PMID- 3474181 TI - New employee rights. PMID- 3474183 TI - An alternative incisal guidance table. PMID- 3474182 TI - The types of articulators. PMID- 3474184 TI - The difficult extraction: 3(i). Lower wisdom teeth. PMID- 3474185 TI - Retracting lower canines: a modified removable appliance. PMID- 3474186 TI - Mental nerve anaesthesia secondary to breast cancer. PMID- 3474187 TI - CDMIE update on posterior composites. PMID- 3474188 TI - Functional gametes derived from explants of single blastomeres containing the "germ plasm" in Xenopus laevis: a genetic marker study. AB - Single blastomeres containing the "germ plasm" were isolated from 32-cell embryos of Xenopus albino (ap/ap) or wild type and cultured in vitro until the corresponding normal control embryos reached the neurula stage. The resulting explants from albinos were implanted into wild-type host neurulae and vice versa. The formation of functional gametes, eggs or sperm, of donor type was tested when the operated host embryos had reached sexual maturity. The color of the eggs laid by the experimental females and the presence or absence of melanophores in the epidermis and of pigment granules in the eyes of hatched larvae from matings of the experimental males with albino females made possible the identification of donor-type gametes. Twelve males and 12 females of the wild-type hosts, and 16 males and 14 females of the albino hosts survived. Six animals produced donor type eggs or sperm, most of them being germ line chimeras. This shows that functional gametes can develop from explants derived from single blastomeres containing the "germ plasm." PMID- 3474189 TI - [New frontiers of human genetics and their implications]. PMID- 3474190 TI - [Histotopographic interrelations of stromal structures and hematopoietic cells of human bone marrow]. PMID- 3474191 TI - Simplified Sassouni Plus: an update. PMID- 3474192 TI - An interview with Dr. Harold Gelb--part II by Jimi Mehta. PMID- 3474193 TI - Vertical dimension--primary molar buildup. PMID- 3474194 TI - Functionals/orthodontics/bracketing: 'a simplified approach'. PMID- 3474195 TI - Gastric mucosal protection with selective inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. AB - Because thromboxane synthesis enhances gastric mucosal damage we have investigated whether the thromboxane synthesis inhibitor dazmegrel might be protective to the mucosa. Dazmegrel at a dose of 1 and 5 mg per rat (4.8 and 23.8 mg/kg) significantly reduced the damage caused by acidified taurocholate. In parallel experiments dazmegrel exerted a selective and dose dependent inhibition of ex vivo thromboxane synthesis by gastric fragments over the dose range in which protection was observed. As dazmegrel can be given to man, these experiments suggest that investigation of mucosal protection would be justified. PMID- 3474196 TI - Clinical use of CA 125 and its combination assay with other tumor marker in patients with ovarian carcinoma. AB - The serum levels of CA 125 and CA 19-9 were determined by an immunoradiometric assay employing the monoclonal antibody OC 125 and anti-CA 19-9 antibody in 88 patients with ovarian carcinoma. When a cut-off value of CA 125 was set below 35 U/ml in the control group, serum elevated levels of CA 125 were found in 86.7% of the patients with surgically demonstrable ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, in 100% (4/4 cases) of clear-cell carcinoma, in 50% (2/4 cases) of endometrioid carcinoma, in 100% (5/5 cases) of undifferentiated carcinoma, and in 80% of the recurrent cases. Using a cut-off value of 37 U/ml, serum elevated levels of CA 19 9 were detected in 68.2% of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, in 28.9% of serous cystadenocarcinoma, in 75% (3/4 cases) of metastatic ovarian carcinoma, and in 37.5% of the recurrent cases. A statistical analysis of the combination assay using CA 125, CA 19-9, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP), ferritin and CEA was carried out by multivariate method (discriminatory analysis) in 45 patients with ovarian carcinoma and 50 healthy subjects. As a result before treatment, positive rates of a single tumor marker were 79.7% with CA 125, 42.7% with CA-19-9, 73.1% with IAP, 61.7% with TPA, 64.3% with ferritin and 25.4% with CEA, respectively. A combination assay of these markers was useful for detecting identification of ovarian carcinoma, by which it gave a higher accuracy of ovarian cancer detection. PMID- 3474197 TI - Immunological phenotype of the microgranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3474198 TI - [Theoretical approaches for improved motivation of orthodontic patients]. PMID- 3474199 TI - [Psychological determinants of compliance in orthodontic patients--a contribution to the question of cooperative prognosis]. PMID- 3474200 TI - [Dental caries and spinal curvature in students]. PMID- 3474201 TI - [Morphologic criteria of indications in treatment using Ascher's bionator modification]. PMID- 3474202 TI - [The elastic-open Klammt activator--results of follow-up]. PMID- 3474203 TI - [Malocclusion in children between 6 and 12 years of age. A statistical study of systematic preventive research between 1959 and 1968 on 40,000 children studied in the Belgian province of East Flanders]. PMID- 3474204 TI - Reliability and consistency of bone marrow assessments of complete remission in acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - An experiment is described which was designed to investigate the level of variability in the assessment of bone marrow remission in Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia (AML). The inter-rater reliability and individual consistency of three haematologists at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, are analysed using their assessments of cellularity, percent blast cells and marrow status for fifty bone marrow samples. PMID- 3474205 TI - Cooperation is at core of new JCAH survey. PMID- 3474206 TI - Epiphyseal osteosarcoma: distinguishing features from clear cell chondrosarcoma, chondroblastoma, and epiphyseal enchondroma. AB - In a retrospective radiologic and histologic study of 286 osteosarcomas in files of a metropolitan hospital, four patients (three men and one woman) with osteosarcomas confined to the epiphysis were identified. In this series, there were also 16 metaphyseal osteosarcomas that extended to the epiphysis with penetration through the cartilaginous growth plate, a structure that ordinarily resists tumor growth. All tumors occurred in the femoral condyle. Characteristically, all four patients had histories of knee joint pain, and three reported antecedent trauma. Radiologically, the tumors showed predominantly lytic features. Histologically, three of the tumors were osteoblastic in type, and one was mostly chondroblastic. Purely epiphyseal osteosarcoma has overlapping radiologic features with clear cell chondrosarcoma, epiphyseal chondroblastoma, and epiphyseal enchondroma. The epiphyseal osteosarcomas of the distal femur reported here were characterized by a history of symptoms localized to the knee joint itself as a consequence of their epiphyseal location and joint involvement. This is in contrast to the usual metaphyseal osteosarcomas, which present with lower thigh pain and swelling. Because osteosarcomas may present as lytic tumors confined to the epiphysis, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of such lesions. PMID- 3474207 TI - Trisomy 22 in a newborn with multiple malformations. AB - A case of complete trisomy 22 in a live-born female child with multiple malformations is reported. The karyotype of the index patient had 46 chromosomes, with one chromosome 22 missing and one supranumerary metacentric chromosome. Different banding methods and in situ hybridization revealed that the extra chromosome consists of the long arms and a part of the short arms of two chromosomes 22. Our report supplies further proof that a fetus with complete trisomy 22 can occasionally survive to term, but the condition is not compatible with life over a long period. PMID- 3474208 TI - Renal phospholipase C and diglyceride lipase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Phospholipase C activity and diglyceride lipase activity were studied in the renal cortex and medulla of 10- and 40-week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Enhanced phospholipase C activity was found in the cortical and medullary cytosol of kidney from SHRSP, and microsomal diglyceride lipase in SHRSP also increased. In SHRSP, phospholipase C and diglyceride lipase activities increased with age, but this increase was not evident in WKY. Phospholipase C had high substrate specificity for phosphatidylinositol in renal cytosol of both WKY and SHRSP. The increased activities were accompanied by prostaglandin E2 synthesis in renal medullary microsomes of 10-week-old SHRSP and were also present in the kidney of 40-week-old SHRSP. Total phospholipid and arachidonic acid contents in kidney were markedly high in the medulla of 10-week-old SHRSP, but these lipids were decreased in 40-week-old SHRSP. These results suggest that phospholipids and arachidonic acid in SHRSP may be genetically high and that the activated phospholipase C and diglyceride lipase hydrolyze phospholipids, providing arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis, which results in a decrease of phospholipids and arachidonic acid in the kidney of 40-week-old SHRSP. These studies demonstrate that a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C prostaglandin synthetic system may play an important role in the course of hypertension in SHRSP. PMID- 3474209 TI - Salt-induced plasma factor that inhibits platelet thromboxane A2 release and renal prostaglandin E2 production in rats. AB - This study examined the relationship between a plasma factor (or factors) that inhibits the release of thromboxane A2 from platelets and excessive salt intake in rats. The plasma factor, termed platelet inhibitory factor, was also characterized. The release of thromboxane A2 from thrombin-activated platelets was reduced in Wistar rats that were uninephrectomized and given 2% saline for a week, but not in rats with acute volume expansion. Platelet inhibitory factor was extracted from the plasma of these uninephrectomized and saline-loaded rats and partially purified using membrane sieves, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), modified straight-phase HPLC, and gel-permeation column chromatography. The molecular weight of the factor was about 4300 daltons by gel filtration method. The partially purified platelet inhibitory factor decreased the release not only of thromboxane A2, but also of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin D2 from thrombin-activated platelets. The factor inhibited the aggregation of human platelets induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and thrombin, but not that by arachidonate. The platelet inhibitory factor reduced the activities of phospholipases A2 and C but did not affect the conversion of arachidonate to thromboxane A2. Furthermore, platelet inhibitory factor decreased prostaglandin E2 production in cultured renal cells, and platelet inhibitory factor-like activity was detected in kidney extract from the salt-loaded rats. These results suggest that platelet inhibitory factor is produced by chronic salt intake and involved in the functional alterations of the platelets and probably the kidneys, mainly through its inhibitory action on the liberation of arachidonate. PMID- 3474210 TI - [Reduction of radiation dosage by the use of newer reinforced rare earth films]. PMID- 3474211 TI - [Indications for tongue reduction in orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3474212 TI - A comparative study of ofloxacin versus cefazolin in lower respiratory tract infections. AB - An open study was conducted in 40 randomized patients to evaluate the efficacy of ofloxacin in comparison with cefazolin in the treatment of acute, chronic and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. The therapeutic efficacy of the two drugs was evaluated on the basis of bacteriological and clinical examinations. Bacteriological assays revealed that ofloxacin eliminated bacterial flora from sputum in 20/21 cases (14 Gram-negative and 7 Gram-positive), while cefazolin eradicated the pathogens in 12/19 cases (16 Gram-negative and 3 Gram-positive). In clinical terms, 20/21 (95.2%) infections were cured and 1/21 (4.8%) improved in the ofloxacin group as against 12/19 (63.2%) cured, 5/19 (26.3%) improved and 2/19 (10.5%) unchanged in the cefazolin group. The results of this study confirm the efficacy and excellent tolerance of ofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3474213 TI - Effectiveness of imipenem in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis. AB - In 61 patients the effectiveness of imipenem in the treatment of chronic post traumatic osteitis was examined. The diagnosis of post-traumatic osteitis was based on clinical and radiological signs of infection, as well as a positive bone culture from a surgical specimen. The average duration of treatment was 10 days with a dosage 3 X 500 mg imipenem daily. The most commonly identified pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. In 75% of the cases an infection with Gram-positive pathogens was found. The majority of Gram-negative infections was caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rate of elimination was greater than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A definite cure was achieved in 80% of the reported cases, only four patients (7%) showed a recurrence of the infection. Allergic reactions or other adverse effects were not observed except for diarrhoea in four patients. The high rate of therapeutic effectiveness as well as the excellent toleration justify the use of imipenem in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis. PMID- 3474214 TI - Effects of suprofen on renal function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Suprofen is a new potent analgesic with antiinflammatory properties that appears to inhibit prostaglandin synthetase in a tissue-selective manner, having relatively little effect on the kidneys of experimental animals. The effects were studied of one week of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with suprofen or ibuprofen on Na+ and K+ excretion, creatinine clearance, urinary enzymes that are markers for tubular damage, and urinary prostaglandins such as PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of prostacyclin). Neither compound caused changes in renal function related to the week of treatment, but significant decreases in prostaglandins were observed: this change was fully reversible after discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 3474215 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of anthracycline cardiotoxicity during different therapeutic regimens. AB - The use of doxorubicin (Dx) in treating malignancies is limited by a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy. Prevention of this related cardiotoxicity has been attempted either by using doxorubicin analogues such as 4'-epidoxorubicin (4' EpiDx) or by simultaneous administration of other pharmacological substances. Fifteen patients with breast and lung cancer divided into three groups, treated respectively with Dx alone, Dx and L-carnitine and 4'-EpiDx, were studied to assess the effects of these therapeutic regimens on left ventricular performance. For this purpose the maximum velocities of fibre shortening and lengthening (VcF), obtained by computerized M-Mode echocardiography were used as indices of systolic and diastolic function respectively. Data from patients and from 25 healthy subjects were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test. No significant difference was found in baseline systolic and diastolic VcF values. Significantly lower systolic VcF (p less than 0.05) was shown by patients treated with Dx alone, while diastolic VcF was significantly lower in those treated with 4'-EpiDx after four cycles. Systolic VcF of patients treated with Dx and L carnitine and with 4'-EpiDx did not significantly differ from controls even after six therapeutic cycles. These data demonstrate that systolic VcF is not affected by 4'-EpiDx or by Dx when administrated with L-carnitine. The reduction of diastolic VcF by 4'-EpiDx and not by Dx could be due to different effects of these drugs on the calcium transport since early isovolumic relaxation depends on an energy-dependent process of calcium removal. PMID- 3474216 TI - Synthesis of biologically active transforming growth factor alpha. AB - A 50-amino acid residue transforming growth factor, type alpha (TGF alpha), secreted in culture by feline-sarcoma-virus-transformed rat embryo fibroblasts, was synthesized by an improved stepwise solid-phase method with an overall yield of 31%. A deprotection strategy based on the SN2 mechanism using either a low concentration of HF or CF3SO3H-CF3CO2H in dimethylsulfide was employed to remove most of the benzyl-derived protecting groups. The more acid resistant protecting groups of Cys and Arg were removed by the SN2 condition using a high concentration of HF. Synthetic TGF alpha was purified to homogeneity in three steps. Synthetic and natural TGF alpha were indistinguishable from each other in HPLC and in different assays, including the assay for anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts in soft agar, binding, and stimulating to epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor protein kinase. Furthermore, synthetic TGF alpha showed similar biological activities when compared with EGF in these assays. Thus, the chemical synthesis of TGF alpha provided convincing evidence that TGF alpha is functionally related to EGF and is one of the active principles required for cellular transformation. PMID- 3474217 TI - Aqueous prostaglandin E2 and intraocular pressure after argon laser trabeculoplasty in glaucoma patients pretreated with topical piroxicam. AB - Intracameral injection of prostaglandin E2 causes an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits, cats, and monkeys. Arachidonic acid administered topically in rabbits and monkeys also increases IOP. The effect of prostaglandin E2 on IOP in human eyes is unclear. We performed paracentesis of the anterior chamber one hour after 180 degrees argon laser trabeculoplasty in cases of primary open-angle glaucoma. This laser treatment may increase IOP, but no correlation was found between post-operative IOP changes and PGE2 levels. PGE2 was significantly lower in ten eyes pretreated with topical piroxicam, a prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor (7 +/- 6 pg/ml), than in ten untreated eyes (443 +/- 232 pg/ml) and five controls. No significant difference was found between post-operative IOP in eyes pretreated and untreated with piroxicam. The low levels of PGE2 in the aqueous humour of eyes pretreated with piroxicam indirectly demonstrated the transcorneal penetration of the topically administered drug, and the effectiveness of piroxicam in inhibiting the ocular synthesis of PGE2. PMID- 3474218 TI - The osteosarcoma amputation stump: a clinico-radiographical correlation. AB - The radiological picture of the amputation stump after osteosarcoma was reviewed in 75 cases, in which postoperative follow-up ranged from a minimum four months, to a maximum of over 12 years. In 67/75 cases (89%) no recurrence was observed; in 8/75 cases (11%) a local neoplastic recurrency was confirmed on clinical and histopathological grounds. The usual aspects of late modifications induced by surgery include osteoporosis of the residual bone, which may assume a geographical pattern, with thinning of the stump apex and formation of a periosteal spur directed towards the soft tissues. The typical pattern of locally recurrent osteosarcoma is that of an infiltrating soft tissue mass with bone erosion and irregular flake-like calcifications. All these signs are presented and discussed in order to give a practical guideline to the differential diagnosis between surgery-induced modifications and local neoplastic recurrences. PMID- 3474220 TI - [Unwanted bone changes in systemic treatment with synthetic retinoids]. AB - An update is presented of bone changes taking place in association with oral treatment with the two most relevant synthetic retinoids, 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin; Roaccutan, Accutane) and etretinate (aromatic retinoid; Tigason, Tegison). All of the important clinical studies are reviewed, including our own results concerning etretinate-associated bone changes. While there are no more doubts about the potential bone toxicity of 13-cis-retinoic acid, the possibility of etretinate-induced bone changes probably occurring within a longer latency period cannot be conclusively assessed at present. The available clinical data concerning the potential skeletal toxicity of 13-cis-retinoic acid and etretinate should be carefully taken into consideration when determining the risk/benefit ratio, especially for long-term oral retinoid treatment. PMID- 3474219 TI - Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia with recombinant interferon alfa-2b. AB - Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A; Schering-Plough) was administered to 36 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at an initial dose of 4 X 10(6) IU/m2 daily subcutaneously, adapted to changes in leukocyte counts during the course of treatment. Of 32 patients who could be fully evaluated (20 men and 12 women; median age, 34 years) 29 were in the chronic phase, one had a blast crisis and two had accelerated phase disease. Hematologic remission was achieved in 20 of the 32 patients, while a partial hematologic remission was obtained in 10. Elevated pretreatment white-cell counts returned to normal in 25 patients after 3 40 weeks. There was a parallel decrease in platelet counts after an average treatment time of six weeks and in lactate dehydrogenase, after 2-20 weeks. In conclusion, administration of interferon alfa-2b resulted in a relatively rapid cell reduction in chronic phase CML. The long-term effect of this treatment on the course of the disease and the place of interferon alfa-2b in the overall concept of CML treatment remains to be evaluated. PMID- 3474221 TI - Waxing and waning of abdominal organ 67Ga uptake in a male with lupus: a potential for organ-specific therapy. PMID- 3474222 TI - Case report. PMID- 3474223 TI - The development of a classification and problem list as a method of orthodontic diagnosis. PMID- 3474225 TI - Answers to the mysteries of endodontic diagnosis. PMID- 3474224 TI - Treatment planning a compromised cleft palate patient with a normal identical twin reference. PMID- 3474226 TI - Endodontics, part II: Rationale of endodontics. PMID- 3474227 TI - Influence of the catBCE sequence on the phenotypic reversion of a pcaE mutation in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - Isofunctional beta-ketoadipate:succinyl coenzyme A transferases I and II are encoded by the pcaE and catE genes, respectively, of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The genes are under separate transcriptional control and genetically unlinked. Mutations in the pcaE gene result in a p-hydroxybenzoate-negative (POB-) phenotype, whereas catE mutations cause a benzoate-negative (Ben-) phenotype. A. calcoaceticus ADP125 carries the pcaE3125 mutation and gave rise to POB+ revertants with a frequency of 10(-4). A 5.0-kilobase-pair (kb) EcoRI restriction fragment containing the catBCDE genes possesses two SalI restriction sites separated by 1.5 kb. Removal of the DNA between the SalI sites created a deletion removing the terminal 35 base pairs of the catB gene, the 300-base-pair catC gene, and about 1.1 kb of the 1.2-kb catE gene. Transformation of strain ADP125 with the modified EcoRI fragment lacking the SalI segment produced natural transformants containing this designed deletion with a frequency of 20%. The frequency of POB+ phenotypic reversion of the pcaE3125 mutation in these transformants was more than 300-fold lower than the frequency of phenotypic reversion observed in genetic backgrounds containing the catBCE segment. Alleles created by pcaE phenotypic reversion in a wild-type cat genetic background were unlinked to the cat gene cluster, and revertant transferases were expressed inducibly with the pca genes. Alterations in the restriction pattern of the pca gene cluster in several revertants were observed, indicating that multiple sequence changes have occurred in the pca genes during reversion. Growth of the phenotypic revertants under nonselective conditions resulted in loss of either the POB+ phenotype or both the POB+ and Ben+ phenotypes at high frequency. Southern hybridizations revealed that loss of the POB+ of Ben+ phenotype was due to deletion of the entire pca or cat gene cluster, a loss of at least 16 kb in some strains. Revertants isolated in a catBCE deletion background were stable. These results suggest that enhanced phenotypic reversion of pcaE3125 in wild-type cat background is due to repair of the mutation by recombination between the catBCE and pcaE3125 sequences. Genetic instability of the phenotypic revertants may be attributed to deletion of pca and cat sequences by recombination between regions of homology created as a consequence of pcaE repair. PMID- 3474228 TI - Early metabolic effects of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in rat liver in vivo. AB - The short term metabolic effects of the in vivo administration of platelet derived growth factor have been examined in the liver of the rat. Meal-fed male Wistar rats weighing between 150-180 g received an intraperitoneal injection of platelet-derived growth factor (17 units/100 g weight), transforming growth factor-beta (185 ng/100 g weight), or saline. At 5 min after injection, the livers were freeze-clamped. Samples of the tissue were subsequently assayed for metabolite content and enzyme activities. Platelet-derived growth factor injection caused an elevation in the liver content of pyruvate from 0.14 +/- 0.012 to 0.19 +/- 0.009 mumol/g wet weight liver (p less than or equal to 0.01) and an increase in the cytosolic phosphorylation potential [sigma ATP]/[sigma ADP][sigma Pi] from 6670 +/- 540 to 8970 +/- 750 (p less than or equal to 0.01). In addition an increase in the hepatic content of the hexose monophosphate pathway metabolites, 6-phosphogluconate (0.027 +/- 0.004 to 0.037 +/- 0.005 mumol/g wet weight) (p less than or equal to 0.05), ribulose 5-phosphate (0.013 +/- 0.001 to 0.017 +/- 0.001 mumol/g wet weight) (p less than or equal to 0.05) and combined sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate (0.052 +/- 0.007 to 0.062 +/- 0.004 mumol/g wet weight) (p less than or equal to 0.05) was observed. The elevation in the hexose monophosphate pathway metabolites resulted from a 1.3 fold elevation in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49] when measured in a crude homogenate. Kinetic analysis performed on partially purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase demonstrated no significant change in the Km of the enzyme for either NADP+ or glucose 6-phosphate, while a 2.4-fold increase in the Vmax was observed. In view of the rapidity of the change in total measured enzyme activity and increase in the Vmax of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, it is postulated that platelet-derived growth factor causes a covalent modification of the existing enzyme. Transforming growth factor-beta caused no change in the hepatic metabolite content in the treated animals when compared to saline treated controls. PMID- 3474229 TI - Conformational changes accompany the oxidative inactivation of rhodanese by a variety of reagents. AB - Rhodanese is oxidatively inactivated by several reagents, some of which are not normally considered oxidants. Rhodanese, in a form not containing persulfide sulfur (E), was inactivated by phenylglyoxal under conditions where disulfides are formed. There was the concomitant increase in the fluorescence of the apolar probe 1,1'-bi(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bisANS). At 0.2 mg/ml protein, there was no turbidity, while at 1 mg/ml, turbidity formed after an induction period of 23 min. Phenylglyoxal-inactivated E was extensively digested by endoproteinase glutamate C (V8 protease) to give two discrete high molecular weight fragments (Mr = 29,500 and 16,000). Enzymatically active E or ES, the form of rhodanese containing transferred sulfur (Mr = 33,000) was totally refractory to V8 protease and gave only small fluorescent enhancement of bisANS. Phenylglyoxal inactivated ES (reaction at arginine) gave very little fluorescence enhancement of bisANS and was not digested by V8. Hydrogen peroxide rapidly inactivated E (t1/2 less than 2 min) giving a slow increase in bisANS fluorescence (t1/2 greater than 10 min) identical to that observed with phenylglyoxal. The turbidity also increased after an induction period of approximately 30 min. Inactivation of E by hydrogen peroxide gave the same digestion pattern as that observed with phenylglyoxal inactivation. The turbidity was associated with the formation of disulfide-bonded structures that formed with the stoichiometry of E, 2E, 4E, 6E, 8E, etc. relative to the native enzyme, E. E was inactivated with several other reagents that lead to oxidatively inactivated rhodanese including NADH, dithiothreitol, mercaptoethanol, and m-dinitrobenzene. Enzyme inactivated with dithiothreitol or NADH gave an identical digestion pattern as above. In addition, with the exception of NADH which could not be used due to optical interference, each of the reagents gave rise to increased fluorescence of bisANS after inactivation. The results are consistent with a model in which the oxidized rhodanese resulting from diverse treatments is in a new conformation that has extensive exposed apolar surfaces and can form both noncovalent and disulfide-bonded aggregates. PMID- 3474230 TI - Substrate specificity determinants for casein kinase II as deduced from studies with synthetic peptides. AB - The specificity of casein kinase II has been further defined by analyzing the kinetics of phosphorylation reactions using a number of different synthetic peptides as substrates. The best peptide substrates are those in which multiple acidic amino acids are present on both sides of the phosphorylatable serine or threonine. Acidic residues on the NH2-terminal side of the serine (threonine) greatly enhance the kinetic constants but are not absolutely required. Acidic residues on the COOH-terminal side of the serine (threonine) are absolutely required. One position for which the occupation of an acidic residue is especially critical is the position located 3 residues to the COOH terminus of the phosphate acceptor site, although the presence of an acidic amino acid in the positions that are 4 or 5 residues removed may also provide an appropriate structure that will serve as a substrate for the kinase. Aspartate serves as a better amino acid determinant than glutamate. A relatively short sequence of amino acids surrounding the phosphate acceptor site appears to serve as the basis for the specificity of casein kinase II. The peptides in this study were also assayed with casein kinase I and the casein kinase from the mammary gland so that the specificities of these kinases could be compared to that of casein kinase II. PMID- 3474231 TI - Influx of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine into HL-60 human leukemia cells and erythrocytes. AB - The influx of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo) into human HL-60 leukemia cells and erythrocytes was characterized in order to determine whether it is facilitated by the nonspecific nucleoside carrier system or by a separate transporter, as suggested by other reports. Initial velocities were measured at room temperature by means of inhibitor-stop and oil-stop assays. MeSAdo influx was strongly inhibited by Ado, dAdo, and nucleoside transport inhibitors including nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole. Ade was inhibitory only at concentrations in excess of 1 mM. Loss of nucleoside transport capacity during differentiation of HL-60 cells was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in MeSAdo influx rates. These results indicate that MeSAdo influx was mediated by the nonspecific nucleoside transport system. The kinetic data were consistent with a single saturable carrier and yielded Km values of 74 and 184 microM and Vmax values of 424 and 48 pmols/10(6) cells/min with HL-60 cells and erythrocytes, respectively, after correction for a substantial passive diffusion component, which accounted for over 50% of the influx of 1 mM MeSAdo. The passive diffusion of MeSAdo in the presence of a transport inhibitor was not rate limiting for the salvage of 50 microM MeSAdo to methionine when HL-60 cells were cultured in methionine-deficient medium. The large contribution of passive diffusion to the influx of MeSAdo is consistent with its unusually high octanol/water partition ratio (5.7-fold greater than that of Ado). PMID- 3474232 TI - Limb-salvage treatment versus amputation for osteosarcoma of the distal end of the femur. PMID- 3474233 TI - Scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate in staging of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremity. AB - We performed a retrospective study of sixty patients who had a soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity to determine the usefulness of scintigraphy with gallium 67 citrate as a staging modality. Abnormal activity of the gallium was present in forty-one of forty-eight sites in which there was macroscopic primary tumor. In six of the forty-eight patients, the imaging demonstrated non-pulmonary metastases that had not been detected by any other staging studies. Scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate should be employed routinely for staging of soft-tissue sarcomas because of its utility in detecting non-pulmonary metastases that are not otherwise detected on routine staging studies. PMID- 3474234 TI - Cytostatic effects in osteosarcomas as detected by flow cytometric DNA analysis after preoperative chemotherapy according to the COSS 80/82 protocol. AB - A total of 20 highly malignant osteosarcomas were studied by DNA flow cytometry after preoperative chemotherapy according to the COSS 80/82 protocol to assess their nuclear DNA content and the impact of chemotherapy on DNA ploidy and proliferation. Of the cases studied, 70% revealed aneuploid DNA stem lines with a median value of 1.67, and a median S-phase proportion of 16.1%. These data differed substantially from the results of a preceding study on untreated osteosarcomas revealing a higher frequency of DNA aneuploidy, higher DNA indices, and higher proportions of cells in S-phase. The pretreated tumors also showed a distinct relation between DNA content and the grade of tumor regression. No aneuploid DNA stem line was found in the responder group-I, whereas group-V (osteosarcomas with more than 50% viable tumor tissue) consisted almost completely of aneuploid DNA populations; all tumors with more than 2 DNA aneuploids were found in the latter group. All populations with a DNA index (DI) over 2.0 were found in the nonresponder groups IV and V, where all DNA aneuploids had an S-phase above 12%. No differences in DNA ploidy or proliferation were found in the various histological subtypes of pretreated osteosarcomas. These data indicate that flow cytometric DNA measurement in osteosarcoma may not only serve as a tumor marker, but also support the evaluation of morphologically established regression grades, thereby verifying the patient's prognosis: a high DI (over 2.0), a high number of DNA aneuploids (more than 2), and a high proliferation (S-phase above 12%) seemed to indicate a poor regression of the primary lesion, which may offer a pretherapeutic way of prognostic evaluation. PMID- 3474235 TI - Sarcomatous degeneration in Paget's bone disease. AB - The authors report 12 cases (8 men and 4 women) of sarcomatous degeneration in Paget's bone disease, with an average age of 72.3 years. Sarcomatous degeneration occurred often in polyostotic Paget's disease, and osteitis deformans was seen in 4 cases. Femur and pelvis were the most affected bones. Pain was a constant feature, whereas tumefaction and fracture were less common. Osteolytic lesions were more frequent than condensed or mixed lesions and radiological signs of malignancy were usually found. Seven cases were histologically classified as osteogenic sarcoma and 3 cases as fibrosarcoma. Electron microscopy was performed on 2 osteogenic sarcomas and in 1 case revealed microcylindrical inclusions in Pagetic osteoclasts and in multinucleated giant tumor cells, but none in mononucleated tumor cells. The average survival time for the patients in this study was only 4.5 months. PMID- 3474237 TI - Development of a reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatographic assay of daunorubicin for pharmacopoeial use. AB - A liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of daunorubicin using octyldecylsilyl columns and sodium dodecyl sulphate as ion pairing agent. The method based on previous publication [M. A. van Lancker et. al., J. Chromatogr., 254 (1983) 45] is specific for daunoribicin and separates it from likely impurities, e.g., the aglycone, duborimycin and related anthracyclines, doxorubicin and epirubicin. Several commercial batches have been examined in a number of laboratories employing various types of stationary phases. The intralaboratory reproducibilities varied from 1.0 to 1.6% and the interlaboratory reproducibility between 0.63 and 1.0% (based on the means of duplicate determinations), while with the preferred mobile phase the coefficient of variation was 0.3% (n = 4). The method is robust and is proposed for inclusion in a monograph on daunorubicin which is currently under consideration by the European Pharmacopoeia. PMID- 3474236 TI - Membrane potential and cation content of osteoblast-like cells (UMR 106) assessed by fluorescent dyes. AB - A number of cellular functions have recently been associated with alterations of the membrane potential in non-excitable cells. To assess the electrophysiologic regulation of osteoblast function, a method for measuring the membrane potential (Em) of a rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line (UMR 106) by the voltage-sensitive oxonol dye di-BA-C4(3) was developed. The fluorescent signal of di-BA-C4(3) was calibrated through a null point method using the protonophore FCCP. At null point, Em is equivalent to H+ equilibrium potential, and may be calculated by the Nernst equation. Intracellular pH (pHi) changes induced by the protonophore were monitored using BCECF, a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe. In the presence of FCCP, intracellular pH was found to be linearly correlated to extracellular pH (pHo). Therefore, the value of pHi at null point was extrapolated as well. With this technique, we estimated the plasma membrane potential of the "putative" rat osteoblasts (UMR 106) as -28.3 +/- 4.0 mV (n = 10). This method corrected the 16% overestimation of Em derived from the assumption that pHi does not change during the calibration procedure, as described in previous studies employing pH null point techniques. With null point methods, using BCECF and the carboxylic ionophores nigericin and monensin, intracellular concentrations of potassium and sodium were also measured and found to be 125 +/- 0.7 mM (n = 3) and 24 +/- 5.3 mM (n = 3), respectively. Although the Em of UMR 106 cells was dependent on extracellular potassium concentration, these cells did not behave as a potassium electrode. The sodium/potassium permeability ratio, calculated by the Goldman equation, was estimated at 0.317. This high membrane permeability to sodium may contribute to the genesis of the low plasma membrane potential of UMR 106 cells. PMID- 3474238 TI - Hormonal influence on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in uterine connective tissue of term pregnant women. AB - Adaptation of the uterus to the growing fetus necessitates remodelling of the uterine connective tissue. Proteoglycans, being a main constituent of the extracellular matrix, influence the physical properties of the tissue and play an important regulatory role for a number of functional events. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the carboxyhydrate side chains of proteoglycans, in tissue from the lower uterine segment of term pregnant women was investigated in vitro by measurement of 35SO4 and [14C]glucosamine incorporation. Prostaglandin E2 and oestradiol-17 beta significantly increased the synthesis of sulphated GAGs but decreased the incorporation of [14C]glucosamine, while relaxin, prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin had no significant effect. To further explore the influence of prostaglandin E2, tissue specimens were incubated with [14C]glucosamine and GAGs separated into three fractions on cetylpyridinium chloride cellulose micro columns. Prostaglandin E2 was found to significantly reduce the synthesis of components recovered in the glycoprotein and hyaluronate fractions, whereas synthesis of components in the sulphated GAG fraction was increased. The results indicate that prostaglandin E2 and oestradiol-17 beta have differential effects on different GAGs whereas relaxin, oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha have no effect. PMID- 3474239 TI - The effect of hysterectomy on serum CA 125 levels in patients with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. AB - The human endometrium has been reported to release CA 125 in tissue culture, and elevated levels have been found in patients with endometriosis and adenomyosis. The serum levels of CA 125 were measured in 22 women undergoing hysterectomy for adenomyosis (n = 11) or fibroids (n = 11) of the uterus. In 20 patients (91%) the pre-operative CA 125 level was normal (less than 35 U/ml). All patients with adenomyosis had a normal pre-operative serum CA 125 concentration. Five weeks after the operation the CA 125 levels did not differ from the pre-operative levels. Our results show that the uterine contribution to the serum CA 125 level is minimal, and do not confirm the initial enthusiasm concerning the possible use of levels as an aid in the diagnosis of adenomyosis. PMID- 3474240 TI - Computer-generated treatment estimate. PMID- 3474242 TI - The most important instrument in your practice. PMID- 3474241 TI - Bass orthopedic appliance system. Part 3. Case management. PMID- 3474243 TI - A system for retracting canine roots. PMID- 3474244 TI - Begg rotation module. PMID- 3474245 TI - Novel side effects of clonidine in the treatment of Tourette disorder. PMID- 3474246 TI - Marked fall in high-density lipoprotein following isotretinoin therapy: report of a case in a weight lifter on anabolic steroids. PMID- 3474247 TI - Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: efficacy of isotretinoin. PMID- 3474248 TI - Unusual MR metallic artifact due to steel threads. AB - Metallic objects are a well known source of artifact in magnetic resonance imaging. We report a case of artifacts created by metallic fibers woven into surgical scrub pants worn by a patient during the examination. PMID- 3474249 TI - Pre partum milk fat secretion and concentrations of progestins, prostaglandin F2 alpha and oestrone sulphate in mammary fluid of the goat. AB - As much secretion as possible was removed manually twice daily, from both mammary glands of 6 late-pregnant goats beginning on d 137 of gestation. Removing mammary fluid before parturition stimulated fluid secretion by different amounts in individual goats. The mean volume of fluid secreted pre partum by the goats correlated directly with their secretion of triglyceride and the percentage composition of C18 fatty acids in the triglyceride fatty acids; the volume also correlated with the concentration of progestins, but not prostaglandin F2 alpha or oestrone sulphate, in the fluid. PMID- 3474250 TI - [Influence of economic background on dental caries among 7-12-year-old school children in Bangkok]. PMID- 3474251 TI - [Dental caries and oral hygiene status in poverty and non poverty groups of Bangkok metropolitan school children 7-12 years of age]. PMID- 3474252 TI - [Ewing's sarcoma: a case report of mandibular involvement]. PMID- 3474253 TI - [What is the difference between the Thai words for the "first pain" and the "second pain"?]. PMID- 3474255 TI - Proceedings of the sixty-fourth AADS annual session. American Association of Dental Schools. PMID- 3474254 TI - [Fluoridation of the drinking water: results of an opinion survey of the population of metropolitan Montreal]. PMID- 3474256 TI - Dentistry and the media. PMID- 3474257 TI - PDL injections. PMID- 3474258 TI - Serum chemistries. PMID- 3474260 TI - Periodontal index. PMID- 3474259 TI - Saga of Melvin M. Mediocre, DDS. PMID- 3474261 TI - The Barrickman Breather. PMID- 3474262 TI - Nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia and the post-hypnotic effect: eliciting the hidden fear. PMID- 3474263 TI - Crevicular delivery of sanguinaria to control gingivitis. PMID- 3474264 TI - An evaluation of a glass ionomer luting agent: pulpal histological response. AB - Pulpal histological response after crown cementation with a glass ionomer luting agent was evaluated and compared with the response to a polycarboxylate cement or a varnish plus zinc phosphate cement. Pulpal histological response was evaluated on teeth that had full crowns cemented with the test luting agents 3, 10, and 56 days after cementation. No statistically significant differences were found in pulpal histological response between the materials tested during all periods. These findings suggest that factors other than pulpal inflammation are contributing to the reported hypersensitivity after cementation associated with glass ionomer luting agents. PMID- 3474265 TI - Acromegaly and resulting myofascial pain and temporomandibular joint dysfunction: review of the literature and report of case. AB - The medical and dental literature about acromegaly is reviewed. Medical considerations as well as the improvement in surgical techniques and airway management are discussed in reference to the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, secondary to mandibular overgrowth. Successful treatment of a patient is described. PMID- 3474266 TI - Comparison of focal trough dimensions and form by resolution measurements in panoramic radiography. AB - Panoramic focal trough dimensions affect both the number of patient structures seen in radiographs and the margin of error possible when positioning a patient to take a radiograph. This study compares the dimensions, or size, and position, or form, of the focal troughs of four machines by resolution measurements. There is a continued need for technicians to position the patient's anterior teeth accurately in the zones of sharpness of these machines, but the widths of the sharpness zones show an increase in dimensions over older panoramic machines. PMID- 3474267 TI - Sodium absorption associated with oral hygiene procedures. AB - A two-phase study was conducted to determine if sodium is absorbed in significant amounts by the oral mucosa during use of saline solutions. If such absorption occurs, saline rinsing procedures should be contraindicated for people on sodium restricted diets. PMID- 3474268 TI - Effect of four anticorrosive dips on the cutting efficiency of dental carbide burs. AB - Because tungsten-carbide dental burs corrode during sterilization in an autoclave, four anticorrosive dips were studied to determine their effect on the burs in maintaining cutting efficiency. PMID- 3474269 TI - Forensic dentistry in the Cerritos air disaster. AB - On Aug 31, 1986, 82 people were killed in the worst air disaster in the history of Los Angeles International Airport. The Los Angeles County Forensic Dentistry Team worked with the Medical Examiner-Coroner's Office, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and other agencies during the identification process. The investigation demonstrated the importance of involving forensic anthropologists and forensic dentists along with investigative agencies in the at-scene search for evidence at disaster sites. PMID- 3474270 TI - Pit and fissure sealants. Council on Dental Health and Health Planning. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3474271 TI - Summary of the results of the endosseous implant registry. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 3474272 TI - Prospectus. Office of Quality Assurance. PMID- 3474273 TI - Multiple osteosclerotic masses of the jaw. AB - Florid osseous dysplasia is a peculiar reactive or developmental bone disease that is known to appear only in the jaws. It has an inexplicable decided predilection for occurrence in middle-aged, black women. Extent of the disease may vary from a few isolated periapical lesions to diffuse involvement of the mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes. Radiographically, it is characterized by multiquadrant, globular, radiolucent-radiopaque lesions. Histopathologically, it is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that must be differentiated from other benign fibro-osseous lesions such as fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, Paget's disease, and sclerosing osteomyelitis on the basis of combined clinical, radiographic, and histological features. Correctly identifying this disease is important because it requires no treatment unless a secondary osteomyelitis develops. Sequestrae and osteomyelitis are complications arising when teeth are removed and removable dental prostheses are supported by diseased bone. PMID- 3474274 TI - Immunocytochemical binding to neurons of serum from spinocerebellar degeneration patients. AB - Antineural antibodies have been described in sera of patients with neurodegenerative disorders. We looked for the presence of those antibodies in the sera of patients with spinocerebellar degeneration. Serum IgG from four patients with familial spinocerebellar degeneration showed strong binding to cerebral cortical neurons, Purkinje cells, and dorsal root ganglia of normal human tissue sections stained with the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method at serum dilution of 1:500. No binding to neuroglia cells or cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum was seen. Sera from four immediate, asymptomatic relatives (son or sibling) showed only moderate binding to Purkinje cells and to dorsal root ganglia, but not to cortical neurons. Sera from seven patients with neurological diseases other than spinocerebellar degeneration and from five healthy subjects showed no binding to neural elements. The findings may be of value in the diagnosis and screening of patients suspected of having spinocerebellar degeneration; however, the significance of these antineural antibodies in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar degeneration is uncertain and awaits further studies. PMID- 3474275 TI - Pseudohemiparesis and Tourette syndrome. AB - Three patients with Tourette syndrome and transient recurrent hemiparetic posturing (pseudohemiparesis) are presented. The transient nature of this posturing is not consistent with a static central nervous system deficit. It is felt that the Tourette syndrome symptomatology and pseudohemiparesis share a common pathophysiology. The inclusion of pseudohemiparesis in the differential diagnosis for cerebral palsy is suggested. PMID- 3474276 TI - Expression patterns of MHC class II genes in rabbit tissues indicate close homology to human counterparts. AB - Genomic clones corresponding to five distinct major histocompatibility complex class II alpha-chains have been described for the rabbit; four of these encode complete, potentially functional alpha-chains. Hybridization analysis and preliminary sequence analysis indicate that one of these clones is structurally related to HLA-DP alpha, one to -DR alpha, one to -DQ alpha and one to -DZ alpha. Probes specific for the four class II genes were used to screen RNA samples from normal rabbit tissues to determine which of these genes are transcribed and whether expression of any particular gene is tissue specific. All four of the genes are transcribed, but there are variations in the levels of expression, in tissue distribution, and in transcript size. The highest levels of RLA-DR alpha, DQ alpha, and -DP alpha transcription were found in lymphoid tissues. Lower levels of transcription were also detectable in several nonlymphoid tissues. Transcripts observed were about 1.3 kb, a size expected for these class II alpha chain genes based on experience with their human homologues. The RLA-DZ alpha probe corresponding to HLA-DZ alpha hybridized weakly with a band of 3.6 kb; its expression could be detected only in lymphoid tissues. The size of the DZ alpha transcript, its tissue distribution, and partial sequence data confirm its homology with the human gene DZ alpha. In blots of total cellular RNA, a probe for a recently described human beta-chain, DO beta, hybridized to a transcript of about 1.3 kb in lymphoid tissues. These data indicate that RNA transcripts corresponding to all HLA class II loci described to date can be detected in rabbit tissues. PMID- 3474278 TI - Case of the month. Oral submucous fibrosis affecting the lips and buccal mucosa. PMID- 3474277 TI - Isotype progression and clonality of anti-Sm autoantibodies in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - Antibodies to the nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm are found in 25% of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice, which develop a syndrome similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus. We have previously described that these autoantibodies are relatively restricted to the IgG2a isotype. In the current study, we analyze the isotype distribution of anti-Sm antibodies in these mice over time. The most common pattern observed was an initial response of the IgG2a isotype, which progressed such that this isotype was the major one at the time of peak response. No IgM to IgG class switch was observed. Additional studies directed at the clonality of the anti-Sm response indicated that both kappa- and lambda-light chains could be involved, and that the isoelectric focusing pattern of the anti-Sm antibodies was in general characteristic of multiple spectrotypes. These results also support a special role for the IgG2a isotype in the anti-Sm response in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Despite this heavy chain isotype restriction, the response usually evidences substantial diversity, which suggests either multiple B cell clones or somatic mutation of antibody variable region genes. PMID- 3474279 TI - Fluoride. Methodology of estimation of fluoride concentration in drinking water. PMID- 3474280 TI - Use of tricalcium phosphate ceramic in apicoectomised teeth and in their periapical areas--clinical and radiological evaluation. PMID- 3474281 TI - Treatment of fractured anterior teeth--a new approach. PMID- 3474282 TI - Dental awareness in schoolgoing children. PMID- 3474283 TI - Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour of maxilla--a case report. PMID- 3474284 TI - Syphilitic palatal perforation and rehabilitation denture. PMID- 3474285 TI - Gangrenous stomatitis--a case report. PMID- 3474286 TI - Complex composite odontoma--a case report. PMID- 3474287 TI - Development of a colouring scheme for external prosthesis in acrylic resins. PMID- 3474288 TI - A study on rudimentary third molar among students of a medical college in southern Orissa. PMID- 3474289 TI - Rhizomegaly--teeth with extremely long roots (a case report). PMID- 3474290 TI - Bilateral impaction of mandibular second and third molars. PMID- 3474291 TI - Dens invaginatus having two invaginations in single tooth. PMID- 3474292 TI - The accuracy and precision of assessment of chronological age by analysis of tooth emergence. PMID- 3474293 TI - Gingival morphology of the primary teeth and their permanent successors. A longitudinal study. PMID- 3474294 TI - [Statistical and radiographic study of disturbances of the dental lamina at the level of the premaxilla and the mandibular symphysis]. PMID- 3474295 TI - Dental problem of the Nigerian child. PMID- 3474296 TI - Dependence of oral health on the availability of fluoride. PMID- 3474297 TI - About injuries to primary teeth. PMID- 3474298 TI - Infectivity of the human immunodeficiency virus: estimates from a prospective study of homosexual men. PMID- 3474299 TI - Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in cervical secretions from women at risk for AIDS. PMID- 3474300 TI - Prevalence, clinical significance, and strain specificity of neutralizing antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. AB - A semiautomated microtiter assay has been developed to quantitate neutralizing antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. This assay has been found to be highly specific. Forty-four sera that were negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were tested under code: 42 were negative (less than 1:2), and 2 had titers of 1:2. By contrast, of 178 sera positive by western blot, 92.7% had detectable neutralizing antibody, and 12.5% had titers greater than or equal to 1:128. Neutralizing antibody titers correlated poorly with clinical diagnosis and T4/T8 ratios. Different isolates differed quantitatively in their sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies obtained from different patients; however, all strains tested so far have been neutralizable by all the sera tested. Neutralizing antibody titers correlated weakly, if at all, with direct or competition ELISA titers. PMID- 3474301 TI - Lymphoproliferative responses to human immunodeficiency virus antigen in asymptomatic intravenous drug abusers and in patients with lymphadenopathy or AIDS. PMID- 3474302 TI - Infection of baboons with human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) PMID- 3474303 TI - Internalization of radioiodinated erythropoietin and the ligand-induced modulation of its receptor in murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - We have studied the internalization of 125I-erythropoietin (Epo) and regulation of Epo receptors by the ligand in a murine erythroleukemia cell clone, TSA8. To determine internalization, a high-salt acid wash was performed. Internalization of 125I-Epo was found in TSA8 cells as well as in fetal mouse liver cells (FMLC), although the percentage of internalized radioactivity reached 40% after incubation at 37 degrees C for 150 min and was lower than that in FMLC. Exposure of TSA8 cells to unlabeled Epo resulted in a rapid, time-dependent reduction in 125I-Epo binding activity. The net loss of the activity was related to the ambient Epo concentration and 5 X 10(-8)M Epo induced approximately 80% loss of total binding capacity. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the high-affinity receptor number was decreased but the affinity was increased in the Epo-treated cells. In low-affinity receptors, however, the receptor affinity was decreased and the receptor number was not changed much by preincubation with Epo. These results suggest that the decrease in 125I-Epo binding activity after preincubation with unlabeled Epo is mainly accounted for by a decrease in the number of high-affinity receptors, and the high-affinity receptors play an important role in the biological response to Epo. PMID- 3474304 TI - Protoplast-mediated gene transfer into human leukemia (K562) cells. AB - We have examined the usefulness of a protoplast fusion technique as a tool to transfer cloned genes into hematopoietic cells. Protoplasts carrying cloned plasmids, which would express specific markers when successfully transfected into human cells, were prepared and fused with human leukemic cell line K562 cells using polyethylene glycol as a fusogenic factor. As a result, K562 cells fused with protoplasts containing a plasmid pSV2-cat constructed to code for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expressed CAT activity efficiently. K562 cells were also readily transformed to geneticin-(G418) resistant cells following fusion with protoplasts carrying a plasmid pSV2-neo-SV-gpt, which confers the resistance of mammalian cells to G418 and mycophenolic acid. It was also demonstrated that the plasmid genome was stably integrated into the chromosomal DNA of G418-resistant K562 cells. Our results proved that protoplast fusion could be used to study the specific expression and the biologic activities of cloned genes in human hematopoietic cells. PMID- 3474305 TI - [MTX resistant mechanisms in human choriocarcinoma cells]. AB - Choriocarcinoma cells grown in the presence of MTX have developed resistance in two ways. The HCCM derived sublines (relatively high MTX resistant) produced enhanced levels of DHFR and had relatively unimpaired transport of MTX, though altered transport was the primary determinant of response in the CC1 derived sublines (low MTX resistant). Since the selection procedure used was identical, it was assumed that altered MTX transport was insufficient to account entirely for various degrees of resistance. Increased DHFR activity was necessary for the development of high MTX resistance. The overproduction of DHFR was the consequence of amplification of the DHFR gene sequence. The incidence of DMs in metaphases paralleled the degree of resistance. Since DMs were also present in the cells not showing DHFR gene amplification, mechanisms other than DHFR gene multiplication were responsible for the de novo synthesis of DMs. PMID- 3474306 TI - HLA antigens and neural reversal reactions in Ethiopian borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients. AB - Reversal reactions (RR) or acute neuritis episodes are frequently observed in borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy patients during the first year of treatment, and are associated with a rapid increase in cell-mediated immunity. Because HLA linked genes have been shown to be an important factor in determining the type of leprosy that develops in susceptible individuals and because HLA molecules regulate cellular interactions in the immune system, we have investigated whether RR are associated with HLA antigens in Ethiopian patients. The data reported here indicate that this is not the case: no significant differences in the distribution of HLA class I and class II antigens were observed among three groups: 28 BT patients with a history of RR, 27 BT patients with no history of RR, and 33 healthy individuals. In contrast to these negative results, we observed that HLA-DR3 was associated with high skin-test responsiveness against Mycobacterium leprae antigens among RR patients. Since DR3 was not associated with RR per se, the observed DR3-associated high responsiveness to M. leprae may not be primarily related to the development of RR. PMID- 3474307 TI - [Clinical studies of salivary gland diseases]. PMID- 3474308 TI - [Epidemiological study of periodontal disease in rural Korea]. PMID- 3474309 TI - [The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Capnocytophaga and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the periodontal pockets of periodontitis patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3474310 TI - [Dental needs in the outpatients of Pusan Veterans Hospital]. PMID- 3474311 TI - [Clinical considerations on the effect of the Wunderer activator for correction of anterior cross bite]. PMID- 3474312 TI - [An experimental study of the healing process after interdental alveolotomy]. PMID- 3474313 TI - [An experimental study of the effect of laser irradiation in the treatment of bone defects]. PMID- 3474314 TI - [Orthodontic considerations in maxillary impacted canines]. PMID- 3474315 TI - [Soft tissue changes in relation to the movement of hard structures in orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3474316 TI - [The orthodontic treatment of malocclusion including fused teeth]. PMID- 3474317 TI - Clinical studies on treatment of aphthous stomatitis treated with cryosurgery. PMID- 3474318 TI - [An experimental study of the effectiveness of the removal of artificial disclosants by toothbrush heads of various plane types]. PMID- 3474319 TI - [Clinical study of hemangioma in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3474320 TI - [A clinical and histopathologic study of ameloblastoma]. PMID- 3474321 TI - [Trends in treatment in pediatric dentistry]. PMID- 3474322 TI - [The heat transfer properties of denture base materials using infrared thermography]. PMID- 3474323 TI - [A clinical and histopathological study of dentigerous cyst]. PMID- 3474324 TI - [An experimental and clinical study of reimplantation of frozen autogenous mandibular bone]. PMID- 3474325 TI - [Patterns of malocclusion in the primary dentition of children in Berlin]. PMID- 3474326 TI - [A clinical comparative study of toothbrushing efficiency of the roll technic using 2 kinds of brushing-plane toothbrushes]. PMID- 3474327 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 13-cis-retinoic acid on in vitro hematopoiesis in the myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - The effect of 2 X 10(-10) to 2 X 10(-7) mol/L 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) and 10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/L 13-cis-retinoic acid on in vitro differentiation and proliferation of marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was assessed. Cells from 17 patients were studied by the semisolid technique, and cells from seven patients by both liquid and semisolid cultures. After incubation in liquid culture with 1,25(OH)2D3, in six of seven patients evaluated an increasing number of myeloid cells (185% to 470%) acquired the morphologic appearance of mature monocyte-macrophages, and a decrease in the number of immature myeloid cells (26% to 75%) was observed. Phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans by monocyte-macrophages incubated with 1,25(OH)2D3 were normal and similar to those processes in untreated cells. 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the percentage of monocytes that phagocytosed C. albicans in three patients. Thirteen of 17 patients showed reduced myeloid cloning, and eight showed increased cluster formation. Cloning efficiency was significantly lower in patients with refractory anemia with excess of blasts and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Concentrations of 2 X 10(-9) to 2 X 10(-8) mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 and 10(-8) to 10(-7) mol/L retinoic acid had a stimulatory effect on myeloid colony growth in five of the six patients with sideroblastic and refractory anemia, but in only two of the 11 patients with refractory anemia with excess of blasts and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The results indicate that the differentiation pattern of myeloid precursor cells from a subset of patients with MDS was altered by exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 3474328 TI - Sleep apnoea due to bilateral peritonsillar abscess. PMID- 3474329 TI - Motor tics, Tourette syndrome, and learning disabilities. PMID- 3474330 TI - Increased adhesiveness of complement-stimulated neonatal calf neutrophils and its pharmacologic inhibition. AB - Several in vitro functions of neonatal neutrophils (N-PMN) have been reported to be deficient and may be functionally related to the increased susceptibility of the newborn to infection. To evaluate an in vitro event corresponding to one of the early steps in the sequence of inflammation, we used zymosan-activated plasma as a source of activated complement fragments (Cf) and measured adherence of normal and Cf-stimulated bovine N-PMN to columns of Sephadex G-25. Adherence of control N-PMN and adult PMN (A-PMN) was comparable. When N-PMN and A-PMN were stimulated with a subaggregating dose of Cf, both responded with similar increases in adhesiveness. The stimulatory effect of Cf on N-PMN adhesiveness could be inhibited by pre-incubation of the N-PMN with either steroidal (0.05 mM dexamethasone) or non-steroidal (32 mM phenylbutazone) anti-inflammatory drugs. Ultrastructural observations correlated well with the results of the adhesiveness assays, and morphometric evaluation revealed an increase in the sectional circumference of Cf-stimulated N-PMN. Control cells were round with few short cytoplasmic projections, whereas Cf-stimulated cells exhibited marked shape irregularity, polarity, and prominent organelle-free lamellipodia development. There was a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the measured circumference of Cf-stimulated cells. Thus, N-PMN were highly responsive to Cf stimulation, developed morphologic and functional changes indistinguishable from Cf-stimulated A-PMN, and were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition. PMID- 3474331 TI - Quantitative microscopy: I. A computer-assisted approach to the study of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis. AB - A computer-assisted approach has been designed to analyze and quantitate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis. This approach involves a rapid, objective, and semiautomated (user-directed) image-analysis system that is video- and microscope-based. The entire system consists of a microvideo set-up that is put on line with a Digital DEC-LSI-11/73 microcomputer, interfaced with a Datacube analog-digital/digital-analog converter. Video signals of PMN movement are digitized by the system at a resolution of 240 pixels vertically by 320 pixels horizontally (at 256 gray levels) and stored in a 76,800-byte frame buffer. The digitized data are stored for later use or utilized immediately for image segmentation, image display, movement, and morphometric computations for each PMN in a maximum phase field (at 645 X high dry) of 50 PMNs at 10-second intervals. The digitized data are used for computation of cell perimeter, surface area, optical density, contour-ratio, position, speed, and direction of locomotion with the utilization of micro-image-analysis programs written in FORTRAN and MACRO assembly language, with the computer operating under RT 11/TSX+. The reliability, objectivity, and reproducibility of measurements made with this quantitative approach have been tested by comparing with manual-tracing measurements of PMN movement. A correlation factor of 0.99 has been obtained. However, the quantitative-microscopic approach is much faster, more objective, less tedious, and much easier to operate than the conventional manual-tracing method. PMID- 3474332 TI - Red blood cell homeostasis: recognition of distinct types of damaged homologous red blood cells by a mouse macrophage cell line. AB - The mouse macrophage (M phi) cell line IC-21 preferentially ingests a subpopulation of homologous red blood cells (MRBC) from normal mice. This subpopulation presumably bears the so-called transfusion lesion, a consequence of damage acquired during the drawing and processing of blood. To determine if all damaged MRBC were recognized by a common receptor site on IC-21 M phi, we prepared suspensions of MRBC damaged in vitro by treatment with tannic acid and compared the phagocytic uptake of these cells with those bearing the transfusion lesion. Trypsin treatment of IC-21 M phi rendered them unable to recognize MRBC bearing the transfusion lesion; but it had no effect on the uptake of tannic acid damaged MRBC, showing that IC-21 M phi have separate recognition sites for these two populations of damaged MRBC. PMID- 3474333 TI - Receptor-mediated ingestion responses by lung macrophages from a canine model of ARDS. AB - Receptor-mediated ingestion was examined in macrophages derived from a canine model of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The results showed that Fc-mediated ingestion by alveolar macrophages (AM) and macrophages from lung parenchyma (PM) was significantly diminished when compared with their respective controls. Pulsing all the experimental groups with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 1 hr in vitro failed to either enhance the response or return the activity to levels achieved by control cells. In parallel studies, an analysis of C3b mediated ingestion showed that both the experimental AM and PM performed this function only at a magnitude equal to the control cells. Similar responses were observed when an LPS pulse was performed. Although there was a reduction in Fc mediated ingestion and an apparent restraint of the C3b-mediated ingestion, both AM and PM expressed a significantly enhanced ability to spread. These results suggested that the canine model of ARDS alters at least one select macrophage function that may be important to subsequently protect the host. Such disturbances in the cellular immune response may contribute to the progression of infection and lung pathology associated with this disease process. PMID- 3474334 TI - In vitro tumoricidal activity of resting and glucan-activated Kupffer cells. AB - Kupffer cells compose 80-90% of fixed tissue macrophages and have been suggested to play an important role in hepatic antitumor resistance. In the present study, the ability of resting and activated Kupffer cells to lyse syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma BW10232 cells was evaluated. Activated Kupffer cells were isolated from C57Bl/6J mice following single of multiple intravenous (IV) injections of glucan (0.45 mg/mouse), a potent macrophage-activating agent. Mice receiving 5% (w/v) dextrose served as control. Resting Kupffer cells induced significant (P less than .05) 4% and 12% specific lysis of adenocarcinoma cells at target:effector ratios of 1:10 and 1:50, respectively. Kupffer-cell-mediated tumoricidal activity was depressed on day 1 following a single IV injection of glucan. By day 3 postglucan, the antitumor activity of Kupffer cells returned to control levels and was enhanced on days 5 and 10. Following multiple IV injections of glucan on days -5, -3, and -1, Kupffer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was elevated on days 1 and 4. These observations demonstrate that resting Kupffer cells are significantly cytotoxic to adenocarcinoma cells at T:E ratios of 1:10 and 1:50 and following a transient inhibition of Kupffer-cell-mediated tumoricidal activity, glucan was effective in significantly enhancing the antitumor activity of Kupffer cells. PMID- 3474335 TI - Transient suppression of the zymosan-induced chemiluminescence produced by bone marrow cells during a subcutaneous nonspecific inflammation in the mouse. AB - The oxidative metabolism of remote phagocytes has been studied during the course of an acute nonspecific inflammation in the mouse. The bone marrow cells (BMC) from mice bearing a polyacrylamide-microbead-induced granuloma (Biogels P4 and P100) show a transient striking decrease of their chemiluminescence (CL) response to opsonized zymosan. This decreased oxidative response occurs between the third and 72nd hr, with a minimum observed at the 24th hr. Bone marrow granulocytes are assessed to represent the main chemiluminescent BMC compartment, using complement mediated cytotoxicity assays with a monoclonal antimouse granulocyte antibody. Biogel P4-treated mice, but not Biogel P100-treated ones, show at the 24th hr a significantly decreased percentage of segmented bone marrow granulocytes (-45%, P less than .001). The accurate mechanisms involved in this transient suppression of stimulus-induced CL produced by BMC remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3474336 TI - Effects of acute graft-vs-host disease on the liver of the brown Norway rat. AB - In this study we examined the effects of acute graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD) on the Brown Norway (BN) rat liver. When clinical signs of the disease appeared, rats were inoculated with fluorescent latex beads and 30 min later nonparenchymal cells were isolated from the liver. The cells were then analyzed via flow cytometry, histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Flow cytometry demonstrated that 58% of the cells from the 80 ml/min elutriation fraction (normally rich in Kupffer cells) of the non-GVHD liver had high fluorescence intensity compared to 8% in rats with aGVHD. Determination of the cellular composition of the various fractions with electron microscopy confirmed flow cytometry observations in that only 9% of the 80 ml/min elutriation fraction of GVHD livers had peroxidase positive rough ER and the morphological appearance of macrophages as compared to 60% in the non-GVHD liver. The low percentage of fluorescent-positive Kupffer cells in the 80 ml/min elutriation fraction of the GVHD liver is attributed to a massive lymphocytic invasion of the liver and not necessarily to a defect in the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 3474337 TI - Changes in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in relation to their induction into the peritoneal cavity. AB - The synthesis and function of dermatan sulfate in peritoneal polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were studied. The peritoneal PMN leukocytes were obtained at 4,8, and 16 h after guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with caseinate solution, and were incubated with [35S] sulfate or [3H] glucosamine on plastic. The total glycosaminoglycan synthesis and the proportion of dermatan sulfate to total glycosaminoglycans linearly increased with time. In order to clarify the function of the increased dermatan sulfate, peritoneal PMN leukocytes were cultured with [35S] sulfate on plastic or collagen gel. The total glycosaminoglycan synthesis on the collagen gel culture increased 1.5 times compared with that on the plastic culture, and especially, dermatan sulfate synthesis increased twofold. In addition, 65% of dermatan sulfate on the collagen gel culture was found in the cell and the collagenase-soluble fractions. These results indicate that proteodermatan sulfate synthesized by PMN leukocytes interacts with collagen in vitro, and suggest that PMN leukocytes, which migrated to the inflammatory locus, lastly adhere to the injured tissue through the interaction of proteodermatan sulfate synthesized by themselves with collagen fibers exposed in the inflammatory locus. PMID- 3474338 TI - Neutrophil dysfunction in the rabbit model of spur cell anemia. AB - In the rabbit model for spur cell anemia, animals fed a 5% cholesterol diet develop marked hypercholesterolemia and hemolytic spur cell anemia after several weeks on the diet. In vitro tests of granulocytes showed a 15% increase in cholesterol: phospholipid ratio, and decreased membrane fluidity measured with a fluorescent probe. Function tests revealed impairment of adherence, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis. Both a plasma factor and an intrinsic cellular defect appeared to contribute to the abnormal adherence. Bactericidal activity was normal. In vivo demargination in response to epinephrine was increased in animals on the diet, but exudation of granulocytes into sterile peritonitis fluid was diminished to 39.4% of control at 8 hours. Therefore, rabbits with experimental spur cell anemia have impaired in vitro and in vivo granulocyte function. The clinical significance of these findings for patients with spur cell anemia and less severe alcoholic liver disease is uncertain. PMID- 3474340 TI - Aspergillosis in acute hepatic failure. AB - Six (16.7%) out of 36 acute hepatic failure patients were associated with aspergillus infection mainly in the lungs (4 pneumonia and 2 fungus balls), which might be the cause of death in 4 cases. Preventive and therapeutic approaches following the early diagnosis have not been performed in all the cases. Fungal infection in hepatic failure should be considered to a greater extent to achieve a higher survival rate in this disease. PMID- 3474339 TI - Heterogeneity of human natural killer (NK) cells: enrichment of NK by negative selection with the lectin from Erythrina cristagalli. AB - A novel technique for the isolation and enrichment of human natural killer (NK) cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) is described. Negative selection of MNC with the lectin from Erythrina cristagalli (ECA), whether by panning or agglutination in solution, resulted in a population of lymphocytes (5 20% of original MNC) highly enriched in cells exhibiting NK function. This enrichment was evident by a significant increase (range of 3-50-fold) in cells with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology, K562 tumor-binding cells, cytotoxic activity, and cells expressing NK phenotypic markers (Leu 11+, OKM1+). Analysis of the cytolytic specificity of the cells demonstrated that the lytic spectrum was typical of endogenous NK. The effector cells were responsive to augmentation of cytotoxic potential by lymphokines (IL-2, IFN alpha, and IFN gamma) and capable of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ECA negative [ECA(-)] cells were equivalent to NK isolated by Percoll gradient fractionation. NK heterogeneity was demonstrated by the observation of a small percentage (1-5% of MNC) of NK in the ECA(+) population. This technique was found to be advantageous for the study of NK heterogeneity and NK biology. PMID- 3474341 TI - Inability of fructose 1,6-diphosphate to reduce myocardial infarct size. AB - Fructose 1,6-diphosphate has been reported to reduce ischemic damage following coronary artery occlusion. To further evaluate fructose 1,6-diphosphate, we studied its effect on myocardial infarct size in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Twenty min following left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, the animals received a constant infusion of either normal saline or fructose 1,6 diphosphate. Six hours following coronary artery ligation, the animals were killed and the hearts were sectioned from base to apex. Area at risk, infarct size, and infarct size expressed as a percentage of the area at risk were determined. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate had no effect on the amount of necrosis following coronary artery ligation. The area of necrosis expressed as a percentage of the left ventricle was similar in control (26 +/- 3%) and treated groups (24 +/- 4%). The area of necrosis expressed as a percentage of the area at risk was also similar in control and treated groups. Thus, in this model of myocardial ischemia, fructose 1,6-diphosphate does not reduce myocardial infarct size. PMID- 3474342 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of enflurane and isoflurane by sister chromatid exchange. AB - Chinese hamster lung cells were exposed to varying doses of enflurane and isoflurane mixed with oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Anesthetic concentrations varied between 0.5% and 4.0%. Controls were exposed to room air and 5% carbon dioxide. Following culturing and preparation, the number of sister chromatid exchanges were counted for each concentration. No significant difference occurred between the control and any of the drug exposed cultures. There was no correlation in the number of exchanges with the varying drug concentrations. Enflurane and isoflurane do not appear to be mutagenic under these conditions. PMID- 3474343 TI - Internal resorption in human teeth--a histological, scanning electron microscopic, and enzyme histochemical study. PMID- 3474344 TI - Reaction of pulpal immunoglobulins to oral microorganisms by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 3474345 TI - An ultrastructural investigation of the human apical pulp in irreversible pulpitis. I. Nerves. PMID- 3474346 TI - Further investigation of spreader loads required to cause vertical root fracture during lateral condensation. PMID- 3474347 TI - Apexification of immature apices of pulpless permanent anterior teeth with calcium hydroxide. PMID- 3474348 TI - Comparison of erysipelas and odontogenic cellulitis. PMID- 3474349 TI - Removal of hard paste fillings from the root canal by ultrasonic instrumentation. PMID- 3474350 TI - Pulpal destruction of neoplastic etiology. PMID- 3474351 TI - Gene analysis and the clinical chemist. AB - Knowledge of gene analysis methods and concepts will be important to the clinical chemist in the near future. Currently most gene analyses must be performed by indirect techniques, using polynucleotide probes hybridizing close to or on the disease gene but not on the position of the mostly unknown gene mutation (restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis). The sensitivity and specificity of such assays are affected by biological and methodologic factors, and are being continually improved. Preventive medicine is a promising area for gene analysis which will possibly fit well into the domain of clinical chemistry. The application of nucleotide hybridization analysis in tissue matching for organ transplantation, and in the detection and differential diagnosis of malignancies is in its early stages. A very promising, and rapidly emerging, technology is the direct detection and differentiation by gene probing of bacteria and viruses in medical microbiology. Guidelines for the ethical problems of gene analysis already exist within the field of medical ethics. PMID- 3474352 TI - HLA-A,B,C and DR in Chinese with psoriasis: relation to age of onset and clinical expression of the disease. PMID- 3474353 TI - Further characterization of phage T1 DNA clones. AB - A series of phage T1 DNA clones containing Sau3A fragments of 1 kb or more were tested for their ability to rescue the defects of amber mutations representing all known T1 genes. Rescue was detected by either complementation or recombination. These data have extended the correlation of the T1 genetic and physical maps and provided more conclusive proof that the large map distances at the left end of the genetic map reflect both increased physical separation of the known genetic markers and enhanced recombination and that the right and left chromosomal ends are recombinogenic to the same extent. PMID- 3474354 TI - Treatment of hyperlipidemia with gemfibrozil. PMID- 3474355 TI - Teniposide plus cytarabine improves outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with a leukocyte count greater than or equal to 100 x 10(9)/L. AB - Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an initial leukocyte count greater than or equal to 100 X 10(9)/L responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. To extend event-free survival (EFS) in this disease, we devised a protocol that specifies intensive 2-week courses of teniposide (VM-26, 165 mg/m2) plus cytarabine (ara-C, 300 mg/m2), before and immediately after standard 4-week remission induction therapy with prednisone, vincristine, and L-asparaginase. The VM-26 and ara-C combination was also administered intermittently for the first year of continuation treatment with oral 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate. CNS prophylaxis consisted of periodic intrathecal (IT) injections of methotrexate and delayed cranial irradiation. At a median follow-up of 4 years, the estimated EFS rate for 57 consecutive patients with leukocyte counts of 100 to 1,000 X 10(9)/L was 44%, compared with 10% for matched controls (P less than .001). Remission induction rates in the two groups were similar (82% v 72%, P = .16). Twenty-five patients in the VM-26/ara-C group have survived without adverse events for 2.7 to 6.8 years, whereas only nine of the controls achieved more than a year of EFS. The most common complications during early treatment were acute hyperkalemia from rapid tumor cell lysis and infections due to prolonged marrow aplasia. Continuation chemotherapy was well tolerated. We conclude that VM-26 plus ara-C, added to each phase of an otherwise basic regimen of chemotherapy, will substantially improve prognosis in this high-risk form of childhood leukemia. PMID- 3474356 TI - Prognostic factors in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - The prognostic significance of initial clinical and laboratory parameters was evaluated in 125 children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) treated on two consecutive protocols (VAPA and 80-035). Both protocols used an anthracycline with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) for induction therapy followed by 12 to 14 months of intensive sequential postremission chemotherapy. Results are similar for the two treatment regimens. Seventy-two percent of patients achieved a complete remission, with 42% projected 5-year disease-free survival for the complete responders. Monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemic subtype (French American-British [FAB] types M4 and M5), WBC count less than 100,000/microL, and age less than 2 years at diagnosis all predicted increased risk of relapse and decreased overall survival in univariate analyses. FAB subtype and high white count continued to predict for an increased risk of relapse in multivariate analyses and only M5 leukemic subtype independently predicted for poor survival. Patients with M4 or M5 leukemic subtype had a higher incidence of initial relapses in the CNS. The addition of intrathecal cytosine arabinoside in the second protocol, 80-035, decreased the percentage of patients with initial failure in the CNS, but did not improve overall survival. Improved CNS prophylaxis, better systemic therapy, and/or different treatment strategies are needed to improve therapy in these high-risk patients. PMID- 3474357 TI - Acute leukemia during pregnancy: the Toronto Leukemia Study Group experience with long-term follow-up of children exposed in utero to chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The incidence of acute leukemia in pregnancy is low and even referral centers have limited experience. Although the short-term risks for children exposed in utero to cytotoxic agents are predictable, there is no information on long-term complications. We report here our experience in the treatment of seven cases of acute leukemia diagnosed during pregnancy, and a literature review of 51 cases published since 1975. Fifty-three patients received chemotherapy during their pregnancies. Forty-nine of the 58 cases resulted in the birth of 50 live infants. Twenty-eight infants were born prematurely, and four had low birth-weights for their gestational age. Thirty-three percent of the newborns exposed to chemotherapy in the last month of pregnancy were cytopenic at birth, but other perinatal complications were not increased. Only one child (present series) had obvious congenital malformations, and this same infant later developed a neuroblastoma arising in the adrenal gland and a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Follow-up data are not provided in most previously reported cases, but long-term follow-up of our cases from 1 to 17 years has shown normal growth and development and no further malignancies. A central registry is strongly advised in order to document the long-term complications arising in children exposed to chemotherapy in utero. PMID- 3474358 TI - Low-dose cytosine arabinoside in adult chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. PMID- 3474359 TI - Proto-oncogene structure and breast cancer prognosis. PMID- 3474360 TI - "High-risk" acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3474361 TI - Proto-oncogene abnormalities in human breast cancer: correlations with anatomic features and clinical course of disease. AB - DNAs from fifty-three primary breast cancers were hybridized with 16 different proto-oncogene or oncogene probes. Abnormalities of one or more of five proto oncogenes were found in fifty-eight percent of tumors at the time of mastectomy. Amplification of c-myc and c-erbB-2, and allelic deletions of c-ras-Ha and c-myb were the most common abnormalities. The presence of altered proto-oncogenes correlated with clinical stage of the cancers. Fifteen of 43 evaluable tumors of stages I to III recurred, and four of five evaluable stage IV tumors progressed within 16 to 24 months of surgery. All but one of the cancers that recurred or progressed had detectably altered proto-oncogenes (P less than .001). Analysis of proto-oncogenes may have prognostic value in breast cancer. PMID- 3474362 TI - Electron microscopic mapping of ameloblast modulation beginning from the smooth ended ameloblast after the transitional stage. PMID- 3474363 TI - Characteristics of the transient components in human parotid salivation. PMID- 3474364 TI - The correlation between the presence of dehiscence or fenestration and the severity of tooth attrition in contemporary dry Japanese adult skulls--Part I. PMID- 3474365 TI - Basic studies on visible light-curing resin as a denture base. Part 5--Its junctional strength with resin teeth. PMID- 3474366 TI - Biocompatibility of a resilient resin--a histological study in rats. PMID- 3474367 TI - Correlation between natural radiation exposure and cancer mortality (4). PMID- 3474368 TI - Primary pericardial mesothelioma detected by gallium-67 scintigraphy. AB - We present a case report of a 73-yr-old woman with progressive systemic sclerosis who showed extensive pericardial uptake of 67Ga by scintigraphy. At autopsy, primary pericardial mesothelioma was found. PMID- 3474369 TI - The nurse as advocate in everyday ethics. PMID- 3474370 TI - Enabling professional nursing practice in New York State. PMID- 3474371 TI - Goals, autonomy and professionalism. PMID- 3474372 TI - Oral and maxillofacial surgery manpower in the United States: current scope and future needs. PMID- 3474373 TI - Skeletal stability following mandibular advancement and rigid fixation. AB - Twenty non-growing subjects underwent sagittal ramus osteotomies and rigid fixation. Cephalograms were analyzed before surgery, immediately after surgery and at least six months following surgery to evaluate skeletal stability. A mean horizontal relapse of 0.42 mm (8%) and a mean vertical increase in lower face height of 0.2 mm were found six months after surgery. Both were statistically insignificant. The mean backward rotation of the mandible of 0.55 degrees found six months after surgery was statistically significant (P less than 0.015), but was considered to be clinically insignificant. The results of this study show that surgical mandibular advancement with rigid fixation is a very reliable and stable procedure. PMID- 3474374 TI - Intraosseous wire fixation versus rigid osseous fixation of mandibular fractures: a preliminary report. AB - While wire osteosynthesis has been the accepted modality to use with open reduction of mandibular fractures, several authors have suggested the use of more rigid techniques to achieve the same result while also eliminating adverse effects associated with prolonged maxillomandibular fixation. Few studies have directly compared the two techniques in a prospective manner. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate complications seen with wire osteosynthesis versus a small bone plating system in management of mandibular fractures. The results suggest that small bone plating systems similar to the one used in this study may serve as a suitable alternative to wire osteosynthesis for the management of mandibular parasymphysis, body, and angle fractures. The length of the procedure, the length of hospital stay, and patient comfort were comparable with the two techniques. Factors that may contribute to failure are: location of the fracture, poor patient compliance, length of time from the trauma to the repair, antibiotic choice, and most importantly, operator skill and experience. PMID- 3474375 TI - Restoration of bone discontinuities in dogs using a biodegradable implant. AB - A copolymer (polylactic acid: polyglycolic acid) was combined with a proteolipid (PL) and the resulting implant complex was rigidly fixed into discontinuities in the mandibles of 25 adult, foxhound dogs. Identically prepared control discontinuities in contralateral sites in the same animals were also rigidly fixed but did not receive the complex. At four, eight, 12, 24, and 40 weeks the dogs were killed and implant and controls were prepared for histomorphometry. Histomorphometric evaluation revealed a linear increase of bony reparative elements in the implants over 40 weeks that exceeded those of the nontreated control sites. The copolymer-PL implant, therefore, may provide an alternative to autogeneic and allogeneic bone substances. PMID- 3474376 TI - Primary amyloidosis: report of a case. PMID- 3474377 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis in monozygotic twins. PMID- 3474378 TI - Ganglion of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3474379 TI - Rhabdomyolysis in a patient with a mandibular fracture. PMID- 3474380 TI - Extensive osteoradionecrosis of the mandible associated with new bone formation. PMID- 3474381 TI - Surgical correction of longstanding bilateral extracapsular ankylosis of the mandible: report of a case. PMID- 3474382 TI - A simple technique for management of the high palatally impacted canine. PMID- 3474383 TI - Helkimo's index: a scale or just a set of symptoms? AB - This article discusses the validity of indices, exemplified by Helkimo index, by means of a critical analysis of the assumptions that should be made for constructing an index. General principles of scale construction are applied to test the adequacy of the scale-values used for five common clinical symptoms in the Helkimo Di index. These general principles postulate that in addition to identifying patients correctly, an effective scale should also discriminate normal subjects. It is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the general applicability of this index. Further research concerning the properties of the index is needed. It is suggested that, since Helkimo's Di index contains many valuable elements, the discussion should be directed to improving the existing scale rather than trying to construct a new one. PMID- 3474384 TI - The effect of function and rest on the amplitude of the TMJ click. AB - It has been suggested that simple resting and therapeutic exercises may be beneficial in reducing or eliminating clicking on the TMJ during mandibular movements. In the reported experiments the effects of short periods of exercise and rest on the amplitude of the TMJ clicking in non-dysfunction subjects was recorded and compared. This preliminary study suggests that the TMJ clicking sound is affected unpredictably under different imposed conditions. PMID- 3474385 TI - A new technique for measuring the radiopacity of natural tooth substance and restorative materials. AB - A technique was developed which utilized a visible-light spectrophotometer to measure the transmission of light through a radiograph. This was used to compare readings produced by an aluminium step-wedge and the material of which radiopacity was under investigation. This enabled the radiopacity of the material, be it tooth substance or restorative material, to be measured accurately. The radiopacity, on average, of fresh enamel was found to be 2.1 mm Al/1 mm enamel and that of dentine to be equivalent to 1.0 mm Al/1 mm dentine. PMID- 3474386 TI - Differences between sexes in maximum jaw opening when corrected to body size. AB - According to linear interincisal measurements, women have a smaller maximum jaw opening than men. In this study the difference was 2.7%. In contrast, epidemiological surveys indicate that women have a greater mobility of joints and generally more joint laxity. Covariate analysis was used to test for the difference between sexes in mean maximum passive opening adjusted according to group mean differences in other parameters of body size. The net result was that the values became more equal between sexes. A second method, employing a geometric estimation for the angle of maximum jaw opening, showed that women had a 5.4% wider range of jaw opening than men (P less than 0.057). This method avoided the problem of considering relative body size and body factors which generally correlated poorly with maximum opening. It should be noted that an increased range of opening is a measure of hyperextensibility and does not necessarily imply laxity or instability. PMID- 3474387 TI - Lateral and anterior-posterior mandibular position discrimination by normal subjects. AB - This study examined and compared lateral and anterior-posterior (A-P) mandibular position discrimination for a group of twenty normal subjects (mean age = 26 years). A specially designed and constructed sliding scale required subjects to position their mandible precisely in the horizontal plane and to try to discriminate differences in the control of their mandibular position. The results revealed that subjects are more sensitive in detecting changes in the lateral positioning of their mandible than in the A-P positions. Subjects' difference limen (DL) values (threshold of discrimination between two positions) in detecting changes in mandibular position to the right of centre was 1.59 mm, and to left of centre was 1.41 mm. Subjects' DL values obtained with the mandible forward, and back of, the reference position were 1.39 and 2.61 mm respectively. PMID- 3474388 TI - Stability of ceramic pigments for maxillofacial applications. AB - In this study samples made from pigmented porcelain and Silastic 44210 were evaluated for colour stability after accelerated ageing in order to determine the potential of coloured ceramic powders as maxillofacial pigments. These pigments demonstrated good clear colour stability compared with the same pigments which were not incorporated into a porcelain matrix. PMID- 3474389 TI - Richard T. Naughton, DDS. ODA President 1987-88. An interview with the president. PMID- 3474390 TI - Review of aseptic techniques. PMID- 3474391 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infections in health care workers. Oregon Health Division Communicable Disease summary--May 26, 1987. PMID- 3474392 TI - Multilocular radiolucencies (part II). PMID- 3474393 TI - Severe cardiopathy in branching enzyme deficiency. AB - A 7 1/2-year-old girl had exercise intolerance and exertional dyspnea. Four months later, congestive heart failure developed, with recurrent chylous pleural effusions, and she died at age 8 1/2 years. Endomyocardial biopsy tissue showed abundant PAS-positive, diastase-resistant cytoplasmic deposits. Similar inclusions were seen in muscle, skin, and liver specimens. Postmortem studies showed that the abnormal polysaccharide was especially abundant in heart and muscle, but was also present in all other tissues, including the central nervous system. Glycogen isolated from heart, muscle, and spinal cord showed a shift of the iodine spectrum toward higher than normal wavelengths. Branching enzyme activity was lacking in the muscle biopsy specimen and in all postmortem tissues; glycogenolytic enzymes had normal activities. These studies show that cardiomyopathy can be the first symptom of generalized branching enzyme deficiency and that the degree of accumulation of the abnormal polysaccharide may vary in different tissues. PMID- 3474394 TI - Growth inhibitory effects of endotoxins from Bacteroides gingivalis and intermedius on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Purified endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius caused a similar dose-dependent inhibition of growth of cultured human gingival fibroblasts as determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation and direct cell count. Approximately 200 micrograms/ml endotoxin caused a 50% reduction in 3H-thymidine uptake of logarithmically growing cells. Inhibition of growth was similar in cultures of fibroblasts derived from either healthy or diseased human gingiva. When examining the change in cell number with time of exposure in culture, the rate of proliferation was significantly suppressed during the logarithmic phase of growth. However, the cells recovered so that the rate of proliferation, although reduced, was sufficient to produce a cell density similar to the control cells with prolonged culture. The endotoxins were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The profiles of the Bacteroides endotoxins were different. B. gingivalis endotoxin showed a wide range of distinct bands indicating a heterogeneous distribution of molecular species. Endotoxin from B. intermedius exhibited a few discrete low molecular weight bands, but the majority of the lipopolysaccharides electrophoresed as a diffuse band of high molecular weight material. The apparent heterogeneity of the two Bacteroides endotoxins and the similarity in growth inhibitory capacity suggest that growth inhibitory effects of these substances cannot be attributed to any polysaccharide species of endotoxin. PMID- 3474395 TI - Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on gingiva. AB - A CO2 laser (Coherent Medical Model 400) was used to irradiate the gingival tissue of a cynomolgous monkey to determine laser effects on the epithelium and underlying connective tissue. A focal length of 400 mm and a 10-watt power setting at 0.2- and 0.5-second exposure was used. Biopsy results indicated that a 0.2-second duration of CO2 laser irradiation was inadequate to completely de epithelialize the gingival tissue. A 0.5-second exposure exhibited complete epithelial destruction with little or no disturbance of the underlying connective tissue layer and viable connective tissue 1.0 mm below the impact site. PMID- 3474396 TI - Acceptability of indigenous toothbrush materials among schoolchildren in Aguinaldo, Cavite. PMID- 3474397 TI - Diet, saliva, and dental caries in a Philippine population: a pilot study. PMID- 3474398 TI - Effects of combined toothbrushing and sweet diet limitation in dental caries prevention in a school setting after two-and-a-half years. PMID- 3474399 TI - A method for uniform seating pressure on castings during cementation. PMID- 3474400 TI - Restoration of posterior pulpless teeth: amalgam overlay versus cast gold onlay restoration. PMID- 3474402 TI - A scanning electron microscope comparison of microfilled fixed prosthodontic resins. PMID- 3474401 TI - Three-year clinical evaluation of composite formulations for posterior teeth. PMID- 3474403 TI - The effect of the temperature at quenching on the mechanical properties of casting alloys. PMID- 3474404 TI - Microleakage: the effect of storage and cycling duration. AB - This investigation revealed that the limited storage time or cycling durations used had no significant impact on the microleakage patterns of a resin-bonded composite in Class V preparations. Short-term cycling appears as effective in demonstrating marginal leakage as protracted cycling regimens. These findings may be helpful in interpreting and comparing various microleakage studies. PMID- 3474405 TI - An in vitro study of an electronic pantograph. PMID- 3474406 TI - An interim prosthesis for the glossectomy patient. AB - The use of a simple patient-held prosthesis for improving speech in a patient with mandible and tongue resections has been described. As subjectively perceived and objectively verified, speech intelligibility improved in a test patient. There were no apparent risks or lengthy therapy. The ease of fabrication and low cost indicate that this prosthesis may be of value in aiding the speech of glossectomy patients. PMID- 3474407 TI - Macrocellular silicone foam for mechanically retaining orbital prostheses. AB - The prosthesis processed with the technique described has a fitting surface that is smooth and glossy, a soft and uniformly compressible foam-filled mass to engage severe undercuts, and a lightweight mass for the completed prosthesis. The technique described increases laboratory time. However, the lightweight prosthesis provides intrinsic mechanical retention that justifies the extra time. Moreover, the controllable uniform compressibility of the foam-filled extension and the improved surface characteristics of the silicone fitting surface minimize the possibility of producing trauma while the prosthesis is inserted, worn, or removed by the patient. PMID- 3474408 TI - Prevalence of types of temporomandibular joint clickings in subjects with missing posterior teeth. PMID- 3474409 TI - The measurement and development of anterior guidance. PMID- 3474410 TI - Effect of clutch surface changes on the computerized pantographic reproducibility index and the Fischer angle. AB - This study of eight patients compared the pantographic numeric data obtained with a concave clutch with those obtained with a flat clutch. The slight alterations that resulted were insignificant and varied with each patient. The only difference between Depoorter's study and this one is the manual calculation of the EPRI compared with the computerized calculation of CPRI. Small variation was found in the value of the Fischer angle when the studies were compared. As shown in Depoorter's work, the shape of the clutch does not produce any significant changes in the recording of the posterior determinants. This conclusion is confirmed by this study for both the CPRI and the value of the Fischer angle. The concave clutch and the flat clutch reproduced similar results in both studies. By altering the central bearing pin and obtaining the same interclutch distance for both clutches, we obtained results in this study that refute the findings of Scortecci that a concave clutch was superior to a flat clutch. PMID- 3474411 TI - Dimensional stability of dentures processed in boilable acrylic resins: a comparative study. AB - An investigation was conducted to evaluate and compare the dimensional stability of three fast boilable denture resins with a conventional and a high-impact denture resin processed with a long-curing cycle. Although the boilable denture resins have been introduced to the dental profession and offer merits such as faster processing, saving time for the dentist, patient, and technician, reduction of energy costs, and dramatic increase in denture laboratory production without adding personnel or purchasing new equipment, the relevant dental literature is sparse. The results of this investigation indicate that all five denture resins produced dentures that shrink. Also measurements between certain teeth showed shrinkages. Linear shrinkages of denture bases and teeth distances were less than 1%. Flange-to-flange and molar-to-molar changes were less than 0.5 mm and 0.2 mm respectively. Maxillary complete dentures processed in boilable resins presented less distortion in the midpalatal area across the posterior section than dentures processed in the conventional heat-cured resin. Although linear changes reported in this investigation were thought to be clinically insignificant, clinical studies should be conducted to establish correlation with laboratory findings. PMID- 3474412 TI - Accuracy of zeroing the articulator. PMID- 3474413 TI - Clinical evaluation of four amalgam alloys. PMID- 3474414 TI - Effect of systemic intravenous infusion of PGF-2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF-2 alpha on the release of oxytocin-associated neurophysin from the ovary in the ewe. AB - Systemic intravenous infusion of physiological concentrations of PGF-2 alpha and its major metabolite, 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF-2 alpha (PGFM) into non-pregnant ewes possessing a corpus luteum induced the release of oxytocin-neurophysin. These results suggest that, during luteolysis, endogenous release of uterine PGF 2 alpha would be able to stimulate the release of ovarian oxytocin and oxytocin neurophysin from the ovary. PMID- 3474415 TI - Changes in plasma concentrations of arginine vasotocin after intrauterine injections of prostaglandin F-2 alpha and acetylcholine at various times during the oviposition cycle of the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus). AB - Prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF-2 alpha, 1 microgram) and acetylcholine (10 mg) were injected into the uterus of chickens 23, 21, 16, 8 or 4 h before expected oviposition. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin and PGF were measured in relation to the time of administration of PGF-2 alpha or acetylcholine or to the premature oviposition that was induced. PGF-2 alpha or acetylcholine administration caused premature oviposition and a marked increase in plasma arginine vasotocin levels only when an egg was present in the uterus. Changes in plasma PGF concentrations were not observed. After premature oviposition was induced, plasma values of PGF and arginine vasotocin increased at the expected time of oviposition. Manual stimulation of the uterus 4 h after oviposition also stimulated arginine vasotocin release. During spontaneous oviposition, a rise in plasma PGF concentration preceded increases in uterine contractility and plasma arginine vasotocin concentration. These results suggest that PGF may stimulate uterine contractility which in turn causes the release of arginine vasotocin to provide an additional contractile stimulus during oviposition. PMID- 3474417 TI - Oral presentation of undiagnosed and asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of a case. PMID- 3474416 TI - Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin and indomethacin on ovulation, steroidogenesis and prostaglandin synthesis in preovulatory follicles of PMSG primed immature rats. AB - Immature rats were treated with PMSG followed 56 h later by 10 i.u. hCG. Follicles were removed at intervals after hCG injection. Transient increases in progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol synthesis were first evident 1 h after hCG, but values peaked at 3-5 h and returned to control levels by 10 h. Increased synthesis of PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha was not evident until 3 h and peaked at more than 10 h after hCG. Ovulation began between 8 and 10 h after hCG and 83% of animals had ovulated within 12 h. Doses of 90 or 1800 micrograms indomethacin given together with hCG substantially inhibited ovulation and PG synthesis, but only the higher dose inhibited the hCG-induced elevation of progesterone and testosterone synthesis; hCG-induced oestradiol synthesis was not affected by either dose of indomethacin. We conclude that the peak of PG synthesis after hCG treatment related closely to the timing of ovulation; the steroidogenic response to hCG was not blocked by doses of indomethacin sufficient to inhibit synthesis of PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha by more than 80%. PMID- 3474418 TI - Prognostic significance of CFU-GM and karyotype study in 103 cases of untreated nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3474419 TI - Natural killer cell suppression of Friend virus-induced preleukemic hemopoietic stem cells. AB - To determine whether hemopoietic cells infected with Friend polycythemia-inducing spleen focus-forming virus (SFFVp) are conserved or suppressed via natural surveillance in leukemia-resistant adult mice, we engrafted C57BL/6 recipients with isologous transgenic (donor origin marker) or natural killer (NK) cell deficient B6 beige marrow cells exposed to SFFVp in vitro. Both groups of primary recipients were viremic and nonleukemic. Spleen cells from primary SFFVp-infected chimeras were engrafted into irradiated leukemia-susceptible secondary recipients to reveal dormant leukemia and grew as tumors of donor origin in 8 of 38 (21%) and 33 of 47 (70%) instances, respectively. Treatment of marrow donors and recipients with anti-asialo GM1 serum resulted in the depression of NK cell activity and the rapid development of dormant leukemia. We conclude that NK cells are an effective surveillance mechanism able to suppress SFFVp-induced preleukemic stem cells. PMID- 3474421 TI - Epididymitis: aspects concerning etiology and treatment. AB - Extended microbiological studies were performed on 49 patients with acute or chronic epididymitis, including bacteriology of epididymal specimens in cases of scrotal surgery. In no patient had instrumentation or catheterization resulted in epididymitis. The microbiological data showed a prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis epididymal infections in men less than 40 years old, whereas common urinary tract pathogens prevailed in older patients. Cultures of urethral swabs and midstream urine provided reliable information on the type of microorganism that caused epididymitis. Ofloxacin, an antibiotic of the new quinolone group, was proved to be highly effective in the treatment of acute and chronic bacterial as well as chlamydial epididymitis. PMID- 3474422 TI - HIV antibody prevalence data derived from study of Massachusetts infants. PMID- 3474420 TI - Virus attenuation and identification of structural proteins of vaccinia virus that are selectively modified during virus persistence. AB - To investigate the genetic stability of vaccinia virus DNA, we have tested whether alterations occurred in the polypeptide composition of this complex virus during persistent infections. We found that variants isolated at various passages in Friend erythroleukemia cells persistently infected with vaccinia virus contained, in addition to an 8-megadalton (MDa) deletion on the left terminus of the viral genome, major alterations in the sizes of three structural proteins with molecular masses of about 39, 21, and 14 kDa. Alterations in isoelectric points were also observed in proteins of 48, 27, and 14 kDa. The 14-kDa protein is part of the virus envelope, and the variants increased the size of this protein from 0.5 to 3 kDa with increasing passage number. Alteration in size of the 14-kDa protein is a dominant trait since it appeared in the whole virus population by passage 48. With more passages, some variants were found to increase or decrease the size of a 39-kDa core protein by about 2 kDa and to decrease the size of an envelope protein of 21 kDa by about 2 kDa. These three proteins were immunogenic in mice and elicited a strong host immune response. Major alterations in the sizes of these proteins were prevented by continuous treatment of the persistently infected cultures with interferon. However, after interferon was removed, protein modifications appeared with increasing passage number. Generation of the 8-MDa deletion and alterations in the size of the 14 kDa protein correlated with a marked decrease in virulence of these variants. Our findings suggest that during virus persistence, specific mutations are introduced in the vaccinia virus genome that lead to protein alterations and to highly attenuated viruses. PMID- 3474423 TI - Tracing HIV-infected blood recipients: large-scale recipient screening vs look back testing. PMID- 3474424 TI - Autopsy. A comprehensive review of current issues. Council on Scientific Affairs. AB - This report reviews the effects of decreased utilization of autopsy (less than 15% in 1985) on medical education and research, quality assurance programs, insurance claims processing, and cost containment. Recommendations to promote change include the innovative integration of postmortem examinations with new technology for education and research and the promotion of standards of accreditation of programs that include autopsy for graduate and undergraduate medical education. The use of autopsy to assess technological methods of diagnosis seems to be a reasonable expectation. Methods of reimbursement to validate autopsy as a medical act should be sought, and voluntary and government regulation to assure the role of autopsy in quality assurance programs is suggested. PMID- 3474425 TI - AMA House of Delegates adopts comprehensive measures on AIDS. PMID- 3474426 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the San Francisco Bay area. PMID- 3474427 TI - Body cell mass in cancer-bearing and anorexic patients. AB - We used a sensitive whole body counter which measures potassium-40 (40K) to determine total body potassium and to estimate body cell mass (BCM) in 104 previously untreated patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancies, 233 normal volunteers, and 18 patients with anorexia nervosa. BCM was greater in normal males than in females. In both normal males and females, the BCM tended to decrease with age, both as an absolute measure and as a percentage of body weight. Anorexia nervosa patients experienced marked weight loss (30.5%), and had significant depletion of absolute BCM, but exhibited relative sparing of BCM as indicated by a rise in BCM as a percentage of body weight. This may reflect a normal adaptation and predominant fat utilization in chronic malnutrition. The cancer patients, on the other hand, had significant weight loss (12.7% for females, 13.9% for males) and demonstrated a proportional decline in BCM, with no change in BCM as a percentage of body weight. These findings support the contention that, in the cancer-bearing patient, weight loss consists of a significant depletion of both fat and BCM. The challenge to the clinicians caring for cancer patients is repletion of this supremely functional body compartment. PMID- 3474428 TI - [Prophylactic effects of cefmenoxime against postoperative infections after thoracotomy. Studies of cefmenoxime transfer from serum to pleural fluid and of clinical effects of cefmenoxime]. AB - Cefmenoxime (CMX) at a dose of 1 g was administered intravenously to each of 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy, and concentrations of CMX in the serum and pleural fluid were measured. Serum concentration of CMX reached its peak of 43.71 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and decreased to 4.15 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after the administration. The concentration of CMX in the pleural fluid reached its peak of 7.61 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and decreased slowly 5.26 micrograms/ml at 7 hours after the administration. A clinical study with 21 patients was performed to evaluate the effect of CMX as a prophylactic antimicrobial agent in thoracotomy. Patients received intravenous administration of 4 g/day of CMX for 7-10 days following operations. Each patient was evaluated daily for fever, sign of allergic reaction, and wound infection and other symptoms. No apparent infection occurred in those clinical patients except 1 patient with a suspected infection, and 1 case of allergic reaction as exanthema was observed during this study. Prophylactic effect of CMX against postoperative infection after thoracotomy was good. PMID- 3474429 TI - [In vitro antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in chronic respiratory tract infections]. AB - Serum and sputum levels of ofloxacin (OFLX) were measured in 5 patients with chronic respiratory tract infections and were compared with antibacterial activity in vitro. Sputum OFLX levels higher than the MIC's against H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae were maintained during the period when daily oral administrations were continued. The MIC70 of OFLX against S. aureus was under 0.78 microgram/ml and the MIC70 of OFLX against P. aeruginosa was 1.56 micrograms/ml. The maximum OFLX levels in sputum were higher than these MIC's during the period when 200-300 mg X 2 times/day oral administrations were maintained. From these results, OFLX was considered to be effective and useful for the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3474430 TI - [Clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of ceftizoxime. Observation from MIC and ceftizoxime disc susceptibility test]. AB - In vitro activities of ceftizoxime (CZX) against 328 clinical isolates were determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6) cfu/ml. CZX was highly active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris with MIC values below 0.20 microgram/ml. It was also active against Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes with MIC85 of 3.13 micrograms/ml. CZX was less active against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, showing inhibitory activities against only 47 and 78% of these clinical isolates, respectively, at a dose level of 12.5 micrograms/ml. CZX was not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The reliability of CZX disc diffusion susceptibility tests for quantitative estimation of antimicrobial activities was also investigated using 8 mm diameter discs (Showa) and 6 mm diameter discs (Eiken), both of which contained 30 micrograms/disc of CZX. These disc susceptibility test results were well correlated with MICs, hence the CZX disc susceptibility test should be useful for the estimation of proper dose levels of CZX, except against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. For the interpretation of CZX disc tests, a 3 category system has been used in USA and Europe, but a 4 category system is generally used in Japan. The 3 category system uses break points to classify bacteria into 3 categories of susceptibility according to MIC values as follows: resistant (R) MIC greater than 32 micrograms/ml, moderately susceptible (MS) MIC 16-32 micrograms/ml, and susceptible (S) MIC less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474431 TI - [Genetics and epidemiology of retinoblastoma]. AB - Recent studies of genetic epidemiology of retinoblastoma are reviewed, and major conclusions drawn are as follows: Retinoblastoma occurs in heritable or nonheritable form. The primary genetic change in the heritable form is a point mutation or deletion at a locus on 13 q 14. For the genesis of a tumor in either form, the loss or inactivation of both alleles at this locus is a prerequisite, although additional events may be needed for its development. Information about environmental risk factors for the occurrence of heritable or nonheritable retinoblastoma is still meager. Although viral etiology for nonheritable tumor cannot be excluded, an extensive epidemiologic study revealed no seasonal variation in the births of 675 patients with sporadic unilateral cases, a great majority of which may be regarded as due to somatic mutation. Moreover, there was no paternal age effect at all on the occurrence of 225 sporadic bilateral cases. Paternal exposure to ionizing radiation or chemical mutagens, which should have an accumulated effect with advancing age, does not seem to play a major role in the production of germinal mutation at the Rb locus. Family studies show that host resistance genes at other loci can modify the process of tumor development when the primary genetic change is already present in all the target cells. Unaffected gene carriers may be regarded as inherently resistant to tumor formation, whereas persons who present early onset of bilateral tumors are the most susceptible. In certain families, however, non-expression in the carriers may be due to chromosomal rearrangement in a balanced state. PMID- 3474432 TI - [Chromosome instability and cancer]. AB - Chromosome instability is considered to be a probable candidate for a genetic predisposition to cancer. In order to confirm association of heritable fragile sites with cancer, an epidemiologic survey study was conducted which compared their incidence between patients of leukemia and allied diseases, and healthy subjects. The total incidence was 3.2% and 6.0% in patients and controls, which seemed to indicate that the carrier state of a fragile site is not a risk factor for cancer development. However the cases detected in the study were individually quite interesting: One was a coincident case of fra (16) (q22) and inversion of chromosome 16, and another was a coincidence of homozygous fra (17) (p12) and familial clustering of cancers. Chromosome instability, including the fragile sites, should be paid further attentions with respect to its role in the etiology of cancer. PMID- 3474433 TI - [Long-term survival in an elderly patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia]. AB - A 79-year-old patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2 type in FAB), who has survived more than 5 years, is reported. She was admitted because of fever and anemia. Her white blood cell count was 6200/mm3 with 58% blasts. Bone marrow aspiration showed a nucleated cell count of 26 X 10(4)/mm with 84% blasts, Complete remission was achieved within one month by DCMP two-step method therapy. She relapsed in the third and fifth years after initial therapy. Because leukemic change is atypical, she was treated with a low dose of Ara-C therapy, resulting in complete remission. In cases of acute myelobastic leukemia in elderly patients, long-term survival is rare. However in this case, follow-up has succeeded for 5 years. This patient is the oldest case of acute myeloblastic leukemia ever reported in Japan. PMID- 3474434 TI - [An autopsy case of severe miliary tuberculosis in a patient with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL)]. AB - A 58-year-old Japanese man being diagnosed as having ALL suffered from continuous fever and dysfunction of the liver and kidneys despite being in a state of haematological remission. Further clinical investigations, however had not been able to find the causes of his condition before his death. The autopsy revealed severe miliary tuberculosis affecting many organs including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, thyroid gland, pancreas, bone marrow, and central nervous system, which is compatible with multiple organ failures. Recent pharmacological advances have increased the usage of many kinds of antineoplastic drugs, and this has resulted in increased chances of opportunistic infections by various microorganisms in the course of treatment. The present case implies the significance of the reactivation of tuberculosis in the secondary immunodeficient syndrome (SIDS). PMID- 3474435 TI - Genetic recombination between multiple markers of bacteriophage T4. III. A mutation which blocks a structural change of DNA required for strand exchange. AB - T4 phage mutation MCO5 is a non-lethal recessive mutation which blocks recombination between multiple closely linked markers and links to genes 24 and 25. The three-factor cross, which required double exchange flanking the central marker for the formation of wild type recombinant, was blocked by MCO5 mutation. The blockage was restored by the UV irradiation of the parental phage carrying single mutation but not by the UV irradiation of the parental phage carrying double mutation. The MCO5 mutant reduced the rescue of the markers of UV irradiated phage, although it had normal levels of sensitivity to UV in both single and multiple infections. From these results, it is concluded that MCO5 mutation blocks a structural change of DNA which is necessary for receiving DNA segment. PMID- 3474436 TI - A population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer. AB - A population-based case-control interview study of thyroid cancer (159 cases and 285 controls) was conducted in Connecticut. Prior radiotherapy to the head or neck was reported by 12% of the cases and 4% of the controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-6.9]. Risk was inversely related to age at irradiation and was highest among children exposed under age 10. Few persons born after 1945 received prior radiotherapy, consistent with the declining use of radiation to treat benign conditions in the 1950's. Among females the radiogenic risk appeared to be potentiated by the number of subsequent live-births. Other significant risk factors included a history of benign thyroid nodules (OR = 33) or goiter (OR = 5.6). Miscarriage and multiparity increased risk but only among women who developed thyroid cancer before age 35 years. Consumption of shellfish (a rich source of iodine) seemed to increase the risk of follicular thyroid cancer, whereas consumption of goitrogen-containing vegetables appeared to reduce risk of total thyroid cancer, possibly because of their cruciferous nature. A significantly low risk was observed among persons of English descent, whereas Italian ancestry appeared to increase risk. No significant associations were found with a number of suspected risk factors: diagnostic x-rays, radioactive isotope scans, occupational radiation exposure, tonsillectomy, Jewish ethnicity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, lactation suppressants, menopausal estrogens, most other common medications, and water source. New associations were suggested for obesity among females (OR = 1.5), surgically treated benign breast disease (OR = 1.6), use of spironolactone (OR = 4.3) or vitamin D supplements (OR = 1.8), and a family history of thyroid cancer (OR = 5.2). About 9% of the incident thyroid cancers could be attributed to prior head and neck irradiation, 4% to goiter, and 17% to thyroid nodular disease, leaving the etiology of most thyroid cancers yet to be explained. PMID- 3474437 TI - Serum selenium and the risk of cancer, by specific sites: case-control analysis of prospective data. AB - From 1971 to 1975, serum specimens were obtained from 6,860 men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Since then, the following numbers of newly diagnosed cases with epithelial cancer have been identified: 82 colon, 71 lung, 66 stomach, 32 rectum, and 29 urinary bladder. The stored sera of the 280 cases and of 293 randomly selected controls were tested to determine their levels of selenium. There was no association of serum selenium with lung, stomach, or rectal cancer. An increase in relative risk (RR) was noted only for subjects in the lowest quintile of selenium values, as compared to the RR for subjects in the highest quintile, for colon (RR = 1.8) and urinary bladder cancer (RR = 3.1), but neither of these RR estimates was statistically significant (P = .09 and P = .07, respectively). Further work is needed to determine whether the antioxidant properties of selenium protect against specific types of cancer. PMID- 3474438 TI - Significance of DNA cross-links on 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl-3-(2 chloroethyl)-3- nitrosourea (ACNU)-induced cytotoxicity against ACNU-sensitive and -resistant lines of 9L rat glioma cells. AB - The formation and removal of DNA cross-links caused by treatment with 1-(4-amino 2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitr osourea (ACNU) were assayed by the technique of alkaline elution for DNA in comparison with the cytotoxicities in ACNU-sensitive rat 9L cells or ACNU-resistant subclones of 9L cells (9L/R cells). The ACNU-resistant 9L/R cells appeared to be about 16 times more resistant against ACNU than were the 9L cells. The DNA cross-links immediately after the treatment with ACNU were not detectable in 9L or 9L/R cells. Although the level of cross-links for 9L cells had reached a maximum at 6 hours and then persisted at almost the same level as that at 24 hours after the treatment with ACNU, the level for 9L/R cells was very low at 6 hours and then gradually decreased at 24 hours after treatment with ACNU. Inhibition of the formation of DNA interstrand cross-links caused by the treatment with ACNU might be a factor for the ACNU resistance in 9L/R cells. Also, the capacity for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links might participate in the mechanisms of the ACNU resistance in 9L/R cells. PMID- 3474439 TI - Concurrent measurements of blood flow and transcapillary transport in xenotransplanted human gliomas in immunosuppressed rats. AB - Neonatal Fischer 344 rats were immunosuppressed with antithymocyte serum and later were given an injection intracerebrally of cells from the human glioma permanent line D-54MG. Symptomatic tumor-bearing rats were studied with double label quantitative autoradiography to concurrently measure blood flow and a unidirectional blood-to-tissue transfer constant (K) for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). A net extraction fraction (En) was calculated from the measured values for blood flow and K. Mean whole tumor blood flow was 53.5 +/- 4.9 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- SEM), which was significantly less than the blood flow to the tumor-free cortex (198 +/- 15.5 ml/100 g/min) but not significantly different from the blood flow in the tumor-free corpus callosum (50.6 +/- 4.3 ml/100 g/min). Mean whole tumor K-value for AIB was 5.8 +/- 0.5 ml/100 g/min, approximately 30 times the K-value for tumor-free brain. The calculated mean whole tumor En was 0.2 +/- 0.09, nearly 100 times the value for the tumor-free brain. Regionally, blood flow was lower in the tumor center and higher in its tumor periphery, although the difference was not significant. Both K- and En values were significantly higher for the tumor center and decreased radially for the areas from center out. The values for K and En of AIB in the D-54MG gliomas are the highest of any experimental brain tumor model studied to date and indicate that in some tumor regions in this model, blood-to-tissue transport of the water-soluble compound AIB may be dependent on blood flow as well as on the permeability-surface area product of the tumor capillaries. PMID- 3474440 TI - Occupation and lung cancer risk among New Jersey white males. AB - The association of occupation with lung cancer risk was examined in a case control study conducted in six areas of New Jersey. The study included 763 white males with incident histologically confirmed primary cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung and 900 general population white male controls selected from driver's license and death certificate files. Altogether, 27 employment categories had a smoking-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 or greater; five of these with significantly high OR contributed to an occupational population attributable risk of 13%. Masons and tilesetters; janitors and cleaners; printing workers; and trucking service, warehousing, and storage workers had significantly high risks overall and for longer durations of employment. Shipbuilding workers had significantly high risk overall and for short duration of employment. Although the excess risk for all shipbuilding workers was primarily among those with reported exposure to asbestos, the risk was also high among welders, burners, sheet metal workers, and boilermakers with no reported asbestos exposure. PMID- 3474441 TI - In vivo activation of nude mouse macrophages by human melanoma cells. AB - Human melanoma cell lines inoculated ip in outbred nude mice were found to activate locally macrophages, which became tumoricidal for the EL 4 target cells in a 48-hour [3H]thymidine cytotoxicity assay. However, the kinetics of this activation largely depended on the tumorigenicity of the cell line used. One week after inoculation with a poorly tumorigenic cell line (PTCL), peritoneal macrophages showed a maximal tumoricidal activity, which then slowly declined to disappear on the 4th week. Macrophages obtained after inoculation of a highly tumorigenic cell line (HTCL) were also activated, but the level of their tumoricidal activity was somewhat lower and decreased more rapidly. Irradiated melanoma cells were also able to activate peritoneal macrophages. The inoculation of a higher number of melanoma cells (less than or equal to 8 X 10(7) cells) resulted in a parallel increase in the cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages when activated by PTCL and in a parallel decrease when activated by HTCL. Activated macrophages taken 1 week after tumor cell inoculation and further kept in vitro without additional stimulation progressively lost their tumoricidal activity, within 48 hours after being harvested from PTCL-inoculated mice and within 24 hours after being collected from HTCL-inoculated animals. These data allied to the in vivo capacity of peritoneal cells rich in activated macrophages to prevent the growth of HTCL in nude mice strongly leaned toward the idea that macrophages are involved in the tumor growth control in the absence of a specific immune response. In addition, tumor-macrophage interactions are likely to vary from tumor to tumor and may contribute to the expression of the xenografting capacity of human tumor cells. PMID- 3474442 TI - Effect of vitamin A nutriture on experimental esophageal carcinogenesis. AB - The effect of mild vitamin A deficiency or vitamin A supplementation on methylbenzylnitrosamine (MBN; CAS: 937-40-6)-induced esophageal carcinogenesis was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were fed semipurified diets containing levels of retinyl acetate, which were adequate (2.2 mg/kg diet), deficient (0.30 mg/kg diet), or supplemented (29.9 mg/kg diet) with respect to vitamin A content. Carcinogen-treated rats received 2.5 mg MBN/kg (body wt) twice a week for 5 weeks; they were then sacrificed for evaluation of esophageal tumorigenesis 15 weeks later. Liver levels of retinol reflected vitamin A nutriture, but there were no clinical signs of deficiency or toxicity. There were no significant differences in the frequency or incidence of esophageal tumors (either carcinomas or papillomas) among the dietary groups. There was also no indication that either vitamin A deficiency or vitamin A supplementation influenced the formation of preneoplastic lesions. Although the time was short for the neoplastic development, tumors were observed. These data suggest that vitamin A is selective in tissues it may protect from cancer induction and that the esophagus is less involved than other tissues. PMID- 3474443 TI - Effect of some anticancer drugs on the surface membrane electrical properties of differentiated murine neuroblastoma cells. AB - The effect of some anticancer agents that produce toxic effects on electrically excitable cells in vivo was studied in vitro with the use of differentiated N1E 115 murine neuroblastoma cells and single microelectrode electrical recording. In the presence of 10(-7) g/ml tetrodotoxin, following the release of 500 millisecond conditioning hyperpolarization, the cells exhibited Ca2+-dependent action potentials. Local application to N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells of cisplatin (cis-PDD) for 30 seconds from a drug-containing effusion pipette produced a dose dependent reversible inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent action potential, with a 61% inhibition at 1.7 microM and 67% inhibition at 17 microM cis-PDD. trans Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and platinic(IV) chloride, both of which lacked the growth inhibitory properties of cis-PDD against N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, at concentrations of 170 and 120 microM produced only an 11 and 19% inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent action potential, respectively. Vincristine at a concentration of 1 microM reversibly inhibited the Ca2+-dependent action potential by 48%. 3' Deamino-3'-(3''-cyano-4''-morpholinyl)doxorubicin, a more potent experimental antitumor agent than doxorubicin, at 10(-8) M inhibited the Ca2+-dependent action potential by 22%, similar to the inhibition previously reported for doxorubicin. None of the agents affected the cell transmembrane potential, which suggests a lack of an effect on the mechanisms responsible for maintaining the resting cell membrane potential difference. The effects of the agents on the Ca2+-dependent action potential might reflect a direct effect on a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel or on the lipid domain around the channels, or they might be produced by changes in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, among other mechanisms. It is not known whether a change in the membrane Ca2+ current is related to the antitumor effects of the agents, but such a change may contribute to the neurotoxicity of cis-PDD and vincristine and the cardiac toxicity of the anthracycline. PMID- 3474444 TI - Chronic ursodeoxycholic acid- and chenodeoxycholic acid-feeding-induced changes of colon mucosal cell proliferation in rats. AB - Hyperproliferation has been suggested to play a major role in bile acid-dependent colorectal tumor promotion. Effects of chronic feeding of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) were tested on cell proliferation in the colon of male noninbred Wistar rats. By use of a dynamic method measuring actual rates of cell production, proliferation was modulated by both bile acids only in the proximal part of the colon. UDC feeding produced mild hyperproliferation of basal crypt cells (cell position 5-8: 7.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 3.5 +/- 1.3 cells/1,000 cells/hr--P less than .05; cell position 9-12: 18.1 +/- 10.7 vs. 10.3 +/- 2.9--P less than .05; cell position 13-16: 18.1 +/- 8.9 vs. 9.1 +/- 2.3--P less than .05). This finding reflected a characteristic compensatory response to superficial cell damage. However, CDC application did not effect cell regeneration in this crypt area but led to a striking drop of cell renewal in higher crypt cell positions (positions greater than or equal to 17), where no proliferation was detectable. These data suggest that CDC exerts its tumor promoting effect by other means than hyperproliferation. PMID- 3474445 TI - Experimental coinduction of type D retrovirus-associated pulmonary carcinoma and lentivirus-associated lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in lambs. AB - Two retrovirus-associated pulmonary diseases of sheep [ovine pulmonary carcinoma (OPC); sheep pulmonary adenomatosis], a bronchoalveolar carcinoma, and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) were induced simultaneously in 9 of 9 neonatal lambs. The lambs were killed 8-28 weeks after intratracheal injection of lung tumor homogenate or lung fluid derived from sheep with naturally occurring OPC and ovine lentivirus (OvLV) infection. The inoculated lambs developed multifocal neoplasms of alveolar type II cells or nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells, LIP, and pulmonary lymph node hyperplasia, and all produced antibody to OvLV. OvLV was isolated from 6 to 7 lambs tested, and infectious center assay of pulmonary lavage cells from 3 lambs revealed that approximately 1 in 1,000 pulmonary lavage cells contained infectious lentivirus. Neither contact control lambs nor control lambs that received ultrafiltered lung fluid developed evidence of either disease or of OvLV infection. Lung fluid or tumor tissue of lambs with OPC contained a 26,000-dalton protein that cross-reacted with antiserum to p27 to Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a type D retrovirus. The fact that no antigenic cross reaction between OvLV and type D retroviruses has been demonstrated supports the presence of two retroviruses in sheep with OPC. Although the contributions of each agent to oncogenesis in this model are difficult to evaluate, the rapid development of two retrovirus-induced pulmonary diseases in experimentally inoculated lambs suggests an etiologic or pathogenetic synergism between these two members of the family Retroviridae. PMID- 3474446 TI - Sexual and reproductive risk factors for invasive squamous cell cervical cancer. AB - A case-control study of 418 women with invasive squamous cell cervical cancer and 704 population controls enabled evaluation of risk factors for this relatively rare cancer. Consistent with an infectious etiology was a pronounced effect of multiple sexual partners, with those reporting 10 or more partners being at a significant threefold excess risk. Early first intercourse also was associated with some residual effect on risk, although the relationship was not linear, nor the explanation readily apparent. Those with multiple births were at significantly elevated risks, even after adjustment for sexual parameters. Menstrual and hygiene factors, including use of tampons, vaginal deodorants, and douching products, were not consistently related to risk. Histories of specific infections involving the genital tract were poor predictors of risk, since few women provided positive responses, but those with nonspecific diseases were at a significant twofold excess risk. PMID- 3474447 TI - Geographic patterns for pleural mesothelioma deaths in the United States, 1968 81. AB - Deaths and death rates for mesothelioma of the pleura are presented by age, sex, and geographic area for the United States for the years 1968-81. Death rates increased with age and in every age group were roughly three times higher for males than for females. Over the period 1968-81, death rates increased for males aged 65 years or more, whereas death rates in other age-sex groupings remained fairly constant or declined slightly. It is known that asbestos is highly related to mesothelioma, and the increase in death rates among older males could be due to asbestos. Conversely, the fact that death rates in younger males and in females have not been increasing suggests some kind of background level not strongly related to the use of asbestos. When the geographic distribution of death rates was examined by state, there was considerable geographic variation with some clustering. High death rates for males appeared for the Northeastern States and along the Pacific Coast, and for Illinois, Florida, Wyoming, and Colorado. Females shared this geographic pattern to some extent. When death rates were examined by county, a relationship was seen between pleural mesothelioma deaths among males and the presence of asbestos products plants and shipbuilding facilities. Excessive death rates in some counties and states did not appear to be related to asbestos exposure. Although the similarity in geographic patterns of mortality for males and females suggests a common etiology, the trends in mortality suggest different etiologies. There may be important causes of pleural mesothelioma yet to be identified. PMID- 3474448 TI - Childhood leukemia and parents' occupational and home exposures. AB - A case-control study of children of ages 10 years and under in Los Angeles County was conducted to investigate the causes of leukemia. The mothers and fathers of acute leukemia cases and their individually matched controls were interviewed regarding specific occupational and home exposures as well as other potential risk factors associated with leukemia. Analysis of the information from the 123 matched pairs showed an increased risk of leukemia for children whose fathers had occupational exposure after the birth of the child to chlorinated solvents [odds ratio (OR) = 3.5, P = .01], spray paint (OR = 2.0, P = .02), dyes or pigments (OR = 4.5, P = .03), methyl ethyl ketone (CAS: 78-93-3; OR = 3.0, P = .05), and cutting oil (OR = 1.7, P = .05) or whose fathers were exposed during the mother's pregnancy with the child to spray paint (OR = 2.2, P = .03). For all of these, the risk associated with frequent use was greater than for infrequent use. There was an increased risk of leukemia for the child if the father worked in industries manufacturing transportation equipment (mostly aircraft) (OR = 2.5, P = .03) or machinery (OR = 3.0, P = .02). An increased risk was found for children whose parents used pesticides in the home (OR = 3.8, P = .004) or garden (OR = 6.5, P = .007) or who burned incense in the home (OR = 2.7, P = .007). The risk was greater for frequent use. Risk of leukemia was related to mothers' employment in personal service industries (OR = 2.7, P = .04) but not to specified occupational exposures. Risk related to fathers' exposure to chlorinated solvents, employment in the transportation equipment-manufacturing industry, and parents' exposure to household or garden pesticides and incense remains statistically significant after adjusting for the other significant findings. PMID- 3474449 TI - Malignant and benign ovarian neoplasms among atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-80. AB - For 1950-80, 194 ovarian cancer cases were ascertained among the 70,030 females of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation's Life-Span Study E-85 sample, and 106 autopsied cases with benign ovarian neoplasms were ascertained among all 3,046 autopsies performed in the same sample. On the basis of microscopic review, 66% of the cancer and 84% of the benign tumor cases were classified by histologic type. The age-adjusted ovarian cancer incidence rates showed a statistically significant increase with increased exposure dose, both in the entire exposed group (P less than .01) and in the microscopically reviewed subset (P less than .01). This dose response was only significant (P less than .01) in the latter half of the study period, 1965-80. The radiation effect was higher in the younger age group at the time of the bomb (ATB) for the specific attained age or was adjusted for attained age. In general, relative risk (greater than or equal to 100 rad vs. 0 rad) did not differ by attained age, except for the youngest age group, less than 20 years old ATB, where the relative risk tended to decrease with increased attained age, although cases were few in number and follow-up study was necessary. Estimated minimum latent period for radiation-induced ovarian cancer seemed to be 15-20 years. The proportion of autopsied cases with benign ovarian tumor increased with increasing exposure dose, both in the entire series of cases (P less than .05) and in the microscopically reviewed subset. Statistical significance, however, was not achieved in the latter group (P greater than .10). The distribution of histologic types of both cancer and benign tumor of the ovary did not vary significantly with radiation dose. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that radiation injury of the ovaries and secondary excess of gonadotropic hormones are important causative factors in the development of ovarian neoplasms. PMID- 3474450 TI - Changes in proto-oncogene expression associated with reversal of macrophage-like differentiation of HL 60 cells. AB - Prolonged exposure to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] of 2 sublines (AB-2 and AB-26) of human promyelocytic HL 60 leukemia cells produced increased adherence of the cells to the culture substratum. Advantage was taken of this property to separate physically a population of cells highly enriched in macrophage-like forms. When these differentiated cells were placed in culture medium free of 1,25(OH)2D3, there was a rapid reversal of the features of the differentiated phenotype, monitored by the loss of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity and the loss of adherence to the substrate. The reversal was accompanied by the resumption of normal rates of DNA synthesis, mitosis, and reaccumulation of c-myc and c-myb transcripts. The levels of transcripts of oncogenes c-fos and c-fms, which became abundant in the phenotypically differentiated cultures, declined along with the loss of adhesiveness and reversion to more primitive myeloblastic forms. These changes in proto-oncogene expression became evident before cell proliferation resumed, thereby excluding the diluting effect of the outgrowth of undifferentiated cells. It is concluded that in this system there is no firm commitment to terminal, as opposed to early, differentiation in the great majority of the cells and that the expression of the monocytic maturation-associated genes c-fos and c-fms is down-regulated when macrophage-like cells dedifferentiate. This strengthens the case for an association between macrophage differentiation and the expression of oncogenes c fos and c-fms. PMID- 3474451 TI - Artificial capillary culture studies of human tumor cell growth, differentiation, and marker production. AB - The morphological characteristics and the production of biochemical markers were determined for 8 human tumor cell lines grown in artificial capillary culture. Comparisons were made with nude mouse xenografts and conventional monolayer or suspension cultures. Capillary histologies reproduced the features of neoplastic differentiation and glandular formation exhibited by the original human tumors and xenografts. The concentrations of specific biochemical markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, aspartate aminotransferase, and immunoglobulin, were higher in the pericellular culture medium in capillary culture. The capillary environment influenced the expression of biochemical heterogeneity by the DLD-1 colon carcinoma cell line and its derivative clones. Spontaneous differentiation of K562 leukemia cells was increased in the capillary system. These results indicate that the artificial capillary is a useful and relevant system for the study of cultured human tumor cells. PMID- 3474452 TI - Cancer of the uterine cervix in Norway by histologic type, 1970-84. AB - A total of 6,202 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix was reported to the Cancer Registry in Norway from 1970 to 1984. Squamous cell carcinoma was reported in 86.1% of all cases, adenocarcinoma in 9.5%, and undifferentiated cancer in 3.6%; the heterogeneous group of "other malignant neoplasms" was 0.8% of all cases, most of which were sarcomas. During the 15-year period the average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for both squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated cancer decreased by 30 and 79%, respectively, whereas adenocarcinoma increased by 38%. The increase of adenocarcinoma was mostly confined to females 20-34 years of age. The decrease in incidence rates of undifferentiated cancer was observed in all age groups, whereas the fall in incidence rates for squamous cell carcinoma was demonstrated in females above 35 years of age only. Of all patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 55% were diagnosed in clinical stage I. Females with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated cancer were diagnosed in stage I in 60 and 38% of the cases, respectively. The 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were highest for patients with squamous cell carcinoma at all stages, whereas a significantly less favorable prognosis was found for females with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated cancer of the uterine cervix. PMID- 3474453 TI - Differential sensitivities of human testicular and bladder tumor cell lines to chemotherapeutic drugs. AB - The in vitro drug sensitivities of 5 human testicular tumor cell lines (Tera II, SuSa, NEC-8, 833K, T3B1) and 5 human bladder carcinoma cell lines (RT4, RT112, T24, HT1197, HT1376) were compared. Cytotoxicities of cisplatin and doxorubicin were assessed by inhibition of colony-forming ability during continuous exposure to a range of drug concentrations. The ranges of the drug concentrations required to kill 70% of clonogenic cells obtained against the testicular cell lines were 1 7 ng/ml and 21-161 ng/ml for doxorubicin and cisplatin, respectively, compared with 4-19 ng/ml and 112-431 ng/ml for the bladder cell lines. This study shows that continuous cell lines retain the relative clinical chemosensitivities of their tumors of origin. The results also indicate that testicular tumor cells are inherently more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs than are bladder cancer cells. PMID- 3474454 TI - The National Bladder Cancer Study: employment in the chemical industry. AB - The relationship between bladder cancer employment in the chemical industry was assessed in a study of 2,982 incident cases and 5,782 population controls. There were 190 cases and 369 controls who had ever been employed in the chemical industry [odds ratio (OR) = 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.8, 1.2]. Employment in the production of organic chemicals was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk among men (95% CI = 0.8, 2.1). Risk increased with duration of employment, reaching an OR of 2.4 for 20 or more years (chi for trend = 1.57; P = .06). Women who had worked in the plastics industry had a 3.3-fold increased bladder cancer risk. Within the plastics and rubber industry, increased risks for bladder cancer were found for men in mixing, filtering, grinding, and other dusty operations (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.0, 20.4) and men in heat-associated operations (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 0.5, 15.3). A 1.4-fold risk among men in agricultural chemicals was attributable to risks in the pesticides subdivision (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 0.6, 8.2). Men performing dusty operations (i.e., mixing, filtering, sifting, grinding, and crushing) in any industry had an OR of 1.4 (95% CI = 0.8, 2.7). Despite the large number of study subjects, few statistically significant findings were observed and should be evaluated with consideration of the large number of comparisons made in the analysis. The statistical power of case-control studies to detect risks associated with particular occupational exposures is limited by the small proportion of the population employed in any specific occupation or industry. PMID- 3474455 TI - Brain tumor mortality risk among men with electrical and electronics jobs: a case control study. AB - Brain tumor risk associated with electrical and electronics jobs and with occupational exposure to microwave and radiofrequency (MW/RF) electromagnetic radiation was evaluated with the use of data from a death certificate-based case control study of brain tumors and occupational risk factors in northern New Jersey, Philadelphia, PA, and southern Louisiana. Next-of-kin of 435 white men who died of a primary brain tumor and of 386 controls who died from other causes were interviewed to obtain information on lifetime occupational history and other factors that might be related to excess brain tumor risk. The relative risk (RR) for all brain tumors was elevated among men exposed to MW/RF radiation [RR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.0, 2.4] and was significantly elevated among men exposed for 20 or more years. All of the excess risk for MW/RF radiation-exposed subjects was derived from jobs that involved the design, manufacture, repair, or installation of electrical or electronic equipment (RR = 2.3; 95% Cl = 1.3, 4.2), while risk of brain tumors among MW/RF radiation-exposed subjects who never worked in electrical or electronics jobs was not elevated (RR = 1.0; 95% Cl = 0.5, 1.9). Furthermore, risk was elevated for electronics workers who were considered to have no exposure to MW/RF radiation. Among electrical and electronics workers, risk was highest for engineers, teachers, technicians, repairers, and assemblers combined (RR = 3.9; 95% Cl = 1.6, 9.9) and was limited to excess risk from astrocytic tumors (RR = 4.6; 95% Cl = 1.9, 12.2). Risk of astrocytic tumors among these electronics manufacture and repair workers increased with duration of exposure to tenfold among those employed for 20 or more years. Among electricians and power and telephone linemen combined (electrical tradesmen), the RR for astrocytic tumors was slightly elevated, but not statistically significant (RR = 1.8), and showed no consistent evidence of a duration-response relationship. Electrical tradesmen are exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation, while men in some jobs associated with electronics manufacture and repair are exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the very high frequency and ultra-high frequency ranges and also may be exposed to soldering fumes, solvents, and a variety of other chemicals. PMID- 3474456 TI - Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in Washington State. AB - The prevalence of several known or suspected risk factors for breast cancer is changing among young women. The time trend in incidence of breast cancer among young women in western Washington was analyzed as a possible predictor of trends in future incidence rates. Data were from the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. For women age 25-44 years (n = 1,869 cases), the incidence of breast cancer increased by 22% (P less than .001) between the time periods 1974-77 and 1982-84. The estimated annual increase was 2.5% (P less than .001). The increase in incidence over time appeared to be greater among those residing in low-income census tracts of urban counties and among black women. Possible relationships between the observed increase in rates and trends of risk factors for breast cancer are discussed. PMID- 3474457 TI - Use of permanent hair dyes and risk of breast cancer. AB - Aromatic amines contained in permanent hair dyes can be absorbed percutaneously and are mutagenic and carcinogenic in some laboratory studies. Concern has been raised that use of these dyes may increase the risk of human cancers. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between permanent hair dye use and incidence of breast cancer among 118,404 U.S. women aged 30-55 years who were followed prospectively for 6 years. Among women who had ever used permanent hair dyes, 353 developed breast cancer during 246,848 person-years of follow-up, while 505 cases occurred during 397,460 person-years among never users (age-adjusted rate ratio = 1.1; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.2). Identical rate ratios were observed when women who had ever used hair dyes were subdivided into current and past users. Adjustment for known determinants of breast cancer in multivariate models did not alter these relationships. The risk of breast cancer did not increase with more frequent use, longer duration of use, or interval since first use. On the basis of these data and previous findings, it appears unlikely that the use of permanent hair dyes causes any important increase in risk of breast cancer. PMID- 3474458 TI - Incidence of prostate cancer and marital status. AB - Analyses were made of the marital status of 48,106 men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate, who were reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute during the 9 years ending in 1981. The hypothesis tested was that widowers and possibly divorced men were at higher risk for developing this cancer than were married men. Age- and marital-specific incidence rates were calculated for 4 age groups (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and greater than or equal to 75 yr) for U.S. white, black, and Puerto Rico Hispanic men. Risks for other marital status groups were calculated relative to "married." Among the 45-54 age group, all ethnic groups had an excess risk for widowed as compared to the risk for married men [whites, relative risk (RR) = 1.7; blacks, RR = 1.5; Hispanics, RR = 2.5]. These excesses were not significantly different from unity. In the other 3 age groups and among each ethnic group, among whom 97.3% of all prostate cancers occurred, there was no suggestion of an excess risk for the development of prostate cancer among widowed men relative to married men. Unexpected findings were significant deficits in risk for single, separated, and divorced white men as compared to the risk for married men. Thus this study does not support an association between widowerhood and an increased risk for the development of prostate cancer. Additional studies are required to investigate a suggestion of decreased risk for older, separated, and divorced men. PMID- 3474459 TI - Aging and urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. AB - The effect of age on induction of carcinogenesis by N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6] in the urinary bladder epithelium was examined in 130 male and 130 female F344 rats. Rats of both sexes 6, 52, and 98 weeks old were given 0.025% BBN in their drinking water for 20 weeks. Then approximately half the rats were sacrificed, while the rest were maintained without further treatment for 10 weeks. Examination of the rats revealed an age related increase in the induction of urinary bladder carcinoma, although the total intakes of BBN and urinary excretions of its proximate carcinogen were not age related. Rats treated with BBN at 98 weeks of age developed more squamous cell carcinomas and invasive carcinomas than the 2 younger groups. This study demonstrated an increased risk of urinary bladder carcinogenesis with age in animals. PMID- 3474460 TI - High levels of dietary fat: alteration of hepatic promutagen activation in the rat. AB - Male Ola:Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either low or high levels of fats. After being fed these diets for 4 weeks, the rats were killed and individual hepatic postmitochondrial (S9) fractions were prepared. The ability of these fractions to convert the heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs)--2-amino-3 methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline; 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline; and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (compounds produced during the cooking of proteinaceous food)--to bacterial mutagens was studied, with the use of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 as indicator. Fractions from rats fed high-fat diets exhibited a greater ability to activate the HAAs than did those from rats fed the low-fat diet. The magnitude of the increase was dependent on the type of fat used. PMID- 3474461 TI - Complete, circular papovavirus genomes in the cells of hamsters exposed to a horizontally transmitted lymphomagenic agent. AB - Contagious lymphomas were produced in a colony of Syrian golden hamsters by an unknown agent that also caused fatal ulcerative bowel disease (UBD) lesions prior to lymphoma development. A low percentage of these animals developed epitheliomas of the skin independently of the UBD or lymphomas. Previous work has shown that the epitheliomas contain numerous hamster papovavirus (HaPV) particles, whereas lymphomas do not. Cells from both kinds of tumors do contain HaPV DNA sequences, however. In this study, Southern blot hybridization showed that complete, circular HaPV genomes were present in these cells. Complete, circular HaPV genomes also were found in the cells of animals with UBD. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of HaPV particles in UBD lesions. These results, together with previous data, indicate that in the hamster, lymphomas contain complete, circular papovavirus genomes in the absence of virus particles, whereas epitheliomas and UBD lesions contain these genomes in the presence of virus particles. PMID- 3474462 TI - Inhalation carcinogenesis of various alkylating agents. AB - A series of earlier studies showed that inhalation exposures of rats to three water-reactive electrophilic compounds produced brisk yields of nasal cancer even when the animals were exposed for only 30 days (6 hr/day X 5 day/wk). In addition, carcinogenic potencies of the compounds appeared to relate to their chemical reactivities as measured by hydrolysis rates. For a further study of this phenomenon, inhalation exposures were conducted with five additional water reactive compounds: beta-propiolactone [(BPL) CAS: 57-57-8], methylmethane sulfonate [(MMS) CAS: 66-27-3], ethylchloroformate [(ECF) CAS: 541-41-3], dichloroacetyl chloride [(DCAC) CAS: 79-36-7], and propylene oxide [(PO) CAS: 75 56-9] on male Sprague-Dawley rats. The hydrolysis rates of these compounds span 6 orders of magnitude. The compounds were administered for 30 days (6 hr/day X 5 days/wk) with the use of exposure concentrations that were inversely proportional to the respective hydrolysis rates. With this protocol, all compounds except PO (the slowest reacting compound) produced nasal cancer in rats. The concentrations of MMS and BPL employed in the studies produced similar nasal cancer yields, indicating that the carcinogenic potencies of these compounds in rat nasal mucosa were proportional to their hydrolysis rates. The nasal cancer yields of DCAC and ECF were less than expected. DCAC hydrolyzes so rapidly at in vivo temperatures (half-life much less than 0.01 min) that it may not reach target DNA in reactive form. Why the exposures to ECF produced yields of nasal cancer not predicted by its reactivity is currently under investigation. These results combined with our earlier results demonstrate that the carcinogenic potencies of some inhaled reactive electrophilic compounds are related to their hydrolysis rates. PMID- 3474463 TI - Resistance of cultured Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines to tiazofurin. AB - An established in vitro cell line (LLTC), originally derived from the Lewis lung carcinoma (LL), was found to have lost sensitivity to the C-nucleoside antitumor agent tiazofurin (NSC-286193; 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) both in vitro and in vivo. A new in vitro cell line (LLAK) was derived from LL and compared to LLTC in its growth properties and sensitivity to tiazofurin. LLAK resembled the in vivo tumor in having both a high S-phase fraction and a high rate of cell death at high cell density. In continuous drug exposure growth inhibition assays, the concentration of tiazofurin required to reduce the number of cells in a culture by 50% with respect to control cultures was 0.51 microM for LLAK, 2.6 microM for LLTC, and greater than 10 microM for a range of human cancer cell lines. In cytotoxicity assays involving a 2-hour drug exposure followed by clonogenic assay, tiazofurin was more toxic to LLAK cells than to LLTC cells or L1210 murine leukemia cells, consistent with its high in vivo activity against LL. MM-96 human melanoma cells were highly resistant. Flow cytometry studies indicated that tiazofurin selectively depleted the LLAK cell population of S- and G2-phase cells. In one experiment involving 16 consecutive in vitro passages of LLAK in the absence of tiazofurin, a new line emerged that was resistant to tiazofurin in the clonogenic assay. The results demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of resistance from a tiazofurin-sensitive cell line. If similar processes occur during adaptation of human tumor cells to culture, this may explain the finding of low activity of tiazofurin toward a range of human tumor cell lines. PMID- 3474464 TI - N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus): neoplasms and related lesions compared with mammalian lesions. AB - Groups of estuarine sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were exposed to approximately 57 mg N-nitrosodiethylamine [(DENA) CAS: 55-18-5]/liter for 5-6 weeks. Exposure was stopped and the fish were then transferred to clean, flowing seawater. Induced liver lesions were studied in periodic samples of fish taken during the next 140 weeks of holding. Lesions found following exposure were early altered basophilic and eosinophilic foci, oval cell hyperplasia, clear cell foci, neoplastic nodules, hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiolar carcinomas, possible pericytomas originating in liver, hemangiopericytomas, spongiosis hepatis, and cholangiofibrosis. The relative prevalence of these lesions was given. Most of these lesions morphologically were compared to their counterpart lesions in the rat. Certain lesions in our fish such as hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiolar carcinomas, pericytomas, hemangiopericytomas, spongiosis hepatis, and cholangiofibrosis have apparent similar cellular origins and morphogenesis to those lesions in rats and perhaps in other mammals. Spongiosis hepatis in the sheepshead minnow apparently arises from perisinusoidal cells and may be a neoplasm of this cell type. The general similarity of response to DENA in sheepshead minnows and rats suggests that this fish has promise as a model subject for studying some hepatocarcinogens and as a sentinel organism for detecting hepatocarcinogens in contaminated coastal waters. PMID- 3474465 TI - Experimental antitumor activity of the amsacrine analogue CI-921. AB - CI-921 is a di-substituted analogue of amsacrine currently in phase 1 clinical trial. CI-921 was developed to clinical trial largely on the basis of a series of studies at five cancer research laboratories that demonstrated its improved spectrum and degree of activity relative to those of amsacrine against murine tumor models. The tumor models studied included lung, colon, and mammary carcinomas and encompassed a wide range of biologic properties and chemosensitivities. CI-921 had significant activity against 16 of 19 (84%) tumor models examined. The activity of CI-921 was superior to that of amsacrine in 10 of 14 tumor systems that were sensitive to at least one of the agents and for which comparable data existed. In the remaining four systems, CI-921 and amsacrine were equivalent in activity. CI-921 was found to be roughly equipotent with amsacrine on a milligram-per-kilogram (body wt) basis and was found to have significantly higher activity when given orally. PMID- 3474466 TI - Stimulatory effect of high polyunsaturated fat diet on lung metastasis from the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma in female retired breeder rats. AB - The effect of a high-fat (HF) diet (23% corn oil) on the growth and metastasis of the 13762 mammary tumor in Fischer 344 retired breeder (RB) and young virgin (YV) female rats was studied. The RB (10-12 mo old) and YV (8 wk old) rats were fed the HF or low-fat (LF) diet (5% corn oil) prior to and following tumor implantation for a total of at least 10 weeks. The growth rate of the primary tumor in the intact RB and YV was not affected by the HF diet. In RB rats ovariectomized 4 weeks prior to tumor implantation, the tumor grew significantly faster in the HF group as compared to the LF group. The total volume of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs of the HF groups was significantly higher than that in the the lungs of the LF groups in both the intact and ovariectomized RB. In the YV, there was no difference in pulmonary metastatic burden between the HF and LF groups. The weights of the HF intact and ovariectomized RBs were higher than those of the LF animals. However, when pulmonary metastatic tumor burden was compared to body weight at implant or at sacrifice, there was no significant correlation in either the HF or LF groups. These results suggest that an HF diet enhanced the growth of pulmonary metastases in the intact and ovariectomized RB but not the YV rats and that the effect of the HF diet on pulmonary tumor burden cannot be attributed entirely to increased body weight. PMID- 3474468 TI - Host-clonal interactions in the generation of proviral gene deletion variants. AB - A nonproducer clone (clone A1) (from a retrovirus-infected guinea pig fibrosarcoma) has been described that under conditions of in vivo immunologic selection forms variants that lack the proviral gene. One trivial explanation for the apparent loss of the provirus from clone A1 is that clone A1 did not originate from a single cell. For evaluation of this possibility, subclones were derived from clone A1 and tested for tumor recurrence in nonimmune and virus immune animals. Each of four subclones contained the A1 provirus and exhibited specific viral interference; tumor recurrences formed from each of these four subclones lacked the clone A1 provirus. Possible, when heterogeneous populations of retrovirus-infected cells are injected into nonimmune animals, some clones will elicit immunologic responses to retroviral antigens and subject other clones in the population to immunologic selective pressures. For testing this concept, clone A1 was injected in admixture with a producer clone (clone A4) into nonimmune Sewall Wright strain 2 guinea pigs. Tumors formed in nonimmune guinea pigs inoculated with clone A1 in admixture with clone A4 were shown to lack a detectable clone A1 provirus. The results supported the concept that a somatic mutational event (deletion of the proviral gene) occurs during growth of clone A1. When heterogeneous populations of retrovirus-infected cells are injected into animals, host-clonal interactions may occur leading to outgrowth of proviral gene deletion variants. These results supported the notion that interactions between tumor clones and the host can change the dominant clonal type of the tumor and provide a genetic basis for this change. PMID- 3474467 TI - Toxicity, radiation sensitivity modification, and combined drug effects of ascorbic acid with misonidazole in vivo on FSaII murine fibrosarcomas. AB - Ascorbic acid (ASC) has been shown to radioprotect nonmalignant tissue and to enhance the effects of misonidazole (MISO) on hypoxic cells in vitro. Since ASC is minimally toxic, it is an interesting candidate for improving the radiotherapeutic gain factor in vivo. The in vivo radiomodifying effects of ASC on a C3H/fSed murine fibrosarcoma (FSaII), on normal skin, and on bone marrow were determined with the use of the tumor growth delay and TCD50 (i.e., radiation dose required to control 50% of treated tumors for a minimum of 120 days) assays and the RD50 (i.e., dose required to cause a peak skin reaction of 2 in 50% of treated hind limbs) and LD50 (i.e., whole-body radiation lethal dose) assays, respectively. ASC was buffered to pH 7.35 and delivered ip at a dose of 4.5 mg g 1 body weight. ASC did not modify tumor growth delay induced by radiation or the TCD50 [87.1 Gy (control) vs. 85.6 Gy (ASC)]. Normal tissues, however, were radioprotected by ASC. RD50 values for 2+ acute skin reactions were 46.4 and 55.7 Gy for control and ASC-treated subjects, respectively; LD50 (30 days) values were 7.2 and 8.5 Gy. The enhancement ratios for skin and bone marrow were 1.20 and 1.18, and 95% confidence limits were (1.07 ... 1.34) and (1.14 ... 1.23), respectively. The therapeutic gain factor was 1.22 calculated as the ratio of the TCD50 and the reference normal tissue (RD50 or LD50). When ASC and MISO were combined, ASC reduced the in vivo radiosensitizing effects of MISO. PMID- 3474469 TI - Cancer prevention and control: from research through applications. AB - As the understanding of the magnitude and social impact of cancer has advanced, three major forces have shaped the current state of the art in cancer prevention and control: the maturation of organization approaches to solving the cancer problem; the accumulation of scientific evidence that justified and illuminated the concept of cancer as a controllable disease; and, most recently, the development of a systematic cancer control research process that provides efficiency and clearer direction to the planning of a national cancer control program. The National Cancer Institute, recognizing the need for goal setting and scientific accountability in the conduct of cancer control research, has established quantified mortality reduction objectives for the year 2000 related to smoking cessation, diet changes, early detection, and state-of-the-art treatment. The cancer control research process and these objectives will guide the allocation of cancer control resources toward the application of effective health promotion strategies. PMID- 3474470 TI - Enhanced glomerular prostaglandin formation in experimental membranous nephropathy. AB - To determine whether the induction of immune-mediated glomerular injury influences the formation of cyclooxygenase products by glomerular cells, we determined prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (as the stable metabolite of TXA2) formation in isolated glomeruli of rats with passive Heymann nephritis (PHN). PHN is a model of membranous nephropathy mediated by antibody and complement independent of inflammatory cells. Five days following induction of PHN by injection of heterologous antibody to rat proximal tubular brush border antigen (Fx1A) rats developed proteinuria 36.5 +/- 34 (controls 3.8 +/- 1 mg/day). Treatment with cobra venom factor, which depleted complement C3 levels to less than 10% of baseline, prevented the development of proteinuria (6.9 +/- 2 mg/day). The development of subepithelial, glomerular immune-complex deposits and proteinuria was associated with a significant stimulation of glomerular PGE2 (87%) and TXB2 (183%) formation. This increment in glomerular prostanoid biosynthesis was significantly inhibited (PGE2 increased 22%, TXB2 increased 75%) in animals that were complement depleted with cobra venom factor. Cobra venom factor had no effect on glomerular prostanoid formation in normal rats. In additional experiments we tested the hypothesis that TXA2 may contribute to mediation of proteinuria in PHN. We utilized a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor UK38485. UK38485 reduced glomerular TXB2 formation by 80% without influencing glomerular deposition of 125I-labeled antibody, and did not alter levels of urine protein excretion in rats with PHN (control 42 +/- 21, UK 38485, 39 +/- 24 mg/day, P greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474471 TI - A comparison of the effects of angiotensin II and norepinephrine on intrarenal arteries in the rat. PMID- 3474472 TI - Role of angiotensin II in the altered renal function of heart failure. PMID- 3474473 TI - Effects of preglomerular and postglomerular vascular resistance alterations on filtration fraction. PMID- 3474474 TI - Neonatal screening for sickling hemoglobinopathies in South Carolina: can the promise be fulfilled? PMID- 3474475 TI - Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by foreign body. PMID- 3474476 TI - Newborn screening for metabolic disorders. PMID- 3474477 TI - South Carolina PRO review. PMID- 3474478 TI - Vertebral collapse in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--case reports. PMID- 3474479 TI - Arachidonic acid protection of rat mucosa against stress ulceration. AB - To evaluate the effect of arachidonic acid (AA), a prostaglandin precursor, on the mucosal level of PGE2 and its possible protective role against stress ulcerations, 40 Holtzman rats were divided into four groups: Group I intragastrically receiving 1 ml of normal saline (NS); Group II, NS pretreatment followed by stress; Group III, intragastric AA pretreatment without stress; and Group IV, intragastric AA followed by stress. AA was administered as a 120 mM solution in a nonionic detergent, adjusted to a pH of 8.0. Stress was provided by the cold-restraint method. After sacrifice, the number of gastric mucosal ulcerations were counted. Specimens of nonulcerated mucosa were assayed for PGE2 by derivatization with panacyl bromide and by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The animals in Groups I, III, and IV developed no gastric ulcerations and their mucosal prostaglandin E2 remained at a normal level, while those in Group II had a significant reduction of mucosal PGE2 (P less than 0.05) and a significantly increased number of gastric ulcerations (P less than 0.002). These data indicate that stress-induced mucosal ulcerations are associated with significant decreases in the gastric mucosal levels of PGE2. Intragastric administration of arachidonic acid prevents the formation of stress mucosal ulcerations and maintains a normal level of mucosal PGE2. PMID- 3474480 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells during remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: low sensitivity and specificity prevent accurate prediction of relapse. AB - Serial samples of peripheral blood were obtained from 75 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission. An immunofluorescence assay was used to quantitate TdT-containing (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-containing) cells in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction of these specimens. Nine relapses in 8 patients were preceded by elevations (0.12-0.70%) in peripheral blood terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-containing cells noted 1-33 weeks prior to relapse. No such elevations were observed prior to 6 relapses in 4 patients. Peripheral blood terminal transferase deoxynucleotidyl-containing cells were elevated (0.12 0.61%) in 22 children who did not relapse over a 5-82 week period of observation. The sensitivity (67%) and specificity (68%) of this assay are inadequate to establish which patients have minimal residual leukemia. PMID- 3474481 TI - Persisting colonies in agar cultures containing serum from patients with CML in blastic transformation. AB - Addition of serum from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in both chronic phase and blastic transformation, to agar cultures of normal human marrow cells stimulated the growth of persisting colonies (day 35) containing either eosinophils or mast cells. Chronic phase serum stimulated an 800% increase in the total number of these colonies of which only 16% were mast cells. Serial studies using serum from 2 patients demonstrated that the proportion of mast cells increased during the progression to blastic transformation. The emergence of a greater proportion of persisting mast cell colonies and a decrease in absolute number of eosinophil colonies in agar cultures of normal marrow cells containing serum from patients with CML coincides with the emergence of blastic transformation and suggests that a significant change occurs in the absolute and relative concentration of hemopoietic growth factors in these patients. PMID- 3474482 TI - Uracil-DNA glycosylase activity in human acute leukemia. AB - The expression of the DNA excision repair enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase was investigated in bone marrow and peripheral samples from seven patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), from 17 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and from one patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in blast crisis. In addition, uracil-DNA glycosylase activities were determined in nine human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. There was a clear correlation between the percentage of blast cells and the enzyme activity when mononuclear cell fractions from patient samples were analysed. The following uracil-DNA glycosylase activities were recorded (mean +/- S.D., number of samples): ALL = 45.6 +/- 14.8 U/mg of protein, N = 10; ANLL = 41.1 +/- 13.8 U/mg of protein, N = 22; CGL (blast crisis) = 44.7 U/mg of protein. The uracil-DNA glycosylase activity in nine human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines ranged from 35.2 to 66.0 U/mg of protein, and no striking differences were observed between the T-ALL, B-ALL, null cell ALL or myeloid lines. Similarly, the various biological features, such as the common ALL surface antigen, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme, the sub-type of leukemia, chromosomal aberrations, or previous chemotherapy, did not apparently affect the expression of uracil-DNA glycosylase. We propose that the integrity of the genetic information is well protected by uracil-DNA glycosylase in different forms of leukemia, including cases with a low proportion of S-phase blasts, as assessed by flow cytometry in the present work. When compared to the activities in benign hematopoietic progenitor cells, studied previously in this laboratory, no big differences between the benign and malignant hematopoiesis were demonstrated. Hence, it is unlikely that selectivity of chemotherapy towards malignant vs benign hematopoietic growth could be based on the enzyme uracil-DNA glycosylase. PMID- 3474483 TI - Comparison of two clonogenic assays for determining cell growth patterns in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: relationships to clinical findings and prognosis. AB - Bone marrow cells from 99 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were cloned in either agar stimulated by leukocyte feeder layers (AG/F) or methylcellulose supplemented with medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin stimulation of leukocytes (MC/P). Although cell growth in the two systems was correlated (r = 0.74, p less than 0.0001), there was increased formation and size of clusters and colonies in AG/F, suggesting that the clonogenic cells from children with AML are more readily assayed in AG/F. The number and size of clones in either system did not show a relationship to the morphologic subtype of leukemia. Depending on the scoring system used, increased growth in MC/P was related to abnormal karyotype. Also dependent on scoring system, the ability of leukemic cells to form small clusters in AG/F was associated with resistance to induction therapy: cells of patients with resistant disease were more likely to produce small clusters (p = 0.02). Our results suggest that clonogenic cells from children with AML grow more readily in AG/F than in MC/P, but that neither culture system supports the growth of cells from all patients. Depending on scoring criteria, in-vitro growth patterns in AG/F correlate with response to induction therapy. PMID- 3474484 TI - [Malignant mesothelioma diagnosed by cytogenetic study]. PMID- 3474485 TI - Inhibition of 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase and increase of prostaglandin E2: effect of sofalcone on rat gastric mucosa. AB - The effect of sofalcone, an anti-ulcer agent, on gastric mucosal prostaglandin (PG) metabolism was studied. Gastric mucosal PGE2 was determined in rats in which PGE2 synthesis was inhibited by preadministration of indomethacin. Oral administration of sofalcone at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited the PG metabolizing enzyme, 15-hydroxy-PG-dehydrogenase (15-OH-PG-DH) activity and increased PGE2 contents in the rat gastric mucosa. The inhibition of 15-OH-PG DH activity was accompanied by an increase of PGE2 contents up to 6 hours after the administration of sofalcone. These changes, however, were not observed 12 hours after its administration. Intraperitoneally administered sofalcone also inhibited 15-OH-PG-DH activity and increased PGE2 content. The inhibition of 15 OH-PG-DH activity by sofalcone was noncompetitive and uncompetitive against substrates NAD and PGE1, respectively. These results suggest that the increase of the gastric PGE2 level is mainly due to the inhibition of 15-OH-PG-DH activity, and this increase in PGE2 may be involved in the anti-ulcer effect of sofalcone. PMID- 3474486 TI - [Metronidazole content of normal and tumor tissues in the combined treatment of patients with osteogenic sarcoma]. AB - A study was made of the time course of the level of metronidazole in the blood and tissues of 97 patients with localized osteogenic sarcoma in several modes of the drug administration (per os, using an enema and their combinations). The maximum drug concentration in the blood was achieved with the combined mode of the drug administration at a dose of 8 g/m2, enhancing local and general effects on a tumor, manifesting themselves in the reduction of sizes of a tumor, its morphological changes and an increase in the average period of metastasis detection. The 3-year survival rates showed no significant differences between groups of patients receiving and not receiving metronidazole. PMID- 3474487 TI - The smear layer--restorative considerations. PMID- 3474488 TI - Mammalian cell culture. PMID- 3474489 TI - Properties of immobilized subunits of 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3474490 TI - Analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear messenger RNA in fibroblasts from patients with type I osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3474491 TI - Hormonal influences on bone cells. AB - The methods for establishing osteoblast-rich rat calvarial cell cultures have been described, together with methods for the use of clonal osteogenic sarcoma cells of osteoblast phenotype. The latter clonal lines are useful for several purposes, but all the precautions and quality control measures necessary in the study of clonal lines must be observed. Some of the techniques for studying biochemical responses to hormones in these cells have also been detailed, but clearly others are applicable, including studies of the synthesis of matrix constituents. Osteoclast-like cells have not been considered in this chapter, because osteoclast culture methods have not yet been developed to the degree of purity and reproducibility necessary for this type of biochemical approach. PMID- 3474492 TI - Sequence of psi, a gene on the symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium phaseoli which inhibits exopolysaccharide synthesis and nodulation and demonstration that its transcription is inhibited by psr, another gene on the symbiotic plasmid. AB - A gene termed psi (polysaccharide inhibition), located close to the nodulation genes of the Rhizobium phaseoli symbiotic plasmid pRP2JI inhibited exopolysaccharide synthesis (EPS) and nodulation ability (Nod) in Rhizobium when it was cloned in a multicopy plasmid. The sequence of psi showed that it specified a polypeptide of mol. wt. 10,000 that may be associated with the membrane of Rhizobium. A second gene, psr (polysaccharide restoration), was located on pRP2JI. When cloned in multicopy plasmids, psr overcame the EPS and Nod defects in strains carrying multicopy psi. Strains with multicopy psr induced non-fixing nodules on Phaseolus beans. Using gene fusions between psi and lacZ, it was found that psr [corrected] inhibited transcription of psi [corrected]. PMID- 3474493 TI - Identification of two classes of Rhizobium phaseoli genes required for melanin synthesis, one of which is required for nitrogen fixation and activates the transcription of the other. AB - The symbiotic plasmid pRP2JI of Rhizobium phaseoli strain 8002 was shown to contain two separate regions of DNA which are required and sufficient for the synthesis of the pigment melanin. One of these regions containing the class II mel gene(s) was located to other genes involved in nodulation and in nitrogen fixation. Mutations in this region abolished both the ability to synthesize melanin and to fix nitrogen in Phaseolus bean root nodules. Mutations in the other, unlinked region, containing class I mel gene(s), also abolished melanin synthesis but did not affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcriptional fusions between the class I mel gene and the Escherichia coli lacZ gene were constructed and it was demonstrated that the class II mel gene(s) activated their transcription in free-living culture. Further, strains containing the cloned regulatory class II gene(s) synthesized melanin when growing in minimal medium, in contrast to wild-type strains which became pigmented only in complete medium containing yeast extract and tryptone. It was shown by hybridization experiments that the regulatory mel gene was closely linked to or may correspond to the regulatory nifA gene; a fragment of R. phaseoli DNA which included the class II gene(s) of R. phaseoli hybridized to a previously identified nifA-like gene of R. leguminosarum, the species that nodulates peas. PMID- 3474494 TI - High meiotic stability of a foreign gene introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. AB - Two lines of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum transformed to kanamycin resistance by means of a binary Agrobacterium vector containing a nos-npt gene were investigated over three generations. Southern hybridization and crossing analyses revealed that a single copy of T-DNA had integrated in each line and that the kanamycin resistance was regularly transmitted to the progeny as a monogenic dominant trait. Homozygous transgenic plants were fully fertile, morphologically normal and did not significantly differ from wild-type plants in the quantitative characters examined (plant height, flowering time). The two lines showed very low, but significantly different levels of meiotic instability: kanamycin sensitive plants occurred among backcross progeny from homozygous transgenic plants with frequencies of 6/45,000 and 25/45,000, respectively. The sensitive plants arose independently of each other and thus resulted from meiotic rather than mitotic events. These findings demonstrate for the first time that integrated foreign genes can be transmitted to progeny with the high degree of meiotic stability required for commercial varieties of crop plants. They emphasize the importance of non-homologous integration and of avoiding co integration of inactive gene copies for achieving meiotically stable transformants. PMID- 3474495 TI - Chromosomal mapping of tRNA genes from Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Different wild-type isolates of Dictyostelium discoideum exhibit extensive polymorphism in the length of restriction fragments carrying tRNA genes. These size differences were used to study the organisation of two tRNA gene families which encode a tRNA Val(GUU) and a tRNA Val(GUA) gene. The method used involved a combination of classical D. discoideum parasexual genetics and molecular genetics. The tRNA genes were mapped to specific linkage groups (chromosomes) by correlating the presence of polymorphic DNA bands that hybridized with the tRNA gene probes with the presence of genetic markers for those linkage groups. These analyses established that both of the tRNA gene families are dispersed among sites on several of the chromosomes. Information of nine tRNA Val(GUU) genes from the wild-type isolate NC4 was obtained: three map to linkage group I (C, E, F), two map to linkage group II (D, I), one maps to linkage group IV (G), one, which corresponds to the cloned gene, maps to either linkage group III or VI (B), and two map to one of linkage groups III, VI or VII (A, H). Six tRNA Val(GUA) genes from the NC4 isolate were mapped: one to linkage group I (D), two to linkage group III, VI or VII (B, C) and three to linkage group VII or III (A, E, F). PMID- 3474497 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukemia in childhood. Clinico-hematologic study of 40 cases]. PMID- 3474496 TI - The Inc3B determinant of plasmid pT181. A mutational analysis. AB - A region encompassing the origin of replication of staphylococcal plasmid pT181 has previously been shown to express an incompatibility effect denoted Inc3B, when cloned into another replicon (Novick et al. 1984). In an attempt to understand the mechanism of this incompatibility effect, and its relationship with the function of the replication origin, mutants deficient in this property were isolated and characterized. The results obtained suggest that the Inc3B effect is due to the competition for replication between the replication origin cloned in a hybrid and the origin of an autonomous plasmid. The Inc3B-deficient mutants isolated expressed different degrees of residual incompatibility. The inc3B mutations which did not express any incompatibility were found also to inactivate the function of the replication origin. All the other mutants which expressed residual Inc3B had a functional origin but presented a significantly reduced ability to use this origin when coexisting with a plasmid using a wild type pT181 origin. It is suggested that these inc3B mutations represent a new type of origin mutation which affects the ability of the origin to compete with other origins using the same replication system, though the function per se of the origin is not significantly impaired. PMID- 3474498 TI - [Mineralization of bacterial plaques]. PMID- 3474499 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia resulting from dental ectopia]. PMID- 3474500 TI - [Progress and innovations in the treatment of a case of Pierre-Robin syndrome]. PMID- 3474501 TI - [Dental anomalies due to fusion and gemination]. PMID- 3474502 TI - [Esthetic and functional splinting. A clinical case]. PMID- 3474503 TI - [Hydron, a material for root canal obturation. An in vitro evaluation]. PMID- 3474504 TI - [Activity of the Conservative Therapy Department of the Turin Dental Clinic in the 1983-1985 triennium. Comparative evaluation of services performed and the social position of those treated]. PMID- 3474505 TI - [The amalgam: marketing considerations in the use of predosed and non-predosed capsules]. PMID- 3474506 TI - [Retention of 2d deciduous molars. Case reports]. PMID- 3474507 TI - [Cephalometric diagnosis in the treatment of malocclusion with functional appliances]. PMID- 3474508 TI - [Clinico-statistical observations on the use of ceftriaxone (rocefin) in dental practice and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3474509 TI - [Postoperative evaluation of the surgical treatment of temporomandibular dysfunctions]. PMID- 3474510 TI - [Clinico-statistical study of 344 cases of fractures of the orbit-maxilla-zygoma complex]. PMID- 3474511 TI - X-ray toothless patients. PMID- 3474512 TI - Emergencies in the dental office. PMID- 3474513 TI - [Significance of CA19-9 values in the feces of patients with colorectal carcinoma]. AB - We measured CA19-9 value in feces of 119 cases with malignant disease, 78 cases with benign diseases and 36 healthy volunteers, and studied its usefulness for the diagnosis of digestive tract cancer. Mean value of CA19-9 in feces of healthy volunteer was 276.4 +/- 643.3 U/ml (mean +/- 2S.D.) and cut off value was defined as 1000 U/ml. The positive ratio of CA19-9 in feces of patients with malignant diseases as 44.5%. On the other hand, the mean of the false positive ratio was only 1.4% in benign diseases. Regarding to its breakdown, CA19-9 in feces revealed the highest positive ratio as 68% in colonic cancer. In colonic cancer, CA19-9 in feces showed a high positive ratio of 83% at advanced stage. Histologically, the positive ratios of CA19-9 in feces were higher, such as in more than 80% of the reaching degree of depth ss, a1, more than 82% of the disease due to higher parasites of lymph vessel ly1 and more than 95% of the metastasis of lymph node n1. Moreover, all CA19-9 in feces were positive in positive cases of CEA in serum. PMID- 3474514 TI - Phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins by casein kinases in human erythrocytes. Response to ionic strength and to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. AB - The endogenous phosphorylation of human erythrocyte cytosolic proteins is markedly increased when the crude cytosol, prior to incubation in the presence of [y-32P] ATP, is submitted to DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Some proteins, including 22 and 23 kDa proteins, are preferentially phosphorylated by cytosolic casein kinase CS, whereas other proteins, including 42 kDa protein, are preferentially phosphorylated by casein kinase CTS. The CS-catalyzed phosphorylation is strongly inhibited by physiological ionic strength (150 mM KCl or NaCl) and by physiological levels (3 mM) of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, while CTS catalyzed phosphorylation is unaffected. The very poor endogenous phosphorylation of these proteins in the crude cytosol may be due to the presence of other cytosolic inhibitors which are removed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. PMID- 3474515 TI - Repair of single-stranded DNA nicks, gaps, and loops in mammalian cells. AB - We studied the ability of mammalian cells to repair single-stranded nicks, gaps, and loops in DNA duplexes. Heteroduplexes prepared from derivatives of the shuttle vector pSV2neo were introduced into monkey COS cells. After replication, the plasmids were recovered and used to transform Escherichia coli. Plasmid DNA from the recovered colonies was tested for repair at each of six different sites. We observed that mammalian cells are capable of repairing single-stranded gaps and free single-stranded ends most efficiently. Regions containing twin loops were recognized, and one of the loops was excised. Portions of the molecules containing small single loops were also repaired. Markers which were 58 nucleotides apart were corepaired with nearly 100% efficiency, while markers which were 1,000 nucleotides or more apart were never corepaired. The mechanisms involved in heteroduplex repair in mammalian cells seem to be similar to those involved in repairing DNA lesions caused by physical and chemical agents. PMID- 3474516 TI - Naturally occurring methylation inhibitor: DNA hypomethylation and hemoglobin synthesis in human K562 cells. AB - A naturally occurring methylation inhibitor isolated from rabbit liver and named methinin inhibits a number of methyltransferases. Methinin is a low-molecular weight compound (1,400) that has an active amine group. This compound inhibits the DNA methyltransferase of human erythroleukemia cells (K562) in vitro. When the K562 cells were grown in medium containing methinin, fetal hemoglobin was produced. Small but detectable amounts of adult hemoglobin were also produced. Methinin was not toxic to these cells. The overall rate of genomic DNA methylation was reduced by 60% in cells grown in medium containing methinin. Southern blots of genomic DNA from methinin-treated cells and untreated cells hybridized to a 32P-labeled globin gene probe showed that one site in the globin gene region was hypomethylated. Methinin is a naturally occurring compound which inhibits DNA methylation both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3474518 TI - Rate of base substitution in mammalian nuclear DNA is dependent on local sequence context. AB - We have analysed the pattern of base substitutions in 40 mammalian processed pseudogenes by comparing them with their cognate functional genes. We find that the rate of base substitution is dependent both on the nature of the mutating base and upon the bases which flank it. Among bases which are not members of CG dinucleotides, bases which are the 5' members of purine-pyrimidine or pyrimidine purine dinucleotides mutate faster than 5' members of other dinucleotides. These data allow the mutational distance between genes to be estimated more accurately, and suggest some general properties of the mechanism of error prevention in mammalian nuclear DNA. PMID- 3474517 TI - Interaction between two different regulatory elements activates the murine alpha A-crystallin gene promoter in explanted lens epithelia. AB - Previous experiments have indicated that 5' flanking DNA sequences (nucleotides 366 to +46) are capable of regulating the lens-specific transcription of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene. Here we have analyzed these 5' regulatory sequences by transfecting explanted embryonic chicken lens epithelia with different alpha A-crystallin-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) hybrid genes (alpha A-crystallin promoter sequences fused to the bacterial CAT gene in the pSVO-CAT expression vector). The results indicated the presence of a proximal ( 88 to +46) and a distal (-111 to -88) domain which must interact for promoter function. Deletion experiments showed that the sequence between -88 and -60 was essential for function of the proximal domain in the explanted epithelia. A synthetic oligonucleotide containing the sequence between -111 and -84 activated the proximal domain when placed in either orientation 57 base pairs upstream from position -88 of the alpha A-crystallin-CAT hybrid gene. PMID- 3474519 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infections among civilian applicants for United States military service, October 1985 to March 1986. Demographic factors associated with seropositivity. AB - During the six months from October 1985 through March 1986, blood samples from 306,061 civilian applicants for military service from the United States were tested for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Four hundred sixty subjects were positive for the antibody as determined by Western (immune) blot reactivity. The mean prevalence of HIV infection in this population of teenagers and young adults was thus 1.50 per 1000. According to multivariate analysis, the following demographic factors were found to be significant independent predictors of a positive HIV-antibody test: age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.10 per year), black race (adjusted odds ratio = 2.04), male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84), residence in a densely populated county (adjusted odds ratio = 1.05 per 1000 per square mile), and residence in a metropolitan area with a high incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (adjusted odds ratio = 1.53). Antibody positive applicants were identified in 43 of the 50 states. Counties with high prevalence rates for HIV (greater than 5 per 1000) were located in New York State (four counties), New Jersey (three counties), California (two counties), Maryland (two counties), and Texas, Colorado, and Washington, D.C. PMID- 3474520 TI - Screening for HIV: can we afford the false positive rate? PMID- 3474522 TI - Lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic patients seropositive for HIV. PMID- 3474521 TI - Predictors of AIDS in homosexual men. PMID- 3474523 TI - Animal patent dispute out in the open at congressional hearings. PMID- 3474524 TI - DNA fingerprinting at a price at ICI's UK laboratory. PMID- 3474525 TI - AMA on AIDS tests. PMID- 3474526 TI - AIDS vaccine predictions. PMID- 3474527 TI - French AIDS campaign launched at long last. PMID- 3474528 TI - Targeting of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to mitochondria in transgenic plants. AB - Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and are synthesized as precursors containing a presequence at the N terminus. In yeast and in mammalian cells, the function of the presequence in mitochondrial targeting has been revealed by chimaeric gene studies. Fusion of a mitochondrial presequence to a foreign protein coding sequence enables the protein to be imported into mitochondria in vitro as well as in vivo. Whether plant mitochondrial presequences function in the same way has been unknown. We have previously isolated and characterized a nuclear gene (atp2-1) from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia that encodes the beta-subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. We have constructed a chimaeric gene comprising a putative atp2-1 presequence fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequence and introduced it into the tobacco genome. We report here that a segment of 90 amino acids of the N terminus of the beta-subunit precursor is sufficient for the specific targeting of the CAT protein to mitochondria in transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate a high specificity for organelle targeting in plant cells. PMID- 3474529 TI - Altered adhesive interactions with marrow stroma of haematopoietic progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - Normal haematopoietic cell regulation involves interaction between marrow stromal cells and haematopoietic progenitor cells which may be facilitated by specific recognition and adhesion. Some leukaemogenic events might produce a selective growth advantage by altering this regulatory network, possibly by diminishing the capacities of cells to adhere to stromal elements. Using an in vitro culture system which allows investigation of adhesion to stromal layers and subsequent colony formation by blast colony-forming cells (B1-CFC) in normal marrow and Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemic (CML) blood, we compared the adhesive properties of normal and malignant progenitor cells. We present evidence that altered adhesive interactions between primitive progenitor cells and marrow stromal cells occur in CML. PMID- 3474530 TI - We must be involved. PMID- 3474531 TI - In vitro modulation of adriamycin and mitoxantrone cytotoxicity by hyperthermia and diazepam, in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Adriamycin and mitoxantrone are known antitumor agents. The use of these agents is limited by their toxicity to normal body tissue. This paper shows that it is possible to achieve greater log cell-kill by using these drugs in combination with hyperthermia and diazepam. Experiments were carried out on 22 human chronic myeloid leukemia samples. 10 micrograms/ml adriamycin and 1 microgram/ml mitoxantrone were used in combination with hyperthermia 42 degrees C, for 3 h and 1 h respectively, with and without diazepam (1 microgram/ml). Inhibition of incorporation of radiolabeled nucleic acid precursor (3H-thymidine) in treated cells as compared to the untreated cells was used as a measure of cytotoxicity. The statistical evaluation of the data shows that the enhancement of drug cytotoxicity due to hyperthermia and diazepam is highly significant (p less than 0.001) in case of both the drugs. PMID- 3474532 TI - [Sialography of the sublingual gland: a chance finding]. PMID- 3474533 TI - [8 years' dental health education in Amsterdam. An study of the changes in knowledge, behavior and attitude of young Amsterdam mothers 1973-1981]. PMID- 3474534 TI - [The use of pharmacotherapeutical information sources by the dentist]. PMID- 3474535 TI - [Patient management problems as tests in dental education]. PMID- 3474536 TI - [2 unusual cases of trismus]. PMID- 3474537 TI - [AIDS and dentistry. Introduction to terminology]. PMID- 3474538 TI - [AIDS and dentistry. The epidemiology of a new disease]. PMID- 3474539 TI - [AIDS and dentistry. Oral manifestations in HIV infections]. PMID- 3474540 TI - [Medical dilemma of AIDS]. PMID- 3474541 TI - [AIDS and ethics]. PMID- 3474542 TI - [Overcoming of ACNU resistance in an ACNU-resistant subline of rat C6 glioma in vivo through enhanced effect of ACNU by calmodulin inhibitor]. AB - A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxic action of ACNU in C6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C6/ACNU) glioma cells in vitro. In order to clarify the efficacy of trifluoperazine in vivo, 1 X 10(7) C6 or C6/ACNU cells were percutaneously implanted into the cisterna magna of Wistar rats to produce meningeal gliomatosis (MG) models as a chemosensitivity assay system. MG rats were treated with ACNU and trifluoperazine according to a variety of schedules. Trifluoperazine in doses of 250 to 500 micrograms/kg intrathecally (it) administered with 1 mg/kg ACNU 1 day after the tumor inoculation significantly increased the life span of the C6/ACNU bearing (C6/ACNU MG) rats. At doses of 250 and 500 micrograms/kg of trifluoperazine in the C6/ACNU MG rats, values of increased life span of 22 and 30% were obtained with a 1 mg/kg dose of ACNU, respectively. These values were statistically significant compared with that obtained in the C6/ACNU MG rats treated with ACNU alone at 1 mg/kg. It might be concluded that the combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such a calmodulin inhibitor as trifluoperazine could overcome ACNU resistance in malignant brain tumors. PMID- 3474543 TI - Multiple system atrophy with retinal degeneration in a young child. AB - A 4-year-old girl with multiple system degeneration and retinal degeneration was presented. There was onset of an ataxic gait at two years and rapid progression of retinal degeneration, myoclonus and cranial nerve palsy. Neuropathological examination revealed severe degeneration of the cerebellar cortex and the pathways of auditory and deep sensation, as well as degeneration of the cerebellar efferent fibers, the striatonigral system, the cerebellar afferent fiber system and lower motor neurons. Cases of young children with spinocerebellar degeneration have been reported in several families of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), but degenerative changes in our case were more widespread than those in OPCA cases. The multiple system lesions in the central nervous system and retina of this child are different from those of any other previously reported cases. PMID- 3474545 TI - Pituitary growth hormone from human cadavers: neurologic disease in ten recipients. AB - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been reported in three US patients previously treated with human growth hormone derived from large pools of human cadaver pituitary glands (pit-hGH). Neurologic disorders other than CJD occurred in 10 growth hormone-deficient patients treated with pit-hGH. These 10 cases could have been chance events or true syndromes; some cases may have been caused by transmissible agents contained in the pooled growth hormone product. PMID- 3474544 TI - Neurological manifestations in three German children with AIDS. AB - We report the neurological findings in two children with AIDS and one child with lesser AIDS. The first patient developed acute encephalopathy 37 months after having received a blood transfusion from a HTLV-III positive donor. CCT showed ring-enhancement and hypodense lesions with homogenous enhancement. Autopsy revealed CNS toxoplasmosis. The second child with AIDS, born to an iv drug addicted mother, had one seizure at four months of age, but other neurologic signs were absent. She died of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii at seven months of age. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed extensive nerve cell damage in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, probably due to terminal hypoxemia and not AIDS-related. In both children clinical features of childhood AIDS like failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, oral thrush and chronic pulmonary infiltrates were absent. The hallmark of the third child's clinical course was a progressive loss of psychomotor abilities with onset of the neurological symptoms nine months before other signs of AIDS occurred. AIDS should be suspected or excluded in children at increased risk for AIDS presenting with either acquired atypical CNS infection or unexplained developmental regression, even in the absence of other clinical symptoms of pediatric AIDS. PMID- 3474546 TI - Skeletal myoclonus in olivopontocerebellar atrophy: treatment with trihexyphenidyl. AB - We studied two patients with nonfamilial olivopontocerebellar atrophy with skeletal myoclonus. Palatal or skeletal myoclonus is probably not a coincidental finding but another manifestation of the underlying disease. In both cases, the myoclonus was suppressed by administration of trihexyphenidyl, indicating a cholinergic disorder. PMID- 3474548 TI - Clinical confidentiality: dilemmas and guidelines. PMID- 3474547 TI - Maintenance and release of medical records. PMID- 3474549 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis. PMID- 3474550 TI - Advances in cancer: oncogenes in human neoplasia. PMID- 3474551 TI - Automobile accidents--seat belts and air bags. PMID- 3474552 TI - A review of urologic medical malpractice claims in New Jersey, 1977 to 1984. PMID- 3474553 TI - State of the art: Managing menopause and osteoporosis. PMID- 3474555 TI - HMO-IPA proposal. PMID- 3474554 TI - Systemic amyloidosis with pulmonary involvement in IgD myeloma. PMID- 3474556 TI - Blood glucose determinations. PMID- 3474557 TI - Graduate medical education in New Jersey. PMID- 3474558 TI - Some thoughts on GME and related topics. PMID- 3474559 TI - Analysis of graduate medical education costs in New Jersey for 1984. PMID- 3474560 TI - The 1985 New Jersey physician manpower supply. PMID- 3474561 TI - Results of the 1984 to 1985 survey of graduate medical education programs. PMID- 3474562 TI - The Advisory Graduate Medical Education Council of New Jersey. PMID- 3474563 TI - Federal policy on support of graduate medical education. PMID- 3474565 TI - What's new in urology? PMID- 3474564 TI - Skin popping. PMID- 3474566 TI - Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. PMID- 3474567 TI - Current concepts of oxygen therapy in COPD. PMID- 3474568 TI - Fungal nosocomial superinfection. PMID- 3474569 TI - Teenage suicide: causes, warning signs, and interventions. PMID- 3474570 TI - [Lining with a silicone material--experiments with a dual composition denture]. PMID- 3474572 TI - New faces and places at UWO. PMID- 3474571 TI - Phase I-II trial of aclacinomycin A given in a four-consecutive-day schedule to patients with solid tumours. A South-East European Oncology Group (SEEOG) Study. AB - Aclacinomycin A (ACM) in a daily dose of 30 mg/m2 was infused over 1 h on 4 consecutive days to 50 patients. Myelotoxicity was acceptable, nausea and vomiting was frequent, hair loss was mild. Grade 1-2 cardiac rhythm abnormalities were observed in 12% of the patients. Between days 1 and 4 the heart rate and the corrected Q-T interval increased while the amplitude of the T wave decreased significantly, cardiac contractility remained unchanged. In 24 evaluable breast cancer patients 1 complete remission (4%) and 2 partial remissions (8%) lasting for only 2-3 months were seen. None of the 8 patients suffering from ovarial cancer benefitted from ACM therapy. PMID- 3474573 TI - Cyclosporine. Transplant drug impacts dentistry. PMID- 3474574 TI - Study calls for dental office investigations. PMID- 3474575 TI - The patient's duty to himself. How this is seen in the practice. PMID- 3474576 TI - Canadian tax reform. Personal changes. PMID- 3474577 TI - [Tooth preservation as a strategy]. PMID- 3474578 TI - [Dentistry and oral medicine yesterday--today--tomorrow. Perspective from Vienna (2)]. PMID- 3474579 TI - [Resuscitation measures in life-threatening incidents in dental practice. Anesthesiological viewpoint]. PMID- 3474580 TI - Peritonsillar infections. AB - The preferred antibiotic treatment for tonsillar and peritonsillar infections remains high dosages of penicillin. Peritonsillar swelling can be probed by needle aspiration. Where necessary, immediate incision and drainage of an abscess can be achieved. Quinsy tonsillectomy may be carried out for the best abscess exposure. Interval tonsillectomy is advised for those patients who give histories of previous tonsillar infections. PMID- 3474581 TI - The implications of "controlled" studies of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. AB - The controversy over the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy is resolved in only very select clinical situations. An attempt is made to summarize and objectively criticize available data in this ongoing debate. PMID- 3474582 TI - Relationship between HTLV-III neutralizing antibody and clinical status of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex cases. AB - To investigate a possible protective role of HTLV-III neutralizing antibodies in individuals exposed to the virus, sera of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex were analyzed for neutralizability of HTLV-IIIB infectivity. Twelve pediatric patients (nine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex) were clinically stable and had survived more than 2 yr postonset. Their predominant clinical problems included lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, candidiasis, recurrent bacterial infections, failure to thrive, and lymphadenopathy. Twelve additional children (all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) were classified as clinically poor; 10 of them had died. Their median length of survival was less than 2 yr, and their disease spectrum included progressive encephalopathy, thymic depletion or atrophy, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in addition to many of the clinical features of the stable children. All (100%) of the stable patients possessed serum neutralizing antibody in contrast to only one of the 12 (8%) clinically poor patients. A simple decline in immunologic reactivity to HTLV-III antigens with disease progression did not account for this difference, since HTLV-III antibody titers of the clinically poor cases (1 X 10(2) to 1 X 10(7)) ranged as high as those of the stable cases (1 X 10(4) to 1 X 10(7)) when measured by the ELISA technique. Although stable cases possessed a higher geometric mean titer (2.8 X 10(5)) by ELISA than the poor cases (4 X 10(4)), this difference was not statistically significant. Serial serum samples from stable children exhibited continual neutralizing antibody activity while two of three clinically poor cases lacked neutralizing activity in serial specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474583 TI - [Central nervous system lesions in acute myeloid leukemias in children]. PMID- 3474584 TI - Involve nurses in smoke-free goals. PMID- 3474585 TI - Education and service: bridging the gaps. PMID- 3474586 TI - A profile of private specialty practice in Minnesota. PMID- 3474587 TI - Supply and demand for dental hygienists in Minnesota. PMID- 3474588 TI - Rotation plasty for childhood osteosarcoma. PMID- 3474589 TI - Sjogren's syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3474590 TI - A foreign body presenting as a periapical radiopacity. PMID- 3474591 TI - A case of multiple retention of primary teeth and delayed eruption of the permanent dentition. PMID- 3474592 TI - Oral pathology and oral radiology. PMID- 3474593 TI - Ludwig's angina. A "conservative" approach to management. PMID- 3474594 TI - Surgery as an adjunct in the orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canine. PMID- 3474595 TI - Orthodontic managements of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3474596 TI - Meswak versus chlorhexidine and a commercial toothpaste in plaque formation and gingivitis. PMID- 3474597 TI - Oral health status of community school children in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3474598 TI - Oral smear--early detection of oral malignant tumours. PMID- 3474599 TI - [Comparative study of portable equipment for use in a dental practice in a tropical environment]. PMID- 3474600 TI - Relationship between age and site specific periodontal disease. PMID- 3474601 TI - [Carious status of teeth in children before they begin to attend school]. PMID- 3474602 TI - [Our experiences with transparent cervical matrices]. PMID- 3474603 TI - [Periodontal status before the onset of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances]. PMID- 3474604 TI - [Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances and requirements of periodontal status before the onset of treatment]. PMID- 3474605 TI - [Cutaneous and mucosal lipoproteinosis (Urbach-Whiethe's disease) (case report)]. PMID- 3474606 TI - [Levels of various components of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation in diabetes mellitus patients]. AB - The state of the complement system was studied in 91 patients with insulin dependent and in 47 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. A study was made of the quantity of hemolytically effective molecules of some components C2, C4, C3, C5 of classic and factors B and D of alternative pathway of activation. Complement components were studied for control in 51 healthy blood donors. Antigens B8 and B18 of the HLA-histocompatibility system were studied in parallel in 24 patients and 21 donors. A significantly raised level of components C3 and C4, factors B and D was revealed in the patients with insulin dependent diabetes as compared to the controls (p less than 0.05). In non-insulin dependent diabetes C4, factors B and D were significantly raised and the level of C5 was lowered (p less than 0.05). In the patients with insulin dependent diabetes having antigens B18 the level of C3 was raised and the level of C4 was lowered as compared to the controls. The level of factors B and D was also lower than that in the diabetic patients. An analysis of the content of the complement components in 31 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy indicated a decrease in the levels of components C3 and C5 and an increase in the content of C4 (p less than 0.001) as compared to the normal. Diabetes was accompanied by considerable variations as compared to normal values characterizing the state of the complement system and reflecting, to a certain extent, the main features of the pathogenesis of disease. PMID- 3474607 TI - Profile analysis: detection of distantly related proteins. AB - Profile analysis is a method for detecting distantly related proteins by sequence comparison. The basis for comparison is not only the customary Dayhoff mutational distance matrix but also the results of structural studies and information implicit in the alignments of the sequences of families of similar proteins. This information is expressed in a position-specific scoring table (profile), which is created from a group of sequences previously aligned by structural or sequence similarity. The similarity of any other sequence (target) to the group of aligned sequences (probe) can be tested by comparing the target to the profile using dynamic programming algorithms. The profile method differs in two major respects from methods of sequence comparison in common use: (i) Any number of known sequences can be used to construct the profile, allowing more information to be used in the testing of the target than is possible with pairwise alignment methods. (ii) The profile includes the penalties for insertion or deletion at each position, which allow one to include the probe secondary structure in the testing scheme. Tests with globin and immunoglobulin sequences show that profile analysis can distinguish all members of these families from all other sequences in a database containing 3800 protein sequences. PMID- 3474608 TI - Human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein: the A and B chains with a connecting sequence are encoded by a single mRNA transcript. AB - The alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) is a plasma protein reported to play roles in bone mineralization and in the immune response. It is composed of two subunits, the A and B chains. Recombinant plasmids containing human cDNA AHSG have been isolated by screening an adult human liver library with a mixed oligonucleotide probe. The cDNA clones containing AHSG inserts span approximately 1.5 kilobase pairs and include the entire AHSG coding sequence, demonstrating that the A and B chains are encoded by a single mRNA transcript. The cDNA sequence predicts an 18 amino-acid signal peptide, followed by the A-chain sequence of AHSG. A heretofore unseen connecting sequence of 40 amino acids was deduced between the A- and B chain sequences. The connecting sequence demonstrates the unique amino acid doublets and collagen triplets found in the A and B chains; it is not homologous with other reported amino acid sequences. The connecting sequence may be cleaved in a posttranslational step by limited proteolysis before mature AHSG is released into the circulation or may vary in its presence because of alternative processing. The AHSG cDNA was utilized for mapping the AHSG gene to the 3q21--- qter region of human chromosome 3. The availability of the AHSG cDNA clone will facilitate the analysis of its genetic control and gene expression during development and bone formation. PMID- 3474609 TI - Amino acid substitutions in genetic variants of human serum albumin and in sequences inferred from molecular cloning. AB - The structural changes in four genetic variants of human serum albumin were analyzed by tandem high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the tryptic peptides, HPLC mapping and isoelectric focusing of the CNBr fragments, and amino acid sequence analysis of the purified peptides. Lysine-372 of normal (common) albumin A was changed to glutamic acid both in albumin Naskapi, a widespread polymorphic variant of North American Indians, and in albumin Mersin found in Eti Turks. The two variants also exhibited anomalous migration in NaDodSO4/PAGE, which is attributed to a conformational change. The identity of albumins Naskapi and Mersin may have originated through descent from a common mid-Asiatic founder of the two migrating ethnic groups, or it may represent identical but independent mutations of the albumin gene. In albumin Adana, from Eti Turks, the substitution site was not identified but was localized to the region from positions 447 through 548. The substitution of aspartic acid-550 by glycine was found in albumin Mexico-2 from four individuals of the Pima tribe. Although only single point substitutions have been found in these and in certain other genetic variants of human albumin, five differences exist in the amino acid sequences inferred from cDNA sequences by workers in three other laboratories. However, our results on albumin A and on 14 different genetic variants accord with the amino acid sequence of albumin deduced from the genomic sequence. The apparent amino acid substitutions inferred from comparison of individual cDNA sequences probably reflect artifacts in cloning or in cDNA sequence analysis rather than polymorphism of the coding sections of the albumin gene. PMID- 3474610 TI - Purification and characterization of three types of protein kinase C from rabbit brain cytosol. AB - Three types of protein kinase C were purified from rabbit brain cytosol. Each type has a molecular mass of approximately 80 kDa and serves as a receptor for phorbol esters. Polyclonal antibodies produced to two protein kinase C types were relatively type-specific, indicating that these proteins have unique antigenic determinants. We, therefore, characterized the enzymatic activities to determine if these proteins also had distinct biochemical properties. Type 1 protein kinase C was relatively less Ca2+-dependent than types 2 and 3. The addition of Ca2+ increased Vmax approximately 40% for type 1,600% for type 2, and 1400% for type 3 as compared to the Vmax measured at lower Ca2+ conditions. These results suggest that differences in primary structure can confer type-specific biochemical properties, and this in turn may provide the basis for protein kinase C type specific stimulus-response coupling. PMID- 3474611 TI - Regulated expression of multiple chicken erythroid membrane skeletal protein 4.1 variants is governed by differential RNA processing and translational control. AB - Protein 4.1 is an extrinsic membrane protein that facilitates the interaction of spectrin and actin in the erythroid membrane skeleton and exists as several structurally related polypeptides in chickens. The ratio of protein 4.1 variants is developmentally regulated during terminal differentiation of chicken erythroid and lenticular cells. To examine the mechanisms by which multiple chicken protein 4.1 variants are differentially expressed, we have isolated cDNA clones specific for chicken erythroid protein 4.1. We show that a single protein 4.1 gene gives rise to multiple 6.6-kilobase mRNAs by differential RNA processing. Furthermore, the ratios of protein 4.1 mRNAs change during chicken embryonic erythropoiesis. We observe a quantitative difference in variant ratios when protein 4.1 is synthesized in vivo or in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro. Our results show that the expression of multiple protein 4.1 polypeptides is regulated at the levels of translation and RNA processing. PMID- 3474612 TI - Domain structure of the glucocorticoid receptor protein. AB - The purified rat liver glucocorticoid receptor protein was analyzed by limited proteolysis and amino acid sequence determination. The NH2 terminus appears to be blocked. The steroid-binding domain, defined by a unique tryptic cleavage site, corresponds to the COOH-terminal part of the protein with the domain border in the region of residue 518. The DNA-binding domain, defined by a region with chymotryptic cleavage sites, is immediately adjacent to the steroid-binding domain and reflects another domain border in the region of residues 410-414. The results described at the protein level in this report confirm functional data previously obtained by mutations at the genetic level. PMID- 3474613 TI - Cloning and heterologous expression of a gene cluster for the biosynthesis of tetracenomycin C, the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic of Streptomyces glaucescens. AB - Through complementation of mutations specifically blocking the biosynthesis of tetracenomycin C by Streptomyces glaucescens and selecting for resistance to tetracenomycin C in Streptomyces lividans, all of the genes for the production of tetracenomycin C were inserted in pIJ702, a high copy-number Streptomyces gene cloning vector. The tcm biosynthetic and resistance genes occur as a single cluster in the S. glaucescens genome and are expressed in heterologous streptomycete hosts like S. lividans, resulting in the overproduction of pigmented intermediates of the tetracenomycin C biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 3474614 TI - Next-nucleotide effects in mutations driven by DNA precursor pool imbalances at the aprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Imbalances of the intracellular pools of the precursors of DNA synthesis, the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, produce marked shifts in the spectrum of mutations at the aprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutations induced by excess dTTP or dCTP are dominated by misincorporation of the nucleotide in excess, as determined by sequence analysis of cloned mutant genes. The shift in spectrum is also apparently influenced by the nucleotides surrounding the one altered--those 3' to the nucleotide misincorporated being present in excess in most of the mutant genes characterized. Since next-nucleotide effects are a property of DNA polymerases with "proofreading" activities, our data suggest that this function is part of the mammalian DNA replication complex. PMID- 3474615 TI - Prothymosin alpha in human blood. AB - The major cross-reacting peptide in human plasma detected with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for thymosin alpha 1 was identified as prothymosin alpha, based on its elution properties in gel-filtration chromatography and its amino acid composition after purification by HPLC. A small quantity (less than 10%) of the total cross-reacting material was recovered in fractions corresponding to lower molecular weight thymosin alpha 1-like peptides. The total quantity of cross reacting material detected in human blood, expressed as thymosin alpha 1 equivalents, was 11-14 pmol/ml (approximately 90% was recovered in the leukocyte fraction, approximately 10% was in the plasma fraction, and 1-2% was in the erythrocyte fraction). The peptide present in leukocytes was also identified as prothymosin alpha. After correction for the 5-times lower molar reactivity of prothymosin alpha in the thymosin alpha 1 RIA employed in these experiments, we estimate that the content of prothymosin alpha in human blood is 55-70 pmol/ml (0.6-0.8 microgram/ml). The relatively small quantities recovered in the erythrocyte and plasma fractions may be attributed to contamination of the former by leukocytes or to leakage from leukocytes into the plasma. PMID- 3474616 TI - Visualization of Ca2+-induced phospholipid domains. AB - Large vesicles (5-15 microns) were formed by hydrating a dried lipid film containing phospholipids labeled with a fluorophore in one fatty acid chain. By using a fluorescence microscope attached to a low-light-intensity charge-coupled device camera and digital-image processor, the vesicles were easily viewed and initially showed uniform fluorescence intensity across the surface. The fluorescence pattern of vesicles made with a fluorophore attached to phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine was unaffected by the presence of divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, or Cd2+. The fluorescence pattern of vesicles containing a fluorophore attached to the acidic phospholipids phosphatidylserine or phosphatidic acid showed distinct differences when treated with Ca2+ or Cd2+, although they were unaffected by Mg2+, Mn2+, or Zn2+. Treatment with 2.0 mM Ca2+ or Cd2+ resulted in the movement of the fluorophore to a single large patch on the surface of the vesicle. When vesicles were formed in the presence of 33 mol % cholesterol, patching was seen at a slightly lower Ca2+ concentration (1.0 mM). The possibility of interactions between Ca2+ and acidic phospholipids in plasma membranes was investigated by labeling erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts with fluorescent phosphatidic acid. When Ca2+ was added, multiple (five or six) small patches were seen per individual cell. The same pattern was observed when vesicles formed from whole lipid extracts of erythrocytes were labeled with fluorescent phosphatidic acid and then treated with Ca2+. This shows that the size and distribution of the Ca2+-induced domains depend on phospholipid composition. PMID- 3474617 TI - In vitro homing of hemopoietic stem cells is mediated by a recognition system with galactosyl and mannosyl specificities. AB - We synthesized a number of neoglycoprotein probes by covalently linking three biologically relevant sugars (mannose, galactose, and fucose) to a protein molecule so as to retain the pyranose (ring) form of sugars necessary for their interaction with lectins. In the presence of galactosyl and mannosyl but not fucosyl probes, the production of CFU-S [colony-forming unit(s) in spleen] and total cells was halted in murine long-term marrow cultures. Cobblestone areas disappeared in these cultures, indicating the inhibition of binding of hemopoietic cells to the stroma. Electron microscopy revealed no alterations of the stroma, and the probes did not have direct cytotoxic or inhibitory effects on the growth of CFU-S or CFU-C [colony-forming unit(s) in culture]. Stroma grown for 5 weeks in the presence of the probes could subsequently support the growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells when the probes were removed from the medium. Conversely, the proliferative capacity of CFU-S in the supernate, grown in the presence of the probes, was retained upon grafting to control stroma. Galactosyl and mannosyl but not fucosyl probes differentially agglutinated CFU-S in whole marrow-cell suspensions, suggesting the presence of membrane lectins with specificity for these sugars on the surface of CFU-S. We conclude that the binding of CFU-S to marrow stroma (homing) is mediated by a recognition system with galactosyl and mannosyl specificities. PMID- 3474618 TI - Isolation and characterization of a steroid sulfatase cDNA clone: genomic deletions in patients with X-chromosome-linked ichthyosis. AB - We have isolated several cDNA clones from a lambda gt11 expression library by screening with antibodies prepared against the microsomal enzyme steroid sulfatase, which is deficient in classical X-chromosome-linked ichthyosis patients. One of these clones (p422) has been assigned by mapping with a somatic cell hybrid panel and by in situ hybridization to Xp22.3. Clone p422 therefore has a coincident localization with the previously identified locus for steroid sulfatase expression in the region of the X chromosome escaping from inactivation. Twelve steroid sulfatase-deficient patients, including eight cases of classical ichthyosis, were found to be deleted for genomic sequences detected by the clone. PMID- 3474619 TI - Cloning of a brain protein identified by autoantibodies from a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. AB - Autoantibodies directed against neuronal proteins have been identified in some patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. To identify the molecular targets for these autoantibodies, we constructed a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library from human cerebellum and screened the library with IgG from a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. A single clone, pCDR2, produced a fusion protein that reacted strongly with the patient's IgG. The isolated pCDR2 clone was used to identify six overlapping cDNA clones. Sequencing of the pCDR clones revealed a distinctive pattern consisting of a unit of 18 nucleotides (6 amino acids) repeated in tandem along the entire cDNA sequence. This sequence is unlike any previously described eukaryotic gene. Southern blot analysis was consistent with single-copy representation of the CDR (cerebellar degeneration related) gene in the human and mouse genome. RNA blotting studies with normal tissues showed expression of the CDR gene to be largely restricted to brain. Expression of the CDR message was also noted in cell lines derived from cancers of neuroectodermal, kidney, and lung origin. PMID- 3474620 TI - Absence of serum growth hormone binding protein in patients with growth hormone receptor deficiency (Laron dwarfism). AB - It has recently been recognized that human serum contains a protein that specifically binds human growth hormone (hGH). This protein has the same restricted specificity for hGH as the membrane-bound GH receptor. To determine whether the GH-binding protein is a derivative of, or otherwise related to, the GH receptor, we have examined the serum of three patients with Laron-type dwarfism, a condition in which GH refractoriness has been attributed to a defect in the GH receptor. The binding of 125I-labeled hGH incubated with serum has been measured after gel filtration of the serum through an Ultrogel AcA 44 minicolumn. Nonspecific binding was determined when 125I-hGH was incubated with serum in the presence of an excess of GH. Results are expressed as percent of specifically bound 125I-hGH and as specific binding relative to that of a reference serum after correction is made for endogenous GH. The mean +/- SEM of specific binding of sera from eight normal adults (26-46 years of age) was 21.6 +/- 0.45%, and the relative specific binding was 101.1 +/- 8.6%. Sera from 11 normal children had lower specific binding of 12.5 +/- 1.95% and relative specific binding of 56.6 +/ 9.1%. Sera from three children with Laron-type dwarfism lacked any demonstrable GH binding, whereas sera from 10 other children with other types of nonpituitary short stature had normal relative specific binding. We suggest that the serum GH binding protein is a soluble derivative of the GH receptor. Measurement of the serum GH-binding protein may permit recognition of other abnormalities of the GH receptor. PMID- 3474621 TI - Distinct angiotensin II receptor in primary cultures of glial cells from rat brain. AB - Angiotensin II (Ang-II) has profound effects on the brain. Receptors for Ang-II have been demonstrated on neurons, but no relationship between glial cells and Ang-II has been established. Glial cells (from the hypothalamus and brain stem of 1-day-old rat brains) in primary culture have been used to demonstrate the presence of specific Ang-II receptors. Binding of 125I-Ang-II to glial cultures was rapid, reversible, saturable, and specific for Ang-II. The rank order of potency of 125I-Ang-II binding was as follows: Ang-II = [sarcosine1,Ala8]Ang-II greater than [sarcosine1,Ile8]Ang-II much greater than Ang-III greater than Ang I. Scatchard analysis revealed a homogeneous population of high-affinity (Kd = 1.1 nM) binding sites with a Bmax of 110 fmol/mg of protein. Light-microscopic autoradiography of 125I-Ang-II binding supported the kinetic data, documenting specific Ang-II receptors on the glial cells. Ang-II stimulated a dose-dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols in glial cells, an effect mediated by Ang-II receptors. However, Ang-II failed to influence [3H]norepinephrine uptake, and catecholamines failed to regulate Ang-II receptors, effects that occur in neurons. These observations demonstrate the presence of specific Ang-II receptors on the glial cells in primary cultures derived from normotensive rat brain. The receptors are kinetically similar to, but functionally distinct from, the neuronal Ang-II receptors. PMID- 3474622 TI - Apparatus for direct counting of beta-rays from two-dimensional protein gels: measurement of changes in protein synthesis due to changes in density of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - A method is described for scanning two-dimensional protein gels that utilizes direct counting of beta-rays instead of autoradiography. The methodology is compared with autoradiographic results and data are presented demonstrating changed patterns of protein synthesis accompanying changes in cell density. The method is rapid and permits identification of differences in protein abundance of approximately 10% for a substantial fraction of the more prominent proteins. A modulation effect of greater than 5 standard deviations is shown to occur for an appreciable number of the proteins that accompany the inhibition of cell growth due to contact inhibition. The method promises application to a variety of biochemical and genetic problems designed to delineate changes in protein synthesis accompanying changes in genome, molecular environment, history, and state of differentiation of the cell populations studied. PMID- 3474623 TI - DNA sequence analysis with a modified bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase. AB - A chemically modified phage T7 DNA polymerase has three properties that make it ideal for DNA sequencing by the chain-termination method. The enzyme is highly processive, catalyzing the polymerization of thousands of nucleotides without dissociating. By virtue of the modification the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity is eliminated. The modified polymerase efficiently uses nucleotide analogs that increase the electrophoretic resolution of bands in gels. Consequently, dideoxynucleotide-terminated fragments have highly uniform radioactive intensity throughout the range of a few to thousands of nucleotides in length. There is virtually no background due to terminations at pause sites or secondary-structure impediments. Processive synthesis with dITP in place of dGTP eliminates band compressions, making possible the unambiguous determination of sequences from a single orientation. PMID- 3474624 TI - Chicken intestinal 28-kilodalton calbindin-D: complete amino acid sequence and structural considerations. AB - The complete primary structure of the cholecalciferol-induced chicken intestinal 28-kDa calbindin-D is reported. It is a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 261 amino acid residues (computed Mr = 30,042) and is blocked at the amino terminus. Tryptic digestion of the S-pyridylethylated protein followed by HPLC peptide mapping and automated sequence determination provided the bulk of the sequence information. Subsequent chymotryptic and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease cleavages yielded the sequences of several additional regions as well as extensive overlapping of the tryptic peptides. The primary structure shows six homologous regions of sequence based on the EF-hand concept of calcium binding, four of which are predicted to actually bind calcium. Aside from these regions, there is no overall structural identity or apparent similarity with the mammalian calbindins (9 kDa), calmodulin, or troponin C. It is predicted that the secondary structure of 28-kDa calbindin-D is significantly different from the other proteins of this class, which bind four calcium atoms. PMID- 3474625 TI - Analysis of the tissue-specific enhancer at the 3' end of the chicken adult beta globin gene. AB - In an earlier paper we identified a tissue-specific enhancer in the 3' flanking region of the chicken adult beta-globin gene. In this paper we analyze the properties of this enhancer. Deletion analysis and transient expression assays show that the domain responsible for activation of transcription is at most 136 base pairs long. Specific factors that bind to discrete sequences within the enhancer DNA are found in extracts of embryonic and adult erythrocytes and in brain. These factors are specific for the tissue or the erythrocyte developmental stage and protect at least five discrete regions in or near the enhancer against DNase I digestion in "footprinting" experiments. Four of these regions reside wholly within the 136-base-pair functional enhancer domain, which also comprises a site in chromatin that is hypersensitive to nucleases. The nature of the binding sites and the program of appearance of the factors during development suggest that a subset of these interactions may be responsible for the developmental specificity of the enhancer. PMID- 3474626 TI - Human plasma apolipoprotein C-II: total solid-phase synthesis and chemical and biological characterization. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of human plasma apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) has been synthesized chemically by the solid-phase method using phenylacetamidomethyl-resin. All amino acids were coupled to the peptide-resin in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; tert-butyloxycarbonyl-protected amino acids with the appropriate side-chain-protecting groups that are stable to the reaction conditions used in the solid-phase methodology were used. After cleavage and deprotection, the crude apoC-II was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and then by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified apolipoprotein was found to elute as a single peak under various chromatographic conditions, and the overall yield of the final purified protein was 20.7%. Synthetic apoC-II was characterized by several complementary analytical techniques including amino acid composition, Edman phenylisothiocyanate degradation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The final product was found to be homogeneous and to activate normal human post-heparin lipase to the same extent as native apoC-II. The synthetic protein is also equally immunoreactive as native apoC-II. PMID- 3474627 TI - DNase I-hypersensitive sites associated with expression and hormonal regulation of mouse C4 and Slp genes. AB - There are four major regions of DNase I hypersensitivity in the 5' regions of the genes for the murine fourth component of complement (C4) and its homologous neighbor, Slp (sex-limited protein). Hypersensitivity around the start site of transcription and approximately equal to 0.5 kilobases upstream correlates qualitatively with expression of these genes. Two hypersensitive sites, at -2.3 and -2.0 kilobases, map specifically to the Slp gene and correlate with its hormonal regulation. That is, these sites are more prominent in male liver chromatin and become more apparent in chromatin from females treated with testosterone. Further, these sites are established in males to a greater extent than in females prior to expression of Slp and may reflect gene-commitment events. Comparison of chromatin from mouse strains differing in C4 and Slp alleles indicates that the four regions of hypersensitivity may be necessary but are not sufficient for high levels of expression. PMID- 3474628 TI - The gene-specific initiation factor USF (upstream stimulatory factor) bound at the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter: mass and three-dimensional structure. AB - The gene-specific transcription initiation factor USF (upstream stimulatory factor) binds at a palindromic sequence that extends from -52 to -63 relative to the start site of the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter; USF enhances in vitro transcription 10- to 20-fold. By analysis of digital micrographs from the Brookhaven scanning transmission electron microscope, we have identified a sample of 29 proteins (mass, 55 +/- 5 kDa) specifically bound at the palindrome. The individual protein digital images show extensive homology, which permits modeling a three-dimensional structure at a relatively low resolution, which is nonetheless significant for the study of protein-protein interactions in initiation. Non-sequence-specific competitor DNA at high mass excess can be used in reactions for microscopy, enabling characterization of specific binding for proteins present at 1% of total protein or less. PMID- 3474629 TI - Metal-dependent folding of a single zinc finger from transcription factor IIIA. AB - A 30-amino acid peptide, which corresponds to the second "zinc finger" domain of transcription factor IIIA, has been synthesized and purified. This peptide folds in the presence of zinc: adding Zn2+ significantly changes the circular dichroism spectrum, and Zn2+ protects the peptide from tryptic digestion. The peptide also binds Co2+, and the absorption spectrum of the Co2+ complex suggests that a tetrahedral binding site is formed by two cysteines and two histidines. Experiments at higher temperatures (60-75 degrees C) suggest that these folded metal-peptide complexes are quite thermostable. The peptide shows some sequence specific effects in DNase and methylation protection experiments. However, it does not give a clear "footprint," and some effects are observed in the absence of added zinc. PMID- 3474630 TI - Direct demonstration of the isomerization component of the monoterpene cyclase reaction using a cyclopropylcarbinyl pyrophosphate substrate analog. AB - The tightly coupled nature of the reaction sequence catalyzed by monoterpene cyclases has precluded direct observation of the topologically required isomerization step leading from geranyl pyrophosphate to the presumptive, enzyme bound, tertiary allylic intermediate linalyl pyrophosphate, which ultimately cyclizes to the various monoterpene skeletons. By using a partially purified monoterpene cyclase preparation and 2,3-cyclopropylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a substrate analog designed to uncouple the reaction sequence, the production of the corresponding tertiary homoallylic pyrophosphate isomer was demonstrated. This provides direct evidence for the usually cryptic isomerase component of the overall catalytic cycle. A number of other related products generated by reaction of cyclase with the analog were also identified, the structures and proportions of which were consistent with the intermediacy in catalysis of a cyclopropylcarbinyl cation X pyrophosphate anion pair. Kinetic parameters for the analog were compared with those of the natural substrate geranyl pyrophosphate. The results presented confirm mechanistic similarities in the enzymatic ionization and subsequent transformation of allylic pyrophosphate and cyclopropylcarbinyl pyrophosphate intermediates of isoprenoid metabolism. PMID- 3474631 TI - Exonucleolytic proofreading by calf thymus DNA polymerase delta. AB - The fidelity of DNA synthesis by calf thymus DNA polymerase delta (pol delta) in vitro has been determined using an M13lacZ alpha nonsense codon reversion assay. Pol delta is highly accurate, producing on average less than 1 single-base substitution error for each 10(6) nucleotides polymerized. This accuracy is 10- and 500-fold greater than that of DNA polymerases alpha and beta, respectively, in the same assay. Three observations suggest that this higher fidelity results in part from proofreading of misinserted bases by the 3' to 5' exonuclease associated with pol delta. First, the exonuclease efficiently excises terminally mismatched bases. Second, both terminal mismatch excision and the fidelity of DNA synthesis by pol delta are reduced with increasing concentration of deoxynucleoside triphosphates in the synthesis reaction. These effects result from increasing the rate of polymerization relative to the rate of exonucleolytic excision and are hallmarks of exonuclease proofreading. Third, both terminal mismatch excision and fidelity decrease upon addition to the reaction mixture of adenosine monophosphate, a compound known to selectively inhibit the exonuclease but not the polymerase activity of pol delta. These results suggest that 3' to 5' exonuclease-dependent proofreading enhances the fidelity of DNA synthesis by a mammalian DNA polymerase in vitro. PMID- 3474632 TI - Characterization of a preleukemic state induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus: evidence for two infection events during leukemogenesis. AB - A preleukemic state in mice inoculated with Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo MuLV) was characterized. Six to 10 weeks after neonatal inoculation, animals developed mild splenomegaly and generalized hematopoietic hyperplasia. The hyperplasia was evident from myeloid and erythroid progenitor assays. A nonleukemogenic variant, Mo+PyF101 Mo-MuLV, did not induce the hyperplasia; this suggests that the hyperplasia is a necessary event in Mo-MuLV leukemogenesis. Another variant, MF-MuLV, which contains the long terminal repeat of Friend MuLV and causes erythroid leukemia instead of T-cell lymphoma, also induced the preleukemic hyperplasia. A model for Mo-MuLV leukemogenesis is presented in which two infection events are necessary: the first leads to generalized hematopoietic hyperplasia, and the second results in site-specific insertion and long terminal repeat activation of cellular protooncogenes. PMID- 3474633 TI - Expression of active, membrane-bound human placental alkaline phosphatase by transfected simian cells. AB - Human placental alkaline phosphatase (PALPase) has been transiently expressed in simian (COS) cells by transfection with a eukaryotic expression vector containing the corresponding cDNA. The level of expression of PALPase was high, and it was produced in an enzymatically active form. The bulk of PALPase was associated with the cell membrane as shown by immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation studies. The PALPase produced by transfected COS cells, like PALPase in human tissue, was specifically released from the intact cells in a hydrophilic form by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and is, therefore, apparently attached to the outer membrane by means of a phosphatidylinositol-glycan. Transfected COS cells appear to be an excellent model for elucidating the mechanism of attachment of this phosphatidylinositol-glycan to a protein moiety. PMID- 3474634 TI - Hindered diffusion of inert tracer particles in the cytoplasm of mouse 3T3 cells. AB - Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we have studied the diffusion of fluorescein-labeled, size-fractionated Ficoll in the cytoplasmic space of living Swiss 3T3 cells as a probe of the physical chemical properties of cytoplasm. The results reported here corroborate and extend the results of earlier experiments with fluorescein-labeled, size-fractionated dextran: diffusion of nonbinding particles in cytoplasm is hindered in a size-dependent manner. Extrapolation of the data suggests that particles larger than 260 A in radius may be completely nondiffusible in the cytoplasmic space. In contrast, diffusion of Ficoll in protein solutions of concentration comparable to the range reported for cytoplasm is not hindered in a size-dependent manner. Although we cannot at present distinguish among several physical chemical models for the organization of cytoplasm, these results make it clear that cytoplasm possesses some sort of higher-order intermolecular interactions (structure) not found in simple aqueous protein solutions, even at high concentration. These results also suggest that, for native cytoplasmic particles whose smallest radial dimension approaches 260 A, size may be as important a determinant of cytoplasmic diffusibility as binding specificity. This would include most endosomes, polyribosomes, and the larger multienzyme complexes. PMID- 3474635 TI - Multiple point mutations in a shuttle vector propagated in human cells: evidence for an error-prone DNA polymerase activity. AB - Mutagenesis was studied at the DNA-sequence level in human fibroblast and lymphoid cells by use of a shuttle vector plasmid, pZ189, containing a suppressor tRNA marker gene. In a series of experiments, 62 plasmids were recovered that had two to six base substitutions in the 160-base-pair marker gene. Approximately 20 30% of the mutant plasmids that were recovered after passing ultraviolet-treated pZ189 through a repair-proficient human fibroblast line contained these multiple mutations. In contrast, passage of ultraviolet-treated pZ189 through an excision repair-deficient (xeroderma pigmentosum) line yielded only 2% multiple base substitution mutants. Introducing a single-strand nick in otherwise unmodified pZ189 adjacent to the marker, followed by passage through the xeroderma pigmentosum cells, resulted in about 66% multiple base substitution mutants. The multiple mutations were found in a 160-base-pair region containing the marker gene but were rarely found in an adjacent 170-base-pair region. Passing ultraviolet-treated or nicked pZ189 through a repair-proficient human B-cell line also yielded multiple base substitution mutations in 20-33% of the mutant plasmids. An explanation for these multiple mutations is that they were generated by an error-prone polymerase while filling gaps. These mutations share many of the properties displayed by mutations in the immunoglobulin hypervariable regions. PMID- 3474636 TI - Cytogenetic and molecular studies on a recombinant human X chromosome: implications for the spreading of X chromosome inactivation. AB - A pericentric inversion of a human X chromosome and a recombinant X chromosome [rec(X)] derived from crossing-over within the inversion was identified in a family. The rec(X) had a duplication of the segment Xq26.3----Xqter and a deletion of Xp22.3----Xpter and was interpreted to be Xqter----Xq26.3::Xp22.3--- Xqter. To characterize the rec(X) chromosome, dosage blots were done on genomic DNA from carriers of this rearranged X chromosome using a number of X chromosome probes. Results showed that anonymous sequences from the distal end of the long arm to which probes 4D8, Hx120A, DX13, and St14 bind as well as the locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were duplicated on the rec(X). Mouse human cell hybrids were constructed that retained the rec(X) in the active or inactive state. Analyses of these hybrid clones for markers from the distal short arm of the X chromosome showed that the rec(X) retained the loci for steroid sulfatase (STS) and the cell surface antigen 12E7 (MIC2); but not the pseudoautosomal sequence 113D. These molecular studies confirm that the rec(X) is a duplication-deficiency chromosome as expected. In the inactive state in cell hybrids, STS and MIC2 (which usually escape X chromosome inactivation) were expressed from the rec(X), whereas G6PD was not. Therefore, in the rec(X) X chromosome inactivation has spread through STS and MIC2 leaving these loci unaffected and has inactivated G6PD in the absence of an inactivation center in the q26.3----qter region of the human X chromosome. The mechanism of spreading of inactivation appears to operate in a sequence-specific fashion. Alternatively, STS and MIC2 may have undergone inactivation initially but could not be maintained in an inactive state. PMID- 3474637 TI - In vivo-like drug responses of human tumors growing in three-dimensional gel supported primary culture. AB - An in vitro test of cell sensitivity to drugs that indicates in vivo response is an important need in cancer therapy and cancer drug development. Toward this end, we previously developed a collagen gel-supported culture system for growth of human tumors. This three-dimensional culture system is general and grows tumors at high frequency directly from surgery or biopsy that maintain important in vivo properties in vitro, including tissue architecture. We report here that with autoradiographic techniques measuring cellular DNA synthesis the drug responses of individual cells within the tissue structure of in vitro-grown tumors can be determined. Twenty tumor classes, including all the major ones, have been measured in toto at greater than 50% frequency. Quantitative and qualitative results show increasing cell kill with rising cytotoxic drug concentration, differential drug sensitivities of multiple cell types within individual cultured tumors, differential sensitivities of a series of tumors of the same histopathological classification to a single drug, differential sensitivities of individual tumors to a series of drugs, and sensitivity patterns of various tumor types similar to the sensitivities found in vivo. Therefore, the results indicate that potentially important therapeutic data can be obtained from tumor specimens growing in vitro for the individual cancer patient as well as for rational and relevant screening for new agents active against human solid tumors. PMID- 3474638 TI - Primary structure of bovine pituitary secretory protein I (chromogranin A) deduced from the cDNA sequence. AB - Secretory protein I (SP-I), also referred to as chromogranin A, is an acidic glycoprotein that has been found in every tissue of endocrine and neuroendocrine origin examined but never in exocrine or epithelial cells. Its co-storage and co secretion with peptide hormones and neurotransmitters suggest that it has an important endocrine or secretory function. We have isolated cDNA clones from a bovine pituitary lambda gt11 expression library using an antiserum to parathyroid SP-I. The largest clone (SP4B) (approximately equal to 1.6 kilobases) hybridized to a transcript of 2.1 kilobases in RNA from parathyroid, pituitary, and adrenal medulla. Immunoblots of bacterial lysates derived from SP4B lysogens demonstrated specific antibody binding to an SP4B/beta-galactosidase fusion protein (160 kDa) with a cDNA-derived component of 46 kDa. Radioimmunoassay of the bacterial lysates with SP-I antiserum yielded parallel displacement curves of 125I-labeled SP-I by the SP4B lysate and authentic SP-I. SP4B contains a cDNA of 1614 nucleotides that encodes a 449-amino acid protein (calculated mass, 50 kDa). The nucleotide sequences of the pituitary SP-I cDNA and adrenal medullary SP-I cDNAs are nearly identical. Analysis of genomic DNA suggests that pituitary, adrenal, and parathyroid SP-I are products of the same gene. PMID- 3474639 TI - Depolarizing influences regulate preprotachykinin mRNA in sympathetic neurons. AB - We have been studying mechanisms regulating neurotransmitter plasticity in sympathetic neurons. Neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) synthesize multiple putative transmitters, including the peptide substance P (SP). We have now examined steady-state levels of the mRNA encoding preprotachykinin (PPT), the SP precursor. A cloned cDNA probe was used to examine regulation mRNA levels in culture and in vivo. In RNA gel blot experiments, a single band (1.1 kilobases long) was observed in all cases in which an RNA was detected. A low level of PPT mRNA was detected by RNase protection assay in uncultured ganglia, suggesting that the low levels of SP previously observed in the normal ganglion in vivo are synthesized locally. When ganglia were maintained in culture, with consequent denervation, the steady-state level of PPT mRNA increased by 25-fold over the first 24 hr, and the high level was maintained for at least 7 days. RNase protection experiments indicated that the major message in the SCG is the beta-PPT mRNA, encoding both SP and neurokinin A peptide regions. Accumulation of the PPT mRNA in cultured ganglia was sharply inhibited by the depolarizing agent veratridine, and this effect was blocked by tetrodotoxin. Therefore, one form of neuronal plasticity, change in neurotransmitter metabolism, is regulated at least in part by altering steady-state levels of specific mRNA. More generally, extracellular signals may contribute to neuronal plasticity through changes in gene expression. PMID- 3474641 TI - Conformation of a 16-residue zervamicin IIA analog peptide containing three different structural features: 3(10)-helix, alpha-helix, and beta-bend ribbon. AB - Boc-Trp-Ile-Ala-Aib-Ile-Val-Aib-Leu-Aib-Pro-Ala-Aib-Pro-Aib-Pro-Phe-OMe (where Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl and Aib is alpha-aminoisobutyric acid), a synthetic apolar analog of the membrane-active fungal peptide antibiotic zervamycin IIA, crystallizes in space group P1 with Z = 1 and cell parameters a = 9.086 +/- 0.002 A, b = 10.410 +/- 0.002 A, c = 28.188 +/- 0.004 A, alpha = 86.13 +/- 0.01 degrees, beta = 87.90 +/- 0.01 degrees, and gamma = 89.27 +/- 0.01 degrees; overall agreement factor R = 7.3% for 7180 data (F0 greater than 3 sigma) and 0.91-A resolution. The peptide backbone makes a continuous spiral that begins as a 3(10)-helix at the N-terminus, changes to an alpha-helix for two turns, and ends in a spiral of three beta-bends in a ribbon. Each of the beta-bends contains a proline residue at one of the corners. The torsion angles phi i range from -51 degrees to -91 degrees (average value -64 degrees), and the torsion angles psi i range from -1 degree to -46 degrees (average value -31 degrees). There are 10 intramolecular NH...OC hydrogen bonds in the helix and two direct head-to-tail hydrogen bonds between successive molecules. Two H2O and two CH3OH solvent molecules fill additional space with appropriate hydrogen bonding in the head-to tail region, and two additional H2O molecules form hydrogen bonds with carbonyl oxygens near the curve in the helix at Pro-10. Since there is only one peptide molecule per cell in space group P1, the molecules repeat only by translation, and consequently the helices pack parallel to each other. PMID- 3474642 TI - 4-Spiro[2.n]alkyl cations and their rearrangements. AB - A series of 4-spiro[2.n]alkanols, where n = 3-7, were ionized in either FSO3H x SbF5/SO2ClF or SbF5/SO2ClF at -78 degrees C and -130 degrees C. The resulting solutions were studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy over the temperature range of -130 degrees C to -10 degrees C. The 4-spiro[2.5]octanol gave the expected static 4 spiro[2.5]octyl cation, which can be considered as a long-lived secondary cyclohexyl cation stabilized by an adjacent spirocyclopropane ring. The same spiro[2.5]octyl cation was also obtained by ionization of isomeric bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-1-ol and bicyclo[4.1.0]heptyl-1-methanol. The static spiro[2.5]-octyl cation was found to rearrange to the equilibrating 1 bicyclo[3.3.0]octyl cation above -10 degrees C. On the other hand, the 4 spiro[2.4]heptanol gave the rearranged 1-methylcyclohexenyl cation. The spiro[2.6]nonanol gave directly the equilibrating 1-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl cation. The other 4-spiro[2.n]-alkanols (n = 3 and 7) gave unidentifiable polymeric products. The ionization of 3-spirocyclopropyl-2-norbornanol yields only the rearranged 2-methylbicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-2-yl cation. PMID- 3474640 TI - Heterodimers and homodimers of inhibin subunits have different paracrine action in the modulation of luteinizing hormone-stimulated androgen biosynthesis. AB - Inhibin, a gonadal hormone capable of preferential suppression of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion, has recently been purified. The major form of this protein is an alpha beta heterodimer encoded by two separate genes. In contrast to the FSH-suppressing action of the alpha beta heterodimer, the beta beta homodimer stimulates FSH secretion. Luteinizing hormone (LH) secreting pituitary cells and gonadal androgen-producing cells have long been shown to form a closed-loop feedback axis. Based on recent studies demonstrating the FSH stimulation of inhibin biosynthesis by ovarian granulosa and testis Sertoli cells, an additional closed-loop feedback axis exists between pituitary FSH- and gonadal inhibin-producing cells. Because uncharacterized Sertoli cell factors have been suggested to either stimulate or inhibit androgen production by testicular Leydig cells, we have tested the intragonadal paracrine actions of heterodimers and homodimers of inhibin subunits. In primary cultures of testis cells, the alpha beta heterodimer of inhibin enhances Leydig cell androgen biosynthesis stimulated by LH, whereas the beta beta homodimer suppresses androgen production. Furthermore, similar modulatory actions of inhibin-related proteins were found in cultured ovarian theca-interstitial cells and theca explants treated with LH. In contrast, treatment with the inhibin-related proteins alone did not affect gonadal steroidogenesis. Our data indicate that the inhibin-related gene products synthesized by Sertoli and granulosa cells may form heterodimers or homodimers to serve as intragonadal paracrine signals in the modulation of LH-stimulated androgen biosynthesis and allow cross-communication between the two feedback loops. PMID- 3474643 TI - Hexahydro-1,4-thiazepine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and thiomorpholine-3,5 dicarboxylic acid are present in normal human urine. AB - Hexahydro-1,4-thiazepine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and thiomorpholine-3,5 dicarboxylic acid, simply referred to as cyclothionine and TMDA, respectively, are two cyclic sulfur-containing imino acids detected in bovine brain. Human urine has been investigated to establish the occurrence of these imino acids as common constituents under normal conditions. The morning urine of healthy subjects has been analyzed for enrichment of these compounds by using an ion exchange procedure. Gas/liquid chromatography of the final extracts revealed the presence of peaks coeluting with authentic cyclothionine and TMDA. The latter compound eluted very close to an unknown sulfur-containing compound. A resolved peak of TMDA has been obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography of the final extracts derivatized with phenylisothiocyanate. Selected ion monitoring with multiple-ion detection applied to the compounds separated by gas chromatography revealed the presence of the respective molecular ions and of the decarboxylated fragments, thus confirming the identification of cyclothionine and TMDA in human urine. PMID- 3474644 TI - Formation of the triple-stranded polynucleotide helix, poly(A.A.U). AB - A polynucleotide helical structure containing two strands of poly(A) and one of poly(U) is reported. As shown by spectroscopic observations, the complex only forms when the poly(A) strands are of Mr between 9000 and 50,000 (degree of polymerization congruent to 28-150), whereas the size of the poly(U) strand has no effect. This limitation may explain why poly(A.A.U) was not seen in previous investigations. The potential of the poly(A) tails of mRNA for formation of this triple helix and of A.A.U or/and A.A.T triplet formation to contribute to the binding of specific RNA strands to gene-encoding nucleic acid double helices are noted. PMID- 3474645 TI - Oligo(alpha-deoxynucleotide)s covalently linked to intercalating agents: differential binding to ribo- and deoxyribopolynucleotides and stability towards nuclease digestion. AB - An octathymidylate was synthesized with the alpha anomer of thymidine instead of the naturally occurring beta anomer. This oligonucleotide binds to complementary sequences containing beta-nucleosides. Binding to ribose-containing oligomers and polymers is much stronger than binding to deoxyribose-containing analogs. A derivative of acridine (9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine) was covalently attached either to the 5' phosphate or to the 3' phosphate of the alpha octathymidylate. A pentamethylene linker was used to bridge the phosphate group and the 9-amino group of the acridine derivative. In both cases the complexes with the complementary sequences were strongly stabilized due to the additional binding energy provided by intercalation of the acridine ring within the miniduplex structure formed by the oligonucleotide with its target sequence. The acridine-substituted alpha-oligothymidylates did not lose their discrimination between ribose and deoxyribose-containing complementary sequences. The alpha oligothymidylates were much more resistant towards endonucleases than their beta analogs, independently of whether they were linked to the acridine derivative. Acridine substitution provided additional protection against the corresponding exonucleases. alpha-Oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked or not to intercalating agents represent families of molecules that open possibilities to block mRNA translation or viral RNA expression in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3474646 TI - Amplification and rearrangement of the Kirsten ras oncogene in virus-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells during malignant tumor progression. AB - Analyses of the cellular and viral Kirsten ras genes (c-Ki-ras and v-Ki-ras, respectively) during malignant tumor progression were performed by using Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells that harbor a replication defective provirus. After injection into athymic nude mice by four different routes, primary tumors and secondary lung metastases were isolated, adapted to in vitro growth, and analyzed for DNA levels and mRNA expression of both genes for comparison with the originally injected transformed cells and untransformed 3T3 cells. For all tumors (primary or secondary), the v-Ki-ras gene was amplified and v-Ki-ras mRNA expression was highly elevated above that observed in the original transformed cell population. In two of five lung metastases from the i.v. and footpad injection routes, rearranged Ki-ras DNA sequences were observed. Micrometastases from the s.c. route of injection did not display these alterations. Injection of footpad lung tumor cells with rearrangements into a second group of animals led to multiple lung metastases with even further rearrangements correlating with more effective lung colonization/growth ability (overt lung tumors in five of eight animals less than 20 days after injection). However, reinjection of an i.v. lung tumor with rearranged Ki-ras led to no further rearrangements in the lung microfoci tumors isolated greater than 40 days after injection. These data suggest (i) the significance of amplification and elevated expression of v-Ki-ras in tumor formation, (ii) correlation of this amplification with more effective tumor progression, and (iii) the selective advantage that cells with Ki-ras DNA sequence additions have in the formation of overt lung tumors. PMID- 3474647 TI - Gene expression from transcriptionally disabled retroviral vectors. AB - Retroviral vectors are used for the efficient transfer of foreign genes into mammalian cells. We report here the construction of murine retrovirus-based vectors carrying the full-length cDNA for human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) and from which the enhancer sequences, the "CAAT box," and the "TATA box" in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) have been deleted. After infection of HPRT-deficient rat cells by the vectors, transcriptional activity from the 5' LTR was undetectable and expression of the HPRT cDNA was dependent on an internal promoter. Removal of the LTR regulatory elements increased HPRT gene expression from an internal promoter, indicating interference between the two sets of transcriptional signals. Such disabled vectors may reduce the likelihood of undesirable genetic changes through insertional mutagenesis in cells infected with retroviral vectors. PMID- 3474648 TI - Selective transcription and DNase I protection of the rat prolactin gene by GH3 pituitary cell-free extracts. AB - Prolactin (PRL) is a member of the growth hormone gene family that is specifically expressed in the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary. Whole cell extracts have been prepared from cultured GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells to study lactotroph-specific expression of the rat PRL (rPRL) gene in an in vitro transcription assay. The human alpha 1-globin and Rous sarcoma virus promoters efficiently initiate transcription in both HeLa and GH3 cell extracts, whereas the rPRL promoter containing 425 base pairs of 5' flanking DNA is active only in GH3 pituitary cell-free extracts. Transcription of the rPRL gene was reconstituted in HeLa cell extracts by the addition of GH3 cell extracts. DNase I digestion of the rPRL promoter reveals two protected regions centered at positions -55 (I) and -160 (III) that are GH3 cell-specific and rPRL promoter selective. These "footprints" overlie a highly conserved 8-base-pair motif, CCTGATAATA. By contrast, footprint II at position -125 is common to both HeLa and GH3 cell extracts and overlies a 15-base-pair sequence found in all members of the growth hormone gene family. Thus, GH3 pituitary cell-free extracts selectively transcribe the rPRL gene and contain cell-specific factors that directly interact with the rPRL promoter. These studies provide useful assays to further identify, purify, and characterize pituitary-specific transcription factors and to address the biochemical mechanisms involved in rPRL gene expression. PMID- 3474649 TI - Millisecond Fourier-transform infrared difference spectra of bacteriorhodopsin's M412 photoproduct. AB - We have obtained room-temperature transient infrared difference spectra of the M412 photoproduct of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) by using a "rapid-sweep" Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) technique that permits the collection of an entire spectrum (extending from 1000 to 2000 cm-1 with 8-cm-1 resolution) in 5 ms. These spectra exhibit less than 10(-4) absorbance unit of noise, even utilizing wet samples containing approximately 10 pmol of bR in the measuring beam. The bR----M transient difference spectrum is similar to FT-IR difference spectra previously obtained under conditions where M decay was blocked (low temperature or low humidity). In particular, the transient spectrum exhibits a set of vibrational difference bands that were previously attributed to protonation changes of several tyrosine residues on the basis of isotopic derivative spectra of M at low temperature. Our rapid-sweep FT-IR spectra demonstrate that these tyrosine/tyrosinate bands are also present under more physiological conditions. Despite the overall similarity to the low-temperature and low-humidity spectra, the room-temperature bR----M transient difference spectrum shows significant additional features in the amide I and amide II regions. These features' presence suggests that a small alteration of the protein backbone accompanies M formation under physiological conditions and that this conformational change is inhibited in the absence of liquid water. PMID- 3474650 TI - Peroxisome proliferator-binding protein: identification and partial characterization of nafenopin-, clofibric acid-, and ciprofibrate-binding proteins from rat liver. AB - Peroxisome proliferators (PP) induce a highly predictable pleiotropic response in rat and mouse liver that is characterized by hepatomegaly, increase in peroxisome number in hepatocytes, and induction of certain peroxisomal enzymes. The PP binding protein (PPbP) was purified from rat liver cytosol by a two-step procedure involving affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. Three PP, nafenopin and its structural analogs clofibric acid and ciprofibrate, were used as affinity ligands and eluting agents. This procedure yields a major protein with an apparent Mr of 70,000 on NaDodSO4/PAGE in the presence of reducing agent and Mr 140,000 (Mr 140,000-160,000) on gel filtration and polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, indicating that the active protein is a dimer. This protein has an acidic pI of 4.2 under nondenaturing conditions, which rises to 5.6 under denaturing conditions. The isolation of the same Mr 70,000 protein with three different, but structurally related, agents as affinity ligands and the immunological identity of the isolated proteins constitute strong evidence that this protein is the PPbP capable of recognizing PP that are structurally related to clofibrate. The PPbP probably plays an important role in the regulation of PP-induced pleiotropic response. PMID- 3474651 TI - Rapid and reversible changes in nucleosome structure accompany the activation, repression, and superinduction of murine fibroblast protooncogenes c-fos and c myc. AB - A procedure for the isolation of transcriptionally active nucleosomes was used to monitor changes in chromatin structure during the activation, repression, and superinduction of the protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc. Nuclei were isolated from murine fibroblasts at successive times after stimulation of quiescent cell cultures with serum or platelet-derived growth factor. The nucleosomes released by a brief micrococcal nuclease digestion were fractionated by HgII-affinity chromatography to separate the unfolded nucleosomes of transcriptionally active genes (in which the sulfhydryl groups of histone H3 are accessible for binding to HgII) from the compactly beaded nucleosomes of transcriptionally inert DNA sequences (in which the H3 sulfhydryl groups are not accessible). The DNA sequence contents of the HgII-bound and unbound nucleosome fractions were compared by slot-blot hybridizations to 32P-labeled cloned probes for c-fos and c myc. The binding of the c-fos and c-myc nucleosomes to the HgII column accurately reflected both the timing and the degree of their expression, as determined by run-off transcription assays with the isolated nuclei. The superinduction of c fos and c-myc expression by an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) was reflected in the persistence of the unfolded, transcriptionally active state of their component nucleosomes. These results provide direct evidence that rapid and reversible changes in nucleosome topography accompany the program of oncogene expression, and they suggest a way to monitor aberrant gene activity during malignant transformation. PMID- 3474652 TI - Synchronous oscillations in microtubule polymerization. AB - Under conditions where microtubule nucleation and growth are fast (i.e., high magnesium ion and tubulin concentrations and absence of glycerol), microtubule assembly in vitro exhibits an oscillatory regime preceding the establishment of steady state. The amplitude of the oscillations can represent greater than 50% of the maximum turbidity change and oscillations persist for up to 20 periods of 80 s each. Oscillations are accompanied by extensive length redistribution of microtubules. Preliminary work suggests that the oscillatory kinetics can be simulated using a model in which many microtubules undergo synchronous transitions between growing and rapidly depolymerizing phases, complicated by the kinetically limiting rate of nucleotide exchange on free tubulin. PMID- 3474653 TI - Cofilin is a component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods induced in cultured cells. AB - Incubation of cultured cells under specific conditions induces a dramatic change in the actin organization: induction of intranuclear and/or cytoplasmic actin rods (actin paracrystal-like intracellular structures). We have found that cofilin, a 21-kDa actin-binding protein, is a component of these rods. Antibodies directed against cofilin labeled intranuclear actin rods induced in cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide or exposed to heat shock and also labeled cytoplasmic actin rods induced in cells incubated in specific salt buffers. Moreover, we found that these actin rods are not stained with fluorescent phalloidin derivatives at all and appear to be right-handed helices, different from straight bundles of F-actin such as stress fibers. In vitro experiments revealed that cofilin and phalloidin compete with each other for binding to F-actin. Since cofilin and phalloidin have the ability to stoichiometrically bind actin molecule in the filament in vitro, the above results seem to suggest that cofilin directly binds to actin molecule in nearly an equimolar ratio in these rods. We call these rods "actin/cofilin rods." PMID- 3474654 TI - Protein kinase C activity and hexamethylenebisacetamide-induced erythroleukemia cell differentiation. AB - Hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) is a potent inducer of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation. The mechanism of action of HMBA is not known. In this study we provide evidence that protein kinase C has a role in inducer-mediated MEL cell differentiation: (i) HMBA induces the formation of a soluble, proteolytically activated form of protein kinase C that is catalytically active in the absence of Ca2+ and phospholipid; (ii) the protease inhibitor leupeptin blocks formation of this activated form of the kinase and inhibits HMBA-induced MEL cell hemoglobin accumulation; (iii) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibits HMBA-induced MEL differentiation and causes depletion of total protein kinase C activity; (iv) MEL cells depleted in protein kinase C activity by culture with PMA are resistant to induction by HMBA; (v) upon removal of PMA, restoration of MEL cell sensitivity to HMBA is correlated with reaccumulation of protein kinase C activity; and (vi) MEL cells grown to density arrest are both depleted of protein kinase C activity and resistant to HMBA. Together, these results suggest that HMBA-mediated MEL cell differentiation involves a protein kinase C-related mechanism and the proteolytically activated form of the kinase, which does not require Ca2+ or phospholipid for its catalytic activity. PMID- 3474655 TI - Transforming growth factor type beta specifically stimulates synthesis of proteoglycan in human adult arterial smooth muscle cells. AB - Myo-intimal proteoglycan metabolism is thought to be important in blood vessel homeostasis, blood clotting, atherogenesis, and atherosclerosis. Human platelet derived transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta) specifically stimulated synthesis of at least two types of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in nonproliferating human adult arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. Stimulation of smooth muscle cell proteoglycan synthesis by smooth muscle cell growth promoters (epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and heparin binding growth factors) was less than 20% of that elicited by TGF-beta. TGF-beta neither significantly stimulated proliferation of quiescent smooth muscle cells nor inhibited proliferating cells. The extent of TGF-beta stimulation of smooth muscle cell proteoglycan synthesis was similar in both nonproliferating and growth-stimulated cells. TGF-beta, which is a reversible inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation, had no comparable effect on endothelial cell proteoglycan synthesis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that TGF-beta is a cell-type-specific regulator of proteoglycan synthesis in human blood vessels and may contribute to the myo-intimal accumulation of proteoglycan in atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 3474656 TI - Cell patterning in pigment-chimeric eyes of Xenopus: local cues control the decision to become germinal cells. AB - Between 2.5 and 4 days of development, cell proliferation in the Xenopus eye becomes confined to a narrow ring of germinal cells at the front rim of the eye cup. Continued growth of the eye (which lasts until well beyond metamorphosis) is by the continued proliferation of cells in this germinal zone. To determine what factor(s) promotes cell division in this region of the eye long after it ceases at the back of the eye (near the optic nerve), we have transplanted small groups of eye cells from pigmented donor embryos into the eyes of albino hosts, transposing cells from the mitotically quiescent back of the eye to the germinal zone and vice versa. Regardless of their position of origin in the donor eye, only implants into the host germinal zone behaved like germinal cells--as assayed in the living growing eye by the addition of black tissue to the pigment retinal epithelium. Conversely when donor germinal cells were implanted into the back of the host eye, they ceased dividing once they became integrated into the eye and remained as a tiny black spot on the back of the host eye. This suggests that local environmental cues, rather than intrinsic cellular determinants, specify the fates of eye cells ensuring that cells on the eye rim will continue to function as germinal cells while others will withdraw from the cell cycle. PMID- 3474657 TI - Distinct developmental patterns of c-mos protooncogene expression in female and male mouse germ cells. AB - The protooncogene c-mos is expressed in murine reproductive tissues, producing transcripts of 1.7 and 1.4 kilobases in testis and ovary, respectively. In situ hybridization analysis of c-mos expression in histological sections of mouse ovaries revealed that oocytes are the predominant if not exclusive source of c mos transcripts. c-mos transcripts accumulate in growing oocytes, increasing 40- to 90-fold during oocyte and follicular development. c-mos transcripts were also detected in male germ cells and are most abundant after the cells have entered the haploid stage of spermatogenesis. This developmentally regulated pattern of c mos expression in oocytes and spermatogenic cells suggests that the c-mos gene product may have a function in normal germ-cell differentiation or early embryogenesis. PMID- 3474658 TI - The lens protein alpha A-crystallin of the blind mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi: evolutionary change and functional constraints. AB - The complete structure of the single-copy alpha A-crystallin gene of the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi) has been determined in order to elucidate the evolutionary effects of the loss of vision on a lens-specific protein and its gene. The alpha A-crystallin gene appears to have all the necessary transcriptional and translational signal sequences to be expressed in the rudimentary lens of the mole rat and gives rise to probably two protein products by means of alternative splicing, as in rodents with normal vision. Comparisons of the blind mole rat alpha A-crystallin sequence with alpha A sequences from other rodents reveal a considerable acceleration of the substitution rate at nonsynonymous positions in the mole rate lineage, which reflects a relaxation of selective constraints, but the acceleration is not to the extent that might be expected if the gene were now without any function. The remaining evolutionary constraints still imposed upon the mole rat alpha A-crystallin gene may possibly reflect the need for alpha-crystallin expression as an indispensable component in the developmental program of the atrophied eye. PMID- 3474659 TI - Retroviral gene transfer into primary hepatocytes: implications for genetic therapy of liver-specific functions. AB - The liver is an important target for potential gene therapy because of the critical role it plays in intermediary metabolism and synthesis of serum proteins. We report the use of retroviral vectors for transfer of recombinant genes into primary mouse hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were grown in a defined serum free medium and expressed liver-specific functions for up to 14 days. Hepatocytes were transformed to Genticin (G418) resistance by infection with recombinant retroviruses carrying the Tn5 neomycin-resistance gene. The G418-resistant cells exhibited characteristic hepatocyte morphology and continued to express liver specific gene function. A retrovirus that expresses neomycin resistance driven by a herpes simplex thymidine kinase promoter produced the most efficient transformation compared with viruses using the retroviral long terminal repeat promoter or the simian virus 40 early-region promoter. These experiments indicate that primary hepatocytes can be successfully cultured and transformed with recombinant genes using retroviral vectors. These results provide a model for future somatic gene replacement therapy in which functional genes can be introduced into hepatocytes by viral-mediated gene transfer. PMID- 3474660 TI - Bile acid metabolism in hereditary forms of hypertriglyceridemia: evidence for an increased synthesis rate in monogenic familial hypertriglyceridemia. AB - This study was undertaken to characterize bile acid metabolism in hereditary forms of hypertriglyceridemia. Ten hypertriglyceridemic patients (type IV phenotype) with familial combined hyperlipidemia and 7 patients with monogenic familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) were compared with 18 healthy controls; all subjects were males. Pool size, synthesis rate, and fractional catabolic rate of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids were determined with an isotope dilution technique. Patients with FHTG had synthesis rates of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and total bile acids above those seen in normal controls (P less than 0.001); also the fractional catabolic rates of both bile acids were increased (P less than 0.001). In contrast, bile acid kinetic parameters were- with one exception--within normal limits in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. The abnormality of bile acid metabolism could also be identified in a normolipidemic individual presumed to carry the gene for FHTG. The postprandial rise of serum bile acids was blunted in FHTG, indicating that the intestinal uptake of bile acids may be deficient in this condition. We conclude that FHTG, but not familial combined hyperlipidemia, is frequently associated with a defective regulation of bile acid synthesis, resulting in abnormally high production rate of bile acids. It is hypothesized that this abnormality is important for the subsequent development of hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 3474661 TI - Dequalinium, a topical antimicrobial agent, displays anticarcinoma activity based on selective mitochondrial accumulation. AB - Positively charged lipophilic compounds, such as rhodamine 123, localize in mitochondria and are selectively accumulated and retained by carcinoma cells. It has been suggested that this phenotype may be exploited for selective killing of carcinoma cells by lipophilic cations. Here we report that doubly positively charged dequalinium, which has been used for 30 years as an antimicrobial agent in over-the-counter mouthwashes, lozenges, ointments, and paints, exhibits significant anticarcinoma activity. Dequalinium is more effective than seven of eight established anticancer drugs in prolonging the survival of mice with intraperitoneally implanted mouse bladder carcinoma MB49. Dequalinium also inhibits the growth of subcutaneously implanted human colon carcinoma CX-1 in nude mice and recurrent rat colon carcinoma W163 in rats. Lipophilic cationic compounds, such as dequalinium, could comprise a unique class of anticarcinoma agents. PMID- 3474663 TI - Synthesis of acetylcholine from choline derived from phosphatidylcholine in a human neuronal cell line. AB - Cholinergic neurons are unique among cells since they alone utilize choline not only as a component of major membrane phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (Ptd-Cho), but also as a precursor of their neurotransmitter acetylcholine (AcCho). It has been hypothesized that choline-phospholipids might serve as a storage pool of choline for AcCho synthesis. The selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurons in certain neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer disease, motor neuron disorders) might result from the abnormally accelerated liberation of choline (to be used as precursor of AcCho) from membrane phospholipids, resulting in altered membrane composition and function and compromised neuronal viability. However, the proposed metabolic link between membrane turnover and AcCho synthesis has been difficult to demonstrate because of the heterogeneity of the preparations used. Here we used a population of purely cholinergic cells (human neuroblastoma, LA-N-2), incubated in the presence of [methyl-3H]methionine to selectively label PtdCho synthesized by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine, the only pathway of de novo choline synthesis. PtdCho, purified by thin-layer chromatography, contained 90% of the label incorporated into lipids, demonstrating that LA-N-2 cells contained phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Three peaks of radioactive material that cochromatographed with authentic Ac-Cho, choline, and phosphocholine were observed when the water-soluble metabolites of the [3H]PtdCho were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Their identities were ascertained by subjecting them to enzymatic modifications with acetylcholinesterase, choline oxidase, and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. The results demonstrate that AcCho can be synthesized from choline derived from the degradation of endogenous PtdCho formed de novo by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. PMID- 3474662 TI - Astroglial and fibroblast growth factors have neurotrophic functions for cultured peripheral and central nervous system neurons. AB - Embryonic and neonatal neurons require specific trophic supplements for their survival and the induction of transmitter-synthesizing enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF) and the closely related astroglial growth factors AGF-1 and AGF-2 were studied for putative neurotrophic functions using dissociated, highly neuron-enriched cultures from chick and rat peripheral ganglia and central nervous system tissues. Embryonic chick ciliary ganglion neurons were the only peripheral neurons that responded to bFGF and AGF-2 by enhanced survival equivalent to that obtained with ciliary neurotrophic factor. Half-maximal effects were achieved with bFGF at 360 pg/ml or AGF-2 at 3 ng/ml. Small effects seen with aFGF could be potentiated by adding heparin at 1 microgram/ml. bFGF, but not ciliary neurotropic factor, also promoted neuron survival after the factor was bound to polyornithine and laminin. Both AGF-2 and ciliary neurotropic factor induced choline acetyltransferase activity during 48 hr. AGFs and FGFs also enhanced the long-term survival of embryonic chick spinal cord neurons, including motoneurons that had been retrogradely labeled with rhodamine isothiocyanate. These results demonstrate the potency of a class of mitogenic growth factors as neurotrophic agents for embryonic ciliary ganglion and spinal cord neurons--adding to the emerging evidence that mitogenic and neuronal growth factors are not strictly separate entities. PMID- 3474664 TI - Myomodulin: a bioactive neuropeptide present in an identified cholinergic buccal motor neuron of Aplysia. AB - When Aplysia are initially exposed to food stimuli, their biting responses show progressive increases in speed and strength. The accessory radula closer (ARC) buccal muscles have been used to study this phenomenon, and it has been shown that changes in ARC muscle contraction are partially due to activity of a serotonergic neuron that modulates this muscle, by both a direct action and an action on two ARC motor neurons (B15 and B16). The motor neurons use acetylcholine as their excitatory transmitter, but they also contain bioactive peptides that can potentiate muscle contractions when they are exogenously applied. Motor neuron B15 contains the structurally related small cardioactive peptides A and B, whereas motor neuron B16 contains a different peptide--termed myomodulin. In the present study we determined the full amino acid sequence of myomodulin. Myomodulin is present in the ARC muscle, and exogenous application of the peptide potentiates ARC muscle contractions in a manner similar to the potentiation by small cardioactive peptides A and B. The structure of myomodulin, however, bears little resemblance to the small cardioactive peptides. Thus it appears that ARC muscle contractions may be regulated by at least three distinct classes of neuromodulators: serotonin, the small cardioactive peptides, and myomodulin. PMID- 3474665 TI - Effects of antidromic stimulation of the ventral root on glucose utilization in the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the rat. AB - Electrical stimulation of the proximal stump of the transected sciatic nerve increased glucose utilization in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, with the greater increase in Rexed's lamina IX. Antidromic stimulation of the ventral root, however, did not change glucose utilization in the ventral horn. These results suggest that the axon terminals and not the cell bodies are the sites of enhanced metabolic activity during increased electrical activity in these elements. PMID- 3474666 TI - Ion transport by rabbit nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) in culture. AB - The functions of epithelia that line small airways in mammalian lungs are unknown. To gain insight into the role of small-airway epithelia in lung liquid balance, Clara cells were isolated from excised rabbit lungs by enzymatic digestion, enriched by centrifugal elutriation and density centrifugation, and further purified by differential adherence to collagen matrices. The resulting cell population was composed of 85% Clara cells, 3% ciliated cells, and less than 1% macrophages. The remainder of the cells were not definitively identified. The transepithelial potential difference peaked on day 3 in culture. Preparations studied in Ussing flux chambers exhibited a potential difference of 8 mV (apical bath negative), a resistance of 500 ohm X cm2, and an equivalent short-circuit current (ISCeq) of 16 microA/cm2. Inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase by ouabain abolished ISCeq. Exposure of the apical surface to amiloride or replacement of Na+ in the apical bathing solution with an impermeant cation (N-methyl-D glucamine) decreased ISCeq by 66% and 93%, respectively. Neither amiloride in the basolateral bathing solution, nor bumetanide, nor isoproterenol significantly altered basal ISCeq. These findings indicate that Clara cells in culture form polarized monolayers, Clara cells transport Na+ from the apical to the basolateral bathing solution, and the small airways of the rabbit may function in liquid absorption. PMID- 3474667 TI - Future perspectives in the development of new animal models. AB - It is essential to develop animal models for human diseases with disease onset mechanisms the same as those of humans to study the causes, and therapeutic and preventive methods for human disease, as well as to develop new drugs. In the past, many beneficial experiments were performed by selecting animals with symptoms similar to those of humans from nature or breeding colonies. Experimental systems using induced disease models have been developed and provided useful results. The current basis of biology has reached the molecular level, and various phenomena of life have come to be understood through clarification of the expression of genes (DNA). Human diseases are one of these life phenomena, and the study of the relation between life phenomena and genes (DNA) has already started in the field of genetics. The next step appears to be the manipulation of genes to produce animal models for various human diseases. Progress has already been made in genetic and cellular engineering and embryonic manipulation on the basis of their respective methodologies and principles. One of the topics for future studies will be the development of models for human diseases through the integrated application of these fields. It is clear from documents on medical history that experiments using animals have been performed from the earliest period of ancient medical research. Therefore, pioneers in each period continued such studies and by the time of Claude Bernard, animal experiments had become an essential part of medical research. He stated in 1865 in his "Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine" that "I not only conclude that experiments made on animals from the physiological, pathological and therapeutic points of view have results that are applicable to theoretic medicine, but I think that without such comparative study of animals, practical medicine can never acquire a scientific character." Following this, animal experiments were widely performed in all fields of medical research, but the animals used in such experiments were only improved to the level they have reached today through the modernization movement which started in Europe, the United States and Japan from the end of the 1940's through the beginning of the 1950's. From the 1960's, the term "biomedical research" came into use in the United States to describe experiments using animals in the fields of medical research.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3474668 TI - Genetically engineered drugs: toxicology with a difference. PMID- 3474669 TI - The preclinical development of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals: the PMA perspective. Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. PMID- 3474670 TI - Safety evaluation of biotechnology derived products. PMID- 3474671 TI - The photoreactivity of pyrimidine-purine sequences in some deoxydinucleoside monophosphates and alternating DNA copolymers. PMID- 3474672 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies of patients with neural muscular atrophy]. AB - Various nerve conduction velocities, the terminal latency (TL) of facial nerve, the trigeminofacial reflex and fast auditory evoked potentials (FAEP) were investigated in 26 patients with peroneal muscular atrophy (22 with HMSN I and 4 with HMSN II). With the brain nerve status revealing no clinical abnormalities, 85.7% of HMSN I patients showed a longer-than-normal TL of the facial nerve, 66.6% had a prolonged early reflex component of trigeminofacial reflex and 22.7% pathological FAEPs. Normal neurophysiologic findings were obtained for brain nerves of HMSN II subjects. Subclinical involvement of the mid-group of brain nerves did not at all correlate with the impairment of extremity nerves and the duration of the disease. The present results reflect the heterogeneity of HMSN. PMID- 3474673 TI - A study of genetic linkage in schizophrenia. AB - Families with more than one member affected by schizophrenia were identified and their members were interviewed. Four standardized diagnostic definitions (PSE, DSM-III, ICD-9, Feighner) were applied to all subjects who were classified as schizophrenic or not schizophrenic according to each definition. Non schizophrenic psychiatric disorders which have been shown to be familially associated with schizophrenia were also identified. Twenty blood markers were ascertained for all subjects and evidence of co-segregation with schizophrenia was sought. No selective segregation was found and therefore there was no evidence suggesting linkage or supporting a monogenic theory of transmission of susceptibility to schizophrenia. PMID- 3474674 TI - Integration and sequencing of treatment approaches for eating disorders. AB - General principles for the management of eating disorders are viewed with particular emphasis on correcting disturbed eating and weight within the current cultural context. A range of different therapeutic options are outlined with indications for the integration and sequencing of these as part of a multidimensional model of treatment. PMID- 3474675 TI - Improved cutting of tooth enamel with dental burs. PMID- 3474677 TI - Osteoporosis: oral manifestations of a systemic disease. PMID- 3474676 TI - Strength of aluminous dental porcelain formed on previous refractory dies. PMID- 3474678 TI - [Switzerland as a leader in prevention]. PMID- 3474679 TI - [Dental health prevention in Swiss schools (I)]. PMID- 3474680 TI - [Fields of application of social workers/social educators in public health]. PMID- 3474681 TI - [Individual caries prevention--with results]. PMID- 3474682 TI - [Dental health as a goal of prevention programs]. PMID- 3474683 TI - [The Cerec system: computer-assisted preparation of direct ceramic inlays in 1 setting]. PMID- 3474684 TI - [Thermomechanical methods of root canal filling (I)]. PMID- 3474685 TI - [Indications and use of electric toothbrushes in individual oral hygiene--a comparison]. PMID- 3474686 TI - [Hygiene in dental radiography]. PMID- 3474687 TI - [The Beach system: perceptions of stance and motion in dentistry (a practical course)]. PMID- 3474688 TI - [Clinical and experimental animal studies on the autotransplantation of tooth germs (I)]. PMID- 3474689 TI - [Clinical experiments with free oral mucosa transplants in the sublingual region as preparation for partial denture treatment in the mandible]. PMID- 3474690 TI - [Thermomechanical methods of root canal filling (II)]. PMID- 3474691 TI - [Intensity differences of new and used daylight devices for synthetic resin fillings technics]. PMID- 3474693 TI - [Radiographic film handling from the viewpoint of economical reuse of fixative solutions]. PMID- 3474692 TI - [Treatment of iatrogenic marginal pigmentation of gingiva with a free autogenous gingival transplant]. PMID- 3474694 TI - [Clinical and experimental animal studies of autotransplantation of tooth germs (II)]. PMID- 3474696 TI - [Surgical assistance in dental practice]. PMID- 3474695 TI - [Interradicular gemination of a lower molar with an infected follicular cyst- case report]. PMID- 3474697 TI - [Assistance in preliminary examinations--control questions in professional radiography]. PMID- 3474698 TI - [My way to the dental assistant--essential consequence of a long time occupation]. PMID- 3474699 TI - [Color choice in the sale of toothbrushes]. PMID- 3474701 TI - [Preparation of temporary crowns and bridges using a matrix technic]. PMID- 3474700 TI - [Electronic data processing in the dental office--perhaps too in your practice administration? (II)]. PMID- 3474702 TI - [Preparation of improved orthodontic appliances with functional tongue shields]. PMID- 3474703 TI - [Possibilities for the use of feather pin-screws as fixation--or retention elements]. PMID- 3474704 TI - Determination of 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 by stereospecific antibody in various rat tissues. AB - In view of the recent finding that prostaglandin D2 is stereospecifically converted to 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2, an isomer of prostaglandin F2 alpha, a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for 9 alpha, 11 beta prostaglandin F2 was developed and applied to determine the content of this prostaglandin in various rat tissues. Antisera against 9 alpha, 11 beta prostaglandin F2 were raised in rabbits immunized with the bovine serum albumin conjugate, and [3H]9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 was enzymatically prepared from [3H]prostaglandin D2. The assay detected 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 over the range of 20 pg to 1 ng, and the antiserum showed less than 0.04% cross reaction with prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin F2 beta and 9 beta, 11 beta prostaglandin F2. To avoid postmortem changes, tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after removal. The basal level of 9 alpha, 11 beta prostaglandin F2 was hardly detectable in various tissues of the rat examined, including spleen, lung, liver and brain; although it was found to be 0.31 +/- 0.06 ng/g wet weight in the small intestine. During convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole, enormous amounts of prostaglandin D2 (ca. 180 ng/g wet weight) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (ca. 70 ng/g) were produced in the brain; however, 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 was detected neither there nor in the blood. This result demonstrates that the conversion to 9 alpha, 11 beta prostaglandin F2 is a minor pathway, if one at all, of prostaglandin D2 metabolism in the rat brain. PMID- 3474705 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha administration on progesterone after hysterectomy of guinea-pigs. AB - It is believed that in guinea-pigs the main luteolytic agent is prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2a) and that it is synthesised in the uterus. In this study non pregnant guinea-pigs were hysterectomised at Day 5 of the estrous cycle. Peripheral progesterone levels in animals from which the uterus had been removed remained elevated for an extended time. The results suggested the corpora lutea (CL) had an inherent life span in excess of the length of the estrous cycle. However after a time the levels of circulating progesterone declined, suggesting there might have been a reduction of a stimulating factor or the appearance of a non-uterine luteolysin. If after hysterectomy PGF2a was administered 4 and 5 days later then there was a reduction in the mean progesterone level but the decline did not continue. The CL at the stage of the experimental procedure were sensitive to luteolysin but they had retained their capability to resist endocrinological insult. The study provided further support for the contention that control of PGF2a activity is vital for progesterone maintenance. Additionally, the cells of the CL have the potential to be the site of some of the PGF2a control. PMID- 3474706 TI - Don't panic! Here are six ways to prevent office emergencies. PMID- 3474708 TI - Risky business. PMID- 3474707 TI - Building your practice takes care and concern. PMID- 3474709 TI - Dual career. Couples. PMID- 3474710 TI - How hygiene extends your limits. PMID- 3474711 TI - A good reason to quit. PMID- 3474712 TI - Aspartame. A real sweet story. PMID- 3474713 TI - Change relationships, resolve conflict. PMID- 3474714 TI - [Bone and visceral multicentric osteosarcoma. A case]. PMID- 3474715 TI - A rationale for treating tetracycline discoloured teeth. PMID- 3474716 TI - Finishing an anhydrous glass ionomer cement (an in vitro and in vivo study). PMID- 3474717 TI - An unusual method of detecting an undiagnosed non-union of a mandibular mid-line fracture. PMID- 3474718 TI - [Comparative histology of dog teeth overfilled with 3 materials]. PMID- 3474719 TI - [Long-term evaluation of the modified lateral condensation technic (introduced in 1972 by Dr. Daniel Silva Herzog at the Technological University of Mexico)]. PMID- 3474720 TI - [Detection of silver in a periapical granuloma: report of a case]. PMID- 3474721 TI - [Clinical study of the efficacy of devices for electronic measurement of the working length]. PMID- 3474722 TI - [Effect of various dentin adhesives on pulp microcirculation]. PMID- 3474723 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a new system of low-temperature injectable gutta-percha: Hygenic Ultrafil]. PMID- 3474724 TI - [A case of dens in dente]. PMID- 3474725 TI - [Treatment of an endodontic-periodontal lesion due to a mesio-palatal diverticulum of the upper lateral incisor]. PMID- 3474726 TI - [Pulp-dentin therapy: the various possibilities for capping]. PMID- 3474727 TI - [Cytotoxic potential of 2 root canal irrigating agents (1)]. PMID- 3474728 TI - [Use of ultrasound in retreatment]. PMID- 3474729 TI - [Root anatomy]. PMID- 3474730 TI - [Apexogenesis--apexification: current concepts]. PMID- 3474731 TI - [Overheating of the root surface during canal obturation using a hybrid thermomechanical method. In-vivo study in the dog]. PMID- 3474732 TI - [Experimental study of canal trajectory using sonic instruments]. PMID- 3474734 TI - [The Caries Meter L]. PMID- 3474733 TI - [Direct pulp capping]. PMID- 3474735 TI - [Lateral canals: clinical realities]. PMID- 3474736 TI - [Reimplantation of 2 maxillary incisors]. PMID- 3474737 TI - [Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) with bladder and breast localizations preceding acute myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3474738 TI - [Obstructive jaundice caused by granulocytic sarcoma. An unusual presentation of an acute leukemia]. PMID- 3474739 TI - [A bone tumor in an adolescent]. PMID- 3474741 TI - [Lymphangioma of the tongue]. PMID- 3474740 TI - [Condylar guidance using direct measurement in human skulls]. PMID- 3474742 TI - [Prevalence of malocclusion in children of metropolitan Oviedo]. PMID- 3474744 TI - [Predisposition to temporomandibular dysfunction in children. Epidemiological study]. PMID- 3474743 TI - [Clinical experience in caries prevention with Bi-Fluor toothpastes]. PMID- 3474746 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and HTLV-III/LAV infection. AB - Although AIDS and HTLV-III/LAV infection are rare in adolescents, the number of infected adolescents in increasing. Adolescents may place themselves at risk for becoming infected through sexual exposure and use of intravenous drugs. The management of infected adolescents includes management of social, emotional, and psychologic problems as well as the physical condition. Providers of health and social care for adolescents need to be informed regarding HTLV-III/LAV infection in this population. Prevention depends largely on appropriate education of the teenage population. PMID- 3474745 TI - Role of dehydropeptidase-I in the metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates in the rat kidney. AB - 14C-N-Ethylmaleimide-S-cysteinylglycine was used to investigate the role of dehydropeptidase-I in the metabolism of glutathione conjugates. The dipeptide was rapidly hydrolyzed to 14C-N-ethylmaleimide-S-cysteine in isolated rat renal cells, and subsequently acetylated to 14C-N-ethylmaleimide-S-N-acetylcysteine. Cilastatin, a specific inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I, strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of the dipeptide by the isolated cells. In rat kidney homogenates, the marked inhibitory effect of cilastatin was also observed on the hydrolysis of cystinyl-bis-glycine and leukotriene D4, which are dipeptide intermediates in the biotransformation of oxidized glutathione and endogenous glutathione conjugate, respectively. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of bestatin, a potent inhibitor of aminopeptidase-M, was much smaller than that of cilastatin on the hydrolysis of these dipeptides by the renal cells and homogenates. These results suggest that dehydropeptidase-I plays a more important role in the metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates than aminopeptidase-M does. PMID- 3474747 TI - [Basophilic leukemia]. PMID- 3474749 TI - [Craniofacial teleradiographic study of 221 normal children in the mid-Pyrenees region]. PMID- 3474748 TI - [Aplastic anemia and acute leukemia (presentation of 3 cases)]. PMID- 3474750 TI - [Time of choice]. PMID- 3474751 TI - [Intrusion of upper premolars with extra-oral force]. PMID- 3474753 TI - Risk management: your insurance program. PMID- 3474752 TI - [Patients with respiratory insufficiency cared for at home. Rehabilitation program for severe chronic respiratory insufficiency with a goal of returning home on the ventilator]. PMID- 3474754 TI - Survey of 1985 economic conditions in the United States dental laboratory industry. PMID- 3474755 TI - Current employment of dental hygienists in the near future. PMID- 3474756 TI - Prepare now to battle the unknown plaintiff. PMID- 3474757 TI - [Mechanical respirators. Pressure or manometric]. PMID- 3474758 TI - Lymphography and its prognostic value in childhood leukemia. AB - Thirteen boys and five girls with leukemia were investigated with lymphography. Eleven of these children were followed-up with postlymphography films. Children with small atrophic lymph nodes seemed to have worse prognosis than children with normal appearance of the nodes. No prognostic meaning of contrast medium persistence could be evaluated. PMID- 3474759 TI - [Therapeutic contribution of the new quinolones]. PMID- 3474760 TI - SEM and microradiographic investigation of initial enamel caries. AB - In this paper a combined microradiography and SEM study is presented on human enamel after a caries attack in vivo for a 4-wk period. The initial enamel caries is induced under a specially designed orthodontic band; plaque accumulation takes place under a niche in the band. The microradiography and SEM were done on the same sections. A special manipulation and breaking technique of the thin sections makes it possible to observe with the SEM, demineralized enamel areas with a mineral content known from microradiography. The results show that with a mineral content of about 50 vol. %, the observable porosity is noticeable at the prism level (interprismatically) but barely noticeable at the cyrstallite level. The surface morphology of the demineralized enamel is at low magnifications not very different from sound enamel. At high magnifications, however, the surface porosity becomes visible. The results indicate that the mineral in vivo losses in enamel after an initial caries attack can be explained mainly by mineral losses from interprismatic areas and from the prism peripheries. PMID- 3474761 TI - Intraoral hydrolysis of monofluorophosphate. AB - The intraoral hydrolysis of monofluorophosphate (MFP) was compared in nine subjects with natural teeth and in nine edentulous subjects after a 1-min mouthrinse with a 100 ppm MFP solution. Analyses of total F and F- in whole saliva samples collected up to 15 min after the rinse suggested that apatite catalyzed breakdown of MFP mediated by dental enamel contributes significantly to the intraoral hydrolysis of MFP. PMID- 3474762 TI - Evidence for a resorption inhibitor in dentin. AB - The ability of stimulated and unstimulated peritoneal macrophages to spread in vitro on different inorganic and organic components of dental tissues was studied in order to establish morphologic evidence in favor of a resorption inhibitor in dentin. Macrophages were seeded onto enamel, dentin, predentin, demineralized dentin and collagen-coated coverslips and examined with scanning electron microscopy after varying incubation periods. The cells readily attached and spread on enamel, dentin and collagen-coated coverslips. Cells attached but showed no signs of spreading when incubated on predentin or demineralized dentin. It was concluded that the resistance to resorption of predentin and dentin rests in the organic, non-collagenous component of the tissue, indicating the presence of a resorption inhibitor in dentin. PMID- 3474763 TI - beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lysozyme activity in human parotid and submandibular saliva. AB - beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lysozyme activity were studied in isolated parotid and submandibular saliva collected from five healthy individuals over a 3-wk period. During the first week, saliva samples were collected three times within one specified day (9 a.m., noon, 4 p.m.). Then for each of the following 2 wk, saliva was collected at 9 a.m. of the same day. NAGase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by using p-nitrophenyl-glycoside as substrate. Lysozyme activity was determined turbidimetrically by using Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells as substrate. NAGase and lysozyme were present in all samples of parotid and submandibular saliva. NAGase activity was generally higher in saliva samples collected in the morning and decreased during the day. There was considerable variation in NAGase activity and almost no variation in lysozyme activity in samples taken from the same person. NAGase activity was higher in parotid than in submandibular saliva while lysozyme activity was somewhat higher in submandibular saliva. PMID- 3474764 TI - Pattern of periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians. AB - A total of 170 adult Tanzanians aged 30-69 yr were examined for loss of attachment, gingival recession, plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding on all surfaces of all teeth. The severity of loss of attachment varied considerably between tooth types. Irrespective of age, mandibular incisors and first and second molars were the teeth most affected by loss of attachment. In all age groups heavy plaque deposits and gingival bleeding occurred more frequently in posterior than in anterior teeth. Dental calculus was most frequently observed in the maxillary posterior and mandibular anterior teeth. The distribution of calculus within the dentition showed a close resemblance with the patterns of loss of attachment and gingival recession. The variation of the severity of periodontal breakdown within individuals indicates that the use of mean values to describe periodontal breakdown may give the impression of a greater uniformity than really exists. PMID- 3474765 TI - Synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by human gingival fibroblasts from phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in vitro. AB - The in vitro synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was studied in gingival fibroblasts from two patients exhibiting phenytoin(PHT)-induced gingival overgrowth, i.e. pseudopockets, which required surgical excision, from one patient on PHT medication not exhibiting pseudopockets and from two normal controls. The results showed that the newly synthesized GAGs were distributed to the culture medium, to a pericellular pool and to the cell fraction. Gingival fibroblasts from the PHT-induced gingival overgrowth showed a significantly increased incorporation of 35SO4(2-) into GAGs compared to the other strains, and this increase was mainly confined to the dermatan sulfate fraction. These results are in accordance with our previous biochemical studies where increased amounts of GAGs were found in gingival biopsies from the PHT-induced lesion. PMID- 3474766 TI - Recurrent herpes labialis in a military brass band. AB - 80-90% of the adult population is known to have neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), of these 18-32% suffer from occasional recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). It is thought that local trigger factors as external traumata, UV-light and chemical stimuli, or systemic factors like fever or common cold, may induce RHL. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of RHL in a military brass band and compare this with the frequency of the disease in a control population of soldiers from the same unit. Both populations were national servicemen aged 19-22 yr. The diagnosis of RHL was based on the presence of herpetic vesicles in the labial region. Of the diagnosed cases, 10% were confirmed by laboratory procedures according to standard methods. The incidence of RHL over a period of 8 months was twice as frequent in the group of brass and woodwind players as in the control group of soldiers from the same military unit. This may indicate that the mechanical trauma to the labial tissue which occurs during playing may cause the increased frequency of RHL in musicians. PMID- 3474767 TI - EMG versus force relationship in painful masseter muscles before and after intramuscular anesthetics and saline injections. AB - Electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscles, and bite force were analyzed in 28 young, fully dentate women with painful and tender masseter muscles before and after intramuscular injection of either lidocaine or saline in superficial masseter muscle. EMG-activity of the descending part of the trapezius muscle during increased bite force was also analyzed. As regards the mandibular elevators, the intraindividual relationship between slopes for EMG force regression at low and high contraction levels before injection were the same as for healthy women investigated previously. Intramuscular injection of lidocaine reduced postural EMG-activity of the masseter muscles and EMG-force regression curve became less steep at low contraction levels. After saline injections no changes in EMG-activity were found. The EMG-activity of the descending part of the trapezius muscle was increased significantly for the total group during the strongest bite. PMID- 3474768 TI - Streptococcus mutans in plaque from conventional and from non-gamma-2 amalgam restorations. AB - The frequency of Streptococcus mutans in plaque material from margins of conventional amalgam and non-gamma-2 amalgam fillings was examined in six subjects. One and 2 months after restorative treatment the mean values of the percentage S. mutans of the total number of microorganisms were somewhat lower in samples from non-gamma-2 amalgams than in those from conventional amalgams. The difference in values, however, was not statistically significant. PMID- 3474769 TI - Resorbing potential of different connective tissue types. AB - Pieces of dentin were implanted into five different connective tissues in rats and examined with scanning electron microscopy after observation periods of up to 2 weeks. Dentin-oclast-like cells, apparently involved in resorption of the implants, were only seen associated with periosteum and periodontal membrane. These findings indicate that the resorbing potential of connective tissues is related to their ability to induce bone formation. PMID- 3474770 TI - In vivo transfer of cholesterol from plasma into human aortic tissue. AB - It has recently become possible to measure the in vivo flux of cholesteryl ester from plasma into human aortic tissue by use of labeled cholesterol in patients undergoing reconstructive aortic surgery. For the ascending thoracic aorta without visible atherosclerotic lesions the influx was 4.5 +/- 1.4 nmol X cm-2 X day-1 (means +/- SEM, n = 9). For the abdominal aorta with severe atherosclerosis the influx of cholesteryl ester was 45 +/- 5 nmol X cm-2 X day-1 (n = 12). In both types of tissues the influx of cholesteryl ester from HDL was 2-3 times higher than the influx of cholesteryl ester from LDL and VLDL compared with the concentration of these fractions in plasma. This is in accordance with an aortic influx-mechanism which depends on the sizes and the concentration of the lipoproteins in plasma. The transfer of plasma lipoproteins into human aortic tissue shows a number of similarities with the transfer of plasma lipoproteins into the aortic wall of cholesterol-fed rabbits and also with the transfer of other plasma macromolecules across various capillaries. The cholesterol content in intima-media tissue without lesions corresponded in some of the patients to less than one year of continuous influx of cholesteryl ester from plasma. This time is short compared with the age of the patients. It suggests that removal of cholesterol from the aortic wall represents a major importance in prevention of cholesterol accumulation in that tissue. PMID- 3474771 TI - Co-existence and co-secretion of the structurally related peptides VIP and PHI. AB - Using regional specific antisera the concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the peptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine (PHI) in various peripheral tissues and VIP producing tumours were compared with their immunohistochemical localization. In normal tissue the VIP levels were in general higher than the PHI levels, while the VIP/PHI ratio in tumour tissue varied considerably more than in normal tissue. By immunohistochemistry it was found that VIP and PHI immunoreactivity occurred in the same autonomic neurons. Gel chromatography revealed that VIP and PHI immunoreactivity in both normal and tumour tissue consisted of two larger molecular forms in addition to "authentic" peptides. These larger molecular forms which had overlapping elution positions probably represent VIP/PHI precursors. In tumour tissue the larger molecular forms constituted a larger proportion of the total immunoreactivity. Neurally induced relaxation of smooth muscle caused a simultaneous release of VIP and PHI which in combination with the observed relaxatory effect of the peptide suggest a role in the control of smooth muscle activity. Similarly VIP and PHI were co-secreted from tumour tissues as evidenced from elevated plasma levels in patients with VIP producing tumours. In conclusion VIP and PHI seem to co-exist and be co-secreted. Differences in posttranslational processing may create variable content and release of the two peptides. PMID- 3474772 TI - Severe hypertriglyceridemia, large lipoproteins and protection against atherosclerosis. AB - Alloxan-diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits exhibiting severe hypertriglyceridemia are protected against atherosclerosis. In such rabbits most of the plasma cholesterol is found in lipoproteins with a diameter of 75 nm or larger. In the present report it is hypothesized, that due to their large sizes, the lipoproteins of the severely hypertriglyceridemic diabetic rabbits are not able to penetrate the endothelial layer of the arteries. Therefore, the macrophages and smooth muscle cells of the intima will only come in contact with relatively small amounts of cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins. Consequently, cellular accumulation of cholesterol, which is a necessary step in the formation of an atherosclerotic lesion, will be retarded. There are certain parallels between hypertriglyceridemic cholesterol-fed alloxan-diabetic rabbits and humans with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, familial apolipoprotein C-II deficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the ketoacidotic state. Based on reports about patients with these metabolic disorders, we suggest that cholesterol in very large lipoproteins also in humans is less atherogenic than cholesterol in smaller lipoproteins. PMID- 3474773 TI - Simultaneous measurement of in vitro gastroduodenal prostaglandin E2 synthesis and degradation in peptic ulcer disease. AB - The ability of mucosal specimens from the stomach and duodenum to synthesize and degrade prostaglandin E2 has been determined in normal subjects and peptic ulcer patients. Significant reduction in fundic PGE2 synthesis capacity was observed in gastric ulcer patients. There was also significant reduction in the PGE2 degradation capacity of antral, fundic, and duodenal mucosal specimens in gastric ulcer patients. Patients with gastritis showed significant elevation of both antral and fundic PGE2 synthesis capacity compared with normal but no alteration in PGE2 degradation. No differences were observed in PGE2 synthesis and degradation rates in patients with duodenal ulcer. The results argue in favour of an association between impairment of PGE2 metabolism in the mucosa of patients with gastric but not duodenal ulceration. PMID- 3474774 TI - Clinical genetics as clues to the "real" genetics of schizophrenia (a decade of modest gains while playing for time). AB - Although a decade has passed since the genetics of schizophrenia was examined for the Schizophrenia Bulletin, the epigenetic puzzle of schizophrenia has not yielded its secrets to any scientific break-through. In this article we review a sample of the highlights relevant to enlightened genetic thinking, i.e., a broad diathesis-stressor framework with multifactorial causation assumed and with provision for the epigenetic interaction of psychosocial as well as neurobiological factors. The clinical genetic epidemiologist needs to know the lifetime morbid risks generated by different definitions of schizophrenia, as well as the consequences for the familial risks generated by the various family, twin, and adoption strategies. Schizophrenia appears to occur through an interaction of a genetic susceptibility with some kind of environmental stress; the stress need not be an environment containing a person with a diagnosis in the schizophrenia spectrum; the genetic factors in schizophrenia have specificity as they do not increase the risk for major affective disorders or delusional disorder. Clearly, schizophrenia is clinically or phenotypically heterogeneous, but whether this variety is paralleled by etiological heterogeneity or to what extent is problematic. Once the existence of an important genetic predisposition to developing schizophrenia has been established, it becomes important to provide a theory (or theories) to account for its mode (modes) of transmission. Psychiatric geneticists have not yet solved the problem, in part because of the difficulty of specifying the appropriate phenotype to analyze and also because of the unknown degree of heterogeneity. Genetic markers are a special category of biological markers. In addition to conventional markers, the advent of "the new genetics" of recombinant DNA has meant that many more genetic markers (probes) are now available and that the day is not far off when the human genome will be extensively mapped. Considerable optimism exists about the future usefulness of genetic markers in detecting major gene effects and resolving problems of heterogeneity in schizophrenia. PMID- 3474776 TI - Ridaura (auranofin): 1986. A Smith Kline & French international symposium. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 21 June 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3474775 TI - The cellular and molecular pharmacology of auranofin and related gold complexes. AB - Investigations of the molecular pharmacology of auranofin (AF) and related gold compounds reveal that these gold complexes interact with proteins primarily via sulfhydryl reactions. Moreover, cell association, distribution and efflux of auranofin and related gold complexes can be explained by sequential sulfhydryl exchanges. The rate of the reactions and potential interactions with sulfhydryl groups in different environments vary according to the ligands associated with the gold. Secondary interactions of AF, such as the formation of triethylphosphine oxide and products of lipid oxidation, may also depend upon characteristics of the ligands. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity by which auranofin and closely related compounds affect cells probably include interactions with key membrane structural proteins, protein crosslinks, and effects on key membrane localized enzymes, e.g., phospholipase C. Other cellular effects may include inhibition of DNA polymerase and other enzymatic processes. Resistance to auranofin is mediated by induction of metallothionein in the cells studied. Gold loaded metallothionein is less stable to proteolysis than cadmium-bound metallothionein, which probably explains the relatively ephemeral nature of resistance to auranofin. PMID- 3474777 TI - Auranofin: first choice for remission-inducing drug (RID) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis? AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated that auranofin (AF) causes less severe side effects than other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as injectable gold (IG) and D-penicillamine (DPA). As the efficacy of AF appears comparable to that of IG, AF could be the first choice for early and long-term therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 444 patients were enrolled in 2 uncontrolled, open, multicenter studies in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland; data were evaluated from 300 patients with RA treated for 12 months and 179 patients treated for 24 months. Patients with disease duration of 1 year or less had greater improvement in grip strength, joint index, morning stiffness, and activity index when compared with patients whose disease duration was more than 2 years. Drug treatment prior to AF included IG in 46, DPA in 36, chloroquine in 57, and antineoplastic agents in 5. Within this group, subpopulations were isolated who were withdrawn from prior DMARD therapy due to lack of efficacy or adverse events, and the results of subsequent AF therapy evaluated. Adverse events observed with previous DMARDs, particularly proteinuria, did not necessarily recur with AF. The data from these 2 studies suggest that auranofin can be initiated early in the course of RA and can be used successfully in patients who have experienced lack of efficacy or adverse events with other DMARDs. PMID- 3474778 TI - Auranofin therapy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a 48-week phase II study. AB - A 48-week phase II open, uncontrolled study of auranofin (AF) in patients juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was conducted to assess efficacy, tolerance and serum gold levels, and to consider the feasibility of further controlled studies (phase III) in such patients. The study group included 25 patients (20 F, 5 M) with active pauciarticular (n = 4) or polyarticular (n = 21) JRA. Median age was 100 months (range 62-176); median disease duration was 55 months (range 13 155). AF was given at 0.1 mg/kg/day divided into 2 doses, and increases to maximum of 6 mg/day were permitted if clinical improvement was insufficient. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy also were allowed. Significant improvement (p less than or equal to 0.05) was observed in the various joint counts and articular indices, as well as in the physician's global assessment of health. Some subjective functional measurements also were improved, but the differences were not statistically significant. There were no clinically important trends in the laboratory measurements. No patient was withdrawn because of adverse reactions; 1 was withdrawn because of disease exacerbation and 3 for lack of response. Mild adverse reactions were seen in 9 patients: 6 had abdominal pain, 6 diarrhea/loose stools, 1 nausea, 3 rash, 2 pruritus. Two patients had dosage reduced because of loose stools. Serum gold levels varied greatly; increased dosage usually resulted in increased serum levels. Occurrence of adverse reactions or response to therapy was not related to increases in dose or to serum gold levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474780 TI - [Vaccine failure]. AB - The different causes of vaccine failure are presented on the basis of epidemiological definitions and facts. The relevant factors necessary for successful active immunization are potential presence of passively transmitted antibodies, possible interaction with combined vaccine administration, technical requirements, individual immune response, and duration of immunity. Knowledge of these factors often provides the individual explanation for vaccine failure, or serves to prevent it as well as to predict susceptibility to natural infection. PMID- 3474779 TI - An open study on the efficacy and safety of auranofin in treating psoriatic arthritis. AB - An open study in Belgium assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of auranofin (AF) in treating psoriatic arthritis. The study enrolled 29 patients; median age was 46 years and median duration of disease was 5.5 years. Patients received 6 mg AF daily, given as two 3-mg tablets once a day. Concomitant therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids was permitted. Efficacy of auranofin was apparent by 3 months after the start of treatment, as evidenced by improvement over baseline in number of tender joints, severity of pain, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. After 1 year of auranofin therapy there was 50% or greater improvement over baseline in these parameters in 11% to 41% of the total population, and in 19% to 69% of those who completed at least 1 year of treatment. Diarrhea was reported in 45% of patients, occurring most often during the first 6 months of therapy. Nausea occurred in 10%; abdominal pain in 7%; rash in 14%; and pruritus in 17%. Withdrawals because of adverse events totaled 4: 1 for rash, 2 for pruritus, and 1 for rash, pruritus, and purpura. Auranofin may be considered an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 3474781 TI - Human genome sequencing. PMID- 3474782 TI - Identification by cell fusion of gene sequences that interact with positive trans acting factors. AB - Cell fusion experiments have implicated positive or negative regulatory factors in the cell type--specific expression of specialized endogenous genes. The inability to readily manipulate such genes has prevented characterization of the cis-acting DNA sequences that interact with these factors. A transfection-fusion technique, which combined stable gene transfer and formation of transient heterokaryons, was used to study this class of factors and their DNA binding sites. Messenger RNA directed by a quiescent, rat prolactin promoter region stably transferred into mouse fibroblasts was detected only after fusion to rat pituitary cells, implying that pituitary cells contain a positive cell type- specific factor or factors. Nuclear run-on assays showed that fusion activation is transcriptional. Fusion did not activate either a stably transferred rat growth hormone gene promoter or expression of the endogenous silent fibroblast prolactin or growth hormone genes. Analysis by 5'-deletion mutation identified a 30-base pair DNA sequence required for cell fusion activation of the rat prolactin promoter region. Comparison with previous results from direct cellular transfer of this region implies that transfection-fusion identifies novel regulatory DNA sequences. PMID- 3474783 TI - Reversible inhibition of mammary gland growth by transforming growth factor-beta. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can stimulate or inhibit growth of cells in vitro, as well as induce the transformed phenotype. Although widely distributed in animal tissue, the effects of TGF-beta in vivo are largely unknown, and a physiological role for the peptide hormone has not been demonstrated. The effect of TGF-beta on developing epithelial tissue in situ was studied by using slow-release plastic pellets containing TGF-beta to treat developing mouse mammary gland. Powerful inhibition of mammary growth and morphogenesis was observed. This growth-inhibited mammary tissue was histologically normal, and the inhibitory effect was fully reversible. Under the conditions of these experiments, TGF-beta displayed many of the characteristics expected of a physiologically active growth-regulatory molecule. PMID- 3474784 TI - Molecular analysis and chromosomal mapping of amplified genes isolated from a transformed mouse 3T3 cell line. AB - We are exploring the origin and function of amplified DNA sequences associated with double minutes (DMs) in a spontaneously transformed derivative of mouse 3T3 cells. Toward that goal, we have constructed a cDNA library using RNA from these cells and have isolated cDNA clones representing sequences that are amplified and overexpressed in these 3T3-DM cells. From results of Northern- and Southern-blot analyses, we conclude that these cDNAs represent two distinct genes, which we have designated mdm-1 and mdm-2. Using DNAs from a panel of Chinese hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids together with in situ hybridization protocols for gene mapping studies, we have found that these DM-associated, amplified DNA sequences originate from mouse chromosome 10, region C1-C3. Sequences homologous to mdm-1 and mdm-2 are present in the genomes of several species examined, including that of man. PMID- 3474785 TI - Somatic cell hybridization of Roberts syndrome and normal human fibroblasts transfected with plasmids carrying dominant selection markers. AB - Roberts syndrome (RS) is a rare human recessive disorder involving, in the chromosomes of some patients, a characteristic puffing or splitting apart of the constitutive heterochromatin (the RS effect). We carried out somatic cell hybridizations between an RS cell strain (R22) with the heterochromatin abnormality and a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient cell strain (GM1662) with normal chromosome structure to determine if the presence of the normal genome would correct the RS effect in the hybrid cells. In order to provide the fibroblast strains with dominant selection markers for the hybridizations, GM1662 was transfected with the plasmid pSV3neo which conferred resistance to the antibiotic G418, and R22 was transfected with the plasmid pSV3gpt which provided resistance to mycophenolic acid. Two somatic cell hybridizations were carried out: (1) R22 X GM1662 pSV3neo and (2) R22 pSV3gpt X GM1662 pSV3neo. The RS effect was found to be absent in 95% and 92%, respectively, of the 200 hybrid cells examined in each experiment. This indicated that the GM1662 genome was able to correct the RS effect. The presence of the RS effect in a few of the hybrid cells was attributed to the unstable karyotype resulting from pSV3 transfection which presumably caused the loss of the normal allele(s) of the RS gene in these hybrid cells. PMID- 3474786 TI - Human genes encoding prothrombin and ceruloplasmin map to 11p11-q12 and 3q21-24, respectively. AB - The gene for human prothrombin, or factor II (F2) has been assigned to 11p11-q12 by the combined use of a panel of somatic cell hybrid DNAs and in situ hybridization, using both cDNA and genomic probes. In addition, the cDNA probe for F2 recognizes a homologous sequence which has been tentatively mapped to the X chromosome. Similar approaches have been used to confirm the assignment of the ceruloplasmin gene, but to regionally localize it more proximally than previously reported (3q21-q24). These results provide further evidence that genes encoding the coagulation factors and related proteins are dispersed throughout the human genome. PMID- 3474787 TI - [Changes in condylar density after intermaxillary fixation in orthodontic surgery]. PMID- 3474788 TI - [A mobile intra-articular fragment in the TMJ]. PMID- 3474789 TI - [Rebasing in prosthetic practice. II--Materials]. PMID- 3474790 TI - [Relation between clinical and microbiological indices in moderately severe periodontitis]. PMID- 3474791 TI - [Odontogenic myxoma: presentation a case]. PMID- 3474792 TI - [Compromise of the maxillo-facial complex in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3474793 TI - [Early hyperplasia of the mandible (Pierre-Robin syndrome): report of a case]. PMID- 3474794 TI - [A case of familial partial agenesis]. PMID- 3474795 TI - [Ketalar for oral surgery in children. 12 years' clinical experience]. PMID- 3474796 TI - Streptococcus bovis bacteraemia associated with candidal lesions of the large bowel in a leukaemic child. A case report. AB - A 5-year-old boy with acute myeloblastic leukaemia had large-bowel masses, demonstrated at autopsy, 5 weeks after an episode of Streptococcus bovis bacteraemia. The association of Strept. bovis bacteraemia with large-bowel disease, well documented in adults, should be considered in children. PMID- 3474797 TI - Haemorheology and dynamic capillary microscopy. PMID- 3474798 TI - Methods of evaluating Raynaud's phenomenon for the purpose of pharmacotherapeutic research. PMID- 3474799 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon. Classification and definitions. PMID- 3474800 TI - General guidelines for the treatment of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 3474801 TI - Treatment of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon by thoracic sympathectomy. PMID- 3474802 TI - [Synthetic prostheses of large body veins--results of an animal experiment study]. PMID- 3474803 TI - [Prescriptions written by dentists in Goteborg]. PMID- 3474804 TI - [Premedication in dental practice]. PMID- 3474805 TI - An imbedded orthodontic arch wire. PMID- 3474806 TI - Investigating the computerized dental office management system. PMID- 3474807 TI - Haplotype frequencies in south-east Scotland. AB - One hundred and thirty-two families consisting of healthy babies born after normal pregnancies at an Edinburgh maternity unit and their parents were tissue typed for HLA-A, B and DR antigens. The antigen frequencies and the commonest haplotype frequencies are reported. PMID- 3474808 TI - HLA typing in heavily transfused haemophiliacs with or without antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AB - HLA-A, B, DR antigens were determined in 46 patients, heavily transfused with blood products. Patients were 44 haemophiliacs, one case of afibrinogenemia and one case of von Willebrand's disease. Thirty-three patients had HIV antibodies. No significant difference for HLA antigen frequencies was observed in haemophiliacs with or without HIV antibodies, nor between haemophiliacs and a control population. PMID- 3474810 TI - [Characteristics of adoption children and their parents]. PMID- 3474809 TI - A "new" HLA-C specificity, CSH-2, restricted to Oriental populations. AB - The high frequency of C-locus blank alleles in different races suggests the existence of an undetected antigen. We have identified a new C-locus antigen, tentatively named CSH-2, which is present in Oriental populations, but is apparently not present in Caucasoid, or Black populations. This new specificity was defined by a single strong monospecific antiserum, named ZHA114, which was obtained by planned immunization. PMID- 3474811 TI - Induction of differentiation in human myeloid leukemic cells by T-2 toxin and other trichothecenes. AB - Trichothecenes are sesquiterpen mycotoxins characterized by the tetracyclic 12,13 epoxytrichothec-9-ene skeleton. We determined the effect of these mycotoxins on the growth and differentiation of the human acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line. Sixteen natural and semisynthetic trichothecenes were tested at concentrations of 0.2-60,000 ng/ml. The cytotoxicity exerted by these compounds varied: e.g., roridin A was found to be toxic at 1 ng/ml, whereas T-2 palmitate was not toxic even at 1 microgram/ml. These compounds varied also in their potential to induce differentiation: 9,10-epoxy T-2 toxin and T-2 toxin induced differentiation at concentrations of 2-5 ng/ml, while 9,10-dihydro T-2 toxin was effective only at 100 ng/ml. Other trichothecenes (e.g., verrucarin A and verrucarol) did not induce differentiation at either subtoxic or toxic concentrations. Cell differentiation was always associated with cytotoxicity; optimal concentrations for induction of differentiation were usually 30-60% of the toxic concentrations. The HL-60 cell population was found to be heterogenous with respect to the ability to differentiate in response to trichothecenes, while in some clones up to 70% of the cells underwent differentiation, and other clones were completely resistant. The latter clones could, however, be induced to differentiate by other agents such as retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Some of the inducible clones differentiated into neutrophilic granulocytes while others into mature macrophages. Thus, a single trichothecene could induce differentiation into either cell types, depending on the clone used. This study presents a new group of differentiation inducers. Further investigation is required to evaluate their possible therapeutic application. PMID- 3474812 TI - Failure to detect LAV/HTLV-III antibodies in southeastern Zaire. PMID- 3474813 TI - Effect of screening for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus and alanine aminotransferase on antibody content of intravenous immune globulin. PMID- 3474814 TI - Western blots of immune globulin preparations for intravenous use. PMID- 3474815 TI - Class II antigen induction in the regenerating liver of rats after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 3474816 TI - Sensori-neural hearing impairment in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - Sudden sensori-neural hearing impairment as a complication of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) occurred in five of the ten patients seen in Jos University Teaching Hospital over a period of two years. This complication occurred more frequently in younger patients especially females with excessive hepatosplenomegaly, higher leucocyte count and lower platelet count. Leucostasis in internal auditory artery may be acting as a thrombus to cause infarction in the cochlea resulting in the sudden hearing loss. PMID- 3474817 TI - Interaction between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and sickle cell gene in Saudi Arabia. AB - Sickle cell haemoglobin (Hb S) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency occur at a variable prevalence in different regions of Saudi Arabia. The interaction between the two genes was investigated in 1859 Saudi males in different regions where the two genes were known to exist at both a high and a low frequency. The frequency of G-6-PD deficiency was the highest in the sickle cell anaemia (SS) cases. Furthermore, in all areas except Tehamat-Aseer (on the Red Sea), the frequency of G-6-PD deficiency was greater in the sickle cell heterozygotes (AS) than in the normal (AA) individuals. The interaction between G 6-PD deficiency and sickle cell gene in the homozygotes and heterozygotes may provide additional benefit against environmental and genetical factors, and may play a role in the amelioration of sickle cell disease in Saudis. PMID- 3474818 TI - A protocol for utilizing tomographic radiographs in dentistry. PMID- 3474819 TI - Comparison of CA 125 and placental alkaline phosphatase as ovarian tumor markers. AB - The serum concentrations of CA 125 and placental alkaline phosphatase were analyzed in 16 patients with ovarian cancer. Increased serum levels of CA 125 and placental alkaline phosphatase were observed in 75% and 50% of the cancer patients, respectively. The serum levels of these tumor markers were not correlated, supporting their distinct antigenic nature. CA 125 seems to be a more promising tumor marker for ovarian cancer than placental alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 3474820 TI - [Acute myeloid leukemia. Effects of treatment and prognosis]. PMID- 3474821 TI - Interpretation of tests for the HTLV-III and hepatitis viruses. PMID- 3474822 TI - [Therapeutic physical exercise in the intensive therapy of patients with injuries to the cervical spine and spinal cord]. PMID- 3474824 TI - Review of alternative dental benefit plans and benefit reimbursement models. PMID- 3474823 TI - Human erythrocyte antigens. III. Characterization of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies that react with human erythrocyte and erythroid precursor membranes. AB - Human erythrocyte membrane proteins express antigens which serve as markers for erythroid differentiation as well as targets for human blood group alloantibodies. We have produced and characterized a new panel of five monoclonal antibodies to erythrocyte membrane proteins. Three monoclonal antibodies (E3, E4, E5) were specific for erythrocyte glycophorins. One antibody (E3) identified the sialoglycoprotein alpha and beta homologous regions proximal to the plasma membrane, a second antibody (E4) was specific for sialoglycoprotein alpha, while a third (E5) was a sialoglycoprotein-beta-specific antibody. Two antibodies (E6 and TE10) to the 65,000-dalton chymotrypsin cleavage product of band 3 were also produced. These antibodies constitute a new panel of probes for investigation of normal erythroid differentiation, erythroleukemia, and the expression of normal and anomalous blood group antigens. PMID- 3474825 TI - Direct reimbursement: an alternate system for employers to fund employees' dental benefits. PMID- 3474826 TI - Infection control practices of state dental practitioners. PMID- 3474827 TI - Infection control and practice management. PMID- 3474828 TI - Lidocaine skinwheal fails to prevent vasovagal reflex during venipuncture. PMID- 3474829 TI - [Production and application of cholesterol oxidase of Nocardia sp. 2031]. PMID- 3474830 TI - Benign lesions of the tongue. PMID- 3474831 TI - [New knowledge of dental materials for dental restoration and their manipulation. 1. Composite materials]. PMID- 3474832 TI - [New knowledge of dental materials for dental restoration and their manipulation. 2. Cements]. PMID- 3474834 TI - [Clinical test of soft prosthetic materials]. PMID- 3474833 TI - [Emission spectra and surface hardness patterns of 35 different photopolymerization devices]. PMID- 3474835 TI - [Inlays and onlays of ceramic]. PMID- 3474836 TI - [Orthodontics. Psychosomatic disorders]. PMID- 3474837 TI - [Orthodontic and implantation aspects of young patients with missing teeth]. PMID- 3474838 TI - [Diseases of rheumatic origin and changes in the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3474839 TI - [Temporomandibular joint diagnosis and therapy with computer-processed registration methods]. PMID- 3474840 TI - [Nutrition and dental caries from the aspect of hard substance formation]. PMID- 3474841 TI - [Hepatitis B--occupational disease of dentists]. PMID- 3474842 TI - [Corrosion detection in the connective tissue around the framework of subperiosteal implants]. PMID- 3474843 TI - [Romberg syndrome (facial hemiatrophy)--status dysraphicus]. PMID- 3474844 TI - [Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste for the treatment of oral mucosal lesions]. PMID- 3474845 TI - [Conservative therapy of odontogenic sinusitis using a refined oro-antrum closure]. PMID- 3474846 TI - [Can the value of a practice be determined exactly?]. PMID- 3474847 TI - [Radiation protection in dental practice]. PMID- 3474849 TI - [Halitosis]. PMID- 3474848 TI - Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: comparative study on the capacity of macrophages from "healer" and "non-healer" mouse strains to control L. tropica replication. AB - A comparison has been made between the capacity of macrophages of BALB/c "non healer" mice and C57BL/6 "healer" mice to deal in vitro with Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) parasites in order to obtain a more detailed picture of the inherent contribution of macrophages to the susceptibility of BALB/c mice to infection with L. tropica and the resulting fatal course of the disease. In comparison to macrophages of C57BL/6 origin, BALB/c macrophages showed a higher parasite uptake and a higher infection rate; they allowed a more rapid transformation of L. tropica promastigotes into amastigotes and displayed less leishmanicidal activities. Lymphokine-rich culture supernatants induced activation of macrophages resulting in killing of L. tropica by macrophages of both, "non healer" and "healer" mice. These supernatants also induced expression of Ia antigens on infected "non-healer" and "healer" macrophages. The results of this study clearly point to the critical role of macrophage functions to either support a systemic leishmaniasis or to alternatively mount a protective immune response leading to a self-healing course of the disease. PMID- 3474850 TI - [Various aspects of biopsy]. PMID- 3474851 TI - Inhibition of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in pre implantation mouse embryos and their implantation by sheep ovarian follicular fluid peptide. AB - The activity of delta 5-3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta HSD) in pre-implantation mouse embryos was inhibited following their prior incubation with partially purified sheep ovarian follicular fluid peptide (OFFP). OFFP, 5 microliter, injected into the uterine lumen of day 4 pregnant mice impaired the ensuing implantation of embryos. Our observations suggest that OFFP may inhibit steroid metabolizing activity in pre-implantation embryos and thereby interfere with the process of implantation. PMID- 3474852 TI - Advance abstracts of papers. Scandinavian Society for the Study of Diabetes: 22nd annual meeting. May 28-30, 1987, Turku. PMID- 3474853 TI - Intracranial pressure: cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and pressure-volume relations. AB - Continuous measurement of the intracranial pressure (ICP) is routine in todays evaluation of various intracranial diseases and increased ICP is a common therapeutical problem in neurosurgical patients. Still, very little is known about the patho-physiological and biomechanic events that lead to increased ICP. ICP is governed by 1) the resistance to absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (Rout), 2) the production rate of CSF (If) (taken together Rout and If are referred to as the "CSF dynamics"), and 3) the pressure in the Sagittal Sinus (Pss) in accordance with the equation: ICP = If X Rout + Pss. When an intracranial mass grows the cranio-spinal volume buffering capacity is exhausted and the ICP subsequently rises. This event has been imitated in experiments and is described by the classical exponential pressure-volume curve. In a semilogarithmic coordinate system the curve will be linear and if one exchanges the abscissa and ordinate (x = log ICP, y = volume) the slope is the pressure-volume index (PVI). In normal adults PVI = 25 ml and defines the volume that theoretically will increase the ICP tenfold when injected into the CSF space. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the ICP in accordance with the above mentioned principles by measurements of Rout and the PVI. Furthermore, to evaluate the PVI method (synonymous with the "bolus injection" method) described by Marmarou and coworkers. By this method a bolus of a few milliliters of fluid is injected into the ventricles via an intraventricular cannula. PVI is computed based on the immidate ICP rise. The following slowlier ICP decrement defines the Rout. Another goal was to analyse whether measurements of the ICP pulse amplitude, which cancels the need of manipulations of the CSF space, could replace PVI measurements. Finally, to evaluate whether or not CT of the brain depicts pressure-volume relations and Rout in adult patients with hydrocephalus. The study comprised 63 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, cranio-cerebral injury or so-called normal-pressure hydrocephalus. The following variables were measured: 1) ICP, 2) pulseamplitude, 3) PVI and 4) Rout. The latter was measured by means of the PVI method and in some instances for reasons of comparison with the constant rate infusion technique and "controlled withdrawal". The main conclusions of the studies were: 1) For estimates of PVI the bolus injection technique was applicable. For Rout measurements the method was only safe at relatively low ICP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3474854 TI - Occlusal perception and bite force in young subjects with and without dental fillings. AB - Interocclusal thickness discrimination (occlusal perception) and bite force was investigated in 29 young adults (16-18 years old). Thirteen individuals had intact dentitions (group I), whereas 16 individuals had minor restorations in posterior teeth (group C). Bite force was tested during 'gentle biting', 'biting as when chewing', and 'maximal clenching'. Endurance tests and bite force discrimination tests were also performed. The best occlusal perception was found in the incisor region in both groups, whereas the occlusal perception was somewhat smaller in the canine and premolar regions. Fifty-four per cent of the subjects in group I and 81% in group C reached certain perceptiveness at the 9 micron level. There were no statistically significant differences between test locations or groups, however. Group I had a significantly greater bite force in the incisor region during gentle biting than group C. The maximal bite force was on an average 532 N in group I and 516 N in group C. In the endurance tests, group I could withstand the muscle fatigue longer than group C, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the bite force discrimination test both groups showed a similar pattern. Group I showed a closer correlation than group C between recordings in a test of stepwise increase of force and a randomized test of five force levels. Both groups appeared functionally normal in the masticatory system and reacted similarly in the physiologic experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474855 TI - Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in a series of Finnish children. AB - The prevalences of subjective symptoms and clinical signs of craniomandibular (CM) disorders, orofacial parafunctions, and occlusal conditions were determined in a series of Finnish children (n = 166). All were first interviewed, and then 156 of them were examined clinically. Fifty-two per cent of the children reported at least one subjective symptom, and 75% at least one parafunctional habit. Clinical signs were common but rarely severe in accordance with Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index (Di). Both the number of subjective symptoms (p less than 0.001) and the number of orofacial parafunctions (p less than 0.05) correlated with the clinical dysfunction index. PMID- 3474856 TI - Clinical findings in the stomatognathic system for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. AB - A group of 123 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) and 28 individuals with osteoarthrosis (OA group) were compared with 52 individuals without general joint symptoms (C group). The individuals in the RA and OA groups constituted 35% and 14%, respectively, of all individuals with RA and OA at the Rheumatism Hospital in Strangnas, Sweden, during the period of investigation. All individuals answered a questionnaire concerning subjective symptoms from the stomatognathic system and general joint symptoms and were given a clinical examination comprising the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, mandibular mobility, and occlusion. Most signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system were more frequent and more severe in the RA and OA groups than in the C group. The clinical signs were of a similar character in the RA and OA groups, but the individuals in the RA and OA groups had less occlusal support, more occlusal interferences, greater distance between RP and IP, and less vertical overbite than the C group. Anterior open bite was found with higher frequency and severity in the RA and OA groups than in the C group and was correlated to clinical dysfunction score and reduced maximum mouth opening capacity. PMID- 3474857 TI - Response to occlusal treatment in headache patients previously treated by mock occlusal adjustment. AB - Headache patients who had received mock occlusal adjustment and who, after the placebo treatment, were judged to have moderate to severe mandibular dysfunction were offered further treatment. The present study reports the results of occlusal treatment in 19 patients who were willing to undergo further treatment. Statistically significant reduction after occlusal treatment (occlusal adjustment, aided in some cases by temporary use of occlusal splints) was observed in clinical signs (P less than 0.05) and subjective symptoms (P less than 0.01) of mandibular dysfunction and in the frequency of headache (P less than 0.05). The results are complementary to our earlier clinical studies and corroborate the conclusion that improvements after occlusal treatment exceed those after placebo treatment. PMID- 3474858 TI - Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism in Norway, 1975-1984. A national survey. AB - The estimated need for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism in Norway is 500 patients each year. A questionnaire sent to the maxillofacial surgical units performing orthognathic surgery in Norway showed that in the decade from 1975 to 1985 altogether 1169 patients underwent surgical correction of mandibular prognathism; that is, only 117 patients were treated yearly [corrected]. Extraoral vertical subcondylar osteotomy of the mandibular ramus was the preferred surgical technique, performed on 57% of the patients. Intraoral vertical subcondylar osteotomy of the ramus increased in use and thus seems to be taking over for the extraoral technique. Sagittal split osteotomy was used on 25% of the patients. The different units showed great variation in their preference for the different surgical techniques. Preoperative orthodontics was widely used, on a mean of 77% of the patients. The average hospital stay was 8.5 days, somewhat longer than reported from other countries; however, geographical conditions should be taken into consideration. PMID- 3474859 TI - Geographical distribution, preoperative orthodontics, and morbidity of Norwegian patients surgically treated for mandibular prognathism. AB - The geographical distribution of 1169 Norwegian patients operated on for mandibular prognathism during the years 1975-1984 showed an accumulation of cases in the western and northern parts of the country. This skew distribution was probably due to genetic factors. No association was found between the number of operated patients and the number of orthodontists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the different counties. Most of the patients (69%) had less than 2 years and 10% had more than 4 years of preoperative orthodontic treatment. The use of presurgical orthodontics seemed to increase during the observation period, and the mean treatment time was shorter in the last half of the decade. The morbidity, defined as the duration of the hospital stay and the intermaxillary fixation period, was on an average 56 days, mostly dependent on the surgical unit. PMID- 3474860 TI - A note on adults with growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 3474861 TI - Cystic fibrosis. Carbohydrate metabolism in CF and in animal models for CF. AB - Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic genetic disease mainly affecting the exocrine glands. Its main clinical symptoms are: abnormal production of mucus which blocks the airways, pancreatic insufficiency and increased sweat electrolytes. In the present investigation a series of enzymes and metabolites--mainly of carbohydrate metabolism--was investigated in biological fluids from CF homozygotes, CF heterozygotes and healthy controls under different conditions. CF homozygotes- and to a lesser degree CF heterozygotes--had increased activity of ribonuclease, and increased concentrations of electrolytes and lactate in their saliva and urine at rest. Saliva of CF patients also had augmented levels of protein. When healthy persons were submitted to anaerobic effort, the activity of ribonuclease and the concentrations of protein, electrolytes and lactate increased in their saliva, and thereby, mimicked the values found in the saliva of cystic fibrosis patients at rest. An abnormal response to a sucrose load was found in both CF homozygotes and CF-heterozygotes. Greater increase in both glucose and lactate concentrations in the blood as well as a more rapid clearance of these metabolites was observed after the sucrose intake. A possible cause for these findings could be a disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in CF. Therefore, enzymes and metabolites connected to the metabolic pathway of glucose were investigated in CF fibroblasts and in animal models for CF. An increased activity of glycolytic enzymes in CF fibroblast were shown. Similar increases in activities of glycolytic enzymes were found in cells of submandibular glands of rats that were killed in a state of induced metabolic acidosis. These cells also showed increased protein and mucus contents, and elemental changes similar to those observed in fibroblasts of cystic fibrosis patients. Contrary to this, decreased activities of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway were found in the submandibular gland of chronically reserpinized rats. The end-products of glycolysis, pyruvate and lactate, were also decreased, whereas the concentration of phosphoenolopyruvate and creatinphosphate were increased, possibly causing acidosis in the gland. Thus a disturbed glycolytic pathway in CF cells and a decreased intracellular pH might play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3474862 TI - Distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells in human bone marrow of patients with leukemia. AB - In the bone marrow of leukemic patients (31 cases), the number of immunoglobulin containing cells per unit square significantly decreased to the level of approximately 20-50% of the age-matched control, although the serum level of immunoglobulin in these patients was almost comparable to the control level. The number of immunoglobulin containing cells in the bone marrow was inversely related with the degree of infiltration of leukemic cells and the correlation of Ig-G containing cell count (Y) and percentage of blast cells (X) was Y = 91.8 1.9X (r = -0.436, P less than 0.05). Follow-up examination of the bone marrow after chemotherapy revealed that the recovery of the number of immunoglobulin containing cells in the remission state appeared to occur in younger patients, but not in older ones. PMID- 3474864 TI - The effect of lateral hypothalamic lesions on spontaneous EEG pattern in rats. AB - Neocortical and hippocampal EEG was recorded in ten rats subjected to bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus at different levels of its rostro-caudal axis. In nine rats the damage evoked a marked increase of waking time with a simultaneous reduction of the percentage of large amplitude irregular activity related to slow wave sleep in the first eight postlesion days. There was also a decrease in the amount of paradoxical sleep. Enhanced waking coexisted with behavioral somnolence. The most extensive hypothalamic lesions produced qualitative changes of EEG concerning mainly the frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm. Control lesions within the subthalamic region did not influence either qualitative or quantitative EEG pattern. It is concluded that limited lesions of the lateral hypothalamus did not destroy a sacient number of reticular activating fibers to disturb a cortical desynchronizing reaction. The increased amount of waking pattern may be due to serotonergic deafferentation of the neocortex. Dissociation of behavioral and EEG indices of the level of arousal imply the existence of separate neuronal systems for both aspects of activation. PMID- 3474863 TI - High alkaline phosphatase activity of telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) and its diagnostic significance. AB - Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) which occurred in the metaphysis of the right femoral bone in a 13-year-old female was reported. It showed osteolytic and cystic lesion without sclerotic change on roentgenogram and consisted histologically of various sized blood-filled spaces lined by layers of round to oval tumor cells in the thin fibrous septa. In some solid areas, a proliferation of atypical tumor cells with large prominent nucleoli was evident, embedded in the lace-like osteoid tissue. Mitotic cells were easily encountered. A large population of tumor cells revealed high alkaline phosphatase activity as well as 5'-nucleotidase activity, indicative of osteogenic cell origin. Ultrastructurally, they showed osteogenic characteristics of well-developed rough endoplasmic reticula, cytoplasmic microfibrils, and dense bodies, but not for those of endothelial cells. In this report, we suggest that alkaline phosphatase activity in biopsy and surgical specimens is useful for distinguishing TOS from other osteolytic bone tumors, with regard to its ontogenic discussion. PMID- 3474865 TI - Effect of baclofen on different models of bronchial hyperreactivity in the guinea pig. AB - In this paper we report an inhibitory effect of (-)-baclofen on many models of bronchial hyperreactivity both in vivo and in vitro. (-)-Baclofen protects guinea pigs from the anaphylactic bronchospasm induced in sensitized animals by an ovalbumin aerosol and from that induced by aerosols of histamine and PGF2 alpha. Moreover (-)-baclofen reduces the TXA2 and TXB2 output induced by ovalbumin from isolated sensitized guinea-pig lungs. On the other hand (-)-baclofen does not show antihistaminic, anticholinergic or antiprostaglandinic action on isolated tracheal preparations. It is concluded that baclofen can provide protection from bronchial hyperreactivity possibly through a modulation of autonomic nervous system activity. PMID- 3474866 TI - [Changes in the temporal muscle activity of subjects with complete dentures]. PMID- 3474867 TI - [The effect of hygiene on the supporting tissues of fixed dentures]. PMID- 3474868 TI - [A true or arbitrary mandibular hinge axis]. PMID- 3474869 TI - [Osseointegrated dental implants]. PMID- 3474870 TI - [Stereophotogrammetric analysis of changes in the lower facial third in prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 3474871 TI - [Corrosion of the SmCo5 magnetic alloy]. PMID- 3474872 TI - [Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3474873 TI - [The adhesiveness of various cements under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 3474874 TI - [Galvanic currents and oral pathologic changes and symptoms in the mouth]. PMID- 3474875 TI - [The aspects of tooth color selection in removable prosthodontics]. PMID- 3474876 TI - [Gnathodynamometric studies of the causes of pathologic abrasion]. PMID- 3474877 TI - [Assessment of the load exerted on particular teeth in patients with pathologic abrasion]. PMID- 3474878 TI - Unusual histopathology of mucormycosis in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Mucormycosis is a mycotic disease caused by certain genera of the class Zygomycetes (order Mucorales). It is usually a rapidly progressive opportunistic infection characterized by vascular invasion, neutrophilic response, and intravascular thromboses. Entomophthoromycosis describes another disease caused by Zycomycetes, but of the order Entophthorales. In contrast to mucormycosis, entomophthoromycosis is not associated with underlying disease. Vascular invasion by the hyphae does not occur, and the hyphae are surrounded by eosinophilic sheathes. These sheathes are regarded as one form of the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. The authors report an unusual case of mucormycosis in a severely pancytopenic patient dying of acute myelogenous leukemia. At autopsy, eosinophilic sheathes with radiating fibrils were seen about intravascular hyphae, simulating entomophthoromycosis. This pseudo-Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon appears to be caused by adsorption of plasma and fibrin to the hyphal walls in the absence of both neutrophilic response and extensive fibrin clotting. PMID- 3474879 TI - Discrepancies between morphologic, cytochemical, and immunologic characteristics in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - This study was designed to compare the cytochemical pattern with the immunologic phenotype in 108 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) criteria. Special attention was paid to the cases where discrepancy existed between these approaches and to a group of 11 patients considered as unclassifiable mainly because a second cell population- megakaryoblastic--was detected. Three types of discrepancies were observed: cases with typical morphologic characteristics and cytochemistry but devoid of lineage specific antigens; these mainly include poorly differentiated leukemias (eight M1, four M2, and eight M5a), suggesting that the cytochemical enzymes are earlier myeloid markers than the currently available monoclonal antibodies; cases in which immunologic characteristics were discordant with morphologic characteristics and cytochemistry; these include two M2 cases positive for monocytic monoclonal antibodies (CD14); six M5b cases positive for granulocytic monoclonal antibodies (CD15); and seven M4 cases lacking in CD14 or CD15 antigens; cases with discrepancies between morphologic characteristics and cytochemistry and in which the immunologic markers permitted the correct assessment of cell lineage (six cases). These results show that the classification of these patients is better achieved by a combined morphologic, cytochemical, and immunologic approach. PMID- 3474880 TI - A study of the factors causing differences in the relative variability of linear radiographic cephalometric measurements. AB - Certain factors causing variation of linear radiographic cephalometric measurements were evaluated using the regression analysis. The material of the study consisted of data from three earlier investigations and included 73 measurements of four separate samples of children and young adults. Approximately 75% of the variation of the variation coefficient (V) could be attributed to the variation in the length of the measurements (means) and thus mainly to the mathematic properties of V. Thus, differences in the relative variation did not always indicate differences in the absolute variation (SD). Two factors were extracted that had an increasing effect upon the variability--the location of the reference points on an osseous contour and the location of the reference points (one or both) in the mandible. The great variability of the reference points located on osseous contours was probably caused by local changes in bone configurations, and the great variability of the measurements involving the mandible probably indicated some specific growth changes in the size, form, and rotation movements of this bone. In clinical use such reference points that include relevant information only and that could be fixed by consistent features of the local morphology should be preferred. PMID- 3474881 TI - A conservative postorthodontic treatment of enamel stains. AB - The purpose of this presentation is to describe a method used to remove or improve superficial stains in the enamel including mild decalcification present before and after orthodontic therapy. This procedure is only successful in the treatment of stains involving the outer enamel surface and is not effective for treating generalized pigmentation of the enamel and/or dentin. A step-by-step approach for the removal of the superficial enamel stains is presented. PMID- 3474882 TI - Relative wire stiffness due to lingual versus labial interbracket distance. AB - Orthodontic treatment of patients with lingual appliances necessitates modifications of the conventional mechanotherapy used with labial appliances. When the brackets are placed on the lingual instead of the labial surface, the interbracket distances in the anterior region of the arches are decreased significantly. The purpose of this study was to determine by how much these interbracket distances are decreased, and to quantitate what effect this has on relative wire stiffness. Lingual and labial brackets were placed on models of 30 orthodontically treated patients and a ratio comparing the lingual to labial interbracket distances was calculated to be 1:1.47. Twenty-five orthodontic wires at lengths of 1 inch and 1.47 inches were then evaluated for their stiffness in first-, second-, and third-order bending. The results showed that the decreased interbracket distance associated with lingual appliances makes a wire seem approximately 3 times as stiff as when used with labial appliances for first- and second-order bends, and approximately 1 1/2 times as stiff for third-order bends. Wire equivalence charts were developed to help orthodontists make direct comparisons between labial and lingual arch wires in regard to stiffness. These charts should prove useful to the clinician during initial alignment and final detailing when adequate arch wire flexibility is essential. PMID- 3474883 TI - An individualized approach to locating the occlusal plane. AB - "The occlusion of the teeth is the most potent factor in determining the stability in the new position." This was written by Kingsley more than 100 years ago and it is equally true today. Identifying the degree of occlusal change that occurs, either through growth factors or because of treatment, is necessary and important. This article explores the relation that exists between the occlusal plane and the lower-face skeletal pattern in the individual patient. A method is shown to locate the occlusal plane within these various lower-face skeletal patterns. This becomes an important factor in treatment when changes in the occlusal relation are made in patients, especially in maxillofacial surgery, prosthetics, and orthodontics. PMID- 3474884 TI - Ingested retainer: a case report. AB - Ingestion of dental appliances such as partial dentures and endodontic files have been reported. Orthodontic bands, palatal bars, and auxilliary springs have been swallowed incidentally, usually without complications. However, ingestion of a metal and acrylic retainer with sharp edges and bare wires could, without appropriate treatment, cause death. This case report describes an accidental swallowing of a retainer and its retrieval. PMID- 3474885 TI - Begg-edgewise diagnosis-determined totally individualized orthodontic technique: introduction to clinical applications. AB - Five cases treated with BEDDTIOT are reported in this article. These cases illustrate the ease and speed of treatment, anchorage control, and versatility of BEDDTIOT. They demonstrate the importance of having an appliance that facilitates both (1) tipping teeth with light forces and (2) full, precise three-dimensional control. PMID- 3474886 TI - College of Diplomates, American Board of Orthodontics. Reflections and projections. PMID- 3474887 TI - Crossroads: acceptance or rejection of functional jaw orthopedics. PMID- 3474888 TI - Backhand buttonhook boosts bands. PMID- 3474889 TI - The enkephalin response in human tooth pulp to orthodontic force. AB - Public perception is that dentistry and pain go hand in hand; thus, pain and pain control are important considerations to the profession. Recent studies have attempted to discover the precise metabolic events involved in neural transmission of nociceptive information. One focus has been the study of peptidergic pathways, which purportedly inhibit the firing of pain-conducting fibers. The research described in this article defined the existence of one enkephalin, methionine enkephalin (ME), in an extract of human tooth pulp tissue and the effect of orthodontic force on that ME concentration. One set of patients who had premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes served as controls. Another set, also diagnosed for premolar extractions, had a coil spring attached between the left and right maxillary premolars to supply an orthodontic force for a period of time prior to extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, radioreceptor assay, and mass spectrometry were used in a series of experiments to isolate, identify, and quantify ME in the pulp tissues. Principal results were as follows: for the first time ME was detected in human tooth pulp, orthodontic force caused a significant decrease in ME concentrations in the group of experimental teeth compared with controls, and ME levels of the first spring-attached tooth that was removed from each patient had a statistically significant inverse log-linear relationship to the amount of applied force. These data indicate that orthodontic force mobilizes at least one neuropeptidergic pathway in the human tooth pulp. PMID- 3474890 TI - Measurement of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mRNA in clinical samples: a new parameter in analysis of leukemia cells. AB - A 1750 base pair cDNA to human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has been cloned. This cDNA detects a dominant 2200 base pair messenger RNA species in normal and leukemic cells synthesizing the enzyme. A quantitative dot blot assay was utilized to survey a number of clinical samples from patients with TdT positive and negative leukemias as well as cells from normal volunteers. A linear relationship was detected between the amount of TdT mRNA and the amount of enzyme activity in bone marrow cells. The assay is sensitive enough to detect normal TdT levels in bone marrow, and distinguish these levels from the lack of such mRNA in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with myeloid leukemia. Elevated levels of mRNA were found in two cases of patients in clinical remission. The prognostic significance of these observations must await further study. PMID- 3474891 TI - Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia: morphologic and clinical correlations. AB - Twenty-eight adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute leukemia were studied to determine if additional chromosomal changes were related to specific morphologic and clinical features. Twenty patients had chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC), three had Ph+ de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), and five had de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Chromosomal abnormalities in addition to a single Ph were noted in 90% of patients with CML-BC and included a second Ph (five patients), +8 or duplication of part of 8q (five patients), dicentric isochromosome 17 (two patients), and +19 (two patients). Octaploidy with 4 Ph was seen in one patient with megakaryoblastic transformation. One of two patients with a progranulocytic blast crisis had a t(15;17) abnormality. Hypodiploidy was noted in 4 of 20 patients with CML-BC. Each of the four patients had prominent extramedullary manifestations of blast crisis. All had received intensive chemotherapy prior to the detection of hypodiploidy, and the cytogenetic findings were similar to those often seen in patients with therapy-related leukemia. An inv(3)(q21q26) was noted in two patients (one CML-BC, one de novo Ph+ ANLL), one of whom had hypolobulated micromegakaryocytes. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities in de novo Ph+ ANLL (especially +19) were similar to those in CML-BC. In contrast, the additional karyotypic changes in de novo Ph+ ALL (eg, +4, -7, -20, markers) were those commonly seen in ALL without a Ph and were generally different from those seen in CML-BC. PMID- 3474892 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive homosexual man. AB - A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive homosexual man is reported. The patient improved after corticosteroid and plasma exchange therapy was instituted. The case demonstrated most of the classic features of TTP, including histologic evidence of fibrin thrombi in small blood vessels. Atypical features included reduced number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and only partial resolution of thrombocytopenia after therapy was begun. An autoimmune thrombocytopenia has been well characterized in HIV-antibody-seropositive homosexual men. Physicians caring for HIV-seropositive persons should also be aware of a possible association with TTP. PMID- 3474894 TI - Hepatic candidiasis: an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients. AB - Hepatic candidiasis has been increasingly recognized as a variant of disseminated candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Five leukemic patients with antemortem diagnosis of hepatic candidiasis are described, and 32 additional cases reported in the literature are reviewed. Cultures of the liver and/or spleen and blood cultures usually give negative results; histopathologic demonstration of Candida organisms in tissue specimens is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Response to conventional therapy with amphotericin B is poor, and 34.4 percent of the patients died with evidence of active fungal disease. Liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B, which has been successfully used in a limited number of patients with invasive fungal disease, may be an effective and relatively nontoxic drug. PMID- 3474893 TI - Mapping the Wilson disease locus to a cluster of linked polymorphic markers on chromosome 13. AB - Linkage of both several chromosome 13 DNA markers and the locus for the red cell enzyme esterase D (ESD) to Wilson disease (WD), an autosomal recessive disorder affecting copper metabolism, was investigated in five Middle-Eastern kindreds. The single-copy probe 7D2, identifying the polymorphic region D13S10, was demonstrated to lie 7.5 centiMorgans (cM) from the locus, since a maximum lod score of 4.66 at a recombination frequency of .07 (7.5 cM) was found between the locus for WD (WND) and D13S10. Multipoint linkage analysis between several chromosome 13 markers and WND enables us to propose that the order of markers closely linked to WND is as follows: centromere-D13S10-ESD-WND. PMID- 3474895 TI - "Cure" of chronic cryptosporidiosis during treatment with azidothymidine in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3474896 TI - Malignant histiocytosis and acute monocytic leukemia. PMID- 3474897 TI - Re-evaluation of the supernumerary chromosome in an individual with cat eye syndrome. PMID- 3474898 TI - Multiple congenital anomalies associated with apparently normal maternal intake of vitamin A: a phenocopy of the isotretinoin syndrome? AB - The teratogenicity of vitamin A has been repeatedly reported in the literature and confirmed on the basis of several cases of adverse pregnancy outcome associated with maternal isotretinoin exposure. We report a case which shows a striking similarity with this syndrome, but the child was born to a mother who took a normal supplementation of vitamin A during pregnancy. The differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 3474899 TI - Mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome): a new proposal for its pathogenesis. AB - Acute exposure to 400 mg/kg 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA, isotretinoin, Accutane) on the ninth day postfertilization in mice (a time that corresponds to the fourth week postfertilization in humans) results in malformations that characterize mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD, Treacher Collins syndrome). Deficiencies in the infraorbital region and in the mandibular ramus and condyle, abnormalities of the secondary palate, and external ear malformations were observed. Light and scanning electron microscopic analyses of affected embryos illustrate that within 12 hours of maternal 13-cis RA treatment, markedly excessive (possibly premature) cell death occurs in regions where some of the cells are normally destined to undergo programmed cell death. Previous studies with retinoids have shown that they labilize lysosomal membranes and expand and strengthen regions of programmed cell death. Of particular interest for this study was cell death occurring in the dorsal (proximal) aspects of the maxillary and mandibular prominences of the first visceral arch, the second visceral arch, and the first visceral cleft, areas that correspond to the locations of the first and second arch ectodermal ("ganglionic") placodes and first closing membrane, respectively. The derivatives of this region are those that are severely affected in MFD. As described in previous reports from this laboratory, 13-cis RA is known to interfere with neural crest cells, resulting in major craniofacial malformations. However, the exposure times involved were earlier than those described herein. It is hypothesized that effects on the first and second arch ectodermal placodal cells at a time following the release from the neural folds of neural crest cells into the developing cranial region are of great significance in the pathogenesis of MFD. This is in contrast to the prevailing hypothesis that these malformations are the direct result of a primary interference with neural crest cells. PMID- 3474900 TI - Counseling HIV-antibody positive blood donors. PMID- 3474901 TI - Hydatidiform mole: cytogenetically unusual cases and their implications for the present classification. AB - Unusual observations in hydatidiform moles are of clinical importance as well as of theoretical interest when the present subgrouping into partial or complete moles is evaluated, particularly in view of the more malignant potential of the latter. The purpose of the present review is to summarize, update, and evaluate information on moles with unusual karyotypes or origins. The important factor in the evolution of partial or complete moles appears to be the ratio of maternal to paternal chromosomes and not the ploidy of the tissue. Complete hydatidiform moles develop from androgenetic conceptions while partial hydatidiform moles develop from those conceptions in which the number of paternal sets of chromosomes exceeds the number of maternally derived sets. Rare cases inconsistent with this concept emphasize the value of examining morphologic features, cell ploidy, and genetic markers when one is attempting to classify hydatidiform moles. PMID- 3474903 TI - Clinical investigation of the Paraperm EW rigid gas-permeable contact lens. AB - Paraperm EW is a high oxygen flux silicone/acrylate rigid lens material currently under clinical investigation for extended wear. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical findings after 12 months of a 2-year investigation of 18 patients fitted with this material. Fifteen were successfully wearing Paraperm EW lenses at 1 year. The only significant clinical finding was keratometric flattening at the 1-month visit. It was concluded that the Paraperm EW lens was durable, comfortable, and provided excellent visual acuity during the course of this investigation without inducing any of the ocular complications sometimes associated with extended wear of hydrogel lenses. PMID- 3474902 TI - Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha gradients across the uterus in women in labor and not in labor. AB - Before or during labor in humans, changes in peripheral levels of estrogen and progesterone are not evident. Local alterations of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin concentrations may be present and be accompanied by prostaglandin changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in concentrations of these hormones across the uterus and to evaluate their interrelationships in patients at term gestation with and without labor. Blood samples were obtained from a radial artery and a uterine vein in 22 women without and in 10 with labor. The difference between levels in the two blood vessels was designated as the gradient. Neither levels nor gradients were different between the two groups for estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, or prolactin. The plasma levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 were significantly increased in labor. Prostacyclin levels, as indicated by the 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha metabolite, were not altered. The gradients for prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 were significantly increased in labor. The results of the study also suggested that, in gestation at term, serum prolactin is produced mainly by the pituitary and that estrone may originate from peripheral conversion of estradiol. We conclude that in humans prostaglandin gradients of the E and F groups are increased in labor. These increases are not associated with changes in sex steroids or prolactin. Prostacyclin metabolite gradients also appear not to be altered in labor, suggesting that some prostaglandins are selectively increased in early labor either by enhanced production or decreased metabolism or both. PMID- 3474904 TI - Athletic amenorrhea, major affective disorders, and eating disorders. AB - While studying amenorrheic runners, the authors became aware of psychiatric differences between them. Psychiatric interviews of 13 amenorrheic and 19 regularly menstruating runners revealed that of the amenorrheic runners, 11 reported major affective disorders in themselves or in first- and second-degree relatives and eight reported eating disorders in themselves. Among the regularly menstruating runners, however, there were no eating disorders or major affective disorders, and only one had first-degree relatives with major affective disorders. These data suggest a link between athletic amenorrhea in runners, major affective disorders, and eating disorders. PMID- 3474905 TI - Onset of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome before 1 year of age. AB - The authors report on three patients in North Dakota with an apparent onset of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome before 1 year of age. Infantile onset may occur in 4.1% of the child patients with Tourette's disorder in that state. It is suggested that the diagnostic criteria for Tourette's disorder be revised to include patients who develop the illness before they are 1 year old. PMID- 3474906 TI - Jogging and Tourette's disorder. PMID- 3474907 TI - [Comparative humidity measurements in semiclosed and semiopen systems with the additional use of artificial noses]. AB - The administration of dry anesthetic gases for ventilation lasting more than 1 h leads to morphological changes of the tracheobronchial epithelium that may cause postoperative pulmonary complications. Therefore, additional humidification is suggested for ventilation during anesthesia, particularly when using semiopen breathing systems. Recommendations concerning the use of semiclosed systems are controversial: previous studies have shown sufficient humidification on the one hand, and insufficient water content in the inspired air on the other hand. In this study, comparative humidity measurements in a semiopen and a semiclosed system were carried out during anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. We particularly wanted to find out whether placement of the fresh gas inlet into the circle before or behind the soda lime canister influences the humidity of the inspired gas. In addition, we tested three types of "heat and moisture exchanges" -Engstrom "Edith", Siemens "Servo Humidifier", and Portex "Humid Vent". A total of 58 patients between 23 and 78 years of age were studied. They were divided into three groups. Group I: In 10 patients comparative humidity measurements were carried out using both a semiopen and a semiclosed system. Group II: The time course of water saturation during a 3-h period was determined in 10 patients ventilated with a semiopen and 8 patients ventilated with a semiclosed circle system. Group III: In 20 patients we tested the effect of "heat and moisture exchangers". All patients were intubated and ventilated with the Spiromat 656 and the Circle System 8 (Drger) that made ventilation in both a semiclosed and a semiopen system possible. The humidity measurements were carried out using a psychometric method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474908 TI - [Disinfection of ventilators and related equipment with an aseptor?]. PMID- 3474909 TI - Evaluation of the anxiolytic and amnestic effects of diazepam and midazolam for minor oral surgery. AB - Thirty three healthy patients (ASA 1) who required the removal of impacted third molars were included in a double-blind cross-over trial to compare the amnestic and anxiolytic efficacy of diazepam and midazolam. The anxiolytic properties of the two drugs were assessed objectively by the measurement of changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma cortisol levels, and subjectively by a patient assessment using a visual analogue scale for anxiety. The amnestic properties were evaluated by patient's ability to recall two visual stimuli they were shown. The first drug given was titrated to clinical sedation and the second drug was given in an "equipotent" ratio of 1.0 midazolam to 2.86 diazepam. There was a statistically significant fall in anxiety and good levels of amnesia achieved using both drugs. No statistical differences were detected between the two drugs. PMID- 3474910 TI - A comparison of oral and intravenous diazepam sedation for periodontal surgery. AB - Intravenous and oral diazepam were evaluated as to their effectiveness in conscious sedation during two similar surgical episodes. Ten patients, six females and four males, from 30 to 60 years of age were included in the study. Patients received either 10 mg oral diazepam and saline intravenous injection or oral placebo and 10 mg intravenous (IV) diazepam at each trial. Half the patients received the oral diazepam first and the other half received the IV diazepam first. Patients were not informed as to the route of administration during each trial. Physiologic stress was measured by monitoring blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, galvanic skin response, and plasma catecholamine levels. Patients evaluated their comfort and nervousness levels on a questionnaire. Anterograde amnesia was tested by patient's ability to recall objects shown them during the procedure. As evidenced by the physiologic and biochemical parameters, intravenous diazepam was more effective in reducing anxiety and stress as compared with an equivalent oral dose. Patients' subjective ratings were consistent with these findings. Intravenous diazepam was effective in producing anterograde amnesia in the majority of patients, whereas no amnesic effect was noted with oral diazepam. Correlation statistics demonstrated a relative independence of the parameters measured in the present study indicating that all parameters must be considered in overall patient evaluation. Reduction of anxiety during the first surgery resulted in less anxiety on the subsequent visit. PMID- 3474911 TI - Analysis of preoperative laboratory values prior to outpatient dental anesthesia. AB - A retrospective study of 672 ASA Class I patients undergoing outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgical procedures was performed to evaluate the significance and incidence of abnormal preoperative serum glucose and hematocrit levels. There was an 11% overall incidence of "abnormal" values. Specifically, 6% of the patients had serum glucose levels below 60 g/dl and 5% had hematocritis less than 35 mg/dl. These values are not outside the realm of normal and had no impact on the preoperative, perioperative, or postoperative anesthetic management. The results of this study and review of the suggest that routine laboratory analysis is of little value in the anesthetic management of ASA Class I patients in which a thorough history and physical examination is obtained. PMID- 3474912 TI - Inability to extubate because of Kirshner wire transfixation of the endotracheal tube. AB - A Kirshner wire penetrated and transfixed the endotracheal tube placed to maintain a patient for open reduction of a malar bone fracture. To avoid such incidents, a radiographic check should be made soon after wire placement, and tracheotomy equipment should be available in the oral surgery suite. PMID- 3474913 TI - Search for genetic variation in the blood of Norwegian dairy goats reveals a new polymorphism at the Hb beta A locus. AB - A total of 150 blood samples tested for serum albumin and transferrin and for red cell carbonic anhydrase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, nucleoside phosphorylase, acid phosphatase, 'X'-protein and potassium concentration only showed variation at the 'X' protein and nucleoside phosphorylase loci. Isoelectric focusing over pH range 6-8 showed 145 samples to be of haemoglobin type A and 5 type AD. The haemoglobin A type was resolved into further types by separation over pH 6.9-7.5 in Immobiline polyacrylamide gels. A 2- or 4-band pattern was present in 136 of the samples; a genetic hypothesis based on four or more different haemoglobin A variants is proposed. 14 samples had a 3-, 5- or 6-band pattern. It is assumed that these are heterozygous for a variant of the II alpha gene. PMID- 3474914 TI - Oxytocin precipitation of prostaglandin-induced farrowing in swine: determination of the optimal dose of oxytocin and optimal interval between prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin. AB - The influence of dose of oxytocin and the interval between prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and oxytocin administration on the synchrony of farrowing, the prevalence of intrapartum complications, and the number of pigs dying perinatally was investigated. In study 1, sows were given 10 mg of PGF2 alpha IM on day 112, 113, or 114 of gestation or were not treated. Twenty hours after PGF2 alpha administration, sows were given 0, 5, 10, 20, or 30 USP U of oxytocin IM. Sows treated with PGF2 alpha or PGF2 alpha plus oxytocin had a shorter interval to farrowing than sows not treated or treated with oxytocin alone. Treatment with PGF2 alpha plus 30 U of oxytocin induced the most rapid onset and the greatest synchrony of farrowing, with the mean onset occurring 2.1 +/- 0.4 hours after oxytocin vs greater than 8 hours for all other treatments. Sows treated with 5 or 10 U of oxytocin had a delayed onset and a less synchronous farrowing, compared with sows treated with 0 or 20 U. Day of PGF2 alpha treatment influenced (P less than 0.05) the interval from oxytocin to onset of farrowing. As day during gestation decreased, there was a corresponding decrease in the interval between oxytocin administration and farrowing. Number of interventions to remove retained pigs was not influenced (P greater than 0.05) by day of PGF2 alpha administration. All sows treated with PGF2 alpha followed by oxytocin had a higher rate of manual interventions, compared with that in sows given PGF2 alpha but not oxytocin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3474915 TI - Calcium homeostasis after parathyroidectomy in normal and shocked states. AB - The natural history of parathyroidectomy was studied for 75 weeks in two dogs. After parathyroidectomy, the dogs required intravenous and intramuscular calcium supplementation for 1 week. Despite calcium supplementation, in 2 weeks the ionized calcium (Ca++) level fell from 4.67 mg/dl to 2.39 mg/dl. The Ca++ level rose to 4.25 mg/dl by 7 weeks after which the intramuscular calcium supplement was gradually weaned so that no calcium was given after 20 weeks. The Ca++ level stabilized at 3.15 to 3.25 mg/dl after 20 weeks. Postoperative parathormone (PTH) levels remained low. The response to hemorrhagic shock in these two calcium independent dogs was compared with that seen in two calcium-dependent dogs 4 weeks after parathyroidectomy and to that seen in two euparathyroid dogs. Shock caused a sharp decrease in Ca++ in all animals that had parathyroid ectomy. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was elevated preoperatively in these dogs and fell markedly during shock. Ca++ remained normal and PGE2 increased slightly after shock in the euparathyroid dogs. Cardiac output rose with resuscitation in the euparathyroid dogs but remained constant in the calcium-dependent dogs and increased slightly in the calcium independent parathyroidectomized animals. PTH levels were low in the parathyroidectomy groups and did not react to shock. PTH increased markedly after resuscitation in the euparathyroid dogs, suggesting its role as an acute-phase hormone. All levels returned to baseline levels within 3 days after shock. Adaptation to hypocalcemia occurs in parathyroidectomized dogs and involves PGE2 as well as other factors. Hemorrhagic shock exceeds this compensatory response which in euparathyroid dogs involves active PTH release in response to hypocalcemia. PMID- 3474917 TI - [Study of the E. A. T., a self-evaluation case in anorexia in a control population and in a sample of anorectics]. PMID- 3474916 TI - Prevalence of anti-HIV and anti-delta among deferred HBsAg-positive volunteer blood donors. PMID- 3474918 TI - Distribution and properties of human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes. PMID- 3474919 TI - Alcohol and the cell. PMID- 3474920 TI - Ethanol-induced adaptation in biological membranes. PMID- 3474921 TI - The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and its interaction with other drugs, carcinogens, and vitamins. AB - The interaction of ethanol with the oxidative drug-metabolizing enzymes present in liver microsomes results in a number of clinically significant side effects in the alcoholic. Following chronic ethanol consumption, the activity of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) increases. This enhancement of MEOS activity is primarily due to the induction of a unique microsomal cytochrome P 450 isozyme, which has a high capacity for ethanol oxidation, as shown in reconstituted systems. Normally present in liver microsomes at low levels, this form of cytochrome P-450 increases dramatically after chronic ethanol intake in many species, including baboons. The in-vivo role of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic ethanol oxidation, especially following chronic ethanol consumption, has been conclusively demonstrated in deer-mice lacking liver ADH. Induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 by ethanol is associated with the enhanced oxidation of other drugs as well, resulting in metabolic tolerance to these agents. There is also increased cytochrome P-450-dependent activation of known hepatotoxins such as carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen, which may explain the greater susceptibility of alcoholics to the toxicity of industrial solvents and commonplace analgesics. In addition, the ethanol-inducible form of cytochrome P 450 has the highest capacity of all known P-450 isozymes for the activation of dimethylnitrosamine, a potent (and ubiquitous) carcinogen. Moreover, cytochrome P 450-catalyzed oxidation of retinol is accelerated in liver microsomes, which may contribute to the hepatic vitamin A depletion seen in alcoholics. In contrast to chronic ethanol consumption, acute ethanol intake inhibits the metabolism of other drugs via competition for shared microsomal oxidation pathways. Thus, the interplay between ethanol and liver microsomes has a profound impact on the way heavy drinkers respond to drugs, solvents, vitamins, and carcinogens. PMID- 3474922 TI - Partition of ethanol and other amphiphilic compounds modulated by chronic alcoholism. PMID- 3474923 TI - Effects of ethanol on membrane order: fluorescence studies. PMID- 3474924 TI - Effects of altered phospholipid molecular species on erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 3474925 TI - Membrane structural alterations caused by chronic ethanol consumption: the molecular basis of membrane tolerance. PMID- 3474926 TI - The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on the lipids in liver mitochondria. AB - The ethanol-related alterations in hepatic mitochondrial phospholipids are primarily changes in acyl chain composition. There are no alterations in the unesterified cholesterol content in the mitochondrion, as measured by the cholesterol-phospholipid ratio. Moreover, the distribution of mitochondrial phospholipids are not changed as a result of chronic ethanol consumption. There was a significant ethanol-related decrease (18%) in the phospholipid-protein ratio in mitochondria from rats maintained on a low-fat diet, which was not observed in studies where animals were fed diets containing a higher proportion of lipid. This effect of dietary composition on the phospholipid-protein ratio was also paralleled by the interaction between diet and ethanol in influencing the phospholipid acyl composition. The alterations in acyl chain distribution indicated that ethanol consumption stimulated elongation of palmitic acid, and depressed the delta 5 desaturation step required for the formation of arachidonic acid. Elongation of palmitic acid was stimulated in studies where animals were fed diets with moderate amounts of fat, whereas depressed synthesis of arachidonate occurred more frequently, but not exclusively, in studies where low fat diets were employed. These results indicate that there is a significant interaction between diet and ethanol in eliciting changes in hepatic mitochondrial phospholipids. The significant decrease in the linoleic acid content of cardiolipin and the more prominent ethanol-associated alterations in mitochondrial phospholipids suggest that ethanol consumption depresses the phospholipid reacylation activities associated with the mitochondrion. The above observations indicate, therefore, that the alterations occurring in mitochondrial phospholipids are influenced by ethanol-related changes in mitochondrial enzymes involved in phospholipid metabolism. In addition, alterations in the availability of fatty acids due to ethanol-related changes in microsomal elongation and desaturation activities also appear to affect the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals. PMID- 3474927 TI - Effects of ethanol on rat placental and fetal hepatocyte transport of amino acids. PMID- 3474928 TI - Effects of ethanol on protein synthesis. PMID- 3474929 TI - Subcellular localization of acetaldehyde oxidation in liver. PMID- 3474930 TI - The interaction of acetaldehyde with tubulin. AB - Acetaldehyde covalently binds to purified tubulin in vitro to form both stable and unstable adducts. The formation of stable adducts can be greatly facilitated by the inclusion of the relatively gentle and Schiff base specific reducing agent, sodium cyanoborohydride. Although the tubulin molecule has multiple lysine resides available to react with acetaldehyde, certain key lysine residues on the alpha-chain appear to be selective targets for adduct formation. The formation of alpha-chain specific stable acetaldehyde-tubulin adducts results in functional impairment of the ability of tubulin to polymerize. Under relatively physiologic conditions where acetaldehyde-to-protein ratios are low, alpha-chain specific binding is prominent. These results, coupled with the studies presented in another report in this volume, raise the possibility that low levels of adduct formation may be detrimental to the structure or function of certain proteins (e.g. tubulin) in the liver. The alteration of this or other biologically important proteins by sustained low levels of adduct formation may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 3474931 TI - Effects of ethanol on endocrine cells: testicular effects. PMID- 3474932 TI - Electrophysiology of ethanol on central neurons. AB - With respect to the theme of this volume, the results of our recent studies on three neuronal model systems point to several relevant conclusions: ethanol may interact electrophysiologically with certain anesthetics such as urethane; ethanol can selectively enhance responses to certain neurotransmitters; resting membrane properties of individual neurons show a wide range of sensitivities to ethanol and are generally fairly insensitive; the synapse--independent of specific transmitters--seems most sensitive to ethanol. As regards the first point, it has long been known that ethanol and anesthetics have features in common, including the ability to alter the lipid components of biological membranes (see R. A. Harris et al., L. L. M. van Deenen et al., M. J. Hudspith et al., E. Rubin et al., and C. C. Cunningham & P. I. Spach in this volume), so interactions between the two are not unexpected. However, our electrophysiological findings suggest great caution and appropriate controls be used in in-vivo studies of anesthetized animals, as the interactions derived may actually reverse the usual effect of ethanol. The enhancement of responses to ACh and SS (second point) might be assumed to arise postsynaptically in the target cells recorded and are seen with low, intoxicating doses of ethanol. Whether this potentiation involves enhancement of specific agonist binding to the receptor or facilitation of the function of the ionic channel linked to the receptor remains to be determined. It is not hard to imagine that ethanol could perturb membrane properties near receptors, to alter their conformation and ligand binding, or perhaps even uncover hidden receptors. The relative insensitivity of the resting membrane properties (third point) may suggest that membrane channels responsible for these functions (e.g., 'leak' channels for Na+ and K+ ions) do not usually interact with the lipid components affected by ethanol, at least at low, 'intoxicating' ethanol concentrations. Finally, the reduction of synaptic potentials by ethanol may indicate a presynaptic locus of action, as the response to the transmitter for at least one of these synaptic potentials (GABA) was not altered. These data would seem to indicate that synaptic release of the transmitter is reduced by ethanol, at least in the hippocampal slice. The high sensitivity of this presynaptic element for ethanol could indicate that the machinery for synaptic release, such as conductances for calcium entry (see REF. 39) or the action of second messenger systems (e.g., those leading to synapsin phosphorylation) are particularly sensitive to ethanol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3474934 TI - Lipid polymorphism. AB - The phase behavior of phospholipids may be monitored using 31P or 2H NMR techniques, which provide information concerning the motional properties of the lipid ensemble, which may then be correlated with structure. The lamellar/nonlamellar phase preferences of many lipids, either synthetic or naturally derived, may be controlled by factors such as variation in temperature, hydration, or of greater physiological relevance, pH, ionic strength, the presence of divalent cations such as calcium, or the presence of lipid soluble agents as anesthetics and alcohols. The ability of short-chain alcohols to stabilize a bilayer structure for egg PE may be rationalized in terms of the packing of lipids whose dynamic shapes are complementary, as illustrated in Figure 11. On the basis, short-chain alcohols would partition preferentially at the membrane/water interface and would thereby stabilize a lamellar structure. Larger-chain alcohols may partition deeper into the hydrophobic acyl chain region in order to minimize hydrocarbon/water contact and so may perturb the acyl chain packing, increasing the effective swept volume of the chains and so promoting hexagonal HII phase formation. PMID- 3474933 TI - The functional implications of acetaldehyde binding to cell constituents. PMID- 3474935 TI - Cell and tissue transplantation into the adult brain. PMID- 3474936 TI - Growth and connectivity of axotomized retinal neurons in adult rats with optic nerves substituted by PNS grafts linking the eye and the midbrain. PMID- 3474937 TI - CNS tissue culture analyses of trophic mechanisms in brain transplantation. PMID- 3474938 TI - Grafts of fetal septal cholinergic neurons to the hippocampal formation in aged or fimbria-fornix-lesioned rats. PMID- 3474939 TI - Trophic effects of transplants following damage to the cerebral cortex. PMID- 3474940 TI - Functional activity of raphe neurons transplanted to the hippocampus and caudate putamen. An immunohistochemical and neurochemical analysis in adult and aged rats. AB - Adult (3-month-old) and aged (28-month-old) rats that had been pretreated with 5,7-DHT in both lateral ventricles received grafts of cell suspensions taken from the RR or MR regions taken from the embryonic stages E12-21. These cell suspensions were implanted unilaterally into the rostral part of the hippocampus or the caudate-putamen for immunohistochemical and neurochemical studies. MR and RR cell suspensions have the potency to regenerate serotonergic fibers in the previously denervated adult and aged hippocampus and caudate-putamen. The RR cell suspension, however, also showed outgrowth of other transmitter-specific neuronal systems, specifically noradrenaline and substance P. To evaluate the functional activity of the serotonergic reinnervation, we have combined immunohistochemistry and neurotransmitter release studies on adjacent hippocampus slices of adult rats. Results showed that after a survival time of 10 weeks, the serotonergic innervation of the hippocampus was greatly restored and, moreover, that the K+ induced Ca2+-dependent release of 5-HT amounted to about 80% of normal values. There appeared to be a striking similarity between the immunohistochemical and neurochemical data regarding the increase in the number of newly formed serotonergic fibers, the increase of the release of radiolabeled 5-HT, and the extent of the outgrowth in the hippocampus. PMID- 3474941 TI - Astrocyte transplantation induces callosal regeneration in postnatal acallosal mice. PMID- 3474942 TI - Identification of trophic factors and transplanted cellular environments that promote CNS axonal regeneration. AB - As indicated in this review, we have begun to elucidate cellular environments and trophic factors that promote the regeneration of adult mammalian CNS neurons. In the present paradigm, bilateral aspiration lesions of the fornix-fimbria are used to axotomize septal neurons and transect the septal cholinergic projection to the dorsal hippocampus in order to evaluate the influence of trophic factors, such as NGF, on neuronal survival and the ability of cellular transplants of PNS tissue to promote axonal regeneration in vivo. Initial results demonstrate that NGF is a potent trophic molecule that prevents retrograde degeneration of septal cholinergic neurons. Observations from transplantation studies demonstrate that viable Schwann cells obtained from PNS nerve grafts or Schwann cell-ECM cultures provide a favorable cellular milieu for CNS regeneration. These cellular transplants induce a remarkable sprouting response from septal cholinergic neurons and promote the rapid elongation of septal axons that reinnervate the denervated hippocampus. In stark contrast to the Schwann cell-laden transplants, transplants including only ECM channels synthesized by cultured Schwann cells do not promote axonal regeneration within the time periods that we have examined. Therefore, we hypothesize that viable Schwann cells are crucial for the process of regeneration because they contribute both trophic and tropic factors to the injured CNS neurons. The significant early sprouting phenomenon associated with transplants containing Schwann cells strongly suggests that soluble Schwann cell synthesized factors induce axon elongation and possibly enhance the survival of injured septal neurons. The trophic factors probably function in a manner similar, if not identical, to the action of NGF on axotomized septal neurons. Moreover, Schwann cells appear to provide tropic signals, such as LAM or a LAM NGF complex, that can act, when in the proper stereoconfiguration, to promote the elongation and orientation of regenerating axons. Thus, our current data indicate that in order to promote optimal axonal regeneration from injured CNS neurons, both trophic and tropic factors must be supplied from exogenous sources. PMID- 3474943 TI - Transplantation of retina and visual cortex to rat brains of different ages. Maturation, connection patterns, and immunological consequences. PMID- 3474944 TI - Transplantation of mouse astrocyte precursor cells cultured in vitro into neonatal cerebellum. PMID- 3474945 TI - Cerebellar transplantations in adult mice with heredo-degenerative ataxia. PMID- 3474946 TI - Synaptogenesis of grafted cholinergic neurons. PMID- 3474947 TI - Morphological and functional correlates of chromaffin cell transplants in CNS pain modulatory regions. PMID- 3474948 TI - Application of tissue culture and cell-marking techniques to the study of neural transplants. PMID- 3474949 TI - Neural tissue transplantation. Comments on its role in general neuroscience and its potential as a therapeutic approach. PMID- 3474950 TI - A serotonin-hippocampal model indicates adult neurons survive transplantation and aged target may be deficient in a soluble serotonergic growth factor. PMID- 3474951 TI - Denervation-induced enhancement of graft survival and growth. A trophic hypothesis. PMID- 3474952 TI - Norepinephrine deficiency and behavioral senescence in aged rats. Transplanted locus ceruleus neurons as an experimental replacement therapy. PMID- 3474953 TI - Anatomical and behavioral consequences of cholinergic-rich grafts to the neocortex of rats with lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. PMID- 3474954 TI - Transplantation of nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic neurons into the cholinergic-depleted cerebral cortex. Morphological and behavioral effects. PMID- 3474955 TI - Intracerebral grafting of dopamine neurons. Experimental basis for clinical trials in patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3474957 TI - Are neuronotrophic neuron-astrocyte interactions regionally specified? PMID- 3474956 TI - Behavioral effects of intraaccumbens transplants in rats with lesions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. PMID- 3474958 TI - Neural transplantation in normal and traumatized spinal cord. PMID- 3474959 TI - Striatal neural transplants in the ibotenic acid-lesioned rat neostriatum. Cellular and functional aspects. PMID- 3474960 TI - Embryonic substantia nigra grafts. Factors controlling behavioral efficacy and reinnervation of the host striatum. PMID- 3474961 TI - An in vivo and in vitro assessment of differentiated neuroblastoma cells as a source of donor tissue for transplantation. PMID- 3474962 TI - Toward a transplantation therapy in Parkinson's disease. A progress report from continuing clinical experiments. PMID- 3474963 TI - Vascular and glial alterations after autonomic tissue grants into the brain. PMID- 3474964 TI - Neuroimmune interactions: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Neuroimmunomodulation. PMID- 3474965 TI - Enhancement of host resistance to viral and tumor challenge by treatment with methionine-enkephalin. AB - Host resistance to disease is dependent upon a number of factors. Recent evidence indicates that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in resistance to both neoplastic and virally induced disease. Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with methionine-enkephalin (1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg body weight) results in significant increases in NK activity of splenic lymphocytes 20 hours after injection of the enkephalin. Enkephalin treatment also enhances host resistance. The short-term survival of A/J female mice after HSV-2 infection was significantly increased by daily subcutaneous injections (3 mg/kg body weight) of methionine-enkephalin. Similarly, daily doses of 50 micrograms of methionine-enkephalin for 7 to 14 days inhibit the local subcutaneous tumor growth of B15 melanoma in C57Bl/6 mice. PMID- 3474966 TI - Concentration-dependent effect of met-enkephalin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Met-enkephalin in 10(-9)-10(-7)M concentrations exerts an ADCC-stimulating effect on human PMNLs through naloxone-sensitive opiate receptors, elevating the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and cGMP levels. In higher, 10(-6)-10(-5)M concentrations ME has a cAMP-elevating effect and a rapid 45Ca2+ influx was observed. This latter effect of ME, which is also associated with the suppression of ADCC activity, was abolished by the enkephalinase inhibitor, puromycin. A strong relationship is suggested between the suppressing effect of metenkephalin, enkaphalinase and the protein kinase C system. PMID- 3474967 TI - The role of brain peptides in neuroimmunomodulation. AB - Since neuroimmunomodulation is brought about in part, at least, by secretion of pituitary hormones involved in stress and immune responses, we review briefly the hypothalamic control of the release of ACTH, growth hormone, and prolactin. The release of ACTH is controlled particularly by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), but vasopressin has intrinsic releasing activity and potentiates the action of CRF at both hypothalamic and pituitary levels. Oxytocin may even potentiate the action of CRF, but has little, if any, ACTH-releasing activity by itself. In addition, epinephrine may augment responses to the CRFs. In contrast, growth hormone is under dual control by growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and somatostatin, and prolactin is under multifactorial control by a series of inhibitors and stimulators. Dopamine is accepted as a physiological prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), but probably GABA and possibly acetylcholine as well are PIFs. There is good evidence for a peptide PIF as well. There are a number of prolactin-releasing factors (PRFs) which include oxytocin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, PHI and TRH. Several other peptides can also release prolactin, including angiotensin II. In response to stress there is a complex interaction of peptides intrahypothalamically. CRF augments its own release by an ultra short loop positive feedback, and there is negative ultra short-loop feedback of GRF and somatostatin. Vasopressin appears to augment CRF release as well as to act directly on the pituitary, and there are complex interactions of various peptides to influence prolactin and GH release. PMID- 3474968 TI - Neuropeptide modulation of leukocyte function. PMID- 3474969 TI - Leukocyte production of endorphins. PMID- 3474970 TI - Biology and chemistry of thymosin peptides. Modulators of immunity and neuroendocrine circuits. PMID- 3474971 TI - Myelopeptides. Mediators of interaction between the immune system and the nervous system. PMID- 3474972 TI - Role of the binding of neuropeptides to blood plasma proteins in the control of their blood-brain barrier passage. PMID- 3474973 TI - Electrophysiological analysis of brain reactions to antigen. PMID- 3474974 TI - Nerve-related 3S acetylcholinesterase in murine thymus. AB - One form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 3S, has been identified in the thymus of normal mice as the predominant species. Histochemical studies show that the AChE is localized to nerves or to nerve-related tissues. The form isolated is composed of a salt and a detergent-sensitive fraction. Since the sedimentation values and the kinetics of the two fractions are identical, it is proposed that only one gene encodes for this globular 3S species of AChE. PMID- 3474975 TI - A neurophysiological correlate of an immune response. AB - In order to examine possible neurophysiological changes during an immune response, we have recorded neural activity in a conscious animal bearing chronic recording electrodes in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Male rats were sensitized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected intraperitoneally. Basal PO/AH multiunit activity (MUA) was recorded as 14.7 +/- 2.1 Hz prior to sensitization and was seen to increase significantly to a maximum of 33.1 +/- 6.0 Hz (p less than 0.005) five days after SRBC injection. This increase correlated with the initial appearance of anti-SRBC serum antibodies at a mean antibody titer of 1:32. Also recorded were decreases in PO/AH MUA on days 3 and 8 after the sensitization (8.2 +/- 2.4 Hz, p less than 0.005); 7.1 +/- 3.3 Hz, p less than 0.005, respectively). Basal PVN MUA was recorded as 14.7 +/- 2.4 Hz. It decreased significantly for the first three days after immunization, and then returned to a basal rate before increasing to 25.9 +/- 8.4 Hz (p less than 0.005) on day 6. On the ninth and tenth days after SRBC injection PO/AH and PVN MUA levels returned to those recorded before immunization. PMID- 3474976 TI - Effects of hypothalamic lesions on lymphocyte subsets in mice. AB - This study investigated the time course of the dynamics of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of mice, after bilateral lesions were made at anterior, middle and posterior sites in the hypothalamus of the mice, using a stereotaxic technique. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies specific to cell surface markers and a laser flow cytometry system. The results indicate that the anterior and posterior parts of the hypothalamus seem to play a role in immunomodulation of both helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. The middle part of the hypothalamus is considered to be the site of a control mechanism in the immune regulation of T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 3474977 TI - Modulation of systemic antibody response and tolerance by brain injury. PMID- 3474978 TI - Modulation of circadian rhythms in antibody and cell-mediated immunity by chemical sympathectomy. PMID- 3474979 TI - The involvement of some brain structures in the effect of immunomodulators. PMID- 3474980 TI - Complement-dependence of immune complex activity in the rat hypothalamus. PMID- 3474981 TI - Prosopis juliflora pollen allergen-induced changes in the hypothalamic electroencephalographic and acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat. PMID- 3474982 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges induced by behavioral stress. AB - Rats subjected to swim stress showed a doubling of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) level. In a second experiment, the generality of SCE induction by behavioral stressors was tested by exposing rats to either swim, white noise, or either continuous or intermittent inescapable footshock stress. The induction of SCEs, although to differing degrees, by qualitatively different stressors, demonstrates that this is a general phenomenon of stress. There may be a cellular genetic basis for some of the effects of stress. PMID- 3474984 TI - The impact of mild emotional stress induced by the passive avoidance procedure on immune reactivity. PMID- 3474983 TI - Effect of diazepam on brain neurotransmitters, plasma corticosterone, and the immune system of stressed rats. AB - Rats were treated with injections of diazepam (1 or 10 mg/kg) and stressed by restraint lasting 3 hours. This was performed once or, in animals immunized with sheep erythrocytes, repeatedly for 4 consecutive days. After repeated stress and/or diazepam treatment, the levels of brain noradrenalin decreased in all treated groups. Although both treatments (stress and diazepam) diminished the 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) ratio, treatment with either dose of diazepam prevented the stress-induced fall of this ratio. The activity of hypothalamic glutamate decarboxylase, the enzyme taking part in GABA synthesis, was affected neither by the acute nor by repeated stress and/or diazepam treatment. The levels of plasma corticosterone were enhanced in all stressed rats, with and without drug. This finding was in accordance with the enhanced weights of adrenal glands in repeatedly stressed rats. The tendency to a corticosterone rise after repeated treatment with diazepam, 10 mg/kg, coincided with the enhanced weights of adrenal glands in these animals. The plaque-forming cell (PFC) response was reduced in all stressed animals and in animals treated with diazepam, 10 mg/kg. Accordingly, high doses of diazepam given repeatedly to rats are immunosuppressive, achieving this effect presumably by an enhancement of glucocorticoid secretion. Neither the low nor the high doses of diazepam affect the stress-induced enhancement of hypothalamohypophysial-adrenal axis activity and consecutive immunosuppression. PMID- 3474985 TI - Stress-behavior interactions in hamster tumor growth. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mechanical stressor and individual behavior differences (separately and in combination) on tumor development in the female Syrian hamster. Studies by other investigators have documented the tumor-enhancing effects of such mechanical stressors as rotational stress. Previous studies by our group found that both size of tumor and time to tumor detection were significantly related to a dimension we call "activation." Eighty 100-day old female Syrian hamsters were placed in circular plexiglas environments in groups of 10. Nineteen days after introduction to the cages, a stress condition was imposed on half the animals (four cages). This consisted of shaking each cage of animals three times a week for three 10-minute intervals. Each group's behavior was videotaped in multiple samples to document pre- and poststress behaviors. Twelve days after the stress condition was initiated, each animal was injected subcutaneously midback with one melanoma tumor fraction. Animals were palpated every three days to determine time to detection of tumor. The videotaped behavior samples were coded for behaviors associated with "activation," inactivity, and interaction. Factor analysis resulted in basically the same first factor of activation found in our previous studies. Hamsters in the nonstressed groups had a significantly longer time to tumor development than those in the stressed groups (22.5 days vs. 12.6 days, p less than 0.005). While no prestress behaviors were associated significantly with time to tumor detection, the poststress activation factor was significantly correlated with longer time to tumor development in the stressed group (r = .61, p less than 0.0001). These results suggest that while the stress condition is more powerful than prestress individual behaviors in affecting the outcome variable, stress appears to interact with the individual behaviors related to "activation" to mitigate the negative effects of stress on tumor growth. PMID- 3474986 TI - Conditioning phenomena and immune function. PMID- 3474987 TI - Conditioned effects of cyclophosphamide. Enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse. PMID- 3474988 TI - The thymus as a neuroendocrine organ. Synthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin in human thymic epithelium. PMID- 3474989 TI - Conditioned taste aversion in rats subjected to anaphylactic shock. PMID- 3474990 TI - Classically conditioned effects of cyclophosphamide on white blood cell counts in rats. PMID- 3474991 TI - Conditioned immunosuppression. A new methodological approach. PMID- 3474992 TI - Treatment of hormone-dependent cancer with analogues of hypothalamic hormones. Experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 3474993 TI - Type A behavior and cancer mortality. Theoretical considerations and preliminary data. AB - If stress and cancer are related by coping failure, that connection presumably involves the immune system. This involvement has already been shown in animals. It can be hypothesized that Type A personalities (driving, impatient, sometimes hostile) go through states of repeated frustration because of unachieved goals. From that point of view, Type A individuals are alternately able to cope and unable to cope. Such a pattern would theoretically tend toward repeated episodes of suppression and recovery of the immune system, with increased probability of growth of transformed cells. An opposing hypothesis, derived from human survival studies, suggests that a subgroup of Type B individuals (termed "Type C"- accepting, giving-up) are more likely to suffer a poor prognosis. A preliminary study relating Type A/B behavior pattern to cancer mortality was done in a cohort of 3154 men from the Western Collaborative Group Study (WCGS). The cancer mortality rate for the period 1960-1977 was 0.037 for Type A subjects (58 cancer deaths/1589 Type A subjects), and 0.025 for Type B subjects, yielding an odds ratio of 1.55. The odds ratio dropped to 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 0.84 1.96) when controlled for age, cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and education. Preliminary analysis from a follow-up to mid-1983 shows a similar association. The findings suggest that, if anything, Type A subjects are more likely to die of cancer than Type B subjects. Although the finding is not strongly suggestive of a clinically or theoretically significant association between Type A/B behavior pattern and cancer mortality, it is sufficiently interesting to warrant further investigation. PMID- 3474994 TI - Psychoneuroimmunologic approaches to research on AIDS. PMID- 3474995 TI - Influence of conditioned natural immunity on tumor growth. AB - We studied the effect of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning of the natural killer cell response on survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mice were given repeated injections of poly I:C every three days paired with exposure to the odor of camphor for 4 hours. First, we investigated the possible therapeutic effect of repeated exposure to the odor of camphor on the growth of MOPC 104E murine myeloma. The results indicate that camphor alone had no therapeutic effect when the mice were exposed to the odor of camphor after tumor transplantation. We then investigated the effect of repeated exposure to camphor prior to tumor transplantation and subsequent repeated exposure to camphor following tumor transplantation. Again, we observed no therapeutic benefit. In a third experiment, we examined the effect of the conditioned poly I:C response on the growth of the murine myeloma. Animals in the conditioned group had an increase in median survival (day 43, as compared to days 34, 38, 37 of various control groups). Two of these conditioned mice lived more than 120 days and showed early tumor growth, but were free of disease at day 97. During the course of the study conditioned mice received no additional treatment other than being reexposed to camphor every third day. PMID- 3474996 TI - An intensive psychoimmunologic study of long-surviving persons with AIDS. Pilot work, background studies, hypotheses, and methods. PMID- 3474997 TI - The pineal gland and the circadian, opiatergic, immunoregulatory role of melatonin. PMID- 3474998 TI - Clinical and laboratory evidence of autoimmunity in acute schizophrenia. AB - A number of assays were performed to assess immunologic function in 28 patients with clinically well-defined schizophrenia. Our data provide laboratory evidence that patients with schizophrenia have characteristics consistent with an autoimmune process, directed to components of the brain, which may participate in either the pathogenesis or etiology of schizophrenia. One-third of our patients had a clinically evident autoimmune syndrome unrelated to their psychiatric illness. Of the nine patients with an autoimmune disease, two had one autoantibody in their serum and five had more than one autoantibodies. Twelve of eighteen patients without clinical evidence of autoimmune disease had no detectable autoantibodies. Mitogenic responses to PHA and PWM were significantly reduced in the patient population when compared to controls. Fifty percent of the patients had an increased percentage (greater than 5%) of blood-borne HLA-DR (+) OKT4 (+) T-helper lymphocytes. Immune reactivity toward brain antigens was sought by measuring lymphocyte transformation to a saline extract of frontal lobe, and by immunoblotting of antigens extracted from frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, interventricular septum, and hippocampus. Lymphocyte transformation did not reveal differences between patient and control groups. Normal sera were found to contain antibody to some of these brain antigens. However, patients with schizophrenia had antibody to antigens of the hippocampus, septal region and cingulate gyrus which were not encountered during analysis of normal sera. PMID- 3474999 TI - Functional difference between cortical and medullar thymic epithelial cells in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3475000 TI - Failure of hypnotic suggestion to alter immune response to delayed-type hypersensitivity antigens. AB - The ability to alter delayed-type hypersensitivity via hypnotic suggestion was tested in 12 highly hypnotizable, untrained subjects and 30 nonhypnotized controls. Subjects were skin-tested bilaterally with a standardized panel of delayed hypersensitivity antigens and instructed either to enhance or suppress the skin test response unilaterally. Compared with results in controls, the skin test response reflected no effect of hypnotic suggestion with regard to either the area of induration or the degree of inflammation assessed histologically. PMID- 3475001 TI - Neuroendocrine cells within immune tissues. PMID- 3475002 TI - The postulated lymphoid-adrenal axis. A molecular approach. PMID- 3475003 TI - Human obesity. PMID- 3475004 TI - Food intake and mood in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. AB - It is clear that patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia have disturbances of mood, and it is likely that the mood disturbances bear an important relationship to the disturbances of eating behavior. We have as many questions, however, about the relationship between mood and eating behavior in these syndromes as we have answers. Although patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia are frequently depressed, they fail to exhibit many of the biological characteristics of typical depressive illness, suggesting that these eating disorders are probably not simply variants of depression. Patients with bulimia appear to binge in response to dysphoric emotional states and to derive some transient relief from their bingeing. But it is unclear what facet or facets of the binge produce the alteration in emotional state, and thereby may serve to reinforce the behavior. A more detailed examination of this issue may significantly advance our understanding of the relationship between mood and food in eating disorders. PMID- 3475006 TI - Enzyme engineering. Proceedings of the Eighth International Enzyme Engineering Conference. September 22-27, 1985, Helsingor, Denmark. PMID- 3475005 TI - Computer-aided design in protein engineering. PMID- 3475007 TI - Some examples of enzymes in organic synthesis. PMID- 3475008 TI - Preparation of flavopapain and other semisynthetic enzymes. PMID- 3475009 TI - Detergentless microemulsions. A new microheterogeneous medium for enzymatic reaction. PMID- 3475010 TI - Liquid surfactant membrane emulsions. A new technique for enzyme immobilization. AB - Liquid membrane reactors are well known for metal extraction. This technology may also be applied to the immobilization of enzymes in enzyme emulsions. The use of liquid membrane reactors for enzymatic bioconversions has several advantages in comparison to solid membrane reactors and conventional immobilization techniques: there is no membrane fouling, enzyme emulsions can be used in cell-free fermentation broths, in complex mixtures the membrane can preselect the desired substrate for enzymatic reaction, and substances that might decrease the enzyme activity can be excluded. The separation effect is not based on differences in molecular weight but on the chemical behavior of the substances to be separated. Thus, it is not necessary to use cofactors with increased molecular weight for enzymatic reactions, since the coenzyme cannot permeate the liquid membrane. The three systems presented here indicate that enzyme systems can be easily immobilized in liquid surfactant membrane emulsions and there is a broad field of application for enzyme emulsions. PMID- 3475011 TI - Studies on the regeneration of seven cosubstrates for enzymic reactions. PMID- 3475012 TI - Enzymatic oxidation of steroids in organic solvent using a STR-plug flow reactor and continuous product separation. PMID- 3475013 TI - Bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds by enzyme systems. PMID- 3475014 TI - Bio-organic production of chiral ester acids, enzymatic pH control. PMID- 3475015 TI - Enzyme semisynthesis by conformational modification of proteins. PMID- 3475016 TI - Catalytic activities of bovine hemoglobin. PMID- 3475017 TI - Intelligent biosensors. PMID- 3475018 TI - Bioluminescent analysis in a biomembrane-like medium consisting of surfactant, hydrocarbon solvent, and water: ATP determination using firefly luciferase. PMID- 3475019 TI - A simple colorimetric assay to determine salicylate ingestion utilizing salicylate monooxygenase. PMID- 3475020 TI - Immobilization of the bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides with NADH-oxidase function in matrix-supported microcapsules for continuous cofactor regeneration. PMID- 3475021 TI - Adsorbents for removal of pyrogen. PMID- 3475022 TI - New acrylic polymers for surface modification of enzymes of therapeutic interest and for enzyme immobilization. PMID- 3475023 TI - In vivo behavior of glucose oxidase derivatives of prolonged plasmatic half-life. PMID- 3475024 TI - Enzyme immobilization via monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3475025 TI - Interferometric determination of the effective diffusion coefficient of albumin in single sepharose beads. PMID- 3475026 TI - The development of perfusion culture systems for anchorage-dependent animal cells. PMID- 3475027 TI - Mechanism of enzyme stabilization. PMID- 3475028 TI - Transformation of water-soluble enzymes into membrane active form by chemical modification. PMID- 3475029 TI - Stabilization of trypsin by multiple-point attachment to aldehyde-agarose gels. PMID- 3475030 TI - Penicillin acylase activity and stability in PEG solutions. PMID- 3475031 TI - Characterization and cloning of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoniger. PMID- 3475032 TI - [Keratoacanthoma. New therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 3475034 TI - Effect of food on enoxacin absorption. AB - Fifteen subjects received a single 400-mg oral dose of enoxacin in the fasting state and after carbohydrate and high-fat meals. The carbohydrate meal delayed the time to peak enoxacin concentration in plasma by an average of 0.92 h. The extent of enoxacin absorption was not altered by food. PMID- 3475033 TI - Failure of newer beta-lactam antibiotics for murine Yersinia enterocolitica infection. AB - Cefotaxime, imipenem, gentamicin, and doxycycline were active in vitro against the virulent serotype O8 Yersinia enterocolitica WA strain. Amoxycillin was inactive. The in vivo activity of these drugs was evaluated in a standardized and reproducible mouse model of systemic infection. Each single antibiotic was injected intravenously 30 h after intravenous inoculation of Y. enterocolitica WA. In vivo efficacy was measured by counting the viable bacteria recovered from the whole spleens of mice sacrificed at selected times. Doxycycline and gentamicin were active in stopping bacterial proliferation. Cefotaxime and imipenem, even at high doses (250 and 100 mg/kg of body weight, respectively), were totally ineffective, as was amoxycillin. Bacterial inocula (10(7)), recovered from either the in vitro growth or the infected spleens, were plated on cefotaxime or imipenem concentration gradients in agar; no emergence of beta lactam-resistant organisms was detected. Based on these experiments it is not possible to explain, from any given property of the antibiotic, the bacteria, or the host, the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro activities of cefotaxime and imipenem. On the basis of these results, the use of newer beta lactam antibiotics should be delayed in the therapy of human Y. enterocolitica infections until further investigations are carried out. PMID- 3475035 TI - Activity of ofloxacin and pefloxacin against Mycobacterium leprae in mice. PMID- 3475037 TI - Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on the in vitro infectivity and cytopathic activity of the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV (HTLV-III/LAV)]. AB - Glycyrrhizin (GL), one of the plant extracts, was investigated for its antiviral action on the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV (HTLV-III/LAV)] in vitro, using cytopathic effect and plaque forming assay system in MT-4 cells (a HTLV-I carrying cell line). Cloned Molt-4 cells (clone No. 8), which are sensitive to HIV and fuse to giant cells after infection, were also used as a parameter for cytopathic effect of HIV. GL completely inhibited HIV-induced plaque formation in MT-4 cells at a concentration of 0.6 mM, the 50% inhibitory dose being 0.15 mM. GL completely inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV and the HIV-specific antigen expression in MT-4 cells at a concentration of 0.3 and 0.6 mM, respectively. Furthermore, GL inhibited giant cell formation of HIV-infected Molt-4 clone No. 8 cells. GL had no direct effect on the reverse transcriptase of HIV. Its mechanism of anti-HIV action remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3475038 TI - Comparative efficacy of broad-spectrum antiviral agents as inhibitors of African swine fever virus replication in vitro. AB - Various nucleoside analogues, selected on the basis of their previously established broad-spectrum antiviral properties, were evaluated for their potency and selectivity as inhibitors of the in vitro replication of the iridovirus, African swine fever virus (ASFV). The test compounds included (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2 phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(S)-HPMPA], 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, (RS)-3-adenin-9-yl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid isobutyl ester, (S)-9-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)adenine, carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (C-c3Ado), 3'-azido-2',3' dideoxythymidine, pyrazofurin and ribavirin. As the most efficacious inhibitors of ASFV replication emerged (S)-HPMPA followed by C-c3Ado. The minimum inhibitory concentration of (S)-HPMPA for ASFV replication was 0.01 microgram/ml, and its selectivity index was 15,000. The corresponding values for C-c3Ado were 0.025 micrograms/ml and 8000, respectively. It would seem justified to further pursue these compounds for their anti ASFV activity in vivo. PMID- 3475036 TI - Penetration of enoxacin into bronchial secretions. AB - Enoxacin is a potent quinolone derivative with marked activity against gram negative bacteria and staphylococci. The oral preparation has a potential role in treatment of gram-negative-bacterial lower respiratory infections if found to give adequate bronchial (sputum) concentrations. A study was done to determine the concomitant serum and bronchial concentrations of oral enoxacin after dosing with 600 mg, single dose; 400 mg, single dose; and 400 mg every 12 h, four doses. Blood and bronchial secretions were collected from 20 patients predose and 2, 5, and 9 h postdose. Bronchial secretions were obtained from tracheostomies, endotracheal tubes, or bronchoscopy. Levels of enoxacin in serum and sputum were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Mean peak bronchial secretion levels were similar for the 400-mg dose schedules (2.2 and 2.4 micrograms/ml) but were significantly higher with the 600-mg dose (4.0 micrograms/ml) (P less than 0.05). Significant concentrations in bronchial secretions were still achievable at 9 h postdose (1.3 to 2.3 micrograms of enoxacin per ml). The mean ratios of enoxacin concentrations in sputum to those in serum at various time intervals for all groups were as follows: at 2 h, 0.55 +/- 0.34; at 5 h, 1.04 +/- 0.72; at 9 h, 0.97 +/- 0.62. Considering that most gram-negative bacteria are inhibited by 1.0 microgram of enoxacin per ml in vitro, this study shows that oral enoxacin in practical doses achieves a concentration in bronchial secretions that is adequate to treat most gram-negative-bacterial lower respiratory infections. PMID- 3475039 TI - [Role of growth factors in the autonomous growth of tumor cells]. AB - Typical characteristic of tumor cells is a decreased dependence on the growth factors for promotion of their growth. Growth factor independence and autonomous growth of tumor cells has been thought to be due to the ability of the cells to produce growth factors. According to an autocrine hypothesis, growth factor can be secreted by tumor cells and then binds to its receptor on the same cells to create an uncontrolled growth stimulation. Although there has been much circumstantial evidence to support this hypothesis, an autocrine mechanism is still uncertain. We purified DSF (DNA synthesis factor) from an extract of rat Rhodamine fibrosarcoma. This factor with strong affinity for heparin-Sepharose was a basic protein with molecular weight of 17,000. These properties were similar to those of basic FGF (fibroblast growth factor). We found that primary cells from the sarcoma could grow in serum-free medium supplemented with the extract of the same sarcoma tissue. The extract was fractionated to purify proteins which supported the growth of primary cells. DSF, transferrin and albumin which localized in the tissue, not due to contamination of blood, were purified. When they were added to the serum-free medium, the cells grew at a similar rate to that in medium supplemented with serum. This finding suggests that the growth of sarcoma cells is stimulated by their own growth factor and by some environmental factors. PMID- 3475040 TI - [Factors controlling the differentiation and cancerization of murine erythroleukemia cells]. AB - Cultured murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells can be induced to differentiate into erythrocytes. During this induced differentiation, a certain type of sequentially programmed gene expression and repression appears to occur in addition to the induction of globin mRNA. This system provides a commitment model for erythrodifferentiation and decancerization. By transfection of a beta-globin/TK chimeric gene into a B8/3 cell line, we examined the regulatory factors controlling beta-globin gene expression. Our results suggested that the timing of the appearance of inducible, positive trans-acting factor (s) and activation of chromatin conformation occur during induction. We demonstrated that a novel MEL cell line, TSA 8, could be induced to be committed to CFU-E, an erythropoietin mediated progenitor cell, with the addition of DMSO. In the commitment process, we observed an asymmetric cell division, which could explain the self-renewal and the commitment of multipotential hemopoietic stem cells. For this commitment, the receptor for erythropoietin is required, but is insufficient and the other factor (s) are induced in the earlier phase of induction. Finally, we found that erythropoietin induced two signals for proliferation and differentiation of the progenitor cells and that these two signals are not coupled. PMID- 3475041 TI - [A study of the effect of anti-tumor agents combined with caffeine on established lines of human osteosarcoma cells and primary cultured human sarcoma cells by clonogenic assay]. AB - A study on the effect of anti-tumor agents combined with caffeine on sarcoma cells was carried out by clonogenic assay. The materials used were an established line of human osteosarcoma cells (OST strain) and twelve surgically resected or biopsied specimens. Caffeine showed a marked synergistic effect on sarcoma cells with the DNA-damaging agents, ADR, CDDP, CPM and MMC in terms of colony inhibition. In particular, 0.2 micrograms/ml CDDP with 2 mM caffeine showed a considerable synergistic effect on human sarcoma cells. Among the 12 cases, more than 50% colony inhibition was observed in 7 cases which were treated with this combination of CDDP with caffeine. Furthermore, a combination of 0.02 micrograms/ml CDDP (1/100 of peak plasma concentration) with 2 mM caffeine also showed more than 50% colony inhibition. Therefore, we assumed that caffeine was able to reduce the necessary dose of anti-tumor agent in some way. We stress that caffeine seems to be a very useful synergistic drug for causing lethality in sarcoma cells in combination with various DNA-damaging agents which are not effective on sarcoma cells. PMID- 3475042 TI - [Estimates of circulating breast cancer-associated antigen CA 15-3 as a monitoring marker in patients with breast cancer]. AB - CA 15-3 is a newly developed tumor marker detected by breast tumor-associated antigen 115D8/DF3 and is being studied as a monitoring marker in breast cancer patients (pts), even though its sensitivity as a screening marker is not so high. The cut off value of CA 15-3 was set at 27 U/ml. We assayed the plasma CA 15-3 levels of breast cancer pts from June 1985 for the purpose of estimating it as a monitoring marker in comparison with CEA. In the monitoring of over 2,000 postoperative pts, 23 were discovered to have metastatic lesions. For prediction of recurrence, CA 15-3 was useful for 11 pts (48%), while CEA was useful for 8 pts (35%), and CA 15-3 or CEA were useful for 14 pts (61%). Although it was little useful for local recurrence, CA 15-3 was highly useful for the prediction of organ & bone recurrence in 7/11 pts (64%). With regard to monitoring of the clinical course of metastatic carcinoma of the breast, the levels of CA 15-3 were positive in 47/68 pts (69%), while in contrast CEA was positive in 42/68 pts (62%). The trend of CA 15-3 was also highly correlated with the clinical course. CA 15-3 thus appears to be a better marker, especially as a monitoring marker, than CEA for breast cancer. Additional research will be required on this marker, but it seems likely that CA 15-3 combined with CEA would provide better information for the monitoring of breast cancer patients. PMID- 3475043 TI - Acral lividosis--a sign of myeloproliferative diseases. Hyperleukocytosis syndrome in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Acral ischemia with lividity is a well-described dermatologic sign in the myeloproliferative diseases polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. It has not previously been reported as a sign of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We suggest the term acral lividosis to describe this clinical entity in patients with any myeloproliferative disease. We propose that the pathophysiology of acral lividosis in CML involves occlusion of small blood vessels of the skin by large, nondeformable myeloblasts, a process that has been shown histologically to occur in other organs in patients with CML. This process, called leukostasis, occurs in patients with CML who have over 50.0 X 10(9)/L (50,000/mm3) circulating myeloblasts. Patients manifest cardiorespiratory and central nervous system compromise, a clinical constellation known as the hyperleukocytosis syndrome. Acral lividosis occurred in a patient with CML in whom nearly every organ demonstrated leukostasis on autopsy. PMID- 3475044 TI - Hormonal parameters in follicular fluid and the fertilization rate of in vitro cultured oocytes. AB - Oocytes and matched samples of follicular fluid were obtained from 52 preovulatory follicles aspirated laparoscopically for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), prolactin (HPRL), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin E (PGE), protein content, and collagenolytic activity were measured and related to the fertilization rate of oocytes cultured in vitro. High concentrations of P and low levels of T and HPRL were associated with mature, fertilizable oocytes. Levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE, and follicular fluid protein concentrations were similar in both groups. Mean collagenolytic activity was increased in the fertilized oocytes, although no significant difference could be observed. Our data demonstrate a close association between follicular fluid steroid and HPRL concentrations and successful fertilization of oocytes. PMID- 3475045 TI - The prospective of the biotechnology industry on changing technology in pathology. AB - Recent rapid developments in biotechnology are causing both an evolution and a revolution in science, medicine, and society. A number of potentially useful therapeutic products, diagnostics, blood products, and vaccines have been and will be developed that will represent great advances to the practicing physician and laboratory diagnostician. A large new industry is resulting and with this new science, new social and ethical issues are being raised, such as in regard to gene therapy, and will be debated for some years to come. As knowledge of the human genome increases, and further insights into the structure of receptors and the cell are obtained, even more useful products and technologies will emerge and change our lives over the next 20 years. PMID- 3475046 TI - Carbohydrate deposits on the surfaces of worn extended-wear soft contact lenses. AB - Three different commercial extended-wear soft contact lenses worn continuously by patients for at least 28 days were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled lectins. These lectins detected the presence of alpha-linked or beta linked D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-fucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N acetyl-D-galactosamine, and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid) on the surfaces of the contact lenses. These saccharides are bound to other sugars that likely account for an integral part of glycoprotein and/or glycolipid deposits on lens surfaces. These tear deposits may contribute to the chemical spoilage of the lens and, furthermore, may serve as specific receptors for pathogenic microorganisms commonly implicated in extended-wear soft contact lens-associated infectious keratitis. PMID- 3475047 TI - Australian Geriatrics Society: annual scientific meeting. Tasmania, 5 May 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3475048 TI - Gastroenterological Society of Australia: scientific meeting. Surfers Paradise, 26-27 September 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3475049 TI - The Australian Society for Medical Research: twenty-fifth anniversary meeting. Sydney, 14-17 December 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3475050 TI - Three-dimensional imaging in craniofacial disorders: a brief review. PMID- 3475051 TI - A case of Tessier type II clefting illustrating surgical principles. PMID- 3475052 TI - Morphological changes caused by exposure of rabbit oesophageal mucosa to hydrochloric acid and sodium taurocholate. AB - The present authors have studied the light and electron microscopic changes in rabbit oesophageal mucosa which has been exposed to solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium taurocholate (ST). In an in vivo model the oesophagus was perfused with saline, acid (0.1-40 mmol/l of H+) or taurocholate (0.1-1.0 mmol/l at pH 2.0 or 1.0 mmol/l at neutral pH). At the end of each perfusion experiment the oesophagus was removed and assessed by the naked eye, light and electron microscopy. Some desquamation of superficial stratum corneum cells occurred in all specimens perfused for 5 h. Injury was more evident to the stratum spinosum and basal cell layers. Damage was more severe in the bile salt plus acid perfused specimens, varying between margination of nuclear chromatin in the basal cells to complete necrosis and separation of the overlying layers. Taurocholate in neutral solution did not damage the oesophageal epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed that damage to cells in the basal layers and stratum granulosum occurred within 30 min of exposure to acidified taurocholate, this damage increasing with time. It is concluded that taurocholate is able to damage oesophageal mucosa, that the damage first occurs in the deeper layers of the oesophageal mucosa and that the damage may occur in the absence of gross or light microscopic changes in the mucosa. PMID- 3475053 TI - Free composite reconstruction of a complex craniofacial defect. AB - A case report is presented illustrating the use of a recently developed composite free flap from the chest wall to reconstruct a complex defect involving the scalp, cranial vault and orbit following the excision of a malignant tumour. PMID- 3475054 TI - Meningioma occurring twenty-three years after a successfully treated cerebellar medulloblastoma: case report. AB - A 6 year old boy had a mid-line cerebellar medulloblastoma treated by local resection followed by craniospinal irradiation. Twenty-three years later he underwent temporal craniotomy to remove a cystic temporal meningioma. It is suggested that this is a radiation induced neoplasm. PMID- 3475055 TI - Use of hydrogen peroxide to identify internal opening of anal fistula and perianal abscess. PMID- 3475056 TI - Midfacial osteotomies in patients with cleft lip, alveolus and palate. AB - Surgical/orthodontic strategies in patients with hypoplastic midfaces and cleft of lip, alveolus and palates after completion of skeletal growth are guided by cephalometric data, with the soft-tissue profile playing the most important role. The Le Fort I, the extended Le Fort I and, less frequently, the Le Fort II procedure depend on the extent of midfacial hypoplasia. Osteotomy planning should consider that in cleft patient's maxilla, the anterior nasal spine and A-point need to be advanced and caudally rotated to a larger extent than is necessary in non-cleft patients. A slight overcorrection of ANB-angle is necessary to achieve a harmonious and attractive soft-tissue profile since upper lip and nasal soft tissue require more bony support. In severe bimaxillary disturbances the midfacial advancement has to be combined with mandibular osteotomies. Stabilization after midfacial osteotomies should be done by corrosion-resistant Vitallium or titanium miniplates. This technique provides sufficient stability to restore early function immediately after surgery. Intermaxillary fixation following surgery is no longer necessary. Several decisive advantages are provided by this technique over the previously applied wire suspension concepts or wire suturing techniques. The most advantageous points are: No intermaxillary fixation is required immediately postoperatively; Normal soft food intake is resumed after 8-10 days when wound healing is completed; Rigid plate fixation leads to a considerable improvement in bone healing, while 'pumping-effects' induced by micromovements from the masticatory muscles are avoided; Plate fixation allows immediate functional 'antirelapse-treatment' against relapse tendencies, using functional treatment by means of soft intermaxillary elastics. PMID- 3475057 TI - Presenting statistics. PMID- 3475058 TI - Treatment of advanced and inaccessible sarcomas with continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy prior to definitive surgery or radiotherapy--a possible alternative to amputation or disabling radical surgery. AB - Four patients with advanced and inaccessible soft tissue sarcomas were treated with a regimen of intra-arterial chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and/or surgical excision. Two of the patients had advanced sarcomas in the buttock and thigh regions which would otherwise have required hindquarter amputation in one case or disarticulation of the hip in the other case. These sarcomas responded significantly to intra-arterial chemotherapy to the extent that subsequent local surgery was effective in eradicating the residual tumours. No viable tumour cells were found in the resected specimens. In both patients amputation was avoided and local tumour eradication was achieved. In the other two patients, advanced and non-resectable sarcomas in the head were first treated with a similar regimen of intra-arterial chemotherapy. In both cases the tumours regressed in size prior to administration of local radiotherapy. After completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy no viable tumour cells were detected in either lesion. In one case (originally a very extensive sarcoma of the jaw in a 5 year old child) a residual lump was resected but no viable tumour was detected in the resected specimen. These four patients represent our total experience with this plan of management. All responded well and there has been no evidence of local disease recurrence in any of the four patients. One patient (Case 2) did develop pulmonary and bone metastases from which she died 2 years later but the other three patients remain well with no evidence of residual disease, 11 years, 4 years and 20 months after presentation. PMID- 3475059 TI - Pre-operative isotope liver scanning in clinicopathological staging of patients with large bowel cancer. AB - Isotope liver scanning is an accurate technique for detecting liver metastases from large bowel cancer. In this retrospective study of patients who had a resection for bowel cancer, the accuracy of liver scanning was 95%. However, the scan accuracy as defined by median survival time was insufficient to detect liver metastases missed by the surgeon at operation and did not alter the clinicopathological stage of the patient's disease. PMID- 3475061 TI - Strapping of curly toes in children. AB - This is a retrospective review of 49 children with curly toes treated by strapping; 24 children (44 toes) presented for review. The strapping produced improvement in 68% of toes while strapping was maintained, but there was a statistically significant loss of correction once strapping was stopped. There was some sustained improvement in the shape of the toes compared with the natural history, but not sufficient to warrant its use for this minor congenital deformity. Treatment should be reserved for the more severely deformed toe, as this may cause symptoms in later life, and the author recommends open flexor tenotomy. PMID- 3475060 TI - Isoelastic uncemented hip arthroplasty--early experience. AB - With the increasing failure rae with time of cemented total hip arthroplasty there is a growing interest in uncemented total joint replacement. This review of 88 Isoelastic total hip arthroplasties, and 28 Isoelastic hemiarthroplasties suggests that this implant gives results comparable with cemented total hip arthroplasty at a similar time. The Isoelastic hip replacement system uses uncemented components that have been designed to closely approximate the biomechanical properties of the bone into which they are implanted. The surgical technique is demanding, and orthopaedic surgeons who anticipate using uncemented implants should receive thorough training before embarking on an implantation. PMID- 3475062 TI - An improved urethral catheter introducer. AB - A safer and more successful urethral catheter introducer, featuring an improved locking handle, a slightly expanded head and a constant firm urethral shape is described. PMID- 3475063 TI - The tide is stemmed. A method of catheter traction for the control of venous haemorrhage following transurethral resection of prostate. AB - Local pressure for the control of venous haemorrhage during the performance of surgery is the primary method of control of bleeding when ligation is technically impossible. A method of catheter traction for the control of profuse bladder neck venous haemorrhage is described. PMID- 3475064 TI - Rupture of renal angiomyolipoma. AB - Spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma is a rare, but life threatening condition. A case is reported which illustrates the role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and management of this condition. Rupture of these benign lesions should be managed initially with blood transfusion and angiographic embolization if haemorrhage continues. In cases where surgery is necessary, a kidney-sparing technique should be performed when possible, such as enucleation of the lesion or partial nephrectomy. PMID- 3475065 TI - A 16 year old boy with poor vision and nasal obstruction. AB - A 16 year old boy presented with visual deterioration and nasal obstruction. Investigations revealed a destructive pituitary tumour with extension into his skull base and nasopharynx. This unusual prolactin-secreting adenoma was treated by both surgery and bromocriptine. PMID- 3475066 TI - Re: Colorectal cancer: a large unselected Australian series. PMID- 3475067 TI - Protein kinase C phosphorylates leukemia RNA polymerase II. AB - Purified RNA polymerase II from chicken leukemia cells was found to be an effective substrate for protein kinase C but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Protein kinase C catalyzed the incorporation of 1-2 mol of phosphate per mol of polymerase II and the reaction was totally calcium and lipid dependent. Electrophoresis studies revealed a time-dependent increase of phosphate incorporation into RNA polymerase II subunits of 220 KDa, 180 KDa and 150 KDa, with a preferential phosphorylation of the 180 KDa polypeptide. The phosphorylated enzyme has a preference for using single-stranded DNA as the template for transcription, including transcription of the single-stranded myb oncogene sequence. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated that both serine and threonine residues were phosphorylated at equal amounts. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C increased the affinity of substrate-polymerase binding and the initial rate of RNA synthesis, suggesting a mechanism by which gene expression can be activated by protein kinase C. PMID- 3475068 TI - Urinary excretion of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine and their N-oxides in the rat. PMID- 3475069 TI - In vitro inhibition of phenolsulphotransferase by food and drink constituents. AB - Several natural and synthetic food and drink constituents were tested in vitro for their inhibitory actions on phenolsulphotransferase P and M (PST P, PST M) and monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO A, MAO B). Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, a simple anthocyanin, (+)-catechin, a flavanol, and carmoisine, a synthetic food colorant, were found to be particularly potent, reversible inhibitors of PST P. All inhibited this enzyme by 100% at a concentration of 5 microM and had an IC50 in the microM range. The effects of these compounds on PST M and MAO A and B were less pronounced. There was a considerable difference in the inhibitory ability of different purified anthocyanins but all were selective for PST P. Several other phenolic food colorants were also found to be specific inhibitors of PST P, though less potent in their actions. Tartrazine, a non-phenolic food colorant, had little effect. The phenolic extracts from two red wines were also found selectively to inhibit PST P in vitro, suggesting that it is within this fraction that these inhibitors are to be found. PST is an important enzyme involved in the inactivation of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous phenols. If such a degree of inhibition were to occur in vivo, potentially toxic concentrations of some phenolic substrates might result. PMID- 3475070 TI - Impairment of nucleotide metabolism by iron-chelating deferoxamine. AB - The effect of deferoxamine on nucleotide metabolism in HL-60 leukemic cells was studied to explore the mechanism of its antiproliferation activity. It was found that in intact cells deferoxamine markedly inhibited the ribonucleotide reduction and incorporation of bases (adenine, hypoxanthine), ribonucleosides (inosine, guanosine) and deoxyribonucleosides (thymidine, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine) into nucleic acids. Although deferoxamine did not inhibit thymidine and uridine incorporation into free nucleotides, inhibition of hypoxanthine and adenine incorporation into nucleotides as well as inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis de novo was found. Nucleotide catabolism, protein synthesis, and intracellular levels of ribonucleotides were not affected significantly by deferoxamine. These results showed that deferoxamine selectively affects several specific reactions of nucleotide metabolism. Inhibition of ribonucleotide reduction, inhibition of ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide incorporation into nucleic acids, as well as inhibition of purine biosynthesis, may alter significantly cellular physiology and, therefore, contribute significantly to the antiproliferative activity of deferoxamine. PMID- 3475071 TI - [Indications and technics for partial crowns]. PMID- 3475072 TI - [Research using immunogenetic markers in the basic risk factors for ischemic heart disease in a family]. AB - The population-genetic analysis of 235 families of arbitrarily selected probands has been performed. These were males, aged 40-59 years, examined for the determination of CHD risk factors. The association of genetic markers with lipid content and BP level in different sex and age groups has been observed. PMID- 3475074 TI - 'Scottish dental students' views on their undergraduate training'. PMID- 3475073 TI - The role of bone cells in increasing metaphyseal hard tissue in rapidly growing rats treated with prostaglandin E2. AB - The skeletal effects of graded doses of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) given to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 weeks were investigated to elucidate the role of bone cells in increasing hard tissue mass. Decalcified (3 micron) sections were quantified in the light microscope by point hit and intersect counting using a Merz grid. Hard tissue mass (bone and calcified cartilage) and osteoblast, osteoclast and osteoprogenitor cell numbers were counted in metaphyseal tissue bands 0.24, 0.48, 0.72, 1.20, 1.68, 2.16, 2.64, 3.12, 3.60 and 4.08 mm from the growth plate metaphyseal junction. Changes were different and more marked in the secondary spongiosa than the primary spongiosa of the proximal tibial metaphysis of treated rats. In the primary spongiosa of rats treated with 3 or 6 mg PGE2/kg/d (1) an increase in bone and hard tissue masses and (2) a decrease in osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cell numbers and surface to volume ratio was observed. In the secondary spongiosa (lower metaphysis) of rats treated with 2 same dose levels (1) an increase in bone mass, calcified cartilage cores, and hard tissue mass and perimeter, an elevation of osteoprogenitor cell and osteoblast numbers, a depression of osteoclast, osteoclast nuclei numbers and surface to volume ratio and new sites of intramembranous ossification (woven bone formation) originating from the cortico-endosteal envelope was observed. In this growing rat skeletal model, we showed that PGE2 increases metaphyseal calcified tissue mass by depressing hard tissue resorption and stimulating the replication and differentiation of osteoblast precursors to form new foci of woven bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475075 TI - 'Who should do orthodontics?'. PMID- 3475076 TI - Needleguard holders. PMID- 3475077 TI - 'Periodontal ligament anaesthesia: with or without a vasoconstrictor?'. PMID- 3475078 TI - Changes in caries epidemiology and in other diseases. PMID- 3475079 TI - Differences in caries levels in 5-year-old children in Newcastle and North Manchester in 1985. PMID- 3475080 TI - Use of chlorhexidine gluconate for pre-operative disinfection of apicectomy sites. PMID- 3475082 TI - A clinical estimation of the fluoride used during application of a fluoride varnish. PMID- 3475081 TI - Gingival ulcer as an initial manifestation of gonococcal stomatitis. PMID- 3475083 TI - Amelogenesis imperfecta with progressive root resorption. PMID- 3475084 TI - Oral ulceration after contact with the houseplant Dieffenbachia. PMID- 3475085 TI - Dental schools under scrutiny. PMID- 3475086 TI - Clinical and haematological assessment of children with recurrent aphthous ulceration. PMID- 3475087 TI - Facial fractures in children. PMID- 3475088 TI - The efficacy of multiple choice questions in teaching conservative dentistry. PMID- 3475089 TI - 'Who should do orthodontics? PMID- 3475090 TI - Courses of instruction for dental hygienists. PMID- 3475091 TI - Safeguarding DSAs. PMID- 3475092 TI - Control of cross-infection. PMID- 3475093 TI - Cross-infection through the dental handpiece. PMID- 3475094 TI - Use of rubber gloves. PMID- 3475095 TI - 'An investigation into antibiotic prescribing at a dental teaching hospital'. PMID- 3475096 TI - Narcotics Anonymous (NA): the phenomenal growth of an important resource. PMID- 3475098 TI - Footnotes in the evolution of the American national response: some little known aspects of the first American Strategy for Drug Abuse and Drug Traffic Prevention. The Inaugural Thomas Okey memorial lecture. PMID- 3475097 TI - New directions for survey research in the study of alcoholic beverage consumption. PMID- 3475099 TI - When will we have a standard concept of alcohol dependence? PMID- 3475100 TI - Children's awareness of cigarette advertisements and brand imagery. PMID- 3475101 TI - Impact of changes in distilled spirits availability on apparent consumption: a time series analysis of liquor-by-the-drink. PMID- 3475102 TI - Public control of alcohol: licensing trusts in New Zealand. PMID- 3475103 TI - When a placebo is not a placebo: the value of effect size measures in assessing the validity of deception used in the balanced placebo design. PMID- 3475104 TI - Decline in alcohol-related in-patient care and mortality in Stockholm County. PMID- 3475105 TI - Chasing, arousal and sensation seeking in off-course gamblers. PMID- 3475106 TI - A study of voluntary drug agencies: their roles in the treatment and rehabilitation field. PMID- 3475107 TI - The application of the SODQ to the measurement of the severity of opiate dependence in a British sample. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire. PMID- 3475108 TI - Comparative effects of vinca alkaloids (VCR, VDS) and epipodophyllotoxin (VP16) on murine myeloblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3475110 TI - Variable differentiation patterns of acute myelogenous leukaemia blasts in liquid suspension cultures. AB - To study the ability of acute myelogenous leukaemia blasts to spontaneously differentiate in vitro, bone marrow and/or blood mononuclear cells from 63 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia were incubated in liquid suspension cultures containing human serum, without addition of chemical inducers of differentiation. Cultures were examined weekly for disappearance or persistence of blasts, and for appearance of morphologically recognizable granulocytes and macrophages. Culture outcomes were extremely variable, ranging from lack of appearance of differentiated cells to complete disappearance of blasts with replacement by mature cells. In 50 cases an increase (25-185%) in the absolute number of differentiated cells in culture was noted during the culture period. Full differentiation was seen exclusively in cultures from 13/48 (27.1%) patients studied at diagnosis, as compared to 0/20 patients studied at relapse (P less than 0.01). The ability to fully or partially differentiate in culture was lost to a significant degree at relapse (13/20 patients) as compared to diagnosis (48/48 patients, P = 0.0001). At diagnosis full differentiation in culture was associated with a significantly higher remission rate than partial differentiation (89% versus 40%, P less than 0.02). Origination of mature cells from leukaemic rather than normal precursors was suggested by the appearance of Auer rods in mature cells in seven cases, by the correlation of types of differentiated cells seen in culture with the FAB class of leukaemia and by cytogenetic data in one case. PMID- 3475109 TI - Value of CA 15:3 in the follow-up of breast cancer patients. AB - CA 15:3, a new tumour marker detectable by two monoclonal antibodies (115 D 8 and DF 3), was measured by an immunoradiometric technique on the ELSA solid phase. Sixteen percent of patients with localized breast cancer had CA 15:3 levels greater than 25 U ml-1, and levels increased with tumour size. CA 15:3 levels greater than 25 U ml-1 were found in 54% of patients with nodal involvement and in 91% of patients with metastatic breast disease. Measurement of CA 15:3 in 70 women with metastatic breast cancer and a normal CEA revealed positive CA 15:3 levels at diagnosis of the first metastasis in 66% of cases; 63% of these patients could be monitored with CA 15:3. PMID- 3475111 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a child with familial Pelger-Huet anomaly. AB - A case of familial Pelger-Huet anomaly in a 3-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is described. This unique association was investigated through trial observations of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow obtained during the child's treatment with chemotherapy. The average lobe index (ALI) of neutrophils was 42 with no three-lobed forms at the time of the initial diagnosis. During antimetabolite maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate the ALI was 1.87 and three-lobed forms were present. The behaviour of the P-HA cells to heat induced radial hypersegmentation of the nucleus was examined in other family members. The mechanism by which heat and folate deficiency induce neutrophil segmentation is preserved in the familial Pelger Huet anomaly. PMID- 3475112 TI - Promyelocytic crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3475113 TI - Cytological features of 9q- deletions in AML. PMID- 3475114 TI - Annotations concerning the correlation of the immuno-phenotypes of leukaemic cells in acute myeloid leukaemias with the FAB classification. PMID- 3475115 TI - Serum lysozyme is related to leukaemic subtype in AML. PMID- 3475116 TI - C-reactive protein and cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 3475117 TI - Malocclusion and facial types in a group of Saudi Arabian patients referred for orthodontic treatment: a preliminary study. AB - Dental malocclusion is present in all societies but its prevalence varies. There is a need to identify the occlusal problems, their incidence and the need for treatment so that appropriate manpower arrangements may be made. In this initial survey, patients attending the orthodontic clinic at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital were examined for occlusal relationship, crowding, and facial type. There are indications amongst Saudi Arabian patients of a tendency for bimaxillary proclination and a greater proportion of Class III malocclusion, than in Western communities. The need for a comprehensive survey is identified. PMID- 3475118 TI - Operational performance of the travelling microscope in the measurement of dental casts. AB - Tests were carried out with an on-line travelling microscope to determine its performance in the measurement of dental casts. The results show the system to be more accurate than the current alternatives. PMID- 3475119 TI - The use of an autogenous free gingival graft in the combined orthodontic and periodontal management of a buccally ectopic maxillary canine. AB - A case is reported in which an unerupted maxillary canine, situated buccally above the level of the mucogingival junction, was exposed surgically in conjunction with a free gingival graft. Alignment was achieved using the edgewise appliance. An adequate width of attached gingiva was maintained out of retention, with a good aesthetic result. The problems associated with radical exposure of buccally misplaced teeth are discussed. PMID- 3475120 TI - The mechanics of looped arches with non-parallel or angulated legs. AB - The force-deflection characteristics, of two unusual types of multiple loop arch, to vertical and radial displacement, are derived from simple beam theory. Check measurements on enlarged models were in good agreement with the theory presented. The variations in stiffness resulting from changes in the size, shape and geometry of the loops is discussed, and the results compared with behaviour of standard vertical loops. PMID- 3475121 TI - A high pull torquing auxiliary for use with the Begg appliance. AB - Treatment of the severe Class II division 2 malocclusion is difficult whatever appliance system is used. A small auxiliary, for use with the Begg appliance, is described. This enables torque and intrusive forces to be delivered to the upper central incisors, using High Pull Headgear. A case treated using this device is shown, and the changes brought about are demonstrated. PMID- 3475122 TI - Dentinal dysplasia type I. A subclassification. AB - Dentinal Dysplasia Type I is a rare condition affecting the deciduous and permanent dentitions, in which the teeth present with short roots and considerably reduced or obliterated pulp spaces. These features were observed on the radiographs of a patient referred for orthodontic assessment, and an investigation of other members of the family revealed that the father and two siblings were also affected. There were variations in the lengths of the roots in those affected, and thus a subclassification of the dysplasia is proposed. PMID- 3475123 TI - The screening and categorization of patients: a case for natural selection? AB - A preliminary study was performed on the feasibility and validity of objective categorization of patients into basic 'treatment types'. The Reflex Metrograph was used for a three-dimensional cast analysis, and an H.P. 9874 A digitizer was used for a two-dimensional radiograph analysis. In both measurement techniques the method error was found to be acceptable. Using the Ricketts 10 Factor Analysis, it was found that by means of 'Clinical deviators' radiographs could be used to distinguish orthognathic cases from the other treatment groups. The three dimensional study cast analysis showed promise, distinguishing a number of statistically significant factors within the lower arch and between simple and fixed appliance cases. A number of variables which might have been expected to be significant were confounded by their range of values within the groups. Further investigation is required with an improved technique of initial categorization of patients, perhaps by means of a panel of clinicians, and more sophisticated statistical techniques. PMID- 3475124 TI - Validity and reproducibility of rating dental attractiveness from study casts. AB - In the course of a multi-disciplinary investigation of 1018 children, standardized dental photographs and study casts were obtained. It has been shown that panel ratings of dental attractiveness from standardized photographs have good validity, high intra- and inter-judge reproducibility and to be representative of lay judgement. However, such ratings compound an appraisal of cleanliness, tooth colour and gingival health in addition to purely orthodontic features. In order to isolate the latter, attractiveness ratings of study casts were made by a three person panel using visual analogue scales. PMID- 3475125 TI - Fracture of polycarbonate edgewise brackets: a clinical and SEM study. AB - Fracture experience and fracture form of polycarbonate edgewise brackets, were assessed in a clinical study using four force controlled mechanical systems. The incidence and types of bracket fracture were investigated macroscopically and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the engagement of both round and square archwires and stainless steel ligaturing were aetiological factors in bracket fracture. PMID- 3475127 TI - Nature of orthodontic practice in the UK. PMID- 3475128 TI - Teaching of fixed appliance techniques to general dental practitioners. PMID- 3475126 TI - Torquing in class: an interesting twist for orthodontists. AB - A method of measuring the amount of slack inherent in the system of Edgewise brackets and archwires is presented, and some related problems concerning the use of turrets discussed. PMID- 3475129 TI - Evidence for the existence of a tyrosyl residue in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding site of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase. AB - Xanthine-NAD and NADH-methylene blue oxidoreductase activities of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase were inactivated by incubation with 5'-[p (fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (5'-FSBA), an active site directed reagent for nucleotide binding sites. The inactivation reaction displayed pseudo-first-order kinetics. A double-reciprocal plot of inactivation velocity vs. 5'-FSBA concentration showed that 5'-FSBA and enzyme formed a complex prior to inactivation. NAD protected the enzyme from inactivation by 5'-FSBA in a competitive fashion. The modified enzyme had the same xanthine dichlorophenolindophenol and xanthine-O2 oxidoreductase activities as the native enzyme, and on addition of xanthine to the modified enzyme, bleaching of the spectrum occurred in the visible region. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into the enzyme by incubation with [14C]-5'-FSBA was parallel to the loss of xanthine-NAD oxidoreductase activity, and the stoichiometry was 1 mol/mol of enzyme-bound FAD for complete inactivation. These results indicated that 5'-FSBA modified specifically the binding site for NAD of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase. The incorporated radioactivity was released slowly from 14C labeled enzyme by incubation with dithiothreitol with concomitant restoration of catalytic activity. The modified residue responsible for inactivation was identified as a tyrosine. PMID- 3475130 TI - Human transforming growth factor type beta 2: production by a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line, purification, and initial characterization. AB - Human type beta 2 transforming growth factor (hTGF-beta 2) was purified from tamoxifen-supplemented, serum-free medium conditioned by the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line PC-3. The purification of hTGF-beta 2 was monitored in a growth inhibition assay and was achieved by batch purification on methylsilyl controlled pore glass, followed by gel permeation chromatography and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The overall recovery of hTGF-beta 2 was 75% of the initial activity and yielded 22 micrograms of hTGF-beta 2/L of conditioned medium. The concentration of hTGF-beta 2 required for half-maximal inhibition of Mv 1 Lu mink lung epithelial cells (CCl-64) was approximately 5 pM when assayed in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. The purified hTGF-beta 2 has a molecular weight of 24,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and consists of two disulfide-linked, apparently identical polypeptide chains, with a molecular weight of 13,000. The amino-terminal sequence of hTGF-beta 2 was determined. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of hTGF-beta 2 and hTGF-beta reveals statistically significant sequence homology. On the basis of the extensive amino acid sequence homology, we propose the term TGF-beta 2 for this newly isolated polypeptide. The reported results suggest that TGF-beta (TGF-beta 1) and TGF-beta 2 may have evolved from a common progenitor. PMID- 3475131 TI - Multiparameter study of denaturation of 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by urea in the presence of stabilizing agents. AB - We investigated the denaturation of tetrameric 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20R)-17 beta,20 beta,21-trihydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.53) to find out whether intermediate states are formed during the process. The denaturation process was studied in the presence and absence of stabilizers, both specific, such as NADH, and non-specific, such as the salting-out anion phosphate. Changes in enzymatic activity, intrinsic protein fluorescence and far ultraviolet circular dichroism were monitored. When NADH was present, denaturation of the enzyme by urea was a one-step transition between the native and the completely denatured state. In dilute phosphate, and even more so in concentrated phosphate, the existence of intermediate states with different stability is evidenced by the noncoincidence of the transition curves that probe for different functional and conformational aspects of the enzyme. Therefore, for 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase the formation of intermediates can be prevented by adding NADH, or enhanced by adding concentrated phosphate. PMID- 3475132 TI - Dietary fish oil decreases VLDL production rates. AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the hypocholesterolemic effect of fish oil in roosters (10% fish oil vs. 10% corn oil in the diet) is due to a decrease in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion rate. Previous studies have shown that in vivo inhibition of lipoprotein lipase with a specific antiserum quantitatively blocks VLDL catabolism. Secretion of VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol in fasting roosters was measured during a 4 h inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. Secretion rates of VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol were 39% lower (P less than 0.03) and 49% lower (P less than 0.025), respectively, with the fish oil diet. VLDL composition at the end of the inhibition was not remarkably different between treatments. Smaller portomicrons were produced by fish oil feeding (1737 +/- 120 vs. 2090 +/- 64 A, P less than 0.01), but there were no differences seen in Km or Vmax when portomicrons were incubated with purified avian lipoprotein lipase. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were not affected by the oil supplements. In a second study, the diets were supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol in addition to the oils. Fasting serum cholesterol was 52% lower (P less than 0.05) in the fish oil-fed birds, most of the difference being in the VLDL fraction (11.5 +/- 9 vs. 99.7 +/- 66 mg/dl). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol was also significantly lower. VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol secretion rates were lower by 39 (P less than 0.025) and 38% (P less than 0.06), respectively, in the fish oil group. VLDL from fish oil-fed birds collected after a 4 h inhibition had a lower cholesterol content than that from the corn oil-fed birds (15.9 +/- 2.8 vs. 21.2 +/- 1.9 wt%, P less than 0.025). In the fish oil-fed animals the decrease in VLDL cholesterol secretion accounted for 61% of the observed decrease in VLDL cholesterol. The balance of the decrease in plasma VLDL cholesterol was due to a significant increase in VLDL cholesterol fractional removal rate in the fish oil-fed animals from 0.45 +/- 1.0 to 2.63 +/- 1.7 h-1 (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3475133 TI - Abnormalities of copper in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. AB - The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a disorder whose etiology and pathogenesis are little understood. The number of biochemical abnormalities described in this disorder is minimal. Ten of a total of 80 patients were found to have an abnormally low serum copper. A report is presented on two patients who consented to further detailed investigation and in whom copper radioisotope studies were carried out. Both exhibited abnormalities of copper handling, in that we observed an abnormally fast disappearance of copper from the plasma and an abnormally slow uptake by the liver. The rates of intestinal absorption and urinary excretion were normal. We did not identify an abnormal site of sequestration of the metal in the body. PMID- 3475134 TI - Expression of myeloid differentiation antigens on myeloblasts in bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - Bone marrow myeloblasts in 15 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes were quantitated with monoclonal antibodies using the immunoalkaline phosphatase technique. Positive blasts were identified in 7 of the 15 cases with at least one of three antibodies reactive with acute myelomonocytic leukaemic cells (PMN-6, PMN-29, AML 2-23) which were non-reactive with normal myeloblasts. In 5 of these cases increased PM-81 positivity was associated with expression of at least one of the other antigens (PM-81 antibody reacts with all types of acute myeloid leukaemic cells and a certain percentage of normal myeloblasts). The data suggest an aberration of myeloid differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes which is reflected in altered surface marker features. PMID- 3475135 TI - Actin polymerization and its relationship to locomotion and chemokinetic response in maturing human promyelocytic leukemia cells. AB - We studied actin polymerization in the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line during induced myeloid maturation and its relationship to the rate of locomotion (ROL). The percent G-actin (of total actin) was measured by DNAase I inhibition, F-actin was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of nitrobenzoxadiazol (NBD)-phallacidin-stained cells, and ROL was measured by computer-assisted analysis of the tracks of individual cells. Uninduced HL-60 cells moved slowly (2.3 +/- 1.0 microns/min) and showed no change in ROL or in the state of actin polymerization when stimulated by formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Nonstimulated cells induced to differentiate with dimethylformamide had no change in the degree of actin polymerization but exhibited a mean (m) ROL similar to normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (8.6 +/- 1.4 micron/min [HL-60 cells] v 7.8 +/ 1.8 microns/min [PMN]. When induced HL-60 cells were stimulated with fMLP, actin polymerization occurred. The F-actin content increased, as determined by FACS analysis of NBD-phallacidin-stained cells, and the percentage of G-actin decreased, as determined by a 24.5% decrease in DNAase I inhibitory activity. However, induced HL-60 cells stimulated with fMLP did not increase their mROL. These studies show that, unlike normal human PMN, chemotactic peptides can cause an intracellular biochemical change that is not associated with a chemokinetic response in induced HL-60 cells. The HL-60 cell line may be a useful model to study the development of chemotactic peptide-mediated actin polymerization during myeloid cell maturation. PMID- 3475136 TI - Characterization of a new human diploid myeloid leukemia cell line (PLB-985) with granulocytic and monocytic differentiating capacity. AB - A new human diploid cell line, designated PLB-985, has been established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Cells of this line are capable of granulocytic and monocytic maturation in the presence of inducing agents. By morphology, the analysis of surface antigens, and cytochemical staining PLB-985 cells are myelomonoblasts. Transmission electron microscopy reveals them to be devoid of neutrophilic primary or secondary granules and to have an open chromatin pattern with frequent nucleoli. The modal karyotype of the line is 46,XX, with no consistent marker chromosomes or recognizable translocations. Myelomonoblasts of this line form colonies in soft agar and induce tumors (chloromas) in nude mice. Growth of the cells in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, cis-retinoic acid, or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate results in granulocytic maturation as determined by morphology, histochemical staining characteristics, and incorporation of 35S-methionine into the neutrophil primary granule proteinases elastase and cathepsin G. The tumor promoting phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate induces PLB-985 cells to differentiate as monocytes. Cells grown in the presence of this agent rapidly become adherent to plastic, display markedly increased phagocytosis of latex particles, stain positively for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and lose the ability to synthesize the neutrophilic proteinases. Induction of differentiation along either pathway is accompanied by a marked decrease in myc oncogene transcription. PMID- 3475137 TI - No adverse prognostic influence of hepatitis B virus infection in acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - In the years 1980-1985 72 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were diagnosed and treated by intensive combination chemotherapy (BFM protocols 79, 81, 83). Of these children 33 acquired a Hepatitis B-virus-carrier state with 1983 as the peak year of incidence. Both groups of patients, the infected and the uninfected ones, were comparable as to prognostic factors. All except 8 patients are off chemotherapy after a total duration of treatment of 1 1/2 or 2 years. Probability for event-free survival (life table analysis, maximum observation time 82 months, minimum 12 months) is equal (0.77 vs. 0.75) in both groups. With 3 exceptions, all HBV-infected patients still carry the HBs-antigen in the serum; 22 of the 30 living patients in the infected group developed anti-HBc. PMID- 3475138 TI - Differential endocytosis of fluorescein iso-thiocyanate-concanavalin A by normal and chronic myeloid leukemic granulocytes. AB - Isolated granulocytes from normal individuals and patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) displayed different fluorescent patterns on treatment with fluorescein isothiocyanate concanavalin A (Fl-Con A). The ligand was internalized by 86% of the normal granulocytes, while 80% of the leukemic granulocytes exhibited Fl-Con A localized on the cell periphery. In further experiments, pretreatment of the normal granulocytes with cytochalasin B, iodoacetamide, 2 deoxyglucose and sodium fluoride (but not with sodium azide or dinitrophenol) was found to drastically inhibit internalization of the ligand. However, pretreatment of granulocytes from CML patients with cytochalasin B and 2-deoxyglucose, caused only a little alteration in the pattern of Fl-Con A labelling relative to untreated cells. These results indicate that CML granulocytes are defective in their ability to endocytose Fl-Con A. We suggest that this differential interaction between Fl-Con A and normal and leukemic granulocytes is a convenient system to study the initial steps in receptor mediated endocytosis of Concanavalin A. PMID- 3475139 TI - Plasma membrane proteins from human normal and chronic myeloid leukemic granulocytes: identification and partial characterization of the concanavalin A binding and detergent resistant proteins. AB - In this work granulocytes from normal human donors and patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were externally labeled with 125Iodine, using the Iodogen method. 125Iodine labeled Concanavalin A binding proteins (CBP) and detergent-resistant proteins (DRP) were isolated from the cell lysates and characterized by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D- and 2D-SDS-PAGE). Autoradiographs of the 2D-gels of DRP show seven proteins with Mr 118,000 (spot 1 a), Mr 112,000 (spot 1b), Mr 78,000 85,000 (spot 2), Mr 85,000 (spot 4), Mr 52,000 (spot 3, 3 a and 3 b). Of this set, spot 1 b, 2 and 4 are also present in the autoradiographs of 2D-gels of CBP and, hence, may be considered to be transmembrane components. Spot 4 is expressed more intensely in the normal granulocytes while spots 3 a and 3 b are mainly expressed on the leukemic granulocytes. PMID- 3475141 TI - [Changes in the periodontal tissues of human teeth subjected to orthodontic forces]. PMID- 3475140 TI - [Treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in the adult with a combination of vindesine and cisplatin with doxorubicin or epirubicin: a pilot study]. AB - Twenty-five adult patients, 15 men and 10 women, with a median age of 49, and presenting with metastatic or locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas, have been treated with chemotherapy protocol combining cisplatinum, 100 mg/m2, vindesine, 4 mg/m2, and either adriamycin, 50 mg/m2 (APEL) (16 patients), or epirubicin, 100 mg/m2 (EPEL) (9 patients). The overall toxicity was high, with hematologic, digestive and renal side effects, leading to stop the treatment in 5/25 patients, and to reduce drugs dosage by greater than or equal to 25% in nearly half of the patients. A tumor response (tumor regression of greater than or equal to 50%) was observed in 9/25 patients (36%), including one histologically confirmed complete regression. Among 16 patients presenting with pain, a complete relief was obtained in 7. Thus, APEL/EPEL produced a response rate which compared with that obtained with CYVADIC regimen, but the toxicity of these regimens was higher leading us to stop these protocols. Others associations should be developed. In that regards, epirubicin may be considered as doses as high as 100 mg/m2, was tolerated as 50 mg/m2 of adriamycin, and produced a response in 5 over 9 patients treated. PMID- 3475142 TI - [Ontogenic development of permanent cheek teeth in Cavia porcellus L]. PMID- 3475143 TI - [The pulp and interdental papilla in rats treated with hydrocortisone]. PMID- 3475145 TI - Bacterial resistance: exploring the facts and myths. Proceedings of a symposium. New York, March 18, 1986. PMID- 3475144 TI - [Dental plaque formation in vivo on composite materials: a scanning electron microscopic study]. PMID- 3475146 TI - Plasma protein extravasation induced by mammalian tachykinins in rat skin: influence of anaesthetic agents and an acetylcholine antagonist. AB - The effect of mammalian tachykinins on plasma protein extravasation was assessed in the rat dorsal skin. Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB) increased vascular permeability in a dose-related manner with a threshold dose of about 0.07 pmol in sodium pentobarbitone-anaesthetized animals. Plasma protein extravasation induced by the tachykinins was 100-500 times less in magnitude in animals anaesthetized with urethane. Plasma protein extravasation induced by SP (66 pmol) was significantly reduced (63%; P less than 0.001) by atropine (a muscarinic inhibitor) while that induced by NKA or NKB was unaffected by the inhibitor suggesting that a cholinergic component might only be involved in the vascular permeability elicited by SP. The rank order of potency for the tachykinins on plasma protein extravasation was: NKB greater than SP greater than NKA (in absence of atropine) and NKB greater than NKA greater than SP (in presence of atropine), suggesting that this vascular response is mediated by a SP E receptor type. The amplitudes of the plasma protein extravasation induced by NKB and its hydrophilic analogue [Arg degrees]NKB were similar, indicating that the lipophilic features of the native peptide cannot account for its potent biological activity. Plasma protein extravasation was enhanced by the SP analogue [D-Pro4,Lys6,D-Trp7,9,10,Phe11]SP (4-11), thus showing the limitation of such SP analogues (antagonists) for characterizing the tachykinin receptors involved in vascular permeability. PMID- 3475148 TI - Dental cleanliness in a West Midlands population aged 14-19 years according to sex, ethnic origin and the presence of 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water. PMID- 3475147 TI - Divergent effects of co-carcinogenic phorbol esters and a synthetic diacylglycerol on human neutrophil chemokinesis and granular enzyme secretion. AB - The effects of two co-carcinogenic phorbol esters (phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu] and a synthetic diacylglycerol (OAG, 1-oleoyl 2-acetyl-glycerol), which all stimulate protein kinase C, were compared with two inactive phorbol compounds (4 alpha-phorbol and 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD)) on three functional properties of stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): release of granular enzymes lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase, chemokinesis, and changes in cytoplasmic free calcium [Ca2+]i. PMA, PDBu and the diacylglycerol, OAG, all caused a dose-dependent and slow (max by 15 min) release of small amounts of lysozyme with much less beta-glucuronidase and no release of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Release was unaffected by removal of extracellular Ca2+. PMA, PDBu and OAG inhibited random movement of the cells, did not cause chemokinesis and induced a slow reduction in the basal [Ca2+]i, as measured by the quin-2 method. PMA, PDBu and OAG increased the capacity of five independently-acting stimulants (N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, leukotriene B4, C5a des Arg, platelet activating factor and A23187) to cause release of lysozyme and beta glucuronidase but strongly inhibited PMN chemokinesis induced by the same five agents and reduced the stimulant-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. PMA was always more potent than PDBu and much more potent than OAG in eliciting these stimulatory or inhibitory effects on human PMNs. In all tests, 4 alpha-phorbol and 4 alpha-PDD were inactive. The results confirm that stimulation of the diacylglycerol/protein kinase C system in human PMN, either by active phorbol esters or the synthetic diacylglycerol, causes bidirectional effects on human PMN function. In particular, activation of the C-kinase causes inhibition of stimulated neutrophil motility, whereas the secretory functions of the cells are enhanced. PMID- 3475150 TI - Some characteristics of 5-year-old children with a dmf of six or more in Gloucestershire, England. PMID- 3475149 TI - A caries prevalence study of 5-year-old children in South-East Staffordshire in 1985 which resulted in the unexpected finding of a naturally fluoridated water supply to the town of Uttoxeter. PMID- 3475151 TI - Dental caries experience in 5- and 12-year-old school children in Ondo State, Nigeria in 1977 and 1983. PMID- 3475152 TI - Rehabilitation with fixed prostheses among Finnish adults. PMID- 3475153 TI - Finnish dentists' attitudes towards, and experience of, expanded-duty dental hygienists. PMID- 3475154 TI - Estimating the costs of public dental programmes: mobile clinics. PMID- 3475155 TI - Sugar-based medicines and dental disease--progress report. PMID- 3475156 TI - The use of fluoride supplementation in a non-fluoridated city in Australia in 1985. PMID- 3475157 TI - Extraskeletal osteosarcoma. AB - A retrospective study of 88 cases of extraskeletal osteosarcoma revealed that this tumor affects adults almost exclusively, with a high incidence in patients older than 50 years, and is slightly more common in males (58%) than in female patients. The tumor occurred principally as a soft tissue mass in an extremity, with a predilection for the thighs (lower extremity, 46.6%; upper extremity, 20.5%) and the retroperitoneum (17%). Most were deep-seated and were firmly attached to the fascia, but occasionally they were freely movable and confined to the subcutis or dermis. Nearly all presented as an insidiously growing mass rarely causing pain or tenderness. The preoperative duration of symptoms ranged from 2 weeks to 25 years (median, 6 months). In 17 cases, it exceeded 2 years. A history of prior trauma to the site of the tumor was stated in 11 of the 88 cases (12.5%) and of radiation in five cases (5.7%). Microscopically, the tumors contained varying amounts of neoplastic osteoid and bone, sometimes together with islands of malignant-appearing cartilage. Like osteosarcoma of bone, extraskeletal osteosarcoma showed a striking variation in histologic appearance and focally resembled malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and malignant schwannoma. Follow-up information was available for 65 patients. Eight (12.3%) patients were alive with no evidence of recurrence; 12 (18.5%) patients were alive with one or more recurrences; and five (7.6%) were alive with metastases. Twenty-eight of the tumors (43%) recurred and 39 (63%) metastasized. Forty (61.5%) of the patients with follow-up information had died, 36 from the tumor and four from miscellaneous causes. The prevailing sites of metastases were the lung, the regional lymph nodes, and bone. PMID- 3475158 TI - Human leukocyte antigens and immunoglobulin allotypes in head and neck cancer patients with and without multiple primary tumors. AB - Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes were examined in 98 patients with single head and neck cancers, and in 51 patients with multiple primary tumors. Immunoglobulin allotype Km (1) was present in 4% of patients with multiple primary tumors versus 21% in patients with a single head and neck cancer. The frequency of HLA-B8, HLA-DR3, and HLA-DQW2 in patients with multiple primary tumors and of HLA-B8, and HLA-B45 in patients with a single head and neck cancer increased significantly as compared with the control population. Those data suggest genetic influences--next to environmental factors--on the pathogenesis of multiple primary tumors in head and neck squamous cancer. It might be worthwhile to use HLA typing and Ig allotyping in the selection of patients in whom aggressive screening for second tumors is mandatory. PMID- 3475159 TI - Sequential karyotype study on Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia. Significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities during disease evolution. AB - Twenty-eight patients with Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), who all died of the disease, had cytogenetic studies throughout the progression of the disease: at diagnosis, during chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), and blastic transformation (BT). The aim of this sequential study was to appreciate the frequency and the significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) during CML evolution, especially in the CP. In our series ACA were rare (five of 28 patients) and simple (four of five) in CP. They were much more frequent and complex in AP (11 of 16) and in BT (22 of 24) with complex abnormalities (13 of 24). In CP, ACA predictive value for metamorphosis was poor: only three of 13 patients had ACA within 1 year before BT, and only two of 11 within 1 year before AP. ACA were mainly observed during the last period before BT: ten of 17 patients studied within 6 months prior BT had ACA, but by then two of three were in AP. ACA, especially when complex, appear to be a hallmark of CML metamorphosis. PMID- 3475160 TI - Heterochromatic variants and their association with neoplasias: III. Multiple myeloma. AB - The incidence of heterochromatic variants was assessed in 26 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 55 control individuals. An enhanced frequency of heteromorphism was present in 92% of the MM population compared with 44% of the control group (p less than 0.001). Significant differences with regard to controls were observed in chromosome pairs #1, #9, and #16 due to 1qh-, inv(1),inv(9) and 16qh- variants. We suggest that MM would present an intermediate heterochromatic behavior between hematologic diseases and solid tumors. PMID- 3475161 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17) and t(2;17;15). AB - Cytogenetic examination in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB-M3) demonstrated a stem line with t(15;17) and a side line with t(2;17;15). This observation indicates either clonal evolution from the standard translocation or a de novo complicated translocation. Previous cases with three-way translocations in acute promyelocytic leukemia have been reviewed. Three-way translocations seem to occur with similar frequency in M2 and M3 types of acute myeloid leukemia and in chronic myelocytic leukemia. PMID- 3475162 TI - Amplification of the c-myc oncogene is associated with an abnormally banded region on chromosome 8 or double minute chromosomes in two HL-60 human leukemia sublines. AB - Two sublines of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were examined cytogenetically with banding techniques. The karyotype of one subline was 44,X, X,-5,-9,-10,-15,-17,+18,8q+,14q-,16q+,16q+,+mar1,+mar2 ,+mar3. The defective chromosome #8 contained an expanded chromosomal segment at the end of the long arm at band q24. The segment appeared to be a homogeneously staining region on the basis of quinacrine fluorescence banding. Using G-banding technique, this segment showed some evidence of indistinct aberrant bands and, thus, was designated an abnormally banded region (ABR). Double minute chromosomes (DM) were not seen in these cells. The second subline showed a similar karyotype; however, these cells lacked the 8q+ marker and contained one to 37 DM in approximately 90% of the cells examined. Because HL-60 cells are known to contain multiple copies of the c-myc oncogene, in situ chromosomal hybridization of a c-myc probe to HL 60 metaphase cells was performed to localize the amplified genes. The hybridization studies revealed localization to the ABR, as well as to DM, which is consistent with amplification of c-myc within these novel interchangeable chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 3475163 TI - Secondary Ph-positive CML with a minority monosomy 7 clone. AB - We report a case of Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) secondary to previous treatment for a lymphoma. At the time of original diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphoma, chromosome studies of blood and bone marrow were normal. Following therapy and a clinical remission complicated by CNS relapse, the patient presented 16 months after treatment was discontinued with a WBC of 110,000 mm-3, consistent with CML. Blood and marrow cytogenetic studies at this time showed a Ph chromosome, t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, without other karyotypic alteration. A separate small clone with the karyotype 45,XY, -7 was found in the blood. His disease followed an aggressive course and he died 3 months later. The autopsy findings indicated CML in blast crisis. Molecular studies performed on cells replacing a lymph node revealed a rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of chromosome #22 and of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Taken together, it seems most likely that the patient's CML developed as a second neoplasm following successful elimination of his lymphoblastic lymphoma by therapy. PMID- 3475164 TI - A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia with four Philadelphia chromosomes. PMID- 3475165 TI - Origin of trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3475166 TI - C-band polymorphisms in lymphocytes of patients with ovarian or breast adenocarcinoma. AB - To establish the significance of the variability of human chromosome constitutive heterochromatin areas (C-band variants) in a risk of malignancy, C-banding pattern study has been performed in 33 female patients with ovarian or breast adenocarcinoma. The control group included 180 healthy women. The following characteristics of C-bands on chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 were studied: (a) size, (b) size heteromorphisms and (c) inversions, using quantitative and semiquantitative methods of analysis. Our data show no significant difference in the presence of C-band size and location variants in chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 between the patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary or breast and healthy women. From that we conclude that there is no causal association between the presence of C-band variants on chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 and an elevated risk of ovarian and breast adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3475167 TI - Sweet's syndrome, acute leukemia, and t(3;5). AB - We report herein the case of a 36-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having Sweet's syndrome 13 months prior to developing acute myeloid leukemia (FAB type M2). Her bone marrow karyotype was 46,XX,t(3;5)(q21;q31). Translocation t(3;5) has been reported in seven other cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. None of these cases have been associated with Sweet's syndrome. PMID- 3475168 TI - Uptake of gallium-67 by human leukemic cells: demonstration of transferrin receptor-dependent and transferrin-independent mechanisms. AB - We have studied the role of transferrin and the transferrin receptor in the uptake of 67Ga by the human leukemic cell line HL60. In the absence of transferrin, HL60 cells incorporated about 1% of the 67Ga dose over 6 h. The presence of transferrin increased cellular 67Ga uptake approximately 10-fold. Transferrin-mediated uptake of 67Ga was blocked by an anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody, and decreases in the density of cellular transferrin receptors led to corresponding decreases in the transferrin-dependent uptake of 67Ga. Changes in the cellular ferritin content did not significantly influence the uptake of 67Ga by either transferrin-independent or transferrin-dependent pathways. Regardless of the mechanism of uptake, a significant amount of intracellular 67Ga was found to be associated with immunoprecipitable ferritin as well as with a free pool. This free intracellular 67Ga appeared to be kinetically active since cells released 67Ga back to the media over time. Our results demonstrate the existence of a dual mechanism for the cellular uptake of 67Ga and suggest that the preferential uptake of 67Ga by lymphomas is related to the high density of transferrin receptors known to be expressed by these tumors in vivo. PMID- 3475169 TI - Distribution of a hematopoietic-specific differentiation antigen of K562 cells in the human myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages. AB - BALB/c mice were immunized with uninduced K562 erythroleukemia cells and hybridomas were isolated after fusion of immune spleen cells to P3/NS1 murine myeloma cells. One selected hybrid, designated 10L-30, secreted an antibody of subclass immunoglobulin G2a which was specific for hematopoietic cells. Analysis of 10L-30 binding by complement-mediated cytotoxicity, indirect immunofluorescence, solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and mixed hemadsorption assay indicated that the 10L-30 antigen was expressed on the myeloid cell lines K562, KG-1A, KG-1, some B- and T-lymphoid cell lines, and all normal human peripheral blood T-lymphocyte samples tested, but was absent on the more differentiated myeloid cell lines HL-60, ML-2, ML-3, and normal blood granulocytes. Induction of erythroid differentiation in hemin-treated K562 cells caused a 10-fold reduction in 10L-30 binding. Human erythroid and granulocytic progenitor cells, platelets, erythrocytes, and reticulocytes were nonreactive, as were a variety of nonhematopoietic human tumor cell lines. Freshly isolated leukemic bone marrow samples from patients with M5 (2 of 5), M6 (2 of 2), acute lymphoid leukemia (9 of 14), and chronic myeloid leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis (1 of 1) were 10L 30 positive. The combined evidence indicates that the 10L-30 antigen is a normal, hematopoietic-specific differentiation antigen which is strongly expressed on both immature cells of the myeloid lineage and more generally in lymphoid ontogeny. The 10L-30 antigen may be a useful marker of both normal and leukemic hematopoietic differentiation. PMID- 3475170 TI - Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic features in human primary large bowel carcinomas and lymph node metastases. AB - In order to test the contention that metastasis is a selective process and that therefore metastases might show a more restricted pattern of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics than primary tumors, we compared the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, Ca 19-9, secretory component, serotonin, and mucin production as well as flow cytometric data on DNA content and percentage of S phase cells in 87 primary large bowel carcinomas and their lymph node metastases. In a majority of the cases primary tumors and their metastases were largely identical with regard to the examined phenotypic features. In discrepant cases, however, metastases did not invariably show a more restricted pattern than primary tumors, indicating high differentiational plasticity of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells. In contrast, in a number of cases genotypic discrepancies were observed. We conclude that phenotypic characteristics of colorectal cancer cells cannot be used to study the pathogenesis of lymph node metastasis. Genotypic studies, however, suggest that lymphogenic metastasis may be a selective event. PMID- 3475171 TI - Phase II evaluation of teniposide and ifosfamide in refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - The Southwest Oncology Group undertook a phase II study of teniposide (VM-26) and ifosfamide in refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. The 49 evaluable patients were heavily pretreated; 15 of these had received only one prior induction attempt. Two treatment regimens were used. Eighteen patients received VM-26 (30 mg/m2) on Days 1-5 and ifosfamide (1000 mg/m2) by continuous iv infusion on Days 1-5. When acceptable toxicity was observed, the dose of VM-26 was increased and 30 patients received VM-26 (50 mg/m2) on Days 1-5 in addition to ifosfamide. Complete remission (CR) was observed in two patients who received the lower-dose VM-26 regimen and in six patients who received the higher-dose regimen. Of the eight patients who achieved CR, six were found among the 15 patients who had received only one prior induction therapy. Hematologic toxicity was the major toxic effect observed, with 41 patients (84%) having wbc counts less than 1000/microliter during induction therapy. Nonhematologic toxicity was dose-limiting in seven patients for the following reasons: hematuria (four patients), neurological disturbance (one), and mucositis (two). The combination of VM-26 and ifosfamide is capable of producing CR in refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults with manageable toxicity. Inclusion of the combination in a multidrug consolidation regimen for newly diagnosed patients is an appropriate avenue for further study. PMID- 3475172 TI - Phase II study of oral idarubicin in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3475173 TI - Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3475174 TI - Serum and salivary antibodies against Streptococcus mutans in young children with and without detectable oral S. mutans. PMID- 3475175 TI - Role of mucins from human whole saliva in the protection of tooth enamel against demineralization in vitro. PMID- 3475176 TI - Ultramicro analysis of the fluid in human enamel during in vitro caries attack by hydrochloric acid. PMID- 3475177 TI - Effect of a 100-ppm fluoride mouthrinse on experimental root caries in humans. PMID- 3475179 TI - Cariogenicity of uncooked and cooked traditional African foodstuffs in rats. PMID- 3475178 TI - Fluoride acquisition by enamel from solutions and self-gelling preparations. PMID- 3475180 TI - The caries inhibitory effect of repeated topical applications of NaF or NH4F in rodents. PMID- 3475181 TI - Salivary pH and glucose after consuming various beverages, including sugar containing drinks. PMID- 3475182 TI - A 10-year longitudinal study of caries incidence rates in a sample of male adults in the USA. PMID- 3475183 TI - Light microscope study of the effect of probing in occlusal surfaces. PMID- 3475184 TI - Caries preventive effect of two fluoride varnishes and a fluoride mouthrinse. PMID- 3475185 TI - In vivo anticalculus effect of a dentifrice containing 0.5% zinc citrate trihydrate. PMID- 3475186 TI - A fission yeast chromosome can replicate autonomously in mouse cells. AB - To test the functional capacity of a fission yeast chromosome in mouse cells, a strain of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ED628 Int5, was constructed. A plasmid bearing the SV2NEO gene, which can confer G418 resistance to mouse cells, was integrated at the ura4 locus on S. pombe chromosome III. S. pombe Int5 chromosomes were introduced into mouse C127 cells by PEG-facilitated protoplast fusion. Here we describe two independent G418-resistant cell lines with distinct growth characteristics, F1.1 and F7.1, and examine the structure of material derived from S. pombe Int5 chromosome III in these lines. F1.1 is shown to contain a single rearranged block of chromatin from S. pombe chromosome III integrated into a mouse chromosome, maintained in the absence of selection. In contrast, the data for F7.1 are consistent with the presence of linear, unintegrated copies of S. pombe chromosome III, which are apparently intact and maintained in an unstable but autonomous state. The unstable maintenance of this chromosome may be due to defective centromere function leading to missegregation at mitosis or to over- or underreplication. PMID- 3475187 TI - Differentiation of myeloid cells in liquid culture: 2. Acute myelocytic leukemia cells. AB - In a companion paper we demonstrated that normal peripheral blood granulocytic precursor cells differentiate after 2-3 weeks in suspension culture. In the studies described here leukemic blast cells obtained from 14 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and two patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic crisis were cultured in McCoy's 5A medium containing 15 per cent fetal bovine serum for 2-3 weeks at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5 per cent CO2-95 per cent room air. 'Spontaneous' myeloid differentiation (20 x 10(4) viable mature myeloid cells ml-1) occurred in the cultures of cells obtained from 8 pts. The differentiation was granulocytic in three cases, monocytic in four cases and of mixed type in one case. Differentiation was independent of the growth of the cells in culture and occurred in four cases after the first week. Monocytic differentiation was seen only in AML of the FAB M4 type whereas granulocytic or mixed differentiation were seen only in AML of the FAB M1 or M2 types. When PHA leucocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) was added to the cultures monocytic/macrophage differentiation was favoured. Inducers of the differentiation of the HL-60 cell line (N-methylacetamide, cytosine arabinoside, or retinoic acid) had no consistent effect on the differentiation and were at times inhibitory. Three patients received therapy with low dose cytosine arabinoside and no correlation was observed between the outcome of the treatment and leukemic cell differentiation in culture in the presence of the drug. PMID- 3475188 TI - HLA-A, B, DR, and DQ antigens in black patients with severe chronic rheumatic heart disease. AB - To determine whether genetic factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease, we performed HLA-A and HLA-B typing in 120 black patients with severe chronic rheumatic heart disease requiring cardiac surgery, and HLA-DR and HLA-DQ typing in 103 and 97 of these patients, respectively. The HLA typing was done by a standard microlymphocytotoxicity method. Patients were 12 to 60 years old (mean 27.6 +/- 14.5). No differences in HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA DQ frequencies between patients and controls were noted. HLA-DR 1 antigen was present in 12.6% of patients compared with 2.7% of normal control subjects (corrected p less than .045; relative risk = 5.2) and the HLA-DRw6 antigen was present in 31.1% of patients compared with 15% of control subjects (corrected p less than .045; relative risk = 2.6). These findings suggest that genetically determined immune-response factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of severe chronic rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 3475189 TI - Effect of heat-inactivation of HIV on laboratory results. PMID- 3475190 TI - [Prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 3475191 TI - [Properties and uses of glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 3475192 TI - [Posterior restorations with a hybrid composite: Herculite]. PMID- 3475193 TI - Comparison of blood gases of ventilated patients during transport. AB - Three modes of ventilation during the transport of 30 ventilator-dependent patients were compared using blood gas variables. Ten were ventilated with a manually operated, ventilation bag (group C) and ten with a tidal volume meter at the exhalation valve of the ventilation bag (group V). Another ten patients (group O) were ventilated with a portable ventilator set to the minute volume (VE) given in ICU. VE was measured by volumetry as described above. Blood gases were analyzed in the ICU before and at the end of transport. In group C, significant decreases occurred in arterial (p less than .01) and central venous (p less than .05) PCO2, as well as in central venous PO2 (p less than .01). Arterial (p less than .05) and central venous (p less than .01) pH increased. Group V showed no statistically significant changes. In group O, arterial (p less than .01) and central venous (p less than .05) PCO2 decreased whereas arterial (p less than .01) and central venous (p less than .05) pH increased. We conclude that VE should be monitored during transport of ventilated patients. PMID- 3475194 TI - Treatment of steatocystoma multiplex and pseudofolliculitis barbae with isotretinoin. AB - A 20-year old man with steatocystoma multiplex and pseudofolliculitis barbae was treated unsuccessfully with oral isotretinoin. Consistent with findings from previous reports, treatment with isotretinoin should be reserved for patients with steatocystoma multiplex suppurativum. PMID- 3475195 TI - Acute pulmonary edema caused by venous air embolism after removal of a subclavian catheter. AB - A 17-year-old boy, who had received chemotherapy for a relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia, manifested a brief loss of consciousness and acute pulmonary edema immediately after the removal of a triple-lumen subclavian catheter. This complication was attributed to a venous air embolism. PMID- 3475197 TI - [Movements of diduction at the dental level and its repercussion at the level of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3475196 TI - Effect of prophylactic intravenous ceftriaxone in maxillofacial surgery. AB - Cephalosporins are commonly used in maxillofacial surgery because they achieve high concentrations in bone. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was given to 65 patients undergoing diverse surgical procedures. 20 patients received cefotiam in 2 doses of 2 g for 5 days; 15 patients received cefotiam in 2 doses of 2 g only perioperatively. No difference was found between these two groups with respect to prophylactic protection against infection. A further 15 patients received ceftriaxone in a single dose of 2 g preoperatively. Since we found that local infection and febrile morbidity was not significantly different even in the 'one shot' group, we investigated the effect of 'low-dose' prophylaxis with only 1 g ceftriaxone preoperatively in another 15 patients. We found that this dose was sufficient to prevent infection in patients. PMID- 3475198 TI - [Movements of diduction at the dental level and its repercussion at the level of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3475199 TI - [Preprosthetic periodontal correction of excess tissue in edentulous areas]. PMID- 3475200 TI - Irritative and protective activity of mild irritants in rat stomach. AB - Exposure of the stomach for 30 min to acidified sodium taurocholate (TC) (1-20 mM) or sodium salicylate (SA) (10-80 mM) caused a reduction of transmucosal PD and an increase of luminal pH in anesthetized rats, in a concentration-related manner. Acidified aspirin (ASA) (10-80 mM) reduced PD in the same manner, without significant effect on pH. Histologically, these agents similarly produced damage to the surface cells. After a 30-min exposure to either 20 mM TC or 40 mM SA, acid secretion ceased and bicarbonate (0.5-1 mumol/10 min) appeared in the lumen, whereas acid secretion persisted in the stomach exposed to 40 mM ASA. However, under cimetidine infusion (8 mg/kg/hr) these agents produced similar degrees of luminal alkalinization (approximately 1 mumol/10 min). Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) significantly inhibited the increase of pH seen after exposure to 20 mM TC, but had no effect on the increase of pH caused by 40 mM SA. Concurrent administration of 16,16-dmPGE2 (3 micrograms/kg, subcutaneously) significantly antagonized the effect of indomethacin in the stomach exposed to 20 mM TC and even increased the pH in the stomach exposed to 40 mM ASA. After a 3-hr exposure to these agents, there was macroscopically apparent damage only in the stomach exposed to ASA, although the PD was similarly reduced in response to either agent. The levels of PGE2 in the corpus mucosa were significantly increased in stomachs exposed to 20 mM TC and 40 mM SA, but decreased in those exposed to 40 mM ASA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475201 TI - Effect of high-dose ibuprofen on 24-hour blood pressure in healthy women. AB - The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin has been shown to increase blood pressure in normotensive individuals. The effect of other NSAID on blood pressure has not been as well studied. We evaluated the effects of ibuprofen, an NSAID currently available without a prescription, on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in ten young, healthy, normotensive women. Using a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, subjects received ibuprofen 800 mg and a placebo identical in appearance to ibuprofen three times a day for eight days with a washout period between regimens. Subjects were instructed to follow a no-added salt diet during the study. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring and 24-hour urine collection for prostaglandin E2, creatinine, and sodium were performed on days 1 and 8 of each study week. Tablet counts and a 40 percent reduction in urinary prostaglandin E2 documented compliance with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen had no significant effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure at any hour during the 24-hour period. Mean blood pressure for the 24-hour period was 112/73 and 111/73 mm Hg on day 1 and 111/73 and 112/73 mm Hg on day 8 for placebo and ibuprofen, respectively. We conclude that ibuprofen at doses as high as 2400 mg/d for up to seven days has no effect on blood pressure in normotensive women. Further studies are needed in hypertensive subjects. PMID- 3475203 TI - Biological behavior of 67Ga-citrate in New Zealand White rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics, protein binding, excretion and tissue distribution of 67Ga after the administration of 67Ga-citrate to New Zealand White rabbits is described. Data for 67Ga blood levels were best described by an equation with three exponential components exhibiting half lives of 0.25 h, 7.4 h and 19.5 h, with almost all of the activity in a protein bound form. Weekly urinary excretion (approximately 27%), possibly in a metabolized form, and fecal elimination (approximately 20%) were greater than the reported values in man, but there was a similar organ distribution pattern in these animals as in man. The overall biological handling was judged to be similar in both species making the rabbit a suitable model for further 67Ga-citrate studies in vivo. PMID- 3475204 TI - A phase II study of oral weekly 4-demethoxydaunorubicin in advanced breast cancer. AB - Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with oral 4 demethoxydaunorubicin in a continuous weekly schedule at a dose of 15 mg/m2/week. Subjective toxicity consisted of mild nausea (grade 1) in 52% with more severe GI side effects (grade 2) in 15%. Three patients developed grade 1 alopecia and there were no episodes of cardiac failure. Significant neutropenia (grade 2/3) only occurred in patients with marrow involvement or widespread bone disease. There was one CR and 5 PRs, an overall response rate of 15.7% (95% confidence limits 6-31%). In addition 6 patients had disease stabilization for at least 6 months. Fourteen patients progressing on 4-demethoxydaunorubicin have received adriamycin 60 mg/m2 21 days. There have been 5 PRs in this group indicating possible non-cross-resistance between these two agents. PMID- 3475202 TI - Induction of platelet-derived growth factor gene expression during megakaryoblastic and monocytic differentiation of human leukemia cell lines. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of the most important polypeptide growth factors in human serum. It is composed of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. The B-chain is encoded by the c-sis proto-oncogene, which is expressed in several malignant and non-malignant cells including K562 cells differentiating towards megakaryoblasts. Expression of the A-chain has been reported to occur in human solid tumor cell lines independently of c-sis expression. We report here the non-coordinate expression of the A- and B-chains in human leukemia cell lines. The PDGF-A and B-chain (c-sis) RNA expression as well as secretion of PDGF polypeptides are induced in the K562 cell line upon induction of megakaryoblastic differentiation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) whereas erythroid differentiation induced with sodium butyrate is accompanied by c-sis expression only. Simultaneously with megakaryoblastic differentiation the RNA level for another platelet protein, the transforming growth factor-beta was also increased, but in a complex manner. The promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 does not express PDGF-A RNA, whereas the promonocytic cell line U937 does. Preferential induction of the A-chain RNA is obtained in both cell lines after treatment with TPA which causes monocytic differentiation. PDGF-A expression in HL-60 cells is also observed after treatment with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha but granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells induced with dimethyl sulfoxide or the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is not associated with PDGF gene expression. PMID- 3475205 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood monitored by bacteriocin and flowcytometry. AB - Bacteriocin and flowcytometric analysis of 106 blood samples from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were correlated with clinical stages of disease. Bacteriocins interacted selectively with malignant, and not with normal, lymphocytes causing cell cycle perturbation which was rapidly and objectively recorded by the flowcytometer. The patients were grouped as: (A) newly-diagnosed (15); (B) early induction (11); (C) remission with viral infection (7); (D) remission (64); (E) bone marrow relapsed (5); (F) extramedullary relapsed (3); (G) non-malignant pediatric controls (8). Bacteriocin reacted usually with groups A, B, C, E and not with groups D, F and G. Repeated testing correlated well with the clinical status. Blood from 7 patients in remission and from 3 normal individuals, each with transient viral infection, reacted with bacteriocin. A quantitative correlation between peripheral blood blasts or surface markers for ALL and bacteriocin reactivity was not established. Unexpected results were obtained only in 13% (false-positive 11% and false-negative 3%). This test can be recommended for preliminary diagnosis and possibly prognosis of lymphoblastic leukemia and provides means of monitoring progress during chemotherapy. PMID- 3475206 TI - Long-term evaluation of surgery followed by adjuvant adriamycin in osteogenic sarcoma. AB - From 1974 to 1978 29 consecutive patients with operable osteogenic sarcoma entered 2 successive clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin (ADM) alone. Following radical surgery the first group of 14 patients received ADM 75 mg/sqm q 4 weeks for a total of 8 doses, the second group received ADM 30 mg/sqm daily for 3 days every 4 weeks for a total of 6 cycles. All patients belonging to the first group underwent amputation or exarticulation, while in 4 of 15 of the second group a limb-sparing surgery was performed. Lung tomograms as well as bone scans were not mandatory in the initial work-up. Follow-up ranged from 7 to more than 11 years. Thirteen patients (45%) remain continuously relapse free survivors: 4 of 14 (28.5%) in the first group and 9 of 15 (60%) in the second group. This difference is not statistically significant. The longest free interval in the 16 patients relapsed was 32 months. Severe toxicity from ADM was observed in only 1 patient and consisted of reversible cardiomyopathy. ADM alone as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma achieved results comparable to those obtained by other contemporary more complex regimens of combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3475207 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of theophylline following two fluoroquinolones co administration. AB - Pretreatment for 3 days with oral ofloxacin or norfloxacin had no significant effect on the disposition of a single i.v. dose the theophylline in healthy volunteers. PMID- 3475208 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on rabbit renal prostaglandin E2 excretion: dependence on urinary flow. AB - The effects of dexamethasone on urinary PGE2 excretion (UPGE2V) were investigated in rabbits that had free or restricted access to water intake. Dexamethasone, administered by rate-controlled osmotic pumps, enhanced UPGE2V in relation with urinary flow (UV) and sodium excretion (UNaV), from 290.4 +/- 36.5 to 473.4 +/- 49.5 ng/day. Under conditions of water restriction, dexamethasone had no effect on UV and UNaV but reduced UPGE2V from 235.5 +/- 19.1 to 182.6 +/- 10.5 ng/day. It is concluded that: the rise in UPGE4V observed with dexamethasone was secondary to augmented UV or UNaV and urinary PG might not reflect renal synthesis during states of altered urinary flow. PMID- 3475209 TI - Regulatory roles of burst-promoting activity (BPA) from bone marrow cells during human regenerating hemopoiesis. AB - To clarify the regulatory roles of burst-promoting activity (BPA) in cases of in vivo erythropoiesis, we examined erythroid progenitors and BPA in 18 patients with a regenerating hemopoiesis following intensive chemotherapy. Marrow erythroid progenitors increased remarkably in these patients. Bone marrow conditioned medium (BMCM) and sera obtained from these patients revealed high levels of BPA. Serial examination of a typical case showed that BPA in BMCM and sera increased during regenerating hemopoiesis, but decreased when the hemopoiesis stabilized. Adherent cell depletion and treatment with monoclonal antibody (OKM1) reduced BPA production from the bone marrow cells, thereby suggesting that bone marrow macrophages are responsible for the BPA production. Fractionation of pooled BMCM with Amicon Diaflo membranes showed that the BPA was mainly present in the 30,000- to 50,000-dalton fraction. BPA in BMCM was heat labile, inactivated by trypsin and protease, but was not inactivated by neuraminidase. Pooled BMCM did not influence the growth of CFU-E-derived colonies. Our results suggest that to repair disturbed erythropoiesis, bone marrow macrophages produce BPA during regenerating hemopoiesis. PMID- 3475210 TI - Morphological changes related to ciliogenesis in the bronchial epithelium in experimental conditions and clinical course of disease. PMID- 3475212 TI - Giant mitochondria in acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Giant mitochondria were observed in 2 cases among 28 cases of ALL by electron microscopy. The cristae of the giant mitochondria in the leukemic cells were irregularly arranged, decreased in number, and formed concentric circles. Several morphological abnormalities were also observed in the normal mitochondria. Morphometric analysis of the mitochondria in the 2 patients disclosed that the sizes of mitochondria were well distributed from small to large and thus, the mitochondria could not be divided into different populations. Also, there were no clear differences in the distribution of shape between normal and giant mitochondria. These results suggest that the giant mitochondria were derived from normal mitochondria. Since they were observed before the initial treatment, they did not developed as a result of drug action. PMID- 3475211 TI - Enhancement of the responses of ascending tract cells in the cat spinal cord by acute inflammation of the knee joint. AB - Recordings were made from 16 ascending tract cells in the spinal cords of anaesthetized, spinalized cats before and after an acute arthritis was produced by injection of kaolin and carrageenan into the knee joint. The responses tested routinely were to passive flexion of the knee, an innocuous movement. In some cases, responses to other movements were also tested, and changes in background discharge rates were monitored. Control recordings for a period of 1 h or in 3 cases of 3 h indicated that the responses to flexion were reasonably stationary. Four tract cells that initially showed little or no response to flexion of the knee joint developed large responses within 1 to 2 h after inflammation of the joint. Another 9 cells were tested that had responses to flexion of the knee joint prior to inflammation. In 6 cases, inflammation produced enhanced static or transient responses. In 2 cases, the effect of flexion was initially inhibitory or variable, but after inflammation these cells showed large excitatory responses. In the other case, inflammation had no effect. Background discharges were increased by inflammation in 6 of these 9 cells. The effect of inflammation of the knee joint was tested on 3 tract cells that had no clearly defined receptive field in the knee. In 1 case, a response developed to knee flexion after acute inflammation was produced. In the other 2 cases, there were initially responses to knee flexion, but these were unchanged by inflammation. Two of the cells tested had bilateral receptive fields in or around the knee joints. Inflammation of one knee joint enhanced the responses to flexion of the same but not of the contralateral knee in one case but greatly increased the responses to flexion of both knees in the other case. Injections of prostaglandin (PGE2) caused an enhancement of the responses to knee flexion beyond that caused by inflammation in 5 of 7 cases. One cell whose responses to flexion of the knee were unaffected by inflammation showed inhibitory responses to prostaglandin injections into the inflamed knee joint. The effects of inflammation on the responses of ascending tract cells of the spinal cord appear to serve as a useful neural model of the events responsible for the development of arthritic pain. PMID- 3475213 TI - Prevalence of HBV, HDV and HIV infections among intravenous drug addicts in Greece. AB - The prevalence of HBV, HDV and HIV infection was studied in 288 imprisoned intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) and 329 controls. Commercially available radioimmunoassays for the detection of HBV and HDV serologic markers and enzyme immunoassays for IgM anti-HBc and anti-HIV were used. Anti-HIV positive results were confirmed by Western Blot. The prevalence of HBV serologic markers among IVDA (77.1%) was found considerably higher than among controls (22.5%). An increased prevalence of HBsAg carriers (6.9%) and anti-HBc alone positives (9.7%) was also found. IVDA carriers were more frequently HBeAg positive (25.0%) and HDV serologic markers were detected in 35.0% (7/20) of them. Anti-HIV were detected in 6 (2.1%) IVDA but in none control. These data show the widespread HBV and HDV infections among Greek IVDA and suggest the need for continuation of the initiated hepatitis B vaccination program. Anti-HIV prevalence is yet low. However there is urgent need for an extensive campaign to limit the further spread of the HIV among this high risk group. PMID- 3475214 TI - Colony inhibiting factor in mature granulocytes from normal individuals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Inhibitory activity in extract from human blood granulocytes was tested on granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in vitro. The inhibition depended on the type of serum used. With mouse BMC and FCS in the cultures, extract corresponding to 2.5 X 10(4) granulocytes/ml reduced the colony number by 35%, and extract from 2 X 10(5) cells caused maximal inhibition (80-90%). With HS and mouse BMC the colony number was reduced by only 11-12%, but stronger inhibition (55%) was observed when the serum concentration was reduced. With both types of sera the total cell number per culture plate was reduced relatively more than the colony number. Human GM-CFC were as sensitive as mouse GM-CFC, and extract from CML granulocytes inhibited less (p less than 0.01) than extract from normal cells. Biochemical studies indicated that the inhibitor is a protein with a molecular weight of 30-60,000. Lactoferrin, a putative inhibitor of CSF production, did not inhibit spontaneous or CSF-induced colony formation in these studies. PMID- 3475215 TI - Ultrastructural features in 100 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - Ultrastructural features thought to be significant in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have been examined in 100 cases entered into the Medical Research Council 9th AML Trial. It is concluded that, of the features examined, only rarely is there a striking correlation with diagnosis which could be usefully employed with confidence. This is a consequence of there being both a large overlap of similar ultrastructural features between the different sub-types of the disease and also wide variations in ultrastructure within the conventionally diagnosed sub-types of AML. Thus the similarities between cells from different cases which allow them to be classified by light microscopy do not necessarily extend to the ultrastructural level. However, it is suggested that a classification on ultrastructural grounds might have a prognostic significance which would only be revealed by a long-term study. PMID- 3475216 TI - Influence of prostaglandins on the lipid transfer between human high density and low density lipoproteins. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) E1 was demonstrated to stimulate the transfer of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol esters from human high density lipoproteins (HDL3) to low density lipoproteins (LDL). The enhancement effect of PGE1 on the interlipoprotein lipid transfer was seen at low PG concentrations under conditions of spontaneous exchange as well as in the presence of lipoprotein depleted plasma, or partly purified plasma lipid exchange protein. PGE2 and PGF2 alpha showed no significant influence on the interlipoprotein lipid transfer. Evidence is presented suggesting that the PGE1-induced stimulation of interlipoprotein lipid exchange results in enhancement of LCAT-catalyzed cholesterol esterification in plasma. It is proposed that the effect of PGE1 is due to the previously described PGE1-induced reorganization of the HDL surface [(1984) FEBS Lett. 173, 291-293] and that PG-lipoprotein interaction may be a factor regulating cholesterol homeostasis. PMID- 3475217 TI - Controlled ovulation in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) with human chorionic gonadotropin following prostaglandin-induced luteal regression. AB - Controlled induction of ovulation in the marmoset monkey was attempted with a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 50 IU) given on day 7 after prostaglandin-induced luteal regression. Animals given hCG (n = 12) ovulated within a 2-day period (days 9 and 10 after prostaglandin) compared with a 4-day period (days 9 to 12) in the control group (n = 12). The mean interval to ovulation was similar in both groups. There was no difference in the timing of the preovulatory estradiol (E2) peak between groups, although E2 levels on the day of hCG injection were lower than in controls on the day of the onset of the luteinizing hormone surge. All animals given hCG ovulated and 11 of 12 became pregnant. Ten of 11 embryos recovered surgically from six of these animals were normal blastocysts; 5 of the remaining 6 animals carried pregnancies to term. The results are of practical importance for experiments involving follicular and oocyte maturation and the collection and transfer of embryos. PMID- 3475219 TI - Full-mouth reconstruction: fixed removable. PMID- 3475218 TI - [Lips and gingiva--the outer framework of the teeth. The patient's face show that harmony of tooth shape is not enough]. PMID- 3475220 TI - Anterior guidance and aesthetics in prosthodontics. AB - Aesthetic determinants in prosthodontics are related to imprecise and often vague objective and subjective factors. Anatomic and functional studies indicate parameters of form, position, and contour of anterior teeth and the incisal guide angle. The final aesthetic composition is best determined by a continuing, ongoing evaluation designed to help the patients actively develop a perception of their own self-image and aesthetic potential. Incisal guide factors are determined independently of condylar elements. The final occlusal scheme is developed and coordinated with both the condylar and incisal guide elements. PMID- 3475221 TI - Differential diagnosis. Fixed or removable prosthesis. AB - These clinical cases demonstrate that the choice for fixed or removable prostheses is a complex decision. The factors to be evaluated include the patient's past dental history of treatment and self-care, the patient's state of health, the patient's psychologic motivation and personality profile, her or his economic status, and, finally, the dentist's skill and available consultative services. Ultimately, the patient must become a cotherapist and be given the opportunity to participate in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and after care. The cases presented here also demonstrate the use of short-term, immediate, interim provisional, and long-term definitive prostheses that may be used for fixed or removable prostheses. These choices require the dentist to make exquisite judgments about the users of fixed or removable prosthesis, especially if a patient is phobic about wearing removable prostheses. Fortunately, the state of the art in implant prostheses has advanced so favorably that the choices are now between fixed, removable, or implant prostheses. PMID- 3475222 TI - Biopsychosocial factors of the temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome. Relevance to restorative dentistry. AB - The biomedical and psychological models have failed to provide reliable diagnostic or treatment methods for TMPDS. A social dimension that combines salient physical and psychological data is an improvement over previous approaches to the problem. This article shows how biopsychosocial data can be applied to patients with TMPDS. PMID- 3475223 TI - Effect of dimethylsulfoxide and hexamethylene bisacetamide on the JOK-1 hairy cell leukemia derived cell line propagated in the nude mouse. AB - The JOK-1 hairy cell leukemia derived cell line has been propagated as a subcutaneous tumor in nude mice. After the tumor had been serially transplanted for at least two successive generations, mice were treated with either dimethylsulfoxide or hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). These agents have been shown to induce terminal leukemic cell differentiation in vitro. Our results indicated that these agents had an in vivo growth inhibitory effect, with HMBA exerting a dose-dependent response. Histopathological examination revealed massive areas of necrosis with no overt signs of cellular differentiation. These data suggest that in vitro inducers of differentiation may act via another mechanism in vivo. PMID- 3475224 TI - Recombinant DNA manipulations and their interfaces with protein technology. AB - In recent years molecular biologists have learnt to mimic and exploit the natural processes of cell biology which are based on the fundamental principle that the amino acid sequence of a protein is encoded within the nucleotide sequence of DNA in its gene. The resultant set of novel methodologies, termed recombinant DNA technology, or genetic engineering, has revolutionized the study of almost all branches of biology and has presented radical new methods of producing proteins otherwise available only in very small quantities. Central technical features of the recombinant DNA technology are the ability to isolate and propagate individual genes from natural sources, and to express into the protein products the information intrinsic to such genes, using the most appropriate biological production systems (e.g. bacteria, yeast or cultured mammalian cells). Embracing powerful analytical techniques such as DNA sequencing, and novel gene manipulations based on chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, the recombinant DNA technology is now having substantial impact on analytical and preparative protein technologies. The contemporary integrated approach to protein engineering involves not only protein chemistry and tools such as antibodies, but also has a dynamic interactive contribution from the recombinant DNA technology and its gene manipulation and expression skills. This integrated approach is particularly relevant to blood components such as clotting factors, antibodies, hormones and other proteins or peptides of powerful biological activity and specificity. Current work is focussed on the large-scale production of individual proteins as well as the molecular dissection of their biological actions and the development of products displaying novel biological activity. PMID- 3475225 TI - From laboratory bench to production scale. PMID- 3475226 TI - Control of therapeutic goods produced by recombinant DNA technology. AB - The Therapeutics Division of the Commonwealth Department of Health is responsible for ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of rDNA products intended for human therapeutic use in Australia. The National Biological Standards Laboratory evaluates information on production and quality control submitted by manufacturers, and the Drug Evaluation Section examines the clinical safety and efficacy aspects of product applications. rDNA production methods are considered to be biological processes requiring control of source materials, production methods, and final product for adequate quality assurance of products. The Department has recently prepared guidelines on appropriate methods of manufacture and testing of rDNA products and the requirements for product applications. The guidelines emphasize several areas of particular regulatory concern with rDNA derived products, including non-identity with the equivalent natural protein and contamination with host cell components. PMID- 3475227 TI - Cell proliferation of the rat gastrointestinal mucosa after treatment with E2 prostaglandins and indomethacin. AB - The frequency of arrested mitoses after vincristine injection was studied in the gastrointestinal mucosa of rats treated with either natural prostaglandin E2 (0.2 5.0 mg X kg-1, b.d.), 15-R-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 (2 mg X kg-1, b.d.) or indomethacin (1.0-3.0 mg X kg-1, b.d.). In addition to the mitotic index, morphometric measurements including the mucosal thickness and the thickness of the proliferative and functional zones of the gastric corpus, antrum and jejunum were performed. Natural prostaglandin E2, at the highest dose range, reduced significantly the mitotic index in the gastric antrum. Normal values were found in the gastric corpus and jejunum and in the antrum with the lower doses. The mitotic index was unaffected by treatment with 15-R-15 methyl prostaglandin E2. Natural prostaglandin E2 produced trophic changes (i.e. increased thickness and/or hyperplasia) in the antrum, functional epithelial zone of the gastric corpus and in the jejunum. More pronounced trophic changes were observed in the mucosa of rats treated with the analogue. Indomethacin reduced the mucosal thickness in all examined epithelia and lowered the mitotic index in the jejunum. It is concluded that the trophic effects of E2 prostaglandins on gastrointestinal epithelia are not caused by increased production of new cells. The reduced mitotic index observed in the antral mucosa of prostaglandin-treated rats could be secondary to a negative feedback from the hyperplastic epithelium. The antitrophic effects of the prostaglandin-synthesis blocker (indomethacin) indicates that endogenous prostaglandins may participate in the epithelial cell regulation of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3475228 TI - Sulfation of glycolipids by human gastric mucosa in disease. AB - The activity levels of sulfotransferase enzymes involved in the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to mucosal membrane and mucus gel glycolipids were studied in fundic and antral mucosal biopsies of patients with severe and chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. With sulfotransferase which catalyzes the sulfation of mucus triglucosyl glyceroglucolipid increase in enzyme activity over the control was observed in patients with chronic and severe gastritis, and gastric atrophy, while a decrease in activity was noted in patients with gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The differences were significant at p less than 0.001 for severe gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The increase in activity of sulfotransferase enzyme involved in the sulfation of membrane galactosylceramide over the control was observed in antral and fundic mucosa of all patients. Significant (p less than 0.001) differences were found in patients with severe gastritis, gastric atrophy and gastric ulcer. The results indicate that considerable changes in the activities of the mucosal sulfotransferase enzymes involved in the synthesis of membrane and secretory sulfolipids occur in gastric disease. PMID- 3475229 TI - Experimental studies on reproduction with the lipid-regulating agent gemfibrozil. AB - Gemfibrozil, a new lipid-regulating agent, was evaluated in rats and rabbits for effects on various phases of the reproduction process. In teratology studies groups of pregnant rats and rabbits received gemfibrozil at doses up to 200 mg/kg during organogenesis (rat, Days 6-15; rabbit, days 6-18). For peri- and postnatal studies, groups of pregnant rats were given 92 or 331 mg/kg from Day 15 of gestation through weaning. In fertility studies groups of sexually mature male rats were given 93 or 326 mg/kg of gemfibrozil for 61 days and females were given 94 or 318 mg/kg for 15 days prior to mating within treatment groups. Drug administration continued in females through gestation and weaning of the F1 offspring. In subsequent fertility experiments, treated male rats were mated with untreated females and treated females were cohabitated with untreated males. Gemfibrozil did not elicit a teratogenic response in either rats or rabbits up to doses that resulted in maternal toxicity. Reduced pup weights during the neonatal and weaning periods in the female fertility study as well as in the perinatal postnatal study were the only apparent drug effect. Treatment of female rats prior to mating had no significant effects on general reproductive parameters. Male rats given doses of about 300 mg/kg/day showed inconsistent and equivocal lower rates of fertility relative to the concurrent controls. No adverse effects were seen in the reproductive performance of offspring of gemfibrozil-treated male rats. PMID- 3475230 TI - Isotretinoin-associated proctosigmoiditis. AB - A 17-yr-old boy developed acute proctosigmoiditis after the institution of isotretinoin for the treatment of cystic acne vulgaris. Painless diarrhea, accompanied by mucus and eventually blood, began within days of commencing treatment and persisted while the drug was administered. At sigmoidoscopy patchy mucosal inflammation associated with numerous discrete aphthous ulcers was seen, apparently restricted to the rectosigmoid. Histologic examination of the affected mucosa revealed an acute focal superficial inflammatory infiltrate. Withdrawal of the drug resulted in prompt resolution of symptoms and a reduction in the severity of the inflammation. Rechallenge with isotretinoin induced a second, almost identical, attack of proctosigmoiditis. Withdrawal was again followed by disappearance of symptoms, and a subsequent sigmoidoscopy and mucosal biopsy were normal. The patient has remained clinically well for 16 mo after his initial presentation. Although the pathogenesis of the colonic mucosal inflammation remains unknown, the relationship of the bouts of proctosigmoiditis to the administration of isotretinoin strongly suggests that the drug was directly responsible. PMID- 3475231 TI - [Comparison between prostaglandin E2 gel and oxytocin in medically indicated labor induction]. AB - The use of prostaglandins (PG) increasingly replaces the "classical" method of induction of labour by means of oxytocin and amniotomy, the last-named method being associated, especially in women with an unripe cervix, with side effects like prolonged labour and a higher rate of obstetric surgery. In this study the point of interest was whether prostaglandins offer any advantages over the classical method in respect of efficacy and maternal and foetal tolerance. 99 patients subdivided into primiparae and multiparae were randomly assigned to group A or B. In group A labour was induced with 1 mg resp. 2 mg PGE2 intravaginally at an interval of 6 hours. In group B the method of induction consisted of intravenous oxytocin and amniotomy. The success rate of induction was almost equal in both groups. However, in those patients where PGE2 induction did not succeed and who could not be delivered within 12 hours the cervical score was significantly improved in comparison to the oxytocin group. Based on the experience reported in the literature, one might speculate that an increased dosage could still improve the results of vaginally administered PGE2 gel. PMID- 3475232 TI - Linkage of the steroid sulfatase gene to the sex-reversed mutation in the mouse. AB - Dosage studies and the inheritance pattern of the gene for steroid sulfatase (Sts) in the mouse have previously provided indirect evidence for a functional Y linked allele which recombines obligatorily with its X-linked allele in male meiosis. In this study, we have investigated the linkage relationship of Sts and the sex-reversed mutation (Sxr), a gene which is known to reside in the pairing region of the Y chromosome. The results clearly demonstrate that Sxr and Sts are linked in a region of obligatory recombination and Sts maps proximal to Sxr with most recombinants occurring proximal to the two genes. PMID- 3475233 TI - The cDNA sequence and gene analysis of the human pim oncogene. AB - The putative oncogene pim-1 is frequently activated by provirus insertion in MuLV induced T cell lymphomas in mice. By analogy with other cellular oncogenes that are similarly activated (e.g., myc, myb, erbB) it is possible that pim-1 may also be involved in some human tumors. To study human pim-1 we cloned and sequenced human pim-1 cDNA clones. The human pim-1 codes for a protein of 313 amino acids (aa) which is highly homologous (94%) to the deduced amino acid sequence of mouse pim-1. All the mouse pim-1 residues which are homologous to protein kinases are conserved in the human pim-1. We also isolated the human pim-1 gene and mapped it relative to the cDNA. The RNA transcript of human pim-1 is approx. 3.0 kb and it is highly expressed in the erythroleukemia cell line K562. PMID- 3475234 TI - CA 125 antigen is an effective diagnostic for external endometriosis. AB - We measured serum levels of CA 125 in 26 patients with external endometriosis, using CA 125 RIA Kits. The normal range was instituted below 39 U/ml. The mean CA 125 level (+/- SD) was 55.1 +/- 24.9 U/ml in patients with external endometriosis, the positive rate being 71.4%. Considering the clinical stage of external endometriosis, the mean CA 125 level and positive rate increased to 64.5 +/- 23.2 U/ml and 93.3%, respectively. The CA 125 levels in these patients gradually decreased after surgery and/or Danazol treatment and the levels were below 39 U/ml within four weeks. Thus, progressive external endometriosis can be accurately diagnosed by determining the serum levels of CA 125, and appropriate clinical treatment designed. PMID- 3475235 TI - [Correction of overbite by the edgewise technic]. PMID- 3475236 TI - [Is orthodontic correction in late cases of Angle class II(2) possible with functional orthodontic appliances?]. PMID- 3475237 TI - [Prevention of dental caries in orthodontic therapy: synthetic orthodontic materials with fluoride-storing function]. PMID- 3475238 TI - [The lower incisor as the object of extraction]. PMID- 3475239 TI - [Facial morphology in operated unilateral lip-jaw-palate clefts--a roentgen cephalometric study]. PMID- 3475240 TI - [Computer-assisted analysis of lateral teleroentgen images]. PMID- 3475241 TI - [Myofunctional therapy in cleft lip-jaw-palate patients]. PMID- 3475242 TI - [Index cards as a means of treatment control]. PMID- 3475243 TI - [Acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (AIDS). I. Biologic principles]. AB - AIDS is a transmissible immunodeficiency syndrome which has first been observed less than a decade ago and since that time has spread in an epidemic manner. Usually it manifests itself by opportunistic infections and/or neoplasias. After courses of a few years, approximately 100% of cases have a lethal outcome. Sometimes, neuropsychiatric disturbances are the presenting symptoms and signs of AIDS. One of the first important observations was, that certain behavioural patterns such as homosexuality and intravenous drug abuse were apparently associated with a high risk for acquiring AIDS. The occurrence of AIDS in a number of haemophiliacs and recipients of blood transfusions suggested an important role of the haematogenous route of transmission. Not more than two years after the first clinical reports on AIDS a retrovirus was identified as the etiological agent. On the basis of different criteria this retrovirus can be classified as a slow virus. Subsequently, virological tests were developed which allowed an early diagnosis of this viral infection, even prior to the evolution of clinical symptoms. Immunological features of this new syndrome include disturbances of cellular as well as humoral immune functions. As we have no effective chemotherapy for AIDS and the successful development of a vaccine is delayed by a number of virological problems, it is of special importance to prevent transmission of the disease. PMID- 3475244 TI - Acute granular lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 3475246 TI - Application of cloned satellite DNA sequences to molecular-cytogenetic analysis of constitutive heterochromatin heteromorphisms in man. AB - The cloned alpha-satellite DNA sequences were used to evaluate the specificity and possible variability of repetitive DNA in constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes. Five probes with high specificity to individual chromosomes (chromosomes 3, 11, 17, 18, and X) were in situ hybridized to metaphase chromosomes of different individuals. The stable position of alpha-satellite DNA sequences in heterochromatic regions of particular chromosomes was found. Therefore, the chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA sequences may be used as molecular markers for heterochromatic regions of certain human chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes of many individuals were characterized by cytologically visible heteromorphisms of hybridization intensity with chromosome-specific alpha satellite DNA sequences. A special analysis of hybridization between homologues with morphological differences provided the evidence for a high resolution power of the in situ hybridization technique for evaluation of chromosome heteromorphisms. The approaches for detection of heteromorphisms in cases without morphological differences between homologues are discussed. The results obtained indicate that constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes has a variable amount of alpha-satellite DNA sequences. In situ hybridization of cloned satellite DNA sequences may be used as a new general approach to analysis of chromosome heteromorphisms in man. PMID- 3475245 TI - Chromosome analysis of spermatozoa from a male heterozygous for a 13;14 Robertsonian translocation. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of 78 spermatozoa from a man heterozygous for a t(13;14) Robertsonian translocation was performed. R banding was applied for chromosomal identification. Incidence of normal and balanced complements were respectively 50% and 41.3%. Six unbalanced complements (7.7%) were observed, resulting from adjacent segregation. Although alternate segregation is the most common mode of distribution, the possibility of producing unbalanced zygotes exists. The frequency of abnormalities unrelated to the translocation was 16.5% including 12.8% hypohaploidy, 2.5% hyperhaploidy, and 1.2% of structural aberrations. An excess of t(13;14) X complements was observed (24 with X versus 14 with Y). This may result from the close association between trivalent (13;14) and X chromosome observed in the pachytene spermatocyte nucleus. PMID- 3475247 TI - Exclusion of the Friedreich ataxia gene from chromosome 19. AB - Friedreich ataxia, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is an autosomal recessive disease with a carrier frequency of 1/110 in the United Kingdom. The pathophysiological basis for the disease is not known and the chromosomal location of the mutation remains unidentified. As part of an attempt to map the mutation using linked DNA markers, we demonstrate that the Friedreich ataxia gene is excluded from human chromosome 19. This study also demonstrates that the insulin receptor, which maps to chromosome 19 and may be associated with abnormal biochemical features in some patients, is not the basic defect. PMID- 3475248 TI - Constitutional Robertsonian T(15;22) in Ph-positive CML. AB - Chromosome studies in a phenotypically normal 40-year-old man with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and a constitutional Robertsonian translocation are reported. The possibility of carriers of Robertsonian translocations having an increased risk to develop Ph-positive CML is mentioned. PMID- 3475249 TI - Effect of ofloxacin on Treponema pallidum in incubating experimental syphilis. PMID- 3475250 TI - Pulmonary leukostasis in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3475251 TI - Chronic granulocytic leukemia in children. PMID- 3475252 TI - [Orthodontics for adults]. PMID- 3475253 TI - [Effect of laboratory finishing technics and the mechanical properties of dental ceramic]. PMID- 3475254 TI - [Health care equipment in response to the orodental needs of the elderly]. PMID- 3475255 TI - [Periotest: a new electronic evaluation method of tooth mobility]. PMID- 3475256 TI - [Ana 2000: an alloy for amalgams very high in copper]. PMID- 3475257 TI - [Esthetic dentistry and responsibility]. PMID- 3475258 TI - [The 6th-year tooth]. PMID- 3475259 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren's disease]. PMID- 3475260 TI - [Brushing efficacy with an original brush with retractable tufts]. PMID- 3475261 TI - [Periodontal curettage]. PMID- 3475262 TI - [Macrophotographic study of vestibular enamel cracks in the incisor-canine group; effect of parafunctions]. PMID- 3475263 TI - [Laterally positioned flap with periosteal stimulation on a denuded root after the use of citric acid. Report of a case 1 year postoperatively]. PMID- 3475264 TI - The treatment of Darier's disease: an update. PMID- 3475265 TI - Differential surface marker expression in patients with CD-16+ lymphoproliferative disorders: in vivo model for NK differentiation. AB - In this study, we report on three patients, each with a CD-16+ lymphoproliferative disorder. Peripheral blood lymphocyte from all three patients were evaluated for lymphocyte morphology, natural killer (NK) function, and surface marker expression. In addition, two-color flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the phenotype of the CD-16+ cells. Our findings indicate that the presence of increased numbers of CD-16+ cells alone is not a good predictor of NK activity. However, we observed a differential expression of the HLA class II molecules DR and DQ on the CD-16+ cells obtained from these patients that was associated with NK function. Hence, a CD-16+, Leu-7-, Leu-19+ (NKH-1A) and HLA class II+ phenotype did correlate with NK function in contrast to a CD 16+, Leu-7+, Leu-19- (NKH-1A) and HLA class II- phenotype. Of importance was the fact that the CD-16+, HLA class II+ cells did not express CD-25 or TFR, nor did they mediate cytotoxicity against solid tumor targets, suggesting that these CD 16+ cells are not activated. Thus, in contrast to previous studies of NK ontogeny that utilized in vitro activated NK cells, studies of patients with CD-16+ lymphoproliferative disorders may provide an alternative approach for examining NK differentiation. PMID- 3475266 TI - Pulmonary aspergillosis in a horse with myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia was diagnosed in a 2-year-old Standardbred mare that had hind limb edema and fever unresponsive to antibiotics. The mare had anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis, with circulating myeloblasts and monocytoid cells. A bone marrow specimen was hypercellular, with myeloblasts and monocytoid cells. Peroxidase, chloroacetate esterase, and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activities were detected in many bone marrow cells. Interstitial pulmonary densities were seen radiographically. The mare was euthanatized and necropsied. Infiltrates of leukemic cells were found microscopically in specimens of spleen, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Granulomas containing fungal hyphae were seen microscopically in the lungs, and Aspergillus sp was isolated from the lesions. PMID- 3475267 TI - The adverse effects of fluoroquinolones. PMID- 3475268 TI - Ofloxacin and antacids. PMID- 3475269 TI - Factors influencing mechanical performance of neonatal high-frequency ventilators. AB - Factors influencing the mechanical performance of neonatal high-frequency ventilators of diverse design were assessed under controlled conditions. Each of eight ventilators was coupled to in vitro models of the neonatal respiratory system simulating disease of varying severity. The principal performance characteristics examined were frequency dependence and load dependence of tidal volume delivered, peak inspiratory flow rate, and waveforms of pressure at either end of the endotracheal tube. Despite wide diversity of ventilator designs, including jets, flow interrupters, and oscillators, common features emerged. In almost all devices tidal volume increased with endotracheal tube size, was invariant with respiratory system compliance, and decreased with frequency of oscillation. Peak inspiratory flow rates for a given tidal volume and frequency were smallest in the group of oscillators compared with jets and flow interrupters. Proximal pressure was a poor indicator of distal pressure. These findings suggest that delivered tidal volume may be sensitive to endotracheal tube size and airway patency but relatively insensitive to changes in lung tissue or chest wall mechanical properties. In these regards high-frequency ventilation differs from pressure-limited conventional mechanical ventilation. Comparison of data obtained at different clinical centers using high-frequency ventilators of varying design may be possible by taking these factors into account. PMID- 3475270 TI - An apparatus for altering the mechanical load of the respiratory system. AB - We describe an apparatus for altering the mechanical load against which the respiratory muscles operate in humans. A closed system incorporates a rolling seal spirometer. The spirometer piston shaft is coupled to a fast-responding linear actuator that develops force in proportion to desired command signals. The command signal may be flow (resistive loading or unloading), volume (elastic loading or unloading), constant voltage (continuous positive or negative pressure), or any external function. Combinations of loads can be applied. Logic circuits permit application of the load at specific times during the respiratory cycle, and the magnitude of the loads is continuously adjustable. Maximum pressure output is +/- 20 cmH2O. The apparatus permits loading or unloading over a range of ventilation extending from resting levels to those observed during high levels of exercise (over 100 l/min). In response to a square-wave input, pressure rises exponentially with a time constant of 20 ms. PMID- 3475271 TI - Transductional analysis of chloramphenicol biosynthesis genes in Streptomyces venezuelae. AB - Auxotrophs isolated from two chloramphenicol-nonproducing mutants of Streptomyces venezuelae included three requiring pyridoxal (Pxl-), VS248 (cml-11 pdx-2), VS253 (cml-11 pdx-3), and VS258 (cml-12 pdx-4), and one requiring thiosulfate, VS263 (cml-12 cys-28). Results of SV1-mediated transductions were consistent with the relative marker order cys-28-cml-12-cml-11-pdx-2,3,4,5, all of which were cotransducible and must therefore span less than 45 kilobases of DNA, the approximate length of DNA packaged by SV1. cys-28 was also cotransducible with arg-4 and arg-6, but arg and pdx were not cotransducible. Results of crosses with donors carrying any one of 11 cml mutations were consistent with the location of all cml mutations between cys-28 and pdx markers. Also, a new Pxl- auxotroph (pdx 6) and two new Cml- mutants were recovered after localized hydroxylamine mutagenesis of a cys-28 cml+ strain derived from VS263 by transduction. PMID- 3475272 TI - Genome structure in Streptomyces spp.: adjacent genes on the S. coelicolor A3(2) linkage map have cotransducible analogs in S. venezuelae. AB - Cotransduction analysis in Streptomyces venezuelae with the generalized transducing phage SV1 showed that several pairs of likely analogs of markers that are adjacent on the conjugational linkage map of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) were cotransducible and therefore physically close together. This supports the contention that taxonomically distinct "species" of Streptomyces are genetically closely related. PMID- 3475273 TI - Amine N-sulfotransferase. AB - A highly purified amine N-sulfotransferase has been isolated from guinea pig liver that catalyzes sulfuryl group transfer from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5' phosphosulfate to one of a large number of either primary or secondary amines forming the appropriate sulfamate and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. Amines as different as aniline, 2-naphthylamine, octylamine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, desmethylimipramine, and cyclohexylamine serve as acceptors; the product of the last of these substrates is the sugar substitute cyclamate. Amine N-sulfotransferase activity is dependent on the presence of an unprotonated amino group. The purified enzyme preparation also has O-sulfotransferase activities, suggesting that transfer to oxygen could represent an intrinsic function of the N-sulfotransferase. PMID- 3475274 TI - Ferritin synthesis in differentiating Friend erythroleukemic cells. AB - We have investigated the regulation of ferritin synthesis during induction of Friend erythroleukemic cells by dimethyl sulfoxide. Northern blot analysis shows that mouse ferritin H and L mRNAs each contain approximately 1.1 kilobases. The levels of both mRNAs increase after addition of dimethyl sulfoxide in a biphasic manner. After a sharp rise in the first 6 h, the levels decline and then rise again over the next 90 h. These increases in mRNA levels reflect increased transcription of both mRNAs. Analysis of ferritin subunit synthesis surprisingly showed no corresponding increase in the rate of protein synthesis, suggesting that the additional mRNA was not in functional polysomes. These studies also indicated a novel processing of mouse ferritin H subunits. H subunits appear to be synthesized as a precursor of approximately 22,500. This form is not present in mature shells. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the precursor is first processed to an intermediate form of 20,000 and then to the 18,000 component found in functional shells. PMID- 3475275 TI - Synthesis of globin RNA in enucleated differentiating murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - In an earlier report (Volloch, V., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 83:1208 1212) we had presented evidence for the occurrence of the cytoplasmic synthesis of globin mRNA and of RNA complementary to globin mRNA which differed from DNA dependent transcription by its insensitivity to actinomycin D. In this paper, we describe the use of enucleated differentiating mouse erythroleukemia cells to demonstrate directly the occurrence of cytoplasmic synthesis of both positive- and negative-strand globin RNA. For this purpose, we developed an enucleation procedure which yielded pure cytoplasts from differentiated mouse erythroleukemia cells in the absence of cytochalasin B and selectively permeabilized the cytoplasts to small molecules by treatment with dextran sulfate and saponin. The permeabilized cytoplasts incorporated [3H]dUTP into positive- and negative-strand globin RNA and experiments with mercurated nucleotide substrate suggested that this process involved de novo RNA synthesis rather than limited terminal nucleotide addition. Globin RNA synthesis required Mg++, was inhibited by Mn++, and was unaffected by the addition of Zn++. Studies of its response to inhibitors of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis showed that it differed from that process in its insensitivity to actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin, but that like many other macromolecular biosynthetic reactions it was inhibited by rifamycin AF/ABDP and aurintricarboxylic acid. These observations provide additional evidence for the occurrence of cytoplasmic RNA-dependent RNA synthesis in differentiated cells and show permeabilized enucleated cells to be a useful experimental system for further studies of the characteristics of that process. PMID- 3475276 TI - Osteoblasts synthesize and respond to transforming growth factor-type beta (TGF beta) in vitro. AB - Transforming growth factor-type beta (TGF-beta) has been identified as a constituent of bone matrix (Seyedin, S. M., A. Y. Thompson, H. Bentz, D. M. Rosen, J. M. McPherson, A. Conti, N. R. Siegel, G. R. Gallupi, and K. A. Piez, 1986, J. Biol. Chem. 261:5693-5695). We used both developing bone and bone forming cells in vitro to demonstrate the cellular origin of this peptide. TGF beta mRNA was detected by Northern analysis in both developing bone tissue and fetal bovine bone-forming cells using human cDNA probes. TGF-beta was shown to be synthesized and secreted by metabolically labeled bone cell cultures by immunoprecipitation from the medium. Further, TGF-beta activity was demonstrated in conditioned media from these cultures by competitive radioreceptor and growth promotion assays. Fetal bovine bone cells (FBBC) were found to have relatively few TGF-beta receptors (5,800/cell) with an extremely low Kd of 2.2 pM (high binding affinity). In contrast to its inhibitory effects on the growth of many cell types including osteosarcoma cell lines, TGF-beta stimulated the growth of subconfluent cultures of FBBC; it had little effect on the production of collagen by these cells. We conclude that bone-forming cells are a source for the TGF-beta that is found in bone, and that these cells may be modulated by this factor in an autocrine fashion. PMID- 3475277 TI - Beta-type transforming growth factor specifies organizational behavior in vascular smooth muscle cell cultures. AB - In culture, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) grow in a "hill-and-valley" (multilayered) pattern of organization. We have studied the growth, behavioral organization, and biosynthetic phenotype of rat aortic SMC exposed to purified platelet-derived growth regulatory molecules. We show that multilayered growth is not a constitutive feature of cultured SMC, and that beta-type transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is the primary determinant of multilayered growth and the hill-and-valley pattern of organization diagnostic for SMC in culture. TGF beta inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the serum- or platelet-derived growth factor-mediated proliferation of these cells in two-dimensional culture, but only when cells were plated at subconfluent densities. The ability of TGF-beta to inhibit SMC growth was inversely correlated to plating cell density. When SMC were plated at monolayer density (5 X 10(4) cells/cm2) to allow maximal cell-to cell contact, TGF-beta potentiated cell growth. This differential response of SMC to TGF-beta may contribute to the hill-and-valley pattern of organization. Unlike its effect on other cell types, TGF-beta did not enhance the synthesis of fibronectin or its incorporation into the extracellular matrix. However, the synthesis of a number of other secreted proteins was altered by TGF-beta treatment. SMC treated with TGF-beta for 4 or 8 h secreted markedly enhanced amounts of an Mr 38,000-D protein doublet whose synthesis is known to be increased by heparin (another inhibitor of SMC growth), suggesting metabolic similarities between heparin- and TGF-beta-mediated SMC growth inhibition. The data suggest that TGF-beta may play an important and complex regulatory role in SMC proliferation and organization during development and after vascular injury. PMID- 3475279 TI - The nursing care plan: monitoring for quality. PMID- 3475278 TI - Development of a standard of time-effective patient assessment during blood transfusion. PMID- 3475280 TI - The seasonal risk of pediatric/juvenile acute lymphocytic leukemia in the United States. AB - Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) occurring in pediatric and juvenile patients of nine U.S.A. locations during 1973 through 1980 was investigated by epidemiologic methodology. Time series periodic regression analysis of the monthly cumulative risk for ages 0-19 years revealed evidence of trimodal periodicity at seven of the nine locations tested. Combined analyses revealed a significant effect of latitude in causing asynchrony of the trimodal patterns observed. The average risk maxima occurred in April, August, and December for U.S.A. locations with latitude above 40 degrees (Seattle, Nebraska, Iowa, Detroit, and Connecticut), and in February, July, and October for other locations (San Francisco, Utah, New Mexico, and Atlanta). Because periodic regression analysis is a complex method, independent validation tests were performed to supplement the original results. Here, the best symmetric trimodal sine curve model of each location was utilized to predict the average pattern among the remaining locations of similar latitude. These validation tests supported the existence of similar trimodal patterns for all of the southern locations, and all of the northern locations except Connecticut. The observed peaks in monthly ALL risk coincide with seasonal elevations in the rates of allergenic and infectious diseases, elements of which are capable of promoting lymphocytic proliferation and transformation. Annual disease rates were significantly lower in populations with a high proportion of Blacks or American Indians compared to predominantly Caucasian populations. The possibility that seasonal factors (environmental allergens and/or infectious agents) promote leukomogenesis via indirect mechanisms is briefly discussed. PMID- 3475282 TI - Shape and function of the unilateral cleft nose in adolescents following modified Millard lip repair. AB - 24 patients with unilateral clefts operated on (at age of 6 months) according to the Millard (1964) procedure were examined at an average age of 10.1 years. Nasal shape and function were evaluated. No change of nasal shape was found during the observation period. The results were superior to those attained by the author with the Tennison-Trauner (1952, 1957) procedure in 6 cases. 13 of the Millard (1964) cases are not expected to need secondary nasal correction at a later date. PMID- 3475281 TI - Enzyme immunoassay using a novel recombinant polypeptide to detect human immunodeficiency virus env antibody. AB - A unique antigen, CBre3, has been synthesized from a genetically engineered clone to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) env antibodies with high sensitivity and specificity. The antigen contains sequences derived from both envelope proteins of HIV, i.e., gp120 and gp41, and was purified free of Escherichia coli proteins detectable by Coomassie stain or immunoblotting with E. coli antiserum. The purified recombinant polypeptides were used as antigen in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to screen serum samples from healthy and HIV-infected individuals. The same samples were also tested by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) for gp120 and gp160 HIV antibodies. All samples containing gp120 and gp160 antibodies by RIP had CBre3 EIA values greater than 0.35 (n, 122; range, 0.37 to 2.1+; median, 1.65). All RIP HIV antibody-negative samples had CBre3 EIA values less than 0.25 (n, 140; mean, 0.052; standard deviation, 0.045; range, 0.00 to 0.22). The endpoint titer of a standard positive control serum was 1:10,000 by RIP and by CBre3 EIA. The assay was 100% accurate in three proficiency panels. It easily detected six samples from individuals whose infections were confirmed by culture; these samples were reactive only with p24 by Western blot. The samples also were positive for gp120 and gp160 antibodies by RIP. These data suggest that the CBre3 EIA can detect env antibodies as sensitively and specifically as RIP and with more sensitivity than Western blot. PMID- 3475283 TI - A new method for the correction of hypertelorism with preservation of the olfactory nerve filaments. AB - A method for the preservation of the olfactory nerve filaments in cases of hypertelorism correction is described. The cribriform plate is completely resected and the nerve filaments gathered in the midline after medial rotation of the orbits. In contrast to Converse's (1970) procedure of paramedian osteotomies the method allows full correction of all degrees of hypertelorism, even in the most extreme cases, without olfactory nerve impairment. PMID- 3475284 TI - Sagittal sliding osteotomy of the alveolar process of the mandible. A modification of Hofer's osteotomy. AB - A modification of Hofer's (1942) osteotomy of the alveolar process of the lower jaw is described. Under certain circumstances it is possible to cut the alveolar process sagittally. Thereby a gap in the alveolar process is avoided and there is no need for bone grafting normal alveolar ridge height being maintained nevertheless. PMID- 3475285 TI - A cephalometric analysis of the long-term, soft tissue profile changes which accompany the advancement of the mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomies. AB - Thirty-five cases of mandibular advancement using the sagittal split ramus osteotomy technique were evaluated by retrospective cephalometric analysis of the long-term soft tissue profile changes. The cases were selected to form a homogeneous group. Soft tissue Pogonion and soft tissue B followed the respective hard tissue points in a nearly one-to-one ratio. Soft tissue Menton followed hard tissue Menton vertically, also in a nearly one-to-one ratio. The change in angle and depth of the labiomental fold correlated well with the vertical change of Menton, but not with the sagittal change of Pogonion. The mean values, ratios and regression equations in this study form a solid data base for long-term prediction. PMID- 3475286 TI - Skeletal open bite correction by combined Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split of the mandibular ramus. AB - Of over 300 surgically-treated skeletal open bite cases, 10 were corrected by simultaneous repositioning of the maxilla and mandible by means of a Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal splitting of the mandibular ramus. The paucity of cases does not permit detailed statistical evaluation; however of the many parameters investigated, certain appeared to be associated with relapse in this series: short intermaxillary fixation period, skeletal class II, and the surgeon. Despite skeletal relapse in 3 cases, dental compensation precluded the need to re operate on any of these relapsed cases. This surgical approach to the correction of a skeletal open bite, when indicated on aesthetic and occlusal grounds, is a particularly suitable method, and gives stable results. PMID- 3475287 TI - Deliberate, fixed extra-articular obstruction. Treatment of choice for subluxation and true recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Temporomandibular dislocation and subluxation are two pathological situations both characterized by hypermobility of the condyle. We believe that when luxation is recurrent and when subluxation becomes painful or is accompanied by disc dysfunction, surgical intervention is indicated. We are impressed by Gosserez and Dautrey's (1967) method of augmentation of the tubercle, or extra-articular obstruction, which is a modification of Leclerc and Girard's (1943) original procedure. The advantages of this technique are described and results are based on a series of 38 patients. PMID- 3475288 TI - Results after mandibular ridge augmentation with laminated split ribs, pedicled anterior bone lid and simultaneous sulcoplasties. Preliminary report. AB - The early results of a combined method of augmentation for extreme mandibular atrophy (Farmand, 1986) are evaluated in 40 patients over a period of up to 12-15 months after operation. The method combines the advantages of the classic augmentation procedure with laminated split ribs (Obwegeser, 1967, 1977) with those of the sandwich technique (Schettler, 1976). In cases with mucosa of good quality and quantity a simultaneous lingual and vestibular sulcoplasty is performed, thus giving the patient in a single-stage operation, conditions for adaptation of well-fitting dentures. It could be shown, that during the investigation time the mean resorption rate was 7-16% of the total anterior mandibular height. In the lateral parts, the resorption is in most cases less than one third of the transplant. 10 of 15 patients without simultaneous sulcoplasties needed a secondary soft tissue procedure after 9 months. 11 of 25 patients with simultaneous sulcoplasties needed the secondary operation. There is only one patient with a residual hypoaesthesia of the mandibular nerve. Local complications were seen in 22 cases and these were treated adequately. PMID- 3475289 TI - So called "fibro-osseous lesions" of tumorous origin. Biology confronts terminology. AB - The terms "fibro-osteo-cemental lesions" or "ossifying" and "cementifying fibromas" are confusing and should be discarded and replaced by clear and distinct terminology based on clinically, radiologically and histopathologically observable and reproducible characteristics. Histogenetic features and biological potential rather than tumour tissue products alone should be regarded as the basis for nomenclature. A classification of "fibro-osseous lesions" and three tumorous entities which have been defined by the terms "periodontoma", "psammous desmo-osteoblastoma" and "trabecular desmo-osteoblastoma" are presented and illustrated. These proposed entities go some way to bridge the gap between clinical diagnosis on the one hand and morphological and descriptive diagnosis on the other. PMID- 3475290 TI - Combining sensory reinforcement and texture fading procedures to overcome chronic food refusal. AB - Previous research has demonstrated behavioral programs to be effective in treating children with selective food preferences. However, there are few examples of interventions for the child displaying almost total food refusal. The present program combined sensory reinforcement and texture fading procedures to treat a 4-year-old deaf, visually impaired child who only consumed milk and, occasionally, pureed baby food. Sensory reinforcement consisted of the contingent presentation of light and rocking motion following consummatory responses. Texture fading entailed gradually increasing food composition. Results indicated that treatment was associated with substantial increases in the consumption of solid foods. Effects were maintained following the withdrawal of sensory reinforcement and with meals presented outside of the original treatment settings. Various features of the program are highlighted and discussed. PMID- 3475291 TI - Unusual myeloid leukaemia in patient with Hodgkin's disease. AB - An unusual case of leukaemia in a patient with Hodgkin's disease is described. The leukaemic blast cell population was typified by the presence of a substantial proportion of binucleate and multinucleate cells, many of which had the morphological features of Sternberg-Reed cells. The circulating and bone marrow blast cells were shown by immunophenotyping to be of myeloid origin. PMID- 3475292 TI - Myeloid surface antigen abnormalities in myelodysplasia: relation to prognosis and modification by 13-cis retinoic acid. AB - The relation between prognosis and lineage specific surface antigen expression on peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes was studied using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry in 37 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Abnormalities in antigen expression were summarised as a score, and cases were divided into low (few abnormalities) and high (many abnormalities) groups. Survival was significantly worse in the "high" group (logrank chi 2 = 5.793, p = 0.016), this group having a median survival of 31 weeks, compared with more than 67 weeks in the "low" group. No correlations were found between the score and any of the following: peripheral blood platelet and granulocyte count; FAB subtype; bone marrow blast cells and sideroblast count, or erythroid and myeloid progenitor growth. Antigen expression was also studied in six further cases of MDS before and after six weeks of treatment with 13-cis retinoic acid (CRA), 20 mg given orally, and a comparison was made with six untreated patients studied before and after a similar time interval. In the treated group 58% of initially abnormal measurements reverted to normal, compared with 24% in the untreated group. Five of the six treated patients showed a decrease in the score, whereas only two of the six improved in the untreated group. The data indicate that myeloid antigen expression is a useful indicator of prognosis in MDS, and that antigen expression may be affected by treatment. PMID- 3475293 TI - Periodontal repair of periapical lesions: the borderland between pulpal and periodontal disease. AB - A series of cases demonstrating the destruction of periapical periodontal structures, without pulpal involvement has been presented. Treatment using both surgery and antibiotics resulted in extensive healing without any concommitant endodontic therapy. The results suggest that lesions affecting the apical periodontium are either periodontal or pulpal in origin. Careful diagnosis allows the maintenance of pulp vitality in cases where apical destruction has a source other than an infected pulp. The commonly held belief that lateral and accessory canals are a significant source of pulpal contamination from deep periodontal pockets has been questioned. PMID- 3475294 TI - Periodontal status of secondary crowded mandibular incisors. Long-term results after orthodontic treatment. AB - The present study was undertaken to examine whether secondary crowded mandibular incisors experience more periodontal breakdown than aligned lower incisors long term after orthodontic treatment. Patients from 19 to 35 years after active treatment were selected. 2 groups were established: 1 with crowded mandibular incisors and 1 with aligned incisors. The groups were matched according to age, time after treatment, gender and periodontal disease classification. A separate group with crowded and aligned incisors within the same individual was established. Accumulation of plaque, gingival inflammation, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level were registered at 6 locations around each incisor. Among the patients studied, the oral hygiene level was high. In both groups, the loss of connective tissue attachment was largely due to periodontal pocket formation in interproximal areas and gingival retraction in buccal and lingual areas. A small but statistically significant difference in probing attachment level was found between crowded and aligned interproximal areas within the same individual (P less than 0.05). No differences in accumulation of plaque or in gingival inflammation were found. No differences were found for any of the dependent variables between the groups with crowded and aligned incisors. PMID- 3475295 TI - Dentine hypersensitivity. A study of the patency of dentinal tubules in sensitive and non-sensitive cervical dentine. AB - Based on the hydrodynamic theory for stimulus transmission across dentine, it would be logical to conclude that teeth exhibiting the clinical symptoms referred to as dentine hypersensitivity should have dentinal tubules open at the root surface and patent to the pulp. With the exception of studies on cut dentine, there is little direct evidence to support this conclusion. In this study, caries free teeth with exposed cervical root areas scheduled for extraction which were classified as non-sensitive or hypersensitive after suitable stimulation were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Hypersensitive teeth showed highly significantly increased numbers of tubules per unit area (approximately 8 X) compared with non-sensitive teeth. Tubule diameters were significantly wider (approximately 2 X) in hypersensitive compared to non-sensitive teeth. The number of teeth showing the penetration of methylene blue through the zone of exposed cervical dentine was larger and the depth of penetration greater in hypersensitive teeth compared to non-sensitive teeth. The results provide further evidence that stimulus transmission across dentine in hypersensitive teeth is mediated by a hydrodynamic mechanism. An understanding of factors which open dentinal tubules would seem important if attempts to prevent or treat dentine hypersensitivity are to be successful. PMID- 3475296 TI - Salivary IgG, a parameter of periodontal disease activity? High responders to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 in juvenile and adult periodontitis. AB - The concentration of salivary IgG and IgA and the levels of salivary IgG and IgA antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 were measured by ELISA in 205 persons including patients with juvenile and adult periodontitis as well as healthy subjects. Compared to the concentration observed in subjects with a healthy periodontium, a significantly increased concentration of salivary IgG was found in 34% of the patients with moderate adult periodontitis and in 57% of the patients with severe adult periodontitis. The level of salivary IgA was less influenced by the periodontal condition. The level of salivary IgG antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly elevated in 55% of the patients with untreated juvenile periodontitis and in 28% of the patients treated for JP. 28% of the patients with adult periodontitis had a significantly elevated level of IgG antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4. Significantly elevated levels of IgA antibody to this bacteria was found less frequently, 27% in untreated JP, 20% in treated JP and 17% in adult periodontitis. PMID- 3475297 TI - Surface-free energy and bacterial adhesion. An in vivo study in beagle dogs. AB - Conflicting reports have been presented on the role of substratum surface free energy (s.f.e.) on bacterial adherence. It is the aim of the present study to evaluate the effect of the s.f.e. of substrata on bacterial adherence in vivo. The following substrata with s.f.e. varying from 23.3-124.9 erg X cm-2 were cut into facings of 5 by 6 mm, polished and cleaned: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), Parafilm, polyvinylchloride (PVC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bovine dentin, bovine enamel and glass. In 5 beagle dogs, 7-9 years old, part of the buccal periodontium of the upper cuspids was excised and crowns were made and cemented with a non-fluoridated cement. The facings were placed in the crowns and placed in the oral cavity for 2 h. After removal, the facings were rinsed in saline. S.f.e. was assessed from contact angles with water, water/n-propanol mixtures and a-bromonaphthalene, according to the concept of dispersion and polar components, firstly on clean air dried facings and later on facings exposed to the oral cavity for 2 h. Immediately after rinsing, the water contact angle was measured as a function of time, to monitor the evaporation of free water from the protein layer adsorbed on the substrate which had been exposed to the oral cavity. It appeared that after a rapid increase in contact angle, a stable maximum value was obtained after 40-120 min depending on the substratum. S.f.e.'s of the protein coated substrata were subsequently determined after a 120 min drying period. Following the contact angle determinations, the exposed facings were stained with ethidium bromide, enabling fluorescence microscopical counting of the adhered microorganisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475298 TI - Transforming growth factors and histopathologic interpretation. AB - Transforming growth factors, a group of small proteins that, under proper circumstances, induce the reversible morphologic transformation of mature cells, are produced by tumor cells and by stimulated differentiated cells. The pseudomalignant conditions that we recognize histologically may, in many instances, be explained by the action of these molecules. PMID- 3475299 TI - A method of clinical evaluation of bulk fracture of amalgam restorations. PMID- 3475300 TI - Quantification of hydrogen gas released from polyvinylsiloxane impression materials in contact with die stone materials. PMID- 3475301 TI - A comparison of two passive aspirating systems. PMID- 3475302 TI - An X-ray diffractometric investigation of the Sn-Hg binary system within the 0 40% Hg interval. AB - By use of a precise x-ray diffractometric method and a computer program for parameter determinations (PIRUM), the delta phase of the tin-mercury system was identified. The delta phase appeared to be an orthorhombic structure, existing as a solid solution of mercury in tin in the 15 to at least 40 weight-percentage mercury interval. The diffraction pattern of this phase was almost identical with that of the gamma phase, which explains why its existence has been very difficult to demonstrate with most conventional x-ray diffractometric techniques. The difference between these two phases is mainly related to a slight deformation of the hexagonal structure, causing a small angular change at the corners of the hexagonal structure. This angular change, although small, transforms the hexagonal structure to a structure which should be described as a base-centered orthorhombic structure. Since the delta phase is closer than the gamma phase to the liquidus part of the tin-mercury system at room temperature, it is more likely to be formed when a conventional amalgam sets. PMID- 3475303 TI - The effect of environmental aging on the fracture toughness of dental composites. AB - The effect of aging four commercially-available dental composites in water or ethanol at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 28 days was assessed by measuring changes in the materials' plane-strain fracture toughness (KIC). The results, obtained by means of a mini Short Rod Fracture Toughness Test specimen design, suggest that while water aging does not produce significant changes in KIC, aging in ethanol does cause significant increases in fracture toughness for three of the four dental composites studied. In view of previously-reported loss of wear resistance for dental composites aged in ethanol solutions, the present study emphasizes the difficulties in using fracture toughness to predict wear properties. PMID- 3475304 TI - A comparison of four modes of evaluating depth of cure of light-activated composites. AB - Four commonly used methods for evaluating depth of cure in light-activated composites were compared. Optical and scraping methods correlate well, but severely overestimate depth of cure as compared with hardness testing or degree of conversion analysis. Degree of conversion appears to be the most sensitive test of depth of cure. PMID- 3475305 TI - Potential retinal hazards of visible-light photopolymerization units. AB - We evaluated the potential for retinal damage, both thermal and photochemical, from commercially available visible-light photopolymerization units. The spectral radiance profiles of 11 visible-light photopolymerization units were measured by means of a spectroradiometer and the results weighted according to the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Blue Light Hazard Function and Thermal Hazard Function. The values were then integrated by means of the proposed ACGIH hazard formulae, so that we could determine the maximum permissible exposure (tMAX) duration for each light. This calculation assumed a worst-case condition of direct vision of the light source from a distance of 25 cm. The results indicate that there is no thermal hazard to the retina. The tMAX duration values for the photochemical (blue light) hazard to the retina ranged from 2.4 minutes per day (for the most hazardous unit) to 16.0 minutes per day (for the least hazardous). None of these hazard times is short enough to be of concern unless the individual operator elects to focus on the light source or the reflected output from these visible-light photopolymerization units for an extended period of time. PMID- 3475306 TI - A new method to measure the condensation pressure of amalgam under in vivo conditions. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the condensation pressure of amalgam achieved under close to in vivo conditions by 42 general practitioners who were asked to fill a pre-cut standard class 2 cavity in a mannequin head. A measuring device was designed to allow the maximum and average condensation pressures and working and resting periods to be obtained. The results showed a maximum condensation pressure of 9.17 +/- 3.04 MPa and 4.09 +/- 1.41 MPa with a small (diameter, 1.15 mm) and a large (diameter, 1.8 mm) amalgam plugger, respectively. Only one of the 42 dentists reached the recommended condensation pressure of 15 MPa (Jorgensen, 1977). A significant (p less than or equal to 0.001) correlation between the duration of the working periods and the maximum condensation pressure was found (r = 0.61). Further investigations are required to determine the influence of these different condensation pressures on the physical properties of various amalgams. PMID- 3475307 TI - The effect of taste adaptation on salivary flow rate and salivary sugar clearance. AB - To provide an objective measure of the rate of taste adaptation, we measured changes in the flow rate of parotid saliva from 12 subjects while a tastant was infused continuously into their mouths. The tastants employed were sucrose, sodium chloride, and citric acid, each at two different concentrations. With all stimuli, the higher concentration elicited significantly higher initial flow rates, which declined exponentially with time. The half-time for adaptation of flow rate was independent of the nature or concentration of the stimulus and averaged 11.3 sec, which suggests that adaptation follows a single exponential curve. The model of salivary sugar clearance developed by Dawes (1983) predicted that the rate of clearance would be independent of the initial sucrose concentration. However, this model did not take into account the effect of taste adaptation on salivary flow. This process was thus incorporated into the model, which then predicted that the time for clearance would be dependent on the initial sucrose concentration, as found experimentally by Goulet and Brudevold (1984). Hence the process of taste adaptation progressively reduces the stimulated salivary flow rate, which retards the rate of salivary clearance of sugar from the oral cavity. PMID- 3475308 TI - Developmental changes in the volumes, protein, and some electrolyte concentrations of male and female rat submandibular saliva secreted in response to methoxamine and pilocarpine. AB - Saliva secreted in response to methoxamine and pilocarpine was collected from the cannulated ducts of the submandibular glands of male and female rats at weekly intervals from two to 10 weeks of age. It was analyzed for volume and for concentrations of protein, potassium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. Following the collection of saliva, the submandibular glands were removed and weighted. The wet weights of the glands increased substantially up to seven weeks of age and then reached almost plateau values in both sexes. The salivary volumes secreted in response to both agents in both sexes were positively correlated with the gland weights, except that after five to six weeks of age there was no correlation between gland weight and methoxamine-stimulated salivary volume. The concentrations of protein, potassium, and inorganic phosphate were inversely related to the flow rates only at relatively low rates of flow. The concentration of calcium was positively correlated with the protein concentration and was independent of the nature of the stimulus and of sex differences during postnatal development. PMID- 3475309 TI - A 30-month longitudinal study of the effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutans and approximal dental caries. AB - The effects of some oral hygiene measures on Streptococcus mutants and approximal dental caries were evaluated. One hundred and eighty-seven 13-year-old individuals with high levels of salivary S. mutans (greater than 10(6)/mL) were selected. They were randomly distributed into three groups. Group I initially received professional mechanical tooth-cleaning, tongue-scraping, chlorhexidine treatment, and oral hygiene instructions concentrated on the approximal surfaces most colonized by S. mutans. The treatment was given four times with intervals of two days, followed by one single treatment every six months throughout the experimental period. The initial treatment period for group II, also consisting of four visits, included the same oral hygiene instructions as for group I. The instructions were repeated every six months. Group III was maintained in the preventive program provided by the local Dental Health Office, based on mechanical plaque control and topical use of fluorides and chlorhexidine at individualized intervals. Group I showed a significant immediate reduction of S. mutans in saliva as well as an approximal tooth surfaces. After six months, there were no differences among the three groups regarding these variables. Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction of S. mutans in all groups. There was no significant difference in caries progression among the three groups. However, the selected "high-risk" individuals in group I developed 0.25 new manifest caries lesions approximally/year, compared with 0.27 for all children of the same age group in the area. Seventeen individuals had approximal surfaces with consistently high or consistently low S. mutans levels. Forty-six percent of the surfaces with high values developed new or progressive caries, compared with 2% of the surfaces with low values. PMID- 3475310 TI - Effects of eugenol on polymorphonuclear cell migration and chemiluminescence. AB - In this study, the effects of eugenol on human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell migration and chemiluminescence were examined in vitro. Utilizing zymosan activated serum or crude Bacteroides sonicate fractions as chemotractants, we found that eugenol inhibits PMN migration at 6.6 X 10(-2) to 6.6 X 10(-5) mol/L (P less than 0.05). Also, similar effects were observed in PMNs pre-incubated in eugenol. Regardless of concentration, eugenol was not found to induce chemotaxis of PMNs. An examination of PMN membrane activation through chemiluminescence gave results consistent with the chemotaxis data, demonstrating a decrease in light emission at concentrations as low as 6.6 X 10(-6) mol/L (P less than 0.05). In view of these data, the potential effect of eugenol on in vivo (sulcular or periapical) PMN function deserves further study. PMID- 3475311 TI - Ameloblast modulation and changes in the Ca, P, and S content of developing enamel matrix as revealed by SEM-EDX. AB - Freeze-dried rat incisors were examined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) for determination of the correlation between the morphology of the enamel organ and the concentrations in the adjacent developing enamel matrix of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), as well as the Ca/P ratio. In SEM examination of the freeze-dried enamel organ, it was possible to identify the stages of enamel secretion, transition, and maturation, and furthermore to identify ruffle-ended and smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts. EDX analysis of the outer layer of forming and maturing enamel was carried out from the apical to the incisal end at interval points of approximately 50 micron. Ca and P concentrations increased gradually and continuously from the secretion zone to the end of the maturation zone, but never showed a steep rise in any of the zones examined. Maturing enamel overlaid by either ruffle-ended or smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts showed similar Ca and P concentrations. Throughout the outer enamel layer, the Ca/P molar ratio was fairly constant. Sulfur concentration began to decrease in the zone of enamel secretion, and was no longer detected in the middle of the maturation zone. PMID- 3475312 TI - The effect of rate of increase of electrical current on the sensation thresholds of teeth. AB - The effect of the rate of increase of electrical current during stimulation of human teeth was examined on clinically sound upper anterior teeth. The teeth were stimulated with a current of 10 msec duration at a frequency of 50 Hz. Eight different rates of current increase were used, viz.: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mu a/sec. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the sensation threshold and the rate of current increase, and that the threshold increased significantly as the rate of current rise increased. Slowly increasing current gave more accurate and reproducible results than did rapidly increasing current, and a rate of 2 mu a/sec was found to be appropriate for clinical pulp testing. PMID- 3475313 TI - The effects of tenotomy on the morphology of the rabbit digastric muscle. AB - The digastric muscles of 17 New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to tenotomy. A sham operation was performed on six animals. Groups of three or four animals were killed at one hour, one day, 10 days, 30 days, and 60 days after the tenotomy. There was evidence of tendon regeneration by 10 days, and by 30 days the tendon appeared normal macroscopically. The tendon was normal in microscopic appearance in the animals examined at 60 days. Muscle belly length and fascicle length decreased after the tenotomy, and the angle of pinnation increased. Sarcomere lengths underwent a transient decrease within one hour of the tenotomy, but then were as long as or longer than those in the sham-operated group. A biomechanical analysis suggests that the net result of the morphological changes produced by the tenotomy leads to a reduction in force capability of only about 12%. The shorter belly and fascicle lengths, however, may diminish the effective range over which effective force can be exerted. PMID- 3475314 TI - Migration, attachment, and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts to root slices, naked and porous-surfaced titanium alloy discs, and Zircalloy 2 discs in vitro. AB - Cell migration, attachment, and orientation of cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were measured in relation to four types of specimens: Ti-6Al-4V alloy discs with either ground surfaces or porous structured surfaces, and Zr alloy discs (Zircalloy 2) with either ground surfaces or surfaces modified by being heated to form a thicker oxide cover. Surface-demineralized and non demineralized root slices were used as controls. Initial cell attachment was measured by means of a 51Cr assay, and cell attachment and orientation following migration by an assay that measures development of the resulting refractile material in relation to the specimen. No significant difference between initial cell attachment to Ti alloy and control demineralized root slices could be detected after one hr using the 51Cr assay. However, with the second assay, cell attachment and orientation at three, seven, 10, and 14 days were significantly higher in relation to surface-demineralized root slices than to all of the metal discs and the non-demineralized root slices. While cell attachment to the surface ground Ti alloy discs appeared to be higher than that to the porous-surfaced Ti alloy discs at three days and seven days, cell orientation to the porous-surfaced Ti alloy discs and the non-demineralized root slices at days 7, 10, and 14 was greater than that to all of the other metal discs. These data suggest that surface geometry could affect attachment and orientation of cells in vitro. PMID- 3475315 TI - Movement of fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament of the mouse incisor is related to eruption. AB - Movement of fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament of the lower incisor of the mouse was studied by pulse-labeling with tritiated thymidine and proline. 3H Thymidine was administered to mark the nuclei of the cells in the proliferative compartment near the basal end of the tooth; 3H-proline gave rise to a narrow band of radioactivity in the dentin, which served as a reference line for measurement of eruption. One or three weeks after injection in each animal, the lower right incisor was prevented from further eruption by being pinned to its alveolar process. The animals were killed 0, 1, or 2 weeks later, and their mandibles processed for LM-radioautography. It was found that in the left incisors, which were not inhibited in their eruption, labeled cells in the tooth half of the periodontal ligament moved incisally at a rate similar to the eruption rate. In the pinned incisors, no further incisal migration could be established. It is concluded that fibroblast migration in the tooth-half of the ligament is strictly coupled to the eruptive process. PMID- 3475317 TI - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the adsorption of salivary constituents on enamel. AB - Time-dependent change of adsorption of salivary components on the outermost surface layer of enamel was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adsorption of proteinaceous components, as monitored in terms of the relative mass of nitrogen, was detected within 30 min, increased with time, and reached a plateau at 90 min. Thus, the ratio of nitrogen to calcium in the two-hour sample increased to about 240 times that in the control sample. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen on the surface decreased to about one-half of that in the control sample. The data established the time required for equilibrium between the proteinaceous component in saliva and the amount of material adsorbed onto the tooth surface. PMID- 3475316 TI - The effects of various secretagogues on the mucin content of pure submandibular salivas. AB - The concentrations of a specific mucin and total protein were compared in pure submandibular saliva samples elicited by pilocarpine (PILO), epinephrine (EPI), and isoproterenol (IPR) in mice. At the dosages employed, IPR-stimulated samples contained, on the average, the highest concentrations of protein and mucin. EPI samples contained intermediate levels, and PILO the lowest concentrations. The average mucin-to-protein ratio in the PILO saliva samples was intermediate between the IPR and EPI samples. Non-stimulated saliva samples showed a broader range of mucin to total protein than did the stimulated saliva sets. Within the PILO saliva samples, there was a very strong positive correlation between the mucin content of saliva and the mucin content in the pre-secretory gland prior to stimulation. The mucin content of EPI and IPR samples also showed strong positive relationships with the content of mucin in the gland. The mucin and protein in EPI saliva samples were significantly correlated in at least one of the collections, whereas in the IPR samples, there was a much weaker relationship. With the exception of the third sequential collection of EPI saliva, all nine of the other EPI, IPR, and PILO collection sets showed only a weakly negative or no correlation between flow rate and saliva mucin or protein content. This is in sharp contrast with the strongly negative correlation which was noted between saliva protein or mucin contents and flow rate when all of the data were combined. These observations suggest that the nature of the stimulant is a very important determinant of overall flow rates, saliva protein, and mucin concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475318 TI - Intra-oral effects on acid-softened enamel of NaF lozenges administered in divided daily doses. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the intra-oral effects of multiple daily applications of NaF lozenges upon acid-softened enamel. Bovine enamel slabs were softened with 0.1 mol/L lactate buffer at pH 4.0 for 14 hrs and subsequently mounted in a mandibular removable Hawley appliance. Control slabs were worn for seven days by eight adult male subjects who brushed their natural dentition daily with a fluoride-free dentifrice. Test slabs were exposed to one 0.55-mg NaF lozenge (0.25 mg F) 4x/day for seven days and the natural dentition brushed with a fluoride-free dentifrice. The efficacy of 0.25-mg F lozenges used 4x/day over that of a 1-mg F lozenge administered 1x/day was established by a pilot study with two subjects. Microhardness testing was performed after intra-oral exposure (IOE) and following immersion in 0.01 mol/L lactate buffer containing Ca and PO4 for 24 hrs at a pH of 4.0. Fluoride uptake was measured on separate control and test slabs after KOH wash and after acid-resistance-testing (ART). Recovery of microhardness following IOE was 40.9% for controls and 53.9% for treated slabs, while control slabs retained 1.3% resistance to ART, compared with 25.6% for test slabs. The F content of the control slabs was significantly less than that of lozenge-treated and lozenge-treated-ART slabs throughout the depth of the lesion. The F content of the lozenge-treated-ART slabs was significantly less than that of the lozenge-treated slabs only at the 0-5-microns depth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475319 TI - The relationship between test methodology and elastic behavior of composites. AB - Comparisons were made of the Young's moduli obtained with tests that impose static, low-frequency, or high-frequency elastic deformations on dental composite systems. The frequency of the imposed stress was reflected in the absolute value of Young's modulus. However, the values obtained at different test frequencies could be compared and understood by taking into account this frequency dependence. It was thus found that the composite structure largely determined the type of reaction to the imposed stress. The fundamental period test permitted the greatest differentiation in the elastic behavior of the investigated composites. PMID- 3475320 TI - Thermal diffusivity of glass-ionomer cements. AB - Thermal diffusivity, a property related to the thermal insulative efficiency of a material, was measured in nine glass-ionomer cements and compared with results from a silicate and a polycarboxylate cement. Each cement was mixed at various powder-liquid ratios (P/L) and moulded into a rectangular prism of approximate dimensions 2 cm cube with a thermocouple embedded in it. The prism was immersed in a constant-temperature bath at 1 degree C, and the fall in temperature was observed over a period of three min. Except for the initial and later stages, the plot of the logarithmic difference between external and internal temperatures of each block of cement against time showed a straight line in accord with theoretical prediction. From the slope, the thermal diffusivity of the material was calculated. The values for the silicate, polycarboxylate, and glass-ionomer metal (cermet) showed a marked rise with increasing P/L, whereas at higher P/L, glass ionomer cements showed gradual change, with values being only slightly higher than the thermal diffusivity of dentin. Glass-ionomer cements are good thermal insulators over a wide range of P/L, and close agreement between experimental and theoretical data shows that glass-ionomer cements are homogenous isotropic materials. PMID- 3475321 TI - The efficiency of half-mouth examinations in estimating the prevalence of periodontal disease. AB - Several studies, including the NIDR 1985 national survey of working adults, have used periodontal examinations of only two quadrants of the mouth to estimate the prevalence of periodontal conditions. To investigate the efficiency of half-mouth periodontal examinations, I compared the results from the examination of all teeth in a sample of 477 dentate elderly people with scores that would have been obtained if randomly selected pairs of quadrants had been examined instead. In this elderly dentate population, relatively little information would have been lost if diagonal half-mouth or same-side half-mouth scores instead of whole-mouth scores had been used to estimate the number or proportion of teeth with periodontal conditions. However, the proportion of people with the less prevalent conditions, i.e., deep pocketing and mobility, was underestimated slightly. Slightly less efficiency was also noted for the less prevalent conditions. These findings suggest that half-mouth recording may be useful for prevalence surveys, but cannot be recommended for incidence surveys or clinical trials, where incremental changes may be small. PMID- 3475322 TI - The uptake of horseradish peroxidase in monkey temporomandibular joint synovium after occlusal alteration. AB - We conducted an electron microscopic study on the alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovium of the monkey after it was subjected to unilateral bite-raising, by means of a maxillary occlusal splint. The uptake of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by type A cells was demonstrated in the disturbed TMJ. The uptake of HRP decreased three to six wk after occlusal alteration, and was the same as in normal type A synovial cells after 16 wk. PMID- 3475323 TI - Pharmacokinetic aspects of topical fluorides. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies have revealed quantitative information about the bioavailability, rate of absorption, distribution, and clearance of fluoride following the use of fluoride-containing dentifrices, gels, varnishes, and solutions. It is concluded that following the use of topical fluoride products, variable amounts of fluoride are swallowed and absorbed into the systemic circulation--amounts which may be sufficient to produce acute or chronic side effects. Pharmacokinetic data should, therefore, form part of the basis for the optimal and safe use of fluoride products. In addition, there is a need for future research to determine the kinetics of fluoride in the oral fluids after the application of topical fluoride agents and to determine the associated changes in the composition of the mineral components of the oral fluids. PMID- 3475324 TI - Clinical application of topical fluoride products--risks, benefits, and recommendations. AB - This portion of the symposium discusses the various methods of professionally applying high-concentration topical fluoride products and their risks and benefits. Numerous recent investigations in this area of research are reviewed and discussed. Data from these research investigations point to the need for care when high-potency F products are used, especially in young children. Oral retained F doses following four-minute topical application procedures ranged from 10 to 31 mg when no suction devices or patient expectoration was utilized. Following the use of suctioning devices, oral-retained F doses ranged from 6 to 12 mg, a clinically unacceptable level. Following the use of suctioning devices plus patient expectoration, the oral-retained F doses were reduced to from 2 to 7.5 mg, depending on type of F product and application system. The following recommendation for topical application of high-potency F products are made: (1) No more than 2 g of gel per tray or approximately 40% of tray capacity should be dispensed. Even more conservative amounts should be considered for small children. (2) Because patients may have the need to swallow during a four-minute topical application procedure, the use of a saliva ejector during the procedure is recommended. (3) Following the four-minute application procedure, the patient should be instructed to expectorate thoroughly for from 30 sec to one min, regardless of whether high-speed suction is utilized. Expectoration is probably the single most effective way of reducing orally retained fluoride. (4) When utilizing custom individually fitted trays for patients requiring daily or weekly application of a high-F-concentration product, utilize only 5 to 10 drops of product per tray. PMID- 3475325 TI - Topical fluorides: effects on physiologic and biochemical processes. AB - The ingestion of fluoride from dentifrices or mouthrinses can contribute substantially to the total daily intake of the ion, even in communities that provide optimally fluoridated drinking water. It is concluded that the frequent and unsupervised use of these products by children six years of age or younger, especially those living in areas with water fluoridation, places them at risk of dental fluorosis. Recommendations to reduce the risk are presented. The use of 1.23% (12,300 ppm) APF gels, particularly in the absence of suctioning during the application and expectoration after the application, is associated with the swallowing of relatively large quantities of fluoride. The resulting increases in plasma fluoride levels may be sufficient to cause dental fluorosis, as judged by studies with laboratory animals, and a reduction in the kidney's ability to concentrate the urine, as judged by studies with both laboratory animals and humans. The epigastric distress experienced by some patients during or after APF gel applications appears to be due, at least in part, to a direct toxic effect of fluoride on the gastric mucosa. Data from studies with humans and laboratory animals indicate that there may also be associated changes in plasma and tissue cAMP levels, glucose metabolism, and salivary amylase secretion. There is an immediate need for the dissemination to the dental profession of standardized methods for gel application that will minimize the quantities of fluoride available for ingestion and systemic absorption. PMID- 3475326 TI - Topical fluorides: a discussion of risks and benefits. AB - Inadvertent ingestion of fluoride from topical procedures poses the risk of dental fluorosis in age-susceptible users. This risk can be minimized for mouthrinsing by restricting it to those above the age-susceptible limit. Operators administering topical fluoride treatments can take practical precautions that have been shown to reduce the amount of fluoride retained and, thus, reduce ingestion. Clinical and epidemiological studies have failed to establish that dentifrice ingestion by young children constitutes a serious fluorosis risk. Discussion of risk must consider the effect of perceived risks upon the public. PMID- 3475327 TI - Topical fluoride therapy: discussion of some aspects of toxicology, safety, and efficacy. AB - Although ingestion of an acute toxic dose of fluoride is extremely rare in dental treatments, practitioners should be familiar with the signs and symptoms and with emergency measures of treating accidental overdosage. The amount of fluoride ingested chronically from the use of self-applied topical fluoride can be reduced to safe limits by instructing parents to dispense small amounts of toothpaste for their young children and to ensure that fluoride dentifrices and mouthrinses are fully expectorated. Similarly, when custom-fitted trays are used, only minimal amounts of fluoride gels are necessary. The minimal amount of such gels that can be dispensed appears to be influenced by their viscosity. Clinical efficacy does not support a reduction in the concentration of fluoride in commercial dentifrices. PMID- 3475329 TI - The association and the supervision of dental hygienists. PMID- 3475328 TI - Bacteriology of human gingivitis. AB - The subgingival bacterial floras of naturally occurring gingivitis in adults and children were characterized and compared with the floras of other periodontal conditions previously studied. The composition of the gingivitis floras was found to be distinct from that of floras associated with health or with moderate, severe, or juvenile periodontitis. There were no major differences between the floras of naturally-occurring gingivitis and the floras of the human experimental gingivitis model. Data indicated that the flora of healthy sites within a mouth is influenced by the number of inflamed sites, which argues against independence of sites bacteriologically. Proportions of ten bacterial species increased in both gingivitis and periodontitis, as compared with health, in both adults and children. These species were found in both affected and unaffected sites of people with gingivitis. The numbers of five other cultivable species and the "large treponeme", which was not cultivated, increased in gingivitis and periodontitis of adults only. Significant differences in non-spirochetal floras between children and adults were not found, although they were in the experimental gingivitis model studied previously. Cultivable spirochetes did differ between children and adults. Children had fewer samples positive for spirochetes, and children's positive samples contained greater proportions of T. socranskii subsp. paredis. Some species that predominate in periodontitis, but which are absent from healthy gingivae, were found as a small percentage of the flora in gingivitis. This suggests that increased serum and blood in the gingival crevice encourage species that relate to periodontitis. PMID- 3475330 TI - Employment considerations of AIDS in dental institutions. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become one of the most pressing public health issues of this decade. As a member of the health care team, dental professionals are increasingly confronted with the responsibilities of treating AIDS victims, preventing the transmission of HIV and other infectious agents, and being nondiscriminatory employers. Guidelines are currently available to help the dental profession in these first two responsibilities. However, policies governing the employment of health care workers with AIDS have not been established firmly. Therefore, this article focuses on the AIDS employment issue facing dental practitioners, administrators, and educators today. Background information on the current medical status, transmission, epidemiology, and populations-at-risk is reviewed. Legal considerations of AIDS in the work place are addressed as to HIV testing, employee rights to gain and/or retain employment, economic considerations, and confidentiality issues. PMID- 3475331 TI - Implication of defamation for dental educators. AB - Recent court decisions have indicated that in dealing with their students and colleagues, faculty must balance academic freedom and the individual right of fair consideration. It is also important for faculty and administrators to distinguish between decision-making procedures and criteria. It is quite clear from two recent United States Supreme Court cases that subjective evaluation by professional judgment is permissible as long as standard procedures of procedural due process are followed. In short, courts are more likely to review the application of the criteria than their substance. PMID- 3475332 TI - Correlates of dental student stress. AB - The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of dental student stress. Associations between characteristics of dental students and their stress levels are examined, along with the association of stress with drug use and health problems. A total of 300 out of 315 dental students completed a questionnaire that measured the frequency and stressfulness of 31 stressors; drug use; health problems; and student characteristics including Type A behavior, career commitment, demographics, and lifestyle variables. Characteristics that were associated with a higher stress level were a higher level of Type A behavior and lower level of career commitment. Greater stress was also associated with a greater frequency of health problems. The results suggest an interactional stress model in which the personalities and attitudes of students are important mediators of the stress response. PMID- 3475333 TI - Review of the activities of the AADS council of students. PMID- 3475334 TI - Educational status of maxillofacial prosthetics in Europe. PMID- 3475335 TI - Long-term continuing education for general dentists. PMID- 3475336 TI - Curriculum guidelines for dental radiology for dental hygiene and dental assisting education. PMID- 3475337 TI - Geographic location of recent dental graduates: plans and realities. PMID- 3475338 TI - Preventing oral cancer. PMID- 3475340 TI - Overcoming dental anxiety. PMID- 3475339 TI - Treating dental problems. PMID- 3475341 TI - Wake up to prevention for the smile of a lifetime. PMID- 3475342 TI - Radiographic examinations. PMID- 3475343 TI - Temporomandibular disorders. PMID- 3475344 TI - Choosing a dentist. PMID- 3475345 TI - Understanding dental benefit plans. PMID- 3475347 TI - Meeting dental needs of elderly. PMID- 3475346 TI - New technology for dental care. PMID- 3475348 TI - WHO dollar crisis. PMID- 3475349 TI - Management of natal teeth. PMID- 3475350 TI - Posture and MPD. PMID- 3475351 TI - Endodontic implications of root fractures. PMID- 3475353 TI - Mouthguard report. PMID- 3475352 TI - Infection control and the states. PMID- 3475354 TI - Collimation instruments. PMID- 3475355 TI - Personnel management: keeping the dental team together. PMID- 3475356 TI - An evaluation of a glass ionomer luting agent: bacterial leakage. AB - This study quantitatively evaluates the bacterial leakage beneath crowns cemented with a glass ionomer cement compared with those cemented with a polycarboxylate cement or a varnish plus zinc phosphate cement. Bacterial samples were taken from beneath full crowns cemented with the test luting agents 3, 10, and 56 days after cementation. Two-way analysis of variance of the resultant data showed a significant increase in bacterial counts for zinc phosphate, a significant decrease for polycarboxylate, and no change for glass ionomer. These findings suggest that bacterial leakage may not be the reason for the reported poor clinical response associated with glass ionomer luting agents. PMID- 3475357 TI - The effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nocturnal bruxism. AB - Occlusal splints are commonly used for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. This study investigated the effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nighttime muscle activity. The nocturnal muscle activity of ten participants was recorded while wearing a hard and then a soft occlusal splint. The hard occlusal splint significantly reduced muscle activity in eight of the ten participants. The soft occlusal splint significantly reduced muscle activity in only one participant while causing a statistically significant increase in muscle activity in five of the ten participants. PMID- 3475358 TI - Mandibular molars with five canals: report of two cases. AB - A mandibular first and second molar found to contain five root canals are described. Recent literature pertaining to unusual root canal morphological structure is reviewed and a recommendation is made for a complete and thorough examination of the chamber floor for even seemingly straightforward and simple nonsurgical endodontic cases. PMID- 3475359 TI - The effects of the vasoconstrictor epinephrine on the duration of pulpal anesthesia using the intraligamentary injection. AB - The use of the intraligamentary injection to achieve dental anesthesia is becoming a popular alternative to conventional dental techniques. This study compares the duration of anesthesia achieved by intraligamentary injection using lidocaine, lidocaine with epinephrine 1:50,000, lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000, and epinephrine 1:100,000. Using chi 2 and paired t-test analysis, there was no significant difference found in the efficacy of the agents studied in achieving pulpal anesthesia. PMID- 3475360 TI - Penetration of acid solution and gel in occlusal fissures. AB - This study evaluates the penetration of an acid solution and two gels with different viscosities into occlusal fissures. Morphologically distinguishable differences in enamel at the occlusal site was examined as to whether the tooth is treated by acid solution, low-viscosity acid gel, or high-viscosity acid gel as well as the extent of involvement, using either a conventional or scraping method of application. The study also looks at the use of a gel acid agent in the pit and fissure sealant treatment. PMID- 3475361 TI - A morphological survey of proximal root concavities: a consideration in periodontal therapy. AB - Tooth morphological structure may often influence the success of periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence, dimensions, and locations of proximal root concavities. The dentist's ability to perform satisfactory root surface preparation, the patient's ability to maintain effective plaque control, and the restorative implications of proximal root concavities are also discussed. PMID- 3475362 TI - An asymptomatic radiolucent lesion in the mandible. AB - The lingual cortical mandibular defect is easily diagnosed radiographically. The key features include: a well-defined radiolucent area, location below the mandibular canal, and placement anterior to the angle of the mandible. Routine surgical exploration is not indicated, but sialography or radiographic follow-up may be useful. PMID- 3475363 TI - Survey of adult dental health. PMID- 3475364 TI - Continuing education course listing for June to December 1987. Department of Membership Records. PMID- 3475365 TI - Cyanoacrylate warning. PMID- 3475366 TI - X-ray film duplication. PMID- 3475367 TI - Chemical dependency: the road to recovery. PMID- 3475368 TI - Treatment of large radiolucent lesion of the mandibular ramus: report of case. AB - A case of a 13-year-old male with facial asymmetry caused by an enlarging lesion of the mandible is reported. Criteria for treatment are reviewed. An extensive giant cell granuloma of the mandible was treated by curettage rather than segmental resection. PMID- 3475369 TI - Oral effects of steroid therapy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of case. AB - Steroids are used extensively in modern medicine and dentistry for their anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, this class of drugs can lead to adverse effects on other organs. In this case, developmental and functional disturbances of the primary and permanent dentition are seen. The patient's dental development and pharmacological history suggest prednisone as the offending agent. PMID- 3475370 TI - Fracture resistance of endodontically prepared teeth using various restorative materials. AB - This study compares the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars with modified types of cavity preparations and restoration with either amalgam or composite resin. The greatest influence on fracture resistance was the remaining tooth structure. The effect of adequate wall support on tooth strength was compared with intact unprepared teeth. PMID- 3475371 TI - Stability of safety glasses during sterilization and disinfection. AB - Awareness of the necessity for physical barriers as essential components of an infection control program for dental practice has led to increased use of gloves, masks, and protective eyewear. Because eyewear is not disposable, it could serve as a source of cross-contamination and should be disinfected between patients. This study investigates the optical stability of two types of safety glasses after various sterilization/disinfection procedures. PMID- 3475372 TI - Dentin surface treatments for the removal of the smear layer: an SEM study. AB - Previous studies have shown that the bond strength of glass ionomer to dentin can be increased by the removal of the smear layer. Seven materials readily available were evaluated for smear layer removal. Clinical conditions were simulated as closely as possible. PMID- 3475373 TI - Tumor review: osteogenic sarcoma of the foot. PMID- 3475374 TI - Forearm compartment syndrome secondary to leukemic infiltrates. AB - A 20-year-old white man with leukemia was recently treated with chemotherapy and was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital with a fever and a swollen and painful left forearm that worsened despite intravenous antibiotics. The flexor forearm compartment pressures were elevated; therefore, surgical decompression of the flexor compartments was done. All the wound cultures were negative, and biopsy specimens of tissue showed leukemic infiltrates in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue. Tumor infiltrates may result in increased compartmental pressures, and the treatment of these lesions includes chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to provide local control of the tumor. PMID- 3475375 TI - Cachectin, tumor-necrosis factor, and anorexia. PMID- 3475376 TI - Linkage analysis of the murine interferon alpha locus (Ifa) on chromosome 4. AB - We performed linkage analysis of the murine interferon alpha gene cluster, Ifa, with three different marker genes on chromosome 4: the major urinary protein locus (Mup-1), the brown locus (b) and the misty locus (m). The gene order (from centromere) with intervening percent recombination derived from a first three point cross is Mup-1--13.6 (+/- 3.6)--Ifa--7.9 (+/- 2.8)--m and from a second three-point cross Mup-1--1.7 (+/- 1.7)--b--3.5 (+/- 2.4)--Ifa. The combined results indicate that the gene order, from the centromere, is Mup-1--b--Ifa--m. PMID- 3475377 TI - [A study on the diagnosis and treatment of the infertile patient with endometriosis externa by scoring]. AB - Though the conservative treatment of infertility associated with endometriosis has undergone a significant evolution, clinical diagnostic problems still remain. In order to evaluate the efficacy and diagnostic value of the non-surgical scoring method, personal histories, symptoms, signs, hysterosalpingographic findings and routine infertility test results for 63 patients with endometriosis diagnosed laparoscopically were compared with those of 63 controls. 8 findings specific to endometriosis and the scores were as follows: Dysmenorrhea (1), dyspareunia (3), retroverted uterus (3), cul-de-sac nodularities (3), atonic (1) and marginal irregularity (1) of uterus, and perifimbrial adhesion (2) in hysterosalpingography, and unexplained infertility (2). The results obtained retrospectively revealed that the probability of endometriosis was seen in the cases in which the total scores ranged 0-4, 5-8, and 9-16; the incidence being approximately 10%, 60%, and 90% respectively. These results were confirmed by a prospective study. After completing a course of treatment, the pregnancy rate was 55% in patients with endometriosis. This fertility rate was higher than that of controls (23%). Thus, infertile women whose total scores ranged 0-4, 5-8, and 9 16 will be required to undergo re-examination of other sterility factors other than endometriosis, diagnostic laparoscopy and treatment for endometriosis, respectively. PMID- 3475378 TI - [Usefulness of measurement of serum CA125 levels in diagnosing and treating endometriosis]. AB - We investigated the usefulness of the measurement of serum CA125 levels for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of endometriosis. An additional study concentrated on the production of CA125. 1. Elevated levels of serum CA125 were noted in 52 of 66 patients with endometriosis in which the positive rate was 78.8% and mean was 119.8 U/ml. The mean value and positive rate of serum CA125 levels in patients with adenomyosis were higher than those in pelvic endometriosis. 2. The correlation between preoperative serum CA125 levels and the extracted tissue weight was statistically significant. The tissue concentration of CA125 of adenomyosis was 1,479.3 +/- 1,087.1 U/g and that of pelvic endometriosis was 309.7 +/- 23.1 U/g wet weight. 3. The serum CA125 levels in patients with adenomyosis fell postoperatively, and all were below 35 U/ml within two weeks. The serum CA125 levels were below 35 U/ml in 13 out of 15 patients (86.7%) with pelvic endometriosis treated with danazol and the change in the serum CA125 levels was closely related to the clinical course. 4. Clinicopathological states with a high level of serum CA125 were observed in patients with normal and ectopic pregnancy, puerperium, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and peritonitis. It was concluded that the measurement of serum CA125 levels was useful in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of endometriosis, and CA125 might be produced and/or secreted not only from the endometrium but also from the peritoneum. PMID- 3475380 TI - [Study on tooth mobility--horizontal displacement of lower teeth]. PMID- 3475379 TI - [Study on prostaglandin E involved in tooth movement--immunohistochemical observation]. PMID- 3475381 TI - [Intraoral pressure measurement with telemetry system]. PMID- 3475382 TI - [Discoloration of maxillofacial silicone rubber due to lipid absorption and oxidation]. PMID- 3475383 TI - [Experimental morphological studies on central projection of snout proprioceptive afferents in moles]. PMID- 3475384 TI - [Response of exposed pulp to composite resin in germ-free rat molars]. PMID- 3475385 TI - [Relationship between caries detector staining and structural characteristics of carious dentin]. PMID- 3475386 TI - [Differentiation of taste buds in culture]. PMID- 3475387 TI - [Regional odontodysplasia: report of a case]. PMID- 3475388 TI - [Immunological perturbation of craniofacial morphogenesis in vitro]. PMID- 3475389 TI - [Experimental study on cleft lip of CL/Fr mouse using whole embryo culture system]. PMID- 3475390 TI - [Studies on super-elastic NiTi alloy square and rectangular wires for orthodontic use--1. Mechanical properties]. PMID- 3475391 TI - [Morphological analysis of occlusal plane and its relation to occlusal function]. PMID- 3475392 TI - [Purification of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and fundamental studies on its clinical application]. PMID- 3475393 TI - The detection of colorectal carcinomas with the use of CA-50 radioimmunoassay inhibition test. AB - A radioimmunoassay was used for the detection of the human carcinoma-associated antigen CA-50 in the serum of 50 normal subjects, 16 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and 77 patients with primary and secondary colorectal carcinomas. Serum levels in all normal patients and those with benign disease were below 17 U/ml, while 40 of 77 (51%) patients with carcinoma had levels above 17 U/ml. The sensitivity of this test was 22% for Dukes' A carcinoma, 29% for Dukes' B, 59% for Dukes' C and 73% for metastatic disease. The CA-50 levels were elevated in 7 of 9 (78%) patients who developed tumour recurrence following curative surgery compared with 15 of 43 (35%) patients who are alive and tumour free (p less than 0.05). Therefore, this test may prove useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinomas. PMID- 3475394 TI - Effects of gemfibrozil on plasma lipoprotein-apolipoprotein distribution and platelet reactivity in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. AB - The effects of gemfibrozil on plasma lipoprotein distribution and composition and on platelet function were investigated in 11 patients with stable hypertriglyceridemia, six belonging to Fredrickson type IIb and five to type IV. Gemfibrozil (600 mg twice a day) significantly reduced total and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)--associated triglyceridemia (respectively-32.4% and -40.4%, after 6 weeks of treatment). No significant variations were noted in the lipid components of low-density lipoproteins; by contrast, a marked increase (18%) was detected in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)--associated cholesterol. Comparison of the two patient groups (type IIb and type IV) showed that those with type IIb had both a more significant reduction of triglyceridemia and a more marked increase of HDL-cholesterol. Apolipoprotein B levels were reduced in both groups (-12%) with no change in apolipoprotein AI. The cholesterol content in the HDL subfractions, separated by rate zonal ultracentrifugation, was raised in HDL3 (18%) and in HDL2 (14%). Both particles also showed significant increases of the cholesterol/protein and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratios. A non-statistically significant decrease in collagen-induced aggregation and in the release of thromboxane B2 was noted after treatment. These findings suggest that, similar to what was recently reported in normal individuals and in laboratory animals, the probable mode of action of gemfibrozil is in reducing the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins, particularly VLDL, while stimulating the production of small HDL particles. PMID- 3475395 TI - Effect of aspirin on experimental diabetic nephropathy. AB - The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in long-term diabetes in humans and animals in preceded by a period of hyperfiltration that may be responsible for it. The mediators of the increase in glomerular filtration are unknown, but recent studies suggest a prominent role for prostaglandins. To test the hypothesis that prostaglandins mediate early hyperfiltration and contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy, we examined the effects of long-term aspirin (ASA) treatment on whole kidney GFR and renal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in control and diabetic rats 8 days and 16 weeks after streptozocin administration. The rats were divided into four groups, control, control with ASA (C/ASA), diabetic, and diabetic with ASA (D/ASA). We found that 8 days after streptozocin treatment, PGE2 synthesis and GFR were increased in diabetic rats. ASA treatment inhibited renal prostaglandin synthesis and prevented the GFR increase. ASA given to control rats reduced PGE2 synthesis without changing GFR. In the 16-week study diabetic rats had lower GFR and increased renal PGE2 synthesis. Diabetic rats also had thickened glomerular basement membrane compared with control rats. By contrast GFR did not fall and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane did not occur in diabetic rats receiving ASA. ASA had no effect on GFR or glomerular basement membrane in normal rats but decreased renal PGE2 synthesis. The data demonstrate that aspirin prevents early hyperfiltration and prevents the fall in GFR and glomerular basement membrane thickening that occurs over time in diabetic rats. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis by aspirin, or some other effect of aspirin, may be responsible for the protection observed. PMID- 3475396 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis by highly enriched rabbit proximal tubular cells in culture. AB - Prostaglandin synthetic profiles were studied in monolayers of highly enriched rabbit renal proximal tubular cells cultured in serum-free, hormone-supplemented, defined media. The cultures were initiated from glomeruli-free cortical suspensions. Cells in culture demonstrated morphologic and functional characteristics highly suggestive of proximal tubular cells. The basal and stimulated synthesis of immunoassayable prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane (Tx) B2 in response to various agonists, as well as the effect of two cyclooxygenase inhibitors, was assessed. Under both basal and stimulated conditions, PGE2 was the major product synthesized. PGF2 alpha and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha were synthesized to a lesser extent, and TxB2 was undetectable. The basal synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in cultured cells was found to be higher than in isolated proximal tubular fragments by sevenfold and fivefold, respectively. Exogenous arachidonate, angiotensin II, and the divalent cation ionophore A23187 stimulated all three immunoassayable prostaglandins in a dose dependent manner. Arginine vasopressin (10(-5) mol/L) had no stimulatory effect. In Ca++-free media or in the presence of 10(-5) mol/L Ca++ channel blocker, verapamil, the stimulatory effects of angiotensin II and A23187 were ameliorated. The stimulatory effect of angiotensin II was inhibited by saralasin (10(-5) mol/L), indicating that receptor binding could mediate PGE2 synthesis. Both indomethacin and sulindac sulfide (10(-5) mol/L) reversibly inhibited PGE2 synthesis. PMID- 3475397 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of platelet surface glycoproteins: phenotypically distinct subpopulations of platelets in children with chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - To determine whether distinct subpopulations of platelets exist in individual patients, platelets were incubated with monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein Ib and the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Normal donors (n = 15) had single glycoprotein Ib-positive and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-positive populations of platelets, with no subpopulations. In normal donors there was a direct relationship between platelet size and the number of surface glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex antigens per platelet. In patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, all platelets were equally negative with regard to the glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex phenotype, respectively. In contrast, each of six children with chronic myeloid leukemia (four of whom were Philadelphia chromosome negative and two of whom were Philadelphia chromosome positive) had two phenotypically distinct subpopulations of platelets: one glycoprotein Ib negative, the other glycoprotein Ib positive. In each of these six children with chronic myeloid leukemia, phenotypically distinct subpopulations of glycoprotein IIb-IIia complex-negative and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-positive platelets were also detected. Polyclonal antiplatelet antibody bound to both the glycoprotein Ib-negative and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-negative subpopulations. Age-matched controls (n = 3) and adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 3) showed single glycoprotein Ib-positive and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex-positive populations. In conclusion, flow cytometry detected distinct subpopulations of platelets in children with chronic myeloid leukemia. Flow cytometry is an important new method of identification and investigation of subpopulations of platelets in individual patients. PMID- 3475398 TI - Defective 3-ketosteroid reductase activity in a human monocyte-like cell line. AB - The human monocyte-like cell line U937, which is a cholesterol auxotroph, does not grow on mevalonate, squalene, or 4,4-dimethyl cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol. It grows on cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol and converts it to cholesterol. When deprived of an exogenous source of cholesterol, the cells accumulate 4 alpha-methyl-cholest-8 en-3-one. The cell-free extracts of U937 are also devoid of 3-ketoreductase activity. The present studies indicate that the lesion in cholesterol synthesis by these cells is located at 3-ketosteroid reductase, making this the first report of a deficiency of this enzyme. In contrast, another U937 strain (U937-N) synthesizes cholesterol, does not accumulate 4 alpha-methyl-cholest-8-en-3-one, and has 3-ketosteroid reductase activity. The two strains should be valuable in studies of the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and of the role of cholesterol in membrane structure and function. PMID- 3475399 TI - The effect of oral prostaglandin E2 (Prostarmon E) in the induction of labour: comparative study of fixed and incremental dose. PMID- 3475400 TI - An animal model of excessive eating: schedule-induced hyperphagia in food satiated rats. AB - Nineteen rats were maintained throughout the experiment on ad libitum wet mash and water and were trained to press a lever on fixed-interval or fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement with electrical brain stimulation. Fourteen rats ate at least 150% more mash during intermittent reinforcement sessions than during baseline, massed reinforcement control, and/or extinction sessions. In a 3-hr session, 11 of those 14 consumed more than 22 g of wet mash (13 g dry weight), the equivalent of nearly half an animal's daily food intake. In subsequent control sessions, the electrodes did not support stimulus-bound eating despite attempts to make stimulation parameters optimal. These results indicate that the eating was schedule induced or adjunctive, and suggest that the procedure may provide an animal model of excessive nonregulatory eating that contributes to obesity in humans. PMID- 3475401 TI - VLDL cholesterol and VLDL apolipoprotein B. Preliminary cross-sectional data of the prospective epidemiological study of company employees in Westphalia. AB - VLDL cholesterol concentrations were determined in 1641 male and 608 female and VLDL apolipoprotein B concentrations in 505 male and 211 female company employees in Westphalia aged 17-70 years. VLDL cholesterol and VLDL apolipoprotein B values were found to be distributed with positive skew in both sexes but were higher in men than in women (median in men: VLDL cholesterol 0.30 mmol/l, VLDL apolipoprotein B 0.066 g/l, median in women: VLDL cholesterol 0.18 mmol/l, VLDL apolipoprotein B 0.047 g/l). In males VLDL cholesterol and VLDL apolipoprotein B were closely correlated to each other (r = 0.757) as well as to triacylglycerols (VLDL cholesterol: r = 0.673, VLDL apolipoprotein B: r = -0.419). In females these observed correlations were weaker. The VLDL cholesterol/VLDL apolipoprotein B ratio was also higher in men (median 4.28 mmol/g) than in women (median 3.15 mmol/g). The ratio correlated to triacylglycerols (men: r = 0.591, women: r = 0.321). The results suggest that the composition of VLDL may be related to triacylglycerols in serum. PMID- 3475402 TI - Separation and functions of two acyl CoA transferases from Ascaris lumbricoides mitochondria. AB - Many invertebrates accumulate propionate, or products derived from propionate, as products of fermentation. Evidence has been reported that the nematode, Ascaris suum, the cestode, Spirometra mansonoides, and the trematode, Fasciola hepatica, accumulate propionate by means of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating decarboxylation of succinate. To generate energy, an acyl coenzyme A (CoA) transferase that would transfer CoA to succinate is required as one component of the sequence of reactions. Recently, an acyl CoA transferase was isolated from Ascaris mitochondria and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. However, upon examination of the substrate specificities of this enzyme, it was found essentially to lack the ability to use succinate or succinyl CoA as an acceptor or donor of CoA, respectively. Therefore, this transferase could not serve to activate succinate. This article describes the isolation of an additional acyl CoA transferase from Ascaris mitochondria that appears to be unique in its substrate specificity and that could easily account not only for the activation of succinate but also for the regulation of succinate metabolism primarily in the direction of decarboxylation to propionate. This is in contrast with mammalian tissues, which act in the opposite direction by catalyzing the fixation of CO2 into propionate, thereby forming succinate and accounting for the glycogenic nature of dietary propionate. Possible functions of the two acyl CoA transferases are discussed. PMID- 3475403 TI - Typing of urine in the ABO and Lewis systems. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the reliability of determining the ABO type and Lewis group from urine samples stored for prolonged periods under different conditions. Urine samples were successfully typed regardless of storage conditions and storage duration. PMID- 3475404 TI - [Second prenatal diagnosis in a familial form of male pseudohermaphroditism caused by 17 keto-reductase deficiency: prediction confirmed by a normal third male infant]. AB - In the first child of this family, the diagnosis of male pseudo-hermaphroditism due to 17 keto-reductase deficiency was established at two months of age after HCG test. During the second pregnancy, amniocentesis was performed for fetal karyotype and steroid determination in the amniotic fluid: an affected male fetus was suspected and this prediction was confirmed at birth. For the third pregnancy, a prenatal diagnosis was requested again and made, according to the same procedure: a normal male fetus was predicted and this diagnosis was confirmed at birth; this study demonstrates the feasibility and reliability of a prenatal diagnosis for 17 keto-reductase deficiency. PMID- 3475406 TI - Tidal volume changes due to the interaction of anesthesia machine and anesthesia ventilator. AB - Tidal volume (VT) delivered by mechanical ventilation during anesthesia may be influenced by factors related not only to the patient and the breathing circuit, but also to the interaction between the anesthesia machine and the anesthesia ventilator. To characterize this interaction, we studied in a test lung the effect of fresh-gas-flow (FGF) (0.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 L/min), inspiratory-to expiratory time ratio (I:E) (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), and ventilatory frequency (8, 12, and 16 breaths/min) at fixed ventilator bellows excursions of 300, 600, and 900 ml. The influence of these variables was also estimated mathematically for a pediatric situation: a bellows excursion of 50 ml at 20 and 30 breaths/min. Each variable studied was associated with an increase, sometimes dramatic, in the delivered VT compared with that which was set. The VT augmentation was greatest at the highest FGF rate, largest I:E ratio, and slowest respiratory rate. Because the magnitude of the augmentation is independent of the VT setting, the percent increase is much larger for pediatric settings. For example, with VT set at 50 ml, delivered VT ranged from 71 ml (FGF 2.5 L/min, I:E 1:3, and 30 breaths/min) to 300 ml (FGF 10 L/min, I:E 1:1, and 20 breaths/min). Thus it is possible in the pediatric situation to increase the delivered VT by sixfold without changing the ventilator bellows excursion. The magnitude of the changes was slightly larger for the VT settings for adult patients because of the slower respiratory rate. This VT augmentation can be predicted by the product of FGF (ml/s) and inspiratory time (seconds).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475405 TI - Oral nimodipine reduces prostaglandin and thromboxane production by arteries chronically exposed to a periarterial haematoma and the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid. AB - The calcium antagonist nimodipine blocks the effects of many vasoconstrictors of cerebrovascular smooth muscle and may reduce the incidence of delayed cerebral ischaemia following subarachnoid haemorrhage though not necessarily by inhibiting the development of angiographic cerebral vasospasm. Post-haemorrhagic CSF contains abnormally large quantities of various eicosanoids that partly reflect enhanced production by cerebral arteries. Does nimodipine affect this process? The extra-arterial and intra-arterial production of PG6 keto-F1 alpha, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TXB2 were measured in perfused common carotid arteries taken from rabbits in which the arteries had been ensheathed by blood clot in vivo for 7 days. All rabbits were given the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid to retard resolution of the clot, and half were given oral nimodipine (2 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Nimodipine significantly reduced the extra-arterial production of TXB2 during the third and fourth hours of perfusion and, less consistently, the production of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PG6 keto-F1 alpha. Lutrol, the solvent for nimodipine, had no such effect. PMID- 3475408 TI - Nurses' and patients' perceptions of supportive nursing. PMID- 3475407 TI - Inhibition of gallium-67 uptake in melanoma by an anti-human transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody. AB - The effect of an anti-human transferrin receptor (anti-TFR) monoclonal antibody (MoAb), designated B3/25, and an anti-melanoma antibody, designated 96.5, on the uptake of gallium-67 (67Ga) by tumor was studied. Three groups of six athymic mice bearing a human melanoma were injected via tail vein with (a) 0.55 mg human serum albumin (HSA) (control group), (b) 0.5 mg MoAb B3/25 + 0.55 mg HSA, and (c) 0.5 mg MoAb 96.5 + 0.55 mg HSA, respectively. Twenty-four hours later, each mouse was given an intravenous dose of 5 microCi [67Ga] citrate. Biodistribution of activity (percent injected dose per gram) determined 48 hr after injection of 67Ga showed a 75% decrease in tumor uptake in the group of mice that received B3/25 (anti-TFR MoAb) compared with the control group. In contrast, MoAb 96.5 did not show any effect on melanoma uptake of 67Ga. Histologic findings suggest that the decreased uptake was not due to cellular damage resulting from binding of B3/25 to TFR. The results of this study strongly suggest the involvement of TFR in the in vivo tumor uptake of 67Ga. PMID- 3475409 TI - Clinical research: who needs this grief (and why)? PMID- 3475410 TI - Proceedings of the 11th scientific meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. 31 August-3 September 1986. Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3475411 TI - Augmented vasodepressor and sympathetic responses to intracerebroventricular injections of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. AB - The role of the calcium ion in central cardiovascular regulation was investigated by injecting a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem, intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in urethane-anaesthetized, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. This produced a fall in blood pressure and bradycardia with corresponding decreases in abdominal sympathetic nerve activity. However, a similar amount of diltiazem injected intravenously (i.v.) did not affect abdominal sympathetic nerve activity despite an accompanying vasodepression. The responses to i.v. injections of diltiazem were not different between the two groups; however, the magnitude of the blood pressure fall, bradycardia and sympathetic inhibition with i.c.v. injections was greater in the DOCA rats than in the sham-operated animals. These results suggest that diltiazem causes the central nervous system to decrease the sympathetic nerve outflow. The augmented central vasodepressor responses to diltiazem in DOCA salt hypertensive rats may indicate that calcium metabolism in the central nervous system is disrupted and that this is of importance in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. PMID- 3475412 TI - Synergistic pressor action of neuropeptide Y and norepinephrine in conscious rats. AB - The interaction of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and norepinephrine (NE) was studied in conscious unrestrained rats. Neuropeptide Y, administered intravenously (i.v.) in doses of 110 pmol/kg to 1.1 nmol/kg increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and decreased the heart rate (HR) in a dose-dependent way. The pressor effect of NPY (1.1 nmol/kg) was not attenuated by i.v. phentolamine in a dose of 3.1 mumol/kg. Norepinephrine infused at a rate of 89 nmol/kg per h, which had no effect on MAP, did not modulate the pressor effect of NPY. A pressor dose of NE infused at a rate of 266 nmol/kg per h significantly potentiated the pressor effect of NPY. Neuropeptide Y infused at a rate of 3.5 nmol/kg per h had no effect on MAP, and significantly potentiated the pressor effect of i.v. NE. It is concluded from these results that NPY could modulate the cardiovascular action of NE in physiological conditions. PMID- 3475413 TI - Evidence that intracisternal injections of cholecystokinin-8 counteracts the cardiovascular effects of intracisternally injected adrenaline and neuropeptide Y in the alpha-chloralose anaesthetized rat. AB - Recently evidence has been obtained for the coexistence of adrenaline (A), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the same neurons located in the dorsal subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS). Furthermore, receptor autoradiographical studies show a partial overlap between alpha 2, NPY and CCK receptors in this area. In the present study intracisternal (i.c.) co administration of A/CCK-8 SO4 and NPY/CCK-8 SO4 was performed. Sulphated CCK-8 counteracted the hypotensive responses of NPY and A in the alpha-chloralose anaesthetized male rat. One possible explanation may be that the A/NPY/CCK neurons, which may be directly innervated by the baroreceptor afferents, release CCK peptides as endogenous antagonists to modulate the adrenergic/NPY-ergic transmission lines via a receptor-receptor interaction. An additional explanation is the possibility that the interaction between CCK, NPY and adrenaline takes place at the network level. PMID- 3475414 TI - Reactivity to mental stress and cold provocation during long-term treatment with metoprolol, propranolol or hydrochlorothiazide. AB - In a study aimed at comparing the effects of beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics on responses to stressful provocations, 45 essential hypertensives (WHO I-II) were treated with either the selective beta-blocker metoprolol (METO), the non selective beta-blocker propranolol (PROP) or hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) for 6 months. Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines were measured in connection with a mental stress test and a cold pressor test before and during therapy. All drugs reduced outpatient blood pressure similarly, but beta-blockade reduced blood pressure and heart rate levels more efficiently at rest and during stress in the laboratory. Heart rate reactivity to stress was reduced mostly by beta-blockade during mental stress. Blood pressure and sympatho-adrenal reactivity were unchanged by therapy. Stress reactivity failed to predict antihypertensive responses. The results suggest that beta-blockade may be more effective than diuretic treatment in reducing blood pressure levels and cardiac workload as assessed by the rate pressure product in stressful situations. PMID- 3475415 TI - The effect of age on blood pressure and heart rate variability in hypertension. AB - There is confusion in the literature as to the effect of ageing on blood pressure variability. The lack of consistency in reports probably reflects differences in blood pressure measurement techniques and in the choice of statistics used to describe variability. We studied 16 hypertensives (clinical blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg on 3 occasions) over 60 (67 +/- 5.5 years) and 16 under 60 years of age (44 +/- 8.9 years) using the Remler M 2000 ambulatory system to measure blood pressure and heart rate every 30 min during the awake hours of the day. Mean +/- s.e.m. blood pressure and heart rate for the elderly was 168 +/- 2.5/95 +/- 1.0 mmHg and 72 +/- 1.5 beats/min, corresponding values for the young being 162 +/- 5.3/103 +/- 2.1 and 78 +/- 2.5. Four statistics of variability were used: standard deviation, coefficient of variation, range and mean hourly change. Differences between old and young were found only for the range of systolic and diastolic blood pressure which was lower in the elderly (52 +/- 3.9/32 +/- 2.4 versus 67 +/- 5.2/46 +/- 4.8 mmHg, both P less than 0.05) and mean hourly change of heart rate (P less than 0.05). The standard deviation of heart rate was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.37; P less than 0.05). Only the systolic and diastolic blood pressure ranges were found to differ with age; the more rigorous tests of variability, standard deviation and coefficient of variation, were not changed. These data show that in hypertensives of different age but with roughly comparable blood pressure levels, variability of blood pressure is not consistently related to age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475417 TI - Erythrocyte membrane calcium binding in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. AB - Calcium binding to erythrocyte membranes has been determined in patients with essential hypertension (EHT) and normotensive subjects with (NT + FH) and without (NT - FH) a family history of hypertension, to investigate its relationship to high blood pressure. The calcium content of erythrocyte membranes was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after incubation in 0 (basal) or 40 mmol/l (maximal binding) calcium chloride. Basal calcium binding was reduced to a similar extent in both EHT and NT + FH subjects (11.4 +/- 0.5 and 10.9 +/- 0.9 mumol/g protein versus 13.7 +/- 0.6 mumol/g protein in NT - FH, P less than 0.01 for both). Maximal binding showed a similar pattern. These data suggest that cell membrane calcium binding is not directly related to blood pressure elevation but is the result of an inherited cell membrane defect which is present in essential hypertension patients and their relatives and which affects several membrane functions. PMID- 3475416 TI - Relationships between blood pressure and urinary sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in Bantu of Zaire. AB - The relationships between blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were investigated in adult men and women constituting a random sample of urban Bantu of Zaire. Blood pressure and the 24-h urinary sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium averaged 124 +/- 20/72 +/- 14 mmHg, 87 +/- 51 mmol, 33 +/- 19 mmol, 828 +/- 91 mumol and 1.9 +/- 1.6 mmol, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, body weight and pulse rate, systolic pressure was significantly and positively correlated with urinary sodium in all subjects and in women taken separately; it was also negatively correlated with urinary potassium, while diastolic pressure was weakly associated with urinary calcium. When instead of the 24-h urinary sodium and potassium the sodium: potassium ratio was considered as an independent variable in multiple regression analysis, it was correlated with both systolic and diastolic pressure. Our results indicate that age, body weight, pulse rate, sex and the sodium: potassium ratio contribute to the prediction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while urinary calcium was only associated with diastolic pressure. PMID- 3475418 TI - Sodium appetite and 24-hour variations in fluid balance, mean arterial pressure and heart rate in SHR and WKY on various sodium diets. AB - Young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were compared with respect to firstly, sodium (Na) appetite during 'rest', mild social stress and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) injections and secondly, diurnal patterns of water intake, urine output, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) while on various Na diets: 0.5 mmol Na (LNa), 5 or 12-13 mmol Na (CNa), 50 (HNa) or 120 mmol Na (vHNa) per 100 g food. Sodium appetite and water intake, being 50% higher in SHR than in WKY (4-4.5 versus 2.5-3 mmol Na/100 g body weight per day), was modestly increased by both social stress and ACTH, more so in WKY. With regard to influences of the various Na diets, daytime resting MAP was modestly lowered in LNaSHR and slightly increased in vHNaSHR compared with CNaSHR, but about equal in all WKY groups. Food and water consumption was concentrated to the active night period, but even high Na water intakes caused no signs of sustained hypervolaemia, as intake bouts were eliminated by urine within 30-40 min in both SHR and WKY. However, the vHNa diet in particular in SHR increased drinking frequency; each drinking bout induced such rapid, 5-10 min long neurogenic MAP and HR increases that they could not be ascribed to blood volume expansion per se. The diurnal MAP-HR patterns in SHR therefore varied markedly with the Na diets, with a considerably raised average MAP in the vHNa group, even though resting daytime MAP was nearly the same as in CNaSHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475419 TI - Blood pressure regulation on low and high sodium diets in normotensive members of normotensive or hypertensive families. AB - In members of hypertensive families a high sodium intake may have a pressor effect. The mechanism mediating the sodium sensitivity is unclear. Blood pressure, exchangeable sodium, plasma levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin and aldosterone, the pressor response to infused norepinephrine or angiotensin II and the urinary excretion of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2 alpha were measured after 7 days of low sodium diet (urinary sodium 13 +/- 10 s.d. mmol/24 h) and 7 days of high sodium intake (urinary sodium 268 +/- 97 mmol/24 h) in 10 normotensive men without and 13 men with family history of essential hypertension. After the low sodium phase, blood pressure, heart rate, exchangeable sodium, plasma levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, renin and aldosterone, pressor doses of norepinephrine or angiotensin II and the urinary excretion of PGE2 or PGF2 alpha did not differ between the two groups. After the high sodium phase, blood pressure increased only in subjects with positive (P less than 0.05) but not in those with negative family history. In the two groups exchangeable sodium increased (P less than 0.05) and plasma levels of NE (-33% versus -32%), renin (-31% versus -27%) or aldosterone (-74% versus -61%) and pressor doses of NE (-55% versus -54%) or ANG II (-72% versus -44%) decreased by a comparable extent. Urinary PGE2 or PGF2 alpha were unchanged. These findings suggest that a high dietary sodium intake exerts a pressor effect in subjects with familial predisposition to essential hypertension. This pressor effect is not explained by an abnormal adaptation of body sodium, sympathetic activity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, cardiovascular pressor responsiveness and renal prostaglandin excretion to a high sodium diet. PMID- 3475420 TI - Evidence for a digitalis-like substance in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in rats. AB - The origin of an endogenous digitalis-like substance in rats was investigated. The tissue content of the substance measured by radio-immunoassay was highest in the pituitary gland, with a decreasing gradient through the hypothalamus, forebrain, cerebellum, brain stem, heart, liver and kidney. Sodium loading decreased the content in the hypothalamus and increased the urinary excretion of the substance. The urinary output of the substance decreased after electrical lesions of the anteroventral third ventricle in the brain. The content increased in the hypothalamus and decreased in the plasma when the axonal flow of neurosecretion was interrupted with intracerebroventricular injections of colchicine. These results suggest that the digitalis-like substance could be produced in the hypothalamus and secreted from the pituitary gland like vasopressin, and that sodium loading increases the turnover of the substance in the hypothalamus. PMID- 3475421 TI - Total intracellular calcium content and sodium transport in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive patients. AB - To estimate the amount of Ca bound to the inner aspect of the membrane of human erythrocytes, a method was developed to determine the total intracellular calcium content (Cai) using flameless atomic absorption. The mean Cai was 1.65 +/- 0.34 mumol/l cells in normotensive individuals (range 1.1-2.4). In untreated essential hypertensive patients Cai was slightly reduced, the difference being not significant. Antihypertensive treatment possibly affects Cai. Plasma ionized Ca and total plasma Ca tended to be lower and higher in the hypertensive patients, respectively. The activities of red cell Na-K co-transport, Na-Li exchange and the Na-K pump were inversely correlated to Cai in normotensives (P less than 0.05). The relations of Cai to Na-K co-transport and Na-Li exchange were displaced to higher values in untreated essential hypertensive patients. PMID- 3475422 TI - Early cardiovascular changes in adolescents with high blood pressure values. AB - To assess the type and degree of cardiovascular involvement in the early phases of hypertension, 46 adolescents with casual blood pressure (BP) greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex (23 males and 23 females, mean age 14 years) were studied by M-mode echocardiography. Twenty-seven adolescents with casual BP about the 50th percentile, 17 males and 10 females, matched for age, were studied as controls. Adolescents with casual high BP values showed an increase in left ventricular mass (P less than 0.01) and wall thickness to radius (h:R) ratio (P less than 0.01) in comparison to controls. Cardiac index was increased and was correlated with left ventricular mass in hypertensive subjects (P less than 0.05). The correlation between cardiac output and left ventricular mass suggests that cardiac output is a factor in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3475423 TI - Levels of brain angiotensin in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and treatment with ramiprilat. AB - Previous studies have indicated that brain angiotensin II (ANG II) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) may play an important role in the maintenance of hypertension. Preventing the synthesis of ANG II leads to a reduction in blood pressure and, therefore, brain ANG II levels in the SHR should be higher or have increased turnover than in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. To investigate this issue we have dissected discrete areas of the brain from SHR and WKY and extracted, purified and quantified brain ANG II. Significantly higher levels were found in the hypothalamus, striatum, cortex and cerebellum in SHR compared to WKY. The new converting enzyme inhibitor, ramiprilat, injected centrally lowered blood pressure by synthesis inhibition but measurements of brain ANG II after ramiprilat did not indicate increased turnover. Further analysis of the peptide fragments needs to be done before turnover rates can be fully understood. PMID- 3475424 TI - Manipulation of aminopeptidase activities: differential effects on iontophoretically applied angiotensins in rat brain. AB - During a recent comparison of iontophoretically applied angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin III (ANG III) in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat we observed that ANG III was more potent than ANG II. This suggested that ANG II may have to be converted to ANG III before it becomes active. To test this hypothesis we performed two experiments. Firstly, we examined the effects of bestatin, an aminopeptidase B inhibitor, on the activity of applied ANG II and ANG III. Next, we monitored the effects of amastatin, a specific aminopeptidase A inhibitor, on the action of coapplied ANG II or ANG III. Bestatin, while having no activity of its own, dramatically enhanced the actions of both ANG II and ANG III. Amastatin, on the other hand, had little effect on ANG III's action and diminished or totally blocked ANG II-dependent activity. Like bestatin, amastatin had no effects alone. In total these results strongly support the notion that ANG II must be converted to ANG III in the brain before it is activated. PMID- 3475425 TI - Volhard lecture: sympatho-renal interactions and blood pressure control. AB - Among the various mechanisms of cardiovascular control that might be involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, either as causative or as maintaining factors, attention has long ben devoted to the sympathetic nervous system and to the kidney. There is increasing evidence that the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney can interact in various ways, the kidney being both a target of sympathetic activity and a source of influences on the sympathetic system. The positive-feedback nature of most of these interactions suggests that sympatho renal interactions participate in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, both when the initiating factor is neural and when it is renal. PMID- 3475426 TI - Heightened pressor effect and dipsogenicity to intracerebroventricularly applied angiotensin II and III in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effect of acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of angiotensin II and III (ANG II and ANG III; 0, 1, 10 and 100 pmol in 2 microliters artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on blood pressure and water consumption was investigated in Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) normotensive controls. Heightened sensitivity to i.c.v. ANG II and ANG III was observed in the SHR compared with the WKY and SD strains (P less than 0.001), for both pressor and drinking responses. In addition, i.c.v. treatment with an aminopeptidase B inhibitor, bestatin (20 nmol in 1 microliter artificial CSF) significantly potentiated the heightened pressor response to i.c.v.-injected ANG II and ANG III (100 pmol) in SHR and to a lesser degree in WKY animals compared with SD controls (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that a dysfunction in central aminopeptidase activity results in an extended life of endogenous angiotensins, and perhaps other peptides that may contribute to the high blood pressure seen in this animal model of human essential hypertension. PMID- 3475427 TI - Partial characterization of angiotensin II-like material extracted from the rat brain. AB - Angiotensin II (ANG II)-like material was detected in acid extracts of rat brain using radio-immunoassay (RIA) and a radioreceptor assay (RRA). This material, expressed as ANG II equivalents, corresponded to 131 +/- 20 fmol/g and 33 +/- 4 pmol/g as assessed by RIA and RRA respectively. Such quantitative differences indicated that the brain material did not behave as authentic ANG II in both assays, and further chromatographic investigations confirmed this inference. In particular, gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 and TSK Spherogel 3000 SW revealed that the apparent molecular weight of ANG II-like material was much higher (approximately 5000-7000) than that of authentic ANG II. Furthermore, in contrast to the marked hypertension due to ANG II, a decrease in blood pressure (BP) was observed in rats following the systemic administration of chromatographic eluates enriched with brain ANG II-like material. PMID- 3475428 TI - Association of decreased plasma cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin binding capacity in patients with essential hypertension and their first degree relatives. AB - Both plasma cortisol and total corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity were lower in 210 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (EH) and their 66 hypertensive first degree relatives, compared with 171 controls. However, both variables were similar in 84 normotensive relatives to those found in control subjects showing extensive variation over the entire control-EH range. The association of reduced plasma cortisol and CBG binding capacity in EH may be closely related to altered steroid metabolism which may be partly explained by an abnormality mimicking a relative deficiency in adrenal 17 alpha- and 11 beta-hydroxylation. One manifestation of this disorder in EH is an increase in the secretion rate and plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) which is bound with high-affinity to a low-capacity specific plasma globulin and accounts for most of the digitalis-like activity of human plasma. PMID- 3475429 TI - Australian National Health and Medical Research Council dietary salt study in mild hypertension. AB - Two-hundred-and-twelve untreated subjects (mean age 52.3 +/- 0.8 years; 181 males and 31 females) with a diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 100 mmHg were recruited to the study. Subjects were seen fortnightly and, after 4 pre-diet visits, were randomized into a normal diet group (A, 55 subjects), a high potassium diet group (B, 52 subjects receiving greater than 100 mmol K+/day) a reduced-sodium diet group (C, 52 subjects receiving 50-75 mmol Na+/day) or a high potassium and low-sodium diet group (D, 53 subjects receiving same Na+ and K+ as groups B and C). Two-hundred subjects completed the diet phase of 12 weeks. Urine sodium fell to 86 +/- 7 mmol/day in group C and 73 +/- 6 mmol/day in group D, while daily potassium excretion rose to 96 +/- 5 mmol in group B and 87 +/- 4 mmol in group C. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell by 3.8 +/- 1.0 and 1.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg respectively in the normal diet group. The falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mmHg) in the diet phase were 7.7 +/- 1.1 and 4.7 +/- 0.7 (B), 8.9 +/- 1.0 and 5.8 +/- 0.6 (C) and 7.9 +/- 0.9 and 4.2 +/- 0.7 (D). These falls were all greater than those in the control group on an intention-to treat analysis (P less than 0.005) but did not differ from each other. Factorial analysis confirmed that the falls in pressure attributable to the low-sodium diet and high-potassium diet were not additive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475430 TI - Influence of antihypertensive drug treatment on morbidity and mortality in patients over the age of 60 years. European Working Party on High blood pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE) results: sub-group analysis on entry stratification. AB - The European Working Party on High blood pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE) trial was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of antihypertensive treatment in patients over the age of 60 years. Entry criteria included both a sitting diastolic blood pressure on placebo treatment in the range of 90-119 mmHg and a systolic blood pressure in the range of 160-239 mmHg. Eight-hundred and forty patients were randomly assigned either to active treatment (hydrochlorothiazide + triamterene) or a matching placebo. If blood pressure remained elevated methyldopa was added to the active regimen and matching placebo to the placebo regimen. Before randomization, the patients were stratified in eight strata according to sex, age groups between 60 and 69 years or 70 years and over, and the presence or absence of cardiovascular complications of hypertension. Both the intention-to-treat and 'on randomized treatment' analyses suggested a benefit from active treatment in men and women. Formal statistical significance was achieved for male cardiovascular mortality (intention-to-treat analyses) and for cardiovascular events in females. Although the event rates were greater for patients with previous cardiovascular events and patients over the age of 70 years, the percentage reduction in cardiovascular events was similar in these groups to those without complications and in patients between 60 and 69 years of age. However, little benefit from treatment could be demonstrated in patients over the age of 80 years. The presence or absence of smoking had no influence on response to treatment in these elderly patients. PMID- 3475431 TI - Cardiac polyamine metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of antihypertensive treatment. AB - The importance of changes in polyamine metabolism for myocardial growth was assessed by measuring the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines spermidine, spermine and putrescine in hearts from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The rats were 30-weeks-old and had received 6 weeks treatment with either minoxidil (0.08 mg/ml) or alpha methyldopa (5 mg/ml in drinking water). Left ventricular ODC activity was greater in the untreated SHR than the WKY rats at 4, 16 and 20 weeks of age. Spermidine content was consistently raised and spermine content reduced in the untreated SHR left ventricles, resulting in the high spermidine/spermine ratios characteristic of rapidly growing systems. Minoxidil treatment increased left ventricular weight and spermidine (83 and 61% in WKY and SHR rats, respectively) and spermine (44 and 28%) content. Methyldopa also caused an increase in left ventricular spermidine content (30 and 57% in WKY and SHR rats, respectively) despite a marked reduction in ventricular mass. Thus the ventricular hypertrophy in SHR rats is accompanied by enhanced synthesis and accumulation of polyamines. The fact that myocardial spermidine content increased during methyldopa treatment, which reduced myocardial mass, suggests that the polyamines are not causally related to the development of ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3475432 TI - Alterations of energy metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - We quantified high-energy phosphate metabolites in hypertensive hypertrophied and normal myocardium and monitored temporal changes using the non-invasive 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Hearts from 18 month spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were perfused with a phosphate-free buffer at 10 cc/min per g and paced at 240 beats/min on a modified Langendorff apparatus. Perfusion pressure, left ventricular pressure (LVP) and dP/dt were recorded and successive 31P NMR spectra were collected during a 24-min baseline period (oxygenated buffer), anoxia (N2-bubbled and glucose-free buffer) until a 70% fall in LVP occurred, and recovery. An aminomethylphosphonate standard, located within the LVP balloon, permitted absolute quantification of myocardial phosphate moieties (including inorganic phosphate (Pi), creatine phosphate (CP) and ATP). During perfusion, SHR hearts demonstrated higher coronary resistance but no significant differences in LVP or dP/dt. Spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts had lower CP, ATP and CP/Pi ratio and showed a faster fall in cardiac function during anoxia, associated with parallel rates of changes in the phosphate moieties. PMID- 3475433 TI - Reducing the risks of blood transfusion. PMID- 3475434 TI - Controlling the quality of surgical care. PMID- 3475435 TI - Cervical extension-flexion injury (whiplash) and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Twenty-eight patients with post-whiplash temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms were assessed. Internal derangements were seen arthrographically in 22/25 patients. These observations were confirmed in the 10 patients who elected to have surgery. PMID- 3475436 TI - CT evaluation of TMJ disc replacement with a Proplast-Teflon laminate. AB - A series of 12 temporomandibular joints treated by discectomy and replacement with Proplast nonporous Teflon laminates were examined retrospectively using direct sagittal and coronal computed tomography. Radiographic findings included severe condylar, glenoid fossa, and eminence remodeling changes; implant migration and fragmentation; and loss of implant adaptation to the temporal bone. The radiographic changes generally occurred in patients who were completely asymptomatic clinically. PMID- 3475437 TI - Recognition of profile change after simulated orthognathic surgery. AB - Fifty-one oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 52 orthodontists, 51 orthognathic surgery patients, and 100 lay persons evaluated life-size lateral photographs of two male and two female subjects that had been altered to simulate varying amounts of surgical correction of mandibular retrognathism and prognathism. A horizontal change at pogonion of less than 4 mm was generally not recognized by more than half of the lay groups. The dental groups were more accurate, but even they did not achieve better than 80% recognition until 6 mm of change. Both the dental and lay groups recognized change more easily in the female and the prognathic subjects. When asked which feature appeared changed, dentists generally indicated the chin and lay groups the lips. PMID- 3475439 TI - Further refinement and evaluation of intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. AB - Eighty-nine patients were treated with a modified procedure for intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Complications were virtually eliminated except for damage to the inferior alveolar nerve. Acute nerve damage occurred in about 36% of operated sides. Seventy-four percent of these damaged nerves recovered fully by one year. Only 8% of operated sides had persistent diminished sensation, usually mild, of the lower lip and chin. It is concluded that this technique should be seriously considered for mandibular ramus osteotomies when the mandible is going to be retruded or minimally moved in any other direction. PMID- 3475438 TI - Histologic evaluation of gingival response to an electrosurgical blade. AB - Lateral heat production during the use of electrosurgical procedures in the oral cavity causes denaturation of the connective tissue adjacent to the incision line. This study evaluated the denatured zone following electrosurgery incision in dog gingiva with a traditional tungston wire electrode and a no. 15 surgical blade adapted for electrosurgery use. The effects of using a passive electrode during surgical procedures and using an "autosensor" circuit to control power adjustment were also evaluated. It was found that a surgical blade adapted for electrosurgery produces a zone of denatured tissue that is not statistically different from that produced with a wire electrode. Moreover, no differences were noted between incisions produced with manual power adjustment and those with power controlled by the "autosensor" circuit. A significantly wider zone of denatured tissue was produced when incisions were made without a passive electrode in place. PMID- 3475440 TI - Intraoral presentation of American Burkitt's lymphoma after extraction of a mandibular left third molar. PMID- 3475441 TI - Multiple dentigerous cysts of the maxilla and mandible: report of a case. PMID- 3475442 TI - Noninfectious acute upper airway obstruction (pseudo-Ludwig phenomenon): report of a case. PMID- 3475443 TI - Bradycardia during elevation of a zygomatic arch fracture. AB - A case of bradycardia occurring during elevation of a zygomatic arch fracture is reported and possible mechanisms for the phenomenon are discussed. This case report serves to alert oral and maxillofacial surgeons and anesthesiologists to a possible hazard during surgical elevation of a fractured zygomatic arch. PMID- 3475444 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the mandibular ramus. PMID- 3475445 TI - Brown tumor in the palate associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - A case of brown tumor on the hard palate associated with primary hyperparathyroidism is reported. The diagnosis was suggested by the oral findings and clinical history and confirmed by biochemical determinations. Excision of a parathyroid adenoma normalized the metabolic situation and at a one-year follow up the palatal tumor had diminished in size and lamina dura was partially regenerated. PMID- 3475446 TI - A solitary bone cyst possibly caused by removal of an impacted third molar. PMID- 3475447 TI - Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare lesion. A review of the literature revealed 19 previously reported cases. A case is presented in which a sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland was diagnosed 20 years after the first symptoms. Histologic and cytologic features are presented and the possible histogenesis discussed. PMID- 3475448 TI - Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma. PMID- 3475449 TI - The lateral craniofacial cephalometric radiograph. AB - A technique is presented that allows the clinician to produce a lateral skull cephalometric radiograph that is suitable for construction of the architectural and structural analysis of Delaire involving only minor alterations in existing equipment. An appropriate combination of film type screen and cassette is recommended. PMID- 3475450 TI - An orthognathic surgical record form. PMID- 3475451 TI - Eating disorders and substance abuse. PMID- 3475452 TI - Selective labeling of serotonin uptake sites in rat brain by [3H]citalopram contrasted to labeling of multiple sites by [3H]imipramine. AB - Citalopram is a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin uptake. In rat brain membranes [3H]citalopram demonstrates saturable and reversible binding with a KD of 0.8 nM and a maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) of 570 fmol/mg of protein. The drug specificity for [3H]citalopram binding and synaptosomal serotonin uptake are closely correlated. Inhibition of [3H]citalopram binding by both serotonin and imipramine is consistent with a competitive interaction in both equilibrium and kinetic analyses. The autoradiographic pattern of [3H]citalopram binding sites closely resembles the distribution of serotonin. By contrast, detailed equilibrium-saturation analysis of [3H]imipramine binding reveals two binding components, i.e., high affinity (KD = 9 nM, Bmax = 420 fmol/mg of protein) and low affinity (KD = 553 nM, Bmax = 8560 fmol/mg of protein) sites. Specific [3H]imipramine binding, defined as the binding inhibited by 100 microM desipramine, is displaced only partially by serotonin. Various studies reveal that the serotonin-sensitive portion of binding corresponds to the high affinity sites of [3H]imipramine binding whereas the serotonin-insensitive binding corresponds to the low affinity sites. Lesioning of serotonin neurons with p-chloroamphetamine causes a large decrease in [3H]citalopram and serotonin sensitive [3H]imipramine binding with only a small effect on serotonin insensitive [3H]imipramine binding. The dissociation rate of [3H]imipramine or [3H]citalopram is not altered by citalopram, imipramine or serotonin up to concentrations of 10 microM. The regional distribution of serotonin sensitive [3H]imipramine high affinity binding sites closely resembles that of [3H]citalopram binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475453 TI - How the law affects the dentist. AB - Dentists should obtain from their local governmental dental licensing board a copy of the regulations that control their professional lives. These regulations should not be taken lightly because failure to follow them has cost practitioners their licenses and their livelihoods. Taking an active role in dental-related litigation is totally under the prosthodontist's control. His expertise is in extreme demand by insurance companies, our court system, and fellow professionals. Prosthodontists have the right to be selective in which matters they become involved but they should always be prepared, be thorough, and be objective. PMID- 3475455 TI - Use of anesthetic warming device to maintain light-cured composite at mouth temperature. PMID- 3475456 TI - A method to remove a fixed partial denture. PMID- 3475454 TI - A standardized system for evoking masseteric silent periods with decreased variance. AB - Masseteric silent periods have been evoked in a group of normal subjects under a standardized system and under nonstandardized conditions. In the designed system, head position, electrode placement, bite force, tap force, direction of tap, and surface zone of tap force delivery were controlled. Analysis of data confirmed the hypothesis that standardization of the procedure for eliciting the silent period results in measurements of duration with decreased standard deviations and variances. In the present study, under the standardized system the SPD range of standard deviations was between 1.37 and 3.68 (mean 2.97) and the range of variances was between 1.89 and 13.54 (mean 8.85). The recorded low variability suggests a high degree of reproducibility of the system. High reproducibility and low variability of measurements are necessary if an accurate measure of silent period duration is to be achieved and used in the interpretation of diagnostic findings for craniomandibular disorders. PMID- 3475457 TI - A dislodged and swallowed unilateral removable partial denture. PMID- 3475458 TI - Compatibility of type IV dental stones with polyvinyl siloxane impression materials. PMID- 3475459 TI - Fracture toughness of provisional resins for fixed prosthodontics. AB - Six resins for treatment restorations were tested to determine fracture resistance. The resins were broadly categorized chemically as: one epimine, two poly(methyl methacrylate)s, one composite, and two poly (R' methacrylate)s. Miniature compact tension specimens were molded and then cured for 5 minutes at atmospheric pressure or at an additional pressure of approximately 0.14 MPa. A commercially available pressure vessel was used for curing. The epimine and two poly(methyl methacrylate) resins demonstrated the greatest fracture toughness whereas poly (R' methacrylate) had the lowest. The composite, representing a new class of provisional material, recorded an intermediate fracture toughness. The use of a pressure vessel during polymerization did not significantly increase the fracture toughness of the six resins. There was minimal effect of pressure on the surface of the specimens but it reduced the internal porosity evident in the atmospheric pressure-cured specimens. PMID- 3475460 TI - Impact-fracture energy of human premolar teeth. AB - The fracture strength of contralateral pairs of premolar teeth was determined by an in vitro method wherein impact loads of equal energy were applied to the medial aspects of the buccal cusps. Absorbed energy values quantified the fracture resistance of unprepared teeth and teeth restored with MOD amalgams, MOD amalgam overlays, MOD gold overlays, and full gold crowns. It was established that unprepared lower premolar teeth had a greater resistance to fracture than upper premolar teeth, and lower first premolar teeth were more resistant to fracture than the other premolar teeth; the fracture resistance of premolar teeth restored with MOD amalgams was significantly reduced compared with unprepared control teeth; MOD amalgam overlays in premolar teeth produced fracture resistances not significantly different from those for the unprepared controls; and restoration of premolar teeth with MOD gold overlays and full gold crowns enhanced fracture resistance to a level much greater than that of the unprepared control teeth. PMID- 3475461 TI - Cavity design for class II composite restorations. AB - Preparation design for posterior composite restorations should differ from that for amalgam restorations in the following manner. Occlusal form should be narrower and the depth shallower. The proximal extensions (facial and lingual) should be placed in areas that can be seen, probed, and polished. Internal line angles should be rounded and retenive grooves placed in proximal line angles (axiofacial and axiolingual) and the gingival wall. Beveling is recommended for proximal margins but not for occlusal margins. PMID- 3475462 TI - Implant dentistry: the significance of a team approach. AB - The predictability of osseointegrated dental implants has revolutionized the combined surgical and prosthodontic care for the partially and totally edentulate patient. Nevertheless, with the proliferation of various types of implant systems, discretion becomes significant. The coordination and communication of the treatment objectives described will provide optimum results. Although the Branemark endosseous implant has been used as the role model, the principles outlined apply to any dental implant system. PMID- 3475463 TI - Oral complications following radiation therapy: a five-year retrospective report. AB - Oral complications following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer are common. A retrospective review of histories of 324 patients seen over a 5-year period by both the Radiation Oncology Department and the Dental Service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center is presented. ORN developed in only six patients during the interval. PMID- 3475464 TI - Contour of class V composite restorations. AB - For class V composite restorations, reproducing the natural contour of the tooth may best be attained with the use of a matrix. The matrix techniques that produced the best contours were the compound index with the plastic sheath or Mylar strip, and those among the worst used the composite instrument with and without alcohol. PMID- 3475465 TI - Effect of an intraoral splint on head and neck posture. PMID- 3475466 TI - Head angulation and variations in the maxillomandibular relationship. Part I: The effects on the vertical dimension of occlusion. AB - A study of a small patient sample sought to assess the effects of head angulation on the vertical dimension of occlusion. In some patients, increasing the head angulations showed a positive tendency of displacement, whereas in others the displacements were negative. Most displacements were mixed and irregular. A mathematical analysis revealed no correlation and no significance in the relationship of displacement versus the progressive changes in head angulation. The tested hypothesis was that the vertical dimension of occlusion would increase (or progressively alter) as the angulation of the head was progressively increased. Twelve attempts failed to produce a recognizable and mathematically acceptable pattern of distortion. This experiment failed to support the widely held hypothesis that the patient should be seated in an upright position to prevent distortion of the recording of VDO. It appears that the best recommendation for patient posture during the establishment of the maxillomandibular relationship is one that is comfortable for the patient and is easy for the dentist to obtain the recording. PMID- 3475467 TI - Dental hygienists' knowledge, opinions, and use of pit and fissure sealants: a comparison of two states. AB - This article reports results of a study of 563 practicing Minnesota and Wisconsin dental hygienists' knowledge, opinions, and use of pit and fissure sealants. The study was carried out six months prior to the 1983 NIH Consensus Development Conference on Dental Sealants in the Prevention of Tooth Decay. It therefore provides baseline information for two states prior to the initiation of widespread public information about the positive value of sealants that occurred as a result of that conference. Such baseline information is relevant for future studies of the diffusion of adoption of this caries-preventive technology by dental hygienists. Two independent samples were selected randomly from the populations of licensed dental hygienists residing in the two states. Data were collected using a 42-item mailed questionnaire, with an 84 percent response. Data were analyzed for both interstate and intrastate comparisons. Respondents were generally knowledgeable and had favorable opinions about sealants, although they had low levels of training in their use. Sealants were being used in 54 percent of the offices in which respondents practiced, with the dentist placing them most often. Among hygienists who applied sealants at all, more than two-thirds did so three or fewer times per week. Eighty-four percent indicated they would like to apply sealants more often. The most frequent reasons given for nonuse were lack of acceptance by the dentist-employer and nondelegation. PMID- 3475468 TI - Caries and treatment patterns in children related to school lunch program eligibility. AB - This article presents the caries prevalence and treatment patterns of children relative to a classification of family economic status, based on the child's eligibility for the free or reduced-cost school lunch program. Dental caries prevalence is reported for children aged 8-11 years at the beginning of a longitudinal clinical trial in the nonfluoridated city of Tampa, Florida. These children were placed into one of three school lunch subsidy categories--poverty, near-poverty, and nonpoverty--using federal government income eligibility guidelines for the school lunch program. The results support an inverse relation of caries prevalence to economic status, as well as the expected direct relation of family income to treatment needs met. The nonpoverty group exhibited the lowest number of decayed surfaces and had nearly 70 percent of their treatment needs met. The poverty group had significantly higher scores both for total caries experience (DMFS) and decayed surfaces (DS) than either of the other groups. Filled surfaces (FS) scores were not significantly different for any of the groups. This method of classifying children by school lunch program eligibility is considered valid because of the rigorous requirements used in determining family income, as well as the thorough verification procedure that is applied. The method is easy to use once officials have been convinced that confidentiality will be maintained. PMID- 3475469 TI - Update on Australia. PMID- 3475470 TI - The efficient use of the hygienist: how is the public best served? PMID- 3475471 TI - Synthesis of glycopyranosylphosphonate analogues of certain natural nucleoside diphosphate sugars as potential inhibitors of glycosyltransferases. AB - The synthesis of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-, alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-, and alpha-D mannopyranosylphosphonate is described. Condensation of tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite with 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(phenylmethyl)-1-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose generated 2,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-(phenylmethyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranosylphosphonic acetic anhydride (13). The benzyl blocking groups were removed by catalytic hydrogenation, and the anhydride bond was cleaved by alkaline hydrolysis to obtain alpha-D-glucopyranosylphosphonate (15). alpha-D Galactopyranosylphosphonate (17) and alpha-D-mannopyranosylphosphonate (19) were also similarly synthesized. The anomeric configuration of 15 was assigned by single-crystal X-ray analysis, and the structural assignments of 17 and 19 were made on the basis of comparative NMR spectral studies. Compound 15 was then coupled with adenosine 5'-phosphoric di-n-butylphosphinothioic anhydride in dry pyridine to give adenosine 5'-phosphoric alpha-D-glucopyranosylphosphonic anhydride (23). Similarly, uridine 5'-phosphoric alpha-D galactopyranosylphosphonic anhydride (24) and guanosine 5'-phosphoric alpha-D mannopyranosylphosphonic anhydride (25) were synthesized from 17 and 19, respectively. With ovalbumin as an acceptor for [3H]galactose, provided by UDP [3H]galactose, only uridine 5'-phosphoric alpha-D-galactopyranosylphosphonic anhydride (24) was shown to inhibit glycoprotein beta-D-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38), with an apparent Ki equal to 165 microM. Even though these ionic compounds hardly penetrate the cell membrane, preliminary in vitro antitumor screening shows that compounds 23 and 25 are slightly active against human B lymphoblastic leukemia and human T-lymphoblastic leukemia. None of these compounds show any antiviral activity. PMID- 3475472 TI - Synthesis of certain nucleoside methylenediphosphonate sugars as potential inhibitors of glycosyltransferases. AB - The synthesis of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-(methylenediphosphonate) (11), alpha-D galactopyranosyl 1-(methylenediphosphonate) (14), and alpha-D-mannopyranosyl 1 (methylenediphosphonate) (17) has been accomplished. [(Di phenoxyphosphinyl)methyl]phosphonic acid (diphenyl-MDP) (5), synthesized by two different procedures, was fused with beta-D-glucopyranose pentaacetate followed by catalytic hydrogenation to give 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl methylenediphosphonate (glucose-MDP) (10). The anomeric configuration of 10 was assigned on the basis of NMR spectral studies. Condensation of 10 with 2',3'-di-O acetyladenosine was accomplished by using 1-(mesitylene-2-sulfonyl)-3-nitro-1,2,4 triazole (MSNT) as coupling agent, and removal of the blocking groups gave adenosine 5'-[(alpha-D-glucopyranosylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]phosphonate (20). Uridine 5'-[(alpha-D-galactopyranosylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl] phosphonate (23) and guanosine 5'-[(alpha-D-mannopyranosylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]phosphonate (26) were similarly prepared. Using a specific glycoprotein galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38) assay, uridine 5'-[(alpha-D galactopyranosylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]phosphonate (23) demonstrated competitive inhibition with an apparent Ki of 97 microM. The adenosine analogue did not inhibit the enzyme. None of the above compounds show any in vitro antitumor or antiviral activity. Such specific inhibitors of glycosyltransferases may serve as specific probes to study various glycosyltransferases that might be involved in the process of metastasis. PMID- 3475473 TI - Substance use, eating behaviors, and social impairment of medical students. AB - Self-report instruments assessing substance use, eating behaviors, social adjustment, and depression were distributed to all 329 first- and second-year medical students at a private northeastern university. Two-hundred students (61 percent) completed the questionnaires. Thirty-five students (17.5 percent) were found to be at risk for substance (alcohol and psychoactive drugs) abuse, of whom 13 were found to be at high risk. Thirty-three students (16.5 percent) were found to be at risk for an eating disorder, of whom only one was at high risk. Risk for eating disorders was greater for the female students, but risk for substance abuse was not related to gender. Psychosocial impairment and depression were associated with risk for either eating disorders or substance abuse. PMID- 3475474 TI - Failure of a ventilator alarm to detect patient disconnection. AB - An East Ventilator pressure monitor, Model VPM, used with an East Radcliffe PNA I Ventilator, failed to detect a patient disconnection at the distal end of the catheter mount. An investigation was undertaken to show why this system failed by measuring pressure and flow whilst using a variety of catheter mounts. It was concluded that the use of the East Ventilarm pressure monitor in conjunction with a pressure generator ventilator is unsuitable for detecting disconnections at the distal end of the catheter mount, the most frequent site of disconnection. Possible alternative methods of detecting this type of disconnection are suggested. PMID- 3475475 TI - Giving credit where credit is due. PMID- 3475476 TI - Effects of caffeine administered during pregnancy on fetal development and subsequent function in the adult rat: prolonged effects on a second generation. AB - Caffeine, when administered in moderate (30 mg/kg X d) or high (60 mg/kg X d) doses during pregnancy, was shown to cause significant fetal growth retardation of both sexes. Mortality rate at or soon after birth was significantly higher and litter size significantly lower in the litters treated with 60 mg. The subsequent growth rates were also affected. The experimental pups grew more slowly, with growth plateauing at the same age resulting in smaller adults. The male offspring when subjected to short-term stress (one session) in adulthood showed an intact emergency response, demonstrating an adequate ability to react to a sudden environmental change. A significant decrease in 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity, and consequent reduction in testosterone biosynthesis, in the fetal testes at d 18 and 20 of gestation was also found for both doses of caffeine. Low 3 beta-HSD activity persisted to adulthood in the group receiving 60 mg. Lingering effects were observed in a second litter bred 8 wk after the discontinuation of caffeine consumption. In this second breeding, the offspring of both sexes from both caffeine doses were born significantly smaller when compared to the controls. Persistent effects of caffeine were also found in second-generation rats bred from females who were exposed to caffeine in utero. The pups of both sexes were born significantly heavier after a significantly longer gestation. The subsequent growth did not differ from that of the controls. It was suggested that a changed genetic program in the ovarian germ cells of the first generation and/or a changed uterine environment in the second generation may be implicated. PMID- 3475477 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in low-incidence areas. How safe is unsafe sex? AB - Serum specimens from the cohort of persons who attended sexually transmitted disease clinics in New Mexico during a two-month period were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody. Twenty-seven (2.0%) of 1374 serum specimens had repeatedly low-positive reactions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing, and 22 (1.6%) had repeatedly high-positive reactions. All sera (sufficient for testing by Western blot) with low-positive reactions gave negative results, and all sera (sufficient for testing by Western blot) with high positive reactions gave positive results. All persons whose serum had high positive reactions were male. Most (86%) had been seen at the only urban sexually transmitted disease clinic in New Mexico, and most (72%) were openly gay or bisexual. Of all gay and bisexual men evaluated, 14% (16/112) had high-positive reactions. Rapid plasma reagin positivity was significantly associated with HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay low (false) positivity. The relatively high rate of HIV seropositivity among gay men with other sexually transmitted diseases indicates that transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is continuing in this low-incidence area and documents the need for testing and counseling programs in sexually transmitted disease clinics. PMID- 3475479 TI - The Joint Commission looks to the future. PMID- 3475478 TI - Male-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Ninety-seven female sexual partners of 93 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus were studied. All of the women had sexual contact within the year before their partner had been diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or was found to have a positive reaction on the human immunodeficiency virus serologic test. Fifty-seven percent were the partners of bisexual men. Overall, 23% of the women were infected (95% confidence interval, 15% to 32%). The total number of exposures to the index case (sexual contacts with ejaculation) and the specific practice of anal intercourse, also with the infected partner, were associated with transmission. Neither condom use, total number of sexual partners since 1978, nor lifetime number of sexually transmitted diseases was associated with infection. PMID- 3475480 TI - [The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha infusion into the pulmonary artery of the nonventilated lung on the venous admixture and pulmonary blood flow during one lung ventilation in patients and dogs]. PMID- 3475481 TI - [A new ventilator for small experimental animals]. PMID- 3475482 TI - [Clinical study on effects of cefmetazole on severe infections accompanied by hematologic diseases]. AB - Severe infections accompanied by hematopathy under granulocytopenic conditions were treated with cefmetazole (CMZ). Subject diseases mainly consisted of acute leukemia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia; combined infections were septicemia, pneumonia, fever of an undetermined origin, etc. As for causative organisms found in cases that could be examined, Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated, as was Staphylococcus aureus. In general, 4 g of CMZ divided into 2 administrations was given per day through intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion. On the basis of the judgement criteria for effectiveness established by Takaku et al., the efficacy rate in this study was found to be 68%, including 2 cases that showed excellent responses to treatment of infections caused by S. aureus. Cases that showed pyretolysis within 4 days had over 1,000/microliter of neutrophils, while cases with less than 1,000/microliter showed no pyretolysis. No hepatorenal dysfunctions related to the treatment with CMZ were seen as side effects except increases of transaminase in 1 case. These results indicate that CMZ is a useful drug for the treatment of infections accompanied by hematopathy under granulocytopenic condition. PMID- 3475483 TI - [Nationwide study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Proteus group in Japan]. AB - We discussed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Proteus group isolated in 1983 and 1984 and also the annual changes of the susceptibilities from 1980 to 1984. The tested strains were isolated in 103 hospitals in Japan. Antibiotics tested for this study were ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), and gentamicin (GM). The MIC's were determined by the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Susceptibilities of the bacterial strains to the 4 antibiotics were described below: 1. Proteus mirabilis had good susceptibilities to all the antibiotics tested. 2. Susceptibilities of Proteus vulgaris were low to ABPC and CEZ, but high to CMZ and GM. 3. Proteus morganii showed low susceptibilities to ABPC and CEZ, and moderate to CMZ and GM. 4. Susceptibilities of Proteus rettgeri were low to ABPC and CEZ, and 25-40% of the strains were resistant to CMZ and GM. 5. Proteus inconstance had low susceptibilities to ABPC and CEZ, but fairly good to CMZ. About 55% of the strains showed resistance to GM. 6. There were no significant annual changes in susceptibilities of P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. morganii to ABPC, CEZ and CMZ during the period from 1980 to 1984, but decreased susceptibilities to GM were noted in 1982. 7. There was no evidence of changes in susceptibilities of strains of P. rettgeri to ABPC and CMZ, but a tendency of decreasing susceptibilities to CEZ was shown from 1981. 8. P. inconstance showed no major changes in susceptibilities to ABPC, CMZ and GM. 9. Frequencies of resistant strains with MIC of 25 micrograms per ml or more in P. mirabilis, P. morganii and P. rettgeri were higher in 1982 and/or 1983 than the other years. PMID- 3475484 TI - [Total femur replacement in osteogenic sarcoma of the femur]. AB - A 14-year-old girl was admitted with a diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma of the distal femur. Pre-operative chemotherapy was effective, and sclerosis of the lesion made clear the presence of a proximal femoral and pulmonary metastasis. Total femur and knee joint replacement with titanium alloy was made after a total resection of the femur. Her post-operative clinical course was excellent without local recurrence. Now, 14 months after the operation, she can walk without crutches. We wish to emphasize that the presence of a pulmonary metastasis is not absolutely a contraindication as long as the tumor appears surgically resectable and responsive to per-operative chemotherapy. PMID- 3475485 TI - [Comparative studies of intermittent melphalan and prednisolone (MP) versus 5 drug regimen (QUVMP) and 3-drug regimen (QUP) in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3475486 TI - [A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)--serum LDH level in ALL and its relation with DIC]. PMID- 3475487 TI - [Hereditary spherocytosis presenting with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3475488 TI - [A case of chronic myelocytic leukemia with B-lymphoid crisis responding to the VP therapy followed by lymphoid-myeloid crisis]. PMID- 3475489 TI - Low dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. AB - Four patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and three with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were given low dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) therapy. One patient with de novo AML and two patients having refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) achieved responses. Although the responses lasted for only a short duration (2-3 months), the therapy was well tolerated and not accompanied by severe complications, while severe cytopenia was a frequent side effect with transfusions being necessary in most patients. This therapy could be clinically effective for certain types of AML and MDS (especially RAEB and RAEB in transformation). PMID- 3475490 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: termination in acute monocytic leukemia and reappearance after chemotherapy with N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (PL-AC) and vincristine. AB - Acute monocytic leukemia developed in a 77-year-old woman about 18 months after a diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) had been made. The classical features of PNH disappeared with the onset of the leukemia. Chemotherapy with N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinosylcytosine and vincristine resulted in the disappearance of leukemic cells in the bone marrow, during which time intravascular hemolysis recurred and the results of a Ham's test were again positive. The anemia and thrombocytopenia, however, were not improved. The present case report suggests the disappearance of the leukemic cells to imply not bone marrow remission but the return of PNH. PMID- 3475491 TI - [Effect of tetragastrin on prostaglandin release into gastric lumen in humans]. PMID- 3475492 TI - [Study of the gallium-67 citrate hilar accumulation--especially the relation between the hilar accumulation and smoking]. PMID- 3475493 TI - Contribution of prostaglandin E2 to bradykinin-induced contraction in rabbit urinary detrusor. AB - Bradykinin (100 pM to 1 microM) contracted the rabbit urinary detrusor in vitro. The sensitivity to bradykinin was about 1000 times higher than that to acetylcholine (ACh) on a molar basis. The contractile response to bradykinin was unaffected by atropine, diphenhydramine, FPL-55712, methysergide, prazosin or tetrodotoxin, indicating that the contraction was not mediated via the release of ACh, histamine, peptide leukotrienes, serotonin or catecholamine. The bradykinin induced contraction was, however, inhibited by indomethacin (5 microM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Caffeic acid (10 microM), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not affect the contraction. Bradykinin (1 nM to 100 nM) stimulated the release of prostaglandin E2 from the detrusor in a concentration-dependent manner, and the release was abolished by treatment with indomethacin (5 microM). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 contracted the urinary detrusor with an EC50 of about 0.1 microM. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), a stimulator of PG synthesis, also contracted the muscle with an EC50 of about 100 microM. [14C]Arachidonic acid was converted to PGE2 and F2 alpha when it was incubated with the 700 X g supernatant of the muscle homogenate. However, neither bradykinin nor ATP stimulated the PG synthesis in the supernatant. These results showed that bradykinin and ATP did not affect the cyclooxygenase and/or PG degradation system. On the other hand, when the intact detrusor muscle was incubated with [14C]arachidonic acid, bradykinin and ATP stimulated the PG synthesis, and the stimulated synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin. Mepacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, more potently inhibited the bradykinin- and ATP-induced contractions than the ACh-induced one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475494 TI - Effect of neurotropin on hyperalgesia induced by prostaglandin E2, naloxone, melatonin and dark condition in mice. AB - Subcutaneous injection of formaldehyde into mouse hind paw elicited pain responses consisting of licking or biting of the paw, which were observed biphasically. The first and second phases were enhanced by melatonin and melatonin, naloxone, prostaglandin E2, respectively. Mice kept in the dark also exhibited hyperalgesic response. When neurotropin was injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to those treatments, hyperalgesia was suppressed to the control level. Aspirin inhibited only the second hyperalgesic phase. PMID- 3475495 TI - Histopathological analysis of cases of megakaryocytic leukemia. PMID- 3475496 TI - Myeloproliferative disorder of rats induced by myeloproliferative sarcoma virus. PMID- 3475497 TI - Characteristics of megakaryocyte progenitors in megakaryoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3475498 TI - Amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by sodium supplements with coadministration of ticarcillin or intravenous saline. AB - Previous observations suggest that salt loading can help reverse amphotericin-B induced nephrotoxicity. Evidence is presented indicating that sodium supplements provide prophylaxis against the development of amphotericin-B nephrotoxicity. In a retrospective study at Vanderbilt University, 14/21 patients receiving amphotericin B (target dose, 25 mg/day) without salt supplements developed impaired renal function; in 10 instances amphotericin B was temporarily withdrawn. In contrast, only 2/17 patients who received amphotericin B with ticarcillin (with its obligatory sodium supplement) developed nephrotoxicity (P less than 0.01). All four patients, who were receiving the combination of amphotericin B and ticarcillin and who had their ticarcillin therapy stopped, developed nephrotoxicity in the subsequent week. In a prospective observational study at Essen, 20 patients had 24 courses of amphotericin B (target dose, 40 mg/day) with routine supplementation of 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride daily. Only two patients showed evidence of nephrotoxicity and no dosage modification of amphotericin B was required in any patient. Four patients with initial evidence of mildly impaired renal function received full supplements without adverse effects or the development of nephrotoxicity. These observations suggest that routine parenteral administration of sodium supplements can help minimize the nephrotoxic potential of amphotericin B. PMID- 3475499 TI - Enhanced glomerular procoagulant activity and fibrin deposition in rats with mercuric chloride-induced autoimmune nephritis. AB - The mechanism involved in glomerular fibrin deposition was investigated during mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the Brown Norway rat. To ascertain whether the local hemostatic system was activated secondarily to the immunological conflict, the ability of glomerular lysates to induce coagulation in vitro was assessed in treated and control rats. Glomerular procoagulant activity (PCA) of HgCl2-injected rats was measured on day 12 (latent phase of the disease), day 20 (acme), and days 32 and 42 (recovery phase) after the first mercury injection. PCA rose 3-fold (p less than 0.02) at day 20 and then almost returned to control values. Proteinuria, PCA, and the incidence of glomerular fibrin deposits peaked concomitantly at day 20. Glomerular PCA was characterized as thromboplastin. The number of Ia positive cells detected by monoclonal OX-6 antibody was not different from the control number at any phase of the disease; the number of macrophages per glomerular section detected by electron microscopy at day 20 in HgCl2-injected rats was 1.80 +/- 0.60, versus 0.30 +/- 0.11 in the controls. No correlation was found between glomerular PCA and either the number of monocytes/macrophages or of Ia-positive cells present in the glomeruli. Since glomerular PCA was maximal at the onset of fibrin formation in the glomeruli and then decreased toward its basal level, and since the fibrin disappeared, it is concluded that increased production of thromboplastin by glomeruli, with activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, may contribute to intraglomerular fibrin deposition in HgCl2-induced glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3475500 TI - Coping with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in South Carolina. PMID- 3475502 TI - Medical practice and the HMO. PMID- 3475501 TI - AIDS policies. PMID- 3475503 TI - Fetal echocardiography: initial experience with 100 cases. PMID- 3475504 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 3475505 TI - Considerations on sun exposure. PMID- 3475507 TI - Let's outlaw slavery in South Carolina. PMID- 3475506 TI - On death at birth. PMID- 3475508 TI - Leukaemia in a carpet factory: an epidemiological investigation. PMID- 3475509 TI - Estradiol metabolism in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. AB - Estrogen-responsive human cells derived from a specimen of well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa line) were incubated with [3H]estradiol (E2) at various concentrations and the medium was sampled at 3, 6 and 24 h to evaluate the kinetics of removal of the hormone and the formation of unconjugated or sulfated metabolites. The detectable products of metabolism were estrone and the conjugate estradiol-3-sulfate. The latter was identified by high pressure chromatography, before and after acetylation, oxidation, and hydrolysis. The disappearance of [3H]E2 from the medium was found to follow first order kinetics between 3 and 24 h, with half-lives increasing from 4.7 to 53 h as the initial concentrations of the hormone were raised from 10(-8) to 10(-6)M. At the lowest concentration, practically all of the [3H]E2 added to the cultures was converted to estradiol-3-sulfate in 24 h, whereas at 10(-6)M oxidation to estrone was quantitatively more important than sulfation. These results indicate the presence in Ishikawa cells of an estrogen sulfotransferase of low Michaelis constant for E2, and 17 beta-oxidoreductase activity that significantly contributes to the metabolism of E2 only at higher concentrations of substrate. PMID- 3475510 TI - Cofactor requirements of steroid-17-20-desmolase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in cell extracts of Clostridium scindens. AB - Two neutral steroid-transforming activities were demonstrated in cell extracts of Clostridium scindens. Steroid-17-20-desmolase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were found to be inducible in cells cultured in the presence of cortisol. Both activities required manganese ions and NAD+ or NADH for activity. Cortisol, cortisone and 11-desoxycortisol were substrates as well as inducers of steroid-17-20-desmolase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was an effective inducer but did not serve as a substrate for either enzyme activity. C. scindens is the first bacterial species of the normal human intestinal flora reported to elaborate inducible steroid-17 20-desmolase and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. The results of cofactor, substrate specificity and induction studies suggest that these two activities may reside in the same enzyme complex. PMID- 3475512 TI - Differentiation-associated carbohydrate chain on human hematopoietic cells recognized by Clerodendron trichotomum lectin. AB - In the screening of hematopoietic cell line cell aggregations, the extract of Clerodendron trichotomum seed was found to aggregate K-562 and KG-1 specifically. In the flow cytometric analysis using FITC-conjugated purified CTL, it was confirmed that CTL recognizes the specific carbohydrate(s) which seem to appear only in the early stages of differentiation of myeloid (KG-1) and erythroid (K 562) cell line cells and erythrocytes. The CTL binding to K-562 cells was decreased by TPA treatment which is known to induce retrodifferentiation of K 562. It is also found that this carbohydrate(s) were shaded with NANA on the differentiated cells. In the erythrocyte, CTL receptor was partially shaded by NANA. PMID- 3475511 TI - Thecal cell 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity: modulation by human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, estradiol-17 beta and dihydrotestosterone. AB - Thecal cell steroidogenesis plays a major role in folliculogenesis within the porcine ovary. Accordingly, the effects of physiological concentrations of steroids on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (3 beta-HSD) were determined. Theca was excised from large porcine follicles and prepared in a monolayer culture in 1 ml of serum-free media. Cells were treated 24 h after culture as follows: (1) control, (2) hCG (5 IU); (3) progesterone (P, 3 micrograms); estradiol-17 beta (E, 4 micrograms); 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1 microgram); (4) hCG + P or E or DHT. At 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after treatment, media were assessed for P levels. For 3 beta-HSD activity, P formation by microsomal fractions incubated with 1 microM pregnenolone + 5 microM NAD+ for 1 h (37 degrees C) was monitored. Thecal cell P secretion increased from 27 to 72 h. hCG significantly (P less than 0.05) increased P levels after 36 h compared to controls. E or E + hCG decreased P levels at 36, 48, and 72 h and DHT prevented the hCG-induced increase in P secretion. 3 beta-HSD activity in thecal microsomes increased significantly from 27 to 72 h. hCG had little effect on 3 beta-HSD activity compared with controls from 27 to 36 h, but significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased 3 beta-HSD activity at 48 and 72 h. However, P or P + hCG significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased 3 beta-HSD activity at all times. In addition, E or E + hCG significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased 3 beta-HSD activity at 48 and 72 h. DHT prevented the hCG-induced decrease in 3 beta-HSD activity. In conclusion, porcine thecal secretion of P and microsomal 3 beta-HSD activity increased during 72 h of culture. Paradoxically, the addition of hCG to cultures enhanced media P concentrations but inhibited 3 beta-HSD activity. Further, the addition of E to cultures decreased media concentrations of P while P or E decreased 3 beta-HSD activity. Therefore, paracrine/autocrine effects of locally produced steroids may play a role in modulating thecal cell steroidogenesis. PMID- 3475513 TI - Effects of interferon and retinoic acid on the growth and differentiation of clonogenic leukemic cells from acute myelogenous leukemia patients treated with recombinant leukocyte-alpha A interferon. AB - Studies with human myeloid leukemia cell lines indicate that combined interferon (INF) and retinoic acid (RA) have greater effects in inhibiting cell growth and in inducing terminal differentiation than either agent alone. Consequently, we studied the effects of these agents, singly and in combination, on fresh leukemic blast cells obtained from 13 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, most of whom were subsequently treated with recombinant leukocyte-alpha A interferon (rINF-alpha A). The in-vitro response to rINF-alpha A and RA was assessed in an established myeloid leukemic blast cell clonogenic assay containing conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Strong inhibition of colony cell growth (greater than or equal to 50%) was observed in 4/10 cases treated with rINF-alpha A alone, but only at high concentration (greater than or equal to 2500 U/ml) and in 4/10 cases treated with RA alone (5 X 10(-8) M or 5 X 10(-7) M). Combined rINF-alpha A and RA augmented the inhibition of primary or secondary colony cell growth in 5/8 evaluable cases. Stimulation of leukemic cell differentiation was observed in 1/8 cases by rINF-alpha A alone and in 4/7 cases by RA alone. Combined rINF-alpha A and RA enhanced cell differentiation in 4/7 cases. In addition, increased inhibition of clonal cell growth and/or differentiation by RA alone was observed in 2/5 cases following in-vivo rINF alpha A treatment. These results suggest that treatment with combined rINF-alpha A and RA may be rewarding in some cases of AML. PMID- 3475514 TI - t(3;5)(q21;q31) in a myelodysplastic syndrome. AB - Cytogenetic analysis from the bone marrow of a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome revealed the balanced translocation t(3;5)(q21;q31). Although this translocation has recently been described in six cases of AML, this is the first such observation in a preleukaemic syndrome. Subsequent evolution into RAEB and AML(M2) was noted without the acquisition of additional cytogenetic changes and complete remission achieved with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The relationships with other acquired abnormalities of chromosomes 3 and 5 in MDS/AML are discussed. PMID- 3475515 TI - [Assistance for a child who was frightened by therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and resorted to taking a negative attitude: psychological aid for the child and her mother to ease anxiety]. PMID- 3475516 TI - The nucleus of a public health strategy to combat AIDS. PMID- 3475518 TI - Intravenous drug abusers and HIV infections: a consequence of their actions. PMID- 3475517 TI - Screening for HIV infection: risks, benefits, and the burden of proof. PMID- 3475519 TI - AIDS research: the ethics of clinical trials. PMID- 3475520 TI - [Screening of antiviral antibodies of human immunodeficiency in blood donors]. PMID- 3475521 TI - Responses of human basilar arteries to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - The responses to 9 X 10(-7) M vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) by isolated human basilar arteries of 30 individuals were studied to further elucidate the role the peptide might play in modifying cerebrovascular tone normally and in disease. In most experiments the artery was precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), either with 1 or 2 X 10(-6) M or with 10(-5) M PGF2 alpha. The course of action to VIP was observed for 15 min following its application to the contracted vessel. Some arteries failed to respond to VIP (13%), otherwise the arteries relaxed 44% when the contraction was induced by 10(-5) M PGF2 alpha and 67.6% after the lower concentrations of PGF2 alpha. There was no significant decrement in the vasorelaxant effect of VIP throughout the period of observation. A second and third application of VIP to the precontracted artery produced significantly less of an effect than the first, but no consistent progressive pattern of tachyphylaxis was evident. In additional experiments, indomethacin (10(-5) M) did not prevent the vasorelaxant effect of VIP, suggesting that prostanoid synthesis was not involved. Pretreatment of the artery with VIP did not prevent the contractions generated by 10, 30, 50 and 90 mM KCl while antithrombin III (1.2 X 10(-7) M) did, indicating fundamental differences between these two vasorelaxants. In conclusion, VIP will inhibit contraction of isolated human cerebral arteries for prolong periods and could be a significant factor regulating cerebral blood flow in humans. PMID- 3475522 TI - Plasma and lipoprotein fatty acid composition in glycogen storage disease type I. AB - Nocturnal intragastric feeding has been shown to be an effective means to improve clinical and biochemical features in glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I). In this study, we investigated the fatty acid patterns in a whole plasma and in circulating lipoproteins in patients on this therapy. The results demonstrated massive concentration of total fatty acids coupled with higher levels of triglycerides, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and phospholipids. This hyperlipidemia involved all fatty acids without distinction of carbon or bond numbers. However, the increase was more pronounced for saturated than polyunsaturated fatty acids, as was demonstrated by the ratios of both oleic acid to linoleic acid (1.91 +/- 0.40 vs 0.80 +/- 0.09 in controls) and of omega 3 + omega 6 to omega 9 fatty acid families (0.92 +/- 0.11 vs 1.66 +/- 0.08 in controls). The fatty acid patterns in very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoprotein showed substantial differences in composition, reflecting an association between an abnormal lipoprotein pattern and essential fatty acid deficiency. Furthermore, GSD-I patients exhibited a significant increase in VLDL (17 +/- 2 vs 47 +/- 7 mg/dl) and LDL cholesterol (124 +/- 7 vs 206 +/- 24 mg/dl), coupled with a decrease in HDL cholesterol (49 +/- 4 vs 28 +/- 3 mg/dl). These data documenting high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol associated with an increased concentration and proportion of saturated fatty acids suggest that GSD I patients on nocturnal intragastric feeding are at high risk for atherosclerosis and its complications. PMID- 3475523 TI - Systemic haemodynamics, renal and platelet function during chronic propranolol administration in patients with compensated cirrhosis. AB - Chronic propranolol administration is followed by some haemodynamic alterations, which may impair renal function. It has also been suggested that it may reduce platelet production of proaggregatory thromboxane (TX) A2. We therefore evaluated cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), creatinine clearance, daily sodium excretion under controlled sodium intake, platelet aggregation and platelet TXA2 production during whole blood clotting in eight patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and no ascites, before and after 3 months of propranolol administration. Liver function was also assessed by evaluating the galactose elimination capacity (GEC) and galactose clearance (Cgal). The expected, significant reduction of CI and increase of SVR was observed. Creatinine clearance and sodium balance were unchanged throughout the study. Furthermore, the renal prostaglandin system, as reflected by urinary prostaglandin E2 and TXB2 excretion, was also unaffected by the drug. No modification of platelet aggregation, platelet TXA2 production during whole blood clotting, GEC and Cgal was observed. We conclude that chronic propranolol administration is followed by alterations of CI and SVR, but it does not impair renal function and platelet aggregation in patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and no ascites. The maintenance of renal function during beta adrenergic blockade is not due to an increased renal production of vasodilating prostaglandins. PMID- 3475524 TI - [HLA antigens in alcoholism]. PMID- 3475525 TI - Towards gene therapy for hemophilia B. AB - Hemophilia B is an X-chromosome-linked bleeding disorder resulting from lack of clotting factor IX activity and affects about 1 in 30,000 males. Current therapy involves injection of crude factor IX prepared from pooled human plasma. Treatment is complicated by viral contaminants in factor IX preparations, such as non A-non B hepatitis and the AIDS virus, and by the practical difficulties of chronic injections. An alternative therapy might include the insertion of a factor IX expression vector into the somatic cells of affected individuals to allow continued production of factor IX. Toward this end, we have constructed a retrovirus vector for transfer and expression of factor IX. Despite the fact that factor IX is normally synthesized in hepatocytes and requires extensive post translational modification for activity, we have shown that fully active factor IX can be made by human skin-derived fibroblasts. These results open the way to testing the use of skin grafts for gene therapy of hemophilia B. PMID- 3475526 TI - The xylS gene positive regulator of TOL plasmid pWWO: identification, sequence analysis and overproduction leading to constitutive expression of meta cleavage operon. AB - The Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid pWWO carries an operon that specifies a meta cleavage pathway for the catabolism of benzoate and toluates whose transcription is positively regulated by the xylS gene product. Stimulation of transcription of the operon is thought to result from activation of this protein by pathway substrates/effectors. In the present study, overexpression of the xylS gene has led to identification of the regulator as a 33 kDa protein. Overexpression of xylS also resulted in partially constitutive, i.e. effector-independent expression of the meta-cleavage operon. Determination of the polynucleotide sequence of the xylS gene revealed amino acid sequence homology with several DNA binding proteins, particularly with the araC products of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and with the nifA and ntrC products of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Homologous sequences were mainly located in an alpha-helix-turn-alpha helix domain of the polypeptide. Interestingly, amino acid sequence homology was also found with sigma factors of E. coli (ntrA and htpR products) and Bacillus subtilis (spoIIG and phage SPOI Gp34 products) and other RNA polymerase core interacting proteins, such as the E. coli nusA product. PMID- 3475527 TI - DNA deletions in spontaneous chloramphenicol-sensitive mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor A 3(2) and Streptomyces lividans 66. AB - A mutant of Streptomyces coelicolor A 3(2) highly resistant to chloramphenicol was selected. It had amplified some chromosomal DNA fragments to a copy number of 20-50. Some of the amplified fragments were cloned and used as hybridisation probes to investigate the spontaneous chloramphenicol-sensitive mutants which occur at high frequency in this species and the closely related species Streptomyces lividans 66. These investigations demonstrated that chloramphenicol sensitivity in both species is associated with large deletions that are at least 40 kb in length. PMID- 3475528 TI - Activation of low and null activity isozymes of maize alcohol dehydrogenase by antibodies. AB - Antisera were raised against several purified, high specific activity isozymes of maize alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1). The various antisera had different effects on the activity of immunoprecipitated ADH. One antiserum completely inactivated maize ADH. This inactivation could be blocked by preincubation of the enzyme with NAD+, its cofactor, or with NADP. The different antisera were used to analyze variant forms of ADH1. Isozymes having lowered specific activity were activated to wild-type levels by precipitation of the enzymes with noninactivating antisera. Isozymes having no detectable ADH activity (CRM+ nulls) were activated by immunoprecipitation with noninactivating antisera when preincubated with NAD+ or NADP. All of the CRM+ nulls were shown to be unable to bind NAD+, a flaw which can account for their lack of activity. The results indicate that a conformational equilibrium between active and inactive forms of maize ADH in solution controls the specific activity of the various isozymes. Both NAD+ and antibodies raised against high specific activity enzymes can interact with low activity isozymes to shift the balance of the equilibrium toward the active form, thus increasing their specific activity. PMID- 3475529 TI - Expression of the human beta-globin gene in mouse teratocarcinoma cells. AB - We have stably transformed PCC4 and F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells with the human beta-globin gene. The transformed PCC4 cells retained their ability to produce in host mice tumours containing various differentiated tissues. Three of the five clones examined had human beta-globin transcripts, with correct 5' termini; however, some transcripts were also initiated upstream from the natural cap site in two of the three clones. The expression of the human beta-globin gene was maintained when the stem cell phenotype was changed, either into endodermal cell type by retinoic acid treatment of the F9 clones, or into fibroblastic cell type by cell hybridization of transformed PCC4 cells with L fibroblasts. Thus, the human beta-globin gene introduced into early embryonic cells can be expressed constitutively and its expression is maintained when the pattern of gene expression in the cells is changed. PMID- 3475530 TI - Polarity of localised conversion in Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation. AB - Localised conversion in pneumococcal transformation is a process that spans a few nucleotides when the 5'-ATTAAT/3'-TAAGTA configuration occurs at the pairing step. It was first observed in two-point crosses between an amiA mutation (amiA36) carrying this sequence and other closely linked mutants of the locus. The yield of the amiA resistance allele conversion to wild type is 20%. In order to characterize this process, which differs from long-patch conversion by the length of DNA repair, gene requirements and sequence specificity, we devised experiments to detect the reciprocal conversion, AmiA+ to AmiAr. For this purpose we examined the suppressibility by a pneumococcal informational suppressor of several nonsense mutations at the locus. Amber (UAG) and ochre (UAA) mutations are suppressed whereas UGA is not suppressed. In this genetic background, where amiA36 is partly suppressed, it was possible to select for double mutants in a cross between amiA36 and a closely linked non-suppressible marker. Direct isolation of such double mutants was also performed without any screening in crosses between amiA36 and the same linked marker in cloned DNA. The frequency of double mutants was very low (1/175) suggesting that there is no conversion of wild-type to mutant alleles. Thus conversion is a polarized process changing specifically A to C. PMID- 3475531 TI - DNA sequences of bacteriophage P2 early genes cox and B and their regulatory sites. AB - Part of the early operon of the temperate phage P2 of Escherichia coli, including genes cox (involved in prophage excision) and B (required for phage specific DNA synthesis), was sequenced. The results are consistent with an early promoter spanning the repressor binding sites, a leader sequence of about 80 bases which overlaps the leader sequence of the repressor gene for about 30 bases, and coordinate transcription of genes cox and B with a termination signal after the B gene. In addition, the data provide amino acid sequences for the Cox and B proteins of 91 and 166 residues, respectively and reveal a hitherto undetected coding sequence between genes cox and B that has the potential to produce a very basic polypeptide of 56 residues. Slight structural similarities between the P2 Cox protein and the analogous Xis protein of phage lambda were noted and the P2 B gene product was compared with proteins that interact with the DnaB protein of E. coli. PMID- 3475533 TI - Prostaglandins and the induction of labour. PMID- 3475532 TI - Immunogenetic analysis of tolerance induction in anti-alloantigen delayed type hypersensitivity responses by portal venous pre-inoculation with allogeneic cells. AB - The present study investigates some of the immunogenetic bases for tolerance of anti-allo-delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses as induced by pre inoculating allogeneic cells via portal venous (p.v.) route. BALB/c mice were injected with totally allogeneic C57BL/6 or H-2 incompatible BALB.B spleen cells via p.v. route. These mice not only failed to exhibit anti-H-2b DTH responses, but also abrogated the potential to generate H-2b-specific DTH responses as induced by the subsequent immunization with H-2b spleen cells via subcutaneous (s.c.) route. The p.v. presensitization with allogeneic spleen cells differing at either class I or class II of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) resulted in the tolerance induction of DTH responses to the respective allogeneic class I or class II MHC antigens. Moreover, the p.v. administration of the class I-positive allogeneic cell fraction depleted of class II-positive component into recipients differing at both class I and class II was capable of inducing anti-class I DTH tolerance. These results indicate that anti-allo-class I or class II DTH tolerance can be induced independently and that the existence of class II antigens on p.v.-presensitized cells is not necessarily required for the tolerance induction of anti-allo-class I DTH response. PMID- 3475534 TI - [Legal viewpoints in the control of AIDS]. PMID- 3475535 TI - Asthma, aspirin intolerance and nasal polyps. AB - Asthma associated with aspirin intolerance (bronchospastic type) and nasal polyps is a special type of asthma with well established characteristics. Asthma and aspirin intolerance in these patients usually occurs at the same time in life followed by nasal polyps about 10 years later. Classically, it is a non allergic steroid-dependent asthma. Desensitization to aspirin is possible but does not improve asthma. Polypectomy does not aggravate or cause asthma. The pathogenic mechanism may involve arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 3475537 TI - Research opportunities on the campus. PMID- 3475536 TI - Patients with allergic disease and anti-social behavior: their potential risks to themselves, health care personnel, and other patients. AB - A series of 7 allergic patients seen by one Allergy Service in a two-year period were identified as being allegedly involved in anti-social activities. They were either seriously ill or mimicked serious illness and by their behavior constituted a potential risk to themselves, other patients or health care personnel. Early identification of such high risk patients protects both patients and health care personnel. PMID- 3475538 TI - Aspirin desensitization. AB - Aspirin desensitization can be carried out in all aspirin sensitive patients in whom the reaction is confined to the respiratory tract. Because only a few patients with urticarial reactions to ASA have been studied and the results are inconsistent, desensitization of urticaria patients cannot be recommended at this time. In asthmatic patients with aspirin sensitivity, who undergo ASA desensitization, continuous treatment with ASA or NSAIDs is realistic. Such treatment maintains the desensitized state indefinitely while allowing the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs to participate in the treatment of various diseases, including arthritis, thromboembolic diseases, and probably inflammation in the respiratory tract. PMID- 3475539 TI - Clinical and biochemical aspects of "aspirin-sensitivity". AB - Progressively increasing doses of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid--ASA) were tolerated by 14 out of 15 patients with confirmed aspirin-sensitive urticaria and in 7 out of 9 patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Blood levels of histamine and prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha were significantly raised in these patients before ASA administration. PGF2 alpha levels fell to within the normal range after challenge doses of ASA which were sufficient to cause symptoms. Skin prick testing with histamine and codeine phosphate did not show evidence of abnormal tissue reactivity or mast cell reactivity. A wider spectrum of mediators will need to be considered if the mechanism of symptom production is to be understood. PMID- 3475540 TI - Nasal polyps and their content of arachidonic acid metabolites. AB - In three different groups of patients with nasal polyps without or with bronchial hyperreactivity and aspirin-sensitivity the content of several prostaglandin metabolites and LTC4 were measured in the polyp-tissue. A significant elevation of Thromboxane formation (TxB2) was found. The pathophysiological importance of this finding for the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in these patients is seen in context with the non-cholinergic stimulating system with consecutive substance P-formation and the role of the eosinophil cell in chronic inflammation. PMID- 3475541 TI - The effect of aspirin on serum immunoglobulins. AB - After discontinuing aspirin products for seven days, 21 aspirin tolerant adults were given 650 mg of aspirin daily for one week. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE), complete blood count (CBC), and total eosinophil counts (TEC) were determined before aspirin challenge, four hours after initial challenge, on day seven of aspirin ingestion, 24 hours after discontinuing aspirin, and three weeks after discontinuing aspirin. No significant changes were noted in any of these categories. Although aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug similar to corticosteroids, it does not produce immunological changes that corticosteroids produce as determined by these parameters. PMID- 3475542 TI - Asthma improved by acetylsalicylic acid and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) cause a variety of symptoms in patients sensitive to these drugs. These include wheezing, rhinorrhea, flushing, pruritus, urticaria, hypotension and loss of consciousness. Conversely, improvement of asthma with the use of these drugs in patients who do not have idiosyncratic reactions to ASA (ASA-nonsensitive) has also been observed both with respect to clinical symptoms and pulmonary function tests. PMID- 3475544 TI - Survey of air-borne allergic pollens in North China: contamination with ragweed. AB - This paper presents the survey of 9 districts in North China with an object of understanding more about geographical distribution of air-borne pollens in relation with allergic diseases in the upper respiratory system. The findings prove to be a good guidance, beneficial both to the physicians who are treating the cases and to the patients who are receiving the treatments. The components of the peaks of the curves in Spring are nearly the same, they are usually formed of Ulmus (elm), Populus (poplar) and Selix (willow), with the exception that in the Spring curve of Lanzhou, Biota Orientalis dominates and at Huohot, Ulmus (elm) dominates. Like in the report on air-borne pollens in Peking, made by C. T. Chang as well as in our report on air-borne pollens survey in 9 districts in North China, Artemisia (sage) is found to be the chief component of the Summer-Autumn curve and the major offender in Summer-Autumn seasons in the etiology of upper respiratory allergic diseases. In contradistinction to Artemisia (sage), there are two exceptions such as in south China: In Shenghai, Ricinus (castor bean) and Humulus (Hops) are found to be the major offender instead of Artemisia (sage) and At Kwangzhou, Kwangdong province Wood Ephedra, Wild Amaranth (pigweed) are also found to be major offenders instead of Artemisia (sage). In addition to the major offender, Artemisia (sage) which was said to be dominant in Shenyang (Moukden) of Laoning province by Yuchin (cited from POLLINOSIS by Shih Ruei, Ragweed was first discovered at Shenyang (and Tehling, Fushuen and Dandong). A question is raised "How it came to China"? Preventive measures must be taken to eradicate it, otherwise it certainly will spread all over China. PMID- 3475543 TI - Asthma, polyps, and aspirin intolerance beginning in childhood. PMID- 3475545 TI - OTC metaproterenol will aid improvement in asthma care. PMID- 3475546 TI - The hazards of non-prescription sales of inhaled metaproterenol. PMID- 3475548 TI - Drug allergy and protocols for management of drug allergies. PMID- 3475547 TI - Airway structure and function in asthma. AB - As asthma is a disease characterized by muscle spasm, airways inflammation and mucus plugging of the airways, one can only generalize about their relative importance. For example, when an asthmatic attack is easily and completely reversible by drugs that relax smooth muscle, it is likely that smooth muscle spasm is the major cause of the airways obstruction. It also seems probable that when patients have airways reactivity that waxes and wanes in severity with intermittent severe attacks of asthma, the airways may be thickened by inflammation and the smooth muscle may be unloaded by softening of the cartilage. Finally, when patients die of asthma and their airways are solidly plugged, it seems reasonable to conclude that the plugs are the cause of death. The common pathway in these widely different situations may be the inflammatory reaction. Indeed, it seems likely that understanding the basic nature of the inflammatory response in airways tissue and its effects on wall thickness and the mucus secreting apparatus will provide clear insights into how to reverse the asthmatic state. PMID- 3475549 TI - Readministration of spironolactone in the spironolactone-intolerant patient. AB - We report a successful practical protocol for readministration of spironolactone in a patient with cirrhosis and severe ascites whose initial exposure to spironolactone resulted in erythema multiforme. Because salt and water restriction and other diuretics were ineffective, readministration of spironolactone was considered appropriate. In the absence of in vitro or in vivo diagnostic tests for drug allergy to spironolactone, serial increasing doses from 1 mg to 400 mg were administered over a 14 day period and tolerated uneventfully. A mild maculopapular rash appeared a month later but resolved despite continuation of spironolactone. The patient has now received spironolactone successfully for a total of 20 months without evidence of subsequent drug hypersensitivity. Although proven drug hypersensitivity attributable to spironolactone is very rare, when allergic manifestations have occurred in a patient who may require readministration of spironolactone, we believe that the suggested protocol for test-dosing be considered. PMID- 3475550 TI - Methods of studying antihistamines. AB - A variety of ingenious methods have been devised to challenge and incite episodes of acute allergic rhinitis in susceptible individuals. These methods teach us much about basic mechanisms involved in the disease. There is some danger in using them for efficacy trials because antihistamines are only partially effective treatment for hay fever and the challenge administered could easily overcome the degree of protection. Additional studies may lead to a better understanding of the factors involved in challenges and hence, their usefulness in clinical testing. The out-patient trial design is successful in demonstrating efficacy in 40 to 60 per cent of trials. The field trial is 70 to 90 percent accurate in its findings. The clinical design of antihistamine trials has improved remarkably in the past 10 years. Because of the nature of the disadvantages discussed throughout this report, I would doubt that further improvements in design will occur in future years unless a substitute is found for subjective evaluations. PMID- 3475551 TI - Noncompliance and prevarication in life threatening adolescent asthma. AB - Four cases of noncompliant steroid dependent adolescent asthmatics who intentionally lied about their compliance are presented. All four were followed in the Allergy Clinic at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Each had psychosocial or family problems which contributed to deliberate failure to take necessary medications and then to lie about it. Frequent E. R. visits, missed school, and hospitalizations for life threatening asthma attacks were seen in these patients. Changes in personal patient patterns of asthma, lack of predicted response to adequate therapeutic regimens, and obvious lack of proper parental supervision were the clues to the correct diagnosis. Undetectable serum prednisolone levels confirmed the diagnosis in one case. We describe the clinical course of these patients including confrontation about noncompliance and therapeutic regimens that have resulted in control of their asthma. PMID- 3475552 TI - The natural history of adverse reactions to foods. AB - The studies presented and the literature reviewed support the conclusion that the natural history of food sensitivity is a dynamic process. Thus foods removed from the diet must be reintroduced at regular intervals. Adverse reactions to foods probably involve multiple immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms and cannot always be pigeon-holed into a specific Type I-IV reaction. As in all areas of our field, it is important to continue our search for ways to identify the exceptional patient who requires measures which do not fit the usual situation. There will always be patients with exceptional problems requiring special arrangements that we as allergists must be prepared to evaluate. However, it is reassuring to see that over a period of time the majority of patients continue to have their problems successfully evaluated by methods which are currently available. PMID- 3475553 TI - Food hypersensitivity as a pathogenic factor in atopic dermatitis. AB - The role of food hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis has been debated for years. One-hundred thirty-two children with severe atopic dermatitis were evaluated for food hypersensitivity using double-blind placebo controlled oral food challenges. Fifty-nine percent of the children experienced at least one immediate hypersensitivity response. Definitive diagnosis of food allergy and initiation of an appropriate elimination diet resulted in significant clinical improvement in the majority of patients with atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity. PMID- 3475554 TI - Avoidance diets--how selective should we be? AB - Selective avoidance diets are the most common means of treatment for food allergies and other types of food sensitivities. With IgE-mediated food allergies, adverse reactions can occur in some patients to very small amounts of the offending food; therefore, strict avoidance of the offending food must be accomplished. With other, non-immunological types of food sensitivities, such as lactose intolerance and sulfite sensitivity, the patients are able to tolerate some, although variable, amounts of the offending substance. Thus, the degree of tolerance is an important concern in the construction of safe and effective avoidance diets. Another issue in the development of selective avoidance diets is the presence of the allergen in specific foods. For example, the peanut allergen is a protein which is not present in peanut oil. Consequently, peanut oil is safe to consume for peanut-allergic patients. Cross-reactivity is yet another concern in the development of selective avoidance diets. Cross reactions can occur between related species of legumes, crustacea, eggs, and milk for example. The construction of a safe and effective avoidance diet for food allergies and sensitivities requires consideration of several important issues and is a responsibility that should not be taken lightly. PMID- 3475555 TI - Sulfites in drugs: a new comprehensive list. PMID- 3475556 TI - A current practical approach to the diagnosis of suspected adverse reactions to foods. AB - The diagnosis of adverse reactions to foods and food additives continues to rely on the history and physical examination supported by the judicious use of specific procedures. These include, where applicable, elimination diets, skin testing using water soluble food extracts, in vitro tests for the measurement of food-specific IgE, and, in selected cases, oral challenge with suspect food antigens and additives. The advantages and the disadvantages of the various procedures are examined. PMID- 3475558 TI - Type I wheat ingestion allergy: a model of masked allergy. AB - Type I wheat ingestion allergy is a special type of food allergy because the patient usually is not aware of his allergy. The unawareness comes from two reasons; one is that the clinical symptom appears not immediately after ingestion of wheat products but occurs sometime (30-60 min) later, and the other is that it may not appear if the patient does not exercise at this particular time. Therefore, the reaction does not always follow wheat ingestion. The study of enzymatically digested gluten antigens in the patients disclosed that the allergenicity to wheat was reinforced by peptic digestion but abolished by further tryptic digestion, indicating that allergen activity was most potent in the stomach. Anaphylaxis may occur in some patients after wheat ingestion and exercise. Therefore, in exercise-induced anaphylaxis without apparent allergy, one should consider wheat allergy. PMID- 3475557 TI - Insoluble and soluble allergens from wheat grain and wheat dust: detection of IgE binding in inhalant and ingestion allergy. AB - The need for better in vitro testing for wheat allergy particularly involved correlating clinical evidence of Type I hypersensitivity with laboratory detection of specific IgE antibodies in serum. We report here an improvement in this relationship by the use of a modified method for RAST (Radioallergosorbent test), involving nitrocellulose as the solid phase and alkali (or ethanol) for extraction of allergens and treatment of discs. Serum IgE reactions with the full range of wheat grain and dust proteins were studied using this method and the results were related to wheat allergies due to flour ingestion and the inhalation of flour, pollen or grain dust. PMID- 3475559 TI - Bakers' rhinoconjunctivitis: a case report. AB - Bakers' rhinoconjunctivitis is a rare occupational disease characterized by nasal and/or ocular symptoms occurring during and after exposure to flour. Occupational allergies represent a difficult problem in that avoidance therapy is not easily obtainable in those individuals not willing to change professions. PMID- 3475560 TI - A corticosteroid program for prevention of hospitalization for status asthmaticus in children. AB - This study assessed the efficacy of an outpatient course of prednisone in the treatment of acute asthma, as a method of preventing hospitalization for status asthmaticus. From September-November 1984, 181 courses of prednisone were utilized by children for acute exacerbations of asthma inadequately controlled by bronchodilators and inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate or cromolyn. The dose of prednisone was 1 mg/kg/day for five days with a maximum of 40 mg/day. Only ten children required hospitalization for status asthmaticus. Privately insured patients and non-privately insured patients accounted for 61 and 120 of the prednisone courses, respectively, of which five children from each group required hospitalization. The data suggest that short-term administration of prednisone for exacerbations of asthma was valuable in decreasing the need for hospitalization for asthma among bronchodilator-treated asthmatics. Further, patients from families without private hospitalization insurance appear as amenable to prednisone-intervention as privately insured patients. PMID- 3475561 TI - Osteonecrosis as a complication of steroid dependent asthma: a case report and review. AB - Corticosteroid associated osteonecrosis is a complex disease requiring high physician suspicion to make an early diagnosis. Although the exact cause is not completely known, it appears that systemic illness, anatomic location and elevated interosseous pressures interact to produce this lesion. Plain film and technetium bone scan are most commonly used for diagnosis, but occasionally, invasive procedures are required. Surgical treatment, ranging from decompression to total hip replacement, is most commonly, but not always recommended. PMID- 3475562 TI - Corticosteroids and theophylline clearance. AB - Whether the administration of corticosteroids affects the disposition of theophylline remains unclear. Increased clearance, decreased clearance, and no change in clearance are all reported with steroid doses that are used in the treatment of asthma. This study found that theophylline kinetics among two normal subjects did not change after corticosteroids, while in one normal adult, clearance was significantly higher after corticosteroids. Additional study will be needed to ascertain if oral corticosteroids given over a short period may affect theophylline disposition in some patients. PMID- 3475563 TI - Rechallenge of patients who developed oral candidiasis or hoarseness with beclomethasone dipropionate. AB - Of 158 asthmatic patients who were placed on inhaled beclomethasone, 15 (9.5%) developed either hoarseness (8), oral thrush (6), or both (1). When their adverse reactions subsided, seven of these 15 patients were rechallenged with inhaled beclomethasone. These included five cases who developed hoarseness and three who developed Candidiasis. One patient had both. Oral thrush did not recur, but 60% (3/5) of patients with hoarseness had recurrence. We conclude that patients may be restarted on inhaled beclomethasone when clinically indicated; however, because of the high recurrence rate, patients who develop hoarseness should not be re-challenged. Concomitant use of oral prednisone and topical beclomethasone may increase the risk of developing hoarseness or candidiasis. PMID- 3475564 TI - Efficiency of inhaled versus oral steroid treatment of chronic asthma. AB - The therapeutic efficiency of oral vs. inhaled steroid treatment for chronic asthma was compared in several graded-dose, double-blind controlled trials. Inhaled steroid proved significantly more effective than alternate-morning prednisone when the two regimens were compared in the same patients at equivalent levels of systemic glucocorticoid activity. Furthermore, if given in sufficient dosage, inhaled steroids proved equally as effective as oral prednisone given daily, and better tolerated than the latter. The data support a broadening of the therapeutic role of inhaled steroid drugs to include higher dosages and patients with more severe grades of asthma. To facilitate this, concentrated formulations are needed. Until the latter become available to the practitioner, combinations of inhaled plus oral steroid treatment may be used, since these have been shown to improve the efficacy of chronic steroid therapy without worsening its adverse effects. PMID- 3475565 TI - Expression of rat transforming growth factor alpha mRNA during development occurs predominantly in the maternal decidua. AB - Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor alpha is expressed during rodent development. To establish the site(s) of transforming growth factor alpha mRNA expression during rat embryogensis, we performed in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses on samples of embryonic and maternal tissues at various gestational ages. Our results indicate that the high levels of transforming growth factor alpha mRNA that are observed during early development are the result of expression in the maternal decidua and not in the embryo. Decidual expression appears to be induced after implantation, peaks at day 8, and then slowly declines through day 15 at which time the decidua is being resorbed. Expression of transforming growth factor alpha mRNA is highest in that region of the decidua adjacent to the embryo and is low or nondetectable in the uterus, placenta, and other maternal tissues. The developmentally regulated expression of transforming growth factor alpha mRNA in the decidua, together with the presence of epidermal growth factor receptors in this tissue, suggests that transforming growth factor alpha stimulates proliferation locally through an autocrine mechanism. Since epidermal growth factor receptors are present in the embryo and placenta, transforming growth factor alpha produced in the decidua may also act on these tissues through paracrine or endocrine mechanisms. PMID- 3475566 TI - Determinants of rat albumin promoter tissue specificity analyzed by an improved transient expression system. AB - The 150-base-pairs region located upstream of the transcriptional start site of the rat albumin gene contains all of the critical sequences necessary for this gene's tissue-specific expression in rat hepatoma cells. In transient expression assays using an improved CAT system or direct mRNA analysis we were able to detect a faithful transcription from the albumin promoter in albumin-negative dedifferentiated H5 hepatoma cells which was 250-fold weaker than in differentiated H4II hepatoma cells producing albumin. This strong tissue specificity could be completely overcome through the cis action of a non-tissue specific enhancer. Two upstream regions from nucleotides -151 to -119 and from 118 to -94, were required for efficient transcription in H4II cells. Each region contained a sequence motif highly conserved among different species. The effect of the -151/-119 region was strictly tissue specific, while the -118/-94 region was also involved in the low level of transcription observed in H5 cells. Finally, sequences between the CCAAT box and the TATA box also contributed to the overall tissue specificity of rat albumin gene transcription. PMID- 3475567 TI - Cell cycle variations of dinucleoside polyphosphates in synchronized cultures of mammalian cells. AB - Zajdela hepatoma culture cells (ZHC) and mouse embryo fibroblasts (Swiss 3T3) were synchronized in G1 or S phase by serum deprivation and aphidicolin treatment, respectively, to study the variations in adenylyl nucleotide (Ap4X) pool size during the progress of the cell cycle. Only minor variations, which never exceeded a factor of 2, were observed when the Ap4X concentrations were expressed on a cellular basis. The variations were found to be strictly parallel to the ATP variations. Upon release from an aphidicolin block, the minor variations of Ap4X followed DNA synthesis and preceded cytokinesis. When the nucleotide content was compared with the amount of proteins, the faint specific cell cycle changes were almost completely damped when the cells were synchronized by serum deprivation, but remained practically unchanged in the case of aphidicolin synchronization. These results suggest that the observed variations could reflect the accumulation of some nucleotides before cell division. It is not clear yet whether the variation in Ap4X concentration is significant by itself or is simply a phenomenon resulting from changes in the ATP pool. PMID- 3475568 TI - Transient expression of foreign genes in lymphoid cells is enhanced by phorbol ester. AB - In lymphoid cells and an erythroleukemia cell line, phorbol myristate acetate significantly enhanced (up to 90-fold) expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase driven by four unrelated viral transcriptional units. The results suggest that phorbol myristate acetate acts via a general mechanism to enhance gene expression in these cells and provides a convenient means for increasing transient expression of foreign DNA. PMID- 3475569 TI - Interferons increase transcription of a major histocompatibility class I gene via a 5' interferon consensus sequence. AB - Interferons (IFNs) augment expression of major histocompatibility class I genes in many cells. To study the effect of IFNs on transcription of class I genes, we prepared and tested activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) hybrid genes in which the cat gene is under the control of the 5' flanking region of the murine H-2Ld gene. NIH 3T3 cells transiently transfected with a cat construct having the sequence from position -210 to -134 showed a four- to fivefold increase in CAT activity when treated with IFN-alpha/beta. This sequence contains the IFN consensus sequence (ICS) shared among IFN-inducible genes, as well as the class I regulatory element (CRE) that controls up and down regulation of class I gene expression. To determine the precise sequence requirement for the IFN action, the ICS and CRE were independently placed upstream of the class I or a heterologous simian virus 40 promoter, and CAT activity was tested. The ICS, but not the CRE, enhanced activity of both promoters by about twofold upon exposure to IFN-alpha/beta, although greater responses were noted when the ICS and CRE were combined. These results demonstrate that the ICS alone is capable of enhancing promoter activity in response to IFN-alpha/beta treatment and that the CRE exerts a synergistic effect. Further, we show that the ICS functions as an inducible enhancer since it acts regardless of its orientation and distance in the simian virus 40 promoter. PMID- 3475570 TI - Modulation of transforming growth factor type beta action by activated ras and c myc. AB - Transfection of C3H/10T1/2 cells with a c-myc gene resulted in the acquisition of responsiveness to transforming growth factor type beta. Cells transfected with an activated H-ras gene or an H-ras and c-myc gene, however, exhibited a transformed morphology and spontaneous soft-agar growth, a phenotype induced reversibly by transforming growth factor type beta in responsive fibroblasts. PMID- 3475571 TI - [Formation of specific IgG antibodies in l-asparaginase treatment. Distribution of IgG subclasses]. AB - During l-Asparaginase (l-Asp) treatment the development of specific antibodies of IgG isotype is frequently observed. In most instances elevated IgG antibodies to l-Asp activate the complement system and induce allergic reactions following l Asp infusion. However, in some cases no adverse reactions and no activation of complement are noticed, despite the presence of elevated anti-l-Asp levels. We studied the development of specific IgG antibodies to l-Asp in different subclasses in 12 children who had produced high levels of specific IgG. Results showed that all patients had elevated levels of IgG1. In 5 cases we were able to demonstrate the development of specific IgG3 antibodies and in 1 case of IgG4 antibody. Patients with high levels of IgG3 (above 100 AU) had the highest risk for subsequent anaphylaxis. Thus, subclass-specific determination of antibodies to l-Asparaginase might improve the estimation of the risk of anaphylaxis prior to 1-Asp infusions. PMID- 3475572 TI - Bone sarcomas linked to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in children. AB - We estimated the risk of subsequent bone cancer among 9170 patients who had survived two or more years after the diagnosis of a cancer in childhood. As compared with the general population, the patients had a relative risk of 133 (95 percent confidence interval, 98 to 176) and a mean (+/- SE) 20-year cumulative risk of 2.8 +/- 0.7 percent. Detailed data on treatment were obtained on 64 patients in whom bone cancer developed after childhood cancer. As compared with 209 matched controls who had survived cancer in childhood but who did not have bone cancer later, patients who had had radiation therapy had a 2.7-fold risk (95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 7.7) and a sharp dose-response gradient reaching a 40-fold risk after doses to the bone of more than 6000 rad. The relative dose-response effect among patients who had been treated for retinoblastoma resembled that among patients with all other types of initial tumors, although the cumulative risk of bone cancer in the retinoblastoma group was higher. Similar numbers of patients were treated with orthovoltage and megavoltage; the patterns of risk among categories of doses did not differ according to the type of voltage. After adjustment for radiation therapy, treatment with alkylating agents was also linked to bone cancer (relative risk, 4.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 22.3), with the risk increasing as cumulative drug exposure rose. We conclude that both radiotherapy and chemotherapy with alkylating agents for childhood cancer increase the subsequent risk of bone cancer. PMID- 3475573 TI - Perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Specific antibody responses by the neonate. PMID- 3475574 TI - Antiretroviral therapy for AIDS. PMID- 3475575 TI - Seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa from 1970 to 1974. PMID- 3475576 TI - Italian HIV infection updated. PMID- 3475577 TI - West German release of altered bacteria causes furore. PMID- 3475578 TI - No hemlock in future harvest. PMID- 3475579 TI - No AIDS in Antarctica. PMID- 3475580 TI - Unauthorized release upsets EPA. PMID- 3475582 TI - Back to chickens. PMID- 3475581 TI - Effect of immunization with a vaccinia-HIV env recombinant on HIV infection of chimpanzees. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is now recognized as a worldwide epidemic for which there is no cure or vaccine. Chimpanzees are the only other animals that can be infected by HIV, and therefore the chimpanzee-HIV model system is useful for testing potential HIV vaccines. However, with one exception, there have been no reports of clinical manifestations of AIDS in chimpanzees. We report here results of an HIV vaccine trial in which nine chimpanzees were first immunized with either a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope glycoproteins of HIV strain LAV-1 (v-env5) or a control recombinant vaccinia virus and were then challenged with a high or low dose of LAV-1. Although HIV-specific antibody and T-cell responses were elicited by immunization, virus was isolated from lymphocytes of all challenged chimpanzees, indicating that immunization did not prevent infection by HIV. Among the animals that received a higher dose of LAV-1, one of two control chimpanzees, but none of the four v-env5-immunized chimpanzees developed substantial and persistent lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3475583 TI - Learn and Live Health Museum. PMID- 3475584 TI - Which medical specialist for you? The American Board of Medical Specialties. PMID- 3475585 TI - Implications for fee-for-service practices affiliated with independent practice associations. PMID- 3475586 TI - To test or not to test. Issues in community screening for human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3475587 TI - AIDS. Prevention and control in the laboratory and healthcare setting. PMID- 3475588 TI - A tasteless proposal. Caffeine overdose. PMID- 3475589 TI - Controlled substances from the emergency room. PMID- 3475590 TI - Ovarian pregnancy. PMID- 3475591 TI - Epithelial ovarian cancer. Prolonged relapse-free survival following secondary cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 3475592 TI - Neurological-otological treatment of acoustic tumors at the Wake Forest University Medical Center. PMID- 3475593 TI - A bright sun obscures the stars. PMID- 3475594 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: oculomotor function in patients in respirators. PMID- 3475595 TI - One segment of accident and emergency workload surveyed. PMID- 3475596 TI - Research note: smoking and nurses. PMID- 3475598 TI - Academic health centers: survival or demise? PMID- 3475597 TI - The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986. PMID- 3475599 TI - Carotid endarterectomy in a nonteaching community hospital. PMID- 3475600 TI - Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone despite hypertriiodothyronemia. PMID- 3475601 TI - Advances in cancer: chemosensitivity testing with antineoplastic agents. PMID- 3475602 TI - Current concepts in sleep apnea. PMID- 3475603 TI - Gastric reduction surgery for morbid obesity. PMID- 3475604 TI - Abstracts of the tenth annual meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society. Osaka, Japan, December 5-6, 1986. PMID- 3475605 TI - Preventing bicycle-related head injuries. PMID- 3475606 TI - Diagnostic approaches to Pancoast's syndrome. PMID- 3475607 TI - Amiodarone: therapeutic but toxic. PMID- 3475608 TI - The status of amiodarone. PMID- 3475609 TI - The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of Pancoast's tumor. PMID- 3475610 TI - Oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of 14 patients with bacterial pneumonia. PMID- 3475611 TI - Death of a dentist. PMID- 3475612 TI - Serum creatinine increase associated with amiodarone therapy. PMID- 3475613 TI - Fatal Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia. PMID- 3475614 TI - Bilateral pregnancy in a uterus didelphys. PMID- 3475615 TI - Patient-physician relationship. PMID- 3475616 TI - Diarrhea caused by group G streptococcus. PMID- 3475617 TI - Preventing cross infection. PMID- 3475618 TI - The 1987 Everett Magnus Oration: the professional person in modem society. PMID- 3475619 TI - Metronidazole and dry socket: prophylactic use in mandibular third molar removal complicated by non-acute pericoronitis. PMID- 3475620 TI - Market segmentation: the implications for dentistry. PMID- 3475621 TI - Taking the strain. PMID- 3475622 TI - Health in the workplace. Making nursing safer. PMID- 3475623 TI - Health in the workplace. Diary of an occupational health nurse. PMID- 3475624 TI - Health in the workplace. In the small work sites. PMID- 3475625 TI - Promoting self-care for diabetics. PMID- 3475627 TI - Helpless in Gaza. PMID- 3475626 TI - Maintaining a degree of quality. PMID- 3475628 TI - Passing down the power. PMID- 3475629 TI - What future for the specialist nurse? PMID- 3475630 TI - The health benefits review: the NZNA's view. PMID- 3475632 TI - Equal value, equal pay. PMID- 3475633 TI - Surviving in the modern world. PMID- 3475631 TI - Nursing dilemma. PMID- 3475634 TI - AIDS: a challenge for health workers. PMID- 3475635 TI - Nursing AIDS patients. PMID- 3475636 TI - ADN review: a call for midwifery changes. PMID- 3475638 TI - Two New Zealands. PMID- 3475637 TI - Setting the standards. PMID- 3475639 TI - Hepatitis and western New York dentists. PMID- 3475640 TI - Numbness: a discussion and a case report. PMID- 3475641 TI - The essence of communication .... put it in writing! PMID- 3475642 TI - Tax shelters and tax reform. PMID- 3475643 TI - To extract or not to extract third molars. PMID- 3475644 TI - Doxorubicin and methotrexate on a weekly schedule in patients with sarcomas. AB - Fifty-five sarcoma patients with advanced measurable disease were treated with a doxorubicin and methotrexate combination in which both drugs were given on a weekly schedule. Patients received doxorubicin and methotrexate at three prospectively evaluated treatment levels with doxorubicin dosage ranging from 0.5 to 0.725 mg/kg/week and methotrexate dosage ranging from 0.25 to 0.375 mg/kg/week. Objective responses were seen in 11 of 39 (28%) patients receiving the two higher doxorubicin-methotrexate treatment levels where doxorubicin dose was greater than 0.5 mg/kg/week compared to only 2 of 16 (12%) patients receiving lower doxorubicin levels (p less than 0.05), suggestive of a dose-response relationship. Toxicity of this regimen was manageable but stomatitis was appreciable, seen in 30% of patients. These results support the activity of weekly doxorubicin in sarcoma therapy. However, no apparent improvement was associated with addition of conventional dose methotrexate to weekly doxorubicin treatment. PMID- 3475645 TI - Reversal of human myeloid leukemia cells into normal granulocytes and macrophages: activity and intracellular distribution of catalase. AB - The activity and intracellular distribution of catalase was studied in culture human myeloid leukemia cells before and after induction of differentiation with tunicamycin. Activity of catalase was increased 5-fold in acute myeloid leukemia cells (AML) and 3-fold in chronic myeloid leukemia cells in comparison with normal granulocytes. Tunicamycin induced differentiation of HL-60 line and primary AML line characterized by increase in phagocytic cells and changes to resemble mature myeloid cells. Fc receptors were also induced in cells after tunicamycin treatment. Induction of differentiation with tunicamycin decreased high activity of catalase in cultured leukemic cells. The results of digitonin titration experiments showed that in control granulocytes and differentiated leukemic cells most of the catalase activity is present in subcellular particles distinct from mitochondria or lysosomes. In contrast, the catalase activity in undifferentiated cells is present in the same compartment as the other cytosolic markers. PMID- 3475646 TI - Flare-up with associated paresthesia of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. AB - A case report is presented that deals with mental nerve paresthesia resulting from the "flare-up" of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. A review of the literature and discussion follow, which suggest possible mechanisms that may be responsible for paresthesia as well as treatment regimens that may be used to minimize the incidence of this unexpected but occasional post-treatment endodontic sequela. PMID- 3475647 TI - Complications of endodontic therapy in florid osseous dysplasia. AB - A case in which endodontic therapy triggered an exaggerated inflammatory reaction in a patient with preexisting florid osseous dysplasia is presented. We suggest prophylactic antibiotic treatment before endodontic therapy in patients with this condition. PMID- 3475649 TI - Diagnostic imaging assessment of experimental intraoral "folded film". AB - "Folded film" is an experimental technique of film preparation that provides diagnostic imaging of intraoral structures with one-half the radiation required to produce conventional images. In this study, folded film periapical images were compared with similar conventional D- and E-speed film images with the use of 12 criteria for diagnostic visualization. Nineteen examiners judged folded films to be slightly less diagnostic than D-speed film images and somewhat more diagnostic than E-speed films. All systems were judged adequate for diagnostic visualization of bone and teeth. PMID- 3475648 TI - Caries detection with xeroradiographs: the influence of observer experience. AB - This study evaluated whether the degree of experience of dentists with xeroradiography influenced their performance in interpreting proximal surface dental caries on xeroradiographs. The performance of ten dentists with a minimum of 1.5 years of experience with xeroradiography was compared with that of dentists inexperienced with xeroradiographs. These data, collected in a clinical environment, were compared with those collected in a controlled laboratory environment by dentists inexperienced in interpretation of xeroradiographs. It was found that lack of experience in viewing xeroradiographs does not compromise interpretation of these images. Furthermore, both high- and low-contrast xeroradiographs were found to be slightly more useful than conventional radiographs for the detection of proximal surface caries. In general, observers who had optimal viewing conditions performed better than those in a clinical environment. PMID- 3475650 TI - Sialolith lodged in an endotracheal tube? PMID- 3475651 TI - Displaced third molar. PMID- 3475652 TI - Fused supernumerary tooth. PMID- 3475653 TI - Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, arthrotomography and clinical and surgical findings in temporomandibular joint internal derangements. AB - Twenty-four temporomandibular joints were evaluated by means of tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Seventeen of these joints were also examined with the use of arthrotomography. Meniscus surgery was carried out on 13 of the temporomandibular joints. The three imaging techniques were compared for diagnosis of disk displacement, of degenerative joint disease, and of perforations. All imaging techniques were compared with clinical and surgical findings. MRI was as accurate as arthrotomography in confirming disk displacement. MRI was more accurate in disclosing gross arthrosis than tomography. The best use of arthrography was in disclosing perforations. The best correlation to surgical findings was shown by the clinical examination. PMID- 3475654 TI - Modified external reference measurement technique for vertical positioning of the maxilla. PMID- 3475655 TI - Cardiac asystole complicating zygomatic arch fracture. PMID- 3475656 TI - Labial veneers in the management of desquamative gingivitis. AB - Desquamative gingivitis is an unsightly condition characterized by erythema and desquamation of the attached gingivae. The use of acrylic labial veneers as a vehicle for delivering medication and as a way to improve the esthetics is described. PMID- 3475657 TI - Central giant cell lesions of the mandible and maxilla: a clinicopathologic and cytometric study. AB - Computer-assisted image analysis was used to measure four histopathologic parameters (number of giant cells, mean number of nuclei per giant cell, fractional surface area, and relative size index) in two groups of patients with central giant cell lesions in a search for possible histologic predictors of clinical behavior. The lesions of 22 patients were classified clinically into nonaggressive and the lesions of 10 patients were classified into aggressive categories in accordance with the method of Chuong and Kaban. The majority of patients with aggressive lesions had recurrent tumors within 2 years and/or experienced pain, root resorption, and cortical perforation. Giant cells were selected in 25 random high-power magnification (X400) fields and measured by means of the Leitz Texture Analysis System-Plus. Linear stepwise discriminant analysis was applied to each parameter studied. Clinically aggressive giant cell lesions were characterized by a higher number of giant cells and greater fractional surface area when compared with the nonaggressive tumors. With the use of the "jackknife" classification procedure, the accuracy of the two statistically significant parameters (number of giant cells and fractional surface area) in predicting the aggressiveness or the nonaggressiveness of our group of central giant cell granulomas was, respectively, 70% and 82%. This study provides further evidence that the use of cytometric analysis of giant cells may be helpful in predicting prognosis and in planning treatment for these often difficult-to-manage lesions. PMID- 3475658 TI - Oral findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Oral examinations of 103 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were performed. Of these patients, 74 (72%) were heterosexuals and 29 (28%) were homosexual or bisexual men. Lesions that were identified on subsequent examination were recorded separately. Oral candidiasis was the most common finding, occurring in 94 patients. Other findings were herpes simplex ulceration (ten patients), exfoliative cheilitis (nine patients), xerostomia (ten patients), "hairy" leukoplakia (seven patients), and Kaposi's sarcoma (four patients). A patchy, depapillated tongue was seen in six patients, and ulcers with uncertain cause were seen in three patients. Gingival bleeding, perioral molluscum contagiosum, and brown hairy tongue each occurred in one patient. In this study, "hairy" leukoplakia and Kaposi's sarcoma occurred exclusively in homosexual and bisexual men with AIDS, and occurred significantly more frequently in this group than in heterosexual patients with AIDS. There was no significant difference between these groups in the frequency of occurrence of other findings. PMID- 3475659 TI - Clinical and arthrographic evaluation of the location of temporomandibular joint pain. AB - Two hundred five patients were prospectively examined for temporomandibular joint pain. Arthrograms were performed on 222 joints (188 unilateral and 17 bilateral). Pain in the ear occurred more frequently in arthrographically normal patients and in nonreducing meniscus patients compared with reducing meniscus patients. The location of pain in front of the ear, in the temples, or in the neck or the degree of pain intensity did not correlate to specific meniscal abnormalities. No correlation between the distribution and the character of headaches was observed. Pain characterization alone does not clinically separate meniscal abnormalities. PMID- 3475660 TI - Teratoma of the maxilla. AB - This article presents a case report of an intraoral teratoma in an 11-year-old boy. The tumor contained cartilage, smooth muscle, respiratory epithelium, brain, and skeletal muscle. Two adjacent cervical lymph nodes exhibited reactive changes, but another had been largely replaced by brain tissue. PMID- 3475661 TI - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the jaws: a case study and review of the literature. AB - Although first documented in 1958, the definitive explanation of the etiology and pathogenesis of the aneurysmal bone cyst has yet to be elucidated. This may be attributable to the relatively small number of cases contained within the literature. The following report and review of the pertinent literature is presented to add to the current body of knowledge on the subject. PMID- 3475662 TI - Bilateral fusion and gemination: a literature analysis and case report. AB - The dental literature concerning the bilateral presentation of fusion and gemination is reviewed and analyzed. Tables are presented to show the prevalence and distribution of these anomalies in both the primary and permanent dentitions. In addition, the first prevalence statistics for the bilateral occurrence of fusion and gemination in the primary and permanent dentitions are determined. The first case of bilateral fusion of mandibular primary incisors to be reported in 13 years is presented. The presence of all four succedaneous incisors and the diagnosis of bilateral fusion are confirmed radiographically. The developmental concerns and possible sequelae of bilateral fusion and gemination are also discussed. PMID- 3475663 TI - Lingual numbness and speech articulation deviation associated with temporomandibular joint disk displacement. AB - A prospective investigation of 208 patients with painful, arthrographically verified temporomandibular joint disk displacement revealed that seven patients (3%) demonstrated lingual numbness associated with speech articulation impairment. The speech disorder was characterized primarily by a distortion in the production of /s,r,d, and t/. The lingual numbness and the speech disorder had in all cases started in association with a painful onset of permanent displacement of the temporomandibular joint disk. Local anesthetic blocking of the auriculotemporal nerve eliminated both joint pain and muscle pain and normalized tongue sensitivity and speech articulation. Placebo injections of saline solution resulted in no change. The explanation of the phenomenon is that the course of the lingual nerve for these seven patients was through the lateral pterygoid muscle rather than mesial to the muscle bundles and that an arthrokinetic myospasm resulted in compression of the lingual nerve. In order to test the hypothesis that the condition of lingual nerve entrapment in the lateral pterygoid muscle does exist, the course of the nerve was studied at dissection in 52 specimens from 26 cadaver heads. In 49 of the specimens, the lingual nerve descended deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle as has been traditionally defined. However, in three specimens, the nerve passed through the inferior belly of the muscle, revealing the condition of lingual nerve entrapment. PMID- 3475664 TI - Effect of citalopram, amineptine, imipramine and nortriptyline on stress-induced (footshock) analgesia in rats. AB - The influence of the oral administration of different doses of citalopram (5, 15 and 45 mg/kg), imipramine (15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg), nortriptyline (15, 45 and 60 mg/kg) and amineptine (45 mg/kg) on stress-induced analgesia has been studied in anaesthetized rats. None of the administered antidepressants seem to have appreciable analgesic activity when analgesia is tested by the tail-immersion method. Citalopram, imipramine and nortriptyline, but not amineptine, increase the analgesia induced by inescapable footshock delivered continuously for 2 min to rats. Citalopram is the most potent drug. Our results support the suggested importance of 5-HT and noradrenaline terminals, but not those of dopamine, in the mediation of the stress-induced analgesia and seem to support the hypothesis that the analgesic activity of antidepressants is partially related to their modulating effects on the endogenously released opioid peptides involved in the endogenous pain inhibitory systems. PMID- 3475665 TI - [Protective effect of preparations with antihypoxic action in experimental botulin poisoning]. PMID- 3475666 TI - Car seats for children with mechanically assisted ventilation. PMID- 3475667 TI - [Community medicine and community dentistry]. PMID- 3475668 TI - [Bacteroides gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease in humans]. PMID- 3475669 TI - [Factors that affect the prognosis of endodontic treatment. A literature review]. PMID- 3475670 TI - [The use and opinions held on fluorides as a preventive agent by the parents of young children in a Stavanger community]. PMID- 3475671 TI - [Alternative cavity preparations with the use of composites and glass ionomer cements in primary Class II lesions]. PMID- 3475672 TI - [Dental study of adults as a part of a health control program]. PMID- 3475673 TI - [Opinions on water fluoridation held by dentists in Norway. A questionnaire survey in 1986]. PMID- 3475674 TI - [Treatment possibilities in oral galvanism. A case presentation]. PMID- 3475675 TI - [Round table: Differentiation of human malignant lymphoid and myeloid cells]. PMID- 3475676 TI - Concurrent mutations in two different ras genes in acute myelocytic leukemias. AB - DNA transfection analyses (tumorigenicity assay) and hybridization to mutation specific oligonucleotide probes established point mutations in codon 61 of both, N-ras and Ki-ras genes in fresh leukemic cells of an AML patient. Concurrent activation of N-ras and Ki-ras sequences by point mutations in codons 12 were demonstrated for AML cell line Rc2a. Moreover, using a rapid and sensitive dot blot screening procedure based on the combination of in vitro amplification of ras specific sequences and oligonucleotide hybridization we could show that ras gene activation was not present in primary leukemic cells of the patient this cell line had been derived from, but rather occurred during later passages of Rc2a. PMID- 3475678 TI - Expression of mRNA electroporated into plant and animal cells. AB - A general method to introduce RNA molecules into plant protoplasts and animal cells is described. This technique utilizes the ability of electric pulses of high field strength to form pores in biomembranes. RNA molecules containing the coding region for the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) were used as a model system. The presence of CAT activity as a result of the in vivo translation of the introduced RNA is entirely dependent on the presence of a 5' cap and greatly increased by the presence of a poly A tail at the 3' end. The introduction of RNA into eukaryotic cells has broad applicability both as an assay for the uptake of nucleic acids into cells independent of transcriptional activity and as a tool to study eukaryotic mRNA translation. PMID- 3475679 TI - Behavioral changes of children undergoing dental treatment using sedation versus general anesthesia. PMID- 3475677 TI - Comparative inhibition of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression by antisense oligonucleotide analogues having alkyl phosphotriester, methylphosphonate and phosphorothioate linkages. AB - Several classes of oligonucleotide antisense compounds of sequence complementary to the start of the mRNA coding sequence for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), including methylphosphonate, alkyltriester, and phosphorothioate analogues of DNA, have been compared to "normal" phosphodiester oligonucleotides for their ability to inhibit expression of plasmid-directed CAT gene activity in CV-1 cells. CAT gene expression was inhibited when transfection with plasmid DNA containing the gene for CAT coupled to simian virus 40 regulatory sequences (pSV2CAT) or the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer (pHIVCAT) was carried out in the presence of 30 microM concentrations of analogue. For the oligo methylphosphonate analogue, inhibition was dependent on both oligomer concentration and chain length. Analogues with phosphodiester linkages that alternated with either methylphosphonate, ethyl phosphotriester, or isopropyl phosphotriester linkages were less effective inhibitors, in that order. The phosphorothioate analogue was about two-times more potent than the oligo methylphosphonate, which was in turn approximately twice as potent as the normal oligonucleotide. PMID- 3475680 TI - Evaluation of the comparative effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinsing, fluoride tablets, and both procedures in combination: interim findings after two years. PMID- 3475681 TI - Caries in the primary teeth and salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus levels as indicators of caries in permanent teeth. PMID- 3475682 TI - In vitro model for pit and fissure caries. PMID- 3475683 TI - Composite restorations for primary molars: results after four years. PMID- 3475684 TI - Asymmetrical tooth defects observed in hypoplastic primary teeth and amelogenesis imperfecta: case reports. PMID- 3475685 TI - Nonendemic Burkitt's lymphoma with jaw involvement: case report. PMID- 3475687 TI - In search of significant differences. PMID- 3475686 TI - Modification of Papoose Board restraint to facilitate airway management of the sedated pediatric dental patient. PMID- 3475688 TI - Oral manifestation of primary and acquired immunodeficiency diseases in children. PMID- 3475689 TI - Maternal cell contamination in cultured chorionic villi: comparison of chromosome Q-polymorphisms derived from villi, fetal skin, and maternal lymphocytes. AB - Maternal cell contamination of chorionic villi (CV) samples used for first trimester prenatal diagnosis can cause obvious and/or unrecognized diagnostic dilemmas. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the frequency of maternal cell contamination (MCC) in chorionic villus samples and to evaluate selected parameters which might predict where contamination is more likely to have occurred. Maternal lymphocytes, chorionic villi from ultrasonically directed transcervical catheter aspiration, and fetal tissue were obtained at 8-11 weeks gestation from 45 patients undergoing elective termination. Quinacrine (Q) banded metaphases were compared from duplicate direct preparations of chorionic villi; cultured chorionic villi, fetal fibroblast tissue cultures, and maternal lymphocyte cultures. Q-polymorphisms in metaphase chromosomes were 100 per cent concordant between fetal tissue and direct CV preparation. However, evidence for maternal cell contamination occurred in 13.1 per cent of cultured chorionic villi preparations where polymorphisms were found to be identical between maternal and cultured CV and both distinct from fetal tissue preparations. Where MCC was identified, it was noted that CV cell cultivation interval was prolonged (24.2 +/ 6.8 days) compared with non-contaminated cultures (14.1 +/- 4.4 days) (p less than 0.05). We conclude that maternal cell contamination is a significant problem with chorionic villus sampling. Where direct preparations are not employed or when cultures are 'slow growing', MCC may be a significant and unrecognized complication re: fetal diagnosis. Direct preparations, multiple cultures, quinacrine banding, and maternal Q-polymorphism comparisons can minimize diagnostic dilemmas secondary to maternal cell contamination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475690 TI - Full-length cDNA for rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase: functional domains and evolution of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. AB - A full-length cDNA for tryptophan hydroxylase was cloned from rabbit pineal body by screening an expression library with antibody against rat phenylalanine hydroxylase, which crossreacts with rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase. Clones producing immunoreactive material contain sequences homologous to, yet distinct from, phenylalanine hydroxylase. The rabbit cDNA hybridizes to mRNA in pineal body and brainstem but not in liver. Comparison of the rabbit tryptophan hydroxylase sequence with the sequences of phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase demonstrates that these three biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases are highly homologous, reflecting a common evolutionary origin from a single primordial genetic locus. The pattern of sequence homology supports the hypothesis that the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of the molecules constitute the enzymatic activity cores, and the amino-terminal thirds of the molecules constitute domains for substrate specificity. PMID- 3475691 TI - Phospholipase C associated with particulate fractions of bovine brain. AB - We previously reported that cytosolic fractions of bovine brain contain two immunologically distinct phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLCs), PLC-I and PLC-II. In this report the subcellular distribution of PLC-I and PLC-II in brain homogenates was measured using RIA. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the two forms of PLC in 100,000 X g supernatants (cytosolic fraction) of brain homogenized in hypotonic buffer and 2 M KCl extracts of washed pellets (particulate fraction). More than 90% of PLC-II was found in the cytosolic fractions, whereas the PLC-I-like molecules were equally distributed between cytosolic and particulate fractions. Purification of PLC enzyme to near homogeneity from the particulate fractions yielded two PLC enzymes, both of which could be recognized by anti-PLC-I antibodies but not by anti-PLC-II antibodies. Their Mr values, determined under denaturing conditions, were 150,000 and 140,000. The polypeptide of the enzyme of Mr 150,000 seems to be the same as that of the cytosolic enzyme PLC-I: their Mr values were identical, and their trypsin digested peptides yielded a similar elution profile on a C18 reverse-phase column. We propose, therefore, that PLC-I and its truncated form are weakly associated with membranes. PMID- 3475692 TI - Dopamine regulates expression of the glandular-type kallikrein gene at the transcriptional level in the pituitary. AB - A glandular-like kallikrein enzyme, a member of a well-characterized family of specific arginyl endopeptidases that may be involved in prohormone processing, has previously been shown to be present in the anterior and neurointermediate lobes of the rat pituitary. We isolated glandular-like kallikrein cDNAs from cDNA libraries prepared from these two tissues. By nucleotide sequence, restriction endonuclease, solution hybridization/nuclease protection, and blot analyses, we showed that, of the 8-10 rat kallikrein-encoding genes, it is the true glandular kallikrein mRNA that is expressed in both pituitary lobes. RNA blot-hybridization analysis of anterior and neurointermediate lobe pituitary RNA revealed a kallikrein mRNA of approximately equal to 900 base pairs. As analyzed by blot hybridization and solution hybridization/nuclease protection analyses, the true glandular kallikrein mRNA was present at low levels: approximately equal to 0.05% of total mRNA in both male and female neurointermediate lobes. Similar low levels of the glandular kallikrein mRNA were found in the male anterior lobe, whereas the levels were 10- to 15-fold higher in the female anterior lobe. In vivo administration of a dopamine agonist (bromocryptine) or antagonist (haloperidol) caused a decrease or increase, respectively, in the amount of true glandular kallikrein mRNA in the neurointermediate lobe of both sexes that closely paralleled changes in proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels. Bromocryptine decreased and haloperidol increased true glandular kallikrein mRNA levels in the female anterior lobe but had no effect in the male anterior lobe. Nuclear transcription run-on studies showed that the changes in mRNA were due, at least in part, to parallel effects of haloperidol on kallikrein gene transcription. Thus, these studies have demonstrated that the pituitary expresses the glandular-type member of the kallikrein gene family and that dopaminergic compounds elicit changes in kallikrein mRNA, at least in part, by modulating transcription. In the intermediate lobe, regulation of true glandular kallikrein gene expression is parallel to that of proopiomelanocortin gene expression, suggesting that the enzyme may play a physiological role in the production and/or secretion of the proopiomelanocortin peptides in this tissue. PMID- 3475693 TI - Human thyroid peroxidase: complete cDNA and protein sequence, chromosome mapping, and identification of two alternately spliced mRNAs. AB - Two forms of human thyroid peroxidase cDNAs were isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library, prepared from Graves disease thyroid tissue mRNA, by use of oligonucleotides. The longest complete cDNA, designated phTPO-1, has 3048 nucleotides and an open reading frame consisting of 933 amino acids, which would encode a protein with a molecular weight of 103,026. Five potential asparagine linked glycosylation sites are found in the deduced amino acid sequence. The second peroxidase cDNA, designated phTPO-2, is almost identical to phTPO-1 beginning 605 base pairs downstream except that it contains 1-base-pair difference and lacks 171 base pairs in the middle of the sequence. This results in a loss of 57 amino acids corresponding to a molecular weight of 6282. Interestingly, this 171-nucleotide sequence has GT and AG at its 5' and 3' boundaries, respectively, that are in good agreement with donor and acceptor splice site consensus sequences. Using specific oligonucleotide probes for the mRNAs derived from the cDNA sequences hTPO-1 and hTPO-2, we show that both are expressed in all thyroid tissues examined and the relative level of two mRNAs is different in each sample. These results suggest that two thyroid peroxidase proteins might be generated through alternate splicing of the same gene. By using somatic cell hybrid lines, the thyroid peroxidase gene was mapped to the short arm of human chromosome 2. PMID- 3475694 TI - Topography and stoichiometry of acidic proteins in large ribosomal subunits from Artemia salina as determined by crosslinking. AB - The 60S subunits isolated from Artemia salina ribosomes were treated with the crosslinking reagent 2-iminothiolane under mild conditions. Proteins were extracted and fractions containing crosslinked acidic proteins were obtained by stepwise elution from CM-cellulose. Each fraction was analyzed by "diagonal" (two dimensional nonreducing-reducing) NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Crosslinked proteins below the diagonal were radioiodinated and identified by two dimensional acidic urea-NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis. Each of the acidic proteins P1 and P2 was crosslinked individually to the same third protein, P0. The fractions containing acidic proteins were also analyzed by two-dimensional nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing-NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two crosslinked complexes were observed that coincide in isoelectric positions with monomeric P1 and P2, respectively. Both P1 and P2 appear to form crosslinked homodimers. These results suggest the presence in the 60S subunit of (P1)2 and (P2)2 dimers, each of which is anchored to P0. Protein P0 appears to play the same role as L10 in Escherichia coli ribosomes and may form a pentameric complex with the two dimers in the 60S subunits. PMID- 3475695 TI - Detection of neuropeptide Y and its mRNA in megakaryocytes: enhanced levels in certain autoimmune mice. AB - Neuropeptide tyrosine (neuropeptide Y, NPY) is a potent vasoconstrictor with a wide distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Here we show that high levels of rat NPY mRNA are also found in peripheral blood cells, bone marrow, lung, and spleen. Furthermore, radioimmunoassay revealed high levels of NPY-like peptide in these tissues. In mice, the levels of splenic NPY mRNA and immunoreactive peptide differed extensively between strains and were greatly elevated in several strains (NZB, NZBxW, and BXSB) that develop a disease resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus. Like the rat, the NZB mouse showed a high content of NPY mRNA in peripheral blood cells and bone marrow. Immunohistochemical staining revealed NPY-like immunoreactivity in large cells morphologically identifiable as megakaryocytes in rat bone marrow and in the spleen of the NZB mouse strain. Expression of NPY mRNA in megakaryocytes in rat bone marrow and NZB mouse spleen was confirmed by in situ hybridization. These results indicate that NPY is synthesized in megakaryocytes, implying that NPY can be released from platelets and function as a vasoconstrictor during blood-vessel damage. In addition, the increase in splenic NPY in certain autoimmune mouse strains adds to the list of abnormalities associated with these strains. PMID- 3475696 TI - Molecular cloning of a prolactin-related mRNA expressed in bovine placenta. AB - Bovine (Bos taurus) prolactin-related cDNA I (bPRC-I), distinct from the isolated bovine placental lactogen, was derived from bovine fetal placental mRNA by molecular cloning. The nucleotide sequence is 63% homologous to bovine prolactin cDNA and only 45% to bovine growth hormone. The region of bPRC-I corresponding to the 5' portion of the signal peptide and 5' untranslated region of bovine prolactin mRNA is markedly different from prolactin. The predicted protein is 39% homologous to bovine prolactin and about 30% to the related placental hormones in rodents. This identification of a prolactin-related gene in the cow in addition to those reported in rodents suggests that multiple prolactin-related genes expressed in the placenta may be a general phenomenon in nonprimates. The role of these related hormones during gestation remains to be investigated. PMID- 3475697 TI - Isolation of a rearranged human transforming gene following transfection of Kaposi sarcoma DNA. AB - By transfecting high molecular weight DNA from a Kaposi sarcoma lesion into murine NIH 3T3 cells, we have identified and molecularly cloned a set of human DNA sequences capable of inducing focus formation, growth in agar, and tumorigenicity in these cells. The human DNA sequences present in primary, secondary, and tertiary NIH 3T3 transformants encompass about 32 kilobases (kb) and contain four rearrangements with respect to normal human DNA and a portion of the c-fms protooncogene (FMS in human gene nomenclature). However, the minimal transforming region (6.6 kb) identified in our cloned DNA borders on the c-fms DNA region but does not contain c-fms coding sequences. The fms sequences are also not represented in the two transcripts (approximately equal to 1.2 and 3.5 kb) detected in NIH 3T3 transformants; however, they might provide elements regulating expression. Hybridization to several known oncogene probes and preliminary sequencing data indicate that we have identified a previously unrecognized "activated" oncogene. Since the rearrangements present in our cloned DNA sequences are not detectable in the original Kaposi tumor DNA used for transfection, it is possible that this oncogene was generated during gene transfer. PMID- 3475699 TI - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: identification of autophosphorylation sites responsible for generation of Ca2+/calmodulin independence. AB - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II contains two types of subunit, alpha (Mr 50,000) and beta (Mr 60,000/58,000), both of which undergo Ca2+/calmodulin dependent autophosphorylation. Autophosphorylation is known to convert the enzyme to a Ca2+/calmodulin-independent form. In the present study, we have characterized the autophosphorylation sites on rat forebrain Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II that are most likely to be responsible for the generation of Ca2+/calmodulin-independence. Under conditions (0 degree C, low concentrations of ATP) sufficient to generate close to maximal Ca2+/calmodulin independence, only a few of the phosphorylatable sites on the enzyme became phosphorylated. These autophosphorylation sites were examined by phospho amino acid analysis, two-dimensional thermolytic phosphopeptide mapping, and high performance liquid chromatography. The time course of phosphorylation of threonine in both alpha and beta subunits was similar to the time course of the generation of Ca2+/calmodulin-independence. Moreover, the time course of phosphorylation of one set of peptides, referred to as peptide 1/1', present in both alpha and beta subunits was similar to the time course of the generation of Ca2+/calmodulin-independence. Threonine was the only amino acid phosphorylated in peptide 1/1'. An additional peptide, referred to as peptide 2, was phosphorylated in the beta subunit. The time course of phosphorylation of peptide 2, which also contained only phosphothreonine, did not parallel the time course of the generation of Ca2+/calmodulin-independence. It is likely that the phosphorylation of a threonine residue on peptide 1/1' is responsible for the generation of Ca2+/calmodulin-independence of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. PMID- 3475698 TI - Thyroid hormone receptor binds to a site in the rat growth hormone promoter required for induction by thyroid hormone. AB - Transcription of the rat growth hormone (rGH) gene in pituitary cells is increased by addition of thyroid hormone (T3). This induction is dependent on the presence of specific sequences just upstream of the rGH promoter. We have partially purified T3 receptor from rat liver and examined its interaction with these rGH sequences. We show here that T3 receptor binds specifically to a site just upstream of the basal rGH promoter. This binding site includes two copies of a 7-base-pair direct repeat, the centers of which are separated by 10 base pairs. Deletions that specifically remove the T3 receptor binding site drastically reduce response to T3 in transient transfection experiments. These results demonstrate that T3 receptor can recognize specific DNA sequences and suggest that it can act directly as a positive transcriptional regulatory factor. PMID- 3475700 TI - Molecular mechanical simulations on double intercalation of 9-amino acridine into d(CGCGCGC) X d(GCGCGCG): analysis of the physical basis for the neighbor exclusion principle. AB - The neighbor-exclusion principle is one of the most general and interesting rules describing intercalative DNA binding by small molecules. It suggests that such binding can only occur at every other base-pair site, reflecting a very large negative cooperativity in the binding process. We have carried out molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations to study intercalation complexes between 9-amino acridine and the base-paired heptanucleotide d(CGCGCGC) X d(GCGCGCG), in which the neighbor-exclusion principle was both obeyed and violated. Our studies find no stereochemical preference that favors the neighbor exclusion-obeying structures over the neighbor-exclusion-violating structures. Alternative explanations for the existence of the neighbor-exclusion principle are vibrational entropy effects that we calculate to favor the more flexible neighbor-exclusion models over the more rigid neighbor-exclusion-violating models and polyelectrolyte (counterion release) effects. PMID- 3475701 TI - Toward an understanding of the folding of ribonuclease A. AB - A mechanism was proposed several years ago for the regeneration of native ribonuclease A (EC 3.1.27.5) from the fully reduced form by a mixture of oxidized and reduced glutathiones. Several folding pathways, depending on the solution conditions, were deduced. It is shown here that recent criticisms of those results are due to a misinterpretation of the analysis of our data. A more detailed description of our method of analysis of our previous kinetic and energetic data is presented in order to clarify possible misconceptions. PMID- 3475702 TI - Mr 25,000 heparin-binding protein from guinea pig brain is a high molecular weight form of basic fibroblast growth factor. AB - A Mr 25,000 form of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been isolated from guinea pig brain along with the typical Mr 18,000 form. Both forms were purified to homogeneity by a combination of heparin-affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography on an FPLC Mono S column. The Mr 25,000 form, like the Mr 18,000 form, was not eluted from the heparin-affinity column with 0.95 M NaCl, but was eluted with 2 M NaCl. The Mr 25,000 guinea pig protein stimulated plasminogen activator production by cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 0.1-10 ng/ml, the same range that was effective for guinea pig and human Mr 18,000 bFGFs. The binding of human 125I labeled bFGF to baby hamster kidney cells is inhibited equally by the Mr 25,000 guinea pig protein and the Mr 18,000 guinea pig and human bFGFs. Polyclonal antibodies raised against human bFGF recognize both the Mr 25,000 and 18,000 guinea pig proteins in an immunoblot analysis. In a radioimmunoassay, both the Mr 25,000 and Mr 18,000 guinea pig proteins compete equally well with iodinated human bFGF for binding to the anti-human bFGF antibodies. When treated with low concentrations of trypsin, the Mr 25,000 guinea pig bFGF was converted to a Mr 18,000 protein. These results show that the two molecules are closely related and suggest that the Mr 25,000 protein shares substantial homology with the Mr 18,000 bFGF. PMID- 3475703 TI - Phylogenetic relationships between chlorophytes, chrysophytes, and oomycetes. AB - The phylogenetic relationships among the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the chrysophyte Ochromonas danica, and the oomycete Achyla bisexualis were explored by comparing the sequences of their small-subunit ribosomal RNA coding regions. Comparisons of similarity values or inspection of phylogenetic trees constructed by distance matrix methods reveal a very close relationship between oomycetes and chrysophytes. The separation of chrysophytes from chlorophytes is comparable to that of plants from animals, and both separations are far antedated by the divergence of a number of other protist groups. PMID- 3475704 TI - Characterization of the alpha-tubulin gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana. AB - The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (Linnaeus) Heynhold was shown to contain an alpha-tubulin gene family consisting of at least four genes and/or pseudogenes. The primary structure of a transcribed alpha-tubulin gene was determined. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the A. thaliana alpha-tubulin with the predicted amino acid sequences of alpha-tubulins of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Stylonychia lemnae, and Homo spaiens reveals a high degree of homology; 90%, 87%, and 83% identity, respectively. Thus, a plant alpha-tubulin exhibits a high degree of homology to the alpha-tubulins of protists and animals. The coding sequence of the A. thaliana alpha-tubulin gene is interrupted by four introns, which occur at positions different from those of the less numerous introns of C. reinhardtii and rat alpha-tubulin genes. S1 nuclease mapping data showed that transcription is initiated 99 +/- 1 base pairs upstream from the translation initiation codon. Both 5' and 3' noncoding gene-specific probes were used to examine the expression of the alpha-tubulin gene in leaves, roots, and flowers by hybridization to total RNA isolated from these tissues. The results showed that the alpha-tubulin gene was transcribed in all three tissues. PMID- 3475705 TI - Transfection of normal human and Chinese hamster DNA corrects diepoxybutane induced chromosomal hypersensitivity of Fanconi anemia fibroblasts. AB - Cultured cells from individuals affected with Fanconi anemia (FA) exhibit spontaneous chromosome breakage and hypersensitivity to the cell killing and clastogenic effects of the difunctional alkylating agent diepoxybutane (DEB). We report here the correction of both of these DEB-hypersensitivity phenotypes of FA cells achieved by cotransfection of normal placental or Chinese hamster lung cell DNA and the plasmid pSV2-neo-SVgpt. Transfectants were selected for clonogenic survival after treatment with DEB at a dose of 5 micrograms/ml. At this dose of DEB, the clonogenicity of normal fibroblasts was reduced to 50% and that of FA fibroblasts was reduced to zero. DEB-resistant (DEBr) colonies selected in this system exhibited a normal response to DEB-induced chromosome breakage and resistance to repeated DEB treatment. The neo and gpt sequences were detected by Southern blot analysis of DNA from one of four DEBr colonies independently derived from transfection of human DNA and one of three DEBr colonies independently derived from transfection of Chinese hamster DNA. In addition, Alu equivalent hamster sequences were detected in three of seven additional independently derived colonies from transfection of Chinese hamster DNA. The DEBr phenotype of these colonies was stably maintained over several subcultures. Our results demonstrate that DNA sequences that complement the two hallmark cellular phenotypes (cellular and chromosomal hypersensitivity to alkylating agents) of FA are present in human as well as Chinese hamster DNA. The cloning of these genes using transfection strategies can be expected to enable molecular characterization of FA. PMID- 3475706 TI - Extensive families of constant region genes in a phylogenetically primitive vertebrate indicate an additional level of immunoglobulin complexity. AB - A homologous probe for the constant region of the Heterodontus francisci (horned shark) immunoglobulin heavy chain was used to screen a genomic DNA library constructed in bacteriophage lambda, and a large number of independent clones were recovered. Their hybridization patterns with segment-specific probes are consistent with the close linkage of heavy-chain constant (CH), joining (JH), and variable (VH) gene segments. Differences in the nucleotide sequences of the first CH exon of five genes primarily are localized to 5' positions; extended regions of sequence identity are noted at 3' positions. The predicted amino acid sequences of each gene are different and are related distantly to the corresponding regions of higher vertebrate immunoglobulins. Gene-specific oligodeoxynucleotide probes were used to establish that at least three of the five genes are transcriptionally active. Quantitative gene titration data are consistent with the large numbers of genes suggested by the library screening analyses. In this representative early vertebrate, it appears that (VH-diversity JH) segments are associated with individual constant region genes that can differ at the predicted protein level. PMID- 3475707 TI - Contrasting impairments in IgM and IgG responses of vitamin A-deficient mice. AB - Mice fed a semipurified, vitamin A-deficient diet (A- mice) and control animals fed the same diet with added retinyl acetate (A+ mice) were used to investigate the effect of vitamin A deficiency on primary immunoglobulin responses to protein antigens. At age 6 weeks, A- mice had serum retinol concentrations that were 46% of A+ controls. When immunized with a single antigen dose, these mice produced an antigen-specific IgM response equivalent to controls, but their IgG1 and IgG3 responses were sharply diminished (less than 30% of A+ controls). At age 8 weeks, A- mice had 20% of A+ serum retinol concentrations and less than 17% of A+ liver retinyl palmitate levels. Responding to a single antigen dose, A- mice produced approximately equal to 70% as much IgM as A+ controls. Their IgG1 response was less than 30% and their IgG3 response less than 3% of A+ controls. The IgG1 response kinetics were identical in A- and A+ mice. Diminished serum antibody responses in A- mice were attributable to fewer immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells rather than to a decline in IgM or IgG secretion rate per cell. Total serum IgG3 levels, irrespective of antigen specificity, were slightly elevated in A- mice compared to A+ controls. The inefficient clonal expansion of responding B lymphocytes and contrasting impairment of IgM and IgG responses observed in vitamin A-deficient mice are discussed with respect to a possible helper/inducer T-lymphocyte defect. PMID- 3475708 TI - Antioxidant activity of albumin-bound bilirubin. AB - Bilirubin, when bound to human albumin and at concentrations present in normal human plasma, protects albumin-bound linoleic acid from peroxyl radical-induced oxidation in vitro. Initially, albumin-bound bilirubin (Alb-BR) is oxidized at the same rate as peroxyl radicals are formed and biliverdin is produced stoichiometrically as the oxidation product. On an equimolar basis, Alb-BR successfully competes with uric acid for peroxyl radicals but is less efficient in scavenging these radicals than vitamin C. These results show that 1 mol of Alb BR can scavenge 2 mol of peroxyl radicals and that small amounts of plasma bilirubin are sufficient to prevent oxidation of albumin-bound fatty acids as well as of the protein itself. The data indicate a role for Alb-BR as a physiological antioxidant in plasma and the extravascular space. PMID- 3475709 TI - Probucol prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - In this study, we questioned whether in vivo probucol could prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. At 2 months of age, eight WHHL rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 4) was fed standard rabbit chow for 6 months. Group B (n = 4) was fed standard rabbit chow containing 1% probucol for 6 months. At the end of the experiments, average plasma concentrations of cholesterol were 704 +/- 121 mg/dl in group A and 584 +/ 61 mg/dl in group B, respectively. The percentage of surface area of total thoracic aorta with visible plaques in group A versus group B was 54.2% +/- 18.8% versus 7.0% +/- 6.3%, respectively. What was noteworthy was that the percentage of plaque in the descending thoracic aorta was almost negligible (0.2% +/- 0.2%) in group B rabbits compared to that in group A rabbits (41.1% +/- 20.2%). Low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated from WHHL rabbits under treatment with probucol (group B) were shown to be highly resistant to oxidative modification by cupric ion and to be minimally recognized by macrophages. On the contrary, LDL from group A rabbits incubated with cupric ion showed a 7.4-fold increase in peroxides (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and a 4.3-fold increase in the synthesis of cholesteryl ester in macrophages compared to those of LDL from group B rabbits. Thus, probucol could definitely prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in homozygous WHHL rabbits in vivo by limiting oxidative LDL modification and foam cell transformation of macrophages. PMID- 3475710 TI - Mutations in the human adenosine deaminase gene that affect protein structure and RNA splicing. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) deficiency is one cause of the genetic disease severe combined immunodeficiency. To identify mutations responsible for ADA deficiency, we synthesized cDNAs to ADA mRNAs from two cell lines, GM2756 and GM2825A, derived from ADA-deficient immunodeficient patients. Sequence analysis of GM2756 cDNA clones revealed a different point mutation in each allele that causes amino acid changes of alanine to valine and arginine to histidine. One allele of GM2825A also has a point mutation that causes an alanine to valine substitution. The other allele of GM2825A was found to produce an mRNA in which exon 4 had been spliced out but had no other detrimental mutations. S1 nuclease mapping of GM2825A mRNAs showed equal abundance of the full-length ADA mRNA and the ADA mRNA that was missing exon 4. Several of the ADA cDNA clones extended 5' of the major initiation start site, indicating multiple start sites for ADA transcription. The point mutations in GM2756 and GM2825A and the absence of exon 4 in GM2825A appear to be directly responsible for the ADA deficiency. Comparison of a number of normal and mutant ADA cDNA sequences showed a number of changes in the third base of codons. These changes do not affect the amino acid sequence. Analyses of ADA cDNAs from different cell lines detected aberrant RNA species that either included intron 7 or excluded exon 7. Their presence is a result of aberrant splicing of pre-mRNAs and is not related to mutations that cause ADA deficiency. PMID- 3475711 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins. AB - Rat type II pneumocytes expressed vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity that incorporated 14CO2 into microsomal protein precursors of molecular weights similar to those of surfactant-associated proteins (SAP). Compared to carboxylated precursor proteins present in the liver, these molecules appeared to be unique to the lung. Antibodies raised against purified rat surfactant reacted with SAP resolved by NaDodSO4/PAGE and with surfactant-containing lamellar bodies in type II pneumocyte cytoplasm. NaDodSO4/PAGE of microsomal proteins, after carboxylase-catalyzed incorporation of 14CO2, demonstrated radiolabeled, immunoreactive products identical to SAP. The presence of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in these proteins was confirmed by HPLC analysis of SAP hydrolysates. Furthermore, lung carboxylase activity and SAP matured over similar time courses during fetal lung development. These results show that SAP are carboxylated by type II cells via a vitamin K-dependent pathway analogous to that for hepatic carboxylation of clotting factors. Further analogy to the clotting system suggests that gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in SAP polypeptides play a role in Ca2+ binding and thus in the known requirements for both the cation and SAP in the physiological function of pulmonary surfactant. PMID- 3475712 TI - Human fetal cerebellar and cortical tissue transplanted to the anterior eye chamber of athymic rats: electrophysiological and structural studies. AB - Human fetal tissue fragments from cortex cerebri and cerebellum were grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult athymic nude rats. The grafts were obtained from tissue fragments recovered after elective routine abortions, performed in weeks 8-11 of gestation. Both cerebellar and cortex cerebri grafts survived and developed in the anterior chamber of the eye for 1-4 months. The transplants slowly became vascularized from the host iris. The grafts developed blood vessels with laminin-immunoreactive walls and contained relatively high amounts of glial fibrillary acidic protein- and neurofilament-immunoreactivity in the neuropil after 4 months in oculo. Recordings of extracellular action potentials from the grafts revealed spontaneously active neurons with action potential waveforms similar to those observed in immature rodents. Morphologically, the grafts showed no signs of rejection. Clusters and bands of large neurons resembling Purkinje cells and dense aggregates of smaller granule like cells could be found in the cerebellar grafts. Large neurons were also seen in the cortex grafts. Taken together, these data suggest that the athymic rat may serve as a useful tool for studies of central nervous system tissue from otherwise immunologically incompatible species. PMID- 3475713 TI - Molecular cloning of a brain-specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. AB - A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaM-K) alpha-subunit cDNA has been cloned from rat brain. This enzyme is encoded by a 5.1-kilobase mRNA expressed exclusively in the brain. Hybridization histochemistry reveals that the CaM-K mRNA expression corresponds to the distribution of the immunoreactive alpha subunit protein, suggesting that the high enzyme levels in specific brain areas reflect regional differences in gene expression. The sequence of CaM-K alpha subunit cDNA indicates a 478-amino acid (54-kDa) protein with three functional domains. The domain organization suggests a structural model for calcium/calmodulin-dependent and independent states that might subserve short- and long-term responses to transient stimuli. PMID- 3475714 TI - Stable expression of transfected Torpedo acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits in mouse fibroblast L cells. AB - Torpedo californica electric organ cDNA libraries were constructed in lambda gt10 and lambda gt11. Four acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) subunit cDNA clones were isolated and shown to contain the entire coding region for each of the subunits. When in vitro synthesized AcChoR mRNA was microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, functional cell surface AcChoRs were expressed. A very simple and fast 22Na-uptake experiment was performed on batches of microinjected oocytes to identify oocytes that were expressing large quantities of functional cell surface AcChoRs for use in single-channel recordings. In addition to the transient expression system, DNA-mediated cotransformation is described, which is a method for stably introducing AcChoR cDNAs into the chromosomes of tissue culture cells. Because the AcChoR is composed of four different subunits, it is necessary to integrate four cDNAs into the chromosomes of the same cell before stable expression of a completely functional receptor complex can be established. We show that 80% of the cells that integrated the selectable marker gene into their chromosomes also integrated all four AcChoR cDNAs. When Torpedo alpha-subunit cDNA inserted into an appropriate expression vector was introduced into cells by transfection, alpha-subunit protein was synthesized that migrated on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels with the same molecular mass as native Torpedo alpha subunits and expressed antigenic determinants similar to those of native Torpedo alpha subunits. PMID- 3475715 TI - General anesthetics can competitively interfere with sensitive membrane proteins. AB - It is not known whether proteins or lipids are the primary target of anesthetic action. The resolution of this problem is hampered by the fact that it is not possible to investigate the biological activity of integral membrane proteins in the absence of lipids. However, certain characteristics of membrane protein function inhibition by anesthetics cannot be explained on the basis of an indirect inhibition by disturbance of the lipid bilayer and, therefore, most likely are the result of a direct anesthetic-protein interaction. This is the case (i) when the anesthetics competitively interfere with the binding of an endogenous ligand to the membrane protein and (ii) when the size of the anesthetic molecule is of importance for the potency and/or mechanism of inhibition. The present study shows that this is true for a membrane transport system, the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport in glial-type cells. PMID- 3475716 TI - Neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in Parkinson disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - In the brains of humans and other mammals, there are two principal groups of cholinergic nuclei aside from those forming the cranial motor nuclei. One group lies in the forebrain and includes the nucleus basalis of Meynert. The second group lies in the hindbrain and includes the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (NPP), identified by Mesulam et al. [Mesulam, M.-M., Mufson, E. J., Wainer, B. H. & Levey, A. I. (1983) Neuroscience 10, 1185-1201] as cholinergic cell group Ch5. The basal forebrain cholinergic cell groups, which innervate widespread areas of the neocortex, undergo degeneration in Alzheimer disease and also in parkinsonism associated with dementia. We here report that the hindbrain NPP Ch5 cell group, thought to innervate many nuclei of the extrapyramidal motor system, the superior colliculus, and the substantia innominata, undergoes degeneration in idiopathic Parkinson disease and in the parkinsonian syndrome of progressive supranuclear palsy. These findings strongly suggest that degeneration in the brainstem in Parkinson disease is not confined to catecholamine-containing neurons, but that cholinergic neurons of the NPP are also vulnerable. The findings further raise the possibility that certain symptoms of Parkinson disease and progressive supranuclear palsy have their genesis in pathology of these cholinergic neurons. PMID- 3475717 TI - Changes in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) structure during vertebrate neural development. AB - Changes in carbohydrate and polypeptide form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) have been documented during the development of central nervous system tissue in both chicken and frog. The carbohydrate variations reflect a high and low content of polysialic acid, and for the two vertebrates examined the expression of these forms is similar. At very early stages of neural development NCAM with a low content of polysialic acid is present, during histogenesis of the central nervous system NCAM with a high content of polysialic acid dominates, and there is a gradual return to NCAM with a low content of polysialic acid as the animals approach maturity. In contrast, the order of expression of the major NCAM polypeptide forms is different in the chicken and frog. These findings suggest that changes in sialic acid are a fundamental aspect of the function of NCAM in development, whereas NCAM polypeptide differences may affect events associated with a particular vertebrate. Studies have demonstrated that a decreased sialic acid content enhances the adhesion properties of NCAM. On this basis, we propose that NCAM with a low content of polysialic acid functions both to maintain integrity of neuroepithelium during morphogenesis of the early embryo and to stabilize differentiated structures in the adult, while the decreased adhesive function of NCAM with a high content of polysialic acid provides more plasticity in cell interactions during cell migration, axon outgrowth, and formation of neural circuits. PMID- 3475718 TI - Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis in patients of Dutch origin is related to Alzheimer disease. AB - Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis in Dutch patients is an autosomal dominant form of vascular amyloidosis restricted to the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex. Clinically the disease is characterized by cerebral hemorrhages leading to an early death. Immunohistochemical studies of five patients revealed that the vascular amyloid deposits reacted intensely with an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide homologous to the Alzheimer disease-related beta protein. Silver stain-positive, "senile plaque-like" structures were also labeled by the antiserum, yet these lesions lacked the dense amyloid cores present in typical plaques of Alzheimer disease. No neurofibrillary tangles were present. Amyloid fibrils were purified from the leptomeningeal vessels of one patient who clinically had no signs of dementia. The protein had a molecular weight of approximately equal to 4000 and its partial amino acid sequence to position 21 showed homology to the beta-protein of Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. These results suggest that hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Dutch origin is pathogenetically related to Alzheimer disease and support the concept that the initial amyloid deposition in this disorder occurs in the vessel walls before damaging the brain parenchyma. Thus, deposition of beta-protein in brain tissue seems to be related to a spectrum of diseases involving vascular syndromes, progressive dementia, or both. PMID- 3475719 TI - Cell specificity of vasopressin binding in renal collecting duct: computer enhanced imaging of a fluorescent hormone analog. AB - A noninvasive microscopic method was used to assess the cell specificity of vasopressin binding within the heterogeneous collecting duct. The binding of a fluorescent vasopressin analog (1-desamino-8-rhodamine-L-lysine vasopressin) to cells of the microperfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule was visualized and quantitated with image-intensified video microscopy and digital image processing. Binding to the basolateral membranes of a subpopulation of cells could be detected within 1-2 min of addition of the fluorescent analog (10 nM) to the peritubular bath. Binding could be prevented or reversed by the addition of a 10 fold excess of the native hormone, which indicates that the fluorescent analog binds specifically to vasopressin receptors. The time course of binding paralleled and slightly preceded hyperpolarization of the lumen-negative transepithelial voltage, an electrical response that is also elicited by the native hormone. Double-label experiments in which the intercalated cell population was stained with fluorescein-labeled peanut lectin revealed that binding of the vasopressin analog was localized to the remaining cell type, the principal cell. Our results support the following conclusions. First, the principal cell constitutes the primary target cell for vasopressin in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule, although the intercalated cell may possess a limited number of receptors at a density below the detection limit of this optical approach. Second, computer-enhanced video microscopy is a powerful, noninvasive method for assessing the kinetics and spatial pattern of hormone binding. PMID- 3475720 TI - Hydroxysteroids are physiological substrates of dehydrogenases for alicyclic alcohols and benzene dihydrodiol in rodent and rabbit liver cytosol. PMID- 3475721 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase polymorphism: association between phenotype frequencies and alcoholism. PMID- 3475722 TI - Dissociation and diurnal variation of prostaglandin E2 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 excretion in healthy females. AB - The existence of diurnal variation in renal function is well described. Prostaglandins are intimately involved with renal physiology, yet a diurnal variation in their excretion is not well documented. We collected 12 consecutive 2 hour urine specimens from 10 young healthy females and measured prostaglandin E2 [PGE2], thromboxane B2 [TXB2], and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1-alpha by radioimmunoassay for each specimen. We also measured urine volume, urine sodium, and urine creatinine levels. Regression analysis was used to determine the best sine curve for time versus each set of mean values. Only the urinary excretion of PGE2 and TXB2, as well as water were found to significantly fit the generated sine curves. The curves for PGE2 and TXB2 showed a temporal dissociation in their peak and trough values. The excretion of PGE2 between 0800 hours and 2000 hours was significantly higher than during the hours of 2000 and 0800. The opposite was true for the TXB2 excretion. This data suggests that these two prostaglandins and water are excreted in a sine wave pattern. It also suggests that the excretion of PGE2 and TXB2 may respond to different time associated stimuli. We also showed a significant correlation between PGE2 excretion and both the excretion of water and sodium. PMID- 3475723 TI - Influence of leukotriene C4 and D4 on in vitro and in vivo motility of the oviduct in the domestic hen. AB - In in vitro experiments on the oviduct of the domestic hen LTC4 and LTD4, in a dose range from 1.10(-10) to 1.10(-6) M/l, significantly stimulated the motility of all oviductal parts. With the lower doses, however, vaginal motility was suppressed (p less than 0.05). In in vivo experiments on the anesthetized bird i.v. bolus injections of LTC4, 1, 3, and 10 micrograms/hen, induced transient intrauterine pressure rises of up to 7 +/- 1 mm H2O. In the conscious animal i.v. bolus injections of LTD4, 10 micrograms/hen, resulted in a shortlasting increase in uterine myoelectrical activity (p less than 0.001), whereas vaginal and duodenal myoelectrical activities were inhibited. Intrauterine injections of 10 micrograms LTD4, however, had neither a significant effect on myoelectrical activity of the empty uterus nor induced premature oviposition. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that LTs exert pronounced effects on in vitro motility of the hens oviduct. The in vivo responses, however, are rather unimportant regarding as well strength as duration. PMID- 3475724 TI - Alteration of mercuric chloride-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in brown Norway rats by herring oil, evening primrose oil and OKY-046 a selective TXA synthetase inhibitor. AB - Repeated subcutaneous (SC) injections of mercuric chloride (MC) in Brown Norway (BN) rats induce an autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) due to antiglomerular basement membrane (BM) antibody deposition in the glomeruli. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on MC-induced autoimmune GN of OKY-046, a selective TXA-synthetase inhibitor herring oil (HO), which is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (5.6%) precursor of the three series of prostaglandins (PGs) and of (inactive) thromboxane (TXA3), and evening primrose oil (EPO), which is rich in linoleic acid (LA) (72%) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLNA) (9%), precursors of the one series of PGs, mainly PGE1, and of (inactive) TXA1. The administration of OKY-046 significantly inhibited proteinuria, partially prevented fibrin thrombi (FT) formation in the glomeruli, decreased urinary TXB, enhanced 6ketoPGF excretion and, increased survival rate of the animals from 60% (group receiving only MC) to 86%. However, OKY-046 did not prevent body weight (BW) loss or the development and deposition of IgG in the glomeruli. Increased intake of HO (80 days prior and throughout the experiment) and avoidance of arachidonic acid (AA) intake produced an effect comparable to that of OKY-046 in the rats. Furthermore, HO significantly inhibited the deposition of IgG in the glomeruli, increased the survival rate of the animals to 100% and further enhanced the increased urinary PGE excretion induced by MC. However, HO did not prevent BW loss in the animals. Increased intake of EPO and avoidance of AA intake produced an effect comparable to that of HO. Additionally, EPO completely prevented BW loss induced by MC in these animals. These findings suggest that the metabolites of AA, EPA and GLNA play an important role either in the development or in the modulation of this model of MC induced GN. PMID- 3475725 TI - Effect of indomethacin on the injection-abortion interval of 15(S) 15 methyl PGF2 alpha-induced mid-trimester abortions--a randomized study. AB - There have been conflicting reports on the effect of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs on the abortifacient effect of prostaglandins. The efficacy of intra-amniotic 1.5 mg 15(S) 15 methyl PGF2 alpha (15 me PGF2 alpha) in terminating mid-trimester pregnancy in 10 subjects has been compared with the effect of the same medication given to 10 others who had had indomethacin 25 mg and 50 mg orally three and one hour before the PG administration. In the subjects who had the PG analogue only the injection-abortion interval was 17.0 hours. This was significantly shorter (P less than 0.01) than in those who had also received indomethacin (25.4 hours). PMID- 3475726 TI - A comparison of the long-term effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary supplements and the action of indomethacin upon the mechanical performance and susceptibility of the rat heart to dysrhythmia. AB - The effect of different dietary lipid supplements on the contractility and susceptibility to isoprenaline-induced dysrhythmia in rat papillary muscles was examined after one year's prefeeding of either a low fat (4%, w/w) standard laboratory diet or those supplemented with additional (12%, w/w) saturated animal fatty acids (sheep perirenal fat; SF) or n-6 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA's) from sunflower seed oil (SSO) or tuna fish oil (FO) respectively. The positive inotropic response to Ca++ and the incidence of spontaneous tachyarrhythmias under isoprenaline load were significantly less in the muscles from SSO and FO fed animals compared to either mature REF or SF fed groups. Indomethacin reduced the response to Ca++ in both the REF and SF groups, but was without effect upon the muscles from SSO and FO groups. In addition this drug also significantly reduced isoprenaline-induced dysrhythmia in the muscles from REF and SF fed animals, but had no effect upon those from SSO and FO groups which were already less susceptible to dysrhythmia than the muscles from animals in the former two groups. These results indicate that "long-term" feeding of either n-3 or n-6 PUFA's can significantly reduce arrhythmogenesis in this species in vitro by mechanisms that may involve eicosanoid metabolism. PMID- 3475727 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on fetal lung 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase: possible mechanism for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus by maternal dexamethasone therapy. AB - Prenatal maternal glucocorticoid treatment has been reported to reduce the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in prematurely born infants. Patency of the ductus arteriosus is thought to be maintained primarily by the vasodilatory effect of PGE2 both in utero and in prematurely born infants, and lung is a major source of PGE2 in fetuses and neonates. 15-Hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) catalyzes the initial reaction in converting biologically active PGE2 to its inactive analogue, 15-keto-PGE2. In the present study, effect of prenatal dexamethasone treatment on the activity of fetal rat lung 15-PGDH was studied at 20, 21 and 22 days of gestation. Activity of fetal lung 15-PGDH more than doubled from 20 to 22 days of gestation. Dexamethasone treatment at 0.4 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg significantly increased the activity of 15-PGDH in both 20- and 21-day fetuses but had no effect on 22-day fetuses. We speculate that the clinical observation that prenatal glucocorticoid treatment reduces the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants may in part be due to the stimulatory effect of glucocorticoid on the activity of 15-PGDH in fetal and neonatal lung and possibly other organs. PMID- 3475728 TI - Mechanism of complement-mediated thromboxane production by the perfused rabbit liver: lack of effect of dantrolene sodium. AB - Activated components of the complement system have been shown to stimulate the arachidonic acid cascade. We have reported that hepatic thromboxane production in response to plasma activated with zymosan is self-limiting, not affected by nifedipine, but inhibited by mepacrine, a phospholipase inhibitor. To further study this relationship, we have tested the effects of dantrolene sodium, an agent reported to immobilize intracellular calcium. Control group livers were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer at a rate of 120 ml/min in a nonrecirculating perfusion system and administered 1 ml/min of normal rabbit plasma for 10 minutes. This group of livers demonstrated stable wet weight, perfusion pressure, and rates of release of lactic dehydrogenase, thromboxane B2, and prostacyclin over a 150 minute experimental period. In contrast, the administration of 1 ml/min of zymosan-activated plasma resulted in significant increases in the rate of thromboxane B2 release at 1, 3, and 5 minutes after the start of the infusion. The rate of thromboxane production then returned to baseline values. Neither prostacyclin nor lactic dehydrogenase release changed significantly after ZAP. A similar change in thromboxane production following ZAP administration was seen in livers being continually perfused with 10 microM dantrolene sodium. Perfusion pressure was significantly elevated in this group during the ZAP infusion period. These results confirm complement-mediated thromboxane production in the isolated rabbit liver model but do not describe a definitive role of dantrolene-sensitive intracellular calcium release in the mechanism of ZAP-mediated thromboxane production. PMID- 3475729 TI - Growth of an implanted fibrosarcoma in rats is associated with high levels of plasma prostaglandin-E2 and thromboxane-B2. AB - Growth of BN175, a malignant fibrosarcoma, was correlated with high plasma TXB2 and PGE2 levels. This statistically significant increase was first detected 17 days after inoculation of the tumor, at which time the tumors were 20 mms in diameter. A further increase in tumor size was associated with still higher PGE2 and TXB2 values. At the same time, progressive alterations in platelet function, as measured by ADP-induced platelet aggregation, were observed. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels remained normal throughout the whole experiment. It was concluded that tumor growth was associated with changes in PG synthesis and platelet function, although it remains unclear whether these changes were caused by some host immunological response towards the tumor or were predominantly the result of tumor PG-synthesis. PMID- 3475730 TI - Inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis in rats treated with phenobarbital. AB - The effect of phenobarbital administration on serum lipoproteins and thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets was studied in rats. Phenobarbital decreased the serum LDL level by 33% and increased the HDL level by more than 15%. The synthesis of thromboxane A2 in the platelets of the phenobarbital treated animals was found to be reduced by 43%. Thromboxane A2 synthesis in the platelets of the control animals was inhibited by HDL and stimulated by LDL. Hence it appears that the decreased thromboxane A2 synthesis in the platelets of phenobarbital treated rats was at least partly due to the increased HDL and decreased LDL in the serum. Phenobarbital treatment also caused a 15% increase in the serum HDL-cholesterol although it did not have any significant effect on the total serum cholesterol. PMID- 3475731 TI - Prostaglandin associated mortality following intravenous injection of catfish epidermal secretions in rabbits. AB - Toxicity of soluble protein extracts from epidermal gel secretions of the catfish, Arius thalassinus, was examined in rabbits. Intravenous injections containing doses as low as 2 mg protein/kg body weight caused mortality in all animals tested. An increase in plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and of 6 keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha) were observed following injections. Both the mortality and prostaglandin release were prevented by pretreatment of rabbits with either indomethacin or hydrocortisone. A similar indomethacin sensitive induction of prostaglandin release was noted following the in vitro treatment of arterial tissue sections with gel. Lethality appears to result from gel substances stimulating phospholipase activity to yield arachidonic acid, which is then metabolized to give toxic levels of prostaglandins. PMID- 3475732 TI - Effect of probenecid on rat brain phenolsulfotransferase activity using dopamine as substrate. AB - Dopamine sulfate (DAS) is formed by the action of phenolsulfotransferase (PST) on dopamine (DA). Since probenecid is often used to investigate the transport of monoamine acidic metabolites such as DAS from the brain, we investigated the effect of probenecid on rat brain PST activity utilizing DA as substrate. In the presence of 30 or 90 microM DA, probenecid had either no effect or a dose-related inhibitory effect on PST activity. PST activity increased at low probenecid concentrations, but decreased at high probenecid concentrations when 360 microM DA was utilized. Several conditions were found where PST activity was not affected by probenecid. PMID- 3475733 TI - [Comparison of 3 prevention programs using fluorides]. PMID- 3475734 TI - [Place value of congruence orthopantomography in dentistry and jaw surgery]. PMID- 3475735 TI - [Clinical and experimental animal studies of autotransplantation of tooth germs (III)]. PMID- 3475736 TI - [Experiences in the treatment of aphthous and herpetic oral mucosal diseases using a new infrared laser]. PMID- 3475737 TI - [Unsuitable alloys]. PMID- 3475738 TI - [Coulter counter model S Plus IV-D: new possibilities in hematologic diagnosis]. AB - The following study concerns the evaluation of the diagnostic applications of a new counter which represents graphically the various hematic cellular populations according to their volumetric dimensions. A series of hematic samples taken from subjects of known pathology have been examined and then compared with others samples taken from subjects in an apparent healthy state, in order to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the apparatus. The results obtained confirm that a diagnostic survey of this kind has screening value, therefore reserving other exams such as the execution of the leukocytic formula for selected cases. PMID- 3475740 TI - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. Minutes of Meeting, September 29, 1986. PMID- 3475739 TI - Effects of low level radiation upon the hematopoietic stem cell: implications for leukemogenesis. AB - These studies have addressed firstly the effect of single small doses of x-rays upon murine hematopoietic stem cells to obtain a better estimate of the Dq. It is small, of the order of 20 rad. Secondly, a dose fractionation schedule that does not kill or perturb the kinetics of hemopoietic cell proliferation was sought in order to investigate the leukemogenic potential of low level radiation upon an unperturbed hemopoietic system. Doses used by others in past radiation leukemogenesis studies clearly perturb hemopoiesis and kill a detectable fraction of stem cells. The studies reported herein show that 1.25 rad every day decrease the CFU-S content of bone marrow by the time 80 rads are accumulated. Higher daily doses as used in published studies on radiation leukemogenesis produce greater effects. Studies on the effect of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 rad 3 times per week are under way. Two rad 3 times per week produced a modest decrease in CFU-S content of bone marrow after an accumulation of 68 rad. With 3.0 rad 3 times per week an accumulation of 102 rad produced a significant decrease in CFU-S content of bone marrow. Dose fractionation at 0.5 and 1.0 rad 3 times per week has not produced a CFU-S depression after accumulation of 17 and 34 rad. Radiation leukemogenesis studies published to date have utilized single doses and chronic exposure schedules that probably have significantly perturbed the kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells. Whether radiation will produce leukemia in animal models with dose schedules that do not perturb kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells remains to be seen. PMID- 3475741 TI - [The construction of a model of the lung for the functional analysis of respirators]. PMID- 3475742 TI - [Prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease]. PMID- 3475743 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia and haemorrhage in acute African swine fever. AB - Changes in the production of proaggregatory (thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2) and antiaggregatory (prostacyclin) prostaglandins by blood platelets, macrophages and endothelial cells during acute African swine fever caused by both a highly virulent virus and a less virulent virus were studied. No impairment in thromboxane A2 release by either platelets or macrophages could be detected but prostacyclin production by the endothelium was impaired. There was also a significant increase in prostaglandin E2 release by macrophages at the time when thrombocytopenia was most marked. However, the early event that causes primary aggregation remains obscure. PMID- 3475744 TI - [Loaiasis and its therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 3475745 TI - [Contact lenses for the correction of ametropia: indications, adaptation, complications of wearing lenses]. PMID- 3475746 TI - [The tongue as an indicator of disease]. PMID- 3475747 TI - [Orientation during initial employment]. PMID- 3475748 TI - [Unerupted upper canines]. PMID- 3475749 TI - [Orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3475750 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis--a case report]. PMID- 3475751 TI - [Coprolalic behavior in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Form and functional aspects]. AB - Coprolalia as described by Gilles de la Tourette can take two forms: it either turns around a specific theme and serves as a specific and uniform commentary on the discourse of the patient or of others, or on the patient's situation; it may also take the form of seemingly arbitrary "scatalogical punctuations" the semiotic function of which is not evident. It seems clear that coprolalia is involuntary. The limbic lobe may be involved in episodic scatalogical productions; this structure, as observed by Yakovlev, plays a role in "emotive motility" which is essentially centripetal and automatic. The involvement of the limbic lobe would not explain, however, why such verbal behavior is not censored by internal control mechanisms. PMID- 3475752 TI - [Conceptual dental ergonomics. Ecosystem]. PMID- 3475753 TI - [Extraction of fractured instruments at the level of the apical 1/3 and beyond]. PMID- 3475755 TI - Rhode Island high school athletic injuries 1985-86. PMID- 3475754 TI - The benefits and risks of physical exercise. PMID- 3475756 TI - Anatomical considerations in the aetiology of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles. AB - Aetiological factors in the formation of fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles are examined in 80 patients. The degree and duration of obstruction and the absence of alternative drainage routes are important in the development of this condition but to investigate the mechanism of bone resorption and mucocele expansion, PGE2 levels have been measured in the mucosa from mucoceles and normal frontal sinuses. Significantly greater levels of PGE2 were demonstrated in the mucocele mucosa. Whilst aetiological factors can be defined in 71%, the largest single group has no known cause and it is likely that they represent a vulnerable population in whom there is a degree of intrinsic narrowing and tortuosity of the fronto-nasal duct with total obstruction produced by minor sub-clinical inflammatory changes. PMID- 3475757 TI - Lipid changes associated with erythroid differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Friend erythroleukemia cells were induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hexamethylene-bis-acetamide (HBMA) in order to investigate whether their lipid characteristics, common to other systems of transformed cells, revert to a normal differentiation pattern. DBA/2 mouse erythrocytes were examined as a model of terminal differentiation in erythroid lineage. Variants of erythroleukemia cells not inducible to erythroid differentiation by DMSO and HMBA were also used in this study, in order to test whether lipid modifications occurring in differentiated erythroleukemia cells were related to the differentiation process or caused by specific effects of the inducers. Friend erythroleukemia cells showed the same lipid characteristics as those found in other transformed cell types. That is, a high level of ether-linked lipids and low percentages of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids along with an accumulation of monoenoic fatty acids in phospholipids. These lipid characteristics remained unchanged when erythroleukemia cells were induced to differentiation by either DMSO or HMBA. However, other lipid components of erythroleukemia cells, e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides, were affected by erythroid differentiation. There were also changes of some lipid components of erythroleukemia cells, such as cholesteryl esters, which were related to specific effects of the inducers. Both DMSO- and HMBA-resistant variants differed from the inducible erythroleukemia cells, mainly in their ether linked phospholipid pattern. PMID- 3475758 TI - Effect of 4-hydroxynonenal on c-myc expression. AB - The 4-hydroxynonenal aldehyde (HNE), a product of lipid peroxidation with high biological activity, inhibits cancerous growths in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism by which this aldehyde acts is not yet understood. The c-myc oncogene seems to be involved in the regulation of cellular multiplication and transformation. We evaluated the c-myc expression and the RNA, DNA and protein synthesis in K562 cells. These cells were incubated for 1 hour in presence of several aldehyde concentrations (range 5.10(-7) to 10(-4)), then washed and kept for 20 hours in a growth medium until used. HNE inhibited both the nucleic acids and protein synthesis in a dose dependent manner, and c-myc expression was evaluated in the K562 cells after incubation with 10(-4) M or 10(-6) M HNE. HNE inhibited c-myc expression only at the highest dose. These preliminary results may suggest that the inhibition of c-myc expression is related to nucleic acid synthesis inhibition following HNE exposure. PMID- 3475760 TI - [Taste. Its physiology and anatomo-physiology. The clinical value of electrogustometry. 2]. PMID- 3475759 TI - [Neuropathy of the chin as an early sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia simulating lupus]. PMID- 3475761 TI - [Oromandibular and limb malformation syndromes. Reflections on hypoglossia hypodactyly]. AB - Oromandibular and limb syndromes present particular types of orofacial lesions. Six personal cases and about one hundred cases reported in the literature are reviewed using Hall's classification. Etiopathogenic mechanisms are being increasingly related to fetal epigenetic and environmental factors. PMID- 3475762 TI - [Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome. Therapeutic case review]. AB - The Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome, or anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, presents three principal signs: anhidrosis or hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and anodontia or hypodontia. This syndrome is of particular interest to stomatologists and orthodontists because of the particular therapeutic problems raised by the anodontia and associated skeletal anomalies. A case is reported in which the principal clinical sign was anodontia, and the various therapeutic options currently available are discussed. PMID- 3475763 TI - [Surgical treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions by Myrhaug's technic. Apropos 60 interventions]. AB - The treatment of the chronic diseases of the temporomandibular joint is always difficult. At one moment or another, surgical treatment is discussed, proposed and performed. Many operations have been described to make the temporo-mandibular joint recovering its normal movements. Both joints are involved in those movements, because the joint is symmetrical. Myrhaug's technique, described in 1951, consists in the resection of all the temporal condyle. This technique which respects the meniscus and all the chondro-fibrous system of the joint creates a permanent and reducible chronic dislocation of the joint. This paper is made to show that under an experience of more than 60 operations the authors can give all the details they use, with some modifications of the original Myrhaug's technique. The authors give their own results over 60 operations: there are more than 70% of good or excellent results, without any complication. For all the cases they have operated and they present, the follow-up is more than one year and some times more than ten years. They have not seen any late complication and the results have not been modified after all that time. The main indication of this technique is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome which affects more the female population. This syndrome is made of an association of pain, cracking, abnormal movements and subdislocations, but pain is only one of the symptoms. The same operation is very efficient to treat chronic subdislocations affecting one or both joints. This Myrhaug's technique operation is very simple without any complication in the post-operative days and give very good results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475764 TI - [Lateral cysts and fistulae of the neck. Apropos 70 cases]. AB - Anomalies of branchial origin, amygdaloid cysts and fistulae of 1st, 2nd and 3rd slits are not rare cervical affections. Their histology is characteristic: cylindrical epithelium for fistulae and malpighian epithelium with lymphoid masses for cysts. Excision must be completed by an approach route that is sufficiently wide to avoid recurrence and vascular-neural lesions of the neck. PMID- 3475766 TI - Mucosal defence in ulcer disease. Proceedings of the Sucralfate Symposium. Copenhagen, 14-15 March 1986. PMID- 3475765 TI - [Odontogenic adenomatoid tumor. Apropos of 2 cases in Dakar]. AB - Two cases of large adenomatoid odontogenic tumor seen recently in Senegal are thought to be the first cases of this type reported in West Africa. One patient was a 25 year old woman and the other an 11 year old boy, the clinical history and lesions being identical in both cases. Simple enucleation appeared to be the treatment of choice in view of the constantly reported benign nature of these tumors. It is difficult, or almost impossible however, to differentiate this tumor from dentigerous cyst on radiology, justifying routine minute pathologic examination of all operated paradental cysts. PMID- 3475767 TI - Oesophageal reflux disease. Diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment with special reference to the role of sucralfate. AB - The direct cause of oesophageal reflux disease is readily apparent, as oesophageal reflux of gastric contents has a deleterious effect on the oesophageal mucosa. Reflux is a direct result of a multiplicity of aetiological factors which interact in many ways. The symptoms of the disorder can masquerade as other conditions such as cardiovascular, respiratory and abdominal problems. The diagnosis is suggested from the symptoms and confirmed by endoscopy with biopsy. Among additional diagnostic test, oesophageal pH monitoring using a portable system is a simple procedure providing qualitative and quantitative information appropriate for clinical practice. A critical review of drug therapy shows that antacids and alginate acid have no greater value than a placebo. The effects of H2-receptor antagonists are under investigation, but the results are conflicting. Ranitidine seems to have some advantages over cimetidine. Antepsin, a new cytoprotective principle for treating ulcerative inflammations in the upper digestive tract, provides an interesting alternative for the treatment of gastro oesophageal reflux disease, and the properties of Antepsin granulate seem especially appropriate for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. During longitudinal treatment of three months provides at least partial restoration of the motor function of the distal oesophagus. PMID- 3475768 TI - Effect of sucralfate on the normal human gastric mucosa. Endoscopic, histologic, and ultrastructural assessment. AB - Twelve healthy volunteers were given a single sucralfate tablet (1 gm) orally. For 60 min after ingestion they were examined endoscopically for the localization and disintegration of the tablet in the stomach, and biopsies were taken to determine the effect of sucralfate on the histology and ultrastructure of the normal gastric mucosa. After ingestion, the sucralfate tablet had disintegrated and firmly adhered to a relatively small mucosal area of the greater curvature covering 5 +/- 2 and 7 +/- 2 cm2 at 15 and 30 minutes, and 9 +/- 3 cm2 at 60 minutes after drug ingestion. Histologic and ultrastructural examination of the mucosa in direct contact with sucralfate revealed distinct changes in the surface epithelial cells: mucus release, vacuolization, and exfoliation of some of the cells. Endoscopy offers a unique opportunity for the study of gastroduodenal effects and disposition of orally administered drugs. PMID- 3475769 TI - Considerations for peptic ulcer trials. AB - A drug trial concerned with peptic ulcer treatment has to be carefully planned to make possible a valid conclusion. Calculations of the number of patients required have to be made early. This depends upon factors such as: if the comparison is to be made between two active drugs or an active drug and a placebo, if the aim is to show that two treatments are almost equal or if a certain difference is expected, the number of groups to be compared, and if intermediate checks are to be made. Thus, from a few dozen patients up to several thousand may be needed. If a multicenter dosing is adopted, which is often necessary, the minimum number of patients required from each centre should be specified and a good reporting system has to be created. When presenting the results, it is preferable to calculate a confidence interval for the difference between the treatments- especially in small studies where the risk is false conclusions would otherwise be large. PMID- 3475770 TI - Ulcer recurrences following initial ulcer healing with sucralfate or cimetidine. AB - Ulcer relapses after short-term treatment of duodenal, prepyloric and gastric ulcers with Cimetidine 400 mg b.d. or Sucralfate 1 g q.i.d. were studied in 270 patients over one year. Endoscopic examinations were carried out 2-4 and 9-11 months after ulcer healing or when symptoms occurred. Ulcer relapses were found in 59% of the Cimetidine-treated patients and 51% of those treated with Sucralfate, and a further 21% and 16% respectively had endoscopically verified erosive gastroduodenitis. The cumulative recurrence rate in smokers was 82% and that in non-smokers 51% (p less than 0.001). Relapses among the Cimetidine patients occurred more often in those who smoked or had irregular working hours. The onset of the relapse was not related ulcer healing time. The ulcer relapses appeared in the same region as the initial ulcer in 88% of cases and exactly at the original site in 33%. These results suggest that cytoprotection by Sucralfate did not result in fewer or later relapses than acid reduction by Cimetidine. Cigarette smoking obviously increases the risk of relapse in patients with healed peptic ulcers. PMID- 3475771 TI - Sucralfate in gastritis. AB - Gastritis has a wide spectre of definition modalities. Most previous studies have compared symptomatology with histologic gastritis with negative results. We believe that this may be due to inadequate definition criteria and emphasize this point by comparing gastroesophageal reflux with duodenogastric reflux. A prospective randomized trial has been conducted for half a year comparing Sucralfate with a placebo in patients with symptomatological and macroscopical gastritis. Although approximately one hundred patients met the endoscopic criteria, the vast majority could not be included due to well-defined interfering diseases, and thus the material is still too sparse to give any indication of the influence of Sucralfate on endoscopic gastritis, although the preliminary overall results seem promising. PMID- 3475772 TI - The unstimulated duodenal pressure activity in health humans. PMID- 3475773 TI - Concepts and controversy in gastroenterology. Proceedings from a satellite symposium. Sao Paulo, Brazil, 10 September 1986. PMID- 3475774 TI - Gastric cancer. Importance of surgical staging, tumour pathology, and quality of life. PMID- 3475775 TI - Characterization of specific immune complexes in HIV-related disorders. AB - Eighty-seven seropositive subjects with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection together with 20 normal controls with no history of any illness were investigated for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the conglutinin binding assay (KgBA) and further studied for isotype characterization of CIC. Six out of 87 patients showing very high values for immune complexes (CIC) were studied for the presence of free antigen. In 3 out of 6 (1, IVc1; 1, III; 1, IVa) we could detect by ultracentrifugation analysis the presence of specific HIV (p15) anti-HIV (anti-p15) and gp41-anti-gp41 CIC. Evidence in favour of this finding is supported by: the presence of specific CIC (p15-anti-p15 or gp41-anti-gp41) seen only at pH 7.2; the apparent presence of free antigen and specific HIV antibodies were only at pH 4.0. The relevance of this finding lies in the attempt to explain the occurrence of false seronegativity seen occasionally in symptomatic patients. Thus, the presence of CIC might perhaps interfere in the routine assay (i.e. ELISA) making the diagnosis difficult. All these considerations will have to be taken into account in the future handling of this disease. PMID- 3475776 TI - Antibody to HIV in patients with acute hepatitis B in the period 1975-1984. AB - In order to elucidate the time when HIV was introduced into a population of patients with acute hepatitis B, serum samples collected in the period 1975-1984 from 331 patients with hepatitis B were analysed for the presence of antibody to HIV (anti-HIV). Anti-HIV was not detected in any of the serum samples from 97 females. 5/234 serum samples from males (2%) were repeatedly positive. Anti-HIV was first demonstrated in 1978, 3 years before the first patients with AIDS were recognized in Denmark. None of the 4 Danish patients with anti-HIV developed AIDS during a follow-up period of 1-7 years. However, at the time of follow-up in 1985 3 had decreased cell mediated immunity. The hepatitis B infection had an uncomplicated course in 4/5 patients with anti-HIV. One patient had a protracted delta hepatitis and was a HBsAg carrier before as well as after the acute hepatitis. Thus, the HIV infection did not cause any complicated course in this study. PMID- 3475777 TI - The introduction of HIV during 1979-80 in a sexually active homosexual population of Stockholm. AB - Serological tests for hepatitis A (HA) and B (HB), syphilis and HIV were performed on blood samples from 3 groups of homosexual men: 220 and 124 asymptomatic men being investigated in 1978 and 1980 respectively and another 98 men suffering from HA during the winter 1979-80. The two asymptomatic groups revealed similar test results with respect to HA, HB and syphilis: about 25% had markers for HA, 50% for HB and 10-16% for syphilis. The 1979-80 HA group had a comparatively high frequency of markers for HB (64%) and for syphilis (34%), indicating that these men were sexually highly active. While all of the men in the 1978 test group were free from HIV antibodies, 2% of the 1980 and 6% of the 1979-80 group had antibodies to the virus. The results indicate that HIV was introduced to the gay population of Stockholm during 1979-80. PMID- 3475778 TI - Primary infection with HIV in a severely immunosuppressed patient with acute leukemia. AB - A 47-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia received HIV positive platelets during induction chemotherapy. 18 days later, coincident with the recovery of the bone marrow function, she developed an erythematous rash, mild lymphadenopathy, and nausea which disappeared within 10 days. A week later mild CSF pleocytosis consisting of mature lymphocytes and macrophages together with elevated CSF protein levels (1,080 mg/l) were observed suggesting mild aseptic meningitis, and the HIV was concomitantly isolated from CSF. The CSF abnormalities have improved and the patient is well and in remission after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. This case expands the clinical spectrum of HIV infection to include a primary syndrome during immunosuppression from an unrelated cause. PMID- 3475779 TI - Primary health care: co-operation between health and welfare personnel. An International Study. PMID- 3475780 TI - [Late complications of thorotrast. Experiences from Zurich]. AB - 57 cases of late sequelae after diagnostic thorotrast exposure (recorded between 1944 and 1982 in Zurich) are presented. The alpha-ray-emitting contrast medium thorotrast is carcinogenic and fibrogenic. Malignant tumors occurred in about half of our cases after a latency period of 14 to 44 years, comprising 8 primary liver carcinomas, 2 carcinomas of the bile ducts, 3 malignant hemangioendotheliomas of the liver, 10 renal pelvic carcinomas and sarcomas, and one acute myelogenous leukemia. Further, cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver and paravascular "thorotrastoma" were observed. The late effects of thorotrast are a negative example of avoidable radiation injuries to man. PMID- 3475781 TI - Early human dental plaque formation in individuals with a history of longstanding or recently achieved gingival health. PMID- 3475782 TI - [Efficiency of root canal preparation with ultrasound using various irrigants]. PMID- 3475783 TI - [Vestibuloplasty with free mucosal grafts in implants in the edentulous mandible. Surgical method and preliminary results]. PMID- 3475784 TI - [Change in the thinking and behavior of the dentist. A look back at 28 years' activity at the Basel Public Dental Clinic]. PMID- 3475785 TI - [Orthodontics]. PMID- 3475786 TI - Alcoholic cirrhosis and hemochromatosis: two case reports and review of the literature. PMID- 3475787 TI - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. PMID- 3475789 TI - Blastic transformation in a case of essential thrombocythemia. AB - After five years of stable disease, a 58-year-old man with essential thrombocythemia had an acute terminal illness, characterized by severe pancytopenia, micromegakaryoblasts in the peripheral blood, and bone marrow replacement by extensive fibrosis, blasts, and numerous atypical megakaryocytes. The patient died of bronchopneumonia. Autopsy showed extramedullary hemopoiesis in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. These features are characteristic of both acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and acute myelofibrosis, and implicate involvement of the megakaryocytes in the pathogenesis of acute myelofibrosis. PMID- 3475788 TI - Case report 425: Chondroblastic osteosarcoma: clear-cell variant of femur. PMID- 3475790 TI - Suprahyoid biomechanics and head posture. An electromyographic, videofluorographic and dynamographic study of hyo-mandibular function in man. AB - Suprahyoid and masseter muscle function was studied in 49 adult males with normal dentofacial morphology and normal soft tissue profiles, with special reference to head posture. The different parameters were investigated by EMG during chewing, by EMG synchronized to an opening force dynamograph during static and dynamic conditions, and by EMG synchronized to videofluorography during the open-close clench cycle. Cephalometry was applied to evaluate the videofluorographic images of the hyo-mandibular complex. The EMG amplitude for the entire group did not vary significantly between different test occasions with an interval of 5-24 hours. The individual variation was large, however. Repeated EMG registrations within such time intervals should therefore be reliable for groups of individuals. Hook electrodes gave about 10% higher maximal EMG compared to surface electrodes. Registrations with the two types of electrodes could therefore not be directly compared. An increased interelectrode distance resulted in larger EMG amplitudes. The interelectrode distance should therefore be standardized. Head posture influenced the EMG amplitude and should therefore also be standardized. The electrical activity in suprahyoid muscle contraction preceded the mechanical activity. During opening, a time- lag of approximately 200 msec was found between the peak EMG activity of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the maximal opening force. A direct correlation existed between the IEMG activity of the digastric muscle and force during static (r = 0.89) and dynamic (r = 0.72) conditions. The maximal recorded force of the opening muscles of the mandible was found to be 70 N. No absolute reciprocity existed between opening and closing EMG activity. During chewing, suprahyoid maximal IEMG activity was less than one-third of that from the masseter. Maximal IEMG activity was reduced for the masseter during forward flexion, and for the suprahyoid muscle group during backward extension. Head posture is an important factor in EMG registrations of opening and closing muscle function during chewing. During upright head posture, the hyoid bone exhibited on average an elliptical movement pattern and reached its most elevated position at the start of opening and its most depressed position at the start of closing. A small movement before opening an upward and forward direction and before closing in a further downward and backward direction was found. Suprahyoid EMG activity was registered before start of opening, during opening and during the first half of the open phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3475791 TI - [Genetic technology's economic significance in numbers]. PMID- 3475792 TI - [Laymen safeguard effects of gene technology]. PMID- 3475793 TI - [Dental pain: etiology, symptomology and diagnosis]. PMID- 3475794 TI - [Periodontal pain]. PMID- 3475796 TI - [Pain in the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3475795 TI - [Bone and periosteal pain]. PMID- 3475798 TI - [Sinus pain]. PMID- 3475799 TI - [Postoperative pain]. PMID- 3475797 TI - [Pain in the temporomandibular joint and the masticatory muscles]. PMID- 3475801 TI - Chickenpox with oral manifestations in an AIDS patient. PMID- 3475800 TI - [Oral manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIII]. PMID- 3475802 TI - [The elderly population in Denmark--status and future perspectives]. PMID- 3475803 TI - [Caries in the elderly: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3475804 TI - [Periodontitis in the elderly--diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3475806 TI - [Geriatric pharmacology]. PMID- 3475805 TI - [Oral mucosal diseases in the elderly--diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3475807 TI - [Elderly dental care in social perspective]. PMID- 3475808 TI - [The costs of nursing home dental health care. An epidemiologic survey of dental care habits, dental status and dental treatment needs in residents of nursing homes in the Tarnby community]. PMID- 3475809 TI - [Serologic studies of Danish dentists with regard to the occurrence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. PMID- 3475810 TI - [The Pitea project. 2]. PMID- 3475811 TI - [Organized dental care for adults--a joint project between the public dental health care system and private practice dentists in Vasterbotten]. PMID- 3475812 TI - [Computerized image analysis in basic research and clinical application]. PMID- 3475813 TI - [Clinical photography in modern dentistry]. PMID- 3475814 TI - [Lichenoid tissue transformation with epithelial dysplasia--case presentation]. PMID- 3475815 TI - [Composites in Class I and II cavities]. PMID- 3475816 TI - [Light-cured composites. Use protective glasses!]. PMID- 3475817 TI - [The significance of curing lamps in composite therapy]. PMID- 3475818 TI - [Regional isolation perfusion with cisplatinum in dogs with osteosarcoma of an extremity]. AB - In the treatment of osteosarcoma, it is possible to differentiate between systemic therapy and local regional treatment. Systemic treatment of human patients with osteosarcomas consists in adjuvant chemotherapy. This has considerably improved the prognosis in these cases. The primary object in local regional treatment is to prevent local recurrences and to preserve function. As regards extremities, the aim is to preserve the limbs. In the present investigations, the value of regional chemotherapy by isolated regional perfusion with cis-platinum to dogs is studied. This approach was based on the hypothesis that considerable necrosis of tumours may be produced after perfusion with cis platinum, thus making extremity-saving surgery possible. Isolated regional perfusion with cis-platinum (30 mg/litre of extremity volume) was performed in nine dogs with osteosarcomas of an extremity. A marked effect on the tumour was detectable on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological parameters. In the opinion of the present authors, regional perfusion with cis-platinum may contribute to extremity-saving treatment of osteosarcomas in dogs and human subjects. However, further studies will be required in order to achieve more adequate quantitation an improvement of local effects. In view of the synergy with cis-platinum, the latter may possibly be attained by the addition of hyperthermia (temperatures above 41.5 degrees C). PMID- 3475819 TI - Alloimmunization following platelet transfusions in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Lymphocytotoxic (LCT) antibodies were measured in 20 adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who received remission induction chemotherapy and multiple platelet transfusions. Nine (45%) became LCT positive and refractory to the platelet transfusions. This frequency of alloimmunization in ANLL patients was significantly lower than that in aplastic anemia patients (p less than 0.05). In one male with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the LCT antibody disappeared during intensive chemotherapy and recovery of transfused platelets improved remarkably. The incidence of alloimmunization in the patients with APL appeared to be especially low. Six out of 9 LCT positive patients with ANLL became alloimmunized with less than 10 units of platelet transfusions. Three out of 11 LCT negative patients never became alloimmunized with more than 100 units. These facts indicated that there was no relationship between the number of platelet transfusions given and the development of alloimmunization. In addition, the remission rate also did not correlate with the development of alloimmunization. PMID- 3475820 TI - [Bone tissue chemiluminescence during a variable course of fracture consolidation]. PMID- 3475821 TI - [Structural manifestations of the cellular protective reactions of human dental pulp in periodontitis]. PMID- 3475822 TI - [Crystallographic method of studying the saliva in inflammatory odontogenic jaw diseases]. PMID- 3475823 TI - [Characteristics of the course of periodontal diseases in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3475824 TI - [Indices of microcirculatory hemostasis in periodontal disease]. PMID- 3475825 TI - [Microlocalization of caries on the masticatory surfaces of the molars]. PMID- 3475826 TI - [Use of catamine AB for treating gingivitis]. PMID- 3475827 TI - [Use of lysozyme electrophoresis for treating chronic forms of periodontitis]. PMID- 3475828 TI - [Indices of the phagocytic activity of the blood neutrophils in relation to the nature of the clinicaL course of odontogenic phlegmons]. PMID- 3475829 TI - [Clinico-physiological characteristics of fenazepam premedication in ambulatory dental surgery]. PMID- 3475830 TI - [Means of decreasing complications in patients with severe inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3475831 TI - [Electroroentgenosialography in the diagnosis of diseases of the major salivary glands]. PMID- 3475832 TI - [Electrometric diagnosis of the marginal penetrability of fillings and secondary caries]. PMID- 3475833 TI - [Treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint pathology developing in lepromatous leprosy]. PMID- 3475834 TI - [Clinical picture and surgical procedure in Bacteroides infections of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3475835 TI - [The postural compression syndrome in dental patients]. PMID- 3475836 TI - [Combined intravenous anesthesia with sombrevin in multiple tooth extraction]. PMID- 3475837 TI - [The placental allograft--a stimulant of mandibular bone regeneration]. PMID- 3475838 TI - [Use of bone meal for treating pulpitis]. PMID- 3475839 TI - [Use of the CO2 laser beam in shaping a Filatov pedicle]. PMID- 3475840 TI - [Clinical laboratory evaluation of the use of the MD-73M ultraviolet irradiator for the extracorporeal treatment of the patient's own blood in oral surgery]. PMID- 3475841 TI - [Prevention and treatment of suppurative complications occurring in severe combined maxillofacial injury]. PMID- 3475843 TI - [Measurements of the linear parameters in prosthodontics]. PMID- 3475842 TI - [The type of heredity and an assessment of the repeated risk of developing open bite]. PMID- 3475844 TI - [Strength properties of polymer base materials]. PMID- 3475846 TI - [Experience in the work of a medical genetics counseling service using dental profiles]. PMID- 3475845 TI - [Calcium and phosphorus content of the teeth, blood and saliva and enamel and dentin microhardness in workers in phosphorus plants]. PMID- 3475847 TI - [Oral hygiene status and rate of secretion, viscosity and resistance to protein sedimentation of the oral fluid of children with diffuse connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3475848 TI - [Systems approach to the diagnosis, combined treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3475849 TI - [Rendering care to dental patients with heart and vascular failure]. PMID- 3475850 TI - [Problems in shaping the character of the social role of the dentist]. PMID- 3475851 TI - [Stimulation of the training of dental students]. PMID- 3475853 TI - [Organizational problems in the treatment and rehabilitation of children with diseases of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3475852 TI - [Effect of innervation disorders on the activity of bone alkaline and acid phosphatases in mandibular regeneration after a fracture]. PMID- 3475854 TI - 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human placental microsomes and mitochondria: co-solubilization of androstene and pregnene activities. AB - 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) was solubilized from human term placental microsomes and mitochondria using the non-ionic detergent, polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether (BrijR-58). Electron photomicrographs showed microsomes and mitochondria well disrupted by the detergent. The pregnene (C-21) and androstene (C-19) activities co-solubilized over a range (0.04-0.44) of BrijR 58/protein (B/P) concentration ratios (w/w). Optimal solubilization of the C-19 and C-21 activities were 63.3 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SEM) from mitochondria (B/P ratio 0.37) and 71.8 +/- 2.1% from microsomes (B/P ratio 0.34). Detergent treatment of microsomes and mitochondria--varying time (5-90 min, pH 7.4) or varying pH (6.0-7.8, 90 min)--yielded C-19 activities identical with C-21 activities. The C-21/C-19 specific activity ratios of 3 beta-HSD in particulate, solubilized and chromatographed preparations were 2.28 +/- 0.16 (mean +/- SEM) for mitochondria and 1.97 +/- 0.07 for microsomes. 3 beta-HSD molecular weight estimates were 208,000 (microsomes) and 220,000 (mitochondria). These studies argue that a single protein is responsible for both the C-19 and C-21 activities of 3 beta-HSD and that this protein is the same in microsomes and mitochondria. PMID- 3475855 TI - [Disorder of cerebral circulation in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia presenting as otogenic abscess of the brain]. PMID- 3475856 TI - Isolation and characterization of attenuated mutants of vaccinia virus. AB - Attenuated variants of vaccinia virus with two specific and stable genetic markers were obtained after long-term passage of persistently infected Friend erythroleukemia (FEL) cells. The genetic markers were an 8-MDa deletion on the left HindIII-C terminus of the viral genome and sequence alterations localized in the middle of the HindIII-A DNA fragment. This latter genetic marker led to small plaque size phenotype of these variants. The mode of replication of these variants in tissue culture cells and their virulence in mice were analyzed. In cultured cells, these variants have greatly reduced virus yields in cell lines of different origins. These variants penetrate into cells, synthesize early and late viral proteins, and replicate their DNA with about the same efficiency as wild type virus. The defect of these variants appears at some step during virus maturation. When groups of BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with these variants, 50% of the mice survived with greater than or equal to 1 X 10(9) plaque-forming units (PFU) as opposed to about 50% survival for mice inoculated with 1 X 10(6) PFU of wild-type virus. Mice inoculated with these variants were fully protected when challenged ip with lethal doses of wild-type virus. The reduced virulence of these variants correlated with the 8-MDa deletion; in addition, the plaque size phenotype marker contributes to a further decrease of the virulence of vaccinia virus. Due to their limited virus production and protective immune response, these variants may be potentially useful as vaccines. PMID- 3475858 TI - [Intensive detoxication therapy in acute leukemia]. PMID- 3475857 TI - [Experience with and outlook for the use of cisplatin in the combined therapy of osteogenic sarcoma]. AB - The effectiveness of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (cisplatinum, platidiam, DDP) alone or as a component of combined treatment was evaluated in 85 patients with osteogenic sarcoma. The said drugs were used as adjuvants following radical surgery (group I-18 cases), in combined treatment of solitary and single lung metastases (group 2-7 cases) and in 60 patients with advanced tumors (group 3). An analysis of long-term results showed response in 30.8% in group 3. In group 2, application of chemotherapy plus surgery was followed by remissions of 2-46+ month duration (mean-13.9 months). In group I, 78.7% are expected to survive metastasis-free more than 12 months. Toxicity was moderate, with nausea and vomiting (87.1%), myelosuppression (52.8%), nephrotoxicity (48.6%) and alopecia (75.7%) being the most common side-effects. PMID- 3475859 TI - Toe transplantation for reconstruction of the hand. PMID- 3475860 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a 23-year-old male. PMID- 3475861 TI - AIDS is winning. PMID- 3475862 TI - [Antigens of the HLA system (loci A and B) in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and circumscribed scleroderma]. PMID- 3475863 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 3475864 TI - Bacterial resistance in the Eastern Highlands Province. PMID- 3475865 TI - Hookworm (Necator americanus) and Strongyloides fuelleborni-like prevalence and egg count with age in highlands fringe people of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3475866 TI - Agricultural development, nutrition and health. PMID- 3475867 TI - Doctors' health centre visits in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3475868 TI - Neurotoxic fish poisoning in the Solomon Islands. PMID- 3475869 TI - Caesarean section in public and private practice: Papua New Guinean, Australian and other overseas patterns compared. PMID- 3475871 TI - Tuberculous meningitis in adults: practical comments on the treatment. PMID- 3475870 TI - An investigation of yaws on the Trobriand Islands, 1985. PMID- 3475872 TI - [Endocarditis prevention during dental surgical interventions]. PMID- 3475873 TI - [Experiences in antibacterial therapy with Ofloxacin during ambulatory dental surgical interventions]. PMID- 3475874 TI - [New discoveries in dental materials for dental restoration and their manipulation. 3. Amalgam]. PMID- 3475875 TI - [New discoveries in dental materials for dental restoration and their manipulation. 4. Root canal filling technics]. PMID- 3475876 TI - [Cleansing of the root canal with the endosonic system]. PMID- 3475877 TI - [Comparison of 2 methods of cleansing curved root canals]. PMID- 3475878 TI - [Principles of radiation protection]. PMID- 3475879 TI - [Aspects of quality in intra- and extraoral radiographs]. PMID- 3475880 TI - [The status of panoramic technics]. PMID- 3475881 TI - [Errors and mistakes in dental radiographic diagnosis]. PMID- 3475882 TI - [Proton spin tomography--introduction of a new technic]. PMID- 3475883 TI - [Ergonomics, dental health. 2]. PMID- 3475884 TI - [Illumination and lighting systems in the dental technical workplace]. PMID- 3475885 TI - Immunoglobulins, complement and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gastric carcinoma. AB - Immunoglobulins, complement components, carcinoembryonic antigen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were quantified in patients with gastric carcinoma preoperatively and during follow-up. At the time of diagnosis the individual patient with gastric carcinoma may be given a score that predicts the extent of his disease and his prognosis. In the disease-free period after potentially curative surgery a patient can be grouped according to whether he belongs to those with a fair prognosis or a poor prognosis. Serial testing postoperatively may corroborate the clinical interpretation of the initial signs of recurrence. The methods are simple and the variables are obtainable from a sample of blood in a routine immunological laboratory at low cost. PMID- 3475886 TI - Gastric bypass versus gastroplasty. A prospective study of differences in two surgical procedures for morbid obesity. AB - 57 morbidly obese patients were randomized and operated upon with gastric bypass (GBY) or gastroplasty (GPL). The patients were followed for three years. GBY had a slightly higher early complication rate but a significantly (p less than 0.001) greater weight loss. GBY lost 42.3 +/- 10.9 kg after one year and 38.4 +/- 12.3 kg after three years compared to 29.9 +/- 10.0 kg one year and 24.7 +/- 13.1 kg three years after GPL. No GBY but 10 GPL patients were reoperated upon due to failure to lose or to maintain lost weight. An endoscopic method was developed for postoperative measurement of stoma diameter. Use of this method showed no significant difference in stoma diameter between GBY and GPL. A correlation between weight loss and stoma diameter was found one year after GPL but not after GBY. Also a correlation between peroperative pouch volume and weight loss was seen after GPL but not after GBY. The two methods differed in emptying rate of a semi-solid test meal from the upper gastric pouch. For both methods the energy intake was highly reduced postoperatively, but significantly more after GBY. For a number of nutrients the intake was below minimum recommended levels. Fat cell weight was reduced postoperatively, most pronounced for the abdominal regions and least for the femoral-gluteal regions. The reduction was also significantly more pronounced after GBY than after GPL. Calculated fat cell number was significantly reduced after both methods. It is concluded that the effect on body weight of GPL and GBY cannot be explained by the same mode of action. In GPL mechanical fractures such as pouch volume and stoma size are of great importance, which is in accordance with earlier theories. In contrast to this, the results of GBY cannot be satisfactorily explained by such mechanical factors and additional mechanisms, probably of neuro-endocrinologic origin, must be sought for. PMID- 3475887 TI - Burn mortality. Experience at a regional burn unit. Literature review. AB - The burn patient population at a regional burn unit in Central New York State, from 1974 through 1980, (N = 507) is described completely in terms of age, total burn size, full thickness burn size, sex, race, etiology of burn, inhalation injury, referral pattern, distance from burn unit, interval to admission, length of hospitalization and causes of death. The interrelationship of these factors is examined to define their contribution to injury severity and identify variables useful in predicting death. Demographic profiles are compared to the population base, and the case-mix of patients is contrasted with that of other burn units. A logistic model to predict death is developed using the variables of full thickness burn size, age, age 2, and the presence of inhalation injury. The power of statistical methods to predict death is discussed in relation to the 37 patients who died with emphasis on the outliers present in unscreened patient populations. The point is made that any clinically useful index of burn severity must include a factor reflecting the physiologic stress imposed on the individual patient. Clinical issues pertaining to the treatment of nonsurvivors are discussed in relation to the physician's responsibility, euthanasia, and resource consumption. Results of treatment are difficult to evaluate because of the variables of patient selection, injury severity, time, and the absence of a satisfactory measure of morbidity. Effective prevention is the only way to eliminate the deaths of victims who do not survive to enter the health care system and the morbidity that inevitably results from tissue loss. From the standpoint of public health, burn morbidity may have an economic impact far different from that of burn mortality. Supraregional burn units with access limited to seriously but not hopelessly burned individuals are proposed. Supraregional burn units would make the delivery of burn care more efficient and allow the selection of a patient sample homogeneous in terms of severity, thus increasing the reliability of treatment evaluations. PMID- 3475888 TI - [Materials for obturation of the root canal]. PMID- 3475889 TI - [Orthodontics and occlusion]. PMID- 3475890 TI - [A course in integrated dentistry at the School of Dentistry of the University of Antioquia. (Various characteristics of the attendees of the course on August 26 30, 1985)]. PMID- 3475891 TI - Advances in thyroidology: cell- and immunobiological aspects. Proceedings of an International Merck-Symposium. Lubeck, 2nd to 4th October, 1986. PMID- 3475892 TI - Induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by a 5-10 Kd peptidic fragment from porcine thyroglobulin. PMID- 3475893 TI - Graves' IgG stimulates thyroid epithelial cell proliferation in xenotransplanted human toxic diffuse goitre. AB - Human toxic diffuse goitre tissue was xenotransplanted to athymic mice. Transplant function was analyzed as 18 h [125I]thyroid transplant uptake at day 21 and at 10 weeks after transplantation. Graves' IgG or normal IgG was given ip daily day 22-35. Epithelial cell proliferation in the thyroid transplants was analyzed by continuous [3H]thymidine administration for 12 days between day 28 and 39 in a separate series given Graves' or normal IgG daily during the same period. The 18 h transplant uptake increased 12.8 times from 3 to 10 weeks in the Graves' IgG group but only 3.6 times in the controls (P less than 0.05). The fraction of labelled cells after [3H]thymidine incorporation was 51% +/- (SEM) after parallel Graves' IgG administration but only 2 +/- 0.3% (P less than 0.002) in the controls. The increased 10 weeks iodide uptake after Graves' IgG may be explained by an increased vascularisation or capillary maturation, by an increased individual cell sensitivity to stimulation or by an increased number of cells. Our results indicate that serum from patients with toxic diffuse goitre, i.e. Graves' IgG, contains a factor which promotes thyroid epithelial cell proliferation. Whether this is identical to TSI or is another IgG fraction remains to be shown. PMID- 3475894 TI - Thyrotoxic effect of high iodine doses on xenotransplanted autoimmune thyroid tissue in athymic nude mice. PMID- 3475895 TI - The thyroid microenvironment in autoimmune thyroid disease: effects of TSH and lymphokines on thyroid lymphocytes and thyroid cells. AB - Thyroid lymphocytes synthesize thyroid autoantibodies in close proximity to thyroid cells and consequently soluble mediators such as TSH and interleukins (IL) 1 and 2 may have unforeseen effects on lymphocytes and thyrocytes, respectively. Investigations of thyroid autoantibody synthesis by thyroid lymphocytes in vitro showed that TSH did not affect microsomal (Mic) antibody production, but thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody synthesis was decreased, probably as a result of complexing between Tg antibody and Tg secreted by small numbers of thyrocytes in the cell suspension. IL-1 and IL-2 partially mimicked the inhibitory effects on spontaneous autoantibody synthesis induced by Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in cultures of thyroid lymphocytes. This inhibition may require a number of soluble mediators released by T cells in response to the mitogen; however, depletion studies indicated that the cell type responsible for PWM inhibition is unlikely to be a suppressor T cell and may be an NK cell. IL-1 and IL-2 had little effect on the viability of thyrocyte monolayers in an 18 h assay, but antibody dependent cells cytotoxicity (ADCC) using blood lymphocytes and thyroid autoantibody positive sera was demonstrated; further, the cytotoxicity appeared to be due to Mic antibodies. It is possible that IL-1 and/or IL-2 (as well as other cytokines) may affect thyroid cells after longer periods of exposure, either by altering them functionally or by direct damage. However, assuming that NK cells are present in sufficient numbers in the gland, ADCC could play a major role in the development of hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's disease. PMID- 3475897 TI - The TSH receptor: structure and interaction with autoantibodies in thyroid disease. AB - Studies of the TSH receptor using affinity labelling with photoactive derivatives of TSH and analysis by SDS-PAGE have shown that the receptor contains 2 subunits (A and B), linked by a disulphide bridge. Similar results are obtained with TSH receptors from human, porcine and guinea pig thyroid tissue and from guinea pig fat. Analysis of affinity labelled receptors under non-denaturing conditions suggest that subunits additional to the A and B subunits are not present. Hydrodynamic measurements indicate that the receptor A subunit has an approximately spherical structure (Stokes' radius 70 A) and when this interacts with TSH (an elongated structure with Stokes' radius 56A) a very elongated complex (Stokes' radius 104A) is formed. Isoelectric focusing studies of the TSH receptor A subunit, TSH and TSH receptor antibodies indicate that charge-charge interactions are of considerable importance in the binding of hormone and antibody to the receptor. PMID- 3475896 TI - Cellular and antibody mediated cytotoxicity in autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytotoxicity was measured in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) using a cytotoxicity assay against thyroid target cells. In the ADCC assay, mean +/- SD specific lysis produced by sera from patients with HT was 21.7 +/- 10% compared t 6.2 +/- 3.9% from normal subjects. In the NK assay, cytotoxicity was significantly increased using lymphocytes from HT patients as effector cells. At effector: target (E:T) cell ratios of 50:1 and 25:1, mean specific lysis +/- SD was 18.3 +/- 14.3% and 14 +/- 11.6%, respectively, compared to 3.7 +/- 2.1 and 3.1 +/- 2.1, respectively, for normals. In Graves' disease, 9 of 19 patients had elevated cytotoxicity, whereas no significant changes of ADCC could be found either, as determined in thyrotoxic patients, after 6 months and at the end of a one-year antithyroid drug treatment. Eight of 19 patients showed normal cytotoxicity (mean % specific lysis 2.5 +/- 3.1% compared to 2 +/- 2.9% in normal controls) and low titres of microsomal antibodies (Mab), 3 patients had significantly increased cytotoxicity (mean specific lysis 27.6 +/- 10%) in the presence of high titres of Mab, whereas 8 patients evidenced high values for cytotoxicity (mean specific lysis 24.5 +/- 14.1%) but low titres of Mab. NK cell activity, determined in euthyroid Graves' disease patients either under antithyroid drug therapy or in remission, was not significantly different than that of normal subjects at all E:T cell ratios.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475898 TI - TSH receptor structure. AB - When solubilized, radiolabelled membrane preparations from FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells are applied to TSH affinity columns, two separate peaks of protein can be eluted by high salts/high pH and low pH buffers, respectively. Immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies to the TSH receptor shows that both peaks contain proteins related to the TSH receptor. If extracts were from cells grown without TSH, one peak has a approximately 300 K and the other a approximately 70 K protein the 70 K protein can be derived from the purified 300 K protein in vitro. A 50 and 20 K protein can be derived from the 70 K protein. If extracts are from cells grown with TSH, the peaks contain a multiplicity of additional immuno-precipitable bands of approximately 200, 175, 130, 90, 50, 20 K etc. These bands are shown to result from the ability of TSH to increase the synthesis (3-4-fold) and degradation (2-3-fold) of the 300 and 70 K proteins. The 300/70 K protein fractions are reactive with monoclonal autoimmune thyroid stimulating antibodies and contain a specific disialo ganglioside. The ganglioside migrates near GM2, i.e., like a lower order ganglioside, and contains fucose. In translation experiments, the monoclonal antibodies to the TSH receptor identify a single mRNA component which produces a protein of approximately 220 K. This protein is not present in thyroid cells which have no functional TSH receptor and which cannot be surface labelled with monoclonal antibodies to the TSH receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475900 TI - Properties of thyrotropin receptor on cloned hybrid human thyroid cells. AB - Purification of the thyrotropin (TSH) binding sites from cloned human thyroid cells (GEJ) was performed after biosynthetic labelling of the cells, affinity chromatography on a human TSH-sepharose column and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate (PAGE-SDS). The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the GEJ cell TSH receptor (TSH-R) was approximately 48,000. This was confirmed by cross-linking [125I]TSH to GEJ binding sites with two homobifunctional agents: dimethyl suberimidate and disuccinimidyl suberate. Moreover, the absence of a dithiothreitol effect demonstrated that the TSH binding site on GEJ cells is formed by a single chain lacking disulphide bonds. PMID- 3475901 TI - Inhomogenous TSH-binding in functional and proliferative thyroid disorders: evidence for different membrane characteristics, TSH-receptor capping and TSH receptor presentation on the inner surface of the follicular epithelium. PMID- 3475899 TI - About the porcine TSH receptor. AB - Using a number of immunologic and biochemical approaches, we have identified a number of [125I]bTSH binding peptides with Mr approximately 45,000, 66,000 70,000, approximately 95,000; larger conjugates capable of binding the hormone have not been excluded. A conservative interpretation of the data suggest a basic receptor unit of Mr approximately 95,000 of which Mr 45,000 and 66,000-70,000 are proteolytic products of membrane-bound proteases. The association of two intact subunits by strong noncovalent forces may generate more than 3 TSH binding sites. PMID- 3475902 TI - Stimulation of Graves' thyroids in vitro. PMID- 3475904 TI - Polarized properties of thyroid cells: a study with cultured porcine cells. AB - In primary culture porcine cells form polarized cell layers. We have designed culture conditions in which we can have access to only one side of the cell layer, either the apical or the basal surface. In addition, using culture chambers with permeable bottom we can have access to either side of the cell layer which separates two compartments. Using these organized systems we have shown that the iodide concentrating mechanism and the TSH-receptor adenyl cyclase complex are localized on the basolateral domain of the thyroid cell plasma membrane. We also demonstrated the existence on the apical surface of an amiloride sensitive sodium uptake. Finally we observed that about 10% of newly synthesized thyroglobulin appears to be secreted directly into the basal compartment, 90% being secreted in the apical compartment. PMID- 3475903 TI - Modulation of class-II antigen expression in human thyroid epithelial cell cultures. AB - The modulation of HLA-D expression of thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) was studied in vitro by means of immunofluorescence. Under serum-free culture conditions, TSH and TSH-receptor antibodies induce HLA-D on TECs derived from GD-patients. Serum free culture conditions provide a higher availability of TSH-receptors by a 'right side right' polarity of the cellular morphology. There was no evidence for IFN-gamma producing cell contaminations on GD-TECs. TSH in contrast to IFN-gamma does not induce HLA-DQ on TECs. HLA-DQ is not displayed by spontaneously class-II antigen expressing GD-TECs. Methimazole as well as perchlorate do not suppress HLA-D expression of TECs. PMID- 3475905 TI - Paracrine interaction between thyrocytes and fibroblasts. AB - Cell free supernatants (conditioned medium) of isolated porcine thyroid follicles, stimulated with EGF (5 ng/ml) or TSH (1-1000 microU/ml), were tested for a mitogenic activity for fibroblasts. Whereas TSH-conditioned medium dose dependently stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of fibroblasts, only a weak stimulation was found with EGF. However, when the changes in cell number were determined, a significant increase was only found with EGF-conditioned medium from thyroid follicles. The cause of this discrepancy is a dose-dependent stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into fibroblasts by cAMP and thyroid hormones. Cyclic AMP, however, does not stimulate growth of fibroblasts. IGF I production is stimulated in fibroblasts by basal as well as EGF stimulated conditioned medium of thyroid follicles. In contrast, TSH-conditioned medium inhibited IGF I production in fibroblasts. Conditioned medium itself is free of detectable IGF I. As IGF I stimulates not only growth of fibroblasts, but also of thyrocytes, we conclude, that conditioned medium from thyrocytes stimulates IGF I production in fibroblasts, which itself stimulates fibroblast and thyrocyte growth. PMID- 3475906 TI - Role of non-TSH factors in thyroid cell growth. AB - The effects of insulin, the tumour promotor tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), TSH and combinations of these factors on growth and DNA synthesis have been examined in the FRTL-5 cell strain and in sheep thyroid cells. In addition the regulation of the production by sheep thyroid cells of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) by TSH and their possible autocrine roles have been investigated. We found that insulin and the IGF's stimulated DNA synthesis in both rat FRTL-5 cells and sheep cells. TPA also stimulated growth in both cell types, and its effects were additive to those of insulin. In the FRTL-5 cells, TPA was a less potent stimulator of growth than TSH, but the effects of TPA and TSH were not additive which may imply growth stimulation through a common pathway. In sheep cells TSH was not mitogenic and did not appear to activate protein kinase C, the receptor for TPA. Sheep cells, unlike FRTL-5 cells, were found to produce IGF-I and IGF-II, and their syntheses were regulated by TSH. Sheep cells were also found to produce IGF-binding proteins which may modulate the biologic effects of the IGF's. Sheep thyroid IGF binding proteins were found to copurify with urokinase-like plasminogen activator on immunoaffinity chromatography. The production of this serine protease has also been shown to be regulated by TSH. PMID- 3475907 TI - The FRTL-5 thyroid cell strain as a model for studies on thyroid cell growth. AB - Thyroid cell proliferation has been studied using an in vitro system of rat thyroid follicular cell strain (FRTL-5). While growing in continuous culture, this strain is still differentiated and non-tumourigenic. Both advantages and limitations in the use of such system for studies of thyroid cell growth should be considered. Some obvious limitations should be considered, such as the species (rat) from which FRTL-5 cells were originated, their long-term growth outside the animals, the presence of a chronic TSH stimulation. On the other hand, several advantages as the growth in hormonally and chemically defined media, their dependence upon TSH in the medium, their genetic homogeneity and their widespread use in many laboratories render the FRTL-5 strain a useful experimental tool. Studies on cell proliferation and mechanism of action of hormones, growth factors and human autoimmune IgG have been and are being performed, with the assumption that FRTL-5 cells are the in vitro equivalent of thyroid follicular cells. PMID- 3475908 TI - Control of the proliferation and differentiation of GEJ under platelet aggregating factor treatment. PMID- 3475911 TI - Autoimmunity and thyroid growth: methods, concepts and misconceptions. PMID- 3475910 TI - Adenylate cyclase stimulation and [3H]thymidine incorporation in human thyroid tissues and thyrocyte cultures: the effect of IgG preparation from patients with different thyroid disorders. AB - Primary cell cultures of normal and adenomatous human thyroid tissues were incubated with TSH or ammonium sulphate precipited IGG fractions (1 mg/ml) of sera from patients with different thyroid diseases (Graves' disease: active n = 7 in remission n = 12; thyroid autonomy n = 39; simple euthyroid goitre n = 15) and were compared to controls (n = 26). [3H]thymidine incorporation in primary thyrocyte cultures demonstrated a typical bell shape curve after incubation with EGF and TSH with a maximal effect at 10-100 microIU/ml. This effect, however, was inconsistent and positive only in 2 of 7 primary cultures. Only TSH positive cultures were used for IgG studies. 16-28% of IGG fractions from sera of thyroid patients caused high (more than X + 5 SD of controls) stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Dose response curves of IgG fractions of 19 additional patients (Graves' disease in remission n = 15; thyroid autonomy n = 4) showed an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation at 0.1 mg protein/ml for 10 patients and at low concentrations of 10-5 mg/ml for 5 patients. There was a good correlation (r = 0.72) (P less than 0.0001) between positive findings in TSH binding inhibition (TBII) and AC-stimulation (TSI) IGG fractions but none between stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation and any other thyroid specific immunoglobulin nor thyroid function nor any other available data. Immunoglobulins stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation differ therefore from TBII and TSI. The growth effect of these immunoglobulins, however, has yet to be determined. PMID- 3475909 TI - Thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates cell growth and DNA synthesis in monolayer cultures of human thyrocytes independent of the adenylate-cyclase system. AB - Monolayer cultures of human thyrocytes from normal thyroids (n = 13), thyroid adenomas (n = 8), differentiated (n = 7), poorly and undifferentiated (n = 5) thyroid cancers as well as thyroid cancer metastases (n = 2) were established to assess the significance of TSH and cAMP on cell growth and DNA synthesis. Cell growth was stimulated by 0.1 IU bTSH/ml and inhibited by 1.0 IU bTSH/ml (P less than 0.01), while dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP) failed to show any effect on cell growth at the concentrations (10-5; 10-3 mol/l), tested. Neither did the adenylate-cyclase inhibitor dideoxy-adenosine (ddA) (2 X 10-5 mol/l) stimulate thyrocyte growth. DNA synthesis, however, measured indirectly by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was stimulated not only by TSH 2-12-fold, but also by ddA 1.3-7 fold (P less than 0.01), and was not affected by dbcAMP. TSH had no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation in fibroblasts and c-cells from c-cell carcinomas. The stimulatory effect of TSH on thyrocyte growth and DNA synthesis was unpredictable in thyrocytes from cancerous tissues (n = 14) with no obvious correlation to tumour differentiation or stage. Thus, we showed that TSH is a promotor for cell growth and DNA synthesis in monolayer cultures of human thyrocytes from normal and adenomatous human thyroid tissues with no obvious correlation to the AC system. This TSH effect is unpredictable, however, in thyrocytes from human thyroid cancer. PMID- 3475912 TI - On the clinical importance of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibody determination. AB - Among the various autoantibody tests applied in research and clinical practice, the determination of thyroid microsomal (TMAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) still retains its strong value in the screening for thyroid autoimmunity. The presence in the serum of TMAb is almost invariably associated with thyroid autoimmune disease or focal thyroiditis. The appearance of TMAb together with elevated serum-TSH in subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis strongly suggests progression to overt hypothyroidism. Pregnant women with positive TMAb and/or TgAb run an increased risk for post-partum painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis and subsequent hypothyroidism. After delivery also a relapse of previously unrecognized Graves' thyrotoxicosis may occur. Thyroid antibody determination is not a valuable tool to discriminate autoimmune thyroiditis from thyroid malignancies. TMAb and TgAb determination helps to recognize individuals with thyroid autoimmunity among patients with non-thyroid autoimmune diseases such as Addison's disease and Type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3475914 TI - Pathophysiological and clinical implications of thyroid growth-stimulating immunoglobulins: evidence for their intrathyroidal production. AB - Thyroid growth-stimulating immunoglobulins are responsible for goitre formation not only in Graves' and Hashimoto's disease but also (partly) in simple goitre, especially in recurrent cases. TGI are antibodies, the TSH receptor, however, appears not to be the antigenic site in simple goitre. In our own studies two TGI assay systems ([3H]thymidine incorporation into isolated porcine thyroid follicles and into FRTL-5 cells) gave comparable results. TGI was found in 20 out of 72 patients with simple goitre (27%) coming from an endemic goitre area (biased by selection, i.e. certainly including sporadic forms) and in 10 out of 26 patients (38%) with recurrent goitre. TGI levels were higher in thyroidal venous blood compared to cubital blood (simultaneously drawn during surgery) indicating an intrathyroidal production of TGI. Thyroid growth-blocking antibodies as estimated in the FRTL-5 cell assay in one of our patients might be of significance not only in primary myxoedema but also for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 3475913 TI - The specificity of autoantibodies in Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - An autoantibody to orbital antigens is found in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. This autoantibody also binds to skeletal muscle antigen. Occasional positive responses have been seen in patients with Hashimoto's disease and with non-organ-specific autoimmune disease. Eye muscle has a higher innervation ratio than skeletal muscle and may be of different embryological origin, but it is nevertheless closely related to skeletal muscle and it is perhaps not surprising that the antibody should interact with both these types of muscle. What remains quite unexplained, is why the disease process apparently affects eye muscle only. The antigen appears to be distinct from thyroidal antigens, but further work with a larger patient population is necessary before one can be certain of this. To date it has been possible to exclude the cytoskeletal proteins, myosin and actin, and also the TSH receptor as possible candidates for the responsible antigens. Further studies are in progress to elucidate the nature of this muscle antigen. PMID- 3475915 TI - Graves' autoantibodies to extrathyroidal TSH receptor: their role in ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema. PMID- 3475916 TI - Sera of patients with idiopathic myxedema contain IgG which block TSH-stimulated thyroid adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3475917 TI - Aberrant expression of class II HLA antigens by the target cell: cause or consequence of the autoimmune aggression? AB - Since the aberrant HLA-DR expression on thyroid follicular cells (TFC) has been found in glands already having an ongoing immune response, the possibility exists that this ectopic expression is not the primary event leading to the infiltration by autoreactive lymphocytes, but rather a consequence of that infiltration. We have explored that possibility in studies on the behaviour of TFC from normal and autoimmune glands with respect to their expression of HLA-DR antigens when they are cultured with or without autologous mononuclear cells from the intrathyroidal infiltrates or peripheral blood. Our findings suggest that 1) the ectopic expression of class II HLA antigens by TFC in autoimmune conditions is not the result of a primary or intrinsic defect of those cells but a consequence of their response to an environmental stimulus operating in situ; 2) this stimulus appears to be the lymphoid infiltration itself; 3) there are no significant differences in the responses given by TFC from autoimmune and normal glands. In alopecia areata, another presumably autoimmune condition characterized by the presence of lymphoid infiltration precedes that ectopic HLA-DR expression in vivo. In addition, we have found that human adrenocortical cells in the zona reticularis of adult glands normally express HLA-DR antigenic determinants. Therefore, the co existence of both HLA-DR and potentially autoantigenic cell-surface constituents does not seem to be a sufficient stimulus to trigger an organ-specific autoimmune response. PMID- 3475918 TI - Extrathyroidal synthesis and biologic action of thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) in Graves' disease. AB - In a patient with Graves' disease who underwent thyroidectomy with subsequent radioiodine therapy thyroid receptor antibody could be detected by radioligand assay. No thyroid tissue could be detected by 131I-scintiscanning. Thyroglobulin was repeatedly negative. Biologic activity of this patients serum could be demonstrated in the nude mice bio assay. 131I-incorporation and secretion of human thyroglobulin could be stimulated by injecting thymusdysplastic nude mice with transplants of thyroid tissue from a patient with Graves' disease with the athyroid patients serum. These results demonstrate evidence for extrathyroidal production and biological activity of TRAb in vivo. PMID- 3475919 TI - Evidence of autoimmune pathogenesis in autonomous thyroid adenoma. AB - Using an immunohistochemical attempt to immunostain thyroid related autoantibodies, 30 specimens of autonomous adenomas of the thyroid were investigated. Twelve out of 23 inflammatory infiltrates surrounding the 'hot' nodules contained plasma cells, which gave a positive staining reaction for thyroid related autoantibodies. Seven adenomas showed no significant lymphoplasmacellular infiltration. It is concluded that this phenomenon might be due to an autoimmune pathogenesis in a part of patients with autonomous adenomas, indicating that there is no sharp line between autoimmune and non autoimmune thyroid disorder. PMID- 3475920 TI - Dendritic cells in autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - Dendritic cells form a morphologically distinct class of cells characterized by shape, reniform nucleus, absent to weak acid-phosphatase activity and strong Class II MHC determinant positivity. Functionally they are the most efficient cells in antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes which indicates their role in the initiation of an immune response. Using immunehistochemical techniques we studied the presence of dendritic cells in normal Wistar rat and human thyroids, in thyroids of BBW rats developing thyroid autoimmunity and in Graves' goitres. Dendritic cells could be identified in all thyroids studied and were positioned underneath the thyrocytes in between the follicles. Skin dendritic cells travel via lymphatics to draining lymph nodes, thus forming an antigen presenting cell system. It is likely that a similar cell system exists on the level of the thyroid for dendritic cells have also been detected in thyroid draining lymph nodes. In normal thyroid tissue of both human and rat dendritic cells were relatively scarce. During the initial phases of the thyroid autoimmune response in the BBW rat (before the appearance of Tg-antibodies in the circulation) numbers of thyroid dendritic cells increased. Intrathyroidal T-helper cells, B cells or plasma cells could not be found. The thyroid draining lymph node contained large numbers of plasma cells. During the later stages of the thyroid autoimmune response in the BB/W rat (after the appearance of Tg-antibodies in the circulation) and in Graves' goitres dendritic cells were not only present in high number, but 20-30% were seen in contact with now-present intrathyroidal T-helper lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475921 TI - Thyroid peroxidase is the organ-specific 'microsomal' autoantigen involved in thyroid autoimmunity. AB - Autoantibodies (aAb) in serum of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are directed to an antigen associated with thyroid microsomes. Although it has been investigated over almost three decades, the nature of this autoantigen remained unknown. Taking advantage of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) produced in our laboratory, we have demonstrated that thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the 'microsomal' antigen. Sera of patients with AITD strongly inhibited the binding of only one of 19 mAb raised against human thyroid plasma membranes. This mAb did not react with thyroglobulin but achieved significant binding to preparations of human, bovine and porcine TPO, bovine lactoperoxidase and human myeloperoxidase without altering the enzyme activity. The mAb has been used to immunopurify the human TPO from solubilized thyroid microsomes. The procedure allowed high purification (approximately 3500-fold) of the native enzyme with a reasonable yield (approximately 10 mg TPO/kg thyroid tissue). Human TPO exhibited a specific activity of 350-400 guaiacol U/mg, a peak in the Soret region and a ratio of A411 nm to A280 nm of 0.20-0.25. Upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme gave two contiguous bands in the 100 kDa region. Performed in non reducing conditions, electrophoresis of TPO showed one band in the same 100 kDa region. Sera with aAb to the microsomal antigen immunoprecipitated purified TPO to an extent ranging from 80 to 100% of the initial enzyme amount while sera from normal subjects or from patients with undectable level of anti-microsomal aAb elicit a decrease of less than 30% of the total TPO activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475922 TI - Cellular localization of the microsomal antigen and the thyroid peroxidase antigen. AB - Evidence has been accumulated that human thyroid microsomal/microvillar autoantigen (M) is expressed both in the cytoplasm and on the surface of thyroid follicular cells. The availability of this autoantigen to the immune system, possibly associated with abnormally expressed HLA-DR antigens may be relevant both to the triggering and to maintenance of thyroid autoimmune reactions. Preliminary biochemical characterization of M suggested that it was a glycoprotein with a mol. wt. of about 100-110 kD. recent studies carried out in our laboratories taking advantage of monoclonal antibodies provided evidence that the structure presently referred as M-Ag is represented by thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The identity between TPO and M is further supported by four-layer immunofluorescence analysis showing a complete overlap of the two antigens both in the surface and in the cytoplasm of thyroid cells and by the observation that the expression of M and TPO is similarly modulated by TSH, possibly through a cAMP-dependent mechanism. PMID- 3475923 TI - Effect of iodine intake and methimazole on lymphocytic thyroiditis in the BB/W rat. AB - Spontaneous LT and elevated serum anti-Tg occur in the diabetes prone BB/W rat, but thyroid function is essentially normal in the rats with LT. Prolonged low dose MMI decreases the incidence of LT in BB/W rats. The administration of excess iodine beginning at 30 days of age markedly accelerates the occurrence of LT and anti-Tg at 90 days of age. Low iodine intake decreases the incidence of LT. Excess iodine intake did not induce LT in W-line, Wistar-Furth, and Sprague Dawley rats. This suggests that iodine induced LT occurs only in genetically susceptible rats. Despite the increased incidence of LT during iodine administration, thyroid function remains essentially normal. This is in contrast to the frequent induction of hypothyroidism following iodine administration to euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In order to decrease thyroid reserve, rats were hemi-TX at 30 days of age. The administration of iodine markedly increased the incidence of LT and serum anti-Tg, increased the weight of the remaining lobe, and induced hypothyroidism as determined by significantly lower serum T4 and T3 concentrations and elevated serum TSH concentrations. Excess iodine administration to hemi-TX W-line rats (genetically equivalent, non diabetes, non-LT prone BB/W rats) did not induce LT but did induce hypothyroidism, suggesting that BB/W and W-line rats are susceptible to iodine induced hypothyroidism, perhaps unrelated to the induction of LT. Excess iodine did not induce LT or affect thyroid function in hemi-TX Wistar-Furth and Sprague Dawley rats. PMID- 3475925 TI - Reduced intrathyroidal K-cell activity in Graves' disease. PMID- 3475924 TI - Thyrocytes can synthesize HLA class II molecules. PMID- 3475926 TI - [Clinical manifestations of acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. AB - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS is caused by the retrovirus HIV. About 20% develop after the inoculation of the virus an acute clinical picture resembling infectious mononucleosis. Several weeks to months after the infection antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum. Lateron a lymphadenopathy syndrome or AIDS related complex may develop. Most of the patients with LAS or ARC will progress to the full blown picture of AIDS. This is defined as immunodeficiency complicated by Kaposi-sarcoma or central nervous system malignance lymphoma or opportunistic infections. The most common infections are due to certain parasites, c. e. pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidia. Fungi, bacteria and viruses can also cause opportunistic infections. PMID- 3475927 TI - [Definition and significance of the area at risk in myocardial infarct and the ischemic border zone in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Early localisation of infarction, estimation of infarct size and visualisation of metabolic and structural changes is of great importance for the management of acute myocardial infarction. This paper is based on an experimental model using a combination of in-vivo and in-vitro methods that allow the evaluation of the area at risk of infarction, the border zone and its changes over time. The purpose of the study was to characterize the topography and the time course of the border zone. The border zone forms an approximately 2 mm wide margin at the lateral edges of the infarct, with increasing width of the border zone along the subepicardium. Increasing duration of ischemia is associated with a dynamic sequence of events, not only within the area at risk of infarction but also in the peri-ischemic border zone, leading to an expansion of the subepicardial margin due to improved collateral blood flow over time. The area at risk of infarction is characterized by early distinct metabolic changes that were visualized as soon as 90 to 120 seconds following coronary artery occlusion. After 6 hours of occlusion almost the entire area at risk shows signs of irreversible injury due to severe hypoperfusion. The border zone, in contrast, is characterized by only moderate metabolic changes due to greater collateral perfusion (45 to 80% of the regional blood flow in the non-ischemic vascular bed). Several interventions were chosen and evaluated for their effects on the dynamic course of events within the area at risk of infarction and in the border zone. Interventions that have strong myocardial protective effects such as the combination of alpha- and beta-blockade, the application of specific O2-carriers (Perfluorocarbons) and pressure controlled retrograde perfusion via the coronary sinus ("PICSO"), not only reduce infarct size by 20 to 40% of the myocardium at risk of infarction, but also induce substantial topographic, functional and metabolic changes within the border zone. PMID- 3475928 TI - Abstracts. 19th congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiologists. Linkoping, Sweden, June 29-July 3, 1987. PMID- 3475930 TI - Estriol in the postmenopause. AB - Estriol is regarded as a mild and brief-acting hormone and, as such, has been prescribed for over four decades as a therapeutic agent for postmenopausal women with urogenital disorders. The dosages administered and the results obtained have varied considerably in earlier studies. Pharmacokinetic studies of estriol and the effects induced on the target tissues have been contradictory. The pharmacokinetics of unconjugated estriol after vaginal and oral medication was studied. One mg estriol applied vaginally resulted in plasma estriol concentrations similar to those obtained when 10 mg estriol was given orally. The clinical importance of the enterohepatic recirculation on plasma estriol concentrations after orally administered estriol was demonstrated. Factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of estriol are the time of estriol administration, fat-rich food, as well as the spacing of meals. Thus, the enterohepatic recirculation of estriol affects the plasma estriol elevation time and thereby the potency of estriol. The enterohepatic recirculation seemed to be less important in vaginal administration of estriol as the first liver passage is circumvented. Instantaneous and substantial conjugation of estriol in the liver is thereby avoided. By cytological assessment of the vaginal and the urethral epithelium in 40 patients treated in a geriatric hospital, the commonly recommended maintenance dosages of estriol (0.5 mg vaginally 1-2 times per week) were found to be too low to cure vaginal and urethral atrophy in very old women. This study suggests that estriol is a biologically potent estrogen by both oral and vaginal administration. The route and the time of administration, the food habits as well as the dosages given are factors which contribute to the estrogenicity of estriol. In clinical use, vaginal treatment seems preferable because the first liver passage is avoided. Vaginal administration allows a more standardized estriol regimen, while the oral treatment is more difficult to tailor for suit most women's needs. PMID- 3475929 TI - Cerebellar efferent fibers around the dentate nucleus. Pathological anatomy in olivo-ponto-cerebellar and dentato-pallido-luysian atrophy. AB - In patients with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA), the deep cerebellar white matter showed evidence of severe degeneration and gliosis. However, the circumferential white matter enclosing the dentate nucleus was less involved. In addition, the Holzer stain verified the presence of mild gliosis inside the wrinkled band of the dentate gray matter. In contrast, dentato-rubro-pallido luysian atrophy (DRPLA) affected the mantle layer covering the dentate nucleus. The fibers encircling the dentate nucleus, which degenerate in DRPLA and are spared in OPCA, are anatomically noticeable to be dentatofugal pathways. Moreover, the afferent fibers from the cerebellar cortex and other systems may reach the dentate nucleus partly from the medial aspect via the hilus, as was noted in cases of OPCA. PMID- 3475931 TI - Epidemiological aspects of urogenital complaints in older women. PMID- 3475932 TI - Endocrinology in older people. PMID- 3475933 TI - Sexual endocrinology in older women. PMID- 3475934 TI - Estrogens and urogenital epithelial function. PMID- 3475935 TI - Low dose oral estriol treatment in elderly women with urogenital infections. PMID- 3475936 TI - Menopause, estrogens and risk for coronary heart disease. PMID- 3475937 TI - Cancer and other risk factors with estrogen replacement. PMID- 3475938 TI - Substitution therapy with estrogens in old age women. Proceedings of a symposium. Gothenburg, Sweden, 11-12 December 1985. PMID- 3475939 TI - Sexuality in the elderly. PMID- 3475940 TI - Gynaecological problems in elderly women. Practical clinical aspects, treatment, care programme. PMID- 3475941 TI - Osteoporosis--possible benefits of treatment with gonadal steroids. PMID- 3475942 TI - Cancer risk--epidemiological evaluation. PMID- 3475944 TI - Estriol in recurrent urinary tract infection in elderly women? PMID- 3475945 TI - Panoramic diagnostic microhysteroscopy. Analysis of results obtained from 976 outpatients. PMID- 3475943 TI - Metabolic changes--risks of side effects during sex hormone therapy. PMID- 3475946 TI - Continual highly significant decrease in caries prevalence among 14-year-old Norwegians. AB - The MFS of 14-year-old children in Lillehammer, Norway, were recorded in 1959, 1969, 1979, and 1984. The data were extracted from dental records of random samples of 76 children. The mean MFS was 34.1 in 1959 and 28.0, 13.8, and 7.5 the following years. The caries prevalence was reduced by 78% from 1959 to 1984. In 1959, 16.6 approximal surfaces were filled, but in 1984 only 1.3. Significantly fewer radiographically initial lesions were observed in 1984 than in 1979. The continual decrease in caries prevalence is related to various fluoride programs, fluoride dentifrices, decreased caries prevalence among preschool children, and an assumed decreased challenge. PMID- 3475948 TI - A comparison of different techniques for finishing and polishing amalgam. AB - Three different methods for finishing and polishing amalgam surfaces were studied by determining the roughness (Ra) of specimens at different stages of the procedures. Method I consisted of green stone, followed in sequence by finishing bur and pastes of pumice, powdered chalk, and SnO2. Method II was similar to method I but included brown and green Shofu polishers after the finishing bur. In method III medium and fine sandpaper and fine cuttle-paper discs were used before the pastes. A dramatic decrease in the Ra values was observed after the specimens had been ground with green stones, finishing burs, and sandpaper discs. Pumice resulted in a further reduction in Ra values. However, no significant differences in Ra values were found between the brown Shofu polisher, the fine cuttle-paper disc, and the different pastes. The lowest Ra value--that is, the highest smoothness--was obtained with green Shofu polisher. PMID- 3475947 TI - Topical application of tetracycline in regenerative periodontal surgery in beagles. AB - This study was designed to test the effect of tetracycline on healing subsequent to periodontal surgery. Aqueous solutions of tetracyclines are highly acidic and may therefore represent a suitable substitute for citric acid. Furthermore, tetracyclines react with dental hard tissues to from long-lasting antimicrobial compounds, and they have a retarding effect on pellicle and plaque formation and an antienzymatic effect. The alveolar bone around mandibular premolars was surgically reduced up to 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction in two beagles. The denuded root surfaces were exposed to the oral environment during 3 months without plaque control. Regenerative surgery was then carried out, using root surface conditioning with 1% tetracycline and coronally repositioned flaps. Six months later, histologic evaluation showed connective tissue attachment extending to the cementoenamel junction in most of the specimens. Superficial root resorption was prevalent in the cervical region, below which a collar of replacement resorption partly surrounded the roots in a characteristic manner. Morphometric analysis showed that attachment gain was similar to that obtained with citric acid in a preceding series of seven dogs. These preliminary results indicate that connective tissue attachment gain after topical use of tetracycline is similar to that obtained with citric acid. In addition, the antibacterial capacity and biological effects of tetracycline warrant further study of its possible clinical use in periodontal reconstructive surgery. PMID- 3475949 TI - The influence of viewing conditions on observer performance in dental radiology. AB - Observer performance under different viewing conditions was monitored by means of radiographs, showing teeth with approximal caries, teeth with simulated approximal caries, and Plexiglas phantoms. Series a and c were exposed at two different exposure times, thus obtaining a dark and a light set of radiographs. The series a, b, and c were read by 11, 2, and 5 observers, respectively. All radiographs were examined under two viewing conditions on different occasions as follows: ceiling light in a room without a window, and X-ray viewer (X 2 magnification) with two alternative light sources. Diagnostic quality, measured as the ROC area, showed small variations in accordance with viewing conditions. For dark radiographs the X-ray viewer improved diagnostic quality compared with the viewing against ceiling illumination; however, room illumination provided the best viewing conditions when light radiographs were examined. Most of these differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). Only small differences in diagnostic strategies (cut-off points) were recorded between viewing conditions. PMID- 3475950 TI - Overextended gutta-percha and Kloroperka N-O root canal fillings. Radiographic findings after 10-17 years. AB - A representative sample, 55%, of the patients treated endodontically by undergraduate students in a teaching clinic during the years 1963 to 1969 were reexamined 10-17 years later. Gutta-percha/Kloroperka-NO root fillings (282), classified as having surplus material at the time of treatment, were evaluated in follow-up radiographs. In about 80% of the cases of overfilling, no excess root filling material could be traced at the reexamination. In a few cases only, the appearance of the excess material was nearly identical to that at the time of treatment, whereas the remaining overfillings (18%) showed a reduced size. Among the recorded variables only one seemed to have a major impact on the prognosis- namely, the presence or absence of an apical radiolucency at the time of treatment, indicating that infection was the important factor when failures occurred. Apical overfilling per se had little influence on the long-term healing result as judged radiographically. PMID- 3475951 TI - Periodontal awareness, health, and treatment need in dental school patients. I. Patient interviews. AB - The present study aimed to evaluate the periodontal awareness and the amount of information and periodontal treatment received previously in a group of randomly selected patients scheduled for periodontal treatment in a dental school. A group of 124 patients were interviewed by a dental hygienist before the treatment started. Age, sex, and regularity of dental visits were used as predictors. Around 68% of the patients were not aware of the existing periodontal disease, and 74% had never received any information about the treatment possibilities. Ninety per cent claimed that they had never received any periodontal treatment at all. The modality of periodontal treatment and the extent to which the patients had been instructed in toothbrushing were almost equal in patients who visited the dentist yearly and in emergency patients. PMID- 3475952 TI - Abrasivity of toothpastes. An in vitro study of toothpastes marketed in Norway. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the abrasivity of 23 toothpastes available on the Norwegian market. Additionally, the pH was registered. The testing was based on The British Standards Institution's specification for toothpastes, using a profilometer technique to evaluate the abrasion. The results showed that the abrasivity ranged from 0.049 to 1.367 relative to a standard reference paste. The products were classified as having 'none/slight', 'medium', or 'high' abrasivity. The pH varied between 3.7 and 10.1. Products with low pH showed evidence of a combined erosive/abrasive effect. For some brands there were statistically significant differences between the fluoride and the nonfluoride version. PMID- 3475953 TI - The surgical technique of vertical subcondylar osteotomy for correction of mandibular prognathism. A 10-year survey. AB - In the period 1975-1985 extraoral vertical, subcondylar osteotomies of the mandibular ramus (EVSO) were performed in 203 patients with mandibular prognathism at Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen. Refinements of this surgical technique are described. Clinical and surgical observations were analyzed as to preoperative orthodontic treatment, operation time, pre-/post operative complications, and hospital stay. The findings confirm that the EVSO procedure is a safe technique, with minimal discomfort and morbidity for the patients. Even though intraoral procedures are the trend for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism at present, there are substantial indications for the use of EVSO. PMID- 3475954 TI - Effect of flavonoid on PGE2-induced alterations in percentage collagen synthesis in ossicle organ cultures. AB - In adult guinea-pig stapes organ cultures, 3H (2,3)-proline incorporation into the collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and non-collagen protein (NCP) fractions of the ossicles was measured and the percentage of collagen synthesis (PCS) was calculated. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent stimulator of bone resorption, inhibited the PCS in low concentrations (5 and 25 microM), whereas it stimulated it in pharmacological concentrations (50 and 100 microM). Ipriflavon, an isoflavone derivative of therapeutical potential in otosclerosis, also reduced the PCS in 1, 10 and 50 microM concentrations. 50 microM Ipriflavon stimulated the PCS inhibited by 5 microM PGE2, but decreased the PGE2-induced PCS enhancement in vitro. PMID- 3475955 TI - Inhibition in the mammalian brain. A new theory of GABA mechanism of action. PMID- 3475956 TI - Adult alcohol consumption after pharmacological intervention in neonatal sleep. PMID- 3475957 TI - [The "floating" mucosal flap]. PMID- 3475958 TI - [Problems posed by the pregnant woman in the dental office]. PMID- 3475959 TI - [Use of the CO2 laser in the treatment of dental caries and its complications]. PMID- 3475960 TI - [A case of localized gingival hyperplasia]. PMID- 3475961 TI - [Focus on aging of the periodontium in the rat]. PMID- 3475962 TI - [Singlet oxygen in endodontics]. PMID- 3475963 TI - [Aphthae and oral aphthosis. Current concepts]. PMID- 3475964 TI - [Dental disorders in incontinentia pigmenti. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3475965 TI - The uprighting effect of the Frankel appliance on the mandibular canines and premolars during eruption. AB - The effect of the Frankel (FR) appliance on the eruptive path of the mandibular canines and premolars was evaluated in patients who were monitored from 8 to 13 years of age. The sample treated with the FR appliance consisted of 84 subjects with Class I or Class II malocclusion associated with crowding in the mandibular dental arch. Twenty-seven subjects of approximately the same age and with almost an identical space deficiency in the mandibular arch not subjected to FR treatment served as a comparison group. Permanent teeth were not extracted during treatment in any of the subjects in either group. The primary criterion of patient selection was based on the availability of standardized serial lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms, permitting an exact identification of the canine and premolar contours during eruption. Increases in width between the tips of the mandibular canines and the buccal tips of the mandibular premolars during eruption were significantly greater in the FR group than in the comparison group (P less than 0.001). The expanding effect of the FR appliance was evidenced particularly in the region of the mandibular first premolars. The distance between the buccal tips of these teeth increased by an average of 3.5 mm more in the FR group than in the comparison group. Likewise, the width between the root landmarks of the first mandibular premolars increased during eruption in the FR group 2 1/2 times more than in the untreated sample, a difference that was statistically significant (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3475966 TI - Assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationship. AB - Both angular and linear measurements have been proposed in the assessment of sagittal jaw relationship. Many distorting factors may influence the validity of evaluating this relationship. This article was undertaken to study the different measurements statistically and geometrically; in addition, the AF-BF distance as the absolute measurement of the anteroposterior jaw relationship is presented. PMID- 3475967 TI - The morphologic and biochemical effects of tensile force application to the interparietal suture of the Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to correlate the histologic and biochemical responses of the interparietal suture to a range of tensile forces. Stainless steel spring implants, calibrated to generate expansive forces from 50 to 250 g, were placed across the interparietal suture in 85 female Sprague-Dawley rats. After experimental periods from 2 hours to 14 days, the interparietal sutures were evaluated by radiography, histology, and biochemistry. An in vivo/in vitro system was used for the biochemical analysis; total protein, proline incorporated, percent collagen, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. The radiographs and histology showed that in vivo suture expansion was achievable with 50 to 70 g of force, but the heavier forces showed greater sutural opening, more cellular proliferation, and more bone formation. This increased biologic response by the heavier forces was substantiated by an increase in sutural protein and alkaline phosphatase activity but not in percent collagen. It was concluded that changes in the total protein content of the suture were not primarily caused by proliferation of osteogenic cells and fibroblasts but due to an influx of transudate. In contrast, the increase in incorporation of 3H-proline and alkaline phosphatase activity correlated with the observance of bone formation. This study indicated a positive correlation between the magnitude of tensile forces and osteogenic response. PMID- 3475968 TI - Adaptation of the suprahyoid muscle complex to mandibular advancement surgery. AB - The suprahyoid musculature has been implicated as one of the major factors responsible for relapse after mandibular advancement surgery. Previous studies have also indicated that the muscle and connective tissues comprising the suprahyoid complex must adapt to increased length brought about by mandibular advancement for skeletal stability to be achieved. The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data concerning the immediate changes and long-term adaptations that take place within the suprahyoid complex over a 2-year period after mandibular advancement. Mandibular advancement was performed on ten adult Macaca mulatta monkeys with and without suprahyoid myotomy (n = 5/group). Six animals were used as controls. Mandibular length and changes in the length of the various anatomic regions of the suprahyoid complex were evaluated radiographically with the aid of radiopaque bone, muscle, and tendon markers implanted preoperatively. The results for the nonmyotomy group showed that the suprahyoid complex was elongated approximately two thirds the amount of mandibular lengthening, the major immediate adaptations within the suprahyoid complex after the surgical procedure occurred at the muscle-bone interface and the muscle-tendon interface, the change in length at the muscle-tendon junction was maintained throughout the 2-year follow-up period, indicating that significant long-term adaptations took place primarily at that location, and no significant short-term changes or long-term adaptations were seen within the anterior digastric muscle or the intermediate digastric tendon. Within the myotomy group, it was found that the suprahyoid complex recoiled immediately after myotomy such that the anterior belly of the digastric muscle became separated from the advanced distal mandibular segment by more than twice the amount of mandibular lengthening, the anterior digastric muscle remained essentially at this posterior position throughout the 2-year follow-up period, and though not significant, there was a trend for a decrease in the length of the anterior digastric muscle belly. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that both short-term changes and long-term adaptations to lengthening of the suprahyoid complex as a result of mandibular lengthening occur primarily within the connective tissues comprising the muscle-tendon and muscle-bone interfaces, not within the muscle fibers themselves. PMID- 3475969 TI - Effect of ibuprofen on isometric contractions and associated pain of the human masseter muscle. AB - A randomized, single-blind crossover trial tested the effect of 1,000 mg of ibuprofen on jaw muscle pain induced by maximum voluntary teeth clenching (MVC). Subjects exercised MVC until there was onset of pain in the masseter muscles (pain latency in seconds), and until pain and exhaustion of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles could no longer be endured (pain tolerance in seconds). Pain intensity was quantified by visual analogue scores, and pain sensitivity by the pain sensitivity range and the pain sensitivity ratio. During MVC the mean voltage of the left masseter muscle was recorded by cumulative surface electromyography. Ibuprofen had no significant effect on the pain latency and the pain tolerance. Neither did ibuprofen significantly decrease the pain intensity nor significantly affect the pain sensitivity range and the pain sensitivity ratio. After intake of ibuprofen, the number of electromyograms with a decrease in mean voltage was significantly increased--credibly, an expression of increased central fatigue with voluntary decruitment of motor units, and possibly the result of increased contraction times because of an undisclosed effect of ibuprofen. There was no circumstantial evidence of impaired motor activity that could be attributed to biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 3475970 TI - Stability following superior repositioning of the maxilla by LeFort I osteotomy. AB - Cephalometric data from 61 patients who had undergone superior repositioning of the maxilla via LeFort I osteotomy by means of the downfracture technique were analyzed to evaluate stability of skeletal and dental landmarks at various time intervals up to 1 year. None of these patients had concurrent mandibular ramus or body osteotomy except genioplasty and all had at least 2 mm intrusion at the maxillary incisor or molar. In approximately 20% of the patients, there was 2 mm (critical value) or more postsurgical movement of skeletal or dental landmarks. During the first 6 weeks postoperatively, the maxilla showed a strong tendency to move farther upward in the patients in whom it was not stable. The posterior maxilla was vertically stable in 90% of the patients, the anterior maxilla in 80%. Horizontally, skeletal landmarks were stable in 80%, but when changes occurred, there was a tendency for the anterior maxilla to move back when it had been advanced. After the first 6 weeks, the posterior maxilla was stable vertically in all patients, but in 20% anterior maxillary landmarks moved downward, opposite to the direction of movement during fixation. In 11 of the 15 patients who demonstrated vertical changes postsurgery, the movement from fixation release to 1 year follow-up was opposite and approximately equal to the initial change, so that the net movement after 1 year was less than 2 mm. Only 6.5% (four patients) demonstrated 2 mm or greater net vertical movement for any of the variables studied 1 year after surgical treatment. There was no indication that the amount of presurgical orthodontic movement of incisors, the presence of multiple segments at surgery, the age of the patient, the presence or absence of genioplasty, or the presence or absence of suspension wires was a risk factor for instability. PMID- 3475971 TI - General practitioners and orthodontics. PMID- 3475972 TI - Only as colleagues... PMID- 3475973 TI - Incisor extraction case report. PMID- 3475974 TI - Long-term mandibular adaptations to protrusive function: an experimental study in Macaca mulatta. AB - Twenty-three male juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were used in an experimental study of long-term mandibular adaptations to induced protrusive function. Serial protrusive appliances were placed in 11 experimental animals and mandibular adaptations were monitored cephalometrically. Twelve animals were used as controls. After 48 weeks significant increases in increments of condylar growth and in overall mandibular length were noted in the treated animals. At the end of the 144-week experimental period, the mandibles of the treated animals were 5 to 6 mm longer than those of the control animals. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the mandible has a genetically predetermined length. PMID- 3475975 TI - Anaphylactic shock due to cytarabine in a leukemic child. AB - In a young child with acute promyelocytic leukemia, treatment with a variety of chemotherapeutic agents produced an acute anaphylactic reaction. When cytarabine was removed from the chemotherapeutic regimen, no further anaphylaxis occurred. Employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with cytarabine coated onto the wells in bovine serum albumin, specific IgE antibodies to this drug could be demonstrated. Similar antibodies could not be demonstrated in the serum of normal controls or of two other patients receiving cytarabine. We therefore document anaphylactic shock mediated by specific IgE antibodies to cytarabine. PMID- 3475976 TI - DNA studies in a family with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and a deletion at Xp21. AB - We have performed Southern blot analysis on a large, four-generation kindred with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Probes 754 (DXS 84), pERT87-1, pERT87-8, pERT87-15 (DXS164), and pXJ-1.1 did not hybridize to digested genomic DNA of affected males. Obligate-carrier mothers and unaffected brothers showed signals of a single X-chromosome copy intensity, and suspected noncarrier sisters demonstrated either a single band of two-copy intensity or informative polymorphisms. Uniform hybridization was seen with probes C7 (DXS28) and D2 (DXS43), which map distal to the DMD locus, and with OTC, which maps proximally. This deletion was present in six affected individuals and has been transmitted through 3 generations to date. On high-resolution chromosome analysis, a deletion within band Xp21 was consistently observed in one affected male studied and in one of the two X chromosomes in obligate carriers. This large molecular and cytogenetically visible deletion in affected DMD individuals without glycerol kinase deficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), or ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is a very rare finding and should prove useful in specifically cloning additional probes within and flanking the DMD locus. PMID- 3475978 TI - Multipoint gene mapping using seriation. I. General methods. AB - Initial and accurate inference of locus order and estimates of interlocus distances and interference can be obtained using seriation techniques. The analysis requires a matrix of recombination values that can be estimated by standard pairwise linkage analysis. This allows combination of results from individual investigators without reanalysis of basic pedigree material. Seriation can be performed without the use of a computer. PMID- 3475977 TI - Y chromosome--specific DNA sequences in Turner-syndrome mosaicism. AB - Phenotypic females with Y-chromosomal material in their genome have an increased risk for development of gonadal malignancy. The detection and identification of Y chromosomal material in these cases can be of critical importance for medical management. Chromosome analysis in four patients with Turner syndrome revealed the characteristic 45,X chromosome complement together with a second cell population containing a small marker chromosome (46,X, + mar). Molecular hybridization analyses utilizing cloned, Y chromosome-specific DNA sequences were performed to determine whether Y-chromosomal material was present in each patient. Three cases contained some Y chromosome-specific sequences, whereas one case was negative with all four probes that we used. These results were compared with detailed cytogenetic studies--including G-, Q-, and G-11-banding--of the marker chromosomes. In one case in which Y chromosome-specific DNA sequences were demonstrated, the marker chromosome was G-11 negative. These results demonstrate that cytogenetic analysis alone can lead to misidentification of some Y chromosome-derived markers. The combination of cytogenetic and molecular analyses permits a more accurate characterization of anomalous Y chromosomes and in turn provides additional information that can be crucial to the correct medical management of Turner-syndrome patients. PMID- 3475979 TI - Multipoint gene mapping using seriation. II. Analysis of simulated and empirical data. AB - Seriation methods provide an accurate and efficient means of constructing preliminary multilocus genetic maps. By using both simulated and previously published empirical data, multipoint mapping by seriation was critically evaluated. Analysis of the simulated data sets showed that the seriation methodology could accurately estimate order and interlocus distances. Application to the empirical data demonstrated that seriation could obtain results directly comparable with those of other multipoint mapping methods. Techniques such as seriation can produce preliminary genetic maps that may be used as starting points for more computer-intensive maximum-likelihood multipoint techniques. PMID- 3475980 TI - Further data on linkage between cystic fibrosis and 7C22 (D7S16) PMID- 3475982 TI - An evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. AB - In a prospective study, serum concentrations of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, a subfraction of tumor antigen (TA-4), were determined by radioimmunoassay from healthy donors, pregnant women, and subjects with various benign and malignant gynecologic diseases. Ninety-six percent of 99 healthy persons including all 52 female controls, the 15 pregnant patients, and all 23 subjects with benign gynecologic tumors, had squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels less than 2.0 ng/ml. Seven of 51 (14%) patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 16 of 24 (67%) patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma had squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels greater than 2.0 ng/ml. Declining and rising levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, which were determined sequentially in nine cases of cervical carcinoma that were associated with elevated pretreatment levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, correlated with regression and progression of the disease. Serial serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen provide a noninvasive means of monitoring the effects of individual therapy in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 3475981 TI - A study of 609 HLA haplotypes marking for the hemochromatosis gene: (1) mapping of the gene near the HLA-A locus and characters required to define a heterozygous population and (2) hypothesis concerning the underlying cause of hemochromatosis HLA association. AB - We compared 609 haplotypes carrying the idiopathic hemochromatosis allele with 475 control haplotypes. Four haplotypes were more frequent in hemochromatosis: A3, B7 (actually A3, CW., B7, Bfs, DR2); A3, B14 (actually A3, CW., B14, BfF, DRW6); A11, B35; and A11, B5. The linkage disequilibrium for A3, B7 and A3, B14 (and probably also for A11, B5) was undeniably stronger in hemochromatosis than in controls. Two haplotypes--A3, B12 and A3, B15--were more frequent in hemochromatosis, without linkage disequilibrium. Four haplotypes in linkage disequilibrium in hemochromatosis--i.e., A2, B12; A1, B8; A9, B7; and A29, B12- were also found to have the same frequency and strength of linkage in controls. The dual observation (1) that haplotypes carrying A3 without either B7 or B14 were highly significantly more frequent in hemochromatosis than in controls and (2) that haplotypes carrying B7 or B14 but not A3 had the same frequency in hemochromatosis and controls led to the formal conclusion that only A3 is an independent marker for the hemochromatosis allele, B7 and B14 being involved only owing to the haplotypic mode of marking; the hemochromatosis allele can thus be mapped closer to locus A than to locus B. Our findings fit well with the hypothesis that the hemochromatosis mutation was a rare if not unique event that produced an ancestral HLA marking that was subsequently modified by recombinations and geographical scattering due to migrations. PMID- 3475983 TI - Some blood genetic markers of the Nuba and Hawazma tribes of western Sudan. AB - Two hundred eighty subjects comprising 112 Nuba and 168 Hawazma of the Sudan were tested for the distribution of hemoglobins, eight red cell enzymes, and four serum proteins. The Nuba, the indigenous negroid tribe, had no HbS, HbO-Arab, or GdB(Khartoum) compared to the Hawazma tribe of Negro-Arab descent. The gene frequencies of the above polymorphic systems in the latter were as follows: HbS, 0.13; HbO-Arab, 0.01; GdB(Khartoum), 0.03. The frequency of GdA was higher in the Hawazma than in the Nuba. A high frequency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and HpO was present in both the tribes. Essentially similar gene frequencies of Hp1, TfD, PGDC, pC, and PGM1 were observed in both Nuba and Hawazma. The average heterozygosity at five polymorphic loci was the same (0.23) in both the tribes. The above results agree with the social practice whereby people of mixed Hawazma and Nuba descent are considered members of the Hawazma tribe and confirm that racial admixture between the two groups can be seen as a process of gene flow from the Nuba to the Hawazma, even though the Nuba are the indigenous group, while the Hawazma are the new settlers. PMID- 3475984 TI - Effects of 12-HETE on renal tubular epithelial cells. AB - The interaction of 12-HETE with MDCK cells was investigated to determine whether this lipoxygenase product might influence tubular epithelial function. MDCK cells took up 12-HETE from both the luminal and interstitial surfaces. Much of the 12 HETE was incorporated into phospholipids but, unlike arachidonic acid, there was no specificity for the sn-2 position. 12-HETE was incorporated without chemical modification, suggesting that it might perturb tight packing in the lipid bilayer. 12-HETE uptake was reduced by the presence of arachidonic acid, but not by oleic acid. 12-HETE was removed from the cell lipids more rapidly than arachidonic acid and it was released into the medium in the form of both more and less polar metabolites. When MDCK cells were incubated with 12-HETE, their capacity to produce prostaglandin E2 was reduced. Since 12-HETE enters epithelial phospholipids and is converted to metabolic products and reduces prostaglandin production, it apparently has the capacity to modulate renal function if it is released in the proximity of the tubular epithelium. PMID- 3475985 TI - Progesterone enhancement of prostaglandin E2 production by fetal placental macrophages. AB - The role of progesterone in immunoregulation at the fetomaternal interface at physiological concentrations (2-6 micrograms/ml) is controversial. This study examines the effect of progesterone on maternal lymphocyte proliferation in a one way mixed lymphocytic reaction (MLR) stimulated by allogenic lymphocytes as well as on prostaglandin production and secretion by fetal placental macrophages. No suppressive effect on maternal lymphocyte proliferation was found at progesterone levels of up to 20 micrograms/ml. However, physiological concentrations of progesterone were found to induce a significant increase in the fetal macrophage release of PGE2, which is well known as a strong immunosuppressant. PGI2 production and secretion by these cells, measured by the appearance of its 6-keto PGF1 alpha product, was not affected by incubation with progesterone. Enhancement of PGE2 secretion by progesterone may partly explain the roles of progesterone and fetal placental macrophages in immunosuppression at the fetomaternal interface. PMID- 3475986 TI - [Changes in myometrial reactivity during pregnancy after intra-amniotic administration of a hypertonic saline solution]. PMID- 3475987 TI - Nausea and vomiting after prostaglandins in day case termination of pregnancy. The efficacy of low dose droperidol. AB - The antiemetic effects of low dose droperidol (0.25 and 0.5 mg) and a placebo were compared in patients who had received prostaglandin for day case termination of pregnancy. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was high. Low dose droperidol significantly reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting without any delay in immediate recovery or discharge home (p less than 0.05). Droperidol 0.25 mg was equally effective as an antiemetic, as 0.5 mg. PMID- 3475988 TI - A modified digitonin-precipitation radioassay for 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase. AB - An improved digitonin-precipitation radioassay for 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase is presented. It is linear for enzyme protein concentrations up to 0.6 mg and for 37 degrees C incubation times up to 10 min. Sensitivity and reproducibility are improved nine- and sevenfold, respectively, over the method of Philpott and Peron. There is a good correlation with the Philpott and Peron assay (r = 0.958) and with a thin-layer chromatography method (r = 0.997). Beyond being faster, simpler, and more sensitive than other analyses, this radioassay uses one-tenth the quantity of [3H]pregnenolone substrate and is, therefore, a safer and less expensive procedure. PMID- 3475989 TI - A method for increasing the sensitivity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays in extracts of transfected cultured cells. AB - Transfection of several cell lines (HeLa, COS, PC-12, CA-77, and H4IIE C3) with pRSV-CAT by a variety of methods yielded rather low chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in cell extracts. Extracts of these cells were found to interfere with the assay of added CAT. The extracts were capable of deacetylating acetylchloramphenicol and of accelerating the rate of hydrolysis of the acetyl-CoA present in the assay. Heating the cell extract to 60 degrees C for 10 min completely prevented the interference and slowed the hydrolysis of acetyl CoA. Substantially higher CAT activities were observed when the extract was heat treated in the presence of EDTA prior to enzyme assay for most cell lines tested. This simple reliable method makes possible the accurate assessment of CAT activities in different cell lines. These observations are particularly pertinent to investigators studying tissue-specific gene expression. PMID- 3475990 TI - Determination of kinetic parameters for 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase using the five major bile acids and their conjugates as substrates and correlation with their structure and solubility. PMID- 3475992 TI - Third Conference on Vitamin C. PMID- 3475991 TI - HIV antibody in Lebanese Arabs. PMID- 3475993 TI - Vitamin C and blood lipoproteins in an elderly population. PMID- 3475994 TI - Plasma vitamin C and cancer death: the prospective Basel Study. PMID- 3475996 TI - Serum levels of vitamin C in relation to dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin C in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - Serum vitamin C levels were compared in smokers and nonsmokers in relation to dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin C, using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Smokers reported a lower mean daily intake (53 mg) of vitamin C than nonsmokers (65 mg) and a higher percentage (41% compared to 31%) consuming less than 70% RDA. Smoking status of respondents was judged by carboxyhemoglobin levels or by questionnaire. With both methods, percent of nonsupplemented smokers with serum vitamin C 0.3 mg/dl or less was two or more times as high as nonsupplemented nonsmokers at similar dietary intake levels. When smokers and nonsmokers with similar dietary vitamin C intake were ranked by serum C level, median and mean serum C for smokers was consistently lower than nonsmokers by approximately 0.2 mg/dl. By using the parallel bioassay methods, it was estimated that smokers would need an additional 59 mg/day dietary vitamin C (95% confidence interval of 52-68 mg/day) based on median values or 65 mg/day (53-79 mg/day) based on mean values to attain serum C levels comparable to nonsmokers. PMID- 3475997 TI - Ascorbate can act as an inducer of the collagen pathway because most steps are tightly coupled. PMID- 3475995 TI - Plasma reduced and total ascorbic acid in human uterine cervix dysplasias and cancer. PMID- 3475998 TI - Uptake of ascorbic acid by leukocytes. PMID- 3475999 TI - Ascorbic acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. AB - Competition for membrane transport between glucose and ascorbic acid (AA) has been shown in vitro in human lymphocytes, granulocytes, and fibroblasts. Therefore, we examined the effects of acute administration of i.v. glucose on AA levels in mononuclear (MNL) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and on leukocyte chemotaxis. Plasma glucose and AA, MNL AA, PMN AA, and chemotaxis by MNL and PMN were measured before and after i.v. glucose in fasted normal male volunteers. A decline in AA occurred in PMN as well as MNL, but decreases in AA induced acutely by transient hyperglycemia were not associated with changes in chemotaxis. However, under conditions of prolonged hyperglycemia maintained by a glucose clamp technique, significant changes (p less than 0.01) in chemotaxis by both PMN and MNL were observed after 210 and 240 min, with changes in chemotaxis to several chemoattractants significantly correlated with decreases in intracellular AA after 240 min (p less than 0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic hyperglycemia may be associated with intracellular deficits of leukocyte AA, an impaired acute inflammatory response, and altered susceptibility to infection and faulty wound repair in patients with diabetes. PMID- 3476000 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on male fertility. PMID- 3476002 TI - The effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood and hair levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury. AB - Fifty-two adult male subjects were randomly assigned to one of three possible treatment groups: supplemental ascorbic acid at one of two levels, 500 mg or 1000 mg, or a placebo. Hair and blood samples were taken before vitamin C or placebo supplementation was started and at monthly intervals thereafter for three months. Samples were analyzed for cadmium, lead, and mercury. Results indicate that vitamin C did not significantly affect levels of these metals in either hair or blood samples. PMID- 3476001 TI - Experimental vitamin C depletion and supplementation in young men. Nutrient interactions and dental health effects. AB - Biochemical indices of AA clearly showed that the young men in this study were brought into various states of AA depletion and repletion according to their dietary AA intakes. While previous studies have postulated that supplemental intakes of AA may adversely affect body status of vitamins B6 and B12, we found no changes in the B vitamin status of the young men receiving varying AA intakes. Moderate AA supplementation (605 mg/day) showed no antagonistic effect on markers of vitamins B6 and B12. Blood markers of fat-soluble vitamins A and E and iron status were not affected by AA intakes. The propensity of the gingiva to become inflamed or bleed on probing was reduced after normal (65 mg/day) AA intakes as compared to deficient (5 mg/day) intakes and upon supplementary (605 mg/day) AA intakes as compared to normal intakes. The results suggest that AA status may influence early stages of gingival inflammation and crevicular bleeding, and warrant further study of the relationship between AA and periodontal health. PMID- 3476003 TI - Ascorbic acid, redox cycling, lipid peroxidation, and the binding of dopamine receptor antagonists. PMID- 3476005 TI - Endocytobiology III. PMID- 3476004 TI - Ascorbic acid intakes and plasma levels in healthy elderly. AB - The data presented show that elderly men have significantly lower plasma ascorbic acid concentrations than elderly women at similar intakes of ascorbic acid. We hypothesize that this difference is due to lower renal tubular reabsorption of ascorbic acid in elderly men. The finding that more than half of the healthy elderly men had plasma ascorbic acid levels less than 0.3 mg/dl with daily intakes of ascorbic acid in the range of 40 to 50 mg raises concern about the rationale of lowering the RDA for vitamin C from the current value of 60 mg to 40 mg for men and 30 mg for women. This recommendation is inconsistent with efforts to improve the health status of elderly Americans by assuring adequate intakes of all essential nutrients. Our data do not allow us to determine an optimal intake of ascorbic acid for the elderly. The possibility of increased health benefits associated with intakes that exceed the current RDA of 60 mg needs to be examined. We believe, however, that a prudent approach to both of these questions would be to recommend that elderly receive a daily ascorbic acid intake that would allow plasma concentration to be maintained at or near 1.0 mg/dl. The daily level of intake required to maintain this level would be approximately 125 mg and 75 mg in healthy elderly men and women respectively. These intakes would assure adequate body reserves of ascorbic acid. PMID- 3476006 TI - Viroids. Subcellular location and structure of replicative intermediates. PMID- 3476007 TI - Bilateral simultaneous Pseudomonas keratitis with myopic extended-wear contact lenses. AB - Bacterial keratitis is reported more frequently in the literature with the use of extended-wear contact lenses. This report describes a case of bilateral simultaneous pseudomonas keratitis in an elderly patient wearing extended-wear contact lenses for correction of myopia. The lenses were not properly disinfected prior to the development of the corneal ulcers. When bacterial keratitis is suspected with the use of extended-wear contact lenses, prompt diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Appropriate microbiologic testing of the contact lenses, lens cases, and lens solutions should also be undertaken. PMID- 3476008 TI - Osteogenic and chondrogenic sarcomas of the jaws. AB - Osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas are the most common malignancies of the jaw bones, in which the incidence is approximately, 10% of their total distribution. The mandible is the bone of predilection for osteogenic sarcoma, the maxilla for chondrosarcoma. Both sarcomas are preponderantly locally invasive lesions that resist control, with 5-year cure rates less than 50% for either sarcoma. PMID- 3476009 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in hematologic diseases. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 3476010 TI - Mast cell migration during epithelization of extraction wounds. PMID- 3476011 TI - Speech impediment and chronic halitosis due to an extensive palatal fibroma. PMID- 3476012 TI - Burning mouth: an alternative explanation for some patients with diabetes mellitus and pernicious anemia. PMID- 3476013 TI - Cholesterol--a factor in phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement? PMID- 3476014 TI - Behcet's syndrome. Report of a case. PMID- 3476015 TI - Medico-dental research--the why and the wherefore. PMID- 3476016 TI - U.S. dental education in a changing environment. A return to equilibrium? PMID- 3476017 TI - Female dentists. Practice plans and practice activity. PMID- 3476018 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of infections extending from the mandibular posterior region. PMID- 3476019 TI - Poorly differentiated malignant epithelial neoplasm with jaw metastasis: report of a case and problems of definitive diagnosis. PMID- 3476020 TI - Organizing a stomatology center within a dental school. PMID- 3476021 TI - In vitro and in vivo activity of NY-198, a new difluorinated quinolone. AB - NY-198 [1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3- quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride] is a new difluorinated quinolone characterized by the presence of a C-methyl group at the 3 position of the piperazine moiety. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum. The in vitro antibacterial activity of NY-198 was almost the same as those of ofloxacin and norfloxacin, but far exceeded that of pipemidic acid. NY-198 was more active than norfloxacin against Pseudomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and anaerobic microorganisms. Cross resistance was not observed between NY-198 and various antibiotics including methicillin, gentamicin, and ampicillin. NY-198 had bactericidal activity at the MIC or slightly higher than the MIC. It showed excellent antibacterial activity against various systemic infections in mice. After oral administration, NY-198 was two times more active than or as active as ofloxacin and two to four times more active than norfloxacin. PMID- 3476022 TI - [Prevention of peritoneal carcinomatosis recurrence with a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin]. AB - Carcinomas produce large amounts of prostaglandin (PG) E2, which play an important role in suppression of non-specific cellular immune reaction in tumor bearing individuals. PG synthesis inhibitor can restore the immune activity against tumors. The anti-tumor activity of indomethacin was investigated in CDF1 mice (BALB/c X DBA/2) implanted intraperitoneally with mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26 (5 X 10(5) or 2 X 10(5) cells) in a model study to prevent peritoneal recurrence after surgery for gastrointestinal cancers. Oral administration of indomethacin (0.002% water solution as drinking water) depressed and inhibited the disseminated tumor growth in the abdominal cavity, and prolonged the survival time, resulting in 30-50% cures of mice. The treatment combined with a small intraperitoneal dose of Picibanil (OK-432) (0.5 mg/kg twice weekly), which activates macrophages in the abdominal cavity, cured 90% of mice. An intraperitoneal dose of 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 (5 micrograms/mouse, daily) reduced the anti-tumor activity of indomethacin. The results suggest that indomethacin treatment relieved the endogenous(tumor cell- and macrophage-produced) PGE2 mediated immunosuppression. It is postulated that PG-synthesis inhibitor in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents and low dose radiation, may provide a good therapeutic tool to prevent the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis, particularly in the cases having a small number of residual cancer cells or micrometastases in the abdominal cavity after surgery. PMID- 3476024 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes infection in children]. AB - Listeria monocytogenes infection is relatively unusual in children. Two cases are reported which illustrate that meningitis and septicemia are the most frequent manifestations at this age. Prognosis is especially bad in immunodeficient patients. PMID- 3476023 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: trimethoprim resistant organisms during treatment. AB - A cross sectional study was carried out in children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to determine the prevalence of trimethoprim resistant organisms in their gut flora and to compare this with a control population. There was a significantly higher prevalence of trimethoprim resistant bacteria in the study group (61%) compared with controls (14%). A longitudinal study showed that emergence of these organisms was intermittent during treatment. PMID- 3476025 TI - [Cytoplasmatic androgen receptors in malignant bone neoplasms and their relation to the morphological characteristics of the tumor]. AB - "Free" and "total" (the sum of the occupied and free sites of binding) androgen receptors (AR) in the cytosolic fraction of 51 bone tumors were studied with reference to their histologic structure and treatment. "Free" AR were found in chondrosarcomas and osteogenic sarcomas previously treated two times more frequently than in untreated tumors. It is found that in untreated osteogenic sarcomas much more "total" AR in the cytoplasm are occupied with an endogenic androgen than in the treated tumors. More than a half of "total" AR in the cytoplasm of chondrosarcomas are bound with an endogenic androgen. The authors believe chondrosarcomas and osteogenic sarcomas treated with radiation and adriamycin to be more susceptible to the androgens than untreated osteogenic sarcomas. The evaluation of the susceptibility to the androgens of bone tumors which are followed or possibly stipulated by the metabolic disturbances of sex steroid hormones will be of value in the study of bone tumor hormonal regulation. PMID- 3476026 TI - Periodontal assessment using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, 1984. PMID- 3476027 TI - Optimization of the mixing of dental amalgam using coherence time. PMID- 3476028 TI - The preparation of autologous fibronectin for use in periodontal surgery. PMID- 3476029 TI - Multiple supernumerary teeth and possible implications. PMID- 3476030 TI - National Health and Medical Research Council. Safe use of electrodental equipment (as adopted at 101st session, June 1986). PMID- 3476031 TI - Infective endocarditis. PMID- 3476032 TI - The dental status of 15-year-old South Australian students. PMID- 3476034 TI - Limitation of mandibular opening due to enlarged coronoid processes. PMID- 3476033 TI - Corrosion and artificial caries-like lesions around amalgam restorations. PMID- 3476036 TI - Attitudes to the training and utilization of dental auxiliaries in Western Australia. PMID- 3476035 TI - The dental status of four-year-old children in the Brunswick Child Development Study. PMID- 3476037 TI - National Health and Medical Research Council. Recommendations in dental mercury hygiene (as adopted at 101st session, June 1986). PMID- 3476038 TI - Infective endocarditis. PMID- 3476039 TI - Open bite. PMID- 3476040 TI - A study of dentofacial morphology in South Australian twins. PMID- 3476041 TI - Persistent neutropenia in a young child with a chromosome anomaly. Case report. PMID- 3476042 TI - Root resorption--an unusual presentation. PMID- 3476043 TI - Periodontal healing with citric acid and fibronectin treatment in cats. PMID- 3476044 TI - Diagnostic use of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in lymphoproliferative disease. AB - Gene rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor gene loci were studied in 67 patients referred to a general hematology clinic. The results of gene analysis supported the clinical diagnosis in most cases where involved tissue was studied. However, in a number of cases, gene rearrangement studies gave unexpected results of possible diagnostic significance. Thus two patients who presented diagnostic difficulties were finally diagnosed as having non Hodgkin's lymphoma; gene analysis suggested that the initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease may have been correct. In two patients who had chronic lymphocytosis and were suspected of having chronic lymphocytic leukemia, no evidence of monoclonal disease of B or T cells could be found and the basis for the lymphocytosis was presumed to be non-malignant. Gene analysis was able to detect monoclonal B cell disease in the otherwise normal blood of two of six patients with lymphoma, one of two patients with macroglobulinemia, and none of six patients with myeloma. The study of gene rearrangements may be practical aid to diagnosis in some situations of uncertainty. PMID- 3476045 TI - A kinetic study of sulindac in the elderly. AB - To study the disposition of the anti-inflammatory drug sulindac, its active sulphide metabolite, and the inactive sulphone metabolite, sulindac (200 mg twice daily) was given to eight elderly subjects for at least 14 consecutive days. The drug was then ceased for 72 hours, and suitable samples were collected to study its elimination. The mean steady-state concentration for sulindac was 5.0 micrograms/ml, for sulindac sulphide was 6.5 micrograms/ml, and for sulindac sulphone was 13.2 micrograms/ml. These are approximately twice the reported steady-state levels for the respective redox forms in healthy young adults. The mean half-lives of sulindac, sulindac sulphide, and sulindac sulphone were 18.3 hours, 22.3 hours, and 54.6 hours, respectively. One patient who had mildly abnormal liver function tests developed more severe abnormalities whilst receiving sulindac. These returned towards normal after cessation of treatment. This patient had the highest steady-state plasma concentration of sulindac sulphone. It is concluded that care should be taken with the use of sulindac in the elderly, and control of patients' symptoms should be attempted with lower doses of the drug before the standard dose of 200 mg twice daily is administered. PMID- 3476046 TI - Validation of coronary heart disease hospital discharge data. AB - Data from a 1983 Auckland coronary heart disease register applying current World Health Organization criteria have been used to validate routine hospital discharge data. The register contained 905 patients under 65 years admitted to hospital and 858 of these patients were matched with hospital discharge records. Of the registered definite myocardial infarction cases 86% received the International Classification of Diseases code 410 (acute myocardial infarction); 9% of these cases received a code 411-414 (other forms of coronary heart disease or angina) and 5% received other codes. Only 405 of the 604 cases (67%) coded 410 in the hospital discharge data were true definite myocardial infarctions according to the World Health Organization criteria. The routine hospital International Classification of Diseases data do not provide diagnostic groups sufficiently close to World Health Organization categories for them to be used alone to monitor trends in coronary heart disease morbidity rates. PMID- 3476047 TI - Diagnosis of inferior myocardial infarction in the presence of left anterior hemiblock. AB - Inferior myocardial infarction results in Q waves in the inferior leads of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Left anterior hemiblock results in initial r waves in these leads. Thus the diagnosis of one in the presence of the other is difficult. It has been reported that inferior infarction can be diagnosed in the presence of left anterior hemiblock when there is a q wave or q equivalent in lead II, and that part of the inferior wall must be spared, to result in the initial r waves of left anterior hemiblock in leads III and aVF. We examined these concepts in 18 patients with such an ECG, by means of resting myocardial perfusion (thallium 201) scintigraphy. In 15 there were defects in the inferior left ventricular wall consistent with inferior infarction. In all of these patients there was sparing of part of the inferior wall: in nine, sparing of the posterior part, and in six, sparing of the anterior part. We conclude that in apparently isolated left anterior hemiblock, a q wave or q equivalent in lead II is an important sign, indicating the likelihood of associated inferior infarction. PMID- 3476048 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis: a case report with particular reference to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. AB - Cerebral cysticercosis is becoming more common in Australia as the immigrant population from areas of endemic disease increases. The case reported exemplifies the common presentation of this interesting infestation. Treatment consists primarily of Praziquantel with or without steroids and anti-seizure medication if indicated. Follow-up is by both clinical and radiological assessment. PMID- 3476049 TI - Aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate treatment of hypercalcemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - A 43 year old man was known to have had mild primary hyperparathyroidism for several years. Nine days following surgery for acute cholecystitis he developed a hypercalcemic crisis with a plasma calcium level of 4.23 mmol/l, despite intravenous and oral hydration. The hypercalcemia was corrected by a single intravenous dose of (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-diphosphonate (15 mg), allowing parathyroidectomy to be performed electively and on a well patient. PMID- 3476050 TI - Adrenocortical carcinoma presenting as primary aldosteronism in a young man. AB - A young Polynesian man presented with severe hypertension complicated by an intracerebral hemorrhage. The hypertension was found to be secondary to hyperaldosteronism from a well differentiated adrenocortical carcinoma. Surgical removal of the tumor has resulted in a near normal blood pressure with no evidence of tumour recurrence of hyperaldosteronism after one year. PMID- 3476052 TI - Tuberous sclerosis mimicking adult polycystic kidney disease. AB - Tuberous sclerosis is a recognised cause of renal disease, usually angiomyolipomas but also cysts; it usually presents in childhood. A father and son are reported with familial tuberous sclerosis presenting in adulthood and mimicking polycystic kidney disease. PMID- 3476051 TI - Papillary necrosis associated with rifampicin therapy. AB - We report a patient who developed progressive renal failure following 13 months of rifampicin therapy for renal tuberculosis. The renal function continued to deteriorate despite the discontinuation of rifampicin. Renal pathology did not demonstrate any evidence of tuberculosis of the kidney but revealed the unique pathological finding of glomerulosclerosis, granulomatous interstitial nephritis, and extensive papillary necrosis. PMID- 3476054 TI - Boxing and the brain. PMID- 3476053 TI - Necrosis of myeloma-infiltrated ileum following cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 3476055 TI - Legal techniques and medical value judgments. PMID- 3476056 TI - The biotechnology revolution and Australian medical science. PMID- 3476057 TI - The management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. PMID- 3476058 TI - A dose-ranging study of the antiplatelet effect of enteric coated aspirin in man. AB - Enteric coated aspirin was given to eight human volunteers in escalating doses (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg daily), each dose being given over two weeks. In addition, to measure the maximum effect of aspirin, each volunteer was given two single doses of 600 mg of soluble aspirin. At the end of each dosing interval we measured platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation in response to four aggregating agents and to whole blood coagulation. The doses of aspirin required to inhibit platelet aggregation in response to various stimuli were: for collagen 60-80 mg, for adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline 60 mg, and for arachidonate 40 mg. For maximum inhibition of thromboxane formation the doses were: for collagen greater than 100 mg, for adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline 60 mg, for arachidonate 80 mg, and for whole blood coagulation 100 mg. Different aspirin doses are required to inhibit the responses to different stimuli. Furthermore, for some stimuli, inhibition of thromboxane generation may require more aspirin than is required for inhibition of aggregation. The clinical implications of these findings are uncertain since we do not know which stimuli are important in arterial thrombosis in man. PMID- 3476060 TI - Enhanced prediction of major cardiac events after myocardial infarction using exercise radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Exercise radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) was performed 7-12 days after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 153 patients to assess its value in identifying those at risk of serious recurrent cardiac events. In addition to electrocardiogram (ECG) features of the exercise test, clinical and hemodynamic features were also considered: the exercise test was abnormal if there was a fall in blood pressure of 10 mmHg or more, development of angina, or inability to complete three minutes of exercise. RVG was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction and to assess wall motion at rest and at peak exercise. After a median follow-up of 14 months, there were 18 cardiac events: six deaths and 12 patients with recurrent MI. In addition, 18 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery; the decision to perform surgery was predicted by ST segment depression or a fall in blood pressure during exercise (p less than 0.005). The sensitivity of the exercise test for identifying patients with a cardiac event increased progressively as additional parameters were considered in a cumulative fashion; hence, ST depression identified 28% of patients with events, whereas addition of clinical and hemodynamic parameters increased this to 61%. The addition of RVG increased the sensitivity further to 88%, but with a specificity of 50%. Although exercise-induced ST depression of up to 1 mm did not predict outcome significantly, a positive exercise RVG did predict cardiac events: 17% of patients with a positive test had an event, compared with 6% of those with a normal study (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476059 TI - Hepatitis B in Australia: determinants of intrafamily spread. AB - Strategies for the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rely on information about the modes of spread and the numbers of 'at risk' individuals in particular community subgroups. This study prospectively examined 377 family and household contacts of 145 patients with HBV infection to determine the incidence of and factors determining intrafamily spread. Two hundred and forty were contacts of 68 Asian patients and 137 were contacts of 77 Caucasian patients. Serological examination of all contacts demonstrated that 161 (43%) had HBV markers including 60 (16%) who were HBsAg positive. HBV transmission within families was greater if the index case was Asian rather than Caucasian (p less than 0.001), had an HBsAg positive mother rather than an HBsAg positive father (p less than 0.01), was HBeAg positive rather than HBeAg negative (p less than 0.002), and had chronic rather than acute HBV infection (p less than 0.001). However birthplace, family size, and the activity of the liver disease of the index case did not influence HBV transmission. Within Asian families, the risk of non-sexual and non-vertical transmission of hepatitis B appeared to be as high as 18% and continued after the first three years of life. It is concluded that hepatitis B prevention programmes should include vaccination of families of chronic HBV carriers, particularly those from endemic regions such as Asia. PMID- 3476061 TI - Hypothalamic/pituitary sarcoidosis. AB - A patient is described with combined pulmonary and central nervous system sarcoidosis, including hypothalamic/pituitary involvement. Formal pituitary challenge testing was performed before steroid treatment and again eight months later. Diabetes insipidus, hyperprolactinemia, and anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies were demonstrated and did not improve significantly in response to steroids. Hypothalamic/pituitary involvement is a rare complication of sarcoidosis, the incidence of which may be under-reported. PMID- 3476062 TI - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in pheochromocytoma. AB - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare complication of pheochromocytoma. We describe a 39 year old man with a large right adrenal pheochromocytoma and extremely high catecholamine levels, who developed pseudo-obstruction which responded promptly to intravenous phentolamine infusions. This case supports the concept that this complication is attributable to high circulating levels of catecholamines, acting by direct and indirect inhibition of gastrointestinal motility. PMID- 3476063 TI - Abdominal CT and lymphography in the initial staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3476064 TI - Repeated warnings re repeated measures. PMID- 3476065 TI - Giardiasis and vitamin B12 deficiency. PMID- 3476066 TI - Corticosteroids and osteoporosis. PMID- 3476067 TI - Surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux--current issues. PMID- 3476069 TI - Lymph node dissection for head and neck cancer. AB - A retrospective analysis of 141 neck dissections performed at the Royal Melbourne Hospital from 1975 to 1981 has been carried out with a view to identifying the prognostic factors. When a neck dissection is performed, the site of the primary disease did not affect the 5 year survival rate. A conservation neck dissection, especially when performed electively, had the best prognosis. Radiotherapy did not affect the overall survival rate in patients having a neck dissection, while chemotherapy appeared to exert a beneficial effect on patients with advanced disease. While clinical nodal staging was an important prognostic indicator, the number of nodes pathologically involved was not. Histologic differentiation of the tumour was not prognostically significant, whereas extracapsular nodal disease was. Most (70%) treatment failures occurred in the neck, while systemic metastases occurred in 12% of patients. PMID- 3476068 TI - A debate: we should seldom operate on uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3476070 TI - Hydatid disease at Royal North Shore Hospital: results of surgical treatment. AB - A study of the results of surgery for hydatid disease was undertaken at Royal North Shore Hospital for the period 1966-83. There were 51 patients who underwent surgery for this disease and follow-up was obtained in all but eight cases. Comparison of cumulative survivals for this group with that of a matched Australian population showed that patients undergoing surgical treatment of their hydatid can anticipate a normal life expectancy. There was no evidence that patients with extrahepatic disease fared any worse than those with disease confined to the liver. Documented recurrence of hydatid disease occurred in eight cases following surgery and only one patient actually died from hydatid disease. This was a case in which spillage occurred at the initial procedure. This paper is presented as a reminder that hydatid disease still occurs with sufficient frequency to pose therapeutic problems for surgeons. Whilst total eradication of the parasite will only occur with enforcement of public health measures, surgery would still appear to be effective therapy for established hydatid disease so long as care is taken to avoid cyst rupture. PMID- 3476071 TI - Management of diffuse peritonitis by prolonged postoperative peritoneal lavage. AB - Prolonged postoperative peritoneal lavage has been used as a part of the management of 55 patients with diffuse peritonitis. The lavage technique consisted of 60 min cycles of instillation and drainage of a lavage fluid into the peritoneal cavity via a peritoneal dialysis catheter. The lavage fluid was a slightly hypertonic salt solution containing antibiotics, usually cefotaxime and metronidazole. The overall mortality rate in the series was 11% (6/55). Only one of these patients had residual abdominal sepsis present at post-mortem, the remaining deaths being due to a progression of the pre-existing disease. Five patients showed evidence of further intra-abdominal sepsis. In three of these patients this was associated with the presence of a previously well established abscess cavity. The overall results indicate that, for this group of patients recognized to be at high risk of mortality or further sepsis, the use of prolonged postoperative peritoneal lavage is associated with an improved outcome. PMID- 3476072 TI - Enhancement of neutrophil chemiluminescence after elective gastrointestinal surgery. AB - Neutrophil count and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence were measured pre operatively and on the second, sixth and ninth days after operation in nine patients undergoing major, elective gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that elective surgery as a form of injury has no prolonged deleterious effect on neutrophil activity in non-septic patients. A significant increase in neutrophil count was demonstrated in all patients at Day 2 (P less than 0.01) and Day 9 (P less than 0.01). Neutrophil chemiluminescence increased on Day 2 and Day 6, the increase on Day 6 being significant (P less than 0.02). In the first 9 days after elective gastrointestinal surgery, a biphasic neutrophilia occurs and the metabolic response of neutrophils to an opsonized particle is not impaired. These data would support the hypothesis that major elective surgery has no deleterious effects on neutrophil activity, and indeed that neutrophil activity may be enhanced. PMID- 3476073 TI - A report on the management of a lymphocyst after vascular surgery. AB - Lymphocysts and lymphatic fistulas occasionally follow vascular surgery in the legs. A case is presented in which a lymphocyst followed simple removal of the saphenous vein. A successful method of treatment is described and the applicability of this treatment to lymphatic fistulas is discussed. PMID- 3476074 TI - Constructive and reconstructive gynaecology: uterine and vaginal grafts. PMID- 3476075 TI - Endotracheal intubation following thyroidectomy. AB - Thirty-five patients requiring tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation, following thyroidectomy are reviewed. Conditions included 30 patients with multinodular goitre, three patients with Graves's disease and two patients with carcinoma of the thyroid. Early in the series, emergency tracheostomy was performed in three patients with airway obstruction following thyroidectomy. Ten patients were deemed at extremely high risk of developing airway obstruction and underwent prophylactic tracheostomy. Endotracheal intubation has been used in preference to tracheostomy in the latter part of the series. Emergency endoctracheal intubation was performed on one patient and prophylactic intubation was carried out in 20 patients. The morbidity and length of hospital stay in this latter group was considerably less than those requiring tracheostomy. It is concluded that patients with potential airway obstruction following thyroidectomy should have prophylactic endotracheal intubation, in preference to tracheostomy. PMID- 3476076 TI - Smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - Forty-six patients with smooth muscle tumours of the stomach and small intestine were treated surgically at the Princess Alexandra Hospital between 1970 and 1986. Leiomyomas were three times more common than leiomyosarcomas, but malignant tumours occurred more frequently in the small intestine than in the stomach. Gastric tumours tended to present with gastrointestinal bleeding, in contrast to intestinal lesions which presented predominantly with abdominal pain. Although leiomyomas tend to be smaller at operation than leiomyosarcomas, the size of a smooth muscle tumour is not reliable in discriminating between benign and malignant lesions. Therefore all smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract should be excised as widely as possible, including local lymphatics in the dissection where practicable, so as to maximize the likelihood of radical extirpation of malignant lesions. Approximately one-third of patients with leiomyosarcomas have metastases at the time of surgery; the 5 year survival rate after surgical treatment of leiomyosarcomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract is less than 50%. PMID- 3476077 TI - A simple surgical audit. AB - A simple microcomputer based surgical audit system, written by one of the authors and implemented on a Tandy model IV microcomputer, is described. The system allows data from 2000 patients to be stored on a single disc. Data stored can be easily analysed and used to audit clinical activity. PMID- 3476079 TI - Spermatic cord torsion in the neonate. AB - Three cases of spermatic cord torsion in neonates are presented. Support is given to the nonoperative management of both the unaffected contralateral testis and late presentation cases. PMID- 3476078 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms and coronary artery disease: is a more aggressive approach indicated? AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the influence of known ischaemic heart disease on the operative and the long-term survival of patients undergoing elective repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. One hundred and seventy-one patients underwent elective surgery between June 1977 and December 1983. The patients were divided on routine clinical grounds into cardiac and noncardiac groups. Ninety-five patients had a history of heart disease and/or an abnormal resting pre-operative ECG. Seventy-six patients had no history of heart disease and a normal pre-operative resting ECG. Two of the seven operative deaths were due to myocardial infarction with one each from the cardiac and noncardiac groups. Eight patients suffered an acute myocardial infarction with five from the cardiac and three from the noncardiac group and this was not significantly different. The overall survival of 95% at 1 year and 76% at 5 years closely follows the age/sex matched Australian population. The survival at 1 year in the cardiac group was 97% and 95% in the noncardiac group. The 5 year survival was 72% and 79% respectively. During follow-up to December 1984, 11 patients died from ischaemic heart disease with six from the cardiac and five from the noncardiac group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the incidence of myocardial infarction or the short- and long-term survival. This study does not support a more aggressive approach to coronary artery disease in the pre-operative management of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 3476080 TI - Preeclampsia in twin pregnancy--severity and pathogenesis. AB - The incidence of preeclampsia in a consecutive series of 642 twin pregnancies was 25.9% compared with 9.7% in singleton pregnancies (p less than 0.001); in primiparas it was 35.2% and in multiparas 20.4% (p less than 0.001). Preeclampsia in twin pregnancies was more commonly of early onset (p less than 0.001) and the maternal disease more severe as assessed by the incidences of severe hypertension (p less than 0.001), proteinuria (p less than 0.004), and eclampsia (p less than 0.01). There were 1 maternal and 12 perinatal deaths. Oestriol excretion before the emergence of preeclampsia was lower in patients with severe compared with milder preeclampsia (p less than 0.05) as was plasma glucose concentration (p less than 0.05). Mean birth and placental weights according to gestation, tended to be lower in the severe group compared with uncomplicated cases and those with milder preeclampsia, as were also the placental-fetal weight ratios. The similarity of results with those already reported for singleton pregnancy suggested a similar pathogenesis for preeclampsia in twin and singleton pregnancies. PMID- 3476081 TI - Mid-cavity occipitoanterior forceps delivery--Laufe and Barnes forceps compared. AB - Laufe forceps are divergent forceps designed to reduce compressive forces upon the fetal skull during delivery from the pelvic outlet. Here we have undertaken a retrospective matched analysis in which Laufe (N = 75) and Barnes (N = 75) forceps were used for occipitoanterior mid-cavity forceps delivery. Our aim was to compare fetal and maternal outcome following use of these 2 types of forceps in the mid-pelvis. Fetal morbidity, categorized by trauma, low Apgar score or jaundice, was present in 31 of 75 infants delivered by Laufe forceps and in 47 of 75 infants delivered by Barnes forceps (p less than 0.01). Overall, maternal morbidity was statistically similar between the 2 groups although perineal trauma was more frequent in the Laufe group (p less than 0.05). We concluded that there appeared to be an improved fetal outcome following occipitoanterior mid-cavity delivery using Laufe forceps compared with Barnes forceps. These initial findings imply that in situations of fetal compromise, where forceps delivery from an occipitoanterior position in the mid-cavity is indicated, that Laufe forceps might be chosen. PMID- 3476082 TI - No episiotomy?! AB - A method is presented which with careful manipulation of the vagina around the crowning head reduces the incidence of an episiotomy or a perineal tear. Using the method described, the overall result obtained was an intact perineum in 68% of vaginal deliveries (which included forceps deliveries). An episiotomy was performed in only 7% of deliveries--all associated with the use of forceps. PMID- 3476083 TI - Unexpected problems in patients selected for birthing unit delivery. AB - Although delivery in the Family Birthing Unit of our hospital has been associated with good perinatal results, unexpected serious complications were observed necessitating the availability of immediate resuscitation facilities for both mother and baby. Of the 1,794 patients initially selected for confinement in the Family Birthing Unit, 326 were transferred out because of antenatal complications, 241 were transferred out because of intrapartum complications, and the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and/or neonatal asphyxia in the remaining lowest risk patients were 3.7% and 1.3% respectively. Ten of these lowest risk patients required blood transfusions and 4 babies required admission to the Special Care Baby Unit because of neonatal asphyxia. PMID- 3476084 TI - A reappraisal of urinary oestriol excretion as a screening test in pregnancy. AB - During the years 1971-1982 urinary oestriol excretion was tested in 38,536 patients (group 1). One or more low oestriol value was found in 11.0% of patients; in this group the stillbirth rate was 8 times higher, the neonatal death rate 4 times higher, and fetal growth retardation rate 4 times higher than in patients with normal oestriol values (all p less than 0.001). During the years 1982-1984 a further 12,887 patients were tested (group 2) and 9.5% had one or more low oestriol value. The perinatal mortality rate in patients with normal oestriol excretion fell from 0.8% in group 1 to 0.5% in group 2 (p less than 0.05), and in patients with low oestriol excretion from 4.7% in group 1 to 2.4% in group 2 (p less than 0.01). However, patients in group 2 with low oestriol values still had significantly unfavourable results, compared to those with normal oestriol values--stillbirth rate 4 times higher, neonatal death rate 5 times higher, and fetal growth retardation rate 4 times higher (all p less than 0.001). Although perinatal results have improved, fetal growth retardation and the risk of perinatal death are still identified by urinary oestriol assay. PMID- 3476085 TI - Meconium aspiration--role of obstetric factors and suction. AB - Meconium aspiration occurred in 66 of 120 infants with meconium-stained liquor admitted to a Neonatal Unit. Four of the 66 infants died, whilst 17 other required ventilatory support. Meconium aspiration syndrome, especially when severe, was more likely if the mother was a smoker, hypertensive, anaemic, Maori or the pregnancy was greater than 42 weeks' gestation. Meconium aspiration was also associated with thick meconium, prolonged labour, late fetal heart decelerations and inadequate suctioning of the airway at birth. Although meconium stained liquor is a common occurrence in labour, a bad neonatal outcome will only be obviated by vigilant intrapartum care and active suctioning of the infant's airway at birth. Once aspiration has occurred, intensive treatment is often required and sometimes fails. PMID- 3476086 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis: a 15-year experience. AB - Eighty-seven infants (0.13% of livebirths) developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) during a 15-year period at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne. The disease was associated with 23 deaths, representing a mortality rate of 26.4% and comprising 2.6% of all neonatal deaths. The incidence of NEC increased from 0.07% of all livebirths for the years 1971-1974 to 0.25% for the 19-month period from January, 1984 to July, 1985. The mean age at onset was 9.9 days with an inverse relationship between birth-weight and age of onset of the disease. The mothers of the infants who developed NEC belonged to a significantly higher risk obstetric population; gestational diabetes was identified in 3 of 28 mothers (10.6%) having glucose tolerance tested, and 1 other patients was a known diabetic. Subnormal oestriol excretion was detected in 15 of 45 patients tested, treble the overall hospital incidence. Of the 87 infants, 26 (29.9%) were VLBW (birth-weight less than 1,500 g), 5 were term (5.7%) and 9 (10.3%) were small for gestational age. The mean gestational age was 34.7 weeks and mean birth-weight was 1,988 g. Sixty seven (77%) infants received medical treatment alone and 20 (23%) also received surgical treatment. Sequelae which developed in survivors were colonic strictures (4), fistulas (2) and the short-gut syndrome (1). PMID- 3476087 TI - A perinatal growth chart for international reference. PMID- 3476088 TI - Summary of labour and obstetric audit by microcomputer. AB - A microcomputer is used directly by the clinician, immediately after delivering a baby, to produce a summary letter to the referring physician and for the case notes. The programme is easy to use, and accepted by a wide range of medical users. In addition to producing a summary, the information is added to the obstetric data base, which may be interrogated by a computer novice. The system is now used to produce yearly obstetric audits of the Queen Victoria Medical Centre. PMID- 3476089 TI - Immunogenetic studies in habitual abortion. AB - Recent evidence suggests that immunological factors could play a role in the aetiology of habitual abortion. In this study, 71 couples with habitual abortion (i.e. more than 3 successive abortions) were investigated. Sharing of HLA-A, B, DR between partners was not found to be significantly increased. Anti-HLA antibodies in women against their partners' lymphocytes were found in 18.3%. After immunization with 10(7)-10(8) lymphocytes obtained from husband or unrelated donor, there was a seroconversion rate of 61% in those without antibodies initially. This was not dependent on the number of cells injected, source of cells, degree of sharing of HLA antigens or whether the couple were primary aborters (i.e. having had no advanced pregnancy), or secondary aborters. Seven pregnancies have resulted following the immunization procedure so far, 5 occurring in cross-match positive patients and 2 in cross-match negative. Growth retarded infants resulted from the pregnancy of 1 primary aborter and 2 secondary aborters. PMID- 3476090 TI - Tubal sterilization--its aftermath. AB - A review of the long-term sequelae of female sterilization has been made. There is little support for the belief that the procedure leads to an increased incidence of menstrual problems, psychological difficulties, or subsequent surgery. All presently available techniques occasionally fail. The rate is not significantly greater when mechanical methods are employed. The proportion that are ectopic, however, is greatly increased following tubal diathermy. Reversal requests per 1,000 women sterilized are numerically higher than failure rates. Success rates following reversal are far higher when mechanical techniques have been used. PMID- 3476091 TI - Pelvic infection and the pathogenesis of tubal ectopic pregnancy. AB - All ectopic pregnancies occurring in a defined New Zealand urban area from the years 1970 and 1984 were studied (232 cases in total). The medical records and histological preparations were reviewed. A 38% increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy over this 15-year period is documented. The percentage of patients with histological evidence of past tubal infection increased from 40.6% in 1970 to 61.2% in 1984. Significant increases in the number of patients with histories of infertility or past pelvic infection and of patients with operative evidence of past infection were also noted. These results support the postulate that the increase in incidence of ectopic pregnancies over recent decades is strongly associated with the increase in prevalence of pelvic infection. Tubal damage secondary to previous pelvic infection is probably the major, although certainly not the only, aetiological factor in the development of tubal pregnancies. PMID- 3476092 TI - Low rectovaginal fistulas. AB - Twelve patients aged between 25 and 48 years with parity ranging from 2 to 4 were treated for rectovaginal fistula at the First Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catania University Medical School, Catania, Italy from 1965 to 1985. In all patients the rectovaginal fistula was in the inferior third of the vagina and of maximum diameter of 5 cm. Therapy consisted of surgical correction in 9 patients with transformation of the fistula into a complete perineal tear cutting the bridge of healthy tissue under the fistula. Follow-up period varying from 2 to 16 years showed no recurrence. PMID- 3476093 TI - Torsion of the gravid uterus. AB - A case of 90 degrees dextrorotation of the uterus occurring in labour with successful outcome for mother and child is reported. Partial torsion may explain the occurrence of abnormal lie occurring during labour in the absence of detectable uterine pathology. PMID- 3476094 TI - Vasa praevia--antepartum haemorrhage with sinusoidal fetal heart pattern. PMID- 3476096 TI - Re: Twin pregnancy: prematurity and perinatal mortality. PMID- 3476095 TI - 'Uraemic peritonitis following suprapubic bladder puncture'. PMID- 3476097 TI - Re: Chorionic villus sampling. Clinical experience in 50 diagnostic cases. PMID- 3476098 TI - Mental health law reform. PMID- 3476099 TI - General hospital psychiatry in China. PMID- 3476100 TI - Therapist code of ethics. PMID- 3476101 TI - Self-induced water intoxication. PMID- 3476102 TI - Persistent viral syndrome (PVS) causing psychological symptoms. PMID- 3476103 TI - Thiamine added to beer. PMID- 3476104 TI - Type A coronary-prone behaviour pattern and pathological narcissism. AB - Type A coronary-prone behaviour pattern exhibits many of the features of neurotic repetition compulsion. Thus, it is often maladaptive and tends to be compulsive, inflexible, irrational and ultimately non-satisfying. There is a notable similarity between the descriptions of Type A individuals in the behavioural literature and narcissistic individuals in the psychoanalytic literature. It is postulated that Type A individuals may have a deficient self-representation. This psychodynamic formulation of Type A as a variant of pathological narcissism has implications for assessment, prevention and management. In particular, it may help discriminate a sub-group of high achievers who are neurotically motivated and have abnormally high arousal. Only this sub-group may be at increased risk of coronary pathology. PMID- 3476105 TI - The place of crisis intervention in psychiatry. AB - This paper examines the concept of crisis intervention and its relevance to psychiatric practice. Crisis theory originated in relation to healthy subjects disturbed by major life hazards. Its application, however, has been widened in an uncritical manner to include patients with psychiatric disorders. To what extent crisis theory and intervention can be applied is discussed and relevant research on the outcome of their use in a variety of settings reviewed. It is concluded that although crisis theory cannot be transplanted in its entirety into psychiatry, modified versions might prove useful. The role of crisis in inducing behaviour change in a variety of psychiatric settings and the ways in which this might be harnessed are of considerable interest and worthy of careful investigation. PMID- 3476106 TI - Is suicide predictable? PMID- 3476107 TI - Bipolar affective disorder in adolescence: a 10-year study. AB - A descriptive study of bipolar affective disorder in adolescent patients, conducted over a 10-year period, is presented. The diagnosis of 30 subjects referred to an adolescent treatment facility of a major teaching hospital was reviewed using DSM-III criteria, and antecedent symptomatology and signs were documented. Common diagnostic features included schizophreniform phenomenology, motoric and vegetative changes, suicidal and inappropriate sexual behaviour and a stormy first year of illness. A positive family history was frequently noted, as was the relevance of various forms of loss as a precipitant of the first episode. Timely recognition and multidisciplinary management, including the use of lithium, are discussed. It appears that the prognosis of bipolar affective disorder in adolescence is better than was previously believed, probably as a result of earlier diagnosis and more frequent recognition. PMID- 3476108 TI - The treatment of bulimia nervosa. AB - We review treatment approaches to bulimia nervosa, with particular emphasis on methodology and research design. The following treatments are considered: behaviour therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, pharmacological treatment, group therapy, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, self-help and support groups, hypnosis and miscellaneous (family therapy and nutritional approaches). Several directions for future research and methodological recommendations are suggested. PMID- 3476109 TI - Is suicidal ideation associated with puberty? AB - Chronological age, rather than puberty, was associated with suicidal ideation in both sexes in a sample of 1,060 children and adolescents aged nine to fourteen years who were referred to a child psychiatry service in Perth, Western Australia. PMID- 3476110 TI - Parenting and schizophrenia: an Australian study of expressed emotion. AB - Parents of 66 schizophrenic Sydney patients were interviewed using the abbreviated Camberwell Family Interview (CFI). Using pre-established criteria, 71% of the mothers, 58% of the fathers and 74% of the households were categorised as being of high expressed emotion (EE) status. Comparison is made with published data on the CFI and on EE categorisation for similar groups studied in England, the United States and India. The Sydney families were described as 'vocal, ambitious and aggressive', and EE scale scores more resembled the Los Angeles families than the British families originally studied. A number of factors influencing high EE categorisation (e.g., family intactness, socio-demographic variables) are noted. PMID- 3476111 TI - Psychiatric symptoms, social disablement and illness behaviour. AB - In this paper we investigate the relationship between social performance and the use of medical services, and to what extent this is independent of clinical disorder. In a sample of adults living in Camberwell, South London, social disability and clinical disorder were both predictive of service use. Those subjects who were admitted to psychiatric day-patient or inpatient facilities were found to show the highest levels of both types of impairment, followed by psychiatric outpatients. People who had seen their general practitioner because of their 'nerves' were less impaired than those in touch with the specialist psychiatric services but had significantly poorer social performance and a higher level of clinical disorder than people not in contact with medical services at all. When the severity of clinical disorder was controlled, however, levels of social performance no longer discriminated between the different groups of service users, except that psychiatric outpatients remained significantly more socially disabled than the general practice group. PMID- 3476112 TI - Sources of unreliability of DSM-III Axis IV. AB - Lists of stressors recorded for 159 adolescents and rated by two judges showed poor agreement on stressor identification but good concordance for the most severe stressor identified for each patient. Good agreement was also found for a short checklist of chronic stressors. When individual stressors were rated by four judges for 27 patients, global Axis IV ratings were largely determined by the rating of the most severe event. Those results suggest that Axis IV can be made more reliable and easier to use by concentrating on the identification of severe events. PMID- 3476113 TI - Can localised brain impairment be simulated on neuropsychological test profiles? AB - We asked 28 registered nurses with varying degrees of experience in working with neurological and neurosurgical patients to fake results on 10 neuropsychological tests in such a way as to be congruent with a history of trauma to the left fronto-temporal cortex. We compared these data to those obtained from 21 patients who had been referred with verified cerebral injury and who had a diagnosis of left fronto-temporal dysfunction. The overall hit rate of classification for the two groups was 85.7% and 89.8%, depending on the way in which test scores were combined. Results showed that a knowledgeable group of informed fakers had great difficulty reproducing the test performance of individuals with left fronto temporal impairment. PMID- 3476114 TI - Alcoholism and psychiatric disorder. AB - Over the past 50 years the relationship between alcoholism and psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia, has been the subject of a great deal of research. Psychiatric problems have been seen as both a cause and a result of alcoholism. Whatever the relation between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder is, it may have significance for the development of differentially effective treatment strategies. Several authors have argued that the presence and nature of psychiatric symptoms should form the basis of a classification system for alcoholics. Given the potential rewards of such a system for both understanding the aetiology of alcoholism and developing effective treatment strategies, it is important to have a clear picture of the nature and extent of this relationship. This paper reviews critically the published studies of the association between alcoholism and psychiatric disorder and outlines directions for future research. PMID- 3476115 TI - A c-ras-Ki oncogene is activated, amplified and overexpressed in a human osteosarcoma cell line. AB - We present a characterization of an activated oncogene which we found to be present in DNA of the OHA osteosarcoma cell line. We identify this tumor oncogene which transforms Swiss mouse 3T3-cells, with c-ras-Ki 2, one of two known members of the Kirsten ras family of human proto-oncogenes. Its structural outlines are given and we show that: 1) a single point mutation causing a substitution of valine for glycine in codon 12 was found by DNA sequencing; 2) the c-ras-Ki gene is amplified and overexpressed in the original OHA tumor cells and its transformants and 3) the gene product is an abnormal form of the p21 protein. PMID- 3476117 TI - Induction of acetylated low density lipoprotein receptor and suppression of low density lipoprotein receptor on the cells of human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1 cell). AB - THP-1 cells, a human cell line established from acute monocytic leukemia cells, degraded native human low density lipoprotein (LDL) through a LDL-specific pathway, but had no ability to degrade acetylated LDL. When the cells were treated with 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to differentiate into the macrophage-like stage, those acquired the ability to degrade acetylated LDL through its specific pathway and lost the ability to degrade native LDL. Degradation of acetylated LDL by the differentiated cells was not reduced by preincubation with either acetylated LDL or native LDL. PMID- 3476116 TI - TPA induces subcellular translocation and subsequent down-regulation of both phorbol ester binding and protein kinase C activities in MCF-7 cells. AB - Phorbol ester TPA has been previously shown to induce a rapid translocation, followed by a progressive decline of protein kinase C activity in MCF-7 cells (J.M. Darbon et al, 1986, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 137: 1159-1166). We show now a parallel TPA-induced movement of phorbol ester binding sites from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction with no change in the binding affinities for the (3H) PDBu probe (KD congruent to 2 nM). The subcellular redistribution process is followed by a rapid decrease of the phorbol ester binding capacity at the membrane level. The concomitant decline in both phorbol ester binding and protein kinase C activities that we observed during the course of TPA treatment strongly argues for a real down-regulation of the enzyme in phorbol ester-treated MCF-7 cells. The molecular mechanisms of these events and their relations to the inhibition of cell growth remain to be clarified. PMID- 3476118 TI - Inhibition of constriction of cerebral arterioles in vivo by naftidrofuryl. Action against serotonin and dinoprost. AB - The effect of 2-(diethylamino) ethyl-tetrahydro-alpha-(1-naphthyl-methyl)-2 furanpropionate (naftidrofuryl, Praxilene) on an in vivo preparation of mouse cerebral blood vessels was investigated. Naftidrofuryl significantly reduced the arteriolar constriction produced by topical application of serotonin or dinoprost (prostaglandin F2 alpha). Local application of 10(-5) mol/l naftidrofuryl reduced both the constrictions to serotonin or dinoprost, when applied simultaneously with either constrictor. However, 10(-7) mol/l naftidrofuryl only inhibited serotonin. Moreover, 30 min after intraperitoneal injection, 160 mg/kg naftidrofuryl inhibited constrictions by either serotonin or dinoprost but 40 mg/kg only inhibited serotonin. 10 mg/kg also inhibited serotonin. The results are compatible with reports of a relatively selective action of naftidrofuryl on the serotonin S2 receptor. Moreover, while naftidrofuryl has long been suggested as a drug which could enhance cerebral blood flow or improve cerebral ischemia, the present observations suggest an antispasmodic effect on cerebral vessels in vivo. PMID- 3476119 TI - [Ultrasound for the preparation of the canal]. PMID- 3476120 TI - [Post-traumatic and intentional reimplantation]. PMID- 3476121 TI - [Morphology of a liner for posteriors]. PMID- 3476122 TI - [A system for the central bearing point]. PMID- 3476123 TI - [Protection of the mucosa]. PMID- 3476124 TI - [For specialized macro equipment]. PMID- 3476125 TI - [The arch of mesialization]. PMID- 3476126 TI - Anorexia and cachexia. PMID- 3476127 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus: the eighth gene. AB - Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) has been shown to contain at least four extra genes in addition to the three essential genes (gag, pol, env) for replication of most retroviruses. These genes are expressed by complex splicing mechanisms and utilization of overlapping reading frames. We now demonstrate that there is an eighth gene which encodes a protein which is immunogenic and recognized by sera of some HTLV-III seropositive people. The gene is highly conserved among all known HTLV-III isolates and exhibits a polymorphism at the 3' end which distinguishes several molecular clones of the HTLV-IIIB cell line from those of other HTLV-III/LAV isolates. The function of this gene is unknown. PMID- 3476129 TI - '"Universal Plus" pliers'. PMID- 3476128 TI - 'President's address to the General Dental Council'. PMID- 3476130 TI - 'Toxicity to the pulp of a glass-ionomer cement'. PMID- 3476131 TI - 'Who should do orthodontics?'. PMID- 3476132 TI - Acid drinks and tooth erosion. PMID- 3476133 TI - Early enamel erosion in children associated with the excessive consumption of citric acid. PMID- 3476134 TI - Epulides: a clinicopathological study of a series of 200 consecutive lesions. PMID- 3476135 TI - Unusual presentation of a case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 3476136 TI - The London Hospital Medical College Dental School research profile. PMID- 3476137 TI - Auxiliary dental worker regulations. PMID- 3476138 TI - New guidelines for B/TEC diploma. PMID- 3476139 TI - 'Gingival ulcer as an initial manifestation of gonococcal stomatitis'. PMID- 3476140 TI - Rubber dam and cross-infection. PMID- 3476141 TI - Spare part surgery. PMID- 3476142 TI - Inhalational sedation with isoflurane: an alternative to nitrous oxide sedation in dentistry. PMID- 3476143 TI - Selective localisation of two radiolabelled anti-sarcoma monoclonal antibodies in human osteosarcoma xenografts. AB - Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), TP-1 and TP-3, previously shown in immunohistochemical studies to react with osteosarcomas, were labelled with 125I or 131I and evaluated for their ability to localise to human osteogenic sarcoma xenografts after intravenous injection. The radiolabelled TP-1 and TP-3 MoAbs had immunoreactive fractions of 70% and 67%, respectively, and bound to target cells with binding constants of 8.5 X 10(8) M-1 and 4.0 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. After injection of labelled TP-3 IgG, approximately 16% of the dose X g-1 tissue was found in the tumour after 24 hours. Maximum tumour/blood radioactivity ratios of 6-7 were achieved 3-4 days after antibody injection, while the ratios for the normal tissues were less than 1. The tumours could be clearly visualised by whole body gamma scintigraphy without the need for subtraction techniques. The TP-1 IgG accumulated to a large extent also in the spleen. Hence, with this antibody the tumour was less well delineated from the adjacent normal tissues. However, the F(ab')2 fragments, derived from the TP-1 IgG, gave tumour/blood ratios up to approximately 40 after 3-4 days and yielded sharp gamma scintigrams of the tumour. Specificity of the antibody localisation was indicated by the lack of accumulation in a contralateral melanoma xenograft and the failure of 2 isotype matched irrelevant MoAbs to localise to the sarcomas. With the F(ab')2 fragments satisfactory images could be obtained already after 16 hours. The results suggest that this preparation may be useful in clinical radioimmunodetection of osteogenic sarcomas. PMID- 3476144 TI - Prognostic factors and survival in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). AB - Ninety-seven cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were examined retrospectively for survival and possible prognostic factors including age, total white cell count, peripheral blood and bone marrow monocyte counts, % double esterase (DE) positive cells in bone marrow and serum lysozyme. Age, absolute monocyte counts and serum lysozyme proved to be significant independent prognostic indicators but Cox model analyses showed serum lysozyme to be the most important factor whether taken as a continuous or discrete (two groups) variable. Twelve cases of second malignancy were found, including 2 cases of multiple myeloma, but this was not significantly greater than expected when compared with an age and sex matched group. PMID- 3476145 TI - Serum neuron-specific enolase in children's cancer. AB - To test its diagnostic potential and sensitivity in paediatric malignancy, serum NSE was measured at diagnosis in 191 children with solid tumours and 25 with acute leukaemia. In stages I + II, III + IV and IVs neuroblastoma median levels were 18.0, 91.0 and 24.0 ng ml-1 respectively. For Wilms' patients, median values for stages I, II, III and IV disease were 16.6, 18.0, 29.0 and 47.0 ng ml-1 respectively. High levels of NSE were also found in patients with other types of tumour. Children in clinical remission after treatment for neuroblastoma invariably had normal NSE levels (mean +/- s.d. = 9.2 +/- 3.0 ng ml-1) even though the majority had radiologically identifiable residual disease. The values rose when relapse was radiologically or clinically obvious. We conclude (a) that, though levels of greater than 100 ng ml-1 are highly suggestive of advanced neuroblastoma, caution should be exercised in using serum NSE as a diagnostic test in children with cancer and (b) that serum NSE levels are not a sensitive index of residual neuroblastoma in patients, with initially elevated levels, that are receiving treatment. PMID- 3476146 TI - The significance of learned food aversions in the aetiology of anorexia associated with cancer. AB - The results of 24 h food preference tests have suggested that learned food aversions may be involved in the development of anorexia in tumour bearing rats and in patients with cancer. We have performed similar tests over longer periods, up to 10 days, in male rats implanted with Leydig cell tumours, using semisynthetic diets containing differing proportions of fat, protein and carbohydrate. Tumour growth caused anorexia (16-30% decrease in food intake) and cachexia (78% decrease in body fat and 18% decrease in body protein, but 16% increase in body water). Both tumour bearing and control rats preferred a high carbohydrate diet to a high fat diet regardless of their previous diet: tumour bearing rats showed no evidence of a learned food aversion in these experiments. Tumour bearing rats did show an initial preference for a novel high protein diet when this was offered as an alternative to the normal protein diet they had previously been consuming, but this apparent learned food aversion disappeared on the second day of the test and was in fact reversed on all the subsequent days of the test. However, tumour bearing rats did show a sustained preference for a novel low protein diet when this was offered as an alternative to the normal protein diet they had previously been consuming. These results suggest that anorexia in the tumour bearing rats was not caused by a learned food aversion. However the results do indicate that the tumour bearing rats may have developed a specific aversion to protein in the diet. Leydig cell tumours are known to secrete large amounts of oestradiol. However injections of oestradiol in normal male rats caused an increase in body fat content and had no effect on the rats' preference for dietary protein. Clearly hypersecretion of oestradiol was not responsible for the loss of body fat, the fluid retention and the aversion to dietary protein which characterised the tumour bearing rats. The mechanisms by which tumour growth causes anorexia and cachexia in these rats remains obscure. PMID- 3476147 TI - No association between HLA antigens and adenocarcinoma of the lung in non-smoking Chinese women in Hong Kong. AB - A high incidence rate of lung cancer with preponderance of adenocarcinoma in non smokers has been reported in women of southern Chinese ethnic origin. Thirty three southern Chinese female patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, all lifelong non-smokers, were typed for HLA-A and B antigens to study the possibility of genetically determined susceptibility factors. The antigen frequencies were compared with those of 110 healthy controls. No significant difference in antigen frequencies was found in the patients compared with controls. Studies on other possible factors determining susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese women are necessary. PMID- 3476149 TI - Ph-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - An analysis of five patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) negative chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) revealed that two were clinically and haematologically identical to Ph-positive CML whereas three should be reclassified as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). At a molecular level the first two patients showed the same juxtaposition of c-abl and bcr genes as is seen in Ph-positive CML. These genomic changes were not seen in the other three patients. Observations on these five patients suggest that the clinical course and prognosis of the rare patient who carries the Ph 'molecular defect' but lacks the Philadelphia chromosome is no different from Ph-positive CML. PMID- 3476148 TI - Ultrastructural and phenotypic changes in Langerhans cells induced in vitro by contact allergens. AB - Ultrastructural changes of murine Langerhans cells (LC) were examined following exposure of crude epidermal cell suspensions to the contact allergens dinitrochlorobenzene, nickel sulphate and lead nitrate at various concentrations and for various incubation times. An immunogold labelling technique was employed to study changes in surface expression of MHC Class II (Ia) molecules. In all cases, activation of LC was evident after as little as 15 min exposure and was characterized by a marked increase in surface expression of Ia molecules, prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes and lysosomes. Degenerative changes in LC were apparent to varying degrees depending on the allergen, its concentration and the time of incubation. Degenerative changes included swollen mitochondria, membrane disruption or rupture, loss of density of the cytoplasm (cytolysis), loss of dendritic processes and decreased expression of Ia molecules. In the case of dinitrochlorobenzene, degenerative changes were present and usually severe at concentrations greater than 10 micrograms/ml, while exposure to nickel sulphate and lead nitrate was associated with only mild degenerative changes. These observations indicate that contact allergens have a variety of direct effects on LC, including activation and degeneration, which are dose- and time-dependent. Since these alterations of LC were observed in the absence of other immunologically active cells, peripolesis cannot be involved in these events. PMID- 3476150 TI - A new specific chromosomal rearrangement, t(8;16) (p11;p13), in acute monocytic leukaemia. AB - The translocation t(8;16) (p11;p13) was found as the sole deviation from the normal karyotype in three patients with acute monocytic leukaemia. The bone marrow morphology was strikingly similar in the two cases where smears were available for re-evaluation: the leukaemic cells showed signs of differentiation, and active erythrophagocytosis was a particularly conspicuous feature. We suggest that t(8;16) (p11;p13) represents a new consistent abnormality in acute monocytic leukaemia, specifically associated with the differentiated subtype (M5b) and with pronounced phagocytic activity by the leukaemic monocytes. PMID- 3476151 TI - The primordial cyst (odontogenic keratocyst): its tumour-like characteristics and behaviour. AB - The clinical behaviour of primordial cysts frequently mimics that of benign tumours. They are characterised by aggressive growth and a tendency to recur following surgical treatment. Displacement of teeth, resorption of the roots of teeth, 'seeding' of the cyst into soft tissue and pathological fracture of the mandible exemplify this behaviour. These features are described and fully illustrated by examples from a series of 60 cases. The results of various surgical procedures are evaluated. PMID- 3476152 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mandibular keratocyst in a patient with Gorlin's syndrome. AB - The exceptionally rare occurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma arising in a keratocyst in a patient with Gorlin's syndrome is presented. The role of radiotherapy in the aetiology of the squamous cell carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 3476154 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials to electrical stimulation of the mental nerve. AB - A clinical test to elicit somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) to electrical (current) stimulation of the mental nerve, is described. Control data from 22 normal individuals were obtained which showed that in the initial 100 ms following the stimulus, SEPs with four positive components and five negative components could consistently be recorded. SEPs from three patients with trigeminal sensory symptoms were also elicited and these showed abnormal potentials in two cases with traumatised inferior dental and mental nerves, and normal potentials in the third case with subjective evidence of mental anaesthesia. PMID- 3476153 TI - Psychological factors influencing post-operative pain and analgesic consumption. AB - The personality factors, post-operative pain experience and analgesic requirements after minor oral surgery under general anaesthesia of 103 patients are presented. Psychiatric morbidity, neuroticism and anxiety were related to increased pain which tended to persist longer than normal. Trait anxiety also correlated with simple analgesic consumption, and neuroticism was weakly associated with Omnopon requirements. Thus, regular analgesics prescribed for at least 3 days will anticipate the needs of such patients. Despite higher levels of anxiety and neuroticism, women did not complain of more pain or require more analgesia than men in this study. There was also no overall correlation between post-operative pain experience and analgesic requirements. Therefore analgesic tablet consumption cannot be used as a measure of pain control. PMID- 3476155 TI - Applications of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEPs) in oral and maxillofacial surgery. AB - The initial results of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEPs) which were recorded in 17 patients, age range 16-64 years, presenting with established unilateral sensory impairment to the face or oral cavity, are described. Nerve potentials were evoked by stimulation of the normal healthy side and compared with those recorded from the side with disturbed sensation. The recorded waveforms allowed identification of a prominent sequence of events. Significant increases in the latencies compared to the events previously determined in normal subjects at 20, 30 and 39 msec. were found, and considered to be associated with clinical sensory impairment. PMID- 3476156 TI - An unusual case of necrotising fasciitis. AB - A case of subcutaneous necrotising ulceration presenting on the chest wall following a dental abscess is described. The course, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and successful outcome of the case are annotated. The bacteriological findings in this and other cases presenting similarly are discussed, and the possible implication of bacteroides species, alone or in conjunction with Str. milleri, as an aetiological factor in this condition is discussed. PMID- 3476157 TI - Osteomyelitis of the mandible in metastatic staphylococcal infection. AB - A case of osteomyelitis of the mandible of haematogenous origin is presented. The possible causes for such a fulminant infection are discussed, including the circumstantial evidence for the possible role of anaerobes in the infection. PMID- 3476158 TI - An unusual parotid foreign body presenting as recurrent trismus. AB - A case is reported of a foreign body in the left parotid gland, which presented in an unusual manner following a trivial injury and posed a difficult diagnostic problem, trismus being the most prominent clinical feature. The importance of having a high index of suspicion for retained foreign bodies is stressed. PMID- 3476159 TI - A case of thalassaemia major with gross dental and jaw deformities. AB - A patient is presented who developed a gross maxillary deformity resulting from thalassaemia major. An outline of the general condition is presented and the operative measures used to correct this particular case are described. It is interesting to note that although this was done in rather primitive conditions, the patient achieved a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result. PMID- 3476160 TI - Protein engineering of subtilisin BPN': enhanced stabilization through the introduction of two cysteines to form a disulfide bond. AB - Introduction of a disulfide bond by site-directed mutagenesis was found to enhance the stability of subtilisin BPN' (EC 3.4.21.14) under a variety of conditions. The location of the new disulfide bond was selected with the aid of a computer program, which scored various sites according to the amount of distortion that an introduced disulfide linkage would create in a 1.3-A X-ray model of native subtilisin BPN'. Of the several amino acid pairs identified by this program as suitable candidates, Thr-22 and Ser-87 were selected by using the additional requirement that the individual cysteine substitutions occur at positions that exhibit some degree of variability in related subtilisin amino acid sequences. A subtilisin variant containing cysteine residues at positions 22 and 87 was created by site-directed mutagenesis and was shown to have an activity essentially equivalent to that of the wild-type enzyme. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments demonstrated the variant protein to have a melting temperature 3.1 degrees C higher than that of the wild-type protein and 5.8 degrees C higher than that of the reduced form (-SH HS-) of the variant protein. Kinetic experiments performed under a variety of conditions, including 8 M urea, showed that the Cys-22/Cys-87 disulfide variant undergoes thermal inactivation at half the rate of that of the wild-type enzyme. The increased thermal stability of this disulfide variant is consistent with a decrease in entropy for the unfolded state relative to the unfolded state that contains no cross-link, as would be predicted from the statistical thermodynamics of polymers. PMID- 3476161 TI - Characteristics and behavior during partial purification of estrogen sulfotransferase of guinea pig liver and chorion. AB - Some characteristics of estrogen sulfotransferases from guinea pig liver and chorion were compared. Liver cytosolic activity was stimulated 10-fold by 25 mM monothiolglycerol and 2-fold by 15 mM MgCl2 or CaCl2, similar to that found previously for chorion. Liver and chorion activities were each eluted as a single peak from fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) gel filtration columns at apparent molecular weights of 52,300 and 50,000, respectively. Each was eluted during FPLC anion exchange under single, wide peaks with low recoveries. Liver sulfotransferase activity was eluted from Affi-gel Blue columns in the form of several peaks whereas the chorion activity behaved as a single species. The enzymes from both tissues, when partially purified by gel filtration followed by anion exchange, acted upon estrone and estradiol at the 3-position but activity toward dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone was minimal or undetectable. Affi gel Blue chromatography followed by FPLC gel filtration resulted in increases in specific activity of 26- and 90-fold for liver and chorion, respectively. Both enzymes were eluted from agarose-hexane-adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate (PAP-agarose) columns as single peaks. Average increases in specific activity for this column step were 40-fold and 96-fold for the entire eluted peaks of liver and chorion enzyme, respectively. Individual fractions from the PAP-agarose column indicated a specific activity increase of as much as 60-fold for liver and 208-fold for chorion. These latter were markedly unstable and it was not possible to obtain further purification by additional steps. Velocity versus substrate concentration curves for the partially purified enzymes showed complex kinetics, particularly with estradiol as substrate. PMID- 3476163 TI - Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). PMID- 3476162 TI - [CA 19-9 in early cancers of the bronchi. Comparison with the carcinoembryogenic antigen]. AB - CA 19-9 (monosialoganglioside) isolated from adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract can be measured in biological fluids using a monoclonal antibody assay. A radioimmunometric assay kit produced by ORIS Industrie has been used to measure the serum level of CA 19-9 in lung cancer and the results have been compared to that of carcinoembryonic antigen. The combination of the 2 markers increase by 10% the number of subjects with a raised marker. There is no significant relationship between the levels of CA 19-9, the type of tumour or the tumour stage. The recognition of the sialic acid as an epitope by the monoclonal antibody appears to be responsible for the false positive results in non malignant lung disease. PMID- 3476164 TI - A delta-globin gene derived from patients with homozygous delta zero-thalassemia functions normally on transient expression in heterologous cells. AB - Three Japanese individuals with homozygous delta zero-thalassemia from different families were the subjects of molecular genetic analysis. They were homozygous for seven polymorphic sites in the beta-globin gene cluster. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the delta-globin gene cloned from each patient revealed a single nucleotide substitution (T-C) 77 base pairs 5' to the cap site, just upstream of the CCAAC box of the delta-globin gene. When introduced into COS cells, the gene was expressed at normal levels with proper processing of RNA. These results suggest that the complete suppression of delta-globin chain synthesis in these patients is not due to a defective promoter, a defective RNA processing or a chain terminator mutation, but rather to impaired regulation of gene expression specific to erythroid cells. The region around the CCAAC box may have a significant role in expression of the delta-globin gene in erythroid cells. PMID- 3476166 TI - Prophylactic heparin in APL. PMID- 3476165 TI - Regulation of transferrin receptor expression in myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Surface transferrin (Tf) receptors are displayed by cultured human hematopoietic cells and provide Fe required for cell growth. Cell cycle status, cell density in culture, exposure to Fe, and differentiation alter Tf receptor display by myeloid leukemia cells. To investigate mechanisms controlling Tf receptor expression, rates of receptor synthesis and steady-state mRNA levels were measured in HL60 promyelocytic cells grown in serum and serum-free media or after differentiation in response to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Although surface binding sites were unchanged during the first three days in culture with serum or in serum-free media containing Tf, by the third day, rates of receptor biosynthesis and steady state mRNA levels declined, consistent with cell density-dependent, receptor regulation. Cells grown with soluble Fe instead of Tf showed reduced Tf binding sites, rates of receptor synthesis, and Tf receptor mRNA. When cells grown with Fe were subcultured, Tf receptor mRNA levels increased within 15 minutes and peaked by 24 hours. This was followed by a decline in receptor and gene expression so that by three days cells grown in the presence of Fe expressed approximately four times fewer receptors and had half the rates of Tf receptor synthesis and mRNA levels of cells grown in serum or Tf. Cells treated with DMSO showed a rapid decline in surface receptors, receptor synthesis, and steady-state mRNA levels. Modulation of Tf receptor expression was not due to redistribution between the cell surface and an internal receptor pool. In each instance, concurrent assessment of N-ras transcripts showed that changes in Tf receptor mRNA levels were not due to generalized alterations in protein synthesis. Exposure of cells grown in Fe or treated with DMSO to cycloheximide did not alter Tf receptor mRNA levels, thereby suggesting that receptor expression was not regulated by posttranscriptional processes dependent on protein synthesis. Actinomycin D inhibition of Tf receptor mRNA was compatible with a transcript half-life of approximately 2.2 hours. Nuclear transcription studies showed reduced rates of Tf receptor transcription after culture with Fe or exposure to DMSO. The present studies show complex patterns of Tf receptor gene regulation in cultured myeloid leukemia cells and demonstrate that transcriptional regulation is a major mechanism controlling Tf receptor gene expression in response to Fe and differentiation. PMID- 3476167 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia: a clinicopathological reappraisal. AB - A series of 300 cases of chronic B-cell leukemia was studied in relation to clinical and laboratory features, and three groups were identified on the basis of the percentage of circulating prolymphocytes (%PROL): typical CLL less than or equal to 10% PROL, 174 cases; PLL greater than 55% PROL, 42 cases; and an intermediate group CLL/PL (11%-55% PROL), 84 cases. Some features of the CLL/PL group resemble those of PLL, such as a disproportionate splenomegaly in relation to the degree of lymphnode involvement. However, membrane markers suggested a closer affinity of CLL/PL with CLL [high percentage of M rosettes, expression of the P67 (T1) antigen, and low reactivity with the McAb FMC7], although high density SmIg was found in one-third of CLL/PL, as well as in the majority of the PLL cases. Cells volume measurements demonstrated that the prolymphocytes of both PLL and CLL/PL are significantly larger than the homogeneous population of small lymphocytes of typical CLL. Followup studies of the PB picture in CLL and CLL/PL showed that the majority of patients maintain a relatively stable percentage of PROL, but a progressive prolymphocytoid transformation to a PLL-like disease may occur in some cases. On univariate analysis of survival, seven features of disease had a high prognostic values for the whole group of patients: %PROL, absolute number of PROL (ABS PROL), WBC, spleen size, M rosettes, SmIg intensity, and age. However, only ABS PROL (greater than 15 X 10(9)/l) and spleen size (greater than 8 cm) were shown to be independent prognostic features on a multivariate regression analysis. The median survival time of patients with PLL (3 years) was significantly shorter than the median of 8 years for patients with CLL. Within the heterogeneous CLL/PL group, patients with ABS PROL greater than 15 X 10(9)/l (two-thirds) had a median survival time as bad as for PLL patients, whereas the median has not been reached for those with ABS PROL less than 15 X 10(9)/l. PMID- 3476168 TI - Phenotypic modulation of chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic, and lymphoplasmacytic leukemia cells by TPA: induction of TRAP isoenzyme 5 and HD6 (CD22) antigen and enhancement of IgM messenger RNA. AB - B-cell neoplasias such as CLL can be viewed as models of monoclonal populations restricted within discrete ranges of B-cell maturation. It is unknown whether other B-cell leukemias such as prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma (IC), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) involve different B lineages or are malignant variants of B cells in successive stages of development along the same lineage. Therefore in vitro maturation was induced with the phorbol ester TPA in leukemic cell samples from 10 CLL, 4 PLL, and 4 IC patients. Morphologically, both plasmacytic and hairy cell-like phenomena were induced. The latter unexpected finding was confirmed by reaction with HD6 (CD22) antibody which stains HCL but is unreactive with plasma cells, multiple myeloma, and CLL cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was demonstrated in TPA-cultured CLL, PLL, and IC cells, and the same isoenzyme band as in HCL was revealed by isoelectrofocusing. On the other hand, an increase of IgM messenger RNA was detected in up to 20% of the cells in CLL cultures by single-cell in situ hybridization with fluoro-chrome-labeled DNA probes. An abundance of IgM messenger RNA characterizes lymphoplasmacytoid cells as found in IC. Our data demonstrate that CLL, PLL, and IC can be induced to realize a common genetic program which bears characteristics of HCL indicating that these four entities are more closely related than previously thought. PMID- 3476169 TI - Child psychiatry: past present and future. PMID- 3476171 TI - The child psychiatrist in the community. PMID- 3476170 TI - Research (as a career) in child and adolescent psychiatry. PMID- 3476172 TI - Prescription for private practice. PMID- 3476173 TI - Consultation/liaison psychiatry. PMID- 3476174 TI - Statement and resolution regarding proposed revision of Food and Drug Administration regulations concerning disease related health claims on labels. Committee on Public Health [corrected]. PMID- 3476175 TI - Statement on the care of the terminally ill. Joint Subcommittee on the Care of Patients with Terminal Illness. Committee on Public Health and the Committee on Medicine in Society. PMID- 3476176 TI - The prediction of the relative toxicities of radium 224 and of radium 226 in the bones of mice using Monte Carlo techniques. AB - Toxicity studies using rodents have shown that the long-lived radium isotope radium 226 is about six times less toxic per unit of absorbed radiation dose to the skeleton than the short-lived isotope radium 224 with respect to the production of osteosarcoma. This difference in toxicity has been attributed to differences in the distribution of these isotopes. It has been suggested that 224Ra is more toxic than 226Ra because it decays on bone surfaces rather than within the volume of the bone mineral. However, in rodents many bone structures are small compared with the track length of the alpha particles and this explanation may be inadequate to explain the magnitude of the observed effect. Consequently, Monte Carlo calculations have been made to test the validity of the distribution-difference hypothesis. The results indicate that, for bone structures the size of those in mice, less than half of the observed difference in toxicity can be explained by considerations of the distribution of these radionuclides with respect to bone surfaces. Instead, it is suggested that the greater irradiation of trabecular than of cortical bone that is a characteristic of 224Ra is responsible for its enhanced toxicity. PMID- 3476178 TI - Hyperphagia and obesity in rats with bilateral ibotenic acid-induced lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. AB - Macro-electrophoretic applications of the cellular neurotoxin ibotenic acid into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) resulted in hyperphagia and obesity in male rats. Histological examination showed a reduction in the number of neuronal VMH cell bodies with glial proliferation without evidence of non specific damage. This supports the hypothesis that hyperphagia and obesity after VMH lesions are related to destruction of neurons intrinsic to the VMH. PMID- 3476177 TI - Localization of brain angiotensinogen mRNA by hybridization histochemistry. AB - The topographical distribution of rat brain angiotensinogen (Ao) mRNA was determined using hybridization histochemistry (in situ hybridization) with two different hybridization probes, a 32P-labelled 42 residue oligonucleotide and a full-length complementary (antisense) RNA labelled with either sulfur 35 or phosphorus 32. Low levels of Ao mRNA sequences were detected throughout the brain while high levels were restricted to specific areas often corresponding to classical nuclear boundaries. All areas in which angiotensin II-like immunoreactivity had been previously detected contained moderate to high levels of Ao mRNA and many previously undetected areas were also found to contain high levels of this mRNA. The results underline the ubiquitous presence of angiotensinogen-synthesizing cells in the brain and support previous evidence that the angiotensinogen gene could be expressed by several types of brain cells. PMID- 3476179 TI - Threshold dissociation of thermoregulatory effector responses in febrile rabbits. AB - When the core temperature stabilizes at a hyperthermic level after iv injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the threshold core temperature for cutaneous vasoconstriction (Thcv) is significantly increased in hot and neutral environments, while the threshold core temperature for shivering (Thsh) is not significantly altered in hot or cold environments but is significantly reduced at thermoneutrality. This type of dissociated threshold alterations of thermoregulatory effector responses seems to be typical for the febrile response of rabbits to LPS. Because the same threshold dissociation can be demonstrated after icv injection of LPS, the systemic and the central effects of LPS in the generation of fever seem to be mediated by identical mechanisms. Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE), one of the mediators considered as important in fever generation, cause parallel increases in Thcv and Thsh when injected icv. This indicates that the mode of action of PGE on the central targets producing hyperthermia differs from that of the ensemble of mediators involved in the generation of LPS fever in rabbits. In rabbits pretreated with aspirin, the threshold dissociation after iv LPS injection still occurs. This indicates that factors other than PGE play an important role in the generation of the threshold dissociation of thermoregulatory effector responses, which is typical for LPS fever. These data indicate also that the states of activity of the thermoregulatory effectors involved in the febrile responses can be altered individually and that the activities of these effectors during LPS fever are quite different from their activities in the control state. PMID- 3476180 TI - French registry of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Age distribution and hemogram analysis of the 4496 cases recorded during 1982-1983 and classified according to FAB criteria. Groupe Francais de Morphologie Hematologique. AB - During 1982 and 1983, 4496 new cases were recorded in the French Registry of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes by the French Group of Hematologic Morphology. This cooperative group associated members of 37 university centers spread throughout France; these centers handle the overwhelming majority of acute leukemias diagnoses. The cases were all classified according to FAB guidelines. Two thousand four hundred ninety-nine cases of acute myeloid leukemia were recorded, with similar total recruitment and distribution by cytologic subclass for both years. Hemogram data analysis revealed significant differences between different classes for certain parameters, particularly leukocytosis. A greater proportion of the acute myelogenous leukemias (AMLs) secondary to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (n = 145) were unclassifiable according to the French American-British (FAB) system than the de novo AMLs (n = 1954). Eight hundred twenty cases of myelodysplastic syndromes were analyzed. Their frequency was underestimated due to optional reporting during the first year and the less favorable position of the university centers for recruiting these syndromes. The characteristics of the hemograms were established for acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (n = 107), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) (n = 329), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 129) and RAEB in transformation (n = 65). Analysis of the 1177 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) recorded showed good stability from one year to the next in terms of numbers of cases and distribution in the subclasses L1, L2, and L3. The distribution among these three subclasses by age also was determined. For L1 and L2 the hemogram data were examined separately for adults and children. The study of 74 cases of type L3 ALL enabled us to detail the hematologic presentation of this rare form of leukemia. PMID- 3476181 TI - The neurotoxicity of high-dose cytosine arabinoside is age-related. AB - Fifteen patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were given a total of 17 courses of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The median age of the patients was 37 years. Four patients developed severe irreversible neurotoxicity, three developed mild to moderate, reversible neurotoxicity, whereas eight patients had no toxicity. Of five patients over the age of 55 years given high dose Ara-C, four developed severe, irreversible neurotoxicity, but there were no severe episodes in nine patients aged 55 years or less. (P less than 0.01). At a dose of 3 g/m2 given intravenously every 12 hours for 3 days, three cases of severe irreversible neurotoxicity were noted in elderly patients. Neurotoxicity at this total dose has previously been considered unusual. Administration of high dose Ara-C at total doses of 18 g/m2 and over carries a risk of severe irreversible cerebellar toxicity that increases with age. PMID- 3476182 TI - Late multifocal gliomas in adolescents previously treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Three of 37 adolescents in long-term remission from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developed malignant multifocal gliomas several years after completing treatment that included central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with radiation (RT) and intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX). No recurrence of the leukemia was evident when the CNS tumors were discovered. Seventeen other similar cases have been recorded. The occurrence of second malignancies is reviewed in the context of this development and of the oncogenic effects of radiation. It is probable that prolonged exposure to IT-MTX may have had a synergistic effect with radiation in contributing to the unusual incidence of glial tumors in these patients. PMID- 3476184 TI - Karyotype alterations in human ovarian carcinoma cells during long-term cultivation and nude mouse passage. AB - Cytogenetic analyses of the ovarian carcinoma line EFO-27 demonstrated a limited amount of chromosomal aberrations during long-term maintenance. Between passage 16 and 179 of the cultivation the karyotype shifted to a more homogeneous pattern of tetraploid cells, the occurrence of marker chromosomes mar1 [del(X)] and mar2 [t(X;2)], already present in low-passage cells, was stabilized and marker mar3 [del(9)] was added. After passage through the nude mouse, only near-tetraploid cells were preserved; mar1 to mar3 were abandoned and three additional marker chromosomes mar4 [t(4;9)], mar5 [t(8;9)], and mar6 [t(10;14)] were acquired. Marker 7, consisting of chromosome #16 with an amplified heterochromatic region was characteristically present in nearly all cells and passages of the cultivation. Pericentric variation of the heterochromatin position was found in chromosomes #9 with the exception of nude mouse tumor cells. Hetermorphism of chromosomes #9 and #16 appears to have a prominent role as structural aberration in EFO-27 cells. The results suggest the influence of in vitro and in vivo conditions acting as selection mechanisms concomitant with acquisition or loss of chromosomal markers. PMID- 3476183 TI - The detection of human pancreatic cancer-associated antigen in the serum of cancer patients. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) test for human pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (Span-1) was developed to evaluate the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal disorders. Serum Span-1 in normal subjects ranged from 5 to 275 U/ml, with a mean of 58.8 U/ml (+/- 58.7, standard deviation). All control subjects had levels of less than 400 U/ml. Study subjects, 93% with pancreatic cancer, 59% with hepatobiliary cancers, 23% with gastric cancers, and 13% with colonic cancers had serum Span-1 levels greater than 400 U/ml. Sensitivities of Span-1, CA 19-9, and Dupan-2 for pancreatic cancer were 94%, 85%, and 38% respectively. Span-1 in patients with Stage I pancreatic cancer showed a 50% positive rating but CA 19-9 and Dupan-2 showed only 0% and 25%. Although a positive rating of these three antibodies increased in advanced cases, Span-1 showed the highest positive rating. Span-1 reacted with colonic cancer tissues with Lewisa-b- phenotype. However, none of these tissues did not react against CA 19-9. From these results, Span-1 has a good predictive value for detecting pancreatic cancer compared with CA 19-9 and Dupan-2. PMID- 3476185 TI - DNA aneuploidy in adult acute leukemia. AB - Using flow cytometric techniques, we determined DNA ploidy levels in the bone marrow of 318 successive adult patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia. Overall, 26% exhibited DNA stem line abnormalities, usually with a 10%-15% DNA excess, regardless of morphologic diagnosis. DNA aneuploidy was seen most frequently in patients with a hyperdiploid chromosome number and karyotype instability (50%), but was also present in a third of patients with chromosomal translocations and in 20% of patients with a normal diploid karyotype. Thus, among 73 patients with DNA aneuploidy, quantitatively concordant karyotype abnormalities were observed in almost 40% of patients; the discrepancy between DNA content and chromosome number in the remaining patients may reflect differences in the cell cycle position of target cells in G1/0 phase or mitosis, respectively. Cytogenetics affected treatment outcome in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with more favorable short- and long-term prognosis among patients with translocations compared with those with numeric abnormalities. The presence of an abnormal DNA stem line, among AML patients with translocations, identified a favorable subgroup with significantly longer remission duration and survival (25 and 26 months versus 18 and 13 months, respectively). In addition, the prognostic implications of DNA aneuploidy in AML were age-dependent, in that favorable effects among patients with translocations and unfavorable effects among those with numeric abnormalities or diploid karyotypes were most obvious in young and not in older patients (greater than or equal to 40 years). In adults with ALL, DNA aneuploidy was associated with shorter survival (15 versus 39 months in the diploid group), an observation that is distinctly at variance with recent findings in childhood ALL. Our results indicated that DNA flow cytometry was complementary to standard cytogenetics for the detection of genomic abnormalities; and DNA aneuploidy emerged, like in children but not in adults with ALL, as a new favorable prognostic feature in a subgroup of adults with AML, the biologic basis of which remains to be determined. PMID- 3476186 TI - Translocation t(3;5)(q24;q32) in two acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. AB - A translocation t(3;5)(q24;q32) has been detected in two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), one with M2 and the other with M5. This translocation may be a new example of a nonrandom chromosome change in ANLL. PMID- 3476187 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of t(1;3)(p36;q21) in the disorders of hematopoiesis. AB - We describe a cytogenetic abnormality with important diagnostic and prognostic implications. The translocation t(1;3)(p36;q21) is an acquired chromosomal rearrangement associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, which have a high propensity for conversion to refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3476188 TI - Subtle abnormalities in the short arm of chromosome 11 in acute myeloid leukemia. AB - A series of four patients with small deletions of the short arm of chromosome #11 is presented. In two of these patients, deletion of 11p was the sole karyotypic abnormality. When compared with similar reported cases an association with FAB type M4 is apparent. Such cases may often be undocumented, because the deletions can be subtle. One patient with erythroleukemia shows an inversion of chromosome #11 involving band 11p15. Because the patients' fetal hemoglobin (HbF) became raised during the course of the disease, it is postulated that the hemoglobin beta chain gene at 11p15 may have been disrupted. PMID- 3476189 TI - Heterogeneity and balance of chromosomes in human cell line M-HeLa-76: analysis of 100 karyotypes. AB - The cell subline M-HeLa-76 with the modal chromosome number 49 was used to define the level of karyotypic variability. By means of a G-banding technique, 100 metaphase plates were analyzed. Among them, 11 different karyotypes were found to range from 2% to 34%. Most probable evolutionary pathways of cell karyotypes within the cell subline were demonstrated. Determination of the origin of all marker chromosomes (32 in all) and unique structural rearrangements (16) revealed a nonrandom distribution of chromosome breaks. These are primarily centromeric regions of chromosomes 3 and 5. Identification of the overall chromosome material in the cells of each karyotype via karyotype reconstruction showed their close similarity in spite of differences in the sets of normal and marker chromosomes. On the basis of reconstructed karyotypes (RK) of each cell group, a generalized reconstructed karyotype (GRK) of the cell line was obtained. This permitted the conclusion of a balanced chromosome set in a cell population as a whole and obligatory retention of diploidy in all chromosomes of a normal set. The role of variability and selection in the evolution of cell populations in vitro is discussed. PMID- 3476190 TI - Translocation t(4;11)(q35;p13) in an adrenocortical carcinoma. AB - Chromosome studies were performed on an adrenocortical carcinoma extending into the kidney. The following karyotype was present in all metaphases: 46,XX,t(4;11)(q35;p13). Two metaphases with an additional del(1)(q23) were found. The results are briefly discussed in relation to specific karyotypic changes in cancer, in general, and to those of adrenocortical tumors, in particular. PMID- 3476191 TI - Variant translocation t(15q;17q) accompanying a promyelocytic accelerated phase of Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - One case of Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia showed a high promyelocytic component associated with a variant t(15q-,17q+) translocation. A key role for chromosome #17 in the promyelocytic proliferation and/or differentiation is emphasized. PMID- 3476192 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of a child with malignant histiocytosis. AB - This report presents the results of cytogenetic analysis of a child with malignant histiocytosis. The analysis was carried out on slides obtained following short-term cultures of peripheral blood cells. The malignant cells had a deletion of the long arm of chromosome #7, 46,XX,del(7)(q22). PMID- 3476193 TI - Refractory anemia with monosomy 2 and a double minute chromosome. AB - We present a case of refractory anemia with monosomy 2 in the 41 cells of the bone marrow studied and a double minute chromosome (dmin) in 68% of these cells. The illness developed over a period of 3 years and the patient died of cerebral hemorrhage without developing leukemia. PMID- 3476194 TI - Increased frequencies of alpha-naphthoflavone induced sister chromatid exchanges in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Cultures of whole-blood were established from 12 children (mean age = 13.5 years) surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia (mean time of discontinued therapy = 4.5 years) and 10 age-matched controls were assessed for the level of baseline, alpha naphthoflavone (ANF) and methyl-methane-sulphonate (MMS) induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The average baseline levels of SCEs in the patient group (7.65) and in the control (6.72) were different at a statistical marginal level (P = 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the levels of MMS-induced SCEs between the two groups (P greater than 0.1). In contrast, highly significant differences (P = 0.003) were observed in the level of ANF-induced SCE-levels between the patients (10.78) and the controls (8.76). PMID- 3476195 TI - Erythroid differentiation and modulation of c-myc expression induced by antineoplastic drugs in the human leukemic cell line K562. AB - The human leukemia cell line K562 expresses constitutively high levels of c-myc mRNA and can be induced to differentiate along the erythroid lineage. Treatment of K562 cells with the antineoplastic drugs 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and daunomycin causes differentiation into hemoglobin-producing cells. The differentiation process is associated with an early block of cellular proliferation occurring during the first 24 h of treatment. RNA synthesis is progressively reduced to 20 to 30% of the control levels after 3 days of exposure to the drugs. Dot and Northern blot analyses were performed to evaluate the levels of c-myc or globin mRNA during the differentiation of K562. Daunomycin and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, despite their distinct chemical nature, induced similar modulation of mRNA levels. Globin mRNA did not change during the first 24 h of culture and began to increase after 48 h of treatment with drugs, reflecting the kinetic of appearance of hemoglobin-producing cells. In contrast, a transient decrease of c-myc mRNA was observed after the first 24 h of drug treatment, followed by a return to normal levels of c-myc mRNA after 48 h of treatment. Thus, the expression of c-myc mRNA in K562 did not reflect their proliferative activity nor their stage of differentiation. We speculate that the transient down-regulation of c-myc mRNA may be an initial event in the erythroid differentiation of K562. PMID- 3476196 TI - Altered regulation of c-myc in an HL-60 differentiation resistant subclone, HL-60 1E3. AB - HL-60 cells treated with phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) differentiate into cells which functionally and morphologically resemble macrophages (G. Rovera, D. Santoli, and D. Damskey, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75: 2779-2783, 1979; E. Huberman and M.F. Callahan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:1293-1298, 1979). This differentiation involves modulation of the expression of several cellular oncogenes. However, the significance of the temporal relationships between differentiation events and specific oncogene expression are not known. Others have reported that transcriptional down regulation of c-myc occurs early in the differentiation of HL-60 cells (R.D. Dalla-Favera et al., Haematol. Blood Transfusion, 28: 247-253, 1983; L.E. Grosso and H.C. Pitot, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 119: 473-480, 1984). To determine the significance of the regulation of c-myc during HL-60 maturation, we performed parallel PDBu induction studies analyzing the kinetics of expression of c-myc, cell cycle frequency distribution, cytotoxic effector activity, and clonogenic potential in HL-60 cells and in a partial differentiation resistant HL-60 clone (HL-60-1E3) (J. A. Leftwich, P. Carlson, B. Adelman, and R. E. Hall, Cancer Res., 47: 1319-1324, 1987). We report that PDBu stimulation results in early c-myc transcriptional down regulation in the HL-60 1E3 clone cells with the same kinetics as has been previously reported for HL-60 parental cells (R. D. Dalla-Favera et al., Haematol. Blood Transfusion, 28: 247 253, 1983; L. E. Grosso and H. C. Pitot, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 119: 473 480, 1984). However, reexpression of c-myc occurs 15 hours postinduction in HL-60 1E3 but not parental cells. This reexpression is maintained through 30 h of stimulation and correlates with a lack of terminal commitment as assessed by an increase in clonogenic potential and the inability of these cells to acquire cytotoxic function. Sequential stimulation of HL-60-1E3 cells with DMSO and PDBu overcomes the block in macrophage differentiation (J. A. Leftwich, P. Carlson, B. Adelman, and R. E. Hall, Cancer Res., 47; 1319-1324, 1987). Such treatment results in a transient reexpression of c-myc at 15 h after PDBu treatment, and the complete downregulation of c-myc 24 h postinduction. These data suggest that the reported early decrease in c-myc transcripts following PDBu stimulus in HL-60 cells is not sufficient to commit these cells to macrophage-like terminal differentiation. Late regulation of c-myc gene expression may be an important additional component of the regulatory mechanisms which allow HL-60 cells to complete this program. PMID- 3476197 TI - Differences between human and goose erythrocytes in response to phorbol esters and expression of phorbol ester receptors. AB - Phorbol esters inhibited the uptake of a fluorescent glucose analogue in goose but not in human erythrocytes. Specific phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) binding sites were identified in both goose and human erythrocytes. In the absence of Ca2+ and phospholipid, PDB binding in whole cell lysates was similar to that in intact cells, but addition of Ca2+ (0.5 mM) and phosphatidyl serine (96 micrograms/ml) caused a 4-fold increase in the binding detected in lysates. Nonlinear least-squares analysis of the PDB binding isotherm revealed that the data for lysates from both goose and human cells were best fit by a two-site model, with goose erythrocytes having approximately 3 times as many sites per class of receptors. Subcellular fractionation of human lysates indicated that the high (Kd = 3.6 +/- 2.2 nM) and low (Kd = 20 +/- 5 nM) affinity sites could be accounted for by the contributions from cytosol and crude membrane, respectively. Separation of the high and low affinity sites was not achieved in goose lysates. PDB binding to intact goose erythrocytes exhibited the lower affinity (Kd approximately 30 nM) and was enhanced approximately 2-fold by incubation at 37 degrees C relative to incubation at 4 degrees C. This was due to an increased Bmax, with no change in Kd of the whole cell binding. Human erythrocytes did not demonstrate this temperature-enhanced binding of PDB to intact cells. These data are consistent with a temperature-induced translocation of PDB receptors from cytosol to membrane in goose erythrocytes. The failure of human erythrocytes to respond to PDB is not due to an absence of PDB receptors but may be related to the diminished number of receptors or to the lack of a temperature-induced increase in whole cell receptor number. PMID- 3476198 TI - Cross-reactivity of murine anti-human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen monoclonal antibodies with guinea pig melanoma cells. AB - To identify melanoma associated antigens (MAAs) shared by human and guinea pig melanoma cells, a battery of murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to human MAA and an antiserum to S100 protein were tested with four newly established guinea pig melanoma cell lines. Only the monoclonal antibodies 149.53 and 225.28 which recognize distinct determinants of the human high molecular weight-MAA (HMW-MAA) reacted with all four guinea pig melanoma cell lines. To compare the binding site of MoAbs 149.53 and 225.28 with guinea pig and human melanoma cells, inhibition binding experiments were performed with antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies which completely inhibit the binding of MoAbs 149.53 and 225.28 to human melanoma cells. The binding of MoAb 149.53 to guinea pig melanoma cells was partially inhibited by antiidiotypic MoAbs MF9-10 and MK1-180 which recognize distinct private idiotopes within the antigen combining site of MoAb 149.53. On the other hand the binding of MoAb 225.28 to guinea pig melanoma cells was completely inhibited by antiidiotypic MoAbs MF11-30 and TK1-F2 which recognize distinct private idiotopes within the antigen combining site of MoAb 225.28. These results suggest that the determinant recognized by MoAb 149.53 on guinea pig melanoma cells is similar but not identical to that recognized on human melanoma cells, while the determinants recognized by MoAb 225.28 on the two types of cells do not display any detectable differences under the experimental conditions tested. The target structure on the guinea pig melanoma cells identified by MoAbs 149.53 and 225.28 is a Mr 280,000 molecule which has the same apparent molecular weight as one of the two subunits of the HMW-MAA synthesized by human melanoma cells. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments with guinea pig melanoma cells showed that the determinant recognized by MoAb 149.53 is expressed on a subpopulation of the molecules recognized by MoAb 225.28. Immunohistochemical staining with MoAb 225.28 of a variety of different tissues from normal adult guinea pigs showed that the corresponding antigenic determinant is detectable only in basal cells of epidermis and hair follicles of skin. S100 protein, which is a cytoplasmic constituent of normal human melanocytes, benign nevi, and malignant melanocytes, was also detected in the cytoplasm of the four cultured guinea pig melanoma cells lines. The results of the present investigation may lead to a better understanding of the phylogenetic evolution of the human HMW-MAA and suggest that guinea pig melanoma may serve as a useful animal model for immunobiological studies and carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis investigations. PMID- 3476199 TI - Cytochemistry and ultrastructural morphometry of cultured HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Cultured human myeloid leukemia (HL60) cells were characterized using ultrastructural cytochemical methods and differences identified when cells were compared for low (17 to 47), middle (69 to 100), and high (214 to 244) passages or to normal promyelocytes aspirated from bone marrow. Endoplasmic reticulum and transition structures (pre-Golgi compartment) of HL60 cells stained positively for peroxidase using diaminobenzidine but stained sparsely for reducing groups with osmium-zinc iodide. Staining of Golgi elements was relatively indistinct with diaminobenzidine and strong with osmium-zinc iodide, in comparison to freshly harvested promyelocytes which have intense diaminobenzidine and osmium zinc iodide staining of the pre-Golgi and Golgi compartments. Cytoplasmic polyribosomes were more numerous in middle and high passage cells, whereas dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum was less prominent in these cells. The mean granule size was significantly increased in low passage cells, and staining of peroxidase was more prominent by light and electron microscopy when compared to high passage cells. Cytoplasmic granules demonstrated strong complex carbohydrate staining, indicating a lack of granule maturation in HL60 cells. Terminally differentiated myeloid cells were more frequent in low passage samples, and some neutrophil granule maturation appeared to occur within these cells, whereas all eosinophil granules consistently remained immature with intense complex carbohydrate staining and lack of crystalloid formation. These studies demonstrate significant differences between HL60 cells and normal promyelocytes, and also passage-dependent maturational differences in HL60 cells. These differences should be considered in evaluating parameters of cell growth and maturation and in the biochemical and enzymatic characterization of these cells. PMID- 3476200 TI - Hematological and biochemical action of tiazofurin (NSC 286193) in a case of refractory acute myeloid leukemia. AB - A patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia was treated with tiazofurin, an agent that causes inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by depressing GTP concentrations in the malignant cells. The initial dose of 1100 mg/m2 was ineffective clinically and biochemically. Dose escalations to 1650, 2200, and finally 3300 mg/m2 resulted in a marked decrease in the absolute number of blasts without causing bone marrow hypoplasia or marked neutropenia. The decrease in the peripheral blast cell count was observed subsequent to a decline in GTP concentrations in the leukemic cells to less than 30% of the pretreatment value. Consecutive bone marrow examinations showed a remarkable shift from myeloblasts to more mature myeloid elements, suggesting an in vivo differentiative action of tiazofurin. Although a total dose of 23,650 mg/m2 was administered over a 13-day period, only very mild side effects were noted. The absence of complications reported by others in Phase I trials with tiazofurin may be related to our slow administration of the drug by pump over a 1-h period in this trial. Tiazofurin appears to be a promising agent in the treatment of leukemia because of its selective action on leukemic cells and the availability of a rapid in vitro method capable of predicting sensitivity of leukemic cells to the agent and monitoring its activity during treatment by measuring thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide and GTP concentrations. These observations are being tested in a larger group of leukemic patients. PMID- 3476201 TI - Mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone in adults with relapsed or primarily refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive blastic phase chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - A combination of mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone was used to treat 19 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Of these, 12 were patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (9 in first relapse and 5 primarily refractory to standard induction therapy with daunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), 2 had a phenotypic ALL relapse after an initial diagnosis of acute myelocytic leukemia and 5 had terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (BCML). Eight patients with ALL (and of these, four with primarily anthracycline resistant disease), and two with BCML achieved complete remission. Five patients died in induction (three ALL from sepsis and two BCML from bleeding), and five had progressive disease. Median duration of response was 5 months, with two primarily refractory ALL patients remaining in continuing complete remission at 28 and 31 months. Treatment was well tolerated, with minimal nausea and vomiting, and oral mucositis. Posttreatment transient hepatic dysfunction was seen in 80% of patients. Mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone are an active combination for the treatment of relapsed or refractory ALL and of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive BCML. The finding that four of five primarily refractory ALL patients were induced in complete remission supports the contention that mitoxantrone and anthracyclines are not cross resistant. PMID- 3476202 TI - Phase II study of idarubicin administered i.v. to pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A total of 17 pediatric patients with pretreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia were included in a phase II study of idarubicin. Four of 16 complete remissions were obtained, confirming the activity of the drug in this indication. Toxicity was acceptable, though caution is needed in patients who have already received high cumulative doses of anthracyclines. PMID- 3476203 TI - Phase II trials of the single agents baker's antifol, diaziquone, and epirubicin in advanced pancreatic cancer. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. PMID- 3476204 TI - Phase II study of amsacrine and high-dose cytarabine for resistant acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3476205 TI - A multiplicity of CCAAT box-binding proteins. AB - NF-Y is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes the Y box, a promoter element common to all major histocompatibility complex class II genes. Since the 14-base Y element harbors a CCAAT box in reverse, we were prompted to ask whether NF-Y is actually a CCAAT box-binding protein and whether it is related to the previously described CCAAT-binding factors CBP and CTF/NF-I. Data from gel retardation, methylation interference, saturation mutagenesis, and cross competition experiments establish definitively that NF-Y is an entirely distinct CCAAT box-binding entity. Moreover, these experiments have uncovered a fourth CCAAT-binding protein, NF-Y(star) that interacts with the thymidine kinase promoter. Clearly, then, there exists a multiplicity of factors that recognize CCAAT sequences; it now becomes imperative to understand the functional significance of this multiplicity. PMID- 3476206 TI - Expression of granulocytic functions by leukemic promyelocytic HL-60 cells: differential induction by dimethylsulfoxide and retinoic acid. AB - Recently, a novel approach has been used in the treatment of leukemia: induction of the leukemic cells to undergo terminal differentiation. Based on its in vitro ability to induce differentiation in several myeloid leukemic cell lines, retinoic acid (RA) has been applied clinically in cases of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid and promyelocytic leukemia. In the present study we have determined in detail the ability of RA to induce expression of granulocytic functions in a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) and compared it with that of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Several granulocytic characteristics (phagocytosis, surface adherence and generation of free radicals in response to phorbol-ester) were induced to the same degree by both agents. Other normal neutrophil functions, including lysozyme accumulation, spontaneous migration, chemotactic activity toward zymosan-activated serum (containing C5a), the peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and spontaneous motility in semi solid medium were induced by DMSO, but they were absent or incompletely expressed in RA-induced cells. In contrast, only RA induced migration toward leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Simultaneous treatment with RA and DMSO proved synergistic with respect to morphological maturation and several functions (e.g. NBT reduction), but complementary stimulation of other activities (e.g. chemotaxis, lysozyme content) could not be demonstrated. Furthermore, characteristics induced by DMSO (i.e., expression of C5a and FMLP receptors and accumulation of lysozyme) were inhibited by the addition of RA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476207 TI - The porcelain inlay re-examined. PMID- 3476208 TI - Catecholamine secretion and adenylate cyclase activation in sea urchin eggs. AB - The role of neurotransmitters in sea-urchin eggs was investigated by studying their effect on adenylate cyclase of the egg membrane. Maximal stimulation of enzyme activity occurs in the presence of dopamine and GTP. 5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-methoxytriptamine and acetylcholine have no effect on activity, despite a decrease in intracellular cAMP level in eggs treated with 5-hydroxytriptamine antagonists as previously reported (Renaud et al., 1983). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that dopamine is released from the sea-urchin egg into the external medium following fertilization. PMID- 3476209 TI - Psychometric profiles of craniomandibular pain patients: identifying specific subgroups. PMID- 3476210 TI - Occlusal and temporomandibular joint relations: a comparative study. PMID- 3476212 TI - Effects of stomatognathic treatment on tinnitus: a retrospective study. PMID- 3476211 TI - Direct sagittal computed tomography as a diagnostic aid in the treatment of an anteriorly displaced temporomandibular joint disk by splint therapy. PMID- 3476213 TI - Kinesic press--finger compress method for TMJ treatment. PMID- 3476214 TI - History, clinical findings, and outcome of treatment of patients with anterior disk displacement. PMID- 3476215 TI - Monitoring ocular changes that may accompany use of dental appliances and/or osteopathic craniosacral manipulations in the treatment of TMJ and related problems. PMID- 3476216 TI - Arachnoid cysts associated with atypical facial pain: a case report. PMID- 3476217 TI - Meniscal perforation during electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 3476218 TI - Effects of retinoic acid on the differentiation of THP-1 cell lines containing aneuploid or diploid chromosomes. AB - The effects of retinoic acid on the differentiation of human monocytic leukemia cell lines containing aneuploid (THP-1-Cs5) or diploid chromosomes (THP-1-R) were studied and compared. The induction of cell adhesion to a substratum, phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or IgG-coated SRBC, pinocytosis of dextran sulfate, and NBT dye reduction by the cells were examined. The occurrence of these processes was much greater in RA-treated THP-1-Cs5 cells than in RA treated THP-1-R cells. Of all these functional activities, the most remarkable differences between the two cell types were seen for cell adhesion and phagocytosis of SRBC. Morphological changes in RA-treated THP-1-Cs5 cells were observed by light and electron microscopy. RA-treated THP-1-Cs5 cells had a moderately-developed Golgi apparatus, and abundant lysosomes, mitochondria and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Among various retinoids examined, RA was the strongest inducer of the differentiation of the THP-1-Cs5 cells into mature cells. These findings suggest that THP-1-Cs5 cells which contain aneuploid chromosomes are more efficiently functionally differentiated by RA than are THP-1 R cells. PMID- 3476219 TI - Metabolism of epidoxorubicin in animals: absence of glucuronidation. AB - Metabolism of epidoxorubicin was studied in plasma of seven different animal species at 2 h after administration of 4 mg/kg. None of the animals showed significant glucuronidation of epidoxorubicin, although small amounts of the glucuronides could be detected in the rabbit. However, large differences in formation of epidoxorubicinol and 7-deoxy (7d) doxorubicinol aglycone were observed between the species. These phenomena may be relevant for interspecies differences with regard to anthracycline-induced histomorphological changes in for example, heart tissues and cardiotoxicity in relation to formation of 7d aglycones. PMID- 3476220 TI - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters inhibit cardiac functions and induce redistribution of protein kinase C in perfused beating rat heart. AB - Activation of protein kinase C has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular reactions. Although we, and others, have found protein kinase C and its substrate proteins to be present in both membrane and cytosolic fractions in the heart, the physiologic role of this kinase in the regulation of cardiac functions remains unknown. In the present study, we found that in isolated perfused rat heart, administration of phorbol esters 4 beta-phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate(PDBu) and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate(TPA), which are specific activators of protein kinase C, produced marked dose-dependent negative changes in inotropy and chronotropy. A dose-dependent decrease in coronary flow was also observed. The diacylglycerol analogues, 1,2-oleoylacetyl-glycerol and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, produced similar effects as the active phorbol esters on these isolated perfused hearts. An inactive analogue of phorbol ester, 4 alpha phorbol, failed to produce any effect. Protein kinase C activity in both membrane and cytosolic fractions prepared from rat heart could be activated by TPA and PDBu at the same concentration range as used in the experiments with perfused hearts. Following perfusion of the hearts with PDBu, a rapid translocation of protein kinase C from cytosolic to membrane fractions was also observed. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that protein kinase C may play a potentially important role in the regulation of cardiac functions. PMID- 3476223 TI - Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists, 19th annual meeting. 9-11 December 1985, Brisbane. Abstracts. PMID- 3476221 TI - Current pharmacologic treatment of elevated serum cholesterol. AB - A basic difference between dietary and drug therapy of hypercholesterolemia is that dietary therapy can be used as part of a population strategy, whereas the decision to use drugs is always made on an individual basis. In each case, the decision to treat must be based on the assumption that more good than harm is caused to the patient. This is a difficult situation for the physician. As long as there is no easy way of assessing the state and rate of progression of coronary lesions, the physician must treat the patient on statistical grounds only, i.e., rely on the results of studies showing that lowering serum cholesterol significantly decreases the risk of coronary events. Such evidence has recently been strengthened, which increases motivation for both physician and patients. The current general opinion is that drug therapy must be generally confined to those at high risk, i.e., patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. For individuals with moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels, dietary advice and correction of other risk factors should be adequate. PMID- 3476222 TI - Tetrasomy for the short arm of chromosome 12 with accessory isochromosome (+i(12p)) and a marked LDH-B gene dosage effect. AB - A fetus with tetrasomy for the short arm of chromosome 12 due to a de novo accessory isochromosome i(12p) is described. Involvement of the 12p in this chromosome aberration was suggested by banding analysis and substantiated by detection of a marked increase of LDH-B in the fetal fibroblasts. The syndrome shown by this fetus includes many of the minor anomalies described for live-born patients with partial trisomy 12p, and in addition malformations including brachymelia, anal atresia and double kidneys. PMID- 3476224 TI - Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists, 20th annual meeting. 8-10 December 1986, Melbourne. Abstracts. PMID- 3476225 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and phorbol esters (TPA) may induce select in vitro differentiation pathways in the HL60 promyelocytic cell line. AB - Monocytic features can be induced in the myeloid cell line HL60 in order to provide a suitable in vitro model for the investigation of in vitro activity in mononuclear phagocytes. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) induced the HL60 cell line to express the monocytic differentiation antigen Leu M3 in about 30-50% of the cells along with an increase (up to 20%) in the expression of HLA-DR but not HLA-DQ class II antigen. Functional investigation showed that calcitriol treated cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes coated with an anti-sheep erythrocyte-specific IgG2a mouse MoAb and readily ingested them. In addition, these same sensitized erythrocytes were lysed in an 18-hr antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. All together these data indicate the presence of functionally active Fc-IgG receptors (FcR). Sorting experiments demonstrated that only Leu M3+ HLA-DR+ cells contained the effector cell population; such was also the case for blood monocytes. This phenotypic profile was, however, not predictive per se of FcR presence and function, as 12,O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA)-induced HL60 cells neither formed rosettes nor phagocytosed nor exhibited ADCC activity, although they express Leu M3 and HLA-DR (as well as HLA DQ) antigens. These results suggest that calcitriol and TPA cause the differentiation of HL60 cells along distinct pathways. On the other hand, different subpopulations with given predetermined differentiation capabilities may coexist in HL60 cell line. This hypothesis gains support by the observation that when TPA and calcitriol were added together to the undifferentiated cells, the resulting phenotypic pattern was representative of the different activities of both of the inducers as they were used separately. PMID- 3476226 TI - HLA and survival in lung cancer. AB - HLA A and B antigens were determined in a study of 125 patients with lung cancer. Differences between antigen frequencies in cancer and control populations were determined by chi 2 analysis or Fisher's exact test. Survival data were analyzed using the Cox model for censored data. Cancer patients had an increased frequency of the antigen Aw33 (relative risk = 10.5, P less than 0.016). The Cox model (D. R. Cox, J. R. Stat. Soc. B, 34, 187, 1972) indicated that four covariates had a significant effect on mean survival time independently: the presence of A3 (P less than 0.005) and of Aw33 (P less than 0.05) increased mean survival time of the cancer population; patients with anaplastic carcinoma and stage three of any histological type of cancer had a decreased mean survival time. The determination of HLA phenotypes, cancer type, and the stage of the disease can provide the expected mean survival time of any particular patient. This could be of importance for evaluating prognosis. The effect of Aw33 and A3 on survival time may be related to HLA closely linked genes, possibly coding for resistance to the disease. PMID- 3476227 TI - Halitosis--a call for affirmative action. PMID- 3476228 TI - Dental suction systems--Part II. PMID- 3476229 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)--information and answers to questions you never dared to ask. PMID- 3476230 TI - Patient examination for diagnosing functional disturbances of the stomatognatic system. PMID- 3476231 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of the central autonomic nervous system in idiopathic parkinsonism--in comparison with sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy]. PMID- 3476232 TI - [A case of adrenoleukodystrophy presenting clinical features of spinocerebellar degeneration]. PMID- 3476233 TI - [Clinical studies on a large family of probable Machado-Joseph disease in Japan]. PMID- 3476234 TI - Effect of phenobarbital upon serum cholesterol lipoprotein fractions of three rodent species. AB - Phenobarbital (PB) in doses previously shown to be optimal for induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes had no effect on the cholesterol content of whole serum or of serum lipoprotein fractions in the guinea pig, but reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (with increase in very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) in the rabbit, and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (as well as total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol) in the rat. These results, when taken together with previous data demonstrating that PB increases serum triglyceride in the rabbit but lowers it in the rat, suggest that the drug may be atherogenic in the rabbit but not in the rat which, in any case, is highly resistant to atheroma. PMID- 3476236 TI - Polycythaemia rubra vera transforming to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Two patients who developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia following polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) are described. In both cases the diagnosis was made using cytochemistry and immunological markers. One patient's cells marked as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), the other as unclassified (null) ALL. These cases support the concept that PRV is a stem cell disorder. PMID- 3476235 TI - Plasma lactoferrin levels in leukaemias. AB - A solid-phase, one-step radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of plasma lactoferrin concentration. The detection limit of the assay is 150 micrograms/l. Leakage of cellular lactoferrin was minimal when EDTA was used as anticoagulant, while results obtained from serum and from heparinized plasma were not reproducible. The plasma lactoferrin concentration of 35 female and 44 male healthy adults was measured in order to determine normal values. The geometric mean of lactoferrin levels in men is about 10% higher than in women: 483 (200 1500) micrograms/l in men and 446 (200-870) micrograms/l in women. Patients with acute and chronic leukaemias were also studied. In 38 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia plasma lactoferrin levels were increased by three times while the neutrophil count was ten times higher than normal. Normal lactoferrin concentrations were measured in plasma samples from 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in incomplete remission while no detectable lactoferrin was found in samples from those in relapse (10 patients). In the untreated patients or those in relapse (19 cases) of both acute lymphocytic and myeloid leukaemias, plasma lactoferrin concentrations were undetectable while they seemed to return to normal during remission (3 cases). The data obtained indicate that the determination of plasma lactoferrin concentration might play an important role in facilitating the assessment of total blood granulocyte pool (TBGP). PMID- 3476237 TI - Effect of fluoride containing dentifrice, mouthrinsing, and varnish on approximal dental caries in a 3-year clinical trial. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the separate effect of fluoride dentifrice, fluoride mouthrinsing and fluoride varnish on approximal dental caries. All 252 13-14-yr-old children at an elementary school were selected at random and divided among four groups for a 3-yr longitudinal study. Group 1 received a fluoride dentifrice for home care and a fluoride mouthrinse once a week. Group 2 received a fluoride dentifrice for home care and a placebo mouthrinse once a week. Group 3 received a fluoride dentifrice for home care and a fluoride varnish once every 3 months. Group 4 received a placebo dentifrice for home care and a fluoride rinse once a week. Fluoride rinsing did not give any additional effect compared with placebo-rinsing when a fluoride dentifrice was used for home care. Fluoride varnish gave a significant caries reduction compared with fluoride rinsing. PMID- 3476239 TI - Relationship between diet-related behavior and caries in a group of 14-year-old Danish children. AB - Dietary factors related to dental caries may be both biological and behavioral. In the present study the relative contribution of a number of behavioral characteristics is analyzed in order to differentiate between caries-active (CA) and caries-inactive (CI) children. The study group comprised 49 CA and 55 CI 14 yr-old Danish children, constituting the dichotomous dependent variable. Several variables related to the social and cultural context in which food and snack consumption takes place were studied. Subsequently, their relative contributions to the discriminant function (CA vs. CI) were estimated using discriminant analysis. The three strongest discriminating variables were "weekly milk consumption" (-0.726), "packed lunch from home" (0.554), and "weekly consumption of candy in DKK" (0.306) as measured by standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients. These variables may be indicative of the impact of the social environment on dietary habits, pointing to the need for incorporating the social network as reinforcing agent in dietary counseling if dietary behavior is to be changed. PMID- 3476238 TI - Toothbrushing frequency in relation to family size and bedtimes in English schoolchildren. AB - Data from a survey of 3727 14-yr-old children from 31 secondary schools in England in 1984-85 were analysed to obtain information about toothbrushing frequency, social group, number of siblings, and time of going to bed. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class. One third of respondents cleaned their teeth once or less per day. Toothbrushing frequency was found to increase significantly with improvement in social status in males (P less than 0.05), while a similar non-significant trend was found in females. Toothbrushing frequency decreased significantly as the number of siblings increased (P less than 0.01) and a trend towards decreasing brushing frequency as bedtimes became later was observed. These findings indicate that family factors do influence toothbrushing practice in adolescents. These factors need to be understood more thoroughly if toothbrushing habits in school-age children are to be improved. PMID- 3476240 TI - Dental needs, demands and patterns of service utilization in a selected Malaysian urban population. AB - The dental needs, demands and patterns of service utilization were assessed in a randomly selected sample of 750 subjects attending the Dental Faculty, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Toothache accounted for the most frequent overall dental complaint. However, the most common motives for seeking dental care varied among children (2-12 yr), adolescents (13-18 yr) and adults (19 + yr). The attendance behavior of women is more preventively orientated and more inclined towards rehabilitation compared to that of men. The proportion of normative needs of the patients varies from 7.5% for dentures to 66% for dental caries. About 50% of service utilization for the first visit consisted primarily of extractions in the oral surgery department. PMID- 3476242 TI - Optical hazard evaluation of dental curing lights. AB - The potential ocular hazards associated with the use of dental curing lights were evaluated. Recommendations are provided for precluding exposure of personnel to hazardous levels of optical radiation. Users should not stare directly into the dental curing lights at distances shorter than 25 cm (which would not be a likely event). Eye protectors which filter wavelengths below 500 nm may be desired by individual users to reduce discomfort or if surface lamination is applied. PMID- 3476241 TI - Treatment time analysis for extensive amalgam restorations. AB - The treatment times for the fabrication of Extensive Amalgam Restorations (EAR) as recorded in a longitudinal clinical trial at the Dental School in Nijmegen were analyzed. 269 EAR's with different retention methods were made on molars by three operators. A mean total treatment time of 60 min was found. The factor operator had a significant influence on all treatment phases resulting in a 26% difference in total treatment time between operators. Also significant influences were found in some treatment phases for the factor retention, side location of the tooth and extension of the restoration. The results of this study with regard to treatment times must be considered from the perspective of the quality of the care provided. PMID- 3476243 TI - Dental restoration longevity: a critique of the life table method of analysis. AB - The use of the life table method for assessing the longevity of dental restorations is growing. One reason for this is the availability of statistical computer packages which can be used by the non-expert, and this is tending to lead to an uncritical approach to the methodology. Although much can be learnt regarding the durability of restorations by using life table analysis, there are many inherent problems related to its use in dental studies. The survival pattern of many restorations is such that long-term studies are required to obtain valid assessments of durability. Results reported after only a few years of study contain many restorations not followed to failure. The ways in which data on these restorations are handled can greatly affect the estimates of longevity. These considerations have not, to date, received sufficient attention. PMID- 3476244 TI - Experimental study of two methods of data collection by questionnaire. AB - The aim of the present study was to compare the results obtained using two different methods of data collection about caries preventive services provided in general dental practice. A questionnaire was mailed to a random national sample of 479 dentists resident in Norway in January 1985. The sample was divided into two groups by random allocation. All dentists, irrespective of group, were requested to give background information. One group, comprising 287 dentists (GR), was asked to complete a separate form for every adult patient (greater than or equal to 20 yr) treated in the course of 1 day. The demographic characteristics and dental visiting habits of the patients, as well as the number of teeth present, caries lesions and preventive services rendered were recorded. The other group, 192 dentists (GE), was requested to make general estimates of the time spent on caries prevention and the proportion of patients receiving various types of caries preventive services. The dentists were unaware of the methodologic aspect of the survey and everyone received one reminder in order to guarantee anonymity. The estimation method (GE) did not give the expected advantage over the registration method (GR) in response rate (51.7% vs 46.2%, P greater than 0.40), and gave a gross overestimation of the frequency with which adult patients received different types of caries preventive procedures (P less than 0.005). Thus, even though the estimates of the proportion of total treatment time spent on caries prevention were comparable for the two methods, and the estimation approach is labor-saving, it cannot be recommended for the collection of data on caries prevention in the dental office. PMID- 3476245 TI - Comparative study of oral conditions in schoolchildren of Strasbourg, France, 1974-85. AB - A representative sample of 1650 children randomly selected in the 6-15-yr-old schoolchild population of Strasbourg was examined by well-calibrated examiners. The prevalence of caries was determined with the DMFT, DMFS and dft indices using bitewing radiographs. Plaque, calculus and gingival indices were also determined. The results obtained were compared with the initial study of 1974 performed in Strasbourg using the same epidemiologic methods. Whereas no important variations were observed in caries prevalence of primary teeth, a significant reduction of caries activity was observed in DMFT and DMFS indices in all age groups. There was a reduction of these two indices of respectively 32% and 33% in the 12-yr-old children. The reduction was the most significant on approximal surface lesions. A statistically significant decrease of the calculus and gingival indices was also observed between 1974 and 1984. A less significant decrease was observed for the plaque index. PMID- 3476246 TI - Oral health and factors related to oral health in Polish schoolchildren. AB - The oral health and factors related to oral health were surveyed in 168 schoolchildren, aged 10-12 years, attending one school in Warsaw. The children were examined for dental caries and gingival status, dental plaque and salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts. An interview on dietary habits and use of fluoridated toothpaste was also performed. The results showed a mean DMFT of 4.7 in the sample. Gingival Index 1 and Plaque Index 3 were median scores for the majority of the children. S. mutans was demonstrated in 94% of the children and high numbers were found in 15%. Lactobacillus sp. were present in all examined children, with high counts in 56% of the subjects. The interview revealed that most of the children eat five or six times per day and consume candies or cakes each day. Fluoridated toothpaste was not used regularly by any of the children. In conclusion this study shows a high prevalence of dental disease and an unfavorable combination of etiologic factors. PMID- 3476247 TI - Hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth in Hong Kong schoolchildren. AB - This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth amongst Southern Chinese children in Hong Kong. The sample consisted of 1093 12-yr-old children on whom a panoramic radiograph was taken. The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (third molars excluded) was 6.1% in boys, 7.7% in girls, and 6.9% for both sexes combined. On the average, each child was missing 1.5 teeth. The most commonly absent tooth was the mandibular incisor, affecting 58.7% of the children with hypodontia. Thirty children (2.7%) had supernumerary teeth, with a male:female ratio of 6.5:1; in four cases the tooth had erupted. Three children had fourth molars and one case of a supplemental premolar was recorded (all unerupted). Four cases of a maxillary supernumerary tooth and hypodontia in the mandible were seen. PMID- 3476248 TI - Representativeness of the "Ramfjord teeth" for epidemiologic studies of gingivitis and periodontitis. AB - Data from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study of 736 men each examined four times were analyzed to determine how representative the six "Ramfjord Teeth" (RT) were of the rest of the dentition for epidemiologic studies of gingivitis and periodontitis. Correlation coefficients were calculated between scores for gingival inflammation generated by the RT and scores for the teeth in the rest of the mouth; the correlation coefficients between the two scores tended to be high. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated for periodontal pathology classified on the basis of the pocket depths of the six RT. Reliance on the RT resulted in systematic underestimation of the prevalence and incidence of deep periodontal pockets. The RT are more than adequately representative of the rest of the dentition for epidemiologic studies of gingivitis, but are inadequate surrogates of the rest of the mouth for epidemiologic studies of periodontitis. PMID- 3476249 TI - Regional variations in oral submucous fibrosis in India. AB - Regional variations in the characteristics of submucous fibrosis were studied in two districts in India. In Pune district this condition involved soft palate, uvula and retromolar areas significantly more often than in Ernakulam district. The tongue, floor of the mouth and the hard palate were not involved in Pune. The age of the patients in Pune district was lower than in Ernakulam district. Associated oral cancer, leukoplakia and petechiae were observed solely among patients in Ernakulam. The most important etiologic factor for submucous fibrosis is the chewing of areca nut, and in both areas studied all patients chewed areca nut. In Pune, cured areca nut without other ingredients was chewed by 66% and in Ernakulam, raw areca nut was chewed as an ingredient of pan with tobacco by 100%. Thus in Ernakulam, the juice and the quid were mostly spat out, whereas in Pune they were swallowed. The regional variations in the characteristics of submucous fibrosis could be related to the differences in the areca nut chewing habit between the two areas. PMID- 3476250 TI - Oral health effects of smokeless tobacco use in Navajo Indian adolescents. AB - Recent reports have suggested that the use of smokeless tobacco is increasing in adolescents, and is particularly high in Native Americans, causing concern about possible effects on oral health. In this study, 226 Navajo Indians, aged 14-19, were interviewed regarding their use of smokeless tobacco (ST), cigarettes, and alcohol. Midbuccal and mesiobuccal sites on all fully erupted permanent teeth (excluding third molars) were examined for the presence of gingival bleeding, gingival recession, calculus, and loss of periodontal attachment. The oral mucosa was examined for evidence of leukoplakia. 64.2% (145) of the subjects (75.4% of the boys and 49.0% of the girls) were users of ST. Of these, over 95% used snuff alone or in combination with chewing tobacco. 55.9% used ST one or more days per week. 52.2% consumed alcohol, usually beer or wine, and 54.0% smoked cigarettes. 25.5% (37) of the users and 3.7% (3) of the non-users had leukoplakia. The duration (in years) and frequency of ST use (days per week) were highly significant risk factors associated with leukoplakia. However, the concomitant use of alcohol or cigarettes did not appear to increase the prevalence of these lesions. No consistent relationship was observed between the use of ST and gingival bleeding, calculus, gingival recession, or attachment loss, either when comparing users to non-users or when comparing the segment where the tobacco quid was habitually placed to a within-subject control segment. In view of these results, there is little doubt that smokeless tobacco is significantly related to the etiology of leukoplakia. As some evidence exists that smokeless tobacco use is a significant risk factor associated with oral carcinoma, intervention programs to discourage the use of smokeless tobacco by adolescents should be a public health priority. PMID- 3476251 TI - Periapical status in subjects with regular dental care habits. AB - This study covered 250 subjects aged 21-60 yr subdivided into four age groups. Oral hygiene status and dental care habits were above average and the number of teeth remaining was high in all age groups (range 24.1-27.3). All subjects were radiographically examined by means of an intraoral full mouth survey. From the radiographs periapical lesions and root fillings were recorded. A total of 117 subjects (46.8%) presented with one or more periapical lesions distributed between 294 roots (2.9%) or 229 teeth (3.5%). Two-thirds of the periapical lesions were related to endodontically treated roots. Of all endodontically treated roots 28.8% were associated with a periapical lesion. Irrespective of the relative length 17.2% of the homogeneous and 37.9% of the inhomogeneous root fillings were associated with a periapical lesion. It is concluded that periapical lesions although rare in these subjects were most frequent in root filled teeth. PMID- 3476252 TI - Absence of interaction between ofloxacin and phenprocoumon. AB - The effect of ofloxacin on steady-state phenprocoumon pharmacodynamics was investigated in 7 healthy male volunteers taking daily sub-therapeutic doses of phenprocoumon. Ofloxacin 200 mg once daily for 7 days did not alter the anti coagulant response (Quick values) to phenprocoumon after a stabilization phase of 2 weeks. Mean Quick values during the steady-state phase before and during ofloxacin administration were 54% and 52%, respectively. In vitro studies with concentrations of 0 to 100 mg ofloxacin/1 added to plasma also failed to show any interaction. The results indicate, therefore, that ofloxacin does not interfere with vitamin K-dependent coagulation cascade, as seen after other antibiotics. PMID- 3476253 TI - Assignment of the TCP1 locus to the long arm of human chromosome 6 by in situ hybridization. AB - TCP1, the human homolog of the Tcp-1 locus in the mouse, which is part of the murine t complex and codes for an abundant testicular germ-cell protein, has been mapped within the human genome by in situ hybridization. Using a cDNA probe for TCP1, pB1.4 hum, we assigned TCP1 to human chromosome region 6q23----qter, with the most likely localization being 6q25----q27. PMID- 3476256 TI - Assisting ventilation in respiratory failure by negative pressure ventilation and by rocking bed. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of acute ventilation by rocking bed (RB) and by negative-pressure ventilator (NPV) on arterial oxygenation and carbon dioxide tension in seven patients in whom respiratory failure (PaCO2 [+/- SD], 64 +/- 4 mm Hg; PaO2, 54 +/- 10 mm Hg) was consequent on nonobstructive ventilatory impairment. The increase in SaO2 (percent above baseline, 5 percent RB and 6 percent NPV) was similar for both methods, but a greater fall in PCO2 (percentage change in PCO2, 3 percent RB; 15 percent NPV; p less than 0.05) was observed during NPV. Diaphragmatic and accessory muscle electrical activity was markedly reduced during NPV but remained unchanged or increased on RB. Asynchronous breathing was frequently observed with RB but only rarely with NPV. These preliminary results suggest that effective mechanical ventilatory support could be achieved with either RB or NPV. However, their long-term effects as compared with those of positive-pressure ventilation remain to be explored. PMID- 3476255 TI - Patterns of chromosome breakage in nonHodgkin lymphoma: significance to gene alteration in tumorigenesis. AB - In a comprehensive cytogenetic analysis of nonHodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that was based on a database derived from karyotypic descriptions of 264 tumors, we previously established correlations between specific chromosome changes and histologic subtypes of lymphoma. In the present paper we analyze the total chromosome breakage encountered in this group of tumors. This analysis permitted distinction between sites of nonrandom breakage that are specific for lymphoid tumors (and hence of probable primary or etiologic significance) and sites of nonrandom breakage that are common to lymphoid as well as nonlymphoid tumors (and hence of probable secondary or evolutionary significance). We also observed that breakage affected all of the immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene sites and most of the known cellular oncogene and fragile sites; however, only a limited number of these sites exhibited statistically significant breakage. Of special interest was the fact that the fragile sites that exhibited significant breakage were mostly those that also were sites of cellular oncogenes. Our data suggest that breakage at sites of immunoglobulin genes and a limited number of cellular oncogenes alone is of importance in B-cell lymphomagenesis. While the timing or causes of genomic destabilization in tumorigenesis are unknown, recent molecular analysis of junction regions of chromosome rearrangements designated here as primary translocations has suggested that more than one mechanism may be involved in their generation. This study identifies chromosomal sites of nonrandom perturbation that may be targeted for detailed molecular analysis aimed at understanding the origin, evolution, and spread of B-cell NHL. PMID- 3476254 TI - Localization of a unique DNA sequence to band p16 of human chromosome 4. AB - Southern blot analysis of DNA from human-rodent cell hybrids and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes allowed the assignment of a unique human DNA sequence associated with satellite DNA to band p16 of human chromosome 4. PMID- 3476257 TI - Bilateral talc pleurodesis in metastatic pneumothorax. PMID- 3476258 TI - Acute pains which are caused by pulp stones. PMID- 3476259 TI - Histological investigation of the effects of new type improved glass ionomer cements over pulp. PMID- 3476260 TI - [Hygienic dental dam]. PMID- 3476261 TI - [Ultrastructure of incipient caries of human enamel studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy]. PMID- 3476262 TI - [Uses and modification of sagittal split ramus osteotomy in orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3476264 TI - [Pathological study of sinus tracts from chronic apical peridontitis]. PMID- 3476263 TI - [Changes after anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy]. PMID- 3476265 TI - [Anatomical study of the articular fossa of temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476266 TI - [Long-term follow-up study of two surgical methods in the treatment of dentigerous cyst during the period of development]. PMID- 3476267 TI - [Preliminary study on the immune function of the erythrocyte in recurrent aphthous ulcer]. PMID- 3476268 TI - [Uses of the mandibular kinesiograph in studying and diagnosing TMJ dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 3476269 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the apical orifice]. PMID- 3476270 TI - [Diagnosis and etiology of pulpitis of residue]. PMID- 3476271 TI - [Hemangioma of the parotid gland in infancy]. PMID- 3476272 TI - [Powder pollution during the polishing of a denture]. PMID- 3476273 TI - [Effect of dental caries on pulp tissue]. PMID- 3476274 TI - [Spatial changes after extraction of the first permanent molar]. PMID- 3476276 TI - [A preliminary report on Al2O3-ceramic delayed implantation]. PMID- 3476275 TI - [Pyogenic infections of dental origin the oro-facial-maxillary area. Study on anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 3476277 TI - [Long-term effect of surgical repositioning of the impacted lower third molar]. PMID- 3476278 TI - [Retrospective study and prospect of labial vestibuloplasty]. PMID- 3476279 TI - [A preliminary report on the use of meniscus repositioning/repair and meniscectomy with silastic implantation]. PMID- 3476280 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological study of the conservative treatment of deep carious lesions]. PMID- 3476281 TI - [Clinical significance of determining serum immunoglobulin A and other immunological indexes in patients with head and neck tumors]. PMID- 3476282 TI - [Correlative and regressive analysis of the measurement of the maxillary incisors]. PMID- 3476283 TI - [Rehardening effect of calcium fluoride on softened dentin]. PMID- 3476284 TI - [Temporomandibular joint reconstruction with coronoid process transplantation in ankylosis]. PMID- 3476285 TI - [Bio-ceramic single-crystal sapphire dental implant: material characteristics, animal experiments, mode of application and therapeutic armamentarium]. PMID- 3476286 TI - [Effect of various pulsating electro-magnetic fields on cells cultured in vitro]. PMID- 3476287 TI - Cell cycle perturbation of cultured C6 glioma cells following short-term contact with a low dose of ACNU. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the cell cycle perturbation of cultured C6 rat glioma cells induced by 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl)methyl-3 (2-chloroethyl)3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) using simultaneous flow cytometric measurements of DNA and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) content. A new graphic computer program permitted the quantification of cell density in hexagonal subareas and allowed the fraction of BrdU-labeled cells with mid-S phase DNA content (FLS) to be defined in a narrow window. The cell kinetic parameters such as cell cycle time (Tc) and S phase time (Ts) were estimated from a manually plotted FLS curve at 18 and 6 hr, respectively. The major effect of ACNU on the cell cycle was an accumulation of the cells in the G2M phase 12 to 24 hr posttreatment when compared to G2M traverse of untreated cells. For the two dimensional analysis, cells were labeled with BrdU and then treated with ACNU, or treated with ACNU and then labeled with BrdU. It was concluded that the cells in the S and G2M phases at the time of ACNU administration progressed to mitosis but that the G1 phase cells accumulated in the subsequent G2M phase. Two-dimensional FCM analysis using BrdU provided a useful tool in studying cell cycle perturbation. PMID- 3476289 TI - [The family of Lpm-genes is located on chromosome 9 of the American mink]. PMID- 3476290 TI - In vitro study of the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin against recent clinical isolates. AB - The in vitro activity of ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, was studied by a standardized single disc method. A total of 990 clinical isolates were tested, including 20 strains of anaerobic bacteria. Ofloxacin was highly active against 683 strains (70.41%), had intermediate activity against 109 (11.23%) and had no activity against 178 (18.35%). Ofloxacin was highly active against E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii, Salmonella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Eubacterium sp., Propionibacterium acnes and Streptococcus sp. Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp. and Proteus vulgaris had percentages of resistance to ofloxacin of 37.11%, 32% and 33.33% respectively. High percentages of resistance to ofloxacin were found only for Providencia sp., Proteus rettgeri and Bacteroides fragilis. With regard to Streptococcus faecalis, the results obtained with the disc procedure were not reliable and MIC determination was necessary to assess the behaviour of the drug. PMID- 3476288 TI - Meal reduces sensitivity of the stomach to pharmacologically induced dysrhythmia. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether food ingestion causes a change in the susceptibility of the stomach to dysrhythmia or in the characteristics of gastric dysrhythmia. The susceptibility of the stomach to develop dysrhythmia was measured by determining the median effective dose of four different drugs known to produce gastric dysrhythmia. These drugs were epinephrine, PGE2, met enkephalin, and glucagon. The median effective dose for inducing gastric dysrhythmia was measured in four healthy conscious dogs by Dixon's up-and-down method during fasting and after feeding. The median effective dose of epinephrine, PGE2, met-enkephalin, and glucagon were higher after feeding (16.6, 16.6, 35.1, greater than 221 micrograms/kg, respectively) than during fasting (1.7, 5.2, 11.1, 61.0 micrograms/kg, respectively). The results indicate that feeding renders the stomach less susceptible to pharmacologically induced dysrhythmia. However, characteristics of gastric dysrhythmias, such as site of origin and direction of propagation, were similar whether they occurred during fasting or after feeding. PMID- 3476291 TI - In vitro activity of fosfomycin combined with rifampin, pefloxacin and imipenem against staphylococci: a study by the time-kill curve method. AB - The in vitro activity of fosfomycin alone and in combination with rifampin, pefloxacin and imipenem was studied by the time-kill method against staphylococci. Fosfomycin, pefloxacin and imipenem used at concentrations within the therapeutic range, exerted a bactericidal effect, whereas rifampin acted as a bacteriostatic drug. The combination of fosfomycin and rifampin was found to be antagonistic against rifampin-susceptible strains and indifferent for rifampin resistant isolates. Fosfomycin combined with pefloxacin usually produced an indifferent effect. The interaction between fosfomycin and imipenem was mainly indifferent but synergism occurred with methicillin-resistant strains and antagonism was observed for one methicillin-susceptible isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3476292 TI - Clinical evaluation of butorphanol as conscious sedation for periodontal surgery. PMID- 3476293 TI - Microbiological study on early plaque formation in partial denture wearers. PMID- 3476295 TI - Thirty-months' clinical evaluation of vitallium endodontic endosseous implants. PMID- 3476296 TI - Changes in the plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite before and during spontaneous labor and labor induced by amniotomy, oxytocin and prostaglandin E2. AB - To elucidate the role of endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha in spontaneous and induced labor, plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were determined before the onset of labor, at onset of labor, during active labor, at the crowning of the fetal head, and 1 and 2 hours after delivery. Patients in spontaneous labor and labor induced by amniotomy, oxytocin, and prostaglandin E2 were studied. The levels of plasma PGFM in patients who entered spontaneous labor fell 2 to 3 weeks before delivery, whereas those in the induced labor group did not change until the time of induction. Although the levels of PGFM rose gradually with the progress of labor in all cases, the levels in the spontaneous labor were significantly lower in each stage than in the corresponding stage of induced labor. These results suggest that endogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) production decreases 2-3 weeks prior to the spontaneous onset of labor and is increased again as labor progresses, that the patterns of PGF2 alpha production are similar to each other during spontaneous labor and labor induced by various methods. Therefore, it is felt that endogenous PGF2 alpha may participate in the progress of all kinds of labor. PMID- 3476294 TI - A simple method for measuring thermal coefficient of expansion of some dental materials. PMID- 3476297 TI - Partial pulpotomy as a treatment alternative for exposed pulps in crown-fractured permanent incisors. PMID- 3476298 TI - Occurrence of pulp canal obliteration after luxation injuries in the permanent dentition. PMID- 3476301 TI - Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars in a southern Chinese population. PMID- 3476300 TI - Primary teeth traumatic injuries at a private pediatric dental center. PMID- 3476299 TI - Hyaluronidase-enhanced connective-tissue attachment to demineralized root and pulpal dentin. PMID- 3476303 TI - An atypical tooth fracture due to an indirect trauma mechanism. PMID- 3476302 TI - Lateral root dilaceration: a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment. PMID- 3476304 TI - Effect of preservation media on proliferation and collagen biosynthesis of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PMID- 3476305 TI - Effect of enoxacin on colonic microflora of healthy volunteers. AB - Ten healthy volunteers received 400 mg enoxacin orally twice daily for seven days. Fecal specimens were collected at 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 16 and 21 days to study the effect of enoxacin on the normal colonic microflora. On the seventh day the fecal mean concentration of enoxacin was 348 mg/kg feces. Whereas enterobacteria were strongly suppressed during the administration of enoxacin, the gram-positive and anaerobic microflora was not significantly altered. Two weeks after enoxacin was discontinued, the colonic microflora had returned to normal. PMID- 3476307 TI - [23d meeting of the German Society for Electron Microscopy including the 20th colloquium of the Study Groups for Electron Microscopy Direct Imaging and Analysis of Surfaces. Bremen, 13-19 September 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3476306 TI - Response to immunosuppressive therapy in patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy and associated dysimmune neuromuscular disorders. AB - We encountered 2 patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) type I who had marked weakness developing during several months superimposed on chronic peroneal muscular atrophy. Further studies disclosed a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in one patient and CIDP associated with polymyositis in the other. Both patients responded to prednisone and azathioprine with substantial improvement. Patients with HMSN who develop rapid progression of weakness should be evaluated for superimposed, potentially treatable dysimmune neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 3476308 TI - Antibodies against phospholipase C inhibit smooth muscle contraction induced by acetylcholine and histamine. AB - The rationale of this study was to obtain a highly specific inhibitor of phospholipase C by raising rabbit antibodies against the purified bacterial phospholipase C. The antibodies inhibited the enzyme activity in vitro and, as shown by immunofluorescence, cross-reacted with the membrane-bound phospholipase C of isolated guinea-pig smooth muscle cells. Incubation (0-4 h) of guinea-pig taenia coli and ileum with antibodies resulted in a progressive inhibition (up to 85%) of the contractile response evoked by 2 microM acetylcholine or 2 microM histamine but did not inhibit significantly the contraction produced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (0.1 microM). These inhibitory antibodies presumably represent the 'missing tool' needed to establish unequivocally if a given agonist acts via stimulation of the membrane-bound phospholipase C, and implicitly phosphoinositide hydrolysis. PMID- 3476309 TI - Heterogeneity of a human T-lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - A human T-lymphoblastoid cell line (Jurkat) was cloned, and four resulting sublines were characterized in a variety of ways with the objective of gaining information on heterogeneity in cell lines. Within a few weeks of cloning, distinct cellular morphologies and growth patterns became apparent in the four sublines. Growth rate measurements made over 3 months did not show any significant differences between the sublines. Surface protein profiles obtained by radioimmunoprecipitation using antisera in conjunction with extracts from [35S]Met and 125I-labeled cells revealed differences between the sublines. Analysis of total cell DNA showed that one of the sublines possessed only half the chromosome complement of the other sublines and the parental line. Karyotyping confirmed this result and, in addition, demonstrated that chromosome numbers fluctuated around a mean value for each subline. Karyotypic variability became apparent within 2 months of cloning and tended to increase with time in culture. G-banding analysis showed that the analyzed cell populations contained distinctive cytogenetic aberrations. Properties of the cloned sublines were monitored over a 9-month period. One of the sublines that had shown heterogeneous morphology even after 6 weeks maintained the heterogeneity throughout this time. Another subline underwent a marked change in morphology (round to irregular) and growth habit (single cells to large clumps) with increasing time in culture. Interestingly, several alterations to surface proteins accompanied these growth changes. A third subline had relatively stable morphology and chromosome number throughout the 9-month period. The modal chromosome number was hypotetraploid for three sublines and the parent line, but was diploid for another subline. However, it was interesting that progression toward tetraploidy in this subline was apparent after almost 2 years of culturing. The results showed that the original cell line consisted of a heterogeneous assemblage of cell types, some of which were quite unstable. Some implications for research using cultured cell lines are discussed. PMID- 3476310 TI - Human chronic myeloid leukemic cell line with positive Philadelphia chromosome exhibits megakaryocytic and erythroid characteristics. AB - A cell line (LAMA-84) has been established from the blood of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in acute phase. LAMA-84 cells retained the patient's chromosome abnormalities, i.e., triplication of all chromosomes except chromosome 18, the presence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in 4-5 copies, and the presence of chromosome markers. LAMA-84 cells have morphological features of undifferentiated blast cells, but analyses have indicated that they belong to the megakaryocytic lineage; platelet peroxidase (PPO) was found in 8.5% of cells; LAMA-84 cells reacted spontaneously with poly- and monoclonal antibodies against the platelet glycoproteins (GP) IIb, IIIa, and the GPIIb/IIIa complex, whose presence was confirmed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. LAMA-84 cells lack the membrane characteristics of lymphoid and mature granulocytic cells but do, however, react with certain antibodies to immature myeloid cells. Furthermore, they are positive with an antiglycophorin antibody, and contain alpha- and gamma globin mRNA, thus demonstrating erythroid marker expression. Thus LAMA-84 is a tripotent, megakaryocytic, erythroid, and granulocytic cell line. The megakaryocytic and erythroid markers were enhanced by the addition of DMSO, butyrate, TPA, and hemin. The LAMA-84 cell line represents an interesting tool for the study of megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation and the mechanisms of neoplastic growth. PMID- 3476311 TI - Changes in intracellular pH and cell volume during the early phase of DMSO induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Changes in intracellular pH and water volume were measured after treatment of Friend erythroleukemia cells with 1.5% DMSO. It was found that a continuous decrease in pHi occurred, beginning 1 h after induction and a decline in pHi of 0.18 was measured after 9 h. In addition a decline in cellular water volume, of 12% only 15 min after induction, and 23% after 9 h, was observed. PMID- 3476312 TI - Lars treatment in the meso- to dolichofacial patient in the presence of internal derangement. PMID- 3476314 TI - Boost referrals from specialists. PMID- 3476313 TI - Adult orthopedic mandibular change in the treatment of internal derangement. PMID- 3476315 TI - Successful practice-building--one woman dentist's story. PMID- 3476316 TI - The woman dentist. PMID- 3476317 TI - A pamphlet for new patients. PMID- 3476318 TI - The broker's role in buying a practice. PMID- 3476319 TI - Finding the right staff member. PMID- 3476320 TI - The role of metabolites of arachidonic acid in the physiology and pathophysiology of muscle protein metabolism. PMID- 3476321 TI - Effects of isotretinoin on the behavior of neural crest cells in vitro. AB - Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), an anti-acne medication, has been found to cause severe birth defects which affect the craniofacial elements, ear, heart, thymus, and central nervous system. Many of these structures receive contributions from the cranial neural crest. Here, we examine the possibility that these teratogenic effects are due to disturbances in neural crest development. Cranial and trunk neural crest explant cultures were exposed to different concentrations of isotretinoin and the cell morphology was monitored at daily intervals. Treated neural crest cells often became rounded or spindle shaped, separated from their neighbors, and frequently detached from the substrate or clumped together. In contrast, neural tube cells and cardiac fibroblasts were relatively unaffected by the drug. These results suggest that isotretinoin selectively affects neural crest cells by decreasing their cell substratum adhesion. PMID- 3476323 TI - Oral health impact on quality of life: methodological and conceptual concerns. PMID- 3476322 TI - Gastric mucosal protection by agents altering gastric mucosal sulfhydryls. Role of endogenous prostaglandins. AB - Intragastric administration of sulfhydryl-containing cysteamine or sulfhydryl oxidizing diethylmaleate caused a dose-dependent reduction in the mean area of gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol. The protective effects of these agents are abolished by the sulfhydryl blocker N-ethylmaleimide, while indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, caused only about 50% reduction in this protection. This study indicates that mucosal generation of prostaglandins contributes to the gastric cytoprotection by these agents administered intragastrically, but endogenous sulfhydryls are also involved in the gastric mucosal protection by sulfhydryl-containing or sulfhydryl-oxidizing compounds. PMID- 3476324 TI - Toward a new research agenda for geriatric dentistry under the current health care scene. PMID- 3476325 TI - Studies of the relationship between oral health and psychological well-being. PMID- 3476326 TI - Professional plaque control in the treatment of stomatitis prosthetics. PMID- 3476327 TI - [Periodontal conditions following treatment with cantilever bridges or removable partial dentures in geriatric patients. A 2-year study]. PMID- 3476328 TI - Periodontal and cariological status in relation to different combinations of removable dentures in elderly men. PMID- 3476330 TI - Methodological alternatives for the collection of oral health symptoms in the aged. PMID- 3476329 TI - Factors involved in establishing a geriatric dentistry clinical training and research program in an extramural institutional setting. PMID- 3476331 TI - Quantitative study of human fungiform papillae and taste buds: variation with aging and in different morphological forms of the tongue. PMID- 3476333 TI - Does oral health influence quality of life? PMID- 3476332 TI - Perceived oral health status and ability to chew among an adult Finnish population. PMID- 3476334 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia. Clinical case]. PMID- 3476335 TI - ["Immunosuppressive acidic protein" (IAP)--an improvement for tumor marker diagnosis in epithelial ovarian cancer?]. AB - Aim of this prospective study was to examine the value of the "Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein" (IAP) as a tumour marker for epithelial ovarian carcinomas and to compare the results with these of the established tumour marker CA-125. In 75 patients with malignant ovarian tumours and in 36 patients with benign ovarian tumours and in 68 healthy women the serum IAP and CA-125 values were determined. In dependence of the threshold for the IAP (500 or 800 microgram/ml) a pronounced lower specificity (70.2% or 97.1%) or sensitivity (88% or 40%) could be achieved in comparison with the CA-125 (95.2% specificity and 81.3% sensitivity). In only 4% of all ovarian carcinomas the CA-125 was false negative and the IAP right positive. Whereas the serum CA-125 level correlated in 86.9% of the patients with the clinical course of disease, the serum IAP level correlated only in 43.3% of the patients with their clinical course of disease. We therefore concluded, that the IAP is less suitable as a tumour marker in ovarian carcinomas than the CA-125 and even the combination of both markers is only beneficial for a very small number of patients. PMID- 3476336 TI - [High Ca 125 serum level in benign ascites or pleural effusion]. AB - In 26 patients with benign and 44 patients with malignant ascites or pleural effusion the levels of the tumour marker Ca 125 were determined in the effusion and in the serum. No significant differences between both groups were seen. Values exceeding the tenfold level of the upper standard limit were often found even in patients with benign and non-carcinomatous malignant diseases. This is probably due to a production of the antigen even in benign proliferating cells of the mesothelium. Enhanced Ca 125 serum levels cannot therefore be interpreted as indicating the presence of an (ovarian) carcinoma if there is an ascites or pleural effusion; they can also be an expression of a proliferation of the mesothelium in benign processes of other organs. PMID- 3476337 TI - [Comparative characteristics of lymphoid blast crisis in myelocytic leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia in children with ph' chromosome]. PMID- 3476338 TI - [Kinetics of blast cell proliferation and cobalamin metabolism in immunologic subvariants of lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3476340 TI - [Clinical value of ultracytochemical studies of granulocytes in patients with myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3476339 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity reaction and its prognostic significance in patients with myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3476341 TI - Comparison of dental surface disinfectants. PMID- 3476343 TI - Endodontic access with a modified finishing bur. PMID- 3476342 TI - Seating posterior ceramo-metal crowns with full porcelain occlusion. PMID- 3476345 TI - Incidence of painful oral electrogalvanism. PMID- 3476344 TI - An evaluation of a 90 mm macro lens for use in intraoral photography. PMID- 3476346 TI - Treatment of external pin perforations. PMID- 3476347 TI - Atypical facial pain of psychogenic origin. PMID- 3476348 TI - An intraoral device to prevent snoring. PMID- 3476349 TI - In vitro effects of serotonin and prostaglandins on release of eggs from the ovary of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. AB - When ovarian pieces of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, were incubated in media containing serotonin (5-HT), the number of released eggs increased significantly. These eggs developed normally after fertilization. The threshold of the 5-HT effect reached a maximum at a concentration of 10(-6) M, and decreased sharply with increasing concentrations. Methysergide, a 5-HT antagonist, completely inhibited the 5-HT-induced egg release. Addition of aspirin or indomethacin to the incubation media also inhibited the 5-HT effect. However, neither aspirin nor indomethacin inhibited the 5-HT-induced egg release when 10(-6) M prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also present. PGE2 did not induce egg release, but enhanced the 5-HT effect. In contrast to PGE2, PGF2 alpha significantly inhibited the 5-HT effect. These results show that 5-HT induces spawning of female P. yessoensis via specific 5-HT receptors in the ovary, and that the effect of 5-HT may be regulated by PGE2 (progressive) and PGF2 alpha (suppressive). PMID- 3476350 TI - Disequilibrium pattern analysis. II. Application to Danish HLA A and B locus data. AB - Disequilibrium pattern analysis, a general method for analyzing evolutionary events acting on pairs of tightly linked polymorphic loci, is applied to a large sample of Danish individuals typed for A and B loci of the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) system. Cases of selection on particular haplotypes are revealed from patterns of linkage disequilibrium among the HLA haplotypes. These patterns cannot be explained by either population admixture or random genetic drift. Six haplotypes out of the total array of 273 haplotypes have been identified which show in varying extents the patterns indicating selection. PMID- 3476351 TI - Serum CA 125 and survival of mice inoculated with ovarian carcinoma and treated with antiestrogen, estrogen, or progestin. AB - The human ovarian carcinoma cell line NIH-OVCAR-3 grown in immunodeficient mice has been reported to be sensitive to estrogen medications and to express progestin receptor. To assess the effects of sex steroids on CA 125 production and survival times in these mice, we administered Tamoxifen, estrogen, and progestin. During the first 28 days after inoculation of mice with 2.3 million tumor cells ip, serum CA 125 rose exponentially, reaching 4308 +/- 776 and 3905 +/- 1013 units/ml (mean +/- SEM, P greater than 0.1) in placebo- and Tamoxifen treated mice, respectively; median survival times were 41 and 39 days, respectively (P greater than 0.1). Uninoculated mice had nondetectable CA 125, and all outlived the inoculated mice. In tumor-inoculated mice, serum CA 125 levels and survival were similar when estrogen or progestin was injected alone and when both were given in combination. We detected no significant differences in production of CA 125 in vitro by tumor cells harvested from ascites fluid when the mice were treated with placebo, estrogen, or progestin. We conclude that, for our model, serial measurements of serum CA 125 provide excellent estimates of the relationship between tumor burden and survival, and that CA 125 production appears unaffected by estrogen, progestin, or Tamoxifen. PMID- 3476352 TI - Prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: the Memorial Hospital experience. PMID- 3476353 TI - Therapy results in five ALL-BFM studies since 1970: implications of risk factors for prognosis. PMID- 3476354 TI - Limiting toxicities during intensified remission induction chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3476355 TI - Special aspects of supportive therapy in childhood acute leukemias. PMID- 3476357 TI - Urinary GP41 excretion in patients with acute leukemias treated with intensive induction polychemotherapy. PMID- 3476356 TI - Abnormal marker expression in acute leukemia (AL) characterized by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. PMID- 3476358 TI - Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin as a determinant of response in acute myeloid leukemia. AB - Twenty-one adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were treated with the EORTC LAM-6 remission induction protocol [daunorubicin (DNR) (45 mg/m2, days 1 3), cytarabine (200 mg/m2, days 1-7) and vincristine (1 mg/m2, day 2)]. Pharmacokinetics of DNR were studied at day 1. The concentration of DNR and daunorubicinol were determined in plasma, in white blood cells and in bone marrow. A large variability was observed with respect to (1) the plasma area under the curve (AUC) 0-24 h (range: 0.06-0.37 nmol X h/ml); (2) the white cell AUC 0-24 h (range: 0-441 nmol X h/10(9) cells); and (3) the 1 h bone marrow concentration (range: 0-27 nmol/10(9) cells). In eight patients treated twice, a small intraindividual variability of these parameters was observed. Concentrations in plasma did not correlate with cellular concentrations. All pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma and white cells did not correlate with response to therapy. In patients reaching complete remission (CR), however, the tumor load, as expressed by the number of blast cells present in the untreated bone marrow, was significantly lower than the number of blast cells in patients not reaching CR. PMID- 3476359 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of cytosine arabinoside in patients with acute myelogeneous leukemia. PMID- 3476360 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral methotrexate in bone marrow during maintenance treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3476361 TI - Determination of the cellular uptake of daunorubicin in human leukemia in vivo: method of examination and first results. PMID- 3476362 TI - Cytoskeletal organization in acute leukemias. PMID- 3476363 TI - Pitfalls in the evaluation of prognostic factors. PMID- 3476364 TI - Low-dose cytosine arabinoside in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. PMID- 3476365 TI - Low-dose Ara-C treatment in elderly patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 3476366 TI - 4-Demethoxydaunorubicin (idarubicin) in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3476367 TI - Contribution of clonogenic leukemic cell characteristics to therapy outcome in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 3476368 TI - Analysis of prognostic factors in acute leukemias in adults. PMID- 3476369 TI - Acute myelocytic leukemia in adults: a long-term analysis. PMID- 3476370 TI - Prognostic factors in acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3476371 TI - Immunological monitoring in remission acute myeloid leukemia during maintenance therapy. PMID- 3476372 TI - High-dose cytosine arabinoside and retinol in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in childhood. PMID- 3476374 TI - Effective remission induction in children with recurrent acute myeloid leukemia by mAMSA, Ara-C, and VP 16. AB - Five children treated for acute myeloid leukemia according to the BFM protocol AML 83 experienced first bone marrow relapse after 7, 10, 14, 18, and 30 months and were retreated for second remission induction. The chemotherapy consisted of mAMSA (100 mg/m2 per day i.v., days 1-3), ARA-C (100 mg/m2, twice daily, days 1 6), and VP 16 (150 mg/m2 per day, days 4-6). Four of the children achieved a complete second remission after one course of chemotherapy, and the fifth child died of pneumonia during bone marrow aplasia. All surviving children received an identical second course within 4-5 weeks, followed by maintenance chemotherapy. Remission duration was 0, 3, 4, 5, and 5 months. Toxicity was confined to heavy bone marrow depression with thrombocytopenia (nadir 2-7000, days 7-13) and leukocytopenia (nadir 0-400, days 8-14). Bleeding episodes could be prevented by substitution with platelets. Four patients experienced infections (pneumonia, septicemia). We conclude that combination chemotherapy using mAMSA, ARA-C, and VP 16 is effective in inducing a second remission in patients with early bone marrow relapse. The main side effect was considerable bone marrow toxicity. PMID- 3476373 TI - CHOP treatment of childhood acute myelogenous leukemia with monocytic differentiation: a report on five cases. AB - Five children with M4 or M5 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) not responding to previous treatment or in relapse were treated with a four-drug protocol consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone, and CNS prophylaxis. There were two treatment failures; the remaining three patients have achieved complete remission, lasting 18+, 13+, and 12+ months respectively. Further follow-up is to be performed. PMID- 3476375 TI - Surface marker analysis by monoclonal antibodies: a valuable technique in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3476376 TI - Infant leukemia: a single pattern of nonlymphocytic leukemia? PMID- 3476377 TI - Growth of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: preliminary results. PMID- 3476378 TI - Prediction of induction and duration of complete remission in acute myelogenous leukemia: value of clonogenic cell properties. PMID- 3476379 TI - Early intensification therapy in high-risk childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: lack of benefit from high-dose methotrexate. PMID- 3476380 TI - Intensive therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Polish Children's Leukemia and Lymphoma Study Group after 11 years. PMID- 3476381 TI - Prognostic meaning of chromosome aberrations in acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients of the BFM Study Group. PMID- 3476382 TI - DNA aneuploidy in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia as measured by flow cytometry. AB - An aneuploid DNA stem line has been detected by flow cytometric measurements in 17 (29%) out of 59 children entered in the BFM 83 pilot study for ALL relapse. Of 17 DNA aneuploidies, 15 were hyperdiploid. Euploidy was observed in 28 of 34 patients with an early relapse, whereas 11 of 25 children suffering a late recurrence of disease showed aneuploid DNA stem lines. In contradistinction to ALL relapse, a significantly higher frequency (38%) of pretreatment DNA aneuploidy was measured in 376 newly diagnosed patients of the BFM trials. Our findings may reflect the impact of therapy on leukemic cell clones and their relapse pattern. PMID- 3476383 TI - Hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: cellular properties and prognostic implications. PMID- 3476384 TI - The problem of early death in childhood AML. PMID- 3476385 TI - Incidence and treatment of fungal infections in neutropenic patients. PMID- 3476386 TI - First experiences with a permanent catheter system in acute leukemia. PMID- 3476387 TI - Hematological reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood transplantation. PMID- 3476388 TI - Postremission induction intensive sequential chemotherapy for children with AML- treatment results and prognostic factors. PMID- 3476389 TI - [AIDS in pregnancy--current status]. PMID- 3476391 TI - [Imaging examination procedures in oromaxillofacial surgery. Frontobasal injuries -diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3476390 TI - [Inhibition by KB-2796, a new Ca2+ entry blocker, of the contractile response of isolated cerebral and peripheral arteries in the dog]. AB - In helical strips of dog cerebral and peripheral arteries, KB-2796 (1-[bis(4 fluorophenyl)-methyl]-4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine dihydrochloride), a new Ca2+ entry blocker, inhibited the contractile responses induced by K+, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and serotonin in a non-competitive manner. KB-2796 inhibited the contraction induced by K+ more effectively than those induced by PGF2 alpha or serotonin. In cerebral arteries, the inhibition produced by KB-2796 was more prominent than in peripheral arteries. In renal arteries, serotonin produced contractions in concentrations 200-1,200 times higher than those sufficient to contract the other arteries. KB-2796 inhibited renal arterial contractions induced by serotonin and K+ to a similar extent. In renal arteries depolarized by replacement of the entire amount of NaCl in the bathing medium with KCl, PGF2 alpha produced additional contraction of the artery, whereas serotonin did not contract the artery. These results suggest that KB-2796 inhibits the contractility of cerebroarterial smooth muscle more preferentially than that of other arteries. The contractile response to serotonin of the renal artery appears to be associated with the voltage-dependent influx of Ca2+ as suggested in the cerebral arteries. PMID- 3476393 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of metastases in the head and neck region]. PMID- 3476394 TI - [Follow-up of bone healing using MR spectroscopy]. PMID- 3476392 TI - [Value of MR in the diagnosis of cystic and solid tumor processes in oral surgery]. PMID- 3476395 TI - [Problems and progress in the plain diagnosis of the dentomaxillofacial region]. PMID- 3476396 TI - [Significance of computed and magnetic resonance tomography for surgery of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476397 TI - [High-resolution magnetic resonance tomography of the temporomandibular joint using surface coils]. PMID- 3476398 TI - [Visualization of intra- and periorbital processes using magnetic resonance tomography]. PMID- 3476399 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomographic findings in angiomas]. PMID- 3476400 TI - [Significance of MR tomography for the diagnosis of carcinomas of the floor of the mouth and the tongue]. PMID- 3476401 TI - [Visualization of the course of the mimetic musculature by magnetic resonance tomography]. PMID- 3476402 TI - [Direct radiographic magnification and its value in structural changes in the spongiosa region]. PMID- 3476403 TI - [Visualization of the temporomandibular joint in different planes of projection]. PMID- 3476404 TI - [Limitations and possibilities of bone scintigraphy of the maxillofacial region]. PMID- 3476406 TI - [Computer-assisted quantitative bone scintigraphy in the treatment planning of condylar hyperplasia]. PMID- 3476405 TI - [Technetium-99m bone scintigraphy in oromaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3476407 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of tumors of the midfacial area]. PMID- 3476408 TI - [Clinical value of tumor scintigraphy as an imaging procedure in oromaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3476409 TI - [Thermographic reaction following partial conduction block of the mental nerve]. PMID- 3476411 TI - [Long-term electrognathographic follow-up of destructive injuries of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476410 TI - [Barography using pressure-detecting sheets--an imaging procedure for pressure determination in biomechanical problems of jaw surgery]. PMID- 3476412 TI - [Xeroarteriography in the vicinity of the external carotid artery]. PMID- 3476413 TI - [Roentgenocinematographic studies on the diagnosis of swallowing after tumor surgery]. PMID- 3476414 TI - [Roentgen stereophotogrammetry in the diagnosis of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3476415 TI - [Optical procedures for the analysis and classification of salivary duct calculi]. PMID- 3476416 TI - [2-dimensional pictorial representation of jaw models based on planimetry]. PMID- 3476418 TI - [Frontobasal trauma--diagnosis and treatment course. Round table conference]. PMID- 3476417 TI - [Craniocervical junction--diseases, diagnostic application of imaging procedures, surgical technics]. PMID- 3476419 TI - [Lateral teleroentgenography in animal studies]. PMID- 3476420 TI - [Indications for fine-focus magnification panoramic procedures in oromaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3476421 TI - [Application of congruence orthopantomography (D-Congruator) in oromaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3476422 TI - [A new simple method of producing reproducible panoramic sectional images]. PMID- 3476424 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of visualizing the temporomandibular joint using panoramic sectional procedures]. PMID- 3476423 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of orthopantomograms of jaw cysts]. PMID- 3476425 TI - [Comparative studies of the place of teleradiographs and orthopantomograms in the prognosis of third molar eruption]. PMID- 3476426 TI - [Indications and informativeness of multidimensional tomography]. PMID- 3476427 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of arthrotomography of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476428 TI - [Endoscopic visualization of normal and altered structures of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476429 TI - [Fine-needle arthroscopic findings in pathological changes in the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476430 TI - [Possibilities of computed tomography as exemplified by the human temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3476432 TI - [Potential applications of sialoadenography]. PMID- 3476431 TI - [Present status and place of sialography, its possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 3476433 TI - [Somatic radiation risk in the diagnosis and therapy of the cranial region]. PMID- 3476435 TI - [Present place of sialography in the diagnosis of diseases of the major salivary glands from the surgical point of view]. PMID- 3476434 TI - [Epicritic analysis of clinical and x-ray findings in diseases of the major salivary glands]. PMID- 3476436 TI - [Morphological changes in the duct system of the parotid gland due to irradiation of malignant mouth tumors]. PMID- 3476437 TI - [Superselective angiography--possibilities and limitations in the preoperative diagnosis of angiomas]. PMID- 3476439 TI - [Angiographic visualization and morphology of anastomosed vessels in microsurgical tissue transplantation]. PMID- 3476438 TI - [Use of arterial digital subtraction angiography in transfer of tissue with microvascular anastomoses in the head and neck region]. PMID- 3476440 TI - [Preparation of individual skull models based on computed tomographic information]. PMID- 3476441 TI - [Computed tomographic and angiographic assistance in evaluating a severe bilateral injury of the temporomandibular joint accompanied by extensive arterial hematomas]. PMID- 3476442 TI - [Comparative studies of computed tomographic findings and the operation site in frontobasal fractures]. PMID- 3476443 TI - [Value of supplemental computed tomographic diagnosis for the therapeutic management of malignant epithelial, non-epithelial and other malignant salivary gland tumors]. PMID- 3476444 TI - [Computed tomographic diagnosis and findings in salivary gland diseases]. PMID- 3476446 TI - [The place of computed tomography in the preoperative determination of the therapeutic plan for benign epithelial salivary gland tumors]. PMID- 3476445 TI - [Organ exposure during x-ray examination of the head and neck region]. PMID- 3476447 TI - [Differential diagnosis of submandibular lymph node metastases using imaging procedures]. PMID- 3476448 TI - [Effect of computed tomography on the clinical staging of tumors in the oromaxillofacial region]. PMID- 3476449 TI - [Value of computed tomography in radiosurgical planning in head and neck tumors]. PMID- 3476450 TI - [Computed tomographic findings in space-occupying processes of the retromaxillary area]. PMID- 3476451 TI - [3-dimensional computed tomographic imaging of the skull]. PMID- 3476452 TI - [Indications and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance tomography in the preoperative diagnosis of orofacial tumors]. PMID- 3476453 TI - Unexpected opposition to the autopsy. PMID- 3476454 TI - Joint Commission moves forward on HMO review. PMID- 3476455 TI - An interstitial duplication of the X chromosome in a male allows physical fine mapping of probes from the Xq13-q22 region. AB - An insertional translocation into the proximal long arm of the X chromosome in a boy showing muscular hypotony, growth retardation, psychomotor retardation, cryptorchidism, and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) was identified as a duplication of the Xq21-q22 segment by employing DNA probes. With densitometric scanning for quantitation of hybridization signals, 15 Xq probes were assigned to the duplicated region. Analysis of the duplication allowed us to dissect the X-Y homologous region physically at Xq21 and to refine the assignments of the loci for DXYS5, DXYS12, DXYS13, DXS94, DXS95, DXS96, DXS111, and DXS211. Furthermore, we demonstrated the presence of two different DXYS13 and DXS17 alleles in genomic DNA of our patient, suggesting that the duplication resulted from a meiotic recombination event involving the two maternal X chromosomes. PMID- 3476456 TI - p82H identifies sequences at every human centromere. AB - A cloned alphoid sequence, p82H, hybridizes in situ to the centromere of every human chromosome. After washing under stringent conditions, no more than 8% of the grains are located on any specific chromosome. p82H thus differs from other centromeric sequences which are reported to be chromosome specific, because it detects sequences that are conserved among the chromosomes. Two experimental approaches show that the p82H sequences are closely associated with the centromere. First, p82H remains with the relocated centromeres in an inv(19) and an inv(6) chromosome. Second, p82H hybridizes at the centromere but not to the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 that have elongated 1qh, 9qh and 16qh regions produced by short growth in 5-azacytidine. The only noncentromeric site of hybridization is at the distal end of the 9qh region. PMID- 3476457 TI - Genetic hemochromatosis and HLA linkage. AB - We previously reported five families with primary, genetic (idiopathic) hemochromatosis in whom HLA typing of subjects indicated that a homozygous heterozygous mating had almost certainly occurred and in whom inheritance of the disease trait was best explained by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. However, in one family, two children apparently homozygous for hemochromatosis did not manifest overt evidence of the disease, and alternative explanations were postulated, including autosomal dominant inheritance in this family. Subsequent study of the family members, including repeat HLA-DR serology with more recently defined antisera and DNA genotyping at the HLA-DR locus has, we believe, provided the true explanation for the previous apparent anomaly and adds further evidence for the tight linkage of the disease to the HLA-A locus. PMID- 3476459 TI - Current status of lasers in dentistry. PMID- 3476458 TI - PGI*3(Israel), a new, unstable allele in the phosphoglucose isomerase system. AB - Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and 16 other biochemical genetic markers were studied in an Israeli-Arab family previously described for hereditary deficiency of adenylate kinase (AK) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In this inbred family a rare PGI*3 allele was observed in 11 of 32 members tested, indicating an autosomal codominant inheritance. The electrophoretic mobility of this allele is similar to that of the PGI*3 allele found in Indian populations, but unlike the Indian allele, it has a very low specific activity and heat stability. This PGI*3 allele, designated PGI*3 (Israel), seems to be a different unstable mutation and along with AK and G6PD deficiencies seems to be associated with severe anaemia. PMID- 3476460 TI - An impacted secondary mandibular second molar. PMID- 3476461 TI - Infectious disease control and the dental office: AIDS and other transmissible diseases. AB - In spite of attempts to modify homosexual behaviour and the sharing of contaminated needles by drug abusers, AIDS virus infections continue to spread throughout the world. The potential for transmission, the lack of a vaccine and effective treatment, and the lethal nature of the disease cause great alarm and influence health care delivery. Dentistry is involved because oral health care is being given knowingly or unknowingly to high-risk individuals. These high-risk individuals are the sources for many other infections with viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal organisms. In spite of the fact that spread does not occur through casual contact, concern is justified since many questions involving transmissibility and susceptibility have not been completely resolved. Therefore, dental professionals must follow infectious disease control guidelines to protect themselves as well as other patients. Because oral manifestations of those infected by the AIDS virus are common, dental professionals also play a role in recognition, counselling and referral. PMID- 3476462 TI - Converting unmet need for care to effective demand. AB - Strategies to lower the barriers to both the receipt of personal dental services and to self-care are discussed in the light of the supporting body of socio dental research. Planning to reach populations in need of care but who have not obtained such care involves both external marketing strategies as well as subsequent internal marketing strategies. Modifications of elements in the dental care delivery system, and approaches which impact on personal lifestyles of populations in need of care as well as on their environments, constitute a comprehensive marketing plan. PMID- 3476464 TI - For better practice relations. AB - Since the 1970s dentists in the US have shown a growing interest in converting unmet need for dental care into demand for their professional services. Internal marketing is one approach that has received a great deal of attention. Internal marketing focuses on what dentists and staff can do with current patients better to sense, to serve, and to meet their needs. This paper focuses on work that was done to help dentists market their practices internally. It is not the report of a rigorous scientific study. It is a presentation of findings based on the experiences of one consultant. It should be viewed as a preliminary observational study on identifying what it takes for dentists and staff to convert unmet need into demand. Based on preliminary work, a series of interventions for dental practices was developed. These interventions can best be described as continuing education programmes. The format was either workshops, attended by the staff of large numbers of practices, or in-office consulting, with dentists and staff. The intervention was not standardized but had consistency in terms of five basic elements: awareness raising; training in communication skills; leadership development; team building for the entire dental team; and activities directed toward patients. Findings are based on subjective observations and conclusions. Self-reports from dentists indicate that what was developed can be an effective tool. Whether this is a practical approach for reaching large groups of dentists is a question that requires thoughtful analysis. This paper also includes a presentation of other observations and conclusions drawn from this experience. PMID- 3476463 TI - Improving patient satisfaction. AB - This paper describes a method for lowering internal barriers to the acceptance of dental care which are created by patient dissatisfaction. Previous research suggests that significant numbers of patients are lost to dental practices due to dissatisfaction. Conversely, satisfied patients represent the primary source of referral of new patients. A system of patient feedback is described which elicited constructive criticism while preserving patient anonymity. The effects of patient feedback were observed in 100 private dental offices over a 12-month period. Patients provided confidential ratings of facilities, staff, appointment policies, dentist, treatment quality, costs and communication. Dentists received quarterly summary reports of the ratings. Over 90 per cent of the dentists reported having changed their practice policies in response to the patient feedback. The average number of changes made was 5.6. Most dentists felt that the procedure improved patient, staff and their own personal satisfaction. About one fourth felt that it was responsible for greater acceptance of treatment plans and more referrals. The study demonstrated that identifying and responding to patient needs can be an effective means for lowering barriers to care. PMID- 3476465 TI - Advertising in dentistry. AB - Due to a rapid increase of unemployment among dentists in many countries, the interest in advertising as a means of stimulating the demand for dental care is increasing. In some countries (i.e. USA, Canada, Finland and Holland) campaigns have been organized and the results have been published. In order to give as complete a picture as possible of all promotional activities in the field of dentistry, the member organizations of the FDI have been asked to answer the following questions: (1) Are individual dentists in your country allowed to solicit new patients by means of advertisements? (2) Do you, as an organization, have guidelines for your members in this respect? (3) Have there been any joint promotional activities by dentists in your country aimed at increasing the demand for dental care? (a) If so, in what form (e.g. advertisements, television or radio commercials)? (b) How much money was invested in such activities? (c) What were the results achieved? The results are presented. The effectiveness of specific methods used in stimulating the demand for dental care are analysed. Moreover, a comparison is made between studies on the attitudes of dentists toward advertising in Holland and the United States. PMID- 3476466 TI - Recommendations for hygiene in dental practice, including treatment for the infectious patient. Federation Dentaire Internationale. A revision of Technical Report No. 10. PMID- 3476467 TI - Transactions of the 74th annual World Dental Congress. Manila, Philippines, November 1986. PMID- 3476468 TI - The role of the general practitioner and the orthodontist in the provision of orthodontic care. AB - Orthodontics is a small branch of dentistry but one of the oldest and most widespread of dental specialties. It is characterized by long-term treatment objectives which are related to dentofacial morphology and function, growth, facial balance and maturation. Owing to the lack of baseline data it has not been included in the recommendations of the FDI for a stepwise procedure towards 'Health for All by the Year 2000'. Serious efforts should be made to allow inclusion of orthodontics by overcoming this data problem. It is strongly recommended that an internationally acceptable index for orthodontic purposes at the community level be developed. Problems of integration of orthodontic services within oral health care programmes are most significant at medium resource levels when priorities have to be established among many highly desirable dental services. In upper resource levels with less caries and periodontal disease than before the general practitioner should be aware of the rapidly increasing needs for service among elderly people due to improved oral health in adults. For the sake of efficiency, control and quality orthodontic treatment should preferably be carried out by appropriately educated orthodontists, even if the case appears simple in the beginning. Simple cases treated by specialists consume fewer resources than are needed for a system of effective communication and delegation to the general practitioner. Continuing education of all practitioners and other members of the dental team should be carried out in personnel categories and across the boundaries between them. PMID- 3476469 TI - Undergraduate and continuing education in orthodontics: a view into the 1990s. AB - It has been projected that up to 40 per cent of clinical practice undertaken by general dentists in major cities in Canada may involve some type of orthodontic therapy by the mid-1990s. This major shift has already started and the University of British Columbia has begun to update its curriculum accordingly. Concomitant with a decrease in demand for two year postgraduate education courses and a reduced need for the control of decay, academic programmes across Canada are experiencing an increased demand for more extensive orthodontic education by both undergraduate dental students and general practitioners. Current practice trends indicate that more orthodontics is undertaken by general practitioners and that fewer orthodontists are being trained. The Department of Orthodontics at the University of British Columbia utilizes the Dental Performance Simulation System (J. Morita Corp., Japan) for preclinical training in straight-wire edgewise techniques. In their second year, students fit and cement bands, bond brackets, ligate archwires and fit and adjust headgears on the Simulation System. Two years of clinical sessions (3 hours/week) follow this preclinical training. By carefully selecting only Class I non-extraction cases that can be completed ideally in eight months or less of active edgewise therapy, a realistic generalist/specialist division of labour has been developed. To fully meet the anticipated general practice orthodontic demands in the 1990s, undergraduate academic programmes must be prepared to significantly alter current overall curriculum objectives. PMID- 3476470 TI - The impact of AIDS on the general practitioner of dentistry. AB - The AIDS epidemic has caused widespread concern in the community and there has been a corresponding impact on dentistry. Dentists have seen themselves as vulnerable due to frequent exposure to blood and to the salivary pool, which may possibly be infective, either inherently or by reason of blood contamination. The fear of AIDS, affecting the community and the dental profession, has been strongly emotional because of the recorded mortality rates. It is necessary to recognize that screening techniques, however carefully carried out and interpreted, cannot identify all the potential carriers of AIDS. A similar, but much greater risk applies to carriers of hepatitis B virus, since a dentist seeing 20 patients per day will encounter a hepatitis B carrier every 7 days, at the current developed-country levels of prevalence. Four out of five of these carriers will be unaware of their infectious status. It is essential therefore that dentists amend their infection control techniques and regard all contact with blood as potentially infective. The fears of dentists can be assuaged by the realization that well-accepted infection control methods applicable to hepatitis B, are also effective against AIDS. The paper reviews the major considerations to be taken into account in implementing an infection control regimen, and in identifying at-risk groups among patients. PMID- 3476472 TI - Interferon alfa-2a in cancer therapy. Proceedings of an official satellite symposium to the 14 International UICC Cancer Congress. Budapest, Hungary, 22 August 1986. PMID- 3476471 TI - Critical risk/benefit analysis of pefloxacine use in children under 15 years--the problem of arthralgias. AB - Pefloxacine belongs to a group of new quinolone antibiotics with more general indications than the urinary quinolones marketed about twenty years ago. The contraindication of the quinolones in children under 15 years of age limits their usage exclusively to adults. In this paper, the adverse arthralgic effects of these quinolones, which have largely motivated the contraindication, have been analyzed from an experimental, clinical and pathophysiological point of view. It is concluded that the pediatric benefits associated with the marked antibacterial activity of pefloxacine, particularly in pseudomonas and enterobacteriae infections, should be balanced against the risks associated with arthralgia whenever the condition of the patient is grave and decisions vital to a favorable prognosis for the sick child are necessary. PMID- 3476473 TI - Alpha-interferon in hairy cell leukaemia: direct effects on hairy cells or indirect cytotoxicity? AB - This report presents the results of a clinical trial on 53 patients with hairy cell leukaemia using low-dose alpha-interferon as therapy. Improvement of cytopenia and/or bone marrow hairy cell infiltration occurred in all but one patient. Often, blood and bone marrow improvements were dissociated and, after 7 or 13 months of therapy, complete remission was only observed in about 40% of patients. Recurrence of the disease was observed in some cases after cessation of therapy. A summary of the following results is presented: alpha-interferon receptor analysis, oncogene expression, study of the sensitivity of hairy cells to natural killer cells, and the effects of interferon on T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and on the function of T-cell clones. Results are also presented which show that myelofibrosis may be due to a release of platelet derived growth factor. The immunological findings and oncogene expression in 2 patients with a variant form of hairy cell leukaemia for which resistance to therapy was observed are also described. All the results show that interferon acts on hairy cells and are consistent with a direct effect by interferon in the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 3476474 TI - Management of cancer patients receiving interferon alfa-2a. AB - This is a review of the data on the safety and tolerance of interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of cancer patients and is particularly aimed at patient care. Since 1981, interferon alfa-2a prepared from human sources has been administered to over 2500 cancer patients and 2500 patients with viral diseases. Adverse effects have been invariably produced following parenteral injections of greater than 3 X 10(6) IU. These were mainly flu-like symptoms (greater than 90%), fatigue (90%), gastrointestinal (85%), central nervous system (65%) and musculoskeletal (60%) disorders. Laboratory abnormalities, though common (greater than 75%) were rarely dose limiting. Their severity can be reduced by using dose schedules which promote tachyphylaxis, co-medication with paracetamol and evening administration. Fatigue is best controlled by careful dose attenuation and occasional therapy rest periods. At dosages of 3 X 10(6)-18 X 10(6) IU/injection, interferon alfa-2a therapy can be safely managed on an out-patient basis, requiring minimal or no hospitalization. The frequency and low titre of antibody development to interferon alfa-2a indicates that it is a weak antigen and is suitable for long term therapeutic application. PMID- 3476475 TI - Recombinant interferon alfa-2a in advanced malignant melanoma. A phase I-II study in combination with DTIC. AB - There is a rising incidence of malignant melanoma world-wide and, despite major improvements in its early diagnosis and treatment, the 10-year death rate remains at 20-25%. Evidence that the immune system has a role in the control of melanoma growth has encouraged immunological intervention. The results of phase II trials of recombinant interferon alfa-2a in advanced melanoma justified further studies. A review of trials of various interferons used as sole agents showed an overall objective response rate of 16.3%, one-third of the responses being complete responses of long duration. The use of cimetidine together with recombinant interferon alfa-2a remains controversial. Trials of both beta- and gamma interferons are incomplete and information on their effect in advanced melanoma is not yet available. Recombinant interferon alfa-2a in combination with chemotherapy is now being used in trials and the early results are encouraging. In a combined series from Brisbane and Newcastle, Australia involving 44 patients treated with recombinant interferon alfa-2a and DTIC, 13 objective responses including 6 complete responses have been obtained. These response rates compare favourably with those of earlier trials using interferon alone. Further work is necessary to determine the best combined dosage and method of administration for optimum immunobiological effect. PMID- 3476476 TI - Further experience with recombinant interferon alfa-2a with vinblastine in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a progress report. AB - Thirty-three patients with measurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma were entered into 2 consecutive phase II protocols using interferon alfa-2a. In protocol I, 20 patients were treated with interferon alfa-2a at a dose of 36 X 10(6) IU i.m. t.i.w. Vinblastine was also given to 18 of these patients at a dose of 0.10-0.15 mg/kg i.v. every 2-3 weeks, depending on the blood cell count. In protocol 2, 13 patients received interferon alfa-2a at a dose of 18 X 10(6) i.m. t.i.w. with stepwise dose escalations of 3 X 10(6) IU being given every 2 weeks to 8 patients. Vinblastine, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg every 3 weeks, was also given to 12 patients in protocol 2. Partial responses were seen in a total of 9 evaluable patients (lung, 5; lymph nodes, 2; liver, 1; and bone, 1), comprising 6 of 18 from protocol 1 and 3 of 13 from protocol 2. The median response duration was 89 days (range 91-540). No clinical parameter could be identified which was predictive for response. The subjective toxicity (flu-like symptoms and muscle pain) was considerable and necessitated dose reduction in 19 patients from protocol 1. The dose schedule of protocol 2 was tolerated better even after slight dose escalation. The considerable interpatient variation in toxicity, however, made any demonstration of a clear dose-toxicity relationship impossible. High dose interferon treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma combined with vinblastine results in a 33% response rate (95% confidence interval: 11 55%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476477 TI - Naloxone abolishes obsessive-compulsive behavior in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3476478 TI - Effects of topical treatment with piroxicam on prostaglandin synthesis in experimental uveitis. AB - We have assessed the efficacy of 0.5% piroxicam collyrium applied for 15 days to the eyes of rabbits in which uveitis had been experimentally induced. The results demonstrate the capability of the drug to easily overcome the ocular barrier. On the 30th day, a clear regression of the uveitis symptoms was observed, the hyperaemia having completely disappeared. By means of radioimmunological assay (RIA), it was found that the increased PGF2 alpha concentration in the aqueous humour had returned to normal levels. PMID- 3476480 TI - Working with families with infants with respiratory equipment in the home. PMID- 3476479 TI - Dentists who practice with spouses or relatives: a pilot study of practitioners in Iowa. PMID- 3476481 TI - New morpholino anthracyclines, MX, MX2, and MY5. PMID- 3476482 TI - A new class of biosynthetic anthracyclines: anthracyclinone glucuronides. PMID- 3476483 TI - Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced luteolysis on in vivo and in vitro progesterone production by individual placentomes of cows. AB - This study investigated placental progesterone production by bovine placentomes. Catheters were placed in the femoral artery (FA) and in the caruncular artery (CA), caruncular vein (CV) and lymphatic vessel of a prominent placentome of 13 cows at 200 d of gestation. Four of the 13 cows were given prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) after surgery, and blood and lymph were collected for progesterone determination. After 24 h, progesterone was higher (P less than .01) in FA and CA plasma from control cows that FA and CA plasma from PGF2 alpha-treated cows (5.11 +/- .29 and 5.17 +/- .64 vs 1.41 +/- .08 and 1.15 +/- .08 ng/ml, respectively), but CV concentrations were similar (3.38 +/- .30 vs 2.56 +/- .24, respectively). There was a net uptake of progesterone by placentomes from control cows (P less than .01) but a net secretion in PGF2 alpha-treated cows (P less than .05). Lymph contained low progesterone concentrations regardless of treatment. Cows were slaughtered at 240 d of gestation. Placentomes were removed and perfused with pregnenolone through the maternal and fetal arteries. Fetal venous effluent contained more progesterone than maternal venous effluent (P less than .001) in both groups, and fetal venous effluent of placentomes from PGF2 alpha-treated cows contained more progesterone than that from control cows (P less than .05). Maternal and fetal components of other placentomes were cultured alone or in co culture along with pregnenolone and (or) epostane. Fetal tissue produced more progesterone (P less than .001) than maternal tissue when each was cultured alone, but fetal tissue production declined when co-cultured with maternal tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476485 TI - Endodontics. Part III: Vertical compaction of warm gutta percha. PMID- 3476484 TI - Corpus luteum function following spontaneous or prostaglandin-induced estrus in Brahman cows and heifers. AB - Corpus luteum (CL) function following spontaneous or prostaglandin F2 alpha induced estrus was studied in 27 Brahman cows and 16 Brahman heifers. Females received one injection of 0, .38, .75 or 2.25 mg alfaprostol (PGF)/100 kg body weight at 12 +/- .1 d post-estrus. Serum progesterone (P4) during CL formation, following the subsequent estrus, increased over time (P less than .001, 1 to 13 d post-estrus) and was influenced by PGF (P less than .06) and a PGF X time interaction (P less than .02). Low serum P4 concentrations were observed during CL formation (d 3, 4, 10, and 12) in cattle that received 2.25 mg PGF. On d 13 post-estrus, CL were removed. No differences in weight, P4 content or number of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors was evident between CL derived 13 d following spontaneous vs PGF-induced estrus. The CL formed following PGF-induced estrus had fewer large (P less than .002) and small (P less than .09) luteal cells in heifers, a lower (P less than .008) percentage composition of histological type I and II luteal cells in cows and a lower (P less than .0001) in vitro P4 response to LH in both cows and heifers when compared with the CL formed following spontaneous estrus. Cows had heavier (P less than .002) CL with a higher (P less than .05) number of large cells, a higher (P less than .09) percentage composition of histological cell type I and II luteal cells, and a higher (P less than .03) in vitro basal and stimulated P4 secretion. It is concluded that 1) the events associated with artificially shortening the estrous cycle with PGF altered subsequent CL function in Brahman females; 2) cows had heavier CL, which were composed of more steroidogenically functional luteal cells, than heifers and 3) age of animal interacted with PGF to alter subsequent CL function in Brahman females. PMID- 3476486 TI - Effect of phospholipid on substrate phosphorylation by a catalytic fragment of protein kinase C. AB - Limited tryptic digestion of protein kinase C purified from mouse brain generated a 36-kDa fragment which no longer required Ca2+ and phospholipid for activity or bound phorbol ester. Under appropriate conditions, the isolated fragment was stable for several months at 4 degrees C or upon freezing and storage at -70 degrees C. Kinetic characteristics of the fragment were similar to those for the intact protein kinase. Although the fragment did not require phospholipid for activity, anionic phospholipids affected the extent of its activity in a pH-, substrate-, and substrate concentration-dependent manner. This effect appeared to be due to complex formation between the phospholipid and substrate. The catalytic fragment thus permits detection of a second point of interaction of phospholipid with the protein kinase C system in addition to the already described phospholipid regulatory domain. PMID- 3476487 TI - Evidence for increased synthesis as well as increased degradation of protein kinase C after treatment of human osteosarcoma cells with phorbol ester. AB - Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces time-dependent changes in protein kinase C subcellular distribution and enzymatic activity in the human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Short (less than 60 min) incubations with PMA caused decreased cytosolic enzyme activity and a concomitant increase in particulate protein kinase; after 3 h, particulate protein kinase C activity also declined to reach less than 10% of basal activity by 24 h (Krug, E., and Tashjian, Jr., A. H., (1987) Cancer Res. 47, 2243-2246). In order to determine whether the loss in enzyme activity was due to decreased enzyme protein, Western blot analyses were performed using a polyclonal antibody against protein kinase C raised in rabbits. This approach confirmed the previously reported time-related changes: 80-kDa immunoreactive protein kinase C initially translocated from the cytosol to the particulate cell fraction and later disappeared completely from the particulate fraction. Loss of protein kinase C enzymatic activity thus results from actual loss of the 80-kDa protein; we found no evidence for generation of a calcium/phospholipid-independent protein kinase C-like form of the enzyme. Membrane association was confirmed by immunoprecipitation experiments using [35S]methionine-labeled cells. Brief exposure to PMA caused a marked loss in the [35S]methionine-labeled cytosolic protein kinase C band and an increase in the labeled particulate band. Protein kinase C immunoprecipitated from cells treated with PMA for 14 h displayed an increase in [35S]methionine label despite a greater than 80% loss of enzyme activity. The high specific radioactivity of the remaining 80-kDa protein leads us to conclude that long term treatment with PMA causes an increase in the rate of protein kinase C synthesis accompanied by a still greater increase in the rate of enzyme degradation in SaOS-2 cells. PMID- 3476488 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of human transforming growth factor type beta 2. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of human type beta 2 transforming growth factor (hTGF-beta 2) was determined by automated Edman degradation of S-pyridylethylated hTGF-beta 2 and selected fragments. Cleavage of hTGF-beta 2 by enzymatic and chemical techniques established all the fragments in an unambiguous sequence. Human TGF-beta 2 consists of two disulfide-linked, identical subunits. Each hTGF beta 2 subunit is a single-chain polypeptide of 112 residues, with a calculated molecular weight of 12,720. Human TGF-beta 2 displays 71.4% sequence homology with the functionally related human TGF-beta 1, and is distantly related (23-40% amino acid identity) to porcine inhibins and activins, the carboxyl-terminal regions of human Mullerian inhibiting substance, and the putative decapentaplegic gene complex protein of Drosophila. PMID- 3476489 TI - High-performance liquid-chromatographic assay for prostaglandins with the use of p-(9-anthroyloxy)phenacyl bromide. AB - Gastric mucosa of rats and swine was incubated in buffer for 1 min to produce prostaglandins (PGs). After extraction and derivatization with p-(9 anthroyloxy)phenacyl bromide, the prostaglandin esters were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. A 20-microliter sample was injected into a microparticulate silica gel column with a mobile phase of dichloromethane acetonitrile-methanol (90:9:1). At a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min the retention times of the prostaglandin esters were 7.14 min (internal standard), 7.90 min (PGF2), 10.05 min (thromboxane2), 12.26 min (6 alpha-keto-PGF1 alpha) and 13.98 min (PGF2 alpha). In spite of high sensitivity (0.1 ng per sample) for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, only PGE2 synthesis was observed. PMID- 3476490 TI - The effect of the antiprogestins RU 486 and ZK 98734 on the synthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 in separated cells from early human decidua. AB - Enriched preparations of glandular and stromal cells were obtained from early human decidua and incubated for 24 h in the presence of two progesterone antagonists, RU 486 (17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-[4-dimethylaminophenyl]17 alpha-[1 propynyl]-estra-4,9-dien-3-one) and ZK 98734 (17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-4[4 dimethylaminophenyl]17 alpha-[3-hydroxy-1-propynyl]estra-4,9-dien-3-one) to determine the effect of the antiprogestins on the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and PGE2 and their subsequent conversion to 15-keto-13,14 dihydro-PGF2 alpha and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2. In the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA, 30 microM), both steroids stimulated PGF2 alpha release by glandular, but not stromal, cells (P less than 0.001) and inhibited the metabolism of PGF2 alpha by the glandular fraction (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001 respectively). In the absence of exogenous AA, RU 486 and ZK 98734 stimulated the release of PGF2 alpha from glandular, but not stromal, cells (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.005, respectively). Neither steroid altered the release or metabolism of PGE2 when the cells were incubated with AA, but both RU 486 and ZK 98734 increased the release of PGE2 by glandular, but not stromal, cells when incubated without AA (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001, respectively). Both steroids inhibited the metabolism of PGE2 under these conditions (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that 1) antiprogestins stimulate the synthesis of PGs by glandular cells in early human decidua, but do not alter the synthesis of PGs by stromal cells; 2) this stimulation of PG synthesis involves an effect on cyclooxygenase activity and is not a consequence of increased availability of endogenous AA; 3) the metabolism of PGs by glandular cells is altered by RU 486 and ZK 98734; 4) as RU 486 has greater antiglucocorticoid activity than ZK 98734, these results suggest that both steroids act on decidua by antagonizing endogenous progesterone rather than glucocorticoid activity. PMID- 3476492 TI - Cross susceptibility and absence of cross resistance to cefotetan and cefoxitin. AB - Tests with 2,713 bacterial isolates (members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive cocci) from 14 laboratories compared cefoxitin MICs with cefotetan MICs. Strains that were susceptible to cefoxitin could be assumed to be susceptible to cefotetan. Over half of the cefoxitin-resistant isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to cefotetan. PMID- 3476491 TI - Antibody to a synthetic oligopeptide in subjects at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - Detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the accepted method to screen blood products at risk to transmit infection. The presence of antibodies to HIV in 565 serum specimens from 274 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex, symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects at risk for AIDS, and controls was determined with an ELISA that incorporates synthetic peptides (designated E32/E34) representing sequences in the envelope glycoprotein gp41. Of 105 specimens from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, 3 specimens that were negative by commercially licensed ELISA and immunoblot test were similarly unreactive in the E32/E34 ELISA. For homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy, 186 specimens were positive by the E32/E34 ELISA and 63 specimens were negative. In comparison, with the licensed ELISA, 184 of these samples were positive and 65 samples were negative. The two samples that were positive in the E32/E34 ELISA but not the commercial kit were also positive by immunoblotting. Sequential sera from one individual who apparently underwent seroconversion according to the commercial assays were all positive by E32/E34 ELISA and immunoblotting. Thus, the ELISA with synthetic peptides is an extremely sensitive and specific test of antibody response to HIV and has not yet yielded a negative result with a Western blot (immunoblot)-confirmed antibody-positive serum. PMID- 3476493 TI - A frontal asymmetry analysis. PMID- 3476494 TI - Cephalometric changes from activator-headgear treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion. PMID- 3476495 TI - Cephalometic dose reduction with prepatient rare earth filtration. PMID- 3476496 TI - Impacted or not, beware the labial cuspid. PMID- 3476497 TI - Hepatic processing of transforming growth factor beta in the rat. Uptake, metabolism, and biliary excretion. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), a recently discovered polypeptide, modulates growth of normal and neoplastic cells. Since little is known concerning in vivo disposition of TGF beta, we performed studies to examine the hepatic processing of biologically active 125I-TGF beta in the rat. After intravenous injection, 125I-TGF beta disappeared from the plasma with an initial t1/2 of 2.2 min; partial hepatectomy delayed the plasma disappearance of 125I-TGF beta by 80%. 60 min after intrafemoral injection, 63% of the recovered label was present in liver and/or bile; by 90 min, most of the label removed by the liver (83%) had been slowly excreted into bile. Nearly all the label in bile (96%) was soluble in trichloracetic acid and not immunoprecipitable by specific antiserum. Colchicine and vinblastine inhibited cumulative biliary excretion of label by 28 and 37%, respectively; chloroquine and leupeptin each increased the amount of label in bile that was precipitable by trichloracetic acid and that coeluted with authentic 125I-TGF beta on molecular sieve chromatography. There was efficient first-pass hepatic extraction of 125I-TGF beta (36%) in the isolated perfused rat liver, which was inhibited by unlabeled TGF beta (but not by epidermal growth factor, EGF) and by lectins in a dose-dependent manner; prolonged fasting also decreased clearance (26%). After fractionation of liver by differential or isopycnic centrifugation, radiolabel codistributed with marker enzymes for lysosomes. The results indicate rapid, extensive, inhibitable, and organ selective extraction of TGF beta by the liver. After extraction, TGF beta undergoes efficient transhepatic transport, extensive intracellular metabolism, and slow but complete biliary excretion of its metabolites. Liver fractionation studies and pharmacologic manipulations suggest that these processes are associated with organelles that include microtubules and lysosomes. The data suggest that the liver is a major target tissue or site of metabolism for biologically active TGF beta. PMID- 3476500 TI - Choice of surgical treatment for Graves' disease. AB - Functional and cosmetic ophthalmic complications of Graves' (1835) disease are dysthyroid optic neuropathy, exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbances. This paper describes and elaborates on the surgical procedures used when these complications are present. In severe exophthalmos and optic neuropathy we use an orbital decompression of the orbital floor sometimes combined with the medial wall, via an anterior approach. In eyelid retraction, we perform a recession of the levator muscle with scleral graft implantation. In concomitant strabismus, surgery is usually limited to recessions of the involved muscles, most of the surgery is directed to the inferior and medial rectus, as these are the most commonly affected muscles. The indications depend on the status of the patient at the time of referral. For severe exophthalmos with true retraction of the upper eyelid, we begin by treatment of the retraction and if this is not sufficient, we perform orbital decompression. For severe exophthalmos with oculomotor disturbances, we perform orbital decompression and later, the strabismus surgery. For oculomotor disturbances with eyelid retraction, we perform the strabismus surgery at the first and the eyelid retraction at the second stage. When there is a combination of exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbance, the indications and the choice of treatment are difficult and depend on numerous factors. If orbital decompression is indicated, it will be done first, followed by the strabismus surgery and at a later stage, the eyelid retraction. If only the eyelid retraction is treated, it will be done after the strabismus surgery. The chronological order of treatment depends on the modification we observe on the other components of the ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3476499 TI - Cyclical oxidation-reduction of the C3 position on bile acids catalyzed by 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. II. Studies in the prograde and retrograde single-pass, perfused rat liver and inhibition by indomethacin. AB - [3 beta-3H, 24-14C]Lithocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and cholic acids were administered in tracer bolus doses either prograde or retrograde in the isolated perfused rat liver. Little 3H loss from cholic acid was observed, whereas with the other bile acids, 20-40% of the administered 3H was lost in a single pass from perfusate to bile. Most of the 3H loss occurred rapidly (5 min) and was recovered as [3H]water in perfusate. Excretion of bile acids was delayed with retrograde administration, and 3H loss was more extensive. In both prograde and retrograde studies, indomethacin markedly inhibited the excretion of the bolus of bile acid into bile. Indomethacin inhibited the extraction of glycocholate (50 microM) during steady state perfusion without affecting transport maximum for excretion. At lower glycocholate concentration (5 microM), indomethacin inhibited both extraction and excretion. A greater effect was seen on excretion in the latter case, which suggests that displacement of bile acid from the cytosolic protein lead to redistribution in the hepatocyte as well as reflux into the sinusoid. These data suggest that binding of bile acids to cytosolic 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases occurs extensively during hepatic transit and is important in mediating the translocation of bile acids from the sinusoidal to canalicular pole of the cell. PMID- 3476498 TI - Cyclical oxidation-reduction of the C3 position on bile acids catalyzed by rat hepatic 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. I. Studies with the purified enzyme, isolated rat hepatocytes, and inhibition by indomethacin. AB - We recently identified that the Y' bile acid binders are 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3 alpha-HSD). In the present studies, purified 3 alpha-HSD catalyzed rapid 3H loss from [3 beta-3H, C24-14C]lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids without net conversion to 3-oxo bile acids under physiologic pH and redox conditions. [3 beta-3H]Cholic acid was a poor substrate. The Y' fraction of hepatic cytosol was exclusively responsible for this activity and 3H was transferred selectively to NADP+. Time-dependent 3H loss was also seen in isolated hepatocytes. Further hydroxylation products of lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids lost 3H at the same rate, whereas 3H loss from lithocholic acid rapidly ceased, which suggests compartmentation of this bile acid in hepatocytes. Indomethacin inhibited 3H loss from bile acids either in incubations with the pure enzyme or in isolated hepatocytes. Indomethacin did not alter the initial uptake rate of bile acids by hepatocytes, but caused a redistribution of unconjugated bile acids into the medium at early time points (2.5 and 5.0 min) and that of conjugated bile acids at later time intervals (30 min). 3H loss from the 3 beta position therefore can be used to probe the interaction between bile acids and cytosolic 3 alpha-HSD in intact cells, and indomethacin is capable of inhibiting this interaction. PMID- 3476502 TI - Aesthetic improvement resulting from craniofacial surgery in craniosynostosis syndromes. AB - A consecutive series of 21 patients with craniosynostosis syndromes (9 Crouzon's, 6 Pfeiffer's, 6 Apert's) was evaluated for reconstructive postoperative aesthetic improvement resulting from craniofacial surgery (Le Fort III, sliding genioplasty, nasal septal reconstruction and cranioplasty). The same consecutive series of patients had been previously evaluated for stability of Le Fort III advancement. All the patients were assessed at least one year post operatively. Stability of the advancement was confirmed. In the present study, various midline bony and soft tissue profile measurements were obtained from lateral cephalograms. These measurements were compared to similar measurements (standards) in normals. "Normal" standards and "normal" appearance imply harmonious and aesthetically pleasing facial features. This study showed markedly abnormal positions of the selected bony and soft tissue landmarks preoperatively compared to the normal but following surgery the measurements studied approached or were similar to the normal standards. Based on these measurements, the patient's appearance improved significantly following reconstructive craniofacial surgery. Suggestions for additional surgery based on these studies are made. PMID- 3476503 TI - The overlapping bone flap genioplasty. AB - The overlapping bone flap genioplasty is the transposition of the inferior part of the mandibular symphysis in front of the anterior mandibular cortex. The fragment remains attached to the medial fibres of the suprahyoid muscles. A study of long-term results (minimum 6 months) in 29 adults and 17 adolescents has shown a mean bone resorption of 24% in the first group, and 40% in the second group, with some unpredictable variations. The maximum resorption occurs between the 3rd and the 6th postoperative months and there is minimal change afterwards. The soft tissue-osseous advancement is close to 75% in the adult and is comparable to the result of the standard sliding genioplasty. PMID- 3476501 TI - Secondary post-traumatic periorbital surgery. Incidence and results. AB - Over a 6 year period 20 patients presented for secondary corrections of the periorbital region after trauma. Corrections after isolated fracture of the zygoma were necessary in 6 cases, mainly comprising re-osteotomies and contour corrections. A tertiary correction was needed only once (17%). Secondary treatment was indicated in 6 patients after fracture of the midface, necessitating mainly re-osteotomies of the zygoma, corrections of the nose and canthopexies. Tertiary corrections were performed in 3 cases (50%). In 8 patients the results of treatment of fronto-orbito-nasal fractures required further improvement. Again, osteotomies of the zygoma, corrections of the nose as well as corrections of scars and bony contours were often indicated. Four cases (50%) needed tertiary surgery. It is concluded that the more serious the primary trauma the greater the necessity for further secondary surgery. Independently of the kind of primary trauma the indication for secondary treatment was, in most cases, aesthetic. Not only was the number of re-osteotomies and nasal corrections high, but also the number of tertiary revisions. While this might not be very surprising for the nose, it is for the zygoma and proves the difficulties which arise for perfect positioning when there are no clear landmarks. Forty percent of all patients underwent tertiary and one patient needs a quaternary correction. PMID- 3476505 TI - The relationship of sanguinaria extract concentration and zinc ion to plaque and gingivitis. AB - The effects of sanguinaria extract and zinc chloride on plaque growth and gingivitis inhibition were assessed on subjects with initially plaque-free tooth surfaces using a series of oral rinses in a single-blind, crossover, no-oral hygiene study lasting 2 weeks. A placebo oral rinse containing no sanguinaria or zinc chloride (A), and test rinses containing 150 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and 0.2% zinc chloride (B), 300 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and no zinc chloride (C), and 300 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and 0.2% zinc chloride (D) were evaluated. Subjects using the higher concentration rinses C and D had significantly lower plaque scores than rinse A at 7 and 14 days (p less than 0.05 for C, p less than 0.01 for D). However, groups C and D were not significantly different from each other. Group D had significantly lower plaque (p less than 0.05) and gingivitis (p less than 0.01) scores than group B. Subjects who used rinse B and placebo rinse A had the highest plaque and gingivitis scores and comparison of these two groups revealed no significant difference. At the end of 14 days, the % distribution of 0 plaque and gingivitis scores was greatest among subjects using rinses C and D. Subjects in these 2 groups also had the lowest incidence of plaque and gingivitis scores of 2+. It is concluded that the effects of sanguinaria rinses on developing plaque and gingivitis are influenced more by sanguinaria concentrations than the presence or absence of zinc ion, but that zinc ion may provide a mild enhancement of sanguinaria effectiveness against gingivitis. PMID- 3476504 TI - A clinical, demographic and microbiologic study of ANUG patients in an urban dental school. AB - 35 ANUG patients were examined and compared clinically and demographically. Plaque removed from ulcerated sites in 20 patients was cultured using quantitative anaerobic procedures and examined by electron and darkfield microscopy. Patients were classified as having ANUG when presenting with ulceration and necrosis of interproximal papillae, pain and bleeding. The clinical symptoms of fetid odor, pseudomembrane formation, lymphadenopathy and elevated body temperature were present in 97%, 85%, 61% and 39% of the ANUG patients, respectively. 83% of the patients were smokers. The ANUG patients demonstrated a lower average age (24 years) than the general clinic population (32 years). There was a slightly higher % of male (54%) than female (46%) and the % of Caucasian (51%) and black (49%) ANUG patients were almost equal. Cultural studies revealed that gram-negative rods were the predominant cultivable micro organisms present in the plaque, representing 78.2% of the total recoverable count. Of these, nearly half were strict anaerobes with Bacteroides gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum accounting for 7.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Anaerobic and facultative gram-positive cocci (15.5%), gram-negative cocci (3.5%) and gram positive rods (2.8%) were also isolated. Microscopic analysis of the morphologic composition of plaque revealed that rods (43%) constituted the greatest % of the total microorganisms observed followed by spirochetes (30%) and cocci (27%). 8 distinct types of spirochetal periplasmic flagellar arrangement were observed by electron microscopy, the "2-4-2" periplasmic flagellar arrangement being most numerous. PMID- 3476506 TI - Periodontal conditions of teeth adjacent to extraction sites. AB - The purpose of the present clinical study was to evaluate the effect of tooth extractions on the periodontal conditions of adjacent teeth. 40 patients were selected for the study. Prior to the extractions, baseline data of the adjacent teeth were obtained. Plaque (PII) and gingival indices (GI), pocket probing depths and probing attachment levels were scored. In addition, the alveolar bone height was determined radiographically in relation to the CEJ adjacent to the extraction sites. The contralateral side of the jaw, where no tooth had to be removed, was examined as a control. A limited hygienic phase (scaling and root planing of all surfaces examined) was performed immediately prior to the extractions. Using the same parameters, all sites were reexamined 2-4 months and 6-9 months following the extractions. After the hygienic phase, the teeth adjacent to the extraction sites indicated a decrease in the pocket probing depths by 0.5 to 1.5 mm. In shallow pockets (1-3 mm), this decrease was less pronounced than in moderate to deep pockets (4-9 mm), where it was composed of shrinkage of the gingival tissues and gain of probing attachment. The radiographic level of the bony alveolar crest in relation to the CEJ of the adjacent teeth was not altered by the extraction procedure. The oral hygiene performances of the patients were not influenced during the 9-month observation period. Therefore, neither PII nor GI scores showed relevant improvements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476507 TI - The relationship between periodontal conditions and perceptions of periodontal health among Pakistani immigrants in Norway. AB - The purpose of the present study was to assess the periodontal status of Pakistani immigrants in Norway, a Third World population in an industrialized country. The findings were related to treatment needs, socio-demographic variables and cultural beliefs about periodontal health. The mean number of remaining teeth ranged from 27.7 in the 20-24-year-old age group to 25.1 in the group of 35-year-olds and older. Very few of the study population had no plaque or no subgingival calculus. Only 7.5% of the participants exhibited no bleeding at any index teeth. Age and residence in Pakistan were the strongest predictors of subgingival calculus and pocket depth. Those from the rural areas of Pakistan had deeper pockets than those from the cities. The data showed a population with high prevalences of teeth with plaque, subgingival calculus and frequent gingival bleeding, but few sites with deep pockets. A periodontal treatment need index would indicate a substantial amount of treatment time. The present study suggests that also the perceived periodontal conditions, should be taken into account when periodontal services and health education strategies are planned. The concept of periodontal illness is introduced, defined as a person's perceptions and interpretations of periodontal symptoms. PMID- 3476508 TI - Non-Gaussian distribution of differences between duplicate probing depth measurements. AB - The present study aims to determine the accuracy and the distribution of the error of probing depth measurements. Duplicate measurements were performed at 1069 sites in 13 subjects. Measurements in shallow pockets (less than or equal to 3 mm) were significantly (p less than 0.001) more reproducible than measurements in deep pockets (greater than 3 mm). The overall standard deviation of the measurements was 0.74 mm. Differences between duplicate measurements were not normally distributed. Differences of 2 mm or more were recorded more frequently than one would expect on basis of the standard deviation and a hypothetical normal distribution. The observed frequency of large differences (greater than or equal to 3 mm) is much higher than the theoretical change as suggested in the literature that such differences may occur as a result of the inaccurate probing measurements. This finding implies consequences for the chance of making false claims that true changes in probing depth and attachment level have occurred over time, if the claims are based on the standard deviation and the wrong assumption that the error of the measurement is normally distributed. PMID- 3476509 TI - Cell and fiber attachment to demineralized dentin. A comparison between normal and periodontitis-affected root surfaces. AB - The purpose of the present study was to compare and contrast cellular, connective tissue, and epithelial responses to dentin specimens derived from the roots of either normal or periodontitis-affected human teeth after surface demineralization. Rectangular dentin specimens, with opposite faces of root and pulpal dentin, were derived from beneath root surfaces covered by periodontal ligament (normal) or calculus-covered areas of periodontitis-affected teeth. In each of the groups, the specimens were treated with citric acid (pH 1 for 3 min), whereupon they were implanted transcutaneously into incisional wounds on the dorsal surface of rats with one end of the implant protruding through the skin. 4 specimens were available in each group at 10 days after implantation. Histologic and histometric analyses of the root surfaces of the implants included counts of adhering cells, evaluation of connective tissue fiber relationships, and assessment of epithelial migration. New connective tissue attachment with inhibition of epithelial migration occurred in both groups. Cementum formation was not present. Comparisons between the groups showed no significant differences regarding length of implant surface adjacent to connective tissue, number of attached cells, or density and diameter of attached fibers. The fiber attachment system which had developed on these demineralized surfaces seemed intrinsic to the connective tissue location, and differed morphologically from corresponding fibers attaching the root surface in a normal periodontium. It was concluded that there were no observable differences between the new connective tissue attachment systems which developed on demineralized dentin from either normal or periodontitis-affected root surfaces. PMID- 3476510 TI - Peripheral ameloblastoma--a clinical dilemma in gingival lesions. AB - A case of peripheral ameloblastoma on the gingiva of a 50-year-old male is presented. The clinical and histological picture of the lesion is described. The etiology and the dilemma in the differential diagnosis of this peripheral odontogenic tumor is discussed. PMID- 3476511 TI - Cell surface hydrophobicity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. AB - Oral bacteria colonize the dento-gingival tissues in a selective manner. Hydrophobic reactions have been suggested as one of the major mechanisms of adhesion. Hydrophobicity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (Aa) cells was studied in vitro using adherence to the liquid hydrocarbon, octane. Adherence of Aa cells to octane varied from 60-90%, depending on the medium in which they were grown, age of the culture and the buffer in which the assay was carried out. These data suggest that Aa is a hydrophobic bacterium, the hydrophobicity of which is expressed to a varying degree, and may have a role in its adherence to oral tissues. PMID- 3476512 TI - 3 different methods of quantifying alveolar bone levels. PMID- 3476514 TI - Effect of sanguinaria extract on established plaque and gingivitis when supragingivally delivered as a manual rinse or under pressure in an oral irrigator. AB - Sanguinaria extract (sanguinaria) solutions were evaluated in 44 subjects in a 2 week, no oral hygiene study as a 300 micrograms/ml manual rinse, and the results compared to supragingival irrigation with 22.5 micrograms/ml sanguinaria concentration and supragingival irrigation with water. Both the manual use of sanguinaria and supragingival irrigation of dilute sanguinaria produced significantly less plaque growth than supragingival irrigation with deionized water. In terms of % changes from baseline, manual rinsing and supragingival irrigation with sanguinaria limited plaque growth to 17.7% and 24.2%, respectively, while irrigation with water had a 51.5% growth. For gingivitis, control supragingival irrigation with sanguinarine and with water were statistically different from manual rinsing with sanguinaria. Compared to baseline, the groups irrigating with sanguinaria and with water had gingivitis reductions of 68.7% and 73.3%, respectively, while manual rinsing with sanguinaria had a 29.6% reduction. The results suggest that dilute solutions of sanguinaria delivered via rinsing or supragingival irrigation are effective in controlling plaque as an additional benefit to the use of supragingival irrigation to control gingivitis. Supragingival irrigation with sanguinaria as part of a home care routine for patients with plaque and gingivitis is suggested. PMID- 3476513 TI - Effect of sanguinaria extract on development of plaque and gingivitis when supragingivally delivered as a manual rinse or under pressure in an oral irrigator. AB - The effects on developing plaque and gingivitis following rinsing with a placebo oral rinse or an oral rinse containing 300 micrograms/ml sanguinaria extract (sanguinaria) were compared to effects produced by supragingival irrigation with dilute solutions of the rinse corresponding to 22.5 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and 90 micrograms/ml sanguinaria. The study design was a repeated measures, single blind crossover with no oral hygiene over 2 weeks duration. After 7 and 14 [corrected] days, significantly lower plaque and gingivitis scores were obtained with use of the sanguinaria-containing rinse and irrigating solutions compared with the placebo rinse. There were no significant differences in plaque and gingivitis scores between the groups using the sanguinaria rinse and the sanguinaria irrigating solutions. A comparison [corrected] of % distribution of 0, 1 and 2+ scores also indicated that rinsing and supragingival irrigation with sanguinaria was more effective in plaque and gingivitis control than rinsing with the placebo. The results suggest that sanguinaria oral rinse may be effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis when delivered by manual rinsing or supragingival irrigation. PMID- 3476515 TI - Comparative effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts and cementoblasts. AB - Although bone, dentin and dental cementum are mesenchymal mineralized tissues composed mainly of collagen and hydroxy apatite, they differ markedly in their suceptibility to resorption. Bone undergoes physiological resorption to which the dental tissues appear to be resistant. Recently, the cells covering bone surfaces have been attributed a regulatory role in osteoclastic bone resorption by exposing the bone surface following stimulation with hormones and inflammatory mediators, thereby allowing osteoclasts to colonize the bone surface. In the present study, it was shown that reparative cementum-forming cells covering an experimental cavity in the root surface of replanted monkey incisors were unaffected by parathyroid hormone, a potent mediator of bone resorption. In parallel experiments, endocranial osteoblasts exposed bone surface by widening their inercellular spaces. It was concluded that the layer of cells covering the root surface forms a protective barrier against resorption which serves to preserve the integrity of the dental root. PMID- 3476516 TI - Cellular colonization of denuded root surfaces in vivo: cell morphology in dentin resorption and cementum repair. AB - Cellular colonization of denuded root surfaces on replanted teeth was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The dentin surface was rapidly colonized by a few macrophage-like cells which resorbed dentin in limited areas. They had well developed ruffled borders but no clear zones. The resorptive activity was gradually inhibited by the ingrowth of a monolayer of fibroblast-like cells from the periphery of the denuded area. At the advancing front, the ingrowing fibroblast-like cells were long and slender, with long tail-like projections trailing the nuclear domain. The invading cells behind these were well-spread and tightly packed. They had a granulated surface and showed morphological signs of fibre synthesis. After 6 weeks, the entire cavity was covered by a monolayer of these cells. Removal of the cells with sodium hypochlorite revealed that a cementum-like tissue had been formed under the invading cells, indicating that they were cementoblasts. It was concluded that wound repair on the root surface is dependent upon the differentiation and proliferation of pre-cementoblasts in the periphery of the wound and that cells in the main body of the periodontal membrane are of little significance in the healing process on the root surface. PMID- 3476517 TI - Effects of citric acid and fibronectin and laminin application in treating periodontitis. AB - To determine the effect on new connective tissue attachment of citric acid conditioning and fibronectin-laminin application in treating naturally occurring periodontitis, all 4 quadrants in each of 2 Beagle dogs were used. Each quadrant included: P2, P3, P4, and M1 teeth. 2 treatment modalities were employed and comparatively analyzed for differences in histological healing respponses at 120 days after surgery. The treatments were: (1) surgery (mucoperiosteal flaps) plus citric acid; (2) surgery plus citric acid followed by fibronectin-laminin application. After scaling and root planing, coronal and root surface reference notches were placed for histometric measurements. Following each of the randomly assigned treatments, flaps were sutured. After sacrifice, tissue blocks of treated areas were decalcified and serially cut, obtaining bucco-lingual and mesiodistal sections. Using a Filar micrometer, 5 distances were masured on the buccal aspect: (1) from root surface notch to alveolar bone crest; (2) from root surface notch to coronal extent of the cementum; (3) from root surface notch to apical extent of the junctional epithelium; 84) from free gingival margin to apical extent of junctional epithelium; (5) from the coronal notch to the alveolar bone crest. Results showed no differences among the 5 measurements between the 2 treatments tested. On mesio-distal sections, surface area determinations were made in the furcations, evaluating the space occupied by new connective tissue, with or without bone, or by epithelium. For this, images were digitized using a Zeiss IBAS Image analysis system with a 4mB of array processor memory coupled to a Newvicon TV camera and a microcomputer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476518 TI - Constant force probing with and without a stent in untreated periodontal disease: the clinical reproducibility problem and possible sources of error. AB - There is presently no satisfactory method of detecting periodontal disease activity at a specified site by means of clinical measurements. This study was designed to examine the possible sources of error with regard to probing measurement reliability. Intra-examiner reproducibility of probing measurements was studied at 766 sites in 10 patients with untreated periodontitis, using a 0.25 N hinged constant force probe (a) with a stent for guidance and landmark, and (b) without stent. The stent made little difference to overall reproducibility of probing depths, though it appeared to reduce variation in different areas. Repeated probing led to an increase in some measurements, perhaps by an effect on tissues. Reproducibility of probing depth was lower in deep pockets, and about 2% of all probing depth scores varied by 3 mm or more at the same site. 4 possible sources of measurement error were noted: visual and tactile observational error, positional error and tissue change. The results are discussed in relation to the clinical detection of periodontal disease activity. PMID- 3476520 TI - Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (VIII). Probing attachment changes related to clinical characteristics. AB - Individual sites with gain and loss of probing attachment were identified amongst 1688 proximal sites in non-molar teeth from 49 patients monitored for 24 months following oral hygiene instruction and root debridement. The distribution of sites with gain and loss of probing attachment was studied within each of the 49 subjects, for each of the 10 different tooth types treated, for teeth with and without root canal fillings, for mesial and distal surfaces, and for surfaces with and without the presence of root concavity/furcation involvement. Similarly, sites with gain and loss were related to the following measurements of the severity of the initial lesion: initial probing depth, radiographic bone score, depth of radiographic intraosseous defect, and radiographically widened periodontal ligament. The analyses indicated that subjects with a higher proportion of sites with probing attachment gain tended to have a lower proportion of sites with probing attachment loss. Sites with deep initial probing depth demonstrated a high incidence of gain and a low incidence of loss of probing attachment. All other investigated characteristics showed weak or no association with probing attachment change following therapy. This report indicates that the 24-month outcome of plaque control and root debridement in proximal surfaces of non-molar teeth is not compromised by the severity of the initial soft tissue or bony lesion. PMID- 3476519 TI - Effect of periodontal therapy on specific antibody responses to suspected periodontopathogens. AB - The effects of clinically successful periodontal therapy were studied in juvenile periodontitis (JP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP) patients and compared with periodontally healthy subjects (HS). Serum samples were obtained in 35 HS prior to the study and in 12 of these subjects 3-4 years later. Serum samples were obtained from 50 JP patients initially, 9 subjects immediately following surgical therapy and 29 of these subjects 3-4 years later. RP patients provided 46 initial serum samples, 9 following therapy and 27 samples 3-4 years later. Antibody levels were determined utilizing a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Bacteroides gingivalis, B. ochracea, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serving as antigens. The JP patients showed an initial rise in antibody levels immediately following therapy followed by a significant decrease in antibody levels 3 to 4 years later. The RP patients did not show an early change in antibody levels but by 3 to 4 years post therapy, antibody levels had significantly decreased. However, during this study, the antibody levels of JP and RP patients remained significantly higher when compared with HS patients. PMID- 3476521 TI - Successful treatment of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with isotretinoin. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus had the additional finding of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus. The lesions cleared with an 11-week course of isotretinoin alone. She has remained without recurrence for 9 months. This is the first reported case of total resolution of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with a short course of isotretinoin. PMID- 3476522 TI - Water! Water! PMID- 3476523 TI - A three-year clinical comparison of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice with sodium fluoride dentifrices on dental caries in children. AB - This study compared the anticaries effects of these three fluoride-containing dentifrices: 1100 ppm F as NaF (positive control); 2800 ppm F as SMFP; and 2800 ppm F as NaF. The group using the 2800 SMFP dentifrice showed no significant differences in DMFS or DMFT, compared to the positive control, at anytime during the study. This indicated that higher levels of sodium monofluorophosphate in a dentifrice offer no advantage in caries protection over the conventional level of sodium fluoride, 1100 ppm F. PMID- 3476525 TI - Increasing use of dental services by very young children. AB - The increasing use of dental services by very young children is part of the generally improving outlook for pediatric dentists, and is due in part to a generally changing awareness of the value and use of health services. Many traditional use patterns for different racial groups persist. PMID- 3476524 TI - Frequency of undesirable side-effects following professionally applied topical fluoride. AB - Of total of 149 questionnaires distributed to parents, ninety-one were completed and returned (61.1 percent). Overall, six children reported side-effects, including nausea and vomiting, either immediately or within one hour following treatment. Age and weight were not factors in experiencing side-effects. PMID- 3476526 TI - The relationship between the intake frequency and the total consumption of sucrose among four South African ethnic groups. AB - Frequency of intake of sucrose and its total consumption have been implicated as major causative factors in the pathogenesis of dental caries. In the absence of contrary information, it seems that the figure of five sugar exposures per day is a prudent one for the practitioner to recommend to young patients. PMID- 3476527 TI - The effects of spastic cerebral palsy on occlusion. AB - This research paper compares dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs of thirty children with spastic cerebral palsy with those of a control group to determine what effect spasticity and cerebral palsy have on dental occlusion and skeletal formation. Muscle spasticity can retard bone growth. Variations in the normal tonus of head and neck muscles can cause malocclusion and arch deformity. PMID- 3476529 TI - Diagnosis of developmental dental anomalies using panoramic radiographs. AB - Early detection and diagnosis require medical and dental histories, clinical examination, and radiographs. The panoramic radiograph will yield more accurate results in children older than eight to nine years, when most tooth buds should be discernible. PMID- 3476528 TI - The effects of indomethacin on resorption and ankylosis in replanted teeth. AB - Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory analgesic, interferes with the action of prostaglandin synthetase such that osteoclastic activity is reduced. Encouraging results were obtained, pointing toward an improved long-term prognosis for replanted teeth, and as a possible solution to excessive root resorption. PMID- 3476530 TI - Iron and exercise interactions. PMID- 3476531 TI - Lymphangiomas of the alveolar ridge in a neonate: report of case. AB - Two alveolar ridge lymphangiomas in a black neonate were identified. No case of neonatal lymphangioma in a non-black has been reported. The majority of treatments for lymphangiomas have been either surgical removal or allowing for spontaneous regression. Both treatments were tried in this case with equal success. The treatment of choice may be to allow for spontaneous regression with periodic monitoring, if the lesion is not endangering the child, thus avoiding surgery. PMID- 3476532 TI - Lymphangioma of the tongue: report of case. AB - Lymphangiomas are benign tumors of the lymphatic vessels, usually found in children. Lymphangiomas, however, may be misdiagnosed and in the absence of treatment may increase in size, producing macroglossia, swallowing and speech interferences, and respiratory difficulty. The size and isolated location of the lesion in the midline of the tongue reported here are unusual; few similar cases have been reported in the literature. Complete surgical excision provided not only removal of the lesion, but allowed normal recontouring of the tongue. PMID- 3476533 TI - Talon cusp affecting the primary maxillary central incisors: report of case. AB - The shape of the cusp, in this dental anomaly, resembles an eagle's talon, and cusp length may vary--sometimes extending beyond the incisal edge of the tooth. This report describes a case in which both primary maxillary central incisors were affected, in a one-year-old Hispanic male. PMID- 3476534 TI - Complex odontoma: report of case. AB - This is a case report of a six-year-old boy with a complex odontoma, associated with an unerupted central incisor with a hypoplastic defect in the enamel and a malocclusion. Expedient removal provided an unobstructed path for the eruption of the central incisor. PMID- 3476535 TI - Cherubism: report of three cases. AB - Cherubism is a very rare, inherited autosomal-dominant disease, affecting mostly the mandible. Usually the chief complaint on examination is painless bilateral swelling involving the angles of the mandible. On palpation, the lesions are hard and the jaw is expanded; often there is displacement of erupted teeth. PMID- 3476536 TI - Patterns of dental fluorosis in a European country in relation to the fluoride concentration of drinking water. AB - Dental fluorosis among 456 14-16-year-old schoolchildren who had resided continuously since birth in their respective study areas was recorded using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov classification system. The children fell into four groups according to fluoride concentration of their drinking water: (1) less than or equal to 0.1 ppm; (2) 0.3-0.5 ppm; (3) 0.5-1.25 ppm; and (4) 1.26-2.0 ppm. It was found that the later in childhood the tooth was formed, the higher was the prevalence of dental fluorosis. The fluoride concentration in the drinking water affected the prevalence of dental fluorosis in all teeth except the lower incisors, which are formed very early in life. Apart from these teeth, the proportionate increase of dental fluorosis with increasing water fluoride concentration was almost the same for all tooth types. However, the actual amount of increase in the prevalence and degree of fluorosis was greatest among those teeth that formed later during childhood. The observed fluorosis is presumed to result from and reflect the drinking water habits in the population as well as the patterns of use of fluoride prophylactics. PMID- 3476537 TI - A comparison of the effects of continuous and periodic fluoride delivery on fluoride levels in plasma, enamel, and bones of nursing rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the F levels in plasma, enamel, and bones of nursing rat pups that received the same daily dose of F by continuous or periodic delivery during enamel development. The hypothesis was that F delivered continuously would result in enamel F levels higher than those attained when F was delivered periodically. For continuous delivery, copolymer devices (Southern Research Institute) that provide slow release of F were implanted in the backs of four-day-old rat pups. For periodic delivery, rat pups received F by intraperitoneal injection or gastric intubation. The doses were 0.01, 0.02, or 0.04 mg F/day. The rats were killed at 13 days of age, 24 hours after the last periodic delivery. Plasma was collected, femur and calvaria bones were removed, and enamel was scraped from developing first molars. Fluoride assay was by the microdiffusion method of Taves, with a F electrode. For the 0.02 mg F/day dose, plasma levels in control, implanted, injected, and gastric-intubated rats were 0.004, 0.020, 0.011, and 0.009 ppm, respectively. Enamel F levels were 1.1, 61.9, 54.0, and 42.3 ppm, respectively. Femur F levels were 2.2, 81.2, 84.8, and 68.1 ppm, respectively. Calvaria F levels were 2.5, 79.3, 80.1, and 67.9 ppm, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the enamel F levels or in the bone F levels in rat pups that received continuous or periodic, by injection, delivery of F at the same daily dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476538 TI - A bacteriological study of rampant caries in children. AB - We undertook a microbiological study, in children, of dental plaque from sound surfaces or associated with rampant caries, both black-colored and unstained. Improved selective media allowed for the enumeration of bacteria belonging to specific genera or species present in plaque samples. A nearly similar bacterial distribution was found in both types of rampant caries. Aciduric flora, Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella, and Lactobacillus predominated in plaque over the lesions, whereas extracellular polysaccharide-producing streptococci other than S. mutans, as well as Actinomyces, were more abundant in plaque from sound surfaces. However, more lactobacilli and Actinomyces were recovered from pigmented lesions than from the unstained ones. These findings suggest that the microbial flora associated with black-pigmented lesions did not strongly differ from that observed over unstained caries lesions. PMID- 3476539 TI - Temperature-dependence of compressive properties of human dentin. AB - The effect of temperature on compressive stress/strain behavior of human dentin obtained from recently extracted permanent lower molar teeth has been determined over the range 0-80 degrees C. Dentin specimens were loaded uni-axially in a direction perpendicular to the tubule orientation. A statistically significant, linear regression relationship was found between modulus (E) and temperature (T): E (GPa) = 15.55-0.0734 . (T degrees C). The observed temperature coefficient of the modulus is in close agreement with that observed for cortical bone. Proportional limit, compressive strength, and resilience were also found to undergo a linear decrease with increasing temperature. Mechanical failure of specimens generally occurred along lines determined by maximum shear stresses, approximately 45 degrees to the axial load direction. PMID- 3476540 TI - Dissolution of mercury from amalgam into saline solution. AB - Dissolution of mercury from amalgams and some intermetallic compounds found in the amalgam structure, such as gamma 1, gamma 2, and beta 1, was examined during one week of aging in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 degrees C. The amount of mercury released from gamma 1 (30.2 micrograms/cm2) was at least 13 times that released from amalgam (0.5-2.2 micrograms/cm2) and five times that released from beta 1(5.7 micrograms/cm2). Gamma 2 released the least amount of mercury (0.46 micrograms/cm2). The study revealed that as high as 55% of the mercury ions liberated from the amalgams and the amalgam phases was adsorbed onto the walls of the vials in which the specimens were aged. PMID- 3476541 TI - Effects of water-soluble components of cheese on experimental caries in humans. AB - The effect of water-soluble components of extra-old Cheddar cheese on experimental caries was tested by means of the seven-day intraoral cariogenicity test (ICT). Two bovine enamel blocks were placed in each buccal flange of the dental appliances of five volunteers. One side of each appliance (experimental) was dipped in a 25% water extract of the cheese for five min, while the other side (control) was dipped in de-ionized water. Immediately thereafter, the appliance was returned to the subject's mouth, and two 60-second rinses with 10% sucrose were performed. These procedures were repeated six times per day. The cheese-extract dippings reduced the cariogenicity of the sucrose by an average of 55.7% (p less than 0.01), as assessed by enamel microhardness. Neither the mean resting pH nor the mean minimum pH in response to sucrose was significantly different between the experimental and control sides. The concentration of calcium was significantly higher in plaque from the experimental side (32.44 micrograms/mg) as compared with the control side (19.36 micrograms/mg, p less than 0.01). The concentration of plaque phosphorus was higher on the experimental side (12.90 micrograms/mg) than on the control side (9.61 micrograms/mg); however, the difference was not statistically significant. These results show that cheese has one or more water-soluble components which reduce experimental caries in human subjects. PMID- 3476542 TI - The influence of plaque on reaction mechanism of MFP and NaF in vivo. AB - A modified Intra-oral Cariogenicity Test was used to study the influence of plaque on the reaction mechanism of sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) or sodium fluoride (NaF) in either sound or demineralized enamel in vivo. Volunteer students, wearing mouth appliances holding enamel blocks, rinsed their mouths with MFP or NaF solution (1,000 ppm F-) three times a day. The amount of loosely bound and acquired fluoride was determined after an experimental period of five days in plaque-covered, demineralized (PCD); clean, demineralized (CD); plaque covered, sound (PCS); and clean sound enamel (CS). While no measurable loosely bound fluoride could be found after MFP treatment, NaF caused deposition of a significant amount of alkali-soluble fluoride in all experimental groups. After MFP rinses, fluoride concentration in the enamel was increased in the following order: CS, PCS, CD, and PCD. After NaF treatment, demineralized enamel exhibited a higher fluoride acquisition when compared with sound enamel. Plaque had a minor effect on F- acquisition. It is concluded that demineralization of enamel enhances F- uptake from both NaF and MFP solutions. In the presence of plaque, F- acquisition was additionally increased only after MFP rinses in vivo. PMID- 3476543 TI - Proteolytic activity of bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of BALB/c mice toward salivary proteins. AB - The proteolytic activities of 350 bacterial isolates from different sites (saliva, tongue, teeth, and mucosa) of the oral cavities of BALB/c mice were tested against different proteins found in saliva (immunoglobulins A, M, G, albumin, lysozyme, mucin, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase), some of which are considered to possess antibacterial activity. The results indicate that: (1) lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase are hydrolyzed by from 46 to 70% of the indigenous flora of the oral cavities of BALB/c mice; (2) IgA and IgM appeared less sensitive to the proteolytic activities of these strains than did the other proteins tested; (3) the colonization of the oral cavity does not seem to be correlated with the proteolytic activity; and (4) the presence of specific Ig proteases is relatively scarce within this population. PMID- 3476544 TI - Mandibular growth retardation in growing rats chronically exposed to hypobaria. AB - Weanling male Wistar rats aged 21 days were divided into three groups: initial control, normobaric, and hypobaric (C, N, and H, respectively). C rats were killed three days after being weaned. H rats were placed into an altitude chamber and maintained at 456 mb (6100 m) for 14 days. N rats were maintained at sea level conditions. Body weight, body and tail lengths, and food intake were recorded every day. Animals were killed at the end of the experimental period, and four linear dimensions of the dried mandible were measured. The amount of food eaten by the H rats during the entire exposure period was 54.6% of that consumed by N ones. Body weight gain in H rats was 32.7% of that seen in N rats. Body length was 49.0% and tail length was 56.6% of normal. All mandibular dimensions were significantly reduced in H rats when compared with N rats and were, in general, in close relation with the reduction observed in skeletal growth. Only one dimension was reduced out of proportion, which indicates some deformation of the mandible. The average daily caloric intake related to metabolic body weight (body weight 0.75) of H rats was 60% of the N value. Efficiency of protein utilization for growth was not significantly different between both groups of rats. These results indicate that chronic exposure to hypobaria induces overall skeletal and mandibular growth retardation, which appears to be the result of a diminution in food intake because of decreased appetite. PMID- 3476545 TI - A long-term epidemiologic study of the relationship between occlusal factors and mandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents. AB - A longitudinal investigation of changes of signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction over four to five years was performed, by means of questionnaires and clinical examination, in 240 children, ages 7, 11, and 15 years at the first examination. The objective of this part of the study was to analyze correlations between some occlusal and other factors, and mandibular dysfunction. Signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction increased slightly in both frequency and severity but were judged to be mild in most cases. Several types of occlusal interference were frequently recorded at both examinations. Dental wear increased during the follow-up period, while the results of evaluations of motor activity and psychological traits were relatively constant. There were only a few significant correlations, most of which were weak, between the recorded variables and mandibular dysfunction, and those found were not consistent in all age groups. TMJ sounds were positively correlated with lateral deviation of the mandible between retruded contact and intercuspal position in all age groups. An attempt to analyze the longitudinal relationship of occlusal interference with signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction did not reveal any strong correlations. The results are interpreted as supporting the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of functional disturbances of the masticatory system. PMID- 3476546 TI - Purification and some properties of fucosyltransferase in human parotid saliva. AB - Fucosyltransferase was purified from human parotid saliva by affinity chromatography on GDP-hexanolamine Sepharose, followed by chromatofocusing on PBE 94 exchanger gel. The purified enzyme had the N-acetyglucosaminide alpha 1----4, the N-acetylglucosaminide alpha 1----3, and the glucoside alpha 1----3 fucosyltransferase activities. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 20,000. These enzyme activities showed identical pH and divalent metal ion dependencies and identical rates of inactivation upon being heated. The paper chromatographic analysis of the fucosylated products by the purified enzyme and the susceptibility of these products to linkage-specific fucosidase digestion indicated that the transferase formed the Fuc alpha 1--- 4GlcNAc, Fuc alpha 1----3GlcNAc, and Fuc alpha 1----3Glc linkages. PMID- 3476547 TI - The concomitant deposition of strontium and fluoride in dental plaque. AB - We have investigated the feasibility of incorporating Sr into dental plaque by means of an enzyme-dependent system known to increase Ca, P, and F levels in plaque. A solution containing Ca (20 mmol/L), P (12 mmol/L), MFP (4.7 mmol/L), F (0.3 mmol/L), and urea (500 mmol/L) was modified by equimolar replacement of Ca with 1, 2, 5, and 10 mmol/L Sr. Thin films of human salivary sediment incubated in these solutions showed increasing levels of acid-extractable Sr as the solution Sr increased. When the concentration exceeded 2 mmol/L, deposition of Ca, P, and F was reduced. In artificial plaque, grown on bovine enamel, from mixed human salivary organisms and treated with the solution containing 2 mmol Sr/L, there was a slightly smaller uptake of Ca, P, and Sr, but a greater uptake of F than in sediment treated with the same solution. Natural human plaque treated 12 times in vivo over three days with this solution (in the form of a mouthrinse) also showed substantial increases (from five- to 26-fold) in the concentrations of all four ions. Absolute levels of Ca, P, F, and especially Sr were, however, lower than those in the artificial plaque samples. (Ca + Sr)/P ratios suggested apatite deposition, and the correlation between amounts of Ca and Sr deposited in natural plaque samples suggested that Sr, like F, is structurally incorporated into this apatite. Fluctuations in the pH of natural plaque may promote apatite crystal maturation, causing a slow loss of Sr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476548 TI - Enhanced enamel F uptake by monocalcium phosphate monohydrate gels. AB - Application of DCPD-forming solutions has been shown to increase substantially the enamel reactivity toward F. The effectiveness of a variation of this treatment procedure, in which the DCPD-forming solution was replaced by a viscous carboxymethylcellulose gel containing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), was evaluated by use of 12 extracted human molars. The MCPM gel was highly effective in enhancing the F uptake by enamel. The mean F uptakes by teeth treated with MCPM gel, followed by exposure to a F solution, were 3972 (+/- 565), 2383 (+/- 312), and 1751 (+/- 313) ppm, respectively, in the outer 5-, 10-, and 15-microns depths in enamel. These uptakes were 2374, 1273, and 852 ppm more than those of the control teeth. Because the F solution was undersaturated with respect to CaF2, the F incorporated into the enamel was believed to be in apatitic form and not as CaF2. The MCPM gel has advantages over the DCPD-forming solution because (1) much longer gel-tooth contact times can be achieved, and (2) the treatment agent can readily be delivered to specific sites where the tooth needs the protection most. PMID- 3476550 TI - The effect of sectioning the trigeminal sensory root on the periodontally-induced jaw-opening reflex. AB - The experiment was designed to determine the pathway taken to the brain stem by periodontal afferents responsible for the digastric jaw-opening reflex induced by tooth-tapping. Cutting the trigeminal sensory roots of anesthetized decerebrate cats eliminated the ipsilateral periodontally-induced reflex, although the stretch reflexes of the jaw-closing muscles were undiminished. These results suggest that periodontal afferents causing the jaw-opening reflex reach the brainstem through the Vth sensory root, and confirm that muscle spindle afferents travel through the Vth motor root. PMID- 3476549 TI - Effects of cheese extract and its fractions on enamel demineralization in vitro and in vivo in humans. AB - In order to isolate and identify the most active anti-cariogenic components(s) of aqueous cheese extract (CE), we separated it into low (LMW) (MW less than 500), medium (MMW) (500 less than MW less than 10,000), and high (HMW) (MW greater than 10,000) molecular weight fractions by means of the Amicon ultrafiltration system. These fractions were then tested in vitro with a bacterial system containing S. mutans, adapted from that of Turtola (1977). The LMW fraction reduced the demineralization caused by the fermentation of sucrose by 96% (p less than 0.001) as compared with the water control; this was not significantly different from a 50% concentration of the CE. The MMW and HMW fractions reduced demineralization by 36 and 42%, respectively. The concentrations of acid-soluble calcium and phosphorus in CE, LMW, MMW, and HMW were 1509 and 462, 991 and 310, 231 and 7, and 162 and 3 micrograms/mL, respectively. A solution containing the same levels of calcium and phosphorus as CE was somewhat more effective in reducing demineralization in vitro than was CE itself (p less than 0.01). In vivo, the addition of these same calcium and phosphorus levels to a 10% sucrose solution reduced its cariogenicity by 67% (p less than 0.001), as judged by the intra-oral cariogenicity test (ICT). Plaque calcium and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in the ICT plaque samples subjected to the sucrose-Ca,P solution (p less than 0.01) than in the sucrose control. The resting pH, minimum pH, and shape of the pH curves produced by the sucrose control and sucrose-Ca,P were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476551 TI - Pharmacological evaluation of an intra-oral fluoride-releasing device in adolescents. AB - The purpose of this study was to quantify fluoride (F) concentrations in body fluids of adolescents wearing two intra-oral fluoride-releasing devices (IFRDs) designed to release 0.10 mg F/day. Fluoride concentrations were determined potentiometrically. No significant increases occurred in urine or serum F concentrations during the 26-week device phase. Elevated salivary F concentrations were maintained throughout the device phase when broken or depleted IFRDs were replaced. However, salivary F concentrations returned to pre device phase values by 26 weeks when the original IFRDs were maintained. These findings suggest that IFRDs can significantly elevate salivary F concentrations of adolescents without significant elevations in systemic F concentrations. PMID- 3476552 TI - A cross-reactivity study of whole genomic DNA probes for Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides intermedius, and Bacteroides gingivalis. AB - In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of whole genomic DNA probes for the periodontal pathogens Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides intermedius, and Bacteroides gingivalis. By means of these probes, DNA hybridizations were performed against other organisms found in the oral cavity and organisms previously determined to be genetically similar. All three probes were sensitive to 10(3) cells for their respective organism. The H. actinomycetemcomitans probe cross-reacted with several haemophilus strains, Wolinella, and Campylobacter, indicating that H. actinomycetemcomitans-specific sequences would have to be identified and cloned for accurate detection of this organism in heterogeneous patient samples. Only very low levels of cross reactivity were observed between the B. intermedius probe and representative black-pigmented Bacteroides. This low level of cross-reactivity did not interfere with the accurate identification of B. intermedius in sample evaluations. The B. gingivalis probe showed no cross-reactivity. Whole genomic probes will be used for the detection of B. intermedius and B. gingivalis in patient samples. PMID- 3476553 TI - Measurement of selection changes and breakage functions during chewing in man. AB - Food comminution in man was studied in terms of intra-oral selection and breakage processes, with a silicone rubber used as test food, aided by a sieving procedure and simultaneous form- and color-labeling of particles. The subjects chewed on mixtures of particles with a specific form (either cubes or half-cubes). In addition, seven particle sizes, within a range of 1.2 to 8.0 mm, each had a specific color. Damaged cubes or half-cubes revealed their chance of being selected for breakage. The color of the fragments indicated their original size, and thus the breakage distribution of selected particles. The selection chance increased as a power function of particle size. The degree of fragmentation was, in general, maximal for a particle size of about 4 mm. Our double-labeling technique permits a detailed unraveling of anatomical and physiological variables in the chewing process. PMID- 3476554 TI - Lumen formation during development of the rat submandibular gland. AB - This study utilized electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry to examine the morphological steps associated with the formation of a lumen in the end-buds of the embryonic rat submandibular gland. Lumen formation involved the development of junctional complexes by the central cells of the end-buds late on the 16th day of gestation. These junctional complexes established the apical domains of the presecretory cells, and cytofilament aggregates were observed beneath the presumptive luminal plasma membranes. This central area of the end-buds showed strong myosin ATPase activity, presumably associated with the cytofilaments. On the 17th day of gestation, small lumina appeared at the sites delineated by the junctional complexes. The myosin ATPase activity appeared to surround the newly opened lumina. By the 18th day of gestation, microvilli were seen projecting into the lumina, and secretory granules were often visible in the apical cytoplasm near the luminal plasma membranes of the early secretory cells. Myosin ATPase activity was greatly reduced once the lumina had formed. PMID- 3476556 TI - Creep of amalgam at low stresses. AB - The creep and recovery of dental amalgam were studied with a torsional creep apparatus. The purpose was to investigate viscoelastic behavior in a low stress range that might result from normal chewing forces. The creep of specimens up to six months old was also studied. Four types of alloys for amalgam were used: two single-composition sphericals (SCS), an admixture-lathe-cut eutectic (ALE), and a conventional (CON). Constant torque was applied to dumbbell-shaped specimens for three hr and, after the stress was released, recovery was followed for 50 hr. All measurements were made in water at 37 degrees C after storage of the specimens for one week in 37 degrees C water. Creep was also measured at nine intervals on specimens aged from three hr to six months. The SCS amalgams exhibited the least amount of creep, followed by the ALE amalgam. The CON amalgam had the highest creep. The SCS amalgams approached linear viscoelastic behavior in the shear stress range of 0.78-4.10 MPa at 37 degrees C. They did not exhibit steady-state (viscous) creep at stresses less than 4.10 MPa. Recovery was complete but proceeded more slowly than creep. The ALE and CON amalgams exhibited viscous creep at 1.23 MPa and higher. The steady-state creep rate depended on stress, and the stress exponent ranged from 2.3-3.5. All except the ALE amalgam showed essentially constant creep compliance when aged up to six months, once the amalgamation reaction was completed after 24 to 48 hr. The compliance of the ALE amalgam gradually decreased over the six-month period. PMID- 3476555 TI - Regulation of parotid salivary proteins by glucocorticoids. AB - Previous studies have indicated that adrenal-intact rats treated for one week with pharmacological doses of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, show a significant reduction in the proportion of proline-rich proteins and an increase in the proportion of amylase in rat parotid saliva (Johnson et al., 1987). In order to understand more fully the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of salivary proteins, we performed bilateral adrenalectomies on groups of rats. Some of the adrenalectomized rats were treated with replacement-level doses of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. The food intake was monitored daily for both groups, and sham-operated pair-fed controls were included so that the effects of alterations of food intake could be separated from those of the experimental procedures. After eight to 12 days, uniformly stimulated parotid saliva was collected from these animals as well as from sham-operated controls fed ad libitum. The volume of saliva collected in 30 min was recorded, and the saliva samples were analyzed for concentration and composition of protein. Although the volume of saliva was not affected, parotid saliva collected from adrenalectomized rats exhibited a two-fold greater proportion of proline-rich proteins and reductions in other major secretory proteins: DNase, Fraction I, and Fraction V. The parotid gland secretory granules of adrenalectomized rats were more electron-lucent than in the ad libitum-fed controls. Treatment of adrenalectomized rats with dexamethasone largely prevented the changes in salivary protein composition as well as the alterations in secretory granule morphology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476557 TI - Root surface caries subsequent to gingivectomy in rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans) and Actinomyces viscosus. AB - We studied the effect of oral infection with cariogenic micro-organisms on alveolar bone loss and root surface caries subsequent to gingivectomy in rats. Thirty-six rats were fed diet MIT 200 (67% sucrose); one-half, the controls, had antibiotics added to the diet. At ages 18, 19, and 21 days, the experimental group was orally infected with streptomycin-resistant Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans) 6715 and Actinomyces viscosus M-100. At age 30 days, all animals were subjected to a gingivectomy on maxillary and mandibular left quadrants. The experimental group was re-inoculated at age 36 days. Animals were killed seven weeks after surgery. Jaws were stained, and planimetric measurements of exposed root surface area and caries on lingual/palatal surfaces of 1st and 2nd molars were made from video images with a computer/digitizer. Compared with the non operated contralateral quadrants, gingivectomy significantly increased exposed root surface area in the maxilla and in the mandible in both the control and experimental groups. Oral inoculation significantly increased exposed root surface in mandibular (but not maxillary) quadrants which had received a gingivectomy, but had no effect on non-gingivectomized quadrants. There was no caries in the control group, whereas ten rats in the experimental group had root surface caries lesions, all in quadrants which had received a gingivectomy. This rat model should prove useful in further studies of root surface caries. PMID- 3476558 TI - The short-term uptake and retention of fluoride in developing enamel and bone. AB - Eight- and 12-day-old rat pups were injected intraperitoneally with fluoride. Plasma, molar enamel, and bone samples were collected at observation times up to six hr after injection. In a second series, adult rats maintained for six weeks on water containing 5 ppm F were injected with fluoride. Plasma, incisor enamel, and bone samples were collected at the same observation times as those used in the first series. Fluoride assays were conducted by means of the microdiffusion, ion-selective-electrode method. In the suckling rats, plasma [F] levels peaked at 15 min and returned nearly to baseline in one hr. Significant increases in the [F] of developing enamel and bone were observed. No significant decline from the peak [F] seen in the hard tissues was observed over the six-hour period. Similar results were seen in the developing enamel of the adult rats. The data gave no evidence of a short-term reversible component of fluoride uptake in developing enamel. Apparent increases in F uptake in enamel and bone beyond peak plasma values suggest the presence of a diffusion-limiting membrane for fluoride from the extracellular fluids into the mineralizing matrix. PMID- 3476559 TI - Incorporation into human enamel of fluoride slowly released from a sealant in vivo. AB - Fluoride incorporation into human enamel from an experimental sealant resin in vivo was investigated. The sealant consisted of a newly synthesized methacryloyl fluoride-methyl methacrylate (MF-MMA) copolymer resin, which contains acidic fluoride covalently bonded to carbonyl groups and releases fluoride ions slowly by hydrolysis in an aqueous environment. This experimental sealant was applied to the enamel of permanent pre-molars and the control sealant without MF-MMA copolymer to that of the contralateral teeth. Fluoride concentration was determined by an enamel biopsy procedure with acid-etching four weeks after the sealant application. As much as 3500 ppm fluoride was found to be deposited at 10 microns depth in the enamel under the MF-MMA copolymer sealant. The increase in fluoride concentration was significant even at 60 microns. Of the fluoride incorporated into the enamel, from 70 to 80% was present as a tightly bound form. This resin sealant is expected to protect the enamel from caries attack even after detachment of the sealant. PMID- 3476560 TI - Effects of pH on expression of sodium fluoride resistance in Streptococcus mutans. AB - Stable fluoride-resistant mutants of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 were isolated on Todd-Hewitt agar by a step-wise selection procedure. Resistance is defined here as the ability to form colonies in 48 hr. First-step mutants demonstrated six different levels of resistance, ranging from 400 to 1000 micrograms/mL sodium fluoride. Second-step mutants demonstrated two levels of resistance, one at 1600 and the highest at 3000 micrograms/mL sodium fluoride. All mutants (originally isolated at pH 7.2) were tested for fluoride resistance at pH 5 and 6. At these lower pH values, all of the mutants demonstrated resistance to fluoride when compared with the parent strain, but at much-reduced levels. PMID- 3476561 TI - Temporomandibular joint morphology in two Australian aboriginal populations. AB - The morphology of the temporomandibular joints in two Australian populations with previously established differences in patterns of tooth wear and craniofacial morphology did not differ significantly from that described in other comparable populations. The relationships between age and linear and angular measures of joint form were generally not significant, but the shape of the mandibular condyle was age-related, with flattening and cavitation of the posterior and medial aspects being more common in older age groups. Comparison of tooth-wear data in groups with different mandibular condylar shapes suggested that rapid anterior tooth wear was associated with flattening or cavitation of the condyle, while relatively rapid posterior tooth wear was more commonly associated with a convex condylar shape. PMID- 3476563 TI - Clinician-scientists needed. PMID- 3476562 TI - Relationship between root caries and coronal decay. AB - The relationship between caries on root surfaces and untreated coronal lesions was analyzed. A representative sample of 5028 persons was examined, their mean ages being 47.3 years for men and 47.7 for women. Poor dental health on root surfaces was associated with poor dental health in the coronal areas of the teeth. Subjects with root caries had fewer teeth and fewer fillings, more retained roots and more teeth with untreated coronal decay than did people with no root caries. Compared with the subjects without untreated coronal decay, those with from one to three decayed coronal surfaces showed an odds ratio of 4.5 of having caries on root surfaces. This ratio was 10.1 for the subjects who had more than three decayed coronal surfaces. It was concluded that factors related to the occurrence of decay are of a similar type whether caries is situated on root surfaces or in the coronal areas of the teeth, and therefore the prevention of caries in both sites may be accomplished by similar means. PMID- 3476564 TI - Minor salivary gland duct-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) in monkeys changes with age. AB - The duct-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) of minor salivary glands (MSG) is accessible to oral antigens by retrograde passage. DALT responds immunologically to such purely local and duct-derived antigenic stimuli. This study addressed the question as to whether DALT, like other mammalian lymphoid tissues, would change with age. Labial and buccal mucosae of eight Macaca fascicularis animals of known age were processed for light microscopy by Epon embedding. Sections of approximately 1-2 microns thick were prepared, and a total of 144, more or less equidistant, labial and 63 buccal sections were selected and analyzed for various tissue components, by means of morphometric point-counting. The raw data were transformed into stereological parameters. The results showed that DALT and interacinar plasma cells are totally absent in the newborn monkey. They begin to appear early in life and reach a maximum volume density by one year of age. With further increasing age, the DALT volume showed a sharp decline, followed by a plateauing from year 3 onward, while the plasma cell concentration remained stable. This change was more pronounced in the labial mucosa. These observations on the age-related changes of simian DALT are suggestive of its antigen-induced and antigen-dependent nature. DALT, being part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, may play a substantial role in the local immuno-surveillance of the oral cavity. PMID- 3476565 TI - Endocytosis of proteins by salivary gland duct cells. AB - The ability of the intralobular duct cells of the rat parotid gland to take up protein from the lumen was examined by retrograde infusion of exogenous proteins and by immunogold localization of endogenous secretory proteins. Small amounts of native horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were taken up by intercalated and striated duct cells, and were present in small vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and lysosomes. In contrast, HRP modified by periodate oxidation was avidly internalized by the duct cells and was present in large apical vacuoles that acquired lysosomal hydrolase activity. Native and cationized ferritin were taken up in a similar manner when infused at a high concentration (up to 10 mg/mL). At lower concentrations (0.3-1.0 mg/mL), endocytosis of cationized ferritin occurred mainly in small apical tubules and vesicles in striated duct cells. Little native ferritin was taken up at these concentrations. After stimulation of acinar cell secretion by isoproterenol, similar vacuoles were occasionally observed in both intercalated and striated duct cells. Labeling of thin sections with antibodies to amylase and to a 26,000-dalton secretory protein (protein B1), followed by protein A-gold, revealed the presence of these proteins in the vacuoles, indicating endocytosis of acinar secretory proteins by the duct cells. Although uptake of acinar proteins by duct cells occurs at a low rate in normal animals, previous work suggests that extensive endocytosis may occur in certain pathological conditions. This may be a mechanism for removing abnormal or modified proteins from saliva before it reaches the oral cavity. PMID- 3476566 TI - Molecular basis of salivary proline-rich protein and peptide synthesis: cell-free translations and processing of human and macaque statherin mRNAs and partial amino acid sequence of their signal peptides. AB - Acidic proline-rich phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides are abundant components of parotid and submandibular salivary secretions in man and in the subhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis. The major acidic proline-rich proteins and the proline-rich phosphopeptide, statherin, of man and macaques have been shown to be potent inhibitors of calcium phosphate precipitation and are thought to function in the oral environment by maintaining saliva supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate salts. Little is known about the biosynthesis of these proline rich phosphoproteins and peptides, and the aim of the present work was to determine the structural relationship between statherin precursors and native human and macaque statherin. RNA was isolated from human submandibular gland, and poly(A+) mRNA was selected by affinity chromatography on oligo(dT) cellulose and translated in a reticulocyte lysate. Electrophoretic analysis of the translation products revealed that this mRNA directed the synthesis of a large number of polypeptides with Mrs ranging from 5000 to 70,000. Immunoprecipitates, prepared with an antiserum directed against human statherin, contained a single component with a Mr of 7800, approximately 2000 daltons larger than native statherin. Radiosequencing of the in vitro precursor of statherin in immunoprecipitates demonstrated the presence of a 19-residue signal peptide. These results suggest that statherin is derived from a unique structural gene, and does not result from proteolytic processing of a large polyprotein precursor. PMID- 3476567 TI - Molecular mechanism of mucin secretion: I. The role of intragranular charge shielding. AB - Mucus is an ubiquitous polymer hydrogel that functions as a protective coat on the surface of integument and mucosa of species ranging from simple animals (such as coelenterates) to mammals. The polymer matrix of mucus is made out of long chain glycoproteins called mucins that are tangled together, forming a randomly woven, highly polyionic network (Lee et al., 1977; Verdugo et al., 1983). Mucin containing granules, produced by mammalian goblet cells in vitro, undergo massive post-exocytotic swelling. Their swelling kinetics is similar to the swelling of condensed artificial polymer gels (Verdugo, 1984; Tanaka and Fillmore, 1979). We had proposed that mucins must be condensed in the secretory granule and expand by hydration during or after exocytosis (Verdugo, 1984; Tam and Verdugo, 1981). However, the polyionic charges of mucins prevents condensation unless they (the mucins) are appropriately shielded. The present experiments were designed to assert the presence of an intragranular shielding cation and its role in secretion. Giant mucin granules of the slug (Ariolimax columbianus) are released intact from mucus-secreting cells of the slug's skin. They burst spontaneously outside the cell, forming, upon hydration, the typical slug mucus (Deyrup-Olsen et al., 1983). We report here that these granules contain from 2.5 to 3.6 moles calcium/kg dry material, and that calcium is released from the granules immediately before the burst that discharges their secretory product. Therefore, we propose that calcium functions as a shielding cation of polyionic mucins, and that the bursting discharge of mucins from secretory granules must result from the release of calcium from the intragranular compartment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476568 TI - Periodontal mechanoreceptors and parotid secretion in animals and man. AB - Parotid flow was determined in rabbits during feeding. The animals produced more saliva when chewing hard laboratory pellets than with carrots, confirming the findings of Gjorstrup (1980a). We showed that one gland always produced more secretion than the other, and that the dominant gland alternated from side to side with changes in the chewing side. Strain-gauge recordings revealed a remarkable similarity in pattern between mandibular strain and ipsilateral parotid flow. Together, these data suggest that chewing movements and chewing force are involved in the control of parotid secretion. In man, flow rates of parotid saliva collected with a Lashley cup and cannula were recorded. During intermittent clenching on a bite block, we found: (1) a positive correlation between rectified integrated masseter EMG and parotid flow; and (2) that anesthesia of various intra-oral nerves could reduce the flow almost to zero. Crushing a particle of breakfast cereal between two teeth resulted in a reproducible parotid flow which was reduced by infiltration anesthesia around one of these teeth. These data point to the involvement of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the control of parotid secretion in rabbits and man. PMID- 3476569 TI - Intracellular elemental concentrations in resting and secreting rat parotid glands. AB - Electron probe x-ray micro-analysis was used to study the elemental concentration changes that occur during pilocarpine-stimulated saliva secretion. Quantitative x ray micro-analysis of elemental concentrations in intracellular compartments of rat parotid glands stimulated in vivo with pilocarpine showed that Na concentration was significantly increased, while K concentration was significantly reduced. The magnitude of these changes was consistent with values obtained in other tissues with the x-ray micro-analysis method, and in the same tissue with other experimental methods. Comparisons with results from studies utilizing dispersed acini suggest that acinar dispersion procedures may affect intracellular elemental concentrations. Total electrolyte concentrations in cytoplasm and secretory granules were estimated to increase on a dry-weight basis following pilocarpine stimulation. The former change is consistent with the notion of a transcellular route of salivary fluid flow, while the latter change may be important in the exocytosis of secretory granules. PMID- 3476570 TI - Calcium-dependent protein kinase reactions associated with parotid gland secretory granule membranes. AB - Rat parotid secretory granule membranes were examined for the presence of calcium dependent protein kinase activities and kinase substrates. Protein kinase C (C kinase), which is stimulated by certain phospholipids, was present in the membranes, as indicated by its ability to catalyze the phosphorylation of histone. Two substrates for protein kinase C were seen in the granule membranes. The cytosolic fraction from the cell contained kinase activity, which was stimulated by phosphatidylserine and which caused the phosphorylation of two granule membrane polypeptides. In addition, when both granule membranes and cytosol were incubated together, phosphorylation of the cytosolic substrates was inhibited, indicating that the granule membrane substrates were phosphorylated preferentially. The results indicate that the granule membranes may react with cytosolic protein kinase C activity in a way which would direct an intracellular calcium and diacylglycerol signal toward the granule membrane. Since these signals occur during stimulation by various agonists, the mechanism may contribute to secretion. PMID- 3476571 TI - Transcapillary transport during secretion by the rabbit submandibular salivary gland. AB - Fluid exchange in the rabbit submandibular gland has been studied with a view to improving understanding of the mechanisms underlying transcapillary transport during salivation. Using maximally vasodilated glands perfused in vitro, we found that acetylcholine had no significant effect on either hydraulic conductance (filtration coefficient, Lp) or reflection coefficient to albumin (sigma alb) of the gland microvessels. In vivo, parasympathetic nerve stimulation increased blood flow 20-fold, interstitial fluid production (total fluid efflux - saliva flow) increased approximately 10-fold, while filtration fraction remained constant. At the same time, isogravimetric capillary pressure increased about six fold. There are several possible explanations for these findings, and it is argued that they are likely to include capillary recruitment. Thus, during salivation, parasympathetic nerve stimulation does not lead to a change in capillary permeability as such, but rather produces a relaxation of resistance vessels and a fall in precapillary resistance, accompanied by an increase in available capillary surface area. This leads to a rise in capillary blood flow and pressure, which in turn increase fluid filtration. These changes are self limiting due to the resulting dilution of interstitial protein and rise in interstitial pressure, but during salivation, since the secretion is pumped out of the interstitium, this fluid transport has no net effect on transcapillary gradients. PMID- 3476572 TI - Regulation of amino acid influx and efflux at the basolateral plasma membrane of the salivary gland epithelium: effects of parasympathetic nerve stimulation. AB - Basolateral amino acid transport systems in the salivary epithelium of resting and secreting cat submandibular glands were characterized by means of a rapid paired-tracer dilution technique. Amino acid uptake was measured by comparison of venous tracer concentration profiles for a labeled amino acid and D-mannitol (an extracellular tracer of similar size) following an intra-arterial bolus injection of both radioactive molecules. Unidirectional uptake of 21 amino acids, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin was quantified in non-secreting glands. During 8 Hz parasympathetic nerve stimulation, significant epithelial uptakes were measured for L-[3H] alanine and L-[3H] phenylalanine, but less than 0.2% of the injected amino acid was recovered in the collected saliva. In non-secreting glands, cross inhibition studies of L-[3H] alanine, L-[3H] phenylalanine, and L-[3H] lysine uptake by unlabeled amino acid competitors and detailed kinetic influx experiments indicated that epithelial uptake was mediated by three distinct parallel transport systems: ASC (short-chain neutral), L (branched-chain and aromatic neutral), and y+ (cationic). Rapid metabolism of alanine was inhibited by aminooxyacetate, and the metabolic uncoupler dinitrophenol selectively accelerated the efflux of transported large neutral amino acids and L-lysine. Concurrent autoradiographic experiments suggest that transport sites for small and large neutral amino acids are localized in the basolateral plasma membrane of acinar, demilunar, and striated ductal cells. PMID- 3476573 TI - Regulation of salivary proteins. AB - Previous studies have shown that several factors--such as alloxan-induced diabetes, adrenalectomy, or removal of the thyroid-parathyroid gland complex--can influence the flow rate, protein concentration, and protein composition of rat parotid saliva. The present study was undertaken to explore further the influence of glucocorticoids and thyroxine on rat parotid saliva in hormonally intact animals. As compared with untreated animals, adult male rats treated with 10 micrograms dexamethasone per 100 g body weight for eight days demonstrated a 75% reduction in volume of parotid saliva secreted in response to a uniform stimulus. The protein concentration of the saliva was increased three-fold. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed relative decreases in acidic and basic proline-rich proteins and in a protein identified as Fraction V, while amylase was increased. The electron microscopic appearance of the granules was markedly different from that of the control, in that the granules exhibited an electron-dense periphery and core, with the remainder of the granule having an electronlucent appearance. In contrast, rats treated for eight days with 20 micrograms thyroxine per 100 g body weight exhibited a 50% increase in volume of saliva collected in response to a secretory stimulus. Although the concentration of protein was not different from that of the control, gel electrophoresis showed relative increases in acidic and basic proline-rich proteins and a decrease in Fraction V. Amylase was unchanged. The secretory granules of thyroxine-treated rats were electronlucent and amorphous. The granules appeared to coalesce within the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476574 TI - Culture of parotid acinar cells on a reconstituted basement membrane substratum. PMID- 3476575 TI - Biologically-active, low-molecular-weight peptides in human saliva. PMID- 3476576 TI - Is the stoichiometry of the parotid co-transporter 1 Na: 1 K: 2 Cl? PMID- 3476577 TI - Measuring the interaction of human secretory glycoproteins with oral bacteria. PMID- 3476578 TI - Effect of the lactoperoxidase system on streptococcal acid production and growth. PMID- 3476579 TI - Divisional Abstracts, supported by the International College of Dentists. PMID- 3476580 TI - Colonization of the human oral cavity by a Streptococcus mutans mutant producing increased bacteriocin. AB - Streptococcus mutans strain JH1005 is a mutant that produces levels of bacteriocin activity three-fold-elevated than those produced by its parent, JH1001. A single infection regimen with JH1005 was found to result in persistent colonization of the teeth of all three adult subjects tested. This is a significant improvement over JH1001, which required multiple exposures in order to colonize the teeth of humans reliably. The levels of total cultivable bacteria and indigenous S. sanguis were not affected by JH1005 colonization. In two of the three subjects, total (indigenous plus JH1005) S. mutans levels were significantly decreased. The results provide additional support for the role of bacteriocin production as an ecological determinant in colonization by S. mutans. They also indicate that a practical regimen for infection by an effector strain might be achieved for use in the replacement therapy of dental caries. PMID- 3476582 TI - The effects of cheese snacks on caries in desalivated rats. AB - Rats that had had their submandibular/sublingual glands removed surgically, and their parotid ducts tied, developed fewer and less severe caries lesions on coronal and root surfaces when fed cheese snacks in addition to a cariogenic diet than when fed additional cariogenic snacks or no additional snacks. The effects of cheese snacks were particularly dramatic on root-surface caries. These observations may be relevant for elderly humans who are most likely to develop root surface caries. Populations of Streptococcus mutans did not differ among the groups. Actinomyces viscosus was not detected at the end of the experiment in any of the groups. The results of this study demonstrate that cheese exerts a protective effect against coronal and root-surface caries in rats with a severely limited salivary function. PMID- 3476581 TI - Structural determinants of activity of chlorhexidine and alkyl bisbiguanides against the human oral flora. AB - We assayed chlorhexidine and a series of its analogues, in which the chlorophenyl terminal substituents were replaced with alkyl chains, for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative and Gram-positive oral bacteria. Changes in antimicrobial activity were correlated with changes in agent structure for identification of structural criteria which may be important in the optimization of agent activity. Chlorhexidine showed substantial antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative as well as the Gram-positive oral bacteria. The alkyl agents were comparable with chlorhexidine in their activity against Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius, black-pigmented Gram-negative obligate anaerobes associated with periodontal disease in adults. Alkyl agents alexidine, heptihexidine (1,6-bis-n-heptylbiguanidohexane), hexoctidine (1,8-bis n-hexylbiguanidoctane), and hexhexidine (1,6-bis-n-hexylbiguanidohexane), as well as chlorhexidine, were active against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative organism associated with localized juvenile periodontitis. Hexidecidine (1,10-bis-n-hexylbiguanidodecane) and heptoctidine (1,8-bis-n heptylbiguanidooctane) were more active, and hexhexidine was as active as chlorhexidine against Fusobacterium nucleatum, also associated with periodontal disease. Seven of the agents were more active than chlorhexidine against Actinomyces species. All test agents were active against Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive coccus associated with dental caries. Hexidecidine had activity equal to that of chlorhexidine when evaluated against the entire battery of organisms. Analysis of structure-activity relationships revealed that alkyl chains could replace chlorophenyl groups with retention or improvement of antimicrobial activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476583 TI - The prevention of sub-surface demineralization of bovine enamel and change in plaque composition by casein in an intra-oral model. AB - The ability of bovine milk phosphoprotein (casein) to be incorporated into plaque, prevent enamel sub-surface demineralization, and affect bacterial composition was determined using a modified intra-oral caries model. The intra oral model consisted of a removable appliance containing a left and right pair of bovine enamel slabs placed to simulate an approximal area. Supragingival plaque was collected and impacted into the left and right inter-enamel spaces. The left side of the appliance was exposed to various sugar and salt solutions, while the right side was exposed to sugar and casein solutions. Sodium caseinate, the major fraction alpha s1-casein, and a tryptic digest of alpha s1-casein (TD-casein) were studied. Sodium caseinate at a level of 2% w/v in a 3% sucrose-3% glucose salt solution (pH 7.0) prevented sub-surface enamel demineralization over a ten day period as shown by microradiography and microhardness. Two exposures of a 2% w/v sodium caseinate, alpha s1-casein, or TD-casein solution (pH 7.0) per day prevented sub-surface enamel demineralization caused by six exposures of a 3% sucrose-3% glucose-salt solution per day over a ten-day period. Intact alpha s1 casein and tryptic peptides were shown immunochemically to be incorporated into the inter-enamel plaque. The incorporation of casein and its breakdown in plaque did not produce a significant change in the amount or composition of plaque bacteria. The ability of casein and tryptic peptides to prevent enamel demineralization was related to their incorporation into plaque, thereby increasing plaque calcium phosphate and acid-buffering capacity by the phosphoseryl, histidyl, glutamyl, and aspartyl residues and indirectly through catabolism by plaque bacteria. PMID- 3476584 TI - Wear and microhardness of glass-ionomer cements. AB - Pin-and-disc wear and Knoop Hardness measurements were made on three commercial glass-ionomer cements having slightly different compositions. The specific objective was to determine whether these cements have potential for use in posterior teeth, and, if not, what modifications in composition and structure would be appropriate to enhance their performance. The specimens were pre conditioned in air, water, or lactic acid at 37 degrees C for one week prior to being wear-tested. Although differences among the samples were noted, some common trends were observed. From changes in hardness, before and after storage, two opposing trends were observed. One trend involved continued cross-linking and possible dehydration, resulting in a substantial increase in hardness. The other trend involved softening from penetrant liquid absorption and a concomitant decrease in hardness. The wear resistances compared favorably with those for resin-based composites except for the lactic-acid-stored specimens, for which changes in microstructure were revealed by SEM. All specimens were very brittle, and catastrophic failure during wear was frequent. Although our conclusion is that glass-ionomer cements with composition similar to those evaluated here are not acceptable for posterior occlusal application, some compositional changes may enhance their performance in stress-bearing applications. PMID- 3476586 TI - Effect of time at 37 degrees C on the creep and metallurgical characteristics of amalgam. AB - When aged at 37 degrees C for six months, dental amalgam exhibits a marked decrease in the property of creep. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between this decrease in creep and selected metallurgical characteristics. The formation of beta 1 (Ag-Hg), the grain size of gamma 1 (Ag Hg), and the composition of gamma 1 were chosen for investigation. Creep was determined according to ADA Specification test No. 1, beta 1 was measured by x ray diffraction, and gamma 1 grain size and gamma 1 composition were determined by electron-probe microanalysis. The results showed that the decrease in creep was related to beta 1 formation and not to changes in either gamma 1 grain size or gamma 1 composition. PMID- 3476585 TI - Variables affecting the fracture toughness of dental composites. AB - The fracture toughness of a variety of dental composites was evaluated using notched bending specimens, with and without pre-cracks. The pre-crack simulates more accurately a sharp, natural flaw in a material than does a notch, and is standard procedure in fracture-toughness evaluation. The fracture toughness was related to the filler composition and degree of conversion in the composite resins. In general, fracture toughness was highest in the more heavily filled resins, independent of degree of conversion in the matrix. The results also show that producing a pre-crack in certain composites reduced the value of their fracture toughness compared with notched-only specimens. PMID- 3476587 TI - Enhanced caries inhibition by certain NaF-surfactant combinations in animal models. AB - The purpose of this animal investigation was to determine whether the cariostatic effect of sodium fluoride can be enhanced by combining it with certain surfactants. The surfactants, Zonyl FSC and Lodyne S-110, were selected because they had been found to accelerate the rate of deposition of firmly-bound fluoride in vitro in enamel during enamel-fluoride interaction. Sixty male hamsters and 60 female rats, 21 days old, were placed on the high-sucrose diet 2000 and inoculated with Streptococcus mutans (strain #6715). Each set of animals was divided into six groups of 10 each. The groups received either distilled water, NaF, NaF with Lodyne S-110, NaF with Zonyl FSC, Lodyne S-110, or Zonyl FSC. The animals were scored for caries at the termination of the study. The caries findings in the hamster and the rat series closely paralleled each other. Animals receiving NaF with Zonyl FSC experienced the least decay (about 90% inhibition compared with about 65% for the NaF-alone group). A statistical evaluation showed significant interaction between Zonyl FSC and NaF. No effect on caries experience was seen from administration of Lodyne S-110. PMID- 3476588 TI - Hard tissue barrier formation in pulpotomized monkey teeth capped with cyanoacrylate or calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes. AB - Monkey incisor teeth were pulpotomized in groups of 10. After physiological hemostasis, the pulps of group I were covered with isobutyl cyanoacrylate, and those of groups II and III with calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes, respectively, whereafter this compound was washed away and the wound surfaces covered with Teflon. In group IV, calcium hydroxide was used as a positive control, and Teflon as a negative control in group V. The animals were killed after 12 weeks and the teeth removed in tissue blocks. The material was processed and evaluated histologically with respect to location and continuity of a hard tissue barrier, type of newly formed hard tissue, state of the pulp, and presence of stainable bacteria in the coronal cavity. Seven of nine teeth in group I showed a hard tissue barrier. The corresponding figure for group II was eight out of 10 teeth. All teeth in groups III and IV had a barrier. The incidence of a continuous barrier increased from group I through group IV, as did the incidence of its location below the level of the original wound surface. The condition of the pulp was related to the presence of bacteria and the continuity of the barrier to the presence of inflammation. There was no bridging in group V. The results support the theory that a low-grade irritation is responsible for the formation of a hard tissue barrier in exposed pulps. PMID- 3476589 TI - Ratings of fears associated with twelve dental situations. AB - Ratings of fear aroused by 12 dental situations were obtained by the method of paired comparisons. The dental situations concerned one of four categories: (a) preparations for the dental visit, (b) preparations for dental treatment, (c) comments by the dentist on oral state, and (d) actual dental treatment. The situations originated from Gale's ranking questionnaire. It was hypothesized that the amount of fear elicited would increase in the order a, b, c, and d. Results indicated that subjects were capable of ranking dental situations according to the amount of anxiety they aroused. Overall ratings show reasonably good agreement with the results of Gale's study. The hypothesis concerning the rank order of the situations was partly confirmed. Two situations deviated strongly from the expected order. The categories (c) and (d) were rated highest in the hierarchy of fear arousal, but their rank order couldn't be established. This finding suggests that dental fear contains a component of physical danger as well as a component of threat to a person's self-esteem. PMID- 3476590 TI - Correlation between amalgam restorations and mercury concentrations in urine. AB - The creatinine-adjusted urinary concentration of mercury in 73 schoolchildren with a mean age of 12 years was determined. In addition, the number of amalgam restorations and their size, prevalence of allergy, and days absent from school due to illness were recorded for each individual. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.55) was found between urine Hg and extent of amalgam restorations, but no correlation existed between urine Hg and allergy or between urine Hg and absence from school due to illness. Neither could any correlation be found between extent of amalgam restorations and either allergy or absence from school. PMID- 3476591 TI - Prevalence of total tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontal disease in Mexican American adults: results from the southwestern HHANES. AB - The Southwestern portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in 1982 and 1983. The survey population was Mexican-Americans residing in five Southwestern states. This report presents data on the prevalence of total tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontal diseases in 3860 Mexican-American adults aged from 18 to 74. Results show that 4.3% of this group was edentulous. Among the dentate, Mexican-Americans had lower overall DMF scores but higher numbers of untreated decayed teeth than did residents of the same region seen in the NHANES I survey in 1971-1974. Caries of the smooth surfaces in both posterior and anterior teeth was more pronounced in the older than in the younger age groups. Mexican-Americans had more gingivitis but fewer periodontal pockets than did the general population in the Western states during NHANES I. The caries pattern in the Mexican-Americans suggests that caries among adults may remain a problem in the future, with the possibility of increased involvement with the aging, although modest, of smooth tooth surfaces. PMID- 3476592 TI - The spectral properties of temporomandibular joint sounds. AB - Spectral analyses were performed on sounds recorded from TMJ's that had previously been classified into different intracapsular categories, in an attempt to determine whether the inherent properties of these sounds were unique for each different disorder. A total of 55 joints was studied: 32 were diagnosed as displaced disc with reduction [DDR], 10 were diagnosed as displaced disc without reduction [DDN], and 13 were diagnosed as degenerative joint disease [DJD]. The spectral analysis for each recorded joint sound was performed using a Fast Fourier transform routine, the results of which were plotted as a frequency vs. amplitude envelope. These analyses showed that different intracapsular TMJ disorders were characterized by sounds whose energy distribution patterns, while showing certain across-group differences, usually shared significant common spectral properties. The joint-propagated noises associated with DDR, DDN, and DJD were each characterized by a spectral envelope whose primary band of energy was centered around a peak at approximately 1 kHz, and which dropped off from that point to background levels. These patterns presumably reflect the resonance characteristics of the disordered joint as defined by the mass and stiffness of its articulating surfaces. Based on the findings of this study, it would appear that comparisons of the spectral envelopes of joint-propagated sounds would have only limited application in the differential diagnosis of intracapsular TMJ disorders. PMID- 3476593 TI - Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase following mandibular osteotomy in the rat. AB - Activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum (S-ALP) was characterized and compared with that of non-specific alkaline phosphatase (APase) of hard-tissue origin in the rat. The enzyme was characterized biochemically, and optimal incubation procedures were determined. S-ALP levels were determined before and after mandibular osteotomy combined with different degrees of periosteal reflections. Separation of S-ALP isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing revealed four major bands. A marked decrease of S-ALP activity was seen after osteotomy, and all isoenzymes were affected similarly. After treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, a smaller decrease in S-ALP was seen. S-ALP could be used as a marker for hard-tissue turn over after surgical procedures. PMID- 3476594 TI - "The best of times and the worst of times". PMID- 3476595 TI - Analysis of mercury concentration in intra-oral air and inspired dose of mercury. PMID- 3476597 TI - Morphological changes of intercellular junctions in the rat submandibular gland treated by long-term repeated administration of isoproterenol. AB - Long-term repeated administration of isoproterenol (IPR) 2 mg/100 g bw, once daily for ten days, resulted in morphological changes in the intercellular junctions of rat submandibular glands, which were investigated by means of the freeze-fracture technique. A significantly increased number of tight-junctional strands was present. These junctional strands extended much deeper toward the basal membrane than those in normal acinar cells. The basal frontier strands that branched from the networks of tight junctions were elongated and had either free endings or terminal loops, which were more frequently observed in the IPR-treated acinar cells than in untreated acinar cells. Some of the strands of tight junctions were connected to small gap junctions. The diameters of gap junctions were not significantly different from those of control acinar cells. However, smooth areas devoid of particles were found intermingling with the usual packed particles in irregularly shaped small gap junctions. There was no significant difference between the desmosomes of IPR-treated and untreated acinar cells, in terms of either morphology or distribution. These changes in junctional morphology in the IPR-treated acinar cells resemble those seen in salivary glands during development, and in some experimental conditions including tumorous changes. PMID- 3476596 TI - The surface area of the adult human mouth and thickness of the salivary film covering the teeth and oral mucosa. AB - The surface area of the mouth was measured to calculate the average thickness of the salivary film which separates the opposing layers of the oral mucosa and which also overlies the dental plaque. The subjects were 10 adults of each sex, all of whom had essentially a full complement of teeth. Impressions were taken of the upper and lower jaws, the buccal and labial vestibular mucosa, and the ventral surface of the tongue, and stone models were cast. The dorsum of the tongue was assumed to have the same area as the palate plus that of the palatal surfaces of the upper teeth. The six separate areas considered were the teeth, the palate, the buccal and lingual gingival and alveolar mucosa, the buccal and labial vestibular mucosa, the ventral surface of the tongue, including the floor of the mouth, and the dorsum of the tongue. Aluminum foil, of known weight per unit area, was adapted to the models of the different regions of the mouth, and the surface areas were calculated from the weights of the foil. The mean total surface area of the mouth was 214.7 +/- 12.9 cm2, and there was no significant difference due to gender. The teeth, keratinized epithelium, and non-keratinized epithelium occupied about 20%, 50%, and 30% of the total surface area, respectively. Given that the average volumes of saliva present in the mouth before and after swallowing have been estimated to be 0.77 and 1.07 mL, respectively, it can be calculated that the average thickness of the salivary film in the mouth varies between 0.07 and 0.10 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476598 TI - A mixed-culture chemostat system to predict the effect of anti-microbial agents on the oral flora: preliminary studies using chlorhexidine. AB - A mixed-culture chemostat system, composed of nine bacterial species representative of plaque in health and disease, has been assessed as an improved laboratory method of evaluating the likely in vivo effects of antimicrobial agents used in dentistry. The advantages of the system include reproducibility, the long-term stable cultivation of bacteria under controllable conditions, and repeated sampling, for bacteriological and biochemical studies, without disrupting the stability of the community. The effects of (i) the continuous provision of chlorhexidine (CHX) and (ii) three pulses of CHX (final concentration in both experiments = 0.24 mmol/L) on the composition of the chemostat communities were monitored. Only L. casei survived the continuous provision of CHX; the other bacteria were killed and were lost at different rates which generally corresponded to their known sensitivities to CHX. After each CHX pulse, the numbers of bacteria fell markedly. Again, L. casei was least affected, while A. viscosus, B. intermedius, and F. nucleatum were temporarily undetectable but returned to their original levels within 2-4 generation times. Counts of S. mutans were affected more by CHX than those of S. sanguis or S. mitior. The effect of successive pulses of CHX on the viability of some bacteria and on acid production (as measured by pH-fall experiments) decreased, suggesting that adaptation to CHX had occurred. The fact that the in vitro observations paralleled previous clinical findings suggests that the mixed-culture system could be used as a predictive model of the probable effect on the oral flora of new anti-microbial agents prior to expensive trials in animals or human volunteers. PMID- 3476599 TI - Bacteriocin-like inhibitory activity associated with beta-hemolytic strains of Streptococcus salivarius. AB - Seven beta-hemolytic Streptococcus salivarius isolates produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory activity in deferred antagonism tests using a set of nine indicator bacteria (I1-I9). Five of these S. salivarius strains (KWF, TOVE-R, K17, K21, and K26) were inhibitory to indicators I2, I5, I6, and I7. Mutated non-hemolytic derivatives showed concomitant loss of inhibitory activity against I2, I5, and I6, but retained activity against I7. Inhibitory activity against I2, I5, and I6 was restored in beta-hemolytic revertants of such mutants. Strain 3638 was inhibitory to all of the indicator organisms except I3, and this pattern of inhibitory activity was retained by non-hemolytic derivatives. It appeared that strain 3638 produced an additional broadly-active inhibitory agent, since a mutant (strain 3638A), which was apparently defective in the production of this inhibitor, retained both the beta-hemolytic and I2-, I5-, I6-, and I7-inhibitory activities. Non-hemolytic derivatives of strain 3638A were inhibitory only to I7. Strain 3638, therefore, appeared to produce at least three inhibitory agents: one active only on I7; another acting on I2, I5, and I6 (and associated with beta hemolytic activity); and a third apparently active on all of the indicators other than I3. S. salivarius strain JH inhibited all nine indicator strains and possessed a beta-hemolytic character which differed from that of the other strains in being readily eliminated on treatment with the plasmid-curing agent novobiocin. Non-hemolytic derivatives of JH retained inhibitory activity against the complete set of indicators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476600 TI - Effects of rare-earth filters on patient exposure and image contrast. AB - Minimizing patient exposure while maintaining a diagnostically acceptable radiograph is a major goal in diagnostic radiography. Rare-earth filters may be the means to achieve this goal due to their "band-pass effect". The purpose of this study was to examine the image contrast effects and exposure reductions for various thicknesses of aluminum, samarium, gadolinium, gadolinium oxysulfide, and gadolinium oxysulfide added to 2.5 mm of aluminum. Trials were conducted on an intra-oral dental x-ray unit (range, 65 to 90 kVp). When compared with conventional aluminum, all of the rare-earth filters provided lower radiation exposures, with gadolinium in the metallic or oxysulfide form providing the lowest exposures. Samarium, at a thickness of 0.127 mm, yielded the highest image contrast. Gadolinium or gadolinium oxysulfide added to 2.5 mm of aluminum resulted in a slight loss of contrast when compared with conventional aluminum filtration. This loss may not be clinically significant, and when coupled with the reduced exposure afforded by these filters, they become viable as acceptable alternatives to aluminum filtration. PMID- 3476601 TI - Time-dependent dissolution of amalgams into saline solution. AB - The dissolution of mercury, silver, and copper from polished and unpolished surfaces of low- and high-copper amalgams into saline was investigated with respect to time via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Greater amounts of mercury and silver were released from unpolished than from polished surfaces. Ion release was greatest during the first three hours after trituration of all amalgams. The rate of dissolution of ions from amalgams into saline is considered to be very low once the amalgam has set, and is probably inhibited by the formation of a surface film formed during immersion. PMID- 3476603 TI - Use of a bimaterial strip to predict expansion compatibility. PMID- 3476602 TI - Verification of theoretical modeling of heat transmission in teeth by in vivo experiments. AB - A theoretical axisymmetric tooth model, simulating the conditions involved in the drinking of a liquid of a certain temperature, was compared with results of a similar in vivo experiment. The temperature changes as a result of one draught of a hot/cold liquid were recorded within the model as well as in the surrounding environment. The experimental data obtained were compared with the calculated results for the theoretical model as determined by the Finite Element Analysis. The temperatures recorded experimentally agreed reasonably with the calculated results. It can be concluded that the assumptions which have been made concerning the described thermal loading conditions lead to a good approximation of the physical reality. PMID- 3476604 TI - Dynamic creep of dental amalgam as a function of stress and number of applied stress cycles. AB - Dynamic creep tests on specimens of dental amalgam gave a relationship between creep (epsilon), applied dynamic stress (sigma), and number of applied stress cycles (N) as epsilon = AN (m sigma + c) where A, m, and c are constants. This equation can be used to predict creep of amalgam at low levels of stress and extended times. The pattern of results produced for different types of amalgam indicates that the creep process is multifactorial in nature. PMID- 3476605 TI - Possible physico-chemical processes in human dentin caries. AB - This study correlated ultrastructural observations on the presence of beta tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) in arrested dentin caries with physico-chemical observations on the in vitro formation of Mg-substituted beta-TCP. The ultrastructural studies were made using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the capability of microdiffraction and microanalysis on sites less than 10 nm in diameter. Mg-substituted beta-TCP was obtained, by a precipitation method, from solutions with Mg/Ca molar ratios of 5/95 and higher. Such correlations led to the postulation of a possible chronological sequence of physico-chemical events occurring at the crystal level during the progress and arrest of caries in human dentin. It is suggested that the initial mechanism for the observed occurrence of large crystals of Mg-substituted beta-TCP and of apatite in the tubule lumen is due to the dissolution of the dentin mineral (a CO3- and Mg-rich calcium OH-apatite) and reprecipitation of Mg-substituted beta TCP, followed by that of CO3- and Mg-poor apatite. PMID- 3476606 TI - Diffusion of fluoride through the rat enamel organ in vitro. AB - This study investigated the diffusion of fluoride through the enamel organ in vitro. The rat molar explants used were entirely in the secretory stage or predominantly in the maturation stage of enamel formation. The removal of the enamel organ or metabolic inhibition with iodoacetate caused significant increases in enamel fluoride uptake at both stages of enamel formation. Inhibition with dinitrophenol caused a significant increase only in the maturation phase. Uptake of fluoride in enamel was related to the fluoride concentration in the medium, except in the maturation stage explants, where increasing the medium fluoride concentration from 0.05 ppm to 0.08 ppm did not significantly increase fluoride uptake at any of the three observation times. The findings indicate that the enamel organ exists as a diffusion-limiting membrane to the movement of fluoride from the extracellular fluid compartment to the developing enamel. PMID- 3476607 TI - The demineralization of human dental roots in the presence of fluoride. AB - Intact roots of human molars, which had not been exposed to the oral environment, were exposed to buffer solutions of pH 5.5, which contained, besides calcium and phosphate, various concentrations of fluoride. Densitometric measurements on contact-microradiograms of transverse sections of these roots produced data which were used to calculate the rate of demineralization (Vdem). Vdem appeared to be reduced with increasing fluoride concentration and with decreasing pIOHA (i.e., the negative logarithm of the ionic product of hydroxyapatite) of the buffer solution. In addition, it was observed that, after some days of exposure, remineralization started to occur within the surface layer at some micron from the outer surface and that the region within which remineralization took place was extended inward with increasing time of exposure. These data suggest that fluoride is effective in the prevention of root surface caries. The mechanism of the interaction of fluoride with the root mineral is discussed. PMID- 3476608 TI - Timing of temporomandibular joint sounds in orthodontic patients. AB - The consistency of occurrence and also the timing of TMJ sounds during jaw opening and closing were studied by means of an audio-visual sound recording system in an attempt to address the possible causes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds. From a group of 347 orthodontic patients, 104 were found to have medium- or high-amplitude TMJ sounds during jaw opening or closing. Most patients (53%) had reciprocal clicking--that is, a single sound on opening and on closing; another 12% had multiple sounds on opening or closing; 22% had a single closing sound; and 13% had a single opening sound. Sounds occurred at all degrees of jaw opening throughout this sample, but in most patients opening sounds tended to be closer to maximum opening, whereas closing sounds tended to occur in the middle of the closing movement. No statistically significant association was found between the timing of the opening and closing sounds. In 42.3% of patients, the sound was inconsistent in its occurrence on successive opening and closing cycles. Twenty-three percent of patients reported pain, jaw locking, or limitation of movement, but these were not associated with the timing of the opening sound. The findings suggest that the reciprocal click, widely associated with anterior disc displacement with reduction, was relatively common, but that other explanations for the joint sounds should also be considered. Conversely, a large variation may exist in the timing and the occurrence of sounds in patients with anterior disc displacement in the absence of pain and limitation of movement. PMID- 3476609 TI - Phenytoin and 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin do not alter the effects of bacterial and amplified plaque extracts on cultures of fibroblasts from normal and overgrown gingivae. AB - Local irritation of gingival tissue by plaque is among the factors which affect development of gingival overgrowth in patients undergoing chronic phenytoin (PHT) therapy. Variability in the cytotoxicity of plaque components or of plaque substances plus PHT and/or its metabolites toward gingival fibroblasts may relate to whether gingival overgrowth forms in a particular patient. Fibroblasts from healthy and overgrown gingivae were incubated with (a) PHT and its major human metabolite, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), (b) microbial and "amplified" plaque extracts, and (c) microbial and "amplified" plaque extracts plus PHT and HPPH. Cell numbers and cell-associated protein were determined for each incubation preparation. A wide range in cytotoxic response to a particular microbial or plaque extract occurred among cell strains. Plaque extracts from different subjects had variable cytotoxicity toward a cell strain. The differences among fibroblast strains in response to an extract and the variability in cytotoxicity of different plaque extracts toward a cell strain were not related to their source from normal or overgrown gingivae. Cell numbers and cell-associated protein were similar for incubation mixtures containing extracts with and without PHT and HPPH. These data do not show differences among cytotoxicity levels of plaque extracts, the response of particular gingival fibroblast strains to plaque components, or interaction between drugs and certain plaque samples which explain development of gingival overgrowth in some subjects receiving chronic PHT therapy. PMID- 3476611 TI - Clinical results after 12 months from a study of the incidence and progression of dental caries in relation to consumption of chewing-gum containing xylitol in school preventive programs. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the effect of chewing-gum containing xylitol on the incidence and the progression of dental caries. A sample of 433 children, aged 8 and 9 years, of low socio-economic status and high caries rate, was divided into two experimental groups (15% or 65% xylitol chewing-gum distributed three times a day at school) and one control group (without chewing-gum). The three groups were exposed to the same basic preventive program. Children who chewed gum had a significantly smaller DMF(S) increment over a 12-month period than did the control group. The former had increments of 1.58 surfaces, compared with 3.28 for the latter. No statistically significant difference, however, was demonstrated between the two experimental groups. The net progression of decay (progressions-reversals) showed a significant difference between the two experimental groups and the control group. In addition, 65% xylitol chewing-gum produced better results than did that containing 15% xylitol, suggesting a dose response relationship. Chewing xylitol gum had a beneficial effect on the caries process for all types of tooth surfaces, but chewing gum with a higher xylitol content had an additional positive effect on buccolingual surfaces. A questionnaire asking the participants about stomach pain indicated that there was no difference between the experimental and control groups. The feasibility of such a preventive measure has been demonstrated by the excellent level of participation of both children and teachers. This activity could easily be integrated into existing preventive public health programs. PMID- 3476612 TI - The impact of dental and facial pain. AB - This paper presents data from a mail survey on dental and facial pain. The survey was conducted in the City of Toronto in 1986. The aim of the study was to obtain estimates of the prevalence of such pain and its impact on daily life. A random sample of 1014 names was drawn from the voters' list, and, as a result of four mailings, information was obtained on 71.6% of the eligible sample. Of those returning questionnaires, 39.7% reported dental or facial pain in the previous four weeks. A psychological impact in the form of worry or concern was reported by 70.3% of those experiencing pain, while 58.0% reported one or more behavioral impacts. The most common behavioral impacts were consulting a dentist or doctor, avoiding certain foods, taking medication, and disturbance of sleep. Severe behavioral impacts such as work disability, need for bed rest, and reduced social contacts were also reported by some of those having pain. The results suggest that dental and facial pain imposes a significant burden on the community. Further research is indicated, with more sensitive impact measures being used. PMID- 3476610 TI - Mitogenic activity of cementum components to gingival fibroblasts. AB - Cementum forms the interface between root dentin and periodontal ligament through which periodontal connective tissue is attached to root surfaces. We have examined how cementum components influence the biological activities of gingival fibroblasts. Cementum was harvested from freshly extracted human teeth and extracted sequentially with 0.5 mol/L acetic acid, 4 mol/L guanidine-0.5 mol/L EDTA, and bacterial collagenase. The extracts were concentrated and analyzed for mitogenic activity to human gingival fibroblasts. DNA synthesis was assayed by measurement of [3H]thymidine incorporation by quiescent fibroblasts activated to divide, and cell growth was determined by the counting of cells over a 10-day period. Results showed that extracts of cementum stimulated quiescent gingival fibroblasts to synthesize DNA and grow. The stimulation was dose-dependent, and most of the stimulatory activity was extracted by acid. Addition of small quantities of serum potentiated the mitogenic activity to levels greater than those of control cultures containing 10% fetal calf serum. The mitogenic activity was heat-stable, but it was destroyed by trypsin. Neither platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) nor epidermal growth factor (EGF) was detectable in the cementum extract, and extracts of human dentin and skin contained very little mitogenic activity. We conclude that cementum contains substances capable of regulating the growth of gingival fibroblasts, and that these substances may play an important role in gingival connective tissue formation and regeneration. PMID- 3476613 TI - Physical model for non-steady-state dissolution of dental enamel. AB - The purpose of this study was to provide a rigorous theoretical understanding of the dissolution behavior of dental enamel over the entire time-course of demineralization and to simulate by computer an erosion-type caries lesion according to the physical "hydroxyapatite model". The appropriate diffusion equations which account for simultaneous diffusion and equilibrium of all species in enamel pores, boundary layer, and bulk solution, and which also take into consideration surface reaction kinetics, were employed to allow for calculation of the micro-environmental solution concentration and changes in the mineral density as a function of time and distance within the enamel. This comprehensive physical model for non-steady-state enamel dissolution also explicitly takes into account changes in the diffusivity and the dissolution rate constant as a function of mineral density. Demineralization experiments were conducted in 0.1 mol/L sink acetate buffer (pH = 4.50, mu = 0.50), with ground bovine dental enamel blocks of known surface area mounted (with beeswax) in a rotating disk apparatus. Mineral density profiles were quantified by means of contact x-ray microradiography. The physical model was used to predict mineral density profiles for given demineralization treatments. The experimental profiles agreed quite well with the predicted profiles, when the effective diffusivity of the enamel was assumed to be a function of porosity and when changes in surface area of the crystallites were taken into consideration. PMID- 3476614 TI - Calbindin-D28 kappa localization in rat molars during odontogenesis. AB - Specific antiserum raised against Calbindin-D28 kappa, a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) isolated from chick intestine, was used for localization of the protein in developing rat molars. Previously, CaBP had been localized in specific cells associated with the continuously erupting rat incisor: late pre-secretory ameloblasts, secretory and maturation zone ameloblasts, stratum intermedium cells adjacent to ameloblasts in the late zone of enamel secretion, and papillary cells underlying maturation zone ameloblasts. In this study, the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique was used for localization of the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique was used for localization of CaBP in histological sections of rat mandibles from 18-day-old rat embryos through 20-day old neonates. CaBP was not detected in any cells of the enamel organ, dental papilla, or dental sac during early odontogenesis from the dental lamina stage through the advanced bell stage. The protein first appeared in secretory ameloblasts which were situated opposite odontoblasts with newly secreted dentin. CaBP was present in the cytoplasm of more mature ameloblasts, but not in less mature ameloblasts. Some stratum intermedium cells subjacent to well-developed secretory and maturation zone ameloblasts also contained CaBP. The protein was not detected in odontoblasts, pulp cells, or other cells associated with the developing molars. It was also absent from the demineralized enamel and dentin matrix. In developing rat molars, the time-course of appearance of CaBP, a protein dependent for its synthesis on the vitamin D endocrine system in other organ systems, suggests a potential direct role of this hormonal system in enamel mineralization. PMID- 3476615 TI - Oxygen consumption mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors in rat salivary glands. AB - Carbachol and oxotremorine stimulated the consumption of oxygen in rat parotid, submandibular, and sublingual gland slices in a dose-dependent manner. Their actions were abolished by atropine and nifedipine but not by trihexyphenidyl. The findings suggest that carbachol and oxotremorine enhanced oxygen consumption in the major salivary gland slices by the activation of the calcium-dependent muscarinic M2 receptors. PMID- 3476617 TI - Bacterial endotoxin inhibits migration, attachment, and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro and delays collagen gel contraction. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of endotoxin adsorbed to dental surfaces and to collagen type I on the migration, attachment, and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Transversely cut porcine tooth root slices (RS), 200 micron thick, were prepared. Half of the RS obtained were partially demineralized in EDTA. Half of the demineralized and non-demineralized RS were incubated with 400 micrograms/mL of endotoxin for 24 hr, whereas the other half were maintained in PBS and served as controls. Experimental and control RS were placed on confluent layers of HFG and cultured for six days. Cell migration toward and cell attachment to the periphery of the RS and the formation of oriented cell sheets were assessed by means of photographic techniques. Additionally, six-day-old cultures were fixed and processed for SEM observation. In separate experiments, the effect of endotoxin on cell attachment to collagen type I and on contraction of three-dimensional collagen gels was assessed. It was found that: (i) bacterial endotoxin inhibited migration and attachment of HGF to both demineralized and non-demineralized cementum and interfered with the development of oriented cellular structure: (ii) the inhibitory effect was significantly more pronounced for non-demineralized than for demineralized cementum: (iii) the morphology of HGF attached to endotoxin-treated dental surfaces was altered compared with that of their controls: and (iv) bacterial endotoxin inhibited cell attachment to collagen type I and delayed the contraction of collagen gel. PMID- 3476616 TI - The color accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk theory for various colorants in maxillofacial prosthetic material. AB - The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly found between the optical coefficients and the concentration of the colorants. These relationships indicated occasional optical interaction between the colorants and the elastomer. Color differences between theoretical and observed colors of the thick samples averaged 2.96, 3.47, and 1.60 for the opacifiers, mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants, respectively, when measured using the CIELAB uniform-color space. The agreement between theoretical and observed colors was significantly closer for the fibrous colorants than for the dry mineral earth pigments of the same labeled color. PMID- 3476618 TI - Etiological factors influencing the prevalence of developmental defects of dental enamel in nine-year-old New Zealand children participating in a health and development study. AB - Over 1000 children, participating in a longitudinal study of health and development, possess documented medical histories based on birth records and regular assessments starting at age 3. A dental examination at age 5 of 923 participants recorded their exposure to fluoride and evidence of trauma to the deciduous teeth. The prevalence of developmental defects of dental enamel in 696 of the children when aged 9 was reported as 56% (Suckling et al., 1985). For the present study, a number of illnesses, accidents, and other experiences were selected from the recorded information as possible etiological factors for any defect, demarcated and diffuse opacities, and hypoplasia. Despite extensive statistical testing, positive and strong associations were few. The prevalence of hypoplasia, seen in 15% of the sample, was higher in those children who had chicken pox before age 3 and, as reported previously, in those children with a history of trauma to their deciduous incisors. This study illustrates the difficulty of establishing the etiology of enamel defects, even when medical and dental histories are available. PMID- 3476619 TI - Surface characterization of amalgams using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AB - This study is the first to report on the use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) for studying the surface films (less than 10 nm thick) of aged amalgams. The concentrations and electron binding energies of the elements on the surfaces of four different amalgams aged for 20 min, one day, seven days, and 30 days were determined quantitatively. For comparison, the bulk compositions of the amalgams aged for seven days were also determined after removal of approximately 5 nm of material from the surface by argon-ion-sputtering. The XPS data revealed that the surface films of aged zinc-containing amalgams were not a simple oxide but were primarily composed of a (hydrated) tin and zinc oxy-hydroxide, whereas, in the zinc-free amalgams, the surface films were primarily a tin oxide. The concentration of mercury in this thin surface film after aging was depleted. This suggests that tin and/or zinc preferentially diffused to the surface and combined with oxygen, forming a surface film and diluting the mercury concentration in the surface. Another probable explanation for the depleted mercury is that a minimal amount of mercury in the surface film evaporated during the aging. PMID- 3476620 TI - Development of an intra-oral single-section remineralization model. AB - An intra-oral model system has been developed which uses a single-section technique for before-and-after measurements on the same tissue. This model allows for placement of sections of enamel at both buccal and approximal sites. These sections may be sound or possess white-spot lesions. This allows for the evaluation of lesion initiation, lesion progression, and/or lesion remineralization. The sections are appropriate for measurement by polarized light microscopy, and, although not included in this study, they are also suitable for microradiographic evaluation. With ten human volunteers, the model system was evaluated by means of three rinse regimens in a cross-over design. The distilled water rinse showed the whole range of possible changes (e.g., demineralization, no change, and remineralization). More consistent remineralization was observed when a fluoride rinse or a remineralizing fluid was used. This model system should prove to be quite useful in evaluation of demineralization and remineralization phenomena in the oral environment. PMID- 3476621 TI - Impeded eruption rate of the rat maxillary incisor during exposure to different simulated altitudes. AB - Female rats weighing about 200 g each were separated into normoxic and hypoxic groups. The former were maintained at sea-level conditions. The hypoxic groups were placed in an altitude chamber and maintained at the equivalent of 1850 m, 4100 m, or 7100 m over a period of two weeks. Hematocrit, body weight, body length, and impeded eruption rate were recorded once a week. Food intake was recorded every day. Exposure to 1850 m did not significantly alter hematocrit, body weight and body length gains, food intake, and impeded eruption rate. Nevertheless, exposure to 4100 m and 7100 m decreased body weight and body length gains, food intake, and impeded eruption rate, and increased hematocrit value. These parameters varied as a function of altitude. In spite of the lack of conclusive evidence, this work affords further insight into the particular significance of polycythemia on the eruption rate. PMID- 3476622 TI - Relationship between dental plaque indices and bacteria in dental plaque and those in saliva. AB - A variety of indices has been developed for the quantitation of dental plaque. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the Loe plaque index and the number of bacteria on the same tooth. Furthermore, the effect of plaque accumulation on the salivary counts of some dental plaque organisms was estimated. Twenty volunteers were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene for a one-week period. Clinical indices and bacteriological samples were taken at the start and at the end of the experimental period. After an interval of seven days, the experiment was repeated. The relationship between the Loe plaque index and the total bacterial counts on the same area of the tooth was found to be highly significant. After seven days without oral hygiene, the total counts and the Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and Streptococcus sanguis counts in dental plaque had increased by approximately two log units, while the Streptococcus mutans counts had increased by more than one log unit. The large increase in the number of bacteria on the teeth was reflected in the salivary counts of the Actinomyces species, but not in the S. sanguis or S. mutans counts. This was due to differences in ecological habitats of these species in the mouth. Highly significant correlations were found between the S. mutans level in dental plaque and the salivary level, and between the S. mutans counts of the subjects in the first and second trials of the experiment. PMID- 3476623 TI - Recolonization of human tooth surfaces by Streptococcus mutans after suppression by chlorhexidine treatment. AB - In eight subjects who were initially highly colonized with Streptococcus mutans and who used a 1% chlorhexidine gel, the numbers of this organism were suppressed in both plaque and saliva. Bacterial plaque samples were obtained from all tooth surfaces, and the recolonization pattern of S. mutans was studied over a 26-week period. At baseline, 83% of all surfaces harbored S. mutans with buccal surfaces colonized in higher frequency than the others. After chlorhexidine treatment, the proportion of tooth surfaces colonized by S. mutans was reduced to a low level. Re-appearance was slow. S. mutans was first recovered from the most posterior teeth in the mouth, the molar surfaces were recolonized earlier than were those of pre-molars and anterior teeth, and the buccal surfaces were recolonized more readily than were the other tooth surfaces. The data show that there is a specific recolonization pattern of S. mutans after chlorhexidine treatment, and that the re-emergence of S. mutans is most probably due to regrowth of bacteria which have not been eradicated. PMID- 3476624 TI - Effects of fluoride on the mouse sperm morphology test. AB - There has been little information and much confusion regarding the genotoxic effects of fluoride. The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the germ cells by means of the mouse sperm morphology test. Male mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of NaF (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received NaF by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for fluoride (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of fluoride following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for mice exposed to NaF doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that NaF did not have adverse effects on mouse sperm morphology. PMID- 3476625 TI - A longitudinal study of anteroposterior growth changes in the palatine rugae. AB - Palatine rugae have been used as internal dental cast reference points for quantification of tooth migration. Some, but not all, investigators have reported the medial rugal region to be stable or to show predictable change. The purpose of this study was to use the longitudinal data base of the Child Research Council of Denver to examine the anteroposterior stability of the medial rugal region. Dental casts of 20 females and 21 males with untreated normal Angle Class I occlusions were selected. Time intervals measured were: T1--primary teeth erupted, T2--earliest cast with permanent first molars erupted, T3--earliest cast with canines and pre-molars erupted, and T4--ages 16 to 22. Distinctive left and right anterior and posterior rugae which appeared on all four casts were identified, the medial ends marked, and the anteroposterior distances measured. The data were evaluated with the paired t test, repeated-measures ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison procedure. From T1--T4, the medial rugal region increased 1.4 +/- 0.6 mm in females and 2.3 +/- 0.8 mm in males. Only two cases showed a trend toward stability. There were no significant differences by side. Significant increases in size occurred between T2 and T3 for females and males and between T3 and T4 for males. Analysis of these data indicates that the medial rugal region increases significantly in anteroposterior length, but not uniformly between the sexes across observation times. Such changes are characteristic of general craniofacial growth and suggest that the rugal region is responding to the differential growth of the underlying bone. Therefore, medial rugal landmarks appear not to be stable reference points for tooth migration research. PMID- 3476627 TI - Proceedings. Conference on Evaluation and Management of Salivary Gland Dysfunction. May 15-16, 1986, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 3476626 TI - Re: The rapid determination of extracellular potassium concentrations in whole human dental plaque and plaque fluid. PMID- 3476628 TI - Protein production and secretion in exocrine cells. AB - Acinar cells of exocrine glands are highly specialized for producing, storing, and discharging secretory proteins for use on surfaces that represent interfaces between the organism and the surrounding environment. These functions are achieved through the secretory pathway that includes a series of functionally distinct intracellular compartments--the endoplasmic reticulum, subcompartments of the Golgi complex, and the secretion granule in which exportable macromolecules are stored at high concentrations. Most secretion occurs by granule exocytosis in response to external hormonal or neural stimuli. Although these processes have been traced in a variety of morphological and biochemical studies, very little is known about the mechanisms involved in facilitating and maintaining secretory storage, orchestrating discharge at the apical cell surface, and in ensuring conservation and re-internalization of the granule membrane. Recent studies initiated on cell fractions obtained from the rat parotid gland have provided significant insight into the protein storage conditions that prevail in the granule interior and the components of the granule membrane that are likely to be involved in general secretory function such as exocytosis. PMID- 3476629 TI - Physiological factors affecting salivary flow rate, oral sugar clearance, and the sensation of dry mouth in man. AB - This paper discusses methods for collection of both whole saliva and individual gland secretions, the normal ranges of salivary flow rate, the effects of physiological variables which influence flow rate, and the role of saliva in oral sugar clearance. The physiological basis for the sensation of dry mouth is discussed, and a new concept is advanced which states that the sensation of dry mouth will occur when the salivary flow rate is less than the sum of the rates of water absorption and evaporation from the mouth. In a study of the effects of anticholinergic agents on salivary flow, the subjects experienced the sensation of dry mouth when the normal flow rate of unstimulated saliva was reduced by from 40 to 50%. PMID- 3476630 TI - Use of human minor salivary glands in basic and applied secretion research. AB - Previous findings from studies utilizing human labial and palatine minor salivary glands are reviewed. These studies took histopathological, biochemical, and ultrastructural approaches, and focused on control and diseased glands. Disease oriented summarization are used, and control results are discussed in the context of disease-related findings. Findings are reviewed separately for electrolytes, macromolecules, and ultrastructure. In control subjects, minor gland salivary electrolyte concentrations are dependent on flow rate, and this dependence may be altered by diseases such as cystic fibrosis as well as by inflammatory situations such as graft-versus-host disease. There is also evidence that salivary electrolyte secretion processes are not similar in labial and palatine minor glands. Studies of salivary macromolecular composition are reviewed for control subjects and for patients with graft-versus-host disease and Sjogren's syndrome. The findings indicate that the macromolecular contents of labial and palatine gland saliva are similar, but that both are significantly different from that for major gland saliva. Finally, studies attempting to measure disease-related changes in intracellular composition are reviewed. It is concluded that the minor salivary glands are important models for the study of exocrine gland physiology and pathophysiology in man. PMID- 3476631 TI - The rheology of saliva. AB - The rheology of saliva affects the coating and lubrication of oral surfaces and the consistency of ingested foods. Salivary gland dysfunction can cause tissue damage and dysphagia. Therefore, we have considered the problem of designing a synthetic saliva for medical management. Also, we have measured certain rheological properties /shear-dependent viscosity eta (kappa)/ and the frequency dependent moduli /G'(f) and eta'(f)/ of normal stimulated whole saliva. Analysis of the rheological data and consideration of requirements for using artificial saliva have resulted in a better understanding of the rheological functions of natural saliva and the desirable characteristics of synthetic saliva. In addition, we have measured rheological properties of two commercial saliva substitutes for comparison. PMID- 3476632 TI - Overview of Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Sjogren's syndrome, a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder (Shoenfeld and Schwartz, 1984; Smith and Steinberg, 1983), is characterized by diminished lacrimal and salivary gland secretion (sicca complex), resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and xerostomia. As originally described, the syndrome consisted of a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth, and rheumatoid arthritis. We now know that other connective tissue diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis) may be present in place of rheumatoid arthritis, and that the sicca complex can exist as a primary pathologic entity with no associated disorder (Strand and Talal, 1980; Talal, 1985). Moreover, generalized lymphoproliferation, pseudolymphoma, or even lymphoid malignancy may appear in some patients (Talal and Bunim, 1964; Talal et al., 1967). More than 90% of patients are women, with a mean age of 50 years at diagnosis. The disease occurs in all races and all ages. PMID- 3476633 TI - Systemic therapy of salivary gland hypofunction. AB - Salivary gland hypofunction occurs most often as a consequence of numerous drug therapies, anti-neoplastic treatments, or systemic disease. There are no universally accepted means of treating gland dysfunction and the resultant subjective xerostomia. A few studies have suggested that treatment of underlying inflammatory connective tissue disease will improve salivary performance in Sjogren's syndrome. Most of these reports, however, have either been limited to a small number of patients or have failed to include objective measures of salivary gland output. A larger body of literature deals with attempts using many different sialogogues to stimulate salivary function in a variety of conditions. Again, many studies have failed to document salivary improvement objectively. Recently, interest has focused on three drugs: bromhexine, anethole-trithione, and pilocarpine hydrochloride. Studies with these agents are reviewed, and current clinical investigations with pilocarpine are presented in detail. PMID- 3476634 TI - Artificial salivas: present and future. AB - Modern technology has allowed us to understand better the functions of saliva and now provides a rationale for developing: (1) diagnostic reagents for monitoring oral and systemic health status and (2) replacement therapies for individuals with salivary dysfunctions. Several areas of dental research are directed at augmenting or enhancing both the quality and quantity of saliva for individuals with dry mouth. An "intrinsic" approach is being explored which utilizes medications such as pilocarpine and bromhexine to stimulate the salivary glands to produce more saliva. An "extrinsic" approach proposes to use topically applied artificial saliva. Studies in our laboratory have been directed toward developing artificial salivas which incorporate many of the protective features of "native" saliva. An ideal artificial saliva should be "long-lasting", provide lubrication, inhibit colonization of microflora responsible for dental caries and gingivitis, and coat the oral soft tissues for protection against environmental insult and desiccation. Studies are currently under way to determine the structural requirements of salivary molecules responsible for these protective functions. Composite salivary molecules consisting of multiple biologically active or "functional domains" could then be designed and synthesized based upon primary sequence and conformational analyses, computer-assisted structural predictions, and in vitro testing. These supersalivary substances could then be used as saliva substitutes for targeting to selected oral surfaces to promote mineralization, hydration, and/or regulate microbial-mediated disease. PMID- 3476635 TI - Management of oral sequelae. AB - The purpose of this paper is to enumerate and describe the oral complications that are associated with salivary gland dysfunction. The significance of these oral problems and their related adverse impact on the patient's quality of life are presented. Palliative and therapeutic agents and regimens are discussed, and a suggested protocol for managing the deleterious oral sequelae of salivary gland dysfunction is outlined. PMID- 3476636 TI - The development of geriatric curricula in U.S. dental schools, 1979-1984. AB - When data from a 1984 survey of U.S. dental schools were compared with data from a similar survey of the same schools completed in 1979, an increase in the teaching of geriatric dentistry to dental students was observed. While more topics are being taught in more schools, the depth and coverage are variable. Multivariate analyses revealed that more topics were likely to be taught if a course in geriatrics existed, if the course had existed since 1979, and if the course director was a dentist. Factors associated with the establishment of a course between 1979 and 1984 were that the school was located in a state with a large geriatric population and that financial assistance for patients through state or local government was available. PMID- 3476637 TI - Factors that influence minority dental students' career plans. AB - Questionnaires were mailed to all 443 minority senior dental students and to a randomly selected control group of 200 nonminority seniors. Questions were asked about background income, debt, and future plans. Minorities reported lower family income, but similar debt levels. Minorities were more likely to locate in a minority community, less likely to enter solo practice. About one-third of each group stated that debt influenced practice plans. However, only the minority plans appeared to vary with debt: as debt increased, minorities were less likely to plan a solo private practice. PMID- 3476638 TI - Identifying dental student dissatisfiers using a Delphi technique. PMID- 3476639 TI - The cognitive level demands of the National Board Dental Examination. PMID- 3476641 TI - A typodont used exclusively for practical examinations. AB - The use of a testing typodont has eliminated the problems associated with the use of the students' typodont for practical examinations and provided increased objectivity, conformity, security, efficiency, and flexibility in the testing and evaluation process. The cost benefit comparison of purchasing separate testing typodonts for use in preclinical practical examinations can be measured only in such intangibles as student and faculty acceptance and confidence in the examination and evaluation procedures. PMID- 3476640 TI - A profile of general practice residency program directors and dental department chairpersons. PMID- 3476642 TI - Curriculum guidelines for predoctoral oral diagnosis/oral medicine. PMID- 3476643 TI - Direct reimbursement. PMID- 3476644 TI - Oral health and the quality of life. PMID- 3476645 TI - Increasing use of dental services by the young elderly. PMID- 3476646 TI - The future of dentistry: comprehensive general practice. PMID- 3476648 TI - Bur corrosion problem. PMID- 3476647 TI - Apical root resorption. PMID- 3476649 TI - Craniocervical dysfunction levels in a patient sample from a temporomandibular joint clinic. AB - Results gathered by examining 40 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 40 matched controls for craniocervical dysfunction showed that high scores were more frequent for patients with temporomandibular disorders. Results indicated that these patients should be screened routinely for craniocervical problems. PMID- 3476651 TI - Periodontal surgery as an adjunct to endodontics, orthodontics, and restorative dentistry. AB - Periodontal surgery and biologic principles can be used to treat a variety of restorative and endodontic complications. Four cases illustrated the application of orthodontic therapy and periodontal surgery in the treatment of these difficulties. PMID- 3476650 TI - Efficacy of diphenhydramine hydrochloride for local anesthesia before oral surgery. AB - The efficacy of diphenhydramine hydrochloride with epinephrine was tested against lidocaine with epinephrine in a double-blind study. Patients with allergic reactions to general local anesthetics were safely and effectively treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride as an anesthetic alternative. PMID- 3476652 TI - High-gap arthroplasty for the treatment of bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: report of case. AB - With the aid of recent refinements in temporomandibular joint surgery, it is often possible to release a bony ankylosis directly within the joint space. The causes of bony ankylosis, various surgical techniques, and preoperative management are discussed within the framework of this report of case. PMID- 3476653 TI - The influence of mixing speed on the setting rate of high-copper amalgams. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the effect of mixing speed on the setting rate of high-copper dental amalgam. The surface hardness during setting of two representative brands of dental amalgam was related to working and carving times determined by clinicians. From this information, a means of evaluating setting rate of amalgam based on surface hardness was developed. PMID- 3476654 TI - Rotary instrument finishing of microfilled and small-particle hybrid composite resins. AB - Tungsten carbide burs operated at high speeds for trimming and finishing microfilled composite resins are contraindicated as they disrupt the composite resin surface. Diamond burs operated at low speeds do not disrupt the surface on microfilled and small-particle hybrid composite resins. High-speed finishing with carbide burs on small-particle (hybrid) composite resins produces not only a nondisrupted surface but leaves the surface flat and smooth--free from the characteristic striations and grooves left by diamond burs. These results suggest that the rotary instruments used to finish a composite resin must be selected in accordance with the type of composite resins used. PMID- 3476656 TI - Accredited dental schools. Commission on Dental Accreditation. PMID- 3476655 TI - Bilateral mixed density lesions in the body of the mandible. AB - A patient with actinomycosis involving the right and left body of the mandible is reported. Such a diagnosis, although not common, should be considered when formulating a differential diagnosis of such mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesions. Proper collection of a specimen, transplant, and culture under anaerobic conditions is imperative if a laboratory diagnosis is to be made. A biopsy, yielding the characteristic histopathological features of actinomycosis infection, is frequently adequate for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3476657 TI - Charges exceed maximum limit. PMID- 3476658 TI - Cytoxins and dental anomalies. PMID- 3476659 TI - Periodontal pockets and attachment levels. PMID- 3476660 TI - Appropriate application of therapeutic exercises. PMID- 3476662 TI - Geographic stomatitis: review of the literature and report of five cases. AB - Five new cases of geographic stomatitis have been presented along with data from 24 previously reported patients. For the first time, basic parameters of this disorder have been tabulated from this population. Although the earliest documented case appeared in the literature in 1955, the majority of articles has been published during the last 15 years. This increased frequency of reporting indicates a growing awareness of this rather innocuous lesion. Thus, the general practitioner is advised to become familiar with the salient features of geographic stomatitis. Prompt recognition and diagnosis of this lesion, based on the clinical findings and history, will usually mitigate the need for biopsy. PMID- 3476661 TI - Oral findings in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a study of 47 cases. AB - These two clinically oriented articles deal with problems dentists are seeing more frequently. One hospital dental service sees an average of four to five patients weekly with eating disorders. The first article is a research study discussing problems found in 47 study participants with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The second article describes a helpful technique for oral rehabilitation. PMID- 3476663 TI - Giant sialolithiasis appearing as odontogenic infection. AB - The dentist frequently is called on to diagnose pathoses of the head and neck region. Two reports of giant submandibular sialoliths that were originally diagnosed as submandibular space odontogenic infections are presented. Careful history, and physical and radiographic examinations are necessary to assure proper diagnosis and treatment of this condition. PMID- 3476664 TI - Tooth eruption and craniofacial development in congenital hypothyroidism: report of case. AB - The long-term effects of severe hypothyroidism on craniofacial growth and dental development are illustrated in this case. It is apparent that given a favorable diet, the primary dentition can persist for a long period (early childhood to at least the age of 19) without the development of dental caries. It is also clear that the dental structures can still respond to the effects of L-thyroxine at a relatively late age, with the exfoliation of primary dentition and eruption of the secondary dentition. Impacted mandibular second molars appear to be rare. The lack of proper growth of the mandible and failure of normal resorption of the internal aspect of the ramus associated with deposition of bone on the external aspect with the development of normal-size teeth, resulted in a lack of space for the eruption of mandibular second molars. The impaction of the mandibular second molars in this patient seems to be caused by a dissociation of ramus growth and dental development, resulting in insufficient space for proper eruption of these teeth. PMID- 3476665 TI - A diagnostic and epidemiologic survey of 15,783 oral lesions. AB - Tissue specimens submitted to an oral pathology biopsy service during a 17 1/2 year period were studied to determine the types of diagnoses rendered, the general types of pathological processes represented, and the epidemiologic distribution of patients. A total of 15,783 cases were studied. Normal structures were observed in 480 cases, mostly dental follicles, and were eliminated from the study. The remaining 15,303 cases had been diagnosed as pathological entities. A majority of the oral biopsies were taken from either infectious or reactive conditions. Fibromas, periapical granulomas, periodontitis, mucoceles, and radicular cysts were the most frequently encountered lesions. Neoplasms constituted nearly 15% of all the specimens, with approximately 18% of these being malignant. An additional 360 lesions (2.4% of the total number of specimens) harbored dysplasia and might be considered premalignant. The peak age groups represented in these patients were the third through sixth decades of life. More oral biopsies were performed on females than males. A majority of the patients were white. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative frequency of oral lesions that were considered to be of sufficient clinical significance to merit a biopsy. Although this data might be used as a guide for forming clinical impressions about oral lesions, the clinician must always be aware of the possible occurrence of more rare lesions. PMID- 3476667 TI - Association finances: a joint letter from the Treasurer and the Executive Director. AB - The Board of Trustees, officers and staff remain committed to meeting the goals of the Association and the priorities as set forth by the House of Delegates within the approved budget of the Association. A review of 1986 actual budget performance has led to certain revisions of 1987 revenue projections and implementation of expense savings to assure sound financial management. PMID- 3476668 TI - Extended wear contact lens survey. PMID- 3476666 TI - Irradiance of visible light-curing units and voltage variation effects. AB - The irradiance in the wavelength of 450 to 500 nm of nine visible light-curing units was measured at 120 V input voltage. The highest irradiance was more than 20 times that of the lowest. Irradiance was also measured at 90 to 130 V input. Irradiance and depth of cure at lower input voltages were also examined. PMID- 3476669 TI - Progressive necrotizing myelopathy associated with leukemia: clinical, pathologic, and MRI correlation. AB - We describe a patient with progressive, irreversible, necrotizing myelopathy associated with myelomonocytic leukemia. The neuropathologic lesions consisted of diffuse necrosis, most pronounced in the cervical cord and affecting both the gray and white matter. These areas corresponded to areas of increased T2 on magnetic resonance imaging scans of the patient. We felt that there was no causal relationship of these lesions to any single antileukemic agent the patient received, and no other local or systemic causes were found to explain the lesions at necropsy. It is suggested that our case is an example of paraneoplastic necrotizing myelopathy. To our knowledge, this is the third case of necrotizing myelopathy associated with leukemia reported in the English medical literature, and the first one demonstrating usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of necrotizing myelopathy. PMID- 3476670 TI - Ki-M7 monoclonal antibody specific for myelomonocytic cell lineage and macrophages in human. AB - We describe a new monoclonal antibody, termed Ki-M7, which is specific to human myelomonocytic cell lineage and macrophages, as tested by immunohistochemical methods. Ki-M7 recognizes an intracytoplasmic antigen of molecular weight 29,000. Ultrastructurally, the antigen is localized in the lysosome and phagosome compartments and seems to be involved in generation of oxygen radicals during the respiratory burst. Dendritic cells, such as dendritic reticulum cells of lymphoid follicles and interdigitating reticulum cells of lymphoid T-zones, considered as accessory cells of the B- and T-cell immune response, respectively, do not show any reactivity with monoclonal antibody Ki-M7. Ki-M7 seems to be an appropriate reagent to clearly differentiate between the phagocytosing and the immune accessory population of the human monocyte/macrophage system. PMID- 3476671 TI - Immunochemical detection of cell cycle synchronization in a human erythroleukemia cell line, K562. AB - Cells of the human erythroleukemic line K562 can be induced by manipulation of culture conditions to arrest within the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and subsequently to enter S phase synchronously after release from G1. Cell cultures subjected to serum deprivation and hydroxyurea (HU) treatment demonstrated less than 5% of the cells to be in S phase. Four hours after release from HU, 63% of the cells were in S phase, as detected by immunofluorescent staining. This protocol offers a method for synchronization of K562 cells at the G1/S border and a technique for detection of S-phase cells without the use of radioisotopes or flow cytometry instrumentation. PMID- 3476672 TI - Idiotype mimicry by a differentiation antigen on Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - We previously found that murine leukemia cells of T cell, B cell, and erythroid ontogeny express a cell membrane antigen that cross-reacts with an idiotype of an anti-retroviral antibody. In the present study, the expression of this antigen (termed AVID, for anti-viral idiotype) by murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells was examined during chemically induced differentiation. AVID expression by MEL cells was found to be lost when they were treated with either dimethyl sulfoxide or hexamethylene bisacetamide, two chemicals that induce MEL cells to terminally differentiate. The kinetics of disappearance of AVID during inducer treatment reflected the kinetics with which the inducers caused MEL cell commitment to terminal differentiation. Loss of AVID expression by inducer-treated cells was inhibited by dexamethasone, which inhibits commitment and MEL cell differentiation. The subset of inducer-treated cells that expressed the least amount of AVID contained the greatest number of cells committed to differentiate. These results indicate that AVID identifies a novel differentiation antigen of MEL cells. PMID- 3476673 TI - Detection of antibodies specific for HLA-A,B,C,DR,DQ and DP by the erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibition (EAI) and immune phagocytosis inhibition (IPI) tests. AB - Two methods for the detection of murine monoclonal antibodies against determinants of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were evaluated. These methods are based upon the function of Fc receptors; the erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibition test (EAI test) using B-lymphocytes and the immune phagocytosis inhibition test (IPI test) using monocytes. Compared to the EAI test the IPI test was technically easier and gave better discrimination between positive and negative results. The inhibition by antibodies of monomorphic class II MHC or polymorphic HLA-DR antigens was stronger in the IPI than in the EAI test. Antibodies against HLA-DQ and DP antigens evoked inhibition only using the EAI test. Using IgG derived from placenta in different dilutions the detection of its anti-HLA antibodies was more readily achieved in the IPI test than in the EAI test. PMID- 3476674 TI - The effect of prostaglandin D2 on the response of human skin to histamine. AB - The interaction of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and histamine in human skin was studied by intradermal injection of the compounds alone or in combination in healthy volunteers. Responses were recorded by measurement of areas of wheal and erythema, and changes in cutaneous blood flow quantified using a laser Doppler flow meter. The effect of a near-threshold dose of PGD2 on histamine dose response relationships and on the response to a single low dose of histamine were examined. Histamine caused dose-related increases in blood flow and in areas of wheal and erythema in human skin. Prostaglandin D2 caused dose-related increases in blood flow and erythema area, but not wheal area, in the dose range used. When the compounds were injected together, PGD2 did not potentiate the increase in blood flow and areas of wheal and erythema due to histamine. The modest augmentation of histamine response in the presence of PGD2 could be attributed to summation alone. The role of PGD2 in cutaneous disorders such as the physical urticarias, in which its release has been demonstrated, is therefore uncertain. In the amounts measured in the urticarias, it is unlikely alone to cause a significant cutaneous response; nor does it appear to act by potentiation of the response to histamine. PMID- 3476675 TI - Three tumor sensitivity tests evaluated with mouse tumors. AB - The predictive value of three types of tumor sensitivity tests was evaluated using mouse tumors. Sensitivities of osteosarcoma C22LR, Lewis lung and M2661 carcinoma were determined for the following drugs: DNA interacting or alkylating agent (doxorubicin, cisplatin, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, melphalan), antimetabolite (5-fluorouracil, methotrexate) and microtubule inhibitor (vinblastine, vincristine). Volume measurements of the subcutaneously growing tumors after treatment with the same drugs were considered to be the traditional reference system with which the results of the in vitro clonogenic assay, the labeled precursor incorporation assay and the subrenal capsule assay were compared. Results obtained with the in vitro clonogenic assay were highly reproducible. With the 1-h drug exposure technique the predictive accuracy was 71%. This result is in the same range as those found by others for human tumors. Predictive accuracy after continuous drug exposure was only 25%. Vinblastine, vincristine and cisplatin caused no inhibition of labeled precursor incorporation. However, the assay is too unreliable to use, due to the extreme variability when used with the other drugs. From 31 consecutively performed duplicate tests in the subrenal capsule assay, nine showed opposite results. This degree of disagreement between duplicate test results was considered too high to make reliable predictions of tumor sensitivity with this assay. PMID- 3476676 TI - When is cloning lawful? AB - The infertility (Medical Procedures) Act (Victoria) is the first legislation in the common-law world designed to regulate the practice of in vitro fertilization. This act explicitly prohibits "cloning," without providing a definition of this term. The legislative history of the act suggests that it refers only to the production of multiple, identical copies of human individuals. But other scientific procedures, for which cloning is also a correct scientific term, may unintentionally be banned. The act should be amended in order to remove doubts about the position of molecular biologists, cytologists, and cytogeneticists, whose work may involve the production of "clones" of human cells and/or human genes in vitro. PMID- 3476677 TI - Cancer and in vitro fertilization. PMID- 3476679 TI - Clinical application of serial radiography as an adjunct in radiographic verification. PMID- 3476680 TI - Atypical morphology in lower second molars: case report and an in vitro investigation. PMID- 3476678 TI - Shift in subfractions of rat alveolar macrophages in vivo during endotoxin induced alveolitis. AB - To elucidate changes in alveolar macrophages that accompany sepsis-induced lung injury, this study analyzed the subfractions of alveolar macrophages (AM) recovered by lung lavage during the onset of endotoxin-induced acute neutrophilic alveolar inflammation in the rat model. Centrifugation on continuous self generated density gradients of Percoll was used to fractionate AM into subpopulations between density limits 1.012 and 1.130. Two-thirds of AM recovered from pathogen-free control rats (group C) were in a fraction with a density range of 1.058-1.078 ["normal" density fraction, (ND)]. Only 6% were located in a very low density (VLD) fraction 1.037-1.048. Neutrophils accounted for less than 1% of recovered cells and usually were found in the fraction with density range of 1.079-1.130. By contrast, if rats underwent lung lavage 15 hours after the administration of endotoxin (group E), only 38% of macrophages were recovered in the "normal" density fraction, whereas 26% of the AM recovered were in the VLD fraction. This shift in the relative sizes of the density based subpopulations coincided with the onset of acute bronchoalveolar inflammation as indicated by the recovery of neutrophils by bronchoalveolar lavage (PMN = 7 X 10(4) in C, vs. 9.4 X 10(5) in E, p less than .001). The macrophages on the low density subfractions showed functional impairment: they were less viable in culture and migrated poorly in response to endotoxin-activated serum compared to macrophages in the "normal" density fraction from the endotoxin-treated animals. The rapid emergence of the low density population after endotoxin could represent an influx of new cells, but more likely indicates that injury to or previous activation of resident macrophages has caused their density to decrease. We speculate that the emergence of a population of AM in airspaces with low density and impaired function could weaken pulmonary host defence following endotoxemia. PMID- 3476682 TI - The Joint Commission's "Agenda for Change". PMID- 3476681 TI - Clinical manifestations and management of nursing bottle syndrome. PMID- 3476683 TI - Age- and sex-dependent stimulation of growth rate in rats by the adrenal inhibitor trilostane. AB - The effects of the adrenal inhibitor trilostane were examined in male and female rats to determine whether growth rate could be improved by lowering circulating plasma corticosterone concentrations. Dose-response studies revealed that in young female rats (125 g) trilostane lowered peak plasma corticosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. In male rats plasma corticosterone concentrations were reduced only by very high doses of trilostane (200 mg/kg), while lower doses (2-8 mg/kg) actually increased them. Five growth studies were conducted using a total of 90 rats. In female animals, daily injections of trilostane (10 mg/day) caused an age-dependent increase in growth rate ranging from 11% in 127 g rats to 30% in 164 g rats. In three out of four experiments using females, food intake was slightly increased by the drug. Food conversion efficiency was improved consistently by trilostane by up to 18%. Trilostane-treated females had significantly heavier adrenal glands and livers, but lighter kidneys than control rats. When a complete carcass analysis was performed on one experimental group, no significant differences were found. Carcass component weights relative to control values were: body weight (103%), body water (105%), fat-free solids (103%), carcass weight (103%), body length (103%), body fat (95%) and gut content (96%). In male rats (160 g), daily injections of trilostane (10 mg) resulted in a steady and sustained depression of growth rate reflecting a similar fall in food intake, with no change in food conversion efficiency. It is concluded that in older female rats growth rate is constrained by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3476686 TI - Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate but not by its threo analog. AB - An inhibitory effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine triphosphate on hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase was found. No effect was seen by its threo analog. The effect was detected at and above a concentration of 0.05 microM. The inhibition of DNA polymerase activity was the same in ten different strains of HBV. The mechanism was shown to be competitive, with an inhibition constant (Ki) of approximately 0.04 microM, and the Km value for dTTP was 0.1 microM. PMID- 3476684 TI - A tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer is found in the body of the HLA-DR alpha gene. AB - We mapped cis-acting regulatory elements in the HLA-DR alpha gene, which encodes the monomorphic subunit of the HLA-DR heterodimer. Genomic fragments of HLA-DR alpha were placed 5' or 3' to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, the transcription of which was initiated from the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase promoter. In transient expression assays, fragments from the body of the HLA-DR alpha gene were able to increase chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in a position-, orientation-, and promoter-independent yet tissue specific fashion. These HLA-DR alpha cis-acting regulatory elements contain previously identified DNase I-hypersensitive sites and DNA sequences homologous to those found in other eukaryotic transcriptional enhancers. PMID- 3476687 TI - Binge eating and bulimic behaviors in a school-age population. PMID- 3476685 TI - Inversion of chromosome 16 in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils. PMID- 3476688 TI - Weekly high-dose methotrexate and doxorubicin for osteosarcoma: the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/the Children's Hospital--study III. AB - Weekly high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue and vincristine (HDMTX) and doxorubicin was administered as adjuvant postoperative therapy to 46 patients with a diagnosis of conventional high-grade nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of an extremity between July 1976 and December 1981. The primary lesions were managed by wide or radical amputation (26 patients) or by limb-sparing resection in 20 selected patients. The margins of the resections were retrospectively classified as marginal in three, wide in 16, and radical in one. The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) for all patients is 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%, 74%) and overall survival is 78% (95% CI, 65%, 91%). The RFS for patients initially having a limb resection procedure is 55% (95% CI, 32%, 77%) compared with 62% (95% CI, 43%, 81%) for those initially having amputations (P = .52). Using multivariate analysis, the only significant prognostic variables that predicted RFS of greater than or equal to 3 years, were the presence of moderate to marked lymphocytic infiltration of the primary tumor (P less than .002), primary site outside of the proximal humerus (P less than .005), and the absence of a predominance of osteoblastic pattern in the primary tumor (P less than .03). PMID- 3476689 TI - Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in children: results of the Italian Cooperative Study AIEOP/LAM 8204. AB - One hundred thirty-three children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) entered the multicenter Pediatric Branch of the Italian Association Against Leukemia trial AIEOP/LAM 8204 between July 1982 and May 1986. Induction therapy consisted of two courses of daunomycin (DNM) plus cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Those patients who achieved remission were given four courses of consolidation with DNM, 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and escalated doses of Ara-C followed by six courses of sequential continuation therapy using monthly pairs: etoposide (VP-16)/Ara-C, Ara C/6-TG, and DNM/Ara-C. Periodic intrathecal Ara-C was used for CNS prophylaxis. One hundred seven (80%) children achieved complete remission (CR). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and event-free survival (EFS) are 41% and 33%, respectively. Relapses occurred in 34 patients after 5 to 97 weeks (32 marrow; 2 marrow plus CNS). Overall, 14 patients died of complications during treatment (nine during induction; five during the postremission phase), mostly from infection. Risk factor analysis showed that induction failures occurred predominantly in children with French-American-British (FAB) M5 and in those with elevated leukocyte counts; by step-up Cox analysis, only FAB subtype was predictive of remission success. None of the variables examined was significant for predicting the duration of remission. Hyperleukocytosis was predictive of a significantly worse EFS rate. These results are encouraging and further support the use of intensive chemotherapy programs for childhood AML. PMID- 3476691 TI - Comparison of gallium-67 versus indium-111 monoclonal antibody (96.5, ZME-018) in detection of human melanoma in athymic mice. AB - We compared the biodistribution of two radiolabeled, whole, tumor selective monoclonal antibodies [( 111In]96.5, [111In]ZME-018) to 67Ga in nude mice bearing a human melanoma known to express p97 antigen. Localization of gallium was determined 48 hr following i.v. injection. Localization of the radiolabeled antibodies was determined at 3 days and 7 days following i.v. injection. All agents showed more or less similar absolute tumor uptake which varied between 22% and 36% of the injected dose per gram of tumor. Only the tumor uptake of [111In]96.5 antibody at 7 days was significantly lower than the 67Ga uptake at 48 hr. However, uptake in normal tissues was generally higher for both antibodies at 3 and 7 days than for 67Ga uptake at 48 hr. Therefore, the tumor-to-blood ratio for 67Ga was tenfold higher than that for either antibody, the tumor-to-muscle ratio was twofold higher. Bone was the only organ in which the tumor-to-organ ratio was consistently higher with radiolabeled antibody than with 67Ga. The tumor-to-liver and tumor-to-intestine ratios were comparable. Localization of the two tumor selective antibodies was greater than a nonspecific "control antibody" [( 111In]CEA) and change in specific activity from 0.17 mCi/mg to 3.3 mCi/mg did not influence localization. From these animal data it may be anticipated that tumor imaging with [111In]96.5 or [111In]ZME-018 will not be superior to imaging with 67Ga for detection of melanoma. PMID- 3476690 TI - A phase I and pharmacokinetic study with 21-day continuous infusion of epirubicin. AB - A phase I study with continuous administration of epirubicin for 21 days using a venous access port and a portable pump was performed. The first dose step was 2 mg/m2/d for 21 days. Interval between courses was 3 weeks. Dose increment per step was 1 mg/m2/d. Twenty-two patients entered the study and received a total of 58 courses with a median of two (range, one to nine). Up to 5 mg/m2/d no toxicity (according to World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) occurred. At 6 mg/m2/d (six pts), one patient had leukopenia grade 3. Two others had some hair loss. At 7 mg/m2/d (four patients), all patients developed mucositis (two grade 3). Three patients had bone marrow depression (one grade 3 anemia, one grade 4 leukocytopenia), and one patient developed the hand-foot syndrome. No other toxicity occurred in the patients. One patient obtained a partial response (18 weeks), ten had stable disease (12 to 54 weeks), seven had progressive disease, and four were not evaluable for response. One patient developed cellulitis around the port, responding to antibiotic treatment; one patient developed a vena cava superior syndrome that resolved with urokinase and removal of the access port. No septicemia occurred. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Plasma steady state was reached after 57 hours. During steady state there was a linear relationship between epirubicin dose administered and epirubicin level in plasma (r = .58, P less than .05), whole blood (r = .75, P less than .005), and in leukocytes (r = .68, P less than .05). The area under the curve in leukocytes was higher with continuous infusion of 6 mg/m2 for 21 days compared with bolus injection of 80 mg/m2. This method of continuous infusion with epirubicin may be a way to increase intracellular drug-uptake as expressed by intracellular area under curve (AUC). We recommend 6 mg/m2/d for 3 weeks for evaluation of antitumor efficacy in phase II studies. PMID- 3476692 TI - The role of tumour markers (CEA, TPA, CA 19-9) in colon and rectum carcinomas. PMID- 3476693 TI - 1987 Ishmael Essay Award. The necessity for dental awareness of the presenting signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa. PMID- 3476695 TI - ABC's periodontics--"W" is for the Widman flap and its modification. PMID- 3476694 TI - Utilizing feedback from students and graduates to determine recruiting strategies for dental hygiene programs. PMID- 3476696 TI - Snuff said. PMID- 3476697 TI - Trace elements and dental caries. PMID- 3476699 TI - Accuracy of cephalometric prediction in orthognathic surgery. AB - The reliability of predicting the results of orthodontic surgical treatment was analysed. The sample consisted of 30 patients treated with one of the following six types of surgery: mandibular anterior alveolar surgery; maxillary anterior alveolar surgery; mandibular setback surgery; mandibular advancement surgery; Le Fort I surgery; and a combination of Le Fort I and mandibular setback surgery. Comparisons of tracings of the initial cephalometric radiographs, the prediction tracing and the six-month follow-up film showed great variation in the results both within and between the surgical subgroups. Generally, it was easier to predict the treatment results of alveolar segmental osteotomies, especially in the mandible, than of operations in which the whole mandible was repositioned. The results from Le Fort I surgery with or without a concomitant mandibular setback showed the greatest difference between the predicted and the actual outcome. The postoperative vertical dimension appeared to be particularly hard to predict. Explanations for these discrepancies are offered and possibilities for improvements suggested. It is concluded that prediction tracings are still of value despite the poor accuracy in some cases. PMID- 3476700 TI - Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following use of succinylcholine and enflurane: report of a case. AB - A case of succinylcholine and enflurane induced rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric acute renal failure in a mentally retarded patient is presented. The report illustrates some principles of management and the correlation of laboratory findings with the syndrome. When using general anesthesia in mentally retarded patients it is recommended that: 1) a careful personal and family past anesthetic history be taken; 2) drugs and apparatus for treatment of the crisis be available before anesthesia is induced; 3) the use of succinylcholine and potent inhalation anesthetic agents be avoided; 4) there is early diagnosis by prompt recognition of the clinical signs; and 5) that body temperature monitoring and frequent observation of vital signs during and after an operation be carried out. PMID- 3476698 TI - Resorbable poly(L-lactide) plates and screws for the fixation of zygomatic fractures. AB - Ten patients with unstable zygomatic fractures were treated with resorbable poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) plates and screws. The results show that this method of fixation gives good stability over a sufficiently long period to enable undisturbed fracture healing. PMID- 3476701 TI - Resection of a mandibular myxoma via a sagittal ramus osteotomy. AB - A case of myxoma of the mandible is reported in which a sagittal ramus osteotomy was used to gain access to the lesion. This approach appears to have several advantages over more conventional exposures in selected cases. PMID- 3476702 TI - Malignant lymphoma arising in the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: report of cases. PMID- 3476703 TI - Massive granular cell ameloblastoma with metastasis: report of a case. AB - The case of a woman with a massive recurrent anterior mandibular ameloblastoma of 45 years' duration that showed metastasis is presented. The aggressive nature of the tumor, its management, and the eventual outcome are discussed. Ameloblastomas, particularly after their first recurrence, must be viewed as potentially life-threatening lesions. Adequate resection early in the onset of such tumors may result in more successful and predictable results. PMID- 3476704 TI - Bilateral fixation of a nasotracheal tube by transfacial Kirschner wires. AB - Because of the high margin for error with transfacial internal wire fixation, even in the hands of an experienced practitioner, alternative modalities in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures should be considered. When the use of transfacial rigid wire fixation is indicated, emphasis should be placed on prevention and early recognition of nasotracheal transfixation to avoid unnecessary postoperative catastrophies. PMID- 3476705 TI - False ankylosis from fusion of the styloid process to the mandible after orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3476707 TI - Oral Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3476706 TI - Extensive post-traumatic subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following a minor facial injury. PMID- 3476708 TI - Use of a new head holder for obtaining direct sagittal CT images of the TMJ. PMID- 3476709 TI - Technique of functional disc repositioning in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3476710 TI - The influence of sleep duration on headache pain and frontalis EMG. AB - Recent evidence has been presented suggesting that 'depression' headaches and classic migraines may be related to extended sleep duration. This analogue study was designed to evaluate the possibility that mild to moderate headaches induced by excessive sleep might be related to increased muscle activity. Eight subjects who experienced headaches as a function of increasing sleep duration by 2 h were evaluated in headache (i.e., extended sleep) and a non-headache (i.e., normal sleep) conditions. Sex- and sleep-duration matched controls were evaluated under the same sleep conditions, although none experienced headaches. Frontalis electromyographic (EMG) data were evaluated in a 2 X 2 analysis of variance. The results indicated no EMG differences between groups or across sleep conditions, even though all experimental subjects experienced headaches on the extended sleep night. Discussion focuses on the implication of these results for future headache research. PMID- 3476711 TI - Follow-up study of silent periods in complete denture wearers. AB - Electromyographic silent periods in response to chin taps during clench were recorded from the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles. Ten complete denture wearers were observed up to the 1-year stage of denture wear and eight patients up to the 2-year stage. Silent periods were also recorded from patients clenching on paper rolls in place of the dentures. Regarding the patterns of the silent periods, similar observations of double silent periods were made as in our previous study up to the half-year stage of denture wear (McCall, Tallgren & Ash, 1979). The frequency of the double silent periods was 13.8% at the 1-year stage and 7.3% at the 2-year stage. The mean duration of the silent periods did not differ significantly at the 1-year and 2-year stages. The mean silent period duration when clenching on paper rolls without dentures in the mouth was significantly shorter than when clenching with the dentures. PMID- 3476712 TI - Masticatory muscle activity as a function of parafunctional, active and passive oral behavioural patterns. AB - Oral behavioural patterns have received limited empirical support for their causal role in the development of head and facial pain. The present study was designed to assess electromyographic (EMG) variations in six muscle groups (i.e., bilateral masseter, temporalis and orbicularis oris) as a function of various oral behavioural patterns. A second purpose was to determine whether mandibular movement patterns and specific oral behaviours could be predicted by EMG patterns. Eleven non-pain subjects followed each of twenty oral behavioural patterns while EMG was recorded. Electromyographic change scores were computed for each behaviour relative to baseline measures. Initial analyses were performed using factorial repeated measures ANOVAS. Using post hoc analyses as general guides, specific EMG criteria were developed for classifying mandibular movements. For most subjects, EMG patterns accurately classified teeth clenching, protrusive/retrusive movements, right movements, left movements and lip movement patterns. Wide individual variations were found among muscle groups for identical behaviours. The association between particular oral behaviours and EMG patterns may explain 'sinus' headaches and certain types of facial pain. PMID- 3476714 TI - Digital phonoarthrometry of temporomandibular joint sounds: a preliminary report. AB - A new technique is presented for recording and evaluating the dysfunctional TMJ sounds on an objective basis. The physical implications related to TMJ phonoarthrometry (PAM) are discussed and three cases are presented. The phonoarthrography and the digital phonoarthrometry presented in this paper can be a useful harmless diagnostic tool. Differential diagnosis of TMJ pathology is possible on the basis of an acoustical analysis and it is hoped that future investigation will confirm these observations. PMID- 3476713 TI - Ability of edentulous human beings to adapt to changes in vertical dimension. AB - The ability of ten edentulous patients and one patient with a full upper removable denture and a full arch (16-26) lower fixed denture to adapt to sudden change of the interocclusal distance was tested. An upper acrylic bite splint was inserted which, on average, increased the vertical dimension of the face by approximately twice the mean interocclusal distance during relaxation. After this procedure all patients quickly acquired an unstrained new postural position of the mandible. Directly after insertion, when instructed to relax, all patients hit the lower surface of the splint. They seemed, however, to need only one such experience to adapt to the increased interocclusal distance. The second time they repeated the procedure none of them touched the splint. Instead a new postural position was established with a mean interocclusal distance of 3.3 mm. This fast re-programming of jaw muscle tonus and length is assumed to be a response to different peripheral receptor discharge converging to the cerebellum and other programming centres. The present study on edentulous patients shows that afferent discharge from periodontal receptors is not a necessary prerequisite. It also confirms that the old concept of consistency of the mandibular postural position (Thompson, 1946) is erroneous. PMID- 3476715 TI - Subjective need of removable denture treatment in Finnish adults. AB - The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical dental health, use of dental services and socio-economic factors correlating with the subjective need for removable dentures in Finnish adults aged 30 years and older. A total of 2528 persons who had lost one or more natural teeth (wisdom teeth excluded) and who had not been provided with any dentures, were selected for this study. Subjects who had subjective need for prosthetic treatment had statistically significantly fewer teeth and fewer fillings, and more decayed teeth than others. Irregular users of dental services felt the need for a prosthesis more often than did regular users of those services. Irregular brushing of teeth was also associated with a greater need for prosthetic treatment. Men, older individuals and persons with less education and a smaller family income felt the need for prosthetic treatment more often than women, younger individuals and better educated persons. The factors differentiating between the two groups with and without a subjective prosthetic treatment need were analysed by discriminant analysis. The best differentiating factors were frequency of dental visits, caries score, frequency of brushing teeth, family income, number of fillings and sex. PMID- 3476716 TI - Within-mouth correlations and reliabilities for probing depth and attachment level. AB - Replicate measurements of probing depth and attachment level were made by three examiners on the six Ramfjord teeth of 34 patients. Within-mouth correlations were high for single measurements, and yet higher for means across replicate measurements. Inter- and intra-examiner variability were both found to be low relative to between-patient variability. Conclusions are that the low within mouth correlations reported by others may be the result of poor reliability, and that it is inappropriate to take the individual site as the unit of statistical analysis in clinical studies of periodontitis. PMID- 3476717 TI - Rate of removal of root structure by the use of the Prophy-Jet device. AB - The effects of a constant blast from the Prophy-Jet directed at enamel, dentin, and cementum over 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50- and 60-second periods were evaluated to determine what effects the spray had on tooth structure. There was no visible effect on enamel when the spray was directed at the surface for as long as 60 seconds. It was shown, however, that as little as 5 seconds of continuous spray caused a substantial loss of structure when the spray was directed at dentin and cementum. This structural loss was linearly related to the amount of time the area was subjected to the spray. Substitution of flour of pumice for the Prophy-Jet powder resulted in approximately the same rate of loss of root structure. The results suggest that the manufacturers should provide more explicit warnings regarding the abrasiveness of the device on exposed dentin and cementum areas. PMID- 3476718 TI - Efficacy of strontium chloride in dental hypersensitivity. AB - Controlled stimuli were used to evaluate a commercially available dentifrice containing 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate for efficacy in alleviating the symptoms of uncomplicated dentinal hypersensitivity. Sixty-one subjects with hypersensitivity were included in the 12-week, double-blind, parallel, comparative (placebo) study. Levels of hypersensitivity in affected teeth were assessed by three methods: thermally controlled cold air stimulus, tactile stimulus with an electronic pressure sensitive probe, and subjective response. The results from all three methods of assessment indicated that the strontium chloride dentifrice, in comparison with a placebo, reduced dentinal hypersensitivity to a significantly greater degree. This therapeutic response to the active agent was apparent within 2 weeks and increased continuously thereafter for the length of the study. One can conclude that the regular at-home use of a dentifrice containing 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate is an effective means for reducing the discomfort and pain engendered by thermal and tactile stimuli in patients with dentinal hypersensitivity. PMID- 3476719 TI - The effect of storage media on the proliferation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. AB - The effect of storage media, which are routinely used in replantation, upon the proliferative capacity of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, was compared with the effect of a tissue culture medium. The periodontal tissue was obtained from mandibular central incisors of White New Zealand rabbits. The experiments were performed in fibroblasts derived during second subculture. The storage media were physiologic salt solution, Ringer's solution and Rivanol; the tissue culture medium was alpha-minimum essential medium without nucleosides. The incubation period was 1 hour. [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell counts were taken to indicate changes in the proliferative capacity of the fibroblasts. The tissue culture experiments showed that the proliferative ability of the periodontal ligament fibroblasts was dependent upon the composition of the storage medium. Physiologic salt solution, Ringer's solution and Rivanol were unable to maintain the metabolism of the fibroblasts. alpha-MEM medium, however, was capable of stimulating proliferation of the periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PMID- 3476720 TI - Rapid loss of alveolar bone associated with nonprecious alloy crowns in two patients with nickel hypersensitivity. AB - In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the use of nonprecious alloy and porcelain crowns in clinical dentistry. The alloy in these restorations frequently contains a high percentage (greater than 70%) of nickel. Most cases of metal hypersensitivity are related to nickel, and clinical manifestations of the hypersensitivity are the result of a cellular (T lymphocyte) immune response. In this report, we review the cases of two women who demonstrated significant loss of alveolar bone about nickel-rich nonprecious alloy and porcelain crowns. The loss of alveolar bone occurred within 18 months after placement of the restorations. Both individuals displayed a positive patch test to a nickel preparation. These findings suggest that a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction may have accounted for the rapid loss of alveolar bone. Though the majority of individuals treated with nonprecious alloy and porcelain crowns apparently tolerate these restorations quite well, greater care is urged in case selection. PMID- 3476721 TI - Periodontal regeneration via selective cell repopulation. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the histogenesis of periodontal regeneration using the principle of selective and guided cell repopulation of the root surface. A fenestration model, developed in the squirrel monkey, made it possible to exclude gingival epithelium and connective tissue and promote cell repopulation of the denuded root surface from the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Experimental and sham-operated control sites were compared histometrically after 3, 7, 14 and 35 days of healing. The results indicated that new cementum, bone and periodontal ligament formation occurred by the 14th day and that regeneration of the fenestration wound was almost complete by Day 35. Root resorption and ankylosis were observed in both experimental and sham-operated controls. There was significantly more periodontal regeneration in the experimental sites, which favored cell repopulation of the root surface from the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. PMID- 3476722 TI - Recurrent periodontal disease and bacterial presence in the gingiva. AB - Previous investigations have shown that, in biopsies taken from untreated sites of periodontitis, bacteria were present between the epithelial cells and within the connective tissue. In the present study we have examined Gram-stained sections of diseased gingival sites where the disease had recurred after surgical periodontal treatment. The six subjects chosen for the study were patients who had undergone surgical therapy for the treatment of periodontitis and who, upon subsequent recall visits, showed evidence of at least one site recurrent after treatment as detected by bleeding on probing and increased pocket depth of 5 mm or more. A normal control site from the same patient was chosen, preferably contralaterally, showing positive response to treatment with no signs of disease. Sections were stained with either hematoxylin and eosin for tissue survey or Gram for assessment of bacteria and examined by light microscopy. In many specimens, the bacterial nature of Gram-stained material was substantiated. Preliminary results showed a significantly increased number of bacteria in the refractory sites when compared with control sites which responded positively to treatment. The results of this investigation provided further evidence that bacterial presence inside the periodontal tissue may be an important pathogenic factor in periodontal disease. PMID- 3476723 TI - Periodontium destruction associated with oncology therapy. Five case reports. AB - Radiation treatment to the head and neck and cytotoxic chemotherapy can produce deleterious side effects to the periodontium that are generally transient in nature, reversible, and do not result in permanently visible defects. However, combinations of the malignant disease itself, the direct and indirect effects of medical therapy and associated oral infections, along with local trauma can lead to periodontal tissue destruction with resulting permanent architectural defects. Five case reports illustrate destructive alterations of the periodontium that were associated with oncology therapy. Proposed guidelines for periodontal treatment of compromised individuals undergoing oncology therapies are suggested. PMID- 3476724 TI - Prevalence of medical problems in periodontal patients obtained from three different populations. AB - Data from three different sources of periodontal patients were collected and examined to find if there was a significant difference between these groups relative to the prevalence of medical problems. Data were evaluated to show if age and sex were significantly related to the existence of medical problems and to determine which problems were the most prevalent. A total of 581 periodontal patients' records were obtained. Results of the evaluation showed that the private office group had 27.6% medical problems, the academic dental center had 46.3%, and the hospital dental clinic had 74.1%. Cardiovascular disease was the most prevalent medical problem in all groups and orthopedic disease or injury was second. Within each group, sex was not significantly related to the presence of a medical problem. Age was a highly significant factor, with the prevalence of medical problems increasing with advancing age. PMID- 3476725 TI - Polishing dental amalgam restorations. PMID- 3476726 TI - A modified incremental filling technique for Class II composite restorations. PMID- 3476727 TI - Occlusal force pattern during mastication in dentitions with mandibular fixed partial dentures supported on osseointegrated implants. AB - The occlusal force pattern during chewing and biting was studied in eight edentulous patients whose dentitions had been restored with mandibular bilateral posterior two-unit cantilever fixed prostheses supported on osseointegrated titanium fixtures and occluding with complete maxillary dentures. The chewing pattern was comparable to that reported for subjects with complete healthy dentitions or with tooth-supported cross-arch fixed partial dentures. However, during chewing and swallowing the voluntary capacity of the jaw-closing muscles was used to a much greater extent. Contrary to reports for cantilevers in tooth supported cross-arch unilateral posterior two-unit cantilever fixed partial dentures occluding with natural teeth, the posterior cantilever segments in the present fixture-supported cantilever prostheses occluding with complete dentures regularly exhibited the largest local forces. Despite this, material failures of this type of fixed prostheses are rare, as demonstrated in long-term follow-up studies. PMID- 3476728 TI - Palatal lift prostheses for edentulous patients. AB - A palatal lift prosthesis technique for edentulous patients has been described. A movable palatopharyngeal section that elevates the soft palate by the force of orthodontic wires was designed. The prosthesis with the movable palatopharyngeal section improved both speech and swallowing. This method may be useful for some edentulous patients with hypernasal speech. PMID- 3476729 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint. Part II: Comparison with laminographic, autopsy, and histologic findings. PMID- 3476730 TI - Head angulation and variations in the maxillomandibular relationship. Part II: The effects on facial contour and lip support. AB - Twelve edentulous patients were evaluated for changes in facial contour and lip support when the head was progressively tilted backward. The mandibular facial contour changes did not occur in a progressive cause and effect type of relationship. A trend pattern could not be discerned. The maxillary facial contour did have a significant progressive cause and effect relationship in two of the 12 patients and was a positive relationship. As the angles were increased, the displacement of the maxillary facial contour increased anteriorly. The question as to why the maxillary facial contour had a significant progressive cause-and-effect relationship in two of the 12 patients and the mandibular facial contour did not remain unresolved. In a practical sense, it seems reasonable to establish the maxillomandibular relationship with the patient in a comfortable position. This and the ease of recording by the dentist are the primary considerations. PMID- 3476731 TI - The craniomandibular index: validity. AB - The CMI appears to be valid for use in clinical studies, but users must be aware of its numerous potential errors and its associated strict methodologic guidelines to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of results. The subjective nature of some items demands that the same rater who is unaware of the management status of the patient perform both evaluations. If multiple raters are used, it is recommended that the raters discuss all items, and compare scoring of demonstration subjects before the study and use a pressure algometer for muscle palpation. PMID- 3476732 TI - Determination of vertical dimension of rest. A comparative study. AB - The present study was undertaken to compare the VDR determined by conventional methods and EMG with biofeedback. Twenty dentulous and 20 edentulous subjects were included in the study. The VDR was determined by conventional methods using phonetic and swallowing methods. The masseter and anterior belly of the digastric muscles were used to determine the VDR by EMG with biofeedback. VDR was determined by dentulous and edentulous subjects by conventional and electromyographic methods. In edentulous subjects the VDR relation was determined by both methods with and without dentures in the mouth. All results were subjected to statistical analysis. The following conclusions are drawn from the study: The VDR as determined by both methods was similar in dentulous subjects. In edentulous subjects the difference in the VDR with and without dentures in the mouth was not statistically significant in both methods. In edentulous subjects the VDR increased in most subjects with the insertion of dentures and decreased in the remaining few subjects by either method. The difference between the VDR determined by conventional and electromyographic methods in edentulous subjects with dentures was not significant, but without dentures the difference was statistically significant. The comparison between the two methods of determining the VDR in dentulous and edentulous subjects with or without dentures in the mouth showed that VDR determined with dentures was closer to that of dentulous subjects than without dentures. It was concluded by the authors that the determination of VDR by either conventional or electromyographic methods with dentures was more accurate than determining the VDR without dentures. PMID- 3476733 TI - Patient remount of an occlusal splint. PMID- 3476734 TI - Marking dentures for identification. PMID- 3476735 TI - A simplified method of rubber dam placement. PMID- 3476737 TI - Influence of burnishing on amalgam adaptation to cavity walls. PMID- 3476736 TI - Marginal fit of cast gold MO inlays from disinfected elastomeric impressions. PMID- 3476738 TI - Use of anterior teeth measurements in determining occlusal vertical dimension. AB - Impressions were made from the anterior segment of the mouth in 25 subjects with their teeth in centric occlusion. Measurements were made on each impression to determine the relation of the maxillary and mandibular vestibular folds and of the anterior teeth to the maxillary and mandibular mucolabial reflections. The mean distance between the depth of the mucolabial reflections in the canine region was 36.70 mm for the right side and 36.94 mm for the left side. The mean distances for the right and left central incisor regions were 34.20 mm and 34.06 mm. The variations in the measurements of different teeth confirmed the anatomic individuality of each patient. Nevertheless, the findings of this study will be helpful as guides in the initial placement of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and in the initial determination of the vertical dimension of occlusion. PMID- 3476739 TI - Selective-pressure impression technique for nasal prostheses. AB - An impression technique for nasal prostheses that places pressure in the superior regions of the nasolabial sulci is described. The pressure is delivered through a U-shaped frame embedded within the impression. Better adaptation and camouflage of the finished prosthesis is achieved and the improved esthetics enhances the confidence of the patient using a nasal prosthesis. PMID- 3476740 TI - Urethane-lined silicone facial prostheses. AB - After testing a variety of materials to line the tissue-fitting surface of silicone prostheses in an attempt to render them adheophilic, tear-resistant, wettable, smooth, and resistant to fungal growth, a vacuum adaptable thermoplastic prefabricated thin urethane film was found to be most effective. A technique is described for fabricating a silicone prosthesis with such a lining. PMID- 3476741 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint. Part III: Use of a cephalostat for clinical imaging. PMID- 3476742 TI - Indications for computerized tomography in the assessment and therapy of commonly misdiagnosed internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3476743 TI - Quantitative electromyographic response to therapy for myo-oral facial pain: a pilot study. AB - In this pilot report, four of the five patients in the myofascial pain dysfunction group reported subjective improvement after 6 weeks of therapy, concomitant with a statistically significant decrease in integrated EMG Hz values in the clenched jaw position. Our results agree with those of other investigators who demonstrated a positive contribution by masticatory EMG data to confirm and quantify objectively the subjective symptoms. PMID- 3476744 TI - Longitudinal variation of maximal mandibular mobility: an intraindividual study. PMID- 3476745 TI - Fabrication of a semirigid custom cementation aid. AB - This technique for fabrication of a semirigid custom cementation aid is quick, fairly simple, and the device is easy to use. Patients have reported no discomfort when this device has been used, and accepted clinical measurement standards indicate that this device performs effectively. PMID- 3476747 TI - The influence of anterior coupling on mandibular movement. PMID- 3476746 TI - A hygienic acid-etch splint to prevent extrusion. PMID- 3476748 TI - Reproduction in domestic ruminants. Proceedings of the second international symposium. Ithaca, New York, U.S.A., 8-11 July 1987. PMID- 3476749 TI - Expression of the genes encoding bovine LH in a line of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Synthesis of biologically active LH is complex, due in part to its heterodimeric subunit structure and to the numerous post-translation modifications of each subunit. Through the use of mammalian expression vectors we have been able to introduce the bovine alpha subunit and LH-beta genes into a Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in dihydrofolate reductase. The bovine genes are actively expressed and the Chinese hamster ovary cells secrete biologically active LH. The expression vector containing the bovine alpha subunit gene also contains a modified mouse gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase, permitting the use of methotrexate to amplify selectively the bovine alpha subunit gene after its integration into the genome of the Chinese hamster cells. This provides a novel means for assessing the importance of alpha subunit concentration with respect to assembly of the heterodimer. In addition, methotrexate selection leads to the over-production of LH (10 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 h). Finally, because the bovine LH produced in the Chinese hamster ovary cells is glycosylated, this transfection system can be used in conjunction with in-vitro mutagenesis to determine whether site-specific changes in glycosylation have an effect on subunit assembly and biological activity. This transfection approach therefore offers multiple avenues to explore further the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex biosynthetic pathway of bovine LH. PMID- 3476750 TI - Molecular and cellular changes associated with maturation and early development of sheep eggs. PMID- 3476752 TI - Pain perception and personality measures as discriminators in the classification of fibrositis. AB - Twenty patients with fibrositis were compared to age and sex matched groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal controls regarding personality variables measured by the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) and responsiveness to experimentally induced pain. The group with fibrositis scored significantly higher than the normal group on 4 of the BPI scales and had lower pain threshold and tolerance than the normal group. The group with RA was found to be significantly different from the normal group on hypochondriasis and pain tolerance. Using only pain and personality measures, a statistical discriminant function that was developed resulted in a 72% classification accuracy for the 3 groups studied and 85% accuracy when only the 2 clinical groups were considered. PMID- 3476751 TI - Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): clinical, genetic, and serologic subsets. AB - Immunogenetic markers, autoantibodies, and clinical features were studied in 47 patients, 35 Caucasian and 12 black, with systemic sclerosis. Twenty-two had generalized scleroderma, while 25 had limited skin involvement. HLA-DR1 (RR = 2.1, p = 0.08) and DR5 (RR = 2.1, p = 0.08) were increased in Caucasian patients vs controls as was the supertypic specificity HLA-DRw52 (RR = 2.8, p = 0.02, pc = 0.04). HLA-DR6.1 was increased in black patients vs controls (RR = 15.4, p = 0.008, pc = 0.088). There were no significant increases in any of the complement allotypes in either racial group. Anticentromere antibody was noted in 10 patients, all Caucasian; 7 had limited disease. Anti-Scl-70 was noted in 4 patients; all had generalized disease (p = 0.036). HLA-DR2 was present in all anti-Scl-70 positive patients (RR = 22.5, p = 0.006). Our results suggest that clinical subsets of systemic sclerosis can be defined by genetic and serological markers. PMID- 3476753 TI - Complementation with HLA-A and HLA-D locus alleles in ankylosing spondylitis with peripheral arthritis. PMID- 3476754 TI - Synthesis and biological properties of actinomycin D chromophoric analogues substituted at the 7-carbon with aziridine and aminopropoxy functions. AB - The growing importance of functionalized aziridines in numerous organic biomolecules led us to develop syntheses of novel actinomycin D (AMD) analogues substituted with an aziridine. Reaction of 7-hydroxyactinomycin D with 2 (iodomethyl)aziridine produced the desired 7-(2-aziridinylmethoxy)actinomycin analogue. In an attempt to develop an alternate route to this analogue, 7-(2 azido-3-iodopropoxy)actinomycin was subjected to reduction with dimethylamine borane complex; the reaction did not produce the three-membered aziridine; instead the reaction product was found to be linear 7-(2-aminopropoxy)actinomycin D. Calf-thymus-DNA binding of these analogues was comparable to that of AMD as examined by UV-visible difference spectral measurements, thermal denaturation of DNA, and CD techniques. The analogues were found to be about 1/4 to 1/30 as cytotoxic to human lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia and B16 melanoma cells in vitro as AMD. PMID- 3476755 TI - Stimulated synthesis of prostaglandin E2 or leukotrien C4 from myocardial cells is not a cause but a result of their injury under hypoxia. AB - Cardiac muscle cell injury may be related to metabolic changes associated with a rise in intracellular calcium. The mechanisms by which an elevated Ca2+ can cause injury are uncertain, but injury could occur by activation of any one or several calcium-dependent processes. To examine whether the process is mediated by prostaglandins (PG) or leukotriens (LT), we measured the successive release of creatine kinase (CK), PGE2 and LTC4 that have been reported to induce the cell injury via the arachidonic acid cascade, to the culture medium from myocardial cells under hypoxic or aerobic conditions. CK release, a biochemical marker of muscle cell necrosis, was first detected in the medium of hypoxic cultures at 9 h. Both PGE2 and LTC4 production and release were delayed, being first detected at 12 h after initiating hypoxia treatment. Addition of exogenous PGE2 or LTC4 to the culture medium (1.0 or 10 ng/ml) did not cause any effect on the CK release under aerobic condition. Cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (1 X 10(-5) M) or lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861 (1 X 10(-5) M), reduced the synthesis of PGE2 by 80% or LTC4 by 68% under hypoxia, respectively, but caused no beneficial effect on the CK release. These findings suggest that cardiac muscle cells themselves produce PGE2 and LTC4 after hypoxia and that the production of these compounds merely occurs as a result, but not as a cause of cell injury. PMID- 3476757 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings. PMID- 3476756 TI - Transport of infectious reovirus into bile: class II major histocompatibility antigen-bearing cells determine reovirus transport. AB - We have previously demonstrated that mammalian reovirus type 1 enters the bile and gut lumen after systemic administration. In the present study, we showed that Kupffer cell uptake is essential for the transport of reovirus into the bile. Furthermore, class II major histocompatibility antigen (I-A)-bearing cells are a major determinant for the transit of reovirus from the hepatic environment, as well as from the intestine, during the course of systemic infection. These findings may provide an approach to the control of viral pathogens that cause systemic disease by selective utilization or modification of I-A-bearing cells. PMID- 3476758 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings. PMID- 3476760 TI - Bulimia vs bulimic behaviors on a college campus. AB - A self-report survey of bulimic behaviors was conducted with 1965 students who were selected to provide a cross section of a large, eastern university. Follow up interviews of a subsample of respondents were conducted to validate the survey. After correcting for false-positive responses, only 1.3% of the female and 0.1% of the male respondents met diagnostic criteria for bulimia according to either the third edition or the proposed revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In addition, an inflection point was found in the rates of binge eating, self-induced vomiting, and their combination at a frequency of about twice per month. PMID- 3476761 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus antigenemia. PMID- 3476759 TI - Compulsory premarital screening for the human immunodeficiency virus. Technical and public health considerations. AB - The effectiveness of a mandatory premarital screening program was examined as a means of curtailing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States. The epidemiology of the HIV, the technical characteristics of tests for antibodies to HIV, and the logistic, economic, and legal implications of such a program were considered. In one year, universal premarital screening in the United States currently would detect fewer than one tenth of 1% of HIV-infected individuals at a cost of substantially more than +100 million. More than 100 infected individuals would be told that they were probably not infected, and there would likely be more than 350 false-positive results. Public education, counseling of individuals, and discretionary testing can be important tools in reducing the spread of HIV infection, but mandatory premarital screening in a population with a low prevalence of infection is a relatively ineffective and inefficient use of resources. PMID- 3476763 TI - [Effect of cefmetazole on infections accompanying granulocytopenia in hematological disorders: a cooperative study]. PMID- 3476762 TI - [Serial changes in serum CA 19-9 levels in pancreatic cancer]. AB - Levels of a new carbohydrate antigen CA 19-9, which is a monosialoganglioside identified by a monoclonal antibody, were measured in 41 patients with pancreatic cancer and these serial changes were investigated. To provide a contrast, the serum CEA levels were compared with the serum CA 19-9 levels. As the result of this study, it was found that the serial changes of the serum levels of CA 19-9 were more correlative to the clinical course of these patients with pancreatic cancer than those of the serum CEA levels. PMID- 3476766 TI - [Successful treatment with low-dose Ara-C in a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3476764 TI - [Treatment of hypoplastic leukemia--clinical effects of low-dose 4N-behenoyl-beta D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC) therapy]. PMID- 3476765 TI - [Tumor lysis syndrome, DIC and interstitial pneumonia after treatment with prednisolone and melphalan in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia with tumor formation]. PMID- 3476767 TI - [Coexistence of acute leukemia and gastric cancer in advanced ages]. PMID- 3476769 TI - [Pleural and pericardial effusion in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3476771 TI - [Erythroblasts of erythroleukemia]. PMID- 3476768 TI - [Cerebellar infarction following remission induction therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3476772 TI - [Ultrastructural features of a human erythroid cell line (YN-1)]. PMID- 3476770 TI - [Double minute chromosomes in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2:FAB classification)]. PMID- 3476773 TI - [Studies on the initial features and prognosis in 21 infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group]. PMID- 3476774 TI - [Translocation (8;14)(q24;q32) in ALL(L3) with bladder invasion]. PMID- 3476775 TI - [A case of acute biphenotypic leukemia]. PMID- 3476776 TI - An adult case of adrenoleukodystrophy with features of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy: I. Clinical and pathological studies. AB - A male patient was suspected as olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy from the clinical and computed tomographic features at 34 years of age. Afterwards, his dysarthria and limb ataxia were slowly and steadily worsened. He was finally bed-ridden and unresponsive, and died of hyperpyrexia and general wasting at 37 years of age. It was noted that laboratory investigation gave lower values of urinary 17 ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in comparison with those of normal subjects. Pathological investigation in autopsy showed that he had pathological features consistent with adrenoleukodystrophy accompanying the olivo-ponto cerebellar atrophy; diffuse demyelination in the cerebrocerebellear white matter, distorted architecture and cytoplasmic striations in the adrenal cortex, and in addition, a pseudosystemic degeneration of the olivo-ponto-cerebellar system and subcortical gray matter. PMID- 3476778 TI - [Influences of aging on clinical pictures of hematological diseases: hypoplastic leukemia in the aged]. PMID- 3476777 TI - An adult case of adrenoleukodystrophy with features of olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy: II. Lipid biochemical studies. AB - Different portions with or without demyelination or degeneration of formalin fixed brain tissues of a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy and a control subject were applied to analyses of lipids, particularly sphingolipids and cholesteryl ester. Demyelinated area of the white matter in the occipital lobe showed marked decrease in cerebroside and sulfatide except for sphingomyelin and, conversely an accumulation of cholesteryl ester, whereas un-demyelinated white matter in the frontal lobe showed no abnormalities in lipids. Abnormalities of lipids in degenerated lateral nuclei of the thalamus were not so remarkable as the demyelinated white matter, whereas apparently normal dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus showed no abnormalities in lipids. With regard to the fatty acid composition of abnormal lipids in the demyelinated white matter, all sphingolipids of cerebroside, sulfatide, and sphingomyelin showed remarkable reduction of their longer chain fatty acids and, conversely a significant increment of shorter chain fatty acids. However, these fatty acids in the degenerated lateral nuclei of the thalamus were not so different from those in the undemyelinated and apparently normal areas as well as in control brain. The fatty acids of cholesteryl ester contained mainly C18:1 and C16 acids, and very long chain fatty acids, namely fatty acids with chain length more than 22 carbons, by about 22% of the total fatty acids. In view of the analytical results of the fatty acid composition of brain lipids, it was inconceivable that this ALD patient brain showed especially the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids, and that the biochemical defect in this disease was related to the abnormal oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in peroxisomes. However, the neuropathological findings of demyelination, reactive astrocytosis, and massive infiltration of foam cells well correlated with the abnormalities in myelin lipids and the accumulation of cholesteryl ester. Also, the lower values of urinary 17-ketosteroid and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid suggested that the failure of ACTH to stimulate corticoid secretion seemed to indicate the relationship between the adrenocortical insufficiency and the affected areas of the central nervous system. PMID- 3476779 TI - [Technics in communication with patients using an artificial respirator--nursing innovation in two clinical cases]. PMID- 3476780 TI - [Nursing of a patient with bronchial asthma during acute respiratory insufficiency--wtih special reference to during, before, and after the use of an artificial respiratory]. PMID- 3476781 TI - Splenic rupture in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. AB - A 43-year-old man with pancytopenia and circulating blast cells was found to have acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Bone marrow biopsy disclosed reticulin fibrosis with infiltration of blast cells. Cytogenic study showed 48,XY,+15,+18. The megakaryocytic origin of blast cells was confirmed by platelet peroxidase reaction at ultrastructural level. The spleen which had not been felt on admission increased in size rapidly and ruptured abruptly. This appears to be the first reported case of a splenic rupture associated with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3476782 TI - Lymphangiomyomatosis associated with chylous ascites and high serum CA-125 levels: a case report. AB - A case of lymphangiomyomatosis with marked chylous ascites and persistently elevated CA-125 levels is presented. A 30-year-old woman revealed milky urine, milky ascites and exertional dyspnea about one year after the normal delivery of her second child. The lungs showed bilateral diffuse reticular shadows. No pleural effusion was observed. Pulmonary function tests revealed hypoxemia and obstructive changes of the respiratory tract. The levels of CA-125 in blood and ascites were continuously more than 200 U/ml. The inguinal lymph node biopsy and open lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lymphangiomyomatosis. The patient was first treated with progesterone without effect. Oophorectomy was then performed, resulting in the improvement of respiratory distress, although ascites continued. With addition of Le Veen's peritoneojugular shunt the patient improved with reduction of ascites. PMID- 3476783 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human lung carcinomas defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections from 56 cases of human lung carcinoma were tested for reactivity by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique with a monoclonal antibody (MAb 528) specific for the external domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). MAb 528 reacted with all epidermoid (22/22) and large cell (4/4) lung carcinomas evaluated. The antibody was also positive with a subset of lung adenocarcinomas (13/21) and did not react with small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) (0/9). MAb 528 also stained normal bronchial epithelium identified within the tumor sections of 5 cases. Thus EGFR was expressed by all epidermoid and large-cell lung carcinomas examined, a subset of lung adenocarcinomas, and normal bronchial epithelium. EGFR expression was not identified in any of the SCLCs tested. These data imply that immunohistochemical detection of EGFR expression may find future application in distinguishing epidermoid, large-cell, and some adenocarcinomas of the lung from SCLCs. PMID- 3476784 TI - Feasibility study of a head and neck (upper aero-digestive tract) cancer examination. AB - Nearly all of the requirements for a cancer screening program can be met for head and neck--upper aero-digestive tract (UADT)--cancers. These UADT squamous cancers have a clearly definable high-risk group (smokers, greater than or equal to 40 yr), known etiology (tobacco and alcohol), identifiable premalignant lesions, a high prevalence rate worldwide, and high curability with "early" diagnosis. However, a need exists for an efficient detection examination suitable for physicians and dentists alike. Such an examination was designed and field tested as a feasibility study. The examination consisted of a six-step, dentist oriented, site-targeted, 10-minute procedure, including the use of a fiberoptic pharyngoscope. Two practicing dentists were instructed in the procedure and used it on a randomly selected, high-risk Health America, Inc.--Park DuValle Community Health Center population, who were voluntary responders to a questionnaire and a phone call. Analysis of results showed easy and reproducible teachability, a high degree of acceptance by dentists and examinees, accuracy, and low cost. Associated findings were the following: Of 6,206 respondents, ages 40 and over, 27% were current smokers; 29% were ex-smokers; and 33% never smoked. Of invited current and ex-smokers, ages 40 and over, 51% appeared for a single examination. Compliance emerged as the major problem. The feasibility demonstrated in this study appears to justify a larger, controlled investigation. PMID- 3476785 TI - Spatial distribution of disease: three case studies. AB - Maps transformed so as to have constant density of residential population were used to analyze the spatial distribution of disease in three specific areas. Each area had received recent attention because of suspected environmental pollution. The area adjacent to the Rocky Flats Facility (CO) was examined to identify any association between possible plutonium releases and increases in lung cancer or leukemia incidence. The industrial area of northern Contra Costa County (CA) was studied to explore a relationship between petrochemical industrial emissions and histologic-specific lung cancers. Finally, a suspected increase in the risk of congenital cardiac defects possibly related to pollution of the Santa Clara County (CA) water supply was investigated. No evidence of elevated risk of disease was found to be associated with either the Rocky Flats Facility or the polluted water of Santa Clara County. An increase in lung cancer, found by other investigators in earlier years, was shown to persist in association with industrial emissions in Contra Costa County. PMID- 3476786 TI - Case-control study on histologically determined multiple primary lung cancer. AB - Between 1965 and 1985, 72 (64 male and 8 female) cases of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, were reviewed, and a retrospective hospital-based case-control study was performed with special reference to the patients' smoking and family histories. Control cases were selected from patients with unicentric lung cancer (ULC) with a longer survival time than that for other patients with whom they were matched for age, sex, histologic examination of primary lung cancer, and residence in prefecture. The overall percentage of MPLC was higher in males (3.1%) than in females (1.8%). Of the total number of cases, 46 were synchronous and 26, metachronous. The same histology was recognized in 38 cases (53%), and squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 65% of MPLC cases, all of whom were smokers. At least half of the MPLC found in nonsmokers were adenocarcinomas. Habitual smokers, with a Brinkman index (BI) of more than 50, accounted for 90% of all cases of MPLC, although 81% of the controls were also habitual smokers. A positive relationship dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked was observed between the BI of smokers and the proportion suffering MPLC. There was a family history of cancer in 47% of MPLC cases while, for controls, this figure was 40%. It was found that 67% of patients with MPLC and 61% with ULC were drinkers. The influence of cigarette smoking on MPLC was confirmed, especially in the cases of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. PMID- 3476787 TI - Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and the risk of cancer: a prospective study. AB - A cohort of 10,473 residents of Leisure World, Laguna Hills, CA, who were initially free of cancer were followed from 1981 to 1986. A health survey questionnaire completed by all cohort members included usual frequencies of consumption of certain food items, including vegetables, fruits, dairy products, liver, and cereal, as well as specific information on brand and formulation of vitamin supplements containing vitamins A, C, or E. Pathologic diagnosis of incident cancer was confirmed in 643 persons (56 lung, 110 colon, 59 bladder, 93 prostate, 123 female breast, and 202 cancers of other sites). Our study found little indication that increased intake of vitamin A or beta-carotene from the diet or supplements protects against the development of cancer overall. Dietary vitamin A intake was highly associated with smoking status; 25% of current smokers were in the highest third of dietary vitamin A consumption versus 32% of past smokers and 36% of never-smokers. In males who never smoked there was some indication that cancer rates decreased with increasing vitamin A intake, but the results were not statistically significant. PMID- 3476788 TI - Survival of American Indian and Hispanic cancer patients in New Mexico and Arizona, 1969-82. AB - Survival was examined by ethnic group for 31,465 incident cancer cases diagnosed from 1969 through 1982 in Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites residing in New Mexico and in American Indians residing in New Mexico and Arizona. In comparison with the 1- and 5-year survival rates following the diagnosis of cancer for non Hispanic whites, those for American Indians were generally poorer and, to a lesser extent, those for Hispanics were also poorer. The American Indian and Hispanic patients tended to have more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, although this pattern was not consistent across all sites. For many primary cancer sites, American Indian patients were less likely to receive treatment for their cancer than were non-Hispanic whites. Hispanics were also less likely to be treated for cancers of some sites, although the differences were not as large as for American Indians. However, after adjustment for stage and treatment, American Indians demonstrated significantly poorer survival than non-Hispanic whites for cancers of many sites. After adjustment for stage and treatment, survival in Hispanics was generally comparable to that in non-Hispanic whites. PMID- 3476789 TI - Dietary fat and breast cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. AB - The relationship between dietary fat intake and breast cancer incidence was examined in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. This cohort is derived from adults (greater than or equal to 25 yr) examined in the NHANES I (1970-75) cross-sectional survey of the U.S. population and provides a mean follow-up time of 10 years. An analytic sample of 5,485 women, including 99 breast cancer cases (34 premenopausal and 65 postmenopausal at NHANES I baseline), was examined for associations with dietary intake of fat, percent energy from fat, total energy, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and cholesterol on the basis of a 24-hour recall administered at the baseline NHANES I examination. No significant differences in dietary fat intake between cases and noncases were evident when mean intakes for each group were compared. For total fat (g) and saturated fat (g), a significant inverse association was indicated in proportional hazards analyses. Adjustment of fat for total energy intake resulted in a smaller effect that was no longer statistically significant. Adjustment for accepted breast cancer risk factors did not change these findings. This prospective study of a sample from the U.S. population does not support the hypothesis that high dietary fat intake increases breast cancer risk. Indeed, some lower risk associated with high fat intake may be indicated, although this result may be influenced by methodologic problems with the dietary assessment. PMID- 3476790 TI - Critical appraisal of the evidence that dietary fat intake is related to breast cancer risk in humans. AB - A critical appraisal was undertaken of the evidence that dietary fat intake is related to breast cancer risk by application of the criteria for causal inference proposed by Bradford Hill to the published evidence that relates dietary fat to breast cancer risk in humans. These criteria concern the consistency, strength, and temporal relationships of possible causative associations and also require the existence of a biologic gradient and examine the extent to which the proposed causal association is in keeping with other biological and epidemiological knowledge. The published reports were inconsistent in their ability to detect a significant association between dietary fat and breast cancer risk, correlation studies that examined the effect of fat over large ranges being largely positive, and studies with stronger designs (case-control, cohort) that examined fat intake over much smaller ranges being largely negative. It was postulated that methodologic limitations associated with the design of the latter studies, in particular the small ranges of fat intake examined and inaccuracies in the measurement of fat intake, may have obscured any relationships between dietary fat and breast cancer that did exist. The remaining criteria, with the exception of temporality and epidemiological coherence, were not satisfied. Insufficient evidence existed to conclude a causal association existed between dietary fat and breast cancer risk in humans. A need for further study was identified in several areas, and it was concluded that intervention studies that examined the effect of fat over large ranges were most likely to yield the information required to determine whether dietary fat intake was causally related to breast cancer risk. PMID- 3476791 TI - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced nuclear aberrations in A/J and C57BL/6J mouse colonic crypts. AB - A single exposure to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [(DMH) CAS: 540-73-8] produces several forms of aberrant nuclei in the crypts of the murine colon. The frequency of nuclear aberrations (NAs) was examined in the distal colonic crypts in DMH sensitive A/J mice and relatively DMH-resistant C57BL/6J mice before and after a single exposure to DMH. NAs, mitotic figures, and crypt column heights were scored for all animals as a function of time following administration of DMH. In both strains there was a significant increase in the absolute and relative frequency of NAs by 12 hours, with a corresponding drop and subsequent overshoot in the mitotic index by 48 hours after DMH. The temporal changes in crypt column height correlate closely with the temporal changes in frequency of NAs in both strains. The results showed that both inbred strains respond to acute DMH exposure in a similar and parallel fashion over time. It was concluded that the NA index assay is a sensitive method for detecting early DMH exposure. However, this assay does not relate to ultimate outcome after chronic DMH exposure and should not be used as a predictor of eventual neoplastic transformation of colonic mucosa with this carcinogen. PMID- 3476792 TI - Potentiation of antitumor activity of vincristine by the biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine. AB - A membrane stabilizer, the biscoclaurine alkaloid cepharanthine markedly enhanced the cytotoxicity of vincristine (VCR) and adriamycin in cultured L1210 cells at a noncytotoxic dose. When 0.1-0.5 micrograms cepharanthine/ml was added along with VCR to L1210 cells in vitro, the cytotoxicity of VCR was potentiated 1.5-fold to 7-fold, whereas such potentiation was not found in mitomycin C, bleomycin, and 5 fluorouracil. The potentiating action of cepharanthine was stronger when the cells were preincubated with cepharanthine prior to the treatment of cells with VCR and cepharanthine, suggesting that a long-term contact with cells is required for the enhancement. Cepharanthine was found to induce the increase of the cellular level of VCR in L1210 cultured cells. It was suggested that the accumulation of VCR is due to the inhibition of a VCR efflux function of the cells. The administration of cepharanthine at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 10 days with VCR significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of VCR in L1210 leukemia and P388 leukemia (P less than .025). However, the combined effect of cepharanthine and VCR in this regimen was marginal synergism. When the same dose of cepharanthine was administered in split administration, three times daily for 10 days, the therapeutic effect of VCR was further enhanced compared to its effect under the former regimen. Furthermore, cepharanthine was found to partially overcome the resistance of VCR in P388/VCR. PMID- 3476793 TI - Long-term studies on carcinogenicity and promoting effect of phenylbutazone in DONRYU rats. AB - The carcinogenicity and promoting effect of phenylbutazone were investigated in inbred DONRYU rats. In the carcinogenicity study, both sexes were administered the chemical at dietary levels of 0 (control), 0.125, or 0.25% for 2 years. Toxic lesions were associated with phenylbutazone treatment in the kidney and digestive tract, appearing to have an adverse effect on life expectancy. Various tumors were detected in all groups including the controls. With the exception of pheochromocytoma in the female high-dose group, no statistically significant increase in yield of any tumors, including leukemia, was apparent in the treated groups of either sex when the data were analyzed by Fisher's exact probability and/or chi-square tests. Application of an age-adjusted statistical analysis revealed a slight positive effect regarding the occurrence of pheochromocytomas, neoplastic liver nodules, and leukemias in females. However, these tumors are commonly observed to develop spontaneously in this rat strain, and no such effect was apparent in the male groups. In addition, no differences in incidences of relevant preneoplastic lesions were evident between control and treated groups. Thus phenylbutazone showed no carcinogenic activity in DONRYU rats when given continuously in the diet for 2 years. For the investigation of promoting effect, phenylbutazone was given as a dietary supplement for 2 years subsequent to initiation with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea or N-propyl-N-nitrosourea. No enhancement of nitrosourea-induced leukemogenesis was apparent, although a slight promoting effect was demonstrated for renal and thyroid tumorigenesis. PMID- 3476794 TI - Omega-3 fatty acids inhibiting the growth of a transplantable rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - BN/Bi inbred female rats fed diets containing different amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, either of the omega-3 or omega-6 type, each received an implant of a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma. When the diameter of the tumors reached 20 mm, they were surgically removed; 2 weeks thereafter the animals were sacrificed and lung metastases were counted. Cellular immune response was determined before tumor inoculation; certain prostaglandin values in plasma and platelet aggregation were measured before and after tumor inoculation. Plasma prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 values were significantly decreased in those rats fed a diet containing menhaden oil. 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, cellular immune response, and platelet function were not significantly different in either one of the diet groups. Tumor growth in the groups of rats receiving the omega-3 fatty acids in their diet was significantly inhibited in comparison with that in the rats receiving the omega-6 fatty acids. However, the number of metastases was not significantly altered. PMID- 3476796 TI - Cancers of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and formaldehyde exposure. PMID- 3476795 TI - Erythroid cell fusion in the early phase of Friend virus leukemogenesis. AB - Infection of susceptible strain mice with the oncogenic Friend erythroleukemia virus initially results in fulminant erythroid hyperplasia. Several weeks later a frank erythroid leukemia develops. At the earliest stages of Friend disease there is extensive cell fusion involving erythroid cells but not platelets and granulocytes. Fusion was detected in experiments with allophenic (chimeric) mice whose component strains express electrophoretically distinct forms of the dimeric enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI). Infection of such animals with the polycythemic strain of Friend virus resulted in the rapid development of Friend disease. Concomitant with the appearance of early disease symptoms was the appearance in the red cells of the heterodimeric form of GPI, an unequivocal consequence of cell fusion. Platelet and granulocyte samples from the same infected animals failed to exhibit the hybrid GPI form. Furthermore, no hybrid dimer was evident in red cells from chimeric mice in which blood formation had been stimulated by phenylhydrazine treatment. These observations suggest that the occurrence of cell fusion early after infection by Friend virus is a significant aspect in the rapid development of neoplastic disease. PMID- 3476797 TI - Homogeneity in nutritional exposure: an impediment in cancer epidemiology. PMID- 3476798 TI - Effect of a low-fat diet on hormone levels in women with cystic breast disease. PMID- 3476799 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Water Metabolism. Festschrift, 600th anniversary of the University of Heidelberg. November 1985, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 3476801 TI - Effects of aging on vasopressin secretion, water excretion, and thirst in man. AB - Disorders of water balance are common among elderly patients. A number of factors may contribute. Osmoreceptor-mediated release of AVP is increased, but the response to volume stimuli may be reduced. The capacity of the kidney to concentrate urine is reduced by age, but this impairment cannot be correlated with coincident loss of glomerular filtration (GFR); there may rather be a failure of cAMP response to AVP in aging kidneys. Free water clearance is reduced in the old in proportion to the loss of GFR. Thirst mechanisms are also significantly impaired in healthy as well as sick old people. This combination of factors renders old people particularly liable to develop disorders of water homeostasis during episodes of acute or chronic ill health. PMID- 3476800 TI - Physiology of ADH secretion. AB - The past decade has witnessed continuing advances in our understanding of the physiology of vasopressin secretion. Despite some empirical and theoretical objections, linear regression analysis of the relationship between plasma vasopressin and plasma osmolality or sodium continues to provide a simple and useful way to describe the major functional properties of the osmoregulatory system. Recent studies employing this approach have shown that the sensitivity and "set" of the system can be altered independently, indicating that they have different bases and control mechanisms. All factors known to alter the sensitivity of the system also produce a reciprocal change in sensitivity to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin. This association suggests that the existence of some as yet unrecognized feedback signal that links the regulation of vasopressin secretion and action. The "set" of the osmoregulatory system appears subject to modification by a large number of physiologic and pathological variables, some of which may act directly or indirectly by endogenous opioids. Even the solute specificity of the osmoreceptor is subject to change since insulin deficiency significantly increases the stimulatory potency of hyperglycemia. A fuller understanding of the variables and mechanisms that alter the various properties of the osmoregulatory system will enhance management of clinical disorders of water balance and other diseases in which abnormalities in vasopressin secretion may play a role. PMID- 3476802 TI - [Detection of aberrations in the karyotype of children with acute leukemia: a comparative analysis of cytogenetics and flow cytophotometry]. AB - In the present study a comparative analysis of DNA flow cytometry and cytogenetics was performed in 257 children with acute leukemias to evaluate the comparability of both techniques for the detection of karyotype aberrations. DNA aneuploidies were detected in 88 (34%) patients while cytogenetic anomalies were revealed in 96 (37%) cases. From 76 patients (30%) with cytogenetically inevaluable metaphases 26 (35%) expressed aneuploid DNA stemlines. 67 (79%) of the 85 patients with normal karyotypes or normal modal chromosome numbers had a DNA index of 1.0 while DNA aneuploidies were identified in 18 cases (21%). 4 of 30 patients (13%) with pseudodiploid karyotypes revealed aneuploid DNA stemlines. While aberrations of the chromosome number by 1-3 chromosomes were combined with DNA aneuploidies in 9 of 35 cases (26%) only, all 31 patients with higher numeric chromosome changes also had aneuploid DNA stemlines. These data indicate that cytogenetics and DNA flow cytometry are complimentary methods for the detection of karyotype aberrations and should therefore be applied simultaneously. PMID- 3476803 TI - [Determination of methotrexate concentration in serum: comparison between capillary and venous blood]. AB - The methotrexate serum concentrations of 15 patients were measured in capillary and veneous blood samples. All of the patients had received methotrexate infusions because of their underlying oncologic disorder. The drug levels of 42 pairs of capillary and veneous drawn serum samples were analysed with a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique on a semi-automatic instrument system. In 15 pairs of samples the drug levels were below the range of the assay, in 3 they were just above. Here the capillary samples were measurable, whereas the veneous ones were not. 24 pairs of samples which had drug levels within the range of the assay showed a good correlation of capillary and veneous serum levels. The correlation factor of 0.934 shows, that the methotrexate concentrations can also be measured in capillary blood samples. PMID- 3476804 TI - [Effect of cranial irradiation on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier]. AB - The influence of fractionated cranial irradiation with 24 Gy on blood-CSF and blood-brain barrier permeability for methotrexate (MTX) and serum proteins was studied in young rabbits. In unirradiated control animals and 1, 4, 14 and 26 weeks following cranial irradiation MTX 57.5 mg/kg body weight was given by an infusion. 24 hours after the start of the MTX-infusion blood, CSF and brain was collected. MTX was measured by a radioimmunoassay, albumin and IgG by immunnephelometry. MTX in serum and brain tissue did not change significantly in the different groups before and after cranial irradiation. MTX in CSF was significantly higher 4 and 14 weeks following cranial irradiation compared to the unirradiated control group, demonstrating a significant blood-CSF barrier disturbance without blood-brain barrier disturbance. Increased MTX concentration were paralleled by significantly increased albumin concentrations in the CSF. IgG penetration across the blood-CSF barrier remained unchanged after irradiation. PMID- 3476806 TI - [24-year survival in chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukemia in 1961. After 9 years with stable white blood cells, progression of the disease was noted (white cells up to 180 X 10(9)/l; splenomegaly to the umbilicus). Busulfan was given over 4 weeks resulting in a remission of 13 years duration. Progression was observed again in 1983, 22 years after the initial diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Therapy with hydroxyurea resulted in another remission of shorter duration. Two chromosome studies showed the Philadelphia chromosome in 100% of metaphases without additional aberrations. In 1985 blast crisis developed. The cause of death as determined at autopsy was an undiagnosed miliary tuberculosis. The presented case is of special interest since (1) it is a report of the longest surviving patient with chronic myeloid leukemia, and (2) in contrast to other cases with long survival, this patient did not show chromosomal mosaicism or any additional chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 3476805 TI - [Detection of nephrotoxicity of human alpha 2b interferon with special reference to the analysis of urine enzymes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - The nephrotoxic potential of alpha-interferon (IFN alpha-2b) was analysed in 21 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. As particularly sensitive parameters in the detection of subclinical renal injury we measured the excretion of the following urinary enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), leucine arylaminidase (LAP), beta-galactosidase (GAL) and N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase (NAG). Additionally, protein excretion and urinary sediment were analysed. In 18 of 21 patients a significant increase in the excretion of LDH, LAP, GGT and NAG was found, in 6 patients there was an additional rise in the output of GAL. Eleven patients developed proteinuria up to 2 g/l, one patient excreted up to 9 g/l. Enzymuria and protein excretion decreased in all patients after reduction of the IFN alpha-2b dosage and disappeared in two patients following cessation of therapy. The high incidence of nephrotoxic events in patients with CML during IFN alpha-2b therapy might be mostly due to immunological or substance-specific effects. PMID- 3476807 TI - Posterior composite restorations. PMID- 3476808 TI - Characteristics of dental practice in Tennessee. PMID- 3476809 TI - A comparative population-distribution study of dental specialists in Tennessee. PMID- 3476810 TI - Inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis by ethanol: multiple sites and mechanisms in dispersed Leydig cells. AB - Isolated rat Leydig cells were incubated for 2 h in sealed polycarbonate tubes under O2/CO2 atmosphere with 10 mIU/ml human chorionic gonadotropin. 20 mmol/l ethanol reduced the concentration of testosterone (16%, P less than 0.025); raised the concentrations of pregnenolone (60%, P less than 0.001), androstenedione (86%, P less than 0.001) and dehydroepiandrosterone (81%, P less than 0.001); but did not change concentrations of progesterone and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone in the incubation medium. Ethanol also raised the lactate/pyruvate ratio in the Leydig cell suspension. 4-Methylpyrazole (0.5 mmol/l) abolished the ethanol-induced changes. The present results suggest that ethanol inhibits testosterone synthesis in isolated rat Leydig cells at the pregnenolone-to-testosterone pathway by inhibiting 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase/5-ene-4-ene-isomerase catalyzed reactions and the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. These inhibitions are caused by consequences of ethanol metabolism. A likely mechanism for the former inhibition is that the increase in the NADH/NAD+ ratio in Leydig cells leads to inhibition of reactions catalyzed by 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase/5-ene-4-ene isomerase, but the inhibition mechanism operating at the androstenedione-to-testosterone step remains to be characterized. PMID- 3476811 TI - Differentiation of cultured promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) induced by endotoxin-treated human lung conditioned medium. AB - Serum-free conditioned medium prepared from endotoxin-treated human lung tissue contains potent differentiation activity (DA) which induces the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to mature functioning granulocytes and macrophages. Upon fractionation, the DA can be separated from colony stimulating factors (CSFs). The estimated molecular weight of DA is 23,000 d which is similar to CSF-II but is much smaller than CSF-I (50,000 d). The isoelectric point (PI) value obtained from preparative isoelectrofocusing is 5.2, which is higher than CSF-I of 4.1-4.8 but lower than CSF-II of 5.6. Using isopropanol as solvent and trifluoroacetic acid (0.2%) as ion-pair, the DA is eluted at 37% isopropanol from the C-3 column in comparison to 30% for CSF-II and 34% for CSF-I. PMID- 3476812 TI - The predictive value of in-vitro techniques in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Bone marrow aspirates obtained from 27 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) was cultured at the time of presentation, during remission and at relapse. Growth patterns were assessed throughout the patient's clinical course. The percentage of Ia-positive progenitor cells was assayed by a complement dependent cytotoxicity assay. The percentage of cells in S phase was measured by a tritiated thymidine suicide index. Growth patterns of leukemic bone marrow samples at presentation showed varied numbers of clusters but only rare colonies. This was not predictive of clinical course. Growth patterns of bone marrow in complete remission from ANLL often had depressed colony numbers. However, some patients in remission had bone marrow growth patterns that approached or reached normal colony numbers, suggesting elimination of residual leukemia. The percentage of cells that expressed Ia antigen at presentation, during remission and at relapse varied widely and was not predictive of long-term remission or early relapse. The percentage of cells in S phase was also highly variable and not predictive of clinical course. At presentation the S-phase percentage correlated with the percentage of cells expressing Ia antigen. However, there was no such correlation during remission. PMID- 3476813 TI - Tritiated thymidine labeling index in Indian childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI) was determined in 25 unselected children with cytochemically proved ALL, at various stages of the disease. All the cases were treated by a uniform therapeutic protocol. Pretreatment LI determined in 15 cases showed an inverse correlation with the duration of first complete remission. LI was also studied during remission in 23 patients. Six out of these 23 patients relapsed within subsequent 90 days, while the rest continued to be in remission. Mean LI of the nonerythroid cells in later group of patients was found to be significantly higher than that of the patients who relapsed. PMID- 3476814 TI - An evaluation of enamel damage caused by different finishing systems. PMID- 3476815 TI - [Acral erythema induced by cytostatic polychemotherapy]. PMID- 3476816 TI - Amniotic fluid prostaglandin D2 in spontaneous and augmented labor. AB - Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was quantified in human amniotic fluid obtained from women in various phases of the first stage of spontaneous labor, augmented labor, and induced labor. PGD2 increased significantly only in late labor in the spontaneous and augmented labor groups. PMID- 3476817 TI - Gene therapy for thioguanine-resistant human leukemia. AB - The feasibility of using retroviral gene therapy to overcome drug resistance was assessed by determining the efficiency by which a retrovirus containing the human HGPRT gene could sensitize hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) negative human promyelocytic leukemia cells to 6-thioguanine. A single three-hour exposure at a virus to cell ratio of 6 X 2:1 restored sensitivity to 70(+/- 18)% of the clonogenic cells. The efficacy varied as a function of virus concentration and duration of viral exposure; the time allowed for integration and expression between one and five days post-infection had little effect. Cells successfully sensitized contained a proviral insert and expressed HGPRT activity that ranged from 1 to 92% of that in the wild-type cells. The mutation rate of the inserted gene varied from the same as that of the endogenous HGPRT gene to 200-fold greater in different clones. Failure of sensitization following viral exposure was associated with absence of an integrated provirus, and clonogenic cells failing to be sensitized by one virus exposure were sensitized with approximately the same efficiency by a second viral exposure. These results demonstrate the feasibility of transferring a drug sensitivity gene to a human leukemia cell line. PMID- 3476818 TI - Bridging the gap between acute lymphoid and acute myeloid leukaemias. PMID- 3476820 TI - [Clinico-statistical aspects of a school-age population sample. I. The period of the eruption and change of the 1st molars and permanent incisors]. PMID- 3476819 TI - Potentiation of the phosphaturic effect of calcitonin by indomethacin in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. AB - The influence of indomethacin on phosphaturic effect of calcitonin (CT) was examined in conscious, restrained thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. Constant infusion of 0.5 units/h CT caused a transient phosphaturic response which peaked within 2 h after the start of the CT infusion. Indomethacin enhanced and prolonged the CT-induced phosphaturia without affecting serum phosphate levels or creatinine clearance. Because the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was markedly suppressed by indomethacin, the potentiation of the phosphaturic effect of CT by indomethacin appears to be due to an inhibition of renal PG synthesis. These observations as well as our previous findings that exogenously administered PGE2 inhibits the phosphaturic effect of CT and stimulation of 1 alpha-hydroxylase in TPTX rats [Yamada et al. Endocrinology 116: 693-697, 1985] are consistent with the hypothesis that PG interacts with CT to modulate the effects of CT in the proximal renal tubules. PMID- 3476821 TI - [AIDS: what the dentist should know]. PMID- 3476822 TI - [Experimental in vitro research on the circulatory effects of hypothermia on the oral tissues]. PMID- 3476823 TI - [Leukoedema of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3476824 TI - [Suitability of 3 radiological methods for determining bone loss in periodontal disease]. PMID- 3476825 TI - [Case of gingival hyperplasia due to diphenylhydantoin]. PMID- 3476826 TI - [Quantitative analysis of dental wear and its correlation with the morphology and pathology of condylar wear]. PMID- 3476827 TI - [Current trends in the therapy of spinocellular carcinoma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3476828 TI - [Maxillofacial injuries in amateur soccer. Presentation of 4 cases]. PMID- 3476830 TI - [Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: a serious complication of condylar fractures]. PMID- 3476831 TI - [Clinico-statistical aspects of a school-age population sample. II. The period of the eruption and change in canines, premolars and 2d permanent molars]. PMID- 3476829 TI - [Traumatic alveolar fractures: for whose skills? A clinical case]. PMID- 3476832 TI - [The polymorphonuclear leukocyte count of the lavage fluid from periodontal pockets in relation to their histological grade of inflammation]. PMID- 3476833 TI - [Diagnosis in endodontics. I]. PMID- 3476835 TI - [Mesial shifting of the permanent 2d molars in Ricketts technic]. PMID- 3476834 TI - [Conservative endodontic therapy of deciduous and permanent teeth in children]. PMID- 3476836 TI - [Therapy of condylar fractures with dislocation in young people]. PMID- 3476837 TI - [Surgical repositioning of the canine: an alternative]. PMID- 3476838 TI - [A new method of treating mandibular fractures by plate osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3476839 TI - [Bifid tongue associated with other maxillofacial pathology. Presentation of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3476840 TI - Case presentation: ameloblastoma. PMID- 3476841 TI - [A study on the mechanism of development of acute gastric ulcer in hemorrhagic shock--with special reference to the relation of PGE2 and noradrenaline levels in the gastric mucosa and changes in gastric mucosal blood flow]. AB - Changes in gastric mucosal blood flow in acute gastric ulceration associated with hemorrhagic shock were investigated for their relationship to gastric mucosal PGE2 and NA in rats which were deprived of 24 ml/kg of blood. The results were: 1. Gastric mucosal blood flow and NA were decreased by 65% and 25% respectively at 30 minutes after hemorrhage. Gastric mucosal PGE2 was 26% increased at 30 minutes after exsanguination and then showed a marked decrease. 2. Administration of NA resulted in an 100% increase of gastric mucosal PGE2. However, animals receiving NA at 20 or 50 minutes after hemorrhage gave values for gastric mucosal PGE2 which were not different from those of non-NA-treated animals at 30 and 60 minutes after hemorrhage. 3. Pre-treatment with PGE2 suppressed the reduction in both gastric mucosal blood flow and NA and the development of ulcer, whereas pre treatment with indomethacin accelerated them. These results suggest that the increase in gastric mucosal PGE2 in early shock might represent a phenomenon of adaptation to decreased blood flow, implicating adrenergic activation as one of causative factors, and the decrease in gastric mucosal PGE2 in late shock might be construed as the result of impaired synthesis of PGE2 due to persistent hypoxia and be one of the possible factors for ulcers. PMID- 3476842 TI - [Post-stimulus electromyography in orthodontic subjects: analysis of the silent period induced by occlusal contact]. PMID- 3476843 TI - [Orthodontic relapse]. PMID- 3476844 TI - [Ectodermal dysplasia: clinical cases]. PMID- 3476845 TI - [Transposition of the canine]. PMID- 3476846 TI - [La Fort I osteotomy: a case of maxillary retrognathism with complete edentulousness]. PMID- 3476847 TI - Characterization of natural cytotoxic effector cells isolated from rat liver. AB - Nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC) from normal untreated female Wistar/Furth rats were tested for natural cytotoxicity in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay against the murine lymphoma YAC-1, the murine mastocytoma P815, and the syngeneic rat mammary carcinoma TMT-081 tumor cell lines. NPC exerted strong cytotoxicity against all three target cells. In contrast, fresh spleen cells displayed cytotoxicity only against YAC-1, although after culture for 24 h at 37 degrees C cytotoxicity was displayed against all three target cells. Fresh spleen cells contained 2-15% large granular lymphocytes (LGL) as assessed by Giemsa staining whereas NPC contained 10-23% LGL and 10-25% Kupffer cells. Centrifugal elutriation produced fractions that were increased in one or the other of the cell types. More cytotoxic activity was observed in the fraction containing more LGL. The cytolytic activity of fresh spleen cells could be eliminated by either in vivo or in vitro treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 antiserum. On the other hand, the cytolytic activity of NPC was resistant to in vivo treatment, but was partially sensitive to in vitro treatment. Furthermore, the activity of cultured spleen cells was also partially sensitive to in vitro treatment. NPC and cultured spleen cells also were more resistant to suppression by prostaglandin E2 and nordihydroguaiaretic acid than fresh spleen cells. We conclude that LGL is mainly responsible for natural cytotoxicity of NPC and that some effector cells in NPC may be highly activated. PMID- 3476848 TI - [Pattern of evolution of amplicons during the development of multiple drug resistance in Djungarian hamster cells]. AB - Six cloned DNA fragments representing different portions of the genomic region amplified in multidrug resistant Djungarian hamster cells were used to study amplicon variations in a large number of the resistant cell lines. Expressed correlation exists between the degree of 3 cloned sequences amplification and the level of multidrug resistance. Three other cloned regions amplify coordinately with the latter ones at the initial steps of selection. Later their amplification halts and they mao even eliminate from amplicons of highly resistant cells. The rates and order of elimination of these sequences vary among different independently derived series of multidrug resistant cell lines. PMID- 3476849 TI - Comparative analysis of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase activity and cellular sensitivity to alkylating agents in cell strains derived from a variety of animal species. AB - Using 26 cultured cell lines derived from 17 different animal species, we have measured both the activity of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) methyltransferase (MT) in cell extracts and the sensitivity of the strains to the lethal effects of the alkylating agents, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 1-(4-amino-2 methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (ACNU). The MT activity was assayed by measuring the amount of 3H radioactivity transferred from methyl-[3H]-labeled O6-MeG in DNA to acceptor protein molecules in the extracts. In all the 21 mammalian cell strains, lethal sensitivity to ACNU as measured by colony-forming ability correlated well with cellular MT activity, indicating that the major lethal ACNU damage is reparable by the MT. On the other hand, MNNG sensitivity did not necessarily correlate with the MT activity. PMID- 3476850 TI - Difference in O6-methylguanine methyltransferase activity among transformed NIH3T3 cell clones. AB - We examined the sensitivity to the lethal effects of methylating agents and the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MTR) activities of in vitro transformed NIH3T3 cell clones. The sensitivities to the lethal effects of MNNG were not different among all 49 transformed cell clones examined and do not correlate with the MTR activities. All 8 spontaneously transformed cell clones showed the same sensitivities to ACNU as the parental cell line. 2 of 20 transformants induced by UV or MNNG showed higher sensitivities to the ACNU although the MTR activity was normal. One cell clone transformed by UV was sensitive to ACNU and showed about half MTR activity. 5 of 19 cell clones transformed by oncogenes (Ha-ras or SV40 ori-) were sensitive to the lethal effects of ACNU and showed the low MTR activities, but were not as much sensitive as a Ha-MuSV transformed cell clone, Ha821. PMID- 3476851 TI - Ischemic exercise test: failure to detect partial expression of McArdle's disease. AB - The forearm ischemic exercise test (FIET) is a very important clinical tool for evaluation of patients suspected to have a metabolic disorder of muscle function. Failure to elevate lactate in blood washed out from ischemically exercised muscles confirms an abnormality of glycolytic metabolism. A normal increase of lactate on FIET is assumed to rule out a disorder of glycolytic metabolism. Two patients with low levels of muscle phosphorylase are presented who produced a normal elevation of lactate on FIET. This suggests that, although the FIET is capable of identifying patients with absence of myophosphorylase, the test cannot identify patients with a partial expression of that disorder. Evaluation of the blood samples for ammonia in addition to lactate can be a significant help in confirming that the exercise performed by the patient was an adequate challenge for the glycolytic pathway. In addition, failure to elevate ammonia on ischemic exercise can identify a relatively new disorder of muscle metabolism. PMID- 3476853 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 40-1987. A seven-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission, with abnormalities of the ears, paranasal sinuses, and lungs. PMID- 3476852 TI - Profound cytopenia secondary to azidothymidine. PMID- 3476854 TI - Lab worker infected with AIDS virus. PMID- 3476855 TI - Test without EPA approval has come to an end. PMID- 3476857 TI - Stock-taking concerning international activities in the field of biotechnology. A basis for research policy decisions. AB - The objective selection of biotechnological priority areas in accordance with global goals established by the government, which is undertaken jointly by science, industry and the government, poses some problems. In order to objectify decisions, therefore, a data recording system has been developed by way of example (for the field of biotechnology in Japan), which enables an analysis to be made of research activities to date as well as forecasts of the future development. PMID- 3476856 TI - Frequent c-fms activation by proviral insertion in mouse myeloblastic leukaemias. AB - Retroviruses lacking oncogenes can induce tumours in animals, and the tumour cells are frequently found to contain proviral DNA inserted next to a proto oncogene, which is thus placed under the regulatory control of the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). This altered regulation leads to overexpression of the proto-oncogene, which presumably contributes to the growth properties of the tumour cells. fim-2 has been described as a retroviral integration site frequently and specifically involved in murine myeloblastic leukaemias induced in vivo or in vitro by the replication-competent Friend murine leukaemia virus (F MuLV). Here we report that fim-2 spans the 5'-end of the murine proto-oncogene c fms, known to code for a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity probably identical to the receptor of the haemopoietic growth factor, monocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1). Proviral integration in the fim-2 region results in a high expression of a normal sized c-fms messenger RNA. We also observe that some tumours have lost the fim-2/c-fms germ line allele. These results provide the first evidence for the presumed involvement of c-fms in myelomonocytic leukaemias. PMID- 3476860 TI - A rating scale for Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: description, reliability, and validity data. AB - We developed a rating scale for tic disorders that uses only objective criteria and accommodates the variety of tic manifestations. Using short videotaped recordings with the examiner out of the taping room, we measured five tic variables: number of body areas affected, frequency of motor tics and vocalizations, and severity of motor tics and vocalizations. The rating scale fulfilled tests for inter-rater reliability and temporal stability, and correlated well with scales used to assess global changes over prolonged periods. It objectively detected improvement in tics with neuroleptics, the one pharmacotherapy accepted to abate tics in most patients. PMID- 3476859 TI - Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, X-linked: a half century follow-up. AB - The existence of an X-linked sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy has been debated. We reevaluated the original family, and present data on 13 affected males and 25 obligate or probable heterozygous females, documenting the devastating nature of the disease in the men and the extremely variable degree of clinical involvement in the carriers. Use of DNA probes indicates that the gene lies in the DXYS1-p58 1 region of the X-chromosome. PMID- 3476858 TI - Influence of eicosanoids on serotonin release in the rat brain: inhibition by prostaglandins E1 and E2. AB - Superfused rat brain cortex slices, hypothalamic slices and cortex synaptosomes preincubated with 3H-serotonin or 3H-noradrenaline were used to study the effects of eicosanoids on tritium overflow evoked either electrically (3 Hz; slices) or by potassium 12 mmol/l (synaptosomes). 1. The electrically evoked 3H overflow from cortex slices preincubated with 3H-serotonin was inhibited by prostaglandins E1 and E2 and by the prostacyclin analogue iloprost. No effect was seen with prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin D2, CG 4203 (another prostacyclin analogue), U 46619 (a thromboxane A2 analogue) and leukotriene C4. The same held true for indomethacin and the prostaglandin receptor antagonists SC 19220 and N 0164. The inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 was slightly more pronounced in the presence of indomethacin than in its absence, but was not affected by SC 19220, N-0164 or forskolin plus AH 21-132 (an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase). Yohimbine and the serotonin receptor antagonist metitepin failed to influence the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E1. 2. The potassium evoked 3H overflow from cortex synaptosomes preincubated with 3H-serotonin was inhibited by prostaglandin E2. 3. Prostaglandin E2 also inhibited the electrically evoked 3H overflow from hypothalamic slices preincubated with 3H serotonin. 4. The electrically evoked 3H overflow from cortex slices preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline was inhibited by prostaglandin E2, but was not affected by SC 19220, which, in turn, did also not alter the effect of prostaglandin E2. The present results are compatible with the view that presynaptic SC 19220 insensitive prostaglandin E receptors may be involved in the inhibitory effect of prostaglandins E1 and E2 on serotonin (and noradrenaline) release. PMID- 3476861 TI - McArdle's disease in two generations: autosomal recessive transmission with manifesting heterozygote. AB - A 17-year-old boy had exercise-induced cramps and myoglobinuria. The mother had myalgia and weakness after exercise but the father was asymptomatic. Muscle biopsy was normal in the father but showed glycogen storage and absent or markedly decreased histochemical stain for phosphorylase in mother and son. Autosomal dominant McArdle's disease was considered likely, but biochemical studies showed that muscle phosphorylase activity was 0.6% of normal in the son, 20% in the mother, and 45% in the father, with corresponding decreases of cross reacting material by immunotitration. These data suggest autosomal recessive transmission. One of the parents was clinically silent and the other was a manifesting heterozygote. PMID- 3476862 TI - [Behavior of CA 19-9 in benign pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary data]. PMID- 3476863 TI - [Prevention of hepatic metastasis in patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma]. PMID- 3476865 TI - Adrenal medullary grafts transplanted into the brain as a treatment for Parkinson disease. PMID- 3476864 TI - [Preoperative determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and gastrointestinal antigen in neoplastic colorectal pathology. Case contributions]. PMID- 3476866 TI - Medical students' exposure to formaldehyde in gross anatomy laboratories. PMID- 3476867 TI - Current management of tuberculosis. PMID- 3476868 TI - Adult measles. PMID- 3476869 TI - Ethical considerations of reproductive technologies. PMID- 3476870 TI - Tuberculosis mimicking acute pyogenic bacterial pneumonia. PMID- 3476871 TI - Volvulus of the descending colon. PMID- 3476872 TI - Endotracheal hamartoma. PMID- 3476873 TI - Homelessness in Paris. PMID- 3476874 TI - Continuing use of x-ray pelvimetry for pregnant women. PMID- 3476875 TI - Massive pulmonary embolism with right atrial thrombus. PMID- 3476876 TI - Obturator hernias. PMID- 3476877 TI - Management of uterine hyperstimulation after prostaglandin E2 administration. AB - Recent literature suggests that intravaginal or intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 gel may be an effective agent for cervical ripening. One potentially disastrous reported side effect is uterine hyperstimulation. This case report represents the first description of the successful management of uterine hyperstimulation with intravenous ritodrine therapy after the intravaginal administration of prostaglandin E2. PMID- 3476878 TI - [Complete resorption of a root of a vital permanent molar]. PMID- 3476879 TI - [The importance of sterilization in dentistry and the technics used]. PMID- 3476880 TI - Continuing education needs perceived by some Ohio dentists. PMID- 3476881 TI - Traditional vs. comprehensive: a pilot study compares the effects of two oral health formats. PMID- 3476882 TI - Gagging: the preventive effect of table salt. PMID- 3476883 TI - A diffuse, papillary white plaque of the mandibular alveolar mucosa. PMID- 3476884 TI - Examining clinical applications of glass ionomer cements. PMID- 3476885 TI - Metropolitan Toronto committee provides dental care to geriatric patients. PMID- 3476886 TI - RRSPs: a significant investment. PMID- 3476887 TI - CSF procedure minimizes rotational relapse. PMID- 3476888 TI - Root resorption linked to replantation failure. PMID- 3476889 TI - Odontogenic keratocyst. Lesion in cell culture exhibits unusual features. PMID- 3476890 TI - Retained alloplastic temporomandibular joint disk implants: a retrospective study. AB - The surgical treatment of intermediate- to late-stage temporomandibular joint disease often involves disk removal. In many instances, disks have not been replaced; long-term postsurgical findings of crepitation and osseous remodeling have been noted although subjective signs and symptoms have been few. Attempts to decrease the noises and bony changes, to enhance biologic resurfacing, and to prevent adhesions, recurrent pain, and dysfunction have prompted many surgeons to use various alloplastic materials to replace the disk, either in a planned permanent (retained) or a planned temporary (retrievable) manner. However, a certain degree of morbidity remains. This article reports clinical responses and radiographic findings in a series of patients who received retained alloplastic temporomandibular joint disk implants. PMID- 3476891 TI - Modification of the mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy. AB - The sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is a common procedure used in the correction of mandibular deformities. Modifications of the procedure will be presented for advancement and setback of the mandible. Major advantages of this technique include controlled splitting of the segments and predictable positional control of the proximal segment. The advantages and disadvantages of rigid skeletal stabilization are discussed, as well as application to the modified mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy. PMID- 3476892 TI - Unilateral facial palsy following bilateral intraoral coronoidectomies. AB - The second reported case of unilateral facial palsy following intraoral coronoidectomy is presented. A differential diagnosis of facial palsy is discussed. The etiologic mechanism of facial palsy following intraoral coronoidectomy, however, remains speculative. PMID- 3476893 TI - An unusual case of lingual mandibular depression. AB - The literature concerning lingual mandibular depressions is briefly presented, and a case of an anterior depression containing salivary gland tissue is described. Since this is a rare condition, the presentation of an additional case is of interest. PMID- 3476894 TI - Root in the maxillary sinus. AB - The accidental displacement of a root into the maxillary sinus is a recognized complication of exodontia. Such roots should normally be removed early rather than late in order to minimize the likelihood of maxillary sinus complications. A root left within the maxillary sinus may, on occasion, pass spontaneously into the nose. Appropriate treatment and possible complications are discussed. PMID- 3476896 TI - Fever of unknown origin caused by dental infection. Report of a case. AB - There are indications that dental infections may be causally related to a wide spectrum of systemic and local disorders. We present a case report of a fever that lasted more than 50 days and discuss the pathogenesis of associated dental infections. PMID- 3476897 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible. AB - The case of a 48-year-old male patient with a slowly growing mass in the right molar region of the mandible is presented. The biopsy specimen showed an aneurysmal bone cyst. After radiation therapy failed to arrest the process, the patient was treated surgically via an external approach. Between the time of the initial presentation and the date of definitive surgery 9 months later, a dramatic change was noted in the roentgenographic pattern of the lesion, demonstrating early and late stages in the development of an aneurysmal bone cyst. There has been no recurrence in a 17-year follow-up period. PMID- 3476895 TI - The association between burning mouth syndrome and psychosocial disorders. AB - Twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of nonorganic burning mouth syndrome were matched for age and sex with twenty-five patients with organically based painful disorders of the mouth. All patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist and completed the General Health Questionnaire to screen for psychiatric disorders. A diagnosis of psychiatric disorder based on clinical examination findings was made in 44% (11/25) of the patients with burning mouth syndrome and in 16% (4/25) of the controls. PMID- 3476898 TI - Tuberous sclerosis complex and a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor of the mandible. AB - This article reports the case of a large calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex. The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, one of the rarest odontogenic tumors, is reviewed in detail, as is the unusual disorder of tuberous sclerosis complex. PMID- 3476899 TI - The effect of inferior alveolar nerve resection on dentin formation. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of inferior alveolar nerve resection on dentinal structures of dogs with the use of fluorescent tissue-time markers. After resection of the mandibular right inferior alveolar nerve and an experimental interval of 70 days, dentin formation was determined from serial cross sections through the mandibular canines. Results indicated that denervation did not appear to affect secondary dentin formation in the canine teeth of dogs. PMID- 3476900 TI - The radiographic detection of initial carious lesions on the proximal surfaces of teeth. Part I. The influence of exposure conditions. AB - The relationship between a number of technical exposure conditions and the diagnostic value of bitewing radiographs in the interpretation of initial proximal carious lesions was evaluated. The most important exposure factors for radiographs are tube voltage, filtration, and exposure time. Tube voltage and filtration were found to have an insignificant influence on the diagnostic quality. Exposure time proved to be the most critical factor in influencing diagnostic quality. The greatest difference in diagnostic quality, however, was caused by differences between observers. PMID- 3476902 TI - Clinical assessment of anatomic positioning and patient comfort for intraoral radiography: a comparison of xeroradiography versus film. AB - The Xerox 110 dental system employs rigid beveled-edge cassettes containing charged selenium-alloy plates for intraoral xeroradiography. This study evaluates the ability of a skilled operator to position these cassettes accurately within the oral cavity as compared to the ability to position conventional film packets using two types of image holders. Results indicate that xeroradiographic cassettes are significantly more difficult to use for complete-mouth radiographs than comparable conventional film packets. Also, the use of xeroradiographic cassettes causes a slight increase in patient discomfort. In addition, two types of rectangular collimating devices were shown to be useful. The greatest shortcoming of the xeroradiographic cassette is not its greater thickness or rigidity but the reduced dimensions of its internal surface area. PMID- 3476901 TI - The radiographic detection of initial carious lesions on the proximal surfaces of teeth. Part II. The influence of viewing conditions. AB - The relationship between various technical viewing conditions and the diagnostic value of bitewing radiographs on the interpretation of initial proximal carious lesions was evaluated. Modification of illumination from the viewbox, the masking of the viewbox, the surrounding illumination, viewing against a wide light source, and the use of accessories were studied. Modification of illumination conditions was found to have only a slight negative influence on the diagnostic quality compared to standard conditions. The use of accessories can have a more important, positive influence, especially when one is using a magnifying glass or an x-viewer. TV systems produced disappointing results. The observer, however, proved to be the most important variable with respect to the diagnostic quality of the radiograph. PMID- 3476903 TI - The double-headed mandibular condyle. AB - The double-headed condylar process is rare. Radiographs of four patients with this type of anomaly and one skeletal specimen are described in this article. Histologic studies in rodents suggest a possible mode of pathogenesis: maldirected muscular pull may lead to the development of an extra mandibular capitulum. PMID- 3476904 TI - Retained cuspid. PMID- 3476905 TI - Dermatitis artefacta of the paraoral region. AB - Factitial injuries constitute a group of lesions that relate only in the manner in which they are produced and have no particular physical appearance. The possibility of correctly diagnosing a factitial injury is difficult unless this unusual condition is considered in a differential diagnosis. In this article, a case report of factitial injury of the paraoral soft tissue in a 33-year-old white man is presented. A review of self-mutilation and of the psychological aspects of self-destructive behavior is also included. PMID- 3476906 TI - Oral complications of high-dose melphalan in multiple myeloma. AB - Four patients with multiple myeloma refractory to conventional chemotherapy received high-dose melphalan. All experienced multiple oral complications. Extensive neutropenic ulceration and orofacial herpes simplex virus infection caused considerable morbidity in three patients during prolonged periods of neutropenia. PMID- 3476907 TI - Intraosseous rheumatoid nodule. AB - The authors present a case of an intraosseous rheumatoid nodule in the rib of a 9 year-old boy. PMID- 3476908 TI - Xerostomia: an increasingly significant dental management challenge. PMID- 3476909 TI - HIV testing: the ultimate test. PMID- 3476910 TI - Placement and replacement of amalgam restorations: a challenge for the profession. PMID- 3476911 TI - Comparison of microleakage in direct and indirect composite resin restorations in vitro. PMID- 3476912 TI - Guide wire for parallel pin castings. PMID- 3476913 TI - Evaluation of the dispersalloy Caplet system. PMID- 3476914 TI - One-year postgraduate education: a requirement for licensure? PMID- 3476915 TI - Preparation and restoration of anterior teeth with composite resin: a survey of dental schools. PMID- 3476916 TI - Morphometry for the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. AB - The morphology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is of prognostic significance, but due to the qualitative subjective nature of the assessment, disagreement between pathologists may be considerable. In order to investigate the adjuvant potential of morphometry, the present study was undertaken. Morphometry was applied in 21 children between 2 and 10 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a follow-up of at least 5 years. Of these, 9 patients died, 12 (57.1%) survived for at least five years (maximally 12 years). Morphometry appeared to have an important prognostic value, independent of the FAB classification currently in use. Combination of the nuclear-cell area ratio and the cell area gave a rather good discrimination, although these quantitative data from a morphological continuum. The positive results of this pilot study point to the necessity of evaluating the data on a larger material. PMID- 3476918 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of dental defects in the anterior region in adolescent patients]. PMID- 3476917 TI - Incomplete Reiter's syndrome following chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - Reiter's syndrome and other reactive arthritides have been described following infection with various organisms although they can occur in unusual circumstances without an obvious infectious precipitant. We have recently witnessed two attacks of reactive arthritis and keratoderma blenorrhagica occurring in an HLA B27 adult male following chemotherapy on two separate occasions with the same drugs for acute myeloid leukaemia. No attacks occurred before or following the cessation of these drugs. This supports the view that in Reiter's syndrome a common pathogenic pathway is triggered by an 'arthritogenic factor' which in this case appears to have been chemical. PMID- 3476919 TI - [Enhanced vomiting reflex in prosthetically treated patients]. PMID- 3476920 TI - [Focal infection of dental origin as the cause of a joint disease]. PMID- 3476921 TI - [Gardner's syndrome (case report)]. PMID- 3476922 TI - Fat and endocrine-responsive cancer in animals. AB - Studies using the N-nitrosomethylurea mammary tumor model indicate that the tumor promoting effect of dietary fat is dependent on both qualitative and quantitative factors. Rats were fed diets containing either safflower, corn, or olive oil at either 23 (HF) or 5% (LF) in the diet (w/w). Coconut oil was fed to one group at 23% (w/w). It was found that animals fed HF diets rich in linoleic acid, such as safflower and corn oil, exhibited increased incidence and decreased latent period compared with either their LF counterparts or animals fed HF diets rich in oleic acid (olive oil) or medium-chain saturated fatty acids (coconut oil). Analysis of tumor lipid fatty acid content indicated that tumor-neutral lipids reflected the diet whereas tumor phospholipids did not. Moreover, tumor prostaglandins (PGE2) were high in the two high-incidence groups (HF safflower and corn) and low in the two low-incidence groups (HF olive and coconut). These results indicate that HF intake is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for mammary tumor promotion, and that the proportion of essential polyunsaturates vis a vis monounsaturates and saturates is a critical determinant of the fat effect. In addition, our studies suggest that alterations in the metabolism of linoleic acid to (prosta . . .) prostaglandins may underlie the fat effect. Dose-response studies in the same model, using four different levels of corn oil, suggest that instead of a linear relationship with respect to tumor incidence, there appears to be a threshold lying between 20 and 33% fat as calories, above which tumor promotion is manifested and below which it is not. PMID- 3476923 TI - In vitro digestibility and amino acid composition of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and other cereals. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro digestibility, protein distribution patterns, and amino acid composition of pearl millet with other major cereals. Digestibility values for the pearl millet varieties were higher than that of sorghum and comparable to that of maize. In contrast to sorghum, digestibility of pearl millet and maize did not decrease significantly upon cooking. Protein distribution patterns of uncooked pearl millet and shifts in the different fractions as a result of cooking also resembled that of maize and not sorghum. The amino acid profile of pearl millet is more favorable than that of normal sorghum and normal maize and is comparable to the small grains, wheat, barley, and rice. On the basis of these findings, it appears that pearl millet is a nutritious and well-digested source of calories and proteins for humans. PMID- 3476924 TI - The 3' untranslated region of the human interferon-beta mRNA has an inhibitory effect on translation. AB - In vitro-transcribed human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) mRNA, which contains all the sequence of the natural molecule, is poorly translated in a reticulocyte lysate or when injected in Xenopus oocytes. This low level of translation is due to an inhibition by the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Indeed, the replacement of these sequences by those of Xenopus beta-globin mRNA dramatically increases the translational efficiency of the mRNA, especially in oocytes. This phenomenon is not due to a difference in mRNA stability since both native and chimeric mRNAs remain undegraded, at least during the translation period considered. Construction of different chimeric molecules having various combinations of 5' and 3' UTRs from IFN-beta or Xenopus beta-globin mRNA or a small sequence of SP6 polylinker as 5' UTR has revealed that the 3' UTR of IFN beta in itself has a pronounced inhibitory effect on translation in the two translation systems from animal cells. Indeed, the addition of this 3' UTR at the 3' end of the coding region of a chicken lysozyme mRNA also causes a large decrease of its translational capacity in both systems. However, the nature of the 5' noncoding sequence influences the degree of translation inhibition exerted by the 3' UTR. Remarkably, we observed no difference in translation level when the different mRNAs were tested in a wheat germ extract. PMID- 3476925 TI - Type XII collagen: distinct extracellular matrix component discovered by cDNA cloning. AB - We have screened a cDNA library constructed from tendon fibroblast mRNA for the presence of collagenous coding sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis of one isolated clone, pMG377, reveals that the clone encodes a polypeptide that is homologous to, yet distinctly different from, type IX short-chain collagen polypeptides. The structure of the conceptual translation product of the cDNA is also different from that of all other collagen types. Therefore, we have given the type IX-like collagen chain encoded by pMG377 the designation alpha 1(XII). Ribonuclease protection assays with single-stranded cRNA probes demonstrate that alpha 1(XII) mRNA is present in several tissues such as calvaria, tendon, and sternal cartilage of 17-day-old chicken embryo and in cornea from 6-day-old embryos. Using pMG377 as the hybridization probe, we isolated a fragment of the corresponding gene from a chicken genomic library. Partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the genomic clone DG12 shows that the exon/intron structure of the alpha 1(XII) collagen gene appears to be homologous to that of the alpha 1(IX) and alpha 2(IX) collagen genes. Our data demonstrate that types IX and XII collagen are two homologous members of a family of unique collagenous proteins that show tissue-specific patterns of expression. Based on their structure and the properties of their genes, we conclude that this family of collagens is distinctly different from that of fibrillar collagens. PMID- 3476926 TI - Alteration of glycolipids in ras-transfected NIH 3T3 cells. AB - Glycosphingolipid alterations upon viral transformation are well documented. Transformation of mouse 3T3 cells with murine sarcoma viruses results in marked decreases in the levels of gangliosides GM1 and GD1a and an increase in gangliotriaosylceramide. The transforming oncogenes of these viruses have been identified as members of the ras gene family. We analyzed NIH 3T3 cells transfected with human H-, K- and N-ras oncogenes for their glycolipid composition and expression of cell surface gangliosides. Using conventional thin layer chromatographic analysis, we found that the level of GM3 was increased and that of GD1a was slightly decreased or unchanged, and GM1 was present but not in quantifiable levels. Cell surface levels of GM1 were determined by 125I-labeled cholera toxin binding to intact cells. GD1a was determined by cholera toxin binding to cells treated with sialidase prior to toxin binding. All ras transfected cells had decreased levels of surface GM1 and GD1a as compared to logarithmically growing normal NIH 3T3 cells. Levels of GM1 and, to a lesser extent, GD1a increased as the latter cells became confluent. Using a monoclonal antibody assay, we found that gangliotriaosylceramide was present in all ras transfected cells studied but not in logarithmically growing untransfected cells. Interestingly, gangliotriaosylceramide appeared when the latter cells became confluent. These results indicated that ras oncogenes derived from human tumors are capable of inducing alterations in glycolipid composition. PMID- 3476928 TI - Coat protein gene sequence of tobacco mosaic virus encodes a host response determinant. AB - The common strain and tomato strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are known to be closely related to each other. However, plants with the N' gene, such as Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow, respond differently to infections by these viruses. In the N' plants, TMV-OM (common strain) spreads systemically with mosaic symptoms, whereas TMV-L (tomato strain) induces the necrotic response of plants, causing local lesions. To reveal the viral factor of TMV-L inducing the necrotic response, we have constructed several recombinant viruses between the two strains, in which TMV-L RNA was partly replaced by TMV-OM RNA. The recombinant viruses having the coat protein gene sequence of TMV-OM in place of TMV-L produced no necrotic local lesions but spread systemically with mosaic symptoms in the N' plants. On the other hand, the recombinant viruses having TMV-OM-derived sequences other than the coat protein gene sequence, and in which the coat protein gene sequence of TMV-L still remained, produced necrotic local lesions. These observations indicate that the viral factor of TMV-L responsible for the necrotic response of the N' plants is coded in the coat protein gene sequence. PMID- 3476927 TI - Early promoter-binding factor from vaccinia virions. AB - A factor, present in transcriptionally active extracts prepared from purified vaccinia virus particles, binds to vaccinia early promoter sequences. The specificity of binding was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays using the 5'-terminal segments of two early genes and related and unrelated competitor DNA fragments. DNase I "footprint" analysis indicated that the factor formed a complex with promoter regions of both genes and protected sequences of 10-15 nucleotides centered 21-24 nucleotides upstream of the RNA start sites. The lack of protection of a late regulatory sequence and of an early promoter with transcriptionally inactivating single-nucleotide substitutions suggested that the protein is an early transcription factor. When subjected to glycerol gradient centrifugation, the DNA-binding factor was resolved from RNA polymerase and sedimented as a 7.5S species with an estimated molecular weight of 130,000. PMID- 3476929 TI - Human lens gamma-crystallins: isolation, identification, and characterization of the expressed gene products. AB - We have isolated the individual gamma-crystallins expressed in young human lenses and identified with which of the six known human gamma-crystallin genes they each correspond. We find that at least 90% of the gamma-crystallins synthesized in the young human lens are the products of genes gamma G3 and gamma G4. We demonstrate that gamma G4-crystallin undergoes a temperature-dependent phase separation, and we have measured the low-concentration branch of its coexistence curve (phase separation temperature vs. concentration) up to about 40 mg/ml. By comparison, we found no evidence of gamma G3-crystallin phase separating, even at lower temperatures and higher concentrations. This is consistent with predictions based on sequence homology between human and rat gamma-crystallins. The implications of these findings for human inherited and senile cataracts are considered. PMID- 3476930 TI - Intracellular membrane flow: reconstitution of transition vesicle formation and function in a cell-free system. AB - Transfer of membrane between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in situ is considered to occur via 60-nm transition vesicles derived from part-rough, part smooth transition elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. A procedure is described for the isolation of a fraction enriched in these transition elements from rat liver. The isolated fraction generates small vesicles morphologically resembling transition vesicles when incubated with nucleoside triphosphate at 37 degrees C. In the cell-free system consisting of a donor fraction enriched in transition elements and an acceptor fraction consisting of intact Golgi apparatus immobilized on nitrocellulose strips, transfer in vitro of radiolabeled membranes was demonstrated. Nucleoside triphosphates were required for transfer, and transfer was facilitated by a cytosol fraction of Mr greater than 10,000. In the presence of both nucleoside triphosphate and cytosol, radiolabeled proteins were transferred in a manner dependent upon both time and temperature. Transfer appeared to be both vectorial and specific in that, with Golgi apparatus (or endoplasmic reticulum) as both donor and acceptor, only negligible time and temperature-dependent transfer was observed. The test system described is expected to facilitate further investigation of the transfer process and to provide a convenient assay to guide transition vesicle isolation and characterization. PMID- 3476931 TI - Selective labeling of proteins in biological systems by photosensitization of 5 iodonaphthalene-1-azide. AB - The apolar azide of 5-iodonaphthalene-1-azide (Ina) partitions into the lipid bilayer of biological membranes. Upon photolysis at 314 nm, it is rapidly converted into the reactive nitrene, which efficiently attaches covalently to lipid-embedded domains of proteins and, to a lesser extent, to membrane phospholipids. Above 370 nm, Ina absorption is negligible and photolysis at these wavelengths does not occur. However, on addition of the photosensitizing molecule 3-aminopyrene, trifluoperazine, or 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate, followed by irradiation at 380 nm, efficient conversion of Ina to reactive species was observed, as measured by [125I]Ina-labeling of membrane proteins and inactivation of the hormonal response of adenylate cyclase. Irradiation at 480 nm in the presence of a fluorescein derivative of n-undecylamine also resulted in a pattern of [125I]Ina-labeled membrane proteins and hormone uncoupling indistinguishable from that obtained following direct photolysis at 314 nm. Photosensitization of the azide molecules is confined to the vicinity of the photosensitizer chromophore. This allowed selective labeling of chromophore-bearing proteins in solution or in membranes. Bovine serum albumin-fluorescein conjugate, in the presence of nonderivatized soluble proteins, was exclusively labeled by [125I]Ina when irradiated at 480 nm, but random labeling occurred on photolysis at 314 nm. Likewise, rhodopsin in rod outer segment membranes from frog retina was exclusively labeled by [125I]Ina upon photosensitization at 380 nm. Random labeling again occurred on direct irradiation at 314 nm. The results suggest that selective labeling in complex biological systems may be achieved by photosensitized activation of azides. PMID- 3476932 TI - Molecular cloning of the cDNA and chromosomal gene for vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein of rat intestine. AB - A cDNA encoding the vitamin D-dependent rat intestinal calcium-binding protein has been isolated by screening a rat intestinal cDNA library. The cDNA is 406 nucleotides long and appears to contain all the sequences of the mRNA. The cDNA includes the entire protein coding region. It consists of 237 nucleotides coding for 79 amino acids, including the starting methionine, flanked by 62 and 107 noncoding nucleotides at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. Using the cloned cDNA, we have isolated a genomic clone from a rat liver genomic library. Restriction mapping and Southern analysis using synthetic oligonucleotides localized the gene to a 4.0-kilobase-pair HindIII fragment. PMID- 3476933 TI - Two promoter-specific host factors interact with adjacent sequences in an EIA inducible adenovirus promoter. AB - We previously reported the identification of a host factor (EIIA-EF) specific for an upstream transcriptional control sequence (-82 to -66) of the EIA-inducible adenovirus EIIA early promoter. The levels of this factor remained unchanged after virus infection of human cells. Another study also identified a factor (EIIF) specific for this same promoter, but the activity of this second factor was shown to increase severalfold after virus infection. We now show that these dramatically different results, both based on gel shift assays on the same promoter, may be explained by variations in protocol details and actually identify two distinct factors. When synthetic DNA copolymers [poly(dI).poly(dC) or poly(dI-dC).poly(dI-dC)] are used as competitors in gel shift assays, a factor specific for DNA sequences between -82 and -66 can be identified, whereas when natural eukaryotic DNAs (salmon sperm or calf thymus) are used as competitors a different factor specific for DNA sequences between -69 and -33 can be identified. We have mapped the DNA-protein contact residues for the EIIF by analyzing a series of linker scan mutants in gel shift assays and methylation interference experiments. The EIIA-EF and EIIF bind to two distinct but adjacent sequences. Competition experiments indicate that these two activities are due to two different factors. Consistent with the earlier reports, the levels of one (EIIA-EF) do not change after virus infection of human cells, whereas the levels of the other (EIIF) are increased severalfold. PMID- 3476934 TI - The erg gene: a human gene related to the ets oncogene. AB - We have isolated a cDNA clone representing the complete coding sequence of a human gene named erg, related to the ets oncogene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA (4.6 kilobases long) revealed that this gene encodes a 363-residue protein whose predicted amino acid sequence showed a homology of approximately equal to 40% and approximately equal to 70% to two domains corresponding to the 5' and 3' regions of v-ets oncogene, respectively. A 3.2- to 3.6-kilobase and approximately equal to 5-kilobase transcript of the erg gene, which differ in size from those of the previously described Hu-ets 1 and Hu-ets 2 genes, were observed in different cells. These results suggest that the erg gene is a member of the ets oncogene family. PMID- 3476935 TI - Structure of the rat ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene, a large, X chromosome linked gene with an atypical promoter. AB - Rat mitochondrial ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) is encoded by a gene located on the X chromosome and expressed specifically in the liver and small intestine; we have cloned this gene and determined its structure. The gene is 75 kilobases long and is split into 10 exons. The introns range in length from 85 bases to 26 kilobases. The sum of the total exons is 1.5 kilobases and occupies only 2% of the gene; this value being one of the lowest among genes heretofore reported. The first exon encodes most of the NH2-terminal presequence that functions as a mitochondrial targeting signal. Putative binding sites for the two substrates of the enzyme, carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine, are encoded by exons 3 and 9, respectively. A set of "CAAT box"- and "ATA box"-like sequences is present about 200 bases upstream from the 5' end of the mRNA. About 35 bases downstream from this set of putative promoter elements, an 11-nucleotide sequence around the 5' end of the mRNA reappears, as a direct repeat. This pair of direct repeats may play a role in pulling the cap site and the promoter elements together. Upstream and downstream from the 5' end of the mRNA there are several sequences that resemble the transcription factor Sp1 binding site, the enhancer core sequence, the consensus sequence for the glucocorticoid receptor binding sites, and the putative enhancer element of the antithrombin III gene, another gene that is expressed specifically in the liver. PMID- 3476936 TI - Molecular dynamics simulations of fluorescence polarization of tryptophans in myoglobin. AB - The fluorescence of heme proteins is influenced by energy transfer from the excited tryptophan to the heme. Molecular dynamics simulations of the tryptophan and heme motions in sperm whale myoglobin were used to calculate the fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decays. The side chains underwent both small rapid orientational fluctuations and large infrequent transitions between conformations. The predicted motions of the tryptophans and the heme produce large fluctuations in the instantaneous rate of energy transfer, but no stable conformations in which energy transfer is suppressed were found. The calculated fluorescence anisotropies exhibited a large subpicosecond decay, corresponding to nondiffusive side-chain motions. The calculations adequately predict the observed fluorescence decay curve for myoglobin and the total anisotropy decay at 16-ps time resolution. The subnanosecond decays of anisotropy for tryptophan-14 in tuna myoglobin are not reproduced by the calculation. PMID- 3476937 TI - Pairings and polarities of the 14 strands in sickle cell hemoglobin fibers. AB - Sickle cell anemia results from the formation of hemoglobin S fibers in erythrocytes, and a greater understanding of the structure of these fibers should provide insights into the basis of the disease and aid in the development of effective antisickling agents. Improved reconstructions from electron micrographs of negatively stained single hemoglobin S fibers or embedded fiber bundles reveal that the 14 strands of the fiber are organized into pairs. The strands in each of the seven pairs are half-staggered, and from longitudinal views the polarity of each pair can be determined. The positions of the pairs and their polarities (three in one orientation; four in the opposite orientation) suggest a close relationship with the crystals of deoxyhemoglobin S composed of antiparallel pairs of half-staggered strands. PMID- 3476938 TI - Iron distances in hemoglobin: comparison of x-ray crystallographic and extended x ray absorption fine structure studies. AB - A comparison is presented of the structures obtained around the iron atom in deoxyhemoglobin (Hb). The data come from extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies of the iron, which gave Fe-porphyrin nitrogen distances of 2.06 +/- 0.01 A, and from the most recent high-resolution x-ray crystallographic study, which gave exactly the same distance--2.06 +/- 0.02 A. The distance of Fe above the plane of the porphyrin nitrogens was 0.38 +/- 0.04 A from the crystallographic study; this value is not far from the upper limit of the distances 0.20 +/- (0.10)0.20 A calculated from the EXAFS experiment by triangulation. These distances above the nitrogen plane are shorter than those estimated in the earliest x-ray structures. PMID- 3476939 TI - Cotranslational assembly of myosin heavy chain in developing cultured skeletal muscle. AB - To examine how nascent myosin heavy chains associate with the cytoskeletons of developing muscle cells, we used pulse labeling, cell fractionation, and immunoprecipitation. More than 80% of nascent myosin heavy chains associate with the cytoskeleton. More than one-third of these nascent chains are not released by puromycin and/or RNase. The fraction of nascent heavy chains that resists release increases during development of muscle cells in culture. Treatment with cytochalasin D but not nocodazole decreases myosin heavy chain cotranslational assembly. These results indicate that (i) cotranslational assembly of myosin heavy chains is developmentally regulated, (ii) structures containing actin and not microtubules may mediate initial association of the heavy chains with the cytoskeleton, and (iii) the site of translation dictates where a significant fraction of the heavy chains will be inserted into the cytoskeleton. PMID- 3476940 TI - Origin of noncoding DNA sequences: molecular fossils of genome evolution. AB - The total amount of noncoding sequences on chromosomes of contemporary organisms varies significantly from species to species. We propose a hypothesis for the origin of these noncoding sequences that assumes that (i) an approximately equal to 0.55-kilobase (kb)-long reading frame composed the primordial gene and (ii) a 20-kb-long single-stranded polynucleotide is the longest molecule (as a genome) that was polymerized at random and without a specific template in the primordial soup/cell. The statistical distribution of stop codons allows examination of the probability of generating reading frames of approximately equal to 0.55 kb in this primordial polynucleotide. This analysis reveals that with three stop codons, a run of at least 0.55-kb equivalent length of nonstop codons would occur in 4.6% of 20-kb-long polynucleotide molecules. We attempt to estimate the total amount of noncoding sequences that would be present on the chromosomes of contemporary species assuming that present-day chromosomes retain the prototype primordial genome structure. Theoretical estimates thus obtained for most eukaryotes do not differ significantly from those reported for these specific organisms, with only a few exceptions. Furthermore, analysis of possible stop codon distributions suggests that life on earth would not exist, at least in its present form, had two or four stop codons been selected early in evolution. PMID- 3476941 TI - Evolution and maintenance of quantitative genetic variation by mutations. AB - The genotypic variance within, sigma 2w, and between, sigma 2b, random mating populations and rates and times for convergence to equilibrium values from different founder populations are formulated for an additive genetic model with an arbitrary number of alleles k, number of loci m, population size N, and mutation rate u, with unequal mutation rates for alleles. As a base of reference, the additive variance sigma 2a in an infinite equilibrium population is used. sigma 2a increases as k increases and decreases with variation in the mutation rates. Both transitional and equilibrium values of the variance within populations could be expressed as sigma 2w = (1 - theta)sigma 2a, where theta is the coancestry with mutations of individuals within populations. Thus, rates of convergence and evolutionary times are a function of those for theta, which involves both N and u. When the founder population is fixed, very long times are required to obtain a perceptible increase in sigma 2w and equilibrium values of sigma 2w are very small when 4Nu less than or equal to 10(-1). The variance between populations can be expressed as sigma 2b = 2 theta sigma 2a when the founder population is an infinite equilibrium population, and as sigma 2b = 2(theta - alpha)sigma 2a when the founder population is fixed, where alpha is a function only of u. In this latter case, rates of divergence, while affected by both N and u, are dominated by u and asymptotically a function of u only. With u = 10(-5), very long times (10(3) generations) are required for any perceptible divergence, even for N = 1-10. At equilibrium, most of the variance is between small populations and within very large populations. Migration increases the variance within populations and decreases the variance between populations. PMID- 3476942 TI - DNA methylation stabilizes X chromosome inactivation in eutherians but not in marsupials: evidence for multistep maintenance of mammalian X dosage compensation. AB - In marsupials and eutherian mammals, X chromosome dosage compensation is achieved by inactivating one X chromosome in female cells; however, in marsupials, the inactive X chromosomes is always paternal, and some genes on the chromosome are partially expressed. To define the role of DNA methylation in maintenance of X chromosome inactivity, we examined loci for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase in a North American marsupial, the opossum Didelphis virginiana, by using genomic hybridization probes cloned from this species. We find that these marsupial genes are like their eutherian counterparts, with respect to sex differences in methylation of nuclease insensitive (nonregulatory) chromatin. However, with respect to methylation of the nuclease-hypersensitive (regulatory) chromatin of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus, the opossum gene differs from those of eutherians, as the 5' cluster of CpG dinucleotides is hypomethylated in the paternal as well as the maternal gene. Despite hypomethylation of the 5' CpG cluster, the paternal allele, identified by an enzyme variant, is at best partially expressed; therefore, factors other than methylation are responsible for repression. In light of these results, it seems that the role of DNA methylation in eutherian X dosage compensation is to "lock in" the process initiated by such factors. Because of similarities between dosage compensation in marsupials and trophectoderm derivatives of eutherians, we propose that differences in timing of developmental events--rather than differences in the basic mechanisms of X inactivation--account for features of dosage compensation that differ among mammals. PMID- 3476943 TI - Allelic variation in the DR subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex. AB - Allelic variation in the DR subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex has been analyzed by nucleic acid sequencing of cDNA clones obtained from cell lines homozygous by consanguinity for all the common serological types DR1 9. Two expressed loci were identified in the haplotypes DR2, -3, -4, -7, and -9; one locus being present at a much lower frequency (4-7%) than the other. The low frequency allele was highly conserved between each of the DRw53 (DR4, -7, -9) and the DRw52 (DR3, -5, -6) haplotypes. Analysis of the variation between alleles confirms the presence of three allelic hypervariable regions. At each variable residue, a limited range of amino acid substitutions are found, distinguishing them from immunoglobulin hypervariable regions. Dinucleotide substitutions are extremely common. Individual hypervariable regions are often shared between haplotypes. Much of the variation in these alleles can be attributed to the shuffling of these regions between haplotypes, possibly by the mechanism of gene conversion. PMID- 3476944 TI - Abnormal compact myelin in the myelin-deficient rat: absence of proteolipid protein correlates with a defect in the intraperiod line. AB - The cervical spinal cords of 23-day-old myelin-deficient (md) rats, an X chromosome-linked myelin mutant, and their normal littermates were studied by light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Light microscopy showed that there were scattered myelinated fibers in the md rat, particularly in the lateral and ventral columns. Ultrastructural examination of these fibers showed that the myelin often had many lamellae that were tightly compacted, but in which the intraperiod line was abnormally fused at most places, resulting in a minor alteration of the myelin periodicity. Immunocytochemical staining of adjacent sections following a variety of fixation methods showed that the myelinated fibers were positive for myelin basic protein but negative for proteolipid protein (PLP). In situ hybridization using cDNA probes to these proteins showed a severe diminution of the mRNAs for both proteins. These findings provide further support for an abnormality in genetic regulation of PLP as has been described in another X chromosome-linked mutant, the jimpy mouse. Despite the lack of PLP, however, a few myelinated fibers are formed in the md rat, but the myelin formed in general lacks a normal intraperiod line, a site at which this protein is thought to be located. PMID- 3476946 TI - mRNA for low density lipoprotein receptor in brain and spinal cord of immature and mature rabbits. AB - Hybridization studies with [32P]cDNA probes revealed detectable amounts of mRNA for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) of rabbits. mRNA levels were highest in the medulla/pons and spinal cord, which were the most heavily myelinated regions that were studied. Lower, but detectable levels were present in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum. In the medulla/pons and spinal cord, the levels of receptor mRNA were in a range comparable to that detected in the liver. The levels of receptor mRNA in whole brain were constant from 3 days of age to adulthood and, thus, did not vary in proportion to the rate of myelin synthesis. LDL receptor mRNA in the CNS was produced by the same gene that produced the liver and adrenal mRNA as revealed by the demonstration of a deletion in the neural mRNA of Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits identical to the deletion in the LDL receptor gene of these mutant animals. Using antibodies directed against the bovine LDL receptor, we showed that LDL receptor protein is present in the medulla/pons of adult cows. The cell types that express LDL receptors in the CNS and the functions of these receptors are unknown. PMID- 3476945 TI - cDNAs for the postsynaptic 43-kDa protein of Torpedo electric organ encode two proteins with different carboxyl termini. AB - Postsynaptic membranes isolated from Torpedo electric organ are highly enriched in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and a nonreceptor protein of 43 kDa; the distribution of the 43-kDa protein and the receptor is coextensive in the electrical membrane. As a first step in understanding the regulation of 43-kDa protein expression, we have isolated and characterized 43-kDa protein cDNAs. A lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed from Torpedo californica electric organ mRNA and screened with a pool of 26-mer oligonucleotides encoding a short tryptic fragment of the 43-kDa synaptic protein. Positive clones were purified and sequenced; the amino acid sequences were deduced, and they matched chemically determined protein sequences of the 43-kDa protein. Two distinct classes of cDNAs were obtained; one class encoded a 43-kDa protein of 389 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 43,988 daltons, and another class encoded a second 43-kDa protein containing 23 additional amino acids at the C terminus. Therefore, it appears that two 43-kDa proteins with different carboxyl termini are encoded by separate mRNAs. Consistent with this idea, blot hybridization analysis revealed multiple polyadenylylated 43-kDa mRNAs in electric organ. One polyadenylylated mRNA of approximately equal to 2.0 kilobases in length was apparent in both embryonic day-11 chick muscle and the mouse muscle cell line BC3H1. PMID- 3476947 TI - Activated neu oncogene sequences in primary tumors of the peripheral nervous system induced in rats by transplacental exposure to ethylnitrosourea. AB - Neurogenic tumors were selectively induced in high incidence in F344 rats by a single transplacental exposure to the direct-acting alkylating agent N-ethyl-N nitrosourea (EtNU). We prepared DNA for transfection of NIH 3T3 cells from primary glial tumors of the brain and from schwannomas of the cranial and spinal nerves that developed in the transplacentally exposed offspring between 20 and 40 weeks after birth. DNA preparations from 6 of 13 schwannomas, but not from normal liver, kidney, or intestine of tumor-bearing rats, transformed NIH 3T3 cells. NIH 3T3 clones transformed by schwannoma DNA contained rat repetitive DNA sequences, and all isolates contained rat neu oncogene sequences. One schwannoma yielded a transformant with rat-specific sequences for both neu and N-ras. A point mutation in the transmembrane region of the putative protein product of neu was identified in all six transformants and in the primary tumors from which they were derived as well as in 5 of 6 schwannomas tested that did not transform NIH 3T3 cells. Of 59 gliomas, only one yielded transforming DNA, and an activated N-ras oncogene was identified. The normal cellular neu sequence for the transmembrane region, but not the mutated sequence, was identified in DNA from all 11 gliomas surveyed by oligonucleotide hybridization. Activation of the neu oncogene, originally identified [Schechter, A.L., Stern, D.F., Vaidyanathan, L., Decker, S.J., Drebin, J.A., Greene, M.I. & Weinberg, R.A. (1984) Nature (London) 312, 513-516] in cultured cell lines derived from EtNU-induced neurogenic tumors that by biochemical but not histologic criteria were thought to originate in the central nervous system in BD-IX rats, appears specifically associated with tumors of the peripheral nervous system in the F344 inbred strain. PMID- 3476948 TI - Tissue-specific expression of insulin-like growth factor II mRNAs with distinct 5' untranslated regions. AB - We have used RNA from human hypothalamus as template for the production of cDNAs encoding insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). The prohormone coding sequence of brain IGF-II RNA is identical to that found in liver; however, the 5' untranslated sequence of the brain cDNA has no homology to the 5' untranslated sequence of the previously reported liver cDNAs. By using hybridization to specific probes as well as a method based on the properties of RNase H, we found that the human IGF-II gene has at least three exons that encode alternative 5' untranslated regions and that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. A probe specific to the brain cDNA 5' untranslated region hybridizes to a 6.0-kilobase transcript present in placenta, hypothalamus, adrenal gland, kidney, Wilms tumor, and a pheochromocytoma. The 5' untranslated sequence of the brain cDNA does not hybridize to a 5.3-kilobase transcript found in liver or to a 5.0-kb transcript found in pheochromocytoma. By using RNase H to specifically fragment the IGF-II transcripts into 3' and 5' fragments, we found that the RNAs vary in size due to differences in the 5' end but not the 3' end. PMID- 3476949 TI - Influence of altered transcription on the translational control of human ferritin expression. AB - In this paper, we examine the response of a translational regulatory mechanism when changes in mRNA levels are induced. The gene that encodes the human ferritin heavy chain has been transfected into mouse fibroblasts. Stable transformants that express the human ferritin heavy chain have been isolated. This protein assembles into ferritin polymers and can co-assemble with host mouse ferritin. Biosynthetic rates of the expressed human ferritin varied over a wide range in response to perturbations in iron supply, but total and cytoplasmic messenger RNA levels remained unchanged. When changes in ferritin mRNA levels were induced by treatment with sodium butyrate, proportional changes in the biosynthetic rates of ferritin were observed, but the capacity for modulating biosynthesis in response to alterations in iron availability was preserved. These findings suggest that the final protein biosynthetic rate of a translationally regulated gene depends on both translational regulatory signals and underlying transcription rates. PMID- 3476950 TI - Isolation and sequence of complementary DNA encoding human extracellular superoxide dismutase. AB - A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from a human placenta cDNA library encoding extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) has been isolated and the nucleotide sequence determined. The cDNA has a very high G+C content. EC-SOD is synthesized with a putative 18-amino acid signal peptide, preceding the 222 amino acids in the mature enzyme, indicating that the enzyme is a secretory protein. The first 95 amino acids of the mature enzyme show no sequence homology with other sequenced proteins and there is one possible N-glycosylation site (Asn-89). The amino acid sequence from residues 96 193 shows strong homology (approximately 50%) with the final two-thirds of the sequences of all known eukaryotic CuZn SODs, whereas the homology with the P. leiognathi CuZn SOD is clearly lower. The ligands to Cu and Zn, the cysteines forming the intrasubunit disulfide bridge in the CuZn SODs, and the arginine found in all CuZn SODs in the entrance to the active site can all be identified in EC-SOD. A comparison with bovine CuZn SOD, the three-dimensional structure of which is known, reveals that the homologies occur in the active site and the divergences are in the part constituting the subunit contact area in CuZn SOD. Amino acid sequence 194-222 in the carboxyl-terminal end of EC-SOD is strongly hydrophilic and contains nine amino acids with a positive charge. This sequence probably confers the affinity of EC-SOD for heparin and heparan sulfate. An analysis of the amino acid sequence homologies with CuZn SODs from various species indicates that the EC-SODs may have evolved from the CuZn SODs before the evolution of fungi and plants. PMID- 3476951 TI - Effects of preventing O-glycosylation on the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a member of a family of heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones that have a common alpha subunit but differ in their hormone-specific beta subunits. The beta subunit of hCG (hCG beta) is unique among the beta subunits in that it contains four mucin-like O-linked oligosaccharides attached to a carboxyl-terminal extension. To study the effects of O-glycosylation on the secretion and assembly of hCG, expression vectors containing either the hCG beta gene alone or together with the hCG alpha gene were transfected into a mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line, IdID, which exhibits a reversible defect in O-glycosylation. Our results reveal that hCG beta can be secreted normally in the absence of its O-linked oligosaccharides. hCG beta devoid of O-linked carbohydrate can also combine efficiently with hCG alpha and be secreted as an intact dimer. We conclude that in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the hCG beta O-linked chains play no role in the assembly and secretion of hCG. The normal and O-linked oligosaccharide-deficient forms of hCG secreted by these cells should prove useful in examining the role of O-linked chains on the biological function of hCG. PMID- 3476952 TI - Inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F activity in unfertilized sea urchin eggs. AB - Extracts from unfertilized sea urchin eggs contain an inhibitor of translation that inhibits protein synthesis in cell-free translation systems from sea urchin embryos or rabbit reticulocytes. The inhibitory effects of egg extracts can be reversed by the addition of mammalian eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF-4F) in both sea urchin embryo and reticulocyte systems, suggesting that the inhibitor inactivates this initiation factor. The accumulated data suggest that the ability of eIF-4F to recycle may be compromised. The addition of eIF-4F to cell-free translation systems from unfertilized sea urchin eggs also stimulates protein synthesis. However, the stimulation does not increase protein synthetic activity in the egg cell-free translation system to the levels observed in those produced from 2-hr embryos. This suggests that, although the unfertilized egg contains an inhibitor of eIF-4F and reduced levels of eIF-4F activity, inactivation of this component is only one of the factors involved in the low rate of maternal mRNA utilization found prior to fertilization. PMID- 3476954 TI - Interferon-induced transcription of a gene encoding a 15-kDa protein depends on an upstream enhancer element. AB - A human gene encoding an interferon-induced 15-kDa protein has been isolated from a genomic library. The gene appears to be single-copy and is composed of two exons, the first of which contains the ATG translation initiation codon. In vitro nuclear run-on assays showed that the transcription rate of the gene is stimulated after interferon treatment. To analyze transcriptional regulatory sequences, we constructed recombinant plasmids for use in transient transfection assays of HeLa cells. Constructs containing 115 nucleotides 5' to the transcription initiation site were found to be fully inducible by interferon. Assays of deletion mutants identified a critical element for interferon induction located between -115 and -96, just upstream of the "CCAAT box." Moreover, a DNA fragment including this region can confer interferon inducibility on a heterologous promoter (thymidine kinase) when cloned in either orientation upstream of the gene or downstream of the gene. These are properties characteristic of an enhancer element that is active only after treatment with interferon. This regulatory sequence may be shared by a group of interferon induced genes, since a very similar sequence is present within the functional region near the RNA start site of another interferon-induced gene. PMID- 3476953 TI - Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus encodes a gene product termed tat that is able to activate viral gene expression when present in trans. The mechanism of action of the tat gene product appears to be bimodal, resulting in both an increase in the steady-state level of viral mRNA and the enhanced translation of that RNA. In this report we have examined the mechanism by which tat elevates viral mRNA levels. Data are presented demonstrating that tat acts by increasing the rate of viral transcription, rather than by modulating the stability of viral mRNA. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to show that tat is predominantly localized in the nucleus of expressing cells, a location consistent with a role in the regulation of viral transcription. These results suggest that tat could play a role in human immunodeficiency virus replication essentially similar to that proposed for the trans-acting nuclear gene products described for several other virus species. PMID- 3476955 TI - Structure of the chicken link protein gene: exons correlate with the protein domains. AB - The structure of the chicken link protein gene has been determined from a series of genomic clones that cover the entire coding region as well as the complete 3' untranslated region and a small portion of the 5'-untranslated region. The gene is greater than 80 kilobase pairs long and is present in a single copy in the chicken genome. The link protein gene contains at least five exons with four encoding the entire protein. The domain of link protein that has homologies with immunoglobulin-like proteins and the tandemly repeated hyaluronic acid binding domains are each encoded by separate exons. The exon-intron structure indicates that the link protein gene may have arisen by exon duplication and exon shuffling. PMID- 3476956 TI - Oligonucleotide sequence signaling transcriptional termination of vaccinia virus early genes. AB - In an in vitro system containing enzymes extracted from vaccinia virions, transcription of the vaccinia growth factor gene terminated approximately 50 base pairs downstream of a thymidine-rich sequence. Deletion mutagenesis suggested the presence of two tandem termination signals. The signal was identified by replacing the 3' end of the gene with the oligonucleotide AATTTTTAT that induced downstream termination. Further analysis of the transcripts formed with a series of templates containing 16 related synthetic oligonucleotides established the minimum functional termination signal as TTTTTNT, in which N represents any nucleotide. Termination efficiency may be increased, however, by the presence of an adenosine preceding the thymidine cluster. The general use of this signal at early times in infection but not at late times is supported by a survey of vaccinia virus gene sequences. PMID- 3476957 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide-inducible cytoplasmic factor involved in erythroid differentiation in mouse erythroleukemia (Friend) cells. AB - A previous report described an intracellular factor (differentiation-inducing factor I, or DIF-I) that seems to play a role in erythroid differentiation in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. We have detected another erythroid-inducing factor in cell-free extracts from dimethyl sulfoxide- or hexamethylenebis(acetamide)-treated MEL cells, which acts synergistically with DIF-I. The partially purified factor (termed DIF-II) triggered erythroid differentiation when introduced into undifferentiated MEL cells that had been potentiated by the induction of DIF-I. The activity in the extracts appeared in an inducible manner after addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or hexamethylenebis(acetamide), reached a maximum at 6 hr, and then rapidly decreased. The induction was inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and also by cycloheximide. No induction was observed in a mutant MEL cell line defective in erythroid differentiation. These characteristics are consistent with the supposition that DIF-II is one of the putative dimethyl sulfoxide-inducible factors detected in previously reported cell-fusion and cytoplast-fusion experiments. The role of DIF-II in MEL-cell differentiation and in vitro differentiation in general is discussed. PMID- 3476958 TI - Isolation of anonymous DNA sequences from within a submicroscopic X chromosomal deletion in a patient with choroideremia, deafness, and mental retardation. AB - Choroideremia, an X-chromosome linked retinal dystrophy of unknown pathogenesis, causes progressive nightblindness and eventual central blindness in affected males by the third to fourth decade of life. Choroideremia has been mapped to Xq13-21 by tight linkage to restriction fragment length polymorphism loci. We have recently identified two families in which choroideremia is inherited with mental retardation and deafness. In family XL-62, an interstitial deletion in Xq21 is visible by cytogenetic analysis and two linked anonymous DNA markers, DXYS1 and DXS72, are deleted. In the second family, XL-45, an interstitial deletion was suspected on phenotypic grounds but could not be confirmed by high resolution cytogenetic analysis. We used phenol-enhanced reassociation of 48,XXXX DNA in competition with excess XL-45 DNA to generate a library of cloned DNA enriched for sequences that might be deleted in XL-45. Two of the first 83 sequences characterized from the library were found to be deleted in probands from family XL-45 as well as from family XL-62. Isolation of these sequences proves that XL-45 does contain a submicroscopic deletion and provides a starting point for identifying overlapping genomic sequences that span the XL-45 deletion. Each overlapping sequence will be studied to identify exons from the choroideremia locus. PMID- 3476959 TI - Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs encoding the heavy chain of the human 4F2 cell-surface antigen: a type II membrane glycoprotein involved in normal and neoplastic cell growth. AB - Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding the heavy chain of the heterodimeric human membrane glycoprotein 4F2 have been isolated by immunoscreening of a lambda gt11 expression library. The identity of these clones has been confirmed by hybridization to RNA and DNA prepared from mouse L-cell transfectants, which were produced by whole cell gene transfer and selected for cell-surface expression of the human 4F2 heavy chain. DNA sequence analysis suggests that the 4F2 heavy chain cDNAs encode an approximately 526-amino acid type II membrane glycoprotein, which is composed of a large C-terminal extracellular domain, a single potential transmembrane region, and a 50-81 amino acid N-terminal intracytoplasmic domain. Southern blotting experiments have shown that the 4F2 heavy-chain cDNAs are derived from a single-copy gene that has been highly conserved during mammalian evolution. PMID- 3476960 TI - Purified membrane and soluble folate binding proteins from cultured KB cells have similar amino acid compositions and molecular weights but differ in fatty acid acylation. AB - A membrane-associated folate binding protein (FBP) and a soluble FBP, which is released into the culture medium, have been purified from human KB cells using affinity chromatography. By NaDodSO4/PAGE, both proteins have an apparent Mr of approximately 42,000. However, in the presence of Triton X-100, the soluble FBP eluted from a Sephadex G-150 column with an apparent Mr of approximately 40,000 (similar to NaDodSO4/PAGE) but the membrane-associated FBP eluted with an apparent Mr of approximately 160,000, indicating that this species contains a hydrophobic domain that interacts with the detergent micelles. The amino acid compositions of both forms of FBP were similar, especially with respect to the apolar amino acids. In addition, the 18 amino acids at the amino termini of both proteins were identical. The membrane FBP, following delipidation with chloroform/methanol, contained 7.1 mol of fatty acid per mol of protein, of which 4.7 mol was amide-linked and 2.4 mol was ester-linked. The soluble FBP contained only 0.05 mol of fatty acid per mol of protein. These studies indicate that the membrane FBP of KB cells contains covalently bound fatty acids that may serve to anchor the protein in the cell membrane. PMID- 3476961 TI - Induction of tumor necrosis factor expression and resistance in a human breast tumor cell line. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a polypeptide cytokine that is cytotoxic to some but not all tumor cells. The basis for resistance to the cytotoxic effects of this agent remains unclear. We have studied the development of TNF resistance in human ZR-75-1 breast carcinoma cells. ZR-75-1 cells have undetectable levels of TNF RNA and protein. However, TNF transcripts are transiently induced in these cells by exposure to recombinant human TNF. This induction of TNF RNA is associated with production of TNF-like protein in cell lysates and culture supernatants. Stable resistance to TNF-induced cytotoxicity develops when ZR-75-1 cells are exposed to increased concentrations of TNF. The TNF-resistant cells, designated ZR-75-1R, continuously express TNF transcripts and a TNF-like protein. Furthermore, ZR-75-1R cell supernatants contain cytotoxic activity that is abrogated by polyclonal antibody against TNF. The ZR-75-1R cells also possess TNF receptors that are occupied or down-regulated by the TNF-like protein. These findings thus suggest that (i) TNF induces TNF transcripts and production of a TNF-like protein in ZR-75-1 cells and (ii) resistance to TNF-induced cytotoxicity is associated with stable TNF expression. PMID- 3476963 TI - Evidence for a mosaic representation of the body surface in area 3b of the somatic cortex of cat. AB - A discontinuous representation of the forelimb body surface in area 3b is proposed. Two different methods were used: single-neuron receptive-field (RF) mapping in unanesthetized cats (maximal RF) and multiunit RF mapping in deeply anesthetized cats (minimal RF). Ten or more maximal RFs were sampled in each of 14 near-radial microelectrode penetrations. In 6 penetrations, the maximal RFs of all sampled neurons (despite prominent variations in RF size and shape) shared in common a small skin area--termed the "RF center." Each of the remaining penetrations had to be divided into at least two segments (6 penetrations) or three segments (2 penetrations), for all maximal RFs mapped in a segment to include a common skin site. In six penetrations, after maximal RFs were mapped, deep general anesthesia was induced and minimal RFs were mapped in the same penetration at cortical sites separated by 150 microns. Minimal RFs closely matched the RF centers defined by maximal RFs in the same penetration. In penetrations that mapped two or three RF centers, a rapid transition in minimal RF position was detected at the same cortical site where the shift in RF center was detected. Closely spaced penetrations revealed discrete cortical columns, having the size and shape of 350- to 400-microns-diameter irregular hexagons, such that the identical minimal RF was mapped at any site within a column. The forelimb body surface in cat 3b thus appears to be represented by a mosaic of discrete columns--an organization similar to the whisker representation in rodent primary somatosensory cortex. PMID- 3476962 TI - Site-directed serology with synthetic peptides representing the large glycoprotein G of respiratory syncytial virus. AB - A set of 23 nested 15-amino-acid-long peptides with overlaps of 5 amino acids, representing the complete extramembranous part of the large glycoprotein G of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, was analyzed in ELISA against different sera containing virus-specific antibodies. Seven of the peptides reacted with rabbit hyperimmune sera against purified virions. In contrast, only one of these seven peptides reacted with murine monoclonal antibodies specific for G. In connection with RS virus infections in humans, increase of antibody titers against three peptides was found in about one-third of the cases. These three peptides were included among those identified by both murine and rabbit antibodies. The present findings may open possibilities for site-directed clinical serology in the case of RS virus infections. PMID- 3476964 TI - Further evidence for a central antihypertensive effect of indorenate. PMID- 3476965 TI - Seasonal differences in the onset of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are accompanied by different survivals. AB - The results of the action of putative environmental carcinogenic stimuli on the organism were tested under natural conditions to see if they changed at different seasons. Chronopharmacological studies suggest that there are seasonal changes in response of an organism to certain hormones and different chemical and physical agents. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) seemed to be a good candidate to test for such differences since in this disease the time of clinical onset and time of diagnosis are not far apart. Furthermore, almost all these children die from this malignancy. A median follow-up of 27 months (range 1-5 years), revealed a time-related increase in survival: From a trough during November-January, there was a steady rise to a peak in August-October (44.1%, 45.7%, 66.7%, and 80.0%, respectively). It appeared that the pattern primarily was due to girls presenting at the time of diagnosis with a white blood cell count of less than 50,000 cells/mm3. The difference between the seasonal survival curves was not significant in the male patients, nor in the subgroups presenting with 50,000 or more cells. Recently, a similar circannual survival pattern was found in a subgroup of patients with advanced breast cancer. These seasonally changing survival patterns should be taken into account when composing homogenous trial groups for therapeutic experiments in ALL as well as in breast cancer. PMID- 3476966 TI - D-penicillamine effects on prostanoid production in adherent rheumatic synovial cells in primary culture. AB - The effect of D-penicillamine (DPA) on immunoreactive prostanoid concentrations was studied in a primary culture of adherent synovial cells from patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DPA in clinically achievable concentrations increased the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and reduced those of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) synthetized from endogenous substrate. The capacity for PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid was decreased by DPA. These effects may be connected with the antirheumatic and immunosuppressive action of DPA. PMID- 3476967 TI - Increased thromboxane A2 and 5-HETE production following spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. AB - Ischemia was induced for 25 min in the spinal cord of rabbits followed by a long term period of recirculation. At various time points of recirculation (5, 30 min, 4, 18 hr and 1 wk) slices were taken from the ischemic region and incubated for 45 min in Krebs-Ringer solution. The levels of the eicosanoids, PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 5-HETE accumulated in the incubation medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. TXB2, release was found to be increased at an early (5 min) and late (1 wk) period of reperfusion. A seven-fold increase in the release of 5-HETE was found 5 min after reperfusion that tended to stay elevated at 18 hr and 1 week of recirculation. PGI2 synthetase activity decreased by 40% at 30 min, with return to normal at later time points. The ratio of TXA2/PGI2 was significantly higher than control at 30 min and 1 wk. The synthesis of PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha was maintained at normal levels throughout the complete course of reperfusion. No changes in eicosanoid synthesis were noted in remote spinal cord regions. The significant increase of TXA2 synthesis at 5 min and 1 wk of reperfusion may point to a role of this arachidonate metabolite in the acute events and in the later stages of neurological dysfunction. The enhanced release of 5-HETE, a metabolite of 5-HETE, suggest an enhanced formation of leukotriene B4 and peptide leukotrienes and a potential role for these 5-lipoxygerase metabolites of arachidonate in ischemia injury to the brain and the spinal cord. PMID- 3476968 TI - Increase in thromboxane B2 and decrease in prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha release into rat bronchoalveolar fluid as a consequence of cigarette smoking. AB - Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke once daily for 4 to 8 weeks. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from each animal and assayed for immunoreactive PGE2, TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha. Significant increase in TXB2 and decrease in PGE2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 a release into bronchoalveolar fluid as a consequence of cigarette smoking were observed. These changes of arachidonate metabolites in lung alveoli may account in part for bronchoconstriction induced by cigarette smoking. PMID- 3476969 TI - Do endogenous lipoproteins modulate the sensibility of animals against arrhythmogenic drugs? AB - The present study suggests that a diminished level of HDL is connected with an enhanced susceptibility to arrhythmogenic stimuli only in rats pretreated with a diet deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but not after a PUFA-rich or pellet diet. The endogenous level of total cholesterol did not influence the thresholds for ventricular flutter or ventricular fibrillation in aconitine induced arrhythmia in rats or in ouabain-induced arrhythmia in guinea pigs. PMID- 3476970 TI - Urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level in patients with childhood leukemia/lymphoma; a possible indicator of vascular damage. AB - To determine the effect of anti-neoplastic chemotherapy on the vascular system(s) of children with leukemia/lymphoma, urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In 4 patients receiving therapy, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased to a mean of 148 (range; 126-170)% during therapy, then returned to pre-treatment level 3-5 days later. In 18 long-term survivors who had completed therapy, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was determined to be a mean of 275 (range; 52-905) ng/g creatinine, and in the healthy control children the mean was 146 (range; 71-348) ng/g creatinine. These results were contrary to our hypothesis that chemotherapy might cause a decreased synthesis of PGI2, a precursor of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha, and suggest that increased urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha reflects a vascular response to acute exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and possible vascular damage due to long-term intensive chemotherapy in pediatric patients with leukemia/lymphoma. PMID- 3476971 TI - [Peculiar forms of familial olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (Menzel type) and Joseph disease; clinico-neuropathological study of two families with nosological considerations]. PMID- 3476972 TI - Anorexia treatment based on extinction of a taste aversion: an addendum to Bernstein and Borson (1986). PMID- 3476974 TI - Personnel policies: should the dental laboratory have them? PMID- 3476973 TI - [Tomaculous neuropathy. A histopathological study and electroclinical correlates in 10 cases]. AB - Among 980 sural nerve biopsies, the nerves of 10 patients showed a great number of focal sausage-shaped thickenings of the myelin sheaths and were investigated by light and electron microscopy, teasing and quantitative studies. Single teased nerve fibres revealed myelin thickening in more than 25 p. 100 of internodes. This condition defined the tomaculous neuropathy and differed from other degenerative or toxic neuropathies which displayed a small number of internodes with myelin thickenings, in less than 5 p. 100. Segmental demyelination and remyelination were found in 12 p. 100 to 65 p. 100 of myelinated fibres. Tomaculous swellings were observed in the internodes of these fibres. Except axonal constriction within the sausage-shaped thickenings, no fibers with axonal degeneration was observed. The density of myelinated and unmyelinated fibres was normal. The loss of large myelinated fibres was interpreted as resulting from the myelinic changes. Clinical and electrophysiological data were similar in the ten cases of tomaculous neuropathies and in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, i.e.: autosomal dominant inheritance, higher incidence in males, recurrent nerve trunck and/or brachial plexus involvement related to compression, slowing of nerve conduction velocities in clinically affected and unaffected nerves more pronounced in anatomical narrow sites and increased F wave latencies. One patient (case 10) showed a mixed sensory motor progressive neuropathy but signs of widespread neuropathy were noted in more advanced cases. A great number of tomaculous swellings of myelin sheaths is considered as a specific but non constant change of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. PMID- 3476975 TI - What price will we pay? War is declared! PMID- 3476976 TI - The ideal licensure environment is here and now! PMID- 3476977 TI - Dental materials research at the National Bureau of Standards, opportunities for industry. PMID- 3476978 TI - Long-term-care insurance. PMID- 3476979 TI - The challenge of assessing and treating female incontinence. PMID- 3476980 TI - Rhode Island physicians' recognition and reporting of adverse drug reactions. PMID- 3476981 TI - Children and the space shuttle tragedy. PMID- 3476982 TI - Histometric study of root resorption on human premolars following experimental replantation. AB - A histometric method was applied for evaluation of root resorption in 57 experimentally replanted teeth and 22 controls. Representative axiobuccolingual sections were selected for measurement of resorptions at a magnification of x 40. The frequency of root resorption in the control teeth was low. In replanted teeth marked resorptive activity elicited by the trauma appeared after 2 wk. The extent of active resorptions increased until the third postoperative week. On an average 14% of the root periphery was affected at this stage. After the sixth postoperative week progressive cement deposition took place in the resorption lacunae. Incidental ankylosis of the periodontal membrane also occurred from this observation time but there was no increase among the long-term groups. PMID- 3476983 TI - Treatment of dentin with stannous fluoride--SEM and electron microprobe study. AB - The effect of SnF2-treatment of dentin surfaces was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis. Human dentin was treated with aqueous SnF2 solutions of concentrations varying from 1 to 10%. The treatment periods lasted for 1, 5, 10, or 60 min. Both tin and fluoride were identified on the surfaces. The concentration varied depending on the extensiveness of the treatment. Immersion in 1 M KOH for 15 h removed both tin and fluoride from the surfaces. This reaction was not observed after immersion in H2O for the same time period. Examination of the SnF2-treated dentin surfaces showed a dense layer of globular particles and in addition some larger particles. The dentinal tubules were totally covered even after the treatment with the lowest concentration of SnF2. Deposition of tin- and fluoride-containing globules on dentin surfaces may be of clinical interest. This layer may have importance both for the caries resistance of dentin and for hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 3476984 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of early microbial colonization of human enamel and root surfaces in vivo. AB - This study describes the pattern of microbial colonization in six dental students, who carried test pieces of enamel and root surface in intraoral acrylic appliances for 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Oral hygiene was discontinued during the experimental periods. The results showed that oral microorganisms colonized enamel and root surfaces individually. The pattern of colonization mimicked the surface structure of the tooth; on enamel surfaces the first bacteria appeared in pits and surface irregularities followed by proliferation along the perikymata, while on root surfaces bacterial colonization was characterized by a haphazard distribution. Within the initial 24-h period root surfaces were more heavily colonized than were enamel surfaces. This pattern was characteristic irrespective of differences in the intra- and interindividual rates of bacterial coverage. It is concluded that early microbial colonization in vivo is determined by the surface structure of the tooth. Consequently, natural tooth surfaces should not be replaced by artificial surfaces in structural studies of microbial deposits in the oral cavity. PMID- 3476985 TI - Prolonged oral reduction of Streptococcus mutans in humans after chlorhexidine disinfection followed by fluoride treatment. AB - The effect of oral chlorhexidine gel treatment supplemented with fluoride applications was studied in subjects with high salivary levels of S. mutans. In two experiments short-term treatment with a 1% chlorhexidine gel was followed by applications of either a 1% NaF gel daily for 2 weeks or a 1% NaF gel daily for 6 weeks supplemented twice with topical application of an 8% SnF2 solution. The salivary numbers of S. mutans were lower in the test group than in the placebo group after 6 and 12 weeks in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and considerably lower than the pretreatment values. The findings show that fluoride applications can be a valuable adjunct to chlorhexidine treatment for combatting S. mutans. PMID- 3476987 TI - Reactions of the condylar tissues to attempts to increase mandibular growth. AB - The relationship between the condyle and the glenoid fossa was changed in growing Long Evans/Turku rats by provoking an artificial cranial synostosis of the interparietal, temporoparietal and lambdoidal sutures. As a result the glenoid fossa was displaced posterosuperiorly, the length of the mandible was slightly increased and the condyle appeared flattened in shape by 50 days. The mesenchymal cell layer was thickened and chondrogenesis was disturbed. This disturbance was carried over to the cartilage in the course of growth, where it was seen in the presence of acellular and necrotic regions. The findings indicate that any attempt to increase the growth of the mandible by carrying it forwards should be executed gradually in order to allow the mesenchymal cells in the posterosuperior region of the condyle to alter their metabolism. PMID- 3476986 TI - Plasma-selenium, glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and mercury in plasma in patients allegedly subject to oral galvanism. AB - Twelve patients with subjective symptoms, ascribed by the patients themselves to mercury released from dental restorations, were investigated. In addition to a general dental examination the following parameters were registered: the total number of amalgam surfaces in the mouth; potential and polarization of existing and accessible dental metallic restorations for calculation of intraoral currents. As regards the highest calculated intraoral current for each individual there was a statistically significant difference between the patient group and a control group consisting of 12 persons. An analysis of the amount of selenium, glutathione-peroxidase and mercury in the blood showed no differences between the patient and the control group. However, a statistically significant positive correlation could be seen between the total number of amalgam surfaces and the plasma-mercury level for patients and controls pooled together. The numerous other blood parameters analyzed did not reveal any differences between the groups. PMID- 3476988 TI - Clinical signs of craniomandibular disorders patients with psoriatic arthritis. AB - 110 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) and 110 individually matched control subjects were examined for clinical signs of craniomandibular (CM) disorders. Patients with PA differed significantly from control patients as regards the range of mandibular movements, tenderness to palpation of the masticatory muscles and TMJs, and the frequency of TMJ sounds and painful mandibular movements. In the PA-group clinical signs of CM disorders correlated with the duration, extent and severity of PA. PMID- 3476989 TI - Cytotoxic effects of cobalt-chromium alloys on fibroblasts derived from human gingiva. AB - The in vitro toxicity of 15 different cobalt-chromium alloys used in removable partial dentures and dental implants was studied. The composition of the alloys was determined by X-ray spectrometry. Alloys were tested on human oral fibroblasts in low density, semiconfluent or confluent cultures. The cultures were observed in a phase contrast microscope over a period of 3 wk. The alloys could be divided into three groups depending upon the degree of cell injury evoked. Group I alloys caused no cell injury. Group II alloys caused slight to moderate cell injury seen first after 3-7 days of exposure. Group III alloys caused severe cell injury with signs of cell damage detected after 12 h and total cell death after 3-14 days. The alloys' composition varied considerably with regard to cobalt, chromium and nickel as well as other components. Nevertheless, group II and III alloys had a higher nickel content than group I alloys in general. PMID- 3476990 TI - Release of elements from some gold alloys and amalgams in corrosion. AB - The release of Au, Ag, Cu and Zn elements from six commercially available gold alloys and three amalgam alloys was studied. The polarizing electropotential system with modified Fusayama solution was used. The cycle process was repeated 500 times between +/- 1000 mV during a period of 5 h 22 min. During the process samples of solution were analyzed in order to follow the release of elements. Results revealed rapid release of Zn from most alloys, release of Ag from most alloys and release of Au from two alloys. Also, rapid release of Cu was found from amalgams but not from gold alloys. Release of Ag from gold alloys showed very good passivation up to 3 h, after which it was released in varying amounts. PMID- 3476992 TI - Dyspepsia: update on etiologic mechanisms and current therapies. Proceedings of a symposium. Copenhagen, 31 January and 1 February 1986. PMID- 3476993 TI - Epigastric distress syndrome. AB - The term 'non-ulcer dyspepsia' lacks a generally accepted definition. A broad spectrum of symptoms could be included under this heading. Therefore, a subclassification with strict and reproducible lines of demarcation is needed. The aim of a recently concluded study was to delineate the category of patients who suffer from chronic or recurrent epigastric pain without symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and without any anatomical correlates. In order to emphasize the distinction between the studied condition and the less well-defined diagnosis of non-ulcer-dyspepsia we have proposed an alternative designation, "Epigastric Distress Syndrome". The admixture of initially overlooked organic diseases seems to be almost negligible when strict criteria are used for the diagnosis. Gastric acid is probably not involved in the etiology but psychological factors seem to be crucial for the development of this condition. When specifically asked, about every third person report abdominal symptoms. Their complaints are commonly referred to as dyspepsia, but the term lacks a generally accepted definition. In practice, every possible symptom arising from the gastrointestinal tract except jaundice and bleeding could be gathered under this heading. A large number of organic diseases are conceivable causes of dyspepsia, but conditions with presumed functional etiology dominate, at least in outpatient care. In fact, the clinical diagnosis of 'gastritis', which is used to describe upper abdominal complaints without any apparent organic causes, accounts for 2% of all outpatient consultations in Sweden, and it is by far the most commonly used gastroenterological diagnosis in this country. PMID- 3476994 TI - Dyspepsia: Therapeutic response as a diagnostic tool. AB - Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is a poorly defined heterogenous condition less well suited for the conventional randomized and placebo controlled parallel type trials. We have designed a multi cross-over model (MCO-model) with the facility of providing information about drug responses in individual patients. A pilot study suggested that the model may identify individual cimetidine responders among patients with dyspepsia. Preliminary findings from an ongoing study in patients with NUD supports the existence of a subgroup of cimetidine responders characterized by gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and possibly an increased basal acid secretion. PMID- 3476991 TI - An approach to the mechanism of acute ulceration in obstructive jaundice. AB - Changes of noradrenaline (NA) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 in gastric mucosa and gastric wall blood flow (GWBF) were investigated after stress load in rats with obstructive jaundice. We found that water immersion and restraint stress more easily increased the ulcer index and decreased GWBF, corresponding to a decrease of the NA and PGE2 contents in the gastric mucosa, as the duration of jaundice increased. Administration of PGE2 reduced the increase of the ulcer index and the decrease of the GWBF and NA contents in the gastric mucosa. It is suspected that the rapid decrease of NA and PGE2 is connected with the rapid decrease of GWBF after stress load in obstructive jaundice, and we reached the hypothesis that both PGE2 and NA mutually regulate local GWBF. PMID- 3476995 TI - Dyspepsia: Future research--methodological aspects. PMID- 3476996 TI - Society, brain and gut--a psychosocial approach to dyspepsia. AB - Common denominators in the etiology of psychosocially induced ill health--in the gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere--flow from discrepancies between human ability, needs, and expectations on the one hand, and environmental demands, opportunities, and individual perception of these on the other. Pathogenic mechanisms include emotional reactions (anxiety, depression, hypochondria), behavioural reactions (abuse of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco, destructive and self destructive behaviour, and resistance to prevention, therapy and rehabilitation), and physiological reactions (neuroendocrine and immunological). Through these mechanisms, psychosocial stressors can precipitate ill health, influence well being, and modify the outcome of health action. Interacting variables (coping, social support) can buffer these effects. One of the targets of such influences is the gastrointestinal tract. Present knowledge concerning socio-psycho gastrointestinal interrelationships is far from conclusive. Some of its implications for therapeutic approaches to gastrointestinal patients are discussed. PMID- 3476997 TI - Psychosocial stressors and gastrointestinal disorders in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 3476998 TI - Epidemiological studies of the association between psychosocial factors and gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 3476999 TI - Gastrointestinal hormones and pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 3477000 TI - Basal and stimulated human gastric bicarbonate secretion. AB - The mucus-bicarbonate barrier on the gastric mucosa is regarded as a first-line of defence against acid. Both mucus and bicarbonate originate from the mucus cells in the gastric mucosa. Bicarbonate is secreted actively by Cl-/HCO3- exchange at the luminal cell membrane. A computer based system with continuous measurement of pH and PCO2 in a gastric perfusion system was used to determine human gastric bicarbonate secretion. The rate of basal gastric bicarbonate secretion in 24 healthy subjects was 386 +/- 31 mumol/h (mean +/- SEM). The 95% confidence interval for basal bicarbonate output was 103-669 mumol/h. Vagal stimulation by sham feeding increased the bicarbonate output by 63% and instillation of 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 increased the bicarbonate output by 214%. The response to vagal stimulation was independent of intragastric pH. The sham feeding response was abolished by premedication with anticholinergics. Basal and vagally stimulated bicarbonate secretion was unaffected by prostaglandin biosynthesis blockade. PMID- 3477001 TI - Algorithmic diagnosis of jaundice. AB - Extensive clinical and clinical chemical information was collected from 1002 jaundiced patients. By applying Bayes' theorem and logistic discriminant analysis, a diagnostic algorithm was developed based upon 21 of the 107 variables collected. This algorithm permitted a probabilistic classification of jaundiced patients into four diagnostic categories: acute non-obstructive, chronic non obstructive, benign obstructive and malignant obstructive jaundice. Of the 985 patients with a final diagnosis a correct probabilistic diagnosis (obstruction vs. non-obstruction) was suggested by the algorithm in 867 patients (88%). Adopting a probability limit of 0.80, 683 patients (69%) were correctly classified, 34 patients (3.5%) were wrongly so, and 268 patients (27%) could not be classified with a probability above 0.80 (doubtful cases). The algorithm was also tested in a further series of 110 jaundiced patients and found to perform equally well: 88 patients classified, 22 patients remaining doubtful. Patients with doubtful diagnoses should be referred to a non-invasive test such as ultrasound examination, whereas patients with definite diagnoses can be referred to invasive tests (liver biopsy, direct cholangiography) as appropriate. The diagnostic algorithm seems to be a valuable aid for the preliminary differential diagnosis of the jaundiced patient and can be used in the planning of a diagnostic strategy for the individual patient. PMID- 3477002 TI - Ulcerogenic drugs and antiulcer compounds: effects on gastroduodenal mucosa. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and steroids are ulcerogenic to the gastroduodenal mucosa in man although the exact incidence of drug-induced lesions is unknown. It is assumed that NSAID are ulcerogenic because they block the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thereby reducing the mucosal resistance to acid peptic digestion. NSAID inhibit recognized mucosal defense factors, such as bicarbonate transport and mucus glycoprotein production and release; they reduce the thickness of the pH-mucus barrier, interfere with cytoprotection and have antitrophic actions. Prostaglandins reverse the inhibition of defense factors by NSAID and prevent their ulcerogenic actions; they stimulate secretion of bicarbonate and glycoproteins and have trophic and cytoprotective properties. Challenge of the mucosa stimulates defense factors and prostaglandin formation in parallell; pretreatment with NSAID impairs the defensive response and reduces local prostaglandin formation. Mucosal lesions, produced by NSAID may be prevented by agents that neutralize or inhibit gastric acid, such as H2-receptor blockers, antacids and acid antisecretory prostaglandins. Compounds, which stimulate--or simulate--mucosal defense factors are also effective such as sucralfate, colloidal bismuth and prostaglandins devoid of acid antisecretory properties. Of these, several may work by increasing local prostaglandin concentration. PMID- 3477003 TI - Enhancement of mucosal defence by antacids. PMID- 3477004 TI - Functional disorders of the stomach and small bowel. PMID- 3477005 TI - Biliary motility. PMID- 3477006 TI - Therapy by drugs affecting gastrointestinal motility in patients with dyspepsia. PMID- 3477007 TI - Diagnostic outcome in patients with dyspepsia. A preliminary report. PMID- 3477009 TI - Erosive prepyloric changes (EPC)--a new entity. PMID- 3477008 TI - Gastritis--a clinical entity? AB - Clinicians, endoscopists, and pathologists define gastritis in different ways. Pathoanatomical gastritis is very common and the prevalence increases with age. Patients submitted to routine endoscopy were interviewed before endoscopy and biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and body. No correlation could be found between upper abdominal dyspepsia, endoscopic signs suggesting gastritis, and histological gastritis. Gastritis does not seem to constitute a clinical entity within non-ulcer dyspepsia. PMID- 3477010 TI - Fecal organic anions in diarrhoeal diseases. PMID- 3477011 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome. Pathogenesis and treatment. Proceedings from a symposium. Stenungsbaden, Sweden, June 5-6, 1986. PMID- 3477012 TI - Are gut peptides responsible for the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? AB - Disturbances in gut motor activity have been proposed as a characteristic phenomenon in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The symptoms are often associated with food intake. Several neuropeptides have a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on intestinal smooth muscle contraction. Studies on basal and postprandial plasma levels of different neuropeptides have therefore been performed in patients with IBS and been compared with those of a control group. In the whole group of IBS patients no typical gut hormone profile was found in plasma. When the IBS patients were divided into subgroups based on the predominant syndrome changes in the plasma levels of gastrin, motilin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were seen. In diarrhoea fasting levels of motilin and PP and postprandial level of PP were increased. In constipated patients fasting levels of gastrin and motilin and postprandial levels of gastrin, motilin and PP were decreased. Fasting and postprandial levels of gastrin were also decreased in patients with predominantly abdominal pain. PMID- 3477014 TI - The psychological facet of psychosomatic disturbances. AB - The first part of this paper deals with the psychological background to the most common difficulties in the relation between doctors and patients, particularly when the two parties disagree about the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to a psychosomatic affection. The following causes for discord are discussed: Alexithymia--a mental deficiency that obstructs the insight into the connection between emotional and physical reactions to all types of life experiences; Anal object relationships--a disturbance of the psychosexual development in early childhood, involving in particular the risk of a destructive struggle for power between the patient and the doctor; Regression--the return to a more infantile stage of behaviour in a person who had once passed that stage, involving the risk of mistrust and hatred from the patient towards a doctor whom he conceives as coldhearted and repudiating; Gain of illness--unconscious psychic defence mechanisms that are often misunderstood and may lead the unwise and unsuspecting doctor to fateful errors of treatment and management. The second part describes the tactics for a fruitful cooperation between doctor and patient in regard to the investigation and management of gastrointestinal complaints, possibly originating from psychosomatic reactions to stress and other psychological and social strains. Before the diagnosis is made, it is essential to pursue in parallel two lines of investigation--the somatic and the psychosocial--to avoid one line impeding advances along the other. When a thorough somatic examination has made it clear that the patient's complaints are not caused by an organic disease and the patient's search for a psychosomatic connection has not yet been successful, the so-called redirectional work remains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3477013 TI - Gastrointestinal motility in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often have symptoms from both proximal and distal parts of the gut. Motility disturbances have been reported to occur from the esophagus to the distal colon in IBS patients. The patients often have a decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure and various abnormalities of esophageal peristalsis. Mean transit time in the small intestine after a meal is short in patients with diarrhoea, and long in patients with constipation and pain compared with normals. IBS patients also show abnormalities of the interdigestive MMC, particularly when exposed to stressful stimuli. Previous studies of the colonic oscillating control potential suggested an increased prevalence of 3/min. slow waves in IBS patients compared with normals, but later studies could not confirm this. Long time measurements with multiple electrodes along the colon show a high prevalence of short-lasting segmental contractions in constipated patients, while both short and long-lasting contractions are decreased in painless diarrhoea. Rectal recordings in IBS patients have shown an increased contractile response up to 3 hrs after a meal. --The disturbed gut motility in IBS patients seems to be due no neural influences rather than strictly myogenic factors. PMID- 3477015 TI - Diagnostic decision-making in the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Diagnostic classification problems and work towards a positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome are reviewed. The absence of a biochemical or morphological marker for this syndrome has led several authors to apply multivariate statistical models in the search for a combination of symptoms that could help in distinguishing the irritable bowel syndrome from other causes of dyspepsia. Despite some limited success in experimental studies the clinical value of porported combinations remains to be proved. Diagnosis of the irritable bowel still rests upon the recognition of key symptoms, rules of thumb, and the exclusion of organic disease. PMID- 3477016 TI - Clinical strategy in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - The clinical strategy in the treatment of patients having the irritable bowel syndrome is especially important since it is often a psychosomatic disorder. The basis for clinical work with these patients depends very much on the doctor's attitude and the respect for the patients and their symptoms. Some practical guidelines with personal flavour from the work with patients having irritable bowels are discussed. PMID- 3477017 TI - An approach to the design of therapeutic trials in IBS. AB - The lack of easily definable end points and the variable clinical presentation make it difficult to design appropriate therapeutic trials for the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In this article. I have described the approach that our unit have taken. Aspects of trial design that are important include the selection of those who present with frequent (greater than 3 times a week), and long standing symptoms (greater than 6 months), the inclusion of a baseline as well as a placebo period so that placebo response can be assessed, a flexible dose regime, concomitant measurement of relevant physiological changes and assessment of the response of individual symptoms as well as global response so that the indications for a particular type of treatment can be determined. PMID- 3477018 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)--definition and pathophysiology. AB - The article presents some individual perceptions of the nature of the disease we call the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and attempts to rationalise the variable presenting features, the influence of the psyche and the lack of pathological or biochemical markers. Among the topics discussed include the existence of recognisable subsets of the disease, the influence of mental stress, and the pathophysiology of the presenting symptoms. My impression is that IBS is a condition, in which the gut is hypersensitive and hyper-reactive to mechanical and chemical stimuli and as such, can be compared with asthma in the respiratory system. This hyper-reactivity could be caused by increased mucosal permeability, increased numbers and/or responses of effector cells such as mast cells or enterochromaffin cells, and enhancement of intrinsic nerve reflexes by increased activity of efferent vagal fibres. PMID- 3477020 TI - The utilization of antenatal care in the prevention and intervention of the consequences of parental alcohol use. PMID- 3477019 TI - University of Rochester Child and Family Study: risk research in progress. AB - The University of Rochester Child and Family Study (URCAFS) is a risk research program concerned with cross-sectional and developmental relationships among three areas: parental psychopathology and health, family system functioning and dysfunctioning, and child psychopathology and health. The preliminary findings indicate that both parental psychopathology and family variables predict significantly to independent measures of school functioning of index sons during their childhood and early adolescence. Although the offspring have not yet reached the age of major risk for schizophrenia, 52 percent of the families have one or more offspring either in psychiatric treatment or for whom treatment had been recommended. PMID- 3477021 TI - Kleine-Levin syndrome: a review. PMID- 3477023 TI - Medical imaging in lung cancer. AB - The routine imaging work-up of suspected lung cancer should include posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs and, in most cases, a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the entire thorax and adrenal glands. In asymptomatic patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, there is justification for doing routine contrast-enhanced CT examination of the brain. Further imaging workup will be suggested by the patient's history, physical findings, and laboratory findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest in patients with lung cancer is being investigated, but current studies comparing it with CT demonstrate no definite advantage at this time, with the possible exception of the lung apex in which T1 weighted thin-section coronal views are useful. PMID- 3477022 TI - Case report 432: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). PMID- 3477024 TI - Rapid developing of Ektaspeed dental film by increase of temperature. AB - Three rapid developing solutions and one standard solution were tested for contrast and fog with Ektaspeed film at temperatures ranging from 15 degrees to 30 degrees C. Temperatures below 18 degrees C were found to give extremely long developing times, more than 3 minutes with rapid developers, and were not recommended. In the interval between 21 degrees C and 24 degrees C the standard developer needed 3.5-2.5 minutes to get optimum contrast. Two rapid developers needed 1.5 minutes and the fastest 1 minute to get satisfactory contrast throughout this temperature range. A further increase of the temperature gave only a marginal time saving with the rapid solutions and was not considered worthwhile. The relation between developing time and temperature for the rapid developers had a very steep gradient below 21 degrees C, while it levelled out at room temperature. For the standard developer the time/temperature function had a more even gradient from 7.5 minutes at 15 degrees C to 1.5 minutes at 27 degrees C, i.e. an average reduction of 0.5 minute per degree. Between 27 degrees C and 30 degrees C the gradient levelled out. The fog did not increase significantly until at 30 degrees C or at more than double the optimal developing time at room temperature. Recommendations of optimal developing time of Ektaspeed film at different temperatures are given for the four tested developing solutions. PMID- 3477025 TI - A retrospective study on the relevance of the dental curriculum in general practice. AB - The undergraduate dental curriculum in Swedish dental schools has recently been changed. The aim of this study was to estimate the opinions of recently qualified dentists concerning their undergraduate education received according to the old curriculum. A questionnaire was mailed to all graduates who qualified from the dental school in Huddinge between 1981-1983. The response rate was 71%. The respondents indicated that their theoretical knowledge was in general better in subjects closely related to clinical dentistry compared with basic biological subjects or behavioural science subjects. In most subjects clinical competence was closely related to the level of theoretical knowledge. The results of this study suggest that the "old" dental curriculum was successful in imparting knowledge concerning traditional dental subjects and preventive dentistry, but less successful in imparting knowledge concerning basic and medical sciences, behavioural subjects and in relating theoretical and practical skills. PMID- 3477026 TI - Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with chronic facial pain and mandibular dysfunction. AB - Ten patients with chronic facial pain and long lasting mandibular dysfunction symptoms were treated with acupuncture. All patients, two men and eight women aged between 39 and 71 years (mean = 51.0 years), exhibited a complex pain symptomatology with, basically, daily constant pain with an average duration of 13 years. The patients had resisted all previous conventional stomatognathic treatment. The symptoms and signs were evaluated before and immediately after treatment and at follow-ups three and seven months later. Four methods were used for evaluating the effect of the treatment. Subjective evaluation according to a 6-graded verbal scale. Clinical dysfunction index according to Helkimo (1974). Intensity of pain according to a visual analogue scale (VAS-scale, Pilowsky & Kaufman, 1965). Medicine consumption. Six to eight acupuncture treatments were given at one week intervals. The acupuncture points were stimulated both manually and electrically for 30 minutes with a frequency of approximately 2-3 Hz and 20 30 mA. All patients reported some degree of subjectively experienced improvement. Four felt much better and six somewhat better. At the follow-ups the same reports were given with the exception for one patient who reported unchanged discomfort. The objective criteria used for assessment of a favourable response to treatment were fulfilled by three patients immediately after treatment and at 3, 7 and 14 months after treatment. No significant negative effects of the treatment were recorded. It is concluded that acupuncture may be a realistic alternative to other, conventional stomatognathic treatment for some patients with long lasting chronic facial pain. PMID- 3477027 TI - Fluoride clearance of whole saliva in young school children after topical application. AB - The importance of fluoride in the saliva after topical F-application has been a matter of discussion in recent years. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the elevation and clearance of fluoride in whole saliva in 24 seven year-old children, 5, 30 and 120 minutes after the following topical fluoride treatments. Exp. 1: chewing F-tablets - (0.25 mg F - ACO); Exp. 2: sucking F tablets - (0.25 mg F - Fludent); Exp. 3: F-chewing gum - (0.25 mg F - Fluomin); Exp. 4: F-mouthrinsing - (0.2% NaF); Exp. 5: F-toothpaste - (250 ppm F - ACTA); Exp. 6: F-toothpaste - (1000 ppm F); Exp. 7: F-varnish - (2.3% F - Duraphat). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed "the time factor" was statistically significant. The interaction between "time factor" and "treatment factor" is obvious. After F-varnish (Duraphat) and F-mouthrinsing treatment there was a significantly increased fluoride concentration in the saliva even after 120 minutes compared to the other treatments. After F-varnish treatment, the concentration in saliva two hours after application was statistically significantly higher than for the other treatments. The mouthrinsings resulted in comparison to the F-varnish in a lower F-concentration after 30 and 120 minutes which however was statistically significantly higher than the F-concentration following the other treatments. No statistical difference was found between F applications after 30 and 120 minutes. PMID- 3477028 TI - [Neoplastic form of chronic erythromyelosis (erythrosarcoma) with eosinophilia and cardiac lesions]. AB - The paper is concerned with a case history of a 24-year old man suffering from chronic erythromyelosis with erythrokaryocytic metaplasia of the peripheral lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, liver, heart and lungs. The hypereosinophilic syndrome and endocardial fibrosis caused diagnostic difficulties. A short-term effect after injection of the plasma from a patient with erythrocytic aplasia containing antierythroblastic antibodies was obtained, tumor tissue mass reduced. Later on courses of CAMP-therapy were initiated. The progression of disease resulted in the patient's death in 2 years. PMID- 3477029 TI - [Characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of secondary pneumonia in acute leukemia]. AB - The authors presented the results of clinical observations and autopsy findings concerning the peculiarities of the development, diagnosis and treatment of secondary pneumonia in acute leukemia with pulmonary complications. Immunological disorders in patients with pneumonia in acute leukemia (general-changes in the levels of lysozyme, complement, immunoglobulins, T-lymphocytes, lymphocyte blast transformation reaction; local-morphological changes, changes in the content of lysozyme, acid phosphatase activity, bronchoalveolar wash-off) were shown. A study of bronchoalveolar washes-off showed a clinical efficacy of a method of endobronchial injection of leukocytic mass for pneumonia in acute leukemia. PMID- 3477030 TI - [Criteria for differentiated approaches to the therapy of lymphoblastic leukemia in adults]. AB - The results of programmed therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 31 adult patients were analyzed. Ph-positive ALL were marked in 5 patients. Low hemosuppressive induction, heavy consolidation and multidrug maintenance therapy was used. Complete remissions were obtained in 18 patients, their median time was 18 months (from 2 to 46 months). The patients were divided into groups with a good, intermediate and poor prognosis on the basis of an immunological ALL variant, the presence or absence of basal hyperleucocytosis and Ph-chromosome. Data on adequate therapy for each group were presented. PMID- 3477031 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of blasts in lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma]. AB - The authors investigated morphocytochemical and immunological indices of blast cells of 81 patients with acute leukemia and 70 patients with lymphosarcoma at the stage of leukemization. Blast cells in acute leukemia were shown to have the phenotype of early hemopoietic precursors whereas in lymphosarcoma blasts were more differentiated. Morphologically in leukemia blasts were characterized by homogeneity, and in lymphosarcoma by considerable polymorphism and a higher mitotic activity. PMID- 3477032 TI - [Gallium-67 citrate scanning in the differential diagnosis of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and specific lung lesions in patients with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 3477033 TI - [Participation of leukocytes in primary hemostasis]. AB - Introduction of a hemolysate of erythrocytes and ADP in the plasma containing leucocytes and platelets results in the formation of mixed-cell (leucocytic thrombocytic) aggregates, aggregation rate depending on the number of leucocytes involved. In healthy donors this process is ensured equally by both cell types. In inflammation and especially in chronic myelocytic leukemia leucocytes play the main role in mixed-cell aggregation. Aggregate formation in such patients is characterized by a high intensity which may be related with an increase in total function of pathological leucocytes. PMID- 3477034 TI - Is dentistry an art? PMID- 3477035 TI - The job applicant: matching words with worth. PMID- 3477036 TI - Disabled: it could happen to you--it did to me! PMID- 3477037 TI - Dental disabilities of veterans. PMID- 3477038 TI - Noradrenaline and local anaesthesia: a review of the literature and a clinical evaluation. PMID- 3477039 TI - The initial colonisation of the tooth surface by bacteria in the saliva. PMID- 3477040 TI - Tongue flap, buccal fat pad attachment for recurring oro-nasal fistula. PMID- 3477042 TI - Intraosseous implants: a 14-year case report. PMID- 3477041 TI - A microbiological investigation of post-extraction bacteraemia in black subjects. PMID- 3477043 TI - Determination of an appropriate size of unrelated donor pool to be registered for HLA-matched platelet transfusion. AB - HLA-matched platelet transfusions from related or unrelated donors are effective in correcting bleeding tendencies of alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. To supply HLA-matched platelets, registration of unrelated HLA-typed donors and selection of compatible donors are necessary and practical considering HLA polymorphism. In this study, the frequencies of each possible HLA phenotype and of corresponding possible compatible donors were calculated with a computer from the table of frequencies of HLA-A and -B haplotypes. Appropriate sizes of such donor pools were theoretically evaluated in Japanese as well as in European Caucasoid and in North American Caucasoid populations. To enable more than 80 percent of patients to get more than five completely compatible donors, only 5000 donor candidates would be necessary for the Japanese population, whereas 18,000 and 25,000, respectively, would be required for European Caucasoid and North American Caucasoid populations. PMID- 3477044 TI - Isolated testicular leukemic relapse. Response to radiation therapy. AB - Between January, 1975, and December, 1984, at the University of Michigan Medical Center, 17 boys with leukemia presented with overt or occult isolated testicular relapse. Diagnosis was obtained by bilateral open-wedge biopsies of the testes. All the patients were treated with combined local testicular irradiation and systemic chemotherapy. In only 1 of the 17 patients (6%) testicular leukemia developed as the only site of relapse. It appears that doses in the range of 2,000 to 2,400 cGy in 10 to 12 fractions achieve optimum control of leukemic infiltration of the testes. PMID- 3477046 TI - MRI of congenital spinal lesions. PMID- 3477045 TI - [X-ray study of the thoracic organs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3477047 TI - Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma involving the hepatic vena cava (using cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia, cardiac arrest). PMID- 3477048 TI - Staphylococcus aureus: a common virulent cause of bacteremia. PMID- 3477049 TI - [Features of the distribution of HLA-antigens among patients with endogenous psychoses]. AB - Distribution of HLA antigens of A and B loci was studied in 200 schizophrenics, 77 patients with manic-depressive psychosis of different forms, and in 350 healthy individuals. The findings included a significant elevation in the levels of the B7 antigen in both groups of patients, of antigen B12 in individuals with paroxysmal schizophrenia as well as a decrease in the concentrations of antigen B35 in recurrent schizophrenia. Patients with monopolar manic-depressive psychosis showed increased content of antigen B14 and decreased levels of antigen B5. The data obtained confirm heterogeneity of endogenic psychoses with regard to this sign. PMID- 3477050 TI - [Changes in neurovegetative regulation in the Tourette syndrome (according to ECG findings)]. AB - The authors compared the ECG patterns in 13 patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) and in 9 patients with temporal epilepsy before and after the administration of atropine. It was found that slowing down of the cardiac rhythm in patients with TS is caused by the prolongation of the period of electrical diastole TP. The P wave was significantly depressed while the T wave was somewhat elevated. Atropine showing a considerable influence on all ECG elements induced the most marked changes in TS patients which is considered as evidence of an increased tone of the vagus nerve in these patients. The electrocardiographic findings allow a conclusion about the normal or even somewhat elevated sympathetic tone of patients with TS. It is suggested that increase in the parasympathetic tone may be secondary to weakened central cholinergic processes while a complex of the peculiarities associated with TS may be considered as physiologic evidence of the shift of the neuromediator balance in the direction of dopaminergic processes with a simultaneous deficit of the central cholinergic component. PMID- 3477051 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin release during persistence of the corpus luteum in sheep. AB - Oxytocin (OT), progesterone and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) concentrations were measured in the utero-ovarian vein (UOV) of ewes which displayed persistence of the corpus luteum (CL). During the period of expected luteolysis, the frequency of OT and PGF2 alpha pulses in the UOV was significantly (P less than 0.005 for both) lower in ewes with persistent CLs, compared with ewes that underwent normal luteal regression. In contrast, the amplitude of both OT and PGF2 alpha pulses was similar in both groups of animals. It is suggested that persistence of the CL resulted from a decreased PGF2 alpha pulse frequency, which may have arisen from a decreased frequency of stimulation by OT. In two persistent CL ewes, however, it appeared that a failure at the level of the uterus may have contributed to the observed decrease in PGF2 alpha release. Although a PGF2 alpha analogue (Lutalyse) infusion into the uterine vein of two ewes with persistent CLs failed to induced luteolysis, it did stimulate a large release of OT into the UOV. This suggests that persistent CLs maybe more resistant to PGF2 alpha and, that at day 22 post-oestrus, these CLs are capable of releasing large quantities of OT into the UOV. PMID- 3477053 TI - [Dentistry U.S.A.: a model in crisis]. PMID- 3477052 TI - Ofloxacin versus doxycycline in gynecological infections. AB - 40 patients were investigated with either ofloxacin (2 X 20 mg/7d) or doxycycline (2 X 100 mg/7d). E. coli (28 from 61 strains) was the predominant strain isolated. Microbiological efficacy: 51 from 61 strains were eliminated: 29 from 32 strains in the ofloxacin group and 22 from 29 strains in the doxycycline group. Two patients in the ofloxacin and four in the doxycycline group were not cured. There were two side effects (sickness) in the doxycycline and two in the ofloxacin group. PMID- 3477054 TI - [Epithelial attachment]. PMID- 3477055 TI - Three cases of secondary leukemia. Clinicopathologic findings. AB - Three cases of secondary leukemia developing after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for myeloma, mycosis fungoides, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reported. The first case was a 51-year-old man with IgG-lambda myeloma, treated with melphalan and prednisolone, who developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia 54 months after the diagnosis of myeloma. The second case was a 54-year-old woman with mycosis fungoides treated with radiation, predonine, and cyclophosphamide, who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 298 months after the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. The third case was a 35-year-old woman with stage IV non Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with VEMP who developed acute myelogenous leukemia 26 months after the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. All cases showed pancytopenia and two of three cases had morphologic abnormality in several hemopoietic cell lineages in the leukemic stage. There is a possibility that second malignancies are an increasingly recognized complication in the patients treated with a large amount of chemo-radiotherapy. PMID- 3477056 TI - Actions of some vasodilators on isolated human hand veins. AB - Vasospasm is a well recognized complication during microvascular surgery of the hand. In the search for new spasmolytic drug therapies, the effects of papaverine, nitroprusside, nimodipine and lidocaine on isolated human hand veins contracted by several postulated mediators of vasospasm were examined. Mechanical activity was recorded isometrically in ring segments of the vessels. Potassium ions, noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) all produced strong contractions that were highly dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Papaverine acted as a nonselective vasodilator, as it produced an almost identical inhibition of contractile responses to all examined stimulants. Nitroprusside inhibited contractions induced by agonists more than those evoked by K+, whereas the opposite was found for nimodipine. Nitroprusside also seemed to display a certain degree of selectivity among the agonist-induced responses (NA greater than PGF2 alpha greater than 5-HT). Lidocaine increased the contractile response to K+ and at high concentrations (greater than 10(-5) M) produced a contraction per se. The clinical efficacy of lidocaine as a vasodilator after topical application therefore seems to reflect an inhibitory action on vasoconstrictor nerves. Papaverine, nitroprusside, nimodipine and lidocaine differ considerably in their profiles of action and therefore deserve to be further evaluated in the treatment of vasospasm during microvascular surgery. PMID- 3477058 TI - Pain: a medical and anthropological challenge. Proceedings of the First Convention of the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica. Bonn, September 25-28, 1985. PMID- 3477059 TI - Psychological determinants in chronic pain. PMID- 3477057 TI - Assessment of mental health and illness, considered in the light of a 13-year longitudinal study (mental health of the Finnish student. Follow-up, report III). AB - The present study forms part of a longitudinal study of mental health and covers a period of 13 years. Two fundamental findings were obtained in the present work. The first of these was in brief that the development of mental disorders and occurrence of symptoms increase with age. The other finding was that men and women differ in many ways from each other in terms of the nature of mental health. We might say that healthy as well as perhaps more disturbed narcissism takes different forms in women and men. Women are more faithful to tradition, men's interest is more directed toward social concerns and object relationships. Women are more practiced in self-observation, while men resort to action and somatization. Women's symptoms are dominated by fear and worry, while men, following tradition have to mask their fears. PMID- 3477060 TI - Sociopsychosomatic aspects of individual, familial and national suffering and pain. PMID- 3477061 TI - Difficulties in psychotherapy of victims of man-made disasters. PMID- 3477063 TI - The interpretation of pain: the point of view of Catholic theology. PMID- 3477062 TI - Models of pain and suffering: foundations for an ethic of compassion. PMID- 3477064 TI - About anthropology of pain: view of Protestant theology. PMID- 3477066 TI - Pain: points of view of Islamic theology. PMID- 3477065 TI - Pain and suffering: views of Jewish theology. PMID- 3477067 TI - Hindu philosophy on pain: an outline. PMID- 3477068 TI - A Chinese perspective on pain. PMID- 3477069 TI - Pain and Japanese Zen. PMID- 3477070 TI - Pain understanding and suffering considered by an agnostic. PMID- 3477071 TI - Pain: a case study for the mind-body problem. PMID- 3477072 TI - Pain and language. PMID- 3477073 TI - Pain understanding and treatment--an interdisciplinary challenge. Summary of a round table and general discussion. PMID- 3477074 TI - Inauguration of the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica. The aims of the Academy. PMID- 3477075 TI - The anthropological challenge of pain. PMID- 3477076 TI - Externally portable and implantable devices for continuous delivery of analgetics. PMID- 3477077 TI - Correlates of eating related difficulties among college students: a preliminary investigation. AB - In this preliminary correlational study, sex, dieting, and rigorous eating were compared to three types of eating related difficulties (binge eating, general symptoms of anorexia nervosa, and more specific obsessions about food and weight). As predicted, significant correlations were obtained between being female, dieting, and more rigorous styles of eating and scoring higher on measures of these eating related difficulties. In addition, there were significant correlations between predictor variables. Females reported more dieting and more rigorous eating. Dieting and rigorous eating also were somewhat related. When extent of dieting and rigorous eating was controlled, the association between being female and scoring higher on these measures was somewhat reduced. The association between being female and binge eating no longer retained significance. PMID- 3477078 TI - [Orthodontics without appliances]. PMID- 3477079 TI - [Objective assessment of the potentials of therapeutic sagittal action on the maxilla]. PMID- 3477081 TI - Prospects for immunological intervention in human schistosomiasis. Proceedings of a meeting of the Scientific Working Group on Schistosomiasis, UNDP/WORLD BANK/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Geneva, 26-28 May 1986. PMID- 3477080 TI - [Prevention of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 3477082 TI - Immunization with schistosome membrane antigens. PMID- 3477083 TI - Gender-specifically expressed genes in Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Using a genomic gene bank in phage lambda and two cDNA banks in the expression vector lambda-gt11 we have cloned and characterized genes that are expressed preferentially or exclusively in females. One of these genes transcribes two predominant RNA molecules of 0.8 and 3.9 kb which comprise more than 5% of the mRNA population of adult female worms. Transcription of these two RNAs occurs in close proximity on the genome, probably in an overlapping fashion. Experiments are presently in progress to sequence the genes and to produce antibodies against their polypeptide products which will be used to determine in which tissue and at what time in development these genes are expressed. The gene products are probably used for egg shell formation. The final long-term perspective of this project is to interfere with the schistosome parasite's cycle and to reduce its pathogenicity by interrupting egg production. PMID- 3477084 TI - Detection of HTLV-III antibody in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS with the use of a commercial test system. AB - Sixty-one paired sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were tested for the presence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III) antibodies. Of 16 sera negative for HTLV-III antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the corresponding CSF results were also negative. Forty-two of 45 (93%) CSF specimens tested (in which the corresponding sera were HTLV-III antibody positive) were positive by ELISA. Western blot analysis (WB) of 24 paired specimens, as well as retrospectively acquired case histories, confirmed the results obtained by ELISA. PMID- 3477085 TI - The influence of functional appliance therapy on glenoid fossa remodeling. AB - This study investigates the remodeling changes in the condyle and glenoid fossa following a period of progressively activated and continuously maintained mandibular advancement using the Herbst appliance. Progressive mandibular advancement was achieved by adding stops to the telescopic arms of the appliance, with the total activation reaching 7.0 to 10.0 mm, dependent upon the length of the treatment phase. This mandibular advancement produced extensive remodeling and anterior relocation of the glenoid fossa, which contributed to anterior mandibular positioning and altered jaw relationships. PMID- 3477086 TI - Recording the dental cast in three dimensions. PMID- 3477087 TI - Craniofacial characteristics of subjects with normal and postnormal occlusions--a longitudinal study. AB - Lateral skull radiographs of 85 growth study children taken at 5, 10, and 15 years of age, with normal/Class I occlusion (normal) and Class II, Division 1/Division 2 occlusion (postnormal) were digitized and analyzed by means of stepwise discriminant analysis. The cranial base angle proved to be the best discriminator between the two groups, the value at age 5 years being an accurate predictor of the occlusal type at 15 years in 73% of subjects. Although the majority of subjects grew predictably, their craniofacial characteristics being compatible with their ultimate occlusal type, 17% showed a growth trend from postnormal to normal and 9% a trend from normal to postnormal. By 15 years of age, only 8% of subjects possessed an occlusion at variance with their facial type. The cranial base angle is suggested as the fundamental determinant of jaw relation, but in some subjects this may be compensated by differential jaw growth manifested by a change in angle ANB. PMID- 3477088 TI - The response of human pulpal tissue after orthodontic force application. AB - Previous investigations have dealt with significant alterations in pulpal respiration associated with dental materials and methods. The purpose of this investigation was to note if significant alterations in pulpal respiration remained after the insult had been removed. A rest period of 1 week was chosen to evaluate the pulpal respiration response after application of an initial 72-hour orthodontic force. A radiorespirometric method was used to determine differences in experimental and control pulpal tissue respiration rates within individuals. These data showed that the mean respiration rates of experimental pulpal tissue compared with control pulpal tissue remained depressed approximately 33.2% after the 7-day rest period. However, it was found upon further investigation that there were really two groups present--one that had returned to normal respiration rates and one that did not within a 1-week rest period. Age and apical opening size correlated with the return of the respiration rates to normal during the 1 week rest period. Age was negatively correlated with respiration rate and apical opening size correlated with the return of the respiration rates to normal during the 1-week rest period. Age was negatively correlated with respiration rate and apical opening size was positively correlated with respiration rate. PMID- 3477089 TI - A new orthodontic force system of magnetic brackets. AB - Tooth movement in orthodontic treatment is achieved by a combination of mechanical and physiologic forces acting on the teeth and their supporting structures to effect the biologic changes that cause teeth to move through bone. Traditional orthodontic appliances using wires, springs, and elastic forces inevitably cause some degree of discomfort and pain. In the present study, a new magnetized edgewise bracket was designed. The magnet works to move teeth mesiodistally and is not merely a mechanical force. It is well adapted to the biophysical system of tooth and bone interrelationships. Therefore, it works effectively, gives less discomfort, and produces less stress for the patient. The new magnetic appliance provides a force system that approaches the ideal orthodontic requirements. PMID- 3477090 TI - Two treatment approaches for missing or peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors: a case study on identical twins. AB - Patients with missing or malformed maxillary lateral incisors can be successfully treated by either replacing or restoring the lateral incisor, or by positioning and reshaping the canine to simulate the lateral incisor. Identical twins were treated, one by restoring "peg laterals" to normal contours and the other by repositioning and recontouring the canines to simulate missing lateral incisors. Results of treatment would tend to indicate that considerations other than changes in facial esthetics should determine the treatment of choice. PMID- 3477091 TI - The challenge of change: forty years in retrospect. PMID- 3477092 TI - Dental school enrollment--does it conform to supply and demand? PMID- 3477093 TI - Re: Surgical repositioning of impacted mandibular second molar teeth. PMID- 3477094 TI - Lower first premolar extraction. PMID- 3477095 TI - Re: An ABO case report. PMID- 3477096 TI - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4) and translocation t(6;9)(p23);q34): two additional patients with prominent myelodysplasia. AB - Two patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4) and a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9)(p23;q34) are reported and compared to 21 AML patients with the same translocation collected from the literature. Our observation suggest that AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34) is characterized by myelodysplasia, basophilia, and a variety of blast cell morphologies (M1, M2, M4) with a greater proportion of the cases than previously appreciated being examples of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4). The consistent association of myelodysplasia provokes the proposal that this subtype of de novo AML is a result of an acute stem cell disorder. The poor outcome with standard AML chemotherapy experienced in this group of relatively young patients necessitates consideration of alternative therapeutic strategies such as early bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3477097 TI - DSLINK: a computer program for gene-centromere linkage analysis in families with a trisomic offspring. AB - Trisomic individuals provide information for gene-centromere mapping, since two of the four chromatids in a meiotic tetrad can be recovered. When centromeric markers are available, linkage analysis between the centromere and any marker locus can be performed in nuclear families having one or more trisomic offspring. Since conventional linkage programs consider only disomic individuals, we have written a FORTRAN computer program, DSLINK, that performs gene-centromere linkage analysis on the basis of information on trisomic and disomic offspring. This program makes it possible to study the relationship between recombination and chromosome segregation. PMID- 3477098 TI - Linkage analysis in spinopontine atrophy: correlation of HLA linkage with phenotypic findings in hereditary ataxia. AB - Because linkage has been reported between HLA and the locus for hereditary ataxia in some families, we studied a 3-generation kindred in which several individuals had dominantly inherited spinopontine atrophy. Affected family members had upper and lower limb ataxia, hypoactive reflexes, loss of proprioception, dysarthria, dysphagia, and pronounced extraocular movement abnormalities. Linkage analysis, based on 25 markers in 28 people, gave strongly negative results with both HLA (z less than -2.0 for theta less than 0.15) and GLO1 (z less than -2.0, theta less than or equal to 0.01). The highest LOD score was for linkage to GPT on chromosome 16 (z = 0.42, theta = 0.0). To assess the relationship between HLA linkage and phenotype, 4 published kindreds with adequate clinical and neuropathological descriptions were used for comparison to the present family. Persons in the 3 families showing evidence for HLA linkage had clinical and pathologic changes consistent with olivopontocerebellar atrophy, type 1. The conditions in the 2 "nonlinked" families were phenotypically distinct from the HLA-linked condition with respect to extraocular movement findings and peripheral sensory nervous system signs. They differed markedly from each other in neuropathologic changes. PMID- 3477099 TI - Interstitial deletion of chromosome 2 (p23p25). AB - We report a patient with a de novo interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 2 (p23p25). The patient had microcephaly with prominent forehead and occiput, narrow rectangular face, clinodactyly, failure to thrive, delayed psychomotor development, and seizures. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein was undetectable at 18 weeks of gestation. Heterozygosity at the red cell acid phosphatase locus (SRO-2p25) and normal levels of red cell malate dehydrogenase (SRO-2p23) are findings consistent with the presence of genetic material from bands 2p25 and 2p23. PMID- 3477100 TI - Deletion of 2p: a cytogenetic and clinical update. AB - The locus for acid phosphatase (ACP1) had been alternately assigned to two conflicting regions on the short arm of chromosome 2. We present a clinical and cytogenetic report of one patient who has an interstitial deletion of 2, del(2) (p23p25.1), and a cytogenetic study of another cell line with an interstitial deletion of 2p (p23.1p25.1). Because both patients are heterozygotes for ACP1, the assignment of ACP1 to 2p25.1----pter is supported. PMID- 3477101 TI - Acting alone. PMID- 3477102 TI - Free radical-producing enzyme, xanthine oxidase, is undetectable in human hearts. AB - Samples from four human hearts were analyzed for both their xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase content. We used the conventional spectrophotometric assay and a more sensitive fluorometric assay to determine the content of enzyme in these samples. In no case could any activity be detected. We conclude that human hearts must contain less than 2.0 nU/g of activity. This makes it unlikely that xanthine oxidase is a significant source of O2 free radicals in the ischemic human heart or that xanthine oxidase inhibitors will be of therapeutic value in that setting. PMID- 3477103 TI - Clinical comparison of Tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. AB - The authors report on 16 outpatients with Tourette's disorder, 16 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 16 normal control subjects who underwent structured interviews and psychological testing. Previous findings of a high incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with Tourette's disorder were confirmed. There was a significantly greater incidence of tics in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relatives. Both patient groups had high rates of unipolar depressive and generalized anxiety disorders. Panic and phobic disorders were frequent in the patients with obsessive compulsive disorder but not in the patients with Tourette's disorder. The patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed less coprolalia, echo phenomena, self-destructive behavior, and childhood attention deficit. PMID- 3477104 TI - A 20-month follow-up study of 628 women with eating disorders, I: Course and severity. AB - A national sample of 628 women with eating disorders completed questionnaires in 1982 and again in 1984. According to initial simulated DSM-III diagnoses, 34 had anorexia nervosa with bulimic features, 392 had normal-weight bulimia, and 202 had a subdiagnostic eating disorder. Most respondents in the latter two groups met some criteria for alternative eating disorders. At follow-up, 29% of the anorexia nervosa group and 43% of the normal-weight bulimia group had improved enough to be classified as having a subdiagnostic disorder. Respondents who sought professional help between the initial survey and follow-up reported no more improvement than those who did not seek help. PMID- 3477105 TI - Complications of intrahospital transport in critically ill patients. AB - To determine the frequency of hemodynamic and respiratory complications during movement within the hospital, we conducted a prospective study involving 36 critically ill, ventilator-dependent patients who needed procedures done outside the intensive care unit. During the first 20 transports, patients received ventilation through a manual resuscitation bag. Arterial blood gas measurements showed frequent changes from baseline with alterations in PCO2 (greater than 10 torr) or pH (greater than 0.05) occurring on 14 occasions. In a subsequent study, 16 patients received ventilation during transit with the aid of a portable mechanical ventilator. Although 6 patients showed changes in arterial blood gas values, mean changes in PCO2 and pH were significantly less than in the group that received manual ventilatory support. (p less than 0.01). Hemodynamic complications of hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia showed a significant correlation with disturbances in arterial blood gases (p less than 0.05). Although limited by the lack of a control period, this study shows that the transport of critically ill patients may result in severe hemodynamic complications; it also suggests that these complications might be prevented by more careful monitoring of ventilation. PMID- 3477106 TI - Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with isotretinoin. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of oral isotretinoin in refractory advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. DESIGN: Case series trial. SETTING: Tertiary care center at a university hospital. PATIENTS: A consecutive collection of four patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin who failed to respond to standard surgical or radiation therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Isotretinoin in gelatin capsules was given at a total daily dose of 1 mg/kg body weight in two divided doses for at least 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bidimensional tumor measurements at monthly intervals showed striking responses to isotretinoin in all four patients. Response durations ranged from 2 to more than 23 months. The drug produced reversible moderate mucocutaneous side effects and asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Impressive responses to isotretinoin occurred in our four patients and in six of ten other reported patients. Retinoic acid's mechanisms of action in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is not precisely known, but may involve the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors and certain protein kinases. These in-vitro findings and the clinical data suggest that retinoids may be an effective and well-tolerated therapy for refractory advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The absence of any other effective systemic therapy indicates the need for continuing trials with retinoids in this disease. PMID- 3477108 TI - Antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus in women seeking abortion in New York City. PMID- 3477107 TI - Azidothymidine associated with bone marrow failure in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed severe pancytopenia (hemoglobin, less than 85 g/L; granulocytes, less than or equal to 0.5 X 10(9)/L; platelets, less than or equal to 30 X 10(9)/L) 12 to 17 weeks after the initiation of azidothymidine (AZT) therapy. The bone marrow was markedly hypocellular in three patients and moderately hypocellular in the fourth. Partial bone marrow recovery was documented within 4 to 5 weeks in three patients, but no marrow recovery has yet occurred in one patient during the more than 6 months since AZT treatment was discontinued. Azidothymidine should be used cautiously, with close monitoring of blood values. PMID- 3477110 TI - Perspectives in biological dynamics and theoretical medicine. PMID- 3477109 TI - Nonlinearities and complex behavior in simple ecological and epidemiological models. PMID- 3477111 TI - Adaptive dynamic networks as models for the immune system and autocatalytic sets. PMID- 3477112 TI - Compatibility tests on immunological control loops. PMID- 3477113 TI - Dynamical diseases. PMID- 3477115 TI - Fractal modeling of biological structures. PMID- 3477114 TI - Universal bifurcations and the classification of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 3477116 TI - Applications of nonlinear dynamics to clinical cardiology. AB - (1) Nonlinear mechanisms may apply both to the understanding of SA-AV node interactions and to bifurcations leading to certain types of AV block. (2) The fractal His-Purkinje system serves as the structural substrate for the generation of the broadband, inverse power-law spectrum of the stable ventricular depolarization (QRS) waveform. (3) Fractal anatomy is also seen in multiple other systems: pulmonary, hepatobiliary, renal, etc. Fractal morphogenesis may reflect a type of critical phenomenon that results in the generation of these irregular, but self-similar structures. (4) Self-similar (fractal) scaling may underlie the 1/f-like spectra seen in multiple systems (e.g., interbeat interval variability, daily neutrophil fluctuations). This fractal scaling may provide a mechanism for the "constrained randomness" that appears to underlie physiological variability and adaptability. (5) Behavior consistent with subharmonic bifurcations is seen in cardiac electrophysiology (e.g., sick sinus syndrome) and hemodynamic perturbations (e.g., swinging heart phenomenon in pericardial tamponade). (6) Ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with sudden cardiac death (e.g., torsades de pointes, ventricular fibrillation) appear to reflect relatively periodic, not chaotic (turbulent) processes resulting from disruption of the physiologic fractal depolarization sequence. (7) Spectral analysis of Holter monitor data may help in the detection of patients at high risk for sudden death. PMID- 3477117 TI - Fractal time and 1/f noise in complex systems. PMID- 3477118 TI - Chaos in coupled optimizers. AB - Autonomous optimizers, a subclass of dynamical systems, arise on the intersection between artificial intelligence and deductive biology. Two simple optimizers coupled symmetrically a la Rashevsky give rise to chaotic attractors and (possibly) cloud attractors. More complicated autonomous optimizers (endowed with internal simulation) will be subject to more complicated interactional function changes. Humanistic ideas of Mead and Bateson may come within scientific reach. Conversely, the physical measurement problem may turn out to belong partly to the humanities. PMID- 3477119 TI - Models of affect-response and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3477120 TI - A model for dysfunctions in smooth pursuit eye movement. AB - In this paper, I have introduced and solved a simple deterministic model of eye tracking that produces rich dynamical behavior. Some of its main features, notably the existence of a chaotic regime, are reminiscent of the anomalies reported in smooth pursuit eye tracking experiments with schizophrenia patients. By obtaining the state diagram of such a model as a function of target frequency and amplitude, we showed the existence of a chaotic regime characterized by a strange attractor in phase-space and associated random velocity arrests in the eye dynamics. Moreover, the power spectrum contains features similar to those reported in the literature. The correctness of this model could in principle be determined by performing experiments where the target parameters (i.e., amplitude and frequency) could be varied in a systematic manner and by taking Poincare maps from the corresponding time series. Although the present status of such experiments prevents us from verifying the validity of the model, the available data does not seem to contradict the main predictions. Furthermore, we showed that the inevitable noise expected to be present in actual experiments would only enhance the observability of our predictions. If this model were proven incorrect, then the focus of research into mechanisms will have to shift into a search for an intrinsic source of the fluctuations. If, on the other hand, this deterministic theory has any validity, it will point to the nonlinearities in eye tracking mechanisms as the main culprits for the observed anomalies. PMID- 3477122 TI - Dimensionality of the human electroencephalogram. PMID- 3477121 TI - Discovering order in chaos: stable self-organization of neural recognition codes. PMID- 3477123 TI - Cytotoxic potential of ketonucleosides. AB - The relationship between the structure of ketonucleosides and cytotoxicity was investigated in Friend leukemia cells (FLC). When cells were grown in the continuous presence of ketonucleosides, it was shown that the addition of an electrophilic agent (Br-) to the sugar moiety (compound KN-35) increased the cytotoxic potential by ten fold as compared to the unsubstitute compound (KN-43). In contrast, addition of 0-acetyl group (compound KN-3) reduced this effect by three fold. When cells were pre-treated with KN-35, followed by growth in drug free medium, cell survival was inhibited by 50% (ID50) after 3 min, whereas the same effect was reached after 240 min pre-treatment with KN-43. When drugs were pre-incubated in serum-free medium prior to cell exposure, reduced cytotoxicity was observed. We therefore conclude that the activity of these ketonucleosides may be related to the rate of in fact drug incorporation. PMID- 3477124 TI - Low-dose cytosine arabinoside (LD-Ara C) treatment in dysmyelopoietic syndromes (DMPS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). AB - The effect of low-dose Ara C (LD-Ara C) (10 mg/m2 q 12 hr s.c.) for a minimum of 10 days was evaluated in 21 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 15 patients with dysmyelopoietic syndromes (DMPS). Median age (range) for AML patients was 47 yrs (19-89), and for DMPS-patients 60 (22-78). From the AML group, 9 patients were either primary refractory or resistant to intensive re induction treatment of relapse, 6 others had heavy pretreatment, 1 suffered from myelosclerosis. Five AML-patients had no pretreatment at first presentation and were started on LD-Ara C because of old age (3) or poor condition (2) including 1 patient with a secondary leukemia. DMPS included those with RAEB (8) and RAEB in transformation (7). 12 patients with AML and 4 with DMPS displayed a leukocytosis of greater than 10 X 10(9)/l. Three out of 21 AML-patients reached complete remission (CR), one of them twice, with partial remission (PR) at the third attempt with this type of treatment. Two other AML-patients reached a P.R. of 5 and 1 months duration respectively. Three patients experienced a transient response characterized by improved peripheral blood counts and cessation of transfusion requirements, one of them for 12 months. In 5 AML-patients no effect was seen and 8 pts. died. In the DMPS-group, 5/15 patients reached C.R., one patient twice with the same treatment, 1 patient reached a P.R., 1 improved, 6 showed no effect, and 2 died. In 13 patients final examination of the bone marrow was not performed after treatment because of either early death or obvious progression. Treatment was associated with significant, transient hematologic toxicity. Patients suffering from DMPS had prolonged aplasia and required more blood and platelet support than pts with AML. Responding leukemia patients had a rapid hematologic regeneration. Considering the poor prognosis of both of our treatment groups, this therapeutic approach proved to be of considerable benefit. PMID- 3477126 TI - X-linked ichthyosis due to steroid sulfatase deficiency associated with hypogonadism and anosmia. PMID- 3477125 TI - Adult-onset spinocerebellar syndrome with idiopathic vitamin E deficiency. AB - A 62-year-old man and his maternal uncle had a selective vitamin E deficiency without generalized fat malabsorption. A progressive neurological disorder comprising ataxia, areflexia, and loss of proprioception developed in their sixth and seventh decades. The vitamin E deficiency is thought to be due to abnormally accelerated utilization, excretion, or degradation of the vitamin. This adult onset spinocerebellar syndrome is due to vitamin E deficiency not caused by malabsorption. PMID- 3477127 TI - The expandable prosthesis. An alternative to amputation for children with malignant bone tumors. PMID- 3477128 TI - Severe vasculitis during isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 3477130 TI - Reciprocal potentiation of a vasoconstrictor response between 5-hydroxytryptamine and clonidine in the perfused mesenteric vascular bed of the rat. AB - The interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and clonidine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, was investigated in the isolated perfused mesenteric vascular bed of the rat. Clonidine itself did not cause vasoconstriction even at 300 micrograms. However, clonidine in the presence of 5-HT (10 and 100 nM) caused a marked vasoconstriction in a dose range of 0.1 micrograms to 300 micrograms. Prazosin inhibited the clonidine response, whereas yohimbine did not. The potency of prazosin against clonidine was less than that against an alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Therefore, it is suggested that clonidine activated alpha 1-like adrenoceptors. 5-HT also potentiated the vasoconstrictor response to perivascular nerve stimulation, exogenous norepinephrine (NE) and phenylephrine. Calcium entry blockade by nicardipine (0.1 microM) reduced the response to clonidine in the presence of 5-HT, whereas that to phenylephrine in the presence or absence of 5-HT was not reduced. On the other hand, clonidine (0.01-1 microM) potentiated the vasoconstrictor effect of 5-HT more than NE did. Ouabain (1 microgram/ml) enabled clonidine to exhibit an agonistic action, and also enhanced the contractile response to 5-HT. In conclusion, 5-HT modulated the vasoconstrictor effect of clonidine, and the vasoconstriction with 5-HT was also facilitated by clonidine reciprocally. It is possible that a partial depolarization of the cell membrane is the common mechanism for their reciprocal potentiation. PMID- 3477129 TI - Genetic susceptibility to toxic epidermal necrolysis. AB - The pathophysiologic events leading to toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) remain unknown. With the idea of an immunologically mediated reaction occurring in predisposed subjects we performed HLA-A, -B and -DR typing in 44 patients surviving TEN. We observed a significant increase of only HLA-B12, previously found associated with ocular complications of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. When patients were stratified according to the drugs involved as causes for their TEN, we found other HLA phenotypes associated with B12, varying with each category of drugs. Sulfonamide-related cases of TEN were linked to A29, B12, and DR7, while oxicam-related cases of TEN were linked to A2 and B12. These results suggest that a genetic background, related to the major histocompatibility complex, may contribute to severe blistering drug reactions. PMID- 3477131 TI - Salsalate exacerbation of chronic renal insufficiency. Relation to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Nonacetylated salicylates have not been reported to cause the hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. A 73-year-old woman with a creatinine clearance of 0.33 mL/s (20 mL/min), hypertension, and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease developed reversible renal insufficiency when her dose of salsalate was increased to 4.5 g/d (serum salicylate concentration, 2.22 mmol/L [30.7 mg/dL]). Under close observation the patient was re-treated with lower doses of salsalate while renal function and the urinary excretions of prostaglandins were monitored. The excretion of prostaglandin E2 decreased abruptly while the excretion of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha decreased more gradually as the dose of salsalate was increased. Renal function appeared to decline in parallel with the decrease in 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and recovered rapidly after discontinuation of salsalate therapy. Nonacetylated salicylates can cause a hemodynamically mediated acute renal failure in patients at risk for this nephropathy. PMID- 3477132 TI - Population genetics in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. VII. Frequencies of ABO, Rh(D), MN, Kell and other genetic traits in patients with allergy. PMID- 3477133 TI - Antigenic phenotype of the myeloid leukaemic cells defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The antigenic characteristics of the leukaemic cell population in 31 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and 5 patients with acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL) was investigated using a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies (Mc Abs). We chose 14 Mc Abs that react with lineage--and stage related myeloid antigens and L243 Mc Ab that reacts with HLA-DR antigen. In AML cases we correlated the antigenic phenotype with morphological FAB classification. The study indicates a substantial antigenic heterogeneity of the surface antigen expression on leukaemia cells particularly in M1, M2 and M4 AML cases. The morphological subtype of these leukaemias tended to correlate with the immunologic phenotype, particularly in more differentiated AML cases such as M3 or M5. The most immature cell phenotype characterised "undifferentiated" AML, which was expressed by the reactivity or L243, BI3C5, MY9, VIM-2 and S3-13 Mc Abs with the majority of the patients. The analysis shows that although there is a tendency for the morphology to correlate with the surface antigen phenotype each morphological group contains patients having different surface antigen phenotype. PMID- 3477134 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum]. PMID- 3477135 TI - [Keratocysts: primordial cysts? Nosological problems and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3477136 TI - [Recent findings in the etiopathogenesis of cysts of dental origin]. PMID- 3477138 TI - [Current data on parotin and parotin-like substances. I: Chemistry and metabolism]. PMID- 3477139 TI - [The human meso-ethmoid cartilage]. PMID- 3477137 TI - [Biological effects of dental materials: allergic manifestations and organ distribution of freed corrosion products of metal alloys]. PMID- 3477140 TI - [TMJ dysfunction syndrome: etiological implications of stress and psycho emotional disorders]. PMID- 3477141 TI - [Congenital orbital anomalies: changes in eye position after monobloc orbital osteotomy]. PMID- 3477142 TI - [Focus of oral pathology: epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 3477143 TI - [Proposed method of iontophoretic administration of drugs into the gingival mucosa]. PMID- 3477144 TI - [Epithelial kinetics of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 3477146 TI - [Hand, foot and mouth disease]. PMID- 3477147 TI - [Current data on parotin and parotin-like substances. II: Biologic activity of parotin and parotid-pancreatic relations]. PMID- 3477145 TI - [Behavior to variations in pH of bacterial flora in necrotic root canals. Microbiological study]. PMID- 3477148 TI - [Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3477149 TI - [The muscle test in TMJ dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 3477150 TI - [Changes in the functions of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3477151 TI - [A particular method of topical application of drugs to the gingival mucosa]. PMID- 3477153 TI - The primate as a model for hazard assessment of teratogens in humans. PMID- 3477152 TI - On the role of calcium in chemical toxicity. PMID- 3477154 TI - A clinician's view of teratogenesis. PMID- 3477155 TI - Embryotoxic action of beta-aminopropionitrile during early organogenesis in rats. PMID- 3477156 TI - Prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate: effects on ultrasonic vocalization and locomotor activity in rat offspring. PMID- 3477157 TI - The comparative effects of cytotoxic agents on the numbers of oocytes in mice. PMID- 3477158 TI - Development of a method for assessing the acute toxicity of chemicals on early post-implantation embryos. PMID- 3477159 TI - The "giant" yolk sac: a model for studying transport across extra-embryonic membranes. PMID- 3477160 TI - The effect of ethanol on the growth of rat embryos: the role of stage dependency and hyperosmolality. PMID- 3477161 TI - Modification of teratogenic action in vitro due to reduced culture medium serum content. PMID- 3477162 TI - In vitro teratogenicity of parbendazole. PMID- 3477163 TI - Predictive tests for occupational allergies. PMID- 3477165 TI - Myco-protein: safety evaluation of a novel food. PMID- 3477164 TI - Toxicological evaluation of biotechnology products: a regulatory viewpoint. PMID- 3477166 TI - The toxicology of the end products from biotechnology processes. PMID- 3477167 TI - A dynamic liver culture system: a tool for studying chemical biotransformation and toxicity. PMID- 3477169 TI - Sex-related interactions of cadmium and lead in changing cardiovascular homeostasis and tissue metal levels of chronically exposed rats. PMID- 3477168 TI - Comparison of three assays of picogram amounts of residual cellular DNA in biological products from continuous cell lines. PMID- 3477171 TI - Intrapulmonary pretreatment by metal-fume components causing inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 3477170 TI - Cytotoxic, irritant and fibrogenic effects of metal-fume particulate materials investigated by intramuscular injection in the rat and guinea pig. PMID- 3477172 TI - The effect of lead and aluminium on rat dihydropteridine reductase. PMID- 3477173 TI - Intestinal absorption of aluminium in rats: effect of sodium. PMID- 3477175 TI - The effect of solvents on the toxicity of DDT to fish cells. PMID- 3477174 TI - Neurotoxicity of a spent phosphoric acid catalyst. PMID- 3477176 TI - The effect of the cholinergic neurotoxin ECMA on neural function in brain reaggregate cultures. PMID- 3477177 TI - Enzymic deglycosylation of ricin lowers its uptake by rat liver non-parenchymal cells. PMID- 3477179 TI - Effects of metronidazole, azanidazole, and azathioprine on cytochrome P450 and various mono-oxygenase activities in hepatic microsomes from control and induced mice. PMID- 3477180 TI - An animal model of cisplatin-induced magnesium deficiency. PMID- 3477181 TI - Quantitative methods for assessing the effects of some anticancer drugs on mouse spermatogenesis. PMID- 3477178 TI - Mutagen activation by hepatic fractions from conventional, germfree and monoassociated rats. PMID- 3477182 TI - Comparative effects of mitozolomide (M & B 39125, NSC 353451) and a series of standard anticancer drugs on mouse testis. PMID- 3477183 TI - 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: toxicity and metabolism in rat testicular cell cultures. PMID- 3477184 TI - Pulmonary toxicity of naphthalene derivatives in the rat. PMID- 3477185 TI - Toxicology information for the Canadian workforce. PMID- 3477186 TI - Predicting the safety of medicines from animal toxicity tests. I. Rodents alone. PMID- 3477187 TI - Apoptosis: cell death under homeostatic control. PMID- 3477188 TI - Predicting the safety of medicines from animal toxicity tests. II. Rodents and non-rodents. PMID- 3477190 TI - Nisoldipine, a new calcium antagonist, elevates plasma levels of digoxin. PMID- 3477189 TI - Comparative activation of paracetamol in the rat, mouse and man. PMID- 3477191 TI - Lipid parameters of a non-human primate following administration of a high fat diet. PMID- 3477192 TI - Immunological studies in asthmatics exposed to allergens. PMID- 3477193 TI - Macrophage migration inhibition test to evaluate the sensitizing potential of drugs in the guinea pig. PMID- 3477194 TI - An evaluation of the Toxichromotest, a bacterial toxicity bioassay, and an assessment of its potential use in human poisoning. PMID- 3477195 TI - Cell membrane toxicity detected with the chromium-51 release test. PMID- 3477196 TI - An inert mixture for solubilizing lipophilic drugs in cell culture assays. PMID- 3477197 TI - Han/Wistar rats are exceptionally resistant to TCDD. II. PMID- 3477198 TI - Structure activity requirements for induction of peroxisomal enzyme activities in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 3477199 TI - Oxidative and reductive biotransformation of chloroform in mouse liver microsomes. PMID- 3477200 TI - Effects of subchronic low-protein diet on some tissue glutathione-related enzyme activities in the rat. PMID- 3477202 TI - Persistent organ damage and cancer production in rats and mice. PMID- 3477201 TI - Quantitative evaluation of DNA-binding data in vivo for low-dose extrapolations. PMID- 3477203 TI - Sensitivity of DNA and nucleotides to oxidation by permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 3477204 TI - A postlabelling assay for N7-(2-oxoethyl)guanine, the principal vinyl chloride DNA adduct. PMID- 3477205 TI - Comparison of hydrocarbon--DNA adducts formed in mouse and human skin following treatment with benzo [A] pyrene. PMID- 3477206 TI - [Changes in the cytologic and electrophysiologic parameters of rat oocytes in response to prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2]. AB - Influence of prostaglandins F-2 alpha and E-2 on ovulation character and on the state of the ovulated gametes has been studied in rats at the preovulatory period (the preparations have been injected for 3 days, beginning from the 1st day of early proestrus). Under the effect of prostaglandins the amount of postovulated ova decreases, especially in the animals given prostaglandin E-2. Inhibition of ovulation in these animals is accompanied with an increased part of hyperpolarized ova, appearance of some signs of degeneration in the group of depolarized oocytes and absence of oocytes with polarized membrane at the metaphase I stage. These facts can be interpreted as desynchronization of maturation processes and ova ovulation. Mechanisms of the changes revealed in the ovulatory process and the state of gametes under the prostaglandins effect are discussed. PMID- 3477207 TI - Metabolic differences between saliva from caries-active and caries- and restoration-free children. AB - Sucrose consumption and lactic-acid production by saliva, and the effects of pH, were first evaluated by radio-isotope techniques in populations of caries- and restoration-free (CF), and caries-active from sucrose than saliva from CA subjects. Sucrose consumption also was significantly greater in saliva of CF subjects. These results occurred at pH 7.2 but not at pH 6.0 and 5.0. Lactic acid, total volatile products and carbon-dioxide (CO2) production by saliva were then evaluated in different CF and CA populations of children. Metabolic parameters in the presence and absence of salivary supernatant (SS) also were determined. Saliva of these CF subjects also formed significantly more lactic acid from sucrose than did CA subjects. The presence of SS increased lactic-acid formation in this saliva; the increase was significant in CF subjects. Total volatile products and CO2 were greater in saliva of CF subjects but were not affected by SS. Partial microbial characterization of each salivary specimen was conducted in both series of experiments. CF subjects harboured less Streptococcus mutans (parts I and II), total lactobacilli (parts I and II) and Actinomyces species (part II) than CA subjects. Differences for lactobacilli in the first population and Actinomyces species in the second were significant. PMID- 3477208 TI - Ultrastructural changes during the life cycle of human odontoblasts. AB - In developing premolars there are four successive stages of odontoblasts related to their location within the tooth, namely pre-odontoblasts, secretory, transitional and aged odontoblasts. Pre-odontoblasts are at the growing tip of the root; they are immature and slightly polarized. They become fully differentiated to give rise to the most active, secretory stage when primary dentine is produced. After completion of primary dentine formation in the coronal region, the aged odontoblasts have a reduced number of organelles which are relocated within the infranuclear region. This final stage is regressive and results from an autophagic process that is prominent in the transitional stage. PMID- 3477209 TI - A polarized light and scanning electron microscopic study of sodium-fluoride treated, acid-etched, caries-like lesions of human enamel. AB - Precipitation of reaction products into the surface zone and the superficial aspect of the body of the carious lesion occurred after NaF treatment of etched lesions. Surface porosities were noted when NaF treatment was preceded by acid etching with unbuffered phosphoric acid, which may allow acid-resistant resin bonding to the lesion surface and adjacent sound enamel. PMID- 3477211 TI - A comparative electromyographic and kinesiographic study of deliberate and habitual mastication in man. AB - Twelve healthy, fully-dentate subjects participated in experiments which included the continuous recording of surface electromyography and jaw movement during habitual and deliberate right-sided or left-sided chewing of a coherent bolus. Analogue data streams were converted to digital values. Root-mean-square (r.m.s.) muscle-activity traces were computed from raw electromyographic data. The working side was defined as the side from which the mandible approached the position of occlusal stoppage when in the most cranially directed part of the chewing cycle. In any given muscle, greater mean peak r.m.s. activities were found with ipsilateral than contralateral bolus replacement (p less than 0.01, s); such differences were more pronounced for the masseter than the anterior temporal muscles. During habitual chewing, mean peak r.m.s. activities exceeded the value established by deliberate mastication with ipsilateral bolus placement in 27 of 48 muscles; this may be because of more vigorous chewing during habitual performance. No subject was strictly unilateral in their preference for bolus placement and in 6 of the 12 subjects, there was a timed side-switching of the bolus within the masticatory sequence. The results also indicated that any averaging of data based upon time-amplitude alone would be inappropriate for habitual chewing because of the call for different working sides within a particular masticatory sequence. Thus a new data format based upon numerical representation of the electromyographic activity against time was introduced. PMID- 3477210 TI - Specific assays for peroxidases in human saliva. AB - The peroxidase activity in human whole saliva is due to salivary peroxidase and, in some cases, myeloperoxidase; it is usually determined by spectrophotometric methods based on the rate of oxidation of chromogen substrates. Thiocyanate ion, a normal component of saliva, interferes with these kinetic assays by competing with the chromogen for the available oxidizing equivalents; this results in underestimation of peroxidase activity. Both salivary peroxidase and myeloperoxidase will catalyse the peroxidation of the thiocyanate ion; the product, hypothiocyanite ion, is a reactive oxidizing agent. We have developed an assay for total peroxidase activity in saliva, based on the rate of formation of hypothiocyanite, which is not affected by the concentrations of thiocyanate found in saliva. Myeloperoxidase will catalyse the peroxidation of the chloride ion but salivary peroxidase will not; the product of this in neutral solution is the hypochlorite ion, which is also a reactive oxidizing agent. The specific contribution was determined of myeloperoxidase to total peroxidase activity in saliva by measuring the rate of both hypochlorite and hypothiocyanite formation. Because the thiocyanate ion will compete with the chloride ion, the concentration of thiocyanate in saliva samples must be reduced below 0.05 mM prior to measurements of the rate of hypochlorite formation. PMID- 3477212 TI - 36Cl- and 86Rb+ uptake in rat parotid acinar cells. AB - 36Cl- uptake was markedly (85 per cent) inhibited by the loop diuretics, furosemide and bumetanide. Partial replacement of Na+ in the incubation medium (from 137 to 5 mM) reduced 36Cl- uptake 30 per cent; total replacement reduced uptake to 40-45 per cent of control values. Partial replacement of K+ (from 5.8 to 1 mM) decreased 36Cl- uptake approx. 45 per cent; complete replacement resulted in minimal levels of 36Cl- uptake (less than 10 per cent of controls). Ouabain reduced 36Cl- uptake approx. 55 per cent in the absence of bumetanide, but was without effect in its presence. 86Rb+ uptake was reduced approx. 85 per cent with bumetanide; complete replacement of Cl- with I- or gluconate-, decreased 86Rb+ uptake by 55 or 40 per cent respectively. The results support the notion that the bulk of Cl- influx in rat parotid acinar cells is via a loop diuretic-sensitive Na+/K+/Cl- co-transport mechanism as may occur in other secretory epithelia. PMID- 3477213 TI - Protein conformation in rat tooth enamel. AB - Orientated 0.47 nm reflections in X-ray diffraction patterns of developing rat tooth enamel were confirmed using a wide range of specimen preparations and experimental conditions. This indicates that some of the organic matrix proteins adopt a beta-sheet conformation. PMID- 3477214 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of developing human deciduous incisor teeth. AB - The mineralized parts of the teeth of 17 human fetal dentitions, aged 15-38 weeks, were measured mesio-distally and occluso-cervically. The growth pattern of the incisors, with particular emphasis on the changes at the developing incisal edge was studied. Contralateral teeth in the same arch developed at approximately the same rate and with mirror-image morphology. Mineralization started in the upper and lower central incisors, followed by the corresponding lateral incisors. It then progressed at approximately the same rate for both incisors. At first, mesio-distal enamel growth was more significant, but was surpassed by occluso cervical development later. Five development stages were identified as the incisors developed from a central lobe to the mature form. The main component of growth for the mesial lobe was in the incisal direction, and for the distal lobe in a distal direction, resulting in the characteristic approximal asymmetry of these teeth. PMID- 3477215 TI - Lipid composition and viscosity of parotid saliva in Sjogren syndrome in man. AB - Extraction of the dialysed and lyophilized saliva of patients with this syndrome by chloroform-methanol yielded 15.9 +/- 2.4 mg of lipid/100 ml of secretion, a level 2-times higher than in normal individuals. The saliva of such patients also had 3-times more glycolipid and 20-times more phospholipid than normal, but differences in the content of neutral lipids were less apparent. The neutral lipids, however, had higher proportions of glycerides, and lower proportions of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters than normal. Viscosity measurements, made with a cone/plate viscometer at shear rates between 1.15 and 230 s-1, revealed similarities between the saliva of normal individuals and Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3477216 TI - An ultrastructural study of phagocytosis in bone by osteoblastic cells from fetal mouse calvaria in vitro. AB - Twenty per cent of mature osteoblastic cells from parietal bone fragments in the mineralizing bone matrix phagocytized collagen fibrils. Forty per cent of immature osteoblastic cells in the partially mineralizing osteoid phagocytized collagen fibrils and mineralized bone particles. This phenomenon was most marked in cells containing a lake of glycogen. Thus during bone formation in vitro, osteoblasts may phagocytize bone-tissue components as well as synthesizing them. PMID- 3477217 TI - A new phase in the study of human inherited eye diseases. PMID- 3477218 TI - Pilocarpine antagonizes prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced ocular hypotension in monkeys. Evidence for enhancement of Uveoscleral outflow by prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - Twice daily topical application of 50 micrograms of prostaglandin F2 alpha tromethamine to cynomolgus monkey eyes produced significant ocular hypotension lasting at least six hours, with the intraocular pressure (IOP) falling between 35% and 50%, ie, to about 8 to 10 mm Hg, following the seventh dose. A single topical application of 1 mg of pilocarpine hydrochloride produced a much smaller IOP reduction and strong, probably maximal accommodation, both of which lasted at least eight hours. When prostaglandin F2 alpha-treated eyes were given pilocarpine before the seventh dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha, accommodation and IOP responded as in eyes receiving pilocarpine only. Atropine sulfate pretreatment of eyes receiving pilocarpine and prostaglandin F2 alpha completely prevented pilocarpine-induced accommodation and inhibition of ocular hypotension induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha. We hypothesize that (1) prostaglandin F2 alpha reduces IOP by increasing uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor, and (2) pilocarpine pretreatment contracts the ciliary muscle, obliterating the intramuscular spaces and closing off the uveoscleral drainage pathway and thus physiologically blocking the effect. PMID- 3477219 TI - Fluoridation. PMID- 3477220 TI - Who will decide surgery's future? PMID- 3477221 TI - Prospects for small bowel transplantation. PMID- 3477222 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology in breast disease management--a 4 year experience. AB - At the Queen Victoria Medical Centre between 1981 and 1984, 2920 fine needle aspirates of the breast were examined with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 97% and a sensitivity of 80%. This high diagnostic accuracy combined with the ease and complication-free nature of the procedure has meant that fine needle aspiration (FNA) has become an important part of the investigation and management of breast disease within the breast service of the Queen Victoria Medical Centre. PMID- 3477223 TI - Abstracts from the annual meeting of the Surgical Research Society of Australasia. Brisbane, Australia, 16-18 October 1986. PMID- 3477224 TI - [A general approach to AIDS. An explanation by the German Society of Sexual Research]. PMID- 3477225 TI - The non-Michaelian action of thrombin on peptide p-nitroanilide substrates. AB - 1. v([S]) kinetic data were obtained for the hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrates H-D-Phe-L-Pip-L-Arg-pNA (S-2238), H-D-Ile-L-Pro-L-Arg-pNA (S-2288), Tos-Gly-L-Pro-L-Arg-pNA (Tos-Ch-TH) and Cbz-Gly-L-Pro-L-Arg-pNA (Cbz-Ch-TH) by native human thrombin under different experimental conditions (Pip is pipecolyl, pNA is p-nitroanilide, Tos is tosyl and Cbz is benzyloxycarbonyl). 2. The data were fitted to rational functions of order 1:1, 2:2 and 3:3 by using non-linear regression. Discrimination between equations of different degree was made using the F-test. 3. In all, 24 curves were fitted. In 17 cases degree 2:2 was significantly better than degree 1:1 at a confidence level of 95%. In no case was any further significant improvement found with functions of degree 3:3. 3. Our results allow us to assert that native human thrombin is an enzyme that does not allow Michaelian kinetic behaviour when acting on chromogenic substrates. Instead, the empirically obtained steady-state data require mechanisms whose rate equation is at least of degree 2:2. PMID- 3477228 TI - Domesticated bacteria or andromeda strains? PMID- 3477226 TI - Inhibition of ferrochelatase during differentiation of murine erythroleukaemia cells. AB - During dimethyl sulphoxide-induced differentiation of DS-19 murine erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells, the activity of the terminal enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, ferrochelatase (protohaem ferrolyase, EC 4.99.1.1), is thought to be the rate-limiting step for haem production. Differentiation of induced MEL cells in the presence of exogeneously supplied protoporphyrin IX showed that total haem production was affected by added porphyrin only after 48 h. These data suggest that iron insertion, the terminal step, is rate-limiting during the first 48 h of differentiation. Addition of low levels of diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine to differentiating cultures resulted in decreased haem production and decreased ferrochelatase activity. N Methylprotoporphyrin at nanomolar concentrations also strongly inhibited ferrochelatase activity, but had no inhibitory effect on cellular haem production. The bivalent cations Co2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ were tested for their effect on haem production and ferrochelatase activity. All three metals were found to inhibit both haem formation and ferrochelatase activity, with Mn2+ being the strongest effector. These data, together with those previously published, suggest that the terminal step in haem biosynthesis is rate-limiting during the early stages of differentiation in MEL cells. PMID- 3477227 TI - Coronary smooth muscle reactivity to repeated agonist administration in a long time experiment in vitro. AB - The reactivity of isolated extramural coronary arteries of the pig to repeated agonist administration (acetylcholine, prostaglandin F2 alpha and K+-contraction) was investigated in a long-time experiment (20 h, more than 60 reactions). The acetylcholine-evoked contractions show an amplitude increase (phasic component) during the first 10 responses followed by approximately 20 constant reactions and a final amplitude decrease with alternative changes in amplitude. The tonic component of the acetylcholine responses decreases uniformly. The amplitude of K+ contraction increases during the first 10 reactions, and remains nearly constant in the further experiment. Prostaglandin F2 alpha produces a maximum contraction already in its first response, but the amplitudes decrease considerably after 6-8 reactions. The time course of the corresponding contraction upstroke velocity is quite similar compared to the amplitude behaviour. Differences in the smooth muscle reactivity between the used agonists are explained by different activatory mechanisms. Some hints concerning an optimum experimental procedure are given. PMID- 3477229 TI - Activation mechanism of the N-ras oncogene in human leukemias detected by synthetic oligonucleotide probes. AB - The synthetic oligonucleotide probes were used for the analysis of N-ras oncogenes detected in human acute leukemias. The mutations of N-ras genes were observed to occur randomly among the subtypes of myeloid leukemias, whereas the N ras mutations at codon 12 are more likely to occur in lymphoid leukemias than other mutations. The mutations at codon 13 of the N-ras gene were not detected in acute leukemias although they were found in myelodysplastic syndrome that is considered to be a preleukemic state. PMID- 3477230 TI - Effect of two inducers of cellular differentiation on the glutathione status of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia and A549 lung carcinoma cells. PMID- 3477231 TI - Transport of folate compounds by leukemic cells. Evidence for a single influx carrier for methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and folate in CCRF-CEM human lymphoblasts. AB - Influx kinetics and inhibitor specificity have been compared for the transport of methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and folate in CCRF-CEM human lymphoblastoid cells. Influx of each folate compound proceeded with approximately the same Vmax, fluctuated in the same fashion with the ionic composition of the medium, and was blocked by low concentrations of an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of methotrexate in both an anion-deficient buffer and in a buffered saline medium containing physiological concentrations of glucose and bicarbonate. Moreover, methotrexate influx was inhibited by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folate, and the inhibition constants (Ki) of the latter compounds were equivalent to their Kt values for half-maximal influx. Folate influx was likewise inhibited by methotrexate. The Ki for methotrexate was equivalent to its Kt for influx, and o phthalate and phosphate each inhibited folate and methotrexate with the same degree of effectiveness. Various reversible and irreversible inhibitors reduced the influx of each folate substrate by greater than 90%, and the progression of inhibition in each case was indicative of a single uptake component. Folate influx exhibited the same high sensitivity to inhibitors of methotrexate influx when measurements were performed at folate concentrations near the Kt for influx (10-50 microM) or at concentrations approximating physiological conditions (5-20 nM). These results indicate that CCRF-CEM cells possess a single shared transport system for the uptake of methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and folate and that other high- or low-affinity uptake processes are not present in these cells. PMID- 3477232 TI - Metabolism of C4 and linkage analysis in a kindred with hereditary incomplete C4 deficiency. AB - We studied a kindred in which C4 deficiency had been discovered. Unlike families with total absence of C4, in this kindred C4 deficiency was found to be incomplete, autosomal dominant, not caused by null alleles, and not associated with a high incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The deficient state was caused by hyposynthesis of C4, not by hypercatabolism. The locus for incomplete C4 deficiency was not closely linked to the major histocompatibility complex. The abnormal autosomal dominant allele is, apparently, rare, and how it causes decreased synthesis of C4 is unknown. PMID- 3477234 TI - [Respiratory and anesthetic gas flow monitoring]. PMID- 3477235 TI - [Vestibular extension]. PMID- 3477233 TI - Coronary disease prediction using a new atherogenic index. AB - This report demonstrates the utilization of a new serum factor, Toxicity Preventing Activity (TxPA) in the diagnosis of coronary disease prone individuals. Our laboratory has recently identified TxPA, which offsets the toxicity of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) upon arterial cells in vitro. In the present study, we measured TxPA activity and serum lipoprotein levels in 73 individuals undergoing coronary angiography. Serum from control subjects demonstrated 270% more TxPA than aged matched individuals with angiographically demonstrable coronary disease (CHD). When TxPA was combined with serum lipoprotein values, a new atherogenic index was generated which further distinguished these individuals with CHD from non-angiographed controls. These results demonstrate that TxPA is a new protective factor in coronary artery disease, and that the new atherogenic index provides for the first time an accurate classification of individuals with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3477237 TI - [Objective: Tweed's occlusion. Directional force in Edgewise technic]. PMID- 3477236 TI - [Dens in dente]. PMID- 3477238 TI - [Contact areas and contour]. PMID- 3477239 TI - [The Frankel egg]. PMID- 3477240 TI - [Inlays with Dicor. Cast ceramic in place of wax]. PMID- 3477242 TI - [Dental marketing]. PMID- 3477241 TI - [Mixed amalgam-composite restorations]. PMID- 3477243 TI - [Maintenance of equipment]. PMID- 3477244 TI - [The Tweed technic. Choice of extraction and treatment strategy. 1]. PMID- 3477245 TI - [Italian Academy of Conservative Dentistry. Cases presented for admission]. PMID- 3477246 TI - [Immune response to dental plaque]. PMID- 3477247 TI - [A smile rediscovered]. PMID- 3477248 TI - [Put the tooth in your freezer]. PMID- 3477249 TI - [Etchable splints in chromium-cobalt]. PMID- 3477250 TI - [Apicoectomy with retrograde obturation using Biolox. Ceramic in place of amalgam]. PMID- 3477251 TI - [Skeletal dysharmony resolved in 20 months]. PMID- 3477253 TI - [AIDS as seen in the mouth]. PMID- 3477252 TI - [2 or 3 things to know about ELISA]. PMID- 3477254 TI - [Contamination in the dental environment]. PMID- 3477255 TI - [The Bengt Mattsson technic]. PMID- 3477256 TI - [Helium-neon laser: cellular biostimulation]. PMID- 3477258 TI - [Role of amniotic epithelium in feto-materno-placental steroid metabolism]. PMID- 3477257 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3477259 TI - Chemotactic activity "in vitro" and transplantability in isogenic mice of radionuclide-induced murine osteosarcomas. PMID- 3477260 TI - Hazard of autoclave bags. PMID- 3477261 TI - Fissure sealants and the DEB. PMID- 3477262 TI - A comparison of the Cyprane and Samson nasal mask scavengers during relative analgesia. PMID- 3477263 TI - Bilateral facial swelling in bulimia. PMID- 3477264 TI - Expectations and preferences for routine dentistry in anxious adult patients. PMID- 3477265 TI - General Dental Council statement on vocational training. PMID- 3477267 TI - 'Universal plus' pliers. PMID- 3477266 TI - 'Toxicity to the pulp of a glass-ionomer cement'. PMID- 3477268 TI - 'Dentine hypersensitivity: a comparison of five toothpastes used during a 6-week period'. PMID- 3477269 TI - 'The most common disease in the world'. PMID- 3477270 TI - The October revolution. PMID- 3477271 TI - 'Who should do orthodontics?'. PMID- 3477272 TI - Defining dental fitness. PMID- 3477273 TI - The effect of three commercially available saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro. PMID- 3477274 TI - A comparison of the effect of two different dental local anaesthetic solutions on plasma potassium concentration. PMID- 3477275 TI - Evaluation of a dedicated dental procedure glove for clinical dentistry. PMID- 3477276 TI - Acromegaly: an unusual presentation and unexpected sequelae to treatment. PMID- 3477277 TI - Actinomycosis in a patient with juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 3477278 TI - A cardiac arrest in the dental chair. PMID- 3477279 TI - What makes a dental practice grow? PMID- 3477280 TI - Letter from California: the wonders of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3477281 TI - Production of thymine glycols in DNA by radiation and chemical carcinogens as detected by a monoclonal antibody. AB - In order to understand the role in carcinogenesis of damage indirectly induced by chemical carcinogens, it is important to identify the primary DNA lesions. We have measured the formation and repair of one type of DNA modification, 5,6 dihydroxydihydrothymine (thymine glycol), following exposure of cultured human cells to the carcinogens N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine or benzo(a)pyrene. The efficiency of production of thymine glycols in DNA by these carcinogens was compared to that by ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light. Thymine glycols were detected using a monoclonal antibody against this product in a sensitive immunoassay. We found that thymine glycols were produced in DNA in a dose dependent manner after exposure to the carcinogens and that their production was reduced if either catalase or superoxide dismutase or both were present at the time of treatment. The efficiency of thymine glycol production following exposure to the chemical carcinogens was greater than that following equi-toxic doses of radiation. Thymine glycols were efficiently removed from the DNA of human cells following treatment with either the chemical carcinogens, ionizing radiation or ultraviolet light. PMID- 3477283 TI - The formation, identification, and significance of DNA-protein cross-links in mammalian cells. AB - DNA-protein cross-links (DPC) are formed by a variety of radiations and chemicals which act via free radical formation. Covalency is inferred from the resistance of the cross-links to harsh treatments. In mammalian cells, a background of DPC (6000 per V79 cell) may result from normal associations of chromosomal loops with the nuclear protein matrix. After ionizing radiation, the elevated level of DPC (150 per Gy per V79 cell) are enriched in actively transcribing DNA and in a subset of proteins of the nuclear matrix. DPC formation is reduced by hydroxyl radical scavengers, by oxygen, and by hypertonic medium and is enhanced by hypotonic medium and by removal of intracellular glutathione. DPC are repaired more slowly than single-strand breaks and not at all when formed during metaphase. During the postirradiation period, changes in the sequence composition of the DNA of residual DPC are consistent with the preferential repair of DPC in actively expressed genes. Excision repair mechanisms have been proposed. Unrepaired DPC may block normal functions of the nuclear matrix, such as replication and transcription. PMID- 3477284 TI - DNA quaternary structure in the radiation sensitivity of human lymphocytes--a proposed role of copper. AB - On challenging with 2M NaCl, the nuclei of human lymphocytes yield an aggregate of DNA-protein material. The density of the material is less when isolated from irradiated cells than when isolated from unirradiated cells. The density of this material, designated histone-free-DNA (HF-DNA), from irradiated cells returns to that from unirradiated cells if the irradiated cells are allowed time at 37 degrees C in nutrient conditions. Lymphocyte HF-DNA from patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to radiotherapy exhibit slower repair characteristics than lymphocyte HF-DNA from the average normal subjects. Neutrons are more effective than X-rays in producing density changes. Misonidazole and the ADPRT inhibitor 3-AAB substantially inhibit return to unirradiated densities. The oer for the initial effect is between 2 and 3. These properties of this DNA material from human lymphocytes suggest that alterations in the configuration of such material by the loss and re-establishment of relatively weak cellular bonds are closely related to the well-known changes observed in classical cell survival experiments. Where the proliferation of human lymphocytes has been observed by concanavalin A stimulation, oer, RBE and chemical modification has been of the same order as the measured density changes. Additionally, we have found that the density of HF-DNA is heavily dependent upon Cu content. This has led us to propose that cell killing or malfunction at the nuclear level caused by ionizing radiation is caused by the conversion CuII----CuI and also by specific .OH attack on DNA or proteins at a Cu site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3477285 TI - Free radical injury to irradiated cells: evidence from rapid irradiation studies. PMID- 3477282 TI - The biological consequences of oxidized DNA bases. PMID- 3477286 TI - The cell as single-hit detector. AB - The common manifestation of shoulders to survival curves, particularly for mammalian cells, has diverted attention from the importance of single-hit action as a radiobiological mechanism. Exponential survival is diagnostic for that mode of action. Of various interpretations of shouldered curves, the one best fitted by experimental facts is that single energy deposits can indeed be lethal; but many cells have capacity for a specific type of repair that is depleted, in a dose-dependent manner, until it ceases to function. The curve then assumes its exponential 'tail'. Genomic DNA seems an obvious target for the scoring of lethal hits. But a body of evidence indicates the presence in the cell of a second, chemically different, target, one in which oxygen interacts at the sites of energy deposits to fix damage, so causing radiosensitization. The nuclear membrane is a likely candidate. In cells proficient at repairing DNA, and irradiated with oxygen present, only a minority of lethal events are attributable to energy deposited in DNA. The hypothesis that hits are scored by .OH, based to a large extent on the phenomenon of chemical protection, is not justified by all the facts and is in conflict with some experimental observations. On the other hand, e-aq may well be damaging to DNA unless oxygen is present to act as scavenger. PMID- 3477287 TI - Primary structure of human pancreatic protease E determined by sequence analysis of the cloned mRNA. AB - Although protease E was isolated from human pancreas over 10 years ago [Mallory, P. A., & Travis, J. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 722-729], its amino acid sequence and relationship to the elastases have not been established. We report the isolation of a cDNA clone for human pancreatic protease E and determination of the nucleic acid sequence coding for the protein. The deduced amino acid sequence contains all of the features common to serine proteases. The substrate binding region is highly homologous to those of porcine and rat elastases 1, explaining the similar specificity for alanine reported for protease E and these elastases. However, the amino acid sequence outside the substrate binding region is less than 50% conserved, and there is a striking difference in the overall net charge for protease E (6-) and elastases 1 (8+). These findings confirm that protease E is a new member of the serine protease family. We have attempted to identify amino acid residues important for the interaction between elastases and elastin by examining the amino acid sequence differences between elastases and protease E. In addition to the large number of surface charge changes which are outside the substrate binding region, there are several changes which might be crucial for elastolysis: Leu-73/Arg-73; Arg-217A/Ala-217A; Arg-65A/Gln-65A; and the presence of two new cysteine residues (Cys-98 and Cys-99B) which computer modeling studies predict could form a new disulfide bond, not previously observed for serine proteases. We also present evidence which suggests that human pancreas does not synthesize a basic, alanine-specific elastase similar to porcine elastase 1. PMID- 3477288 TI - A novel complex from bovine visual cells of a 33,000-dalton phosphoprotein with beta- and gamma-transducin: purification and subunit structure. AB - Photoreceptors of mammalian retinas contain a 33-kDa (33K) protein that is phosphorylated, in vitro, by cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases. The 33K protein is phosphorylated in the dark, in situ, and dephosphorylated upon illumination. The soluble 33K protein from bovine retinas has been purified to near homogeneity by extraction at pH 5.7 and chromatography on ion-exchange, gel filtration, and hydroxylapatite columns. In the native conformation, the 33K protein is associated with a 37-kDa (37K) and a 10-kDa (10K) protein, forming a trimeric complex with a sedimentation coefficient of 4.9 S and an apparent molecular mass of 77 kDa. The 33K protein can be dissociated from the 37K/10K complex by centrifugation in the presence of high pH and high salt; the subunits reassociate to form the trimeric complex upon recentrifugation in an isotonic buffer with neutral pH. The 33K protein is phosphorylated rapidly by exogenous kinase, in vitro, whereas the 37K and 10K subunits remain unphosphorylated. The 37K and 10K subunits cross-react with antibodies prepared against the beta- and gamma-subunits, respectively, of bovine transducin, indicating that the 37K and 10K subunits are immunologically identical with beta- and gamma-transducin, respectively. No immuno-cross-reactivity was observed between the 33K protein and an antibody against the alpha-subunit of bovine transducin. The 33K-beta-/gamma transducin complex exhibits striking similarity to transducin in its subunit structure and mode of subunit interaction, suggesting it may play an important role in the metabolism and function of rod photoreceptor cells. PMID- 3477289 TI - Primary and secondary structure of antifreeze peptides from arctic and antarctic zoarcid fishes. AB - Antifreeze peptides were isolated from Rhigophila dearborni, an antarctic eel pout, and Lycodes polaris, an arctic eel pout (both from the family Zoarcidae). The primary structures of two peptides, one from each species, were determined using a combination of Edman degradation and mass spectrometric techniques. The two sequences show a high degree of homology with nearly 80% of the residues being identical. These peptides are also homologous to antifreeze peptides from a third eel pout which inhabits the north Atlantic Ocean. The CD spectra of all of these peptides are also very similar. Unlike the antifreeze peptides of cottid fishes, the structures of antifreeze peptides from zoarcid fishes appear to be highly conserved, despite the large geographic distances which separate the different species. The zoarcid peptides also appear to have structures very different from other fish antifreezes. PMID- 3477290 TI - The interaction of prostaglandins with high-density lipoproteins: a non equilibrium model of ligand-receptor interaction. AB - Using high-density lipoproteins (HDL) labeled with a fluorescent phospholipid probe (an anthrylvinyl-labeled analogue of sphingomyelin) it was found that low amounts (10(-12) M) of the prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha induced different structural changes of the HDL surface, whereas prostaglandin E2 had no effect. The effects of prostaglandin E1 on HDL were largely paralleled by those of this prostaglandin on synthetic recombinants prepared from apolipoprotein A1, phospholipids and cholesterol. The prostaglandin E1-HDL interaction resembled that of a ligand with a receptor site because it was specific, reversible, concentration- and temperature-dependent and saturable. However, the maximal HDL retaining capacity for prostaglandin E1 as determined by equilibrium dialysis was very low, and a single prostaglandin E1 molecule was able to induce structural changes in a large number of discrete lipoprotein particles. To explain this remarkable fact, a non-equilibrium model of ligand-receptor interaction is proposed. According to this model in open systems characterized by a short life time of the ligand-receptor complex, high diffusion rates of the ligand and long relaxation times which exceed the interval between two successive ligand-receptor occupations, the ligand-induced changes will accumulate, resulting in amplification of the primary biological signal. It is emphasized that the low mobility of lipids constituting the environment of the receptor protein plays a critical role in this type of signal amplification. PMID- 3477291 TI - Enzymes involved in the formation of 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta cholanic acid from dehydrocholic acid by Ruminococcus sp. obtained from human intestine. AB - Ruminococcus sp. PO1-3 from human intestinal flora reduced dehydrocholic acid to 3 beta-hydroxy-7,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholanic acid by means of the enzyme 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Akao, T., Akao, T., Hattori, M., Namba, T. and Kobashi, K. (1986) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 99, 1425-1431). This bacterium and its crude extract gave rise to another product, showing a lower RF value on TLC, from dehydrocholic acid. The product was identified as 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo 5 beta-cholanic acid. The crude extract reduced 7-ketolithocholic acid and its methyl ester, but not 6-ketolithocholic acid and 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid, in the presence of NADPH, and oxidized ursodeoxycholic acid and beta-muricholic acid, but not cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and hydrocholic acid, in the presence of NADP+. Therefore, besides 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was shown to be present in this bacterium. The two dehydrogenases were clearly separated from each other by butyl-Toyopearl 650 M column chromatography. From dehydrocholic acid, 7 beta-hydroxy-3,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholanic acid was produced by 7 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholanic acid was produced by combination of two enzymes, 7 beta- and 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3477292 TI - Content and formation of prostaglandins and distribution of prostaglandin-related enzyme activities in the rat ocular system. AB - The steady-state levels of prostaglandin D2, E2 and F2 alpha in the rat eye were 0.5, 0.1 and 1.0 ng/g, respectively, which increased differently among the prostaglandins after a 40-min incubation of the homogenate at 37 degrees C (to 23, 12 and 14 ng/g, respectively). When the eye was dissected into anterior uveal, scleral, and retinal complexes, prostaglandin D2 was formed in the highest degree in all the complexes, whereas prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha formation was specific to given ocular regions. Three prostaglandin synthetase activities with similar Km values (20-40 microM) were found in the 10,000 X g supernatant of these tissues, i.e., GSH-independent and soluble D, GSH-dependent and membrane bound E, and soluble F synthetase activities. These enzyme activities correlated well with the prostaglandin formation in each tissue. D synthetase activity being highest in all the tissues (11-25 nmol/min per g). Three types of prostaglandin catabolizing enzyme activities were detected in the 100,000 X g supernatant of the tissues, i.e., type II 15-hydroxy dehydrogenase (Km = 10-30 microM), 9-keto (500 microM) and 11-keto reductase (2.5 mM). The activity of the dehydrogenase was low even in the retina, the tissue with the highest levels (0.51, 0.35 and 0.15 nmol/min per g for prostaglandin E2, F2 alpha and D2, respectively). PMID- 3477293 TI - Purification of substrate proteins of casein kinases from the cytosol fraction of AH-66 hepatoma cells. AB - We have attempted to purify endogenous substrate proteins for casein kinases I and II from the cytosol of AH-66 hepatoma cells. Utilizing the fact that only a few substrates are concentrated in the fraction eluted from DEAE-cellulose between 0.3 and 0.6 M NaCl, two substrates were purified from this fraction by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and HPLC on a DEAE 5PW column. The purified substrate proteins had molecular masses of 30.5 kDa and 31 kDa. The 31-kDa protein substrate was markedly phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but only slightly by casein kinase I. The radioactive phosphate incorporated into 31-kDa substrate by casein kinase II was 0.2 mol/mol of the protein and phosphorylation occurred on both threonine and serine residues. The 30.5 kDa protein was only slightly phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but not at all by casein kinase I. PMID- 3477295 TI - Radiation inactivation of hamster acrosin reveals that the biologically active unit is of low molecular size. AB - The relationship between structure and activity of acid-extracted and purified acrosin obtained from cauda epididymal hamster spermatozoa was studied. A four step purification procedure of acrosin was used; it included 1.) acid extraction, 2.) gel filtration over Sephadex G-100 resin, 3.) ion exchange on CM-Sepharose CL 6B, and 4.) affinity chromatography on proflavin-Sepharose 4B. Analysis of the purified enzyme by high-performance liquid chromatography (300 SW + I-125) revealed a molecular weight of 44,000, which was identical to that obtained for acid-extracted acrosin. Slab-gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions showed only one active band, as revealed with a highly sensitive assay using N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzyl ester as substrate. The radiation inactivation size of acid extracted acrosin was calculated to be 8400. This small unit could represent the active polypeptide portion of a larger monomer molecule or could represent the size of active subunits. Because acrosin is autocatalytic and highly active during fertilization, it is suggested that the active portion of the completely processed form of the enzyme is of small molecular weight. PMID- 3477294 TI - Purification and initial characterization of guinea pig testicular acrosin. AB - Guinea pig (GP) acrosin was purified following acid extraction of testicular acetone powder, pH precipitation of the soluble extract, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex, and affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose. Final purification was achieved by re chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Enzymatic activity was detected by following the hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonylarginyl amide of 7-amino-4 trifluoromethylcoumarin at 37 degrees C, pH 8.0, before and after activation. GP testicular acrosin exhibited a molecular weight of 48,000 by gel filtration and 34,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Following SDS-PAGE in gels containing 0.1% gelatin, protease activity was observed to comigrate with the major protein detected by silver staining. The purified GP acrosin showed cross-reactivity with a monospecific polyclonal rabbit antiserum directed against boar sperm acrosin and exhibited reversible pH dependent activation. The physiochemical characteristics of the purified protein, including the amino acid composition, resemble those reported for acrosins from other species. PMID- 3477296 TI - Nonhomogeneous distribution of leukemia in the bone marrow during minimal residual disease. AB - In a rat model (BNML) for human acute myelocytic leukemia the distribution of leukemic cells in bone marrow samples from various sites was investigated, using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and flow cytometry. Rats were studied before chemotherapy as well as thereafter, ie, in the "minimal residual disease" (MRD) phase. Bone marrow from different types of bones was analyzed from each animal. Before treatment, the ratio of the measured extreme values (ie, highest/lowest value) for leukemic cell frequencies in bones from individual rats ranged from 3.7 to 11.7. During the MRD phase the ratios of the extremes ranged from a factor of 36 to more than 13,000 from one rat to another. The variability between bones of comparable size was estimated by studying the ribs from each individual animal. Within individuals the extremes differed by a factor of 1.2 to 4.0 before chemotherapy and from 2.4 to greater than 320 after chemotherapy. The variability within the marrow cavity of a single bone was determined by analyzing multiple samples from femoral bones cut into slices. The leukemic cell frequency appeared to vary considerably, ie, before treatment from 1.7 to 7.3 and during MRD from 4 to 28,000. The presented data may contribute to understanding the sometimes conflicting observations in leukemic patients. Improvement of methods for detecting MRD will not automatically lead to a more accurate estimation of the total tumor burden. The reliability of diagnoses based on the analysis of single bone marrow aspirates appears to be highly questionable. PMID- 3477297 TI - Analyses of phenotype and genotype in acute lymphoblastic leukemias at first presentation and in relapse. AB - As a clue to the cellular origin of leukemic populations in relapse we analyzed 11 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by immunological and molecular genetic approaches. Blast cells obtained from both initial diagnosis and relapse were immunophenotyped using a variety of monoclonal antibodies; simultaneously we hybridized Southern blots of respective cell samples to immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain as well as to T-cell receptor beta-chain (T beta) sequences. While similar phenotypes were observed in both states of nine cases, comparison of Ig gene rearrangements revealed clonal variations, ie, appearance of an evoluted or novel leukemic cell clone in relapse beside identical leukemic populations in both states. One pre-T (ALL) patient, presenting with germline configuration of T beta gene sequences at diagnosis, exhibited a rearrangement of T beta gene sequences in recurrent disease. Another patient displayed T-ALL phenotype and T beta gene rearrangement at diagnosis but relapsed with a very immature phenotype and germline configuration for T beta sequences. Our results emphasize the value of molecular analyses in order to unravel the nature of leukemic relapse. PMID- 3477298 TI - Bone marrow matrix modulation of HL-60 phenotype. AB - The initiation and maintenance of cellular differentiation for a variety of cell types has been shown to be influenced by the microenvironment. To investigate the influence of bone marrow stroma on leukemic cell differentiation, HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were grown in the presence of Triton-treated extracellular matrix derived from normal human bone marrow stromal cells. This bone marrow matrix microenvironment had a dramatic impact on the phenotypic expression of this malignant line. HL-60 cellular proliferation, morphology, nonspecific esterase activity, formation of Fc rosettes, and sensitivity to induction by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were all influenced by the presence of matrix molecules. In contrast, stromal cell-conditioned media did not alter HL-60 phenotype. Thus, HL-60 cells appear to retain responsiveness to a human bone marrow stromal cell-derived matrix despite their ability to grow autonomously. Studies of the interaction of leukemic cells and marrow stroma in vitro may provide important information concerning the regulation of leukemic cell behavior. PMID- 3477299 TI - Radiogenic leukemia revisited. AB - Radiation-induced leukemia is considered to be similar to the de novo disease. However, following an analysis of clinical and hematological findings in leukemia occurring in irradiated cervical cancer patients, adult Japanese atomic-bomb survivors, and spondylitics treated with x-ray, striking differences were noted. Acute leukemias in cervical cancer patients and Japanese survivors were similar in type to acute de novo leukemias in adults. Cell types among spondylitics were very dissimilar; rare forms, eg, acute erythromyelocytic leukemia (AEL) and acute megakaryocytic leukemia, were increased. Pancytopenia occurred in 25 of 35 cases and erythromyelodysplastic disorders were noted in seven of 35 acute cases. The leukemias and myelodysplastic disorders closely resembled those occurring in patients treated with alkylating agents. This similarity suggests a common pathogenesis involving marrow stem cell injury and extra-medullary mediators of hematopoiesis. Investigation of early acute leukemias and myelodysplastic disorders with newer techniques may provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of leukemia in humans. PMID- 3477300 TI - Isolation of lactoferrin cDNA from a human myeloid library and expression of mRNA during normal and leukemic myelopoiesis. AB - Lactoferrin is a major constituent of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules and is present in mature neutrophils but not in blasts or promyelocytes. We have isolated a cDNA probe for lactoferrin and used it to study the synthesis of lactoferrin mRNA by normal and leukemic granulocyte precursors. The probe pHL-41 has been subcloned in phage m13 and characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis and nucleic acid sequencing. pHL-41 contains approximately 40% of the coding sequence of the lactoferrin gene. The 3' untranslated region includes a stop codon and a possible polyadenylation signal. There is a greater than 98% agreement between the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence and that determined by analysis of the protein. Myeloid cells from normal bone marrow and circulating leukocytes from patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia contain lactoferrin mRNA transcripts that are indistinguishable in size and relative quantity. The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 contains no lactoferrin mRNA. Induction of monocytic or granulocytic differentiation fails to induce the synthesis of detectable lactoferrin message. Similarly, studies with the human myeloblastic leukemia cell line PLB-985 reveal the inability of these cells to produce lactoferrin mRNA even under conditions that bring about morphologically demonstrable granulocytic differentiation. These data suggest that granulocytic differentiation in the leukemic cell lines is incomplete or defective. The presence of lactoferrin may play a role in the orderly expression of the genetic program leading to the development of the normal mature granulocyte. PMID- 3477301 TI - Characterization of "fetal-type" acetylcholinesterase in hemin-treated K562 cell culture. AB - The alteration of acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity, a marker enzyme of erythroid differentiation, was studied during the hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 human leukemia cells in suspension culture. The kinetics of postinduction differentiation was followed by determining the hemoglobin (Hb) content and the ACHE activity of cells. Embryonic hemoglobins as well as small quantities of fetal Hb (HbF) were synthetized by stimulated cells. The peaks of ACHE activity preceded the highest level of Hb content and, following induction, reached their pinnacles at 72 and 120 hours, respectively. These data indicate that ACHE activity is an earlier and more sensitive marker for hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells than is elevated Hb content. Electrophoretic mobility of ACHE from hemin-treated cells proved to be the fetal type, but after incubation with neuraminidase, the rate of migration decreased to the level of the adult type enzyme. PMID- 3477302 TI - Genetic markers in late paraphrenia: a study of HLA antigens. AB - Patients with late paraphrenia were typed for HLA-A, -B and -C. Increased frequencies of BW55 (P = 0.036), B37 (P = 0.008) and CW6 (P = 0.056) were found relative to controls. Unlike findings in paranoid schizophrenia, there was no HLA A9 association, suggesting that paraphrenics may be genetically distinct from schizophrenics. The primary association seems to be with B37, which has the lowest corrected P value and highest relative risk; if this were replicated, it would make possession of this antigen a strong risk factor for developing the disorder. PMID- 3477303 TI - Folate and vitamin B 12 in eating disorders. PMID- 3477305 TI - Understanding dental attendance behaviour. PMID- 3477304 TI - Tics and heredity. A study of the relatives of child tiqueurs. AB - The limited literature on the pedigrees of tiqueurs, including those with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, is reviewed. Most statistical analyses have been restricted to affected family members without specifying the unaffected ones. The present statistical analysis of a series of child tiqueurs, including 91 probands and 1293 first- and second-degree relatives, 46 of whom were tiqueurs, predicts the odds on being a tiqueur for individuals, and establishes how those odds are affected by certain explanatory variables using log-linear models. The data do not confirm a familial pattern beyond reasonable doubt, but if the suggested prevalence of tics in the population is 10% then the figure for parents is large enough to support a familial hypothesis. The pedigrees do not indicate a simple mode of genetic transmission. Further research is needed to confirm that there is a connection between childhood tics and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, to establish that the predisposition to tics is familial, and, if so, whether there is a complex genetic mechanism involved, or some other environmental aetiology so far undisclosed. PMID- 3477306 TI - The evaluation of the junior dental health education programme developed in Sefton, England. PMID- 3477308 TI - Periodontal conditions in different regions in Indonesia. PMID- 3477307 TI - An assessment of the demands made by orthodontic conditions on the oral surgery facilities at one general hospital in southern England. PMID- 3477309 TI - Validation of a treatment need system for primary teeth. PMID- 3477310 TI - Dental care in day nurseries. PMID- 3477311 TI - Preventive indices. PMID- 3477312 TI - Community dental service, cash-limited sector of primary medical and dental care. PMID- 3477313 TI - Determinants of dental health services utilization among the elderly. PMID- 3477314 TI - A comparison of the dental health of Toronto's ethnic groups. PMID- 3477316 TI - Quantitation of autocrine regulation of tumor growth: a general phenomenological model. AB - We present a model that considers autocrine regulation of tumor growth as a feedback control system. The model is general in that it can accommodate any growth curve which fits the data. We propose an algorithm for quantitation of the open loop gain parameter and we define the autocrine gain parameter; these parameters express the efficiency of the feedback mechanism. The model provides guidelines for design of experiments to measure the contribution of autocrine regulation to growth of biological systems, particularly tumors. PMID- 3477315 TI - Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis with continuous vincristine and adriamycin infusions plus high-dose decadron. AB - Thirty patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive lymphoid (20 patients) or undifferentiated (ten patients) chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis were treated with 0.4 mg of vincristine by continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) daily for 4 days; (doxorubicin) 12 mg/m2 of Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 4 days; and 40 mg of decadron daily on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 (VAD). Course 2 was given starting on day 24 with the addition of cyclophosphamide 1 g/22. Overall nine patients achieved complete remission (30%) and three attained a partial remission (10%), for an overall response rate of 40%. Four patients expired during induction whereas 14 had resistant disease. Response rate was significantly higher for patients with lymphoid compared to undifferentiated morphology (55% versus 10%; P = 0.05). In lymphoid blast crisis, Calla-positive disease was associated with a higher response rate compared to Calla-negative disease (75% versus 25%; P = 0.08). Eleven patients developed infections, and seven had fever without documented infections. The median overall survival was 29 weeks. Median survival was 43 weeks for patients achieving complete remission and 20 weeks for those with resistant disease. Remission duration was 39 weeks. After primary and salvage therapy, nine patients are alive, six of them in continuous remission for 19+ to 112+ weeks. The authors conclude that VAD chemotherapy is an effective regimen with acceptable toxicity in patients with lymphoid blast crisis especially those with Calla-positive disease. Alternate induction regimens for undifferentiated disease and for maintenance therapy are currently being investigated. PMID- 3477317 TI - DNA cross-linking and single-strand breaks induced by teratogenic concentrations of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard in postimplantation rat embryos. AB - Postimplantation rat embryos (Day 10) were exposed in vitro to teratogenic concentrations of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, an activated form of cyclophosphamide, and phosphoramide mustard, the major teratogenic metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Following a 5-h exposure to these agents, drug-induced DNA damage was assessed by alkaline elution. Both drugs induced detectable DNA cross linking at teratogenic concentrations. Alkaline elution combined with proteinase K digestion indicated that approximately half of the DNA cross-linking was DNA DNA cross-linking and the other half was DNA-protein cross-linking. In addition to DNA cross-linking, phosphoramide mustard produced DNA strand breaks and/or alkaline labile sites. However, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide did not produce detectable DNA strand breaks or alkaline labile sites. Our data also indicate that the induction of abnormal morphogenesis by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard is correlated with drug-induced DNA cross-linking. PMID- 3477318 TI - Effectiveness of scalp cooling in reducing alopecia caused by epirubicin treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - The value of scalp cooling in the prevention of alopecia was investigated in 32 patients with advanced breast cancer who were given a mean of four courses of 40 80 mg/m2 of epirubicin. None of the 15 patients free from liver metastases who received scalp cooling required a wig, whereas four of eight similar patients who did not receive scalp cooling did require a wig. Abnormalities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase pretreatment were predictive for reduced efficacy of scalp cooling, but not a contraindication to its use. PMID- 3477319 TI - Idarubicin in the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3477320 TI - Isolation of bacteria lytic against Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10558 from human dental plaque. PMID- 3477321 TI - Effect of salivary flow rate on salivary fluoride clearance after use of a fluoride-containing chewing gum. PMID- 3477323 TI - Morphology, histology and crystallography of human dental enamel treated with pulsed low-energy infrared laser radiation. PMID- 3477324 TI - Effect of flavour and detergent on fluoride availability in whole saliva after use of NaF and MFP dentifrices. PMID- 3477322 TI - Albumin uptake by caries lesions in bovine enamel--an in vitro study. PMID- 3477325 TI - Effects of flushings with an acidic calcium phosphate solution on fluoride binding and caries in rat teeth. PMID- 3477326 TI - Reduction of cholate's cariogenicity by supplementation with sodium caseinate. PMID- 3477327 TI - Combined effect of systemic and topical fluoride treatments on human deciduous teeth--case studies. PMID- 3477328 TI - Changing criteria for restorative treatment of approximal caries over a 10-year period. PMID- 3477330 TI - [CA 125--a new characteristic in the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 3477331 TI - [Virus detection in xenotransplants of human osteosarcoma in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice]. PMID- 3477329 TI - Relative cariogenicity of starch and sugars in a 2-year longitudinal study of 405 English schoolchildren. PMID- 3477332 TI - Antibacterial effect of imipenem in vitro against important aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from clinical specimens. AB - Imipenem is a thienamycin antibiotic of the first generation with broad antibacterial activity. It covers all gram-positive organisms (including Streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia spp.) as well as Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides species. In this comparative study the antimicrobic effect against 1020 gram-negative, 927 gram-positive and 352 anaerobic strains from fresh clinical isolates was tested and compared with that of other frequently used antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by means of a serial dilution test with micro standard plates. Within the group of gram negative strains, imipenem was the most active antibiotic with a MIC90 of less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l for most isolates. Imipenem shows a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. and Serratia spp., and also covers resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Alcaligenes faecalis. Imipenem also shows high inhibiting activity against gram-positive strains and anaerobic pathogens. PMID- 3477334 TI - Mono- and bifunctional binding of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) to dinucleotides. AB - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-Pt) was reacted with four homodinucleotides (GpG, ApA, CpC, and UpU) and six heterodinucleotides (GpC, CpG, GpU, UpG, GpA, and ApG) at pH 6, and the reaction products were purified by HPLC. The most important products were characterized by 1H-NMR spectra. In all the heterodinucleotides except the ones containing uridine the main Pt-adduct was an intramolecular cross-link, but monofunctional adducts and intermolecular cross links were also detected. Intramolecular cross-links were also formed with GpU and UpG but the amounts of them were about the same as the amounts of intermolecular cross-links. In the case of homodinucleotides GpG gave almost entirely intramolecular cross-links, in which cis-Pt was chelated between the N-7 atoms of two guanines. cis-Pt reacted also with ApA forming both monofunctional and bifunctional Pt-adducts. The main adducts were intramolecular cross-links. cis-Pt reacted equally well with all guanosine-containing dinucleotides, while the reaction with ApA was much slower. With CpC and UpU no reaction products were formed. PMID- 3477333 TI - In vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to imipenem and other antimicrobial agents. AB - Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of imipenem, pefloxacin, BMY 28142, were compared with those of vancomycin and other established antistaphylococcal antimicrobial agents, rifampicin, fusidic acid, clindamycin, tobramycin and amikacin against 50 clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Imipenem was more active than the other tested antimicrobial agents except for vancomycin which was the most active. The MIC90 of imipenem was 2 micrograms/ml, while the MBC90 was 4.2 micrograms/ml and in all cases the MBCs were only 2-4 times higher than the MICs. Pefloxacin had significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against the majority of the isolates, with an MIC90 of 12.5 micrograms/ml (range 0.4-25 micrograms/ml) and in most cases the bactericidal concentrations were 2-4 times the MIC, with a few isolates having MBCs 8 or more times the MICs. The results obtained confirm that imipenem has excellent in vitro activity against locally isolated MRSA. PMID- 3477335 TI - Effect of diethyl maleate and sodium salicylate on cefmetazole transport in the in vitro rat everted intestinal sac: influence of Ca2+ and vanadate in the media. PMID- 3477336 TI - [Adjustment of the saliva pH value for leukemia patients]. PMID- 3477337 TI - Peroxyl free radicals: potential mediators of tumor initiation and promotion. PMID- 3477338 TI - Age-dependent increase in xanthine oxidoreductase differs in various heart cell types. AB - Myocardial xanthine oxidase has been associated with reoxygenation injury induced by oxygen radicals. The damage due to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion increases with age; therefore, one would expect to find more xanthine oxidase in adult than in young hearts. Consequently, we studied the age-dependence of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in hearts, in addition to the localization of the enzyme in cultured rat-heart cells. We measured xanthine oxidase plus dehydrogenase activity in homogenates of hearts and in homogenates of cultured neonatal myocytes and nonmuscular cells. In rat heart homogenates, xanthine oxidoreductase increased from 0.5 +/- 0.1 mU/g wet wt (newborn, mean +/- SD) to 25 +/- 4 mU/g (age 15 weeks, p less than 0.001). The value for adult rabbit heart was more than 1,000 times lower and hardly detectable. Therefore, we did not study young rabbit hearts. In rat myocyte cultures, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increased from 4.2 +/- 1.6 mU/g protein (2nd day of culture) to 17 +/- 4 mU/g (4th day, p less than 0.005). The activity in nonmuscular cells increased much more, from 10.1 +/- 1.1 to 117 +/- 25 mU/g (p less than 0.002). The age related increase of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in rat heart is in agreement with the implied role in reperfusion damage by the enzyme. Whether myocytes, in which the enzyme has a low activity, could be damaged in this way, remains to be studied. PMID- 3477339 TI - Inspiratory and expiratory effects of nasal breathing. AB - The purpose of the present study was to assess quantitatively the nasal valve area during normal inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers. The pressure-flow technique of Warren was used to estimate nasal size in 15 adult subjects who had no previous history of nasal surgery or abnormality. Cross-sectional size of the nasal airway was also assessed (1) after insertion of tubing to eliminate alar effects, (2) after administration of 0.1% Otrivin decongestant to eliminate mucosal effects, and (3) by blocking each nostril individually. Mean areas of 0.63 cm2 +/- 0.17 during inspiration and 0.56 cm2 +/- 0.14 during expiration. This difference is statistically significant (less than 0.01) and the effect was maintained under conditions of occlusion of either nostril, insertion of tubing, and administration of Otrivin. These findings suggest that the nasal valve acts as a respiratory brake during expiration possibly to allow adequate time for gas exchange at the alveoli. PMID- 3477340 TI - Analysis of the size variability of the human normal and cleft palate fetal nasal capsule by means of three-dimensional computer reconstruction of histologic preparations. AB - As part of an ongoing study of cleft palate fetal morphology, normal and dysmorphic development of the human fetal nasal capsule was studied in a cross sectional sample of 29 human fetuses (20 "normal" and 9 cleft), ranging in age from 8 to 21 postmenstrual weeks. The specimens were celloidin embedded, sectioned at 20 microns, and every tenth section stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A computer reconstruction technique was applied to produce three dimensional representations of the nasal capsule, nasal septal cartilage, and nasal airway. Qualitatively, the cleft palate nasal capsule exhibited gross abnormalities including cartilaginous nasal septum deformities, abnormal septal volume and hypertrophy, reduced nasal airway and capsule volumes, and abnormal spatial relationships between the nasal capsule components. These results suggest that the reduced nasal airways, noted clinically in cleft perinates, may be a function of an interaction of nasal capsule deficiency and nasal septum hypertrophy. However, when lengths and volumes were plotted against fetal postmenstrual age, producing fetal "growth" curves, no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were noted for growth rates (slopes) or nasal capsule size between the normal and cleft palate fetal samples. Curvilinear regression analysis revealed that both normal and cleft palate nasal capsule and septum lengths changed in a sigmoidal fashion, with the steepest increases from 13 to 17 weeks. In contrast, nasal capsule, airway, and septum volumes changed curvilinearly, showing slow relative growth rates from 8 to 17 weeks, which increased sharply from 18 to 21 weeks. Results suggest that from 8 to 21 weeks prenatally, normal and cleft palate specimens exhibited a similar pattern of fetal nasal capsule development that was characterized by an initial anteroposterior elongation followed by circumferential (i.e., volumetric) growth. PMID- 3477341 TI - Craniofacial morphology in isolated cleft palate prior to palatoplasty. AB - Roentgencephalometry was used in a study of 30 boys and 30 girls with isolated cleft palate prior to palatoplasty. Their ages ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 years. These patients were compared with a control series and with a group of 20 boys with unilateral cleft lip and palate, examined similarly prior to palatoplasty. The isolated cleft palate (CP) group showed four basic differences from the control group: a shortening of maxillary depth and mandibular length (body and ramus), a reduction of the posterior height of the upper face, and a marked widening of the nasal cavity. In contrast to the unilateral cleft lip and palate group the CP group failed to demonstrate a shortening of the anterior height of the upper face or an elongation of the lower face. There was also no indication of a posterior displacement of the upper jaw, of a dentoalveolar retroinclination of the maxilla, or of an increase of the interocular distance. The observed shortening of both jaws in the CP group might be of importance in understanding the pathogenesis of isolated cleft palate. Unilateral cleft lip and palate was not associated with a reduction of the depth of the upper jaw, although the observed shortening of the lower jaw and of the posterior height of the upper face and the widening of the nasal cavity were similar to those seen in isolated cleft palate. PMID- 3477342 TI - Type of facial cleft, associated congenital malformations, and parents' ratings of school and conduct problems. AB - Parents' ratings of conduct and school problems were evaluated in 79 subjects with palatal clefts. Subjects were divided into four groups consisting of: (1) unilateral complete clefts of the lip and palate (UC Group); (2) unilateral complete clefts of the lip and palate with associated congenital malformations (UC-C Group); (3) cleft palate only (CPO Group); and (4) cleft palate only with associated congenital malformations (CPO-C Group). Comparisons between groups suggested that subjects with associated congenital malformations, whether or not they had UC or CPO, tended to have more serious school and conduct problems when compared to children with clefts and no associated congenital malformations. The association of congenital malformations with a cleft lip and palate increased the risk of reported conduct problems at home and behavioral and learning problems at school. PMID- 3477343 TI - Application of cine computed tomography to the assessment of velopharyngeal form and function. AB - The mechanism of velopharyngeal closure is clearly three-dimensional in nature. Numerous attempts have been made to obtain a comprehensive picture of velopharyngeal movement, with varying degrees of success. A computed tomography scan system has recently been developed that may be used for real-time motion study of various body systems. This preliminary study was designed to assess the applicability of multi-level cine computed tomography scanning as a tool in the three-dimensional analysis of the velopharynx. One normal speaker and one speaker with an unrepaired palatal cleft were asked to phonate while serial sections were taken at 650-millisecond intervals through a number of transverse sections in the velopharyngeal region. This paper includes an explanation of cine CT technology, examples of scans on two speakers with clearly different velopharyngeal mechanisms, and discussion of the potential use of cine computed tomography as a tool in the analysis of both normal and disordered velopharyngeal function. PMID- 3477344 TI - Stuttering prevalence among patients at risk for velopharyngeal inadequacy: a preliminary investigation. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to provide preliminary information concerning the prevalence of stuttering among patients manifesting structural abnormalities of the velopharyngeal complex. Certain theoretical considerations suggested, a priori, that the prevalence of stuttering might be higher among these patients, although unsubstantiated clinical impressions indicated that the opposite was true. A retrospective study of 534 patients uncovered one individual whose speech was characterized by stuttering. This prevalence rate of 1.87 per 1,000 did not differ significantly from the 7 per 1,000 prevalence rate that would be expected in the general population. However, the lack of statistical significance may have resulted from the small sample size. Additional information from other craniofacial centers is needed to address this issue adequately. The theoretical implications of these initial findings are explored. PMID- 3477345 TI - Development of a second-generation phototransducer for the assessment of velopharyngeal activity. AB - There has been considerable interest in development of instrumental measures for quantifying velopharyngeal function. This paper describes the design and evaluation of a second-generation device that might be used to transduce opening magnitude and movement of the velopharyngeal valve. Miniature optoelectronic components were used to construct and evaluate the phototransducer on the basis of five a priori design objectives: (1) linear relationship between valve opening cross-sectional area and phototransducer output; (2) a response time quick enough to allow for accurate tracking of velopharyngeal movement; (3) insensitivity of the device to ambient light; (4) high sensitivity to valve opening magnitude; and (5) low cost. All five a priori design objectives were met. Potential usefulness of the device in both clinical and research applications and directions for future research are discussed. PMID- 3477346 TI - Feeding infants with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate. AB - In assessing 143 infants with cleft lip and palate, we found feeding problems to vary with the patients' anatomic lesion. Effective feeding techniques were identified by first assessing the infant's ability to generate negative intraoral pressure and to move the tongue against the nipple and then by matching these deficits to appropriate feeding devices. PMID- 3477347 TI - Simultaneous posterior pharyngeal flap and tonsillectomy. AB - Posterior pharyngeal flap (PPF) construction in patients with hypertrophied tonsils raises a significant concern for adequate airway maintenance. Most often, tonsillectomy, as a separate procedure, is done first. The authors have preferred to do both the PPF and the tonsillectomy simultaneously. Twenty consecutive cases are reviewed retrospectively to determine whether this has increased morbidity. All patients underwent posterior pharyngeal flaps for correction of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI). Postoperative fevers that resolved without specific treatment occurred in four patients. Three patients experienced postoperative bleeding problems, but only two were of tonsillar origin. No patient developed immediate airway obstruction, although a single patient was observed overnight in the intensive care unit. Another developed sleep apnea several months after the operation, which required that the posterior pharyngeal flap be taken down. This patient had an unusual amount of hypertrophic scar in the nasopharyngeal area, but not in the oropharynx. No other operative or postoperative complications were experienced. The average hospitalization was 4.2 days. It is concluded that simultaneous tonsillectomy and PPF construction may be performed safely in patients who need both procedures. PMID- 3477348 TI - RE: The latency of the visual evoked potential as an index of myelin disturbance in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3477350 TI - Major locus for red hair color linked to MNS blood groups on chromosome 4. AB - Red hair color (RHC) was studied in a Danish material of normal families that was tested earlier for 65 marker systems. We found 4.85% of the parents to be red haired or to have been so early in life. Scoring RHC for linkage as an autosomal dominant against blond and as hypostatic to dark hair gave a lod score of z = 5.50 at theta = 0.05 in males and theta = 0.24 in females for the MNS blood group system; this assigns a major locus for red hair to chromosome 4. PMID- 3477349 TI - The coexistence of male pseudohermaphrodites with 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency and 5 alpha-reductase deficiency within a Turkish kindred. AB - Two distinct enzyme defects affecting androgen production and resulting in male pseudohermaphroditism were found in a Turkish kindred from a small isolated village in the Taurus mountains of southern Turkey. Pedigree analysis revealed the inter-relationships of 9 male pseudohermaphrodites. Six affected subjects had adequate steroid hormone analysis. Two adult male pseudohermaphrodites had 17 ketosteroid reductase deficiency with elevated concentrations of plasma androstenedione relative to testosterone, and elevated concentrations of urinary androsterone (A) and etiocholanolone (E) relative to tetrahydrocortisol (THF), 5 alpha-tetrahydrocortisol (5 alpha-THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE). Four affected males (three adults, one child) had 5 alpha-reductase deficiency (elevated ratios of plasma testosterone/dihydrotestosterone and urinary 5 beta/5 alpha C19 and C21 steroid metabolites). The homozygous state for both enzyme deficiencies was not demonstrable in the same affected subject, suggesting that the enzyme deficiencies are segregating separately within this kindred. Whether the mutant genes are segregating on allelic chromosomes or other autosomes cannot be determined from this study. PMID- 3477352 TI - Abnormal diurnal urinary sodium and water excretion in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - 1. Diurnal patterns of urine output and sodium and potassium excretion were studied in 10 diabetic patients with and 10 without autonomic neuropathy, and in 10 normal subjects. 2. The diurnal patterns of excretion in the diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy differed significantly from the two other groups, as a smaller proportion of the 24 h output of urine, sodium and potassium was excreted during the day and a larger proportion was excreted at night. 3. Similar changes were noted in the diurnal patterns of urinary kallikrein excretion in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy, and urinary kallikrein output correlated significantly with urine volume but not with urinary sodium excretion. 4. The diurnal patterns of excretion of urinary prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were not significantly different in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. 5. Nocturia was a common complaint in this group, and the number of nocturnal voidings correlated with night urine volume. There was no evidence of premature bladder emptying. 6. The changes observed in the day/night urine output and sodium excretion could not be explained by glycosuria, insulin regimens, impaired renal function or abnormal diurnal prostaglandin excretion; their possible relevance to the diurnal changes of urinary kallikrein excretion is discussed. PMID- 3477353 TI - Microbial conditions and caries increment 2 years after discontinuation of controlled antimicrobial measures in Swedish teenagers. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the long-term effect of a special caries preventive program in teenagers. Over a 3-yr period directed and controlled antimicrobial treatment using Streptococcus mutans as an indicator organism resulted in a remarkable caries reduction especially in children with greater than 10(6) S. mutans per ml of saliva at the start of the study. Two years after discontinuation of the special preventive program 83 out of 101 subjects, 18-19 yr old, were reexamined. All the children had followed the same basic preventive program in the Dental Health Service. The number of S. mutans and lactobacilli per ml of saliva within and between control and test groups was with few exceptions practically the same as 5 yr earlier. During the posttreatment period the caries activity was similar in the control and test groups and lower than during the experimental years especially in the control group. Subjects with initial S. mutans level of greater than 10(6) CFU per ml of saliva continued to show incremental caries scores higher than those subjects with lower S. mutans levels. PMID- 3477351 TI - Feto-maternal HLA compatibility does not have a major influence on human pregnancy except for lymphocytotoxin production. AB - Several studies have supported the hypothesis that the maternal immune response to incompatible paternal HLA antigens present on the conceptus may influence pregnancy outcome. In order to relate feto-maternal histocompatibility directly to pregnancy course and characteristics, complete HLA-A, B and DR types were obtained from 132 healthy family groups consisting of mothers, fathers and neonates. The distribution of feto-maternal HLA compatibility was heavily skewed towards incompatibility, with 90% of fetuses being mismatched at 2 or 3 loci. There was no segregation distortion of paternal haplotypes, however, and the number of feto-maternal mismatches was close to that expected theoretically. More than 2% of the neonates were perfectly HLA-A, B and DR compatible with their mothers. The degree of feto-maternal HLA disparity showed no significant correlation with sex of neonate, birthweight, placental weight, maternal plasma alpha-fetoprotein or parity of the mother. Feto-maternal HLA disparity did, however, correlate significantly with maternal lymphocytotoxin production, even after allowance was made for parity (P less than 0.01). We conclude that feto maternal HLA compatibility per se does not have a major influence on pregnancy outcome, and in particular is unlikely to predispose to spontaneous abortion; so an absence of antigen sharing between spouses experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortions should not be regarded in itself as a contraindication to offering immunotherapy to such couples. PMID- 3477354 TI - Variability in assessment of need for orthodontic treatment when using certain treatment-need indices. AB - The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed in a sample of 29 children by using four treatment-need indices (ISMHB by the Swedish Medical Health Board, HMAR by Salzmann, INOT by Ingervall & Ronnerman, and TPI by Grainger). Furthermore, the need for treatment was evaluated clinically according to the criteria of Jarvinen. When scoring the cases, and when selecting the cases with the highest scores, the study showed a marked variation between the indices, and indicated that the different methods selected different groups of children for treatment. Indirectly, the conclusion could be drawn that there were differences in the validity of the indices, even though it was not possible to evaluate the degree of validity on the basis of the knowledge we have today about the disadvantages and consequences of malocclusions. PMID- 3477355 TI - Interactions between dentists and anxious child patients: a behavioral analysis. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of dentists' behavior on the (anxious) behavior of child patients. Twelve high-anxious and a matched group of 12 low-anxious children from 6 to 12 yr of age were selected and randomly assigned to one of six dentists: three with experience in treating fearful children and three without such experience. Each child was treated twice. The first treatment was prophylactic, the second, 2 wks later, consisted of preparation and restoration of a cavity (Class 1) under local anesthesia. While both treatment sessions were videotaped, only the latter one was used in this study. Data analysis which did not control for autocorrelations revealed 22 (out of 28) significant effects. Data analysis with a control for autocorrelations showed only two significant effects: 'working contact', which decreased fear related behavior and 'no physical contact', which increased fear-related behavior. PMID- 3477357 TI - Direct ratings of acceptance of dental treatment in Swedish children. AB - The aim of the present study was to bring forward data of acceptance of dental treatment for 3-16-yr-old children in a population with good dental health and annual dental care, and to evaluate the influence on acceptance of age, sex, residential area, and previous experience and present need of dental treatment. The material consisted of 2773 children. Direct ratings of behavior were made at each of 10 different treatment steps passed during dental appointments. The majority of children needed no more than one dental visit and 79% showed positive acceptance at all steps of treatment passed during dental visits. Eight percent of all children sometimes reacted in such a way that treatment could not be carried out without restraint or undue delay. Dental fear was diagnosed in 3% of all children. PMID- 3477356 TI - Behavior of dentists and child patients during treatment. AB - This study is part of a larger research project which aims to analyze children's dental fear by making a detailed analysis of the behavioral interactions between dentists and anxious child patients. The behavior of 12 high- and 12 low-anxious children was recorded on videotape during two dental visits in which the children were treated by either experienced or inexperienced dentists. Results indicated a relation between the dentist's experience in treating anxious children and the behavior of child patients. In general, children treated by experienced dentists showed more fear-related behaviors. Furthermore, the behavior of the dentist was related to both his experience and the fear level of the child patient. Experienced dentists showed more communicative behaviors than the inexperienced dentists, but all dentists communicated more with high- than with low-anxious children. Experienced dentists worked faster than inexperienced dentists, but treatment of the high-anxious children was not more time-consuming than treatment of the low-anxious children. PMID- 3477358 TI - Toward a typology of preventively oriented dentists. AB - This study identifies predictors of preventive behavior among dental general practitioners in New York State. A total of 217 clinicians was interviewed by telephone. Dentists practicing in an urban area (n = 120) and in a rural area (n = 97) were studied. A unit-weighted index of clinician preventive orientation was created, by summing z-score values for two preventive variables: the number of content items and the number of patient visits in an organized preventive program that entailed more than one visit. Multiple regression of this preventive orientation index on selected independent variables showed that, for the entire sample, variables representing involvement in academic and institutional dentistry, exposure to education through journals and courses, a predeliction for innovation, and the presence of a hygienist in the office, were most influential in creating a model that successfully predicted reported preventive behavior. Differences between urban and rural clinicians in predictors of preventive behavior are also identified. Data collected are compared with those of four previous studies that attempted to describe potential predictors of preventive behavior in dentists. PMID- 3477359 TI - Decision processes preceding full mouth extractions. AB - Full mouth extraction is the final step in a continuous process in which not only dental but also social processes play a role. In a research project concerning the reasons for full mouth extractions in The Netherlands, it was found that over one-third of the patients had considered full mouth extractions at least once before, and 16% considered it frequently over a period of many years. Anxiety was the most important reason for not visiting a dentist. In the patients' view in 86% of the cases they were the initiator of the decision to have all their teeth extracted. According to the dentist the patients initiated full mouth extraction in 70% of the cases. Dentists and patients agreed that irregular attenders more often took the initiative than regular attenders. Most patients (87%) had discussed the decision to have all teeth extracted with one or more persons; different contacts were reported by 14% percent of the patients. According to Freidson's lay referral theory two groups could be identified: a group with a severely truncated lay referral structure and a group characterized by a more extended lay referral structure. The first group was older (46 versus 36 yr) and had a more positive attitude towards full dentures. In order to avoid problems dentists are recommended to involve (a representative of) the patient's social network when important decisions have to be taken. PMID- 3477360 TI - Communication between a specialist dental hospital department and referring general dental practitioners: an attempt at clinical audit. AB - A study of the communication between an Oral Medicine Unit and general dental practitioners (GDP) in the West of Scotland is reported. This investigation was done by means of a postal questionnaire aimed at identifying the factors affecting the efficiency of communication and possible ways of improving the communication. The authors were concerned that in correspondence sent back to the referring GDP there may be some factor involved in the patient's care which was being omitted and which GDPs would like to see included in future correspondence. In addition the authors wished to ascertain the familiarity of the GDP, with the procedure for referring a patient to the Unit. The final part of the questionnaire invited constructive comments and criticisms from the GDP. Fifty percent of GDPs who responded to the questionnaire thought that the information received on the diagnosis, details of drug therapy and follow-up requirements of the patient was essential. Nearly all GDPs were familiar with the procedure for referring a patient to the clinic. However, only 57% were satisfied with the time lapse between the initial referral and receiving a reply. This data, together with other findings of the survey, is being actively employed to improve communication between the Oral Medicine Unit and GDPs in the West of Scotland. PMID- 3477361 TI - Epidemiologic study of idiopathic enamel hypomineralization in permanent teeth of Swedish children. AB - In the late seventies an increasing number of children showing extensive and severe idiopathic hypomineralization of the enamel of incisors and permanent first molars was reported within the Public Dental Services in Sweden. An epidemiologic study was initiated to analyze the prevalence, extension and severity in Swedish children born in 1970 and in the years before and after. 2252 children born in 1966-74 were examined according to well defined criteria on enamel hypomineralization. It was found that 15.4% of the children born in 1970 showed such changes. The corresponding figures for children born in 1966, 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1974 were 6.3, 7.3, 7.1, 5.2 and 4.4, respectively. PMID- 3477362 TI - Changing patterns of dental caries in Ethiopian adolescents who immigrated to Israel. AB - The aim of this investigation was to explore changes in caries prevalence and gingival health in adolescents who immigrated from Ethiopia to Israel, experiencing an abrupt cultural transition. Fifty adolescents, aged 15-17, born in Ethiopia, and 196 adolescents born in Israel were examined. All were pupils of a boarding school, sharing the same living conditions and eating schedules. The results showed a nearly sixfold difference in caries prevalence between the Ethiopian and the Israeli group (1.5/9.6). No differences could be seen clinically between the Ethiopians who immigrated more than 1 yr ago and those who arrived within the last year. Radiographically, a significant difference was found between the two Ethiopian subgroups. Those who arrived more than 1 yr ago had nearly three times more initial caries. Total interproximal caries scores for the Israeli group, Ethiopians who arrived more than 1 yr ago, and newly arrived Ethiopians were 6.9, 5.7 and 2.1 respectively. Oral hygiene was poorer in the Ethiopian group than in the Israeli group; little difference was found in gingival health. Change in dietary habits, more meals per day and more frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, could have been the cause of the change in caries rate. PMID- 3477363 TI - Dental health in Icelandic urban children aged 11 and 12 years. AB - A total of 1370 children were examined for caries, gingivitis, periodontal pocketing, calculus and loss of marginal alveolar bone. The mean DFT and DFS scores were 6.2 and 8.7 for 11-yr-old children and 8.2 and 12.1 for 12-yr-olds. The average number of initial caries lesions was 12.4 among 11-yr-olds and 15.7 among 12-yr-olds. The proximal and smooth surfaces accounted for 37% of the total DFS score in the 11-yr-old children and 43% in the 12-yr-olds. The median DFS score for the 11-yr-old boys and girls was 7, while for the 12-yr-old boys it was 9 and for the girls 11. Only 1.8% of the children were free from caries. The occurrence of gingivitis, expressed by GBI, was 20 in both age groups. 8% of the children showed no advanced gingival inflammation, while less than 1% had bleeding gingivitis at all examined surfaces. Supragingival calculus was found in 10% of the children. Neither periodontal pocketing nor loss of marginal alveolar bone was observed. PMID- 3477364 TI - Fluorosis and caries prevalence in a community drinking above-optimal fluoridated water. AB - Fluorosis levels and caries prevalence were evaluated in 182 adolescents aged 15 16 yr residing from birth in an area with 5 ppm fluoride in the drinking water. The mean number of surfaces affected by caries in the total study population was 5.46 DMFS. The teeth most susceptible to caries were the first molars. The prevalence of fluorosis was 100% with 53 subjects demonstrating mild fluorosis (according to Dean's index), 83 demonstrating moderate fluorosis, and severe fluorosis diagnosed in 46 subjects. A statistically significant positive association was found between caries prevalence and fluorosis; the more caries experienced, the more severe the fluorosis level. Boys experienced significantly higher fluorosis levels than girls. Further research will investigate the possible variables which may explain this difference in fluorosis by sex. PMID- 3477365 TI - Caries experience and sex related tea consumption amongst 13-14-year-old children in Palmyra, Syrian Arab Republic. AB - Associations were examined between caries experience and the volume of tea consumed/day by schoolchildren in Palmyra, Syria. Girls had significantly high DMFT scores and consumed less tea than boys. PMID- 3477367 TI - [Evaluation of the late results of antiseptic treatment of roots in multi-rooted teeth]. PMID- 3477366 TI - High-risk studies: the impact of research design on research results. PMID- 3477368 TI - [Healing of injured dental pulp covered by an ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) in light of morphological studies]. PMID- 3477369 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of 2 toothbrushing methods by students in grades 7 and 8]. PMID- 3477370 TI - [Functional-orthopedic management of cases before and after surgical treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis]. PMID- 3477371 TI - [Pathological changes in the oral mucosa in scleroderma]. PMID- 3477372 TI - [Imudon in the treatment of recurrent aphthae]. PMID- 3477373 TI - [Effect of various antibiotics on oral hygiene and gingival status of patients with severe periodontitis]. PMID- 3477374 TI - [Accumulation of fluorides in the nails]. PMID- 3477375 TI - [Analysis of the phosphorus content of healthy teeth in subjects of varying age]. PMID- 3477376 TI - [Oral health in special care children in the city of Cracow]. PMID- 3477377 TI - [Dental status with particular reference to attrition and the need for treatment in workers of 3 large industrial plants]. PMID- 3477378 TI - [Effect of age and tooth type on the solubility of enamel in relation to the fluoride content in drinking water]. PMID- 3477379 TI - [Frequency of malocclusion in preschool children from the Belchatow area]. PMID- 3477381 TI - [Frequency of the reinclusion of teeth]. PMID- 3477382 TI - [The bacterial flora in root canals of necrotic teeth]. PMID- 3477380 TI - [Presence of supernumerary deciduous teeth in children with cleft palate]. PMID- 3477384 TI - [Assessment of caries progression in children 10-12 years of age]. PMID- 3477383 TI - [Determinations of the levels of Zn, Cd and Pb in hard tissues of the teeth of school children exposed to above normal concentrations of these metals in air]. PMID- 3477385 TI - [Mandibular vascularization in human fetuses]. PMID- 3477386 TI - [Diagnosis of oral cancer]. PMID- 3477387 TI - [Tooth impaction into the nasal septum as a complication of facial injury]. PMID- 3477388 TI - [Radiological and clinical evaluation of the late results of the functional orthopedic treatment of subcondylar fractures with displacement of the mandibular capitulum]. PMID- 3477389 TI - [The diagnosis of open bite]. PMID- 3477390 TI - [Evaluation of the tissue tolerance of a new endodontic agent for disinfection of root canals]. PMID- 3477391 TI - [Creatine kinase activity in the saliva of subjects from areas with various fluoride content in drinking water]. PMID- 3477392 TI - [Effect of oral water sprays on the content of fluorides in saliva and dental plaque of workers at the Poznan phosphate fertilizer plant]. PMID- 3477393 TI - [Development in children with primary and secondary cleft palate. Evaluation of dental age]. PMID- 3477394 TI - [An instrument for oral vestibuloplasty]. PMID- 3477395 TI - [Statistical evaluation of 117 cases of root cysts]. PMID- 3477396 TI - [Ectodermal defect]. PMID- 3477398 TI - [Free and total sialic acid in saliva and dental caries]. PMID- 3477397 TI - [Retained teeth--studies using scanning microscopy and X-ray microanalysis]. PMID- 3477400 TI - [A device for the repositioning and stabilization of bone fragments in zygomatic maxillary fractures]. PMID- 3477399 TI - [Comparative studies of the efficacy of Polish and foreign fluoride toothpastes for preschool children]. PMID- 3477401 TI - [Bacteriological studies of the efficacy of the Turboclean device]. PMID- 3477403 TI - [Evaluation of the dental status and dental health needs of children 7 to 15 years of age from the Belchatow mining region]. PMID- 3477404 TI - [Viral hepatitis in Polish dentists in the light of survey data. Incidence]. PMID- 3477402 TI - [Evaluation of dental status in subjects over 50 years of age living in the province of Lublin]. PMID- 3477405 TI - [Oral mucosa in systemic sclerosis in the light of clinical, histological and immunological studies]. PMID- 3477406 TI - [The periodontal status of patients with scleroderma]. PMID- 3477407 TI - [The effect of prophylactic measures on the gingival health of school children]. PMID- 3477408 TI - [Insadol in the treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3477409 TI - New synthetic quinolone antibacterial agents and serum concentration of theophylline. AB - The effect of pipemidic acid and five new synthetic antibacterial agents- norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and pefloxacin--on the serum level of theophylline was studied in healthy male adult volunteers after concomitant oral administration of these agents with a slow release preparation of theophylline. The results indicated that enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and pipemidic acid might decrease the clearance of theophylline in the liver, and the attention should be paid in clinical use when enoxacin or pipemidic acid is coadministered with theophylline. PMID- 3477410 TI - Bilateral diaphragm paralysis treated with cuirass ventilation. AB - The therapeutic effects of cuirass ventilation were studied in two patients with bilateral diaphragm paralysis. Negative inspiratory and positive expiratory pressure applied to the cuirass shell was transmitted to the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Diaphragm excursion was enhanced. Nocturnal cuirass ventilation appears to be an ideal treatment for bilateral diaphragm paralysis. PMID- 3477411 TI - [Comparison of radiologically visible changes in the jaws in patients on chronic intermittent hemodialysis]. PMID- 3477412 TI - [Transdental use of pin implants]. PMID- 3477413 TI - [Evaluation of artificial saliva developed for the treatment of postradiation xerostomia. 1. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3477414 TI - [Meningiomas in the maxillofacial region]. PMID- 3477415 TI - [The island forearm flap in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand]. PMID- 3477416 TI - [Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia by retinoic acid with or without low dose cytosine arabinoside: report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3477417 TI - [Cytogenetic studies on 3 esophageal cancer cell lines]. AB - The cytogenetic studies on three esophageal cancer cell lines established in China were done. Thirty metaphases showing suitable chromosome length and good G banding pattern from each of the cell lines were chosen and subjected to karyological analysis. The typical karyotypes from these cell lines were listed, and the variation of chromosome number as well as the morphological characteristics, possible sources and the incidence of the marker chromosomes were analysed. Eca 109 is the cell line first established and used extensively in China. A strictly regular karyotype pattern was found in it: the modal number of chromosomes being 63-64; the number of each type of chromosome varying between 1 5; a distal deletion of short arm of chromosome No. 1 being discernible in all metaphases, with break sites located within 1p22-1p33. Also a distal deletion of long arm of chromosome No. 4 was usually visible. There were seven marker chromosomes with high incidence. Among them, M1 marker chromosome was a large subacrocentric chromosome which was observed in the early passages of this cell line. The chromosome number of Ec 17 cell line was usually subtetraploid. In addition to the numerical variation in some of the chromosomes, six marker chromosomes were usually observed. Among them, M1 involved reciprocal translocation between chromosome No. 1 and No. 4. M3 of Ec 17 was in correspondence with M5 of Eca 109. Both were Rob (13q;14q). The chromosome number of Ec 56 was usually subtetraploid, and in addition to the numerical variation in some of the chromosomes, seven marker chromosomes were usually observed. PMID- 3477418 TI - L-asparaginase-induced coagulopathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Haemostatic changes induced with vincristine (VCR), prednisone (PDN) and L asparaginase (L-ase) in 53 children with ALL were prospectively evaluated. Relative to pretreatment values, mean FG concentration diminished significantly in the first week with a minimal level in the third week and PT was prolonged during the first weeks of induction. APTT decreased significantly in the last week and after cessation of L-ase therapy. Mean concentration of factor VIII remained elevated during the entire period of L-ase therapy. Three children (5.6%) developed a cerebral thrombo/haemorrhagic complication. These data demonstrate that the tendency for thrombosis is the predominant clinical manifestation of L-ase-induced coagulopathy, when the drug is associated with VCR and PDN. PMID- 3477419 TI - The London symposia. Proceedings of ten symposia presented during the 11th International Congress of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 25 30 August 1985, London. PMID- 3477420 TI - Autoimmune neuropathies. PMID- 3477421 TI - Methods for computer-aided measurement of motor unit parameters. PMID- 3477422 TI - Topographic analysis of brain electrical activity. PMID- 3477423 TI - Removal of reference electrode and volume conduction effects by spatial deconvolution of evoked potentials using a three-concentric sphere model of the head. PMID- 3477424 TI - Intracranial recording and generators of the EEG. PMID- 3477425 TI - Studies of magnetic localisation of intracranial dipoles. PMID- 3477426 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging and complex partial seizures. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new imaging modality with potential usefulness in the evaluation of patients with seizure disorders. We studied 100 consecutive patients with complex partial seizures comparing computerized cranial tomography (CCT) with MRI. Our study revealed 36 patients with CCT abnormalities. Of these, 30 (83%) had focal abnormalities. MRI demonstrated 45 patients with abnormalities, 34 (76%) were focal. Intracranial calcifications were not visualized by MRI, but were easily demonstrated by CCT. MRI was more sensitive in visualizing cerebral atrophy, abnormal cerebral vasculature, and lesions in the posterior fossa and suprasellar region. Most importantly, several patients who had normal CCTs had abnormal MRIs consistent with neoplastic lesions. As MRI becomes more available, this imaging modality along with EEG, should be the studies of choice in evaluating patients with partial epilepsy. PMID- 3477427 TI - Mechanisms of generalized epilepsy with spike and wave discharge. PMID- 3477428 TI - Brain damage caused by seizure activity. PMID- 3477429 TI - Automatic detection and pattern recognition of motor unit potentials. PMID- 3477430 TI - Data processing for monitoring brain function during anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 3477431 TI - Polygraphic monitoring in prevention of ischaemic brain damage during surgery and intensive care. AB - The investigations described show: Firstly, the EEG concomitants of cerebral ischaemia are quantitatively related to the extent of subsequent infarction. Secondly, their time sequence can be characterised by relatively simple measures such as continuous display of amplitude variability (including clear indication of even very brief periods of electrocerebral silence) of the EEG filtered to emphasize the alpha and beta frequency bands. Addition of information about frequency distribution helps differentiate between effects of ischaemia and of anaesthesia. Thirdly, there is considerable potential value in the routine clinical use of such techniques to prevent ischaemic brain damage. The arguments for routine clinical monitoring are based on the cited correlative studies between EEG and clinical or neuropathological outcome and on follow-up studies as to the effect of intervention based on neurophysiological warning signs on clinical outcome (e.g., Kriticou and Branthwaite 1977). PMID- 3477432 TI - Monitoring of auditory evoked potentials during neurosurgical operations. PMID- 3477433 TI - Recent applications of electrophysiologic monitoring during surgery. AB - A multiplicity of electrophysiologic monitoring methods are available to assist the surgeon in operating on a patient in whom there is a risk of damage to neural structures. The applications and problems of each method must be considered in selecting the monitoring technique for each individual patient. PMID- 3477434 TI - Evoked potential monitoring of post-traumatic coma and its relation to outcome. PMID- 3477435 TI - Quantification of EMG on volition. PMID- 3477436 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials, jerk-locked EEG averaging and movement-related potentials in myoclonus. AB - Currently available evoked potential techniques can be applied in various combinations not just for supplementing diagnosis, classification and follow-up of myoclonus but also for investigating physiological mechanisms of various kinds of myoclonus. PMID- 3477437 TI - Evoked potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - The diagnostic value of the EP tests among patients suspected of having multiple sclerosis depends on the number of silent lesions the tests reveal. This number is influenced by technique, normal material, evaluation criteria, diagnostic classification and definition of silent lesions. Although the total number of EP abnormalities is higher among patients with definite MS, the incidence of subclinical lesions found by the tests is greater in patients with an uncertain diagnosis. In such patients, VEP revealed a silent lesion in 50%, BAEP in 38%, but SEP in only 13%. An abnormal EP recording has the same diagnostic value as has an abnormal sign, so there is no need to perform an EP test if the clinical examination shows involvement of the pathways. Normal recordings may also be valuable in reassuring patients with uncharacteristic symptoms that they are probably not suffering from MS. PMID- 3477438 TI - Critical steps in the development of methods for quantitative analysis of EMG. PMID- 3477439 TI - Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials to upper limb stimulation in lesions of brain-stem, thalamus and cortex. PMID- 3477440 TI - Cognitive neuropsychology and the problem of selective attention. AB - Cognitive psychologists focus on internal mental operations controlling access to consciousness, memory and responding. They are concerned with the way in which central intentions come to affect sensory and memorial processing. The problem of selective attention to visually presented stimuli provides an important model for integrating this approach with an understanding of underlying neural systems. Studies of humans and alert monkeys show that they can attend selectively to eccentric visual locations while maintaining fixation. The occurrence of a target eccentric to fixation induces a disengagement from the current attentional focus, a movement of attention and an engagement of the target. It has been shown that damage to the parietal lobe affects the ability to disengage, while midbrain injury affects the move component. Each hemisphere appears biased toward processing contralateral targets. In order for the posterior visual selection system to operate it must have access to another more general selective attention system not dedicated to visual spatial information. Thus attentional selectivity requires a multilevel hierarchical system with each level viewed as a network of component mental operations. At one level the component operations are dedicated to particular cognitive systems (e.g., visual-spatial) but at higher levels they seem to be general across different cognitive systems (e.g., visual-spatial and language). PMID- 3477442 TI - A preliminary comparison of the N400 response to semantic anomalies during reading, listening and signing. PMID- 3477441 TI - Mechanisms of early selective attention in auditory and visual modalities. PMID- 3477443 TI - Computer analysis of compound action potentials. PMID- 3477444 TI - Intracranial recordings of endogenous ERPs in humans. AB - Target detection and stimulus omission tasks of the type used to elicit scalp P300 and related potentials were studied in a group of 40 patients in whom intracranial electrodes had been implanted during evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Two distinct task-related intracranial ERP patterns have been identified, one in the medial temporal lobe and the other in the frontal lobe. These patterns overlap in time with each other and with scalp P300. The temporal lobe pattern consists of positive potentials dorsal and posterior to the hippocampus, sharp negative potentials within and medial to the hippocampus, and positive potentials in the vicinity of the amygdala. This 3-part pattern has been observed for counted targets in auditory, somatic, and visual modalities and for counted stimulus omissions with latencies that covary with scalp P300. This pattern is absent or greatly attenuated in ignore tasks when targets were not counted. The frontal pattern consists of a widespread negative-positive-negative sequence at deep sites which in some patients inverts in polarity at superficial sites and on the scalp. This pattern is consistent with a source or sources within the frontal lobe. Differences in shape and onset latency between the frontal and medial temporal lobe ERP patterns indicate that the former are not simply a distant recording of the latter. These data strongly suggest multiple contributions to scalp P300. PMID- 3477445 TI - The P300 as a metric for mental workload. PMID- 3477446 TI - Sources of exposure to neurotoxicants: neuropsychological and electrophysiological consequences. PMID- 3477447 TI - EEG and senescence: structural and behavioural correlates. PMID- 3477448 TI - Significance of cutaneous input for precise hand movements. AB - During precision manipulation of small objects a refined coordination of forces exerted on the object by the tips of the fingers and thumb is required. An essential feature of this coordination is that the grip forces change in parallel with the load forces produced to overcome various forces counteracting the intended manipulation. The balance between the grip forces and load forces tending to cause slips is adapted to the friction between the skin and the object, providing a relatively small safety margin to prevent slips. This adaptation, which is dependent on tactile afferent input from the fingers, works highly automatically. Tactile afferent signals account for an initial adjustment of the force balance to the current frictional condition, taking place soon after the object is initially touched. Moreover, brief bursts of action potentials elicited in dynamically sensitive units by small slips can trigger a change in this balance, resulting in an increased safety margin for the prevention of further slips. This change includes a rapid reflex response (latency 60-80 msec) together with updating of a sensorimotor memory maintaining the new force balance. PMID- 3477449 TI - Basic methods of EMG quantification. PMID- 3477450 TI - Spinal cord circuits in man--with a special reference to the reciprocal Ia inhibitory pathway. PMID- 3477451 TI - Anticipatory postural adjustments during human locomotion. PMID- 3477452 TI - Motor deficits after cortical lesions in man. PMID- 3477453 TI - Ovarian transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression: immunohistochemical localization to the theca-interstitial cells. AB - Rat ovaries were examined for the presence of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). Immature diethylstilbestrol-primed rats were treated for 3 days prior to sacrifice with or without FSH. Their ovaries were either fixed in formaldehyde for immunohistochemistry or the RNA was extracted for northern blot analysis. Hybridization with a rat TGF-alpha cDNA probe revealed a 4.5 kilobase mRNA whose abundance was markedly stimulated in the rats treated with FSH. Immunohistochemical staining, using a sequence specific monoclonal antibody to TGF-alpha, MF9, detected immunoreactive TGF-alpha only in the interstitial and theca cells. FSH treatment resulted in no appreciable change in the immunostaining. These results suggest that TGF-alpha is synthesized in the ovary, perhaps in the theca-interstitial compartment. PMID- 3477454 TI - A two-dimensional 1H-NMR study of the dam methylase site: comparison between the hemimethylated GATC sequence, its unmethylated analogue and a hemimethylated CATG sequence. The sequence dependence of methylation upon base-pair lifetimes. AB - We report two-dimensional NOE (NOESY) spectra on the sequence d(GCGATCATGG).d(CCATGATCGC) which contains the unmethylated dam site. As expected the DNA adopts a B-form conformation but appears to be distorted at the TG step of the second strand. This distorsion, probably bending, is not seen on the opposite strand. When the first strand is methylated on adenine in the GATC or CATG sequence the NOESY spectra indicate little or no change in the conformation. However the single strand-duplex exchange is slowed down to the slow-exchange region on a proton NMR time scale. We have assigned the exchangeable imino and cytidine amino resonances of the three duplexes. From the imino linewidths as a function of temperature, we observe that the unmethylated and the hemimethylated Gm6ATC duplexes melt normally from the ends. However, this is not so for the hemimethylated Cm6ATG duplex which, apart from the terminal base pairs, melts cooperatively and at higher temperature. In spectra recorded in H2O a second duplex is observed, for the Gm6ATC sequence, which we have not been able to identify. It is however unlikely to be a hairpin structure. Ultraviolet-melting curves also indicate the presence of two transitions for this duplex. The effect of methylation upon base-pair lifetimes has been studied by comparing the above three duplexes. Little effect is observed upon methylation in the GATC sequence but a drastic increase in the lifetimes of all base pairs is observed upon methylation in the CATG sequence. PMID- 3477456 TI - Absorption of epi-doxorubicin after intravesical administration in patients with in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Nine patients with in situ bladder cancer (TIS) were treated by intravesical instillation of epi-doxorubicin (epi-DOX). The amount of anthracycline in 1 ml plasma was in the nanogram range. 78.9 +/- 12.0% and 84.2 +/- 10.6% of the administered dose (30 and 50 mg, respectively) could be recovered. PMID- 3477455 TI - Methotrexate test-dose protocol in the presence of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) plasma concentration time curves (AUC) have been analyzed in 24 patients after different routes of MTX administration. After an i.v. bolus (50 mg/m2), the AUC for 7-OH-MTX is correlated with that for MTX and inversely correlated with the MTX plasma clearance. When MTX is administered with plasma steady level standardization, using the test-dose protocol, at a level of 10(-5) M over 36 hr (10(-5), 36 hr), 7-OH-MTX-AUC is still correlated with the i.v. bolus pharmacokinetic parameters. The dose prediction using the classical test-dose protocol provides a less efficient MTX dose adjustment at 5 X 10(-4) M over 8 hr (5.10(-4), 8 hr) and the hydroxylation process is no more correlated with the i.v. parameters. On the opposite, upon 6 successive infusions with 10(-5), 36 hr or 5.10(-4), 8 hr protocols, the plasma concentrations of 7-OH-MTX are not significantly modified. This suggests that the hydroxylation process is not inducible. PMID- 3477457 TI - Treatment of the lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Ten patients with lymphoid-type blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia were treated with combination chemotherapy comprising doxorubicin, vincristine, L asparaginase, and prednisone. Once remission was achieved in 9 (90%), consolidation with doxorubicin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide was given, and then maintenance chemotherapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate. Median remission duration was 12 months (range 2-18) and survival 17 (range 3-29). Drug related toxicity was manageable, leading to a major schedule alteration in 3 cases. These data suggest that combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin improves the prognosis of lymphoid blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3477458 TI - Biodistribution and tumour localization of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody during continuous infusion in nude mice with human tumour xenografts. AB - The distribution in athymic nude mice of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody 791T/36 has been assessed during continuous infusion from subcutaneously implanted Alzet Osmotic Minipumps. During prolonged administration (up to 15 days) blood levels continued to rise. At 15 days, distribution of radiolabel was virtually identical to that seen after a single parenteral dose. Blood levels were in good agreement to those expected from whole body levels indicating satisfactory entry of antibody into the vascular compartment. Gel filtration chromatography of osmotic minipump contents and circulating radiolabel showed that the antibody had retained its structural integrity. In mice with human tumour xenografts examined a 5-day infusion of a mixture of 131I-791T/36 antibody and 125I-control IgG2b, blood levels of both radiolabels were comparable to those expected from whole body levels and there was effective tumour localization of the antibody to 2.5 times that of control IgG. These studies have demonstrated that prolonged administration of monoclonal antibody is feasible, that antibody enters the vascular compartment satisfactorily and that it can then localize in tumour deposits. PMID- 3477459 TI - Tachykinin production by carcinoid tumours in culture. AB - Tissue specimens from 5 patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumours were kept in organ culture for up to 6 months. The tumour cells were confined to the suspension in the form of condensed cell clusters and appeared to retain their endocrine characteristics. Radioimmunoassay for tachykinin immunoreactivity showed high concentrations in 4 out of 5 culture media. The concentrations were highest in the beginning of the experiment, but subsequently decreased. The 4 patients from which these tumours were taken had all elevated tachykinin concentrations in extracted plasma. The fifth culture medium had low tachykinin concentration, and the concentration in extracted plasma from this patient was within the normal range. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the culture media with elevated tachykinin concentrations revealed immunoreactive components with the characteristics of synthetic neuropeptide K, neurokinin A and eledoisin, components also found in plasma and tumour tissues of carcinoid patients. Our findings indicate that carcinoid tumour cells produce tachykinins. These peptides are biologically very active, resulting in flush and hypotension when infused intravenously into normals, and might contribute to the clinical symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 3477460 TI - Dissociation of body weight and lean body mass during cancer chemotherapy. AB - Body weight and lean body mass are different reflections of the nutritional status of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the relation between lean body mass and body weight during cytostatic treatment was investigated in 3 groups of newly-diagnosed children and young adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia, osteosarcoma, or a small round cell sarcoma. Body weight and lean body mass were determined before and after an initial period of cytostatic treatment. Lean body mass was derived from total body water volume, which was assessed by deuterium oxide dilution. A significant dissociation between body weight and lean body mass was observed in leukemia patients (n = 8, P = 0.008, paired t-test), and in osteosarcoma patients (n = 13, P = 0.001). No dissociation was found in patients with a small round cell sarcoma (n = 8, P = 0.839). We conclude that during cancer chemotherapy periodic assessment of body weight may give a false picture of the preservation of lean body mass. Considering the course of body weight alone may prevent the establishment of a timely diagnosis of malnutrition, which is mandatory for optimal supportive care. PMID- 3477461 TI - Predictive value of serial CA 125 antigen levels in ovarian cancer evaluated by second-look laparotomy. AB - Serial serum CA 125 levels were measured before definitive surgery and during chemotherapy for 12 months or more in 64 patients with ovarian cancer. In the 42 patients who had a complete clinical remission and thus were subjected to a second-look laparotomy, an absence of disease was not predicted by patterns of CA 125 levels. Whilst rising or persistently high levels indicated the presence of tumour in 92% of patients, declining levels to negative predicted the absence of tumour in only 50%. Although the majority of these patients showed microscopic foci or a tumour mass less than 1 cm, 3 patients had a larger amount of disease. In the follow-up of 49 patients, the accuracy of prediction of a good outcome was better than that of a poor outcome on the basis of CA 125 patterns, with rates of 92% and 79%, respectively. Our findings indicate that CA 125 lacks sensitivity in detecting small tumour masses (less than 1 cm dia.) but rising or persistently high levels suggest a strong likelihood of a residual tumour to be found at a second-look laparotomy. PMID- 3477462 TI - Effect of dose and repeat intravenous 24 hr infusions of methotrexate on cerebrospinal fluid availability in children with hematological malignancies. AB - This pharmacokinetic study examined the relationship between methotrexate (MTX) dose and drug concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during repeated 24 hr infusions. Two regimens were used: an intermediate dose (ID) of 0.5 g/m2 (7 patients, 23 cycles) and a high dose (HD) of 2.5 g/m2 (8 patients, 39 cycles). Inter-patient variability in the drug concentration was apparent in serum and CSF for both doses. The dispersion was particularly wide in CSF for HD MTX. Considering median values, serum and CSF MTX were linked to dose escalation. Individual CSF/serum drug ratios were not modified by the dose (1.1% for ID MTX versus 1.4% for HD MTX). A potentially cytotoxic drug level in CSF (10(-6) M) was never obtained for ID MTX cycles, but was achieved in 44% of HD MTX cycles: for HD MTX, this corresponded to 88% of patients (7/8). Total body clearance did not modify the degree of CSF MTX passage. A positive, significant correlation (r = 0.62, P less than 0.05) was observed for ID MTX between individual serum and CSF MTX; no such relationship was seen with HD MTX. Individual cycle-to-cycle variations in the MTX concentration were particularly marked in CSF and for HD MTX, without strict concordance with blood levels. PMID- 3477463 TI - Oncogene amplification and clonal evolution in acute leukaemia. PMID- 3477464 TI - Kinetics of daunomycin in leukemia cells and leukocytes in vivo in the rat. AB - The capability of nucleated blood cells and leukemic cells to transport daunomycin (DNR) to target tissues in the body was investigated in the rat. The in vivo distribution kinetics of DNR entrapped in leukemia cells (brown Norway acute myeloid leukemia, BNML) or in nucleated bone marrow cells, which had been exposed to DNR (0.2 mg/5 X 10(7) cells) in vitro, were determined. It was found that BNML leukemia cells and normal bone marrow cells take up DNR according to a linear pattern up to 400 micrograms/5 X 10(7) cells. When these DNR loaded cells are infused into the rat, dose dependent distribution kinetics are observed. Compared to i.v. injection of the same dosage, cell-bound DNR leads to a higher concentration and a higher tissue area under the curve of DNR in the liver (P less than 0.05) and the spleen (P less than 0.05), while equal levels are attained in bone marrow. Lower concentrations and area under the curve of DNR are observed in cardiac tissue of normal rats (P less than 0.001) and leukemic rats (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that DNR entrapped into marrow and leukemia cells follows different kinetics from free DNR in plasma. PMID- 3477465 TI - Relation between leukaemic cell count and degree of maturation in acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - In acute myeloid leukaemia the peripheral leukocyte count is known to be a prognostic factor. The preserved capacity of leukaemic cells to mature has also been suggested to be one. In a series of 179 cases of adult acute myeloid leukaemia peripheral leukaemic cell count and degree of maturation were found to be inversely correlated. As the degree of maturation of leukaemic cells in peripheral blood was lower than that in bone marrow in the majority of cases, blast cells appear to be released more easily from the marrow than cells that have matured to some extent in the direction of the larger promyelocytic or promonocytic cell type. In a series of 35 cases we found peripheral blast cells to be smaller than those in bone marrow. Moreover, central blast cell diameter and peripheral leukaemic cell count were inversely correlated. Therefore, leukaemic cell size or some factor related to it may contribute to the preferential egress of small immature cells from the marrow. Differences in proliferative activity could not account for the inverse correlation between degree of maturation and leukaemic cell count. PMID- 3477467 TI - Differentiation-inducing factor for a human leukemic cell line produced by colony stimulating factor producing human lung cancer tissue. AB - We have found that medium conditioned by a colony-stimulating factor producing tumor derived from a granulocytosis case with lung cancer contained a factor to differentiate a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL-60) to macrophage-like cells that were butyrate esterase-positive and had phagocytosing activity and membrane Fc receptors. This differentiation-inducing factor was not active for a human myeloblastic cell line (KG-1), and was separated from a colony-stimulating factor by its molecular weight and isoelectric point. The conditioned medium did not contain a detectable amount of gamma interferon when tested by bioassay as well as by radioimmunoassay. This is the first report that a human lung cancer tissue produces not only a colony-stimulating factor, but also a differentiation inducing factor. The conditioned medium is considered to be a good source of differentiation-inducing factor. PMID- 3477468 TI - Effects of insulin-like growth factor I, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta on thymidine incorporation into fetal liver cells. AB - We have studied the effect of different growth factors on thymidine incorporation in cell cultures of erythroid cells from fetal calf and rat livers, a system which has been used in the past as a bioassay for the purification of erythropoietin and erythropoietin-like factors. Insulin-like growth factor I significantly stimulated thymidine incorporation in calf and rat liver cells. Its action in both cell types was practically identical to the effect of bovine serum erythrotropin, a peptide structurally similar to insulin-like growth factor II. The synergistic effect between insulin-like growth factor I and erythropoietin could be observed with partially purified sheep plasma erythropoietin but not with recombinant human erythropoietin. The highest thymidine incorporation was observed when both erythropoietin and insulin-like growth factor I were added simultaneously. Platelet-derived growth factor had a lower thymidine incorporation-stimulating activity than insulin-like growth factor and did not have any synergistic effect with erythropoietin in rat liver cells. Fibroblast growth factor (0.4-6.0 ng/ml) was completely inactive in the thymidine incorporation assay of calf liver cells. Transforming growth factor-beta alone at a concentration of 1 ng/ml significantly inhibited thymidine incorporation into rat liver cells. It seems that from all growth factors tested so far, those belonging to the insulin family of peptides are the most likely to be detected in the thymidine incorporation assays using calf or rat liver cells. PMID- 3477466 TI - Analysis of protein kinase activities in rabbit ciliary processes: identification and characterization using exogenous substrates. AB - Protein-kinase activities in rabbit ciliary process tissue were characterized and quantitated using histone, casein, and myosin light chain as substrates. At least four different protein-kinase activities were separated and identified in the supernatant (soluble) and in the particulate fraction using DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. Typical activities of the protein kinases in ciliary processes dissected from one eye were as follows: in the supernatant fraction; protein kinase C, 185.0 pmol min-1; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type II, 34.0 pmol min-1; casein kinase type II, 85.1 pmol min-1; protein kinase M, 9.8 pmol min-1: in the particulate fraction; protein kinase C, 55.1 pmol min-1; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type II, 12.5 pmol min-1; casein kinase type II, 13.4 pmol min-1, and protein kinase M, 5.5 pmol min-1. No cyclic GMP dependent and no calmodulin-dependent protein-kinase activities were detectable using histone, casein or myosin light chain as substrates. The apparent molecular weight of protein kinase C as estimated by exclusion chromatography on a column of Sephadex G-200 was about 90,000. Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of recently synthesized isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives (H-7 and H-8), heparin, and polylysine were studied in ciliary process protein kinases. H-7 and H-8 were potent inhibitors of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C and protein kinase M, (IC50 less than 10 microM) but had no inhibitory effects on casein kinase. Heparin at 4 micrograms ml-1 inhibited casein kinase activity almost completely without affecting cyclic AMP-dependent or protein kinase C activities. Poly D- or L-lysine were both found to activate (approximately double) casein kinase activity at 40 micrograms ml-1, but did not significantly activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C. These results provide basic information on the protein kinase enzymes in the ciliary process and show that protein kinase C is the major kinase in this tissue. This suggests a possible role of the Ca2+ and protein kinase C system in transport functions of ciliary processes and in the regulatory mechanism of aqueous-humor formation additional to the already established importance of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein-kinase enzyme. PMID- 3477469 TI - Plasma lipids in juvenile chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - Plasma lipid parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) were measured in 7 children with juvenile chronic granulocytic leukaemia, of whom 3 were with and 4 without xanthomas. In all cases, whatever the stage of the disease, these parameters were extremely altered. Plasma triglycerides were generally increased, total and HDL cholesterols were very low. No relationship seems to exist between these values and the occurrence of xanthomas. PMID- 3477470 TI - 1 alpha(OH)D3 (ETALPHA) treatment and receptor studies in 16 patients with chronic and myeloproliferative disorders. AB - 10 patients with CLL and 2 with CML were treated with gradually increasing doses of 1 alpha(OH)D3, up to 4 micrograms daily during 6 wk. 3 patients with preleukemia and 1 with myelofibrosis were treated with 2 micrograms daily of 1 alpha(OH)D3 for a prolonged period up to 17 wk. The treatment with 1 alpha (OH)D3 did not result in changes of disease parameters in any of the patients under study. Receptor studies for 1,25(OH)2D3 were performed in 8 CLL patients and revealed only 1 patient with increased specific receptor binding capacity. The maximum tolerable dose of 1 alpha(OH)D3 varied individually, but was in the range of 2-4 micrograms daily. PMID- 3477471 TI - Vincristine neuropathy and a Guillain-Barre syndrome: a case with acute lymphatic leukemia and quadriparesis. AB - A 3 1/2-yr-old boy with acute leukemia rapidly developed quadriparesis during induction treatment that included vincristine. Accompanying the paralysis, spinal fluid protein was increased. This has not previously been associated with vincristine neuropathy. In addition to leukemia, we suggest that the patient had the Guillain-Barre syndrome, potentiating the neurotoxicity of vincristine. PMID- 3477472 TI - The bcr-c-abl tyrosine kinase activity is extinguished by TPA in K562 leukemia cells. AB - Tyrosine kinase activity is associated with the transforming potential of several oncogenes. Human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells and cell lines have been shown to contain an active bcr-c-abl p210 tyrosine kinase as a consequence of the Philadelphia chromosomal translocation. In the present work the activity of the c abl and c-src oncogene-encoded tyrosine kinase was investigated during phorbol diester (TPA) induced differentiation of the K562 CML cells. The high tyrosine kinase activity of p210bcr-c-abl is strongly reduced during the initial 24 h of TPA treatment. In contrast, the activity of the c-src tyrosine kinase is not changed. No change occurs in the expression of the c-abl-specific RNAs during this period. Following the reduction of bcr-c-abl kinase activity, cell proliferation is arrested and megakaryoblastic antigens appear on the cells. Sodium butyrate caused a slight decrease in growth rate and of bcr-c-abl kinase activity during erythroid differentiation whereas no changes in c-src or c-abl tyrosine kinase activities were seen in DMSO-treated control cells. PMID- 3477473 TI - [Analysis of dental fractures referred to ambulatory oral surgery]. PMID- 3477474 TI - [A rare case of dislocation of the lower wisdom tooth]. PMID- 3477475 TI - [Longitudinal dental caries studies on female students of secondary health professional schools]. PMID- 3477476 TI - [The role of health education in preventive programs]. PMID- 3477477 TI - [Creating a model of oral biology of caries in rats. 2. Dynamics of the progression of the caries process]. PMID- 3477478 TI - [Rules and regulation of the Hungarian Dental Association as a member of the Hungarian Association of Societies of Medical Sciences. I. General rules]. PMID- 3477479 TI - [The place of radiotherapy in the management of cancers of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3477481 TI - [Comment on the communication: Methodical nutritional study on children participating in the Preventive Dental Program (WHO), by R. Pados and G. Ember]. PMID- 3477482 TI - [Creating an oral biology model for dental caries in rats. 3. Modulating the cariogenicity of the feed by changing the starch and saccharose content]. PMID- 3477480 TI - [Prognostic value of the size of the cross-section of endosseous implants]. PMID- 3477483 TI - [Preparation for root canal therapy using a new composite for posterior teeth]. PMID- 3477484 TI - [The use of ultrasound in endodontics: S.E.M. study and clinical controls]. PMID- 3477486 TI - [The flexible gingival mask. Step by step clinico-technical procedures. II]. PMID- 3477485 TI - [Sialolithiasis: current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches]. PMID- 3477487 TI - [3-dimensional closure of the root canal as a prerequisite for success in periapical surgery]. PMID- 3477488 TI - [Treatment of bi-trifurcation lesions. A clinical case]. PMID- 3477489 TI - [Use of retrograde obturation in apicoectomized teeth. Scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 3477490 TI - [Cutaneous fistulas of peri-mandibular manifestation due to chronic apical periodontitis]. PMID- 3477491 TI - [Natural, working and balancing interdental contacts]. PMID- 3477492 TI - [Cytological study in the diagnosis of oral epithelial neoplasms]. PMID- 3477493 TI - [Radiologic and histologic aspects of 100 cases of ameloblastoma of the jaws]. PMID- 3477494 TI - [AIDS: pathologic oral manifestations]. PMID- 3477495 TI - [Interrelations between orthodontics and periodontology. Orthodontic movement in periodontopathology. I]. PMID- 3477496 TI - [Longitudinal analysis of morphometric changes in free gingival autografts]. PMID- 3477497 TI - [Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite and of tricalcium phosphate with bone tissue]. PMID- 3477498 TI - [Electrognathography: diagnostic adjunct in the treatment of closed-lock joint]. PMID- 3477499 TI - [Interrelations between orthodontics and periodontology. Orthodontic movement in periodontopathology. II]. PMID- 3477501 TI - [The McNamara cephalometric analysis. Evaluation of orthopedic changes in Class II malocclusion]. PMID- 3477502 TI - [Communication of the educational message as a criterion of preventive dentistry]. PMID- 3477500 TI - [Class I restorations: SEM analysis]. PMID- 3477503 TI - [Retained supernumerary teeth in the 2 sexes: statistical study]. PMID- 3477505 TI - [An unusual case of facial paralysis]. PMID- 3477504 TI - [Periodontal lesions following surgical orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3477506 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the therapy of mandibular osteoradionecrosis]. PMID- 3477507 TI - Venture beyond burnout: the time is now. PMID- 3477509 TI - Managing accounts receivable: how to maximize cash flow. PMID- 3477508 TI - Marketing syndicates: short cut or short circuit? PMID- 3477510 TI - Effective ways to collect delinquent accounts. PMID- 3477511 TI - What the ADA can do to help build your practice. An interview with ADA marketing exec Paula Perich by Mark Saxon. PMID- 3477512 TI - Quiz: how sound is your investment strategy? PMID- 3477513 TI - Pefloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in geriatrics. AB - Pefloxacin was administered to 24 geriatric patients as treatment for lower respiratory tract infections contracted in hospital. Efficacy was evaluated by clinical, bacteriological and radiological parameters. Two-thirds of the patients responded well to therapy. Only two of 30 pathogens were not eradicated, but seven patients had superinfection or colonization by another organism. Tolerance was excellent, with only slight gastro-intestinal disorders. Pefloxacin was shown to be an effective and safe therapy for lower respiratory tract infections contracted in hospital in elderly patients. PMID- 3477515 TI - [Biochemical polymorphic systems in the migrant population of northeastern USSR. VI. Genetic structure of patients in separate nosological groups]. AB - Genotype frequency distribution for a number of polymorphic loci in patients differs significantly in different nosologic groups, in relation to each other and to a sample of healthy individuals. Genetic structure specificity of each nosologic group and different trends of genetic frequency variations, in relation to the sample of healthy individuals, leads to considerable decrease in genetic differences between the united group of pathology and healthy individuals' sample. Spatial differentiation of genetic structure of separate nosologic groups and healthy individuals' sample also confirms genetic isolation of each of these groups and, at the same time, reveals clearly nonspecific biological resistance of human organism. PMID- 3477514 TI - Inhibition of myogenic differentiation by fibroblast growth factor or type beta transforming growth factor does not require persistent c-myc expression. AB - Skeletal muscle differentiation is accompanied by accumulation of the mRNA encoding the muscle isoenzyme of creatine kinase (MCK) and can be suppressed by serum components, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), or type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta). Using the nonfusing myogenic cell line, BC3H1, the potential involvement of c-myc in growth factor-dependent inhibition of myogenesis was examined. Withdrawal of undifferentiated myoblasts from the cell cycle in medium with 0.5% serum was associated with a precipitous decline in expression of c-myc mRNA followed by induction of MCK mRNA. In 0.5% serum containing TGF beta, c-myc mRNA declined to a level identical to that in differentiated cells; however, MCK mRNA was not expressed. Exposure of quiescent differentiated cells to FGF or TGF beta caused disappearance of muscle-specific gene products and was accompanied by only transient low level induction of c-myc mRNA. These data indicate that persistent c-myc expression is not required for growth factor-mediated inhibition of myogenic differentiation. PMID- 3477517 TI - Chronic myeloid leukemia presenting as a gynecological emergency. AB - An unusual case of chronic myeloid leukemia presenting to the gynecological unit as a case of septic abortion is presented. Though history and clinical examination suggested the possibility of double pathology of septic abortion and chronic myeloid leukemia, histology of the products removed from the uterus showed it to be leukemic deposits. The diagnosis of leukemia was confirmed by marrow aspiration (trephine biopsy). Careful clinical examination and systematic investigation helped in diagnosing the pathology and to treat her appropriately. PMID- 3477516 TI - The effects of deletions in the leader sequence of cat-86, a chloramphenicol resistance gene isolated from Bacillus pumilus. AB - The cat-86 gene of Bacillus pumilus, specifying a Cm-inducible CAT enzyme, was cloned previously into B. subtilis on plasmid pUB110. Various lines of evidence suggest that control of expression of this gene is at the level of translation and involves inverted complementary repeat sequences 5' to the initiation codon. A series of deletions have been generated in this region and their effects on the induction of cat-86 observed in B. subtilis, Escherichia coli and a number of ribosomal mutant strains of B. subtilis. The results indicate that the inverted complementary repeat sequences, which are capable of forming a stable stem-loop structure in the mRNA (delta G = -24.4 kcal/mol), form a barrier to translation in E. coli and B. subtilis. PMID- 3477518 TI - Incidence of placental sulfatase deficiency on the mode of termination of pregnancy. AB - The mode of termination of pregnancy in case of placental sulfatase deficiency (PSD) has been considered in a 28-case series from our laboratory. After comparison with 75 other cases collected from the literature and also with reports concerned with normal pregnancies it appears that in the case of PSD: first, the gestation length is not increased; second, the parity of the patients has no influence on the mode of delivery; third, spontaneous vaginal delivery can occur (67.8% in our series, 43% in the literature series); fourth, the failure rate of labor, especially when induced, is higher than in a normal population; fifth, the high rate of C-section, largely due to the failure of labor, is enhanced by untimely interventions mostly in case of isolated PSD. If a pejorative incidence of PSD on the mode of delivery exists it must be at a moderate level, and intervention is unnecessary in absence of associated fetal and/or maternal complications. PMID- 3477519 TI - Proteinuria and excretion of ribonuclease in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - Elevated RNase activity which occurs in serum and urine of CGL patients parallels the urinary protein excretion. Acid RNase and alkaline RNase activities in urine of CGL patients, as well as acid and alkaline RNase clearance values correlated with the urinary protein concentration. Mean urinary protein level in CGL patients was approximately twice as high as that in controls. The molecular mass of CGL urinary proteins ranged from 12,000 to 80,000 proving the LMWP type of proteinuria. No particular protein contributed to the elevation of LMWPs in CGL urine. Among numerous protein fractions, albumin, acid alpha 1 glycoprotein, prealbumin RNase and in a few cases LZM were observed. The results of this study suggest that the increase of RNase activity in serum and urine reflects a more general phenomenon of increase in excretion of the entire set of LMWPs. PMID- 3477520 TI - Auer rods in the acute myeloid leukemias: frequency and methods of demonstration. AB - One hundred and twenty-five cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were reviewed for the presence of Auer rods by two peroxidase methods. The percentage of Auer rods recognized by Wright-Giemsa (WG) staining was 20.8% but three times higher by peroxidase staining techniques using either benzidine base as a substrate (PO method) or 3,3'-diaminobenzidine as a substrate (DAB method). Both PO and DAB methods were equally sensitive in identifying Auer rods, the higher percentage being in FAB types M2 and M4 and lower in M1, M3, and M5B, with none in M5A. Cell counts of at least 100 cells were as accurate as counting cells up to a total of 1000 consecutive blasts. PMID- 3477521 TI - Immunologic phenotype of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. PMID- 3477523 TI - Analysis of the linkage JK-IGK, MNS-GC and of two other possible linkage groups. AB - The possible linkage groups JK-JGK, MNS-GC, GPT-ESD and GPT-HP have been analysed in families of middle-European origin. Linkage of JK-JGK and MNS-GC could be confirmed, the group GPT-ESD needs further data and for GPT-HP no evidence of linkage was revealed. PMID- 3477522 TI - Localization of the human multiple drug resistance gene, MDR1, to 7q21.1. AB - Multiple drug resistance has been shown to be associated with amplification/increased expression of a gene designated MDR. The localization of one member of the MDR gene family, MDR1, to the long arm of chromosome 7 by in situ hybridization is reported. PMID- 3477525 TI - 18th International Leucocyte Culture Conference. June 19-24, 1987, La Grande Motte, France. Abstracts. PMID- 3477524 TI - Morphological shift at relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3477526 TI - Membrane and functional characterization of lymphoid and macrophage populations of Peyer's patches from adult and aged mice. AB - Properties of macrophages isolated from Peyer's patches were compared with properties of peritoneal macrophages. We found a very low expression of all types of Fc receptors as well as a low expression of Ia antigens on Peyer's patch macrophages. No substantial changes in the levels of FcR and Ia antigen expression were found during the process of ageing. The investigation of phagocytic activity showed the activated state of Peyer's patch macrophages. Comparing the surface markers of lymphocytes obtained from Peyer's patches of mice of different ages, we found no differences in the numbers of sIg+, Thy-+ or L3T4+ lymphocytes. The numbers of FcR+ and Lyt 2.2+ lymphocytes decreased markedly with age. PMID- 3477527 TI - Quantitative estimation of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens carrying the Bw4 supertypic specificity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - A monoclonal antibody specific for HLA-Bw4 was employed for the quantitative estimation of class I antigens on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and on the human macrophage cell line U 937. The epitopes reactive with the HLA-Bw4-specific antibody, which are present on different antigens coded by the HLA-A or the HLA-B locus, were characterized in terms of equilibrium and kinetic binding parameters. The level of expression of class I antigens on human lymphocytes was found to be in direct proportion to the gene dose. Variations between donors of the same phenotype were of minor importance. Estimation of the association constant, association rate constant, and half-life of dissociation for the interaction of the antibody with lymphocytes heterozygous for either HLA-A24, HLA-A32, HLA-A9, or HLA-Bw4 strongly suggested that the public antigenic determinant shared by these antigens is identical. PMID- 3477529 TI - Menstrual-related fluctuations in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3477528 TI - Skin manifestations in infants with AIDS. AB - We have observed a peculiar skin manifestation that resembles cutis marmorata in three patients with AIDS and may be included among the several clinical aspects of AIDS in pediatric patients. One of the three patients died 4 months after the diagnosis. In an another patient, the skin lesion is still present 2 years after appearance. PMID- 3477530 TI - Stress and academic achievement in teenagers: assessment and intervention. PMID- 3477531 TI - The relationship between threatened unemployment and stress among airline employees. PMID- 3477532 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility and cognitive-behavior therapy. PMID- 3477533 TI - Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of high volume intraperitoneal aclacinomycin-A (Aclarubicin). AB - Aclacinomycin-A (Aclarubicin) is a relatively new anthracycline antibiotic with potential activity against ovarian cancer. Eight patients with various malignancies (4 ovary, 1 breast and ovary, 1 breast, 1 colon, 1 leiomyosarcoma) and intraperitoneal disease were treated in a Phase I trial with escalating doses of intraperitoneal Aclacinomycin. Drug treatments were administered through a peritoneal catheter in a 2 liter fluid volume (1.5% Dianeal). Seventeen cycles were administered with doses ranging from 25 to 75 mg of Aclacinomycin. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in 7 patients. Although high concentrations of Aclacinomycin could be obtained in the peritoneal cavity no drug was detected in the plasma. The major dose-limiting toxicity was chemical peritonitis. Two patients had reduction in the amount of ascites. The recommended dose for Phase II trials is Aclacinomycin 50 mg in 2 liters given every 2 weeks. PMID- 3477534 TI - Investigation of some biological trait markers in migraine: deuterated tyramine challenge test, monoamine oxidase, phenolsulfotransferase and plasma and urinary biogenic amine and acid metabolite levels. PMID- 3477535 TI - Mammary steroidogenesis: therapeutic implications. PMID- 3477536 TI - [Perioperative prophylaxis with cefmenoxime and metronidazole in patients with head and neck tumors]. AB - Twenty-one patients with carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx and the tongue underwent surgery under perioperative prophylaxis with cefmenoxime and metronidazole. Healing was uneventful and the clinical and the chemical parameters remained normally. The level of the antibiotics was effective against most of the bacteria cultured from tracheal aspirate and the posterior wall of the oral cavity. Effective perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary in head and neck surgery: the use of simple antibiotics in short courses should be assessed. PMID- 3477537 TI - Regulatory alterations of daily energy expenditure induced by fasting or overfeeding in unrestrained rats. AB - The consequences of fasting or overfeeding during 2 days on energy expenditure were investigated by continuously monitoring O2 consumption in unrestrained, unanesthetized rats. O2 consumption decreased by 15% on the 1st day of fasting and then by an additional 15% on the 2nd day. On the 3rd day, when rats were fed again, energy intake increased by 30% above control (prefasting) values, whereas energy expenditure rapidly increased but no more than control values. On the other hand, when ad libitum fed animals were offered a sucrose solution (32%) for 2 days, energy intake increased by 30% and energy expenditure by 9-12%. On the 3rd day, when the rats were fed with their normal diet, energy intake significantly decreased under control (preoverfeeding) values during one day, but energy expenditure rapidly returned to normal values. The results show that fasting decreases, whereas hyperphagia increases 24-h energy expenditure during the treatments. When the treatments are terminated, energy expenditure rapidly returns to normal values, but fasting induces a postfasting increase of energy intake (during 2 days), whereas hyperphagia, on the contrary, results in a transient decrease of appetite. This indicates that alterations of food intake induce compensatory changes of energy expenditure during the treatments, but that after the treatments, energy balance is normalized via regulatory adjustments in the ratio of energy expenditure over energy intake. PMID- 3477538 TI - Effect of PGE2 on preoptic and anterior hypothalamic neurons using brain slice preparation. AB - In the present study, effects of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on the hypothalamic neurons were investigated using slice preparations of rats. Warm- (57%) and cold responsive (33.3%) and thermally insensitive (42.3%) neurons were facilitated by PGE applied in a culture chamber. Some neurons (5.1%) showed inhibitory response to PGE2. The remaining neurons did not show any responsiveness to PGE2. Moreover, we also examined the effects of PGE2 on the hypothalamic neurons both in normal Krebs-Ringer solution and synaptic blocking medium (low Ca2+, high Mg2+). Most of the neurons (12/15) retained their responsiveness to PGE2 in the synaptic blocking medium, indicating that PGE2 has a direct action on the hypothalamic neuron. Therefore, it is conceivable that neurons in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic region that respond to PGE2 might play an important role in the development of fever. However, characteristics of neurons responding to PGE2 were not determined based on their thermoresponsiveness. PMID- 3477539 TI - Unusual radiographic bone abnormalities in leukaemia. Report of three cases. PMID- 3477540 TI - Isolation, identification, and chemical synthesis of 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10 seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one. A new metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 produced by mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1). AB - It is known that phagocytic cells such as monocyte-macrophages and myeloid leukemia cells metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Now we have found that phagocytic cells metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 not only to 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 but also to a new metabolite eluted just after 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on straight phase high pressure liquid chromatography with a 2-propanol-hexane solvent system. The new metabolite, produced by murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1), was isolated in pure form and identified as 8,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one on the basis of mass, ultraviolet, infrared, and proton magnetic resonance spectra. The 8 alpha-hydroxy epimer of the putative metabolite was chemically synthesized in two steps starting from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The spectral data and chromatographic behavior of chemically synthesized 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9,10-seco 4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one coincided exactly with those of the isolated metabolite, indicating that the stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group at the 8 position is alpha. On the basis of the structural characteristics of the two metabolites produced from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (the present metabolite and 10-oxo 19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3), it is suggested that dioxygenases are involved in the production of these metabolites from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in phagocytic cells. PMID- 3477541 TI - The active site of blood coagulation factor Xa. Its distance from the phospholipid surface and its conformational sensitivity to components of the prothrombinase complex. AB - The location of the active site of membrane-bound factor Xa relative to the phospholipid surface was determined both in the presence and absence of factor Va using fluorescence energy transfer. Factor Xa was reacted with 5-(dimethylamino) 1-naphthalenesulfonyl- glutamylglycylarginyl(DEGR) chloromethyl ketone to yield DEGR-Xa, an analogue of factor Xa with a fluorescent dye attached covalently to the active site. When DEGR-Xa was titrated with phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine vesicles containing octadecylrhodamine, fluorescence energy transfer was observed between the donor dyes in the active sites of the membrane-bound enzymes and the acceptor dyes at the outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer. Based on the dependence of the efficiency of singlet singlet energy transfer upon the acceptor density and assuming kappa 2 = 2/3, the distance of closest approach between the active site probe and the surface of the phospholipid bilayer averaged 61 A in the absence of factor Va and 69 A in the presence of factor Va. These direct measurements show that the active site of factor Xa is located far above the membrane surface. Also, association of factor Xa with factor Va on the membrane surface to form the prothrombinase complex results in a substantial movement of the active site of the enzyme relative to the membrane surface. The 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl emission in the complete prothrombinase complex was distinct from that in any other combination of components. It therefore appears that the optimum conformation of the prothrombinase active site is achieved only when factor Va, Ca2+, and a membrane surface interact simultaneously with factor Xa. Thus, in addition to its previously demonstrated ability to stimulate factor Xa binding to membranes, factor Va, upon association with factor Xa on a phospholipid surface, allosterically induces a particular active site conformation in factor Xa and also positions the active site at the correct distance above the membrane for prothrombin activation. PMID- 3477542 TI - Increase in cholesterol sulfotransferase activity during in vitro squamous differentiation of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells and its inhibition by retinoic acid. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that rabbit tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture undergo terminal differentiation at confluence to yield cornified cells much in analogy to epidermal keratinocytes and that one biochemical marker of this process seems to be the accumulation of cholesterol sulfate by the cells. The current work addresses the possible causes of this accumulation. Our studies show that the stimulation of cholesterol sulfate is paralleled by an increased activity of the biosynthetic enzyme cholesterol sulfotransferase. Squamous differentiated cells exhibited 20- to 30- fold higher levels of this enzyme activity than that in undifferentiated cells. As with other markers of squamous cell differentiation, the increase in cholesterol sulfotransferase can be prevented by the inclusion of retinoids in the cell culture medium. Inhibition of sulfotransferase levels can be observed at concentration of retinoic acid as low as 10(-11) M. The enzyme activity is optimal at pH 7 in buffers containing 0.2 M NaCl and 0.01% Triton X-100. Apparent Michaelis constants for the substrates 3' phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and cholesterol are 1 microM and 0.6 mM, respectively. Our results indicate that the increase in cholesterol sulfotransferase is the proximate cause for the accumulation of cholesterol sulfate in rabbit tracheal epithelial cells during squamous cell differentiation. PMID- 3477543 TI - Effects of vitamin D3 metabolites on cytosolic free calcium in confluent mouse osteoblasts. AB - A fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, acetoxymethyl Quin2, was used to quantify changes in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of confluent mouse osteoblasts. 1,25 - Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 - (OH)2D3, 10-100 pM), 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25-(OH)D3, 10-100 nM), parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-84), 0.1-10 nM), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10-1000 nM) all induced immediate (t less than 15 s) transient increases in [Ca2+]i, from a basal level of 135 +/- 8 nM to levels of 179-224 nM. These increases rapidly returned to a plateau approximately 10% higher than the basal level. 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D2, 0.1-10 nM) induced a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i which remained elevated for 5 min before decreasing. The 1,25-(OH)2D3- and PTH-induced spikes were abolished by the prior addition of EGTA and Ca2+ entry blockers (verapamil, nifedipine, 1 microM) while the responses to 25-(OH)D3, 24,25-(OH)2D3, and PGE2 were unaffected. Addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 + EGTA or PTH + EGTA caused enhanced Ca efflux. Addition of drugs which interfere with calcium sequestration by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (caffeine, 4 mM; 8-(diethyl-amino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate HCl, 0.5 mM) or mitochondria (antimycin, 10 microM; oligomycin, 5 microM) showed that 25 (OH)D3 and PGE2 mainly mobilized Ca2+ from ER. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and bovine PTH caused a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, 70% of which resulted from Ca2+ influx from outside the cells and 30% by release from the ER. The [Ca2+]i increase induced by 24,25-(OH)2D3 included a 30% contribution from the ER and 70% from the mitochondria. PMID- 3477544 TI - 5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits transcription of the beta-hemoglobin gene in vivo at initiation. AB - The mechanism by which 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) inhibits transcription of the beta-major Hb gene in vivo was investigated in differentiated Friend erythroleukemic cells (FELC). Steady-state nuclear RNA from untreated and DRB-treated FELC was analyzed by the S1 nuclease assay using [32P]DNA probes labeled at their 3' end close to the site of transcription initiation. DRB severely inhibited transcription of full-length beta-major Hb mRNA precursor molecules and did not increase the production of short, promoter proximal transcripts. In addition, nascent beta-major RNA transcripts were labeled with [alpha-32P]UTP in nuclei isolated from DRB-treated FELC and untreated FELC and hybridized to separate restriction fragments spanning the entire beta-major Hb gene. DRB inhibited transcription of the promoter-proximal and promoter-distal beta-Hb DNA restriction fragments uniformly by 75-80% and did not detectably increase the amount of short transcripts. Moreover, a brief reversal of the DRB inhibition in vivo increased the number of short, nascent, promoter-proximal beta-Hb transcripts apparently as a result of reinitiation. These data indicate that DRB inhibited transcription of the beta-major Hb gene in vivo at initiation. PMID- 3477545 TI - Induction of monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D analogs. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal form of vitamin D, induces differentiation of HL-60 human promyelocytes into monocyte-like cells in vitro. We assessed the relative activity of 30 analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inducing development of monocytic markers in HL-60 cells. The three differentiation markers assayed were nonspecific acid esterase activity, nitro blue tetrazolium reducing activity, and phagocytic capacity. Of the known metabolites of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the most active; 50% of the cells exhibit the mature phenotype following a 4-day treatment with 10(-8) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Removal of either the C-1 or C-25-hydroxyl group reduces activity by 2 orders of magnitude, while epimerization of the 1 alpha- to 1 beta-hydroxyl group virtually abolishes activity. Elongation of the steroidal side chain of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 by addition of one carbon at C-24 or C-26 improves the potency by an order of magnitude. Truncation of the steroidal side chain leads to a 10-fold reduction in activity for each carbon removed. Elimination of the C-26 and C-27 methyl groups reduces activity 100-fold. Analogs with short aliphatic side chains as 1 alpha-hydroxyhomo- and bishomopregnacholecalciferol have surprisingly high activity, being only 20-fold less potent than the natural hormone. The activity of most analogs in the HL-60 system parallels their known relative affinities for the well characterized 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in chick intestine, providing further evidence that this function of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 is receptor mediated. PMID- 3477546 TI - Iron-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii requires the iron protein of nitrogenase. AB - Nitrogenase is composed of two separately purified proteins called the Fe protein and the MoFe protein. In Azotobacter vinelandii the genes encoding these structural components are clustered and ordered: nifH (Fe protein)-nifD (MoFe protein alpha subunit)-nifK (MoFe protein beta subunit). The MoFe protein contains an ironmolybdenum cofactor (FeMo cofactor) whose biosynthesis involves the participation of at least five gene products, nifQ, nifB, nifN, nifE, and nifV. In this study an A. vinelandii mutant strain, which contains a defined deletion within the nifH (Fe protein) gene, was isolated and studied. This mutant is still able to accumulate significant amounts of MoFe protein subunits. However, extracts of this nifH deletion strain have only very low levels of MoFe protein acetylene reduction activity. Fully active MoFe protein can be reconstituted by simply adding isolated FeMo cofactor to the extracts. Fe protein is not necessary to stabilize or insert this preformed FeMo cofactor into the FeMo cofactor-deficient MoFe protein synthesized by the nifH deletion strain. Extracts of the nifH deletion strain can carry out molybdate and ATP-dependent in vitro FeMo cofactor biosynthesis provided Fe protein is added, demonstrating that they contain the products encoded by the FeMo cofactor biosynthetic genes. These data demonstrate that the Fe protein is physically required for the biosynthesis of FeMo cofactor in A. vinelandii. PMID- 3477548 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate inhibits growth in S49 cells: isolation of resistant variants. AB - We have used S49 mouse lymphoma cells to study phorbol ester effects on growth. Treatment of wild-type (wt) cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in growth arrest within 72 hr. We have selected variants that are resistant to PMA-induced growth arrest, based on a selection in the presence of 10 nM PMA. We have characterized one of these variants, termed 21.1, in detail. The 21.1 and wt cells contain similar levels of protein kinase C (PKC) as determined by [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding. Treatment of both wt and 21.1 cells with PMA results in translocation of PKC to the membrane, suggesting that the coupling between PKC and an immediate biological response is intact. PMA treatment leads to the phosphorylation of many similar proteins in wild-type and 21.1 cells. However, in the 21.1 cells there is a prominent substrate of approximately 70 kilodaltons (kD) which is no longer phosphorylated after PMA treatment. In wild-type cells ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and mRNA levels are decreased within 1 hr of PMA treatment. Likewise, ODC levels are decreased in the 21.1 cells after exposure to PMA even though PMA only slightly modulates the growth of these cells. The 21.1 cells represent a unique line with a dominant phenotype in which ODC expression is uncoupled from the growth state of the cell. These cells may represent a good model system in which to examine the steps involved in phorbol ester growth regulation in S49 cells. PMID- 3477549 TI - The cytoskeleton: cell function and organization. Proceedings of the British Society for Cell Biology-The Company of Biologists Limited Symposium. Norwich, April 1986. PMID- 3477547 TI - The mechanism of osmotic transfection of avian embryonic erythrocytes: analysis of a system for studying developmental gene expression. AB - We have undertaken a study of the mechanism of DNA transfer into primary chicken erythrocytes by a method named osmotic transfection. The cells are subjected to controlled osmotic swelling in NH4Cl and then ruptured in a lower osmotic strength solution containing DNA and DEAE-dextran. The osmotic rupture results in transient formation of a single hole in the cell membrane, which is followed within hours by recovery of near normal levels of RNA and protein synthesis. The association of DNA with the cells is much greater for ruptured than for unruptured cells or for cells that have been lysed and resealed before DNA is added. Transient formation of pores in the cell membrane is apparently essential for high rates of macromolecular transfer into the cell. DEAE-dextran increases the amount of DNA associated with the cells, especially after cell rupture. Our understanding of the mechanism has allowed us to extend the application of osmotic transfection to essentially all developmental stages of avian erythroid differentiation. Osmotic transfections were done with plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene placed between the chicken beta globin promoter and the 3' beta-globin enhancer. The pattern of CAT expression at sequential developmental stages parallels that of the endogenous gene, showing that osmotically transfected cells appear to retain developmental fidelity. The approach provides a convenient, sensitive, and flexible system for the study of transient gene expression as a function of development. PMID- 3477551 TI - Observations of microfilament bundles in living cells microinjected with fluorescently labelled contractile proteins. AB - Fluorescently labelled contractile proteins (alpha-actinin and filamin) were used to study the dynamic nature of three types of microfilament bundles: myofibrils, stress fibres and polygonal networks. Cultured muscle and non-muscle cells that were microinjected with fluorescent alpha-actinin rapidly incorporated the labelled protein into Z-bands, stress fibre densities and the polygonal foci. Living, injected cells were then observed for varying periods of time, and changes in orientation and periodicity of the myofibrils, stress fibres and polygonal networks were recorded. Permeabilized cells were also reacted with fluorescently labelled proteins and with contractile protein antibodies in order to analyse further the changes taking place in the myofibrils and stress fibres. In both living cardiac myocytes and living skeletal muscle myotubes, contractile myofibrils were present in the same cell with non-contractile nascent myofibrils. The periodicities of small Z-bodies in the nascent non-contractile myofibrils were shorter than the Z-band spacings in the contractile myofibrils, yet both types of myofibrils contained muscle myosin. Over a period of 24 h, a nascent myofibril in a living, microinjected myotube was observed to grow from Z-body spacings of 0.9-1.3 micron to full sarcomere spacings (2.3 microns). During the same time, nascent myofibrils appeared de novo and Z-band alignment became more ordered in the fully formed myofibrils. Stress fibres were not observed to undergo the predictable type of growth seen in myofibrils, but stress fibre periodicities did change in some fibres; some shortened while others lengthened. The orientation of fibres shifted in cytoplasm of both mobile cells and stationary cells. Attachment plaques and foci also changed position and in some cases subdivided and/or disappeared. Models of stress fibres and polygonal networks are presented that suggest that the changes in the periodicities of the dense bodies in stress fibres and the distances between polygonal foci are related to the movement of the interdigitating actin and myosin filaments. PMID- 3477550 TI - Reticulomyxa: a new model system of intracellular transport. AB - Reticulomyxa is a large multinucleated freshwater protozoan that provides a new model system in which to study intracellular transport and cytoskeletal dynamics. Within the cell body and reticulopodial network, rapid, visually striking saltatory organelle motility as well as bulk cytoplasmic streaming can be readily observed. In addition, the cytoskeletal elements within these strands undergo dynamic splaying and fusing rearrangements, which can be visualized by video enhanced light microscopy. A reactivatable lysed cell model has been developed that appears to preserve, and therefore permits examination of, these three forms of motility in a more controlled environment. Individual organelle movements are microtubule-based and have similarities to, but also differences from, the recently described kinesin-based transport. This lysed cell model can be further manipulated to provide native, ordered, completely exposed networks of either microtubules or microfilaments, or a combination of both, and thus may serve as a versatile motility assay system in which to examine the movement of exogenously added isolated organelles or latex beads. PMID- 3477552 TI - Comparison of spindle elongation in vivo and in vitro in Stephanopyxis turris. AB - The spindle in dividing cells of the diatom Stephanopyxis turris contains three distinct classes of microtubules: central spindle microtubules, which slide over each other and grow during anaphase spindle elongation; kinetochore-attached microtubules, which are located on the outer surface of the central spindle; and peripheral microtubules, which fan out from the spindle poles in astral-like arrays. The poles are multilayered structures, which remain attached to the spindle after isolation. In vitro, after addition of ATP, central spindles elongate and the two half-spindles slide completely apart with a concurrent decrease in the extent and magnitude of the zone of microtubule overlap. Spindle elongation takes place in spindles whose chromatin has been removed by enzymic digestion and the extent of elongation in vitro is increased by the addition of neurotubulin. After ATP addition the arrays of interdigitating microtubules in the zone of overlap become disordered and selectively depolymerize from the overlap zone polewards. In some reactivated spindles an unusual structure, a striated fibre, can be seen running from the pole plates part of the way towards the spindle midzone. The fibre has no precedent in mitotic ultrastructure and its function is unclear. These results demonstrate that we can duplicate the essential elements of anaphase B in vitro and that this system will be useful for further studies of the molecular basis of spindle elongation. PMID- 3477553 TI - Growth polarity and cytokinesis in fission yeast: the role of the cytoskeleton. AB - The distribution of F-actin in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was investigated by fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin. Fluorescence was seen either at the ends of the cell or at the cell equator. End staining was predominantly in the form of dots whilst equatorial actin was resolved as a filamentous band. The different staining patterns showed a close correlation with the known pattern of cell wall deposition through the cell cycle. In small, newly divided cells actin was localized at the single growing cell end whilst initiation of bipolar cell growth was coincident with the appearance of actin at both ends of the cell. As cells ceased to grow and entered cell division, a ring of actin was seen to anticipate the deposition of the septum at cytokinesis. The relationship between actin and cell wall deposition was further confirmed in three temperature-sensitive cell division cycle (cdc) mutants; cdc10, cdc11 and cdc13. Immunofluorescence microscopy of S. pombe with an anti-tubulin antibody revealed a system of cytoplasmic microtubules extending between the cell ends. The function of these was investigated in the cold sensitive, benomyl-resistant mutant ben4. In cold-grown cells actin was seen to form conspicuous filamentous rings around the nucleus. The origin of these and the possible role of microtubules in the cell-cycle-dependent rearrangements of F actin are discussed. PMID- 3477554 TI - Tubulin isotypes: generation of diversity in cells and microtubular organelles. AB - Diversity of tubulin isotypes is illustrated by consideration of the beta-tubulin isotypes of higher plants and the eukaryotic microbe, Physarum polycephalum, and by the alpha-tubulin isotypes of the protozoan, Trypanosoma brucei. The carrot plant expresses six, well-defined beta-tubulin isotypes that possess characteristic two-dimensional gel coordinates. These six beta-tubulin isotypes are differentially expressed during development of the flowering plant. In a similar manner, Physarum expresses three separate beta-tubuli isotypes during its life cycle; of the two beta 1 isotypes, one is expressed solely in the myxamoeba whilst the other is expressed both in the myxamoeba and in the plasmodium. A further beta-tubulin isotype, beta 2, is expressed only in the plasmodium. In carrot and in Physarum the generation of beta-tubulin diversity appears, in the main, to be generated by the differential expression of a beta-tubulin multi-gene family. However, tubulin isotypes can also be generated by post-translational modifications and T. brucei utilizes two different modifications within one cell. First, the primary translation product, the alpha 1-tubulin isotype, can be acetylated to produce the alpha 3 isotype. Second, both the alpha 1 and alpha 3 isotypes appear to exist in both tyrosinated and detyrosinated forms. The generation of these alpha-tubulin isotypes within the same cell and their presence in particular cellular domains, modulated throughout the cell cycle, reveals a complex relationship between alpha-tubulin isotypes produced by post translational modifications and the dynamics of microtubule construction. PMID- 3477555 TI - Mutations affecting microtubule structure in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Three types of microtubules are seen in the neuronal processes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Single cytoplasmic microtubules of most neurones have 11 protofilaments whereas those of six touch receptor cells have 15 protofilaments. The axonemes of sensory cilia have nine outer doublets with a variable number (up to seven) of singlet microtubules. Mutations in 11 genes affect the appearance of these microtubules. PMID- 3477556 TI - Morphogenesis and the control of microtubule dynamics in cells. AB - Microtubules show unusual dynamic properties at steady state in vitro. While overall the polymer mass remains stable, individual polymers in the population are either growing or shrinking. This phenomenon called dynamic instability is best explained by the known coupling of polymerization to GTP hydrolysis, and the hypothesis that the stability or instability of the whole polymer is determined by whether GTP or GDP is bound to the terminal subunit. Similar unusual dynamics have now also been found in vivo. By visualizing new subunit assembly after injection of tubulin modified with biotin into living fibroblast cells, we can visualize new growth on individual microtubules with antibody to biotin. Microtubules grow in vivo at about 4 microns min-1 and after rapid and precessive depolymerization old microtubules are replaced by new growth from the centrosome. Some microtubules turn over much more slowly and these stable microtubules have a different spatial distribution from the majority of dynamic ones. The existence of both stable and dynamic microtubules in the same cell suggests a model for morphogenesis of the microtubule cytoskeleton. The rapid turnover of microtubules in the cell provides a complex population upon which selective factors can act. Stability can be generated at the end of the polymer and affects the entire microtubule. This model of selective stabilization at the microtubule ends is discussed in terms of recent experiments on the establishment of kinetochore-pole microtubules during mitosis. PMID- 3477558 TI - Association of RNA with the cytoskeleton and the nuclear matrix. AB - Heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) is preferentially associated (76%) with the nuclear matrix in mammalian cells. Active mRNA, in the form of polyribosomes, is associated (greater than 97%) with the cytoskeletal framework. In this report, we present evidence that the association of both hnRNA and mRNA with structural networks of the cell may be essential features of gene expression. To study the association of polyribosomes with the cytoskeletal framework, cytochalasin D was used to release mRNA from the cytoskeletal framework. Protein synthesis was inhibited by cytochalasin D in direct proportion to the release of mRNA. The released mRNA is unaltered in its translatability as measured in vitro but is no longer translated in the cytochalasin-treated HeLa cells. The residual protein synthesis occurs on polyribosomes that are reduced in amount but display a normal sedimentation distribution. The results support the hypothesis that mRNA binding to the cytoskeletal framework is necessary, though not sufficient, for translation. Further fractionation of the cytoskeletal framework separates nuclear constituents into three distinct protein fractions. Chromatin proteins and 94% of the DNA are released by 0.25 M-ammonium sulphate after inter nucleosomal DNA is cut with DNase I. The resulting structure retains 76% of the hnRNA in the form of ribonucleoprotein and is designated the RNP-containing nuclear matrix. The proteins of hnRNP complex are those associated with the nucleus only if RNA is intact. These proteins and 97% of the hnRNA are released after brief digestion with RNase A. Visualizing the nuclear matrix using resinless sections shows that nuclear RNA plays an important role in the organization of the nuclear matrix. Electron micrographs of resinless sections show the interior of the matrix to be a three-dimensional network of thick filaments bounded by the nuclear lamina. The filaments are densely covered with 20-30 nm electron-dense particles, which may contain the hnRNA. The RNP-depleted matrix is disordered and the interior fibres aggregated. These results suggest that hnRNA is involved in the spatial organization of the interior of the nuclear matrix. PMID- 3477559 TI - Molecular biology of DNA repair. Proceedings of the joint meeting of the DNA Repair Information Network and the British Society for Photobiology. Manchester, April 1986. PMID- 3477557 TI - Cytoskeletal dynamics in the mouse egg. AB - The distribution and roles of the microtubule and microfilament networks in the mouse egg following fertilization are described. The role of the chromosomes in the control of the egg cytoskeleton organization is discussed and a model for polar body formation proposed. Finally we described the changes occurring in the pattern of proteins synthesized during this period, these being discussed in relation to cell cycle events and to change in cytoskeleton organization. PMID- 3477560 TI - Properties and mechanism of action of eukaryotic 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases. AB - 3-Methyladenine-DNA glycosylase activities have been identified in all eukaryotic cell systems studied. Some of the results from these studies are reviewed here. The enzymes possess molecular weights between 24 X 10(3) and 34 X 10(3), they have a broad pH optimum at approximately pH 8, require double-stranded DNA and act in the absence of any cofactors. The enzyme can excise several different methylated bases from DNA such as 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine and 3 methylguanine. The specific activity of this DNA glycosylase in mouse L-cells was found to be a function of the proliferative state of the cell. In vitro quantification of this DNA repair activity in synchronized mouse L-cells suggests that it is regulated within a defined temporal sequence prior to the onset of DNA replication. Using DNA fragments of defined sequences it was observed that the efficiency of removal of the methylated bases is sequence-dependent. PMID- 3477561 TI - Genetic evidence for nucleotide excision repair of O6-alkylguanine in mammalian cells. AB - Human cells that lack O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AT) activity can remove O6-butylguanine (O6-nBuG) produced in cellular DNA by exposure to N-n butyl-N-nitrosourea as determined by radioimmunoassay of enzyme digests of DNA. Fibroblasts from xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation groups A and G that show less than 5% unscheduled DNA synthesis following exposure to UVC failed to remove O6-nBuG. Hence it appears that O6-alkylguanine is repaired in cells that lack AT by a process that is defective in XP cells, presumably nucleotide excision repair. Neither V79 nor V79/79 Chinese hamster cell lines have AT activity and both are able to remove O6-nBuG from DNA. However, only V79/79 is able to remove O6MeG, suggesting some substrate specificity of the excision repair process. Comparison of relative levels of O6-alkylation by N-methyl-, N ethyl-, N-propyl- and N-n-butyl-nitrosourea indicate that approximately equal levels of O6-alkylation are produced by equitoxic doses of these agents. PMID- 3477562 TI - Molecular evidence for cleavage of intradimer phosphodiester linkage as a novel step in excision repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine photodimers in cultured human cells. AB - A re-analysis of the metabolic fate of ultraviolet light (u.v.)-induced cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of dermal fibroblasts from patients with different genetic forms of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare cancer-prone skin disorder, has provided new insight into the mode of dimer repair in normal human cells. When DNA isolated from post-u.v. incubated cultures was subjected to enzymic photoreactivation (PR) to probe dimer authenticity, single-strand scissions were produced in the damaged DNA of incubated XP group A and D cells, but not in DNA from XP group C cells or normal controls. Since enzymic PR treatment ruptures only the cyclobutane ring, these results suggested that in dimer excision-defective XP group A and D strains, the intradimer phosphodiester bond may have been cleaved without site restoration. Such a cleavage event had not previously been detected; the possibility that this reaction may be an early step in the normal excision-repair process is supported by the observed release of free thymidine (dThd) and its monophosphate (TMP), but not of thymine, upon photochemical reversal of the dimer-containing excision fragments isolated from post-u.v. incubated normal cells. The combined number of dThd and TMP molecules released was equal to approximately equal to 80% of the number of dimers photoreversed; for such release to occur, the dimer must both be at one end of an excised fragment and contain an internal phosphodiester break. Taken together, these data lead us to propose a novel model for dimer repair in human cells in which hydrolysis of the intradimer phosphodiester linkage precedes the concerted action of a generalized 'bulky lesion-repair complex' involving conventional strand incision/lesion excision/repair resynthesis/strand ligation reactions. PMID- 3477563 TI - DNA synthesis in irradiated mammalian cells. AB - One of the first responses observed in S phase mammalian cells that have suffered DNA damage is the inhibition of initiation of DNA replicons. In cells exposed to ionizing radiation, a single-strand break appears to be the stimulus for this effect, whereby the initiation of many adjacent replicons (a replicon cluster) is blocked by a single-strand break in any one of them. In cells exposed to ultraviolet light (u.v.), replicon initiation is blocked at fluences that induce about one pyrimidine dimer per replicon. The inhibition of replicon initiation by u.v. in Chinese hamster cells that are incapable of excising pyrimidine dimers from their DNA is virtually the same as in cells that are proficient in dimer excision. Therefore, a single-strand break formed during excision repair of pyrimidine dimers is not the stimulus for inhibition of replicon initiation in u.v.-irradiated cells. Considering this fact, as well as the comparative insensitivity of human ataxia telangiectasia cells to u.v.-induced inhibition of replicon initiation, we propose that a relatively rare lesion is the stimulus for u.v.-induced inhibition of replicon initiation. PMID- 3477564 TI - The localization of ultraviolet-induced excision repair in the nucleus and the distribution of repair events in higher order chromatin loops in mammalian cells. AB - Several lines of evidence indicate that eukaryotic DNA is arranged in highly supercoiled domains or loops, and that the repeating loops are constrained by attachment to a nuclear skeletal structure termed the nuclear matrix. Active genes are transcribed at the nuclear matrix and during replication the loops are reeled through fixed matrix-associated replication complexes. We have investigated whether the repair of DNA damage also occurs in the nuclear matrix compartment. Biochemical analysis of confluent normal human fibroblasts, ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated with 30 J m-2 and post-u.v. incubated in the presence of hydroxyurea, did not show any evidence for the occurrence of repair synthesis at the nuclear matrix either 30 min or 13 h after irradiation. Autoradiographic visualization of repair events in single DNA halo-matrix structures confirmed the biochemical observations. At a biologically more relevant dose of 5 J m-2 repair synthesis seems to initiate at the nuclear matrix, although only part of the total repair could be localized there. In u.v. irradiated (30 J m-2) normal human fibroblasts post-u.v. incubated in the presence of hydroxyurea and arabinosylcytosine for 2 h, multiple single-stranded regions are generated in a DNA loop as a result of the inhibition of the excision repair process. Different biochemical approaches revealed that most of the single stranded regions are clustered, indicating that the repair process itself is non random or that domains in the chromatin are repaired at different rates. Preferential repair of certain domains in the chromatin was shown to occur in xeroderma pigmentosum cells of complementation group C (XP-C). In XP-C cells these domains are localized near the attachment sites of DNA loops at the nuclear matrix. In contrast, xeroderma pigmentosum cells of complementation group D as well as Syrian hamster embryonic cells with limited excision-repair capacities, revealed a random distribution of repair events in DNA loops. The preferential repair of matrix-associated DNA in XP-C cells may be related partly to repair of transcriptionally active DNA and this may account for the ability of XP-C cells, in contrast to XP-D cells, to recover u.v.-inhibited synthesis of DNA and RNA. PMID- 3477565 TI - Recent progress with the DNA repair mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Repair-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are being used to identify human genes that correct the repair defects and to study mechanisms of DNA repair and mutagenesis. Five independent tertiary DNA transformants were obtained from the EM9 mutant, which is noted for its very high sister-chromatid exchange frequencies. In these clones a human DNA sequence was identified that correlated with the resistance of the cells to chlorodeoxyuridine (CldUrd). After EcoRI digestion, Southern transfer, and hybridization of transformant DNAs with the BLUR-8 Alu family sequence, a common fragment of 25-30 kilobases (kb) was present. Since the DNA molecules used to produce these transformants were sheared to less than 50 kb in size, the correcting gene should be small enough to clone in a cosmid vector. Using drug-resistance markers to select for hybrids after fusion, we have done complementation experiments with ultraviolet light (u.v.) sensitive mutants and have identified a sixth complementation group, line UV61. Additionally, CHO mutants UV27-1 and MMC-2, isolated in other laboratories, were found to belong to UV group 3, which is represented by line UV24. To study the behaviour of transfected DNA molecules in repair-deficient cells, we treated plasmid pSV2gpt with either u.v. radiation or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) and introduced the damaged DNA into normal CHO cells (AA8) and mutants UV4 and UV5. Unrepaired damage to the plasmid was indicated by loss of colony forming ability of the transfected cells in selective medium containing mycophenolic acid. With u.v. damage, the differential survival of the cell lines was similar to that seen when whole cells are treated with u.v. However, with cis DDP damage, mutant UV4 did not exhibit the extreme hypersensitivity (50-fold) that occurs when cells are treated. This result suggests that UV4 cells may be able to repair cross-links in transfected DNA. PMID- 3477566 TI - Improved method for the determination of 4'-epidoxorubicin and seven metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - 4'-Epidoxorubicin, its seven metabolites and doxorubicin, as internal standard, were efficiently extracted from plasma using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. The recoveries ranged from 58% for doxorubicin aglycone up to 98% for 4' epidoxorubicin glucuronide. The anthracyclines were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography within 9 min and analysed by fluorescence. The assay was sensitive to 3 X 10(-10) M for the glucuronides up to 12 X 10(-10) M for 7-deoxydoxorubicin aglycone. The peak-height ratio of the fluorescence intensities of the anthracyclines versus doxorubicin showed a linear correlation with the concentration from the detection limit up to 2.5 X 10(-7) M (correlation coefficient r2 greater than 0.99). Within-day and between-day precision of the assay were in the ranges 2-14% (n = 6) and 2-11% (n = 6), respectively. PMID- 3477567 TI - Detection and titration of neutralizing antibodies to HIV using an inhibition of the cytopathic effect of the virus on MT4 cells. AB - An assay for determining neutralizing antibodies in sera from individuals infected with HIV was developed. This assay is based on an inhibition of the cytopathic effect observed after HIV superinfection of the HTLV-1-positive cell line MT4. Only about 10% of asymptomatic seropositive donors exhibit a high titre over 1/500 up to 1/2000 while in 60% of sera, neutralizing antibodies were not detected. The assay reported here can also be used for the comparison of the biological properties of the different strains of HIV. PMID- 3477568 TI - Steroid modulation of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activities in human placental villi in vitro. AB - Recent data are consistent with the presence of two 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (17 beta-HOR) activities in placental homogenates. One is localized to intracellular membrane fractions. The conversion of 17 beta estradiol (E2) to estrone (E1) by this enzyme can be completely inhibited in vitro by C19 and C21 steroids. The second activity is detected in microsomes, but is recovered principally in the cytosol. It also has 20 alpha-HOR activity, but has a high affinity only for C18 steroids. We used this difference to estimate the relative contributions of the two enzymes to E2, E1, and testosterone (T) metabolism by villous tissue in vitro. Fragments of tissue from vaginally delivered placentas (38-40 weeks) were incubated with [3H]E2, [3H]E1, or [3H]T as substrates and various unlabeled steroids as potential inhibitors. Approximately 40% of the E2 to E1 reaction was not inhibited by C19 steroids at 100-200 microM, whereas the conversion of T to androstenedione was inhibited by 90% or more under similar conditions. In contrast, the metabolizable C19 and C21 steroids, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, which inhibited the conversion of E1 to E2 by microsomes, stimulated E2 formation from E1 by villi. We conclude that nonspecific 17 beta-HOR accounts for approximately 60% of the E2 to E1 conversion and nearly all of the T to androstenedione conversion in villous tissue fragments. The data also suggest that net E2 formation in villi is catalyzed principally by the C18-specific 17 beta-HOR. PMID- 3477569 TI - Detection of early antibodies in human immunodeficiency virus infection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation. AB - A current concept of the serological response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in humans is that antibodies to core antigens (p55, p24, and p15) are detectable earlier during initial stages of antibody production than antibodies against envelope antigens (gp160, gp120, and gp41). Comparative studies of Western blot (immunoblot), radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during initial antibody production are limited to case reports and have not resolved the issue. Thirty of the 37 participants who are part of a prospective study had at least one specimen that was negative for anti-gp41 but had one or more other bands on Western blot. Twenty-seven of these 30 specimens were reactive for anti-gp120/160 in the RIPA. Of the same 30 specimens, kits from Bionetics identified 2 (7%), ElectroNucleonics 4 (13%), Abbott 13 (43%), Du Pont 25 (83%), and Genetic Systems 25 (83%). All participants had evidence of serological progression by Western blot, including a gp41 band, on subsequent visits; the ELISA kits of all manufacturers identified these later specimens with greater accuracy. These data show that the RIPA detects anti-envelope antibodies that may be not detectable by Western blot and that the production of anti-envelope antibodies approximately parallels the production of anti-core antibodies. The false-negative results by ELISA would permit transmission of HIV by blood transfusion from donors in early stages of infection. The sensitivity of licensed ELISA kits should be improved to identify antibody as soon as possible after infection. PMID- 3477570 TI - Disseminated Geotrichum candidum infection. AB - The pathogenicity of the fungus Geotrichum candidum in humans has not been clearly defined. A patient with acute leukemia who developed a fatal disseminated G. candidum infection while neutropenic is described. At autopsy examination, this patient was misdiagnosed on the basis of histopathology as having disseminated candidiasis until G. candidum was isolated from postmortem culture specimens. The emergence of this organism as an occasional pathogen in leukemic patients is of interest and illustrates the importance of obtaining fungal cultures. There is a need for more effective drugs for antifungal prophylaxis and therapy. PMID- 3477572 TI - 4-year observations of basic periodontal therapy. AB - A total of 2214 sites from incisors, cuspids, and premolars were studied in 46 adult periodontitis patients following treatment consisting of plaque control and root debridement. The periodontal status at 24 months was used as baseline for observations during the subsequent 24-48 month interval which included 4 recall visits for debridement at the 24-, 30-, 36-, and 42-month time points. The data were analyzed for pooled groups of sites of different probing depth at 24 months: less than or equal to 3.5 mm, 4.0-6.5 mm, and greater than or equal to 7.0 mm. The results showed little change during the 24-48 month interval in mean scores for bleeding on probing, probing depth, and probing attachment level for all 3 groups of sites. Individual sites with probing attachment loss during the 24-48 month period were identified. The frequency of such sites was similar, irrespective of 24-month probing depth. The sites identified with probing attachment loss during the 24-48 month interval generally differed in location from those identified as having probing attachment loss during the preceeding 0 24 month period. Often, the loss of probing attachment during the 24-48 month interval seemed to be a reversal of a prior gain in probing attachment during the 0-24 month interval. This study in non-molar teeth of subjects with generally good level of compliance failed to demonstrate that sites with deeper probing depth were more difficult to maintain than shallower sites. PMID- 3477573 TI - Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) from individual periodontally involved teeth. AB - The amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the root surface-associated material from individual periodontally-involved teeth has been determined. LPS was found in the surface material from all of the teeth and the amount present ranged from 19-394 ng/tooth. No significant correlation was found between the amount of LPS extracted from a particular tooth and the mean pocket depth associated with the tooth. However, a weak correlation (rs = +0.461, 0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01) was found between the amount of LPS and the % loss of attachment. PMID- 3477571 TI - Stimulation by leukotriene D4 of increases in the cytosolic concentration of calcium in dimethylsulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells. AB - The C6-sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) evoked increases in the cytosolic concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca+2]i) in dimethylsulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells, as assessed by the fluorescence of quin-2. The increases in [Ca+2]i reached a peak within 15-90 s, attained 50% of the maximum level at 1.2 nM LTD4 and 60 nM LTC4, were greater in maximal magnitude for LTD4 than LTC4, and subsided in 5-7 min. Flow cytometric evaluation of the LTD4-induced increases in [Ca+2]i, reflected in increases in the fluorescence of intracellular indo-1, revealed that a mean of 77% of differentiated HL-60 cells responded, as contrasted with lesser increases in only 50% of undifferentiated HL-60 cells. The capacity of pretreatment of HL-60 cells with LTD4 to prevent subsequent responses of [Ca+2]i to LTC4 and LTD4, and the finding that the serine-borate inhibitor of conversion of LTC4 to LTD4 suppressed concurrently both LTC4-induced rises in [Ca+2]i and increases in adherence to Sephadex G-25 indicated that the responses of HL-60 cells to LTC4 required conversion to LTD4. That pertussis toxin and a chemical antagonist of LTD4 reduced the [Ca+2]i response suggested a dependence on LTD4 receptors. The LTD4 induced increases in [Ca+2]i were dependent on extracellular calcium and diminished by lanthanum, but not affected by nifedipine nor associated with changes in membrane potential, as measured with the fluorescent probe 3,3' dipentyloxacarbocyanine. Thus, the increase in [Ca+2]i in HL-60 cells, which is coupled to an increase in adherence, appears to involve LTD4 receptor-specific and voltage-independent calcium channels in the plasma membrane. PMID- 3477574 TI - Periodontal status in university students. AB - The periodontal status of 217 5th-year students (aged 25-26 years and born in Helsinki) at the University of Helsinki was assessed. The students had been eligible for community-based dental care free of charge until the age of 18 years, after which they could obtain low-cost dental care from the Helsinki Student Health Service. Their periodontal status was determined according the community periodontal index of treatment needs; gingival retraction was recorded when 1 mm or more of the cementum was exposed. Code 0 sextant was found for 67% of the women and 57% of the men. 20% of the students examined had sextant scoring of code 3; no-one had code 4 sextants. 69% of the women and 49% of the men had gingival retraction, in average 1.5 +/- 0.5 mm. No correlation was found between the frequency of toothbrushing or the hand used for brushing and the number of retractions, nor did the number of healthy sextants correlate with the frequency of retractions. The findings emphasize the importance of better guidance regarding qualitative aspects of oral hygiene at home. PMID- 3477576 TI - Lack of bacterial invasion in experimental periodontitis. AB - The present study in the beagle dog was performed to analyze whether micro organisms from a subgingival microbiota could be translocated into or had the potential to invade the pocket epithelium and the gingival connective tissue during a phase of rapid breakdown of the attachment apparatus. An attempt was also made to assess whether tetracycline therapy suppressed the subgingival microbiota and changed the size and quality of the lesions in the gingival tissue. 5 inbred beagle dogs were used. Throughout the period of experimentation, the animals were fed a soft diet permitting gross accumulation of plaque and calculus. No mechanical plaque control measures were performed during the course of the study. On day 0, a 120-day period of periodontal tissue breakdown was initiated at the right mandibular 3rd and 4th premolars by tying cotton floss ligatures around the neck of these teeth. The process of tissue breakdown at the mandibular left 3rd and 4th premolars was started 30 days later. The ligatures were replaced once every 2 weeks during the subsequent 4-month period. On experimental day 120, the first biopsy was performed and gingival tissue sections prepared for light and electron microscopic assessment of a series of histometric characteristics. On day 120, a 30-day period of tetracycline (per os) administration was initiated. Each dog was given a dose of 500 mg tetracycline twice daily. On day 150, the biopsy procedure was repeated in the mandibular left premolar regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3477575 TI - Cigarette smoking and alveolar bone height in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene. AB - Smokers and non-smokers were compared with respect to alveolar bone height. The study covered 235 subjects aged 21-60 years, 72 of whom were smokers. Oral hygiene status and dental care habits were above average and of equal standard in both groups (PlI = 0.9). Alveolar bone height was assessed on radiographs and expressed as % of the root length. Alveolar bone height was significantly reduced in smokers as compared to non-smokers, the mean +/- SEM being 77.9 +/- 1.3% and 82.8 +/- 0.6%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Regression analysis suggested that periodontal breakdown judged from loss of alveolar bone over time was more accelerated in smokers than non-smokers. The lower bone height in smokers remained when age and oral hygiene were allowed for. It is concluded that smoking is a risk factor for periodontal health. PMID- 3477577 TI - Paget disease of the calvaria and facial bones with an osteosarcoma of the maxilla: CT and MR findings. AB - The CT and magnetic resonance (MR) findings of Paget disease of the calvaria and facial bones are described and compared with one another. The sites of dense, woven bone, myeloid marrow, and background Paget matrix can be clearly identified. A rare case of Paget sarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) of the facial bones is also presented. The distinction between this sarcoma and the Paget bone was clearer on CT than on MR. This presumably is because the bone is directly seen on CT and only indirectly imaged on MR. PMID- 3477578 TI - The hidden curriculum in dental education. PMID- 3477579 TI - Dental students' perceptions of the difficulty of faculty positions. AB - How undergraduate dental students at Dalhousie University perceive various aspects of the positions held by faculty members was determined by responses on a 20-item questionnaire. Comparisons of item responses by students' class year, age group, marital status, sex, and perceived class standing generally produced a similar rank order of questionnaire items. Students perceived faculty positions that involved a high degree of administrative responsibility as being more difficult than preclinical instruction and part-time faculty positions. Research was perceived by students to be of low importance to faculty. It is important to consider the various perceptions that students hold regarding faculty positions if changes are planned to improve the teaching environment. A wide divergence between the perception held by faculty and students regarding the difficulties of a faculty position may hinder optimum student-faculty relationships. PMID- 3477580 TI - Organizational characteristics of dental schools associated with research productivity. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify organizational characteristics of dental schools that relate to research productivity. Published data on 53 U.S. dental schools comprised the seven predictor variables. The criterion variable of school research productivity (SRP) was defined as the aggregate number of faculty publications generated by each dental school. Using stepwise multiple regression, it was found that three of the variables predicted 34 percent of the variance in SRP: (1) level of NIDR funding, R2 = .28; (2) student/faculty ratio, R2 = .31, and (3) number of library books, R2 = .337. An ANOVA was conducted between source of basic science instruction and SRP and revealed that the use of medical school faculty to teach basic science courses for dental students had the strongest positive relationship to SRP. The "ideal" combination of dental school characteristics associated with research productivity was $420,000 or more in NIDR funds, a student/faculty ratio of 4.75 or less, a dental library with at least 10,000 dental-related books, and the use of medical school faculty to teach basic science courses. PMID- 3477581 TI - Teaching dental materials using the personalized system of instruction. AB - Tailoring instruction to the individual needs of students is one approach to ensuring that students with lower scholastic aptitudes obtain the skills and knowledge necessary to function successfully as professionals. This study determined the effects of the personalized system of instruction (PSI) on end-of course achievement, aptitude-achievement relationships, long-term retention, and course attitudes. The PSI method of instruction was compared to a conventional lecture/laboratory approach for teaching a dental materials course to dental hygiene students. Although there was no significant difference between conventionally taught and PSI students on the end-of-term final examination, lower aptitude students in the PSI class scored significantly higher on the final examination than lower aptitude students in the conventional class. Of students completing a one-year retention examination, those in the PSI class scored significantly higher than students in the conventionally taught class. Student course ratings favored PSI instruction both at the end of the course and at the one-year follow-up interval. PMID- 3477582 TI - The effect of feedback on student use of interpersonal communication skills. PMID- 3477584 TI - Relationship of physical attractiveness to students' ratings of teaching effectiveness. PMID- 3477583 TI - Employment of dental hygienists as dental educators. PMID- 3477586 TI - Curriculum guidelines for pathology for dental hygiene education. PMID- 3477587 TI - Graduates' debt increases and borrowing patterns change. PMID- 3477585 TI - Practice options and decision making for dental students. PMID- 3477588 TI - Senior dental students in private practice: a preceptorship program. PMID- 3477589 TI - Relationships: tending the garden in a high tech society. PMID- 3477590 TI - They're still out there... PMID- 3477592 TI - Dentistry in hospitals. Enhancing the medical/dental interface. PMID- 3477591 TI - History, evaluation, and signed consent. PMID- 3477593 TI - Orofacial pain of psychogenic origin: current concepts and classification. AB - A description and attempt to classify the newly revised DSM-III and IASP classification schemes and those persistent orofacial pain syndromes that are commonly considered to be significantly associated with psychological or psychosocial factors, either as primary causes or as factors contributing to the maintenance of the chronic pain state are presented. The classification schemes include the DSM-III-R of the American Psychiatric Association and the new IASP taxonomy system, are the two systems currently available for classifying chronic orofacial pain states that are often considered to represent psychogenic pain conditions. PMID- 3477594 TI - The third molar question: report of cases. AB - Clinical observations for the past 30 years have stimulated a strong recommendation for removal of impacted third molars at an early age. PMID- 3477596 TI - National Children's Dental Health Month 1987. Department of Public Information. PMID- 3477595 TI - Subjective reports of xerostomia and objective measures of salivary gland performance. AB - This study involves collecting saliva under unstimulated and stimulated conditions and asking standardized questions of 100 patients with xerostomia. The study examines which questions are useful in identifying and predicting current major salivary gland output deficiency or dysfunction. PMID- 3477597 TI - Informed consent: a risk management view. Council on Insurance. AB - In the best of all possible worlds, rules could be established that, if strictly followed, would eliminate litigation. Regrettably, that world does not exist. When dealing with informed consent many issues remain uncertain. Doctors must use their best professional judgment and hope that the jury will support it. Some risk management suggestions would include: Personally discuss the benefits and risks of the proposed treatment with the patient as well as the alternatives, and the consequences of nontreatment. Give the patient an opportunity to ask questions. Get a commitment from the patient to proceed. Use lay terms. Give no guarantees. If in doubt, disclose the risks. Use a signed informed consent form. Keep well-documented records. Consult your attorney about developing informed consent procedures that reflect state laws. PMID- 3477598 TI - Self-mutilation and Tourette's disorder. AB - Tourette's disorder is a stereotyped movement disorder that carries with it the risk of self-mutilation. Two cases are presented in which children with Tourette's disorder mutilated themselves. Possible physiologic mechanisms by which self-mutilation occurs in patients with Tourette's disorder are reviewed and treatment strategies are discussed. PMID- 3477599 TI - Encephalomyelitis associated with leukemia in a child. AB - A case of an encephalomyelitis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is reported. The patient was a 5-year-old boy who developed seizures, progressive confusion, and coma after radiation and intrathecal methotrexate therapy. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed bilateral hypodensities in the posterior parietal and temporal regions. At autopsy, perivascular inflammation, microglial nodules without intranuclear viral inclusions, and bilateral necrosis of the temporoparietal and hippocampal regions were seen in the brain and spinal cord. Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis is generally recognized in adult patients with underlying malignancy but, to our knowledge, has not been reported in children with leukemia. This report should alert the clinicians to an entity that must be included in the differential diagnosis of leukemic children with progressive neurologic disorder. PMID- 3477600 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus antigenemia in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related disorders: a comparison between European and Central African populations. PMID- 3477602 TI - [A case of benign cementoblastoma occurring in the mandible]. PMID- 3477601 TI - [Complete mouth rehabilitation]. PMID- 3477603 TI - [The effect of advanced periodontitis on the pulp]. PMID- 3477604 TI - [Treatment of oral erosive lichen planus with griseofulvin]. PMID- 3477606 TI - Program and abstracts of the 11th International RES Congress and 24th national meeting of the Reticuloendothelial Society. Kauai, Hawaii, October 17-21, 1987. PMID- 3477605 TI - [Clinical study on the primary jaw bone tumors]. PMID- 3477608 TI - Expanding your endodontic horizon through proper design of access cavities. PMID- 3477607 TI - A clinico-pathologic presentation. Amalgam pigmentation. PMID- 3477609 TI - Communication breakdowns mean lost profits. PMID- 3477611 TI - Ovine allantoic fluid inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in cotyledonary microsomes. AB - Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by allantoic fluid, obtained from ewes at 80-120 days of gestation, was examined. Inhibition of cotyledonary microsomal PGE2 and PGF2 alpha biosynthesis by lyophilized allantoic fluid occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of allantoic fluid required to inhibit PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production by 50% averaged 17.9 +/- 3.2 (S.E.M.) mg dry weight/ml (n = 5). Microsomal PG biosynthesis was markedly enhanced by the addition of arachidonic acid (30 mumol/l). Synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was increased to 245 +/- 65% and 184 +/- 14% of control (P less than 0.05, n = 5) respectively. Treatment of cotyledonary microsomes with porcine phospholipase A2 (PLA2; 0.125 units/ml) also stimulated PG synthesis, PGE2 increasing to 216 +/- 27% and PGF2 alpha to 172 +/- 14% of control (P less than 0.05, n = 5) respectively. Allantoic fluid (20 mg dry weight/ml) inhibited arachidonic acid-stimulated PG synthesis (PGE2 by 48.6 +/- 13.8% and PGF2 alpha by 44.2 +/- 7.7%) and PLA2-stimulated PG synthesis (PGE2 by 60.6 +/- 11.6% and PGF2 alpha by 74.8 +/- 8.5%). Allantoic fluid, however, did not affect PLA2 stimulated release of arachidonic acid from microsomes, thus negating the possibility that allantoic fluid suppresses PG synthesis by inhibiting PLA2 activity. These data indicate that allantoic fluid inhibits PG production at the level of PG synthase enzymes. Prostaglandin inhibitor(s) in allantoic fluid may play a role in maintaining uterine quiescence throughout gestation and its withdrawal, at term, may be involved in the initiation of labour. PMID- 3477610 TI - Regulation of the corpus luteum of early pregnancy in the marmoset monkey: local interactions of luteotrophic and luteolytic hormones in vivo and their effects on the secretion of progesterone. AB - The interaction between luteotrophic and luteolytic agents in controlling progesterone production by the marmoset corpus luteum in the late luteal phase/early pregnancy was investigated at the local level in vivo using a perfusion cannula system. Perfusion of the prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) analogue, cloprostenol (0.5 microgram/ml), resulted in an immediate fall in progesterone production. This response was not sustained in two out of five corpora lutea but pregnancy was terminated in all animals exposed to PGF2 alpha. Perfusion of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (4 micrograms/ml) alone significantly stimulated progesterone secretion but there was no response to hCG when the corpus luteum had previously been perfused with PGF2 alpha. Perfusion with hCG together with PGF2 alpha prevented a fall in progesterone secretion. The results suggest that the luteolytic action of PGF2 alpha in the marmoset may be to prevent luteotrophic support of the corpus luteum. Melatonin (860 pmol/l), perfused either with PGF2 alpha or after PGF2 alpha, stimulated progesterone production. The ability of melatonin to influence progesterone production by the primate corpus luteum may therefore be by both a direct luteotrophic action and the prevention of luteolysis. Application of the perfusion system in order to investigate the ability of deglycosylated hCG to antagonize the action of hCG at the corpus luteum showed the necessity of testing pure preparations of hormones. PMID- 3477612 TI - Treatment of anthracycline extravasation--recommendations for practice. PMID- 3477613 TI - Specific induction of ACNU-resistance in V79 Chinese hamster cells and C6 rat glioma cells. AB - The antitumor compound ACNU (1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2 chloroethyl)-3-nitroso ure a hydrochloride) is widely used for treatment of malignant brain tumors. The authors have investigated the mechanism of acquisition of ACNU resistance at the cellular level by isolating ACNU-resistant mutants from V79 Chinese hamster cells and C6 rat glioma cells after treatment of the cells with ACNU or other alkylating agents. In V79 Chinese hamster cells, ACNU at 1 to 4 micrograms/ml caused dose-dependent induction of drug-resistant mutants to ACNU (10 micrograms/ml) and 8-azaguanine (20 micrograms/ml), but not to ouabain (1 mM). Values for the mean lethal dose of ACNU-resistant mutants were 2.4 to 17.2 times those of the parent V79 cells. The ACNU-resistant phenotype was stable during an observation period of 13 weeks. The ACNU seemed to have a specific effect in inducing ACNU-resistant mutations, because no ACNU-resistant mutations were induced by treatment of the cells with other known mutagens, such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, methylmethanesulfonate, and ethylmethanesulfonate. The C6 rat glioma cells also showed a significant mutagenic response to ACNU, producing ACNU- and 5-fluorouracil-resistant mutants. The present results have the important therapeutic and mechanistic implication that ACNU is a potent mutagen and induces mutants that are resistant to ACNU and to other drugs. PMID- 3477614 TI - Effect of hypoxia on the contractile response to KCl, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and hemoglobin. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on the in vitro contractile responses of canine basilar artery to KCl, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, and hemoglobin. Hypoxia was induced by changing the bubbling gas mixture in the chamber from 95% O2/5% CO2 to 95% N2/5% CO2. Hypoxia augmented the contractile response developed at 95% O2 to 25 mM and 50 mM KCl, 3 X 10(-7) M and 10(-5) M PGF2 alpha, and 10(-6) M hemoglobin. No significant alteration of the hypoxic augmentation in any preparation exposed to 25 mM KCl, 3 X 10(-7) M PGF2 alpha, or 10(-6) M hemoglobin was observed with guanethidine (10(-5) M), prazosin (10(-5) M), methysergide (10(-5) M), or diphenhydramine (10(-5) M). Endothelial denudation did not affect hypoxic augmentation. Hypoxia did not cause any alteration of the contractile response to 10(-6) M PGF2 alpha in Ca++-free media. Pretreatment with a calcium channel blocker, nicardipine, significantly inhibited the hypoxic potentiation of the contractile response to 25 mM KCl, 3 X 10(-7) M PGF2 alpha, and 10(-6) M hemoglobin. These results suggest that hypoxia augments the contractile response to these agonists by a direct action on the smooth muscle cells, facilitating the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium. Hypoxia of smooth-muscle cells in the major cerebral arteries might be involved in the pathogenesis of vasospasm. PMID- 3477615 TI - Gallium-67 and magnetic resonance imaging in aortic root abscess. AB - Perivascular abscess in the aortic root is a serious complication of infective endocarditis and is recognized infrequently with noninvasive techniques. This report describes a patient with sepsis who was imaged with 67Ga and magnetic resonance (MR) in order to locate a site of infection. The 67Ga image showed increased activity in the substernal region. Magnetic resonance correctly detected the multilocular aortic root abscess, which had extended into the interatrial septum. The combination of the sensitive 67Ga with the high resolution MR image provided a useful method to locate aortic root abscesses and to identify contiguous spread. PMID- 3477616 TI - Stimulation of brain and aortic renin substrate by central administration of steroids in the rat. AB - The influence of central and peripheral injections of dexamethasone and 17 beta oestradiol on plasma, brain and aortic renin substrate was studied in the rat. Whereas intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of these steroids raised renin substrate in plasma, brain and the aorta, intraventricular injection raised it only in the brain and aorta. Bilateral nephrectomy produced results equivalent to those observed following intraperitoneal administration of steroids. Dissociation of the plasma and tissue renin-substrate levels in response to central administration of steroids indicates local synthesis of this protein, possibly under central control. PMID- 3477617 TI - Vascular renin--a consensus view. PMID- 3477618 TI - Pseudo-specialization: an idea whose time should not have come. PMID- 3477620 TI - Depression: a possible complication of orthognathic surgery. AB - Advances in the field of orthognathic surgery as well as increased experience on the part of surgeons have led to successful treatment of greater numbers of patients with maxillofacial deformities. Consequently, greater insight has been gained into not only the technical effects of surgery, but also into the psychological impact on the patients. This paper describes a small pilot study designed to evaluate possible psychiatric effects that may occur during the recuperative period of orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3477619 TI - A comparison of labetalol, acebutolol, and lidocaine for controlling the cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation for oral surgical procedures. AB - Arterial blood pressure and pulse rate changes following tracheal intubation were studied in 80 patients undergoing oral surgical procedures who received an etomidate/suxamethonium anesthetic induction sequence. Three treatment groups and a control group were used. Intravenous labetalol (1 mg/kg), acebutolol (0.25 mg/kg), lidocaine (2 mg/kg), and saline (1 ml), injected prior to anesthesia, were compared with respect to their effect on the hemodynamic consequences of direct laryngoscopy followed by the passage of an endotracheal tube. A pre induction dose of labetalol was found to be more effective than acebutolol and lidocaine in attenuating the pressor response to instrumentation and intubation. Labetalol should prove most useful for those patients at risk from the transient hypertension and tachycardia following instrumentation and intubation. PMID- 3477621 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the TMJ disc in asymptomatic volunteers. AB - Forty-two temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in 21 asymptomatic volunteers were visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subjects, 12 males and nine females, were between 23 and 43 years of age and had no history of TMJ pain, joint noise, limited opening, or previous treatment for TMJ disorder. A cephalometric head-holder was designed to position the TMJ in an accurate and reproducible manner and multisection parasagittal images were obtained perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the condyle. MR images depicted anterior disc position in 32% of the asymptomatic joints (8/24 males, 5/18 females). Anterior disc position in asymptomatic subjects may be a predisposing factor to TMJ dysfunction or simply an anatomic variant whose prevalence must be considered when evaluating TMJ dysfunction. PMID- 3477622 TI - Connective tissue reactions to 3% tetracycline ointment in rat skin. AB - The connective tissue reactions to 3% tetracycline ointment were studied in 14 Sprague-Dawley white male rats. Using polyethylene tubes, the ointment was implanted subcutaneously in the pouches surgically created on the backs of the experimental group. Empty tube implants, tubes with the vehicle (vaseline/lanolin), and a sham operation (surgical pouches with no implant) served as controls. The animals were killed on day 14 and tissue blocks were taken containing the tubes and a generous amount of the peripheral connective tissue. The connective tissue surrounding the tube opening furthest from the surgical incision was histologically examined for the severity of tissue reaction (STR), the number of inflammatory cell infiltrates (II), and the spread of the reaction area (RSI). The data were statistically analyzed. The sham operation group showed minimal inflammatory response. All three parameters (STR, II, RSI) were significantly greater in the tetracycline group when compared with the empty tube group at 0.05 level of significance. There were significant differences between the mean values of the STR and RSI scores in the tetracycline and vehicle groups (groups 1 and 2). The vehicle group (group 2) had significantly higher STR and II values than the empty tube group (group 3); however, the RSI scores were not statistically different. Necrosis was observed in the reaction site in group 1 and vacuole-containing macrophages were noted in groups 1 and 2. This study, although an animal investigation, questions the use of topical 3% tetracycline ointment on sutured surgical flaps. PMID- 3477623 TI - Treatment of long-standing mandibular dislocation. PMID- 3477624 TI - A simplified temporary postsurgical maxillary prosthesis. PMID- 3477625 TI - A patient with leukemia in remission and acute abdominal pain. PMID- 3477627 TI - Calcium concentrations in dental plaque of patients with juvenile and adult periodontitis. AB - Calcium concentrations in plaque of patients with juvenile (JP) and adult (AP) periodontitis were compared. These calcium concentrations in JP patients were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than in AP patients. Because JP patients are not intense calculus-formers, the finding that they have low calcium concentrations in plaque agrees with the authors' previous suggestion that calculus formation is a marker of high calcium concentrations in plaque. JP patients have good caries resistance in general, as was the case in this study. The finding that they have low calcium concentrations in plaque conflicts with the view that caries-resistant dentitions are usually associated with high concentrations of calcium in plaque. PMID- 3477626 TI - 15-Keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha and prolactin in maternal and cord blood during prostaglandin E2 or oxytocin therapy for labor induction. AB - 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha plasma levels were measured in pregnant women following labor induction with either oral PGE2 treatment or intravenous oxytocin, both combined with amniotomy. The median time to start of contractions was 62 minutes in the PGE2 treated group and 45 minutes in the oxytocin treated group (p less than 0.01; median test). The increase in 15 ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha appeared earlier in the PGE2 group but not in the oxytocin group (p less than 0.001 and p = 0.210, respectively). At delivery, the 15 ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha values had further increased in both treatment groups. The increase was significantly higher in the PGE2 treated patients compared with oxytocin treated patients (p = 0.03; contrast test). Despite higher 15 ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha concentrations throughout parturition, PGE2 women did not deliver more rapidly than oxytocin infused women. There was no correlation between 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha blood concentrations and either onset of contractions or labor time. The decrease in maternal serum prolactin concentration during parturition was pronounced (p less than 0.001) in the PGE2 group but occurred also in oxytocin treated patients (p less than 0.02). A single oral dose (0.5 mg) of PGE2 taken by non-pregnant women led to significant (p less than 0.05) increases in 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha levels in blood plasma after 10 minutes. This increase persisted for at least 90 minutes. It is suggested that oral PGE2 may be transformed into PGF2 alpha and/or induce endogenous PGF2 alpha biosynthesis. PMID- 3477628 TI - Viadent, ethanol, and pH effects upon gingival epithelial-like cells, in vitro. AB - Interest has recently been directed towards the use of antiplaque mouthrinses. Most published material concerns the antimicrobial effects of these agents rather than their effects upon oral tissue. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a sanguinarine-containing mouthrinse called Viadent upon epithelial like gingival cells. The cells were grown for 24 hours in supplemented Earle's medium, with and without different Viadent dilutions. Cell counts were made with a hematocytometer. It was found that 50% of the cells were inhibited at 1.2% Viadent. In similar studies, it was found that 70% ethanol and two pH buffers were less toxic than Viadent. Exposure of preformed cell monolayers to Viadent also showed significant inhibition. The relative toxicity of different antiplaque agents may be compared using such cells as a model system. In conclusion, it was observed that Viadent significantly affected gingival cell growth in vitro, that viable cell numbers were greatly reduced by short time exposure, and that the toxic effect of Viadent could only partially be accounted for by ethanol content and/or pH. PMID- 3477629 TI - Effects of octenidine on dental plaque and gingivitis in monkeys. AB - This investigation monitored the effects of daily oral rinses with octenidine on plaque and gingivitis in five monkeys. Formulations containing 0.5% or 1.0% octenidine or the rinse vehicle placebo were provided daily for 2 weeks. Each week the dentition of each monkey was examined, photographed, and sampled for plaque. All responses exhibited a numerical decrease in mean scores following treatments with each concentration of octenidine, whereas the placebo treatment exerted negligible effects. Decreases in plaque mass were observed after 2 weeks of treatment with 1% octenidine (58%) or 0.5% octenidine (55%) compared with the corresponding baseline values. Similar trends were noted in the extent and thickness of supragingival plaque and its ability to decrease the pH of a sucrose solution. Octenidine treatments reduced the proportions of motile forms in samples of subgingival plaque and also restricted its ability to produce H2S. Slight numerical decreases were seen in the Gingival Index and flow rate of the crevicular fluid. These consistent protective trends suggest that octenidine decreases the pathogenic potential of established plaque. PMID- 3477630 TI - Periodontally diseased vs. normal roots as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe analysis. AB - A scanning electron microscope and electron probe study was carried out to compare root structure from deep within periodontal pockets with roots exhibiting no periodontal disease. To eliminate the possibility of extraneous ion introduction or deletion, no attempt was made to subject the roots to fixation, embedding, or dehydration prior to sectioning and viewing in the electron microscope. Mineral content and concentration were determined with an electron probe on two specimens per tooth. On one specimen, only the external cemental surface was analyzed. On an adjacent cross section, readings were taken from the surface and at incremental depths into the root. A nonparametric statistical analysis compared diseased with nondiseased roots. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study: (1) Consistent and repeatable qualitative electron probe analyses can be performed on human teeth with minimal specimen preparation. This gives a more accurate assessment, since the integrity of the crystalline structure is not disrupted. (2) Minerals consistently found were P, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mg and Na. They were in similar concentrations throughout the area analyzed. (3) Mg and Cu showed higher values in the nondiseased teeth. (4) There were no differences in concentrations for Ca, P, Zn, and Na between roots exposed to a periodontal pocket and nondiseased roots. PMID- 3477631 TI - Gingival hyperplasia caused by nifedipine. Histopathologic findings. AB - Thirty-four cardiac patients, treated with nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) during a period of 1 year or more, developed slight to severe gingival epithelial hyperplasia, and five cases presented nodular overgrowth of the gingiva. In terms of histopathologic and clinical morphology, nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia is similar to that known to be caused by phenytoin (Dilantin). Both drugs have the ability to alter calcium metabolism. We believe that the hyperplastic condition is related to calcium imbalance. PMID- 3477632 TI - Aklanonic acid-producing mutants of Streptomyces galilaeus and Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. AB - A number of blocked mutants was investigated which were obtained from taxonomically identified Streptomyces strains producing anthracyclines. Two of these mutants, NTG 061 derived from S. galilaeus F 198 and mutant 135 derived from S. peucetius var. caesius 601 F.I.1), accumulated an anthraquinone derivative which was identified as aklanonic acid. The results supplied further evidence that this compound was an intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway leading to different types of anthracyclines. It occurred before ring closure to the final tetracyclic anthracyclinone skeleton. PMID- 3477633 TI - [Histological study of healing of a laterally positioned flap: apropos of a case]. PMID- 3477634 TI - [Treatment of localized gingival recession with delayed transfer papillary flaps (or autonomous flaps)]. PMID- 3477635 TI - [The bone dynamics of periodontal lesions]. PMID- 3477636 TI - [Anatomical study of the treatment of interradicular lesions of the molar]. PMID- 3477637 TI - [Clinical case. Treatment of a periodontal emergency. Report of a case]. PMID- 3477639 TI - Alterations in cytoplasmic calcium sensitivity during porcine coronary artery contractions as detected by aequorin. AB - 1. Intracellular-Ca2+-force relationships were investigated in porcine epicardial coronary arteries by the simultaneous measurement of aequorin luminescence and isometric force. 2. In response to K+ depolarization and histamine, force and aequorin light rose monophasically. In response to carbachol and serotonin, tonic contractions were accompanied by biphasic aequorin signals consisting of an initial spike followed by a low plateau. Contractions produced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) or the endoperoxide analogue U-46619 were accompanied by little or no detectable rise in light. 3. Comparison of steady-state force to steady-state light levels indicated that agonists gave greater force for a given intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) compared to that seen during K+ contractures. 4. In Ca2+-free bathing media, carbachol produced a transient contraction accompanied by a transient intracellular Ca2+ spike indicating release of Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites. 5. In Ca2+-free bathing media PGF2 alpha produced a tonic contraction with no detectable change in light. 6. These results suggest that changes in the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+ or other activator systems may be as important a mechanism of contraction as are changes in [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3477640 TI - Periocular Loa loa in eastern Scotland: a report of two cases. PMID- 3477638 TI - Evidence for separate mechanisms of induction of biphasic fever inside and outside the blood-brain barrier in rabbits. AB - 1. Intravenous bacterial endotoxin, or endogenous pyrogen, in high concentration both caused biphasic fever in rabbits. In low concentration they produced only the first phase of fever. 2. Subcutaneous indomethacin suppressed the first phase of fever produced by high concentration of intravenous endotoxin or endogenous pyrogen, but not the second phase. 3. Intraventricular cerebral injection of indomethacin reduced the second phase of fever produced by high concentration of intravenous endotoxin or endogenous pyrogen, but not the first phase. 4. Intraventricular cerebral injection of endotoxin or of endogenous pyrogen caused slow monophasic fever. This was suppressed by intraventricular, but not by subcutaneous, indomethacin. 5. It is concluded that the first phase of biphasic fever is caused by pyrogen acting via structures outside the blood-brain barrier, presumably peripheral nerves, and the second phase by pyrogen acting via structures within the blood-brain barrier, presumably hypothalamic neurones. PMID- 3477641 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in murine erythroleukaemic cells. AB - Glucocorticoid receptors in murine erythroleukaemic cells were studied in relation to hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) induced differentiation. Specific binding of dexamethasone was measured. A single class of saturable, high affinity binding sites was demonstrated in intact cells; with cell homogenates or fractions binding was low and could not be reliably quantified. Receptor binding in whole cell suspensions was lower in cells which had been treated with HMBA (36.5 +/- 8.2 pmol/g protein) than in untreated controls (87.9 +/- 23.6 pmol/g protein); dissociation constants were similar in treated (2.7 nM) and untreated cells (2.5 nM). Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone and progesterone competed with tritium-labelled dexamethasone for receptor binding sites; cortisone, deoxycorticosterone and oestradiol had little effect. PMID- 3477642 TI - Aplastic presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3477643 TI - Genetic counselling and antenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3477644 TI - Informed consent policies governing medical students' interactions with patients. AB - When medical students become involved in patient care, concerns are raised that have ethical and possibly legal implications. In order to determine compliance with the guidelines of the U.S. government and the Joint Committee on Accreditation of Hospitals pertaining to informed consent, the authors conducted a study of hospital administrators, medical school department chairpersons, and medical school deans (with response rates ranging from 82.3 to 95.1 percent) concerning policies on student involvement in patient care. The results show that only 37.5 percent of all responding teaching hospitals specifically informed patients that students would be involved in care. Only 51 percent of the responding medical schools that specifically gave their students instruction or guidance on initial patient interaction as a matter of policy insisted that their students introduce themselves as students and clarify their role in patient care. The authors conclude that medical educators' compliance with the ethical requirements of informed consent is incomplete. PMID- 3477646 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a chicken vitellogenin gene and derived amino acid sequence of the encoded yolk precursor protein. AB - The gene encoding the major vitellogenin from chicken has been completely sequenced and its exon-intron organization has been established. The gene is 20,342 base-pairs long and contains 35 exons with a combined length of 5787 base pairs. They encode the 1850-amino acid pre-peptide of vitellogenin, which is the precursor of the mature yolk proteins, the serine-rich and heavily phosphorylated phosvitin and the lipovitellin. The 217-amino acid phosvitin polypeptide occupies an internal position (residue 1112 through 1328) within the vitellogenin molecule. The 125,000 and 30,000 Mr lipovitellin polypeptides are encoded by the sequences at the N-terminal and the C-terminal sides of the phosvitin section, respectively. The main features of the gene and protein sequences, and the evolutionary implications, are discussed. PMID- 3477645 TI - Crystal and molecular structures of the complex of alpha-chymotrypsin with its inhibitor turkey ovomucoid third domain at 1.8 A resolution. AB - The molecular structure of the complex between bovine pancreatic alpha chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.4.5) and the third domain of the Kazal-type ovomucoid from Turkey (OMTKY3) has been determined crystallographically by the molecular replacement method. Restrained-parameter least-squares refinement of the molecular model of the complex has led to a conventional agreement factor R of 0.168 for the 19,466 reflections in the 1.8 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) resolution shell [I greater than or equal to sigma (I)]. The reactive site loop of OMTKY3, from Lys13I to Arg21I (I indicates inhibitor), is highly complementary to the surface of alpha-chymotrypsin in the complex. A total of 13 residues on the inhibitor make 113 contacts of less than 4.0 A with 21 residues of the enzyme. A short contact (2.95 A) from O gamma of Ser195 to the carbonyl-carbon atom of the scissile bond between Leu18I and Glu19I is present; in spite of it, this peptide remains planar and undistorted. Analysis of the interactions of the inhibitor with chymotrypsin explains the enhanced specificity that chymotrypsin has for P'3 arginine residues. There is a water-mediated ion pair between the guanidinium group on this residue and the carboxylate of Asp64. Comparison of the structure of the alpha-chymotrypsin portion of this complex with the several structures of alpha and gamma-chymotrypsin in the uncomplexed form shows a high degree of structural equivalence (root-mean-square deviation of the 234 common alpha-carbon atoms averages 0.38 A). Significant differences occur mainly in two regions Lys36 to Phe39 and Ser75 to Lys79. Among the 21 residues that are in contact with the ovomucoid domain, only Phe39 and Tyr146 change their conformations significantly as a result of forming the complex. Comparison of the structure of the OMTKY3 domain in this complex to that of the same inhibitor bound to a serine proteinase from Streptomyces griseus (SGPB) shows a central core of 44 amino acids (the central alpha-helix and flanking small 3-stranded beta-sheet) that have alpha carbon atoms fitting to within 1.0 A (root-mean-square deviation of 0.45 A) whereas the residues of the reactive-site loop differ in position by up to 1.9 A (C alpha of Leu18I). The ovomucoid domain has a built-in conformational flexibility that allows it to adapt to the active sites of different enzymes. A comparison of the SGPB and alpha-chymotrypsin molecules is made and the water molecules bound at the inhibitor-enzyme interface in both complexes are analysed for similarities and differences. PMID- 3477647 TI - [Facial growth and development in children]. PMID- 3477648 TI - Dental education in the Republic of China. PMID- 3477649 TI - Mast cell involvement in interstitial cystitis. AB - A prospective study was designed to examine the relationship of mast cells, and eosinophilic leukocyte density and mediator levels to clinical and histological parameters of interstitial cystitis. Interstitial cystitis and control patients underwent bladder biopsy with histological examination, and quantification of intact and degranulated mast cell and eosinophilic leukocyte density. In addition, bladder tissue histamine content, urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion rates, and serum and urinary major basic protein levels were determined. A strong relationship among detrusor mast cell density, especially degranulated, and degree of epithelial loss, submucosal inflammation, epithelial ulceration, urinary pyuria and response to treatment was noted. Bladder tissue histamine content and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion were increased in the interstitial cystitis patients. Eosinophil density in bladder biopsies was low uniformly, and interstitial cystitis and control patients showed no statistical difference. In addition, serum and urinary major basic protein levels were below the accepted normal lower limits for this protein. Therefore, our study demonstrates a relationship between the mast cell and the inflammatory process of interstitial cystitis. No similar relationship was noted for the eosinophil. PMID- 3477650 TI - Concentration of pefloxacine in split ejaculates of patients with chronic male accessory gland infection. AB - The concentrations of pefloxacine and its N-demethylated derivative were measured in split ejaculates of 12 patients with chronic male accessory gland infection during treatment with 400 mg. pefloxacine twice a day. The mean concentrations of pefloxacine and N-demethylated pefloxacine (mg. per l.) were 8.7 +/- 1.2 (standard error of the mean) and 4.2 +/- 0.7 in fraction 1, and 9.8 +/- 1.1 and 4.3 +/- 0.6 in fraction 2. The concentrations in both fractions were correlated strongly (r equals 0.97). The concentration of pefloxacine in the secretory fluids of the prostate and seminal vesicles are 30-fold the minimal inhibitory concentration 90 of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, 100-fold the minimal inhibitory concentration 90 of Proteus mirabilis and equal to the minimal inhibitory concentration 90 of Streptococcus faecalis. In three-fourths of the patients signs of infection resolved after 4 weeks of treatment. PMID- 3477651 TI - Leads from the MMWR. HIV infection and pregnancies in sexual partners of HIV seropositive hemophilic men--United States. PMID- 3477653 TI - Attenuated Salmonella becomes versatile vector in multivalent, multipurpose genetic vaccines. PMID- 3477652 TI - Behavioral consequences of AIDS antibody testing among gay men. PMID- 3477654 TI - Possible zidovudine-induced hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3477655 TI - Prevention and control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An interim report. PMID- 3477656 TI - [The effect of succinylcholine on the skeletal muscle denervated at the sciatic nerve or spinal cord transection]. PMID- 3477657 TI - Age curves of central nervous system tumor incidence in adults: variation of shape by histologic type. AB - Data from nine population-based cancer registries from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the United States were used to study the incidence of individual histologic types of malignant central nervous system tumors by age and sex among adults. On a log-log scale, incidence increased linearly between the ages 35 and 64, with a slope that was not different between males and females or among registries but that varied by histologic type. The estimated slopes were 0.4 for ependymomas, 1.0 for oligodendrogliomas, 1.7 for astrocytomas, 2.8 for meningiomas, and 3.9 for glioblastomas. The rate at which incidence increased with age was significantly higher for glioblastomas than for other glial tumors. This finding suggests a different mechanism of carcinogenesis for glioblastomas than for other glial tumors. PMID- 3477658 TI - Lung cancer and occupation in New Mexico. AB - The association between occupation and lung cancer risk was examined in a population-based, case-control study of 506 patients (333 males and 173 females) and 771 control (499 males and 272 females) subjects in New Mexico. A personal interview was used to obtain lifetime occupational and smoking histories and self reported history of exposures to specific agents. High-risk jobs were identified in advance of data analysis and linked with industrial and occupational codes for hypothesis testing. For females, lung cancer risk was not associated with employment history, but power was limited. For males, elevated risks were found for the uranium mining industry [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9; 95% confidence internal (CI) = 0.8-4.9], underground miners (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1-3.7), painters (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 0.8-8.9), and welders (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.4-7.4). For self reported exposure to any of 18 agents, only the OR for exposure to "other metals" was elevated. The population attributable risk in males was estimated as 14% for employment in any high-risk industry or occupation with an OR above 1 in this study. PMID- 3477660 TI - Epigenetic control of endogenous ecotropic virus expression in SL/Ni mice. AB - SL/Ni mice were found to be highly polymorphic in the expression of endogenous ecotropic virus (ETV). By selective mating of the mice with either high-virus or virus-free phenotypes, the following stably virus-positive and virus-negative sublines were obtained: SL/Ni-Eco+ and SL/Ni-Eco-, respectively. This polymorphism was produced by an epigenetic factor transmitted by SL/Ni-Eco- female mice via milk. F1 hybrids between SL/Ni-Eco- females with males of high virus strains did not express ETV, whereas reciprocal F1 hybrids did. On the other hand, F1 mice between females of low-virus strains or of NFS mice lacking the ETV proviral genome and SL/Ni-Eco- males expressed a high level of ETV. Foster-nursing of newborn mice of high-virus strains by SL/Ni-Eco- foster-mothers or injection of pooled sera of SL/Ni-Eco mice resulted in intense inhibition of virus expression. On the contrary, nursing of SL/Ni-Eco- newborns by NFS/N foster mothers resulted in high virus expression. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that failure to express ETV by SL/Ni-Eco- mice is due to a milk transmitted maternal resistance factor, but probably not due to genetic heterogeneity among SL/Ni sublines. This factor caused strong, long-lasting, and selective suppression of endogenous ETV, but it did not confer resistance to exogenous infection of ETV. This activity was present also in the sera of SL/Ni Eco- mice, since neonatal injection of the sera into high-virus strains of mice, SL/Ni-Eco+, SL/Kh, and AKR/Ms, caused strong selective suppression of ETV expression. By this procedure, the spontaneous occurrence of nonthymic lymphomas in SL/Kh mice was suppressed. PMID- 3477659 TI - Effect of riboflavin, retinol, and zinc on micronuclei of buccal mucosa and of esophagus: a randomized double-blind intervention study in China. AB - A randomized double-blind intervention trial was done in Huixian, People's Republic of China, a population with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. The aim of the trial was to determine whether a once-a-week treatment with retinol (15 mg or 50,000 IU), riboflavin (200 mg), and zinc (50 mg) could result, after 1 year, in a lower prevalence of precancerous lesions of the esophagus in the group receiving the active treatment as compared with the prevalence in the group receiving a placebo. The results of the trial, published elsewhere, indicated that the treatment had no effect on the prevalence of precancerous lesions of the esophagus. In determining whether an effect could be detected when earlier end points are used, the prevalence of micronuclei was evaluated in exfoliated cells from the esophagus and from the buccal mucosa in the present study. In a subsample of 200 out of the original 610 study subjects, smears were taken from the buccal mucosa before and after treatment, and in 170 subjects esophageal smears were obtained during endoscopy only after treatment. The smears were fixed and kept at room temperature over 1 year before being evaluated for the presence of micronuclei by means of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescent staining. Smears from approximately half of the subjects were considered suitable for evaluation. No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of micronuclei in the buccal mucosa cells was observed before and after treatment (the mean percentage of micronucleated cells in the vitamin group upon first examination, before treatment started, 0.35%; 1 year after treatment, 0.31%) or between the treatment and the placebo group at the final examination. (The mean percentage of micronucleated cells in the vitamin-treated group was 0.31 and 0.39% in the placebo group.) However, a statistically significant reduction (P = .04) was observed in the prevalence of micronuclei in esophageal cells in the treatment group as compared to the placebo. (The mean percentage of micronucleated cells in the vitamin-treated group was 0.19%; it was 0.31% in the placebo group. PMID- 3477661 TI - Ornithine aminotransferase turnover in host tissues of tumor-bearing rats. AB - The activity of ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase (OAT) in the liver and kidneys of rats was notably decreased as a consequence of tumor bearing. The decrease in the activity of OAT was closely related to a concomitant decrease in the rate of synthesis of the enzyme in both host tissues, while the rate of enzyme degradation remained unchanged. These results are concluded to be consistent with the proposal that host tissues of tumor-bearing animals may become "dedifferentiated," and in this example the mechanism of the expression of the dedifferentiation involved the significant decrease in specific enzyme production. PMID- 3477662 TI - Effect of glutathione depletion by L-buthionine sulfoximine on the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in single and fractionated doses to EMT6/SF mouse tumors and bone marrow. AB - The combined cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide [(CYC) CAS: 50-18-0] and glutathione [(GSH) CAS: 70-18-8] depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) toward EMT6/SF tumors and mouse bone marrow was studied in male BALB/c mice. Tumor GSH was depleted to 28.7 and 7.8% of control by 1 or 2 doses of BSO (5 mmol/kg), respectively, administered ip at 12-hour intervals prior to assay. Tumor GSH could be maintained at a level 8% of control by daily dosing with BSO for 3 days. The same BSO administration schedule lowered bone marrow cell GSH to 31% of control for the 3-day period studied. Tumor growth and bone marrow cell counts were unaffected by all BSO treatments studied. However, BSO pretreatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of CYC to tumor cells, as measured by an in vitro colony-forming assay, but it did not enhance the depletion of bone marrow cells in CYC-treated mice. The magnitude of the enhancement of CYC cytotoxicity by BSO depended on the extent of GSH depletion, tumor size, and the CYC dosing schedule: Single and double doses of BSO enhanced the cytotoxicity of a single dose of CYC by factors of 1.5 and 2.0, respectively, in 7-day-old tumors, based on the dose of CYC required to produce a surviving fraction of 4 X 10(-3). The response of 9-day-old tumors to CYC suggested the presence of a subpopulation of cells that were relatively resistant to CYC. There was no evidence for this subpopulation in BSO pretreated tumors. Multiple doses of BSO and CYC also combined to give enhanced (1.65-fold) tumor cell killing compared to tumors treated with CYC alone. The data suggest a possible role for BSO as a clinical chemosensitizer, which could be combined with fractionated doses of CYC and may be effective on small cancerous lesions. PMID- 3477663 TI - Flow cytometric screening for selective toxicity to multidrug-resistant cells. AB - Mixed cultures originally containing doxorubicin [(DOX) NCS-123127]-sensitive leukemia P388 (P388/S) cells and DOX-resistant leukemia P388 (P388/R) cells were treated with drugs for 1 hour or with radiation, grown until the cell numbers had increased 250 times (8 cell doublings), and incubated with 2 micrograms daunorubicin (NCS-82151)/ml for 1 hour. The fluorescence of intracellular anthracycline measured on a flow cytometer was used as a marker to distinguish P388/S and P388/R cells. The proportions of low-fluorescent P388/R cells and high fluorescent P388/S cells were determined from fluorescence histograms. Selective toxicity for multidrug-resistant P388/R cells was indicated by the decreased proportion of these cells in the mixed cultures. In untreated cultures grown from suspensions containing equal proportions of P388/R and P388/S cells, the mean proportion of P388/R cells after 4 days' growth was 34.4%. DOX eliminated P388/S cells from mixed cultures. Nitrogen mustard [(HN2) NCS-762] and x-rays were selectively toxic to P388/R cells. The selectivity of HN2 and x-rays was observed in a narrow dose range by the absence of selective inhibition at low doses, the decreased proportion of P388/R cells at moderate doses, and the killing of all cells in mixed cultures at high doses. Combination treatment of mixed cultures with DOX plus x-rays, or HN2 plus x-rays, produced complete inhibition of growth. Mixed cultures recovered after treatment with DOX plus HN2 contained only P388/R cells. Results obtained by colony-formation assay showed the same patterns of relative sensitivity for P388/R and P388/S cells as the data obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) selectivity assay. FCM analysis of mixed cultures detected selective toxicity for P388/R cells after treatments, characterized by approximately 1 log higher cell killing of P388/R cells than of P388/S cells. It was concluded that FCM analysis of mixed cultures provided a sensitive and reliable assay for fast screening of drugs for selective toxicity to multidrug resistant cells. PMID- 3477664 TI - Metastasis of ocular and flank implants of the 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma in syngeneic rats. AB - Solid fragments of a syngeneic tumor of low immunogenicity were implanted on the anterior surface of the iris or posterior surface of the cornea in young Fischer 344 rats. Growth and metastasis of these implants were examined and compared with those occurring following sc tumor implantation in the flank. Corneal implants did not grow well or metastasize. Iridial implants grew well, and tumor typically filled the eye within a few weeks. If tumor-filled eyes were left intact, all rats died or became moribund 7-9 weeks later. Metastasis was seen in the lungs (11/11), cervical lymph nodes (7/11), body wall (5/11), heart (4/11), kidney (4/11), and liver (3/11). Removal (enucleation) of tumor-filled eyes prior to spread to the orbit prevented the development of overt metastatic disease for 1-2 years (11/11). When healthy enucleated rats were necropsied 0 days to 26 weeks post enucleation, small nodules were seen in the lung (9/13), liver (3/13), or spleen (1/13). Nodules were not seen in rats that had been housed in our animal facility for 1-2 years (16/16), had eye surgery with tumor implanted on the posterior surface of the cornea (6/6), or had been subjected to the surgical procedures of corneal implantation and enucleation (3/3). When tumors were implanted sc, rats died after 6-7 weeks. Metastasis was seen in the lung (12/12), lymph nodes (12/12), spleen (1/12), and liver (1/12). Removal of very small flank tumors failed to prevent animals from dying 7-8 weeks later with pulmonary and lymph node metastasis (10/10). In summary, iridial implantation resulted in an altered pattern of metastasis. Animals that had iridial implants and enucleation failed to develop overt metastatic disease and had small nodules in the lung, liver, or spleen. PMID- 3477665 TI - Natural history of endemic type D retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys. AB - A 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of SAIDS and infection with a type D retrovirus, SAIDS retrovirus serotype 1 (SRV-1). Of 23 healthy "tracer" juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with SAIDS within 9 months of introduction into the resident SAIDS-endemic population. In contrast, 21 healthy "sentinel" juvenile rhesus monkeys placed in the same outdoor enclosure but denied physical contact with the SAIDS-affected group by a 10-foot wide "buffer zone" remained free of SRV-1, SRV-1 antibody, and disease for 2.5 years. The SAIDS-specific mortality rate was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. In repeated serologic testing, the overall prevalence of SRV-1 antibody ranged from 68 to 85%. Antibody prevalence increased with age. Seroconversion was found to be a poor indicator of infection rate, as approximately 50% of virus-positive juvenile monkeys had no antibody detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Repeated viral isolations from all animals revealed 1) SRV-1 viremia with clinical SAIDS; 2) persistent viremia and viral shedding in apparently healthy animals; 3) transient viremia and clinical recovery; 4) intermittent viremia, suggesting activation of latent infections; and 5) viremia in a 1-day-old infant, suggesting transplacental transmission. The prevalence of SRV-1 antibody in SAIDS-free breeding groups of rhesus monkeys was 4%. The seroprevalence of antibodies against human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; formerly STLV-III) was uniformly low or absent in both SAIDS-free and SAIDS affected groups of rhesus monkeys, demonstrating that these retroviruses are not etiologically linked to SAIDS at the California Primate Research Center. PMID- 3477667 TI - Laminin expression by human pancreatic carcinoma cells in the nude mouse and in culture. AB - The abilities of 4 established human pancreatic tumor cell lines (PANC-1, CAPAN 1, AsPc-1, and BxPc-3) to synthesize and to maintain laminin-containing basement membranes when grown in the nude mouse have been examined and compared with synthesis of the glycoprotein laminin by these tumor cells when grown in culture. Immunohistochemical visualization of basement membrane integrity within the transplanted tumors employed a monoclonal antibody specific for human laminin to clearly distinguish between human tumor-produced laminin and murine basement membranes. This technique demonstrated strikingly different degrees of basement membrane formation and laminin distribution for the 4 biologically diverse pancreatic tumors. Basement membranes were present within the differentiated, less invasive tumors, whereas structure basement membranes were absent in the poorly differentiated, invasive tumors. Regardless of their propensity to produce basement membranes in vivo, all 4 pancreatic tumor cell lines continued to synthesize laminin in culture, as was determined by immunologic assays. The most invasive cell line, AsPc-1, released large quantities of soluble laminin into conditioned culture medium. The less invasive, well-differentiated tumor cells did not release laminin into the medium, but they retained the laminin produced by them within the cell layer. The combination of in vivo and in vitro studies indicates that the extent of basement membrane loss by these human pancreatic tumors is not due to an inherent inability of the tumor cells to synthesize the structural component laminin. PMID- 3477666 TI - Effects of diethylstilbestrol and propylthiouracil on the rat pituitary. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - The effects of diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1] and propylthiouracil [(PTU) CAS: 51-52-5] on the pituitary glands of female weanling F344 rats were studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Six weeks of PTU treatment resulted in a significant increase in pituitary gland weight and in the percentage of pituitary prolactin (PRL) cells. The percentage of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) cells was slightly increased in PTU-treated rats. DES treatment produced a thirteenfold increase in pituitary gland weight and a significant increase in the percentage of PRL cells as well as in serum PRL levels. Combined PTU-DES treatment increased pituitary gland weight and serum PRL levels, but this increase was less than that observed with only DES treatment. A relative decrease in the percentage of TSH cells was seen after both DES and PTU DES treatment. Ultrastructural immunohistochemical studies showed two types of PRL cells in the pituitary of all groups. Classical PRL cells with granule diameters of 150-800 nm were most abundant in DES-treated groups, whereas cells with smaller granules, 100-350 nm in diameter, were equally prominent in control groups and after PTU treatment. The results of this study show that while PTU causes a slight increase in pituitary gland weight and in PRL cell numbers, it inhibits estrogen-induced PRL cell hyperplasia. This model can be used to study the effects of PTU on pituitary PRL cell morphology and on the regulation of PRL cell hyperplasia. PMID- 3477668 TI - Summary report of the Fifth Symposium on Cancer Registries and Epidemiology in the Pacific Basin. PMID- 3477670 TI - Nursing aspects of paediatric respirator care. PMID- 3477671 TI - Advantages to mutagenesis techniques generating populations containing the complete spectrum of single codon changes. AB - The limitations of current mutagenesis techniques are analyzed in terms of the number and kinds of codon changes they make and in terms of the population size needed to produce all single or multiple amino acid variants. It is shown how a technique that can alter a single codon of a gene, producing all possible variant codons without affecting the rest of the gene, has certain advantages, if it can be used at each place in the gene in one experiment. Such a technique has advantages when the goals are to understand: (1) how specific structural alterations in a mutant protein cause it to function in a different but specific way, (2) how to predict which amino acids in a protein contact or interact with each other, and (3) why a protein is more or less sensitive to mutational disruption, depending upon the specific mutation. This is because it would generate the maximum number of (1) mutant proteins with different functions, (2) intracistronic suppressor for any starting mutation, and (3) random amino acid substitutions at random places. Furthermore, such a technique could produce useful variants more quickly and on a smaller scale than either evolution or current methods. PMID- 3477669 TI - High risk of streptococcal septicemia after high dose cytosine arabinoside treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Twenty-nine adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia AML who received 40 treatment courses with high dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-A), alone or combined with other cytotoxic drugs, for remission induction (RI) or postremission intensive consolidation (IC) were retrospectively analysed for types and severity of infectious complications. In this paper, we report the unusually high rate of streptococcal septicemia in our patients. Of 13 bacteremic infections in a total of 45 infectious episodes, 10 were caused by streptococci (9 viridans streptococci, 1 group B hemolytic streptococcus). Three of them were lethal. After reviewing all documented cases of streptococcal septicemia in the same study period, four additional cases among adult patients with AML were identified. Three of them have had antileukemic chemotherapy without HD-A, while one have had HD-A as a conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation. Only three cases were documented to occur in adult patients with AML. Patients treated with HD-A for RI or IC had a significantly lower risk of streptococcal septicemia during previous chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenic episodes (1/55 vs 10/45; P = 0.01). Neither prophylactic regimens including trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole nor those without it were effective in preventing streptococcal septicemia. Further studies are needed to confirm these data before the value of additional or alternative prophylactic antibiotics is proven necessary. PMID- 3477672 TI - [Prostaglandin E2 and F2-alpha in the maternal blood, umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid in spontaneous and induced labor at term]. PMID- 3477673 TI - [Exposure of Staphylococcus aureus cells to antibiotics as a factor modifying their interactions with human leukocytes]. PMID- 3477675 TI - Prolonged bone marrow T1-relaxation in acute leukaemia. In vivo tissue characterization by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - In vivo tissue characterization by measurement of T1- and T2-relaxation processes is one of the greatest potentials of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This may be especially useful in the evaluation of bone marrow disorders as the MRI-signal from bone marrow is not influenced by the overlying osseous tissue. Nine patients with acute leukaemia, one patient with myelodysplastic syndrome, and ten normal volunteers were included in the study. The T1- and T2-relaxation processes were measured in the lumbar spine bone marrow using a wholebody superconductive MR scanner operating at 1.5 Tesla. In the patients MRI was done at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up of chemotherapy and related to bone marrow biopsies taken within three days of the MRI. At the time of diagnosis T1 relaxation time was increased two to three times in the patients (range 0.7-3.0 sec.) compared to the controls (range 0.38-0.60 sec.). No significant difference was seen in the T2-relaxation process. In relation to chemotherapy T1 decreased towards the normal range in the patients who obtained complete remission, whereas T1 remained prolonged in the patients who did not respond successfully to the treatment. The results indicate that MRI may be a non-invasive clinically useful tool in the evaluation of acute leukaemia especially as a follow-up control of chemotherapy. PMID- 3477674 TI - [Analysis of antibodies to human T-lymphotropic type III virus (anti-HTLV III) in a population at high risk for AIDS in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 3477676 TI - Computerised anti-HTLV-III data collection and integration. PMID- 3477678 TI - [Scintigraphic and x-ray bronchologic evaluation of the spread of bronchogenic cancer]. AB - The potentialities of perfusion and positive pulmonary scintigraphy for the determination of spreading of bronchogenic cancer were studied in 83 patients and in terms of the assessment of effectiveness of radiation therapy in 28 patients. The results obtained by means of radionuclide methods were compared with those of roentgenography, tomography and bronchofibroscopy. Disorder of perfusion in the lung was shown to depend on primary tumor spreading as well as on the involvement of some groups of lymph nodes. Changes in the blood flow were greater than a degree of primary tumor spreading. It was shown that perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy could be used to predict a volume of radiation therapy. Scintigraphy of the chest with 67Ga-citrate permitted the determination of tumor sizes which was important for central cancer. At the same time potentialities for the detection of lymph node involvement were limited resulting from difficulties in differentiation of the affected lymph nodes from a primary tumor. PMID- 3477677 TI - Cytochemical, electrophoretic and chromatographic studies of non-specific esterases in acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3477679 TI - Chromogenic and fluorigenic substrates for sulfurtransferases. PMID- 3477680 TI - Cytoreductive procedures in the early management in cases of leukemia and hyperleukocytosis in children. AB - Cytoreduction for hyperleukocytosis before the initiation of primary therapy may reduce morbidity and mortality from blast cell lysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and from leukostasis in children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The clinical features of 35 children (23 with ALL, 5 with ANLL, and 7 with CML) who underwent cytoreduction before the institution of definitive therapy were studied. Twelve children had exchange transfusions and 23 underwent leukaphereses. The cytoreductive procedures were equally effective in removing peripheral leukocytes (median decrease, 60%) and produced no complications. Ten children required additional cytoreduction because of further leukocyte increase before chemotherapy became effective. Three children with ALL who had renal insufficiency and metabolic derangement prior to leukapheresis subsequently required additional therapeutic measures. Three children with respiratory symptoms attributable to leukostasis improved after cytoreduction, and there were no episodes of intracerebral hemorrhage. These observations demonstrate the safety and efficiency of exchange transfusion and leukapheresis, and provide support for the role of cytoreduction in the early management of cases of hyperleukostasis and leukemia in children. PMID- 3477682 TI - Animal allergy: Part I. National Institutes of Health (NIAID) Symposium. Proceedings. PMID- 3477681 TI - Unusual skin rash following withdrawal of oral 6-mercaptopurine in children with leukemia. AB - Sixteen episodes of a distinctive, papular rash occurred in eight patients following withdrawal of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and methotrexate (MTX) used as maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The rash also developed in one of the eight patients when only 6MP was discontinued. The eruption occurred mainly on the face, and in this site resembled the perioral dermatitis seen following withdrawal of topical fluorinated steroids. The rash generally began within 3 weeks of stopping 6MP and lasted 3 to 4 weeks. It failed to improve with the use of topical corticosteroid. We conclude that this rash is caused by the withdrawal of oral 6MP. PMID- 3477683 TI - Clinical aspects of allergies to animals: overview and definition. AB - After many years of neglect, sensitivity to animals is receiving the attention it deserves. In this symposium, a number of advances in this area will be reported, including more precise characterization of antigens, improved diagnostic techniques, better methods of determining the atmospheric load of antigen, and more effective ways of management all directed to bringing this important problem under control. PMID- 3477684 TI - Diagnosis of animal allergy. AB - The aims of the diagnostic evaluation are to establish the presence and severity of disease and the importance of animal exposure as the etiology of the disease. The evaluation of the importance of animals may be part of a general allergy evaluation or specifically directed toward an animal in certain cases, such as occupational exposure. The diagnostic techniques are medical history, physical examination, allergy skin tests or in vitro tests for IgE antibody and correlation of improvement in symptoms with animal avoidance. PMID- 3477685 TI - Assessing the animal associated environment. AB - Although assessments of the animal associated environment remain largely at the stage of gross description, it is clear that more precise and comprehensive expressions of resulting exposure are desirable. Both the problems to be overcome and the means of addressing technical imperatives have been characterized, and it appears that interest in this area will soon enter a "log phase" of growth. As a result, we may hope soon to deal with animal allergens in quantitative terms of dose and response and to appreciate how indoor ecosystems modulate challenge. It is realistic to hope that allowable exposure limits may follow and that from these will emerge innovative strategies ensuring healthful human-animal interactions. PMID- 3477686 TI - Allergy and pulmonary impairment in Iowa veterinarians. AB - If small animal practice exposure, including the laboratory animal situations encountered in academic and other research pursuits, is more detrimental to veterinarians than large animal practice exposure for induction of allergic respiratory disease, then preventive measures such as increased ventilation, use of high efficiency particulate filters, and wearing of masks should be encouraged to reduce allergen exposures. Migration from large animal practice, likewise, should be discouraged. Failure to migrate to low occupational allergy risk situations early enough in a veterinary career can have severe and even fatal results. If the observed respiratory disease in veterinarians is in fact due to exposure, then unfortunately, it may in some cases be progressive and not just chronic. Data which could provide criteria for predicting occupational allergy and possible related respiratory disease outcome is scant at this time and career counselling is difficult. If the veterinary occupational animal allergy data should be proven correct such results can be used to help others. PMID- 3477687 TI - Allergy to animals: a laboratory animal science perspective. PMID- 3477689 TI - The pet owner experience. AB - The sheer frequency of contact with animals poses special problems for the allergist; it is estimated that six to seven percent of the U.S. population suffer from allergies and nearly 25% of the allergic population are sensitive to dogs and cats. That would mean that at least 1.5% of the population is sensitive to dogs and cats, let alone other animals. Considering that over 60% of the country's 85 million households have dogs and/or cats, this poses a problem that should not be ignored. The role of other furred and feathered pets must also be a topic of future research, especially as these animals become more popular. What must be appreciated is that the pet owner experience is so pervasive and of such importance in the lives of people that many people, especially young people, have more contact with animals than even those who work with animals. There is now a great concern for the emotional and economic well-being of those whose occupation involves animal contact, which is most appropriate. It is also time to extend this concern to the many other citizens of this country who share their lives with animals. PMID- 3477688 TI - Allergy to animals: principles of clinical management. AB - Allergy to household pets and laboratory animals is a major clinical problem. Therapeutic intervention depends on a correct diagnosis based on a thorough history corroborated by skin tests. The only completely successful therapy is avoiding exposure to animals. When the symptoms are mild or when avoidance is impossible, drug therapy may be tried in conjunction with immunotherapy. PMID- 3477690 TI - Achieved objectives in laboratory animal allergy research: their significance for policy and practice. AB - The state of the art, so far as laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is concerned, has been significantly advanced by the research which I have described. The clinical patterns of LAA and their medical management can be reasonably confidently set out. Even so, I would expect some of the views, so confidently asserted here, to be overturned by future work. The advent of practicable, accurate hygiene methodology opens up the opportunity to develop credible protective strategies. In this area, I have refrained almost completely from offering detailed opinions on the grounds that, at present, they would be correct only by chance. PMID- 3477691 TI - [Quantum chemical study of the "catalytic triad" of serine proteases]. AB - Using the semi-empirical MNDO/H method several systems simulating the reaction of tetrahedral intermediate formation in the active site of serine proteases have been studied. The role played by elements of the "catalytic triad" in increasing the reactivity of serine hydroxyl has been discussed. The formation of a strong hydrogen bond between His and Asp was shown to be important in lowering the activation energy in the reaction of Ser with substrate. The change in position of the proton located between Ser and His and between His and Asp was analysed. The influence of substrate distortion on the energy of intermediate formation has been considered. PMID- 3477692 TI - Mutation at the APRT locus in Friend erythroleukaemia cells. 1. Mutation rates and properties of mutants. AB - Spontaneous mutation at the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) locus in clone 707 of the Friend cell line was examined. The frequency of cells resistant to 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) was found to be 2.6 X 10(-5) with a mutation rate of 1.81 X 10(-6) cell-1 generation-1. APRT activities in 9 DAP-resistant clones were found to vary between 0 and 27% the level observed in wild-type cells. It is suggested that clone 707 cells are heterozygous or functionally hemizygous at the APRT locus. PMID- 3477694 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3477693 TI - Conduction block in hereditary neuropathy with susceptibility to pressure palsies. AB - Slow nerve conduction velocities, temporal dispersion of action potentials and conduction block occur in polyneuropathies with segmental demyelination. Conduction block has been reported in focal compressive neuropathies and in acute and chronic autoimmune polyneuropathy but not in hereditary motor and sensory demyelinating neuropathy. We report conduction block in five nerves of four patients from two families with a hereditary neuropathy with susceptibility to pressure palsies and pathologic changes of segmental demyelination and tomaculous swellings. Conduction block that may be long lasting is a feature of this type of hereditary neuropathy, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this electrophysiologic finding. PMID- 3477695 TI - Long-term evaluation of HIV antigen and antibodies to p24 and gp41 in patients with hemophilia. Potential clinical importance. AB - To investigate the relation between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigenemia and clinical manifestations of HIV infections, we studied 96 patients with hemophilia who were positive for HIV antibody, for a median of 34 months. Every 4 to 10 months a clinical and laboratory examination was performed and serum samples were tested for three HIV markers: HIV antigen, antibody to p24, and antibody to gp41. Twenty-two subjects (23 percent) were found to be positive for HIV antigen: 8 were positive upon entry and remained so (Group 1), and 14 became positive during the study, 4 to 26 months after HIV antibody appeared (seroconversion), 13 of whom remained positive for HIV antigen (Group 2). Most subjects positive for HIV antigen had low or undetectable titers of antibody to p24, whereas the antibody titer to gp41 remained high. In Group 2, patients with low p24 antibody titers had further decreases in their titers before or at the time HIV antigen appeared. Once present, HIV antigen persisted and tended to increase in concentration. In contrast to Group 3 (negative for HIV antigen, low anti-p24 titer) and 4 (negative for HIV antigen, high anti-p24 titer), the groups positive for HIV antigen had significantly higher incidences of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (P = 0.05), immunodeficiency-related infections (P less than 0.001), and immune thrombocytopenia (P = 0.001), and had more severe disease as measured by the Walter Reed staging system (P less than 0.001). In this study, HIV antigen appeared to be a better predictive marker of HIV-related complications than the absolute T4+ count. These results suggest that HIV antigenemia indicates a poor clinical prognosis. PMID- 3477696 TI - AIDS and hemophilia. PMID- 3477697 TI - Myeloid-antigen expression in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3477698 TI - Promoting Retrovir. PMID- 3477699 TI - Safe sex. PMID- 3477700 TI - Britain's genetic manipulation regulations to be extended. PMID- 3477701 TI - [Secondary malignancies following treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3477702 TI - The results of topical application of 13-cis-retinoic acid on basal cell carcinoma. A correlation of the clinical effect with histopathological examination and serum retinol level. AB - A group of 50 patients with basal cell carcinoma of the face was treated by 13 cis-retinoic acid. The treatment resulted in diminution of the tumors. Complete regression was observed in 4 cases. Histological examination revealed necrosis of cancer cells and mononuclear infiltration into the treated tumors. In the group with weak clinical and histological reaction to the treatment all basal cell carcinomas were of adenoid type. A better effect was observed in the group with lower serum retinol level. This treatment method seems to be supplementary to surgery in prevention of the tumor recurrence. PMID- 3477703 TI - [Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and spinal muscular atrophy of the peroneal type. A case report]. PMID- 3477704 TI - [Histocompatibility antigens in childhood myasthenia]. AB - In a group of 55 myasthenic children 21 HLA antigens locus A and B were determined. The frequency of the HLA-B8 antigen was found to be significantly higher in childhood myasthenia as compared with control group. This correlation was not found in ocular myasthenia in children. Determination of HLA antigens in childhood myasthenia may facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis and predict the further course of the disease in cases in which the disease begins with symptoms of fatigability of oculomotor muscles. PMID- 3477705 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase in OPCA. PMID- 3477706 TI - Blast cells in CNS leukemia. PMID- 3477708 TI - The need for good communication. PMID- 3477709 TI - The osteoporosis index. An educational approach to maximize prevention. PMID- 3477707 TI - [Origin and localization of leukemic cells in the central nervous system of adults with non-lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3477710 TI - Update on child abuse. PMID- 3477711 TI - Prescription addiction. PMID- 3477712 TI - The more it changes, the more it stays the same. PMID- 3477713 TI - Celiac plexus blocks provide pain relief for malignant and benign visceral pain. PMID- 3477714 TI - Home care for the ventilator patient: a checklist you can use. PMID- 3477716 TI - Humanism and medical ethics in a technological age. PMID- 3477715 TI - Supervising interns and residents and limiting their working hours. PMID- 3477717 TI - Cigarette smoking among Ethiopian health professionals and students. PMID- 3477719 TI - Malpractice by nonphysician healers. PMID- 3477718 TI - Malignant angioendotheliomatosis manifesting as ascending spinal cord dysfunction. PMID- 3477720 TI - Colostomy bag simulating bony metastases. PMID- 3477721 TI - Recommended infection-control practices for dentistry. Dental Disease Prevention Activity, Center for Prevention Svcs, Hospital Infections Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. PMID- 3477722 TI - Dental practice costs increase: but dental practice continues to be favorable. PMID- 3477723 TI - Investing. PMID- 3477724 TI - Focus on relationships. PMID- 3477725 TI - The prevalence of dental pain and anxiety: their relationship to "quality of life". PMID- 3477726 TI - Pensions, Keoghs, IRA's. A poor gamble for the professional? PMID- 3477727 TI - Changing dental practice configurations in New York State during the 1980's. PMID- 3477728 TI - An adventure in expedient justice. PMID- 3477729 TI - Is the news media fair in its coverage of dentistry? PMID- 3477730 TI - On liability insurance. PMID- 3477731 TI - A conceptual overview of TMJ dysfunction pain. PMID- 3477732 TI - The condyle fossa relationship: a new look at the anatomy of the human TMJ. PMID- 3477733 TI - A multidimensional approach to bruxism and TMD. PMID- 3477734 TI - On denture identification. PMID- 3477735 TI - Craniomandibular disorders and orthodontics. Interrelationships. PMID- 3477736 TI - Explore tax shelter investment opportunities. PMID- 3477737 TI - IBM's personal system/2 and you. PMID- 3477738 TI - MacDentist. PMID- 3477740 TI - Perio-restorative practice requires diversity. PMID- 3477739 TI - Transform your PC into an encyclopedia. PMID- 3477741 TI - Comparison of arthrographic findings of the temporomandibular joint with palpation of the muscles of mastication. AB - Two hundred five patients were examined for temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction and specifically for tenderness to muscle palpation. Arthrograms were performed on 222 joints (188 unilateral and 17 bilateral). Significant findings were ascertained for the middle portion of the temporal muscle in "normal" patients versus "with and without meniscus reduction" patients. The superficial masseter muscle was more tender in "normal" patients and in "reducing meniscus" patients than in "without meniscus reduction" patients. The medial pterygoid muscle was more tender in "normal" patients and in "without meniscus reduction" patients than in "reducing meniscus" patients. Though there are some significant findings with respect to muscle palpation, by itself muscle palpation is not a specific indicator of temporomandibular joint internal derangement. PMID- 3477742 TI - Is acupuncture sufficient as the sole analgesic in oral surgery? AB - Twenty-six patients who were undergoing operative removal of an impacted third molar were given acupuncture as an alternative to conventional local analgesia. Pain ratings during different stages of the surgical procedure showed that gingival and periosteal incisions were tolerated, with only minor pain experienced by 18 of the patients. During mucoperiosteal flap dissection 12 patients experienced unacceptable pain. In total, only 2 of the patients tolerated the entire procedure; however, they reported severe pain during the final part of the operation. In conclusion, it seems that acupuncture as performed in the present study could not subserve as a routine method for analgesia in this type of operative procedure. PMID- 3477743 TI - Retrieval of a swallowed casting 6 weeks after ingestion. A case report. AB - An inadequately retained gold multiple-unit fixed prosthesis was accidently swallowed, ingested into the gastrointestinal tract, and recovered naturally after a delay of 6 weeks. Correct procedures were followed and documented by the providers involved, allowing for a successful conservative resolution of the mishap. PMID- 3477744 TI - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis of the Behcet's type: successful treatment with thalidomide. AB - A 48-year-old man with a 27-year history of debilitating recurrent aphthous stomatitis major and pustular skin lesions was treated successfully with thalidomide. Side effects have not been encountered during a 6-month symptom-free period, while he has taken 25 mg per day. The drug is currently unavailable in this country except for the treatment of leprosy. It is hoped that publication of the dramatic response to thalidomide in this one instance will encourage greater interest in this potentially useful drug. PMID- 3477746 TI - Spontaneous migration and chemotactic activity of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes in recurrent aphthous ulceration. AB - Chemotactic activity and spontaneous migration under agarose were assessed for peripheral blood neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes from 22 patients with minor recurrent aphthous ulceration and 22 control subjects. The peptide N-formyl L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine was used as the standard chemotactic stimulus. Under the conditions of this study, no significant differences in either chemotaxis or spontaneous migration were evident between neutrophils from the patient and control groups. PMID- 3477745 TI - Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth: correlation with dental plaque scores, gingivitis scores, and cyclosporin levels in serum and saliva. AB - Gingival overgrowth, dental plaque, and gingivitis were assessed by means of standardized semiquantitative indices in thirty renal transplant patients undergoing immunosuppression with cyclosporin-A (Cy-A). Radioimmunoassay techniques were used to determine Cy-A in serum samples and in parotid, submandibular, and whole saliva samples from each patient. A significant positive correlation was found between gingival overgrowth scores and both dental plaque and gingivitis scores. A significant positive correlation was found between whole saliva Cy-A and both plaque and gingival overgrowth scores. No such correlation was found when parotid Cy-A or submandibular Cy-A was considered. This was attributed to differences in saliva-collection methods, and a possible role of dental plaque as a local reservoir of Cy-A is proposed. PMID- 3477747 TI - The paradental cyst: a clinicopathologic study of 50 cases. AB - The paradental cyst is an odontogenic cyst of inflammatory origin, which occurs on either the buccal, distal, or (rarely) mesial aspects of partially erupted mandibular third molars. In most cases there is an associated history of recurrent pericoronitis. The clinicopathologic features of 50 cases are reviewed. The frequency of the paradental cyst is 3% to 5% of all odontogenic cysts, although we believe its true incidence to be higher. All cases occur in the mandible, and there is a marked preponderance in males. White persons are affected more frequently than blacks. The size of the cysts varies from 1 to 2 cm; they are attached to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the coronal third of the roots. Histologically, they cannot be distinguished from other inflammatory odontogenic cysts. While origin from junctional epithelium or cell rests of Malassez cannot be entirely excluded, we favor an origin from reduced enamel epithelium and suggest that cyst formation occurs as a result of unilateral expansion of the dental follicle secondary to inflammatory destruction of bone and periodontium. PMID- 3477749 TI - Pulp response to Streptococcus mutans. AB - The maxillary molar pulps of germ-free rats were mechanically exposed, and suspensions of a strain of freshly grown Streptococcus mutans were applied to the pulp wounds. The pulps were left open to the oral environment, and the animals were maintained in the isolator until they were killed in groups after 2, 7, and 28 days. After 2 days there was little evidence of any pulp response. In the 7 day group early pulp necrosis was present. No evidence of inflammatory infiltration was detected in either the 2- or 7-day animals. After 28 days there was extensive pulp necrosis in many specimens. Dentine bridges were present in fewer than one fourth of the teeth. PMID- 3477748 TI - Re-treatment in endodontics. AB - In order to achieve success in endodontics, major emphasis is placed on judicious instrumentation, microbial control, and complete obturation of the root canal system. During re-treatment of previously endodontically treated teeth, one may encounter a variety of different materials, which must be removed before these objectives can be achieved. The intent of this article is to present various methods that the practitioner may use in an attempt to safely remove these materials while adhering to sound endodontic principles. The article further emphasizes that removal of the previous filling material is only the initial step, which, when successfully accomplished, provides access to the root canal system so that therapy objectives can be carried out. PMID- 3477750 TI - In situ characterization of cells in periapical granuloma by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used in histopathologic and immunohistologic studies of periapical granulomas. In cellular zones, plasma cells and lymphocytes predominated, with variable numbers of fibroblasts, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Labeling with monoclonal antibodies disclosed relatively infrequent, usually scattered macrophages. Plasma cells were numerous and frequently clumped. The vast majority of lymphocytes were T cells, scattered individually or in small groups of three or four cells and dispersed throughout the granulomas without any topographic predilection, with prevalence of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells over T-helper/inducer cells. Our findings of numerous plasma cells, which were in agreement with descriptions of numerous immunoglobulin-producing cells by other authors, imply the participation of antibody-mediated immune reactions in periapical granulomas. The presence of cell mediated immunity, in spite of numerous T cells, could not be confirmed. PMID- 3477751 TI - Radiographic reproduction of endodontic "working length" comparing the paralleling and the bisecting-angle techniques. AB - The reproduction of a metal indicator simulating a root canal instrument at the apex of a tooth was examined as a function of paralleling, modified paralleling, and bisecting-angle radiographic techniques. Radiographs exposed according to the paralleling and modified paralleling principles demonstrated good correlation between the radiographic position of the metal indicator and its position on direct inspection. The bisecting-angle technique, either correctly or incorrectly angulated, produced the least accurate results. The apical location of the metal indicator was significantly more reliable with the paralleling principle than with the bisecting-angle technique (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3477752 TI - Application of computed tomography for diagnosis of alveolar bony defects. AB - This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in analyzing the three-dimensional structure of alveolar bony defects. The result showed that differences between CT film and actual readings from the cusp ridge to the bone crest were negligible, and the reading on CT film was underestimated approximately 1 mm at the distance from the cusp ridge to the bottom of the bony defect. By reading a series of CT films, one can easily evaluate the type of bony defects. Therefore, application of CT maybe useful for analyzing three dimensional structure and diagnosis of the alveolar bony defects. PMID- 3477753 TI - E-speed dental films processed with rapid chemistry: a comparison with D-speed film. AB - Image quality of E-speed film processed in four rapid chemistry solutions was evaluated and compared to that of D-speed film. One-hundred-twenty films (60 E speed and 60 D-speed) were exposed with the use of a quality-control phantom and processed in four different rapid solutions. The images were evaluated for speed, contrast, fog and base, resolution, and granularity, and the useful lifetime of the solutions was determined. E-speed film processed with rapid chemistry produced images equal in quality to D-speed film in the range tested (70 to 90 kVp). Fog and base levels of E-speed film were greater than those of D-speed film. The resolution and granularity of the images were equal and were judged adequate in both film types, regardless of the chemistry used. Rapid processing solutions were found to have a 10% to 15% shorter useful lifetime with E-speed film than with D-speed film. The processing of E-speed film in rapid chemistry is recommended for emergency care and endodontics. PMID- 3477754 TI - The zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) on panoramic radiographs. PMID- 3477755 TI - Agenesis of a primary and permanent incisor. PMID- 3477756 TI - Studies in the radiobiology of osteoradionecrosis and their clinical significance. AB - The radiobiology of osteoradionecrosis is a complex of cellular death and cellular functional impairments from radiation energy transfers. Four studies of irradiated patients and a data base from 536 patients with osteoradionecrosis revealed separate pathophysiologic conditions for osteoradionecrosis induced by early trauma, osteoradionecrosis induced by late trauma, and spontaneous osteoradionecrosis. A large body of data suggested useful clinical guidelines for the management of irradiated patients. The guidelines, in part, include a recommendation for deferring radiation treatment for 21 days after tissue wounding, if possible; a relative contraindication to wounding tissue during a radiation course; a recommendation for the use of hyperbaric oxygen before wounding; and a strong recommendation to provide comprehensive dental care to the irradiated patient. PMID- 3477757 TI - Horizontal condylar angle in relation to internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. AB - The angle between the horizontal condylar long axis and the frontal plane was measured and correlated with arthrographic diagnosis in 364 consecutive temporomandibular joint patients. There were no statistically significant associations between the horizontal condylar angle and the arthrographic diagnosis. The condylar angle of the contralateral joint however, was, found to be larger in patients with unilateral anterior disk displacement than in patients with normal temporomandibular joints. There is no immediate explanation of this finding, but it supports previous observations and may contribute to the understanding of the etiology and the pathogenesis of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3477758 TI - Mandibular advancement combined with horizontal advancement genioplasty for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in an edentulous patient. A case report. AB - Orthognathic surgical procedures have been used in the past for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. The treatment becomes more complicated when the patient has edentulous upper and lower arches. A treatment plan that provided a good surgical result and resolution of all symptoms was devised for such a patient. PMID- 3477759 TI - Transplantation of mandibular third molar in seventh decade: long-term follow-up and evaluation. AB - Transplantation of a nonfunctional mandibular third molar into the opposite mandibular second molar site, where it was necessary to remove the second molar of a 61-year-old patient, has been reported. There was long-term follow-up and evaluation, with radiographs and clinical examination during the ninth postoperative year. The patient had no complaints related to the transplant at the long-term follow-up visit. The periodontal tissues were in excellent condition. The tooth was firm, and the radiograph demonstrated growth of new attachment by showing lamina dura and periodontal ligament space. There was filling-in of bone in the lateral and periapical areas, and there was no evidence of resorption. A root canal filling had been acquired in the transplant between the second and ninth postoperative years. PMID- 3477760 TI - Stroke following temporomandibular arthrography. PMID- 3477761 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis: a review of its use and efficacy. PMID- 3477763 TI - An unusual case of black teeth. AB - Loss of enamel and a deep black stain of the teeth in a 40-year-old diabetic patient are strongly suggested to be caused by the daily consumption of a cheap white wine and, possibly, by the chewing of cayenne. The wine proved to be rather acid, thereby promoting abrasion as a result of gnashing, and to contain a high concentration of tannin. The exact role of the tannins is described. PMID- 3477764 TI - Peripheral odontogenic fibroma. AB - Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (WHO type) is an uncommon lesion of the gingiva; 18 well-documented cases have been published. It is considered to be the extraosseous counterpart of the central odontogenic fibroma. Because of the paucity of reported cases, the full histomorphologic spectrum of this lesion has not yet been established. This article presents nine cases of peripheral odontogenic fibroma that illustrate the variety of its histopathologic findings. The connective tissue ranged from loose (almost myxomatous) to markedly cellular to relatively acellular and well-collagenized. Islands and/or strands of odontogenic epithelium were present in all lesions. Matrix of mineralized material was present in three cases, and juxtaepithelial hyalinization was seen in one case. To avoid the introduction of additional diagnostic terms, we suggest that all these lesions be considered a spectrum of the peripheral odontogenic fibroma (WHO type). We also suggest that the term WHO type be used to distinguish peripheral odontogenic fibromas from the peripheral ossifying fibroma with which they have often been confused. PMID- 3477762 TI - Prevalence of caries-associated microflora after radiotherapy in patients with cancer of the head and neck. AB - In this clinical study of irradiated head and neck cancer patients at M. D. Anderson Hospital, 68 adult xerostomic patients using different fluoride gels were evaluated for oral levels of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans during the postradiotherapy period, which ranged from 2 months to 20 years. The fluoride groups were compared with a control group consisting of 21 cancer patients who were scheduled to undergo radiotherapy. Lactobacillus levels were significantly elevated in all postradiotherapy groups, irrespective of the type of fluoride gel used. S. mutans levels in the 0.4% SnF2 group were significantly lower than in the 1.0% NaF gel group. The low levels of S. mutans observed in the SnF2 group suggest that this agent may be exerting a downward selective pressure on the microorganism during the postradiotherapy period. PMID- 3477765 TI - Hemimaxillofacial dysplasia: a newly recognized disorder of facial asymmetry, hypertrichosis of the facial skin, unilateral enlargement of the maxilla, and hypoplastic teeth in two patients. AB - Hemimaxillofacial dysplasia is a newly recognized disorder consisting of unilateral enlargement of the maxillary alveolar bone and the gingiva associated with hypoplastic teeth, facial asymmetry, and hypertrichosis of the facial skin on the ipsilateral side. The overall pattern of abnormalities in both of the patients presented in this article differs significantly from previously reported types of maxillofacial asymmetry. The occurrence of the same abnormalities in two or more unrelated patients suggests, but does not prove, that pathogenesis in both cases may be the same. The present disorder needs further delineation. At present, neither the cause nor the pathogenesis is understood. PMID- 3477766 TI - Oral Cryptococcus neoformans infection in AIDS. AB - Opportunistic fungal and parasitic infections account for a significant amount of the morbidity and the mortality associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Oral fungal infections are limited primarily to Candida albicans. The first reported case of oral Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a patient with AIDS is presented. PMID- 3477767 TI - Oral manifestations of disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - A palatal lesion was the initial manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The diagnosis was initially verified with cytologic smears in situ and later confirmed with pathologic findings from an excisional biopsy specimen. As cryptococcosis is one of the major opportunistic infections in persons with AIDS, an increased incidence of oral manifestations of cryptococcosis can be expected. PMID- 3477768 TI - Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn: a rare oral presentation. AB - Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn occurring exclusively in the oral cavity as a single lesion has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. A case of this rare developmental anomaly at the palatine papilla of a 40-year-old woman is described. PMID- 3477769 TI - Odontogenic keratocysts in the anterior maxilla: report of two cases, one simulating a nasopalatine cyst. AB - Two odontogenic keratocysts occurring in the anterior portion of the maxilla, an unusual location, are reported. In one instance, the clinical and radiographic features simulated a nasopalatine cyst. It is suggested that a likely origin for an odontogenic keratocyst in this location is the primordium of a mesiodens that fails to develop. PMID- 3477770 TI - Bacterial contamination as a factor influencing the toxicity of materials to the exposed dental pulp. AB - Three materials, which had been previously found to be toxic when applied as pulp capping agents in conventional rat molar pulps, were retested in germ-free rats. All produced much more favorable responses in the pulp, with a lack of inflammation and the presence of dentine bridges in the majority of teeth. It appears that much of the pulp damage previously attributed to the chemical toxicity of materials may be caused by the presence of bacteria. The design of studies intended to evaluate the response of the pulp to materials should include staining techniques that will detect the presence of bacteria on the floors of test cavities. PMID- 3477771 TI - Tissue response to retrograde root fillings in the ferret canine: a comparison of a glass ionomer cement and gutta-percha with sealer. AB - Tissue healing was compared after apicectomy and filling of ferret lower canines with glass ionomer (Ketacfil) or gutta-percha/sealer (Tubliseal). Both materials provoked an inflammatory response after 7 days, but the response to glass ionomer was less severe. The response after 28 days was different. Mild inflammation related to the gutta-percha was still present, but no inflammation was found in relation to the glass ionomer. Bone infill was quite advanced in all specimens at 28 days but was more complete in the glass ionomer specimens, with intimate contact between the bone and cement. PMID- 3477773 TI - Digital image processing of dentomaxillofacial radiographs. AB - The improvement in the image quality of dentomaxillofacial radiographs (panoramic radiographs) with the use of a digital image-processing system was examined. Linear and nonlinear unsharp masking techniques were employed for image processing. The quality of the processed images was found to be markedly improved over that in original radiographs. The detail visibility of linearly enhanced images, especially in low-density areas, was superior to that of nonlinearly enhanced images, although the presence of more artifacts and more noise was noted in linearly enhanced images. Radiographic diagnosis in the dentomaxillofacial region can be improved with this system. PMID- 3477772 TI - Influence of the enlargement of the apical foramen in periapical repair of contaminated teeth of dog. AB - Root canals of dogs' premolar teeth were exposed to contamination and to the development of periapical inflammation over a period of 45 days. Root canals were overinstrumented 2 mm beyond the apical foramen with file No. 60 and were underfilled by 2 to 3 mm short of the roentgenographic apex. Ninety days after endodontic treatment, healing and ingrowth of connective tissue into the root canal occurred in 67.8% of the cases. These results suggest that the diameter of the apical foramen and the intensity of the canal contamination are determining factors for periapical tissue repair in cases of pulpal necrosis. PMID- 3477774 TI - Bilateral transposition of maxillary canines. PMID- 3477775 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy and nephrosclerosis: genetic, immunologic and biochemical basis of pathomorphologic changes. Therapeutic prospects]. PMID- 3477776 TI - [Genetic studies of children with neural tube defects. III. Segregation-linkage analysis of neural tube defects and the HLA system]. PMID- 3477777 TI - Education-administration gap: effects on psych/MH nursing. PMID- 3477779 TI - Second malignancies in patients surviving osteosarcoma. AB - Sixty-nine patients were identified who had survived for at least 10 years after therapy for ordinary-type intramedullary osteosarcoma and for whom adequate follow-up data were available to determine whether second malignancies had developed. Eight patients (11.6%) had developed second malignant tumors, 5 of whom had died of their second malignancies. Although these figures are higher than those expected for cancer incidence and death rates, the differences are not statistically significant. PMID- 3477778 TI - Properties of a CCAAT box-binding protein. AB - NF-Y is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with the conserved Y motif of the major histocompatibility complex class II gene, E alpha. Since it is actually a CCAAT box-binding protein, NF-Y also attaches to other promoters bearing CCAAT sequences; yet, it is neither of the previously described transcription factors, CBP or CTF/NF-1. In this report, we document the cell-type distribution and various biochemical properties of NF-Y. The most important findings are that this protein is ubiquitously distributed, that it is probably a metallo-protein, that it has a protease-resistant DNA-binding domain and that the NF-Y/E alpha-olgo complex seems extremely large (greater than 200kD). These data should prove useful in comparisons of NF-Y with other sequence-specific DNA binding proteins; they have already provided new insights into NF-Y's structure. PMID- 3477780 TI - Acute myeloblastic leukaemia associated with solitary plasmacytoma of the ilium. AB - A 72 year old man developed acute myeloblastic leukaemia two years after he had been treated with local curative therapy and chemotherapy for a solitary plasma cytoma of the ilium. PMID- 3477781 TI - [Evaluation of teleradiographic profiles of the skull in lateral projection using a computer]. PMID- 3477782 TI - [Laboratory experiences with light-activated polymerization of dental filling composites]. PMID- 3477783 TI - [Functional value of prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 3477784 TI - [Regimen procedures for oral and dental surgeries in dental clinics]. PMID- 3477786 TI - [Dental floss as a supplement in dental hygiene]. PMID- 3477785 TI - [Caries experience in schoolchildren in the region of northern Moravia in 1982]. PMID- 3477787 TI - [Healing of extraction wounds after the use of dental pins made from carboxycellulose, as carriers of pharmacological substances]. PMID- 3477788 TI - [Geriatric patients in the dental surgery]. PMID- 3477789 TI - [Radiogenic tumours of the head and neck]. PMID- 3477790 TI - [Case report on the effectiveness of ofloxacin (Tarivid) in large cavernous lung tuberculosis]. PMID- 3477791 TI - Monte Carlo-minimization approach to the multiple-minima problem in protein folding. AB - A Monte Carlo-minimization method has been developed to overcome the multiple minima problem. The Metropolis Monte Carlo sampling, assisted by energy minimization, surmounts intervening barriers in moving through successive discrete local minima in the multidimensional energy surface. The method has located the lowest-energy minimum thus far reported for the brain pentapeptide [Met5]enkephalin in the absence of water. Presumably it is the global minimum energy structure. This supports the concept that protein folding may be a Markov process. In the presence of water, the molecules appear to exist as an ensemble of different conformations. PMID- 3477792 TI - Biosynthesis of vitamin B12: concerning the origin of the methine protons of the corrin nucleus. AB - 13C NMR spectroscopy has been used to locate six deuterium atoms incorporated biosynthetically on the periphery of the corrin nucleus of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) derived from cells of Propionibacterium shermanii grown in a medium containing 50% 2H2O and 13C-enriched delta-aminolevulinic acid. The implications of these results for the mechanism of vitamin B12 biosynthesis are discussed, and it is concluded that the same oxidation level of the intermediates is maintained throughout the biosynthetic pathway, from delta-aminolevulinic acid to corrin. PMID- 3477793 TI - Poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine: its role in cadmium resistance in plant cells. AB - Angiosperms can be selected for the ability to grow in the presence of normally toxic concentrations of certain trace metal ions. Addition of Cd and Cu to Cd resistant Datura innoxia cell cultures results in the rapid synthesis and accumulation of sulfur-rich, metal-binding polypeptides. The structure of these compounds was determined using amino acid analysis, 13C NMR, and site-specific enzymic digestion. These compounds are poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines. Greater than 80% of the cellular Cd is bound to the bis and tris forms in Cd resistant cells. There is a direct correlation between the maximum accumulation of the metal-binding polypeptides and the concentration of toxic ions to which the cells are resistant. In the presence of metal ions, the polypeptides form multimeric aggregates that can be resolved by gel chromatography. Cd binds to both the high and low molecular weight aggregates, whereas Cu preferentially binds to the higher molecular weight forms. The presence of gamma-carboxamide linkages between glutamyl and adjacent cysteinyl residues indicates that these polypeptides are products of biosynthetic pathways. Poly(gamma glutamylcysteinyl)glycines bind metals and, in this respect, appear to be functional analogs of the protein metallothionein. However, in the absence of supraoptimal concentrations of trace metal ions, the functions of metallothionein in animals and microorganisms and poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycines in plants may differ. PMID- 3477794 TI - UV-induced formation of pyrimidine dimers in nucleosome core DNA is strongly modulated with a period of 10.3 bases. AB - We have determined the distribution of the major UV-induced photoproducts in nucleosome core DNA using the 3'----5' exonuclease activity of T4 DNA polymerase, which has been shown to stop digestion immediately 3' to UV-induced pyrimidine dimers. This assay is extremely sensitive since all DNA fragments without photoproducts (background) are reduced to small oligonucleotides, which can be separated from those fragments containing photoproducts. The results show that the distribution of UV-induced photoproducts (primarily cyclobutane dipyrimidines) is not uniform throughout core DNA but displays a striking 10.3 (+/- 0.1) base periodicity. Furthermore, this characteristic distribution of photoproducts was obtained regardless of whether nucleosome core DNA was isolated from UV-irradiated intact chromatin fibers, histone H1-depleted chromatin fibers, isolated mononucleosomes, or cells in culture. The yield of pyrimidine dimers along the DNA seems to be modulated in a manner that reflects structural features of the nucleosome unit, possibly core histone-DNA interactions, since this pattern was not obtained for UV-irradiated core DNA either free in solution or bound tightly to calcium phosphate crystals. Based on their location relative to DNase I cutting sites, the sites of maximum pyrimidine dimer formation in core DNA mapped to positions where the phosphate backbone is farthest from the core histone surface. These results indicate that within the core region of nucleosomes, histone-DNA interactions significantly alter the quantum yield of cyclobutane dipyrimidines, possibly by restraining conformational changes in the DNA helix required for formation of these photoproducts. PMID- 3477795 TI - Bovine brain cytosol contains three immunologically distinct forms of inositolphospholipid-specific phospholipase C. AB - We previously reported that cytosolic fractions of bovine brain contain two immunologically distinct forms of phospholipase C (PLC), PLC-I and PLC-II. We now report the purification of another form of inositolphospholipid-specific phospholipase C from bovine brain cytosol, designated PLC-III, and the comparison of the catalytic properties of the three isozymes. Approximately 450 micrograms of pure PLC-III was obtained from 36 bovine brains, and it had a final specific activity of 30-40 mumol of phosphatidylinositol hydrolyzed per min per mg of enzyme in the presence of 0.1% deoxycholate. PLC-III exhibited an apparent Mr of 85,000 in NaDodSO4/PAGE, which is considerably smaller than the Mr of 150,000 for PLC-I and 145,000 for PLC-II. Neither of the two mixtures of monoclonal antibodies nor the rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed against either PLC-I or PLC-II cross-reacted with PLC-III. The catalytic properties of the three isozymes were studied by using small unilamellar vesicles prepared from either phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) as substrates. Hydrolysis of both PtdIns and PtdInsP2 by the three enzymes was dependent on Ca2+. However, at low Ca2+ concentration, PtdInsP2 was the preferred substrate for all three enzymes. When PtdIns was the substrate, the three enzymes exhibited similar specific activities at their optimum pH, which was 4.8 for PLC I, 5.0 for PLC-II, and 5.5 for PLC-III. But at neutral pH, the order of specific activity was PLC-III greater than PLC-II greater than PLC-I. In contrast, the order of specific activity was PLC-I greater than PLC-III greater than PLC-II for PtdInsP2 hydrolysis, which means that PLC-I is the most specific for PtdInsP2. The three enzymes were affected differently by bovine serum albumin: inhibition of PLC-I and activation of PLC-III were observed, whereas PLC-II was unaffected. This observation suggests that any putative protein effectors for PLC should be critically scrutinized. PMID- 3477796 TI - An accurate method for determination of receptor-ligand and enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constants from displacement curves. AB - Receptor-ligand dissociation constants are usually calculated from the displacement curve of a radioactively labeled ligand bound to the receptor. The formula used is restricted to cases in which the concentration of receptor is negligible compared to the concentration of both the displacing ligand and the radioactive ligand used. In this study, we rigorously derive a simple equation that can be used for calculating receptor-ligand dissociation constants for any set of experimental conditions. A linearized form of this equation provides a convenient plot from which the dissociation constant of the displacing ligand can be directly obtained. The plot is also a test for the competitive mode of binding. This exact equation now allows us to estimate the error incurred by the conventionally used equations. Similarly, we show that for competitive inhibition in enzymology, one can derive the analogous formula. Our new formula is free of the usual restrictions--namely, that the enzyme concentration is very small compared to the concentration of both the substrate and the inhibitor. It may therefore be applied to any set of experimental conditions. PMID- 3477797 TI - Enhanced protein thermostability from site-directed mutations that decrease the entropy of unfolding. AB - It is proposed that the stability of a protein can be increased by selected amino acid substitutions that decrease the configurational entropy of unfolding. Two such substitutions, one of the form Xaa----Pro and the other of the form Gly--- Xaa, were constructed in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme at sites consistent with the known three-dimensional structure. Both substitutions stabilize the protein toward reversible and irreversible thermal denaturation at physiological pH. The substitutions have no effect on enzymatic activity. High-resolution crystallographic analysis of the proline-containing mutant protein (Ala-82--- Pro) shows that its three-dimensional structure is essentially identical with the wild-type enzyme. The overall structure of the other mutant enzyme (Gly-77--- Ala) is also very similar to wild-type lysozyme, although there are localized conformational adjustments in the vicinity of the altered amino acid. The combination of a number of such amino acid replacements, each of which is expected to contribute approximately 1 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J) to the free energy of folding, may provide a general strategy for substantial improvement in the stability of a protein. PMID- 3477798 TI - Autonomous replication of plasmids bearing monkey DNA origin-enriched sequences. AB - Twelve clones of origin-enriched sequences (ORS) isolated from early replicating monkey (CV-1) DNA were examined for transient episomal replication in transfected CV-1, COS-7, and HeLa cells. Plasmid DNA was isolated at time intervals after transfection and screened by the Dpn I resistance assay or by the bromodeoxyuridine substitution assay to differentiate between input and replicated DNA. We have identified four monkey ORS (ORS3, -8, -9, and -12) that can support plasmid replication in mammalian cells. This replication is carried out in a controlled and semiconservative manner characteristic of mammalian replicons. ORS replication was most efficient in HeLa cells. Electron microscopy showed ORS8 and ORS12 plasmids of the correct size with replication bubbles. Using a unique restriction site in ORS12, we have mapped the replication bubble within the monkey DNA sequence. PMID- 3477799 TI - Brain cDNA clone for human cholinesterase. AB - A cDNA library from human basal ganglia was screened with oligonucleotide probes corresponding to portions of the amino acid sequence of human serum cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). Five overlapping clones, representing 2.4 kilobases, were isolated. The sequenced cDNA contained 207 base pairs of coding sequence 5' to the amino terminus of the mature protein in which there were four ATG translation start sites in the same reading frame as the protein. Only the ATG coding for Met-(-28) lay within a favorable consensus sequence for functional initiators. There were 1722 base pairs of coding sequence corresponding to the protein found circulating in human serum. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA exactly matched the 574 amino acid sequence of human serum cholinesterase, as previously determined by Edman degradation. Therefore, our clones represented cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) rather than acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). It was concluded that the amino acid sequences of cholinesterase from two different tissues, human brain and human serum, were identical. Hybridization of genomic DNA blots suggested that a single gene, or very few genes, coded for cholinesterase. PMID- 3477800 TI - CArG boxes in the human cardiac alpha-actin gene are core binding sites for positive trans-acting regulatory factors. AB - Positively acting, rate-limiting regulatory factors that influence tissue specific expression of the human cardiac alpha-actin gene in a mouse muscle cell line are shown by in vivo competition and gel mobility-shift assays to bind to upstream regions of its promoter but to neither vector DNA nor a beta-globin promoter. Although the two binding regions are distinctly separated, each corresponds to a cis region required for muscle-specific transcriptional stimulation, and each contains a core CC(A + T-rich)6GG sequence (designated CArG box), which is found in the promoter regions of several muscle-associated genes. Each site has an apparently different binding affinity for trans-acting factors, which may explain the different transcriptional stimulation activities of the two cis regions. Therefore, we conclude that the two CArG box regions are responsible for muscle-specific transcriptional activity of the cardiac alpha-actin gene through a mechanism that involves their binding of a positive trans-acting factor in muscle cells. PMID- 3477801 TI - Identification and biochemical characterization of p70TRK, product of the human TRK oncogene. AB - TRK is a human transforming gene generated in a colon carcinoma by a somatic rearrangement that fused a nonmuscle tropomyosin gene to sequences that shared extensive homology with members of the tyrosine-protein kinase supergene family. These sequences are likely to be derived from a transmembrane receptor gene whose putative ligand binding domain has been replaced by tropomyosin. In the present studies, we have expressed the entire coding sequences of the TRK oncogene as well as its protein kinase-related carboxyl-terminal domain in Escherichia coli. Antisera raised against these bacteria-synthesized TRK polypeptides has allowed us to identify the gene product of the TRK oncogene as a 70-kDa protein. Immunoprecipitates containing p70TRK have an associated protein kinase activity specific for tyrosine residues. Moreover, p70TRK is phosphorylated in vivo in serine (75%), threonine (20%), and tyrosine (5%) residues. Finally, immunofluorescence and cellular fractionation studies indicate that p70TRK is preferentially located in the cytoplasmic fraction. PMID- 3477802 TI - The major clotting protein from guinea pig seminal vesicle contains eight repeats of a 24-amino acid domain. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the major clotting protein from the guinea pig seminal vesicle (SVP-1) has been determined by nucleotide sequencing of cDNA clones corresponding to the 3' terminus of an mRNA that codes for a protein precursor to SVP-1. The first 40 amino acids of the derived protein sequence are identical to those determined by N-terminal sequencing of SVP-1 isolated from the lumen of the seminal vesicle. This finding confirms that SVP-1 is cleaved from the C terminus of a larger precursor protein. The portion of the nucleotide sequence that codes for SVP-1 contains eight highly homologous but imperfect repeats of a 72-nucleotide domain. This repeated structure is also evident at the amino acid level. The consensus 24-amino acid repeat unit contains two lysine and three glutamine residues. Since the clotting of SVP-1 is known to involve the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine crosslinks, it is likely that the 24 amino acid repeating unit is the unit of function of SVP-1. PMID- 3477803 TI - The heavy chain of Acanthamoeba myosin IB is a fusion of myosin-like and non myosin-like sequences. AB - Acanthamoeba castellanii myosins IA and IB demonstrate the catalytic properties of a myosin and can support analogues of contractile and motile activity in vitro, but their single, low molecular weight heavy chains, roughly globular shapes, and inabilities to self-assemble into filaments make them structurally atypical myosins. We now present the complete amino acid sequence of the 128-kDa myosin IB heavy chain, which we deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gene and which reveals that the polypeptide is a fusion of myosin-like and non-myosin like sequences. Specifically, the amino-terminal approximately 76 kDa of amino acid sequence is highly similar to the globular head sequences of conventional myosins. By contrast, the remaining approximately 51 kDa of sequence shows no similarity to any portion of conventional myosin sequences, contains regions that are rich in glycine, proline, and alanine residues, and lacks the distinctive sequence characteristics of an alpha-helical, coiled-coil structure. We conclude, therefore, that the protein is composed of a myosin globular head fused not to the typical coiled-coil rod-like myosin tail structure but rather to an unusual carboxyl-terminal domain. These results support the conclusion that filamentous myosin is not required for force generation and provide a further perspective on the structural requirements for myosin function. Finally, we find a striking conservation of intron/exon structure between this gene and a vertebrate muscle myosin gene. We discuss this observation in relation to the evolutionary origin of the myosin IB gene and the antiquity of myosin gene intron/exon structure. PMID- 3477804 TI - Human skin fibroblast stromelysin: structure, glycosylation, substrate specificity, and differential expression in normal and tumorigenic cells. AB - We have purified and determined the complete primary structure of human stromelysin, a secreted metalloprotease with a wide range of substrate specificities. Human stromelysin is synthesized in a preproenzyme form with a calculated size of 53,977 Da and a 17-amino acid long signal peptide. Prostromelysin is secreted in two forms, with apparent molecular masses on NaDodSO4/PAGE of 60 and 57 kDa. The minor 60-kDa polypeptide is a glycosylated form of the major 57-kDa protein containing N-linked complex oligosaccharides. Zymogen activation by trypsin results in the removal of 84 amino acids from the amino terminus of the enzyme generating a 45-kDa active enzyme species. Human stromelysin is capable of degrading proteoglycan, fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen but not interstitial type I collagen. The enzyme is not capable of activating purified human fibroblast procollagenase. Analysis of its primary structure shows that stromelysin is in all likelihood the human analog of rat transin, which is an oncogene transformation-induced protease. The pattern of enzyme expression in normal and tumorigenic cells revealed that human skin fibroblasts in vitro secrete stromelysin constitutively (1-2 micrograms per 10(6) cells per 24 hr). Human fetal lung fibroblasts transformed with simian virus 40, human bronchial epithelial cells transformed with the ras oncogene, fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080), and a melanoma cell strain (A 2058), do not express this protease nor can the enzyme be induced in these cells by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Our data indicate that the expression and the possible involvement of secreted metalloproteases in tumorigenesis result from a specific interaction between the transforming factor and the target cell, which may vary in different species. PMID- 3477806 TI - Molecular cloning of a human glycophorin B cDNA: nucleotide sequence and genomic relationship to glycophorin A. AB - Here we describe the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a human glycophorin B cDNA. The cDNA was identified by differential hybridization of synthetic oligonucleotide probes to a human erythroleukemic cell line (K562) cDNA library constructed in phage vector lambda gt10. The nucleotide sequence of the glycophorin B cDNA was compared with that of a previously cloned glycophorin A cDNA. The nucleotide sequences encoding the NH2-terminal leader peptide and first 26 amino acids of the two proteins are nearly identical. This homologous region is followed by areas specific to either glycophorin A or B and a number of small regions of homology, which in turn are followed by a very homologous region encoding the presumed membrane-spanning portion of the proteins. We used RNA blot hybridization with both cDNA and synthetic oligonucleotide probes to prove our previous hypothesis that glycophorin B is encoded by a single 0.5- to 0.6-kb mRNA and to show that glycophorins A and B are negatively and coordinately regulated by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We established the intron/exon structure of the glycophorin A and B genes by oligonucleotide mapping; the results suggest a complex evolution of the glycophorin genes. PMID- 3477807 TI - Biological macromolecules as gels: functional similarities. AB - Functional biological macromolecules arising from folding, cross-connection, and solvation of long-chain biopolymers forming three-dimensional networks can be compared to gels. Both involve identical internal competitive forces that are selectively influenced by external conditions and conspire to adjust conformations and modulate functions. In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels. This result represents presumptive evidence for common underlying mechanisms in functional molecules and gels. Thus, the present and highly perfectible model explains why and how, depending on initial conditions, a system may respond differently to an external parameter and similarly to different parameters. Moreover, the fact that any localized change in one of the competitive forces gives rise to a pressure in the system as a whole provides one explanation for the mechanism of the transmission of information. PMID- 3477805 TI - A cis-acting element is necessary and sufficient for translational regulation of human ferritin expression in response to iron. AB - Ferritin plays a key role in determining the intracellular fate of iron and is highly regulated by the iron status of the cell. We have identified a cis-acting element in the transcribed but nontranslated 5' leader sequence of human ferritin heavy-chain mRNA. In transiently transfected murine fibroblasts, the presence of a 157-nucleotide region of the 5' leader sequence was found to be necessary for iron-dependent regulation of ferritin biosynthesis. Further, this 5' leader region is sufficient to transfer iron-mediated translational control to the expression of a heterologous gene product, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. PMID- 3477808 TI - Basic fibroblast growth factor enters the nucleolus and stimulates the transcription of ribosomal genes in ABAE cells undergoing G0----G1 transition. AB - The cellular action of growth factors, among them basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), is mediated by their interaction with a cell surface receptor, but the mechanism of transfer of mitogenic (or other) signals to the nucleus has not been identified. In this work, we show that bFGF is translocated to and accumulated in the nucleolus. Furthermore, the nucleolar localization of bFGF is correlated with a stimulation of transcription of ribosomal genes during G0----G1 transition induced by bFGF alone in adult bovine aortic endothelial cells (ABAE cells). Stimulation of ribosomal gene transcription is preceded by a significant increase of the major nonhistone nucleolar protein, nucleolin. In vitro, the growth factor has a direct effect on the enhancement of RNA polymerase I activity in isolated nuclei from quiescent sparse (G0) ABAE cells. The direct action of bFGF on the level of ribosomal gene transcription could correspond to an additional growth signaling pathway, mediated by this growth factor. PMID- 3477809 TI - Binding of two desmin derivatives to the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope of avian erythrocytes: evidence for a conserved site-specificity in intermediate filament-membrane interactions. AB - Using solution binding assays, we found that a 45-kDa fragment of desmin, lacking 67 residues from the N terminus, could specifically associate with avian erythrocyte nuclear envelopes but not with plasma membranes from the same cells. It was also observed that a 50-kDa desmin peptide, missing 27 C-terminal residues, retained the ability to bind to both membrane preparations. Displacement experiments with an excess of purified vimentin suggested that the two desmin derivatives were interacting with a previously identified vimentin receptor at the nuclear envelope, the protein lamin B [Georgatos, S. & Blobel, G. (1987) J. Cell Biol. 105, 117-127]. Additional analysis by affinity chromatography confirmed this conclusion. Employing an overlay assay, we demonstrated that the 50-kDa fragment, but not the 45-kDa desmin peptide, was capable of interacting with the plasma membrane polypeptide ankyrin (a known vimentin attachment site), as was intact vimentin. Conversely, the nuclear envelope protein lamin B was recognized by both fragments but not by a chymotryptic peptide composed solely of the helical rod domain of desmin. These data imply that the lamin B-binding site on desmin resides within the 21 residues following its helical rod domain, whereas the ankyrin-associating region is localized within its N-terminal head domain, exactly as in the case of vimentin. PMID- 3477810 TI - Isolation and characterization of three endosomal fractions from the liver of estradiol-treated rats. AB - Three distinct endosomal fractions were isolated in high purity from livers of estradiol-treated rats. Each fraction had characteristic physical and ultrastructural properties, but the lipid composition and major proteins of their membranes were similar and differed from those derived from the Golgi apparatus. Injected radioiodinated low density lipoproteins accumulated first in the fraction of intermediate density and later in the low density fraction. The latter was composed almost exclusively of lipoprotein-filled multivesicular bodies, most of which had a single membranous appendage. The fraction of intermediate density was composed of lipoprotein-filled vesicles that were smaller than multivesicular bodies and also had membranous appendages. The high density fraction was composed of membranes resembling the appendages of the two vesicular fractions. All three fractions were enriched in receptors for low density lipoproteins and asialoglycoproteins, but receptor concentrations were considerably reduced in multivesicular bodies. The fraction of intermediate density may represent the compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand (CURL) described by Geuze et al. [Geuze, H. J., Slot, J. W., Strous, G. J. A. M., Lodish, H. F. & Schwartz, A. L. (1983) Cell 32, 277-287]. CURL vesicles may lose some of their appendage as multivesicular bodies are formed. The high density fraction then may represent a receptor-recycling compartment. PMID- 3477811 TI - T-cell-receptor beta- and I-A beta-chain genes of normal SWR mice are linked with the development of lupus nephritis in NZB x SWR crosses. AB - The incidence of nephritis in autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) mice is low, but when they are crossed with normal SWR mice, almost 100% of the female F1 hybrids (SNF1) develop lethal glomerulonephritis. To define the contribution of the normal SWR strain to the development of nephritis, we analyzed the association of the I-A beta-chain gene of Ia-encoding region, the T-cell-receptor beta (TcR beta)-chain gene, and immunoglobulin heavy-chain allotype (IgH) with the development of lupus nephritis in 165 NZB X SWR crosses. We found that genes linked to the TcR and Ir gene loci of the normal SWR mice interacted with NZB derived genes, leading to the development of accelerated and severe nephritis in the NZB X SWR crosses. PMID- 3477812 TI - Effective tumor immunotherapy directed against an oncogene-encoded product using a vaccinia virus vector. AB - We have constructed a vaccinia virus recombinant that expresses the extracellular domain of the rat neu oncogene-encoded protein, a 185-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein termed p185. Strain NFS mice immunized with this recombinant virus developed a strong antibody response against the neu oncogene product and were fully protected against subsequent tumor challenge with neu-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. No tumor immunoprotection was found when recombinant virus-immunized mice were challenged with Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. These data indicate that immunization with a single oncogene-encoded antigen can fully and specifically protect animals against tumor cells bearing this antigen. PMID- 3477814 TI - Structural and pathological effects of synthesis of hepatitis B virus large envelope polypeptide in transgenic mice. AB - Overproduction of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large envelope polypeptide by transgenic mice containing the entire HBV envelope coding region leads to the formation of extremely long (up to 800 nm), occasionally branching, filamentous 22-nm-diameter hepatitis B surface antigen particles that accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte and are not efficiently secreted. As the endoplasmic reticulum expands to accommodate the increasing cellular filament stores, the hepatocytes become enlarged, hydropic, and eosinophilic and also display the characteristic features of "ground-glass" cells. As filament storage progresses, the ground-glass cells undergo coagulative necrosis and the mice develop an age-dependent lesion, whose severity is related to the intracellular concentration of envelope polypeptide, that is characterized by focal hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, lobular macrophagic inflammation, and increased serum transaminase activity. Advanced lesions demonstrate hepatocellular hyperplasia evident as lobular architectural disarray and microscopic hepatocellular nodules, many of which no longer contain detectable HBV envelope antigens. These changes may become extreme, producing a massively enlarged liver due to multifocal nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Overproduction of the large HBV envelope polypeptide exerts major structural constraints on HBV particle formation, leading to reduced secretion and progressive intracellular accumulation of hepatitis B surface antigen, which can reach sufficiently high concentrations to be directly cytotoxic to hepatocytes in this transgenic mouse system. PMID- 3477813 TI - Increased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in malignant gliomas is invariably associated with gene amplification. AB - Primary malignant gliomas from 63 patients were analyzed to determine the relationship between amplification of the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and expression of the corresponding mRNA. Twenty-four tumors were found to have amplified the EGFR gene and amplification of other genes occurred in three additional tumors. Hybridization with synthetic RNA probes was used to quantitate mRNA levels in situ. All 24 tumors with amplification of the EGFR gene had high levels of expression of this gene, while none of the 39 tumors without amplification had increased levels. This shows that, in human gliomas, large increases in the expression of the EGFR gene are invariably associated with alterations in gene structure. PMID- 3477815 TI - Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: low density lipoproteins with abnormal receptor binding. AB - Previous in vivo turnover studies suggested that retarded clearance of low density lipoproteins (LDL) from the plasma of some hypercholesterolemic patients is due to LDL with defective receptor binding. The present study examined this postulate directly by receptor binding experiments. The LDL from a hypercholesterolemic patient (G.R.) displayed a reduced ability to bind to the LDL receptors on normal human fibroblasts. The G.R. LDL possessed 32% of normal receptor binding activity (approximately equal to 9.3 micrograms of G.R. LDL per ml were required to displace 50% of 125I-labeled normal LDL, vs. approximately equal to 3.0 micrograms of normal LDL per ml). Likewise, the G.R. LDL were much less effective than normal LDL in competing with 125I-labeled normal LDL for cellular uptake and degradation and in stimulating intracellular cholesteryl ester synthesis. The defect in LDL binding appears to be due to a genetic abnormality of apolipoprotein B-100: two brothers of the proband possess LDL defective in receptor binding, whereas a third brother and the proband's son have normally binding LDL. Further, the defect in receptor binding does not appear to be associated with an abnormal lipid composition or structure of the LDL: the chemical and physical properties of the particles were normal, and partial delipidation of the LDL did not alter receptor binding activity. Normal and abnormal LDL subpopulations were partially separated from plasma of two subjects by density-gradient ultracentrifugation, a finding consistent with the presence of a normal and a mutant allele. The affected family members appear to be heterozygous for this disorder, which has been designated familial defective apolipoprotein B-100. These studies indicate that the defective receptor binding results in inefficient clearance of LDL and the hypercholesterolemia observed in these patients. PMID- 3477817 TI - Identification of a peripheral nerve neurite growth-promoting activity by development and use of an in vitro bioassay. AB - The effective regeneration of severed neuronal axons in the peripheral nerves of adult mammals may be explained by the presence of molecules in situ that promote the effective elongation of neurites. The absence of such molecules in the central nervous system of these animals may underlie the relative inability of axons to regenerate in this tissue after injury. In an effort to identify neurite growth-promoting molecules in tissues that support effective axonal regeneration, we have developed an in vitro bioassay that is sensitive to substrate-bound factors of peripheral nerve that influence the growth of neurites. In this assay, neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion explants are placed on longitudinal cryostat sections of fresh-frozen sciatic nerve, and the regrowing axons are visualized by catecholamine histofluorescence. Axons are found to regenerate effectively over sciatic nerve tissue sections. When ganglia are similarly explanted onto cryostat sections of adult rat central nervous system tissue, however, axonal regeneration is virtually absent. We have begun to identify the molecules in peripheral nerve that promote effective axonal regeneration by examining the effect of antibodies that interfere with the activity of previously described neurite growth-promoting factors. Axonal elongation over sciatic nerve tissue was found to be sensitive to the inhibitory effects of INO (for inhibitor of neurite outgrowth), a monoclonal antibody that recognizes and inhibits a neurite growth-promoting activity from PC-12 cell-conditioned medium. The INO antigen appears to be a molecular complex of laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. In contrast, a rabbit antiserum that recognizes laminin purified from mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma, stains the Schwann cell basal lamina of peripheral nerve, and inhibits neurite growth over purified laminin substrata has no detectable effect on the rate of axonal regeneration in our assay. PMID- 3477816 TI - Humoral immune response to the entire human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein made in insect cells. AB - The human immunodeficiency virus envelope gene was expressed in insect cells by using a Baculovirus expression vector. The protein has an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa, appears on the surface of infected insect cells, and does not appear to be cleaved to glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. Goats immunized with the 160-kDa protein have high titers of antibody that neutralizes virus infection as measured by viral gene expression or cell cytolysis. In addition, immune sera can block fusion of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells in culture. Both neutralization and fusion-blocking activities are bound to and eluted from immobilized gp120. PMID- 3477818 TI - Direct neurotrophic action of glycyl-L-glutamine in the maintenance of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat. AB - Intracarotid infusion of glycyl-L-glutamine (Gly-Gln) was shown previously to oppose the fall in the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase contents of the cat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) that otherwise follows preganglionic denervation. However, its effect was demonstrable only on the vascularly remote left SCG but not on the directly infused right SCG. Accordingly, it was concluded that a metabolite of Gly-Gln, formed in the blood, is an active neurotrophic factor. Glycyl-L-glutamic acid and L-glutamic acid were subsequently found to have a similar but less marked effect on both SCG. In the present study an alternative explanation has been tested: that Gly-Gln must combine slowly with some component of plasma to enable it to penetrate the ganglion cells and exert its neurotrophic effect. Findings are consistent with the latter proposal. PMID- 3477819 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis prolongs Ca2+-mediated reduction of K+ currents in molluscan neurons. AB - Elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration within the Hermissenda type B cell has previously been shown to cause transient reduction of both the early K+ current IA and the delayed, Ca2+-dependent K+ current ICa2+-K+, a reduction that is more permanent with classical conditioning. Other earlier experiments suggested that Ca2+-mediated reduction of K+ currents initially involves the dual activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent and Ca2+/lipid-dependent protein kinases. In the present study, voltage-clamp conditions that cause substantial increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration (i.e., a Ca2+ "load") were used to produce IA and ICa2+-K+ reduction with and without the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin or cycloheximide or the control substance deacetylanisomycin in the bathing medium. Anisomycin (100 microM) and cycloheximide (100 microM) caused no significant change of resting membrane potential, holding current, or the non voltage-dependent "leak" current. However, inhibition of protein synthesis prevented recovery from Ca2+-mediated K+-current reduction. This effect resembled the effect of injecting purified Ca2+-dependent kinases and was blocked by the presence of trifluoperazine in the bathing medium. Activation of protein kinase C with a water-soluble phorbol ester caused marked reduction of protein synthesis in Hermissenda neurons as monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Synthesis of new proteins therefore may be important for reversal of initial steps during memory storage, and Ca2+-activated phosphorylation pathways may initiate long-term changes by turning off (as well as by turning on) the synthesis of particular proteins. PMID- 3477821 TI - Retinal transplants can drive a pupillary reflex in host rat brains. AB - Retinae taken from embryonic rats were transplanted over the midbrain of neonatal rats, from whom one eye had been removed. After 5 months, the optic nerve of the remaining eye was cut, and the transplant was exposed. Illumination of the transplant caused pupilloconstriction of the host eye, a response abolished by damaging the transplant. Thus neural transplants are capable of driving specific reflexes in response to natural stimuli. PMID- 3477822 TI - Effect of adrenergic agonists on eicosanoid output from isolated rabbit choroid plexus and iris-ciliary body. AB - Prostanoid production by rabbit choroid plexus (CP) and iris-ciliary body (ICB), and the effects of adrenergic agonists thereon, were studied in vitro. Immunoreactive prostaglandin (PG) E2 was the major prostanoid released by both tissues; the output from ICB was some two orders of magnitude greater than from CP. Immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha and thromboxane (TX) B2, the dehydration products of prostacyclin and TXA2, respectively, were detected in smaller quantities. Epinephrine stimulated the outputs of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, but not of TXB2, from both tissues. ICB responded to epinephrine concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5), while only 10(-4) was effective in stimulating prostanoid synthesis in the CP. Phenylephrine, an adrenergic agonist, stimulated prostanoid output from the ICB, but not from the CP. It is concluded that adrenergic mechanisms stimulate the biosynthesis of prostanoids in the rabbit CP and ICB. The implications of such interactions to aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, or to other processes in brain and ocular physiology, are discussed. PMID- 3477820 TI - Synthetic peptide homologous to beta protein from Alzheimer disease forms amyloid like fibrils in vitro. AB - Progressive amyloid deposition in senile plaques and cortical blood vessels may play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We have used x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy to study the molecular organization and morphology of macromolecular assemblies formed by three synthetic peptides homologous to beta protein of brain amyloid: beta-(1-28), residues 1-28 of the beta protein; [Ala16]beta-(1-28), beta-(1-28) with alanine substituted for lysine at position 16; and beta-(18-28), residues 18-28 of the beta protein. beta-(1-28) readily formed fibrils in vitro that were similar in ultrastructure to the in vivo amyloid and aggregated into large bundles resembling those of senile plaque cores. X-ray patterns from partially dried, oriented pellets showed a cross-beta conformation. A series of small-angle, equatorial maxima were consistent with a tubular fibril having a mean diameter of 86 A and a wall composed of pairs of cross-beta-pleated sheets. The data may also be consistent with pairs of cross beta-sheets that are centered 71-A apart. [Ala16]beta-(1-28) formed beta-pleated sheet assemblies that were dissimilar to in vivo fibrils. The width of the 10-A spacing indicated stacks of about six sheets. Thus, substitution of the uncharged alanine for the positively charged lysine in the beta-strand region enhances the packing of the sheets and dramatically alters the type of macromolecular aggregate formed. beta-(18-28) formed assemblies that had even a greater number of stacked sheets, approximately equal to 24 per diffracting domain as indicated by the sharp intersheet reflection. Our findings on these homologous synthetic assemblies help to define the specific sequence that is required to form Alzheimer-type amyloid fibrils, thus providing an in vitro model of age-related cerebral amyloidogenesis. PMID- 3477823 TI - Amniotic fluid prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2, measured at artificial rupture of the membranes, predict the subsequent progress of labour. AB - Prostaglandin F2 alpha and E2 concentrations in the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes of 35 patients was analysed, in order to investigate differences in prostaglandin synthesis in parous and nulliparous women, and to find whether women who subsequently required oxytocin to accelerate labour, showed any difference in intrauterine prostaglandin concentrations. Significantly less PGF2 alpha was detected in the amniotic fluid of women who required oxytocin, and fetal membrane PGE2 was significantly lower in these women at delivery. Differences in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in parous and nulliparous women were less marked. Amniotic fluid levels of PGF2 alpha at Artificial Rupture of the Membranes (ARM), and the ratio of PGF2 alpha/PGE2 at ARM, were prognostic for the subsequent progression of labour. PMID- 3477824 TI - A low protein-high linoleate diet increases glomerular PGE2 and protects renal function in rats with reduced renal mass. AB - Renal function deteriorates progressively in partially nephrectomized rats. This deterioration of renal function may be ameliorated by a diet either low in protein or high in linoleic acid. In the present experiment, partially nephrectomized rats were pair fed diets low in protein, high in linoleic acid or both low in protein and high in linoleic acid. Survival of renal function was most prolonged in rats fed a diet with both a low protein and high linoleic acid content; glomeruli from these animals demonstrated increased glomerular PGE2 production. This additive effect may be mediated by increased production of the vasodilatory PGE2 by glomeruli. PMID- 3477826 TI - Tumor-induced diet aversions persist after successful excision of an anorexigenic tumor. AB - LTW(m) Leydig cell tumors were removed from Wistar Furth rats after the animals had developed anorexia and strong aversions to a novel diet consumed during tumor growth. Previous studies had reported recovery from anorexia within 24-48 hr of tumor excision but had not measured diet preference to find out if food aversions persisted beyond recovery. In the present study, which allowed the rats to choose freely between the aversive diet and a nonaversive diet for several weeks, aversions persisted from four to 25+ days. No signs of anorexia were evident during this testing phase, which followed 10 days of post-operative recuperation in which the rats were restricted to a diet of familiar laboratory chew. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that certain anorexigenic tumors, such as the LTW(m), can substantially affect food selection long after their direct effects on appetite have dissipated. PMID- 3477825 TI - Is there a prostaglandin involvement in the positive inotropic action of histamine in isolated pregnant rat uterus, apparently mediated via H1-receptors activation? AB - Cumulative dose-response curves for histamine induced responses in mesometrial (ME) and antimesometrial (AME) regions of uterine horns isolated from rats at 7th, 16th and 22nd days of pregnancy, were constructed. Histamine inhibited, in dose-related fashion, the isometric developed tension in ME and AME strips obtained at the 7th day of pregnancy, an action antagonized by cimetidine (10(-4) 10(-5) M). On the contrary, at the 16th and 22nd days, histamine (10(-5)-10(-3) M), stimulated spontaneous contractions in the ME region but had no effect in the AME segment. Although histamine and SKF-71481-A2,aH1-receptor agonist, both at 10(-4) M, enhanced similarly ME inotropism at the 16th and at 22nd days of pregnancy, the positive contractile action of histamine was greater at the 16th than at the 22nd day. Moreover, cumulative dose-response curves for histamine and SKF-71481-A2 in the ME region of uteri isolated at the 16th day of gestation, showed that both agonists have approximately the same inotropic potency and efficacy. On the other hand, pyrilamine (at 10(-4) M, but not at 10(-5) M aH1 receptor antagonist, shifted to the right the dose-response curve for histamine in ME strips from uteri at the 16th day of pregnancy and attenuated significantly, the magnitude of the positive inotropism evoked by the amine. Similar findings were observed in the presence of chlorpheniramine (at 10(-6) M), another H1-receptor blocker. In addition, the positive uterine inotropism evoked by histamine in the ME region of preparations isolated at the 16th day of pregnancy, was significantly reduced by an antagonist of phospholipase A2 (mepacrine, 10(-4) M) as well as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA at 10(-4) M), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Results also indicate that the excitatory uterine inotropism elicited by the agonistic amine in ME strips isolated from rats at the 16th day of pregnancy, was coincident with an enhanced release of prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2 alpha, but not of PGE1 and that both augmenting actions of histamine were antagonized by histamine H1 receptor-blockers, namely pyrilamine (mepyramine or chlorpheniramine. Results suggest that histamine at early pregnancy diminished myometrial inotropism via its interaction with H2-receptors, whereas from mid pregnancy up to the moment of parturition it evokes contractile stimulation, most likely due to the activation of H1-receptor located at the mesometrial region of rat uterine horns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3477827 TI - [Intrathecal methotrexate--overdosing in pediatric lymphoblastic leukemia]. AB - Intrathecal methotrexate-overdosage in the meningosis therapy leads to CNS damages dependent on dose. It was given a own case report and a literature review with clinical symptoms and the therapy in this complication. Neuropathologic findings included demyelinisation und necrosis of the white matter. PMID- 3477830 TI - [Mucosal biopsy material from the denture base area in cases of palatal inflammatory papillary hyperplasia]. PMID- 3477828 TI - Evidence for covalent binding between phosphopeptides and terminal deoxynucleotides in highly purified calf thymus DNA. AB - Highly purified DNA from calf thymus nuclei (N-DNA) was found to cleave after reaction with a chelating agent and subsequent dialysis. During the cleavage phosphopeptides (PPs) were released into the dialysates. At the end of the cleavage, approximately one half of the PP material remained with the DNA. Since it was so strongly bound, it was considered to be retained in the DNA structure by covalent bonding. In order to confirm this, a commercial DNA (S-DNA) was ultrasonicated and digested with pancreatic DNAase, exonuclease III, and S1 nuclease. DEAE Sephacel chromatography of the digested material yielded 5 fractions. The fraction 2, having the highest proportion of proteinaceous material, was digested with Pronase. Amino acid analysis of the hydrolysis mixture yielded phosphoserine (Pser), asp, thr, ser, glu, gly, ala, val, ile, leu, and arg. The mixture was chromatographed again on DEAE Sephacel. From this a single fraction, number 5, was found to contain both deoxynucleotides and the amino acids, Pser, asp, ser, glu, and gly in a molar ratio of greater than 7:3:2:2:5. The mixture obtained by hydrolysis of this fraction with snake venom diesterase was again chromatographed on DEAE Sephacel. This fractionation gave two main peaks, one corresponding to the same 5 amino acids and the other to deoxynucleotide material. From this it was concluded that the fraction used for diesterase digestion consisted of deoxynucleotide-amino acids, with covalent diester bonds between the deoxynucleotide and amino acid portions. PMID- 3477829 TI - The modification of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and tumor radiosensitivity by antilipidemic drugs. AB - It has been recognized for some time that alterations in the affinity of Hb for oxygen could offer a means of improving oxygen delivery to tumors and achieving radiosensitization. Three antilipidemic drugs, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and gemfibrozil, two of which had previously been shown to reduce Hb/O2 affinity in vitro, were tested in mice for their ability to affect Hb/O2 affinity and to alter the radiosensitivity of the RIF-1 sarcoma. Each of the drugs produced a significant increase in the P50 of the blood, from a mean control value of 45 mm Hg to 55, 74, and 51 mm Hg after a dose of 1 g/kg of clofibrate, bezafibrate, and gemfibrozil, respectively. However, they had very different effects on the radiosensitivity of the RIF-1 tumor. When the mice breathed air at the time of irradiation, clofibrate produced a marked sensitization equivalent at the optimum time to a 20-fold reduction in hypoxic fraction; bezafibrate gave a lower sensitization equivalent to a 4-fold reduction, while gemfibrozil caused dramatic radioresistance equivalent to a 10-fold increase in hypoxic fraction. When the mice were given 95% O2/5% CO2 to breathe at the time of irradiation to ensure complete Hb saturation in the lungs, a large increase in the sensitization by bezafibrate was seen, but there was only a small change with clofibrate. We conclude that drugs which reduce Hb/O2 affinity could have a role in sensitizing tumors to radiation. PMID- 3477831 TI - [Anterior shifting of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint. I. Etiology, diagnosis and treatment principles]. PMID- 3477832 TI - [A case report of a cranial base tumor diagnosed and treated as trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3477833 TI - [A new method of extraoral graphic recording of free mandibular movements]. PMID- 3477834 TI - [Thermographic study of the faces of patients with inflammatory-degenerative changes in temporomandibular joints]. PMID- 3477835 TI - [Zonography of temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3477837 TI - [The appearance of prosthetic oral lesions of the chronic inflammatory type (catarrhal denture stomatitis) in histological and microscopic studies]. PMID- 3477836 TI - [Comparative study of chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloys]. PMID- 3477838 TI - [The surface of Evicrol reinforced with glass fibers as seen under the microscope]. PMID- 3477839 TI - [Automatic processing of radiographic films and evaluation of X-ray films Phil-X 30 and the Pusher system]. PMID- 3477840 TI - [Comparative study of the physical properties--endurance and plasticity--of the Micromed 1-04 alloy in relation to alloys Magnum H-75, Wisil and Remanium]. PMID- 3477841 TI - [A comparison of the principles of registration and determination of work efficiency of dental technicians in Poland and the GDR]. PMID- 3477842 TI - [The role of the pathologist in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma]. AB - The pathologist today has an important role in the treatment of osteosarcoma. He contributes during the operation by advising about the extent of the tumour and after the operation by studying the operative specimen to assess the extent of the tumour, and, when primary chemotherapy has been used, to estimate the effectiveness of the treatment by counting the percentage of viable tumour cells so that the type of chemotherapy used subsequently can be adapted to the situation. Only trained teams can make the best use of these studies. PMID- 3477844 TI - [Functional analysis of a new respirator. The Temel Ergotronic-3]. PMID- 3477843 TI - [Spinal cord transection with absolute alcohol in the treatment of tumor pain]. PMID- 3477845 TI - [Multicenter study of a new apparatus for anesthesia, the Ergotronic-3]. PMID- 3477846 TI - [Paralysis of the upper limbs and respiratory insufficiency after spinal cord transection with alcohol]. PMID- 3477847 TI - [Machado-Joseph disease in a family of Spanish origin]. AB - The clinical observations in five patients, of a family of catalan origin (NE of Spain), affected with Machado-Joseph disease are reported. The pedigree showed the presence of 22 members affected (15 men, 7 women) over six generations. The symptoms and signs were variable among the patients and also variable in a same patient during the course of the disease. However, the main neurological alterations were ataxia, akinesia, distal amyotrophy, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, facial and lingual fasciculations and bulging eyes. The neuropathological examination performed in one patient disclosed degeneration of the posterior and spinocerebellar tracts in the spinal cord, marked nerve cell loss in Clarke's column and anterior horns and axonal degeneration of the peripheral nerves, in addition to nerve cell loss in the nuclei of the III, IV and VII cranial nerves and neuronal depletion in the substantia nigra. No other structures, including the striate complex and dentate nucleus, were significantly affected. PMID- 3477849 TI - [Mechanical ventilators. 2. Volumetric units]. PMID- 3477850 TI - Plasma fibronectin in idiopathic myelofibrosis and related chronic myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Plasma fibronectin concentrations were measured in 49 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders and compared to sex- and age-matched controls. A significantly lower plasma fibronectin concentration was observed in patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis as compared with the control group (p less than 0.01). In addition, plasma fibronectin concentrations in myelofibrosis patients differed significantly, when compared with patients with polycythaemia vera (p less than 0.01), whereas no significant difference was found between myelofibrosis patients and those with a transitional myeloproliferative disorder or chronic myelogenous leukaemia (p greater than 0.05). An inverse relationship was demonstrated between plasma fibronectin and spleen size, the lowest plasma fibronectin levels being found in patients with large spleens. It is supposed that low plasma fibronectin concentrations in splenomegalic patients may be due to enhanced consumption of the opsonin in the expanded splenic mononuclear macrophage system. PMID- 3477848 TI - Certificate of need: a state perspective. PMID- 3477851 TI - Platelet survival, platelet factor-4 and bleeding time in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - In 27 patients with myeloproliferative disorders observations on thrombohaemorrhagic complications, platelet function tests and spleen size were made. Sixteen patients had thrombotic or haemorrhagic episodes. All 27 patients had elevated platelet factor-4 and 25 patients had a shortened platelet survival. Patients with myelofibrosis had a significantly shorter platelet survival than patients with polycythaemia vera (p less than 0.05). Seven out of 23 patients investigated had prolonged bleeding time. The observed abnormalities of platelet function tests were not related to thrombohaemorrhagic complications or spleen size. PMID- 3477852 TI - Microbiology of the early colonization of human enamel and root surfaces in vivo. AB - This study describes the predominant early microflora on human teeth on the basis of microbiologic identification of 1742 fresh isolates. The isolates were obtained from four dental students who carried test pieces of enamel and root surface in the oral cavity for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. During the experimental periods oral hygiene was discontinued. Under equal conditions root surfaces were more heavily colonized than were enamel surfaces. However, the composition of the microbiota was the same. Within the first 24 h the microflora was dominated by streptococci and Gram-positive pleomorphic rods. S. sanguis contributed only 6 18% of the early colonizers whereas S. mitis and S. oralis varied between 24-42% and 1-27% (mean values), respectively. The relative proportion of S. oralis increased significantly within the observation period while the proportion of S. salivarius and arginine-positive S. mitis showed a declining tendency. Actinomyces species adsorbed to the tooth surfaces within the first 4 h but did not increase their relative proportions until after 8-12 h, possibly due to a long doubling time. In one individual, encapsulated bacteria resembling Stomatococcus mucilaginosus were observed among the early colonizers. The time dependent shifts in the bacterial populations within 24 h corroborate parallel ultrastructural findings. PMID- 3477853 TI - Screening of caries in children through salivary lactobacilli and yeasts. AB - The caries predictive value of salivary counts of lactobacilli and yeasts was evaluated in 298 children (from 6 to 11 yr of age) concurrently to a 3-yr xylitol field study in Hungary. On a group level the salivary yeasts and the combined information of lactobacilli and yeasts predicted the 3-yr caries increment acceptably. On an individual basis salivary yeasts had more power than salivary lactobacilli. At best the sensitivity and specificity of yeasts were 74% and 75%, and the combined information of lactobacilli and yeasts, 69% and 83%, respectively. Although the results were not that good in all subgroups of the study, they indicate the value of salivary yeasts in caries prediction either as a sole test or together with salivary lactobacilli. PMID- 3477855 TI - Alpha-D-mannosidase activity in human saliva and rate of production of enzymes by parotid and submandibular glands. AB - The aim of the investigation was to study alpha-D-mannosidase activity in samples of whole, parotid and submandibular saliva and the rate of production of alpha-D mannosidases by parotid and submandibular glands. alpha-D-mannosidase activity was determined spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorimetrically. alpha-D mannosidase activity was found at three different pH optima in whole saliva, around pH 4.8, 6.1 and 6.9. In parotid and submandibular saliva there were two different pH optima, around pH 4.8 and 6.1. The rate of production of alpha-D mannosidase by parotid glands varied between 0.48 and 13.66 U/min and by submandibular glands between 0.25 and 2.52 U/min. The present study shows that two of the three alpha-D-mannosidases found in whole human saliva are produced by parotid and submandibular glands. PMID- 3477856 TI - Experimentally induced resorption cavities in rat molars. AB - The incidence and ultrastructure of resorption cavities were studied in albino rat molars. The transseptal fiber system between the 1st and 2nd maxillary molars in 30 albino rats aged 50 days was transected by buccopalatal incision. Fifty approximal surfaces represented the experimental material. Unaffected interproximal areas and approximal surfaces of adjacent teeth as well as of 10 teeth from five healthy, unoperated rats served as controls. The rats scheduled for operation were assigned to experimental groups each comprising three or four animals. Following injury, the incisional wounds were allowed to heal for 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 21 days. The animals were sacrificed by an overdose of pentothal sodium and specimens prepared for light and electron microscopy. Normal, healthy teeth showed no resorption cavities on tooth surfaces facing the interproximal area, in contrast to the observation that minor resorption cavities with cemental repair were regularly present on root surfaces facing periodontal ligament. Following surgical injury, extensive resorption cavities in dentin and cementum developed on experimental surfaces adjacent to the area of wound healing. Arrest of active resorption in some of the experimentally induced cavities had occurred in 14-day specimens. Repair of resorption cavities appeared to start by attachment of connective tissue fibers to exposed dentinal and cemental collagen. The ultrastructural observations indicate that initial fibril attachment to exposed collagen is mediated by a granular, coating material resembling minute deposits of afibrillar cementum. PMID- 3477854 TI - Effect of xylitol-containing carbohydrate mixtures on acid and ammonia production in suspensions of salivary sediment. AB - pH changes and the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and ammonia were studied in suspensions of salivary sediment supplemented with mixtures of xylitol and other carbohydrate sweeteners. The only mixtures which increased the pH values of the suspensions were those containing xylitol alone or mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol. Mixtures of xylitol and Lycasin 80/55 caused a relatively small pH reduction. Xylitol was not able to inhibit the acid production from the easily fermented glucose, fructose and Lycasin 05/60. The levels of lactic acid, determined in the incubation mixtures, directly reflected these pH changes. The levels of acetic acid and ammonia were, however, relatively similar in all incubation mixtures. The results suggest that the inhibitory effects of xylitol on acid production of oral flora should be retained, provided that xylitol is used either alone or in mixtures with slowly fermentable carbohydrates, such as sorbitol and Lycasin 80/55. PMID- 3477857 TI - Electrochemical properties of corroded amalgams. AB - Three types of amalgam, one conventional, ANA 68, and two with high copper content, Dispersalloy (dispersed type) and ANA 2000 (single composition type), were investigated. The amalgams were immersed for periods of 7 wk at a time, up to 35 wk, in 23 ml (37 degrees C) of 0.9% NaCl aqueous solutions and in 0.9% NaCl solution buffered with NaH2PO4 (8.8 mM) and Na2HPO4 (1.2 mM). The amalgam specimens were embedded in epoxy resin. The surface area of amalgam exposed to the solutions was 0.2 cm2 for each specimen. Every 7 wk the corrosion potential was measured, the amalgam specimens lightly brushed with a soft toothbrush, and the solutions renewed. After 14-21 wk and 35 wk the currents during anodic polarization sweeps over the amalgams were recorded. The corrosion potential for the high-Cu amalgams was somewhat more positive (noble) in the phosphate buffered solution than in the non-buffered solution during the 35 wk of corrosion. The phosphate buffer reduced the reactivity of the amalgams during anodic polarization. Corrosion made the amalgams more passive during the anodic polarization. However, all the elements leached from the amalgams into the solutions throughout the entire experiment. PMID- 3477858 TI - [Bacteremia after intraligamental anesthesia]. PMID- 3477859 TI - [A practical method for producing reproducible dental x-rays with the right-angle technic]. PMID- 3477860 TI - [Increase in caries in 15- to 18-year-old youths with an initially low or high incidence of caries]. PMID- 3477861 TI - [Meeting of the Advisory Council of Dentists: reports]. PMID- 3477862 TI - [Indications for the registration of articular relations]. PMID- 3477863 TI - [The dentist and liability]. PMID- 3477864 TI - [Contract of the dentist]. PMID- 3477865 TI - [The polishing of ceramic surfaces]. PMID- 3477866 TI - [Orthodontics]. PMID- 3477867 TI - Europe splits over gene regulation. PMID- 3477868 TI - Case report 436: Osteosarcoma of the soft tissues of the distal end of the thigh. PMID- 3477869 TI - Old age: a sign of poor prognosis in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Fifty-four patients aged 60 years or older with a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia were referred to University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital between 1965 and 1982. Patients in this age group had a significantly shorter median survival than that of the 249 patients younger than 60 seen during the same period (26 vs 42 months; P = .01). Old age was associated with a higher incidence of poor performance status, hepatomegaly, and anemia. Fourteen other patient characteristics were correlated with poor prognosis, including black race, weight loss, symptoms, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis, increased peripheral blast cells and promyelocytes or basophils, increased blasts or basophils in the bone marrow, decreased megakaryocytes, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. A multivariate analysis that accounted for the interactions of these factors identified old age as being of primary adverse prognostic significance in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, suggesting a biologic difference in the disease in older patients. The poor prognosis in elderly patients receiving present available therapy justifies promising and well tolerated investigational approaches such as interferons in patients in this age group. PMID- 3477870 TI - Successful medical management of neutropenic enterocolitis in adults with acute leukemia. AB - Seven adults with acute leukemia had a clinical and radiologic diagnosis of neutropenic enterocolitis. Six of the seven patients had granulocyte counts less than 500/microliter. All seven patients responded to intensive medical therapy, including bowel rest, broad spectrum antibiotics, and white blood cell transfusions, and recovered from the neutropenic enterocolitis without surgical intervention. We discuss the clinical spectrum of neutropenic enterocolitis and the favorable results of medical therapy. PMID- 3477871 TI - Visual side effects of isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 3477872 TI - In-vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated in Malaysia to some new cephalosporins and a quinolone. AB - The current drugs recommended for treatment of melioidosis are tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately these drugs are not the drug of choice in an acutely ill patient with septicaemia prior to the availability of laboratory results. With the discovery of the new cephalosporins which have a broad spectrum of activity clinicians are using them either alone or in combination with other antibiotics in such critical situations. Hence, an in vitro study was carried out on the susceptibility of 41 strains of P. pseudomallei isolated in Malaysia, to these new cephalosporins and a new quinolone. The results showed that all the cephalosporins tested had some activity on the strains tested, with ceftazidime being the most active drug. Pefloxacin had very poor activity. However, further clinical studies are required to determine the duration, dosage and in-vivo activity of the antibiotics. PMID- 3477875 TI - Testing, testing. PMID- 3477873 TI - Polyadenylation of Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase genomic genes and minigenes after gene transfer. AB - The major alternative polyadenylation sites in the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene have been identified by DNA sequencing and RNase protection experiments. Comparison of the 3' gene sequence and polyadenylation sites with those of the mouse reveals that, despite an overall sequence homology, the major sites are different in the two species. A series of minigenes was constructed containing the dhfr promoter and the first intron but lacking the four large introns of the genomic sequence. These minigenes contained either all three polyadenylation sites, no polyadenylation sites, or just the first site. All of these minigenes, as well as a cosmid clone containing the full genomic sequence, could transform DHFR-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants to a DHFR positive phenotype with approximately equal efficiencies. A minigene lacking the first intron was markedly less efficient. Analysis of dhfr mRNA from transfectant clones derived from minigenes showed that the dhfr polyadenylation sites were used when included, but novel sites were often used in addition. When endogenous polyadenylation sites were absent, new sites in flanking carrier or host DNA were recruited. Transfectants produced by the full genomic dhfr gene yielded mRNA species that were identical in size and relative abundance to the endogenous dhfr gene. The results indicate that the minimal signals for polyadenylation are not complex and can be easily acquired from foreign sequences. PMID- 3477874 TI - Identification of nucleotide-excision-repair genes on human chromosomes 2 and 13 by functional complementation in hamster-human hybrids. AB - The CHO UV-sensitive mutants UV24 and UV135 (complementation groups 3 and 5, respectively) are defective in nucleotide excision repair. After fusing each mutant with human lymphocytes, resistant hybrid clones showing genetic complementation were isolated by repeated exposure to UV radiation. Using a combination of isozyme markers, DNA probes, and cytogenetic methods to analyze the primary hybrids and their subclones, correction of the repair defect was shown to be correlated with the presence of a specific human chromosome in each case. Chromosome 2 corrected UV24, and the gene responsible was designated ERCC3. Line UV135 was corrected by human chromosome 13 and the gene designated ERCC5. The UV-sensitive mouse cell line, Q31, was shown not to complement UV135 and thus appears to be mutated in the same genetic locus (homologous to ERCC5) as UV135. Breakage of complementing chromosomes with retention of the genes correcting repair defects allowed the following provisional assignments: regional localization of ERCC5 to 13q14-q34, exclusion of ERCC3 from the region of chromosome 2 distal to p23, and relief of the ambiguity of ACP1 assignment (2p23 or 2p25) to 2p23 proximal to MDH1. PMID- 3477876 TI - [Prophylaxis against central nervous system recurrences with and without cranial irradiation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Prospective study]. PMID- 3477877 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the adult. Results of aggressive versus conventional chemotherapy]. PMID- 3477878 TI - [Polyarthritis, cutaneous vasculitis and migrant thrombophlebitis of possible immune origin associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3477880 TI - Characterization of human aortic elastase found in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Recent evidence indicates that the homeostatic balance between elastase and antiprotease activity is altered in the infrarenal aorta of those patients with different types of aortic pathologic findings. The specific properties of elastase found in the aorta of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are discussed herein. Activity of elastase extracted from ten pooled AAA specimens was observed when incubated with several inhibitors: 13.2 per cent for phenyl suphonyl flouride (PSF); 43.3 per cent for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); 77.7 per cent for pepstatin; 137.0 per cent for leupeptin, and 24.0 per cent for alpha-1-antitrypsin. Irreversible inhibition by PSF indicates that the elastase is a serine protease. The elastase is most likely not a metallo enzyme, since it had no absolute requirement for divalent cations as indicated by only partial inhibition by EDTA. Elastase activity is most likely not due to cathepsins B or D, since cathepsins are active in an acid pH and selectively inhibited by leupeptin and pepstatin. The pH curve revealed a maximum activity at pH 8.2 and elastase activity was significantly inhibited by alpha-1-antitrypsin in a dose response manner determining functional elastase activity. These data indicate that the elastase in the aorta of patients with an AAA has the exact properties of the serine elastase found in the smooth muscle cells of the aorta in rats. These results also confirm the critical role of alpha-1-antitrypsin in determining functional elastase activity. Smooth muscle cell regulation of elastin metabolism may be important in determining why some patients have AAA and others have occlusive aortic disease develop. PMID- 3477879 TI - [Coombs-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3477881 TI - [There is money at stake in gene technology]. PMID- 3477882 TI - Isolation of human platelets for phenolsulfotransferase activity determination: the method of choice. PMID- 3477883 TI - Effect of latamoxef (moxalactam) and its related compounds on platelet aggregation in vitro--structure activity relationships. AB - Latamoxef, 1-S replaced and/or decarboxylated derivatives of latamoxef, compounds possessing a partial structure of latamoxef, and a beta-lactam ring-opened derivative of latamoxef were examined for their effects on human platelet aggregation in vitro. Latamoxef produced a dose-dependent inhibition of ADP induced platelet aggregation at high concentrations over about 2000 micrograms/ml (or 4 mM), and the potency was similar to that produced by cefotaxime, carbenicillin or ceftizoxime. Replacement of the oxygen atom in the oxacephem ring with a sulfur atom caused no significant change in the potency. The decarboxylated derivatives of latamoxef and the 1-S replaced analogue of latamoxef showed stronger inhibition for both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation than the parent compounds. The effects of the compounds possessing a partial structure of latamoxef were weaker than that of latamoxef, but the effect of the beta-lactam ring-opened compound was about 3-fold stronger than that of latamoxef. These data suggest that neither the oxygen atom in the oxacephem ring nor the carboxyl group in the amide side chain is responsible for the inhibitory effect of latamoxef on platelet aggregation. PMID- 3477884 TI - On-line recording of vascular resistance in isolated canine renal artery by use of a differential pressure transducer. AB - For the assessment of the validity of the perfusion system of vascular segments, both isolated canine renal artery in cylindrical form and artificial tubing were perfused intra- and extraluminally, and vascular resistance was continuously recorded by use of a differential pressure transducer. The model experiments using artificial tubing showed that the vascular resistance, inversely related to outflow and differential pressure, enormously increased when the lumen was occluded more than 85% of the control. Various agonistic stimuli such as norepinephrine, phenylephrine, methoxamine, prostaglandin F2 alpha and 5 hydroxytryptamine, when administered intraluminally, increased the vascular resistance, while verapamil and papaverine decreased it. Transmural electrical stimulation also increased the resistance which was susceptible to tetrodotoxin. The removal of endothelium by infusion of saponin augmented the contractile responses to agonistic stimuli such as norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The results indicate that the present perfusion method seems to be a good alternative for studying contractile activity and endothelium function of isolated vascular tissues. PMID- 3477886 TI - A survey of dental radiological protection in general practice in the Republic of South Africa--Part III: Recommendations for the improvement of radiological protection standards. PMID- 3477885 TI - Long-term effects of aldosterone on kallikrein, prostaglandin E2 and sodium in rats. AB - To assess the long-term effects of mineralocorticoids on the regulation of the synthesis or release of kallikrein and prostaglandin E2 in the renal kallikrein kinin-prostaglandin E system, we studied the effects of chronic infusion of aldosterone (50 micrograms/kg/day) on urinary excretion of total and active kallikrein, and prostaglandin E2 for 10 days in conscious rats on regular intakes of sodium and on sodium loading with 1% NaCl as a drinking water. Chronic infusion of aldosterone induced a prompt and transient decrease in the ratio of sodium to potassium and a sustained increase in urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion in rats on regular diets, whereas urinary total and active kallikrein excretion did not increase significantly until the 4th day of aldosterone infusion. In rats loaded with sodium, aldosterone did not induce any changes in urinary total and active kallikrein excretion, whereas it induced similar changes in the ratio of sodium to potassium and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion to those in rats on regular diets. Thus, the present results suggest that aldosterone might stimulate the synthesis or release of renal prostaglandin E2 independent of sodium balance. Furthermore, it is also suggested that aldosterone might stimulate the synthesis or release of kallikrein, at least partly, via the same pathway as sodium loading does. PMID- 3477887 TI - Kirschner-pin-compression for facial fractures. PMID- 3477888 TI - The occlusal status of a non-westernized rural community in the Tshikundamalema area of Venda. PMID- 3477890 TI - Case report of unusual supernumerary teeth. PMID- 3477889 TI - [Dental manpower: the availability of dentists in South Africa]. PMID- 3477891 TI - Treacher Collins prize essay. Lasers in ophthalmic diagnosis. PMID- 3477892 TI - Factors affecting intraocular lens power calculation. AB - Intraocular lens power calculation is increasing in use in the United Kingdom. Primarily to avoid anisometropia, intraocular lens power calculation may also be used to provide the patient with three rather than two working distances, but to achieve this greater accuracy of IOL power calculation is required. Using the SRK regression formula, three groups of patients have been studied. The effect of inaccurate use of the formula of choice is shown and the need to modify the 'A' constant to account for variation both in technique and biometry equipment emphasised. The variation in results due to inaccurate biometry are statistically assessed. Accuracy of IOL power calculation requires consistency but not absolute accuracy in biometry. No ocular factors were found to affect the accuracy of IOL power calculation. PMID- 3477893 TI - Penetration of ciprofloxacin into aqueous humor. AB - Ciprofloxacin is a potentially useful antibiotic in eye infection. A pilot study was performed on 25 patients undergoing routine cataract surgery to assess the penetration of the drug into aqueous humor after oral administration. The mean peak level of 0.56 mg/l achieved in aqueous is above the MIC for most gram negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3477894 TI - A one-piece drainage system for glaucoma surgery. AB - A one-piece system for aqueous humour drainage consists of a tube, with a pressure gradient limiting valve, physically continuous with and not able to be divided by scar tissue from a large surface area silicone object. Results in the first 19 consecutive eyes operated on at Moorfields Eye Hospital using this device show average intraocular pressures below 18 mmHg at one, 2, 3, 6 and 9 months post-operation. Further study of this device seems appropriate. PMID- 3477895 TI - The effects of timolol on the active transport across the ciliary epithelium. AB - The mean transepithelial potential was +4.04 mV (cameral side positive to stroma). The results (Fig. 1) show that the short-circuit current was significantly reduced by timolol at 10(-4) and 10(-2) M (p less than 0.01). Since the short-circuit current across the isolated ciliary epithelium is a measure of active sodium transport in the direction stroma----posterior chamber there is an appreciable fall in Na +/- transport across the ciliary epithelium at a timolol concentration of 10(-4) M. On current values of aqueous humour secretion there would be a corresponding fall in aqueous production. For comparison it is worth recalling that the concentration of timolol in 0.5 per cent eye drops is slightly over 10(-2) M. Exposure of the tissue to timolol, a beta blocker does not seem to affect the subsequent response of the system to isoprenaline, a beta stimulant. A significant stimulation of short circuit current in the dose-range of 10(-4) to 10(-3) M with isoprenaline in a similar preparation was reported by Cole and Nagasubramanian and increase of short-circuit current and/or sodium transport in amphibian epithelia have been reported for catecholamines, and this effect may possibly be due to a decrease of the resistance to ions actively transported by the 'sodium pump' mechanism brought about via cyclic-AMP mediating the action at a cellular level. It appears that timolol has a direct effect on the active transport per se and by reducing the active ion influx can cause a reduction in the volume of aqueous production. PMID- 3477896 TI - Paramacular telangiectasis. AB - Forty six patients with paramacular retinal telangiectasis were reviewed; unilateral telangiectasis was present in 26 and bilateral disease was present in 20. Patients with unilateral macular telangiectasis had the more extensive vascular involvement associated with exudation and were more likely to have peripheral telangiectasis. Bilateral macular telangiectasis was associated with pigment epithelial changes and sub-retinal scars. Visual acuity was mildly reduced in the majority of patients; severe loss of vision was most frequent in patients with bilateral macular disease. The evolution of vascular changes was very slow and only 5 patients lost vision of two lines or more during an average period of 40 months. The high incidence of peripheral changes in unilaterally involved patients implies the possibility of a primary defect of the retinal vessels in these patients. There is evidence to suggest that there may be a primary defect of the retinal pigment epithelium in some patients with bilateral involvement. PMID- 3477897 TI - Assessment of vision in amblyopia. AB - This paper presents a brief review of clinical methods of assessment of vision in amblyopic infants and children. The problems encountered in this context include attention and motivation of the patient, and reliability and standardisation of method. Various solutions are examined and the relevance of the newer techniques of acuity estimation by preferential looking (PL), visual evoked cortical potentials (VECP) and psychophysical tests of contrast sensitivity is discussed. PMID- 3477899 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity--a long-term follow-up. AB - Retinopathy of prematurity is a problem that is going to increase as more and more low birth weight babies are kept alive by the neonatologists. These babies need to be examined to detect those with Grade III retinopathy of prematurity or worse. Until there is evidence to show that the visual prognosis is improved by cryotherapy the time for their first assessment is prior to discharge from hospital. PMID- 3477898 TI - Vascular hamartomas in childhood. AB - Vascular hamartomas in childhood may occur in isolation, or in a more generalised form with both cutaneous and visceral involvement. Many of these require no active intervention, other than parental reassurance. However, isolated lesions around the eye may seriously compromise developing vision, and in children with larger haemangiomas or diffuse haemangiomatosis, life-threatening complications may arise. In both of these situations, therefore, vigorous treatment is necessary to avoid serious long term sequelae. We describe our experience in 24 children presenting with isolated vascular hamartomas, and a further 2 children with more generalised involvement, to evaluate the important complications, and the effectiveness of our therapy. PMID- 3477901 TI - Ocular findings in a patient with deletion short arm chromosome 5 (cri du chat) and ring chromosome 14. AB - The general and ocular signs in patients with deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 (cri du chat) and ring chromosome 14 have been reported previously in the literature. Ophthalmic changes recorded in the latter anomaly are scanty. We describe a patient with the combined chromosomal anomaly--a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5 and a ring chromosome 14 which hitherto has not been reported. PMID- 3477900 TI - Acute presentation of thyroid ophthalmopathy. AB - Three patients are described who presented with acute painful proptosis, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. Orbital cellulitis was initially diagnosed in all cases, but there was no therapeutic response to antibiotics. A dramatic improvement occurred with steroids. All patients had, or developed abnormal thyroid tests and CT Scans showed thickened ocular muscles. This is an unusual presentation of thyroid ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3477902 TI - Prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase in osteosarcoma. AB - In 163 patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) levels were evaluated before treatment and successively closely monitored in an attempt to determine whether serum levels of this enzyme had clinical value in predicting the course of the disease. Of 121 patients with elevated preoperative SAP levels, 78 (64%) recurred. Of 42 patients with normal preoperative SAP levels, only 8 (19%) recurred (P less than 0.00001). Of the 140 patients locally treated with amputation, SAP returned to normal values in 77 patients; 46 of these (59%) relapsed. Of the 21 patients whose SAP remained elevated after amputation, all but 2 relapsed (90%). Among 119 patients with normal postoperative values of SAP, at the time of relapse SAP resulted elevated in 22 of 41 patients (53%). These data confirm that in osteosarcoma, preoperative SAP levels have a definite value in establishing the prognosis and that posttreatment follow-up examination should include SAP determination, since persistent elevated or increasing values herald the appearance of a recurrence. PMID- 3477903 TI - Inappetence in a tortoise. PMID- 3477904 TI - The Yt blood group system (ISBT No. 011). Genetic studies. AB - Allele frequencies of Yta (YT1) and Ytb (YT2) in a series of 659 random Canadian Caucasians are comparable to those in European populations: 0.9469 and 0.0531, respectively. Inheritance of Yt phenotypes in 1,077 children in 286 selected families are in accordance with expectation on the basis of Mendelian codominance. Linkage studies exclude YT from chromosomal segments 1p36-1p22.1, 4q13-4q28, the section of chromosome 9 bounded by AB0 and AK1 and from the chromosome 19 linkage group bounded by LE and SE. Evidence is presented for a possible location of YT on the short arm of chromosome 6 distal to F13A. PMID- 3477905 TI - [Calcium, phospholipase C and protein kinase C stimulate prostaglandin secretion of isolated gastric mucosa cells of the human]. AB - We studied PGE2-release from isolated human gastric mucosal cells. Mucosa was obtained at surgery and cells were dispersed by collagenase and pronase. Centrifugation with Percoll yielded a fraction of light density cells (70-75% parietal cells; 2-4% mast cells) revealing maximal rates of PGE2-release. A radioimmunoassay was used to measure PGE2-release into the incubation medium. Calcium ionophore A23187 which aids calcium transport across membranes caused a 3.5-fold increase of PGE2-release; this effect was abolished in calcium-free incubation medium. PGE2-release was also stimulated by phospholipase C (100 mU/ml) which is known to induce phosphoinositol breakdown, as well as by 1-oleyl 2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG; 10 microM) and by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA; 10 microM) which cause direct activation of protein kinase C without preceding induction of phosphoinositol breakdown. The response to TPA was potentiated by A23187. The calmodulin antagonist naphthalene sulfonamide W 7 reduced PGE2 release in response to A23187 and TPA (IC50: 1 microM). Our data indicate that PGE2-release of human gastric mucosal cells is stimulated by calcium influx as well as by indirect (phospholipase C) and direct (OAG, TPA) activation of protein kinase C. Stimulation of PGE2-release involves calmodulin-mediated mechanisms. PMID- 3477907 TI - [Chemically transformed cells growing in serum-free/mitogen-free medium produce and response to transforming growth factor]. PMID- 3477906 TI - Characterization of cell lines derived from enlarged spleens induced in C57BL/6 mice by the variant BSB strain of Friend erythroleukemia virus. AB - BSB is a variant strain of Friend virus selected for pathogenicity in C57BL/6 mice that are resistant to parental Friend virus strains by virtue of their homozygosity for the recessive Fv-2r allele (Steeves et al., 1970, Int. J. Cancer 5, 346-356). Lines and clones of erythroleukemia cells could readily be established in culture from the enlarged spleens of BSB-infected Fv-2r homozygotes. All lines expressed viral gene products and could be induced to express hemoglobin. Some lines produced infectious virus. In addition to the viral envelope-related proteins (gPr85, gp70, and gp52) detected by precipitation with goat anti-Rauscher gp70 antiserum from tumor cell lines induced by parental Friend virus strains, BSB-induced cell lines also expressed gp80, p52, and gp45 products precipitable with the same antiserum. A rat monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope of an amino-terminal region of gp52 (Wolff et al., 1982, J. Virol. 43, 472-481) also precipitated the gp80 and gp45 viral proteins. The data indicate that the BSB strain of Friend virus is oncogenic in Fv-2r homozygotes. Transformation is correlated with the expression of an altered SFFV env-gene product. PMID- 3477908 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reoperative Infrarenal Arterial Surgery. April 27-28, 1987, Copenhagen, Denmark. PMID- 3477909 TI - Definition of the problem. Description and classification of patients considered for reoperative surgery. Economical considerations. PMID- 3477910 TI - Reoperative surgery following umbilical vein bypass for lower extremity ischemia. PMID- 3477911 TI - Management of the occluded and failing PTFE graft. PMID- 3477912 TI - Haemodynamic and rheological aspects of vascular grafts. AB - 1) We now know that although the basic relationship of pressure, flow and resistance as expressed by the Poiseuille equation is useful in understanding basic regional haemodynamics, it cannot be applied to pulsatile flow and particularly if any measurements are to be made in the study of graft haemodynamics. Measurements of pressure wave velocity, and flow wave velocity with calculations of wall compliance and impedance are more appropriate. 2) The clinical performance of a graft depends on the mechanical properties of the graft and the response of the body to the prosthesis in terms of fibrous tissue reaction and thrombus deposition. 3) We should aim for grafts with low thrombogenicity, and a compliance which after implantation matches that of the arterial wall of the patient. 4) Although the animal experiments of the 1980s have given us enough indications of what we should aim for, and no doubt they will continue to be the ground for preclinical assessment, the time has come for us to develop techniques that will allow us to do the same measurements in our patients noninvasively. The high resolution M-mode and B-mode echographic vascular imaging and Doppler ultrasonic techniques with real-time fast Fourier analysis are with us and should form the spearhead for such an approach. By measuring graft compliance, thrombus deposition and flow velocities in the grafts implanted in our patients we shall bridge the gap between animal experiments and clinical evaluation, providing the manufacturers with enough information that points the direction towards more efficient grafts. PMID- 3477913 TI - Management of problems related to the occluded femoro-distal bypass. PMID- 3477914 TI - Has profunda femoris reconstruction a place as alternative to graft thrombectomy and new graft implantation? PMID- 3477915 TI - When is amputation indicated? PMID- 3477916 TI - Influence of risk factors on reoperative procedures. PMID- 3477917 TI - Selection of patients for reoperation for failed reconstruction. PMID- 3477918 TI - Problems related to previous thrombendarterectomy of the aorto-ilio-femoral arterial segment. AB - Early postoperative problems following aorto-ilio-femoral thrombendarterectomy include occlusion, bleeding and emboli. Technical details important for the prevention of these complications are discussed. Late problems include reobstruction, sexual dysfunction and aneurysm formation, the last complication being unusual following thrombendarterectomy. Late reobstruction is usually caused by progression of atherosclerosis and technical failures. Bypass grafting using synthetic material is usually the preferred method in redo aorto-ilio femoral reconstruction since extensive dissection of the arteries is then avoided. We prefer a regular laparotomy for these operations. It might be an advantage to introduce ureteral stents making it easier to identify the ureter which may be surrounded by scar tissue following previous dissection. The creation of sufficient run-off is important. In several cases the procedure must therefore be supplemented with a profunda artery reconstruction. In case of localized and moderate obstruction PTA may be indicated for the relief of recurrent arterial obstruction following thrombendarterectomy. PMID- 3477919 TI - Management of early and late thrombosis of aorto-iliaco-femoral prostheses. PMID- 3477920 TI - Problems related to run-in and run-off with reference to the profunda femoris artery and secondary femoropopliteal bypass. PMID- 3477921 TI - The value of perioperative assessment at the time of the original revascularization in subsequent reoperation. PMID- 3477922 TI - Aorto-iliac-femoral re-operative surgery. Supplementary surgery at secondary operations. PMID- 3477923 TI - Primary two-segment reconstruction (sequential bypass) in prevention of thrombosis. PMID- 3477924 TI - The role of extra-anatomic bypass in reoperative arterial surgery. PMID- 3477925 TI - Impotence secondary to vascular surgery. PMID- 3477926 TI - Redo arterial surgery: definition, description and classification of patients considered for reoperative surgery. PMID- 3477927 TI - Graft infection. Introduction. PMID- 3477929 TI - Treatment of the paninfected aortobifemoral prosthesis. An alternative method using autogenous great saphenous veins. PMID- 3477928 TI - The infected infra-renal aortic graft. AB - Infections involving prosthetic arterial grafts continue to be challenging both for the patient and the surgeon. Preventive measures including perioperative prophylactic antibiotics and meticulous surgical technique are warranted in order to reduce the incidence of this dreaded complication to a minimum. An aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach are necessary in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Factors associated with a favorable prognosis for survival and cure of infection include prompt surgical treatment, complete graft removal, staged graft removal and revascularization, and autogenous reconstructions when feasible. Long-term survival with freedom from infection, i.e. cure, is now an attainable goal in most patients. PMID- 3477930 TI - Graft-enteric fistulas and erosions. PMID- 3477931 TI - A microbiologist's view on perioperative hygiene and prophylactic antibiotic treatment. PMID- 3477932 TI - Studies on gastric bicarbonate secretion in man. AB - A method for measurement of human basal and stimulated gastric bicarbonate secretion was developed in the present investigation. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of basal, vagus nerve stimulated as well as fundic distension induced bicarbonate secretion were studied. The investigations were performed in healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients, the latter group before and/or after a proximal gastric vagotomy operation. Healthy subjects as well as ulcer patients were premedicated with a histamine H2-receptor antagonist and gastric bicarbonate secretion was determined by use of a gastric perfusion system in combination with computerized continuous recordings of pH and PCO2. The contribution of alkaline saliva to the measured gastric bicarbonate secretion was minimized by continuous salivary suction and correction was made for swallowed saliva by measurement of amylase in the gastric aspirate. A high rate of gastric perfusion facilitated the identification of alkaline duodenogastric reflux and also eliminated its influence on the measurement of gastric bicarbonate secretion. Validation of the measuring system by instillation of small amounts of bicarbonate showed a satisfactory correlation between added and recovered bicarbonate in the range of bicarbonate determinations usually recorded. Decreasing intragastric pH to between 3 and 4 converted all secreted bicarbonate into CO2, but did not affect the measured value of bicarbonate secretion. Vagal stimulation accomplished by sham feeding increased gastric bicarbonate secretion in sixteen healthy subjects from 410 +/- 39 mumol/h to 692 +/- 67 mumol/h (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001). This response was independent of intragastric pH in the range of 2 to 7. The muscarinic receptor antagonist, benzilonium bromide, almost abolished the sham feeding response while indomethacin left it nearly unchanged. Nine duodenal ulcer patients had identical basal and vagally stimulated bicarbonate output as healthy subjects. Two months after proximal gastric vagotomy, the basal bicarbonate secretion was significantly increased, whereas the output in response to sham feeding was unaltered. In the early postoperative period, anticholinergics reduced the enhanced basal bicarbonate secretion to a preoperative level. In six healthy subjects, graded fundic distension with a balloon to volumes of 150 ml, 300 ml and 600 ml, each distension period lasting 60 minutes, increased the bicarbonate secretion by 46% (p less than 0.05), 28% (NS) and 84% (p less than 0.05), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3477933 TI - Recent advances in intraspinal pain therapy. Papers presented at a symposium. Vincenza, Italy, September 1, 1985. PMID- 3477934 TI - Drug delivery systems for epidural administration of opioids. AB - From a practical and cost-effective viewpoint, the bolus administration of opiates via an implanted epidural catheter and portal injection system offers improved pain control for a good percentage of patients suffering pain secondary to cancer who are not responding to oral analgesia. However, considerable research is required into the mechanism of action, drug of choice, and optimal drug delivery system for the epidural administration of opiate drugs. Although this system is still in its infancy, it would be fair to say that it is one of the most significant advances for the control of pain in patients with cancer this century. PMID- 3477935 TI - Intraspinal narcotics: non-malignant pain. PMID- 3477936 TI - Continuous vs. bolus epidural morphine. AB - The clinical evaluation of continuous administration of epidural morphine was undertaken using an infusion pump (Act-A-Pump 1000). Eleven patients who had undergone abdominal surgical procedures were treated with this therapeutic modality for postoperative pain control, and two cancer patients for chronic pain relief. The results were satisfactory and the advantages over repeated epidural injections are discussed. PMID- 3477937 TI - A comparison between the measured and the desirable quality of hydrogel extended wear contact lenses. AB - Eighty-two hydrogel extended wear contact lenses (EWCL) from four brands were tested for overall quality and variations in specified parameters. Two of the EWCL brands were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for wear by the public, while two of the brands were uninvestigated. In addition, the packaging solution was examined for osmolarity and pH. All brands were delivered with solutions that had estimated means of pH and osmolarity departing from what may be considered ideal physiologically. The EWCLs all had a consistent power and an acceptable thickness reproducibility. One of the FDA approved brands, demonstrated diameter variations of a magnitude that may produce an unpredictability in the lens fit. Several lenses of one brand suffered from edge quality deficiencies. Although the FDA clinical trial is designed to control the clinical performance of contact lenses prior to the market entry, the results of the present investigation indicate that an authority independent of the manufacturer should regularly sample the lens quality. It is for this purpose imperative that standards for contact lenses are established. PMID- 3477938 TI - A population-based study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed from July 1981 through June 1985 in the five Nordic countries. Incidence, patient characteristics and treatment results. AB - Six hundred and fifty-six children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been diagnosed in the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) during the period from July 1981 through June 1985. Annual incidence of ALL was 3.6/100,000 children aged less than 15 years, with an incidence for males of 3.8 and for females of 3.4 respectively. Half of the children were younger than 5 years of age at diagnosis, with a peak incidence between 2-3 years of age. The leukemias were classified as Standard Risk (SR), Intermediate Risk (IR) or High Risk (HR) leukemia according to prognostic criteria at diagnosis. The remission rate was 95%. In children greater than or equal to 1 year of age with non-B-cell ALL at diagnosis, the Event-Free Survival (EFS) was 0.58; 0.65 for SR-children, 0.51 for IR-children and 0.52 for HR-children. WBC count at diagnosis was the most important prognostic factor and a WBC count of 11-20 X 10(9)/l was associated with the worst prognosis of all WBC values (EFS = 0.30), independent of other prognostic factors. Male sex was the second most important adverse prognostic criterion. The follow-up in January 1986 (observation time 6 54 months), showed that 442 of the 656 children (67%) were in complete continuous remission. The total results indicate a possibility to improve the prognosis for most of the risk groups of ALL with a more intensive treatment. PMID- 3477939 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome in Sweden in 1973-1977 and 1979. AB - The aim of the investigation has been to describe Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS, in Sweden, its background, true incidence and epidemiological characteristics, and finally to offer possibilities of prophylaxis. The method used has entailed a retrospective survey of all 1,873 post-perinatal (1-51 weeks) deaths from six birth cohorts in 1973-1977 and 1979. Through comprehensive documentation, 334 deaths have been isolated as SIDS. The result was an incidence of 0.54/1000 live births. Internationally, this incidence is low, but the study could establish that SIDS increased during 1973-1977 and 1979 in Sweden. The epidemiological characteristics shown by the study agree to an extent with American and British investigations, but reported Swedish incidence is lower. An assessment of the total post-perinatal mortality has also been made to demonstrate that there is no communication between SIDS with a uniform diagnosis and other causes of death. Analysis has been binary: in relation to factors in society, and on an individual basis. Geographical or social bases did not affect incidence of SIDS in Sweden, which is remarkable when comparing these findings with other reports on the subject. In regards to individuals, the analysis has been based upon the place where the infant died. Deaths in the infant's own bed showed a clear rise on Saturdays, but the incidence here remained constant over the period studied. Deaths in bed with one/two adults showed epidemiological findings which indicated disadvantageous family and social factors in many cases; this group increased from year to year. Deaths outdoors were common in winter; a certain increase towards the end of the week as well as from year to year was indicated. No social strain was shown. Deaths during car rides clearly increased from year to year, but showed no particular socio-familial profile nor weekday variation. Findings analyzing location of death have indicated that the different places have their own epidemiological characteristics distribution. Analyses of this sort are scarce. There were no certain indications of SIDS occurring more often in socially disadvantageous circumstances: 4/5 of the SIDS families had no social strain. The study has also included medico-historical notes, e.g. 'over laying' and a description of epidemiological/pathological and forensic aspects of sudden infant death from Stockholm during the 1840s. SIDS means that neither anamnesis nor a thorough autopsy can explain the death. SIDS may be considered a dysfunction syndrome, in which endogenous and exogenous factors act together and silently lead to death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3477940 TI - Arterial disease in chronic renal failure--an experimental study in the rabbit. AB - Epidemiological studies have indicated an increased incidence of cardiovascular events among patients with chronic renal failure. An acceleration of the atherosclerotic disease process in uremia has been proposed and a few studies have even suggested the existence of a specific pathological entity, uremic arterial disease, characterized by medial degeneration and calcification rather than by accumulation of cholesterol. As an experimental model of arterial disease in uremia, rabbits with chronic renal failure (CRF rabbits) induced by renal cauterization and contralateral nephrectomy were studied. Serum levels of creatinine were increased 2-3 times and the glomerular filtration rate reduced to 1/3-1/4 of the normal value. The CRF rabbits had lower body weights, hematocrit values and serum albumin concentrations than corresponding control animals. The arterial blood pressure was normal in all rabbits studied. The serum calcium concentration was significantly increased as was the serum phosphate. The gastrointestinal absorption of calcium of the CRF rabbits was decreased in contrast to an increased absorption of phosphate. The possible regulatory mechanisms responsible for the peculiar aspects of the mineral metabolism in normal and CRF rabbits are discussed but have not been clarified in detail. As regards the serum lipids, increased triglyceride levels were the most constant finding whereas serum cholesterol was only increased in rabbits with rather severe renal insufficiency. The earliest morphological changes were observed in the media of the aorta following seven weeks of CRF. Increased amounts of alcianophilic intercellular substance and a wavy pattern of the elastic membranes were seen. After three months of CRF, medial focal proliferations of smooth muscle cells accompanied by degenerative changes and calcifications were seen, frequently associated with increased thickness of the overlying intima due to accumulation of smooth muscle cells. After eight months of CRF the aorta was often transformed into a stiff, calcified tube and similar changes were observed in all major systemic arteries, including the coronary arteries. No evidence of lipid accumulation was found. Chemical analysis confirmed that accumulation of calcium, phosphate and magnesium was a prominent feature of the arterial changes, whereas the aortic content of cholesterol was not increased. Restriction of dietary calcium and phosphate decreased the mineral accumulation as well as the severity of the morphological changes. Increased amounts of calcium and phosphate in the diet increased the mineral accumulation of the aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3477942 TI - Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the bladder. PMID- 3477941 TI - Evidence for the involvement of a capsaicin-sensitive innervation in the afferent branch of micturition reflex in rats. AB - Functional evidence is presented indicating the presence in the rat urinary bladder of a capsaicin-sensitive innervation which is involved in regulating micturition threshold. Endogenous substance P and/or related tachykinins appear to be present in the capsaicin-sensitive nerve endings of the rat bladder and may play a neurotransmitter role in relaying information concerned with bladder volume from the detrusor muscle to the central nervous system. In addition, neurotransmitter release from the peripheral ending of the capsaicin-sensitive fibers may play an efferent role in certain motor and/vascular responses at bladder muscle level. PMID- 3477944 TI - Implications of cytogenetic findings in secondary leukemia. PMID- 3477943 TI - Clostridium difficile colitis induced by cytarabine. AB - Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (PMC) has become a widely recognized syndrome of nausea, abdominal distention, and severe (frequently bloody) diarrhea (1). While this syndrome was first associated with the administration of clindamycin, almost all antimicrobial drugs can serve as predisposing agents (2). We wish to report a patient with typical PMC induced by the administration of cytarabine. PMID- 3477945 TI - Caveat: false positive results of HIV testing. PMID- 3477946 TI - The effects of perennial allergic rhinitis on dental and skeletal development: a comparison of sibling pairs. AB - This study analyzed the effect of perennial allergic rhinitis on dental and facial skeletal characteristics. Twenty-five allergic children who were apparent mouth breathers, their 25 siblings who did not have the disease and were apparent nose breathers, and 14 nasal breathing control subjects were examined medically, dentally, and cephalometrically. Compared with their siblings, the allergic subjects had more nasal mucosal edema, a higher proportion of eosinophils in their nasal secretions, and greater nasal power. The allergic subjects were characterized by deeper palatal height, retroclined mandibular incisors, increased total anterior facial height and lower facial height, a larger gonial angle, and greater SN, palatal, and occlusal planes to mandibular plane angles. All of these measures except gonial angle were also significantly different between the allergic children and the nonconsanguineous controls. Also, the allergic subjects compared with controls had smaller SNB and SN-pogonion angles and an increased overjet. Both allergic and nonallergic sibling groups showed larger mean adenoid size on radiographs than controls. For most variables the nonallergic siblings fell between the allergic children and the control subjects. Overall, the allergic children had longer, more retrusive faces than controls. This retrusive characteristic was present in nonallergic siblings and cannot be ascribed to the apparent breathing mode at the time of the study. These results confirm earlier reports that allergic rhinitis may be associated with altered facial growth. Controlled longitudinal studies to analyze a possible cause-and effect relationship and the effects of medical and surgical treatments should be undertaken. PMID- 3477947 TI - The relationship between nasal cross-sectional area and nasal air volume in normal and nasally impaired adults. AB - The controversy concerning the effects of nasal airway impairment on facial growth has stimulated renewed interest in upper airway respiratory function. The subjective manner in which airway impairment and mouth breathing have been assessed is, in our opinion, responsible for the differences observed among investigators and for their conclusions. We have been involved in a series of studies dealing with airway impairment and have report modifications of two techniques for objectively assessing respiration. The purpose of the present study was to examine a large population of adults, with and without nasal airway impairment, and assess the relationship between nasal cross-sectional area and nasal air volume to determine at what point airway size controls the passage of air during breathing. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrates that airway size alters air volume when nasal cross-sectional area is less than 0.4 cm2. The relationship between area and volume is very linear below 0.4 cm2, with air volume decreasing with decreased size. Although the data do indicate some influence over volume at sizes greater than 0.4 cm2, the effect is very slight. These findings support the prediction that upper airway impairment is present at nasal airways less than 0.4 cm2 in adults. PMID- 3477948 TI - Predisposing factors for malocclusion in 7-year-old children with special reference to atopic diseases. AB - The relationships between malocclusion and atopic diseases (familial allergy) and other usual predisposing factors were studied clinically and biometrically in a nonselected cohort of 217 7-year-old children. Normal Class I occlusion was more common in children with atopic respiratory symptoms than in nonatopic children. Posterior crossbites were found in children with atopic dermatitis (P less than 0.05), those with frequent infections (P less than 0.05), and in those sucking their fingers or a dummy beyond the age of 4 years (P less than 0.05) more often than in other children. The present results provide further support for the view that atopic hyperreactivity is a predisposing factor for posterior crossbites. PMID- 3477950 TI - The effects of Frankel II treatment on arch width and arch perimeter. AB - Changes in dental arch width and total arch perimeter in 24 Class II, Division 1 patients treated with the Frankel II appliance were compared with changes in an untreated control group. Measurements were made on pretreatment and posttreatment plaster casts at three points on each of four maxillary and four mandibular teeth. Increases in width were computed at the occlusal point and compared for the two samples. A significant increase in occlusal arch width for all measures was suggestive of both a minor tipping movement of the maxillary teeth and a bodily movement of the mandibular teeth. Width development in the maxilla was greater than in the mandible. Occlusal arch width increased more in the molar and premolar regions in the maxilla and in the premolar region in the mandible. Wide arches were found to have as much increase as narrow arches. The total arch perimeter decreased significantly less in the treatment sample than in the control sample. The documented gains in arch width and arch perimeter would not be sufficient to relieve severe crowding, but could be useful in avoiding removal of teeth in borderline extraction cases. PMID- 3477949 TI - Treatment effect of combined maxillary protraction and chincap appliance in severe skeletal Class III cases. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the true treatment effects of the maxillary protracting appliance with chincap for skeletal Class III cases and to evaluate the difference of true treatment effects between the cases in which the maxilla was protracted from the first molars and the cases protracted from the first premolars. Cephalograms of 63 cases (the first molar protraction group--27 cases protracted from the first molars, the first premolar protraction group--36 cases protracted from the first premolars) treated with the combined maxillary protraction and chincap appliance were used. Template analysis was performed to evaluate the estimated treatment effects without growth change. Forward movement of the maxilla and backward rotation of the mandible were characteristic features of the estimated treatment effects in 63 cases. In comparing the two groups, the maxilla was displaced more anteriorly and rotated more upward and forward in the first molar protraction group. Therefore, the intraoral site of protraction should be selected by considering vertical dimensions of skeletal and dental structures, and the amount of forward displacement of the maxilla required in the treatment of the individual patient. PMID- 3477951 TI - Nonextraction orthodontic therapy: posttreatment dental and skeletal stability. AB - To assess the long-term stability of nonextraction orthodontic treatment, the dental cast and cephalometric records of 28 cases were evaluated. Thirty cephalometric and seven cast parameters were examined before treatment, posttreatment, and an average of almost 8 years postretention. Results showed overall long-term stability to be relatively good. Relapse patterns seen were similar in nature, but intermediate in extent, between untreated normals and four first premolar extraction cases. Significant decreases were seen in arch length and intercanine width during the postretention period despite minimal changes during treatment. Incisor irregularly increased slightly postretention; intermolar width, overjet, and overbite displayed considerable long-term stability. Mandibular incisor mesiodistal and faciolingual dimensions were not associated with either pretreatment or posttreatment incisor crowding. Class II malocclusions with large ANB values and shorter mandibular lengths showed increased incisor irregularity, shorter arch lengths, and deeper overbites at the postretention stage, suggesting that the amount and direction of facial growth may have been partially responsible for maturational changes seen during the postretention period. PMID- 3477953 TI - Benefits of ADA membership. PMID- 3477952 TI - The clinical management of ectopically erupting first permanent molars. AB - The literature on ectopically erupting first permanent molars is reviewed. The progression of the ectopic condition is discussed along with factors that will affect the practitioner's decision on a mode of treatment. The optimal treatment approach depends on the clinical eruption status of /6/, the change in position of /6/, the amount of enamel ledge of /E/ entrapping /6/, the mobility of /E/, and the presence of pain or infection. A variety of treatment approaches together with diagnostic rationale and clinical guidelines are presented. Overall aspects of the malocclusion must be considered when planning the management of ectopically erupting first permanent molars. PMID- 3477954 TI - Thoughts on the future of orthodontic education and practice. AB - Only by involvement and constructive planning for our specialty can we as a group influence dental education--specifically, orthodontic training--and the conditions for practice we will face in the future. The development of undergraduate orthodontic teaching has been slow. It is argued that it is a necessity, and in our best interest, that we formulate an innovative curricular standard for orthodontic instruction to be included in the strategic planning for the future dental educational program. Regarding advanced training, orthodontics as a specialty branch of dentistry would be at a disadvantage if the number of places in orthodontic specialty programs is significantly reduced. Rather, assuming the accuracy of predictions of future increased demands for orthodontic care under decent economic conditions, it is suggested that if we allow for a slow but steady increase in the number of orthodontic specialists, we are going to create reasonably sound circumstances for future orthodontic specialty practice. PMID- 3477955 TI - Spinocerebellar ataxia: localization of an autosomal dominant locus between two markers on human chromosome 6. AB - Inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are progressively degenerative neurological diseases. The primary site of degeneration is the cerebellar cortex- in particular, the Purkinje cells. In the present report, the SCA locus, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in a large kindred, is localized to a region approximately 15 centimorgans telomeric of HLA-A on the short arm of chromosome 6. PMID- 3477956 TI - Linkage studies of Friedreich ataxia by means of blood-group and protein markers. AB - Friedreich ataxia (FA) is an autosomal recessive, neuro-degenerative disorder in which the pathogenetic mechanism remains unidentified despite extensive biochemical studies. Genetic-linkage studies provide an alternative approach to determining the basic defect. Linkage analysis between FA and 36 polymorphic blood-group and protein markers has been carried out on three separate patient populations--16 families from the inbred Acadian population of Louisiana, 21 French-Canadian families from Quebec, and nine apparently unrelated British families--in an attempt to determine the chromosomal location of the disease mutation. Neither evidence of linkage to any of the markers investigated nor heterogeneity among the populations was found for any of the comparisons. The negative lod scores exclude the locus for FA from greater than 20% of the genome. PMID- 3477958 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Analysis of 242 patients. AB - Two hundred forty-two patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis were reviewed to identify significant biologic and prognostic associations. Twenty percent of patients had lymphoid blast crisis. Clonal evolution was present in 60 percent of patients at blast crisis and involved most frequently the development of a double Philadelphia chromosome, trisomy 8, or isochromosome 17. The overall median survival from blast crisis was 18 weeks. Patient characteristics demonstrated to have significant association with short survival were: anemia; thrombocytopenia; myeloid or undifferentiated blast cell morphology; clonal evolution involving the presence of a double Philadelphia chromosome, trisomy 8, or isochromosome 17; and low marrow blast percentage. Of 195 patients who received therapy for blast crisis, complete remission was achieved in 44 (23 percent) patients, and 24 (13 percent) patients had a partial remission or hematologic improvement. Lower complete remission rates were associated with old age, thrombocytopenia, myeloid or undifferentiated blast cell morphology, clonal evolution--especially isochromosome 17 and trisomy 8--and long interval from diagnosis to onset of blast crisis. A multivariate analysis identified two characteristics to have independent prognostic importance for both survival and remission: platelet counts and blast cell morphology. In addition, clonal evolution had additive prognostic value for survival (double Philadelphia chromosome) and for response (isochromosome 17). The beneficial association of therapy with survival was demonstrated by the significantly longer median survival of patients treated since 1981 compared with those treated earlier, even after accounting for the pretreatment prognostic factors, and by the significant improvement in survival of patients achieving remission using the "landmark" analysis technique. PMID- 3477957 TI - Linkage relationships between X-linked retinitis pigmentosa and nine short-arm markers: exclusion of the disease locus from Xp21 and localization to between DXS7 and DXS14. AB - Linkage data between X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) and nine X-chromosomal markers are reported. To test the assignment of XLRP to the Xp21 region (as considered at Human Gene Mapping 8), an analysis of XLRP and six markers flanking this region was undertaken. The XLRP locus was found to be excluded from the chromosome distal to ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) (P = 6.5 X 10(-5]. Further data were accumulated with three more probes proximal to DXS7 (L1.28), the closest linked probe. Multipoint analysis of these data suggests a posterior probability of .94 that XLRP is proximal to DXS7 (L1.28), which has been mapped to the region Xp11.3. PMID- 3477959 TI - Role of mucus and prostaglandins in the gastric mucosal protective actions of sucralfate against ethanol-induced injury in the rat. AB - This study investigated the relationship between the protective effect of sucralfate against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat and the effects of sucralfate on prostaglandin and mucus synthesis and secretion. Sucralfate at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg significantly reduced gastric ulceration. Intragastric administration of sucralfate increased luminal mucus and prostaglandin E2 levels but did not affect prostaglandin or mucus synthesis in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from sucralfate-treated animals. Pretreatment with indomethacin partially reduced the protective effect of sucralfate. However, sucralfate 200 mg/kg, a dose that completely prevented ulceration, did not increase the levels of luminal prostaglandin E2. In vitro incubation with sucralfate did not stimulate mucosal prostaglandin synthesis. Longer-term administration of sucralfate for 48 or 96 hours did not stimulate mucus or prostaglandin synthesis but did increase luminal prostaglandin E2 and mucus. Although sucralfate increased the gastric juice content of prostaglandin E2 and mucus, the two did not appear to be mechanistically related, and only mucus release was consistently associated with mucosal protection. PMID- 3477960 TI - Effects of sucralfate or mild irritants on experimental gastritis and prostaglandin production. AB - Rats pretreated with dilute ethanol, dilute hydrochloric acid, or dilute sodium hydroxide had significantly less gastric mucosal damage when they were exposed 15 or 30 minutes later to strong irritants. The dilute agents, known as mild irritants, also caused an increase in the production of gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 at the 15- and 30-minute dosing intervals. This suggests that the mild irritants are only effective in providing gastric mucosal protection when they increase gastric production of prostaglandin E2. Sucralfate treatment also caused an increase in gastric mucosal production of prostaglandin E2 at only the 15- and 30-minute dosing intervals. In contrast, pretreatment with sucralfate protected against the damaging effects of the strong irritants for at least 480 minutes. Therefore, prostaglandin E2 may play a role in sucralfate's protective effect at short dosing intervals, but at longer intervals, when prostaglandin E2 changes were not observed, sucralfate was still found to be very effective in reducing the severity of gastritis. This suggests that sucralfate acts, at least in part, through some other mechanism(s) besides increasing gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 production. PMID- 3477963 TI - Zidovudine and the anaesthetist. PMID- 3477961 TI - Taurodeoxycholate and the developing rabbit distal colon: absence of secretory effect. AB - Failure to absorb bile acids by the ileum leads to fluid secretion by the colon and diarrhea in adults. The infant ileum, however, does not actively transport bile acids. Therefore, we investigated the effect of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) on ion transport in the colon of rabbits 7-10 days old. We mounted distal colon from infant and adult rabbits in modified Ussing chambers and exposed the mucosal or serosal surfaces to TDCA. In the adult, 50 microM TDCA produced an increase in short-circuit current (delta Isc = 1.0 +/- 0.3 mu eq . h-1 . cm-2, P less than 0.05) and Cl secretion. In the infant, the effect was different, Isc was reduced (delta Isc = -1.1 +/- 0.2 mu eq . h-1 . cm-2, P less than 0.01) and ion flux was not altered. Microscopy demonstrated that the infant epithelium was not significantly damaged by exposure to TDCA at these concentrations. The infant colon was, however, capable of a secretory response to a variety of agonists including theophylline, carbachol, bradykinin, serotonin, and 12,13-dibutyryl phorbol ester. The infant rabbit distal colon lacks a secretory response to TDCA during that period when the ileum cannot transport bile acids. PMID- 3477962 TI - Episodic hormone secretion during sleep in Kleine-Levin syndrome: evidence for hypothalamic dysfunction. AB - "Acute" hypothalamic-pituitary function tests including insulin tolerance test, LRH, ACTH and TRH stimulation tests and nocturnal secretory pattern of human growth hormone, 11-OHCS, prolactin, FSH, LH and TSH were studied in a 23-year-old male with Kleine-Levin syndrome during the course of a typical hypersomnic attack. The "acute" tests revealed paradoxical growth-hormone response to TRH stimulation, borderline high basal plasma prolactin levels with normal response to TRH. The hormonal secretory pattern during sleep revealed abnormalities in LH, 11-OHCS and prolactin secretion. These together with the results of the "acute" tests are indicative of an abnormality in the hypothalamic regulation of various pituitary hormones. This observation may indeed be the first laboratory demonstration confirming a long-standing hypothesis that Kleine-Levin syndrome is related to hypothalamic dysfunction. PMID- 3477964 TI - A fluorometric assay for quantitating phenol sulfotransferase activities in homogenates of cells and tissues. AB - A new, rapid, and sensitive method for assaying phenol sulfotransferase activity toward 2-naphthol is described. The product 2-naphthyl sulfate is quantitated fluorometrically. Optimal wavelengths for excitation and emission were determined by recording the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the substrate and the product. The new method is applicable to crude cell or tissue homogenates as well as to further purified preparations. A comparison to another widely used method is given to point out the advantages provided by the new procedure. In particular, sensitivity and accuracy of both methods are evaluated and the influence of interfering substances on both systems is compared. These results clearly indicate the superiority of the new method. PMID- 3477965 TI - Adenosine 5 triphosphate (ATP) content and acrosin activity in polyzoospermic subjects. AB - The aim of this paper was to measure the concentration of spermatic ATP and acrosin in a group of patients with polyzoospermia, and to compare these values with those found in a group of normozoospermic men. The general characteristics of the semen, the ATP and the acrosin, were measured in a group of 46 men with polyzoospermia, who consulted in our clinic for sterility. The results were compared with those of 50 normozoospermic men in the control group. Statistically, no significant difference was found between the volume, motility and morphology of the samples in both groups; however, the concentration of spermatic ATP and acrosin decreased significantly in a group of polyzoospermic patients. This could be due to a functional defect of the spermatozoa in this group of patients. PMID- 3477966 TI - Maturational patterns and prediction during adolescence. AB - A mixed longitudinal study of Skeletal Maturation Indicators (SMI) from the hand wrist radiograph as a means for evaluating maturational status. PMID- 3477967 TI - Assessment of dental and skeletal maturity. A new approach. AB - A comparison of radiographic methods of assessing skeletal and dental maturation, and an evaluation of the correlations among the various maturity indicators in the 8-12 year age range. PMID- 3477968 TI - Managing orthodontic data on a small computer. AB - A literature survey of file management, relational database management, and network/hierarchical database management systems led to selection of dBASE III to manage patient records on an IBM PC in the Department of Orthodontics at the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry. The versatility of this system's internal language enables ad hoc analysis of clinical and personal data to meet both anticipated and unanticipated management and scientific needs. PMID- 3477969 TI - Craniofacial morphology and occlusal variation in monozygous and dizygous twins. AB - A study of 60 pairs of twins, 30 monozygous and 30 dizygous, finding a strong genetic component overlaid by functional adaptation most prominent in the dental area. PMID- 3477970 TI - Traumatically intruded teeth. AB - Various combinations of orthodontic force, luxation, and observation are applied to 12 teeth traumatically intruded in 3 large dogs. All showed root resorption to some degree. Early orthodontic repositioning, with luxation if immobile, produced the best recovery. PMID- 3477971 TI - Effect of RA233 on metastasis in dogs with osteosarcomas. AB - The influence of RA233, an inhibitor of platelet function, on the occurrence of metastasis in 18 dogs with osteosarcomas was evaluated. At least 24 hours before surgical removal of the primary tumor, dogs were given RA233 orally (20 mg/kg of body weight divided into 3 equal doses). Original sites of the osteosarcoma included humerus, 6 dogs; radius, 5 dogs; tibia, 3 dogs; femur, 2 dogs; maxilla, 1 dog; and mandible, 1 dog. Survival time for 13 dogs euthanatized for progression of neoplastic disease ranged from 3 months to 10 months, with a mean survival time of 5.5 months. Medication was discontinued in 1 dog because of possible adverse reaction. One dog died of disease unrelated to the tumor, and one dog was euthanatized after the surgery. Two dogs were tumor free 9 and 17 months after surgery. Seemingly, the metastasis potential was not diminished in dogs given 20 mg of RA233/kg/day. PMID- 3477973 TI - Drinking water quality concerns of New York City, past and present. PMID- 3477972 TI - Environmental sciences. PMID- 3477974 TI - The U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Waste-Ground Water Contamination Program. PMID- 3477975 TI - Exposure of sheet-metal workers to asbestos during the construction and renovation of commercial buildings in New York City. A case study in social medicine. AB - New York City sheet-metal workers have a history of significant exposure to asbestos. Prior to 1972 when the use of sprayed asbestos insulation was banned in New York City, sheet-metal workers involved in building construction were exposed as they worked adjacent to spraying operations. Subsequent to that date, exposure continued as they renovated these same buildings. In 1982 the Occupational Health Program of Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine initiated a multidimensional asbestos evaluation and intervention program for the sheet-metal industry and union in New York. The long-term goal of the program was to eliminate asbestos exposure through the safe, systematic removal of asbestos in New York City buildings, most likely a legislated solution. In the short term, we attempted to assess and reduce asbestos exposure in the sheet-metal trade by a series of steps consisting of: mortality and morbidity studies; a medical audit of clinical screening services provided to sheet-metal workers; a comprehensive health education program; development of safe work practices; evaluation of personal protective equipment; and investigation into and support of legislative and regulatory solutions to the problem of asbestos contamination of commercial buildings. This intervention can be seen as a case study in the practice of social medicine. PMID- 3477976 TI - Toxicity of imipenem in vitreous replacement fluid. AB - We evaluated the ocular toxicity of imipenem when administered in the infusion fluid during vitrectomy. Imipenem concentrations of up to 16 micrograms/mL were nontoxic to the ocular structures. PMID- 3477977 TI - [Action of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the rat aorta. Its role in the mobilization of calcium at the cellular level]. PMID- 3477978 TI - [Anti-tumor activity of mycelia of Agrocybe dura, Mycoacia uda and Phanerochaete laevis]. PMID- 3477979 TI - [Cytotoxic effects of root extracts of Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam. (Rutaceae) on the human erythroleukemia K 562 cell line]. PMID- 3477981 TI - Fetal vasopressin in late pregnancy. Levels in amniotic fluid and in fetal urine. AB - The concentrations of vasopressin in the amniotic fluid were measured in 40 patients. The pregnancies were complicated by diabetes, toxemia or imminent premature delivery and in one case by polyhydramnion. The gestation time varied from 33 to 41 weeks. In addition, we measured vasopressin concentrations after transabdominal drainage of fetal bladder in three cases with urethral obstruction. Detectable concentrations of vasopressin in the amniotic fluid were found in all but four of the 40 cases observed. The vasopressin concentrations varied from 0.21 to 1.81 pg/ml. There were no systematic differences in the values in relation to duration of gestation or disease present. The highest vasopressin concentration was observed in the patient with polyhydramnion. No detectable amount of vasopressin was found in the urine of the three fetuses examined. The results suggest that, in contrast to earlier studies, the placenta may be permeable to small amounts of vasopressin or may itself be an origin of this hormone. The maternal complications present seem to have no effect of the vasopressin concentrations in the amniotic fluid. PMID- 3477980 TI - Teenage pregnancy and delivery. AB - The outcome of pregnancy and delivery was studied in 122 teenagers (under 18 years) and matched controls. There were no differences in complications during pregnancy, delivery method or outcome of pregnancy as measured by perinatal mortality and morbidity. Anemia post partum existed more often in the teenage group, and teenager's newborns were also lighter than those of the controls. This may be due to premature deliveries, which were more common in the teenage group. Premature deliveries were more common in patients who did not visit health centres or maternity outpatient clinics. The main problem is how to attach such teenagers to organized maternity care. PMID- 3477982 TI - Serum free estriol inefficient in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The value of a single serum free estriol (E3) measurement in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was investigated. Among the group of 40 mothers later giving birth to a growth retarded baby, E3 was low, i.g. below the level of two lower standard deviations of the mean values, in 9 cases. In the control group of 50 mothers with appropriately grown newborns, none of the E3 values was low. In a group of 42 mothers with a low E3 level, only 10 gave birth to a growth retarded baby. Hence, the sensitivity of a single E3 measurement to detect IUGR is 38%, the specificity 61% and the predictive value 37%. E3 measurement is neither efficient nor accurate in the detection of IUGR. PMID- 3477983 TI - Intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening. AB - Forty-five women with an unfavourable cervix (cervical score less than 3) and an obstetric indication for delivery were given intracervical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel 0.5 mg/3 g to prime the uterine cervix. Twenty-one women (47%) went into labour after PGE2 gel application only. In 13 women (29%) the cervical score sufficiently improved within 12 hours and labour was successfully induced with intravenous oxytocin. The rate of adverse effects was notably: there were two uterine ruptures, the rate of cesarean sections was 33%, hypertonic uterine contractility 25%, premature rupture of membranes 16%, and neonatal asphyxia 21%. In our experience, cervical ripening with PGE2 gel, although efficient, may also bring about complications, which appear partly iatrogenic. Therefore, a critical evaluation of indications and the risk/benefit ratio is required. PMID- 3477984 TI - HELLP syndrome. AB - HELLP syndrome is a triad of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count during pregnancy and it is proposed to be a sign of severe preeclampsia. We present two mothers with this life-threatening condition. In the first case, the syndrome appeared after a twin delivery at 34 weeks of pregnancy. The mother required 10 days of intensive care with blood and thrombocyte transfusions. Both she and the infants survived. In the second case, the mother had all classic signs of severe preeclampsia at the 27 week of pregnancy. After 3 days' intensive care, a cesarean section was performed and both the mother and the child survived. PMID- 3477986 TI - Local oestriol treatment improves the structure of elastic fibers in the skin of postmenopausal women. AB - The effect of local oestriol treatment on the abdominal skin was studied in 14 postmenopausal women. Six control patients received a similar ointment without oestriol. The duration of the treatment in all cases was three weeks. The elastic fibers in the papillary dermis were thickened, better orientated and slightly increased in number in half of these patients but in none of the control patients. The epidermal thickness was slightly increased in four of the patients treated with oestriol. No significant changes were observed in the epidermal cell size, mitotic activity, dermal vascularization or inflammatory infiltrate between the specimens taken before and after the treatment or between the treatment groups. PMID- 3477985 TI - Effect of low dose endometrial after-loading irradiation upon the hypophysis ovarian axis. AB - Endometrial inactivation by irradiation, while simultaneously preserving the ovarian function is sometimes clinically indicated. We have found that after 1100 cGy (rad) the ovarian function remains intact, yet endometrial inactivation is unsatisfactory. Therefore, four premenopausal subjects, with clinical indications for eliminating disturbing uterine bleedings, received each an endometrial dose of 1600 cGy by using a Cathetron afterloading unit. When pre- and post-treatment cycles were compared, the circulating gonadotrophin and estrogen levels were unchanged in three subjects. Nine to 12 weeks after the treatments there were no signs of ovulation and the gonadotrophin levels were generally increased. None of the subjects had experienced any bleedings. We conclude that an endometrial dose of 1600 cGy is effective in inactivating endometrium, but may also lead to an impaired ovarian function and to a premature menopause. PMID- 3477987 TI - Progesterone support of the luteal phase in in vitro fertilization program--a hazard? AB - To study the effect of progesterone support of the luteal phase in a stimulated cycle a subgroup of our IVF patients was treated with progesterone vaginal suppositoria. The treatment was initiated on the aspiration day. There was no significant difference in the pregnancy or abortion rate between the control group and the gestagen therapy group. However, it seems that progesterone support may increase the pregnancy rate but also the rate of spontaneous abortion. This suggests that the effective and early started progesterone supplementation of the luteal phase may cause the implantation of abnormal nonviable embryos. PMID- 3477988 TI - Modified Pereyra procedure for female stress incontinence. AB - 28 patients were treated with the modified Pereyra procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. In 12 patients this was the primary operative correction of the complaints and resulted in total continence in 10 patients (83%). The other patients had a recurrent stress incontinence which might have contributed to lower success rate of 54% in the total series. Due to less extensive surgery than in suprapubic urethropexy and due to low complication rate we feel that the modified Pereyra procedure is a good alternative as a primary operation for stress urinary incontinence. PMID- 3477989 TI - Abdominal hysterectomy versus supravaginal uterine amputation: psychic factors. AB - In the present study, the psychic complaints after abdominal hysterectomy (n = 105) and supravaginal uterine amputation (n = 107) are investigated. The first author interviewed personally all the subjects preoperatively and 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years postoperatively. The proportion of subjects without psychic symptoms increased from 49.5% to 67.7% in the hysterectomy group (p less than 0.01) and from 53.3% to 76.8% in the amputation group (p less than 0.001). The difference between the groups at 3 years phase was significant (p less than 0.01). From the single symptoms, nervousness or irritability and depression, decreased during the follow-up period significantly in the amputation group but not in the hysterectomy group. The results clearly indicate that the view of an increased risk for depression or other psychic complications after removal of the uterus should be revised. On the other hand, the results support our earlier findings that supravaginal uterine amputation is still an applicable method in benign conditions. PMID- 3477991 TI - Influence of preoperative intracavitary high (Co60, Cathetron) and low dose-rate (radium) irradiation on surgical difficulties and postsurgical morbidity in patients with uterine carcinoma. AB - A study was made to determine whether high dose-rate afterloaded Co60 (Cathetron) can be safely used in preoperative radiotherapy for patients with St. I-II cervical or endometrial cancer without an increase in surgical difficulties or postsurgical morbidity when compared with conventional radium therapy. Seventy five patients with cervical cancer St. Ia-IIb were operated on radically two to three weeks after preoperative intracavitary radiotherapy of which 31 had been treated with the Cathetron and 44 with radium. Furthermore, 144 patients with endometrial cancer St. I-II were also operated on, of which 49 had received Cathetron and 95 radium treatment. No statistical differences were found between the two treatment groups in the duration of the operations, blood loss, or the frequency of early or late postoperative complications. PMID- 3477992 TI - Sexual behaviour and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in teenagers. AB - Four groups of females 19 years of age were studied in order to investigate the sexual factors in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in teenagers. Group A consisted of 101 females treated for CIN, group B of 55 females with inflammatory atypic cytology (Pap cl. II), group C of 73 women with cervical chlamydial infection, and group D of 114 females with normal cervical cytology and negative chlamydial isolation. Subjects in group A had had significantly more deliveries and legal abortions than the subjects in the other groups. They used also more often oral contraception and had been treated more often for vaginal infections than the subjects in the other groups. Coital activities in group A had started at a significantly younger age than in group D; in the latter group 40% had no history of sexual intercourse. Also the numbers of partners and the coital frequency in group A were significantly higher than in group D. Our study provides further evidence for the theory that CIN is, at least partly, a sexually transmitted disease. PMID- 3477993 TI - Psychosomatic factors in gastrointestinal disorders. AB - Gastrointestinal functions such as food intake, propulsive peristalsis, inhibition of reflux, secretion, digestion and defecation are controlled by a complex autonomous neurohumoral system, which is influenced by higher cortical impulses. Life stress may modulate these impulses and in this way cause two types of gastrointestinal reactions. Psychophysiological reactions involve accentuations, inhibition or distortion of the pattern of function of gastrointestinal organs without changes in their structure. Examples of this type of reaction are often painful accentuation of bowel movements in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome, and increased gastric secretion elicited by emotional stress. Psychosomatic reactions lead to morphological changes in the end organ, e.g. activation of peptic ulcer or ulcerative colitis. Psychophysiological reactions may be important in the onset of symptoms in some functional diseases, e.g. in the irritable bowel syndrome. These patients need support from the physician, but specific psychiatric therapy is required only in cases with severe psychopathology, e.g. in patients with anorexia nervosa. The role of psychosomatic reactions in the development of organic gastrointestinal diseases is still unclear, as is the value of specific psychiatric therapy in the treatment of diseases such as peptic ulcer or ulcerative colitis. If this kind of therapy has some effect, it may be directed mainly towards subjective symptoms. PMID- 3477990 TI - Individually modified treatment of invasive squamous cell vulvar cancer: 10-year experience. AB - In 63 patients with invasive vulvar squamous cell cancer treatment was individualized according to patient tolerance: surgery was less mutilating than conventionally, while radio and chemotherapy was given judiciously. The overall 5 year crude survival rate was 43.5%, while the most common treatment (bleomycin, electroexcision and irradiation) had a 5-year survival rate of 55.2%. The rate of complications was low, although most of the patients were of advanced age and had intercurrent diseases. Although the therapy we applied most often yielded moderately satisfactory results it would appear according to the literature that marginal tumor excision accompanied with inguinal lymph node dissection could still improve patient outcome. This strategy could also include predictive testing of sensitivity of the tumors to cytostatics. PMID- 3477994 TI - Psychosocial factors in obesity. AB - Obese people as a group have similar mental health as normal weight people, and there are no psychiatric features characteristic of obesity in general. However, small subgroups of obese individuals may have psychiatric abnormalities which are specific for obesity, such as body image disturbance or periodic compulsive overeating (bulimia). Obesity is strongly related to sociocultural factors. In western countries obesity is commoner in lower than in higher social classes. Thus, the development of obesity is influenced by social status. However, also the converse is true: recent observations suggest that obese people lose social status. This is probably due to prejudice and discrimination against obese persons in the modern western society. PMID- 3477995 TI - [Steroid sulfatase and placental deficiency. Current data as instigators of new research]. AB - Arylsulfate sulfohydrolases, ubiquitously distributed, mediate the hydrolysis of sulfoconjugated steroids found in large amounts in a variety of human tissues and fluids. The sterol sulfate sulfohydrolase (steroid sulfatase), bound to the microsomal fraction, is capable of hydrolyzing natural substrates such as cholesterol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfates. The placenta is the richest source of the enzyme. The physiological interest of this enzymatic activity became apparent when placental steroid sulfatase deficiency was described in pregnancies with strikingly low oestrogen levels in the maternal plasma and urine. This enzymopathy appears to have only a moderate pejorative incidence on the mode of delivery, thus intervention is unnecessary unless dictated by fetal and/or maternal associated pathology. The disorder is transmitted on the X-linked recessive mode of inheritance and affected individuals, all males, present with ichthyoses of the sex-linked type. The gene coding for the steroid sulfatase enzyme has been assigned to the distal part of the X-chromosome in the Xp22.3 Xpter region which is known to escape the inactivation process. The lack of enzymatic activity in the somatic tissues of the patients is followed by an increase of the circulating sulfated steroid levels and by an accumulation of cholesterol sulfate in blood and skin. The modified electrophoretic mobility of the low-density lipoproteins, which might result from the excess of cholesterol sulfate bound to these lipoproteins, is a new diagnostic clue for the enzymopathy. Apart from the modification recognized to be systematically associated to the steroid sulfatase deficiency, numerous cases of hypogonadism and cryptorchidism have been recently described and may be considered as new clinical manifestations of this genetic disorder. Recent cloning of the gene coding for the steroid sulfatase should allow the molecular study of the etiology of this inborn error of metabolism. PMID- 3477996 TI - Aminergic systems in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. AB - Biochemical markers for serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurons in frontal and temporal poles were examined post mortem in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and the two combined. Binding of [3H] citalopram to serotoninergic uptake sites and levels of serotonin were decreased by 40 to 50% in brains of persons in each disease category. In contrast, significant reductions of catecholaminergic markers were not detected. In all three disease groups, the choline acetyltransferase activity was reduced by 50 to 60%. Binding sites for adenosine (A1), muscarinic cholinergic, phencyclidine, beta-adrenergic, and calcium antagonist receptors were unchanged. We conclude that substantial damage to serotoninergic neurons occurs in persons with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. PMID- 3477997 TI - Brain choline acetyltransferase reduction in dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy. AB - We measured the activity of choline acetyltransferase, the cholinergic marker enzyme, in the brains of 17 patients from five established pedigrees with dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). OPCA is a group of cerebellar ataxia disorders in which serious intellectual impairment is not typically considered to be an accompanying feature. Patients from all five pedigrees demonstrated markedly reduced choline acetyltransferase activity in the cerebral cortex, with less severe changes in the hippocampus. Although the magnitude of the cortical choline acetyltransferase deficit is comparable to that seen in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, none of our OPCA patients appeared, on last examination, to have severe global dementia of the Alzheimer type. Determination of the clinical significance of our biochemical data must await the results of studies in which the cognitive status of OPCA individuals has been accurately assessed. PMID- 3477998 TI - Steroid sulfatase activity in a Peptococcus niger strain from the human intestinal microflora. AB - A strictly anaerobic gram-positive coccus, identified as Peptococcus niger, that developed sulfatase activity towards steroid-3-sulfate esters was isolated from human fecal material. This strain desulfated the arylsulfate esters estrone-3 sulfate (100%) and beta-estradiol-3-sulfate (50%); only trace amounts of desulfated estriol-3-sulfate were found. In addition, alkylsulfatase activity was found towards the 3 alpha-sulfates of 5 alpha-androstane-17-one and 5 beta androstane-17-one and towards the 3 beta-sulfates of 5 alpha-androstane-17-one, delta 5-androstene-17-one, 5 alpha-pregnane-20-one, and delta 5-pregnene-20-one, all of which were 100% desulfated. No sulfatase activity was found towards the 17 sulfate esters of beta-estradiol or delta 4-androstene-3-one-17 alpha-ol. The nonsteroid arylsulfate esters paranitrophenyl sulfate, paranitrocatechol sulfate, and phenolphthalein disulfate were desulfated 70, 40, and 40%, respectively. In addition to its sulfatase activity, this strain also developed C-17 oxidoreductase activity towards the estrogens and androsta(e)nes and C-3 oxidoreductase activity towards androsta(e)nes and pregna(e)nes. PMID- 3477999 TI - Phosphorylation in vitro of human fibrinogen with casein kinase TS and characterization of phosphorylated sites. AB - Human fibrinogen was phosphorylated by casein kinase TS. The [32P]phosphate incorporated varied between 0.5 and 1 mol of phosphate per mole of fibrinogen. The phosphate was localized to Ser523 and Ser590 and serine and threonine residues between amino acids 259 and 268 in the A alpha-chain. In addition, Thr416 and Ser420 were phosphorylated in the gamma'-chain, which is a variant of the gamma-chain, constituting 7-10% of the gamma-chain population. The functional significance of casein kinase TS-induced phosphorylation of fibrinogen remains unknown; however, a slight but consistent increase of the turbidity in a gelation assay was observed for phosphorylated compared to unphosphorylated fibrinogen. PMID- 3478000 TI - Homo- and heterodimer formation with prothrombin and prothrombin fragment 1 in the presence of calcium ions. AB - The purpose of the current study is to present further evidence for prothrombin self-association as assessed by chemical crosslinking. When the self-association (evaluated by covalent crosslinking with dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) of prothrombin or fragment 1 was evaluated at the same molar concentration of protein, similar rates of dimer formation were observed for either protein. When prothrombin and fragment 1 were incubated together with the crosslinking reagent and calcium ions, a heterodimer consisting of prothrombin and fragment 1 was observed in addition to prothrombin dimer and fragment 1 dimer. Similar experiments with prethrombin 1 showed neither significant self-association nor effect on prothrombin self-association. Comparison of the formation of prothrombin fragment 1 heterodimer formation with the effect of fragment 1 on prothrombin activation by factor Xa suggests that the anticoagulant activity of fragment 1 is not solely a result of the formation of a heterodimer between prothrombin and fragment 1. PMID- 3478001 TI - Purification of xanthine dehydrogenase from rat liver: a rapid procedure with high enzyme yields. AB - Xanthine dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.37) was purified approximately 1000-fold from liver homogenates of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Enzyme recovery was good (greater than 20% of the starting activity was obtained), and the homogeneously pure enzyme had a molecular mass of approximately 300,000 Da. The purified protein exhibited a specific activity of 2470 units/mg protein and spectral properties identical to those of the best preparations of this enzyme reported by other investigators. Routine preparations of this enzyme also possess higher dehydrogenase:oxidase ratios (typically between 5 and 6) than do other xanthine dehydrogenase preparations so far reported in the literature. Maximum dehydrogenase:oxidase ratios, greater than 10, could be obtained from this procedure if only peak dehydrogenase fractions from the chromatography columns were saved. The present small-scale purification method, which can be completed in 48-60 h, utilizes ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, Blue Dextran-Sepharose column chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3478002 TI - [A case of Ewing's sarcoma treated successfully by combination chemotherapy consisting of high-dose methotrexate, aclacinomycin-A and vindesine]. AB - A 22-year-old man was admitted to Kyushu University Hospital because of high fever, and pain in the right foot and back. An X-ray examination revealed an osteolytic lesion on the 5th metatarsal bone of the right foot. Paraplegia and disturbance of bladder function occurred and compression of the spinal cord between T3 and L5 was found by myelography. An extradural tumor was removed by emergent laminectomy, and a histological examination of the tumor showed aggregations of small round cells, which suggested Ewing's sarcoma. Although T-9 protocol was started with initial effect, the tumor recurred during the therapy. The patient was then treated with HD-MTX, ACR and VDS, which induced a clinical improvement for 4 months without maintenance therapy. This result showed that HD MTX, ACR and VDS warrant further consideration for the treatment of refractory Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 3478003 TI - [Cytarabine]. AB - Cytarabine (ara-C) is the first line agent with its excellent activity for acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination therapy of MFC (mitomycin C, 5-FU, ara-C) has been used for GI tract cancer with a synergistic effect on L-1210 mouse leukemia. In the results of research on the administration, a high dose ara-C is an effective agent in the refractory cases to the standard dose ara-C and the combination with daunorubicin is applied to a remission consolidation therapy. A small dose ara-C is used against an atypical leukemia with its mechanism of induction of differenciation. On the other hand, in the development of its derivertive compounds ancitabine or enocitabine (BH-AC) were induced to a treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. Especially BH-AC is the first choice agent for acute myelogenous leukemia combined with other agents. PMID- 3478004 TI - The use of mebendazole in the treatment of filariases due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans. AB - Patients harbouring Loa loa and/or Mansonella perstans infections, or presenting typical filarial symptomatology, were treated with mebendazole, a drug shown to be efficient in other parasitoses. Of the patients who took the drug during 21 days and provided regular blood samples, 84% showed a significant decrease in their L. loa microfilaraemia and 100% in their M. perstans microfilaraemia, with a concomitant improvement in the clinical manifestations and no side reaction to drug administration. Additionally, the long-lasting effect of the drug (up to day 200 in some cases) may suggest a positive action on the adult worm. Mebendazole may consequently be regarded as a safer alternative to diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of these two parasitoses. PMID- 3478006 TI - [Electron microscopic detection of the proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix in osteogenic sarcomas]. AB - Electron-microscopic studies in which Alcian blue was used to demonstrate proteoglycans (PG) revealed a predominance of largely undifferentiated tumor cells in two of the osteosarcomas examined; the extracellular matrix of these tumors had few PG-containing structures. Other osteosarcomas, where cells of the osteoblastic type prevailed, were found to possess PG granules on the cell surface and a rough PG network in the pericellular space. In a parosteal osteosarcoma, which contained strongly elongated fibroblast-like cells, PG formed a fine mesh both in the pericellular space and throughout the extracellular matrix. A correlation therefore exists between the ultrastructure of the PG component in the extracellular matrix of osteogenic sarcomas and the degree and direction of tumor cell differentiation. PMID- 3478005 TI - Serologic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus infection by Western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. AB - The Western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) appear to be the most specific tests available for the detection of antibodies directed against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An investigation of 678 HIV-seropositive samples from 518 patients by the Western blot assay indicates that the majority of patients who have been exposed to HIV exhibit antibodies directed against glycoprotein (gp) 41. The HIV-seropositive samples were categorized into four groups according to their Western blot antibody reactive patterns. Group 1 had evidence of reactivities directed against protein (p) 24 and gp41; group 2 had reactivity to gp41 and no reactivity to p24; group 3 had reactivity to p24 and p55 and no reactivity to gp41; and group 4 had an isolated p24 reactivity. The RIPA revealed antibody reactivities directed against HIV envelope proteins (gp 160, gp 120, and gp41) in 91 of 95 samples that were tested. No HIV antibody reactivities were detected by RIPA in four samples from group 4. Specimens exhibiting an isolated antibody reactivity directed against p24 by Western blot analysis should have further evaluation before being labeled as indicative of HIV exposure. A western blot study on a subsequent sequential sample or another confirmatory assay, such as the RIPA, should be performed to identify antibodies directed against HIV envelope components. PMID- 3478007 TI - Biochemical and physical alterations of bones in newborn rats due to excess methionine administered either by gastric intubation or by maternal milk. AB - In one series of experiments, methionine dissolved in physiological saline solution was gastric-intubated into newborn rats every other day from 3 to 13 days after birth. In a second series, diets supplemented with methionine were fed daily to lactating dams from one day after birth of the pups. Pups were killed 15 days after birth and the mandible and long bones removed. The weight and 45Ca uptake of long bone of the groups receiving 0.1 g/100 g body weight of methionine were increased compared with either the group receiving no methionine supplement or that given 0.2 g/100 g body weight. The bone effects of high levels of methionine in the maternal diet were more severe than after intragastric administration. Dietary methionine supplementation during the early growth period is necessary for the normal development of bones in newborn rats, but excess intragastric methionine impaired long-bone development and altered collagen synthesis in long bones and mandibles. High maternal methionine impaired mandibles and long bones, and led to decreased linear dimensions. PMID- 3478008 TI - Ultrastructure of in-vitro recovery of mineralization capacity of fluorotic enamel matrix in hamster tooth germs pre-exposed to fluoride in organ culture during the secretory phase of amelogenesis. AB - The recovery of mineralization capacity of fluorotic enamel matrix was investigated in 3-day-old hamster first molar tooth germs already pre-exposed in organ culture to 10 parts/10(6) F- for 24 h during the secretory phase. The germs were then cultured for another 24 h in a fresh medium without F-. The unmineralized fluorotic enamel matrix secreted in vitro eventually mineralized in the absence of F- but the orientation of the crystals compared to those in the fluorotic enamel was disturbed, especially in the younger regions of the enamel nearest cervical-loop in which the underlaying fluorotic enamel was most hypermineralized; but least disturbed in the more mature parts of the enamel organ in which the fluorotic enamel was less hypermineralized. The subsequent culture in F(-)-free medium did not abolish or reduce the degree of hypermineralization induced by F- treatment during the initial 24 h of culture. It seems that in vitro the inhibitory effect of F- on enamel matrix mineralization during the secretory phase is completely reversible when the ion is removed from the matrix environment, i.e. F(-)-induced synthesis and secretion of defective enamel matrix is not the cause of the lack of matrix mineralization. The F(-)-induced hypermineralization seems to be irreversible. PMID- 3478009 TI - The induction of odontogenesis in non-dental mesenchyme combined with early murine mandibular arch epithelium. AB - First and second branchial arches were dissected from mouse embryos of 9-13 days gestational age. The epithelial and mesenchymal components were separated after enzymic digestion. Scanning electron microscopy did not reveal a dental lamina along the dental arches before day 12, after which the lamina was formed locally in the incisor and molar regions. There was no epithelial down-growth in the diastema region. Heterotypic recombinations of mandibular arch and second branchial arch tissues showed that early mandibular arch epithelia, before day 12, have odontogenic potential and can elicit the formation of a dental papilla in non-odontogenic, neural-crest-derived mesenchymal cells of the second arch. However, the mandibular mesenchyme must interact with mandibular epithelium in order to have the competence to induce teeth in non-odontogenic epithelium. PMID- 3478010 TI - Cholinesterase activity of lamellated sensory corpuscles in the rat lip. AB - Non-specific cholinesterase (ChE) activity was demonstrated in lamellated sensory corpuscles of the rat lip by light and electron microscopy using Karnovsky and Roots' method. ChE activity was present in the interlamellar spaces between neighbouring lamellae as well as in the peri-axonal space between axon terminals and their adjacent lamellae. Reaction products were also deposited in some caveolae of the lamellar cell plasma membrane, and in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as in the nuclear envelope of lamellar cell bodies. No reaction products were detected within the axon terminals. The findings show that the lamellated corpuscles in the rat lip, like other mechanoreceptors, have intense ChE activity which is probably synthesized in lamellar cells and released into the intercellular spaces. That ChE activity is particularly strong in mechanoreceptors composed of lamellar cells suggests that this enzyme would play an important role in function and/or maintenance of such mechanoreceptive corpuscles. PMID- 3478011 TI - Jaw-opening reflex activity in the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle in man. AB - Jaw-opening reflex excitation and inhibition in this muscle and the anterior digastric were only observed during activation and not when the muscles were relaxed. After electrical stimulation of the palate over the greater palatine nerve, reflex excitation of the lateral pterygoid was observed in all subjects with average latency 19.4 ms. Excitation in the anterior digastric muscle was found in only five of the eight subjects with latency 18.6 ms. Excitation of the jaw-opening muscles occurred during the inhibition of the jaw-closing muscles, and conversely, jaw-closing muscle excitation occurred during a silencing of the jaw-opening muscles. This suggests a central control over the facilitation and inhibition of jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscle activity. PMID- 3478012 TI - Re-attachment of periodontal ligament by collagen in experimentally-induced alveolar bone dehiscence in dogs. AB - Fifty-four bone dehiscences were made in nine dogs by reflecting mucoperiosteal flaps on the labial aspect of lower and upper incisors and premolars and removing alveolar bone. One half of the dehiscences were treated with native enriched collagen solution (ECS) prepared from acid-soluble dog-skin collagen. Six weeks later, histologic sections were prepared from both the ECS-treated and untreated control sites. Re-attachment was promoted by the ECS preparation; there was arrest of epithelial migration apically and formation of new bone and cementum, as well as proliferation of fibrous connective tissue that became attached to the newly-formed cementum. This effect could be due to an influence of ECS on the chemotaxis of connective-tissue cells and to an anti-migratory (barrier) effect on gingival epithelium. PMID- 3478014 TI - Ultrastructure of the relationship between odontoblast processes and nerve fibres in dentinal tubules of rat molar teeth. AB - Serial ultra-thin sections across tubules were analysed three-dimensionally. There was no difficulty in distinguishing nerve fibres and odontoblast processes. In many tubules, a bundle of naked nerve fibres accompanied the odontoblast process for up to 50 microns located in concavities of the surface of the process (type I relationship). No specialized membrane structures between the plasma membrane of nerves and odontoblast process, such as gap junction or membrane thickening similar to that of synapse, were encountered. In a few tubules, the lamellar cytoplasmic processes of the odontoblast extensively enveloped the terminal part of the nerve fibres (type II relationship). This pattern was found in an animal older than the others in which there were lucent tubules and perhaps arose from peripheral sensory stimuli. PMID- 3478013 TI - Protein and mineral changes in bovine enamel during in-vitro demineralization. AB - Mineral distributions with and without a softened surface layer were studied. The molar Ca:P ratio of released material was due to preferential Ca-loss significantly higher from surface-softened enamel than from lesions. The molecular weight (less than 1800) distributions of released proteinaceous matter were similar. The protein release during surface softening contained more large peptides, whereas its amino-acid composition was more acidic amino acids compared with lesion formation. The protein content of released material during demineralization, acetic acid-soluble protein (at pH 4.5) and total protein of sound enamel showed that (i) enamel proteins were partially soluble in an acetic acid-buffer under mild acidic conditions and (ii) enamel proteins soluble in acetic acid-solution were partially released during demineralization. It is postulated that during enamel demineralization the dissolution of acid-soluble proteinaceous matter and its partial adsorption on newly-created sites of partially-dissolved crystals may explain the partial release of acid-soluble proteins. In case of lesion formation on the other hand new adsorption sites on new crystal surfaces formed in the surface layer are formed as well, which may account for the differences in mol.wt distribution and amino-acid composition. PMID- 3478015 TI - The force-velocity relation of the rabbit digastric muscle. AB - In 30 animals, the digastric was made to pull actively against a slide loaded by a servo-controlled linear motor. Force and velocity were recorded at the end of active shortening to the in-situ (jaw-closed) muscle length. Passive and active force-length relations were also determined in 17 of the rabbits. The empirical force-velocity data were fitted to a hyperbolic equation. The average speed of muscle shortening at zero load was 14.67 cm/s. Mean maximum isometric force at in situ length (P0) was 1267 g, and the mean ratio a/P0 was 0.18. The average time to-peak twitch tension was 31.8 ms under isometric conditions. In-situ muscle belly length was about 3 per cent less than optimum length for isometric force. Maximum muscle force was positively correlated with animal size, but maximum velocity showed no relation to force or length. The estimated maximum speed of sarcomere shortening was 26 micron/s, which is slightly slower than in fast limb muscles of the cat, and may indicate the presence of both histochemical type I and II fibres. The isometric force after shortening had ceased was less than P0, and was correlated with the velocity during shortening. This depression of isometric force may result from an alteration of the excitation-coupling system during activation. These observations suggest a role for the digastric in the rapid acceleration and deceleration of the mandible near the jaw-closed position during opening and closing. PMID- 3478017 TI - A hypothetical model of genetic control of tooth-crown growth in man. AB - Twins and families were investigated to obtain information about inheritance of tooth-crown size. Sixty twin pairs and 100 families were examined using four methods of estimation. The results suggest genetically controlled interactions between tooth germs during their formation. A hypothetical model of odontogenesis is presented. PMID- 3478016 TI - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of simultaneous odontoblast exocytosis and endocytosis in human permanent teeth. AB - Replica preparations of dental pulp revealed membrane specializations indicating both exocytosis and endocytosis in the apical part of the odontoblast cell body and the proximal part of the odontoblast process. In tangential fractures, the plasmalemma exhibited protruding spheroids, considered to be the final stage in exocytosis. Other stages observed were plasmalemmal elevations covering underlying vesicles and surrounded by particle-free zones and fusion between vesicles and the cell membrane. Features indicative of endocytosis were plasmalemma studded patchwise with small circular craters 60-70 nm in diameter, often in association with intramembranous particles, and clusters of particles, probably constituting the sites of initiation of endocytotic vesicles in the plasmalemma. PMID- 3478018 TI - A histological study of the chronology of initial mineralization in the human deciduous dentition. AB - Accurate dating of initial mineralization in the dentition was derived from fetuses aged according to the maternal history, assessment of gestational age by obstetricians, paediatricians and pathologists, histological evaluation of their cerebellar and renal development, and accurate measurements of crown-rump length, skull circumference, brain and body weight. Serial sections of the jaws of 121 fetuses ranging from 10 to 26 weeks post-menstrual age first showed mineralized dentine in the deciduous central incisor at 15-19 weeks, in the lateral incisor at 16-21 weeks, in the canine at 19-22 weeks, in the deciduous first molar at 16 19 weeks and in the second molar at 20-22 weeks. These age ranges differ from those for initial mineralization common in textbooks, particularly for the molars. PMID- 3478019 TI - The effect of arginine on in-vitro acid production by the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans 10449 in various concentrations of glucose. AB - Acid production was measured both with constant pH and with the pH being allowed to fall. Under both conditions 10 mM arginine reduced it. There was also evidence that arginine reduced the rate of uptake of glucose by the bacterium. Thus arginine may affect the rate of glucose transport or catabolism by Strep. mutans 10449, and has more than a simple buffering effect on these cultures. PMID- 3478020 TI - In-vitro urea-dependent pH-changes by human salivary bacteria and dispersed, artificial-mouth, bacterial plaques. AB - The pH effects of urea metabolism were studied in washed salivary-sediment bacteria from subjects that had up to 10-fold variation in oral ureolytic activity, and in dispersed artificial-mouth plaques. Adequate evaluation required analysis of the [OH-] as well as the pH curve. An initial constant rate of pH change, lasting until pH 7.8, was derived from the pH curve; this gave the best correlation (r = 0.95) with the ureolysis rate. From the [OH-]-curve, between pH 7.8 and 8.3 (approx.), a constant and maximal rate of change in [OH-] was determined. Although theoretically this was directly related to the rate of ammonia release, it was 10(-2) to 10(-3) times its value and correlated less well (r = 0.83) with ureolysis. Together with the initial and final pH, these two rates largely described urea-induced pH changes. After 12.5-fold dilution of the cells, changes in the pH curve were minor. Although the rate of ureolytic ammonia release was proportional to cell-protein concentration, the reduction in ureolytic activity was compensated by a corresponding reduction in cell pH buffering. Consequently, in order to relate pH and [OH-] changes to ureolysis, it was necessary to control, or correct for, variations in the cell mass present. Buffering capacity in plaques was greater than in sediments. The 10-fold range in oral ureolytic activity by salivary bacteria gave a 10-20-fold range in base changes. PMID- 3478021 TI - A comparison of monopolar and bipolar electrical stimuli and thermal stimuli in determining the vitality of autotransplanted human teeth. AB - Of 33 autotransplanted maxillary canines, 13 responded to cathodal monopolar stimuli, 15 to bipolar stimuli and nine to a cold stimulus. Responses returned between seven weeks and 26 months after transplantation and indicated that the coronal pulp was reinnervated. There was no evidence that comparison of monopolar and bipolar stimulation might distinguish between the vitality of the coronal and radicular pulp, probably because monopolar stimuli did not excite nerves within the root. The thresholds to both forms of electrical stimulation were raised; the bipolar threshold was significantly higher than the monopolar. No transplanted teeth which responded to a cold stimulus did not also respond to an electrical stimulus. PMID- 3478022 TI - Calcium and phosphate in human dental plaque and their concentrations after overnight fasting and after ingestion of a boiled sweet. AB - The concentrations of ionized and total Ca inorganic and total phosphate were determined in the same pooled samples of fluid separated from 24 h plaque collected from volunteers at least 1 h after a mid-morning snack. About half the total concentration of Ca was ionized (1.53 mM, SD 0.73, n = 36). The mean total Ca concentration (2.88 mM, SD = 0.89, n = 34) was about half that reported previously. The inorganic phosphate was in the range reported previously and comprised about 80 per cent of the total pool of soluble phosphate. A small but significant pool of organic phosphate comprised about 20 per cent of the total phosphate. There were no differences in any of these measurements between plaque fluid samples pooled from upper buccal posterior teeth and from other sites. The product ([Ca ion] X [inorganic phosphate]) in plaque fluid greatly exceeded saturation levels with respect to potential solid phases present at the enamel surface. Five adults provided overnight-fasted dental plaque for one year to examine the effects of ingesting a boiled sweet on the plaque Ca and phosphate when collected 15 min later. There were no significant differences between fasting control and post-sweet levels of plaque-fluid Ca (ionized and total) and phosphate (inorganic and total). In the post-sweet residue, there were lower total phosphate but not Ca concentrations; the variability in these measurements may explain the unexpected depletion of the organic pool of phosphate in the residue. PMID- 3478023 TI - The effect of heat-stable extract from bovine sublingual salivary glands on the carbohydrate metabolism of the rabbit. AB - This extract (SLF3) caused hyperglycaemia when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into rabbits (20 mg/kg body wt) which was maximal at 0.5 h and took 2 h to return to the initial value. SLF3 also produced a two-fold increase in corticosteroid levels compared to controls, so the increase in blood glucose was probably mediated by adrenal cortical hormone stimulation. PMID- 3478024 TI - An in-vitro comparison of human fibroblasts from normal and oral submucous fibrosis tissue. AB - Fibroblasts cultured in vitro from normal buccal tissue and from tissue from oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) associated with betel-nut chewing showed no significant difference in their rates of proliferation in culture, nor in the rate at which they hydrolysed the betel nut alkaloid arecoline to arecaidine. Basal rates of collagen synthesis were slightly higher in the OSF cells but, on addition of arecoline, the rate of collagen synthesis in normal and OSF cells was stimulated to the same level. PMID- 3478025 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of secretory granules of submandibular and parotid salivary glands of man. AB - Morphological variation among secretory granules of the same type of cell was found in the acini, intercalary and striated ducts, and collecting-ducts, and was greatest in serous and intercalary-duct cells. Secretory granules of monopartite and bipartite structure were seen in all these cell types; tripartite forms were seen in serous and intercalary-duct cells. A possible explanation for the variation is that one type of cell may be able to produce a range of secretory products and package them variously into secretory granules, thus creating different appearances. PMID- 3478027 TI - In-vitro mechanics of intrusive loading in porcine cheek teeth with intact and perforated root apices. AB - Cyclic intrusive loads were applied to deciduous cheek teeth and monitored by radiography in dissected mandibles in three successive states: (A) intact, (B) vertically bisected in a bucco-lingual plane, (C) with perforation of the apices by lateral drilling of the mandible subsequent to (B). Loading was in a compression cage in an Instron mechanical testing-machine utilizing cross-head speeds of 0.5 and 5 mm/min, leading to loading rates of approximately 2 and approximately 20 N/s. Peak loads were approximately 100 N, causing an intrusion of approximately 200 microns. Load/recovery curves for each tooth in the three states were recorded and the data treated assuming: (a) a simple shear on the periodontal ligament, (b) tensile loading on the fibres of the collagen fraction of the ligament alone. Treatment (b) gave the best agreement with published mechanical data on isolated mammalian periodontal ligament. The small effect of apicectomy on the mechanical behaviour indicates that a mobile fluid-like support mechanism is unlikely to operate for major loads in vitro and tensile support by the collagen fibres of the periodontal ligament is the most likely dominant mechanism. PMID- 3478026 TI - Growth direction in the mandibular condyle of pre-pubertal and pubertal monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) studied by morphometry and radioautography. AB - Eight male monkeys with prepubertal or pubertal skeletal maturity were used to assess age-related changes in anterior-posterior gradients of parameters which characterize growth velocity. The animals received single intravenous doses of 1 mCi/kg body weight of [3H]-proline at 24 h, and of 0.5 mCi/kg body weight [3H] thymidine, 3 h before death. Four perichondral and chondral layers, and the subchondral zone of erosion of each condyle, were analysed morphometrically and radioautographically at 12 sampling sites distributed systematically over the joint surface. Values for cell density, cell proliferation, extracellular cartilaginous matrix production, cartilage resorption and subchondral bone formation produced characteristic curves which generally peaked in the central joint region. These peaks did not shift, either in relation to age or growth velocity, suggesting a uniform posterior-superior growth direction. Individual variability in both shape and prominence of the curves usually prevailed over the group effects attributable to skeletal maturity or growth velocity. Thus the gradual age-dependent shift in human condylar growth direction may be revealed only in longitudinal studies and would be masked by pronounced individual variation in cross-sectional studies of small samples. PMID- 3478028 TI - Mercury release, distribution and excretion from subcutaneously implanted conventional and high-copper amalgam powders in the guinea pig. AB - With both types of amalgam there was initial loss of material during healing of the implantation wounds. The rate of Hg release from the healed lesion was estimated by linear regression analysis of the content of implants when removed sequentially over 2 years. There were no significant differences between the amalgams, when expressed in absolute terms or as a percentage of the Hg content of the lesions immediately after healing, probably because gamma 1 (Ag2Hg3) phase breakdown was largely or solely responsible for Hg release with both materials. Hg levels in the blood, liver, renal cortex and faeces were all significantly lower with high-Cu amalgam which might be explained by the interference by Cu with Hg retention. There was no significant difference in urinary Hg excretion by the two groups of animals over the greater part of the study. PMID- 3478029 TI - Microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of subcutaneously implanted conventional and high-copper dental amalgam powders in the guinea pig. AB - With each material, there was only a mild early inflammatory response; particles were taken up by macrophages and giant cells. By 1.5 to 3 months, chronic granulomas had developed. With conventional amalgam, there were early changes in the intracellular material, associated with the rapid degradation of Sn-Hg particles, corresponding to the gamma 2 phase. Thereafter, intracellular particles from both types of amalgam underwent progressive degradation, producing halos of secondary material containing Ag and S. Apart from an initial loss of Cu and Sn from some high-Cu amalgam particles, there were no qualitative differences in the later changes between the two materials, although conventional amalgam particles appeared to degrade faster. With both, vast numbers of fine secondary particles containing Ag and S became widely distributed throughout the lesions and gave rise to macroscopic tattooing of the skin. Secondary material and small degrading primary particles from both types of amalgam were detected in the submandibular lymph nodes where they caused localized staining. PMID- 3478030 TI - Development of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in homografted recombinations of enamel organs and papillary, pulpal and follicular mesenchyme in the mouse. AB - Mandibular first-molar tooth germs were dissected from 16-day-embryo and new-born CD1 mice. By incubation in collagenase they were separated into enamel organ, papilla and follicle. Dental pulp was obtained from mandibular first molars of 3 , 7- and 10-day-old mice. Various combinations of epithelial and mesenchymal tissues were grown for periods up to four weeks in the anterior chamber of the eye of homologous adult male mice. Recombinations of enamel organ and papilla formed teeth with regeneration of the investing layer of follicle and a root related periodontal ligament, but no formation of alveolar bone. Bone only formed in those grafts which also included follicle. Recombinations of enamel organ and pulp produced dysplastic dentine with no enamel formation or proper tooth development. It was impossible, therefore, to assess whether the potential to regenerate an investing layer extends to the pulp later in development. At an earlier stage, however, the papillary mesenchyme has the ability to regenerate investing-layer cells which lack the capacity to form bone. PMID- 3478032 TI - Interstitial fluid pressure in the pulp of the rat incisor. AB - This was measured in inactin-anaesthetized rats, using a cotton-wick technique. Access to the pulp was through an opening produced by repeated shortening of the incisor under anaesthesia. The pressure was subatmospheric and behaved as predicted by Starling's hypothesis. In teeth which had not been opened to the atmosphere, the pressure measured through a hole drilled during the experiment was approx. 300 Pa higher than in the repeatedly shortened teeth, but was still lower than the pressures recorded in teeth of limited eruption. PMID- 3478031 TI - Effects of extracellular products of a presumed gingival pathogen, the bacterium Peptostreptococcus 84H14S, on cultured human fibroblasts and HeLa cells. AB - Culture fluids from this microorganism, fibroblasts and HeLa cells contained potent factors which inhibited thymidine uptake in HeLa cells. The outcome of heating the culture fluid and fractionating it by gel filtration suggested that this was not due to bacterial hyaluronidase activity. Purified peptostreptococcal hyaluronidase and several commercially-available mucopolysaccharidases also did not inhibit thymidine uptake. PMID- 3478033 TI - Duct-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) of minor salivary glands in the monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops. AB - This study reports on the characteristic topographical distribution of DALT within the labial and buccal mucosae of Cercopithecus aethiops. A total of 140 labial and 24 buccal mucosal tissue blocks, originating from 11 animals, were examined light microscopically. All animals revealed DALT in varying numbers of Epon blocks. In C. aethiops, DALT is a comparatively rare phenomenon and appears to develop almost exclusively around MSG duct orifices and along the course of main ducts traversing the subepithelial lamina propria. The location of DALT in C. aethiops, therefore, seems to be anatomically more restricted than in other species (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta) in which DALT has been studied more extensively. PMID- 3478035 TI - The effect of excision of the root apex on the intrusive mobility of anterior teeth in adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Intrusive tooth mobility was recorded on anterior teeth in four adult male animals by linear variable-differential transformers. Reflection of the labial mucosa caused a significant increase in mobility at 4 N when the loading rate was slow (1 N s-1) but not when fast (100 N s-1). No significant additional increase in mobility was recorded after the apices were removed from eight incisors and canines. A further study on five incisors was made in which the displacement at 4 N load was noted half hourly during a control period of 5 or 6 h. Some weeks later, the sequence was repeated but the apices were resected after 3 or 4 h. As there was no increase in mobility for the majority of teeth following apicoectomy and, for two teeth studied in detail where there was an increase, that change was short lived; it seems that compression in the fundus of the socket is not a mechanism of importance in supporting the tooth against small intrusive loads. PMID- 3478034 TI - An improved statistical method for the racial classification of man by means of palatal rugae. AB - A classification of human ruga pattern disclosed interracial differences between six population groups. The conventional statistical procedures of linear and quadratic discriminant function and nearest neighbour-point-method delivered overall correct classification figures of 49.2, 45.3 and 29.1 per cent respectively. The jackknife-classification matrix for the kernel-function method delivered an overall percentage correctly classified of 61.1 per cent with an individual group figure range correctly classified of 37-100 per cent. Although computationally elaborate, this technique has led to new insights into the data compared with parametric methods. PMID- 3478036 TI - Effect of aluminium on mineralization of rat third molar in vitro. AB - Crl: COBS rat third-molar explants were cultured for 12 days in either 0.6 X 10( 2), 4 X 10(-2) or 6 X 10(-2) mM aluminium, or for 12 days with exposure to 13 X 10(-2) mM Al at different 6-day intervals. Total protein, alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorous were measured to evaluate cell viability and the degree of mineralization. Al in concentrations above 4 X 10(-2) mM significantly reduced the Ca and P content of explants cultured for 12 days. Explants exposed to 13 X 10(-2) mM Al for the first 6 days had less Ca and P than those exposed for the last 6 days of culture. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of explants showed no gross abnormalities. PMID- 3478037 TI - The effects of digastric muscle tenotomy on jaw opening in the rabbit. AB - The digastric and geniohyoid muscles of the rabbit both produce jaw-opening torque. Anatomic and biomechanical analysis, and electromyography of normal chewing, are not wholly adequate in determining the roles of these two synergists. Cinematographic and electromyographic records of pellet and carrot chewing were obtained before and after tenotomy of both digastric muscles. After tenotomy, jaw opening occurred more slowly and maximum gape was reduced for both foods. However, the overall frequency of chewing was unchanged, and the jaw muscles did not change their contraction patterns. Changes in opening speed and amount of gape result from loss of functional digastric muscles, not fully compensated for by the synergistic geniohyoids. The changes in opening speed and maximum gape are consistent with a biomechanical analysis which predicts a maximal contribution to jaw-opening torque by the geniohyoid muscle of about 25 per cent at the start of opening, and a substantial reduction of this torque in the course of the opening movement. PMID- 3478038 TI - Long-term effect of loading on the fibroblast population of the periodontal ligament in the rat lower incisor. AB - The number and density of the cells in the tooth-related periodontal ligament (t PDL) were related to the recovery of eruptive potential 2.5 months after load removal. Four left incisors in which eruption returned to normal (group A) and six in which eruption remained grossly impaired after a two-week application of latero-intrusive loads of 18.5 +/- 0.69 (group B) were compared to four control rats with unimpeded eruption. The incisors were demineralized, embedded in paraplast and cut into 6 micron transverse serial sections from which a three dimensional reconstruction of the PDL was made by computerized histomorphometry, and the fibroblast population counted. The t-PDL volumes in controls and in groups A and B reached 1.15, 1.05 and 1.53 mm3, respectively; the estimated number of cells in the same PDL volumes were 2244 X 10(3), 1.659 X 10(3) and 2094 X 10(3) cells, respectively. The mean cell count/segment of PDL and the calculated number of cells/unit of periodontal tissue were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the formerly stressed, lateral periodontium of both experimental groups. In group B, these values were also decreased in the mesial periodontium. PMID- 3478039 TI - Inhibition of human neutrophil phagocytosis and intracellular killing of yeast cells by fluoride. AB - These processes depend upon the catabolism of glucose, which can be inhibited by fluoride (F-). We studied them with a radiolabelling technique using [3H] uridine, which is incorporated into viable yeast cells, but hardly at all into neutrophils and dead or phagocytosed yeast cells. Lysis of neutrophils and treatment of the lysate with [3H]-uridine allowed estimation of intracellular killing of yeast cells. F- inhibited neutrophil phagocytosis and intracellular killing in a dose-related manner. Intracellular killing was significantly more sensitive to environmental F- than was phagocytosis. This effect on phagocytosis was not because of inhibition of opsonization of yeast, nor was it related to an effect on medium Ca2+. PMID- 3478040 TI - Mechanisms of tooth eruption in a computer-generated analysis of functional jaw deformations in man. AB - Two mechanisms that contribute to tooth eruption are proposed from analysis of the human jaws as elastic structures which are deformed intermittently under functional occlusal loads. One possible source of eruptive force is the transient pressure gradient established within each jaw as it is deformed. The second source, suggested by the computer model, is a consequence of the tension placed on periodontal-ligament fibres as individual tooth-sockets are distorted within the deformed jaws. PMID- 3478041 TI - Autoradiographic evaluation of circadian periodicity in cell proliferation in the periodontal ligament of the young mouse. AB - Five-week-old BNL male mice were maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle, subcutaneously injected with [3H]-thymidine 1 h before death and killed every 3 h for 24 h. Autoradiographs were made from demineralized, paraffin-wax embedded sagittal sections of maxillae. The labelling index was calculated for fibroblast like cells of the periodontal ligament mesial to the first molar. A bimodal distribution of labelled cells was seen. Labelling index was highest at 0900 h (light period); a second, lower, peak was seen at 2400 h (dark period). Cell proliferation was significantly increased during the light period. The increased activity during the dark period may represent a superimposed secondary, ultradian, rhythm, differences in periodontal cell subtypes or may be related to the feeding and activity cycle of the mouse. Thus there is a 24-h cyclic rhythmicity in the proliferation of periodontal-ligament cells in the mouse. PMID- 3478043 TI - [Diagnosis of AIDS in postmortem conditions]. PMID- 3478042 TI - Immunohistopathology of ocular sarcoidosis. Report of a case and discussion of immunopathogenesis. AB - An eye from a patient with systemic sarcoidosis and active ocular involvement was studied by the use of monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique to identify the subtypes of infiltrating cells and the presence of lymphokines. Large numbers of lymphoid cells reacting with anti-pan T cell (Leu-4) and anti-T helper/inducer (Leu-3a) subsets were observed around and within sarcoid granulomas. Only rare T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (Leu-2a) were observed. B lymphocytes and plasma cells were present in a few foci. Within the granuloma, T lymphocytes, macrophages, and epithelioid cells showed membrane labeling for interleukin 2 receptors and interferon gamma. We demonstrate the in vivo expression of interleukin 2 receptors and the release of interferon gamma by mononuclear phagocytes and T lymphocytes in ocular sarcoidosis, and we theorize about the activated T helper cell-derived lymphokines in macrophage activation and sarcoid granuloma formation in the eye. PMID- 3478044 TI - [Increasing the sensitivity of Gm determination in blood stains]. PMID- 3478045 TI - Affinity-labelling of the anti-inflammatory drug and prostaglandin-binding site of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver cytosol with 17 beta- and 21 bromoacetoxysteroids. AB - The homogeneous 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver cytosol binds prostaglandins with low micromolar affinity at its active site and is competitively inhibited by the non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [Penning, Mukharji, Barrows & Talalay (1984) Biochem. J. 222, 601-611]. To examine the portion of this binding site that accommodates the glucocorticoid side chain, we have synthesized 17 beta-bromoacetoxy-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (BrDHT) and 21-bromoacetoxydesoxycorticosterone (BrDOC) as affinity-labelling agents. Both these agents promote rapid inactivation of the purified enzyme in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Analyses of the inactivation progress curves gave estimates of Ki for the inactivators and half-life (t1/2) for the enzyme at saturation (tau) as follows: Ki = 33 microM and tau = 18 s for BrDHT, and Ki = 10 microM and tau = 203 s for BrDOC. Under initial-velocity conditions BrDHT and BrDOC act as competitive inhibitors, yielding Ki values identical with those measured in the inactivation experiments. Both indomethacin and prostaglandin E2 can protect the enzyme from inactivation, yielding Ki values for these ligands consistent with those measured independently by competitive inhibition studies. These data confirm that the bromoacetoxysteroids label the active site, which is coincident with the prostaglandin- and anti-inflammatory drug-binding site. Neither gel filtration nor extensive dialysis restores activity to the enzyme inactivated with either affinity-labelling agent. Use of radioactive BrDHT or BrDOC, in which either the steroid portion is labelled with 3H or the bromoacetate portion is labelled with 14C, indicates that inactivation is accompanied by a stoichiometric incorporation of 0.7-1.0 molecules of inhibitor per enzyme monomer. The linkage that forms between the dehydrogenase with either [14C]BrDHT or [14C]BrDOC is stable to acid and base treatment. Complete acid hydrolysis of the enzyme inactivated with [14C]BrDHT, followed by amino acid analyses, indicates that 87% of the radioactivity is eluted with carboxymethylcysteine. An almost identical result is obtained with [14C]BrDOC, where at least 75% of the radioactivity is eluted with this amino acid. Thus BrDHT and BrDOC alkylate at least one reactive cysteine residue at the active site that may be of functional importance in binding the glucocorticoid side chain. PMID- 3478046 TI - Relationship between the inhibitory potencies of thiorphan and retrothiorphan enantiomers on thermolysin and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 and their interactions with the thermolysin active site by computer modelling. AB - The inhibitory potency of separate enantiomers of thiorphan and retrothiorphan has shown that several particularities of the active site of thermolysin are also present in the neutral endopeptidase 24.11, "enkephalinase", such as its ability: i) to recognize a retroamide bond as well as a standard amide bond, ii) to interact similarly with residues in P1' position of either R or S configuration in the thiorphan series but contrastingly to discriminate between the R and S isomers in the retrothiorphan series. These four inhibitors were modellized in the thermolysin active site and their spatial arrangement compared with that of a thiol inhibitor co-crystallized with thermolysin. In all cases, the essential interactions involved in the stabilization of the bound inhibitor were conserved. However, the bound (R) retrothiorphan displayed unfavorable intramolecular contacts, accounting for its lower inhibitory potency for the two metallopeptidases. PMID- 3478047 TI - PGE2 causes a coordinate decrease in the steady state levels of fibronectin and types I and III procollagen mRNAs in normal human dermal fibroblasts. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) caused inhibition of collagen and fibronectin synthesis by confluent cultures of human dermal fibroblasts. Dot-blot hybridization to cDNA probes complementary to Types I and III procollagens and fibronectin demonstrated that inhibition of protein production was accompanied by a coordinate decrease in the steady-state levels of the corresponding mRNAs. Blockade of transcription by actinomycin D demonstrated that PGE2 did not alter the stability of these mRNA. These results indicate that PGE2 is capable of exerting modulation of extracellular matrix biosynthesis, and that these effects occur at a transcriptional level. PMID- 3478048 TI - Extrahepatic sulfation of phenols. Bovine lung and intestinal phenol sulfotransferases. AB - Phenol sulfotransferases (PST) from bovine lung and small intestine were purified about 1000-fold. PST from bovine small intestine, similarly as the bovine lung enzyme, catalyzes sulfation of only exogenous phenols. A single thermostable form of PST, active with high concentrations of phenol (Km = 1.43 mM) was found in the small intestine. The effect of divalent cations on the activity of the two phenol sulfotransferases was determined. The molecular weight of the native enzymes was estimated as about 69,000 and subunit molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis as 35,000. In double immunodiffusion tests the bovine lung PST showed antigenic identity with the bovine small intestine enzyme but complete immunological incompatibility with rat liver sulfotransferase. PMID- 3478049 TI - Kinin and angiotensin metabolism by purified renal post-proline cleaving enzyme. AB - Post-proline cleaving enzyme (PPCE; EC 3.4.21.26) is a proline specific endopeptidase capable of hydrolyzing biologically active peptides. The present studies examined the hydrolysis of kinin- and angiotensin-related peptides by cytosolic PPCE purified from porcine kidney. PPCE hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate Z-Gly-Pro-MCA (30.7 +/- 0.3 mumol . min-1 . mg-1) was competitively inhibited by saralasin, bradykinin, des(Arg9)bradykinin, [Leu8], des(Arg9)bradykinin and angiotensin II (IC50 = 0.5 to 7.0 microM). Qualitative TLC studies demonstrated that each peptide was degraded by hydrolysis on the carboxyl side of proline residues (positions 7 or 8). Quantitative HPLC studies established that peptide degradation was optimal at pH 8.2 to 8.7 and was inhibited by the specific PPCE inhibitor Z-Pro-prolinal (IC50 = 0.8 +/- 0.1 nM). Conversely, degradation was unaffected by inhibitors of aminopeptidases (amastatin), neutral endopeptidase (phosphoramidon), carboxypeptidase N (MERGETPA) or angiotensin I converting enzyme (captopril). Apparent Km values, obtained from Lineweaver-Burk analysis, were comparable for all kinin and angiotensin peptides (Km = 5.5 to 12.8 microM), whereas Vmax values ranged from 1.7 mumol . min-1 . mg-1 for angiotensin II to 0.44 mumol . min-1 . mg-1 for saralasin. These data are consistent with a role for PPCE in the degradation of kinins and angiotensin in vivo. PMID- 3478050 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of enoxacin, a new pyridonecarboxylic acid. AB - The antibacterial activity of enoxacin was determined against 1015 strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mainly freshly isolated from clinical specimens. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC 50-75-90) were determined in comparison to three commonly used antibiotics: ampicillin, cefotaxime and gentamicin. Enoxacin has shown a broad spectrum of action and antibacterial activity in general higher that than of three currently available antibiotics. The antibacterial activity seems similar to that of other quinolones of second generation. PMID- 3478051 TI - The new approach to caries diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3478052 TI - 'Facial fractures in children'. PMID- 3478053 TI - Vicarious analgesia? PMID- 3478055 TI - Orofacial granulomatosis in childhood. PMID- 3478054 TI - The setting of visible-light-cured resins beneath etched porcelain veneers. PMID- 3478056 TI - A study of the effectiveness of dental 2% lignocaine local anaesthetic solution at different pH values. PMID- 3478057 TI - Effect of paraquat on the oral mucosa. PMID- 3478058 TI - A computer-controlled expert system for orthodontic advice. PMID- 3478059 TI - Policy for periodontal care. PMID- 3478060 TI - Alcohol--a balanced view. PMID- 3478061 TI - Born to drink more? PMID- 3478062 TI - A framework for national alcohol programmes in developing countries. PMID- 3478064 TI - Drug education to school children: does it really work? PMID- 3478063 TI - Some reflections on the WHO project on community response to alcohol-related problems. PMID- 3478065 TI - The AAPPQ revisited: the measurement of general practitioners' attitudes to alcohol problems. PMID- 3478066 TI - Type 1 and type 2 alcoholics (Cloninger & Bohman) have different patterns of successful long-term adjustment. PMID- 3478067 TI - A cross-cultural study of alcohol dependence in Singapore. PMID- 3478068 TI - Dose-specific effects of alcohol on the lifespan of mice and the possible relevance to man. PMID- 3478070 TI - AIDS and intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 3478069 TI - Women's drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's. PMID- 3478071 TI - Treatment of drug addicts. PMID- 3478073 TI - Prostaglandins and prognosis in human breast cancer. AB - Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) were measured by gas liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry (glc-ms) in extracts of primary tumours from 78 patients with early breast cancer. These levels have been related to factors of established prognostic value and the patients disease-free interval. Although there was a wide variation in amounts of both prostaglandins extracted from different tumours, no significant relationship was observed between levels of prostaglandins and oestrogen receptors (ER), tumour size, presence of lymph node involvement and disease-free interval following primary treatment. It therefore seems unlikely that the level of these particular prostaglandins within breast carcinomas plays a fundamental role in the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 3478074 TI - Clinical and laboratory features of de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage myelodysplasia. AB - Primary myelodysplastic syndromes progress to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in about 30% of cases. We have sought evidence of pre-existing trilineage myelodysplasia (TMDS) using the FAB criteria (1982) in 160 consecutive cases of primary de novo AML. TMDS was found in 24 cases (15%) including two of 33 cases of M1 (6%), four of 40 cases of M2 (10%), none of 18 cases of M3, five of 31 cases of M4 (15%), six of 30 cases of M5 (20%), all of six cases of M6 and one of two cases of M7. The median presentation bone-marrow blast-cell count in the 24 AML/TMDS cases was 53% (30-90%) and 82% (45-100%) in the 136 cases of AML without TMDS. 60% of the AML/TMDS bone-marrow aspirates contained fewer than 60% of blasts compared with only 11% of those from AML without TMDS (P less than 0.001). In AML the occurrence of symptomatic cytopenias when the marrow blast-cell count is below 60% and the peripheral blood blast-cell count is below 20% is highly correlated with dysplastic haemopoiesis (P less than 0.001). PMID- 3478072 TI - Patterns of multiple primary tumours in patients treated for cancer during childhood. AB - One hundred and sixty one children who have developed more than one primary neoplasm have been identified. Children with tumours of the central nervous system, retinoblastoma and leukaemia were those most frequently observed to develop a second malignancy whilst osteosarcoma was the most common second tumour. The patterns of second neoplasms appear to be changing and a recent increase in the number of children with leukaemia and lymphoma who develop second primary tumours has been observed. In this series, the two most frequent associations of tumours were retinoblastoma followed by osteosarcoma and the combination of acute leukaemia with a tumour of the central nervous system. Genetic factors which may have contributed to the development of the second primary tumour were identified in 53 patients (33%), 33 of whom had the genetic form of retinoblastoma. In an analysis of the treatment of 151 patients, for whom the interval between the two neoplasms was greater than 12 months, the second malignancy was considered to be 'radiation associated' in 93 (61%). Fifty children (33%) had been treated with either single or multiple agent chemotherapy which included an alkylating agent in 38. Forty five children had received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and of these, 10 developed leukaemia as their second tumour. Of the 19 secondary leukaemias, 16 have occurred in patients treated since 1970. PMID- 3478075 TI - Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis in acute leukaemias: its predominance in myelomonocytic (M4) leukaemia and implication for poor response to chemotherapy. AB - Megakaryocytopoiesis was morphologically investigated in 129 adults with de novo acute leukaemia. Three types were identified: type I (84 cases), no detectable megakaryocytes; type II (32 cases), quantitatively preserved megakaryocytes with normal morphology; type III (13 cases); quantitatively preserved megakaryocytes but with distinct dysplastic changes such as micromegakaryocytes and megakaryocytes with multiple small separated nuclei. Type III was found in M1 (one out of 21 cases), M2 (one out of 20 cases). M4 (eight out of 24 cases), M6 (two out of four cases) and hypoplastic leukaemia (one out of 13 cases). M3 cases were all classified into type I. Most of acute lymphoid leukaemia cases (21 cases) belonged to type II. Among AML cases, the complete remission (CR) rate by intensive chemotherapy with daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside was significantly lower in type III (11%) than in types I (87%) and II (71%). Among M4 cases, CR rates in type III (14%) was also significantly lower than those in type I (75%) and II (100%). Thus, the present study indicates the importance of recognizing dysmegakaryocytopoiesis in AML for clarification of the heterogeneous biology or pathophysiology of acute leukaemias and formulation of an appropriate therapeutic strategy. PMID- 3478076 TI - Inhibition of platelet aggregation by myeloid leukaemic cells demonstrated in vitro. AB - The effect of myeloid leukaemic cells, cells of the promyelocytic cell line HL-60 and normal polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), enclosed in dialysis tubes, on the aggregation of allogeneic normal platelets after induction with arachidonic acid (AA) and with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was investigated in vitro. Inhibition of aggregation was seen after preincubation of the platelets with leukaemic blood or bone marrow cells from 7/14 patients belonging to various FAB groups and with HL-60 cells, but not with normal PMN (14/14 cases). A dose dependent inhibition was seen after lysis of some leukaemic cells with anti-human rabbit antiserum and active complement. Lysis of normal PMN inhibited platelet aggregation slightly and inconstantly and only at higher cell concentrations. Platelet inhibitory activity was not related to a higher rate of metabolism of the leukaemic cells which inhibited platelet aggregation since they did not differ from the cells not inhibiting aggregation with respect to heat production. Neither was a non-specifically increased cell membrane permeability the cause of the release of platelet inhibitory factor(s) since the release of 51Cr-labelled leukaemic cells was not related to the inhibition of platelet aggregation. PMID- 3478077 TI - Abnormalities of chromosome 12p13 and malignant proliferation of eosinophils: a nonrandom association. AB - Four patients representing a spectrum of haematological malignancies are reported. Two patients had Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disorders, one had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and one had eosinophilic leukaemia. In each case eosinophilia was present and demonstrated to be part of the malignancy by the association of clonally abnormal metaphases with eosinophil granules. Abnormalities involving the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p13) were a constant feature in all four cases and therefore a nonrandom association between this chromosome region and malignant eosinophil proliferation is proposed. PMID- 3478078 TI - Histological and cytological heterogeneity of bone marrow in Philadelphia positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia at diagnosis. AB - Cytological and histological features of the bone marrow in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) at diagnosis were analysed in a prospective study. Formerly described (Frisch et al, 1984) subtypes GRAN and GRAN/MEG were found, and myelofibrosis and incipient blast crisis could also be detected. A more or less continuous spectrum of number and degree of atypias in megakaryocytes was found. Biopsy and imprint were complementary in making differential diagnosis of both subtypes. Cytologically, type GRAN/MEG was characterized by a mixed proliferation of neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil series, besides proliferation of megakaryocytes. Type GRAN showed a predominantly neutrophilic proliferation. The importance of performing bone marrow analysis in evaluation of CML patients is discussed. PMID- 3478079 TI - Cytogenetic study of myeloid and erythroid colonies in chronic myeloid leukaemia with stable Ph1 mosaicism. AB - We have investigated two chronic myeloid leukaemic (CML) patients with a stable Ph1 mosaicism to see whether the Ph1 positive cells belonged to more than one lineage. Individual erythroid and granulocytic colonies were cytogenetically examined. Ph1-positive and Ph1-negative colonies were found both in the erythroid and granulocytic lineage supporting the contention that CML with a stable Ph1 mosaicism as well as classical CML involves a pluripotent stem cell. PMID- 3478080 TI - Molecular analysis of chromosome 22 breakpoints in adult Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - The Philadelphia (Ph) translocation, t(9:22)(q 34:q11), is found in the majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) as well as in approximately 20% of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. The chromosome 22 breakpoint in CML has been localized within a restricted 5.8 kb segment of DNA known as the breakpoint cluster region (bcr). To investigate the chromosome 22 breakpoint in ALL, we analysed five adult Ph-positive ALL patients for bcr rearrangement. Rearrangement was detected within bcr in two patients. However, in one patient the break occurred 5' to the first exon of bcr and in two patients the bcr region was not involved. We conclude that the identical cytogenetic marker, t(9:22), may yield a different genomic configuration in ALL and CML. PMID- 3478081 TI - The value of CA 125 serum assay in the management of ovarian cancer. Commentary. PMID- 3478082 TI - Direct external pin fixation of maxillary fractures using premaxillary pins. AB - A simple technique for the fixation of maxillary fractures using premaxillary pins is described. Three case reports have been used to illustrate the technique which is recommended when maxillary fractures occur in conjunction with craniofacial or multiple injuries and when conventional methods of fixation are difficult to apply. PMID- 3478083 TI - A study of condylar fractures in Sri Lankan patients with special reference to the recent views on treatment, healing and sequelae. AB - New opinions have emerged from recent investigations into condylar fractures. With these in mind, 219 patients were investigated with regard to clinical and treatment aspects, healing and complications. These injuries comprised 40.2% of the total number of mandibular fractures. The male:female ratio was 3:1. Single fractures of the condyle occurred in 71.7% while the rest were either bilateral or combined with other mandibular fractures. Treatment was largely conservative, early movement being employed in 68.5%. Open reduction was totally avoided. Restitutional healing of the fractured condyle was observed in children but seldom in adults. Complications were found to be minimal. Ankylosis occurred in 1.4% and growth was deficient in two patients. These findings appear to strengthen the older concepts on treatment although the views on healing of condylar fractures, and mandibular growth may have changed in the last decade. PMID- 3478085 TI - An investigation of possible age-related changes in the inferior alveolar artery in man. AB - An histological examination of inferior alveolar arteries removed at post-mortem, from 16 human subjects failed to show significant age-related changes in luminal patency which would lead to narrowing and eventual obliteration of this structure. It is suggested that the artery continues, throughout life, to provide the major internal blood supply to the mandible. PMID- 3478084 TI - Lower blepharoplasty post-orbicularis approach to the orbit--a prospective study. AB - Fifty patients (55 incisions) requiring exploration for repair of zygomatico orbital trauma were admitted to a prospective study using a uniform and standardised technique for the approach to the orbital rim and floor--the lower blepharoplasty incision combined with a post-orbicularis dissection. A post operative 'Frost suture' was used in the majority of cases. The incidence of post operative ectropion is compared to the incidence noted in a previous retrospective study (Pospisil & Fernando, 1984) and factors relating to the occurrence of ectropion are discussed. PMID- 3478086 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma in the mandible--a case report. AB - Burkitt's lymphoma is a tumour that most often affects the jaws, especially in endemic areas of Africa. In non-endemic areas, the jaws are affected in about 15 18% of cases. A case is presented which demonstrates the significance of jaw lesions in the disease. The history and pathogenesis of the disease also are discussed. PMID- 3478087 TI - Fibromyxomas of the jawbones--a study of ten cases. AB - Ten cases of fibromyxoma of the jawbones are presented. The literature is reviewed and the age and sex incidences, clinical presentation, difficulty of diagnosis and management of this tumour are discussed. PMID- 3478088 TI - Neuroblastoma presenting as mandibular swelling in a two-year-old girl--a short case report. AB - A case of neuroblastoma first presenting as a mandibular swelling, is described. The more recent aspects of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these lesions are discussed. PMID- 3478090 TI - An additional use for the Champy plate in maxillary osteotomy. PMID- 3478089 TI - Primary intraosseous carcinoma involving the anterior mandible. AB - A case is reported of a primary intraosseous carcinoma arising in the anterior mandible with metastasis to the submandibular lymph node in a 69 year-old Caucasian female. The patient initially presented with a burning sensation in the oral cavity in 1983, when no obvious pathological finding was noted; she returned 2 years later with a firm buccal swelling which had increased in size after the extraction of a mobile tooth. The tumour proved to be a primary intraosseous intraosseous carcinoma; extensive investigation did not reveal a primary carcinoma elsewhere. PMID- 3478091 TI - Evidence for an essential histidine in neutral endopeptidase 24.11. AB - Rat kidney neutral endopeptidase 24.11, "enkephalinase", was rapidly inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate under mildly acidic conditions. The pH dependence of inactivation revealed the modification of an essential residue with a pKa of 6.1. The reaction of the unprotonated group with diethyl pyrocarbonate exhibited a second-order rate constant of 11.6 M-1 s-1 and was accompanied by an increase in absorbance at 240 nm. Treatment of the inactivated enzyme with 50 mM hydroxylamine completely restored enzyme activity. These findings indicate histidine modification by diethyl pyrocarbonate. Comparison of the rate of inactivation with the increase in absorbance at 240 nm revealed a single histidine residue essential for catalysis. The presence of this histidine at the active site was indicated by (a) the protection of enzyme from inactivation provided by substrate and (b) the protection by the specific inhibitor phosphoramidon of one histidine residue from modification as determined spectrally. The dependence of the kinetic parameter Vmax/Km upon pH revealed two essential residues with pKa values of 5.9 and 7.3. It is proposed that the residue having a kinetic pKa of 5.9 is the histidine modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate and that this residue participates in general acid/base catalysis during substrate hydrolysis by neutral endopeptidase 24.11. PMID- 3478092 TI - Structure and proteolysis of the growth hormone receptor on rat hepatocytes. AB - 125I-Labeled human growth hormone is isolated in high molecular weight (Mr) (300,000, 220,000, and 130,000) and low molecular weight complexes on rat hepatocytes after affinity labeling. The time-dependent formation of low molecular weight complexes occurred at the expense of the higher molecular weight species and was inhibited by low temperature or inhibitors of serine proteinases. Exposure to reducing conditions induced loss of Mr 300,000 and 220,000 species and augmented the amount of Mr 130,000 complexes. The molecular weight of growth hormone (22,000) suggests that binding had occurred with species of Mr 280,000, 200,000, and 100,000. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the 100,000-dalton receptor subunit is contained in both the 280,000- and 200,000 dalton species. Reduction of interchain disulfide bonds in the growth hormone receptor did not alter its elution from gel filtration columns, but intact, high molecular weight receptor constituents were separated from lower molecular weight degradation products. Digestion of affinity-labeled growth hormone-receptor complexes with neuraminidase increased the mobility of receptor constituents on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These observations show that the growth hormone receptor is degraded by hepatic serine proteinases to low molecular weight degradation products which can be separated from intact receptor by gel filtration. Intact hormone-receptor complexes are aggregates of 100,000-dalton sialoglycoprotein subunits held together by interchain disulfide bonds and by noncovalent forces. PMID- 3478093 TI - Role of substrate in determining the phospholipid specificity of protein kinase C activation. AB - The phospholipid selectivity of protein kinase C (PKC) activation was examined by using two substrates, histone and a random copolymer of lysine and serine [poly(lysine, serine)] (PLS), plus phospholipids provided as vesicles or as Triton-mixed micelle preparations. The results indicated that substrate phospholipid interaction was an essential component of PKC activation and that many in vitro properties of PKC activation are attributable to this interaction. The substrate histone interacted with phospholipid-Triton mixed micelles containing phosphatidylserine (PS), but not with those containing phosphatidylinositol (PI) or phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In direct correlation, only PS-Triton mixed micelles were effective in supporting PKC activity. Also, the minimum PS composition (4 mol % in Triton) required to induce significant histone-PS interaction coincided with the minimum composition required for phosphorylation of histones. Moreover, the PS composition required for maximum activity varied with the histone concentration of the reaction. In contrast to histone, PLS interacted with phospholipid-Triton mixed micelles containing either PS, PI, or PG, and all these mixed micelles supported the phosphorylation of PLS. In fact, by selection of appropriate experimental conditions (e.g., concentration of substrate and phospholipid), any of the three mixed micelles could appear the most effective in supporting PKC activity. Phospholipid vesicles containing PS, PG, or PI were found to interact with both histone and PLS and to support the activity of PKC. Physical properties of the solution and conditions used for preparation of phospholipid vesicles had considerable influence on PKC activation. At high phospholipid concentrations, vesicles containing PS, PI, or PG supported the activity of PKC to essentially the same level, provided that the physical differences among the phospholipid vesicles were minimized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478094 TI - [Interaction of prostaglandin E2 with human serum albumin]. AB - Using equilibrium dialysis, protein fluorescence and fluorescent probing as well as chemical modification, the interaction of prostaglandin E2 with human serum albumin was studied. The serum albumin molecule has a highly specific prostaglandin E2-binding site. The binding of prostaglandin causes conformational rearrangements in the protein molecule. The amino group of serum albumin is involved in the interaction with prostaglandin E2. Prolonged exposure of prostaglandin E2 to serum albumin causes partial irreversible binding of prostaglandin molecules to the protein. PMID- 3478095 TI - [Metabolism and various properties of proteinase controlling catalase metabolism in rat liver mitochondria]. AB - The Mg,ATP-dependent serine proteinase (Mr = 50 kD; pH optimum 8.0) was isolated and purified 750-fold. The substrate specificity of the enzyme to some protein substrates (catalase, aldolase, uratoxidase, superoxide dismutase, albumin, cytochrome c, insulin) was investigated. The proteinase shows an affinity for proteins whose molecular mass is more than 100 kD. Some quantitative parameters of the enzyme metabolism, e.g., rate constants for synthesis and degradation of serine proteinase and the time of functioning of the de novo synthesized protein, were investigated. PMID- 3478096 TI - [Kinetics of thermoinactivation of intracellular cholesterol oxidase]. AB - It was shown that thermoinactivation of cholesterol oxidase in solution obeys the first order kinetics. The inactivation rate constants do not depend on concentrations of the enzyme, serum albumin and nonionic detergent Tween-80 and increase with a rise in ionic strength of the buffer solution and NaCl. Thermoinactivation is accompanied by a hypsochromic shift of the absorption maxima both in the short- and long-wave regions of the enzyme UV spectrum. It is assumed that the observed inactivation is due to conformational changes in the protein molecule which cause the loosening of its binding to the cofactor as well as the split-off of the latter. The value of activation energy for this process is 255 kJ/mol. PMID- 3478097 TI - Relationship of clinical factors to caloric requirements in subtypes of eating disorders. AB - Caloric requirements for weight gain in subgroups of anorectic patients (anorectic restrictors, anorectic binge-purgers) and weight maintenance in subgroups of anorectic and bulimic patients (bulimics with and without a prior history of anorexia nervosa) were studied in a total of 36 patients. No significant differences were found between subgroups of anorectic patients either in calories to gain weight or to maintain a normal weight. Bulimic patients, as a group, were found to require significantly fewer [corrected] calories than the group of anorectic patients to maintain a normal weight. Bulimic patients with a prior history of anorexia nervosa were found to require more calories for weight maintenance than bulimics with no such prior history. In the entire eating disorder population, there was a significant negative correlation between highest premorbid body mass index (BMI) and calories required to maintain weight. These findings suggest that differences in energy metabolism may be present in the eating disorder subgroups. PMID- 3478098 TI - [Effect of activating adrenoreactive structures with noradrenaline on the hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin F2alpha]. AB - Cardiovascular effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha were studied upon noradrenaline (NA) injection. The injection of PGF2 alpha alone to control dogs reduced systolic volume and cardiac output, increased total peripheral resistance, and elevated the arterial and venous pressures. When NA was pre-injected, the effect of PGF2 alpha on hemodynamic values was reversed. PMID- 3478100 TI - Evidence for a multipotential stem cell disease in some childhood Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Children with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a poorer prognosis than do most pediatric patients with ALL. Because of this poor prognosis and the presence of the Ph chromosome, we have asked whether or not Ph + ALL involves a multipotential stem cell. We cultured hematopoietic progenitors from two children with Ph+ ALL and examined individual BFU-E and CFU GM colonies for the Ph chromosome. We studied cells from two patients after 18 to 34 months of first complete clinical remission; direct cytogenetic analyses showed 26% and 13% Ph+ metaphases in these patients' marrow cells. BFU-E colonies were obtained from light density marrow cells cultured in methylcellulose supplemented with erythropoietin and CFU-GM colonies from agar or methylcellulose cultures stimulated with leukocyte feeder layers. Fifty-seven G-banded metaphases were recovered from 33 colonies. Ten metaphases from seven colonies were Ph+. Ph+ metaphases were found in three of 12 and three of five BFU-E colonies from the two patients. One of 16 CFU-GM colonies from one patient had the Ph+ chromosome; analyzable metaphases were not obtained from CFU-GM of the other patient. No colonies contained both Ph+ and Ph- cells. These results indicate that Ph+ ALL with persistence of Ph+ cells in remission involves a multipotential stem cell for erythroid and granulocyte/macrophage as well as lymphoid lineages. Multipotential stem cell involvement in the pathogenesis of some childhood Ph+ ALL suggests similarities to Ph+ chronic myelocytic leukemia and may contribute to the poor prognosis of these patients. PMID- 3478099 TI - Association of a chromosomal 3;21 translocation with the blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - An identical reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 3 and 21 with breakpoints in bands 3q26 and 21q22, t(3;21)(q26;q22), was found in three male patients with the blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The abnormality was clonal in all three patients and was always accompanied by either a standard or variant 9;22 translocation resulting in a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). In two cases, the t(3;21) was the only abnormality other than a t(9;22) in the primary clone. Serial studies of one patient demonstrated that the t(3;21) occurred as a result of clonal evolution near the time of development of the blast phase. We have not observed the t(3;21) in greater than 500 patients with CML in the chronic phase. Thus, the t(3;21) is a new recurring cytogenetic abnormality associated with the blast phase of CML. PMID- 3478101 TI - Residual juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia cells detected in peripheral blood during clinical remission. AB - At diagnosis peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow from patients with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) have shown two reproducible abnormalities when studied in cell culture: impaired growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors and excessive proliferation of malignant monocyte-macrophage elements. We used these findings to assess quality of treatment response by serially studying PB specimens from four JCML patients (patients 5, 7, 8, and 9) in complete chemotherapy-induced remission. PB readily yielded high numbers of monocyte macrophage colonies in CFU-C and CFU-GEMM assays when cultured in early remission, and the colonies were cytogenetically proven to have arisen from a malignant clone in patient 9. When studied later in remission, the abnormal cell proliferation persisted in three of the four patients, but in patient 8 PB colony growth resembled controls. Similarly, when PB from patient 8 was studied in liquid culture without using added growth factor, cell proliferation declined identical to controls, whereas PB from the other three patients showed exuberant growth of monocyte-macrophage elements. Patient 8 successfully completed therapy and has been in a long-term, disease-free remission. The other three had recurrent, ultimately fatal disease. The cell cultures have allowed detection of residual abnormal cells that circulate in PB of JCML patients in remission. Although patient numbers were small because of the rarity of JCML, the data suggested that persistence of leukemia cells in these patients had a bearing on clinical outcome. PMID- 3478102 TI - Limiting-dilution analysis for the determination of leukemic cell frequencies after bone marrow decontamination with mafosfamide or merocyanine 540. AB - To stimulate a leukemia remission marrow, cell suspensions of normal human bone marrow were mixed with human acute lymphoblastic or myelogenous leukemic cells of the CCRF-SF, Nalm-6, and K-562 lines. The cell mixtures were incubated in vitro with mafosfamide (AZ) or with the photoreactive dye merocyanine 540 (MC-540). A quantity of 10(4) cells of the treated suspensions was dispensed into microculture plates, and graded cell numbers of the line used to contaminate the normal marrow were added. Limiting-dilution analysis was used to estimate the frequency of leukemia cells persisting after treatment with the decontaminating agents. Treatment with AZ or MC-540 produced a total elimination (ie, 6 logs or 5.3 logs respectively) of B cell acute leukemia cells (CCRF-SB), whereas nearly 1.7 logs and 2 logs of K-562 acute myelogenous blasts were still present in the cell mixtures after treatment with MC-540 and AZ, respectively. Treatment of the Nalm-6-contaminated cell mixtures with AZ resulted in 100% elimination of clonogenic cells, whereas nearly 80% decontamination was obtained with MC-540. Our results suggest that treatment with AZ could be an effective method of eliminating clonogenic tumor cells from human bone marrow. MC-540, shown by previous studies to spare sufficient pluripotential stem cells to ensure hemopoietic reconstitution in the murine model and in clinical application, has comparable effects and merits trials for possible clinical use in autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3478103 TI - Precommitted erythroid cells enriched in cultures of suboptimally induced Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - In the presence of suboptimal inducing amounts of dimethylsulfoxide or hexamethylenebisacetamide, a major proportion of uncommitted murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells was found to be precommitted or primed for commitment, which was demonstrated by their rapid commitment to terminal differentiation when recultured for short periods of time (three to six hours) with fresh inducer. These same cells did not commit if left in the original inducer-containing media or if replated in fresh media without inducer. The two inducers could be interchanged in the priming and postpriming period without affecting the commitment event. However, hemin, an agent that induces hemoglobin synthesis without commitment, showed no ability to enhance commitment of a primed cell population. The rapid commitment of primed cells was inhibited by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and cordycepin but not by cycloheximide. The latter finding indicated that this rapid inducer-dependent commitment event required new RNA synthesis but not new protein synthesis. The precommitment state was lost within six hours of the growth of cells in the absence of inducer but could be sustained longer if cells were incubated in cycloheximide. These studies characterize a precommitment state not previously described and one that appears during chemically induced differentiation in the absence of metabolic inhibitors. The stabilization of these precommitted cells by cycloheximide suggests that the reversibility of precommitment involves new protein synthesis. These findings show that MEL cells proceed to terminal differentiation by accumulating unstable products that must be maintained by the inducer until the final commitment event. PMID- 3478104 TI - Reciprocal translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 11, t(7p ;11p+), associated with myeloid leukemia with maturation. AB - A reciprocal translocation involving the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 11, t(7;11)(p15;p15), was found in nine patients including eight with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one with Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blastic crisis. Although a similar chromosome rearrangement has previously been reported in five patients, including three with AML and two with CML, the 7p breakpoint in some of these cases was slightly different from that detected in our patients. Notable cytogenetic and clinicohematologic findings in our patients and those reported in the literature were as follows: (a) t(7;11) occurred in myeloid leukemia, predominantly AML with subtype M2, and occasionally in other AML subtypes and in CML with or without Ph1 chromosome; (b) t(7;11) frequently occurred as the sole chromosome abnormality; (c) most patients showed a low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score; and (d) Auer rods were present in leukemic cells of most cases including Ph1-positive CML. Our findings suggest that a t(7;11)-associated leukemia constitutes a subgroup of myeloid malignancy involving maturing leukemic cells. PMID- 3478105 TI - Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with a chromosome 22 breakpoint outside the breakpoint cluster region. AB - In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) the reciprocal translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) leads to the formation of a chimeric transcriptional unit carrying both c-abl and bcr genetic information whose transcript is a new fused mRNA of 8.5-kilobases (kb) and whose translational product is a 210-kD phosphoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity implicated in the pathogenesis of CML. Twenty patients affected by Ph1-positive CML were studied by Southern blot analysis with bcr. Unexpectedly, in three Ph1-positive patients, the breakpoint of chromosome 22 was located neither inside the bcr region nor 5' to it. Northern blot analysis of the RNAs of two of these patients showed the absence of a detectable 8.5-kb chimeric mRNA. In the third patient a chimeric mRNA was detected by a c-abl cDNA probe but failed to hybridize with a bcr cDNA probe and showed very low hybridization levels with further 5' bcr cDNA probes. The possibility is raised that in CML a breakpoint outside bcr might either still allow the formation of a chimeric mRNA, possibly through alternative splicing mechanisms, or might prevent the transcription of the chimera. In the latter case different molecular events resulting in the formation of a Ph1 chromosome may underlie the same myeloid neoplastic phenotype. PMID- 3478106 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human myeloid cell line from Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloblastic leukemia arising in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. AB - A new hematopoietic cell line derived from a patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-negative myeloblastic leukemia arising from a form of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is described. This cell line, designated TMM, consists of immature cells with the morphological characteristics of young myeloblasts and grows in suspension culture with a doubling time of about 30 hours. By cytochemical analysis the cultured cells were positive for acid phosphatase. They were free of the Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Further phenotypic analysis revealed the expression of the myelomonocytic-specific antigen Leu-M1 and receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. Partial differentiation of these cells could be induced by dimethyl sulfoxide, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, or hypoxanthine and resulted in cells of the myeloid series expressing lysozyme and receptors for the C3b complement protein. The karyotype was 46,XY, lacked the Ph1 chromosome, and displayed no abnormalities at the light microscopic level. No rearrangement of the bcr-c-abl gene complex was found. This cell line should be useful for studying an important type of the heterogeneous population constituting Ph1-negative myeloblastic leukemia, arising in this instance from MDS, as well as for studying differentiation and proliferation of human pluripotent stem cells. PMID- 3478107 TI - Inhibition of erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells by a macrophage product(s). AB - Conditioned media from established murine macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7, P388D1, and WEHI-3) incubated with endotoxin in a serum-free medium contain an erythroid inhibitory activity (EIA) that inhibited dimethylsulfoxide-induced erythroid differentiation of mouse Friend virus-transformed erythroleukemia cells. Endotoxin itself has no EIA activity. Partial purification of EIA demonstrated that it is distinct from other macrophage products such as IL-1, TGF beta, ECGF, FGF, G-CSF, hepatocyte stimulating factor, interferon, PDGF, and cachectin/TNF. These findings indicate that EIA is a macrophage product distinct from other monokines. PMID- 3478108 TI - Erythropoietin control of terminal erythroid differentiation: maintenance of cell viability, production of hemoglobin, and development of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Using the spleen cells of mice infected with the anemia-inducing strain of Friend leukemia virus, an in vitro model system of erythropoiesis has been developed in which a homogeneous population of murine proerythroblasts terminally differentiates in response to erythropoietin (EP). The biochemical events involved in EP's capacity to maintain viability, induce hemoglobin production, and promote the development of the specialized erythrocyte membrane were studied during the 48-72 hour period required for proerythroblasts to differentiate into reticulocytes. The results show that EP increases glucose uptake and the syntheses of RNA and protein in the first few hours after exposure of the erythroblasts to the hormone. A coordinated production of heme, alpha and beta globin occurs later and peaks at about 48 hours. This peak corresponds to the time at which the majority of cells are undergoing enucleation and becoming reticulocytes. The syntheses of the erythrocyte membrane and membrane skeletal proteins are not coordinated, and multiple patterns of synthesis are found with respect to the time of EP exposure. A number of proteins are lost from the membrane fraction while the characteristic proteins of the mature erythrocyte become prominent in the membrane fraction of erythroid cells as they develop from reticulocytes into erythrocytes. PMID- 3478109 TI - Expression of the erythropoietin gene. AB - Comparison of maps of the human and mouse erythropoietin (EPO) genes shows overall general conservation. A cloned mouse EPO gene was used to study EPO gene expression by the Northern blot method. Ten hours after bleeding to induce stress erythropoiesis in the rat, the only tissue to show detectable message was the kidney. Other preliminary studies on EPO expression in cells transformed by FMuLV that secrete EPO constitutively showed no detectable viral sequences close to the gene regardless of high levels of EPO expression. Further studies on regulation of EPO gene expression are now possible with the probes developed from the cloned gene. PMID- 3478110 TI - Human globin gene expression after gene transfer. AB - Human globin genes can be transferred into mouse and human erythroid cells in culture, and can be appropriately expressed at the mRNA level in these cells. A plasmid containing a human beta globin gene is expressed in mouse erythroleukemia cells (MELC), and another containing a human epsilon or gamma gene is expressed in human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. A neomycin resistance (neoR) gene on the plasmids has been used to select for those cells containing the transferred globin genes; this selection may favor the expression of the globin genes by providing chromosomal positions requiring neoR expression. Analyzing clones resistant to G418, a neomycin analogue, demonstrated globin mRNA expression and induction. Retroviral vectors have also been used to transfer and appropriately express human beta genes in MELC. In addition, a plasmid containing a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene as well as neoR and beta globin genes has been used to amplify and express beta globin mRNA in MELC. These experiments suggest that high level appropriate expression of human beta globin genes is feasible and provides potentially useful approaches to the long-range goal of gene therapy for sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia. PMID- 3478111 TI - Evaluation of the exercise electrocardiogram by the ST segment/heart rate slope. PMID- 3478112 TI - Tumors of the musculoskeletal system: magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. PMID- 3478113 TI - Optimal conditions for injection of tobramycin and cefmenoxime into burn patients. AB - The concentrations of tobramycin (TOB) or cefmenoxime (CMX) in serum and burn blister fluid of 51 burn patients (21 for TOB, 30 for CMX) after an i.v. or i.m. injection were determined to find the optimal administration of TOB (2 mg/kg) or CMX (50 mg/kg). Among the various protocols tested, we found from the values of tAUC for TOB that a bolus i.v. injection, or 1-h drip infusion, or i.m. injection are recommended for systemic sepsis, however, the 1-h drip infusion is strongly suggested for treating wound surface infection. It has also been found that with CMX a bolus i.v. injection with a long period of efficacy is recommended for treating systemic sepsis, while a 1-h drip infusion or bolus i.v. injection was the best method for treating wound-surface infection. PMID- 3478114 TI - Gastrointestinal plasma leakage in endotoxic shock. Inhibition by prostaglandin E2 and by a platelet-activating factor antagonist. AB - The effects of pretreatment with prostaglandin E2 or the platelet-activating factor antagonist, CV-3988, on endotoxin-induced gastric damage, gastrointestinal plasma protein leakage, and systemic hypotension were examined in the rat. Endotoxic shock was induced by intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and was characterized by prolonged hypotension, gastrointestinal hyperemia and hemorrhage, and marked leakage of radiolabelled albumin into the interstitium and lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Prostaglandin E2 (25-100 micrograms/kg i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the hypotension and gastric damage induced by endotoxin. At the dose tested, CV-3988 (10 mg/kg i.v.) also significantly reduced endotoxin-induced hypotension and gastric damage. Both prostaglandin E2 (50 micrograms/kg) and CV-3988 reduced endotoxin-induced plasma protein leakage into the interstitium and lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, although there were differences in terms of the regions most affected by the two compounds. The results of the present study suggest that prostaglandin E2 and CV-3988 may have acted via a similar mechanism, possibly involving inhibition of a mediatory role of platelet-activating factor in endotoxic shock. PMID- 3478115 TI - Sleep apnea following percutaneous cervical cordotomy. AB - Sleep apnea (Ondine's Curse) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of percutaneous cervical cordotomy. The authors have had the opportunity to review the case histories of 6 patients who have died of sleep apnea following this procedure. In a series of 112 patients, 144 cervical percutaneous cordotomies were performed from 1977 to 1985--80 unilateral cordotomies and 32 staged bilateral cordotomies. Six (5%) patients died as the result of sleep apnea. Five patients (16%) died following bilateral cordotomy and one (1%) patient with pulmonary disease died following unilateral cordotomy. The clinical data of these 6 patients are presented and unique spinal cord pathology is described in this report. The pathophysiology of the sleep apnea syndrome is also discussed. PMID- 3478116 TI - Endoperoxidation, hyperprostaglandinemia, and hyperlipidemia in a case of erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Reversal with VP-16 and indomethacin. AB - Clinicopathologic and histopathologic evidence of both endoperoxidation with hyperprostaglandinemia and hyperlipidemia in a 5-week-old infant with a hemophagocytic syndrome is reported. Institution of histiocytolytic (VP-16) and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) therapies returned the prostaglandin levels and lipid profile to a nearly normal state coincidental with clinical recovery. It appears that by reducing the cell mass of histiocytes and controlling the over-production of prostaglandins, some types of hemophagocytic syndrome can be reversed. PMID- 3478117 TI - Serum CA 19-9 in the postsurgical follow-up of patients with pancreatic cancer. AB - In the last few years serum CA 19-9 has been shown to be a highly sensitive marker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study assesses the value of serum CA 19 9 assay in the postsurgical follow-up of patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection. In 14 patients with cancer in the head of the pancreas and abnormal preoperative serum CA 19-9 values (greater than 40 U/ml), a pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. In all patients the CA 19-9 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated on the removed tumoral tissue. Postoperative serum CA 19-9 concentrations were serially measured 15 days after surgery and then every other month. Serum CA 19-9 scores returned to the normal range only in 7 (50%) of the resected patients. All patients with a normal postoperative value and none of those with a persistently elevated one survived longer than 7 months. Early postoperative serum CA 19-9 assay was superior to perioperative staging of the tumor as a prognostic index. All of the seven patients with postoperative normal values exhibited a subsequent increase within 16 months. In all cases the elevation of CA 19-9 occurred at least 2 months before ultrasound (US) could detect local recurrences of hepatic metastasis. Our data indicate that a normal early postoperative CA 19-9 score is a relatively favourable prognostic index in patients who undergo radical surgery for pancreatic cancer and that the CA 19-9 test can be used, as an early marker of recurrence, in monitoring these patients. PMID- 3478118 TI - Explanation of the limited correlation between tumor CA 125 content and serum CA 125 antigen levels in patients with ovarian tumors. AB - The concentration of the tumor marker CA 125 in tumor tissue, cyst fluid, ascites fluid, and serum from patients with epithelial ovarian tumors was quantitated. Immunohistologic studies showed that CA 125 was present in 90% of the nonmucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Quantitative analysis of the fluid from 57 cysts revealed that CA 125 was present in concentrations of up to 2140,000 U/ml in samples from malignant nonmucinous epithelial ovarian lesions, and up to 116,000 U/ml in mucinous tumors, but also in concentrations of up to 371,000 U/ml in benign serous cystadenomas. In contrast, pre-operative serum CA 125 levels were elevated in almost all of the patients with malignant ovarian tumors but not in most of those with benign ovarian tumors. These findings suggest that in benign ovarian tumors there is an effective barrier between the cyst fluid and the circulation that prevents the appearance of CA 125 in the serum, whereas in malignant tumors infiltrative growth leads to the release of antigen into the circulation. Furthermore, CA 125 values in ascites fluids were up to 130 times higher than the serum antigen levels, which indicates that the peritoneum serves as a barrier for high molecular weight tumor antigens. The current results show that tumor basement membranes and peritoneal barriers play a notable role in the transit of tumor antigens, one which must be taken into account in the monitoring of serum marker levels of cancer patients. PMID- 3478119 TI - Generalized lymphadenopathy with morphologic features of Castleman's disease in an HIV-positive man. AB - In recent years the literature has described a highly lethal "multicentric" variant of classic Castleman's disease (CD) with similar hyperplastic angio follicular morphologic features. A 44-year-old man who was not known to be part of any established high-risk group for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with clinical and laboratory features similar to "multicentric" CD. Serologic testing revealed antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by Western blot analysis. It is suggested that "multicentric" CD may be part of the clinicopathologic spectrum of HIV infection, and there should be a high index of suspicion for HIV in patients presenting with generalized lymphadenopathy and histopathologic features of CD. PMID- 3478120 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in bone. Pathologic and radiologic features with clinical correlates. AB - Thirty-seven lymphomas of bone were studied, including 33 diffuse large cell lymphomas, three undifferentiated (small noncleaved cell) lymphomas, and one well differentiated (small) lymphocytic lymphoma. The large cell lymphomas were subclassified as large cleaved, large noncleaved, multilobated cell, and immunoblastic sarcoma (large cell lymphoma, immunoblastic type). Eleven of 26 large cell lymphoma patients with adequate follow-up were long-term survivors (free of disease for more than 5 years). Nineteen of the 33 large cell lymphomas were localized to one bone. The stage and histologic pattern significantly correlated with long-term survival among large cell lymphomas. Seventy-three percent of patients with localized lymphoma were long-term survivors, in contrast to 9% of those with disseminated disease. Sixty-seven percent of patients with large cleaved and multilobated cell lymphoma were long-term survivors, but only 21% of those with large noncleaved cell and immunoblastic sarcoma were. The tumors had a blastic, lytic, or mixed radiographic appearance and had either sclerotic, lytic, or permeative borders; none of the radiologic findings were diagnostically useful. PMID- 3478121 TI - Learned food aversions among cancer chemotherapy patients. Incidence, nature, and clinical implications. AB - The current study documents the incidence of chemotherapy-related food aversions in defined patient populations and characterizes selected aspects of the problem. The association between the incidence of food aversions and patient outcome was also evaluated. Seventy-six primarily breast and lung cancer patients were interviewed before and at stipulated time points for 6 months after their initial course of chemotherapy. Learned food aversions (LFA) were documented via open ended questionnaires and ratings for foods ingested during the 48-hour period surrounding the first day of treatment. Treatment-related aversions were observed in over 50% of the patients and involved all food groups. The aversions generally occurred shortly after the first course of chemotherapy, were food-specific and of short duration. No strong association was observed between the incidence of food aversions and treatment outcome measures, but quality of life issues warrant further consideration. PMID- 3478123 TI - Ribosomal RNA gene amplification: a selective advantage in tissue culture. AB - A CCRF-CEM (human T-cell leukemia) line, initially made resistant to methotrexate by a four-step increase in drug concentration, revealed a large marker of one chromosome #14 in all cells after a 6-month period of culture in the absence of drug. The marker is the result of a triple duplication of both the satellite and stalk. In situ hybridization with 3H-cRNA and NOR banding proved that ribosomal DNA had been amplified and was actively transcribed. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase of RNA versus DNA in G1 cells compared with those of the original drug-resistant parent. The abnormal chromosome appeared after the removal of methotrexate from culture and may be related to the faster doubling time of this line compared with the parent line. PMID- 3478122 TI - Molecular and cytogenetic studies on nucleolar cistrons (rDNA) in mouse leukemia cells. AB - The gene dosage change of nucleolar cistrons (rDNA) in tumor cells has not been extensively studied. The present studies showed that increased dosage, as well as abnormal distribution of rDNA, was frequently associated with leukemia cells of SL/Ni and AKR mice. In normal SL cells, 37%, 39%, and 25% of rDNA was located in nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) of chromosomes #12, #18, and #19, respectively. Increase of rDNA/DNA was shown by hybridization on filter membranes in SL1, SL2, SL3, and M1 leukemia cells. Direct measurement of rDNA/DNA in G1 cells revealed an 11% increase in synchronized M1 cells. The increased rDNA dosage was explained by trisomy 12 in SL1 and SL2, the ectopic NOR of #9 in SL3, and the double t(X;19) marker chromosomes in M1. On the other hand, in normal AKR cells, 27%, 29%, and 45% of rDNA was assigned to NORs of chromosomes #15, #16, and #18, respectively. The relative rDNA distribution among NORs estimated by autoradiographic grain counting was suggested to be abnormal in AKR leukemia cells despite their normal karyotype; 36% rDNA was shown to be in chromosomes #15 and #16, respectively, by relative reduction in chromosome #18 in AKR1; the trisomy 15 explained the increased rDNA in AKR2; a relative increase was found in chromosome #15 in AKR3. These results were discussed with reference to the reported NOR involvement in chromosome translocation and amplification in tumor cells. PMID- 3478124 TI - Tetraploid karyotype (92,XXYY) in two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Tetraploid karyotypes without structural chromosome abnormalities were found in approximately 50% of the bone marrow cells in two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with L2 morphology and "null cell" immunophenotype. Strict tetraploidy (4n = 92) has not been reported as the sole karyotypic rearrangement in bone marrow neoplasia, but may represent a previously unrecognized cytogenetic leukemia subtype. PMID- 3478125 TI - Translocation t(11;22) in esthesioneuroblastoma. AB - Esthesioneuroblastoma is an exceedingly rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor of olfactory epithelium origin. We have performed cytogenetic studies on a tissue culture line established from a metastatic lesion in one such patient and observed that, among several chromosomal abnormalities, the cells contained a reciprocal translocation, t(11;22)(q24;q12), indistinguishable from the one that has been reported in Ewing's sarcoma, Askin's tumor, and peripheral neuroepithelioma. The uniqueness of this marker suggests that these tumors may be derived from the same type of stem cell, with varying histopathologic and clinical manifestations. PMID- 3478126 TI - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a patient with a familial t(6;16)(q13;q22) translocation. AB - A 75-year-old man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia was found to have a constitutional t(6;16)(q13;q22) translocation, as did his healthy daughter. Chromosomal in situ hybridization studies of the daughter's lymphocytes did not indicate translocation-mediated interruption of the metallothionein gene cluster, at 16q22, although this locus has been reported to be involved in the eosinophilic variant of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Lymphocytes from the daughter and from the patient's brother (who had a normal karyotype), had no increased fragility at 16q22. The findings do not provide evidence for an association between the familial chromosome abnormality and this patient's leukemia. PMID- 3478127 TI - Relationship between gene amplification and chromosomal deviations in malignant human gliomas. AB - Biopsies of 33 malignant human gliomas were karyotyped and evaluated for amplification (more than eight gene copies per cell) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), N-myc, c-myc, and gli genes by Southern blot analysis. Fifteen of 33 tumors showed amplification of EGFR, none had amplified c-myc, one tumor had amplified N-myc, and one had amplification of gli. Thirteen of the 16 (81%) evaluable tumors with gene amplification contained double minutes (DM), and only four of 16 (25%) tumors without demonstrable amplification contained these structures. Polysomy for chromosome #7, in contrast, occurred in 58% of tumors with EGFR amplification and 53% of tumors without amplification of the gene. Structural abnormalities of 7p occurred in two tumors with EGFR amplification and in one tumor without amplification of this gene. These studies suggest that DM are the usual locus for amplified genes (usually EGFR) in human glioma biopsies, but that structural abnormalities of 7p may be associated with EGFR amplification in a small proportion of these tumors. The presence of polysomy 7, however, probably is unrelated to amplification of the EGFR gene. PMID- 3478128 TI - Chromosome findings and prognosis in neuroblastoma. PMID- 3478129 TI - Duplication of Ph and of 9q+ chromosomes during the blastic transformation of a CML case. AB - We describe the blastic transformation of a case of chronic myelocytic leukemia in which, among other abnormalities, one extra Philadelphia and one extra 9q+ were observed. Molecular studies and analysis of the clonal evolution of the karyotype led to the interpretation of such an unusual finding as the result of nondisjunction, rather than of a double t(9;22) translocation. PMID- 3478130 TI - A variant t(X;15)(p11;q22) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - Nonrandom reciprocal translocations involving chromosomes #15 and #17 are characteristic anomalies in a great majority of cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Other complex translocations in APL that invariably involve chromosome #17 also have been described. We describe a patient with clinical and morphologic characteristics of APL but with a previously undescribed acquired karyotype, t(X;15)(p11;q22). This is the first translocation in APL described in which chromosome #17 is not involved. Although a comparative structure/function analysis of potentially relevant genes to the translocation breakpoints in both t(X;15) and t(15;17) APL showed no major alterations, the enhanced expression of the c-Ki-ras oncogene observed in t(X;15) APL supports the concept of heterogeneity in APL at the cytogenetic and molecular levels. PMID- 3478131 TI - Cytogenetic findings in an effusion secondary from pleural mesothelioma. AB - Cytogenetic analysis was performed on cells from pleural effusion secondary to an epithelial mesothelioma. Although chromosomal findings (pseudodiploid stemline, including marker chromosomes involving chromosomes #1, #3, #5, and #6) suggested the neoplastic origin of the effusion, routine cytologic diagnosis was negative. PMID- 3478132 TI - Repeated tandem translocations in a clone and subclones of B16-F10 murine melanoma. AB - In one clone and three subclones isolated from the F10 line of the B16 mouse melanoma, a family of extraordinarily long marker chromosomes was found. Banding analyses showed that these long markers represented repeated tandem translocations. Most of these markers exhibited only two or three C-bands. Immunofluorescence staining using antikinetochore serum revealed that these markers had either two active kinetochores or one active and one inactive kinetochore. The original clone and one of the subclones were highly unstable with respect to the composition of the markers and to the ability for retaining the markers. The other two subclones were found to be relatively stable. Because all three subclones were derivatives of one clone, which was unstable, our data suggest that stable genomes can be generated from unstable progenitors. PMID- 3478134 TI - A patient education program for a continuous infusion regimen on an outpatient basis. PMID- 3478133 TI - Cytogenetic studies on 519 consecutive de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed in the same laboratory on 519 untreated cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) between 1977 and 1985. The overall incidence of clonal chromosome abnormalities was 54.3%; higher in children (67.5%) than in adults (50.4%). The distribution of chromosome abnormalities was uneven, according to the categories of the FAB nomenclature. The highest frequency of chromosome changes was observed in ANLL-M3 and the lowest in M1 and M6. The frequency of specific chromosome abnormalities and of their associated changes were also estimated. Monosomy 7 was detected in three patients with acute megakaryocytic leukemia (M7). Six cases with two abnormal chromosomally unrelated clones were observed and six constitutional chromosome abnormalities were detected. A clearer knowledge of the incidence of various chromosomal changes in ANLL seems necessary for better differentiation between the so-called primary and secondary chromosome abnormalities and for prognostic evaluation. PMID- 3478135 TI - Biochemical and functional characterization of MCS-2 antigen (CD13) on myeloid leukemic cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - The antigen defined by MCS-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of surface and internally labeled cells. Surface iodination revealed that MCS-2 antigen on the surfaces of acute myelogenous leukemia cells, HL-60 cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) had the same molecular weight (Mr 150,000) and that their autoradiographic bands were also the same. Internal labeling of HL-60 cells with [35S]methionine followed by immunoprecipitation revealed two bands whose molecular weights were 150,000 and 130,000. HL-60 cells gave stronger bands than did PMN. The intensity of the Mr 130,000 band became weaker, when internally pulse-labeled cells were cultured in the absence of labeled methionine, suggesting that Mr 130,000 glycoprotein was a precursor protein of Mr 150,000 glycoprotein. MCS-2 mAb precipitated two bands from tunicamycin-treated HL-60 cells whose apparent molecular weights were 100,000 and 110,000. When cells were cultured with MCS-2 mAb, expression of the antigen decreased rapidly (within 10 min). The degree of suppression was more prominent in PMN than in acute myelogenous leukemia and in myelomonocytic cell lines. Reexpression of MCS-2 antigen by PMN after removal of the mAb from the culture medium was not observed, but it occurred rapidly in myelomonocytic cell lines, although it was blocked by pretreatment of the cells with cycloheximide. These findings suggested that the less-marked suppression of MCS-2 antigen expression by cell lines was due to its greater synthesis by these cells. These findings suggested that MCS-2 mAb reacted with identical molecules, which were recognized by other mAbs belonging to CD13. Furthermore, modulation of MCS-2 antigen was observed by MCS-2 mAb itself. PMID- 3478136 TI - Inhibition by bryostatin 1 of the phorbol ester-induced blockage of differentiation in hexamethylene bisacetamide-treated Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Phorbol esters inhibit chemically induced differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells. This study examines the effect of the macrocyclic lactone bryostatin 1 on phorbol ester responses in a Friend erythroleukemia cell clone, PS 7. In several biological systems, bryostatin 1 was reported to mimic phorbol ester action, including activation of protein kinase C, but in HL-60 cells it blocked phorbol ester-induced differentiation. We report here that bryostatin 1 blocks phorbol ester action in Friend cells (clone PS 7), a second differentiating system. In this system, in contrast to HL-60 cells, the phorbol esters inhibit rather than induce differentiation. Bryostatin 1 restores the differentiation response [50% effective dose, 15 +/- 3.5 nM (SEM)] as well as blocks a second phorbol ester effect, induction of cellular adherence. The inhibition of erythroid differentiation by dexamethasone, a nonphorbol compound whose action presumably is not protein kinase C mediated, is unaffected by bryostatin 1. Although bryostatin 1 inhibits [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding in intact Friend erythroleukemia cell clone PS 7, the mechanism for the antagonism of phorbol ester action by bryostatin 1 in Friend cells cannot be explained by simple competition at the binding site. PMID- 3478138 TI - Tissue concentrations of ofloxacin in the middle ear. AB - Twenty patients with chronic otitis media underwent tympanoplasty and were given an oral dose (two 200-mg tablets) of a new antibiotic, ofloxacin, three to seven hours before surgery. The study aimed to demonstrate satisfactory concentrations of ofloxacin in the middle ear as the basis for that agent's well-known clinical efficacy. The main pathogens responsible for bacterial infections in the ear, nose, and throat, especially those in the ear, are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and alpha-streptococci. The chemotherapeutic agent used must reach adequate concentrations in the bone, mucous membrane, and serum. Mucous membrane, bone, and serum samples were obtained from the middle ear and examined for ofloxacin levels. The medication was also administered for a minimum of five days postoperatively. The average serum level of ofloxacin was 2.1 micrograms/ml, and the concentrations in both the mucous membrane and bone (2.2 micrograms/gm) were above the serum levels. The extent to which the concentrations at the possible site of infection exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the pathogens was investigated at our clinic in 190 isolates. The study showed that, with the leading pathogens such as staphylococci, tissue concentrations were about four times higher than the MICs and that even Pseudomonas organisms were effectively inhibited. All patients had a satisfactory clinical response to therapy. The authors thus recommend a dosage of 400 mg of ofloxacin three to five hours prior to surgery for middle ear infection. PMID- 3478137 TI - Increased production of tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandin E2 by monocytes in cancer patients and its unique modulation by their plasma. AB - We investigated the role of monocytes in the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in 77 cancer patients with malignancies of the digestive tract, using 30 normal individuals and 18 noncancer patients as controls. Monocytes were incubated with lipopolysaccharide for 20 h, and TNF production and PGE2 production were analyzed by bioassays. Elevated levels of TNF (greater than 512 U/ml) and PGE2 (greater than 8 ng/ml) production were demonstrated in many cancer patients when these factors were induced in the medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. The elevated level of TNF was seen to be restricted for the most part to patients with malignancies. Thus, 51 out of 59 cancer patients (86%), consisting of 44 primary cancer patients and 15 recurrent cancer patients, showed an increased level of TNF. In contrast, almost all of 18 postoperative cancer patients showed TNF levels comparable to those of normal individuals. Furthermore, 16 primary cancer patients were also demonstrated to have reduced levels of TNF production by monocytes after curative operation. When 10% cancer-patient plasma was added to the induction culture, TNF production by monocytes was drastically suppressed in the cancer patients. Interestingly, the same addition of plasma induced a prominent enhancement of PGE2 production in the cancer patients. The plasma of noncancer patients did not modulate production of these factors. No TNF activity was found in the plasma of cancer patients, but such plasma did contain an increased level of PGE2 (100-300 pg/ml). Although PGE2 (greater than 2 ng/ml) was able to suppress TNF production by monocytes, the addition of 10% plasma PGE2 was not enough to induce suppression. An unknown factor(s) in the plasma of cancer patients may uniquely modulate the elevated TNF and PGE2 production in these patients. PMID- 3478139 TI - [HLA-A, B antigens and bronchogenic pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 3478141 TI - Keep an eye on liability when referring patients. PMID- 3478140 TI - An interveiw with James A. Saddoris, DDS, incoming ADA president by Noel T. Maxson. PMID- 3478142 TI - Composite resins: a manufacturer's perspective. PMID- 3478143 TI - Effect of antisera against recombinant tumor necrosis factor and the monocyte derived cytotoxin(s) on monocyte-mediated killing of various tumor cells. AB - Antisera raised against recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and against the monocyte-derived cytotoxic/cytostatic protein factor (CF), which is related to recombinant TNF, have been compared with respect to their ability to inhibit monocyte-mediated killing of various types of cells which differ in their sensitivity to recombinant TNF. During 6 hr of coculturing monocytes and target cells, the recombinant TNF antiserum inhibited killing of the extremely TNF sensitive WEHI 164 clone 13 cells and actinomycin D-treated WEHI 164 cells from which the clone 13 cells were derived (parental WEHI 164 cells (P-WEHI 164 cells]. The CF antiserum also inhibited monocyte-mediated killing of these cells during 6 hr of coculturing with monocytes, but on a per volume basis it was less potent than the recombinant TNF antiserum, consistent with the fact that the CF antiserum also was much less potent in inhibiting the cytotoxic activity of recombinant TNF. However, during 72 hr of coculturing with monocytes and target cells, the CF antiserum inhibited monocyte-mediated killing of P-WEHI 164 cells more efficiently than the recombinant TNF antiserum. Moreover, during 72 hr of coculturing with monocytes, only the CF antiserum was able to significantly inhibit monocyte-mediated killing of the relatively recombinant TNF-resistant K562 cells. This suggests that a factor immunologically different from recombinant TNF, perhaps a form of natural TNF differing somewhat immunologically from recombinant TNF, was involved in the killing of K562 cells, and possibly in the killing of P-WEHI 164 cells, during 72 hr of coculturing with monocytes. Although this factor was present extracellularly, it appears that it may act as a monocyte-associated factor in monocyte-mediated killing of K562 cells, since exposure to recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) in the absence of Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) activated the monocytes to mediate killing of K562 cells more efficiently than exposure to LPS alone, despite the fact that only little cytotoxic/cytostatic activity was released from the monocytes without the addition of LPS. The ability of rIFN-gamma and LPS to activate monocytes to produce and release CF has also been studied. PMID- 3478144 TI - Parent observation. PMID- 3478146 TI - Practice management. Facing today's challenge. PMID- 3478145 TI - Internal marketing. PMID- 3478147 TI - An effective treatment. PMID- 3478148 TI - Cross contamination visualization. PMID- 3478149 TI - Organomercury. Additional threat? PMID- 3478151 TI - Safety of amalgam. PMID- 3478152 TI - Pyridonecarboxylic acids as antibacterial agents. VIII. An alternative synthesis of enoxacin via fluoronicotinic acid derivatives. PMID- 3478150 TI - Mercury hygiene practices. PMID- 3478153 TI - 20 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of neonatal pig testis: localization in cytosol fraction and comparison with the enzyme from other species. PMID- 3478154 TI - (2"-R)-4'-o-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, a new anthracycline derivative; its effectiveness in lymphoid malignancies. AB - Thirty-eight patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated intravenously with (2"-R)-4'-o Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) at a dose of 10 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Seven complete and 15 partial responses were observed in 35 evaluable patients (overall response rate, 62.8%). Both antitumor activity and antitumor spectrum were similar to those for doxorubicin. Since the patients who had had chemotherapy previously, including other kinds of anthracycline, responded rather poorly to THP, cross-resistance between THP and other anthracyclines may be present. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were dose-limiting factors. Nausea and vomiting episodes were mild, and epilation was also minimal. Although the observation period was short and a cumulative dose was not large enough to evaluate cardiotoxicity, there were no abnormal EKG changes or clinical signs of cardiotoxicity in this study. THP is a potent antitumor agent in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 3478155 TI - Growth hormone modifies the growth rate of enzyme-altered hepatic foci in male rats treated according to the resistant hepatocyte model. AB - Male and female Wistar rats were given an initiating i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 200 mg/kg body wt). Two weeks later the rats were given a diet containing 0.02% (w/w) 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) for 2 weeks. In the middle of the 2-AAF treatment a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed. In order to identify the pituitary hormone responsible for the previously observed sex difference (male greater than female) in and influence of ectopic pituitary grafts on focal growth during 2-AAF/PH selection of enzyme-altered foci, male rats were treated with a continuous infusion of bovine growth hormone (bGH; 6 micrograms/h) or ovine prolactin (oPrl; 6 micrograms/h) by way of osmotic minipumps. Hormonal treatment was started 1 week after initiation and was finished 1 week after the 2-AAF selection period. All rats were killed 6 weeks after initiation and liver sections were stained for gamma-glutamyltransferase. The number of foci/cm2 as well as the area per focus and area ratio (mm2 foci/cm2 liver section) were calculated. Whereas no significant differences in the number of foci/cm2 were observed between the different groups of rats, bGH treatment of male rats decreased both the area/focus and the area ratio down to the female level. No significant effects were seen following oPrl administration when compared with control males. In vitro studies of subcellular preparations from the liver lobes obtained at PH showed that the sexually differentiated N-hydroxy 2-AAF sulfotransferase activity (male greater than female) in male rats was 'feminized', i.e. decreased, by bGH administration, but not by infusion of oPrl. The present investigation strengthens the view of growth hormone as an important determinant of sex differences in chemical carcinogenesis in rat liver, possibly via an influence on carcinogen metabolism. PMID- 3478156 TI - Further characterization of the ability of hepatocarcinogens to lower rat liver aryl sulfotransferase activity. AB - Aryl sulfotransferase (AST) activity in rat liver is thought to be a primary pathway in the bio-activation of various hepatocarcinogens to forms which act as ultimate carcinogens in chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. In an effort to understand the significance of rapid and sustained decreases in liver AST that accompany dietary administration of hepatocarcinogens and to further assess its relationship to carcinogenic processes, we determined the abilities of various xenobiotics known to be hepatocarcinogens or non-hepatic carcinogens to lower AST activity. We also determined whether the co-administration of the AST enzyme inhibitor, pentachlorophenol, with hepatocarcinogens will abrogate the lowering of AST activity caused by hepatocarcinogens which do not utilize AST for bio activation versus hepatocarcinogens which can utilize AST. Among carcinogens tested thus far, we have found the AST activity of liver cytosols to be lowered by the hepatocarcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene, ethionine, 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene, thioacetamide, aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine and benzidine, but not by the non-hepatic carcinogens 2-acetylaminophenanthrene or 3 methylcholanthrene. Pentachlorophenol reversed activity losses when co administered with all carcinogens which lowers AST activity with the exception of ethionine and thioacetamide. We suggest that AST activity lowering is relatively specific for liver carcinogens and involves two different mechanisms. PMID- 3478157 TI - Assay of gemfibrozil in plasma by "high-performance" liquid chromatography. PMID- 3478158 TI - Quantitative detection of a variant prealbumin associated with type 1 familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (Japanese type) by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple and quantitative method for detecting the variant prealbumin associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy has been developed. This method is based on (1) a rapid and simple high performance liquid chromatographic method for the purification of prealbumin, using an immunoadsorbent-affinity column with bound monospecific prealbumin antibody, (2) the presence of an extra methionine in the variant prealbumin at position 30, detected by cyanogen bromide cleavage, and (3) sensitive and quantitative detection of cleaved peptides by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. This non-radioisotopic method gives quantitatively reliable results on serum samples as small as 0.5 ml. This method is not only useful for the detection of patients and carriers of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, but also for determination of the ratio of normal to variant prealbumin in the serum samples. PMID- 3478160 TI - Failure of treatment of familial widespread hidradenitis suppurativa with isotretinoin. PMID- 3478159 TI - Low serum CA125 concentration in chronic renal failure treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3478161 TI - HLA-A, -B and DR antigens in nickel sensitive females. PMID- 3478163 TI - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremity. AB - Eighty-five patients with nonmetastatic, high-grade osteosarcoma of an extremity received intravenous methotrexate and intraarterial cisplatinum and then a definitive surgical resection. The preliminary results suggest that preoperative chemotherapy with a delayed surgical resection is as safe as immediate surgery. More patients are candidates for limb salvage after chemotherapy. The tumor response to the preoperative chemotherapy also has prognostic value. Reducing the postoperative chemotherapy can be dangerous. A high dose methotrexate may not be necessary. PMID- 3478162 TI - EAU in the guinea pig: inhibition of cell-mediated immunity and Ia antigen expression by cyclosporin A. AB - Guinea pigs were immunized subcutaneously with highly purified bovine retinal S antigen (SAg) in complete Freund's adjuvant and treated from day 0 with cyclosporin A (CsA; 25 mg/kg by mouth) or drug vehicle. Skin tests carried out at 7 and 13 days showed maximal reactions to SAg at 24 h; at 13 days, however, strong, early, 'Arthus'-like responses to SAg were also recorded. CsA profoundly reduced DTH skin reactions to SAg and PPD, and prevented vitreal inflammation assessed at 17 days and retinal damage. Lymphocytes from the draining lymph nodes but not spleens of immunized guinea pigs showed a proliferative response to SAg which was suppressed by CsA administration. Responses to PHA, Con A or LPS were not so affected. Immunohistochemical staining (alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase; APAAP) of the eye with newly available monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig T lymphocytes revealed a predominantly T cytotoxic/suppressor cell (Tc/s) infiltrate of the choroid and retina. CsA administration did not affect choroidal infiltration of Tc/s cells but markedly inhibited Ia antigen expression. PMID- 3478165 TI - Drug-induced gallium uptake in the breasts. PMID- 3478164 TI - Nuclear imaging in Coccidioidal osteomyelitis. AB - Six cases of osteomyelitis due to Coccidioides immitis are presented. The cases reported demonstrate the importance of performing both bone and gallium imaging to avoid missing the osseous coccidioidal lesions. PMID- 3478166 TI - Avidity of radiogallium for bone in thalassemia. PMID- 3478167 TI - False-positive gallium uptake in the lungs secondary to small bowel hernia. PMID- 3478168 TI - Persistent elevation of transaminases as the presenting finding in an adolescent with an unsuspected muscle glycogenosis. PMID- 3478169 TI - Renal response to vasopressin and indomethacin in cisplatin-treated rats. AB - 1. Cisplatin [6 mg/kg body weight, in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl] was injected intraperitoneally as a single dose to two groups of rats (Fischer 344 strain). Two further groups of rats, injected intraperitoneally with an equivalent volume of 0.9% (w/v) NaCl, were used as controls. The cisplatin-treated rats developed a pronounced polyuria which did not recover during an 18 week observation period. 2. After 21 weeks, one group of the cisplatin-treated animals received a 6 h infusion of 2.5% D-glucose. Vasopressin (60 mu-units min-1 100 g-1 body weight) was incorporated into the infusate for the final 2 h. A control group of animals received an identical infusion. One week later the other group of cisplatin treated rats received a 6 h infusion of 0.9% (w/v) NaCl. Indomethacin was incorporated into the infusate for 15 min, at 3 h 52.5 min, to deliver a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. A control group again received an identical infusion. 3. Cisplatin did not impair the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin, but it reduced the natriuretic effect of vasopressin, and also impaired the ability of the animals to produce concentrated urine. 4. Cisplatin did not alter basal PGE2 excretion, or the reduction in PGE2 excretion induced by indomethacin. However, the urine flow in the cisplatin-treated group did not fall after indomethacin, whereas there was a fall in urine flow in the control group. PMID- 3478170 TI - Tubular prostaglandin E2 production and its role in urinary hypotonicity after release of ureteral occlusion in the rat. AB - 1. In order to explore the involvement of endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the urine concentration defect after ureteral occlusion, PGE2 production by isolated collecting ducts in vitro and effects of indomethacin on urine osmolality in vivo were examined. 2. Twenty-four hours ureter obstruction caused increased PGE2 production by the medullary collecting ducts, which was maintained at a high level on the day after release of obstruction (0.8 +/- 0.2 pg/mm normal, 8.1 +/- 0.9 pg/mm 24 h obstruction, and 6.6 +/- 1.0 pg/mm post obstruction, mean +/- SEM). An enhanced PGE2 production was also observed for papillary collecting duct on the day after release of 24 h ureteral occlusion (3.9 +/- 0.5 pg/mm normal and 7.7 +/- 1.2 pg/mm post-obstruction). 3. Administration of indomethacin to the unilateral post-obstructive rats slightly raised the urine osmolality of the post-obstructed kidney (from 339 +/- 17 to 390 +/- 22 mosmol/kg H2O), while it had a greater effect on the contralateral intact kidney (from 1569 +/- 138 to 2567 +/- 198 mosmol/kg H2O). 4. Our data may indicate that the urine concentration defect after 24 h ureteral occlusion is ascribable mainly to a mechanism other than increased endogenous PGE2. PMID- 3478172 TI - Childhood leukaemia in Wessex. PMID- 3478171 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the biosynthesis of osteopontin, a bone derived cell attachment protein, in clonal osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. AB - We investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the synthesis of osteopontin, a phosphorylated cell attachment glycoprotein, in ROS 17/2.8 cells, a clonal osteoblast-like rat osteosarcoma cell line. We observed a dose dependent increase in uptake of [32PO4] into osteopontin secreted into the medium. An increased incorporation of [35S]-methionine into secreted osteopontin suggested the effect was that of increased protein biosynthesis. Using a radioimmunoassay we demonstrated a dose dependent increase in the amount of secreted osteopontin, an increase which could be blocked by Actinomycin D, in response to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. These results suggest that the hormonal form of vitamin D regulates the biosynthesis of osteopontin, possibly at the level of transcription. PMID- 3478173 TI - Azidothymidine (AZT). PMID- 3478174 TI - Typhlitis in acute leukemia. PMID- 3478176 TI - [Detection of blood group substances in chorionic villi for the early diagnosis of mother-fetus blood group incompatibility]. PMID- 3478175 TI - Effects of topical PGF2 alpha on aqueous humor dynamics in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Single topical applications of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) tromethamine salt to living cynomolgus monkey eyes reduced intraocular pressure (IOP). Twice daily topical application was far more effective, so that after the 7th 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms dose on day 4, IOP fell 40-50%, to 8-10 mm Hg. Following twice daily application of 50 or 100 micrograms for greater than 3 days: (1) no increase in total outflow facility could be demonstrated by 2-level constant pressure perfusion or Schiotz tonography; (2) no decrease in aqueous humor formation rate could be demonstrated by fluorophotometry--rather, aqueous flow may have increased; (3) anterior chamber aqueous humor protein concentration was unaltered, but entry of intravenously injected fluorescein into the cornea and anterior chamber tended to increase; (4) there was a weak but sometimes statistically significant miosis of up to approximately 0.5 mm. We conclude that in the cynomolgus monkey: (1) PGF2 alpha is a potent ocular hypotensive agent with only very weak miotic and blood-aqueous barrier-disrupting effects; (2) the ocular hypotensive action of PGF2 alpha is definitely not due to increased conventional outflow facility or decreased aqueous production, but probably to increased uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor. PMID- 3478178 TI - [Neutrophil phagocytic dysfunction in patients with periodontitis]. PMID- 3478177 TI - [Research on the functions of neutrophil leukocytes in patients with juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3478180 TI - [Dissociate transplant of rib cartilage membrane in the treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis]. PMID- 3478179 TI - [The effect of lowered estradiol levels on periodontal tissue]. PMID- 3478181 TI - [Measurement of elastic modulus of human dentin and supporting bone by laser speckle photography]. PMID- 3478184 TI - [A new technic of inferior alveolar block using extraoral approach via the anterior border of the ramus]. PMID- 3478182 TI - [A preliminary study on computed tomography of parotid masses]. PMID- 3478185 TI - [Relation between the lateral ramus prominence and the mandibular foramen to ramus osteotomy]. PMID- 3478186 TI - [Photoelastic analysis of permanent periodontal splints]. PMID- 3478187 TI - [Anatomical study of the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3478183 TI - [Clinical efficacy of combined treatment in a late-stage malignant tumor of the head and neck]. PMID- 3478188 TI - [Analysis of 100 cases of adult orthodontics]. PMID- 3478189 TI - [Prevalence of HIV antibodies in blood donors in the West Germany and West Berlin]. AB - Since 1985 all donor blood in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and West Berlin (WB) have been routinely tested for HIV antibodies. The blood donor services of the German and Bavarian Red Cross have pooled their anti-HIV test data for the first year of operation (July 1985-June 1986) to obtain information on the prevalence of HIV antibodies in blood donors and in donated blood. Of 2.27 million units of blood, donated by 1.33 million donors, 218 were anti-HIV positive in the Western Blot Test, i.e. a prevalence rate of 10 per 100,000 donors. The prevalence was, as expected, higher in males than females. During the test period the anti-HIV prevalence fell, both as a total and in all subpopulations. In the second quarter of 1986 it had decreased to 6 per 100,000 donated units. PMID- 3478190 TI - HLA antibodies in sera of pregnant Nigerian women. PMID- 3478191 TI - Transcriptional regulation of proliferin gene expression in response to serum in transfected mouse cells. AB - The sequences upstream of a proliferin gene have been isolated, linked to a reporter gene, and transfected into mouse cell cultures. In low serum concentrations, transcription from the transfected DNA is very weak; transcriptional activity is induced 20- to 40-fold in transfected cultures grown in high serum concentrations. Initiation of transcription occurs at the same site in the transfected DNA as in endogenous proliferin genes expressed in placental tissue and in cell cultures. Sequences within 578 nucleotides upstream of this initiation site are sufficient for complete serum-inducible expression, but deletion of the upstream sequences to within 211 nucleotides of the start site abolishes promoter activity. In contrast, the upstream region from a second proliferin gene is only weakly inducible in transfected cell cultures, even though these two promoter regions share 97% nucleotide sequence homology. PMID- 3478193 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of cefetamet (RO 15-8074). PMID- 3478192 TI - Streptococcal protein G: a sensitive tool for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus proteins in Western blot analysis. AB - Protein G is a cell wall protein of group C and G streptococci which binds human IgG antibodies of all four subclasses with high affinity. This property of the molecule was utilized to develop a sensitive Western blot assay to detect antibodies against HIV proteins in patient sera. PMID- 3478196 TI - Sixth meeting of the Italian Association for Cell Biology and Differentiation. Associazione di Biologia Cellulare e del Differenziamento (ABCD). Santa Margherita Ligure (Genova), 26-28 October 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3478195 TI - Annual meeting of the Dutch Society for Cell Biology and symposium: Synthesis, structure and function of extracellular material. Amsterdam, January 23, 1987. Autumn meeting of the Dutch Society for Cell Biology and symposium: Cell biological basis of ageing. Veldhoven, October 15-16, 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3478194 TI - Comparative biodistributions and rates of catabolism of radiolabelled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody and control immunoglobulin in nude mice with human tumour xenografts showing specific antibody localization. AB - The rate of catabolism of a radiolabelled monoclonal anti-CEA antibody has been compared with that of control IgG1 in control nude mice and in mice with CEA producing xenografts and antigen negative xenografts. The rate of catabolism of antibody, but not of IgG, was increased 3-4 fold in mice with xenografts localizing the antibody, but not in mice with antigen negative tumours. There was no evidence of immune complex formation and/or clearance of antibody from the serum of xenografted mice and the current interpretation of these findings is that following tumour immune directed fixation, antibody is subsequently catabolized faster than in the general metabolic pool. The present data indicates that this is about six times as rapid as in the animal as a whole on a weight to weight tissue basis. PMID- 3478197 TI - An EORTC Gastrointestinal Group phase II evaluation of epirubicin combined with 5 fluorouracil in advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. AB - The EORTC Gastrointestinal Group has conducted a phase II trial in 47 patients with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with epirubicin 90 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 in combination with 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 in a 2 hr infusion day 1-4, every 4 weeks. Of 43 evaluable patients there were six early deaths due to tumour progression and one due to a cerebrovascular accident. There were six partial responses for a response rate of 14% including early deaths. The median survival for all patients was 4 months. It is concluded that the addition of 5-fluorouracil to epirubicin does not appear to enhance the therapeutic results of epirubicin alone. PMID- 3478198 TI - Idarubicin in sequential combination with cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of relapsed and refractory patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Sixteen adult patients with refractory acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) underwent reinduction therapy with idarubicin (12 mg/m2) i.v. on days 1-3) followed by cytosine arabinoside (120 mg/m2 every 12 h on days 4-10). Patients achieving complete remission (CR) received consolidation and early intensification courses which included idarubicin at lower dosage. CR was reached after a single course in 70% of the patients treated at first relapse, and two of the five subjects previously resistant to daunorubicin-containing regimens responded to the idarubicin protocol. The median duration of CR was 11 months. Gastrointestinal side-effects were not important; mild and reversible ECG changes were noted whereas delayed cardiac toxicity was not observed despite previous treatment with daunorubicin. These encouraging results confirm the efficacy of idarubicin in treating acute leukemia and suggest it may have a major role in the treatment of relapsed and refractory patients with ANLL. PMID- 3478199 TI - Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-induced contraction of isolated rabbit vascular smooth muscle. AB - The contractile effects of the phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) on rabbit basilar, renal, and saphenous arterial rings were investigated under various bathing conditions. At millimolar concentrations of Ca2+, the contractile responses with respect to both maximal contraction and sensitivity to PDBu were in the rank order basilar artery greater than renal artery greater than saphenous artery. Contractions were induced by PDBu also at micromolar concentrations of Ca2+. Depolarization of the cell membrane in the presence of micromolar Ca2+, which did not result in contraction of the vascular rings, caused a shift of the concentration response curves towards lower PDBu concentrations. These results are compatible with the assumption that PDBu induces contraction in vascular smooth muscle by activating protein kinase C. PMID- 3478200 TI - 4 beta-PDBu contracts parenchymal strip and synergizes with raised cytosolic calcium. AB - The effect of various concentrations of 4 beta-phorbol dibutyrate, (4-beta PDBu) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and 4 beta-phorbol didecanoate (4 beta-PDD) were studied on the guinea-pig parenchymal strip. The order of potency, 4 beta-PDBu greater than PMA greater than 4 beta-PDD, was the inverse of their lipid solubility. 4 beta-PDBu, 10(-9)-10(-4) M, caused a powerful, slow, sustained contraction starting within 2-3 min and reaching maximum in approximately 45 min, the maximum being 170% of the maximum histamine contraction. The responses to PMA and 4 beta-PDD were slower and less marked. 4 alpha-Phorbol dibutyrate had no effect. These results differ from those reported for guinea-pig trachea. In calcium-free Krebs solution + EGTA (1 mM) the cumulative concentration-response curve to 4 beta-PDBu was still obtained but was slower and was diminished. A23187, ionomycin and vanadate also caused contraction, the respective concentration ranges being 10(-7)-10(-5), 10(-8)-10(-6) and 10(-6)-10(-3) M. When a low concentration of 4 beta-PDBu, which on its own produced no effect, was given with a low concentration of A23187, ionomycin or vanadate, marked synergism was seen. These results are consistent with the model of smooth muscle contraction in which it was proposed that the initial response to stimulation is mediated by both the trisphosphate/calcium and diacylglycerol/protein kinase C pathways, while the sustained response is mediated by the diacylglycerol/protein kinase C pathway, only. PMID- 3478202 TI - Stereoradiography of the anterior maxilla. PMID- 3478203 TI - Tooth intrusion and facial morphology. A cephalometric study in adults, using the implant method. PMID- 3478201 TI - The Begg light wire technique and dentofacial development. PMID- 3478204 TI - Natural lip function in wind instrument players. PMID- 3478205 TI - The craniofacial morphology in individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome). A longitudinal cephalometric study of orthodontically untreated children. PMID- 3478206 TI - Growth rotation--a puzzle? PMID- 3478207 TI - Fusion and duplication: orthodontic treatment of a developmental anomaly. PMID- 3478208 TI - Relative deficiency of serine proteinase activities in spleens of aged mice. AB - We examined the relation of hydrolytic enzymes in spleen to the aging process in mice over a period of 30 months. When the enzymatic activities were expressed as activities per milligrams protein, those of serine proteinases and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (Gly-Pro-AP) significantly decreased with age, whereas that of L leucine aminopeptidase (Leu-AP) increased significantly. However, when expressed as total activities, the enzymatic activities in spleen generally tended to increase with age, except in the case of serine proteinases, because of the age related increase in spleen weight. The results were taken to indicate that the activities of serine proteinases become relatively more deficient in the spleen as age increases. The results of a multivariate study maintained this peculiarity of serine proteinases in comparison with other enzymes. The relative deficiency of serine proteinases in spleen may be somehow related to immunodeficiency in aged animals, as judged from similar findings in animal models of systemic erythematodes. PMID- 3478209 TI - Work-related respiratory diseases among Finnish farmers. PMID- 3478210 TI - Storage mites in the work environment of farmers. AB - Occurrence of storage mites was studied in cow houses and hay stores on 19 farms, most of which were located in eastern Finland. On two farms we did a monthly follow-up. Mites were extracted from hay by sieving, using the so-called "water trap" and for longitudinal analysis, with a warm extractor. The mites isolated in the water trap were identified under a microscope. Contrary to previous Finnish findings, there apparently were more mites in cow houses than in hay stores. In cow houses there were an average of 1,650 mites per gram of dust and in hay stores about 1,100 mites per gram of dust. Acarus siro was most abundant in cow houses (67% of all the mites found in cow houses) and more than 1,000 mites/g of sample material. The second most numerous was Tydeus spp. (178 mites/g of sample material). After that, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus longior, Glycyphagus domesticus occurred in about equal numbers. In hay stores Tydeus spp. was slightly more common (341 mites/g of sample material) than Acarus siro (317 mites/g of sample material). Lepidoglyphus destructor (64 mites/g of sample material), Glycyphagus domesticus (60 mites/g of sample material) and Mesostigmata (57 mites/g of dust) occurred in about equal numbers. According to the analysis based on one farm the number of mites in hay stores decreased considerably from September to February. Based on four measurements in the cow house of another farm, however, no steady trend of longitudinal variation could be found. Mites were most abundant at the beginning of January. There were few or no mites in bales of dry and unmoulded hay. PMID- 3478211 TI - Precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay in the sera of farmers with farmer's lung or chronic bronchitis and of healthy farmers. AB - The aim of this study was to determine which precipitins against four antigens in 2,440 farmers are associated with the occurrence of farmer's lung (FL). The antigen panel consisted of mycelial antigens of Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus umbrosus. As reference groups we used healthy farmers and those with chronic bronchitis. For the occurrence of precipitins against the four antigens there was a statistically significant difference between farmers with FL and healthy farmers but not between farmers with chronic bronchitis and healthy farmers. In a stepwise logistic linear regression analysis, farmers with FL and chronic bronchitis were compared to healthy farmers with respect to precipitins to the four antigens. Precipitins against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris differentiated farmers with FL (p less than 0.05) but not farmers with chronic bronchitis from healthy farmers. In Finland the occurrence of FL seems to be associated mainly with precipitins against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, not with precipitins against Micropolyspora faeni as in Great Britain, and not with precipitins of Aspergillus umbrosus, which occurred most frequently in the sera of Finnish farmers. This association is in accordance with the exposure to spores of airborne moulds in farmers' work environment, where spore concentrations of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris have been measured to be about six times higher than those of Micropolyspora faeni. PMID- 3478212 TI - Prevalence of serum precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay, and of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung with respect to farmers' occupational health hazards. AB - During the farmers' occupational health study 1979-82, the work conditions of 3,358 randomly selected farmers were investigated with respect to occurrence of work-related health hazards. The farmers also underwent a health examination in their local health centre, and precipitating antibodies against four microbes present in mouldy hay were analyzed. Results of the precipitin tests and the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung were analyzed with respect to the occurrence of work-related exposures to biological agents and dust in farming. The prevalence of antibodies against Aspergillus umbrosus was largest (6.9%) among farmers with biological health hazards. The occurrence of antibodies against any of the four microbes was associated more with work-related biological agents than with dust exposures. Chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung were also more common among farmers with exposures to biological agents and dust than among those without such exposures. The work conditions were investigated independently of the results of the health examinations. Occurrence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung are associated with the work-related health hazards in farming. For proper delivery of occupational health services methods of investigating work related health hazards need to be improved. PMID- 3478213 TI - Prognostic value of precipitins for working ability in dairy farmers. AB - In dairy farmers exposed to the microbes present in hay, precipitating antibodies against these microbes are frequently found regardless of the state of health of the farmer. The prognostic value of these antibodies for the future health and working ability of farmers was studied in a six-year follow-up survey of 292 farmers. During these six years, of the farmers aged 45-59 years in the primary survey, 14 men (22%) and 15 women (22%) had retired or changed occupation because of illness. Among the men, the presence of precipitins was negatively correlated with their working ability reported in the follow-up study. The risk of occupationally disabling respiratory disease was three times higher in men with precipitins against microbes present in mouldy hay than in precipitin-negative farmers of the same age. No similar correlation was found for women. PMID- 3478214 TI - Atopic sensitization of dairy farmers to work-related and common allergens. AB - Atopic sensitization was studied using skin tests on 93 randomly selected, non smoking dairy farmers. The farmers lived in the municipality of Pielavesi, in eastern Finland. The reference group consisted of 84 non-smoking teachers randomly selected from all the teachers employed by the city of Kuopio, which is in the same administrative district as Pielavesi. Thirty-four allergens were included in the test panel. For testing these allergens, we used the prick technique with disposable precision lancets. The prevalence of a positive skin test reaction (weal size at least 3 mm X 3 mm) was 19.4% among the farmers and 15.5% among the teachers. The number of positive reactions to cow epithelium was significantly greater among farmers than among teachers. Only to mugwort pollen did teachers have significantly more positive reactions than farmers. Teachers had stronger reactions than farmers to cat, dog, and horse epithelium. Farmers had significantly stronger reactions than teachers to cow epithelium and oat pollen. Our results emphasize the importance of cow epithelium and oat pollen as occupational sources of allergens among dairy farmers. PMID- 3478215 TI - Sensitization to storage mites and other work-related and common allergens among Finnish dairy farmers. AB - Skin-tests with the prick technique were made on 121 dairy farmers with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma (symptomatic subjects), 64 dairy farmers without respiratory symptoms (asymptomatic subjects), and 26 non-farming controls. The antigen panel consisted of the storage mites Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, as well as other work-related allergens (cereal grains, animal epithelia, fungi and yeasts), and common allergens (house dust mite, pollens). Mean areas of weals formed by individual allergens were adjusted by analysis of covariance for age, sex, and atopic background (past or present atopic dermatitis including infantile eczema). Adjusted mean weal areas for almost all allergens, except pollens and few other allergens, were significantly larger in farmers than in non-farming controls. In contrast, only skin reactions to cow dander, to a non-dialyzed crude preparation of fodder yeast Candida utilis, and to Candida albicans distinguished symptomatic subjects from asymptomatic ones. Stepwise discriminant analysis, in which reactions to all allergens as well as age, sex, and atopy were taken into account simultaneously, revealed that reactions to a dialysed preparation of fodder yeast best distinguished symptomatic farmers from asymptomatic ones. C. utilis and C. albicans may be cross-reactive. The results imply that skin tests alone are of limited value in the search for work-related causes of rhinitis or asthma among dairy farmers. Our study confirms the importance of cow dander as an occupational allergen in dairy farming. Fodder yeast seems to be another important occupational sensitizer. PMID- 3478216 TI - Lung function of farmers with respect to atopy and smoking. AB - This study was based on a sample of 1,831 farmers with no symptoms of the lower respiratory tract, which was taken from a larger survey population of 12,056 farmers. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were determined cross-sectionally in connection with health examinations at local health centres. Background data, which included age, sex, height, presence of atopic symptoms, and smoking habits, were gathered in a postal survey conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Mean FEV1 and mean FVC were adjusted for age, sex, and height; FEV1 was also adjusted for FVC. Although atopy (defined on the basis of past or present atopic dermatitis, including infantile eczema, and/or hay fever or other allergic rhinitis) had no effect on mean FEV1, mean FVC was lower in atopic than in non-atopic subjects. Both mean FEV1 and mean FVC were lower in smokers than in non-smokers. Smoking thus influenced both FEV1 and FVC, but affected FEV1 slightly more. The effects of atopy and smoking on FVC seemed to be additive. These results, which imply that atopy may predispose obstruction of small airways, match our previous finding that atopy and smoking increase the occurrence of chronic bronchitis additively. PMID- 3478217 TI - Effect of indoor feeding season for cattle on lung function of dairy farmers. AB - The effect of the indoor feeding season for cattle on pulmonary function was studied in 91 randomly selected healthy, non-smoking dairy farmers who did not use personal dust respirators. All the farmers lived in the rural municipality of Pielavesi in eastern Finland. The reference group consisted of 90 healthy, non smoking urban dwellers who were teachers randomly selected from all the teachers employed by the city of Kuopio (situated in the same administrative district as Pielavesi). Studies of pulmonary function included flow-volume spirometry and measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity. Among farmers, even a follow-up period of only 6 months was long enough to reveal restrictive impairment in lung function; among teachers restrictive impairment was not found. No evidence of impairment of pulmonary diffusing capacity was found in either of the study groups during the follow-up. Among teachers, changes in lung function did not differ from those previously reported as physiologically normal. PMID- 3478218 TI - Characteristics of farmers who have obtained personal dust respirators. AB - A postal survey was used to investigate the characteristics of farmers who have acquired dust respirators. In 1979 about a quarter of the farmers were using dust respirators, men more often than women. The more vocational training the farmer had and the larger the area of land under cultivation the more likely he was to own a dust respirator. Grain producers had purchased the protective devices more frequently than other farmers had. Farmers who participated in the occupational health intervention during 1980-82 had acquired dust respirators considerably more often than those in the control group. In the intervention group men under 30 years had most frequently purchased the dust respirators. Participation in the intervention influenced the acquisition of dust respirators more than did occurrence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis or farmer's lung. PMID- 3478219 TI - Protective value of powered dust respirator helmet for farmers with farmer's lung. AB - Seventeen victims of farmer's lung were monitored during two indoor feeding seasons for cattle. The victims, who had all recovered from the acute phase of the disease before entering the experiment, used powered helmets for respiratory protection (Air-Stream) equipped with Type P2 filters. Filters were changed once a week. The lung function of each subject was investigated at the beginning and towards the end of the indoor feeding season. Each subject kept a diary about the use of dust respirators, changing of filters, inconvenience related to the use of respirators, and symptoms experienced during the follow-up. None of the subjects reported symptoms they related to farmer's lung, and mean values for the lung function parameters (PEF, FEV1, FVC, DLCO, and KCO) did not decrease during the two follow-up periods. In contrast, mean DLCO and KCO increased slightly. At the very end of the both indoor feeding seasons, after the actual follow-up periods, one subject developed mild recurrences of the disease without deterioration detectable by radiology. The patient asserted that he had used the protective helmet properly. The results indicate that powered respirator helmets have protective value in farmer's lung and are appropriate for long-term use. A possibility remains, however, that the disease may recur in highly sensitized individuals, despite the use of efficient protective devices. Other measures for preventing or decreasing mould exposure are equally important. PMID- 3478220 TI - Total concentrations of dust in the air during farm work. AB - Total concentrations of dust in the air of work environments were measured on 20 Finnish farms during 1980-82. On 8 farms the main line of production was dairy farming, on 5 farms it was pig farming, on 4 farms poultry farming and on 3 farms grain production. Dust was measured by the gravimetric method according to the Finnish standard. Results were compared to the threshold limit value (TLV), which for inorganic dust is 10 mg/m3, and for organic dust 5 mg/m3. Mean concentrations of dust in the breathing zone exceeded the TLV for organic dust in all farm buildings, piggeries and poultry yards with coops having the highest mean concentrations, 12.6 mg/m3 and 12.8 mg/m3, respectively. Mean total concentrations of dust during seed dressing, harrowing, rolling and emptying the grain drier were 31.4, 14.0, 18.2 and 20.0 mg/m3, respectively. During sowing and haymaking, the total concentrations of dust were also high occasionally. PMID- 3478222 TI - Airborne moulds and actinomycetes in work environment of farmers. AB - The aim of this series of studies was to investigate the quality and quantity of farmers' exposure to airborne spores during the handling of hay or grain. In the beginning, the Petri dish method and later a six-stage Andersen sampler were used to collect the samples. The number of spores of mesophilic fungi, thermotolerant fungi, thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group were determined in order to find possible causative agents of farmer's lung disease. The level of exposure varied from 10(4) cfu/m3 to 10(7) cfu/m3 (cfu = colony forming unit). In hay, fungi of the A. glaucus group usually dominated. In grain the most common moulds were Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. In both hay and grain the most common thermophilic actinomycete was Thermoactinomyces vulgaris; Micropolyspora faeni was found less frequently. Silaging was found to be the best method to prevent moulding of hay. Chemicals added during baling did not satisfactorily prevent moulding of hay. For stored grain, however, the best results were obtained with propionic acid treatment. The quality and quantity of airborne spores found suggests that farm work exposes farmers to a high risk of becoming sensitized, which leads to the development of asthma or farmer's lung. Few of the methods presently available for making or storing hay and grain can satisfactorily prevent moulding. So far, use of personal dust respirators with a type P2 (previously II b) filter seems to be the only way to effectively diminish exposure to spores. PMID- 3478221 TI - Dust exposure in piggeries. AB - The aim of this study was to measure the total concentrations of dust in piggeries and to analyze the components of the dust. Dust samples were taken from 15 fattening pig and/or sow farms situated in southern Finland. Total concentrations of dust were measured by the gravimetric method; the organic portion of the total dust was determined by ashing, mass distribution determined by Cascade Centripeter sampler, count distribution by optical analyzer, and toxic metals of the total dust by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of total dust at stationary sampling sites were higher on fattening pig farms (9.4 +/- 1.7 mg/m3) (mean +/- SE) than on sow farms (5.2 +/- 1.2 mg/m3). The concentrations in the breathing zone were 8.6 +/- 2.7 mg/m3 and 7.9 +/- 3.2 mg/m3, respectively. The proportion of organic dust was about 90% in the dust of pig units. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the dust particles in pig fattening units was 11 micron. Concentrations of toxic metals (nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium) were very low. PMID- 3478223 TI - A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. AB - A strong fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated in the vegetable cheese Natto, which is a typical soybean food eaten in Japan. The average activity was calculated at about 40 CU (plasmin units)/g wet weight. This novel fibrinolytic enzyme, named nattokinase, was easily extracted with saline. The mol. wt and pI were about 20,000 and 8.6, respectively. Nattokinase not only digested fibrin but also the plasmin substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (S-2251), which was more sensitive to the enzyme than other substrates tried. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate and 2,2,2 trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl-o,o-dimethylphosphate strongly inhibited this fibrinolytic enzyme. PMID- 3478225 TI - Lingual lesions brought referral. PMID- 3478224 TI - Anorexia in oesophageal carcinoma. AB - The influence of anorexia on nutritional status and tumour resectability was prospectively assessed in 50 patients with oesophageal carcinoma and severe dysphagia. Among the 21 patients in whom anorexia was present, objective measurement of clinical status demonstrated that malnutrition was present in 13 (62%) and resection of the tumour was possible only in five (24%). On the contrary, among the 29 patients without anorexia, malnutrition was only present in five (17%) and resection of the tumour was possible in 24 (82%). We conclude that anorexia is a main determinant of malnutrition and that it is related to the tumour development independently of dysphagia. In patients with oesophageal carcinoma, the clinical assessment of anorexia must be used for evaluating nutritional status before surgery. The presence of anorexia suggests a widespread tumour or a disseminated cancer and it might explain the poor nutritional effects of palliative intubation in non resectable tumour. PMID- 3478226 TI - AIDS and dental practice--Part II: The oral manifestations of AIDS and ARC. PMID- 3478227 TI - Is the bull market over? PMID- 3478228 TI - How to take the guesswork out of dental esthetics and function. PMID- 3478229 TI - Early detection of bone loss in the dental patient. PMID- 3478230 TI - Risk management. Insurance problems, patient profiles, loss prevention. PMID- 3478231 TI - The legend of litigation. PMID- 3478232 TI - Histochemical localization of delta 5-3 beta-HSDH activity in preovulatory rat follicles. AB - Rat ovarian follicles were isolated at 3 different hours before ovulation (at 16, 24 and 2 h) and the activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSDH) was examined by means of a new embedding technique. The activity of the enzyme in the theca interna cells, though the most intense one, was constant throughout the period of the time examined. It was the granulosa cells that showed the changing pattern of the activity: the reaction was strong there at 16 h and much weaker at 24 and 2 h (i.e. just before ovulation). The granulosa cells lying near the antrum displayed usually weaker reaction than those in the mural region. These differences in the enzyme activity between the mural and antral regions correlated with the morphological differenciation of granulosa cells into the two regions. PMID- 3478233 TI - Patient motivation: a challenge for preventive dentistry. PMID- 3478234 TI - Update in basic life support. PMID- 3478235 TI - Preparing a Tofflemire matrix retainer. PMID- 3478238 TI - [Cystostomy: treatment of choice of follicular cysts in children]. PMID- 3478237 TI - [Long-term results of acute dental trauma]. PMID- 3478236 TI - Alcoholism: the dental assistant's role in intervention. PMID- 3478239 TI - [Facial esthetics: the silhouette of the profile as a comparative evaluation]. PMID- 3478240 TI - [Operational problems in decontamination of the dental office. I]. PMID- 3478241 TI - [Oral surgery in children's dentistry]. PMID- 3478242 TI - [Extra-articular mandibular ankylosis secondary to extraction of an impacted upper 3d molar]. PMID- 3478243 TI - [Orthodontic extrusion and periodontal alignment. Indications and theoretical considerations. I]. PMID- 3478244 TI - [Nimesulide in clinical dental practice]. PMID- 3478245 TI - [Laser therapy in post-extraction alveolitis]. PMID- 3478246 TI - [Sealants: materials and application technics]. PMID- 3478248 TI - Do you belong in the Yellow Pages? PMID- 3478247 TI - [A case of sialolithiasis with involvement of a calculus in Wharton's duct]. PMID- 3478250 TI - High-tech dentistry: what does the future hold? PMID- 3478249 TI - Staff salaries and benefits: national and regional survey. PMID- 3478251 TI - Dropping dental school enrollments: good for dentists or bad for dentistry? PMID- 3478252 TI - Drugs in dentistry. NSAIDs: the new analgesics. PMID- 3478253 TI - Education and regulation: the tangled web. PMID- 3478255 TI - The impact of expanded functions legislation on a baccalaureate degree dental hygiene curriculum. PMID- 3478254 TI - The effect of expanded duties legislation on dental hygiene education and practice in California. PMID- 3478256 TI - The effect of extended functions legislation on dental hygiene education and practice in California. PMID- 3478257 TI - The challenge of legislation: making the dream a reality. PMID- 3478258 TI - Smokeless tobacco. The role of the dental hygienist. PMID- 3478259 TI - A smokeless tobacco education program. PMID- 3478260 TI - Helping patients quit smoking. The dental hygienist's role. PMID- 3478261 TI - Reaping more profits from the Yellow Pages. PMID- 3478263 TI - Saving for success. PMID- 3478262 TI - How to stay stressed in your dental practice. PMID- 3478264 TI - Changing roles in practice management. PMID- 3478265 TI - New ideas from new management. Interview by Penny Elliot Anderson. PMID- 3478266 TI - The camera is a practice-builder. PMID- 3478267 TI - Let staff contribute to practice success. PMID- 3478268 TI - The difficult extraction: 3 [ii] upper wisdom teeth. PMID- 3478269 TI - Chemotherapy and childhood cancer: dental implications. PMID- 3478270 TI - A clinical approach: 3. Chronic head and facial pain [ii]. PMID- 3478271 TI - Idiopathic cervicofacial suppurative lymphadenitis in infancy. PMID- 3478272 TI - In defence of education. PMID- 3478273 TI - The Belle Maudsley memorial lecture 1986. Treatment of maxillary retrusion in a case of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3478274 TI - The difficult extraction: 4. Unerupted lower premolars. PMID- 3478275 TI - Oral surgery in general practice: techniques and scope. PMID- 3478277 TI - Cell density influences hormonal responsiveness but not lipoprotein utilization in cultured bovine luteal cells. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of cell density on hormonal responsiveness and lipoprotein utilization by cultured bovine luteal cells. Luteal cells obtained from regularly cycling dairy cows were plated at three culture densities: 0.5 X 10(6), 1 X 10(6) and 2 X 10(6) cells/flask in serum-free Ham's F-12 culture medium, and maintained for 9 days. Basal steroidogenesis was unaffected by cell density, while LH responsiveness was greatest in low density cultures. Progesterone produced in response to LH (10 ng/ml) was greater than control levels throughout the culture period in low density cultures. Luteal cells cultured at medium and high densities became responsive to LH only later in the culture period (days 5 and 9, respectively). In contrast, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha, 100 ng/ml) was more effective in high density cultures, causing a complete inhibition of LH stimulation and returning progesterone levels to basal values. In low density cultures, treatment with PGF2 alpha + LH resulted in progesterone levels that were not significantly different from LH-treated cultures. There was no effect of cell density on utilization of either low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) for steroidogenesis. However, a synergistic effect of LH with either lipoprotein was observed in low and medium density, but not high density cultures. From these results, it is concluded that culture density can influence the responsiveness of bovine luteal cells to either LH or PGF2 alpha, but has no effect on lipoprotein utilization by these cells. PMID- 3478276 TI - Effect of prostaglandins E2 and 15-methyl F2 alpha on human pregnant and non pregnant cervix. AB - Forty-two women of reproductive age were studied in two equal groups (group I, first-trimester pregnant; group II, non-pregnant). Each group included three equal sub-groups; subgroup A received intra-cervical 15-Me PGF2 alpha gel, B received intracervical PGE2 gel and C received intra-cervical gel alone as placebo. Three different staining techniques were employed to study the histological picture and histochemical alterations of cervical biopsies. These showed that PG-treated cervices presented significant changes compared to placebo in terms of more widely dissociated connective tissue bundles that are separated by clear spaces and an increase in the amount of ground substance. Moreover, the observed changes in pregnant sub-groups were more evident than in the corresponding non-pregnant cases. PMID- 3478278 TI - Cellular competition in the development of ocular tissues in allophenic mice. AB - C57BL/6 mice exhibit impaired lens development as evidenced by competition studies with allophenic (chimeric) mice. Strain-specific differences in electrophoretic forms of glucose phosphate isomerase were exploited to determine the strain composition of various ocular and nonocular tissues in allophenic mice constructed from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 strains. As expected, there was variation from one animal to the next in overall mosaic composition, as well as variation among most ocular and nonocular tissues within individual animals. In contrast, when individual lenses from the same animals were assayed there was a marked and consistent deficiency of the C57BL/6 component. Control experiments indicated that these results are not the consequence of peculiarities of marker enzyme expression in the lens. Since lens formation occurs early in embryogenesis any anomaly at this stage could influence the normal induction of later ocular structures. We believe that the impaired lens-forming capacity of C57BL/6 mice may be the underlying cause of the 5-10% frequency of overt ocular defects in this strain. PMID- 3478279 TI - Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and PGE2 in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients during exercise. AB - The capacity of prostacyclin production determined as plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was investigated in 12 type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with a median duration of diabetes of 14 years during ordinary metabolic control. Using high pressure liquid chromatography preceding radioimmunoassay, the plasma concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, was determined at rest and after a standardised bicycle exercise test. The plasma 6 keto-PGF1 alpha in diabetic patients at rest did not differ from that of 25 healthy volunteers; 2.9 pg/ml (range less than 0.2-15.3) versus 1.7 pg/ml (range less than 0.2-16.6). During the exercise test plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased significantly in the diabetic patients as well as in the control group (p less than 0.05). The increment of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the diabetic patients was neither related to the metabolic regulation, duration of diabetes nor to changes in platelet volume, platelet number or the production of thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2. Our results do not support the hypothesis that Type 1 diabetic patients have a decreased capacity of prostanoid production, as suggested from in vitro studies. PMID- 3478280 TI - Interrelationship between arginine vasotocin, prostaglandin, and uterine contractility in the control of oviposition in the hen (Gallus domesticus). AB - Uterine electromyographic activity (EMG), plasma concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) F and E, and arginine vasotocin (AVT) were simultaneously measured in relation to PGE2-induced premature oviposition and to indomethacin-blocked oviposition in chickens. The administration of indomethacin (5 mg, im) 3 hr before the predicted time of oviposition delayed egg lay by 8-14 hr, whereas control hens laid eggs at the predicted time. In indomethacin-treated hens increases in uterine EMG activity and plasma concentrations of PGF, PGE, and AVT were not observed at the expected time of oviposition, whereas a marked increase in plasma PGF and AVT occurred during spontaneous oviposition. The intrauterine administration of PGE2 (1 microgram) 3 hr before predicted oviposition induced premature egg lay within 5 min. Premature oviposition was accompanied by significant elevations in both uterine EMG activity and plasma levels of AVT. Changes in plasma levels of PGF and PGE were not observed. When premature oviposition was induced, significant increases in EMG activity and plasma concentrations of PGF and AVT were observed at the expected time of oviposition in the absence of an egg in the uterus. The administration of PGE2 at the predicted time of oviposition in hens pretreated with indomethacin induced oviposition which was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma AVT levels. The results suggest that AVT release is stimulated by uterine contractility in chickens. PMID- 3478282 TI - Nonrandom segregation: uniformly most powerful test and related considerations. AB - When nonrandom segregation of marker haplotypes from parents to offspring is detected, leading to an increased parental haplotype sharing by affected offspring, an association between the disease and the marker loci is often inferred. In this paper, we provide the uniformly most powerful test for testing nonrandom segregation, and compare the power of this test with another test that is available in the literature. Other statistical properties of the two tests are also discussed. Further, since nonrandom segregation can result from linkage of the disease and marker loci, when the hypothesis of random segregation is rejected, it is of interest to estimate the underlying parameter assuming linkage. We provide an estimation procedure. PMID- 3478281 TI - Association between polymorphic blood markers and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a large pedigree. AB - A large pedigree with high prevalence of heart disease is investigated to analyse the association between polymorphic blood markers and quantitative risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The analysis incorporates a familial correlation structure among the individuals in the pedigree and a generalized power transformation to induce approximate residual normality of the risk factors. A total of 380 marker/risk factor combinations are analysed, and at the normal 1% significance level, positive associations are found between the A antigen of the ABO locus and both serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negative associations are found between the B antigen of the ABO locus and serum total cholesterol, and between the B allele of acid phosphatase (AP) locus and systolic blood pressure. PMID- 3478283 TI - [Linkage between quantitative and marker loci. V. Joint analysis of various marker and quantitative traits]. AB - New versions are suggested to analyse marker and quantitative characters combinations. Possible modes of application of the algorithms developed for recombination analysis are discussed, including: 1) the estimation of crossing over frequency between markers with incomplete penetrance, 2) the quantitative character variability account to analyse genetic interference, 3) search for genetic factors affecting a set of quantitative characters, 4) the evaluation of differences between male and female meiosis at the crossingover level etc. PMID- 3478284 TI - [Local anesthesia in endodontics]. PMID- 3478285 TI - [Introduction to sedation technics in dentistry]. PMID- 3478286 TI - Rapid determination of five coagulation parameters in one sample with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - Spectrophotometric clotting assays using chromogenic substrates were adapted for use in a routine laboratory batch analyzer. Contrary to another described method the same plasma dilution can be used for each of the different coagulation parameters. Optimal assay conditions were determined. The within- and between assay variation, the intraindividual variation during 1 day and from month-to month were determined; the chromogenic assay was compared to a clotting assay. No significant difference (p less than 0.01) between manual and automated methods was found. PMID- 3478288 TI - [Role of the orthodontist for the motivation toward therapeutic measures in oral surgery]. PMID- 3478287 TI - [Local premature eruption of enormous tooth crowns with root resorption and lymphangioma of the labial mucosa]. PMID- 3478290 TI - [Structure of the initial orthodontic consultation]. PMID- 3478289 TI - [Motivation in the treatment of cheilognathopalatoschisis patients--a psychosocial study]. PMID- 3478291 TI - [Diagnosis of the relation of the temporomandibular joint to occlusion. An intraoperative control procedure for optimizing oral surgery interventions in connection with bone plate osteosynthesis]. PMID- 3478292 TI - [Pathological changes in the maxillary sinus--important secondary findings in orthodontic x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 3478293 TI - Anti-HIV-antibodies in tears of patients with AIDS. PMID- 3478295 TI - New JCAHO fees based on patient volume. PMID- 3478296 TI - Methods for studying recombination on chromosomes that undergo nondisjunction. AB - A lod score method is provided for mapping genes relative to the centromere using family data from autosomal trisomies. Such gene-centromere mapping can be performed whenever two or more members of a meiotic tetrad can be recovered. The critical mapping parameter is not the recombination value theta or the map distance omega, but the probability of nonreduction in a heterozygous host, the probability of heterozygosity (nonreduction) is 1-gamma/2 for a meiosis I error and gamma for a meiosis II error. Under various assumptions regarding chiasma interference, gamma can be related to theta and omega. We provide specific methods for estimating gamma and theta from trisomy data using maximum likelihood, so that recombination may be studied on chromosomes that underwent nondisjunction. PMID- 3478294 TI - Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of solon, a synthetic flavonoid derivative of sophoradin. AB - Solon, a synthetic isoprenyl flavonoid derived from sophoradin isolated from the root of an ancient Chinese plant, administered orally to rats, prevented, dose dependently, the formation of acute gastric lesions produced by absolute ethanol given orally. Solon also enhanced the healing of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcerations induced by the serosal application of acetic acid. The gastroprotective action of Solon was probably mediated by increased mucosal content of prostaglandins (PG) due mainly to the inhibition of 15-OH prostaglandin dehydrogenase. The ulcer-healing action of Solon was probably related to the stimulation of mucus-alkaline secretion, increased mucosal blood flow and the formation of a protective barrier on the ulcer base. PMID- 3478297 TI - Multipoint linkage analysis of steroid sulfatase (X-linked ichthyosis) and distal Xp markers. AB - Six families with steroid sulfatase deficiency (STS; X-linked ichthyosis) have been studied with the Xg blood group (XG) and the DNA markers dic56 (DXS143), 782 (DXS85), pD2 (DXS43), and GMGX9. Carrier status of females was determined by assay of STS in hair roots. GMGX9 detects a frequent restriction fragment length polymorphism and also identifies a deletion in the majority of families with STS deficiency, including five of the six reported here. The linkage relationship of this marker to the others was studied in normal three-generation families yielding 32 phase-known meioses informative for two or more markers. No recombinants were observed between STS and GMGX9, giving a maximum lod score of 8.73 at zero recombination. Multipoint linkage analysis taking STS and GMGX9 as a single locus and incorporating two-point marker data and STS-XG data from published studies gave the map (Sequence: see text). This order was 2.4 times more likely than with (STS,GMGX9) and dic56 reversed and is supported by our findings in a male with steroid sulfatase deficiency due to a deletion of Xp22.3 which encompasses the XG locus. He is deleted for GMGX9 but shows normal hybridization to dic56 and 782. PMID- 3478298 TI - Localization of the gene for the erythroid anion exchange protein, band 3 (EMPB3), to human chromosome 17. AB - We have isolated genomic DNA clones which code for the human erythroid membrane protein band 3 (EMPB3). The identification of the gene has been confirmed by comparison of the amino acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence for two restriction fragments from the 5' end of the gene. Two exons have been identified. One exon encodes 20 amino acids which are identical to residues 36 to 56 of the band 3 protein, and the other encodes 44 amino acids homologous to residues 118 to 162. Southern analysis of genomic DNA derived from a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, which retain different complements of human chromosomes, with band 3 probes has allowed us to localize EMPB3 to human chromosome 17. The gene has been further localized between 17q21 and qter by analysis of DNA from somatic cell hybrids which carry derivative chromosomes from translocations involving chromosome 17 and either chromosome 15 or 21. PMID- 3478299 TI - A primary genetic linkage map for human chromosome 12. AB - A primary genetic map for human chromosome 12 has been constructed from data on 23 restriction fragment length polymorphic systems collected in 38 normal families with large sibships. Linkage analysis of the genotypic data has ordered 16 loci into a continuous genetic map of 111 cM in males and 258 cM in females. Although most of the genetic map reflects a higher rate of recombination in females relative to males, significantly more frequent recombination was observed in males than in females in intervals between loci on the distal portion of the short arm of the chromosome. The mapping data shown here will serve as a first step toward a high-resolution genetic map for human chromosome 12. PMID- 3478300 TI - Some blood genetic markers in the Korkus of Central India. AB - A sample of 102 individuals from the Korkus tribe, an Australoid race inhabiting Central India, was studied for the distribution of haemoglobin and ten red cell enzyme types. Polymorphism was observed in G6P dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, adenylate kinase and glyoxalase I types and in phosphoglucomutase subtypes. The lactate and malate dehydrogenases, glucose phosphate isomerase and superoxide dismutase systems were monomorphic. A single case of HbAS was observed. The Korkus were found to have GdA+; lower frequencies of pa, AK2, GLO1 and PGM2+ were observed in the Korkus in comparison to other related tribes and caste Hindus of the same region. PMID- 3478301 TI - New LICID President, Mrs. Debbie DeSalvo, charts course for the future. PMID- 3478303 TI - Educating patients about dentists fees--a "patient letter". PMID- 3478302 TI - Dental liability insurance...problems and policies examined. PMID- 3478304 TI - CARIDEX: the gentle alternative? PMID- 3478305 TI - Unusual thoracic manifestation of retropharyngeal abscess. PMID- 3478306 TI - The structural gene for F liver protein (Flp) maps to chromosome 5 of the mouse. AB - The BXD and AKXL panels of recombinant inbred mouse strains have been typed for the F liver protein alloantigen. The structural gene for F liver protein gene (Flp) is placed on the distal part of chromosome 5, between the known markers Bcd 1 and Gus-s. This excludes the possibility that F liver protein is a major histocompatibility complex molecule, and in turn raises a question about the uniqueness of F and certain other proteins as purgers of self-reactivity among T but not B cells. The typed RI strains have then been used for the immunogenetic studies presented in the succeeding article. PMID- 3478307 TI - Correlation of cytogenetic findings with clinical manifestation in chronic phase of myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3478308 TI - Effect of dialyzer membranes on in vitro generation of eicosanoids. AB - Eicosanoids are potent substances released from blood cells after contact with foreign materials. Eicosanoid generation, in addition to complement fragment formation, may be a valuable indicator of the biocompatibility of dialyzer membranes. In the present in vitro study, eicosanoid generation induced by several different flat dialyzer membranes [polyacrylonitrile (PAN), cuprammonium cellulose (CC), and polycarbonate (PC)] was evaluated and compared using blood from non-uremic healthy volunteers. Generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was greatest with PC followed by PAN and CC. The formation of C3a des arg with PAN was less than with either CC or PC. Our results suggest that dialyzer membranes affect complement activation and eicosanoid generation differently; biocompatibility as expressed by a low level of complement fragment formation does not necessarily translate into biocompatibility when considering eicosanoid generation. PMID- 3478309 TI - Experimental combination chemotherapy of ACNU and 5-FU against cultured glioma model (spheroid) and subcutaneous rat glioma. AB - The effects of combination chemotherapy of ACNU and 5-FU on cells grown exponentially as monolayers, cells in multi-cell spheroids and in s.c. transplanted tumors of rat glioma clone-6 cells were analyzed by the colony forming assay. The cytotoxic effect of ACNU on cells in spheroids was enhanced by continuous 5-FU pretreatment for several hours, but further enhancement was obtained only if the 5-FU pretreatment lasted for more than 12 hr. The combined effect was decreased by a drug-free interval due to recovery from potentially lethal 5-FU damage, but ACNU treatment immediately after 5-FU treatment suppressed PLD recovery. Analysis with sequential trypsinization of spheroids indicated that ACNU showed more marked cytotoxicity on cells in the deeper layers in spheroids than on those in the outer layers, whereas the effect of 5-FU decreased towards the deeper cell layers. Enhancement of treatment with ACNU combined with 5-FU was evident for cells in the outer layers, but was more remarkable in the deeper layers. The combined effect of ACNU and 5-FU on s.c. tumors was similar to that in spheroids. The effect of combined treatment of ACNU with 5-FU on increase in body weight was within the additive range of both drugs acting independently, but was more than additive for the growth delay of s.c. tumors. PMID- 3478310 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of intravenous and oral idarubicin in cancer patients. AB - Idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) is a new anthracycline analogue which lacks the methoxyl group at the C-4 position of the aglycone moiety. The present study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of idarubicin in man. The drug was administered at 3-week intervals to six patients by both intravenous and oral routes. Doses used were 13-15 mg/m2 intravenous and 45 mg/m2 p.o. Plasma levels of unchanged idarubicin and of its metabolite idarubicinal were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After intravenous administration the plasma levels of the unchanged drug declined very rapidly reaching the sensitivity limits of the analytical method (1-2 ng/ml) 24 h after dosing. Plasma levels of idarubicinal reached a peak of about 10 ng/ml within two hours then decreased very slowly with a plasma t1/2 of about 2.5 days. After the oral dose of 45 mg/m2, the plasma level patterns of both parent compound and the idarubicinal were roughly similar to those after 15 mg/m2 intravenous except for the obvious difference linked to the absorption of idarubicin. The absorption of oral idarubicin was rapid and, in terms of area under curve of the metabolite, the availability after oral administration can be estimated as about 30% of the dose. The urine findings reflected the plasma situation. The metabolite levels were much higher and longer lasting than those of the parent compound. Urinary recovery after intravenous (16% of the dose in four days) and oral administration (approximately 5% of the dose) confirmed the 30% absorption estimated on the basis of plasma levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478312 TI - [Programming of dental services in the city of Palermo (analysis of costs and operating levels)]. PMID- 3478311 TI - [The morphology of the temporomandibular joint fossa: radiologic study]. PMID- 3478313 TI - [Chronic painful sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. A rarely observed case]. PMID- 3478314 TI - [A case of neurinoma of the mental nerve]. PMID- 3478315 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of 3 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 3478316 TI - [Initial experience with the use of Clofoctol]. PMID- 3478317 TI - [Periodontal pathology in a particular case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 3478318 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans in human normal gingiva and in periodontosis: biochemical and histological observations]. PMID- 3478319 TI - [Sensitivity and resistance of Bacteroides in the oral cavity to penicillins]. PMID- 3478320 TI - [Macroglossia]. PMID- 3478321 TI - Gastric mucosa protective effects of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (DE-NOL). AB - We evaluated the gastric mucosal protective properties of the anti-ulcer drug, colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS; DE-NOL), and its ability to stimulate mucosal synthesis of PGE2 in the rat. Gastric lesions were induced by ethanol and quantified by a visual scoring procedure. CBS was about 3-4 times more protective than sucralfate at reducing lesions. PGE2 displayed potent activity in this model, though cimetidine displayed only weak activity. Increasing the concentration of a standard dose of CBS in the rat stomach enhanced the protective activity against ethanol lesions. Pretreatment of rats with CBS led to complete, partial and no protection at 0.25, 8 and 16 h respectively. PGE2 generation in gastric mucosa biopsies was dose-dependently increased by oral CBS and peak synthesis occurred at 0.25 h. Although partial protection against ethanol lesions was found 8 h after CBS, basal levels of PGE2 generation had already returned at 4 h. Indomethacin blocked CBS-stimulated generation of PGE2, but only partially blocked the protection against ethanol-induced lesions. These findings indicated that CBS protects the rat gastric mucosa against ethanol lesions and both prostaglandin- and non-prostaglandin-mediated mechanisms could contribute to this protection. PMID- 3478322 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of 4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin and other anthracyclines in the human tumor clonogenic assay. AB - A new halogenated anthracycline analog 4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin (IODO) was compared with doxorubicin (DOX) and deoxydoxorubicin (DEOX) in the human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) using human tumor cell lines. For all cell lines tested, IODO had lower ID50 value and thus greater in vitro potency and cytotoxicity than DOX. DEOX had lower average ID50 values than either IODO or DOX in all cell lines except HEC1A, where DEOX was equal to IODO. Analysis of variance likewise confirmed significantly greater activity for IODO versus DOX in most cell lines tested. Previous in vivo studies demonstrate oral activity in a variety of tumors as well as less cardiotoxicity. Thus, the results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that IODO is an active compound of potential clinical interest. PMID- 3478323 TI - Intracerebral calcification in a child. PMID- 3478324 TI - The limits of genetic inquiry. AB - Within the next few years scientists will almost certainly have pieced together a broad map of the major gene locations on the twenty-three human chromosomes. The rapid unfolding of this new knowledge raises new questions: What limits, if any, should be imposed on its acquisition? Who should control the wealth of resulting data? How should it be used? If, because of a deep-seated need for certitude, many persons are likely to perceive a positive gene probe test as an indicator of biologic destiny, probes may acquire a misleading status in our medical armamentarium. PMID- 3478325 TI - Pectoralis minor flaps: an experimental study and clinical applications of osteomuscular, osteomyocutaneous, and myocutaneous models. AB - The pectoralis minor myocutaneous, osteomyocutaneous, and osteomuscular flaps were used in 14 patients. Thirteen cases had mandibular replacement, with bilateral flap application in three. The first eight flaps incorporated the fifth rib and the last eight flaps included the sixth rib. In the last four cases, the flap was transferred through a subclavicular tunnel. A mentum defect was present in 11 patients. There was one total flap necrosis due to venous thrombosis caused by surgical trauma. The flap provides rich vascularization and versatility, requires a small volume, and does not present serious sequelae to the donor site. It may be performed by a two-team approach and is a valid option for head and neck reconstruction. PMID- 3478327 TI - Acquired pseudo eating disorder. An imitation or fabrication of anorexia nervosa. AB - Acquired pseudo eating disorder is a condition characterized by the development or fabrication of symptoms corresponding to an eating disorder in a patient hospitalized for an unrelated medical illness, who has previously been exposed to a patient(s) with anorexia nervosa. Two adolescent patients developed an eating disorder during medical hospitalization. Both acquired the condition while hospitalized for another reason (myelomeningocele and multiple sclerosis, respectively). The potential psychodynamics suggested the selection of an "eating disorder," amenable to control, over the reality of a threatening illness that was experienced as being out of control. Thus, the new and dramatic symptoms appeared to serve as a defense against a pervasive underlying depression. The patient's loudly proclaimed "eating disorder" seemed to originate from the imitation of anorexia nervosa patients. Recognition of this hospital-acquired pseudo eating disorder and appropriate counseling resulted in rapid resolution of the symptoms. It is possible to identify a pseudo eating disorder developing during a hospitalization and differentiate it from "true" anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3478326 TI - Influence of various factors on binding of 67Ga to polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - We have studied in vitro, factors that influence the uptake of 67Ga-citrate by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Citrate at 20 mM concentration decreased the uptake to 1% of control values. Uptake increased as a function of increased microCi of 67Ga/10(7) cells added and incubation time from 0 to 120 min. Uptake decreased somewhat as the incubation pH was lowered from 7.4 to 6.0. Our results suggest that, in vivo, these cells would accumulate 67Ga as the inflammatory lesion progresses while the acidic milieu would modestly reduce uptake. PMID- 3478328 TI - In-vitro activity of two new carbapenems FCE 22101 and CGP 31608 in comparison with imipenem. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of two new penems, CGP 31608 and FCE 22101 were evaluated against 993 aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and compared with imipenem. FCE 22101 was usually two to eight-fold more active than CGP 31608 except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa against which FCE 22101 was inactive. Both new penems were less active than imipenem. MBCs were equal to 1-2 X MICs. The effects of inocula, cations and serum were minimal. The MICs and MBCs were higher at pH 8 than at pH 6 or 7. Synergy between the new penems and amikacin was detected in 30% of the strains studied. Antagonism occurred with some Gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 3478329 TI - Bactericidal activity and killing rate of serum against gram-positive cocci in volunteers receiving imipenem, oxacillin, vancomycin or ampicillin plus gentamicin. AB - The serum bactericidal activity and rate of killing of serum was studied in two groups of ten volunteers receiving imipenem 500 mg, oxacillin 3 g and vancomycin 1 g given iv (Group 1) or imipenem 500 mg, vancomycin 1 g, and ampicillin 3 g plus gentamicin 80 mg iv (Group 2). Serum samples collected 30 min, 1 h and 6 h after the start of a 15 min infusion were tested against Staphylococcus aureus susceptible (five strains) or resistant (five strains) to oxacillin, Staphylococcus epidermidis susceptible to (five strains) or resistant (five strains) to oxacillin (Group 1), and against Streptococcus faecalis (four strains), Streptococcus spp. (six strains). All strains of streptococci had been isolated from patients with endocarditis. Imipenem produced the highest bactericidal titres against susceptible staphylococci whereas vancomycin produced the highest titres against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci. Against "non faecalis" streptococci, imipenem was equivalent to ampicillin plus gentamicin, whereas ampicillin plus gentamicin was the most active regimen against Str. faecalis. The study of the rate of killing of serum showed that imipenem was able to kill initially 1.5 log cfu/ml of Str. faecalis but this was followed by regrowth. A similar regrowth was observed with oxacillin-resistant staphylococci. Killing curves in broth were studied with imipenem at two temperatures (30 and 37 degrees C) and two initial inocula (10(5) and 10(6) cfu/ml) for 48 h of incubation against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci; regrowth occurred more rapidly with a high initial inoculum and low temperature of incubation despite a rapid initial killing. Gentamicin was found significantly to increase the rate of killing of imipenem against Str. faecalis in killing curves in broth. In conclusion, imipenem showed excellent activity, as assessed by the measure of the bactericidal titres and rate of killing in serum, against the studied strains with the exception of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and Str. faecalis. PMID- 3478330 TI - Emergence of ofloxacin-resistant Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas maltophilia after ofloxacin therapy. PMID- 3478331 TI - Decreased erythrocyte penetration of pefloxacin in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 3478332 TI - Kleine-Levin syndrome: unrecognized diagnosis in adolescent psychiatry. PMID- 3478334 TI - Lipids of human promyelocytic leukemia cell HL-60: increasing levels of ether linked phospholipids during retinoic acid-induced differentiation. AB - Cells of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 as well as HL-60 granulocytes induced in vitro by retinoic acid were examined for lipid composition. One of our original aims was to clarify how human granulocyte (differentiated HL-60 cells) synthesized enough precursors of lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins and/or platelet activating factor. Comparison studies yielded the following results. 1) After granulocyte differentiation, total phospholipid of HL-60 cells decreased to about 70% of that of untreated cells, while the content of triglyceride increased to about 200% of the original level. 2) The subclass composition of ethanolamine-containing glycerophospholipid was greatly altered during differentiation; 1-alkenyl-2-acyl glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) increased to 166% of that in the untreated cells, while 1,2-diacyl GPE decreased to 46% of the original value. The resultant profile became very similar to that of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 3) During differentiation, the amount of arachidonic acid stored in both phospholipid and triglyceride of retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells significantly increased. Its distribution was also modified; arachidonic acid in 1,2-diacyl GPE decreased to 63%, while those of 1-alkenyl-2-acyl GPE, choline containing glycerophospholipids, and phosphatidylinositol increased to 169, 154, and 153%, respectively. These results suggested that the regulatory mechanism of lipid turnover in HL-60 cells was modified during retinoic acid-induced granulocyte differentiation. The alterations were not enough to explain fully the capability of differentiated HL-60 cells to produce lipid mediators upon stimulation, but they were probably one of the factors that regulate these reactions. PMID- 3478333 TI - Isolation and nitrogenase activity of vesicles from Frankia sp. strain EAN1pec. AB - Vesicles, specialized cell structures thought to be the site of nitrogen fixation in the actinorhizal bacteria, were isolated from Frankia sp. strain EAN1pec by using French pressure disruption of mycelia followed by differential and isopycnic gradient centrifugation. The isolated vesicles reduced acetylene when incubated anaerobically with Mg2+ ions, ATP, and dithionite. No nitrogenase activity was detected in the disrupted mycelial fractions. Vesicles permeabilized by freeze-thaw or detergents showed increased rates of acetylene reduction due to increased permeability of dithionite. The effect on nitrogenase activity of different ATP concentrations was the same in normal and permeabilized vesicles. The endogenous respiratory rate of vesicles was significantly lower than that of mycelia, and the respiration rate of vesicles did not increase following the addition of succinate. The low respiratory activity of vesicles and their apparent dependence on externally supplied ATP for acetylene reduction suggest that the energy and reducing power for nitrogen fixation may be supplied from the mycelia to which they are attached. PMID- 3478336 TI - Osteosarcoma arising in a melorheostotic femur. A case report. PMID- 3478335 TI - Regulated expression of the platelet-derived growth factor A chain gene in microvascular endothelial cells. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is composed of homologous polypeptide chains, termed A and B, that are expressed as mitogenically active A-A, B-B, or A B dimers. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that PDGF B chain mRNA expression is stimulated in microvascular endothelial cells by phorbol esters (PMA), thrombin, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and blocked by agents that elevate cyclic AMP (cAMP). Here we report the first evidence that the expression of A chain mRNA is also regulated in these cells. PDGF A chain mRNA levels were increased 5-25-fold by phorbol esters, thrombin, and TGF-beta. Transcripts of four different sizes were induced. The increase in A chain mRNA stimulated by TGF-beta was more prolonged (peak 4 h, duration 48 h) than the increase stimulated by PMA and thrombin (peak 4 h, duration 8 h). Among the agents known to increase B chain mRNA levels, PMA was most efficacious, followed in decreasing order by thrombin and TGF-beta. However, for A chain mRNA induction by these same agents, the order was reversed; TGF-beta was most efficacious, followed in decreasing order by thrombin and PMA. Agents that elevate cyclic AMP, known to block induction of B chain mRNA, blocked A chain induction by thrombin but had less effect on A chain mRNA induced by TGF-beta. Thus PDGF A chain mRNA levels are regulated by the same agents that regulate B chain mRNA levels in microvascular endothelial cells. While the changes in A chain mRNA are qualitatively similar to the changes in B chain mRNA in microvascular endothelial cells, there are differences in the relative efficacies of these agents in the regulation of PDGF A and B chain genes. These differences suggest that the forms of PDGF produced by endothelial cells depend on the nature of the inducing stimulus. PMID- 3478338 TI - Iron uptake from transferrin and transferrin endocytic cycle in Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Several aspects of iron metabolism were studied in cultured Friend erythroleukemia cells before and after induction of hemoglobin synthesis by dimethyl sulfoxide. The maximal rate of iron uptake from 59Fe-labeled transferrin, 1.5 X 10(6) atoms of Fe/cell per 30 min in uninduced cells, increased to 3 X 10(6) atoms/cell after 5 days of induction. The increase in iron uptake was not accompanied by a proportional increase in the number of transferrin receptors detected by 125I-labeled transferrin binding, suggesting a more efficient iron uptake by transferrin receptors in induced cells, with the rate of about 26 iron atoms per receptor per hour, compared to 15 atoms in uninduced cells. In agreement with this conclusion are results of the study of cellular 125I or 59Fe labeled transferrin kinetics. In the induced cells transferrin endocytosis and release proceeded with identical rates and all the endocytosed iron was retained inside the cell. On the other hand, transferrin release by uninduced cells was significantly slower and a substantial part of internalized 59Fe was released. On the basis of these results, different efficiency of iron release from internalized transferrin, accompanied by changes in cellular transferrin kinetics, is proposed as one of the factors determining the rate of iron uptake by developing erythroid cells. PMID- 3478339 TI - The identification of bite marks using the reflex microscope. PMID- 3478337 TI - Tubulin phosphorylation by casein kinase II is similar to that found in vivo. AB - Purified brain tubulin subjected to an exhaustive phosphatase treatment can be rephosphorylated by casein kinase II. This phosphorylation takes place mainly on a serine residue, which has been located at the carboxy-terminal domain of the beta-subunit. Interestingly, tubulin phosphorylated by casein kinase II retains its ability to polymerize in accordance with descriptions by other authors of in vivo phosphorylated tubulin. Moreover, the V8 phosphopeptide patterns of both tubulin phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II and tubulin phosphorylated in vivo in N2A cells are quite similar, and different from that of tubulin phosphorylated in vitro by Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. On the other hand, we have found an endogenous casein kinase II-like activity in purified brain microtubule protein that uses GTP and ATP as phosphate donors, is inhibited by heparin, and phosphorylates phosphatase-treated tubulin. Thus it appears that a casein kinase II-like activity should be considered a candidate for the observed phosphorylation of beta-tubulin in vivo in brain or neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 3478341 TI - The frontal sinus: forensic fingerprint? A pilot study. PMID- 3478340 TI - Radiologic interpretation of radiopaque foreign bodies of the maxillofacial region--a review. PMID- 3478342 TI - Analysis of human glutamyl- and lysylplasminogen by high-performance affinity chromatography. AB - An analytical system for the fibrinolytic system in the blood is described, based on high-performance affinity chromatography and a newly devised specific proenzyme detection procedure. Plasminogen subspecies in human plasma without any pretreatment (less than 100 microliters) were specifically separated on an high performance affinity column. For detection they were continuously activated by urokinase, and their elution profile was determined by assay of the plasmin activity using a specific fluorogenic substrate. Preliminary data on plasma from a patient are presented. PMID- 3478343 TI - Quantitative determination of some prostaglandin derivatives of the sub-groups E2, A2 and B2 by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3478344 TI - Innovative use of computerization for quality assurance. PMID- 3478345 TI - New developments in ELISA verification of anti-HIV screening of blood donors. AB - First generation ELISA screening assays for antibodies to HTLV-III (HIV) generated between 0.1 and 1.0% false positive results. Western blot analysis in specialized reference centers is almost uniformly used as a method to confirm the specificity of the ELISA results. Yet, the high cost, time delay and lack of standardization in these systems cause a growing demand for tests that can be performed on site and that can at least reduce the number of sera that have to be sent to reference centers. Such tests thus should primarily be aimed at the detection of false positive results. Ancillary to the Vironostika anti-HTLV-III screening test, we developed a set of reagents (VERIFY) which can be used for the verification of initially or repeatedly positive screening results. The test employs a reagent specifically blocking true HTLV-III-anti HTLV-III reactions, a reagent blocking HLA-anti HLA reactions and a control reagent. Use of this test may reduce the number of sera found false positive by reference methods by more than 90%. The introduction of improved versions and second generation screening assays obviously will reduce the number of false positive results. Yet the significant results of this verification assay and the ease with which it can be integrated in the screening procedures will make it a valuable tool in the blood bank screening program. PMID- 3478346 TI - Pathogenesis of HIV and its implications for serodiagnosis and monitoring of antiviral therapy. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is lymphotropic and neurotropic. In vivo clinical and immunological abnormalities develop in a large proportion of long term HIV antibody seropositive persons. Different stages of HIV infection are marked by expression of HIV genes, production of HIV antibodies, formation of antigen/antibody complexes and clearance of such complexes. Transient HIV antigenemia appearing generally 6-8 wk prior to HIV antibody (HIV-Ab) seroconversion and lasting 3-4 mth is generally seen in acute infection. IgM antibodies predominantly to core proteins may occasionally be detectable when, or just before, IgG antibodies appear. If IgG antibodies to both envelope and core proteins persist in the absence of HIV-Ag the short-term prognosis is relatively good. However, HIV-Ag seroconversion may appear at any time after HIV-Ab seroconversion. Progression to AIDS is strongly associated with declining or absent levels of IgG antibodies to p24. IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies to HIV, which are mainly directed to p24, disappear most dramatically. Titers of antibodies to HIV p24 below 64 are strongly associated with the presence of HIV antigen and a poor clinical outcome. HIV antigen was detected frequently in sera from children in all stages of infection in contrast to adults whose sera were generally HIV-Ag negative when asymptomatic and positive when AIDS was apparent. HIV antigen may be less efficiently detected with the present assays in sera from regions where the prototype strains of HIV (HTLV-III and LAV) are less prevalent, like Central Africa. Persistence of HIV-Ag in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) appears to be pathognomonic for progressive encephalopathy, particularly in children. Levels of HIV-Ag in serum, and possibly in CSF, can be decreased by nucleoside analogues, such as AZT. This indicates HIV-Ag and possibly antibody to HIV core protein p24 as suitable markers for selecting individuals for antiviral therapy as well as monitoring the efficacy of such therapy. PMID- 3478347 TI - Hormones gone wild. PMID- 3478348 TI - 1987 JCO orthodontic practice study. Part 3. Practice growth. PMID- 3478349 TI - Bioprogressive simplified. Part 2. The linear dynamic system. PMID- 3478350 TI - Update on orthodontic computer systems. PMID- 3478351 TI - Greed and gullibility: a dental cataclysm. PMID- 3478352 TI - Oral contraceptive failure secondary to dentally prescribed drugs: fact or fiction? PMID- 3478354 TI - Dairy herd reproductive management programs with or without synchronization of estrus. AB - Reproductive efficiencies were compared among herds with (treated, n = 25) or without (visited control, n = 25) routine synchronization of estrus and herds without investigator visits (unvisited control, n = 22). Treatment groups were subdivided based on participation in veterinary herd health programs. Reproductive tracts were palpated rectally at 21-d intervals for 6 mo in two sets of treated and visited control herds. Data were collected during the visitation period and from the 6-mo period before visits. In treated herds, cows more than 40 d postpartum with a corpus luteum received prostaglandin F2 alpha. In visited control herds, cows received prostaglandin F2 alpha after 82 d postpartum if they were not observed in estrus. Routine synchronization of estrus did not enhance herd reproductive efficiency compared with no synchronization of estrus in visited herds. Small changes in reproductive efficiency occurred during visits in herds with an established reproductive health program. However, herds not using a health program had 15.2 fewer d from calving to insemination, and the pregnancy rate at 120 d postpartum was 13.0 percentage units higher than before herd visits. Consequently, reproductive performance of those herds during visits was similar to that of contemporaries under a herd health program. PMID- 3478353 TI - Ultrastructure of swine myelogenous leukaemic cells, with particular reference to intracytoplasmic granules. AB - Seven cases of swine myeloid leukaemias were investigated by light and electron microscopy. All animals were adult sows. Morphologically these cases were classified as myeloblastic leukaemia with maturation (Cases 1 to 6) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (Case 7). The neoplastic cells were composed of immature promyelocytoid cells in Case 1. In Cases 2, 3, 4 and 5 there were immature or mature promyelocytoid cells containing peroxidase-positive granules. In Case 6, the neoplastic cells consisted of promyelocytoid cells and myelocytoid cells. The latter predominated and contained not only peroxidase-positive granules but also peroxidase-negative ones. The neoplastic cells in Case 7 showed various stages of cell maturation. The morphological characteristics in our cases resembled those in human myeloid leukaemias. PMID- 3478355 TI - Toward an end to caries and other oral plagues of childhood. The role of the National Institute of Dental Research in improving the dental health of children. PMID- 3478356 TI - AIDS in dentistry. PMID- 3478357 TI - To understand is to forgive. PMID- 3478358 TI - Developmental enamel defects of the primary dentition in a group of Californian children. AB - The parent of each three- to six-year old child with enamel defects, seen at the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry between 1981 and 1982, was interviewed to find an explanation for the defect. The most frequently given was hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 3478359 TI - Early diagnosis and prevention of impaction of the maxillary canine. AB - If there is no evidence of a canine bulge, and the tooth appears to be tipped medially in the frontal radiograph, with the crown medial to the lateral border of the nasal cavity, a future impaction of the maxillary canine is a significant possibility. PMID- 3478360 TI - Complications related to surgical removal of anterior supernumerary teeth in children. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate frequency of loss of vitality and sensitivity, resorption of root tissue, and disturbance of the root development of adjacent teeth, after the removal of a supernumerary tooth in the maxilla. PMID- 3478361 TI - Another perspective on children's dental needs and demand for services during the 1980s. AB - In 1984, more than one million acute dental conditions were reported for children younger than five years old, with 630,000 for children between five and seventeen years old. These represent almost five million restricted-activity days; more than 1.6 million days in bed; and 1.7 million missed school days. PMID- 3478362 TI - The diet-heart question: how good is the evidence? AB - There is little doubt that dietary intervention should be the first approach to treating the hypercholesterolemic patient in an attempt to reduce his or her risk of heart disease. The questions raised in this review deal with the advisability of generalized dietary recommendations to the public and their potential benefit in reducing CVD incidence. A total risk factor intervention approach on an individual patient basis would seem to have greater potential for success than a generalized dietary recommendation. PMID- 3478363 TI - AIDS: children with HIV infection and their families. AB - Surgeon General Koop charged the group attending a conference workshop at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with making recommendations to help set national policy regarding AIDS. PMID- 3478364 TI - Delayed eruption due to overlying fibrous connective tissue. PMID- 3478365 TI - Root resorption in association with ectopic eruption: report of case. AB - This patient showed extensive root resorption close to the cementoenamel junction. It is likely that impacted teeth anywhere in the dental arch can participate in the destruction of root surfaces of neighboring teeth. PMID- 3478366 TI - Impacted primary incisor: report of case. AB - Impaction of a primary incisor is very rare, with only one previous report in the dental literature. After surgical exposure, the case reported here had a normal course of eruption during follow-up. PMID- 3478367 TI - Aplasia of primary canines and anlagen of permanent canines: a cleft-specific condition? AB - The patient is a girl with bilateral cleft lip and palate. It appears that one or more specific teratogens that induce definite malformations are also able to disturb the development of the dentition in an unpredictable manner. PMID- 3478369 TI - The future is now. PMID- 3478368 TI - Dental and oral manifestations of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: report of case. AB - Characteristic features have given some researchers reason to believe that Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is caused by a chromosomal abnormality. No common etiological factor or pathognomic criterion has been established for this syndrome. PMID- 3478370 TI - Traumatically injured primary incisors: a clinical and histological study. AB - World-wide epidemiological studies state that from 8 percent to 30 percent of children up to 7 years of age sustain injury to primary incisors, including crown fracture, root fracture, tooth avulsion, and dental displacement, which result in malformation of permanent incisors depending upon their state of development. In this study, traumatized primary incisors were evaluated clinically and radiographically, with the following data recorded: exact or approximate time interval of traumatic episode(s) and extraction, mobility, color change, sensitivity to percussion/palpation, swelling, sinus tract, caries, crown/root fracture, periodontal/periapical lesions, external/internal root resorption, mineralization, and obturation. Based upon the local damage and developmental age, 138 teeth were extracted, fixed in 10 percent formalin, and processed for histological evaluation according to routine methodology. Histologic findings were: the presence of varying extent of necrosis, bacteria in the area of necrosis--not in all cases--neutrophilic leukocytes, chronic inflammatory cells, pulpal calcifications, resorption/apposition, and circulatory changes. The blood pigment distinguished hemorrhage due to extraction from pathologic circulatory changes. All the described reactions varied in intensity and extent with the time interval and the assumed force of the original trauma. Physical trauma to primary teeth caused pulpal damage, which could involve periapical tissue, depending on the extent of the initial damage. PMID- 3478371 TI - A histological comparison of direct pulp capping agents in primary canines. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal response to four calcium hydroxide preparations in primary teeth. Data indicated the calcium hydroxide saline paste induced more inflammation and produced a greater zone of mummification than the three commercial preparations studied. Unintentional deep impaction of the medicament or dentinal chips increased inflammation for all categories. All medicaments produced a superficial necrosis (mummification) of the pulp. The greatest degree of mummification was seen with the calcium hydroxide-saline paste. The calcium hydroxide-saline paste produced a thick dentinal bridge, located deeper in the pulp when compared with the commercial agents. Commercial agents produced narrower but sufficiently high-quality dentinal bridges. This study indicates that direct pulp capping of exposures in primary teeth is a viable procedure. The newer commercial agents may be preferred, as they produce minimal inflammation, satisfactory dentinal bridging, and preservation of most of the vital pulp tissue. PMID- 3478372 TI - Biochemical study of whole saliva from children with chronic renal failure. AB - The biochemical composition of unstimulated whole saliva was studied on ten children suffering from chronic renal failure and who, at the same time, displayed a very low caries activity. Various salivary components were studied before (T) and after (To) dialysis and were compared with similar elements of a control group, as well as with blood values. A mean salivary urea concentration of 513 +/- 210 mg/100 ml was found prior to dialysis, whereas after treatment this value dropped to 241 +/- 82 mg/100 ml, about twice as much as in the control group, 110 +/- 48 mg/100 ml. The mean urea concentrations in blood at T and To were respectively 196 +/- 38 mg/100 ml and 53 +/- 22 mg/100 ml. The various free amino acids in the whole saliva of these patients showed different changes in their concentrations as a result of dialysis, with the basic amino acids being considerably increased. Blood electrolytes remained close to the normal range, although calcium was depleted and magnesium lowered by a factor of 10 when compared before and after dialysis, as well as versus the control group. PMID- 3478373 TI - The unpredictability of primary molar resorption following ectopic eruption of permanent molars. AB - Two case reports are given, demonstrating what appears to be two types of resorption associated with ectopic eruption. In both cases a progressive resorptive process occurred on one side and a stationary type on the other. Close follow-up is important; it resulted in a successful outcome for the patient in case 2 here, whereas the first patient required major orthodontic treatment because of the ectopic eruption. PMID- 3478374 TI - Comparison of chloral hydrate-hydroxyzine with and without meperidine for management of the difficult pediatric patient. AB - This study attempted to examine the impact of low doses of meperidine on the effectiveness of two doses of CH for management of highly resistive young pediatric dental patients. The results suggest patient manageability was enhanced by the addition of oral meperidine. As an alternative to a parenteral technique or general anesthetic, the clinician may wish to consider this regimen after having experienced failure of CH either alone, or in combination with an antiemetic, to produce an adequate level of sedation. The extent to which application of physical restraint is considered necessary or acceptable should be taken into account, when evaluating the need for a regimen of medication. If the purpose of selecting a sedative technique is to accomplish lengthy treatment without harsh restraint, the degree to which restraint is needed no doubt reflects on the adequacy of the sedative regimen. The addition of meperidine was found to reduce significantly the need for persistent harsh physical restraint, to allow treatment of the refractory young child. While the brief application of harsh restraint measures may be warranted and justifiable in emergency medical situations, it seems unwise to make use of harsh restraint for lengthy elective dental procedures. Given the extent to which many adults report negative childhood dental experiences, avoidance of the use of aversive measures seems desirable. Of the cases receiving meperidine, 76.3 percent were treated successfully (no need for persistent restraint), compared to the successful treatment of only 30.7 percent of the patients sedated without meperidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478376 TI - Dietary cholesterol recommendations for children. AB - These recommendations are provided to physicians and health professionals who work with children. Continued evaluation of dietary trends and the impact of cardiovascular risk factors from the first two decades of life are needed for future recommendations. PMID- 3478375 TI - The use of dental sealants in the Washington State Medical Assistance Program: a one-year report. AB - The total cost of providing sealants to a group of 6,191 children (17.3 percent of those eligible) by an average of 1,317 dentists participating in the program from November 1985 through October 1986 was $17,535. There were 593 dentists who placed sealants during the one-year program, with an average of 3.16 teeth sealed per child. It is anticipated that more children will be treated during the second year of the sealant project. PMID- 3478377 TI - The dental health of an elderly population in North-west England: results of a survey undertaken in the Halton Health Authority. PMID- 3478378 TI - Denture bases: the effects of various treatments on clarity, strength and structure. PMID- 3478379 TI - Corrosion rate studies: measurements of corrosion rates of some non-precious dental alloys in artificial saliva. PMID- 3478381 TI - Basic performance and production load testing of hot-air sterilizers for use in dental surgeries. PMID- 3478380 TI - Characterization of aluminium radiopacity standards for restorative materials. PMID- 3478382 TI - Practical gnathosonics using accelerometers. PMID- 3478383 TI - [The components of occlusal pattern in a group of Thai school children 7-11 years of age]. PMID- 3478385 TI - The effect of betel nut extracts on dehydrogenase activity of Streptococcus mutans GS 5. PMID- 3478384 TI - [Mercury in hair of the dentist]. PMID- 3478386 TI - The effect of dentinal stimulation on pulp nerve function and pulp morphology in the dog. AB - The effect of dentinal stimulation on pulpal nerve responses and pulp morphology has been studied in the dog. Canine tooth (n = 25) dentin was stimulated by drilling, probing, and air-blasting for from two to five hours. Acid-etching was used to open dentinal tubules. All test teeth showed disruption of the odontoblast layer and its separation from the predentin; also, dislocation of odontoblast nuclei into dentinal tubules was found in most cases. Single-fiber (n = 14, conduction velocity = 24.3 +/- 7.4 (SD) m/s) recordings of the responses of canine tooth pulpal nerves to dentinal stimulation were made in ten of the stimulated teeth. No changes in the sensitivity of the nerves to dentinal stimulation could be detected. It is concluded that pulpal nerve function and morphological changes of the pulp are not clearly correlated. The condition of the dentin surface seems to be the important factor. PMID- 3478387 TI - A cinephotographic study of the role of the canine in limiting lateral jaw movement in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Three specimens of Macaca fascicularis were examined to test the hypothesis that the canines do not restrict lateral masticatory movements in these animals. The animals were filmed while chewing freely before, shortly after, and seven weeks after canine removal. Facial markers, viewed from the lateral plane, allowed for computer tracings of all mandibular movements. The maximal lateral movement of the mandible was assessed for each chewing cycle, and means were calculated for each test condition and animal. These means were compared intra-animal for statistically significant differences in lateral jaw movement before and after canine removal. No significant long-term increase in lateral movement was found in any animal after the removal of its canine teeth. We conclude that, in accordance with our hypothesis, the lateral movement during mastication did not increase significantly after removal of the canine teeth in three specimens of Macaca fascicularis. Therefore, the use of the macaque as a human model for masticatory studies requires further assessment. This study reveals that the canine teeth are not as important as previously assumed in affecting the form of the masticatory cycle in the macaque. PMID- 3478388 TI - Tarnishing in vivo of Ag-Pd-Cu-Zn alloys. AB - Pre-polished specimens of four Ag-Pd-Cu-Zn alloys have been tested for tarnishing while embedded in full acrylic dentures for from six to eight months in vivo. The results have been compared with those from previous immersion tests using 2% Na2S solutions. In both types of tests, a multiphase alloy consisting of a Pd-Cu-Zn rich compound in a Ag-rich matrix displayed less corrosion and tarnish resistance than did alloys with compositions similar to the Pd-Cu-Zn-rich compound or the Ag rich matrix. It is suggested that the presence of local microgalvanic cells due to chemical inhomogeneities caused the observed susceptibility to tarnishing. Sulfur was detected by a microprobe in the tarnish layer developed in the oral cavity. The discoloration on this multiphase alloy covered the interdendritic areas with short distances between the chemical inhomogeneities. This microstructural location was somewhat different from the many dark spots created predominantly on Ag-rich areas during in vitro testing. This difference is most likely due to dissimilar conditions with regard to sulfide ion concentrations, the presence of protein films, and the length of exposure time. PMID- 3478389 TI - Fracture toughness of dental composites determined using the short-rod fracture toughness test. AB - Plane strain fracture toughness (KIC) has been evaluated for a number of commercially-available dental composites. A modified Short-rod Fracture Toughness (SRFT) specimen design has been used, enabling small specimens to be tested conveniently. The effect on KIC of aging in water at 37 degrees C for seven days, one month, and six months has been determined for conventional, microfilled, and hybrid (coarse and fine filler particle-containing) composites. Our results suggest that aging for one month or more caused a reduction of KIC for the composites so aged. Comparison of the KIC values determined using the modified SRFT specimen with values obtained using more conventional specimen geometries gave good agreement, thereby suggesting the suitability of the small SRFT specimens for valid KIC determinations. PMID- 3478390 TI - Water sorption and filler characteristics of composites for use in posterior teeth. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the water sorption and solubility, as well as the filler composition and extent of chemical degradation in water, of eight different posterior composites. With one exception, the materials with the largest quantity of fillers had the least water sorption and solubility after three months in water at 37 degrees C. The emission spectroscopy results showed that silicon was the major element in all the fillers except one, which had both silicon and strontium as major elements. Other components registered in quantities of 5-10 wt-% were barium, aluminum, zinc, and zirconium. The leaching of inorganic ions into water from the fillers varied depending on filler composition and filler treatment. PMID- 3478391 TI - Dental benefits of limited exposure to fluoridated water in childhood. AB - The effect of limited exposure to fluoridated water in childhood is of potential importance in highly-mobile modern society, but the subject has not been well studied. This longitudinal study assessed caries experience and S. mutans proportions from fissure plaque in school-children who lived for at least the three years of the study in a non-fluoridated community (0.2 mg/L). Residence histories permitted division of the cohort into those who had lived all their lives in non-fluoridated communities, and those who had lived for some time previously in a fluoridated community. The children were aged 6-7 years at the beginning of the three-year study. Children with previous residence in the fluoridated communities developed 26.8% less caries in their permanent teeth during the study than did the children who had lived in non-fluoridated communities all their lives (p = 0.04), and had 29.8% less caries after three years (p = 0.02). Differences between the groups in S. mutans proportions from fissure plaque, sampled at six-monthly intervals throughout the study, could not be demonstrated. The dental benefits observed could not be attributed to socio economic differences between the groups. Despite evidence that the benefits of limited ingestion of fluoridated water are topical in nature, the fact that many of the affected teeth in this study were unerupted at the time of the fluoride exposure means that pre-eruptive benefits cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3478393 TI - Arylaminopeptidase activities of oral bacteria. AB - Protease and peptidase enzymes are thought to play a role in the virulence of many oral organisms, especially those associated with periodontal diseases. In order to evaluate the peptidases of periodontopathogens, we compared the arylaminopeptidase activities of Bacteroides gingivalis with those of other oral and non-oral bacteria. Sixty-three bacterial strains representing the prominent cultivable organisms in human periodontal pockets were tested, including representatives of the black-pigmented Bacteroides, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella species. Each micro-organism was examined for its ability to hydrolyze 18 synthetic substrates of beta naphthylamide derivatives of amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides. Quantitation of the enzyme activity was accomplished by colorimetric measurement of the amounts of released beta-naphthylamines. N-CBz-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine beta-naphthylamide was readily cleaved by B. gingivalis, but slightly or not at all by the other oral strains tested. L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide was cleaved by B. gingivalis, Capnocytophaga species, and Streptococcus species, but not readily by the other Bacteroides strains. Some dipeptide substrates tested, such as glycyl-L-arginine- and glycyl-L-proline-beta-naphthylamide, were strongly cleaved by B. gingivalis and weakly cleaved by other Bacteroides strains. Since high levels of N-CBz-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginyl-aminopeptidase activity are characteristic of B. gingivalis, its measurement may be valuable in the identification of this organism in clinical samples as an aid in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal infections. Furthermore, this and other aminopeptidases produced by B. gingivalis and other oral organisms may play a role in the tissue destruction seen in periodontal disease. PMID- 3478394 TI - Prenatal fluoride exposure: measurement of plasma levels and enamel uptake in the guinea pig. AB - This study measured the effects of variations in the maternal fluoride intake on changes in maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and fetal enamel fluoride levels of near-term guinea pig pups. Pregnant sows were divided randomly into one of three groups whose drinking water was either de-ionized or contained 5 ppm or 20 ppm fluoride supplied ad libitum. At approximately 55 days' gestation, maternal and fetal plasma and fetal enamel samples were collected and assayed for fluoride. Results showed an increase in mean fluoride concentration for maternal plasma from the de-ionized to the 20-ppm group. Mean fetal plasma fluoride concentrations were lower at baseline and increased much less than did maternal plasma levels. Mean fetal enamel concentrations increased in a fashion similar to that of the maternal plasma levels and exhibited significant differences among all groups. PMID- 3478392 TI - Evidence suggesting multiple binding sites in experimental pellicles for Streptococcus mutans JBP. AB - This study presents evidence suggesting that multiple binding sites exist for S. mutans JBP (serotype c) in experimental salivary pellicles formed on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Adsorption isotherms were performed using S. mutans JBP cells at concentrations ranging from 1-1000 (x 10(7) streptococci per mL to pellicles prepared from whole clarified saliva and from saliva which had been previously absorbed with JBP cells. The isotherms were analyzed using a one- and a two-site model. Adsorption of S. mutans JBP cells to pellicles formed from untreated saliva was statistically significantly better described by the two-site model, and the two classes of binding sites present had widely different affinities. Also, there were approximately one-third fewer high-affinity sites than low-affinity sites. In contrast, adsorption of S. mutans JBP cells to pellicles formed from JBP-absorbed saliva was better described by the one-site model, and the sites present were of low affinity. Thus, the absorption process appeared to remove or alter specific salivary molecules which comprise the high affinity binding sites for S. mutans JBP cells. PMID- 3478395 TI - Interpreting the correlation coefficient when one of the variables is discrete. AB - The effect on the correlation coefficient of discretizing data was investigated in two ways. First, the theoretical effect of dichotomizing data was calculated, and it was shown that the resulting correlation coefficient is considerably less than that between the underlying bivariate normally distributed variables. Second, computer simulations were performed of a model in which a continuous variable (measured with some error) gives rise to a counting variable through a mechanism in which the count is zero below a certain threshold value for the continuous variable and then increases linearly as the continuous variable increases. It was shown that the correlation coefficient between the observed values of the continuous and counting variables decreased as (a) the measurement error increased, (b) the slope of the relationship decreased, and (c) the number of counts decreased. It is concluded that caution is required when interpreting correlation coefficients when one or both of the variables consist of a few (say only four or five) discrete scores. PMID- 3478396 TI - The effects of the availability of diet on the levels of exoglycosidases in the supragingival plaque of macaque monkeys. AB - Supragingival plaque from macaque monkeys was assayed for 13 exoglycosidase enzymes, with appropriate p-nitrophenylglycosides and N-acetylneuramin-lactose used as substrates. Protein in each plaque sample was quantitated with a Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye binding assay, and the specific activity of each enzyme was calculated. In monkeys fed a starch-based diet, fasting resulted in significant increases in the levels of alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, and neuraminidase. Such changes are consistent with the hypothesis that plaque bacteria degrade salivary glycoproteins for their growth and maintenance in both the presence and especially the absence of dietary food. In contrast, fasting monkeys previously fed a sucrose-rich diet showed no significant alterations in the specific activities of those enzymes whose levels were increased in the starch-based diet group. It is considered likely that, under the conditions prevailing when the sucrose-rich diet is fed, the effective and maximal utilization of sucrose by plaque bacteria necessitates the increased mobilization of nitrogen sources, including the amino sugars of glycoproteins. PMID- 3478397 TI - A high-copper amalgam evaluated after three years in city and country practices. AB - The objective of the study was to compare the condition of Sybraloy restorations placed by the same operator in two different practice locations. Evaluations of the restorations were based on assessments for marginal fracture and staining, and for surface discoloration and roughness. Sybraloy restorations placed in a city practice were more satisfactory than those placed in a country practice. Surface discoloration proved to be unsatisfactory, especially in the country practice, but could be removed with light polishing. PMID- 3478398 TI - Effect of pH, concentration, and treatment time of aluminum solutions on acid dissolution of enamel. AB - Dissolution tests were conducted with human enamel following treatment with aqueous aluminum (Al) solutions under conditions of varying pH, concentration, and treatment time. Al reduced enamel dissolution in a pH 4 acetate buffer most effectively when used in the pH range of 3 to 4, at concentrations above 0.005 mol/L, and for treatment times of more than four minutes. However, significant activity was observed with concentrations as low as 0.0005 mol/L Al and treatment times as short as 15 seconds. The effects of Al solution pH and concentration on enamel dissolution were related to the hydrolysis of Al above pH 4 and to the accelerated dissolution of apatite below pH 3. PMID- 3478399 TI - Reliability of a craniomandibular index. AB - The Craniomandibular Index (CMI) was developed to provide a standardized measure of severity of problems in mandibular movement, TMJ noise, and muscle and joint tenderness for use in epidemiological and clinical outcome studies. The instrument was designed to have clearly defined objective criteria, simple clinical methods, and ease in scoring; it is divided into the Dysfunction Index and the Palpation Index. Inter-rater reliability (three raters) and intra-rater reliability (19 patients examined twice by one rater) were tested to determine whether the instrument has operational definitions sufficiently precise to allow for consistency in use between different raters and with one rater over time. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for inter-rater reliability was 0.84 for the Dysfunction Index, 0.87 for the Palpation Index, and 0.95 for the CMI. Correlation for intra-rater reliability was 0.92 for the Dysfunction Index, 0.86 for the Palpation Index, and 0.96 for the CMI. These results support the reliability of the CMI for use in epidemiological and clinical studies. Users are cautioned about the subjectivity of numerous items within the CMI and the strict methodological guidelines that must be followed in order to assure accuracy and reproducibility of results. PMID- 3478400 TI - Establishment of an improved implantation technique for hamster mucous membrane irritation testing. AB - Biological evaluation procedures for the acceptance of new dental materials include testing for mucous membrane irritation and inflammation, with the hamster cheek pouch used as a model system. Previous reports have indicated both a low 14 day implant retention rate and poor differentiation between positive and negative controls, requiring the establishment of a new standard procedure for hamster cheek pouch implantations. Groups of 10 female golden Syrian hamsters were implanted with uniform discs (6 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) of white base plate gutta percha (GP), gray welding-rod polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), or test alloys, under Nembutal anesthesia. Each animal's right cheek pouch was everted and cleaned, and the implant was loosely placed at the bottom of the pouch. The pouch was closed by a double-suture technique. Contralateral (left) cheek pouches served as controls for the physical state of each animal. A collar (cable tie) was placed tightly around the animal's neck at a level between the sutures and the implant. Cheek pouches were assessed after 14 days. Implants were kept in contact with oral mucosa longer using the double suture-plus-collar technique than in hamsters without collars (14-day retention rates of 48.0% and 6.7%, respectively). Average severity indices (ASI) of 5.4 and 1.7 were obtained for PVC and GP, respectively, as compared with 1.6 for contralateral control pouches. LDPE was not a suitable negative control material (ASI = 2.6). Positive and negative controls were clearly delineated when PVC and GP were the control materials. PMID- 3478402 TI - Proceedings of the fifth annual conference, the Robert Wood Johnson Dental Services Research Scholars Program. Denver, Colorado, June 2-3, 1987. PMID- 3478401 TI - The dental caries status and dental treatment patterns of 12-year-old children in Hong Kong. AB - A randomly selected sample of 662 12-year-old Hong Kong children, 529 of whom were Southern Chinese and 133 non-Chinese, was clinically examined for dental caries. The DMFT values were 2.76 and 1.66 for the Chinese and non-Chinese children, respectively. The D component for the Chinese children was 2.12, while for the non-Chinese children it was only 0.45. Approximately 24.0% of the Chinese children had attended the dentist because they were in pain. Only 3.8% of the Chinese children had sought orthodontic or preventive treatment, compared with 24.0% of the non-Chinese children. Although these findings indicate the caries experience to be well below the FDI/WHO global goal for the year 2000, there is a great need to increase the level of dental awareness among Chinese children. PMID- 3478404 TI - A content analysis of dental capitation plan grievances. AB - As the health care system becomes more impersonal, competitive, and cost conscious, there is a potential for increased dissatisfaction with health care providers. This paper describes the use of content analysis to examine aspects of patient dissatisfaction with delivery of health services in a capitated dental plan. All written complaints from three regions of California from June 1984 to June 1986 were collected, and a content analysis was performed on these letters. The rates of grievances differ substantially across regions; however, three regions were similar in their grievance patterns. Access to care was the single largest category of concern, and these grievances were registered because patients had to wait for an appointment (35 percent) or had to wait in the office (32 percent) to receive care. Provider technical competence was the second largest category. Significant variables from a logistic regression that predicts complaint status of an eligible member are (1) years covered, (2) age, and (3) income. The grievance rate and grievance categories described in this study can help define new strategies and policies in the overall mission of a dental capitation organization. PMID- 3478405 TI - Assessment of private dental practice: implications for dental education. AB - The development and testing methods for assessing the quality of private general dental practice are described. The assessment instrument, evolved through the contributions of a panel of private practitioners, provides for the evaluation of the structure, process, and outcome of practice. General practitioners, trained as evaluators, tested the instrument in 300 urban group, urban nongroup, and rural practices in 14 states. The distribution of assessment scores for the entire project sample is compared with those of the sample dentists who graduated before and after 1974. The implications of the project and its results to dental education are discussed. PMID- 3478403 TI - Gender trends in the career patterns of recent dental graduates. AB - The gender composition of U.S. dental schools has changed dramatically over the past 25 years. While women represent less than 10 percent of the practicing dental population, the dramatic increase in dental school enrollment by women will be reflected in a much larger percentage of female dental practitioners in the near future. It is not clear how this trend will affect the structure and organization of the dental profession or the delivery of dental care. This study examined gender differences among recent dental graduates' professional commitment, choice of practice arrangements, and income. The data consist of a random sample of 1979, 1980, and 1981 graduates of U.S. dental schools with an adjusted response rate of 77.6 percent (n = 2,648 males and 346 females). Findings include statistically significant gender differences in mean annual income from private practice, administration, or teaching of dentistry; total family income before taxes; employment status in private practice; marital status, and the number of children under 18 years of age. A gender difference of fewer than four hours worked per week, while statistically significant, is less than previous reports in the literature. Gender remained as a statistically significant predictor of income when controlling for practice ownership, hours per week worked, background, and family/social variables. These findings have policy implications for dental resource planning, organized dentistry, dental education, and the delivery of dental care. PMID- 3478406 TI - Comparison of undergraduate clinic fees and general practitioner fees for selected procedures. PMID- 3478407 TI - Evaluation of the comfort of spontaneous respiration through three ventilator systems. AB - The use of intermittent mandatory ventilation and continuous positive airways pressure systems is widespread. The comfort of spontaneous ventilation through three systems, with a variety of humidifiers, has been evaluated. The use of demand flow systems and the introduction of some humidifiers caused considerable discomfort from fluctuations in the airway pressure. It is concluded that continuous flow systems are preferable and that fluctuations in airway pressure should not exceed 2.5 cm H2O. PMID- 3478408 TI - Computer use in Alabama dental practices. PMID- 3478409 TI - If you want to be treated like a doctor, you must behave like a doctor. PMID- 3478410 TI - The referral process. PMID- 3478412 TI - AIDS--should testing be routine for patients entering the critical care areas? PMID- 3478411 TI - Self-reported alcohol, drug, and eating-disorder problems among male and female collegiate children of alcoholics. PMID- 3478413 TI - N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses of the alpha and beta polypeptides from four distinct subsets of sheep major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies, SBU.II 28-1, 37-68, 38-27, and 42-20, each recognizing a distinct, non-overlapping subset of sheep class II molecules, were used to purify class II molecules from a single sheep. Four class II alpha subunits designated 28-1 alpha, 37-68 alpha, 42-20 alpha, and 38-27 alpha and five class II beta subunits designated 28-1 beta, 37-68 beta 1, 37-68 beta 2, 42 20 beta, and 38-27 beta were compared by N-terminal sequence analyses. Two distinct alpha subunits were identified; the 28-1 alpha, 37-68 alpha, and 42-20 alpha subunits all had identical N-terminal amino acids sequences, which exhibited about 75% homology with HLA-DR alpha and mouse E alpha polypeptides. In contrast, the 38-27 alpha sequence exhibited about 80% sequence homology with HLA DQ alpha and mouse A alpha polypeptides. In general, sheep beta subunits displayed insufficient sequence homology to enable correlation with human beta chain sequences; however, the 38-27 beta-chain sequence showed homology with the HLA-DQ beta sequence. The conserved sequence surrounding the site for N-linked glycosylation within human/mouse beta polypeptides (residues 19 to 21) was not present in sheep beta sequences and in contrast with the beta-chains of mouse and man, sheep beta polypeptides contained between 1 and 3 positionally variable cysteine residues (residues 13 to 15 inclusive). Individual sheep beta subunits exhibited extensive sequence heterogeneity and each consisted of a unique population of beta polypeptide species. At least 16 different beta polypeptide sequences were identified from a single sheep and the existence of no fewer than nine non-allelic beta genes was inferred from the sequence data. We have previously provided evidence suggesting that the sheep has multiple major histocompatibility complex class II alpha and beta genes related to those of all three HLA-D subregions. The present results suggest that a number of these genes encode HLA-DQ-like heterodimers and that a sheep DR-like alpha gene product is shared with the products of a large and heterogeneous sheep beta gene family. PMID- 3478414 TI - Tweed's diagnostic facial triangle for the North Indian children in the deciduous and permanent dentition age groups. PMID- 3478415 TI - [Frontonasal dysplasia of mild degree: importance of clinical examination]. PMID- 3478416 TI - Knowledge, attitude and behavior of Iraqi teenagers to oral health. PMID- 3478417 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of carious dentine. PMID- 3478418 TI - Mercury levels in dentists' hair. PMID- 3478419 TI - Purification and characterization of calcium/phospholipid-dependent kinase from adult human epidermis. AB - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters such as 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) cause epidermal inflammation and hyperplasia similar to that observed in psoriasis. Recent evidence suggests that these effects are mediated by a calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), which is quantitatively the major cellular phorbol ester receptor. This report describes the partial purification and biochemical properties of this enzyme from adult human epidermis. Protein kinase C activity was purified 30-fold from high speed supernatants prepared from homogenates of keratome biopsies obtained from healthy volunteers. The partially purified preparation had a specific activity of 1.2 nmol/min/mg protein and an apparent molecular weight of 79,400. Activity was dependent on the presence of calcium and phosphatidylserine. At low calcium concentration (less than 0.1 mM) activity was greatly stimulated by 1,2 dioleoylglycerol. TPA mimicked the effect of diglyceride on enzyme activity, and the partially purified enzyme specifically bound phorbol dibutyrate (Kd = 2 nM). Protein kinase C activity was also present in the membrane fraction from adult human epidermis, and possessed properties similar to those of the cytosolic enzyme. We conclude that protein kinase C is present in human epidermis and is activated by TPA in a manner similar to that described for this enzyme from other tissues. These data lay the foundation for studying the role of protein kinase C in the regulation of epidermal growth and maturation. PMID- 3478420 TI - Comparison of growth inhibiting effect of natural and recombinant interferon alpha on human osteosarcomas in nude mice. AB - Of five tested human osteosarcoma xenografts growing in nude mice, two could be growth-arrested by both natural interferon-alpha (nIFN-alpha) and recombinant IFN alpha 2c (rIFN-alpha 2c). The other three less sensitive xenografts could only be partly growth-inhibited by the nIFN-alpha while no effect was seen with rIFN alpha 2c. The leukocyte-derived IFN, thus, appeared to have higher antitumor activity per antiviral unit than the recombinant-produced IFN. It is questionable whether this observed difference is of practical relevance for clinical trials employing different IFN-alpha preparations. PMID- 3478422 TI - Posterior composites: where and when. PMID- 3478421 TI - The effect of ice stick diameter on the sensation thresholds of teeth during cold pulp testing. PMID- 3478424 TI - The biology of astrocytoma: lessons learned from chronic myelogenous leukemia- hypothesis. AB - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an example of a "well-differentiated" neoplasm that develops following neoplastic transformation of a precursor cell. The biology of astrocytic neoplasms can be interpreted in light of concepts that have emerged from studies of the myeloproliferative disorders. Astrocytomas may arise from a pluripotential precursor cell whose progeny, although transformed, retain the ability to differentiate, and do so along astrocytic lines. The result is a neoplasm composed of "mature" tumor cells, similar one to another, and resembling normal astrocytes. Malignant change, like blast crisis in CML, then occurs as a consequence of further molecular genetic events leading to accelerated growth and maturation arrest in a previously differentiating neoplastic cell. This hypothesis challenges the conventional view that astrocytomas arise from astrocytes and that malignant change occurs as a result of dedifferentiation. Extensions of this hypothesis may be relevant to the biology of other glial tumors. PMID- 3478425 TI - Properties of LTV vinyl silicone rubber-based resilient denture base liner and directions for use. PMID- 3478423 TI - Progressive desialidation of human transferrin. AB - Transferrin is a serum glycoprotein which contains four sialic acid residues located at the end of two branched carbohydrate structures. The presence of these four acidic residues influences the electrophoretic mobility of the transferrin molecule. Alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of transferrin may be encountered in forensic science case work, particularly in association with postmortem samples. These altered transferrins usually appear in a highly stylized "ladder" banding pattern. To determine whether these altered transferrins are the result of sialic acid removal, serum samples of known transferrin type were treated with neuraminidase. These experiments support the hypothesis that the "ladder" banding pattern of transferrin observed in some case samples is due to the removal of sialic acid residues by bacterial or endogenous neuraminidase. These studies also demonstrate that partially desialidated transferrin variants cannot be clearly typed until the sialic acid is completely stripped from the transferrin molecule. Reliable typing of partially desialidated samples can be accomplished by treating these samples with neuraminidase. PMID- 3478426 TI - Submandibular gland sialolithiasis--sialographic and pathologic findings with evaluation using SEM and EPMA analysis. PMID- 3478427 TI - Six screen-film combinations using the Oralix Pan DC. PMID- 3478428 TI - The use of tissue conditioner or zinc oxide and eugenol impression paste in the excision of epulis fissurata. PMID- 3478429 TI - Hypertension: patterns for the future. Official satellite to the eleventh scientific meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. 4 September 1986, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Proceedings. PMID- 3478430 TI - Primary and secondary prevention. AB - Risk factors for myocardial infarction, sudden coronary death, angina pectoris, stroke and total mortality were analysed in a random population sample of men aged 47-55 years at entry, and followed for 11.8 years. Lipid disturbances, tobacco smoking, elevated blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, low physical leisure-time activity, psychological stress (for non-fatal events) and excessive alcohol consumption (for fatal events) were the main independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. The attributable risk was also calculated. Uncomplicated angina pectoris was related to dyspnoea during exertion, psychological stress, diabetes mellitus and high relative body weight. Stroke was dependent on elevated blood pressure, tobacco smoking and psychological stress. Quantitatively, the most important risk factors for total mortality were low physical activity during leisure time, tobacco smoking and elevated blood pressure. For patients who had suffered myocardial infarction or angina pectoris, elevated serum cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and tobacco smoking were of prognostic importance. Hypertension, together with lipid disturbances and tobacco smoking, was thus found to be a risk factor both for primary and secondary events, and blood pressure control seems of great importance in preventing these cardiovascular events. PMID- 3478431 TI - Changing prescription patterns: impact on costs. AB - The cost of treating hypertension is high. In the Federal Republic of Germany the total sales of antihypertensive compounds increased, from 1981 to 1984, from 1075 million to 1525 million DM per year, corresponding to 7.4 and 9.1%, respectively, of total drug expenditure. Economists have calculated that about two-thirds of this increase is caused by structural changes within the market, i.e. changing prescription patterns. The proportion of prescribed daily doses of reserpine combinations dropped from 52 to 34% whereas that of most other compounds increased. The approximate daily costs of treatment vary from 0.5 DM (reserpine combinations) to 2.5 DM [angiotensin converting enzyme, (ACE) inhibitors], but the decline of the cheaper compounds and their substitution by newer and more expensive drugs has resulted in additional costs of 309-328 million DM. The higher prices of the new drugs should be justified by greater benefits compared with conventional compounds. Assessment of new antihypertensive drugs should include potency, efficacy, number and quality of adverse effects, and impact on quality of life. The evaluation should be performed separately for mild and for more severe forms of hypertension. Some advantages or drawbacks of the newer drugs may be important for small subgroups only. PMID- 3478432 TI - The Mission: a story of student dedication. PMID- 3478433 TI - In a crisis, give assistance, not advice. PMID- 3478434 TI - Russian sojourn. PMID- 3478435 TI - Bridging the gap. PMID- 3478436 TI - The influence of experience on complication rates. PMID- 3478437 TI - Surgical closure of end-stage palatal fistulas using anteriorly-based dorsal tongue flaps. AB - Effective closure of the recurrent palatal fistula demands proper diagnosis and anatomically-based classification, combined with an appreciation of surgical options. The anteriorly-based dorsal tongue flap is recommended to close large and/or compromised end-stage residual palatal fistula, provided that patient selection and surgical technique are meticulous. It has proved to be a safe and effective method of solving a difficult problem. PMID- 3478438 TI - CT evaluation of trauma to the temporomandibular joint. AB - The computed tomograms of 43 patients who had suffered craniofacial trauma and who were referred for evaluation of complaints of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction were reviewed. Fifteen of the 43 patients (34%) had sustained fractures, 16 (37%) had documented articular disc derangements without associated fractures, and 32 patients (74%) had degenerative joint changes. Computed tomography (CT) showed fractures, degenerative joint changes, and articular disc displacements not seen on conventional radiographs indicating that CT is particularly useful when patients' symptoms are not adequately explained by conventional radiographs or tomograms. PMID- 3478439 TI - An analysis of factors influencing stability of surgical advancement of the maxilla by the Le Fort I osteotomy. AB - Skeletal stability after maxillary surgical advancement was studied in 30 patients. Postoperative movement of all measured skeletal and dental points were on the average negligible. Equal stability was seen in maxillary advancement alone and with concomitant mandibular surgery. Eight cases examined individually showed larger than desired postoperative movements. In six of these cases the undesirable postoperative changes were secondary to undesirable preoperative orthodontic flaring of the incisors. The Begg orthodontic technique, because of its tendency to axially rotate teeth, was shown to produce more variability in tooth position than edgewise orthodontics. This study confirms that no preoperative flaring of the maxillary incisors should be attempted; instead, the teeth should be retracted and placed over basal bone with a normal axial inclination. Occlusal correction should then be accomplished by surgery. Suspension wires and bone grafting are sufficient to obtain skeletal stability in cases of maxillary advancement up to 11 mm. In cases where the surgery is more complex, rigid fixation is recommended. PMID- 3478440 TI - Long-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid on temporomandibular joint arthritis. AB - The long-term effect of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid (betamethasone) was compared in a sample of 24 patients who had pain and tenderness to palpation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ arthritis) of at least six months duration, and who had not responded to conservative treatment. The two drugs were randomly allocated to the patients. The drugs, 0.5 ml, were injected twice into the superior joint compartment of the TMJ with a two week interval between injections. The effect on subjective symptoms, clinical signs, and bite force was assessed. At the one and two-year follow-ups both the hyaluronate-and the corticosteroid-group had significantly reduced subjective symptoms as well as clinical signs, and the maximum voluntary bite force was significantly increased. The differences in effect between treatments were not statistically significant. It was concluded that both drugs have a significant long-term effect on chronic arthritis of the TMJ and that either of the drugs can be helpful; however, sodium hyaluronate might be the best alternative due to the least risk for side effects. PMID- 3478441 TI - Who uses the services of oral and maxillofacial surgeons? PMID- 3478443 TI - Focal myositis of the tongue. PMID- 3478442 TI - Differentiation of the organic matrix in bone repair. AB - This study describes the sequence of production and distribution of collagen, collagen types, proteoglycans, and calcium during bone repair in rabbits utilizing histologic and biochemical techniques. Proteoglycan content peaked 11 days following surgery and total collagen peaked 19 days after surgery, after which both levels decreased. Collagen Types I and III were present in the bone defect throughout the healing process but Type II was found only in the mid stages of repair. In the surrounding external callus Types I, II, and III were present, but Type III was not noted in the later stages of healing. These results are similar to those found in studies of fracture repair and developing bone. PMID- 3478444 TI - Problems in evaluation of penetrating foreign bodies with computed tomography scans: report of cases. AB - Computed tomography is the best radiologic modality available in the evaluation of penetrating injuries to the soft tissues. The technique is the best available when the foreign body has a density similar to the surrounding tissues. Limitations of CT scanning include difficulty in identifying small foreign bodies, objects with densities similar to surrounding structures, and detecting vascular injury. Interpretation of postoperative changes is also difficult. Two cases have been presented to illustrate the advantages, and limitations of CT scanning in penetrating soft tissue trauma. PMID- 3478445 TI - Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula following Le Fort I osteotomy. AB - A case report of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, a rare complication following orthognathic surgery, is presented. The anatomy and pathophysiology of the condition is discussed as they relate to the development of clinical signs and symptoms, and an attempt is made to explain this complication on the basis of a spectrum of possible internal carotid injuries following orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3478446 TI - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the gingiva of the maxilla and mandible: report of a case. PMID- 3478447 TI - Toxoplasmosis of the preauricular and cervical lymph nodes: report of a case. PMID- 3478448 TI - A bilateral, superficial location of human sublingual glands: report of a case. AB - During a routine dissection of a cadaver, the unusual, completely superficial position of both sublingual glandular masses was noticed. Histologically, the glandular masses consisted of a group of minor sublingual glands. It is suggested that the existence of a wide gap between the anterior and posterior parts of the mylohyoid muscle, which was revealed during further dissection, was the primary embryologic anomaly that was responsible for the unusual location of the glands. PMID- 3478449 TI - Kirschner wire stabilization of infraorbital rim fractures. PMID- 3478450 TI - Occlusal interferences related to dental panoramic radiographic changes in subjects treated with fixed prosthesis. AB - Because of contradictory reports between clinical and radiographic findings, occlusal analysis correlated to dental panoramic findings was completed in 147 patients treated with fixed prosthesis. Both occlusal interferences and radiographic changes in the TMJ area and/or in dentition were frequently discovered. Dysfunction and occlusal indices gave statistically significant correlations to radiographic changes (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) in the TMJ area. Periodontal changes with vertical bone pocket formation and sclerotic lamina dura seem to be early radiographic findings and occlusal interferences were the only means to give a clear-cut correlation to the radiographic changes (P less than 0.001). However, if periodontal tissues with supporting bone structure fail to respond to occlusal trauma, changes in the TMJ area will probably appear. From the clinical changes the deviation on mouth opening, tenderness to palpation of TMJ, and slide from retrusion to intercuspidation (RP-IP) explained most of the radiological TMJ changes when tested by the discriminant analysis. The value of radiographic follow-up of subjects following prosthetic treatment is emphasized. PMID- 3478451 TI - Functional disturbances of the masticatory system related to temporomandibular joint involvement by rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Several theories have been proposed concerning the aetiology of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To analyse the relationship of radiographic changes to clinical signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, the present study was conducted in subjects highly predisposed to TMJ involvement, i.e. in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of disturbances in the masticatory system of RA patients. In addition, the relationship between TMJ abnormalities and the signs and symptoms of dysfunction was investigated. The study consisted of sixty patients with RA and forty control subjects. Asymptomatic subjects were more frequent in the RA group than in the controls. Muscle pain during palpation was recorded in 53.3%, clicking in 53.3%, crepitation in 21.7%, reduced movement capacity of the TMJ in 41.7%, and restricted mouth opening in 31.7% of the RA patients examined. In the control group the most common symptoms and signs were clicking (57.5%), muscle pain during palpation (57.5%) and restricted opening (25.0%). Normal radiographic appearance of the TMJ in RA patients was found in 31.7%. Minor changes comprised 31.7%, moderate changes 21.6%, and severe changes or total loss of the condyle 15.0%. In the control group a normal joint was detected in 87.5%, while minor changes were encountered in 7.5%, and moderate or severe changes only in 5.0%. No relationship was found between Helkimo's anamnestic, clinical or occlusal indices and the severity of the disease graded according the criteria outlined by the American Rheumatism association (ARA). In the ARA group the frequency of signs and symptoms of dysfunction increased with the destructive changes in the TMJ area. In the controls, muscle pain during palpation and clicking sounds in the TMJ were most commonly connected with normal radiographic appearance of the TMJ. In the discriminant analysis the most discriminating factors were crepitation, tenderness to palpation of muscles and movement of TMJ. PMID- 3478452 TI - Anatomical and electromyographic studies of the lateral pterygoid muscle. AB - The relationships of the lateral pterygoid muscle within the infratemporal fossa were observed by conventional dissections and by examination of specimens sectioned in the horizontal and frontal planes. The following less well-known features were noted. At the origins of the superior and inferior heads there are regions in which the fibres are interlaced or closely overlapped by fibres of either the temporalis muscle or the medial pterygoid muscle. Fibres of the superior head insert not only into the meniscus of the temporomandibular joint, but also into the pterygoid fovea at the neck of the mandibular condyle. Specimens sectioned through the origin of the inferior head of the muscle show internal tendon lamellae consistent with a pennate structure. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded in five healthy subjects using concentric needle and fine-wire electrodes. Strong to very strong activity was consistently observed in the superior head during clenching and tooth gnashing. The inferior heads were silent or had negligible to slight activity most of the time during ipsilateral movements or clenching, but were co-activated bilaterally, with strong to very strong activity during jaw opening, protrusion, swallowing, tooth gnashing and during passive retrusion. They showed marked activity unilaterally during contralateral movements. PMID- 3478453 TI - Stress as a factor in muscle and temporomandibular joint pain. AB - Stress-induced muscle hyperactivity has been proposed as a major aetiological factor in the production of pain in the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joints. In the present study, a total of fifty-two patients with joint or muscle pain were evaluated for stress with the Derogatis Stress Profile (DSP). The muscle pain group (n = 24) had higher clinician ratings of psychological factors, stress and chronicity. The muscle-pain group also had higher Environmental Stress scores on the DSP, more intense pain, and more activity impairment than the joint-pain group (n = 28). The results of multiple regression analysis suggest an association between pain, depression, and impairment of activity in the muscle-pain group but not in the joint-pain group. The overall results further suggest that muscle pain develops at 'normal' levels of stress. PMID- 3478454 TI - A new experimental restoration model in man for studying enamel reactions. AB - A new model of experimental restoration is suggested for testing the marginal imperfections of composite resin, for examining the surface morphology of composite restorations and of sound, etched and remineralized enamel. Enamel dentine samples with standardized cavities and composite restorations were placed on lower removable partial dentures using the etching technique. After 12 and 28 days the specimens were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), operated at 15 kV. After 12 days the examination of the conventional composite resin by SEM showed extremely rough structures. The use of the enamel etch techniques produces acceptable marginal conditions with tags and some minor gaps. Etching the enamel emphasizes its prismatic structure and reveals the typical pattern of demineralization, involving prism cores and the preferential dissolution of prism peripheries. After 12 days the SEM appearance of uncovered etched enamel suggested that incomplete remineralization had occurred. After 28 days the mineral recoating, which had progressed further, predominantly involved prism-orientated repair. The experimental model described here is more accurate, highly standardizable and easily accessible, compared with conventional clinical and replica techniques. PMID- 3478455 TI - The orthopantomogram, an aid in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. I. The factor of vertical magnification. AB - As an orthopantomogram provides bilateral information, it seems to be an efficient tool for screening for arthropathy of craniomandibular disorders. An experimental model was designed and constructed to resemble a human mandible. By changing the position of the model in the horizontal plane of the orthopantomograph, nine different images were analysed for changes of vertical magnifications. Emphasis was put on large parts of the mandible like the condyle. In positions that had been altered less than 10 mm from the originally centred position of the mandible in the orthopantomograph, vertical differences between the left and right sides were less than 6%. Observed condylar asymmetries within a 6% difference might, therefore, be due to technical failures. PMID- 3478456 TI - Patient satisfaction after insertion of an osseointegrated implant bridge. AB - The general and specific satisfaction of patients treated with a jawbone-anchored bridge was compared with their pretreatment satisfaction with dentures (condition 1, n = 31). Patients who asked for information on the osseointegration method but did not apply for treatment (condition 2, n = 32), and a group of patients that did not ask for information (condition 3, n = 10) were also questioned on their satisfaction with dentures. The results indicated that condition 1 subjects were both socially and physically substantially more satisfied with their bridge than with their earlier dentures. On all satisfaction measures condition 3 subjects indicated more satisfaction with dentures than either condition 1 or condition 2 subjects. There were no significant differences between the three groups on several personality characteristics (neuroticism, test-taking attitudes, internal/external control). Condition 3 subjects were less extrovert (socially oriented) than the other subjects. Condition 1 subjects made several suggestions towards improvement of the pre- and post-operation phase, concerning the amount of pain involved and the cleaning of the bridge, etc. PMID- 3478457 TI - The state of the company. An interview with A.G. 'Bud' Lindstrand, President, Oregon Dental Service by James P. Fratzke and Alice M. Freuler. PMID- 3478459 TI - HIV infections--update. Etiology, pathogenesis, transmission and epidemiology. PMID- 3478460 TI - Oral manifestations and their management in AIDS and HIV-positive patients. PMID- 3478458 TI - A study of the Oregon dental profession. PMID- 3478462 TI - A number one priority. PMID- 3478461 TI - Syndrome of microtia and aortic arch anomalies resembling isotretinoin embryopathy. PMID- 3478463 TI - Effect of citric acid and various concentrations of fibronectin on healing following periodontal flap surgery in dogs. AB - The purpose of this histologic and histometric study was to examine the effect of citric acid and increasing concentrations of fibronectin on new connective tissue attachment following periodontal flap surgery. Full thickness, mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in six healthy mongrel dogs. Two to 3 mm of alveolar bone were removed along the buccal aspect of the teeth in the mandible and into the interproximal areas of each surgical site. Cementum was removed from the exposed root surfaces and reference notches were inscribed into the roots at the margin of the recontoured bone. Citric acid, pH 1.0, was applied to the instrumented root surfaces for 3 minutes and rinsed with sterile saline. Both the root surfaces and the inner surface of the flap were then bathed in either sterile saline or increasing concentrations (0.38, 0.75 and 1.5 mg/ml saline) or exogenous fibronectin. All the flaps were returned to their original preoperative positions, secured using figure 8 sutures with 4-0 braided silk and allowed to heal. Two dogs per time-point were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. Block specimens of the surgical sites were demineralized and serial sections prepared for histologic and histometric evaluations. Histologically, tissue sections were examined for: (1) epithelial proliferation and attachment, (2) periodontal fiber organization and maturation, (3) inflammatory cell types, (4) presence or absence of new cementum deposition and (5) degree of vascularity of the tissues. Histometric measurements were taken: (1) from the root surface notch to the apical extent of the junctional epithelium and (2) from the apical extent of the junctional epithelium to the free gingival margin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478464 TI - Root coverage with the free gingival graft. Factors associated with incomplete coverage. AB - The free soft tissue autograft when used for increasing the amount of attached gingiva is a relatively simple surgical procedure. The use of the free soft tissue autograft for root coverage, however, is a much more technically demanding procedure requiring the periodontist to consider additional factors. Overlooking or failing to properly address a single one of these factors can result in incomplete coverage. The purpose of this paper is to outline those factors that must be considered when complete root coverage is attempted. PMID- 3478465 TI - Clinical effectiveness of a dentifrice containing fluoride and a citrate buffer system for treatment of dentinal sensitivity. AB - Four test dentifrices were evaluated in a double-blind investigation to determine their effect on dentinal sensitivity in 87 adult human participants. Baseline data were obtained by patient questionnaire, dental examination and by soliciting subjective responses to controlled osmotic, thermal and tactile stimuli. The four dentifrices were: (1) a placebo dentifrice, (2) a fluoride dentifrice containing 0.1% fluoride, (3) a 2% citrate buffered dentifrice in a pluronic gel and (4) a dentifrice containing 0.1% fluoride and 2% citrate buffer in a pluronic gel. Precipitated silica provided the abrasive for all dentifrices. Dentifrices were supplied to participants on a random basis, and participants were instructed to brush twice daily for 8 weeks. Responses to the three stimuli as accomplished at baseline were obtained at 2, 4 and 8 weeks on 81 participants. A statistically significant stimulus reduction was found between treatment groups to thermal stimulus at the 2-month interval (P = 0.048) and to the tactile stimulus at 2 weeks (P = 0.019). Both the citrate dentifrice and the citrate/fluoride dentifrices demonstrated significant efficiency in reducing sensitivity. PMID- 3478466 TI - Relationship between periodontal furcation involvement and molar cervical enamel projections. AB - A total of 78 individuals ages 21 to 61 years with periodontal furcation involvement was examined for the presence of cervical enamel projections on the buccal surfaces of molar teeth. The furcal defects and cervical enamel projections (CEPs) of molars were diagnosed by probing, periapical roentgenographs, flap operation and inspection. Plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded for the buccal and lingual surfaces of molars examined. The percentage of CEPs in the 78 individuals examined was 67.9%. The prevalence of CEPs in all molars examined was 45.2%. The prevalence of CEPs in molars with and without furcal involvements were 82.5% and 17.5%, respectively. The frequency of CEP in molars occurred in the following order: mandibular first molars, maxillary first molars, mandibular second molars and maxillary second molars. Statistical analyses (Chi-square test) revealed a significant difference between periodontal furcation involvements and the presence of CEPs. Results of this study also indicated that the furcal involvements with CEPs were associated with poor oral hygiene as measured by GI and PlI. PMID- 3478468 TI - [Clinical study of a bioresorbable ceramic (Synthograft) in the treatment of intraosseous lesions. 2. Clinical results after 1 year]. PMID- 3478469 TI - [Esthetic access flap--(E.A.F.) Indications and results]. PMID- 3478467 TI - Effect of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine on sex steroids and thyroid hormones during the prespawning phase of the annual reproductive cycle in the freshwater teleost, Clarias batrachus. AB - Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine have been studied in the freshwater teleost Clarias batrachus during the prespawning period. The data have provided evidence of the inhibitory effects on sex steroids and thyroid hormones when the pineal indoleamines melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) are administered intramuscularly daily in the afternoon for 27 days. The different dose levels had different effects. The higher dose levels of melatonin showed the initiation of counter inhibitory impacts on testosterone and T3, T4 levels. The melatonin acted more effectively than 5-MT. PMID- 3478470 TI - [Correlation between oral hygiene and manual dexterity in dental students]. PMID- 3478472 TI - [Orthodontics in the treatment of periodontal disease. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 3478471 TI - [Recovering gingival recessions with a gingival graft. 1. Without treatment of the root surface with citric acid]. PMID- 3478473 TI - [Bio-apatites in augmentation surgery. Clinical results]. PMID- 3478474 TI - Platelet-activating factor-acether-induced relaxation of guinea pig airway muscle: role of prostaglandin E2 and the epithelium. AB - A fixed concentration of paf-acether (platelet-activating factor; 4 microM) relaxed isolated guinea pig tracheal preparations which had been contracted with histamine (50 microM), serotonin (1 microM) or leukotriene D4 (0.1 microM). The relaxations were approximately 43, 100 and 57%, respectively. We did not observe any relaxant effect of paf-acether (4 microM) in tissues contracted with acetylcholine (50 microM). Both lyso paf-acether (10 microM) and bovine serum albumin (25 micrograms/ml) were without effect on histamine-contracted preparations. In the presence of indomethacin (1.7 microM; 30 min) or aspirin (0.1 mM; 30 min) the relaxant effect of paf-acether (4 microM) in tissues contracted with histamine was significantly reduced to approximately 10 and 12%, respectively. When paf-acether (4 microM) was added to histamine-contracted tracheal preparations in the presence of noradrenaline (0.1 microM) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10 nM) the relaxations were 62 and 82%, respectively. Noradrenaline and PGE2 alone had only a slight relaxant effect in these tissues (7 and 14%, respectively). In the presence of indomethacin (1.7 microM) the synergistic effect of paf-acether and PGE2 was still observed. The basal production of PGE2 in isolated guinea pig tracheal preparations was 4.6 +/- 1.4 pg/mg of tissue. In the presence of paf-acether (4 microM) increased levels of this prostanoid were detected (11.2 +/- 2.4 pg/mg of tissue). Isolated guinea pig tracheal preparations when contracted with histamine released PGE2 (17.6 +/- 4.1 pg/mg of tissue). In the presence of histamine and paf-acether there was a significant increase in detectable levels of PGE2 (48.6 +/- 13.2 pg/mg of tissue).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478475 TI - Limitations of semiadjustable articulators. Part I: Straight line articulators without setting for immediate side shift. AB - The accuracy of two semiadjustable articulators was compared with a fully adjustable articulator. Positive errors in the frontal and horizontal planes were demonstrated at the level of the first molar. Increasing ISS produced more error whereas errors in the sagittal plane were minimal and negative. PMID- 3478476 TI - An investigation of the reproducibility of articulators. PMID- 3478477 TI - An alternative technique for location of the hinge axis. PMID- 3478478 TI - Prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hepatitis B. II: Disinfection method for hydrophilic impression materials. PMID- 3478479 TI - A cephalometric tomographic technique to visualize the buccolingual and vertical dimensions of the mandible. PMID- 3478480 TI - Surface analysis of titanium after sterilization: role in implant-tissue interface and bioadhesion. PMID- 3478481 TI - Nasal videoendoscopy in prosthetic management of palatopharyngeal dysfunction. AB - Application of nasal videoendoscopic procedures simplifies and objectifies design of an obturator prosthesis. Although oral videoendoscopic techniques are also valuable, the nasal perspective provides valuable information not visible from the oral perspective. Because the primary function of the obturator prosthesis is to eliminate hypernasal speech and perceived nasal emission of air associated with palatopharyngeal insufficiency, nasal videoendoscopy should be considered to verify proper soft tissue-obturator contact during speech. PMID- 3478483 TI - Tinnitus and otalgia in temporomandibular disorders. AB - A heterogeneous group of 105 TM patients were questioned about tinnitus and otalgia at an initial visit and again at a final visit 32 months later. Analysis of data showed no statistically positive correlation between the two symptoms although most patients had difficulty in separating onset of both symptoms. Tinnitus was more common within 1 to 5 years after onset than 10 to 15 years after onset. Tinnitus appeared to be an individual problem and was neither group- nor gender-related. Few patients identified an etiology for tinnitus. The use of oral appliances seemed to reduce or eliminate symptoms and the number of patients with fluctuating tinnitus decreased by one half between visits. No change occurred for patients with severe tinnitus. PMID- 3478482 TI - Spectral analysis of temporomandibular joint sounds. AB - Results demonstrated significant differences in the spectra of TMJ sounds due to differences in subject, in patients' clinical status, type of jaw movement, and specific axis of motion. We suggest that some of these differences are caused by motion of larger or smaller component structures of the joint. It is apparent that significant additional work is needed to correlate specific features of the sound spectra with anatomic and clinical information. In future work, we plan to do sound spectral analysis recording in conjunction with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the joint. Such data will allow us to identify specific frequency bands that correlate with specific structures in the joint or events occurring during the jaw motion, for example, the motion produced by a sudden change in the condyle/meniscus relationship. Once such baseline information is obtained, specific individual subjects can be followed up over a period of time to determine the effects of treatment. We hope that changes in specific frequency bands can be used as quantitative indices of the results of specific treatments. In addition to the guidance afforded the dentist from such quantitative information, a permanent quantitative record of the jaw joint status thus obtained could be of value for clinical as well as legal purposes. PMID- 3478484 TI - Evaluation of the barrier system, an infection control system for the dental laboratory. AB - An experimental system of laboratory infection control was tested, using 76 dentures from 40 volunteer patients. The dentures were cleansed on entering and again on leaving the laboratory. To evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection, the dentures were cultured as they were received from the patient, after the first cleansing, after polishing, and after the second cleansing. The disinfection of the prostheses involved scrubbing them with Hibiclens skin cleanser, rinsing, disinfection in one of three disinfectants (1:16 Sporicidin solution, full-strength Sporicidin solution, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite [undiluted Clorox]), and finally rinsing. Full-strength Sporicidin solution was significantly more effective than diluted Sporicidin solution, but no statistically significant difference was found between full-strength Sporicidin solution and sodium hypochlorite, or between sodium hypochlorite and 1:16 Sporicidin solution. All three solutions were effective in reducing or eliminating culturable aerobic bacteria. PMID- 3478485 TI - Aid to a stable centric relation record. PMID- 3478487 TI - Fluoride prescription practices of Ohio physicians. AB - In 1985 a fluoride supplement survey was mailed to all members of the Ohio Academy of Family Physicians and the Ohio chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The response rate after two mailings was 60.2 percent. Of the respondents who were identified as either family physicians or pediatricians, 76.6 percent reportedly prescribed fluoride supplements for at least some of their child patients. Pediatricians were more likely to prescribe fluoride supplements than were family physicians. Younger physicians also were more apt to prescribe fluoride supplements than were their older colleagues. Only 6.2 percent of those physicians who prescribed fluoride adhered to a minimum protocol of inquiring about the fluoride content of the child's drinking water, having the water analyzed when the fluoride content was unknown, and continuing fluoride supplements until at least age ten. Medical schools, and especially residency programs, should include a preventive dental segment that uses a state-specific protocol for the prescription of fluoride, including where water may be analyzed. For those already in practice, the preferred method of providing information may be short articles in local journals or newsletters. Public health dentists should assist the medical profession in this educational process. PMID- 3478486 TI - Training and calibrating evaluators for a national private dental office assessment program. AB - The work described was conducted to train and calibrate ten general dentists to participate as evaluators in a national program in which methods were developed and tested for the in-office evaluation of private general dental practice. The methods used in conducting six days of initial training are described, as well as the approach taken in establishing the posttraining levels of individual and group calibration achieved. Training and calibration that occurred halfway through a two-year field experience also are described. Techniques employed included the use of slides in lecture format; review of records, radiographs, and other materials from dental offices; examination of patients; use of a videotaped simulation of an office visit; and evaluation of private dental offices by paired evaluators. Calculation of percent of comparability of evaluator performance was used in determining calibration levels. We concluded that evaluators can be trained in six days to achieve a high level of calibration. Additional benefits were derived from the additional training session at the midpoint of field activities. Evaluators perceived themselves to be well prepared as a result of the training described. PMID- 3478488 TI - Two-year follow-up of 11,000 dental sealants in first permanent molars in the Saskatchewan Health Dental Plan. AB - The follow-up study examines the clinical success of sealing pits and fissures of permanent molars in a large auxiliary-based children's dental care program. The success of sealant use after one and two years was assessed using the following independent variables, (1) total number of sealants, (2) tooth location, (3) age of patient, and (4) initial caries status. The computerized records of 4,525 patients with 11,237 sealants were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Success occurred where no further treatment services were performed or where the tooth was resealed. The success rate after one year was 98.7 percent and after two years 97.0 percent. In considering tooth location, number of sealants per patient, age of patient, and initial caries status, the success rate varied only 2.2 percent over the two years. PMID- 3478489 TI - Estimates of the effects of a statewide sealant initiative on dentists' knowledge and attitudes. AB - The effects of a statewide initiative promoting the use of dental sealants were evaluated by assessing dentists' knowledge and attitudes before the initiative and 18 months later. Immediate changes also were determined for participants in continuing education (CE) sessions, a principal component of the initiative. Results of these assessments indicate that minor improvements in knowledge and attitudes occurred, that the effects were stronger but still modest for those dentists who participated in CE sessions, and that respondents believed the initiative had resulted in increased use of sealants. This evaluation highlights the need for controlled assessments of the effectiveness of future promotional campaigns. PMID- 3478490 TI - Oral health of US adults: NIDR 1985 national survey. PMID- 3478491 TI - Acute hypertensive response to prostaglandin F2 alpha during anesthesia administration. A case report. AB - Parenteral administration of prostaglandins in the F2 alpha family, agents with known vasoconstrictive properties, is useful in the control of postpartum hemorrhage. Hemodynamic responses in this setting are usually modest. We treated a patient for a transient but very severe hypertensive response during the administration of general anesthesia. PMID- 3478494 TI - Advantages of practicing as a professional corporation. PMID- 3478493 TI - Dentists aid in identification of crash victims. PMID- 3478492 TI - EMG-biofeedback training in fibromyalgia syndrome. AB - Fifteen patients with fibromyalgia syndrome were given EMG-BFB (biofeedback) training sessions because of persistent aches after one year of monthly courses of NSAID. A long-lasting clinical benefit was observed in 56%. The improvement was found in those without overt psychopathological disturbances. In fact, a subgroup of clinically depressed patients responded poorly. Our findings were confirmed in a controlled study. Six patients were allocated into "true EMG-BFB" and 6 into "false EMG-BFB" treatment in a blinded fashion. The rheumatological assessment revealed a significant improvement in most of the variables only in the "true EMG-BFB" group. PMID- 3478495 TI - The changing language of dentistry. PMID- 3478496 TI - Risk management: protecting against litigation in dentistry. PMID- 3478498 TI - Motivation: the key to success in dental health. PMID- 3478497 TI - The role of the dental hygienist in North America. PMID- 3478499 TI - Dentistry in Zambia. PMID- 3478500 TI - Periodontal awareness: will practitioners cope with demand? PMID- 3478501 TI - Eating disorders in American black men. AB - Eating disorders are rare in the black population, particularly in black men. A case of an atypical eating disorder in a black male adolescent is described. The clinical characteristics of this case are compared with others in the literature. PMID- 3478502 TI - An unusual triad of dental anomalies--fusion, supernumerary and dens invaginatus of the mandibular third molar. PMID- 3478503 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. State legislative activity. PMID- 3478504 TI - [Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia with vitamin D3 (1 alpha(OH)D3)]. PMID- 3478505 TI - [Clinical and electron microscopic investigation of 3 cases of acute myelomegakaryocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3478506 TI - [Endocrine function in two children of acute lymphocytic leukemia with growth impairment]. PMID- 3478507 TI - [A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with extradural tumor during hematological remission]. PMID- 3478509 TI - [An autopsy case of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia with extramedullary hematopoiesis in liver]. PMID- 3478508 TI - [A successful topical administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy associated oral mucosal lesions in a case of monocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3478510 TI - Plasma prostaglandin levels in patients with gynecologic malignancies and its fluctuations during chemotherapeutically-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. AB - Peripheral plasma prostaglandins (PGs) were assayed in 10 cases of gynecologic malignancies. In addition, fluctuations of PG levels during chemotherapeutically induced gastrointestinal toxicity as well as those caused by a bolus infusion of steroid hormone were investigated. As a result, the level of PGE2 in most cases of gynecologic malignancies was seen above or around the upper limit of that in healthy women. During chemotherapy, the levels of PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) increased significantly compared to baseline levels (P less than 0.05). A bolus infusion of steroid hormone did not bring about any noticeable change in any of the levels of PGF2 alpha, TxB2, PGE2 or 6K. It may be inferred from these findings that PGs are synthesized in tumor tissue itself and released into plasma. Also, the finding that the levels of peripheral plasma PGs increased during chemotherapy suggested that such an increase in PG release could be one of the factors causing gastrointestinal toxicity. Based on the fact that there were no changes in levels of peripheral plasma PGs due to the administration of steroid hormone, however, we failed to support the proposal that steroid hormone suppresses the release of PG. PMID- 3478512 TI - Case No. 20: yellow swelling of the buccal mucosa with a "pebbled" surface. PMID- 3478511 TI - [Evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics in oxygen therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and home ventilator care in a case of rigid spine syndrome]. PMID- 3478513 TI - Case No. 21: red lesions with serpiginous white margins. PMID- 3478514 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of analysis of lysosomal enzymes in the leukocytes of patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 3478515 TI - [HLA antigens in periodic disease]. PMID- 3478516 TI - Trends in myocardial revascularization. PMID- 3478517 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of hemorrhoids. PMID- 3478519 TI - Care of the patient with a prosthetic heart valve. PMID- 3478518 TI - Gynecomastia in the male: correction by liposuction. PMID- 3478520 TI - More evidence for selective use of intraoperative cholangiography. PMID- 3478522 TI - No hope--no, not never, ever! PMID- 3478521 TI - Association of a porcine mitral valve with development of a left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 3478523 TI - A new alternative in evaluating and treating impotence in men: direct injections of the corpora cavernosa. PMID- 3478525 TI - Ethical professionalism. PMID- 3478524 TI - Toxic substances in the dental workplace. Your guide to compliance with Tennessee's hazardous chemical right-to-know law. PMID- 3478526 TI - Dental practice busyness revisited. Dental practice in Tennessee. PMID- 3478527 TI - Clinical oral pathology--oral medicine. Fibrous dysplasia. Presentation V. PMID- 3478528 TI - A characteristic CFU-GM growth pattern in acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - Bone marrow and/or peripheral blood cells from 12 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were cultured in soft agar or methylcellulose in the presence of 15% human placental conditioned medium as a source of colony stimulating factor. Buffy coat cells, taken from ten patients when APL was diagnosed, produced a growth pattern in soft agar that was characterized by a high incidence of small, relatively uniform clusters of promyelocytes, which, when stained in situ, reacted strongly with myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B and chloroacetate esterase. In six cases, the leukemic origin of the cluster forming cells was demonstrated by the presence of the t(15;17) in these cells. During periods of complete remission the small clusters were replaced by larger and more diverse aggregates which had a normal karyotype. At relapse the small cluster growth pattern returned. The growth pattern of small clusters is more commonly associated with APL than with other types of acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3478530 TI - A review of AIDS-related legislative and regulatory policy in the United States. PMID- 3478529 TI - Multipotent human hematopoietic cell line K562: lineage-specific constitutive and inducible antigens. AB - K562 cells have been reported to display a variety of non-erythroid properties. Using 28 lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies, we analysed which antigens are present spontaneously and which are inducible by a variety of agents. The data suggest that (1) antigens of a given lineage are preferentially responsive to certain inducers, e.g. megakaryocytic antigens to phorbol ester, and (2) a given inducer may influence antigens of different lineages in opposite directions, e.g. phorbol dibutyrate, not only induces megakaryocytic antigens, but also decreases granulocyte and erythroid antigens. We conclude that the K562 cell, despite its malignant origin, retains some capacity for expression of alternative programs of differentiation, a characteristic of the normal multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. PMID- 3478531 TI - Infection control in the dental health care environment. PMID- 3478532 TI - Women in dentistry. No longer the exception to the rule. PMID- 3478533 TI - A report and analysis of lesions submitted to the LSU oral biopsy service during 1986. PMID- 3478534 TI - A trial of recombinant alpha 2 interferon in the myelodysplastic syndromes: I. Clinical results. AB - Interferon has been reported to have differentiation promoting effects in certain model systems. Because of this and other potentially beneficial effects, a trial of recombinant alpha 2 interferon was undertaken in myelodysplastic syndromes. The study population consisted of 14 patients, subclassified as two refractory anemia (RA), one RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS), nine RA with excess blasts (RAEB), and two chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). The planned dosage schedule was 2.0 MU/M2 t.i.w. sc x 2 weeks q 4 weeks for at least two cycles. No patient achieved the prospective remission criteria, which included sustained blood count improvements. Transient improvements of platelet counts of greater than 50% in baseline were noted in six patients, and a transient antileukemic effect was noted in one patient with CMMoL. Myelodysplastic syndrome patients were found to be sensitive to the count suppressing effects of alpha 2 interferon with greater than 25% suppression of granulocytes, platelets, or reticulocytes transiently noted in 11 patients and decreasing bone marrow cellularity noted in two while on treatment. Because of these effects, dosage adjustments were frequently instituted in the RA, RARS, and RAEB patients. The average dosages and durations of treatment received were thus 1.48 MU/M2 x 19.4 injections for patients with RA, RARS, and RAEB and 2.25 MU/M2 x 27 injections for the CMMoL patients. Progression to acute myeloid leukemia or RAEB in transformation was noted in five patients, and increasing leukocytosis was noted in one CMMoL patient while on protocol. It cannot be determined at this time whether these transformations were accelerated by alpha 2 interferon or represent selection bias in this study population. Although some evidence of beneficial effects was noted, alpha 2 interferon in this dosage and schedule is not a useful treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 3478535 TI - Prognostic value of clonogenic assay for induction and duration of complete remission in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - The validity of an in vitro clonogenic drug sensitivity assay to predict the induction and the duration of complete remission was evaluated in a group of 81 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia treated with chemotherapy including an anthracycline drug (daunorubicin or adriamycin) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The inhibition of bone marrow clonogenic leukemic cells by in vitro exposure to anthracyclines 10(-5) and 10(-6) M, Ara-C 10(-5) M, and daunorubicin 10(-6) M + Ara-C 10(-7) M was significantly correlated with the achievement of a complete remission, but not with the duration of remission. A high second plating efficiency was correlated with short duration of complete remission, reflecting the poor prognosis of a high self-renewal capacity. PMID- 3478536 TI - Prognostic implication of hyperdiploidy as based on DNA flow cytometric measurement in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia--a multicenter study. AB - The pretreatment distribution of DNA content was determined in the leukemic blasts of 114 children with standard risk acute lymphocytic leukemia. The patients were admitted to four different centers for pediatric oncology, participating in a national study ALL-V. In 39 of 107 evaluable patients (36.4%), a single aneuploid leukemic line was detected with a median DNA Index of 1.22 (range 1.10-1.40). These hyperdiploid patients did not differ from those with diploid disease for the presenting features of age, sex, FAB classification, immunophenotype, or white blood cell count. However, patients with hyperdiploid acute lymphocytic leukemia had a significantly longer (p = 0.021) disease-free survival after a median observation period of 52 months. These observations indicate that routinely applied flow cytometry of DNA content can identify a fairly large subgroup of children with standard risk acute lymphocytic leukemia who have a low probability of relapse. It may be considered to exempt these patients from more intensive treatment regimens. PMID- 3478537 TI - Localization of an abundant myeloid mRNA to individual leukocytes in mixed cell populations. AB - Differential screening of cDNA libraries with radiolabeled RNAs isolated from various sources provides a convenient way to identify cDNA clones representing RNAs that are more (or less) abundant in selected tissues. This strategy was previously used to isolate cDNA clones representing poly(A+)RNAs (mRNA) that are abundant in leukocytes from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. One limitation with the initial experiments was that the RNAs were isolated from heterogenous cell populations and it was impossible to distinguish whether all of the cells were producing the abundant mRNAs or if a subset of the cell population was responsible for the majority of the RNA species. To resolve this important issue, we have directly hybridized radiolabeled cDNAs to the cellular RNAs of intact, morphologically distinguishable, primary hematopoietic cells. In the present study clone pC-A3, which represents an mRNA species that is abundant in the chronic phase of CML, was used to examine three samples from normal bone marrow, one sample from normal peripheral blood, and four samples from peripheral blood of leukemic patients (one Ph1 + AL, two CML in compensated phase, and one CML in accelerated phase). The results show that while C-A3 gene expression is detectable in cells from the granulocytic, monocytic, and lymphoid lineage, its relative abundance peaks at the level of the neutrophilic myelocytes and promyelocytes. Earlier myeloid precursors like myeloblasts or mature neutrophilic granulocytes show less labeling. Further, all maturation stages of eosinophils (Eos) and basophil (Baso) are highly labeled. This finding reinforces recent evidence that Eos and Baso share a common progenitor and suggests that these two cell types may have a stronger role than previously noted in the prominent myeloproliferative response that is characteristic of CML. PMID- 3478539 TI - Cytokinetic effects of bifunctional antitumor intercalator ditercalinium on Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - Ditercalinium (NSC 335153) is a novel 7H-pyridocarbazole dimer in which the two monomers are joined by a rigid bis(ethylpiperidinyl)-linking chain producing a molecule capable of bisintercalation into DNA with extremely high affinity. The effect of ditercalinium on cell proliferation and its interaction with DNA in situ has been investigated in the Friend leukemia cell system. Ditercalinium caused an inhibition of cell growth at 0.5 microM and cell death at 2.5 microM. However, both the cytokinetic and cytotoxic effects became evident only after 1-2 days of continuous drug exposure. In contrast, monointercalators generally affect cell growth within several hours of administration. Furthermore, whereas most intercalators arrest cells in G2 phase, ditercalinium demonstrated no cell cycle phase specificity. In fact, a stathmokinetic experiment, in which vinblastine was used to prevent cell division in exponentially growing Friend leukemia cell cultures, demonstrated that ditercalinium effectively "froze" cells in position throughout the cell cycle, in a dose-dependent fashion. By determining the sensitivity of DNA in situ in fixed Friend leukemia cells to acid-induced denaturation, it was apparent that ditercalinium, rather than stabilizing DNA as do monointercalators, increased the sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation induced by acid. It appears, therefore, that the cytokinetic effects and interaction with chromatin of an agent that has the ability to bisintercalate into DNA are qualitatively different from those induced by classical monointercalating drugs. PMID- 3478538 TI - Phorbol esters and hairy cell leukemia: effects on cell morphology and surface membrane features and comparison with other B cell leukemias. AB - Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) mononuclear cells were incubated with the phorbol ester TPA in an attempt to induce further maturation and were compared with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Morphology, surface features, membrane markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and Ig secretion were examined. HCL cells spread and adhered firmly after TPA, producing elongated filopodia. Cells still retained ribosomal lamellar complexes, and increased numbers of dense bodies were seen. TPA enhanced the adherent and phagocytic properties of HCL cells, producing a modest increase in the expression of membrane Ig, GP-70, and Leu-M5 markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and Ig secretion. Other neoplastic B cells behaved differently, forming readily detachable clumps without elongated filopodia. Maturation to plasma cells and hairy cell features were readily evident in all cases. These differences in growth patterns were consistent and may be used to distinguish HCL from other B cell neoplasias. PMID- 3478540 TI - Mitoxantrone and ara-C in previously treated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Mitoxantrone is a synthetic aminoanthraquinone we have previously reported to be effective for patients with acute leukemia in relapse. We presently report the results of a trial of mitoxantrone in combination with cytosine arabinoside (ara C) in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Forty nine patients, 24 males and 25 females, with a median age of 56, of whom 32 were in first relapse, four were in second relapse, and 13 had primarily refractory AML, were treated with mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2 daily for 3 days and ara-C 100 mg/m2 daily by continuous infusion for 7 days. Twenty patients (62.5%) with first relapse AML achieved M1 marrow, whereas only two of 13 patients with refractory AML did; none of four patients with more than one prior remission responded. Marrow recovery was observed in a median of 32 days. Remissions were maintained with monthly ara-C plus mitoxantrone alternating with ara-C plus 6-TG; median duration of remission was 8 months and two patients are in continuing remission at 8 and 16 months. Treatment was well tolerated, with minimal nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, drug-induced mucositis. Treatment-related cardiac toxicity was not observed. Transient hepatic dysfunction was observed in greater than 50% of courses. Mitoxantrone plus ara-C is an active combination with great promise for the therapy of previously untreated patients with AML. PMID- 3478541 TI - Serum transaminase level at diagnosis has no prognostic value in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3478542 TI - A subgroup of all patients delimitated by two inherited factors. PMID- 3478543 TI - Comparison between the plasma and intracellular pharmacology of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5' monophosphate in patients with relapsed leukemia. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (F-ara-A) and their respective 5'-triphosphates, ara-CTP and F-ara-ATP, were compared in human plasma and circulating leukemic blasts (CLB) since initial phosphorylation of ara-C and F-ara-A is catalyzed by the same enzyme, deoxycytidine kinase. These investigations were conducted in 4 patients after the first infusion of high-dose ara-C therapy (3 g/m2 i.v. infused over 2 hr) and, following the failure of each to respond, after the initial bolus of F-ara-A monophosphate (50-100 mg/m2 i.v. over 30 min) in a subsequent treatment regimen. The median terminal rate of elimination (t1/2) of F-ara-A was 8.4 hr compared to 2.2 hr for ara-C. The median t1/2 for F-ara-ATP in CLB was 12.2 hr relative to 1.9 hr for ara-CTP. To evaluate the possibility that diminished deoxycytidine kinase was a mechanism of drug resistance, the relative area under the concentration X time curve (AUC) of the active triphosphate of each prodrug in the CLB of individuals was compared. The intracellular nucleotide AUC was normalized by dividing it by the AUC of the respective nucleoside in plasma. A value of 1.0 for the resulting ratio would be expected if the accumulation and retention of F-ara-ATP and ara-CTP were identical. In these patients, however, this ratio ranged between 0.2 and 68.2. When a similar analysis was performed in vitro using four established human leukemia cell lines, a 150-fold variation was found in the normalized nucleotide AUC ratio. Thus, the metabolic characteristics of ara-CTP in CLB of patients who fail to respond to high-dose ara-C may not predict the cellular metabolism of F-ara-ATP in the same patient at a later disease stage. PMID- 3478544 TI - Iatrogenic and idiopathic acute myelogenous leukemia: a comparison of clinical features and treatment complications. AB - We have compared the clinical and laboratory features as well as treatment complications observed in 6 patients with iatrogenic acute myelogenous leukemia (I-AML) with those of 26 patients with idiopathic acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). I-AML patients were significantly younger and their disease appeared less virulent on admission than in the AML patients. Following identical chemotherapy, hemorrhagic complications and the need for platelet support were found to be similar for both groups. Major infections, including systemic candidiasis and Gram-negative septicemias, occurred 3 times more frequently among I-AML than AML patients. More marked suppression and delayed regeneration of the bone marrow also occurred in I-AML patients. These observations and other factors, such as post-splenectomy state and inherent immune deficiency among surgically staged lymphoma patients as well as radiation induced immunologic impairment, may have contributed to the increased propensity to develop infection observed in this group of patients. Five of the 6 I-AML and 17 of the 26 AML patients achieved remission. We attribute the satisfactory outcome in our I-AML patients to treatment in a protective environment and availability of facilities for hematologic supportive care. PMID- 3478545 TI - Hypereosinophilia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A case of a coincident acute lymphoblastic leukemia and marked eosinophilia is presented. The clinical and pathological features of this case are discussed with special emphasis on the hypereosinophilic syndrome versus secondary hypereosinophilia that can be found to accompany ALL. Special immunological studies may be helpful in the diagnostic procedures. PMID- 3478546 TI - [Bone cement containing cytostatic drugs: new aspects in the treatment of malignant bone tumors. I. Experimental studies]. AB - Radical surgery in malignant bone tumors can either be limited by anatomical structures or seems inadequate in the palliative stabilization of bone metastases. Incomplete removal of the tumor and stabilization by compound osteosynthesis or endoprosthesis contains two problems: 1) the wide spread of malignant cells by manipulation in the tumor bearing area; 2) progressive destruction of bone due to remaining tumor. To overcome these problems we developed methotrexate bone cement (MTX-Palacos) with the aim to obtain high local concentrations of methotrexate in order to destroy remaining tumor cells and avoid systemic side effects. In vitro studies showed that methotrexate is released continuously from this cement without relevant changes of its biomechanical properties. Animal studies with transplanted osteosarcomas and mamma carcinomas in mice showed a considerable decrease of tumor growth when a plug of MTX-Palacos was inserted in the center of the tumor. Histological findings showed that in the surroundings of the plug the tumor was destroyed considerably contrary to normal bone cement which had no effect on the tumor at all. The results are discussed with regard to clinical application of MTX Palacos. PMID- 3478547 TI - When disaster hits home. PMID- 3478548 TI - Successful restorative dentistry for the internal derangement patient. Part I: Treatment position. PMID- 3478549 TI - Cementoma: periapical cemental dysplasia. PMID- 3478550 TI - Structure and sequence of the H surface protein gene of Paramecium and comparison with related genes. AB - The serotype H immobilization antigen (H i-ag) gene of Paramecium tetraurelia was isolated from a genomic library by screening with the H i-ag transcript. The gene is 7.5 kb long and contains no introns. Similar to other i-ag genes, it does not undergo rearrangement or duplication upon expression. In contrast, only the H i ag gene appears to be non-adjacent to a telomere. Sequence comparisons between the H, A, and C i-ag genes of stock 51 and the G i-ag gene of stock 156 identify conserved upstream sites and extensive homology in the 3' non-coding region. Several of these sites may be involved in regulating the expression of the i-ags. Segments of amino acid homology among these genes are also predicted by the DNA sequences. PMID- 3478551 TI - Inducible reactivation of UV-irradiated cholera phage e5 in Vibrio cholerae MAK757. AB - The survival of UV-irradiated cholera phage e5 was found to increase when the host cells, Vibrio cholerae MAK757, were exposed to a low dose of UV irradiation before phage infection (Weigle reactivation), indicating the existence of a UV inducible DNA repair pathway (SOS repair) in V. cholerae MAK757. The induction signal generated by UV irradiation was transient in nature and lasted about 20-30 min at 37 degrees C. Maximal Weigle reactivation of the phage was obtained when the host cells were irradiated with a UV dose of 16 J/m2. V. cholerae MAK757 was also found to possess efficient photoreactivation and host cell reactivation of UV-damaged DNA in phage e5. PMID- 3478552 TI - Genomic organization, sequence analysis and expression of all five genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tomato. AB - We have cloned and sequenced all five members of the gene family for the small subunit (rbcS) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT LA 1221 cherry line. Two of the five genes, designated Rbcs-1 and Rbcs-2, are present as single genes at individual loci. Three genes, designated Rbcs-3A, Rbcs-3B and Rbcs-3C, are organized in a tandem array within 10 kb at a third independent locus. The Rbcs-2 gene contains three introns; all the other members of the tomato gene family contain two introns. The coding sequence of Rbcs-1 differs by 14.0% from that of Rbcs-2 and by 13.3% from that of Rbcs-3 genes. Rbcs-2 shows 10.4% divergence from Rbcs-3. The exon and intron sequences of Rbcs-3A are identical to those of Rbcs-3C, and differ by 1.9% from those of Rbcs-3B. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the five rbcS genes encode four different precursors, and three different mature polypeptides. S1 nuclease mapping of the 5' end of rbcS mRNAs revealed that the mRNA leader sequences vary in length from 8 to 75 nucleotides. Northern analysis using gene specific oligonucleotide probes from the 3' non-coding region of each gene reveals a four to five-fold difference among the five genes in maximal steady state mRNA levels in leaves. PMID- 3478553 TI - Overlapping transcription units in Drosophila: sequence and structure of the Cs gene. AB - The Cs gene lies between the functionally and evolutionarily related dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) and l(2)amd loci of Drosophila. The Cs and Ddc genes overlap at their 3' ends, implying that the transcription termination signals of these genes are polar, since each gene's primary transcript contains the complement of the other gene's transcription termination signals. The mature transcripts of the Cs and Ddc genes are complementary for a short distance and the primary transcripts may be complementary over thousands of base pairs. Despite intensive mutagenesis in this region, no mutations affecting the Cs transcript have been recovered although over 90 alleles of the two flanking genes (Ddc and l(2)amd) have been identified. Unlike the flanking Ddc and l(2)amd genes, the structure of the Cs gene and the temporal and tissue specificity of Cs expression are inconsistent with any structural or functional relatedness to the Ddc gene family. The internal structure of the Cs transcript is unlike that of most protein coding genes; it contains several open reading frames which are not situated favorably for efficient translation of the Cs message. This unusual internal structure may be the basis of the observed mutational silence of the Cs locus. PMID- 3478554 TI - [Ofloxacin in the treatment of gynecologic and obstetrical infections]. PMID- 3478556 TI - [Impacted supernumerary tooth in the ethmoid sinus. Description of a case]. PMID- 3478555 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis and therapy of pathological lesions of the jaws]. PMID- 3478558 TI - [Lead accumulation in the teeth of individuals with different environmental exposures]. PMID- 3478559 TI - [Healing of bone rarefaction by root canal therapy alone. II]. PMID- 3478557 TI - [Dentinal protection during periodontal therapy]. PMID- 3478560 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia or Christ-Siemens-Weech syndrome. A case report]. PMID- 3478561 TI - [Evaluation of the incisor axis in patients undergoing maxillomandibular osteotomies]. PMID- 3478562 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic comments on the outcome of total conservative parotidectomy]. PMID- 3478563 TI - [Surgical correction of the protruding ear. Our experience]. PMID- 3478564 TI - [Ameloblastic odontoma: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3478565 TI - [Osteoid osteomas of the jaws. Clinical and histopathological aspects]. PMID- 3478566 TI - [Odontometry of deciduous dentition. II. Correlation with growth parameters]. PMID- 3478567 TI - [Osteomyelitis of the mandible]. PMID- 3478568 TI - [Anatomico-pathological aspects of 19 cases of epulis]. PMID- 3478569 TI - [Clinico-statistical characteristics of a school-age population sample. III. The incidence of dental pathology and dentofacial anomalies]. PMID- 3478570 TI - [Traumatic fractures of the anterior teeth: a new restoration method]. PMID- 3478571 TI - [Clinical aspects of traumatic lesions of the teeth associated with oromaxillofacial injuries]. PMID- 3478572 TI - [An unusual foreign body. A clinical note]. PMID- 3478573 TI - [Objective clinical instrumental assessment of the manner of respiration in 10 dysgnathic patients]. PMID- 3478574 TI - [A method of cephalometric measurement of the nasopharyngeal air space]. PMID- 3478575 TI - [Primary orthodontics in treating cheilopalatoschisis: a midterm orthognathodontic assessment of its use]. PMID- 3478576 TI - [Disabilities of the stomatognathic system because of service]. PMID- 3478577 TI - The microbiology of plaque. PMID- 3478578 TI - Emergencies in the dental office (part II). PMID- 3478579 TI - Immunological cross-reactions between a cat hair and skin scraping extract and a cat serum and investigation of common allergenic molecules of cat 1 with cat serum. AB - Investigations of cross reactions between a cat hair and skin scraping extract (CHSS) and a cat serum (CS) were done by several biochemical and immunochemical methods. Furthermore, we looked for common allergenic molecules in a cat 1 reference preparation and in a CS. In crossed (radio) immunoelectrophoresis (CIE/CRIE) of CHSS vs. anti CS-serum one to eight allergen bands could be detected depending on the human serum employed. By constructing allergograms from the CRIE patterns of 17 patients' sera one out of eight allergens could be defined as a major allergen. CRIE of the cat 1 reference vs. anti CS-serum, using the sera of two cat allergic patients, displayed four to nine allergen bands, indicating that the cat 1 reference is not a pure preparation but rather an enriched fraction. PMID- 3478580 TI - Asthma and rhinitis related to laboratory rats: use of a purified rat urinary allergen to study exposure in laboratories and the human immune response. AB - Using the major rat allergen as a model has made it possible to study both natural exposure and the human immune response to an important laboratory animal. The close correlation between positive skin tests to whole rat urine and IgE antibody to the major urinary allergen in this and previous studies supports the use of this protein as a model rat allergen. Measurements of airborne rat allergen confirm that the maximum levels are higher than those reported with pollen or mite allergens. However, it is possible that exposure to rat allergens is comparable to levels of exposure to cat salivary allergens in houses with cats. The clear implication is that the high levels of exposure are responsible for the fact that a large proportion of exposed individuals develop IgG antibodies. Our results suggest that the prevalence of IgG antibodies (not individual levels) in a group of workers would be a good guide to exposure. This leaves unresolved why some of the individuals who develop IgG ab also develop IgE ab and become at risk for developing asthmatic responses. Only part of this risk is related to atopy. A striking feature of all the studies on animal allergy is the close association between IgE ab and asthma. It appears clear that it is those immune responses that include IgE ab that are a risk factor for asthma. It is not sensible for anyone to remain consistently sick with asthma and continue working with laboratory animals because there are well documented examples of occupational asthma that has not resolved after ceasing exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478581 TI - Practices in cat and dog immunotherapy among allergists. AB - Allergists in each of four groups, board certified with academic affiliation (A), board certified without academic affiliation (B), non-board certified (NB), and previous trainees of our program (PT)--were queried as to their practices and philosophies in cat and dog epidermal immunotherapy (CDI) and pollen immunotherapy (PI). The four groups were similar in numbers of new patients seen and practices of PI. In several instances, with respect to CDI, however, the PT and A groups segregated from the B and NB groups. Most of B and NB allergists would administer CDI to a patient who refused to give up a pet, while most physicians in the PT or the A groups would not. Overall the number of patients placed on CDI was higher and the degree of efficacy was perceived as higher among the NB and B groups than in the PT or A groups. PMID- 3478582 TI - Severe asthma due to household pets: a form of child abuse or neglect. AB - Children may suffer severe asthma as a result of exposure to household pets. Failure of parents or other caretakers to remove pets from the home environment may be considered child abuse or neglect. Physicians caring for such children may be required to report those cases to the state government. PMID- 3478583 TI - Mechanism of the phorbol ester-mediated redistribution of asialoglycoprotein receptor: selective effects on receptor recycling pathways in Hep G2 cells. AB - We have investigated the effect of phorbol dibutyrate on intracellular routing of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) in a human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2. We have previously shown that this agent causes a net redistribution of 50% of cell surface receptors to the cell interior (Fallon, R.J., and A.L. Schwartz, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 15081-15089 (1986)). To explore the mechanism of this effect, we measured the rate constants of receptor and ligand movement during internalization, ligand-receptor uncoupling, sorting of ligand to degradative sites or return to the extracellular medium, and return of receptor to the plasma membrane. The rate of internalization of bound asialoorosomucoid (ASOR) is identical in phorbol ester-treated and control cells, over a range of ASOR concentrations from 5 to 125 nM. The pathway of ligand recycling returns approximately 30% of internalized ASOR undegraded to the extracellular medium; phorbol esters do not modify the extent of this pathway in Hep G2 cells nor the kinetics of recovery of undegraded ASOR in the medium (t1/2 = 20 min). The rate of ligand-receptor uncoupling is similarly unaltered by phorbol esters, as measured by the amount of free ASOR that accumulates intracellularly and exits the cell after saponin permeabilization. In contrast, phorbol esters cause a rapid (less than 5 min) 50% decrease in receptor return to the cell surface from internal sites. This suggests that 1) phorbol esters interfere with selected specific sites in receptor and ligand pathways of receptor-mediated endocytosis and 2) the apparent net "internalization" of ASGP-R by phorbol esters results from an inhibition of receptor recycling to the cell surface and not from a direct stimulation of the internalization process. PMID- 3478585 TI - [Clinical-statistical research on 59 fractures of the angle with wisdom teeth in the line]. PMID- 3478584 TI - Regulation of hepatic sulfotransferase catalyzing the activation of N hydroxyarylamide and N-hydroxyarylamine by growth hormone. AB - The regulatory mechanism of hepatic sulfation of N-hydroxyarylamine and N hydroxyarylamide by endocrine factors has been studied in rats. The cytosolic sulfations of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) and 2-hydroxyamino 6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (N-hydroxy-Glu-P-1), which were determined by the reductive formations of 2-acetylaminofluorene and Glu-P-1, were seven to nine times and three times higher, respectively, in male than female rats. Hypophysectomy of male rats decreased their activities to 23% and 41% of the levels of the untreated animals, respectively. Intermittent treatment of hypophysectomized male and female rats with human growth hormone (hGH) significantly increased their sulfating activities of both compounds. Infusion of hGH also enhanced the sulfating activity of N-hydroxy-AAF but not of N-hydroxy Glu-P-1. The sulfating activity of N-hydroxy-AAF was also decreased by castration at neonate and was increased by the administration of testosterone propionate to gonadectomized male and female rats. Testosterone propionate and estradiol benzoate had no effect on hypophysectomized rats, but estradiol benzoate repressed the sulfating activities of N-hydroxy-AAF and N-hydroxy-Glu-P-1 in hGH treated hypophysectomized male rats. These results indicate that sex steroids elicit their effects on the sulfations of N-hydroxyl-aryl compounds through modulating the action of growth hormone at hypothalamus-pituitary and hepatic levels in rat livers. PMID- 3478586 TI - [Number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the fluid washed from periodontal pockets in relation to their depth]. PMID- 3478587 TI - [Angiomas of the oral cavity: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3478588 TI - [Analysis of positive and negative motivation for the practice of hygiene in a group of Italian periodontal patients]. PMID- 3478589 TI - [Functional relation between the masticatory muscles and the trapezius muscle using electromyography]. PMID- 3478590 TI - [Epidemiological study of dental caries in nursery schools in the city of Varese]. PMID- 3478591 TI - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the palate: presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 3478593 TI - [Variations in condylar bone density in subjects with craniomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 3478592 TI - [Clinico-tomographic evaluation of a group of patients with temporomandibular joint disease: condylar-temporal topographic analysis]. PMID- 3478594 TI - [Significance and selected examples for using determinations of isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in pediatrics]. AB - The interpretation of total alkaline phosphatase in paediatric patients is complicated by the wide range of normal values in the various age groups. Selected separations of isoenzymes in cases of rickets, hepatitis, cirrhosis, congenital atresia of the bile duct, during cytostatic or anticonvulsant therapy in 32 paediatric patients demonstrate the clinical relevance of isoenzyme determination. PMID- 3478596 TI - Patent office decision puts Genentech out in front. PMID- 3478595 TI - Novel chimaeric protein expressed in Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Cytogenic changes are becoming increasingly important in understanding the pathogenesis of human malignancies. The t(9;22) (q34;q11) translocation is one of the most consistent and generates the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) (ref. 1) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML); it has also been observed in some acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) (ref. 2). In CML the breakpoints occur on chromosome 22 in the region designated bcr (ref. 3) and result in the expression of a bcr-abl fusion product of relative molecular mass (MT) 210,000 (210K) with associated in vitro tyrosine kinase activity (P210bcr-abl). In some cases of Ph1 positive ALL, a novel abl-related protein (P190all-abl) of 190K has been shown to have tyrosine kinase activity. In this report we demonstrate that the P190all-abl protein has a bcr determinant from the amino-terminal region, but is lacking a bcr determinant normally found in the P210bcr-abl near the bcr-abl junction. The chimaeric nature of the P190all-abl was confirmed by sequential immunoprecipitation with antisera against abl and bcr peptides. PMID- 3478597 TI - [The consent principle and diagnostic studies for HIV infection]. PMID- 3478598 TI - [A classical dilemma: whose interest prevails?]. PMID- 3478599 TI - [Gene therapy: from fiction to reality?]. PMID- 3478600 TI - [The reliability of universal criteria for composite preparations in the anterior teeth]. PMID- 3478602 TI - [The importance of natural teeth to general health]. PMID- 3478601 TI - [Etiology of lesions of the root surface]. PMID- 3478603 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3478604 TI - [All teeth insured? Insurance options for dentistry on closer examination]. PMID- 3478605 TI - [Study progress and the prediction of study results in an individual study system]. PMID- 3478607 TI - [MRI diagnosis of demyelinating disease and degenerative disease]. PMID- 3478606 TI - [Assessment of functional status in children with brain tumors]. AB - Thirty children treated for brain tumors between 1978-1985 at Kurume university hospital were evaluated for alternation in intellectual, emotional, and social function. They were 15 males and 15 females, aged 3 to 16 years, on the averaged 1.7 years after treatment. Twenty-eight children had no neurological deficits and 2 children had slight neurological deficits. It was possible for twenty-eight children to be evaluated for intelligence quotient by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-revised and Tanaka-Binet. The median score and standard deviation of intelligence quotient (IQ) test in children with brain tumors were as follows; verbal IQ: 84 +/- 16, performance IQ: 77 +/- 20, full scale IQ: 80 +/- 20. There children with brain tumors obtained significant low IQ scores than children (t test, P less than 0.01). Twenty-one (72%) children showed subnormal IQ scores (IQ less than 90) and 7 children showed normal IQ scores (IQ greater than or equal to 90). Concerning social and emotional function, twelve children (45.7%) showed abnormal behaviour. The median scores and standard deviation of IQ scores in cranial irradiated patients were as follows; verbal IQ: 79 +/- 13, performance IQ: 71 +/- 15, full scale IQ: 71 +/- 14. Especially, ten of twelve cranial irradiated patients showed subnormal IQ scores. Also, cranial irradiated patients obtained significant low IQ scores than non-cranial irradiated patients (t-test, P less than 0.05). Serial evaluation of three cranial irradiated patients revealed further deterioration without recurrence of tumor and hydrocephalus, The results are discussed to: (1) the effects and mechanism of cranial irradiation on cognitive development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478608 TI - Muscle energy metabolism in McArdle's syndrome by in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Five patients with McArdle's syndrome were examined by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels at rest were reduced by 22%, but did not fall further during exercise or contracture. The slope of work rate versus inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine (Pi/PCr) was 42 +/- 8 joules/min/Pi/PCr in three patients without muscle wasting, compared with 13 and 16 in patients with atrophy (normal, 30 to 50 joules/min/Pi/PCr). Recovery from exercise showed similar rates in patients (postischemic exercise 1.03 +/- 0.17, post-aerobic 1.63 +/- 0.17 PCr/Pi units per minute) and controls (1.0 +/- 0.2 and 1.8 +/- 0.2, respectively) independent of intracellular pH. Infusion of glucose improved exercise kinetics by 163 to 190%, but an oral load of protein had no effect. We conclude that (1) muscle mitochondria operate normally in vivo in this glycogenolytic disorder, suggesting a sufficient alternate fuel supply. (2) Blood-borne glucose may serve as one alternate fuel for the "second wind" phenomenon. (3) ATP control mechanisms are altered only at rest. (4) Recovery from exercise is relatively pH-independent. PMID- 3478610 TI - Organ recovery in New Jersey--1968-1987. PMID- 3478609 TI - The nature of malpractice claims. PMID- 3478611 TI - Bicycle injuries in a suburban community. PMID- 3478612 TI - Basic arterial anatomy of the brain. PMID- 3478613 TI - Outbreaks of clam-associated gastroenteritis in New Jersey: 1983-1984. PMID- 3478614 TI - Current management of acute leukaemia. PMID- 3478615 TI - Fibronectin deficiency following cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3478616 TI - The role of the physician as the patient's advocate. PMID- 3478617 TI - Fibronectin levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3478619 TI - The discovery of the first drug effective in treating acute lymphoid leukemia in children. PMID- 3478618 TI - Corticosteroid therapy in sarcoidosis. A five-year, controlled follow-up study. PMID- 3478620 TI - Mr Keane's tree. PMID- 3478621 TI - Diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma. The case for timely intervention. PMID- 3478623 TI - Computed tomography of Morgagni hernia. PMID- 3478622 TI - Bilateral diaphragm paralysis associated with topical cardiac hypothermia. PMID- 3478624 TI - Tissue injury and breast carcinoma. PMID- 3478625 TI - Subcutaneous nonparenchymal hemangioma of the breast. PMID- 3478626 TI - Cellular DNA content and CA-125 antigen expression in ovarian carcinomas. AB - Tumor tissue specimens obtained at the time of disease diagnosis from patients with ovarian carcinoma were analyzed for cellular DNA content and CA-125 antigen expression. The presence or absence of aneuploidy did not influence the expression of the CA-125 antigen. In addition, both intra- and interlesional heterogeneity of cellular DNA content and CA-125 antigen expression were noted. PMID- 3478627 TI - Plan your tax shelters now. PMID- 3478628 TI - Ensure your staff's safety. PMID- 3478629 TI - Monitors, heat sterilization. PMID- 3478630 TI - When does the dentist have to tell? Guidelines to confidentiality. PMID- 3478631 TI - Two ways to correct bird-face deformity. AB - Two different ways of correcting micromandibularism inherent in the bird-face deformity have been described. Both procedures may be applied to correct the symmetric or the asymmetric types of bird-face deformity. Both have the elongation in the front area by means of one- or two-step advancement genioplasty in common. The difference between the two procedures lies mainly in the way the elongation of the mandibular body is achieved. Procedure 2 advocates the elongation of the mandible by means of vertical osteotomy within the tooth bearing area, and procedure 1 advocates the elongation of the mandible behind the tooth-bearing area by means of the extended sagittal split osteotomy. Both procedures are demonstrated by drawings and by cases of patients who have been operated on. PMID- 3478632 TI - Assessment of recovery from injury to inferior alveolar and mental nerves. AB - Thirty-four patients had surgery near but not transecting either the inferior alveolar nerve or mental nerve. Thermal tests revealed that between 62% and 81% of the nerves that were evaluated had sensory deficits. Sixty-seven percent of patients had abnormal intraoral and extraoral responses to fine tactile testing. The least discriminative test was two-point contact. A smaller percentage (14% to 23%) were hyperpathic to heat stimuli, and a few (5% to 15%) had completely normal thermal and tactile sensation. A high percentage (43% to 71%) of patients elected to have corrective nerve surgery. PMID- 3478633 TI - Sexual dimorphism in the distribution of estrogen receptors in the temporomandibular joint complex of the baboon. AB - The localization of radiolabeled estradiol was examined in the temporomandibular complex of male baboons by means of an autoradiographic technique. Five baboons were studied. Four animals received only the tritiated estrogen (1 microgram/kgm) and one animal, which served as the control, received both the tritiated estrogen and the unlabeled estrogen (100 micrograms/kgm). The study failed to demonstrate nuclear uptake and retention of tritiated estrogen in any of the tissues of the temporomandibular joint complex, including the articular surface of the condyle, articular disk, capsule, and muscles of mastication. However, estrogen receptors were identified in other tissues, including the pituitary. All tissues examined in the control animal were negative for estrogen receptors. It was concluded that there were no estrogen receptors in the temporomandibular joint complex of aged male baboons. As in previous studies, these findings provide additional evidence of a sexual dimorphism with respect to estrogen receptor distribution in the temporomandibular joint complex of the baboon. Furthermore, it is reasonable to speculate that estrogens may modulate a variety of metabolic functions in these tissues that could be important in the maintenance, repair, and/or pathogenesis of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3478635 TI - A method to facilitate placement of screws for sagittal ramus osteotomy. AB - This article describes a method of placing screws for bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomies. The technique, a slight modification of previous methods, eliminates the need for use of a clamp, aids in proximal segment control, and employs a single transosseous wire and two transcortical screws. This method has been used in more than 50 cases and has been proved to be adaptable and stable, even without intermaxillary fixation. PMID- 3478634 TI - Identification of patients at risk for unnecessary or excessive TMJ surgery. AB - Musculoskeletal pain in the head and neck may be associated with a variety of psychological and psychiatric conditions. Therefore, patients with persistent temporomandibular (TMJ) and masticatory muscle complaints must also be evaluated for affective disorders. Identification of patients at risk for unnecessary or excessive TMJ surgery is enhanced when the surgeon is aware of a pattern of persistent pain and illness insistence that characterizes these patients. This article presents a list of characteristics that may identify a patient with an undiagnosed affective disorder who may be exposed to unnecessary treatment. PMID- 3478636 TI - Dislodgement of a submandibular gland sialolith during nasal intubation. A case report. AB - A case of dislodgement of a submandibular sialolith into the oropharynx during nasal intubation is presented. The deleterious effect of the patient aspirating the stone into the lungs was averted by the taking of a lateral skull radiograph and localization and removal of the sialolith. PMID- 3478637 TI - The medication of patients with oral lichen planus and the association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with erosive lesions. AB - While the cause of lichen planus remains unclear, a number of drugs are known to produce oral and cutaneous lesions that clinically and histologically resemble lichen planus. In this study, the medication taken by 225 consecutive patients with oral lichen planus was compared with the drug histories of 202 age- and gender-matched control patients who were treated at the same clinics. Fifty-three percent of the patients with lichen planus and 44% of the control patients were taking one or more drugs (p greater than 0.05). However, 17% of the patients with lichen planus were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) compared with 9% of the control patients (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in the use of antihypertensive, oral hypoglycemic, or psychotropic drugs between the two groups. Almost 30% of the patients with the more severe erosive form of lichen planus were taking NSAID while fewer than 9% of the patients without erosions were taking this type of medication indicating a relationship between NSAID and the more severe form of lichen planus (p less than 0.01). Withdrawal from NSAID resulted in resolution or marked clinical improvement in the 12 patients tested. These results indicate that oral lichen planus may be aggravated or precipitated by NSAID and that withdrawal from the drug may benefit some patients. PMID- 3478639 TI - Multiple gingival metastases from angiosarcoma of the breast. AB - Metastases to the jaws and oral soft tissue occur rarely. Such metastases may result in the presenting symptoms and signs of malignant disease or may develop during the course of a previously diagnosed malignant condition. A case of multiple gingival metastases in a patient with angiosarcoma of the breast is reported. PMID- 3478638 TI - The effect of physical therapy intervention on incisal opening after temporomandibular joint surgery. AB - A retrospective study of 58 postoperative patients who underwent temporomandibular joint surgery was done to determine the effect of a physical therapy treatment program of ultrasound, superficial heat, and exercise on incisal opening 6 to 12 months after surgery. Twenty-nine of the subjects had surgery and physical therapy intervention, while 29 had surgery only. Patients referred for physical therapy had more complaints of pain and significantly less incisal opening after surgery than those not referred for physical therapy. Both groups, however, had achieved a comparable amount of incisal opening 6 to 12 months after surgery. Chi square analysis indicated that patients with an incisal opening of less than 30 mm postoperatively were more likely to have an incisal opening of 40 mm 6 to 12 months after surgery if they received physical therapy treatments. Patients having more than 30 mm of incisal opening a month after surgery showed a greater tendency to achieve more than 40 mm of opening if physical therapy was included in the postoperative management. PMID- 3478640 TI - HLA-DR antigens in normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic salivary glands. AB - A monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR antigens that is reactive in formalin-fixed tissues was used with the immunoperoxidase method to evaluate 212 salivary gland lesions (normal, nonspecific, and autoimmune inflammatory, benign, and malignant tumors). Results of immunostaining showed that (1) intercalated ducts, myoepithelial cells, and acinous cells of normal salivary glands express HLA-DR antigens, (2) autoimmune salivary gland disease results in greater HLA-DR expression than that seen in nonspecific inflammatory lesions or normal glands, (3) stromal cells associated with benign and malignant salivary gland tumors express HLA-DR antigens, and (4) numerous benign and malignant salivary gland tumors express HLA-DR antigens. It was of interest that lymphocyte-rich Warthin's tumors displayed epithelial immunoreactivity, whereas oncocytomas devoid of a lymphocytic component were invariably negative. This suggests a lymphocyte mediated role in salivary epithelial HLA-DR expression. It appears that HLA-DR expression is both a normal and an inducible phenomenon in salivary glands, salivary gland neoplasia, and the desmoplastic host response. There is no discriminatory role in the immunologic detection of HLA-DR for differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. PMID- 3478641 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues. AB - Between 1944 and 1984 16 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues were treated at the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. Before 1968 treatment consisted only of surgery. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used when surgery was impossible or in an effort to treat recurrent disease. After 1968 treatment design was multidisciplinary and included (excision) biopsy, followed by a combination of high-dose radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy. Of the six patients treated before 1968, five (83%) died of disease. In eight of the ten patients treated after 1968, follow-up was 4 years or more. Of these eight patients, seven (87.5%) are free of disease. The clinicopathologic aspects, treatment, complications of treatment, and survival figures are discussed. PMID- 3478642 TI - Peripheral squamous odontogenic tumor. PMID- 3478643 TI - Pulp response to and cariogenicity of Lactobacillus casei in monoinfected gnotobiotic rats. AB - The maxillary molar pulps of germ-free rats were mechanically exposed and suspensions of a strain of freshly grown Lactobacillus casei were applied to the pulp wounds. The pulps were left open to the oral environment, and the animals were maintained within the isolator until death. In the majority of teeth, pulp necrosis was evident and apical inflammation was present in 40% of the specimens. The remaining monoinfected animals were bred and the litters were placed on a 46% sucrose diet to determine the cariogenicity of the test strain of L. casei in the mandibular molars. The organism proved to be noncariogenic. The effects of mechanical exposure of the maxillary molars in these animals were similar to those observed in the direct-inoculation study, with the exception of a reduced incidence of apical inflammation. PMID- 3478644 TI - The endodontic enigma. PMID- 3478645 TI - Caries in pulpless teeth: a single case experiment. PMID- 3478646 TI - A radiologic and anatomic study of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Fifteen temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in unfixed cadavers were examined clinically and then arthrograms were made. Eleven of the TMJ disks were mechanically displaced anteriorly before the arthrograms were made. The joints were removed, fixed, frozen, and sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of the condyle in 2 mm slices. The arthrograms of the joint were compared with arthrograms of each individual section and the original tissue slices to determine whether there was a definite correlation with true anatomic relationships. Because of the complexity of the internal morphology of the hard and soft tissues in the TMJ, no accurate or consistent conclusions about the actual physical relationships could be made by means of arthrogram. PMID- 3478648 TI - [Serum and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3478647 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors from birth to 7 years of age: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Serum lipids and lipoproteins. AB - Serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions were examined in a newborn cohort that was followed from birth to 7 years of age. Although white and female infants had higher cord blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C) than did black and male infants, respectively, these differences did not persist throughout early childhood. Mean levels of all serum lipids and lipoproteins increased greatly in the first 6 months of life, and by 2 years of age, levels approached those seen in adolescents. Infants consuming cow's milk had higher 6-month levels of serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than did formula-fed infants. However, milk source in infancy did not significantly influence total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at age 7 years. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels at age 7 years were associated with previously measured levels as early as 6 months of age, and infants with unfavorable levels were likely to have similar adverse levels at 7 years of age. In addition, increases in obesity between 6 months and 7 years of age were positively associated with increases in levels of serum triglycerides. These results suggest that certain persons at increased risk for cardiovascular disease can be identified in infancy. PMID- 3478649 TI - [Metabolic adaptation during the intervals between food intake in children with glycogenosis types III and IV]. PMID- 3478650 TI - [Methotrexate poisoning: value of exchange transfusion]. AB - The authors report on a case of methotrexate (MTX) intoxication occurring in a young boy treated for osteosarcoma. Exchange transfusion was shown to be an effective method. Respective indications of MTX removal methods are discussed: haemodialysis and charcoal haemoperfusion should be proposed for massive and acute intoxications; exchange-transfusion may be proposed as a treatment for prolonged and moderate intoxications. PMID- 3478651 TI - [Halitosis]. PMID- 3478652 TI - [Bruxism]. PMID- 3478655 TI - [Phosphorus necrosis 100 years ago. A problem facing physicians and dentists]. PMID- 3478653 TI - [A questionnaire survey of continuing education among dentists in Norway. I: Participation and viewpoints on continuing education]. PMID- 3478654 TI - [Establishment of a preventive program for a group of soldiers in military service for the 1st time]. PMID- 3478656 TI - [Treatment of cleft lip/palate in Bergen--teamwork]. PMID- 3478657 TI - [A questionnaire survey of continuing education among dentists in Norway. II: Barriers, desires and needs]. PMID- 3478658 TI - [How frequent is the need for examination by a dentists?]. PMID- 3478660 TI - Fluorides and fluorosis in Kenya. Part III: Fluorides, fluorosis and dental caries. PMID- 3478659 TI - [Effect of complications of myocardial infarction on plasma levels of prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha]. PMID- 3478662 TI - Prospects for fluoridation in Africa. PMID- 3478661 TI - Dental caries and socio-economic factors amongst Nairobi school children. PMID- 3478663 TI - The prevalence of dental caries in Ghanaian school children. PMID- 3478665 TI - Caries prevalence in the wisdom teeth of selected Nigerians. PMID- 3478664 TI - The prevalence of dental caries among urban, semi-urban and rural school children in the Sudan. PMID- 3478666 TI - [Dental caries in Zaire school children. Preliminary survey at the Mont-Amba Primary School/Kinshasa village]. PMID- 3478667 TI - Caries prevalence in Suriname school children. PMID- 3478668 TI - How do eating disorders affect thyroid function? AB - Abnormal thyroid function in patients with eating disorders can result from malnutrition. A low serum triiodothyronine (T3) level is commonly noted in starvation states and is caused by reduced peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3. Diminished T4 concentrations are also observed. Adequate nutrition normalizes this type of aberrant laboratory profile. Thyroid function tests that give results below the normal range are best repeated initially for verification of results and again after adequate nutrition is reestablished. If no primary endocrinopathy is present, spontaneous correction of these laboratory values can be expected with conventional dietary habits. PMID- 3478669 TI - [Compulsive syndromes in childhood and adolescence. Clinical studies of symptoms, conditions for development and course]. PMID- 3478670 TI - [Inflammatory infiltrates in the hypophysis. Studies of a large autopsy sample]. PMID- 3478673 TI - The role of the dental hygienists in achieving health for all. PMID- 3478671 TI - Achieving health for all: a framework of health promotion. PMID- 3478672 TI - The impact of ten years of B.Sc.D. (D.H.) graduates on Canadian dental hygiene. PMID- 3478674 TI - Mechanical plaque control: are concepts changing? PMID- 3478675 TI - Primary and secondary structure of bovine retinal S antigen (48-kDa protein). AB - The complete amino acid sequence of bovine S antigen (48-kDa protein) has been determined by cDNA and partial amino acid sequencing. A 1623-base-pair (bp) cDNA contains an open reading frame coding for a protein of 404 amino acids (45,275 Da). Tryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide peptides of native bovine S antigen were purified and partially sequenced. All of these peptides were accounted for in the long open reading frame. Searching of the National Biomedical Research Foundation data bank revealed no extensive sequence homology between S antigen and other proteins. However, there are local regions of sequence similarity with alpha transducin, including the sites subject to ADP-ribosylation by Bordetella pertussis and cholera toxins and the phosphoryl binding-sites. Secondary structure prediction and circular dichroic spectroscopy show that S antigen is composed predominantly of beta-sheet conformation. Acid-catalyzed methanolysis suggests the presence of low levels of carbohydrate in the molecule. PMID- 3478676 TI - Cloning and expression of T4 DNA polymerase. AB - The structural gene coding for bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase (gene 43) has been cloned into inducible plasmid vectors, which provide a source for obtaining large amounts of this enzyme after induction. The T4 DNA polymerase produced in this fashion was purified by an innovative three-step procedure and was fully active. PMID- 3478677 TI - Conformational studies of alpha-globin in 1-propanol: propensity of the alcohol to limit the sites of proteolytic cleavage. AB - Selective condensation of the unprotected fragments of alpha-globin--namely, alpha 1-30 and alpha 31-141--is catalyzed by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease in the presence of 25% 1-propanol. The propensity of 1-propanol to induce the alpha helical conformation and to generate a "native-like" topology for the polypeptide chain has been now investigated in an attempt to understand the molecular basis of this enzyme-catalyzed stereospecific condensation. Removal of heme from the alpha-chain decreases the overall alpha-helical conformation of the protein considerably. A significant amount of the alpha-helical conformation is restored in the presence of 25% 1-propanol and the digestion of alpha-globin by V8 protease becomes more selective concomitant with the increase in helicity. V8 protease digestion of alpha-globin at pH 6.0 and 4 degrees C occurs at Glu-30, Asp-47, Glu-27, and Glu-23 in the absence of 1-propanol. In the presence of 25% 1 propanol, the digestion is selective to the peptide bond of Glu-30. This selectivity appears to be a characteristic feature of the native conformation of alpha-chain (polypeptide chain with bound heme). 1-Propanol induces the alpha helical conformation into RNase S peptide also. However, this increased helical conformation did not protect the RNase S peptide from V8 protease digestion at the Glu-9-Arg-10 peptide bond. RNase S peptide is an alpha-helical conformation in RNase S, an interacting fragment-complementing system of S protein and S peptide. S peptide is resistant to V8 protease hydrolysis in this conformation. Thus, the resistance of a peptide bond in a segment of a protein to protease digestion appears to be a consequence of the secondary structure as well as the tertiary interactions of this segment with the rest of the molecule. The results suggest that the 1-propanol induces alpha-helical conformation into segments of alpha-globin as well as packing of these helices in a native-like topology. PMID- 3478678 TI - The 87-kDa protein, a major specific substrate for protein kinase C: purification from bovine brain and characterization. AB - The 87-kDa protein, a major specific substrate for protein kinase C, has been purified 500-fold to apparent homogeneity from bovine forebrain supernatant. The purification procedure included batch adsorption to DE-52 (DEAE-cellulose), (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Bio-Gel HTP (hydroxylapatite), Sephacryl S-400, and fast protein liquid chromatography ProRPC. The amino acid composition was notable for its high proportion of alanine (28.6 mol%) and its enrichment in glutamate/glutamine (18.1 mol%), glycine (12.6 mol%), and proline (11.3 mol%). The partial specific volume was 0.702 ml/g; the Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient were 85 A and 2.11 S, respectively. Although the relative molecular mass of the protein on NaDodSO4/8% PAGE was 87-90 kDa, the molecular mass as determined from the above values was 68 kDa. The frictional ratio was 3.2, and the axial ratio was 60, indicating that the 87-kDa protein is an extremely elongated monomer. The purified 87-kDa protein was phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C to a stoichiometry of 2.2 mol of 32P per mol of 87-kDa protein (calculated using a value of 68 kDa for the molecular mass). Phosphorylation was exclusively on serine residues. PMID- 3478680 TI - Two 3' sequences direct adult erythroid-specific expression of human beta-globin genes in transgenic mice. AB - Previous experiments have demonstrated that the human beta-globin gene is correctly regulated in transgenic mice. The beta-globin gene is not expressed in yolk sac-derived erythroid cells in early embryonic development but is expressed concomitantly with the adult mouse beta-globin genes in 14- to 16-day fetal liver and adult reticulocytes. In an attempt to localize sequences that direct erythroid-specific expression, fragments of the human beta-globin gene were inserted in the opposite orientation 200 base pairs (bp) upstream of an intact human A gamma marker gene, which is not expressed on its own in mouse fetal liver. In the experiments reported here, two beta-globin 3' sequences activated the marker gene specifically in fetal liver. One sequence is located in a 250-bp Pst I fragment 550-800 bp downstream from the poly(A) site; the other is located near an EcoRI site in the third exon. These two sequences are active individually, and their combined effect is greater than their effects alone. beta Globin 5' sequences from -815 to -50 were also analyzed for activity in this assay. The 5' sequences did not activate the marker gene when tested alone but did stimulate expression that was already directed to adult erythroid tissue by the two 3' sequences. These results suggest that three separate sequences are involved in human beta-globin gene regulation. The two 3' sequences act as adult erythroid enhancers and the 5' sequence stimulates expression that is already determined to be erythroid specific. PMID- 3478679 TI - Cloning and characterization of a cDNA coding for mouse placental alkaline phosphatase. AB - Mouse alkaline phosphatase [ALP; orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] was partially purified from placenta. Data obtained by immunoblotting analysis suggested that the primary structure of this enzyme has a much greater homology to that of human and bovine liver ALPs than to the human placental isozyme. Therefore, a full-length cDNA encoding human liver type ALP was used as a probe to isolate the mouse placental ALP cDNA. The cloned mouse cDNA is 2459 base pairs long and is composed of an open reading frame encoding a 524-amino acid polypeptide that contains a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids. Homology at the amino acid level of the mouse placental ALP is 90% to the human liver isozyme but only 55% to the human placental counterpart. RNA blot hybridization results indicate that the mouse placental ALP is encoded by a gene identical to the gene expressed in mouse liver, kidney, and teratocarcinoma stem cells. This gene is therefore evolutionarily highly conserved in mouse and human. PMID- 3478682 TI - Three-state combinatorial switching in hemoglobin tetramers: comparison between functional energetics and molecular structures. AB - In a previous study on cyanomethemoglobin the 10 tetrameric species (each with a unique combination of ligated and unligated subunits) were found to exhibit three distinct free energies of cooperative interaction. The distribution of these free energies among the partially ligated species is incompatible with a two-state mechanism of molecular switching and requires a minimum of three molecular structures with distinctly different free energies of heme-heme interaction. Ligand-linked transitions between the three cooperativity states were found to be "combinatorial"--i.e., dependent upon changes in both the number and specific configuration of bound ligands. Here we present results from two other chemical systems that mimic intermediate oxygenation states. In these systems the heme iron is replaced by manganese in certain of the subunits. We find the same distribution of cooperative free energies as reported for the cyanomethemoglobin system. These results demonstrate that the three-state combinatorial nature of cooperative switching is neither a special feature of the cyanomet reactions nor of the substitution of manganese for iron, but reflects a fundamental property of hemoglobin. These findings are compared with crystallographic structural results on partially ligated hemoglobins. PMID- 3478681 TI - Binary liquid phase separation and critical phenomena in a protein/water solution. AB - We have investigated the phase diagram of aqueous solutions of the bovine lens protein gamma II-crystallin. For temperatures T less than Tc = 278.5 K, we find that these solutions exhibit a reversible coexistence between two isotropic liquid phases differing in protein concentration. The dilute and concentrated branches of the coexistence curve were characterized, consistently, both by measurements of the two coexisting concentrations, c(T), and by measuring the cloud temperatures for various initial concentrations. We estimate that the critical concentration, cc, is 244 mg of protein per ml solution. The coexistence curve is well represented by the absolute value of (c - cc)/cc = 5.2 square root (Tc - T)/Tc. Using the temperature dependence of the scattered light intensity along isochores parallel to the critical isochore, we estimated the location of the spinodal line and found it to have the form (c - cc)/cc = 3.0 square root (Tc - T)/Tc. The ratio of the widths of the coexistence curve and the spinodal line, (5.2/3.0), is close to the mean-field value square root 3. We have also observed the growth of large crystals of gamma II-crystallin in some of these aqueous solutions and have made preliminary observations as to the factors that promote or delay the onset of crystallization. These findings suggest that selected protein/water systems can serve as excellent model systems for the study of phase transitions and critical phenomena. PMID- 3478684 TI - Isolation of osteogenin, an extracellular matrix-associated, bone-inductive protein, by heparin affinity chromatography. AB - Implantation of demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix in subcutaneous sites induces a sequence of events resulting in the local differentiation of endochondral bone. Demineralized bovine bone matrix was dissociatively extracted in 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride and the bone-inductive proteins were purified greater than 12,000-fold. The purification steps include affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration, and C18 reverse-phase HPLC. Since the purified protein in conjunction with insoluble collagenous bone matrix induced new bone differentiation in vivo we have designated this component osteogenin. The osteogenic potential is specific for osteogenin and is not exhibited by previously isolated growth factors. PMID- 3478683 TI - Developmental, organ-specific, and light-dependent expression of the tomato ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene family. AB - The tomato gene family for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing); EC 4.1.1.39] has five genes, designated Rbcs-1, -2, -3A, -3B, and -3C. We have measured the steady-state mRNA levels for each of the five genes in various tomato organs using gene-specific oligonucleotides. All five genes are highly expressed in leaves, and transcripts of two genes, Rbcs-3B and Rbcs-3C, account for approximately equal to 60% of the total leaf transcripts. The relative transcript levels in the stem, in nature fruits, and etiolated seedlings (plants germinated and grown in the dark) correspond to 3.2%, 6.5%, and 4.6%, respectively, of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit mRNA level in leaves, and no transcripts have been detected in roots and ripe tomato fruits. Only Rbcs-1 and Rbcs-2 are expressed during the photosynthetically active phase of fruit development. Transcripts from these genes and from the Rbcs-3A locus are also present in etiolated seedlings. Rbcs-3B and Rbcs-3C transcripts, which are the most abundant mRNAs of the ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene family in the leaf, are undetectable in dark-grown seedlings and immature fruit. The selective expression of Rbcs-1 and Rbcs-2 in the dark and in the pericarp of green fruit and the induction and rapid mRNA accumulation for Rbcs-3B and Rbcs-3C after illumination may reflect different regulatory mechanism(s) that control the expression of individual members in the tomato ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene family. PMID- 3478685 TI - High-resolution kinetics of transferrin acidification in BALB/c 3T3 cells: exposure to pH 6 followed by temperature-sensitive alkalinization during recycling. AB - The kinetics of acidification of diferric human transferrin in BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells were determined by flow cytometry using a modification of the fluorescein rhodamine fluorescence ratio technique. For cells labeled at 0 degrees C and warmed to 37 degrees C, the minimum pH observed was 6.1 +/- 0.2, occurring 5 min after warmup. This step was followed by a slower alkalinization to the pH of the external medium, occurring with a half-time of 5 min. Warmup to 24 degrees C or 17 degrees C resulted in slowing of the time of onset of acidification such that the minimum pH was 6.3 +/- 0.2, attained 15 and 25 min after warmup, respectively; the alkalinization step was completely blocked. The limited acidification observed for transferrin corresponds to the initial phase of acidification normally observed for other (nonrecycled) ligands. Since transferrin is not further acidified, the results confirm the existence of two phases of acidification during endocytosis. Measurements of transferrin dissociation at neutral pH after exposure to mildly acidic pH support the conclusion that the transferrin cycle may be completed without exposure of transferrin to a pH below 6. The mildly acidic pH of the endocytic compartments involved in recycling may play a role in regulating enzymatic processing of endocytosed material. PMID- 3478686 TI - Products of Leishmania braziliensis glucose catabolism: release of D-lactate and, under anaerobic conditions, glycerol. AB - Leishmania braziliensis panamensis promastigotes were incubated with glucose as the sole carbon source. About one-fifth of the glucose consumed under aerobic conditions was oxidized to CO2. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies with [1 13C]glucose showed that the other products released were succinate, acetate, alanine, pyruvate, and lactate. Under anaerobic conditions, lactate output increased, glycerol became a major product, and, surprisingly, glucose consumption decreased. Enzymatic assays showed that the lactate formed was D(-) lactate. The release of alanine during incubation with glucose as the sole carbon source suggested that appreciable proteolysis occurred, consistent with our observation that a large amount of ammonia was released under these conditions. The discoveries that D-lactate is a product of L. braziliensis glucose catabolism, that glycerol is produced under anaerobic conditions, and that the cells exhibit a "reverse" Pasteur effect open the way for detailed studies of the pathways of glucose metabolism and their regulation in this organism. PMID- 3478687 TI - Multiple tissue-specific sites of transcriptional initiation of the mouse anion antiport gene in erythroid and renal cells. AB - Primer extension and nuclease protection analysis were used to map the 5' end of mRNA transcripts of the single gene encoding the mouse erythroid anion-exchange protein, band 3. RNA from induced Friend murine erythroleukemia cells contains transcripts whose 5' ends are heterogeneous but that map to five clustered sites between 146 and 189 nucleotides upstream of the initiator AUG codon. The steady state level of band 3 mRNA increases markedly following dimethyl sulfoxide induced differentiation, but the pattern of transcription initiation does not vary. mRNA from anemic and normal mouse spleen exhibits the same pattern, with the addition of another transcript whose 5' end maps to position -260. In contrast, mRNA from mouse kidney has a single predominant transcript, mapping to 260. These data establish that the band 3 gene is expressed in kidney as well as in erythroid cells and suggest the presence of tissue-specific alternate promoter elements within the first exon of the band 3 gene. The nucleotide sequence of 1.7 kilobases of genomic DNA 5' to the first intron of the single-copy mouse band 3 gene, although moderately (G + C)-rich, has no "TATA" or "CAAT" boxes or other homologies with globin or other eukaryotic polymerase II promoter regions. PMID- 3478689 TI - Toward a theory for the evolution of cultural communication: coevolution of signal transmission and reception. AB - A haploid sexual two-locus model of gene-culture coevolution is examined, in which a dichotomous phenotype subject to natural selection is transmitted vertically with probabilities dependent on the chosen parent's genotype and phenotype and the offspring's genotype. Stability conditions for the genetically monomorphic corner equilibria are obtained. In a specialization of this general model, one locus controls the transmission and the other controls the reception of adaptive information. The corner and edge equilibria of this doubly coevolutionary model are fully analyzed, and conditions for transmission and reception to coevolve are derived in terms of the efficiency of vertical transmission, the selective advantage gained from possessing the information, the costs of transmission and reception, and the recombination fraction between the two loci. Possible applications of the model are to the evolution of semantic alarm calls in vervet monkeys and the phonetic aspects of human language. In a third model with diploid genetics, we consider the initial increase of cultural transmission from a mutation-selection balance in which the adaptive phenotype is the consequence of a dominant gene at one locus. A second gene controls the transmission of the phenotype in such a way that a new mutant at this second locus permits learning of the adaptive phenotype from a parent who has it. This new mutant cannot increase when rare. PMID- 3478690 TI - Identification of a third region of cell-specific alternative splicing in human fibronectin mRNA. AB - We describe here a third region of variability in human fibronectin (FN) due to alternative RNA splicing. Two other positions of alternative splicing have been reported previously (ED and IIICS). The third region involves a 273-nucleotide exon encoding exactly one 91-amino acid repeat of type III homology, located between the DNA- and the cell-binding domains of FN, which is either included in or excluded from FN mRNA. The two mRNA variants arising by an exon-skipping mechanism are present in cells known to synthesize the cellular form of FN. However, liver cells, which are the source of plasma FN, produce only messengers without the extra type III sequence. Therefore, the region described here resembles, both structurally and functionally, the previously described ED (for extra domain) region, located toward the C terminus of the molecule, between the cell- and heparin- (hep 2) binding domains. We conclude that both the extra type III repeat (named EDII) and ED represent sequences restricted to cellular FN. Combination of all the possible patterns of splicing in the three regions described to date may generate up to 20 distinct FN polypeptides from a single gene. PMID- 3478688 TI - Identification of methotrexate transport deficiency in mammalian cells using fluoresceinated methotrexate and flow cytometry. AB - We have studied the frequency of transport mutations in methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells using a rapid-flow cytometric technique. After saturating cells with fluoresceinated methotrexate, we examined the ability of hydrophilic and lipophilic antifolates to displace fluoresceinated methotrexate binding to dihydrofolate reductase. Cells with methotrexate transport deficiency are unable to take up methotrexate and thus retain the fluorescence, whereas the lipophilic antifolates displace fluoresceinated methotrexate equally well in sensitive and resistant cell lines. These resistant clones fail to take up methotrexate and occur with high frequencies upon single-step selections at methotrexate concentrations approximately equal to 7-fold the 50% killing concentration. The majority of such first-step resistant clones appear to derive their resistance solely from transport deficiency; they exhibit no overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase and no increase in either steady-state mRNA levels or gene copy number. Possible applications of the use of fluoresceinated methotrexate to the characterization of various mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in mixed cell populations are discussed. PMID- 3478691 TI - Tandem duplications in animal mitochondrial DNAs: variation in incidence and gene content among lizards. AB - Size, location, gene content, and incidence were determined for 10 lizard mitochondrial DNA duplications. These range from 0.8 to 8.0 kilobases (kb) and account for essentially all of the observed size variation (17-25 kb). Cleavage site mapping and transfer-hybridization experiments indicate that each duplication is tandem and direct, includes at least one protein or rRNA gene, and is adjacent to or includes the D loop-containing control region. Duplication boundaries are nonrandomly distributed, and most appear to align with tRNA genes, suggesting that these may play a role in the duplication process. Duplications are infrequent and usually restricted to particular individuals or populations. They appear to be ephemeral; in no case is the same duplication shared by mitochondrial DNAs from closely related species. Mitochondrial DNA duplications occur significantly more often in triploid than diploid lizards and at similar frequencies in hybrids and nonhybrids. PMID- 3478692 TI - High rate of recombination and double crossovers in the mouse pseudoautosomal region during male meiosis. AB - The recombination rate in meiosis between the mouse X and Y chromosomes was analyzed. Mice heterozygous at two pseudoautosomal alleles, the steroid sulfatase gene and the Mov-15 provirus marker, were crossed. The provirus in the Mov-15 transgenic mouse strain had been previously shown to be carried in the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes. Recombination frequencies were shown to be 7-fold higher in this region in male meiosis than in female meiosis. Three-point crosses indicated the occurrence in male meiosis of double recombination events in the pseudoautosomal region, with little or no crossover interference, which is in marked contrast to observations made on the similar region of the human sex chromosomes. This result is contrary to a previous model, which predicted a single crossover event in male meiotic pairing of mammalian sex chromosomes. PMID- 3478693 TI - Characterization of proopiomelanocortin transcripts in human nonpituitary tissues. AB - Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor to adrenocorticotropic hormone and other related peptides, was originally identified in the corticotropic cell. Recent evidence shows that POMC products are also normally present in a variety of nonpituitary tissues. To investigate this phenomenon in humans we looked for the presence and characteristics of POMC transcripts in various adult tissues. Blot hybridization analysis of normal adrenal, thymus, and testis RNAs revealed a small RNA species approximately 400 nucleotides shorter than the 1200-nucleotide pituitary species. Primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping studies showed that this small RNA lacked exon 1 and exon 2 of the gene, and it corresponded to a set of at least six molecules starting 41 to 162 nucleotides downstream from the 5' end of exon 3. These RNAs appear to result from heterogeneous transcription initiation sites presumably under the control of "GC box" promoter sequences located in the 3' end of intron 2. They cannot encode a complete POMC molecule, and the only truncated POMC molecules that could be translated would lack a signal peptide necessary for membrane translocation and precursor processing. The use of highly sensitive S1 nuclease mapping techniques with uniformly labeled single-stranded DNA probes allowed the detection of a small but definite amount of the "normal," 1200-nucleotide, mRNA species. It is suggested that it is this POMC mRNA that is responsible for the local production of all the POMC peptides. PMID- 3478694 TI - HbXL99 alpha: a hemoglobin derivative that is cross-linked between the alpha subunits is useful as a blood substitute. AB - Under deoxygenated conditions, bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate reacts with hemoglobin selectively to cross-link the alpha subunits between Lys-alpha 1 99 and Lys-alpha 2 99. We have characterized further the properties of this recently described hemoglobin and have demonstrated its utility as a blood substitute. The oxygen transport characteristics of the cross-linked derivative are very similar to those of whole blood. Under physiological conditions, the partial pressure of oxygen at half-saturation of hemoglobin is increased to 29 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 133.3 kPa), compared to 12 mm Hg for hemoglobin A, fully compensating for the absence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate outside of the erythrocyte. The Hill coefficient is 2.9. The dependence of the oxygen affinity of HbXL99 alpha on CO2 is also identical to that of hemoglobin A. The cross-link between the alpha subunits blocks dissociation of oxyhemoglobin into alpha beta dimers and thereby prevents renal excretion of the modified hemoglobin. In the rat, the half-life of HbXL99 alpha in plasma, at a 15% volume exchange, is increased to 3.3 hr, compared to 90 min for hemoglobin A. Cross-linking HbXL99 alpha intermolecularly with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate to form predominantly a mixture of dimers and trimers further increased the half-life of the hemoglobin within the circulation by about 2-fold. The rate of autooxidation of the transfused hemoglobin was found to be markedly reduced because of the presence of an endogenous reducing system in plasma. PMID- 3478695 TI - Excitatory dyad synapse in rabbit retina. AB - In the inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina, the synaptic endings of bipolar cells contact a pair of postsynaptic processes at an unusual type of specialized junction, the dyad synapse. One of the members of the postsynaptic dyad may return conventional feedback synapses onto the bipolar endings. Freeze fracturing demonstrates that, opposite the presynaptic active zone, both postsynaptic membranes contain an aggregate of intramembrane particles that remain associated with the outer leaflet (E face) of the fractured plasmalemma; this is a feature typical of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Intracellular recordings followed by injection of horseradish peroxidase showed that at the dyad synapse the endings of rod bipolar cells are usually presynaptic to the dendrites of two amacrine cells, one narrow-field and bistratified (AII) and the other wide-field (A17). Only the A17 rod amacrine cell returns feedback synapses onto the bipolar endings. Both amacrine cells respond to illumination with transient-sustained depolarizations, dominated by rods; thus, the polarity of their light responses is the same as that of rod bipolar cells. We conclude that the dyad synapses established by rod bipolar cells with the two types of amacrine cells are excitatory. PMID- 3478696 TI - Calbindin-D in peripheral nerve cells is vitamin D and calcium dependent. AB - The vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein calbindin-D (CaBP) was localized immunohistochemically in some but not all of the cell bodies and axons within the intestinalis nerve of the chicken. Unlike other nerve tissue thus far examined, the CaBP content of the intestinalis nerve was decreased in vitamin D deficiency and increased in chicken adapted to a calcium-deficient diet. These changes are qualitatively similar to the pattern of response of enterocytes. The inclusion of calcium-containing solutions within the duodenal lumen caused, directly or indirectly, a decrease in the amount of CaBP in this nerve in a dose-dependent manner. The exact role of CaBP in intestinalis nerve cells is unknown but may be in the regulation of intracellular ionic Ca2+ concentrations during excitation, although other functions of CaBP cannot be excluded. PMID- 3478697 TI - Deficits in human visual spatial attention following thalamic lesions. AB - There has been speculation concerning the role that thalamic nuclei play in directing attention to locations in visual space [Crick, F. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 4586-4590]. We measured covert shifts of visual attention in three patients with unilateral thalamic hemorrhages shortly after the lesion and after a 6-month recovery period. The experiment measured reaction time to targets that occurred at locations to which attention had been cued (valid trials) or at a currently unattended location (invalid trials). Although the patients showed no deficits in visual fields with perimetry and no neglect in the 6-month follow-up, we found slow reaction times for targets on the side contralateral to the lesion whether or not attention had been cued to that location. Deficits have also been found in this task with cortical and midbrain lesions, but the patterns of performance are quite different. The results with thalamic patients suggest they have a specific deficit in the ability to use attention to improve the efficiency of processing visual targets contralateral to the lesion (engage operation). This finding is in accord with hypotheses of a thalamic link between cortical visual attention and pattern recognition systems proposed by Crick. PMID- 3478698 TI - Discriminating figure from ground: the role of edge detection and region growing. AB - Three general classes of algorithms have been proposed for figure/ground segregation. One class attempts to delineate figures by searching for edges, whereas another class attempts to grow homogeneous regions; the third class consists of hybrid algorithms, which combine both procedures in various ways. The experiment reported here demonstrated that humans use a hybrid algorithm that makes use of both kinds of processes simultaneously and interactively. This conclusion follows from the patterns of response times observed when humans tried to recognize degraded polygons. By blurring the edges, the edge-detection process was selectively impaired, and by imposing noise over the figure and background, the region-growing process was selectively impaired. By varying the amounts of both sorts of degradation independently, the interaction between the two processes was observed. PMID- 3478699 TI - tRNA-like structures tag the 3' ends of genomic RNA molecules for replication: implications for the origin of protein synthesis. AB - Single-stranded RNA viruses often have 3'-terminal tRNA-like structures that serve as substrates for the enzymes of tRNA metabolism, including the tRNA synthases and the CCA-adding enzyme. We propose that such 3'-terminal tRNA-like structures are in fact molecular fossils of the original RNA world, where they tagged genomic RNA molecules for replication and also functioned as primitive telomeres to ensure that 3'-terminal nucleotides were not lost during replication. This picture suggests that the CCA-adding activity was originally an RNA enzyme, that modern DNA telomeres with the repetitive structure CmAn are the direct descendants of the CCA terminus of tRNA, and that the precursor of the modern enzyme RNase P evolved to convert genomic into functional RNA molecules by removing this 3'-terminal tRNA-like tag. Because early RNA replicases would have been catalytic RNA molecules that used the 3'-terminal tRNA-like tag as a template for the initiation of RNA synthesis, these tRNA-like structures could have been specifically aminoacylated with an amino acid by an aberrant activity of the replicase. We show that it is mechanistically reasonable to suppose that this aminoacylation occurred by the same sequence of reactions found in protein synthesis today. The advent of such tRNA synthases would thus have provided a pathway for the evolution of modern protein synthesis. PMID- 3478700 TI - Structural changes and metal binding by proalbumins and other amino-terminal genetic variants of human serum albumin. AB - Proalbumins are rare genetic variants of human serum albumin containing a basic propeptide that is not removed during post-transcriptional processing because of a mutation in the site of excision, an Arg-Arg sequence. We have identified the amino acid substitutions in three different types of proalbumins designated Gainesville, Taipei, and Takefu. The first two proalbumins are identical to previously described proalbumins of the Christchurch and Lille types, respectively, and exhibit the characteristic properties of susceptibility to tryptic cleavage and of lower metal-binding affinity. Takefu is a third type of proalbumin and resists tryptic cleavage because of the substitution Arg-1----Pro. Each of the first two types of proalbumins has been identified in geographically separate, ethnically diverse populations and therefore must have arisen by independent mutations. There is some tendency for mutations in albumin to cluster in the propeptide sequence. Although the substitution His3----Gln in the genetic variant albumin Nagasaki-3 decreases metal-binding affinity, mutations further down the polypeptide chain have no such effect, nor is there any reduction of copper-binding affinity in albumin from patients with Wilson disease. PMID- 3478701 TI - Conformation of protein secreted across bacterial outer membranes: a study of enterotoxin translocation from Vibrio cholerae. AB - The secretion of enterotoxin by Vibrio cholerae is punctuated by the transient entry of the toxin subunits into the periplasm. In this paper, we show that the subunits oligomerize into an assembled holotoxin within the periplasm prior to their secretion across the outer membrane. The rate of toxin assembly was studied by pulse-labeling cells with [35S]-methionine and then monitoring the turnover of radiolabeled subunits as they assembled within the periplasm. The subunits entered the periplasm as monomers and assembled into oligomers with a half-time of approximately 1 min. Since assembly was a rapid event compared to the rate of toxin efflux from the periplasm, which had a half-time of approximately 13 min, we conclude that all of the subunits that pass through the periplasm assemble before they traverse the outer membrane. The average concentration of subunit monomers and assembled holotoxin within the periplasm was calculated to be approximately 20 and approximately 260 micrograms/ml, respectively. This indicates that the periplasm is a suitably concentrated milieu where spontaneous toxin assembly can occur. Our findings suggest that protein movement across bacterial outer membranes, in apparent contrast to export across other biological membranes, involves translocation of polypeptides that have already folded into tertiary and even quaternary conformations. PMID- 3478702 TI - Conservation of ferritin heavy subunit gene structure: implications for the regulation of ferritin gene expression. AB - Ferritin stores iron within a protein shell consisting of 24 subunits of two types, heavy (H) and light (L). According to Southern blotting, the rat genome contains four copies homologous to the H-subunit cDNA (H cDNA). To determine whether only one of these is expressed, H cDNAs isolated from rat liver and heart mRNAs were compared and found to share identical nucleotide sequences. Next, genomic clones for three of the four rat H-subunit loci were isolated. Two were classical processed pseudogenes, whereas the third contained an expressed gene. RNase intron mapping of this expressed gene generated the same exon protection pattern when total RNA from rat liver or heart was used, indicating that this gene accounts for most or all of the H-subunit mRNAs (H mRNAs) in these tissues. Comparison of the expressed rat H-subunit gene (H gene) structure with published sequences for other species displays considerable conservation. The coding sequence of the rat H gene predicts 95% similarity to the human amino acid sequence, thus being more highly conserved than the L-subunit sequence of these species. Near the cap region of the 5' untranslated region, the rat H mRNA displays a 28-nucleotide sequence that is almost totally conserved in the corresponding region of the human, bullfrog, and chicken H mRNA and is also faithfully represented in the rat and human L-subunit mRNAs (L mRNAs), thus making this sequence a prime candidate for involvement in the known translational regulation of both subunits by iron. In the 5' flanking region, partially conserved sequences common to H gene and L-subunit gene (L gene) of the rat may be involved in transcriptional regulation by iron, whereas those conserved only in the H gene of man and the rat imply that other factors may independently control H-subunit regulation. PMID- 3478703 TI - Bioactivation mechanism of the cytotoxic and nephrotoxic S-conjugate S-(2-chloro 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-cysteine. AB - The bioactivation of S-(2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-cysteine (CTFC) was studied with purified bovine kidney cysteine conjugate beta-lyase and with N dodecylpyridoxal bromide in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles as a pyridoxal model system. The beta-lyase and the pyridoxal model system converted CTFC to chlorofluoroacetic acid and inorganic fluoride, which were identified by 19F NMR spectrometry. 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethanethiol and chlorofluorothionoacetyl fluoride were formed as metabolites of CTFC and were trapped with benzyl bromide and diethylamine, respectively, to yield benzyl 2 chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl sulfide and N,N-diethyl chlorofluorothioacetamide, which were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The bioactivation mechanism of CTFC therefore involves the initial formation of the unstable thiol 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethanethiol, which loses hydrogen fluoride to form the acylating agent chlorofluorothionoacetyl fluoride; hydrolysis of the thionoacyl fluoride affords the stable, terminal metabolites chlorofluoroacetic acid and inorganic fluoride. The intermediate acylating agent and chlorofluoroacetic acid may contribute to the cytotoxic effects of CTFC. PMID- 3478704 TI - Interaction of two nonhistone proteins with the estradiol response element of the avian vitellogenin gene modulates the binding of estradiol-receptor complex. AB - The DNA sequence corresponding to the estradiol response element has been synthesized and tested in vitro for the binding of specific proteins. Gel retardation experiments combined with dimethyl sulfate protection experiments revealed that this region binds two nonhistone proteins (NHPs). One of them, NHP 1, has a molecular weight of 70,000 and binds specifically to the dyad symmetry sequence GGTCAGCGTGACC. The NHP-1 can be separated from the estradiol receptor chromatographically; it does not bind estradiol and does not cross-react with an antibody directed against the estradiol receptor. A series of synthetic "mutant" oligonucleotides were tested in a protein-DNA binding competition assay. Deletion of the GCG in the center of the dyad symmetry sequence suppressed the binding of NHP-1 by 90%, and the conversion of any GC pair to an AT pair decreased the affinity of the binding site for NHP-1. Methylation of the two CpGs on both strands of the dyad symmetry sequence decreased the affinity of the binding site for NHP-1 by 60%, whereas hemimethylation of the same structure did not inhibit the binding of NHP-1. NHP-1 and NHP-2, the NHP binding to the DNA next to the dyad symmetry sequence, bind exclusively to double-stranded DNA. NHP-2 has a molecular weight of 60,000. NHP-1 and NHP-2 are neither tissue nor species specific. In vitro reconstitution experiments show that NHP-1 and NHP-2 increase the binding efficiency of the estradiol-receptor complex to the estradiol response element. PMID- 3478705 TI - Reversal of age-related effects in rat muscle phosphoglycerate kinase. AB - Rat muscle phosphoglycerate kinase is one of several enzymes in which age-related effects have been identified. Thus, samples of this enzyme isolated from old rats display a greatly increased heat stability as compared with enzyme isolated from young animals. Previous studies detected no differences in the sequence of amino acids or in the net charge between the young and old forms of the enzyme and it was concluded that the age-related structural modifications are purely conformational. The present study was conducted with the aim of critically testing this hypothesis. To this end, samples of phosphoglycerate kinase purified from skeletal muscle of young and old rats were unfolded by an 18-hr incubation in a 2 M guanidine hydrochloride solution at 4 degrees C, a treatment that results in extensive loss of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. A complete reactivation of both enzymes was achieved by dilution of the unfolded enzyme solutions into a large excess of denaturant-free buffer followed by 4 hr of incubation at 25 degrees C. The reactivation kinetics of the unfolded young and old enzymes were practically identical and the refolded products, compared using heat-inactivation kinetics as a sensitive probe, were found to be identical. Moreover, their heat inactivation coincided with that of young untreated phosphoglycerate kinase. These results demonstrate the reversibility of age-related effects at the molecular level and provide strong support for the hypothesis that the modifications in phosphoglycerate kinase in old muscle are purely conformational and, hence, clearly postsynthetic. PMID- 3478706 TI - Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for human erythrocyte beta spectrin. AB - Spectrin is an important structural component of the membrane skeleton that underlies and supports the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonidentical alpha (Mr 240,000) and beta (Mr 220,000) subunits, each of which contains multiple homologous 106-amino acid segments. We report here the isolation and characterization of a human erythroid-specific beta-spectrin cDNA clone that encodes parts of the beta-9 through beta-12 repeat segments. This cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to assign the beta-spectrin gene to human chromosome 14 and to begin molecular analysis of the gene and its mRNA transcripts. RNA transfer blot analysis showed that the reticulocyte beta spectrin mRNA is 7.8 kilobases in length. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA revealed the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the beta-spectrin gene locus. The isolation of human spectrin cDNA probes and the identification of closely linked RFLPs will facilitate analysis of mutant spectrin genes causing congenital hemolytic anemias associated with quantitative and qualitative spectrin abnormalities. PMID- 3478707 TI - Mouse and frog violate the paradigm of species-specific transcription of ribosomal RNA genes. AB - Transcription of ribosomal RNA genes by RNA polymerase I is generally accepted as being highly species specific, a conclusion based on numerous reports that rRNA genes of one species are not transcribed by factors of even closely related species. It thus was striking to find that cloned rDNA from the frog Xenopus laevis is specifically transcribed in extracts prepared from mouse cells. The data in this paper demonstrate that this heterologous transcription is due to a normal initiation process and not to a fortuitous event. Transcription of Xenopus rDNA in the mouse cell extract is directed by the same large promoter (residue 141 to +6) that is utilized to promote the synthesis of frog rRNA in homologous Xenopus systems. Moreover, the same factors of the mouse cell extract that transcribe the homologous mouse rDNA also catalyze transcription from the X. laevis rDNA promoter. We conclude that polymerase I transcriptional machinery does not evolve as rapidly as prior studies would suggest. PMID- 3478708 TI - Spin glasses and the statistical mechanics of protein folding. AB - The theory of spin glasses was used to study a simple model of protein folding. The phase diagram of the model was calculated, and the results of dynamics calculations are briefly reported. The relation of these results to folding experiments, the relation of these hypotheses to previous protein folding theories, and the implication of these hypotheses for protein folding prediction schemes are discussed. PMID- 3478709 TI - A relaxation model for memory with high storage density. AB - We present a relaxation model for memory based on a generalized coulomb potential. The model has arbitrarily large storage capacity and, in addition, well-defined basins of attraction about stored memory states. The model is compared with the Hopfield relaxation model. PMID- 3478710 TI - Scanning transmission electron microscopic examination of the hexagonal bilayer structures formed by the reassociation of three of the four subunits of the extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris. AB - A fraction obtained by gel filtration at neutral pH of the extracellular Hb of Lumbricus terrestris dissociated either at pH 9.8 or at pH 4.0, consisting of the three subunits D1 (31 kDa), D2 (37 kDa), and T (50 kDa), was found to produce two peaks when subjected to gel filtration on Superose 6 at pH 7. The first peak, which was eluted at a slightly greater volume than the native Hb, consisted of reassociated hexagonal bilayer structures when examined by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The dimensions of the two reassociated hexagonal bilayer structures were a vertex-to-vertex diameter of 25 nm and a height of 16 nm. The difference in size between the hexagonal bilayer structures and the native Hb is the contribution of subunit M, which consists of a single heme-containing chain I (16.75 kDa). Although the reassociated hexagonal bilayer structures have overall dimensions smaller than the 30 nm x 20 nm dimensions of the native Hb, the diameters of the central cavities are not substantially altered. Subtraction of the three-dimensional reconstructions of the reassociated hexagonal bilayer structures from those of the native Hb showed that subunit M was primarily localized at the periphery of Lumbricus Hb. The formation of hexagonal bilayer structures in the complete absence of subunit M provides additional support for the "bracelet" model of the quaternary structure of Lumbricus Hb proposed recently by us in which subunits D1 and D2 were assumed to act as linkers for complexes of subunits M and T or to form a "bracelet" decorated with 12 complexes of subunits M and T. PMID- 3478713 TI - Deficiency in DNA repair in mouse lymphoma strain L5178Y-S. AB - The production and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage were measured by filter elution in strains of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells differing in their sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The induction of radiation-induced damage, as measured by filter elution at pH 12.1, 9.6, and 7.2, was similar in the resistant strain LY-R and the sensitive strain LY-S. The repair of single-strand breaks and alkali labile sites, as measured by filter elution at pH 12.1 at various times after irradiation, was somewhat slower in strain LY-S than in strain LY-R, although after a 20-min repair period the extent of repair was equal in the two strains. However, when filter elution was performed at either pH 9.6 or pH 7.2, the repair of x-radiation-induced damage was much less extensive in strain LY-S than in strain LY-R. We have assumed that the extent of filter elution at pH 9.6 is a measure of the occurrence of frank double-strand breaks as well as closely opposing single-strand breaks and pH 9.6-labile sites (and combinations thereof), and that the extent of elution at pH 7.2 is a measure of the occurrence of frank double-strand breaks alone. If these assumptions are correct, the results suggest that the sensitivity of strain LY-S to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation is caused by a deficiency in the ability of this strain to repair frank double-strand breaks and pH 9.6-labile lesions. The repair of pH 9.6-labile lesions was temperature sensitive in strain LY-S, as previously found for cellular recovery processes in this strain. Two independent radiation-resistant variants of strain LY-S, isolated after protracted exposure of LY-S cells to low dose-rate radiation, showed a deficiency in the repair of pH 9.6-labile lesions similar to that observed in strain LY-S. However, the repair of frank double strand breaks was more extensive in the radiation-resistant variants than in strain LY-S and was similar in extent to that occurring in strain LY-R after a 60 min postirradiation incubation. The results suggest that there is a difference in the nature of DNA damage measured by filter elution at pH 9.6 vs. pH 7.2 and that a deficiency in the repair of pH 9.6-labile lesions does not contribute to cell lethality in the case of the radiation-resistant variants. The radiation resistance of these variants in comparison to strain LY-S may be due at least in part to recovery of the ability to rejoin frank DNA double-strand breaks. PMID- 3478712 TI - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates the PAF-synthesizing enzyme acetyl CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine O2-acetyltransferase and PAF synthesis in neutrophils. AB - Platelet activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PAF) induced in isolated rat peritoneal and human peripheral neutrophils a rapid and potent activation of the PAF biosynthetic enzyme acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine O2-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.67). The PAF-induced activation of the neutrophil acetyltransferase (8-10 times basal neutrophil activity) was maximal within 30 sec after PAF addition, as was the PAF-stimulated degranulation. After 1 min of PAF stimulation, the elevated acetyltransferase activity steadily decreased. Within 2 min of stimulation of neutrophils with 10( 6) M PAF, the 7-fold increase in acetyltransferase activity was coincident with substantial PAF synthesis (as measured by [3H]acetate incorporation into PAF), which was 14% of the PAF synthesis induced by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 at 10(-5) M. PAF activation of the acetyltransferase and PAF synthesis required intact neutrophils as they did not occur in cells broken by sonication. The neutrophil acetyltransferase was 10-30 times more sensitive to activation by PAF than was degranulation as the acetyltransferase activation was evident with 10(-9) M PAF and was about maximal with 3 x 10(-8) M PAF. The unstimulated and PAF-induced acetyltransferase exhibited the same Km for acetyl-CoA (67 microM), but the Vmax for the PAF-induced enzyme (1667 pmol/min per 10(7) cells) was 10 times that of the unstimulated enzyme (175 pmol/min per 10(7) cells). The PAF induction of the acetyltransferase was less sensitive to inhibition by the specific PAF receptor antagonist L-652,731 than was PAF-induced degranulation. This, along with the differing sensitivities to PAF, suggests that acetyltransferase activation and degranulation induced by PAF either involve two different PAF receptors or involve one receptor type with different receptor occupancy requirements. Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, which greatly decreased the activity of the acetyltransferase in spleen microsomes, had little or no effect on the basal or PAF-induced neutrophil acetyltransferase. Thus, by stimulating the activity of acetyltransferase, PAF induces in neutrophils the synthesis of more PAF, thereby probably augmenting the neutrophil response to the initial PAF. PMID- 3478711 TI - Liver fatty acid binding protein is the mitosis-associated polypeptide target of a carcinogen in rat hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes in normal rat liver were found previously to contain a cytoplasmic 14,000-dalton polypeptide (p14) that is associated with mitosis and is the principal early covalent target of activated metabolites of the carcinogen N-2 fluorenylacetamide (2-acetylaminofluorene). The level of immunohistochemically detected p14 was low when growth activity of hepatocytes was low, was markedly elevated during mitosis in normal and regenerating livers, but was very high throughout interphase during proliferation of hyperplastic and malignant hepatocytes induced in rat liver by a carcinogen (N-2-fluorenylacetamide or 3' methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene). We report here that p14 is the liver fatty acid binding protein. The nucleotide sequence of p14 cDNA clones, isolated by screening a rat liver cDNA library in bacteriophage lambda gt11 using p14 antiserum, was completely identical to part of the sequence reported for liver fatty acid binding protein. Furthermore, the two proteins shared the following properties: size of mRNA, amino acid composition, molecular size according to NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis, and electrophoretic mobilities in a Triton X 100/acetic acid/urea gel. Their pI values overlapped in 2-dimensional isoelectric focusing/NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis and showed the same response to delipidation. Either polypeptide reacted with and blocked the antiserum raised against the other polypeptide. The two polypeptides bound oleic acid similarly. Finally, identical elevations of cytoplasmic immunostain were detected specifically in mitotic hepatocytes with either antiserum. The collected findings are suggestive that liver fatty acid binding protein may carry ligands that promote hepatocyte division and may transport certain activated chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3478714 TI - Close linkage of the locus for X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency to polymorphic DNA markers in Xq11-q13. AB - The gene for X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a disease characterized by a block in early T-cell differentiation, has been mapped to the region Xq11-q13 by linkage analysis with restriction fragment length polymorphisms. High logarithm of odds (lod) scores were obtained with the marker 19.2 (DXS3) (z = 5.51 at a recombination fraction theta = 0.11) and with the marker cpX73 (DXS159) that showed complete cosegregation with the disease locus in the informative families analyzed (z = 5.27 at theta = 0.00). Other significant linkages were obtained with several markers from Xq11 to q22. With the help of a recently developed genetic map of the region, it was possible to perform multipoint linkage analysis, and the most likely genetic order is DXS1 (SCID, DXS159)-DXYS1-DXYS12-DXS3, with a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds score of 11.0. Our results demonstrate that the SCID locus (gene symbol IMD4) is not closely linked to the locus of Bruton's agammaglobulinemia (a defect in B cell maturation). They also provide a way for a better estimation of risk for carrier and antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3478715 TI - Molecular analysis of X chromosome dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We used a convenient quantitative dot blot assay to measure transcript levels for two X chromosome-linked genes, myo-2 and act-4, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that there is dosage compensation of transcript levels for these two genes between XX hermaphrodites and X0 males and that a mutation in the dpy 21 gene, postulated from genetic analysis to be involved in control of X chromosome expression, can affect these transcript levels in the manner predicted. However, we observe the dpy-21 effects only at some stages of the life cycle and not at others. These results are generally consistent with earlier genetic and molecular evidence. PMID- 3478716 TI - Organization of the T-cell antigen-receptor beta-chain locus in mice. AB - We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine the organization of the beta-chain gene of the T-cell receptor for antigen in normal and mutant inbred strains of mice. In normal mice, the variable (V)- and constant (C)- region elements of this locus span 700-800 kilobases of chromosomal DNA. All but one of the V beta gene segments analyzed lie 5' of the J beta C beta locus (J beta represents the joining region), with the closest being 280-360 kilobases away. The mutant mouse strain SJL has an internal V beta-region gene deletion that compacts the V beta region by 100-200 kilobases. Taken together with other data, these results indicate that the beta-chain locus can use either a looping out/deletion or an inversion mechanism to appose V beta to DJ beta gene segments (D is the diversity region) and can accomplish the former (at least) over very large distances. PMID- 3478717 TI - Evolutionary relationship between the T3 chains of the T-cell receptor complex and the immunoglobulin supergene family. AB - Antigen receptors on the surface of the thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes are associated with small integral membrane proteins called the T3 (CD3) gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta chains. After interaction of the T-cell receptor with antigen, the T3 proteins are believed to transfer an activation signal to the intracellular compartment. In previous studies, the human gamma, epsilon, and delta chains have been cloned along with the mouse delta chain, but a relationship between these sequences and known molecular families has not been established. We now report the molecular cloning and characterization of the murine T3-epsilon protein and a sequence and structural analysis of the relationships between all the T3 chains and the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is established that the T3 chains are immunoglobulin-related and a particular relationship to the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is noted. This sequence relationship adds interest to previous findings that the T3 chains are genetically linked to N-CAM and Thy-1 antigen on band q23 of human chromosome 11. PMID- 3478718 TI - Intracellular pH in human and experimental hypertension. AB - 31P NMR spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate intracellular pH in erythrocytes from normotensive (n = 15) and from untreated (n = 16) and treated (n = 24) human essential hypertensive individuals. Intracellular erythrocyte pH was also measured in normotensive rats on different dietary calcium intakes as well as in volume-dependent deoxycorticosterone/saline and renin-dependent, 2 kidney, 1 clip (2K-1C) Goldblatt hypertensive rat models. Untreated essential hypertensives had significantly lower intracellular pH values compared with normotensive subjects [7.17 +/- 0.02 vs. 7.28 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM), significance level = 0.01]. Treated hypertensives had intracellular pH values indistinguishable from normotensives [7.27 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM)]. Similarly, pH values for each rat model varied inversely with blood pressure, regardless of whether increased dietary calcium intake lowered pressure (normotensive and deoxycorticosterone/saline hypertensive rats) or elevated it (2K-1C Goldblatt hypertensive rats). These results demonstrate that lower intracellular pH values are commonly observed in various hypertensive states and suggest that they may contribute to the pathophysiology of the hypertensive process. Alterations in intracellular pH may also underlie the clinically observed linkage of hypertension with other disease syndromes, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. PMID- 3478719 TI - Inhibition of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow by large granular lymphocytes. AB - Previous studies suggested that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the regulation of the growth and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. To establish whether the effector cells responsible for the in vivo resistance to bone marrow (BM) transplants and the in vitro inhibition of colony forming units (CFU) may represent identical or overlapping populations, we used a rat system for syngeneic BM transplantation, with and without the transfer of large numbers of peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). BM reconstitution was measured by the in vivo formation of syngeneic CFU in the spleen (CFU-s). Because of the very low frequency of CFU-s in normal rat BM, we fractionated BM cells in Percoll density gradients, which provided a 2- to 5-fold enrichment in CFU-s in the lower-density fractions. Although these fractions contained less than 10% of the total cells, they contained greater than 75% of the CFU-s and allowed for the transfer of significantly fewer donor cells. At the time of BM transplantation, radiation-resistant asialoganglioside GM1-positive LGLs, with high NK activity, accounted for a significant percentage of the lymphoid cells in the irradiated recipient. The in vivo regulatory role of these cells on engraftment was demonstrated by their depletion (by i.v. injection of small amounts of anti-asialo-GM1 antiserum before BM transplantation), which resulted in a significant increase in the number of CFU-s. Conversely, a 50% inhibition in CFU-s was found when CFU-s-enriched BM fractions were preincubated in vitro with LGLs. Additional experiments, involving selective in vivo depletion of NK cells followed by LGL repopulation, directly demonstrated the involvement of LGLs in the regulation and growth of syngeneic pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. Our results further support the hypothesis that LGLs are involved directly or via humoral factors in the homeostasis and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 3478720 TI - Lysinuric protein intolerance mutation is expressed in the plasma membrane of cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an autosomal recessive phenotype consistent with impaired transport of cationic amino acids at the basolateral membrane of intestinal and renal epithelia. On the assumption that the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells and plasma membrane of parenchymal cells are functional analogues, we studied transport of cationic amino acids by cultured skin fibroblasts from LPI and control subjects matched for age, sex, and site of biopsy. We measured Na+-independent transport of radiolabeled lysine, arginine, ornithine, and homoarginine on system y+, the carrier with preference for cationic amino acids, and leucine transport on system L (as the internal control). LPI cells had increased net uptake of cationic amino acids (nmol/mg of protein) relative to leucine. LPI cells also maintained increased steady-state intracellular pools of cationic amino acids. Neither increased metabolic utilization nor increased pool size were responsible for high uptake of cationic amino acids in LPI cells. We then measured trans-stimulated efflux of homoarginine as a specific test of system y+ activity. Homoarginine efflux was significantly impaired in LPI cells (P less than 0.05), whereas leucine efflux was similar in LPI and control cells. Percent trans-stimulation of homoarginine efflux was 1.0 +/- 0.5% in homozygous LPI cells, 10 +/- 0.5% in heterozygous cells, and 22 +/- 0.5% in control cells indicating a gene-dosage effect. The LPI mutation affects system y+ asymmetrically, selectively impairing efflux in fibroblast plasma membrane. To our knowledge, this appears to be the first demonstration that the skin fibroblast can be used to study a corresponding transport defect in intestinal and renal membranes. PMID- 3478721 TI - Antiatherogenic effect of probucol unrelated to its hypocholesterolemic effect: evidence that antioxidants in vivo can selectively inhibit low density lipoprotein degradation in macrophage-rich fatty streaks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. AB - It has been postulated that low density lipoprotein (LDL) becomes fully atherogenic only if it first undergoes oxidative modification. The oxidatively modified form, but not native LDL, is recognized by the acetyl-LDL or "scavenger" receptor and could, therefore, be taken up rapidly by tissue macrophages to generate the fatty-streak lesion of atherosclerosis. However, there is thus far very little direct evidence for oxidative modification in vivo. The studies reported here take advantage of the fact that probucol is an effective antioxidant transported in lipoproteins, including LDL, and blocks the oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. We now show that the rate of degradation of LDL in the macrophage-rich fatty-streak lesions of the LDL receptor-deficient rabbit treated with probucol (1% by weight in the diet) is reduced to about one-half of that in the lesions of receptor-deficient rabbits not given probucol (but matched for plasma cholesterol levels). In contrast, the rates of degradation in the nonlesioned areas of the aorta were no different in probucol-treated and control animals. Most of the LDL degradation in fatty-streak lesions takes place in macrophages, whereas in nonlesioned aorta, which contains very few macrophages, the degradation is almost exclusively in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Thus, the results are compatible with the postulate that the native LDL taken up and degraded by foam cells in the developing fatty-streak lesions was in part first converted to a form recognized by the scavenger receptor (by oxidative or analogous modification). Finally, and most importantly, we show that treatment with probucol significantly reduced the rate of development of fatty-streak lesions even though plasma cholesterol levels were no lower than lovastatin treated (control) rabbits. PMID- 3478722 TI - Activators of protein kinase C enhance acetylcholine receptor desensitization in sympathetic ganglion neurons. AB - Recent studies suggest that phosphorylation may regulate the rate of desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine (AcCho) receptors (AcChoR) in vertebrate muscle and Torpedo. It is not known if phosphorylation is involved in regulation of the neuronal AcChoR, however. In this study we examine the possibility that protein kinase C might regulate nicotinic AcChoR function in neurons. Several activators of protein kinase C (1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, phorbol 12,13-diacetate, and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate) were tested for their ability to modulate AcChoR function in embryonic chicken sympathetic ganglion neurons. Neurons were voltage-clamped at the resting potential, and the response to AcCho was tested before and after treatment with activators of protein kinase C. We find that all of these agents enhance the rate of decay of AcCho-induced current without affecting peak current amplitude or cellular input resistance. The drugs were ineffective if applied concurrently with AcCho: significant effects could be detected after 60 sec of pretreatment. A phorbol that does not increase protein kinase C activity (4 beta-phorbol) was ineffective in enhancing the decay of AcCho-induced current. Thus, the effects of these agents on AcChoR function are likely to be mediated by their interaction with C kinase, rather than by direct interaction with the AcChoR channel. Our data suggest that kinase C may regulate agonist-induced desensitization of the neuronal AcChoR channel. PMID- 3478724 TI - An L1-like molecule, the 8D9 antigen, is a potent substrate for neurite extension. AB - The 8D9 antigen, a cell surface protein isolated from chicken brain that is related to the L1 class of cell adhesion molecules, is shown to contain an activity that promotes the attachment of neurons and the outgrowth of neurites from chicken tecta and mouse cerebellum. When purified 8D9 antigen is attached to a nitrocellulose-coated substrate, neurons rapidly attach and extend unfasciculated neurites. Little or no attachment of astroglia, oligodendroglia, and fibroblast-like cells to the 8D9 antigen is observed. We propose that a function of the 8D9 antigen is that of a neurite extension-promoting substrate in axon fascicles and in regeneration of peripheral nerves. PMID- 3478725 TI - Neuroblastoma cells contain a trophic factor sharing biological and molecular properties with ciliary neurotrophic factor. AB - Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a protein supporting the in vitro survival of a characteristic spectrum of embryonic chicken and rat peripheral neurons. High-speed supernatants of extracts from two neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines--the mouse C 1300 N2a and the human IMR 32--mimic the effects of CNTF on identical target neurons. Promotion of survival is dose-dependent with an ED50 of 80 micrograms (IMR 32) and 140 micrograms (C 1300 N2a) of protein per ml and saturable at plateau values for surviving neurons identical to those achieved with purified CNTF. Small amounts of a CNTF-like material are also detectable in medium conditioned by NB cells. The activity is destroyed by heat and trypsin and not blocked by antibodies to (mouse) nerve growth factor. Unlike the neurite promoting and neuronal-survival modulating agent laminin, it cannot be depleted on poly(L-alpha-ornithine)-coated plastic surfaces. NB IMR 32 cell extracts were electrophoresed using NaDodSO4/PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose. Ciliary ganglion neurons seeded on the blotting paper in culture medium lacking CNTF ("cell blot") exclusively survive on two distinct bands with apparent molecular masses of 24 and 48 kDa. Twenty-four kilodaltons is the molecular mass of a CNTF purified from rat sciatic nerve. These results suggest that NB cells may contain a CNTF-like protein and provide further evidence that neurons may store neurotrophic factors. Purified (chicken) CNTF failed to affect proliferation and neurite growth of NB cells. The biological relevance of CNTF for NB cells, therefore, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3478723 TI - Distributions of molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in nervous tissue of the cat. AB - We analyzed the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and of the metabolic enzymes enolase and lactate dehydrogenase, in the superior cervical ganglion, ciliary ganglion, dorsal root ganglion, stellate ganglion, and caudate nucleus of the cat; we found that these tissues possess very different levels of enzymic activities. The proportions of the alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma enolase isozymes are also quite variable. We particularly studied the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, in normal tissues and in preganglionically denervated SCG, in comparison with earlier histochemical findings. The results are consistent with the premise that the G1 (globular monomer) forms of both enzymes are located in the cytoplasm, the G4 (globular tetramer) forms are at the plasma membranes, and the A12 (collagen tailed, asymmetric dodecamer) form of acetylcholinesterase is at synaptic sites. PMID- 3478726 TI - Spatial segregation of mRNA encoding myelin-specific proteins. AB - The cellular and subcellular distributions of mRNAs encoding three myelin specific proteins--myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), and Po protein--were studied in tissue sections of developing rat nervous systems by in situ hybridization. The developmental appearance of these mRNAs closely paralleled the appearance of the proteins they encode as determined by immunocytochemistry. mRNA encoding the extrinsic membrane protein, MBP, was concentrated around oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell nuclei during initial stages of myelination; as myelination proceeded, MBP mRNA became distributed diffusely over myelinated fibers. In contrast, mRNAs encoding the intrinsic membrane proteins, PLP and Po, remained concentrated around oligodendrocyte (PLP) and Schwann cell (Po) nuclei at all stages of myelination. These results establish that myelinating cells spatially segregate certain myelin-specific mRNAs. The presence of MBP mRNA within the cytoplasmic domains of myelin internodes indicates that protein sorting during myelination involves transportation of mRNA to specific subcellular sites. PMID- 3478729 TI - Measurement of arachidonic acid metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry during platelet aggregation. PMID- 3478727 TI - Progesterone stimulates respiration through a central nervous system steroid receptor-mediated mechanism in cat. AB - We have examined the effect on respiration of the steroid hormone progesterone, administered either intravenously or directly into the medulla oblongata in anesthetized and paralyzed male and female cats. The carotid sinus and vagus nerves were cut, and end-tidal PCO2 and temperature were kept constant with servo controllers. Phrenic nerve activity was used to quantitate central respiratory activity. Repeated doses of progesterone (from 0.1 to 2.0 micrograms/kg, cumulative) caused a sustained (greater than 45 min) facilitation of phrenic nerve activity in female and male cats; however, the response was much more variable in females. Progesterone injected into the region of nucleus tractus solitarii, a respiratory-related area in the medulla oblongata, also caused a prolonged stimulation of respiration. Progesterone administration at high concentration by both routes also caused a substantial hypotension. Identical i.v. doses of other classes of steroid hormones (17 beta-estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol) did not elicit the same respiratory effect. Pretreatment with RU 486, a progesterone-receptor antagonist, blocked the facilitatory effect of progesterone. We conclude that progesterone acts centrally through a steroid receptor-mediated mechanism to facilitate respiration. PMID- 3478730 TI - Comparison of PGE1 and PGE2 levels in pregnant syngeneic BALB/C mice with transplanted fibrosarcoma. PMID- 3478731 TI - Prostaglandins in the guinea pig cochlea. PMID- 3478728 TI - Cytosolic calcium transients from the beating mammalian heart. AB - To elucidate the role of cytosolic calcium, [Ca2+]i, in the physiology of the normal and ischemic heart, we have developed a method for recording [Ca2+]i transients from the epicardial surface of the rabbit ventricle after arterial perfusion with the cell-permeant cytosolic calcium indicator indo-1 AM. Hearts were illuminated at 360 nm, and fluorescence was recorded simultaneously at 400 and 550 nm. The F400/F550 fluorescence ratio was calculated by an analog circuit that allowed cancelation of small movement artifacts that were present at single wavelengths. Clear [Ca2+]i transients were present in the F400/F550 signal and were remarkable for their slow decay. Slow decay of the transients was not due to buffering of [Ca2+]i by indo-1, since there was no associated impairment of contraction or relaxation. The peak amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transients was increased by ouabain, adrenaline, postextrasystolic potentiation, and acetylcholine. The extent to which the transients decayed diminished with shortening of the interbeat interval, but decay of the transients could be further diminished by acetylcholine or caffeine. A major advantage of the intact heart over isolated myocytes is the ability to measure changes in [Ca2+]i during ischemia. Ischemia produced a marked increase in both peak systolic and end diastolic [Ca2+]i, which was most rapid during the first 30 sec, and approached a plateau value after 90 sec. This increase in [Ca2+]i was associated with a characteristic broadening of the peak of the transient. The increase in [Ca2+]i during ischemia is consistent with a proposed causative role of [Ca2+]i in mediating early electrophysiological abnormalities. PMID- 3478732 TI - Maternal plasma bicycling PGE2 levels following vaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 pessaries in full term pregnancies. AB - Plasma levels of bicyclic PGE2 (PGE2M) were measured after administration of a 5mg, PGE2 slow release hydrogel pessary and a 3mg vaginal tablet (Upjohn). Twenty four women of low parity with favourable induction features were randomised to receive either the hydrogel pessary or the vaginal tablet. A single pessary was administered and amniotomy was performed after 4 hours. Augmentation with oxytocin was carried out after amniotomy if required. Both groups showed a rise in plasma PGE2 levels in keeping with the release profiles of the pessaries. Wide interindividual differences in absorption were found. PMID- 3478733 TI - Clinical relevance of the CA-125 assay for the management of patients with ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3478734 TI - Phorbol ester receptor and protein kinase C heterogeneity: evidence for PKC type specific biochemical properties. PMID- 3478735 TI - Prostaglandin production by human myometrium, uterine cervix and leiomyoma. AB - In order to investigate prostacyclin production by human myometrium, uterine cervix and leiomyoma, slices of each tissue were incubated. The 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha concentration of the incubation medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. The serosal and endometrial sides of myometrium produce 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, with no significant difference in production between the two sides. The 6-keto PGF1 alpha production of leiomyoma was significantly higher than that of myometrium. Our results suggest that human myometrium and leiomyoma produce prostacyclin regardless of vascularization. PMID- 3478736 TI - Effects of steroids on renal NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in ovariectomized rats. AB - It has been suggested that the circulating prostacyclin in primarily inactivated by renal NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Changes in the renal enzyme activity in response to hormones were studied. The renal 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in female rats was lower than that in male rats, and was significantly increased by ovariectomy. The effect of sex steroids on the renal enzyme activity was then studied in ovariectomized rats. Estradiol administration induced a significant decrease in the renal enzyme activity, while testosterone did not show any significant effect. Kinetic parameters for the renal enzyme from control and estradiol-treated groups were compared. An identical apparent Km for prostaglandin E2 was obtained for the enzyme from both groups. Vmax in the treated group was progressively decreased. The enzyme from both groups decayed at the same rate. The results indicated that estradiol might be the major endogenous sex steroid regulating the renal NAD+ dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity, and the inhibitory effect of estradiol on the renal enzyme might be due to the inhibition of the enzyme biosynthesis. PMID- 3478737 TI - Prostaglandin output from and the spontaneous inotropism of uterine horns isolated from underfed rats at different stages of the sex cycle. Smooth muscle contractile influences of indomethacin and of methoxamine. AB - The influences of a period of 15 days of restricted diet (50% of the normal food intake) in rats sacrificed at different stages of the sex cycle (proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus), were explored on: (1) the magnitude of uterine spontaneous phasic contractions (isometric developed tension = IDT); (2) the release of prostaglandins (PGs) F2 alpha and E2; from the uterus and (3) the myometrial inotropic responses evoked by methoxamine and indomethacin. At estrus and at proestrus, preparations from restricted diet rats exhibited greater initial (post-isolation) IDT and better contractile constancy during 60 min than did uteri from normal fed rats. This enhanced contractile constancy, but not that of preparations from control fed rats, was prevented by incubation "in vitro" with indomethacin (10(-6) M). At metestrus and at diestrus, uteri from normal fed rats presented higher initial levels of IDT and even more sustained contractile constancy than at estrus or at proestrus. Moreover, contractile profiles remained unaltered following the dietary restriction and the presence of indomethacin evoked similar negative inotropic actions in both experimental groups (fed and underfed). Dose-response curves for methoxamine documented its positive, but different, inotropic actions in the two groups and at the four periods of the estrous cycle. Indeed, in the underfed group at estrus and at proestrus, dose response curves for methoxamine were shifted to the left of those in fed controls, a situation prevented by indomethacin (10(-6) M); whereas at metestrus and at diestrus, no differences in the inotropic reactivity towards methoxamine between the two experimental groups, were detected. On the other hand, indomethacin shifted to the right dose-response curves for the agonist, both in preparations from normal fed and from restricted diet rats. The generation and release of PGF2 alpha and of PGE2 were explored under normal and restricted diet conditions, both at estrus and at diestrus. Following the dietary restriction, the output of PGE2 from estrous uteri was augmented in comparison to controls, whilst the release of PGF2 alpha was not affected. At diestrus, dietary restriction failed to alter the uterine output of either one of these PGs. Results suggest that a greater generation and release of PGE2, following underfeeding, appears to subserve the increased spontaneous motility and the greater sensitivity of the rat uterus for adrenoreceptor agonists. PMID- 3478738 TI - Stimulation of aggregation and thromboxane A2 formation of human platelets by hypoxia. AB - The influence of hypoxia on the spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) and thromboxane formation was studied. The analysis of aggregation curve was carried out according to Breddin. The hypoxia enhanced the aggregability from Q2norm = 2.46 +/- 0.40 (normoxia) to Q2hyp = 4.39 +/- 0.39 (hypoxia), n = 52, p less than 0.001. 10 samples of those showed no SPA under equilibration with air but the hypoxic stimulus provoked SPA (Q2norm = 0, Q2hyp = 1.19 +/- 60, n = 10, p less than 0.001). When the results were arranged according to the degree of the stimulation of SPA, two groups could be separated with low and high response to hypoxia. The hypoxia caused also an augmentation of the TXB2 level in comparison to normoxia. The stronger enhancement of the TXB2 formation during the incubation under hypoxic conditions was independent of the fact whether SPA took place or not. The present study suggests that hypoxic conditions alone may be a reason for a stimulated TXA2 formation of the platelets and that the enhanced TXA2 formation caused by hypoxia is possibly inducing or reinforcing the SPA. PMID- 3478739 TI - Increased aortic thromboxane production in experimental atherosclerosis. AB - It is of great importance to clarify the role of thromboxane and prostacyclin in the process of atherosclerosis. In order to study this we induced atherosclerosis in rabbits through cholesterol feeding (1% w/w) for three to 12 weeks. After sacrifice the aorta was quickly removed and incubated. The in vitro thromboxane production measured as immunoreactive thromboxane B2 increased by 86 per cent in atherosclerotic vessels compared to control vessels (p less than 0.0005). The in vitro production of prostacyclin measured as immunoreactive 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha showed a tendency to higher values in the atherosclerotic vessels compared to the control vessels (31%, p less than 0.025). This suggests that an increased thromboxane production rather than a decreased prostacyclin production might be important for the progression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 3478741 TI - Effects of progesterone withdrawal on uterine prostaglandin levels in the ovariectomized pregnant rat. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) levels increase dramatically just before parturition in the rat. Coincident with this dramatic increase in uterine PGs is a precipitous decrease in plasma progesterone and enhanced plasma estradiol levels. The purpose of the present study was to mimic the progesterone withdrawal phenomenon in the presence and absence of estradiol in ovariectomized pregnant rats and determine the effects on uterine PGF, PGE, thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-PGF1a (6KF) levels. Rats were ovariectomized on day 16 of pregnancy and silastic inserts containing progesterone and estradiol placed s.c. in two groups of rats (I and II) while the third group (III) received progesterone only. On day 19 of pregnancy progesterone was withdrawn from groups II and III and rats sacrificed 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours later. Uterine tissue was assayed for PGs by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone withdrawal in the absence of estradiol (III) administration significantly (p less than .05) elevated PGE, TxB2 and 6KF, but not PGF, at the 24 hour period compared to controls (I). When progesterone was withdrawn in the presence of exogenously administered estradiol (II) only PGF showed enhancement (p less than .05) over III at the 24 hour period thus indicating a specific effect of estradiol on the PGF metabolic pathway. In conclusion, these data indicate that: (1) progesterone withdrawal is a potent stimulus for uterine PG production and is probably a major contributor to the augmented uterine PGE, TxB2 and 6KF levels at term in the pregnant rat; and (2) progesterone withdrawal in the presence of exogenously administered estradiol enhances uterine PGF production thus indicating a specific effect of estradiol on PGF production. PMID- 3478740 TI - Effects of halothane and enflurane on prostanoid concentrations in operation patients. AB - Prostanoid formation may be stimulated by different events associated with anaesthesia and operation, such as positive pressure ventilation and tissue trauma. We investigated the effects of halothane and enflurane on plasma and serum prostanoid concentrations in 19 patients scheduled for minor operations. In 9 abdominal surgery patients, thromboxane B2 concentrations were followed up to the fifth postoperative day. Prostanoid determinations were carried out with RIA. In general, the changes in prostanoid concentrations in patients anaesthetised with halothane or enflurane were similar. During spontaneous breathing there was a decrease in plasma PGE2 and TxB2 concentrations. During intermittent positive pressure ventilation and operation, PGE2 and TxB2 concentrations rose but 6-keto PGF1 alpha did not. After operation, TxB2 concentrations remained elevated but the other prostanoids returned to preoperative values. TxB2 concentrations decreased to the preoperative level on the first postoperative day. The elevated TxB2 concentrations during and after surgery can be regarded, in some patients, as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications. PMID- 3478743 TI - Double rubber dam. PMID- 3478742 TI - Fluoride uptake by cavity walls from a fluoride solution, a liner, and a fluoride containing amalgam. PMID- 3478744 TI - A safe technique for removal of temporarily cemented porcelain crowns. PMID- 3478745 TI - Effects of some finishing techniques on cervical margins of porcelain laminates. PMID- 3478746 TI - Child abuse and the dental practitioner: discussion and case reports. PMID- 3478747 TI - A comparison of Ultraspeed and Ektaspeed dental x-ray film: in vitro study of the radiographic and histologic appearance of interproximal lesions. PMID- 3478748 TI - Factors and prevention of pulp irritation by adhesive composite resin restorations. PMID- 3478749 TI - Intrapulpal foreign objects: a case report. PMID- 3478750 TI - Tooth fragments embedded in soft tissue: a diagnostic consideration. PMID- 3478751 TI - [The use of mexamine to reduce radiation injuries during embryogenesis of Wistar rats]. AB - In experiments with 330 Wistar rats experiencing their first pregnancy and 1430 neonatal rats of the first generation a study was made on the toxicity and radioprotective efficiency of a single subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg mexamine on days 3, 11 and 19 of pregnancy. The agent caused various abnormalities in pregnancy, delivery and postnatal development of the offspring of nonirradiated animals, and it was almost ineffective when used for the prevention of radiation damages during the antenatal ontogenesis. PMID- 3478752 TI - [Changes in the therapeutic spectrum with respect to the pharmacological and radioprotective activity after O-alkylation of serotonin and 5(2 hydroxyethoxytryptamine)]. AB - In experiments with mongrel mice, a study was made of the pharmacological activity of serotonin and its O-alkyl derivatives. It was estimated by the two indices, that is, the radioprotective properties and the influence on a local blood channel in the spleen, the modifying effect of the agents' toxicity being estimated as well. As an O-alkyl group of 5-alkoxytryptamines was elongated from one to three carbon atoms and the toxicity of the substances increased, their radioprotective effect decreased more readily than their effect on the local blood channel. The shortening of the range of the therapeutic action of the agents under study, with regard to the two pharmacological indices mentioned above, the alkyl group being lengthened, followed a logarithmic function which was more pronounced in relation to the radioprotective index (cos alpha 1/cos alpha 2 = 1.58). PMID- 3478754 TI - Make research answer your questions. PMID- 3478753 TI - Stop potential cross-infection. PMID- 3478755 TI - Best benefits are: money, perks, satisfaction. PMID- 3478757 TI - Break through the maze of hygiene roadblocks. PMID- 3478756 TI - Hg (mercury). PMID- 3478759 TI - Make research answer your questions. PMID- 3478758 TI - Cross the fine line to perio therapy. PMID- 3478761 TI - Even Dorothy had a goal...you can find happiness and satisfaction. PMID- 3478760 TI - How safe is your office? PMID- 3478762 TI - Back to school. PMID- 3478763 TI - Working together: an idea whose time has come. PMID- 3478764 TI - Bracing for the baby boomers. PMID- 3478765 TI - Food and drugs that don't mix. PMID- 3478767 TI - Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, Human Gene Therapy Subcommittee. Minutes of Meeting, April 24, 1987. PMID- 3478766 TI - Margination is an uncommon hygiene practice with common applications. PMID- 3478768 TI - Utilization of 67Ga-citrate for the measurement of histamine-induced edema in anesthetized rats. AB - Radioactivity of the histamine-induced paw edema was measured after intravenous injection of 67Ga-citrate in anesthetized rats. The radioactivity was fluctuated almost parallel with the edema rate following subcutaneous injection of histamine. Both the radioactivity and the edema rate were almost equally reduced by pretreatment with chlorpheniramine, an antihistaminic agent. There was a good correlation between the edema rate and the radioactivity. These results suggest that 67Ga-citrate is useful for the pharmacological study of antiinflammatory drugs, or is available for measuring the vascular permeability. PMID- 3478769 TI - Occlusion in the aetiology and management of upper anterior tooth migration. PMID- 3478770 TI - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction--its relevance to restorative dentistry. Part 2: Splint therapy and restorative considerations. PMID- 3478772 TI - [Value and limitations of scintigraphy in oral medicine]. PMID- 3478771 TI - [Ameloblastoma: follow-up studies in 7 patients]. PMID- 3478773 TI - [Bone marrow aplasia, dysplasia and necrosis as atypical forms of presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: reflections on 3 cases]. PMID- 3478774 TI - Enzymatic sulfation of gastric mucous glycoprotein in rat--changes in glycoprotein sulfotransferase activity with stress and anti-ulcer agent, sofalcone. AB - Enzymatic sulfation of mucous glycoprotein (GP) was studied in gastric mucosa of rat. After rat stomach was incubated with [35S]-sulfate, incorporation of radioactivity into gastric mucosal APS (adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate), PAPS (3' phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) and endogenous GPs could be detected. The degree of sulfation of endogenous GPs was highest in the macromolecular GP (peak I) and lowest in the low molecular GP (peak III). By using a crude preparation of GP sulfotransferase from rat gastric mucosa, the transfer of [35S]-sulfate from [35S]-PAPS into macromolecular mucous GP was determined as being the activity of sulfotransferase. The activity of GP sulfotransferase was mainly distributed in the microsomal fraction, and was proportional to the incubation time, substrate (mucous GP) concentration and [35S]-PAPS concentration. The enzyme activity was significantly higher in the corpus than that in the antral mucosa. The activity of GP sulfotransferase was significantly decreased at 6 h and was significantly increased at 12 h after the stress load, compared with that of the non-stressed condition. Anti-ulcer agent, sofalcone, increased the GP sulfotransferase activity under the stressed condition. On the other hand, cimetidine showed a significant inhibitory effect under the same condition. Changes in the GP sulfotransferase activity with stress and anti-ulcer agents were consistent with those in the incorporation of [35S]-sulfate into macromolecular mucous GP. These results suggest the importance of GP sulfotransferase as a key enzyme regulating the sulfation of mucous GP. PMID- 3478776 TI - [Fatigue, lack of appetite and nausea]. PMID- 3478775 TI - [A case from medical practice (89). A patient]. PMID- 3478778 TI - [The use of antidepressive agents in the treatment of chronic pain]. PMID- 3478777 TI - [Gammagraphy with gallium-67 citrate in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - The reception of Gallium Citrate 67 (C. de Ga-67) has been studied in 27 patients with active pulmonary TBC shown bacteriologically. The findings of the gammagraphy with C. de Ga-67 have been compared with those of the simple thorax radiology. We have objectified 96% sensitivity in the examination of the tuberculous lesions by isotopic techniques. These have shown, as well, a high performance in the detection of active tuberculous areas at hiliar, mediatinic and extrathoracic level, greater than that of the simple radiography, as well as to evaluate the activity of apparently residual lesions in the thorax radiography. We conclude that the gammagraphy with C. de Ga-67 is a bloodless method which complements radiology in the diagnosis of activity, extension and location of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3478779 TI - [Marketing of dental treatment in Finland]. PMID- 3478780 TI - [Personal dental health education activities and their structural practices]. PMID- 3478781 TI - [Oral mucosa manifestations of HIV infection]. PMID- 3478784 TI - [Where lack of communication starts--public and private occurrences]. PMID- 3478782 TI - [HIV infection transmission and the Finnish HIV position]. PMID- 3478783 TI - [What Finns are immune deficient?]. PMID- 3478785 TI - [Immigrant dental care in Sweden]. PMID- 3478786 TI - [Complaints about dentists' work]. PMID- 3478788 TI - Scheduling. PMID- 3478790 TI - AIDS in the workplace: Caveat employer. PMID- 3478787 TI - [Positive HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) serology in the pregnant woman: current data on its management. Apropos of a continuous series of 56 cases]. AB - 56 cases of pregnant women with a positive HIV serology were reported in 20 months at the Maternity of the Nice Hospital Center. In 10 cases, there were clinical signs of the disease (9 ARC-Syndrome, one case of AIDS). The predisposing factor was most of the time drug addiction, 53 cases (94.5%) and one case occurred after a blood transfusion. In the majority of the cases (52%) the pregnancy was pursued because of the late term or the patient's decision. A therapeutic abortion was performed in 12 instances (25%) and an interruption before 12 weeks of amenorrhea in 15 cases. 24 women delivered. The obstetrical complications were frequent with especially a fetal death in utero, five premature deliveries and fifteen hypotrophies. A severe infectious complication (septicemia, pneumopathy secondary to Pneumocystis carinii) was observed in 9 cases, a marked thrombopenia causing profuse post-partum haemorrhages in one case. Finally, one woman died 35 days after delivery. The study of the consequences on the child is incomplete because of insufficient follow-up: all children were sero-positive at birth and among thirteen children aged between 12 to 20 months, there were one death, one AIDS syndrome, 4 ARC-syndrome, 4 sero positive and 3 sero-negative. The notion of HIV sero-positivity in a pregnant woman presents serious problems for the obstetrician. Decompensation of the disease during the pregnancy is uncertain but it is now confirmed that the child is affected, and this is a well established fact. These important consequences lead to propose, at this time a therapeutic interruption of pregnancy when possible, depending on the term, and when accepted by the patient. PMID- 3478791 TI - If you are not a part of the solution, then you are a part of the problem. PMID- 3478789 TI - Personnel policies: establishing a positive impression. PMID- 3478793 TI - The doctor's image--past, present, and future. PMID- 3478792 TI - Discourse on the object and utility of the Rhode Island Medical Society. Stat Nominis Umbra. PMID- 3478794 TI - [High doses of cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of refractory leukemia]. PMID- 3478795 TI - [Changes in cholinesterase activity in the tissues of rabbits exposed to ionizing radiation]. PMID- 3478797 TI - [Costs calculation with bar codes. The use of microcomputers in dental practice]. PMID- 3478796 TI - Gastric prostaglandin E2 release induced by aluminium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide-containing antacids in rats. Effect of low doses and citric acid. AB - Suspensions of aluminium hydroxide or a commercial antacid containing aluminium hydroxide (Trigastril) was instilled intragastrically in rats in doses comparable to high and low human therapeutic doses (aluminium hydroxide, 125 mg and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively). Corresponding experiments were carried out with 0.6% citric acid added to the antacid suspensions. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the gastric content was analysed by radioimmunoassay 6 h after drug administration. Both high and low doses of aluminium hydroxide and Trigastril increased the concentration of PGE2 significantly. Citric acid did not significantly affect the antacid induced PGE2 release except in combination with a low dose of aluminium hydroxide, with which a significant increase was seen. Release of PGE2 by low doses of antacids implies the possibility that enhanced cytoprotection may be involved in the mechanism by which antacids promote the healing of peptic ulcers. PMID- 3478798 TI - [Informatics in the dental office. A rational approach to the problem]. PMID- 3478800 TI - [Quo vadis, dental radiology?]. PMID- 3478799 TI - [Conversation with Dr. Claude-Alain Antonioli. Interview by Michel Perrier]. PMID- 3478802 TI - [Dental foreign aid in Sri Lanka]. PMID- 3478801 TI - [The case: unpleasant feelings all around]. PMID- 3478803 TI - [Preformed titanium osteosynthesis plate for fractures of the mandibular angle]. PMID- 3478804 TI - [Bruxism: electrobiological research]. PMID- 3478805 TI - [Histomorphometric study of periosteocytic lacunae and osteons in human alveolar bone]. PMID- 3478807 TI - [Practical periodontology (I). Periodontology for the general practitioner- theory and practice on a phantom model and on the participants' own patients]. PMID- 3478806 TI - [Esthetic care of anterior teeth]. PMID- 3478808 TI - [Clinical corrosion. Effect of fissures on an incompatible nonprecious-metal crown alloy]. PMID- 3478809 TI - Borderline personality disorder. PMID- 3478811 TI - Flap arises over genetic map. PMID- 3478810 TI - Craniofacial anomalies in South Dakota: 1960 through 1984. PMID- 3478813 TI - [Reflections of a health care team on the activities of a department in 1970 and in 1986]. PMID- 3478812 TI - New questions about AIDS test accuracy. PMID- 3478814 TI - Growth suppression of hybrids between transformed cells and normal fibroblasts in serum-free medium: correlation with retention of human chromosomes. AB - Somatic cell hybrids formed by crossing PG19 mouse melanoma cells with mouse embryo fibroblasts have a reduced ability to proliferate in growth factor unsupplemented serum-free medium relative to the parental melanoma cells. The suppression of growth of the hybrid cells in serum-free medium is attributable to a strict requirement of these cells for polypeptide growth factors (insulin plus platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or epidermal growth factor). In contrast, the parental melanoma cells are able to grow without exogenously added growth factors. Fifteen hybrids derived from crosses between mouse L cells and normal human skin fibroblasts also have been tested for ability to grow in growth factor-unsupplemented serum-free medium. Depending on which human chromosomes are retained, growth of these hybrids in serum-free medium is also suppressed relative to growth of the L cell parent. There appear to be several genes on different chromosomes that are involved in suppression of serum free growth of the fibroblast x L cell hybrids. One weak suppressor gene appears to be on the human X chromosome. PMID- 3478815 TI - The role of acentric chromosome fragments in gene amplification. AB - We assessed the role of acentric chromosome fragments in gene amplification by using cell fusion techniques to introduce the fragmented chromosomes of a donor Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that contained the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene(s) into a CHO cell line deficient for dhfr. Chromosome fragments were successfully integrated into cells at a frequency of approximately 3%. Methotrexate-resistant variants arose much more frequently in two cell lines derived from these successful cell fusions than in wild-type CHO cells. The hybrid cell lines also amplified their dhfr genes more readily than did the CHO cell line used as dhfr donor. PMID- 3478816 TI - Correction of excision repair in xeroderma pigmentosum by hamster chromosome fragments involves both classes of pyrimidine dimers. AB - The ultraviolet light-sensitive phenotype of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) has been corrected by the incorporation into XP cells of small chromosome fragments from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Like normal human and hamster cells, these XP hamster hybrids are able to excise both of the photoproducts produced by ultraviolet light: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and the minor photoproduct, (6 4) pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimers. This excision capacity contrasts with that of an XP revertant, of the same cell line used in this study, which is able to excise only the (6-4) photoproducts. The excision defect of XP has been fully corrected in the hybrids; therefore, the small hamster chromosome fragments they contain should carry the gene for complementation group A of XP. PMID- 3478818 TI - Assignment of the lactotransferrin gene to human chromosome 3 and to mouse chromosome 9. AB - Lactotransferrin (LTF), a member of the transferrin family of genes, is the major iron-binding protein in milk and body secretions. The amino acid sequence of LTF consists of two homologous domains homologous to proteins in the transferrin family. Recent isolation of cDNA encoding mouse LTF has expedited the mapping of both mouse and human LTF genes. Southern blot analysis of DNA from mouse-Chinese hamster and human-mouse somatic cell hybrids maps the LTF gene to mouse chromosome 9 and to human chromosome 3, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of cell hybrids containing defined segments of human chromosome 3 demonstrates that the gene is located in the 3q21-qter region. These results suggest that LTF and associated genes of the transferrin family have existed together on the same chromosomal region for 300-500 million years. PMID- 3478817 TI - Regional localization of the gene coding for sphingolipid activator protein SAP-1 on human chromosome 10. AB - Sphingolipid activator protein SAP-1 is required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of GMI ganglioside and sulfatide. The gene coding for SAP-1 was previously mapped to human chromosome 10 using monospecific antibodies prepared against SAP-1 in synteny analysis of somatic cell hybrids. In this study, we used a cDNA probe for SAP-1 and in situ hybridization to regionally localize the SAP1 gene to the long arm of chromosome 10, region q21-22. Additional mapping data using cell hybrids containing partial chromosome 10 and skin fibroblasts with trisomy 10p are consistent with the in situ hybridization mapping results. PMID- 3478820 TI - [Odontologic toxicology as a new subject in the dental curriculum at the School of Dentistry in Arhus]. PMID- 3478819 TI - Prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. A longitudinal study of treatment with tissue-integrated fixed prostheses. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate some effects of treatment first with optimised complete dentures and then with mandibular fixed tissue-integrated prostheses (TIPs). The most important functional variables studied were bite force, chewing efficiency and chewing ability. Other variables were changes in dietary selection and habits, psychological reactions, bone loss around the titanium fixtures in the long-term perspective and technical failures of the prosthetic and titanium components. The group of subjects studied comprised 64 dissatisfied complete denture wearers. They were divided and match-paired into 2 groups and, after initially being treated with optimised complete dentures, they were followed-up 6 and 4 years respectively after insertion of a mandibular fixed TIP. Treatment with optimised complete dentures produced small if any changes in functional, psychological or dietary variables compared with initial status. After treatment with a mandibular TIP, a dramatic improvement of the patients' assessment of their chewing ability and of the results of the chewing efficiency test and bite force measurements was recorded. The psychological reactions were also positive. However, the patients' dietary selection and habits did not change markedly compared to the original denture situation. Bone resorption around the titanium fixtures was in both groups 0.40-0.45 mm the first year after insertion of the TIP and then on average 0.06-0.08 mm annually. More bone loss was found around the mesially located fixtures than the distal ones. Oral hygiene was shown to influence the rate of bone loss. Technical failures of the TIPs were uncommon and none of the 270 fixtures was lost after insertion of the mandibular TIP in both groups during the follow-up period. In conclusion, the results given in Papers I-VI show that although the TIP method is demanding and expensive in its initial stages, the clinical and economic investments made are obviously sound in the long-term perspective. Especially when the psychosocial benefits are considered, the overall cost-benefit ratio of treatment with tissue-integrated prostheses therefore seems to be very favourable. PMID- 3478821 TI - [Do we have legislation for dental materials?]. PMID- 3478822 TI - [An evaluation method of the biologic properties of dental materials as exemplified by the toxicity testing of a dentin adhesive]. PMID- 3478823 TI - Daily dose of fluoride and dental fluorosis. PMID- 3478824 TI - [Can dental materials become a toxicologic problem?]. PMID- 3478825 TI - [Mercury in the blood of dentists studied in Arhus in 1986]. PMID- 3478826 TI - [The use of mercury by dentists]. PMID- 3478827 TI - Ectopic eruption of permanent canines eliciting resorption of incisors: treatment by autotransplantation of the canine. PMID- 3478828 TI - [Aspartame--its status following 20 years of toxicology studies]. PMID- 3478830 TI - [Public health treatment-need index in orthodontics--a critical study]. PMID- 3478831 TI - [The fluoride content in water from private wells]. PMID- 3478829 TI - [The need of orthodontic treatment. Which patients should have priority?]. PMID- 3478832 TI - [Treatment plan in Sweden--for the patient and the treatment team]. PMID- 3478833 TI - [Local study courses--what choices will we have?]. PMID- 3478835 TI - The "Fourteen Commandments" of practical infection control in dentistry: a summary. PMID- 3478836 TI - An interview with Sam W. Rogers, Jr., D.D.S. immediate past president, Texas Dental Association. PMID- 3478834 TI - Surface and equipment disinfection: an essential element in a comprehensive infection control program. PMID- 3478837 TI - ADA President-elect Dr. Jim Saddoris's address to the Texas Dental Association. PMID- 3478838 TI - TDA major medical plan. PMID- 3478840 TI - A special report. Part 2. Infection control for the dental laboratory. PMID- 3478839 TI - The hygienists' perspective. Heptavax B vaccine should be provided. PMID- 3478841 TI - Aseptic technique. PMID- 3478842 TI - Developmental effects of isotretinoin and 4-oxo-isotretinoin: the role of metabolism in teratogenicity. AB - Previous observations have indicated that isotretinoin (IT), a drug in common use for therapy of cystic acne, is teratogenic in humans but possesses low embryotoxicity in pregnant mice, probably because of its shorter half-life and limited placental transfer in rodents. In human volunteers and patients, one major blood metabolite of IT is 4-oxo-isotretinoin (4-oxo-IT) which undergoes slower elimination than IT and may itself be a participant in teratogenesis. To investigate the problem of species differences displayed by IT and the role of its metabolism, embryotoxic effects of 4-oxo-IT were examined after its single or repeated intubations into pregnant ICR mice and compared with the effects of a similar regimen of IT. The two compounds were also tested for their relative ability to suppress chrondrogenesis in the in vitro cell and organ culture assays. We found that a single dose of 4-oxo-IT, 100 mg/kg, given on day 11 of gestation (plug day = day 0 of gestation) produced a moderate incidence of limb reduction defects and cleft palate (39% and 27% of surviving fetuses, respectively), while a dose of 150 mg/kg affected virtually every fetus. IT, on the other hand, produced no defects in fetuses exposed to similar dose levels. Repeated intubations with IT, however, resulted in increasing the frequencies of limb reduction defects and cleft palate to levels obtained after 4-oxo-IT administration. We found that a 3-hour interval between IT intubations was more effective in this regard than an 8-hour interval. Repeated IT intubations also uncovered sharper stage-dependency of limb and palatal defects than obtained otherwise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478843 TI - AZT in hemophilia. PMID- 3478844 TI - What if one of you dies? The need for partnership life insurance. PMID- 3478845 TI - The state of America's dental health: "continuing improvement". PMID- 3478846 TI - [Treatment of osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3478847 TI - HLA and non-HLA phenotyping and genotyping in Austral and Gambier Polynesian Archipelagos. AB - Forty-one individuals from Rurutu Island (Austral Archipelagos) and 41 individuals from the Gambier Archipelagos have been typed for HLA; for blood groups ABO, Rh, MNSs, P, Kell, Kp, Lewis, Lutheran, Kidd; for the electrophoretic systems G6PD, 6-PGD, PGM1, PGM2, AcP, ADA, GPT, Est-D, GLO I, and for the immunoglobulin allotypes Gm and Km. There is a high degree of homogeneity among these Polynesian populations and among other Polynesian populations previously typed. However, small differences exist between the populations of the two archipelagos, possibly due to endogamy or to the smallness of the samples studied. A variant of HLA-Bw22 (called Bw22x) is described. PMID- 3478849 TI - Contamination from unwashed surgical gloves. PMID- 3478850 TI - Temporo-mandibular joint myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome in the white population of Oranjemund, South West Africa (Namibia). PMID- 3478848 TI - Susceptibility to human cutaneous leishmaniasis and HLA, Gm, Km markers. AB - A relationship between markers related to the immune response (HLA system, Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes) and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis was investigated in a population of Hmong refugees who had recently settled in French Guiana. Two approaches were used: 1) case/control comparisons of the marker phenotype distribution to detect possible associations; 2) multiple-case family studies to search for marker-linked genes. When the distribution of HLA-A, B, C, antigens and Gm, Km allotypes was compared between patients and controls, only a significant decrease of HLA-Cw7 antigen among leishmaniasis patients was detected (p = 0.01). No interaction between any two of these markers and the disease was found. On the other hand, neither an HLA, Gm or Km susceptibility gene could be demonstrated in the informative sets of affected siblings. These results are discussed with respect to those reported in other infectious diseases. PMID- 3478852 TI - Tooth preparation for "inlayed" ceramic laminates on anterior teeth. PMID- 3478851 TI - New developments: ceramic and cast-glass veneering of anterior teeth. PMID- 3478853 TI - Thermoluminescence dosimetry--how reliable is it? PMID- 3478854 TI - [Local protective factors in patients with lichen ruber planus of the oral mucosa and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3478856 TI - [Method of determining the length of single-rooted teeth in the clinic]. PMID- 3478855 TI - [Effect of metronidazole on the index of hydrogen ion activity in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3478858 TI - [Effect of the structure of molar root canals on the quality of their obturation]. PMID- 3478857 TI - [Use of dimexide in treating deep caries and acute focal pulpitis]. PMID- 3478859 TI - [Potentials for the early differential diagnosis of chronic periodontitis using photoplethysmography]. PMID- 3478860 TI - [Microbiological characteristics of odontogenic phlegmons of the floor of the mouth, neck and mediastinum]. PMID- 3478861 TI - [Comparative characteristics of indices of body resistance in chronic traumatic and odontogenic mandibular osteomyelitis]. PMID- 3478863 TI - [Plastic closure of generalized soft-tissue defects of the head and neck with complex skin-muscle flaps]. PMID- 3478862 TI - [Anemias in phlegmons of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3478864 TI - [Method for treating patients with maxillary retrognathia following trauma by using measured distraction with an extraoral appliance]. PMID- 3478865 TI - [Diagnosis of neuritis (neuropathies) of the alveolar nerves]. PMID- 3478868 TI - [Clinical forms of parafunction of the masticatory muscles]. PMID- 3478866 TI - [Procedure for impact on the pathways of lymph outflow in cancer of the tongue]. PMID- 3478867 TI - [Introduction of laser surgical instruments and methods into oral medicine practice under the 12th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 3478870 TI - [A method in the measured conservative preparation of teeth for artificial crowns]. PMID- 3478871 TI - [Morphology of dentition in children with a frontal prognathic bite]. PMID- 3478869 TI - [Immediate and late results of using metal ceramic dentures in deep bite]. PMID- 3478872 TI - [Intestinal absorption in children with congenital cleft upper lip and palate]. PMID- 3478873 TI - [Role of the genetic factor in shaping the level of the antimicrobial activity of the blood and the occurrence of dental caries in children]. PMID- 3478874 TI - [Experience in treating children with odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaws]. PMID- 3478875 TI - [Incidence of dental caries and periodontal diseases based on survey data from 2 regions]. PMID- 3478877 TI - [Providing care to patients in anaphylactic shock in the dental polyclinic]. PMID- 3478876 TI - [Organizational bases of orthodontic dental care at home for disabled middle-aged and elderly persons]. PMID- 3478878 TI - [The health lesson as a form of student scientific research work in the dental department]. PMID- 3478879 TI - [Changes in the succinate and lactate dehydrogenase activities of the dental pulp during sensory denervation]. PMID- 3478880 TI - [The dental component of an integrated program for the prevention of noninfectious diseases]. PMID- 3478881 TI - Concomitant immunosuppressive and antibiotic therapy--reduction of cyclosporine A blood levels due to treatment with imipenem/cilastatin. PMID- 3478882 TI - Effect of cyclosporine A on post-ischemic acute renal failure in conscious dogs: role of vasoactive renal hormones. PMID- 3478883 TI - Role of class I and class II antigens in specific immunosuppression after transfusion of UV-irradiated blood. PMID- 3478884 TI - Poly I:C-induced modulation of class II antigen expression in different organs of the rat. PMID- 3478885 TI - Otalgia: the many causes. PMID- 3478886 TI - La Crosse water fluoridation initiative. PMID- 3478887 TI - A major bottom for the dollar? PMID- 3478888 TI - Selling your practice: legal considerations when transferring patient records. PMID- 3478890 TI - Selling your practice? PMID- 3478889 TI - Saliva, a brief review. PMID- 3478892 TI - Production of an immune suppressor factor by Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Culture fluids from Marek's disease (MD) lymphoblastoid cell lines have suppressive activity against normal and mitogen-stimulated chicken spleen and bursal cells and also against the homologous cell lines. Suppressive activity was also present in supernatants from spleen cells infected in vitro with MD virus. The suppressor factor from MD cell lines was non-sedimentable, trypsin sensitive, heat resistant and partially dialysable. Preliminary studies suggest it has a molecular weight of 20,000 daltons. Studies were also conducted on the effect of the prostaglandin inhibitors indomethacin and aspirin on the production and action of the suppressor factor. At low concentrations they have a stimulatory effect on the cell lines suggesting that they inhibit the effects of suppressor factor; however only small amounts of prostaglandin E2 were present in supernatants. Evidence was obtained that the suppressor factor may act indirectly by stimulating the production of prostaglandin by spleen cell cultures. The role of a suppressor factor in the immunosuppression observed in MD is discussed. PMID- 3478891 TI - Identification of inhibitory growth factors from a N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl]formamide-induced murine bladder cancer cell line. AB - The N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT)-induced murine bladder carcinoma cell line MBT-683 contains growth-stimulating (TGF) and growth inhibiting factors (GI). These activities coeluted on BioGel P-30 between molecular weights 6,000 and 29,000 daltons. They can be separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Both activities were destroyed by trypsin and dithiothreitol. However, they were resistant to acid and heat. Pool 1 (TGF) stimulated the growth of normal rat kidney cells, whereas pool 2 (GI) inhibited the colony formation of the cell lines MBT-683 and RBTCC-8. PMID- 3478893 TI - DNA sequences required for trans-activation of an immediate-early frog virus 3 gene. AB - A plasmid containing 78 bp of the promoter region of the immediate-early frog virus 3 (FV3) gene ICR 169 placed 5' to the coding sequences for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) can only be induced to synthesize CAT after transfection in the presence of FV3. To determine what DNA sequences in the promoter were required for virus-induced transcription, I used site-directed mutagenesis to construct deletions and point mutations throughout the promoter region. The mutant promoters were then analyzed for their ability to be induced by FV3. Deletion of 27 bp from the 5' end of the promoter had little effect on FV3 induced CAT synthesis. Although deletion of, and point mutations within, the 7-bp TATA-like box reduced CAT synthesis to 16-50% of that obtained with the wild-type promoter, only deletion of the 7-bp sequence caused a detectable shift of the transcription start site, indicating that the function of the AT-rich region is to position the RNA polymerase. The most significant reduction in CAT synthesis- to 1.5% of wild-type--occurred after deletion of the 23-bp immediately 5' to the TATTTTA box, which marks this 23-bp sequence as the critical cis-regulatory element for FV3 trans-activation. PMID- 3478894 TI - [Acute Ph1 positive lymphatic leukemia in adults]. PMID- 3478895 TI - [Thrombocyte functions in malignant blood diseases]. AB - Platelet aggregation with various inductors and platelet secretion were studied in chronic lymphoid leukemia, myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia and acute leukemia. It was established that disturbed aggregation with adrenaline and disturbed secretion are found more often in these malignant blood diseases. An interesting fact is that there is no correlation between the disturbed platelet functions in vitro and the clinical manifestations of disturbed hemostasis (hemorrhages or thrombosis). PMID- 3478896 TI - Primary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 3478897 TI - Physiologic profile and the critically ill patient. PMID- 3478898 TI - Mandatory AIDS testing--step in the wrong direction. PMID- 3478899 TI - Mandatory AIDS testing. Testing disruptive, not cost effective. PMID- 3478900 TI - Mandatory AIDS testing. False positive ELISA reactions will predominate. PMID- 3478901 TI - CNS drug sanctuary effect. Spinal cord metastasis in transitional cell carcinoma. PMID- 3478903 TI - Resistance to tort reform. PMID- 3478902 TI - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in South Central West Virginia. PMID- 3478904 TI - Economics and tort reform. PMID- 3478906 TI - AIDS approach criticized. PMID- 3478905 TI - State health department and AIDS. PMID- 3478907 TI - [Guidelines for updating magistral recipes used in dentistry]. PMID- 3478909 TI - [Occupational diseases in dentistry]. PMID- 3478908 TI - [Hygienic bacteriological studies in dental ambulatory care offices]. PMID- 3478911 TI - [The effect of regular toothbrushing on the dental health of schoolchildren]. PMID- 3478910 TI - [A preventive program in adolescent dentistry with objectives toward the year 2000]. PMID- 3478912 TI - [Safety of dental amalgam]. PMID- 3478913 TI - [Palatal grooves on the upper incisors and buccal grooves on the dental neck of the upper central incisors]. PMID- 3478914 TI - Effectiveness of nutritional rehabilitation units. PMID- 3478915 TI - The M of MCH. PMID- 3478916 TI - Neonatal care in perspective: results of neonatal care at Port Moresby. PMID- 3478918 TI - Focus on tropical paediatrics--the need for social action. PMID- 3478917 TI - A simple guide to management of club foot. PMID- 3478919 TI - Nutritional assessment in early childhood (newer perspectives). PMID- 3478920 TI - New approaches to the control of lymphatic filariasis using diethylcarbamazine. PMID- 3478921 TI - Multifactorial aetiology of anaemia of pregnancy in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3478922 TI - Impregnated bed nets for the control of filariasis transmitted by Anopheles punctulatus in rural Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3478923 TI - A report of scombroid fish poisoning from skipjack tuna (Kutsuwonus pelamis) at Tabubil, Western Province, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3478924 TI - Blindness in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3478925 TI - Village midwife training on the Huon Peninsula. PMID- 3478927 TI - A study of the health status of the Wapi people in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3478926 TI - Barefoot doctors and specialists: planning of postgraduate medical training and health care delivery in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3478928 TI - Health adults with hepatitis B antigen in the North Solomons. PMID- 3478929 TI - Mechanisms and prevention of decrease in wound margin strength in intestinal anastomoses and laparotomy wounds. AB - From the present investigation it can be summarized that breaking strength of an incisional wound, measured with the sutures in situ, decreased markedly early after the operation in all tissues investigated if the sutures were inserted 1.5 mm from the incision; that the decrease was also found if new sutures, placed between and substituting the old, were inserted before measuring breaking strength, indicating that the decrease in strength occurs all along the wound; that breaking strength did not decrease if the sutures were inserted 3 mm from the incision; that breaking strength decreased markedly in the wounds sutured under stretching, even if the sutures were inserted 4 mm from the incision; that collagen content and solubility, and the histological appearance of the submucosal collagen layer, were only insignificantly changed in the early period after the operation; that the decrease in breaking strength was eliminated in animals made neutropenic by anti-neutrophil serum; that the decrease in breaking strength was reduced, but not eliminated, by oxygen free radical scavengers; that the decrease in breaking strength was eliminated by a group-specific serine proteinase inhibitor and was reduced, but not eliminated, by proposed collagenase inhibitors; that the serine proteinase inhibitor and the oxygen free radical scavengers did not reduce the increase in myeoloperoxidase activity in the anastomotic segment and did not, at histological examination, reduce the accumulation of neutrophils there, and that the serine proteinase inhibitor did not impair the subsequent gain in breaking strength, measured after removal of the sutures, during the fibroplasia period. From these findings it can be concluded that there is a narrow zone of decrease in tissue strength adjacent to an incisional wound; that measurement of collagen content and solubility, and histology, are methods too crude to reveal the collagen changes that should be responsible for the decrease; that the neutrophils seem to be responsible for the decrease; that the mechanisms are probably a combined effect of neutral proteinases and oxygen free radicals, and that drug therapy modifying neutrophil function may be of value as prophylaxis against intestinal anastomotic dehiscence and burst abdomen. PMID- 3478930 TI - Mandibular dysfunction and periodontitis. A comparative study of patients with periodontal disease and occlusal parafunctions. AB - Fifty-one patients (mean age, 47.3 years) with moderate to severe periodontal disease and 40 patients (mean age, 48.9 years) with symptoms related to bruxism (occlusal parafunctions such as grinding and/or clenching of the teeth) were compared with regard to periodontal conditions and signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. The bruxists reported more symptoms of pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system than the periodontal patients. The clinical dysfunction index was significantly higher among the bruxists, while there was a similarity between the groups in the variation of occlusal conditions, except for occlusal wear, which was more pronounced in the bruxist group. Attrition was in general positively correlated to alveolar bone height. This correlation was stronger (and statistically significant) for the canines than for other teeth. Attrition was negatively correlated to tooth mobility. It is concluded that patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease and patients with bruxism/occlusal parafunctions are distinctly different with regard to signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. The results support the opinions that there is no or only weak correlation between periodontal disease and bruxism, and between bruxism and occlusal status. PMID- 3478931 TI - Evaluation of tissue response to dental alloys by subcutaneous implantation. AB - The tissue response of two low-gold alloys (Midas and Rajah), two silver palladium alloys (Albacast and Alba V), and one type III gold alloy (JSC) was studied after subcutaneous implantation of cylindrical implants in 24 guinea pigs. Casting of each alloy were inserted into polyethylene tubes and implanted by means of a standardized technique. Each animal received five implants representing the five alloys. The implants were left in place for 30 and 90 days. Microscopic evaluation of the implant sites showed that after 30 days the tissue reactions were slight to moderate, with only small differences between the alloys. After 90 days the reactions were slight to extreme. One of the silver palladium alloys (Alba V) demonstrated several severe and extreme reactions after 90 days. The other silver-palladium alloy (Albacast) demonstrated the least tissue response of the five alloys in the 90-day group. PMID- 3478932 TI - Effect of autonomic nerve stimulation on bleb formation in striated duct cells of the rat submandibular gland. AB - Several previous investigations have shown that blebs form on the apical surface of the striated duct cells of the rat submandibular gland on feeding after starvation. In the present report the influence of autonomic nerve stimulation on bleb formation was studied by electron microscopy. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation were performed, using electric nerve stimulation. In addition, sympathetic nerve stimulation in combination with alpha- or beta adrenergic blockers was used. Massive bleb formation took place in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. This response was almost completely abolished by the administration of alpha- but not by beta-adrenergic blocker. Bleb formation was not seen after parasympathetic nerve stimulation. PMID- 3478933 TI - Lead content of deciduous tooth enamel from a high-radon area. AB - Lead concentrations in the enamel of deciduous incisors of 49 6- to 7-year-old children living in Askola, a rural area in which the radon level is one of the highest in Finland, were determined by the proton-induced X-ray emission method. The absolute concentrations were obtained by calibration with the animal bone standard of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The mean lead concentration of 8.8 +/- 6.6 ppm of the whole enamel agreed well with the earlier corresponding lead data from other regions of Finland, indicating that no significant increase in the lead level of the teeth would have occurred because of radon decay. However, the lead concentration level measured on the tooth surface was somewhat higher in Askola, 232 +/- 141 ppm, than in the low-radon area Oulu (167 +/- 139 ppm; p less than 0.10). The lead concentration of the whole enamel of the upper incisors, 12.4 +/- 8.0 ppm, was twice as high as that of the lower incisors, 6.8 +/- 4.6 ppm (p less than 0.005), emphasizing the importance of classifying lead concentration data by tooth type. PMID- 3478934 TI - Effect of variations in sucrose consumption on salivary Lactobacillus count and sucrase activity in man. AB - Dental students (n = 31) with either high salivary lactobacillus count (greater than 10(4) CFU/ml) or high salivary sucrase activity (greater than or equal to 10 mumol/min X mg protein X 10(-3), or both, were selected to participate in this dietary experiment. For 2 weeks the students avoided sucrose in their diet. Stimulated saliva samples were collected before and after the diet. An additional follow-up sample was collected after 2 weeks of normal diet. The lactobacillus count of undiluted saliva was determined by the Dentocult dip-slide technique. The sucrase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the sucrose-cleaving activity of centrifuged saliva supernatant. Both the reduction in dietary sucrose and the return to normal diet caused a significant change in these values. PMID- 3478935 TI - Effects of tetracycline on human monocyte phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The phagocytosis and the spreading ability of cultured human monocytes were tested after administration of tetracycline (Tc) in vivo (14 days) and in vitro (24 h, 48 h, 72 h). As compared with untreated monocytes, in vivo medication had negligible effects on the cells' spreading ability and phagocytosis mediated via immune (Fc) and non-specific receptors. Addition of increasing concentrations of Tc in vitro (0-10 micrograms/ml), chosen to mimic in vivo therapeutic serum values, caused no statistically significant changes in the monocyte functions tested when all data were analyzed together. Regardless of Tc doses used, cultured monocytes showed maximum spreading and phagocytic activities after 48 h in vitro. Corresponding Tc exposure for 48 h in vitro had no effect on phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte thymidine incorporation. PMID- 3478936 TI - Effect of the use of rubber dam versus cotton rolls on marginal adaptation of composite resin fillings to acid-etched enamel. AB - The effect of the use of rubber dam and the use of cotton rolls on the marginal adaptation of composite resin fillings to acid-etched enamel was investigated in vivo. Each of 35 patients received one hybrid and one microfilled resin filling placed in front teeth under rubber dam and one hybrid and one microfilled resin filling placed with cotton rolls and saliva suction equipment as moisture control. Marginal adaptation was investigated, by means of SEM replica technique, 1 week and 1 year after insertion of the fillings. The similarity in marginal adaptation to the acid-etched margins of fillings made with or without rubber dam indicated that sufficient dryness in the supragingival area can be achieved under the conditions used in the present study. With both moisture control methods the hybrid resin fillings showed statistically significantly better marginal adaptation than the microfilled restorations, both after 1 week and after 1 year. The size and the volume of the marginal defects increased markedly for both filling materials at the 1-year examination compared with the 1-week registrations. PMID- 3478937 TI - Electrical activity in dental amalgam of submerged divers during welding. AB - Divers performing underwater manual metal arc welding/cutting (UMMA) have complained about a metallic taste phenomenon. In several dives with voluntary leakage in their diving suits, potential alterations in dental amalgam were registered when they performed UMMA. Polarization resistance values were obtained for the test amalgam cylinders used and the diver's dental restorations. These values, along with the recorded potential values of the amalgam test cylinders and of the diver's dental restorations, enabled us to calculate the depolarizing current, using the law of Ohm. The current depolarizing the amalgam test cylinder did not differ significantly from the mean intermetallic currents between the dental restorations. The clinical effect of intraoral currents when performing UMMA welding should be regarded as small, whereas considerably higher currents should not be ruled out in an intense cutting situation. PMID- 3478938 TI - Skin surface temperature over the temporomandibular and metacarpophalangeal joints in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Temperature measurements were made on the skin surface over the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in 71 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 52 individuals without general joint disease or symptoms. The recordings were performed with thermistors in contact with the skin. Symptoms in the stomatognathic system and general joint symptoms were investigated by a questionnaire. A clinical examination was performed of the stomatognathic system. In addition, a medical examination including clinical articular indices and laboratory tests was made. The skin surface temperature over the TMJ was generally lower for the individuals with RA than for the individuals without joint disease, whereas the opposite was found for the MCP joint. The most important determinants of skin surface temperature over the TMJ in RA were duration of TMJ symptoms, room temperature, tenderness to palpation of the masseter muscle, and rheumatoid factor. The results of this study indicate that there is a correlation between both symptoms and signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system and temperature of the skin surface overlying the TMJ and MCP joint in individuals with RA. PMID- 3478939 TI - Surface characteristics of posterior composites after polishing and toothbrushing. AB - The surface characteristics of eight posterior and two anterior composite resins were studied by SEM and profilometric tracings. The materials included both chemically cured and light-cured resin systems. Two posterior materials were microfilled composites; the others were conventional or hybrid types. The anterior composites were of conventional and hybrid types. At various steps in the procedures the following polishing/brushing treatments were evaluated: 1) dry polishing with Sof-lex discs followed by brushing with toothpaste; and 2) wet polishing with diamond pastes of increasing fineness, followed by brushing with toothpaste. The base line before the polishing/brushing procedures was obtained by wet polishing on silicon-carbide paper (4000 grit). All materials could be polished to a comparable smoothness by the Sof-lex discs, but this polishing procedure was associated with the development of an amorphous surface layer. Polishing with diamond pastes gave various results, with a 20-fold difference in surface roughness values from the smoothest to the roughest material. Toothbrushing after polishing with the Sof-lex system increased the surface roughness for all materials, but to various degrees. The two microfilled and four of the conventional posterior composites showed comparable surface roughness values, whereas two remaining posterior and the two anterior materials showed two to three times higher surface roughness values after toothbrushing. PMID- 3478940 TI - An index for evaluating wear of teeth. AB - An index for evaluation of dental wear based on Ryge's system comprising three satisfactory and two not acceptable categories was tested in two different age groups of individuals with brain damage. Group 1 consisted of 12 individuals, 3 women and 9 men, with a mean age of 34.5 years. Group 2 consisted of 13 individuals, 4 women and 9 men, with a mean age of 45.1 years. The wear was evaluated by three examiners, two dentists and one dental hygienist. The examiners worked independently, having available at all times the written criteria and a photographic guide illustrating the lowest limit of each category. Each tooth was given a rating in accordance with the index, and the interexaminer agreement of 612 such evaluations was approximately 85%. Each person was given an individual wear rating corresponding to the most severe category comprising 90% of the tooth ratings. The difference in the distribution of individual ratings between the two groups was tested for significance by the ridit method. Significantly greater wear was observed in group 2 than in group 1, indicating a good sensitivity of the index. PMID- 3478941 TI - Computed tomography of the petrous bone in otosclerosis and Meniere's disease. PMID- 3478942 TI - Forward-backward tracing tympanometry. AB - Two tympanograms were routinely recorded from each ear by altering the pressure in the external auditory meatus (EAM), first in the decreasing direction (Forward Tracing: TG-F) and next in the increasing direction (Backward Tracing: TG-B). In a normal ear the TG-F peak tended to be in the negative pressure area and that of the TG-B in the positive area. When the middle ear pressure was adjusted to the atmospheric pressure in a model, the TG-F peak always indicated a negative pressure and that of TG-B always showed a positive pressure value. As long as the same model was used, the magnitude of the difference of the two peaks was identical irrespective of the middle ear pressure, but it was influenced by the speed of EAM pressure change, and a linear increase was observed up to the speed of 70 mmH2O/s, both in the normal ear and in the model. In ears with pathology, considerable variation was noted in the magnitude of the peak shift. These findings seem to suggest that the peak location of a unidirectionally drawn tympanogram cannot be regarded as indicating the precise middle ear pressure. The middle ear pressure can be estimated more accurately by averaging the peak pressures of TG-F and TG-B of Forward-Backward Tracing Tympanogram. PMID- 3478943 TI - Correlation between morbid adenoid and atelectatic ear. AB - We observed the nasopharynx of 30 patients with atelectatic ears (AE), and 10 with healthy ear drums and mouth breathing by CT scan, to examine the relation between adenoid and otitis media. The adenoids of those with healthy ear drums were of the large posterior type with free space in the pharyngeal fossa, while those with AE were of the large anterior type in 18 patients and of the pendulous projection type over the choana in the other 12. The anatomical location of the adenoids should be considered when one discusses the relation between the adenoid and otitis media. The "Toynbee phenomenon", in the pendulous projection type and in the large anterior type of adenoid, was considered to be one of the etiological factors in AE. To understand the etiology of otitis media, it seems important to investigate the reason why the anterior projection of the adenoids occurs. PMID- 3478944 TI - CT scan findings in blue ear drum. AB - In 4 cases of typical blue ear drum, CT examination was performed before and after treatment of the disease. Comparison of the CT image with that of OME (otitis media with effusion) cases demonstrated the following. (1) In blue ear drum cases, an irregular mass with soft tissue density exists in the middle ear after the elimination of effusion. This distinguishes the disease from OME and demonstrated that the two can be distinctly differentiated by CT findings. (2) In blue ear drum cases, the mass having the density of soft tissue disappeared when the patients became free from symptoms. (3) The mass with soft tissue density in the middle ear cavity of blue ear drum varied in location from case to case seemed to represent cholesterol granuloma. PMID- 3478945 TI - Sensation of aural fullness and its treatment with an autonomic nerve blocking agent. AB - One hundred and eighteen patients (143 ears) complaining of a full sensation in the ear without any evidence of other ear diseases were selected for treatment with an autonomic nerve blocking agent and were analysed clinically. Females were extremely predominant in number, 79% of the cases. Sixty-five of 143 ears (45.4%) showed normal hearing and 54 ears (37.8%) had sensorineural hearing loss in low tone. Four mg of butropium bromide, Coliopan, an anti-cholinergic routinely used as an antispastic agent, was injected intravenously. Subsequently, the aural fullness diminished or disappeared in 72.7% (104/143) and 33.5% (48/143) was dramatically relieved within 30 min after the injection. Sensorineural hearing loss in low tone which was recognized in 57 ears in this series also improved remarkably in 57.9% (33/57). These results suggest a close relationship between the autonomic nervous system, aural fullness and sensorineural hearing loss in low tone. According to this study, we recommend anti-cholinergics as the treatment for patients, especially for women, complaining chiefly of aural fullness but with normal otoscopic findings and normal tympanogram, and with or without sensorineural hearing loss in low tone. PMID- 3478946 TI - A case-control study of nasal cancers. An occupational survey. AB - A case-control study on the possible association between nasal cancers (NC) and occupations was undertaken for 107 male patients with nasal or paranasal cancer and 413 patients with other otorhinolaryngological disease (controls) admitted during the past 10 years to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tohoku University Hospital. The controls were matched by sex, age, and time of admission. However, in the occupational groups surveyed, no evidence such as reported in England and other countries was obtained that could confirm the relationship between nasal/paranasal cancers and woodwork (especially furniture making). Although the relative risk of NC for farmers, foresters, carpenters and plasterers was found to be approximately 2, occupational exposure was hardly considered to be a likely cause. Instead, some common factors involved in the life style including dietary customs of people engaged in these occupations seemed to play a role in the increased relative risks. PMID- 3478947 TI - Time-related changes in cochlear potentials in guinea pigs with experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops. AB - In order to examine the changes in cochlear function occurring in hydropic ears over time, endolymphatic hydrops was provoked by obliterating the endolymphatic sac in 62 albino guinea pigs. Cochlear potentials (EP, CM, SP and AP) were recorded in the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 12th postoperative weeks, respectively. A significant reduction in the level of EP was already observed in the 2nd week and the potential was further suppressed by the 4th week. There was no significant difference between the levels of the 4th and 12th weeks. The amplitudes of CM and AP decreased progressively as time elapsed after the surgery. In sharp contrast to the other potentials, the abnormality in SP was most frequently observed in the 1st week. These results are discussed in the light of the available literature. PMID- 3478948 TI - Effect of hypothermia on the cochlear potentials. AB - The effects of hypothermia upon the cochlear potentials were studied in 30 guinea pigs. Particular attention was paid to the transient increase in AP amplitude at a moderate temperature. CM and AP were recorded via an Ag-AgCl lead placed on the round window membrane. Although the CM amplitude and threshold, and the AP latency and threshold were both impaired concomitant with the lowering of body temperature, the AP amplitude exhibited a transient increase at the beginning of cooling (peak at 30 degrees C) and a decrease thereafter. Narrow-band analysis of AP revealed that this phenomenon was most prominent in the high-frequency region. When the cochlear efferent fibers (crossed and uncrossed olivocochlear bundle) were cut, this transient increase in AP amplitude disappeared. This phenomenon seems to be due to the difference in sensitivity to hypothermia between the efferent and afferent fiber systems. PMID- 3478949 TI - Cochlear potentials of guinea pigs with experimentally induced renal failure. AB - In order to investigate the relationship between renal failure and hearing loss, the authors made a guinea pig model with experimentally induced renal failure and examined cochlear potentials (N1, CM and EP). When renal damage was greater, the amplitudes of N1 and CM were decreased and the latency of N1 was prolonged, but EP was within normal range. The sensory cells of the cochlea were considered responsible for the hearing loss in the guinea pig model. No pathological alterations of the cochlea were revealed by a light microscopy. It is suggested that the etiology of the hearing loss was due mainly to metabolic disturbances such as uremic toxins, electrolyte imbalance or endocrine abnormalities. PMID- 3478950 TI - Effect of iodoacetic acid upon cochlear potentials. AB - Lotz et al. reported that perilymphatic application of 5 X 10(-3) M iodoacetic acid (IAA) in the guinea pig does not influence the first-order cochlear microphonics (CM1) under aerobic conditions. However, in ischemia the rate of decline of the second-order microphonics (CM II, also called postmortem CM) was significantly increased by IAA. The authors concluded that glycolysis plays no role in maintaining the CMI, but that it is responsible for supporting the CMII. In carefully controlled experiments we found that in the respiring guinea pig, perilymphatic application of 5 X 10(-3) M IAA produced a rapid and pronounced effect upon both the endolymphatic potential and the CM. In particular, the CM dropped to less than 0.5% of its initial level within 40 min, due to IAA, whereas it took 120 min to drop to the same level in total ischemia (without IAA). We therefore reject the above-mentioned proposition that IAA is ineffective upon cochlear potentials under aerobic conditions; moreover, we find that even under aerobic conditions, the CM drops well below the usual CM II level substantially faster than under anaerobic conditions (without IAA). Other important findings, including an anoxia-sensitive negative component of the endolymphatic potential due to severe intoxication with IAA, and the effects of pretreatment of the organ of Corti with low concentrations of IAA upon the CM II are discussed. PMID- 3478951 TI - The value of 'Trapezoid Rotation Test' by Contraves computerized rotary chair system. AB - Trapezoid Rotation Tests using the Contraves computerized rotary chair system were performed in 60 normal subjects and 213 patients with peripheral vestibular disorder. In normal subjects, directional preponderance was not observed. The so called 'response decline phenomenon' by repeating the tests was not detected and the test results showed good reproducibility. On the other hand, the test results of patients were variable, in close relationship with the state of vertigo, and reflected patient's labyrinthine pathology so accurately that the inspection of the treatment course was possible by this testing system. PMID- 3478953 TI - Serial section reconstruction of the guinea pig outer hair cells as studied with a high-voltage electron microscope and a computer-graphic display. AB - The fine structural arrangement of the nerve endings on the guinea pig outer hair cells (OHCs) was studied by a serial sectioning technique by means of a high voltage electron microscope and computer-graphic three-dimensional reconstruction. Sixty-nine series of consecutive sections were observed. Fifteen OHCs were located about 0.5 mm from the basal end (hook portion of basal turn) and 4 OHCs were seen at 6.0 mm, 20 OHCs at 8.0 mm (basal turn), 13 at 12.8 mm (second turn), 8 at 14.8 mm, 7 OHCs at 15.9 mm (third turn), and 2 OHCs at 17.5 mm (apical turn). Of 69 OHCs, 31 cells were from the first row, 22 from the second and 16 from the third row. The total number of nerve terminals on each OHC varied between 5 and 36. The OHCs with the least number of terminals were found in the hook portion, while the OHCs with the most numerous innervation were observed in the third row of the upper third turn. The afferent/efferent ratio (A/E ratio) of each OHC was evaluated and the OHCs were divided into two groups: Type A and Type B, depending upon the range of the A/E ratio. Thirty-five OHCs (50.7%) out of 69 were identified as being type A with an A/E ratio range of 0.5 1.5, while the remaining 34 OHCs (49.3%) were Type B cells with a greater A/E ratio than Type A cells. The detailed distribution of both types of cells was also studied along the entire length of the basilar membrane. PMID- 3478952 TI - The effect of vitamin D deficiency on the cochlear potentials and the perilymphatic ionized calcium concentration of rats. AB - Sensorineural hearing loss has been frequently reported in patients with renal failure but its etiology has not yet been established. Disturbance of Ca metabolism is present in renal failure and seems to cause hearing loss. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the disturbance of Ca metabolism has any effect on cochlear function. The cochlear potentials were measured in 19 rats fed with a vitamin D deficient diet. The pathological findings showed prolongation of N1 latency with unchanged N1 amplitude and pseudothreshold, depression of CM amplitude and elevation of the CM pseudothreshold. The latencies of narrow-band APs were prolonged in the entire cochlear partition. Ca2+ concentration in perilymph was 3.2 X 10(-4) M (n = 4) in vitamin D deficient rats and 7.4 X 10(-4) M (n = 4) in the controls. These findings were milder than those obtained in surgically induced renal failure. It was concluded that although vitamin D deficiency is one cause of hearing loss in renal failure, other major factors must be involved. The authors postulate that hearing loss in vitamin D deficiency is mainly attributable to the depression of the Ca2+ concentration in perilymph. PMID- 3478954 TI - Sound perception in the ultrasonic region. AB - The mechanism of ultrasonic perception was investigated electrocochleographically in guinea pigs (1) to compare AP responses in normal animals with those in kanamycin-poisoned animals with a damaged outer hair cell system; (2) and to analyse the masking property of continuous ultrasonic sound upon the AP evoked by burst stimuli within the auditory field. The study revealed several facts indicating the breakdown of cochlear sharp frequency analysis in the transduction of ultrasonic sound. We concluded that the sound perception in the ultrasonic region could be performed by the inner hair cell system without any enhancement or modulation of the outer hair cell system, which was regarded as an important process in a recent model of cochlear micromechanics. PMID- 3478955 TI - Biological property of immune complex to prolong the duration of otitis media with effusion. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the biological properties of a light molecular weight immune complex, in comparison with that of a heavy molecular weight immune complex. Soluble immune complexes were obtained by mixing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with guinea pig antiserum to HRP and were divided by gel filtration into several fractions according to their molecular weight (MW). After the chemotactic activity of each fraction was examined in vitro, the lightest and the heaviest MW immune complexes were injected into a guinea pig's left and right superior bulla, respectively. Although a middle ear effusion developed in both the bulla, the histopathological feature of an experimentally induced otitis media with effusion varied with the MW of the injected immune complex. The light MW immune complex proved to be a stronger inducer for a macrophage than the heavy MW immune complex, both in vitro and in vivo, and to have a tendency to persist longer in the tympanic cavity than the heavy MW immune complex. These results suggested that otitis media had a tendency to persist when a light MW immune complex was formed in a middle ear. The light MW immune complex was suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 3478957 TI - Selected pathological findings in the human cochlea. AB - Out of a material of 45 patients with known audiograms where the inner ears had been fixed with an aldehyde within 7 h after death, 4 cases were chosen for detailed morphological examination. The general findings in the ageing human cochlea are presented as well as the findings in the 4 specific cases. PMID- 3478956 TI - Ultrastructural pathology of the middle ear mucosa in otitis media with effusion. AB - To elucidate the histopathological features of the middle ear mucosa in otitis media with effusion (OME), 33 specimens were obtained from OME patients (28 from children and 5 from adults) at the time of the ventilation tube insertion, and examined by light- and electron-microscopy. The mucosa from both pediatric and adult OME patients with glue effusion consisted mostly of non-ciliated cells containing numerous low electron-dense granules with or without a core, and many macroapocrine sections were observed on the apical surface of the cells. The mucosa with mucoid effusion showed various secretory activity, but macroapocrine secretions were rarely found. The intercellular space was intact and the junctional complex was well preserved. In serous otitis cases, the epithelia consisted mostly of cuboid ciliated cells and non-ciliated cells without definite secretory activity. But the intercellular space became widened and the junctional complex was occasionally damaged, indicating that the epithelium was quite permeable. We concluded that there was no significant histopathological difference between the OME mucosa of children and that of adults, although the nature of the effusion was closely correlated with the morphological features of the epithelial linings. PMID- 3478958 TI - Hair cell distributions in the normal human cochlea. A report of a European working group. AB - Cochlear hair cell counts from individuals who had clinically normal hearing prior to their death have been plotted for various age bands as a function of the number of hair cells per millimetre against their position in the cochlea. Position has been expressed as the distance of that observation of hair cell density from the base of the cochlea, divided by the total length of the cochlea, thereby giving a proportional representation of the cochlea in the range of 0.0 to 1.0 with 20 subdivisions of 0.05. There is an age-related decrease in the number of hair cells in the normal population, and this is more marked for the outer hair cells. PMID- 3478959 TI - Methodological aspects of quantitative study of spiral ganglion cells. AB - The literature contains little numerical information on the population of spiral ganglion cells from normal-hearing adults. We present a method for quantitative analysis of spiral ganglion cells. We used not only the total counts of the neurons but also divided the spiral ganglion into four segments as described by Otte et al. Nine perilymphatic perfused temporal bones from 5 adult patients with normal hearing for age were examined. The largest population of spiral ganglion cells was always in segment II and fewest in segment I. There is no correlation between the total count and the length of the cochlea. PMID- 3478960 TI - Surface aspects of the developing human organ of Corti. AB - Thirteen cochleas from human fetuses ranging in age from week 9 to week 22 were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The classical 'base-to-apex' and 'internal-to-external' gradients of maturation were confirmed by surface observations of the developing organ of Corti. The tectorial membrane begins to be secreted around week 9, i.e. 2 weeks before the onset of the ciliogenesis. Its structure appears to be first amorphous and then fibrillar. The surface of the organ of Corti looks mature around week 22, but, in fact, its complete maturation, especially at outer hair cell level, probably occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 3478961 TI - Myelination of the human spiral ganglion. AB - Temporal bones from adolescents and adults with healthy ears were fixed immediately after death with glutaraldehyde and processed for the electron microscopic examination without decalcification. No myelinated ganglion cells could be identified by light microscopy. Electron microscopically, we did not find any myelinated ganglion cells in the region of the spiral ganglion of 4 neonatal infants. In the temporal bones of 6 young adults (aged between 18 and 25 years), 0.3% to 0.5% of all ganglion cells were enveloped in a loose myelin coat. The spiral ganglion of two temporal bones from elderly persons (aged 61 and 63 years) contained up to 2% ganglion cells with a thin but regular myelination (up to five myelin layers). Large ganglion cells (type I) are situated in the centre of the ganglion cell complex with a palisade arrangement. Small ganglion cells (type II) are found almost exclusively in the periphery of the ganglion cell complex. There is no difference in the frequency of myelination of large and small ganglion cells. The small ganglion cells amount to about 3% of the entire ganglion cell population. Since myelination is to be observed more frequently in elderly people than in adolescents or neonates, it is possible that myelination of ganglion cells of the spiral ganglion does not play an important physiological role in humans. PMID- 3478963 TI - The decrease of erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in depressed patients and its diagnostic significance. AB - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity was measured in normal and depressed populations before specific medication. In the groups of patients, anxiety and depression scores were evaluated by the AMDP rating scale. The authors found lower enzyme activity in patients with major depression, recurrent and bipolar disorder, depressed, but no change was found in dysthymic disorder when compared to control values. However, there was no relationship between COMT activity and age, anxiety and depression scores of patients. Furthermore, the subdivision into two subpopulations, one with normal COMT activity and another with lower COMT activity, did not make it possible to assign a role to the enzyme in the severity of depression. The enzyme could, however, be considered as a genetic marker of depressive vulnerability. PMID- 3478962 TI - The effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on motility of the sheep ureter. AB - To determine the effect of prostaglandin-synthesis inhibition on ureteral motility, isolated rings of sheep ureters were suspended for recording isometric tension in organ baths filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin and diclofenac sodium (10(-5) M) inhibited rhythmic ureteral motility by reducing frequency, amplitude and finally stopping contractions. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were determined by radioimmunoassay in the bathing solution before and after addition of NSAIDs. Peak contractile activity at 100 min of suspension was associated with increased concentration of all three prostanoids and 50 min after addition of indomethacin and diclofenac sodium when rhythmic contractions stopped, concentration dropped to low levels. The concentration of prostaglandins released into the organ bath were not quantitatively related to the frequency of contractions and therefore do not seem to affect pacemaker activity within ureteral smooth muscle but rather intercellular recruitment of myo-genically active fibres. These findings indicate that prostaglandins play a role in the motor control of the ureter, and that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert an inhibitory action. PMID- 3478964 TI - Panic disorder. Proceedings of a symposium. Gothenburg, Sweden, September 18-19, 1986. PMID- 3478965 TI - The Third International Magnus Huss Symposium. Alcohol, brain damage and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3478966 TI - Reversibility of alcohol-related brain damage: clinical and experimental observations. AB - Chronic alcoholics who maintain abstinence often demonstrate remarkable improvement of neurological and mental dysfunction. This paper presents an overview of the clinical and laboratory work of our group. Reversible clinical manifestations include psychometric scores, ataxia, tremor, Parkinsonism, dyskinesia, cerebral atrophy, EEG parameters, and a CSF acidosis. Electrophysiological investigations showed that in the in vitro hippocampus of rats fed ethanol for several months there was evidence for diminished long-term potentiation, impaired neuronal inhibitory mechanisms (diminished inhibitory post synaptic potentials and post-spike after hyperpolarisations), decreased neuronal specific membrane capacitance and increased specific membrane resistance. Golgi stains showed attenuation of hippocampal CA1 neuronal dendrites in rats fed ethanol for five months, which reverted to control size in rats permitted two months of alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 3478967 TI - Is CT scan a valid indicator of brain atrophy in alcoholism? AB - The effect of ingesting varying quantities of alcohol upon the structure and function of the brain was studied using CT scan and psychometric testing. Nutritional status was also assessed. Alcoholics, heavy, moderate and light social drinkers were examined and their results compared with a normal control series. It was concluded that a daily consumption of more than 40 grams alcohol per day, "the safe level" results in brain damage. The latter may partially reverse with abstinence and having reversed maintain improvement, even though patients then resume drinking at the "safe level". The role of thiamin in brain function is still unclear. PMID- 3478969 TI - Brain lesions in alcoholics: neuropathological observations. AB - Examination of the autopsy material from a city hospital in Oslo gave the following results: 1. The brain weight of male alcoholics was significantly lower than that of age-matched controls in all 10-year age groups from 40 to 69 years. The mean weight reduction was 31 g. 2. Combined morphometric and histologic studies demonstrated atrophy of the anterior vermis in 42 per cent of all male alcoholics under 70 years of age. In cases over 70 years, 33 per cent of the non alcoholic controls showed atrophy of the anterior vermis. This is assumed to be a consequence of physiologic ageing. The prevalence of alcoholic cerebellar atrophy could therefore not be determined in this age group. 3. Wernicke's encephalopathy was found in 12.5 per cent of all alcoholics and in 0.8 per cent of all autopsies. One third of the Wernicke cases had acute and subacute lesions while two thirds were chronic. Most of the acute lesions were widespread and severe. The chronic lesions were more restricted but showed great variations in extent and severity within the affected areas. There were corresponding variations in the severity of the clinical symptoms. PMID- 3478968 TI - Intellectual impairment in alcoholics: persistent issues. AB - Intellectual impairment in sober intermediate stage alcoholics has been well established. However, a number of persistent issues remain to be explored. Three of the most important concern 1) variability in cognitive-perceptual functioning in samples of alcoholics, 2) differential vulnerability of cognitive-perceptual functions to alcohol abuse and 3) the relationship of cognitive-perceptual impairment to treatment behaviour and benefit. Consideration of these issues resulted in the following conclusions. There is a substantial minority of alcoholics who do not manifest impairment on any given cognitive test. Variability of findings with different samples of alcoholics may be, in part, a function of family history of alcoholism and/or severity of alcoholism. Verbal and rote learning functions are less sensitive to alcohol abuse than non-verbal, or complex verbal, abstracting/problem-solving skills. Alcoholics' impersonal and interpersonal problem-solving abilities are both impaired but appear to be uncorrelated. Impairment in cognitive-perceptual functioning in alcoholics does predict therapists' ratings of treatment behaviour and benefit. PMID- 3478970 TI - Brain damage in alcoholism: current concepts. AB - Current views concerning the brain damage occasioned by alcohol abuse are reviewed. Diffuse cerebral changes appear to be common and partially reversible with prolonged abstinence. The possible determinants of such changes, and their relevance to functional deficits are discussed, with illustrations from work currently proceeding at the Institute of Psychiatry. Possible interactions between cortical and subcortical pathologies in contributing to the cognitive deficits shown by alcoholic patients are emphasised. PMID- 3478971 TI - Nutrition and alcoholic encephalopathies. AB - An assessment has been made of metabolic factors possibly causing or contributing to the brain damage associated with chronic alcoholism, especially thiamin lack or disturbance of amino acid metabolism. Abnormalities in the thiamin-dependent enzyme, transketolase, provide evidence of a high incidence of thiamin deficiency as well as of disturbed thiamin metabolism in chronic alcoholics, which are likely to be caused by reduced vitamin intake as well as impaired absorption. A grossly disturbed pattern of amino acids in the blood of patients undergoing treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndromes is likely to be caused by loss of hepatic function and may well aggravate brain damage caused by B group vitamin deficiency. A hypothesis is proposed of how chronic thiamin lack can lead to brain damage. PMID- 3478972 TI - Can brain lesions occur in experimental animals by administration of ethanol or acetaldehyde? AB - In a series of experimental studies involving ethanol vapour administration to rats, sustained blood alcohol levels in the range 89-115 mM for nine hours of each day over a two week period did not lead to neural degeneration detactable with either light or electron microscopy. A single nine hours exposure to ethanol and disulfiram giving rise to 20-41 mM alcohol and 52-76 microM acetaldehyde in the blood did lead to degeneration; and that with repeated exposures of this later type, the damage was found to be accumulative. The lowest levels of blood acetaldehyde which led to neural degeneration in the present study were not distant from clinically observed levels. PMID- 3478973 TI - The roles of alcohol in the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases. AB - Alcohol, both alone and in concert with deficiencies or excesses of other substances, can produce cardiomyopathy. In addition, alcohol can directly affect the cardiac conduction system and produce arrhythmias. Alcohol also affects known risk factors for stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD). Alcohol increases blood pressure, which may lead to hypertension and thus increase the risk of stroke. HDL cholesterol, which is inversely related to CHD risk, increases with alcohol, and LDL cholesterol, which is positively related to CHD risk, may decrease with alcohol, a potentially dually protective effect. However, both case-control and population based studies indicate only moderate levels of consumption, defined as two drinks per day or less, may be of benefit. Preliminary data from the Lipid Research Clinics Follow-up Study suggest that the beneficial effect of moderate amounts of alcohol may be mediated in part by increased HDL cholesterol and in part by another factor, possibly reduced coagulation. Clinical and laboratory data, in addition to epidemiologic data, suggest alcohol intake above two drinks per day leads to excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), probably reflecting hypercoagulability as well as hypertension at higher levels of intake. Because alcohol can lead to excess morbidity and mortality from CVD as well as several other diseases and conditions, public health policy should continue to discourage the drinking of alcohol, especially non-moderate consumption. PMID- 3478974 TI - Alcoholic registration and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality--a prospective study in middle aged Swedish men. AB - The consequences of alcoholic intemperance and economic problems on CHD mortality and morbidity were studied among the participants in a large primary preventive trial. Official register data were used. Subjects registered with the Board of Social Welfare were categorised with respect to increasing load of alcoholic intemperance. Non-fatal CHD was not related to alcoholic problems. Fatal CHD, on the other hand, was strongly associated with registration for intemperance. This was especially pronounced for cases dying suddenly from CHD. A multivariate analysis was performed, controlling for smoking, systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol, which showed that the association between intemperance and fatal CHD was independent of these factors. PMID- 3478975 TI - Intrathecal application of baclofen in the treatment of spasticity. AB - Baclofen, a derivative of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been known for many years to be a useful drug in the treatment of spinal spasticity. However, when the spasticity is severe, the systemic administration has to be increased, often without therapeutic effects but frequently with central side-effects. Baclofen given intrathecally however, in microgram doses has been previously reported to be effective and safe. A personal experience is reported of 9 severely spastic patients residing in chronic care facilities who were treated from July 1984 to March 1986 with intrathecal baclofen. The spasticity was causing significant nursing care problems, and 6 patients were reduced to a completely bedridden state. Each patient initially received a percutaneous intrathecal drug injection of 0.2-0.7 mg of baclofen to test its efficacy. A subcutaneous intrathecal system for further injections was placed in 6 patients. In 3 patients a decreased level of consciousness was observed. In the 3 cases of multiple sclerosis, intrathecal baclofen resulted in significant reduction of spasticity for 24 to 48 hours after each injection. The spasticity was improved in only one of the 2 cases of posttraumatic paraplegia. The effect was not convincing in the 2 cases of spinal cord tumour, and in the case of cerebral palsy the effect was improvement in spasticity, but also significant drowsiness. Baclofen, in comparison with some other drugs such as morphine or midazolam, also tried intrathecally by the authors, is the most effective in reducing spasticity. Its use however warrants caution, for it can cause decreased consciousness, and there is currently no antagonist. PMID- 3478976 TI - The treatment of hemifacial spasm with percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the facial nerve. AB - The authors present their first results with the treatment of hemifacial spasm by controlled percutaneous thermocoagulation of the facial nerve. Seven patients have been treated to date with good immediate results on the movements, although a slight paresis of the homolateral facial musculature, aesthetically acceptable, persists after treatment. A long-term follow-up at more than 10 months was achieved in only 3 patients, who showed a complete regression of the spasm with partial disappearance of the facial hemiparesis. PMID- 3478978 TI - Investigation of trigeminal SEP with scalp and deep electrodes. AB - A special technique for stimulating and recording trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is described. Eleven healthy subjects and seven patients with chronically implanted deep electrodes have been investigated. Characteristic polyphasic waves were repeatedly observed. The recording of somatosensory evoked potential following trigeminal stimulation is a more difficult technique. This paper describes data in control subjects with scalp electrodes and data on patients with electrodes in the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis and cortical white matter. Depth recording may provide useful information about the origin, nature, and properties of trigeminal SEP. PMID- 3478977 TI - Tractotomy and partial vertical nucleotomy--for treatment of special forms of trigeminal neuralgia and cancer pain of face and neck. AB - The therapy of face and neck pain has often been elusive. We attempted to improve the condition of these patients and tried to influence 1. pain of trigeminal neuralgia, where other forms of therapy had failed, 2. pain due to tumours in the distribution of the Vth, IXth and Xth nerve, when all other methods had proved to be unsuccessful, 3. pain due to a traumatic lesion of the Vth nerve after severe injury of the face and 4. pain in the first division of the Vth nerve after herpes zoster infection, when other forms of therapy had failed. After tractotomy the subnucleus caudalis n.V. is partially destroyed. Aim of the partial vertical nucleotomy is the interruption between the first and second neuron of the Vth nerve conveying pain and thermal sensibility, but also of the IXth and Xth nerve, which end in the subnucleus caudalis n.V. as well. Tactile and some thermal sensibility in the face is so retained, and anesthesia dolorosa or keratitis neuroparalytica avoided. Medially of and vertically to the tractotomy a 4-6 mm long incision both cranially and caudally of the tractotomy was made. For the first division of the Vth nerve the nucleotomy is performed on the lateral end of the tractotomy incision. In the patients with cancer of the face and neck a rhizotomy C 1/2 was added. 7 of the 12 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 3 of the 6 patients with tumors of the face and neck were pain-free. The rest also showed a marked improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3478980 TI - Short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials--direct recording from the human midbrain and thalamus. AB - Short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the human thalamus and the midbrain during stereotactic operations. Several subcomponents were recognized on the peak of N18. These were recorded with maximal amplitude at the border between the caudal portion of the thalamus and the rostral midbrain. Two positive-negative responses, not previously shown, were observed between P14 and N18. These responses were prominent in the rostral midbrain. These findings indicate that the ascending phase of N18, and the N18 itself, are the compound potential generated in the mesodiencephalic junction. PMID- 3478979 TI - Continuous intraventricular morphine- or peptide-infusion for intractable cancer pain. AB - The continuous intraventricular administration of small daily doses of morphine by means of an implantable pump is an effective method of obtaining considerable pain reduction for patients suffering from otherwise untractable carcinoma pain. We consider this method of treatment to be an excellent alternative to the epidural and intrathecal application. Particularly in cases with obstruction of the spinal canal or in cases suffering from untractable pain in the face, neck or upper thoracic area. During the period of treatment, none of the patients involved in the study developed tolerance to morphine or specific opiate side effects. The programmable pump allows precise dosage which is adjusted to the requirements of the individual patient. The high cost of a pump is a justifyable investment in patients in good general condition with a life expectancy longer than 3 months. In most cases the patient may be cared for at home, making further hospitalization unnecessary. PMID- 3478981 TI - Shape-factor intensity analyses of brain slices in surgery for epilepsy. AB - A special shape-factor intensity (SFI) quantification method for analysing of macro- and microrecordings of brain activity during surgery for epilepsy is illustrated. Comparative analyses show that epileptic activity may be characterized as different from normal brain activity by both macro-and microtechniques. The possible advantages of brain slice technique in comparison with direct peroperative microrecording are discussed; absence of artifacts from respiratory and pulsatory movements of the brain is stressed. The slice technique cannot be advocated for routine use in epilepsy surgery as it requires advanced neurophysiological knowledge. PMID- 3478982 TI - Transformation modes in computerized human thalamic brain mapping. AB - An exact transfer of data intraoperatively gathered in thalamic nuclei to an anatomical atlas requires an efficient mathematical transformation mode. Three different kinds of transformation modes were analyzed: First, the AC PC distance was used as a parameter to correlate data with the atlas coordinate system. Second, the influence of the patients 3rd ventricle widths on the transformation procedure. Third, a transformation mode was performed based on "noise"-data, registered when the electrode penetrated patient's thalamus. This method was also used to combine the atlas and CT images. PMID- 3478983 TI - Stretch reflexes and parkinsonian tremor. AB - By coupling human limbs to a machine, which drives a single joint through sinusoidal flexion-extension movements, it is often possible to entrain the resting tremor of Parkinson's disease. Entrainment is most likely to occur when the imposed movement is large in amplitude and close in frequency to the spontaneous tremor. PMID- 3478984 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of functional anatomy of human ventrolateral thalamus. AB - A three-dimensional map was created by a computer-assisted analysis of functional and somatotopic organization of the target area in the human ventrolateral thalamus. Stimulation in the target area mostly elicited increased tone in skeletal muscles, with a concomitant decrease or stop of tremor. Despite averaging of all responses, no clear somatotopic organization could be demonstrated for the tonifying stimulation effects. In addition, somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded, indicating an afferent projection to the target area. PMID- 3478986 TI - Severity in movement disorders: a quantitative approach. AB - A method for quantitative assessment of severity of movement disorders using video recordings and computer analysis is presented. It allows quantified comparison of pre- and post-treatment conditions. PMID- 3478987 TI - EMG investigations in patients with torticollis. AB - EMGs have been performed on patients suffering from organic torticollis, hysterical torticollis and on normal control subjects. The EMG activity of the sternomastoid muscles during head rotation in control subjects and those with hysterical torticollis showed similar characteristics and neither group showed a response to body tilt. Subjects suffering from organic torticollis, however, did show a response to tilt. The results suggest that the response to backward tilt might aid in distinguishing the organic and hysterical forms of torticollis. PMID- 3478985 TI - Thalamotomy for movement disorders: a critical appraisal. AB - Symptomatic and functional assessments have been made on a number of patients with a variety of involuntary movement disorders. Difficulties of assessment and their relevance to outcome are discussed. Almost all groups showed a substantial symptomatic improvement but functional improvement was less pronounced. PMID- 3478988 TI - The Foerster-Dandy operation for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. AB - The short-term results of the Foerster-Dandy operation in 9 patients with spasmodic torticollis had been studied retrospectively. A good result was obtained for dyskinetic movement, but less for head tilt. Neck pains improved in 4 patients, but developed in 2 other patients postoperatively. Limitation of neck motility and abduction of the arms was seen in all patients. One patient died following a cerebral sinus thrombosis. Other surgical procedures are discussed and the results of studies of anterior rhizotomy are compared. The Foerster-Dandy procedure is indicated for severe disability or pain of more than 2 years duration not responding to other treatments. PMID- 3478989 TI - Spasticity: from pathophysiology to therapy. AB - To be a fully effective, a treatment against spasticity has to match as closely as possible the major pathophysiological disorders responsible for increased tone and hyperreflexia. It is possible to analyze those existing at the spinal cord level by techniques of clinical neurophysiology. Among the functional modifications, increased excitability of alpha motoneurones, reduction in presynaptic inhibition and changes in interneuronal excitability are the most clearly documented. In fact, spasticity results from a combination in various proportions of these different pathophysiological troubles. As the myorelaxants have a specific mode of action, drug selected should be me which is the more able to correct the predominant trouble; this latter can easily be known by clinical neurophysiologic analysis. PMID- 3478990 TI - Percutaneous selective RF neurotomy in spasticity. AB - Percutaneous selective radiofrequency (RF) neurotomy is described in the treatment of spasticity dominant in femoral adductor and gastrocnemius muscles. The effectiveness of neurotomy has been tested by means of infiltration of nerves with local anesthetic agents before neurotomy in one case. A temperature monitoring needle electrode system with 5 mm noninsulated tip has been used for localization of the nerves by stimulation. Percutaneous obturator neurotomy was performed in the most proximal portion accessible. Posterior tibial neurotomy was performed in two branches of the nerve which innervates the medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius. Four lesions lasting 60 seconds were made in four different directions between 65 degrees and 70 degrees. PMID- 3478991 TI - Microsurgical selective posterior rhizotomy in the dorsal root entry zone for treatment of limb spasticity. AB - SPR in the DREZ, which was introduced in 1972 by the senior author on the bases of anatomical studies in humans, selectively interrupts the (lateral) nociceptive and the (central) myotatic fibers, while sparing the (medial) lemniscal fibers. In addition it enhances the inhibitory mechanisms of the Lissauer's tract and dorsal horn. The procedure was effective--with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 14 years--in 93% of the paraplegic patients with flexion-adduction postures (50 cases) or severe hyperextension (3 cases) and in 89% of the hemiplegic patients with irreducible flexion of the upper extremity (23 cases) or lower limb (5 cases). PMID- 3478992 TI - Endotoxin protection against pulmonary oxygen toxicity and plasma prostaglandin levels in the rat. AB - Exposure of rats to high concentrations of oxygen (greater than 95%) at 1 ATA pressure (101 kPa) is lethal within three days. Rats treated with a small dose of endotoxin are protected against these lethal effects of hyperoxia. Recently, we found that the lysine salt of acetylsalicylic acid antagonises this protective action of endotoxin. This suggests that prostaglandin metabolism plays an important role in the protective action of endotoxin against pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Therefore, we measured the plasma levels of 6KPGF1 alpha, a stable degradation product of prostacyclin (PGI2), PGE2 and thromboxane B2, the stable degradation product of thromboxane A2, in rats exposed to air or greater than 95% oxygen for 48 hours. We compared these with the plasma levels of rats treated with endotoxin (Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide 1 mg/kg) and exposed to air or greater than 95% oxygen for 48 hours. We found that exposure of rats to greater than 95% oxygen for 48 hours leads to a significant rise in the 6KPGF1 alpha levels. Rats exposed to greater than 95% oxygen for 48 hours and treated with endotoxin had significantly higher PGE2 and significantly lower 6KPGF1 alpha plasma levels than saline-treated rats exposed to greater than 95% oxygen for 48 hours. PMID- 3478993 TI - PAF, platelets and asthma. Proceedings of a meeting. September 7-9, 1986. PMID- 3478994 TI - Platelet abnormalities in asthma--do they exist in humans? PMID- 3478995 TI - Lack of PAF release in extrinsic asthma. PMID- 3478997 TI - Platelets in bronchoalveolar lavage from asthmatic patients and allergic rabbits with allergen-induced late phase responses. PMID- 3478996 TI - Bleeding time and PAF-acether-induced platelet aggregation in atopy. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study 20 mg of aspirin or placebo were administered to 18 patients with respiratory atopy without eczema and to 12 healthy controls. Mean bleeding time before administration of either aspirin or placebo was on average about 1 min. longer in atopics than in the controls, and this difference was significant (p 0.05). Atopics' platelets also aggregated less well in response to arachidonic acid in comparison to controls. On the contrary, no difference in platelet aggregability was detected in response to either PAF acether alone or to combination of subthreshold, synergistic concentrations of PAF-acether and collagen. Aspirin at a dose used did not affect either bleeding time or platelet aggregability. Thus, in respiratory atopy there exists a moderate hemostatic imbalance, the reason of which remains to be established. PMID- 3478998 TI - Platelet kinetics in stable asthmatic patients. PMID- 3478999 TI - Evidence of PAF release and platelet activation in analgesics-asthma-syndrome. PMID- 3479000 TI - Effects of BN 52063 on PAF-acether induced weal and flare in man. PMID- 3479001 TI - Effects of the PAF-antagonist CV-3988 on PAF-induced changes in mucus secretion and in respiratory and circulatory variables in ferrets. PMID- 3479002 TI - The use of the serum protein factor XIIIB (F XIIIB) in parentage testing. AB - Three thousand thirty-eight white and 313 black paternity cases were phenotyped for genetic variants of the coagulation Factor XIIIB (F XIIIB). Gene frequencies obtained by testing with agarose gel isoelectric focusing clearly differentiated the white and black populations. The expected probability of exclusion (P) for white subjects was P = 0.19 and for black subjects P = 0.25. The observed rates of exclusions for F XIIIB in white and black subjects were close to expected values. The results indicate that F XIIIB is a valuable tool in parentage testing, and the procedures are reasonably easy and inexpensive. PMID- 3479004 TI - Class III crowding: the extraction dilemma. PMID- 3479003 TI - Philadelphia chromosome-positive thrombocythemia and megakaryoblast leukemia. AB - A case of well-documented and -illustrated megakaryoblastic transformation is described in a patient with thrombocythemia passing through a stage of myelofibrosis without features of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Immunocytologic studies with the use of conventional and monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins and electron microscopic investigations, demonstrating bull's-eye granules and platelet peroxidase positivity, proved the megakaryocytic differentiation of the blast cells. From the onset of the disease as well as during the megakaryoblastic transformation, the Philadelphia (Ph1) karyotype, 46XX t(9:22) (q34:q11), was found in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as the only clonal abnormality. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from the blast cells revealed a rearrangement within the bcr on chromosome 22 similar to findings in chronic granulocytic leukemia. The presentation with excessive small and abnormal megakaryocytes in the initial and subsequent bone marrow and the rapid progressive myelofibrosis and splenomegaly differentiate the Ph1 chromosome positive thrombocythemia from the chronic myeloproliferation of thrombocythemia in its primary form or associated with polycythemia vera. PMID- 3479005 TI - Lower incisor space analysis: a contrast of methods. AB - Two current methods to assess spacing-crowding among lower anterior teeth are described and contrasted. These are the anterior space analysis of Merrifield and the irregularity index of Little. There is only a modest correlation between these methods (rs = +0.53) because they provide complementary information; space analysis is more attuned to tooth displacements while the irregularity index is susceptible to axiversions. Cases illustrating major divergences between the two methods are illustrated. PMID- 3479006 TI - The relationship between nasal airway cross-sectional area and nasal resistance. AB - Mouth breathing in response to an impaired nasal airway is thought to have clinical consequences. Physiologically, mouth breathing occurs whenever the body senses that nasal resistance is inappropriately high. In physical terms mouth breathing is a response that enlarges the upper airway and, by doing so, reduces airway resistance. In the past measurements of nasal resistance have been used as an index of airway impairment. Recently, we introduced a technique that estimates cross-sectional size of the airway, a variable that directly determines the magnitude of airway resistance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the precise effects of nasal airway size on nasal airway resistance so that the relationship between the two could be described in mathematic terms. There were two phases to the study--one involving a model and simulated breathing, and the other involving 100 subjects demonstrating normal and impaired nasal airways. The pressure-flow technique for estimation of nasal airway size and nasal airway resistance was used. The following equation was generated from the data: Resistance = 1.9 + (Formula: see text). The relationship between the two variables is nonlinear--that is, size of the airway has its greatest effect on resistance when the airway is less than 0.4 cm2 and a much lesser effect at larger airway sizes. The study also showed that nasal airway resistance generally does not fall very much below 1.9 cm H2O/L/S during breathing even when the airway is very large. This probably relates to the need to maintain an adequate level of airway resistance for alveolar gas exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479007 TI - Comparison of three methods of profile change prediction in the adult orthodontic patient. AB - Potential changes in the contour of the facial profile that accompany tooth movement can be important considerations in developing an orthodontic treatment plan. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of three different methods of predicting horizontal soft-tissue changes. Eighty-three nongrowing, orthodontically treated patients comprised the sample. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric hard- and soft-tissue landmark points were digitized. A coordinate system was defined, landmark coordinates were corrected for magnification, and then hard- and soft-tissue, angular, and linear measures were calculated by computer programs developed on a DEC PDP 11/44. The accuracy of prediction of soft-tissue landmark changes was compared for three prediction methods: (1) use of ratios of means of soft-tissue changes to corresponding hard tissue changes, (2) use of a bivariate regression equation on corresponding hard tissue landmark changes, and (3) use of stepwise multiple regression with hard tissue changes and initial hard- and soft-tissue facial characteristics as predictor variables. For predicting changes of four soft-tissue points, multiple regression equations were slightly more accurate than ratio of means predictions. The standard errors of the estimate ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 mm for the multiple regression predictions; these were from 0.2 to 1.4 mm lower than those obtained for ratio of means predictions. The accuracy of the bivariate regression prediction technique fell between that of the other two methods. Examination of the residuals showed that the multiple regression equations consistently underpredicted the most extreme soft-tissue facial changes. PMID- 3479008 TI - Stability of mandibular advancement osteotomy using rigid internal fixation. AB - Forty-three patients who underwent surgical lengthening of the mandible using an inverted L osteotomy, bone grafting, and rigid internal fixation between the mandibular segments were evaluated by retrospective cephalometric analysis for longitudinal skeletal and dental changes. Postoperative response (means = 1 year 9 months) was found to demonstrate a high level of stability with some individual variability. No propensity for relapse was observed in any postoperative time interval. Condylar repositioning postoperatively appeared to be an important factor in those patients who exhibited any relapse tendency. Overall postoperative stability of this surgical/fixation technique appears to be significantly improved compared with previously documented techniques. PMID- 3479009 TI - Skeletal fixation versus skeletal relapse. AB - The use of skeletal fixation was evaluated for skeletal stability during the period of intermaxillary fixation following a modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism. A combination of bilateral maxillary peralveolar wires and circummandibular wires in the canine region was used for the fixation. One group of patients with this method of fixation (S group) and a second group without the fixation (C group) were compared cephalometrically. Statistically significant differences existed in the amount and pattern of relapse; the fixation produced a significant effect on retention of the corrected chin position. As a consequence, downward and backward rotation of the distal fragment of the mandible and compensatory incisor extrusion were notably controlled. However, upward shift of the posterior end of the distal fragment occurred persistently even in the S group, causing considerable intrusion of the posterior teeth in comparison with the C group. This seems to indicate that tension, probably exerted by the pterygomasseteric sling, is important in postoperative skeletal instability. PMID- 3479010 TI - The significance of the integumentary profile. AB - Profile analysis was performed on 180 Thai female subjects with ages ranging from 16 to 21 years. Seventy were of Chinese origin. The determination of the profile analysis mean values was based on the methods of Schwarz, Subtelny, Ricketts, Burstone, and Schwartz. The results were compared to Caucasian standards and to the findings of our previous study on a Javanese population. For the profile forms, our investigated groups showed mainly prognathic faces (75% to 84%). A "shift backward" profile flow dominated. We found a "prognathic face" combined with a "shift backward" in 50% to 60% of the Asian subjects analyzed. Our soft tissue profile results (approximately 165 +/- 6 degrees) showed less convexity than that of the Caucasians and there was no significant difference in overall profile between the 2 Thai groups (approximately 134 +/- 5 degrees); this is in the range given by Subtelny (141 degrees to 131 degrees) except for that of the Javanese subjects. For the lip analysis, we listed a posterior position or a lip position upon the esthetic line between 60% to 70% of both Thai groups with respect to the upper lip and only 28% to 33% for the lower lip. The Javanese group, however, showed 90% anterior position of the upper lip and 93% of the lower lip to this line. It is significant that proper blending of the integumentary profile produces an esthetically pleasing face and this varies in different ethnic groups. A good combination could even make a "prognathic face shift backward" very acceptable as illustrated by a profile analysis of Miss Thailand, 1984.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479011 TI - A cephalometric, tomographic, and dental cast evaluation of Frankel therapy. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal, dental, and condylar positional changes induced by Frankel FR-2 therapy. The pre- and posttreatment cephalometric, tomographic, and dental cast records of 25 consecutively treated cases were evaluated. Results showed little Class II skeletal correction with no headgear-type restraining effect on the maxilla or mandibular growth stimulation noted. Significant amounts of maxillary incisor retraction and mandibular incisor proclination were observed. The maxillary intermolar width along with the mandibular intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly increased during treatment. No significant changes in condylar position were found during Frankel therapy and only a small increase in mandibular plane angle was noted. PMID- 3479012 TI - Histocompatibility antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens were examined in 71 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial of colchicine versus placebo. All patients had typical laboratory and histological features of PBC, except that six had a negative test for antimitochondrial antibody. Frequencies of these antigens were compared with the international Caucasian panel of the Eighth International Workshop and with a local Caucasian panel. Antigen frequencies were compared using the chi 2 test, with a correction for the number of antigens tested. The PBC patients had a significant excess of DR4 (29 of 70 typed, or 41.1%) compared to the international (804 of 3811, or 21.1%, corrected p value less than 0.05) but not the local panel (47 or 129, or 36.4%). Of PBC patients, 52.9% had only one DR antigen identified, compared to 67.5% for the international panel and 49.6% for the local panel. In past studies, the HLA antigen most strongly correlated with PBC was DR8, but this was not included in our panel of antisera. However, no significant relationship between HLA and PBC was found among the antigens screened. PMID- 3479013 TI - A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. II. Conduct. AB - To assess conduct in Tourette syndrome (TS), 47 controls, 246 TS patients, 17 attention-deficit-disorder (ADD), and 15 ADD patients with minor tics or a family history of TS (ADD 2(0) TS) were compared for the following behaviors: running away from home, lying, stealing, starting fires, vandalism, being in trouble with the law, fighting, shouting at parents or peers, attacking others, lack of respect for adults, short temper, hurting animals, feeling full of hate, being unable to stop fighting, and problems with drugs and alcohol. With the exception of running away from home and being in trouble with the law, TS patients were significantly different from controls in all other behaviors. When the components were combined for a total conduct score, only one (2.1%) of the controls had a score greater than 13, and he had TS. By contrast, 35% of the TS patients had scores greater than 13 (P less than .0005). The correlation coefficient between the total conduct score and ADD score was .48. Although the presence of ADD was an important factor in determining conduct in TS, other factors such as depression and compulsive behavior also played a contributing role. There was little correlation between the total conduct score and the number of tics. It is estimated that among non-economically disadvantaged children, 10%-30% of conduct disorder may be due to the presence of a TS gene. PMID- 3479014 TI - A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. III. Phobias and panic attacks. AB - Comparison was made of the frequency of phobias and panic attacks in normal controls and in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS), attention-deficit disorder (ADD), and ADD secondary to a TS gene. For phobias the most significant difference between controls and TS patients was with respect to fear of public transportation (P = .002), followed by fear of being alone (P = .009), fear of being in a crowd (P = .01), fear of being in water (P = .025), fear of animals (P = .04), fear of public speaking (P = .05), and other fears (P = .05). Only 8.5% of controls had more than three simple phobias and none had more than five, whereas 26% of TS patients had more than three (P = .008) and some had as many as 13. As opposed to 19% of TS patients, none of the controls had phobias that interfered with their life (P = .001). Among female TS patients 55.1% had 3-13 phobias, compared with 8.7% of the female controls (P less than .0005). There was no correlation between the ADD score and the number of phobias (r = -.010) and little correlation with the total number of tics (r = .14). Panic attacks were present in 8.3% of the controls and 33% of the TS patients (P = .0008). This frequency increased to 55.2% (P less than .0005) for grade 3 (severe) TS patients. None of the controls, 15.9% of all TS patients (P = .002), and 31% of grade 3 TS patients (P less than .0005) had more than three panic attacks in 1 wk. Total panic-symptom score (12 possible symptoms) was significantly greater than that in the controls in all grades of TS. The presence or absence of ADD had little effect on the total panic-symptom score, but the presence of ADD resulted in a significantly lower average age at onset of panic attacks (8.8 years) compared with those TS patients without ADD (15.4 years) (P = .03). These observations indicate that phobias and panic attacks are a significant part of the symptomatology of TS and provide the first clear indication that phobias and panic attacks can be due to the presence of a major gene. PMID- 3479016 TI - A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. V. Depression and mania. AB - To evaluate the role of depression and mania in Tourette syndrome (TS), we have examined 246 TS patients, 17 attention-deficit disorder (ADD) patients, 15 patients with ADD associated with TS, and 47 controls, using (1) the standardized National Institutes of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule questions for a life history of major depression and/or mania and (2) a modified Beck depression score for evaluation of depression at the time of the examination. The results were combined into depression, Beck, and mania scores. Among the controls, 2.1% had a depression score greater than 9, and none had a score greater than 10. Among the TS patients, 22.9% had a score greater than 9 and the scores ranged up to the maximum of 18 (P less than .0005). None of the pure ADD patients had a score greater than 6, whereas 20% of the ADD-secondary-to-TS (ADD 2(0) TS) patients had scores greater than or equal to 9. Among grade 3 TS patients, 46.6% had scores greater than or equal to 9. There were no differences in the frequency of depression in the TS patients with or without ADD. Comparable results were obtained for the Beck depression score, except that the percent with a score greater than or equal to 8 was higher for the TS patients with ADD (23.7%) than for those without ADD (9.3%). There was a good correlation between the depression score and the Beck score (r = .63), but no correlation between the ADD-with-hyperactivity (ADDH) score and either the depression score (r = .086) or the Beck score (r = .077). Among the controls, none had a mania score greater than or equal to 4, compared with 19.1% of the total TS patients (P = less than .0005), 11.8% of the ADD patients (P = .002), and 26.6% of the ADD 2(0) TS patients (P = .0005). Although some of the mania questions would be expected to be answered positively by ADDH patients, the correlation coefficient between the ADDH scores and the mania scores was only moderate (r = .29), whereas the correlation with the depression score was much higher (r = .63). There was minimal correlation between the number of tics and either the depression score (r = .267) or the Beck score (r = .193). We conclude that depression and manic depressive symptoms are common in TS patients and are an integral part of the disorder rather than being secondary to motor or vocal tics. PMID- 3479015 TI - A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. IV. Obsessions, compulsions, and schizoid behaviors. AB - To determine the frequency of obsessive, compulsive, and schizoid behaviors in Tourette syndrome (TS), we prospectively questioned 246 patients with TS, 17 with attention-deficit disorder (ADD), 15 with ADD due to a TS gene, and 47 random controls. The comparative frequency of obsessive, compulsive, and repetitive behaviors--such as obsessive unpleasant thoughts, obsessive silly thoughts, echolalia, palilalia, touching things excessively, touching things a specific number of times, touching others excessively, sexual touching, biting or hurting oneself, head banging, rocking, mimicking others, counting things, and occasional or frequent public exhibitionism--were significantly more common in TS patients than in controls. The frequency of each of these was much higher for grade 3 (severe) TS. Most of these behaviors also occurred significantly more often in individuals with ADD or in individuals with ADD secondary to TS (ADD 2(0) TS). When these features were combined into an obsessive-compulsive score, 45.4% of TS patients had a score of 4-15, whereas 8.5% of controls had a score of 4 or 5. These results indicate that obsessive-compulsive behaviors are an integral part of the expression of the TS gene and can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Schizoid symptoms, such as thinking that people were watching them or plotting against them, were significantly more common in TS patients than in controls. Auditory hallucinations of hearing voices were present in 14.6% of TS patients, compared with 2.1% of controls (P = .02). These symptoms were absent in ADD patients but present in ADD 2(0) TS patients. These voices were often blamed for telling them to do bad things and were frequently identified with the devil. None of the controls had a total schizoid behavior score greater than 3, whereas 10.9% of the TS patients had scores of 4-10 (P = .02). This frequency increased to 20.6% in the grade 3 TS patients. These quantitative results confirm our clinical impression that some TS patients have paranoid ideations, often feel that people are out to get them, and hear voices. PMID- 3479017 TI - A controlled study of Tourette syndrome. VI. Early development, sleep problems, allergies, and handedness. AB - Developmental milestones, problems with bladder and bowel control, sleep disturbances, allergies, and handedness were compared in 247 consecutive Tourette syndrome (TS) patients, 17 patients with attention-deficit disorder (ADD), 15 patients with ADD secondary to TS (ADD 2(0) TS), and 47 random controls. There were no significant differences in age of first talking or walking. By contrast, there were significant differences in problems with bladder and bowel control between TS patients and controls, as measured by age of first toilet training, age of last bed-wetting, frequency of enuresis, and age that bowel control was achieved. Sleep problems were pervasive in TS patients, with a significantly increased frequency of sleepwalking, night terrors, trouble getting to sleep, early awakening, and inability to take afternoon naps as a young child. In all diagnostic categories, including mild (grade 1) TS patients, a total sleep problem score was significantly greater than that in controls. The sleep disorders and other TS symptoms are consistent with TS as a disorder of disinhibition of the limbic system. Allergies and left-handedness have been evoked as contributing to or being associated with ADD and learning disorders. There were no significant differences in the frequency of allergies or left handedness in TS patients compared with that in controls. We conclude that when there is a clearly defined genetic cause of ADD and learning disorders, it is not associated with an increased frequency of allergies or left-handedness. PMID- 3479018 TI - Exclusion of catalytic and regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase as candidate genes for the defect causing cystic fibrosis. AB - Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Defects in cAMP control mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease. The mutation causing CF has been localized to chromosome 7q22-7q31.1. We have used (1) somatic-cell hybrids containing this region of the human genome in a mouse background and (2) segregation analysis in families to exclude both the genes coding for a catalytic subunit and three distinct regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase as candidates for the gene defect in CF. Two of these genes--those for the human homologue of the mouse type I regulatory subunit and the human homologue of the rat type II regulatory subunit--map to human chromosome 7. PMID- 3479019 TI - Etiological heterogeneity in X-linked spastic paraplegia. AB - We describe a large family (K313) having 12 males affected with X chromosome linked recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). The disease phenotype in K313 is characterized by hyperreflexia and a spastic gait, but intelligence is normal. Carrier females have normal gait and unremarkable neurologic profiles. Eight widely spaced X-linked DNA markers were used to genotype 43 family members. In contrast to a published study of another family, in whom complete linkage of X linked recessive HSP to distal chromosome Xq markers DXS15 and DXS52 was reported, we observed complete linkage with two DNA markers, pYNH3 and DXS17, located on the middle of the long arm of the X chromosome. These data have been combined with linkage data from a large reference panel of normal families to localize the new X-chromosome marker, pYNH3, and to provide evidence of significant locus heterogeneity between phenotypically distinct forms of X-linked recessive HSP. PMID- 3479020 TI - Pharmacists' opinions about and compliance with recommendations for intravenous admixture practices. AB - Hospital pharmacy departments nationwide were surveyed to determine compliance with and opinions on the importance of recommended practices for preparation of i.v. admixtures. Questionnaires that included 84 recommendations by the National Coordinating Committee on Large-Volume Parenterals, the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals were mailed to 625 randomly selected acute-care hospitals. Questions covered the compounding area and recommended equipment; selection, education, and training of personnel; compounding procedures; quality assurance; labeling and record keeping; and reference materials and professional services. The response rate was 43% (198 usable replies). Responses indicated that 42 (50%) of the recommended practices were followed in fewer than 75% of the hospitals, 25 (30%) in fewer than 50% of the hospitals, and 17 (20%) in fewer than 25% of the hospitals. Twenty of the recommendations were considered marginal in importance. Adherence to published guidelines for i.v. admixture services varies among hospitals in the United States; compilation of a single set of guidelines should be considered. PMID- 3479021 TI - Concentration of the quinolon ofloxacin in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3479022 TI - Candida krusei infectious arthritis. A rare complication of neutropenia. AB - Candida krusei infections are increasing in neutropenic patients. This is the first report of a case of C. krusei arthritis in a neutropenic leukemic patient. The organism colonized the patient's respiratory tract and most likely seeded the right knee by hematogenous spread. Knee swelling and tenderness were minimal. Joint fluid Gram stain and fungal smears did not show the organism despite positive results on cultures. With therapy, the joint fluid converted from neutrophilic predominance to lymphocytic predominance. Despite sterilization of knee fluid, clinical relapse occurred after therapy with 256 mg of systemic amphotericin B; the infection was cured after a total dose of 456 mg. PMID- 3479023 TI - Testing immediately after AIDS exposure may be inaccurate. PMID- 3479024 TI - Short course of antibiotics for post-cesarean section endometritis. AB - Although post-cesarean section endometritis is a common postoperative complication, little has been reported on the safety of short-course therapy, particularly in indigent populations. Our preliminary data on 25 indigent patients with endometritis treated only until 24 to 36 hours after defervescence suggest that courses of antibiotics need not routinely be continued for 7 to 10 days. PMID- 3479025 TI - Endometrial and myometrial effects of progesterone antagonists in pregnant guinea pigs. AB - Three antiprogestogens of the RU 38.486, ZK 98.734, and ZK 98.299, were studied at different stages of pregnancy in the guinea pig. Treatment starting on postconception day 4 completely prevented nidation; all three compounds had comparable inhibitory potency. Treatment after nidation, starting on postconception day 8, induced decidual collapse and bleeding, but embryonic tissue was retained in nidation sites. In contrast to results in animals in nonfertile cycles, luteolysis was not induced, indicating that antiprogestogens lack the ability to induce uterine prostaglandin synthesis/liberation. On postconception day 43, RU 38.486 showed marginal abortifacient activity. The other compounds induced expulsion more rapidly and at a higher rate. The comparatively pronounced antiglucocorticoid activity of RU 38.486 may account for this difference. With RU 38.486, a high level of uterine prostaglandin sensitivity and a cervical ripening were induced consistently and fast; spontaneous labor, on the other hand, occurred after several days, if at all. Complete uterine evacuation was induced within hours by otherwise inactive doses of sulprostone in various combinations with ZK 98.299 RU 38.486 but surprisingly not with ZK 98.734. A single dose of ZK 98.299 induced an approximately thirtyfold increase in uterine prostaglandin sensitivity within 24 hours, exceeding that present before term, but did not induce spontaneous labor. This is evidence that endogenous prostaglandins were not activated, analogous to perinidation stages. Observation of antiluteolytic activity of antiprogestogens in nonpregnant animals is considered of major theoretical importance in this context. It seems that inhibition of progesterone leads to suppressed uterine prostaglandin liberation. The same effect in pregnancy could explain the inability of the uterus to expel a seriously compromised conceptus. In conclusion, we suggest that progesterone is a stimulator rather than a depressor of uterine prostaglandins in the late luteal phase and pregnancy. The ability of the conceptus to neutralize this stimulatory action of progesterone is considered to be essential for the rescue of the corpus luteum and uterine motor quiescence in the guinea pig. The clinical significance of these findings is that the high frequency of incomplete abortions and protracted, sometimes heavy bleeding in pregnant women treated with RU 38.486 may reflect decidual compromise and simultaneous uterine prostaglandin deficiency, as found in our animal model after progesterone blockage. PMID- 3479026 TI - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis is a rare but distinct dermatosis that has recently been described in adults with acute myelogenous leukemia. We report the first pediatric case in an 11-year-old girl with acute myelomonocytic leukemia who developed this eruption following her first and second course of VAPA-10 induction chemotherapy. Skin biopsy revealed selective neutrophilic infiltration around the eccrine coils, which is characteristic of this dermatosis. The clinical and biopsy findings of our patient are presented and compared with the previous three reported cases. PMID- 3479027 TI - Severe hypertensive reactions to teniposide (VM-26) in infants with congenital leukemia. AB - Two cases of infants with congenital leukemia who had severe, refractory hypertensive reactions to teniposide (VM-26) are described. Patients on a 5 mg/kg twice weekly schedule of teniposide had hypertensive reactions in which their systolic blood pressure was greater than 200 mm Hg after the second dose of teniposide. Hypertension combined with myelosuppression resulted in the patient's death in one case. Although the exact mechanism of this unusual toxicity of teniposide remains unknown, it might be an age-specific problem, considering the very young age of our patients. Meticulous monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure, is mandatory in leukemic infants receiving teniposide. PMID- 3479028 TI - Use of the enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay to monitor the purification of glycosphingolipid antigens by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) technique has been applied to the analysis of glycosphingolipid fractions separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nanogram amounts of selected fractions were placed in microtiter wells and analyzed for glycosphingolipids carrying carbohydrate epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies using an avidin-biotin enzyme system (ABC reagents). A large number of fractions (more than 100) can be conveniently evaluated for the presence of glycosphingolipids recognized by one or more monoclonal antibodies in a single analysis. This method is a rapid and sensitive procedure for monitoring the purification of glycosphingolipid antigens and can be used in conjunction with immunostaining of glycosphingolipids separated by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3479030 TI - Throughput. PMID- 3479029 TI - Methods for in situ visualization and assay of sulfurtransferases. AB - The dansyl derivative 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalene thiosulfonate (DANTS) can serve as a sulfane sulfur-donor substrate for several of the sulfurtransferases, the reaction being dependent on the acceptor substrates supplied. Enzymatic cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur bond of DANTS releases the intrinsic fluorescence of the molecule, with an emission maximum of 500-510 nm (excitation at 325 nm). This process permits selective visualization of active sulfurtransferase enzymes separated in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, even from impure preparations. This technique was used to locate rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1), thiosulfate reductase (EC unassigned), and a recently isolated prokaryotic enzyme that has been called sulfane sulfurtransferase. In addition, a refinement of the thiosulfate reductase assay technique is reported. PMID- 3479031 TI - Changes in gingiva and gingival flora with bonding and banding. PMID- 3479032 TI - Maxillary incisor intrusion and facial growth. AB - A palate and first molar anchorage appliance is used to intrude upper incisors, and the effects on dental and skeletal variables are examined in 25 growing females and 25 matched controls. On average, the mandible was unaffected for the entire treated sample, but those with the largest reduction in overbite showed more increase in mandibular length than expected. PMID- 3479033 TI - Anterior openbite and its treatment with multiloop edgewise archwire. AB - Etiologies and various treatment modalities regarding anterior openbite are discussed to elucidate the pros and cons of different approaches, with emphasis on understanding of the true nature of anterior openbite. Subjective interpretation in a diagnosis invariably leads into an erroneous description of a malocclusion, which can lead to a disastrous result. Cognizance of the anatomy, histology, physiology, and dynamics of orthodontic mechanotherapy can bring most openbite malocclusions into the realm of treatability, with a high degree of success and stability without surgical intervention. A Multiloop Edgewise Archwire (MEAW) technic developed over the past nineteen years is introduced, and three illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 3479034 TI - Head holder for panoramic dental radiography. AB - A radiolucent head holder for the Pancentric Panorex dental x-ray machine is constructed and evaluated. Features include a wooden pointer to orient the head in the midsagittal plane, movable components adjustable into a number of fixed positions and a spirit level on an ear rod fitting. PMID- 3479035 TI - Incisor resorption caused by maxillary cuspids. A radiographic study. AB - A detailed radiographic study of 46 cases of maxillary incisor resorption related to unerupted cuspids finds most resorption in midroot, with about half on labial or lingual surfaces where it was not detectable on periapical radiographs. Resorption appears early, making it desirable to evaluate cuspid position no later than 10 or 11 years of age. PMID- 3479036 TI - Endobronchial granulocytic sarcoma causing acute respiratory failure in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Infiltration by leukemic cells may occur in many organs. When localized masses caused by myeloid leukemic infiltration occur, they are called granulocytic sarcomas. Such tumors may be mistaken for primary carcinomas. In this report, we describe a 63-yr-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia who developed progressive atelectasis of the left lower lobe of the lung. Bronchoscopy revealed a fungating endobronchial tumor completely obstructing the left lower lobe bronchus and partially occluding the left upper lobe bronchus. Biopsies from this lesion showed an endobronchial granulocytic sarcoma. Despite chemotherapy, the patient developed progressive hypoxemia and died. PMID- 3479037 TI - [HIV infection after transfusion in children treated for malignant hematologic diseases or cancer]. PMID- 3479038 TI - Measurement of plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha using capillary gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the measurement of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in plasma has been developed. The linearity of the method was 0 to 250 pg per ml, day-to-day precision of five percent at a level of 80 pg per ml, and a limit of detection of one pg per ml. Evaluation of the absolute recovery of PGF2 alpha through the sample clean-up steps using tritium labelled PGF2 alpha gave recoveries of 68 +/- 5 percent. A preliminary reference range estimated a mean plasma PGF2 alpha level of 83 +/- 13 pg per ml (n = 7) with a range of 62 to 103 pg per ml in healthy adults. The major application of this method will be in research protocols studying changes of PGF2 alpha in toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 3479039 TI - Characterization and use of somatic cell hybrids with interspecific translocations involving the human X chromosome. AB - Two hybrid cell lines, whose only human material was a portion of the X translocated on to a mouse chromosome, have been characterized by cytogenetics, in situ hybridization and Southern blotting. In one hybrid (HORL911R8B) the region Xpter to Xq2(2-4) was identified. In the other (PIP) the single human fragment was found to contain sequences from two separate X chromosomal regions (corresponding approximately to Xp11.4-Xp22.1 and Xq26-Xqter). These two hybrids in combination with a third (WAG 8) retaining Xqter to Xp21 as a human X-autosome translocation chromosome, form a mapping panel for rapid subregional assignments to the human X chromosome. This mapping panel has been used to provide information about the order of DNA sequences derived from the X chromosome and to provide an assignment for an anonymous DNA segment, M201 gamma, to Xp11.4-Xp21.1. PMID- 3479040 TI - Rates of mutant and inherited structural cytogenetic abnormalities detected at amniocentesis: results on about 63,000 fetuses. AB - We report data on diagnoses made on amniotic fluid specimens from 1977 to 1984 as reported to the New York State Chromosome Registry. The rate of all de novo (presumed mutant) abnormalities was about 2 per 1,000 in about 61,000 fetuses in which results are unlikely to be biased by the reason for amniocentesis (except for maternal age). This includes about 0.5 per 1,000 de novo markers, about 0.5 per 1,000 other de novo unbalanced, and about 1.0 per 1,000 de novo balanced rearrangements. In about 55,000 fetuses in which rates of inherited abnormalities could be evaluated without apparent bias, the rate of all inherited rearrangement was about 2.9 per 1,000. This includes about 0.3 per 1,000 inherited markers, about 0.2 per 1,000 other inherited unbalanced rearrangements, and about 2.4 per 1,000 inherited balanced abnormalities. Only mutant markers showed a clear association with maternal age (37.6 +/- 2.7 in 24 cases v. 35.8 +/- 3.6 in controls). Inherited markers did not exhibit this trend (35.8 +/- 2.0 in 12 cases v. 36.4 +/- 2.8 in controls). Paternal age does not appear to account for the association. Among abnormalities of known origin, the ratio of mutant to inherited cases is for markers 64:36, for other unbalanced rearrangements 73:27, and for all balanced abnormalities 29:71. In a subgroup of about 55,000 fetuses, of 263 total abnormalities there were 8 instances of apparent true somatic mosaics (5 mutant and 3 of unknown origin but almost certainly mutant). There were also 20 instances of markers in which presumptive somatic loss had resulted in mosaicism (10 mutant, 6 of unknown origin and 4 inherited) and 13 other instances of mosaicism associated with apparent somatic loss (9 mutant, 3 of unknown origin, and 1 inherited). The sex ratio (Y to non-Y karyotypes) for all abnormalities detected was 228:210 (1.09), not different from controls. Only deletions (5:14) and 'other' unbalanced rearrangements (5:13) exhibited a suggestive deviation from this trend. The rates of mutant chromosome rearrangements reported from 1977 to 1983 showed no apparent time cluster, with the possible exception of a peak of markers in 1977, a trend that may be due to higher maternal age in this year. Among fetuses studied because of maternal exposure to putative mutagens there was a non-significant excess of mutants (2.9 5.7 per 1,000 v. 1.7-2.2 per 1,000) and a borderline significant excess of inherited rearrangements (8.6-11.5 per 1,000 v. 2.6-3.1 per 1,000).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3479041 TI - Antigen sharing in couples in a two-locus ABO-like system. AB - The probabilities with which the two members of a couple share no, one or two antigens on each of two loci in ABO-like systems are derived. As an example, expected values concerning the HLA-A,B system are compared with observed frequencies in a material of 690 couples. A FORTRAN program for calculation of the gene-sharing probabilities is available. PMID- 3479042 TI - Cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and cisplatin (CEP) in advanced breast cancer: preliminary results. AB - Twenty-five patients with advanced breast cancer were treated every 28 days with Cisplatin, 30 mg/m2 iv on days 1,3,5; Epirubicin, 40 mg/m2 iv on day 1; Cyclophosphamide, 200mg/m2 iv on days 1,3,5. Partial remission was achieved by 7 patients (33%), all of whom had been untreated with chemotherapy. Overall toxicity was moderate but manageable. Severe haematological toxicity was experienced by 5 patients (20%) with grade III anemia; 2 patients had grade II oral mucositis; 4 had grade II diarrhoea Moderate nausea and vomiting were seen in all patients. Although they are only preliminary, our results suggest that this treatment had considerable activity as first line chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer and deserves further evaluation. PMID- 3479043 TI - The natural history of Tourette syndrome: a follow-up study. AB - Initial reports described Tourette syndrome as a lifelong disorder. Since then, others have noted that some patients experience remissions during late adolescence. To examine this issue, we sent questionnaires to 99 patients with Tourette syndrome who were 15 to 25 years old. The majority of the 58 respondents indicated that they had fewer tics as they reached late adolescence or young adulthood. Although most reported associated behavior or learning problems, the majority felt they were coping well. The long-term outcome in many patients with Tourette syndrome may be more optimistic than previously reported. PMID- 3479044 TI - [Current choices and follow-up with regard to contact lenses]. PMID- 3479045 TI - Cefotetan-induced disulfiram-type reactions and hypoprothrombinemia. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in eight healthy male volunteers was conducted to study possible disulfiram-type reactions and hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefotetan administration. Three doses of cefotetan (2 g) or of placebo were administered at 12-h intervals. Ethanol (0.5 g/kg of total body weight) was ingested 1 h after the third dose. Blood ethanol, serum acetaldehyde, and prothrombin times were measured throughout the study. Heart rate, blood pressure, and clinical signs as well as symptoms suggestive of a disulfiram-type reaction were also noted. Five of eight volunteers that received cefotetan showed significant flushing. A significant increase in heart rate also was noted. No change in mean arterial pressure was observed during the cefotetan phase, and no one experienced nausea or vomiting. No statistical differences were observed between phases with respect to ethanol area under the time-concentration curve, elimination rate, or serum acetaldehyde concentrations. A slight but statistically significant increase in prothrombin time also was observed with cefotetan. This study suggests that patients receiving cefotetan might be at risk to develop disulfiram-type reactions and hypoprothrombinemia. PMID- 3479046 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin after parenteral and oral administration. AB - In 10 volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin [HOE 280, DL 8280; (+/-)-9 fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H -pyrido-[1,2,3 de] [1,4]benzoxacine-6-carboxylic acid] was determined after administration of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg intravenously (30-min infusion) as well as 200 and 400 mg orally. Concentrations in serum and urine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Concentrations in serum following different parenteral ofloxacin dosages demonstrated dose dependency with long biological half-lives of 231 to 267 min. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated on the basis of open two- and three-compartment models, which yielded nearly identical results. High volumes of distribution (1.2 to 1.4 liters/kg of body weight) suggested effective diffusion into the extravascular space. High total and renal clearances indicated primarily renal excretion with additional elimination pathways, such as tubular secretion and extrarenal elimination. After oral administration, absorption was excellent, and the absolute bioavailability following 200 mg of ofloxacin could be calculated at greater than 0.95. Maximal concentrations in serum were attained 1.2 to 1.9 h after dosing; areas under the curve increased in proportion to dose between 200 and 400 mg of oral ofloxacin. The amount of known metabolites (demethyl and N-oxide compounds) excreted in urine reached only 4.3% (intravenously) and 4.0% (orally). Transient headaches in some volunteers were the only side effects registered. PMID- 3479047 TI - Steady-state pharmacokinetics of imipenem in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. AB - We ascertained the pharmacokinetics of imipenem in febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients. The values observed were both different from and significantly more variable than those observed in normal volunteers. Free drug concentrations exceeded the MIC for 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus strains for greater than 6 h. The MIC for 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was exceeded for 4 h. Because imipenem induces a 2 h postantibiotic effect in P. aeruginosa, it is promising as single-agent empiric therapy in this setting. PMID- 3479048 TI - In vitro activity of cefmetazole, cefotetan, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria from endometrial cultures of women with pelvic infections. AB - The MICs of the new antimicrobial agents cefmetazole, cefotetan, and amoxicillin clauvulanic acid were compared with the MICs of other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria from endometrial cultures from women with pelvic inflammatory disease or endometritis. The activity of cefmetazole was similar to that of cefoxitin and generally greater than that of cefotetan. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid was generally more active than all cephamycins tested. PMID- 3479049 TI - Developmental changes in glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferase activities in animal sera. AB - Glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferase activities in sera during the prenatal and postnatal development of the ox, rat, and chicken were systematically measured with chemically desulfated cartilage chondroitin 4-sulfate, cornea keratan sulfate, and kidney heparan sulfate as exogenous sulfate acceptors and with [35S]sulfate-labeled 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate as a sulfate donor. The results of specificity studies and product analyses indicated that these enzymes introduce sulfates at position 6 of the internal N-acetylgalactosamine units of chondroitin, position 6 of the galactose units of keratan sulfate, and position 2 (an amino group) of the glucosamine units of heparan sulfate, respectively. The results of the enzyme assays indicated that (1) the three activities change in a development-associated manner in each animal species, (2) generally, the activities of the former two enzymes decrease with embryonic development and aging after birth, although in chicken serum they increase transiently at the late prenatal stage and decrease thereafter, and (3) the pattern of the changes in heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity is species dependent: the activity increases in the rat, decreases in the ox, and does not significantly change in the chicken during prenatal or postnatal development. These alterations may reflect development-associated biosynthesis of the corresponding glycosaminoglycans or maturation of the proteoglycans in some tissues. PMID- 3479050 TI - [Tumor markers in human breast cancer]. AB - We described tumor markers which are considered to be useful for the detection of recurrence, index of the efficacy of treatment and assessment for the prognosis of the patients with breast cancer. CEA and CA 15-3 are relatively useful markers among various serological ones. However, although accuracy of the diagnosis with CA 15-3 and CEA is generally thought to be not superior to those of imaging method, CA 15-3 and CEA seems to be clinically useful tools for making diagnosis because of its simplicity and less cost. Estrogen and progesterone receptors shows good responses to endocrine therapy. Response rate was 70 to 80% in both receptor-positive patients. Presence of ER shows higher rate of recurrence and shorter survival of the patients than those with absence of ER. Recent attention has been focused on EGF and proto-oncogene, suggesting relationship of those to prognosis. PMID- 3479051 TI - [Tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer and its clinical significance]. AB - The clinical usefulness of tumor markers was discussed in gastrointestinal cancer. SCC antigen (subfraction of TA-4) was useful marker in esophageal squamous cell cancer, but was not so helpful in cancer treatment. CEA and CA19-9 were also available as tumor markers of gastric and colorectal cancers, but extremely increased levels were found in only advanced but in early cancer. There was no significant correlation between CEA and CA19-9 so the combination assay of a few kinds of tumor markers, especially CEA and CA19-9 were helpful in cancer treatment. PMID- 3479052 TI - [Evaluation of tumor marker CA15-3 in breast cancer]. AB - CA15-3, a new tumor marker for breast cancer, was determined in various malignant diseases including breast cancer and various benign diseases, and its clinical significance and usefulness were studied. In 18 normal individuals, the value of CA15-3 was 8.9 +/- 3.3 U/ml (mean +/- SD). In primary breast cancer, the positivity was 20% for Stage I, 0% for Stages II and III and 100% for Stage IV. Of 17 cases of recurrent breast cancer, 13 (77%) were shown to be positive. The therapeutic effect and the value of CA15-3 were well correlated with each other. As for other malignant tumors, positive cases were observed in 50% of recurrent cancer of the stomach and in 14% of malignant tumors of the biliary system. All of these cases were terminal-stage cancers. The CEA value determined simultaneously showed a good correlation, r = 0.87 (p less than 0.01) with CA15-3 in malignant tumors other than breast cancer. In breast cancer, however, the correlation between the two was low, r = 0.18. These results suggest that CA15-3 is not necessarily useful in the diagnosis of primary breast cancer, but is useful as an indicator of the effect of therapy for recurrent breast cancer and for the prediction of recurrence. PMID- 3479054 TI - Ventilator settings for newborn infants. PMID- 3479053 TI - Dicarboxylicaciduria and secondary carnitine deficiency in glycogenosis type IV. AB - A 3 year old boy developed an unusually mild form of glycogen storage disease type IV. Metabolic investigations showed severe abnormalities of fatty acid and carnitine metabolism. A muscle carnitine deficiency was found. Treatment with L carnitine orally led to a notable improvement in muscle strength. PMID- 3479055 TI - Delayed-type skin reaction to 2,4-dinitrophenylated epidermal cells in guinea pigs with contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. AB - Contact sensitivity (CS) induced by hapten has been thought to be analogous to delayed-type hypersensitivity, such as the Mantoux reaction, because of outstanding similarities between the two phenomena. It can be suggested that animals with CS respond also to intradermal injection of the conjugate of hapten and protein as well as to epicutaneous application of hapten. However, evidence against this has been reported. In the present experiments, delayed-type skin reaction (DSR) was successfully obtained in JY1 strain guinea pigs sensitized by painting the skin with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene using in vitro dinitrophenylated epidermal cell suspension (DNP-EC) as antigen for a delayed intradermal test. The experiment using anti-Ia alloantiserum and complement showed that the elicitation of DSR is due to the presence of Ia-positive cells (presumably Langerhans cells) among DNP-ECs. The delayed intradermal test with the conjugates such as haptenated ECs in the animals with CS is considered to be an experimentally useful way of analysing the antigen in the sensitivity. PMID- 3479056 TI - Increased susceptibility of newborn puppy mesenteric arteries to ouabain and reduced extracellular K+ concentration. AB - Responses to the inhibition of Na+, K+ exchange pump activity by a reduction in extracellular K+ concentration and by an addition of ouabain in isolated mesenteric arteries were compared between the newborn puppy and adult dog. In the arteries treated with phentolamine (10(-6)M) or reserpine (0.5 mg/kg), K+-free solution elicited a gradually developed contraction. The tension started to increase much sooner after the substitution with K+-free solution in the newborn than in the older groups; the time to reach 1/2 of the peak contraction was thus directly related to the age. In the newborn artery treated with phentolamine or reserpine, ouabain at a low concentration of 5 X 10(-8)M produced a prominent contraction, while it did not contract the adult artery. The ouabain-induced contraction in the newborn, as well as contractions induced by K+-free solution, was not inhibited by atropine, chlorpheniramine, saralasin, methysergide or aspirin. Contractile responses to norepinephrine and prostaglandin F2 alpha and relaxant responses to nitrite did not change with age in terms of the EC50 and the relative maximum response. Thus, Na+, K+ pump of mesenteric arterial smooth muscle at a resting tension seems more susceptible to the pump inhibition in the newborn than in the adult artery. PMID- 3479057 TI - Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. PMID- 3479058 TI - Serum IgG antibodies to lipopolysaccharides in various forms of periodontal disease in man. AB - Serum IgG antibody titres to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from two strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were significantly elevated in juvenile periodontitis compared with other types of periodontal disease and with controls (p less than 0.05). The highest antibody titres to Bacteroides gingivalis LPS were in juvenile periodontitis, but this difference was significant only against the control group (p less than 0.01). In adult mild periodontitis there were higher antibody levels to LPS from Veillonella parvula compared with all other groups and controls (p less than 0.05). The possibility that high antibody titres to LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans may play a protective role in juvenile periodontitis needs further investigation. PMID- 3479059 TI - Biochemical and morphological studies of human diploid and fluoride-resistant fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Fluoride-resistant (FR 30) lines were produced from human diploid fibroblast (NDU 1) cells by progressively increasing the concentration of fluoride (F) in the growth medium up to 1.58 mM. This concentration completely inhibited the growth of the original cells. The resistant cells had decreased incorporation of [14C] leucine and an increased rate of the cell division. The activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the FR 30 cells were lower than in the NDU-1 cells. The FR 30 cells had irregular shapes and sizes; the amount of undeveloped rough endoplasmic reticulum and the number of lysosomes were increased. These biochemical and morphological changes in FR 30 cells suggest that their metabolic activities were depressed by F, although they have some degree of F resistance. PMID- 3479060 TI - The ultrastructure of human gingival Langerhans cells in health and disease. AB - There was a statistically significant shift towards increased proportions of type I Langerhans cells (containing many Langerhans-cell granules) and reduced proportions of both type II Langerhans cells (containing few granules) and indeterminate cells in diseased oral epithelium when compared to healthy oral epithelium. Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells were also seen in the sulcular epithelium of healthy and diseased specimens but never in junctional or pocket-lining epithelium. PMID- 3479061 TI - Responses of somatosensory cortical neurones to tooth pressure and their modulation by transient mouth opening in the cat. AB - One hundred and thirty two cortical neurones sensitive to mechanical tooth stimulation were detected from the caudal part of the coronal gyrus of the cat. They responded to transient mechanical stimulation of the tooth (TMTst) with initial burst discharges (latency; 14.9 +/- 8.7 ms) and sequential suppression of spontaneous discharges (duration; 218 +/- 142 ms). They also fired strongly at the onset and removal of sustained mechanical stimulation of the tooth (SMTst) with both on and off responses, but the responses for the duration of stimulation were indistinguishable from the spontaneous discharge level. Conditioning stimulation by transient mouth opening (TMOst) inhibited the on and off responses elicited by tooth pressure in 13 (56.5 per cent) of the 23 cortical neurones and in 16 (88.9 per cent) of the 18 neurones tested, respectively. On reversing the conditioning-test sequence, the response elicited by TMOst was inhibited by the onset and removal of SMTst in 12 (52.2 per cent) of the 23 neurones and in 8 (44.4 per cent) of the 18 neurones tested, respectively. The inhibitory period ranged from 50 to 250 ms. PMID- 3479062 TI - Effect of age and periodontal disease status in man on the spontaneous proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP), as a measure of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), was used to detect possible systemic immunoregulatory differences between periodontally-diseased subjects and age-matched controls. Forty-four subjects formed four groups; young-healthy (YH), young-diseased (YD), old-healthy (OH) and old-diseased (OD) based on clinical examination to assess loss of attachment and bleeding on gentle probing. The mean loss of periodontal attachment for the YD, OH and OD groups was 5.9, 3.3 and 6.0 mm respectively, and the mean bleeding index was 0.39, 0.18 and 0.44. Their SLP was assessed using peripheral-blood mononuclear cells on days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in culture. The peak response for the YH group occurred at day 7; that of the OH group was not until day 9, suggesting that age may alter the kinetics of the reaction as a delay in peak responsiveness. Using log transformation, to reduce individual variations within each group, SPL of peripheral-blood mononuclears from diseased subjects was depressed at day 7 for the young age group (p less than 0.01) and at day 9 for the older group (p less than 0.05). Not all diseased subjects had a depressed response, suggesting that SPL per se may reflect current rather than past disease activity. It seems that SPL could identify particular disease groups provided age and time of peak responsiveness are taken into account. PMID- 3479063 TI - An investigation of the theoretical background for the stability of the calcium phosphate salts and their mutual conversion in aqueous solutions. AB - A computer program for calculation of ion-activity products, in aqueous calcium phosphate solutions and suspensions, was used to construct solubility diagrams which demonstrate the stability and instability fields of the calcium phosphates relative to various parameters. With increasing pH, the solubility of all calcium phosphate salts decreased (with a solubility increase above pH 12); the most important factors in apatite solubility were pH, the fluoride concentration and the ion strength. It was inferred that apatite owes its instability below pH 5 to its increasing solubility relative to that of brushite. Calculation on amorphous tricalcium phosphate showed that this salt in the pH range above 5 was so soluble that the concurrent supersaturation with respect to either brushite or apatite would induce their formation causing the instability of the amorphous salt. PMID- 3479064 TI - Gross anatomy of the mandibular joint and masticatory muscles in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa). AB - The mandibular joint (MJ) and masticatory muscles in 15 domestic pigs, aged 1 year, were investigated during and after dissection. The joint consisted of a fossa, disc and condyle surrounded by a ligamentous capsule. The fossa was almost flat, slightly convex antero-posteriorly and concave medio-laterally; the disc was biconcave and the condyle oval. The long axis of the condyles formed an anteriorly orientated angle to the frontal plane. The masticatory muscles were similar to human ones except for the pig zygomatico-mandibular muscle. The resemblance between the anatomy of the porcine and human joint and masticatory muscles makes the pig a useful animal for functional studies of the masticatory system. PMID- 3479065 TI - The influence of jaw position and antagonistic tooth relations on the appearance of a short-latency excitatory reflex in the human masseter muscles following mechanical tooth stimulation. AB - Post-stimulus electromyographic complexes (PSEC) were elicited by standardized tapping of a central upper incisor in 12 subjects during isometric voluntary biting in two positions, the incisor edge-to-edge (IEE) or the maximal occlusion (MO). In IEE a short latency excitatory peak (P wave) was present in the PSEC; this was absent in MO. By superimposing the rough EMG sweeps without full-wave rectification, it appeared that this P wave was brought about by synchronous masseter motor-unit firing. PMID- 3479066 TI - An unusual function for the medial pterygoid muscle in the guinea pig. AB - This muscle has some physiological properties resembling those of jaw-opening muscles. Biomechanical analysis showed that, because of the anatomical peculiarities of the feeding apparatus in caviid rodents, the action of the muscle changes from closing to opening as the mandibular condyles are protruded in the groove-like mandibular fossa. This unusual changing function may be useful in producing the ventral, medial and anterior power stroke of mastication. PMID- 3479067 TI - Myelinated fibre diameters of human inferior alveolar nerves. AB - These were examined in a series of 36 human post-mortem specimens. One unimodal, 32 bimodal and 1 trimodal diameter curves were demonstrated; group analysis of all samples gave a bimodal curve with 2-4 and 8-9 microns peaks. PMID- 3479068 TI - Biochemical abnormalities of rat lingual epithelium following chronic alcohol intake. AB - Slab-gel electrophoresis of lingual epithelial protein preparations showed that in alcoholic animals there was a reduction in the presence of a high molecular weight glycoprotein and a concomitant increase in two low molecular-weight proteins. PMID- 3479069 TI - Uptake of 45Ca from a topically-applied monofluorophosphate sodium fluoride calcium hydroxide dentifrice by rat enamel. AB - Relative 45Ca-uptake in vivo was determined by etchings after dentifrice application between 18 and 22 days of age; uptake increased and the Ca and P that dissolved decreased with application time. The mechanism of 45Ca-uptake from the dentifrice may be due to either isotopic exchange or to the precipitation or crystal growth of calcium and phosphate. PMID- 3479070 TI - The relationship between IgA antibodies to Streptococcus mutans antigens in human saliva and breast milk and the numbers of indigenous oral Streptococcus mutans. AB - The influence of indigenous Streptococcus mutans on naturally-occurring levels of IgA antibodies was studied in 42 lactating females. Breast milk, parotid and whole-saliva samples were collected and analysed by the ELISA method for IgA antibodies, reacting with antigens from Strep. mutans. All salivas and breast milk showed IgA antibody activity to five antigenic preparations from Strep. mutans and to a pool of Escherichia coli antigens. No correlation was observed between the IgA antibody level in breast milk and that in saliva. The total IgA in breast milk was, however, considerably higher than in the salivas. In subjects with active caries and subjects with high DMFS scores, there was a tendency toward lower levels of IgA antibodies in whole saliva than in subjects with low caries experience. The levels of specific IgA antibodies in saliva did not reflect the amount of indigenous Strep. mutans present in the mouth at the time of sampling. PMID- 3479072 TI - Light-microscopic studies on spatial and temporal binding of the lectins concanavalin A, wheat-germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin in early rat odontogenesis. AB - The spatial distribution and temporal expression of alpha-D-mannosyl(glucosyl)-, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl- and beta-D-galactosyl residues as detected by peroxidase conjugated lectins correlated with early odontogenic events in six principal developmental stages (fetal days 13.5, 14, 15, 17, 18.5 and 19.5). The odontogenic epithelium of 13.5- and 14-day-old fetuses was characterized by strong concanavalin A (Con A) binding and between days 17 and 19.5, the stellate reticulum displayed strong peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding. Between 15 and 19.5, differentiation of dental ectomesenchyme was characterized by a rhythmic expression of terminal galactosyl residues shown by PNA-binding. At the developing dental basement membrane, there were various carbohydrate-specific regions. At days 13.5 and 14, the odontogenic basement membrane was specific for N-acetyl-D-glucosamines detected by wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA). The results suggest that the carbohydrates present at the inner dental basement membrane at days 17 to 19.5 may be involved in cell-matrix interactions during cytodifferentiation. PMID- 3479071 TI - Effect of clonidine on secretion of fluid and ions by the parotid and submandibular glands of the rat. AB - Secretion in response to this alpha 2-adrenergic agonist was evaluated in the presence and absence of several adrenergic antagonists, reserpine and sympathectomy (Sx). In both glands, the response was qualitatively but not quantitatively similar to that induced by the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, in the presence of propranolol. With clonidine, the volume of submandibular saliva was much higher but the Ca concentration was 3-4 times lower than that of the parotid; both salivas had low Na but high K concentrations. Clonidine-induced secretion was almost completely blocked by the alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist, prazosin and a mixed alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, and markedly reduced by the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine, but unaffected by the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol. Reserpine reduced the parotid, but enhanced the submandibular secretory response to clonidine. Results in Sx glands were similar. Thus, in the rat glands clonidine may activate alpha 1-rather than alpha 2-adrenoceptors, which appear to play a part similar to alpha 1-adrenoceptors only after reserpine or Sx. PMID- 3479073 TI - Effects of denervation on cell-to-cell communication between acinar cells of rat submandibular salivary gland. AB - Communication measured by electrical cell coupling and dye transfer decreased transiently 1 day after parasympathectomy and then recovered 2 days later. Parasympathectomy decreased communication again 2 weeks later, coinciding with a decrease in the wet weight of the gland, but sympathectomy did not affect it. Thus parasympathetic nerve activity may be required for the regulation and maintenance of cell-to-cell communication in the rat submandibular gland. PMID- 3479074 TI - Directionality of dental trait frequency between human second deciduous and first permanent molars. AB - Dental traits were scored for second deciduous molars (dm2) and first permanent molars (M1) on casts of the dental arches of children aged 7-11 years. The children were from four different ethnic groups. The overall frequency of traits differed between the groups but the relative frequency of expression of traits in the two teeth showed a similar pattern. Traits such as continuous oblique ridge, Carabelli cusp, Y pattern and 7th cusp, that appear in the early stages of development, were more frequent in dm2 than in M1. Wrinkling, occlusal tubercles and marginal ridge cusps were more frequent in M1; these appear later. Thus the relative frequency of traits in these teeth reflects their ontogenetic history. PMID- 3479075 TI - Increased dental caries activity in pre-school children with low baseline levels of serum IgG antibodies against the bacterial species Streptococcus mutans. AB - The caries increment was followed for two years in 33 children, aged 2.6-4.9 years at the start of the investigation. This was analysed in relation to Streptococcus mutans counts in dental plaque and serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against Strep. mutans 10449 (serotype c). Furthermore, related factors, sugar, fluoride consumption and oral hygiene, were analysed. Large numbers of Strep. mutans in dental plaque were significantly associated with high caries incidence. Children with dental caries at the first examination and an increasing incidence of caries throughout the study period had significantly lower serum IgG antibodies against Strep. mutans (p = 0.006) than those whose caries activity was decreasing or who were caries-free at the beginning of the follow-up. The protective effect of specific serum IgG antibodies was most pronounced on the approximal surfaces of deciduous molars. Specific IgA or IgM antibodies were not associated with the development of caries. PMID- 3479076 TI - Retrusive endurance, fatigue and recovery of human jaw muscles at various isometric force levels. AB - The effect of a sustained isometric retrusive contraction on maximum voluntary retrusive force levels was measured in normal jaw function. Surface electromyographic recordings of the suprahyoids, masseter and posterior temporalis were taken and force was measured with a force transducer. Subjects sustained isometric force at the 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent level, and measurements made before, during and after these sustained isometric tasks. There was no change in the brief maximum voluntary contraction levels of the retruder muscles during or after such tasks, which suggests a lack of contractile or electrical failure in these muscles. Pain intolerance, rather than demonstrable neuromuscular fatigue, was the limiting factor for sustained submaximal or even maximal contraction effort. PMID- 3479077 TI - Glycosaminoglycans in human salivary-duct stones. AB - These were demonstrated using histochemical and biochemical techniques. The presence of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate was confirmed by enzymic digestion. These substances may arise from inflammation in peri-ductal tissue. PMID- 3479078 TI - Light and transmission electron microscopy of the effects of calcium, magnesium and phosphate on dentine and enamel formed by rat molars in vitro. AB - The effect of addition of eight different combinations of Ca, Mg and P supplements (control, Ca, Mg, P, CaMg, CaP, PMg and CaMgP) on three-day-old rat maxillary second molars, explanted at the premineralizing stage and cultured for two weeks, was studied. Light-microscopy sections, cut parallel to the occlusal plane, were divided into four sectors and given a score according to an ordinal scale for dentine and enamel depending on the regularity of these matrices. An analysis of variance on these scores revealed a significant favourable effect of Mg, CaMg and CaMgP and an adverse effect of Ca on enamel. A favourable effect on dentine regularity was obtained after addition of Ca or Mg. Ultrastructurally, enamel changes such as amorphous enamel matrix, voids and disturbance in rod interrod pattern were seen after addition of Ca, P, CaP. Thin enamel with less tight packing of crystals was observed after CaMg addition. A thick layer of enamel with highly-organized rod-interrod pattern was seen with Mg, PMg and CaMgP addition. It is suggested that Mg plays an important role in the interaction with Ca and P for the harmonious development of enamel and dentine in vitro. PMID- 3479079 TI - Isolation, chemical and biological characterization of sulphated glycoproteins synthesized by rat buccal and palatal minor salivary glands in vivo and in vitro. AB - 35S-labelled sulphated glycoproteins (SGP) were isolated from these glands after the incorporation of radiosulphate in vivo and in vitro by fractionation of tissue and medium extracts on Sepharose 4B and partial purification by DEAE Sephacel anion exchange chromatography. Fractions were assessed for purity by SDS PAGE and by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis. Molecular weights ranged from 34,000 to 5 X 10(6). It was notable that the molecular size of SGP from the in vitro media was generally lower than from the corresponding tissue fractions, particularly for the palatal samples. The fractions were heterogeneous and contained no sulphated glycosaminoglycans; they had high levels of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine and serine, but there was no major difference in amino acid composition between them. Carbohydrate analysis indicated typical components associated with sulphated glycoproteins, including fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Protein:carbohydrate ratios ranged from 0.1:1.0-3.5:1.0 and ester sulphate from 0.8 to 16.2 per cent. All fractions exhibited blood-group A reactivity and aggregated Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7864; several fractions interacted similarly with Streptococcus mutans OMZ61. PMID- 3479080 TI - Factors influencing the bioavailability of fluoride from calcium-rich, health food products and CaF2 in man. AB - After single, oral doses, 8 h profiles of fluoride (F) concentrations in plasma were determined in healthy human volunteers. Bioavailability of F from bone-meal, calcium and CaF2 tablets was evaluated in relation to that of NaF. Tablets were administered either whole or as a finely-ground powder, either to fasting subjects or with breakfast. Availability was lowest from whole tablets taken by fasting subjects, and highest from powdered substances given with breakfast. Mean F availabilities ranged between 7.2 and 39 per cent with bone-meal tablets, between 20 and 59 per cent with Ca tablets, and between 0 and 47 per cent with CaF2 tablets. PMID- 3479081 TI - A transmission electron-microscope stereological study of the blood vessels, oxytalan fibres and nerves of mouse-molar periodontal ligament. AB - Mandibular, mesiobuccal ligament was sectioned from the alveolar crest to the apex at predetermined levels. Data collected using standard point counting procedures was analysed for main effects due to animal, side of mouth, depth and zone across the ligament. Statistically-significant variations only occurred between different lateral thirds with the middle third containing the most oxytalan fibres and the bone third the greatest vascular and neural volumes. Stereology showed that the ligament was 3-7 times more vascular than other connective tissues. Eighty-eight per cent of the periodontal blood volume was enclosed in vessels with a mean lumenal diameter of 20.9 microns and characterized by a thin endothelial lining and few perivascular cells. These vessels had a surface density of 125.1 cm2/cm3. Oxytalan fibres had a length density of 1258 X 10(3) cm/cm3 and a mean caliper diameter of 0.7 micron. Furthermore, 78 per cent of fibres were adjacent to cells, 14 per cent within principal collagen fibres and 8 per cent in the walls of blood vessels. The length density of nerves within the ligament was 255.9 X 10(3) cm/cm3. Unmyelinated axons constituting 95 per cent of periodontal nerve fibres had a mean caliper diameter of 1.4 micron. PMID- 3479082 TI - Polymorphous geniohyoid muscles of mice, rats and hamsters. AB - The geniohyoid has been characterized as a parallel-fibred muscle extending from the mandibular symphysis to the hyoid body. Motor end-plate staining of dissected whole muscles showed that only in the hamster does the geniohyoid architecture correspond to the usual description of simple parallel fibres. In rats and mice, the muscle was complex with two banks of myofibres separated by a tendinous intersection. Geniohyoid was attached mainly to a basihyal raphe shared by the sternohyoid. A septate geniohyoid may be a primitive feature of mammals because it also exists in the opossum and tree shrew. The segmental disposition of the geniohyoid in rats and mice reflects its serial homology with other compound ventral muscles, such as sternohyoid and rectus abdominis. Architectural patterns of myofibres and connective tissue were distinctive for each species. PMID- 3479083 TI - Relative cariogenicity and in-vivo plaque-forming ability of the bacterium Streptococcus oralis in gnotobiotic WAG/RIJ rats. AB - The rats, fed a high sucrose diet, were mono-infected with seven strains of Streptococcus oralis. Moderate levels of caries were induced by four strains, and three others induced low levels. Approximal lesions were induced by two strains; no buccal/lingual lesions were produced. Scanning electron microscopy showed that all strains colonized the tooth fissures, some strains producing a moderately abundant and dense plaque. The most cariogenic strains (PB178, PB180 and PB186) induced similar levels of caries to Streptococcus milleri. PMID- 3479084 TI - Acid diffusion analysis of different forms of fluoride in human dental plaque. AB - Fluoride concentration was determined by: (a) extraction with diphenylsilanediol after combustion of the plaque in an oxygen bomb; (b) acid diffusion from 0.5 M HClO4 for 16 h at room temperature; (c) acid diffusion from 4.6 M HClO4 for 16 h at room temperature; and (d) acid diffusion from 18 M H2SO4 for 16 h at 60 degrees C. The total fluoride was determined by all the diffusion procedures, and there was no evidence of a large proportion of the plaque fluoride being released only after treatment with strong acid (18 M H2SO4). When approx. 10 mg of plaque was extracted three times with 0.1 ml 0.5 M HClO4, 81 per cent of the fluoride was released by one 5 min extraction. After three extractions no further fluoride was detected when the residue was diffused from 4.6 M HClO4 for 16 h at room temperature. When larger plaque samples (21-66 mg) were extracted four times with 1 ml 0.5 M HClO4, 85 per cent of the fluoride was in the first extract, and none was detected in the fourth. Treatment of the residue with 18 M H2SO4 for 16 h at 60 degrees C released a further, small amount which may constitute up to 3 per cent of the total plaque fluoride. Thus the amount of tightly-bound plaque fluoride, released only by treatment with strong acid, is much smaller than previously believed. PMID- 3479085 TI - Regulation of free Ca2+ by subcellular fractions of rat incisor odontoblasts. AB - A miniaturized Ca2+ electrode system was developed to monitor small and fast fluctuations of Ca2+ activity in the micromolar range in 100 microliters volumes. This was used to study Ca2+ influx/efflux cycling in suspensions of rat odontoblast and liver-cell mitochondria and microsomes, as well as in whole odontoblasts with plasma membranes made permeable by digitonin. The steady-state free-Ca2+ activity maintained by mitochondria was pCa 6.2-6.4, and that of microsomes pCa 6.4-6.6. These levels were held upon repeated additions of Ca2+ and EGTA. The odontoblast mitochondria and microsomes had an intracellular Ca2+ buffering capacity similar to that of liver cells. The steady-state pCa level maintained in suspensions of digitonin-permeabilized whole odontoblasts was 6.4 6.6. Thus, this study gave no evidence for any specialized intracellular handling of Ca2+ in cells involved in mineralization. PMID- 3479086 TI - Fenestrated capillaries in the periodontal ligaments of the erupting and erupted rat molar. AB - Quantitative ultrastructural studies were conducted on eight rats (four aged 21 days and four aged 8 weeks) using the periodontal tissues around the mesial root of the mandibular first molar. The periodontal ligament of the erupting tooth contained significantly more capillary fenestrations than the erupted tooth, both in terms of the number per unit area of endothelium (2.2/microns2) and in terms of total number per cubic millimetre of tissue (30.5 X 10(6)/mm3). Differences were also discerned with respect to the percentage of capillaries in the tissue. Thus, the periodontal vasculature demonstrates marked morphological changes which may be related to the eruptive phase of the tooth. PMID- 3479087 TI - Histology and microradiography of early post-natal molar tooth development in vitamin-D deficient rats. AB - The role of vitamin D on tooth-germ development was studied. The molars of vitamin D-deficient rats were compared with those of vitamin D-replete controls. The deficiency disturbed enamel and dentine mineralization and decreased their matrix secretion. Morphogenesis was affected; teeth were flattened and the whole of the epithelio-mesenchymal junction rippled. Where this irregularity was maximal, the inner dental epithelium and stratum intermedium were intermingled and the adjoining sub-odontoblast cells were mixed with poorly polarized odontoblasts. The cytodifferentiation of both central and sub-odontoblastic cells was inhibited. Thus vitamin D has a role in the early events of tooth development: morphogenesis, histodifferentiation and cytodifferentiation of pulp cells as well as in enamel and dentine mineralization. PMID- 3479088 TI - Changes in glucose metabolism in submandibular salivary glands of rats after isoproterenol or incisor-tooth amputation. AB - Rats were injected daily with isoproterenol (2 mg/kg of body wt) for up to five days, or their incisor teeth were amputated on every other day for up to five amputations. The animals were subdivided in two subgroups killed 12 or 24 h after the first or last intervention. At 12 h all enzymes except hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PFK) showed decreased activities after isoproterenol. After incisor amputation, only increased HK and PFK activities were observed. With both procedures, there is activation of beta-adrenergic receptors but results show that different biochemical events take place, suggesting different mechanisms. PMID- 3479089 TI - The first component of complement as a constituent of human salivary sediment. AB - The sediment from human saliva is complement-reactive. Evidence presented shows that C1 (first component of complement) is a constituent of sediment from healthy human donors. Sediment (Sed) inactivated functionally pure C4 (fourth component of complement), and this action on C4 was inhibited by EDTA, phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride (PMSF, a serine-esterase inhibitor) and C1 inhibitor (C1-In). When Sed was incubated with 0.15 ionic strength buffer and separated by centrifugation, C1 haemolytic activity was found in the supernatant. By incubating Sed with EAC4 cells (sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit antibody to which C4 has been fixed), transfer was shown of C1 from the Sed to the cells, resulting in the formation of EAC14; this transfer was inhibited by IgG directed against a subunit of C1 (anti-C1s). PMID- 3479090 TI - External radiolabelling of components of pellicle on human enamel and cementum. AB - Enamel and cementum pellicles form by different adsorption of salivary and serum components to the tooth surface. The authors compared the constituents of surface pellicle formed on human enamel and cementum under three conditions: (1) natural pellicle, present on extracted teeth, which was formed by prolonged exposure to human salivary and serum components in vivo; (2) short-term in-vivo pellicle, formed by exposing enamel and cementum slabs to the oral environment for 0-60 min; (3) in-vivo pellicle, formed by incubating enamel and cementum slabs in a 1:1 mixture of parotid and submandibular/sublingual saliva for 0-60 min. Pellicle composition was characterized by external radiolabelling techniques specific for exposed carbohydrate (sialic acid and galactose) and amino-acid (tyrosine) residues. There were differences between cementum and enamel in the electrophoretic profiles of natural-pellicle components; notably, a major 180 kda 3H-labelled sialoglycoprotein, unique to the cementum pellicle, had the same electrophoretic mobility as the low-molecular-weight mucin from human submandibular/sublingual saliva. After alkaline-borohydride treatment, 3H labelled natural-pellicle oligosaccharides chromatographed in the di- to tetrasaccharide region of a Bio-Gel P-2 column. The most prominently labelled components of short-term enamel and cementum pellicles in vivo and in vitro had the same electrophoretic mobility as the low-molecular-weight salivary mucin. The pellicle components formed in vitro, unlike those formed for the same period of time in vivo, were rapidly desorbed from the cementum, but not from the enamel surface. We conclude that: (1) external labelling techniques are useful for obtaining a profile of pellicle components; (2) submandibular/salivary mucins are major constituents of salivary pellicles on tooth surfaces; (3) glycoproteins that carry low-molecular-weight, sialic-acid-containing saccharides are important determinants of pellicle surface properties [corrected]. PMID- 3479091 TI - Regional variability in the permeability of human dentine. AB - This was measured qualitatively by using dyes and quantitatively by hydraulic conductance in dentine discs and crown segments in vitro. Both types of preparation demonstrated large regional differences in permeability, with the highest values at the periphery and the lowest in the centre of the disc or crown. As dentine permeability may vary 3-10-fold across a few millimetres, investigators should use as large a surface area as possible to compensate for these regional differences. PMID- 3479092 TI - The control of bite-force in relation to jaw position and load in man. AB - Whether bite-force is controlled independently of mouth opening, and jaw position is controlled independently of the imposed load of the mandible, was examined. Subjects were asked to match, at 15 and 30 mm inter-incisor distance, reference forces of 2, 10 and 50 N exerted at 15 and 30 mm mouth opening. They were able to grade bite-force, as matches made of the different forces hardly overlapped. However, at a 5 per cent level of significance in 90 per cent of the cases, the matches were dependent on jaw position. The imprecision of the 2 N matches was about 40 per cent of the reference force; those of the 10 and 50 N matches were about 25 per cent. Thus a mechanism controlling bite-force with any degree of precision is absent in the jaw system. PMID- 3479093 TI - The influence of albumin on adsorption of bacteria on hydroxyapatite beads in vitro and human tooth surfaces in vivo. AB - Fewer streptococci adsorbed in vitro to hydroxyapatite (HA) beads treated with bovine albumin when compared to HA treated with buffer or with saliva. Approximately 60 per cent of adsorbed [3H]-albumin persisted on HA when incubated for 24 h in clarified whole or parotid saliva. Also, fewer bacteria were recovered from vigorously-pumiced, molar-tooth surfaces 24 h after application of albumin compared to buffer-treated controls. PMID- 3479094 TI - Stimulation of mannose incorporation into rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells by parathyroid hormone. AB - Agents considered to alter cAMP accumulation in bone cells were evaluated for their effects on protein production and sugar incorporation by bone cells. Total protein production or mannose incorporation by cells and in media were measured by the amount of radioactivity incorporated into trichloroacetic-acid precipitable fractions. Incorporation of radioactive leucine into the cellular and secreted proteins was linear over 5 h; radioactive mannose incorporation was linear only up to 2 h. Cells were also incubated with selected agents and radioactive mannose or leucine for 2 h. Addition of parathyroid hormone (PTH), isoproterenol or dibutyryl cAMP to osteoblasts resulted in a significant increase in mannose incorporation; dibutyryl cGMP and butyric acid had no effect on mannose incorporation. None of the agents altered total protein production. Thus PTH stimulates mannose incorporation into osteoblasts and this effect is, at least in part, modulated by cAMP. PMID- 3479095 TI - The effects of aggregated human IgG and IgG-immune complexes on the agglutination of bacteria mediated by non-immunoglobulin salivary agglutinins. AB - Non-immunoglobulin salivary agglutinins (SBA) for bacteria which bind to Streptococcus milleri TJ7 were isolated from parotid saliva and their interactions with human IgG studied. Purified SBA showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of approx. 500,000. Heat aggregated human IgG (63 degrees C, 30 min), but not native IgG, interacted with SBA and thereby interfered with the ability of the SBA to agglutinate Strep. milleri. Immune complexes prepared from tetanus toxoid and isolated human IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody also inhibited salivary bacterial agglutination by SBA; antigen (tetanus toxoid) alone or antibody (anti-tetanus toxoid antibody) alone did not have this effect. Direct-binding studies with immobilized SBA on nitrocellulose paper showed that aggregated IgG bound to immobilized SBA and that this binding was inhibited by EDTA. Thus it appears that heat or specific antigen is able to induce an aggregation of IgG which results in the binding of the aggregated form of IgG to SBA. PMID- 3479096 TI - Biochemical changes in periodontal ligament ground substance associated with short-term intrusive loadings in adult monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis). AB - Proteoglycan-like fractions (PG) were isolated from the ligaments of teeth undergoing various degrees of intrusive loadings. The PG were characterized by their molecular-size profiles on Sepharose 4B, the presence of uronic acid in the separated fractions and by the electrophoretic detection of constituent glycosaminoglycans including heparan sulphate, hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulphate and chondroitin-4-sulphate. The high molecular-weight fraction, peak i (estimated minimum size, 2 X 10(6) daltons) of the normal-functioning (stressed) ligament was reduced approx. 70 per cent, compared with ligament undisturbed for 3 h. There was a decrease in peak-i size between 0.25 and 1 N loadings of approx. 72 per cent. The 4 N loadings produced a further decrease followed by an increase during a 3 h undisturbed recovery phase. Thus changes in the chemistry and properties of the ground-substance components of the periodontal ligament could partly explain changes in tooth mobility. PMID- 3479097 TI - A scanning electron-microscopic, stereo-pair study of methacrylate corrosion casts of the mouse palatal and molar periodontal microvasculature. AB - Microvascular beds of the palate, gingiva and periodontal ligament had interconnected but distinct, regional patterns. The palatal vasculature reflected mucosal-crest morphology: crestal capillary vessels of the rugae anastomosed with sagitally-orientated rows of 8 microns capillary loops, and, in the inter-rugal troughs, these formed a flat plexus overlying collecting veins more than 100 microns in diameter. Maxillary and mandibular molar ligaments had similar microvascular patterns. The molar gingiva had a circular, outer capillary and inner venous system linked by radial anastomoses. The outer (7 microns) capillaries enclosed the three molars in a continuous horizontal loop coursing beneath the crestal epithelium; the inner (10-15 microns) venous vessels encircled each molar just below the epithelial attachment. Glomerulus-like vascular formations, with an arterial and venous stalk, were associated with the inner circular system and extended toward the crevicular epithelium. Axially aligned, post-capillary, periodontal-ligament vessels (21 microns) anastomosed with the inner circular system, forming different patterns in the occlusal, middle and apical thirds. The apical pattern comprised an enveloping plexus of anastomosing venous vessels supplied by arterio-venous shunts; similar shunts were present throughout the ligament. The microvascular bed of the mandibular inter-radicular ligament was characterized by the presence of a large venous ampulla measuring 60 by 200 microns. Some regions of the ligament microvasculature drained via the medullary vessels into 50 microns-diameter venules located interdentally deep to the molar apices. Volumetrically, the ligament microvascular bed was predominantly of post-capillary venules, and morphologically, a paired arterial and venous system was not demonstrated. PMID- 3479098 TI - The distribution pattern of fluoride concentrations in human cementum. AB - The distribution of fluoride across human cementum has been determined on 59 individual teeth taken post mortem from five subjects aged 30, 43, 54, 66 and 70 years. Eight teeth of different types were examined from each of the five subjects together with a further 19 teeth from the 54-year-old, making a total of 27 teeth from this subject. As in a previous study, F concentrations were generally higher towards the surface of the cementum, but there were considerable variations between F gradients. The teeth from each subject seemed to comprise a family of profiles, characteristic of the individual. PMID- 3479099 TI - A mathematical description of the comminution of food during mastication in man. AB - Chewing performance was quantified by determining the particle-size distribution of comminuted food as a function of the number of chewing strokes. The rate of food breakdown was taken to be the result of a combined selection and breakage process; this was quantified in a mathematical model. A linear operation on the particle-size distribution described the changes in this distribution that resulted from an additional chewing stroke. Detailed information was obtained from eight subjects on the selection and breakdown of food particles of different sizes. There were considerable inter-individual differences in the selection chances for small particles. The mathematical method facilitates study of the influence of dental morphology and muscle-related factors on the comminution of food particles. PMID- 3479100 TI - The variation in the size and shape of the human speech pattern with incisor tooth relation. AB - A mandibular kinesiograph was used to monitor the movement of the lower incisors of young dentate adults reading a standard text. An interface to a microcomputer which recorded and analysed these movements. As the tracings accumulated on the computer monitor, a characteristic pattern was produced. The dimensions of this speech pattern, or envelope of movement, were measured and correlated with the subject's sex and incisor classification. Four distinct patterns were found and these correlated well with incisor classification. Small differences were noted in the dimensions of the speech envelope between men and women, but these were not significant. PMID- 3479101 TI - Pulp re-innervation in re-implanted canine teeth of the cat. AB - This was investigated 24 weeks post-operatively by light and electron microscopy. The number of axons in the pulp at the root apex ranged from 7.5 to 76.2 per cent of the number in the contralateral control tooth. The myelinated fibres were smaller and did not penetrate as far as the coronal pulp. PMID- 3479102 TI - The continuing relevance of voluntary accreditation: the Joint Commission and its agenda for change. PMID- 3479104 TI - Temporomandibular joint ankylosis. PMID- 3479103 TI - The dental health and treatment needs of middle-aged and older patients attending 21 general dental practitioners in South Australia. PMID- 3479105 TI - Overtreatment with removable partial dentures in shortened dental arches. PMID- 3479106 TI - Hepatitis B virus: the risk to Australian dentists and dental health care workers. PMID- 3479108 TI - Odontomes in an Australian population. PMID- 3479107 TI - Abnormal reaction to subgingivally placed dental amalgam studied by transmission electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. Case report. PMID- 3479109 TI - The use of 4 per cent sodium hypochlorite, with or without ultrasound, in cleansing of uninstrumented immature root canals; SEM study. PMID- 3479110 TI - Dental aspects of child abuse. PMID- 3479111 TI - Root resorption. PMID- 3479112 TI - Genetics and oral health. PMID- 3479113 TI - CA125 serum levels and secondary laparotomy in epithelial ovarian tumours. AB - CA125 serum levels were assayed prior to 57 secondary laparotomies for ovarian epithelial tumours. Tumour was present in all 16 patients with an elevated level greater than 35 U/ml but the absence of tumour was incorrectly predicted in 15 of the 33 (45.5%) patients with CA125 levels less than 35 U/ml. For these patients the CA125 level was elevated in 14 of 20 (70%) with tumour greater than 1.5 cm, 1 of 7 (14.3%) with macroscopic tumour less than or equal to 1.5 cm and 1 of 4 (25%) with microscopic tumour. Tumour was resectable to less than or equal to 0.5 cm in 7 of 12 (58.3%) patients with CA125 less than 35 U/ml, 2 of 4 (50%) with CA125 in the range 35-100 U/ml and only 1 of 11 (9.1%) with CA125 greater than 100 U/ml (p less than .05). The CA125 level was elevated in 1 of 13 (7.7%) patients with less than 15 cm3 of tumour compared with 16 of 18 (88.9%) patients with 15 cm3 of tumour or more (p less than .0001). The correlation between the CA125 serum level and the tumour volume was almost statistically significant (r = +0.31, p = .053). The level of CA125 was normal in all 8 patients with mucinous tumours--4 of whom were found to have tumour at secondary surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479114 TI - Toxicity of enzymically-oxidized low-density lipoprotein. AB - Intravenous injection of cholesterol oxidase into hyperlipidemic rabbits in which aortic atheromatous lesions have been induced by dietary means is lethal within hours, whereas injection of the same enzyme into normal rabbits has no visible adverse effect. The lethal effect of the enzyme is explicable by the finding that injection of cholesterol-oxidase treated low-density lipoprotein kills normal rabbits, in contrast to untreated low-density lipoprotein which does not. Enzymically oxidized low-density lipoprotein was also found to be cytotoxic for two human cell lines and for cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. We suggest that in vivo enzymic conversion of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low density lipoprotein cholestenone may possibly play a role in the initiation of atheromatous lesions in humans. PMID- 3479115 TI - Remission of rheumatoid arthritis with the successful treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia with cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and m-AMSA. AB - We describe 2 patients in whom a sustained remission of longstanding rheumatoid arthritis occurred with treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia (cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and m-AMSA), even though both illnesses had been refractory to therapy with standard disease-modifying agents. These 2 patients represent the first successful treatment of rheumatoid disease using such an approach. PMID- 3479117 TI - [HPLC determination of cefotetan and its principle impurities]. PMID- 3479116 TI - Decreased activities of serine proteinases in spleen of various murine models of systemic lupus erythematodes. AB - Previous studies indicated a relationship between immune deficiencies and abnormalities in the activities of various hydrolytic enzymes, including proteinases, in tissues. In the present study, we compared such activities in spleen among the three types of murine models of systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) (i.e., New Zealand black/white mouse, MRL mouse, and BXSB mouse) and their controls. According to the results of multivariate analysis, it was shown that the most important enzymatic changes differentiating the pathologic animals from their controls were decreases in the activities of serine proteinases. Judging from the behavior of these enzymes in various immunological disturbances, it is likely that they play some important roles in pathophysiology of SLE. PMID- 3479118 TI - Effects of oral administration of nortriptyline, imipramine and citalopram on morphine hot-plate and tail-immersion analgesia in rats. PMID- 3479119 TI - Kinetic studies on the inhibitions of mast cell chymase by natural serine protease inhibitors: indications for potential biological functions of these inhibitors. AB - We have found that degranulation from mast cells is specifically inhibited by the inhibitors of chymase (10). Among the natural serine protease inhibitors tested, Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor, Eglin C, and human alpha 1 antichymotrypsin inhibited chymase more strongly than did chymostatin, Kunitz soybean protease inhibitor, and phosphatidylserine. Of the inhibitors tested, Bowman-Birk soybean protease inhibitor was the strongest inhibitor of chymase, its Ki value being 13.2 X 10(-9) M. Kinetic studies showed that these inhibitors were all noncompetitive inhibitors of chymase. Bowman-Birk and Kunitz soybean protease inhibitors inhibited both chymotrypsin-type and trypsin-type serine proteases but Eglin C specifically inhibited chymotrypsin-type proteases. PMID- 3479120 TI - Ability of human plasma to inhibit prostaglandin F2 alpha in asthma. AB - Human plasma has been reported to inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2 alpha. In the present study the plasma inhibitory activity was determined in three groups (16 each) of plasma obtained from normal healthy volunteers, treated asthmatics and untreated asthmatic patients. The result showed that plasma from all three groups were equally effective in inhibiting the biosynthesis of PGE2. Plasma of normal volunteers and treated asthmatics also inhibited PGF2 alpha biosynthesis. In contrast the plasma obtained from untreated asthmatics was considerably less active in inhibiting the biosynthesis of PGF2 alpha than plasma from the other two groups. PMID- 3479121 TI - 'Dentine hypersensitivity: a comparison of five toothpastes used during a 6-week treatment period'. PMID- 3479122 TI - 'Radiological features of the long-term effects from treatment of malignant disease in childhood'. PMID- 3479124 TI - 'Methods of reducing bacterial contamination of the atmosphere arising from use of an air-polisher'. PMID- 3479123 TI - Rubber dam and cross-infection. PMID- 3479125 TI - 'Bilateral facial swelling in bulimia'. PMID- 3479126 TI - Stainless steel mouth mirrors. PMID- 3479127 TI - The myelodysplastic syndrome presenting with oral symptoms. PMID- 3479128 TI - Mandibular incisor and canine ectopia. A case of two teeth erupted in the chin. PMID- 3479129 TI - Trends in oral surgery practice. PMID- 3479130 TI - Sugar-free medicines: a lost opportunity? PMID- 3479131 TI - A career in dentistry from a female viewpoint. PMID- 3479132 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3479133 TI - Hazard of autoclave bags. PMID- 3479134 TI - 'Information needs identified'. PMID- 3479136 TI - Charges for NHS checks. PMID- 3479135 TI - 'The most common disease in the world'. PMID- 3479137 TI - The new approach to caries diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3479138 TI - The dental status of workers on offshore installations in the UK oil and gas industry. PMID- 3479139 TI - Reducing rates of progression of dental caries in British schoolchildren. A study using bitewing radiographs. PMID- 3479140 TI - The provision of dentures and economic pressure. PMID- 3479141 TI - Recommendations on the education and training of dental technicians. PMID- 3479142 TI - The Great Wall and beyond. PMID- 3479143 TI - Dentistry the Chinese way. PMID- 3479145 TI - 'Facial fractures in children'. PMID- 3479144 TI - Edwina Currie MP. Interview by Margaret Seward. PMID- 3479146 TI - 'Letter from California'. PMID- 3479147 TI - 'Universal Plus' Pliers. PMID- 3479148 TI - Rubber glove hygiene. PMID- 3479150 TI - Orthodontic fees--the European comparison. PMID- 3479149 TI - 'General anaesthetic in dentistry--whose decision'. PMID- 3479151 TI - Study into classical migraine. PMID- 3479153 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3479152 TI - A longitudinal study of infant feeding practice, diet and caries, related to social class in children aged 3 and 8-10 years. PMID- 3479155 TI - No 'alcoholism' please, we're British. PMID- 3479156 TI - The future of the word 'alcoholism'. PMID- 3479154 TI - Effects of thiopentone or chlormethiazole on human placental stem villous arteries. AB - Small placental stem villous arteries were micro dissected from specimens obtained at normal term vaginal delivery (n = 25). Ring preparations of the vessels were mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was measured. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) 10(-7)-10(-4) mol litre-1 produced concentration-dependent contractile responses that were inhibited by thiopentone 10(-4)-10(-3) mol litre-1 and by chlormethiazole 3 x 10(-4)-3 x 10(-3) mol litre 1. Thiopentone 10(-4)-10(-3) mol litre-1 and chlormethiazole 3 x 10(-4)-3 x 10( 3) mol litre-1 decreased the tension in vessels previously treated with PGF2 alpha 10(-5) mol litre-1. Chlormethiazole 3 x 10(-3) mol litre-1 inhibited, and thiopentone 10(-4)-10(-3) mol litre-1 abolished contractile responses to 5 hydroxytryptamine. Contractions induced by angiotensin II were inhibited by thiopentone 10(-3) mol litre-1 and chlormethiazole 3 x 10(-3) mol litre-1. The concentrations of the two drugs needed to affect contractile activation of isolated human stem villous arteries exceeded the free plasma concentrations reached during anaesthesia induced by the agents during Caesarean section, and the present results do not suggest any major effects of thiopentone or chlormethiazole on fetal placental vascular resistance during the clinical use of these drugs. PMID- 3479157 TI - Substance use by internes and residents: an analysis of personal, social and professional differences. PMID- 3479158 TI - Age, alcohol consumption and the experiencing of negative consequences of drinking in four Scandinavian countries. PMID- 3479159 TI - Decline in alcohol-related problems in Sweden greatest among young people. PMID- 3479160 TI - The role of alcohol-dependent self-statements on drinking behaviour in a public bar. PMID- 3479161 TI - A comparison of inpatient management of drug dependence in 1979 and 1984. PMID- 3479162 TI - The development of an opiate withdrawal scale (OWS). PMID- 3479163 TI - Seeking help for drinking problems from a community-based voluntary agency. Patterns of compliance amongst men and women. PMID- 3479164 TI - Alcoholism in Sri Lanka: an epidemiological survey. PMID- 3479165 TI - Cannabis psychosis in young psychiatric patients. PMID- 3479166 TI - Employment in the U.K. alcohol and tobacco industries. PMID- 3479167 TI - Adolescent drinking. PMID- 3479168 TI - Rutgers: the Center of Alcohol Studies. PMID- 3479170 TI - The reliability and consistency of self-reports on substance use in a longitudinal study. PMID- 3479171 TI - Effects of polydrug use on the criminal activities of heroin-users. PMID- 3479169 TI - Drug addiction in the Federal Republic of Germany: problems and responses. PMID- 3479172 TI - The impact of self-presentation and interviewer bias effects on self-reported heroin use. PMID- 3479173 TI - Demographic characteristics and the frequency of heavy drinking as predictors of self-reported drinking problems. PMID- 3479174 TI - Local physostigmine in the management of early alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 3479175 TI - Brittle diabetes in a drug and alcohol abuser. PMID- 3479176 TI - Data note--10. Alcohol, tobacco and public opinion. PMID- 3479177 TI - Unemployment and drinking behaviour: some data from a general population survey of alcohol use. PMID- 3479178 TI - Measuring onset of 'caseness' in studies of stressful life events and alcohol abuse. PMID- 3479179 TI - Trends in alcohol consumption and deaths from diseases. PMID- 3479180 TI - Group work with substance abusers: basic issues and future research. PMID- 3479181 TI - Conversation with Donald Goodwin. PMID- 3479182 TI - Research Laboratories of the Finnish State Alcohol Company, Alko Ltd (Biomedical Department). PMID- 3479183 TI - Some comments on the 'Use and misuse of the concept of craving' by Kozlowski & Wilkinson: craving is more than a wooly scientific concept. PMID- 3479184 TI - Sex differences in help-seeking for alcohol problems--2. Entry into treatment. PMID- 3479185 TI - Thoughts on the Sheffield non-prescribing programme for narcotic users. PMID- 3479186 TI - Intussusception secondary to osteogenic sarcoma metastasis. PMID- 3479187 TI - Evaluation of splenectomy in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. AB - We performed splenectomy in four patients with severe neutropenia (less than 0.5 X 10(9)/l), recurrent infections, and splenomegaly associated with large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. Prior to splenectomy, elevated levels of neutrophil reactive IgG were detected in sera of all three patients tested. In all patients, enlargement of the spleen was due to a characteristic lymphoid infiltration of red pulp cords. Splenectomy resulted in an increased neutrophil count greater than 0.5 X 10(9)/l in all patients; this response was sustained in two patients who benefited clinically by a dramatic reduction in frequency of infections. Poor clinical response was associated with elevated levels of antineutrophil antibody post-splenectomy. All four patients had an increase in number of circulating large granular lymphocytes post-splenectomy; one patient who had attained a sustained neutrophil response died of an accelerated lymphoproliferative disorder 19 months post-splenectomy. We conclude that splenectomy may be of value in correcting severe neutropenia and reducing infections in some patients with large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. However, splenectomy appeared to be of no value in treatment of the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. PMID- 3479188 TI - Detection of the Tn antigen in leukaemia using monoclonal anti-Tn antibody and immunohistochemistry. AB - Exposure of the normally cryptic Tn antigen on haemopoietic cells leading to erythrocyte polyagglutination has been reported in a few cases of malignant or premalignant haemopoietic disorders and has been attributed to a selective deficiency of the enzyme 3-beta-D-galactosyl-transferase. A male patient presented with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with no evidence of Tn expression but, 16 months later, in the terminal stage of the disease, the majority of the erythrocytes were found to be polyagglutinable. Tn expression was confirmed by the use of lectins and by agglutination with a Tn-specific monoclonal antibody, FBT3. Retrospective studies of stored blood and bone marrow smears were performed by immunocytochemistry using FBT3. Tn positive cells were first detected in the marrow 8 months prior to death. They increased progressively in number and, in the terminal illness, over 90% of erythroid precursors in the marrow and erythrocytes in peripheral blood and 40% of granulocyte precursors of the marrow and 10% of granulocytes in the blood were Tn positive. These observations suggest that Tn expression was present in a subclone of cells which became dominant during the course of the disease and that there may be a relationship between Tn expression and leukaemic progression. PMID- 3479189 TI - Flow cytochemical patterns of white blood cells in human haematopoietic malignancies. II. Chronic leukaemias. AB - Peripheral blood samples from 73 patients with chronic leukaemia were measured with the Technicon H-6000 automated haematology analyser to provide flow cytochemical (peroxidase content) and volume (light scatter) discriminated scattergram patterns. For chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), these patterns were so reproducible and distinct that they allowed an immediate diagnosis even without the benefit of microscopic examination. Relative and absolute basophilia was an invariable feature, and remained detected by the H-6000 even when the patient was in haematologic and cytogenetic remission or progressed into blast crisis (BC). Most patients in BC also demonstrated an inordinately high number of large unstained cells (LUC) and high proportions of 'lymphocytes' (small blasts with no peroxidase content by visual inspection). Thus, for patients with CGL, LUC values above 10%, and/or steady increments in the proportion of 'lymphocytes', merit concern as these changes may herald an accelerated phase of disease. The scattergram pattern of untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) showed a dense accumulation of data points within the lymphocytic 'box' with a small cluster of granulocytic elements. Most patients also had a frankly abnormal proportion of LUC. Sixteen patients with CLL were compared for ratios of LUC to lymphocytes and stage of disease; patients with the most advanced stage (IV) had the highest, statistically significant values, than the patients with more benign disease. Thus, it is possible that follow up with this instrument of patients with CLL will also allow early detection of an impending prolymphocytoid transformation (accelerated phase) of this disease. PMID- 3479190 TI - Aggressive chemotherapy in the treatment of subacute myelomonocytic leukaemia with skin infiltration. PMID- 3479191 TI - Deliberate overfeeding in women and men: energy cost and composition of the weight gain. AB - 1. Thirteen adult females and two males were overfed a total of 79-159 MJ (19,000 38,000 kcal) during a 3-week period at the Clinical Research Center, Rochester. The average energy cost of the weight gain was 28 kJ (6.7 kcal)/g, and about half the gain consisted of lean body mass (LBM) as estimated by 40K counting. 2. A survey of the literature disclosed twenty-eight normal males and five females who had been overfed a total of 104-362 MJ (25,000-87,000 kcal) under controlled conditions: twenty-five of these had assays of body composition, and three had complete nitrogen balances. 3. When these values were combined with those from our subjects (total forty-eight), there was a significant correlation between weight gain and total excess energy consumed (r 0.77, P less than 0.01) and between LBM gain and excess energy (r 0.49, P less than 0.01). Based on means the energy cost was 33.7 kJ (8.05 kcal)/g gain and 43.6% of the gain was LBM; from regression analysis these values were 33.7 kJ (8.05 kcal)/g gain and 38.4% of gain as LBM. 4. Individual variations in the response could not be explained on the basis of sex, initial body-weight or fat content, duration of overfeeding, type of food eaten, amount of daily food consumption or, in a subset of subjects, on smoking behaviour. 5. The average energy cost of the weight gain was close to the theoretical value of 33.8 kJ (8.08 kcal)/g derived from the composition of the tissue gained. PMID- 3479192 TI - Comparison of effects of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2-alpha on circular and longitudinal myometrium from the pregnant rat. AB - Previous studies showed that circular (CM) and longitudinal myometrium (LM) have different physiological and pharmacological characteristics. To determine if such differences also exist with respect to the actions of oxytocin and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2 alpha), we compared the effects of these agents on the spontaneous contractions of CM and LM from rats on Days 15, 17, and 21 (term) of pregnancy. Both agents stimulated CM and LM on all gestation days, but the responses differed as follows: 1) the CM response to oxytocin was all-or-nothing on Days 15 and 17, to PGF2 alpha on Day 15, and was graded to both agents only at term; 2) the LM response to both agents was always graded; 3) the maximum response to oxytocin was always less in CM than in LM, and to PGF2 alpha was less in CM except at term, when it was greater than in LM; 4) the EC50 (effective concentration that produced 50% of the maximum response) for PGF2 alpha in CM was greater than in LM, indicating a lesser sensitivity of CM for this agent. Therefore, the heterogeneity between CM and LM extends to the effects of oxytocin and PGF2 alpha, further emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between the two muscle layers in studies of uterine activity. PMID- 3479193 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced release of oxytocin from bovine corpora lutea in vitro. AB - Two experiments were conducted to study the in vitro effects of prostaglandins F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), E2 (PGE2), and luteinizing hormone (LH) on oxytocin (OT) release from bovine luteal tissue. Luteal concentration of OT at different stages of the estrous cycle was also determined. In Experiment 1, sixteen beef heifers were assigned randomly in equal numbers (N = 4) to be killed on Days 4, 8, 12, and 16 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus). Corpora lutea were collected, an aliquot of each was removed for determination of initial OT concentration, and the remainder was sliced and incubated with vehicle (control) or with PGF2 alpha (10 ng/ml), PGE2 (10 ng/ml), or LH (5 ng/ml). Luteal tissue from heifers on Day 4 was sufficient only for determination of initial OT levels. Luteal OT concentrations (ng/g) increased from 414 +/- 84 on Day 4 to 2019 +/- 330 on Day 8 and then declined to 589 +/- 101 on Day 12 and 81 +/- 5 on Day 16. Prostaglandin F2 alpha induced a significant in vitro release of luteal OT (ng.g 1.2h-1) on Day 8 (2257 +/- 167 vs. control 1702 +/- 126) but not on Days 12 or 16 of the cycle. Prostaglandin E2 and LH did not affect OT release at any stage of the cycle studied. In Experiment 2, six heifers were used to investigate the in vitro dose-response relationship of 10, 20, and 40 ng PGF2 alpha/ml of medium on OT release from Day 8 luteal tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479194 TI - [Cucurbitacin R glycoside--a regulator of steroidogenesis and of the formation of prostaglandin E2--a specific modulator of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex system]. AB - 2 beta,25-di(0-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-16 alpha,20-dihydroxycucurbit-5-en 3,11,22-trione (cucurbitacin R glucoside--CRG), isolated from Bryonia alba roots, stimulates corticosterone secretion in the adrenal cortex of rats and augments the working capacity of mice. If rats after CRG injections were exposed to immobilization stress, the level of corticosterone in the adrenal cortex and blood plasma was not increased, like in the control groups of rats not receiving CRG. The level of prostaglandin E2 in the adrenal cortex was increased during stress and after CRG administration. These findings indicate that CRG regulates steroidogenesis by influencing the activity of prostaglandin G2-prostaglandin E2 isomerase. PMID- 3479195 TI - Serial measurement of lymphocytotoxic antibody and response to nonmatched platelet transfusions in alloimmunized patients. AB - Serial evaluations of lymphocytotoxic antibody (LCTAb) and responsiveness to random donor platelet transfusion were reviewed in 234 patients who had developed LCTAb at some time during their treatment course. Seventy (30%) of these patients had significant falls in antibody levels. In 44 patients these declines occurred after further antigenic exposure was reduced either because no transfusions were administered or only histocompatible platelets were transfused. Forty patients with declines in LCTAb levels who were previously refractory to platelet transfusion were rechallenged with random donor platelets. Thirty-four of 35 clinically evaluable patients had good responses to these unmatched transfusions for 2 weeks to 36 months, and in 21 patients antibody did not return despite repeated transfusions. Thus, serial LCTAb measurements are helpful in the management of alloimmunized patients. Many patients will have decreases or a loss of LCTAb, either permanently or transiently, and can be successfully supported with more easily available unmatched random donor platelet transfusions. PMID- 3479196 TI - Ultrastructural study of the rat enamel organ and adjoining extracellular matrix during early tooth development. PMID- 3479197 TI - [Relation between the cervical spine and the pharyngeal vault during growth]. PMID- 3479199 TI - [Morphological evaluation of oral and pharyngeal soft tissue after orthodontic treatment and retraining in tongue habits]. PMID- 3479198 TI - [Upper facial mass and aging. A radio-anatomical study]. PMID- 3479200 TI - [Clinical anatomy of the submaxillary gland]. PMID- 3479201 TI - An introduction to controversies in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. PMID- 3479202 TI - Controversies in diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. PMID- 3479203 TI - Economic forces and medical therapy of infective endocarditis. PMID- 3479204 TI - Transplant infections--controversies about cost related issues. PMID- 3479205 TI - The impact of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities on the management of infections in children. PMID- 3479206 TI - Defining the limits of office (and home) laboratory testing: rapid streptococcal antigen tests. PMID- 3479207 TI - Novel approaches to therapy of meningitis. PMID- 3479208 TI - The geriatric infectious disease imperative. PMID- 3479209 TI - Antibiotic use in nursing homes: prevalence, cost and utilization review. PMID- 3479210 TI - Controversies in infectious diseases: an analysis. PMID- 3479211 TI - The impact of legal issues on the practice of infectious disease: national survey of AIDS legislation. PMID- 3479212 TI - The current role of the infectious diseases physician. PMID- 3479213 TI - The role of infectious disease physicians in hospital infection control. PMID- 3479214 TI - The role of infectious disease physicians in hospital clinical microbiology laboratories. PMID- 3479215 TI - The role of the infectious diseases physician in setting guidelines for antimicrobial use. PMID- 3479216 TI - Corporate impact on infectious diseases programs. PMID- 3479218 TI - AIDS policy and prevention in New York City. PMID- 3479217 TI - Role of infectious disease specialists in Third World infectious diseases problems. PMID- 3479219 TI - AIDS in New York City: policy and planning. PMID- 3479220 TI - New York State in the AIDS epidemic. PMID- 3479221 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in the medically ill: experience and guidelines. PMID- 3479222 TI - Physician reimbursement for care of the elderly: concerns of a practicing geriatrician. PMID- 3479224 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of nose and paranasal sinus disease. AB - Fifty patients with a wide range of sinus disease have been examined by magnetic resonance. These included congenital conditions, inflammatory and allergic sinus disease, fungus infection, and both necrotising and non-necrotising granulomas. A variety of benign and malignant tumours have been investigated, including eight examples of juvenile angiofibroma and 19 malignant sinus tumours. This experience of magnetic resonance scanning has shown that it is superior to computed tomography in showing the extent of malignant disease and, provided the correct pulse sequences are employed, it is always possible to distinguish tumour from retained secretion or inflamed mucosa. The extent of intracranial invasion can also be optimally demonstrated. One of the advantages of the method is the direct three-plane imaging and multislice technique, which gives total coverage of the head and neck for the assessment of malignant disease. Tissue diagnosis in the paranasal sinuses is less important than the demonstration of tumour extent and distribution. Only one tumour (juvenile angiofibroma) showed diagnostic spin sequence characteristics, and no differentiation was observed between malignant tumours of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. The major drawback of magnetic resonance is the poor demonstration of bone and calcification in the sinuses, so that in some patients the scans need to be augmented by computed tomography studies. PMID- 3479223 TI - Effect of bradykinin antagonists on bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation, venoconstriction, prostaglandin E2 release, nociceptor stimulation and contraction of the iris sphincter muscle in the rabbit. AB - 1 The inhibition of the bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by six bradykinin (Bk) antagonists was tested on rabbit skin. All of them showed inhibitory effects without an agonistic action in the does used. B4310 (Lys-Lys-3-Hyp-5,8-Thi-7-DPhe Bk) was the most active antagonist and was therefore used in the subsequent experiments. 2 B4310 (5-500 nM) antagonized the bradykinin-induced reduction of the venous outflow from the rabbit isolated ear in dose-dependent manner without affecting the arterial vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II. 3 The bradykinin-induced release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the perfused rabbit ear was reduced by 63% when B4310 (800 nM) was infused before, during and after the bradykinin injection. 4 Bradykinin was injected into the ear artery of anaesthetized rabbits and the reflex hypotensive response was used as indicator of the nociception. The response was antagonized by a local infusion of B4310 (50 and 500 nM). The antagonism was dose-dependent and reversible. The parallel shift of the dose-response curve to bradykinin suggests a competitive inhibition. However, B4310 did not antagonize acetylcholine-induced nociceptor stimulation. 5 B4310 inhibited bradykinin-induced stimulation of the trigeminal nerve which results in a substance P-mediated contraction of the iris sphincter muscle. A pA2 of 7.59 was calculated. B4310 did not inhibit capsaicin-induced contractions. 6 It is concluded that B4310 inhibits specifically five different actions of bradykinin which are related to its possible pathophysiological role. PMID- 3479225 TI - A cDNA encoding the precursor of the rat neuropeptide, neurokinin B. AB - We have isolated a cDNA clone from a rat cerebral cortex library which encodes the 116 amino acid precursor of the neuropeptide, neurokinin B. The precursor has 68% amino acid homology to the bovine precursor and encodes a single peptide of the tachykinin family. Except for possible small variations at both ends of the message, there appears to be only a single species of neurokinin B mRNA in rat cerebral cortex. In situ hybridization histochemistry indicates that the message is widely distributed in the rat brain in a pattern distinct from that of substance P message. PMID- 3479226 TI - Seven deadly sins of childhood: advising parents about difficult developmental phases. AB - Seven of the more difficult developmental phases for any parent to deal with are colic, awakening at night, separation anxiety, normal exploratory behavior, normal negativism, normal poor appetite, and toilet training resistance. For the child living in a high-risk family, these innocent acts can trigger dangerous or even deadly abuse. The two behaviors most commonly associated with fatal abuse are colic and toilet training. When we recognize a child who is going through a provocative phase, we should be prepared to advise the parents on some practical alternatives to a physical response. Such advice is welcomed by most types of families. Any treatment plan for an abusive family that fails to include this type of problem solving may be inadequate. PMID- 3479227 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in erythroleukemia. AB - Erythroleukemia (EL) is a heterogeneous disease in terms of cell type affected, chromosome abnormalities found in the malignant clone, and clinical course. In this article, cases of erythroid EL from the recent medical literature are reviewed using cytogenetic criteria to distinguish such cases from those of myeloid EL. Although most patients with erythroid EL were elderly men, 20% of the cases occurred in the under-3 age group, where boys and girls were equally affected. Chromosomes 5 and 7 were found to be lost or partially deleted in two thirds of the adult patients only, but not in the pediatric patients; this suggests that EL is associated with cumulative mutagen exposure in adult patients only. It is proposed that cytogenetic criteria may be of use prospectively in distinguishing patients with erythroid EL from those with myeloid EL. PMID- 3479229 TI - Barrett's esophagus in three children after antileukemia chemotherapy. AB - Barrett's esophagus, a columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus that is usually associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), was found in three children on long-term antileukemia chemotherapy. Two of the children had been on a standard acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) maintenance protocol with 2 to 3 years of methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine administration. The third child received daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). None of the patients had clinical or pathologic evidence of GER disease. We propose that the Barrett's esophagus in these patients did not result from the usual peptic esophagitis, but rather from chemotherapy-induced esophageal mucosal injury. PMID- 3479228 TI - Myeloproliferative disorders terminating in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with chromosome 3q26 abnormality. AB - Two cases of myeloproliferative disorders terminating in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia are reported. One case began as primary myelofibrosis and the other as chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blast cells in the acute leukemic phase were identified as megakaryoblasts by the presence of platelet peroxidase. The clinical course is described, and the morphology, immunologic studies, and ultrastructure studies of the blast cells are reported. On cytogenetic analysis both cases had a translocation involving the No. 3 chromosome locus q26.2. The present data suggest that 3q26 may be associated with transformation of the megakaryocytic lineage. PMID- 3479230 TI - Bone marrow magnetic resonance studies in childhood leukemia. Evaluation of osteonecrosis. AB - In 25 patients under treatment or during follow-up for acute lymphoblastic leukemia magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both knees was compared to history and physical examination to detect osteonecrosis. Results of MRI were classified as: O, normal bone marrow (BM); 1, diffuse decrease in signal intensity; 2, circumscript lesions. Patients clinically suspected of osteonecrosis had a statistically significant increased incidence of Type 2 lesions. Three patients with a BM relapse also showed Type 2 lesions. Circumscript lesions of the epiphyses were seen exclusively in the four patients with clinical suspicion of osteonecrosis during BM remission and this may be a MR finding strongly indicative of osteonecrosis. Patients with Type 2 lesions during BM remission had received systemic chemotherapy for a statistically significant longer period than the other patients. Using MRI findings we suspect that at least four patients suffered osteonecrosis due to chemotherapy. MRI is a promising means of detecting this disorder. PMID- 3479231 TI - Systemic clearance of methotrexate in the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. AB - The prognostic value of systemic clearance of methotrexate (MTX) has been evaluated in 58 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, receiving altogether 380 MTX infusions in a dose range of 0.5 to 33.6 g/m2. The linear regression analysis of dose-steady state concentration relationship revealed that relapsed children had significantly lower steady state concentration of MTX (faster systemic clearance) than those who remained in continuous complete remission (CCR), whatever dosage of the drug was given. Relapsed children (n = 25) had a systemic clearance of MTX 122.5 +/- 55.5 ml/minute/m2 versus 71.8 +/- 25.8 ml/minute/m2 found in the CCR patients (n = 33) when the dosage of MTX was 0.5 to 1.0 g/m2. When the dose was 6.0 to 8.0 g/m2 the clearance values were 93.27 +/- 32.6 versus 61.8 +/- 24.5 ml/minute/m2, respectively. The differences are statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In 16 of 25 relapsed patients (64%) an increase of the systemic clearance has been observed during the consecutive treatments, but only 4/33 CCR patients (12%) has expressed such a phenomenon. The dose-independent prognostic relevance of systemic clearance of MTX as a possible sign of resistance to MTX is concluded. PMID- 3479232 TI - Early deaths due to hemorrhage and leukostasis in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Associations with hyperleukocytosis and acute monocytic leukemia. AB - There were 294 children with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) entered into the German AML Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munster hospitals (BFM) 78 and 83 studies. Thirty (10%) died as a result of hemorrhage and/or leukostasis prior to or in the first 12 days of therapy. The risk of early death due to hemorrhage and/or leukostasis is significantly greater when certain features are initially present: acute monocytic leukemia (French-American-British [FAB] M5), hyperleukocytosis (greater than or equal to 100,000/microliter), and extramedullary organ involvement (P less than 0.001). The risk increases sharply when these factors exist in combination: 72% mortality with FAB M5 and hyperleukocytosis, and 43% with FAB M5 and extramedullary organ involvement. In 11 patients leukostasis alone or in combination with hemorrhage was probably the cause of death during the first 3 days after diagnosis. All 11 children presented with hyperleukocytosis and were classified as monocytic subtype FAB M4 or M5. After induction, a close temporal association between rapid blast reduction and occurrence of fatal hemorrhage was established in five patients. Thrombocytopenic hemorrhages were controllable and, therefore, responsible for death only in exceptional cases. It is difficult to avoid these early fatal complications with current therapeutic measures. Early exchange transfusion together with special supportive care may be useful. PMID- 3479233 TI - Cytogenetic findings in a case of anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - A cytogenetic study was performed on a short-term culture of a biopsy from a primary anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas. The modal chromosome number was 60. Six numerical clonal anomalies involving chromosomes #2, #6, #7, #10, #15, and #16 were found, and marker chromosomes involving #1, #3, #5, #8, #11, #12, #13, #15, #16, #18, #20, #22, and X. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was observed with a high frequency. The results are discussed with reference to the scarce literature on chromosome changes in pancreatic cancer. PMID- 3479234 TI - Characteristic chromosomal imbalances in 18 near-diploid colorectal tumors. AB - The cytogenetic study of 18 near-diploid colorectal tumors shows that the observed numerical and structural abnormalities resulted in recurrent chromosomal losses and gains. By order of decreasing frequencies, they are: monosomy 17p (16/18), partial or more frequently complete monosomy 18 (14/18), trisomy 20q (11/18), trisomy or tetrasomy 13 (10/18), monosomy lp and trisomies X and 8q (9/18). The absence of recurrent breakpoints in euchromatin contrasts with the high preponderance of breakage at various places of heterochromatic region. Because these tumors are characterized by very recurrent chromosomal imbalances, it is assumed that the observed chromosomal changes may be related to a recessive genetic determinism and to gene dosage imbalances. PMID- 3479235 TI - Events on different chromosomes alter the genes for the two peptides of platelet derived growth factor in an osteogenic sarcoma. AB - Platelet derived growth factor consists of dimers of partially homologous peptides (A and B) encoded by separate genes on different chromosomes. A clinically aggressive osteogenic sarcoma had both an amplified A-chain gene on chromosome #7 and a reduplication of all or part of chromosome #22 containing the B-chain (c-sis) gene. Other oncogenes on chromosomes #1, #2, #5, #6, #7, #8, #11, #12, #14, and #15 were not reduplicated or amplified. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis of autocrine stimulation of growth of some sarcomas in humans, and indicate that amplification and reduplication of related genes on different chromosomes can occur in tumors in vivo. PMID- 3479237 TI - Double supernumerary isochromosome 9p in myeloproliferative syndrome. AB - The presence of supernumerary isochromosome 9p in duplicate in about 50% of bone marrow cells of an elderly female patient with myeloproliferative syndrome is reported. PMID- 3479236 TI - Promyelocytic blast crisis of Philadelphia-positive thrombocythemia with translocations (9;22) and (15;17). AB - We report a promyelocytic blast crisis in a case of Ph-positive thrombocythemia with both t(9;22) and t(15;17). Our patient confirms the specificity of t(15;17) in malignant proliferation of promyelocytes and suggests its appearance as a second genetic event in the genesis of blast crisis occurring in a Ph-positive clone. PMID- 3479238 TI - On trisomy of chromosome 7 in human gliomas. PMID- 3479239 TI - Inversion of chromosome 16 in bone marrow eosinophils of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) with eosinophilia. PMID- 3479240 TI - Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv(16)(p13q22) in an XY/XYY male. PMID- 3479241 TI - Comparison of production of transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor by normal human mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cell lines. AB - Steady state mRNA levels for transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain, and PDGF B-chain were measured in normal human mesothelial cells, SV40 large T-antigen expressing human mesothelial cells, and human mesothelioma cell lines. The mRNA expression level for transforming growth factor beta was similar in all three types of culture while normal human mesothelial cells secrete more transforming growth factor beta than do mesothelioma cell lines or T-antigen expressing mesothelial cells. In contrast, both PDGF A- and B-chain mRNAs are expressed at higher levels in mesothelioma cell lines than in normal human mesothelial cells. PDGF-like mitogenic activity was readily detectable in medium conditioned by a mesothelioma cell line and was undetectable in conditioned medium from normal cells. These results suggest the hypothesis that PDGF may be an autocrine growth factor in mesothelioma. PMID- 3479242 TI - Inhibition of the synthesis of glycoproteins and induction of the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside. AB - HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells were induced to differentiate along the granulocytic pathway by exposure to 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (6 MMPR). The interference with cellular replication and the induction of terminal maturation by 6-MMPR appeared to be a consequence of the inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthesis de novo, since the simultaneous exposure of HL-60 cells to 6-MMPR and adenine completely prevented cellular differentiation, as measured by both nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction and the phagocytosis of latex beads, and partially prevented growth inhibition. The induction of HL-60 leukemia cell maturation by 6-MMPR was preceded by a marked reduction in the incorporation of [3H]mannose into glycoproteins and into the dolichol-oligosaccharide precursors of N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. Simultaneous exposure of HL-60 cells to 6 MMPR and adenine completely prevented the reduction in [3H]mannose incorporation into glycoproteins produced by the purine nucleoside antimetabolite. These findings suggest that the utilization of mannose for glycoprotein biosynthesis may be a component of the mechanism by which 6-MMPR causes the induction of the terminal differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. PMID- 3479243 TI - Identification and partial characterization of a Mr 105,000 nucleolar antigen associated with cell proliferation. AB - This study reports the identification and partial characterization of a novel Mr 105,000 nucleolar antigen (P105) identified by a monoclonal antibody. This monoclonal antibody was obtained when a nucleolar protein extract separated from the immunodominant protein C23 was used as the immunogen. Nucleolar antigen P105 was not detected in normal (resting) human liver, kidney, or peripheral blood lymphocytes but was present in a variety of human malignant cells and tissues. Lymphocyte nucleoli also exhibited specific P105 staining after 72 h of phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Nucleolar antigen P105 was detected in growing and dividing HL 60 cells but was not detected in retinoic acid-induced differentiated HL 60 cells. When HeLa cells were made quiescent by 48 h of serum starvation, the P105 antigen was not detected, but after refeeding with serum containing medium, the antigen P105 was detected in the HeLa nucleoli within 2 h. These results indicate that nucleolar antigen P105 is a proliferating cell nuclear and nucleolar antigen-like molecule which appears early in the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 3479244 TI - Effects of phorbol ester on translocation and down-regulation of protein kinase C and phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in human acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1 and its phorbol ester-resistant subline KG-1a. AB - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced decreases in the catalytic activity and immunoreactivity of protein kinase C (PK-C) in the soluble fraction, accompanied by increases in their activities in the particulate fraction, of a human myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1. TPA also caused a similar down-regulation and translocation of PK-C in KG-1a, a cloned subline shown to be resistant to the differentiating effect of TPA. The activity levels of enzyme in the soluble and particulate fractions from KG-1 cells, however, were about three times higher than those from KG-1a cells. Immunocytochemical studies showed that, when KG-1 cells were treated with 10 nM TPA for 30 min, PK-C was translocated to the plasma membrane in the adherent subpopulation of cells, whereas the enzyme remained largely in the cytoplasm and perinuclear area of the nonadherent cells. TPA, in contrast, caused a PK-C translocation primarily to the perinuclear region in KG 1a cells. Phosphorylation patterns of PK-C substrate proteins in the two cell lines were similar, except that phosphorylation of the Mr 33,000 and 97,000 proteins were predominant in KG-1 and KG-1a cells, respectively. The present findings showed existence of certain differential effects of TPA on the PK-C system in the two leukemia cell lines, suggesting a molecular basis for the selective resistance of KG-1a cells to the differentiating action of TPA. PMID- 3479245 TI - Phase I-II trial of high-dose epirubicin in patients with lymphoma. AB - High-dose doxorubicin has shown considerable activity in both previously treated and previously untreated patients with lymphoma. Because of the toxicities of doxorubicin at high dose, we elected to study a new anthracycline at doses comparable to doxorubicin at high dose, to assess response and toxicity. Epirubicin was administered at doses of 120 mg/m2, 150 mg/m2, and 180 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (maximum four doses) to groups of six patients with previously treated intermediate- and high-grade lymphoma. Sixteen of the patients had received significant prior therapy with an anthracycline and/or anthracenedione. At all dose levels, myelosuppression was severe, with median granulocyte nadirs less than 504/mm3. Hematological recovery occurred by day 21 at the 120 mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2 dose levels, allowing for the next cycle of therapy. However, at the 180 mg/m2 dose level, the majority of patients failed to have hematological recovery by the day of the next scheduled therapy. Forty-two % of patients (eight patients) had fever/neutropenia, and required antibiotics. One treatment-related septic death occurred (at 150 mg/m2). Alopecia (68%), fever immediately following treatment (63%), mild/moderate stomatitis (58%), and nausea/vomiting (53%) were the most common nonhematological toxicities. These toxicities were independent of the dose levels and were not dose limiting. A significant change (greater than or equal to 0.10) in the radionuclide ejection (EF) was seen in seven patients. The median of the entire group of patients fell from 0.63 to 0.56. No patient developed clinical or radiological evidence of congestive heart failure. A response rate of 58% (two complete responses, nine partial responses) was achieved with a median duration of 5 months (range, 1-15+). High-dose epirubicin can be successfully utilized in patients with previously treated lymphoma. The only dose-limiting toxicity observed at these dose levels was the lack of hematological recovery by day 21 with 180 mg/m2. Since epirubicin at high dose will be incorporated into high-dose anthracycline regimens in previously untreated patients utilizing a 3-week treatment cycle, 150-180 mg/m2 may be the maximally tolerated dose for such studies. PMID- 3479246 TI - Detection of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine incorporation into DNA in vivo. AB - The incorporation of (1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) into the DNA of leukemic cells is highly correlated with cytotoxicity in vitro. However, the measurement of ara-C incorporation into leukemic cell DNA in vivo during ara-C therapy has been limited by the lack of a suitably sensitive method. A quantitative assay procedure has therefore been developed to determine incorporation of unlabeled ara-C into DNA. This method involves DNA isolation from patient myeloblasts, enzymatic digestion of the DNA, high pressure liquid chromatography separation of the nucleosides, and determination of ara-C in the eluate fractions by radioimmunoassay. Using this approach, incorporation of unlabeled ara-C into DNA of HL-60 cells is log linear over concentrations of 1 to 100 microM ara-C. Furthermore, the extent of ara-C incorporation into DNA as determined by this method correlates significantly with measurements of [3H]ara-C (DNA) formation under similar conditions. This approach has also been applied to clinical samples. Myeloblasts from 6 patients receiving high-dose continuous infusion ara-C therapy incorporated 0.00-0.36 pmol ara-C/microgram DNA during 24 h of therapy. These findings thus suggest that this method can be used to monitor the in vivo incorporation of ara-C into leukemic cell DNA. PMID- 3479247 TI - Modulation by palmitoylcarnitine of protein kinase C activation. AB - Palmitoylcarnitine, a reported protein kinase C inhibitor, enhanced the phorbol ester dependency of the enzyme, augmenting protein kinase C activity in the presence of phorbol esters such as phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate while inhibiting the basal activity measured in the presence of calcium plus phosphatidylserine. Weakly potent phorbol esters such as phorbol 12,13-diacetate and 4-O methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were full agonists like phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate for activation of protein kinase C in the presence of palmitoylcarnitine. On the other hand, 1,2-diacylglycerols such as 1,2-diolein were only partially stimulatory. Palmitoylcarnitine did not interfere with the association of protein kinase C with phosphatidylserine, suggesting that its action was on protein kinase C activation per se rather than on priming. A long fatty acid ester, quaternary amine, and anionic charge were needed for the palmitoylcarnitine-like action. Phosphatidylcholine, which possesses these features, partially mimicked the action of palmitoylcarnitine. Palmitoylcarnitine thus appears to be a lipophilic modulator of protein kinase C rather than a simple inhibitor. The results raise the possibility that differences in response between phorbol esters and diacylglycerols may reflect differential ability to activate protein kinase C in the appropriate lipid environment rather than the existence of unique targets for one or the other compound. PMID- 3479248 TI - Effect of recombinant alpha-interferon on the expression of the bcr-abl fusion gene in human chronic myelogenous human leukemia cell lines. AB - Recent investigations have shown a therapeutic and cytogenetic response in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients treated with recombinant alpha 2 interferon (IFN alpha 2). Philadelphia chromosome-positive (and many Ph1 negative) chronic myelogenous leukemia cells transcribe a novel bcr-abl fusion mRNA which may confer a growth advantage upon these cells. We investigated the effect of IFN alpha 2 on the levels of bcr-abl transcript expression in three Ph1 positive CML cell lines, EM2, KCL22, and K562. Although IFN alpha 2 inhibited cell proliferation in all three CML cell lines, IFN alpha 2 had no effect on the level of bcr-abl mRNA expression in any of the CML cell lines. In contrast, IFN alpha 2 increased the expression of class I HLA gene products. We conclude that while the bcr-abl fusion gene and its transcript undoubtedly play key roles in the pathogenesis of CML, the antiproliferative effect of IFN alpha 2 in CML cell lines relies upon genetic mechanisms other than modulation of bcr-abl expression. PMID- 3479249 TI - Characteristics of cell lines established from human colorectal carcinoma. AB - We have characterized 14 human colorectal carcinoma cell lines established from primary and metastatic sites by us during the years 1982 to 1985. Five lines were established in fully defined ACL-4 medium and 9 in serum supplemented R10 medium. However, after establishment, cultures could be grown interchangeably in either medium. The lines grew as floating cell aggregates in ACL-4 medium, while most demonstrated substrate adherence in R10 medium. The lines had relatively long doubling times and low cloning efficiencies. Twelve were tumorigenic in athymic nude mice when injected s.c., and two grew i.p. as well. Based on culture, xenograft, and ultrastructural morphologies, the 14 lines could be subtyped as follows: 4 were well differentiated; 5 were moderately differentiated; 4 were poorly differentiated; and 1 was a mucinous carcinoma. Membrane associated antigens characteristic for gastrointestinal cells (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, and TAG-72 antigens) were expressed by 50-71% of the lines. Lines expressing carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 actively secreted these antigens into the supernatant fluids while TAG-72 antigen was not secreted. Surprisingly, 5 of 7 of the original tumor samples tested and 13 of 14 cultured lines expressed L-dopa decarboxylase activity, which is a characteristic enzyme marker of neuroendocrine cells and tumors. In addition, one poorly differentiated cell line contained dense core granules, characteristic of endocrine secretion. Preliminary cytogenetic analyses indicated that 9 of 11 lines examined contained double minute chromosomes. In addition, 3 of the 9 lines with double minutes also had homogeneously staining regions. These findings indicate a high incidence of amplification of one or more as yet unidentified genes. PMID- 3479251 TI - Tumor behavior in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in relation to chromosomal markers and histopathology. AB - Tumor cells from direct harvests and short term cultures were karyotyped from 15 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. There were two tumors with an apparently normal diploid karyotype, eight with counts up to 50 and with marker chromosomes, and five with counts of 60 or more and with markers. The median duration between recurrences was 3 months for the near-diploid, and 3 months for the near-polyploid tumors. One patient whose tumor was normal diploid had a recurrence at 5 months and the second patient whose tumor had normal diploid tumor had no recurrence over 15 months. Four tumors (27% of the series) had a rearrangement involving band 3p14: three had +der(5)t(3;5)(p14;p14) and one had +der(6)t(1;3;6)(q21;p14;p23). Duplication 3p14----3pter was observed in four tumors, and deletion 11p15----11pter in five. Three other abnormalities were observed in three cases each: deletion 5p14----5pter, duplication 1q23----1q32 and deletion 6q21----6qter. Trisomy 7 was observed as a sole clonal abnormality in one carcinoma in situ. Thirteen of 15 patients had recurrence of their tumor. Tumor progression (either in stage or grade) was evident in seven recurrent tumors. Among the seven with tumor progression, three had 11p deletion, two had 11p deletion plus 3p duplication, one had 3p duplication, and one had trisomy 7. Four of the five that had 11p deletion underwent cystectomy and three have died. Three of eight near-diploid tumors progressed and four of five near-tetraploid tumors progressed. It will be important to characterize any cytogenetic changes that are of prognostic value, since the categorization of bladder tumors by other methods has been problematic. PMID- 3479250 TI - Biochemical pharmacology of high dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in childhood acute leukemia. AB - The pharmacodynamic parameters of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in patient plasma and its active anabolite 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5 triphosphate (ara-CTP) in circulating and bone marrow blast cells were studied in 20 pediatric patients with acute leukemia. ara-C (3 g/m2) was administered as a short-term infusion over 3 h every 12 h for a total of eight doses. The peak plasma concentration of ara-C ranged from 0.02 to 5.6 microM after the first dose of ara-C. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ara-C in plasma ranged from 302 to 20,298 microMh after the first dose of ara-C. The half-life of elimination (t1/2,el) of ara-C from plasma was 2.4 +/- 1.5 h in three patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) and 4.78 +/- 4.1 h in 9 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The intracellular peak concentration of ara CTP in circulating blast cells averaged 432.2 +/- 14.5 microM and 544.3 +/- 330 microM in patients with ANLL and ALL, respectively. The elimination kinetics of ara-CTP was monoexponential with t1/2,el of 3.30 +/- 0.8 h and 6.9 +/- 2.8 h in patients with ANLL and ALL. DNA synthetic capacity (DSC) of the blast cells was inhibited to between 24 and 64% of control after the first dose of ara-C and it declined further to between 1 and 32% after four doses of ara-C. The AUC of ara CTP in leukemic cells ranged from 1,073 to 14,751 microMh and it was not related to the AUC of ara-C in plasma. The pharmacodynamic parameters of ara-CTP in circulating blast cells were more homogeneous in patients with ANLL than in patients with ALL. Four of six patients (67%) with ANLL and six of 14 patients (43%) with ALL achieved either complete remission or partial remission with high dose ara-C. We conclude that treatment of pediatric patients with leukemia in relapse with high dose ara-C is tolerable and moderately successful. Inhibition of DSC is positively correlated with the probability of having zero nadir peripheral blast cells. In turn there is a trend for a zero nadir peripheral blast cell count to be related to achievement of a response to therapy. This latter result is consistent with the results of larger studies in adults with leukemia. PMID- 3479252 TI - Reversible/irreversible hydrocolloid systems. PMID- 3479253 TI - Vetodontics. PMID- 3479254 TI - Posterior etched-porcelain restorations: an in vitro study. PMID- 3479255 TI - The clinical application of a chemomechanical caries removal system (Caridex): a comparative study. PMID- 3479256 TI - A longitudinal microhardness analysis of fluoride dentifrice effects on lesion progression in vitro. PMID- 3479257 TI - Coupled diffusion as basis for subsurface demineralization in dental caries. PMID- 3479259 TI - Carious units and Streptococcus mutans in rats fed sucrose or maltose in two different types of diets. PMID- 3479258 TI - Effect of fluoride and selected cationic surfactants on caries in rodents. PMID- 3479260 TI - Confectionery composition and rat caries. PMID- 3479261 TI - Clinical and histological features observed during arrestment of active enamel carious lesions in vivo. PMID- 3479262 TI - Measurement of interdental plaque pH in humans with an indwelling glass pH electrode following a sucrose rinse: a long-term retrospective study. PMID- 3479263 TI - [The effect of prostaglandin E2 (made by Spolana Neratovice) on biochemical values in the blood of rats]. PMID- 3479264 TI - A maternal mRNA localized to the vegetal hemisphere in Xenopus eggs codes for a growth factor related to TGF-beta. AB - We report that Vg1, a maternal mRNA localized to the vegetal hemisphere of frog eggs, encodes a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins. Furthermore, we show that Vg1 mRNA is distributed to presumptive endodermal cells after fertilization. Previous studies had shown that the vegetal end of a frog egg produces a signal that induces the overlying animal pole cells to form mesodermal tissue. More recently it has been shown that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and TGF-beta can participate in the induction of muscle. Together, these results lead us to propose that the formation of mesoderm during frog development is specified by the products of localized maternal mRNAs, including Vg1. PMID- 3479265 TI - Synergistic induction of mesoderm by FGF and TGF-beta and the identification of an mRNA coding for FGF in the early Xenopus embryo. AB - The primary patterning event in early vertebrate development is the formation of the mesoderm and its subsequent induction of the neural tube. Classic experiments suggest that the vegetal region signals the animal hemisphere to diverge from the pathway of forming ectoderm to form mesoderm such as muscle. Here we show that bovine basic FGF has a limited capacity to induce muscle actin expression in animal hemisphere cells. This level of expression can be raised to levels normally induced in the embryo by another mammalian growth factor, TGF-beta, which by itself will not induce actin expression. We show that the Xenopus embryo contains an mRNA encoding a protein highly homologous to basic FGF. These results together with the identification of a maternal mRNA with strong homology to TGF beta, suggest that molecules closely related to FGF and TGF-beta are the natural inducers of mesoderm in vertebrate development. PMID- 3479266 TI - Double-minute chromatin bodies in HL-60 leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to differentiation inducing agents. AB - We studied the chromosome characteristics of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to differentiation inducing agents (DI). The karyotypic analysis of sensitive (HL-60 S) and resistant (HL-60 R) cells revealed the presence of identical chromosome abnormalities such as loss of chromosomes 5, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17 and X; and gain of chromosome 18. HL-60 S and HL-60 R cells also share five common markers. The difference between the two cell lines consisted essentially of the loss of an unidentifiable chromosome segment in the HL-60 R cell line. In addition, the two sublines showed marked differences in the content of double-minute chromatin bodies (DM), which were abundant in HL-60 S but rarely found in HL-60 R cells. Contrary to a previous report by others, there was no evidence of chromosome rearrangement of the DM as homogeneously stained regions (HSR) or abnormally banding regions (ABR) in the resistant HL-60 R cells. The presence of DM as an expression of gene amplification may be of relevance in the determination of susceptibility of HL-60 cells to DI. PMID- 3479267 TI - JCAH proposed home care standards. PMID- 3479268 TI - Applying the JCAH generic model to nursing services. PMID- 3479269 TI - Influence of diethyl maleate-induced loss of thiols on cefmetazole uptake into isolated epithelial cells and on cefmetazole absorption from ileal loop of rats. PMID- 3479270 TI - Increased resistance to breathing: potentially lethal hazard across a coaxial circuit connector coupling. PMID- 3479271 TI - Interference of the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide with the direct phosphotungstic acid method for uric acid. AB - A 62-year-old woman receiving chemotherapy with etoposide showed discrepant uric acid values as measured by a direct phosphotungstic acid (PTA) method (150 mg/L) compared with a uricase technique (40 mg/L). After ultrafiltration, the positive interference for the direct PTA method was retained in the protein fraction, but not in the filtrate. Adding exogenous etoposide to drug-free serum confirmed this interference for the direct PTA method, but not for the uricase procedure or a PTA technique preceded by dialysis. Decisions for aggressive patient management are often based on the magnitude of hyperuricemia. We do not recommend that the direct phosphotungstic acid method be used to measure uric acid in patients receiving etoposide. PMID- 3479272 TI - Mean tensor cephalometric analysis of a patient population with clefts of the palate and lip. AB - This study was designed to elucidate the net "effect" of primary and secondary palatal clefts on the craniofacial skeleton as viewed in the lateral cephalogram. A tensor cephalometric analysis is reported for 144 patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both. The study involves 13 lateral landmarks located in the patients' cephalograms and in the Michigan normative means. The net deformity (total sample) is a reduction of size in all directions, but primarily in the horizontal dimension (ANS-PNS) at the palatal level. Lower face height is affected less than upper face height. The bilateral group shows a considerably greater amount of "net" deformity in the cranial base and reduction in mandibular body length. The effect of cleft of the secondary palate alone is horizontal. The effect of an additional primary cleft is aligned instead vertically in the maxilla and intensifies the reduction of cranial base depth. These findings concur with the literature that attributes these syndromes to different mechanisms with different modes of inheritance. PMID- 3479273 TI - Nasal respiratory resistance in cleft lip and palate. AB - The present study aimed to determine the nasal respiratory resistance (NRR) in subjects with cleft deformity of the lip and palate. The cleft sample was subdivided into cleft lip (N = 15) (mean age 13.4 years, median age 14 years), cleft palate (N = 19) (mean age 12.7 years, median age 12 years), and unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (N = 27) (mean age 16.4 years, median age 16 years). A control group consisted of 38 patients (mean age 14.4 years, median age 12 years) attending for orthodontic diagnosis. Respiratory resistance was determined by a Mercury rhinomanometer, which was calibrated dynamically before each session. Subjects were given 0.1% xylometazoline hydrochloride half an hour before each session. Resistance was determined unilaterally by the anterior method as well as bilaterally by the posterior method. The results showed that the bilateral nasal resistance did not differ significantly between the cleft samples and the controls. Unilateral measurements of nasal resistance showed higher values for the cleft side than for the noncleft side, both in the cleft lip (CL) and the unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) samples (p less than 0.001). In the cleft palate sample as well as in the controls, unilateral nasal resistance did not differ between the two sides. PMID- 3479274 TI - Coarticulation effects on the nasalization of vowels using nasal/voice amplitude ratio instrumentation. AB - Nasal coarticulation in phonetically controlled nonsense syllables was investigated in four normal adult speakers. Nasalization was determined using the ratio of a nasal accelerometer signal amplitude to airborn microphone signal amplitude. Measurements of nasalization were made at the midpoint of vowels and at a constant time from the nasal consonant. Nasal acoustical coupling was greater for high vowels than for low vowels in all consonant contexts. Nasalization was also greater for vowels between two nasal consonants than for vowels between a nasal consonant and a fricative or stop. Results for progressive versus regressive assimilation depended on the measurement strategy. For within vowel measurements made a constant time from the nasal consonant, prenasal vowels showed greater nasalization than postnasal vowels. This nasal accelerometric technique shows promise for clinical assessment of articulatory details of velar function. PMID- 3479275 TI - Influence of early closure of soft palatal clefts on the pharyngeal skeleton: observation by CT scan. AB - According to the literature (Schweckendiek, 1955; Malek and Psaume, 1983), early closure of the soft palate is a factor in the development of better phonation. The reason for this favorable outcome is not yet known with any certainty. One of the factors may be the volume of the epipharynx, which depends on the distance between the pterygoid processes and their orientation in space. The measurement of the interpterygoid distance, the calculation of the pterygomandibular index, and the measurement of the pterygoid abduction angle, all by means of computerized tomography (CT) scanning, show that early closure of the soft palate results in significant reduction of the interpterygoid distance and in total correction of the divergence of the pterygoid processes. PMID- 3479276 TI - Parents' perceptual preferences between compensatory articulation and nasal escape of air in children with cleft palate. AB - Two groups of parents (27 parents of children with cleft palate and 25 parents of normal children) listened to 14 pairs of tape-recorded words produced by two children with cleft palate. In each pair, one word was produced with compensatory articulation and the other with audible nasal escape of air. The parents indicated their preference by selecting from each pair the word that sounded better. Parents considered single words produced with compensatory articulation to be better than single words produced with nasal escape of air. Results are interpreted in terms of existing hypotheses and information concerning the acquisition of speech by children with cleft palate. PMID- 3479277 TI - The Goslon Yardstick: a new system of assessing dental arch relationships in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. AB - The Goslon (Great Ormond Street, London and Oslo) Yardstick is a clinical tool that allows categorization of the dental relationships in the late mixed and or early permanent dentition stage into five discrete categories. Cases are allocated to these categories on a value judgment basis by reference to the anchor groups of the Goslon Yardstick. The categorization was sufficiently sensitive to distinguish the treatment results at different centers in this study. It is proposed that the Goslon Yardstick should facilitate cross-center studies. PMID- 3479278 TI - Social judgments of facial deformity. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine age- and gender-related personality and ability judgments associated with facial deformity. Four age groups (range = 8 to 16 years) were shown either photographically corrected versions of children with congenital facial clefts or uncorrected versions. Subjects' ratings of photographs of children with facial deformity were consistently negative. Neither age nor gender of subject were significantly related to judgments of facial deformity. Pictures of girls with facial deformities were judged more negatively than pictures of boys. The implications of these findings for future research were discussed. PMID- 3479279 TI - Cervical spine anomalies in the craniosynostosis syndromes. AB - Cervical spine radiographs of 34 patients with a variety of craniosynostosis syndromes were reviewed to determine the incidence and nature of skeletal anomalies and to evaluate the findings in terms of syndromal patterns. Intervertebral fusions occurred in 30 percent of Pfeiffer's, 38 percent of Crouzon's, and 71 percent of Apert's syndrome children. In Crouzon's and Pfeiffer's syndromes, isolated upper cervical fusions were most common; in Apert's syndrome, the fusions were more likely to be complex involving C5-C6. This syndromal variation, however, was not specific enough for diagnostic differentiation. PMID- 3479280 TI - A videoradiographic investigation of the position of the tongue prior to palatal repair in babies with cleft lip and palate. AB - Lateral videoradiography was carried out on nine babies, seven with clefts and two without, at rest and while feeding with a barium mixture. No discernible difference was found in tongue movement or position between the cleft and noncleft babies, nor did the presence or absence of a presurgical plate make any difference. PMID- 3479281 TI - Illinois Association of Craniofacial Teams: a new state organization. AB - The Illinois Association of Craniofacial Teams (IACT) is a not-for-profit organization whose members are the 14 teams that treat patients with craniofacial anomalies in the state of Illinois and adjoining areas. The teams represent more than 200 multidisciplinary health professionals. The group was formed in 1983 to foster cooperation and communication between the teams and to encourage public awareness. In addition to providing educational programs, the organization has focused its attention on standards of care, cost analysis of services, third party reimbursement, and incidence reporting of cleft lip and palate. This report reviews the formation, structure, and accomplishments of IACT so that it may serve as a model or guide for other groups who share its goals. PMID- 3479282 TI - Detection of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency in a newborn by means of urinary steroid analysis. AB - A urinary steroid excretion pattern of a 3-wk-old newborn, suffering from 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) deficiency, has been produced, employing capillary gas chromatography and subsequent mass spectrometric identification of the various excreted steroids. The diagnosis could be established, apart from the clinical symptoms, on the basis of a grossly elevated excretion of 16-OH-DHEA and 16-OH-pregnenolone, combined with mass spectrometric identification of the following steroids: 17-OH-preganolone, pregnanetriol, pregnanolone, pregnenetriol and 17-OH-pregnenolone. PMID- 3479284 TI - The third dimension of radiographs in endodontics. PMID- 3479283 TI - Diminished prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve endings in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - This study was performed to investigate prostaglandin (PG)-mediated regulation of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve endings in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effects of PGE2 on the pressor responses and norepinephrine overflow during the periarterial nerve stimulation were examined in the perfused mesenteric vascular beds from SHR and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). In preliminary studies using normotensive Wistar rats, PGE2 inhibited the overflow of norepinephrine in response to the electrical nerve stimulation. On the contrary, when indomethacin was infused into the preparations, the norepinephrine overflow induced by the nerve stimulation was increased. In SHR, the neurogenic vasoconstriction and norepinephrine overflow during the nerve stimulation were significantly greater than in WKY. PGE2 in the medium inhibited the pressor responses and norepinephrine overflow during the nerve stimulation dose-dependently in WKY, while the inhibitory effects of PGE2 in SHR were blunted. These results suggest that PGE2 is an important hormone in regulating sympathetic vascular tone and that presynaptic inhibition of vascular adrenergic transmission by PGE2 is attenuated in SHR. PMID- 3479285 TI - Differentiation of double mental foramina from extra bony coursing of the incisive branch of the mandibular nerve--an anatomic study. PMID- 3479286 TI - Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis: report of a case. PMID- 3479287 TI - Parathyroid adenoma imaged by gallium-67 citrate. A case report. AB - A parathyroid adenoma imaged by Ga-67 citrate in a 17-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism and a palpable solid tumor in the neck is presented. Although preoperative examination and intraoperative findings suggested a parathyroid carcinoma, histologic studies showed a parathyroid adenoma with predominant chief cell type. PMID- 3479288 TI - The usefulness of gallium-67 citrate scanning in testicular seminoma. AB - An analysis of 77 consecutive patients with a histologic diagnosis of seminoma testis, assessed and treated at the Cross Cancer Institute between 1977 and 1982, is presented. Ga-67 citrate was first used in the assessment of patients with malignant testicular tumors in 1973. Following three years of study that supported the observation of the gallium-avid nature of seminoma, gallium scans became routine in the initial staging assessment and were used also when recurrence was suspected. From 1977 through 1982, 72 patients with biopsy-proven seminoma testis were assessed initially for extent of disease by Ga-67 scanning. Comparison with intravenous pyelography and bipedal lymphography was possible for accuracy of tumor assessment. The scan sensitivity was 83%, and the specificity was 95%. During the same period, gallium was studied in nonseminomatous testicular tumors but the results were disappointing and its use was discontinued. The gallium-avid nature of seminoma testis may be useful in determining the extent of disease. PMID- 3479289 TI - Gallium-67 imaging. Cephalohematoma. PMID- 3479290 TI - Three-phase bone scanning in chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3479292 TI - Modification of a critical care ventilator for anesthesia use. AB - Some critically ill patients require ventilatory support during surgery that exceeds the capabilities of most anesthesia ventilators. We modified an Emerson 3MV ventilator for anesthesia use and measured delivered concentrations of isoflurane during simulated ventilation of a test lung with oxygen flow rates ranging from 5 to 45 L/min. Each measurement was made at atmospheric pressure and incremental levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O PEEP. The delivered anesthetic concentrations were stable at oxygen flow rates of 12.5 to 20 L/min and were unaffected by PEEP changes. PMID- 3479291 TI - Gallium-67 imaging of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 3479293 TI - Modular transport ventilation system for twins. AB - A single modular transport ventilation system has been modified for ventilation of twins by duplicating the gas supply lines, gas blender, and ventilator. This twin ventilator system can be assembled easily in minutes, has essential built-in safety features, and provides simultaneous yet individualized ventilation support to each infant during transport without the need for additional personnel. PMID- 3479294 TI - Prevention of hypoxia and hyperoxia during endotracheal suctioning. AB - A new suction catheter, designed to deliver alternately oxygen or suction, prevented episodes of hypoxia and hyperoxia in a group of infants during endotracheal suctioning. Twenty infants received both conventional endotracheal suctioning and suctioning by the new catheter. The infants had a maximal change from a presuctioning transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) of 12 +/- 8 torr and required 3.1 +/- 2 min to regain their presuctioning oxygenation level compared to a maximal change of 21 +/- 10 torr (p less than .05) and a stabilization time of 5.3 +/- 2.6 min (p less than .05) in the conventionally treated group. Three study infants experienced an abnormal PtcO2 (either less than 40 or greater than 90 torr), while 13 control infants suffered these abnormalities (p less than .01). The use of this new suction device effectively reduced the exposure of this group of infants to episodes of aberrant oxygen states and allowed for a shorter recovery time. PMID- 3479295 TI - Extended wear of contact lenses can compromise corneal epithelial adhesion. AB - The wound healing response of the cat corneal epithelium was examined to provide information on the effect of extended wear contact lenses on epithelial integrity. During the wounding procedure, a loss of epithelial adhesion in the lens wearing eye relative to the control eye was noted. This indicates a loss of epithelium-to-basement membrane adhesion which may be a result of contact-lens induced hypoxia. PMID- 3479296 TI - Relative bioavailability of ofloxacin tablets in comparison to oral solution. AB - Single oral doses of solution and tablet preparations of 300 mg ofloxacin were given to 13 healthy male volunteers in an open, randomized crossover study. Concentrations of the unchanged drug were monitored at various times in serum and urine, over 28 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Each dose was followed by a 1 week washout period. Drug concentrations were measured both by a specific high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and a microbiological assay. A linear distribution independent regression analysis for method comparisons was calculated and good agreement between the two methods was found. Medians of maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) of ofloxacin after oral solution and tablet form were 5.0 mg/l and 3.5 mg/l, respectively. The times to maximal serum concentration (tmax) were 0.5 hr and 1.0 hr, respectively. The lower Cmax and later tmax after the tablet form were both statistically (p less than 0.05) different when compared to the corresponding values after the oral solution. However, the areas under the serum concentration-time curves (AUC0-28), as also the urinary recoveries did not differ significantly, showing that only the speed of absorption, but not the bioavailability of the tablet is changed in comparison to the oral solution form. Long-lasting, clinically relevant urine concentrations of ofloxacin were observed after both forms until the last collecting fraction (36 to 48 hours after medication). General tolerability was good; no side-effects were reported. PMID- 3479297 TI - [Variability in the course of the labial arteries in humans]. PMID- 3479298 TI - [Epidemiological-clinical analysis of malignant neoplasms of the lips, mouth, oropharynx, and head and neck skin in Wielkopolska, 1970-1975]. PMID- 3479299 TI - [A survey of treatment methods for retained teeth]. PMID- 3479300 TI - [Traumatic injury to the teeth in children. Injury to the deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3479301 TI - [The effect of drinking mineral high in fluoride on the level of the element in enamel and plaque in preschool children]. PMID- 3479302 TI - [The effect of environment polluted with non-iron metals on the salivary content of zinc, cadmium and lead in school children in the region of Miasteczko Slaskie]. PMID- 3479303 TI - [Analysis of chlorine content in the teeth of people in various age groups]. PMID- 3479304 TI - Ofloxacin and the treatment of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium fortuitum. AB - A 58-year-old man with pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium fortuitum was treated successfully with ofloxacin (0.3 g daily). Negative conversion of sputum culture was achieved immediately after administration of ofloxacin, and the chest roentgenogram also improved. PMID- 3479305 TI - [Activity of lactic dehydrogenase in the serum as a possible tumor marker in several forms of osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3479306 TI - A perspective on the caries decline. PMID- 3479308 TI - The dental hygienist's role in comprehensive patient care. PMID- 3479307 TI - Environmental influences on dental assisting education (programs). PMID- 3479309 TI - Proteins unique to saliva: their role in oral health. PMID- 3479310 TI - Behavioral consideration in preventive dentistry: six lessons learned from the past. PMID- 3479313 TI - Controlling inventory. A practical model for the dental office. PMID- 3479312 TI - The use of gloves in clinical dentistry. The history, rationale, and cautions behind an important preventive measure. PMID- 3479311 TI - Neopterin. A tumor marker in colorectal carcinoma? AB - Neopterin is compared with other tumor markers in colorectal carcinoma. Its sensitivity is clearly lower than that of CEA, TPA and CA 19/9 and is even lower than the sensitivity of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The ability of neopterin to discriminate between different tumor stages is also lower than that of the other markers. The discriminant analysis shows that measurement of neopterin in the serum of patients with colorectal carcinoma gives no essential additional information. PMID- 3479314 TI - Write it, sign it, date it. Good records could protect you later. PMID- 3479315 TI - Automated management of collections and recalls. PMID- 3479316 TI - Personal confidence. What you can do to accomplish more and worry less. PMID- 3479317 TI - Special treatment planning for musicians. PMID- 3479318 TI - Chairside manner. Where clinical dentistry meets behavioral science. PMID- 3479320 TI - [Determination of erythroid variants of human leukemias using monoclonal antibodies]. AB - Expression of erythroid antigens identifying with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mab) HAE3 and HAE9 was studied in 333 patients with different types of hemoblastoses. Frequency of erythroid variants based on the reaction with mab was 5.7%. In 2.4% of cases erythroid markers were the only indication on the nature of leukemia. In 2.7% of cases the types of leukemia were accounted for as "mixed" ones, i.e. erythrolymphoid and erythromyeloid variants. Only in 0.6% of cases erythroid variant was detected by the morphological criteria. PMID- 3479321 TI - Functional fixation for traumatically luxated teeth. PMID- 3479319 TI - [Ph1-positive lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 3479322 TI - Effect of calcium hydroxide implantation in maxillary sinus in macaques. PMID- 3479323 TI - Frequency and technical standard of endodontic treatment in a Swedish population. PMID- 3479324 TI - Clinical considerations in the treatment of dens invaginatus. PMID- 3479325 TI - Comparison of laboratory and intraorally formed mouth protectors. PMID- 3479326 TI - Histological evaluation of the effect of intrapulpal anesthesia in pulpotomies. PMID- 3479327 TI - Severe root resorption of fractured maxillary lateral incisor following endodontic treatment and orthodontic extrusion. PMID- 3479328 TI - Phosphorylation of the human transferrin receptor by protein kinase C is not required for endocytosis and recycling in mouse 3T3 cells. AB - We have investigated the role of phosphorylation in the endocytosis of the human transferrin receptor (TR) by replacing its phosphorylation site, Ser24, with Ala through site-directed mutagenesis of the TR cDNA. The TR Ala24 mutant expressed in mouse 3T3 cells was not phosphorylated, even following stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol ester. However, in spite of this defect the mutant was efficiently endocytosed and recycled back to the plasma membrane with kinetics similar to those of TR and a control mutant TR Ala63. Thus, these results confirm earlier results by Davis et al. (1986, J. Biol. Chem., 261-9034-9041) that Ser24 of human TR is the phosphorylation site for protein kinase C but do not support a role of this modification as a signal for TR endocytosis and recycling. PMID- 3479329 TI - Adriamycin versus epirubicin in advanced soft tissue sarcomas. A randomized phase II/phase III study of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. AB - The objective of this randomized phase II/phase III study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of equimolar doses of adriamycin (ADM) and 4-epiadriamycin (EPI) in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Doses of ADM and EPI were 75 mg/m2 given as an i.v. bolus injection every 3 weeks. Two hundred and ten patients were entered into the study by 18 institutions. Twenty-eight patients were ineligible and 15 were non-evaluable, leaving 167 evaluable patients. The two treatment groups were well balanced for sex, performance status, age, prior radiotherapy, extent and site of disease. Rates of response were similar, 25% in the ADM group compared to 18% in the EPI group (P = 0.33), and there were no significant differences between the ADM and EPI groups with respect to median duration of response (45 weeks vs. 77 weeks, P = 0.08), time to progression (15 weeks vs. 12 weeks, P = 0.945), and median survival (41 weeks vs. 48 weeks, P = 0.363). Myelotoxicity as shown by leucopenia was significantly more pronounced in the ADM treated patients (P = 0.002). Other toxicities such as alopecia and nausea/vomiting were also more severe in the ADM group (P = 0.02 and 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, the use of equimolar doses of ADM and EPI in advanced soft tissue sarcoma produced response rates which did not differ significantly and were only slightly in favour of ADM. However, this was achieved at the expense of higher toxicity. PMID- 3479330 TI - The rationale for intra-arterial chemotherapy. PMID- 3479331 TI - Spontaneous natural killer cell activity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Endogenous NK activity was measured in ALL patients and compared with child and adult control values. ALL children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy showed significantly lower NK activity than control groups; however, patients off treatment and in remission expressed cytotoxicity within the normal range of the control groups. The expression of the HNK-1 marker in the ALL children was not significantly different from child controls, although ALL patients failed to show the same correlation between cytotoxic activity and HNK-1 expression. The target binding capacity of PBLs from ALL children was significantly greater compared with controls but did not correlate with NK activity. In addition plasma from ALL patients was not inhibitory for NK cytolytic activity, suggesting an innate defect in cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells rather than a plasma inhibitory factor. Patients failing to display NK activity against K562 target cells appeared to mediate killing of measles virus infected (Raji) targets. PMID- 3479332 TI - Transient gene expression in untransformed lymphocytes. AB - Conditions for transfection of normal, freshly isolated and mitogen-stimulated spleen cells were established. A sharp optimum of plasmid at 10 micrograms per 1.5 X 10(7) transfected spleen cells per transfection was observed. The Ig promoter and the IgH enhancer activity was found to be restricted to cells of the B lineage also in normal, freshly isolated lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 3479333 TI - Immunomodulation of murine visceral leishmaniasis by administration of monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies: differential effects of anti-I-A vs. anti-I-E antibodies. AB - On a B10 genetic background noncure and cure phenotypes for murine visceral leishmaniasis are controlled by H-2. In this report results are presented which show the effects of administering specific anti-I-A and anti-I-E monoclonal antibodies to B10.D2/n (H-2d) noncure mice prior to and during 85 days of infection with Leishmania donovani LV9. The effects of the two anti-Ia antibodies were precisely equivalent in diminishing circulating anti-leishmanial IgG levels throughout infection, possibly as a direct effect of the anti-Ia antibodies in reducing the splenic B cell population. In terms of resolution of liver and spleen parasite loads, which is known to be dependent upon induction of a cell mediated immune response, dramatically different results were obtained with the two anti-Ia antibodies. Anti-I-A treatment resulted in prolonged exacerbation of disease in liver and spleen. Anti-I-E treatment was associated with enhanced clearance of liver and spleen parasite loads beyond 30 days of infection. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that blocking major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation by one class II molecule allows T cell responses controlled by the other to predominate. Hence, in H-2d mice, I-E controls suppressor activity while I-A is associated with helper activity for cell-mediated control of infection. The results offer some prospect for the development of haplotype- and class II molecule-specific immunotherapeutic regimens in the host which might prevent the undesirable expansion of T cell populations which exacerbate disease without compromising development of a curative cell-mediated immune response. PMID- 3479335 TI - Long-term bone marrow culture induces terminal differentiation of human myeloid leukemic cells. AB - Bone marrow cells from a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia were simultaneously cultured in vitro under conditions that favored the survival of either (1) leukemic progenitors (leukemic suspension culture), or (2) normal progenitors (long-term bone marrow culture). Whereas cells that were morphologically primitive and cytochemically leukemic persisted in leukemic suspension culture, they were progressively and completely replaced in long-term bone marrow culture by neutrophilic granulocytes and subsequently by macrophages. However, Auer rods were present in the maturing myeloid cells, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, between the 7th and 30th days of long-term bone marrow culture, indicating that they were derived directly from the original leukemic population. This observation suggests that, at least in some patients, selection of cells with the potential for terminal differentiation may be the underlying mechanism responsible for the purging properties that have been attributed to long-term bone marrow culture. PMID- 3479334 TI - Messenger RNA changes during differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - During differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, the levels of certain mRNA were observed to change. To characterize the various patterns of changes that occur during differentiation, cDNA libraries made from RNA isolated from uninduced and differentiating cells were screened with labeled cDNA or RNA labeled in vivo for different periods of time. cDNA clones that corresponded to individual mRNAs whose level remained constant, increased, or decreased during differentiation were identified. These clones were used to analyze Northern blots containing RNA from uninduced and differentiated cells. A number of characteristic changes in individual mRNAs in differentiating murine erythroleukemia cells could be identified, such as no change, increase in concentration, increase in concentration and slight change in size, decrease in concentration, decrease in concentration and change in size, appearance of new band(s) of entirely different size, and change in relative concentrations of two related mRNAs. Measurements of rates of mRNA synthesis and degradation suggest that both parameters change during differentiation and that these changes are instrumental in establishing cellular concentration of specific mRNAs. It seems that the changes in mRNA stability observed in differentiating murine erythroleukemia cells may be associated with changes in the primary structure of the transcribed portion of mRNA. The observation that specific mRNA synthesized before and after induction may have very different stabilities at the same point in differentiation supports this hypothesis. PMID- 3479336 TI - Successful oral chemotherapy with idarubicin in refractory anaemia with excess blasts. AB - 6 patients with refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) were treated with a new oral anthracycline, idarubicin. 3 patients achieved complete remission, and the remaining 3 achieved partial remission. These responses were maintained for 8 60 wk, the longer durations being in the patients who achieved complete remission. Treatment was given on an outpatient basis, and all but 1 patient remained at home for most of the disease course. Unwanted effects were mild. It would thus appear that oral idarubicin is an effective treatment for RAEB, in addition to allowing outpatient management. Larger studies are required for further evaluation. PMID- 3479337 TI - [Dental rehabilitation of a boy with Prader-Willi syndrome]. PMID- 3479338 TI - [Microflora of toothbrushes, with special reference to the incidence of staphylococci and streptococci]. PMID- 3479339 TI - [Cephalometric characteristics of Angle II/1 anomaly]. PMID- 3479340 TI - [Consequences and therapy of the intrusion of deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3479341 TI - [Use of continuously operating low-capacity He-Ne laser in ambulatory oral surgery]. PMID- 3479342 TI - [Laser nephelometry in the detection of immunoglobulins in parotid saliva from patients with Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 3479343 TI - The teenage pregnancy dilemma. PMID- 3479345 TI - Identifying hand cutting instruments. PMID- 3479344 TI - Study tips from the experts. PMID- 3479347 TI - Dental implants--a rare opportunity. PMID- 3479346 TI - Shattered lives: the growing crisis of teenage suicide. PMID- 3479349 TI - Three ways to improve communication with patients and staff. PMID- 3479348 TI - GPs and specialists: referral blunders and how to avoid them. PMID- 3479351 TI - Risk management: an introduction for the dental practice. PMID- 3479350 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Medications for gingival hyperplasia. PMID- 3479352 TI - Dental hygienists attitudes in Virginia. A comparison of Association members and nonmembers. PMID- 3479353 TI - Orthodontics for hygienists. PMID- 3479354 TI - T.E.A.M. work in the United States. PMID- 3479355 TI - X-linked recessive ichthyosis. Reinvestigation of a family first described in 1928. AB - Recent findings in a family with X-linked recessive ichthyosis are presented. The first description of this family in the literature was given and correctly diagnosed by Csorsz in 1928. His paper can be considered one of the most widely cited proofs of the existence of X-linked ichthyosis. The extended pedigree as well as data of steroid sulfatase and arylsulfatase C determinations presented in this paper verify the diagnosis of the X-linked mode of inheritance of ichthyosis in this family. The biochemical investigations carried out on leukocytes of family members resulted not only in a confirmation of the clinico-genetic diagnosis, but they also helped to establish the heterozygous genotype of a female mentioned previously as an affected person. PMID- 3479356 TI - Activities of fucosyltransferases in sera of leukaemic patients: platelet origin of serum alpha-6-L-fucosyltransferase. PMID- 3479358 TI - Resistance to cusp fracture in endodontically treated teeth. PMID- 3479357 TI - The development of fracture toughness and fracture strength in posterior restorative materials. PMID- 3479359 TI - The wear effects of selected composites on restorative materials and enamel. PMID- 3479360 TI - Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crown and bridge veneers. PMID- 3479361 TI - Hardness and metallurgical characterization of dental hand-cutting instruments. PMID- 3479362 TI - Fate of 14C-labelled dimethylpolysiloxane (silicone oil) in a root canal filling material embedded in rat subcutaneous tissues. PMID- 3479364 TI - Surface hardness development in light-cured composites. PMID- 3479363 TI - Fracture resistance of lower molars with Class 1 composite and amalgam restorations. PMID- 3479365 TI - The clinical relevance of mechanical properties of elastomers. PMID- 3479366 TI - Effects of temperature change on the working and setting characteristics of water based dental cements. PMID- 3479367 TI - Correlation between in vitro and in vivo wear of posterior restorative materials. PMID- 3479368 TI - Secretion of goblet cell serine proteinase, ingobsin, is stimulated by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and acetylcholine. AB - Ingobsin is localized to the intestinal goblet cells in the rat and in man. In the present study, we investigated the effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine on the secretion of ingobsin from the proximal duodenum. Intravenous infusion of VIP or acetylcholine increased the concentration of ingobsin in duodenal secretion, while the concentration in the duodenum was unchanged. Simultaneous infusion of VIP and acetylcholine increased the concentration of ingobsin in duodenal secretion and decreased the concentration of ingobsin in the duodenum. This study demonstrates that secretion of ingobsin from the proximal duodenum is exocrine and can be stimulated by VIP and acetylcholine. PMID- 3479369 TI - [Use of ofloxacin in otorhinolaryngologic infections]. AB - Ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolonic synthetic compound with broad antibacterial spectrum, was used in per os therapy of 15 ear, nose and throat infected patients. The antibiotic was then compared with other eight antimicrobial agents against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. Either in vitro than in vivo the god antibacterial activity and tolerance of ofloxacin, particularly against Gram-positive infections, was demonstrated. Results point out the possibility of utilization of ofloxacin per os against ear, nose and throat infections. PMID- 3479371 TI - The human genome project: what impact on basic research? PMID- 3479370 TI - [In vitro comparative activity of norfloxacin in the comparison of pathogenic bacteria of the urinary tract]. AB - In this study 411 bacterial isolates from clinical urinary tract infections against some quinolones, azthreonam and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole combination were tested. Bactericidal kinetics of norfloxacin , cinoxacin and azthreonam against E. coli ATCC 25922 was determined. Both MICs values and bactericidal activities have shown that fluoroquinolones are more active against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested than the other drugs. PMID- 3479373 TI - [Functional activity of neutrophils in patients with chronic myeloleukemia]. PMID- 3479372 TI - [Efficacy and tolerability of imipenem/cilastatin in infections at various sites]. PMID- 3479374 TI - [Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of neutrophils and monocytes of peripheral blood in chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. PMID- 3479375 TI - [Results of the use of human leukocytic interferon combined with chemical preparations for the induction of remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3479377 TI - Identification of a promoter sequence in the plasmid pUL340 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum and construction of new cloning vectors for corynebacteria containing two selectable markers. AB - A strong promoter P1 has been found in plasmid pUL340, a cloning vector used to transform corynebacteria. This promoter is also expressed efficiently in Escherichia coli. A gene (cat) for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from Streptomyces acrimycini and a gene (hyg) for hygromycin phosphotransferase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus were subcloned in different positions of the Brevibacterium lactofermentum plasmid pUL340. Both resistance genes are expressed in B. lactofermentum from their own promoters or from the endogenous promoter in pUL340. These genes provide useful screening markers for selecting transformants of B. lactofermentum together with the kanamycin-resistance gene from the transposon Tn5. PMID- 3479376 TI - [Polyamine level as a possible criterion for the evaluation of resistance to chemotherapy of children with acute leukemia]. PMID- 3479378 TI - Effect of indomethacin on aqueous PGE2 levels in rabbits following ocular trauma. AB - Using a highly specific radioimmunoassay, post-traumatic aqueous PGE2 levels were measured in rabbit eyes treated with topical indomethacin aqueous solution, as well as in untreated eyes. In two groups of ten rabbits each, the surgical trauma consisted of corneoscleral incision (without injury to the iris); one of the two groups received prophylactic treatment (3 days) and therapeutic (21 days) indomethacin treatment. In two other groups of ten rabbits each, corneoscleral incision and iridectomy were performed. One group received indomethacin treatment as described above, while the other group was not treated. Surgery was performed in all 40 right eyes, the left eyes serving as controls. In 20 of the 40 left eyes, indomethacin therapy was applied. In all right and left eyes, aqueous samples were withdrawn 3 days and 21 days postoperatively, and PGE2 concentrations were determined. The results indicate that 3 days after corneal trauma and 3 days after corneal trauma plus iridectomy, there was a highly significant reduction in the elevated PGE2 concentrations as a result of indomethacin therapy. On postoperative day 21, indomethacin reduced even further the still slightly elevated aqueous PGE2 concentrations without, however, completely blocking prostaglandin activity. The latter was observed even in the control animals that were not operated upon; they showed minimal PGE2 levels in response to corneal puncture on postoperative day 3 for the purpose of drawing aqueous samples. Our study demonstrated that short-term indomethacin therapy has a significant inhibitory effect, but no unequivocal answers were found as to the value of long-term treatment. PMID- 3479379 TI - Effect of luminal pH on the output of bicarbonate and PGE2 by the normal human stomach. AB - The gastric output of bicarbonate and prostaglandin E2 has been calculated using a perfusion technique before and after instillation of 100 mM hydrochloric acid into the stomach of seven healthy volunteers. A significant increase in bicarbonate output occurred from 258 +/- 38 mumol/30 min during the basal period to 531 +/- 86 mumol/30 min after return of the intragastric pH to neutral (p less than 0.05). Prostaglandin E2 output also increased significantly from 410 +/- 136 pmol/30 min to 1002 +/- 194 pmol/30 min (p less than 0.05). The changes were caused mainly by an increase in gastric secretory volume with only non significant increases in concentrations of bicarbonate and prostaglandin E2. The results suggest that mechanisms exist to adjust the rate of gastric bicarbonate secretion to the prevailing intraluminal pH and that this may occur through the release of prostaglandin E2. PMID- 3479380 TI - Correlation of CA125 and CA19-9 serum levels with clinical course and second-look findings in patients with ovarian carcinoma. AB - CA125 and CA19-9 levels were serially evaluated in blood samples from 21 patients during and after integrated surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment for ovarian carcinoma. Serial measurement of CA125 and CA19-9 correlated with clinical course of disease in 89.7 and 72.7% of instances, respectively. The decrease of serum CA125 and/or CA19-9 in the normal range at the end of chemotherapy does not exclude the presence of residual disease, which can be accurately evaluated only by second-look laparotomy. Serum CA125 and/or CA19-9 can raise some months before clinical and ultrasonographic detection of recurrence. CA125 is the most reliable marker in ovarian carcinoma; however, the concomitant measurement of CA19-9 could offer some benefit in the monitoring of patients with this neoplasia. PMID- 3479381 TI - Peritoneal tuberculosis with elevated serum CA 125 levels: a case report. AB - Laparotomy in a 62-year-old woman with elevated serum CA 125 antigen levels with the provisional diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma revealed peritoneal tuberculosis. After treatment with the bacteriocidal chemotherapeutic agents, the antigen level returned to the normal, and she has been well for 24 months postoperatively. PMID- 3479382 TI - [Ceftizoxime concentrations in diseases of the bile ducts. A comparative study in patients with nasobiliary catheter]. PMID- 3479383 TI - Home care standards: some questions remain. PMID- 3479384 TI - [Resection of the proximal tibia and substitution of a vascularized medial femoral condyle free graft]. PMID- 3479385 TI - Autosomal recessive and dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease are not allelic. AB - Linkage analysis has been carried out in 11 kindreds with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) using the genetic marker 3'HVR, closely linked (theta = 0.05) to the gene of the autosomal dominant type. Close linkage (theta less than or equal to 0.20) between the locus of the marker and that of ARPKD can be excluded. These data strongly suggest that the loci for the autosomal recessive and dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease are not allelic. PMID- 3479386 TI - Determining the origin of human X isochromosomes by use of DNA sequence polymorphisms and detection of an apparent i(Xq) with Xp sequences. AB - The parental origin of five X isochromosomes were determined using 11 DNA markers. The isochromosome was derived from a maternal X chromosome in three cases and from a paternal X chromosome in two. Unexpected heterozygosity was detected for the proximal Xp region in one individual in whom the i(Xq) chromosome was paternally derived. This was confirmed by in situ hybridisation. A mode of formation of isochromosomes by breakage and reunion between the sister chromatids of the arms of an X chromosome is proposed to account for this. Sister chromatid breakage and reunion can be considered as a significant mechanism for the origin of i(Xq) chromosomes. PMID- 3479388 TI - Loss of heterozygosity in hypotriploid cell cultures from testicular tumours. AB - We have established cell lines with a hypotriploid chromosome number from four testicular tumours. Each line had at least one Y chromosome and most of the informative centrosome and enzyme markers were heterozygous implying that the tumours originated from germ cells before the first meiotic division. The small metacentric marker chromosome (i12p), specific for testicular tumours, was present in all tumour cell lines and up to three copies were found in some lines. Rearrangements of chromosome 1 and 11 were each found in three out of four tumours. The rearrangements of chromosome 1 all resulted in duplication of 1q and deletion of short-arm material from the same chromosome giving loss of heterozygosity for enzyme markers on 1p. Loss of satellite material from chromosome 13 and the centromere region of chromosome 9 were found in single cases. This study shows that even where the chromosome number of tumour cells is near triploid, regions of the genome can be deleted. The chromosomes most frequently involved in rearrangements, 1, 11, and 12 all contain sites of ras oncogenes and it is suggested that loss of normal alleles could result in homozygosity for mutant oncogenes which may play a part in tumour progression. PMID- 3479387 TI - Functional hemizygosity in the human genome: direct estimate from twelve erythrocyte enzyme loci. AB - Cord blood samples from 2020 unrelated newborns were screened for levels of enzyme activity for twelve enzymes. The level of enzymatic activity for 100 determinations were consistent with the existence of an enzyme-deficiency allele. The frequency of deficiency alleles in the Black population (0.0071) was four times higher (after removal of the G6PD*A- variant) than in the Caucasian sample (0.0016). These frequencies are approximately double the frequency of rare electrophoretic mobility variants at similar loci in the same population. Given the number of functionally important loci in the human genome, these enzyme deficiency variants could constitute a significant health burden. PMID- 3479389 TI - Interpretation of the heterogeneity in the linkage relationships of DNA markers around the fragile X locus. PMID- 3479390 TI - Generation of phenotypically distinct macrophage-hepatoma hybrid clones. AB - By fusion of C3H/HeJ splenic adherent mononuclear cells enriched for macrophages with HPRT-deficient C57L/J HH- hepatoma cells, we have generated six macrophage hepatoma hybrid clones. The hybrid nature of isolated clones was demonstrated by karyotypic analysis. The hybrid clones were screened for macrophage properties by assaying the presence of two enzymes: nonspecific esterase and lysozyme. Three of six hybrids expressed higher amount of Ia antigen and less amount of FcR; the other three hybrids expressed higher amounts of Fcr, but no Ia antigen. Phagocytosis of serum-opsonized beads is positively correlated with FcR expression, while the proliferation of antigen-primed lymphocytes is only induced by antigen-pulsed hybrids expressing Ia antigen. One hybrid clone (MH3-1) secreted significantly higher level of PGE2 and also expressed Ia antigen with higher ability of antigen-presentation. The data suggest that the cell hybridization can segregate macrophage-featured phenotypes into different hybrid clones which perform distinct functions. It may facilitate the study on the relationship of macrophage functions and the relationship between the functions and defined cell structure. PMID- 3479391 TI - The effect of protein deficiency on systemic release of rat mucosal mast cell protease II during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and following systemic anaphylaxis. AB - Serum rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII) was measured in protein deficient rats to assess mucosal mast cell (MMC) activation during primary infection with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and during systemic anaphylaxis produced by Nippostrongylus antigen in immune animals. In the first study, serum RMCPII increased 4-fold by day 15 after infection. By day 20, serum RMCPII continued to rise in protein-deficient animals, but decreased in nutritionally normal animals. This was associated with impaired worm rejection in protein-deficient rats. During systemic anaphylaxis, serum RMCPII was elevated in three groups of protein-deficient rats on 6%, 8% and 10% low protein diets and in nutritionally normal rats. All protein-deficient rats exhibited 3 to 7-fold less mucosal permeability of the small intestine to Evan's blue dye injected intravenously compared to nutritionally normal animals following anaphylactic stimulation. These results demonstrated that MMC are activated during infection in protein deficiency, and suggest that reduced MMC function does not explain delay in worm expulsion. Impaired mucosal anaphylaxis in protein deficiency could not be attributed to a failure of MMC response. PMID- 3479392 TI - In-vivo activation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine and other n-nitroso-2 hydroxyalkylamines by alcohol dehydrogenase and sulfotransferase. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activates N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) to a potent mutagen in the Ames mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay. In vivo, NDELA, its metabolite N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine (NHMOR) and other 2-hydroxylated N nitrosoalkylamines induce single-strand breaks in rat liver after a single oral application. After competitive inhibition of ADH by pretreatment with ethanol, induction of single-strand breaks by NDELA and N-nitroso(2 hydroxyethyl)ethylamine (NHEEA) was completely suppressed, whereas breaks induced by NHMOR were only partially reduced. Ethanol also influences cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenases. To investigate whether the observed effect depends on inhibition of ADH and/or of monooxygenases, rats were pretreated with the ADH inhibitor 3-butylthiolane-1-oxide; a considerable reduction in the single-strand break-inducing potential of NDELA was seen. Moreover, DNA damage induced by NDELA, NHMOR and other hydroxylated N-nitroso compounds is strongly reduced by pretreatment with the sulfotransferase inhibitor, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP). DCNP pretreatment completely suppressed the induction of single-strand breaks by NDELA, whereas the number induced by NHEEA was only partially reduced. Our data suggest that ADH and sulfotransferase are enzymes responsible for the in vivo activation of N-nitroso-2-hydroxyalkylamines. PMID- 3479393 TI - An update on periodontal conditions in adults, measured by CPITN. AB - At the Global Oral Data Bank of the WHO, the results of CPITN surveys from many countries are received, analysed and stored. An overview of CPITN data for adults in the key age group 35-44 years of age is presented. Tentative conclusions are that the periodontal conditions for which specific interventions (oral hygiene instruction--scaling--etc.) might be considered are of notable magnitude in adult populations. However, for the large majority, in most of the populations observed, the progress of periodontal diseases has been slow and seems to be compatible with the retention of the natural dentition until at least the age of fifty, i.e. a few years beyond the upper age limit of the group from which the data were derived. Compared with previous perceptions this conclusion permits a much more optimistic outlook for periodontal health and for the retention of a functioning dentition for life. PMID- 3479394 TI - Use of CPITN cross-tabulations--a research perspective. AB - In earlier years, studies on the epidemiology of periodontal disease were often reported in the form of mean scores for the population studied. Use of the WHO recommended Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) has given important additional information, particularly about the distribution of indicators of current periodontal disease within various age groups of the population. In the analysis of survey data, the use of CPITN cross-tabulations has been found particularly promising for the assessment of both preventive and therapeutic needs. For example, in Finnish schoolchildren the proportion of subjects with two or more sextants scoring Code 2 for calculus increased from 0 per cent at age 7 to 5 per cent at age 12 and 9 per cent at age 17 years. In the same population, 0 per cent at 7, 1 per cent at 12, and 4 per cent at 17 years of age had one or more pockets measuring more than 3 mm. In another population, comprising dentate adults from rural Finland, the prevalence of Code 4 for 6 mm or deeper pockets increased from 1 per cent at age 25 to 6 per cent at age 35, 18 per cent at age 50, and 27 per cent at 65 years of age. An important additional observation was that a total of 58 per cent of those who had one or more Code 4's, had their advanced periodontal disease confined to only one sextant. The latter finding may prove useful when deciding between partial and full mouth examinations in future epidemiological studies. PMID- 3479395 TI - Community periodontal index of treatment needs in Finland. AB - WHO and FDI introduced in 1984 a simplified periodontal examination system for dental practitioners utilizing the CPITN. Finland was among the first countries to adopt the newly developed index nationwide. The process of introducing the CPITN was a tough and time-consuming task. Close co-operation between the administration, the educational system and the dental association was needed. The National Board of Health for Finland initiated the monitoring of periodontal diseases in 1981. The University of Helsinki was invited to provide the scientific basis for the monitoring process. The CPITN was then tested in a dozen municipal health centres. Testing of the index took one year and the results led to the adoption of the CPITN nationwide. In 1984 instructions for the use of CPITN were issued by the National Board of Health to all dentists in Finland. The role of the Finnish Dental Association was essential in launching a national training programme on the practical use of the index. The first national data on CPITN indicate that the index is suitable and useful in the monitoring of the periodontal health of the population. It is noteworthy that the national introduction of this index took several years in a fairly well developed small country. Much co-operation, testing and training were required until the first national results using CPITN were available. PMID- 3479396 TI - Guide to the use of glass ionomer filling materials. Federation Dentaire Internationale. Technical Report No. 27. PMID- 3479397 TI - Determination of the cleavage specificity of Streptomyces griseus protease B in the presence of guanidinium chloride. AB - Streptomyces griseus protease B (SGPB), a Pronase enzyme, has been shown to be stable and active in the presence of 6.0 M guanidinium chloride (Siegel, S. et al. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 4155-4159). In order to determine the cleavage specificity of this unusual enzyme under denaturing conditions, 12 peptides of known amino acid sequence were hydrolyzed by SGPB in the absence and presence of 6.0 M guanidinium chloride. The new N-terminal amino acids produced by the action of SGPB were dansylated and quantitatively identified by reverse phase HPLC. The results indicate that SGPB retained its cleavage specificity for phenylalanyl, tyrosyl, tryptophanyl, and leucyl peptide bonds in the presence of 6.0 M guanidinium chloride. Of these peptide bonds, SGPB exhibited a greater cleavage preference for phenylalanyl and tryptophanyl bonds, which was relatively unaffected by the presence of the denaturant. The SGPB-catalyzed cleavages of the leucyl peptide bonds examined (Leu-Met, Leu-Arg, Leu-Val, Leu-Thr, and Leu-Ile) were substantially decreased under denaturing conditions, while Leu-Gly bond cleavage by SGPB was virtually unaffected by denaturant. The demonstrated predictability of the catalytic preference of this unusual protease for phenylalanyl, tyrosyl, tryptophanyl, and leucyl-glycine peptide bonds under denaturing conditions enhances its utility in the site-specific proteolysis of insoluble or otherwise proteolysis-resistant polypeptide substrates. PMID- 3479398 TI - Speech and swallowing changes associated with sagittal osteotomy: a report of four subjects. PMID- 3479399 TI - Research in orofacial myology. PMID- 3479400 TI - Evaluation of the patient with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. PMID- 3479401 TI - Determining research priorities for orofacial myology. PMID- 3479402 TI - Myofunctional therapy and orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3479403 TI - Sleep disorders in Tourette's syndrome. AB - Sleep disorders have been reported in approximately 80% of Tourette's syndrome (TS) patients. Sleep studies in TS patients have demonstrated a 30% reduction in delta-sleep (slow-wave sleep) in nontreated subjects, decreased percentage of REM sleep and the presence of tics during sleep. A subgroup of young TS patients was reported to have an increased percentage of delta sleep. Although these findings were initially thought to result from deranged dopaminergic and serotoninergic functions in TS, we suggest that abnormalities of hypothalamic-mediated control mechanisms involving the intrinsic opioids may also account for the observed derangements in sleep-wave patterns in TS patients. Evidence for impaired hypothalamic regulation in TS patients includes our preliminary observations of abnormal growth-hormone release to administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone in TS. These data further suggest an interrelationship of neurochemical mechanisms involving opioid-mediated hyperactivity, slow-wave sleep and growth hormone at the level of the hypothalamus. PMID- 3479405 TI - Soft tissue fenestration and osseous dehiscence associated with orthodontic therapy. PMID- 3479406 TI - Eclectic psychotherapy and constructive alternativism. PMID- 3479404 TI - Biometrical studies using dura mater on the donor site of lateral sliding flaps. PMID- 3479407 TI - First-year dental students: relationship between stress and performance. PMID- 3479408 TI - An initial inquiry into the altered state experiences associated with terpsichoretrancetherapy. PMID- 3479409 TI - Follow-up study of thirty-three hospitalized anorectic patients. PMID- 3479410 TI - The use of group therapy in the treatment of bulimia. PMID- 3479411 TI - New antibiotics from genetically engineered actinomycetes. I. 2-Norerythromycins, isolation and structural determinations. AB - Novel macrolide antibiotics have been isolated from a genetically manipulated actinomycete. The major components produced have been isolated and identified as 2-norerythromycins A, B, C and D by mass spectrometry and extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments. PMID- 3479412 TI - Arugomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical properties. AB - Arugomycin (AGM) is a new anthracycline antibiotic produced by strain No. 1098 AV2 which was identified as Streptomyces violaceochromogenes. AGM was isolated by solvent extraction, silicic acid chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Acid treatment of AGM gave the chromophore, named arugorol, which was identified as 4'-epi-nogalarol, and sugar moieties. AGM inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and showed antitumor activity against sarcoma S-180 and Ehrlich ascites tumors. PMID- 3479413 TI - Arugomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic. II. Structural elucidation. AB - The structure of arugomycin was determined by chemical degradation, and NMR and mass spectral analyses to be a new anthracycline antibiotic with arugorol (4'-epi nogalarol) as the chromophore and two sugar chains comprising diginosyl decilonitrosyl-2-deoxyfucose, and (4-O-fumaryl-diginosyl)-diginosyl-2 deoxyfucosyl -diginose. PMID- 3479414 TI - Arugomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic. III. Biological activities of arugomycin and its analogues obtained by chemical degradation and modification. AB - Biological activities of arugomycin and its analogues obtained by chemical degradation and modification were evaluated. Differences in the sugar moieties affected their biological activities including induction of differentiation of mouse Friend erythroleukemia cells and mouse myeloid leukemia cells, antitumor activities against sarcoma S-180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and P388 leukemia, and cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cells. Some relationships were found between the sugar moieties and biological activities. PMID- 3479415 TI - Modification of the cysteamine side chain of thienamycin. III. AB - Thienamycin derivatives (4) having a cyclic amidine moiety at the C-2 position were prepared. The susceptibility to renal dehydropeptidase-1 and the antimicrobial activity of these compounds were determined. Their structure activity relationships are also discussed. PMID- 3479416 TI - SN-07 chromophore: an anthracycline antibiotic from the macromolecular antibiotic SN-07. PMID- 3479417 TI - Susceptibility of urinary isolates of Corynebacterium group D2 to fifteen antimicrobials and acetohydroxamic acid. AB - The susceptibility in vitro of 28 Corynebacterium group D2 strains, mainly isolated from urine, to fifteen antimicrobial agents and acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) was determined at two pH values. The bactericidal activity of four antimicrobials and AHA was studied in three reference strains in broth at two pHs and with two inoculum sizes. The activity of norfloxacin and AHA, against one selected strain, in broth and human urine, was also determined. Vancomycin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin were the most active agents tested. Norfloxacin acted bactericidally in broth and in human urine but was not synergic with AHA. PMID- 3479418 TI - In-vitro susceptibility testing of anaerobes with 10-micrograms imipenem discs. PMID- 3479420 TI - The efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. AB - The clinical efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were compared in a prospective, randomized double blind, placebo combined cross-over study in 26 adult cystic fibrosis patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Active treatment consisted of ciprofloxacin 750 mg orally twice daily or ofloxacin 400 mg orally twice daily; both treatments were given for 14 days, with three months between treatment periods; 21 patients completed both treatment periods. Treatment with both ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was associated with a good clinical response as judged by clinical score, lung function tests and inflammatory parameters; no difference between ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was found. Adverse reactions were seen in nine of 24 patients who received ciprofloxacin and in six of 23 who received ofloxacin. The majority were dyspeptic reactions or photosensitivity. No serious adverse reactions occurred. Three cases of treatment failure were found, one of which was associated with development of resistant P. aeruginosa during ofloxacin treatment. The mean MIC of both drugs increased during treatment but returned to pretreatment values within three months. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin seem to be valuable agents for intermittent treatment of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in adult cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 3479419 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - The steady state pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were compared in cystic fibrosis patients. In a cross-over study eighteen adult patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection were given either oral ciprofloxacin 750 mg bid or oral ofloxacin 400 mg bid for two weeks. Three months later the alternative treatment was given. Concentrations were determined by a microbiological assay. Mean serum concentrations of ofloxacin (peak 5.9 mg/l) were higher than for ciprofloxacin (peak 4.0 mg/l). The time to reach maximal concentrations did not differ. The apparent total body clearance was significantly greater for ciprofloxacin, but renal clearances were similar. Relative to ofloxacin ciprofloxacin had a significantly shorter serum elimination half-life (3.4 vs. 6.4 h), showed less penetration into sputum (18% vs. 79%) and a lesser amount was recovered in urine (21% vs. 71% up to 12 h after dosing). No correlation was found between any pharmacokinetic parameter and change in pulmonary function. PMID- 3479421 TI - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis little affected by three quinolones in vitro. PMID- 3479422 TI - Imipenem penetration into bronchial secretions. PMID- 3479423 TI - A comparison of language characteristics of mentally retarded adults with fragile X syndrome and those with nonspecific mental retardation and autism. AB - Fragile X syndrome is a recently identified form of mental retardation that is associated with a chromosomal abnormality and inherited in an X-linked manner. Previous studies have suggested that distinctive speech and language characteristics are associated with the syndrome. Twelve adult male residents of an institution for the retarded (aged 23 to 51 years) were compared on a series of speech and language measures to 12 adult males with nonspecific forms of MR who were residents of the same institution and were matched on age and IQ. A second contrast group consisted of similarly matched autistic men. Results revealed that there were no significant differences among the groups' performance, with the exception of increased rates of echolalia in the autistic group. A nonsignificant trend toward poorer performance on expressive measures on the part of the fragile X group was noted. The implications of these findings for further research on the syndrome are discussed. PMID- 3479424 TI - Tourette's syndrome with symptoms of attention deficit disorder treated with desipramine. PMID- 3479426 TI - Artificially induced developmental defects in sheep enamel examined by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Upper incisor teeth from sheep infected with parasites or given 6 mg fluoride per kg bodyweight for 21 days during the period of tooth formation were examined with SEM and microradiography. It was found using both techniques that there had been a severe disturbance of the secretory ameloblasts leading to enamel hypoplasia. It is suggested that it is the severity rather than the cause of the insult to the ameloblasts which determines the degree of hypoplasia. PMID- 3479425 TI - [Changes in the granular ducts of the submandibular gland in rats subjected to dietary deficiencies]. AB - Lack of balance in protein diets induced structural modifications of the rat submaxillary glands. The granular ducts underwent a differentiation delay and a hypodevelopment under the effect of hypo and hyperproteinic diets. The optical microscope morphometric analysis showed that the total and single surfaces of the ducts were different in the groups with abnormal hypo or hyperproteinic diets compared to the control group. In TEM, the quantitative study showed that the number of cells with dense granules and the number of these granules were decreased in the hypoproteinic group. The mean number of granules was in contrast increased in the hyperproteinic group. The results are discussed in terms of duct differentiation, secretory function of the granular cells and equilibrium of the oral cavity. PMID- 3479427 TI - [Influence of age and contraction strength on the duration of the electromyographic silence period in the elevator muscles of the mandible]. AB - The electromyographic silent period (P.S.) of the elevator muscles is highly variable and seems to be influenced by many factors. The effects of the subject's age and the contraction strength of the muscle were investigated. The subject's age was studied in 51 patients divided in two groups: young adults aged 20 to 35 years and older adults, aged 50 to 65 years. The P.S. difference appearing between the two groups was very small and not significant. Age did not seem to modify the P.S. period in patients who all had satisfactory dentitions and good masticatory function. The influence of the contraction strength was compared in 21 subjects from the preceding group of 51 patients. These 21 patients were asked to perform a maximum voluntary contraction in a position of maximum intercuspidation. The P.S. period was then significantly shorter than in the case of a contraction of medium strength. Most of the workers agreed to the conclusion that an increase in contraction strength involves a reduction of the P.S. almost to its complete disappearance. PMID- 3479428 TI - [Differentiation of the stimulating action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on oxygen consumption of the parotid gland in the rat]. AB - Epinephrine and norepinephrine, but not isoproterenol, stimulated the consumption of oxygen in rat parotid gland slices in a dose dependent manner. Their actions were abolished by phentolamine but propranolol had no effect. The response to epinephrine was selectively blocked by yohimbine, whereas the response to norepinephrine was inhibited by prazosin. Nifedipine abolished the action of epinephrine but had no effect on norepinephrine. The findings suggest that epinephrine enhanced oxygen consumption in the parotid gland slices by the activation of the calcium dependent alpha-2-adrenoreceptors while the response to norepinephrine was mediated by the alpha-1-receptors. PMID- 3479429 TI - Autophosphorylation of the protein kinase dependent on double-stranded RNA. AB - The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (p68 kinase) from interferon-treated human cell is a Mr 68,000 protein induced by interferon. By the use of a specific monoclonal antibody, we have been able to study the two distinct protein kinase activities characteristic of purified p68 kinase. The first activity is functional for endogenous phosphorylation of the enzyme (p68 kinase), whereas the second one is responsible for the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates such as eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and histone. When activated by dsRNA in the presence of Mn2+ and ATP, p68 kinase is autophosphorylated and is then capable of catalyzing phosphorylation of histone in the absence of dsRNA. Whereas binding of 8-azido-[alpha-32P] ATP (8-N3ATP) to p68 kinase is dependent on both dsRNA and Mn2+, phosphorylated p68 kinase binds 8 N3ATP independent of dsRNA. This is consistent with a dsRNA requirement for the autophosphorylation of p68 kinase, but not for the phosphorylation of exogenous substrates. p68 kinase is mainly associated with the ribosomal pellet. It could be recovered efficiently by a buffer containing both high salt and a nonionic detergent. Synthesis of p68 kinase is induced several-fold by interferon in different types of human cells. Partial proteolysis of [35S]methionine and an 8 N3ATP-labeled p68 kinase preparation by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease indicated the presence of a major Mr 48,000 polypeptide (p48) with a specific ATP binding site. p48 probably contains the catalytic unit of p68 kinase and is analogous to a similar protein which we have previously described as a distinct protein present in a complexed form with p68 kinase. We now believe that the presence of p48 in previously purified kinase preparations was due to partial degradation of p68 kinase. PMID- 3479430 TI - Nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter vinelandii in tungsten-containing medium. AB - Nitrogenase was isolated and purified from wild-type and a tungsten-resistant mutant (LM2) of Azotobacter vinelandii strain OP derepressed on medium containing 1-10 mM W. While the enzyme from the wild-type strain contained the polypeptides of the conventional enzyme, metal analysis of component 1 demonstrated the existence of one atom each of molybdenum and tungsten. Furthermore, the ESR spectrum of this protein contained three signals, two of which originated from S = 3/2 spin states. One of these signals is nearly identical to that of the conventional MoFe-protein while the other is hypothesized to originate from a W containing cofactor. In spite of the presence of W, the substrate reduction pattern of this enzyme is the same as that of the conventional enzyme. PMID- 3479431 TI - Phosphorylation of the surface transferrin receptor stimulates receptor internalization in HL60 leukemic cells. AB - The transferrin receptor is a target protein for phosphorylation by activated intracellular protein kinase C (May, W. S., Sahyoun, N., Jacobs, S., Wolf, M., and Cuatrecasas, P. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9419-9426). Recently we reported that the potent tumor-promoting agent phorbol diester or a synthetic diacylglycerol could mediate rapid down-regulation of the surface transferrin receptor in association with receptor phosphorylation in HL60 leukemic cells and suggested that this phosphorylation may provide a signal for receptor internalization. In this communication we have tested experimentally the predictions generated by the hypothesis that receptor phosphorylation may play such a role in the intracellular cycling of the transferrin receptor. Results indicate that phorbol diester-stimulated phosphorylation occurs stoichiometrically only on the surface-oriented receptor and precedes internalization. Using a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, it was found that both phorbol diester-mediated receptor phosphorylation and down-regulation could be antagonized. While the mechanism of internalization of the phosphorylated receptor is not clear, phorbol diester treatment significantly increases the rate constant for endocytosis from 0.183 to 0.462 min-1, while inhibiting only slightly the rate constant for exocytosis of the internalized receptor from 0.113 to 0.079 min-1. Thus, we conclude that phorbol diester treatment affects intracellular cycling of receptors and establishes a new steady state distribution of surface and intracellular receptors. These data support a role for receptor phosphorylation as a trigger for internalization primarily by stimulating the process of transferrin receptor endocytosis while affecting the subsequent exocytosis of the receptor cycling only slightly. PMID- 3479432 TI - 1,2-Diacylglycerols but not phorbol esters stimulate sphingomyelin hydrolysis in GH3 pituitary cells. AB - It has recently been proposed that degradation products of sphingolipids may serve as physiologic inhibitors of protein kinase C. The present study was performed to determine the effect of 1,2-diacylglycerols and phorbol esters, known activators of protein kinase C, on sphingomyelin metabolism. 1,2 Dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) caused time- and concentration-dependent reduction in the level of sphingomyelin labeled to equilibrium with [3H]choline. diC8 (200 micrograms/ml) reduced [3H]sphingomyelin to 81 +/- 3% of control (p less than 0.005) by 15 min, and the level was 58 +/- 5% of control after 1 h; an EC50 for this event was 56 micrograms/ml. To evaluate the mechanisms of stimulated hydrolysis, the sphingoid base backbone of sphingomyelin was labeled with [14C] serine, and the effects of diC8 were quantitated. diC8 (100 micrograms/ml) reduced the level of sphingomyelin to 66 +/- 7% of control by 1 h from 375 +/- 12 pmol/10(6) cells to 245 +/- 26 pmol/10(6) cells. There was a concomitant increase in ceramide from 89 +/- 4 pmol/10(6) cells to 252 +/- 27 pmol/10(6) cells consistent with activation of the enzyme, sphingomyelinase (EC 3.1.4.12). In support of this contention, 1,2-diacylglycerols appeared to enhance the activity of an acid, but not a neutral, sphingomyelinase in homogenates of GH3 cells. The 1,2-diacylglycerol, 1-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol, produced similar effects. In contrast, the phorbol esters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, failed to stimulate sphingomyelin hydrolysis. Further, these effects of the 1,2-diacylglycerols occurred in cells down-modulated for protein kinase C. These studies demonstrate that 1,2-diacylglycerols stimulate sphingomyelin hydrolysis by a mechanism independent of the protein kinase C which mediates phorbol ester action. This is the first report of stimulated sphingomyelin hydrolysis by a physiologic effector molecule. PMID- 3479433 TI - Molecular bases for the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation, and transformation. Proceedings of a conference. Coconut Grove, Florida, November 10 and 11, 1986. PMID- 3479435 TI - The Yang and Yin of cell proliferation: an overview. AB - Cell proliferation is a regulated process. The major events that determine production of new cells, from growth factors stimulation to cell division, are briefly summarized. Regulation of cell growth is exerted on specific cell cycle events. It depends upon specially evolved biochemical mechanisms, based on molecules additional to the functional molecules which control catalysis, or genetic sequences which code for proteins (as for regulation of bacterial enzyme and gene activities). The principle of Yang and Yin--the balance between opposing natural forces--is emphasized as a fundamental property of growth regulation. Such a balance creates a dynamic state that is far more responsive to effectors than is a process modified by a unidirectionally controlling agent. Derangements of dynamically controlled processes can seriously upset metabolic balances in a cell. Our understanding of growth control and its derangements in cancer depends on discovery of these regulatory molecules and processes. PMID- 3479436 TI - Multivariate sexing of the human viscerocranium. PMID- 3479434 TI - Distribution of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in tissues and structure function studies with synthetic fragments of basic FGF. AB - Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are characterized by their high affinity for heparin and their capacity to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo. While both molecules are structurally distinct they have 53% homology in their primary sequence and exist in similar molecular forms. These heparin-binding growth factors are also characterized by a wide distribution, a characteristic that may be attributable, at least in part, to their production by endothelial cells and their storage in the extracellular matrix. Structure-function studies with synthetic fragments of basic FGF have identified two peptidic sequences that cross-react with FGF receptor and that can modulate the cellular response to basic FGF. Both functional domains bind radiolabeled heparin, inhibit cell growth, and can interfere with stimulation of neurite outgrowth, cell adhesion, and differentiated cell function. The possible application of these antagonists to defining the role of FGF in wound repair, nerve regeneration, and vascularization of the vasovasorum is discussed. PMID- 3479437 TI - The importance of radiology in a case of soft tissue laceration: beneath the tip of the iceberg. PMID- 3479438 TI - A case of skull identification by means of photographic superimposition. PMID- 3479439 TI - The dental identification of fire victims. PMID- 3479440 TI - Dietary fat clearance in normal subjects is regulated by genetic variation in apolipoprotein E. AB - Apolipoprotein E (apo E) plays an important role in receptor mediated clearance of lipoprotein particles from plasma. Common genetic variation in apo E exists with three alleles coding for proteins called E2, E3, and E4. In in vitro receptor binding assays, E2 binds poorly, whereas E3 and E4 function normally. Recently, the apo E phenotype has been shown to have an effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with levels in subjects with E2 lower and E4 higher than E3. We have examined the effect of the apo E polymorphism on dietary fat clearance using the vitamin A-fat loading test, which specifically labels intestinally derived lipoproteins with retinyl palmitate (RP). 27 normal subjects were studied, 10 with E3/3, 9 with E3/2, 7 with E4/3, and 1 with E4/4. After a vitamin A-containing fatty meal, postprandial RP concentrations were measured in chylomicron (Sf greater than 1,000) and nonchylomicron (Sf less than 1,000) fractions for 14 h. Compared with E3/3 subjects, E3/2 subjects had a significantly higher nonchylomicron RP concentration (P less than 0.05) (peak heights and areas below the curves) indicating slower clearance and the E4/3, E4/4 group had a significantly lower nonchylomicron RP concentration (P less than 0.05) indicating faster clearance. The clearance in the latter group was twice that of E3/2 subjects (P less than 0.01). Thus, heterozygosity for the defective form of apo E, E2, delays, and the surprising presence of a functionally normal allele, E4, increases clearance. This apo E effect on exogenous fat clearance may explain the recently described effect of the apo E phenotypes on LDL cholesterol levels. PMID- 3479444 TI - Five-year follow-up of Le Fort I osteotomies. AB - The outcome of a five-year radiographic follow-up study of 150 patients with maxillo-mandibular malformations who had undergone Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla is reported. A superimposition technique made possible an exact evaluation of the adjustments effected. The results confirm the validity of a study conducted in 1977 and the five-year stability of the maxilla. The importance of the relationship between the Frankfort plane, occlusal plane and the osteotomy line is emphasized. In operations in which Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla is combined with a sagittal osteotomy of the mandible the maxilla undergoes minute displacements in the weeks following surgery, which can easily be predicted and allowed for at the planning stage. The long-term stability of the maxilla is assured. PMID- 3479443 TI - Extraoral or intraoral approach in the oblique sliding osteotomy of the mandibular rami? Clinical experience and results. AB - The clinical results of oblique sliding (subcondylar) osteotomy of the mandibular rami performed by the extraoral or intraoral approach were compared. The patient material comprised 40 patients with mandibular prognathism. Twenty patients were operated upon using the extraoral approach and 20 patients were operated on using the intraoral approach. All patients had intermaxillary fixation for 7 weeks. The patients in both groups were followed up for 18 months. The experience of the operations was that the intraoral approach gave a shorter operation time than the extraoral approach. The extraoral approach, however, gave better visibility in the operation field and greater possibilities of manipulating the proximal fragment into an optimal position. In the follow-up evaluation, there were no significant differences between the two surgical techniques with regard to dental relapse, post-operative occlusion and mandibular function. PMID- 3479441 TI - Molecular analysis of a variant type of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy showing cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal tract signs. AB - A Japanese family with atypical type I familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) in Iiyama, Japan was studied. Most of the family members have dysfunctions in the central nervous system, in addition to typical symptoms of type I FAP. The transthyretin (TTR, also called prealbumin) gene of the atypical FAP(FAP-IY) was analyzed with recombinant DNA techniques and a RIA method. FAP-IY was found to have the mutation responsible for the methionine-for-valine substitution at position 30 of TTR, as in the case of typical type I FAP. However, analysis of DNA polymorphisms in the TTR locus showed that FAP-IY has a genetic background differing from that of the typical type I FAP. These observations lead to the consideration that a genetic factor(s) involved in the dysfunction of the central nervous system may locate in a chromosome region in close proximity to the TTR gene. PMID- 3479442 TI - Platelet glycoprotein IIb. Chromosomal localization and tissue expression. AB - The GPIIb-IIIa complex functions as a receptor for cytoadhesive proteins on the platelet surface. Both GPIIb and GPIIIa are synthesized by a human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell line. We isolated several cDNA clones by screening a HEL cell cDNA library with an oligonucleotide derived from amino acid sequence of GPIIb. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences were determined from 703 bp of one of these clones. Amino acid sequence of purified platelet GPIIb peptides confirmed the identity of the clone. The cDNA encodes the carboxyl terminus of the large (alpha) subunit of GPIIb and all of the smaller (beta) subunit of GPIIb. By hybridizing the cDNA directly to chromosomes separated by dual laser chromosome sorting, the gene for GPIIb was mapped to chromosome 17. Northern blot analysis showed a approximately 3.4-kb GPIIb mRNA in HEL cells. We also compared the amino acid sequences determined from eight additional platelet GPIIb peptides with the derived amino acids from a published HEL cell GPIIb cDNA, and the platelet and HEL cell proteins appear to be the same. Despite previous reports that vascular endothelial cells and monocytes contain GPIIb, no GPIIb mRNA was observed in either type of cell. Thus, GPIIb appears to be specific for the platelet megakaryocyte membrane and is distinct from the alpha subunits of the adhesion receptors in other normal tissues. PMID- 3479445 TI - Plate osteosynthesis of 367 mandibular fractures. The unrestricted indication for the intraoral approach. AB - Experience in the management of 916 fractures of the mandible stimulated us to develop new methods and surgical techniques for functionally-stable intraoral internal plate osteosynthesis. The development of a fixation bar which is adapted to the alveolar process of the fractured mandible enables a compression of this area prior to the plate osteosynthesis. This procedure facilitates the plate application from the intraoral approach so that in 358 cases all types of fractures of the body, angle and ascending ramus can be reduced using this access, and not only the selected favourable cases. A new plate and screws of our own design have been successfully used in cases with comminuted multifragmentary and defect fractures. The rigid fixation of the head of the screws to the plate produces an optimal functional stability compared with conventional systems. The combination of the advantages of an external fixation device and those of stable internal osteosynthesis produces a long term functional stability even in cases with extensive defects where delayed consolidation is to be expected; tilting and loosening of the screws or resorption of the compact bone underneath the plate do not occur. Thus the extraoral approach and visible skin incisions can be avoided. This procedure is time sparing and less traumatic to the soft tissues compared with the extraoral approach. The extremely low complication rate in 358 fractures managed by plate osteosynthesis using the intraoral approach confirms the efficiency of this method. PMID- 3479446 TI - Odontogenic infection leading to orbital cellulitis as a complication of fracture of the zygomatic bone. AB - We describe a 51-year-old man in whom chronic maxillary sinusitis developing from a deep periodontal pocket, at 26, gave rise to cellulitis of the left orbit. The immediate cause was a fracture of the left zygomatic bone with some displacement of the infraorbital margin and the orbital floor. Treatment consisted of drainage and antibiotic medication. The zygomatic bone fracture was not reduced. Eye movements returned to normal and visual acuity was not permanently affected. PMID- 3479447 TI - Lowering of the floor of the mouth: open or closed? AB - Trauner's (1952) open and Brown's (1953) closed method of lowering of the floor of the mouth are compared. Discomfort and other side effects were the same for both procedures, but Trauners method scores considerably better in the long term result. PMID- 3479448 TI - Significance of arthrography and computed tomography in the assessment of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Arthrography was performed on 56 joints of 47 patients presenting with symptoms of pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. The diagnosis could be confirmed in 53 joints. In addition, there was evidence of 13 perforations and 7 joints with adhesions. In 51 of the affected joints, computed tomography (CT) was also performed to compare both methods. The same CT procedure was performed on 12 joints of patients without any joint problem. Almost consistently (88%), an arthrographically anteriorly dislocated disc was detectable in the axial CT scans. 92% of the healthy joints showed normal soft tissue structures. For CT visualization of a displaced disc sagittal reformations or primary sagittal scans are not necessary. Confirmation of possible perforations or adhesions cannot be made by CT. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages, arthrography must still be regarded as superior to CT. In some cases, however, CT is a valuable tool in assessing an internal derangement. PMID- 3479449 TI - Facial nerve and parotid surgery. AB - A series of 100 surgical procedures on the parotid gland affected by tumours is reported, with a detailed analysis of facial nerve function after parotid surgery. A low percentage of temporary lesions (28%) affecting only one branch of the facial nerve, all of which regressed in a short time, and only one case of a permanent lesion affecting the whole nerve, anatomically intact, however, was observed. The authors confirm the safety of parotidectomy, if correctly performed. PMID- 3479450 TI - Facial reconstruction with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap following total maxillectomy. AB - Following total maxillectomy for maxillary cancer, facial reconstruction was performed using a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap. Postreconstructive deformity was studied in 10 patients. In 5 patients, after simple total maxillectomy the inner raw surface of the facial skin and orbito was covered by the flap, and the other extended total maxillectomy patients where the orbital contents and facial skin were involved, reconstruction was by means of the folded flap. In the patients with simple total maxillectomy, cicatricial contracture of the facial skin and cicatricial ectropion of the lower eyelid were quite small, and in the patients with extended total maxillectomy, reconstructed facial skin did not give rise to cicatricial contracture. PMID- 3479451 TI - Skin incision parallel with skin cleavage lines for access to the fractured zygomatic arch. PMID- 3479452 TI - A quantitative study of eosinophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes in granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) PMID- 3479453 TI - Experimental gingivitis in relation to age in individuals not susceptible to periodontal destruction. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of age on the rate of development of gingival inflammation in individuals not susceptible to periodontal destruction. 7 younger (mean age 37 years) and 7 older (mean age 58 years) individuals were selected on the basis of the presence of at least 18 teeth, no evidence of extraction due to periodontal destruction, no loss of attachment, shallow pockets, gross amounts of plaque and a history of no interdental cleaning. All individuals were subjected to a carefully controlled oral hygiene program and experimental gingivitis was induced in 1 quadrant of the mouth during a period of 33 days. The amount of plaque, redness and swelling of the gingiva, and bleeding on probing were assessed before, during and after the experiment. At day 33, supra-gingival plaque samples were taken for bacteriological examination and gingival biopsies were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation. Results showed no differences between the 2 age groups with regard to the amount of plaque accumulation and the rate of development of gingival inflammation. Furthermore phase-contrast microscopy of plaque samples showed no differences between the 2 age groups. Neither histological nor immunohistochemical investigation showed any differences between the 2 age groups. All biopsies diffusely showed presence of IgG, whereas in most biopsies, IgA plasma cells and in one biopsy IgM plasma cells were found. Neither IgD, IgE nor complement deposits were found. It was concluded that age is of minor importance in the development of experimentally induced gingivitis in individuals not susceptible to periodontal destruction. PMID- 3479454 TI - Apical migration of oral epithelium in experimental dehiscence wounds. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the placement of free mucosal grafts would delay the apical migration of oral epithelium into surgically created dehiscence wounds. Dehiscence wounds, measuring 8 x 6 mm, were surgically created on the mandibular canines of 5 beagle dogs. The exposed root surface was then curetted and horizontal grooves were made, one at a point just below the gingival sulcus and the other at the apical border of the dehiscence. Experimental teeth received free alveolar mucosal grafts while the contralateral teeth served as controls. The grafts were placed with the epithelial side against the tooth surface to bridge the dehiscence at the level of the coronal notch and were sutured in place. The flaps were then repositioned (over the mucosal grafts) and sutured. Apical migration of the oral epithelium, after 10 days, was assessed histologically using the coronal and apical grooves as points of reference. The oral epithelium was detected in the coronal one half of the dehiscence, in both the control and experimental teeth. There were no significant differences observed between the two, suggesting that the placement of a mucosal graft, as described here, provides little benefit in delaying apical migration of oral epithelium. The fact that the epithelium failed to reach the apical half of the dehiscence may indicate that features of this wound model may help our understanding of epithelial cellular kinetics operative in periodontal wound healing. PMID- 3479455 TI - The effect on early plaque formation, gingivitis and salivary bacterial counts of mouthwashes containing hexetidine/zinc, aminefluoride/tin or chlorhexidine. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of mouthwashes containing hexetidine/zinc (HZA) or tin (ASF) in inhibiting plaque formation and gingivitis in humans. 24 dental students and assistants participated in the study (latin square design) with 7-day test periods. They rinsed twice daily for 1 min with one of the following formulations: HZA = 750 ppm hexetidine/750 ppm zinc acetate, ASF = 100 ppm aminefluorid/310 ppm stannous fluoride, CHX = 0.1% chlorhexidine and M = negative control. Plaque accumulation was determined planimetrically and gravimetrically. Gingivitis was evaluated with the papillary bleeding index. Total colony forming units and S. mutans counts were estimated from saliva samples. The results showed that HZA and CHX almost completely inhibited plaque accumulation and gingivitis. ASF was less effective than HZA and CHX but still reduced plaque significantly compared to the negative control. Furthermore, CHX reduced salivary S. mutans counts. PMID- 3479457 TI - Growth potential of peripheral ossifying fibroma. AB - The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), a benign gingival overgrowth, occurs mainly in the anterior portion of the maxilla in young adults. The size of the lesion is usually less than 1.5 cm. A unique case of POF in the posterior mandible of a 70-year-old female is presented. The lesion was 6 cm in the largest diameter. It is apparent that POF can become a sizeable tumor unless it is surgically excised in an early stage. PMID- 3479456 TI - Periodic subgingival antimicrobial irrigation of periodontal pockets (I). Clinical observations. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to study the clinical effect of professionally performed periodic subgingival irrigation per se and as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. 10 patients suffering from moderate-severe periodontal disease participated in the study. Following an initial 3-month period of supervised supragingival plaque control, a total of 102 periodontal sites with probing pocket depth greater than or equal to 6 mm and "bleeding on probing" were selected and subjected to a Baseline examination comprising assessments of oral hygiene and gingival conditions, probing depths and probing attachment levels. The pockets in the various jaw quadrants were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: (1) periodic subgingival irrigation with hydrogen peroxide, (2) periodic subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine, (3) periodic subgingival irrigation with saline and (4) no subgingival treatment. During the first part of the study (baseline-32 weeks), no mechanical debridement of the subgingival area was performed. The irrigation treatment was carried out by the operator 3 times per week during weeks 1 + 2 and 5 + 6 of the trial. In the 2nd part of the trial (32-52 weeks), the sites were subjected to scaling and root planing combined with professional irrigation during weeks 32-38. The previously non-irrigated control sites were not subjected to adjunctive irrigation when mechanically debrided. During the entire study, the patients were recalled for professional tooth cleaning once every 4 weeks. Re examinations were carried out at 4, 6, 32, 40 and 52 weeks. The results revealed that repeated professional irrigation of unscaled periodontal pockets with chlorhexidine or hydrogen peroxide resulted in a temporarily reduced frequency of bleeding sites, but not in any clinically significant changes in probing assessments. A similar improvement of bleeding scores was observed in the saline irrigated control group. Scaling and root planing, in combination with an optimal supragingival plaque control, resulted in a marked resolution of the clinical symptoms of periodontal disease. Adjunctive irrigation with chlorhexidine or hydrogen peroxide did not improve the healing result above and beyond that obtained after mechanical debridement alone or in combination with saline irrigation. Hence, the study failed to demonstrate that professionally performed periodic subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine or hydrogen peroxide, used alone or in combination with thorough mechanical debridement, has a significant therapeutic effect. PMID- 3479458 TI - Deregulation of hypothalamic dopamine and opioid activity and the pathophysiology of self-mutilatory behavior in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3479459 TI - Creatine phosphokinase levels and isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 3479460 TI - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis associated with induction chemotherapy. AB - We report three new cases of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis associated with induction chemotherapy which resolves two major points. First, because two of our patients had testicular carcinoma; this firmly establishes that NEH is not exclusively seen in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or Hodgkin's lymphoma as previously reported. Second, because two of our patients did not receive cytarabine which has previously been suspected of being the causative agent, it is apparent that this disorder may be produced by more than one chemotherapeutic agent or combination of agents. The histologic features with a discussion of the spectrum of changes which may be seen are presented. PMID- 3479461 TI - The effect of social class on the prevalence of caries, plaque, gingivitis and pocketing in 11-12-year-old children in South Wales. PMID- 3479462 TI - Detection of approximal radiolucencies in enamel: a preliminary comparison between experienced clinicians and an image analysis method. PMID- 3479463 TI - The use of the periodontal ligament injection in children. PMID- 3479464 TI - Use and acceptability of rubber gloves for outpatient dental treatment. PMID- 3479465 TI - Report of two dental health programmes for adolescents in the Lothian region of Scotland. PMID- 3479466 TI - The effect of a cement lining upon the temperature rise during the curing of composite by visible light. PMID- 3479467 TI - The influence of vanadate on calcium uptake in maturing enamel of the rat incisor. AB - The influence of vanadate, a potent inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase, on 45Ca uptake in maturing enamel of the rat incisor was investigated by a vascular perfusion method combined with 45Ca autoradiography. The morphological integrity of the maturation-stage enamel organ was well-retained during vascular perfusion under all the experimental conditions. Distinct patterns of 45Ca labeling, comparable with those found in previous in vivo 45Ca autoradiographic studies, appeared in the maturing enamel after vascular perfusion with a standard perfusate. One mmol/L vanadate added to the standard perfusate caused a drastic decrease in 45Ca uptake in the maturing enamel, corresponding to the ruffle-ended ameloblasts, leaving narrow peaks of moderate intensity corresponding to the bands of the overlying smooth-ended ameloblasts. The in vitro labeling of exposed enamel surfaces with 45Ca revealed blackening of autoradiographic emulsion in wide bands separated by unlabeled or slightly labeled narrow ones resembling the distribution of smooth-ended ameloblasts in both control and vanadate-treated incisors. Our observations indicate that the ruffle-ended ameloblasts of the rat incisor serve as an efficient diffusion barrier to calcium ions and regulate transcellular calcium transport to the maturing enamel, at least in part, by a vanadate-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 3479468 TI - Collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament of the mouse molar during the initial phase of hypofunction. AB - This study was undertaken in order to determine whether hypofunction of teeth is associated with changes in collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament. In mice, the lower right molars were extracted and the animals killed one, two, three, four, or seven days later. The maxillary first molars with their surrounding periodontium were processed for electron microscopy and their periodontal ligament subjected to morphometric analysis. It was observed that, whereas the volume density of extracellular collagen in the ligament of the hypofunctional molars decreased from 50% to 30% during the course of the experiment, the fraction of fibrillar collagen ingested by the cells increased over two-fold. This increase was already manifest very shortly after the onset of the experiment and offers an explanation for the net loss of collagen fibrils from the extracellular space. PMID- 3479470 TI - Experimental observation of silver and gold penetration into dental ceramic by means of a radiotracer technique. AB - A radiotracer technique was used to study silver and gold diffusion into dental porcelain under experimental conditions close to the real conditions in prosthetic laboratories for porcelain bakes. It was clearly shown that these non oxidizable elements were able to diffuse into the ceramic as well as oxidizable ones. The penetration depth varied widely according to the element. The ratio DAg/DAu was about 10(3) around 850 degrees C. In contrast to gold, the silver diffusion rate was high enough to allow silver, from the metallic alloy, to be present at the external ceramic surface after diffusion into the ceramic. Hence, the greening of dental porcelains baked on silver-rich alloys could be explained mainly by a solid-state diffusion mechanism. PMID- 3479471 TI - Proteins in the enamel fluid of immature porcine teeth. AB - The fluid was separated from the immature soft enamel of porcine permanent teeth in the secretory stage according to procedures reported previously (Aoba and Moreno, 1987). The protein content of the fluid was about 2.8% w/v; its amino acid composition was characterized by high contents of Pro, Glx, Leu, and His, showing composition similar to that of the 20 kilo-dalton (kd) amelogenin or its C-terminal segments. The two major protein species in the fluid had apparent molecular weights of 13 kd and 11 kd, as determined by SDS electrophoresis; the N terminal residue of the former was Leu, while that of the latter was Ala. The C terminal sequence of both of them was -Met-Phe-Ser. By comparison with the published sequence of 20-kd porcine amelogenin, it is concluded that the main fluid constituents were derived by cleavages of N-terminal segments from the 20 kd amelogenin. PMID- 3479472 TI - Fluoride in saliva and plaque following use of fluoride-containing mouthwashes. AB - The sensitivity of methodology for measuring the concentration of fluorine species in saliva and in plaque has been tested. Human subjects mouth-rinsed daily with aqueous solutions of NaF and Na2FPO3. Samples of unstimulated whole saliva and of plaque were collected twice weekly at least 18 hr after treatment application. Oral fluoride concentrations rose from placebo values for approximately two weeks before attaining equilibrium and returned to baseline when daily mouthrinsing was stopped. Mean elevated oral fluoride concentrations increased significantly with increasing applied NaF concentration in the range 0 1000 ppm F (0-0.053 mol/L). There appeared to be a linear relationship between saliva and plaque fluoride. The ability of fluoride treatments to sustain elevated oral fluoride levels between daily applications may be of major importance in caries control. PMID- 3479469 TI - Stiffness increase during the setting of dental composite resins. AB - Changes in the dynamic Young's modulus under flexure of self-cured and light cured composite resins during setting were demonstrated to reflect accurately the condition of the curing composite resins. The rate of stiffness increase during setting varied considerably with the product, and the light-cured composite resins generally showed a faster rate of increase of stiffness. In the initial stage, the Young's moduli were very low, especially for the self-cured composite resins. This accounts for the damage (adhesion disruption and cross-linking interruption) that can be inflicted on a freshly placed composite resin filling that is not yet mechanically stabilized. Therefore, such fillings are vulnerable to aggressive distortion for at least 10 to 15 minutes after placement. PMID- 3479473 TI - The ultrastructure of human dental enamel heat-treated in the temperature range 200 degrees C to 600 degrees C. AB - Heating enamel in the temperature range 200 degrees C to 600 degrees C resulted in poor crystal packing due to void formation, permanent change in the sign of its birefringence (from negative to positive) in some areas, and an altered crystal morphology. Transmission electron microscopy of enamel heated in the temperature range 200 degrees C to 400 degrees C revealed that the distinction between the positively birefringent regions and the negatively birefringent regions (which were present up to 350 degrees C and occasionally up to 400 degrees C) at the tooth's surface was due to the greater volume of intra- and inter-crystalline voids within the positively birefringent regions. There was a significant increase in void volume at 400 degrees C, and above this all of the enamel was positively birefringent and opaque. Large remineralized crystals of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) phase (whitlockite) were initially formed at 400 degrees C, and their size and number increased at 500 degrees C and above. Both the greater solubility of beta-TCP crystals and the increased surface area due to the presence of voids would increase the rate of demineralization of heat treated enamel. PMID- 3479474 TI - Failure stress criteria for composite resin. AB - In previous work (Peters and Poort, 1983), the stress distribution in axisymmetric models of restored teeth was analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA). To compare the tri-axial stress state at different sites, they calculated the Von Mises equivalent stress and used it as an indication for weak sites. However, the use of Von Mises' theory for material failure requires that the compressive and tensile strengths be equal, whereas for composite resin the compressive strength values are, on the average, eight times larger than the tensile strength values. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of a modified Von Mises and the Drucker-Prager criterion to describe mechanical failure of composite resin. In these criteria, the difference between compressive and tensile strength is accounted for. The stress criteria applied to an uni-axial tensile stress state are compared with those applied to a tri-axial tensile stress state. The uni-axial state is obtained in a Rectangular Bar (RB) specimen and the tri-axial state in a Single-edge Notched Bend (SENB) specimen with a chevron notch at midspan. Both types of specimens, made of light cured composite, were fractured in a three-point bend test. The size of the specimens was limited to 16 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm (span, 12 mm). Load-deflection curves were recorded and used for linear elastic FEA. The results showed that the Drucker-Prager criterion is a more suitable criterion for describing failure of composite resins due to multi-axial stress states than are the Von Mises criterion and the modified Von Mises criterion. PMID- 3479475 TI - Resorption of residual ridges (RRR) in rats. AB - The post-extraction resorption of residual ridges (RRR) is a major and largely unsolved health problem, probably of multifactorial etiology. In order for one to study the role of specific factors in the pathophysiology of RRR, the use of animal models is desirable. The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable animal model and a standardized assay system to measure RRR for future experiments. A new oblique cephalometric device was designed to take pairs of xeroradiographs on the right and left sides of the rat skull and mandible at a 45 degree angle to the horizontal plane. Preliminary studies confirmed the reproducibility of the technique. All molars were extracted with minimal trauma from the right maxilla and mandible in five male Sprague-Dawley rats (40 days old). Longitudinal cephalographic examinations were performed before and immediately after extraction and at two, four, eight, and 12 weeks after extraction. Alveolar bone resorption was measured on enlarged cephalographs (5.7 X) at a point mesial to the mandibular first molar. Sequential mean bone resorption was 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm (S.D.), 1.0 +/- 0.3, 1.3 +/- 0.3, and 1.5 +/- 0.4, respectively. Graphically, these findings produced bone loss curves similar to those observed in man. These results indicate that the rat model may be utilized in longitudinal studies of the resorption of the residual ridge. PMID- 3479477 TI - Importance of international standardization in dental products. PMID- 3479476 TI - Experimental masticatory muscle pain. AB - Ten female subjects with no history of temporomandibular disorders performed five exercises designed to induce masticatory muscle pain. Three of the exercises were replications of Christensen's tooth-clenching (1970) and tooth-grinding (1971) studies and Scott and Lundeen's mandibular protrusion (1980) study. The other two exercises were designed to induce specific unilateral masticatory muscle pain. The amount of muscle pain as well as the time of onset and the duration were assessed by a clinical palpation exam and a pain questionnaire. These five pain inducing methods did not consistently produce masticatory muscle pain in non-pain subjects. However, certain individuals appeared to be very susceptible to developing pain during or after most of the exercises. These susceptible individuals demonstrated a bilateral muscle pain pattern after the unilaterally stressful exercises. None of the five exercises produced a statistically significant amount of site-specific masticatory muscle pain as determined by either the palpation examination or the pain questionnaire, even when the exercise was intended to produce such specificity. The fact that some subjects did develop masticatory muscle pain is indicative that muscle exercise and fatigue may lead to TMD-like symptoms. PMID- 3479478 TI - Recent graduates' evaluation of their dental school education. AB - To assess recent dental graduates' perceptions about the adequacy of their education, a random sample of individuals who graduated between 1980 and 1982 was surveyed. The 362 respondents (56 percent response rate) indicated their perceived level of preparedness and the importance to practice of 75 topics in the dental school curriculum. The means for level of preparedness and importance to practice were plotted for each of the 75 topics. Those topics that new dentists believed to be underemphasized or overemphasized in the curriculum were identified. These findings have implications for planning curricular changes for dental education. PMID- 3479479 TI - The effect of eliminating administrative radiographs on patient exposure and accuracy of provisional treatment plans. AB - Published reports and recommendations suggest that radiographs are often ordered because of administrative policies during the screening and selection of patients for dental school clinics. This study examined the prescription of radiographs for two groups of patients: those who were radiographically examined according to an administrative policy and those whose radiographic needs were determined by a clinical examination. The provisional treatment needs assessment based on the screening examination was compared to the final treatment plan based on a complete diagnostic workup for both groups of patients to assess the effect of a change in school policy. Clinicians ordered half the number of panoramic radiographs as would have been ordered by administrative policy. There was no significant difference in the agreement between the provisional and final treatment plans under the two policies. These results suggest that dental schools can comply with federal recommendations against administrative radiographs without compromising patient selection. PMID- 3479481 TI - An adaptive faculty development program for improving teaching skills. PMID- 3479480 TI - Current status of Geriatric Dentistry Educational Activities in U.S. dental schools. AB - The current status of Geriatric Dentistry Educational Activities (GDEA) in U.S. dental schools is reported in this survey. Data were collected regarding faculty involvement in geriatric programs, didactic and clinical academic curricula, and other aspects of the ongoing activities in schools. Data were reported by 50 (88 percent) of the nation's 57 dental schools in continuing operation. Forty-two schools reported discrete GDEA at the time of the study. Seven of these schools had a formal division or department of geriatric dentistry. The survey indicated that educational qualification of GDEA coordinators had risen significantly in recent years. The mean number of didactic hours (29) of instruction in geriatric education available to students has also risen. Curriculum time and financial considerations were the primary obstacles to expansion of clinical geriatric activities. With the current economic constraints in dental education, present GDEA levels are unlikely to expand in the foreseeable future, unless governmental or private agencies recognize the importance of developing GDEA and increase their support. PMID- 3479482 TI - The effect of training on indirect vision skills. PMID- 3479483 TI - The use of videotapes in treatment plan presentation seminars. PMID- 3479484 TI - Adjusting for hard and easy graders. AB - The dental education literature demonstrates that rater training and the use of criterion-anchored evaluation systems have been only partially successful in reducing the use of private standards by raters. A method is described for statistically removing this source of bias. A study is reported where scores normalized using this technique were significantly better predictors of students' future performance than were raw scores. Assumptions, techniques, and practical considerations are also discussed. PMID- 3479486 TI - Practice defensively. PMID- 3479485 TI - Distinguishing the role of eating disturbance from depression in the sex role self-perceptions of anorexic and bulimic inpatients. PMID- 3479487 TI - AIDS and occlusal trauma. PMID- 3479488 TI - Questions on use of sanguinaria. PMID- 3479489 TI - Questionable care: what can be done about dental quackery? PMID- 3479490 TI - Clinical performance of sealed composite restorations placed over caries compared with sealed and unsealed amalgam restorations. AB - The 2-year clinical evaluations of paired occlusal restorations are presented. Each study participant received a sealed composite restoration placed over a carious lesion and either a traditional outline-form (unsealed) amalgam or an ultraconservative sealed amalgam restoration. Caries was removed before placement of both types of amalgam restorations. No important clinical differences developed among the three groups of restorations. PMID- 3479491 TI - Recurrent desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible: report of case. AB - A case of two recurrences of desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible after vigorous curettage is presented. The 7-year-old patient underwent a hemimandibulectomy to eradicate this benign, yet locally aggressive, intraosseous tumor. PMID- 3479492 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma on the dorsum of the tongue arising in a long-standing lesion of erosive lichen planus. AB - Considerable controversy exists regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus. Although a number of cases of malignant transformation have been reported, many have lacked adequate documentation. A histologically well documented case of squamous cell carcinoma on the dorsum of the tongue arising in a long-standing lesion of erosive lichen planus is presented. PMID- 3479493 TI - Mandibular pain as the initial and sole clinical manifestation of coronary insufficiency: report of case. AB - A case of anginal pain limited to the mandible with secondary radiation of the pain to the neck and clavicular regions is presented. Although the pain was initially diagnosed as odontogenic in origin, further historical workup suggested the suspicion of referred pain from coronary insufficiency. Immediate cardiac evaluation confirmed the nature of the pain as angina. Important aspects involved with differential diagnosis of referred anginal pain are also discussed. PMID- 3479495 TI - Radiopacity of light-cured posterior composite resins. AB - Radiographic images of teeth and restorations were used to evaluate the radiopacity of 11 light-cured posterior composite resins. The radiopacity of these composite resins provided enough variation on radiographs so that clinicians distinguished the images of the restoration from adjacent tooth structure. PMID- 3479496 TI - Removal of benign intraoral masses using the CO2 laser. AB - Benign soft tissue lesions of the mouth can be removed using the CO2 laser. This type of laser surgery is faster and offers less postoperative complication as compared with conventional surgery and electrosurgery. Presently, the CO2 laser can be used for intraoral biopsy of benign masses, gingivectomies, and frenectomies. PMID- 3479498 TI - Diabetes and oral health. PMID- 3479497 TI - Multiple oral petechiae and ecchymoses in a patient with osteoarthritis. AB - Ibuprofen is a frequently used medication, and possible drug reactions should be familiar to the clinician. Because oral manifestations of thrombocytopenia are often the initial finding and possibly represent the only clinical evidence of this disease, the dentist should be able to recognize the significance of these lesions and refer the patient for appropriate evaluation and therapy. PMID- 3479499 TI - Patterns of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus proteins in different subclasses of IgG. PMID- 3479494 TI - A study of the effectiveness of two types of toothbrushes for removal of oral accumulations. AB - This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Collis-Curve toothbrush which has curved bristles in comparison with a control usage of a straight bristle toothbrush in removing oral accumulations of plaque and debris and preventing gingivitis. PMID- 3479500 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) elicits the production of virus-specific antibodies in infected individuals. We investigated the ability of serum from HIV infected individuals to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in an in vitro 51Cr release assay system. Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors seronegative for HIV were used as cellular effectors against HIV infected and uninfected H9 target cells in the presence of serum from HIV infected or uninfected donors. Serum from HIV-infected, but not uninfected, donors significantly augmented cytolysis of virus-infected targets (P less than .005). There was no augmented killing of uninfected H9 cells with sera from either group. Studies using serum from mice that had been immunized with synthetic peptides from the HIV envelope region suggested that this response is directed, at least in part, at several determinants of the transmembrane portion of the HIV envelope glycoprotein. PMID- 3479502 TI - [Studies on the regulation of steroid biosynthesis in the rat ovary]. AB - The stimulatory effect of gonadotropins on steroid hormone production by the ovary is generally considered to be the result of an activation of the cholesterol side chain cleaving enzyme. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the enzymic action of 3 beta-HSD and 20 alpha-HSD could be directly stimulated by hCG and/or PRL. Female immature rats were used. The ovaries were stimulated by PMSG injection to allow uniform growth of the follicles. The effect of hCG was evaluated both in in vivo and in vitro studies. The 3 beta-HSD activity in the ovarian tissue homogenate or dispersed cells was estimated from the rate of conversion of 14C-pregnenolone to 14C-progesterone in an in vitro incubation experiment. The activity of 20 alpha-HSD was measured by the conversion rate of 14C-progesterone to 14C-20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, hCG apparently stimulated the 3 beta-HSD activity both in vivo and in vitro. Under certain experimental conditions, PRL enhanced the stimulatory effect of hCG on 3 beta-HSD. Both hCG and PRL stimulated the 20 alpha-HSD activity. Intrinsic steroids, such as estrogens, androgens, and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, a major progestin in rodents, in the synthesis of steroid hormones was its inhibitory effect upon 3 beta-HSD. PMID- 3479501 TI - Does successful interferon treatment of tumor patients require life-long treatment? AB - Case histories of 5 tumor patients treated with natural leukocyte interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) are presented. One patient with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis responded well to interferon treatment, but the disease recurred when therapy was withdrawn. Upon reinstitution of treatment, the patient once again responded well. Another patient with myelomatosis also responded well to interferon therapy and in this case, too, the tumor recurred when interferon treatment was withdrawn. Reinstitution of interferon therapy was, however, unsuccessful. One patient with generalized giant cell tumor of bone responded with regression after more than 5 years of interferon treatment. Another patient with pulmonary osteosarcoma metastases, having received irradiation and interferon combination therapy followed by sole interferon treatment, responded well with a lasting stationary radiogram after 6 years of interferon treatment. One patient with malignant glioma, showing signs of tumor growth during the first few months of interferon therapy, eventually responded, and became disease-free after 6 years. The latter 3 patients are continuously receiving interferon therapy although more than 5 years have elapsed since their interferon therapy was initiated. It is suggested that interferon therapy for malignant tumors be given for life (or to progression of disease) in responding patients. Such a concept entails biological implications for interferon therapy in general and for antitumor action of interferons in particular. Other possible clinical schedules should only be constructed within the framework of controlled clinical trials. PMID- 3479503 TI - Changes in plasma oxytocin, prostaglandin E1, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha during labor induced by prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha and spontaneous labor. AB - To observe the changes in endogenous oxytocics during spontaneous and induced labor, the plasma concentrations of oxytocin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 13,14 dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured during labor in 9 cases of spontaneous labor (group 1), 10 of PGE2-induced labor (group 2), and 7 of PGF2 alpha-induced labor (group 3). Unextracted samples were used for radioimmunoassay of oxytocin. PGE and PGF were extracted and separated for radioimmunoassays of PGE1 and PGFM. Although oxytocin levels in groups 1 and 3 did not change during labor or slightly increased toward delivery, those in group 2 decreased as labor progressed. The mean oxytocin in group 2 was significantly lower at the times of established labor (15.3 +/- 3.2 microU/ml, mean +/- SE) and crowing of the fetal head (10.8 +/- 2.0 microU/ml) than before labor (52.7 +/- 14.8 microU/ml). Plasma PGE1 levels in groups 1 and 3 were low and did not change during labor. Plasma PGFM levels in groups 1 and 2 gradually rose toward delivery. These results suggest that exogenous PGE2 suppresses oxytocin secretion during labor and stimulates endogenous PGF2 alpha production, that endogenous PGE1 may not play an important role in the progress of spontaneous and PGF2 alpha induced labor, and that endogenous PGF2 alpha may participate in the promotion of all kinds of labor. PMID- 3479505 TI - [Ultrastructural study of osteosarcoma]. AB - Twenty one cases of common type of osteosarcoma were investigated light and electron microscopically. Ultrastructurally, osteosarcoma could be classified into 4 types of cells, osteoblast-like, chondroblast-like, fibroblast-like and small round cell types. Another type of tumor cells, occasionally encountered in the tumor tissue, were myofibroblastic, osteoclastic and filopodial cells of subdivided groups. All of these were constituents of groups of tumor tissue, and were histopathologically manifested with osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic and small round cell types of each predominant cell groups, respectively. However, the main tumor cells essentially consisted of osteoblast like cell with prominent osteoid formation; hydroxyapatite with dense crystalline structure was characteristically deposited in the dense collagenous matrix. Osteoids also showed several structural varieties of matrix vesicles. These structural relationship to the osteoid were also discussed. PMID- 3479507 TI - [Central distribution of masticatory and lingual proprioceptive afferents relative to jaw and tongue movements--Part I. Masticatory proprioceptive afferents of the mouse]. PMID- 3479504 TI - Inhibitory effects of neuroendocrine hormones on human ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro. PMID- 3479506 TI - [Purification and characterization of bone cell proliferation factors from bovine bone matrix]. PMID- 3479508 TI - [Central distribution of masticatory and lingual proprioceptive afferents relative to jaw and tongue movements--Part II. Lingual proprioceptive afferents of Japanese monkey]. PMID- 3479509 TI - [Digital image processing of mandibular trabeculae on radiographs]. PMID- 3479511 TI - [Clinical studies on jaw and facial bone fractures]. PMID- 3479510 TI - [Experimental study on the influence of the plaque accumulation upon apatite implant]. PMID- 3479512 TI - Specific binding of acidic isoferritins to erythroleukemia K562 cells. AB - An investigation of ferritin binding by human erythroleukemia K562 cells was prompted by recent studies suggesting that acidic isoferritins may act as regulators of granulopoiesis and hemopoiesis. Purified human heart and liver ferritins were labeled with iodine 125 and incubated with K562 cells at 37 degrees C. Specific uptake was calculated from the reduction in labeled ferritin binding in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of unlabeled ferritin. Specific uptake of 125I-labeled heart ferritin increased progressively, reaching a maximum after 2 to 3 hours' incubation, although nonspecific binding was too high to derive an affinity constant. There was no specific binding with 125I-labeled liver ferritin, and K562 cells bound neither 125I-labeled human serum albumin nor free 125I. Uptake of heart ferritin was negligible at 4 degrees C and was sharply reduced in the presence of 10% human plasma or fetal calf serum. There was no apparent relationship between the number of days of subculture and the level of uptake of acidic isoferritins by whole cells. These studies demonstrate a selective binding mechanism for acidic isoferritins on erythroleukemia cells and imply that these isoferritins have additional functions besides the storage of iron. PMID- 3479513 TI - Inhibition of neutrophil shape change by an inhibitor of chemotaxis. AB - Human mononuclear cells exposed to staphylococcal peptidoglycan in serum-free culture rapidly produce an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis which we have previously described. We found that this inhibitor of chemotaxis has its most potent effect on the inhibition of neutrophil shape change from a spherical to a polarized configuration. In order to quantify this shape change inhibition, we developed an assay using flow cytometric techniques. Neutrophils exposed to a chemoattractant simultaneously change their shape and decrease their forward angle light scattering intensity (delta FLS) with a correlation coefficient of 0.886 (p less than 0.001). In 51 experiments, neutrophils pretreated with the inhibitor of chemotaxis decreased their FLS by only 6.8 +/- 1.3 channels, while neutrophils pretreated with medium or control culture supernatants decreased theirs by 26.4 +/- 1.9 and 20.5 +/- 3.0 channels respectively (p less than 0.001). The factor which causes inhibition of shape change was indistinguishable from the inhibitor of chemotaxis by physical properties and chromatography. We conclude that this inhibitor of chemotaxis may act by inhibiting a physiologic step at or before shape change. PMID- 3479514 TI - Regulation of granulocyte responses in the blood and peritoneal cavity of CBA and B10 mice during an acute inflammation. AB - The regulatory mechanisms that determine the course of an inflammation induced by an intraperitoneal injection of kaolin were investigated in Listeria-susceptible CBA and Listeria-resistant B10 mice. The magnitude of the granulocyte inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity was high in B10 mice (area under the curve; AUC0-48 h: 210.9 x 10(6) granulocytes/mouse x h) and lower in CBA mice AUC0-48 h: 136.8 x 10(6) granulocytes/mouse x h), whereas the reverse was seen for the granulocyte response in the peripheral blood (AUC0-48 h: 30.5 and 80.7 x 10(6) granulocytes/mouse x h, respectively). With respect to the presence of humoral factors that affect the number of granulocytes in the circulation, sera of both mouse strains sampled 24 h after the kaolin injection had granulocytosis inducing effect in CBA recipient mice and did not induce a response in the B10 recipient mice. This divergent sensitivity to serum factors inducing granulocytosis is consistent with the difference in the blood granulocyte response of B10 and CBA mice but does not explain the divergent inflammatory responses in the peritoneal cavity. Computer simulation showed that at least two factors must be taken into consideration to explain the differences in the inflammatory response, i.e., a factor regulating the release of granulocytes from the bone marrow and a factor governing the rate of granulocyte efflux from the site of inflammation. PMID- 3479515 TI - Collection of leukocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen within an implantable reservoir tube during tissue repair. AB - An implantable chamber consisting of a small reservoir and a perforated segment of silicone tubing has been developed for the collection of leukocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen to analyze inflammatory components and fibroplasia during tissue repair. Using aseptic techniques, these sterile chambers were placed into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats with cells obtained in daily aspirates for 14 d. Differential cell counts were made by using aliquots from the wound fluid. The aspirated cells represented the characteristic, sequential influx of neutrophils, inflammatory macrophages, lymphocytes, activated macrophages, and fibroblasts documented in other models of tissue repair. On d 14, the connective tissue within the lumen of the silicone tube was removed and analyzed for collagen synthesis by measuring 3H-proline incorporation into collagenase-sensitive protein. This new device for studying wound healing provides a convenient means to harvest cells, fluid, and tissue for cellular, humoral, and biochemical analyses of tissue repair. PMID- 3479516 TI - Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9) in sera and pancreatic juice in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 3479519 TI - Topics in the basic and clinical science of dementia. Proceedings of the fourth Zurich meeting of the International Study Group on the Pharmacology of Memory Disorders Associated with Aging. January 16-18, 1987. PMID- 3479518 TI - Effect of pinealectomy and a constant high level of circulating melatonin or of 5 methoxytryptamine on the vasopressinergic innervation in the brain of the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus, L). AB - In the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus,L.) pinealectomy as well as a constant high level of either circulating melatonin or 5-methoxytryptamine induced marked changes in the immunocytochemically demonstrable central vasopressinergic innervation. When compared to control animals, a drastic decrease of AVP immunoreaction was observed in the diagonal band of Broca, the lateral septum, the medial amygdala and the ventral hypothalamus. The results obtained suggest that part of the central vasopressinergic innervation is involved in pineal dependent seasonal functioning of the animal. PMID- 3479517 TI - Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from plasma during primary HIV infection. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been isolated from plasma in 6 of 7 patients showing clinical symptoms of a primary HIV infection. Parallel cultures from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) yielded virus in 5 patients. In one case, virus could only be isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid but not from peripheral blood. Detectable viremia was transient and preceded the appearance of HIV specific antibodies. After cessation of acute symptoms, the frequency of HIV isolations was similar to that of asymptomatic carriers (23 and 26%, respectively). The role of the immune response in terminating detectable viremia remains to be established. PMID- 3479520 TI - Subtypes of Parkinson's disease defined by intellectual impairment. AB - Sixty patients with Parkinson's disease were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests. Using regression data from a matched normal control sample, age- and education-residualized test scores were obtained for the patients. Three clusters of patients were identified: those with both verbal memory and visuospatial reasoning disorders (n = 24), those with memory impairment only (n = 17) and those with normal intellectual function (n = 12). Analysis of variance and planned comparisons (Newman-Keuls) were performed to detect group differences. No difference on 9 memory measures were found between the 2 memory-impaired groups. However, these groups differed significantly on all memory measures from the group with normal function. The 2 memory-impaired groups also differed significantly from each other on all 7 measures of visuospatial reasoning. The group with memory loss only was significantly younger than the group with both visuospatial and memory impairment and also demonstrated less bradykinesia. Otherwise, there were no group differences in the severity of motor signs, disease duration or duration of levodopa therapy. These findings support a different etiology for motor and intellectual deficits in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3479521 TI - Comparison of rates of progression in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. AB - In order to compare the progression of memory impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we administered the Memory and Information section of the Blessed Dementia Scale (BDS) at least twice to 33 patients with PD and 70 with AD. The BDS scores of AD patients deteriorated over time. In contrast, the scores of PD patients were essentially stationary. A substantial difference in rate of cognitive decline persisted upon comparing only those PD and AD patients who showed memory deficits of the same magnitude. The uniform failure to observe cognitive deterioration among PD patients suggests that any PD patients who deteriorate at a rate typical of AD may indeed have AD or a related dementing disorder in addition to the characteristic nigral-striatal degeneration of PD. PMID- 3479522 TI - Frequency potentiation of a central cholinergic circuit. AB - We have used the cholinergic projection from the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) to the olfactory bulb as a model for studying the neurophysiology of cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to cortical structures. Although single shocks to HDB have little effect upon function of the target structure, short periods of repetitive stimulation produce profound changes. These observations are discussed in terms of the known physiology of central cholinergic systems and the significance of cholinergic synaptic potentiation for Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3479523 TI - Cytoskeletal immunohistochemistry of Alzheimer's disease. AB - The first half of this paper is devoted to a review on the cytoskeletal immunocytochemistry of the various morphological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), i.e. neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), senile plaques (SP), granulovacuolar degeneration (GV) and Hirano bodies (HB). In the second half it is demonstrated that sera raised against the paired helical filaments (PHF) in NFT, and monoclonal antibodies to phosphorylated epitopes on neurofilament proteins, also stain structures within neuronal perikarya without PHFs in some diseases. These include Pick bodies and swollen cells in Pick's disease, neurons in old dogs without NFTs, and occasional neurons without NFT in AD. We conclude that PHF constituent proteins can be accumulated in neuronal perikarya of cases with these diseases without being actually assembled to PHFs. In AD and in the old dogs, such accumulations occurring without the formation of PHFs might represent a precursor state of the latter. PMID- 3479525 TI - Failure of long term high-dose lecithin to retard progression of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. AB - We conducted a six-month, randomized, double-blind trial of lecithin therapy in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that such therapy would retard the progression of the clinical and neuropsychological manifestations of this illness. Of the 73 referred patients, 37 met strict requirements for diagnosis and compliance. The 21 placebo and 16 lecithin-treated patients (mean age 63 years) had a comparable degree of severity of dementia (mean Clinical Dementia Rating 1.6). Lecithin therapy produced an increase in mean plasma choline levels from a baseline of 15.9 to 28.8 nmol/ml. Patients were evaluated by the physician using clinical assessments (CDR, Lawton ADL and other rating scales) and by the neuropsychologist who determined the outcome of therapy on a battery of tests (Mini Mental State Examination, Wepman Aphasia Screen, Verbal Fluency Test, Verbal Selective Reminding Test and Spatial Memory Test). Only 6 (37.5%) of the 16 lecithin-treated patients were considered by the neurologist to be clinically stable or improved as compared to 12 (57.1%) of the 21 patients given placebo (difference -19.6%, 95% confidence limits of -51% to 12%). The neuropsychologic scores showed no differences in the stability of the dementing process over time between the lecithin-treated (50.0%) and placebo (47.6%) groups. On the basis of these clinical and neuropsychological findings, it appears that lecithin alone has no important therapeutic effect in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3479526 TI - Phosphatidylserine in the treatment of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. The SMID Group. AB - Modifications in cellular membranes can be observed in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These mainly concern the degree of the membrane's viscosity, with consequent reduction of the activity of some protein structures, such as enzymes, receptors and membrane carriers. Moreover, dendritic spine loss, found in aging- and AD brain, is one of the most characteristic findings. The BC-PS, a phospholipid, purified from bovine brain, is found to be able to influence positively the above cited modifications. Moreover, BC-PS administration to old rats improves the performances in some memory tests. In humans, the effects of BC PS have been studied by some controlled trials in AD and related cognitive disorders. The most recent of these trials, conducted on an Italian population of AD patients is presented here, emphasizing in particular its methodological aspects. PMID- 3479527 TI - Clinical and neuropsychological study with oxiracetam versus placebo in patients with mild to moderate dementia. AB - 40 out-patients with a mild to moderate degree of dementia (11 less than or equal to MMSE less than 24) participated in a between-subjects (n = 20 + 20) double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial comparing the effects of oxiracetam 800 mg bid and placebo during 90 days of treatment. At the end of therapy, statistical analysis (ANOVA) detected significant differences between groups: after oxiracetam treatment, improvements were observed on Mini Mental State Examination, Auditory Continuous Performance Test, Block Tapping Test, Word Fluency and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. No side effects were observed. In conclusion, in the present population of patients with mild to moderate degree dementia, 1600 mg/day of oxiracetam was effective in enhancing both attentional activities and other, more complex, neuropsychological functions. PMID- 3479524 TI - Results of immunocytochemical, neurochemical, and behavioral studies in aluminum induced neurofilamentous degeneration. AB - We undertook a series of experiments designed to further characterize behavioral, neurochemical and immunocytochemical features of aluminum neurotoxicity in the rabbit. Aluminum-exposed rabbits developed learning and memory deficits which were strongly correlated with the degree of whole brain neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD), but not with motor, sensory or motivational factors. Immunocytochemical probes demonstrated that phosphorylated neurofilaments accumulate in neuronal perikarya containing NFD, and double-labelling techniques suggested that NFD affects primarily the projection-type neurons. Finally, the neurochemical profile of the aluminum-intoxicated rabbit showed both similarities and discrepancies to that of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PMID- 3479528 TI - A model hypocholinergic syndrome produced by a false choline analog, N aminodeanol. AB - N-aminodeanol is an analog of choline that serves as a less effective substrate in all of its known enzymatic and transport mechanisms. It was utilized to test the hypothesis that the selective vulnerability of cholinergic neurones in Alzheimer's disease is due to competition for the available choline between pathways for acetylcholine and phospholipid synthesis. Rats placed on a choline free diet containing an equivalent amount of N-aminodeanol develop a model hypocholinergic state comprising hyperreactivity, hyperalgesia, aggressive behavior and a deficit in learning and memory. These effects are associated with a progressive replacement of free and lipid-bound choline and acetylcholine with N-aminodeanol and its corresponding esters. Choline acetyltransferase is reduced in some brain regions, suggesting a loss of cholinergic neurones. We propose that this represents a potentially useful animal model of Alzheimer's disease which deserves further investigation. PMID- 3479529 TI - Neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede nonmemory cognitive impairments in early dementia of the Alzheimer type: longitudinal confirmation. AB - Patterns or regional cerebral metabolism and neuropsychological function were studied longitudinally in 10 mildly demented patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and compared to those of moderately demented patients and controls. As reported previously (Haxby et al., 1986), the mildly demented patients initially had significant neocortical metabolic abnormalities, namely parietal reductions and right-left asymmetries, but did not differ from controls on any test of neocortically-mediated visuospatial and language functions. Right left metabolic asymmetries correlated with neuropsychological discrepancies between visuospatial and language function in moderately demented but not mildly demented patients. We now report that longitudinal studies of these mildly demented patients showed significant decline of nonmemory cognitive function. Moreover, correlations of metabolic asymmetries with neuropsychological discrepancies between visuospatial and language functions became significant. These longitudinal results confirm our previous conclusion that neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede neocortically-mediated neuropsychological impairments in early DAT. PMID- 3479530 TI - Abstract reasoning in age-related neurological disease. AB - Subjects with a variety of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) were tested for abstract reasoning ability with two new tests that do not involve high-order language, memory, or visuospatial skills. All groups performed at the normal level except the patients with AD, who performed poorly on the test of logical reasoning ability, but relatively well on the test of the ability to recognize relationships between common objects. The results suggest that in AD, relational abilities may remain intact well into the disease, whereas generational abilities may be among the cognitive skills that are impaired early in the course of the disease. PMID- 3479532 TI - Three-way reciprocal chromosomal translocation in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient with hypereosinophilia syndrome. PMID- 3479531 TI - Autosomal recessive hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with mental retardation, optic atrophy and pyramidal signs. AB - A syndrome is described, consisting of severe neurogenic distal wasting, generalised muscle weakness, absent ankle reflexes, pyramidal signs, mental retardation, optic atrophy and retinal colloid bodies. A sural nerve biopsy from one case showed loss of nerve fibres suggesting the diagnosis of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Progression of the disorder was very slow, all patients still being able to walk more than 20 years after the onset. The persons affected with this syndrome were two brothers and their female cousin from a large Gujerati pedigree where consanguinity was high. Autosomal recessive inheritance is therefore suggested. PMID- 3479535 TI - Gallium-67 lung index computerization in interstitial pneumonitis. AB - To improve ease of use, precision, and reduce interobserver variability of the 67Ga lung index, we developed and tested a computer method that yields similar numeric values and uses previous indexing principles, except that the computer matrix unit is the fractional area assessed. Patients were referred for suspected interstitial lung disease. Fifty-three image studies were available for both manual and computer indexing. Linear regression analysis gave a correlation of 0.884. Decision matrix analysis of 58 different nonimmunosuppressed patients resulted in 93% sensitivity and 76% specificity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the ideal index cutoff was 50. Because there is tighter control over 67Ga uptake intensity and spatial distribution assessment, the computerized 67Ga index appears to perform better than the manual analysis. PMID- 3479533 TI - Hypofibrinogenemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3479536 TI - Gallium scanning in lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis of children with AIDS. AB - Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is a frequent pulmonary complication in the child with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We report the gallium scan findings in two children with AIDS and LIP. Gallium scintigraphy in both children demonstrated increased radionuclide concentration throughout the lungs, a pattern indistinguishable scintigraphically from that of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). This should alert nuclear medicine practitioners and referring physicians to another cause of diffusely increased gallium uptake in the lungs of patients with AIDS. PMID- 3479534 TI - The mechanism and overcoming of resistance in ACNU-resistant sublines of C6 and 9L rat glioma. AB - In order to study the mechanism of the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, especially ACNU [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosourea hydrochloride), two variant cell lines (C6/ACNU and 9L/ACNU) resistant to ACNU were selected in vivo from rat C6 and 9L glioma, respectively. Uptake and efflux of ACNU in these resistant cells were studied with Ethylene[14C]ACNU. The result indicated that the resistance exhibited by both sublines were due to both the reduced uptake of the drug and the increased efflux. The study of the effects of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, DNP (2,4 dinitrophenol), on the uptake and retention of ACNU suggested that there is an active outward transport mechanism for ACNU in both glioma sublines and that enhanced activity of this efflux mechanism renders cells highly resistant to the cytotoxic action of ACNU. In an attempt to clarify the more detailed biochemical mechanisms of this active efflux system, we surveyed various membrane-modifying agents which potentiate the sensitivity of these resistant cells to ACNU. Among a number of membrane-modifying agents, reserpine was found to retain ACNU in the resistant cells and to enhance the action of ACNU on these resistant cell lines. It may be concluded that drugs such as reserpine may overcome a mechanism of ACNU resistance. PMID- 3479537 TI - An introduction to workplace assessment. PMID- 3479538 TI - An introduction to ionizing radiation. PMID- 3479540 TI - Occupational hazards in the professional nurse workplace. PMID- 3479539 TI - Safety in handling chemotherapy. PMID- 3479541 TI - Overview of occupational safety and health hazards and right to know legislation. PMID- 3479542 TI - Implementing the Federal Hazard Communication Standard. PMID- 3479543 TI - A.B.C's periodontics: "Y" is for yeast infections. PMID- 3479544 TI - Update on dental erosion. Office and home treatment for hypersensitive teeth. PMID- 3479545 TI - Considerations in diagnosing caries. PMID- 3479546 TI - Glycogenosis type Ib and periodontitis. PMID- 3479547 TI - Hypnosis in the reduction of acute pain and distress in children with cancer. PMID- 3479548 TI - Postirradiation treatment outcomes for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: clarification of risks. PMID- 3479549 TI - Renal response to 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 in the rat. AB - 9 alpha, 11 beta-Prostaglandin F2 (9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2) is a novel PG formed from PGD2 by the action of 11-ketoreductase which has been shown to exist in the liver, lung and kidneys. 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 has been reported to possess platelet antiaggregatory, vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor properties. To define further the biological activity of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2, with respect to kidney function, studies were conducted in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats prepared for renal clearance measurements. Intravenous infusion of highly purified 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 (2.5 micrograms/min, n = 9) elevated urine flow (28 +/- 6 microliter/min, P less than .05), urinary sodium/potassium (0.96 +/- 0.31, P less than .05), hematocrit (0.5 +/- 0.3, volumes/100 ml, P less than .05) and urinary sodium excretion (2.3 +/- 1.0 microEq/min). Similar responses but of greater magnitude were obtained with PGF2 alpha (2.5 micrograms/min). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were unaffected. In contrast, PGD2 (2.5 micrograms/min) resulted in decreases in MAP and concomitant reductions in GFR, urine flow and sodium excretion. Abrupt and pronounced increases in urine flow and sodium excretion were observed on administration of 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 at 7.5 micrograms/min. 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 (2.5 micrograms/min) produced consistent increases in urine flow and the excretion of sodium and chloride in rats treated with meclofenamate, 2 mg/kg/hr i.v., indicating that these responses were not dependent on endogenous PG synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479550 TI - Enantiomers of thiorphan and acetorphan: correlation between enkephalinase inhibition, protection of endogenous enkephalins and behavioral effects. AB - The relationships between various properties of inhibitors of enkephalinase (membrane metalloendopeptidase, EC 3.4.24.11) i.e., enzyme inhibition, protection of endogenous enkephalins, antinociceptive activity and stimulation of locomotor activity was investigated by comparing the relative potencies of the two enantiomers of Thiorphan and acetorphan, its parenterally active prodrug. In vitro (R)- and (S)-Thiorphan were almost equipotent in inhibiting enkephalinase activity (Ki, 1.7 and 2.2 nM, respectively) or thermolysin activity (Ki, 13 and 6 microM, respectively) whereas the (R)-isomer was 44-fold less potent than the (S) isomer on ACE activity (Ki 4800 and 110 nM, respectively). When tested on slices of rat globus pallidus in the presence of bestatin, to block the aminopeptidase pathway of enkephalin degradation, both Thiorphan enantiomers ensured a complete protection of endogenous (Met5)enkephalin released by depolarization and a suppression of the increase in the extracellular levels of Tyr-Gly-Gly, a characteristic enkephalin metabolite. These two effects occurred at EC50 values of the two enantiomers (10 nM in both cases), consistent with the idea that they were due to enkephalinase inhibition. After i.v. administration of the acetorphan enantiomers to mice, the enkephalinase activity of a rapidly prepared striatal membrane fraction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner with similar "ex vivo" ED50 values (1.0 and 0.3 mg/kg for the (R)- and (S)-isomer, respectively). In contrast the ACE activity of the same preparation was reduced in a significant manner only by (S)-acetorphan (ED50 value of 11 mg/kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479552 TI - The retentive strength of slots with different width and depth versus pins. PMID- 3479551 TI - Use of a fiber-optic colorimeter for in vivo color measurements of 2830 anterior teeth. PMID- 3479553 TI - Effects of resin-compatible cavity varnishes on the polymerization of visible light-cured composites. AB - The effects of three proprietary resin-compatible cavity varnishes on the polymerization of two visible light-cured composites were investigated. A conventional varnish (Copalite) was included for the sake of comparison. The four cavity varnishes showed no significant difference in average hardness values of the light-cured composites when cured against completely set varnish. It was also found there was no statistical difference in the thickness of the uncured resin layer when the light-cured composites were cured against all four partially set cavity varnishes. The average thickness of the uncured resin layer in Silux was found to be significantly higher than that of Command Ultrafine. Based upon the hardness and thickness evaluations, the data of this study suggest that none of the four cavity varnishes (including Copalite) affected the hardness of the composites when allowed to set completely before the composite was applied. In contrast, all four tested cavity varnishes showed a softening of resin at the interface when the composites were cured against a partially set varnish. It is important therefore to permit the cavity varnish to dry completely before applying composite. PMID- 3479554 TI - Limitations of semiadjustable articulators. Part II: Straight line articulators with provision for immediate side shift. PMID- 3479555 TI - Tissue response to direct filling materials. PMID- 3479556 TI - Prosthetic treatment of malocclusion in patients with muscular dystrophy. AB - Patients with advanced Duchenne type muscular dystrophy present unique occlusal problems for the dentist. Prosthetic treatment can aid their function and nutrition during the late stages of illness. PMID- 3479557 TI - Radiation carrier for treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. AB - A technique for intracavitary radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinomas has been presented. This technique includes a direct impression technique of the nasopharynx and fabrication of a silicone carrier to house the radioactive source. PMID- 3479558 TI - Patient alignment device for cobalt-60 radiation therapy. AB - A technique has been described for fabrication of a radiation therapy stent that can help to stabilize the head when adjustable alignment devices are used to position a patient during radiation therapy. The technique can save time for the radiotherapist, enhance accuracy in treatment, increase patient comfort, and save the dentist time in stent fabrication. PMID- 3479559 TI - A simple technique for the distraction and mobilization of the temporomandibular joint condyle in nonreducing disk derangements. AB - The clothespin traction technique described in this article is simple, inexpensive, and offers high patient compliance when used by the patient outside the clinic. This procedure may be effective in recapturing nonreducible disks and regaining range of motion in hypomobile temporomandibular joints. PMID- 3479560 TI - The Gothic arch (needle point) tracing and condylar inclination. AB - The records of 11 patients referred for treatment of TMJ disorders were used to compare condylar inclination found by drawing a tangent and by using a mathematic technique. Needle point tracing angles were also measured for the same patients and were compared with the condylar inclination. It can be concluded that (1) the mathematic technique outlined records a more accurate condylar angulation, and (2) there is a great variation in condylar inclination values between patients and between left and right sides of the same patient, and (3) there is no direct relationship between condylar inclination and the needle point tracing angle. PMID- 3479561 TI - Technique for fabricating an oral radiation positioner. PMID- 3479563 TI - Equine reproduction IV. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Equine Reproduction. Calgary, August 1986. PMID- 3479562 TI - Hospital acquired native valve endocarditis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and treated with imipenem/cilastin. AB - A case of hospital acquired endocarditis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a severely burned patient is presented. Both aortic and mitral native valves were affected and the organism was resistant to most antimicrobial agents. PMID- 3479564 TI - Motility and ATP content of extended equine spermatozoa in different storage conditions. AB - The role of various environmental conditions on sperm motility and ATP content was investigated by incubating raw and washed spermatozoa collected with an open ended artificial vagina from 10 stallions in various biological and artificial media under different atmospheric conditions. Spermatozoa did not survive for more than 12 h when kept unextended in the original seminal fluid in any circumstances. The most favourable media tested for long-term sperm survival were Kenney's medium or Kenney's medium supplemented with 10 mM-theophylline and 10 mM Hepes, pH 7.2. Centrifugation and slow cooling to 5-7 degrees C improved the survival as did incubation in atmosphere containing 5% CO2 or in a closed plastic bag with no air-space. In the most favourable circumstances, spermatozoa could stay alive, in some instances, for up to 4-5 days. The pregnancy rates 16 days after oestrus in mares inseminated with extended and cooled spermatozoa stored for 24 h were 82% (n = 11) and 70% (n = 10) per first oestrous cycle for Kenney's medium and the supplemented Kenney's medium, respectively. PMID- 3479565 TI - Influence of chlorhexidine on seminal patterns in stallions. AB - Ejaculates were collected at 3-day intervals before, during and after a washing procedure with chlorhexidine (2%). Semen motility and pathology were determined before and after deep-freezing. Blood samples were taken before and within 1 h after washing procedures and then extracted in ether. This was followed by HPL chromatography. Chlorhexidine concentrations in blood and seminal plasma were distinctly higher in the treated stallions than in control groups. Concentrations in the control groups were below the detection limit of the column. Significant correlations between decreasing semen quality (% immotile cells, % morphological aberrations) and chlorhexidine treatment were found. A change of the present requirements for imports into North America should be considered to improve the semen quality of deep-frozen ejaculates. PMID- 3479566 TI - Proteins in stallion seminal plasma. AB - Motility and fertility of frozen-thawed semen differs greatly amongst stallions. Differences in seminal plasma might be one cause of this variation. For 8 ejaculates from each of 17 stallions, seminal plasma was saved at -20 degrees C and spermatozoa were cryopreserved. Based on post-thaw sperm motility, seminal plasma samples from 7 stallions (2 good, 3 variable, 2 poor sperm motility) were selected for measurement of electrolytes, protein content and analysis by sodium dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis (10% gel, Coomassie blue stain). Variation in seminal plasma was significant (P less than 0.05) amongst stallions for concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Cl, but not for P or protein. A total of 27 proteins, of 13,000 to 122,000 molecular weight, were detected in seminal plasma. There was a difference (P less than 0.05) amongst stallions in the proportion of ejaculates containing 13 of the 27 proteins. However, only for Proteins 23 and 26 was there a significant correlation between the relative amount of protein and sperm motility (0, 30 or 60 min after thawing; r = 0.42-0.50). These correlation coefficients, or those with concentration of K, were too low to be of predictive value. Therefore, although an effect of a minor protein can not be excluded, variation in the relative amounts of major proteins in seminal plasma probably is not a cause of differences in post-thaw motility of stallion spermatozoa. PMID- 3479567 TI - Practicalities of insemination of mares with deep-frozen semen. AB - From 341 stallions examined for sperm quality, 61% of warm-blooded stallions and 47% of cold-blooded stallions fulfilled the pre-existing criteria for their occasional use in insemination. From these stallions 51-71% of acceptable ejaculates were obtained. Altogether 959 mares were inseminated in an average of 1.36 oestrous cycles. For the insemination of one mare in one oestrous cycle on the average 2.2 insemination doses were used. These inseminations were carried out by 41 cattle insemination technicians trained in mare insemination. A pregnancy rate of 56% and a foaling rate of 48% were achieved. Differences were found between the fertility of individual stallions (29-62%), and the pregnancy rate of mares after insemination carried out by individual technicians (0-79%). PMID- 3479568 TI - Influence of season and frequency of ejaculation on production of stallion semen for freezing. AB - In an attempt to define optimal season and ejaculation frequency for frozen semen, semen was collected from 6 stallions (3 horses and 3 ponies) 3 times per week or every day, alternating every week, for 1 year. The semen was evaluated and frozen. All the samples were thawed at the end of the experiment. At collection, fresh semen evaluations showed that winter (as opposed to spring and summer) was associated with low sexual behaviour, small volumes of spermatozoa and gel, high sperm concentration and lower motility. The high ejaculation frequency yielded a decreased volume, concentration of spermatozoa in the ejaculate and slightly improved motility. The quality of thawed semen was analysed by video and microscope estimations for motility and by two staining methods for vitality. No variation was observed according to the ejaculation frequency; the best freezability was obtained in winter but the difference was small compared to between-stallion variability and optimization of frequency and season did not change a 'bad freezer' into a good one. PMID- 3479569 TI - Use of different nonglycolysable sugars to maintain stallion sperm viability when frozen or stored at 37 degrees C and 5 degrees C in a bovine serum albumin medium. AB - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) diluents containing lactose, raffinose or sucrose were not different (P greater than 0.05) in their ability to maintain stallion sperm viability, as determined by percentage motile spermatozoa (PMS) and their rate of forward movement (RFM), when stored at 37 or 5 degrees C for 24 h. These diluents did promote a higher (P greater than 0.05) PMS and RFM, when compared with BSA diluents containing arabinose or galactose. The BSA-arabinose and BSA-galactose diluents did not differ (P less than 0.05) in their ability to support sperm viability and were detrimental to spermatozoa. The fertility of freshly collected and diluted spermatozoa was not different (P greater than 0.05) when extended in BSA diluents containing lactose, raffinose or sucrose. There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) in PMS and RFM of frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa when the spermatozoa were frozen, thawed and incubated at 37 degrees C for 180 min in BSA diluents containing lactose, raffinose or sucrose. Spermatozoa from 6 of 8 stallions did not survive the freezing process. A one-cycle conception rate of 32% was obtained from frozen-thawed spermatozoa extended in BSA diluents containing lactose, raffinose or sucrose. This rate was 78% of the conception rate obtained when the same mares were inseminated with fresh semen in a subsequent study (41%). PMID- 3479571 TI - An update of chromosomal abnormalities in mares. AB - Chromosomal abnormality was detectable in 98 of 180 mares aged 3 years or over with gonadal dysgenesis. The most common abnormality was X monosomy (63,X). The second most common abnormality was a karyotype indistinguishable by G- or C banding from that of a male horse (64,XY). Two mares demonstrated structural abnormality of one X chromosome [64,X,del(Xp)] which has not previously been reported in horses. One of these foaled a filly with the same karyotype as her dam. Blood typing confirmed parentage of the foal. This is the only example in our experience of fertility in a mare with gonadal dysgenesis and chromosomal abnormality. Chromosomal abnormalities were also found in 4 yearling fillies investigated solely because of small size, poor conformation and lack of vigour. One was 63,X; one was 63,X/64,XX; one was 64X,del(Xp) and the 4th had an autosomal trisomy, tentatively 64,XX,i(?26), which demonstrated a second new abnormal karyotype of the horse. PMID- 3479570 TI - Fertility of stallion semen frozen in 0.5-ml straws. AB - Semen of 2 pony stallions was frozen by 2 methods in 0.5 ml PVC straws. The fertility of the frozen-thawed semen was evaluated by inseminating 60 mares during 69 oestrous cycles. An overall single cycle pregnancy rate of 55% was achieved. Freezing method, stallion, insemination during steroid-synchronized oestrus or insemination only every 2nd day during oestrus did not significantly influence pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates were significantly improved from a mean 44% to a mean 73% when the mean number of progressively motile spermatozoa per insemination was increased from 175 x 10(6) to 249 x 10(6). It is concluded that the simpler freezing technique will yield satisfactory pregnancy rates when semen with a post-thaw progressive motility of 30% is used for AI. Starting when ovulation is anticipated to occur within the next 48 h mares should be inseminated every 2nd day with at least 220 x 10(6) progressively motile spermatozoa per insemination until ovulation is confirmed. PMID- 3479572 TI - Fine structure of the follicular oocyte of the horse. AB - Oocytes recovered by follicular aspiration were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Of the 22 oocytes, 4 exhibited characteristics of degeneration, and the remaining 18 were in various stages of meiotic development. Of the non-degenerate oocytes, 14 were in the germinal vesicle stage, 2 had undergone nuclear membrane disintegration, 1 displayed chromosomes in late metaphase I-early anaphase I, and 1 oocyte was in the process of extrusion of the first polar body. Although some oocytes retained complete cumulus cell investments, oocytes were predominantly enclosed only by the corona radiata. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed that follicular oocytes of the horse are similar to those of other mammals. An abundance of vesicular agranular endoplasmic reticulum in horse oocytes was the most obvious difference. Variation in intracellular organization seemed to be primarily dependent upon stage of meiotic development. PMID- 3479573 TI - Influence of follicular status on twinning rate in mares. AB - Between 1982 and 1985, 1015 mares were evaluated using the following parameters: age, mare status (maiden, barren, lactating), Caslick index, Caslick operation, ovarian cycle, ovarian and follicular size, treatments (hCG and intrauterine infusions), number of ovulations after mating (184 mares), number of conceptuses present, dimensions of embryonic vesicles, and pregnancy status 45 days after mating. Mares were examined ultrasonographically between Days 12 and 25 to detect the presence of embryonic vesicles and measure the dimensions of each vesicle. The data were analysed by a stepwise logistic regression method. Mare and follicular status were significant (P less than 0.005) predictors of pregnancy outcome. Results from 2949 mare cycles (268 maiden; 1047 lactating; 618 barren) for twin conceptus rates were 15.3%, 8.8% and 14.0% respectively. Based on follicle status, twin-conceptus rates with a single palpable follicle greater than 25 mm in diameter were 11% in maiden, 11% in barren and 5.3% in lactating mares. In 23.7% of cycles (22.4%, 28.8% and 20.7%) 2 palpable follicles greater than 25 mm were recorded, resulting in twin conception rates of 30%, 23.3% and 22% in maiden, barren and lactating mares, respectively. Twin conceptus rate for all mares with a single follicle greater than 25 mm was 7.6% and with 2 follicles greater than 25 mm 23.6%. Mares with 2 large follicles (greater than 40 mm) at mating had a 38.2% (29/76) twin conception rate. Mares with known synchronous double ovulations had a 40% (22/55) twin conception rate. An analysis of co variance was used to calculate the daily embryonic growth rate between Days 10 and 16 of gestation for 11 Standardbred mares.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479574 TI - Measurement of free cortisol and the capacity and association constant of cortisol-binding proteins in plasma of foals and adult horses. AB - A direct method for measuring the capacity of the high-affinity binding protein, CBG, based on charcoal adsorption, was validated for use in the horse. Several unique aspects of cortisol binding in the horse were observed: (1) CBG content at birth was the lowest of any species studied, (2) CBG concentration increased with age whereas in other species it decreases, (3) the plasma of the new born foal has a binding protein, not reported for other species, which binds as much cortisol as does CBG. Its capacity and affinity are intermediate between albumin and CBG. It may be involved prenatally in increasing dam to fetus transfer of cortisol, and post-natally in buffering the effects of the huge stress-related peripartum release of cortisol. PMID- 3479575 TI - Evaluation of mare oocyte collection methods and stallion sperm penetration of zona-free hamster ova. AB - Comparisons were made between 2 methods of oocyte recovery from the ovarian follicles of slaughtered mares: 500 oocytes (3 per mare) were obtained by aspiration of follicular fluid from ovaries of 162 mares, and 120 oocytes (8 per mare) by isolation and rupture of follicles from ovaries of 14 mares. In the oocytes recovered after rupture of follicles, 89.2% were morphologically unchanged, in comparison to 29.3% obtained by aspiration of follicular fluid. Stallion spermatozoa capacitated in vitro were tested on zona-free hamster oocytes. The stallion spermatozoa were washed in TCM-199 and preincubated for 4-5 h at a concentration of 0.5-1.0 x 10(9)/ml. Of the 305 hamster oocytes fertilized by spermatozoa obtained from 8 stallions, 77.8% penetration was confirmed on the basis of the presence of enlarged heads of spermatozoa and male pronuclei with their corresponding tails. Spermatozoa from one of the stallions were tested 10 times, 8 months later. The percentage of penetrated oocytes averaged 52.8% (39.1 76.9%). In the control group of oocytes preincubated in the absence of spermatozoa, spontaneous activation and female pronuclei were found in 12 out of a total of 57. PMID- 3479576 TI - Extraspecific donkey-in-horse pregnancy as a model of early fetal death. AB - Transfer of donkey embryos to horse mares provides a useful model of early fetal death. Endometrial cups do not develop in this one type of extraspecific pregnancy and 80% of donkey fetuses are aborted between Days 80 and 100 of gestation in conjunction with abnormal implantation and an intense accumulation of leucocytes in the endometrium of the surrogate mare. Treatment of mares carrying donkey conceptuses with progestagen (allyl trenbolone) or purified horse chorionic gonadotrophin does not prevent abortion. However, passive immunization with serum from mares carrying intraspecific horse fetuses, or active immunization with donkey lymphocytes, causes a marked increase in fetal survival rate and the birth of live foals. Furthermore, both cytotoxic (rejection type) and immunoprotective maternal immune responses to the xenogeneic donkey fetus can be recalled in mares carrying repeated donkey-in-horse pregnancies. We suggest that the endometrial cup reaction in normal equine pregnancy provides a vital and temporally important antigenic stimulus which results in the mare mounting an immunoprotective response towards her allogeneic fetus in utero. PMID- 3479577 TI - Alternative solutions to hCG induction of ovulation in the mare. AB - Injection of hCG (2000-2500 i.u., i.v.) to mares when a follicle reaches 35 mm induces ovulation between 24 and 48 h. However, repeated injections induce antibodies against hCG. We report attempts to induce ovulation without this inconvenience. We called 'response' an ovulation between 24 and 48 h after treatment. The typical response to hCG was obtained in 73% (N = 145) of treated mares. After immunization against hCG, the response (0%, N = 10) was less than in nonimmunized controls (100%, N = 9). Simultaneous injection of dexamethasone and hCG resulted in induction of ovulation (71%, N = 14). However, simultaneous hCG + dexamethasone resulted in antibody formation similar to that induced by hCG alone, when injected repeatedly every 21 days. Neither GnRH (2 mg i.m.) nor partly purified pig LH (26 mg i.v. or s.c.) induced ovulation consistently (40%, N = 30 and 31%, N = 16). Crude horse gonadotrophin (60 mg i.v. or s.c.) induced ovulation (86%, N = 14). Fertility was not different from control (61%, N = 13 vs 40%, N = 10). Crude horse gonadotrophin also induced ovulation in mares previously immunized against hCG (78%, N = 9): 50 or 25 mg gave satisfactory response (86%, N = 29 and 57%, N = 40). We conclude that crude horse gonadotrophin is a good alternative to hCG for the induction of ovulation in mares. PMID- 3479578 TI - Induction of ovulation in cyclic mares by administration of a synthetic prostaglandin, fenprostalene, during oestrus. AB - Fenprostalene (250 micrograms) or saline was given at 60 h after the onset of oestrus in alternate oestrous periods to 8 mares for 4 cycles. Onset of oestrus and stage of cycle were determined by daily teasing, palpation and ultrasonography until time of treatment when follicular development was monitored at 12-h intervals to confirm ovulation. Serum progesterone concentrations were monitored daily. The interval from treatment to ovulation was significantly decreased (41.25 vs 73.50 h; P = 0.001) as was the duration of oestrus (5.63 vs 6.88 days; P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the duration of dioestrus (15.88 vs 15.75 days; P = 0.94). There were no significant differences between serum progesterone concentrations at onset of oestrus, at treatment or at examination before ovulation. Follicular size was not significantly different at onset of oestrus or before ovulation. There was no statistically significant difference in follicle size at the time of treatment when a possible horse effect was controlled for, although a significant difference (P less than 0.05) was seen when the horse effect was not taken into account. Clinically, 81% of treated mares had ovulated by 48 h after treatment compared to 31% of the control mares (chi 2; P less than 0.025). The results demonstrate that fenprostalene can effectively hasten time of ovulation in cyclic mares. PMID- 3479579 TI - Patterns of oxytocin secretion during the oestrous cycle of the mare. AB - From a group of 11 cyclic mares, blood samples were collected at 3-min intervals for 2 h and at 15-min intervals for an additional 6 h during four stages of the oestrous cycle. Mean plasma oxytocin concentrations (pg/ml, LSM +/- se) were greater on Day 15 after ovulation (169.9 +/- 17.6) than on Day 0 (82.6 +/- 17.6; P less than 0.01), Day 3 (97.2 +/- 20.4, P less than 0.01) and Day 7 after ovulation (104.0 +/- 25.0, P less than 0.05). Oxytocin was secreted in a pulsatile manner throughout the oestrous cycle, with short (0-29 min), medium (30 89 min) and long (greater than 90 min) duration rhythms. No differences in pulse frequencies were observed throughout the oestrous cycle. Pulse amplitudes for rhythms of short and medium duration were greater on Day 7 after ovulation than on Day 0 (P less than 0.01 for short and P less than 0.05 for medium rhythms), Day 3 (P less than 0.01) and Day 15 after ovulation (P less than 0.05 for short rhythms). Fluctuations in baseline values for oxytocin over the 8-h sampling period were indicative of a possible circadian rhythm. These results are consistent with previous observations for the mare and other species that oxytocin is secreted in a pulsatile manner and may be involved in the regulation of the oestrous cycle by promoting luteolysis via the synthesis and release of uterine PGF-2 alpha. PMID- 3479580 TI - Assessment of fertility and semen evaluations of stallions. AB - (1) Various estimations of motility (subjective appreciation, count on video record, Doppler laser apparatus and optic-microcomputer analyser) or percentage of live spermatozoa (eosin-nigrosin staining) showed a higher repeatability for measurements of a same sample than for straws of a same ejaculate: the values were high (respectively greater than 0.78 and greater than 0.69) except for the optical analyser and staining. (2) Semen samples were collected from 80 stallions 5 times at 24-h intervals. The repeatability varied from 0.37 to 0.69 for gel free volume, concentration, total sperm number, % of motile spermatozoa in raw and extended semen at collection or after storage. Therefore, to assess a stallion, 2-7 ejaculates, according to the characteristic being measured, are needed to get a repeatability of 0.80 for the mean value. (3) A study on 79 stallions serving mares over 4-152 oestrous cycles per year showed that 17 seasons are necessary to measure fertility based on the pregnancy rate per oestrous cycle with the same accuracy. If they served more than 25 cycles every year, 6 seasons only were required. In both cases, it was less than for % of live foals per season. PMID- 3479581 TI - Oxytocin stimulation of plasma 15-keto-13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F-2 alpha during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare. AB - In Exp. 1, 4 mares were given oxytocin intravenously (10 i.u./500 kg body wt) daily between Days 9 and 14 (Day 0 = day of ovulation) when pregnant and on Days 9-14, 16, 18, 20 when non-pregnant (not inseminated). In the non-pregnant mares the increase in plasma PGFM response to oxytocin was greater at Day 13 (235 +/- 54 pg/ml) than at Day 11 (113 +/- 38 pg/ml; P less than 0.05) and was maximum at Day 16. However, these animals did not return to oestrus and plasma progesterone did not fall below 4 ng/ml. There was no significant increase in response to oxytocin between Days 9 and 14 in the pregnant animals. In Exp. 2, when these same mares were challenged with oxytocin on alternate day (Days 9, 11 and 13 for pregnant mares, Days 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 for non-pregnant mares) there was a significant difference in the response between non-pregnant and pregnant mares by Day 13 (383 +/- 19 pg/ml vs 88 +/- 9 pg/ml; P less than 0.005). Plasma progesterone concentrations declined normally and the mares returned to oestrus. During oestrus the response to oxytocin decreased dramatically in mares receiving oxytocin on alternate days, and no response was seen by Day 19. The response also declined after Day 16 in the non-pregnant mares that had daily injections of oxytocin even though plasma progesterone remained elevated. The decreased response coincided with the increase in plasma oestrogen concentrations, suggesting that oestrogens play a role in the control of the response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479583 TI - Reproductive patterns in cyclic and pregnant thyroidectomized mares. AB - Three Quarter-horse mares were thyroidectomized at about 1.5 years of age. Three similar intact mares served as controls. The study continued through two breeding seasons. The thyroidectomized mares were lethargic, rear limbs were oedematous and hair coats were coarse. They displayed a tranquil oestrous behaviour when exposed to a stallion and were only mildly antagonistic when not in oestrus. Length of oestrous cycles varied but most often they were 19-24 days long. Duration of oestrus (mean +/- s.e.m.) for the control and thyroidectomized mares was 12.9 +/- 2.9 and 11.7 +/- 2.2 days respectively (P greater than 0.05). The peak of LH during oestrus was as high as 60 ng/ml blood serum with no difference between the two groups. Peak progestagen on Day 7 after ovulation for controls was 9.0 +/- 1.6 ng/ml and was not different (P greater than 0.05) from the peak of 6.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml for thyroidectomized mares on Day 8. Pregnancy was achieved in both groups of mares, including the use of semen from a thyroidectomized stallion. Thyroxine was detectable in one pregnant thyroidectomized mare during the last two-thirds of pregnancy only. PMID- 3479582 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations in non-pregnant mares at different times of the year and in relation to events in the cycle. AB - Plasma prolactin concentrations were measured in mares using an homologous radioimmunoassay. An annual rhythm in plasma prolactin was found, with concentrations higher during the summer than during the winter. In addition to this seasonal pattern, occasional high concentrations of prolactin were seen when concentrations were otherwise basal. Blood samples taken from mares during an oestrous cycle in October-November showed that prolactin values were basal for most of the cycle, with a marked rise in prolactin shortly before the onset of oestrus. This prolactin peak was associated with an increase in the size of the largest follicle, and with a peak of PGFM in some mares, but did not appear to be related to the LH surge. In oestrous cycles in March and May-June, there was a wide variation in the baseline of prolactin secretion, in accordance with the seasonal pattern already mentioned. However, the peak of prolactin seen around oestrus in October-November was less obvious in March and May-June. Post-partum mares showed a high but irregular profile of prolactin concentrations with no clear-cut pattern in relation to the oestrous cycle. PMID- 3479584 TI - Clinical and endocrine aspects of the oestrous cycle in donkeys (Equus asinus). AB - Oestrous behaviour and occurrence of ovulation was studied in 13 jenny asses (3 18 years) during a 15-month period. Teasing was performed daily and follicular growth, ovulation and changes of the genitalia were checked every other day by rectal palpation during dioestrus or the anovulatory season or daily during oestrus and when a follicle greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter was present. Plasma oestrogens and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the 13 jennies, 6 showed a typical seasonal ovarian activity, 1 stopped cycling only at the end of the experiment, 2 ovulated regularly and 4 did not cycle. Mean (+/- s.d.) length of the anovulatory season in the 6 jennies with seasonal cyclic ovarian activity was 166.3 +/- 63.2 days (74-263 days). Irregular oestrous periods were detected during the anovulatory season of these jennies. Irregular signs of oestrus and follicular growth were detected in the 4 jennies which remained acyclic during the whole experiment. Mean (+/- s.d.) length of the ovulatory season was 197.8 +/- 63.4 days (102-291 days). Overall mean +/- s.d. lengths for the oestrous cycle and dioestrous and oestrous periods were 25.9 +/- 2.7 (n = 74), 18.2 +/- 2.3 (n = 70) and 7.9 +/- 2.5 (n = 79) days. Ovulatory oestrous periods tended to be longer at the start and end of the season than during the summer months. Dioestrous length was not affected by season.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479585 TI - Cervico-endometrial cytology and physiological aspects of the post-partum mare. AB - After parturition, Thoroughbred mares were mated at the first post-partum oestrus (N = 24) or at a subsequent oestrus (N = 12). All mares were examined daily for: oestrous detection, palpation per rectum of the genital tract, vaginoscopic examination and cervico-endometrial cytology. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out at Days 18, 35 and 45 after mating. An identical first service conception rate of 50% was found in both groups. The number of neutrophils followed a descending profile to only scattered cells at the first post-partum oestrus and in Group II mares remained at this very low level during the period of study. The percentage of histiocytes and eosinophils increased on Days 10 and 17, and 5 and 6 post partum, respectively. The percentage of lymphocytes remained low and constant during the period of study. Bacterial flora decreased from Days 2 to 9 and increased from Days 13 to 17 post partum. Cellular necrosis and erythrocytes decreased and ciliocytopholia increased as mares approached the first post-partum oestrus. A positive correlation was found between amount, colour, viscosity and turbidity of secretions and all cellular types, ciliocytopholia, cellular necrosis and bacterial flora. The number of neutrophils was positively correlated with the percentage of eosinophils, bacterial flora and cellular necrosis but had a negative association with the presence of ciliocytopholia. Two mares that did not re-establish cyclic ovarian activity after parturition had delayed uterine involution. Mares not conceiving at the first post-partum oestrus exhibited a more prolonged presence of cellular necrosis and erythrocytes and an increased presence of bacterial flora and lymphocytes as compared to mares conceiving at this period. PMID- 3479586 TI - Effects of susceptibility of mares to endometritis and stage of cycle on phagocytic activity of uterine-derived neutrophils. AB - Fourteen mares, 7 susceptible and 7 resistant to bacterial endometritis, were used to provide circulating and uterine-derived neutrophils. Uterine neutrophils were recruited by inoculating cell-free filtrates of Streptococcus zooepidemicus, or control vehicle. Mares were assigned to schedules for collection of neutrophils at oestrus or dioestrus. Phagocytic activity of circulating and uterine cells was evaluated by an assay for chemiluminescence after addition of opsonized streptococci. Chemiluminescence generated by circulating neutrophils was greater (P less than 0.05) for susceptible mares (28 +/- 4.9 V) than for resistant mares (13.4 +/- 2.8 V), but was unaffected by stage of cycle or by the interaction. Chemiluminescence by uterine-derived neutrophils from susceptible mares was greater (P less than 0.10) than for resistant mares. There was an interaction (P less than 0.05) with stage of oestrous cycle. Uterine cells from resistant mares in oestrus produced more chemiluminescence than did those from resistant mares in dioestrus (11.5 +/- 4.1 vs 7.1 +/- 2.1 V). The activity of uterine-derived cells of susceptible mares was unaffected by stage of cycle. Susceptibility to endometritis was not associated with a defect in the phagocytic function of uterine neutrophils. Also the function of uterine cells from resistant mares was greater during oestrus than dioestrus. PMID- 3479588 TI - Role of anaerobic bacteria in equine endometritis. AB - This study, performed over 3 breeding seasons, surveyed anaerobic and aerobic bacterial isolates from 362 clitoral and endometrial swabs and uterine washes from 263 Thoroughbred maiden, foaling, foal heat and barren mares, and from 113 urethral, urethral fossa, preputial and pre-ejaculatory fluid swabs from 29 Thoroughbred stallions. The significance of isolates was determined by their association with acute endometritis, as determined by concurrent endometrial smear results and by consideration of age and reproductive status before and after the survey. The results suggest that the horse uterus may harbour obligate anaerobes as surface commensals. These organisms normally inhabit the external genital surfaces of mares and stallions and are periodically introduced into the uterus at coitus or in association with genital pathology, e.g. pneumovagina or vagino/cervical injury. They may act as opportunist pathogens when there is epithelial damage, e.g. during the post-partum involutionary period. Synergism with aerobic bacteria may result in mixed infection and active endometritis. In the mare, the predominant uterine anaerobic species is Bacteroides fragilis. This species is predominantly penicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant, a feature which is pertinent when intrauterine antimicrobial therapy for endometritis is considered. Detailed anaerobic diagnoses are unavoidably time consuming and as mixed infections are common, nitrofurantoin or metronidazole should be included in antibiotic mixtures. Failure to do this may account for some cases of aerobe negative persistent endometritis. PMID- 3479587 TI - Comparison of progesterone and progesterone + oestrogen on total and specific uterine proteins in pony mares. AB - Eight ovariectomized pony mares were used to test the effect of various doses of progesterone (0, 50, 150, 450 mg/day, in oil, i.m., for 10 days) on progesterone and LH in the peripheral circulation, and on total protein and uteroferrin in uterine secretions. Progesterone increased uteroferrin, but there were no differences amongst doses of progesterone. Progesterone treatment decreased LH, and tended to increase total protein. Eighteen ovariectomized mares were given vehicle, oestradiol (10 mg/day, in oil, i.m.), progesterone or progesterone + oestradiol for 28 days. Both the last two steroid treatments significantly increased total protein and uteroferrin in the uterine secretions, compared to vehicle or oestradiol alone. Progesterone + oestradiol increased uteroferrin, but not total protein compared to progesterone. Nine ovariectomized progesterone primed mares were used to compare systemic and intraluminal administration of oestradiol. There were no differences between routes of administration of oestradiol. In conclusion, administration of progesterone increased total protein and uteroferrin in uterine secretions, and progesterone + oestradiol increased them further. PMID- 3479589 TI - Analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in horse embryos. AB - To define the time of X-chromosome inactivation in the horse, 122 conceptuses were collected transcervically between Days 6 and 28 (ovulation = Day 0) and subjected to cytogenetic analysis: 59 of the embryos were divided and in 41 of these separate cytogenetic analysis of the embryonic disc and remaining tissues was possible. Conceptuses were measured and photographed before capsule removal, culture in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and subsequent fixation for cytogenetic analysis. On average, 15 slides were prepared per conceptus. C banding was used to determine the sex of each conceptus and, in the females, the effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation were revealed by u.v. irradiation which produced R-bands and allowed identification of the inactive X-chromosome. Inactivation of the X chromosome began gradually in the trophoblastic (+/- attached endoderm and mesoderm) cells around Day 7.5 and in the embryonic disc around Day 11.5. Cells with an inactive X-chromosome predominated in the trophoblast by Day 10.5 and in the disc by Day 12.5. PMID- 3479590 TI - Steroid secretion by different cell types of the horse conceptus. AB - Horse conceptuses were recovered non-surgically at Day 12-Day 15 and were dissociated with collagenase. Separation of the cells on a 31.8% Percoll gradient gave two bands of cells and indirect evidence suggests that the low density cells (LDC) are endoderm and the higher density cells (HDC) are trophectoderm. Each band was incubated for 24 h in Minimum Essential Medium and concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone in the medium were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The LDC secreted predominately progesterone (log oestradiol/progesterone = -0.994 +/- 0.141; N = 15) whereas the HDC secreted mainly oestradiol (log oestradiol/progesterone = 0.522 +/- 0.135). When incubated for a further 24 h in fresh medium the oestradiol production decreased by 85% and 84% whereas the progesterone production decreased by 57% and 50% for LDC and HDC respectively. When cells from each band were incubated for 24 h with [3H]pregnenolone, separation of the radiolabelled metabolites by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed a different steroid profile for each cell type. Therefore, in the intact embryo, an interaction between cells may be important for oestrogen synthesis and thus the maintenance of pregnancy. PMID- 3479591 TI - Differentiation molecules of the equine trophoblast. AB - Monoclonal antibodies raised against horse placenta were tested using an indirect immunoperoxidase-labelling technique for reactivity with a panel of tissues from adult horses and conceptuses of various gestational ages. The pattern of reactivity of 4 of the antibodies (F67.1, F71.3, F71.7, F71.14) on trophoblastic tissues described unique antigenic phenotypes for the non-invasive trophoblast of the allantochorion, the invasive trophoblast of the chorionic girdle, and the mature endometrial cup cells, which are derived from the chorionic girdle. Two of the monoclonal antibodies (F67.1 and F71.3) reacted only with chorionic girdle and the endometrial cups. Antibody F71.7 labelled strongly the non-invasive allantochorion from Day 29 of gestation to term. However, F71.7 failed to label mature endometrial cups and stained chorionic girdle only weakly, suggesting that the ability of the girdle cells to synthesize the molecule identified by F71.7 was gradually lost after development of the girdle. Antibody F71.14 reacted with trophoblastic tissues from all stages of gestation tested, with the exception of chorionic girdle. The other 3 anti-trophoblast monoclonal antibodies (F71.1, F71.2 and F71.8) labelled trophoblast-derived tissues from all stages tested. When the monoclonal antibodies were tested on cultured fetal and placental cells from Day 33 conceptuses recovered non-surgically from pregnant mares, the reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies on cultured cells were mostly identical to their reactivities in situ on tissue samples of similar gestational age; F67.1 and F71.3 were strong, specific markers for chorionic girdle cells, and F71.7 labelled allantochorion weakly in vitro, but failed to label chorionic girdle cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479592 TI - Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on horse trophoblast. AB - Antibodies to fetal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are routinely detected in the serum of pregnant mares some 2-4 weeks after formation of the endometrial cups at Day 36-38 after ovulation. Several experimental approaches were taken to determine whether paternal MHC antigens are expressed on horse placental tissues. First, absorption of anti-paternal MHC antisera with a large volume of endometrial cup cells removed antibody activity in only 2 of 4 experiments. Second, repeated immunization of horses with endometrial cup tissue recovered from a mare on Day 47 of pregnancy failed to induce the formation of anti-MHC antibodies. Third, a potent anti-MHC antiserum, raised in a pregnant mare which had previously received skin grafts from the MHC homozygous mating stallion, labelled chorionic girdle, but not normal allantochorion, when tested in an indirect immunoperoxidase labelling assay on tissues bearing the MHC antigens of the stallion. These results indicate that the rapidly dividing cells of the chorionic girdle, the progenitor tissue of the equine endometrial cups, express high levels of paternal MHC antigen, and may serve as the alloantigenic stimulus for cytotoxic antibody production by pregnant mares. Conversely, the mature, CG-secreting endometrial cup cells have a much reduced expression of paternal MHC antigen. PMID- 3479593 TI - Fertility of pasture bred mares in synchronized oestrus. AB - Oestrus was synchronized in 220, 300 and 272 mares in 1983, 1984 and 1985 respectively. Mares were given two injections of 250 micrograms fenprostalene 15 days apart except in 1983 and 1984 when 56 and 53 of the synchronized mares were given 1-10 daily injections of 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg oestradiol-17 beta to delay and synchronize post-partum oestrus. At 2 days after the second PG injection or 7 days after the last progesterone + oestradiol treatment, mares were divided into groups of 15-21, and each group was placed in a separate pasture with a stallion for 7 weeks. Pregnancy rates were 87.7, 93.7 and 97.1%, and foaling rates were 72.3, 89.7 and 94.1% in 1983, 1984 and 1985 respectively. The number of abortions occurring mainly between 3 and 6 months of gestation varied from 34 (17.8%) in 1983 to 12 (4.3%) in 1984 and 8 (3.0%) in 1985. PMID- 3479595 TI - Ultrastructure of cryopreserved horse embryos. AB - Embryos were recovered non-surgically at about Day 6 after ovulation from 15 Quarter horse-type mares and were evaluated for morphological changes which may occur because of exposure to the cryoprotectant and/or cryopreservation. Electron microscopy was used to elucidate the fine structure of intracellular organelles which, if damaged, could cause cellular death. The horse embryo does not totally re-expand in the 10% glycerol freezing medium, nor will it completely re-expand in the isotonic holding medium following glycerol removal whether or not the embryo has been frozen. Embryos in this study were frozen by the same protocol which had resulted in a 30% pregnancy rate for similarly frozen embryos. Junctional complexes between trophoblast cells, as well as the plasma and nuclear membranes of trophoblast and inner cell mass (ICM) cells, were intact after treatment in all embryos. Changes in lipid droplets and some mitochondrial degeneration were observed in the ICM cells of the glycerol-treated embryos. The change in the lipid was not observed in the frozen-thawed embryos, but mitochondrial changes were evident in the trophoblast and ICM cells, with the most extensive mitochondrial damage in the ICM cells. PMID- 3479594 TI - Reproductive characteristics of spontaneous single and double ovulating mares and superovulated mares. AB - For embryos collected from mares 7 days after ovulation, embryo recovery for single-ovulating mares was 53% compared to 106% for double-ovulating mares. Pregnancy rates 50 days after surgical transfer were 68 and 129%, respectively. Concentrations of LH were similar during the periovulatory period for cycles which included single or double ovulations. Horse pituitary extract given for 5.5 days resulted in greater than or equal to 2 ovulations (mean 3.8) in 26 of 28 mares and 2.0 embryos were recovered per donor compared to 0.65 for controls. Non surgical pregnancy rates for embryos collected from superovulated mares 6 and 8 days after ovulation (18 of 46; 39%) were identical to those obtained for untreated controls (12 of 31; 39%). The overall pregnancy rate for superovulated donors, which provided 2-4 embryos, was 120%. Since the viability of multiple embryos collected from spontaneous and induced multiple-ovulating mares was equal to that of embryos from single-ovulating mares, collection and transfer of embryos from these mares will increase the efficiency of horse embryo transfer. PMID- 3479596 TI - PGF-2 alpha release, progesterone secretion and conceptus growth associated with successful and unsuccessful transcervical embryo transfer and reinsertion in the mare. AB - The outcome of 23 collections and reinsertions of conceptuses on Days 10.5-13.5, 4 transfers of Day-10.5, and 13 transfers of Day-6.5 embryos (ovulation = Day 0) was monitored in 30 mares. Blood samples were taken before and after each procedure to measure plasma 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM), and then daily for progesterone determinations. Mares were also subjected to daily teasing for detection of oestrus, and to uterine ultrasonography for tracing the development of the conceptus. After the reinsertions, 12/23 conceptuses were detectable immediately after the procedure. Of these, 1 developed into a normal foal but 11 disappeared during the next 4 days. All 4 Day 10.5 conceptuses transferred disappeared within 7 days. Of the 13 Day-6.5 conceptuses transferred, 8 were detectable by Day 11.5 and 5 of these developed into healthy foals. The 3 losses occurred between Days 14 and 25. Small increases in PGFM concentrations occurred in 8/23 collection-reinsertion procedures on Days 10.5-13.5 and after 2/25 Day-6.5 recoveries, but during none of the 13 Day-6.5 transfers. A marked reduction (greater than or equal to 40%) in progesterone concentration was noted within 24 h of the procedures in only one Day-10.5 embryo transfer and, in subsequent days, the disappearance of the conceptuses was associated with complete luteolysis in only 1 Day-6.5 transfer, 1 Day-10.5 transfer and 1 Day-12.5 reinsertion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479598 TI - Effect of altrenogest on pregnancy maintenance in unsynchronized equine embryo recipients. AB - Non-surgical embryo recovery attempts were done on Day 7 after ovulation. Embryo recovery rate from mares of varied reproductive histories was 57% (38/67). Non surgical transfer of these embryos into altrenogest-treated recipient mares that ovulated between 3 days before and 3 days after the donor resulted in a 30-day pregnancy rate of 77% (10/13). Transfer of embryos into altrenogest-treated recipients that ovulated between 4 days before and 6 days after the donor resulted in an overall pregnancy rate of 64% (16/25) at Day 30 of gestation. No recipients that were in oestrus at the start of treatment, nor recipients that ovulated 5 or more days before the donor, maintained pregnancy. Mean plasma progesterone concentrations of pregnant, altrenogest-treated, embryo-recipient mares; pregnant, altrenogest-treated, untransferred mares; and pregnant, untreated, untransferred mares were comparable (P greater than 0.05). Treatment of embryo-recipient mares with altrenogest appears to be beneficial in extending the degree of donor-recipient synchrony required for successful embryo transfer. Altrenogest treatment also seems to be conductive to pregnancy maintenance in recipients experiencing luteal dysfunction. PMID- 3479599 TI - Effect of timing of progesterone administration on pregnancy rate after embryo transfer in ovariectomized mares. AB - Ovariectomized recipient mares were divided into two groups. Group A mares received 300 mg progesterone in oil i.m. daily starting 5 days before transfer of a 7-day embryo. Group B mares received the same dose of progesterone, but starting at least 4 days before donor ovulation. Presence of an embryonic vesicle was determined by ultrasonography; mares were considered to be pregnant if they had normal vesicle development to Day 18. Pregnancy rates were: Group A, 6/8; Group B, 1/12 (P less than 0.01). An additional 4 mares in Group B had a vesicle visible at 14 days which degenerated or did not grow. These results indicate that, for establishment of pregnancy after embryo transfer, there is a need for synchrony of donor ovulation with onset of progesterone administration to ovariectomized recipient mares. PMID- 3479597 TI - Exogenous hormone regimens to utilize successfully mares in dioestrus (days 2-14 after ovulation) as embryo transfer recipients. AB - Two hormone regimens were utilized for recipient mares which were 2-14 days after ovulation at the time of non-surgical embryo transfer. In Exp. I, 20 embryos were transferred non-surgically into recipient mares which had been given 22 mg altrenogest daily starting the day of recipient ovulation. Higher (P less than 0.05) pregnancy rates (50% vs 0%) were obtained in mares which were 2-6 days after ovulation at the time of transfer compared with mares which were 7-12 days after ovulation. In Exp. II, on the day the donor mare ovulated (Day 0), 10 mg PGF-2 alpha were given to the recipient mare at 0 h, 20 mg oestradiol cypionate at 12, 24 and 36 h, 500 mg progesterone in oil at 48 h and then 22 mg altrenogest at 60, 72 and 96 h. Altrenogest (22 mg/day) was continued until Day 28 (fetal heart beat). The pregnancy rate (58% vs 10%) was higher (P less than 0.05) for the 12 recipient mares which were 10-14 days after ovulation than for the 10 mares that were 5-8 days after ovulation when treatment began. Early embryonic loss was detected in 4/8 pregnant recipient mares between Days 21 and 28 of gestation. We suggest that mares which are 2-14 days after ovulation and not in ovulation synchrony with the donor may be used as embryo transfer recipients; mares which are in early dioestrus can be given altrenogest while those in mid- to late dioestrus can be placed on the more complex hormone regimen. PMID- 3479600 TI - Early pregnancy loss in brood mares. AB - During 1985, linear-array ultrasonography was used to study early pregnancy loss in commercial brood mares: 600/1115 (54%) of the cycles resulted in detected pregnancy at Week 2 after ovulation and 80 (13%) of these pregnancies resulted in early pregnancy loss. The pregnancy loss rate was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for twin pregnancies (10/41) than for singleton pregnancies (70/559). The pregnancy loss rate was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) at 2-4 weeks (29/60) than at 6-8 weeks (12/60). The pregnancy rate was significantly less (P less than 0.05) for post-partum mares inseminated at the foal heat (157/302) than for those inseminated at a subsequent oestrus (203/334). Mares with a history of endometritis had a significantly higher (P less than 0.05) per cycle pregnancy loss rate (7/26) than did mares with a history of not having endometritis (64/498). When mares that had lost pregnancies were re-mated, 37/75 (49%) detectable pregnancies resulted and 7 (19%) of these pregnancies were again lost. The per cycle pregnancy rate was 56% (153/273), 55% (177/319), 60% (130/216), 51% (72/142), 45% (34/76) and 33% (12/36) for mares aged 2-5, 6-9, 10-13, 14-17, 18 21 and greater than 21 years, respectively. The corresponding per cycle pregnancy loss rates were 12%, 14%, 9%, 14%, 24% and 33%. PMID- 3479602 TI - Clinical and endocrine aspects of early fetal death in the mare. PMID- 3479603 TI - Endometrial histology of early pregnant and non-pregnant mares. PMID- 3479601 TI - Reproductive wastage in the mare and its relationship to progesterone in early pregnancy. PMID- 3479604 TI - Intrauterine inoculation of Candida parapsilosis to induce embryonic loss in pony mares. PMID- 3479605 TI - Consequence of excess iodine supply in a Thoroughbred stud in southern Brazil. AB - Excessive iodine supply of at least 700 mg inorganic iodine in foals and of more than 350 mg iodine in pregnant and lactating mares cause a high incidence of goitres in the newborn and disorders in the long leg bones of foals. Elevated phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase content in the blood may indicate a severe disturbance in the bone metabolism. Of 39 pregnant mares 17 aborted and some of the mares also showed goitres. After withdrawal of the iodine supply normalization took place. Foals born more than 6 weeks later showed normal conditions. The goitres in the mares and the high blood levels of iodine decreased. PMID- 3479606 TI - The effects of four levels of endophyte-infected fescue seed in the diet of pregnant pony mares. AB - Mean weight of 20 Quarter Horse placentas on a wet basis was 3.27 +/- 0.17 kg. These placentas contained mean dry fat-free tissue, DNA, RNA and collagen weights of 411 +/- 24 g, 11.2 +/- 0.6 g, 12.4 +/- 0.7 g and 210 +/- 15 g, respectively. In Ponies and Quarter Horses, there was a trend towards a decrease in these 4 values as gestation length increased. Analysis of placentas of Ponies fed different amounts of endophyte fungus-infected fescue seed showed that weight of dry fat-free tissue increased with increasing percentages of fescue seed in the diet. Diets containing fescue seed resulted in heavier placentas containing more dry fat-free tissue, DNA, RNA and collagen than placentas from mares fed the control diet containing no fescue seed. In mares fed 45% fescue seed, 3 of the 5 foals born suffered from abnormalities: 2 died and one was saved from suffocation in the placenta. No effects of toxic tall fescue were apparent in foals from mares fed the lower levels of fescue seed (15 or 30%). PMID- 3479607 TI - Effects of inhibiting 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on plasma progesterone and other steroids in the pregnant mare near term. AB - Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-HSD was administered intravenously to a pregnant mare between 292 and 330 days of gestation at doses of 1-3 mg/kg/min. Plasma progesterone concentrations fell rapidly during epostane infusion in both the artery and uterine vein and remained significantly depressed for 4-5 h after the start of infusion. The venous arterial (V-A) plasma concentration difference in progesterone across the uterus also decreased significantly in response to epostane infusion. There were no significant changes in plasma progesterone or in the V-A concentration difference in control animals infused with vehicle alone. The plasma concentration of total unconjugated oestrogens in the uterine vein was reduced after administration of epostane but remained virtually unchanged in the control experiments. Uterine venous plasma concentrations of PGFM did not change significantly in the control or epostane-treated animals. Arterial plasma cortisol levels fell initially after epostane treatment but then rose to values significantly greater than before infusion. A similar increase in arterial plasma cortisol was observed in the control animals. None of the mares delivered after epostane treatment even at the highest dose. These observations demonstrate that inhibition of 3 beta-HSD alters steroidogenesis but has little effect on the length of gestation in the pregnant mare. PMID- 3479608 TI - The pathogenesis of dystocia and fetal malformation in the horse. AB - From a total of 601 severe dystocias in mares, 408 (68%) of the fetuses were in anterior, 95 (16%) in posterior and 98 (16%) in transverse presentation, compared with 99%, 1% and 0.1% respectively for spontaneous parturitions. From the cases with anterior presentation, 151 (37%) showed reflected heads and necks. From the cases with posterior presentation, 47 (50%) presented hip flexions, 25% had hock flexions, and 25% had stretched hind legs, 45 (47%) of the fetuses were in lateral or ventral position, and 28 (30%) of the fetuses were malformed (mainly torticollis and head scoliosis). All 98 cases of transverse presentation were complete or partial bicornual gestations; 34 (35%) fetuses were malformed (mainly wryneck). The best adapted obstetrical method and the results obtained for dam and fetus by means of reposition, embryotomy and Caesarian section are considered. It is concluded that, in mares, posterior and transverse presentations are important causes of fetal malformation and of dystocia. PMID- 3479609 TI - Electromyographic properties of the myometrium correlated with the endocrinology of the pre-partum and post-partum periods and parturition in pony mares. AB - A complete set of electromyographic recordings, plasma samples and behavioural observations were collected from 2 mares beginning 7 days pre partum, through parturition and into the early post-partum period. During the week pre partum, EMG activity was elevated, occurring 26-73% of the time. Activity was least during the day and greatest at night with no significant difference for the hours of the day or between days pre partum. During the 24 h before delivery, EMG activity was increased for 7-13 h (55-80%) during the daylight hours. EMG activity decreased 2-4 h immediately preceding delivery of the foal, with an abrupt increase at rupture of the chorioallantois. At delivery, EMG activity consisted of events containing a series of 10-13 discrete bursts of increasing amplitude occurring in rapid succession. After fetal delivery there was a reduction in activity until placental delivery followed by very long (2-22 min) trains of potentials. PMID- 3479610 TI - Respiratory mechanics and breathing pattern in the neonatal foal. AB - Breathing pattern, respiratory muscle activation pattern, lung volumes and volume pressure characteristics of the respiratory system of normal, term, neonatal foals on Days 2 and 7 of age were determined to test the hypothesis that the foal actively maintains end-expiratory lung volume (EEV) greater than the relaxation volume of the respiratory system (Vrx) because of a highly compliant chest wall. Breathing pattern was measured in the awake, unsedated foal during quiet breathing in lateral and standing positions. The typical neonatal foal breathing pattern was characterized by a monophasic inspiratory and expiratory flow pattern. Both inspiration and expiration were active, with onset of Edi activity preceding onset of inspiratory flow, and phasic abdominal muscle activity detectable throughout most of expiration. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that the normal, term neonatal foal actively maintains EEV greater than Vrx. In the neonatal foal, normalized lung volume and lung compliance values were similar to those reported for neonates of other species, while normalized chest wall compliance was considerably lower. We conclude that the chest wall of the term neonatal foal is sufficiently rigid to prevent a low Vrx. This characteristic probably prevents the foal from having to use a breathing strategy which maintains an EEV greater than Vrx. PMID- 3479611 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in the newborn foal. AB - Two bronchoalveolar lavages, 24 h apart, were performed on 15 foals, ranging in age from 1 to 21 days. In the first lavage, a numerical deficiency in alveolar macrophages was demonstrated in foals up to 2 weeks of age when compared with older (2-3 years of age) horses. Alveolar macrophages obtained from the lungs of 2-3-day-old foals also demonstrated significant impaired chemotactic function. In the second lavage, although an increase of alveolar macrophages was noted, a dramatic increase of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) mobilization occurred in the foals, thus providing a phagocytic back-up for the alveolar macrophage host defence mechanism. In contrast, PMN response to lower respiratory tract perturbation in older horses was negligible. The results of this study suggest that the numerical and chemotactic deficiency found in alveolar macrophages of the neonate may play a role in the foal's susceptibility to respiratory disease. PMID- 3479612 TI - Relationship of age and season and consumption of Senecio vulgaris to LH/hCG receptors in the stallion testis. AB - Testes were obtained from 70 colts and stallions and were pooled according to age (4 months to 23 years) to determine the relationship of age to LH/hCG receptor kinetics. The receptor concentration (Rt) increased from 0.069 x 10(-11) M/mg crude membrane fraction (CMF) for the 4-14-month pools to 0.464 x 10(-11) M for the 2-3-year-old pools. A 10-fold increase in testicular size also occurred, and so the total number of receptors per testis was significantly increased. A further increase to 1.237 x 10(-11) M/mg CMF was observed for stallions older than 5 years. No differences in binding affinities (Ka) were observed for the various age groups: Ka values varied from 0.19 to 2.19 x 10(11) M-1. A seasonal effect was not (P less than 0.28) observed for Rt [0.74 x 10(-11) M vs 1.15 x 10( 11) M/mg CMF, winter (N = 5) vs summer (N = 4)] or for Ka (0.259 x 10(11) M-1 vs 0.393 x 10(11) M-1, winter vs summer). Immediately before death resulting from inadvertent long-term consumption of Senecio vulgaris, testes were removed from 5 stallions and pooled. An Rt of 0.046 x 10(-11) M/mg CMF was observed. Therefore, a decrease to 2.7% was observed when compared with values for normal stallions. The Ka, 0.036 x 10(11) M-1, was decreased to less than 10%. Stallions consuming sublethal amounts may have altered reproductive functions. PMID- 3479613 TI - Comparison of systemic and local respiratory tract cellular immunity in the neonatal foal. AB - Blood neutrophils from 10 Thoroughbred and 2 Pony foals were evaluated using in vitro cellular function tests of chemotaxis, chemiluminescence, phagocytosis and intracellular killing. A comparison of the functional capacities of these cells before and 2-4 days after the ingestion of colostrum indicated an improvement in blood neutrophil chemotaxis and chemiluminescence. Bronchopulmonary lavage was carried out on 9 Thoroughbred and 2 Pony 36-h-old foals. The technique used did not require sedation or anaesthesia. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages were the predominant cell type recovered. When comparisons were made between blood neutrophils and pulmonary alveolar macrophages in the same animal fewer pulmonary alveolar macrophages were phagocytic and there was little if any evidence of intracellular killing by pulmonary alveolar macrophages. PMID- 3479614 TI - Chemotactic and phagocytic function of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes in newborn foals. AB - Chemotactic and phagocytic responsiveness of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) from 11 foals were analysed immediately after birth (pre colostral) and at different times after colostrum ingestion. The number of foal PMNLs per microscopic field that had migrated through the filter in chemotaxis and the number of yeast particles ingested per foal PMNL in phagocytosis were significantly lower when tested with foal plasma before colostrum ingestion (chemotaxis, 2.0 +/- 0.55 (s.e.m.); phagocytosis, 0.98 +/- 0.352) than in tests 4 or more days after colostrum ingestion (chemotaxis, 17.6 +/- 3.88; phagocytosis, 3.87 +/- 0.410; P less than or equal to 0.005). A similar functional deficiency was found in foal PMNLs tested with pre-colostral foal plasma when compared to tests of the same cells with mare plasma (chemotaxis, 11.6 +/- 2.91; phagocytosis, 3.94 +/- 0.269; P less than or equal to 0.005). PMNLs from neonatal foals responded with normal functions to plasma from normal adult horses. Results of both assays suggest that pre-colostral foal PMNLs are functionally mature but the expression of their chemotactic and phagocytic functions depends on the humoral source of chemotactic and opsonic factors. PMID- 3479615 TI - Sympathoadrenal and other responses to hypoglycaemia in the young foal. AB - The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on plasma catecholamines, cortisol and metabolites have been examined in newborn and 7-14-day-old foals. The fall in plasma glucose elicited by the highest dose of insulin (1.0 i.u./kg) given to the neonates was slower in onset and less severe in effect than 0.5 i.u./kg in the older foals. There was a significant inverse correlation between the concentrations of glucose and adrenaline (but not noradrenaline) in plasma once the glucose level had fallen below 2 mmol/l; the adrenergic response to hypoglycaemia was greater in the 7-14-day-old foals than in the neonates. No significant changes in glucose or catecholamines were seen after fasting alone. The adrenocortical response to hypoglycaemia was poor after birth, but significant changes occurred in the older foals with a 3-fold increase in plasma cortisol at 60 min after 0.5 i.u. insulin/kg. There were significant increases in plasma FFA after hypoglycaemia in both groups of animals, but the rise was less pronounced in the neonates. A significant positive correlation was found between plasma adrenaline and FFA values. Hypoglycaemia also resulted in a significant rise in plasma lactate and a slow fall in alpha-amino nitrogen. These findings show that hypoglycaemia in the foal is followed by stimulation of the adrenal medullary component of the sympathetic system and by activation of the adrenal cortex with a number of consequent metabolic changes. The hypoglycaemic effects of insulin were more intense and the response more rapid in the older foals than in the neonates, which exhibited some degree of insulin resistance. PMID- 3479616 TI - Fatty acid composition of the plasma lipids of the maternal and newborn horse. AB - The fatty acid composition of the plasma free fatty acid, triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions was measured in blood and milk samples taken daily from 3 mares and their foals on Days 1-9 post partum inclusive, and from a total of 12 mares and foals on Days 22, 30 and 51. A rise in the plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and phospholipid similar to that well documented in other species occurred in the neonatal period. Alterations in the composition of the foal plasma phospholipid after birth lend support to the view that the placenta rather than the fetus could be responsible for the elongation and desaturation of the essential fatty acids to provide long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for the fetus. PMID- 3479617 TI - Systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics in normal neonatal foals. AB - Cardiopulmonary function was studied in 10 full-term healthy foals from birth to 14 days of age. Systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics were recorded in lateral recumbency via indwelling aortic and pulmonary artery catheters. Mean body weight increased from 45.4 +/- 2.4 kg on Day 1 to 70.6 +/- 6.1 kg on Day 14. All foals had a continuous murmur of patent ductus arteriosus for 3-6 days. From Day 1 (12 h old) to Day 14, heart rate increased (89 +/- 4 to 95 +/- 5/min), mean aortic pressure increased (87.7 +/- 1.9 to 100.3 +/- 3.2 mmHg), mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased (38.6 +/- 4.6 to 27.4 +/- 3.0 mmHg), mean right atrial pressure was unchanged (4.5 +/- 0.5 to 4.6 +/- 0.9 mmHg), mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was unchanged (7.6 +/- 0.9 mmHg to 8.1 +/- 0.7 mmHg), cardiac output increased (8.03 +/- 0.59 to 15.88 +/- 1.90 l/min), cardiac index increased (180.5 +/- 10.3 to 222.1 +/- 21.6 ml/kg/min), stroke volume increased (90.4 +/- 5.7 to 164.2 +/- 25.9 ml), stroke volume index was unchanged (2.04 +/- 0.10 to 2.30 +/- 0.35 ml/kg), pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (314 +/- 39 to 104 +/- 21 aru), systemic vascular resistance decreased (858 +/- 70 to 497 +/- 87 aru), and pulmonary/systemic resistance ratio decreased (38 +/- 6 to 21 +/- 5%). All changes were gradual, although pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased rapidly in the first 24 h. Catheters were well tolerated over several days, indicating their feasibility for studying cardiovascular function in full-term or premature equine neonates. PMID- 3479618 TI - Transitory changes of hormones in the plasma of parturient pony mares. AB - Frequent blood samples were collected from 8 pony mares before, during and after labour, parturition and placental expulsion and assayed for progesterone, oestradiol, androstenedione and LH concentrations by radioimmunoassay. A significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in progesterone, oestradiol and in the progesterone:oestradiol ratio was not detected until 0.5 h after foaling. Androstenedione concentrations rose before and peaked at parturition and then declined. A significant (P less than 0.05) rise in LH was detected 0.5 h after parturition. This LH peak was not detected in one mare and she was the only mare that did not ovulate within the first 20 days post partum. These results suggest that: (1) the foal may be an important factor in the production of progesterone and oestradiol by the feto-placental unit; (2) the pituitary is capable of releasing LH immediately after parturition; (3) the parturient rise in LH may be due to removal of negative feedback inhibition by progesterone and/or oestradiol; and (4) the parturient rise in LH at parturition, combined with already elevated concentrations of FSH, may be involved in the rapid growth of follicles post partum. PMID- 3479619 TI - Effects of month and age on prolactin concentrations in stallion serum. AB - Prolactin concentrations in stallion serum were measured by a newly developed radioimmunoassay based on anti-dog prolactin serum and radiolabelled horse prolactin. Samples of serum from a total of 444 stallions were obtained at a commercial abattoir monthly from April to the following March. Ages of stallions were estimated from eruption and wear patterns of incisors. In the analysis of variance, both month (P less than 0.01) and age (P less than 0.05) were significant sources of variation whereas there was no interaction between these factors. Monthly means for prolactin concentrations were greatest between May and August with peak concentrations occurring in July (7.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml). Lowest mean concentrations of prolactin (1.2 ng/ml) were observed during the winter months (December and January). Concentrations of prolactin were lowest in stallions less than or equal to 5 years old and were highest in stallions greater than 10 years old. It appears that prolactin secretion in the stallion is strongly influenced by season, as it is in the mare and in other seasonally breeding animals. Moreover, prolactin secretion in the stallion tends to increase as the stallion ages. PMID- 3479620 TI - Distribution of spermatozoa in the mare's oviduct. AB - The morphology of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) and caudal isthmus during the peri-ovulatory period, and the distribution of spermatozoa within the region, were studied in 10 Pony mares. The proximal tip of the uterine horn and caudal 1 2 cm of the isthmus were removed during oestrus or shortly after ovulation from animals mated or artificially inseminated within the previous 24 h. The tissues were incised longitudinally and fixed for scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of micrographs showed deep longitudinal and oedematous folds in the preovulatory samples. After ovulation, much of the folding and oedema disappeared. There was a regional arrangement of ciliated and nonciliated cells and the cilia showed evidence of directional orientation. Occasional spermatozoa were seen in some specimens deep in furrows between folds of the UTJ. PMID- 3479622 TI - Cooler heads (of state) prevail ... voila, French-American HIV test accord. PMID- 3479624 TI - [Susceptibility of clinical isolates to aztreonam]. AB - Aztreonam (AZT), which has a newly developed and synthetic structure belonging to the group of monobactams, possesses excellent antibacterial activity against a broad range of Gram-negative bacteria (including the beta-lactamase producing strains). Antibacterial activities of AZT were examined and compared with those of 5 antibiotics (cefoperazone (CPZ), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotaxime (CTX), cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefsulodin (CFS) against 296 strains of clinical isolates. The evaluation of antibacterial activities was determined with the inhibition zone diameter obtained by the single disc method. The results can be summarized by three categories as follows: 1. Susceptibility of clinical isolates to AZT and other antibiotics AZT and other 3rd-generation antibiotics (CPZ, LMOX, CTX) showed excellent antibacterial activities against most strains. Especially AZT was more active against Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens than reference drugs. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the activity of AZT was similar to that of CFS. AZT showed as excellent activity against P. aeruginosa as CFS. 2. Susceptibility of strains isolated from different clinical materials and different clinics AZT showed the highest antibacterial activity against the clinical isolates from sputum, pharynx, urine, pus, bile, puncture fluid, blood and others. AZT exhibited the most potent activity against isolates in the 7 clinics we tested. 3. Susceptibility of strains isolated from inpatients and outpatients AZT demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity (the rate of susceptibility: 87.0%) against strains obtained from inpatients (except for P. aeruginosa). The activity of AZT (81.4%) against P. aeruginosa was as active as that of CFS (81.4%), and it was the highest in all drugs. Antibacterial activity of these antibiotics against bacteria was rated as follows: AZT greater than LMOX greater than CPZ greater than CTX greater than CMZ AZT showed the highest antibacterial activity (100%) against strains isolated in all the materials and at all the clinics tested of outpatients. Antibacterial activity of these antibiotics against isolates from outpatients was rated as follows: AZT greater than CPZ greater than LMOX greater than CTX greater than CMZ. PMID- 3479625 TI - [DNA fingerprints: its importance in forensic medicine (1)--Application to paternity testing by minisatellite DNA probes]. PMID- 3479623 TI - [Free methyltetrazolethiol concentrations in men subjected to intravenous administration of cephems with methyltetrazolethiol]. AB - The disulfiram-like reaction due to cephems with methyltetrazolethiol (tetrazole) moiety was studied in biotransformation of these drugs. The serum tetrazole concentration was determined following intravenous administration of cefoperazone (CPZ) 1 g, latamoxef (LMOX) 1 g, or cefmetazole (CMZ) 2 g to patients suffering infections without liver dysfunction, and of CPZ 1 g to patients with liver cirrhosis. Tetrazole concentrations in normal patients were 0.5-2.0 micrograms/ml after 3 hours, and 0.14-0.26 micrograms/ml after 12 hours, and undetectable after 24 hours. On the other hand, the tetrazole concentration in cirrhotic patients was 0.143 +/- 0.07 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) even after 24 hours. Therefore, it is concluded that the disulfiram-like reaction due to cephems with tetrazole moiety closely related to the metabolism of these drugs in liver, and probably be caused by the inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in liver by the free tetrazole group produced by the metabolism of these drugs in liver. PMID- 3479621 TI - Production of infectious RNA transcripts from Sindbis virus cDNA clones: mapping of lethal mutations, rescue of a temperature-sensitive marker, and in vitro mutagenesis to generate defined mutants. AB - We constructed full-length cDNA clones of Sindbis virus that can be transcribed in vitro by SP6 RNA polymerase to produce infectious genome-length transcripts. Viruses produced from in vitro transcripts are identical to Sindbis virus and show strain-specific phenotypes reflecting the source of RNA used for cDNA synthesis. The cDNA clones were used to confirm the mapping of the causal mutation of ts2 to the capsid protein. A general strategy for mapping Sindbis virus mutations is described and was used to identify two lethal mutations in an original full-length construct which did not produce infectious transcripts. An XbaI linker was inserted in the cDNA clone near the transcriptional start of the subgenomic mRNA; the resulting virus retains the XbaI recognition sequence, thus providing formal evidence that viruses are derived from in vitro transcripts of cDNA clones. The potential applications of the cDNA clones are discussed. PMID- 3479627 TI - [Nutritional care of an immunodepressed patient]. PMID- 3479626 TI - [Early discovery and nursing of adverse effects associated with administration of massive dosages of MTX]. PMID- 3479628 TI - [Upholding the desire for recovery in an immunodepressed patient--nursing of a patient with immunodepression caused by antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 3479630 TI - [Nursing of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia--psychological approach to patients with insufficient knowledge of the illness]. PMID- 3479629 TI - [Assistance in psychological development of children in isolation for the prevention of infection]. PMID- 3479631 TI - Potentiation by ethanol consumption of tracheal squamous metaplasia caused by vitamin A deficiency in rats. AB - The effect of ethanol (CAS: 64-17-5) consumption on the development of squamous metaplasia of the trachea caused by vitamin A deficiency was assessed in rats. To that effect, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 8-12 weeks either a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing a standard amount of vitamin A or a diet lacking vitamin A. Littermates were pair-fed the same diets with ethanol (36% of total calories) isocalorically replacing part of the carbohydrates. In rats fed the vitamin A-deficient diets with or without ethanol, plasma vitamin A was very low (5.3 +/- 0.9 and 5.9 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl; n = 20 pairs), while liver and tracheal vitamin A was unmeasurable. Squamous metaplasia was noted in 9 of 20 rats fed the vitamin A-deficient diet and in 13 of 20 rats fed the same diet plus ethanol. Severe lesions (those showing keratinization) were present in 42% of the tracheal sections from rats fed the vitamin A-deficient diet plus ethanol compared to 6% of the sections from rats fed the diet without ethanol (P less than .001). In the ethanol-fed group, 37% of all the sections showed metaplasia occupying more than 50% of the tracheal epithelium, whereas in the absence of ethanol, 14% of the sections had lesions occupying more than 50% of the epithelium (P less than .001). When the histologic grade and extent of the lesions were expressed as the percentage of rats affected, the differences between the 2 groups of animals were not statistically significant. Ethanol feeding resulted in a 70% increase in the labeling index of basal cells in squamous metaplasia (30.7 +/- 3.5 vs. 17.3 +/- 1.5%; P less than .02). The number of [3H]thymidine-labeled suprabasal cells was not altered after ethanol feeding. In ciliated cells of the tracheal epithelium that were not as yet involved in the formation of metaplasia, ciliary abnormalities and an increased number of lysosomes were observed in rats that had consumed ethanol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3479632 TI - Antitumor activity of a Streptococcus pyogenes preparation (OK-432). I. Sequential effector mechanisms following a single OK-432 injection in F344 rats leading to the rejection of syngeneic MADB106 tumor cells. AB - The effector mechanisms evoked in tumor-bearing rats following a single injection of the avirulent Su strain of type 3, group A Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432) were sequentially examined. F344 rats challenged ip with a lethal dose of the syngeneic MADB106 mammary carcinoma could survive more than 100 days when given 50 mg OK-432/kg ip 1 day after tumor challenge. When the responsible effector mechanisms were examined in this therapeutic model, two distinct effector phases distinguished by the number of tumor cells were evident. Phase I, 1-6 days following OK-432 injection, resulted in a sharp decrease in tumor cell numbers and was related to the direct antitumor cytotoxicity of OK-432 and was coincident with an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. However, by day 6 a sharp increase in tumor cell numbers was again observed. Subsequently, a second phase of tumor cell destruction was observed 7-20 days following OK-432 injection and was reflected in a strong lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity response as well as the production of complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody against the MADB106 tumor cells. Further, the adoptive transfer of either peritoneal exudate cells or sera from the phase II animals revealed that both factors may be responsible for the antitumor activity observed in this therapeutic model. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the antitumor effects seen with OK 432 are due to a combination of sequential effector mechanisms leading to the eventual rejection of established tumor. PMID- 3479633 TI - Inhibitory effect of fumaric acid on hepatocarcinogenesis by thioacetamide in rats. AB - An inhibitory effect of fumaric acid (FA) on hepatocarcinogenesis was examined in rats fed thioacetamide (TAA). A group of male DONRYU rats were fed TAA at a level of 0.035% in the diet for 40 weeks and then fed a basal diet for 40 weeks. Hepatic carcinomas developed in 9 of 41 animals of this group fed TAA alone. The effect of FA on the carcinogenesis was examined in 2 groups fed both TAA and FA; one group of rats were fed FA at 1% in a basal diet after ingestion of TAA, and another group of rats were fed TAA plus a supplement of 1% FA in the diet. The inhibitory effect of FA on TAA carcinogenesis was so marked that no hepatic carcinomas were found in both groups fed FA in combination with TAA. PMID- 3479634 TI - Platelet enhancement of tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix: role of platelet cytoskeleton and platelet membrane. AB - Platelet involvement during tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix was examined in vitro. Platelets were subjected to thrombin stimulation and mechanical lysis and examined for their effects on tumor cell adhesion. These treatments altered the platelet ultrastructure and cytoskeletal integrity. Untreated washed rat platelets (WRP) exhibited extensive adhesion to and spreading on substrates and substantially enhanced tumor cell adhesion to the same substrates (i.e., 250% greater than tumor cells without platelets). Thrombin prestimulation of platelets limited platelet adhesion and spreading and platelet facilitation of tumor cell adhesion. Complete mechanical lysis disrupted both the platelet membrane and the cytoskeleton and eliminated the ability of platelets to adhere or to enhance tumor cell adhesion. Partially lysed platelets resembled membrane ghosts and facilitated tumor cell adhesion by a mechanism independent of spreading and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Fractionation studies indicated that platelet cytoskeletal components played a role in the adhesion process. Pretreatment of WRP with cytochalasin A or B dose dependently inhibited microfilament-mediated platelet spreading and platelet-enhanced tumor cell adhesion. Colchicine and vinblastine induced microtubule depolymerization, but they had no observable effect on platelet spreading or platelet-enhanced tumor cell adhesion. It was concluded that platelet-enhanced tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix depends on an intact platelet cytoskeleton and on a platelet membrane component(s) and is mediated by surface contact between platelets and tumor cells. Furthermore, platelet-mediated tumor cell adhesion to subendothelial matrix may involve two mechanisms: one dependent on, and one independent of, platelet spreading and cytoskeletal rearrangement. PMID- 3479635 TI - Effect of monoclonal antibodies anti-2H9, anti-IRac, and anti-HeFi-1 on the surface antigens of Reed-Sternberg cells. AB - The interaction of 3 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)--anti-HeFi-1, anti-2H9, and anti-IRac--with Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells was examined in vitro. MAb anti-2H9 induced specific modulation of the corresponding antigen (Ag) from the cell surface. Cell-bound anti-2H9 antibody (Ab)-Ag complexes rapidly disappeared during incubation of cells at 37 degrees C for 2-4 hours. This early loss was followed by reappearance of the Ag on the cell surface within 4-12 hours. In contrast, anti-HeFi-1 and anti-IRac bound avidly to the surface of RS cells and persisted for more than 3 days. During this period, there were no significant changes in the expression of HeFi-1 or IRac Ag on the surface of tumor cells. Cell surface-bound Abs were distributed uniformly, and there was no evidence of microaggregation, as determined by electron microscopy. None of the 3 MAbs was directly cytotoxic or exhibited complement-mediated cytotoxicity. On the basis of these findings (persistence of anti-HeFi-1 and anti-IRac on the cell surface), these 2 MAbs may be suitable for immunoimaging and immunotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3479636 TI - Experimental metastasis: a novel application of the variance-to-mean power function. AB - An empiric power function relationship between a population's mean density (m) and its corresponding variance (v), written v = a.mb (a, b, constants), may be applied to the analysis of experimentally induced pulmonary metastases within syngeneic (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice. The mean and variance of the numbers of resultant B16 F1 and B16 F10 melanoma metastases strongly correlated with the power function (r2 greater than 0.8). The exponent b was 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.6 +/- 0.2 for the F1 and F10 melanomas, respectively, indicating a clustering of metastases within certain mice. This clustering of metastases within more highly affected animals may reflect a diffusion-limited aggregation of tumor cells within the circulation and the resultant greater ability of these aggregates to form metastases. PMID- 3479637 TI - Virus-induced duodenal adenomas in guinea fowl. AB - Polypous growths of the duodenal mucosa were induced in guinea fowls after iv inoculation o virus strain Pts-56. The growths developed in about 60% of the experimental birds after a latent period of 4-6 months. The chronologic study of the alterations in the duodenal mucosa revealed consecutive occurrence of focal lymphoid cell infiltrations of the propria, restricted crypt hyperplasia, and enlargement of the villi followed by the formation of tubulovillous and tubulous adenomas. The virus-induced neoplasia of the guinea fowl duodenal mucosa morphologically closely resembled small intestinal adenomas in humans. Their formal genesis was similar to that of experimental intestinal tumors induced by chemical carcinogens. PMID- 3479638 TI - Enhancement of esophageal carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-amyl-N methylnitrosamine in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor-promoting phorbol diester, were determined with regard to the induction of esophageal cancer in Wistar rats following a low-dose initial administration of the esophageal carcinogen N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine [(AMN) CAS: 13256-07-0]. The induction of esophageal cancer was enhanced by TPA given in drinking water after AMN administration; i.e., the incidence of developing esophageal cancers and the multiplicity (number of esophageal cancers per rat) were significantly higher in groups given TPA solution orally after an oral administration of AMN than in those given the AMN solution alone. The enhancement of carcinogenesis with TPA was not affected by the interval between the administration of AMN and the administration of TPA. However, pretreatment with TPA before AMN administration did not enhance the induction of esophageal cancer. Neoplasms were not detected in groups given only TPA or tap water. Because this approach is similar to the phenomenon of two-stage carcinogenesis in the skin, it should provide a meaningful experimental model for studying two-stage carcinogenesis in the esophagus. PMID- 3479639 TI - Selenium and cabbage and colon carcinogenesis in mice. AB - The influence of dietary selenium and cabbage on the formation of colon tumors in female Swiss mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [(DMH) CAS: 540-73-8] was reported. Mice received a control diet (laboratory chow), the control diet plus selenium in the drinking water (1 mg/liter), or the control diet with added cabbage (12.8 g/100 g diet). They also received 8 weekly sc injections of DMH. The experiment was divided into two time periods: a) from 5 weeks before the first injection until 3 days after the last one (initiation period), and b) the subsequent 19.5 weeks until sacrifice of the mice (promotion period). Selenium had a strong protective effect when given during the initiation period; adenomas were reduced to a much greater extent than adenocarcinomas. The only effect of selenium supplementation in the promotion period was a small decrease in adenomas. Cabbage apparently had two opposing actions. It increased tumor incidence, particularly adenocarcinomas, if given in the initiation period, but it reduced adenoma formation considerably when given in the promotion period. PMID- 3479640 TI - Induction of tumors in ACI rats given a diet containing ptaquiloside, a bracken carcinogen. AB - Fifteen female ACI rats initially 5 weeks old were each given a diet containing 0.027-0.08% ptaquiloside [(PT) CAS: 87625-62-5], a carcinogen in bracken, throughout the 210-day experimental period. A control group of 20 female ACI rats was given basal diet without PT. Both ileal and urinary bladder tumors developed in all rats in the experimental group. The ileal tumors were multiple and mostly developed in the distal 10 cm of the ileum. These ileal tumors were identified histologically as epithelial tumors, such as adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and also as nonepithelial malignant tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytomas. The urinary bladder tumors were transitional cell carcinomas, keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, and sarcomas. Papillomas of the urinary bladder were found in 4 rats in the control group. These results show that, like bracken diet, PT induces tumors in both the ileum and urinary bladder. PMID- 3479641 TI - Carcinogenicity of bucetin in (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice. AB - The carcinogenicity of bucetin [(3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidide) CAS: 1083-57-4], an antipyretic analgesic drug, was examined in 300 (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice. Groups of 50 mice of each sex were treated with 1.5 or 0.75% bucetin in their basal diet for 76 weeks and then fed a basal diet for 8 weeks. Control groups were given a basal diet for 84 weeks. In 10 of 46 (22%) male mice given the high dose of bucetin and in 6 of 45 (13%) given the low dose, renal cell tumors were induced. Dysplastic lesions of the proximal tubules were frequently seen in the males given bucetin in a dose-related fashion. Neither tumorous nor preneoplastic lesions developed in the kidneys of bucetin-treated female mice and control animals. Papilloma of the urinary bladder in 1 male mouse and papillary or nodular hyperplasia in 9 mice of both sexes were observed in groups given the high dose of bucetin. PMID- 3479642 TI - Lung cancer mortality in workers exposed to sulfuric acid mist and other acid mists. AB - Mortality patterns were studied in 1,165 workers exposed to sulfuric acid mist and other acid mists (primarily hydrochloric acid mist) in steel-pickling operations. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis of the full "any acid exposure" cohort (n = 1,165), with the use of U.S. death rates as a standard, showed that lung cancer was significantly elevated, with a mortality ratio of 1.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-2.28, based on 35 observed deaths]. The lung cancer mortality ratio for workers exposed only to sulfuric acid (n = 722) was lower (SMR = 1.39), but further restriction to the time 20 years and more from first employment in a job with probable daily sulfuric acid exposure (approximately equal to 0.2 mg/m3) yielded a mortality ratio of 1.93 (95% CI = 1.10-3.13). An excess lung cancer risk was also seen in workers exposed to acids other than sulfuric acid (SMR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.02-2.46). When comparison was made to other steel workers (rather than to the U.S. general population) to control for socioeconomic and life-style factors such as smoking, the largest lung cancer excess was again seen in workers exposed to acids other than sulfuric acid (SMR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.06-3.78). Adjustment for potential differences in smoking habits showed that increased smoking was unlikely to have entirely explained the increased risk. Mortality from causes of death other than lung cancer was unremarkable, with the exception of significantly low rates for deaths due to digestive system diseases. PMID- 3479644 TI - Cytopathology of the esophagus in Transkei. AB - Esophageal brush biopsy capsules were used to prepare exfoliative cytologic smears of 1,000 residents of low-, intermediate-, and high-risk areas for esophageal cancer in Transkei, southern Africa. Satisfactory smears were obtained from 96.4% of the persons screened. The technique used was rapid, simple, inexpensive, safe, and effective in the determination of the prevalence of dysplasia and early carcinoma and the progression rate of dysplasia to carcinoma. In the high-risk area, precursor lesions (esophagitis and cellular atypia) were detected in 24% of adults older than 35 years, dysplastic changes in 9%, and carcinoma in 2%. Dysplastic changes were also present in 7% of young adults (25 34 yr of age) and in 1.5% of persons 15-24 years old. Precursor lesions were detected in 16% of the population group between 15 and 24 years old. Dysplastic changes and other precursor lesions were significantly less frequent in the population from the low-risk areas. A total of 14 malignant cases were detected in 8 females and 6 males. Of these, 9 were histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinomas in various stages of differentiation. The progression of dysplastic changes to carcinoma was observed in 5 of the total 14 cases. Three early cancers were successfully treated by esophagectomy. Seasonal variation occurred in the prevalence of mild cytologic changes. PMID- 3479643 TI - Benign and malignant breast disease: initial study results of serum and breast fluid analyses of endogenous estrogens. AB - Design, methods, and study population of a long-term multidisciplinary investigation of benign and malignant breast disease were reported. This initial report focused on the relation of menstrual, reproductive, and other factors to serum and breast fluid estrogen measures [estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), percent free estrogen, and sex hormone binding globulin] among control women. After adjustment for the factors found to be related to the various estrogen measures, estrogen levels in women with benign and malignant disease were compared to those of controls. Findings were as follows: a) little evidence of any relation of most breast cancer risk factors with the various serum estrogen parameters studied; b) differences in breast fluid estrogen levels that may be relevant to the protective effect of parity on breast cancer risk; c) markedly higher levels of E2 and E1 in breast fluid than in serum and no evidence of a correlation of serum with breast fluid measures; d) no support for the hypothesis that breast cancer patients have higher serum percent free E2 than controls or women with benign breast disease; and e) higher breast fluid E2 and E1 levels in women with biopsied benign breast disease than in controls. PMID- 3479645 TI - Long-term survival in malignant melanoma with special reference to age and sex as prognostic factors. AB - A total of 12,353 (97.5%) of all patients with a first malignant melanoma newly diagnosed in Sweden during the period 1960-82 were subjected to a complete computerized follow-up with respect to survival through December 31, 1982. Calculation of relative survival rates (RSs) revealed a consistently more favorable course in women than in men, the 5-year RSs being 80.8 and 68.0% and the 10-year RSs being 75.0 and 61.8%, respectively. Prolonged follow-up and analyses of annual excess mortality showed, in addition, that men surviving about 10 years constituted an apparently cured fraction, whereas among women there was an excess mortality throughout the observation period. The prognosis was increasingly more favorable at younger ages in males, whereas no regular age trend emerged in the female group of patients. A multivariate analysis indicated that the findings were not confounded by temporal trends in RSs or by differences in tumor location between the groups compared and also that the relative hazard was significantly higher for men than for women only during the first 8 years after diagnosis. PMID- 3479646 TI - Micronutrient assay for cancer prevention clinical trials: serum retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Assay of serum levels of retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-carotene, and beta carotene to assess nutritional status, to trials of retinol and/or beta-carotene to assess nutritional status, to monitor compliance with medication schedules, and to conduct toxicity surveillance. The optimal assay method for clinical trial use represents a balance between analytical power and speed/simplicity. Three such methods were evaluated by means of shared samples between two laboratories. Each method required less than 15 minutes per assay and detected all of the analytes of interest. Careful evaluation of calibration materials and procedures permitted different laboratories using different methods to produce results with an interlaboratory variability smaller than the within-laboratory variability for each separate method. Typical precisions for the analytes in serum samples are: retinol, 0.06 relative standard deviation (RSD; standard deviation divided by mean value); retinyl palmitate, 0.08 RSD; alpha-carotene, 0.15 RSD; and beta carotene, 0.11 RSD. Application of these methods to several hundred samples indicated that retinyl palmitate and beta-carotene levels were indicative of administered retinol and beta-carotene, whereas retinol itself was not. Population variability in pretreatment serum levels of these micronutrients expressed as RSD (retinol, 0.24; alpha-carotene, 1.11; and beta-carotene, 0.98) far exceeded the analytical imprecision in these determinations, confirming that the present assays could meet the needs of current clinical intervention trials. PMID- 3479647 TI - Expression of a putative tumor-associated surface antigen on normal versus Marek's disease virus-transformed lymphocytes. AB - Various avian tumor cell lines and normal spleen cells from 3 genetic strains of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were examined for expression of Marek's disease (MD) tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA). Two anti-MATSA monoclonal antibodies (RPH 6 and EB 29) and a rabbit anti-MATSA antiserum were used in indirect fluorescent antibody tests, and cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy and with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Less than 5% MATSA-positive cells were observed in 2 non-MD tumor cell lines (LSCC-RP 9 and RECC-CU 60) with RPH 6, but 7-82% positive cells were observed with EB 29 or the rabbit antiserum. Five MD tumor cell lines (MDCC-CU 2, -CU 14, -CU 25, -CU 32, and -CU 41) had 12-72% positive cells detected with one or both monoclonals and 31-99% positive cells detected with the rabbit antiserum. Over 90% of cells in all MD lines were la and T3 positive, while values for the same parameters in LSCC-RP 9 were 100 and 3% and for RECC-CU 60, 48 and 51%, respectively. Evidence for cell-cycle-dependent expression of MATSA on MDCC-CU 2 was obtained from cell sorting experiments with the FACS and from examination of the MATSA-staining characteristics of 3 clones derived from the parent culture. Less than 5% MATSA positive cells were observed in uncultured spleen cells from SPF chickens or in spleen cells stimulated for 48 hours with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin-M. However, with one exception, 10-53% of normal spleen cells were MATSA positive with RPH 6, after stimulation by mitogen for 24 or 48 hours followed by maintenance in conditioned medium (CM) for various times or after culture directly in CM for 3 days. More limited experiments with rabbit anti-MATSA antiserum yielded 55-85% MATSA-positive cells. From 60 to 97% of these MD virus free, MATSA-positive cells were la-positive; and, in 2 cases, 89 and 90% were T3 positive. PMID- 3479648 TI - [Genetic and epidemiologic study of blood pressure in an autochthonous population of the Northern Ob basin. Evaluation of heredity of blood pressure parameters and correlations of arterial hypertension and genetic markers]. AB - A study of intrafamilial correlations between systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, and the heritability of these parameters as well as relationships between some genetic markers and arterial hypertension in a Northern Khant population is reported. There were no correlations in the BP parameters mentioned between spouses, while the sibs correlations prevailed over the parents-children ones. Heritability was higher for systolic BP, as compared to diastolic BP. A relationship was demonstrated between MN blood group and arterial BP. Males with phenotype O were shown to be less adaptable to diastolic BP rise. PMID- 3479649 TI - [Clinical evaluation of food motivation in borderline arterial hypertension]. AB - Alimentary motivation (AM) disorders, varying in nature, markedness and duration, were found in 102 individuals with marginal arterial hypertension (64 of those showing obesity). Enhanced AM with an undulating recurrence pattern was established in 71.6%. Normal AM was noted in 24.5%, and reduced AM, in 3.9% of the patients. A relationship between elevated BP and AM changes was recorded in 70.5% of cases. Unstable or altogether lacking effect of the will effort to suppress alimentary discomfort (in 31 of 73 patients) suggests that anorexic agents should be added to combined treatment schemes for patients with marginal arterial hypertension and enhanced AM. PMID- 3479650 TI - [Resistance factors of the gastric mucosa in patients with stomach ulcer]. PMID- 3479651 TI - Rapid microwave fixation of rat mast cells. I. Localization of granule chymase with an ultrastructural postembedding immunogold technique. AB - We defined the ultrastructural localization of chymase in rat peritoneal mast cells using standard aldehyde fixation and a newly described microwave fixation method (Login GR, Dvorak AM: Microwave energy fixation for electron microscopy. Am J Pathol 120: 230, 1985; Login GR, Stavinoha WB, Dvorak AM: Ultrafast microwave energy fixation for electron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 34:381, 1986) and postembedding immunogold labeling. Thin sections were exposed first to goat IgG anti-rat chymase and second to gold-conjugated rabbit Ig directed against goat IgG. By transmission electron microscopy, gold particles were localized to the matrix of cytoplasmic granules. Control sections treated with nonimmune sera did not exhibit labeling of mast cells. Thin sections treated simultaneously with purified rat mast cell chymase and anti-chymase antibody in competition studies, showed a marked reduction in granule staining. These findings demonstrate that a microwave fixation method can be used to rapidly fix cell suspensions for postembedding immunocytochemical studies. PMID- 3479652 TI - Ethics and professionalism. PMID- 3479654 TI - For better or worse ... as our patients see us. PMID- 3479653 TI - Benign esophagobronchial fistula--report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 3479655 TI - Point-counterpoint: should premarital testing for HIV antibodies be made mandatory? PMID- 3479656 TI - Oncogenes and their clinical relevance. PMID- 3479657 TI - Results of treatment of snakebite in an upstate South Carolina community hospital. PMID- 3479658 TI - The medical management of diabetes during pregnancy. PMID- 3479659 TI - The medical trial. PMID- 3479660 TI - AIDS: life on the new frontier. PMID- 3479661 TI - Correlation in inflammatory fibroblasts between the number of glucocorticoid receptors and PGE2 release. AB - The anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are mediated through steroid receptor occupancy and there is a significant correlation between the extent of receptor saturation and the extent of the biological effects. In a previously published study, we found that the number of these receptors was higher in inflammatory fibroblasts than in quiescent ones. PGE2 release, measured at the same time as the number of steroid receptors, was higher when the cells were from inflammatory tissue. Our aim, in the present study, was to determine whether the PGE2 released by cells during inflammatory processes could participate in increasing the number of steroid receptors. Fibroblasts obtained from rat quiescent subcutaneous connective tissue and granulomas were subcultured in monolayers. The specific binding of [3H]dexamethasone was assessed and analyzed by a method described by Kalimi et al. After a freeze-thaw cycle, we observed a decrease in the number of receptors in inflammatory fibroblasts. When the frozen and thawed fibroblasts were subcultured in the presence of PGE2 (10(-8) M), the number of receptors was enhanced in fibroblasts from inflammatory tissue. Cycloheximide (3 X 10(-7) M) prevented this increase. The release of PGE2 decreased after freezing and then increased simultaneously with the number of receptors in inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that PGE2 may play a role in regulating steroid effects on fibroblast function. PMID- 3479663 TI - Features of immaturity in cells derived from granulocytic differentiation inducer treated human myeloid leukaemia (ML-1) cells. AB - Cells of the human myeloid leukaemia cell line ML-1 were exposed to differentiation inducing doses of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and retinoic acid (RA). DMSO (but not RA) caused an inhibition of cell growth which was reversible. Some granulocytic maturation associated changes were induced by both agents: nuclear segmentation in 10-20% of cells, B43.4 antigen positivity. In contrast, several other markers were not induced: nucleoli persisted in almost 100% cells including the segmented ones, the nuclear membrane regions did not stain with Victoria blue B (which stains these regions in normal neutrophils), the expression of other antigens of mature neutrophils was also not induced. Maturation asynchrony and non-physiological segmentation of round and oval nuclei were observed. Examination of nucleoli on a single cell level revealed a reversible decrease of pre-rRNA synthesis in 28-48% of the induced cells. These results indicate that terminal differentiation did not occur and confirm the dissociation in induction of various differentiation markers. PMID- 3479662 TI - Treatment of four patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with a small dose of aclacinomycin-A. AB - The effect of a small dose of aclacinomycin-A (ACR) was examined in two patients with refractory anemia (RA) and two with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t). ACR (7 or 14 mg/m2) was given for 10 days in a 2-h per day drip infusion. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data improved in 3 of these 4 patients. In a patient with RA, marked increase in reticulocytes and elevation of the hemoglobin level from 6 to 9 g/dl was observed after two courses of ACR therapy. In two with RAEB-t, Auer's rod bearing cells disappeared in the bone marrow and megaloblastic change of the erythroblasts was diminished in one patient. Hemoglobin levels rose from 4.7 to 10 g/dl in one, and platelets and WBC increased in another. No effect was seen in a patient with RA. The cytoreductive effect of ACR was minor compared to the therapy with small dose of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Therefore, ACR warrants further consideration for the treatment of patients with MDS. PMID- 3479665 TI - A new anthracycline regimen for prolymphocytic leukemia? Study of a case report with flow cytometric implications. AB - A case of prolymphocytic leukemia (PL) is reported, which showed a good response to a new antiblastic schedule (4-epidoxorubicin-asparaginase-dexamethasone) in spite of the resistance to other chemotherapy regimens. However during the course of the disease it was possible to observe the terminal appearance of a small aneuploid cell population in the peripheral blood of the patient and, in the same time, the clinical condition deteriorated considerably. The significance of this neoplastic progression and the pros and cons of aggressive chemotherapy regimens remain to be carefully evaluated in PL and related disorders. PMID- 3479664 TI - Induction of the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by palmitoleic and myristoleic acids. AB - Exposure of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells to palmitoleic or myristoleic acids for 6 days produced both functional and morphological granulocytic maturation. Considerably less or no induction of differentiation occurred with a variety of other fatty acids. Combinations of fatty acids with the granulocytic inducer of maturation, DMSO, did not significantly increase the degree of differentiation of HL-60 cells over that produced by the fatty acids alone. A series of HL-60 cell clones were isolated which differed in sensitivity to the differentiation inducing activities of palmitoleic acid, myristoleic acid, and DMSO. These findings imply that myristoleic acid and palmitoleic acid act to initiate the maturation process by events that are distinct from those produced by DMSO. The capacity of myristoleic and palmitoleic acids to induce leukemic cell differentiation is discussed with respect to protein acylation by fatty acids. PMID- 3479666 TI - Treatment of myelodysplasia with alpha-interferon. PMID- 3479667 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the Burkitt's type in a patient seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3479668 TI - [The reliability of the Cancer Registry in rare malignancies]. PMID- 3479669 TI - The vagal involvement in the antiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias in cats. AB - The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias were investigated in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. Bilateral vagotomy and atropine intervention were employed to elucidate the involvement of vagal neural influences. PGF2 alpha (2-16 micrograms/kg i.v. bolus) predominantly suppressed the ouabain-induced ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias and less commonly aggravated them in vagi-intact cats. The antiarrhythmic effect of PGF2 alpha was considerably, but not statistically significantly, decreased while its arrhythmogenic effect was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in atropine-pretreated group. In vagotomised group PGF2 alpha failed to abolish the arrhythmias but it aggravated them to a degree comparable to that observed in vagi-intact group. It is concluded that the PGF2 alpha exhibits both antiarrhythmic and arrhythmogenic properties and these are largely due to elicitation of two opposing neural reflexes - one being protective and another being deleterious to ouabain-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 3479670 TI - Eating problems related to prolonged amenorrhea in athletes. PMID- 3479671 TI - Design of reversed micellar media for the enzymatic synthesis of apolar compounds. PMID- 3479672 TI - Purification of type-alpha transforming growth factor from transformed cells. PMID- 3479673 TI - Separation of melanoma growth stimulatory activity and human type-alpha transforming growth factor. PMID- 3479674 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of type-alpha transforming growth factor. PMID- 3479675 TI - Soft agar growth assays for transforming growth factors and mitogenic peptides. PMID- 3479676 TI - Radioreceptor assays for transforming growth factors. PMID- 3479677 TI - Update on AZT for AIDS. PMID- 3479678 TI - [Mucormycosis in granulocytopenic patients]. PMID- 3479679 TI - Irreversible photolabeling of active site of neutral endopeptidase-24.11 "enkephalinase" by azidothiorphan and [14C]-azidothiorphan. AB - Azidothiorphan and its [14C]-labeled analogue have been developed as photoaffinity ligands for the active site of the neutral endopeptidase 24.11. In in vitro assays azidothiorphan inhibits the endopeptidase activity with a Ki of 0.75 nM. After ultraviolet irradiation the inhibitor binds irreversibly to the enzyme, and many factors suggest that the photolabeling occurs at the active site. The binding is accompanied by a loss of enzymatic activity, and the inclusion of the competitive inhibitor thiorphan protects the endopeptidase from this inactivation. In addition the binding of another competitive inhibitor [3H]N [(R,S)-3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl]-glycine to the active site of endopeptidase-24.11 is inhibited after irradiation with azidothiorphan. Experiments with [14C]-azidothiorphan have shown that very little nonspecific binding of inhibitor to enzyme occurs and the the labeled probe remains bound under denaturing conditions. Azidothiorphan has also been found to produce a long lasting naloxone-reversible analgesia after intracerebroventricular administration. The results show that azidothiorphan should prove useful both for structural studies and for investigations on the synthesis and turnover of the neutral endopeptidase-24.11. PMID- 3479680 TI - Type 1 transforming growth factor beta: amplified expression and secretion of mature and precursor polypeptides in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Recombinant type 1 transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was expressed to high levels in CHO cells by using dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene amplification. The expression plasmid was derived from the pSV2 vectors and contained, in tandem, the simian TGF-beta and mouse dhfr cDNAs. Transcription of both cDNAs was controlled by the simian virus 40 early promoter. Stepwise selection of transfected CHO cells in increasing concentrations of methotrexate yielded cell lines that expressed amplified TGF-beta nucleic acid sequences. The expression plasmid DNA was amplified greater than 35-fold in one of the methotrexate-selected transfectants. The major proteins secreted by these cells consisted of latent TGF-beta and TGF-beta precursor polypeptides, as judged by immunoblots by using site-specific anti-peptide antibodies derived from various regions of the TGF-beta precursor. Levels of recombinant TGF-beta protein secreted by these cells approached 30 micrograms/24 h per 10(7) cells and required prior acidification for optimal activity; nonacidified supernatants were approximately 1% as active as acidified material. Antibodies directed toward sequences present in the mature growth factor readily identified a proteolytically processed recombinant TGF-beta which, on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, comigrated with highly purified natural TGF-beta. In addition to mature recombinant TGF-beta, site-specific antibodies demonstrated the existence of larger TGF-beta precursor polypeptides. The availability of biologically active recombinant type 1 TGF-beta and precursor forms should provide a means to examine the structure, function, and potential in vivo therapeutic use of this growth factor. PMID- 3479681 TI - Guanine analog-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells and changes in queuine modification of tRNA. AB - Treatment of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)-deficient human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells with 6-thioguanine results in growth inhibition and cell differentiation. 6-Thioguanine is a substrate for the tRNA modification enzyme tRNA-guanine ribosyltransferase, which normally catalyzes the exchange of queuine for guanine in position 1 of the anticodon of tRNAs for asparagine, aspartic acid, histidine, and tyrosine. During the early stages of HGPRT-deficient HL-60 cell differentiation induced by 6-thioguanine, there was a transient decrease in the queuine content of tRNA, and changes in the isoacceptor profiles of tRNA(His) indicate that 6-thioguanine was incorporated into the tRNA in place of queuine. Reversing this structural change in the tRNA anticodon by addition of excess exogenous queuine reversed the 6-thioguanine-induced growth inhibition and differentiation. Similar results were obtained when 8-azaguanine (another inhibitor of queuine modification of tRNA that can be incorporated into the anticodon) replaced 6-thioguanine as the inducing agent. The data suggest a primary role for the change in queuine modification of tRNA in mediating the differentiation of HGPRT-deficient HL-60 cells induced by guanine analogs. PMID- 3479683 TI - HIV testing of surrogate mothers. PMID- 3479682 TI - Regulation of platelet-derived growth factor gene expression by transforming growth factor beta and phorbol ester in human leukemia cell lines. AB - We studied the expression of the genes encoding the A and B chains of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in a number of human leukemia cell lines. Steady state expression of the A-chain RNA was seen only in the promonocytic leukemia cell line U937 and in the T-cell leukemia cell line MOLT-4. It has previously been reported that both PDGF A and PDGF B genes are induced during megakaryoblastic differentiation of the K562 erythroleukemia cells and transiently during monocytic differentiation of the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and U937 cells. In this study we show that PDGF A RNA expression was induced in HL-60 and Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells and increased in U937 and MOLT 4 cells after a 1- to 2-h stimulation with an 8 pM concentration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). PDGF A RNA remained at a constant, elevated level for at least 24 h in U937 cells, but returned to undetectable levels within 12 h in HL-60 cells. No PDGF A expression was induced by TGF-beta in K562 cells or in lung carcinoma cells (A549). Interestingly, essentially no PDGF B-chain (c-sis proto-oncogene) RNA was expressed simultaneously with PDGF A. In the presence of TGF-beta and protein synthesis inhibitors, PDGF A RNA was superinduced at least 20-fold in the U937 and HL-60 cells. PDGF A expression was accompanied by secretion of immunoprecipitable PDGF to the culture medium of HL-60 and U937 cells. The phorbol ester tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate also increased PDGF A expression with similar kinetics, but with a mechanism distinct from that of TGF-beta. These results suggest a role for TGF-beta in the differential regulation of expression of the PDGF genes. PMID- 3479684 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes: a window on the biology of cancer. PMID- 3479686 TI - Prognostic value of cellular DNA content in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. PMID- 3479685 TI - Infection of the retina by human immunodeficiency virus type I. PMID- 3479687 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in a newborn whose mother received cytotoxic treatment during pregnancy. PMID- 3479688 TI - Doom and gloom. PMID- 3479689 TI - Breast cancer awareness. PMID- 3479690 TI - Clinical breast examination in breast cancer screening. PMID- 3479691 TI - Breast cancer facts: a look at mammography. PMID- 3479692 TI - Breast cancer. Early detection may mean cure. PMID- 3479693 TI - Breast self examination. Early detection for breast cancer. PMID- 3479694 TI - The diagnosis and current surgical management of breast cancer. PMID- 3479695 TI - Breast reconstruction following mastectomy. PMID- 3479696 TI - Follow-up of the breast cancer patient. PMID- 3479697 TI - A comment on Dr. Landis' article (To test or not to test) PMID- 3479698 TI - On AIDS transmission. PMID- 3479699 TI - [Gene therapy: from fiction to reality?]. PMID- 3479700 TI - [Can an HIV test be performed without consent of the patient?]. PMID- 3479702 TI - [Screening of patients for HIV infection for prevention of the contamination of health care personnel in hospitals]. PMID- 3479701 TI - [Current approach to the management of patients with hemato-oncologic diseases]. PMID- 3479703 TI - Acute renal failure in McArdle's disease. PMID- 3479704 TI - Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: eight-year, practice-based experience in a predominantly adult population. AB - Over 86% of 58 patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome achieved effective pharmacologic control of the symptoms for 3 months or longer. Differences in response patterns were common among patients and required individualized tailoring of management. Dopamine-blocking neuroleptics were the mainstay of therapy. However, frequent mid-course alterations were required as previously successful drugs stopped working or as their side effects became intolerable. While haloperidol and now pimozide are most frequently used, trifluoperazine and thiothixene can provide superior relief in individual patients. A combination of neuroleptics or even a rotation from one to another may occasionally become necessary. No tardive dyskinesia was encountered in this population. Clonidine proved inferior to neuroleptics in the treatment of the motor and vocal tics, but may have a role in some patients with prominent obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. PMID- 3479705 TI - Normal rhodanese activity in leukocytes from Leber patients: enzyme characterization and activity levels. AB - The thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) enzyme (EC 2.8.1.1.) was studied in human leukocytes from control subjects and from nine patients with Leber's hereditary optic atrophy. Enzyme activity was proportional to protein concentration in the tested range (0.09 to 0.39 mg) as well as to incubation time. The optimal pH for reaction was 8.7 and the apparent Km for thiosulfate was 7 X 10(-3) M. No significant difference of enzyme activity was present in Leber's disease. PMID- 3479706 TI - [Colorectal neoplasms: preoperative determination of GICA]. PMID- 3479707 TI - [Course of the serum determination of 4 tumor markers in viral hepatitis]. AB - The radioimmunological method was used to measure the serum levels of 4 tumour markers--CEA, TPA, Ca 19-9 and Ferritin--in 20 hepatitis patients. Blood levels of bilirubin and transaminase were assayed at the same time. Patients with high levels of bilirubin and transaminase also revealed pathological levels of all 4 markers, especially TPA and ferritin which fell towards normal levels once the acute attack was over. PMID- 3479709 TI - An alternative proposal for compensating injuries occurring in the health care delivery system. PMID- 3479708 TI - [Serum CA125, CA19-9 and TPA in the diagnostic approach to neoplastic pathology of the ovary]. PMID- 3479710 TI - Legal ramifications of the development of an AIDS vaccine. PMID- 3479711 TI - Hospital bedside blood glucose monitoring. PMID- 3479712 TI - Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: outpatient or inpatient procedure? PMID- 3479713 TI - A.I.D.S. update. How safe is the blood supply? PMID- 3479714 TI - How to plan and conduct a patient care conference. PMID- 3479715 TI - The Ninth Taniguchi International Symposium on Visual Science. Katata, Japan, November 24-28, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3479717 TI - A view of the proposed New York State regulations pertaining to the activities of medical students. Associated Medical Schools of New York. PMID- 3479716 TI - Gap junctions and synaptic relations of horizontal cells in lamprey retina. PMID- 3479718 TI - The "exaggerated death" of peritoneal lavage in the management of trauma patients. PMID- 3479719 TI - Nonoperative management of blunt abdominal trauma: the cost/benefit margin. PMID- 3479720 TI - Physicians' attitudes toward and knowledge about generic drug substitution. PMID- 3479721 TI - The diagnostic significance of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and the FEP/hemoglobin ratio in plumbism. PMID- 3479722 TI - The physician-patient relationship in interesting times. PMID- 3479723 TI - Modified radical neck dissections necessitated by a retropharyngeal abscess. PMID- 3479724 TI - Fulminant lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin disease in a homosexual man with HIV infection. PMID- 3479725 TI - Rare Streptococcus pneumoniae soft tissue abscess. PMID- 3479727 TI - Tetracycline reduces the need for insulin. PMID- 3479726 TI - Isolated endometriosis in a Bartholin gland. PMID- 3479728 TI - Fracture repair of maxillary central incisors on a pediatric dental patient. PMID- 3479729 TI - The state of American dental education: an assessment and forecast. PMID- 3479730 TI - Ankylosis of a lower first molar. Treatment with a 15-year follow-up. PMID- 3479731 TI - Expanded duties: usage and interest. A dental hygienists report. PMID- 3479732 TI - Planning for the future of dentistry...now. PMID- 3479734 TI - No free lunch: tax reform and business deductions. PMID- 3479733 TI - Delayed Buy-Out in practice sales. PMID- 3479736 TI - Mucogingival therapy. Free grafts and sliding flaps for root coverage. PMID- 3479735 TI - Predictive value of CA 125 for ovarian carcinoma in patients presenting with pelvic masses. AB - Between November 1984 and May 1986, 56 patients presenting with a pelvic mass to the Gynecologic Oncology Service of McMaster University and the Hamilton Regional Oncology Center underwent laparotomy for possible ovarian cancer. All patients had blood drawn for CA 125 three days before operation. Levels above 35 U/mL were considered positive; CA 125 had a positive predictive value of 60%. False positives occurred in patients with nongynecologic malignancies and with benign gynecologic conditions. On the other hand, CA 125 had a negative predictive value of 100%, suggesting that this test may be useful in identifying those patients with pelvic masses at higher risk for malignancy, who may require transfer for surgery at a tertiary care center. PMID- 3479737 TI - The five minute TMJ screening exam. A simple, time-efficient method. PMID- 3479738 TI - Suing the dentist. How long does a patient have? PMID- 3479739 TI - Periodontitis puzzle. Infectious, genetic or both? PMID- 3479740 TI - [Aseptic bone necroses in leukemia patients in childhood and adolescence]. AB - Four children with leukemia (1.6% of all leukemia patients) treated between 1979 and 1984 developed aseptic bone necroses, all of them at multiple sites. The average time from starting chemotherapy to developing bone necroses has been 19 months (range 9 to 28 months). This is a well known complication of corticoid therapy, but corticoids may not be the only aetiological factor. Other antineoplastic agents and leukemia for itself have been associated with aseptic bone necroses. Bone and joint pain caused by aseptic bone necroses can mimic leukemic relapse, so the diagnosis may be difficult. The increasing number of long term survivors in childhood leukemia, who underwent aggressive polychemotherapy, could make this problem more common in the near future. PMID- 3479741 TI - Systemic release of a mast cell proteinase following nematode infections in sheep. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for sheep mast cell proteinase (SMCP) has been developed. Concentrations of SMCP in homogenates of abomasal tissue from parasite-immune sheep (341 micrograms SMCP/g tissues) were raised when compared to those in normal (non-infected) abomasa (0.145 micrograms SMCP/g tissue). SMCP was not detected in sera from normal animals challenged with Haemonchus contortus but was present (less than 1.0 ng SMCP/ml) in sera from 8/11 immune sheep 2 h after intra-abomasal challenge with 1 x 10(6) exsheathed Haemonchus larvae. In two further experiments, the SMCP response in gastric lymph was monitored after homologous larval challenge in sheep immune to Ostertagia circumcincta and in normal controls. SMCP (less than 1.4 ng SMCP/ml) was detected in lymph from 2/3 and 4/5 immune animals between 1 and 4 days post-challenge with 50,000 larvae, but not from normal animals. SMCP was not detected in lymph from immune animals following challenge with 1000 Ostertagia larvae. The relatively low concentrations of SMCP in blood and lymph reflect the presence of proteinase inhibitor(s) which interfered with the ELISA. PMID- 3479742 TI - The nature of condylar displacement in patients with temporomandibular pain dysfunction. PMID- 3479743 TI - Putting the cart before the horse. PMID- 3479745 TI - [Proliferative activity of neoplastic cells in lymphosarcoma and lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3479744 TI - Loiasis in an expatriate American child: diagnostic and treatment difficulties. AB - On the basis of this experience, we recommend the following when faced with possible filariasis in an expatriate from Western Central Africa: (1) Attempt a clinical differentiation between L loa and other filarial infections present in West Africa. It is important to suspect loiasis because this is the only filarial infection that is readily curable; (2) ophthalmologic assessment to diagnose onchocerciasis; (3) if L loa is suspected, thick blood smears should be obtained from midmorning to midafternoon and stained with Giemsa or hematoxylin stains, after a concentration technique is used. Nighttime blood specimens should be obtained if the patient has been in an area where W. bancrofti is prevalent; (4) skin snip biopsies prepared as follows: Bilateral symmetrical skin snips should be taken. In the case of suspected West African filariasis, the pelvic girdle, iliac crest, and back of scapula are thought to have the highest yield. One snip from each of six different sites should be obtained. Each skin snip should be approximately 2 to 3 mm (a cornealoscleral biopsy forceps can be used). Each skin snip is placed in 100 microL (approximately one drop) of normal saline in a flat bottomed microtiter plate. The plate is incubated at room temperature and checked periodically for 24 hours under a dissecting microscope (X20 to X40). If present, the small worms will be seen wiggling and squirming in the drop of saline; (5) serologic diagnostic methods are most efficient if human filarial antigens are used; (6) if treatment is with diethylcarbamazine, the initial dose should be small.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479746 TI - [Variants of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3479747 TI - [Platelet aggregation and biosynthesis of prostaglandin in thrombocytes in children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3479748 TI - [Clinical characteristics of a recurrence-free (over 7 years) course of lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3479749 TI - A human Y-chromosomal DNA sequence expressed in testicular tissue. AB - Clone pJA36B (DYS14) was isolated from a human Y chromosome enriched cosmid library. Southern blot analysis revealed a male-specific hybridization pattern. Deletion mapping with patients' DNA localized pJA36B to the median region of Yp, being present in the DNA of nine of fifteen XX-males tested so far and therefore localized in the region neighbouring the TDF-locus. Northern blot analysis showed a transcription signal in poly(A)+ RNA of human testis. Sequence analysis of the genomic DNA sequence revealed an open reading frame of 522 basepairs in the absence of control or signal sequences for the regulation of transcription or polyadenylation. This suggests that only one exon of a translatable sequence is present in clone pJA36B. A computer aided search revealed no significant homologies with known DNA or protein sequences. PMID- 3479750 TI - Linkage of TNF genes to the HLA-B locus. AB - Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used to determine the location of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and beta genes. They were shown to be linked to the HLA-B locus; analogous to their location in mouse, between the complement (class III) region and H-2D. However, the distance between the TNF genes and the class I region was much greater in man, namely about 260 kb, compared to 70 kb in the mouse. This finding may have implications for some HLA associated diseases. PMID- 3479752 TI - Nucleotide sequence of human bone marrow serine protease (medullasin) gene. PMID- 3479753 TI - Zidovudine treatment for AIDS. PMID- 3479751 TI - Linkage of the murine steroid sulfatase locus, Sts, to sex reversed, Sxr: a genetic and molecular analysis. AB - We present genetic and molecular data demonstrating linkage of the gene for steroid sulfatase (Sts) to the mutation sex reversed (Sxr) definitively showing the existance of a functional allele for Sts mapping to the pseudoautosomal region of the mouse Y chromosome. Thus, in mouse, functional Sts genes are present in the pseudoautosomal region of both the X and Y chromosomes. This is in contrast to man where Sts has been mapped to the short arm of the X just centromeric to the pseudoautosomal region. Only a single recombinant separating Sts and Sxr was found out of 103 male meioses analyzed; double recombinants were not found between sex (Tdy), Sts and Sxr. If the rate of recombination in the pseudoautosomal region in male mice is equivalent to that in man and thus 7-10X higher than normal, then our data suggest that the distance between Sts and Sxr (or the telomere of the Y) is approximately 100-200 kb in length. Our data is in contrast to a recent report of a recombination frequency separating Sts and Sxr of as high as 6.2-9.8%. PMID- 3479754 TI - Avulsive cortical irregularities. PMID- 3479755 TI - Encephalopathy in a 14-year-old boy with leukemia in remission. PMID- 3479756 TI - Clonazepam-induced Tourette syndrome in a subject with hyperexplexia. PMID- 3479758 TI - [Evaluation of the results of the treatment of retrusive defects using extraoral traction and palatal plate]. PMID- 3479757 TI - Enzyme deficiency and food allergy. PMID- 3479760 TI - [Measurement of the working length of a tooth root canal using an electro-metric device of original design]. PMID- 3479759 TI - [Experimental study of the kinetics of silver absorption from the gastrointestinal tract after the administration of diaminosilver tetraborate]. PMID- 3479761 TI - [Fractures of the lower jaw and expert legal opinions]. PMID- 3479762 TI - [Polyamide dental floss treated with iodoform]. PMID- 3479763 TI - [The nomenclature of surgical procedures in periodontology]. PMID- 3479764 TI - [Porosity of composite filling resins]. PMID- 3479765 TI - Chromatin higher-order structure studied by neutron scattering and scanning transmission electron microscopy. AB - Neutron scattering in solution and scanning transmission electron microscopy were simultaneously done on chicken erythrocyte chromatin at various salt and magnesium concentrations. We show that chromatin is organized into a higher-order structure even at low ionic strength and that the mass per unit length increases continuously as a function of salt concentration, reaching a limiting value of between six and seven nucleosomes per 11 nm. There is no evidence of a transition from a 10-nm to a 30-nm fiber. Fiber diameter is correlated with mass per unit length, showing that both increase during condensation. We also find that there is no essential difference between the mass per unit length measured by scanning transmission electron microscopy and neutron scattering in solution, showing that the ordered regions seen in micrographs are representative of chromatin in solution. PMID- 3479766 TI - Efficient introduction of plasmid DNA into Trypanosoma brucei and transcription of a transfected chimeric gene. AB - Electroporation induces efficient transient transfection of Trypanosoma brucei, and the introduced DNA can be transcribed into RNA. When we delivered a high voltage electric pulse to cells mixed with radiolabeled pBR322, approximately equal to 15% of the plasmid DNA was taken up by the parasites. When transfecting DNA contained a segment of T. brucei ribosomal DNA that included the 5' end of the rRNA gene, the introduced plasmid directed expression of RNA; this RNA expression was shown both by dot blots and by S1 nuclease protection assays carried out under conditions specific for probe hybridization to RNA. In the absence of the ribosomal region, analogous transcription did not occur. We optimized this trypanosomal expression system with regard to electric shock strength, concentration of input DNA, and incubation time after electric shock. This technique enabling specific trypanosome DNA expression in vivo should facilitate the molecular analysis of T. brucei gene expression. PMID- 3479767 TI - Differences in the glycolipid membrane anchors of bovine and human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterases. AB - Acetylcholinesterases (AcChoEases; EC 3.1.1.7) from bovine (Ebo) and human (Ehu) erythrocytes were purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography. The hydrophobic portion of the glycolipid membrane anchor of each enzyme was radiolabeled with the photoactivated reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine. Several cleavage procedures demonstrated that this radiolabel was highly selective for the fatty acid portion of the anchor in both enzymes. The labeled enzymes were digested with phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) specific phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.10), and label release was assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. About 85% of the radiolabel was cleaved from Ebo AcChoEase, whereas only 5% was released from Ehu AcChoEase. This finding agrees with a report that Ebo AcChoEase was quantitatively released from intact erythrocytes by PtdIns-specific phospholipase C but Ehu AcChoEase was not [Low, M. G. & Finean, J. B. (1977) FEBS Lett. 82, 143-146]. The two AcChoEases contained comparable amounts of the anchor components ethanolamine, glucosamine, and myo-inositol, but qualitative and quantitative differences were found in the fatty acids. Thin-layer chromatography of radiolabeled fragments generated from Ebo and Ehu AcChoEases by nitrous acid deamination revealed a major difference in the membrane anchors of the two enzymes. The fragment released from Ebo AcChoEase by this procedure comigrated with PtdIns, whereas the corresponding fragment from Ehu AcChoEase had a mobility much greater than that of PtdIns even though it contained myo-inositol and fatty acids. These studies show that 3 (trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine is useful for analysis of lipid containing compounds and indicate that, whereas Ebo AcChoEase contains PtdIns in its glycolipid anchor, Ehu AcChoEase has a different anchor structure, which is resistant to PtdIns-specific phospholipase C. This observation suggests the existence of a class of glycolipid-anchored membrane proteins resistant to this phospholipase. PMID- 3479769 TI - Ferritin: isolation of aluminum-ferritin complex from brain. AB - Ferritin was isolated from the livers and brains of two groups of rats, one of which was fed aluminum chloride (100 microM) for 1 year in the drinking water. Brain tissue contained about one-third of the amount of ferritin found in the liver. While brain ferritin from normal rats contained 42.1 +/- 14.3 mol of aluminum, that from the aluminum-fed group contained 115.4 +/- 48.3 mol of aluminum per mol of ferritin. Liver ferritin from both groups contained similar amounts of both aluminum and iron, and the amounts were less than that found associated with brain ferritin. Ferritin isolated from the brains of patients who died of Alzheimer disease contained more aluminum and more iron than that from age-matched controls. Human brain ferritin is composed of two types of subunits- about 70% heavy chain (Mr, 22,000) and 30% light chain (Mr, 19,500). The isoelectric focusing pattern of human brain ferritin was considerably different from that of human liver. Only 5 of the 20 brain ferritin bands migrated similarly to the acidic isoferritins from the liver, and the major component of brain ferritin, representing 30% of the total ferritin, had a pI of 8.0. PMID- 3479768 TI - Molecular architecture of rabbit skeletal muscle aldolase at 2.7-A resolution. AB - The molecular architecture of the rabbit skeletal muscle aldolase (D-fructose-1,6 bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13) tetramer has been determined to 2.7-A resolution. Solution of the three-dimensional structure of rabbit muscle aldolase utilized phase information from a single isomorphous Pt(CN)4(2-) derivative, which was combined with iterative-phase refinement based upon the noncrystallographic 222-fold symmetry exhibited by the tetramer subunits. The electron-density map calculated from the refined phases (mf = 0.72) was interpreted on the basis of the known amino acid sequence (363 amino acids per subunit). The molecular architecture of the aldolase subunit corresponds to a singly wound beta-barrel of the parallel alpha/beta class structures as has been observed in triose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase, phosphogluconate aldolase, as well as others. Close contacts between tetramer subunits are virtually all between regions of hydrophobic residues. Contrary to other beta barrel structures, the known active-site residues are located in the center of the beta-barrel and are accessible to substrate from the COOH side of the beta barrel. Biochemical and crystallographic data suggest that the COOH-terminal region of aldolase covers the active-site pocket from the COOH side of the beta barrel and mediates access to the active site. On the basis of sequence studies, active-site residues as well as residues lining the active-site pocket have been totally conserved throughout evolution. By comparison, homology in the COOH terminal region is minimal. It is suggested that the amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal region may be, in part, the basis for the variable specific activities aldolases exhibit toward their substrates. PMID- 3479770 TI - Regulation of the induction of a cytochrome P-450 prostaglandin omega-hydroxylase by pregnancy in rabbit lung. AB - The mechanism of induction of an adult rabbit cytochrome P-450, prostaglandin (PG) omega-hydroxylase (P-450PG-omega), during pregnancy has been investigated. This P-450 isozyme regiospecifically hydroxylates PGE1, PGA1, and PGF2 alpha at carbon-20 (the omega position). The specific activity of this enzyme is induced from 0.07 nmol of 20-OH-PGE1 to 3.05 nmol of 20-OH-PGE1 formed per min per mg of microsomal protein in the lungs of 25- to 28-day pregnant rabbits as compared to nonpregnant rabbits. Immunoblotting studies with a polyclonal antibody raised against this P-450 have shown that there is a concomitant gestational age dependent increase in the amount of P-450PG-omega microsomal protein accompanying the increase of omega-hydroxylase activities. Within 3 days postpartum, both omega-hydroxylase activity and the amount of immunodetectable P-450PG-omega drop precipitously to near control levels. In vitro translation of total cellular RNA, extracted from the lungs of pregnant rabbits at various days throughout gestation, and immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized P-450PG-omega demonstrated a similar gestational age-dependent increase in translatable P-450PG omega mRNA, as was observed with omega-hydroxylase activity and P-450PG-omega protein levels. These data suggest that the induction of this P-450 may occur at the transcriptional level and, furthermore, that control of cytochrome P-450PG omega expression in the rabbit lung is tightly regulated at both protein and mRNA levels. PMID- 3479772 TI - Molecular and stochastic dynamics of proteins. AB - The rapid fluctuations of protein atoms derived from molecular dynamics simulations can be extrapolated to longer-time motions by effective single particle stochastic models. This is demonstrated by an analysis of velocity autocorrelation functions for the atoms of lysine side chains in the active site of RNase A. The atomic motions are described by a bounded stochastic model with the friction and noise parameters determined from a molecular dynamics simulation. The low-frequency relaxation behavior is shown to result from collisional damping rather than dephasing. Extrapolation of these results to the quasistochastic motion of the heme group in myoglobin provides an explanation of 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopic data. PMID- 3479771 TI - Low molecular weight human pulmonary surfactant protein (SP5): isolation, characterization, and cDNA and amino acid sequences. AB - Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex that promotes alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-fluid interface in the peripheral air spaces. A group of hydrophobic surfactant-associated proteins has been shown to be essential for rapid surface film formation by surfactant phospholipids. We have purified a hydrophobic surfactant protein of approximately 5 kDa that we term SP5 from bronchopulmonary lavage fluid from a patient with alveolar proteinosis and shown that it promotes rapid surface film formation by simple mixtures of phospholipids. We have derived the full amino acid sequence of human SP5 from the nucleotide sequence of cDNAs identified with oligonucleotide probes based on the NH2-terminal sequence of SP5. SP5 isolated from surfactant is a fragment of a much larger precursor protein (21 kDa). The precursor contains an extremely hydrophobic region of 34 amino acids that comprises most of the mature SP5. This hydrophobicity explains the unusual solubility characteristics of SP5 and the fact that it is lipid-associated when isolated from lung. PMID- 3479774 TI - Involvement of a nucleolar component, perichromonucleolin, in the condensation and decondensation of chromosomes. AB - A component of the nucleolar material, perichromonucleolin (PCN), was identified by a specific antiserum against nucleoli obtained from a scleroderma patient. The distribution and changes of PCN during the mitotic cycle were followed using this antiserum and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Based upon the behavior of PCN during mitosis, it could be differentiated into chromosomal and nonchromosomal portions. During prophase the former gradually associates with the surface of the condensing chromosomes and forms the coat or pellicle around the metaphase and anaphase chromosomes. This pellicle PCN is carried by the anaphase chromosomes to the daughter nuclei. During the time from telophase to interphase, the pellicle PCN dissociates from the decondensing chromosomes and is incorporated into the new nucleoli. The nonchromosomal PCN, after the breakdown of the nuclear membrane, distributes in the cytoplasmic region around the condensed chromosomes and diffuses into the cytoplasm during anaphase. Preliminary biochemical analysis by immunoblotting showed that the PCN consists of two main proteins with molecular masses of 36 kDa and 30 kDa. PMID- 3479773 TI - The partial molar volume of water in biological membranes. AB - A new algorithm is presented for interpreting the hydration dependence of x-ray diffraction measurements. The method assumes that the volume of the hydrocarbon phase of the lipid bilayer is not affected by hydration and that the volume expansion between bilayers at maximum hydration is caused by incorporation of water molecules whose partial molar volume is that of pure bulk water. These simple assumptions lead to a determination of the area expansion (and hence change in hydrocarbon-phase thickness) as a function of hydration. An analysis is made of x-ray data of the L alpha and L beta' phases of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and the L alpha phase of egg phosphatidylcholine. The partial molar volume of water depends critically on the degree of lipid hydration and the presence of voids between the head groups of adjacent lipids. The calculated head group spacings at minimum hydration are consistent with those obtained from neutron diffraction and indicate that the methyl groups of the choline are almost in contact with corresponding groups in the opposing bilayer. This calls into question the origin of the repulsive forces observed in dehydration experiments. PMID- 3479776 TI - Molecular clock rates at loci under stabilizing selection. AB - Under stabilizing selection in a finite population, lambda, the rate of allelic substitutions at a locus is approximately lambda approximately mu(1 + S)-1/2, where mu is the mutation rate. S, the stringency of selection upon new mutants, is defined by S = NVm/Vs, where N is the population size and Vm/Vs is a measure of the average fitness decrease experienced by new mutants. The approximation holds both for a "lonely" locus, which is the sole provider of genetic variation for the character under selection, and for an "embedded" locus, which is not. In both cases I use the Crow and Kimura model of a continuum of alleles with Gaussian selection and mutation. Monte Carlo simulations corroborate the substitution rate formula. Some molecular evolution data suggest the potential utility and limitations of the formula for estimating population size, mutation, and selection parameters. This work agrees with the rest of nearly neutral theory in emphasizing the important role of population size for substitution rates. PMID- 3479775 TI - cDNA cloning for a bile canaliculus domain-specific membrane glycoprotein of rat hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes are polarized cells with distinct sinusoidal, bile canalicular, and basolateral plasma membrane domains. Each domain contains proteins that are specific for it. We have isolated three cDNA clones encoding a rat liver bile canaliculus domain-specific glycoprotein with Mr 110,000 (gp110) by immunologically screening a rat kidney lambda gt11 cDNA library with a rabbit polyclonal antiserum directed against purified gp110. The authenticity of these clones was verified as follows. (i) The antiserum recognizes specifically isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside-induced fusion proteins on electrophoretic transfer blots of total lysogen lysates containing these cDNA clones. (ii) Antibodies epitope-selected by these clones are able to interact with gp110 on electrophoretic transfer blots. (iii) The amino acid sequencing derived from the DNA sequence was confirmed by amino acid sequencing of a tryptic peptide of gp110. Rescreening of the same library with the cDNA clones identified a full length cDNA clone for this glycoprotein. Sequence analysis indicates that the N linked carbohydrate chains are concentrated on the N-terminal part of this highly glycosylated protein. PMID- 3479777 TI - Amino acid substitutions in inherited albumin variants from Amerindian and Japanese populations. AB - We report an effort to determine the basis for the altered migration of seven inherited albumin variants detected by one-dimensional electrophoresis in population surveys involving tribal Amerindians and Japanese children. An amino acid substitution has thus far been determined for four of the variants. The randomness in the albumin polypeptide of these and the other sixteen independently ascertained amino acid substitutions of albumin and proalbumin thus far established was analyzed; the clustering of eight of these at two positions in the six-amino acid propeptide sequence seems noteworthy. By comparison with other proteins studied by electrophoresis, albumin exhibits "average" variability. It is a paradox that individuals who, for genetic reasons, lack albumin exhibit no obvious ill effects; yet, electrophoretic variants of albumin are no more numerous than are variants of proteins, the absence of which results in severe disease. PMID- 3479778 TI - Structural alterations of DNA ligase I in Bloom syndrome. AB - Cell lines derived from seven patients with Bloom syndrome all contain a DNA ligase I with unusual properties. Six lines were shown to have a reduced level of this enzyme activity and the residual enzyme was anomalously heat-labile. The seventh line contained a dimeric rather than monomeric form of ligase I. Several cell lines representative of other inherited human syndromes have apparently normal DNA ligases. The data indicate that Bloom syndrome is due to a defect in the structure of DNA ligase I caused by a "leaky" point mutation occurring at one of at least two alternative sites. PMID- 3479779 TI - A chromosome 11-linked determinant controls fetal globin expression and the fetal to-adult globin switch. AB - Hybrids formed by fusing mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells with human fetal erythroid cells produce human fetal globin, but they switch to adult globin production as culture time advances. To obtain information on the chromosomal assignment of the elements that control gamma-to-beta switching, we analyzed the chromosomal composition of hybrids producing exclusively or predominantly human fetal globin and hybrids producing only adult human globin. No human chromosome was consistently present in hybrids expressing fetal globin and consistently absent in hybrids expressing adult globin. Subcloning experiments demonstrated identical chromosomal compositions in subclones displaying the fetal globin program and those that had switched to expression of the adult globin program. These data indicate that retention of only one human chromosome-i.e., chromosome 11--sufficient for expression of human fetal globin and the subsequent gamma-to beta switch. The results suggest that the gamma-to-beta switch is controlled either cis to the beta-globin locus or by a trans-acting mechanism, the genes of which reside on human chromosome 11. PMID- 3479780 TI - Evidence for a nonprolactin, non-growth-hormone mammary mitogen in the human pituitary gland. AB - To determine whether the human pituitary contains a previously unidentified, nonprolactin (non-hPRL), non-growth-hormone (non-hGH) factor capable of stimulating mammary development, we tested the effects of whole human pituitary extract (hPE) and pituitary extracts depleted of hPRL and hGH ("stripped hPE") in hypophysectomized, castrated estradiol (E2)-treated male rats and rhesus monkeys. Both whole and stripped hPE significantly stimulated rat mammary development (mean scores = 3.3 and 2.0, respectively, on a scale ranging from 0 to 4) in comparison with controls (mean score = 1.0). Mammary development was not due to minute concentrations of hGH or hPRL remaining in stripped hPE because 30- to 100 fold higher concentrations of hGH (Genentech) and 1000-fold higher concentrations of hPRL were required to stimulate significant mammary development. Non-pituitary extracts of human ovary, muscle, and serum, and bovine serum albumin did not stimulate rat mammary gland growth. Trypsin destroyed the mammary mitogenic activity of whole hPE, indicating that the unidentified factor is likely a protein. Mammary growth and development were also stimulated in hypophysectomized, E2-treated monkeys by stripped hPE (mean histological score = 3.25 vs. 1.35 in control animals). Monkeys receiving stripped hPE had undetectable levels of hGH and hPRL in serum sampled over a 24-hr period. These findings suggest that the human pituitary contains a non-hPRL, non-hGH factor that stimulates mammary growth and may be important in normal mammary growth and development and perhaps in breast cancer. PMID- 3479782 TI - Spectrophotometry in vivo, a technique for local and direct enzymatic assays: application to brain acetylcholinesterase. AB - In vivo enzymology is not widely studied due to the lack of a well-adapted technology. We have developed a system that allows local and long-term spectrophotometric assays in brain tissue of live animals. It utilizes a miniaturized optical probe consisting of a multibarrel micropipette for reagent injections and optical fibers for light absorption measurements. We have applied this system to the colorimetric determination of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in rats. The reproducibility of the assay was demonstrated by repetitive assays over 24 hr, its specificity was established through the use of a highly specific organophosphorus inhibitor, and the activities measured in different brain areas agreed with the known distribution of acetylcholinesterase. No electroencephalographic abnormalities and no change in vigilance level were observed in the experimental animals. This methodology should prove to be useful for the colorimetric measurement of different enzymes or metabolites in various organs. PMID- 3479783 TI - Nonsynaptic regulation of sensory activity during movement in cockroaches. AB - Here we describe a nonsynaptic mechanism for filtering out potentially perturbing sensory feedback during locomotion. During flight, the cockroach moves its cerci, two abdominal sensory appendages, about their joint with the body and holds them in place. The cerci bear highly sensitive wind-receptive hairs, which would be strongly stimulated by flight wind. Such wind could cause habituation of the synaptic connections from these cercal receptors onto interneurons responsible for the running escape response to an approaching predator. We have found that the cercal displacement blocks one-third to one-half of the action potentials along the sensory nerve, possibly aiding in protection against such habituation. This block occurs if one experimentally displaces a cercus, and the block persists in the complete absence of any connections with the central nervous system. The block appears to be nonsynaptic and to result instead from mechanical pressure on the nerve near the joint. The results suggest that activity in peripheral nerves in other animals may also be affected by the position or movement of joints through which the nerves pass. PMID- 3479781 TI - Potential role of conjugated bilirubin and copper in the metabolism of lipid peroxides in bile. AB - Conjugated bilirubin and copper ions at their physiological concentrations in bile may play an important role in hydroperoxide and other detoxification. Conjugated bilirubin may also be an important chain-breaking antioxidant preventing lipid peroxidation. Bilirubin ditaurine (BR-DT), a water-soluble model compound of conjugated bilirubin, completely prevents the peroxyl radical-induced oxidation of phosphatidylcholine in either multilamellar liposomes or micelles. This antioxidant activity is associated with the bilirubin moiety of BR-DT, since taurine alone is inefficient in scavenging peroxyl radicals. The number of peroxyl radicals trapped per molecule of BR-DT is 1.9, compared to 4.7 trapped per molecule of biliverdin, the water-soluble physiological precursor of bilirubin. Peroxyl radical-induced oxidation of BR-DT results in a spectral shift in maximal absorbance toward shorter wavelengths; biliverdin is not formed as a major oxidation product. BR-DT, but neither taurine nor biliverdin, greatly accelerates the cupric ion-catalyzed decomposition of linoleic acid hydroperoxide. In the presence of ferric ion, BR-DT shows no lipid hydroperoxide degrading activity. Addition of cupric ion to BR-DT results in formation of a complex with spectral features similar to that of a biliverdin-cupric ion complex, indicating that BR-DT and cupric ion undergo redox reactions. PMID- 3479784 TI - Major role for neuronal death during brain development: refinement of topographical connections. AB - The precision of the topographic projection from the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) to the retina has been examined in chicken embryos and chicks by the retrograde transport of a fluorescent carbocyanine dye from restricted retinal sites. At all ages, the labeled neurons are most numerous in the topographically appropriate part of the ION, but in younger embryos up to 49% of them are found outside this region. The distribution of these "aberrantly" projecting neurons is variable, but they generally occur throughout the entire ION. They all die during the ION's period of neuronal death, accounting for most of the 60% cell loss that then occurs. We therefore suggest that a major role of neuronal death during brain development is to reduce the imprecision of neuronal connections. PMID- 3479785 TI - Neurosteroids: oligodendrocyte mitochondria convert cholesterol to pregnenolone. AB - Oligodendrocyte mitochondria from 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were incubated with 100 nM [3H]cholesterol. It yielded [3H]pregnenolone at a rate of 2.5 +/- 0.7 and 5-[3H]pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol at a rate of 2.5 +/- 1.1 pmol per mg of protein per hr. Cultures of glial cells from 19- to 21-day-old fetuses (a mixed population of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) were incubated for 24 hr with [3H]mevalonolactone. [3H]Cholesterol, [3H]pregnenolone, and 5 [3H]pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol were characterized in cellular extracts. The formation of the 3H-labeled steroids was increased by dibutyryl cAMP (0.2 mM) added to the culture medium. The active cholesterol side-chain cleavage mechanism, recently suggested immunohistochemically and already observed in cultures of C6 glioma cells, reinforces the concept of "neurosteroids" applied to delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroids previously isolated from brain. PMID- 3479786 TI - The function of acyl carrier protein in the synthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides does not require its phosphopantetheine prosthetic group. AB - An enzyme system catalyzing the synthesis of the beta 1,2-linked glucan backbone of the membrane-derived oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli from UDP-glucose has an essential requirement for the E. coli acyl carrier protein (ACP). This finding was surprising, because all other characterized functions of ACP involve acyl thioester residues linked to the phosphopantetheine moiety covalently bound to ACP. We now report that the activity of ACP in the synthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides is not altered by treatment with the sulfhydryl reagent N ethylmaleimide nor by complete removal of the phosphopantetheine residue by treatment with a specific phosphodiesterase. The function of ACP in the synthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides is thus clearly different from that involved in lipid biosynthesis. We have nevertheless found that the same molecular species of ACP that undergo enzymic acylation with long-chain fatty acid residues also function in the synthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides. PMID- 3479788 TI - Selection by differential molecular survival: a possible mechanism of early chemical evolution. AB - A model is proposed to account for selective chemical evolution, progressing from a relatively simple initial set of abiotic synthetic phenomena up to the elaborately sophisticated processes that are almost certainly required to produce the complex molecules, such as replicatable RNA-like oligonucleotides, needed for a Darwinian form of selection to start operating. The model makes the following assumptions: (i) that a small number of micromolecular substances were present at high concentration; (ii) that a random assembly mechanism combined these molecules into a variety of multimeric compounds comprising a wide repertoire of rudimentary catalytic activities; and (iii) that a lytic system capable of breaking down the assembled products existed. The model assumes further that catalysts supplied with substrates were significantly protected against breakdown. It is shown that, by granting these assumptions, an increasingly complex network of metabolic pathways would progressively be established. At the same time, the catalysts concerned would accumulate selectively to become choice substrates for elongation and other modifications that could enhance their efficiency, as well as their survival. Chemical evolution would thus proceed by a dual process of metabolic extension and catalytic innovation. Such a process should be largely deterministic and predictable from initial conditions. PMID- 3479787 TI - Cloning genes for the biosynthesis of a macrolide antibiotic. AB - Macrocin-O-methyltransferase (MacOMeTase) catalyzes the final enzymatic step in the biosynthesis of tylosin in Streptomyces fradiae. A 44-base mixed oligonucleotide probe containing only guanosine and cytidine in the third position of degenerate codons was synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of the amino terminus of MacOMeTase. Plaque blot hybridization to a bacteriophage lambda library and colony blot hybridization to a cosmid library of S. fradiae DNA identified recombinants that contained overlapping fragments of chromosomal DNA. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA verified that the DNA contained the coding sequence for MacOMeTase. Recombinant plasmids transformed mutants blocked in tylosin biosynthesis and complemented tylF (the structural gene for MacOMeTase) and tyl mutations of eight other classes. PMID- 3479789 TI - The influence of exocyclic substituents of purine bases on DNA curvature. AB - Complementary oligonucleotides with 5' overhanging deoxyguanosine or deoxycytidine stretches, respectively, of the general form 5'-d(GGGCAARAAC).5' d(CCCGTTYTTG), where R represents the bases adenine (A), hypoxanthine (base of inosine nucleoside, I), purine (R), 2-aminopurine (n2R), or 2,6-diaminopurine (n2,6(2)R) and where Y represents the pyrimidine bases thymine (T) or cytosine (C), have been chemically synthesized. After hybridization of complementary fragments, they were ligated to form multimers and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anomalous gel migration was observed for the sequences 5' d(AARAA) when the R.Y base pair was dA.dT, dI.dC, or dR.dT. All of these base pairs lack at least the amino group at position 2 of the purine base. The degree of anomalous gel migration was also related to the substituent at position 6 of the purine base. An amino group at position 6 was more effective than a carbonyl or a hydrogen in inducing anomalous gel migration. Additionally, the fragments 5' d(GGGCAIAIAC).5'-d(CCCGTCTCTG), 5'-d(GGGCAIIIAC).5'-d(CCCGTCCCTG), and 5' d(GGGCIIAIIC).5'-d(CCCGCCTCCG) were prepared in which increasing numbers of dA.dT base pairs are replaced by dI.dC base pairs. The degree of gel-migration anomaly of these sequences correlates with the number of dA.dT base pairs left in the five-base purine block. The data support the hypothesis that within the deoxyadenosine tracts, the base pairs fold into the minor groove at position 2 of the base to balance for the NH2 groups at position 6. This hypothesis explains the formation of a B'-form DNA structure for the deoxyadenosine tracts as well as DNA curvature. PMID- 3479790 TI - Structure of L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase: preliminary chain tracing at 2.8-A resolution. AB - The conformation of L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35) has been derived from electron-density maps calculated at 2.8-A resolution with phases obtained from two heavy-atom derivatives and the bound coenzyme, NAD. Like other dehydrogenases, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is a double-domain structure, but the bilobal nature of this enzyme is more pronounced than has been previously observed. The amino-terminal domain, which comprises approximately the first 200 residues, is responsible for binding the NAD cofactor and displays considerable structural homology with the dinucleotide binding domains observed in other NAD-, NADP-, and FAD-dependent enzymes. The carboxyl-terminal domain, comprising the remaining 107 residues, appears to be all alpha-helical and bears little homology to other known dehydrogenases. The subunit-subunit interface in the 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase dimer is formed almost exclusively by residues in the smaller helical domain. A difference map between the apo and holo forms of the crystalline enzyme has been interpreted in terms of the NAD molecule being bound in a typically extended conformation. The location of the coenzyme binding site, along with the structural homology to other dehydrogenases, makes it possible to speculate about the location of the binding site for the fatty acyl-CoA substrate. PMID- 3479791 TI - Cloning vectors for expression of cDNA libraries in mammalian cells. AB - We have constructed a series of compound cloning vectors (lambda ZD vectors), each consisting of phage lambda arms carrying a modified version of the retroviral expression vector pZIP-neoSV (x)1. cDNA, inserted into a cloning site present in the retroviral vector component, is cloned with high efficiency using the lambda system. A cDNA library in plasmids is then released by homologous recombination between the retroviral long terminal repeats. Retroviral transduction is achieved by transient expression of the released library in a cell line containing a packaging mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus, followed by cocultivation of these producers with recipient cells. Transcription of cDNAs in the recipient cells is driven by the strong long terminal repeat promoter, and the transcripts, even from truncated cDNAs, can be expressed because translational start sites have been provided in all three reading frames (tri-initiator). Sequences conferring a recognizable phenotype can be rescued by cell fusion. The functionality of the tri-initiator and the rescue of a rare cDNA have been successfully tested using model systems. PMID- 3479792 TI - Bacteriophage PRD1 DNA polymerase: evolution of DNA polymerases. AB - A small lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1 specifies its own DNA polymerase that utilizes terminal protein as a primer for DNA synthesis. The PRD1 DNA polymerase gene has been sequenced, and its amino acid sequence has been deduced. This protein-primed DNA polymerase consists of 553 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 63,300. Thus, it appears to be the smallest DNA polymerase ever isolated from prokaryotic cells. Comparison of the PRD1 DNA polymerase sequence with other DNA polymerase sequences that have been published yielded segmental but significant homologies. These results strongly suggest that many prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerase genes, regardless of size, have evolved from a common ancestral gene. The results further indicate that those DNA polymerases that use either an RNA or protein primer are related. We propose to classify DNA polymerases on the basis of their evolutionary relatedness. PMID- 3479793 TI - Segment-specific inverted repeats found adjacent to conserved terminal sequences in wound tumor virus genome and defective interfering RNAs. AB - Defective interfering (DI) RNAs are often associated with transmission-defective isolates of wound tumor virus (WTV), a plant virus member of the Reoviridae. We report here the cloning and characterization of WTV genome segment S5 [2613 base pairs (bp)] and three related DI RNAs (587-776 bp). Each DI RNA was generated by a simple internal deletion event that resulted in no sequence rearrangement at the deletion boundaries. Remarkably, although several DI RNAs have been in continuous passage for more than 20 years, their nucleotide sequences are identical to that of corresponding portions of segment S5 present in infrequently passaged, standard, transmission-competent virus. The positions of the deletion breakpoints indicate that the minimal sequence information required for replication and packaging of segment S5 resides within 319 bp from the 5' end of the (+)-strand and 205 bp from the 3' end of the (+)-strand. The terminal portions of segment S5 were found to contain a 9-bp inverted repeat immediately adjacent to the conserved terminal 5'-hexanucleotide and 3'-tetranucleotide sequences shared by all 12 WTV genome segments. The presence of a 6- to 9 nucleotide segment-specific inverted repeat immediately adjacent to the conserved terminal sequences was found to be a feature common to all WTV genome segments. These results reveal several basic principles that govern the replication and packaging of a segmented double-stranded RNA genome. PMID- 3479794 TI - A poly(A) addition site and a downstream termination region are required for efficient cessation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in the mouse beta maj globin gene. AB - Sequence elements within the mouse beta maj-globin transcription unit required for efficient termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II have been delineated. To facilitate nascent-chain analysis of termination, the DNA segment in which transcription ceases was introduced into the adenovirus chromosome within its E1A transcription unit. Two beta-globin DNA elements were required to effect efficient termination: an upstream sequence that includes two poly(A) addition signals and a downstream region previously shown to be where RNA synthesis stops. The role of poly(A) addition in termination was established by introduction of several single base pair substitutions into the AATAAA polyadenylylation motifs. These mutations inhibited both polyadenylylation and termination within the beta-globin DNA segment. Therefore, poly(A) addition appears to be a prerequisite for efficient termination. PMID- 3479795 TI - Angiogenin abolishes cell-free protein synthesis by specific ribonucleolytic inactivation of ribosomes. AB - Angiogenin is a potent inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis. When incubated with rabbit reticulocyte lysate at a concentration of 40-60 nM, it completely abolishes the capacity of the lysate to support protein synthesis. The inhibition appears to be due to its ribonucleolytic activity since it (i) generates limited cleavage products from reticulocyte RNA and (ii) is prevented from both cleaving RNA and inhibiting protein synthesis by placental RNase inhibitor. The ribonucleolytic activity of angiogenin toward the reticulocyte RNA system is highly specific. Thus, under conditions where angiogenin totally abolishes protein synthesis, an equivalent concentration of pancreatic RNase A inhibits it only partially. In contrast, RNase A is a much more effective enzyme than angiogenin using isolated RNA as substrate. Angiogenin inhibits protein synthesis by cleaving rRNA, thereby inactivating the protein synthesis machinery. Addition of isolated reticulocyte ribosomes to an angiogenin-treated lysate restores the capacity for protein synthesis, whereas addition of tRNA or mRNA does not. This potent effect on protein synthesis suggests a possible physiological function of angiogenin whose overall relevance and implications should become evident as the mechanisms of neovascularization are deciphered. The use of angiogenin may also further elucidate ribosome structure and its role in protein synthesis. PMID- 3479796 TI - Cell-cycle-specific interaction of nuclear DNA-binding proteins with a CCAAT sequence from the human thymidine kinase gene. AB - Induction of thymidine kinase parallels the onset of DNA synthesis. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the thymidine kinase gene, we have examined whether specific nuclear factors interact in a cell-cycle-dependent manner with sequences upstream of this gene. Two inverted CCAAT boxes near the transcriptional initiation sites were observed to form complexes with nuclear DNA binding proteins. The nature of the complexes changes dramatically as the cells approach DNA synthesis and correlates well with the previously reported transcriptional increase of the thymidine kinase gene. PMID- 3479798 TI - A bifurcated hydrogen-bonded conformation in the d(A.T) base pairs of the DNA dodecamer d(CGCAAATTTGCG) and its complex with distamycin. AB - The crystal structures of d(CGCA3T3GCG) complex to the antitumor drug distamycin and the DNA fragment alone were solved by x-ray diffraction at 2.2 and 2.5 A resolution, respectively. The drug lies in the narrow minor groove near the center of the B-DNA fragment covering 5 of the 6 A.T base pairs. It is bound to the DNA by hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions. In addition, the DNA was found to have an unusual conformation in the (dA)3.(dT)3 regions. These base pairs have a high positive propeller twist so that in the major groove the adenine amino group is located intermediate between the carbonyl O-4 groups of two adjacent thymines of the opposite strand, making bifurcated hydrogen bonds to the two thymine residues. This suggests a model to explain the unusual properties of poly-(dA).poly(dT) in which a modified B conformation is associated with a large propeller twist of the bases and a set of continuous bifurcating hydrogen bonds along the major groove, which may provide incremental stability to these segments. In addition, shorter segments of (dA)3-6.(dT)3-6 may have this conformation in the midst of B-DNA and stabilize bends in the DNA that may be associated with stacking on one of the high propeller-twisted bases at the ends of these segments. PMID- 3479797 TI - Structure of the chromosomal chicken progesterone receptor gene. AB - We have isolated cosmid clones containing the chromosomal chicken progesterone receptor gene. The gene consists of eight exons and is approximately 38 kilobases long. Individual exons correlate well with conserved functional domains of the receptor molecule. Alternative polyadenylylation in the second intron results in a putative non-hormone-binding protein. The cap site of the gene is heterogeneous over at least 14 base pairs and lies in a very G + C-rich region. The promoter lacks "TATA" and "CAAT" boxes, but CCGCCC motifs exist in the surrounding region. PMID- 3479799 TI - Bacterial heme synthesis is required for expression of the leghemoglobin holoprotein but not the apoprotein in soybean root nodules. AB - In Bradyrhizobium japonicum/soybean symbiosis, the leghemoglobin (legume hemoglobin) apoprotein is a plant product, but the origin of the heme prosthetic group is not known. B. japonicum strain LO505 is a transposon Tn5-induced cytochrome-deficient mutant; it excreted the oxidized heme precursor coproporphyrin III into the growth medium. Mutant strain LO505 was specifically deficient in protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protoporphyrinogen-IX:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.3.4) activity, and thus it could not catalyze the penultimate step in heme biosynthesis. Soybean root nodules formed from this mutant did not contain leghemoglobin, but the apoprotein was synthesized nevertheless. Data show that bacterial heme synthesis is required for leghemoglobin expression, but the heme moiety is not essential for apoleghemoglobin synthesis by the plant. Soybean leghemoglobin, therefore, is a product of both the plant and bacterial symbionts. PMID- 3479800 TI - Elevated c-myc protooncogene expression in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. AB - The polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are a group of disorders characterized by the growth of epithelial cysts from the nephrons and collecting ducts of kidney tubules. The diseases can be inherited or can be provoked by environmental factors. To investigate the molecular basis of the abnormal cell growth associated with PKD, c-myc protooncogene expression was studied in a mouse model for autosomal recessive PKD. Homozygous recessive C57BL/6J (cpk/cpk) mice develop massively enlarged cystic kidneys and die from renal failure shortly after 3 weeks of age. Quantitative dot blot and RNA blot hybridization experiments in which whole kidney poly(A)+ RNA was hybridized with a c-myc RNA probe showed a 2- to 6-fold increase in c-myc mRNA at 2 weeks, and a 25- to 30-fold increase in c myc mRNA at 3 weeks of age in polycystic mice, as compared to normal littermates. c-myc expression was also examined under two conditions in which kidney cell growth was experimentally induced in normal adult mice: compensatory renal hypertrophy and tubule regeneration following folic acid-induced renal cell injury. While compensatory hypertrophy resulted in only a small (less than 3 fold) increase in c-myc, folic acid treatment gave rise after 24 hr to a 12-fold increase in c-myc mRNA. The induction of c-myc by folic acid is consistent with increased cellular proliferation in regenerating tubules. In contrast, polycystic kidneys show only a minimal increase in cellular proliferation over that seen in normal kidneys, while c-myc levels were found to be markedly elevated. Thus, the level of c-myc expression in cystic kidneys appears to be out of proportion to the rate of cell division, suggesting that elevated and potentially abnormal c myc expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of PKD. PMID- 3479801 TI - Theoretical studies on oscillations in microtubule polymerization. AB - Oscillations in the polymerization of microtubules have been studied theoretically, using differential equations and (more realistically) Monte Carlo simulations. There is gross qualitative agreement between theory and experiment but a really satisfactory model has not been found as yet. PMID- 3479802 TI - Iron regulates ferritin mRNA translation through a segment of its 5' untranslated region. AB - In previous studies, we showed that acute administration of iron to intact rats or to rat hepatoma cells in culture induces synthesis of the iron-storage protein ferritin by activating translation of inactive cytoplasmic ferritin mRNAs for both the heavy (H) and the light (L) subunits. In the course of activation, these ferritin mRNAs are recruited onto polysomes. To elucidate the structural features of these mRNAs involved in the translational response to iron, a chimera was constructed from the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of ferritin L subunit mRNA fused to the reading frame of the mRNA of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). This chimera and deletion constructs derived from it were introduced into a rat hepatoma cell line by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The complete chimera showed increased CAT activity in response to iron enrichment of the medium, whereas deletion of the first 67 nucleotides of the 5' UTR, which contain a highly conserved sequence, caused loss of regulation by iron. Whereas cis-acting sequences located in the 5' flanking regions of many genes have been repeatedly implicated in modulating their transcriptional expression, we report here a specific regulatory translational sequence found within the 5' UTR of a eukaryotic mRNA. PMID- 3479803 TI - Developmental regulation of the estrogen receptor and the estrogen responsiveness of five yolk protein genes in the avian liver. AB - The magnitude of the expression of five yolk protein genes in the avian liver in response to exogenous estradiol is shown to be developmentally regulated. Though each of these yolk protein genes gains the capacity to respond to estradiol during embryonic development, we demonstrate that maximal responses for the different genes are achieved at distinct ages between 1 and 6 weeks after hatching. This observation prompted us to look for possible correlations between yolk protein gene expression and changes in the expression of estrogen receptors that might also occur after hatching. We discovered that indeed the maximal level of nuclear estrogen receptors (assayed following the administration of estradiol) increases progressively over this same period of development from approximately 1000 receptors per cell at 1 week after hatching to approximately 3500 receptors per cell at 6 weeks after hatching. The latter number represents the fully mature state, as comparable levels of receptors are present in the livers of egg-laying hens. Thus, though increases in the expression of estrogen receptors during embryonic liver development have previously been reported, our results indicate that the changes that occur after hatching are quantitatively far more significant to the developmental program for this transcription factor. PMID- 3479804 TI - Evolution of intrafamilial interactions. AB - A theory for the evolution of behavioral interactions among relatives is developed that allows for genetic correlations between the types of behavior that are expressed in different social contexts. Both theoretical and empirical considerations indicate that such genetic constraints will almost certainly be common in natural populations. It is shown that when genetic correlations between elements of social behavior exist, Hamilton's rule inaccurately describes the conditions for evolution by way of kin selection. The direction in which social organization evolves is a delicate function of the genetic covariance structure among behaviors expressed as an offspring, sibling, parent, etc. A change in this covariance structure caused by random genetic drift or by a change in environment for a population exhibiting genotype-environment interaction can cause the population to suddenly cross a threshold into a new selective domain. Consequently, radical changes in social organization may arise between closely related species without any major shift in selective pressures external to the population. PMID- 3479805 TI - Correlations, descent measures: drift with migration and mutation. AB - The analysis of gene frequencies for a nested structure of genes within individuals, individuals within subpopulations, and subpopulations within populations is considered. Alternative parameterizations are provided by measures of correlation and of identity by descent, but the latter parameters provide more flexibility. The effects of population size, mating system, mutation, and migration can be incorporated into transition equations for identity measures and the structure of equilibrium populations can be determined; the procedures are illustrated for a finite island model. With parameters defined before estimation procedures are developed, problems of estimates depending on the numbers of sampled subpopulations are avoided, while the descent measures also avoid the approximations found in other treatments. PMID- 3479806 TI - Rhizobium meliloti has three functional copies of the nodD symbiotic regulatory gene. AB - We have identified two Rhizobium meliloti genes (nodD2 and nodD3) that are highly homologous and closely linked to the regulatory gene nodD (nodD1). R. meliloti strains containing mutations in the three nodD genes in all possible combinations were constructed and their nodulation phenotypes were assayed on Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Melilotus alba (sweet clover). A triple nodD1-nodD2-nodD3 mutant exhibited a Nod- phenotype on alfalfa and sweet clover, indicating that nodD is an essential nodulation gene in R. meliloti. A nodD2 mutant exhibited no discernable defect in nodulation and nodD3 mutants exhibited a delayed nodulation phenotype of 2-3 days when inoculated onto either host. Alfalfa nodules elicited by a nodD1 mutant appeared 5-6 days after wild-type nodules, and sweet clover nodules elicited by a nodD1 mutant appeared 2-3 days after wild-type nodules. nodD1-nodD2 double mutants formed nodules with the same delay as single nodD1 mutants on both hosts. nodD2-nodD3 double mutants elicited sweet clover nodules at the same rate as single nodD3 mutants, but this same double mutant was slightly more delayed in alfalfa nodule formation than the nodD3 mutant. The nodD1-nodD3 mutant exhibited an extremely delayed nodulation phenotype on alfalfa and elicited no nodules on sweet clover. These experiments indicate that nodD1 and nodD3 have equivalent roles in nodulating sweet clover but that nodD1 plays a more important role than nodD3 in eliciting nodules on alfalfa. The nodD2 gene appears to have some effect on alfalfa nodulation and none on sweet clover. Our results indicate that R. meliloti has three functional nodD genes that modulate the nodulation process in a host-specific manner. PMID- 3479807 TI - Serological responses in chimpanzees inoculated with human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein (gp120) subunit vaccine. AB - The major envelope glycoprotein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been purified and was utilized as a prototype vaccine in chimpanzees. The 120,000 dalton glycoprotein (gp120) was purified from membranes of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-IIIB-infected cells and the final preparation contained low levels to no detectable HTLV-IIIB core antigen (p24) and low levels of endotoxin. Chimpanzees inoculated with gp120 responded by developing antibodies that precipitated radiolabeled gp120 and neutralized in vitro infection of HTLV-IIIB. Antibodies to HTLV-IIIB p24 were not detected in the gp120-immunized chimpanzees. Peripheral blood leukocytes from the vaccinated animals were examined for T4+ and T8+ cells, and no decrease in the T4/T8 ratio was found, indicating that immunization with a ligand (gp120) that binds to T4 has no detectable adverse effect on the population of T4+ cells. The only current animal model that can be reproducibly infected with HIV is the chimpanzee. Immunization of chimpanzees with HIV proteins will provide an experimental system for testing the effectiveness of prototype vaccines for preventing HIV infection in vivo. PMID- 3479808 TI - Role of diaxial versus diequatorial hydroxyl groups in the tumorigenic activity of a benzo[a]pyrene bay-region diol epoxide. AB - Tumorigenic activities of the (7R,8S,9S,10R)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydro derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene [(+)-B[a]P diol epoxide-2] and 6 fluorobenzo[a]pyrene (6-FB[a]P diol epoxide-2) were evaluated in newborn CD-1 mice. A total dose of 14 nmol of either diol epoxide was administered to preweanling mice, and tumorigenic activity was determined when the mice were 32 to 36 weeks old. At the termination of the study, 13% of solvent-treated control mice had developed lung tumors with an average of 0.19 tumor per mouse. No other tumors were observed in control animals. (+)-B[a]P diol epoxide-2 induced pulmonary tumors in 60% of the mice with an average of 1.9 tumors per mouse, and 14% of the male mice developed hepatic tumors with an average of 0.18 tumor per mouse. In contrast, 6-FB[a]P diol epoxide-2 had no significant tumorigenic activity at the 14-nmol dose. Although both bay-region diol epoxides have the same absolute configuration, (7R,8S,9S,10R), the hydroxyl groups of (+)-B[a]P diol epoxide-2 prefer the pseudoequatorial conformation whereas the hydroxyl groups of 6-FB[a]P diol epoxide-2 prefer the pseudoaxial conformation. The tumorigenicity results reported here are the first direct demonstration that conformation of the hydroxyl groups in a bay-region diol epoxide, in addition to the documented effect of absolute configuration, is an important determinant in the tumorigenic activity of these ultimate carcinogens. PMID- 3479809 TI - In vivo testing of subunit vaccines against malaria sporozoites using a rodent system. AB - To test the putative in vivo protective effects of antibodies to circumsporozoite (CS) protein repeats against malarial infection, different strains of mice were immunized against various repetitive regions of the Plasmodium yoelii CS protein in the form of synthetic peptides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Complete Freund's adjuvant or saponin was used as adjuvant. When vaccinated mice were challenged with 500 sporozoites almost all animals became infected. There were no significant protective effects in vaccinated versus unvaccinated mice. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the antibody titer to the CS repeats and infection. The parasites from infected animals were shown to encode a CS protein containing the same repeats as those used for immunization, indicating that the infections were not due to selection for variant parasites. These experiments demonstrate that antibodies to the CS repeats, as derived in vivo with peptides, despite being surface reactive, do not provide protection against sporozoite challenge in vivo. This conclusion is in contrast to previous conclusions based on studies showing protection by way of in vitro sporozoite neutralization procedures and passive transfer of monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3479810 TI - Regulation of molecular components of the synapse in the developing and adult rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - Rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was used to begin studying the regulation of molecular components of the synapse. Ganglionic postsynaptic densities (PSDs)exhibited a thin, disc-shaped profile electron microscopically, comparable to that described for brain. Moreover, the presumptive ganglionic PSD protein (PSDp) was phosphorylated in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, bound 125I-labeled calmodulin, and exhibited a Mr of 51,000, all characteristic of the major PSD protein of brain. These initial studies indicated that ganglionic PSDp and the major PSD protein of brain are comparable, allowing us to study synaptic regulation in the well-defined superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. To obtain enough quantities of ganglionic PSDp, we used synaptic membrane fractions. During postnatal development, calmodulin binding to the ganglionic PSDp increased 411 fold per ganglion from birth to 60 days, whereas synaptic membrane protein increased only 4.5-fold. Consequently, different synaptic components apparently develop differently. Moreover, denervation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion in adult rats caused an 85% decrease in ganglionic PSDp-calmodulin binding, but denervation caused no change in synaptic membrane protein 2 weeks postoperatively. Our observations suggest that presynaptic innervation selectively regulates specific molecular components of the postsynaptic membrane structure. PMID- 3479811 TI - Linear mechanisms of directional selectivity in simple cells of cat striate cortex. AB - The role of linear spatial summation in the directional selectivity of simple cells in cat striate cortex was investigated. The experimental paradigm consisted of comparing the response to drifting grating stimuli with linear predictions based on the response to stationary contrast-reversing gratings. The spatial phase dependence of the response to contrast-reversing gratings was consistent with a high degree of linearity of spatial summation within the receptive fields. Furthermore, the preferred direction predicted from the response to stationary gratings generally agreed with the measurements made with drifting gratings. The amount of directional selectivity predicted was, on average, about half the measured value, indicating that nonlinear mechanisms act in concert with linear mechanisms in determining the overall directional selectivity. PMID- 3479812 TI - Activation of protein kinase C and contraction in skinned vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3479813 TI - Pulmonary leukostasis: radiologic-pathologic study. AB - The terminal chest radiographs of ten patients with pulmonary leukostasis were correlated with the autopsy findings. In six patients, no abnormalities attributable to leukostasis were seen on chest radiographs. In four patients, diffuse alveolar consolidations were caused by alveolar edema following leukostasis. Leukostasis should be considered in leukemia patients with severe dyspnea who have normal chest radiographs or diffuse alveolar edema. PMID- 3479814 TI - [Serum level of the tumor marker CA 125 in ovarian pathology]. AB - The tumor marker CA-125 is an embryonal glycoprotein detectable in tissues derived from celomatic epithelium. Serum CA-125 was determined by RIA in 66 patients with various ovarian pathologies (16 malignant at stage III-IV and 50 benign). Six patients with ovarian carcinoma were monitored during the first week after surgery and chemotherapy for a total of 150 days of treatment. We observed that CA-125 serum level is consistently above the normal range (greater than 35 U/ml) in all malignant diseases. In benign pathology, levels above the normal were found to be represented almost exclusively by ovarian endometriosis. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that chemotherapy alone is capable of lowering CA-125 serum levels. This tumor marker may be of great advantage in diagnosis and follow-up of ovarian malignancy. PMID- 3479816 TI - [Preparation of ceramic-metallic crowns]. PMID- 3479815 TI - [Indications for ceramic-metallic crowns]. PMID- 3479817 TI - Diabetes insipidus with renal resistance to vasopressin in the desoxycorticosterone-treated dog: a possible role for prostaglandins. AB - We examined the release of vasopressin and the renal response to exogenous vasopressin before and during desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) administration in the dog. As treatment with DOCA produced potassium loss, urine volume increased, urinary osmolality decreased, and urinary PGE2 tended to increase. The increase in urine volume was accompanied by increases in serum sodium, in plasma osmolality and in plasma arginine vasopressin. The threshold for vasopressin release measured during polyuria was higher than control but the rate of vasopressin release was unchanged. The DOCA-induced polyuria was not affected by treatment with vasopressin which further increased plasma vasopressin. Treatment with indomethacin which corrected the increase in urinary PGE2 excretion but not the hypokalemia, restored the renal responsiveness to vasopressin, decreased the secretion of vasopressin, and corrected the polyuria and the hypernatremia. These findings suggest that DOCA-induced polyuria is attributable to a decrease in renal responsiveness to vasopressin which may be mediated in part by an increase in the renal synthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 3479818 TI - Effective sample sizes for confidence intervals for survival probabilities. AB - We examine various methods to estimate the effective sample size for construction of confidence intervals for survival probabilities. We compare the effective sample sizes of Cutler and Ederer and Peto et al., as well as a modified Cutler Ederer effective sample size. We investigate the use of these effective sample sizes in the common situation of many censored observations that intervene between the time point of interest and the last death before this time. We note that there is no a priori reason to treat upper and lower confidence intervals in a symmetric fashion since censored survival data are by nature asymmetric. We recommend the use of the Cutler-Ederer effective sample size in construction of upper confidence intervals and the Peto effective sample size in construction of lower confidence intervals. Two examples with real data demonstrate the differences between confidence intervals formed with different effective sample sizes. This study also illustrates the need for caution in the application of simulation studies to real problems. PMID- 3479820 TI - CPR: ready or not? A Rhode Island perspective. PMID- 3479819 TI - Disseminated infection with Trichosporon beigelii. AB - Two cases of systemic infection with Trichosporon beigelii are reported. Both patients had acute leukemia and were receiving cytotoxic and antibiotic drug therapy, which included amphotericin B, at the time of sepsis. Although clinical isolates of the organisms were found to be sensitive to amphotericin B in vitro, both patients died from severe, widespread fungal infection. The pathologic findings in these two cases suggest that the host response to trichosporon infection is a granulomatous inflammation. Trichosporon is a virulent opportunistic pathogen that may originate from the gastrointestinal tract damaged by cytotoxic therapy in the patient with aplasia. Despite aggressive antifungal therapy, survival is most closely related to recovery of the host's hematopoietic system. PMID- 3479821 TI - How to write a medical-legal report for litigation with insanity as the defense. PMID- 3479823 TI - The postsurgical TMJ patient: a protocol for treatment. PMID- 3479824 TI - [Precocity of the means of expression in newborn infants. Aplea for early surgery of the velum palatinum]. AB - It should be stressed not only that every functions are available at an early age but also that there is a critical period during which they should be established and developed. That is obvious for suckling, sight, hearing and for speaking too Newborn infants are capable of gestual expression during the very first days of life and are capable of performing glottal stops at 6 weeks of age and simple posterior articulatory at 3 months of age. At 6 months, the infant will use repetitive simple anterior and posterior articulatory movements. Thus, reparing velum at 3 months and reparing hard palate and lip at 6 months is logical and produce spontaneous good speech. Later the infant will be operated, longer be will keep glottal stops may be incorrigible. Late development of speech and language will trouble their perfect integration. PMID- 3479822 TI - Acute renal failure with anuria caused by aortic thrombosis and bilateral renal artery occlusion. A report of two cases. PMID- 3479825 TI - [Complications of the dilatation of Stensen's duct: stenosis and lithiasis]. AB - A recent publication noted the apparent lack of serious complications of dilatation of salivary canals, based on a review of 16 cases. This is contested by the report of three cases of dilatation of Stensen's duct complicated by lithiasis and stenosis, with associated canalar pseudo-cysts. Surgical excision was required and allowed study of histopathology of this affection. PMID- 3479827 TI - [Epitheliomas of the nose with an unfavourable course]. AB - Two cases of unfavorable course of epithelioma of nose are reported. Predisposing factors, anatomoclinical diagnostic features and treatment of these lesions are analyzed, and emphasis placed on the need for early, radical surgery to prevent such a course. PMID- 3479826 TI - [Reconstruction following anterior sulco-mandibulectomy. The advantages and disadvantages of different procedures. Apropos of 85 cases]. AB - A retrospective study was conducted on 85 case-reports of patients with epithelioma of anterior and anterolateral region of floor of mouth operated upon in the Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Salpetriere hospital, Paris. An update review of recent advances in surgery for reconstruction of floor of mouth is completed by results of study of the case-reports showing evolution of ideas related to functional results and to vital prognosis (as function of tumoral stage). PMID- 3479829 TI - [Transjugal osteosynthesis by compression miniscrew in sagittal ramus osteotomy]. AB - The transjugal osteosynthesis technique of the Obwegeser-Dalpont type is used for treatment by sagittal osteotomy of ascending rami. The material used is a direct compression mini-screw derived from that described by Michelet-Champy. Principles underlying all types of osteosynthesis (rigidity, solidity, miniaturization, according to the authors) are discussed and advantages and inconveniences of their material compared with those of other existing procedures. Two clinical cases are presented as an illustration. PMID- 3479828 TI - [Horizontal osteotomy of the body of the mandible with transfer of the inferior dental nerve]. AB - By patient with developmental face asymmetry resulting from unilateral mandibular hyperplasia, irregular height of the mandibular body was strongly manifested on affected side. Since a large portion of inferior border of the mandible predicted to be cutted off contained almost the whole of the lower alveolar nerve, transfer of this last was employed. The nerve was surgically isolated along its course, and secured by being lifted while horizontal osteotomy of mandibular body was performed. Next the nerve was accommodated in new groove created in a safe distance from the roots of lower teeth. Postoperative healing was uneventful, but feeling in the region of lower lip was decreased during a few days immediately after surgery. Patient reexamined 18 months later demonstrated satisfactory esthetic and functional result with preserved feeling in the region supplied by the lower alveolar nerve. PMID- 3479831 TI - [Craniofacial injuries and osteomeningeal ruptures. When should the anterior fossa be approached?]. AB - A retrospective analysis was carried out of 142 cases of craniofacial traumas divided into 5 types according to the Fain classification. The incidence of cerebrospinal fistula of fronto-basal skull is very high in types III and IV traumas (60% of the cases). It is less important in type II2 traumas representing severe naso-orbital lesions (40% of the cases). It is only of 20% in type II1 traumas (Lefort II and III). Uncontrollable rhinorrhea and late meningitis are mainly due to types II and IV traumas. From these findings surgical indications and technique of the approach of the fronto basal skull are discussed. PMID- 3479830 TI - [Long-term results of glossectomies]. AB - Analysis of results of a series of marginal glossectomies, performed for orthodontic or orthopedic indications over the last 10 years, showed sustained improvement of alveolar process inclination with practically inexistant functional or psychologic sequelae. PMID- 3479832 TI - [Reconstruction of the commissural vermillion by a bifid tongue flap. Its application to gunshot wounds of the lips]. AB - Reconstruction of the vermilion border in three patients with maxillofacial bullet wounds was by use of a tongue flap. The interest of a bifid flap is stressed, this providing a border capable of allowing almost normal opening of the mouth, and possessing the advantage of its removal from the ventral surface giving an appearance close to that of the uninjured commissural vermilion. PMID- 3479833 TI - [Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the zygomatic area]. AB - A case of post-traumatic false aneurysm of a segment of the zygomato-malar artery is used as a basis for a discussion of this fairly rare complication of facial injuries and the complementarity of angiographic examinations and surgical exploration findings. PMID- 3479834 TI - [Cervicofacial malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Five cases of non-Hodgkins malignant lymphoma are reported and recent advances in identification and classification of these rare lymphoid tissue tumors used as a basis for evaluation of prognosis and therapy. PMID- 3479835 TI - Sustained feeding or fasting affects levels of glucagon (IRG) in porcine plasma, gut and pancreas. AB - Arterial glucagon levels are elevated in fed pancreatectomised pigs and the source was sought by measuring the hormone in arterial, portal, hepatic and renal venous blood, and in gut tissues. Pigs which were starved for 48 hours (basal) were compared with sham operated or pancreatectomised pigs which were fed or starved for 7 days post operatively. Feeding of sham operated pigs caused a uniform increase in IRG 3485, while starvation resulted in a decreased portal IRG 7000. Pancreatectomy was associated with a uniform decrease in portal IRG 3485 and increase of IRG 7000 regardless of nutritional status. Hepatic and renal extraction of 23-26% was noted in fed animals (IRG 3485 in sham operated; IRG 7000 in pancreatectomised). In all starved pigs, hepatic and renal extraction were reduced to zero. The gastric and caecal mucosa and the pancreas contained most of IRG 3485. Gastric and caecal levels were increased after feeding of either group of animals, while fasting caused a marked increase in pancreatic IRG 3485 and a decrease in ileal IRG 7000. These studies demonstrate a direct effect of sustained nutritional status upon the distribution of glucagon in plasma and gastro intestinal tissues. PMID- 3479837 TI - Arthrosis or osteoarthritis: do these terms imply therapy with pure analgesics or non-steroidal antirheumatic agents? AB - In contrast to German-speaking regions, where the expression "arthrosis" is used, English-speaking countries prefer the term "osteoarthritis". The syllable "itis" indicates quantitatively variable inflammation which is present in each phase of the disease. In choosing the right expression one must also include new concepts of arthrosis regarding aetiology and pathogenesis as well as the quantitative aspect of inflammation. Since most arthrotic patients are now treated with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the question of the anti-inflammatory effect of each of these drugs is just as important as the question of their analgesic activity and neutrality for chondrocytes. Bearing in mind that some kinds of arthrotic pain are not induced by inflammation mediators, treatment with pure analgesic drugs would be advantageous. The latest concept of the pathogenesis of arthrosis involving interleukin, rounds the problem off. Perhaps the difficulty lies therein, in that nowadays we are unable to quantify the inflammatory aspect of inflammation. Only when we are in a position to determine pathogenetically damaging agents in their negative potential and their proportional quantity, will we be able to answer the question, "osteoarthrosis or osteoarthritis?" PMID- 3479836 TI - Macrophages and dendritic cells in antigen-induced arthritis. An immunohistochemical study using cryostat sections of the whole knee joint of rat. AB - Two non-lymphoid cell types play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, i.e. the 'classical' macrophage and the antigen-presenting dendritic cell. In the present study, the roles of both cell types are studied in antigen induced arthritis of the rat knee joint. Cryostat sections of whole, unfixed, undecalcified knee joints were used for immunohistochemical staining of non lymphoid cells and lymphocyte subsets. For the demonstration of the different types of non-lymphoid cells, monoclonal antibodies against rat macrophages (ED1, ED2, and ED3) and against Ia antigen were used with an immunoperoxidase method. The results show in an overall view of the arthritic joint the different sites of action of the classical macrophages on the one hand and the Ia-positive dendritic cells on the other. Classical macrophages were mainly found in the superficial layers of the synovium bordering joint space and articular cartilage. Dendritic cells and T cells of the helper phenotype were mainly found in clusters surrounding small blood vessels within the synovium. These clusters express the immunological background of the antigen-induced arthritis and may well be responsible for the continuation of the arthritic process. PMID- 3479838 TI - Thermographic and scintigraphic examination of the early phase of inflammatory disease. AB - Modern imaging techniques can be a valuable aid to the rheumatologist. Isotope scans, particularly technetium diphosphonate, can give very early localisation of inflammatory activity. Infra-red thermography can also provide early data, and is completely non-invasive. In drug assessment, thermography is particularly useful, quantifying the anti-inflammatory effects, which may be more rapid in the small joints and slower in joints such as the knee. Given that many anti-inflammatory drugs are analgesic at a low dose yet may improve subjective function e.g. grip test, there is a definite role for objective measurement of true anti inflammatory effects. The methodology is now well proven and easily used in clinical practice. PMID- 3479839 TI - Indexes of severity for osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Validation--value in comparison with other assessment tests. AB - The index for hip disease (ISH) was established, validated and appraised as a new assessment test for the trial of new drugs as well as for long-term follow-up of patients, and to help with future indications for surgery. The ISH deals with pain, maximum walking distance, and some activities of daily living. Inter observer reproducibility is good (mean deviation 0.55 points; p less than 0.05). In a short-term, double-blind crossover trial, the ISH, judged according to its power to distinguish between the active drug period and the placebo period, appears as one of the best assessment tests. In the long term, total hip prosthesis is most often justified when the ISH score reaches 10-12 points. The index of severity for knee disease (ISK) was validated and appraised by the same statistical methods. Its value in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or analgesic trials is lower than the value of the ISH. However, its use is still justified for that purpose, and for long-term follow-up of osteoarthritis of the knee. PMID- 3479840 TI - Clinical guide to emergency room evaluation and management of the violent patient. PMID- 3479841 TI - Elder abuse in South Dakota: Part 1: The who, how and why of abuse. PMID- 3479842 TI - Assemblage of ortho cleavage route for simultaneous degradation of chloro- and methylaromatics. AB - Genetic engineering is a powerful means of accelerating the evolution of new biological activities and has considerable potential for constructing microorganisms that can degrade environmental pollutants. Critical enzymes from five different catabolic pathways of three distinct soil bacteria have been combined in patchwork fashion into a functional ortho cleavage route for the degradation of methylphenols and methylbenzoates. The new bacterium thereby evolved was able to degrade and grow on mixtures of chloro- and methylaromatics that were toxic even for the bacteria that could degrade the individual components of the mixtures. Except for one enzymatic step, the pathway was fully regulated and its component enzymes were only synthesized in response to the presence of pathway substrates. PMID- 3479843 TI - The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5. AB - The inherited genetic defect in adenomatous polyposis has been localized to a small region on the long arm of chromosome 5. Sixteen DNA marker loci were used to construct a linkage map of the chromosome. When five kindreds segregating a gene for adenomatous polyposis coli were characterized with a number of the markers, significant linkage was found between one marker and the disease gene. Linkage analysis determined the location of the defective gene within a primary genetic map of chromosome 5. PMID- 3479844 TI - Biotechnology's stock market blues. PMID- 3479845 TI - Insect viruses invade biotechnology. PMID- 3479846 TI - Reproduction trends and the emergence of moral panic. AB - Are we witnessing a moral panic or a moral evaluation in the responses to the new reproductive technologies? Locating women in reproductive technology is a particularly powerful way into a discussion of values and consequences, intended or unintended. Twelve areas are isolated for discussion beginning with issues of definition and location: What is reproductive and genetic engineering? and How does human reproduction fit into bio-technological developments generally? Next issues are raised about how the new developments are being shaped ideologically and how they are being promoted by the state. A series of legal issues affecting women, men, children, embryos and fetuses follow. The focus then shifts to the way women are ideologically constructed: Why is there an assumption that woman = mother, and mother = heterosexual married or stable cohabiting woman?--and socially controlled: Why assume technological change in human reproductive processes means the basic subordination of women to men will not alter? The usefulness of the new technologies in relieving involuntary childlessness is then queried which leads on to a questioning of whether these developments are qualitatively different from other technologies used in human reproduction. Futuristic concerns such as the importance of the male pregnancy and the social consequences of fully medicalising human reproduction are raised. The last area to be considered is protest by women and suggested alternative approaches to increase the social visibility and recognition of the needs and interest of women in the current and potential use of the new medical and scientific developments. PMID- 3479847 TI - [Generalized tic (Gilles de la Tourette's disease) in children and adults]. PMID- 3479849 TI - [Stop with all further extension of production using genetic technology]. PMID- 3479850 TI - Case of the month. Prolapsed mucosa of the upper lip. PMID- 3479848 TI - Prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel--a new formulation for the induction of labour. AB - In order to evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandin E2 gel in the induction of labour it was compared with a routine method of induction by oxytocin titration. A total of 50 patients were randomly allocated to two groups; 25 patients received intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel and 25 oxytocin infusion. In both groups amniotomy was performed once the patient was in the active phase of labour. Successful outcome was regarded as established labour within 12 hours of commencement of the trial. In the oxytocin group this was achieved in 88% of multiparas and 75% of primigravidas. In the prostaglandin group the outcome was successful in 82% of multiparas and 75% of primigravidas. PMID- 3479851 TI - The practice advantage. Leadership vs. management. PMID- 3479852 TI - Memories of the crash of Delta Flight 191: the reflections of forensic dentist. PMID- 3479854 TI - Filariasis due to Loa loa and Mansonella perstans: distribution in the region of Okondja, Haut-Ogooue Province, Gabon, with parasitological and serological follow up over one year. AB - The prevalence of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans filariasis has been determined in 6 rural villages in eastern Gabon. Between 18.9 and 27.2% of people carry L. loa microfilariae with an overall microfilarial rate of 25.1%. The microfilarial rate for M. perstans was more variable, between 33.3 and 62.2% (average 49.1%). No significant difference was seen in the microfilarial rate with age over 15 years for either parasite, but men were infected more frequently than women. Anti L. loa antibody titres were measured, using a homologous microfilarial antigen in ELISA. Taking the parasitological and immunological evaluations together, only 10% of the sample population appear to be free of these filarial infections. L. loa and M. perstans microfilaraemia and corresponding serology were also investigated twice in 150 people at a one-year interval. 99.1% of the cases who had no circulating L. loa microfilaria in March 1984 still did not show any 12 months later. Similarly, 97.1% of the untreated, microfilaraemic cases still harboured this parasite a year later. The same was not observed for M. perstans, since microfilariae appeared or disappeared in 26.7% of the cases. This suggests different dynamics for the two filarial infections. Variation in individual anti L. loa antibody titres was low. The possibility of a genetic influence on the expression of loiasis is discussed. PMID- 3479853 TI - Transient hyperphagia after sodium selenite injection in mice. AB - Injection (s.c.) of Na2SeO3 (SS, 20-30 mumol/kg) into male mice initiated eating, which began about 20 min after injection and continued for about 3 h. This initiation effect was observed for mice of different ages and at different times of the day. Other findings of this study were: (1) early morning injection (30 mumol/kg) caused increased food intake, as examined by gastric content 3 h after injection, compared to daytime injection; and (2) SS-induced transient hyperphagia was observed at ambient temperatures of 10 and 22 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. This paper discusses these results in relation to SS-induced hypothermia. PMID- 3479855 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies of poly-L-lysine as inducer of Friend leukemic cells differentiation. AB - Poly-L-lysine, a synthetic cationic polypeptide known for its ability to bind to cell membranes, was found to induce differentiation of Friend leukemia cells "in vitro". Studies were extended to the same "in vitro" model, in order to examine the therapeutic potential of this new differentiating agent. The i.p. administration of the polymer (Mw 2700) at the maximal tolerated dose resulted in major alterations of disease-related parameters. In particular, a multiple treatment schedule on the advanced disease resulted in a successful reduction of target organ weight and peripheral white blood cell count and appreciable differentiation of spleen and bone marrow cells. Apparently, the effects of poly L-lysine were superior to those produced by N-methyl-acetamide, a potent inducer of differentiation "in vitro". PMID- 3479857 TI - Heterotransplantation of human acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia in nude mice. PMID- 3479856 TI - Unusual interstitial deletion of the 8q12 band in a case of acute monocytic leukemia. AB - The authors describe a case of acute monocytic leukemia with a clonal deletion of the 8q12 band as a single chromosomal aberration. On the basis of this and other reports from the literature, they suggest that the 8q1 region, hitherto considered significantly involved in solid tumors, may be important also for hematologic malignancies. PMID- 3479858 TI - [The clinical picture and course of acute leukemia in children and its relation to immunologic characteristics of leukemic cells]. PMID- 3479859 TI - [Anemia in chronic leukemia]. PMID- 3479860 TI - [Comprehensive care of patients with thrombocythemia]. PMID- 3479861 TI - [Scalp hypothermia as a preventive of alopecia in patients receiving combined chemotherapy including anthracyclines]. AB - Scalp cooling to prevent alopecia was used in 47 patients treated with anthracyclines for various tumors. Good results were obtained though the course included cyclophosphamide which also causes alopecia. Total beneficial (good + satisfactory) effect was recorded in 36 patients (74.4%) who did not need a wig. PMID- 3479863 TI - Survey of women in dentistry. PMID- 3479862 TI - [Use of levamisole for preventing infectious complications in chronic myeloleukemia in the stage of blast exacerbation]. PMID- 3479864 TI - West Virginia's air medical program. PMID- 3479865 TI - Vascular variance--Scylla and Charybdis? PMID- 3479866 TI - 1984-1986. West Virginia Community Clinical Oncology Program. PMID- 3479867 TI - In search of a doctor-professor's roots. PMID- 3479868 TI - Mandatory testing needed. PMID- 3479869 TI - Precedents for testing. PMID- 3479871 TI - [Behavior disorders with involvement of the nervous system in children with lymphoblastic leukemia and psychological attitudes of the parents]. PMID- 3479870 TI - Mapping approaches to gene identification in humans. AB - Although a number of human genes that cause disease have been traced through the defective product, most genetic defects are recognized only by phenotype. When the biochemical defect is unknown, a gene can be located only through molecular approaches based on coinheritance (genetic linkage) of the disease phenotype with a particular allele of a polymorphic DNA marker that has already been mapped to a specific chromosomal region. Linkage studies in affected families have already localized genes for several important diseases, including cystic fibrosis. Finding a genetic linkage in families in which a disease segregates requires that the human genetic map have a large number of polymorphic markers; when the map is dense enough, any disease gene can be located by linkage to a known marker. Many DNA segments with a high degree of polymorphism are being found and mapped as markers in normal reference pedigrees. Genetic linkage mapping has implications even broader than its application to prenatal diagnosis or therapeutic strategy; analyzing mutations in important genes will illuminate basic mechanisms in molecular biology and the early events that lead to cancer and other disorders. PMID- 3479872 TI - [Placebo-controlled studies with mianserin. Discussion from the viewpoint of a re evaluated placebo concept]. AB - In this paper the literature on placebo-controlled studies with Mianserin is being commented in view of the enclosed discourse "Placebo: Beyond pretense and nuisance variable." This paper's purpose is to enrich the understanding of the effect of a drug under everyday therapeutic conditions, an understanding, that derives from the physicians synthesis of personal uncontrolled observations of a drug's profile and the reported "mean-effect" in placebo-controlled studies. PMID- 3479873 TI - [Value of gallium-67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis and assessment of activity in sarcoidosis]. AB - Gallium-67 scan has an increased importance in the examination of activity in sarcoidosis. Compared with other markers of activity only gallium-67 can give an information about the localization of active granulomas in the body. It is profitable to distinguish between the accumulation of 67-gallium in the region of hilus and of lung parenchyma. SACE and gallium-67 scan complement each other. There is a good correlation between SACE and gallium-67 score, especially if there is an involvement of lung parenchyma. PMID- 3479874 TI - [Edentulous jaws and dentofacial harmony]. PMID- 3479875 TI - [Premedication in children with midazolam]. PMID- 3479876 TI - [Sugar in the diet]. PMID- 3479877 TI - [Smoking and periodontal disease]. PMID- 3479878 TI - Influence of luteinizing hormone and prostaglandin F2 alpha on progesterone secretion in superfused bovine luteal tissue slices. AB - Tissue slices from bovine corpus luteum from Days 12 or 13 of the oestrous cycle were superfused for 8 h, and the progesterone secretion under the influence of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and/or LH was measured. PGF2 alpha at concentrations of 0.28 to 2800 nmol/l medium did not affect the basal progesterone secretion, whereas higher doses (7000 to 28,000 nmol/l) induced a slight increase in hormone secretion. LH, 3.4 nmol/l, caused an increase in the progesterone concentration in superfusates which exceeded the control levels (P less than 0.01). This luteotropic effect of LH was not influenced by simultaneous addition of 28 to 2800 nmol/l PGF2 alpha. PGF2 alpha, 2800 nmol/l, did not inhibit progesterone secretion, when administered together with 0.034 to 34 nmol LH/l. Pre-superfusion with 2800 nmol/l PGF2 alpha had no effect on the LH stimulated increase in progesterone secretion. It is concluded that in cattle, a direct cellular effect of PGF2 alpha, antagonizing the luteotropic function of LH, may be of less importance than other possible direct and indirect PGF2 alpha actions. PMID- 3479880 TI - Megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia in a child. PMID- 3479879 TI - Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelocytic leukemia in children. PMID- 3479881 TI - Monocentric and dicentric structure of an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 17, i(17q), in blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3479882 TI - Two-dimensional protein patterns of two cell lines of rat myeloid leukemia at distinct differentiation stages. PMID- 3479883 TI - Preservation of the rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) following the negative conversion of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) in relapse of Ph1-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3479884 TI - Platelet catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3479885 TI - Synapses and ephapses in the spiral ganglion. AB - Spiral ganglion cells and their nerve fibers in Rosenthal's canal of the macaque monkey were studied in serial sections by electron microscopy. There were four types of neurons. In type I myelinated neurons, the first segments of the peripheral processes established direct contact with each other demonstrating asymmetric densities at opposing junctional membranes. The first segments were also in direct contact with the peripheral processes of type II neurons (ephaptic contact). In type II unmyelinated neurons the perikarya and the peripheral and central processes showed synapses, presumably with the efferent fibers. The processes of type II neurons came in direct contact with each other and also with the adrenergic type fibers. In the third type of neuron (IIA), which showed thinly or partly myelinated perikarya with unmyelinated axons, the peripheral and central processes showed synapses similar to those shown in type II neurons. The peripheral process formed a varicosity and made presynaptic contacts (dendrodendritic synapses) on the peripheral processes of type II and IIA neurons. In the fourth type, the perikaryon was unmyelinated but the axons were myelinated. All cytological features and synapses on the perikaryon were similar to those of type II neurons. These findings suggest that nerve fibers of different types communicate with each other, and when sensory cells degenerate, the surviving neurons which have lost their connections to these sensory cells, may still send electrical signals to the cochlear nuclei through the synapses and ephapses of their neurites in Rosenthal's canal. PMID- 3479887 TI - Intestinal mucosal mast cells in rats with graft-versus-host reaction. PMID- 3479886 TI - The role of Peyer's patches in intestinal humoral immune responses is limited to memory formation. PMID- 3479890 TI - Ego-state therapy for eating disorders. PMID- 3479889 TI - [Malformation syndromes of the oromandibular region and limbs. Observations on microglossia-hypodactyly]. PMID- 3479891 TI - Phase II study of aclarubicin in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Aclarubicin is a new anthracycline antibiotic that produces substantially less cardiotoxicity in animals that does doxorubicin. Based upon prior Phase I and II trials in leukemia, a Phase II study in acute myeloblastic leukemia was developed to assess the response rate and toxicity in previously treated patients. Forty patients received aclarubicin 100 mg/m2 per day X 3 with repeated course on days 14-16 if marrow hypoplasia was not produced. Complete responses were achieved in 27.5% (11/40) with durations of 1.5, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3+, 4, 5+, 32+, 33+, and 34+ months. Toxic effects of this therapy included severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting, mucositis, and diarrhea. No patient developed significant changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction, as measured by radionuclide angiography, or any clinical cardiac symptoms. Alopecia was minimal. Aclarubicin can produce a significant response rate in previously treated patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and should be considered for study in initial therapy. PMID- 3479892 TI - Promyelocyte morphology. Differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia from benign myeloid proliferations. AB - Bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute agranulocytosis or a marked left shift in myeloid maturation can mimic acute leukemia, particularly acute hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia. Bone marrow aspirates from 16 cases of apparent acute promyelocytic leukemia, 4 cases of acute agranulocytosis, and 1 case of a marked myeloid left shift were studied for the presence or absence of differentiating features. Normal or reactive promyelocytes were characterized by prominent paranuclear clear Golgi zones, whereas promyelocytes from true leukemic cases all had heavy azurophilic granules dispersed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Prominent Golgi zones in promyelocytes were associated only with benign myeloid conditions and were not observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia. The presence of prominent clear Golgi zones in promyelocytes is an important feature assisting in the distinction between leukemic and benign promyelocytes. PMID- 3479893 TI - A computerized analysis of the shape and stability of mandibular arch form. AB - To determine whether a particular ideal orthodontic arch form could be identified, the mandibular dental casts of 30 untreated normal cases, 30 Class I nonextraction cases, and 30 Class II nonextraction cases were examined. Following computerized digitizing and the use of a mathematic function called polynomial of the fourth degree, arch forms were generated for each sample and then compared to 17 commercially produced arch forms. Results showed that no particular arch form predominated in any of the three samples. A shape representing a combination of the "Par" and "Vari-Simplex" arch forms approximated to only 50% of the cases in the three samples. The remaining 50% of the cases displayed a wide variety of arch forms. Cases that had changes in arch form during nonextraction treatment frequently were not stable; almost 70% showed significant long-term posttreatment changes. Customizing arch forms appears to be necessary in many cases to obtain optimum long-term stability because of the great individual variability in arch form found in this study. PMID- 3479888 TI - Metabolism of prostaglandin E2 by human HL-60 leukemia cells. AB - The metabolic fate of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined in human HL-60 leukemia cells. Cytosolic fractions obtained from dimethylformamide treated HL-60 granulocytes rapidly convert exogonous PGE2 to 15-keto-PGE2. The strict requirement for NAD coupled with other characteristics of the reaction indicate that the enzyme is the NAD-dependent 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). When intact cells are incubated with 3H-PGE2, both 15-keto-PGE2 and its subsequent metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 are produced. Thus, HL-60 cells express two enzymes of the major prostaglandin catabolic pathway, 15-PGDH and ketoprostaglandin delta 13-reductase. PMID- 3479894 TI - The evaluation of high-speed screen/film combinations in cephalometric radiography. AB - Cephalometric radiographs of a tissue equivalent plastic encased dry skull, each made with eight different screen/film combinations, were compared for usefulness in making orthodontic analyses. The eight screen/film combinations chosen ranged in relative speed from 80 to 600. Only one grid cassette was used, and it was a Par speed screen/film combination. Ten orthodontists identified 13 selected anatomic landmarks and rated the adequacy of their radiographic images. The density of each cephalometric radiograph was analyzed for each anatomic landmark. The results showed a difference in density readings for the various landmarks visualized. The optical density preferences of the 13 anatomic landmarks ranged between 0.87 and 2.09. The study leads to the conclusion that cephalometric radiographs can be taken with screen/film combinations that provide maximum useful information with a minimum dose level to the patient. PMID- 3479895 TI - Skeletal age assessment using the first, second, and third fingers of the hand. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether skeletal age assessments using the first, second, and third fingers of the hand are as valid as those using the entire hand-wrist. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment can be better oriented to the unique physiologic characteristics of the individual if skeletal age is used to assess maturational status. The sample was selected from the files of the Bolton-Brush Foundation and consisted of radiographs of 19 male and 20 female subjects whose yearly hand-wrist radiographs were available covering the age span of 10 to 16 years for girls and 12 to 18 years for male subjects. Two maturity indicators, the sesamoid and the epiphyseal-diaphyseal stages of ossification, were evaluated. Reliability of the method was tested by the t test for paired comparisons and the Pearson product-moment correlation. To determine the validity of the method, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. In addition, the Pearson product-moment correlations between the two methods were performed and the 95% confidence intervals for mean differences for each sex and time were calculated. As indicated by the ANOVA, the two methods differed by a statistically significant amount, with the three-fingers assessments being slightly more advanced than the hand-wrist assessments. Although they differed, for the male subjects, the three-fingers method never deviated from that of the hand-wrist by more than 2.89 months with a minimum deviation of 0.32 months. For the female subjects, the maximum deviation was 4.45 months with a minimum of 1.55 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479896 TI - Three-dimensional finite element analysis for stress in the periodontal tissue by orthodontic forces. AB - This study was designed to investigate the stress levels induced in the periodontal tissue by orthodontic forces using the three-dimensional finite element method. The three-dimensional finite element model of the lower first premolar was constructed on the basis of average anatomic morphology and consisted of 240 isoparametric elements. Principal stresses were determined at the root, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament (PDL). In all loading cases for the buccolingually directed forces, three principal stresses in the PDL were very similar. At the surface of the root and the alveolar bone, large bending stresses acting almost in parallel to the root were generally observed. During tipping movement, stresses nonuniformly varied with a large difference from the cervix to the apex of the root. On the other hand, in case of movement approaching translation, the stresses induced were either tensile or compressive at all occlusogingival levels with some difference of the stress from the cervix to the apex. The pattern and magnitude of stresses in the periodontium from a given magnitude of force were markedly different, depending on the center of rotation of the tooth. PMID- 3479898 TI - Adhesive fixed partial dentures (bridges) as posttreatment retention in missing tooth cases. PMID- 3479897 TI - Clinical application of a method to correct angle ANB for geometric effects. AB - Angle ANB does not provide an adequate assessment of the skeletal discrepancy between the jaws in the sagittal plane. Attempts have been made to avoid the fallacies with the introduction of quadrilateral and Wits analyses. Based on the Wits appraisal of zero, Hussels and Nanda (1984) were able to evaluate and eliminate four geometric factors that affect angle ANB. These four factors are (1) anteroposterior position of point N in relation to points A and B, (2) inclination of the occlusal plane, (3) dental height (a linear measurement between point A and B), and (4) distance between points N and B. The authors derived a mathematic formula to evaluate the influence of all four parameters in terms of angle ANB. This formula reflects the skeletal relationship of a patient when points A and B are on a perpendicular plane in relation to the occlusal plane (Wits = 0 mm). The authors define this to be a Class I skeletal relationship. A comparison of the measured ANB angle with the calculated angle ANB gives a better perspective of the skeletal discrepancy. If the measured angle ANB is larger than the calculated angle, the discrepancy is Class II. On the other hand, if the measured angle ANB is smaller than the calculated angle, the skeletal relation is Class III. This method of assessing the skeletal sagittal position of the jaws in relation to each other was applied to 508 patients. The authors showed that the geometric influence of the four factors indeed conceals the true skeletal relations when angle ANB is used without any correction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3479899 TI - Acute leukemia following ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3479901 TI - Inheritance of human-erythrocyte Gerbich blood group antigens. AB - The blood group-antigenic determinant Gerbich was first described greater than 25 years ago, but its mode of inheritance has not been established. We performed protein immunoblotting by means of anti-beta sialoglycoprotein (SGP) and anti gamma SGP reagents. The anti-beta SGP was a monoclonal antibody that reacts with normal beta SGP and with the abnormal beta-related SGPs associated with Gerbich and Yus types of Ge-negative red cells. In the families studied, we have shown that the products of the Ge alleles are inherited in an autosomal codominant manner. PMID- 3479900 TI - Segregation of all four major fibrillar collagen genes in the Marfan syndrome. AB - Linkage markers at or close to the genes encoding the three major fibrillar collagens were used to analyze the segregation of these loci in six pedigrees with dominantly inherited Marfan syndrome. Four pedigrees were discordant at one of the Type I collagen loci (COL1A2), and, of these, two were discordant at the other Type I locus (COL1A1). The Marfan syndrome also segregated independently of the structural loci for Type II and Type III collagen in these two families. This is evidence against the Marfan syndrome being, in general, due to mutations in the major fibrillar collagen genes. PMID- 3479903 TI - Gallium scan in the follow-up of sarcoid granulomatous nephritis. PMID- 3479902 TI - Studies of cystic fibrosis in Hutterite families by using linked DNA probes. AB - Several multigenerational S-leut Hutterite families with cystic fibrosis (CF) were ascertained. Linkage studies with DNA marker loci MET and pJ3.11 (D7S8) were performed to determine whether (1) the CF gene in this inbred population is linked to DNA markers on chromosome 7, as it is in outbred populations of European origins, and (2) ancestral origin(s) of the CF gene could be determined. Our results indicate that the CF gene in Hutterite families segregates with chromosome 7 markers, identified by probes metH and pJ3.11. Thus, the CF mutation in Hutterites is likely to be either at the same locus as or at one closely linked to that reported in outbred populations. Heterozygous carriers could be distinguished from normal homozygous sibs of affected individuals. In the families studied, three different chromosome 7 haplotypes carried the CF mutation, raising the possibility that the CF gene may have been introduced into this population by as many as three different ancestors. PMID- 3479905 TI - Surface interactions on hydrogel extended wear contact lenses: microflora and microfauna. AB - The microbial flora and fauna of 25 high water content nonionic "soft" contact lenses worn by patients on an extended wear basis, 4 hand-cleaned patient-worn lenses, and 4 improperly maintained lenses were compared. Almost all the patient worn lenses (24 of 25) were free of viable microorganisms, whereas all the hand cleaned lenses (4 of 4) were contaminated with different microorganisms. This study showed that hand contact is a major source of microbial contamination of a lens and that usually the hand-transported microorganisms do not survive permanently on the lens in a healthy, normal eye. Improperly maintained lenses demonstrated pathogenic microbial associations. Proof of the eye's potent antimicrobial environment was demonstrated. Thus, microorganism-lens associations are largely due to lens handling and inappropriate maintenance regimens. Typically there are few microorganisms on an extended wear soft lens while it is being worn. PMID- 3479904 TI - Metastasis of primary osteogenic sarcoma to the eyelid. PMID- 3479906 TI - Strategies for minimizing the ocular effects of extended contact lens wear--a statistical analysis. AB - In a study reported recently, the effects of long-term extended wear of soft contact lenses on the human cornea were found to include epithelial thinning, a reduction in epithelial oxygen uptake, induction of epithelial microcysts, stromal thinning, and an increase in endothelial polymegathism. A multiple regression analysis was performed on data from this study to identify lens or patient characteristics associated with these effects. Although generalization to the population of conclusions based on associations identified using a small sample should be treated with caution, results from this analysis suggest that lens-induced effects on the cornea may be minimized by fitting lenses that are thinner and more mobile, and by encouraging more frequent lens removal and replacement. Patients with thinner corneas and with high endothelial cell density and low polymegathism before commencing lens wear tended to show fewer effects from extended lens wear. PMID- 3479907 TI - Distribution of HLA antigens in Kotas and Badagas of the Nilgiri Hills, South India. AB - Blood samples from 103 Kotas and 58 Badagas residing in the Nilgiri Hills, South India, were examined for HLA-A and -B antigen profiles. The Kota group was characterized by fairly high frequencies of A2 and B7 antigens as well as the haplotype A2-B7. The frequencies of Aw19, A28, and Bw22 were found to be higher in Badagas than in Kotas. The results are compared with the literature available on other Indian populations. PMID- 3479909 TI - Cholinergic vasodilation of intracerebral arterioles in rats. AB - Much morphological and physiological evidence indicates that cholinergic mechanisms play a significant role in the control of cerebral blood flow. Despite in situ data suggesting that an intrinsic cholinergic mechanism produces vasodilation in the intracerebral microcirculation, there is no direct information on the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on intracerebral arterioles. We investigated cholinergic mechanisms in isolated perfused intracerebral arterioles from pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. In arterioles with resting diameters of 46.8 +/- 6.6 microns (mean +/- SE) ACh produced no significant dilation at pH 7.30. At pH 7.60, however, a significant dose dependent dilation to a maximum of 119.0 +/- 1.0% of control diameter was observed. Carbachol, a long-acting cholinergic agonist, similarly failed to dilate vessels at pH 7.30 but significantly dilated vessels at pH 7.60. Prostaglandin F2 alpha produced a maximum contraction to 68.3 +/- 2.7% of control diameter (n = 8). ACh at concentrations of 10(-4) and 2 X 10(-4) M induced a significant dilation of this prostaglandin-induced contraction. In vessels similarly preconstricted with serotonin, 10(-4) M ACh produced significant dilation. Atropine, having no effect on vessel diameter when administered alone, blocked cholinergic vasodilation of intracerebral arterioles at pH 7.60. Attempts at endothelial removal, although successful in eliminating endothelial cells from the preparation, significantly impaired smooth muscle contractility. ACh has no significant effect on the spontaneous cerebrovascular tone in this preparation, but in vessels preconstricted by a variety of means it produced vasodilation mediated by atropine sensitive receptors. PMID- 3479908 TI - Induction of an increase in mitochondrial matrix enzymes in muscle of iron deficient rats. AB - Young rats maintained on an iron-deficient diet developed severe anemia and had large decreases in the levels of the iron-containing flavoproteins and cytochromes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in skeletal muscle. In contrast, the levels of a number of mitochondrial matrix marker enzymes, including citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, increased in red skeletal muscle but not in white muscle. Phosphocreatine concentration was decreased and inorganic phosphate concentration was increased in soleus muscle frozen in situ. We hypothesize that the increase in mitochondrial matrix enzymes reflects a stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis in posture-maintaining and weight-bearing red muscle fibers in severely iron deficient rats. It is our working hypothesis that this stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis arises from mild activity of the red fibers and is due to the same perturbation in cellular homeostasis that is normally caused by vigorous exercise or hypoxia. In iron deficiency, the stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis can induce an increase in only those enzymes not prevented from increasing by iron deficiency, resulting in formation of mitochondria of grossly abnormal composition. PMID- 3479910 TI - Detection of prostaglandins by high-performance liquid chromatography after conversion to p-(9-anthroyloxy)phenacyl esters. AB - p-(9-Anthroyloxy)phenacyl bromide (panacyl bromide) undergoes rapid reaction with the carboxyl group of prostaglandins in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine in acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (4:1). The resulting prostaglandin panacyl esters are strongly uv absorbing with a lambda max at 253 nm and an epsilon of 174,280 in acetonitrile. The lower limit of detection of prostaglandins was approximately 200 pg with uv detection (254 nm) and about 30 pg with fluorescent detection (exitation 253 and emission 445 nm) using normal-phase HPLC. The reactivity of panacyl bromide with 23 prostaglandins as well as prostaglandins released by human lung tissues was investigated. PMID- 3479912 TI - A possibility of unbiased sex preselection in humans by enrichment of X or Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa. AB - Human sex ratio is generally 1.06. The motility selected population of spermatozoa are usually Y chromosome rich. It is therefore easier to influence selected male births. Social and psychologic factors and economic needs intensified by high technology may cause further imbalance in the sex-ratio, creating a demand for techniques to influence sex selection. Such techniques may also help to handle sex linked defects. An examination of several studies on the sex chromosome distribution of human spermatozoa, based on HOP method, showed a preponderance of either X or Y bearing male pronuclei, depending on certain experimental conditions, indicating a technical possibility of influencing sex in an unbiased way. PMID- 3479911 TI - Effect of cadmium on 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in toad testis. AB - The enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) has been shown to exist biochemically and histochemically in the toad testis. A single injection of cadmium chloride (0.5 mg/toad) resulted 7 days later in reduced 17 beta-HSD activity in the testis and decreased serum testosterone with an increase in thumb pad glycogen content. It is concluded that cadmium induced changes lead to inhibition of androgen synthesis in the toad testis. PMID- 3479913 TI - Nitrous oxide-chloral hydrate pediatric sedation. PMID- 3479914 TI - Potential use of Buspirone in treatment of dental anxiety. PMID- 3479915 TI - Cardiopulmonary parameters during meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine sedation for pediatric dentistry. AB - Twenty pediatric patients were sedated with a meperidine, Promethazine and chlorpromazine drug combination prior to dental rehabilitation. Heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded throughout the procedures, as well as level of patient cooperation. There were no statistically significant changes in either heart rate or blood pressure. Forty-seven percent of subjects treated experienced a decline in oxygen hemoglobin saturation. Fifty percent of the patients were well sedated and cooperative, with another forty-five precent exhibiting moderate sedation but an increased incidence of behavioral management difficulties. All procedures were completed on 95% of patients. One case (5%) was aborted because of uncontrollable patient behavior following initiation of dental procedures. PMID- 3479917 TI - A clinical trial in oral surgery of the analgesic efficacy of a suprofen/codeine combination. AB - Suprofen as well as codeine have been shown to be effective analgesics. In this study, a 200-mg suprofen/60-mg codeine dose is scored for analgesic efficacy and safety compared to suprofen (200 mg), codeine (60 mg), and placebo. One hundred sixty-five healthy, adult patients were asked to rate degree of pain experienced over a six-hour period after medication. The combination treatment was found to offer maximum pain relief. Dentists should be aware that flank pain and renal function abnormalities have been reported in postmarketing surveillance. PMID- 3479916 TI - Pancuronium rapid induction sequence. AB - Succinylcholine is traditionally used as the muscle relaxant of choice for rapid induction sequence intubation. There are, however, many absolute and relative contraindications for the use of succinylcholine necessitating the need for an alternative muscle relaxant. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of pancuronium bromide for muscle relaxation in the rapid induction sequence in comparison to succinylcholine. A double-blind study was undertaken in 90 patients divided into two groups: One group was intubated at 60 seconds and the other at 90 seconds. Each group was divided into four subgroups by random selection and received of the following regimens: (a) succinylcholine, 1.5 mg/kg preceded by 3 mg of d-tubocurarine; (b) pancuronium bromide, 0.1 mg/kg; (c) pancuronium bromide, 0.125 mg/kg; and (d) pancuronium bromide, 0.15 mg/kg as relaxants in rapid sequence intubation. A rapid sequence intubation was performed with each intubation by a staff member or experienced house officer. Pre- and postinduction blood pressure and heart rate were taken. Postinduction blood gases were taken. The times to completion of intubation were recorded. Cord position, ease of intubation and overall relaxation were evaluated. The results indicate that in experienced hands pancuronium bromide in a dose of 0.1-0.15 mg/kg is as an effective muscle relaxant for rapid induction sequence intubation as is succinylcholine. It is an acceptable alternative when succinylcholine is contraindicated. Intubating conditions are best 90 seconds after the administration of pancuronium bromide. PMID- 3479918 TI - A comparison of the periodontal ligament injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and saline in human mandibular premolars. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate, with the electric pulp tester, the anesthetic efficacy of the periodontal ligament injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and saline in human mandibular premolars. The periodontal ligament injection using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was found to be an effective technique for anesthetizing mandibular first premolars. However, the duration of profound pulpal anesthesia was approximately 10 minutes. The periodontal ligament injection using sterile saline was not an effective technique for anesthesia. Teeth mesial and distal to the injected tooth may also become anesthetized with this injection technique. The initial needle penetration and injection of the anesthetic solution in clinically healthy teeth were only mildly discomforting. No increase in tooth mobility was observed 45 minutes after the periodontal ligament injection. No clinically observable pulpal or periodontal damage was seen at 3 weeks after the injection. PMID- 3479920 TI - Evaluation and management of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics in pediatric dentistry. AB - The clinical histories of four children with a history of adverse reactions to local anesthesia and who required dental treatment are reviewed retrospectively. The children described had been referred to the allergy unit for evaluation between 1984 and 1985 and are representative of the dilemma of cases of suspected hypersensitivity to local anesthetics. The first two cases had been previously treated without the use of regional anesthesia because of a family history of atopic reactions as well as equivocal skin testing to local anesthetic. The third child had experienced bizarre adverse reactions to a variety of foods and detergents erroneously interpreted as possible deterrents to the use of local anesthetics. All four children were challenged with progressively increasing concentrations of lidocaine according to a described protocol. In three cases no reaction was observed and dental procedures were performed without difficulty using lidocaine for local anesthetics. A history of bronchoconstriction in the fourth child and the contradictory results of skin tests to local anesthetics, prompted the administration of pretreatment medication aimed at preventing bronchial hyperactivity related to dental anesthesia. PMID- 3479919 TI - Absorption of bupivacaine after topical application to the oropharynx. AB - Bupivacaine in dosages of 20, 40, 60, or 80 mg was applied by spray to the oropharynx of 24 volunteers. Blood levels of bupivacaine were detectable at 10 minutes, peaked at 60-90 minutes, and were still measurable at 150 minutes after administration. The maximum bupivacaine plasma level recorded in any volunteer was 0.96 -g/mL (after 80 mg). Increase in pulse rate and decrease in systolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with increasing bupivacaine dosage. No clinical signs or symptoms of drug toxicity were observed in any subject. PMID- 3479921 TI - A nasal mask for the Chinese (Rodrigo-Leung mask). AB - For people of Chinese descent, facial configuration differs from that of other Asians as well as Caucasians, and the standard nasal masks used in dentistry do not fit their faces well. A simple, easily sterilizable nasal mask has been developed for this purpose and is adaptable to existing nitrous oxide machines. PMID- 3479923 TI - Nail pigmentation in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) PMID- 3479922 TI - Roles of mucosal mast cells in intestinal cell-mediated immunity. AB - Mucosal mast cells in rats with GvHR have been studied by cell counts, tissue levels of the specific protease RMCPII, and, as an index of MMC activation, serum RMCPII. In semi-allogeneic GvHR without host irradiation, GvHR produced modest increases in these three indices. In contrast, irradiation profoundly depleted MMC even though enteropathy was more severe than in non-irradiated hosts. We suggest that enteropathy is not dependent on the presence of MMC. In rats given cyclosporin A, lesions of GvHR were mild and numbers of MMC were low. PMID- 3479924 TI - Myasthenia gravis: biology and treatment. PMID- 3479925 TI - Stabilization of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions: analysis by specific antibodies. PMID- 3479926 TI - Complement-mediated muscle damage produced by myasthenic sera. PMID- 3479927 TI - Neural regulation of acetylcholine receptor gene expression. PMID- 3479928 TI - Complement-fixing antiperipheral myelin antibodies and C9 neoantigen in serum of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome: quantitation, kinetics, and clinical correlation. PMID- 3479930 TI - A congenital myasthenic disorder with paucity of secondary synaptic clefts: deficiency and altered distribution of acetylcholine receptors. AB - Congenital myasthenia (CM) constitutes a heterogeneous group of disorders with different underlying defects. The authors investigated a case of CM, presenting with congenital contractures. Endplate studies in the first year of life showed a developmental disorder of postsynaptic membranes. Clinical follow-up demonstrated a beneficial effect of pyridostigmine, resulting in normal motor development. Results of a second biopsy at age 4 are reported in this paper. Microelectrode study showed small Mepp amplitudes, which returned to nearly normal in the presence of neostigmine. In the electronmicroscope the postsynaptic membranes showed a paucity of infoldings, as in the first biopsy. These membranes showed only scanty, patchy enhancement with two different methods for localization of AChR. The extrajunctional membranes showed evidence of local presence of AChR. Our results show a developmental disorder of postsynaptic membranes with a deficiency and altered distribution of AChRs. PMID- 3479929 TI - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome IgG: early morphologic effects and immunolocalization at the motor endplate. PMID- 3479931 TI - Antibody-mediated membrane abnormalities in polymyositis: reduction of acetylcholine receptors by immunoglobulin. PMID- 3479932 TI - The prevalence of electrophysiological and immunological abnormalities in asymptomatic relatives of patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3479934 TI - The course of myasthenia gravis in patients treated with corticosteroids, azathioprine, and plasmapheresis. PMID- 3479933 TI - Anti-acetylcholine antibodies and the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. AB - Using an ELISA system, antibodies recognizing conjugated acetylcholine (ACh) were detected in sera of patients suffering from myasthenia gravis. The mean antibody level was three times higher in sera from myasthenic than from control patients. No correlation was found between anti-ACh antibody levels and anti-ACh receptor (AChR) titer. Also, the anti-ACh antibody titers were independent of sex and age of patients. Competition experiments demonstrated that the most immunoreactive compounds were choline-glutaryl-bovine serum albumin (BSA) and choline-succinyl BSA. Antibodies present in the sera of myasthenic patients recognized an antigenic determinant mimicking conjugated ACh. The antibody affinity and specificity were sufficiently high for the detection of ACh in locust brain. PMID- 3479935 TI - Clinical correlations of antibodies that bind, block, or modulate human acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis. AB - Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) binding and AChR modulating antibodies were found with approximately the same frequency (86%) in 349 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the total yield of positive serological results was significantly improved (90%) by assaying AChR modulating antibodies when AChR binding antibodies were not detected, because in 27 patients (8%) only one of the two tests was positive. The immunoprecipitation test for AChR blocking antibodies yielded fewer positive results (52%), but there was a significant correlation between the degree of AChR blockade and generalization of muscle weakness. In no patient was this the only positive test, because the test for AChR modulating antibodies in this study detected both AChR blocking and modulating antibodies. Human muscle AChR was used as antigen in all tests. False positive results were rare and were attributed to unexplained antibodies to 125I-alpha-Bgt (AChR binding antibody assay) and recent general anesthesia using muscle relaxants (AChR blocking and AChR modulating antibody assays). Unexplained positive results, documented previously in 5% of patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), were found in this study in two of 22 patients with ALS, but in none of 427 patients with miscellaneous neurological diseases. Patients with severe generalized MG and/or thymoma tended to have higher titers of AChR binding antibodies and greater AChR modulating antibody activity. However, some patients with severe muscle weakness had low titers of antibodies, and some patients in remission or with only ocular manifestations had high titers. These seemingly paradoxical results reflect heterogeneity in the specificities, affinities, and isotypes of anti-AChR antibodies. To effect pathogenicity, antibodies must have access in vivo to extracellular antigenic sites on the AChR. One would anticipate that antibodies with greatest pathophysiological potential would be of an IgG with greatest pathophysiological potential would be of an IgG subclass that activates complement, or of a specificity that competes for acetylcholine's binding site on the receptor or readily cross-links two AChR molecules to trigger receptor modulation (e.g., by binding to sites on the duplicated alpha-subunit). In patients with suspected MG who lack serological evidence of anti-AChR antibodies, motor endplate biopsy is required for microelectrophysiological, immunochemical, and ultrastructural studies to establish with certainty whether or not the condition is acquired MG. PMID- 3479936 TI - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis: binding to membrane bound Torpedo AChR. PMID- 3479937 TI - Therapy in myasthenia gravis: introduction. PMID- 3479938 TI - Long-term corticosteroid treatment of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3479939 TI - Plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3479940 TI - Immunosuppressive drugs: azathioprine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. AB - Azathioprine may be tried for treatment of severe myasthenia gravis, in a dose of 2 mg/kg BW. With careful monitoring the side reactions may be controlled. The therapeutic response will occur after a time delay of 4-8 months. About one-third of patients with type II MG (severe, late onset, HLA B8-) will proceed to a complete but azathioprine-dependent remission, and the remaining two-thirds to a marked improvement. In type I MG (early onset, HLA B8+) azathioprine is less effective but will help keep down the need for corticosteroids or plasmapheresis. PMID- 3479941 TI - Thymectomy as primary therapy in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3479942 TI - Some speculations on the origins of autoantibodies. PMID- 3479943 TI - The gene for human alpha-lactalbumin is assigned to chromosome 12q13. AB - A cDNA clone complementary to the mRNA encoding human alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) has been used as a probe in the analysis of DNA from panels of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. The presence of the ALA gene correlates with the presence of chromosome 12. In situ hybridization localizes the ALA gene to 12q13. PMID- 3479944 TI - Localization of PEPD to the long arm of chromosome 19. AB - A panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids containing different regions of chromosome 19 has been used to obtain a regional localization for peptidase D. The results assign PEPD to the long arm of chromosome 19, in the region cen-q13.2 PMID- 3479945 TI - Adrenaline-induced anorexia acts on tail-pinch feeding in the rat. AB - Non-injurious tail-pinching of rats induced much more milk intake than water intake, whether the fluids were offered singly or in a choice. In both the single item and choice situations i.p. injection of adrenaline in doses of 2.5 to 15 micrograms/100 g elicited a marked, dose-related inhibition of tail-pinch-induced (TPI) milk intake, but had no consistent effect on the small amount of TPI water intake. The same doses of adrenaline injected i.m. has no inhibitory effect on TPI milk intake; on the contrary, they elicited increases (although these were not statistically significant). Thus, the effects of adrenaline (probably of hepatic origin because they are produced only by i.p. injections) which inhibit feeding caused by food deprivation are also capable of inhibiting non-homeostatic feeding induced by tail-pinch in a satiated rat. PMID- 3479946 TI - Anorexia elicited by different catecholamines in rats. AB - Adrenaline (A) produces a strong anorexic effect, possibly by acting on hepatic receptors (nerve endings on hepatocytes). To study whether this is mediated by alpha- or beta-adrenergic mechanisms, or both, the anorexigenic effects of intraperitoneal injections of A, noradrenaline (NA) and isoproterenol (I) were studied under four different experimental conditions: (I) at the beginning of the dark period in rats fed ad libitum, or (II) on a 24 h-feeding/24 h-fasting schedule; (III) during the light period, under the same feeding schedule; (IV) after an acute 24 h fast. In condition I, the three catecholamines produced a marked decrease in feeding, slightly larger for A. In condition II (dark), they elicited a decrease in food intake about double that in condition III (light), their relative potencies also differed: A greater than I greater than NA in II and A greater than I = NA in III. In IV, the same relative potencies were obtained as in III. A mixture of half-doses of NA and I had the same effect in III and IV as either NA or I alone, suggesting that the alpha and beta effects are additive. However, even a mixture of the full doses of NA and I was not as effective as A in condition IV. This suggests that A is more potent than NA or I at stimulating hepatic adrenergic receptors that cannot be classified as either alpha or beta. PMID- 3479947 TI - Homologous regulation of prostaglandin E2 receptors in rat renal medulla. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) receptors are present on enzymatically dissociated cells from the rat renal medulla and are subject to homologous regulation both in vivo and in vitro. One hour after injection of 100 micrograms of 16,16'-dimethyl-PGE2, the number of PGE2 binding sites on renal cells declines to 40% of controls. In vitro exposure of renal cells to PGE2 or dimethyl-PGE2 also results in a time- and concentration-dependent "down" regulation of prostaglandin receptors. In the absence of indomethacin in the incubation medium, endogenously synthesized prostaglandins mediate a similar time-dependent loss of cell-associated receptors. This loss is reversible since, after agonist removal and reincubation of the cells at 37 degrees C, there is a rapid (within 15 min) reappearance of PGE2 receptors (to 60-93% of controls). Reappearance occurs whether down regulation is induced in vitro by endogenously synthesized prostaglandins, added PGE2 or dimethyl-PGE2, or in vivo after injection of dimethyl-PGE2. Cycloheximide does not affect down regulation but significantly prevents subsequent recovery of the receptors. In contrast, neither colchicine nor chloroquine influences homologous regulation of renal prostaglandin receptors. These results document an agonist-induced reversible cycling of renal prostaglandin receptors which may determine the effectiveness of prostaglandin action in normal and pathologic states. PMID- 3479949 TI - [Technic of labor induction]. PMID- 3479948 TI - Precocious and premature puberty associated with treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Early puberty in 28 children (23 girls, five boys) treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at a mean age of 4.0 years (range 1.4-7.8) is described. All but one had received prophylactic cranial irradiation (1800-2400 cGy) and three children had received additional cranial or craniospinal irradiation as treatment for relapse of their leukaemia. Mean age for the onset of puberty was 8.8 (SD 0.8) years in the girls and 9.3 (0.8) years in the boys; this is greater than two standard deviations from the mean for normal girls and boys. Five children (three girls, two boys) had precocious puberty. The onset of puberty occurred at greater than two standard deviations from the mean for normal girls and boys in 14(13%) girls and 4(3%) boys treated at less than eight years of age between 1970 and 1985. In a group of 55 girls treated for ALL who had survived in first remission for six years or more from diagnosis, there was a relation between young age at onset of treatment and early menarche. We suggest that premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis occurs as a consequence of hypothalamic dysfunction due to cranial irradiation. Precocious and premature puberty in children treated for ALL may be an important factor in contributing to short stature. PMID- 3479950 TI - [Determination of the S-phase fraction of myeloid-determined stem cells (CFU-GM) using the cytosine arabinoside suicide technic in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission following polychemotherapy]. AB - S-phase fraction of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFU-GM) was assessed by cytosine arabinoside suicide technique in five normal volunteers and eight patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia in complete remission after the cessation of polychemotherapy. An increased proliferation of CFU-GM (S-phase fraction: 55-80%) was found in bone marrow of patient in complete remission up to the 27th day after polychemotherapy. Reduction of this increased proliferation was seen at day 30 after the cessation of polychemotherapy (S-phase fraction: 22 and 33%). Because of increased proliferation of CFU-GM in the early phase after polychemotherapy cytostatic drugs of the antimetabolite-type seem to be unsuitable for purging bone marrow in remission. PMID- 3479951 TI - Osteosarcoma and other neoplasms of bone. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor therapy. AB - Fourteen patients with malignant tumors of bone (ten osteogenic sarcomas, one Ewing's tumor, one giant-cell tumor, two non-Hodgkin's lymphomas), plus one patient with a synovial cell sarcoma, who had been treated by standard extremity conserving chemotherapy regimens, were examined before treatment by means of localized phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thirteen (86%) of 15 examinations were successful, and 100% of successful examinations showed metabolic abnormality in the tumor. Tumors contained excess adenosine triphosphate and inorganic phosphate, an unusual peak of phosphomonoester, consistent with excessive glycolysis in tumors. The intratumor pH was normal in the 12 bone tumors, but acidic in the single soft-tissue sarcoma (pH 6.8). Metabolic response was observed in all seven patients monitored during chemotherapy, with the earliest examinations being performed two days after first treatment. An increase in the inorganic phosphate level, loss of adenosine triphosphate, and loss of phosphomonoester indicated tumor response; loss of all abnormal metabolites (two of seven patients) indicated regression of the tumor. Tumor relapse was accompanied by reappearance of abnormalities in the magnetic resonance spectrum. Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a unique means of determining the early response of these malignant tumors to therapy as well as predicting their relapse. PMID- 3479952 TI - Relationship between mouth-opening force and facial skeletal dimensions in human females. AB - Maximum (MOF) and average (AOF) isometric mouth-opening forces were measured with an extra-oral gnathodynamometer in 34 females. Mean MOF and AOF with the teeth in centric relation were respectively 99.6 +/- 22.2 and 89.0 +/- 19.4 N with significant relationships between both MOF and AOF and body mass. Analysis of cephalometric measurements from 22 of the subjects revealed significant relationships between opening force (OF) and certain facial dimensions. In particular, larger OF were associated with features characteristic of an angular facial profile, viz long mandibular base, short mandibular body, large gonial angle and large angle NS-ML. PMID- 3479953 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of types I and III collagen and fibronectin in the dentine of carious human teeth. AB - Reparative dentine formed as a response to caries was mostly type I collagen similar to that of normal dentine. The predentine related to reparative dentine reacted positively with antisera to types I and III collagen and to fibronectin. Normal odontoblasts and their processes reacted positively both with types I and III collagen antibodies. Fibronectin was related to odontoblasts and their processes pericellularly. Odontoblasts appeared not to lose totally their developmental ability to synthesize type III-like molecules after maturation. Pulp fibroblasts reacted positively both with types I and III antibodies as well as antifibronectin. The cell-free and cell-rich zones revealed a dense layer of fibres reacting positively with type III collagen and fibronectin antibodies. The width of these zones were reduced in relation to reparative dentine. PMID- 3479954 TI - An in-vitro study of enamel protein degradation in developing bovine enamel. AB - An immature enamel fraction, as far as possible without cells, was prepared from fetal bovine molars, using aqueous-density fractionation. Portions were incubated at 37 degrees C with or without protease inhibitors. Amelogenins and enamelins were then examined for their molecular weight using HPLC-gel permeation. Degradation of amelogenins occurred rapidly and appeared to be related to proteolytic activity, probably localized extra-cellularly. Enamelins remained almost stable over the time intervals used. PMID- 3479955 TI - Diffusion of fluorides in human dental enamel in vitro. AB - The diffusion of fluoride (F) from sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, and sodium monoflurophosphate solutions (containing 0.1 per cent F in physiological saline) was studied using a two-chamber diffusion cell separated by enamel membrane. The diffusion coefficient, D in cm2s-1, of F was determined under steady-state conditions over 3 weeks. The D value of F for NaF was significantly higher than for Na2SiF6 and Na2PO3F (p less than 0.001; unpaired t-test). F for acidic Na2SiF6 diffused more rapidly than for Na2PO3F (p less than or equal to 0.001), presumably as HF molecule. Despite the F in the tested solutions being in different forms, i.e. simple ion in NaF or mainly complex ions as in Na2SiF6 and Na2PO3F, the diffusivity of the F in enamel for these compounds was of the same order of magnitude (D = 10(-9)cm2s-1). The findings support the concept that enamel can behave as an ion-selective membrane with certain molecular-sieve effects. PMID- 3479957 TI - The influence of moderate reduction in dietary sodium on human salivary sodium concentration. AB - Twenty-four healthy subjects were placed for 12-13 weeks on diets that reduced average sodium intake from 145 to 74 m-equiv. Na+/day as determined by multiple 24-h urine collections before and during the diet. Whole-mouth resting and stimulated saliva was collected and analysed for flow rate and sodium concentration several times before and during the low-sodium period. Sodium restriction did not influence salivary flow rates but salivary sodium levels fell 25 per cent for resting and 17 per cent for stimulated saliva. Thus moderate reductions in sodium intake are accompanied by significantly lower salivary sodium levels. PMID- 3479956 TI - Stimulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan production by phenytoin 5,5 diphenylhydantoin in monolayer cultures of mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic chick sternae. AB - Cultures grown with or without phenytoin (PHT) at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml from the fifth to the eighth day after plating were labelled with [14C]-proline (0.2 microCi/ml) from the sixth to eighth day. Collagenase digestion indicated that collagen content increased approx. 2-fold after PHT exposure. Increases in sulphated glycosaminoglycan product in response to PHT were approx. 1.5-fold; PHT also stimulated protein production. Both actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked incorporation of [3H]-leucine, [3H]-proline, and H2(35)SO4 approx. 90 per cent with or without PHT. Continuous sucrose density gradient fractionation indicated that PHT produced quantitative but not qualitative changes in cellular RNA. PMID- 3479958 TI - The growth of bacteria and the production of exoglycosidic enzymes in the dental plaque of macaque monkeys. AB - The rate of growth of the predominant bacterial strains of plaque from the developmental grooves of first deciduous molar teeth was determined. Median doubling times were 3.32, 3.45, 2.88 and 4.54 h for streptococci, lactobacilli, actinomyces and Neisseria mucosa respectively. Withdrawal of dietary food did not greatly influence the number of bacteria found in the grooves 18 h after they had been cleaned when compared to the number in fed monkeys; exceptions were significant increases in Streptococcus mitior and N. mucosa. Addition of 0.5 per cent (w/v) glucose to the drinking water of fasted monkeys also did not influence the size of this bacterial population 18 h after cleaning, so bacteria growing in cleaned grooves must gain a major part of their nutritional needs from their immediate environment, most likely salivary constituents. The ability of oral bacteria to use the oligosaccharide side-chains of salivary glycoproteins was then explored. Exoglycosidases for the preferred anomeric linkages of the principal monosaccharide units of salivary glycoproteins were produced both by oral bacteria in vitro and by dental plaque in vivo. Thus plaque flora has the potential to degrade glycoproteins and this may explain how bacteria in the grooves grow in the absence of dietary food. PMID- 3479959 TI - Microradiography and electron-microprobe analysis of some caries-like lesions of enamel prepared in vitro in human teeth. AB - Six lesions were made on the buccal surfaces of premolars. The volume percentage of mineral was determined as a function of depth by microradiography. Using the electron microprobe, the signals for Ca, Na, Mg, P and Cl were recorded as a function of depth both through the lesions and through the adjacent sound enamel. In the demineralized parts, there was a preferential loss of Na and a preferential retention of chloride. In the surface layers, the Na:Ca and Cl:Ca ratios were almost the same as in the adjacent sound enamel, indicating that the surface layers were not formed by gross dissolution of the original mineral followed by gross reprecipitation of another, less-soluble calcium phosphate, but remained probably because their microcrystals were protected by a thin layer of precipitated fluorapatite or fluoridated hydroxyapatite. The same had been found for surface layers in natural caries. PMID- 3479960 TI - Jaw movements and patterns of mandibular bone strain during mastication in the monkey Macaca fascicularis. AB - Small amalgam fillings were placed in maxillary and mandibular second molar and canine teeth for cine-radiographic analysis. The rosette strain gauges were bonded bilaterally to mandibular cortical bone below the second or third molars. The monkeys were placed in a restraining chair that did not restrict normal head, neck or jaw movements; they were fed various foods and the bone-strain data recorded. Simultaneous jaw movements were recorded with cine-radiographic apparatus synchronized with the bone-strain recordings. During vigorous mastication, the transition between fast close and the power stroke was correlated with a sharp increase in masticatory force. In most instances, the jaws were maximally-loaded prior to maximum intercuspation, i.e. during the buccal phase (phase I) of occlusion. The macaques swallowed frequently throughout a chewing sequence and these swallows were intercalated into the chewing cycle toward the end of the power stroke. Such swallows had little effect on the magnitude or direction of peak principal strains during the power stroke. Bone strain data suggested that unloading patterns during the power stroke of mastication were largely a function of the relaxation time of the jaw adductors. The period from 100 per cent peak strain to 50 per cent peak strain during unloading closely approximated to the half-relaxation time of the whole adductor jaw muscles. PMID- 3479961 TI - Lysis of Streptococcus sanguis by an extracellular enzyme from the bacterium Streptococcus mutans from human dental plaque. AB - The ability of crude extracellular enzyme produced by the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans AL7-1 to lyse living cells of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, 10557 and 10558 was examined. This enzyme showed lytic activity of living cells and cell walls of only Strep. sanguis ATCC 10558 strain and severed at random the long chains of this strain of living cells. Early log phase cells of this strain were more sensitive to this lytic enzyme than were late-log phase cells. In view of these results, the relationship between this lytic enzyme from Strep. mutans and a decrease in the number of serotype III strains of Strep. sanguis in dental plaque is discussed. PMID- 3479962 TI - The fine structure of capillaries in the pulps of impacted human teeth. AB - Pulps derived from persons aged 33-65 years. The majority of the capillaries were non-fenestrated. Several cytoplasmic vesicles were observed close to the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. Probably these vesicles are primarily responsible for substrate transport. There may be structural changes associated with age in the capillaries of the human dental pulp. PMID- 3479963 TI - Tooth wear and occlusal sounds. Comparative study of restorative and orthodontic indices. Preliminary report. PMID- 3479964 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis--oro-facial manifestations. Case report. PMID- 3479965 TI - Three-dimensional measurements of the occlusal surfaces of the upper molars in Australian aboriginals. PMID- 3479966 TI - Cavity design for Class IV composite resin restorations--a systematic approach. PMID- 3479967 TI - Foreign bodies and gingival lesions. PMID- 3479968 TI - Caries experience of aboriginal children in the Orana region of New South Wales. PMID- 3479969 TI - Controversies in dentistry. PMID- 3479970 TI - The dental workforce. PMID- 3479971 TI - Mandibular ankylosis. PMID- 3479972 TI - Induction of farrowing in sows with prostaglandin F2-alpha, alone or in combination with a parasympathomimetic or oxytocic. PMID- 3479973 TI - A model of the anisotropic distribution of microvascular volume in the periodontal ligament of the mouse mandibular molar. PMID- 3479974 TI - Role theory. PMID- 3479976 TI - The use of laser holograms in study model storage. PMID- 3479975 TI - Exercises in the localisation of unerupted teeth. PMID- 3479977 TI - Caution in the extrapolation of biomechanical concepts. PMID- 3479978 TI - The surgical exposure of teeth--simplest, safest and best? PMID- 3479979 TI - Purification and characterization of the heat-stable serine proteinase from Thermomonospora fusca YX. AB - The proteinase secreted from Thermomonospora fusca YX grown on cellulose was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and cation-exchange chromatography. The isolated proteinase readily hydrolysed several proteins and demonstrated activity towards casein from 35 to 95 degrees C (at pH 8.0) with maximum activity at 80 degrees C. It exhibited broad pH and ionic-strength optima centered at pH 9.0 and 0.2 M-NaCl respectively, and it retained high activity in the presence of 2% (w/v) SDS, 20 mM-dithiothreitol and 1.0 M-NaCl. The proteinase, which was fully inhibited by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, had an Mr of 14,500 and an isoelectric point at 9.21. A measurement of proteinase thermal stability demonstrated a T50% (15 min) of 85 degrees C at pH 4.5. PMID- 3479980 TI - Phorbol-ester-induced alterations of free calcium ion transients in single rat hepatocytes. AB - The effect of the phorbol esters phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) on changes in free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single rat hepatocytes, microinjected with the photoprotein aequorin, were investigated. [Arg8]vasopressin and phenylephrine induced a series of repetitive [Ca2+]i transients. Phorbol esters inhibited the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-induced response; sub-nanomolar concentrations decreased the transient frequency, and higher concentrations abolished the transients. The inhibitory effect of PDB was readily reversible. Phorbol esters were less effective in decreasing the frequency of [Arg8]-vasopressin-induced transients, and the inhibition could be overcome by high [Arg8]vasopressin concentrations. PMID- 3479981 TI - Inhibitory action of polyamines on protein kinase C association to membranes. AB - Physiological activation of protein kinase C requires the interaction of this enzyme with cellular membranes [Nishizuka (1986) Science 233, 305-312]. In the present work a reconstituted system of protein kinase C and human inside-out erythrocyte vesicles was utilized to study the effect in vitro of naturally occurring polyamines on the activation process of protein kinase C. The active membrane-associated complex was conveniently determined by its ability to bind radioactive phorbol ester with an exact 1:1 stoichiometry. The association reaction of the enzyme to membrane was rapid, being complete within 1 min at 25 degrees C. The addition of polyamines, particularly spermine, greatly decreased in a dose-dependent manner the amount of protein kinase C bound to membranes (i.e. in the activated form). The effect observed was quite specific, since it was dependent on the chemical structure of the polyamine and it was manifest at micromolar concentrations of the polycation; the order of potency was spermine greater than spermidine greater than putrescine. A characterization of this effect is presented and possible physiological implications are discussed. PMID- 3479982 TI - Prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity of purified rat liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - Homogeneous 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) from rat liver cytosol displays 9, 11, and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity. Using [14C]-PGF2 alpha as substrate the products of this reaction were separated by TLC and identified by autoradiography as PGE2 and PGB2. The purified enzyme catalyzes this reaction at a rate 200 times faster than cytosol. This corresponds to the rate enhancement observed when the enzyme is purified from cytosol using androsterone (a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid) as substrate and suggests that it may represent a major 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in this tissue. Although the 3 alpha-HSD has many properties in common with the 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase of rat kidney, rat kidney contains no protein that is immunodetectable with polyclonal antibody raised against the purified 3 alpha HSD. PMID- 3479983 TI - Characterization and interactions of a fragment of the core protein of the small proteoglycan (PGII) from bovine tendon. AB - Sequence analysis showed that Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease cleaved the core protein of the small dermatan sulfate proteoglycan of bovine tendon (PGII) on the carboxy side of a glutamic acid residue located 17 amino acids from the N terminus of the intact molecule. The remaining 40 kDa core protein fragment inhibited collagen fibrillogenesis in an in vitro assay. V8 protease readily generated this fragment in tendon tissue, but it was not released from the tissue during treatment. These results indicate that neither the 17-amino acid N terminal peptide nor the glycosaminoglycan chain attached to this peptide is required for maintaining the interaction of this proteoglycan with a collagen matrix. PMID- 3479984 TI - Differential effects of phorbol ester and diacylglycerols on inositol phosphate formation in C62B glioma cells. AB - Application of acetylcholine (ACh) to C62B glioma cells results in a rapid release of inositol phosphates. Since this response is transient, we evaluated the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in its desensitization. Pretreatment with 100 nM phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) significantly inhibited ACh-induced accumulation of [3H]inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates. However, interpretation of this result as proof of PKC involvement was complicated by the failure of 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, 1,2-didecanoylglycerol, or 1-oleoyl-2 acetylglycerol pretreatments to mimic the phorbol ester effect. Further evidence against PKC involvement was obtained using the PKC inhibitor sphingosine; PDBu inhibition of inositol phosphate formation was not reversed by sphingosine pretreatments at concentrations which blocked ACh-stimulated PKC activation of inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity. These results suggest that there may be phorbol effects not mediated by PKC. PMID- 3479985 TI - Bone-derived and recombinant transforming growth factor beta's are potent inhibitors of tumor cell growth. AB - Two naturally occurring chrondogenesis inducing peptides have been purified to homogeneity from demineralized bovine bone. Cartilage-inducing factors A and B are the bone-derived equivalents of transforming growth factor-beta types I and II. Both peptides exhibit identical biological activities in chondrogenesis assays and stimulate anchorage independent cell growth. In this study we show that both bone-derived factors are potent (ng/ml) inhibitors of both DNA synthesis and the anchorage independent growth of a variety of human and non human tumor cells. Unique in this study is also a comparison of the activities of these polypeptide growth factors with recombinant transforming growth factor type I expressed in mammalian cells. PMID- 3479986 TI - Polyethylene glycol derivative-modified cholesterol oxidase soluble and active in benzene. AB - Cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. was modified with a synthetic copolymer of polyoxyethylene allylmethyldiether (PEG) and maleic acid anhydride (MA anhydride), poly(PEG-MA anhydride). The modified cholesterol oxidase, in which 64% of the amino groups in the protein molecule were coupled to poly(PEG-MA), was soluble in organic solvents and catalyzed the oxidation reaction of cholesterol in benzene to form 4-cholesten-3-one with the enzymic activity of 0.6 mumol/min/mg protein. Using the modified cholesterol oxidase together with polyethylene glycol-modified peroxidase, coupled reactions shown below took place in Cholesterol + O2----4-Cholesten-3-one + H2O2 H2O2 + o-Phenylenediamine----H2O + Oxidized o-Phenylenediamine transparent benzene solution, not in an emulsified system. The oxidation of cholesterol was directly determined in benzene by measuring the absorbance of oxidized o-phenylenediamine at 490 nm. PMID- 3479988 TI - 'A study of the effectiveness of dental 2% lignocaine local anaesthetic solution at different pH values'. PMID- 3479990 TI - Rubber dam and cross-infection. PMID- 3479987 TI - Tumor markers in mammary carcinoma. An evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, pseudouridine and CA-50. AB - In 104 patients with breast cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and the carbohydrate antigen CA-50 were analysed in serum. Excretion of the modified nucleoside, pseudouridine, was analysed in urine. The patients were subdivided in three different clinical stages according to disease manifestations. Levels of CEA and pseudouridine correlated to clinical stage and 58 per cent of the patients with distant metastases had elevated levels of CEA, compared with 36 per cent for pseudouridine. For PLAP and CA-50, the levels did not show any clear correlation to clinical stage. Increased activity of PLAP correlated strongly to tobacco smoking. A decrease in the level of CEA was observed following radical mastectomy. Increase in CEA levels predicted relapse in 5 out of 14 patients within about 3 to 6 months. In patients with tumor manifestations, elevated CEA levels predicted an inferior prognosis compared to those with ordinary levels. PMID- 3479989 TI - 'The significance of the bacterial contamination of dental unit water systems'. PMID- 3479991 TI - A 25-year review of general anaesthesia at the Leeds Dental Hospital. PMID- 3479992 TI - Caries prevalence in northern Scotland before, and 5 years after, water defluoridation. PMID- 3479993 TI - Dental health education and ethnicity. PMID- 3479994 TI - Synergistic inhibitory effects of dipyridamole and vincristine on the growth of human leukaemia and lymphoma cell lines. AB - The effects of combinations of dipyridamole, an effective blocker of the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis, and 8 types of anti-cancer drugs on the growth of human T, B and myeloid leukaemia/lymphoma cell lines in vitro were examined. In combinations, dipyridamole and vincristine (VCR), and dipyridamole and vindesine had synergistic inhibitory effects. Dipyridamole reduced the efflux of VCR from cells and enhanced their VCR accumulation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of up to 10 microM in the lymphoid cell lines, MOLT-3 and BL-TH, and of up to at least 20 microM in the myeloid cell line, ML-1. Dipyridamole also enhanced the accumulation of VCR in PHA-stimulated and un-stimulated lymphocytes of normal donors, but efflux of VCR was more rapid from normal lymphocytes than from cultured cell lines. It is proposed that combination therapy with dipyridamole plus VCR should be effective in the treatment of leukaemia and lymphoma. PMID- 3479995 TI - The diagnostic value of the foetoacinar pancreatic (FAP) protein in cancer of the pancreas; a comparative study with CA19/9. AB - The serum diagnostic value of the foeto-acinar pancreatic protein (FAP protein), an oncofoetal pancreatic antigen, was tested in 201 patients. Of these, 112 suffered from malignant disease (57 patients had pancreatic carcinoma and 55, extra-pancreatic malignancies) and 89 had benign disease (49 patients with hepato pancreato-biliary disease and 40 with other benign disease). FAP protein was measured by a competitive radioimmunoassay. In this technique, the normal cut-off level was 10% inhibition. This was deducted from values in 32 normal sera. FAP protein levels superior to 10% inhibition were found in 86% of patients with pancreatic cancer, in 31% with non-pancreatic malignancy, in 69% with benign hepato-pancreato-biliary disease and in 20% with other benign diseases. Accordingly, sensitivity of FAP protein for pancreatic carcinoma was 86% and specificity, 66%. However, high FAP protein levels (greater than 30% inhibition) were almost exclusively seen in patients with pancreatic cancer. At this cut-off level, specificity increased to 95% but sensitivity decreased to 51%. Determination of the carbohydrate antigen CA19/9 was made in parallel by a commercially available assay. At the cut-off level of 37 u ml-1, CA19/9 in our serum panel had a sensitivity of 74% for pancreatic carcinoma and a specificity of 88%. In pancreatic cancer 55 out of 57 patients had elevated levels of either FAP protein or CA19/9 (sensitivity; 96%). PMID- 3479996 TI - The purification of human basophils: their immunophenotype and cytochemistry. AB - An IgM class monoclonal antibody Bsp-1 that selectively reacts with human basophils was used to label basophils in normal and leukaemic haemopoietic samples. The immunophenotype of Bsp-1+ basophils was determined using a panel of 21 IgG subclass monoclonal antibodies in two-colour immunofluorescence assays. Basophils expressed the leucocyte common antigen, HLA-ABC antigens and antigens defined by CD11 and CD13 monoclonal antibodies. Other myeloid cell (granulocyte monocyte) associated anti-antigens, lymphoid cell surface determinants and HLA-DR antigens were not detected. Basophil preparations of 95-98% purity were obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with CML and umbilical cords using fluorescence activated cell sorting techniques. Purified basophils exhibited metachromatic staining with toluidine blue, alcain blue and astra blue. PAS staining was observed in 7% of cord Bsp-1+ cells and of 55% CML Bsp-1+ cells. Between 5% and 10% of basophils were chloroacetate esterase-positive which suggests that some Bsp-1+ cells are immature basophils. PMID- 3479998 TI - Intensive remission induction and consolidation therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3479997 TI - Multiple molecular abnormalities in Ph1 chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - The Ph1 chromosome is present in 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). The Ph1 chromosome also occurs in 5-25% of children and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This observation raises questions as to whether these diseases are similar or identical. In patients with CML the c-abl and bcr genes are translocated and abnormally expressed. We studied molecular events related to bcr and c-abl in five patients with ALL to determine its relationship to CML. Four had the Ph1 chromosome; the fifth a probable Ph1 chromosome. c-abl and bcr abnormalities identical to CML were detected in four suggesting a common molecular basis. One patient with the Ph1 chromosome and c abl translocation lacked these molecular changes but had abnormal c-abl gene transcription apparently unrelated to bcr. These data suggest that Ph1 chromosome positive ALL is heterogeneous; in some patients the molecular abnormality is identical to CML; in others c-abl is likewise involved but via a different mechanism. PMID- 3479999 TI - Association between prostaglandin E2 and placental abruption. PMID- 3480001 TI - Haematological and immunological features of patients with fissured tongue syndrome. AB - Blood samples from 40 patients with fissured tongue syndrome (FTS) were examined, and the results were compared with those of 20 healthy control subjects. FTS was diagnosed when a) the patient had a fissured tongue with smooth-surfaced papillae (n = 25) or b) the patient had geographic tongue and some relatives had fissured tongue (n = 15). These tongue forms were verified also histologically. To evaluate the possibility of systemic disorders in patients with FTS we determined the whole blood picture and levels of vitamin B12, serum folate, serum ferritin, and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE). None of the patients with FTS nor any of the controls were found to be anaemic. The mean levels of serum vitamin B12, ferritin and folate were, however, slightly lower in the patient group than in the controls. These findings suggest that anaemia does not play a primary role in the aetiology of fissured tongue syndrome. The most striking haematological findings were the decreased thrombocyte and leucocyte counts in patients with fissured tongue syndrome compared with the control subjects. Furthermore, the lymphocyte count and serum IgG were low in the patient group. When the two patient groups were compared no differences were found. These observations are discussed from the standpoint of deficiency in the immunological defence mechanism of patients with fissured tongue syndrome. PMID- 3480000 TI - Oral lichenoid reactions related to mercury sensitivity. AB - Lichen planus is a common disorder of unknown aetiology. It has been proposed that in some cases it represents a form of allergic reaction to the metals contained in dental amalgam, particularly mercury. Twenty-nine consecutive dentate patients who had lichen planus of the oral mucosa were patch-tested to the range of metals contained in dental amalgam. Ten out of 29 (34%) showed an allergic reaction to mercury and all of these patients had amalgams greater than 5 years old. The amalgams were poorly contoured and had corroded, resulting in continued release of mercury ions. Six patients had their amalgams replaced with composite or glass ionomer materials resulting in resolution of ulcerated lesions. In a follow-up of 3-24 months, one patient had a recurrence of ulcerated areas and another, despite resolution of the oral lesions had persistent discomfort. PMID- 3480002 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita in two male cousins. AB - Dyskeratosis congenita is reported in two male Singaporean Chinese cousins. The family pedigree is presented. Lichen planus or lichenoid lesions, instead of leukoplakia, was the manifestation in the oral cavity. The mode of inheritance and the differential diagnosis of Fanconi's anaemia are discussed. Dental findings are emphasised as such information is lacking in previously reported cases. One of the subjects expired of aplastic anaemia, which together with oral malignancy, is one fatal complication of this disease. PMID- 3480003 TI - Intravenous tranexamic acid in the management of hereditary angio-oedema. AB - The pathogenesis and management of hereditary angio-oedema is discussed. The use of intravenous tranexamic acid to provide short term prophylactic cover for patients with hereditary angio-oedema undergoing oral surgery is presented. PMID- 3480004 TI - Extracranial meningioma of the oral cavity. AB - A case of a maxillary tumour resembling an extracranial meningioma is reported. So far as can be ascertained no other instance of this same tumour has been recorded occurring in the oral cavity. PMID- 3480005 TI - Structure-activity relationships in engineered proteins: analysis of use of binding energy by linear free energy relationships. AB - The activity of mutant enzymes can be analyzed quantitatively by structure activity relationships in a manner analogous to Bronsted or Hammett plots for simple organic reactions. The slopes of such plots, the beta values, indicate for the enzymatic reactions the fraction of the overall binding energy used in stabilizing particular complexes. In particular, information can be derived about the interactions between the enzyme and the transition state. The activities of many mutant tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases fit well simple linear free energy relationships. The formation of enzyme-bound tyrosyl adenylate (E.Tyr-AMP) from enzyme-bound tyrosine and ATP (E.Tyr-ATP) results in an increase in binding energy between the enzyme and the side chain of tyrosine and the ribose ring of ATP. Linear free energy plots of enzymes mutated in these positions give the fraction of the binding energy change that occurs on formation of the transition state for the chemical reaction and the various complexes. It is shown that groups that specifically stabilize the transition state of the reaction are characterized by beta values much greater than 1. This is found for residues that bind the gamma-phosphate of ATP (Thr-40 and His-45) and have previously been postulated to be involved in transition-state stabilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480006 TI - Structure-activity relationships in engineered proteins: characterization of disruptive deletions in the alpha-ammonium group binding site of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Residues Asp-78 and Gln-173 of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of Bacillus stearothermophilus form part of the binding site for tyrosine by making hydrogen bonds with the alpha-ammonium group. Asp-38 is close enough to the group to make an important electrostatic contribution. Unlike other residues in the active site that have been studied by site-directed mutagenesis, Asp-38, Asp-78, and Gln-173 are part of hydrogen-bonded networks. Each of these residues has been mutated to an alanine, and the resultant mutants have been studied by kinetics to construct the difference energy diagrams for the formation of tyrosyl adenylate. In each example, the binding of tyrosine is weakened by about 2.5 kcal mol-1. But, unlike previous mutants, the dissociation of the second substrate, in this case ATP, is also seriously affected, being weakened by some 2 kcal mol-1 for TyrTS(Ala-78) and TyrTS(Ala-173). The energy of the transition state for the formation of tyrosyl adenylate is raised by 7.8 kcal mol-1 for the former and 4.5 kcal mol-1 for the latter mutant. Addition of these mutants to linear free energy plots constructed for the nondisruptive mutants in the accompanying study [Fersht, A. R., Leatherbarrow, R. J., & Wells, T. N. C. (1987) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] reveals large deviations of the data for TyrTS(Ala-38) and TyrTS(Ala-78) from the regression line. These thus belong to a different class of mutations from previous nondisruptive examples. This observation combined with the structural evidence and difference energy diagrams strongly suggests that the mutations Asp----Ala-38 and Asp----Ala-78 are disruptive in nature. PMID- 3480007 TI - Age-related decline in deciduogenic ability of the rat uterus. AB - To study age-related changes in uterine responsiveness to deciduogenic stimuli, virgin female rats of the T strain were ovariectomized at 4, 8, 10, or 12 mo of age and given daily s.c. injections of 3 mg progesterone for 7 days, commencing on the day after operation, and a single s.c. injection of 0.1 microgram estradiol-17 beta on the third day of the period. Endometrial stimulation was effected by either endometrial traumatization or intraluminal instillation of sesame oil or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), applied 16 h after the injection of estradiol. Decidual response began to decrease at 8 mo of age and completely disappeared between 8 and 12 mo, regardless of the type of induction stimulus. At 8 mo of age, females formed deciduomata in response to instillation of oil or PGE2, only when they had been cycling regularly at the time of ovariectomy. In 10 mo-old rats, instillation of oil or PGE2 invariably failed to elicit a positive response, regardless of the pattern of estrous cycles at surgery. However, if an ovary was transplanted s.c. 5 or 7 mo after ovariectomy at 4 mo of age, the uteri responded positively to oil instillation at 10 and 12 mo of age, after the ovarian grafts had been removed and steroid treatments had been administered. Moreover, a 2-mo interval between ovariectomy at 8 mo of age and the commencement of the standard treatment schedule restored or maintained the uterus's ability to form deciduomata by 10 mo of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480008 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase-activity in brain tissue. Effect of X-irradiation. AB - The mechanism responsible for the toxic late effects of cranial irradiation, followed by the administration of systemic methotrexate (MTX) on brain tissue, is still under discussion. We studied the influence of X-irradiation on dihydrofolate reductase (E.C. 1.5.1.3) activity (DHFR), the enzyme inhibited by MTX. New Zealand white rabbits, 6-9 weeks old, underwent 24 Gy fractionated or 20 Gy single-dose brain irradiation using a 60Co source. Before, immediately following, and 1, 2, 4, 12 weeks after irradiation, DHFR was measured in brain and liver tissue by a photometric assay. DHFR in brain tissue was 11.9 +/- 2.9 mU/g wet weight (ww) X h and in liver tissue 121.8 +/- 24.2 mU/g ww X h. Fractionated brain irradiation with 2 Gy per day produced no significant changes in brain DHFR. Single-dose cranial irradiation significantly decreased brain DFHR (7.3 +/- 0.6 mU/g ww X h). Suppression of the developmental increase of DHFR by X irradiation in young rabbits could be excluded by determining the unchanged brain to-liver ratios of DHFR in the animals with fractionated brain irradiation. PMID- 3480010 TI - Annular promyelocytes in acute myeloid leukemia. AB - Granulocytes with ring-shaped nuclei (annular granulocytes; ring granulocytes) are normal bone marrow constituents in rodents. Studies in man have shown a small number of these cells in cases of myeloproliferative diseases. Myelocytes and metamyelocytes have also been described. Similar to rodents and some other animal species, the annular promyelocyte also exists in humans. The significance of these very rare cells in human haemopoiesis becomes an interesting question. PMID- 3480009 TI - Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia with breakpoint 5' of the breakpoint cluster region but within the bcr gene. AB - We report on the first Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) characterized by a rearrangement within the 5' part of the bcr gene on chromosome 22, but outside the restricted breakpoint cluster region. In situ hybridization studies revealed a translocation of the c-abl oncogene to the Ph chromosome and Northern blot analysis identified a chimeric 8 kb bcr/abl RNA transcript in leukemic cells. These data suggest that 1. less bcr coding sequences than previously assumed may be essential for the putative transforming activity of the rearranged bcr/abl gene and 2. the bcr probes currently used for diagnostic purposes could miss Ph-positive CML cases. PMID- 3480011 TI - Hereditary agoraphobia and obsessive-compulsive behaviour in relatives of patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. AB - We present 11 pedigrees in which a propositus with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome had first or second-degree relatives with obsessive-compulsive behaviour or agoraphobia with panic attacks, but only partially expressed the TS gene (i.e. had only motor tics or vocal tics, or neither). Of 90 females over the age of 18 presenting with TS, or with motor or vocal tics alone, nine had severe agoraphobia with panic attacks. There may be genetic subtypes of both obsessive compulsive disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks that are due to partial expression of the TS gene. PMID- 3480013 TI - Radiation damage to skin. Fundamental and practical aspects. Proceedings of a workshop. Saclay, France, 9-11 October 1985. PMID- 3480012 TI - Lymphoreticular malignancy and monoclonal gammopathy presenting as polymyalgia rheumatica. AB - Five patients presenting with polymyalgia rheumatica-like symptoms were found to have a monoclonal gammopathy. In addition one of these patients had acute myeloblastic leukaemia, two had early myeloma and one patient had probable Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. The association of polymyalgia rheumatica-like symptoms, monoclonal gammopathy and lymphoreticular malignancies is discussed. PMID- 3480015 TI - Early changes in irradiated skeletal muscle: a histo-enzymological and immunocytochemical study. PMID- 3480014 TI - Vascular damage after acute local irradiation: a light and electron microscope study. PMID- 3480017 TI - Accidental acute local irradiations in France and their pathology. PMID- 3480016 TI - Modifications of collagen, fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans of the pig thigh muscle after acute local gamma irradiation. PMID- 3480018 TI - Development of lesions resulting from acute localised irradiation in the pig: trials for medical and surgical management. PMID- 3480019 TI - Plastic surgical procedures for the closure of radiation ulcers of the thoracic and pelvic regions. PMID- 3480020 TI - ICRP recommendations for radioprotection of the skin: history and present status. PMID- 3480021 TI - Proposed derivation of skin contamination and skin decontamination limits. PMID- 3480022 TI - Problems associated with localised skin exposures. PMID- 3480023 TI - Cell survival curves derived from early and late skin reactions in patients. PMID- 3480024 TI - Changes in the cell kinetics of pig epidermis after repeated daily doses of X rays. PMID- 3480025 TI - Mechanisms of the action of radiation on skin and underlying tissues. PMID- 3480026 TI - The acute effects of different energy beta-emitters on pig and mouse skin. PMID- 3480027 TI - Late changes in pig skin after irradiation from beta-emitting sources of different energy. PMID- 3480028 TI - A one-year comparative study of post-irradiation collagen content and microscopic fibrosis in mouse skin. PMID- 3480029 TI - Radiation induction of cancer of the skin. PMID- 3480030 TI - Skin carcinogenesis in the mouse following uniform and non-uniform beta irradiation. PMID- 3480031 TI - Local overexposure: the role of physical dosimetry. PMID- 3480032 TI - Biological dosimetry of local radiation accidents of skin: possible cytological and biochemical methods. PMID- 3480033 TI - Capillary microscopy as preventive medicine in subjects exposed to ionising radiation. PMID- 3480034 TI - Non-invasive biological dosimetry of the skin. PMID- 3480035 TI - The use of plucked hairs as a biological dosemeter. PMID- 3480036 TI - Radiosensitivity of pig fibroblasts. In-vitro clonal growth assay. PMID- 3480038 TI - Van Nes rotationplasty: perioperative nursing management. PMID- 3480037 TI - In-vitro growth potential of fibroblasts isolated from pigs with radiation induced fibrosis. PMID- 3480040 TI - Cancer antigen 125 in semen. PMID- 3480039 TI - Oxidation of primary bile acids by a 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase elaborating Clostridium bifermentans soil isolate. AB - A gram-positive, rod-shaped anaerobe (strain F-6) was isolated from soil. This organism was identified by cellular morphology as well as fermentative and biochemical data as Clostridium bifermentans. Strain F-6 formed 7-ketolithocholic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid from cholic acid in whole cell cultures, but did not transform deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, or ursocholic acid. This reaction is reversible. The structures of 7 ketolithocholic acid and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid were verified by mass spectroscopy and by thin-layer chromatography using Komarowsky's spray reagent. When incubated with the strain F-6 glycine and taurine conjugates of the primary bile acids were partially hydrolyzed and transformed to 7-keto products. Optimal yields of 7-ketolithocholic acid and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid were obtained after 78 h of incubation. Culture pH changed with time and was characterized by an initial drop (1.1 pH units) and a gradual increase back to the starting pH (7.3). Corroborating these observations, an inducible, NADP-dependent, 7 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was demonstrated in cell extracts of strain F-6. A trace of NAD-dependent 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was also found. A substantial increase in the specific activity of the NADP-dependent 7 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was observed when either 7-ketolithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, or deoxycholic acid was included in the growth medium. Optimal induction of the NADP-dependent 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was achieved with 0.3-0.4 mM 7-ketolithocholic acid. Production of the enzyme(s) was optimal at 6-8 h of growth and the 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases had a pH optimum of approximately 11.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480041 TI - Antiproliferative response of human leukemic cells. Modulation of cytosolic protein kinase C activity by phytohemagglutinin. AB - Phytohemagglutinin and its isolectins PHA-E4 an PHA-L4 act antiproliferatively on an actively dividing leukemia T-cell line. Both PHA and the isolectins caused an increase in soluble protein kinase C (PK-C) activity without a corresponding decrease in particulate activity. The increase was at a maximum after 10 min and the soluble kinase activity remained high for at least 3 h. There was no direct correlation between the observed antiproliferative potency of the 2 isolectins and their ability to initially affect the distribution of PK-C activity. PMID- 3480043 TI - Phase I trial of homoharringtonine in children with refractory leukemia. AB - Continuous infusion of homoharringtonine was administered to 17 children with refractory leukemia. Ten children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received a total of 18 courses and seven children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia had a total of 13 courses. Doses were escalated from 1.65 to 8.5 mg/m2 for 5-10 consecutive days. Side effects included mild nausea and vomiting and transient changes in liver enzymes. Mucositis and diarrhea were more frequently seen at higher dose levels. Grade 3 hypotension and pain were seen at doses of 7 mg/m2 for 10 days. This is considered to be the maximum tolerated dose in this limited phase I trial. None of these previously heavily treated patients achieved a marrow remission. PMID- 3480042 TI - Perturbation of in vitro drug resistance in human lymphatic neoplasms by combinations of putative inhibitors of protein kinase C. AB - Fresh specimens of human lymphatic neoplasms were tested with the differential staining cytotoxicity assay. Cells from relapsed patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were significantly more resistant to vincristine, dexamethasone, and doxorubicin in the assay than were cells from previously untreated patients. The putative C kinase inhibitors verapamil (V), imipramine (I), lidocaine (L), tamoxifen (T), chlorpromazine (C), and haloperidol (H) were then tested singly, in combination with each other (VILTCH, ITCH, and VL), and in combination with vincristine. At concentrations judged to be clinically achievable, VILTCH itself was occasionally toxic to ALL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The VILTCH combination clearly potentiated the cytotoxic activity of vincristine in five of eight ALL specimens from relapsed patients and potentiated vincristine in 18 of 30 chronic lymphocytic leukemia specimens. It also potentiated vincristine in two of six specimens of multiple myeloma and five of six specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The VILTCH combination had no significant effects in fresh cultures of normal human lymphocytes. The most active drugs in the VILTCH combination appeared to be verapamil and lidocaine. We conclude that the differential staining cytotoxicity assay is a useful tool to study the circumvention of clinically acquired drug resistance. While the mechanism of the observed enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of vincristine is not known, it is possible that combinations of putative C kinase inhibitors may reduce drug resistance in human lymphatic neoplasms. PMID- 3480044 TI - Oral idarubicin as single-agent treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in poor-risk patients. AB - Oral idarubicin was given as single-agent treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in 18 poor-risk patients. They comprised nine previously untreated elderly patients, age range 69-86, and nine relapsed pretreated patients, age range 41-76. Overall, two patients achieved complete remission (including one with preceding refractory anemia with excess of blasts) and seven achieved partial responses. Dose-limiting toxic effects were diarrhea and sepsis. In this limited study, oral idarubicin at a dose of 20-25 mg/m2/day X 3 was a well tolerated drug with potent antileukemic effects. The oral formulation deserves more widespread evaluation. PMID- 3480045 TI - Phase II evaluation of orally administered idarubicin in patients with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 3480047 TI - Immunobiology of cancer and AIDS. Etiology, diagnosis, and management. Selected papers presented at the First International Symposium on Immunobiology of Cancer and Allied Immune Dysfunctions. Copenhagen, Denmark. PMID- 3480046 TI - European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) phase II study of low-dose weekly epirubicin in metastatic prostate cancer. PMID- 3480049 TI - Neoplastic consequences of transplantation and chemotherapy. AB - An increased incidence of certain neoplasms occurs in immunodeficiency states. The incidence of cancer in organ transplant patients is approximately 4%. The predominant tumors are lymphomas, carcinomas of the skin and lips, carcinomas of the vulva/perineum, in situ carcinomas of the uterine cervix, and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Tumors appear a relatively short time after transplantation. Unusual features of the lymphomas are the high incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, frequent involvement of extranodal sites, and marked predilection for the brain. Skin cancers present unusual features: predominance of squamous cell carcinomas, young age of the patients, and a high incidence of multiple tumors. Cancers of the vulva/perineum occur at a younger age than in the general population and may be preceded by condyloma acuminatum or herpes genitalis. Lymphomas, leukemias, and skin cancers are increased in nontransplant patients who receive immunosuppressive therapy for nonmalignant diseases. Second tumors that develop in cancer patients, after treatment with cytotoxic therapy, are mainly leukemias, lymphomas, and bladder carcinomas. PMID- 3480048 TI - Lectin binding pattern of Hodgkin disease-derived cell lines in comparison to other human cell lines. AB - The three Hodgkin disease-derived cell lines L 428, L 540, and L 591 were characterized in their carbohydrate epitope composition by a panel of lectins. Nine other human cell lines were tested in comparison to the Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg Reed (SR) cells: promyelocytic (HL 60), lymphoblastoid, myeloma, histiocytic lymphoma (U 937), and other non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. Twenty four different fluoresceinated lectins bound to the Hodgkin and other cell lines in different percentages of positive cells and with varying intensities. Lotus lectin and a monoclonal anti-Lewis blood group X antibody showed very similar binding patterns (L 428, L 540, HL 60, U 937). Soybean agglutinin stained only L 428 and L 540, although nearly all were positive after neuraminidase treatment. Cell lysis of the three H cell lines resulted in a very similar electrophoretic mobility pattern of proteins. In addition, staining of transblotted glycoproteins with biotinylated concanavalin A by avidin peroxidase reaction revealed corresponding bands. Differences were seen with Lotus staining. In summary, the origin of H cells is still unknown, but there is obviously some relationship in the glycoconjugate profile to the myelohistiocytic lineage. PMID- 3480050 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of choriogonadotropin-like material on the surface of human and mouse malignant cells. AB - Quantitation by flow cytofluorometry of the distribution of human choriogonadotropin (hCG)-like material on the surface of various human and mouse tumor cells grown in tissue culture and as solid tumors has been done using fluorescein-tagged rabbit antisera (IgG fraction) to intact hCG and, in one experiment, by use of two monoclonal antibodies specific for hCG. Fibroblasts were used as a negative (nontumorigenic) cell control, and a rabbit antiserum to human hemoglobin was used as reagent control. All malignant cells tested stained more intensely with the anti-hCG serum than with the antihuman hemoglobin serum. Positive reaction with the monoclonal antibodies specific for hCG provided strong evidence that the material stained was identical to hCG. Heterogeneity of the expression of the hCG-like material was notable both within each cell line and between different cell lines. This heterogeneity was not associated with cell cycle phase. 3T3 fibroblast-like cells in vitro were originally negative for hCG but acquired reactivity with anti-hCG serum after ten passages. PMID- 3480051 TI - Human-human hybridomas generated with lymphocytes from patients with colorectal cancer. AB - Human-human hybridoma technology was used to produce human monoclonal antibodies with reactivity to colorectal cancer antigens. Two different B-lymphoma cell lines were fused with lymphocytes obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes from colorectal cancer patients. The fusion frequency was 11% with LICR-LON-HMy-2. Out of 294 growing hybridomas 26 secreted antibodies reacting with epitopes on cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells. Only one (D4213) was established and has now been in culture for 1.5 years. D4213 antibody shows a strong reaction with colon cancer tissue compared with normal colon epithelium. Using W1-L2-729-HF2 the fusion frequency was about 50%. Of 2,487 hybridomas 499 produced immunoglobulin and 44 of these reacted with colon cancer tissues or cultured cancer cells. One of the established hybridomas produces antibody reacting with cancer cell membrane antigens, and on immunoblotting a number of components were stained. The antibody from the other hybridomas reacts with cytoplasmatic antigens, and only one of these showed reactivity in immunoblotting where it bound to a component with Mr of about 60K. PMID- 3480052 TI - Comparison of CEA polyclonal antibodies, CEA monoclonal antibodies, tissue polypeptide antigen in the sera of supposedly healthy individuals. AB - Serum determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using both polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were carried out in 348 supposedly healthy screenees. A correlation of the two CEA-detection methods was observed for MAb values higher than 0.5 ng/ml, but not for the lower MAb values that failed to detect CEA. Of 162 such cases (46.5% of the total population that were screened by MAbs), only 39 (11.2%) remained undetected by PAbs, with values as high as 3-4 ng/ml. CEA PAbs thus enabled a more subtle analysis of values in the lower range, a potentially useful factor in screening. In 18 screenees (5.1%) the values were above 2 SD of the mean by MAbs against 13 by PAbs; values above 3 SD were present in three by MAbs and in none by PAbs. In 14 of 18 cases high CEA values were related to smoking and to chronic gastrointestinal disease. The suggested specificity of CEA MAbs for cancer cells thus could not be confirmed because no cancer was detected in this series. Elevated tissue polypeptide antigen values were observed in 14 individuals and were not correlated with either CEA or smoking. Estrogens and estrogen-progestogens were administered to five females whereas four males had gynecomasty, and in three cases leukemia was reported among close relatives. PMID- 3480053 TI - Screening of hybridoma supernatants raised against membrane fractions from breast cancer using an immunodot assay. AB - Membranes were prepared from mammary tumors and fractionized using gel filtration and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To obtain monoclonal antibodies against tumor-associated antigens, mice were immunized against membrane fraction 2a. After hybridization, we obtained 746 hybridoma cell lines. We performed the immunodot assay for screening. Every supernatant was tested against 15 antigens. Eight antigens were purified fractions from tumor membrane preparation, and five were crude membrane preparations from benign and malignant breast cell lines. Additionally, the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen of erythrocytes was tested. We selected 83 hybridomas for further characterization. PMID- 3480054 TI - Strategies for the development of monoclonal antibodies for in vivo imaging: their use in the imaging of ovarian carcinoma. AB - There are a number of strategies that have been used for the development of monoclonal antibodies which recognise tumour associated antigens. These include the use of whole tumour cells or membrane components as the immunogen, and the use of differentiation antigens, for example the human milk fat globule. The monoclonal antibody HMFG-2 was developed using the latter strategy and has been shown to react with a large molecular weight mucin-like molecule which appears to be highly immunogenic in the mouse. The HMFG-2 antibody is proving to be extremely useful in the localisation of ovarian tumours and is being used in a number of clinics. This antibody and its antigen have a number of characteristics which have contributed to its success in imaging ovarian carcinomas, including the repetitive nature of the antigenic epitope and the antibody's affinity. PMID- 3480055 TI - Imaging of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma with monoclonal antibody 791T/36 and the therapeutic potential of antibody-drug conjugates. AB - Monoclonal antibody 791T/36, prepared against a tumour-associated 72,000 dalton glycoprotein, reacted with cells from primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas. I-131 or In-111-labelled antibody localized in xenografts of colorectal carcinomas established from in vitro clonogenic populations. Clinically, with I-131-labelled antibody, 8/11 colonic tumours imaged positively. Imaging was negative in four patients with benign colon disease. 5/11 rectal tumours were positively imaged, but excreted I-131 in the bladder obscured tumours in several studies. In-111-labelled antibody gave superior images and positively imaged primary and metastatic sites in 13/14 patients. Prospectively in the detection of recurrent disease, I-131 or In-111-antibody detected 29/33 separate sites in 24 patients. Seven negative patients remain disease free. There were 3 false positives; overall sensitivity was 88%, with 70% specificity. Specific localization of radiolabel was confirmed immunochemically and by counting radioactivity in resected specimens. Antibody conjugates with methotrexate, vindesine and daunomycin retained drug activity and antibody function, including xenograft localization and conjugates were therapeutically effective against xenografts. 791T/36 antibody has potential for immunodetection of primary and recurrent colorectal carcinoma and for targeting of therapeutic agents. PMID- 3480056 TI - Metastasis models for human tumors in athymic mice: useful models for drug development. AB - Although human tumor xenografts have been extensively used for preclinical evaluation of antitumor agents, most of this work has utilized subcutaneous or subrenal capsule assays based on change in tumor size. To obtain experimental models more reflective of the human clinical situations, we have developed several metastatic models that are based on and complement a panel of cell strains used in large-scale in vitro drug screening. One melanoma and four lung tumors produced metastatic lesions in the lung within 60 days following subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intrasplenic inoculation of BALB/C athymic nude mice. Several tumors also produced liver lesions, and one lung tumor strain showed metastasis to the brain. The metastatic lesions histologically resembled the tumors that grew at the inoculation site. In vitro and in vivo cell strains were rederived from the metastatic lesions. These systems may provide practical models for experimental drug and immunotherapeutic trials. PMID- 3480057 TI - Effect of red ginseng on natural killer cell activity in mice with lung adenoma induced by urethan and benzo(a)pyrene. AB - It was previously reported that red ginseng extract inhibited carcinogenesis by urethan, DMBA, and aflatoxin B1 [Yun et al: Cancer Detect Prevent 1983; 6:515 25]. In an attempt to investigate the mechanism of the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng, the natural killer (NK) activity and the incidence of lung adenoma were followed over a period of 48 weeks postinjection with urethan or benzo(a)pyrene. The NK activity was markedly depressed from 4 weeks to 24 weeks after injection of carcinogens. This decreased NK activity was returned to the level of controls by administration of ginseng. At the same time, a lower incidence of lung adenoma was noted following administration of ginseng to urethan-injected mice. However, the lung adenoma induced by benzo(a)pyrene began to occur at 48 weeks in which NK activity had naturally declined to a level too low to be affected by ginseng, and administration of ginseng did not decrease the incidence. In conclusion, these results suggest that the anticarcinogenic effect of ginseng may be related to the augmentation of NK activity. PMID- 3480058 TI - Cell regulatory and immunorestorative activity of picibanil (OK432). AB - Picibanil (OK432), a pharmaceutical preparation of a low virulent Su strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, possesses cell regulatory activity particularly in its ability to augment natural killer (NK) cell activity and to activate macrophages to exert a tumoricidal effect both in vitro and in vivo. It is effective in retarding and/or inhibiting the growth of three different tumors: MBL-2 lymphoma, M109 alveolar adenocarcinoma, and B16 melanoma. The antitumor effect is mediated through regulation of NK cells and macrophages, possibly by its ability to stimulate the production and secretion of interferon and interleukin 1 and 2. It is a very effective adjuvant for tumor cell vaccines that elicit cytotoxic T-cell responses. Following cytoreductive chemotherapy (Cytoxan) Picibanil treatment leads to an earlier reconstitution of both bone marrow cellularity and differentiation to granulocyte-macrophage colonies. PMID- 3480059 TI - BM 41.440: a new antineoplastic, antimetastatic, and immune-stimulating drug. AB - Alkyllysophospholipids are analogs of the cell membrane component lysophosphocholine. The thioether lysophospholipid BM 41.440 (1-hexadecylmercapto 2-methoxymethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is already in use in phase I and II trials in human cancer therapy. A direct antitumor effect of this new compound has been shown in vitro using 35 different cell types of murine and human origin. All normal cells investigated were not affected in the concentration range (1-10 micrograms/ml) that was cytotoxic for most tumor cells studied. In vivo, antimalignant and antimetastatic actions have been documented in the Meth A sarcoma, L1210 leukemia, B 16 melanoma and the 3Lewis-lung carcinoma tumor models, respectively. Murine, bone marrow-derived macrophages (M phi), preincubated with BM 41.440, showed an increased cytotoxicity in vitro. Addition of syngeneic spleen cells and low doses of BM 41.440 to this system enhanced tumor cell destruction 20- to 100-fold compared to controls dependent on the target cells used (YAC, ABLS-8.1, L1210, and P815). In vivo, Meth A sarcoma growth was dose and time dependently reduced in CB6F1 mice under therapeutic IV application of BM 41.440-activated M phi. The mean survival time of DBA mice, treated once IP with BM 41.440 4 days before L1210 challenge, increased from 24 to 38 days. PMID- 3480060 TI - Modulation of NK activity in regional lymph nodes by preoperative immunotherapy with OK-432 in patients with cancer of the oral cavity. AB - The influence of preoperative perilesional therapy with the potent bacterial biological response modifier (BRM) OK-432 on natural killer (NK) cell activity in peripheral blood and tumor draining lymph nodes (LNs) of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has been investigated. Pretreatment NK activity in peripheral blood (PB) was comparable within the group of HNC patients. However, after perilesional OK-432 therapy, a significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed by day 8. Furthermore, postoperative suppression of PB NK activity was less pronounced in patients with OK-432 therapy. In tumor draining LNs, NK activity was significantly higher in patients receiving OK-432 therapy than in those treated by surgery alone. No differences were detected concerning the in vitro stimulatory capacity of interferon (IFN) and/or Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) on LN NK activity in both the OK-432 treated and untreated group. Furthermore, by immunoperoxidase technique, LNs of OK-432 treated patients were found to express a higher number of cells reacting with the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 compared to LNs of the untreated group. Both these results suggest that perilesional OK-432 therapy leads to an increase in number and function of NK cells in regional LNs, together with an increase in NK activity in PB in some but not all patients. PMID- 3480062 TI - AIDS in subsaharan Africa. AB - AIDS has existed in subsaharan Africa at least since 1980. However, the genesis of this condition and its emergence as a health problem remain obscured by lack of data and by antibody data that are now questionable. In Africa, as elsewhere, AIDS is associated with an immunodeficiency associated with the LAV/HTLV-III retrovirus. The clinical manifestations vary somewhat because of the different range of opportunistic pathogens in that environment. Although the "classical," more indolent, endemic form of African Kaposi sarcoma is not associated with this virus or with immunodeficiency, a new, aggressive variety of Kaposi sarcoma in Africa appears to be. The origin of LAV/HTLV-III remains unclear, but the clinical syndrome of AIDS has emerged in Africa only in the past decade. A pattern of geographic spread can be recognized, in which AIDS was seen earliest in Kinshasa, Zaire, and then emerged in Zambia, Rwanda, and Uganda. Recently, reports indicate spread into Tanzania and Kenya. Transmission appears to be primarily heterosexual, but the factors enhancing heterosexual spread in Africa to a greater extent than in the U.S. and Europe need to be further studied. PMID- 3480061 TI - Effects of immunization against human choriogonadotropin on the growth of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma and spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma in mice. AB - We studied the effects of preimmunization with a synthetic carboxy-terminal peptide of the beta-subunit of human choriogonadotropin (hCG) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid on the growth of two tumor models, the transplantable Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6J mice and the spontaneous mammary carcinoma in C3H/OuJ mice. Immunization with the conjugate prior to Lewis lung tumor implantation significantly (P less than 0.05) retarded the growth of tumors as measured by tumor weight 18 days following transplantation. The weights of Lewis lung tumors in animals preimmunized with the hCG immunogen were inversely correlated (r = 0.61) with the levels of circulating antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin, whereas no statistical correlation was found between tumor weights and the levels of antibodies reactive to diphtheria toxoid. The number of conjugate-treated C3H/OuJ mice that developed mammary tumors was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced compared to their vehicle-treated cohorts. Pretreatment with the synthetic muramyl dipeptide analog utilized as an adjuvant with both immunogens did not show any effect on the tumor growth in either tumor system. PMID- 3480063 TI - Simian models for AIDS. AB - The macaque immunodeficiency syndrome has many parallels to AIDS in humans. Affected monkeys develop profound, prolonged T lymphocyte dysfunction and die of lymphomas or opportunistic infections. We recently isolated a virus that we call SIV from four sick macaque monkeys. The morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of human AIDS. The pathogenicity of this newly isolated virus was tested in macaque monkeys. Five of six died between 127 and 352 days following inoculation. The animals developed a wasting syndrome and died with adenovirus pancreatitis and/or pneumonia and primary retroviral encephalitis. Immunological abnormalities in these animals included a decrease in circulating T4+ lymphocytes and depressed peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen. The SIV monkey model holds great promise for testing antiviral agents and for the development of vaccines against AIDS. PMID- 3480065 TI - Impaired natural killer cytotoxicity during recrudescence of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. AB - We investigated natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity in patients with recurrent herpes infection by using K562 cells infected with Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as target. The NK cytotoxicity was lower than during convalescence and in controls during recrudescence (0 to 3 days postonset of clinical symptoms; P less than 0.001). In the convalescent phase (4 to 14 days postonset of symptoms) the NK cytotoxicity was significantly higher than in controls (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that low NK cytotoxicity is related to the recurrence of herpes. PMID- 3480064 TI - Extrathecal and intrathecal IgG response to the AIDS virus LAV/HTLV-III in experimental infection of chimpanzees. AB - Seven of seven chimpanzees inoculated with LAV/HTLV-III and three of three chimpanzee-to-chimpanzee passages seroconverted for LAV/HTLV-III as tested by ELISA and immunoblotting. Serum IgG reactivity to gag-gene products emerged between 3 and 6 weeks after inoculation, p24gag reactivity always reaching maximum titers first. Serum IgG antibodies to env-related proteins occurred 11-21 weeks after inoculation. Throughout the observation period (greater than 36 weeks), IgG reactivity to gag, pol, and env gene products persisted. Matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from three LAV/HTLV-III-infected chimpanzees were available in the chronic phase of infection and titers of viral antibody and albumin and IgG content were determined. By calculation of antibody/albumin indices, evidence was obtained for intrathecal synthesis of IgG antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III in one animal. PMID- 3480066 TI - Immune status of drug abusers. AB - This study followed 184 drug abusers. Examined in all of them were urinary neopterin levels, HBV, SGOT, and Luestest. Seventy-three percent of IV drug addicts showed elevated neopterin levels reflecting activated cellular immunity. Statistically, no correlation of neopterin levels with, eg, excessive alcohol consumption, duration of drug abuse, or studied laboratory parameters was found. Individuals using cocaine revealed higher neopterin levels than those not doing so. Twenty-one of twenty-two patients with no parenteral drug use had normal neopterin excretion. In 34 drug detoxification patients, we examined in addition: T-lymphocyte subsets (T4/T8 ratio) and serum neopterin levels. Thirty-eight of ninety-four parenteral drug addicts presented with anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibodies (ELISA + Western blot + IFT). Our data demonstrate an activated cellular immune status in parenteral drug addicts that cannot be attributed to LAV/HTLV-III infection in all cases. The development of AIDS seems to depend not only on the exposure to LAV/HTLV-III but also on activated cellular immunity, which is easily assessed by neopterin measurement. PMID- 3480067 TI - Lymphomas associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): a study of 35 cases. AB - An increased incidence of lymphoid neoplasias is associated with the states of immune deficiency both congenital and acquired. Thirty-five cases of lymphoma in males at high risk for AIDS were diagnosed in one community hospital in New York City within the past 2 years. The mean age of these patients was 39.6 years; 34 were homosexual, and one was an intravenous drug abuser. There were four Hodgkin and 31 non-Hodgkin lymphomas of various histologic types but almost all of high grade categories. The proportion of extranodal lymphomas, the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, bone marrow, and myocardium were significantly higher than in the lymphomas of the general population. The phenotypes were B-cell and non-B-non-T-cell types without any T-cell lymphomas. All patients had reversed helper-suppressor T-cell ratios, and all those tested had circulating HTLV-III and antilymphocyte antibodies. Nine patients have had previous lymph node biopsies showing the lesions of AIDS-related lymphadenopathies that were often directly associated with lymphoma. A variety of severe opportunistic infections and Kaposi sarcoma affected these patients. All lymphomas associated with immune deficiency were highly aggressive, involved multiple organs, and responded poorly to treatment resulting in early deaths. PMID- 3480068 TI - Exposure to hair dyes and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in AIDS patients with Kaposi sarcoma: an epidemiological investigation. AB - Fifty male AIDS patients with Kaposi sarcoma and 50 matched controls were interviewed about occupation, exposure to pesticides, Vietnam service, smoking habits, etc. No difference in use of pesticides was seen. One case but no control had served in Vietnam and was thereby exposed to agent orange. Dioxins are known to be immunosuppressive in animals. No significant difference in exposure to dioxin-containing products was found between cases and controls, however. Of interest was the fact that four cases but no control were occupationally exposed to hair dyes, some of which have been reported to be carcinogenic. PMID- 3480069 TI - Lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cytotoxicity, and perioperative blood transfusion for elective colorectal cancer surgery. AB - Blood transfusions are associated with phenomena attributable to immune suppression. Since perioperative blood transfusion is associated with early cancer recurrence in patients with malignancies, we prospectively studied T-cell subsets and natural killer cytotoxicity in patients undergoing potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Preoperative total peripheral lymphocyte number was significantly (P = 0.0191) depressed in patients who were subsequently transfused, but returned to normal by follow-up 1 to 3 months after surgery. Natural killer cytotoxicity declined significantly (P less than 0.05) at follow up in patients who were not transfused. These results do not explain the association of blood transfusion with cancer recurrence observed in colorectal cancer patients. Blood transfusion in this study was followed by increased numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and higher natural killer cytotoxicity. PMID- 3480070 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of lymph nodes from LAS and AIDS patients. AB - Lymph nodes from eight LAS and six AIDS patients were studied by routine histology, immunohistochemistry, and ultraimmunohistochemistry. LAS lymph nodes show a peculiar follicular hyperplasia with a characteristic increase of proliferating dendritic and interdigitating reticulum cells. In AIDS, these cells are reduced and the expression of proliferation-associated antigens is diminished. The immunohistochemical analysis of dendritic and interdigitating reticulum cells and of proliferation-associated antigens in lymph nodes thus allows a clear distinction between LAS and AIDS and may have important prognostic implications. PMID- 3480071 TI - Antibody-induced modulation of H-2Kb antigens on mouse tumor cells in vitro. AB - Modulation of H-2Kb antigens on cells of a subline of the murine Lewis lung carcinoma was induced in vitro by a monoclonal antibody with specificity for H 2Kb antigens. High antibody concentrations resulted in a more spherical morphology of the cells, in a discrete loss of all antibody-antigen complexes within 4-6 hr, and in a corresponding maximal decrease in the total cellular antigen content 6-8 hr after antibody exposure. Restoration was complete within 2 hr after removal of the complexed antigen and occurred without any visible cap formation. PMID- 3480072 TI - Cell surface glycoprotein differences between a highly malignant murine tumor line and a plastic-adherent, less malignant variant. AB - A highly metastatic murine tumor line (ESb) and a plastic-adherent variant derived from it (ESb-M) were compared for expression of cell surface glycoproteins. Previous studies had shown that ESb-M cells were very similar to ESb cells in terms of cell surface marker expression and invasive capacity in vitro, but studies in vivo revealed that they exerted a decreased metastatic capacity. Syngeneic animals inoculated SC with ESb-M cells developed larger primary tumors and survived much longer than animals inoculated similarly with ESb cells. When using the lectin soybean agglutinin (SBA), distinct differences were observed in the glycosylation of a 220 kDa and a 80 kDa cell surface glycoprotein. Further differences in expression of cell membrane proteins were detected by means of variant-specific monoclonal antibodies. These specific ligands reacted with 65-75 kDa membrane glycoproteins, which were more prominent in ESb-M cells than in ESb cells. Apart from these differences, the two cell lines showed very similar profiles of membrane glycoproteins and lectin staining. Whether the structural differences seen in cell surface proteins can explain the changes in functional behavior (metastatic behavior and plastic-adhesive properties) of the cells remains to be investigated. PMID- 3480073 TI - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) accelerates expression of differentiation markers in cultures of rat palatal epithelial cells. AB - Cultures of rat palatal epithelium grown on collagen rafts were treated with different doses of the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Sections from biopsies taken 1, 6, 24, and 48 hr after the addition of TPA were examined for the localization of staining by blood group antigen H antibody and antikeratin antibody AE1. In contrast to control cultures, where antigen H was seen exclusively at the cell membranes of the second and third cell layer, several antigen H-positive cells, some appearing in groups, were found in the basal cell layer of TPA-treated specimens. Staining for keratins with the AE1 antikeratin antibody showed no staining of basal cells but only suprabasal cells in controls, whereas several cells of the basal cell layer of TPA-treated cultures stained positively with this antibody. The results support the theory that TPA, by forcing a part of the basal cell population to terminal differentiation, strongly affects the composition of the basal cell population. PMID- 3480074 TI - Escape of hybridomas from cellular defense mechanisms: an in vitro study using autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. AB - This study revealed that a hybridoma cell line made from an adenocarcinoma of the colon and autologous enucleated peripheral lymphocytes shared antigenicity of the fusion partners. The hybrid cells could be grown in BALB c nu/nu mice, forming a solid tumor. Gating out hybridoma cells with both CEA and T3 antigens by means of cytofluorometer cell sorting and using them as target cells in a cytotoxicity assay against autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes, the susceptibility for cell mediated lysis within the cultured hybridoma cells was already lost. These findings suggest that transferred membrane component(s) (T3 antigen) from enucleated lymphocytes are candidates for functional regulator(s) in cell mediated lysis. PMID- 3480075 TI - Relevance of aging research for cancer. AB - Experimental studies of the survival curves of different species and of in vitro cell culture survival point to normal aging as a largely preprogrammed process. Reciprocal skin grafting among syngeneic young and old animals further demonstrates autonomous aging of this organ independent of the remainder of the body. This compartmentalization of change with age is also suggested when immune functions of various lymphoid organs are compared at different ages. Experimental studies also show that for some organs their susceptibility to certain carcinogens is diphasic, high early in life and high in senescence. A major question now is if preprogrammed age changes at the molecular level have steps in common with carcinogenetic processes. PMID- 3480076 TI - Measurement of C-reactive protein to compare ceftizoxime versus cefoxitin/doxycycline therapy for septic pelvis: a preliminary report. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP), a biological marker of inflammation, may be a useful indicator of therapeutic response in patients with septic pelvis. In a study comparing ceftizoxime and cefoxitin/doxycycline in patients with septic pelvis, quantitative CRP levels were closely correlated with the responses and failures of therapy. The results of this study showed the two antibiotic regimens to be equally effective, with 23 of 25 patients in each treatment group achieving a satisfactory response. The fact that ceftizoxime was effective in four of five patients with Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical isolates suggests that intravenous therapy for the acute infection can be accomplished without the addition of an antichlamydial agent. Upon discharge from the hospital, patients can continue therapy with an oral drug that is specifically active against Chlamydia. PMID- 3480077 TI - Proliferation kinetics of plasma cells and of normal haemopoietic cells in multiple myeloma. AB - DNA synthesis time (Ts) and 3H thymidine (TdR) labelling index (LI) of bone marrow (BM) myelomatous plasma cells (PC) and of the residual haemopoietic cell population (RHCP) were measured by in vitro quantitative 14C-TdR autoradiography in five patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in different phases of disease (three at presentation and two at relapse) and in one patient with solitary extra osseous myeloma. One other patient with plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) was studied during an initial relapse phase and later during the leukaemic terminal phase. PC Ts was 18.8 +/- 3.7 (from 13.3 to 25.0) hr and PC LI was 2.5 +/- 1.8% (from 1.0 to 6.3%). In the case of PCL, circulating PC had a Ts of 14.4 hr and a LI of 3.1. From these experimental measurements, the fractional turnover rate (FTR percentage of cells produced per unit time) and the potential doubling time (Td) of BMPC were calculated assuming that all BMPC were in a steady-state at the time of the study. BMPC FTR was 3.53 +/- 2.3% cells per day (from 1.2 to 6.72) and BMPC Td was 46.8 +/- 27.5 days (from 15.0 to 75.4). Comparison with results obtained in BM blasts of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) indicated that BMPC had a lower proliferative activity (P less than 0.001), although BMPC Ts was not significantly different. In two patients a tumour doubling time of 6 and 13 months was determined by clinical follow up. Comparison of this parameter with Td showed a cell loss factor of more than 90% in both patients. Kinetic data relative to RHCP showed slight variations with respect to those found in normal subjects, with a general tendency towards a prolongation of Ts and a reduction of LI. PMID- 3480078 TI - Detection of DNA sites damaged by 1-(4-amino-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2 chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) using a DNA sequencing procedure. AB - A DNA sequencing technique was applied to the highly reiterated DNA from HeLa S3 cells in order to detect DNA damage induced by the antitumor drug, 1-(4-amino-2 methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU). A DNA reiterated fragment of 92 base pairs (bp) was isolated by gel electrophoresis after EcoRI and EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion. In the defined sequence of the 92 bp fragment, ACNU caused damage and modifications primarily at guanine moieties, leading to alkali-labile sites as determined by subsequent piperidine reaction on an extended Maxam-Gilbert sequencing gel. These results indicate that guanine moieties in double-stranded DNA are preferentially vulnerable to ACNU over other base moieties. PMID- 3480079 TI - Killing of Friend erythroleukaemia cells by cytochalasin B is cell cycle specific. AB - Exposure to 2.0 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B causes loss of viability in Friend erythroleukaemia cells. This effect is only observed however in cells undergoing mitosis. PMID- 3480080 TI - Thromboxane and 5-HETE increase after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits. AB - Eicosanoids are known mediators of inflammation, vascular permeability, and are involved in microcirculatory blood flow regulation. To study their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of CNS trauma we used a rabbit spinal cord trauma model. Rabbits were subjected to lumbar spinal cord trauma produced by a modification of the Allen weight-drop method. TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) release from spinal cord slices incubated ex vivo were measured by radioimmunoassay at 5, 30 min, 24 hrs, and 2 wks after trauma. Five and 30 min after trauma the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio was elevated and the release of 5-HETE at 5 min after trauma increased in the injured spinal cord whereas release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 remained at base-line levels. In the thoracic spinal cord, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release were increased at 30 min after trauma. Release of 5-HETE from the injured spinal cord was also elevated 24 hrs after trauma. Two wks after trauma, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release were also elevated in the injured spinal cord. Measurements of tissue water content by microgravimetry indicated progressive edema in the injury site while histopathological evaluation indicated progressive damage and tissue destruction. The results of this study suggest that eicosanoids may be involved in the pathophysiology of spinal cord trauma through two potential mechanisms: 1) site specific increase in the TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio immediately following trauma which is due primarily to an increase in TXA2 synthesis; 2) the increase synthesis of 5-HETE which signals the activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism and production of mediators that are involved in inflammatory mechanisms and may affect local blood flow regulation and blood spinal cord barrier integrity. PMID- 3480081 TI - Cellular and plasma adriamycin concentrations in long-term infusion therapy of leukemia patients. AB - To determine whether long-term adriamycin (ADM) infusions resulted in cellular ADM concentrations at least comparable to those observed after bolus injections, ADM cellular and plasma concentrations were measured in 18 patients with leukemia. ADM was administered at 30 mg/m2 per day for 3 days, either as bolus injections or as 4-, 8-, or 72-h infusions. Negligible accumulation of plasma ADM was observed. Peak plasma ADM concentrations after bolus injections were 1640 +/- 470 ng/ml (n = 7). Maximum levels were 176 +/- 34 ng/ml during 4-h infusion (n = 5); 85 +/- 50 ng/ml during 8-h infusion (n = 4); and 47 +/- 5 ng/ml (n = 2) after 72-h infusion. ADM concentrations in nucleated blood and bone marrow cells correlated well (r = 0.82, n = 47). ADM accumulated in leukemic cells up to 30 100 times the plasma concentrations. The shorter the administration time-span, the higher the peak leukemic cell concentration and the greater the loss of drug immediately after the end of the administration. The final cellular ADM half-life was approximately 85-110 h. After long-term infusion and bolus injection of the same dose, similar areas under the curve for plasma or leukemic blast cell ADM concentrations were attained. Since comparable therapeutic efficacy was observed in all regimens, the antileukemic effect appeared not to be related to the peak plasma concentrations, while acute toxicity phenomena decreased with increasing duration of the infusion. Long-term ADM infusion deserves more attention in the treatment of patients with anthracyclines. PMID- 3480082 TI - Detection and characterization of circulating immune complexes in HIV-related diseases. AB - Using an ultracentrifugation technique human immunosuppressive virus (HIV) (GP15 and GP41), anti-HIV (anti-GP15 and anti-GP41) immune complexes were detected in the sera of 3 (1 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 1 AIDS related complex (ARC), 1 Lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS] out of 6 patients studied. Evidence for presence of HIV immune complexes was provided by: 1) demonstration of GP15 anti-GP15 and GP41 anti-GP41 immune complexes at neutral pH (pH 7.2); and 2) presence of free HIV antigen and specific HIV antibodies after dissociation of immune complex-like material with acid buffer. Formation of specific immune complexes in the sera of AIDS and ARC patients may be responsible for failure to detect free HIV antibodies in some of these patients. PMID- 3480083 TI - Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in the sera of healthy subjects at risk for AIDS. AB - Analysis of serum samples from 68 healthy subjects seropositive for HTLV-III antibodies was performed by high-resolution zone electrophoresis. A high incidence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands was detected in the sera of these subjects compared with absence of these bands in the sera of healthy seronegative controls. Identification of the immunoglobulin bands by immunofixation revealed a single heavy chain IgG, single kappa and mixed kappa and lambda light chains. The presence or absence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands, determined by zone electrophoresis in serum samples from healthy subjects who have been exposed to HTLV-III, may prove to be a useful biochemical marker for following the course of infection and for determining a prognosis. PMID- 3480084 TI - Cyclic fluctuations in fasting serum bile acid levels detected with a sensitive enzyme/bioluminescent assay. AB - A sensitive two-step bioluminescent assay for total serum bile acids was developed using commercially available enzymes. In the first step, the bile acids present in 10 microL of alkali-treated serum were oxidised at pH 9.5 by high purity 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to form NADH. Then, NADH was quantitated at pH 6.5 under optimal conditions for bioluminescence using FMN:NADH oxidoreductase and luciferase from Photobacterium fischeri. The enzyme/bioluminescent assay correlated well with gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay methods. Assay of fasting sera in eight healthy subjects revealed cyclic fluctuations in bile acid concentrations which were inversely related to gallbladder volume. These results provide biochemical evidence for interdigestive partial gallbladder emptying as a normal physiological process. PMID- 3480085 TI - Xanthine lithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure in a leukemia patient treated with allopurinol. AB - An 11-year-old boy who presented in acute renal failure with significant increases of uric acid and phosphorus in his serum was discovered to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Five years later, he had a second and similar episode of acute renal failure, which was responsive to hemodialysis. After three months of daily therapy with allopurinol, a third and final episode of renal failure was unresponsive to peritoneal dialysis. Autopsy revealed an obstructive uropathy; focal nephrocalcinosis; and multiple, small, tan calculi in the calyces of both kidneys. Systemic cryptococcosis was also discovered. The stones, characterized by paper chromatography, electrophoresis, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy, were 82% xanthine, 15% oxypurinol, and 3% hypoxanthine. We suggest that attention to the effects of accelerated tumor-cell lysis may protect renal function in patients with a large and drug-sensitive tumor cell load. Similarly, early detection of the fungal complications of leukemic therapy is an essential component of the treatment program. PMID- 3480086 TI - New type of spinocerebellar degeneration syndrome in a northern Swedish population. AB - A follow-up investigation of 24 patients with hereditary spasticity in a geographically isolated northern Swedish population, first examined by Book (1953), was performed. Fifteen of them were dead. During the period from 1950 1972 five new cases of spastic syndromes were diagnosed in this population. The patterns of clinical symptoms and the genetic associations between the new and 24 previously reported patients with spastic syndromes were analyzed. Three of the five new cases had a specific syndrome. This starts in the first years of life with ataxia, which is followed by dysarthria, spasticity and jerky intention tremor. Initially the patients are mentally normal, but there seems to be slight mental deterioration through the years. The disorder is a progressive spinocerebellar degeneration with autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 3480087 TI - Effects of sodium loading on the renal synthesis of prostanoids in the rat. AB - 1. The production of prostaglandin (PG) E2, F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) by isolated glomeruli, cortical tubular suspensions and medullary and papillary slices was measured in normal Long-Evans rats 4, 8 and 14 days after starting on oral Na+ load and the results were compared with those of rats on a normal Na+ intake. 2. In glomeruli, PGE2 decreased at days 4 and 8, and returned to normal at 14 days. PGF2 alpha decreased only at day 4 and TXB2 decreased in all Na+ loaded animals. In cortical suspensions, a transient decrease of PGE2 was observed at day 4. In medullary slices, PGE2 and TXB2 decreased in all experimental periods. In contrast, in papillae, a significant increase of PGE2 was observed with Na+ loading at day 8, but PGF2 alpha and TXB2 did not change consistently. 3. Similar changes were observed in rats with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI rats) Na+ loaded for 4 days, as compared with DI rats on a normal Na+ intake. 4. The results suggest that prostanoids participate in the renal adaptation to an increased Na+ intake, and that this response is relatively independent of the presence of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 3480088 TI - ARAMIS today: moving toward internationally distributed databank systems for follow-up studies. AB - The American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System (ARAMIS) is a consortium of North American rheumatic disease data banks. Founded in 1974, it has grown to include more than 16 centers, 22,000 patients, 140,000 patient encounters, and 80,000,000 observations. Traditionally, data storage and computer programs have resided on the IBM "2"-370 system at Stanford University. Distant peripheral centers have entered and retrieved data and performed analyses using proprietary long distance telephone networks. With growth, ARAMIS has placed strong emphasis on data quality and epidemiological soundness. "Core" groups at Stanford specifically address issues of quality control, biostatistics, health care economics, outcome assessment, study design, and administration. Advances in microcomputers and software has led ARAMIS to begin a migration from mainframe computing to distributed systems using IBM PC/XT/AT type computers and the Medlog software system. Substantial cost savings have been noted with distributed processing. The ability to easily transfer data and software forms a groundwork for international data banks and data exchange, but common vocabulary and common quality control procedures are essential for effective international cooperation and exchange. PMID- 3480089 TI - Protein binding of ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and ceftizoxime. PMID- 3480090 TI - Spontaneous recall as an indicator of the impact of dental complaints. AB - A hypothesis was developed that the impact or importance of oral health problems may be reflected in a person's ability to remember these problems occurring in a given period spontaneously. That means that the recollection should occur on a nonspecific stimulant, i.e. a general question regarding recall of health problems. This hypothesis was first tested on existing data. A representative sample (n = 1622) of the Dutch population was asked to list all the health problems they had experienced the preceding year. Only 13 persons mentioned an oral health problem. From more specific questions on dental matters it appeared that about 15% of the sample had experienced oral health problems in this period. One hundred and forty-six respondents indeed had received dental care because of acute pain. These data indicate that the impact of oral health problems on a person's daily life is small. Otherwise the oral health problem would have been mentioned spontaneously more often. Three possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3480091 TI - Prediction of periodontal treatment capacity. AB - This study analyzes factors having influence on dentists' capacity to give periodontal therapy. The data was collected by the questionnaire from 134 randomly selected Finnish dentists. The effects were examined by two- and multiway frequency tables. The results indicated that the time since graduation had the strongest single effect. Also the prediction categories dealing with continuing education and scientific interest were related to periodontal capacities of dentists. The combined effects of certain variables as sex, type of position and place of practice indicate that the cumulation of certain favourable factors is needed to accomplish periodontal therapy in Finland. It was concluded that the promotion of periodontal care can be realized reliably by improved levels of undergraduate and postgraduate education. PMID- 3480092 TI - Dietary habits, gingival status and occurrence of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli as predictors of caries in 3-year-olds in Sweden. AB - The aim was to study whether dietary habits, oral hygiene expressed as gingival status, and presence/absence of S. mutans and lactobacilli, singly or in combinations, could be used as caries predictors. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for positive (PV+) and negative tests (PV-) were calculated. 133 children, 3 yr of age, were examined for caries and presence/absence of S. mutans and lactobacilli. Three levels of gingival status and dietary habits, respectively, were registered. Two groups in respect of dietary habits and oral hygiene were formed by stepwise pooling of the caries data for the nine possible combinations of oral hygiene and dietary habits, setting the most discriminating border (screening level) where sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.69) simultaneously reached their highest value. PV + was 0.58 and PV- 0.91. Higher predictive values were obtained when presence/absence of lactobacilli and of S. mutans were combined. Combinations of defined levels of dietary habits, gingival status and presence/absence of lactobacilli showed sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.95, PV + 0.87 and PV- 0.95, presence/absence of S. mutans sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.76, PV + 0.74 and PV- 0.95. A two-step prediction, with gingival status as the first predictor and presence/absence of lactobacilli or S. mutans as the second, was the most efficient when lactobacilli were involved. PMID- 3480093 TI - Caries prediction through combined use of incipient caries lesions, salivary buffering capacity, lactobacilli and yeasts in Hungary [corrected]. AB - The caries predictive value of incipient caries lesions (INC), salivary buffering capacity (DBPH), and salivary lactobacilli and yeasts (DCOC) was studied using logistic regression models. Additionally the effect of age was analysed. The subjects (n = 284) were from 7 to 12 yr of age (categorized less than or equal to 9 yr and greater than or equal to 10 yr). The measurements were carried out with Dentocult, Oricult and Dentobuff chair-side methods (Orion Diagnostica, Helsinki) in two groups of a field study. INC and DCOC contributed significantly to prediction in both groups. The estimated odds for being a caries active subject were about 20-fold in one group and 33.5-fold in greater than or equal to 10 yr in the other, when a child had positive values for INC and DCOC, in comparison with all negative values. Additionally DBPH had predictive value in both age categories in the latter group. Although the prediction was not perfect on an individual basis (correct in about 70% of subjects) the estimated odds-ratios clearly describe the differences in the susceptibility to caries. The results suggest that the present variables, especially in combination, have good ability to distinguish subjects in respect of high and low caries increment. PMID- 3480095 TI - Mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and caries prevalence in 11- and 12-year-old Icelandic children. AB - Since the caries prevalence has not declined in Iceland as it has in other European countries, it was of interest to study the presence of cariogenic bacteria in Icelandic children. The prevalence of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli was examined in 217 11- and 12-yr-old Icelandic children and was related to their caries prevalence. In 2% of the children mutans streptococci were not found whereas 31% and 35% of the 11-yr-olds and 12-yr-olds respectively carried more than 10(6) CFU per ml saliva. Lactobacilli were not detected in 8% of the children whereas 28% of the 11-yr-olds and 23% of the 12-yr-olds had more than 10(5) CFU per ml saliva. The mean caries prevalence (DFS), initial caries included, for 11-yr-olds was 21.6 and for 12-yr-olds 28.8. Both mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were significantly correlated to each other as well as to caries prevalence. An increased number of these microorganisms, especially the mutans streptococci, were associated with an increased DFS. Children with high salivary counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli showed four times higher DFS than children with low numbers. The magnitude of salivary cariogenic bacteria as well as caries prevalence was found to resemble the situation in Sweden 10 yr ago. S. mutans (serotype c/e/f) was carried by all mutans streptococci positive children. S. sobrinus (serotype d/g) was found in 60 children (30.2%). Children with both S. mutans and S. sobrinus had significantly higher salivary counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli as well as caries prevalence than children with only S. mutans. PMID- 3480094 TI - Comparison of the crown size of teeth in children from a high and an optimum fluoride area in South Africa. AB - An odontometric analysis was undertaken of the teeth of 6-7 and 14-15-yr-old schoolchildren exposed throughout life to a naturally fluoridated drinking water supply (2.5 ppm) in Klipfontein and of equivalent children living in the adjacent area of Garies (1.06 ppm). Measurements were made of the mesio-distal diameter of permanent maxillary and mandibular central incisors, second premolars and first and second molars; in addition, bucco-lingual measurements of the molars were made. In comparing the dimensions of teeth in the high- and optimum-fluoride samples, a tendency towards smaller dimensions in the former group was observed, but statistically significant differences applied to only some of the measurements. This finding suggests a reducing influence on crown size of an increase in the level of fluoride in the drinking water. Coupled with previous findings that increased the fluoride level from low or zero to optimal results in a reduction in crown size, an inverse relationship between crown size and fluoride level in the drinking water appears possible, but has not been confirmed in this study. PMID- 3480096 TI - Periodontal conditions in adolescents, 15-19 years of age: an overview of CPITN data in the WHO Global Oral Data Bank. AB - Results of 61 CPITN surveys in 39 countries for the age group 15-19 yr, stored in the WHO Global Oral Data Bank as of 1 July 1987, are assembled in an overview showing percentages of persons according to the highest score for each person and the mean numbers of sextants affected per person. The most frequently observed condition was score 2 (calculus with or without bleeding), although some shallow pocketing of 4 or 5 mm was present in most populations surveyed. It should thus be emphasized that the major thrust of activities in periodontal care should be in health promotion and education, leading to improved oral hygiene. PMID- 3480097 TI - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint in 211 patients: symptoms and treatment. AB - This report is a retrospective evaluation of 211 patients (75% women, 25% men) treated for TMJ clicking and/or TMJ incoordination at the University Hospital, Copenhagen, in 1971-77. In both sexes, the age group 20-30 yr dominated and the main part of the population belonged to the social middle class. The reasons for seeking treatment were mainly TMJ sounds, pain and impaired mandibular mobility. Neither subjective complaints nor objective signs of dysfunction were associated with dental/occlusal status or with the presence of malocclusions. The patients had been treated with reversible modalities (65%), occlusal adjustment (8%) and counseling alone (27%). Of the actively treated patients, 43% had experienced relief within 1 month and at the end of treatment 72% had reduced or no symptoms. It was not possible to demonstrate any association between the duration of symptoms before treatment and the duration of treatment/number of consultations. PMID- 3480098 TI - Long-term evaluation of 211 patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. AB - This report is a long-term evaluation of 211 patients (158 women, 53 men) with TMJ clicking and/or TMJ incoordination, treated at the University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark, in the years 1971-77. Information on present symptoms and the effect of the initial treatment was obtained from questionnaires. Standard treatment procedures had been used in 153 patients while 58 patients had had counseling only. In the actively treated group, 59% were still doing well, 30% had unchanged symptoms and 5% experienced aggravated symptoms. In the counseled group, 40% were free of symptoms, 50% had unchanged symptoms and 7% aggravated symptoms. A highly significant association was found between the absence or presence of symptoms at the end of treatment according to patient records and the evaluation of the initial effect of treatment 8-15 yr later, which indicates that reliable results can be expected from a long-term evaluation of TMJ dysfunction patients. In the sample as a whole, the frequency of TMJ sounds was unchanged compared to the time of treatment (64% vs 66%). A significantly higher frequency was, however, found in the untreated group, indicating that treatment might have a positive effect on TMJ sounds. The frequency of recurrent headache had increased considerably over the years (6% vs 34%), 32% still experienced pain/tenderness on mandibular movement, 24% suffered from impaired mandibular mobility and 82% were aware of bruxism/clenching of teeth. Furthermore, we found a significant association between headache before treatment and headache, awareness of bruxism and clenching of teeth at the time of evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480099 TI - The immunological study of patients with endometriosis. PMID- 3480101 TI - Multivariate analysis of karyotypic abnormality in leukemia facilitated by numerical encoding of cytogenetic data. AB - A system is proposed whereby human karyotype data is expressed in quantitative terms rather than in the ISCN (1985) terminology used at present. This recoding facilitates application of multivariate analysis using standard statistical packages. As an example, karyotypes of 714 cases from 11 leukemias (Mitelman, 1983) are here recorded and subjected to discriminant analysis (SPSSx, 1983). Significant karyotypic specificity is apparent in six of the 11 FAB leukemia types. Four others show insignificant levels of specificity, while the last is equivocal. These results merely confirm present views. However, their generation by means of computerized multivariate analysis is novel, and confirms the feasibility of the approach. In this quantitative form, karyotypic data may be combined with any other data of diagnostic or prognostic value. Given such a consolidated data set, desired information concerning any aspect of neoplasia could be extracted via a single procedure. PMID- 3480100 TI - Is urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion correlated to urinary excretion of calcium, sodium and potassium? PMID- 3480102 TI - [Combined endotracheal and local infiltration anesthesia with adrenaline in surgery of the head and neck]. PMID- 3480103 TI - [Preoperative jaw orthopedics and the surgical care of bilateral medial oculo oral clefts]. PMID- 3480104 TI - [Reconstruction of lip defects using innervated arterial myocutaneous flaps and the specifics of anesthesia]. PMID- 3480105 TI - Communicating with the older patient. PMID- 3480106 TI - Medical history. PMID- 3480107 TI - Infection control: a team effort. PMID- 3480108 TI - Current trends in event-related potential research. Papers presented at the Eighth International Conference on Event-Related Potentials of the Brain. Stanford University, California, June 22-28, 1986. PMID- 3480109 TI - Autonomic and ERP responses to deviant stimuli: analysis of covariation. PMID- 3480111 TI - The mismatch negativity to intensity changes in an auditory stimulus sequence. PMID- 3480110 TI - The spatial orienting of attention: sensory facilitation or response bias? PMID- 3480112 TI - Precentral potential shifts related to motor preparation and stimulus anticipation: a replication. PMID- 3480113 TI - Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials are unaltered during the orienting response. PMID- 3480114 TI - Endogenous components reflecting visual attention and controlled search to coloured stimuli. PMID- 3480115 TI - Evidence for effects of selective attention in the mid-latency range of the human auditory event-related potential. PMID- 3480116 TI - Scalp topographies dissociate N1 and Nd components during auditory selective attention. PMID- 3480117 TI - Stimulus intensity and task complexity effects on late components of the event related potential. PMID- 3480118 TI - Cerebral potentials preceding and accompanying verbal and spatial tasks. PMID- 3480119 TI - Bit-mapped scalp field topographies of early and late cognitive components to somatosensory (finger) target stimuli. PMID- 3480120 TI - P300 components to frequent standard stimuli in a 3-tone paradigm reflect task strategy. PMID- 3480121 TI - Event-related potential processing negativities related to workload. PMID- 3480122 TI - Event-related potential evidence for individual differences in a mental rotation task. PMID- 3480123 TI - Emotional value and late positive components of ERPs. PMID- 3480124 TI - Learning where to look: electrophysiological and behavioral indices of visual search in young and old subjects. PMID- 3480125 TI - Retinal and cortical augmenting-reducing to flash and pattern reversal stimuli. PMID- 3480126 TI - N2 and P3 of the ERP to Go and Nogo stimuli: a stimulus-response association and dissociation. PMID- 3480127 TI - P3 as an index of visual information processing. PMID- 3480128 TI - Surface electric fields during CNV activity. PMID- 3480129 TI - Event-related potentials to deviations of pitch and of timing. PMID- 3480130 TI - Event-related potentials to pitch change in an auditory stimulus sequence during sleep. PMID- 3480131 TI - Automatic elicitation of cognitive components by startling stimuli. PMID- 3480133 TI - The continuous flow model revisited: perceptual and central motor aspects. PMID- 3480132 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in the event-related potentials associated with automatic detection and controlled search. PMID- 3480134 TI - Circadian variation in the visual evoked potential (VEP). PMID- 3480135 TI - Stimulus intensity, contrast, and complexity have additive effects on P300 latency. PMID- 3480136 TI - Intersubject variability elucidates the cerebral generators and psychological correlates of ERPs. PMID- 3480137 TI - Slow brain potentials and their relation to the structure of behavior: data on cortical unit activity. PMID- 3480138 TI - Affective valence and information processing. PMID- 3480139 TI - Event-related covariances of a bimanual visuomotor task. PMID- 3480140 TI - Event-related potentials (ERPs) in simple conditioning paradigms. PMID- 3480141 TI - Event-related potentials during continuous recognition memory. PMID- 3480142 TI - The frontal theta rhythm indicating motor and cognitive learning. PMID- 3480143 TI - Slow negative potential shifts in a verbal concept formation task. PMID- 3480144 TI - Electrophysiological indices of visual selection and memory search in young and old adults. PMID- 3480145 TI - Recognition memory for pictures and words: the effect of incidental and intentional learning on N400. PMID- 3480146 TI - Pavlovian conditioning of cortical event-related potentials. PMID- 3480147 TI - Brain responses to concrete and abstract words reflect processes that correlate with later performance on a test of stem-completion priming. PMID- 3480148 TI - Central and peripheral correlates of orienting and habituation. PMID- 3480149 TI - Overview of language and hemispheric specialization. PMID- 3480150 TI - Progress in brain potential studies of language. PMID- 3480151 TI - Event-related potentials in a lexical and object decision task. PMID- 3480152 TI - An ERP analysis of repetition priming in bilinguals. PMID- 3480153 TI - Event-related potentials to spoken equations: is the N400 really a late N200? PMID- 3480154 TI - Automatic and attentional priming in a letter classification task. PMID- 3480155 TI - Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited during rapid serial visual presentation of congruous and incongruous sentences. PMID- 3480156 TI - Differences in slow potentials in bereitschaftspotential and contingent negative variation producing situations. PMID- 3480157 TI - A comparison of first- and second-language ERPs in bilinguals. PMID- 3480158 TI - Event-related potentials during lexical decision: effects of repetition, word frequency, pronounceability, and concreteness. PMID- 3480159 TI - Event-related potentials elicited by familiar and unfamiliar faces. PMID- 3480160 TI - Source localization of long-latency auditory evoked magnetic fields in human temporal cortex. PMID- 3480161 TI - Endogenous components of event-related potentials in hippocampus: an analysis with freely moving cats. PMID- 3480162 TI - Subcortical contributions to the auditory N1: a comparison of distributions of the N1 and wave V of the BAEP. PMID- 3480164 TI - Midlatency auditory evoked responses in the human and the cat model. AB - Findings from the experiments summarized above indicate that the MRL components, Pa and P1, are differentially affected by several functional and parametric variables, suggesting that each of these components reflects a separate and distinct generator system. Moreover, the similarities between the human Pa and the cat wave 7 suggest an auditory cortex origin of this component. The similarities between the human P1 and the cat wave A suggest that in the human, as in the cat, this potential may be generated by a component of the ascending reticular activating system. PMID- 3480163 TI - Brain-stem and cortical auditory evoked potentials in rats chronically exposed to alcohol in utero. PMID- 3480165 TI - Bereitschaftspotential in children. PMID- 3480166 TI - A cat model of the P300: searching for generator substrates in the auditory cortex and medial septal area. PMID- 3480167 TI - The effects of locus coeruleus lesions on a squirrel monkey late positive component: a preliminary study. PMID- 3480169 TI - Hippocampal potentials related to signal stimuli in unrestrained rats. PMID- 3480170 TI - Functional localization of current sources in the human brain associated with the discrimination of moving visual stimuli. PMID- 3480168 TI - Localization of a 50 msec latency auditory evoked field component. PMID- 3480171 TI - Acute and chronic effects of piracetam administration on the bereitschaftspotential in normal children. PMID- 3480172 TI - Scalp distribution of the P3 component of event-related potentials during acute ethanol intoxication: a pilot study. PMID- 3480173 TI - Effects of clonidine on event-related potential measures of information processing. PMID- 3480174 TI - Slow negative potential shifts in conflicting response paradigms. PMID- 3480175 TI - What's done can't always be undone: the effects of stimulant drugs and dopamine blockers on information processing. PMID- 3480176 TI - Dextroamphetamine effects on CNV magnitude in type A and B individuals. PMID- 3480177 TI - The influence of biperidene on the EEG power spectra during the bereitschaftspotential paradigm. PMID- 3480178 TI - Acute effects of alcohol on ERPs and CNV in a paired stimulus paradigm. PMID- 3480180 TI - Development of the late components of auditory brain potentials from early childhood to adulthood. PMID- 3480179 TI - Modulation of auditory evoked potentials with increasing stimulus intensity in autistic children. PMID- 3480181 TI - Visual event-related potentials of infants during a modified oddball procedure. PMID- 3480183 TI - Sensory gating as a physiological mechanism for visual selective attention. PMID- 3480182 TI - Developmental changes in ERPs and monoamine metabolites in normal, mentally retarded and autistic children. PMID- 3480184 TI - The relationship of late positive ERPs, age, intelligence and lead absorption in socioeconomically disadvantaged children. PMID- 3480185 TI - Test-retest reliability of flash-evoked potentials in a field sample: a 5 year follow-up in schoolchildren with and without psychiatric disturbances. PMID- 3480186 TI - Test-retest reliability of spectral parameters of the resting EEG in a field sample: a 5 year follow-up in schoolchildren with and without psychiatric disturbances. PMID- 3480187 TI - ERPs suggest the importance of subcortical mechanisms in activities typically associated with cortical functions. PMID- 3480188 TI - Probability processing in depressed patients. PMID- 3480189 TI - Neurophysiological assessment of selective attention in males at risk for alcoholism. PMID- 3480190 TI - Event-related potentials in disordered short-term memory in man. PMID- 3480191 TI - P3 evoked by visual feedback in normal and closed head-injured subjects. PMID- 3480193 TI - The effect of selective attention on augmenting/intensity function of the early negative waves of AEPs. PMID- 3480192 TI - Comparative event-related potential (ERP) studies of attention impairment in workers exposed to organic solvents, in chronic alcoholics and in a group of depressed inpatients. PMID- 3480194 TI - P200 topographic alterations in schizophrenia: evidence for left temporal centroparietal region deficits. PMID- 3480195 TI - P300 topographic alterations in schizophrenia: a replication study. PMID- 3480196 TI - Task-related changes in P300 scalp distribution in temporal lobectomy patients. PMID- 3480197 TI - Language information processing in schizophrenia. PMID- 3480198 TI - Effect of chronic alcohol intake and short-term abstinence on early sensory EPs and late 'cognitive' ERPs. PMID- 3480200 TI - Event-related potentials in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 3480199 TI - Changes in electrophysiological and biological variables with aging: a study on 25 elderly women. PMID- 3480201 TI - Evaluation of event-related potentials in schizophrenia using principal components analysis. PMID- 3480202 TI - Effects of modality shift on event-related potentials and reaction time of chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 3480203 TI - Electroretinographic assessment in schizophrenia. PMID- 3480204 TI - Electrophysiological evidence of visual processing in a blind field. PMID- 3480205 TI - P3, PCA and schizophrenia: amplitude or latency? PMID- 3480206 TI - Topographic effects of attention and subjective figure perception in adaptively segmented ERP map series. PMID- 3480208 TI - Autoregressive-exogenous filters for single-trial analysis of movement-related brain macropotentials in children. PMID- 3480207 TI - Contingent negative variation in major depressive patients. PMID- 3480209 TI - The timing and polarity of different attention-related ERP changes inside and outside of the attentional focus. PMID- 3480210 TI - ERPs in a combined memory comparison and selective attention paradigm. PMID- 3480211 TI - Topographic study of auditory attention-related waveforms: a preliminary report. PMID- 3480213 TI - Radiographic lesions of endodontic origin: significance of location. PMID- 3480212 TI - Visual selective attention during meaningful noise and after sleep deprivation. PMID- 3480214 TI - Anesthetizing the "hot" tooth. PMID- 3480215 TI - File bending: essential for management of curved canals. PMID- 3480216 TI - Ultrasonics in endodontics: an evaluation of efficacy. PMID- 3480217 TI - Concentrations of uterine luminal prostaglandins in mares with acute and persistent endometritis. AB - Intrauterine infusion of 1 per cent oyster glycogen solution was used to induce acute endometritis in four genitally normal mares. Numbers of viable neutrophils recovered in uterine washings had increased by 1 h after infusion and remained elevated for at least 72 h. There was a significant correlation between numbers of viable neutrophils and total protein concentrations and between prostaglandin (PG)F and PGE2 concentrations in washings. There was also a significant relationship between concentrations of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro PGF2 alpha in plasma and PGF in washings. Intrauterine concentrations of PGF were influenced by cycle stage and in turn the induced acute endometritis interfered with normal ovarian function. Mares with persistent endometritis had significantly higher concentrations of PGF and total protein and percentage of neutrophils and mononuclear cells in washings than normal mares. White blood cells from mares were capable of producing PGF and PGE2 in vitro. PMID- 3480218 TI - Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin. The elucidation of the complete amino acid sequence of subunit a. AB - As a final step in the elucidation of the primary structure of subunit a of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin (657 residues, Mr 75696 excluding two copper ions and carbohydrate), the amino acid sequence of the largest fragment obtained by limited trypsinolysis was determined. The elucidation of the sequence of residues 176-657, comprising domains two and three, was mainly based on two digests, with CNBr and trypsin, respectively, from both of which a complete set of peptides was obtained. Additional sequence information was obtained from a digest with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and from one fragment obtained by cleaving subunit a with hydroxylamine. A block during Edman degradations indicated an Asn-Gly sequence at positions 597-598, although only aspartic acid was identified at position 597. PMID- 3480219 TI - Metabolism of the vitamin D3 derivative (24R)-hydroxycalcidiol by human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Isolation and identification of (5Z) and (5E)-(24R)-19-nor-10-oxo-24-hydroxycalcidiol. AB - Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells) incubated with (24R) hydroxy[26,27-methyl-3H]calcidiol (0.2 microCi) or non-radioactive (24R) hydroxycalcidiol (370 micrograms) produced significant quantities of two new vitamin D3 (calciol) metabolites. The metabolites were isolated from HL-60 cell culture media by methanol/chloroform extraction and a series of chromatographic procedures. The two new metabolites were identified as (5Z)- and (5E)-(24R)-19 nor-10-oxo-24-hydroxycalcidiol by HPLC analysis, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry. According to the isolation and purification procedures, the total amounts of 3.04 micrograms (5Z)-(24R)-19-nor-10-oxo-24-hydroxycalcidiol (lambda max = 310 nm, epsilon = 17070 M-1 cm-1) and 8.89 micrograms (5E)-(24R)-19 nor-10-oxo-24-hydroxycalcidiol (lambda max = 312 nm, e = 24,500 M-1 cm-1) were calculated, assuming an Mr of 418. The activity of 19-nor-10-oxo-(24R) hydroxycalcidiol to promote HL-60 cell differentiation was higher than the activity of the precursor (24R)-hydroxycalcidiol suggesting a possible biological action of this metabolite in HL-60 cells. PMID- 3480220 TI - Characterization of a casein kinase which interacts with the rabbit progesterone receptor. Differences with the in vivo hormone-dependent phosphorylation. AB - Previous in vivo studies have shown that the rabbit progesterone receptor undergoes two phosphorylation reactions: one basal and a second one which is hormone-dependent. We report here on the presence and characteristics of a kinase activity found in receptor preparations highly purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. 1. This kinase activity is not due to the receptor molecule itself since the two proteins may be separated by several chromatographic and immunological methods. 2. The presence of the kinase in receptor preparations is not an artefact of the purification procedure. The kinase binds to the receptor as shown by coelution in immunoaffinity experiments and during various chromatographies. This interaction probably takes place in vivo and is not artefactually formed during solubilization of the receptor since the kinase also copurifies with receptors isolated from the uterine nuclei of progestin-treated rabbits. 3. This enzyme may be classified as a casein kinase since it readily phosphorylates the latter substrate (Km approximately equal to 0.15 mg/ml) and is not regulated by cyclic nucleotides, Ca2+ and calmodulin or phospholipids. Its classification as a casein kinase I or II is difficult since on the one hand it is inhibited by heparin, activated by polyamines and may use both ATP and GTP, but on the other hand it modifies only serine residues, and is not inhibited by heparin when the receptor itself is employed as a substrate. 4. The kinase which copurifies with the receptor does not mimic in vitro the effects of the hormone dependent phosphorylation of the receptor observed in vivo: there is no enhancement of kinase activity by the hormone, and the phosphorylated receptor does not exhibit the characteristic "upshift" in its electrophoretic mobility. Thus either this kinase is not the enzyme responsible for the hormone-dependent receptor phosphorylation or, during purification, a factor has been lost which is necessary for retaining the hormone dependency of the reaction. PMID- 3480221 TI - The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of enoxacin. AB - We have studied the pharmacokinetics of enoxacin in two groups of subjects, 10 young (18-45 years) and 10 elderly adults (greater than 65 years) after a single oral dose of enoxacin (600 mg). Enoxacin was absorbed rapidly, peak plasma concentrations being reached within two hours in both groups. However, the peak plasma concentration of enoxacin was significantly higher in the elderly than in the young adults. The area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity was also significantly greater in the elderly compared with the young subjects, and the apparent renal clearance was significantly less in the elderly than in the young adults. Consequently, the urinary elimination of unchanged enoxacin was significantly reduced in the elderly. The apparent volume of distribution in the elderly was significantly less than in the young adults. The elimination half-time of enoxacin was similar in the two groups. PMID- 3480222 TI - Enoxacin--a potent inhibitor of theophylline metabolism. AB - The mechanism of the theophylline-enoxacin interaction has been studied in six healthy subjects. Theophylline 250 mg was administered p.o., twice daily for 11 days in a sustained release dosage form. On the 4th day of treatment, blood samples were taken every 2 h and urine was collected over 1 dose interval. From Days 5 to 11 coated tablets of enoxacin 400 mg b.i.d. were coadministered. On Day 11 blood and urine were collected as on Day 4. The mean plasma theophylline concentration rose from 4.4 to 15.1 mg/l, corresponding to a 73.6% reduction in total clearance. The urinary excretion of unchanged theophylline increased from 12.7 to 35.3%, whereas the production of metabolites was reduced (1-demethylation 81.4%; 3-demethylation 83.1%, 8-hydroxylation 74.6%). The results indicate that the theophylline-enoxacin interaction may be due to inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 isozymes responsible for theophylline metabolism. Unexpectedly, the renal clearance of theophylline metabolites was found to be drastically reduced when enoxacin was coadministered. This led to unchanged or even to elevated plasma levels of the metabolites. The mechanism of this interaction is still to be elucidated, but it may be due to competition for renal tubular secretion. PMID- 3480223 TI - Gastric mucosal protection by OPC-12759, a novel antiulcer compound, in the rat. AB - OPC-12759, 2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinon-4-yl]-propionic acid, was studied for its efficacy to prevent the gastric mucosal damage induced by several necrotizing agents. Experiments were also performed to elucidate the mechanism of this mucosal protective activity. OPC-12759 dose dependently prevented the formation of mucosal necrosis induced by absolute ethanol, 0.2 N NaOH or 0.6 N HCl. PGE2 was also shown to prevent the gastric mucosal erosion induced by necrotizing agents. The mucosal protective effect of OPC-12759 was completely counteracted by pretreatment with indomethacin while that of PGE2 was not. In addition, OPC-12759 given alone increased the generation of gastric mucosal PGE2 like activity. OPC-12759 dose dependently reduced the volume, acid output and pepsin output of the gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. The inhibitory effect of OPC-12759 but not of cimetidine or atropine on gastric secretion was also abolished by concurrent administration of indomethacin. These findings suggest that the mucosal protective effect and antisecretory effect of OPC-12759 presumably result from enhancement of the generation of endogenous PGs. PMID- 3480224 TI - Neural mechanisms mediating the hyperthermia elicited by prostaglandin E2 injected into the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus. AB - The neuromechanism mediating the hyperthermia induced by injection of PGE2 into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) was investigated in the rat. Pretreatment of rats with intraperitoneal injection of atropine sulfate blocked, whereas pretreatment with atropine methyl bromide had no significant effect on the hyperthermia. In a second series of experiments, atropine sulfate was microinjected into different regions of the hypothalamus and the thalamus in an attempt to locate the central cholinergic synapses involved in the PGE2-induced hyperthermia. The hyperthermia was blocked by atropine injection into the dorsal/dorsomedial hypothalamic area (DH), but was not significantly affected by injection into the PO/AH, ventromedial hypothalamus, or the thalamic area above the DH. Moreover, microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (0.5 microgram) into the DH could also elicit hyperthermia. Thus, our data suggest that the hyperthermia induced by PGE2 administration into the PO/AH is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism in the DH. PMID- 3480225 TI - Three-dimensional visualization of the face and skull using computerized tomography and laser scanning techniques. PMID- 3480226 TI - The relationship between craniofacial morphology, head posture and spinal curvature in 8, 11 and 15-year-old children. PMID- 3480227 TI - Dentoalveolar morphology in children with asthma and perennial rhinitis. PMID- 3480228 TI - Panel assessments of facial profile related to mandibular growth direction. PMID- 3480230 TI - A cephalometric study of the construction bite of the activator. PMID- 3480229 TI - Bone formation with heparinized plastic implants in rats--a methodological study. PMID- 3480231 TI - Preliminary evaluation of an illustrated scale for rating dental attractiveness. PMID- 3480232 TI - Acute respiratory infection, influenza vaccination and airway reactivity in asthma. AB - One of the characteristic features of asthma is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between infection and the exacerbation of asthma in adult asthmatics. Epithelial damage and airway inflammation, leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby respiratory infections cause asthmatic exacerbations. A total of 150 patients with asthma were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of respiratory infections on the exacerbation of asthma, comprised 92 asthmatics. The patients evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the patients with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect respiratory infections, the occurrence of fever, sore throat and symptoms of rhinitis were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the patients was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of asthma were observed in 67 of the 92 patients. 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic respiratory infection (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 patients were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 asthmatics were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed influenza virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after influenza A infection) comprised 13 patients. 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of chest disease, participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled histamine before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3480233 TI - Motoneuron response to dorsal root stimulation in anesthetized monkeys after spinal cord transection. AB - In preparation for studying the spinal cord alterations produced by operant conditioning of spinal reflexes, we studied peripheral nerve responses to supramaximal dorsal root stimulation in the lumbosacral cord of deeply anesthetized monkeys before and after thoracic cord transection. Except for variable depression in the first few minutes, reflex responses were not reduced or otherwise significantly affected by transection in the hour immediately following the lesion or for at least 50 h. The results suggest that reduction in muscle spindle sensitivity and/or in polysynaptic motoneuron excitation contributes to stretch reflex depression after cord transection. PMID- 3480235 TI - Granular common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults: a morphological study. AB - 2 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia characterised by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions morphologically similar to azurophil granules are described. Azurophil granulation of blasts is one of the cardinal features which differentiate acute myeloid from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Although such granulation of lymphoblasts has caused diagnostic confusion in the past, we found that the granules could be distinguished from myeloid azurophil granules both morphologically and by their characteristic cytochemical staining reactions. They were negative for peroxidase/sudan black and chloroacetate esterase, but gave coarse scattered granular positivity for both acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. Both the electron microscopic appearance of the granules and their cytochemical staining reactions suggested that they were lysosomes. Granular ALL does not appear to be associated with any morphological subtype or karyotype; but is strongly associated with the common ALL phenotype. Its prognostic significance remains uncertain. It occurs more frequently than the small number of previous reports might suggest and, given the potential for misdiagnosis, should be more widely recognised. PMID- 3480234 TI - Collagen synthesis by human bone marrow fibroblasts. AB - Collagen synthesis was measured in fibroblast cultures derived from normal and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) bone marrow. Collagen production was higher in normal than in ALL fibroblasts. These cells elaborate type I and type III procollagens in a ratio that depends on cell density and whether cells originate from normal or ALL bone marrow. PMID- 3480236 TI - The significance of HIV antigen and HIV antibodies specific against envelope and core proteins in serum of HIV-infected hemophiliacs. AB - Serial serum samples from the 21 HIV-infected Norwegian hemophiliacs have been assayed for the presence of HIV antigen and antibodies to HIV specific for the core protein p24 and the envelope protein gp41. HIV antigen was detected in 4 patients, of whom 3 have developed AIDS to date. HIV antigen appeared in serum 10 to 24 months before the diagnosis in these patients. Antibodies to gp41 was a constant finding. Antibodies to p24 disappeared from the serum in 1 patient who developed AIDS and from 3 persons free of symptoms related to the HIV infection. The detection of HIV antigen in HIV antibody-positive hemophiliacs appears to be of considerable prognostic significance. PMID- 3480237 TI - Inhibitory activity of a synthetic pentapeptide on leukaemic myelopoiesis both in vitro and in vivo in rats. AB - The synthetic pentapeptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys has recently been proposed as the active component of a granulocyte-derived inhibitor of normal haematopoiesis. We investigated its biological activity on leukaemic myelopoiesis both in vitro and in vivo in rats. Three different human permanent myeloid leukaemic cell lines (HL60, KG1, ML3) and a rat transplantable acute myeloid leukaemia (Shay leukaemia) were studied. Neither HL60 nor KG1 were sensitive to the peptide whereas a consistently reproducible inhibition of 3H-TdR uptake was observed in ML3 cells. This effect was not due to a unspecific toxic action on target cells and was spontaneously reversible. When injected i.p. twice daily at an appropriate concentration in rats bearing Shay leukaemia, the peptide caused a significant increase in survival. Our results therefore indicate that the synthetic pentapeptide studied inhibits not only normal but also leukaemic myelopoiesis. PMID- 3480238 TI - Splenic function in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - Spleen function was evaluated by measurement of the clearance of autologous heat damaged 99mTc-labelled erythrocytes from the circulation and into the spleen and the enumeration of pitted erythrocytes by interference contrast microscopy, and the spleen area was determined by scintillation scanning. All measurements were performed on 12 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and compared with 10 controls with apparently normal spleens, 6 splenectomized subjects and 9 patients with a reactive splenomegaly. Patients with CML had spleen function test results similar to normal controls in spite of having enlarged spleens whose projection area did not differ from that of the patients with reactive splenomegaly. Thus, patients with CML have a decreased spleen function per unit volume and signs of splenic hypofunction in the peripheral blood. The reduction of spleen function per unit volume in CML is the result of a severe decrease of the splenic blood perfusion which could result from the combined effects of the myeloid metaplasia and the increased whole-blood viscosity due to high white-cell counts. PMID- 3480239 TI - FcR-mediated clearance in thrombopenic and non-thrombopenic patients with hemophilia A and possible relation of thrombopenia to HIV seropositivity. AB - As morbidity of thrombopenia in hemophilia A patients is increasing, the pathogenetic influence of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was measured using autologous anti-Rh0(D)-coated erythrocytes (EA) in 17 patients with or without thrombopenia. Mean survival of EA in patients was reduced to 53% of healthy controls (53.2 +/- 46.1 min vs 100.5 +/- 12.2 min; patients vs controls, mean +/- S.D.). Survival of EA was not significantly different either in thrombopenic vs non-thrombopenic nor anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) positive vs negative patients. Thrombopenia, elevated serum IgG and circulating immune complexes were related to the presence of anti-HIV antibodies. EA survival was also decreased in the absence of anti-HIV antibodies. This indicates activation of RES by a mechanism different from retroviral infection by HIV (1). PMID- 3480240 TI - An increase in basophils in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia associated with marrow eosinophilia and inversion of chromosome 16. AB - A patient with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (M4 subtype) with pericentric inversion of chromosome 16, inv(16)(p13q22), and a marked basophilia is described. Results from transmission electron microscopy suggested that the basophils were immature. Clinically, although leukaemic cells had a tendency to infiltrate a number of tissues and organs, such as skin, gingiva, liver and lung, the patient was successfully treated with chemotherapy. The increase in basophils accompanied by marrow eosinophilia may be the result of abnormal differentiation of leukaemic cells that have the capacity to differentiate into both the eosinophilic and basophilic pathways. PMID- 3480241 TI - Serum procollagen-III-peptide as a marker for primary myelofibrosis: effect of anthracyclin. PMID- 3480242 TI - The phosphorylation of nucleoplasmin by casein kinase-2 is resistant to heparin inhibition. AB - Highly purified preparations of casein kinase-2 from the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes and from calf thymus can phosphorylate in vitro purified nucleoplasmin from X. laevis oocytes and eggs. The phosphorylation of nucleoplasmin by both kinase preparations is quite insensitive to heparin in contrast with casein phosphorylation which is completely abolished by heparin concentrations above 10 micrograms/ml. However, the phosphorylation of nucleoplasmin and casein are inhibited in a very similar fashion by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), a well characterized specific inhibitor of casein kinase-2. Similarly, nucleoplasmin phosphorylation by the oocyte enzyme can be stimulated several-fold by spermine, another characteristic of this enzyme. These findings indicate that the phosphorylation of nucleoplasmin by purified casein kinase-2, while showing typical response to DRB and spermine, exhibits anomalous behavior in its resistance to heparin inhibition. It is possible that the large clusters of acidic amino acids in nucleoplasmin permit this substrate to interact with the enzyme more efficiently than other protein substrates. Heparin is generally considered a potent and specific inhibitor of casein kinase-2. This study, however, questions the validity of utilizing heparin inhibition as a criterion for casein kinase-2 involvement. PMID- 3480244 TI - [Oral biological models of dental caries in rats. 4. Realization and evaluation of a programmed feeding system]. PMID- 3480245 TI - [Caries frequency and intensity in the deciduous and permanent teeth of 3-, 6- and 12-year-old children in Csongrad County in 1986. Conditions of the deciduous dentition in 3- and 6-year-old children]. PMID- 3480243 TI - Acrosin shows zona and fucose binding, novel properties for a serine proteinase. AB - The major fucose-binding protein of 53 kDa from boar spermatozoa was isolated to apparent homogeneity using a two-step procedure including high-performance gel filtration and reversed-phase chromatography. The N-terminal sequence of the protein revealed that it is identical with the sperm proteinase acrosin. By means of a solid-phase zona-binding assay based on the avidin-biotin system it was demonstrated that acrosin also interacts strongly with porcine zona pellucida. Thus, the acrosin molecule combines specific proteolytic activity with zona- and carbohydrate-affinity properties, i.e. previously unrecognized properties of a serine proteinase. It seems likely that this special affinity of acrosin directs the proteolytic activity to its structural target in the vivo situation. PMID- 3480246 TI - [Eruption abnormalities of upper deciduous incisors in children born with cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3480248 TI - Dental pain. PMID- 3480247 TI - [Microvascular surgery in reconstructions of the head and neck area]. PMID- 3480249 TI - Retinoids in disorders of keratinization: their use in children. AB - During the last 10 years we treated 39 children with severe keratinization disorders with the aromatic retinoid etretinate. Six of these children were followed-up for 8-9 years. Mucocutaneous serum enzymatic and lipid side effects of etretinate were mild, transient and well tolerated. Osseous side effects were present after 4-6 years in all our 6 patients on prolonged retinoid therapy. Asymptomatic osseous neoformation and osseous reabsorption in the absence of calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase serum alterations have been observed. The growth and development curves and the sexual development of our patients (with exception of a patient with Rud's syndrome) have been normal. Osteoporosis and slender diaphysis were often present at initiation of therapy. On the basis of our findings and recent reports of the literature we suggest restricting retinoid therapy of keratinizing disorders in children to conditions severe enough to be physically, psychologically or socially incapacitating. In an attempt to reduce the risk of chronic toxicity and possibly to allow regression of initial bone alterations, intermittent therapy and combination therapy are recommended. PMID- 3480250 TI - Long-term retinoid therapy is needed for maintenance of cancer chemopreventive effect. AB - Two patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas, due either to the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) or arsenical insecticide exposure, were treated with oral isotretinoin for 7 or 8 years, respectively. Gradually decreasing dosage levels were employed. During the initial courses of therapy, high doses (2.0-3.0 mg/kg/day) were intended as chemotherapy. In these patients only 6 of 40 (15%) lesions underwent complete clinical regression. In subsequent courses aimed at chemoprevention, the dose was progressively reduced from 1.5 to 0.25 mg/kg/day. During therapy, no new lesions were observed in the patient with the arsenical exposure. The NBCCS patient developed 1 new lesion during therapy at 1.0 mg/kg/day, 1 new lesion at 0.5 mg/kg/day and 5 new lesions at 0.25 mg/kg/day. Treatment was discontinued and the patient with the arsenic exposure developed his first new tumor 17 months afterwards; in contrast, the NBCCS patient developed 29 tumors within 13 months. These findings suggest that long-term therapy with isotretinoin is needed for the continuation of the cancer chemopreventive effect. However, the need for continuous rather than intermittent maintenance therapy, and the determination of the optimal dose for this purpose may depend on the etiology of the multiple carcinomas and on the tolerability of the lowest effective dose by the individual patient. With these encouraging data, it now appears appropriate to expand this pilot study and perform larger trials to determine the usefulness of isotretinoin in the chemoprevention of basal cell carcinoma in patients with multiple tumors. PMID- 3480251 TI - Cells products safety. Background papers from the WHO Study Group on Biologicals. Geneva, 18-19 Nov. 1986. PMID- 3480252 TI - The uptake and fate of DNA transfected into mammalian cells in vitro. PMID- 3480253 TI - Residual cellular DNA as a potential transforming factor. PMID- 3480254 TI - Risk of neoplastic transformation from cellular DNA: calculations using the oncogene model. AB - Based on a number of assumptions about oncogene size, frequency, biological integrity, and in vitro as well as in vivo transformation efficiency, estimates are made of the risk that the residual cellular DNA (rcDNA) contaminant in a biological product will cause a neoplastic transformation event. Using a statistical Poisson distribution approach, the probability of such an event is calculated to be at most 10(-6) assuming optimal in vitro conditions with 100 oncogene copies per cell and a 10 pg contaminant. More realistic assumptions using in vivo data suggest that the probability of a transformation event is at most 10(-9) assuming 100 oncogene copies per cell and a contaminant of 1 ng. Imperfections of the model and specific considerations of the human in vivo case are discussed. PMID- 3480255 TI - Potential risks of tumor virus subgenomes in the production of biologicals. AB - In this report, an attempt was made to describe what is presently known about the biological activities of tumor virus DNAs, their regulatory regions, and some factors which interplay with their oncogenic potential. In light of current knowledge, it is likely that the gene transfer risks of using continuous cell lines expressing known oncogenes, or cells containing oncogenic virus-recombinant DNA vectors, are minimal. PMID- 3480256 TI - Treatment-generated problems associated with behavior modification in Tourette disorder. PMID- 3480257 TI - [Chromosome markers in Balkan endemic nephropathy]. AB - Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is wide-spread in definite districts of Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. A specific chromosome marker in BEN was established. The marker is characterized by a band asymmetry in chromosome pairs #3, due to a shortening of the 3q25 band and faster fusion of sub-bands 3q26. 1 and 3q26.3. PMID- 3480259 TI - [Population genetic study of differential fertility in man (illustrated by habitual abortion). V. Distribution of individual heterozygosity and parameters of genotypic variability for a set of immunological genetic markers]. AB - Distribution of individual heterozygosity (the number of heterozygous loci per individual), frequencies of genotypes formed by paired combinations of 5 loci and values of linkage disequilibrium between 6 blood group loci were studied both in a group of couples and single women with recurrent abortions in anamnesis, and in a group of couples and single women with normal fertility. Statistically significant deficit of highly heterozygous individuals was found in the experimental group. Marked increase of genetical variability was shown for the women with repeated abortions, as a consequence of elevation of rare genotypic paired combination frequency. Therefore, differential fertility as a component of stabilizing selection alters the distribution of complex genotypes in human populations. Differences in values of linkage disequilibrium between women with repeated abortions and those of normal fertility were not found. PMID- 3480258 TI - [Population genetic study of differential fertility in man (illustrated by habitual abortion). IV. Distribution of blood groups and frequency of incompatible marriages]. AB - Hereditary variation of 5 immunological systems coded by 8 loci was compared in 148 couples and 100 women with repeated spontaneous abortions in anamnesis (experimental group) and 141 couples and 100 women with normal fertility (control group). Marked differences in distributions of genotypes and frequencies of 3 systems (MNSs, Rhesus, Duffy) and frequency of AB0-incompatible couples were found between control and experimental groups. An average value of observed heterozygosity in experimental group was lower, as compared to the expected value. Possible influence of immunological factors on recurrent fetal wastage is discussed. PMID- 3480260 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on the adult rat stomach and intestine. PMID- 3480261 TI - [Improvement in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood]. PMID- 3480262 TI - Studies on the effect of different doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the oestrous cycle of rats. PMID- 3480263 TI - Deletions of the steroid sulphatase gene in "classical" X-linked ichthyosis and in X-linked ichthyosis associated with Kallmann syndrome. AB - We have studied 16 men, from 10 unrelated Italian families, affected by steroid suphatase (STS) deficiency, which is the basic defect of X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). The patients' clinical diagnoses were of either isolated ichthyosis or ichthyosis associated with Kallmann syndrome (KS) (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia). DNA from patients and their relatives was analysed by Southern blotting followed by hydridization with an STS cDNA probe. None of the patients affected by either XLI or XLI/KS showed any hybridization signal, thus revealing a deletion in the STS gene. We suggest that a gene deletion may be the most common molecular defect involved in XLI and that the syndrome XLI/KS may be due to a deletion of both the STS and the KS loci. PMID- 3480265 TI - Toward a complete map of the human genome. PMID- 3480266 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults (response to treatment and prognostic factors). PMID- 3480264 TI - Use of whole cosmid cloned genomic sequences for chromosomal localization by non radioactive in situ hybridization. AB - We report a general procedure which allows the application of whole cosmid cloned genomic sequences for non-radioactive in situ hybridization. The presence of highly repetitive sequences, like Alu and Kpn fragments, is eliminated through competition hybridization with Cot-1 DNA. The method has been tested and optimized with several randomly chosen cosmids of the human thyroglobulin (Tg) gene (8q24). At present, the procedure can be performed with three of the four tested individual cosmids. In cases where a single clone does not result in a specific signal, a larger fragment may be required, which can be accomplished by using two (partially overlapping) cosmids of the same region. The advantages and further potentialities of such a hybridization approach are discussed. PMID- 3480268 TI - Modulation of murine anti-SRBC response by carrageenan: possible mechanism. AB - Carrageenan (CGN), a sulphated polygalactant extracted from red algae, induced antigen-specific suppression of secondary antibody response to SRBC. Unlike the previous studies reported in the literature, in the present study no significant difference could be observed in the number of either total or adherent cells in the peritoneal cavity of CGN treated animals when compared to the untreated controls. However, upon immunization with SRBC, the number of IA and IE positive cells of the treated animals was significantly reduced as compared to the untreated controls. From these results, the possible mechanism in the modulation of immune response by CGN is discussed in the present study. PMID- 3480267 TI - Plasma transcobalamins in chronic granulocytic leukaemia--changing pattern from chronic phase to blast crisis. PMID- 3480270 TI - Immunoglobulin class- and subclass-specific HIV antibody detection in serum and CSF specimens by ELISA and Western blot. AB - Twenty-four homosexual adult patients suffering from LAS or AIDS were investigated for immunoglobulin class- and IgG subclass-specific antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by the indirect ELISA and Western blot using monoclonal tracer antibodies. All patients revealed HIV-specific serum antibodies of IgG subclass 1, and half of them IgG3. Only two had IgG2 and one IgG4 antibodies. IgM-anti-HIV was present in a person who presented a sero-conversion in subsequent blood specimens. In twelve patients who developed signs of an ongoing encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid specimens were also tested. HIV specific IgG antibodies were usually restricted to the subclass 1. In two cases specific IgM was found to be present, although lacking in the blood specimens. By comparison with HSV antibody detection in blood and CSF, an intrathecal, possibly pathognomonic antibody formation to HIV could be confirmed, mainly directed to gp120, gp41 and p24. PMID- 3480271 TI - Antibody-antigen complex formation following injection of OC125 monoclonal antibody in patients with ovarian cancer. AB - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) OC125 binds to approximately 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers. Serum antigen, CA125, can be detected in these patients. 131I-OC125 F(ab')2 was injected into 5 ovarian carcinoma patients with preinjection serum levels of 150 to 9,000 CA125 U/ml. Patients received the antibody intravenously in doses ranging from 0.46 to 0.94 mg with a specific activity of approximately 2.5 mCi/mg 131I. The half-life in the circulation was approximately 30 hr and was independent of serum CA125 levels. Clearance of 131I from the circulation fitted an open, one-compartment mathematical model. Gel filtration chromatography revealed antibody-antigen complexes in sera 15 min after injection of the radiolabelled antibody. By 5 days after injection, the free form of OC125 antibody could not be detected in the serum. The rate of complex formation correlated well with the observed preinjection serum CA125 levels. This direct correlation was verified in vitro using purified CA125 antigen and radiolabelled OC125 F(ab')2 fragments. The specific effects of complex formation on tumor localization remains unclear. However, the presence of complexes should not be ignored, when planning for diagnostic imaging or immunotherapy with OC125 or other MAbs reacting with circulating antigen. PMID- 3480269 TI - Guinea pig bronchus as a model for icosanoid studies. AB - Strips of guinea pig bronchus dissected from the upper, middle, and lower lobe and divided in two segments referred to as external and internal bronchi, were analyzed for their reactivity to several icosanoids. The external bronchi produced much more contractile force than the internal bronchi, and the reactivity to the agonists was different. The order of potency of prostanoids and histamine on the external bronchus was U44069 congruent to histamine greater than PGF2 alpha and on the internal bronchus U44069 greater than histamine greater than PGF2 alpha. The internal bronchus did not react to PGE2, whereas this agonist produced a dose-dependent relaxation on the external bronchus. The order of potency of leukotrienes and histamine on the external bronchus was LTD4 greater than LTC4 greater than LTE4 greater than LTA4 greater than histamine and on the internal bronchus LTC4 greater than LTD4 greater than LTA4 = LTE4 greater than histamine. LTB4 has a significant myotropic activity on guinea pig bronchus. Because of its sensitivity and characteristic responses to icosanoids, it is suggested that the guinea pig bronchus may be as suitable (and possibly more) a pharmacological preparation as the trachea or the parenchyma to study the bronchoreactivity. PMID- 3480272 TI - Space-time clustering and bone tumours: application of Knox's method to data from a population-based cancer registry. AB - The possibility of space-time clustering in osteosarcoma and Ewing's tumour was studied in a sample of 182 patients aged under 25 years, drawn from a population based cancer registry. No evidence of space-time clustering was found for either disease and this finding supports previous work in this field. PMID- 3480273 TI - Abnormal growth hormone response to naloxone challenge in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3480274 TI - Body self perception technique and behavioral counseling in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: a new approach. PMID- 3480276 TI - Human sexual malfunction: a consideration of "inner-mind" thought process. PMID- 3480277 TI - Psychopathology of people seeking treatment for oral galvanism. PMID- 3480278 TI - Hypnotizability and dental phobic disorders. PMID- 3480275 TI - The pulmonary phase: a possible variable in asthma. PMID- 3480280 TI - Chronic pain and everyday problems. PMID- 3480279 TI - Treatment of hyperhidrosis of amputation site with hypnosis and suggestions involving classical conditioning. PMID- 3480282 TI - Bilateral trigeminal nerve paralysis and Horner's syndrome associated with myelomonocytic neoplasia in a dog. AB - A 5-year-old male Doberman Pinscher had nasal stenosis, dropped mandible, bilateral atrophy of masseter and temporalis muscles, and Horner's syndrome caused by aleukemic myelomonocytic leukemia. Neoplastic cellular neurotropism, diffuse turbinate and nodular peribronchial infiltrate, and a hepatic portal infiltrative pattern similar to that of lymphoma were microscopic features of interest. PMID- 3480283 TI - Secretory function of the ovine uterus: effects of gestation and steroid replacement therapy. AB - In Exp. 1, changes in uterine fluid content of protein, calcium and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) were examined between d 30 to 144 of gestation. Volume of uterine fluid (mean +/- SE) in the nongravid uterine horn of unilaterally pregnant ewes increased (P less than .05) between d 30 (8 +/- 1 ml) and d 144 (749 +/- 46 ml) of gestation. Protein concentration and total protein in uterine fluid also increased (P less than .05) between d 30 (2.3 +/- .4 mg/ml; 19 +/- 7 mg) and d 144 (23.5 +/- 3.3 mg/ml; 17.4 +/- 2.0 g). Total recoverable calcium (mg) in secretions increased from .1 mg (d 30) to over 1.4 g (d 144) due to day of gestation effects (P less than .05). Total PGF also increased (P less than .01) from 7 ng on d 30 to 15.7 g on d 144. In Exp. II, ovariectomized (OVX) ewes were treated with either corn oil, estrone (E), progesterone (P) or P+E (PE) for 30 d. Treatment with P or PE increased calcium concentration and content (P less than .01) in secretions, but differences in uterine fluid volumes and concentrations of protein and PGF were not significant. Treatment of OVX ewes with P stimulated (P less than .05) in vitro synthesis of secretory proteins by endometrium, whereas treatment with E enhanced release of unlabeled proteins (P less than .05). The major endometrial secretory proteins were identified in allantoic fluids from d 60 to term and were detected along the mesenchymal border of the chorioallantois using immunohistochemistry. Results from this study indicate that P may be a primary hormone regulating accumulation of fluid, protein, calcium and specific endometrial proteins in the uterine lumen during gestation, and that uterine milk proteins gain access to the fetal-placental unit. PMID- 3480281 TI - Prognostic factor analysis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. AB - The analysis of clinical and hematological data for prognostic relevance in 200 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), diagnosed between January 1964 and December 1980, showed that the importance of single risk factors has changed due to improvements in therapy. Morphology and cytochemistry lost their prognostic value they had in those patients treated before October 1971. In the children treated in the seventies, the WBC became the most important prognostic factor, followed by infiltrate size and age. (Age was less important than infiltrates for remission duration, but more for survival.) Immunological markers were evaluated in 56 children, since 1974. Because of the small number, no significance as risk factor was found. Those 25% with E+ blasts tended to have only a slightly worse course than "non-T-non-B"-ALL. Treatment became a highly significant risk factor, because of the improvement in results between those patients treated with CALGB protocol 6801 and those on protocol 7111. Two steps were responsible for this: better treatment strategies, and, most important, CNS prophylaxis (or "sanctuary"-treatment) in all patients. Even in the sixties, where IT methotrexate alone was given sporadically, omitting the CNS-prophylaxis represented an important risk factor. Since 1971, most patients received cranial irradiation or intermediate dose methotrexate as second mode of CNS-prophylaxis. This resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of CNS relapse. CNS prophylaxis mode therefore represented a significant prognostic factor, although age, WBC and infiltrates had become more important. Evaluation of the clinical and hematological data gave the following limits for an increased or lesser risk: WBC over 30.G/l: high risk, under 10.G/l: favourable. Age: below 1 year and over 10 years: high risk, 1-2 years: probably moderately increased risk. Infiltrates: no palpable hepatosplenomegaly and no lymph nodes: favourable, all palpable infiltrates: "standard" or increased risk. Platelets (under 30.G/l) represented a minor good risk factor. The common ALL antigen (CALLA) was not yet examined in this series, calling it a favourable factor is based on recent experience from other centers. T-markers are probably not a risk factor by themselves, but other poor prognostic signs are usually associated and of primary importance. If treatment will be based on risk classification, it is important to keep in mind that treatment improvements might change the significance of any prognostic factor completely. PMID- 3480284 TI - Blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3480285 TI - Isolation and characterization of a prokaryotic sulfurtransferase. AB - A sulfurtransferase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from the prokaryote Acinetobacter calcoaceticus lwoffi by conventional protein fractionation techniques. Steady-state kinetic studies of the enzyme revealed that its formal mechanism varies with the acceptor substrate employed. With inorganic thiosulfate as the sulfane sulfur-donor substrate and cyanide anion as the acceptor, the enzyme was shown to catalyze the reaction by a double displacement mechanism like that of mammalian rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1). In contrast, with a thiol as the acceptor substrate at relatively high concentrations, the reaction proceeds by a single displacement mechanism, reminiscent of catalysis by another sulfur-transferase, thiosulfate reductase, glutathione-dependent (EC 2.8.1.3). When dithiothreitol is the acceptor substrate, the enzyme cycles through both the single and double displacement pathways, with the flux through each depending differentially on the concentration of dithiothreitol employed. In view of both the relaxed acceptor substrate specificity and the corresponding variability of formal mechanism, the more general name of sulfane sulfurtransferase is proposed for this bacterial enzyme. PMID- 3480286 TI - Purification and characterization of p93fes- and p60src-related tyrosine protein kinase activities in differentiated HL-60 leukemia cells. AB - Two tyrosine protein kinase activities have been identified previously to be present in HL-60 leukemia cells during induction of granulocytic and monocytic differentiation with a variety of differentiating agents. We have copurified a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase (p93) and an activity associated with both the cytosol and membrane fractions (p60). Triton X-100 extracts from HL-60 cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide were subjected to tyrosine-agarose chromatography, polypropyl aspartamide high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC using an antiphosphotyrosine IgG-derivatized column. Overall purification was 2700-fold for p93 and 1800-fold for p60. p60 and p93 are phosphorylated exclusively on tyrosine residues and can use poly(Glu,Tyr)4:1, histone H1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide as substrates. Poly(Glu,Tyr)1:1 and poly(Glu,Ala,Tyr)6:3:1 were less effective substrates for p60 and p93. The activity of p93 was dependent on Mg2+ or Mn2+, whereas p60 was dependent on Mg2+; however, the activity of p60 was stimulated in a synergistic manner by the presence of both Mg2+ and Mn2+, whereas the activity of p93 was not enhanced further by the combination of divalent ions. Both p60 and p93 were immunoprecipitated by an anti-v-src monoclonal antibody but only p93 was immunoprecipitated by an anti-v-fps/fes antibody. V8 protease digestion of p60 revealed one major proteolytic fragment containing phosphotyrosine, whereas V8 protease digestion of p93 produced two major peptides that were phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. These results suggest that, although p93 and p60 may possess some epitopic similarities, they have distinguishing phosphorylation sites. Moreover, p93, in contrast to p60, appears to be strictly associated with granulocytic/monocytic differentiation and related to the cellular fps/fes protooncogene. PMID- 3480287 TI - Identification of a peroxisomal targeting signal at the carboxy terminus of firefly luciferase. AB - Translocation of proteins across membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, and chloroplast has been shown to be mediated by targeting signals present in the transported proteins. To test whether the transport of proteins into peroxisomes is also mediated by a peptide targeting signal, we have studied the firefly luciferase gene that encodes a protein transported to peroxisomes in both insect and mammalian cells. We have identified two regions of luciferase which are necessary for transport of this protein into peroxisomes. We demonstrate that one of these, region II, represents a peroxisomal targeting signal because it is both necessary and sufficient for directing cytosolic proteins to peroxisomes. The signal is no more than twelve amino acids long and is located at the extreme carboxy-terminus of luciferase. The location of the targeting signal for translocation across the peroxisomal membrane therefore differs from the predominantly amino-terminal location of signals responsible for transport across the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, or mitochondrion. PMID- 3480288 TI - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) regulation of alkaline phosphatase expression and other phenotype-related mRNAs in osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells. AB - TGF beta 1 from porcine platelets increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in the rat osteoblastic cell line ROS 17/2.8 about three-fold. This effect was dose dependent with an ED50 of about approximately 0.2 ng/ml and was larger during logarithmic growth than at confluence. TGF beta 1 inhibited cell growth by about 30% with similar dose dependence. Thirty min exposure to TGF beta 1 was sufficient to increase AP activity 3 days later by about two-fold but did not affect cell growth, suggesting dissociation between effects on proliferation and differentiation. The rise in AP activity started 6 h after TGF beta 1 addition and was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. TGF beta 1 also increased AP mRNA by two- to three-fold and this effect was not blocked by cycloheximide. The half-life of AP mRNA, estimated following the addition of 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole was about ten h in both control and TGF beta 1-treated cells. The mRNAs for type I procollagen and osteonectin were also increased by TGF beta 1 but fibronectin mRNA was decreased. TGF beta 2 effects on AP and cell growth were similar to those of TGF beta 1, except for lack of activity following transient exposure. At saturating concentrations, TGF beta 2 (2 ng/ml) or dexamethasone (10(-7) M), which has similar effects on these cells, did not further augment the effects of TGF beta 1 (at 2 ng/ml). Above findings suggest that TGF beta promotes osteoblastic differentiation in rat osteosarcoma cells at least in part by acting at the pretranslational level. PMID- 3480289 TI - Inhibition of skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation by transforming growth factor-beta. AB - Skeletal muscle satellite cells were cultured from mature rats and were treated in vitro with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Muscle-specific protein synthesis and satellite cell fusion were used as indicators of muscle differentiation; a dose-dependent inhibition of differentiation was observed in response to TGF-beta. In addition, TGF-beta depressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Half-maximal inhibition of differentiation was seen with a TGF-beta concentration of approximately 0.1 ng/ml. Although proliferation was not inhibited, it was depressed and half-maximal suppression of proliferation occurred in response to 0.1-0.5 ng TGF-beta/ml. Neonatal rat myoblasts were also subjected to TGF-beta treatment, and similar results were observed. Neonatal cells, however, were more sensitive to TGF-beta than satellite cells, as indicated by the reduced concentrations of TGF-beta required to inhibit differentiation and reduce the rate of proliferation. Under identical culture conditions proliferation of muscle-derived fibroblasts were also depressed. The differentiation inhibiting effect of TGF-beta on satellite cells was reversible. It has been suggested that TGF-beta could be an important regulator of tissue repair, and its in vitro effects on satellite cells suggest a possible role in regulation of muscle regeneration. PMID- 3480290 TI - Human bronchial epithelial cells synthesize cholesterol sulfate during squamous differentiation in vitro. AB - Epithelial cells of the airways can, under pathological conditions, undergo squamous metaplasia. The accumulation of cholesterol sulfate has recently been described as a new marker for squamous cell differentiation in rabbit tracheal epithelial cells. We now report that normal human bronchial epithelial cells in culture metabolically incorporated [35S]-sulfate and [3H]-mevalonate into material indistinguishable from cholesterol sulfate by the criteria of solubility in organic solvents, behavior on ion-exchange chromatography, susceptibility to solvolysis, and behavior on thin-layer chromatography before and after solvolysis. The accumulation of cholesterol [35S]-sulfate correlated well with squamous cell differentiation (as measured by cross-linked envelope formation), which occurred when the cells reached confluency. The increase in the level of cholesterol sulfate could be inhibited by the inclusion of retinoic acid in the cell-culture medium. The addition of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or the presence of high Ca2+ concentration in the medium stimulated the accumulation of cholesterol sulfate. An increased activity of cholesterol sulfotransferase seems to account for the cholesterol sulfate accumulation. The original observation of cholesterol sulfate accumulation during squamous differentiation thus extends across species lines and strengthens the suggestion that the cholesterol sulfate may play an important role in this type of differentiation. Moreover, cholesterol sulfate provides a sensitive biochemical marker to study this pathway of differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells. PMID- 3480291 TI - Determination of prostaglandin E2 in plasma of schizophrenics and healthy controls by gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3480293 TI - The distribution of plaque and gingivitis and the influence of toothbrushing hand in a group of South Wales 11-12 year-old children. AB - Numerous factors may affect the distribution of plaque and gingivitis in any individuals mouth. Of considerable importance must be the oral hygiene habits of each person, which will be influenced by compliance and dexterity with tooth cleaning methods. The pattern of gingivitis seen at a young age may, with time, reflect the eventual distribution of attachment loss. This in part, could explain the considerable variation in chronic periodontal disease seen between individuals and at different sites within the same mouth. This study reports the baseline data for the distribution of plaque and gingivitis in 1105, 11-12-year old children in South Wales. The children were selected by disproportionate stratified random sampling and examined by a multidisciplinary group with the long-term aim of evaluating the importance of malocclusion to dental health and psychosocial variables. Toothbrushing frequency had a very low but significant correlation with the distribution of plaque and gingivitis, accounting therefore for only a small % of the variance in the group. For the total group and right handed toothbrushers, buccal plaque and gingivitis was significantly increased on right contralateral teeth. No specific pattern for plaque and gingivitis distribution by side was seen for 100 left-handed toothbrushers. Plaque and gingivitis also showed significant differences dependent upon arch, tooth number, and surface. The population is being followed at 4-year intervals to monitor the pattern of periodontal disease with time and correlate changes with these baseline findings. PMID- 3480292 TI - Detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in eluates from whole blood impregnated filter paper discs. AB - A method for elution of HIV antibodies from whole blood or serum impregnated filter paper discs was developed. The results from testing of 73 eluates in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the immunoblotting test agreed with the results obtained by ordinary serum testing. Significant loss of antibody activity was not observed, neither in the eluates after storage for 1 mth at -20 degrees C nor in the filter paper discs after storage for 3 mths at +4 degrees C. This technique may be useful in facilitating sample collection and transportation, particularly in remote areas of the world. PMID- 3480294 TI - Validity of a hinged constant force probe and a similar, immobilised probe in untreated periodontal disease. AB - The validity of a hinged constant force probe (0.25 N) was compared with that of a similar but immobilised instrument, using the same interchangeable tip for both (0.64 mm diameter; 2 mm divisions). 60 sites were measured on teeth which were extracted subsequently, in patients with untreated periodontal disease, and the connective tissue attachment level was used as validity criterion. The clinical measurements of both probes correlated well with each other, but they differed significantly from the post-extraction connective tissue attachment level measurements, indicating a point 1.2 mm coronally to this, on average. A companion investigation of intra-operator probing depth reproducibility with the 2 probes, was undertaken in 14 patients, at 2 visits separated by 1 week in each case. All patients had untreated periodontal disease. A difference between probes was found at the first visit, but not at the second; the immobilised probe showed a difference between visits, reducing mean probing depth slightly at the second; when the immobilised probe was used first, there was a difference between probes. Further analysis of the results indicated that there was greatest agreement between probes when the constant force probe had been used before the immobilised probe at the second visit. The results suggested that these probes indicated a point above the connective tissue attachment level, related to pocket morphology, and that there was a moderate learning effect due to operator use of the constant force probe, which modified use of the immobilised probe. PMID- 3480295 TI - Juvenile periodontitis: an epidemiological study in the west Midlands of the United Kingdom. AB - The prevalence of juvenile periodontitis was studied in a sample of 7266 school children in the cities of Coventry and Birmingham. The subjects were aged 15 to 19 years, and represented the range of different ethnic groups seen in the population of the West Midlands. A two-stage diagnostic procedure was used, whereby subjects were screened initially by assessment of probing depths around the incisors and first molars. Positive subjects were then diagnosed definitively by full clinical and radiographic examination. In both Coventry and Birmingham, there was an overall prevalence of juvenile periodontitis of 0.1%, with 95% confidence, which gives a range between 0.03 and 0.17. There was a highly significant difference in prevalence between ethnic groups, with overall prevalence figures of 0.02% for the Caucasian group, 0.8% for the Afro-Caribbean group and 0.2% for the Asian group. There was no difference in prevalence between male and female. PMID- 3480296 TI - The presence of phage-infected Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis patients. AB - Electron microscopy revealed 2 different types of bacteriophages isolated from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans colonizing exclusively diseased sites in 4 patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). All sites infected with phage were undergoing periodontal destruction, as judged from consecutive routine radiographs. The phages isolated had a wide host range as assessed from their ability to infect a series of reference strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans. A 5th patient harboured non-infected A. actinomycetemcomitans in a surgically treated site which had undergone no bone destruction during the last 12 months. The present findings suggested that the pathogenic potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans in LJP may increase due to phage infection. PMID- 3480297 TI - Cryosurgical depigmentation of the gingiva. A case report. AB - Gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP) occurs in all races of man. Although clinical melanin pigmentation does not present a medical problem, demand for cosmetic therapy is commonly made by fair-skinned people with moderate GMP. The present study was undertaken to test the effectiveness of cryosurgical destruction of the gingival epithelium in the removal of gingival melanin pigmentation. The patient was a fair-skinned Ashkenazi Jew with moderate GMP who demanded any possible "cosmetic therapy" which would convert her "black gums" to "normal". Gingival cryosurgery was carried out by segments. A gas expansion cryoprobe cooled to -81 degrees C was applied to the gingiva for 10 s. Frozen sites thawed spontaneously within 1 min. Superficial necrosis became apparent within a week. Treated sites were covered by epithelium within 2 weeks following freezing and keratinization was completed after 3-4 weeks. The treated gingiva appeared normal and remained depigmented until the present time, 20 months following freezing. It is concluded that cryosurgery may prove to be the treatment of choice when gingival depigmentation is indicated. PMID- 3480298 TI - Guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of furcation defects in man. AB - The regenerative potential of the periodontal tissues in degree II and III furcation defects at mandibular molars was assessed in a clinical trial using a surgical treatment technique based on the principles of guided tissue regeneration. The patient sample included 37 subjects who had periodontal lesions in the right and left mandibular molar regions, including advanced periodontal destruction within the radicular area. Following a baseline examination, the furcation-involved molars were randomly assigned in each patient to either a test or a control treatment procedure. The test procedure included the elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps and the placement of a teflon membrane to cover the entrance of the furcation area and the adjacent root surfaces as well as a portion of the alveolar bone apical to the crest. The flaps were repositioned and secured with interdental sutures. A procedure identical to the one used at the test teeth was performed at the control tooth regions with the exception of the placement of the teflon membrane. Following surgery, all patients were placed on a plaque control regimen which involved daily rinsing with chlorexidine gluconate and, in addition, professional tooth cleaning once every 2 weeks for 6 months. After 6 months of healing, the test and control sites were re-examined. The findings demonstrated that the treatment of degree II furcation defects at mandibular molars using the principles of guided tissue regeneration in 19 sites out of 21 resulted in the resolution of the furcation defect. Conventional therapy reached the same goal in less than 20% of the cases treated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480299 TI - Enkephalin fibers in autonomic nuclear regions: intraspinal vs. supraspinal origin. AB - The present studies in the rat employ spinal transections and hemisections, dorsal and/or ventral rhizotomies to determine whether enkephalin fibers in spinal sympathetic and parasympathetic nuclei are of supraspinal, intraspinal, or peripheral origin. Our results suggest enkephalin fibers in thoracolumbar sympathetic nuclei are of both supraspinal and intraspinal origin, whereas the enkephalin innervation of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus is primarily intraspinal in origin. Furthermore, the majority of descending enkephalin systems selectivity project to the intermediolateralis, pars principalis and pars funicularis, and the dorsal commissural sympathetic nuclei, whereas intraspinal enkephalin pathways appear to exist primarily in the intercalatus spinalis and intercalatus spinalis, pars paraependymalis sympathetic nuclei. These new observations suggest that specific patterns exist for supraspinal and intraspinal enkephalin pathways. PMID- 3480301 TI - Binge eating in obesity: associated MMPI characteristics. PMID- 3480300 TI - Calcium and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of kappa-casein by a bovine mammary casein kinase. AB - A calcium and calmodulin-dependent kappa-casein kinase activity has been described in the bovine mammary gland. This kinase required previously dephosphorylated kappa-casein for substrate, thus suggesting a physiological role for this enzyme. The kappa-casein kinase required magnesium and the presence of both calcium and calmodulin for full activity. Calmodulin concentrations of .32 microM achieved one-half maximal activation of this enzyme. The calcium and calmodulin-dependent kappa-casein kinase was found in preparations of mammary acini and could be localized in a membranous fraction by centrifugation. The particles containing this activity had a high density (1.309 g/cc) and cofractionated with caseins, suggesting this enzyme may be present in secretory granules. PMID- 3480302 TI - Evaluating faculty performance. The perceptions of dental school faculty in evaluating faculty performance. PMID- 3480304 TI - Leadership. President-elect's address. October 9, 1987--Las Vegas, Nevada. PMID- 3480303 TI - The search for SELECT students. PMID- 3480305 TI - Modern dentistry and the esthetically aware patient. AB - With esthetic dentistry, the profession derives excitement and satisfaction from providing service patients want, not just need. The new materials and techniques rest on a firm foundation of sound restorative and diagnostic principles. Patients who seek esthetic dentistry today are informed consumers who have specific objectives. Esthetic care, more than any other treatment, has psychological aspects, the consideration of which is crucial to treatment success. PMID- 3480306 TI - The future of esthetic dentistry. AB - The materials and techniques of esthetic dentistry are provoking reconsideration of the basic principles of operative dentistry. Cavity preparations can be minimized, demands on retention are altered, and prevention can be practiced. Problems remain, particularly in bonding and sealing to dentin. The newer materials have yet to prove themselves in terms of durability, especially in regard to fracture and wear. PMID- 3480307 TI - The artistry of conservative esthetic dentistry. AB - Restorative dentistry, especially esthetic techniques, demands the dentist be artist and scientist. Artistic elements such as shape of form, symmetry and proportionality, position and alignment, surface texture, and color must be considered. Conservative esthetic dentistry provides a new dimension to treatment that is rewarding and gives the dentist another means of artistic expression. PMID- 3480308 TI - Bleaching teeth: new materials--new role. AB - Today, bleaching alone can be effective in restoring appearance to teeth stained from various causes. Moreover, bleaching can be combined with other restorative treatment to produce results not otherwise possible. Bleaching requires careful diagnosis and techniques but offers a relatively simple, safe, and successful way to significantly improve appearance. In the future, bleaching will be a routine, conservative treatment option. PMID- 3480309 TI - Esthetic dentistry: a new direction. PMID- 3480310 TI - Composite resin restoration in esthetic dentistry. AB - The revolution in esthetic dentistry is attributable to improvement in materials, such as composite resins. The varied types of resins can be used in many restorative situations, using an acid-etch technique for these restorations, whether Class V, labial veneer, or posterior composite restoration. Dentists who take advantage of continuing education (especially hands-on courses), learn from experience, stay informed about current materials, and exercise imagination and commitment will meet the needs of the 20th century. PMID- 3480311 TI - The beauty of the face: an orthodontic perspective. AB - In esthetic dentistry, the practitioner needs to consider more than just tooth shade and contour. All too often, attention is directed toward reconstructing the dentition for function and esthetic appearance without regard for an existing malocclusion and facial imbalance. When an individual accepts esthetic dental reconstruction, it can be assumed that he or she is attempting to improve a self image. Dentofacial balance must be considered to truly enhance a patient's potential to achieve the optimal dentofacial esthetic appearance and enhance self image. Optimal care in the area of esthetics, therefore, requires that esthetic dentistry be considered a multidisciplined service encouraging cooperation among the patient's family dentist, orthodontist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, prosthodontist, plastic surgeon, periodontist, and possibly others. PMID- 3480313 TI - Precautions in protection. PMID- 3480312 TI - Drug-induced xerostomia. PMID- 3480314 TI - AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3480315 TI - Malpractice and periodontal disease. AB - The treatment of periodontal disease is, at the present time, the focus of a large percentage of all dental malpractice cases. Consequently, dentists may find it helpful to be aware of the somewhat unique nature of litigation arising out of professional services provided with respect to periodontal disease. The operation of the statute of limitations in this context, whereby a dentist--at least in many states--can be sued several years after treatment of a patient terminates, makes caution, in terms of the maintenance of records and the purchase of insurance, an absolute essential. PMID- 3480316 TI - Legal implications of infectious disease in the dental office. PMID- 3480317 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst associated with a dentigerous cyst: report of case. AB - An aneurysmal bone cyst associated with a dentigerous cyst filled the entire maxillary right sinus and corresponding eroding portions. The report discusses the unusual presence of a dentigerous cyst, documentation of an aneurysmal bone cyst associated with a primary lesion, and offers suggestions as to the common pathogenesis of the two lesions. PMID- 3480318 TI - Inverted heart-shaped, interradicular radiolucent area of the anterior maxilla. AB - A variety of odontogenic, nonodontogenic, and inflammatory conditions may occur between the roots of the maxillary canine and lateral incisor. A list of differential diagnoses might include: odontogenic keratocyst, central giant cell granuloma, odontogenic myxoma, primordial cyst, lateral periodontal cyst, ameloblastoma, and radicular cyst. A diagnosis of globulomaxillary cyst should be noticeably absent from the list, however, and should be considered only after clinical radiographic, and microscopic correlation has effectively ruled out all other possibilities. PMID- 3480319 TI - Continuing education course listing for January to June 1988. Department of Membership Records. PMID- 3480320 TI - Molecular complexity of Qa-2 antigens demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Biosynthetically labelled Qa-2 antigens were isolated from mouse spleen cells by immunoprecipitation with anti-Qa-2 antisera. When newly synthesized Qa-2 molecules from several different inbred strains were analysed by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis; four different phenotypes were observed that differed in the number of polypeptides present. The ability to distinguish Qa-2+ phenotypes was used to map the recombination points in two congenic strains, B6.Tlaa and A.Tlab. No alternative Qa-2-like polypeptides were detected in B6.K1 (Qa-2-) cells using a polyspecific rabbit antiserum against mouse class I antigens, but a new molecule was detected in BALB/cBy (Qa-2-) cells. Pulse-chase and surface-labelling experiments showed that some, but not all, of the newly synthesized Qa-2 precursor forms are processed to mature cell surface molecules. PMID- 3480321 TI - The clinical value of the tumor markers CA 19/9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal carcinomas: a critical comparison. AB - The monoclonal antibody serum test CA 19.9 after having been described as being colon tumor specific, was advertised as being more sensitive than CEA in the detection of both early and advanced colorectal carcinomas. Furthermore, the combined estimation of the two markers, CEA and CA 19.9 was said to improve the detection rate significantly. However, our own comparative studies as well as those of several other groups recently published have shown CA 19.9 measurements to be less valuable, because being less sensitive than those of CEA. This is especially true for the early stages of intestinal carcinomas. The parallel determinations of CA 19.9 and CEA improved the positivity rate insignificantly, because in only 3.5% of all cases C 19.9 was elevated in CEA negative cancer sera. However, CA 19.9 was found to have a much lower rate of (false) positive results than CEA in benign intestinal diseases. PMID- 3480322 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, tissue polypeptide antigen, and CA15/3 in breast cancer: relationship between carcinoma and normal breast tissue. AB - The study of tumor markers in breast cancer tissue may supply information on the tumor's biological features and its clinical behaviour. Forty-nine primary breast cancer patients are evaluable to date. CEA, ferritin, TPA and CA15/3 were measured with radioimmunometric methods in the cytosol of carcinoma and normal tissue from the same breast. The concentrations of the four markers were higher in the tumor than in normal tissue in 42/49 cases for CEA, 47/49 for ferritin, 42/49 for TPA and in 24/29 for CA15/3. However, an overlap was found between carcinoma and normal tissue levels, particularly for CEA and TPA. We can conclude that the four substances studied may be markers of malignancy in breast carcinoma when non-malignant breast tissue from the same patient is determined at the same time, whereas assays within a single, unknown breast tissue sample may be useful only in the case of ferritin and, partly, CA15/3. PMID- 3480323 TI - Antitumour effect of interferon combined with hyperthermia against experimental brain tumour. AB - Antiproliferative activity of recombinant murine interferon-beta (Rec-MuIFN-beta) combined with hyperthermia against Rous sarcoma virus-induced mouse malignant glioma (RSV glioma) was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the antiproliferative activity of Rec-MuIFN-beta was enhanced by incubation at elevated temperatures (40 degrees and 43 degrees C). In vivo, combined therapy of Rec-MuIFN-beta treatment and local tumour hyperthermia (43 degrees C) exerted a greater antitumour effect against transplanted RSV glioma in C3H/He mice than either treatment alone, especially when Rec-MuIFN-beta was administered intratumourally. Subsequently, in order to probe the mechanism of enhanced antiproliferative activity, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) in the culture medium of RSV glioma cells was measured. Rec-MuIFN-beta treatment resulted in a significantly greater PGE2 and 2-5A synthetase production at 43 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3480324 TI - [The combined effect of anti-tumor agents with caffeine or calcium channel blockers on sarcoma cells by clonogenic assay]. PMID- 3480326 TI - [Clinical study of CA15-3 in human breast cancer]. PMID- 3480325 TI - [The relation between serum carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) and response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer]. PMID- 3480327 TI - Incidence of anti HIV antibodies and viral antigen in standard and control sera. AB - Most material used for control and calibration in a clinical laboratory is based on pool sera of human origin, guaranteed to be HBsAg-free. Since little information is available on the potential infectivity of HIV, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 54 control and calibration sera, in routine use, were investigated for the incidence of antibodies to HIV by means of Elisa. Sixteen test specimens ( = 30%) gave positive or borderline Elisa results and were further analysed by immunoblotting, resulting in 15 samples all recognizing gp 160 and partially the p 24, p 31, p 55, p 64 and gp 120 band. Only one sample with borderline Elisa result was negative by this assay. Furthermore, all sera were examined for the presence of viral antigen by a solid phase Elisa. All samples under investigation gave negative antigen Elisa results. Bearing in mind that the sensitivity of this assay is limited to 10 micrograms/l of viral antigen, no conclusion on infectivity should be drawn. The high incidence of HIV antibodies in the sera investigated demands that this material should be handled with special care by laboratory personnel. PMID- 3480328 TI - Acute myelocytic leukemia following radiation and chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 3480329 TI - Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins. PMID- 3480331 TI - Report of the Nursing Education Unit New York State Education Department. PMID- 3480330 TI - 67Ga scanning for evaluating activity in interstitial lung diseases. PMID- 3480332 TI - Coping as a function of culture and socio-economic status for Afro-Americans and Afro-West Indians. PMID- 3480333 TI - Principles, power and pragmatism for professional excellence: challenge for the 21st Century. PMID- 3480334 TI - The professional choice. PMID- 3480335 TI - Bacteriology of the maxillary sinus. AB - The bacteriologic findings in the maxillary sinus of 20 patients who underwent surgical repositioning of the maxilla are presented. Using an open sterile surgical technique, three samples from each patient were collected prior to the planned osteotomy. The specimens included a section of the anterior bony sinus wall, an aspirate of the irrigated sinus, and a swab of the sinus membrane procured through an antral window. All specimens were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. In addition to bacterial culture samples, a portion of the sinus membrane was resected and examined microscopically for the presence of an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Eighty per cent (16/20) of the patients studied showed no bacterial growth from any sinus specimen. The remaining 20% (four of 20) had some bacterial growth, but in negligible numbers. Microscopically, all mucosal specimens showed some degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate, but the specimens where bacteria were present showed a more acute inflammatory response. It was concluded that the asymptomatic adult maxillary sinus is usually sterile, but that a few transient bacteria may exist in a clinically silent antrum. When bacteria are present, they are recognized as foreign and elicit the appropriate inflammatory responses. PMID- 3480336 TI - The effect of tetracycline on the incidence of postextraction alveolar osteitis. AB - Four hundred twenty-four mandibular third molar extractions of varied surgical difficulty were evaluated for the occurrence of alveolar osteitis. In 219 of these sockets, tetracycline powder was placed immediately after the tooth was removed. This resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of alveolar osteitis from 28.7% to 14.6%. There was also a positive correlation between the rate of alveolar osteitis and the increasing depth of the impaction and the degree of surgical difficulty. PMID- 3480337 TI - Healing following conventional and cryosurgical discoplasty in the monkey temporomandibular joint. AB - The techniques of conventional discoplasty and the scar producing potential of cryosurgical treatment of the bilaminar region were examined in a study of 17 adult female cynomologous monkeys. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues were obtained at four and 10 days, four, 20, 52, and 78 weeks after surgery, and compared to TMJ tissues in unoperated control animals. No clinically observable changes in weight, occlusion, or jaw function were identified. All the surgical sites healed normally. At necropsy, lesions of the articular surface of the condyle were apparent in areas that had been surgically "shaved." The anterior, intermediate, and posterior zones of the surgically-treated discs were generally free of change. Two cryosurgically-treated discs showed lesions and perforations. Histologic and autoradiographic observations suggested that the bilaminar area heals quickly with minimal scarring, following both conventional surgical manipulation and cryosurgery. Under the conditions of this experiment the cryosurgical technique was judged not to be superior to the conventional surgical approach. PMID- 3480338 TI - Assisting the deficient resident in oral and maxillofacial surgery. AB - There are innumerable pitfalls in the intense learning process of residency training that may result in a deficient resident. These pitfalls run the gamut of human experience; physical, intellectual, psychological, social, and economic. Developing problems in any of these areas will affect the resident's clinical performance and his subsequent abilities as an oral surgeon. Helping the deficient resident requires the proper diagnosis of the underlying problem and a precise method of addressing the problem before the resident has missed his professional milestones. Ensuring the continuum of the learning process is the best means of overcoming deficiencies. As in any disorder, the best cure is prevention. PMID- 3480339 TI - Ossifying fibroma: management of a case with a 20-year history. AB - A patient with an ossifying fibroma of 20-year duration is described. The case illustrates some features of ossifying fibroma and also some of the diagnostic and surgical problems in a developing country. PMID- 3480340 TI - Plunging ranula: report of a case. PMID- 3480342 TI - Transoral technique for rigid fixation of sagittal ramus osteotomies. PMID- 3480341 TI - Recurrent giant cell granuloma occurring in the mandible of a patient on high dose estrogen therapy for the treatment of Sotos' syndrome. PMID- 3480343 TI - Modified endaural incision for surgical access to the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3480344 TI - Caring for residents as well as patients. PMID- 3480345 TI - Therapeutic aspiration of vascular lesions. PMID- 3480346 TI - The use of Overeaters Anonymous in the treatment of eating disorders. PMID- 3480347 TI - Radiographic detection of dental calculus. AB - To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the radiographic detection of calculus, 275 proximal tooth surfaces from 18 patients were evaluated. Standardized periapical radiographs obtained before extraction were coded, batch processed, and evaluated independently by two investigators under optimum viewing conditions. After extraction, the teeth were photographed and evaluated both microscopically and by planimetry on 40 X linear projections. Evaluation of calculus by conventional radiography showed low sensitivity: radiographic deposits were detected on only 44% of surfaces that demonstrated calculus microscopically. Specificity was high and the rate of false positives was only 7.5%. Detection of calculus was influenced by the thickness of calculus, the percentage of root surface occupied by calculus, and by tooth type; but not by attachment loss, probing depth, proximal surface, or arch location. These results show that present radiographic techniques are not appropriate for detecting calculus on root surfaces. PMID- 3480348 TI - A study of the association of fraenal attachment, lip coverage, and vestibular depth with plaque and gingivitis. AB - The effects of fraenal attachment, upper lip coverage, and mandibular vestibular depth on plaque and bleeding indices in the maxillary and mandibular anterior segments were studied in a group of 1015 school children aged 11.5 to 12.5 years. The position of the mandibular labial fraenum was relatively unimportant to plaque and mandibular gingivitis, but anterior fraenal attachment in the maxilla appeared to affect the retention of plaque and the degree of gingivitis. Maxillary and mandibular plaque and bleeding scores increased with decreasing upper lip coverage at rest. In the mandibular anterior segment, plaque and bleeding indices decreased with increasing vestibular depth. Further analysis demonstrated that fraenal attachment and vestibular depth and fraenal attachment and lip coverage were significantly associated. However, two-way analysis of variance indicated that the influence of fraenal attachment, vestibular depth, and lip coverage on plaque and gingivitis was independent. The influences of these soft tissue variables on plaque accumulation and gingivitis were of small clinical significance and not in themselves a justification for mucogingival surgery. PMID- 3480349 TI - Orientation of gingival fibroblasts in simulated periodontal spaces in vitro containing collagen gels. AB - The present study examined the orientation of cultured human gingival fibroblasts in simulated periodontal spaces in vitro containing three dimensional hydrated collagen gels. Extracted human teeth were root planed followed by root resection and root canal instrumentation. The middle and cervical thirds of each root were cut transversely to create 600-micron thick sections. Cortical bovine bone was cut, sectioned, and contoured to create bone rings 600 micron thick with an internal diameter large enough to accommodate a root slice leaving a circumferential space varying from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Root slices and bone rings were incubated in an enzyme solution to remove all remaining soft tissues and then completely demineralized in EDTA (18%) for 72 hours. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were plated to confluency in tissue culture dishes. The dentin slices were then gently placed over the HGF monolayer along with bone rings around them to create simulated periodontal spaces. Five days later, when initial cell attachment to the dentin and root slices had occurred, a collagen gel was poured in the space. The cultures were maintained for six weeks and were then processed for transmission electron microscopy. The HGF appeared to have formed multilayered cell sheets extending from the periphery of the root slices to the inner surface of bone rings. The HGF had apparently attached to both the bone and root surfaces. There was a close interaction of cells with the matrix fibrils of the gel. The cells and matrix fibrils were oriented parallel to each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480350 TI - Effect of citric acid and lyophilized autologous plasma on healing following periodontal flap surgery in monkeys. AB - The purpose of this histologic, histometric, and autoradiographic study was to examine the effect of citric acid conditioning and lyophilized autologous plasma (LAP) application on healing following periodontal flap surgery. Mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in six rhesus monkeys using the modified Widman flap procedure. A total of 24 quadrants were treated, each included the first and second premolar and first and second molar teeth. Cementum was removed from the exposed root surfaces, and reference notches were inscribed into the roots at the alveolar bone margin. Two treatment modalities were employed: (1) surgery plus citric acid conditioning, to serve as control and (2) surgery plus citric acid followed by LAP application (400 mg/ml saline). Flaps were returned to their preoperative positions and sutured. Animal sacrifices were scheduled to provide observations 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days after surgery. Each monkey received an intravenous injection of tritiated thymidine, 1 microCi/gm of body weight, 1 hour before it was killed. Tissue specimens were processed for evaluation following standard procedures. Histologically, tissue sections were examined for: (1) proliferation and attachment of epithelium, (2) organization and maturation of periodontal fibers, (3) inflammatory cell types, (4) presence or absence of new cementum deposition, and (5) degree of vascularity of the tissues. For histometric evaluation, the radicular notches were used as reference points. The distances examined histometrically were: (1) from the root surface notch to the alveolar bone crest, (2) from the root surface notch to the apical extent of the junctional epithelium, and (3) from the free gingival margin to the apical extent of the junctional epithelium. For autoradiographic evaluation labeled cells were counted in five spatial compartments at 400 X magnification: (1) oral epithelium, (2) crevicular area, (3) supracrestal connective tissue, (4) coronal periodontal membrane, and (5) coronal bone marrow. For each the histometric and autoradiographic evaluation involved a total of 36 tissue sections per quadrant (9 sections per tooth). Tooth and quadrant means were obtained for each monkey. The plasma-treated and control quadrants were compared at each time point by the paired t test. N = 2 monkeys were used for each comparison. Histologic results showed that in teeth that were acid-conditioned after root planing, the epithelium often migrated apically reaching the radicular notch. Those teeth that were conditioned and subsequently treated with LAP demonstrated fiber attachment to the planed root surface and little or no epithelial downgrowth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3480352 TI - Gingival cyst of the adult. Case report of a bilateral presentation. AB - The gingival cyst of the adult (GCA) constitutes a pathologic developmental process that the dentist must be prepared to diagnose and treat. The GCA has been infrequently reported in the past as a unilateral phenomenon, but this case constitutes the first known report of synchronously occurring, bilateral GCA in the dental literature. PMID- 3480351 TI - Effects of citric acid on human gingival epithelium. PMID- 3480353 TI - Calcium dependence of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-induced force and myosin light chain phosphorylation in arterial smooth muscle. AB - Phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) is an activator of protein kinase C and has been observed to cause a slow developing contraction in vascular smooth muscle. The mechanism of phorbol ester-induced contraction is unknown. We studied the Ca++ dependence of, and the degree of myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC-P), during PDB-induced contractions in rabbit aortic rings. PDB elicited concentration-dependent contractions (3 X 10(-8) to 10(-6) M) in rabbit aortic rings incubated in normal (1.6 mM Ca++) physiologic salt solution (PSS). Addition of the Ca++-channel blocker nifedipine (0.1 microM) to PSS or removal or Ca++ from PSS significantly reduced the contractile responses to PDB. Depletion of Ca++ by repeated washes in O Ca++-PSS containing 10(-3) M ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid reduced, but did not eliminate, the responses to PDB. In PSS, PDB significantly increased the fraction of phosphorylated MLC/total MLC to 0.33 from a resting value of 0.20. Ca++ depletion reduced the resting fraction (MLC-P/MLC) to 0.14. PDB-stimulated contractions in Ca++-depleted tissues occurred in the absence of significant increases in MLC-P. Sodium nitroprusside partially relaxed PDB-induced contractions by approximately 50% whether elicited in the presence of 1.6 mM Ca++ or after Ca++ depletion. In both cases relaxation occurred in the absence of statistically significant decreases in MLC phosphorylation. Ca++-dependent MLC phosphorylation may account for a component of the PDB contractile response in rabbit aorta. Studies in the absence of Ca++ suggest that PDB may activate contraction without concomitant MLC P. PMID- 3480354 TI - Indomethacin antagonizes furosemide's intratubular effects during loop segment microperfusion. AB - To determine if indomethacin antagonizes the effect of intraluminal furosemide, superficial loop segments were microperfused from latest proximal to earliest distal tubules at 20 nl/min with 10(-5) M furosemide in rats treated with indomethacin or vehicle. Base-line loop chloride reabsorption was determined in the presence and absence of indomethacin in a third and fourth group perfused with a similar solution with furosemide omitted. Arterial pressure, whole kidney inulin clearance and urinary chloride excretion were not different among groups. Fractional loop chloride reabsorption was less (P less than .05) in vehicle treated rats perfused with furosemide than in time control rats perfused without furosemide (30.8 +/- 2.8 vs. 50.3 +/- 2.8%). Fractional chloride reabsorption was greater (P less than .05) in furosemide-perfused loops of indomethacin-treated rats than furosemide-perfused loops of vehicle-treated rats (44.2 +/- 1.9 vs. 30.8 +/- 2.8%). Addition of 10(-4) M prostaglandin E2 to perfusate did not potentiate furosemide's effect in vehicle-treated rats but restored furosemide's potency in indomethacin-treated rats. Thus, indomethacin had no effect on base line loop chloride uptake but attenuated furosemide's luminal effect. This response could be reversed by luminal prostaglandin E2. This study demonstrates that indomethacin antagonizes furosemide's tubular effects in the absence of furosemide-induced vasodilatation. PMID- 3480356 TI - Water sorption by denture acrylic resin and consequent changes in vertical dimension. PMID- 3480355 TI - The influences of fear, anxiety, and depression on the patient's adaptive responses to complete dentures. Part I. AB - Loss and body image can result in anxiety, depression, or both and can affect a patient's adaptive capacity to accept edentulism and complete dentures. A specific classification system has been presented to identify responses by individuals who are made edentulous. Three types of maladaptive responses are considered as probable consequences of fear, anxiety, and depression associated with tooth loss and complete dentures. In maladaptive class 1, the patient adapts physically but is maladaptive psychologically; thus suffering some impairment of the quality of life. In maladaptive class 2, the so-called "difficult patient" is maladaptive physically and psychologically and keeps the doctor involved technically and emotionally for a protracted period of time. The maladaptive class 3 patient collapses with the loss of teeth. Physical and emotional maladaptibility is accompanied by much suffering and social withdrawal. PMID- 3480357 TI - Use of a portable electromyogram integrator and biofeedback unit in the treatment of chronic nocturnal bruxism. PMID- 3480358 TI - Is temporomandibular joint dysfunction associated with generalized joint hypermobility? PMID- 3480359 TI - Correlation of dental amalgam with mercury in brain tissue. AB - Data from this project demonstrate a positive correlation between the number of occlusal surfaces of dental amalgam and mercury levels in the brain (p less than .0025 in white matter). This is indirect evidence suggesting that mercury from dental amalgam fillings may contribute to the body burden of mercury in the brain. The toxic levels of mercury in human tissues have not been sufficiently investigated and the amount of mercury in human brain tissue from dental amalgam may or may not be clinically significant. Nevertheless, dental amalgam exposure should be considered in monitoring sources of mercury accumulation in human brain tissue. PMID- 3480360 TI - [Effects of anesthesia and various types of stress on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) contents in brain and plasma levels of stress hormones in rats]. PMID- 3480361 TI - [Effects of cilastatin sodium, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I, on human urinary peptide excretion. Patients with renal insufficiency]. AB - Effects of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), a new parenteral carbapenem combination antibiotic, on the excretion of urinary peptides were investigated by amino acid analysis of these peptides from 12 patients with varying degrees of impairment of renal function, after single or multiple doses (9 doses) of 500 mg/500 mg of the combination drug administered by 30-minute drip infusion. In a single dose study, slight increase in glycine (Gly) were observed in patients with mildly impaired renal function (group I). On the other hand, several amino acids including aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), Gly and alanine (Ala) were increased in patients with moderately (group II) and severely (group III) impaired renal function. Gly showed the greatest increase, 1.029 microM/mg creatinine.2 hours, and the value was 2.4 times as high as the control collected before drug administration. These values were reduced to the control levels within 10-12 hours after the drug administration for amino acids showing small increases and within 12-24 hours after drug administration even for those showing greater increases. In a multiple-dose study employing 3 patients with moderately impaired renal function, Asp and Gly were found to increase after the 1st, 5th and 9th doses. The increased amino acids were reduced to preadministration levels within 10-12 hours or faster, and no tendency for accumulation was observed. From the above results, CS, as a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor apparently caused increases in some peptides consisting mainly of Asp, Glu, Gly and Ala in patients with impaired renal function. A careful selection of dose levels and frequency of administration will be required in patients with moderately or severely impaired renal function. PMID- 3480363 TI - [A clinical evaluation of CA 125 levels in serum, ascites and pleural effusion]. AB - CA 125 in serum, ascites and pleural effusion has been measured in various diseases by an immunoradiometric assay using ELISA CA 125 Kit for an evaluation of its clinical significance as a possible tumor marker. Serum CA 125 was found to be elevated in 90% of the cases involving ovarian cancer and especially in cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma in the early stages, though these serum levels decreased after effective treatment. The CA 125 also was elevated in 63% of the cases involving lung cancer, mostly in the advanced cases regardless of the histological type. CA 125 in ascites proved to be only elevated in malignant diseases, but it was equally high in pleural effusions both in benign and malignant diseases. PMID- 3480362 TI - [Clinical study of cefmenoxime in thoracic surgery. Transfer of cefmenoxime to lung tissue and pleural fluid and prophylaxis of postoperative infections]. AB - Twenty-six patients who underwent pulmonary resection for the lung disease were administered 1 g of cefmenoxime (CMX) by intravenous drip infusion just before the operation. The CMX levels in the serum, lung tissue and pleural fluid were measured using the agar-well technique. The effect of the drug on the prophylaxis of postoperative infections was investigated. The obtained results are summarized as follows; 1. The peak concentration of CMX in the serum was 58.23 micrograms/ml 1 hour after starting the drip infusion of 1 g of CMX. The serum half-life of CMX (beta-phase) was 2.15 hours. 2. The ratio of the CMX concentration in lung tissue to the peak serum level was 14.9% 202 minutes after starting the drip infusion. In the pulmonary lesion, the ratio was 9.72% at the 201 minutes. In the bronchiole, the ratio was 20.7% 191 minutes after starting the drip infusion. 3. The concentration of CMX in the pleural fluid was 2.53 micrograms/ml 12 hours after starting the drip infusion. 4. CMX is useful as a prophylaxis of postoperative infections after thoracotomy, because no postoperative infectious complications were observed. PMID- 3480365 TI - [CA125 in patients with pleural effusion--in comparison with ascites patients]. PMID- 3480364 TI - [Significance of an inversion of chromosome 16, inv (16) (p13q22), in M4 with eosinophilia]. PMID- 3480366 TI - Application of cellular biology to the studies of internal medicine. PMID- 3480367 TI - [The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation with ACNU on experimental bladder tumor]. PMID- 3480368 TI - Breast cancer and colon cancer incidence in females in Scotland, 1960-84. AB - In view of the suggested similarity in risk factors for breast cancer and colon cancer in women, an analysis was undertaken to investigate age, period, and cohort influences on the risk of these diseases by use of incidence data for Scotland. Statistical modeling of data for the period 1960-84 revealed that both the age effects and the cohort effects were different for each site. While younger cohorts apparently had signs of reduced risk of both diseases, reduced risk was only apparent among the very youngest cohorts in the case of breast cancer, whereas there has been a gradual reduction in the risk of colon cancer among successive cohorts born since the beginning of the century. Clemmesen's hook was demonstrated in the age-incidence curve of breast cancer, which was clearly shown to have two different slopes: among premenopausal and among postmenopausal women. The declining risk of breast cancer in younger cohorts appeared contradictory to their apparently "high-risk" profile (in terms of present knowledge of etiologic factors) and suggested the possible existence of a factor that protects against breast cancer, at least at younger ages, but that remains, as yet, unidentified. PMID- 3480369 TI - Differences in lipid characteristics of autologous human melanoma cell lines with distinct biological properties. AB - Significant differences in lipid composition were found when six established human melanoma cell lines were compared. A pair of cell lines was initiated from a superficial spreading melanoma and the lymph node of the same patient; four others were also autologous, three of which originated from the same nodular melanoma and the other from its metastasis. Cell lines varied in pigmentation level and ability to grow in nude mice. Cell lines contained similar amounts of total cholesterol, glycerides, and phospholipids but different amounts of free cholesterol and cholesterol esters. In particular, the molar ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid was increased in highly tumorigenic cell lines. No changes in phospholipid profiles were noted among cell lines, except an increase in sphingomyelin with a concomitant decrease in phosphatidylcholine in one cell line compared to the profiles of its counterpart cell line. The saturated-to unsaturated fatty acid ratios in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were similar in all cell lines, but the monounsaturated-to-polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in phosphatidylcholine was increased in highly tumorigenic cell lines. A significant variation in the latter ratio in phosphatidylethanolamine was also observed in the pair of autologous cell lines. These changes were unrelated to a depletion in linoleic acid in culture medium. Results obtained by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene were consistent with the differences in lipid composition between two autologous cell lines. The present results indicate that two lipid characteristics were significantly changed in highly tumorigenic cell lines as compared to cell lines with low tumorigenicity, but no correlation was found between either pigmentation level or origin (primary or metastatic) and lipid composition. PMID- 3480370 TI - Nonrandom chromosomal changes in human solid tumors: application of an improved culture method. AB - A cytogenetic study was performed on 48 primary human benign, borderline malignant, and malignant solid tumors from more than 10 different tissues. An improved cell culture method using an extracellular matrix substrate and a polyvalent serum-free medium was applied, which ensured a success rate of about 68%. The results disclosed a nonrandom involvement of chromosomes 1, 3, and 7 (especially duplication of chromosome 7) in numerical changes and a clustering of breakpoints on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, and 11. These data indicate that some chromosomal changes are shared by various types of tumors, suggesting some common genetic clonal evolution pathways. PMID- 3480371 TI - Distribution of estradiol and percentage of free testosterone in sera of Japanese women: preoperative breast cancer patients and normal controls. AB - For the purpose of investigating a possible correlation between the genesis of breast cancer and the serum contents of free (non-protein-bound) estradiol (E2) and free testosterone (T) in Japanese women, the distributions of free and total E2 and T and the binding capacity of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in serum were compared for 39 patients with preoperative breast cancer and 40 normal women (controls). The patients were found to have significantly higher free E2 and free T (in terms of the percentage of the total) than did controls. Conversely, percentages of SHBG-bound E2 and albumin-bound E2 were not significantly different for patients and controls. The SHBG binding capacity was significantly smaller in postmenopausal, but not in premenopausal, patients. Free E2 and free T were found to be negatively correlated with the SHBG binding capacity in both patients and controls. A significant negative correlation also was noted between the percentage of free E2 or free T and the age of controls. The percentage of free T was positively correlated with body weight for both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. These results suggest a possibility that the elevation of free E2 in the serum may be one of the potential risk factors for genesis of breast cancer in Japanese women. PMID- 3480372 TI - Cancer in survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma and their relatives. AB - One hundred fifty-nine 3-year survivors of childhood soft tissue sarcoma and their relatives were surveyed to determine the frequency of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in patients and cancer in their relatives. The cancer experience of the patients, their offspring, siblings, parents, parental siblings, and grandparents was compared to that expected of the general population based on age , sex- and calendar year-specific rates from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. A significant excess of SMNs was observed in the patients (observed expected = 8:0.38). Among 758 first-degree relatives, a significant cancer excess was observed (34:20.68), attributable largely to cancer of soft tissue and bone (6:0.44) and breast (9:3.39) and to cancers occurring before age 35 years (12:4.14). Overall, a significantly lower than expected cancer incidence was confirmed in the 1,693 second-degree relatives (142:178). To identify patient characteristics associated with higher than expected familial cancer risk, kindreds were partitioned by patient age at diagnosis tumor type, tumor site SMN and other factors. A highly significant cancer excess was observed in the relatives of SMN patients (26:12.78). The tumor types occurring in excess in close relatives were also observed as SMNs in the patients. The findings confirm an association among childhood soft tissue sarcoma and cancers of the breast, bone, joint, or soft tissue as SMN in patients and in close relatives and suggest that the risk of a second tumor is associated with a familial predisposition to cancer. PMID- 3480373 TI - Nasopharyngeal cancer, sinonasal cancer, and occupations related to formaldehyde: a case-control study. AB - Formaldehyde vapor induces cancer of the nasal passages in laboratory animals. In this case-control epidemiologic study, occupational information was obtained for 198 persons with sinonasal cancer (SNC), for 173 with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) identified as incident cases by the Connecticut Tumor Registry over 41 years among Connecticut males dying of any cause, and for 605 controls sampled from Connecticut death certificates. City directories and death certificates provided information on job, industry, employer, and year of employment for exposure classification. Without knowledge as to case-control status, an industrial hygienist particularly experienced in epidemiologic studies of formaldehyde classified each study subject with respect to probability and degree of formaldehyde exposure. For those with probable exposure to the high level 20+ years prior to death the odds ratio for NPC was 2.3 [95% confidence limits (CL): 0.9, 6.0], and for those with this same risk factor among men dying at age 68+ (the median study age at death or older) the odds ratio was 4.0 [95% CL: 1.3, 12.0--with two-sided P = .015, unadjusted for multiple significance tests, and with two-sided P = .129 in testing for interaction between this risk factor (never any exposure vs. probable exposure to high level 20+ years prior to death) and age (age less than 68 yr vs. age 68+ yr)]. Odds ratios were close to unity for 9 of 13 industries. Formaldehyde-related occupations in printing appeared to be associated with any type of nasal cancer (either SNC or NPC). PMID- 3480374 TI - Effect of low-fat diet on female sex hormone levels. AB - The hypothesis that dietary fat acts as a promotional agent for the development of breast cancer by influencing sex hormone levels was tested in a dietary intervention study. Thirty-three women in good health were randomly allocated to commence either a standard diet (deriving 40% of their energy from fat) or a low fat diet (deriving 20% of their energy from fat). After 2 months, the women were crossed over to the alternative diet for another 2 months. Serum hormone and lipid levels were measured in the middle and at the end of each dietary period. In premenopausal women, the low-fat diet appeared to decrease levels of both non protein-bound estradiol (1.48 down to 1.27%; P = .07) and non-protein-bound testosterone (1.06 down to 0.86%; P = .11). Cholesterol levels were lowered by the low-fat diet and were significantly associated with estradiol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with estradiol and prolactin. For the postmenopausal women, the low fat diet lowered cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels, but there were not the same associations with the hormones. These findings add weight to the concept that attention to diet may be a means of reducing the incidence of breast cancer in our community. PMID- 3480375 TI - Lability of DNA polymerase alpha correlated with decreased DNA synthesis and increased age in human cells. AB - DNA excision repair and mitogen-initiated blastogenesis in human cells declined in efficiency as an apparent function of decreased DNA polymerase alpha specific activity with increased age of the cell donor. DNA polymerase alpha isolated from fetal cells contained a single, high-specific-activity enzyme form that could not be further activated and that was stable with regard to enzyme activity and affinity for DNA template-primer. DNA polymerase alpha isolated from adult derived cells contained both low-specific-activity and high-specific-activity forms. The low-activity enzyme form, which showed low affinity of binding to DNA template-primer, was activated by treatment with phosphatidylinositol, 32P-ATP, and phosphatidylinositol kinase, resulting in a 32P-labeled enzyme that exhibited high affinity of binding to DNA template-primer. The activated enzyme was unstable, exhibiting a loss of 32P-label correlated with the loss of both specific activity and high affinity of binding to DNA template-primer. The data suggest that DNA polymerase alpha isolated from adult-derived human cells has low activity and high-activity forms. Decreased specific activity of DNA polymerase alpha correlated with increased age of the donor appears to be a function of loss of an enzyme activator molecule resulting in diminished ability of the enzyme to bind DNA template-primer. PMID- 3480376 TI - Proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells among residents of Linxian, People's Republic of China. AB - Histopathologic and tritiated thymidine labeling subjects were carried out on esophageal biopsy specimens of 44 human subjects with cytologic evidence of dysplasia from Linxian, People's Republic of China, a high-risk area for esophageal cancer. With the use of histopathologic criteria, 10 cases showed evidence of dysplasia, 20 hyperplasia, and 14 a near-normal morphology when compared with 21 normal cases studied previously from Jiaoxian, a low-risk area for esophageal cancer in the People's Republic of China. Significantly increased labeling indices were found in the esophageal mucosa of the dysplasia and hyperplasia subjects. There was a gradient of increased expansion in the basal layer of proliferating cells progressing from normal to hyperplasia to dysplasia, with the expansion twice as high in the epithelial cell lining in dysplasia when compared with the findings in the normal and near-normal groups. The correlation of proliferative abnormalities with the severity of precancerous lesions of the esophagus indicates that labeling studies may provide a sensitive adjunct to evaluate risk status and any modifications that might result from nutritional intervention. PMID- 3480377 TI - Lung cancer mortality (1950-80) in relation to radon daughter exposure in a cohort of workers at the Eldorado Port Radium uranium mine: possible modification of risk by exposure rate. AB - A cohort study of 2,103 workers employed between 1942 and 1960 at a uranium mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada, was conducted. A total of 57 lung cancer deaths was observed (expected = 24.73, P less than .0001). There was a highly significant linear relationship between exposure and increased risk of lung cancer, giving estimates for the relative and attributable risk coefficients of 0.27 per working level month (WLM) and 3.10 per WLM per 10(6) person-years. These risk coefficients were substantially less than those estimated from the experience of miners in the Beaverlodge mine, which have previously been reported. Any biases in the present estimates are likely to have been upward, and therefore they probably represent an upper limit. The major difference between the two mine cohorts is in the exposure rate, since the Port Radium miners were exposed to much greater concentrations of radon daughters than the Beaverlodge miners. It is postulated that risk of lung cancer from radon daughter exposure may be modified by exposure rate, for which hypothesis there is some support from other epidemiologic data. PMID- 3480378 TI - Bladder cancer, drinking water source, and tap water consumption: a case-control study. AB - Data from a population-based case-control interview study of incident bladder cancer in 10 areas of the United States were used to estimate relative risks among white men (2,116 cases, 3,892 controls) and women (689 cases, 1,366 controls) according to beverage intake level and type of water source. Individual year-by-year profiles of water source and treatment were developed by linking lifetime residential information with historical water utility data from an ancillary survey. Risk of bladder cancer increased with intake level of beverages made with tap water. The odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. lowest quintile of tap water consumption was 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23, 1.67; chi 2 for trend = 26.3, P less than .001]. The risk gradient with intake was restricted to persons with at least a 40-year exposure to chlorinated surface water and was not found among long-term users of nonchlorinated ground water. The ORs for the highest vs. lowest quintiles of tap water intake were 1.7 and 2.0, respectively, among subjects with 40-59 and greater than or equal to 60 years' exposure. Duration of exposure to chlorinated surface water was associated with bladder cancer risk among women and nonsmokers of both sexes. Among non-smoking respondents with tap water consumption above the population median, the OR increased with exposure duration to a level of 3.1 (CI = 1.3, 7.3; chi 2 for trend = 6.3, P = .01) for greater than or equal to 60 years of residence at places served by chlorinated surface water (vs. non-chlorinated ground water users). These results extend findings of earlier epidemiologic studies and are consistent with environmental chemistry and toxicologic data demonstrating the presence of genotoxic by-products of chlorine disinfection in treated surface waters. PMID- 3480379 TI - Toxic and carcinogenic agents in dry and moist snuff. AB - The oral use of snuff is causatively associated with cancer of the oral cavity. Since most epidemiologic studies to date relate to the long-term use of dry snuff, which has dominated the U.S. smokeless tobacco market in the past, the concentrations of several toxic and carcinogenic agents in the three most popular dry snuff brands have been compared with those in the five most popular moist snuff brands sold in the United States. All eight samples were analyzed for nitrate, alkaloids, polyphenols, volatile carbonyl compounds, lead, cadmium, selenium, and the carcinogenic compounds benzo[a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8), polonium 210 (CAS: 13981-52-7), volatile N-nitrosamines (VNAs), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (CAS: 1116-54-7), and the tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs). Most of the snuff brands were rich in nitrate (greater than or equal to 1.5%), total polyphenols (greater than 2%), and in nicotine (greater than or equal to 1.5%), which is the habituating factor in tobacco use. Concentrations of the VNAs were significantly above the permissible limits set for some food products; the concentrations of the TSNAs in both snuff types exceeded the levels of nitrosamines in other consumer products by at least two to three orders of magnitude. The extremely high levels of the TSNAs in snuff have remained unchanged during the last decade and present the major carcinogenic risk factor for the oral use of snuff. Polonium-210 contributes further to the carcinogenic risk associated with snuff. The chemical-analytical data presented in this study do not indicate marked differences in the carcinogenic potential of moist snuff compared to dry snuff. PMID- 3480380 TI - Assessment of methods for the cytogenetic analysis of human solid tumors. AB - A comparative study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of various procedures (e.g., direct harvest vs. short-term culture) for the cytogenetic analysis of human solid tumors. A total of 51 specimens (38 primary tumors, 13 effusions) were examined from 45 patients with tumors of the ovary, lung, breast, colon, and testicles. Sufficient numbers (greater than or equal to 3) of metaphase cells to be useful for karyotypic analysis were obtained in 42 of 51 (82.3%) specimens. More than 10 analyzable metaphases were found in each of 32 specimens (62.7%), but in some cases it was necessary to examine many slide preparations to achieve this number. The rate of successful chromosome preparations was markedly better for short-term cultures than for specimens harvested directly. Short-term cultures generally showed a mitotic peak after about 3 days of growth in vitro. Generally, the quality of metaphase cells was better in specimens disaggregated enzymatically with collagenase than in those dissociated mechanically. Exposure to ethidium bromide (EB) for the final 2 hours of culture yielded more cells with elongated chromosomes than cultures harvested by conventional methods without EB. Overall, the findings indicate that successful karyotypic analysis can be performed in a high percentage of human solid tumors with the use of techniques that can be readily applied in most cytogenetics laboratories. However, further methodological advances in tissue culture are warranted to routinely provide large numbers of mitotic cells for karyotypic analysis. PMID- 3480382 TI - Dinitrotoluene isomer-specific hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 rats. AB - The hepatocarcinogenicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene [(2,4-DNT) CAS: 121-14-2], 2,6 DNT (CAS: 606-20-2), and a representative technical-grade DNT (TDNT) containing 76% 2,4-DNT and 18% 2,6-DNT was studied in male F344 rats. Rats were fed diets containing 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, or TDNT at concentrations that resulted in doses of 27 mg/kg/day for 2,4-DNT, 7 or 14 mg/kg/day for 2,6-DNT, and 35 mg/kg/day for TDNT. The carcinogenic effects were evaluated after 1 year of treatment. Administration of 2,6-DNT produced hepatocellular carcinomas in 100 and 85% of animals receiving 14 and 7 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast to the 2,6-DNT results, feeding of 2,4-DNT for 1 year caused no hepatic tumors. Treatment with both isomers (TDNT) resulted in a 47% incidence of hepatocellular tumors. The majority of tumors had a trabecular pattern, and pulmonary metastases were present in the 14- and 7-mg/kg 2,6-DNT-fed groups. These results have demonstrated that 2,6-DNT is a potent and complete hepatocarcinogen and that 2,4 DNT, under these conditions, is nonhepatocarcinogenic. In addition, these data indicate that 2,6-DNT accounts for the majority of the carcinogenic activity of TDNT. PMID- 3480381 TI - Radiation dose and leukemia risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. AB - To quantify the risk of radiation-induced leukemia and provide further information on the nature of the relationship between dose and response, a case control study was undertaken in a cohort of over 150,000 women with invasive cancer of the uterine cervix. The cases either were reported to one of 17 population-based cancer registries or were treated in any of 16 oncologic clinics in Canada, Europe, and the United States. Four controls were individually matched to each of 195 cases of leukemia on the basis of age and calendar year when diagnosed with cervical cancer and survival time. Leukemia diagnoses were verified by one hematologist. Radiation dose to active bone marrow was estimated by medical physicists on the basis of the original radiotherapy records of study subjects. The risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, one of the few malignancies without evidence for an association with ionizing radiation, was not increased [relative risk (RR) = 1.03; n = 52]. However, for all other forms of leukemia taken together (n = 143), a twofold risk was evident (RR = 2.0; 90% confidence interval = 1.0-4.2). Risk increased with increasing radiation dose until average doses of about 400 rad (4 Gy) were reached and then decreased at higher doses. This pattern is consistent with experimental data for which the down-turn in risk at high doses has been interpreted as due to killing of potentially leukemic cells. The dose-response information was modeled with various RR functions, accounting for the nonhomogeneous distribution of radiation dose during radiotherapy. The local radiation doses to each of 14 bone marrow compartments for each patient were incorporated in the models, and the corresponding risks were summed. A good fit to the observed data was obtained with a linear exponential function, which included a positive linear induction term and a negative exponential term. The estimate of the excess RR per rad was 0.9%, and the estimated RR at 100 rad (1 Gy) was 1.7. The model proposed in this study of risk proportional to mass exposed and of risk to an individual given by the sum of incremental risks to anatomic sites appears to be applicable to a wide range of dose distributions. Furthermore, the pattern of leukemia incidence associated with different levels of radiation dose is consistent with a model postulating increasing risk with increasing exposure, modified at high doses by increased frequency of cell death, which reduces risk. PMID- 3480383 TI - Dose-dependent radiation effect on microvasculature and repair. AB - It has been postulated that the damage to microvasculature may be a major factor in the manifestation of late radiation damage to organized tissue. In this study, the radiation damage to microvasculature was investigated in a rabbit model during the early phases of irradiation with the use of vascular permeability as a marker. By means of a triple isotopic technique, the vascular, extravascular, and intracellular spaces could be defined. A forelimb and hindlimb of New Zealand White rabbits were irradiated with single doses of 2-30 Gy. 125I- and 131I labeled bioscreened albumin were used to determine the changes in vascular permeability due to irradiation. The rabbits were sacrificed at various intervals post irradiation. Vascular and extravascular spaces and the respective albumin concentrations in tissue samples from irradiated limbs were compared with control values from the unirradiated contralateral limbs in each animal. The results indicated a definite increase in the vascular permeability of albumin secondary to irradiation. The increase in vascular permeability was apparent instantaneously with irradiation, even at 2 Gy. The microvascular compromise appear to be dose related. When examined at 16-24 hours post irradiation, the excess extravasation of albumin was significant at and beyond 8 Gy. At 10-30 days post irradiation, injury was not apparent up to 15 Gy. Thus there appeared to be an instantaneous injury at the capillary level due to irradiation, which appeared to be dose related. A repair process became evident as early as 16-24 hours and appeared to be dose related as well as related to elapsed time post irradiation. PMID- 3480385 TI - Growth hormone and experimental cancer cachexia. AB - Plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and the effect of GH treatment have been evaluated in adult nongrowing sarcoma-bearing mice (C57BL/6J). Prepubertal tumor bearing mice, tumor-bearing hypophysectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, and malnourished non-tumor-bearing animals served as additional groups of study and control animals. Adult sarcoma-bearing mice showed an increase in plasma levels of GH early following tumor implantation. GH levels increased further with tumor progression. The anorexia and the state of malnutrition in sarcoma-bearing mice were the major factors behind increased GH levels. Muscle wasting and body composition in the tumor-bearing host were not improved by GH treatment at doses that increased growth rate in normal growing mice with intact pituitaries or partially normalized growth rate in hypophysectomized rats. Exogenous GH supported tumor growth and host body growth to the same extent in hypophysectomized rats. Exogenous GH in excess of endogenous GH did not stimulate tumor growth further. It is suggested that increased GH production in a tumor bearing host acts in concert with other hormones to stimulate endogenous substrate mobilization and in tumor-bearing animals to prevent substrate deficiency and hypoglycemia. On the basis of this conclusion, it is unlikely that GH supplementation to a freely eating tumor-bearing host will support replenishment of host tissues. PMID- 3480384 TI - Preliminary studies on a more effective phototoxic agent than hematoporphyrin. AB - Phototoxicity of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) has been tested in vitro and compared with that of hematoporphyrin (HP). After 1-hour activation with visible light, BPD was 10 times more cytotoxic than HP toward human adherent cell lines: A549 lung cancer, Calu-1 lung carcinoma, and CCD-19Lu normal lung, killing 100% of cells at the concentration of 70 ng/ml. Under the same conditions, BPD was 10 70 times more cytotoxic than HP toward nonadherent cells and cell lines. Tested were human leukemia cell lines HL60, K562, and KG1, normal human lymphocytes, and mouse mastocytoma cell line P815. The concentrations required to kill 100% of cells varied between 10 and 500 ng BPD/ml and between 0.2 and 10 micrograms HP/ml. The difference between the nonadherent cell lines in respect to their sensitivity to phototoxicity of both BPD and HP seemed to be related to the cell sizes, with the smallest cells being the most vulnerable. The most attractive characteristic of BPD in addition to its powerful phototoxicity is its maximum absorption around 700 nm, which is in the range of wavelengths penetrating tissues the best. This characteristic alone could make BPD a drug of choice in cancer photodynamic therapy when the safety of its use is ensured. Preliminary tests in vivo have shown that DBA/2J mice can tolerate a single ip injection of 20-60 micrograms BPD as well as the same dose of HP. The biodistribution and toxicity studies of BPD are under way in our laboratory. PMID- 3480386 TI - Qualitative and quantitative changes in sialomucins during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - Regional differences in goblet cell glycoproteins have been demonstrated qualitatively and, to a limited extent, quantitatively in the normal adult colon. In disease states, alterations in these glycoproteins, particularly the sialoglycoproteins (SGs), have been reported. The present study defined parallel qualitative and quantitative changes in SGs in three colon regions during 1,2 dimethylhydrazine [(DMH) CAS: 540-73-8]-induced carcinogenesis. SGs were assessed histochemically by use of high iron diamine-Alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining, and tissue sialic acid levels were measured by a modified Warren assay. Two groups of inbred SD rats (n = 28) were pair-fed nutritionally complete liquid diets with 36% of calories supplied as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates. The dietary alcohol was added to selectively enhance rectal tumors, a region of prevalent tumors in humans. Both groups received 4 weeks of liquid diet followed by 4 weeks of standard laboratory chow with weekly sc injections of DMH. This 8-week cycle was repeated four times (32 wk). Animals from each group were sacrificed at 8, 16, 24, and 32 weeks, and adjacent tissues from proximal and distal colon and rectum were prepared for histology and biochemical assay. The results showed a progressive increase in sialomucin staining in normal-appearing mucosa in distal colon and rectum in both groups but not in the proximal colon. In contrast, tissue sialic acid increased in all three regions as early as 8 weeks, and significant increases were consistently present by 32 weeks. A different pattern was observed in tissue from frank tumors. Compared with normal-appearing mucosa, both sialomucin staining and tissue sialic acid levels were reduced in tumor tissue by 32 weeks. These studies indicated that tissue sialic acid levels may provide a simple and reliable screening technique in the early diagnosis of premalignant change in all regions of the colon. PMID- 3480387 TI - [Prostaglandins and thromboxane in coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - The prostanoid status was assessed in 138 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and clinical signs of stable angina. Plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha and E1, and stable prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites were measured radioimmunologically, using standard kits. A relationship is demonstrated between the severity of clinical manifestations, and pattern and magnitude of change in individual prostanoids. PMID- 3480388 TI - [Interrelation between the genetic markers of blood and lipids in a population]. PMID- 3480389 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma]. PMID- 3480390 TI - Research at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine. PMID- 3480391 TI - Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on tumor prevention, tumor growth, and metastasis in experimental colon cancer. AB - The effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer in male, random bred, Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and inbred Wister/Furth (W/Fu) rats and on isograft tumor growth and metastases in a Brown Norwegian (BN) X W/Fu F1 rat was studied. 13-cis-RA (300 mg/kg diet) was administered to S-D rats 1 week before commencing DMH injections and for the duration of the experiment. W/Fu rats received 13-cis-RA (10 mg/kg weight X 5 days) 6 weeks after DMH injection had begun and monthly thereafter. Primary tumors were detected by serial laparotomy under ether anesthesia in both strains. The time to tumor onset was significantly delayed in treated groups, S-D and W/Fu, P = 0.0339 and 0.0322, respectively (Mantel-Haenszel test), compared with placebo-treated controls. 13-cis-RA (15 mg/kg weight) administered 2 days before and for the duration of isograft tumor growth (DMH 2054, a well-differentiated mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma that spontaneously metastasized to lung) had no effect on tumor growth or metastasis in the BN X W/Fu F1 rat. The findings suggest that the role of 13-cis-RA is in colon cancer prevention and not in its treatment either in an adjuvant or established setting. PMID- 3480392 TI - Seminal oestrogens in the boar: origin and functions in the sow. AB - The boar produces considerable amounts of oestrogens in the Leydig-cells also occurring in semen. Very high oestrogen concentrations are measurable in the fluid of the tubuli, which contribute the main part of seminal oestrogens. Additionally, the accessory sex glands add 22% of the unconjugated oestrogens and 12% of conjugated oestrogens to the ejaculate. Concentrations vary considerably according to season and individuals. So far a maximum of 15.3 micrograms was measured in one ejaculate. Infusion of oestrogens (simulation of the oestrogen content of an ejaculate) at oestrus through a catheter into the uterus lumen leads to an increase of the myometrial contraction-frequency for 3 h. Additionally "inseminations" with oestradiol-17 beta (Oe 2), oestrone (Oe 1), and oestrone-sulfate (Oe 1-S) (naturally occurring in the ejaculate) in 10-micrograms amounts at oestrus may lead to an increase of PGF2 alpha concentrations in the uterine veins within a few minutes. This increase may be found after "insemination" with each of the three steroids but not after saline. A parallel rise of the "inseminated" oestrogen is measurable in the uterine vein plasma and may reach concentrations up to several thousand pg/ml. This rise also leads to significantly increased concentrations in peripheral plasma for about 30 min after the "insemination" of Oe 2 (increase of Oe 2 and Oe 1-S) and Oe 1 (Oe 1 and Oe 1-S). Consequences of seminal oestrogens for sperm transport and the timing of ovulation are discussed. PMID- 3480393 TI - Sterol sulfates in the epididymis; synthesis and possible function in the reproductive process. AB - Sterol sulfates are present in relatively high concentrations in the male reproductive tract. Cholesteryl sulfate is the major sterol sulfate in the human epididymis while desmosteryl sulfate is the major sterol sulfate in the hamster epididymis. While the testis is the major source of sterol sulfate in the human, the epididymis of the hamster is the source of demosteryl sulfate. This conjugate accumulates along the length of the epididymis and is taken up by the plasma membrane in the acrosomal region of the spermatozoa. Sulfotransferase activity increases along the epididymis and this is due to the actual synthesis of the enzyme. Sterol sulfates are potent and specific inhibitors of the proteolytic enzyme, acrosin. This property could provide protection against the premature release of proteolytic activity within the male reproductive tract. It is proposed that the removal of this inhibition occurs within the female tract via sulfatase activity in order to enable the acrosome reaction and ovum penetration to occur. PMID- 3480394 TI - Transplantation and morphological studies of primary and passaged murine radiation-induced myeloid leukaemias. AB - Myeloid leukaemia can be induced reproducibly in CBA/H male mice following X irradiation. After serial passage of the leukaemic cells into syngeneic recipients, they grow faster and require fewer cells for a take. Transplantation of primary leukaemias requires high cell doses unlike passaged lines derived from them. Passaging at low cell doses retains their primary-like growth and morphological properties. It would seem that these low cell dose passages may be a more useful model which can be used for investigating the biology and therapeutic responses of myeloid leukaemia than routinely passaged cell lines. PMID- 3480395 TI - Establishment and characterization of a polyploid mouse myeloid leukemia cell line useful for in-vivo examination of cell proliferation kinetics. AB - A near-tetraploid cell line (LL-1) was established from mouse myeloid leukemia Ml cells. This paper reports characterization of the LL-1 cells and the in-vivo detection of the leukemia cells transplanted in syngeneic mice. The LL-1 cells are myeloblastic and grow well in suspension culture. Morphological analysis showed that the nucleus of LL-1 cells was almost twice as large as that of the parent line cells. The modal chromosome number of LL-1 cells was 75, and the DNA index determined by flow cytometry was 2.3. The cells were unresponsive to the inducer of differentiation of M1 cells. Transplantation experiments showed that the LL-1 cells were leukemogenic in syngeneic SL mice: ten mice inoculated i.p. with LL-1 cells (4 X 10(6)) all died of leukemia within 6 weeks. The cells in the peritoneal cavity were collected at appropriate times during progression of the leukemia. On microscopic examination the LL-1 cells were clearly distinguishable from normal host cells in the peritoneal cavity by the size of their nucleus. Counts showed that their number decreased markedly during the first 2 weeks after their transplantation, and then increased about ten times in a week. By 4 or 5 weeks after transplantation these LL-1 cells filled the peritoneal cavity. These large-sized leukemia cells that grow in syngeneic mice will be useful for investigating the mechanisms of in-vivo responses of leukemia cells to various therapeutic treatments. PMID- 3480396 TI - Clonal analysis of the response of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells to photosensitization induced by a pyrene-containing fatty acid. AB - Incubation of cells with 12-(1-pyrene) dodecanoic acid (P12), a fatty acid to which a pyrene nucleus has been covalently linked, followed by irradiation with long-wave ultra-violet light (LUV) at 366 nm, resulted in cytotoxicity. Syntheses of macromolecules was significantly decreased after 30 min, while an accumulation of trypan-blue positive, non-viable cells was observed several hours following irradiation. Cloning of the irradiated cells in semi-solid medium showed an exponential dose-response survival curve. Above a threshold dose colony number decreased, although the rate of clonal development and the final size were not affected. The sensitivity of detecting rare surviving cells could be increased by incubating the irradiated cells for several hours in liquid culture followed by concentrating intact cells by gradient sedimentation. Using this procedure, one surviving clonogenic cell could be detected in 10(7) irradiated cells/dish. More than 10 min of irradiation at 773 microV/cm was required to photosensitize the population below detection by this method. The possibility was considered that colonies derived from cells surviving sub-maximal LUV doses represent clones that are resistant to photosensitization, a phenomenon attributed to either inability to take up or metabolize P12, or resistance to the radiation-induced toxicity. Analysis of P12 uptake in the surviving clonal populations showed no significant difference as compared to the parental population. The results suggest that surviving cells reflect a phenotypic heterogeneity caused by variation in the physiological state such as the respective position in the cell cycle and are not genetically resistant mutants. PMID- 3480398 TI - Myelodysplastic relapse of de-novo AML: a heterogeneous entity? PMID- 3480397 TI - Cell differentiation effects of 2'-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl pyrimidines in HL-60 cells. AB - A group of 2'-fluoro and 5-substituted arabinosyl pyrimidines and a group of base substituted pseudoisocytidine analogs were evaluated for their capacity to induce differentiation in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. These compounds were compared to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) by monitoring: (1) inhibition of cell growth; (2) morphological maturation; (3) nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction; (4) expression of a myeloid differentiation antigen, Mo1; and (5) inhibition of colony formation. Exposure of logarithmically growing cells for 5 days to Ara-C, 2'-fluoro-Ara-C (FAC), 2' fluoro-5-methyl-Ara-C (FMAC) and 2'-fluoro-5-ethyl-Ara-C (FEAC) resulted in cell growth inhibition at ED50 concentrations of 0.007, 0.11, 1.7 and 18 microM, and at cytostatic concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 microM, respectively. These compounds induced granulocytic and monocytic maturation, reduction of NBT, increased expression of Mo1 antigen and a decrease or loss of both cell proliferation and colony formation in semisolid medium. There were few, if any, cell differentiation effects for the uracil nucleosides and pseudoisonucleosides tested. We found that Ara-C was the most cytotoxic of the compounds, and that when comparing absolute numbers of differentiated cells, i.e. percent of positive cells multiplied by the number of viable cells, FAC, FMAC and FEAC were superior to Ara-C inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells. PMID- 3480400 TI - Monosomy 7 and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: cytogenetic and molecular aspects. AB - A combination of monosomy 7 and translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11), rarely observed in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), is here reported: a peculiarity of this case was that the "breakpoint cluster region" on chromosome 22 was not rearranged, as demonstrated by molecular analysis, and a new c-abl protein (p190) was found, instead of the usual p210 protein usually associated with the Ph chromosome; moreover a rearrangement of c-abl oncogene was found. The clinical course of this patient was, as expected, unfavorable: a few normal metaphases were observed during a short partial remission. PMID- 3480399 TI - Pharmacokinetics of idarubicin after daily intravenous administration in leukemic patients. AB - We have studied the plasma pharmacokinetics of idarubicin (4-demethoxy daunorubicin) in eight leukemia patients receiving five daily i.v. injections (7 9 mg/m2 per day) of this new anthracycline. For unchanged idarubicin, similar pharmacokinetic parameters were exhibited after the 1st and the 5th injection. Idarubicinol (13-dihydroidarubicin) was identified as the only detectable metabolite of idarubicin in plasma. Due to a protracted half-life (40 h) this compound progressively accumulated in plasma without the occurrence of peaks after the injections. This administration schedule provides therefore an interesting method of dose fractionation of a new anthracycline. PMID- 3480401 TI - Differentiation induction in myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia: use of synergistic drug combinations. AB - DNA synthesis inhibitors and vincristine greatly enhance the response of leukaemic and dysplastic cells to differentiation inducing agents such as retinoic acid (RET). Differentiation induction therapy is an attractive therapeutic approach in myelodysplasia (MDS) and in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the elderly, since it should be possible to increase the production of mature cells, at the expense of precursor cells, without incurring the complications of intensive cytotoxic therapy. Single agent differentiation therapy has, however, not been highly successful. We have therefore investigated the use of synergistic combinations of agents. We treated nine patients (6 with MDS, 3 with AML) with 13 cis-retinoic acid (up to 100 mg/m2/day) in combination with either 6-thioguanine (20-40 mg/day in 14-57 day courses) or with vincristine (1-2 mg as a single injection during a four-day course of RET). Seven patients responded with an increase in the mature cells of at least one haemopoietic lineage. A concomitant decrease in marrow blasts was observed in 3/4 responding patients. The retention of dysplastic and karyotypic abnormalities and lack of a hypoplastic phase all suggested that differentiation induction was occurring in vivo. Prior failure to respond to therapy with single agents (RET in two and cytosine arabinoside in five patients) suggests that the synergy observed in vitro operates in vivo. In vitro studies on marrow cells from seven patients demonstrated synergistic differentiation induction in 6/7 samples. The seventh patient was one of the two who did not respond clinically. The second of these clinically unresponsive patients had cells which were relatively refractory to RET in vitro, suggesting that in-vivo and in-vitro responses may be related. PMID- 3480402 TI - Prognostic significance of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We studied the prognostic value of the enzymes acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) in 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Follow-up data were available for 61 out of 67 cases of non T- non B-ALL, which were treated in different hospitals according to the same protocols. Sex, age, initial white blood cell count (WBC) and number of high risk patients (WBC above 25 X 10(9)/l) were comparable between enzyme-positive and negative cases. The probabilities of complete continuous remission (CCR) were virtually identical in the AP+ and AP- group. For the ANAE+ group the probability of CCR was lower than for the ANAE- group, but this difference was not statistically significant (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05). Within the common-ALL group (n = 32), no difference was found in probability of CCR between the AP+ and AP- group but ANAE+ cases had a significantly lower probability of CCR than ANAE- cases. This study is a contribution to the view that the cytochemical profile of ALL cells may have prognostic value. PMID- 3480404 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells during remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3480403 TI - Glyoxalase activity during differentiation of human leukaemia cells in vitro. AB - The activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II were determined in human promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 and erythroleukaemia K562 cells in culture. The activity of glyoxalase I is ca 10-20 times greater than the activity of glyoxalase II under assay conditions. When HL60 and K562 cell lines were incubated with N-methylformamide and 8-carbamoyl-3-methylimidazo-[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5 tetrazin-4(3H)-one (CCRG 81045), substantial changes in the glyoxalase activities were induced. With HL60 cells, treatment with N-methylformamide and CCRG 81045, both of which induce functional differentiation of this cell line, there is a dose-dependent decrease in glyoxalase I activity and a concomitant dose-dependent increase in glyoxalase II activity, both of which are directly proportional to the number of differentiated cells. With K562 cells, N-methylformamide and CCRG 81045 induce an increase in both glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities, although only CCRG 81045 induces the appearance of haemoglobin producing cells. N Methylformamide and CCRG 81045 do not activate or inhibit the activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II from HL60 and K562 cells when studied in cell-free systems. The changes in the glyoxalase activities of HL60 and K562 cells during the incubations therefore appear to be due to alteration in the synthesis and/or regulatory modification of the glyoxalase enzymes induced by N-methylformamide and CCRG 81045. Despite the apparent disparity of the effect of differentiation on the glyoxalase system in the two cell lines, in both cases the glyoxalase I/glyoxalase II activity ratio decreases with the appearance of differentiated cells. Since glyoxalase II catalyses the rate-determining step in the glyoxalase system, this suggests that immature cells have an impaired capacity to metabolise S-D-lactoylglutathione. PMID- 3480405 TI - Guidelines for physicians testing for HIV antibody. PMID- 3480406 TI - Childhood leukemia: cerebrospinal fluid enolase isoenzymes in central nervous system infiltration. AB - Enolase isoenzymes were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of seven consecutive children with lymphoblastic leukemia who developed meningeal (CNS) leukemia. Assays were performed at the time CNS disease was discovered and during the subsequent 4 weeks. Three of the seven were also examined 1-3 months before CNS relapse was confirmed. Fourteen children on similar systemic therapy without CNS infiltration served as controls. Prior to and at the onset of CNS disease alpha enolase was elevated in all patients studied. The gamma form was raised in only one beforehand and only three at the time of relapse. The alpha isoenzyme was related to the blast cell count and fell during therapy in all but one child, whereas the gamma was not and showed no significant change. The three patients with raised gamma enolase were the only children with other than common lymphoblastic leukemia. There was no clear indication whether either enzyme concentration had any importance in terms of disease outcome, although one child developed a further CNS relapse 10 months later. He was the only patient whose alpha enolase rose following intrathecal methotrexate. Neuronal disruption due to common lymphoblastic leukemia in the CNS appears to be minimal. Other types of leukemia may give rise to more neuronal damage. The alpha isoenzyme, from glial tissue and malignant cells, may be elevated even in the absence of detectable blasts in the cerebrospinal fluid and may be a sensitive marker of CNS infiltration in such circumstances. PMID- 3480408 TI - High-efficiency gene transfer into cells. PMID- 3480407 TI - [Survey of antiviral antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus in a population of 11,174 blood donors]. PMID- 3480409 TI - [Prospective epidemiological study of the caries phenomenon in Lazio]. PMID- 3480410 TI - [Oral manifestations of Stevens-Johnson-type erythema multiforme]. PMID- 3480411 TI - [Delayed eruption, enamel hypoplasia and caries in childhood celiac disease]. PMID- 3480412 TI - [Clinical evaluation of composite restorations on the posterior teeth after 4 years]. PMID- 3480413 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic images of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3480414 TI - [Image deformation in dental radiography: 3 different technics compared]. PMID- 3480415 TI - [Preoperative clinical and radiographic evaluations in implant surgery: biometric analysis]. PMID- 3480416 TI - Immunological aspects of chronic asthma. AB - The demonstration of leucocyte activation in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic asthma together with elevated levels of neutrophil chemotactic activity provides evidence for an underlying inflammatory process in asthma and confirms that bronchial inflammation is an important cause of airways obstruction. Corticosteroids may act through a variety of mechanisms but their anti-inflammatory action is probably mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of phospholipase A2. Corticosteroids suppress leucocyte activation in asthma and this is associated with an improvement in lung function, thus supporting the view that their anti-inflammatory mode of action is of essential importance. However, a small group of chronic asthmatics do not respond to corticosteroids, even when given in large doses and the nature of the cellular defect in these "corticosteroid-resistant" individuals is thought to be the monocyte. The cells of the monocyte/macrophage series may play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma. PMID- 3480418 TI - In-patient treatment of bronchial asthma. AB - Acute Asthmatic attacks result in about one million emergency room visits yearly, with approximately 130,000 hospital admissions. Rational in-hospital approach to evaluation and therapy is reviewed. Management must be aggressive to avoid under treatment. PMID- 3480417 TI - Emergency outpatient treatment of asthma. AB - The therapeutic aims in the treatment of severe asthma are to relieve bronchospasm, mobilize secretions and maintain alveolar ventilation. In emergency situations, adrenergic agonists by aerosol are the drugs of choice because of their speed of onset and potency. Intravenous aminophylline produces much less effect and data are accumulating that suggest that for most patients combined therapy with methylxanthines and sympathomimetics may not produce a greater response over that seen with sympathomimetics alone. Anticholinergics may be useful adjuncts, but their rate of onset is too slow to be used as first time therapy. PMID- 3480419 TI - Status asthmaticus associated with hyperthyroidism. AB - The syndrome of asthma and hyperthyroidism is uncommon and has been reported to occur approximately once every three hundred admissions for asthma. The frequency may be higher with an increased awareness; however, when this syndrome is present, it is usually associated with a very severe form of asthma necessitating frequent emergency treatment and hospitalization. Although severe asthma alone or together with side effects of drugs used in its treatment may mimic many symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism, an awareness of this syndrome will enable one to easily establish the diagnosis. In these cases, the hyperthyroidism may be iodide induced especially in those patients with diffuse or nodule thyroid goiter. Since this form of hyperthyroidism may be self-limiting, initial treatment should include a trial of propylthiouracil or methimazole up to six months. Medical therapy of the hyperthyroid results in dramatic improvement of the asthma. PMID- 3480420 TI - Prevention of status asthmaticus. AB - Most episodes of status asthmaticus represent inadequate assessment of asthma severity and inadequate management. Guidelines are presented to better understand the causes of the acute exacerbation and to improve assessment of pulmonary disability. Therapeutic measures include improved patient education and compliance, early recognition of the impending attack and aggressive use of corticosteroids. PMID- 3480421 TI - [Serum CA125 in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination]. PMID- 3480422 TI - Human and rat liver phenol sulfotransferase: structure-activity relationships for phenolic substrates. AB - Phenol sulfotransferase (PST) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of many phenolic drugs. Human liver contains thermostable (TS) and thermolabile forms of PST. Ion exchange chromatography shows that two isozymes of TS PST (peaks I and II) are present in human liver preparations. Rat liver contains four forms of PST that can be separated by ion exchange chromatography. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was used to study phenolic substrates for both human and rat liver PST. Thirty-six substituted phenols were tested as substrates for partially purified human liver TS PST peak I. QSAR analysis resulted in derivation of the following equation: log 1/Km = 0.92 (+/- 0.18)log P - 1.48 (+/- 0.38)MR'4 - 0.64 (+/- 0.41)MR3 + 1.04 (+/- 0.63)MR2 + 0.67(+/- 0.44) sigma- + 4.03 (+/- 0.42). In this equation Km is the Michaelis constant, P is the octanol water partition coefficient, MR is the molar refractivity of substituents at the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions, and sigma- is the Hammett constant. Values of log 1/Km calculated with this equation were highly correlated with log 1/Km values (r = 0.950) that were observed experimentally. Nine phenols were also tested as substrates for partially purified human liver TS PST peak II. Log 1/Km values for these compounds were significantly correlated for the two isozymes of TS PST (r = 0.992, p less than 0.001). QSAR analysis was also used to derive equations that described the behavior of phenolic substrates for rat liver PST forms I and II. These equations differed substantially from the equation derived for compounds tested with human liver TS PST peak I. Therefore, the characteristics of the active sites of human liver TS PST peak I and rat liver PST forms I and II appear to differ. Application of these equations may make it possible to predict Km values of phenolic substrates for human liver TS PST and for rat liver PST forms I and II. PMID- 3480423 TI - Hashimoto's thyroiditis presenting as a retropharyngeal mass. PMID- 3480424 TI - Intracranial aneurysms for the primary care physician. PMID- 3480425 TI - Fever with a dissecting aorta aneurysm. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3480427 TI - Breast cancer awareness program. Asking men to help fight breast cancer. American Academy of Family Physicians. PMID- 3480426 TI - How to get help from the creatinine clearance and the plasma creatinine concentration. PMID- 3480428 TI - Health care, social justice and the elderly. PMID- 3480429 TI - Rehabilitation. PMID- 3480430 TI - Decant the wine, prune back your long-term hopes. Cationic detergent poisoning. PMID- 3480431 TI - "De facto collusion" in the health insurance industry. Implications for physicians. PMID- 3480433 TI - On care of the elderly in Great Britain. PMID- 3480432 TI - American teens and birth control. Commentary. PMID- 3480434 TI - Arsenic poisoning and seizures. PMID- 3480435 TI - Outreach in Chatham County. PMID- 3480437 TI - Toys. Good, bad, but never indifferent. PMID- 3480436 TI - Carotid cavernous fistula. Closure with detachable silicone rubber balloons. PMID- 3480438 TI - Evolution of 911 in Pitt County. Our story may help your county. PMID- 3480439 TI - AIDS: discrimination and justice. PMID- 3480440 TI - Some thoughts on Medical Review of North Carolina. PMID- 3480442 TI - Conjoint report to the North Carolina Medical Society and the North Carolina Commission for Health Services. PMID- 3480441 TI - Cutaneous infections of the coast. PMID- 3480443 TI - AIDS. Report of the Board of Trustees of the American Medical Association. PMID- 3480444 TI - Rub a dub dub, two bugs in the tub. PMID- 3480445 TI - Physicians and providers. PMID- 3480446 TI - The names and faces of medicine. PMID- 3480448 TI - Performance-based credentialing. What does this new buzzword really mean? PMID- 3480449 TI - Using the objective structured clinical examination at the University of North Carolina Medical School. PMID- 3480447 TI - The open door medical clinic: a community response to the medically indigent. PMID- 3480451 TI - A comment on Fort and Grigg's article (Carbon monoxide poisoning in North Carolina) PMID- 3480450 TI - Internist's lament. PMID- 3480452 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis, different from the usual]. PMID- 3480453 TI - Fusiform aneurysm of basilar artery and ectatic internal carotid arteries associated with glycogenosis type 2 (Pompe's disease). AB - A case of a proven glycogenosis Type 2 (Pompe's disease) with a fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery associated with ectatic internal carotic arteries and multiple intracerebral embolisms is presented. PMID- 3480454 TI - [Evaluation of a new tumor marker (CA 50) in epithelial neoplasms. Preliminary study]. PMID- 3480456 TI - The Health Policy Agenda for the American People: framework for the future. PMID- 3480455 TI - $13,000,000 verdict in New Jersey pediatric suit. PMID- 3480457 TI - Cardiac rupture secondary to isolated midcircumflex artery obstruction. PMID- 3480459 TI - Artificial breathing support systems: preferred nomenclature for medicine and the courts. PMID- 3480458 TI - A view of the proposed New York State regulations governing the professional activities of residents. PMID- 3480461 TI - Myelofibrosis, renal vein thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli. PMID- 3480462 TI - Readership survey of the New York State Journal of Medicine. PMID- 3480460 TI - Incidence of placenta previa and abruptio placentae in New York State. PMID- 3480463 TI - A response to the recommendations of the New York State Commission on Graduate Medical Education concerning teaching in ambulatory care settings. PMID- 3480464 TI - Stillbirth following maternal Lyme disease. PMID- 3480465 TI - Visual loss and deafness associated with meningeal carcinoma. PMID- 3480467 TI - House staff supervision and working hours. PMID- 3480466 TI - Variations in energy expenditure during physical exercise. PMID- 3480468 TI - Minilaparotomy: an approach to postpartum tubal sterilization. PMID- 3480469 TI - Stomatitis as a consequence of intolerance to bovine products. PMID- 3480470 TI - The eye of the storm. PMID- 3480471 TI - Professional and family commitments of women dentists in New Zealand. PMID- 3480473 TI - A dissertation on "Black Monday". PMID- 3480472 TI - The employment, experience, and professional development of first-year New Zealand dental graduates. PMID- 3480475 TI - Periodontal care--an expanding discipline. PMID- 3480474 TI - Guidelines for the use of anesthetic agents which alter the states of consciousness. PMID- 3480476 TI - Stabilization of periodontally involved carious teeth. PMID- 3480477 TI - The key to successful therapy. Periodontics before rehabilitation. PMID- 3480478 TI - Practice defensively! PMID- 3480479 TI - Monitoring and evaluating the quality and appropriateness of dental care. PMID- 3480480 TI - Licensure issues. PMID- 3480481 TI - A calibrator for monitoring maxillary incisor position during orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3480482 TI - Medical information from referral letters. AB - The letters of referral to the hospital with respect to 70 dental patients with medical problems relevant to dental treatment were studied for information about the medical history. The relevant medical history had been documented in fewer than 40% of the referrals. Referrals from medical practitioners more frequently contained relevant histories (57%) than did those from dental practitioners (34%). Some important problems, such as the tendency to bleed and the predisposition to infective endocarditis, were documented in most instances but other problems, such as a history of corticosteroid treatment or of respiratory disease, were often omitted. Dental practitioners should appreciate that their documentation of medical problems is not superfluous since it helps by providing another line of defense against error. PMID- 3480483 TI - Maxillomandibular fixation with minihooks: a clinical evaluation. AB - This article provides the clinical evaluation of a simple but effective method of maxillomandibular fixation that eliminates the morbidity attendant to the conventional methods of maxillomandibular fixation. The indications have been defined on the basis of the clinical experience with this technique. PMID- 3480484 TI - Maxillary plasmacytoma/plasma cell myeloma. PMID- 3480485 TI - The Marcus Gunn phenomenon. Discussion and report of a case. AB - A detailed clinical description of the Marcus Gunn phenomenon is featured. Related ophthalmologic aberrations associated with mandibular movement are briefly discussed. A report of a case of Marcus Gunn phenomenon, which was significant for a paternal history of bilateral cleft lip and palate, is presented. The general and the dental considerations in the management of this disorder are summarized. Protective eye shields are recommended for use during dental procedures. PMID- 3480486 TI - Smokeless tobacco poses potentially significant oral and systemic health hazards. PMID- 3480487 TI - Immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of myoepithelium and modified myoepithelium of the ducts of human major salivary glands: histogenetic implications for salivary gland tumors. AB - The organization of salivary gland ducts, especially the presence or absence of myoepithelial cells, is central to histogenetic approaches to the classification of salivary gland tumors. Striated and excretory ducts are reported to be devoid of myoepithelial cells but do contain basal cells. To investigate the nature of such basal cells, tissue sections of normal human salivary glands were examined by means of immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and fluorescent microscopic techniques. With the use of a mouse monoclonal anticytokeratin antibody (3 12C8 1) that, in salivary glands, is specific for myoepithelial cells, these cells associated with acini and intercalated ducts were strongly stained, as were the basal cells of striated and excretory ducts in each case. Ultrastructurally, some basal cells of both striated and excretory ducts had narrow, elongated cellular processes or the main portion of the cell containing parallel arrays of microfilaments with linear densities and micropinocytotic vesicles, whereas in other basal cells tonofilament bundles predominated. A similar range of cytoplasmic features existed in myoepithelial cells associated with acinar and intercalated duct cells. In addition, some duct basal cells have a complement of actin filaments similar to classic myoepithelium of acini and intercalated ducts. Striated and excretory ducts of human salivary glands, therefore, contain fully differentiated and modified myoepithelial cells, both of which express a specific cytokeratin polypeptide that is absent from duct luminal and acinar cells. Differentiation patterns in the intralobular and interlobular ducts suggest that these regions of salivary gland parenchyma cannot be excluded as histogenetic sites for the induction of salivary gland tumors in which neoplastic myoepithelial cells have been shown to have a major role. PMID- 3480488 TI - Clinical and histologic spectrum of oral hairy leukoplakia. AB - Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a frequent, apparently specific, and early clinical sign of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus. We studied 50 consecutive patients, or whom two had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of diagnosis of HL. AIDS developed in another eight patients during the observation period. All patients had HL on the lateral portion of the tongue, most often evident as bilateral white lesions with a corrugated surface. The size, severity, and surface characteristics of the lesions showed wide variation. Clinically flat lesions, most often located on the ventral surface of the tongue, also occurred in one third of the cases. The dominant histologic features were epithelial hyperparakeratosis with hairlike projections, hyperplasia/acanthosis, vacuolated cells resembling koilocytes, and an absence of inflammation in the connective tissue. In addition, candidal hyphae and bacteria were often seen in or on the surface epithelium. Lesions that were flat clinically often lacked "hairs" histologically. There was no correlation between clinical size, severity, or surface characteristics and the development of AIDS. Similarly, no histologic parameters identified subgroups of patients as being at a higher risk for the development of AIDS. Thus, even the most subtle white lesion of the tongue may indicate a considerable risk for the later development of AIDS. It can be concluded that HL represents a new lesion, predominantly of the tongue, in patients with HIV infection that shows considerable clinical and histologic variation. Typical HL is easily diagnosed, but atypical HL may be diagnosed mostly on the basis of absence of response to antifungal treatment and histologic exclusion of other lesions. PMID- 3480490 TI - Dental erosion secondary to ethanol-induced emesis. AB - Case reports within the dental literature have attributed dental erosion to many factors. Severe dental erosion from chronic vomiting, induced by ethanol abuse, has not been previously documented. This article reports such a history and reviews appropriate intervention by the dental practitioner. PMID- 3480489 TI - The odontogenic keratocyst and its occurrence in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. AB - There are histologic differences between odontogenic keratocysts occurring in the basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) and as single lesions in otherwise healthy persons. This study identifies certain differences in age, gender, and site between the two groups. The age at removal of the first keratocyst is significantly lower in the syndrome group. On more thorough examination, patients with multiple keratocysts (excluding recurrences) are found to have other features of NBCCS. The term multiple cysts refers to the lifetime history of the patient and does not necessarily imply that more than one cyst is present at any one time. PMID- 3480492 TI - An evaluation of xeroradiographs and radiographs in length determination in endodontics. AB - Twelve block sections of mandibles containing incisors, canines, premolars, and molars were dissected from human cadavers (total, 26 teeth). Endodontic access was achieved, and a No. 10 k-type endodontic file was inserted to a point approximately 1 to 2 mm short of the radiographic apex. By securing the mandible and Rinn instrument with plaster mounts, exposures were made from identical angles and film and jaw placement remained constant in both techniques. Conventional film images were recorded on Kodak Ultraspeed film with six to eight impulses. Xeroradiographic images were recorded with four to five impulses. Radiographs and xeroradiographs were evaluated with the use of light from a masked viewbox. A magnifying glass was used to evaluate visualization of the following entities: the root apex; the periodontal ligament; the trabecular pattern; and the measuring instruments. The images were examined and categorized by three examiners, who used the following scores: 3, optimal for diagnostic information; 2, adequate for diagnostic information; 1, poor but providing diagnostic information; and 0, unacceptably poor. In all categories examined, the information provided by xeroradiographs was significantly greater than that provided by conventional radiographs (p less than .05). In terms of diagnostic value and lower patient dose, xeroradiographs are preferred to conventional radiographs. PMID- 3480491 TI - An alternate endodontic approach to periapical pathosis. AB - In this article cases involving periapical radiolucencies, which were treated by orthograde amalgam root canal filling, are described. In the obturation phase, with a good condensation of amalgam, the lateral canals and the apical ramifications could be hermetically sealed. This obturation technique is applicable to both nonsurgical and surgical endodontics, saving time and effort. PMID- 3480493 TI - Interpretation of bitewing radiographs: application of the kappa statistic to determine rater agreements. AB - The interrater agreement of 34 dentists in determining the presence or absence of caries and the depth of caries in bitewing radiographs was studied. The kappa statistic was used to determine rater agreement, and results indicate that there was substantial agreement on the presence or absence of caries and only fair agreement on the specific depth of caries. Because of the degree of disagreement in determination of the extent of caries among examiners, it is recommended that this fact be taken into account in relation to the findings on bitewing radiographs, particularly when there may be differences of opinion between parties. PMID- 3480494 TI - Computed tomography of condylar and articular disk positions within the temporomandibular joint. AB - The computed tomograms of temporomandibular joints in 25 patients (41 joints) were retrospectively evaluated for condylar position and joint space with General Electric computer software. Computed tomography scans of the temporomandibular joint were made in the axial plane with the teeth in centric occlusion, and measurements were made from vertically reformatted images. Interarticular joint spaces were measured anterosuperiorly, superiorly, posterosuperiorly, and posteriorly from the condylar surfaces. This was repeated in five equidistant (3.1 mm) serial sagittal planes across the condyle, beginning and ending, on average, 2.5 mm from the lateral and medial condylar poles. Articular disk positions (anterolateral, anterior, anteromedial, medial, and normal) were correlated with condylar position. Significant differences between disk positions and joint spaces were found most frequently in the anterosuperior and the superior joint interval. When the disk was positioned normally, the anterosuperior joint space was consistent (1.5 to 2.0 mm) across the joint (standard deviation, 0.3 to 0.8 mm). The superior, the posterosuperior, and the posterior joint spaces in the normal joint were greater than the anterosuperior joint space. When the disk was anterior to the condyle, the anterosuperior joint interval was widened. When the disk was medial, the superior joint space was significantly wider than normal across the breadth of the condyle. In those joints in which the disk was anteromedial, there was an absence (0.2 mm) of joint space, and this occurred in all areas of the condyle except in its medial one fourth. In the internally deranged joint, joint space narrowing may be focal in nature. PMID- 3480496 TI - "Pseudo fracture" of mandibular first molar. PMID- 3480495 TI - Intercondylar dimension as a positioning factor for panoramic images of the temporomandibular region. AB - The effect of rotating the patient's head for optimum imaging of the temporomandibular region with the use of a panoramic radiographic machine with a continuous center of rotation (Panex-E) was studied. The result showed that the intercondylar distance influenced the amount of rotation necessary for that optimum image. PMID- 3480497 TI - F.A.B. morphological classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. PMID- 3480498 TI - [Diagnostic grouping of newborn infants with malformations]. PMID- 3480499 TI - Measurement of respiratory mechanics using the Siemens Servo Ventilator 900C. AB - The interrupter technique involves measuring the pressure changes at the airway opening during sudden cessation of flow and has been advocated for monitoring respiratory mechanics in artificially ventilated patients. The Siemens Servo Ventilator 900C has the ability to make airway occlusions without interrupting the patient's respiratory support. This study was performed to determine the suitability of the end-inspiratory occlusion facility of the ventilator for interrupter measurements of respiratory resistance and compliance. Measurements were made in a physical model of the respiratory system consisting of two parallel compartments, whose individual resistances and elastances were independently determined. The accuracy of the resistance measurements made using the ventilator were found to be dependent on the inspiratory flow. With an inspiratory flow of 100 ml/s, the resistance of the system could be measured to within 18% of the true value, and the static compliance could be measured to within 26% of the true value. Much of the error in these determinations was due to the finite closure time of the valve in the ventilator, and to the compliance of the gas in the tubing connecting the ventilator with the model. We conclude that the Siemens Servo Ventilator 900C can be used to conveniently obtain estimates of resistance and compliance in ventilated patients. PMID- 3480500 TI - [Results of control psychological examinations using the Wechsler test in children treated for neoplastic blood diseases]. PMID- 3480501 TI - Longitudinal serologic evaluation of an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3480503 TI - Clinical privileges authorized. PMID- 3480502 TI - Focus on practice: low salary contributes to CHN shortage. PMID- 3480504 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum and hemopathies. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon ulcerative disease of the skin. The cause is unknown but the condition is often associated with other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or monoclonal gammopathy. The association between PG and haematological malignancies (acute leukaemia, Myeloproliferative disorders) is infrequent. Two cases of PG associated with haemopathy are described; one had primary thrombocythaemia and the other, acute myeloblastic leukaemia following for myeloma. The significance of this association is discussed in the light of other observations previously reported in the literature. PMID- 3480505 TI - An approach to the stereoselective synthesis of Sp-dinucleoside phosphorothioates using phosphotriester chemistry. AB - An approach to the stereoselective synthesis of Sp- dinucleoside phosphorothioates has been investigated which utilizes phosphotriester chemistry. The stereoselectivity of internucleotide bond formation between N4-benzoyl-5'-O (4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine-3'-O-(S2-cyano-e thyl) phosphorothioate (3) and 3'-O-acetylthymidine has been studied using either mesitylenesulphonyl-5 (pyridin-2-yl)tetrazole (MSPy) or 1-mesitylenesulphonyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (MSNT) as the activating agent. The removal of the cyanoethyl group from the protected dinucleoside phosphorothioate has been studied, and conditions are reported which provide rapid deprotection without concomittant desulphurisation. PMID- 3480507 TI - Modern phosphotriester synthesis of long oligonucleotides and their use in genetic engineering. AB - Long oligodeoxyribonucleotides synthesized by the modern phosphotriester method, which is based on the use of O-nucleophilic intramolecular catalysis, were applied for the construction of artificial DNAs and directed mutagenesis of some genes. PMID- 3480506 TI - Evidence for a locus activation region: the formation of developmentally stable hypersensitive sites in globin-expressing hybrids. AB - We have analyzed the chromatin structure of the human beta-globin locus in somatic cell hybrids resulting from the fusion of human non-erythroid cells and mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In these hybrids, the human adult beta-globin gene, but neither the embryonic nor fetal globin genes, is activated transcriptionally. In addition, the DNase I-resistant beta-like globin locus characteristic of the parental non-erythroid human cells (1,2) is reorganized over an approximately 80 kb region, including the formation of the developmentally stable hypersensitive sites 50 kb 5' and 20 kg 3' of the activated adult beta-globin gene (2,3). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that events occurring at the 5' and/or 3' developmentally stable hypersensitive sites are important, if not necessary, for the activation of the beta-globin locus. PMID- 3480508 TI - [Effect of treatment of leukemia on blast transformation of leukemia cells in vitro]. PMID- 3480509 TI - [A form of "creeping" involvement of the central nervous system in lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma in children]. PMID- 3480510 TI - Three-dimensional model of the active site of the self-splicing rRNA precursor of Tetrahymena. AB - The rRNA intervening sequence of Tetrahymena is a catalytic RNA molecule, or "ribozyme." A tertiary-structure model of the active site of this ribozyme has been constructed based on comparative sequence analysis of related group I intervening sequences, data on the accessibility of each nucleotide to chemical and enzymatic probes, and principles of RNA folding derived from a consideration of the structure of tRNA determined by x-ray crystallography. In the model, the catalytic center has a two-helix structural framework composed of the base-paired segments of the group I conserved sequence elements. The structural framework supports and orients the conserved nucleotides that are adjacent to the base paired sequence elements; these conserved nucleotides are proposed to form the active site and to bind the 5' splice-site duplex and the guanine nucleotide substrate. Tests of the model are proposed. PMID- 3480511 TI - Complementation of the UV-sensitive phenotype of a xeroderma pigmentosum human cell line by transfection with a cDNA clone library. AB - In previous work, a xeroderma pigmentosum cell line belonging to complementation group C was established by transformation with origin-defective simian virus 40. We now report the complementation of the UV sensitivity of this cell line by gene transfer. A human cDNA clone library constructed in a mammalian expression vector, and itself incorporated in a lambda phage vector, was introduced into the cells as a calcium phosphate precipitate. Following selection to G418 resistance, provided by the neo gene of the vector, transformants were selected for UV resistance. Twenty-one cell clones were obtained with UV-resistance levels typical of normal human fibroblasts. All transformants contained vector DNA sequences in their nuclei. Upon further propagation in the absence of selection for G418 resistance, about half of the primary transformants remained UV resistant. Secondary transformants were generated by transfection with a partial digest of total chromosomal DNA from one of these stable transformants. This resulted in 15 G418-resistant clones, 2 of which exhibited a UV-resistant phenotype. The other primary clones lost UV resistance rapidly when subcultured in the absence of G418. Importantly, several retained UV resistance under G418 selection pressure. The acquisition of UV resistance by secondary transformants derived by transfection of DNA from a stable primary transformant, and the linkage between G418 and UV resistances in the unstable primary transformants, strongly suggests that the transformants acquired UV resistance through DNA mediated gene transfer and not by reversion. PMID- 3480512 TI - Clathrin heavy chain: molecular cloning and complete primary structure. AB - We have deduced the 1675-amino acid sequence of rat clathrin heavy chain from cDNA clones and predict a protein of Mr 191,569. We have established the polarity of the heavy chain and assigned sequence positions to several structural landmarks of the clathrin leg. The terminal domain at the distal end of the clathrin leg is at the amino terminus of the heavy chain. It is connected to the distal segment by a flexible "link" from Tyr-479 to Arg-523. There is an unusual sequence at the carboxyl terminus that may form the globular projection at the vertex of the clathrin trimer. We suggest that a possible site of heavy-chain light-chain interaction is located in the proximal segment. Comparison with other partially sequenced mammalian clathrin heavy chains shows that the primary structure is highly conserved. The heavy chain is unrelated to other classes of structural proteins. PMID- 3480513 TI - Regulation of metallothionein gene expression by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cultured cells and in mice. AB - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3], a hormonally active form of vitamin D3, has been shown to modulate cell differentiation and tumor promotion. This report demonstrates that mRNA of the metallothionein (MT) gene was induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in cultured epidermal keratinocytes and also in liver, kidney, and skin tissues when 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, a synthetic precursor of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, was applied in vivo. Exposure of FRSK cells, a cell line derived from fetal rat skin keratinocytes, to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 at 5 ng/ml (12 nM) increased MT mRNA to almost the same extent as that induced by 10 microM dexamethasone or 1 microM CdCl2. This increase in the level of MT mRNA was evident within 2 hr and was maximal 12-24 hr after the addition of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. The induction was dose-dependent with concentrations of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 from 0.05 to 5.0 ng/ml. Amounts of MT increased with the increase of MT mRNA induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. Of the derivatives of vitamin D3 tested, only 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 caused marked induction. Treatment with cycloheximide did not inhibit MT mRNA induction by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 induced MT mRNA in primary cultures of mouse epidermal keratinocytes but not in IAR-20, a liver cell line. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 had a similar effect in vivo: oral administration of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 to mice resulted in increased levels of MT mRNA in the liver, kidney, and skin 24 hr later. Increase in the level of MT mRNA may be relevant to some biological actions of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 3480514 TI - Mode of substrate carboxyl binding to the [4Fe-4S]+ cluster of reduced aconitase as studied by 17O and 13C electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. AB - The active form of aconitase has a diamagnetic [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster. A specific iron ion (Fea, which is lost during inactivation) is the binding site for substrate, as shown by Mossbauer spectroscopy. We have studied the mode of substrate and analogue binding at equilibrium to the paramagnetic [4Fe-4S]+ cluster of the reduced active form by 17O and 13C electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy with specifically labeled substrates. The data show that with substrate, only the carboxyl at C-2 of the propane backbone is strongly bound in addition to H2O or OH- (HxO) from the solvent, whereas in an isocitrate analogue that has a nitro group at C-2, the carboxyl and hydroxyl at C-1 are bound along with solvent HxO. We conclude from these data that, on addition of any one of the three substrates, cis-aconitate is the predominant species bound to Fea of the cluster along with solvent HxO and that cis-aconitate is bound in the citrate mode (carboxyl at C-2). The results with the nitro analogue show that the enzyme can also bind a substrate-like ligand to the cluster in the alternative isocitrate mode (carboxyl at C-1), as is implicit in models proposed for the aconitase reaction. PMID- 3480515 TI - Identification of a phenotype-specific enhancer in the first intron of the rat collagen II gene. AB - The regulation of the collagen II gene was investigated by transfecting plasmids containing potential regulatory sequences of this gene coupled to the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) into various cells. The 5' flanking region of this gene functioned as a weak promoter when transfected into chicken chondrocytes or fibroblasts. Inclusion of an 800-base fragment from the first intron, however, increased transcription of CAT approximately 18-fold in chicken chondrocytes and in differentiating limb bud cells but not in fibroblasts, myoblasts, muscle-derived fibroblasts, or teratocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, this fragment was active when placed either upstream or downstream of the CAT gene and when present in either orientation. The activity of this enhancer was examined in relation to differentiation by using "micromass" culture of limb bud mesenchyme cells undergoing chondrogenesis. In this system, no response to the enhancer was observed in undifferentiated limb bud mesenchyme cells. Following differentiation into chondrocytes, a 13-fold enhancer effect was observed in these cells. Finally, all-trans-retinoic acid, a known teratogen, dramatically suppressed enhancer activity in chondrocytes and differentiating limb bud mesenchyme cells. These results suggest that the collagen II gene contains an enhancer element in the first intron that is involved in cell-specific expression. PMID- 3480516 TI - Regulatory elements in the first intron contribute to transcriptional control of the human alpha 1(I) collagen gene. AB - Several lines of evidence have suggested that the regulation of type I collagen gene transcription is complex and that important regulatory elements reside 5' to, and within, the first intron of the alpha 1(I) gene. We therefore sequenced a 2.3-kilobase HindIII fragment that encompasses 804 base pairs of 5' flanking sequence, the first exon, and most of the first intron of the alpha 1(I) human collagen gene. A 274-base-pair intronic sequence, flanked by Ava I sites (A274), contained a sequence identical to a high-affinity decanucleotide binding site for transcription factor Sp1 and a viral core enhancer sequence. DNase I protection experiments indicated zones of protection that corresponded to these motifs. When A274 was cloned 5' to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, driven by an alpha 1(I) collagen promoter sequence, and expression was assessed by transfection, significant orientation-specific inhibition of CAT activity was observed. This effect was most apparent in chicken tendon fibroblasts, which modulate their level of collagen synthesis in culture. We propose that normal regulation of alpha 1(I) collagen gene transcription results from an interplay of positive and negative elements present in the promoter region and within the first intron. PMID- 3480517 TI - Isolation and sequencing of the gene encoding delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni: overexpression of the protein. AB - We describe the cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the steroid isomerase (3-oxosteroid delta 5-delta 4-isomerase, EC 5.3.3.1) gene of Pseudomonas testosteroni. A genomic library of P. testosteroni total DNA constructed from partial EcoRI digests ligated to a lambda gtWES vector was probed with a 23-base oligonucleotide mixture [ATGAAC(T)ACC(A,T)CCG(C,A)GAG(A)CAC(T)ATGAC] corresponding to the NH2-terminal sequence of steroid isomerase. Subclones derived from a recombinant phage containing a 5400-base-pair insert were sequenced and found to contain the expected 375-nucleotide open reading frame flanked at both ends by in-frame TGA termination codons. The DNA sequence agreed with the above 125-amino acid sequence except for codons 22, 24, 33, and 38, all of which encoded Asp rather than Asn, and codon 77, which encoded Glu rather than Gln. A 1370-base-pair fragment was inserted into pUC 19 plasmid vector and used to construct a strain of Escherichia coli JM 101 that overexpressed the isomerase gene in the presence of isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Cytosolic extracts of this strain contained a major soluble protein that migrated with the steroid delta-isomerase subunit on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. These cytosolic extracts had 10-50% of the specific activity of crystalline isomerase, depending on the method of preparation. The recombinant enzyme was crystallized in both monoclinic (flat plates) and hexagonal (bipyramids) crystal forms, described previously for the enzyme isolated from P. testosteroni. The kinetic properties of the crystalline recombinant enzyme, including specific activity, Km for 5-androstene-3,17-dione (340 microM), and Ki for the competitive inhibitor 19-nortestosterone (11.9 microM), agreed closely with the values reported for the isolated enzyme. PMID- 3480518 TI - Yellow light emission of Vibrio fischeri strain Y-1: purification and characterization of the energy-accepting yellow fluorescent protein. AB - A strain of luminous bacteria, Vibrio fischeri Y-1, emits yellow light rather than the blue-green emission typical of other luminous bacteria. The yellow emission has been postulated previously to result from energy transfer from an electronically excited species formed in the bacterial luciferase-catalyzed reaction to a secondary emitter protein, termed the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). We report here the purification of YFP to homogeneity without loss of the chromophore. The protein was found to be a homodimer of Mr 22,000 subunits with one weakly bound FMN per subunit. The FMN-protein complex was stabilized by 10% (vol/vol) glycerol in the buffers, allowing purification of the active holo-YFP. The protein migrated as a single spot with an isoelectric point of approximately 6.5 on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gave an N-terminal sequence of Met-Phe-Lys-Gly-Ile-Val-Glu-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ile-Ile-Glu-Lys-Ile. Addition of purified YFP to a reaction in which luciferase was supplied with FMNH2 (reduced FMN) by a NADH:FMN oxidoreductase resulted in a dramatic enhancement in the intensity of bioluminescence and an additional peak in the emission spectrum at about 534 nm. The resulting bimodal bioluminescence emission spectrum had peaks at 484 nm, apparently due to emission from the luciferase-flavin complex, and at 534 nm, corresponding to the fluorescence emission maximum of YFP. This bimodal spectrum closely matched the emission spectrum in vivo. PMID- 3480519 TI - Activation of mouse epidermal tumor ornithine decarboxylase by GTP: evidence for different catalytic forms of the enzyme. AB - In crude extracts of epidermal papillomas induced by an initiation-promotion protocol, ornithine decarboxylase (OrnDCase) activity was increased by the addition of GTP to the enzyme assay. No effect of GTP on the phorbol ester induced enzyme isolated from normal epidermis was observed. Kinetic analyses indicated that the major effect of the nucleotide on the tumor-derived enzyme was to lower the apparent Km for L-ornithine. When papilloma OrnDCase was partially purified by gel-filtration chromatography, two forms of the enzyme were resolved, only one of which was found in an epidermal extract from phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate-treated mice. The enzymatic properties of the two forms of papilloma enzyme were compared. The higher molecular weight form (peak I) was activated by GTP, while the lower molecular weight form (peak II) was not. As expected from the kinetic analyses of the crude papilloma extracts, the apparent Km of peak I enzyme for L-ornithine was very high (1.25 mM) but was much lower in the presence of GTP (0.02 mM). The two forms of papilloma OrnDCase differed in their sensitivities to heat inactivation and the ability of GTP to protect against heat inactivation. The K1/2 for activation of peak I OrnDCase by GTP was 0.1 microM. The activation process was irreversible and did not require Mg2+. When several nucleotides were tested for their ability to activate peak I OrnDCase, only GTP, dGTP, and the nonhydrolyzable derivative GTP[gamma-S] were effective, while GDP, GMP, ATP, and CTP were relatively ineffective. Our results demonstrated the existence of two forms of OrnDCase in epidermal tumor extracts, of which one can be activated by GTP and one cannot. The significance of these findings for the regulation of this enzyme in normal and tumor cells is discussed. PMID- 3480520 TI - Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major that vaccinates against cutaneous leishmaniasis contains an alkylglycerophosphoinositol lipid anchor. AB - The major cell surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania major, a putative parasite receptor for macrophages, is a lipophosphoglycan containing 81.6% (wt/wt) carbohydrate, 17.0% (wt/wt) phosphate, and 1.4% (wt/wt) lipid. It has been purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography and consists of a polydisperse family of molecules with Mr 5000-40,000. It contains galactose, mannose, glucose, arabinose, glucosamine, and inositol in the molar ratio of 51:21:5:6:1:1. The lipophosphoglycan has a complex structure, consisting mainly of tri- and tetrasaccharide units linked by phosphodiester bonds, which are cleaved by HF hydrolysis. The phosphate groups are located on the 6-hydroxyl of both galactose and mannose residues. The lipophosphoglycan is anchored to the parasite surface by a 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol moiety. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the products of nitrous acid deamination, HF hydrolysis, and Staphylococcus aureus phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C treatment. The 24:0 and 26:0 alkyl chains accounted for 93% of the ether-linked fatty acids in the lipid anchor. The results are also consistent with a glycosidic linkage between the inositol and a non-N-acetylated glucosamine residue. The lipophosphoglycan membrane anchor shares limited structural homology with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of several eukaryotic proteins, indicating that this type of membrane anchor is not limited to proteins. Vaccination of mice with the purified L. major lipophosphoglycan in liposomes induced resistance against cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3480521 TI - Differential expression of alternative 5' untranslated regions in mRNAs encoding rat insulin-like growth factor I. AB - Rat insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) cDNAs contain three alternative 5' untranslated sequences (termed class A, B, and C), which are associated with an identical coding region for the mature IGF-I peptide. A solution hybridization/RNase protection assay was used to simultaneously quantitate the relative abundance of IGF-I transcripts with the different 5' untranslated regions. In all the tissues studied, transcripts with the class C 5' untranslated region were most abundant. In contrast, both class A and B transcripts were tissue specific. Class A transcripts were present in moderate abundance in liver; in low abundance in kidney, lung, testes, and stomach; and were undetectable in muscle, heart, and brain; whereas class B transcripts were detected only in liver. These three classes of 5' untranslated region were also regulated independently by growth hormone. In liver, heart, kidney, and lung, growth hormone increased the abundance of class C transcripts 2- to 3-fold. In liver, growth hormone increased the abundance of the class A and B transcripts 6- to 7 fold. In lung and kidney, on the other hand, the abundance of class A transcripts was not affected by growth hormone. Thus, rat IGF-I gene transcripts contain one of three alternative 5' untranslated regions, which are expressed in a tissue specific manner and are differentially regulated by growth hormone. Finally, cDNA probes unique to two of the three 5' untranslated regions hybridized to all three major species of IGF-I mRNA typically seen on RNA blots with a coding region probe. PMID- 3480522 TI - Functional pools of oxidative and glycolytic fibers in human muscle observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during exercise. AB - Quantitative probing of heterogeneous regions in muscle is feasible with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy because of the differentiation of metabolic patterns of glycolytic and oxidative fibers. A differential recruitment of oxidative and glycolytic fibers during exercise was demonstrated in 4 of 10 untrained young men by following changes in phosphate metabolites. Concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine, and ATP were estimated in the wrist flexor muscles of the forearm at rest, during two cycles of three grades of exercise, and in recovery. At high work levels (40% of maximum strength), two distinct Pi peaks were observed and identified with Pi pools at pH 6.9 and pH 5.9 6.4, respectively. These could be accounted for as follows. At the lowest level of work (using 20% of maximum strength), early recruitment primarily of oxidative (type I) and possibly some intermediate (type IIA) muscle fibers occurs with relatively little net lactate production and consequently little decrease in pH. At higher work loads, however, primarily glycolytic (type IIB) muscle fibers are recruited, which have relatively high net lactate production and therefore generate a second pool of Pi at low pH. ATP depletion (35-54%) and Pi losses accompanied the reduction in ability to perform during the first exercise cycle. When the cycle of graded exercise was repeated immediately, the total Pi remained high but gave rise to only one peak at pH 6.8-7.0. These observations indicated exhaustion of glycolytic type IIB fibers, removal of lactate by high local blood flow, and sustained contractions largely by oxidative type I and IIA fibers. A functional differentiation of fiber types could also be demonstrated during recovery if exercise was stopped while two pools of Pi were still apparent. In the first 3 min of recovery, the Pi peak at pH 6.8-6.9 disappeared almost entirely, whereas the Pi peak at pH 6.0 remained unaltered, reflecting the faster recovery of oxidative type I fibers. The potential of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to characterize oxidative and glycolytic fibers, predict capacity for aerobic performance, and signal the presence of muscle pathology is discussed. PMID- 3480523 TI - Artificial combination of two cis-regulatory elements generates a unique pattern of expression in transgenic plants. AB - We show that a 36-base-pair-long upstream fragment from the soybean hsp17.3-B gene comprising two partly overlapping heat-shock element (HSE)-like sequences can confer heat inducibility to a reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. The heat shock response does not display organ specificity and is not affected by light. Insertion of these HSE-like elements into the pea rbcS-3A 5' flanking fragment (position -410 to +15) either at position -410 (5' to the enhancer) or at position -49 (between the enhancer and the "TATA" box) renders the transcript level of the reporter gene light-inducible and organ-specific under heat-shock conditions. These results demonstrate the possibility of generating a unique pattern of expression (e.g., light-dependent and organ-specific heat-shock response) by artificial combination of appropriate cis-acting regulatory elements. Moreover, by using the HSE-like sequences as a weak heat-inducible enhancer in the chimeric regulatory regions we uncover the function of negative elements within the pea rbcS-3A upstream region. These negative elements are responsible for a repressed transcript level in roots as well as in dark-adapted leaves. Therefore, the upstream fragment containing two HSE-like elements can be considered a useful tool to test the function of other cis-acting elements. PMID- 3480524 TI - Twisting of fibrin fibers limits their radial growth. AB - Electron microscopy of freeze-dried, shadowed fibrin fibers has demonstrated that these structures are twisted. The pitch and radius of many fibers were measured from the micrographs. Although there is some variability, the average pitch of 1930 +/- 280 (SD) nm is independent of radius. The distribution of observed radii of fibers assembled in vitro is highly skewed, suggesting that individual fibers grow to a maximum radius of about 50 nm, except when both pH and ionic strength are high; fibers aggregate to form thicker fiber bundles under some conditions. The observed twisting may be responsible for limiting the lateral growth of individual fibers. Protofibrils near the surface of a twisted fiber are stretched relative to those near the center. Consequently, the degree to which a protofibril can be stretched limits the radius of a fiber; protofibrils can be added to a growing fiber until the energy required to stretch an added protofibril exceeds the energy of binding. These properties of assembly arise directly from the intrinsic twist of the fibrinogen molecule determined from structural evidence. Simple geometric considerations lead to conclusions regarding the locations of the binding sites for assembly of the protofibril and the flexibility of the fibrin molecule. PMID- 3480525 TI - Mobilization of T-DNA from Agrobacterium to plant cells involves a protein that binds single-stranded DNA. AB - Crude protein extracts of induced and uninduced octopine wild-type strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as well as several mutants of the virulence loci virA, -B, -G, -C, -D, and -E, were probed with single- and double-stranded synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides of different sequence and length in an electrophoretic retardation assay. Four complexes involving sequence-nonspecific, single-stranded DNA-binding proteins were recognized. One inducible complex is determined by the virE locus, two Ti-plasmid-dependent complexes are constitutively expressed, and a fourth one is controlled by chromosomal genes. The protein-DNA complexes were characterized by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by determination of the length of single-stranded DNA required for their formation. It is hypothesized that the single-stranded-DNA-binding proteins are involved in the production of T-DNA intermediates or have a carrier or protective function during T-DNA transfer. PMID- 3480527 TI - Changes in translational yield regulate tissue-specific expression of beta glucuronidase. AB - The number of beta-glucuronidase (GUS; beta-D-glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.31) molecules per cell varies as much as 12-fold among mouse tissues. To identify the regulatory mechanisms responsible, estimates of the rates of GUS protein synthesis (ks) and degradation (kd) were obtained for six tissues in the B6.PAC-Gusn mouse strain, which carries the N haplotype of the GUS gene. Differences in enzyme levels among tissues were predominantly due to differences in rates of enzyme synthesis; only brain differed significantly in the rate of protein degradation. Typically, tissues contain about 2 molecules of GUS mRNA per cell. Differences in GUS mRNA levels were found among tissues, but these were not sufficient to account for observed differences in ks. This suggests that tissues differ in translational yield, which is defined as the product of the efficiency with which the GUS message is translated and the fraction of newly made polypeptides that are successfully matured into GUS tetramers. Experimental estimates of translational yield confirmed that this is indeed a source of tissue differences in GUS gene regulation. This finding also proved to be true of the B haplotype of the GUS gene. The differential regulation of special-function genes is, in general, effected transcriptionally. In contrast, the differential regulation of several "housekeeping" genes has been reported to arise from changes in mRNA maturation and/or stability. It is now apparent that translational yield, which is an aspect of protein synthesis, can also serve as a differential regulatory mechanism. PMID- 3480526 TI - Identification of a synthetic nonapeptide sequence that inhibits motility in culture of a melanoma subclone that possesses a high metastatic potential. AB - A synthetic nonapeptide fragment of thrombin inhibits the cellular motility in culture of a human melanoma subclone that possesses a high metastatic potential in mice. Concomitant with the loss of ability to translocate in culture, these cells exhibit increases in the average length of actin cables and cellular surface area in contact with the substratum. The spreading activity is observed at a nonapeptide concentration of 1 nM within 1 hr of exposure at 37 degrees C. Pretreatment of cells with this nonapeptide does not block signal transduction through plasma membrane receptors for the following growth or differentiation factors: alpha-melanotropin (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), nerve growth factor, and transforming growth factor type beta. Results of the present study suggest an approach to cancer chemotherapy in which naturally occurring peptides from two functionally orthogonal classes may be used to perform two complementary functions: inhibition of metastasis and induction of differentiation. PMID- 3480528 TI - Periodic mitotic events induced in the absence of DNA replication. AB - We have discovered and report here a means of separating a mitotic "subcycle" from the G1- and S-phase events of the mammalian cell cycle. Time-lapse videomicroscopy of Syrian hamster fibroblast (BHK) cells revealed that caffeine could induce multiple entries into mitosis while cells were blocked in DNA synthesis. As with normal mitoses, the abundance of mitosis-specific phosphoproteins was coupled with the condensation of chromatin. The BHK temperature-sensitive mutant tsBN2 also completed multiple entries into mitosis while arrested during DNA replication and raised to the restrictive temperature. Periodic mitotic events occurred even when BHK cells were exposed to low concentrations of serum or cycloheximide, conditions that prevent the cycling of BHK cells by blocking their entry into S phase. These results suggest that an oscillation governing the activation and inactivation of mitotic factors can be generated in mammalian cells and uncoupled from the G1 and DNA replication events of the normal cell cycle. This system will be useful for examining the molecular nature of mitotic factors. PMID- 3480529 TI - Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. AB - Comparison of plant mitochondrial (mt), chloroplast (cp) and nuclear (n) DNA sequences shows that the silent substitution rate in mtDNA is less than one-third that in cpDNA, which in turn evolves only half as fast as plant nDNA. The slower rate in mtDNA than in cpDNA is probably due to a lower mutation rate. Silent substitution rates in plant and mammalian mtDNAs differ by one or two orders of magnitude, whereas the rates in nDNAs may be similar. In cpDNA, the rate of substitution both at synonymous sites and in noncoding sequences in the inverted repeat is greatly reduced in comparison to single-copy sequences. The rate of cpDNA evolution appears to have slowed in some dicot lineages following the monocot/dicot split, and the slowdown is more conspicuous at nonsynonymous sites than at synonymous sites. PMID- 3480530 TI - Deletions of a DNA sequence in retinoblastomas and mesenchymal tumors: organization of the sequence and its encoded protein. AB - Retinoblastoma is a childhood tumor that can arise because of mutant alleles acquired as somatic or germinal mutations. The mutant allele can be carried in the germ line. The mutations creating these alleles act by inactivating copies of a recessive oncogene located within band q14 of chromosome 13 and termed the RB1 locus. We have reported isolation of a cDNA fragment that recognizes chromosomal sequences possessing many of the attributes of the retinoblastoma gene associated with the RB1 locus. We now report that this segment is additionally the target of somatic mutations in mesenchymal tumors among patients having no apparent predisposition to retinoblastoma and no previous evidence of retinoblastoma. These tumors provide additional evidence that the cloned sequences are representative of a gene that is a frequent target of inactivation during tumorigenesis. Sequence analysis of this cDNA provides little insight into its normal functional role. PMID- 3480531 TI - A conserved domain regulates interactions of the v-fps protein-tyrosine kinase with the host cell. AB - All cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) share a noncatalytic domain, termed SH2, which comprises approximately 100 residues located immediately N terminal to the kinase domain. A linker in the AX9m mutant of Fujinami avian sarcoma virus (FSV) introduces a dipeptide insertion into the SH2 domain of the P130gag-fps PTK, which abolishes its ability to transform Rat-2 cells. However, at 36 degrees C AX9m FSV elicits focus formation and agar colony formation in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) with single hit kinetics. At 41.5 degrees C AX9m FSV is nontransforming for CEF, and the mutant is therefore both host and temperature dependent for transforming activity. Both in vitro and in vivo, the specific kinase activity of AX9m FSV P130gag-fps, measured by autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of exogenous substrates, correlated with transforming activity. The consequences of the AX9m mutation for enzymatic function and transforming activity therefore depend on the cellular environment in which the altered v-fps protein is expressed. We conclude that the SH2 domain directs the interaction of the P130gag-fps catalytic domain with cellular proteins such as substrates for phosphorylation or regulators of kinase activity important for its transforming ability. PMID- 3480533 TI - The specificity of UV-induced mutations at an endogenous locus in mammalian cells. AB - We have used a rapid in vivo recombinational method to clone and completely sequence 34 UV-induced mutants at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Among the mutants recovered, 26 were single base substitutions including 17 G.C----A.T transitions and a single A.T----G.C transition. Three of the 4 possible transversions accounted for the remaining 8 mutations. The G.C----T.A transversion was not recovered. Six tandem double or closely neighboring double-base substitutions, one double mutation consisting of a G.C----T.A transversion and an adjacent frameshift, as well as one single frameshift mutation were also recovered. UV-induced mutation appears to be targeted to dipyrimidine sites with only two exceptions. These include two double mutations where only one of the base substitutions occurred at a dipyrimidine site. The observed specificity of UV-light-induced mutations at the APRT locus is consistent with the argument that G.C----A.T transitions result primarily from the (6-4) pyrimidine pyrimidone lesion. A striking resemblance in the distribution of UV-induced mutants and a collection of 30 spontaneous mutants identified recently in our laboratory was noted. Both share a common strong site of multiple occurrence and a considerable degree of overlap with respect to site specificity. We speculate therefore that DNA context plays a significant role in mutation fixation in mammalian cells. PMID- 3480532 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) U1 small nuclear RNA gene: implications for plant pre-mRNA splicing. AB - We have isolated a U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The haploid bean genome contains only one or a few copies of the U1 snRNA gene. The bean and human U1 snRNA genes are 65% homologous but share no significant similarity in the 5' or 3' flanking regions. The predicted secondary structure of bean U1 snRNA is identical to that of other U1 snRNAs, and the sequences of the single-stranded regions have been highly conserved. Thus, both the sequence of the single-stranded regions and the secondary structure of U1 snRNA appear to be important for its function. The role of U1 snRNA in pre-mRNA splicing is probably similar in plants and animals. PMID- 3480535 TI - Structure and function of anti-DNA autoantibodies derived from a single autoimmune mouse. AB - Four monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies derived from a single autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse were studied. Three of these antibodies showed similarities in DNA binding; the fourth had a much higher specific activity for single-stranded DNA and, in addition, was unique in binding double-stranded DNA and cardiolipin. Complete nucleotide sequences of heavy- and light-chain variable regions demonstrated that all four antibodies are clonally related. The sequences also showed numerous somatic mutations, the distribution of which suggests that positive selection by antigen operated on these clonally related autoantibodies. PMID- 3480534 TI - A human major histocompatibility complex class I gene that encodes a protein with a shortened cytoplasmic segment. AB - We have cloned genomic DNA encoding a non-HLA-A, -B, -C class I gene located within a HindIII-generated restriction fragment of 6.0 kilobase pairs. This gene, designated HLA-6.0, is as homologous to HLA-A and HLA-B as they are to each other. The HLA class I protein encoded by HLA-6.0 is similar in organization to the HLA-A-, -B-, and -C-encoded proteins except that an in-frame termination codon prevents translation of a majority of the cytoplasmic region of the HLA-6.0 polypeptide. Moreover, the promoter region of HLA-6.0 resembles the promoter region of a Qa region gene. These structural features of HLA-6.0 suggest that this non-HLA-A, -B, -C gene is a structural homolog of a murine Qa region class I gene. PMID- 3480537 TI - A model of high-affinity antibody binding to type III group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. AB - We recently reported that the single repeating-unit pentasaccharide of type III group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharide is only weakly reactive with type III GBS antiserum. To further elucidate the relationship between antigen chain length and antigenicity, tritiated oligosaccharides derived from type III capsular polysaccharide were used to generate detailed saturation binding curves with a fixed concentration of rabbit antiserum in a radioactive antigen-binding assay. A graded increase in affinity of antigen-antibody binding was seen as oligosaccharide size increased from 2.6 repeating units to 92 repeating units. These differences in affinity of antibody binding to oligosaccharides of different molecular size were confirmed by immunoprecipitation and competitive ELISA, two independent assays of antigen-antibody binding. Analysis of the saturation binding experiment indicated a difference of 300-fold in antibody binding affinity for the largest versus the smallest tested oligosaccharides. Unexpectedly, the saturation binding values approached by the individual curves were inversely related to oligosaccharide chain length on a molar basis but equivalent on a weight basis. This observation is compatible with a model in which binding of an immunoglobulin molecule to an antigenic site on the polysaccharide facilitates subsequent binding of antibody to that antigen. PMID- 3480536 TI - Induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein. AB - We have studied the ability of rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to induce a protective immune response in animals against lethal challenge with rabies and rabies-related lyssa viruses. Liposomes containing either RNP or the glycoprotein (G protein) of a variant virus with multiple alterations in the G antigenic structure conferred no or poor protection, respectively, against lethal intracerebral challenge with rabies virus. By contrast, liposomes containing RNP and the variant G protein induced a good protective response, comparable to that achieved with inactivated virus vaccine against intracerebral challenge. Moreover, mice or raccoons immunized with RNP alone resisted lethal peripheral challenge with homologous or heterologous virus strains. These results indicate that the RNP of rabies virus plays a crucial role in induction of protective immunity. PMID- 3480538 TI - Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the large subunit of the human lymphocyte activation antigen 4F2. AB - Among the earliest expressed antigens on the surface of activated human lymphocytes is the surface antigen 4F2. We have used DNA-mediated gene transfer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to obtain cell lines that contain the gene encoding the large subunit of the human 4F2 antigen in a mouse L-cell background. Human DNAs cloned from these cell lines were subsequently used as hybridization probes to isolate a full-length cDNA clone expressing 4F2. Sequence analysis of the coding region has revealed an amino acid sequence of 529 residues. Hydrophobicity plotting has predicted a probable structure for the protein that includes an external carboxyl terminus, an internal leader sequence, a single hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and two possible membrane-associated domains. The 4F2 cDNA detects a single 1.8-kilobase mRNA in T-cell and B-cell lines. RNA gel blot analysis of RNA derived from quiescent and serum-stimulated Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts reveals a cell-cycle modulation of 4F2 gene expression: the mRNA is present in quiescent fibroblasts but increases 8-fold 24-36 hr after stimulation, at the time of maximal DNA synthesis. PMID- 3480539 TI - Unexpected binding of an octapeptide to the angiotensin II receptor. AB - An octapeptide, TBI-22 (Lys-Gly-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Ala-Leu), inhibited binding of angiotensin II by a solubilized angiotensin receptor partially purified from rabbit liver. This inhibition appears to result from competition for binding to the same receptor. Radioiodinated TBI-22, like angiotensin II, bound to the solubilized receptor with an affinity such that the binding was inhibited 50% by unlabeled TBI-22 or angiotensin II at nanomolar concentrations. The binding reaction, like that for angiotensin II, required p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and was reversed in the presence of dithiothreitol. TBI-22 and angiotensin II share the sequence Val-Tyr-Ile-His; this tetrapeptide alone, however, did not inhibit binding of angiotensin II. Replacement of the tyrosine residue by aspartic acid in TBI-22 greatly reduced the ability of the peptide to compete with angiotensin II for binding, suggesting an important contribution of this residue to the configuration required for recognition by the receptor. PMID- 3480540 TI - Purification of a human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. AB - Stimulated human monocytes release several proteins thought to play a role in inflammation, including interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and plasminogen activator. We have purified another proinflammatory protein that is chemotactic for human neutrophils from conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. After a series of steps that included anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and HPLC on cation-exchange and reverse-phase columns, an apparently pure protein was obtained that migrated as a single 7-kDa band on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels under reducing or nonreducing conditions. The amino acid composition of this monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor was different from that of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 42 residues was determined. This portion of the molecule has up to 56% sequence similarity with several proteins that may be involved in host responses to infection or tissue injury. It is identical to a portion of a sequence deduced from an mRNA induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin treatment of human leukocytes. At the optimal concentration of 10 nM, 50% of neutrophils added to chemotaxis assay wells migrated toward the pure attractant. Potency and efficacy are comparable to that of fMet-Leu-Phe, which is often used as a reference. In contrast to many attractants, the protein was not chemotactic for human monocytes. PMID- 3480541 TI - Cloning of a cDNA for steroid sulfatase: frequent occurrence of gene deletions in patients with recessive X chromosome-linked ichthyosis. AB - A human steroid sulfatase (steryl-sulfatase; steryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.2) cDNA 2.4 kilobases long was isolated from a human placental lambda gt11 cDNA expression library. The library was screened with monospecific rabbit antibodies elicited by injection of steroid sulfatase protein purified from human placentas. Hybridization of the cDNA with EcoRI-digested genomic DNA indicated that patients from 14 of 15 apparently unrelated families have gross deletions of the gene for steroid sulfatase. One patient had genomic DNA fragments that were identical to those from normal individuals, indicating the absence of any major deletions as the cause of his lack of steroid sulfatase enzyme activity. PMID- 3480542 TI - cDNA cloning and complete sequence of porcine choline acetyltransferase: in vitro translation of the corresponding RNA yields an active protein. AB - A cDNA clone encoding the complete sequence of porcine choline acetyltransferase (ChoAcTase; acetyl-CoA: choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6.) has been identified. A cDNA library, constructed from poly(A)+ RNA of ventral spinal cord, was screened with a mixture of eight oligonucleotides corresponding to the N terminal sequence of pig brain ChoAcTase. Among five positive clones, one, pChAT 1, was identified as a ChoAcTase cDNA clone based on the following criteria. (i) This clone has an open reading frame coding for a protein of the size expected for ChoAcTase (640 amino acids). (ii) The amino acid composition deduced from the nucleotide sequence of this open reading frame matches that of purified porcine ChoAcTase. (iii) When subcloned in the T7 expression system, the corresponding RNA directs the synthesis in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate of a protein that is specifically immunoprecipitated by antibodies raised against ChoAcTase. (iv) Finally and most important, this corresponding RNA, when translated in the reticulocyte lysate, as well as in the Xenopus oocyte system, directs the synthesis of a protein displaying ChoAcTase activity. This activity is inhibited by the specific ChoAcTase inhibitor 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine. Comparison of porcine ChoAcTase sequence with that of Drosophila reveals 32% identity between these proteins, when the sequences are suitably aligned. pChAT-1 probe hybridizes with a porcine mRNA species that is at least 7000 nucleotides long, whereas the equivalent rat mRNA species is 3700 nucleotides long. PMID- 3480543 TI - From behavior to membranes: testosterone-induced changes in action potential duration in electric organs. AB - The electric organ of mormyrid fishes consists of action potential-generating cells called electrocytes, which together produce a pulse-like electric organ discharge (EOD). The appearance of an EOD depends, in part, on the characteristic features of a single electrocyte's action potentials. In some species, gonadal steroid hormones induce increases in EOD duration, which mimic natural sex differences. We now show that testosterone-induced changes in EOD duration are associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the duration of action potentials generated by single electrocytes. Together with other anatomical and biochemical data, the results emphasize the exquisite interrelationship between steroid hormone action and the cellular machinery determining the electrical properties of single cells that underlie sexually dimorphic and seasonal behaviors. PMID- 3480545 TI - [Morphologic manifestations of early and late consequences of inhalation damage from 241Am to dogs]. AB - In experiments on 56 mongrel dogs of both sexes it was shown that the severity of 241Am-induced injury to dogs was manifested by purulent and fibrous pneumonia combined with pneumosclerosis (acute damage), liver cirrhosis and pneumosclerosis (subacute damage), and malignant tumors in the skeleton, lungs, liver, and thyroid gland, and pneumosclerosis (chronic injury). PMID- 3480544 TI - Human neutrophil elastase releases cell surface mucins from primary cultures of hamster tracheal epithelial cells. AB - Primary hamster tracheal epithelial cells growing on a collagen gel matrix produce high molecular weight mucins indistinguishable from mucins produced in vivo. Using a modified version of these confluent cultures, we have demonstrated here that (i) release of mucins can be stimulated by human neutrophil elastase (HNE; EC 3.4.21.37); (ii) HNE can degrade mucins, and both mucin release and degradation by HNE require an active catalytic site; and (iii) there are at least two pools of mucins in these cells: one is a rapidly turning-over spontaneously releasable constitutive pool, the other is a slowly turning-over HNE-releasable pool. We provide evidence that the HNE-releasable mucins are membrane bound and associated with the secretory cell apical surface. PMID- 3480546 TI - Effects of ketoprofen on release of prostaglandin F2 alpha from uterus of rat in perinatal period. AB - The effects of oral administration of ketoprofen, indomethacin, (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), naproxen, flurbiprofen, (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg), and acetylsalicylic acid (10 and 100 mg/kg) on release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) from isolated pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat uterus and on plasma PGF2 alpha' 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels were studied comparatively. The plasma PGF2 alpha level and the rate of release of PGF2 alpha from isolated rat uterus increased progressively from day 18 to 20 of gestation. Ketoprofen, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, naproxen and acetylsalicylic acid reduced the release of PGF2 alpha from the isolated rat uterus and the rise in plasma PGF2 alpha level, and the effects seem to be dose-dependent. A comparative study with intramuscular ketoprofen (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) was also carried out. The inhibitory effect of ketoprofen on uterine PGF2 alpha release with intramuscular route was 15.9 times more profound than that with oral route. The anti-inflammatory drugs tested except acetylsalicylic acid were also found to hinder the drop of plasma progesterone level in the late stage of pregnancy but not affect the plasma 17 beta-estradiol level. These results suggest that reduction of PGF2 alpha release from the uterus induced by treatment with these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might result in the delay of spontaneous delivery. PMID- 3480547 TI - Genetic sequences that predispose to retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. AB - The genetic predisposing factor for childhood retinoblastoma resides on the q14 band of human chromosome 13. However, a postulated second genetic event must take place for the disease to occur, which further research indicates involves inactivation of the remaining functional allele within 13q14. Our isolation of the gene within 13q14, called Rb, required creating a lambda-phage library that contained inserted fragments from human chromosome 13. One of the inserts, H3-8, detected a corresponding 1.8-kb HindIII fragment that was deleted in 2 of 37 retinoblastoma tumor DNAs. This suggested that the probed segment was linked to the Rb gene. A nearby probe, p7H30.7R, detected not only the human sequence but also a mouse homologue in a somatic cell hybrid carrying human chromosome 13. We used the p7H30.7R probe for RNA analysis to detect any transcripts in a retinal cell line. The analysis showed a 4.7-kb transcript in the tumor cell line but not in several retinoblastomas. We also failed to detect a transcript in four retinoblastoma and two osteosarcoma samples using a corresponding cDNA fragment termed p4.7R. We used this probe to analyze the DNA from a large group of retinoblastomas and osteosarcomas and found gross changes in genomic structure in approximately 30% of the tumor DNAs. The boundaries of homozygously deleted fragments were mapped. In the analysis of an osteosarcoma and a retinoblastoma we discovered that the endpoints of the deletions were within the confines of the genetic unit defined by the probe. This indicated that the target of inactivation was the segment under study and not a neighboring DNA sequence. PMID- 3480548 TI - The Pawtucket Heart Health Program: a community and a national asset. PMID- 3480551 TI - Medical faculty teacher. Proceedings from International Conference to 40th anniversary of Medical Faculty of Charles University in Hradec Kralove. 10-12 September 1985. PMID- 3480549 TI - The Pawtucket Heart Health Program: I. An experiment in population-based disease prevention. PMID- 3480550 TI - The Pawtucket Heart Health Program: II. Evaluation strategies. PMID- 3480553 TI - [Self-evaluation of teaching activity at a medical institute]. PMID- 3480552 TI - Medical education and personality of the medical faculty teacher. PMID- 3480554 TI - Some current problems in forming the world outlook in students of medical faculties. PMID- 3480555 TI - [Psychological study using a personal microcomputer]. PMID- 3480556 TI - University teachers as a professional group. PMID- 3480557 TI - On problems in contents and methods of pedagogic and psychological education of university teachers. PMID- 3480558 TI - [Tasks of the working group on higher education methods at the Charite hospital and considerations of their methodologic principles]. PMID- 3480559 TI - Experience obtained from study reorganization at medical faculty in Hradec Kralove. PMID- 3480560 TI - On application of educational methods in practical training in hygiene. PMID- 3480561 TI - Motivation to work on teaching process modernization. PMID- 3480562 TI - Diagrams of logical structure of pathological physiology in pedagogic practice. PMID- 3480563 TI - Optimization of practical training in pathological physiology. PMID- 3480564 TI - Malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. AB - A retrospective study on the incidence of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia was performed covering the period from 1970 to 1980. Carcinoma developed in 11 of the 157 patients, and this 7% incidence increased to 8.9% when the same patients were followed prospectively for 6 more years. Dysplasia was found in biopsies from 51 patients (31.8%), and was significantly more frequent in women than men (P less than 0.05). Dysplasia grade and cancer development were related to updated clinical and etiological parameters. PMID- 3480565 TI - Histologic characteristics of clinically healthy gingiva in adolescents. AB - Gingival biopsies from healthy buccal gingival units in 10 young individuals (12 14 yr) were analyzed morphometrically. The connective tissue was generally characterized by a dense collagenous network, apart from a well defined zone subjacent to the smooth and noninfiltrated junctional epithelium. This zone, which constituted on average 10% of the connective tissue volume, was less dense than the remaining part of the connective tissue and devoid of well defined collagen fiber bundles. This zone could also harbor clusters of inflammatory cells, mainly mononuclear cells, surrounded by non-infiltrated collagen-poor connective tissue. In the noninfiltrated collagen-dense mid-portion of the gingival connective tissue small areas of infiltrates could be found, the composition of which resembled that of the infiltrated areas subjacent to the junctional epithelium. PMID- 3480566 TI - Effect of varying gray-scale resolution for detectability of bone lesions in intraoral radiographs digitized for teletransmission. AB - Visual communication equipments were developed early by radiologists for the transmission of analog signals, whereas today's transmission systems are based on digitization of the radiograph. For teletransmission of dental radiographs, it is essential to assess the diagnostic accuracy of various spatial and gray-scale resolutions. Each of 83 dry mandibles was divided into four regions. By random assignment it was decided for each region whether or not a hole should be drilled. Intraoral radiographs (3 x 4 cm) were performed of each region and interpreted. The radiographs were thereafter recorded by a video camera connected to an IBM-PC. The personal computer held a hardware digitization card defined at a 512 x 512 spatial resolution with the possibility of selecting varying gray scale resolutions. All radiographs were assessed in resolutions with 256 (8 bit), 128 (7 bit), 64 (6 bit), and 32 (5 bit) shades of gray. In no case was the original radiograph more accurate than the 512 x 512 x 8 resolution. In two of the regions evaluated, the images providing 32 shades of gray were less accurate (percentage of true positives and negatives) than the other resolutions (P less than 0.05) while in one region resolutions of 8 bit depth (256 shades of gray) provided a significantly greater accuracy than did the original radiograph and the other image resolutions (P less than 0.05). This was due to fewer false negative scores and was not followed by an increase in false positive scores. It can be concluded that a 512 x 512 spatial resolution is satisfactory for the detection of bone lesions in digitized intraoral radiographs and that 64 shades of gray provide an equally good diagnostic accuracy as do the original radiograph. This might be relevant when transmission times are of importance. PMID- 3480568 TI - Computed tomography of the normal temporomandibular joint. AB - A study was made in two parts, retrospective (I) and prospective (II), on two samples of 36 and 17 individuals, respectively, who had temporal bone CT studies for reasons unrelated to TMJ pain and dysfunction. Groups I and II had no radiographic signs of TMJ disease and Group II had neither radiographic nor clinical signs of TMJ disease. Both groups were considered to have normal joints. Joint morphometrics for the two groups (I/II) were as follows; transverse condylar dimensions were 18.5/18.1 mm. Condylar angulation averaged 24 degrees/25 degrees and intercondylar distance averaged 83/83 mm while extra condylar distance averaged 118/118 mm. The condyle in the sagittal plane showed a smooth and rounded form with anterior-superior joint space averaging 1.9/1.7 mm while the central-superior joint space averaged 2.3/2.2 mm. The medial-horizontal joint space averaged 3.9/3.7 mm. The slope of the central portion of the articular eminence averaged 60 degrees/60 degrees in the sagittal plane. PMID- 3480567 TI - Intra-articular and skin surface temperature of human temporomandibular joint. AB - Ten subjects, five women and five men, without symptoms or signs of disorder in the stomatognathic system were examined for intra-articular and skin surface temperature of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The temperature measurements were made with thermocouples at three depths within the joint (10, 15, 20 mm) and at five locations on the skin surface over the joint. The intra-articular mean temperature was 36.0 degrees C at 10 mm, 36.1 degrees at 15 and 36.3 degrees at 20 mm. The average difference in intra-articular temperature between the right and left sides was 0.2 degrees C. The intra-articular temperature was not correlated to room temperature. The average skin surface temperature over the center of the condyle was 35.1 degrees C and the difference between skin surface temperature over the condyle and intra-articular temperature at 20 mm was 1.2 degrees C. The average difference between the right and left sides for skin surface temperature was 0.3 degrees C. The intra-articular temperature showed a negative correlation to the skin surface temperature (r = -0.54). The results of this study show that the intra-articular temperature range of the TMJ is rather narrow, about 1.2 degrees C (35.7-36.9 degrees C) and that the difference between sides is less than 0.6 degrees C. PMID- 3480569 TI - Oral health education in Finnish schools. AB - The public system of oral health care in Finland, as in the other Nordic countries, is responsible for arranging oral health education for school classes. In this study the coverage and the personnel implementing these lessons in Finnish schools were assessed. A questionnaire was sent to all health centers (n = 214). The response rate was 87%. A total of over 23,000 oral health lessons were arranged in schools during the year studied. Coverage was high in primary schools, lower in secondary schools and lower still in high schools. The main implementers of the lessons were dental assistants. The conclusions of the study were: 1) coverage of teenagers should be increased, 2) the role of dental hygienists and dentists in implementing the program should be greater, and 3) oral health personnel and teachers should cooperate more actively. PMID- 3480570 TI - Abstracts: First International Waaler Conference on Rheumatoid Factors. Bergen, Norway, 10-13 December 1987. PMID- 3480571 TI - [Epidemiological research on the etiological factors of dysfunctional diseases in the stomatognathic system]. PMID- 3480572 TI - [Symptoms of functional disorders in the masticatory system--an epidemiological study]. PMID- 3480573 TI - [Malocclusions in Swiss recruits in 1985]. PMID- 3480574 TI - [Are Swiss recruits aware of their malocclusions?]. PMID- 3480575 TI - [The ZGZ training simulator. A new step in the field of practical dental continuing education. Zahnarzte-Gesellschaft des Kantons Zurich]. PMID- 3480576 TI - [Revision of the health insurance law: something for everybody]. PMID- 3480577 TI - [Simulator--continuing education--a world innovation]. PMID- 3480579 TI - Circadian renal excretory rhythm in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. PMID- 3480578 TI - [Gene technology and veterinary medicine. I. General principles and examples of practical application]. PMID- 3480580 TI - Elder abuse in South Dakota: Part 2: What can we do about it? PMID- 3480581 TI - Trends in the education and utilization of nurses in South Dakota. PMID- 3480582 TI - Sexuality: an ageless quality. PMID- 3480583 TI - Acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3480584 TI - Case report 446. Multicentric, metachronous, low-grade, sclerosing osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 3480585 TI - Case report 447. Parosteal osteosarcoma left 12th rib. PMID- 3480586 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy in South Africa. Prevention by molecular techniques. AB - The availability of DNA markers closely linked to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene locus has facilitated carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of this condition. More than 50 affected South African kindreds are being studied using DNA probes within and flanking the DMD region of the X chromosome in order to ascertain the nature of the molecular defects in affected males and to investigate the feasibility of genetic management by means of these techniques. The results of this study and the implications of this new molecular technology for DMD patients in South Africa are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 3480587 TI - [Advances in angiology, Vienna 1987. 6th joint annual session of the Angiology Societies of West Germany, Switzerland and Austria. 11-14 October 1987]. PMID- 3480588 TI - [Reference range of capillary geometric values in apparently healthy probands between 6 and 65 years of age]. PMID- 3480589 TI - [Mapping the capillary density of hands and feet in healthy probands]. PMID- 3480590 TI - [Capillary microscopy findings in chronic polyarthritis and endangiitis obliterans]. PMID- 3480591 TI - [Lung embolism and anticoagulation in early mobilized thrombosis patients- preliminary results]. PMID- 3480592 TI - [Long-term results following surgical therapy of leg-pelvic venous thrombosis]. PMID- 3480593 TI - [Operation, lysis, heparin therapy: 3 equally valid forms of therapy in acute leg pelvic venous thrombosis]. PMID- 3480595 TI - [Metabolic effects of prostaglandin El on human skeletal muscle]. PMID- 3480596 TI - [Modification of collateral arteries by intra-arterial prostaglandin El infusion]. PMID- 3480594 TI - [Experiences with streptokinase and urokinase therapy of different dosages in deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 3480597 TI - [Does anticoagulant treatment modify patient survival following femoropopliteocrural venous bypass operations?]. PMID- 3480598 TI - [F-dimers in the diagnosis and therapy of deep leg venous thrombosis]. PMID- 3480599 TI - [Incidence of malignant disease in acute phlebothrombosis]. PMID- 3480600 TI - [New pathophysiologic concepts on the mode of origin of vasculitis: angiitis as a sequela of the Fahraeus-Vejlens effect indicated by increased erythrocyte aggregation]. PMID- 3480601 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis: new aspects of diagnosis, course and therapy]. PMID- 3480602 TI - [Laser angioplasty: experimental principles]. PMID- 3480604 TI - [Significance of arteriosclerosis for the prognosis of aged cancer patients]. PMID- 3480603 TI - [Pulmonary changes in patients with "primary" and "secondary" Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 3480605 TI - [Morphogenesis of arteriosclerosis: progression and regression]. PMID- 3480606 TI - [Experimental atherogenesis and its inhibition]. PMID- 3480607 TI - [Lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis--experimental principles]. PMID- 3480608 TI - [Antiaggregation versus anticoagulation in femoropopliteocrural venous bypass]. PMID- 3480609 TI - [Morphology and biochemical parameters of the regression of carotid artery lesions]. PMID- 3480610 TI - [Late sequelae of pelvic-leg venous thrombosis--experiences in Basel]. PMID- 3480611 TI - Temporomandibular joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical study. AB - The aims of this thesis were to investigate individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respect to the frequency and character of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, the relationship between TMJ involvement and general joint disease, the possibility to detect pathologic conditions in the TMJ region with skin surface temperature, and treatment effect of physical training on TMJ disorder. TMJ disorder was more frequent and more severe in RA than among normal subjects. The TMJ symptoms started frequently in the early phase of RA and were correlated to the extension of the general joint symptoms. Anterior open bite occurs in a small subgroup of RA individuals and was associated with severe TMJ disorder and high values of ESR. High concentration of serum acute-phase reactants and high values of rheumatologic indices were associated with severe TMJ involvement in RA. Skin surface temperature over the TMJ and the masseter muscle was generally low in individuals with RA compared with normal subjects. TMJ disorder was related to the overlying skin surface temperature. The low temperature over the TMJ and the masseter muscle is probably caused by disuse atrophy and an ensuing decrease in muscular blood flow. Short-term results of physical training for the stomatognathic system improved the mandibular mobility and reduced the clinical dysfunction in RA. PMID- 3480612 TI - Morphologic, radiologic and thermometric assessment of degenerative and inflammatory temporomandibular joint disease. An autopsy and clinical study. AB - TMJ autopsy specimens were examined with tomography. The joint surfaces were examined for structural changes. The radiologic methods was evaluated for ability of detecting these changes. A microscopic examination was performed concerning form and position of the disc, and histological features of radiologic cysts, erosion and sclerosis. Symptom-free individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined thermometrically. The patients were also examined radiologically. The sensitivity of tomography increased with severity and extent of the structural changes and was higher for changes localized to the condyle than the temporal component. In areas with radiologic cyst, erosion and sclerosis there were macroscopic lesions in the condyle, while the temporal component more often was intact. Macroscopic structural changes were correlated between right and left TM joints. Anterior disc position was associated with perforation of the posterior attachment of the disc. Severity of radiologic changes in individuals with RA is correlated to duration and severity of subjective symptoms and clinical signs from the joint. The intra-articular temperature range in RA patients is greater than in symptom-free individuals. Pain and tenderness of the TMJ and masticatory muscles are thereby associated with hypothermia of the TMJ. PMID- 3480613 TI - Impacted maxillary canines--a study of surgically treated patients over 20 years of age. AB - The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is about 1-3 per cent. They comprise therefore, an essential part of the oral surgeon's work. There are very few published surveys of oral surgery case material, particularly in adults, in which preoperative condition, treatment and postoperative sequelae are considered. Therefore the author has reported a material of 100 impacted maxillary canines in patients over 20 years of age, surgically treated during 1980-85 at the Department of Oral Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. Records and radiographs have been studied and parameters such as preoperative pathologic findings, position of the impacted teeth, indications for treatment, kind of treatment and postoperative consequences have been investigated. PMID- 3480614 TI - Is E-speed dental film more sensitive to storage than D-speed dental film? AB - Two types of films with different speed, D-speed (Kodak Ultraspeed) and E-speed (Kodak Ektaspeed), were compared regarding film fogging under different storage conditions. The films were stored during one year at room temperature (+21 degrees C) without shielding, with 3 mm lead or with 200 mm iron shielding and in a refrigerator (+8 degrees C) without shielding. The films were processed in a standardised way and the film fog measured densitometrically each month. The film fog increased insignificantly with time for both film types under all storage conditions except in the refrigerator, where it reached unacceptably high levels and the faster film type (Kodak Ektaspeed) became unusable after 4 months storage in the refrigerator. PMID- 3480615 TI - Effect of inactivated salivary lysozyme on L(+)-lactic acid production in saliva and in cultures of Streptococcus mutans BHT. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial contribution of human lysozyme in saliva. In one series of experiments, L(+)-lactic acid (LA) production in exponential phase cultures of Streptococcus mutans BHT treated with lysozyme-deficient salivary supernatant was determined. In other experiments, LA concentration was measured in whole saliva samples from 22 school-children where the lysozyme activity had been inhibited by the addition of goat antiserum to human lysozyme (GAsL). LA production in both S. mutants cultures and saliva samples was stimulated by D-glucose addition. The results indicated a time dependent increase (approximately 30%) in LA production in lysozyme-deficient reaction-mixtures compared to untreated controls. The mean LA concentration in lysozyme-inactivated whole saliva samples was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) compared to untreated saliva. However, in 4 out of 22 children the GAsL treatment did not affect LA production. The individual differences could not be related to salivary secretion rate, lysozyme activity or the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli in saliva. The findings of this study suggest a protective role for lysozyme in limiting acid production in saliva, but individual differences exist. PMID- 3480617 TI - [Fibromyalgia--a new disease?]. PMID- 3480616 TI - Agar impression materials, dimensional stability and surface detail sharpness following treatment with disinfectant solutions. AB - The influence of seven dissimilar disinfectants on the dimensional stability and the surface detail sharpness of two agar impression materials was studied. Two methods for treatment with disinfectant solutions were tested--immersion for 1 hour and spraying. In contrast to immersion the spraying method had no obvious influence on the agar material. It is concluded that if the disinfection method necessitates immersion of the impression in a solution for 1 hour or more the use of agar impression materials should be avoided. PMID- 3480618 TI - [Patients with fibrositis--or chronic overstrain in women?]. PMID- 3480619 TI - [Examination of patients with fibrositis syndrome]. PMID- 3480620 TI - [Infrared spectra of the dentin of normal human teeth and in pathology]. PMID- 3480621 TI - [Characteristics of the expression of the Schiller-Pisarev test in smokers in relation to elevated thiocyanate levels in the saliva]. PMID- 3480622 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the structural organization of muscle tissue in unilateral hypertrophy of the masticatory muscle]. PMID- 3480623 TI - [Corrosion resistance of dental alloys]. PMID- 3480624 TI - [Characteristics of the anatomical form of the neck portion of the tooth crown and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3480625 TI - [A method of treating pulpitis by using low-frequency ultrasound and an autogenous dentin conglomerate]. PMID- 3480627 TI - [Effect of the degree of curvature of molar root canals on the quality of their instrumental treatment]. PMID- 3480626 TI - [Experience with the use of endodontic anesthesia in treating pulpitis]. PMID- 3480629 TI - [Bioenergetic criteria in correcting emotional stress in patients undergoing outpatient dental operations]. PMID- 3480628 TI - [Analgesia for dental interventions in ischemic heart disease patients with intolerance to local anesthetic preparations]. PMID- 3480630 TI - [Computer evaluation of tomograms of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3480631 TI - [Topographic anatomical study of the muscle structures of the palatopharyngeal area]. PMID- 3480632 TI - [The Great October Revolution and the health protection of the people]. PMID- 3480633 TI - [Treatment of patients with phlegmon of the maxillofacial area using a levomecol ointment]. PMID- 3480634 TI - [Experience with modified tooth replantation and preservation of the round ligament]. PMID- 3480635 TI - [Immediate and late results of the use of cermet dentures by patients with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3480637 TI - [Clinico-functional state of periodontal tissue in children at various ages]. PMID- 3480636 TI - [Importance of the selective grinding of the teeth in the combined treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3480638 TI - [Treatment of children with pulpitis of the deciduous teeth and the activity of the carious process]. PMID- 3480639 TI - [Elimination of palatopharyngeal insufficiency in conservative variants of uranoplasty]. PMID- 3480640 TI - [Manifestation of immune thrombocytopenia in the oral mucosa after administration of tetanus antiserum]. PMID- 3480641 TI - [Frequency and characteristics of emergency care services for middle-aged and elderly persons with maxillofacial injuries]. PMID- 3480642 TI - [Age-related dynamics of the interrelation of the shape of the masticatory apparatus and the caries involvement of the teeth]. PMID- 3480644 TI - [An instrument for vestibuloplasty]. PMID- 3480643 TI - [A case of syngnathia combined with congenital developmental defects]. PMID- 3480645 TI - [A drug method of managing the heightened retching reflex]. PMID- 3480646 TI - [A method for cleansing suppurative wounds with parotid saliva in the combined treatment of odontogenic phlegmon]. PMID- 3480648 TI - [A set of endodontic instruments]. PMID- 3480647 TI - [Performing anesthesia in the maxillofacial area in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 3480649 TI - [Enamel permeability in different manifestations of dental fluorosis]. PMID- 3480650 TI - [Prevalence and intensity of dental caries and periodontal diseases among schoolchildren of various regions of the USSR]. PMID- 3480652 TI - Comparative fertility in buffaloes with observed and timed insemination using two routes of PGF2 alpha administration. PMID- 3480653 TI - Athletic menstrual disorders. PMID- 3480651 TI - [Intracellular regulators in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract]. PMID- 3480654 TI - High risk of death and injury in rural West Virginia highway accidents. PMID- 3480656 TI - Quality assurance. PMID- 3480655 TI - [Diagnosis of the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer with the tumor marker CA 125]. AB - Aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of serum CA 125 levels in our ovarian cancer follow-up programme for earlier detection of recurrent or progressive disease. 43 out of 133 patients developed tumour progression, whereby 42 (97.7%) showed positive serum CA 125 levels and in 25 patients (58.2%) the increase in tumour marker preceded the first clinical signs by 4 to 36 weeks. The mean lead time was 14.2 weeks. Hence, determination of serum CA 125 should be mandatory in the follow-up investigation of women with epithelial ovarian carcinomas. PMID- 3480657 TI - [Acute leukemia with specific lesions of the skin]. PMID- 3480658 TI - Health planning and management. PMID- 3480659 TI - School health services: a review of the program in the National Capital District. PMID- 3480660 TI - Smoking habits in a rural community in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea in 1970 and 1984. PMID- 3480661 TI - Malaria, splenomegaly and filariasis in the Ok Tedi area of the Star Mountains, Papua New Guinea, three years after residual DDT spraying. PMID- 3480663 TI - Barotraumatic facial nerve palsy in a Melanesian diver. PMID- 3480662 TI - Primary immunization status of children attending the Port Moresby General Hospital. PMID- 3480665 TI - Urine retention with overflow. PMID- 3480664 TI - Simpler treatment of the fractured ulna. PMID- 3480666 TI - Simultaneous phenotyping of genetic markers for paternity testing. AB - Time-and cost-saving methods for paternity testing are described. Seventeen genetic systems were divided into six groups: (1) transferrin (Tf), factor B (Bf), and phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1); (2) group-specific component (Gc) or alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) and alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (HSGA); (3) complement components C6 and C7, factor 13B (F13B), and plasminogen (PLG); (4) haptoglobin (Hp), C8 alpha-gamma chain (C81), and factor I (IF); (5) red cell acid phosphatase (ACP), esterase D (ESD), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT); and (6) 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) and glyoxalase I (GLO). Each group of systems was typed simultaneously by electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by staining or immunoblotting. These methods are very practical because they afford a considerable saving of time, work and expense, and facilitate semipermanent preservation of electrophoretic patterns. PMID- 3480668 TI - The combined use of CA 19-9 and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3480667 TI - [Accessory symptomatology and therapy of Gilles de la Tourette's disease]. AB - Eight patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome were examined. They had typical multiple tics and accessory disturbances--impulsive and reactive symptoms. The authors described the classification of accessory symptoms and the therapeutic approaches. PMID- 3480669 TI - [CA 19-9 in neoplasms. Comparison with CEA]. PMID- 3480670 TI - [CA 19-9 and CA 125 in hepatobiliary pathology]. PMID- 3480672 TI - [The contribution of CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 3480671 TI - [Prognostic value of tumor markers in cases of colorectal cancer: CEA and CA 19 9]. PMID- 3480673 TI - [The effect of supernatant from a murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line (WEHI 3) on bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony formation--ultrogel AcA44 gel filtration]. PMID- 3480674 TI - [Activation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in vitro liquid culture: transferrin as a NAP-activating factor]. PMID- 3480675 TI - [On behalf of the Austrian Cardiology Society we are publishing recommendations for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Issued by the Commission for Clinical Cardiology of the German Society of Cardiovascular Research]. PMID- 3480677 TI - Cervical priming and labor induction with vaginal application of 3 mg PGE2 in suppositories in term pregnant women with premature rupture of amniotic membranes and unfavorable cervix. AB - Sixty-one term pregnant women, 29 nulliparous (Group A) and 32 multiparous (Group B) with unfavorable cervix and premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) were given 3 mg PGE2 in suppository form for cervical ripening and labor induction. Five hours after starting the treatment, 12 women of the 29 in Group A and 21 of the 31 in Group B had a favorable cervix and established labor. The remaining 17 nulliparae and 11 multiparae still had an unfavorable cervix and were then given another PGE2 suppository. Until the next morning, i.e. within 24 h, 19 nulliparous and 22 multiparous women gave birth whereas a further 5 nulliparous women who now had favorable cervix but no uterine contractions were delivered after stimulation with intravenous oxytocin. The remaining undelivered women were given another PGE2 suppository. With or without additional oxytocin stimulation, all but 2 multiparous women could be delivered within a further 12 hours. The total number of instrumental deliveries in Group A was 2 caesarean sections due to disproportion (7%) and 5 ventouses. In Group B, 3 caesarean sections (9%) had to be carried out, one due to fetal distress and 2 due to failed induction. From the results of this study we conclude that vaginal application of 3 mg PGE2 in suppository form can be used to induce labor in patients with PROM and unripe cervix. However, when the results are compared with those obtained in previous studies after application of PGE2 in gel, the latter technique seems preferable. PMID- 3480676 TI - Contraction and relaxation of human uterine and placental smooth muscle. Endogenous control and calcium activation mechanisms. PMID- 3480678 TI - Prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Consensus is still lacking as regards which surgical procedures carry a low risk of local recurrence in soft tissue sarcoma. A series of 81 patients with Grades I IV soft tissue sarcomas of the locomotor system, with a minimum follow-up time of 6 years, was studied with respect to local recurrence. All the patients were operated on with wide surgical margins without adjunctive therapy. A subclassification of these margins was performed. A wide F margin, obtained by myectomy of one or several muscles, but not of the total compartment, was found to be a safe procedure, giving a local recurrence rate of less than 0.1. This applied when surgery was performed without a preceding open biopsy. For subcutaneous tumors a wide S margin, including the deep fascia, also resulted in a small local recurrence rate, even if performed after incisional biopsy or marginal surgery. More than one half of all patients with soft tissue sarcoma in the locomotor system have tumors suitable for surgical treatment with a wide F or a wide S margin for a low local recurrence risk. A wide margin where the surgical dissection had transgressed the muscle where the tumor was located or areolar tissue in cases of extramuscular tumor (wide AM margin) was found to result in a higher local recurrence rate, around 0.25. There is no generally accepted staging system for soft tissue sarcomas. Those systems in most common use were not constructed after statistical multivariate analysis, whereby the strongest prognostic factors may be identified. The staging system of the American Joint Committee (AJC), the system of Hajdu, and the Surgical Staging System (SSS) were evaluated with respect to their ability to discriminate patients with different chances for survival in a series of 122 patients operated on with wide or radical surgical margins. None of the three systems could identify patient-groups with a significantly different prognosis better than that, that could simply be done by the histologic malignancy grading of the tumors. A multivariate analysis of variables thought to be of prognostic significance for local recurrence and survival was performed in a series of 144 patients with Grades III and IV soft tissue sarcomas. Marginal surgery, extracompartmental tumor location, and tumor necrosis increased the risk of local recurrence. Local recurrence, male sex, malignancy grade IV, tumor necrosis, and increasing tumor size increased the risk of tumor-related death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3480679 TI - Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of middle ear effusions. AB - The intention of this study was to gain insight into the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and course of middle ear effusions by means of an animal experiment. Simultaneously the clinical relevance of an electro-acoustical, non invasive diagnostic procedure should be evaluated. Furthermore a method which permits prognostic statements had to be established using viscosimetry, in order to plan therapy for this most common childhood disease. The questions asked initially can be answered along the following lines: 1. The pathogenesis of middle ear effusions caused by a tubal dysfunction is submitted to a staged course. The Initial Stage is based on the condition of negative pressure. It presents with the onset of an inflammatory process including the forming of an inflammatory edema in the lamina propria with capillary proliferation, vascular dilatation and infiltrating round cells. An epithelial-mesenchymal interaction induces hyperplasia and differentiation of epithelial cells. An exudate of low viscosity develops inside the tympanum. In the course of the Secretory Stage, between the 30th and 80th day, an actively secreting respiratory epithelium is formed out of metaplasia. The viscosity of the mucus produced thereby increases by an exponential function between the 30th and 80th day, with statistic significance. The pathological process comes to a halt after the 80th day. The Steady State of chronic mucoid otitis media is found. The effusion's viscosity has increased extremely, due to active absorption of the middle ear mucosa. Toxic impairment of the secreting epithelium causes arrest of the mucociliary transport mechanism. A partial recovery with adhesive alterations results. 2. The alterations in the lamina mucosa found in the initial and secretory stage are reversible, once a regular tubal function is restored. 3. The osseous appositions, brought about by each relapse, are only partially reversible and lead to a reduction in pneumatized cavities. 4. Scheduled tympanometry; i.e. measuring impedance, is directly correlated with the acute pathophysiological condition and its course. Thus it permits statements concerning the progress and prognosis of the disorder. 5. The method of viscosimetry developed proved to be successful in determining the stage of the dynamic pathological process of middle ear effusion. 6. Presupposing the transferability of animal experimental findings to human conditions, a clinical conclusion can be drawn from our evaluations. An effusion resisting conservative therapy should be treated surgically by insertion of a ventilation tube after 3 months at the latest. PMID- 3480681 TI - Impulse noise of different durations. AB - This paper describes a comparison between auditory threshold elevations and morphological cochlear changes evaluated with scanning electron microscopy in order to identify cochlear defects in guinea pigs exposed to impulse noise of varying durations. There was a significant difference in the auditory threshold shifts between animals exposed for 3 and 12 hours. Hair cell loss is generally used as a morphological correlate to noise-induced hearing loss. Minor stereocilia changes, quantified with non-standard statistical methods have been used as a complement. Morphologically, it was not possible to separate cochleas exposed to impulse noise for 3 and 12 hours when only lost hair cells were evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of subtle morphological changes are valuable in the correlation of noise-induced hearing loss with morphologic changes. PMID- 3480680 TI - Effects on the inner and outer hair cells. AB - Scanning electron microscopy has improved the quality of the information obtained on morphological changes in the organ of Corti caused by noise exposure and the development of non-standard statistical methods has made accurate quantitative evaluation of these morphological changes possible. Many different types of hair cell damage were observed in noise-exposed cochleas, and the changes found in the inner and outer hair cells were found to differ considerably. Both analysis of impulse noise and continuous noise gave different results when applied to the inner hair cells as compared to when applied to the outer hair cells. However, of the outer hair cell rows the outermost was most frequently damaged by both impulse noise and continuous noise. The results of this investigation support previous suggestions that the inner and outer hair cell rows should be evaluated separately in experimental research. PMID- 3480682 TI - Impulse noise and continuous noise of equivalent frequency spectrum and total sound energy. AB - It has been proposed that impulse noise and continuous noise affect the inner ear differently and investigations have found impulse noise to be harmful to both the inner hair cells and the outer hair cells. Scanning electron microscopy and non standard methods for statistical analysis have facilitated the evaluation of different types of morphological changes after exposure to various kinds of noise. Morphological differences were compared in groups of guinea pigs exposed to either impulse noise or continuous noise of equivalent duration, spectral content and energy. Functionally, the groups also showed similar threshold elevations. In order to separate the two groups, subtle hair cell changes were recorded and evaluated either alone, in combination with each other or with hair cell loss. It was found that both the inner hair cells and the outer hair cells were affected differently by impulse noise than by continuous noise even though the auditory thresholds were similar. PMID- 3480683 TI - Early feeding problems in an affluent society. III. Follow-up at two years: natural course, health, behaviour and development. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the natural course of later problems and their prevalence in children with early feeding difficulties. Forty-two children with feeding problems without any obvious medical reason during the first year of life were followed up prospectively to the age of two years. Comparisons were made with 42 age- and sex-matched controls. Information was obtained from parental interviews, medical records and assessments of psychomotor development. In 21 (50%) of the children with feeding problems the problems persisted at the age of two years. There were significantly higher frequencies of infections and behavioural problems among the children with early feeding problems than among the controls. No differences in psychomotor development were found. Recurrent infections, behaviour problems and psycho-social problems were significantly correlated with severe persistent feeding problems at the age of two years. PMID- 3480684 TI - Early feeding problems in an affluent society. IV. Impact on growth up to two years of age. AB - A study was undertaken to investigate growth in children with different types of early feeding problems without any obvious medical explanation. Altogether 42 children were studied and followed up to the age of two years. Twenty-five children refused to eat (RTE), nine had colic, seven had vomiting and one child displayed hyperirritability at mealtimes. Comparisons were made with controls matched for sex, age and residential area. Attained weight and length were measured frequently; rates of gain were calculated and the growth variables were transformed to standard deviation scores (SD scores). After the onset of the symptoms the SD scores of attained weight and length decreased significantly in the children with RTE and in those with vomiting (p less than 0.05), and the rate of weight gain was significantly lower in the RTE group than in the control group (p less than 0.001). At two years of age the children with vomiting had recovered and showed a complete catch-up growth, while the RTE group had attained significantly lower SD scores of attained weight (p less than 0.001) and length (p less than 0.001) than the control group. It was found that the risk of growth impairment was greatest in children who refused all food or all food except breast milk. PMID- 3480685 TI - Post-obstructive urinary concentrating defect. A case study in the role of prostaglandins. AB - A child with post-obstructive urinary concentrating defect was studied for the possible pathophysiological role of prostaglandins and an eventual therapeutic approach. Increased urinary excretion of prostaglandins was corrected by indomethacin, with resultant increased nephrogenous cyclic AMP and partial improvement in the concentrating defect. The addition of a thiazide restored urinary concentration. These results add clinical support to the conception of the important role of prostaglandins in the mechanism of post-obstructive hyposthenuria. This therapeutic regimen is advocated for prolonged post obstructive concentrating defect. PMID- 3480686 TI - Responses to dynamic leg exercise in man as influenced by changes in muscle perfusion pressure. AB - The influences of induced alterations in muscle perfusion pressure on the physiological responses to rhythmic exercise in man were investigated. The experiments were carried out in healthy subjects performing leg exercise on a cycle ergometer at light to exhaustive work intensities. Increased muscle perfusion pressure was brought about by exposing the working legs of the supine subject to a subatmospheric pressure of -50 mm Hg (Lower Body Negative Pressure, LBNP), decreased perfusion pressure by instead applying a supraatmospheric pressure of 50 mm Hg (Leg Positive Pressure, LPP). In this way, the perfusion pressure in dynamically exercising large muscle groups could be altered in a controlled fashion. The influences of such manipulation of the perfusion pressure on the physiological adjustments to incremental-load exercise were studied and analysed. The main results and conclusions were as follows: (1) Exercise-induced increases in cardiac output were attenuated by LBNP, an effect caused by curtailment of stroke volume secondary to suction-induced sequestration of blood volume in capacitance vessels not affected by the action of the leg muscle pump. This situation resembles that of dynamic leg exercise in the upright body position. Thus, supine exercise with LBNP at -50 mm Hg seems to be a valid model of upright leg exercise, not only in that it increases perfusion pressure in working muscles but also by causing similar changes in the central circulation as a shift from supine to upright leg exercise. (2) Exercise-induced increases in systolic arterial pressure were markedly exaggerated by LPP, an effect attributable to increased exercise responses in both cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. The exaggerated pressor response supports the notion of a muscle chemoreflex drive in response to flow-restricted exercise tending to reduce the existing flow error. (3) Exercise-induced increases in O2 uptake and blood lactate concentration were both attenuated by LBNP and exaggerated by LPP. The changes in blood lactate levels are attributable to perfusion-pressure dependent variations in muscle blood flow, resulting in opposite changes in the share contributed by anaerobic metabolism to the energy release. Possible explanations for the fact that impaired muscle perfusion was associated with increased O2 uptake at given external work loads are discussed. (4) Exercise induced responses of the pulmonary ventilation were attenuated by LBNP and markedly exaggerated by LPP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3480687 TI - [Our experience with combined intravesical instillation therapy of superficial bladder tumor using Aclacinomycin-A (ACM) and cytosine arabinoside (CA)]. AB - Thirteen patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors were treated by combined intravesical instillation of Aclacinomycin-A (ACM) and cytosine arabinoside (CA). Prophylactic effects of this combined instillation therapy were studied in 7 patients. A solution of 200 micrograms/ml of ACM and 600 micrograms/ml of CA was instilled into the bladder. The instillation aimed for treatment was carried out once a week until ten treatments had been given. Complete response was attained in 2 patients and partial response in 3 patients, but tumor size increased by more than 50% in 6 of the 13 patients. No change was observed in the remaining 2 patients. Recurrence of the tumors was observed in 3 of the 7 patients who were treated by this prophylactic combined instillation therapy. Local side effects such as bladder irritability were found in 2 of the 20 patients. No systemic side effects were noted in any patients. Although the side effects were reduced, we were not satisfied with the results of this therapy. PMID- 3480688 TI - [Clinical study of ofloxacin (OFLX) on urinary tract infections]. AB - Fifty-three patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) were treated with Ofloxacin, a new oral synthetic antimicrobial agent, and its clinical efficacy was studied. Ofloxacin (600 mg/day) was administered to 35 patients with acute simple cystitis for more than three days, and to 17 patients with complicated UTI for more than five days except a case in which the treatment was interrupted for side effects. Acute simple cystitis: In ten cases meeting the criteria of UTI committee, overall effectiveness rate was 100%. All of the 26 strains isolated from 26 patients disappeared after the treatment. In all of acute simple cystitis cases, 94.3% were evaluated as excellent or as moderate by attending doctors. Complicated UTI: In 11 cases treated during five or seven days, 63.6% of patients showed improvement on pyuria. Seven out of nine strains isolated from seven patients disappeared. However, two strains of P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia persisted after the treatment. In all of the complicated UTI cases, 38.9% of patients were evaluated as excellent or as moderate by attending doctors. Some slight side effects were observed in four out of 53 cases. This study showed that Ofloxacin is effective against urinary tract infections. PMID- 3480689 TI - A major gene model for the familial aggregation of plasma IgA concentration. AB - Plasma IgA concentration was determined on 94 individuals of an eastern Kentucky family (IGANI) with some members having clinical and biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, and on 197 individuals of a large Louisiana family (HGAR29) with no clinical history of IgA nephropathy but on whom 30 polymorphic markers had previously been typed. Pedigree segregation analysis was used to fit a major gene model, and a moderately large lod score for linkage to the ABO locus (1.50 at 0% recombination) suggested the existence of a recessive allele for high plasma IgA concentration. This allele is only slightly more prevalent in pedigree IGANI than in pedigree HGAR29, indicating that it is a minor, rather than a major, etiologic factor in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3480690 TI - Serum CA-125 in the evaluation of benign adnexal cysts. AB - Because serum CA-125 concentrations are increased in women with endometriosis, our objective was to determine whether CA-125 levels could be used to differentiate endometriotic from nonendometriotic benign cysts. During a 2-year period, all women who had an endometrioma (n = 33) or a nonendometriotic cyst (n = 27) that was greater than or equal to 4 cm were included. Serum CA-125 levels were measured by an immunoradiometric assay, and the mean concentrations in women with an endometriotic cyst increased as the diameter of the cyst increased. The mean CA-125 concentrations in women with cysts greater than or equal to 4 cm were 53 +/- 2 U/ml in 19 women with an endometriotic cyst, 11 +/- 1 U/ml in 20 women with a nonendometriotic cyst, and 15 +/- 1 U/ml in 7 women with a nonendometriotic cyst and endometriosis. In the fluid of 10 endometriomas, the mean CA-125 concentration was 290 +/- 94 X 10(3) U/ml (range 10 to 900 X 10(3) U/ml). With cysts diameters greater than or equal to 4 cm, 19 of 19 women with endometriotic cysts, zero of seven women with nonendometriotic cysts and endometriosis, and zero of 20 women with nonendometriotic cysts had CA-125 concentrations greater than or equal to 20 U/ml (99% upper normal limit). We conclude that serum CA-125 determinations offer an excellent method to differentiate endometriotic from nonendometriotic benign cysts. PMID- 3480691 TI - Prostaglandin concentrations in amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection and preterm labor. AB - This study was undertaken to examine the effects of intrauterine infection and preterm labor on the amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins in women with premature rupture of the membranes. Amniotic fluid was obtained from four groups of patients with premature rupture of the membranes: group 1, patients without labor or infection; group 2, patients with labor but without infection; group 3, patients with an intra-amniotic infection but without labor; group 4, patients with both infection and labor. Prostaglandins E2 and F2a were measured by radioimmunoassays. Preterm labor, in the absence of infection, was not associated with significant increases in amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins. Women with preterm labor and intra-amniotic infections had higher amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins than women with preterm labor in the absence of infection or women with intra-amniotic infection in the absence of labor. These observations are compatible with the participation of prostaglandins in the mechanisms of onset of preterm labor associated with intra-amniotic infection. PMID- 3480693 TI - Rigid gas permeable lens binding: significance and contributing factors. AB - A retrospective analysis of lens binding was performed using records from 279 cases of overnight wear of rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses in a variety of materials and designs. The overall incidence of lens binding on eye opening was 22%. Typically, the lens was bound nasally, became mobile spontaneously in less than 1 h, and produced staining of the central cornea and inferior conjunctiva. A corneal indentation ring was noted in 53% of eyes that experienced a bound lens. A statistical analysis was performed to determine whether RGP lens binding was associated with particular lens parameters, patient characteristics, or lens fitting factors. Overnight lens binding was found to occur more frequently with lenses of large diameter, flat base curve and minimal axial edge lift, fitted "on K" or flat relative to central corneal curvature, and exhibiting less than optimal on-eye lens movement before eye closure. PMID- 3480692 TI - Steroid synthetic and prostaglandin metabolizing activity is present in different cell populations from human fetal membranes and decidua. AB - We examined whether different cell subpopulations from human fetal membranes and decidua produce steroids (estrone and progesterone) and metabolize prostaglandins (prostaglandin F2 alpha to 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha and if these changed with labor. Amnion, chorion, and decidua were obtained at elective cesarean section at term or at spontaneous labor. Cells were dispersed with collagenase and separated by density on discontinuous Percoll gradients. At cesarean section there was a major broad band of cells from amnion and chorion. This band contained most of the estrone sulfatase (estrone sulfate to estrone) activity. The 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (pregnenolone to progesterone conversion) and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolizing activities were present in these cells and those that migrated at greater Percoll densities. Amnion and chorion obtained after spontaneous labor had two major bands of cells. Estrone sulfatase was present in cells from both hands, whereas progesterone output from pregnenolone and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolism predominated in the second band of cells with greater density. This pattern was particularly apparent in chorion. Dispersed cells from decidua tended to migrate throughout the gradient. In general, estrone sulfate to estrone conversion predominated in lighter cells whereas progesterone output from pregnenolone and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolism predominated in cells of greater density. The output of progesterone from pregnenolone was significantly lower in cell preparations from chorion and decidua at spontaneous labor compared with cesarean section. We conclude that human amnion, chorion, and decidua contain distinct cell subpopulations based on Percoll migration and that in the membranes these change between cesarean section and spontaneous labor. Partial separation of estrone sulfatase from 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolizing activities has been demonstrated, which raises the possibility of paracrine interactions in vivo. PMID- 3480694 TI - Intact biliary excretion of gastrically administered prostaglandin F2 alpha in rats: developmental differences. AB - Tritium-labeled prostaglandin F2 alpha was administered via orogastric tube to bile duct-cannulated suckling and weanling rats to determine if maturational differences were present in the biliary excretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha and metabolites. Animals were killed 2 h after radioactivity administration. Characterization of radioactivity present in bile revealed age-related differences in biliary prostaglandin F2 alpha excretion. Suckling rats had a greater proportion of radioactivity migrating in chromatographic regions of greater polarity than prostaglandin F2 alpha. Compared with the weanling, a significantly greater amount of radioactivity cochromatographed with intact, unmetabolized prostaglandin F2 alpha (33.08 +/- 1.99 vs. 21.38 +/- 1.46). These results indicate that orogastrically administered prostaglandin F2 alpha can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, transported to the liver, and subsequently excreted into bile and detected in an unmetabolized form in suckling and weanling rats. The enterohepatic circulation of milk-derived prostaglandin present in bile may contribute to the overall content of intestinal prostaglandins. PMID- 3480696 TI - Unusual disconnection. PMID- 3480695 TI - Renal synthesis and urinary excretion of eicosanoids during pregnancy in rats. AB - We tested whether vasodilatory prostaglandins (PGs) mediate the adaptation of the maternal renal circulation to pregnancy by assessing production of PGs by kidney tissues in vitro. We reasoned that if PGs are crucial, then local synthetic rates of these hormones would most likely be increased. Glomeruli harvested from gravid rats of gestational days 6, 12, and 20 did not demonstrate greater basal or stimulated syntheses of PGF2 alpha, PGE2, or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than those from virgin controls. Production of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by renal cortical slices obtained from pregnant rats was not greater than that of virgins either. Urine 24-h excretory rates of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, but not PGF2 alpha, were significantly increased during pregnancy (all P less than 0.05 from prepregnant levels). During midgestation, when urinary excretion of PGE2 and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha was greatest, medullary syntheses of these PGs were found to be comparable between virgin and gravid animals. The present study, which fails to show augmented synthesis of PGs by renal tissues derived from gravid rats, is consistent with our previous investigation in which cyclooxygenase inhibition did not reduce the gestational increase of renal hemodynamics or restore the attenuated renal pressor responsiveness to exogenous angiotensin II. Taken together, we conclude that in rats, PGs most likely do not mediate the alterations in the renal circulation observed during pregnancy. PMID- 3480697 TI - The use of CA-50 radioimmunoassay test in diagnosis of urologic malignancy. Tie for second place Jobst award. AB - Circulating levels of the oncofetal antigen, CA-50, have been used to differentiate benign and malignant disease of the prostate, bladder, and kidney, taking 17 units/ml as the upper limit of normal. All 60 normal subjects and 59 of 61 (97%) patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy had levels below 17 units/ml. The test was positive in 29 of 68 (43%) patients with prostatic carcinoma, including 24 of 34 (75%) with metastases, but only five of 34 (15%) patients without metastases (P less than 0.01). Positivity also correlated with histologic grade: 0 per cent with well-differentiated tumors (n = 8), 33 per cent with moderately differentiated (n = 11), and 66 per cent with poorly differentiated tumors (n = 27). All 14 patients with benign bladder disease had negative values, whereas 13 of 21 (62%) patients with bladder carcinoma had positive. Noninvasive tumors were less likely to give a positive value than invasive tumors (42 vs 89%; P less than 0.05). One of 11 (9%) patients with benign renal conditions was positive as opposed to seven of 15 (47%) patients with renal carcinoma. The overall sensitivity of the CA-50 test for urologic malignancy was 47 per cent and specificity was 97 per cent; moreover, serum levels correlated with stage and grade of disease. PMID- 3480698 TI - HIV antigen in brains of patients with AIDS. PMID- 3480699 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of aclarubicin. The pharmacokinetics of the preparation and its biologically active metabolites in the blood of rats]. AB - Blood pharmacokinetics of the antitumor antibiotic aclarubicin and its metabolites was studied in rats with high performance liquid chromatography. The drug was administered intravenously in single doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg and orally in a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Aclarubicin pharmacokinetics was shown to be nonlinear. However, within every dose level it obeyed a two-compartment model. The nonlinearity could be due to saturation of aclarubicin binding to blood plasma proteins. The blood concentrations of metabolites MA144 N1 and MA144 T1 were close and after 12-18 hours exceeded those of unchanged aclarubicin. The half-lives of aclarubicin and its metabolites ranged from 16 to 21 hours. The MA144 T1 content was not significant. Following oral administration aclarubicin was rapidly absorbed and its bioavailability amounted to 35 per cent. Total bioavailability of aclarubicin, MA144 N1 and MA144 T1 was equal to 89 per cent. This enabled to consider the oral route of aclarubicin administration promising in tumor therapy. PMID- 3480700 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of aclarubicin. The distribution of the preparation and its biologically active metabolites in rat tissues]. AB - Tissue pharmacokinetics of aclarubicin and its active metabolites was studied with high performance liquid chromatography. The drug was administered to rats intravenously in single doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg and orally in a single dose of 10 mg/kg. With both the administration routes the highest concentrations of the drug and its metabolites were attained in the lymph nodes. Then followed the spleen and lungs. The lowest content of the drug was detected in the heart. The total values of the areas under the concentration/time curves for aclarubicin and its metabolites in the tissues of the heart, lungs, lymph nodes and spleen after oral administration were respectively 2, 3, 4 and 7 times lower than those after the drug intravenous administration in the same dose. The concentrations of the active metabolites MA144N1 and MA144T1 exceeded those of aclarubicin and were detected in the tissues within a longer period as compared to the unchanged drug. With repeated administration preferential accumulation of the metabolites in the tissues and their increased contribution to the aclarubicin antitumor effect could be suspected. PMID- 3480702 TI - The effect of nifedipine on the contractile responses of the longitudinal and circular muscle of the isolated guinea-pig ileum to various agonists. AB - We investigated the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on contractile responses of the longitudinal and circular muscle of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Nifedipine in very low concentrations, ranging from picomolar to nanomolar, inhibits the phasic and the tonic contractile responses of the longitudinal muscle induced by various agonists (histamine, acetylcholine, prostaglandin E2, serotonin and potassium chloride) in a concentration-dependent manner. Nifedipine produces a stronger inhibition of the tonic than of the phasic component of contractions induced by used spasmogens. The tonic contractile responses evoked by histamine and acetylcholine exhibited the highest degree of sensitivity to the inhibitory action of nifedipine. The calculated values of mean effective concentrations (ED50) indicate that the phasic responses of agonists are less sensitive to nifedipine. For obtaining a similar degree of inhibition of phasic contractions much higher concentrations of nifedipine are necessary. Our findings that nifedipine inhibits more strongly the tonic than the phasic contractile responses produced by different agonists, support the hypothesis of the existence of various types of calcium channels in the guinea-pig longitudinal muscle. Also, nifedipine reduced the contractile responses of the ileal circular muscle induced by histamine, acetylcholine, prostaglandin E2, serotonin and potassium chloride, in a concentration-dependent manner. The contractions induced by histamine are most sensitive to the inhibitory action of nifedipine. It should be pointed out that the phasic responses of the longitudinal muscle and contractions of the circular muscle are approximately equally sensitive to nifedipine. It can be speculated that some inherent similarity exists in contractile processes of the phasic responses of the longitudinal muscle and contractions of the circular muscle, or that agonists act via the same (or similar) population of calcium channels. Enhancing the calcium concentration in the bathing fluid did not reverse the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscle, induced by various agonists. PMID- 3480701 TI - Isozyme specificity of rat liver glutathione S-transferases in the formation of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 from PGH2. AB - When prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) was incubated with a mixture of glutathione S transferases (GSTs) obtained from S-hexylglutathione affinity chromatography, as much as 40% of it was transformed into a prostanoid whose Rf value corresponded to that of the standard PGF2 alpha. The reaction product was identified as PGF2 alpha by cochromatography with a standard on TLC and HPLC. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyl groups on C-9 and C-11 of the cyclopentane ring was confirmed by mass-spectral analysis of the butylboronate derivative of the reaction product. Neither PGE2 nor PGD2 could substitute for PGH2 in the reaction mixture, indicating that the mechanism of formation of PGF2 alpha is a direct two-electron reduction of the endoperoxide moiety and not through a reduction of the keto group on PGE2 or PGD2. Individual GST isozymes exhibited distinct differences in their catalytic rates of formation of PGF2 alpha from PGH2. Among various GSTs, isozyme IV, a homodimer of Ya size subunit showed the highest activity with a Vmax value of approximately 6000 nmol.min-1.mg-1. In general, the isozymes containing Ya and Yc subunits exhibited relatively high activity toward PGH2, indicating that it is the non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity associated with the GSTs that might be responsible for the reduction of PGH2 to PGF2 alpha. Interestingly, isozyme IV also exhibited the highest PGE2 forming activity with a Vmax value of approximately 3000 nmol.min-1.mg-1 followed by isozyme I, a homodimer of Yb subunit, which had a Vmax value of 420 nmol.min-1.mg 1. Based on these results, it appears that the GSTs play an important role in the biosynthesis of classical PGs. Therefore, it is conceivable that the tissue specific formation of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 might, in part, be due to the relative distribution of these enzyme activities in a given tissue. Our results have not only confirmed the previously published reports (E. Christ-Hazelhof et al. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 450, 450-461), but also have characterized the specificity of GST isozymes in the formation of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 3480704 TI - Control of generalised glycogenosis in a Brahman herd. PMID- 3480703 TI - Programmed induction of labor for primiparous women to ensure daytime delivery. PMID- 3480705 TI - Neutral proteinases in muscle tissue and cells. AB - Chymase isolated from rat skeletal muscle tissue was compared with other proteinases in rat muscle that hydrolyse chymase substrates. These enzymes were purified from the 100,000 x g supernatant of hind limb rat muscles homogenized with 0.15 M NaCl-20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. A metallproteinase (MMP-7-ase) and a serine proteinase (ATN-ase) were partially characterized, and shown to be different from chymase. PMID- 3480706 TI - Relationship between plasma PGE2 level and changes in hemoglobin proportions during bleeding-induced anemia in adult rats. AB - Reversion of hemoglobin proportions toward newborn values is a characteristic change found in blood of acutely bled adult rats. In this study, adult Sprague Dawley rats were bled over a period of time until they became anemic by hematologic parameters. We measured plasma prostaglandin E2 levels of anemic and control rats using double-antibody technique. A significant increase was recorded in bled plasma, and the value returned to unbled level when anemia was corrected. Acetylsalicylic acid intake during bleeding-induced anemia abolished the process of reverse switching of hemoglobin, as well as inhibited the increase in plasma PGE2 levels. Changes in hemoglobin proportions due to phlebotomy were also blocked when acetylsalicylic acid was replaced by indomethacin. These observations are of significance in understanding, at least in part, the mechanism of reverse hemoglobin switching in adult rats undergoing erythropoietic stress. PMID- 3480707 TI - Interaction of 5-fluoro-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate with mammalian tumour thymidylate synthase: role of the pyrimidine N(3)-H dissociation. AB - The role of the pyrimidine N(3)-H in binding of dUMP derivatives to thymidylate synthase was evaluated with the aid of a new dUMP analogue, 5-fluoro-4-thio-dUMP, synthesized by an improved thiation and enzymatic phosphorylation. The interaction of this analogue, and of 5-FdUMP, with the enzyme, and the pH dependence of these interactions, were compared. Both were slow-binding competitive inhibitors of the enzyme from Ehrlich carcinoma, L1210 and CCRF-CEM cells, with Ki an order of magnitude higher for 5-fluoro-4-thio-dUMP than for 5 FdUMP. With both nucleotides, as well as the parent nucleosides, enzyme inactivation increased as the pH was lowered from 8 to 6. Maximum inactivation with 5-FdUrd was at pH 7.0, and with 5-fluoro-4-thio-dUrd at pH 6.0, in agreement with the higher pKa for the N(3)-H dissociation of the former, and pointing to participation of the N(3)-H as a hydrogen donor in binding to the enzyme. PMID- 3480708 TI - Xanthine oxidase activity in mouse pancreas: effects of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. AB - The development of acute pancreatitis involves a number of pathophysiological changes which result in pancreatic tissue damage. Data from several models of acute pancreatitis suggest that the in vivo conversion of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase may cause tissue damage by the subsequent generation of oxygen-derived free radical products. In the present studies, acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by the administration of supramaximal secretory doses of caerulein, a cholecystokinin analogue. Pancreatic xanthine oxidase activity was observed to occur in the dehydrogenase form in both control and treated mice. Artifactual conversion to the oxidase form could be induced by exclusion of 2-mercaptoethanol and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride from the buffer during tissue preparation. These data indicate that no significant conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase is associated with this model of acute pancreatitis in mice. PMID- 3480710 TI - The search for hormonal markers of the risk for alcoholism. PMID- 3480709 TI - Lymphocyte granule-mediated cytolysis requires serine protease activity. AB - We show that chymotrypsin-like, as well as trypsin-like, proteases are in granules isolated from cytolytic lymphocytes by the capacity of the granules to hydrolyze the peptide substrates Z-Phe-Leu-Phe-SBzl and Z-Ala-Gly-Arg-SBzl, respectively. We report protease inhibitors that can abrogate or delay granule mediated cytolysis. Two mechanism-based isocoumarin serine protease inhibitors and Z-Gly-Leu-Phe-CH2Cl completely abrogated granule cytolysis. Lima bean and soybean trypsin inhibitors and chymostatin delayed but did not prevent this cytolysis. These data represent the first use of the powerful isocoumarin inhibitors as biological probes and indicate that lymphocyte serine proteases participate in the granule cytolytic process. PMID- 3480711 TI - Effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration in rats on PGE2 formation in microsomes from stomach and small intestine. AB - Prostaglandin E2 formation and content has been measured in the stomach and small intestine of rats after acute and chronic ethanol ingestion. Chronic ethanol administration for 6 and 12 weeks inhibits PGE2 synthesis and reduces PGE2 content (12 weeks) in all parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract, while after ethanol ingestion up to 1 week PGE2 synthesis is decreased only in the stomach. PMID- 3480713 TI - 'The disappearing DSA'. PMID- 3480712 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis and response to alcoholism treatment. AB - Serum prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) was assayed in 27 alcoholic patients and in 18 control subjects. No significant difference was observed in mean basal PGF2 titers of patients and controls. However, patients who completed four months of alcoholism treatment had a mean titer that was significantly higher than that of treatment dropouts. Patients who maintained continuous abstinence for 2 years following treatment had a mean titer that was significantly higher than that of patients who returned to pre-treatment drinking levels. PMID- 3480714 TI - Orthodontic fees--the European comparison. PMID- 3480715 TI - Hazard of autoclave bags. PMID- 3480716 TI - 'Cardiac arrest in the dental chair'. PMID- 3480717 TI - 'Recommendations on the education and training of dental technicians'. PMID- 3480718 TI - Medicated syrups and caries. PMID- 3480719 TI - Stainless steel mouth mirrors. PMID- 3480720 TI - A misplaced mandibular permanent canine. PMID- 3480721 TI - The avulsed tooth. PMID- 3480722 TI - 'Promoting Better Health'. The Government's programme for improving primary health care. PMID- 3480723 TI - Fissure sealants on the National Health Service. PMID- 3480724 TI - BDJ Edwina Currie interview. PMID- 3480726 TI - White paper proposals. PMID- 3480725 TI - Rubber glove hygiene. PMID- 3480727 TI - 'A 25-year review of general anaesthesia at the Leeds Dental Hospital'. PMID- 3480728 TI - 'General anaesthetic in dentistry--whose decision?'. PMID- 3480731 TI - Complications of pin placement. A survey of 429 cases. PMID- 3480730 TI - The GDP contract. PMID- 3480729 TI - 'The disappearing DSA'. PMID- 3480732 TI - Dose reduction in lateral cephalometry using rare-earth screens. PMID- 3480733 TI - Precautions taken by a group of dentists in the West Midlands against cross infection. PMID- 3480734 TI - The lingual nerve entrapment syndrome. PMID- 3480735 TI - Reflections. PMID- 3480736 TI - Addiction Research Centre: Hull-York, U.K. PMID- 3480738 TI - The concept of control and alcoholism. PMID- 3480737 TI - Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center Harvard Medical School-McLean Hospital: activities during 1986. PMID- 3480739 TI - Monitoring the demand for treatment by problem drug takers: a case study of a London drug dependency unit. PMID- 3480740 TI - Methods to assess alcohol consumption in 68-year-old men: results from the population study 'Men born in 1914' Malmo, Sweden. PMID- 3480742 TI - Pathological spending as a form of psychological dependence. PMID- 3480741 TI - Alcohol use and depression among U.S. Hispanics. PMID- 3480743 TI - The Temperance Movement: shaking off the old image. PMID- 3480744 TI - The first Benno Pollak lecture. Drinking sensibly. PMID- 3480745 TI - Addictive Behaviours Research Group: University of Dundee. PMID- 3480746 TI - The Research Institute on Alcoholism, Buffalo, New York. PMID- 3480747 TI - Reasons for drinking and alcohol use in young adults at high risk and at low risk for alcoholism. PMID- 3480748 TI - Psychophysiological indicators of craving in alcoholics: effects of cue exposure. PMID- 3480749 TI - The specific gravity of the brains of alcoholic and control patients: a pathological study. PMID- 3480750 TI - Saliva cotinine as an indicator of cigarette smoking in adolescents. PMID- 3480751 TI - Abstracts of free communications. The Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs and the British Psychological Society joint annual symposium. PMID- 3480752 TI - Destruction of erythroleukaemic cells by photoactivation of endogenous porphyrins. AB - Selective destruction of Friend erythroleukaemic cells (FELC) was potentiated by stimulation of endogenous porphyrin synthesis followed by light sensitization. Endogenous porphyrin biosynthesis in FELC was induced by supplementation of 5 amino levulinic acid (5-ALA) at a concentration of 5 X 10(-4) M. The main accumulated product, after 4 days culture, was uroporphyrin, while after 8 days culture the cells were loaded with protoporphyrin, up to 1.5 micrograms 10(-7) cells. Photoirradiation of the cells for 2 min, accumulating endogenous porphyrins, induced cardinal deformations and cell disintegration in greater than 95% of the cells, as examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photodynamic destruction effects were dependent on cultivation time with 5-ALA. Flow cytometry analysis showed an immediate expansion of cell volume subsequent to irradiation, presumably a consequence of water influx. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of photosensitized cells after different time intervals of culture in 5-ALA medium, revealed initial damage to mitochondria and water influx into the nuclear envelope, after 2 days. After 3-4 days in culture the water influx phenomenon was pronounced, chromatin condensation took place and slight rupture of the outer membrane was detected. Cells photosensitized after 5-6 days of culture were completely disintegrated leaving a nuclear remnant and an enormously swollen nuclear envelope. The culture time dependence of the process, showed an interrelationship between the photodynamic effect and porphyrin accumulation sites in cellular compartments. The study presents a specific method for erythroleukaemic cell inactivation. PMID- 3480753 TI - The c-ets-1 proto-oncogene is rearranged in some cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 3480754 TI - Trial of platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, trapidil, in accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis in the rabbit. AB - The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist, trapidil, which also blocks the thromboxane and/or PG-endoperoxide receptor and is an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, was administered during rabbit accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis; the clinical and histological evolution was studied as well as urinary immunoreactive thromboxane (i-TXB2) and immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 (i-PGE2) excretion. Although the dose we used has been shown to be effective in vivo, and it inhibited the urinary i-TXB2 excretion on days 5 and 10, it neither inhibited the enhanced production of i-TXB2 on day 1, nor prevented the glomerular influx of monocytes on days 5 and 10. All clinical and histological data tend to be worse rather than better in trapidil-treated animals on days 5 and 10. PMID- 3480756 TI - A new case of de novo AML with 9q interstitial deletion as the sole chromosomal abnormality. PMID- 3480757 TI - Growth retardation and fetal hydrocephalus developing after discontinuation of a mid-trimester termination procedure. Case report. PMID- 3480755 TI - Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on surface marker expression by epidermal immunocompetent cells and contact sensitization to dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. AB - We studied the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on murine epidermal Ia positive Langerhans cells (Ia + LC) and Thy-I-positive dendritic epidermal cells (Thy-I + dEC). We also studied contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) introduced through UV-treated epidermis. C3H/HeN mice were exposed to UVB or 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (PUVA). UVB and PUVA treatment led to a dramatic reduction in surface marker expression of both Ia + LC and Thy-I + dEC. High-dose UVB irradiation (360 J/m2) interfered with contact hypersensitivity to DNFB; the density of Ia + LC may thus be related to the sensitizing potential. In contrast, low-dose UVB (120 J/m2) and PUVA treatment had little effect on contact hypersensitivity despite a marked reduction in Ia + LC. The density of Thy-I + dEC appeared not to be associated with contact hypersensitivity. These results suggest that there may be a Langerhans cell density-independent mechanism for the induction of contact hypersensitivity. PMID- 3480759 TI - [Catalytic properties of cholesterol oxidase in the cholesterol oxidation reaction in an aqueous medium]. AB - The effects of organic solvents on cholesterol oxidation by cholesterol oxidase were investigated. It was shown that the increase of isopropanol up to 15% (v/v) in the reaction mixture based on the triethanolamine buffer solution does not influence the value of V, while the Km value for cholesterol shows a bell-shaped dependence and increases more than tenfold within the organic solvent concentration range of about 10%. The changes in the kinetic parameters of the reaction depend not only on the organic solvent concentrations but also on the buffer origin and substrate solution preparation time. This suggests that the composition of the reaction mixture in the first case influences the cholesterol micelle organization which defines its substrate properties in such reactions. Under this stipulation the experimental results can be interpreted within the framework of a new scheme, according to which the specific interaction between cholesterol and delta 4-cholestenon-3 which leads to a decrease of cholesterol mobility and to acceleration of the reaction rate. With a rise in the organic solvent concentration the above-mentioned interactions decelerate, and the enzymatic reaction can be well described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. It is supposed that the cholesterol oxidase-mediated oxidation of cholesterol occurs at the counterface of two phases. PMID- 3480758 TI - Rapid degradation of D- and L-succinimide-containing peptides by a post-proline endopeptidase from human erythrocytes. AB - We have been interested in the metabolic fate of proteins containing aspartyl succinimide (Asu) residues. These residues can be derived from the spontaneous rearrangement of Asp and Asn residues and from the spontaneous demethylation of enzymatically methylated L-isoAsp and D-Asp residues. Incubation of the synthetic hexapeptide N-Ac-Val-Tyr-Pro-Asu-Gly-Ala with the cytosolic fraction of human erythrocytes resulted in rapid cleavage of the prolyl-aspartyl succinimide bond producing the tripeptide N-Ac-Val-Tyr-Pro. The rate of this reaction is equal for both L- and D-Asu-containing peptides and is 10-fold greater than the rate of cleavage of a corresponding peptide containing a normal Pro-Asp linkage. When the aspartyl succinimide ring was replaced with an isoaspartyl residue, the cleavage rate was about 5 times that of the normal Pro-Asp peptide. The tripeptide producing activity copurified on DEAE-cellulose chromatography with an activity that cleaves N-carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumarin-7-amide, a post-proline endopeptidase substrate. These two activities were both inhibited by an antiserum to rat brain post-proline endopeptidase, and it appears that they are catalyzed by the same enzyme. This enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 80,000 and is covalently labeled and inhibited by [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The facile cleavage of the succinimide- and isoaspartyl-containing peptides by this post-proline endopeptidase suggests that it may play a role in the metabolism of peptides containing altered aspartyl residues. PMID- 3480760 TI - [Technical study of the question of the effectiveness of heat and moisture exchangers]. PMID- 3480761 TI - SQUID measurement of metalloprotein magnetization. New methods applied to the nitrogenase proteins. AB - New techniques have been developed to exploit the sensitivity of a commercial SQUID susceptometer in the study of the magnetization of metalloproteins. Previous studies have ignored both the slow relaxation (hours) of spin I = 1/2 nuclei and residual ferromagnetic impurities in sample holders. These potential sources of noise were at or below the sensitivity of previous instruments. With these noise sources under control, one can now decrease the protein concentration by a factor of ten. In addition careful characterization of the frozen magnetization sample, including the use of a multi-instrument holder for combined study of the magnetization sample with Mossbauer spectroscopy, is required for reliable interpretation of the data in the face of paramagnetic impurities common to metalloprotein samples. Many previous magnetic studies of metalloproteins have been carried out in the Curie region. Saturation magnetization studies down to 1.8 K and up to 5 T can determine zero-field splitting parameters in addition to the spin and exchange coupling parameters measured in previous studies at lower fields and higher temperatures. Applications of these techniques to the study of the nitrogenase proteins of Azotobacter vinelandii are presented as examples. PMID- 3480762 TI - The adenylate cyclase response to parathyroid hormone in fetal lung fibroblasts is enhanced by cortisol. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH, less than 10(-8) M) stimulated adenylate cyclase in fibroblasts, but not epithelial cells, isolated from fetal rat lung. In contrast to osteosarcoma cells (UMR 106), the response of fibroblasts to PTH was increased by pretreatment with cortisol (less than 10(-8)-10(-7) M). PMID- 3480763 TI - Methylation of c-myc gene changes in human lymphoproliferative diseases. AB - The degree of methylation at the c-myc proto-oncogene was found to change in human lymphoproliferative diseases, when examined using a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) c-myc DNA showed hypomethylation in human lymphoproliferative diseases, in comparison to normal subjects matched in age and sex. In cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the change was amplified in the crisis. When the DNA was examined at the actin gene, no significant change was observed. The results suggest that the change in c-myc protooncogene methylation might become an important clue in understanding the relationship between levels of gene expression and methylation in human lymphoproliferative diseases. PMID- 3480764 TI - Doxorubicin and epirubicin iron-induced generation of free radicals in vitro. A comparative study. AB - To ascertain any differences in myocardial injury exerted by the anthracyclines doxorubicin and epirubicin, their ability to generate oxygen free radicals when mixed with Fe(II) was examined in vitro using an oxygen electrode. 5-250 micrograms/ml doxorubicin or epirubicin consumed oxygen when mixed with 50 or 100 mumol/l Fe(II). Addition of 75 mumol/l cytochrome C showed that of the consumed oxygen, approximately 80% entered the monovalent pathway of oxygen reduction. The strong inhibitory effect of 250 mg/l catalase indicates that most of the superoxide radicals generated are further reduced to hydrogen peroxide by both anthracyclines. Addition of metal chelators DTPA (100 mumol/l), or DDTC (50 mumol/l) did not affect oxygen consumption, whereas EDTA (100 mumol/l) or desferrioxamine (100 mumol/l) with anthracyclines and Fe(II) rather stimulated oxygen consumption. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in the amount or proportion of generated oxygen free radicals between doxorubicin and epirubicin when mixed with Fe(II) in a cell-free system in vitro. Thus, the ability of the anthracyclines, in conjunction with iron alone, to generate radicals does not explain the differences of the drugs in causing myocardial injury. PMID- 3480766 TI - A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in Saudi Arabia. AB - An occurrence of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in a 13-year-old Saudi female patient is documented, and treatment is described. It is thought that the improvement noted may be attributed to the hospital environment and reduced contact with the family. PMID- 3480765 TI - Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor YS980 on prostaglandin synthesis in rabbit kidney medulla slices. AB - The effect of YS980, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on the generation of medullary prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha was examined. At concentrations of 0.2 mM and below, YS980 enhanced prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis at the expense of prostaglandin E2. At concentrations of 0.4 mM or more, YS980 inhibited synthesis of both prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha markedly. These results suggest that YS980 has the potential to modulate prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha synthesis by the kidney and that this effect may represent some pharmacological action of the drug. PMID- 3480767 TI - Transcriptional regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes: identification of control elements of a gamma-subunit gene. AB - The muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor undergoes profound changes in abundance and distribution in response to innervation and denervation. As a start towards understanding the detailed mechanisms of acetylcholine receptor gene regulation, we have identified transcriptional regulatory regions of a receptor subunit gene. A region of genomic DNA at the 5' end of the mouse acetylcholine receptor gamma-subunit gene has been shown to promote transcription of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in a cell-type specific manner. In addition, the transcriptional activity of this fragment is developmentally regulated in mouse muscle C2C12 cells. We propose that this fragment contains transcriptional control elements of the mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor gamma subunit gene. PMID- 3480769 TI - Fluoridation--a new opportunity. PMID- 3480768 TI - The value of CA 19-9 in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. AB - We have conducted a prospective study of 441 patients, to investigate the utility of a new tumor marker CA 19-9 for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (93 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 57 with carcinoma of the stomach, 10 with esophageal carcinoma, 45 with malignancies outside the gastrointestinal tract, and 236 with benign general surgical disease). Results were compared to those obtained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach and colon/rectum. CEA is more sensitive than CA 19-9 in all stages of carcinoma of the stomach and colon/rectum. During treatments of gastrointestinal carcinomas, CEA and CA 19-9 were determined at the same time in 66 and 165 patients with surgically treated carcinoma of the stomach and colorectal carcinoma, respectively. It was noted that CEA is more sensitive than CA 19-9 in detecting recurrence. However, CA 19-9 is more specific. The best results were obtained when both markers were used together. PMID- 3480770 TI - Hong Kong survey of adult oral health. Part 1: Clinical findings. PMID- 3480771 TI - Hong Kong survey of adult oral health. Part 2. Oral health related perceptions, knowledge and behaviour. PMID- 3480772 TI - New composite indicators of dental health. PMID- 3480773 TI - An analysis of the CPITN periodontal treatment needs in France. PMID- 3480774 TI - Prevalence of and factors related to gingival recession in Finnish 15- to 20-year old subjects. PMID- 3480775 TI - Dental awareness and attitudes of general medical practitioners. PMID- 3480776 TI - Rational dentistry, a Swedish model for efficiency in the public dental service for children and young adults. PMID- 3480778 TI - Time required to assess children for the late effects of treatment. A report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. PMID- 3480777 TI - Management of infectious complications of intraventricular reservoirs in cancer patients: low incidence and successful treatment without reservoir removal. AB - At the time of analysis, the first 30 patients with Ommaya reservoirs (OR) at the Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center in Seattle, Washington had had 32 reservoirs for a mean duration of 28 months. In all, the reservoir chambers had been punctured for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes a total of 1,287 times with a mean of 40 injections per reservoir and 1.4 injections per month. Six reservoir infections were diagnosed in five patients--a rate of one infection for every 153 reservoir-months. Four infections were attributed to reservoir use- a rate of one infection for every 322 reservoir entries, and less than one infection in 900 entries when a standard aseptic protocol for sampling and injection was applied. There was no correlation between infectious complications and the frequency with which reservoirs were injected, but there was evidence that some of the infections resulted from incomplete compliance with recommended technique for skin preparation and reservoir entry. Four infections were treated successfully with intravenous and intra-reservoir antibiotics without reservoir removal. Only one reservoir had to be removed because of persistent infection. Two other reservoirs were removed because of trauma and malfunction. Twenty-seven patients (90%) retained their original reservoir, up to 9.5 years after implantation. Intraventricular chemotherapy via an indwelling subcutaneous reservoir is a preferred method for delivery of intrathecal chemotherapy, with an acceptable infection risk relative to the benefits of patient comfort and therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3480779 TI - In vitro activity of pefloxacin against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in comparison with other antibiotics. AB - The in vitro antibacterial activity of pefloxacin was evaluated against 310 gram negative and 315 gram-positive aerobes, freshly isolated from clinical material. Reference antibiotics were: ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, rifampin, and methicillin for gram-positive cocci, and norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, netilmicin, gentamicin, amikacin, and aztreonam, for gram-negative bacilli. Gram-positive cocci were inhibited by 0.5 mg/l of teicoplanin, 1 mg/l of ciprofloxacin, 4 mg/l of both pefloxacin and ofloxacin, and 8 mg/l of vancomycin or rifampicin. Against gram-negative bacteria pefloxacin showed excellent activity, inhibiting 90% of all enterobacterial strains and 70% of other gram-negative aerobes at concentrations ranging between 0.03 and 4 mg/l. The same percentage of bacteria were inhibited by the other drugs at concentrations which resulted from two to fourfold higher than those of pefloxacin. MBCs and timed-kill tests indicated that this new agent is rapidly bactericidal against these isolates, and there were no significant differences in the rate of killing of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Inoculum size and pH did not change significantly the MIC values of pefloxacin. PMID- 3480780 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefotetan in elderly subjects after intramuscular administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefotetan were studied in 10 healthy male subjects 65-75 years of age with normal liver function and a creatinine clearance of greater than 80 ml/min after single 2 g intramuscular doses. The mean plasma level at 0.5 h was 52.50 +/- 9.16 micrograms/ml. Peak concentrations were 91.78 +/- 12.02 micrograms/ml at 3 h, declining to 10.33 +/- 2.18 micrograms/ml at 18 h, 4.0 +/- 1.12 micrograms/ml at 24 h after the start injection. The percentage of the dose recovered in urine (0 to 24 h) was 60.3%. Cefotetan plasma clearance showed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.956, p less than 0.001) with measured creatinine clearance and the positive intercept ordinate confirmed a nonrenal clearance of the drug (biliary excretion). The normal age-related changes in cefotetan kinetics were relatively small and dosage adjustment was not necessary for normal elderly subjects requiring cefotetan. PMID- 3480781 TI - Synthesis of neurokinin B analogs and their activities as agonists and antagonists. PMID- 3480782 TI - Sulfation of minoxidil by human platelet sulfotransferase. AB - In an attempt to determine whether (1) sulfotransferase activity in human platelets would convert minoxidil to minoxidil sulfate and (2) inter-subject variations in this sulfotransferase activity could be noted, platelet homogenates were incubated with minoxidil and 35S-PAPS in HEPES buffer at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Radioactivity which was extracted into ethyl acetate and shown by HPLC to elute with authentic minoxidil sulfate was counted by scintillation counting. Aliquots of the platelet homogenates were also preincubated at 43 degrees C for 15 min to determine the thermal stability of the sulfotransferase activity. Sulfotransferase activity in platelets from 48 adult males ranged from 0.9-13.2 pmol minoxidil sulfate produced/10(7) platelets per 30 min (mean 4.91 +/- 2.84 pmol/10(7) platelets per 30 min +/- SD). Thermal stable sulfotransferase activity ranged from 0.2-7.6 pmol minoxidil produced/10(7) platelets per 30 min and varied from 15 to 57% of the total sulfotransferase activity. Thus, the results indicate that human platelets can effect the sulfation of minoxidil and that sulfotransferase activity does show inter-subject variation. PMID- 3480783 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome in three adult siblings: a familial study and evolution. AB - Over a period of 7 years a typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) developed in 3 brothers, at the age of 27, 31 and 35 years respectively. The patients did not share a common HLA haplotype. Two sisters, now 36 and 39 years old, did not develop HUS despite pregnancy and prolonged oral contraception. We investigated in the 3 patients (outside of the acute phase of the HUS) and in 12 other first degree relatives complement components (C3, C4, C1q, factor B), coagulation factors (i.e., antithrombin III, F VIII, protein C) prostacyclin regulating plasma factor and vitamin E levels: all results were normal. Renal failure was irreversible in the 3 patients, despite fresh plasma infusions in 2 of them. After a 7 to 32-month period on hemodialysis, the 3 patients were transplanted with a cadaver kidney. Twenty-one to 94 months later, they have a functioning graft and no recurrence of the HUS. We conclude that, in this family, HUS is not linked to HLA or female gender. No phenotypic marker of the disease was found. Evolution after dialysis and transplantation is excellent, with no short term recurrence of the HUS. PMID- 3480784 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. AB - Gallium uptake corresponding to the extent of the disease in a patient with histologically proven sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is reported. Computerized tomography confirmed the presence of bilateral retrobulbar masses, involvement of both lateral recti, erosion of the bony orbital floor with encroachment of tumor into the right maxillary antrum, and retropharyngeal involvement. PMID- 3480785 TI - Malignant hemangioendothelioma demonstrated by thallium imaging. PMID- 3480786 TI - Osteosarcoma with pericardial metastases seen on bone scan. PMID- 3480788 TI - Specificity of the collagenolytic serine proteinase from the pancreas of the catfish (Parasilurus asotus). AB - The collagenolytic serine proteinase from the pancreas of the catfish (Parasilus asotus) had a pH optimum of 7.5 for native, reconstituted calf skin collagen fibrils. The enzyme was most stable at pH 6-9. The enzyme hydrolyzed heat denatured collagen (gelatin), casein, hemoglobin and elastin in addition to native collagen but not virtually Tos-Arg-OEe, Bz-Tyr-OEe and Suc-(Ala)3-NA. The enzyme cleaved Leu-Gly (or Gln-Gly), Gly-Ile and Ile-Ala bonds on DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly Ile-Ala-Gly-Arg-NH2 and DNP-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-D-Arg. PMID- 3480787 TI - Ceftizoxime and cefoxitin susceptibility testing against anaerobic bacteria: comparison of results from three NCCLS methods and quality control recommendations for the reference agar dilution procedure. AB - Ceftizoxime and cefoxitin (control) were tested against 99 anaerobic bacteria using three commonly used susceptibility testing methods. The cefoxitin MIC results with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) reference agar dilution (RAD) method and the broth microdilution (BMD) method did not differ by more than one log2 dilution step. However, the ceftizoxime BMD MIC results were 2- to 4-fold lower than those produced by the RAD procedure. Broth disk elution (BDE) tests for both cephalosporins (ceftizoxime and cefoxitin) had very high rates of false-susceptible and false-resistant error when compared to the RAD MICs: the BDE tests are not recommended for either cephalosporin. Findings indicate that because of method and possible medium or technical variability, ceftizoxime MICs should be determined only by the NCCLS RAD method. Also, cefoxitin susceptibility should be assessed primarily by RAD or BMD procedures. This should minimize confusion related to ceftizoxime's spectrum and activity against anaerobic bacteria compared to similar beta-lactam drugs. Ceftizoxime quality control guidelines were established for Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 25285): mode, 64 micrograms/ml, range 32-128 micrograms/ml. Other control strains were not reliable. PMID- 3480790 TI - The Joint Commission looks to the future. PMID- 3480789 TI - Evidence for the presence of protein kinase C in barnacle muscle fibers. AB - 1. The efflux of 22Na from single barnacle muscle fibers poisoned with ouabain (strophanthin G) is found to be very sensitive to the tumor-promoting agent, phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu). 2. Injection or external application of PDBu leads to stimulation of the ouabain-insensitive component of the Na efflux. This response is dose-dependent, the minimal effective concentration being about 10(-8)M. 3. The observed stimulatory response is completely dependent on the presence of external Ca2+. 4. Biochemical studies including immunoblot analysis reveal the presence in barnacle muscle of a protein kinase C with a mol. wt of 80,000, the activity of which is dependent on phosphatidylserine and Ca2+. 5. Taken together, these results support the view that barnacle muscle fibers possess protein kinase C. They also raise the possibility that protein kinase C plays a role in modulating the ouabain-insensitive component of the Na efflux. PMID- 3480791 TI - The use of lipid indicators and indexes for assessment of ischaemic heart disease. AB - The informative value of various lipid indicators and indexes in healthy subjects and in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is compared. In 10 investigated biochemical indicators significant differences were found between healthy people and subjects with epidemiological or clinical signs of IHD. The first places in the order according to Anderson-Bahadur intervals were held by the cholesterol atherogenity index, total cholesterol (CS) and the percent of high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-CS) in total CS. The cholesterol atherogenity index and HDL-CS percent in total CS were closely correlated with the severity of angiographically proved changes in the coronary arteries. PMID- 3480793 TI - Comparative measurement of ovarian carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in the serum of ovarian cancer. AB - Serum ovarian carcinoma antigen (CA 125) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in 36 patients with ovarian cancer, to compare their effects and assess clinical applications. The positive rate of CA 125 was significantly higher than CEA, ie, 72.2% v.s. 33.3% in all types of ovarian cancer, 81.3% v.s. 31.3% in the 32 epithelial cancers, and even more of 100% v.s. 25% in the 16 serous cystadenocarcinoma. The positive rate of CA 125 was also higher than CEA in borderline malignancy and stage-I cancers, a possible indication of its greater usefulness in early diagnosis. CA 125 was also a better marker in monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer than CEA. Combining use of these two markers achieved an even higher positive rate. Therefore it seems useful to utilize them concomitantly in the diagnosis of ovarian cancers. PMID- 3480792 TI - Lack of effect of ofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in rats. AB - Effect of ofloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent, on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in rats in comparison with that of enoxacin and cimetidine. Ofloxacin by pretreatment with five oral doses of 50 mg/kg did not increase serum concentrations of theophylline (5 mg/kg, i.v. single) and showed no significant effect on total body clearance, serum half-life (T1/2) and AUC of theophylline, while enoxacin by the same pretreatment increased significantly serum theophylline concentrations and resulted in significant effect on all the pharmacokinetic parameters. Coadministration of ofloxacin (80 mg/kg, p.o. twice) did not induce a significant effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline at repeated doses (50 mg/kg, i.v., twice daily for 3 days). On the contrary, coadministration of enoxacin and cimetidine at the same dose as ofloxacin remarkably increased serum concentrations of theophylline at the same repeated doses, and caused a significant decrease in clearance and an increase in T1/2 and AUC. The three drugs had no influence on rat serum protein binding of theophylline. Ofloxacin exhibited a weak inhibitory effect on rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases, whereas enoxacin and cimetidine induced a significant inhibition of the enzymes. Thus, it is concluded that ofloxacin has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats, and that enoxacin raises serum theophylline concentrations and results in a significant effect on the theophylline pharmacokinetics by inhibition of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenases in rats. PMID- 3480794 TI - Bivariate flow karyotyping of acute myelocytic leukemia in the BNML rat model. AB - Univariate as well as bivariate flow karyotyping has been performed on chromosome suspensions obtained from the Brown Norway myelocytic leukemia (BNML), a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Flow karyograms were obtained from both the in vivo transplantable parent line and from an in vitro established cell line. Density gradient centrifugation performed on cells arrested in mitosis resulted in an enrichment of mitotic cells. Furthermore, with this procedure leukemic and nonleukemic cells could be separated. Univariate analysis with propididum iodide (PI) as a DNA stain revealed the position of the several tumor specific marker chromosomes in the in vitro cell line. Estimations of the peak position of the various chromosomes was done by comparing the univariate flow karyogram with a computer-simulated karyogram from the BNML that was derived from the mean length of the individual chromosomes in conventionally prepared metaphase slides. By comparing the bivariate flow karyogram of the in vivo BNML cells with the flow karyogram of normal BN cells, it was clearly demonstrated which peaks are involved in the altered chromosomal pattern of the BNML. No differences were found between the flow karyograms of the in vitro- and the ex vivo-derived chromosome suspensions in this rat leukemia model. PMID- 3480795 TI - Cytodiagnosis and monitoring of acute lymphocytic leukemia and eosinophilia in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A case of adult aleukemic leukemia with an isolated CNS relapse diagnosed by cytologic examination of the CSF is reported. CSF hypereosinophilia of uncertain significance was documented. Immunologic marker studies (CALLA, HTA, Tdt) were performed on the CSF and showed a null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Sequential CSF specimens were obtained to determine the continued presence of lymphoblasts. Cytologic monitoring of the CSF in acute leukemia is a useful technique to determine disease status and efficacy of therapy. We advocate the use of cell morphology for monitoring, reserving the use of cell markers for initial identification of malignant cells and for use when the cell morphology is altered. PMID- 3480796 TI - The sensitivity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to ofloxacin. AB - The in vitro antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin, a new fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 165 Gram-negative rods, both fermentative and non fermentative, and against 57 Gram-positive strains (coagulase-positive and negative staphylococci both methicillin-resistant and -susceptible, and Streptococcus faecalis). Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by using the macrodilution test and the activity was compared with nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftazidime and gentamicin for Gram negative rods; norfloxacin and gentamicin for Staphylococcus strains; and norfloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin and gentamicin for enterococci. Ofloxacin inhibited all fermentative Gram-negative bacteria tested, in a range of 0.05-3.12 mcg/ml, and had good antimicrobial activity against non-fermentative Gram negative strains: it inhibited 90% of Acinetobacter and 80% of P. aeruginosa tested, at 3.12 mcg/ml. Ofloxacin had a high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus and Enterococcus strains tested. PMID- 3480797 TI - Upstream regions of the hamster desmin and vimentin genes regulate expression during in vitro myogenesis. AB - Varying lengths of the hamster desmin and vimentin promoter regions were fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase gene. These constructs were transfected into two different myogenic cell lines, T984 and C2C12. In both cell lines an increase in endogenous desmin expression takes place upon myogenesis. A region between -89 and +25 bp relative to the desmin transcription initiation site directs high-level tissue- and stage-specific expression upon in vitro myogenesis. At the myoblast stage, C2C12 cells appeared to express both desmin and vimentin, whereas in T984 myoblasts only vimentin expression was detected. Although vimentin is expressed during all stages of myogenesis, a strong decrease in vimentin expression occurs during differentiation of C2C12 cells. Vimentin- CAT constructs followed the endogenous expression pattern, showing that this down regulation is mediated by 5' flanking sequences. Vimentin promoter activity is modulated by at least two separate regions, both in myogenic and in non-myogenic cell lines. PMID- 3480799 TI - Evaluation of histamine induced acute inflammation by 67Ga-citrate in conscious rats. AB - Radioactivity of 67Ga in the paw edema and the edema rate were measured after subcutaneous injection of histamine into the paw of the conscious rat. The radioactivity increased almost parallel with the edema rate following the injection of histamine. The increase in the radioactivity and edema were almost completely prevented by pretreatment with a 10 mg/kg dose of chlorpheniramine, an antihistaminic agent. A good correlation between the edema rate and the radioactivity was demonstrated. These results suggest that 67Ga-citrate is useful for monitoring the process of acute inflammation in the pharmacological evaluation of anti inflammatory drugs. Moreover, there is also a possibility that 67Ga-citrate may be useful in measuring vascular permeability. PMID- 3480798 TI - The estrogen-responsive element as an inducible enhancer: DNA sequence requirements and conversion to a glucocorticoid-responsive element. AB - The estrogen-responsive element (ERE) present in the 5'-flanking region of the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin (vit) gene B1 has been characterized by transient expression analysis of chimeric vit-tk-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) gene constructs transfected into the human estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cell line. The vit B1 ERE behaves like an inducible enhancer, since it is able to confer estrogen inducibility to the heterologous HSV thymidine kinase (tk) promoter in a relative position- and orientation-independent manner. In this assay, the minimal B1 ERE is 33 bp long and consists of two 13 bp imperfect palindromic elements both of which are required for the enhancer activity. A third imperfect palindromic element is present further upstream within the 5'-flanking region of the gene but is unable to confer hormone responsiveness by itself. Similarly, neither element forming the B1 ERE can alone confer estrogen inducibility to the tk promoter. However, in combinations of two, all three imperfect palindromes can act cooperatively to form a functional ERE. In contrast a single 13 bp perfect palindromic element, GGTCACTGTGACC, such as the one found upstream of the vit gene A2, is itself sufficient to act as a fully active ERE. Single point mutations within this element abolish estrogen inducibility, while a defined combination of two mutations converts this ERE into a glucocorticoid-responsive element. PMID- 3480800 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and schizophrenia--a myth that refuses to die? AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined using kynuramine as a substrate in a group of schizophrenic patients (n = 107), a group of healthy individuals (n = 100), and a group of psychiatric patients who were neither schizophrenics nor alcoholics (n = 110). No significant difference emerged between the schizophrenics and the other two groups, while a significant reduction in platelet MAO activity in a group of alcoholics (n = 60) was confirmed. Breaking down the schizophrenic group according to course of illness, phenomenology (paranoid-hallucinatory or not) and drug use did not lead to a significant deviation in platelet MAO activity in any of these subgroups. It can also be demonstrated from the literature that the results reached by most research teams question the usefulness of platelet MAO activity as a genetic marker for psychiatric illness. PMID- 3480801 TI - Effect of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and prostaglandin E2 on spermatogenesis in mature dogs. AB - The effect of the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor, diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), and of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on spermatogenesis in mature dogs has been studied. Diclofenac sodium at 2.0 mg/kg was given subcutaneously once a day for 42 days. The testes were biopsied every 7 days, and spermatogenesis was quantified showing a marked and statistically significant increase (p less than 0.001). Administration of PGE2 in doses of 2.0 mg/kg subcutaneously, once a day for 15 days, produced a marked and statistically significant decrease in spermatogenesis (p less than 0.001), and an increase in the numbers of exfoliated immature germ cells in the seminiferous tubule lumens. PMID- 3480802 TI - Evaluation of a totally implanted venous access port and portable pump in a continuous chemotherapy infusion schedule on an outpatient basis. AB - In this study we evaluated the feasibility of a totally implanted vascular access port (VAP) and portable infusion pump for cytostatic drug administration on an outpatient basis, in a 21-day continuous infusion schedule with 4-epidoxorubicin (phase I and phase II study) and mitoxantrone (phase I study). Patients were instructed to dissolve their own drugs at home. Fifty patients were treated with 114 cycles (2394 infusion days). The complication rate was low. In one patient thrombosis of the subclavian and superior caval vein resulted in the termination of treatment. One patient developed pulmonary embolism during treatment. Needle dislocation was observed in two patients. No septicaemia and no irreversible catheter occlusion were seen. Pump functioning was efficient and pump arrest (9 X) never lasted longer than 24 h. We conclude that a VAP and portable pump are a safe and reliable route of administration for cytostatic drugs on an outpatient basis and that patients are capable of preparing their own drugs at home without increase of complications. PMID- 3480804 TI - Steady-state levels of pefloxacin and its metabolites in patients with severe renal impairment. AB - Twenty patients (aged 26-70 years) with severely impaired renal function received pefloxacin twice daily for 5 days as 12 mg.kg-1 administered as a 1 h i.v. infusion, or 800 mg administered as tablets. On Day 5 the minimal and maximal plasma concentrations were 5.9 and 11.5 mg.l-1 respectively, after oral administration. The steady-state level of the N-desmethyl metabolite ranged from 0.9 (infusion) to 1.2 mg.l-1 (oral route), and that of the N-oxide metabolite ranged from 6.2 (infusion) to 9.0 mg.l-1 (oral route). The minimal concentration of unchanged drug was related to the age of the patients (infusion), but the N oxide concentration was influenced by the degree of renal impairment (both routes). The pefloxacin levels were similar to those achieved in healthy subjects, but reduced renal function leads accumulation of its biotransformation products, especially of the N-oxide metabolite which lacks antibacterial activity. PMID- 3480803 TI - Idarubicin in combination with etoposide and cytarabine in adult untreated acute non lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Thirty-one unselected patients with untreated acute non lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) ranging in age from 15 to 76 years received two courses of a new high-dose induction regimen consisting of idarubicin, etoposide and cytarabine. Patients who entered complete remission (CR) were then allocated to post-remission intensification (PRI). Patients under 40 years of age with a HLA-compatible donor were given bone marrow transplantation (BMT); those without an HLA identical donor received either autologous BMT (ABMT) or no subsequent therapy. Twenty-five out of 31 patients (80.6%) achieved CR (93.3% in young and 68.7% in old patients) and 14 (56%) after the first cycle. Six patients (five out six greater than 40 years) died of cerebral hemorrhage and/or infection during the induction phase and four additional patients (three elderly) died on the PRI for the same cause without recurrent disease. Eleven out 25 patients are disease-free survivors 2-34 months (median 10 months) after achievement of CR. In conclusion, this intensive chemotherapy regimen is effective both in young and older patients but the post remission intensification is too aggressive in elderly patients. PMID- 3480805 TI - Oral pharmacokinetics and ascitic fluid penetration of pefloxacin in cirrhosis. AB - Plasma and ascitic fluid concentrations of pefloxacin in 10 cirrhotic patients and 8 healthy volunteers were determined following administration of a single oral dose of 400 mg. The mean elimination half-life was significantly increased in the patients (29.0 h) compared to in 8 healthy volunteers (12.3 h). In patients, the total plasma clearance (2.71 vs 6.85 l/h) and volume of distribution (1.12 vs 1.67 l/kg) were decreased. Estimated by the ratio of the AUC in peritoneal fluid and plasma, ascitic fluid penetration was 68% after one oral dose, and pronounced accumulation of pefloxacin in ascites was found after repeated doses. Oral pefloxacin would seem to be a convenient and useful treatment of spontaneous, gram-negative, bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. However, the decreased hepatic metabolism of the drug leads to a marked accumulation in plasma and ascites after repeated doses, and a reduced dose is required in these patients. PMID- 3480806 TI - Renal effects of nadolol in cirrhosis. AB - The effects of nadolol on renal haemodynamics and function, and on the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system and on renal prostaglandin production were studied in eighteen cirrhotics. After 1 month of treatment, nadolol had significantly decreased cardiac output by 25% without affecting arterial pressure, renal plasma flow or renal vascular resistance. Glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction and the proportion of the cardiac output delivered to the kidneys were significantly increased. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was suppressed and urinary PGE2 excretion was slightly increased. The latter effects were not correlated with those on renal haemodynamics and function. PMID- 3480807 TI - Intracerebroventricular infusion of inhibitors of endopeptidase-24.11 ('enkephalinase') increases the spontaneous firing frequency of an identifiable set of cells in the substantia nigra. AB - The effect of inhibitors of the membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase-24.11 ('enkephalinase') on the activity of electrophysiologically identifiable neurons in the substantia nigra is described. Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic cells were examined. Cells were classified by their responses to striatal stimulation. Only those cells in which the stimulation evoked excitation (alone or mixed with inhibition) responded to the inhibitors. Those cells in which the evoked response was only inhibition did not respond to the drugs. Infusion of 1 mumol of N-[1 (R,S)-carboxy-2-phenyl-ethyl]Phe-pAB (CPAB), 1 or 2 mumol of N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-3 phenylpropyl]Phe-pAB (CPPAB) into the lateral ventricle produced statistically significant increases (pre- to post-drug treatment) in the spontaneous activity of cells exhibiting excitatory evoked responses: average increases were 33.3%. The increase in spontaneous activity reached an apparent maximum 20 min after the end of the infusion. The increased firing frequency was shown to result from the inhibition of the enzyme, rather than a non-specific effect, as the infusion of 2 mumol of N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-2-phenyl-ethyl]Leu-pAB, an inhibitor structurally related to CPAB and CPPAB yet two orders of magnitude less potent, was without effect on the activity of nigral neurons. The inhibition of the enzyme by 1 mumol CPAB was verified through in vitro assay. We hypothesize that inhibition of the enzyme enhances peptide-modulated (tachykinin and/or enkephalin) excitation in select neurons of the substantia nigra. PMID- 3480809 TI - Respiratory tract secretions. Proceedings of an international workshop. Killarney, Eire, 10-12 April 1985. PMID- 3480808 TI - Clonidine displacing substance is biologically active on smooth muscle. AB - A substance has been isolated from brain which potently inhibits the binding of clonidine to brain membranes (clonidine displacing substance, CDS). We sought to determine if CDS is biologically active on smooth muscle. CDS had no effect on vascular smooth muscle. In contrast, CDS potently contracted rat gastric fundus strips in a dose dependent manner. The contractile effect of CDS was not blocked by antagonists selective for biologically active substances known to contract the fundus strip. These results demonstrate that CDS has a unique and potent ability to selectively contract smooth muscle. PMID- 3480810 TI - In vitro restructuring effect of human airway immunoglobulins A and lysozyme on airway secretions. AB - The in vitro effects of different pure proteins: IgA, IgM and human airway lysozyme (HAL) on rheological and transport properties of airway secretions from patients with chronic bronchitis, were studied. The proteins were added to the reconstituted sputum samples in concentrations within the range present in sputa (IgA: 4% HAL: 1% and IgM: 0.5%). A significant (p less than 0.05) positive increase in apparent viscosity and in elastic modulus was observed after adding IgA or HAL. This suggests that these two secretory proteins contribute to the viscoelastic properties of airway secretions and may act as restructuring molecules. After protein overload of the sputum samples, opposite changes in mucociliary transport rate were observed according to whether the initial values of protein concentration and rheology were abnormally low or high. These results suggest that, as for mucus rheology, there is an intermediate range of IgA and HAL optimal for mucociliary transport rate. PMID- 3480812 TI - Phasic flow mechanisms of mucus clearance. AB - Excessive bronchial secretions within the airways can be transported by two-phase gas-liquid flow with airflow rates encountered during normal tidal breathing. The transport speed of secretions with this mechanism is as effective as the mucus clearance rate in normal subjects. The thickness of bronchial secretions required to effect two-phase gas-liquid flow is about 10% of the airways diameter which is not an unusual situation for patients who have bronchial hypersecretion. Periodic airflow as encountered in normal breathing is more effective than continuous flow in moving secretions in one direction or another. However, to propel the secretions toward the larynx, expiratory airflow velocity should be higher than inspiratory airflow velocity. This pattern can be achieved by imposing a controlled pattern of mechanical ventilation and is also probably the basis for the "huffing manoeuvre" taught by chest physiotherapists to clear airway secretions. Increased elasticity and decreased viscosity of secretions promote higher transport rates by two-phase gas-liquid flow. Conditions for two-phase gas liquid flow during tidal breathing can be met at the 8th to 9th generation of the airways. PMID- 3480813 TI - Role of mucus viscoelasticity in clearance by cough. AB - We examined the relationship between mucus rheology, depth of mucus layer, and clearance by simulated cough. A model trachea constructed of rigid plexiglass was lined with mucus simulants--borate-crosslinked locust bean gum gels. Their viscoelastic properties were determined by magnetic rheometry and expressed as mechanical impedance (dynamic stress/strain ratio or vectorial sum of elasticity and viscosity) and loss tangent (viscosity/elasticity ratio). Cough was simulated by opening a solenoid valve connecting the model trachea to a pressurized tank, using an upstream flow-constrictive element to shape the flow profile to approximate the pattern seen in a normal adult. Mucus clearance was quantitated by observing the movement of contrasting marker particles placed in the mucus layer. The median particle displacement per cough manoeuvre was defined as the clearance index, C.I. We found that C.I., for any initial depth of mucus, increased with the driving pressure in the tank. For a given driving pressure, C.I. increased linearly with increasing mucus depth. For a given driving pressure and depth, C.I. decreased with increasing mechanical impedance of mucus. At constant mechanical impedance, C.I. increased with increasing loss tangent. Mucus clearance was associated with transient wave formation in the lining layer. Thus the dependence on viscoelasticity is consistent with the observations that airflow-mucus interaction and wave formation are impeded by elasticity. The clearance vs. loss tangent relationship for cough is opposite to that found for ciliary clearance, suggesting a natural balance in viscosity and elasticity for mucus to be cleared by both mechanisms. PMID- 3480811 TI - Mucus clearance from peripheral airways. AB - Mucociliary clearance data obtained with 5 microns radioaerosol particles have been analyzed for asymptomatic young cigarette smokes and non-smokers. The rate and the amount of peripheral zone clearance were both considered in relationship to the overall depth of radioaerosol lung penetration. In the smokers, but not in the non-smokers, the forms of relationship found appeared compatible with prediction based on simple mathematical modelling of aerosol deposition sites within the lung. We suggest that the results found in the non-smokers are attributable to poor mucociliary defence (which is rarely required) of their more distal peripheral airways--due presumably to low levels of cross-linked glycoprotein mucus in these airways--whilst those in the smokers functionally reflect the presence of an increased supply of mucus appropriate for mucociliary transport. PMID- 3480814 TI - Possible conversion of heat into work in the lung. AB - An infra-red thermometer has been used to monitor the surface temperature of double-sided surfactant films and excised sections of rabbit lung parenchymal tissue as their areas are changed by 2:1. The temperature fell upon expansion by 5.43 degrees C for the films and by 2.42 degrees C for the tissue secretions and rose upon compression. Upon removal of surfactant from the tissue sections, temperature changed in the opposite direction. The thermodynamic significance of these findings is discussed as providing a basis by which waste metabolic heat might be re-used in the lungs to provide the "engine" phenomenon previously deduced (1) on the basis of the inversion of the hysteresis between surface tension and area. This contribution to the work of breathing from a surface engine could be vital when there is a delicate balance between work demand and work supply for breathing in certain pathological states, e.g. with RDS. PMID- 3480815 TI - Pathophysiology of bronchial hypersecretion. AB - Density gradient ultracentrifugation has been used to analyse the lavage from the proximal intrapulmonary bronchi of normal human volunteers and of dogs. The secretion from explants of canine trachea and human lobar bronchi has been examined under basal conditions and after stimulation by secretagogues. Mucus from the hypersecretory airways has been obtained from tracheostomized patients and from a canine model of chronic bronchitis produced by exposure to SO2 gas. No macromolecule of density gradient typical of an epithelial glycoprotein was recovered from normal basal secretions: the glycoconjugate recovered was of higher density and has sugars typical of a proteoglycan. The explant produced typical epithelial glycoprotein if stimulated. As volume of secretion increases, macromolecular yield does also, both of epithelial glycoprotein and of a number of lipids that are synthesised by the airway and which are different from alveolar lipids. PMID- 3480816 TI - Role of surfactant in peripheral transport mechanisms. AB - It has been demonstrated that compression and expansion of a monomolecular film lead to a unidirectional transport of particles which are present on this film. Using the same model we could demonstrate that Broncho-Alveolar Lavage fluids from healthy rats also produce a transport of particles in the direction of the compression phase and that lavage fluids from SO2 exposed rats show impaired and even reversed transport properties. In parallel there is a change of the phospholipid pattern in lavage fluid from SO2 exposed animals. The relevance of these observations is discussed for physiological and pathophysiological situations in the lung periphery. PMID- 3480817 TI - Role of surfactant free fatty acids in antimicrobial defenses. AB - Previous studies of the mechanisms of killing of inhaled bacteria have been confined to the demonstration that alveolar macrophages phagocytose and kill inhaled staphylococcus intracellularly. We have found recently th at the surfactant-containing fraction of rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is bactericidal for pneumococci and some other gram-positive bacteria, excluding staphylococci. In studies reviewed herein, we show that these antibacterial factors in rat surfactant are long-chain free fatty acids (FFA). Polyunsaturated FFA appear to be particularly active. Because inhaled pneumococci are cleared very rapidly in vivo in the absence of conventional opsonins, we speculate that FFA may have a role in pneumococcal killing. All species tested to date, including humans, dogs, and guinea pigs have detectable FFA in their surfactant, although the level of FFA in these species is lower than in rats. Human and guinea pig surfactant, in fact, have too little FFA in their pulmonary surfactant to give detectable antipneumococcal activity in vitro. Nonetheless, inhaled pneumococci are killed rapidly by guinea pigs, suggesting that the level of FFA in bronchoalveolar lavage is not a good indication of the amount of FFA on alveolar surfaces, or, alternatively that FFA may not play a role in pneumococcal clearance in vivo. We have recently completed histological studies which demonstrate that inhaled pneumococci are, in fact, killed extracellularly in rats. This observation adds credence to the concept that mechanisms exist in the alveoli for extracellular killing of some bacteria and indicates that further studies of FFA in this process are worthwhile. PMID- 3480818 TI - Lipids in airway secretions. AB - Lipids form a significant portion of airway mucus yet they have not received the same attention that epithelial glycoproteins have. We have analyzed, by thin layer chromatography, lipids present in airway mucus under "normal" and hypersecretory (pathological) conditions. The 'normals' included (1) bronchial lavage obtained from healthy human volunteers and from dogs and (2) secretions produced "in vitro" by human (bronchial) and canine (tracheal) explants. Hypersecretory mucus samples included (1) lavage from dogs made bronchitic by exposure to SO2, (2) bronchial aspirates from acute and chronic tracheostomy patients, (3) sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis and (4) postmortem secretions from patients who died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or from status asthmaticus. Cholesterol was found to be the predominant lipid in 'normal' mucus with lesser amounts of phospholipids. No glycolipids were detected. In the hypersecretory mucus, in addition to neutral and phospholipids, glycolipids were present in appreciable amounts, often the predominant species, suggesting that these may be useful as markers of disease. Radioactive precursors 14C acetate and 14C palmitate were incorporated into lipids secreted "in vitro" by canine tracheal explants indicating that they are synthesised by the airway. PMID- 3480819 TI - Pulmonary surfactant and chronic lung disease. AB - Chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema are two chronic lung diseases closely associated with cigarette smoking. Early pathological changes in the lung in asymptomatic smokers affect the alveoli and bronchioli, sites where surfactant production is centred. Bronchial lavage work has demonstrated a reduction of 'free' extra-cellular surfactant in smokers. In this report the interaction between the 'tar' of tobacco smoke and surfactant is described from in vitro studies. Also using an isolated rat lung model tobacco smoke 'tar' appears to increase lung compliance. These observations may help explain why young asymptomatic cigarette smokers have increased lung compliance and suggest the way in which 'tar' interacts with the lung surface. PMID- 3480820 TI - Surfactant sufficiency for immature infants--prenatal induction vs. postnatal treatment. AB - The prenatal and postnatal therapeutic management of surfactant insufficiency are reviewed. Prenatal maternal glucocorticoid therapy promotes lung maturation and enhances lung surfactant levels in the neonate, but a minimum of 24 hr treatment is required and the therapy is of limited effectiveness even under optimal conditions. Relatively few women in premature labour are good candidates for glucocorticoid therapy. Research into combinations of glucocorticoids with hormones (e.g. thyroid), and adrenergic agents in progress. The authors are studying the effects of fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor (FPF) on the fetal lung surfactant system. Postnatal therapy with insufflated natural and artificial surfactants has been studied in several centres with varying degrees of success. Currently, the risk:benefit ratios favour attempts to reduce the risks of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by both prenatal surfactant induction and postnatal replacement therapy. Greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms should permit the establishment of more satisfactory treatment. PMID- 3480821 TI - The Clara cell: secretory and developmental studies in the rat. AB - Clara cells are non-ciliated epithelial cells located mainly in small conducting airways. They give rise to ciliated cells and are also thought to secrete components of the extracellular layer lining small conducting airways. Using morphometry and electron microscopy we have shown that secretion by Clara cells in rats is stimulated by a beta-adrenergic agent, by prostacyclin and by large tidal volumes. The effect of large tidal volume ventilation breathing on secretion is blocked by indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis), but it is not blocked by cholinergic blockade or by beta- or alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. More recently we have shown that Clara cells in rats are immature at birth, rapidly gain maturity within the first postnatal week and that maternal undernutrition delays the attainment of maturity; glucagon given intraperitoneally to the rat fetus just before term accelerates the attainment of maturity; glucagon given intraperitoneally to the rat fetus just before term accelerates the attainment of maturity. PMID- 3480823 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Work-related Respiratory Disorders among Farmers. 11-16 August 1985, Kuopio, Finland. PMID- 3480822 TI - Cell culture approaches to the investigation of human airway ion transport. AB - Several techniques for the study of human airway epithelial ion transport employing cultured cells were explored. Human nasal epithelial cells were cultured in serum-free, hormone supplemented media. For bioelectric characterization of ion transport functions of cultured cells, cells were inoculated into heterologous grafts, and implanted into immunocompromised mice, or onto collagen membranes maintained in vitro. Cells populating either preparation exhibited a pattern of Na+ and Cl- transport similar to that of freshly excised nasal specimens. Differences between preparations were observed for absolute transport rates, tissue resistance, and morphology. We conclude that (1) cell culture techniques will be useful in investigating ion transport activities of human pulmonary epithelia from normal and abnormal lungs; and (2) the selection of specific culture techniques should be guided by the nature of the epithelial functions tested. PMID- 3480824 TI - Respiratory disorders among Canadian farmers. PMID- 3480825 TI - IgG subclasses in farmer's lung. PMID- 3480826 TI - Respiratory disorders among Icelandic farmers. PMID- 3480828 TI - Methodological aspects of measurement of exposure to mould. PMID- 3480827 TI - Respiratory problems among Swedish farmers, correlation between symptoms and environment. PMID- 3480829 TI - Exposure of farm workers to fungi and actinomycetes while harvesting cereal crops and handling stored grain. PMID- 3480830 TI - Chipped wood as a source of mould exposure. PMID- 3480831 TI - View of the Central Union of Agricultural Producers on research and development of health services for the farming population of Finland. PMID- 3480833 TI - Storage mites in hay in Iceland. PMID- 3480832 TI - Occurrence of allergy to storage mites and IgE antibodies to pollens in a Swedish farming population. PMID- 3480835 TI - Methodological aspects of lung function studies. AB - With several variables, such as patient or subject, disease, surroundings, machine and personnel, it is a wonder that successful epidemiological studies using lung function parameters can be done at all. PMID- 3480834 TI - Endotoxins in poultry production and human lung reactions. PMID- 3480836 TI - Lung function profiles in farmer's lung, asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. PMID- 3480837 TI - [Modified surgical method for the mobilization of the maxilla (U-shaped osteotomy of the palate)]. PMID- 3480838 TI - [Anthropometric characteristics of the craniofacial complex in the Hungarian population]. PMID- 3480839 TI - [Commentary on the article: Changes in the dentition of young men over a period of 10 years, by Eva Zsuzsanna Vass and Laszlo Harsanyi]. PMID- 3480840 TI - Prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppository for induction of labour: an efficient, safe and popular method. AB - Two different methods for induction of labour were randomly used in 100 women with a favourable cervix. The patients were treated with either prostaglandin vaginal suppositories containing 2.5 mg PGE2 in a base of Witepsol S55 (Dynamit Nobel) or intravenous infusion of oxytocin. The PGE2 vaginal suppository was significantly more efficient than the intravenous infusion of oxytocin in relation to the time interval from the start of induction of labour to delivery. Also the percentage of women who delivered within 48 hours (success rate) was higher in the suppository group. Significantly more women in the suppository group found this induction method recommendable. PMID- 3480841 TI - [Comparative characteristics of DNA and DNA-associated plasma proteins in the normal state and in leukemia]. PMID- 3480842 TI - Specific pattern of gene expression during induction of mouse erythroleukemia cells. AB - We have studied the expression of several characterized genes during induction of mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and have observed a specific pattern of changes in transcriptional activity and steady state RNA levels associated with erythroid differentiation. During induction there is a gradual, steady decrease in total transcriptional activity and RNA content per cell, which by day 3 of DMSO treatment amounts to less than 50% of the level in the uninduced cell. During this time we observe increases in transcriptional activity for 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase, carbonic anhydrase form II, and band 3 coordinate with the large increase in beta-globin gene transcription. The results also demonstrate an early decrease in transcription for carbonic anhydrase form I, which precedes decreases in transcription for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and rRNA genes. Changes in steady-state RNA levels reflected changes in transcriptional activity during induction except for carbonic anhydrase II mRNA. These results represent the first report characterizing the regulated expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels of several known genes that are characteristically expressed in the erythrocyte. The results demonstrate that coordinate gene expression in erythroid differentiation occurs primarily at the level of transcription. PMID- 3480843 TI - Contributions of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to the regulation of c-myc expression in mouse erythroleukemia cells. AB - Chemically induced differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells leads to complex changes in c-myc mRNA levels. Within 1-2 hr after the addition of the inducer hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), c-myc mRNA levels decrease 10- to 20 fold and remain low until 12-24 hr, at which time the mRNA reaccumulates to its original level. Thereafter as the cells undergo terminal differentiation, c-myc mRNA again declines to a low level. We have investigated the regulation of these changes by measuring c-myc gene transcription and mRNA turnover. We find that the early rapid decline in c-myc mRNA is due to an increase in the block to elongation of transcription within the c-myc first exon. Effective c-myc transcription is then restored after 2 hr of HMBA treatment to the level present in uninduced cells and is maintained throughout the remainder of the differentiation program. These results demonstrate that, except for the rapid decline in c-myc mRNA immediately following inducer treatment, all subsequent regulation of message levels occurs through post-transcriptional mechanisms. Studies of c-myc mRNA turnover suggest that some post-transcriptional regulation is nuclear. PMID- 3480844 TI - De-Nol stimulates gastric and duodenal alkaline secretion through prostaglandin dependent mechanism. AB - This study was designed to determine the effects of colloidal bismuth subcitrate De-Nol on gastric HCO3- secretion in 24 healthy subjects and on gastric and duodenal HCO3- secretion in dogs with gastric and duodenal fistulae. Alkaline secretion was measured after pretreatment with ranitidine to abolish the H+ secretion using a constant perfusion aspiration system and back titration of the perfusates to the original pH 6.0. Luminal release of PGE2 was also measured in the gastric and duodenal perfusates. Addition of De-Nol in gradually increasing concentrations resulted in step wise increments in gastric HCO3- secretion in man and in dogs reaching, respectively, about 80% and 55% of the maximal HCO3- response to 16, 16dimethyl-PGE2 (dmPGE2). The duodenal HCO3- response to De-Nol in dogs reached 72% of the dmPGE2 maximum. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase in luminal release of PGE2. Pretreatment with atropine reduced basal and in part De-Nol induced alkaline secretion, whereas pirenzepine did not affect this secretion in man and dogs. Aspirin (in man) and indomethacin (in dogs) reduced the release of PGE2 by about 80% and suppressed almost completely the gastric and duodenal HCO3- response to De-Nol in these species. This study provides evidence that De-Nol stimulates gastroduodenal alkaline secretion through a prostaglandin dependent mechanism. PMID- 3480846 TI - 13-cis-retinoic acid and its effect on the liver of the Egyptian toad. PMID- 3480845 TI - [Effect of OU-1308 on uterine motility in pregnant rats and monkeys]. AB - Effect of OU-1308 (17s, 20-dimethyl-6-oxo-prostaglandin E1 methyl ester) on uterine motility in anesthetized rats and monkeys was examined by means of the balloon catheter or open-end catheter method and compared with that of PGF2 alpha. OU-1308 and PGE2 alpha exhibited uterine contractile activity at the dose of 30 micrograms/kg, i.v., on day 8 of pregnancy and 10 micrograms/kg, i.v., on day 20 of pregnancy in rats. In monkeys on day 50 approximately 120 of pregnancy, both compounds enhanced uterine motility at 10 micrograms/kg, i.v. Intragastric administration of OU-1308 at 500 micrograms/kg, however, was without effect in monkeys. These results indicate that when administered intravenously, OU-1308 was as potent as PGF2 alpha in terms of uterine contractile activity in pregnant rats and monkeys. PMID- 3480847 TI - Further evidence for phenotypes and gene frequencies of nine salivary polymorphisms in Japanese population. AB - Nine salivary polymorphic systems (Pa, Pb, Pr, Db, PmF, PIF, Ph, Amy1 and s-AcP) were examined using parotid and whole saliva from random Japanese individuals. The gene frequencies obtained were: Pa+ = 0.221, Pb1 = 1.000 Pr1 = 0.741, Db+ = 0.033, PIF+ = 0.715, Ph+ = 0.029, Amyv1 = 0.013 and s-AcPA = 0.217, respectively. PMID- 3480848 TI - Exclusion of a man charged with murder by DNA fingerprinting. AB - DNA fingerprinting was used to demonstrate that two murder-rapes committed in 1983 and 1986, respectively, were connected. The probability of chance association of the fingerprint was calculated as 5.8 x 10(-8). The man who had been charged with the murder was excluded because his DNA fingerprint did not match sperm DNA fingerprints obtained from swabs and clothing attributed to the two victims. PMID- 3480850 TI - [Orthodontic treatment of the highly infectious patient]. PMID- 3480849 TI - The phenotypic frequencies of group specific component and alpha-2-HS glycoprotein in three ethnic groups. The use of these proteins as racial markers in forensic biology. AB - The phenotypic frequencies of group-specific component (Gc) and alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (A2HS) were determined in White European, Asian and Afro-Caribbean populations. Typical allele frequencies were observed for Gc, with Gc 1S being the major allele for the first two groups and Gc 1F being the major allele for Afro-Caribbeans. For all groups the dominant A2HS allele was A2HS 1, although Asians had a significantly higher proportion of this allele than the White Europeans. Gc and A2HS either singly or in combination with other blood grouping systems provide good discriminating potential. The A2HS 10 allele was detected with a very low frequency in the White European group (A2HS 10 = 0.0013) and was not detected in the Asian group, while the Afro-Caribbean group had a relatively high frequency of this allele (A2HS 10 = 0.0966). The different distribution of the Gc 1F and A2HS 10 alleles in White Europeans and Asians compared with Afro Caribbeans, can be used to determine the likelihood of blood coming from an Afro Caribbean. PMID- 3480851 TI - [Various aspects of a successful treatment with removable appliances]. PMID- 3480852 TI - [Castillo-Morales orofacial regulation therapy method in children with brain lesions]. PMID- 3480853 TI - [Possibilities of the Crozat method--report of results]. PMID- 3480854 TI - [Bioblock treatment of mandibular dysfunction]. PMID- 3480855 TI - [Can measurement of application time motivate the patient to cooperate?]. PMID- 3480856 TI - [Monitoring of orthodontic treatment using individual reaction curves]. PMID- 3480857 TI - [The construction bite--a risk-filled source of error]. PMID- 3480858 TI - [Variations in osseous, dental and somatic development in twins]. PMID- 3480859 TI - [Tooth crowding and plaque development]. PMID- 3480860 TI - [Tertiary mandibular crowding in relation to treatment onset and method]. PMID- 3480861 TI - [The significance of leeway space and of sequential eruption of the lateral teeth for the space relationship in the area of the cuspids and premolars]. PMID- 3480862 TI - [Facial axis angle, mandibular plane, comparison facial angle-diagonal angle]. PMID- 3480864 TI - [Sagittal jaw relations and spinal posture: studies on the problem of correlation]. PMID- 3480863 TI - [Tooth and jaw abnormalities and spinal curvatures]. PMID- 3480866 TI - [Myofunctional therapy]. PMID- 3480865 TI - [Analysis of the attribution of blame in failed therapy of dysgnathia]. PMID- 3480868 TI - [Corneal ulcer caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient with soft contact lenses and on the problem of "sterile" cleaning fluids]. PMID- 3480867 TI - [Relaxation behavior of various elastic straps: determining effect level in clinical circumstances]. PMID- 3480870 TI - Conversion of prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2 alpha by human myometrium. PMID- 3480869 TI - Effect of acute and chronic alcohol feeding on prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in the small intestine of the rat. AB - The effect of acute and chronic alcohol ingestion on the PGE2 synthesis and PGE2 content in the duodenum and ileum was studied in rats. Following a single oral load of 20% alcohol (v/v; 4 g/kg body weight) the synthesis of PGE2 in isolated microsomes from both parts of the small intestine did not differ from that in control rats during the first 8 hours, but was increased significantly after 24 hours. Feeding a liquid diet containing alcohol (37% of total calories) for 1 week led to enhanced PGE2 synthesis in the duodenum. After feeding the diet for 6 and 12 weeks the rate of PGE2 synthesis was significantly reduced in the duodenum (-73% and -55%) and ileum (-34% and -45%) as compared with the control group. The PGE2 content of the tissue was not significantly changed 24 hours after the single alcohol load and after 1 week of feeding the alcohol-containing diet. However, after 6 and 12 weeks' feeding, the PGE2 content was reduced in both parts of the small intestine. The results suggest a biphasic response to alcohol of PGE2 synthesis in the small intestine. The increased rate of PGE2 synthesis in the initial phase might reflect an adaptive response to the injurious effect of alcohol which cannot be maintained after long-term ingestion of alcohol. PMID- 3480871 TI - The value of tumour marker CA 125 in surgical pathology. AB - CA 125 is a tumour marker located primarily on non-mucinous epithelial ovarian tumours and which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC 125. In this study the value of CA 125 in surgical pathology was assessed. In fresh frozen material, the expression of CA 125 was demonstrated in 82% of 83 epithelial ovarian neoplasms using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, all adenocarcinomas of cervix (n = 5) and endometrium (n = 15) tested expressed CA 125, and 25 of 111 (22%) non-gynaecological malignant tumours were positive. The positive cases included 20 breast carcinomas, one carcinoma of the stomach and one of the colon. Using a commercial kit on routinely fixed, paraffin embedded material, CA 125 positivity was demonstrated in 29 of 36 (80%) serous cystadenocarcinomas after pronase pre-treatment of the sections, in contrast to 100% (n = 25) positivity on frozen tissue sections. CA 125 can, therefore, be demonstrated in routinely fixed paraffin embedded material, although the number of positive results is less than in fresh frozen sections. PMID- 3480872 TI - Release of chemicals by prostaglandin-treated female fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, that stimulate male courtship. AB - Intramuscular injection of PGF2 alpha tromethamine salt (Sigma) did not induce sexual behavior in female fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, when in the presence of male conspecific. However, coresident males exhibited an increased frequency of courtship behavior, consisting of approach and leading, to females following PGF2 alpha treatment. When presented with both saline-injected and PGF2 alpha-injected females, males showed increased courtship only to PGF2 alpha treated females. Isolated males also showed increased leading behavior following the introduction of water exposed to PGF2 alpha-treated females, but not with water exposed to PGF2 alpha-treated males, untreated females or males, or PGF2 alpha alone. Hence, PGF2 alpha appears to induce the release of a female-specific chemical in P. promelas that triggers courting behavior in conspecific males. PMID- 3480873 TI - Sheep MHC class II molecules. II. Identification and characterization of four distinct subsets of sheep MHC class II molecules. AB - A panel of seven monoclonal antibodies, sequential immunoprecipitation and two dimensional NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE analyses were used to identify and characterize subsets of sheep MHC class II molecules. Using sequential immunoprecipitation four distinct subsets of class II molecules were identified by the monoclonal antibodies SBU.II 28-1, 37-68, 38-27 and 42-20, while another monoclonal antibody, SBU.II 49-1, recognized all four subsets of class II molecules. These four subpopulations of sheep class II molecules displayed different two dimensional gel profiles and, using splenocytes from four outbred sheep, the class II molecules recognized by SBU.II 28-1, 37-68 and 42-20 showed structurally detectable allelic polymorphism in their beta polypeptides, but no detectable variation in their alpha polypeptides. In contrast, the class II molecules recognized by SBU.II 38-27 showed allelic variation in both their alpha and beta polypeptides. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel analyses of non-glycosylated class II molecules immunoprecipitated by SBU.II 49-1 suggested that approximately 10-12 different class II molecules were expressed by a single sheep. The results of this study show that sheep express class II molecules that can be divided into four structurally and serologically distinct subsets, and provide additional evidence for the subdivision of the sheep MHC class II genetic region into at least three distinct subregions. PMID- 3480875 TI - Changes in the cholinergic system of lymphocytes due to mitogenic stimulation. AB - A significant increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and muscarinic type cholinergic receptor (mAChR) expression was demonstrated in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes as an early response to various stimuli. AChE activity of lymphocytes from T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia patients, and that of leukemic cell lines was enhanced or increased only slightly, in good accordance with their significantly decreased response to mitogenic stimuli. The higher initial AChE activity of cultured leukemic cell lines probably reflects their permanently activated state. AChE activity and mAChR expression in these cases could only be increased by a differentiation-inducing agent. Based on these observations, the possible role of the cholinergic modulation in thymic lymphocyte maturation is assumed. PMID- 3480874 TI - Further evidence against a role for toxic oxygen products as lytic agents in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated in host defense mechanisms against infectious diseases and malignancies, and exert a rapid spontaneous cytolysis of various tumour cells and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization or activation (Herberman & Ortaldo, 1981). Human NK cells are a subpopulation of non adherent, non-phagocytic lymphocytes defined as large granular lymphocytes (Timonen, Ortaldo & Herberman, 1981). NK cells possess a receptor for the Fc region of IgG (Perussia et al., 1984) that enables them to attack antibody-loaded targets, a process called antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The cytotoxic reaction of NK cells can be described as a 'stimulus-secretion' model, divided into three definable steps: binding, triggering for lysis and a killer cell-independent lytic step (Hiserodt, Britvan & Targan, 1982). The killing reaction involves a Ca2+-dependent activation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, activation of the arachidonic acid cascade, release of lysosomal enzymes and a cytotoxic factor(s) (Henkart, 1985) and, possibly, production of reactive oxygen species (Helfand, Werkmeister & Roder, 1982; Roder et al., 1982). The role and involvement of reactive oxygen species is still controversial. To study a possible participation of toxic oxygen species in NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity, we altered target cell anti-oxidant defence mechanisms and measured spontaneous NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity and ADCC reactions against tumour cells. We showed that alteration of target cell anti-oxidant systems had no effect on target cell susceptibility to NK-cell mediated killing. In contrast, the susceptibility of the anti-oxidant-depleted targets to oxygen-dependent polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN)-mediated cytotoxicity was increased. PMID- 3480877 TI - Characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase from multi-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3480876 TI - Lack of reactivity of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) P17/18 antibodies against alpha 1 thymosin and of anti-alpha 1 thymosin monoclonal antibody against P17/18 protein. AB - The blood rate of alpha 1 thymosin is increased during HIV infection, despite the thymus involution. Anti-alpha 1 thymosin antibodies inhibit HIV replication in vitro. A homology between alpha 1 thymosin and the HIV P17/18 core protein exists and would explain a cross-antigenicity. We have studied the interaction between anti P17/18 antibodies from HIV patients and alpha 1 thymosin and between an anti alpha 1 thymosin monoclonal antibody and the P17/18 protein. We were unable to confirm any cross-reactivity. During acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a major involution of the thymus appears with a severe depletion of thymocytes and epithelial cells. Certain thymic functions are missing, as corroborated by the reduction of the hormone thymulin in the blood. At the same time, the blood rate of the 2 other hormones (partly of thymic origin), alpha 1 thymosin and beta 4 thymosin is increased. One of the theories explaining this discordance is that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome produce molecules which have a cross antigenicity with these thymic hormones. Sarin et al. have recorded a 50% homology between the C-terminal part (last 18 aminoacids) of alpha 1 thymosin and the part between the 92nd and the 109th aminoacids of the HIV P17/18 protein. The cross reactivity between this P17/18 protein and alpha 1 thymosin would explain the high rates of alpha 1 thymosin found in the radio-immunoassay of sera from patients infected with HIV. Another result of this cross-reactivity is the ability of alpha 1 thymosin antibodies to inhibit HIV replication in the H9 permissive cell line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480878 TI - Genetic parameters: biologic and epidemiology significance. PMID- 3480880 TI - Note this well. PMID- 3480879 TI - Facemask resuscitation of the newborn. PMID- 3480882 TI - Orthodontic treatment for adult patients. PMID- 3480881 TI - Developing a retirement plan investment portfolio. PMID- 3480883 TI - Home care of the mouth and its significance in orthodontic treatment. PMID- 3480884 TI - Imipenem kinetics in serum, lung tissue and pericardial fluid in patients undergoing thoracotomy. AB - Imipenem serum pharmacokinetics, lung tissue and pericardial fluid concentrations were measured in 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy, following a 1 g intravenous infusion of imipenem-cilastatin. The serum concentrations of imipenem 0.5 h and 4 h after the end of the 40 min infusion were 53.3 (+/- 16.7) and 2.0 (+/- 0.3) mg/l, respectively. The concentration of imipenem in lung tissue at 1 h was lower than in pericardial fluid and at 2.25 h the mean concentration of imipenem in pericardial fluid was 10.5 mg/l, vs. 0.28 mg/kg of lung tissue. Imipenem concentrations in pericardial fluid remained above 5 mg/l, well above the MIC for most pathogens, for 1 h whereas in pericardial fluid the concentration was 10.5 mg/l at 2.25 h. PMID- 3480885 TI - Decrease of caffeine elimination in man during co-administration of 4-quinolones. AB - The single dose pharmacokinetics of caffeine (220-230 mg per dose) were investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers before and during treatment with ofloxacin (200 mg bd), ciprofloxacin (250 mg bd) and enoxacin (400 mg bd) with a cross-over study design. None of the parameters: mean elimination half-life (T1/2el), Cmax, total body clearance (Cltot) and the volume of distribution (aVd) of caffeine were noticeably altered by administration of ofloxacin. Striking changes were observed, however, after administration of enoxacin: the T1/2el was prolonged by as much as 260%, the Cmax increased by 41%; the aVd was reduced by 20% and Cltot by 78% (mean values). Treatment with ciprofloxacin led to a prolongation of T1/2el by 15%, to a decrease of aVd by 25% and to a 33% decrease of Cltot. The results of this intra-individual comparison of caffeine pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that treatment with ciprofloxacin and enoxacin may have a significant inhibitory effect on caffeine elimination. PMID- 3480887 TI - Two case reports of autistic boys developing Tourette's disorder: indications of improvement? PMID- 3480886 TI - Successful treatment of Morganella morganii meningitis with pefloxacin mesylate. PMID- 3480888 TI - Evolution of preleukaemia (myelodysplastic syndrome) into acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3480889 TI - Immobilized arylsulfotransferase. AB - Arylsulfotransferase was stabilized for storage more markedly by covalent immobilization onto DEAE-cellulose or DEAE-Sephadex. The optimal pH, Km for sulfate donor and thermostability of covalently immobilized arylsulfotransferase were similar to those of the free enzyme. Tyrosine-containing peptides such as cholecystokinin-8-nonsulfate, tyrosine methylester and (Leu)enkephalin as acceptor substrates were effectively sulfated by the immobilized enzyme. PMID- 3480890 TI - Purification and characterization of 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Ruminococcus sp. of human intestine. AB - 7 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7 beta-HSD) was produced by Ruminococcus sp. PO1-3 obtained from among human intestinal bacteria. The enzyme was purified from a crude extract by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, Sephadex G-150, Matrex Red A and Octyl-Sepharose chromatographies. The purified enzyme was obtained as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with enzyme activity staining and as one band corresponding to a molecular weight of 30,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On gel filtration, its apparent molecular weight was estimated to be 60,000. The enzyme had a sulfhydryl group(s) in its active site. Substrate specificity studies revealed that the enzyme showed absolute specificity for the beta-configuration of a hydroxyl group at the 7 position of bile acids, and required NADP+ and NADPH as cosubstrates. The Km values for ursodeoxycholic acid, 7-k etolithocholic acid, NADP+, and NADPH were 5.0, 8.5, 7.7, and 24 microM, respectively. PMID- 3480891 TI - PGD2 induces pulmonary hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine in vivo in the guinea pig. AB - 1 A threshold dose of Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) (0.5 microgram/kg i.v.), which did not modify the basal values of airway resistance, potentiated the acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. 2 beta-adrenoreceptors blockade induced by propranolol enhanced the positive interaction between PGD2 and acetylcholine in the pulmonary dynamics. 3 Active sensitization of guinea pigs by ovalbumin increased the pulmonary PGD2-acetylcholine interaction and the phenomenon was sustained during the time. 4 The inability of PGD2 to potentiate histamine-induced bronchoconstriction suggests a specificity for the interaction. PMID- 3480892 TI - Resolution of transducin subunits by chromatography on blue sepharose. AB - The retinal guanine nucleotide-binding protein, transducin (TD), was subjected to chromatography on Blue Sepharose (BLS). A simple two-step protocol was developed, allowing the resolution of the alpha-subunit and the beta gamma-complex of the protein extracted from bovine retina by the use of a poorly hydrolysable GTP analogue. If TD was applied to BLS in a divalent cation-containing buffer, the beta gamma-complex did not bind to the resin, whereas the alpha-subunit was retained; elution of the latter was achieved by removing the divalent cation from the buffer. Binding of the alpha-subunit to BLS was not affected by nucleotides or by ADP ribosylation catalysed by bacterial toxins. However, adsorption of the alpha-subunit by BLS or by a strong cation exchanger (Mono S) depended strictly on divalent cations. In contrast to previous reports, the data suggest the formation of a complex between a sulphonyl residue of Cibacron Blue, a divalent metal ion, and the alpha-subunit as the relevant binding mechanism causing adsorption of the alpha-subunit to BLS. PMID- 3480893 TI - Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography of immune complexes isolated from patients with acute leukaemia. Preliminary observations. PMID- 3480894 TI - Antibiotic- and method-dependent variation in susceptibility testing results of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. AB - The susceptibilities of 36 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group to ceftizoxime, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and metronidazole were determined by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution reference method and a broth microdilution method using anaerobe, brucella, Schaedler, and brain heart infusion broths. MICs that were greater than or equal to fourfold higher or lower than those of the reference method were considered significant. Major and minor discrepancies in susceptibility interpretation (SI) were also noted. Ceftizoxime showed the greatest number of variations and SI discrepancies. In 72% of the cases, MICs in broth were greater than or equal to fourfold lower than those obtained by the reference method, resulting in 33% of the major and 22% of the minor discrepancies in SI. A total of 53% of the isolates were resistant to ceftizoxime by the reference method, but only 11 to 17% were resistant in the various broths. Significant variations in MICs of cefoxitin occurred in 19 to 22% of the isolates; 17 to 19% of the isolates showed major discrepancies and 31 to 58% showed minor discrepancies in SI. A total of 58% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin by the reference method, but only 19 to 28% were resistant in the various broths. Significant variations with clindamycin in broths ranged from 32 to 53% and resulted in 3 to 8% of the isolates showing major discrepancies and 33 to 44% showing minor discrepancies in SI. Metronidazole yielded significant variations in MICs in 6 to 28% of the isolates, but no major or minor SI discrepancies were noted. This study indicates that significant differences in susceptibility results, which appear to be method related, can result when isolates of the B. fragilis group are tested. Therefore, studies correlating in vitro results, determined by various methods, to clinical outcome are essential. PMID- 3480895 TI - Liver infection caused by Coniothyrium fuckelii in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - A case of liver infection caused by Coniothyrium fuckelii is described in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. This fungus is found in the soil and can be a pathogen of plants. Coniothyrium spp. are members of the order Sphaeropsidales, an order composed of fungi whose conidiomata are usually pycnidia with the conidiogenous hymenium lining the walls of the locule. Coniothyrium spp. must be differentiated from Phoma spp. and Hendersonula spp., the two most commonly isolated members of the Sphaeropsidales. PMID- 3480896 TI - Muscle precursor cells invade and repopulate freeze-killed muscles. AB - A problem with the use of muscle grafting as a therapeutic procedure is to produce a graft functionally adequate to replace a muscle of complex architecture, such as a sphincter muscle. We thought it might be possible to use dead cadaver muscles, repopulated by the patient's own muscle precursor cells (mpc), to reconstruct muscles whose anatomy would be imposed by the framework of dead muscle and whose genetic constitution would be determined by the mpc. Here we show, in the mouse, that an extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, killed by repeated freezing and thawing, repopulated with mpc and grafted into a nu/nu or tolerant AKR host mouse, is capable of supporting muscle formation. By using the allotypic isoenzyme forms of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase as markers, we have shown that the newly regenerated muscle in such grafts is derived mainly from the implanted mpc, but also to some extent from the host mouse's own mpc. By 50-70 days after grafting, new muscle fibres were found to constitute up to 70% of the graft. Many fibres had assumed diameters in the normal range for mouse muscle, often having peripherally placed nuclei. These findings raise the possibility of the therapeutic use of such grafts. To our surprise, dead EDL muscle grafts into which no mpc had been implanted were also the site of good muscle regeneration. New-formed muscle in these grafts was shown to be derived entirely from mpc which must have migrated into the graft from the host. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon should further our knowledge of factors which regulate the proliferation and movement of dormant mpc in adult animals. PMID- 3480897 TI - Simultaneous maxillary and nasal reconstruction. An analysis of twenty-five cases. AB - This study measures the changes in nasal morphology which accompany simultaneous rhinoplastic and orthognathic reconstruction. The sample includes 25 patients treated over a four-year period, using either facial degloving access or more limited nasal skeletonization in combination with oral incisions. Midfacial and maxillary procedures were performed, as were mandibular osteotomies, intercurrent to both nasal reduction and augmentation. Radiographic, photographic, and clinical assessment selected for skeletal stability and nasal airflow, followed by nasal dorsum, nasal tip, alar and columellar bases, and labial modifications. The relationships of skeletal to soft tissue movements thus obtained are discussed by way of establishing norms, comparing the two approaches, and integrating recent innovations of both rhinoplastic and orthognathic surgery to this abbreviated mode of anatomic and functional reconstruction. PMID- 3480899 TI - Mucosal island flaps on submucous pedicles. AB - For intraoral reconstruction the author uses island flaps of labial or buccal mucosa vascularized through a randomly-chosen submucous pedicle. The procedure for obtaining this flap is simple; the flaps are safe and they successfully close oronasal communications and defects of the buccal mucosa. PMID- 3480898 TI - The prevention of relapse after maxillary osteotomies in cleft palate patients. AB - The use of segmental osteotomies to treat surgically severe malocclusion in cleft patients is discussed. The coordinated approach by orthodontist and surgeon is advocated and the advantage of such an approach is stressed. The method allows for the simultaneous correction of the skeletal deformity and closure of residual oro-nasal perforation. The relapse tendency in both antero-posterior and transverse dimensions appeared to be minimal as found in this study of 18 patients. PMID- 3480900 TI - Eminectomy associated with redirectioning of the temporal muscle for treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation. AB - Fourteen patients with recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint underwent surgical operation which consisted of Myrhaug's (1951) technique (resection of the articular tubercle and eminence). In 12 of these 14 cases, Myrhaug's technique was associated with redirectioning of the temporal muscle (Ullik and Zenker's (1961) technique). The simultaneous performance of both surgical procedures has been extremely useful in achieving a definite cure of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3480901 TI - A case of cystic lymphangioma extending from the neck to the tongue. Management of the lesion remaining after surgery. AB - A case of cystic lymphangioma in a child is reported. The lesion extended bilaterally from the neck to the tongue. Complete removal of the tumour in the floor of the mouth and the tongue was impossible. Later, swelling in these regions caused dyspnoea. The residual lesion was treated by external irradiation (60 Co total dose of 30 Gy). During a three-year follow-up period, no recurrence of the swelling, respiratory distress, or side-effects of radiation were observed. PMID- 3480902 TI - The intraoral basal cell adenoma. AB - The histological and clinical behaviour of nine intraoral salivary basal cell adenomas is described. Despite problems in classification, this study confirms the impression that these are all benign salivary gland tumours which respond well to localized excision only. PMID- 3480903 TI - The simple central odontogenic fibroma. A case report. AB - A rare case of central odontogenic fibroma - a simple type according to Gardner's classification - is presented. Clinical manifestations and treatment are described. The aetiology and histopathological differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 3480904 TI - Pharmacokinetics of pimozide in adults and children with Tourette's syndrome. AB - Pimozide is a neuroleptic drug with dopamine receptor and calcium channel blocking activity that is used in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of pimozide was made in children and adults with Tourette's syndrome. Seven adults (ages 23-39) and four children (ages 6-13) received a single 2-mg oral dose of pimozide and a minimum of nine blood samples were collected over a four-day period. Mean elimination half-life of pimozide in children was 66 hours compared with 111 hours in adults with Tourette's syndrome. Significant interindividual variability of pimozide pharmacokinetics was found in both adults and children with Tourette's syndrome. The pharmacokinetics of pimozide in patients with Tourette's syndrome differs from that reported in adult populations with chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 3480905 TI - Pyoderma faciale: successful treatment with isotretinoin. PMID- 3480906 TI - Dentine hypersensitivity: the distribution of recession, sensitivity and plaque. PMID- 3480907 TI - An investigation of the accommodation of the tongue to a dental appliance using electropalatography. PMID- 3480908 TI - The retention of self-threading pins embedded in visible light-cured composites. PMID- 3480909 TI - Some mechanical properties of denture-base polymers treated with an ultraviolet light-activated coating material. PMID- 3480911 TI - Extraskeletal soft tissue osteosarcoma. PMID- 3480912 TI - An unusual presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3480910 TI - Surface interactions on hydrogel contact lenses: scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AB - SEM was used to visualize tear-film/hydrogel polymer surface interactions. Lenses were preserved by fixation including a quaternary ammonium complex to aid in mucin preservation. In less than 2 weeks of continuous wear the anterior surface was completely coated, yet the coating was absent from the posterior lens surface. Tear-film break-up over the deposited lens surface, combined with degradation and deformation at the polymer surface boundary, as well as entrapment of moieties within the polymer matrix, all occurred. These are the likely culprits which can contribute to adverse reactions as well as cause light scatter and diminished vision. Lenses removed directly from the eyes of patients suffering with different forms of conjunctivitis were obtained. Bacterial and viral conjunctivitis can induce a microbially contaminated as well as a heavily deformed and deposited lens. Viable and intact microbes were not typically observed in the mucoprotein layer of hydrogel contact lenses. PMID- 3480913 TI - Synergism of leukemic blast growth factors in medium conditioned by human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. AB - Leukemic blast growth factors (LBGFs) are necessary for in vitro growth of clonogenic cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. As the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 had previously been reported to secrete abundant LBGFs into the culture supernatant, the LBGFs in 5637-conditioned medium (5637 CM) were characterized. Measurement of LBGFs was done using an in vitro leukemic blast colony assay in methylcellulose culture. LBGFs in 5637-CM were fractionated by anion exchange chromatography, and two peaks of activity were recovered. Pool B (high-salt eluent) and/or purified granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G CSF) were added to the clonogenic leukemic blast cell assays. It was found that pool B was more active than G-CSF in the majority of cases examined and that the two types of activity were synergistic in some cases. PMID- 3480915 TI - Circulating CA 15.3 levels in breast cancer. Our present experience. AB - CA 15.3 is an antigen expressed by human breast carcinoma cells, and defined by two monoclonal antibodies, 115D8 and DF3. We used IRMA to determine the circulating serum levels of CA 15.3 in 1178 subjects with breast cancer, non breast malignancies, benign diseases and controls. A threshold level of 40 U/ml was established with 140 healthy controls and 650 patients with benign diseases (respectively 0% subjects and 1.5% patients had abnormal antigen levels). Elevated CA 15.3 was found in 12 of 184 patients with malignancies different from breast cancer (6.5%), either epithelial carcinomas with distant metastases, mainly in the liver, or primary liver tumors. Breast cancer patients (n = 204) were analysed by prior therapy, UICC stage and WHO response to therapy. Eight of 134 (5.9%) patients with stage II or III breast cancer at presentation and no evidence of disease (NED) had elevated CA 15.3. All of 22 patients with stage IV breast cancer not responding to therapy (SD and PD) had antigen levels greater than 40 U/ml, as did 10 of 34 (29.4%) stage IV patients in objective response (CR + PR). Three of 14 pretreatment patients had abnormal marker levels, and they later proved to have distant metastases. Serum CA 15.3 values were statistically different (p less than 0.01) in NED (20.6 +/- 11.2 U/ml), CR + PR (33.5 +/- 24.0 U/ml), stable disease (98.8 +/- 50.4 U/ml) and progressive disease (greater than 200 U/ml) breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that circulating CA 15.3 antigen levels agree with the stage of breast cancer and with the response to therapy. PMID- 3480916 TI - CA-125 monitoring during chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. AB - Serum CA-125 was determined in 60 patients with variously extended ovarian cancer and monitored during and after chemotherapy. The study indicates that: 1) prechemotherapy CA-125 shows the presence of an active disease with an accuracy greater than 85%. The antigen is elevated in 97% of patients with greater than 2 cm disease, but sensitivity is low (67%) in patients with minimal residual disease (less than 2 cm); 2) changes in CA-125 correspond well with the response to chemotherapy. CA-125 becomes negative in every patient having clinical CR and increases in every patient with progressive disease. These changes can indicate the type of response some months ahead of time; 3) CA-125 indicates in advance the recurrence of the disease after an objective remission: 4) In the conditions studied CA-125 basal levels do not seem to have prognostic value as regarding either response or survival. PMID- 3480914 TI - The role of a new monoclonal antibody assay in the detection of recurrent breast cancer. AB - The immunoradiometric assay "CA 15-3", recently developed to measure a breast tumor-associated antigen, gave a mean serum value of 13.8 U/ml (S.D. 6.2) for this antigen in 156 non-cancer controls (36 biopsies for a benign breast lesion and 120 healthy controls). Setting a cut-off value of 30 U/ml (specificity 99.3%), only 3 out of 58 primary breast cancer cases were positive. In metastatic breast cancer, 11 out of 33 cases with limited recurrence (33.3%) and 36 out of 56 cases with extensive recurrence (64.3%) gave abnormal values in this assay, above the cut-off point, with an overall sensitivity of 52.8%; the difference between the sensitivity values in the two groups of recurrent cases was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). According to the findings of the present study, CA 15-3 has no role in the detection of primary breast cancer, but its usefulness in disease monitoring can be hypothesized, as circulating levels of the antigen seem to be dependent on the tumor mass. PMID- 3480917 TI - Serum CA 15.3 levels in patients with non-tumoral diseases, and establishment of a threshold for tumoral activity. Results in 1219 patients. PMID- 3480918 TI - [Immunohistochemical identification of prostaglandin-producing cells at the implantation sites in early human pregnancy]. PMID- 3480919 TI - [The effective period of antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetric and gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 3480920 TI - [Analysis of the levels of CA125, CA19-9, and CEA in the cervical mucus helps a diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinomas]. PMID- 3480921 TI - [Injuries to deciduous teeth and their sequelae]. PMID- 3480922 TI - [Influence of transient acceleration on incidence and duration of masseteric silent period]. PMID- 3480923 TI - [Analysis of physical changes in dental enamel by Nd-YAG laser irradiation]. PMID- 3480924 TI - [Longitudinal study on dental health of inhabitants in Western areas of Iriomote Island in Okinawa]. PMID- 3480925 TI - [Measurement of facial form using stereo-photogrammetry system]. PMID- 3480926 TI - Hyodeoxycholate-6-O-glucuronide cannot be quantitated with 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - The reaction of the 6-hydroxylated bile acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and its 6-O glucuronide conjugate with 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was examined. A standard end-point assay and determination of the initial rates of reaction showed only minimal activity of the enzyme toward hyodeoxycholate-6-glucuronide in spite of the presence of a free 3 alpha-hydroxyl group. It was established that 6-hydroxylation itself did not significantly affect the enzyme reaction. It is concluded that the 6-glucuronide either blocks or hinders enzyme access to the 3-hydroxyl group. PMID- 3480927 TI - Pattern of bone marrow regeneration following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. AB - Hematopoietic regeneration following chemotherapy was studied in serial bone marrow biopsy (BMB) specimens from 20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who went into complete remission following therapy. Immediately after intensive chemotherapy, the marrow was extremely hypocellular and edematous and contained widely dilated sinuses. Subsequently, areas of large uniform unilocular fat cells developed from multilocular precursor fat cells. Early aggregates of regenerating hemopoietic cells were seen closely adjacent to bony trabeculae (BT) and appeared to grow out from the endosteum in a sequential progression suggesting an origin from their endosteal progenitors. During the early part of hemopoietic regeneration, individual precursor cells appeared to migrate from these hemopoietic aggregates towards the central intertrabecular marrow space where they formed colonies of various hematopoietic cells in close association with fat and marrow sinusoids. Later, as the normal hemopoiesis was restored due to the gradual enlargement and confluence of these hemopoietic colonies, this characteristic pattern of paratrabecular proliferation and migration of cells became less obvious. These observations suggest that hemopoietic regeneration in AML after therapy is a local phenomenon and is initiated by progenitors of endosteal cells. PMID- 3480929 TI - Acronyms and abbreviations. PMID- 3480928 TI - Medical education. PMID- 3480930 TI - Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and gastroesophageal pressure gradients in excessively obese patients. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the gastroesophageal pressure gradient (GEPG) to lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in normal and in severely obese subjects. Eight lean volunteers with no clinical evidence of gastroesophageal reflux and eight asymptomatic severely obese patients (at least 80% over their ideal weight) underwent esophageal manometric studies with measurements of the LESP and GEPG in both inspiration and expiration. The LESP/GEPG ratio was also calculated in both inspiration and expiration. Acid sensitivity was assessed by means of infusion of 0.1 N HCl subsequent to the baseline motility study. There was no significant difference between the LESP in obese patients (O.P.) and normal subjects (N.Sb.) in either inspiration (mean +/- SEM in mm Hg: N.Sb. = 16.4 +/- 1.6, O.P. = 18.7 +/- 2.5), or expiration (N.Sb. = 16.6 +/- 1.5, O.P. = 20.6 +/- 2.6). However, the GEPG in both inspiration (N.Sb. = 13.3 +/- 1.6, O.P. = 23.1 +/- 2.0; p less than 0.001) and in expiration (N.Sb. = 2.1 +/- 0.5, O.P. = 8.1 +/- 1.1; p less than 0.001) was significantly higher in obese patients than in controls. As a result, the GEPG/LESP ratios were also higher (expiration N.Sb. = 0.15 +/- 0.03, O.P. = 0.46 +/- 0.10; p less than 0.01) in obese patients; and for inspiration (N.Sb. = 0.86 +/- 0.13, O.P. = 1.33 +/- 0.12; p less than 0.01) in the obese patients the ratio was greater than 1. None of the normal subjects exhibited acid sensitivity, but 6 of the 7 obese patients tested developed heartburn during acid infusion. In conclusion, the GEPG/LESP ratio in inspiration was greater than unity for obese patients inspite of normal LESP. Such a change in the ratio could facilitate reflux in obese patients. PMID- 3480931 TI - Treatment of pheochromocytoma with dilevalol. AB - Dilevalol, an alpha- and beta-blocking agent, has been evaluated in two patients with pheochromocytoma. Dilevalol could be a useful agent for the treatment of pheochromocytoma, especially for the adrenaline-dominant type. PMID- 3480932 TI - Studies on the vasoocclusive crisis of sickle cell disease. III. In vitro and in vivo effect of the pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative, RA-233: studies on its mechanism of action. AB - Red cell deformability was found to be impaired in SS- and SC-genotype and to a lesser extent SA-genotype red blood cells as compared with those of AA-genotype. RA-233 in vitro improved deformability according to a bell-shaped dose-response curve. RA-233 also prevented experimental vasoocclusive crisis in Macaca arctoides. Deoxygenation of SS-genotype red cells resulted in sickle shape transformation, ATP depletion, potassium efflux, and attachment of hemoglobin molecules to the membrane. These changes were prevented by RA-233. Suspending SS genotype red blood cells in potassium rich tris-buffer also prevented potassium efflux during deoxygenation and also decreased cellular deformability. RA-233 had no effect on osmotic fragility of SS-genotype red blood cells. PMID- 3480933 TI - Biological and clinical heterogeneity of lupus and lupus-like anticoagulant in fifty-seven patients. AB - A lupus or lupus-like inhibitor was detected in 57 patients: 24 systemic lupus erythematosus, 9 autoimmune diseases, 10 lymphoproliferative disease, 11 miscellaneous diseases and 3 asymptomatic patients. No hemorrhagic diathesis was observed in spite of major surgery. Thromboembolism occurred in 19 patients. Among them, 5 patients had recurrent abortions. An extensive study of coagulation profile compared different assays to investigate lupus-like inhibitor: the most sensitive assay was the partial thromboplastin time performed without activator. When performed with kaolin, it was the only assay detecting the lupus cofactor. Prothrombin time was prolonged in only 53% of the patients. Factors VIII, IX, XI and XII were in the normal range in 40% of the patients. When decreased, apparent deficiencies were usually not detectable on further dilutions of the test samples. In 7 patients factor XII antigen and activity were both decreased, suggesting an apparent factor XII deficiency. No relationship was observed between thromboembolic events, underlying disease or biological pattern. PMID- 3480934 TI - Hematopoiesis on nylon mesh templates. I. Long-term culture of rat bone marrow cells. AB - Rodent hematopoietic cells have been perpetuated in long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC), provided that they were plated onto a pre-established layer of bone marrow stromal cells (fibroblasts, reticular cells, adipocytes, macrophages, etc.). This monolayer-type system supports the self-renewal of murine pluripotent stem cells and produces substantial numbers of progenitors and mature cells of the myeloid lineage. In an effort to increase the growth potential of cells in LTBMC, an adherent matrix of stromal cells was established on a pretreated nylon screen template. Subsequent seeding of hematopoietic cells onto this matrix occurred both on the surface of the adherent layer and in the interstices formed by the developing stromal cells. A three dimensional growth pattern of hematopoietic colonies and clusters was observed. Mature cells and late stage precursors of the myeloid and erythroid series were observed in the non-adherent layer for the duration of the experiment (39 weeks). Cells similar in appearance to small lymphocytes were also seen in both the non-adherent and adherent layers. Cells associated with the adherent layer of this LTBMC system displayed the ability to reconstitute hematopoiesis in the irradiated host. It is suggested that because of its three-dimensional nature the nylon mesh LTBMC system possesses a greater hematologic potential per unit area than monolayer-type LTBMC. PMID- 3480936 TI - Electrophoresis reliability: I. The contaminant issue. AB - The effects of the common contaminants--soil, oil, gasoline, salt, acid, base, bleach, and detergent--on various forensically used genetic marker systems were studied. The predicted effects of the various contaminants on the proteins and the electrophoretic separations agreed with the observed results. A contaminant that affected protein conformation also adversely affected the integrity of the electrophoretic system, thus signalling an anomaly. It also was pointed out that the ideal control study for the effects of contaminants on genetic markers in evidentiary material is often provided to forensic scientists--that is victim's blood on victim's clothing and other substrata. The data presented in this paper support the validity and reliability of electrophoretic analyses of evidentiary material with respect to the contaminant issue. PMID- 3480935 TI - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis due to laryngeal carcinoma in Parkinson's disease. AB - A laryngeal carcinoma presenting as severe dyspnea and stridor due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis was found in a 66-year-old man who had been suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) for twenty years. Although laryngeal carcinoma is a common cause of bilateral vocal cord paralysis, patients with PD have been suspected to have a low cancer incidence, and this may be the first case report. Therapeutics have extended the survival of patients with PD, and the possibility of developing vocal cord paralysis. Thus, it is important for the physician to be aware that this condition may be caused by carcinoma even in PD cases. PMID- 3480937 TI - Distributions of genetic markers in United States populations: III. Serum group systems and hemoglobin variants. AB - All published and unpublished population frequency data that could be located for U.S. populations are tabulated and presented for the serum group systems haptoglobin (alpha-chain), group specific component, and transferrin and for the common beta-chain variants of hemoglobin. Results obtained by combining data for comparable racial/ethnic groups are also presented. Some evidence is presented to indicate that the results obtained from the combined data may give better information on frequencies for the U.S. population at large than is obtainable from studies conducted in restricted geographic areas. PMID- 3480938 TI - Cellular action of MAO inhibitors. AB - Sites of action of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors in the human brain were analyzed by studying the distribution of the respective MAO subtype, MAO-A or -B. Blood brain barrier (BBB), glial cells and neurons of several brain areas were examined with biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Whereas MAO-A was localized in microvessels and neurons of locus ceruleus, MAO-B was present predominantly in neuronal cells of dorsal raphe nucleus. The neurons of substantia nigra revealed no immunohistochemically detectable MAO. Astrocytes expressed both subtypes and were observed in all cortical areas examined and all over the brain stem including medulla reticular formation, pontine reticular formation, reticular formation of mesencephalon, midbrain reticular formation, red nucleus, substantia nigra, caudate nucleus and putamen (sections according to DeArmond et al., 1976). MAO activity in several brain areas seems mostly to be due to astrocytes rather than to neuronal cells. As MAO inhibitors have beneficial effects in the treatment of malfunctions of aminergic transmitter systems (Johnstone and Marsh, 1973; Robinson et al., 1973; Birkmayer et al., 1977; Knoll, 1981; Zarifian, 1984; Riederer and Youdim, 1986) and a large amount of MAO activity seems to be localized in brain astrocytes, the function of glial cells especially with regard to their neuromodulating capacity should be focused in more detailed research in future. PMID- 3480940 TI - Somatosensory, motor and special visual evoked potentials to single and double stimulation in "Parkinson's disease" an early diagnostic test? AB - Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is not yet possible with neurophysiological methods. Therefore we investigated the median somatosensory and visually evoked potentials (SEP and VEP) to single and double stimulation, VEP using a special stimulation technique and motor evoked potentials (MEP) employing spinal and transcranial stimulation. In Parkinson's disease the absolute and relative refractory periods of cortical N1 peak of SEP did not differ from that of normal subjects. After single stimulation the cortical N20 latencies were only in 2 of 17 cases delayed. In 8 of 10 cases central conduction time was normal. Also the SEP peaks of brain stem were normal and there was no correlation between symptomatology and SEP results. The data of motor evoked potentials (MEP) demonstrated in all patients a normal central motor conduction time of 5.0 msec. In 30% of patients the VEP data showed a significant delay of P2 latency, independently of clinical status or age. But there were no more P2 alterations after special visual stimulation techniques. In contrast to a good clinical effect in 14 of 19 patients with end-off-dose akinesia, an improvement of P2 delay could not be noticed during a chronic L-dopa and deprenyl therapy. PMID- 3480939 TI - Monoamine oxidase B inhibition and the "cheese effect". AB - The absence of initiation of "cheese effect" (potentiation of sympathomimetic action of tyramine) by 1-deprenyl (selective monoamine oxidase, MAO-B inhibitor) was regarded to be an intrinsic property of this inhibitor. However, availability of other selective MAO-B inhibitors have clearly shown that this is not the case, since the "cheese effect" is associated with the selective inhibition of MAO-A, the enzyme responsible for intraneuronal oxidation of noradrenaline. Following inhibition of neuronal MAO-A, noradrenaline in the cytoplasmic intraneuronal pool can increase to high levels. Since tyramine releases noradrenaline into the cytoplasm and not by exocytosis, its action is potentiated by inhibition of neuronal MAO-A. PMID- 3480941 TI - Assessment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease by apparative methods. AB - Established clinical scores assessing the severity of Parkinson's disease show high specificity but only low interrater reliability. Using them in therapy control in multicenter studies raises typical problems. We examined the MLS, a motor performance test, in an extended form including assessment of "tapping" regularity for its practicability in therapy control of Parkinson's disease. Assessing a group of right-handed healthy controls we obtained parameters which describe normal motor dexterity by mean values, standard deviations, age relationship and correlation between left and right hand. This method is thus a good tool for estimation of abnormalities in motor dexterity. In therapy control the comparison of results obtained before and after treatment allows a good objective evaluation of the therapeutic success. PMID- 3480942 TI - Tetrabenazine in the treatment of senile vocal tics. PMID- 3480943 TI - Measurement of blood pressure and heart-rate variation while resting supine and standing for the evaluation of autonomic dysfunction. AB - Blood pressure and R-R interval variation were studied during postural changes using a tilting table. The subjects were 64 normal controls and 52 patients with various disorders. None of the normal controls showed postural falls of more than 15 mm Hg in mean blood pressure. The mean loge coefficient of variation of 100 R R intervals was significantly reduced in groups with Parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar degeneration, Shy-Drager syndrome and diabetes mellitus, compared with a normal control group. Reduced heart-rate variation was frequently associated with sphincter disturbance and orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 3480944 TI - Correlations between the dimensions of human teeth, the dental arch and the mandible. PMID- 3480945 TI - The relationship between two separate jaw and orofacial motor cortical areas in the cat. PMID- 3480947 TI - An immunohistochemical study of a lymphoepithelial cyst occurring on the ventral surface of the tongue. PMID- 3480946 TI - A comparative study between clinical and pathological diagnoses using extirpated pulps. PMID- 3480948 TI - Resolution of anorexia and resultant weight gain in nonorganic failure to thrive after domperidone therapy. PMID- 3480949 TI - Cornstarch therapy in a patient with type III glycogen storage disease. AB - A child with type III glycogen storage disease is described. The patient presented with growth failure and hepatic dysfunction, and no clinical or biochemical evidence of myopathy. Institution of high protein nocturnal intragastric feedings was associated with improved growth and less hepatic dysfunction. Compliance with tube feedings was sporadic necessitating another approach to the patient's management. The use of oral cornstarch supplements enabled the child to maintain normoglycemia and was associated with clinical and biochemical improvement. Our experience with this child suggests cornstarch therapy may be useful in those patients with type III glycogen storage disease who suffer primarily from hepatic dysfunction and growth failure. PMID- 3480950 TI - Bacterial invasion in experimental gingivitis in man. AB - Gingival biopsies of the mesial papilla area of the first molar were obtained from each patient at 0-, 14- and 21-day intervals during plaque formation. The biopsies were fixed, serially sectioned, and Gram-stained. The incidence and distribution of the bacteria-like structures were studied by microscopy. In all the specimens the bacterial nature of Gram-stained material was substantiated. In the epithelium the highest number of bacteria was found at the outer layer of marginal oral epithelium, sulcular epithelium and apical oral epithelium along with a decreasing pattern of penetration progressing deeper into the layers of tissue. For junctional epithelium the situation was just the opposite. Each subject had significantly higher counts at Day 21 than at Day 14 for both epithelium and connective tissue. Also significantly higher counts were found in connective tissue compared with epithelium. The higher bacterial density of intragingival bacteria was associated with the higher gingival and plaque indices. This study suggests that early stages of gingival inflammation may be mediated by invasion of bacteria. PMID- 3480952 TI - Plaque removing effect of a convex-shaped brush compared with a conventional flat brush. AB - The plaque-removing effect of a convex-shaped multitufted brush was compared with that of a conventional flat multitufted brush. Two group (five and seven dental students, respectively), well instructed in the modified Bass technique, participated in a blind, splitmouth, crossover study during two consecutive experimental periods of 96 hours of undisturbed plaque growth. After each of these periods, a supervised brushing session was performed, followed by toothpick utilization. Plaque removal was evaluated using the modified Navy Plaque Index (MNPI) and planimetry. A 4% erythrosin solution was used as a disclosing agent. Planimetrically, the flat Oral B brush appeared significantly more effective than the convex shaped Ph brush (P less than 0.001). This superiority was even enhanced after the use of toothpicks (P less than 0.0005). The differences between the brushes, however, were too small to be detected by the less discriminating MNPI. Although it has been claimed that the convex brush could assure approximal plaque control, the results indicate that for the convex shaped, as well as for the flat brush, an approximal aid is essential for good plaque control. The hypothesis that the design of the convex-shaped brush could facilitate the modified Bass technique for the average patient could not be proven in this study. PMID- 3480951 TI - Bacterial penetration of the pocket tissues in juvenile/postjuvenile periodontitis after the presurgical oral hygiene phase. AB - Previous ultrastructural investigations of untreated sites of both adult and juvenile periodontitis have shown bacteria within the periodontal soft tissues. In the present study biopsies of the soft tissue walls of deep pockets from seven patients with juvenile (JP) or postjuvenile periodontitis (PJP) were removed at the end of the presurgical oral hygiene phase of treatment and examined in the transmission electron microscope. Bacteria were sparse, regardless of the level of tissue breakdown, both on the surface and within the superficial layers of the epithelium, deep to the basement membrane and throughout the underlying connective tissue. Of the 140 blocks from 20 biopsies, only two revealed intratissue accumulations of microorganisms. The organisms observed were gram positive or gram-negative and appeared to be exclusively coccoid or rod-shaped. It is suggested that the reduced tissue content of bacteria reflects the establishment of adequate oral hygiene. Evidently either the tissue content of bacteria is less than has been reported previously or the host response is able to cope with residual bacteria that have penetrated the soft tissue. PMID- 3480953 TI - Prostaglandin E2 in tylose gel for cervical ripening before induction of labor. AB - Two hundred seventeen women who received 3 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel applied to the cervix followed by adjunctive oxytocin were compared to 94 patients whose labor was induced with oxytocin alone (OA). Postdatism, pregnancy induced hypertension and rupture of the membranes were the major indications for induction of labor, accounting for 70% of the PGE2 group and 88% of the OA group. Mean initial cervical scores were found to be significantly less favorable among PGE2 patients as compared with OA patients. Though PGE2 was associated with a significant improvement in mean cervical scores, responsiveness of the cervix to PGE2, as determined by clinical examination, was not necessary for a successful induction. Failed inductions were infrequent in both groups. Nulliparous PGE2 patients with unfavorable cervical scores had fewer cesarean sections (CSs) and shorter labors than did their OA counterparts. Complications were uncommon but largely due to the subsequent use of oxytocin. Patients with prior CSs were safely induced following PGE2 cervical ripening. PMID- 3480954 TI - Increased neurogenic inflammation in fibrositis syndrome. AB - Mechanically induced vasodilatation or flare on the skin, known as dermatographia, is a common clinical observation in fibrositis syndrome and is thought to be a neurogenically mediated axon reflex response. In our study, mechanically and chemically induced flares were quantitated in 13 patients with fibrositis syndrome and 14 control subjects. There was a reduced threshold for chemically induced flare response and the area of flare was greater in patients compared to controls, although there was a wide range of responses in both groups. There was also a significant positive correlation between mechanically and chemically induced flares, and the number of tender points in all subjects correlated with the size of the chemically induced flare. We suggest that exaggerated neurogenic inflammatory responses in patients with fibrositis syndrome reflect increased activity of polymodal nociceptors of unmyelinated primary afferent nerves. This increased receptor activity may also contribute to the pain and tenderness experienced by these patients. PMID- 3480955 TI - The application of genetic epidemiology to systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3480956 TI - Primary septic arthritis in heroin users: early diagnosis by radioisotopic imaging and geographic variations in the causative agents. AB - We reviewed 37 cases of septic arthritis in heroin users. Our data confirm the predominance of the fibrocartilaginous joint infections in this group (sacroiliac joint 39%, chondrosternocostal unions 37%). In Spain, Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated organism (73%). This emphasizes the geographic variations in the causative germs since, in contrast to other reports, we have not identified any gram negative bacillary arthritis in our population of heroin users. Our data show that the 67gallium citrate scintigraphy is positive earlier than the 99mTc-MDP bone scan in the poorly vascularized joints (p less than 0.0005). The early localization of the infectious focus by 67gallium citrate scintigraphy followed by a prompt bacteriologic diagnosis (blood, synovial fluid or tissue cultures) allowed good therapeutic results. PMID- 3480957 TI - Malignant melanoma in families of children with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and adrenal cortical carcinoma. AB - Seven cases of malignant melanoma in the close relatives of children with osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are described. The association between certain childhood malignancies (adrenal cortical carcinoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, retinoblastoma) and malignant melanoma is discussed and it is proposed that in certain families malignant melanoma may be another manifestation of the same gene defect which results in susceptibility to tumours characteristic of the SBLA cancer family syndrome. PMID- 3480958 TI - Lack of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from infected to uninfected chimpanzees. AB - Four uninfected chimpanzees were each housed in separate cages with an HIV infected chimpanzee for six to twenty-nine months. Despite close daily contact, all uninoculated chimpanzees remained seronegative for HIV, and virus was never isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the uninfected chimpanzees. These data indicate that the probability of transmission from infected animals to humans is extremely low and also provide supportive evidence for lack of transmission of HIV by casual contact. PMID- 3480960 TI - [A case of successful surgical treatment of rectal cancer complicated by acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. AB - A 47-year-old man, who had been diagnosed as having acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMOL) and had been treated with combination chemotherapy, was admitted to our hospital because he had developed melena. He had been judged to be in complete remission and had shown no signs of recurrence for years, Daunorubicin, vincristine 6-Mercaptopurine and Cyclophosphamide had been administered for maintenance and intensification therapy. He was well until January 1986, when this melena began. A barium enema was given and he was diagnosed as having rectal cancer. Amputation of the rectum and a permanent abdominal colostomy was made safely, mainly because he had been in complete remission, and he recovered normally after the operation. In recent years, the survival of patients with malignancies has improved due to aggressive treatment even in cases of hematological neoplasms. However, the risk of secondary neoplasms in patients treated for cancer has increased. This case suggests that we have to be careful when prescribing treatment for cancer patients, since anti-tumor drugs may have cartinogenic effects. PMID- 3480959 TI - Effects of fish oil on postburn metabolism and immunity. AB - The metabolic effects and immune responses of different levels of fish oil in enteral formulas for postburn nutritional support were studied. Thirty-seven burned guinea pigs with previously placed gastrostomy feeding tubes were given diets containing 5, 15, 30, or 50% of nonprotein calories as fish oil. These diets were isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and contained identical amounts of vitamins and minerals. After 14 days of enteral feeding, there were no significant differences in resting metabolic expenditure, serum transferrin, and albumin levels. Weight loss was significantly greater in groups receiving 30 and 50% of fish oil compared to groups which received 5 and 15% of fish oil. Carcass weights and liver weights of animals in the two groups that received diets with higher lipid content were also significantly lower. Cell-mediated immunity, macrophage bactericidal indices, and opsonic indices were not different among the groups. This study confirms that diets containing lower levels of lipids are more effective for enteral nutritional support than those containing higher levels. In contrast to linoleic acid rich lipid sources, higher levels of fish oil did not show adverse effects on immunity possibly because it contained high concentrations of omega 3 fatty acids which are not precursors of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2. PMID- 3480962 TI - [Leukemic cells and prostaglandins]. PMID- 3480961 TI - [Sialoglycosphingolipid (ganglioside) specific differentiation-markers and differentiation-inducers for human myelogenous leukemia cells]. PMID- 3480963 TI - [A transforming growth factor from human myelogenous leukemic cells]. PMID- 3480964 TI - [Relative sensitivity of acute leukemia cells to methotrexate in vitro and the rescue effects of folates]. PMID- 3480965 TI - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with reactive leukocytosis following bacterial infection: report of a case]. PMID- 3480966 TI - [Acute myeloid leukemia (FAB classification, M2) with translocation t(7;11) (p15;p15)]. PMID- 3480967 TI - [Oral norfloxacin therapy for multiple liver abscesses in acute myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3480968 TI - [Translocation (4;11) (q21; q23) in two acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients under four months of age]. PMID- 3480969 TI - [Gallium deposits in the thymus of children]. PMID- 3480970 TI - [A case of chronic myeloblastic leukemia associated with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice due to leukemic cell infiltration in blast crisis]. PMID- 3480972 TI - [Environmental mycobacteria in Korea--II. Therapeutic effects of ofloxacin against infections due to isolates]. PMID- 3480971 TI - [Therapeutic effect of ofloxacin on 'treatment-failure' pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3480974 TI - Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Nutrition and Metabolism in Renal Disease. Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, 1985. PMID- 3480973 TI - Effects of dietary fish oil on renal insufficiency in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. AB - We studied the effects of fish oil on the progression of renal insufficiency in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. Five weeks after a 1-2/3 nephrectomy, sixteen rats were fed two different diets which differed only in fat composition. Lipid in the control diet was primarily beef tallow; that of the experimental diet, menhaden oil. Fish oil-fed rats had significant increases in plasma creatinines, decreases in urinary PGE2 and accelerated death rates. An additional twelve rats underwent 1-1/3 nephrectomies, and the same dietary manipulations, followed by renal clearance, histologic and biochemical studies after 12 weeks on the diets. Fish oil-fed rats again did worse, with decreased glomerular filtration rates and filtration fractions, more proteinuria and more glomerular sclerosis. Glomeruli and slices of cortex, medulla and papillae from rats fed fish oil produced much less PGE2 and TXB2 than dietary controls. Fish oil-induced suppression of renal PGE2 may be deleterious in this model and may outweigh the beneficial effect derived from TXA2 suppression. In contrast to fish oil's potentially therapeutic role in cardiovascular and immune-mediated renal disease, this diet is detrimental in rat renoprival nephropathy. This illustrates the importance of examining the effects of fatty acid manipulation individually for each disease entity. PMID- 3480976 TI - Glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat: protection by exercise. PMID- 3480975 TI - Influence of insulin resistance and amino acid supply on muscle protein turnover in uremia. PMID- 3480977 TI - Carnitine metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure: effect of L carnitine supplementation. PMID- 3480978 TI - Protein synthesis, cellular amino acids, and energy levels in CAPD patients. AB - Cellular energy-related bioactivities [energy charge = ATP + 0.5 ADP/(ATP + ADP + AMP)], enzyme activities adenylate kinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, free amino acids in plasma and cells, and protein synthesis (3H-leucine incorporation) were measured in granulocytes isolated from peripheral blood of 13 CAPD-treated adult patients. The values were compared with 37 normal adult controls, 29 of whom had complete data for all biochemical parameters. Eleven of the CAPD patients were studied a second time, 3 to 8 months after the first study. Initially, after 20 +/- 8 months of CAPD compared (P less than 0.05, only) to controls, the patients had normal or increased activities of the enzymes pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in contrast to previous results from hemodialyzed patients; but adenylate kinase, ATP, and protein synthesis were reduced. Concentrations of many amino acids in plasma were abnormal, including reduced valine, leucine, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, as noted by others. Histidine, glutamic acid, and citrulline especially were increased. The intracellular concentrations of the essential amino acids were within normal limits, but citrulline, glycine, and taurine levels were markedly increased while glutamic acid and SAGN (serine + asparagine + glutamine) were decreased. With the second study, intracellular energy-related bioactivities and the abnormal concentrations of the amino acids in plasma were essentially unchanged. However, virtually all the intracellular amino acid concentrations were higher. These results also were in striking contrast to previously reported hemodialysis patients in whom the intracellular concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids and methionine as well as protein synthesis were strikingly decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480979 TI - Abnormal fatty acid utilization during prolonged fasting in chronic uremia. PMID- 3480980 TI - Nutritional and metabolic modulation of the carcinogen nitrosodimethylamine in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3480981 TI - Increase of body mass during long-term bicarbonate hemodialysis. PMID- 3480982 TI - Statistical selection of nutritional parameters in hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 3480983 TI - Abnormal amino acid metabolism after amino acid ingestion in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3480985 TI - Sulfur amino acids in maintenance hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3480984 TI - Conversion efficiency of two branched-chain alpha ketoanalogs in normal and uremic rats. PMID- 3480986 TI - Influence of increased plasma ammonium levels on the ratio of plasma to erythrocyte amino acids. PMID- 3480988 TI - Renal and hepatic uptake of biologically active intact parathyroid hormone. PMID- 3480987 TI - Circulating maltose and isomaltose in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3480989 TI - Parathyroid-vitamin D axis in critically ill patients with unexplained hypocalcemia. PMID- 3480990 TI - Role of active oxygen on methylguanidine synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 3480991 TI - Sodium sensitivity and resistance of blood pressure: the role of the kidney and the renin-aldosterone axis. PMID- 3480993 TI - Effects of acute protein loads of different sources on glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3480992 TI - Ca2+ defects in experimental hypertension: SHR's renal response to chronic infusion of human PTH (1-34). PMID- 3480995 TI - No rise in glomerular filtration rate after protein loading in cirrhotics. PMID- 3480994 TI - Effects of an oral protein load on glomerular filtration rate in patients with solitary kidneys. PMID- 3480996 TI - Factors affecting progression of renal failure in patients on long-term dietary protein restriction. PMID- 3480997 TI - Possible role of the thick ascending limb and of the urine concentrating mechanism in the protein-induced increase in GFR and kidney mass. AB - The mechanisms by which high protein intake increases filtration rate and kidney hypertrophy in health and may be detrimental to the kidney in chronic renal failure are not well understood. We studied the kidneys of Sprague Dawley rats fed high (HP) and low (LP) isocaloric protein diets (32% and 10% casein, respectively) for 4 weeks. HP induced significant increases in kidney mass, GFR, and maximum urine concentrating ability (UMax). Kidney hypertrophy was characterized by (1) a selective increase in thickness of the inner stripe of the outer medulla (IS, +54%, P less than 0.001) while total kidney height (from cortex to papillary tip) increased only by 18%; (2) a considerable hypertrophy of the thick ascending limbs (TAL) in the IS (+43% epithelium volume/unit tubular length) but not in the outer stripe nor in the cortex; and (3), an increase in heterogeneity of glomerular volume between superficial and deep nephrons (P less than 0.05). these morphologic changes parallel those we previously reported in rats fed a normal protein diet (25% casein) but in which the operation of the urine concentrating mechanism was chronically stimulated by ADH infusion or by reduction in water intake. In contrast, normal kidney growth with age or kidney hypertrophy induced by uninephrectomy were not accompanied by preferential enlargement of IS structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3480998 TI - Protein diet and uremic toxicity: myth or reality? PMID- 3480999 TI - Dietary protein prior to renal ischemia and postischemic kidney function. PMID- 3481000 TI - Seroconversion rate, hepatitis B vaccination, hemodialysis, and zinc supplementation. PMID- 3481001 TI - [Ocular findings in leukemia in childhood]. AB - Primary and therapy-induced ocular manifestations of leukemia in 25 of 103 children suffering from the disease (60 patients with ALL, eight with AML, two with CML, 33 with NHL) were kept under observation for an average period of five years. The lens was involved in 10%, the retina in 9%, the optic nerve in 7%, and the orbit in 4% of these cases. The present authors' findings concurred with those published in the literature to date, in that they could not find a pathognomonic combination or a specific frequency of ocular symptoms related to one of the four types of leukemia. PMID- 3481003 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of generalized tic (Tourette syndrome)]. PMID- 3481002 TI - [Aseptic bone necroses as a late complication following successful treatment of leukemias and severe aplastic anemia]. AB - Aseptic bone necrosis is a well known complication after corticosteroid treatment in adults and several hundred cases have been reported. Alterations in fat metabolism with vascular occlusion due to fat embolization, as well as microtraumata and osteoporosis are discussed as etiologic factors. In contrast, aseptic bone necrosis in relation to corticosteroid treatment is rare in children and adolescents. We therefore report 3 patients, aged from 10 to 18 years, suffering from severe aplastic anemia, meningeal relapse after acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia respectively, who developed aseptic bone necrosis 6, 11, and 20 months following the onset of corticoid therapy. The patients survive from 28+ to 50+ months after diagnosis of their initial hematologic disease, as it can be expected today for increasing numbers of patients. We therefore believe, that aseptic bone necrosis may represent a serious therapy related complication and suggest that, diagnostic examination in patients with suspicious complaints of the hip, shoulder or knee should also exclude the possibility of a bone necrosis after leucemic relapse has been ruled out. Since radiological changes only develop several weeks to months after the onset of the clinical symptoms and because of the disabling consequences for patients, misdiagnosed at the beginning, a 99 technetium bone scan should be done as early as possible. Corticosteroids, despite their serious side effects are still being considered as a important part of hematologic therapy and are not being omitted in the near future, so that the earliest possible diagnosis of bone necrosis will remain of great importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3481004 TI - [Resistance of the mucous membrane of the duodenum in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 3481005 TI - [Tumor markers in ovarian cancer]. PMID- 3481006 TI - Correlates of longevity in two strains of the housefly, Musca domestica. AB - The general objective of this study was to identify biochemical correlates of longevity in the housefly by comparing two strains of flies that have different longevities. The average and the maximum life spans of the longer-lived "Cambridge" strain flies were 46% and 23%, respectively, greater than the shorter lived "Thuron" strain flies. The hypothesis that longer-lived organisms have relatively more efficient mechanisms to minimize oxidative stress and maintain a relatively more reduced redox potential was tested. All measurements were made on 8-day-old male flies maintained under identical conditions. Flies of the longer lived strain had a lower metabolic rate and contained lesser amounts of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid-reactants than the flies of the shorter-lived strain. Reduced glutathione concentration and activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and thioltransferase were higher in the longer-lived strain indicating that longer lived flies manifest lower levels of oxidative stress and greater ability to maintain a relatively more reducing environment than the shorter-lived flies. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was similar in the two strains, but the SOD/metabolic rate ratio was higher in the longer-lived strain. Total activity of glutathione S-transferases was comparable in the two strains suggesting that differences in detoxification ability are not correlated with longevity. Only S glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was greater in the shorter-lived strain suggesting that variation in longevity is not due to reduction in the ability to synthesize GSH. Overall, the results support the view that parameters associated with oxidative stress play a role in the aging process of the houseflies. PMID- 3481007 TI - [Serum expression of human immunodeficiency virus antigen(s) in persons at risk. Evidence of disappearance of HIV-Ag during the developmental course of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3481008 TI - [Surgical tactics in malignant bone tumors]. AB - In treating bone sarcomas two principles apply: 1) Oncologically radical removal of the tumor. 2) Maximum functional preservation and/or restoration of the extremity. Modern chemotherapy has clearly improved the prognosis for some sarcomas (e.g. osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma), justifying even extensive surgery and lengthy rehabilitation. Primary malignant bone tumors are fairly rare. To optimize therapeutical results, supraregional and interdisciplinary treatment centers have to be established. PMID- 3481009 TI - [Pre- and postoperative chemotherapy in bone and soft tissue tumors]. AB - Adjuvant chemotherapy is efficacious in Ewing's sarcoma, and in osteosarcoma most data support its beneficial effect. There is evidence to suggest efficacy of adjuvant treatment in high-grade malignant soft tissue sarcomas. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used as prediction for the efficacy of further adjuvant chemotherapy and may facilitate resection in osteosarcoma. PMID- 3481010 TI - [Primary and secondary chest wall tumors--diagnosis, therapy and results]. AB - In a retrospective study 51 patients who underwent chest wall resection for malignant chest wall tumors were reviewed. There were 28 male and 23 female patients with ages ranging from 6 to 76 years (average 50). 34 patients had primary malignant neoplasms (including breast and lung) 17 had metastatic tumors. The tumor was located in the ribs in 45 patients and in the sternum in 6. Reconstruction was with prosthetic material in 16 patients and further plastic reconstruction in 10. Aggressive resection for malignant chest wall tumors and reliable reconstruction can be performed safely, and early wide resection proved to be a potentially curative treatment for primary neoplasms. PMID- 3481011 TI - [Bell's palsy as the initial symptom of HIV infection]. AB - 60% of all HIV-infected patients develop neurological deficits during the course of their disease. The facial paralysis of a 47 year old man which presented as a Bell's palsy is nevertheless an unusual first symptom of HIV infection. PMID- 3481012 TI - The effect of ten phenazine-derivatives in comparison to clofazimine on the production of prostaglandin E2 by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 3481013 TI - An automated DNA synthesizer employing deoxynucleoside 3'-phosphoramidites. PMID- 3481014 TI - Molecular mechanics and dynamics in protein design. PMID- 3481015 TI - The use of structural profiles and parametric sequence comparison in the rational design of polypeptides. PMID- 3481016 TI - Mutagenesis with degenerate oligonucleotides: an efficient method for saturating a defined DNA region with base pair substitutions. PMID- 3481017 TI - Collagen and fibronectin synthesis by trisomic and triploid fibroblasts from human spontaneous abortuses. AB - Collagen and fibronectin synthesis by trisomic and triploid fibroblasts derived from human spontaneous abortuses was studied. It was demonstrated that the level of fibronectin and collagen production in fibroblasts with trisomy 7, trisomy 9, and triploidy was reduced as compared with diploid cells. A correlation between this observation and an increased rate of intracellular 14C-procollagen degradation was also established for the anomalous strains. No difference in hydroxylation of 14C-proline residues in alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) collagen chains and no fluctuation in the collagen type (I): type III ratio was found in the strains with the abnormal karyotypes. It was concluded that differentiation of the abnormal fibroblasts was impaired. The data also favour the hypothesis that the deficiency of the fibroblasts in producing proteins may account for a variety of anatomic abnormalities of embryos. PMID- 3481018 TI - Mapping of the ras1 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The ras1 gene, an oncogene homologue, is known to be essential for recognition of the mating pheromone and hence for conjugation but not for vegetative growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. To facilitate further characterization and genetic manipulation of this gene, we have mapped it by using S. pombe strains which carry the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEU2 gene inserted next to ras1 on the chromosome. Crosses with tester strains revealed that ras1 is tightly linked to pro2 on chromosome I. Furthermore, we have shown that ras1 is allelic with ste5, one of the sterility genes described by O. Girgsdies. The map position previously reported for ste5 eventually turned out to be false. PMID- 3481019 TI - A genetic map of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. AB - Complementation tests among Phycomyces auxotrophic strains revealed the existence of four genes with mutants requiring riboflavin, three genes with purine auxotrophs, two with nicotinic acid auxotrophs, and two with lysine auxotrophs. A total of 134 sexual crosses between strains carrying mutations affecting phototropism (madA-madE), carotenoid biosynthesis (carA), auxotrophy (ribA-ribD, purA-purC, lysA and lysB, nicA and nicB, and leuA) and resistance to 5 fluorouracil (furA and furB) were studied; mating type (sex) was also included as a marker. The results from random spore analysis, tetrad analysis, and gene centromere distances shows that these markers are distributed into 11 linkage groups. PMID- 3481020 TI - Molecular structure of the replication origin of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens plasmid pFTB14. AB - The structure of a 1.5-kb DNA sequence that is necessary and sufficient for the replication of an 8.2-kb cryptic plasmid, pFTB14, isolated from a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been characterized. The 1.5-kb DNA sequence contains an open reading frame, rep, stretching for 1017 bp, a promoter region for rep expression, and a possible replication origin for the plasmid upstream of the promoter. The rep product is trans-active and essential for plasmid replication. The predicted rep protein is a basic protein, as are the RepC protein of pT181, RepB of pUB110 and protein A of pC194 (all these found in staphylococci) and the pi protein of the R6K plasmid of Escherichia coli. The predicted rep protein has highly homologous amino acid sequences with protein A of pC194 and RepB of pUB110 throughout the protein molecule, but not with RepC of pT181, pi of R6K or protein RepH encoded by and initiating the replication of pC194. PMID- 3481021 TI - Variable copy number DNA sequences in rice. AB - We have cloned two types of variable copy number DNA sequences from the rice embryo genome. One of these sequences, which was cloned in pRB301, was amplified about 50-fold during callus formation and diminished in copy number to the embryonic level during regeneration. The other clone, named pRB401, showed the reciprocal pattern. The copy numbers of both sequences were changed even in the early developmental stage and eliminated from nuclear DNA along with growth of the plant. Sequencing analysis of the pRB301 insert revealed some open reading frames and direct repeat structures, but corresponding sequences were not identified in the EMBL and LASL DNA databases. Sequencing of the nuclear genomic fragment cloned in pRB401 revealed the presence of the 3'rps12-rps7 region of rice chloroplast DNA. Our observations suggest that during callus formation (dedifferentiation), regeneration and the growth process the copy numbers of some DNA sequences are variable and that nuclear integrated chloroplast DNA acts as a variable copy number sequence in the rice genome. Based on data showing a common sequence in mitochondria and chloroplast DNA of maize (Stern and Lonsdale 1982) and that the rps12 gene of tobacco chloroplast DNA is a divided gene (Torazawa et al. 1986), it is suggested that the sequence on the inverted repeat structure of chloroplast DNA may have the character of a movable genetic element. PMID- 3481022 TI - Six chloroplast genes (ndhA-F) homologous to human mitochondrial genes encoding components of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase are actively expressed: determination of the splice sites in ndhA and ndhB pre-mRNAs. AB - Sequences (ndhA-F) homologous to human mitochondrial genes for components of the respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase have been found in the chloroplast DNA of tobacco. The ndhA, D, E and F sequences corresponding to the mitochondrial URF1, 4, 4L and 5 are located in the small single copy region, the ndhB sequence corresponding to URF2 in the inverted repeat and the ndhC sequence corresponding to URF3 in the large single copy region of the chloroplast DNA. Northern blot hybridization revealed that all six ndh sequences are actively expressed in the chloroplasts. The ndhA and ndhB sequences contain single introns and the splice sites of their pre-mRNAs were determined by reverse transcription analysis. These findings suggest that potential components of an NADH dehydrogenase are synthesized in the chloroplasts. PMID- 3481024 TI - Cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phosphate synthase: sequence analysis and manipulation to obtain glyphosate tolerant plants. AB - 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs), the target of the herbicide glyphosate, catalyzes an essential step in the shikimate pathway common to aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. We have cloned an EPSP synthase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana by hybridization with a petunia cDNA probe. The Arabidopsis gene is highly homologous to the petunia gene within the mature enzyme but is only 23% homologous in the chloroplast transit peptide portion. The Arabidopsis gene contains seven introns in exactly the same positions as those in the petunia gene. The introns are, however, significantly smaller in the Arabidopsis gene. This reduction accounts for the significantly smaller size of the gene as compared to the petunia gene. We have fused the gene to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S promoter and reintroduced the chimeric gene into Arabidopsis. The resultant overproduction of EPSPs leads to glyphosate tolerance in transformed callus and plants. PMID- 3481023 TI - The cytoplasmic ribosomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: characterization of antibiotic sensitivity and cycloheximide-resistant mutants. AB - In vitro protein synthesis was used to characterize the antibiotic sensitivity of cytoplasmic ribosomes from wild-type and antibiotic-resistant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cytoplasmic ribosomes from two cycloheximide-resistant mutants, act-1 and act-2, were resistant to the antibiotic in vitro. The alteration effected by the act-1 mutation, which was dominant in diploids, was localized to the large subunit of the cytoplasmic ribosomes, but no ribosomal protein alterations were detected using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The act-2 mutation, which was semidominant in diploids, was frequently associated with a charge alteration in the large subunit ribosomal protein (r-protein) cyL38 that segregated independently from the antibiotic-resistant phenotype in crosses. PMID- 3481025 TI - Transformation of Aspergillus oryzae using the A. niger pyrG gene. AB - A transformation system for Aspergillus oryzae based on the orotidine-5' phosphate decarboxylase gene (pyrG) was developed. Transformation frequencies of up to 16 transformants per microgram of DNA were obtained with the vector pAB4-1, which carries the pyrG gene of A. niger. Southern blotting analysis showed that vector DNA sequences were integrated into the chromosomal DNA, in various copy numbers and presumably at different sites. Efficient cotransformation of an unselectable gene was also shown. Under the conditions used no transformants were obtained with the equivalent pyr4 gene of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 3481026 TI - Strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe with a disrupted swi1 gene still show some mating-type switching. AB - The swi1+ gene is necessary for effective mating-type (MT) switching in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It was cloned on a 4.2 kb genomic DNA fragment. By site-directed integration into the genome and gene disruption experiments it was proved that the swi1+ gene itself and not a suppressor had been isolated. Disruption of the swi1+ gene causes a phenotype identical to that of the original swi1 mutant, i.e. the strain still shows some MT switching. The swi1 gene is unique in the genome and gives rise to a 3 kb mRNA. PMID- 3481028 TI - [Clinical significance of molecular genetic markers in malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 3481029 TI - [Macroscopic anatomy of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3481027 TI - Differential and temporal expression of the vitellogenin genes in Drosophila grimshawi. AB - The three vitellogenin transcripts from Drosophila grimshawi have an average size of 1,600 nucleotides as determined using denaturing electrophoretic conditions. Southern analysis showed that the large quantity of vitellogenin mRNAs in adult female fat body cells is not a reflection of specific gene amplification. The quantitative differences in mRNA accumulation between fat body and follicle cells, which are in concert with the onset of their translation, indicate that vitellogenin synthesis entails the regulated expression of individual genes. The expression of the vitellogenin genes during follicle development is stage specific: V1 and V2 expression starts at late stage 7, while V3 is delayed by one stage. Maximum transcription of all three genes occurs at stage 10 whereas at stage 12 none of the transcripts is present. These results suggest that, either there is more than one regulatory signal, or there is one to which each gene reacts differently. Surprisingly, in male fat body cells a V2 transcript has been detected which is also present in the poly(A)+RNA fraction: the function and the purpose of this particular vitellogenin mRNA in male fat body cells are unknown. Neither of the other two vitellogenin transcripts have been detected in male fat body cells. PMID- 3481030 TI - [Microscopic anatomy of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3481031 TI - [Radical neck dissection in neoplasms of the oral cavity and cervicofacial area. Analysis of a case load]. PMID- 3481032 TI - [Postoperative radiological and tomographic results with regard to the maxillary sinus operated on by a new method of antro-oral drainage]. PMID- 3481033 TI - [Statistical assessment of 85 patients with condylar fractures]. PMID- 3481034 TI - [Kinesiography and electromyography in bilateral condylar fractures. Remarks on 8 cases]. PMID- 3481035 TI - [Clinical contribution to the use of josamycin in dentistry]. PMID- 3481036 TI - Expression of a gene for mouse eucaryotic elongation factor Tu during murine erythroleukemic cell differentiation. AB - The eucaryotic elongation factor Tu (eEF-Tu) is a single polypeptide with an approximate Mr of 53,000. During protein synthesis eEF-Tu promotes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. To study the expression of the gene(s) for this factor, a genomic clone was isolated that contains a mouse eEF-Tu gene. We screened a phage genomic library with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe complementary to a region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Artemia sp. eEF-Tu genes which codes for an area that is highly conserved between both yeast and Artemia sp. eEF-Tu. From approximately 75,000 phage plaques we obtained five isolates with apparently identical inserts. All five clones contained a 3.8 kilobase EcoRI fragment that hybridized to additional oligonucleotide probes corresponding to different conserved regions of eEF-Tu. We sequenced the 5' end of one genomic clone and determined the length of the cloned fragment that was protected by eEF-Tu mRNA in S1 nuclease protection assays. A quantitative S1 nuclease protection assay was used to compare the relative steady-state levels of eEF-Tu mRNA in total mRNA in total RNA isolated from hexamethylene-bisacetamide induced murine erythroleukemia cells. The results show a dramatic reduction in the steady-state level of eEF-Tu mRNA as differentiation proceeds. A similar reduction in transcription of eEF-Tu mRNA was observed in isolated nuclei. Finally, we examined the in vivo synthesis of eEF-Tu during differentiation and found that it declined in a manner parallel to the decline in the steady-state level of eEF-Tu mRNA. In addition, we have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone for mouse eEF-Tu. The derived amino acid sequence is compared with sequences from other eucaryotes. PMID- 3481039 TI - High-dose methotrexate in osteosarcoma--Mayo Clinic studies. AB - While high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is active against some osteosarcomas, its efficacy as a single agent in the treatment of metastatic disease has not been uniformly demonstrated. Furthermore, the results of a limited randomized study comparing HDMTX-vincristine with observation alone as primary adjuvant treatment do not support the thesis that HDMTX has been an essential factor in the recently improved control of primary osteosarcoma. Despite this uncertainty concerning the specific contribution of methotrexate to these results, multidrug regimens containing this agent do appear to improve the prognosis of patients with primary osteosarcoma. Regimens which exclude HDMTX reasonably may be studied in the adjuvant treatment of primary osteosarcoma. PMID- 3481040 TI - Clinical pharmacodynamic studies of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - As the intensity of cancer chemotherapy has been reported to influence clinical response for several drug-sensitive cancers, we have investigated the relation between systemic exposure to high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) and clinical response in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). A total of 108 consecutive, previously untreated children with "standard-intermediate risk" ALL were randomized to receive postinduction therapy with HDMTX (1000 mg/m2 iv over 24 hours weekly for 3 weeks, then every 6 weeks for 72 weeks), superimposed on conventional therapy with low-dose 6-mercaptopurine (6MP; 50 mg/m2 orally per day) and methotrexate (MTX; 25 mg/m2 orally per week). The systemic clearance of HDMTX ranged from 40 to 131 ml/minute/m2 among these patients, yielding MTX steady-state plasma concentrations (Cpss) ranging from 9.3 to 25.4 microM during the infusion. The group of patients (n = 59) with median MTX Cpss less than 16 microM during the HDMTX infusion had a higher probability of having any relapse than patients (n = 49) with MTX Cpss greater than 16 microM (P less than 0.05). In a previously reported univariate analysis, patients with MTX Cpss less than or equal to 16 microM were 3.2 times more likely to relapse on therapy (P = 0.01) and 6.9 times more likely to have a hematologic relapse on therapy (P = 0.001). Multivariate and stepwise Cox's regression analyses indicated that MTX Cpss retains its prognostic importance even when other prognostic variables (i.e., DNA Index, WBC, hemoglobin) are considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3481038 TI - Transient acute hepatotoxicity of high-dose methotrexate therapy during childhood. AB - Serial liver-enzyme determinations were performed on 36 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were randomized to receive either conventional intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) therapy with cranial irradiation, or an investigational high-dose MTX regimen consisting of 10 courses of 33,600 mg/m2 over 24 hours, with high-dose leucovorin rescue. Both groups of patients received intermittent low-dose oral MTX during maintenance therapy. Serum transaminase elevations in the group of conventionally treated patients were infrequent and moderate in severity (less than 300 IU/liter). In the investigational group, however, the majority of patients had severe, acute increases in SGPT (greater than 300 IU/liter), with peaks up to 1000 to 2000 IU/liter. The incidence and severity of acute transaminasemia were directly proportional to the number of high-dose MTX courses received: courses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 caused transaminase elevations in 31%, 50%, 50%, 73%, 100%, and 100% of courses, respectively, and 0%, 14%, 20%, 44%, 55%, and 92%, respectively, were over 300 IU/liter. Patients in both treatment groups developed a pattern of increasing serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations after initiation of low-dose oral MTX therapy; isoenzyme analysis indicated that this effect was osseous rather than hepatic. Serum bilirubin was rarely elevated. Transaminases returned to normal within 1 to 2 weeks after each high-dose MTX treatment, and with follow-up for as long as 7 years, no patient has developed clinical evidence of residual liver disease, after 3 years of high-dose MTX therapy and multiple other antileukemia drugs. The acute hypertransaminasemia frequently observed after high-dose MTX therapy is transient and reversible, and, in children, does not appear to result in chronic liver disease. PMID- 3481041 TI - Methodology for the rational development of methotrexate analogs in the clinic. AB - This paper suggests a development plan for antifolate analogs, based upon disease classifications that the National Cancer Institute has successfully utilized for the development of anthracycline and platinum analogs. Diseases are classified according to the role of the parent compound in standard therapy: 1) those in which methotrexate is an important component of standard treatment strategies that have state-of-the-art effectiveness; 2) those in which methotrexate has antitumor activity but no clear role in standard state-of-the-art treatment strategies; and 3) those in which methotrexate has insufficient activity to warrant its use alone or in combination. Developmental plans are specified for each of these disease classes. Trimetrexate is used as a specific example for these plans, although this method of drug development is equally applicable to other methotrexate analogs. PMID- 3481037 TI - Expression of transfected vimentin genes in differentiating murine erythroleukemia cells reveals divergent cis-acting regulation of avian and mammalian vimentin sequences. AB - We studied the expression of transfected chicken and hamster vimentin genes in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. MEL cells normally repress the levels of endogenous mouse vimentin mRNA during inducermediated differentiation, resulting in a subsequent loss of vimentin filaments. Expression of vimentin in differentiating MEL cells reflects the disappearance of vimentin filaments during mammalian erythropoiesis in vivo. In contrast, chicken erythroid cells express high levels of vimentin mRNA and vimentin filaments during terminal differentiation. We demonstrate here that chicken vimentin mRNA levels increase significantly in differentiating transfected MEL cells, whereas similarly transfected hamster vimentin genes are negatively regulated. In conjunction with in vitro nuclear run-on transcription experiments, these results suggest that the difference in vimentin expression in avian and mammalian erythropoiesis is due to a divergence of cis-linked vimentin sequences that are responsible for transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of vimentin gene expression. Transfected chicken vimentin genes produce functional vimentin protein and stable vimentin filaments during MEL cell differentiation, further demonstrating that the accumulation of vimentin filaments is determined by the abundance of newly synthesized vimentin. PMID- 3481043 TI - [Clinical limits of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome]. PMID- 3481042 TI - Enhancement of neutral metalloproteinase in the dermis after one topical application of tumor-promoting phorbol ester. AB - The effect of a tumor-promoting skin mitogen, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) on the induction of matrix degradation in the dermis of mouse skin has been examined. Dermis specimens were analyzed for proteoglycan content and neutral proteoglycan degrading activity. Total neutral metalloproteinase activity (latent plus active forms), determined by direct tissue assay, was significantly elevated in TPA-treated dermis than in control dermis. The active form of neutral metalloproteinase was significantly higher in TPA-treated dermis than in control dermis. Serine protease activity on proteoglycans was much lower than that of metalloproteinase. The increase in the total and active neutral metalloproteinase supports the hypothesis that these enzymes are involved in matrix degradation which is related to tumor promotion. PMID- 3481044 TI - Chloroma of cerebellum, tentorium and occipital bone in acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3481045 TI - 25 ways to avoid malpractice suits. PMID- 3481046 TI - Discovery of hospital committee reports. PMID- 3481047 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of alcohol dependence. PMID- 3481048 TI - Major urologic surgery in the patient with hemophilia A. PMID- 3481049 TI - Organized medicine's "cover-up"--Balderdash! PMID- 3481050 TI - Sleep deprivation in physician training. PMID- 3481052 TI - Cancer screening and prevention. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of New York City physicians. PMID- 3481051 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3481053 TI - Lacunes: the pervasive strokes. PMID- 3481054 TI - Amebic liver abscess without obvious risk factors. PMID- 3481055 TI - Koplik spots and echo 9 virus. PMID- 3481056 TI - Limb salvage with sarcomas. PMID- 3481057 TI - Measles rash. PMID- 3481058 TI - Tuberculosis and AIDS: guidelines for management of mycobacterial infections in people with HIV infections. PMID- 3481059 TI - Changing patterns in cause specific mortality. PMID- 3481060 TI - Attention that the Federal Trade Commission is giving to the dental profession. PMID- 3481061 TI - Salivary Gland Center established at Columbia University. PMID- 3481062 TI - Access to patient information: the Public Health Law. PMID- 3481063 TI - CA-19-9 and CEA in the differential diagnosis of isolated liver metastases compared to clinical laboratory tests. PMID- 3481064 TI - DNA changes during blastic transformation in chronic granulocytic leukemia. AB - Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene mapping were undertaken in 10 patients during both chronic and blastic phases of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Twenty percent were shown to undergo lymphoblastic transformation. DNA changes did not predict blastic transformation or those who would respond favourably to treatment with vincristine and prednisone. PMID- 3481065 TI - Diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. PMID- 3481066 TI - [Effect of vagotomy, alpha-tocopherol and arachidene on the synthesis of prostaglandins (E, F2alpha), thromboxane and prostacyclin in different areas of the mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal zone in rats with experimental ulcers]. PMID- 3481067 TI - [Mechanisms of allergic reactions to food allergens in children and their relation to antigens of the HLA system]. PMID- 3481068 TI - [The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the association of neoplasms and developmental defects in children]. PMID- 3481069 TI - [Early diagnosis of nephropathies in children based on the analysis of the factors of predisposition to their development]. PMID- 3481070 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in spinocerebellar degenerative diseases (apropos of 8 cases)]. AB - The results of NMR imaging in 8 cases of spinocerebellar degenerative diseases (age 4 to 19 years) are presented. In Friedreich ataxia (5 cases), spinal atrophy was constant and often severe, and was associated with a moderate cerebellar and/or bulbar atrophy in 3 cases. In hereditary spastic paraplegia, the only finding was a mild spinal atrophy in 2 of the 3 cases. PMID- 3481071 TI - Acute bacterial endocarditis due to Hemophilus parainfluenzae. Response to ceftizoxime in an ampicillin-allergic patient. AB - Endocarditis secondary to Hemophilus parainfluenzae is an uncommon entity that appears to be increasing in frequency, perhaps due to improved laboratory isolation techniques. Although controversial, most of the published literature recommends a penicillin, with or without concomitant gentamicin, as definitive therapy. We report the first successful use of the third-generation cephalosporin ceftizoxime in an ampicillin-allergic patient. A 55-year-old white female was hospitalized after 5 days of experiencing fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. A cardiac echocardiogram revealed a large mitral valve vegetation, and the patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin. Two weeks after emergency mitral valve replacement the patient developed spiking fevers and a macular, erythematous rash while receiving ampicillin. Ceftizoxime was initiated and continued to complete a 4-week period of intravenous antibiotics. Follow-up at 14 months showed no further evidence of infection. Ceftizoxime appears efficacious in eradicating H. parainfluenzae in patients allergic to penicillin. PMID- 3481072 TI - Granulocytic sarcoma: a diagnosis to be considered in unusual lymphoma syndromes. AB - A series of 7 patients with granulocytic sarcoma is presented to illustrate its varied clinical picture. In particular, this condition may present with features which suggest a non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The diagnosis will only be made if a high index of suspicion is maintained and special histopathological methods are used. Granulocytic sarcoma should be treated like an acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3481073 TI - Clomiphene citrate in Tourette's syndrome. PMID- 3481074 TI - Cytogenetic studies on three esophageal cancer cell lines established in China. PMID- 3481075 TI - Beta-globin gene regulation in chicken erythroleukemia cells. PMID- 3481076 TI - Tissue and developmental specificity of globin gene promoters: gene expression in human and mouse erythroleukemia and nonerythroid cells. PMID- 3481077 TI - Changes in gene expression during hexamethylene bisacetamide induced erythroleukemia differentiation. AB - HMBA induces MELC to terminal erythroid differentiation. The mechanism of HMBA action is not known. Culture with HMBA causes changes in gene expression which occur during the early "latent period", that is, prior to commitment to terminal differentiation. The inducer causes a decrease in diacylglycerol concentration, a decrease in Ca+2 and a decrease in phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C activity (within 2 hr) (Figure 2). There is an early suppression (within 1-2 hrs) of c-myb and c-myc gene transcription and an increase in c-fos mRNA (within 4 hrs). HMBA-induced commitment to terminal differentiation is detected by 12 hrs and over 95% become committed cells by 48 to 60 hrs. Commitment is associated with persistent suppression of c-myb gene transcription and elevated levels of c fos mRNA whereas the level of c-myc mRNA returns to that of uninduced cells. By 36 to 48 hrs, transcription of alpha 1 and beta maj globin genes is increased 10 to 30 fold, while that of rRNA genes is suppressed. It is not yet clear how the protein products of proto-oncogenes elicit or modify cellular responses. Changes in expression of c-myb, c-myc, c-fos and p53 genes which occur during HMBA induced differentiation, as well as in several other systems, suggest that products of these genes may have a role in regulating expression of multiple genes. One possible application of the established pattern of HMBA-induced modulation of gene expression during MELC differentiation may be in following the effects of cyto-differentiation agents during treatment of cancers. Phase I and Phase II chemical trials have been initiated to evaluate HMBA as a cytodifferentiation agent in human neoplasms (65). For most human tumors, assay for cytologic evidence of induced differentiation is difficult at best. Following the effects of a differentiation inducing agent by determining c-myc, or c-myb, mRNA levels may provide useful indicators of biological activity of HMBA and be a basis for evaluating whether continued administration of the agent is of interest in terms of potential clinical efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3481078 TI - DNAase I nuclease digestion studies of the human zeta globin gene before and after transfer from the K562 cell to the mouse erythroleukemia cell. PMID- 3481080 TI - Regulated expression of human globin genes following transfer with retroviral vectors. AB - We have constructed retroviral vectors containing human globin genes (gamma-beta hybrid gene or beta globin gene) and have transferred these into mouse erythroleukemia cells and obtained regulated expression of human globin mRNA and protein. The level of human globin mRNA production is high (7-40% of endogenous mouse beta major mRNA) and human beta-globin chain production is also relatively high in these cells (see Karlsson et al, 1987, for details). Production of gamma beta hybrid chains in the virally transduced cells is low despite high mRNA levels. This is due to instability of the gamma-beta chain and possibly also because the viral transcript can act as antisense globin RNA and reduce protein production. Some of our globin viruses have a high titer (up to 2 X 10(6) c.f.u./ml) and may be useful in transferring globin genes into bone marrow stem cells. PMID- 3481079 TI - Expression of a human beta globin gene transduced by a retroviral vector in murine erythroleukemia cells. PMID- 3481081 TI - Esophageal mucosal prostaglandin E2 levels in health and in gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - In vivo prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured in esophageal mucosa excised from 9 normal subjects, 11 patients with gastroesophageal reflux without esophagitis (GER) and 8 patients with reflux esophagitis (RE). Severity of GER was quantified by postcibal pH monitoring. A manometric study was also performed. No difference was found in PGE2 levels between healthy mucosa in controls (41.7 +/- 9.3 ng/g of wet tissue, at 15 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)) and healthy mucosa in GER (37.8 +/- 11.2 ng/g) or in RE (34.3 +/- 9.0 ng/l). However, PGE2 levels were significantly enhanced within the inflammatory mucosa in RE (290.4 +/- 45.7 ng/g). No difference was found in basal LES pressure between the 3 groups. These results suggest that PGE2 in the esophagus may be involved in pathogenesis of inflammation. Therefore PGE2 might not have the same cytoprotective function as in stomach or duodenum. No correlation was found between PGE2 levels in the esophagitis lesion or basal LES pressure. These data are not consistent with a possible relationship between LES pressure and the PGE2 content of the distal esophagus. PMID- 3481082 TI - Progesterone and antiprogestins, a comparison of their effect on prostaglandin production by human secretory phase endometrium and decidua. AB - The mechanism by which progesterone inhibits PG production is not clear. In systems using isolated human endometrial fragments, progesterone has been shown to inhibit PG production markedly. We have used such a system to test the action of two antiprogesterone steroids RU486 (Roussell-Uclaf) and ZK98734 (Schering) on isolated human endometrial and decidual tissue, with and without added progesterone. Progesterone (200 nM) reduced PGF2 alpha production by the secretory phase endometrium from 10.9 ng/mg tissue/24 hr to 1.9 ng/mg/24hr on the third day of culture (p less than .01) and this effect was antagonised by the addition of either 200 nM RU486 or 200 nM ZK98734 (6.3 and 7.2 ng/mg/24 hr respectively). The antiprogestins on their own showed a slight inhibitory effect on day 3 and RU486 treatment resulted in a significant (p less than .05) decrease in PG production from control. PGE and the main 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites of E and F were also significantly decreased by progesterone and restored by the antiprogestins. The PG production by decidua increased on days 2 and 3 in response to progesterone + antiprogestins but this was not significant. This data shows that the inhibition of PG production shown by progesterone, acting on secretory phase endometrium cultured as tissue fragments, is reversible by the receptor blocking antiprogestins. PMID- 3481083 TI - Decidualization in the rat: role of leukotrienes and prostaglandins. AB - The role of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) in the induction of decidualization in the rat uterus was investigated. In the hypophysectomized progesterone (P4) primed rat, intraluminal infusion for four days by osmotic minipump, of PGE2 (1 ug/h), LTC4 (10 ng/h) or 0.15M saline (1 ul/h) significantly elevated uterine weight when compared to the noninfused horn: all were equally effective. In contrast, simultaneous infusion of PGE2 and LTC4 produced an increase in uterine weight which was markedly higher than any other conditions and the reaction was elicited along the entire length of the uterine horn. Infusion of PGE2, LTC4, a combination of the two or vehicle, into one uterine horn of day-5 pseudopregnant rats elicited a huge decidual response. Infusion of indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG synthesis, FPL 55712 (FPL), an antagonist of LTs, or a combination of these inhibitors evoked a minimal decidual response. In addition, FPL infused along with PGE2 or LTC4 markedly reduced the response that could be induced by these arachidonate metabolites alone. Furthermore, infusion of indomethacin along with LTC4 resulted in a far smaller response than that obtained with LTC4 alone. These results are interpreted to indicate that there is an interaction between LTs and PGs in the induction of the uterine decidual response. PMID- 3481085 TI - A product from human decidua inhibits prostaglandin production by human amnion. AB - Human decidua was obtained from nonlaboring women after elective cesarean section. Decidua was incubated with media alone for 20 hours and this media (decidual conditioned media) was then incubated with amnion cells in monolayer culture and amnion rings. A 90% decrease in PGE2 production by amnion cells in monolayer culture was demonstrated in the presence of decidual conditioned media when compared to controls. In short term incubations with fresh amnion, decidual conditioned media decreased the production of PGE2 in amnion by greater than 25% of the control rate of production in 17 of 21 experiments. These observations suggest that human decidua produces a factor capable of inhibiting prostaglandin production by amnion. PMID- 3481084 TI - Endometrial prostaglandins in women with abnormal menstrual bleeding. AB - Endogenous prostaglandin (PG) concentrations (6oxo PGF1 alpha, PGE, PGF2 alpha) have been measured by radioimmunoassay in the endometrium of women with objectively assessed menstrual blood loss (MBL). The concentration of PGE and "total" PG (6oxo PGF1 alpha + PGE + PGF2 alpha) was greater in the endometrium of those women with heavy menses (median MBL 152 ml (range 86,432) n = 16) than in those individuals with a normal menstrual loss (MBL 59 ml (18,78) n = 18). The concentrations of PGE and PGF2 alpha were similar in each group, but the concentration of 6oxo PGF1 alpha was significantly less than that of both PGE and PGF2 alpha. In 19 individuals, specimens of endometrium were incubated for 1 and 2 hours in modified 199 medium to assess PG release. There was a direct correlation between endogenous PG content and the production of 6oxo PGF1 alpha, PGE, PGF2 alpha and "total" PG in the first hour, which persisted for the second hour with PGF2 alpha and "total" PG. Endometrial PGs may play a role in the mechanism underlying menstruation; however the observed relationship between the prostanoids and MBL will vary with different experimental methods. PMID- 3481087 TI - Long term observation of micturition by spinal cord transected rabbits. AB - Neurogenic bladder was observed in chronic spinalized animals. Since these animals are difficult to maintain for long periods, there are few reports of systemic study of these preparations. We have recently observed micturition by spinalized rabbits over a period of 4 weeks. In thoracic or lumbar spinalized rabbits, urinary bladder contraction and external urethral sphincter activity were initially recorded from 1-2 days postoperative. Contraction coincided with appearance of hind-limb spasticity. This micturition was the so-called detrusor external urethral sphincter dyssynergy with residual urine. In sacral spinalized rabbits, no micturition reflex, external urethral sphincter activity, or hind limb spasticity were observed and the flaccid state continued for 4 weeks. It is suggested that a segmental micturition reflex pathway exists initially in the rabbit sacral cord, because reappearance of the micturition reflex was extremely quick (1-2 days) compared to that of cats (2-3 weeks). Animal hypnosis enabled immobilization during measurement without anesthetic or decerebration. Chronic spinalized rabbits, which are very intolerant to spinal damage, can be maintained alive by intensive care at and post operation and are useful for systemic study of spinal cord injury. PMID- 3481086 TI - Antiulcer activity of clonidine: lack of effect on gastric prostaglandins. AB - Clonidine and paraaminoclonidine prevented the formation of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in female rats. This protective activity was blocked by coadministration of yohimbine. Therefore, the antiulcer activity of clonidine was due to its peripheral alpha-2 agonistic action. Because indomethacin is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, its ulcerogenic effect has been attributed to a state of prostaglandin (PG) deficiency. We therefore investigated the possibility that the protective effect of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists could be mediated by stimulation of the biosynthesis of PGs in the stomach. However, the results failed to show increased production of PGE2 or 6-keto-PGF1, either in stomach slices in vitro or in the gastric mucosa of rats pretreated with clonidine, whether indomethacin was used or not. It is concluded that the activity of clonidine in preventing indomethacin-induced gastric erosions in rats is probably not related to prostaglandins. PMID- 3481089 TI - Kleine-Levin syndrome after multiple cerebral infarctions. PMID- 3481088 TI - Assessment of dopaminergic function in children and adults: long and brief debrisoquin administration combined with plasma homovanillic acid. PMID- 3481090 TI - Atypical psychosis in Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3481091 TI - Gastroduodenal ulceration following active immunization with prostaglandin E2 in dogs. Role of gastric acid secretion. AB - In this study we present evidence to suggest that gastroduodenal mucosal defects may occur in gastric fistula dogs actively immunized with PGE2-thyroglobulin conjugate. One of four PGE2-immunized dogs developed a chronic pyloroduodenal ulcer with penetration into the pancreas and the other three had endoscopic evidence of gastric and/or duodenal erosions. In contrast, no gastroduodenal mucosal defects were seen in control dogs immunized with thyroglobulin alone. Occurrence of gastroduodenal ulcers or erosions was temporally related to formation of specific antibody to PGE2 suggesting that PGE2 antibody may be responsible for lesion formation. An increase in gastric acid secretion was not observed in PGE2-immunized dogs. Thus, it is likely that mucosal defects occur as a result of an impairment of PGE2-mediated mucosal defense mechanisms. Since gastroduodenal lesions can be visualized by endoscopy, the dog may prove to be useful in studying the role of endogenous PG in ulcer diseases. PMID- 3481092 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxides 21. Covalent binding of levuglandin E2 with proteins. AB - Levuglandin E2 (LGE2), a gamma-ketoaldehyde produced by rearrangement of the prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2 under the aqueous conditions of its biosynthesis, binds covalently with ram seminal vesicle microsomes. Totally synthetic 5,6 ditritio-LGE2 was prepared and used to determine that rapid covalent binding of LGE2 (initially 800 microM) occurs with 6.4 microM bovine serum albumin (greater than 10 equiv within 1 min) which approaches saturation (approximately 16 equiv) after 40 min at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3481093 TI - The eye in acute leukaemia. 1. Dosimetric analysis in cranial radiation prophylaxis. AB - The dose to the ocular lens during standard cranial irradiation prophylaxis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has been studied both in patients and in an anthropomorphic phantom. Doses to the lens depend on patient set-up and in order that this is minimised, a simple immobilisation technique is recommended. Surface thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements seriously underestimate the dose received by the ocular lens. Previous measurements made in a phantom have used a large volume ionisation chamber and therefore the minimum cataractogenic dose of 400 cGy for a fractionated treatment is an underestimate. The exact position of the anterior orbital field margin and thus its distance behind the surface of the eye is also important as regards lens dose. Data from the phantom demonstrate accurately the dose gradient through the eye during standard cranial prophylaxis and may explain the lower incidence of leukaemic relapse in the posterior segment of the eye, and yet explain the persistence of isolated anterior chamber relapses. PMID- 3481094 TI - The eye in acute leukaemia. 2. The management of solitary anterior chamber relapse. AB - Solitary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was diagnosed in the anterior chamber of the eye in five children. In all these cases, pathological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained and there was no other evidence of relapse including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and bone marrow examinations. Each child had one adverse prognostic sign at the initial presentation (high white blood cell count, age or sex). Relapse always occurred soon after completion of maintenance chemotherapy (between one and 4 months), supporting the hypothesis that the eye is a pharmacological sanctuary to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. Radiotherapy to the involved orbit was given with an immediate response in all patients. The details of this treatment are discussed. Four of the five patients later relapsed, one locally and three in bone marrow; the prognosis of solitary ocular relapse therefore appears grave. PMID- 3481095 TI - NATO advanced research workshop report. Recommendations for a scientific approach to safety assurance for environmental introductions of genetically-engineered organisms. Rome, Italy, June 6-10, 1987. PMID- 3481096 TI - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee. Minutes of meeting, February 2, 1987. PMID- 3481097 TI - [Prostaglandin E2 liberation in the synovial fluid induced by organo-iodinated contrast media. Interrelations with the genesis of post-arthrographic pain]. AB - RCM have been observed to cause--during arthrography--the appearance of a slow onset painful symptomatology with the clinical characteristics of a slight and transient acute arthritis. These substances are supposed to set in a production of humoral mediators of inflammation with algogenic action--PGE2 in particular. During arthrography of the knee the release of synovial fluid PGE2 after RCM introduction was studied. Two RCM were compared: meglumine iothalamate and iopamidol. Twenty patients underwent arthrography of the knee: synovial fluid PGE2 concentration was measured both before and 15' after RCM introduction with 125I-RIA method. Results show a significant increase in PGE2 concentration after both iothalamate (p less than 0.0001) and iopamidol (p less than 0.01) - especially in iothalamate--treated patients (p less than 0.01). A physiopathologic mechanism about post-arthrographic pain and, more generally, about RCM toxicity is thus hypothesized. PMID- 3481098 TI - [Do sweetening agents contain too much sodium?]. PMID- 3481099 TI - [Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the study of malignant bone tumors]. PMID- 3481100 TI - [Prevalence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infectious disease markers in blood donors from the city of Puebla]. PMID- 3481101 TI - [Antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population of prostitutes in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico]. PMID- 3481103 TI - Physical aspects of microscopic characterization of materials. Proceedings of the Pfefferkorn Conference, October 2-7, 1986, Brueggen, West Germany. PMID- 3481102 TI - [HLA antigens in Chilean insulin-dependent diabetic patients]. PMID- 3481104 TI - Advanced mercuric iodide detectors for X-ray microanalysis. AB - We first present a brief tutorial on Mercuric Iodide (HgI2) detectors and the intimately related topic of near-room temperature ultralow noise preamplifiers. This provides both a physical basis and technological perspective for the topics to follow. We next describe recent advances in HgI2 applications to x-ray microanalysis, including a space probe Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Synchrotron x-ray detectors, and energy dispersive detector arrays. As a result of this work, individual detectors can now operate stably for long periods in vacuum, detect soft x-rays to the oxygen K edge at 523 eV, or count at rates exceeding 2x10(5)/sec. The detector packages are small, lightweight, and use low power. Preliminary HgI2 detector arrays of 10 elements with 500eV resolution have also been constructed and operate stably. Finally, we discuss expected advances in HgI2 array technology, including improved resolution, vacuum operation, and the development of soft x-ray transparent encapsulants. Array capabilities include: large active areas, high (parallel) count rate capability and spatial sensitivity. We then consider areas of x-ray microanalysis where the application of such arrays would be advantageous, particularly including elemental microanalysis, via x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, in both SEMs and in scanning x-ray microscopes. The necessity of high count rate capability as spatial resolution increases is given particular attention in this connection. Finally, we consider the possibility of Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) studies on square micron sized areas, using detector arrays. PMID- 3481105 TI - The photoelectron x-ray microscope, a possible tool for analytical soft x-ray microscopy. AB - In the soft x-ray region, different techniques have been recently developed which can give images of biological objects at an intermediate resolution between optical and electron microscopes. At these wavelengths, very little sample preparation is required because the image contrast is directly dependent upon the chemical composition of the sample itself and on the x-ray wavelength. X-ray microscopy can be extended to absorption microanalysis with a similar resolution, provided that the basic microscope can work through a large range of wavelengths. The photoelectron x-ray microscope that we are developing at LURE satisfies this condition. Its principle is to make a contact x-ray image of the object on a plane photocathode and then, to magnify the secondary electron image, into which it is converted, by means of an emission electron microscope. In the present state of the art, the expectable detection limit, for element maps of 0.1 micron resolution, would be near 1% in concentration. PMID- 3481106 TI - Sarcomas of the jaw. AB - A retrospective analysis is made of 61 patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of pure sarcomas of the jaw treated between 1950 and 1984. Surgery was the treatment of choice in 41 cases. Biopsy or palliative treatment were undertaken in the remaining patients. Twenty-four cases relapsed before 12 months, and 12 relapsed before 3 years. Twenty-four died before 12 months, nine before 2 years, and three after 2 years. At present there is no evidence of disease in eight patients: three out of 25 fibrosarcomas (one more than 1 year, one more than 13 years, and one more than 14 years), three out of 15 chondrosarcomas (one more than 1 year, one more than 13 years, and one more than 14 years), and two out of 15 osteosarcomas (one more than 18 years). The prognosis is gloomy. However, an early diagnosis and radical surgery contribute to an improvement in the course of the disease. PMID- 3481107 TI - [Current use of prostaglandins E2]. AB - Prostaglandins E2 have been used since 1959 and introduced in France since 1966. Their main indication is to pre-induce labor in order to mature a cervix barely open (below 6) and induce labor. For the pre-inducement, the extra-amniotic route seems most interesting in a gel form at a dose of 0.500 microgram (Gelovect): the gain on the cervical opening is 1 to 2 points and labor is induced in 50 to 60 p. cent of the cases, without any other treatment, by artificial rupture of the membranes. For inducing labor, the venous route may be interesting when the condition of the cervix is less than optimum, especially in premature rupture of the membranes. The effectiveness is comparable to that of pitocin, but 10 times more potent resulting in a much more strict control of its prescription by intravenous route. The doses used are 0.15 to 0.25 microgram per minute to a maximum of 2 micrograms per minute. Intravenous prostaglandins E2 should not be used concomitantly with pitocin. Other local administration routes are less used in France. In the immediate post-partum, prostaglandins E2 are interesting parenterally (2 to 4 micrograms per minute) or in the myometrium in case of severe haemorrhages. In 2nd trimester miscarriages, maturation of the cervix may be used but prostaglandin-like substances, either PGE (Geneprost) or prostaglandins E2-like products are preferred, intramuscularly. PMID- 3481108 TI - [Methods for the evaluation of abnormalities of the bony chin with a view toward surgical correction]. AB - The bony chin is not placed in its position by chance. As with the other skeletal pieces of the face, it is controlled by the major laws of craniofacial morphologic and functional equilibrium. Clinical evaluation of anomalies of position of the bony chin in the three spatial planes is not sufficiently precise, and craniofacial structural and architectural analysis is an essential aid for determining origin of the mental dystopia and surgical remedial means. The aim of the latter is to restore the bony chin to its position of craniofacial equilibrium, the only way to obtain a stable functional result. PMID- 3481109 TI - [Ethmoidofrontal osteoma. Therapeutic approaches]. AB - Two patients with ethmoidofrontal osteoma revealed by neurologic complications were treated by radical removal of osteoma by an endocranial approach with cranialization of frontal sinuses. Therapy varies with the localization of these osteomas. PMID- 3481110 TI - [Kole's operation]. AB - Kole's operation combines segmental alveolar osteotomy of lower incisor-canine region with a reduction mentoplasty. The procedure usually provides a reduction in height of mentum, sometimes with an advancement, and involves ablation of an intermediate bone fragment. Ablation of lower border as described by Kole too frequently results in an esthetically poor chin. Insertions of platysma and digastric muscles are untouched. The inferior segmental osteotomy separates the lower incisor-canine region, which is displaced upwards or upwards and backwards after extraction of premolars, displacement being maintained by interposition of bone detached during mentoplasty. A reduction glossectomy is almost constantly associated. The best indication for Kole's operation is anterior gaps with or without proalveoli. It is often combined with segmental or total surgery to maxilla. Results are generally stable, especially after mentoplasty, but from the dental aspect pulp mortifications are not rare. PMID- 3481111 TI - [Respective indications for free and pedicle flaps of the latissimus dorsi in maxillofacial surgery]. AB - Retrospective analysis of 41 cases of transfer of free and pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of latissimus dorsi for selected or obligatory maxillofacial indications resulted in the review and critical assessment of the different modes of utilization of these flaps. Experience acquired, and continuously updated by new scientific data or a new clinical case, justifies the use of this exceptional technic, which should not be extended to include those cases able to be treated by simpler, more reliable methods. Similarly the fact that this muscle can be transferred using a microsurgical technic cannot enlarge its use beyond that motivated by reasoned medical imperatives. Modalities of preparation of the flap are described and its multiple applications demonstrated using several examples: indications for latissimus dorsi flap in maxillofacial surgery and reasons for performance of micro-anastomotic transfer. PMID- 3481112 TI - [Procedure to follow after postero-anterior traction with Delaire's orthopedic mask in the treatment of class III lesions]. AB - The "Fonctionnal Lingual Elevator" changes the lingual situation and dynamic. The tongue becomes in a higher and forwards situation. This new situation generates biomecanics modifications of the labio-lingual and lingual pharyngal complex which induce secondary structural modifications. PMID- 3481113 TI - [Coral in infra-osseous lesions. Evaluation after 7 years' use]. AB - The coral or madreporaria skeleton is morphologically and chemically very similar to mineral bone. The authors began to experiment with the implantation of selected pieces of coral in the cranial and facial bones of dogs, pigs and monkeys. The obtained true reossification with the wide porous varieties, and a very stable implant with a very good tolerance with the other varieties. Having collected and analysed the first two years results on the animal, we started, in 1981, to use coral implants in corrective surgery of the face by extrapolating in other specific areas, such as periodontology which we believe to be a very promising area of investigation. The filling of the interior bone cavities remains our chief concern; a quick look taken at the available literature on the subject has convinced us of the strong need for grafts in the treatment of bone lesions. We do not propose here a critical or a comparative study of the different materials mentioned: Our goal has been to transmit our finding, based on the importance of madrepore: its wide availability; easy use; economical price; biological qualities; consistent result. PMID- 3481114 TI - [Malignant xanthogranuloma of the cervicofacial region. Optical and ultrastructural morphology. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The 4 cases of malignant xanthogranuloma reported here are peculiar because of their unusual localization in the cervico-facial area and of their good outcome (3 patients are alive without recurrence more than 6 years after chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Besides the histological study, the 4 cases were examined by immunohistochemical methods : vimentin was positive in 20 to 40% of cells and lysozyme in 5 to 15% of cells. In addition, one case was studied by electron microscope which showed the polymorphism of tumoral cells. PMID- 3481115 TI - Prostanoids in jejunal biopsy specimens of celiac children with active disease and on challenge diet. Radioimmunologic evaluation. AB - Prostanoid generation (prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2) in jejunal biopsy specimens from celiac patients was evaluated, comparing celiac patients with celiac patients on challenge diet and controls. Generation of prostaglandin E2 in jejunal specimens from 14 children with active celiac disease was significantly higher (341.8 +/- 82.3 ng/g; mean +/- SEM) than that from 7 celiac patients on gluten challenge diet (69.4 +/- 13.2 ng/g) or 8 normal children (92 +/- 23 ng/g) (p less than 0.05). In contrast, thromboxane B2 generation in jejunal specimens from all three groups did not show any statistically significant variation. Our results indicate that prostaglandin E2 generation is not merely related to the activity of clinical symptoms, since patients receiving gluten challenge had prostaglandin E2 levels that did not differ from those of controls. PMID- 3481118 TI - Computer-aided formulation of physician's reports and storage of ERCP data. AB - In the 2nd Medical Dept. of the Technical University of Munich, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) reports are written with the aid of a computer. The doctor doing the examination enters the ERCP data into screen masks. The data are stored at once in a data bank. This data bank system permits immediate error checks of the variables entered, singly and in combination. Errors can be corrected in a loop. Generating of ERCP reports is controlled by a text file, which contains both control statements and standard phrases. A special program for the document generating was developed by the authors and has been used for 15 years in various applications. PMID- 3481116 TI - Bile salt reflux after cholecystectomy. AB - Gastric bile salt concentrations, the rates of bile salt reflux, gastric emptying, and gastric volume secretion were measured in 9 women with previous cholecystectomy and 13 unoperated female controls. The subjects were studied using a marker technique with gastric intubation both fasting and after gastric instillation of a mixed liquid meal. Cholecystectomy was without effect on gastric emptying and gastric volume secretion. Cholecystectomized patients had increased bile salt reflux rates (1.4 +/- 0.4 versus 0.6 +/- 0.2 mumol/min) and gastric bile concentrations (1753 +/- 266) versus 441 +/- 114 mumol/l) in the fasting state, but lower rates (0.3 +/- 0.3 versus 3.4 +/- 0.9 mumol/min) and concentrations (131 +/- 46 versus 496 +/- 123 mumol/l) after feeding. These findings can be explained by the changes of bile flow into the duodenum induced by cholecystectomy. PMID- 3481117 TI - Influence of vasoactive intestinal peptide, secretin, and Ala4, Val5-secretin on the net movements of electrolytes, fluid, and mucus in the rat colon in vivo. AB - The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin, and VIP-secretin (Ala4, Val5-secretin) on the net movements of sodium, potassium, fluid, and mucus was investigated in the rat colon perfused in vivo. Peptides (1-100 micrograms/kg.h) were infused intra-arterially. VIP influenced electrolyte and fluid movements at a threshold dose 10- to 100-fold lower than secretin, whereas the secretory efficacy was not significantly different. Replacing the NH2 terminal hexapeptide of secretin by that of VIP did not markedly alter the effect of secretin. Mucus output was stimulated weakly by all three peptides. The results indicate that the larger colonic secretory activity of VIP as compared to secretin is not primarily due to the difference in their NH2-terminal sequence but probably requires the intact molecule. PMID- 3481119 TI - Hepatobiliary fibropolycystic diseases. Two cases of Caroli's disease. AB - Two case reports of Caroli's disease type I are given. The main clinical features were recurrent severe cholangitis, biliary colics, and persistent cholestasis. Both cases demonstrate the predominance in males and the prevalence of symptoms in adults up to the sixth decade. No features of congenital hepatic fibrosis or biliary cirrhosis and no renal pathomorphological changes could be detected. Investigations of their family members did not reveal genetic aspects. PMID- 3481120 TI - [Chemiluminescence study of peripheral neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis]. PMID- 3481122 TI - [Conservative amalgam restoration. Filling therapy in the area of the lateral teeth: amalgam--what else?]. PMID- 3481121 TI - [Sagittal splitting: assessment of results after using the authors' own method in 103 cases]. PMID- 3481123 TI - [Amalgam disposal in refuse]. PMID- 3481124 TI - [Periodontology. 2. Periodontitis in juvenile diabetes (a case report)]. PMID- 3481125 TI - [Amalgam and the environment--the current situation]. PMID- 3481126 TI - [Fired alloys in the crevice corrosion test--a rejoinder]. PMID- 3481127 TI - [Why the furcation of human teeth is shaped so unforeseeably bizarre]. PMID- 3481128 TI - [Stability of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation]. PMID- 3481129 TI - [A discussion on the prevention of infection]. PMID- 3481130 TI - [Gloves in dental medicine. A latex ABC. An ARP study]. PMID- 3481131 TI - [Principles of hygiene in the dental office]. PMID- 3481132 TI - [Periodontology (3). Gingivitis and ulcerative periodontitis]. PMID- 3481133 TI - Mercury concentrations in the human brain and kidneys in relation to exposure from dental amalgam fillings. AB - Samples from the central nervous system (occipital lobe cortex, cerebellar cortex and ganglia semilunare) and kidney cortex were collected from autopsies and analysed for total mercury content using neutron activation analyses. Results from 34 individuals showed a statistically significant regression between the number of tooth surfaces containing amalgam and concentration of mercury in the occipital lobe cortex (mean 10.9, range 2.4-28.7 ng Hg/g wet weight). The regression equation y = 7.2 + 0.24x has a 95% confidence interval for the regression coefficient of 0.11-0.37. In 9 cases with suspected alcohol abuse mercury levels in the occipital lobe were, in most cases, somewhat lower than expected based on the regression line. The observations may be explained by an inhibition of oxidation of mercury vapour. The regression between amalgams and mercury levels remained after exclusion of these cases. The kidney cortex from 7 amalgam carriers (mean 433, range 48-810 ng Hg/g wet weight) showed on average a significantly higher mercury level than those of 5 amalgam-free individuals (mean 49, range 21-105 ng Hg/g wet weight). In 6 cases analysis of both inorganic and total mercury was carried out. A high proportion (mean 77% SD 17%) of inorganic mercury was found. It is concluded that the cause of the association between amalgam load and accumulation of mercury in tissues is the release of mercury vapour from amalgam fillings. PMID- 3481134 TI - The relative change in saliva secretion in relation to the exposed area of the salivary glands after radiotherapy of head and neck region. AB - Sixty patients, 37 women and 23 men, were examined in a prospective study to demonstrate the relative change in saliva secretion after the patients had undergone radiotherapy in the head and neck region. By using VAS (Visual Analogue Scales) for the assessment, clinical intra-oral changes in the body tissue have, hopefully, not influenced the results. In this investigation, the post radiological saliva secretion was put in relation to the preradiological secretion, as well as to the location of the tumour, irradiation dosage, extent of irradiated area and the pairs of big salivary glands. In the overwhelming number of these patients, the reduced saliva flow rate should be classified as hyposiali (0.1-1.0 ml/15 mins) and less frequently as xerostomi (0.0-0.9 ml/min). It is discussed in this paper whether it would be possible to protect, radio treatment permitting, for example the mandibular glands from irradiation in patients with maxillary tumours, by having odontology supply mouth fixtures, allowing for the maximum opening of the mouth during the irradiation part of the treatment. This would make it possible to move the mandible out of the irradiation area without interfering with radiotherapy. By cooperating with the oncology team in a trusting way, we could contribute with an improved life quality after therapy for patients with tumours in the head and neck region. PMID- 3481135 TI - Arthrotic changes and deviation in form of the temporomandibular joint--an autopsy study. AB - An autopsy study was performed on 84 left human temporomandibular joints. Frequency and location of osteoarthrosis and deviation in form were registered in each joint component. Locations of disc perforations were registered with special emphasis on involvement of the bilaminar zone. The anatomical relationship between the deep masseter muscle and the TMJ capsule was investigated in part of the material. Deviation in form was most frequent in condyles (53%) compared with temporal components (40%) and discs (15%). The relative frequencies of the three joint components were opposite for osteoarthrosis; discs (32%), temporal components (26%) and condyles (21%). Higher frequency of arthrotic changes was found in edentulous specimens than in dentulous ones. Disc perforations were located within disc tissue except for one joint where it also included part of the bilaminar zone. No correlation between sex and arthrosis and/or deviation in form was found. Insertion of the posterior fibres of the deep masseter muscle into the anterior capsule was macroscopically observed in six of ten joints. PMID- 3481136 TI - Studies on dental and periodontal conditions in normal mice and mice with genetic disorders. I. The effect of a hard diet or a soft sucrose-rich diet in the absence or presence of Streptococcus mutans in the normal (non-gnotobiotic) mouse, strain C57BL/6J. AB - Periodontal bone loss and caries development were studied in 45 pigmented mice of the C57BL/6J strain. At the age of 22-30 days the animals were divided into three groups. After 4.5 months one group, which received a hard pellet diet, presented no caries lesions. A second group, which received a soft sucrose-rich diet, had only 2 superficial caries lesions. The animals of the third group, finally, which also received a soft sucrose-rich diet but in addition were exposed to Strep. mutans, had all decayed teeth with only one exception. From this single mouse, Strep. mutants was not recovered. By using a scoring system for periodontal bone loss it could be shown that mice infected with Strep. mutans presented an increased distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar crest compared with non-infected mice receiving the same soft sucrose-rich diet. Mice kept on the hard pellet diet showed an even greater distance between CEJ and bone crest. This increased distance is suggested to be a result of both increased periodontal bone resorption and of an accelerated tooth eruption, the later probably due to an increased wear of the teeth, especially in the hard diet group, and a compensating elongation of the roots. The experimental model, using mice infected with Strep. mutans and given a sucrose-rich diet combined with the scoring system presented, is suggested to be useful in the study of the influence of endogenous factors on dental and periodontal tissues. PMID- 3481137 TI - Periodontal bone height in relation to number and type of teeth in dentate middle aged women. A methodological study. AB - Assessing the average periodontal bone height of the total dentition in large samples of individuals is a time-consuming and tedious task. The purpose of this investigation was to study the possibility of facilitating epidemiological work by representing the average bone height of the entire dentition by an index based on measurements in limited parts of the dentition. The correlation coefficient, which in several studies has been used as a measure of the agreement between mean bone heights in different regions of the dentition, cannot prove the degree of any such agreement. Only a comparison of the magnitude of these means can serve this purpose. Consequently, the first step was a detailed study of the average bone height in different regions of the dentition on a large sample (862 dentate middle-aged women). The proximal bone heights were assessed by measurements on orthopantomograms by means of a five degree plastic ruler (modified Schei ruler, Bjorn & Holmberg 1966), whereby the bone heights were related to the entire lengths of the teeth. The results confirmed that the variations in periodontal breakdown between different regions of the dentition are substantial in middle aged populations. The average bone height was lower in the upper than in the lower jaw in all regions except the incisor areas. In subsamples of subjects having at least one remaining tooth of each type (molars, premolars, canines and incisors) in both jaws, the differences in bone heights were smallest and not significant between the means for the mandibular molars and the total means. In subsamples of individuals having lost all mandibular molars, the mean bone score for the combination of mandibular incisors and canines seemed to be the index of choice for representing the total dentition. PMID- 3481138 TI - [Acute leukemia with blasts in the shape of a hand mirror]. AB - The paper is concerned with a rare case of myeloblastosis with blasts in the form of a hand mirror in the bone marrow. The treatment turned out ineffective. The author provided literature data on the causes of occurrence, unusual blast shape, the frequency and types of leukemia, reactions to therapy and a course of disease in patients with blasts of such a shape. PMID- 3481139 TI - [A case of toxic hepatitis in an acute leukemia patient]. PMID- 3481140 TI - Monitoring of heparin therapy with the activated partial thromboplastin time and chromogenic substrate assays. AB - Heparin therapy was monitored with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and with chromogenic substrate assays (factor Xa and factor IIa inhibition) in 100 plasma samples from 47 patients. Heparin concentrations were classified as being below, within or above a defined therapeutic range (TR; 0.2 0.55 units heparin/ml). In a first group of patients (A), all three assays allocated the plasma heparin levels to the same concentration interval with respect to the TR. The most frequent diagnoses in group A were uncomplicated arterial or venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction with limited tissue necrosis, cardiac surgery without major complications and successfully treated infectious disease. In a second group of patients (B), the results of APTT suggested higher heparin concentrations with respect to the TR than the chromogenic assays. Predominant diagnoses were severe infectious diseases, severe liver disorders, extensive myocardial infarction and postoperative complications after cardiac surgery. The discrepancy between heparin concentrations determined by either APTT or the chromogenic substrate assays is most likely due to a non heparin related prolongation of APTT caused by the underlying disease. PMID- 3481141 TI - Malignant melanoma of the glans penis in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient after busulfan therapy. AB - There are many case reports of secondary neoplasms occurring after treatment with alkylating agents. A case of malignant melanoma of the glans penis in a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Ph'-positive patient after 13 years on busulfan treatment is described. Since neither impairment of immune status nor increased incidence of secondary neoplasm have hitherto been reported in CML, the suggestion that busulfan has a carcinogenetic effect is discussed. PMID- 3481142 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Treatment results and prognosis]. PMID- 3481143 TI - [Leukemoid reaction associated with spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 3481144 TI - Progress on gene transfer in farm animals. AB - Transgenic pigs and sheep have been produced by the microinjection of single-cell zygotes and two-cell ova with linear molecules of mouse metallothionein I (MT) promoter/regulator fused to either the human growth hormone (hGH) or bovine growth hormone (bGH) structural genes. The foreign genes integrated into the chromosomes of 3 of 111 lambs or fetuses and 31 of 341 pigs or fetuses examined. Immunoreactive hGH or bGH was present in the plasma of two transgenic lambs and 19 transgenic pigs. The hGH concentration in plasma varied greatly among pigs and was unrelated to the number of gene copies that had integrated. Rate of growth was not enhanced in any of the transgenic pigs in comparison to their littermate controls. However, bGH and hGH exerted definite biological effects in transgenic pigs as evidenced by significantly depressed backfat measurements, elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), stimulation of mammary development (by hGH) and reduction in porcine growth hormone (pGH) to nondetectable levels in plasma. Five of six founder transgenic pigs transmitted the MT-hGH gene construct to one or more progeny. Three progeny of a boar that expressed hGH also expressed the foreign gene. PMID- 3481145 TI - [Plasma levels of prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha in patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3481148 TI - [Rare forms of osteosarcoma]. PMID- 3481147 TI - [Long-term results of thoracic chordotomies in the treatment of intractable pain in tumors of the pelvis]. AB - In 38 patients a high thoracal cordotomy has been performed. All patients suffered from intractable pain due to malignant tumor in the basin. In all patients the follow-up extended till their death. Based on these results the indication for a cordotomy is discussed. PMID- 3481149 TI - Grenz ray therapy in dermatology. An experimental, clinical and epidemiological study. AB - Grenz rays (ultrasoft X-rays, Bucky rays) have been used in the treatment of benign skin disorders for more than 60 years. The mechanism of action, the clinical effect, and the potential carcinogenic effect have been mainly unknown, and many of the reported studies are obsolete today. In the present work these concepts have been studied by means of immuno-histological methods, transmission electron microscopy, patch testing, clinical evaluation and epidemiological methods. The results can be summarized as follows. The number of Langerhans' cells (OKT-6 positive cells) decreases in human epidermis after grenz ray radiation and this reflects a true disappearance of the Langerhans' cells as shown by electron microscopy. Grenz ray treatment was found to--suppress the expression of nickel allergy in sensitive individuals--have a tendency to suppress irritant skin reactions--have a very good effect on psoriasis of the scalp. Grenz ray therapy cannot be excluded as a risk factor in the development of non-melanoma skin tumors, but this risk factor is small, if any, when certain therapy recommendations are followed. PMID- 3481146 TI - AIDS and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children and their families: clinical experience at Yale-New Haven Hospital. AB - As of December 1986, we have identified 23 symptomatic children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in New Haven. Twelve developed AIDS as manifested by lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and/or disseminated mycobacterial infections; seven of them have died. The remainder have milder clinical syndromes, which include failure to thrive, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and parotid swelling. When compared to adults with AIDS, children often have hypergammaglobulinemia and normal numbers of T4 lymphocytes. Intravenous drug abuse by the mother or mother's consort is the risk factor in 87 percent of these children. Two families have now been identified with more than one symptomatic child, but in no family is there evidence of spread from symptomatic children to uninfected siblings. A prospective study was begun to attempt to assess the risk of developing symptomatic HIV infection when a child is born to a mother with antibodies to HIV. PMID- 3481150 TI - [Results of the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia by the BFM program in children--a 5-year observation]. PMID- 3481151 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in the acute and chronic phases of myelocytic leukemia- analysis of 38 cases]. PMID- 3481152 TI - Pudendal nerve involvement in patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. AB - Pudendal nerve involvement was demonstrated by electromyography of perineal muscles and by recordings of their direct and reflex responses on perineal electrical stimulation in 10 patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. Patients reported no defecation disturbances and the 6 men had good erections. Urinary stress incontinence was seen in those 2 (of 4) female patients who had delivered. PMID- 3481153 TI - Hypertrophic neuropathy in spinocerebellar degeneration. Morphological study of the superficial peroneal nerve in fourteen cases. AB - Fourteen patients belonging to eight families were studied. At least one member of each family presented a clinical picture of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) and lowered motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). Muscular atrophy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type was found in 11 cases. The average MNCV of the median nerve was less than half the value in the controls (P less than 0.001). Morphometric analysis of the superficial peroneal nerve showed a considerable reduction (P less than 0.001) in myelinated fibres, primarily those of large diameter (P less than 0.001), a high average density of onion bulb formations, and a large percentage (P less than 0.001) of teased fibres showing aspects of segmental demyelination, with or without remyelination. These results indicate the presence of a hypertrophic neuropathy (HN) associated with the SCD. In most cases, this HN bore the electrophysiological and morphological features of type I hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. In certain cases, however, there was an individual and intra-familial discordance of the electrophysiological and histological aspects, which may correspond to a difference in phenotypic expression, or to mutant genes. It is possible that a single disease is involved, assuming the clinical appearance of both SCD and HN, the biochemical support of which remains to be determined. PMID- 3481155 TI - Irregular users of dental services among Norwegian adults. AB - In 1979-80 a nationwide random sample of 1511 Norwegians, aged 16-79 years, were asked a series of questions about dental health and related factors (behavior, attitude, knowledge, social network, interpersonal communication, and 'health locus of control'). The purposes of the study were to describe the irregular users of dental services and to find mutable factors that could distinguish the regular from the irregular users. 17.4% of the dentate women and 21.7% of the men reported visiting the dentist less than once a year. Among the background variables, age and income/education were the most powerful predictors of use of dental services. Different patterns of behavioral characteristics were found among women as compared with men. The mutable factors that made a significant distinction between the regular and irregular users were use of interdental remedies, use of fluoride, social network, and health attitude (only among women). To a great extent, sociopsychologic and behavioral factors seemed to act through the demographic and economic variables in predicting the regularity of dental attendance. PMID- 3481156 TI - Surface changes during the arrest of active enamel carious lesions in vivo. A scanning electron microscope study. AB - The present study examines early enamel surface alterations taking place when active carious lesions enter an arrested stage. Orthodontic bands with a standardized space for plaque accumulation were used to produce incipient carious lesions on the buccal surface of all four first premolars of four young adolescents. The premolars were to be extracted for orthodontic reasons. After 4 weeks of local cariogenic challenge, all teeth were debanded. In each patient one tooth was extracted at the time of debanding. The remaining premolars were extracted 1, 2, and 3 weeks after re-exposure to the oral environment. No fluoride was added during the entire test period, and the patients were told to maintain usual oral hygiene. Scanning electron microscope examination of the experimental surface areas disclosed a gradual wearing away of the outermost crystals during the 3 weeks of observation. This was associated with a leveling off of surface irregularities and the development of a multitude of scratches. The observed attrition of the porous surface in the lesion area indicates that functional wear and toothbrushing were responsible for the arrestment by disturbance and removal of bacterial deposits. PMID- 3481154 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of increase in prostaglandin F2-alpha after recirculation in global ischemic rat brains. AB - Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PG F2 alpha) was studied in 24 rats. In 21 rats, global brain ischemia was produced for 5 min by Pulsinelli's method. Prior to decapitation, 13 were recirculated for 5 min, while the remaining eight were not. Three recirculated rats were pretreated with indomethacin before the occlusion. Hypotension was induced during the occlusion to 40-50 mm Hg of mean arterial blood pressure in 11 rats including those unrecirculated, recirculated and pretreated with indomethacin. Three normal rats without occlusion of arteries served as control. The brains were snap frozen and 10-microns cryostat sections were incubated in rabbit anti-PG F2 alpha serum and stained by the indirect immunofluorescence method after fixation in carbodiimide and in Zamboni's solution. Positive staining for PG F2 alpha was noted mainly in pial vessels in normal and ischemic rats both with and without hypotension. The rats recirculated without hypotensive ischemia revealed a positive reaction in the walls of pial and parenchymal vessels. All rats recirculated after the hypotensive occlusion showed positive staining in blood vessels, in the cytoplasm of neurons (especially in hippocampi) and in the interfascicular oligodendrocytes. The above results indicate that recirculation after ischemia results in an increase in PG F2 alpha in parenchymal vessels, neurons and oligodendrocytes. PMID- 3481157 TI - Relationship between disorder in the stomatognathic system and general joint involvement in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Seventy-one individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined and compared with 52 individuals without history or symptoms of joint disease (C group) with regard to disorders of the stomatognathic system. Laboratory findings and articular and functional rheumatologic indices were compared. The clinical dysfunction index of Helkimo for the stomatognathic system was positively correlated to both the articular Ritchie index and the functional Lee index. The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the Ritchie index were positively correlated to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Vertical overbite was negatively correlated to the Ritchie index. In addition, there were positive correlations among TMJ crepitus, anterior open bite, sagittal distance between retruded position and intercuspal position, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The concentration of CRP, the ESR, and the Ritchie and Lee indices were highest in the individuals with bilateral current TMJ symptoms and lowest in those with previous but not current TMJ symptoms. It was concluded that the severity of TMJ involvement in RA is correlated to concentration of serum acute phase reactants and to rheumatologic indices. PMID- 3481158 TI - Admission level and students' performance at a Norwegian dental school. AB - Data on students' performance at the Oslo Dental Faculty for 1977-86 were divided in two 5-year periods and analyzed in accordance with admission levels, largely on the basis of academic performance in junior college. During these years admission level decreased considerably, whereas the frequency of 'not passed', 'dropouts', and candidates using prolonged student time increased. The dental school grade average and the distribution of high- and low-performance candidates varied with the admission level. This trend was visible most clearly in the first 5-year period, when the admission point range included a considerable number of high admission level students. However, the admission level was not a good predictor of students' performance in the large middle or low admission level groups prominent in the second 5-year period. Poor preclinical results were not compensated for by clinical skills. All comparison of students' performance gave results in favor of the female students, but no sex-related differences were statistically significant. Most dropouts left dental school during the 1st year without visible examination difficulties. Students with several 'not passed' tended to repeat examinations, dropping out at a later stage or graduating after prolonged student time with poor results. With low interest in odontology, selection of students on the basis of minute differences in academic performance in the lower admission point scale is of limited value as a predictor of students' performance. PMID- 3481159 TI - Metal release from heat-treated orthodontic archwires. AB - Stainless steel and cobalt-chromium orthodontic archwires were subjected to an immersion corrosion test. Wires in the as-received state and wires subjected to a 1-min heat treatment at different temperatures were tested. Iron from the stainless steel and cobalt from the cobalt-chromium product were analyzed in artificial saliva after 1 week of immersion. Both products were analyzed for nickel. The results showed that the cobalt-chromium wire in the as-received state released more metals than the stainless steel. The metal release from the stainless steel wire increased rapidly when subjected to 400 degrees C or higher. For the cobalt-chromium product the increase started at about 500 degrees C. At temperatures above 500 degrees C the release of metals was 15 to 60 times higher than the lowest values. The present results should be considered in procedures involving application of heat to orthodontic wires. PMID- 3481161 TI - Minisymposium on "Hyaluronan and its use in clinical otology". Uppsala, December 8-9, 1986. PMID- 3481160 TI - The effect of a combination of copper and hexetidine on plaque formation and the amount of copper retained by dental plaque bacteria. AB - Zn++ in combination with hexetidine exerts a synergistic plaque inhibition. Studies in our laboratory on the mechanism of this effect suggested that Cu++ and hexetidine may have a similar combination effect. This hypothesis was tested in vivo on a human test panel in a double-blind crossover study. The amount of Cu++ retained by plaque bacteria in vitro was also evaluated. Seven volunteers rinsed with the solutions for 1 min twice daily for 5 days. The test solutions were H2O, 1.0 mM CuSO4, 2.0 mM hexetidine, and the last two in combination. During the test period no oral hygiene was allowed, and sucrose-containing chewing gum was used to enhance plaque formation. The plaque index scores after rinsing with the combination were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those of the other solutions. The effect of hexetidine on Cu++ retention in plaque bacteria was evaluated in plaque samples (n = 3) grown anaerobically overnight in PPLO medium. The bacteria were washed five times, digested in concentrated HNO3, and Cu++ determined by atomic absorption. The presence of hexetidine resulted in a significantly greater amount of Cu++ retained by bacteria at all CuSO4 concentrations. It is suggested that the nonpolar nature of the hexetidine molecule enables Cu++ bound to hexetidine to pass into the bacterial cell. Within the cell, Cu++ can interfere with bacterial metabolism, giving a reduction in plaque growth. PMID- 3481162 TI - Rheology of hyaluronate. AB - Solutions containing high molecular weight hyaluronate at concentrations around 10 mg/ml exhibit interesting rheological properties due to formation of a highly entangled network of flexible polysaccharide molecules. We have performed an extensive study of the rheological properties of hyaluronate solutions as a function of concentration and molecular weight. In this paper we review some basic rheological concepts, and discuss the rheological properties of hyaluronate solutions at high concentrations and medium to high molecular weights (1-5 million). The bulk viscosity (zero shear viscosity) of hyaluronate solutions is strongly dependent both on concentration and molecular weight. A 2-fold increase in concentration or molecular weight results in a 10-fold increase in bulk viscosity. For application in body compartments, the concentration of hyaluronate cannot be increased much above 10 mg/ml due to the highly non-ideal colloid osmotic behaviour of hyaluronate. High viscosity hyaluronate solutions must therefore be based on high molecular weight material. PMID- 3481163 TI - Hyaluronan in the middle ear of the rat. The normal distribution of hyaluronan and the clearance of exogenously administered hyaluronan from the middle ear. AB - The content of hyaluronan (HA), a common connective tissue component, was determined in well defined areas of the rat middle ear. The HA concentration in the pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane was considerably greater than in the pars tensa and areas on the medial wall of the middle ear cavity. The fate of exogenous HA introduced into the middle ear was also studied in rats. Tritium labelled HA disappeared through the Eustachian tube (ET) and was followed by analysis of the nasopharyngeal secretion. The radioactivity in the secretion reached a peak at 3 h and decreased to almost zero within 12 h, indicating that most of the HA was removed. By autoradiography and direct analysis of the HA concentration and molecular weight distribution the fate of HA after obstruction of the ET was followed. Radioactive HA was confined to the middle ear and no uptake into surrounding tissues could be traced by autoradiography 4 days after application. The amount of HA that could be recovered from the middle ear was constant for up to 6 days. Analysis of the molecular weight distribution of the deposited HA indicated only slow degradation during these 6 days. PMID- 3481164 TI - Round window membrane permeability. An in vitro model. AB - The round window membrane is regarded to be the main route for passage of potentially ototoxic substances from the middle ear cavity into the inner ear. This is of clinical importance in acute otitis media and chronic otitis media, where sensorineural hearing impairments sometimes develop. The accuracy and reliability of an in vitro round window membrane permeability model was studied. The round window membrane of the mongolian gerbil was resected, together with its bone niche. The preparation was mounted between two glass chambers, representing the middle ear cavity and the perilymphatic space respectively. Passage through the round window membrane did not occur within 3 h for low-density lipoprotein with a molecular weight of 2,300 kD and high-density lipoprotein with a molecular weight of 115-350 kD. Horseradish peroxidase, with a molecular weight of 40 kD, passed the round window membrane at a mean rate of 6 micrograms/h when the concentration of the protein was 10 g/l in the middle ear chamber. The present in vitro model is considered to be free of leakage artifacts between the chambers. Passage rates for different substances through the round window membrane can be calculated under controlled conditions using this type of in vitro model. PMID- 3481165 TI - Biocompatible surfaces prepared by immobilized heparin or hyaluronate. AB - Artificial surfaces modified with immobilized heparin or hyaluronate were evaluated as possible approaches to improve biocompatibility. The heparin surface was highly thromboresistant in contact with blood, as manifested by minimal cell adhesion and a pronounced capacity to inactivate coagulation enzymes such as thrombin and factor Xa. The hyaluronate coating also reduced cell adhesion, but this coating seemed to be less effective than the heparin surface. Outgrowth of human macrophages was not affected by the hyaluronate coating, nor did it display any capacity to inactivate coagulation enzymes. It is concluded that the heparin surface exhibits a high degree of biocompatibility in contact with blood and cell culture, which should make it an interesting candidate for use in the ear compartment. PMID- 3481166 TI - Consequences of using hyaluronan-coated tympanostomy tubes. AB - The effects of hyaluronan-coated polyethylene tympanostomy tubes on the tympanic membrane structure were investigated and compared with non-coated polyethylene tubes without the coating. The tubes were inserted into the tympanic membrane (TM) and removed 3 weeks later. After 3 weeks the tubes were reinserted. This tube insertion and removal and reinsertion sequence was repeated 4 times and the tympanic membrane structure was examined histologically at 3 weeks and 12 weeks later. The study did not reveal any differences regarding the thickness and light microscopical appearance when comparing the TMs with the hyaluronan-coated tubes to those with the non-coated polyethylene tubes. However, the present way of evaluating the effects of different tube materials may be too crude. In future experiments aimed at elucidating the effects of different surface coatings of tympanostomy tubes other experimental designs must be employed, e.g. fewer tube insertion sequences and less traumatizing extractions. PMID- 3481167 TI - Hyaluronan and healing of tympanic membrane perforations. An experimental study. AB - Hyaluronan, an extracellular high molecular weight polysaccharide, was applied onto experimentally performed tympanic membrane (TM) perforations in the rat. The hyaluronan-treated perforations closed faster than the untreated controls and showed less scar tissue. Initially the perforation became covered by a sheet of keratin and hyaluronan, which appeared to relax and orientate the retracted collagen fibres at the margin of the perforation. The hypertrophic stratified keratinizing squamous epithelium advanced within the hyaluronan-keratin cover and closed the perforation ahead of an approaching connective tissue. Three months after the closure, the hyaluronan-treated TMs appeared transparent in comparison to the opaque untreated controls. In histological sections the hyaluronan-treated TM was comparably thin and an organized collagen fibre layer was discernible. Hyaluronan of various concentrations (0.75, 1.0, 1.75 and 1.9%) and molecular weights (4 x 10(6) and 6 x 10(6)) were tested. The healing rate and degree of scar tissue was dependent on the concentration, but not on the molecular weight of the hyaluronan. Hyaluronan, at the higher concentration, healed the perforations faster and produced a less opaque TM than hyaluronan at low concentration. The number of applications of hyaluronan also influenced the healing rate; fewer applications resulted in a reduced rate. However, the quality of the healed TM was influenced to a lesser extent by the number of hyaluronan applications. Even single applications caused less scar tissue in comparison with untreated TMs. It is inferred from the study that hyaluronan, exogenously applied, might be valuable also in the clinical situation to enhance the healing of different types of TM perforation. PMID- 3481168 TI - A histopathological study of the inner ear after the administration of hyaluronan into the middle ear of the guinea pig. AB - Hyaluronan, 19 mg/ml, was administered into the middle ear cavity of guinea pigs. A control group was subjected to a sham operation. Fourteen days after administration the animals were killed and a macroscopic examination of all middle ears was performed. Surface preparations of the organ of Corti were made and examined by light microscopy. Hair cell loss along the length of the sensory epithelium was quantified. No toxic effect of hyaluronan could be detected either in the middle ear or in the sensory cells in the cochlea. Thus hyaluronan is potentially useful for facilitating middle ear surgery. PMID- 3481169 TI - An ultrastructural and functional study of the inner ear after administration of hyaluronan into the middle ear of the guinea pig. AB - A single dose of hyaluronan, 19 mg/ml was administered into the right middle ear cavity of guinea pigs. The auditory function of the right ear was tested by recording the gross neural action potential (N1) before, directly after, and 28 days after the administration of hyaluronan. In a control group the right ear was sham-operated and the gross neural action potential (N1) was recorded twice; on the day of the sham operation and 28 days later. All animals were killed 28 days after the operation. All treated as well as sham-operated ears and every second intact ear were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM.) No ear had signs of hearing deterioration. Macroscopically, most of the hyaluronan was eliminated from the middle ear after 28 days. In the histological examination, pathological stereocilia were found in the apical turn of the cochlea in the ears to which hyaluronan was administered, the sham operated and the intact ears. PMID- 3481170 TI - Reversible changes in inner ear function following hyaluronan application in the middle ear. AB - A safety study regarding the potential ototoxicity of 1.9% hyaluronan was performed in 20 rats. In all animals the middle ear was completely filled with hyaluronan three times at 2-day intervals between the administrations. Inner ear function was evaluated by computerized auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements. ABR recordings were performed prior to exposure, after myringotomy (but prior to administration of hyaluronan), 5 days after the last administration (n = 15; these animals were then sacrificed for analysis of the middle ear), one month and 3 months later (n = 5). The hearing thresholds were improved in animals 5 days after the last administration of hyaluronan at 6-8 kHz, whereas the hearing thresholds were impaired at 12 and 20 kHz. After one month, ABR thresholds were even better than precontrol levels at 2, 4 and 6 kHz, whereas at all other frequencies the ABR threshold was normal. Three months after hyaluronan exposure, all ABR thresholds were normal, but viscous material was present in the middle ear in 3 of 5 animals. It is concluded that hyaluronan causes reversible changes in inner ear function but lacks ototoxic adverse effects. PMID- 3481171 TI - Hyaluronan applied to the middle ear mucosa prior to fixation improves the morphological quality. AB - In a previous study, it was noted that immersion-fixed middle ear mucosa appeared better preserved if treated with hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA) prior to fixation. The present study showed that HA instilled into the middle ear caused the epithelial cells to emerge more brilliant--when stained with toluidine blue- but did not hinder minor autolytic changes from occurring. The precise molecular or biochemical event or events that cause the brilliance are not known at present. HA did not cause any severe structural alterations of the mucosa. PMID- 3481172 TI - Repair of traumatically ruptured tympanic membrane using hyaluronan. AB - Three large tympanic membrane (TM) perforations (occupying more than one quadrant) were treated with hyaluronan (1% hyaluronic acid) without delay after the accident. Using the highly viscous hyaluronan as an aid, the margins of the perforations could be noticeably restored. The size of the perforation could be immediately reduced to roughly half of its original size. Immediate restoration and covering of a traumatically ruptured TM wound improve the healing potential of the drum and counteract middle ear infection. PMID- 3481173 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of impaired growth hormone secretion. Proceedings of an international symposium. Vienna, Austria, 4-5 April 1987. PMID- 3481174 TI - A National Cooperative Growth Study of Protropin. AB - Nearly 2000 hGH deficient patients have been enrolled in a study of Protropin and followed up for up to 1 year. This has provided valuable information on the character of this population and its response to therapy. Overall there was a predominance of males, with a disproportionate number of short mothers. The mean Protropin dose was 0.07 mg/kg, given three times/week. There was a significant dose-response relationship up to 0.125 mg/kg three times/week. PMID- 3481175 TI - The effect of human growth hormone injection frequency on linear growth rate. AB - hGH has been used in the treatment of hGH deficient children for nearly 30 years. The optimum treatment regimen is, however, still unknown. Generally, administration has been by 2 or 3 intramuscular injections/week and the total weekly dose has been 0.3-0.5 IU/kg. Many factors are known to influence the effect of treatment, such as the dose and the age of the child. In animal studies, the optimum growth rate occurs when the physiological pulse frequency of growth hormone is simulated (i.e. intravenous infusions of growth hormone every 3 hours in the rat). In humans, optimal growth rates occur in children in whom the spontaneous secretion of hGH is associated with many peaks (pulses) of high amplitude. In hGH deficient children, growth rate increases when the weekly dose of hGH is administered daily rather than 2-3 times/week, thereby optimizing the body's utilization of the hormone. The hGH plasma profile after daily subcutaneous hGH injections is, however, different from the hGH plasma profiles of children growing normally, in whom hGH secretion is episodic with many sharp pulses during the day and night. Whether simulation of normal hGH plasma profiles will increase the growth rate in hGH deficient children and normalize their adult height requires further investigation. PMID- 3481176 TI - Dose-response effect. PMID- 3481177 TI - Bioequivalence of Genotropin and Somatonorm. AB - The bioequivalence parameters, AUC, Cmax and Tmax were calculated from serum hGH concentration-time curves after subcutaneous injections of Genotropin (recombinant somatropin) and Somatonorm (somatrem) in a two-period crossover study in 11 healthy men aged 21-35 years. Cmax was 53.4 and 62.9 mIU/litre and Tmax was 5.3 and 4.0 hours for Genotropin and Somatonorm, respectively. Criteria for bioequivalence were fulfilled for AUC. The bioavailability of Genotropin given subcutaneously was determined from the data obtained in the study above, and after an intravenous injection of Genotropin in the same dose (0.1 IU/kg body weight). The measured bioavailability of 71% could be an overestimate due to interference by endogenous hGH. PMID- 3481178 TI - Analysis of linear growth using a mathematical model. II. From 3 to 21 years of age. AB - The 'ICP growth model' (ICP = Infancy, Childhood and Puberty components) represents linear growth from 3 years of age to maturity by a combination of a slowly decelerating childhood component together with a sigmoid puberty component, the latter acting only during adolescence. Linear growth is analysed for 157 longitudinally followed healthy infants using this model. The main aim is to assess the ability of the ICP model to describe and evaluate individual growth patterns in healthy children with particular emphasis on the considerable individual variation in the timing of puberty and the shape of the pubertal growth spurt. The use of the model to evaluate growth longitudinally over both short and long periods is also outlined. Reference values based on the ICP approach, the ICP Standard, seem to have a number of advantages in comparison with cross-sectional standards. In the 'Prepubertal ICP Standard', the contribution of the puberty component is omitted. The standard can be applied on an individual basis to evaluate prepubertal growth and pubertal onset, independently of the timing of puberty. By using the 'Pubertal ICP Standard' both the difference in pubertal maturation and the negative relationship between the size of the pubertal gain and the timing of puberty are taken into account. The fact that the gain in the puberty component is time-invariant, and can thus be aligned with the timing of puberty for an individual child, forms the basis of this approach. The analyses have also revealed a new predictor for final height, which is termed HAPO (height adjusted for pubertal onset). This predictor is based on age and attained size at onset of puberty--the 'onset' regression line. PMID- 3481179 TI - Update on the clinical use and experience of Somatonorm (somatrem). PMID- 3481180 TI - Production of authentic recombinant somatropin. PMID- 3481181 TI - Substitution therapy with recombinant growth hormone (somatrem) in adults with growth hormone deficiency. AB - The effects of a 12-week period of substitution therapy with somatrem have been investigated in six adults with confirmed hGH deficiency. Five of the six patients experienced a subjective improvement, mentally and physically, but these improvements were not demonstrated when the patients were assessed objectively. No side-effects were reported. Serum procollagen III peptide increased in all patients and serum IGF-1 increased in five of the six patients. PMID- 3481182 TI - Can the knemometer shorten the time for growth rate assessment? AB - A total of 105 healthy children of both sexes and various ages were measured once or twice weekly by knemometry over periods of 161-202 days on 11-50 occasions. These data were used to calculate percentiles of the predictive error that occurred if short-term lower leg length differences were used to extrapolate half annual growth rates. From these data, and observations on day-to-day variations of the lower leg length, it was concluded that growth rates derived from single differences between two consecutive lower leg length measurements are invalid and without predictive power for mean long-term lower leg increments. However, a novel statistical approach is presented, which results in the evaluation of daily lower leg growth rates to visualize quasi-continuous growth kinetics. Examples of successful and unsuccessful growth promoting therapeutic interventions are provided to demonstrate knemometric assessment of a significant modification of short-term growth kinetics. PMID- 3481183 TI - Knemometry as a predictor of response to somatrem in Turner's syndrome. AB - The response of 13 children with Turner's syndrome to somatrem, 2 IU/day, has been determined for a 4-week period of treatment using knemometric measurements, and compared to 6 months of treatment assessed by conventional auxology. In this small series, knemometry was able to predict those children in whom hGH therapy was not beneficial. PMID- 3481184 TI - Serum growth hormone levels in provocation tests and during nocturnal spontaneous secretion: a comparative study. PMID- 3481185 TI - Comparison of pharmacological tests and 24-hour growth hormone secretion in 130 children with delayed growth. PMID- 3481186 TI - Dose-response relationship in the treatment of hypopituitary children with human growth hormone: a retrospective survey. AB - During the past 15 years, dose-response studies of hGH have been limited to prepubertal patients with complete somatotrophic deficiency, who have usually been treated with hGH three times/week within a dose range of 10-40 IU/kg/year. In such studies a weak positive correlation has been found (r = 0.429, p less than 0.001) with marked important individual variations. Very few or no data have been published regarding the dose-response relationship after the first year of hGH treatment, or when the dose is increased because the growth rate is waning, or during puberty. The present paper reports some data on these issues. A group of 32 young hGH deficient children, whose bone age was 0-4 years, was followed up for at least 3 years with hGH given intramuscularly three times weekly at doses of 12-48 IU/kg/year (mean, 25 +/- 9 IU/kg/year - i.e. approximately 0.15 IU/kg/injection). A dose-response relationship existed during the first year but not during the following 2 years nor for the height gain obtained at the end of the third year of treatment. The results of an increase of the dose of hGH by 33 66% in 13 prepubertal hGH deficient children whose growth rate had decreased after 2-5 years of treatment were fair in 6, limited in 4 and absent in 3, and did not relate to the extent of dose increase. However, this series is too small to allow definite conclusions. The growth rate of 67 adolescents with complete hGH deficiency and normal spontaneous puberty was close to the normal mean in the 45 males but much less in the 22 females. Although the least favourable results came from cases with post-radiotherapy hypopituitarism, the mean total pubertal growth spurt in patients with idiopathic hGH deficiency was also below the average, mainly in the girls, and with a large range of individual variation. An important fact was that bone age increased more than height age or chronological age in these hypopituitary pubertal patients. No dose-response relationship was found in this group, within a limited range of doses (40 patients receiving 16-20 IU/kg/year injected three times weekly, 19 receiving less than 16 IU/kg/year and 8 receiving more than 20 IU/kg/year). It may be concluded that in prepubertal hypopituitary children, hGH at a dose of approximately 20 IU/kg/year at the onset of treatment is probably appropriate. The lack of a dose-response relationship after the first year of treatment suggests that higher initial doses should be avoided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3481187 TI - Suicide in Scandinavia. A report on the internordic research project. PMID- 3481189 TI - Scandinavian routines and practices in the registration of suicide. AB - Procedures followed in reporting and registering death in each of the Scandinavian countries are scrutinized to find out whether the pronounced difference in the suicide rates between Norway and the other Scandinavian countries might be due to the under-reporting of suicide in Norway. A survey is also given of the practices followed when classifying and coding cause-of-death. The routine and practice followed when registering, classifying and coding varies considerably from country to country. However, none of the procedural differences could explain the low Norwegian rates and the Norwegian suicide statistics were found to be at least as accurate and reliable as those in Denmark, Finland or Sweden. PMID- 3481188 TI - Suicide in Scandinavia. An epidemiological analysis. AB - Suicide rates in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden for the past few years are presented. Despite the fact that the Nordic countries, both historically and at present, have many features in common, differences between the countries in the frequency of suicide are pronounced. These differences and the reliability of Nordic suicide statistics are discussed. PMID- 3481190 TI - Sources of error in registering suicide. AB - Sources of error theoretically possible in the registration of suicide are discussed. Using cause-of-death statistics for each of the Nordic countries, the relative influence of the various sources of error is evaluated. Two types of sources of error are identified, one is when cause-of-death is registered as drowning and the other is when it is registered as "unknown". Results have shown however, that the low probability of suicide in these cases, and consequently small numbers involved, could hardly influence differences in rates between the Nordic countries. The differences found in suicide statistics therefore reflect true differences in the frequency of suicide between these countries. PMID- 3481191 TI - Suicide and social integration. A pilot study of the integration levels in Norway and Denmark. AB - A model for comparison of levels of social integration in each of the Nordic countries was developed from Durkheim's theories and then tested on Norwegian and Danish data to determine whether the difference in the frequency of suicide between Norway and Denmark could be "explained" by a corresponding difference in degree of social integration. The results confirmed Durkheim's theory in that the general level of social integration was found to be considerably lower in Denmark than in Norway. Danish middleaged women, whose rate of suicide is more than three times that of their Norwegian counterparts, were especially poorly integrated by comparison. Furthermore, the level of integration among young Norwegian men was found to be in marked decline and their suicide rate on the increase. The necessity of testing and refining the method is stressed. PMID- 3481192 TI - The prevention of suicide while in psychiatric care. AB - The increase in the number of recorded suicides among inpatients in psychiatric care in Sweden can, to a great extent, be attributed to more suicides in the population as a whole, and to an increase and changes in the psychiatric population as well as to improved recording methods. The number of suicides in connection with psychiatric care is, however, higher than usually assumed. If "definite" suicides and "controversial cases" are included, as well as those which occur within a week of discharge, then this figure is 2.5 times the registered number of definite suicides. The importance of various background factors is discussed. Suicidal behaviour can be considered both from a longitudinal as well as from a cross sectional perspective. The insight in the fact that there is a similarity between the suicidal act and accidents leads to important consequences for the prevention of suicide. The present work concludes by suggesting an overall philosophy and recommendations as to preventive work within the field of psychiatry. PMID- 3481193 TI - Some experience in psychotherapy with suicidal patients. AB - Changes in actual relationships and self-esteem are of particular importance. The therapist must be more direct, personal and interrogating than is the case with other types of patients, especially with regard to the suicidal fantasies and acts, i.e., plans and methods. The author emphasizes the importance of identifying hateful countertransference reactions in the therapist, and points out just how these can be controlled, and used constructively as means of understanding the more subconscious aggressive feelings of the patient, which are projected on to the therapist. There is often a fragile balance between trust, realistic agreement and the availability of the therapist with regard to out patients, and limit-setting of admission to emergency wards. An important aspect with regard to consultations with hospitalized patients is always to ask questions and employ direct communication about suicidal intentions and risks; further, no secrecy or vagueness about these matters should be permitted at ward meetings or in group work. The therapist must be open and direct, informing the patient as to just how he looks upon suicide as a mindless act, which once and for all destroys totally the interests and goals of the patient. It is also essential to work all the time on countertransference reaction in the staff, both the anxiety and the hate. The post mortem work after a successful suicide must include fellow patients, staff members and the family. PMID- 3481195 TI - Primary and secondary brain stem lesions. PMID- 3481194 TI - The reliability of Scandinavian suicide statistics. PMID- 3481196 TI - Cerebral mass displacements. Part I: Cisternal hernia in intracranial tumours in the computer tomogram. Part II: Clinical findings in primary and secondary brain stem lesions. PMID- 3481197 TI - Biomathematics of intracranial CSF and haemodynamics. Simulation and analysis with the aid of a mathematical model. AB - A mathematical model of the isolated intracranial system including autoregulation of cerebral blood flow with the aid of a variable cerebrovascular resistance is described. The rate of formation of cerebrospinal fluid is assumed to depend on the regional blood flow through the choroid plexuses. This model is extended by cardiovascular components including the left ventricle of the heart, the aorta and the peripheral resistance. Additionally the model contains control circuits to simulate the short-time behaviour of the blood pressure regulation with the aid of the baroreceptor reflex. Disturbances of central regulation of blood pressure are simulated depending on changes of the regional blood flow through the brain stem. The application of the model is demonstrated by the analysis of the influence of arterial blood pressure upon the intracranial pulse pressure relationship (PPR) and upon the pressure response to a volume pressure test. Theoretical considerations and simulations reveal an opposite effect of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and its amplitude upon PPR. The ICP amplitude rises with decreasing ABP or increasing ABP amplitude. Breakpoints and other deviations from a linear PPR over the whole ICP range are studied by the analysis of the transfer function. The application of the model concerning parameter estimation methods is demonstrated and discussed. Simulations of rhythmic phenomena with the aid of the extended model point out possible approaches to quantitative descriptions of disturbances of central regulation. PMID- 3481198 TI - Acute direct and indirect lesions of the brain stem--CT findings and their clinical evaluation. AB - Since the introduction of computer tomography (CT) (Ambrose 1973, Hounsfield 1973) it has become an essential instrument in the diagnosis of acute intracranial lesions. The precise analysis of the CT and in particular the evaluation of the basal cisterns, yields results which are already wellknown, basically, from post-mortem investigations and clinical findings. However, while these were retrospective analyses and results, serial CT examinations which are free of risk for the patient and can be used in correlation with the clinical neurological findings, allow important assertions intra vitam, as well as a definitely better assessment of the prognosis. In addition to acute supratentorial lesions, acute and subacute infratentorial lesions are analysed and their clinical significance described. In this way, for the first time, the dynamics of the mechanical factors in raised intracranial pressure can be analysed. Important conclusions are drawn for the clinical management of the patients, and even some new indications for operation. Analysis of the acute hyperdense brain stem lesions--pathognomonic for haemorrhages--allows for the first time the diagnosis and continuous observation of traumatic and secondary haemorrhages caused by raised pressure, as well as spontaneous ones. As regards the mortality and morbidity, the results in this large series of traumatic and secondary haemorrhages are in striking contrast to previous analyses based on post mortem findings. Acute hypodense brain stem lesions are not amenable to any definite pathogenetic classification--softening, inflammatory lesions, tumours and oedema must all be considered. With acute lesions we are only dealing with infarcts, which are only incompletely assessable in the computer tomogram, and their diagnosis must still depend on the clinical findings. Secondary ischaemic lesions in acute raised intracranial pressure are identifiable in over 18% as infarcts which involve the entire territory of an artery. These additional space occupying lesions are only survived by 11% of the patients. Hence the correlation which has been established between the basal cisterns and intracranial pressure is of great clinical significance. From our own research group several reports on different aspects of raised intracranial pressure and lesions of the brain stem have appeared since 1979. Similar analyses of partial aspects of the basal cisterns, have been published only recently, and came essentially to the same conclusions. PMID- 3481199 TI - Blood flow in brain structures during increased ICP. AB - The effect of a supratentorial expanding mass lesion and of uniform increase of ICP on regional cerebral blood flow was examined in 31 cats. The blood flow was measured using the radioactive microsphere technique and continuous ICP increase was produced by inflating an extradural balloon or by infusion of mock CSF into subarachnoid lumbar space. Four additional animals in whom no ICP rise was produced were used as controls; several blood flow measurements were performed at different ICP levels and after sudden ICP release. The analysis of the data obtained revealed that intracranial hypertension caused inhomogenous pattern of blood flow change with compartmentalization of flow between supra- and infratentorial structures connected with cisternal herniation. The flow decrease may correspond to the craniocaudal pressure gradients in the brain stem. Irrespective of the method used to produce intracranial hypertension the blood flow in the lower brain stem was less susceptible to diminished perfusion pressure. Sparing of cerebral blood flow in the lower brain stem during progressive brain compression can be explained by compartmentalization. The ranking of regions at cerebral perfusion pressure below 60 mm Hg was similar for the lower brain stem regions independently of the method which was used to increase the ICP. This suggests that when CBF becomes reduced due to increase of ICP the perfusion favours the areas where neurons related to control of circulation are located. Diffuse increase of ICP produced no interhemispheric differences in the blood flow. These differences were detected when balloon compression was used. Asymmetry of perfusion in the brain stem structures was not observed. During continuously increasing ICP an increase of blood pressure taking place before pupillary dilatation occurred was not caused by medullary ischaemia. If the pressure continued to increase the vasopressor response occurring after pupillary dilatation took place did not improve the cerebral blood flow. Increase of cerebral perfusion followed a sudden release of ICP. In an experimental animal subjected to unilateral compressive lesion producing tentorial herniation, hyperperfusion involved especially the thalamus and the midbrain with relative flow decrease in the lower brain stem. PMID- 3481200 TI - Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: arousal and sleep polygraphic findings. A case report. PMID- 3481201 TI - Induction of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by insulin-like growth factor-I in primary culture of purified Leydig cells. PMID- 3481202 TI - Paracrine control of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17,20-lyase and aromatase enzyme systems in porcine thecal cells. PMID- 3481203 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on mitochondrial election dense inclusions and secretory granules of the bovine large luteal cell during late pregnancy. PMID- 3481205 TI - The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on relaxin release differs in the cyclic and pregnant sow. PMID- 3481204 TI - The relationships of oocyte quality and follicular fluid prolactin and progesterone in superovulated beef heifers with and without norgestomet implants. PMID- 3481206 TI - Vasodepressor hormones in hypertension: prostaglandins and kallikrein-kinins. Satellite symposium to the meeting of the International Society of Hypertension. Nuremberg, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3481207 TI - Effects of altered prostanoid and lyso-PAF synthesis by marine oil diets on blood pressure of salt loaded spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 3481208 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the chronic regulation of renal function and renal adaptation to protein diet. PMID- 3481209 TI - The role of renal dopamine and PGE2 in mediating the renal effects of the antihypertensive loop diuretic piretanide. PMID- 3481210 TI - Biochemistry of human tissue (urinary) kallikrein. AB - Human urinary kallikrein was purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and affinity chromatography on aprotinin-Sepharose, followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. Thus an enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 1100 U/mg protein (substrate: AcPheArgOEt) was obtained. In dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis two protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 41 kDa (form B) and 34 kDa (form A) have been separated. On isoelectric focusing different protein bands with isoelectric points between 3.75 and 4.25 were found. Both forms (form A and B) could be separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and characterized by dodecyl-sulfate electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The kinetic constants for the kallikrein-catalyzed hydrolysis of AcPheArgOEt and DValLeuArgNan were determined. The Ki value for the tissue kallikrein aprotinin complex was measured as well as the bimolecular velocity constant for the inhibition by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was determined as 9 +/- 2 1 x mol-1 x min-1). The amino acid composition and the amino acid sequence of active human tissue (urinary) kallikrein is presented. PMID- 3481211 TI - T-kininogen in rat plasma after nephrectomy and other surgical traumas. AB - Plasma kininogen is known to increase after nephrectomy in the rat, and we studied the type of kininogen responsible for the increase. Total kininogen in plasma was estimated by measuring the kinins released after incubation with an excess of trypsin, and expressed as micrograms bradykinin equivalents per ml of plasma (bk eq/ml). Plasma Kininogen in 24-hournephrectomized rats increased five fold over the control values (16.4 +/- 0.8 vs 3.0 +/- 0.3 micrograms bk eq/ml; p less than 0.001). However, we found that the increase in total kininogen was not due to nephrectomy per se, but rather to surgery, since similar increases were found after 24 hours in shamnephrectomized rats (15.5 +/- 0.5 micrograms bk eq/ml), and in rats with a catheter implanted into the carotid artery (14.2 +/- 1.7 micrograms bk eq/ml). The increase in kininogen was proportional to the extent of the surgery since simple exposure of the carotid artery increased kininogen to 5.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms bk eq/ml, and sham carotid cannulation to 8.3 +/- 0.4 micrograms bk eq/ml. Anesthesia without surgery did not affect plasma kininogen concentration. To determine whether the adrenals or the pituitary glands are involved in mediating the changes, plasma kininogen was measured after adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy. Total kininogen in plasma of 24 hour adrenalectomized rats was sevenfold higher than that of intact rats, also higher than the total kininogen in plasma of sham-adrenalectomized rats (21.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 16.5 +/- 1.1 micrograms bk eq/ml; p less than 0.05). The role of the hypophysis was studied by nephrectomizing rats 12 days after they had been hypophysectomized. Total plasma kininogen in the control group of rats was still four-fold higher than in intact rats. Twenty-four hours after nephrectomy, a further two-fold increase was obtained (12.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 25.6 +/- 2.0 micrograms bk eq/ml; p less than 0.001). Kinins released by trypsin from plasma of the various groups of rats were separated by reserve-phase (C18) high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then quantitated. Only T-kinin was found to be increased. Unknown kinins, which were partially converted to T-kinin by increasing trypsin concentration from 10 to 80 mg/ml plasma, were also found by HPLC. The results indicate that surgical trauma induces a marked increase in the concentration of T-kininogen in rat plasma. Neither the hypophysis, nor the adrenals seem to be involved in mediating the increase in T-kininogen. PMID- 3481212 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay for rat high molecular weight kininogen. Measurement of immunoreactive high molecular weight kininogen in normal and kininogen deficient plasma. AB - A direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rat high molecular weight kininogen (HMW Kg) was developed that enabled us to detect 71 fmol/ml of HMW Kg. The antibodies did not crossreact in the RIA with up to 5 nmol of purified rat alpha 1 cysteine proteinase inhibitor (T-kininogen). When various quantities of pure HMW Kg were either quantified by the RIA or by the measurement of kinin contents determined after trypsin hydrolysis, identical values were obtained by both methods. This RIA allowed the measurement of HMW Kg in 0.015 to 1 microliter of rat plasma. HMW Kg levels in plasma of Wistar rats and in Brown Norway rats of the Orlean Strain (BN/Orl) were 1.52 +/- 0.05 (n = 6) and 2.050 +/- 0.015 (n = 8) nmol/ml respectively. In the Brown Norway rats of the Katholiek strain (BN/Kat) that are considered to be deficient in HMW Kg, immunoreactive HMW Kg levels were less than 2% of those of the BN/Orl rats. These results confirm that the BN/Kat animals have a molecular defect in HMW Kg. PMID- 3481213 TI - In vivo assay of specific kallikrein inhibitors. AB - Kininogen sequence analogs containing amino acid residues around the Arg-Ser cleavage site of bovine kininogens were prepared with bulky aliphatic residues in the P3 position as specific inhibitors of tissue kallikrein. KKI-7 (containing a cyclohexylacetyl group) and KKI-8 (containing an adamantaneacetyl group) both inhibited human urinary kallikrein with KI = 4 microM. These inhibitors are 40 times more potent than the corresponding peptide containing the naturally occurring prolyl residue at P3 and one-seventh as susceptible to hydrolysis. KKI 7 and KKI-8 are poor inhibitors of human plasma kallikrein (KI = 244 and 358 microM, respectively) while their capacity to inhibit trypsin is 1/3 and 1/17, respectively, that of their inhibitory capacity for human urinary kallikrein. When KKI-7 was tested in a rat blood flow model, the infused peptide (50 micrograms/kg/min) depressed the response to injected rat submandibular kallikrein (200-500 ng) to 52% of the control response when it was injected less than 10 minutes after infusion was started and to 16% of the control response when it was injected between 10 and 30 minutes after infusion of the inhibitor, the response gradually returned toward normal. Similar results were obtained with porcine pancreatic kallikrein. Infusion of the inhibitor did not affect the response to bradykinin and infusion of the vehicle itself did not alter the response to either injected kallikrein or bradykinin. These analogs have greater specificity and stability than those previously developed and are appropriate for the in vivo inhibition of glandular kallikreins. PMID- 3481214 TI - The role of renal prostaglandins in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. PMID- 3481215 TI - Role of renal nerves and dopamine on prostaglandin E release from the kidney of rats. AB - The aim of the study is to investigate the role of renal nerves and dopamine (DA) on urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) released from kidney with or without salt loading in rats. After excessive intake of high Na, urinary excretions of PGE and DA enhanced as compared with those of basal Na. In rats with renal denervation, urinary excretion of PGE and norepinephrine decreased in salt loading, and urinary Na excretion increased. Urinary PGE excretion was also enhanced by treatment of bromocriptine accompanying with augmented natriuresis. Urinary PGE excretion was suppressed by treatment of carbidopa, which also suppressed the urinary excretion of DA. These results suggest that the renal adrenergic nerve and tubular DA in kidney play an important role on the release of PGE and that these mechanisms in PGE release from kidney augment in salt loading. PMID- 3481216 TI - [Cefotiam level in human eyes after subconjunctival injection]. PMID- 3481217 TI - [Clinical evaluation of ofloxacin against complicated urinary tract infections]. AB - Clinical efficacy of ofloxacin (OFLX) against complicated urinary tract infections was examined in 20 patients. OFLX was administrated orally at a dose of 200 mg, three times (daily 600 mg) for 14 to 102 days. The overall clinical efficacy was rated excellent in 8 cases (40%), moderate in 7 cases (35%) and poor in 5 cases (25%) with a total efficacy of 75%. Bacteriological efficacy, 17 out of 24 strains (70.8%) isolated were eradicated after OFLX administration. The strains that appeared after OFLX treatment were P. cepacia and Candida sp. No severe side effects were found in these patients. PMID- 3481218 TI - [Long-term treatment and clinical evaluation of enoxacin in complicated urinary tract infections]. AB - Enoxacin (ENX) was used in the treatment of 16 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. ENX was orally administered 600 mg three times a day for 14--32 days. Clinical results evaluated according to the criteria of UTI committee were excellent in 6 cases, moderate in 3 cases and poor in 6 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 60.0%. Two moderate cases at 5 days showed excellent results at 14 days. Twelve out of 18 bacteriological strains were eradicated, with the elimination rate of 66.7%. As side effects, slight constipation occurred in one patient, and he was treated with purgatives. Photoallergic eruptions occurred in one of the 16 patients. He was treated with an antihistaminic agent and soon recovered. PMID- 3481219 TI - A pinch of will is better than a pound of perhaps. PMID- 3481220 TI - Treatment of sheep with prostaglandin F2 alpha enhances production of a luteal chemoattractant for eosinophils. AB - Eosinophils were quantitated in sections of luteal tissue obtained from sheep treated with a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha. Increased numbers of cells were detected before the onset of either functional (decline in sera or tissue concentrations of progesterone) or morphological regression. Luteal tissue was shown to produce a specific chemoattractant for eosinophils as assessed by a linear under-agarose migration assay. Eosinophils were responsive toward leukotriene B4, but not toward PGF2 alpha or a synthetic N-formyl peptide. Because eosinophils are capable of mediating tissue damage in immune/inflammatory conditions, it is suggested that these cells could play a similar role in the mechanics of luteolysis. PMID- 3481222 TI - Ventolin nebules. PMID- 3481221 TI - Prenatal effects of maternal-fetal HLA compatibility. AB - Both retrospective studies of idiopathic aborters, as well as prospective studies of normal couples, have shown reduced fertility among couples sharing HLA antigens. However, the effects of maternal-fetal histocompatibility on surviving embryos are largely univestigated. We thus prospectively studied 53 healthy, fertile women whose timed pregnancies were verified within 21 days of conception. Maternal-fetal histocompatibility status was determined for HLA-A,-B, and -DR locus antigens. Fetal growth rates were monitored by ultrasound at 8, 12, and 20 weeks gestation. Neonates were weighed, measured (birthlength, chest circumference, head circumference), and examined within 72 h of delivery (116 major and minor anomalies) in standardized fashion by one of two geneticists. Although no significant differences were found between infants compatible and incompatible at the HLA-A or HLA-B locus, significant differences were observed between HLA-DR compatible and incompatible infants for sex ratios (p less than .003) and minor anomaly rates (p less than .05). Although differences in mean birthweights between HLA-DR compatible and incompatible infants were not significant in this sample, HLA-DR compatible infants were on average 200 grams smaller than HLA-DR incompatible infants. We interpret these findings as evidence for selection against histocompatible fetuses throughout gestation, particularly with respect to HLA-DR compatibility. Potential immunologic and genetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3481223 TI - Paper disk assay for glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferases. AB - A method is described for the assay of sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to glycosaminoglycan acceptors. Following the sulfation reactions, the [35S]sulfate-labeled products are precipitated and then separated from a sulfate donor ([35S]PAPS) and its degradation products by a paper disk method, and then the radioactivity remaining on the paper disk is subsequently determined by liquid scintillation counting. The rapidity and simplicity of the method are advantageous for multiple assays and have allowed us to establish assay conditions for serum sulfotransferases which introduce sulfate at position 6 of the internal N-acetylgalactosamine units of chondroitin, position 2 (amino group) of the glucosamine units of heparan sulfate and sugar units of keratan sulfate, respectively. The assay method will be applicable with modification to the assay of other glycosaminoglycan sulfotransferases and glycoprotein sulfotransferases. PMID- 3481226 TI - Biochemical engineering V. Fifth Biochemical Engineering Conference. Henniker, New Hampshire, July 1986. PMID- 3481224 TI - Enzyme-linked coagulation assay. IV. Sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using Russell's viper venom factor X activator-antibody conjugates. AB - We have applied the enzyme-linked coagulation assay (ELCA) system to the development of an amplified immunoassay using the clotting cascade to enhance sensitivity of detection of immune complexes. The factor X-activating enzyme of Russell's viper venom was detectable using ELCA in amounts as low as 0.25 fg per assay. Monoclonal antibodies to beta-hCG, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and the P-24 antigen of HTLV-III were labeled with this enzyme or peroxidase and used for "sandwich" immunoassays using another monoclonal antibody (beta-hCG, PLAP) or polyclonal patient IgG (P-24 antigen) bound to a polylysine glutaraldehyde-coated plate as a "capture" reagent. After the immunobinding step, the plate was washed and substrate consisting of a mixture of factors X, V, and II in buffer containing calcium and lipid was incubated for various lengths of time. The mixture was transferred to another plate coated with fibrinogen and containing peroxidase-fibrinogen in EDTA solution to measure the amount of thrombin generated. Using this protocol, we were able to measure the presence of 2-10 pg/ml of beta-hCG and PLAP (5-30 amol per sample). All three model antigens were detectable at concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude less using RVV-XA labeled antibodies and ELCA than they were using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. The assay has considerable potential as a general immunoassay amplification system, yielding a "color test" for antigens of interest with a detection limit not readily attainable using other chromogenic methodologies. PMID- 3481225 TI - Spermatological investigations in patients treated with etretinate and isotretinoin. AB - Possible side effects of the retinoids etretinate and isotretinoin on the germinal epithelium were examined. 15 men received etretinate and 13 isotretinoin. After 16 weeks of treatment at therapeutic doses, no changes were observed in fundamental spermatological parameters. On the basis of examinations and data in the literature, we hold the opinion that retinoid treatment is to be considered safe from the andrological viewpoint. PMID- 3481227 TI - Bioreactor system with solvent extraction for organic acid production. PMID- 3481228 TI - Membrane-assisted extractive butanol fermentation. PMID- 3481230 TI - The influence of "slip" on rheological measurements on a mycelial broth of Aspergillus niger. PMID- 3481229 TI - Transport phenomena in gas-sparged bioreactors. The significance of the elasticity of the microbial suspension. PMID- 3481231 TI - Continuous production of Bacillus exoenzymes through redox-regulation. PMID- 3481232 TI - The fungal production of cyclosporine. PMID- 3481233 TI - Manipulation of end-product distribution in strict anaerobes. PMID- 3481234 TI - Olfaction and taste IX. Ninth International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste. Snowmass Village, Colorado, July 20-24, 1986. PMID- 3481236 TI - Visual approach to fragrance description. PMID- 3481235 TI - A standardized olfactometer in Japan. A review over ten years. PMID- 3481237 TI - Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of the olfactory pathway in the cockroach. PMID- 3481238 TI - The mixture symposium. Summary and perspectives. PMID- 3481239 TI - How motile bacteria sense and respond to chemicals. PMID- 3481240 TI - Detection of inflammation with 99mTC-HMPAO labelled leucocytes. AB - 20 patients were studied with 99mTcHMPAO labelled leucocytes for detection of inflammation. 14 patients had positive uptake. 6 patients were examined also with 67Ga-citrate and 5 with 99mTc-nanocolloid. The 99mTc-HMPAO images were superior to other methods. Abscesses, osteitis, inflammatory bowel disease and graft infection were positive. Abscesses were positive at 30 min images and became more positive at 4 h. The 99mTc-HMPAO labelled leucocyte scan can be used also to follow up healing of inflammation. PMID- 3481241 TI - [Attention to CA 19.9 in alcoholics. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3481242 TI - Naltrexone decreases self-injurious behavior. AB - The effect of naltrexone (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg) on the frequency of self injurious behavior (SIB) was investigated in three male adolescents. The frequency of total SIB was reduced significantly in all three subjects; dose dependent decreases (at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg) in SIB frequency were observed in the two mentally retarded subjects. These data suggest a role for opioid peptides in SIB. PMID- 3481243 TI - Genetic studies on the Asmat population (Irian-Jaya, Indonesia). AB - The Asmat are a population of about 35,000 people living on the South-West coast of Irian-Jaya (Indonesia; New Guinea). This paper presents the results of enzyme group and serum protein group typings in a sample of Asmats living in the coastal region around Agats. Red cell enzyme polymorphisms (EaP, PGM1, 6-PGD, EsD, ADA and AK) could be typed in 154 blood samples, serum protein polymorphisms (Ge, alpha 1-AT, PLG, Tf and Hp) in 160 blood samples. The results of this study are discussed in detail. PMID- 3481244 TI - In vitro antistaphylococcal activity of pefloxacin alone and in combination with other antistaphylococcal drugs. AB - MICs of pefloxacin and nine antistaphylococcal drugs were determined for 200 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. All the strains were susceptible to pefloxacin, vancomycin, and rifampin. Oxacillin resistant strains were uniformly resistant to cephalothin and were more likely to be resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than were oxacillin-susceptible strains. Time-kill studies with 23 strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus indicated that the relative order of bactericidal activities was gentamicin greater than or equal to pefloxacin greater than oxacillin greater than vancomycin greater than rifampin. Pefloxacin combined with oxacillin or vancomycin killed staphylococci more rapidly than oxacillin or vancomycin alone but less rapidly than pefloxacin alone. Gentamicin combined with oxacillin, vancomycin, or pefloxacin resulted in the most rapid killing of gentamicin susceptible strains. Rifampin combined with oxacillin, vancomycin, or pefloxacin reduced the bactericidal activities of those drugs, but rifampin resistance was not observed as it was with rifampin alone. Pefloxacin is a potentially useful antistaphylococcal agent. PMID- 3481245 TI - Comparative activity of CGP 31608, nafcillin, cefamandole, imipenem, and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. AB - The activity of CGP 31608 for 53 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 48 strains of S. epidermidis, both methicillin susceptible and resistant, was compared with that of vancomycin, nafcillin, cefamandole, and imipenem. Microdilution MICs were determined in Mueller-Hinton broth with or without 2.5% NaCl at an inoculum of 3 x 10(5) CFU/ml with a 20-h, 37 degrees C incubation. The MICs of imipenem and CGP 31608 for methicillin-resistant strains were lower than the MICs of nafcillin or cefamandole for these strains; these differences diminished in the presence of 2.5% NaCl. Subpopulations were detected in strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis that were resistant to all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested at 5 micrograms/ml. This resistant subpopulation produced progeny that were uniformly resistant to high concentrations of each of the beta-lactams. PMID- 3481246 TI - Entry of roxithromycin (RU 965), imipenem, cefotaxime, trimethoprim, and metronidazole into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Entry of antibiotics into phagocytes is necessary for activity against intracellular organisms. Therefore, we examined the uptake of five of the newer antibiotics--roxithromycin (RU 965), imipenem, cefotaxime, trimethoprim, and metronidazole--by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Antibiotic uptake by PMN was determined by a velocity gradient centrifugation technique and expressed as the ratio of the cellular concentration of antibiotic to the extracellular concentration (C/E). Cefotaxime, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, was taken up poorly by phagocytes (C/E less than or equal to 0.3). The metronidazole concentration within PMN was similar to the extracellular level. Imipenem bound rapidly to phagocytes (C/E = 3), but cell-associated drug progressively declined during the incubation period. Trimethoprim was well concentrated by PMN (C/E = 9 to 13), and uptake was unexpectedly greater at 25 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. The most striking finding was that roxithromycin was more avidly concentrated by PMN (C/E = 34) than any other antibiotic we studied. Entry of roxithromycin into phagocytes was an active process and displayed saturation kinetics characteristic of a carrier-mediated membrane transport system. Ingestion of microbial particles by PMN slightly decreased the ability of these cells to accumulate roxithromycin (C/E = 24 to 31). These studies identified two antibiotics, trimethoprim and especially roxithromycin, which are markedly concentrated within human PMN and may prove useful in treatment of infections caused by susceptible intracellular organisms. PMID- 3481247 TI - Disk diffusion susceptibility testing of the Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - The susceptibilities of 225 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group to six antibiotics were determined by a new disk diffusion test in Wilkins-Chalgren agar and by the standard agar dilution method. For disk diffusion, the bacteria were directly suspended in saline and immediately swabbed onto 15-cm agar plates. Disks of cefoxitin (30 micrograms), chloramphenicol (30 micrograms), clindamycin (2 micrograms), moxalactam (30 micrograms), imipenem (10 micrograms), and ticarcillin (75 micrograms) were applied, and the plates were incubated at 37 degrees C in an anaerobic atmosphere. Zone sizes were measured at 24 h. The results of disk diffusion and agar dilution were compared by regression analysis by the method of least squares and by the error rate-bounded method. Zones were easily measured for 216 strains (96%). The correlation between the MICs and diameters of inhibition for cefoxitin, clindamycin, moxalactam, and ticarcillin was generally good. A correlation could not be established for chloramphenicol and imipenem, as there were too few resistant strains. With the recommended resistance breakpoints, the following susceptible and resistant zone diameter breakpoints could be established: cefoxitin, less than or equal to 19 and greater than or equal to 21 mm; clindamycin, less than or equal to 14 and greater than or equal to 18 mm; moxalactam, less than or equal to 21 and greater than or equal to 25 mm; and ticarcillin, less than or equal to 15 and greater than or equal to 16 mm. By applying these zone criteria, the percentage of false-susceptible strains was less than 1% and of false-resistant strains was less than 4% for the drugs tested. PMID- 3481248 TI - Recovery of pefloxacin in saliva and feces and its action on oral and fecal floras of healthy volunteers. AB - Pefloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was given to 10 volunteers in single 400-mg oral doses repeated at 12-h intervals during 7 days. Serum, saliva, and feces samples were collected before and at appropriate intervals after the initiation of treatment. Drug concentrations were determined by bioassay. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the saliva and fecal floras were performed. Mean concentrations in saliva (3.46 micrograms/ml on day 1 and 7.54 micrograms/ml on day 7) were closely related to levels in serum. High concentrations of pefloxacin were found in the feces (645 micrograms/g on day 8). No modification of oral flora was observed. In the fecal flora, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were eliminated between days 2 and 8. The alterations in streptococci and anaerobic flora were not significant; Bacteroides fragilis was more resistant to pefloxacin after treatment. Clostridium difficile was not detected, and there was no overgrowth by yeasts. No side effects were observed. PMID- 3481249 TI - Comparative effects of enoxacin and norfloxacin on human colonic microflora. AB - Ten healthy volunteers received 400 mg of enoxacin and another ten healthy volunteers received 200 mg of norfloxacin orally twice a day for 7 days. Fecal specimens were collected before, during, and after drug administration to study the impact of enoxacin and norfloxacin on the normal colonic microflora. On day 7, the mean concentrations of enoxacin and norfloxacin were 350 and 950 mg/kg of feces, respectively. Enoxacin and norfloxacin affected the colonic microflora in similar ways. The number of strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae was markedly suppressed during drug administration, whereas the gram-positive and anaerobic microfloras were not significantly altered. Two weeks after withdrawal of the drugs, the colonic microflora had returned to normal. PMID- 3481251 TI - The nature of pain--with particular reference to oro-facial pain. PMID- 3481252 TI - A study of the words used to describe pain. PMID- 3481250 TI - CA 125 in the serum and tissue of patients with gynecological disease. AB - Serum levels of CA 125 were determined in 239 patients suffering from gynecological malignancies. The upper limit for normal was 35 U/ml. Raised levels were found in 82% of patients with primary ovarian carcinoma, and in 29% of those with benign ovarian tumors. The values from patients with ovarian carcinomas in partial or complete remission were compared with those from patients with progressive disease. The former group had elevated levels in 19% compared to 89% in the latter group. Fifty-four percent of the values in progressive cervical carcinoma and 41% of the levels in progressive endometrial carcinoma were greater than 35 U/ml. High CA 125 levels were found in the cytosol of placenta, ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and in ascitic fluid; correlation with serum levels was satisfactory. Even though CA 125 is of limited specificity for ovarian cancer, serum levels are important for follow up care and for the early detection of recurrences. PMID- 3481253 TI - Comparisons of psychological and social factors in patients with chronic oro facial pain and dental phobic disorders. PMID- 3481254 TI - A method of intra-oral measurements of force produced in the 'tissue pressure technique'. PMID- 3481255 TI - A survey of removable partial denture prosthodontics: attitudes of dentists to treatment planning. PMID- 3481256 TI - Unusual root formation in a premolar with dens evaginatus. PMID- 3481257 TI - Aspects of the chemistry of polysulphide impression material. PMID- 3481258 TI - The cost of infection control. PMID- 3481259 TI - Local anaesthetic technique. PMID- 3481260 TI - Hypereosinophilia syndrome with pneumonia in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Eosinophilic pneumonia in association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is very rare. A teenage boy is described with eosinophilic pneumonia which preceded by several months the onset of ALL. Prior to establishment of the diagnosis he had been treated with corticosteroids with a transient response only. This delayed his final diagnosis until there were haematologic features of leukaemia. The leukaemic blasts were cALLA (CD10) positive and had a normal chromosome number with no translocations on banding studies. The pneumonia remitted rapidly when his leukaemia responded to chemotherapy. PMID- 3481261 TI - Esterase-25 (Es-25): identification and characterization of a new kidney arylesterase of the house mouse, genetically linked to Ly-18 on chromosome 12. AB - Genetic variation of a codominantly inherited kidney esterase, designated ES-25, has been discovered in the house mouse using disc electrophoresis. The ES-25A phenotype was found in A strains, AKR, and BALB/c. ES-25B was found in C57BL strains and several other laboratory strains. The enzyme was shown to be controlled by a presumed structural locus, Es-25. The high concordance in 48 RI strains of Es-25 with Ly-18 indicated the location of Es-25 on chromosome 12. The gene order Es-25-Ly-18-D12Nyul-Pre-1 was proposed. PMID- 3481262 TI - Supramolecular structure of tripeptidyl peptidase II from human erythrocytes as studied by electron microscopy, and its correlation to enzyme activity. AB - Tripeptidyl peptidase II is an extralysosomal serine peptidase of an unusually large size, i.e. Mr greater than 10(6) for the native enzyme and Mr 135000 for the subunit. The enzyme from human erythrocytes was studied by electron microscopy on samples negatively stained by ammonium molybdate. Two different structural representations of the purified enzyme were obtained, both with a length of about 50 nm, and consisting of repetitive substructures. Upon dialysis of the enzyme against a Tris/HCl buffer, the activity was gradually decreased. This decrease was shown to parallel the dissociation of the large enzyme structures into smaller ones, the smallest measuring 3 nm by 10 nm and apparently corresponding to the repetitive substructures. The results indicate that a large polymeric form of the enzyme is a prerequisite for full activity. PMID- 3481264 TI - Glycine flanked by hydrophobic bulky amino acid residues as minimal sequence for effective subtilisin catalysis. AB - The specificity of alkaline mesentericopeptidase (a proteinase closely related to subtilisin BPN') for the C-terminal moiety of the peptide substrate (Pi' specificity) has been studied in both hydrolysis and aminolysis reactions. N Anthraniloylated peptide p-nitroanilides as fluorogenic substrates and amino acid or peptide derivatives as nucleophiles were used in the enzymic peptide hydrolysis and synthesis. Both hydrolysis and aminolysis kinetic data suggest a stringent specificity of mesentericopeptidase and related subtilisins to glycine as P1' residue and predilection for bulky hydrophobic P2' residues. A synergism in the action of S1' and S2'subsites has been observed. It appears that glycine flanked on both sides by hydrophobic bulky amino acid residues is the minimal amino acid sequence for an effective subtilisin catalysis. PMID- 3481263 TI - Neutral endopeptidase-24.11 (enkephalinase). Biosynthesis and localization in human fibroblasts. AB - The biosynthesis, glycosylation and subcellular localization of the neutral endopeptidase-24.11 were studied in cultured human fibroblasts. The enzyme was synthesized as a precursor (Mr 88,000) containing four or five N-linked oligosaccharides. Within 1 h the synthesis-mature (Mr 94,000) endopeptidase-24.11 was formed and contained sialylated oligosaccharides. The half-life of endopeptidase-24.11 was 3.7 days and in the presence of 10 mM-NH4Cl it increased to 6 days. Mature endopeptidase-24.11 was solubilized with 0.2% saponin and partitioned into Triton X-114. In intact fibroblasts, endopeptidase-24.11 was accessible to antibodies and to neuraminidase even when the treatment was performed at 4 degrees C. The localization of endopeptidase-24.11 to the plasma membrane in cultured fibroblasts was further demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. PMID- 3481265 TI - Hepatic carbon flux after re-feeding in the glycogen-storage-disease (gsd/gsd) rat. AB - In this study we utilized the phosphorylase b kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rat as a model of hepatic substrate utilization where there is a constraint on glycogenesis imposed by the maintenance of high glycogen concentrations. Glucose re-feeding of 48 h-starved gsd/gsd rats led to suppression of hepatic glucose output. In contrast with the situation in normal rats, activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and lipogenesis was observed. It is suggested that impeding glycogenic flux may divert substrate into lipogenesis, possibly via activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 3481266 TI - Effect of chronic treatment with a purified flavonoid fraction on inflammatory granuloma in the rat. Study of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 release and histological changes. AB - S-5682 (Daflon-500 mg), a purified flavonoid fraction, consisting of 90% diosmin (a flavone derivative) and 10% hesperidin (a flavanone derivative), was administered to rats by intubation in the daily dose of 100 mg/d. 15 days after the start of treatment, polyurethane sponges were implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue in the dorsolumbar region under rapid ether anaesthesia. Similar fragments of sponge were implanted in a group of control animals who received the vehicle (saccharose syrup) only, also by the oral route. The rats were sacrificed in fractions of 7 animals drawn from each of the two groups (control and treated) after 4, 8, 16 and 30 days (only 5 animals from each group on day 30) after implantation of the polyurethane sponges. The granulomas formed were removed, weighed and their prostaglandin (PG)E2, PGF2 alpha and thromboxane (Tx)B2 contents were determined. In addition a full cell count (polymorphs, lymphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes and giant cells) was performed and the animals were histologically examined. The results show that treatment of the animals with S-5682 had the following effects: 1. A significant fall in the mean weight of the granulomas formed after 4 and 8 days was observed, reflecting inhibition of oedema formation during the early phase of the inflammatory reaction. 2. The synthesis of PGE2 (78.5% inhibition on day 4) and PGF2 alpha (45.2% on day 16) was inhibited. 3. There was very early inhibition of TxB2 synthesis (59.5% inhibition on day 4). 4. A later reduction in cell migration towards the inflammatory focus occurred which was statistically significant on day 16 (49.6% reduction in the total number of migrant cells). 5. Multiple histological aspects of the acute inflammatory reaction (diapedesis of polymorphs, lymphocytes, histiocytes and macrophages) and features of the chronic inflammatory reaction (newly formed microvascularisation of the granuloma tissue, perivascular oedema, presence of collagen fibres) were improved. PMID- 3481267 TI - [Metastatic skipping in the bone marrow (skip metastases) in osteosarcoma. Frequency and clinical implications?]. AB - The existence of skip metastases in osteosarcoma, a particular type of spread of this tumor, has been questioned. We have reviewed 229 cases of osteosarcomas and found two instances of skip metastases. In both the histological appearance of the metastatic forms and the primary tumor were identical. Our experience suggests that skip metastases are less frequent than originally proposed by Enneking and we discuss the possible clinical implications of our findings. PMID- 3481268 TI - Prostaglandin responses in isolated perfused rat liver: Ca2+ and K+ fluxes, hemodynamic and metabolic effects. AB - Addition of prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostaglandin E2 to isolated perfused rat liver led to a dose-dependent, transient net Ca2+ release, which was completed within 3 min. Withdrawal of the prostaglandins resulted in a Ca2+ re-uptake over a period of about 10 min. Simultaneously, these prostaglandins induced an increase of portal pressure, stimulated hepatic glucose output and 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glutamate and led to K+ movements across the hepatocyte plasma membrane similar to those observed with other Ca2+-mobilizing agents. With prostaglandin F2 alpha there was a close correlation between the net Ca2+ release and the maximal rate of initial net K+ uptake by the liver (linear regression coefficient r = 0.902; n = 20). Prostaglandin F2 alpha was more effective than prostaglandin E2 or D2. Because prostaglandins are known to be produced by hepatic non-parenchymal cells during stimulation by phagocytosis or by addition of extracellular ATP or UTP, these data suggest an interaction between non parenchymal and parenchymal liver cells and point to a modulating role of prostaglandins in hepatic metabolism and microcirculation, which is mediated by Ca2+-mobilizing mechanisms. PMID- 3481269 TI - Post-proline cleaving enzyme in human cerebrospinal fluid from control patients and parkinsonian patients. AB - PPCE activity was found in human CSF by using a HPLC-fluorescence method. PPCE activity in CSF from control patients without neurological diseases was 2.19 +/- 0.78 (mean +/- SD) pmole (hr)-1.(ml)-1. PPCE activity in CSF from patients with Parkinson's disease was significantly decreased while PPCE activity in serum did not change significantly. PMID- 3481270 TI - Immunological and chemical analysis of P6, the carboxyl-terminal fragment of HIV P15. AB - The first open reading frame of the HIV genome has been identified as the gag gene. The proteins encoded by this gene are p17 as the amino-terminal protein, p24 as the middle peptide, and p15 as the carboxyl-terminal end. A monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigenic determinant on a fragment of p15 has been developed and designated M35/2F8. This monoclonal has been instrumental in radiosequencing the carboxyl-terminal product of p15, p6, and in determining the cleavage site between this protein and the amino-terminal product, p7. By immunoaffinity chromatography it was also possible to purify p6 from HIV lysates and all p6 containing polyproteins from HIV-infected cells. These results gave more insight into the composition and processing of the HIV gag gene. PMID- 3481271 TI - Simple, rapid, quantitative, syncytium-forming microassay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibody. AB - A simple, rapid, quantitative syncytium-forming microassay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) isolates is described. A virus-syncytial sensitive clone of CEM cells (CEM-SS) was identified and made adherent to flat bottom 96-well microtiter dishes. Following the addition of virus, these cells develop easily quantifiable, adherent syncytia on a background of confluent, normal CEM-SS monolayer in 4 to 6 days. One-hit kinetics for syncytia formation were obtained at various multiplicities of infection. Syncytia are associated with complete virion production and cytoplasmic localization of the p24 core protein (detected by immunofluorescence). Total infectious virus can be accurately determined in this assay; these results showed a close correlation with p24 and gp120 induction when microtiter well supernatants were passed to fresh cells and evaluated by competitive radioimmunoassay. Studies of p24 antigen induction at and beyond the end point of syncytia formation indicate that there are no detectable nonsyncytial variants in standard HIV-I stocks. Six divergent HIV-I isolates (HTLV-IIIB, -RFII, -MN, -RUTZ, -CC, and LAV-1), as well as HTLV IIIB and LAV-1 reisolated from persistently infected chimpanzees, produce quantifiable syncytia which vary slightly in their developmental morphology. Accurate neutralization titers are readily obtained from easily constructed multiplicity curves derived from serial dilutions of test sera. Inherent within this system is a flexible method for studying various kinetics of antibody/virus interactions, as well as blocking and interference studies with any candidate antiviral compounds. PMID- 3481272 TI - Dentofacial changes in untreated Class II division 1 subjects. AB - Basic descriptive cephalometric data are presented for 30 individuals with untreated Class II Division 1 malocclusions, 15 males and 15 females. Two radiographs of each subject were examined, the mean age for the first being 12 years one month, and for the second 17 years five months, thus spanning the period during which orthodontic treatment is usually carried out. Mean values for 38 bony and dentoalveolar parameters were calculated, and the male and female groups were compared. There was a tendency on average to a mild skeletal II pattern, with mild mandibular retrognathism. The mean increase in many of the linear measurements in the males was up to three times that seen in the females, and the females had a more downwards and backwards pattern of mandibular growth rotation than the males. PMID- 3481273 TI - Radiographic localization of unerupted teeth in the anterior part of the maxilla: a survey of methods currently employed. AB - The radiographic prescribing habits of consultants in orthodontics and oral surgery are described with specific reference to assessment of unerupted maxillary canine teeth. Orthodontists use more radiographs than oral surgeons under these circumstances. The relative radiation for commonly used combinations of radiographs has been summarized and recommendations made regarding the use of certain of these. PMID- 3481274 TI - Changes in soft tissue profile during the treatment of Class III malocclusion. AB - The changes in soft tissue profile for 66 Angle's Class III malocclusion subjects treated either with the Function Regulator, or Upper Removable Appliances, or the Edgewise Appliance were assessed by comparing cephalometric radiographs taken before and after correction of the anterior occlusion. While the mean soft tissue profile in all groups improved in relation to a Control Group, the FR.III Group demonstrated the most profound change. PMID- 3481275 TI - Supplemental maxillary deciduous canines. AB - A case of supplemental maxillary deciduous canines is described in a ten-year-old Saudi boy. Supplemental teeth usually occur in the maxilla and occasionally in the mandible, generally involving the permanent lateral incisors. The prevalence of supplemental deciduous teeth is discussed. PMID- 3481276 TI - An investigation of the features of the pre-term infant palate and the effect of prolonged orotracheal intubation with and without protective appliances. AB - The features of premature low birth weight infant palates were examined. Babies of less than 32 weeks gestation at birth were compared with 30 who had required orotracheal intubation for ten or more days. By random selection half of these babies were fitted with a protective supporting appliance during the intubation phase. Prolonged orotracheal intubation was shown to be associated with narrowing, deepening and some anterior elongation of the developing palate. The protective appliance was shown to reduce the extent of these changes and provided an additional means of orotracheal tube support. PMID- 3481277 TI - An investigation into the reliability of the timing headgear. AB - Thirteen cervical timing headgears, then commercially available, were subjected to testing under laboratory conditions. Continuous and intermittent forces were applied, these being varied between 200 and 1000 gm. Forces were applied by attaching the cervical straps to a cylindrical drum, to activate the timer switch. Each headgear showed only moderate variation in accuracy under different phases of the testing, although timing accuracy varied considerably between individual headgears. The overall performances produced mean timing accuracy values exceeding 90 per cent in only four appliances, indicating that these 'Patient Motivators' did not provide a consistently dependable recording of headgear usage. PMID- 3481278 TI - The teaching of undergraduate orthodontics in Nigeria. AB - A description is given of the teaching of Orthodontics to Undergraduate Dental Students in Nigeria over the last 15 years. The advantages of a change in Orthodontic curriculum at the University of Lagos Dental School are highlighted. The importance of having at least one full-time Orthodontist, in each Nigerian dental school, is emphasized. PMID- 3481279 TI - Adult cephalometric norms for Saudi Arabians with a comparison of values for Saudi and North American Caucasians. AB - When considering orthognathic surgery for adult Saudi Arabians, there are as yet no cephalometric norms available for use during treatment planning. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for 48 Saudi adult patients (24 males, 24 females). All showed reasonably normal dental relationship, with no severe antero posterior, vertical or transverse skeletal discrepancies. The age range was from 20 to 46 years. Angular and linear measurements were recorded and compared to a similar sample of North American caucasians. A set of cephalometric values for male and female Saudis were established and the differences between these and a North American sample are highlighted. PMID- 3481280 TI - A new solution to a difficult problem of orthodontic retention. AB - A report of an aesthetic and simple restorative solution to a difficult problem of orthodontic retention. The case described involved the use of etch retained porcelain restorations and includes a porcelain cantilever laminate bridge. PMID- 3481282 TI - An interactive computer program for recording and analysing longitudinal cephalometric growth material. AB - An interactive suite of chained programs is described for recording, measuring, and analysing a large number of longitudinal cephalometric records. The programs are arranged in a logical sequence, and integrated with the hardware, to ensure a smooth and automatic running of the system from data collection to data analysis. The results of the analysis can be presented in suitable numerical and/or graphical forms to show individual as well as mean growth profiles. PMID- 3481281 TI - Arch dimensional changes during and following fixed appliance therapy. AB - A retrospective investigation of the study casts of 23 subjects, treated by Fixed Appliances and the extraction of four premolars, using the Reflex Metrograph showed a general trend for a reduction in mean arch dimensions both during and following treatment. An exception was demonstrated in the intercanine width, which for both arches showed slight expansion during treatment, although this was lost post-treatment in the mandibular arch while it was maintained in some cases in the maxillary arch. PMID- 3481283 TI - The training of future orthodontic consultants in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3481285 TI - Straight wire appliance courses. PMID- 3481284 TI - Introductory courses on fixed appliances. PMID- 3481286 TI - Gene markers for inherited disease. PMID- 3481287 TI - The relationship of HLA to depression and manic depression. I. The Newfoundland follow-up. AB - This report constitutes the Newfoundland component of a large scale replication study to assess the relationship of HLA to affective disorders; the Ontario component will be published subsequently. In a collaborative study between the University of Toronto, Memorial University and the University of Rochester, first degree family members of Probands with major affective disorder in Newfoundland were assessed for the lifetime presence of psychiatric disorder; their blood was also typed for Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA). Because of the high rate of refusal to participate, only 10 Newfoundland families could be assessed completely. While this number of families is too small to evaluate the role of HLA as a marker of susceptibility to affective disorder, the results will be added to those of the larger Ontario component. Some problems of conducting research in communities similar to those found in Newfoundland are briefly discussed in the context of characteristics of the Probands in the study group as compared with those of subjects who refused entry into the study. PMID- 3481288 TI - Matrix systems for posterior composite restorations. PMID- 3481289 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant drugs: pharmacologic implications in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. PMID- 3481290 TI - Gutta-percha/eucapercha, Part I: Characteristics and an update of the technique. PMID- 3481291 TI - Marketing cosmetic dentistry. PMID- 3481292 TI - Philosophy of restorations. PMID- 3481293 TI - Reducing mercury vapor. PMID- 3481294 TI - Manpower pilot project. PMID- 3481295 TI - Obtaining patient history. PMID- 3481296 TI - Malpractice: prevention and claims. PMID- 3481297 TI - AIDS update. PMID- 3481298 TI - Prevention of HIV transmission. PMID- 3481299 TI - Statement on dental auxiliaries. 1987 ADA House of Delegates interim policy statement. PMID- 3481300 TI - Smoking cessation. PMID- 3481301 TI - Influence of ceftizoxime on the immune system. AB - In the last few years the interest about the influence on host/parasite relations exerted by antibiotics has increased. In this study we have studied the effect of ceftizoxime, a third generation cephalosporin, on some functional parameters of human macrophages and granulocytes. Ceftizoxime does not seem to exert any stimulatory effect on phagocytosis and chemotaxis, but at the same time it allows these cells to explicate their functions during an infective process. A separate series of experiments was designed in order to investigate the immunogenicity of ceftizoxime and its immunological cross-reactivity versus other beta-lactam antibiotics. The low ELISA title of ceftizoxime indicates its weak immunogenic power. Cross-reactivity was also very low (title 1:25) when ceftizoxime was tested against the other antibiotics. PMID- 3481303 TI - Phosphorylation of S-II, a eukaryotic transcription factor, by casein kinase II. PMID- 3481302 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium against some quinolones. AB - The in vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin was studied by the agar dilution method. All strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum were inhibited by 2 mg/ml or less of these antimicrobial agents. Concentrations higher than achievable blood levels were necessary to inhibit Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium avium. PMID- 3481304 TI - [A preliminary study on correlation between 5 types of syndrome and HLA]. PMID- 3481305 TI - Convoluted cells as a marker for maternal cell contamination in CVS culture. PMID- 3481306 TI - Deletion of the DXS165 locus in patients with classical choroideremia. AB - Using various probes from the Xq21 region which is known to carry the choroideremia (tapetochoroideal dystrophy, TCD) locus, we have screened the DNAs from eight unrelated male choroidermia patients for microdeletions. In two of these patients, but not in any of 45 males tested as controls, lack of hybridization signals with probe plbD5 suggested a deletion encompassing the DXS165 locus and (part of) the TCD gene. Absence of additional clinical features in these patients and the fact that two closely linked, and probably flanking, TCD markers (DXYS1 and DXS72) are not deleted may indicate that the physical distance between the DXS165 locus and the TCD gene is small. PMID- 3481307 TI - The interaction of mofebutazone with furosemide. AB - A study was carried out in 10 healthy male subjects to investigate whether mofebutazone, a phenylbutazone derivative, influenced furosemide-induced diuresis and PGE2 excretion as has been shown with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin and indomethacin. The subjects received, at random, a single dose of either 40 mg furosemide or 40 mg furosemide plus 600 mg mofebutazone and were then crossed over to the other regimen after 10 days. Urine was collected for 45 minutes before and then for six 45-minute clearance periods after drug administration. Urine volumes and excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, creatinine and the main metabolite of PGE2 were measured at the end of each period, as were blood levels of creatinine and mofebutazone from samples taken before, during and after administration. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups, indicating no interaction between mofebutazone and the diuretic. PMID- 3481308 TI - A tissue-specific fragile site associated with the sex reversed (Sxr) mutation in the mouse. AB - We have observed a chromosomal marker which has both the appearance and behavior of a fragile site and is associated with the mouse sex reversed (Sxr) mutation. The observation of a chromosomal fragile site at this location is of interest since it is a region of enhanced meiotic recombination, Sxr being adjacent to the site of exchange between the X and Y chromosomes in the male. However it is an unusual fragile site in two respects: it is spontaneously expressed in relatively high frequency and this expression is tissue specific. We have observed the fragile site in extraembryonic tissues, preimplantation embryos and premeiotic germ cells, all of which share the property of being undermethylated by comparison with embryonic tissues. PMID- 3481309 TI - [Clinical analysis of 18 cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia grouped by immunologic subtype]. PMID- 3481310 TI - First International Symposium on Ofloxacin. Proceedings. Mainz, 27-28 November 1986. PMID- 3481311 TI - Acute nongonococcal epididymitis. Aetiological and therapeutic aspects. AB - In this study, 20 men suffering from acute nongonococcal epididymitis were treated with ofloxacin 200mg bid given orally for 2 weeks. Patients were re examined after 2, 6, and 12 weeks. The outcome was assessed both clinically and microbiologically. Two weeks after start of therapy, the causative agent (Chlamydia trachomatis) was still present in only 1 patient, although local painful swelling of the epididymis persisted in 14 men. During the follow-up period, local signs of epididymitis decreased. After 12 weeks, an eradication of the causative micro-organisms was found in 16 of 20 cases. In 4 men, infection by the primary pathogen persisted: Escherichia coli (2); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1) and C. trachomatis (1). Local pain and swelling was still detected in 6 of 20 men. PMID- 3481314 TI - Chemotherapy of otitis media with ofloxacin. AB - This study evaluated the therapeutic role of ofloxacin in different forms of otitis media. After identifying the infecting bacteria in 250 patients with acute otitis media, or chronic otitis media, the clinical efficacy of orally administered ofloxacin 200mg twice daily was assessed in 45 patients from each of these groups. The clinical results were comparable with those obtained after conventional local and oral antibiotic therapy. Microbiological examination of the ear secretions revealed Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to be the main pathogens in acute otitis media, whereas in chronic otitis media P. aeruginosa and Proteus sp. were detected in most of the cases. Ofloxacin concentrations in secretions and mucosa specimens of the middle ear exceeded serum concentrations by more than 2 fold. On the basis of these preliminary results, ofloxacin appears to be an effective orally administered agent, without ototoxicity, which is effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, 2 important pathogens in middle ear infections. Ofloxacin should be considered as an alternative for the therapy of otitis media, especially the chronic forms. PMID- 3481313 TI - Ofloxacin treatment in the management of chronic osteitis. AB - In an open prospective study, the efficacy and tolerability of ofloxacin in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic osteitis was examined in 83 patients. 103 different pathogens were isolated. More than 75% were Gram-positive bacteria with Staphylococcus aureus occurring in 61% of cases. After ofloxacin treatment bacteriological elimination was more than 90% for both Gram-positive and Gram negative species, leading to a clinical cure in 85% of patients. Reinfection occurred in 5% of patients. These values were obtained from follow-up examinations which were carried out at least 6 months after the end of therapy. The tolerability of ofloxacin was excellent and no drug-related allergic reactions or side effects were observed. In conjunction with adequate surgical treatment, ofloxacin proved to be a useful antibacterial agent in the therapy of chronic bone infection. PMID- 3481312 TI - Efficacy and tolerance of oral ofloxacin in treating various infections. AB - 66 patients were given daily doses of ofloxacin between 400 and 800 mg for 10 days to 6 months. They were suffering from exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (15), soft tissue phlegmon (11), complicated urinary tract infections (7), bronchopneumonia (7), chronic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (8), chronic prostatitis in exacerbation (5), lower urinary tract infections (3), chronic otitis media (3), acute otitis (3), acute bronchitis (1), lung abscess (2) or liver abscess (1). Pathogens included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24), Haemophilus influenzae (16), Proteus mirabilis (6), Escherichia coli (6), Enterobacter cloacae (6), Providencia stuartii (2), Serratia marcescens (2), Citrobacter diversus (1), Salmonella enteritidis (1), Acinetobacter anitratus (1), Staphylococcus aureus (1) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (1). In 35 patients (53%), several aggravating factors coexisted. MICs of ofloxacin ranged from less than or equal to 0.06 to 2 mg/L. Clinically, 65% of the patients were considered as cured, 17% improved and 18% failed to respond. Bacteriologically, pathogens were eradicated in 62%, persisted in 16% and relapsed in 22%. Adverse reactions included gastrointestinal disturbances (4), rash plus facial oedema (1), abnormal liver function (2) and leucopenia (1). PMID- 3481315 TI - Interpretive criteria for the agar diffusion susceptibility test with ofloxacin. AB - Regression analyses to determine the correlation of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and inhibition zones produced by ofloxacin discs were carried out with 300 freshly isolated cultures of infective organisms (20 strains from each of 15 species). After pilot studies, 5 micrograms loaded discs were chosen. Studies were performed simultaneously by using ICS/DIN and Kirby Bauer/NCCLS methods on Mueller-Hinton agar. It was found that the correlation becomes poorer with increasing disc loads and when the Kirby-Bauer method is used. Based on preliminary MIC breakpoints of greater than or equal to 2 mg/L and greater than or equal to 8 mg/L and by calculations from regression equations, the following zone interpretations using the NCCLS method are recommended: resistant up to 12mm, intermediate 13 to 15mm, susceptible 16mm or more. The values for the DIN method are: resistant up to 13mm, intermediate 14 to 17mm, susceptible 18mm or more. No major errors were found in zone interpretations. Minor errors were observed in 0.7% when the NCCLS method was used, and in 1.3% with the DIN method. PMID- 3481316 TI - Influence of ofloxacin on the faecal flora. AB - In a continuing, Norwegian-Swedish collaborative study, the effects of several antimicrobials upon intestinal biochemical microflora-associated characteristics are being investigated. In the present study, 7 healthy volunteers were given ofloxacin 200mg bid for 6 days. Faecal sampling was performed twice before, on days 3 and 6 during treatment, and weekly to monthly afterwards. Blood sampling was performed on day 6 during treatment. The concentrations of ofloxacin were measured in faeces and serum on day 6. Additionally, the following microflora associated characteristics were studied in all the faecal samples: presence of short chain fatty acids, absence of beta-aspartylglycine, production of coprostanol, formation of urobilinogen, inactivation of tryptic activity and breakdown of mucin. The mean concentrations of ofloxacin in faeces and serum were 44.0 mg/kg and 2.1 mg/L, respectively. In contrast to most of the other antimicrobials so far tested, ofloxacin exerted almost no influence upon the microflora-associated characteristics investigated. PMID- 3481317 TI - Steady-state kinetics of the quinolone derivatives ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin during maintenance treatment with theophylline. AB - Some of the new quinolone derivatives may be of value in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. It has been demonstrated that enoxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin, but not ofloxacin, decreased the metabolic clearance of the bronchodilator theophylline. This resulted in elevated plasma theophylline concentrations and, in some of the patients, theophylline toxicity. When the pharmacokinetic parameters of enoxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin obtained in the present study were compared with those obtained from other studies in healthy volunteers not given concomitant theophylline, there was no evidence of theophylline influencing the clearance of the investigated quinolones. PMID- 3481318 TI - Interaction between quinolones and caffeine. AB - The effects of multiple doses of ofloxacin 200 mg, ciprofloxacin 250 mg or enoxacin 400 mg (all twice daily) on the pharmacokinetic properties of single doses of caffeine (220 to 230 mg) were investigated in 12 healthy volunteers. Intraindividual comparisons showed that ciprofloxacin and enoxacin significantly inhibited the elimination of caffeine. Ofloxacin, however, did not affect any of the measured pharmacokinetic properties of caffeine. Thus, caffeine should be avoided in patients with liver disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, latent epilepsy or in intensive care while undergoing treatment with enoxacin or ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3481319 TI - Ofloxacin in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3481320 TI - Ofloxacin in lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3481321 TI - Activity of ofloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 3481322 TI - Application of ofloxacin in gynaecology. PMID- 3481323 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of new quinolones. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of the new quinolones are characterised by a high volume of distribution, long biological half-life, low serum protein binding, elimination mainly by the kidneys, high total and renal clearances, limited biotransformation and a moderate to excellent bioavailability after oral administration. However, each quinolone derivative (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin) possesses individual pharmacokinetic characteristics, which should be considered in the treatment of patients, especially when liver and/or renal dysfunction exists. PMID- 3481324 TI - Penetration of ofloxacin from blood to sputum. AB - Serum and sputum concentrations of ofloxacin were measured by a microbiological agar-well diffusion assay in nearly 100 patients after single 400, 600 or 800 mg doses of ofloxacin. All patients were admitted to hospital because of acute purulent exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease, and the concentration studies were performed on the first treatment day while the sputum was still purulent. Both blood and sputum samples were tested at standardised time intervals after dosage, and concentration-time curves were constructed. Cmax values in serum and sputum were 3.7 and 2.7 mg/L after 400 mg ofloxacin, 7.1 and 6.1 mg/L after 600 mg and 8.8 and 6.3 mg/L after 800 mg. Penetration from blood to sputum, as judged from ratio of AUC values for sputum and serum, varied from 78 to 103%. PMID- 3481325 TI - Penetration of ofloxacin into bronchial secretions. AB - The penetration of ofloxacin into bronchial secretions was evaluated in 16 patients after administration of a single oral dose of ofloxacin 400mg. Bronchial secretions were aspirated at bronchoscopy after 1 to 6 hours and serum was collected simultaneously. Ofloxacin concentrations were measured by a microbiological assay method. Considerable individual variations in serum and bronchial aspirate concentrations were recorded: bronchial aspirate concentrations varied between 1.1 mg/L and 4.5 mg/L but exceeded 1.5 mg/L in 14 of 16 patients between 1 and 6 hours. The ratio between simultaneous mean bronchial aspirate and serum concentrations ranged between 0.53 in the second hour and 0.92 in the fourth hour. It is likely that inhibitory activity will be sustained over at least 6 hours against most potential respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may have minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than ofloxacin concentrations achieved in bronchial secretions, although some isolates are less sensitive. Clinical studies should establish the relevance of pharmacokinetic data to respiratory infections caused by organisms of borderline susceptibility. PMID- 3481326 TI - Diffusion of ofloxacin into human lung tissue. AB - Ofloxacin 200mg twice daily was administered to 17 patients with pulmonary disorders, which necessitated surgery, during the preceding 48 hours and 200mg was administered 1 hour before the operation. During surgery, blood samples and specimens of healthy and diseased lung tissues were taken simultaneously. Ofloxacin levels were determined by HPLC. The mean values of the tissue concentration/plasma concentration ratio were 3.5 +/- 0.4 for the healthy tissue and 3.9 +/- 0.4 for the diseased tissue. These values reflected good penetration of ofloxacin into both healthy and atelectasic pulmonary parenchyma. PMID- 3481327 TI - Biliary tract excretion of ofloxacin in man. AB - This study examined the biliary tract excretion of ofloxacin in 6 post cholecystectomy patients with a T-tube inserted into the common duct (group A) and 6 patients during cholecystectomy (group B). The patients were given 7 oral doses of ofloxacin 200mg with a 12-hour interval between each dose. Blood and common duct bile samples were collected in group A at various time intervals after the first and the seventh dose. Blood, gallbladder wall, and gallbladder and common duct bile were collected in group B during operation, 6 hours after the seventh dose. Assays were performed by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In group A, mean serum Cmax and half-life were 2.6 mg/L and 7.6 hours after the first dose, and 5.3 mg/L and 8 hours after the seventh dose, respectively. Mean common duct bile Cmax and half-life were 6.5 mg/L and 7.5 hours after the first dose, and 12.0 mg/L and 14 hours after the seventh dose, respectively. In group B, mean concentrations (mg/L) were 2.6 in blood, 5.3 in gallbladder wall, 24.6 in gallbladder bile and 10.1 in common duct bile, 6 hours after the seventh dose. These data suggest that ofloxacin may be suitable for the treatment of biliary tract infections. PMID- 3481328 TI - In vitro activity and concentrations in serum, urine, prostatic secretion and adenoma tissue of ofloxacin in urological patients. AB - Studies in vitro showed that at concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/L ofloxacin inhibited 94 and 99% of the Gram-negative pathogens in isolates cultured from the urine of patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). Against Gram positive bacteria, 60 and 100% were inhibited at the corresponding concentrations. Comparisons of the MIC90 values of 8 quinolones showed the decreasing order of in vitro antibacterial activity to be ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, enoxacin, pipemidic acid, nalidixic acid and cinoxacin. After an oral dose of ofloxacin 400mg, the mean peak serum concentration in 10 elderly patients was 5.5 mg/L and mean renal excretion during 24 hours was 41%. In 17 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate, ofloxacin 400mg was given for perioperative prophylaxis. Two to 4.5 hours after administration, the median concentrations in prostatic secretion (5 patients) and prostatic adenoma tissue were 4.0 mg/L and 4.1 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding serum concentrations of ofloxacin were 3.4 and 3.9 mg/L, respectively. In a group of 10 patients, 14.5 to 19.5 hours after oral administration of ofloxacin 400mg the median serum and prostatic adenoma tissue concentrations of ofloxacin were 1.9 mg/L and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively. The in vitro activity of ofloxacin concentrations attained in serum, urine, prostatic secretion and adenoma tissue show that it appears to be well suited for the treatment of complicated UTI. PMID- 3481329 TI - A preliminary report on the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin, desmethyl ofloxacin and ofloxacin N-oxide in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The in vitro activities of ofloxacin, desmethyl ofloxacin and ofloxacin N-oxide were determined and a specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for these 3 compounds was devised as part of a study of the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin and its metabolites in patients with impaired renal function. Desmethyl ofloxacin had significant antimicrobial activity but less than that of the parent drug. In 2 patients with chronic renal failure, specific HPLC assay indicated an extended half-life for ofloxacin (approximately 13 hours) and the appearance in serum of low concentrations of both metabolites after 10 hours, persisting until the last blood sample was taken (32 hours). Further studies using specific assays are needed, particularly in patients undergoing haemodialysis and after administration of multiple doses. PMID- 3481330 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in patients on haemodialysis treatment. AB - Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of ofloxacin were measured in 10 patients on haemodialysis treatment. Serum half-life during the interdialytic interval was 48 hours, and during haemodialysis treatment 10 hours. The decrease in serum concentrations during a 4-hour haemodialysis was 25%. After several doses of ofloxacin, saturation of the tissues and a rediffusion of ofloxacin from the tissues during haemodialysis has to be assumed. This equalizes the rate of elimination, and the serum ofloxacin concentration did not change during the last 2 hours of haemodialysis. The negative influence of phosphate binders on the resorption of ofloxacin can be confirmed. The following ofloxacin dosage regimen is recommended in haemodialysis patients: 200 mg initially, 100 mg loading dose after the first haemodialysis, then 100 mg daily. PMID- 3481331 TI - An open randomised comparison of ofloxacin and doxycycline in lower respiratory tract infections. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin and doxycycline were compared in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Doses used were 200 or 400mg twice daily for ofloxacin and 100mg twice daily for doxycycline. Of 230 patients treated, 219 could be assessed for effectiveness. 88 patients were treated for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and 131 for pneumonia. Clinical cure was achieved in 18 of 52 patients with bronchitis treated with ofloxacin. Improvement occurred in 29 and failure in 5. In the doxycycline-treated bronchitis group 11 of 36 patients were cured, 22 improved and 1 failure occurred. Of 62 patients with pneumonia who were administered ofloxacin, 34 were cured, 26 improved and treatment failed in 2. In the doxycycline-treated group of patients with pneumonia 39 of 69 were cured, 23 improved and 7 failed to respond. Two patients experienced adverse effects during ofloxacin treatment and 7 while receiving doxycycline. PMID- 3481332 TI - Bactericidal activity of ofloxacin versus roxithromycin in the treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Ofloxacin is highly active against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli, but moderately active against Gram-positive cocci. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Streptococcus pneumoniae range between 1 and 2 mg/L. MICs of roxithromycin (RU 28965) against S. pneumoniae range between 0.004 and 0.03 mg/L, but Gram-negative bacilli are resistant. The bactericidal activities of ofloxacin and roxithromycin were evaluated against 15 strains of S. pneumoniae, which were isolated recently from clinical specimens. Killing activity was evaluated under conditions simulating serum pharmacokinetic parameters. Initial concentrations were 10 mg/L for roxithromycin and 2 mg/L for ofloxacin, and the half-life was 6 hours for both compounds. Under these conditions, roxithromycin was rapidly bactericidal. The speed at which pneumococci were killed was faster with roxithromycin than with ofloxacin. No regrowth was seen with roxithromycin, but regrowth occurred in 8 of 15 strains with ofloxacin. PMID- 3481333 TI - Open randomised comparison of ofloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. AB - The efficacies of ofloxacin and norfloxacin in the treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infections were compared. 30 adult outpatients suffering from underlying urinary tract disease, with pyuria of 10 or more WBC/hpf and bacteriuria of 10(4) or more viable organisms per millilitre, were randomly assigned to receive ofloxacin 200mg once daily or norfloxacin 400mg twice daily for 10 days. After treatment pyuria was cleared in 9 cases and decreased or unchanged in 6 cases in the ofloxacin group. The corresponding numbers were 10 and 5 in the norfloxacin group. Bacteriuria was eliminated in 12 patients, unchanged in 1 and replaced in 2 in the ofloxacin group. In the norfloxacin group bacteriuria was eliminated in 8 cases, unchanged in 1, decreased in 1 and replaced in 5. The overall effectiveness rate was 14 of 15 in the ofloxacin group and 12 of 15 in the norfloxacin group. Ofloxacin 200mg once daily was as effective as norfloxacin 400mg twice daily in this open study. PMID- 3481334 TI - [Electrophoretic heterogeneity of peripheral blood granulocytes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - The peripheral blood leukocytes in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients and healthy donors are separated on ficoll-verografin one-step gradients with 1.077 g/ml density. It is shown that 95-98% of donor granulocytes had the density above 1.077 g/ml. Granulocytes of CML patients consisted of two populations having the density above and below 1.077 g/ml (high density granulocytes-HDG, low density granulocytes-LDG). The electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of LDG is 8-34% higher than that of HDG. As a result of EPM definition of granulocytes affected by hyaluronidase, neuraminidase and RNase it is shown that the high EPM of LDG is due to an increase in the density of sialic acids on their surface. PMID- 3481336 TI - Effect of daunorubicin, carminomycin, idarubicin and 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol against human normal myeloid stem cells and human malignant cells in vitro. AB - The cytotoxic effect of daunorubicin, carminomycin, idarubicin and the major metabolite of idarubicin in man, 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol, was investigated in a human normal progenitor myeloid stem cell assay and in a human tumor stem cell assay. Against normal myeloid progenitor cells, idarubicin and carminomycin were equally potent; both agents were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) more potent than daunorubicin. Idarubicin was approx. 2.5 times more potent than 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol. Against malignant tumor cells, 50% cell kill after exposure to idarubicin was observed in four out 24 samples; this inhibition occurred at a drug concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml. Two of the samples sensitive to idarubicin were also sensitive to 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol at a concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml. Overall, idarubicin was active against two out of six ovarian carcinomas and against one out of three breast carcinomas. Our data confirm that 4-demethoxydaunorubicinol may play a role in the biological activity of idarubicin. PMID- 3481335 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of orally administered pefloxacin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the quinolone pefloxacin were determined following a 400 mg oral dose given to each of six male volunteers. Concentrations were determined in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography, and in cantharidin induced inflammatory fluid by a microbiological assay. The mean peak serum level of 6.6 micrograms/ml was attained rapidly 0.8 h after administration. The mean serum elimination half-life was 11.6 h. Inflammatory fluid was penetrated quickly with a mean peak level of 3.9 micrograms/ml occurring at 2.4 h. Pefloxacin was excreted in the urine as the parent compound and its two metabolites, norfloxacin and pefloxacin N-oxide (24 h urinary recovery being 8.0%, 12.0% and 13.1% respectively of the dose). This study suggests that a twice or possibly once daily dosage may be sufficient to treat systemic infections caused by susceptible pathogens. Once daily dosing should be sufficient for urinary tract infections. PMID- 3481337 TI - Naloxone-reversible antidiarrheal effects of enkephalinase inhibitors. AB - Thiorphan and acetorphan, two potent inhibitors of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11 membrane-metalloendopeptidase) significantly reduced the castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats when administered intravenously (or orally, for acetorphan) but not when administered intracerebroventricularly. These effects were more marked during the 90 min period following the castor oil challenge but were still significant up to 4-8 h after the latter. Acetorphan was about 6 times more potent than thiorphan. The antidiarrheal activity of both compounds was completely prevented in rats receiving naloxone subcutaneously but not intracerebroventricularly (in the case of thiorphan). In contrast to loperamide, a peripherally acting opiate receptor agonist, the enkephalinase inhibitors did not significantly reduce gastrointestinal transit as measured in the charcoal meal test. The antidiarrheal activity of enkephalinase inhibitors therefore seems attributable to protection of endogenous opioids, presumably outside the brain, and to reduction of intestinal secretion rather than transit. PMID- 3481338 TI - HLA-DQ1 + DQ3-specific monoclonal antibody cross-reacts with a rat MHC-encoded polymorphic determinant. AB - From a panel of seven mouse monoclonal antibodies against human class II molecules only one, HL-37, directed against the beta chain of human DQ1 and DQ3 antigens cross-reacted in membrane immunofluorescence with the RT1b haplotype of the rat major histocompatibility complex. From the results obtained using an indirect immunoprecipitation method with 35S- and 125I-labelled rat samples from RT1b-carrying lymph node cells it can be supposed that the rat homologue of the human DQ beta chain was detected. PMID- 3481339 TI - [Experiences with the tumor markers Ca 125 and plasma ribonuclease in ovarian cancer]. AB - The tumor markers Ca 125 and serum ribonuclease were determined simultaneously in 35 patients with primary ovarian cancer during therapy and follow-up. In patients with second-look operation, Ca 125 and ribonuclease correlated well with the presence of metastases. In our experience the marker Ca 125 appeared to be superior to serum ribonuclease levels. Recurrence may be detected equally well with both markers. PMID- 3481340 TI - The differential importance of weight and body image among college men and women. AB - Among a sample of American college students, body image and the degree of desired weight change were associated with academic self-rankings, with social and psychological well-being, and with the development of eating difficulties. The effects of body image and desired weight change on eating disorders were generally found to be greater for women than for men, and their effects on student self-rankings of academic ability, social, and psychological traits were more pervasive for women than for men. The less attractive a woman perceived herself to be and the more weight she wanted to lose, the greater was her overall sense of academic, social, and psychological impairment. Women who had poor body images and who desired to lose weight were more likely to report eating difficulties. PMID- 3481341 TI - [Pediatric aspects of orthodontics]. PMID- 3481342 TI - [Continuous diagnosis in orthodontics]. PMID- 3481343 TI - [New therapeutic possibilities in orthodontics in patients with nickel allergy]. PMID- 3481344 TI - [Functional orthodontic treatment of condylar fractures--a clinical and computerized radiography study]. PMID- 3481346 TI - [Iatrogenic functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3481345 TI - [Treatment of myoarthropathies with functional orthodontic devices]. PMID- 3481347 TI - [Undergraduate and graduate orthodontic education in the USA]. PMID- 3481348 TI - [Compensatory mechanisms in skull asymmetry]. PMID- 3481349 TI - [Facial dysmorphism in chromosome abnormalities]. PMID- 3481350 TI - [Additional growth in the length of the mandible in children as stimulated by the Bionator]. PMID- 3481352 TI - Integration of screw implants in the rabbit: a 1-year follow-up of removal torque of titanium implants. PMID- 3481351 TI - [Reactive reversible corneal changes caused by extended wear aphakia contact lenses of silicone and hydrogel]. PMID- 3481353 TI - An ancient oath? PMID- 3481354 TI - Computed tomography: Part I. Preoperative assessment of the mandible for endosseous implant surgery. PMID- 3481355 TI - Computed tomography: Part II. Preoperative assessment of the maxilla for endosseous implant surgery. PMID- 3481356 TI - A simplified model for studying bone ingrowth. PMID- 3481357 TI - HIV antigen, HIV antibody and serum interferon in a patient with encephalopathy. AB - Acute encephalopathy was associated with the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV I) antigen and seroconversion to anti-HIV I in a 27-year-old homosexual man. Examination of consecutive sera from the patient revealed circulating interferon (IFN) alpha which became detectable with the appearance of HIV I antigen but before development of anti-HIV I. Serum IFN was present for only a limited time and was not demonstrable after neurological symptoms resolved. It may be speculated that circulating antiviral activity contributed to the clinical manifestations of acute HIV I infection. PMID- 3481360 TI - A little more to improve safety and efficiency of AZT in AIDS therapy. PMID- 3481358 TI - Ofloxacin for prevention of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients. AB - We studied the potential value of oral ofloxacin (200 mg twice daily) for selective decontamination and infection prevention in 40 granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia, blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy cell leukemia or severe aplastic anemia. The quality of selective decontamination was acceptable with rapid elimination of Enterobacteriaceae from the alimentary tract, only a slight decrease in concentrations of anaerobes in faeces, and a small number of newly acquired transient (twelve isolates in seven patients) or colonizing (six strains with 28 isolates in four patients) aerobic gram-negative rods and Staphylococcus aureus (one isolate) recovered from 672 surveillance cultures from faeces, oral washings and urine. Two of three patients colonized with ofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains developed Pseudomonas infections. A total of twelve acquired infections was observed. Six were microbiologically documented infections, all caused by ofloxacin-resistant bacteria (two P. aeruginosa, two Staphylococcus epidermidis, one Aerococcus viridans, one Micrococcus sp.). Tolerance was acceptable with no serious side effects observed. Mean drug concentrations in serum and saliva were comparable to those determined in healthy volunteers and were found to be higher in saliva than in serum. We conclude that ofloxacin may be studied as an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for selective decontamination and infection prevention in severely granulocytopenic patients. Careful monitoring of colonizing Pseudomonas spp. with decreased ofloxacin sensitivity, however, seems necessary. PMID- 3481359 TI - Increased compliance of niceritrol treatment by addition of aspirin: relationship between changes in prostaglandins and skin flushing. AB - The relation of plasma levels of prostaglandins to the occurrence of flushing induced by niceritrol was investigated. Niceritrol increased plasma levels of PGE2 (p less than 0.01) and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha (p less than 0.05) in 10 male subjects and aspirin reduced the level of PGE2 (p less than 0.01). Five of 10 subjects had flushing, and aspirin reduced flushing in 4 subjects. On the basis of the above study, we treated 35 hyperlipidemic patients with niceritrol in combination with aspirin, investigating the effect of the treatment of serum lipids and postheparin lipolytic activity. None of the 12 cases given aspirin from the start of the treatment experienced flushing, whereas 9 of the 23 cases not given aspirin experienced flushing, which was suppressed by adding aspirin in prescription in all cases except one. Niceritrol decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index. It also increased HDL2 cholesterol and decreased HDL3 cholesterol. The LPL activity in postheparin plasma increased in all cases after niceritrol treatment. In conclusion, aspirin increased compliance of niceritrol by reducing the occurrence of flushing probably due to the decreased levels of prostaglandins, yielding favorable results for the long-term treatment of hyperlipidemia with a sufficient doses of niceritrol. PMID- 3481361 TI - Peritonsillar abscess: a comparison of a conservative and a more aggressive management protocol. AB - A two-year prospective study was undertaken to compare acute treatment modalities for peritonsillar abscesses. The most widely used modality, incision and drainage, with subsequent hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and hydration, was compared with incision and drainage, with subsequent oral antibiotics and oral hydration. The results in 27 randomized patients showed no difference in morbidity, recovery time, or recurrence rate between the two groups. The authors conclude that initial incision and drainage, and oral antibiotics, is an effective, safe and less expensive treatment modality for peritonsillar abscesses. These results suggest that with a compliant patient population, peritonsillar abscesses may be effectively treated in an outpatient setting. PMID- 3481362 TI - Phase II evaluation of aclacinomycin-A in advanced ovarian carcinoma. AB - Sixteen women with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated with Aclacinomycin-A 40 mg/M2 given as a weekly infusion for four consecutive weeks followed by a two week rest period. All had failed prior chemotherapy. No responses were observed. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequent side effect. Myelosuppression was minimal. This dose and schedule of Aclacinomycin-A are not recommended for further trials in ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3481363 TI - Toxicity evaluation of dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD) in combination with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). AB - To determine optimal dosage, Dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD) was given once daily for 3 days at dosage levels of 6, 7, 8, and 10 mg/m2 in combination with a 7-day continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Nineteen of 20 children with leukemia who received these agents developed fever requiring hospitalization. There were 4 deaths-2 due to proven infection. One patient developed nonfatal cardiotoxicity. No other significant toxicity was noted. Responses were seen in 7 of 20 patients. The recommended DHAD dosage was 8 mg/m2/day when given in combination with Ara-C. PMID- 3481365 TI - Comparison of a major heat-stable microtubule-associated protein in HeLa cells and 190-kDa microtubule-associated protein in bovine adrenal cortex. AB - A heat-stable microtubule-associated protein (MAP) with a molecular weight of 190,000, termed 190-kDa MAP, has been purified from bovine adrenal cortex (Murofushi, H. et al. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 1911-1919). Immunoblotting experiments using an antibody against this MAP revealed that several kinds of culture cells derived from human tissues contain proteins with an apparent molecular weight of 180,000 reacting with the antibody. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopic observation of HeLa cells showed that the immunoreactive protein co-exists with microtubules, indicating that the protein is one of the HeLa MAPs. A heat-stable MAP with a molecular weight of 180,000, termed here HeLa 180-kDa MAP, was purified by the taxol-dependent procedure (Vallee, R.B. (1982) J. Cell Biol. 92, 435-442) and successive co-polymerization with brain tubulin. This protein was the most abundant MAP in HeLa cells, suggesting that the MAP is identical to the major HeLa MAP previously reported by Bulinski and Borisy (Bulinski, J.C. & Borisy, G.G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 11570-11576) and Weatherbee et al. [1980) Biochemistry 19, 4116-4123). It was shown that, like bovine adrenal 190-kDa MAP, yet distinct from brain MAP2 and tau, purified HeLa 180-kDa MAP does not interact with actin filaments. This common characteristic of the two MAPs along with the same heat-stability strongly suggests that they are members of the same group of MAPs. The fact that HeLa 180 kDa MAP reacts with an antibody against bovine adrenal 190-kDa MAP means that they share common epitopes, in other words, common local amino acid sequences. However, the limited proteolytic patterns of the two MAPs with S. aureus V8 protease and chymotrypsin were distinct from each other, suggesting the presence of large differences in the overall primary structures between bovine adrenal 190 kDa MAP and HeLa 180-kDa MAP. PMID- 3481364 TI - Mitoxantrone in the treatment of acute leukemia. AB - Forty-six patients with acute leukemia were treated with mitoxantrone as a single agent. Twenty-nine patients had relapsed and/or refractory acute leukemia. Seventeen patients with acute non-lymphatic leukemia had received no prior treatment. Twelve mg/m2 of mitoxantrone was given intravenous on five consecutive days. Treatment related side effects included bone marrow suppression, mucositis, alopecia, nausea, vomiting and infection. Cardiotoxicity was documented in 7 patients. This study reconfirms that mitoxantrone is an active agent in acute leukemia with complete response documented in 10 of 29 patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute leukemia (34% response rate, 95% confidence limits 18 53%) and complete response documented in 11 of 17 patients (65% response rate, 95% confidence limits 38-87%) with previously untreated acute nonlymphatic leukemia. PMID- 3481366 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the staphylocoagulase gene: its unique COOH-terminal 8 tandem repeats. AB - The entire staphylocoagulase gene of Staphylococcus aureus strain BB was cloned on a MboI restriction endonuclease fragment inserted into pAT153 plasmid vector. The staphylocoagulase was expressed in Escherichia coli, as judged by the formation of a fibrin halo on an agar plate containing rabbit plasma and bovine fibrinogen. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the staphylocoagulase gene by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of 715 residues including a signal peptide of 26 residues. Therefore, the predicted molecular weight of the mature protein was 77,337. This sequence was corroborated by reference to the amino acid compositions of 30 lysyl endopeptidase peptides and the sequences of 12 of these peptides isolated from the purified staphylocoagulase. The 5'-flanking region was found to contain a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence and a putative "-10" element for transcription. The COOH-terminal stretch of 216 amino acids of staphylocoagulase was composed of 8 tandem repeats each consisting of 27 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of staphylocoagulase derived from strain BB showed 57% identity with that of the chymotryptic 43-kDa fragment of staphylocoagulase isolated previously from strain 213 (Kawabata, S., Miyata, To., Morita, T., Miyata, Ta., Iwanaga, S., & Igarashi, H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 527-531). PMID- 3481367 TI - Studies on algal cytochromes VI: some properties and amino acid sequence of cytochrome c6 from a green alga, Bryopsis maxima. AB - A photosynthetic c-type cytochrome, cytochrome c6, was extracted from a green alga, Bryopsis maxima, by cutting and immersing the frozen thalli in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and purified by acrinol treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and Bio-Gel P-10 gel filtration. The ferrcytochrome c6 has absorption maxima at 553.5 (alpha), 523 (beta), 417 (gamma), 318 (delta), and 275 nm, and the ferricytochrome at 695, 528, and 411 (gamma). The molecular weight was estimated to be about 10,000 from Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The midpoint redox potential for the cytochrome was determined by equilibrium titration with a ferro- and ferricyanide system to be 0.385 volt at pH 7.0. Isoelectric points for ferro- and ferricytochromes were determined by density gradient isoelectric focusing electrophoresis to be at pH 3.91 and 4.02, respectively. The complete amino acid sequence of the cytochrome was determined by Edman degradation and by carboxypeptidase digestions of the Cm cytochrome, 6 staphylococcal protease peptides and 5 lysyl endopeptidase peptides. The cytochrome contained 88 amino acid residues, giving a molecular weight of 9,904 including 1 mol of heme c. The sequence is as follows: GGDLEIGADVFTGNCAACHAGGANSVEPLKTLNKEDVTKYLDGGLSIEAITSQVRNGKGAMPAWSDRLD DEEIDGVVAYVFKNINEGW. A phylogenetic tree of 13 algal cytochromes c6 was constructed by comparing the amino acid differences. PMID- 3481369 TI - Concurrent analysis of methotrexate, trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and their major metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3481368 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic characterisation of the psychotomimetic indolealkylamines and their in vivo metabolites. AB - The use of liquid chromatography with on-line fluorescence detection has formed the basis for the separation, characterisation and quantitation of a number of metabolites of the psychotomimetic indolealkylamines N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5 methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine formed both in vitro and in vivo. Verification of the identity of metabolites has previously been facilitated by the combined use of a number of analytical techniques including multidimensional liquid chromatography and stop-flow spectroscopic analysis. We now describe the combination of liquid chromatography with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the unequivocal verification of a number of structurally characteristic metabolites of the psychotomimetic indolealkylamines. PMID- 3481371 TI - What should Americans eat? From public policy to patient care. PMID- 3481370 TI - Interdisciplinary management of patients with TMJ and craniofacial pain: characteristics and outcome. PMID- 3481373 TI - Professional liability. PMID- 3481372 TI - Assessment of arthropathy of TMJ by digital phonoarthrometry. PMID- 3481375 TI - Reflections on current TMJ therapy. PMID- 3481374 TI - Graphic assessment of natural mandibular movements. PMID- 3481376 TI - Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3481377 TI - Alteration in proprioceptive reflex control in subjects with craniomandibular disorders. PMID- 3481378 TI - Craniomandibular disorders and general health in psoriatics. PMID- 3481379 TI - Diagnostic criteria and nomenclature for TMJ arthrography in sagittal section: Part I. Derangements. PMID- 3481380 TI - Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint: clinical experience with 137 procedures over a 2-year period. PMID- 3481381 TI - Growth through pain. PMID- 3481382 TI - Recurrent headaches and craniomandibular disorders in adolescents: a longitudinal study. PMID- 3481384 TI - Physiological reactions of patients with TM disorders vs symptom-free controls on a physical stress task. PMID- 3481383 TI - Relationship between mandibular movement accuracy and masticatory dysfunction symptoms. PMID- 3481385 TI - TMJ osteoarthrosis: a differentiation of diagnostic subgroups by symptom history and demographics. PMID- 3481386 TI - Normal and abnormal findings in temporomandibular joints in autopsy specimens. PMID- 3481387 TI - The effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of gemfibrozil. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: to determine the effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of gemfibrozil following single and multiple oral doses. DESIGN: nonrandomized; paired studies of single versus multiple doses. SETTING: patients enrolled in a veterans hospital renal subspecialty clinic. PATIENTS: 17 male patients 57 to 74 years old selected for various levels of renal function, including end-stage renal disease. INTERVENTIONS: patients initially received 600 mg of oral-gemfibrozil followed by sequential venous blood sampling. Seven to 14 days later, the patients started receiving gemfibrozil, 600 mg bid. Venous blood samples were obtained over the following 10 days and frequently during a 24-hour washout phase. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: peak gemfibrozil concentrations (mg/L) were 11.1 (3.9 SD) for the single dose and 10.2 (3.8) for the multiple dose study. Time to peak concentration (hr) was 2.1 (1.0) and 1.8 (0.6), respectively. The mean half-life of elimination (hr) from the single-dose study was 6.4 (11.8) compared with the multidose study of 3.0 (3.1), which did not reach statistical significance (P = .25). The difference between the area under the curve for the single versus the multiple-dose study approached statistical significance (P = .054). The coefficient of determination for creatinine renal clearance versus the plasma clearance of oral gemfibrozil was 0.009 (P = .72) for the single-dose regimen and 0.331 (P = .016) for the multiple-dose study. CONCLUSION: the half-life of gemfibrozil is independent of renal function for both single- and multiple-dose regimens. Dosing schedules do not require alteration for renal insufficiency. PMID- 3481388 TI - Fatal systemic herpes simplex without mucocutaneous manifestations in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3481389 TI - [Erythroleukemia associated with temporal arteritis]. PMID- 3481390 TI - Clinico-pathological study on denture stomatitis. AB - The clinical and pathological study was performed in order to determine the histopathological and cytoimmunological characteristics of denture stomatitis. All specimens were biopsy materials from seventeen patients with denture stomatitis. Normal palatal mucosae from ten patients served as the control. In addition to the usual staining methods, naphtol AS-D chloroacetate esterase stain and peroxidase-antiperoxidase method were used to detect mast cells and plasma cells. Denture stomatitis could be divided into atrophic and hyperplastic types. The former showed a smooth and atrophic mucosa. The latter showed a large number of exophytic projections which were composed of marked acanthosis and submucosal fibrosis, and was further subdivided into granular and papillary subtype according to the size of projections. In the present study, there were six cases of the atrophic type, and eleven cases of the hyperplastic type (consisting of seven granular and four papillary subtypes). The hyperplastic type was more frequently observed in patients with partial dentures compared with complete dentures and was associated frequently with ill fitting of the denture base as well as agglutination of denture plaque. Cytoimmunological study revealed that there was a pronounced increase of plasma cells, especially IgG- and IgA producing cells, and a moderate increase of lymphocytes as well as mast cells in both types of denture stomatitis. Mast cells were always noted in the area with marked plasma cell infiltration, suggesting an intimate relation between both cells. These findings suggest that the immunological reactions play some role in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. PMID- 3481391 TI - Mandibular dysfunction in an institutionalized and predominantly elderly population. AB - Oral health problems were identified among 653 residents of 40 long-term care institutions in Vancouver, using a personal interview and a dental examination. Information on jaw function was analysed as part of this investigation to identify associations between the clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction and the complaints of the subjects, their occlusal instability, and the quality of their dentures. The sample population were predominantly female and over 75 years of age, and 42% had some natural teeth. Complaints of jaw dysfunction, usually sore muscles, were heard from 13% of the 488 subjects interviewed. The examination was performed on all of the subjects and revealed that 43% had unstable occlusal contacts, 37% were using loose or unstable dentures, and 20% had one or more clinical signs of jaw dysfunction. Joint noise was the most frequent sign detected and it was heard in a greater percentage of the women than men, while deviation of the mandible during mouth opening was observed with great frequency in the younger age groups. There was no apparent association found between the clinical signs of jaw dysfunction and the complaints of the subjects or the condition of their teeth or dentures. The study demonstrated that complaints and clinical signs of jaw dysfunction, with the exception of joint noises, were uncommon in this population. PMID- 3481392 TI - The amplitude distribution of electromyographic activity in painful masseter muscles during unilateral chewing. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether the amplitude distribution of electromyographic activity (EMG) in terms of muscular load revealed any differences between patients with painful masseter muscles and referents during the chewing of an almond and of gum. The relative masticatory forces of the masseter muscle and the anterior temporal muscle during chewing were calculated by a transformation of the muscular load levels of EMG activity (microV) to load levels of relative masticatory force (%RVC). This was done by regression in reverse of an isometric reference voluntary contraction (RVC) for EMG versus bite force biting on a bite-force sensor. The maximal bite-force values for patients and referents were similar. The relative masticatory force for chewing an almond was higher than that for gum-chewing. The peaks of the relative masticatory forces were similar for both patients and referents. During the chewing of an almond the relative masticatory forces of the masseter muscle below the peak load were higher for patients than referents. During gum-chewing the patients used higher forces than referents for 70% of the total chewing time analysed. This also applied to the anterior temporal muscle when chewing an almond. Estimates of the peak masticatory forces were calculated in newtons. PMID- 3481393 TI - Tooth loss and remaining occlusion in a Dutch population. AB - The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the tooth-loss pattern in terms of frequency, location and impaired occlusion. The sample, stratified according to socio-economic class and age, consisted of 750 subjects. The investigation was done by questionnaire and clinical examination. The non response was small (15%). With increasing age, more teeth were missing. In the lower socio-economic group more teeth were missing than in the higher socio economic group. The percentage of totally edentulous persons as well as the percentage of persons with one edentulous jaw increased with age. Also, the percentage of antagonistic tooth contacts declined with increasing age. The following order was found in decreasing contacts: first premolar, second premolar, second molar and first molar. In all strata the percentage of antagonistic contacts in the premolar area was larger than in the molar area. PMID- 3481394 TI - Partial edentulism, prosthetic treatment and oral function in a Dutch population. AB - The aim of this study was to gain a better insight into the location and frequency of prosthetic replacements and the consequences of tooth loss on oral function. The sample, stratified according to socio-economic class and age, consisted of 750 subjects. The investigation was done by questionnaire and clinical examination. In the lower social levels the percentage of removable prostheses was lower than in the higher levels. An average of 60% of all open tooth spaces were not prosthetically restored. In the lower jaw 1 to 3 free-end spaces were completed with removable partial dentures (RPD). The present study did not support a relationship between missing teeth or number of contacting pairs and the functioning of the dentition. The distribution of antagonistic contacts in the dental arch seems to be of more importance. PMID- 3481395 TI - The use of panoramic radiographs to measure alveolar bone areas. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy of measurements made of the mandible from panoramic radiographs. A comparison was made between measurements made directly from dry mandibles, and measurements made from panoramic radiographs of the same mandibles. The use of linear proportions reduced the errors of successive radiographic observations but failed to reveal left- and right-side differences. A method was developed to demarcate two areas of the radiograph, one of which was defined by the crest of the residual alveolar ridge and the other independent of the alveolar ridge. Both areas were measured and their proportions calculated for each mandible observed. This proportional value was referred to as the Area Index. The method was applied to panoramic radiographs of individuals with complete dentitions. The inter-observation error of the Area Index was found to be 4.9%. It was concluded that, in selected cases, panoramic radiographs can be used to provide information about resorption of the residual mandibular alveolar bone. PMID- 3481396 TI - Limited mandibular mobility and potential jaw dysfunction. AB - This investigation studied relationships between signs and symptoms of potential mandibular dysfunction and limitations of maximum active depression and maximum active lateral excursion of the mandible in young adult males. Mouth opening capacity was not associated with symptoms and signs thought to be clinically indicative of the status of the mandibular locomotor system. Limitations of mandibular lateral excursions, on the other hand, were associated with signs and symptoms of potential mandibular dysfunction, but not with signs and symptoms from the temporomandibular joints. PMID- 3481397 TI - Pressures recorded at the denture base-mucosal surface interface in complete denture wearers. AB - This study reports on pressures recorded at the denture base-mucosal surface interface in four edentulous subjects. Four sites were selected, namely (a) the midpalatal region in the upper complete denture, (b) the labial to the mid-line lower complete denture, (c) directly under the lower left and (d) right first molar teeth. The study examined the reproducibility of the pressure values obtained when the subjects chewed two test foods (carrot and peanut). The subjects repeated the chewing sequences on the same day and one subject was tested over a 3-day period. The younger subjects and subjects with the shortest chewing sequences gave the most reproducible results. The two foods were shown to have different effects both on the pressure values recorded and the duration of the chewing sequence. Patients who transferred the food bolus from side to side during the chewing sequence affected the reproducibility of the results obtained from the lower denture transducers. PMID- 3481398 TI - Dental stability and maximal masticatory muscle activity. AB - The electromyographical (EMG) activity of masticatory muscles during full clenching in the retruded contact position (RCP) and intercuspal position (IP) with and without a posterior stabilizing splint was studied. The linear envelope EMG signal from three bilateral muscles was recorded (masseter, anterior temporal and posterior temporal). Thirty-seven subjects were evaluated. Clenching in the RCP without the splint and with the presence of an unstable occlusal contact inhibited the masseter muscle activity and reduced anterior temporal and posterior temporal muscle activity. The masticatory muscle activity returned to normal when clenching in the RCP with a splint that permitted stability in the dentition. EMG activity was the same in the IP with and without the splint. The results indicate that the determinant of maximal masseter isometric muscle contraction is the amount of stability in the dentition rather than the jaw position. If the dentition takes the major role of stabilizing the mandible, i.e., there is good intercuspation, the masseter muscle can exert maximal isometric contraction. If the stability is not provided by the dentition, i.e., there is a premature contact, the jaw muscles must contribute to the stabilization and reduce the magnitude of the maximal contraction to avoid damage to the structures involved in the compensatory stabilization. PMID- 3481399 TI - Properties of a modified cross-linked silicone for maxillofacial prostheses. AB - A dimethyl siloxane-triacetoxy terminated silane, Type A adhesive, can be modified with the base component of a medium grade polydimethyl siloxane with vinyl groups, MDX 4-4210, to produce more pliable maxillofacial prostheses. The mechanical properties of samples with various Type A adhesive/MDX 4-4210 ratios were determined. Addition of the MDX 4-4210 base decreased the hardness, modulus, and ultimate tensile strength, while the percentage elongation increased. The initial tear strength was relatively constant for the various ratios except for the 50/50 mix, where a 50% decrease was observed. The ability to obtain different mechanical properties by using various ratios of Type A adhesive and MDX 4-4210 could result in the production of maxillofacial prostheses which will more closely stimulate the properties of facial tissues. PMID- 3481400 TI - Forces required by complete dentures for penetrating food in simulated function. AB - Forces required by complete dentures for penetrating some commonly used food items were measured experimentally. These forces were compared with the maximal bite forces of twenty-seven complete denture wearers. Food items that required the greatest forces in direct closure were rye bread (167 N), raw carrot (118 N), boiled meat (80 N), and raw cabbage (74 N). Raw carrot and raw cabbage required the greatest force in straight incision (39 N and 33 N, respectively). Simulated laterotrusion aided most in the penetration of rye bread and boiled meat. The penetration forces in simulated conditions were high compared with the maximal bite forces of the complete denture wearers. PMID- 3481401 TI - Rehabilitation with removable dentures among the dentate population in Finland. AB - The information available on the rehabilitation with removable dentures among dentate subjects is contradictory. In the present study, the most common type of rehabilitation was a complete maxillary denture with or without a partial one. Nineteen per cent of men and 27% of women belonged to this category. Partial denture(s) without a complete one were worn by 11% of men and 15% of women. The odds ratio of having partial denture(s) was significantly higher among women, among people with a medium level of income, with a regular dental attendance pattern, and with a shorter distance to the nearest dental clinic. The presence of a complete denture significantly decreased the odds ratio of having a partial denture. The effect of age was non-significant in the two youngest age categories. The odds ratio of having a single complete denture was significantly higher among women, among people with a medium level of income and with a shorter distance to the nearest dental clinic. The presence of a partial denture and belonging to the oldest age bracket decreased the odds ratio significantly. Regularity of use of dental services had a non-significant effect. PMID- 3481402 TI - Xanthine oxidase is not a source of free radicals in the ischemic rabbit heart. AB - The xanthine oxidase pathway has been proposed as a source of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemic and reperfused myocardium. A spectrophotometric assay was employed to measure the xanthine oxidase activity of rat and rabbit hearts exposed to varying durations of global ischemia. In the rat 24.6 +/- 4.8 mIU/g wet wt of xanthine dehydrogenase + xanthine oxidase activity were detected in both ischemic and normally perfused myocardium. In the non-ischemic state only 6% of this activity was associated with the free radical-producing oxidase form. After 5 min of ischemia however about 25% of the enzyme was in the oxidase form, a value which remained unchanged over the following 25 min. Neither xanthine dehydrogenase nor xanthine oxidase could be detected in the rabbit heart. Failure of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, to limit infarct size in a rabbit model of ischemia/reperfusion provides further evidence that this species has insignificant amounts of xanthine oxidase in its heart. Anesthetized rabbits were subjected to coronary artery ligation for 45 min and 3 h of reperfusion. The volume of the zone of underperfusion was assessed with fluorescent microspheres and infarct size was assessed by tetrazolium staining. In control animals 67.5 +/ 3.8% of the zone of underperfusion became necrotic. In rabbits given superoxide dismutase (15000 IU/kg) + catalase (50,000 IU/kg) for 90 min starting 15 min before occlusion, infarct size was only 35.4 +/- 3.3% of the zone of underperfusion. However, in rabbits pretreated with allopurinol (75 mg p.o. 24 h before study + 30 mg/kg 5 min before occlusion) infarct size was 65.8 +/- 8.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3481404 TI - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with acute pulmonary insufficiency associated with a marked increase in leukemic cells]. PMID- 3481403 TI - Capacity for substrate utilization in oxidative metabolism by neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from developing brain in primary culture. AB - Neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte cultures which were established from developing rat brain were examined for their utilization of glucose, ketone bodies, and free fatty acids by oxidative processes. 14CO2 production was measured in these cells from [1-14C] or [6-14C]glucose; [1-14C]octanoate and [1 14C], [6-14C], or [16-14C]palmitate; and [3-14C]acetoacetate and D(-)-3-hydroxy[3 14C]butyrate. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1.) and 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase (EC 2.8.3.5) activities were found at high levels in each of the cell populations. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes produced much more 14CO2 from [1 14C]glucose than from [6-14C]glucose, indicating substantial hexose monophosphate shunt activity. This process was not as active in neurons. All three cell populations readily utilized the ketone bodies for oxidative metabolism at rates 7-9 times greater than they utilized glucose. Only astrocytes were able to utilize fatty acids for 14CO2 production, and the rate of utilization was greater than that of the ketone bodies. We found that the metabolic patterns of these brain cells which were derived from the developing brain complement the nature of the diet of the suckling animal which is rich in fat and low in carbohydrate. They readily utilized the ketone bodies or fatty acids and spared glucose for processes that metabolites of fat cannot fulfill. PMID- 3481405 TI - [Two busulfan-resistant cases of CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia) with good response to alpha-interferon treatment]. PMID- 3481406 TI - [Relapse in the CNS after 8-year remission in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3481407 TI - [Prolonged disappearance of the Ph1 chromosome in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia after administration of MCNU]. PMID- 3481408 TI - [Burkitt cell leukemia with marked infiltration in psoas muscles presenting with an initial symptom of acute abdomen]. PMID- 3481409 TI - [Chronic neutrophilic leukemia with karyotypic abnormalities terminating in pancytopenia: a case report]. PMID- 3481410 TI - [Chronic neutrophilic leukemia associated with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction]. PMID- 3481411 TI - [Daunomycin-induced cardiogenic shock in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia]. PMID- 3481412 TI - [Substitution of A alpha arginine-16 by cysteine in two abnormal fibrinogens (Kawaguchi and Osaka I)]. PMID- 3481413 TI - [Hemophilia and HIV antibody]. PMID- 3481414 TI - [Gene technology and DNA diagnosis]. PMID- 3481415 TI - [Current status and problems of AIDS screening tests]. PMID- 3481416 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum levels of CA-125 in patients with digestive diseases]. PMID- 3481417 TI - [Computed analysis of Ga-67 scintigraphy in patients with interstitial pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3481418 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefmenoxime in serum and myocardial tissue]. PMID- 3481419 TI - [Cytogenetic analysis of human urinary bladder cancer]. PMID- 3481420 TI - Organization and differential activation of a gene family encoding the plant defense enzyme chalcone synthase in Phaseolus vulgaris. AB - Chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzes the first and key regulatory step in the branch pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis specific for synthesis of ubiquitous flavonoid pigments and UV protectants. In bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and other members of the Leguminoseae, chalcone synthase is also involved in the synthesis of the isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexin antibiotics characteristic of this family. We have demonstrated that the haploid genome of bean contains a family of about six to eight CHS genes, some of which are tightly clustered. Treatment of bean cells with fungal elicitor activates several of these genes leading to the accumulation of at least five and probably as many as nine distinct CHS transcripts encoding a set of CHS isopolypeptides of Mr 42-43 kDa but with differing pI in the range pH 6-7. In elicited cells specific transcripts and encoded polypeptides are differentially induced with respect to both the extent and kinetics of accumulation. Wounding or infection of hypocotyl tissue also activates several CHS genes with marked differences in the pattern of accumulation of specific transcripts and encoded polypeptides in wounded compared to infected tissue or elicited cells, indicating operation of more than one cue for defense gene activation. Illumination induces accumulation of a different set of CHS transcripts including only one of the set hitherto demonstrated to be induced by biological stress. The organization and differential regulation of the CHS gene family in bean are discussed in relation to the functions of this enzyme in adaptative and protective responses to diverse environmental stresses. PMID- 3481421 TI - Evolutionary relationships between catabolic pathways for aromatics: conservation of gene order and nucleotide sequences of catechol oxidation genes of pWW0 and NAH7 plasmids. AB - TOL plasmid pWW0 and plasmid NAH7 encode catabolic enzymes required for oxidative degradation of toluene and naphthalene, respectively. The gene order of the catabolic operon of NAH7 for salicylate oxidation was determined to be: promoter- nahG (the structural gene for salicylate hydroxylase)--nahH (catechol 2.3 dioxygenase)--nahI (hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase)--nahN (hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase)--nahL (2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase). This order is identical to that of the isofunctional genes of TOL plasmid pWW0. The complete nucleotide sequence of nahH was determined and compared with that of xylE, the isofunctional gene of TOL plasmid pWW0. There were 20% and 16% differences in their nucleotide and amino acid sequences, respectively. The homology between the NAH7 and TOL pWW0 plasmids ends upstream of the Shine Dalgarno sequences of nahH and xylE, but the homology continues downstream of these genes. This observation suggested that genes for the catechol oxidative enzymes of NAH7 and TOL pWW0 were derived from a common ancestral sequence which was transferred as a discrete segment of DNA between plasmids. PMID- 3481422 TI - The ribosomal protein gene cluster of Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - The DNA sequence of the part of the Mycoplasma capricolum genome that contains the genes for 20 ribosomal proteins and two other proteins has been determined. The organization of the gene cluster is essentially the same as that in the S10 and spc operons of Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence of each protein is also well conserved in the two bacteria. The G + C content of the M. capricolum genes is 29%, which is much lower than that of E. coli (51%). The codon usage pattern of M. capricolum is different from that of E. coli and extremely biased to use of A and U(T): about 91% of codons have A or U in the third position. UGA, which is a stop codon in the "universal" code, is used more abundantly than UGG to dictate tryptophan. PMID- 3481425 TI - IgG4 in clinical immunology (international symposium): Part I. PMID- 3481424 TI - Mismatch repair during pneumococcal transformation of small deletions produced by site-directed mutagenesis. AB - The genetic behaviour of short non-homologous regions has been studied during transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Amethopterin-resistant mutants belonging to the amiA locus were used for these investigations. Five mutants deleted for 1-5 bp were obtained by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Their efficiency of transformation was measured using recipient strains either able to excise and repair mismatched bases (Hex+) or Hex- derivatives. Deletions or insertions of 1 and 2 bp are fully recognized by the Hex system, and are efficiently repaired whereas 3-bp deletions or insertions are only partially excised and repaired. The efficiency of repair is inversely related to the size of the non-homology. Markers with 5-bp deletions or insertions are poorly repaired and thus transform at very high frequency: similar results are obtained in reciprocal crosses. It is proposed that 1- or 2-bp deletions or insertions are included in the heteroduplex structure as transition mutations. The Hex system would detect only small deviations from the normal DNA structure. PMID- 3481426 TI - IgG4 and hyposensitization. AB - The mechanism of action of hyposensitization is still unclear. Probably, allergen blocking antibodies have some effect, in particular in insect venom allergy, but it is likely that other mechanisms are operative as well. With the types of treatment currently available suppression of the production of specific IgE antibodies does not seem to be a dominating factor. In view of the presumed minor contribution of allergen-blocking antibodies in inhalant allergy, it is as yet impossible to define the role of IgG4 antibodies other than quantitatively: It is the main allergen-blocking antibody! There is no conclusive evidence that the IgG4 is the exclusive allergen-blocking antibody in immediate type allergy. However, its main biologic significance might well be on a completely different level, viz. prevention of immune complex disease. The production of non complement fixing antibodies, unable to form large complexes due to functional monovalency, during prolonged antigenic exposure seems to provide adequate protection against complement-induced damage and other sequela of precipitating immune complexes that can be expected from a persistent production of IgG1. The rare occurrence of immune complex induced disorders during hyposensitization therapy is possibly a result of this phenomenon. PMID- 3481423 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the sigma factor gene ntrA (rpoN) of Azotobacter vinelandii: analysis of conserved sequences in NtrA proteins. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the Azotobacter vinelandii ntrA gene has been determined. It encodes a 56916 Dalton acidic polypeptide (AvNtrA) with substantial homology to NtrA from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpNtrA) and Rhizobium meliloti (RmNtrA). NtrA has been shown to act as a novel RNA polymerase sigma factor but the predicted sequence of AvNtrA substantiates our previous analysis of KpNtrA in showing no substantial homology to other known sigma factors. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences of AvNtrA, KpNtrA and RmNtrA identified three regions; two showing greater than 50% homology and an intervening sequence of less than 10% homology. The predicted protein contains a short sequence near the centre with homology to a conserved region in other sigma factors. The C-terminal region contains a region of homology to the beta' subunit of RNA polymerase (RpoC) and two highly conserved regions one of which is significantly homologous to known DNA-binding motifs. In A. vinelandii, ntrA is followed by another open reading frame (ORF) which is highly homologous to a comparable ORF downstream of ntrA in K. pneumoniae and R. meliloti. PMID- 3481427 TI - IgE and IgG4 levels in allergic patients during immunotherapy. AB - The IgG4 is the predominant antibody response in patients receiving chronic exposure to high doses of antigen, and this seems to be true for immunotherapy as well. The duration and the dose of immunotherapy (IT) seems to increase specific IgG4 levels, but this increase does not seem to be related to the clinical response, seasonal exposure, duration of disease, and IgE antibody levels. The measurement of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to allergens did not predict the clinical effect of immunotherapy in our study. However, it indicated that the patients were continuing to receive the allergenic extracts and that the extract used in vivo, although produced by a different manufacturer, was closely resembling the one used for coating plastic wells in the FAST assay. The increase of antibody titres demonstrate that long term monitoring of IT administration may be accomplished by these in vitro tests, although individual patients may exhibit different responses in time but similar clinical results. Longitudinal studies on a cohort of atopic subjects may help define more precisely doses and timings required to achieve useful indications on both compliance with IT injections and predictivity of its outcome. PMID- 3481428 TI - A comparison study between ragweed-specific IgG4 as measured by RAST and FAST. AB - A solid phase Sepharose-based RIA (IgG4 RAST) was compared to the IgG4 FAST enzyme immunoassay for measurements of Ragweed-specific IgG4. Although FAST reagents were used, a standard serum of known antibody content along with modifications in the FAST assay were necessary to attempt to develop a quantitative assay. Various assay parameters such as precision, reproducibility, sensitivity and parallelism were examined. Specificity of the monoclonal anti IgG4 used in the FAST was not evaluated. Conditions and method of assay for the two systems differed substantially, particularly in the short incubation times for the IgG4 determinations. PMID- 3481429 TI - Allergen specific IgG subclass antibody response in hyposensitization with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. AB - Most of the controlled trials of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with house dust mite showed a good clinical efficacy of different kinds of extract after variable periods of treatment. However, few of them looked at all the parameters available to monitor this therapy, such as threshold dose of specific provocation test, end point titration and immunological variations. In particular, the behaviour of specific IgE antibodies is not completely known, while, in more recent studies, mite specific IgG antibodies have been shown to increase even in the early stages of treatment. Few data are available on mite specific IgG1-4 subclasses. The preliminary results of a double blind placebo controlled trial we performed with alginate conjugated Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract seem to indicate a good clinical and immunological response to this kind of extract. Moreover, we observed a significant increase of specific IgG antibodies, total and subclasses IgG1.2.4, with a prevalence of IgG4 subclass after three months of SIT. After two years of SIT mite specific IgG1 antibodies showed a tendency to decrease, while IgG4 antibodies maintained a constantly high level. PMID- 3481430 TI - IgG subclass antibodies in response to house dust mite immunotherapy. AB - The data obtained so far indicate that house dust mite immunotherapy stimulates an IgG antibody response that is predominantly of IgG4 subclass. Early in the course, however, a rise in IgG1 antibodies can be detected, but as treatment goes on IgG4 becomes more prominent. The association between the development of IgG4 antibodies and objectively measured clinical improvements resulting from immunotherapy, strongly suggests that IgG4 antibodies might exert a blocking effect on IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity. PMID- 3481431 TI - Effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on ATP citrate lyase in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) activates ATP citrate lyase in freshly isolated rat liver hepatocytes in a time dependent manner. Maximal stimulation of the enzyme occurred with less than thirty minutes of incubation of the cells with TGF-beta. The half-maximal effect on the enzyme determined in hepatocytes incubated with TGF-beta for 10 min at 37 degrees C was elicited by TGF-beta concentrations in the 10-11 - 10-12 M range. The potential role of TGF-beta stimulation of ATP citrate lyase activity in new membrane synthesis is discussed. PMID- 3481432 TI - Iodination of the progesterone receptor from hen oviduct spares the DNA-binding domain. AB - The progesterone receptor from hen oviduct is isolated as a complex of two subunits, A and B. The A protein binds one molecule of progesterone and also binds to DNA with high affinity. The native A protein can be labeled with iodine with no loss of DNA-binding activity. Limited Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion of the labeled preparation results in a number of DNA-binding and non DNA-binding fragments of the receptor. The progesterone-binding domain contains iodine label. However, two low-molecular-weight DNA-binding fragments do not contain iodine label, indicating a lack of susceptible tyrosine residues near the DNA-binding site of the native receptor. The labeled receptor and its fragments will facilitate studies of the isolated DNA-binding and progesterone-binding domains of the hen A protein as well as of the activity of the native receptor in the presence and absence of hormone. PMID- 3481433 TI - Ribavirin induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - The synthetic nucleoside, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3 carboxamide), a broad spectrum antiviral agent currently being tested in clinical studies with AIDS patients; and mycophenolic acid, a non-nucleoside inhibitor of inosinate (IMP) dehydrogenase, are effective inducers of terminal differentiation of Friend virus transformed murine erythroleukemia cells. The inhibition of cell division and the induced maturation produced by these agents appears to be a consequence of inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase, since growth inhibition is reversed and differentiation is prevented by the simultaneous exposure of cells treated with the agents to exogenous guanine or guanosine, which circumvents the effects of blockage of IMP dehydrogenase. However, while the effects mycophenolic acid, a pure IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor with no other biochemical effects, were completely reversed by guanine salvage supplies, cells exposed to ribavirin responded in a different manner. At levels of guanine salvage supplies below 50 microM, growth inhibition and cell differentiation were partially reversed. At salvage supply concentrations greater than 50 microM, while differentiation was completely blocked, the toxicity of ribavirin was increased and cell division was greatly diminished. These results indicate additional biochemical effects for ribavirin unrelated to the inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase, which may be related to its antiviral properties. PMID- 3481435 TI - Decreased expression of the amplified mdr1 gene in revertants of multidrug resistant human myelogenous leukemia K562 occurs without loss of amplified DNA. AB - Amplification and increased expression of the mdr1 gene associated with multidrug resistance in human tumors were found in multidrug-resistant sublines of human myelogenous leukemia K562 selected with vincristine (K562/VCR) or adriamycin (K562/ADM). In two revertant cell lines of K562/ADM, amplification of the mdr1 gene was maintained at the same level as in K562/ADM, but expression of the 4.5 kilobase mdr1 mRNA was greatly decreased, indicating that amplified genes may be inactivated at the level of transcription without a corresponding loss of amplified DNA. PMID- 3481437 TI - [Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by DNA studies in the first trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 3481436 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis with recombinant DNA methods]. AB - Cystic fibrosis is one of the commonest genetic disorders with about 1 in 3000 newborns being affected. The molecular etiology of the disease is still not known. In spite of improved therapy the life expectancy is markedly reduced. Many parents of a child affected by CF request a prenatal diagnosis, when a further child is expected. By using molecular genetic methods the prenatal detection of CF is possible now with great accuracy in most families. This review describes the principles of the genetics and the diagnosis of the disease. Case reports illustrate risk figure ascertainment. Preconditions for performing the diagnosis in individual cases are outlined, and a guide to the practical approach is given. PMID- 3481434 TI - Identification of an estrogen-responsive element from the 5'-flanking region of the rat prolactin gene. AB - The DNA sequences which interact with the estrogen receptor and which mediate the estrogenic regulation of prolactin gene transcription have been investigated by the use of receptor-DNA-binding experiments and gene transfer studies. Nitrocellulose filter binding assays using highly purified estrogen receptor and cloned fragments of the 5'-flanking region of the rat prolactin gene demonstrate that the receptor selectively binds to DNA sequences located between nucleotides 1713 and -1532 with respect to the transcription initiation site. The binding of the estrogen receptor to this region of the prolactin gene was strongly dependent on receptor concentration, suggesting that receptor dimers may be important in DNA binding. These data demonstrate that the selective binding of purified estrogen receptor to specific sequences of the rat prolactin gene is an intrinsic property of the receptor and is not due to the interaction of receptor with other proteins. The role of specific prolactin gene sequences in mediating the estrogenic regulation of prolactin gene transcription was confirmed by the use of prolactin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes. These studies demonstrated that sequences upstream of position -1532 are required for estrogen responsiveness. Furthermore, the region of the prolactin gene at -1713 to -1495 was able to confer estrogen responsiveness on the thymidine kinase promoter. Exonuclease III protection experiments further localized the receptor-binding sequences to positions -1587 to -1563. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the region of the prolactin gene which binds the estrogen receptor with the sequence of other estrogen-responsive genes suggested the presence of the conserved sequence [sequence in text], which shows similarity to sequences thought to mediate glucocorticoid receptor effects on transcription. PMID- 3481438 TI - [Presence of genetic exchange in Crithidia oncopelti (Trypanosomatidae) studied with drug resistance markers]. AB - Strains resistant to 100 mkg/ml of cycloheximide (ChxR100) and to 2.5 mg/ml of chloramphenicol (CapR2.5) were used in studies for the presence of genetic interchange in C. oncopelti. Phenotypes of these strains were stable on the nonselective medium and specific. Strains ChxR100 and CapR2.5 were mixed in equal proportions, cultivated during 7 days and tested. Under consecutive effect of inhibitors the culture of strains mixture and clones isolated from it exhibited double resistance. Phenotypes of recombinant clones were stable on the nonselective medium during, at the minimum, 70 to 90 cell generations. At the same conditions control cultures of parental strains and clones did not exhibit resistance that excludes the possibility of origin of cells resistant to both antibiotics from Crithidia of one of the parental strains as a result of secondary mutation. Thus, the results obtained show convincingly the presence of genetic interchange between flagellates of ChxR100 and CapR2.5 strains. PMID- 3481439 TI - The influence of the 4-quinolones ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin on the elimination of theophylline. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters of the bronchodilator theophylline were assessed in eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease when administered alone and when comedicated with ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily, ofloxacin 400 mg twice daily, or pefloxacin 400 mg twice daily. Compared to the control period, in which only theophylline was administered, the total body clearance of theophylline decreased significantly during ciprofloxacin (30.4%) and pefloxacin (29.4%) coadministration, whereas no change of the renal clearance of theophylline occurred. Ofloxacin did not influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline. From these observations it is concluded that ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin reduce the metabolic clearance of theophylline. PMID- 3481440 TI - [(9;11) (p21;q23) translocation: apropos of 2 new cases seen in acute undifferentiated monoblastic AML5a leukemia]. AB - In a cytogenetic study of 54 patients with acute monoblastic leukaemias (AML5) two had a (9;11) (p21;q23) translocation. In addition to the clone, with t(9;11), both patients had a second clone with t(9;11) and trisomy 8. These two patients were aged 23 and 35 years at diagnosis and were classified as M5a in the FAB formulation. A complete remission was achieved in each case, persisting after 19 and 18 months respectively (autograft for one patient). Whereas chromosome 11 anomalies are involved in 13% of all AML5 cases, t(9;11) is less frequently encountered (3.7% in our experience). PMID- 3481442 TI - [Transgenic mice as tools in immunology]. PMID- 3481441 TI - [Surgical treatment of syringomyelia]. PMID- 3481443 TI - Effect of sodium citrate on the blood disappearance of 67Ga. AB - The effect of sodium citrate on the blood disappearance of 67Ga was examined in rats. The half life value of the alpha phase and the initial AUC value (0-60 min) were dose-dependently decreased by sodium citrate. The binding of 67Ga to serum proteins was also dose-dependently inhibited by sodium citrate. PMID- 3481444 TI - [Stimulation of wound healing after tooth extraction using low-intensity laser therapy]. PMID- 3481446 TI - [AIDS and the dental profession. Professional and ethical responsibility of dental surgeons toward patients with positive HIV serology and those with AIDS]. PMID- 3481445 TI - [Value and limitations of sialography in oral medicine]. PMID- 3481448 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin E2 on experimental mesenteric ischemia in rats]. PMID- 3481447 TI - [Experimental study on osteosarcoma of local chemotherapy diffusing from surgical acrylic cement and plaster]. AB - An experimental study has been made to explore the possibility of using plaster or surgical cement as a vehicle for the diffusion of local chemotherapeutic agents in osteosarcoma. In vitro, leeching out of methotrexate from plaster or acrylic cement occurred with a peak during the first few hours followed by a decreasing curve lasting for an average of two weeks. In dogs suffering from a spontaneous osteosarcoma, the loss of substance produced by excision was filled with cement to which methotrexate had been added extemporaneously. This method of administration produced a general diffusion of methotrexate whose blood levels were measured for three to five days. In laboratory rats into which osteosarcomata had been grafted, tablets of plaster containing antimitotic drug were implanted into the tumour, which was left in situ. This made it possible to show that the local chemotherapy was having a true effect, particularly when the antimitotic used was cisplatinum. In patients who had acrylic cement containing methotrexate inserted during operation, local diffusion resulted in very high concentrations, evidenced by the concentration found in fluid obtained from suction drains during the early days after operation. PMID- 3481449 TI - [Temporomandibular arthrography]. AB - Results of 104 arthrotomography scans with contrast of temporomandibular joints of 71 patients are used to define normal arthrography criteria (15.4% of cases). Reducible anterior displacements represented 28.8% of cases, non-reducible displacements 40.4%, perforations 12.5% (5.8% associated with a reducible luxation, 6.7% with a non-reducible luxation). The failure rate was 2.9%. Arthrography provides important information on articular morphology and dynamics, the state and position of the meniscus and of the posterior brake, and the state of the joint capsule. Performed by an experienced operator it possesses few complications. PMID- 3481450 TI - [Opaque arthrotomography: a routine examination in temporomandibular dysfunction]. AB - Tomographic examination of the temporo-mandibular joint after opacification of the meniscotemporal and meniscocondylian stages is an effective method of exploration of intra-articular lesions of the meniscal dynamic complex. Normal arthrotomographic appearances are described and four evolutory stages of the lesions proposed; by order of increasing seriousness: anterior position of meniscus, reducible anterior luxation, irreducible anterior luxation, meniscal perforation. The value of this examination is important during discussion of selective surgical treatment in painful dysfunctional syndromes of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3481451 TI - [Reducible meniscal luxation of the temporomandibular joint]. AB - Normal and pathologic functioning of the temporomandibular joint are summarized and clinical and arthrographic signs of reducible meniscal luxation described. The latter is distinguished clinically and radiologically from irreducible meniscal luxation and the myofacial syndrome. Etiological features are discussed and therapeutic solutions proposed in relation to three clinical cases reported. PMID- 3481452 TI - [Genioplasty. Different technics of osteotomy and their results]. AB - After insisting on the strict and precise manner with which the clinical examination should be carried out, the author provides a detailed description of Delaire's functional genioplasty, one which has the advantage of combining physiology and esthetic. Several clinical cases are used to illustrate this surgical technic and other examples of genioplasty are described. Genioplasty is in fact a surgical act which gives excellent esthetic results, but its indications must be carefully considered. PMID- 3481454 TI - [Use of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in cervico-maxillofacial surgery. Study carried out in 32 cases]. AB - The authors report their experience about 32 cases of island latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps used in Head and neck reconstruction: 29 where concerning cancer surgery, 3 traumatic after gun shots wounds. The advantages retained for explaining their use of this flap are discussed. The quality of the functional results, the versatility of its use and viability allow them to prefer it to any other one for reconstruction of large head and neck defects. PMID- 3481453 TI - [Experimental factors influencing the growth of the jaws]. AB - An experimental study evaluated the effect of various surgical procedures on maxillary growth. Raising and excision of palatine muco-periosteum did not modify facial or palatine growth. Resection of the bony palate showed the non-essential nature of the medial palaxine suture during normal growth, even in the transverse direction. Coagulation of the two posterior palaxine arteries disturbed palaxine growth, but ligature of the external carotid artery failed to alter facial growth. Several tests were carried out to determine the importance of functional matrices: excision of facial nerve trunk did not affect bone growth, destruction of the trigeminal provoked obvious disturbance of craniofacial growth while obturation of a nasal fossa produced no observable anomaly. Enucleation demonstrated the need for an intact globe for normal orbital growth, and resection of the mandibular condyle showed the primordial role of cartilaginous centers in mandibular growth. PMID- 3481455 TI - [Several cases of giant epulis observed in West Africa]. AB - The presenting symptomatology in 9 cases of giant epulis seen in West Africa was constantly difficulties in mastication or even speech, and on some occasions tumefaction of the face. A certain number of factors are involved in the development of these benign tumors, and although inflammation represents the primum movens of this affection, other causes, including some specific to the African continent, must be considered with a view to a pathogenic approach. PMID- 3481456 TI - The Twentieth Scandinavian Conference on Gastroenterology and the Eleventh Scandinavian Meeting on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Trondheim, Norway, 10-13 June 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3481457 TI - Quinolone penetration into canine vaginal and urethral secretions. AB - Four newer quinolones (amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin) were administered to female dogs by intravenous infusion. Drug concentrations in plasma, urine, and vaginal and urethral secretion were determined by bioassay. All four quinolones penetrated into vaginal and urethral secretion in concentrations several times higher than the MIC against common urinary pathogens, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin reaching concentrations exceeding the simultaneous plasma concentrations. Because of their favorable antibacterial spectra, new quinolones should be investigated clinically for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection and bacterial vaginitis. PMID- 3481458 TI - Rifampin and trimethoprim distribution in normal and hydronephrotic kidney and in prostate: an experimental study in dogs. AB - Concentrations of rifampin and trimethoprim, administered in the ratio 3.75:1 were measured in renal hilar lymph, renal interstitial fluid, prostatic interstitial fluid and prostatic secretion in dogs during constant infusion of the antibiotic combination. The lymph was obtained by direct cannulation of the lymphatics and the interstitial fluids from small plastic tissue chambers implanted 4 weeks before the experiments. Unilateral hydronephrosis was produced by ureteral ligation in dogs with tissue chambers in both kidneys to compare concentrations of the drug combination in renal interstitial fluid and urine from normal and hydronephrotic kidneys. Rifampin produced lower concentrations in both prostatic interstitial fluid and prostatic secretion than in plasma, while trimethoprim concentrations were much higher in prostatic secretion and prostatic interstitial fluid than in plasma. Renal lymph/plasma ratios and renal interstitial fluid/plasma ratios were significantly higher for trimethoprim than for rifampin, but only the lymph concentrations of trimethoprim exceeded the corresponding plasma concentrations. High urine concentrations were achieved for both drugs except in pelvises of hydronephrotic kidneys, where virtually no drug activity could be detected. Renal interstitial fluid concentrations of both drugs were similar in hydronephrotic and normal kidneys. The ratios between rifampin and trimethoprim concentrations varied considerably among plasma, various tissues and tissue fluids. PMID- 3481459 TI - Transurethral treatment of invasive tumours of the urinary bladder (T1, T2): recurrence and progression. AB - Forty-six newly diagnosed patients with T1 and T2 bladder tumours were treated with radical transurethral resection. During a six-month period more than 50% of the tumours recurred. Subsequently progression of tumours was seen within 24 months in 30 and 50% of the patients with T1 and T2 tumours, respectively. Prognosis with regard to the progression was significantly better in patients with Ta recurrence at first TUR control than in patients with invasive recurrent tumours. PMID- 3481460 TI - Transurethral surgery in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer (T1 and T2). AB - Ninety-nine primary transitional cell bladder tumours of categories T1 or T2 were treated by transurethral resection. 25% of these patients experienced a true recurrence indicating that surgery failed to control the tumour locally. These patients had a 5-year survival of 20%. We suspect that many of them did not have local disease when treated. Twenty-five % of the total patient population did not within five years get a new tumour. They were cured by the first transurethral resection. 30% of the patients experienced new non-invasive tumour growth that could be managed by repeated resections. These two groups of patients did extremely well, since the 5-year survival was equivalent to the 5-year survival of an age and sex matched control population. Thus, more than 50% of the patients benefitted from transurethral surgery. Less than 20% experienced a new invasive tumour growth. They are patients at risk of getting a progressive bladder cancer disease. 5-year survival of these patients was about 50%. We conclude that transitional cell bladder tumours of category T1 and some of category T2 are well treated by transurethral resection. PMID- 3481461 TI - Ureteral endosplints: a quiet revolution of urological treatment. AB - During the last decade ureteral endosplints have dramatically changed the management, urgency and risks of urinary drainage for benign and malignant hydronephrosis. In 38 cases with retroperitoneal fibrosis effective urinary drainage with endosplints was combined with cortisone/azathioprin-therapy and practically excluded the need for surgery. In 30 pregnant women with hydronephrosis, splints prevented surgery and abortion. During surgery, postoperatively and before ESWL splints solved various drainage problems. In 25 patients with tumour-induced hydronephrosis splints generally allowed for a comfortable survival time. The prerequisits and limits of medical decisions in respect to urinary drainage of malignant hydronephrosis are outlined. PMID- 3481462 TI - Ureterorenoscopy. Results of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. AB - During a 32-month period, 215 ureterorenoscopies were attempted in 171 ureterorenal units. The success rates for stone retrieval were 87% in the lower third of the ureter, 67% in the middle third, 75% in the upper third, and 55% in the pelvis. In 18% of cases a particular lesion could not be reached in diagnostic endoscopy but biopsies were obtained from seven out of eight tumours. The ureteric orifice was never dilated beyond 8 F and, yet, only four times could the instrument not be passed into the ureter. One major complication, an avulsion of 12 cm of the distal ureter, occurred. It is concluded that ureterorenoscopy is of significant value in the diagnosis and treatment of ureteric diseases. PMID- 3481463 TI - Initial experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy: results, problems and complications. AB - Initial experience from 132 cases of percutaneous lithotripsy performed at three departments in Arhus County in 1984-85 is reviewed. Twenty patients were not offered a percutaneous operation during this period. In 12 cases the stone had to be removed by open operation. Another 12 cases were also regarded as failures due to important residual stones or fragments. Stone free kidneys were obtained in 86 cases (64%), whereas 22 (17%) had minor residual stones or fragments considered unimportant in relation to the present indications for operation. Stones 20 mm in diameter, and especially staghorn stones frequently gave failures. Minor complications were recorded in 29 patients and resulted in 7 open operations, mostly from the early part of the series. Five severe complications were seen. An old weak man died from late complications after bleeding. The four others were operated for pulmonary embolism (1 pt), late bleeding (traumatic aneurysm, 2 pt) and colonic perforation (1 pt). They all recovered. PMID- 3481464 TI - Sterilization in Thailand. AB - Sterilization in Thailand began in the 40ies but the slow progress was due to lack of government support. In 1970 the government declared the population policy that resulted in the development of the tubal resection and vasectomy programs in the governmental hospitals and private sectors. The current total number of sterilizations reaches 200,000 cases annually with female to male ratio of 4:1. Contributions by the government and the private sectors are 80% and 20% respectively. The university hospitals have been involved in programme planning and various studies on sterilization acceptance and development of appropriate technology and delivery system. Sterilization service has been directed to the rural areas where 80% of the Thais live. All efforts are directed towards an objective to reduce the population growth to 1.2 by the end of 1990. PMID- 3481465 TI - Chlamydial infections in gynaecology and obstetrics. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted intracellularly growing rod, causing cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis and urethritis. Inclusion conjunctivitis and pneumonia are the sequelae of maternal cervicitis in newborns. In treatment tetracyclines and erythromycin are the drugs of choice. PMID- 3481466 TI - Fetal crown-rump length or biparietal diameter for assessing gestational age in the 13th and 14th week: a comparison. AB - Three-hundred fetal crown-rump length (CRL) measurements in the range 10-80 mm and 245 measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD) in the range of 17-50 mm were obtained in a longitudinal study of 105 pregnancies. The width of the 95% prediction interval for age estimates was established for 10 mm ranges of CRL and BPD. The prediction interval was most narrow (+/- 4 days) in week 11 (CRL measurements from 31 to 40 mm) and from then on increased with increasing age. In the period in which both CRL and BPD could be measured, weeks 13 and 14, the prediction interval was identical for the two (+/- 6 days), so that the most feasible ultrasound measurement could be chosen. PMID- 3481467 TI - Education of urologists in the United States, Switzerland, and Denmark. PMID- 3481468 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging offers new possibilities in the investigation of the prostate. The current results of imaging and tissue discrimination in the evaluation of prostatic disease are reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging may be of value in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 3481469 TI - Development of nosocomial and iatrogenic urinary tract infections (UTI) following urological interventions. A prospective clinical study. AB - Development of nosocomial and iatrogenic UTI was investigated over 3 months period of time. Included were 140 patients following 228 instrumentations or endoscopical or surgical interventions. Of these 84 were carried out under antimicrobial medication. 30 UTIs developed 1-8 days after the various procedures (= 13.2%): 10% after TUR-B, 14% after TUR-P and ureteral instrumentation, 16% following cystoscopy and catheterisation. No significant difference was observed between: Males and females, patients with or without antimicrobial medication, younger and older patients and after long or short procedures. Indwelling catheters remain sterile for 3 days. Though antimicrobial prophylaxis did not significantly influence the generally low rate of infection it appeared as a trend that the elderly patient who requires repeated interventions and who suffers from additional diseases as diabetes, consuming tumours and renal insufficiency may benefit from medication. PMID- 3481470 TI - Urinary tract infections in connection with transurethral resection of the prostate. AB - The study evaluates the incidence and consequences of infectious complications after 700 transurethral resections of the prostate. The patients were treated individually for bacteriuria according to urine cultures. No general antibacterial prophylaxis was used. 376 patients (54%) had negative urine cultures throughout the course and received no antibacterials. Of the 256 patients with an indwelling catheter before surgery only 64 (25%) had negative cultures throughout, as opposed to 312 (70%) out of 444 patients without an indwelling catheter preoperatively. Antibacterial treatment was given to 127 patients (18%) before surgery because of bacteriuria. Positive urine cultures postoperatively indicated antibacterial therapy to 197 patients (28%). Four non fatal cases of septicemia were recorded. The influence of bacteriuria and indwelling catheters on the postoperative course and on the length of hospital stay is documented. It is concluded that antibiotic prophylaxis may be indicated in patients with a preoperative urethral catheter; other patients should be treated if and when bacteriuria occurs. PMID- 3481471 TI - Use of blood in transurethral prostatectomy--routine or selective cross-matching? AB - In our series of 700 transurethral resections of the prostate 464 patients (66%) received no blood transfusions, while 121 patients (17%) received two or more units of blood. A significant relationship was demonstrated between the size of the prostate and the estimated blood loss, as well as between the presence of a preoperative urethral catheter and the blood loss. PMID- 3481473 TI - Swedish Association of Urology. Proceedings of the annual meeting 1986. Stockholm, December 3-5, 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3481472 TI - What is the role of lipid A in the development of pyelonephritis? A hypothesis. AB - From the studies of Westenfelder et al. and our own studies of the presence of lipid A antibodies in the upper and lower urinary tract infections, it can be concluded that chronic pyelonephritis is a lipid A induced disease. This hypothesis is based on the distinct statistically different antibody production in upper urinary tract infection in contrast to lower urinary tract infection, the persistence of lipid A in renal tissue, as well as the induction of lipid A nephritis in puppies. These observations should be considered in future studies to proceed in the clarification of these diseases. PMID- 3481474 TI - Eye motility dysfunction in chronic primary fibromyalgia with dysesthesia. AB - Thirty-six patients with "chronic primary fibromyalgia" combined with dysesthesia were studied using oculomotor tests. The test results were compared with those of a control group consisting of 71 healthy persons. The saccades were found to be abnormal in 42% of the patients studied. The maximum velocity of the saccades was often reduced, while the accuracy was normal. The smooth pursuit eye movements were deranged in 89% of the patients. The velocity gain was reduced and the number of corrective saccades was increased. The results indicate that brain dysfunction, often at the brainstem level, is commonly seen in patients with chronic primary fibromyalgia syndrome combined with dysesthesia. PMID- 3481475 TI - Neuroaudiological findings in chronic primary fibromyalgia with dysesthesia. AB - Thirty-six patients (31 females and 5 males) with "chronic primary fibromyalgia" combined with dysesthesia were studied using neuroaudiological tests. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was pathological in 11 patients (31%). In six instances the I-V interpeak latency (IPL) was prolonged, in two instances the interaural difference of wave V (IT5) was pathological, and in three instances there was a reduction of the amplitude of wave V. A comparison of the I-V IPLs between the female patient group and a matching control group showed that there was a significant prolongation of this parameter in the patient group. The ABR-findings indicate that a brainstem dysfunction might be present in some patients with fibromyalgia. The results of the impedance audiometric tests were generally normal in the patient group. PMID- 3481476 TI - [Acquired cystic disease and progressive renal deterioration: correlation with underlying nephropathy and with genetic markers]. PMID- 3481477 TI - [Use of collagen films in oral surgery]. PMID- 3481478 TI - [Use of artificial jet ventilation of the lungs in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3481479 TI - [Potentials of thermography in the diagnosis, combined examination and assessment of treatment effectiveness in patients with vascular tumors of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3481480 TI - [Cryogenic methods in the treatment of fibromas of the ear lobes]. PMID- 3481481 TI - [Cryogenic treatment of multiple primary tumors of the organs of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3481482 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of neoplasms of the minor salivary glands]. PMID- 3481483 TI - [Immunological status of patients with mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3481484 TI - [Comparative characteristics of round and band splints in treating mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3481485 TI - [Anatomical basis for choice of the screw length for osteosynthesis of the mandible using metal plates]. PMID- 3481486 TI - [Functional activity of the masticatory and mimetic muscles of patients with complex combined deformities of the facial skeleton]. PMID- 3481487 TI - [X-ray picture of changes in the facial skull in unilateral asymmetric mandibular macrognathia in adults]. PMID- 3481488 TI - [Microsurgical autograft of the omentum majus for contoured plastic repair of the neck]. PMID- 3481490 TI - [Modelling a congenital developmental defect of the type in the syndrome of the 1st and 2d branchial arches]. PMID- 3481489 TI - [Principles of transfusion therapy for patients with phlegmons of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3481491 TI - [Experimental histological study of candidal stomatitis in newborn animals]. PMID- 3481492 TI - [Characteristics of the dimensions of the dental arches and facial skeleton in deep bite]. PMID- 3481493 TI - [Effect of the method of shaping dentures from ceramic dental materials on their surface state]. PMID- 3481494 TI - [Combined treatment method in phlegmons of the orbit]. PMID- 3481495 TI - [Characteristics of the apportionment of dispensary groups of preschoolers]. PMID- 3481496 TI - [Effectiveness of using oxazepam and diazepam to correct the psychoemotional state in treating uncomplicated dental caries in middle-grade schoolchildren]. PMID- 3481497 TI - [Dispensary care in orthodontics]. PMID- 3481499 TI - [Lasers in the combined treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3481498 TI - [Medical errors in the differential diagnosis of the exacerbation of chronic parotitis and mumps]. PMID- 3481500 TI - [Integration of the teaching of dental disciplines and pathological anatomy]. PMID- 3481501 TI - [Quantitative study of wound microflora in patients with suppurative-inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3481502 TI - [Design of a prognostic outline during diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3481503 TI - [Changes in the factors of nonspecific protection of the body during treatment of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in elderly persons using prodigiozan]. PMID- 3481504 TI - Respiratory care of critically ill patients. PMID- 3481505 TI - [Associative links of genetic markers of blood and saliva with dental caries]. PMID- 3481506 TI - [Immunology of acute and chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 3481507 TI - Cross-specificity of the tumour marker CA 19-9: a case of ovarian carcinoma with recurrent venous thrombosis. PMID- 3481509 TI - [Characteristics of the HLA complex in women with infertility of inflammatory origin]. PMID- 3481508 TI - Combined intracervical PGE2 and intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha for induction of 2nd trimester abortion. AB - Fourteen consecutive patients (mean gestational age 18.1 weeks, range 15-23 weeks) referred for therapeutic termination of pregnancy were induced into abortion by intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha 40 mg followed by oxytocin stimulation. 14 other patients (mean gestational age 17.9 weeks, range 15-23 weeks) were pretreated with intracervical PGE2 1.0 mg in gel for 4 h prior to induction of abortion with intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha 40 mg without further stimulation. The induction-abortion interval for patients treated with intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha and oxytocin, was 19.1 +/- 2.94 h (+/- SE, n = 14) with a success rate of 80% after 24 h. After pretreatment with intracervical PGE2 1.0 mg in viscous gel, intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha 40 mg induced abortion after 11.2 +/- 1.12 h (+/- SE, n = 14) with a 100% success rate after 24 h. No systemic side effects of the PGE2 pretreatment were noted. No cervical laceration was observed. The results need further confirmation, but still suggest cervical priming with intracervical PGE2 1.0 mg in gel and subsequent induction of abortion by intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha 40 mg as an attractive principle for 2nd trimester abortion. PMID- 3481510 TI - Local application of 60Co in the treatment of leukemic infiltration of the eye. AB - A 20-year-old woman, who was first diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at age 5 years and had several episodes of central nervous system leukemia relapse, developed leukemic involvement in the left eye. Following local application of a 60Co scleral plaque, these ocular lesions disappeared and function of the eye was restored. PMID- 3481511 TI - [Mesonephric origin of steroid hormone producing interrenal nodes in the epididymis of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)]. PMID- 3481512 TI - Serum concentration and drug effect after intravenous and rectal administration of diazepam. AB - In a randomized crossover study on sedation in outpatient oral surgery, the relation between the serum profile and the drug effect profile for intravenously (i.v.) and rectally administered diazepam was studied. Both sedation methods were found to be equally efficient at a mean dose of 0.25 mg/kg (range, 0.14-0.45) for i.v. administration, and 0.53 mg/kg (range, 0.50-0.58) for rectal administration. Both the serum concentration and the effect reached their mean peaks at the same time; however, this was 15 min later after rectal sedation than after i.v. sedation. Intravenous administration yielded a significantly higher serum concentration of diazepam at the clinical endpoint than did rectal administration, but the mean effect levels at the clinical endpoint were equal for both sedation methods. No linear correlation between log-serum concentration and the patient's estimation of effect was found. PMID- 3481513 TI - Midazolam does not affect the field potentials in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. AB - The effect of midazolam on the field potentials (FPs) in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus following strong electrical stimulation of the upper lip was investigated in Wistar albino rats. The rats received i.p. dosages of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg midazolam, or physiological saline. Relative amplitudes of the negative deflection were not suppressed after midazolam injection. No significant differences were found in the latencies of the potentials before and after midazolam injection. It is suggested that the main action site of midazolam may be located at a higher level than the spinal trigeminal nucleus. PMID- 3481514 TI - The Gow-Gates technique for mandibular block anesthesia. A discussion and a mathematical analysis. AB - Reliable profound mandibular block anesthesia is questionable when depositing the anesthetic solution at the lingula. Complications can occur and the needle may impact a number of important anatomical structures by deep penetration. The Gow Gates technique for mandibular anesthesia obviates these problems.In this paper the Gow-Gates technique is reinterpreted using a geometrical approach based on lines and planes and is proved mathematically. In so doing a simple yet concise method of reaching the injection site is presented with a definite relationship between the anatomical pathway of the needle and a formal geometrical and mathematical pattern. PMID- 3481515 TI - Alarms for pulse oximeters. PMID- 3481516 TI - Validity and reliability of the interval scale of anxiety response. AB - The Interval Scale of Anxiety Response (ISAR) is shown to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring situation dental anxiety in adults. The ISAR demonstrates differences that are known or expected between various population subgroups. Thus, significantly higher scores, indicating greater levels of anxiety, are reported by women compared with men; by hospital clinic patients compared with private practice patients; by occasional compared with regular users of dental care; by those with lower educational levels; and by those patients undergoing exodontia compared with patients having other dental procedures. Younger adults also report significantly higher anxiety scores during treatment than older adults. The ISAR is also significantly associated with other measures of anxiety and pain, and with a measure of dentistrated difficulty of extraction. Reliability is assessed favorably and present-time administration is found to improve ISAR accuracy over its retrospective use. PMID- 3481517 TI - Comparison of two intravenous sedation techniques for percutaneous radio frequency trigeminal rhizotomy. A pilot study. AB - Conscious sedation, as used in dentistry and oral surgery, has been used satisfactorily to manage patients undergoing the intense pain encountered in radio frequency trigeminal rhizotomy for tic douloureux. The pain produced by this procedure cannot be blocked by local anesthesia. General anesthesia cannot be used because of the need for sensory testing in an awake, cooperative patient. Conscious sedation using alphaprodine, hydroxyzine, methohexital, and intensive behavioral modification was compared with a neuroleptic intravenous sedation technique using droperidol, fentanyl, and thiopental. Patients managed with conscious sedation were found to be more amnestic for the pain of surgery, a difference that persisted six months later. PMID- 3481518 TI - Conscious sedation for minor gynecologic surgery in the ambulatory patient. A pilot study. AB - A conscious sedation regimen consisting of alphaprodine, hydroxyzine, and methohexital together with intensive behavior modification was evaluated in an open pilot study for patients undergoing minor gynecologic surgery. This combination was found to result in hemodynamic stability, satisfactory patient compliance, and patient and surgeon acceptance. Patients were unable to recognize words taught to them just after drugs were administered.Electroencephalogram (EEG) changes seen in general anesthesia or deep sedation were not found in the EEG records of a subset of patients. These findings suggest that conscious sedation can provide adequate relief of pain and anxiety for minor gynecologic procedures when local anesthesia can achieve only partial pain relief. PMID- 3481520 TI - Psychologic interventions for the anxious dental patient. AB - This article asserts that pharmacologic usage can be reduced by understanding that pain is composed of somatic, affective, and cognitive elements; the dentist should be assertive in addressing and dealing with the emotional and psychological aspects of the anxious and fearful patient. The dentist can measure levels of anxiety and fear through self-report and records of dental care; an easily administered test of dental anxiety, such as the Dental Anxiety Scale; and a structured interview in a nonoperatory setting. For those patients exhibiting a moderate amount of anxiety, attention to basic aspects of good clinic care should be sufficient. For those patients manifesting a high level of anxiety, a treatment program implemented by a dental clinical assistant is outlined and recommended. The treatment program is intended to increase patient relaxation, positive cognitive coping statements, sensory information, sense of control, and confidence in handling the dental procedures. At any level of anxiety, it is recommended that patients be abundantly praised for any element of success in dealing with the stress of their dental experience. Lastly, for those patients who do not respond to treatment efforts to reduce anxiety, it is recommended that the dentist establish a regular consultation with a psychologist who is an expert in treating dental fear and anxiety. PMID- 3481519 TI - Comparison of inferior dental nerve block injections in child patients using 30 gauge and 25-gauge short needles. AB - Thirty-gauge needles are generally not recommended by dental schools, yet many dentists use them. Thin needles (30 gauge) can aspirate blood, have similar deflection to thick needles (25 gauge), and resist breakage. Measurable clinical differences between inferior dental block injections using 25-gauge or 30-gauge short needles for children is addressed in this research paper. Random allocation assigned 76 cases to 30-gauge and 62 cases to 25-gauge tribeveled. Twenty-seven gauge short needles are in routine use for inferior dental nerve block injections in our clinics. After informed written consent was obtained, inferior dental block injections were carefully administered to children (62 males and 76 females, mean age 10 years +/- 3 [SD], range 4-18 years) by faculty and students in pediatric dentistry and observed by one of two trained observers. After aspiration in two planes (180 degrees ), 0.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was deposited in the lingual block area then 1.0 mL in the inferior dental area after touching bone. Any aspirate was recorded and subjective pain scores were taken immediately using a visual analogue scale. Five minutes after the commencement of the injection, the efficacy was tested objectively by two light needle pricks of the mucosa adjacent to the cuspid. The comparability of groups as regards age and sex was verified. Half of the injections were effective at five minutes in each group. There were no significant differences in efficacy, or pain scores. Both 25- and 30-gauge groups had nine instances of slight aspiration and two instances of more marked aspirations. The overall aspiration rate was 16%. It is concluded that 25- and 30-gauge needles do not differ significantly with respect to efficacy, pain, or aspiration. Children do not think that inferior dental nerve block injections hurt very much, and there is no evidence to support a change from 25- to 30-gauge needles. PMID- 3481521 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of standard risk: preliminary results obtained with protocol LL-IV-81]. AB - Forty-five patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of standard risk who were treated with the same protocol of therapy are presented. Induction therapy consisted of Vincristine (5 doses), L-asparaginase (10 doses) and prednisone. Complete remission was attained in 43 cases (95%). Two different methods of CNS prophylaxis were used; radiotherapy of the skull (18 Gy) associated with intrathecal methotrexate and intermediate dose intravenous methotrexate (1 g/M, 12 dose) with simultaneously intrathecal methotrexate. With a mean follow-up time of 28 months in group A and 35 Mo in group B, 82% and 75% respectively remain in continuous complete remission (p: NS). One case of meningeal leukemia was detected in each group. There patients in group A (13.6%) and four in group B (20%) suffered a bone marrow relapse. Actuarial survival rate at 36 months were 76 among the patients in group A and 83% in group B. Our results indicate that the two methods of CNS prophylaxis are both effective and in this series we have not observed any decrease in the bone marrow relapse rate when intermediate dose methotrexate was used. PMID- 3481523 TI - [Analysis of the relation between the genetic index and constitutional markers]. PMID- 3481522 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of high risk: results of a therapeutic protocol]. AB - Sixteen consecutive children diagnosed of "high risk" acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with a protocol including VM-26, ARC and intermediate-dose Mtx. Complete remission was obtained in 94 por 100 of patients. Actuarial haematologic remission rate at 36 months is 87% and continuous complete remission rate 58%. Twelve doses of Mtx (IV + IT) appear to be insufficient as SNC prophylaxis in these high risk children. Nevertheless hematologic relapse rate is very low. Mean follow-up time is 31 months and survival rate 87%. PMID- 3481524 TI - Expression of transferrin receptors: differential regulatory mechanisms in monocytes-macrophages versus other hemopoietic cells. PMID- 3481525 TI - The search for thromboresistance using immobilized heparin. PMID- 3481526 TI - Obstetric care, pregnancy risk factors and perinatal outcome in the province of Uusimaa, Finland, in 1980-1981. AB - The study was carried out in order to learn about the present state of obstetric care and perinatal outcome in the province of Uusimaa, Finland. The material consisted of 29,061 pregnant women, including 313 multiple pregnancies and 29,374 newborn infants born in the years 1980 and 1981. The information gathered was mostly retrospective. The overall frequency of LBW children was 3.9 percent, of very LBW children 0.8, of preterm children 5.8, of very preterm children 0.7, and of post-term children 4.7 percent. The overall frequency of neonatal transfers to a pediatric ward was 8.6 percent. Centralization of high risk deliveries has increased in Uusimaa since 1975, as judged by the frequencies of LBW children born at the two largest delivery units and four district hospitals. Almost 95 percent of mothers-to-be began their antenatal classes before 16 weeks of gestation. Late admission to antenatal care after week 15 was an independent risk factor for unfavorable pregnancy outcome. The cesarean section rate was 16.5 percent. The frequencies were highest at the State Maternity Hospital (19.7%) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (18.2%). The frequency varied largely in district hospitals (5.9-16.3%). This resulted partly from different indications for cesarean sections in these hospitals. The mean age of the parturients was 28.5 years. The best pregnancy outcome was observed in women aged 25-29 years. Almost half of the parturients were primiparous, and only 4.0 percent were quadri or grand multiparous. Secundiparous women had the best pregnancy outcome. Terti parity or more was not a risk factor per se; the difference in the frequency of unfavorable outcome between secundiparas and terti-paras or more disappeared after those with unsuccessful histories were excluded, while the difference still remained significant between primi- and secundiparas. Of all pregnant women, 23 percent had experienced one and 6.4 percent several spontaneous or legally induced abortions. The effect of the number of abortions on the frequency of preterm and very preterm deliveries was linear both in singleton and multiple pregnancies. Almost 70 percent of the parturients belonged to the two highest social classes and 86 percent were married. Children of married women from higher social classes had the best perinatal outcome. Unmarried women from lower social classes more often had 'behavioral' risk factors--they were more often heavy smokers, were uncertain about the dates, had had two or more abortions and neglected maternity care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3481527 TI - Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome. PMID- 3481528 TI - Intraoral expansion of normal bone resembling fibrous dysplasia: case report. PMID- 3481529 TI - Semi-quantitative clinical description of oral submucous fibrosis. PMID- 3481530 TI - Sturge-Weber syndrome--a combined surgical, periodontal and prosthetic treatment. PMID- 3481531 TI - Increasing numbers of minority group dentists. PMID- 3481532 TI - Acrocephalosyndactyly. Apert's syndrome--case report of a rarity. PMID- 3481533 TI - Complex odontoma in the maxillary sinus. An unusual presentation. PMID- 3481534 TI - Fusion with dilated composite odontome. A case report. PMID- 3481535 TI - Removable prosthodontic needs of prison inmates. PMID- 3481537 TI - Rare multiple keratocysts of the mandible. PMID- 3481536 TI - Who uses the services of orthodontists? PMID- 3481538 TI - Postradiation complications in jaws after recurrent nasopharyngeal tumor. PMID- 3481539 TI - Ameloblastoma: the conservative approach. PMID- 3481540 TI - [Action of the antitumor antibiotic aclarubicin on the blood system and bone marrow hematopoiesis in an experiment]. AB - The effect of various doses of antitumor antibiotic aclarubicin on the peripheral blood system and medullary hemopoiesis was studied on Wistar rats. It was shown that intraperitoneal administration of the drug in doses of 0.08, 0.33 and 1.2 mg/kg daily for 6 months did not induce any significant changes in the blood count of the animals. The dose of 1.2 mg/kg which is almost 2.5 times higher than the maximum course dose of aclarubicin for patients induced a decrease in the hemoglobin count recorded within the whole observation period. A single administration of aclarubicin in LD50 equal to 17.4 mg/kg resulted in marked suppression of hemopoiesis. The drug had the most prolonged suppressive effect on the bone marrow myeloid body. Depression of erythropoiesis was short-term. PMID- 3481541 TI - Activity of cefmetazole against anaerobic bacteria. AB - The in vitro activity of cefmetazole versus that of other antimicrobial drugs was assessed against 374 clinical isolates of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Compared with cefoxitin, cefmetazole showed good activity against Bacteroides fragilis, other Bacteroides species, and anaerobic cocci. It was somewhat less active than cefoxitin against Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, B. distasonis, and B. vulgatus and somewhat more active against Clostridium spp. PMID- 3481542 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta HSD), and its relation to the ultrastructure of steroidogenic cells in immature and mature rat ovaries. AB - Immunocytochemical localization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta HSD) and its relation to the ultrastructure of steroidogenic cells were examined in mature and immature rat ovaries. In mature (8-10 weeks old) rat ovaries, the theca interna cells of secondary as well as Graafian follicles, and the interstitial gland cells were all strongly stained with anti-17 beta-HSD antibody. However, granulosa cells, corpus luteum cells, oocytes and peritoneal epithelial cells were negative against this staining. In the ovaries of 1-week old rats, all these cells were negative to immunostaining for 17 beta-HSD. In the ovaries of 2-week-old rats, the theca interna cells of secondary follicles and the interstitial gland cells showed a positive reaction for the 17 beta-HSD activity. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated the presence of characteristic structures for steroid secretory cells such as many lipid droplets, well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and oval mitochondria with tubular cristae in the theca interna cell of secondary as well as Graafian follicles and in the interstitial gland cell of mature rat ovaries. In the ovaries of 1-week-old rats, all the theca cells of the primary and secondary follicles were fibroblast-like in their shape and fine structure, and typical interstitial cells were not recognized. In the 2-week-old rats, some of the theca interna cells and interstitial cells were well differentiated in ultrastructure, showing characteristic features for steroid secretory cells. These findings indicate that by 2 weeks after birth, theca interna cells and interstitial gland cells acquire the ability for testosterone production as seen in mature rat ovaries. PMID- 3481543 TI - Expression of myeloid differentiation antigens on normal and chronic granulocytic leukemia erythroid progenitor cells identified by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The antigenic phenotype of erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E and CFU-E) in bone marrow and peripheral blood from normal individuals and patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) was studied using 14 myeloid monoclonal antibodies (Mc Abs) in a complement dependent cytotoxicity assay followed by culture in methylcellulose. Mc Abs which reacted with normal CFU-GEMM and CFU-GM antigens usually reacted strongly with normal and CGL-BFU-E. In contrast, the majority of myeloid Mc Abs used in the study reacted poorly or did not recognize the antigens on normal and CGL CFU-E. HLA-DR antigens recognized by L243 Mc Ab were expressed on the majority of BFU-E from blood and bone marrow of normal individuals and CGL patients. On the other hand, those antigens were not expressed on normal and leukaemic CFU-E. Two Mc Abs, R1.B19 and WGHS29.1, which recognised the antigens on "late" CFU-GM and not on "early" CFU-GM reacted with a higher proportion of BFU-E from the marrow and blood of CGL patients than of normal subjects. These results indicate that BFU-E in CGL are more differentiated than their normal counterparts. The Mc Ab 54/39, frequently expressed on platelets, recognized a higher percentage of BFU-E and CFU-E from CGL patients than from normal individuals. This may suggest that in CGL there exists a tendency for the expression of megakaryocytic markers on erythroid progenitor cells. PMID- 3481544 TI - [Supportive therapy with thrombocyte concentrates in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 3481546 TI - Optical methods for the detection and quantification of caries. PMID- 3481545 TI - Effects of the new calcium antagonist 2-nitratopropyl-3-nitratopropyl-2,6 dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophe nyl)- 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate on cerebral circulation in dogs. AB - 2-Nitratopropyl-3-nitratopropyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitropheny l)- 1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (CD-349), nimodipine and nicardipine (0.3-3 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased vertebral blood flow (VBF) in the anesthetized dog, the effect of CD-349 being the strongest, and they also decreased blood pressure. All these drugs slightly increased femoral blood flow. CD-349, nimodipine and nicardipine (1-10 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased cerebral tissue blood flow (CBF) in the anesthetized dog, CD-349 producing the most sustained and pronounced effect. CD-349 (3 micrograms/kg i.v.) restored the decrease of CBF induced by the application of 0.5 ml of serotonin (5-HT, 10(-5) mol/l), KCl (30 mmol/l) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha, 10(-4) mol/l) to the surface of the cerebrum of the anesthetized dog. In isolated canine basilar arteries. K-contraction was completely inhibited, but the relaxation of 5-HT- and PGF2 alpha-contractions by these drugs was incomplete. CD-349 had a more potent effect than nicardipine and nimodipine on basilar arteries. These results indicate that CD-349 is a potent cerebrovasodilator. PMID- 3481548 TI - Conference on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology in Dentistry. September 29 October 1, 1986. National Institute of Dental Research. PMID- 3481547 TI - Optical methods to measure shape and size. PMID- 3481549 TI - Piezoelectric polymer transducers. PMID- 3481550 TI - General aspects of optical methods in dentistry. PMID- 3481551 TI - Nuclear medicine techniques for the detection of active alveolar bone loss. PMID- 3481552 TI - Biochemical and microanalytical methods. PMID- 3481553 TI - Telemetric methods using ion-specific electrodes. PMID- 3481554 TI - Effects of polylactic acid microcapsules containing prostaglandin E2 on the survival rates of grade II coma galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure rats. AB - Prostaglandin E2 was successfully incorporated into low molecular weight polylactic acid microcapsules. The size distribution of the microcapsules ranges from 20 to 50 micron. The microcapsules released drug continuously up to three days in vitro. The galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure rats model was used. 36 hours after the injection of galactosamine, those rats in grade II coma were chosen and pairs were matched for comparable degree of coma. Then each of the pair was randomly selected as control or treated. Each rat in the treated group received an intraperitoneal injection of PGE2 microcapsules containing 0.55 mg of PGE2. The control received blank PLA microcapsules only. The survival rate of the treated group was 40% compared to 10% in the control group. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the survival rate in the treated group. PMID- 3481555 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on brain edema and liver histopathology in a galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure rat model. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the histopathology of liver and brain edema was studied in the galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure (Ga1N FHF) rat model. The effect of PGE2 on the development of brain edema was studied in grade II coma FHF rats by electron microscopy and by measurement of brain water content and brain swelling. Electron microscopy revealed extensive pericapillary astroglial cell swelling and morphological changes of its subcellular organelles in control FHF rats. PGE2 injected FHF rats showed reduced astroglial swelling and brain edema. PGE2 administration significantly (p less than 0.02) inhibited the progression of both brain edema and brain tissue swelling when compared with saline injected control FHF animals. However, the liver damage shown in EM assessment appeared to progress after PGE2 injection. This would appear that PGE2 is acting directly on the Blood Bain Barrier (BBB) to preserve it despite progressive hepatic failure. PMID- 3481556 TI - Excretion of hydroxyurea into milk. AB - This article documents that hydroxyurea (HUR) is excreted into human breast milk, and it reviews the literature describing similar evaluations for other antineoplastic agents. PMID- 3481557 TI - The predictive value of a combination of tumor markers in monitoring patients with ovarian cancer. AB - To evaluate the predictive value of the serial determination of various tumor markers, we measured carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, cancer antigen 125, and tissue polypeptide antigen in 109 patients with ovarian cancer before surgery, during postoperative chemotherapy, and follow-up. From these patients two groups were randomly selected. Group 1 (30 patients) had a favorable course, and Group 2 (30 patients) had an unfavorable course. Using the discriminant analysis we calculated a linear discriminant function and a cut-off score. The two groups were thereby separated according to their scores (characteristic values) from their marker values. The scores accurately reflected the clinical course in 55 of the 60 patients (91.7%). This discriminant function was then used to make a prognosis in 49 patients. In 21 patients an elevated characteristic value (greater than or equal to cut-off score) indicated disease progression 5 months before clinical confirmation was possible. The remaining 28 patients scored below the cut-off point. From six to 65 months (mean, 26.2) after surgery all are free of recurrence. It is concluded that invasive procedures, second-look laparotomy, for instance, may not be necessary in following up ovarian cancer patients with normal tumor marker profiles. PMID- 3481558 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, and CA 125 in normal and carcinomatous human colorectal tissue. AB - In 115 primary colorectal carcinomas and 64 normal colorectal mucosa specimens the concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and CA 125 were measured. The determinations were performed in cytosols by use of radioimmunometric and enzymeimmunometric assays and related to the wet tissue weight. In the cancer tissue the CEA levels ranged from 5.5 to 1990 micrograms/g tissue and were significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) than those found in the normal mucosa (1.2-58.6 micrograms/g). The CA 19-9 content in carcinoma specimens (120-72660 U/g) was also significantly higher (P = 0.011) than in the normal mucosa (37-5800 U/g). In contrast, no significant difference of the CA 125 concentrations between the normal and the cancer tissue was found. The relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the three markers corroborate CEA as the marker superior to CA 19-9. On the other hand is shown that CA 125 is completely unable to discriminate between normal and cancer tissues. A decreasing CEA tissue concentration and an increasing dedifferentiation of colorectal cancers were significantly (P = 0.018) related with each other. Higher tumor stages implied significantly higher tissue marker values of CA 19-9 (P = 0.027) and CA 125 (P = 0.0008). The findings correspond quite well with serum examinations of the three markers which have been reported earlier. PMID- 3481559 TI - Gutta-percha/eucapercha, Part II: Indications, representative cases, and pitfall management. PMID- 3481560 TI - Local anesthetics: a review of their pharmacology and clinical use. PMID- 3481561 TI - Competitive fee-for-service coverage: marketing to personnel administrators. PMID- 3481562 TI - HTR polymer bone-grafting material: a clinical survey of 647 cases. PMID- 3481563 TI - An unusual complication of a mandibular fracture. PMID- 3481564 TI - The surface texture of composite resin after polishing with commercially available toothpastes. PMID- 3481565 TI - [Value of cytapheresis in the treatment of loaiasis with high blood microfilaria levels. Results in 7 cases]. AB - Seven patients infected with the filarial worm Loa loa received a treatment by cytapheresis in an attempt to lower the microfilaraemia. Microfilarial levels of between 6,000 and 38,500 ml, before extraction, were reduced, according to the case, by between 47 and 97% (mean 76%). The diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy which followed in 6 of 7 patients showed no sign of any of the serious side-effects which often occur in these type of cases. Due to its practicality and the fact that it is well tolerated, both clinically and biologically, cytapheresis would seem to represent the best method for initially treating loaiasis with high microfilaremia. PMID- 3481566 TI - [Velopharyngeal closure dysfunction in various neurological disorders examined by using the flow-nasality graph]. PMID- 3481567 TI - [Five cases of a Joseph disease family with non-REM sleep apnea and MRI study]. PMID- 3481569 TI - Influence of delayed coronal permanent restoration on endodontic prognosis. PMID- 3481570 TI - Late complications of luxation injuries to teeth. PMID- 3481568 TI - Clinical performance of three endodontic sealers. PMID- 3481571 TI - A one-year follow-up of partial pulpotomy and calcium hydroxide capping in primary molars. PMID- 3481573 TI - Working length and apical patency: the control factors. PMID- 3481572 TI - Pulpal calcifications in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 3481574 TI - Principles of pulp testing for patients with oral pain. PMID- 3481575 TI - Future developments in phenylketonuria. AB - Treatment of classical phenylketonuria (PKU) is very good, but problems still exist in regard to the duration of treatment and a means of ensuring that all women with PKU recommence dietary treatment before becoming pregnant. A 'one shot' cure of the disease remains desirable and may become available in the more distant future by somatic cell gene therapy. Insertion of a normal gene or correction of the defective gene at the normal site in the chromosome and in liver cells is likely to be necessary both technically and ethically. Prevention by prenatal diagnosis is not widely accepted in Australia and is likely to have little effect on the frequency of the disease. PMID- 3481576 TI - Aerococcus bacteremia associated with granulocytopenia. AB - Two cases of bacteremic infection due to aerococci in granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia and oral mucositis are described. Strains isolated from blood cultures of both patients were resistant to the antibiotics given orally for prophylaxis. One patient died in septic shock; surveillance cultures from oral washings in the other repeatedly showed high concentrations of aerococci. Aerococci were also isolated from surveillance cultures taken from 5 of 17 other patients with acute leukemia; however, their viable counts were lower than in the surviving patient. PMID- 3481577 TI - Genetic markers in malaria patients of Delhi. PMID- 3481578 TI - A comparison of abrasion resistance of dental stones. PMID- 3481579 TI - The loss of residual monomer from denture base polymers coated with an ultraviolet light-activated polymer. PMID- 3481580 TI - Direct determination of fluoride in selected dental materials. PMID- 3481581 TI - A torsional method for the evaluation of tensile properties of ceramic materials: dental porcelain. PMID- 3481582 TI - The punch-shear strength of six cavity liners. PMID- 3481583 TI - Wear resistance of isosit and polymethyl methacrylate occlusal splint material. PMID- 3481584 TI - The effect of the curing cycle upon the molecular weight and properties of denture base materials. PMID- 3481585 TI - The effect of burnishing on the marginal leakage of high copper amalgam restorations: an in vitro study. PMID- 3481586 TI - Corrosion in vivo and in vitro of a commercial NiCrBe alloy. PMID- 3481587 TI - Microstructures of Cu-rich amalgam restorations with moderate clinical deterioration. PMID- 3481589 TI - Potentiodynamic polarization analysis of low-gold and silver-palladium alloys in three different media. PMID- 3481588 TI - Conservative preparation designs for Class II amalgam restorations. PMID- 3481590 TI - Effect of metal surfacing on the color characteristics of porcelain veneer. PMID- 3481591 TI - Determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient. PMID- 3481592 TI - Microstructures of high copper amalgams after corrosion in various solutions. PMID- 3481594 TI - Finite element stress analysis of restored teeth. PMID- 3481593 TI - Comparison of composite and amalgam in posterior teeth of children. PMID- 3481595 TI - Geometric and material parameters of a nickel-titanium and a beta titanium orthodontic arch wire alloy. PMID- 3481596 TI - In vitro corrosion behavior of four Ni-Cr dental alloys in lactic acid and sodium chloride solutions. PMID- 3481597 TI - Monomers and filler content of resin-based crown and bridge materials. PMID- 3481598 TI - A study design for an in vivo investigation of marginal fracture in amalgam restorations. PMID- 3481599 TI - Alternative beta-titanium alloys for orthodontic wires. PMID- 3481600 TI - The 8-year clinical performance of 15 low-gold casting alloys. PMID- 3481601 TI - Salivary glands clearance and related factors in elderly people. PMID- 3481602 TI - Changes in human masseter and medial pterygoid muscles with age: a study by computed tomography. PMID- 3481603 TI - Craniomandibular dysfunction among an edentulous Canadian population. PMID- 3481604 TI - Hygiene of the tongue. PMID- 3481605 TI - Age-related changes in alveolar bone repair in adult rats. PMID- 3481606 TI - Facial liposuction. PMID- 3481608 TI - Liposuction and facial lifting. PMID- 3481609 TI - Liposuction in the cheek, chin, and neck: a clinical study. PMID- 3481607 TI - Treatment of cervicofacial lipomatosis with the suction-dissection technique. PMID- 3481611 TI - Management of the platysma muscle after open and closed liposuction of the neck in facelift surgery. PMID- 3481610 TI - Suction lipectomy of the face and neck. PMID- 3481612 TI - Liposuction of the neck: a new device of paddler cannula and a paddling technique in an open system. PMID- 3481613 TI - How effective is liposuction of the neck and jowls when performed as an independent procedure? PMID- 3481614 TI - Cosmetic evaluation of the lower third of the face. PMID- 3481616 TI - Cervico-mandibular and cervico-mental angle problems. PMID- 3481615 TI - Aging lips. Esthetic analysis and correction. PMID- 3481617 TI - Mentoplasty. PMID- 3481618 TI - Orthognathic surgery and esthetics of the lower face. PMID- 3481619 TI - Principles of reconstruction of the lower third of the face and cosmetic corrections of the lips. PMID- 3481620 TI - Lip reconstruction. PMID- 3481621 TI - Craniofacial anomalies--are they a public health problem? AB - Craniofacial anomalies represent a diverse range of developmental defects. Some of the more uncommon conditions are severely disabling and place a heavy demand upon health care resources. Of primary interest in dental public health are the group of conditions referred to as dentofacial anomalies. A minority of dentofacial anomalies may be damaging to the integrity of the dentition or may interfere with function, some may also constitute a genuine cosmetic problem for the individual. Two important questions to be addressed are first, how can those conditions where treatment at public expense is justified on health grounds be defined and secondly, how can criteria be applied to the individual case in a way that is fair and acceptable. While it may be feasible to develop an index of priority for orthodontic treatment need, the more difficult challenge is having it accepted by the public and profession and adopted as an effective management instrument. Use of a valid and reliable index could lead to finite resources for orthodontic treatment being distributed in a more beneficial way. PMID- 3481622 TI - Appropriate dental training. AB - Primary dental health care has emerged as an important concept, particularly in the poor countries of the world, where dentistry as currently practised has not proved capable of controlling oral disease. Training for primary dental health care provision must be shaped to meet the specific needs of countries and communities. It demands a reorientation of those objectives which are conventional in dental teaching and the development of new attitudes on the part of teachers. Training must aim at self-development in which the ability to achieve simple goals is to the fore. The formulation of plans, the activities which result from them and the evaluation of their effects must be central to the teaching philosophy. Training must aim to develop competency in individual workers. This can best be generated by the use of field exercises. Teachers must not just deliver packages of information but they should develop a climate favourable to self-learning and use resources in a manner which allow students to recognise their own growth and development. Appropriate methods for achieving these goals are reviewed. PMID- 3481623 TI - The International Collaborative Oral Health Development Project. AB - The Canadian Dental Therapy programme was developed to meet the dental needs of remote communities in the North West Territories. In collaboration with the Mozambique Government trainees from that country are now being admitted to a modification of the programme designed to meet the needs of Mozambique. The aim is to help the Mozambicans to establish a core of supervisors, educators and providers of dental care within their dental auxiliary programme. (Editor's summary.) PMID- 3481624 TI - Information systems for oral health. AB - The global basis for an information system in oral health was introduced by WHO in 1971. Still very few countries have so far prepared a comprehensive national plan for oral health care of the entire population including an information system for monitoring and evaluation. Therefore it is important to realize that the global goals for oral health in the year 2000 introduced by WHO and FDI include a requirement to establish a national monitoring system for oral health. The WHO has developed a simple "Pathfinder' survey methodology for production of baseline data for a national plan for oral health care. This methodology has now been successfully applied in a number of countries. As a result the WHO Global Oral Data Bank contains a unique set of data on oral health worldwide. It should be understood, however, that within nations more comprehensive and sophisticated information systems are needed to support the activities related to the global goal of Health for All by the Year 2000. This paper gives a short introduction to the development of national information system for oral health utilizing statistics, records and ad hoc studies. The ultimate goal is to build a continuing surveillance system for oral health status and service organization. PMID- 3481625 TI - Periodontal awareness project in the United Kingdom: CPITN and self-assessment. AB - The outcome of a practitioner-orientated joint project between Unilever's Elida Gibbs and FDI, together with Elida Gibbs patient-orientated programme is described. The practitioner-orientated project concentrated on activities associated with the use of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in general dental practice. These activities, involving sponsored research at a dental school and a study with UK dentists, have shown the potential of CPITN as a screening method for patients in general practice for periodontal diseases. There is evidence to show that patient-orientated programmes have increased periodontal awareness in the UK. PMID- 3481626 TI - The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) procedure for population groups and individuals. AB - The FDI-WHO Joint Working Group 1 on periodontal diseases supports the use of the CPITN as an epidemiological screening procedure for periodontal treatment needs in populations and also, in a modified form for screening and monitoring of individuals by dental practitioners. The advantages of the CPITN procedure have become more evident following 7 years of development and field experience. This report reviews the CPITN procedure and describes in detail the use of the method for both purposes. Methods, clinical criteria and evaluation of the CPITN data are discussed. The CPITN is primarily a screening procedure which requires clinical assessment for the presence or absence of periodontal pockets, calculus and gingival bleeding. Use of a special CPITN periodontal probe (or its equivalent) is recommended. For epidemiological purposes in adult populations, 10 specified index teeth are examined; for persons under 20 years of age only six index teeth are specified. In dental practice all teeth are examined and the highest score for each sextant noted. Only 6 scores are recorded. Measures of gingival recession, tooth mobility, intensity of inflammation, precise identification of pocket depths or differentiation between supra- and subgingival calculus are not included in the CPITN. Individuals are assigned to one of four treatment need categories determined from their CPITN scores. Detailed explanations are given for the evaluation of epidemiological data. Four tabulations provide an insight into the overall pattern of prevalence, severity and categories of treatment need. For health services planning, the data provide a basis for estimating overall population needs in terms of treatment categories and the clinical personnel required for periodontal care. In the clinical care situation the procedure offers a simple screening method for determining the level of intervention required and also a tool for the longitudinal monitoring of disease changes. Used with commonsense and an understanding of periodontal disease, the CPITN procedure provides the epidemiologist and the practitioner with a practical means of assessing periodontal treatment needs. PMID- 3481627 TI - Bactericidal effect of ofloxacin alone and combined with fosfomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in sera from volunteers. AB - The bactericidal activity of ofloxacin alone and in combination was evaluated against strains of Staphylococcus aureus by measuring MBCs, FBC indexes and by the killing curve technique. Bactericidal titres were determined in sera from volunteers given ofloxacin alone or in combination with fosfomycin or vancomycin. FBC indices less than 0.75 were observed with fosfomycin, showing moderate synergy. FBC indices of 1 were seen with vancomycin. Killing kinetic experiments indicated that ofloxacin (1 and 4 mg/l) exerted a rapid bactericidal effect (99.9% killing in 4 h); the combination of ofloxacin and fosfomycin was synergistic for one of three strains, while killing kinetics of ofloxacin were unaltered by fosfomycin for two of three strains or by vancomycin for the three strains. Sera collected two hours after ofloxacin or fosfomycin had been administered had bactericidal titres less than 1/2. Bactericidal titres were significantly greater in sera from volunteers given the combination of these two drugs. Similar bactericidal titres were obtained in sera after the administration of vancomycin alone or in combination with ofloxacin. A loading dose of 400 mg ofloxacin with subsequent doses of 200 mg had no significantly prolonged effect on bactericidal titres. PMID- 3481628 TI - Effect of imipenem (N-formimidoyl-thienamycin) on the in-vitro lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Imipenem, a new carbapenem, was tested for its inhibitory or stimulatory effects on concanavalin A- and phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated proliferation (measured by 3H-thymidine uptake) of murine splenocytes and thymocytes. Addition of imipenem at concentrations of 10-50 mg/l induced lymphocyte transformation in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Since imipenem stimulated blastogenesis at concentrations achievable in serum when used therapeutically, these results may have potential clinical significance. PMID- 3481629 TI - On the specificity of prostaglandin and steroid induced inhibition of 3H-proline incorporation in the human follicular wall. AB - Experiments were carried out to elucidate whether the previously reported inhibitory effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on 3H-proline incorporation into total protein of specimens from the isolated preovulatory human follicular wall could be exerted also by other prostanoids. Moreover, investigations were designed to explore if the previously documented inhibitory effect of steroids on 3H-proline incorporation could be mediated by endogenously formed PGs. Tissue specimens from the apical wall of follicles were incubated in the presence of PGF2 alpha, 6-keto PGF1 alpha, progesterone (P) or 17 beta-estradiol (E2). The steroids were added alone or in combination with the PG synthetase blockers, indomethacin or 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid. Following incubation with 3H-proline for 2-4 h, the incorporated radioactivity was determined. PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha had no effect on 3H-proline incorporation. Both P and E2 induced a significant decrease of 3H-proline incorporation in preovulatory follicles, whereas similar effects in unripe follicles were statistically significant only for P. The steroid effects were not influenced when blockers of PG synthesis were added concomitantly. It is concluded that among the "classical" PGs PGE2 has a unique effect on collagen metabolism in the human follicular wall. E2 and especially P have a similar inhibitory effect on collagen formation as reflected by measurements of 3H-proline incorporation, an effect which does not appear to be primarily mediated by endogenous PGs. PMID- 3481631 TI - Calcium transport, blood pressure regulation and treatment of hypertension. Satellite symposium of the Third European Meeting on Hypertension. 12 June 1987, Milan, Italy. PMID- 3481632 TI - Nifedipine, diuretics and sodium balance. AB - There is controversy about the antihypertensive effect of thiazide diuretics in patients already being treated with nifedipine. Studies that we have conducted suggest that the antihypertensive effect of the thiazide may be blunted in the presence of nifedipine. One possible explanation for this blunted response is that nifedipine has a long-term effect on sodium balance. In a study where long term nifedipine was withdrawn from hypertensive patients there was evidence that withdrawal of nifedipine was accompanied by sodium retention, as judged by changes in urinary sodium excretion. If these results are confirmed in larger studies, they have important therapeutic implications for the use of nifedipine. PMID- 3481630 TI - Proteinase induced demyelination. An electrophysiological and histological study. AB - The physiological and histological changes following injection of 10 microliter of proteinase K into the rat tibial nerve have been compared with those induced by proteinase K and specific inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) and also by rabbit experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) serum. Proteinase K and PMSF produced no significant change. Proteinase K alone resulted in progressive conduction block which was complete by about 8 h, and a slowing of motor conduction across the injection site. These changes were very similar to those induced by EAN serum. Histological examination showed early intramyelinic oedema and swelling of Schwann cell cytoplasm, followed by vesicular degeneration of myelin and removal by macrophages. At day 6 the demyelination was most prominent in a perivascular distribution. These changes share many similar features to those seen in EAN and are consistent with the postulate that the final common pathway for myelin destruction in the demyelinating diseases involves proteinases released by macrophages. PMID- 3481633 TI - Calcium antagonism and protection of tissues from calcium damage. AB - Calcium antagonism of nifedipine, nitrendipine or nisoldipine prevented salt induced hypertension, renovascular damage and mortality in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats. The calcium agonist BAY K 8644 accelerated the development of salt induced hypertension in S rats. In some S rats on a low-salt diet BAY K 8644 induced renovascular damage without sustained hypertension. In stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) on a normal diet the natural appearance of stroke was correlated with an increased calcium content in brain and kidney tissue. Nimodipine prevented stroke and the increase in brain calcium content without affecting the high blood pressure. A similar protective effect without substantial influence on high blood pressure was achieved by bilateral parathyroidectomy. Hypertension-associated vascular damage does not necessarily depend on the systemic intravascular pressure. In malignant hypertension the deleterious calcium overload in tissues may be activated or inhibited independently of the regulation of arterial blood pressure. PMID- 3481634 TI - Calcium antagonists and neural control of circulation in essential hypertension. AB - Data from animals and from man suggest that calcium antagonists interfere with alpha-adrenergic receptors and that this mechanism may be responsible for some of the vasodilation induced by these drugs. However, alpha-adrenergic receptors play a primary role in baroreceptor regulation of the cardiovascular system and blood pressure homeostasis, which might therefore be adversely affected by calcium antagonist treatment. We addressed this question in 14 essential hypertensives studied before treatment, 1 h after 20 mg oral nitrendipine and 5-7 days after daily administration of 20 mg oral nitrendipine. Blood pressure was measured by an intra-arterial catheter, heart rate by an electrocardiogram, cardiac output by thermodilution and forearm blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography. Total peripheral and forearm vascular resistances were calculated by dividing mean blood pressure by blood flow values. Plasma norepinephrine was also measured (high performance liquid chromatography) in blood taken from the right atrium. Compared with the pretreatment values, acute nitrendipine administration caused a fall in resting blood pressure, an increase in the resting heart rate and cardiac output, and a fall in resting peripheral and forearm vascular resistance. The resting hypotension and vasodilation were also evident during the prolonged nitrendipine administration, which was, however, accompanied by much less resting cardiac stimulation than that observed in the acute condition. Baroreceptor control of the heart rate (vasoactive drug method) was similar before and after acute and prolonged nitrendipine treatment. This was also the case for carotid baroreceptor control of blood pressure (neck chamber technique) and for control of forearm vascular resistance as exerted by receptors in the cardiopulmonary region (lower-body negative-pressure and passive leg-raising techniques).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3481635 TI - Effects of a low-sodium diet on antihypertensive and natriuretic responses to acute administration of nifedipine. AB - This study was designed to determine (1) whether different sodium intakes influence the acute antihypertensive effect of a single dose of nifedipine, (2) whether the combination of nifedipine and a low-sodium diet lowers blood pressure to a greater extent than administration of nifedipine alone and (3) whether a reduction in sodium intake can dissociate the antihypertensive from the natriuretic response to nifedipine. We studied 11 hypertensive patients in order to investigate the antihypertensive and natriuretic effects of a single oral dose of 10 mg nifedipine during sodium repletion (100 mmol/day sodium intake) and depletion (20 mmol/day sodium intake), with a constant potassium intake (40 mmol/day). Nifedipine significantly (P less than 0.01) lowered supine blood pressure, from 178 +/- 14/107 +/- 7 to 161 +/- 12/100 +/- 7 mmHg during sodium repletion and from 152 +/- 12/95 +/- 9 to 142 +/- 11/90 +/- 8 mmHg with sodium depletion. The natriuretic and diuretic actions of nifedipine were marked and statistically significant during sodium repletion and almost absent during sodium depletion. We conclude that (1) the acute antihypertensive effect of a single dose of nifedipine is present both in the sodium-replete and in the sodium depleted states, although during sodium depletion the nifedipine effect is somewhat reduced in extent and duration; (2) the blood pressure reached after administration of nifedipine in the sodium-depleted state is significantly lower than the values reached after nifedipine treatment in the sodium-replete state; (3) the natriuretic action of calcium antagonists is not essential to the acute antihypertensive action of these compounds. PMID- 3481636 TI - The use of calcium antagonists in patients with renal failure. AB - Calcium antagonists are now frequently used for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. Increasingly, these drugs are also given to patients with renal failure, since several studies have demonstrated that calcium antagonists lower blood pressure in patients with renal hypertension and renal insufficiency. Relevant pharmacokinetic parameters for verapamil, nitrendipine and diltiazem are not altered in renal failure. The situation is more complex in the case of nifedipine. However, studies with repeated administration have demonstrated that the calcium antagonists verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine and nitrendipine can be given in the same doses to patients with renal failure as to patients with normal renal function. PMID- 3481637 TI - 3H-spiperone binding sites in lymphocytes as possible vulnerability marker in schizophrenia. AB - The binding parameters for the dopamine antagonist 3H-spiperone to lymphocytes were investigated in nonmedicated schizophrenics (N = 43), in medicated schizophrenics (N = 25), as well as in 38 first- and second-degree relatives of schizophrenics, in a psychiatric control group (N = 27) and in normal, healthy controls (N = 40). The density of lymphocyte 3H-spiperone binding sites (Bmax) was significantly increased in all acute and chronic schizophrenic patients and in patients undergoing neuroleptic treatment for 2 weeks to several months and remained on a constant level during a drug-free remission period, suggesting that Bmax is a state independent variable. Elevated binding seems to be associated with schizophrenia; it could not be found in other psychiatric patients. In pedigree and family studies it became obvious that all relatives with one or more previous episodes of schizophrenia had similar increased binding capacity. But even in some well-state relatives elevated spiperone binding could be found, although they never had symptoms of the disease. Among these relatives of schizophrenics, there was an association between increased spiperone binding and the transmission of the disease. Although conclusive data about the precise genetic control obtainable in twin studies are still missing, we would suggest that elevated lymphocyte spiperone binding may be a marker of susceptibility to schizophrenia. PMID- 3481638 TI - [Immunohistological study of blood group antigens (Lea, Leb, X, Y) and CA19-9 (sialylated-Lea) in gastric cancers and normal gastric tissues]. PMID- 3481639 TI - [Whole-body 67Ga scintigraphy in dermatomyositis]. PMID- 3481640 TI - Na,K,Cl-cotransport system: characterization by bumetanide binding and photolabelling. PMID- 3481641 TI - [Metabolic adaptation in the fasting test in children with glycogenoses types III and IV]. PMID- 3481642 TI - Tolbutamide in vitro diminishes spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions of uterine smooth muscle from diestrous rats. AB - The in vitro spontaneous isometric-developed tension (IDT) of uterine horns obtained from diestrous rats exhibited, after 60 min of post-isolation activity, a clear decrease in magnitude, averaging 18.2 +/- 5.2%. In presence of tolbutamide, a concentration-dependent decrease of IDT, significantly greater than the spontaneous reduction (75.1 +/- 5.4%, with tolbutamide at 10(-4) M), was observed. Incubation with propranolol (10(-6) M) or with sotalol (10(-4) M) failed to alter the negative inotropism evoked by tolbutamide. On the other hand, the sulfonylurea (10(-4) M) shifted most points of the dose-response curve to the right for the contractile stimulation elicited by oxytocin, an influence not altered by the simultaneous presence of propranolol or sotalol. Tolbutamide failed to influence the negative inotropic dose-response curve for isoproterenol and did not modify the decrease in contractions evoked by theophylline (10(-4) M). It was also found that tolbutamide was devoid of action on the basal release of prostaglandin E2 from uterine strips and on the positive inotropic dose response curve for added PGE2 or PGF2 alpha, constructed in presence of indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) M). The present findings do not permit a simple explanation regarding possible factors underlying the negative uterine inotropic influence of tolbutamide in the rat uterus. However, it appears that alterations in the integrity of tissue excitability and contractile apparatus, adrenergic implications, changes in uterine cAMP levels, inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase or low PEG2 synthesis and release, are not plausible mechanisms to explain the negative inotropism of tolbutamide. Therefore, it is suggested that the contractile depression evoked by tolbutamide and its action on the contractile effect of oxytocin might be linked to the impaired synthesis of other prostanoids, namely PGF2 alpha, PGI2 or PGD2, although the participation of not yet determined factor(s), namely changes in Ca2+ ion movements, cannot be discarded. PMID- 3481643 TI - [Epirubicin: an anthracycline of minor cardiotoxicity]. PMID- 3481644 TI - [Retinoids and vitamin A in the treatment of malignant diseases with a report of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3481645 TI - Mesoderm-inducing factors. Their possible relationship to heparin-binding growth factors and transforming growth factor-beta. PMID- 3481646 TI - Tumor imaging with [111In]mono-DTPA-ethyleneglycol-Ga-deuteroporphyrin. PMID- 3481647 TI - [CEA and CA 19.9: an evaluation by new statistical technics on a group of elderly patients]. AB - New parametric and non parametric statistical methods have been compared in the evaluation of experimental data of CEA and CA 19.9 using a brief program in BASIC. We have found that the distribution of the two markers is the same of that described in literature except for both the means that we have found being slightly higher than that ones described by other authors. PMID- 3481648 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricular function in patients with chronic pneumopathies: a long-term study. PMID- 3481649 TI - Giant cell tumors treated by curettage. PMID- 3481650 TI - The differences in thermal stability of multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the rat brain. PMID- 3481652 TI - Relation of noninvasive mechanocardiographic examination to the ejection fraction in coronary artery disease. PMID- 3481651 TI - Anticholinergic action of cholinesterase reactivator methoxime (bis-/4 hydroxyaminomethylpyridinium/-methane dichloride). PMID- 3481654 TI - The effect of pretreatment with ketazon on the inflammatory changes in lung and concentration of corticosterone in serum of rats after nitrogen dioxide inhalation. PMID- 3481653 TI - The influence of tissue blood perfusion and the size of tumor on the temperature courses in local hyperthermia. PMID- 3481655 TI - Classification principles and genetics of chronic gastritis. AB - Two family samples, (i) a sample considered to represent the population at large (431 subjects) and (ii) a sample of first-degree relatives of index subjects (IS) with overt pernicious anaemia (183 subjects) were analyzed in order to evaluate the onset and course of chronic gastritis (CG) and the pathogenetic factors involved with special reference to the effects of genetic variation. The analysis was based on data obtained from two generations: first generation (sibs of the IS) and second (children of the IS). Formulae derived from Poisson process were used for age-correction of the gastritic changes. Otherwise, conventional statistical methods were used in the genetic analysis and the calculation of prevalences of CG. This approach enabled us to achieve a classification of gastritis into more specific subgroups and to evaluate the natural course of the disease. The progression of gastritis in the second generation (children; mean age 35 years) was roughly similar in antrum and body, indicating that gastritis starts as a diffuse process affecting both areas of the stomach to a rather similar degree. The start of CG and its progression is at least to some degree influenced by genetic factors and probably regulated by the male sex. Thus nearly all children of male IS's with a non-atrophic mucosa (normal mucosa or superficial gastritis) showed a normal mucosa suggesting the existence of a particular sex-bound, genetic mechanisms. These mechanisms may prevent or delay the progression of gastritis up to middle age, when a change in dynamics occurs leading to formation of more specific subtypes of CG. In the first generation (mean age 60 years) CG dispersed into more specific subtypes (corresponding to types A and B of Strickland and McKay and type AB of Glass) and to more advanced stages, which were connected with a higher than expected prevalence of advanced stages also in the relatives. The families of IS's with type A atrophic gastritis (AG) (severe AG in the body but no AG in antrum), type B (AG in antrum but no AG in body) and type AB AG (AG in both antrum and body) showed typical dynamic patterns of the age-specific prevalences of AG. Genetic calculations showed that the type A of AG found in pernicious anaemia patients and their relatives is inherited by a simple dominant gene, while this type of inheritance is statistically unlikely in the type B of AG. The type B, on the other hand, exhibited characteristics that indicate a recessive Mendelian inheritance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3481656 TI - Clinical evaluation of intra-alveolar transplantation of teeth with cervical root fractures. AB - Transverse and oblique intra-alveolar fractures constitute a major therapeutic problem, particularly in young dentitions. Very few treatment alternatives apart from extraction have been available. This report is a clinical and roentgenological evaluation of a series of intra-alveolar transplantations which were carried out on 56 teeth with complicated crown-root fractures. The patients ranged in age from 9-33 years and were observed over a period of 4 years. Of the 8 teeth which had to be extracted due to further traumatic/prosthetic complications, 7 were retained for histologic examination. All teeth exhibited successful healing without ankylosis. In 12 per cent of the cases, unhealed resorptions could be observed within the apical area. Two to nine weeks post operatively, endodontic and/or prosthetic treatment could be carried out, after which the teeth have continued to function well in terms of both aesthetics and performance. No negative effects in the adjacent teeth have been observed. Cases with multiple crown-root fractures and one case with internal resorption have been described. The intra-alveolar transplantation technique provides not only an alternative method of treatment, but also an opportunity for deep root injuries to be diagnosed. PMID- 3481658 TI - [Clinical importance of the determination of intestinal dipeptidase and enterokinase activity in patients with chronic enteritis]. AB - The activity of enterokinase and some dipeptidases (glycylalanine, glycylleucine, glycylvaline and glycylglycine) was studied in the intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens of 52 patients with chronic enteritis. Hydroxyproline excretion in the urine was defined before and after gelatin tolerance testing which showed a decrease in hydrolysis and protein absorption in the small intestine in chronic enteritis. A decrease in the level of dipeptidases and enterokinase involved in membranous digestion was noted whereas the level of glycylglycine acting intracellularly was practically unchanged. A decrease in the enzymatic activity correlated with a degree of gravity of disease and a degree of change in a morphological picture of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3481657 TI - Fluorine uptake in bovine enamel from various treatment agents. AB - Bovine tooth enamel with a low and uniform fluorine content was used for the study of fluorine uptake by the Micro-Acid-Drop enamel biopsy technique from different treatment agents commonly used in Sweden. The fluorine concentration in the enamel was also measured after an exposure of the treated test surfaces in artificial saliva for 90 minutes. Sodium fluoride 0.2% and 2%, ferric aluminum fluoride solution and Duraphat varnish showed a high uptake of fluorine in the enamel with the highest concentration in the surface layer. Fluor Protector and the toothpastes showed a considerably lower fluorine uptake. After immersion in artificial saliva of the specimens, the concentration of fluorine in the enamel decreased. PMID- 3481659 TI - [Pharmacology of d'-azidothymidine, a clinically active antiretroviral agent against AIDS]. PMID- 3481660 TI - Time courses of the antithrombotic effects, bleeding enhancing effects and interactions with factors Xa and thrombin after administration of low molecular weight heparinoid Org 10172 or heparin to rats. AB - Time response curves of the anti-thrombotic effects, bleeding enhancing effects, effects on APTT, anti-Xa activities, anti-thrombin activities and thrombin generation inhibitory activities of the low molecular weight heparinoid Org 10172 and heparin have been compared in rats. The time courses of these effects were similar for heparin but quite different for Org 10172. Org 10172 induced anti thrombotic and anti-Xa effects which lasted approximately 3 times longer than those at the same anti-Xa doses of heparin, whereas the bleeding enhancing effects and effects on APTT of Org 10172 were of shorter duration than those of heparin. The half-life of the anti-thrombin effect after Org 10172 seemed somewhat longer than after heparin administration. Thrombin generation inhibition by Org 10172 showed a slightly longer duration than by heparin. The similarities between the time courses of the anti-thrombotic effect and the anti-Xa activity after Org 10172 administration suggest that the most appropriate parameter to monitor Org 10172 treatment is the plasma anti-Xa level. PMID- 3481661 TI - Extended-wear contact lenses: effects on the cornea. PMID- 3481663 TI - Derivation of recombinant inbred lines of the paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis. AB - The development of recombinant inbred strains of paradise fish from a single F1 hybrid female by a combination of gynogenetic propagation and sib-mating is described. The change of inbreeding coefficient was estimated from known recombination frequencies of five marker genes. PMID- 3481662 TI - [Comparative coagulation studies in induced therapeutic abortions with prostaglandin]. AB - Therapeutic abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy have been done in ten primigravidae using PGF2 alpha, 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha, or Sulprostone. Bleeding and recalcification time, platelet count, fibrin, platelet adhesiveness, partial thromboplastin time and thromboplastin time were examined before, during and after treatment. We found a decrease of platelet count and a prolongation of bleeding and recalcification time. There was no intensive-influence on coagulation system by the prostaglandin used. Therefore prostaglandins may be used for therapeutic abortion. PMID- 3481665 TI - Preventive psychiatry--methods and experiences. Proceedings of a symposium. Oslo, Norway, August 19-20, 1985. PMID- 3481664 TI - New serum esterase variants and their inheritance in the paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis. PMID- 3481666 TI - Community work as part of the psychiatric services of Nacka. AB - In psychiatry we often meet people presenting psychiatric symptoms rooted in social or psycho-social problems. Traditional treatment methods often fail, leading to a sense of failure in the therapist and an experience of being misunderstood or being "a hopeless case" in the patient. There is a need for developing new methods for problems belonging to the "grey zone", that is the area bordering on or covered by the three major care systems in our society: the social welfare, the primary care system and psychiatry. These methods should necessarily take into account the specific needs expressed in the symptoms and guarantee a more holistic perspective of the patient and his situation. The author gives some practical examples of work with immigrant women, an Information Bureau and a Cafe especially intended for chronically ill psychiatric patients. PMID- 3481667 TI - Community development and preventive work. AB - The theoretical frame of reference in connection with prevention, some theoretical approaches, and the practical consequences of giving priority to prevention are discussed. The following points are stressed: that one must expand the theoretical frame of reference of prevention to include theory on local community, social networks and concepts of mutuality and self-supporting processes that preventive work is most efficient when it is developed in the form of fruitful interaction between primary intervention and selective intervention that giving priority to preventive work rather than implementing continuous expansion of institutions and fields of administration involves changes in the ones that already exist. PMID- 3481668 TI - Social network stimulation. Health promotion in a high risk group of middle-aged women. AB - The article focuses on presenting methods developed in a network stimulation program among a high-risk group of middle-aged women living in Oslo, Norway. The aim of the program was to initiate in the women a process of getting acquainted, and even making friends, - and thus establishing new self-sustaining social networks. In the long run we believed such new relations would increase the quality of life and improve the overall mental health of the participants. During the program period of one year different groups and social activities were established in the neighborhood. Out of 50 women in the experimental group, 26 became active participants. Evaluation of the process was made at certain stages during the entire program. After one year of group participation, the progress of the experimental group (n = 50) was compared to that of the control group (n = 50). The results show that the women participating in the intervention program have improved their social networks and increased their quality of life and self esteem compared to the control group. As to mental symptoms, it seems that their change depends on the degree of activity in the groups: the most active participants make friends, improve their existing networks, increase quality of life, and improve mental status. The passive participants, on the contrary, do not seem to have profited from the program so far. The full effect of the program will be evaluated in a later follow-up. PMID- 3481670 TI - Treatment and prevention of alcohol and drug abuse: coordination of professional services. AB - A need assessment evaluation among primary health and social professionals in two municipalities in Norway revealed that treatment services for alcohol and drug abuse were not satisfactorily coordinated. Conferences, work shops and consultation on a regular basis over a three year period increased the level of competence of the local health and social professionals and the coordination of treatment service in the two municipalities. Re-hospitalization of clients was significantly reduced and more clients received treatment and follow-up by local agencies. Impediments to an even better coordination of services wer conflicting ideologies concerning abuse and dependency, lack of simple and standardized assessment methods and the lack of time in the primary health and social system. PMID- 3481669 TI - Self-help groups in West Germany. Developments of the last decade. AB - The paper reports on the discussions currently going on in West Germany-and in some neighbouring countries - on self-help groups, on their political and social background, on attempts to define them, and on theoretical considerations and practical experiences, especially with a model of cooperation which for some years has been tried out at the Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy in the University of Giessen. The Clinic has a psychoanalytical orientation and has a strong tradition in group psychotherapy, family therapy and social therapy. PMID- 3481671 TI - A strategy for preventive psychosocial action in work settings. AB - An action research strategy for approaching psychosocial problems at work is described. It is based on the Norwegian Environment Act and uses broad participation, networks of supporting organizational units and a common arena, usually a work conference, as its main ingredients. By broad participation is meant organizational settings including workers and management, where discussions promote testing out of peoples theories towards a commonly agreed upon understanding of causal relations and remedies. It may be arranged several times in order to report and test different solutions tried out by the parties between sessions. It involves little or no outside expertise, only skill in designing the conference. It differs therefore from the-one-by one patient approach common to physicians, and uses the organization as its unit of intervention. PMID- 3481672 TI - Prevention in child psychiatry. AB - Prevention in child psychiatry may be divided into two different areas: Promotion of mental health and prevention of psychiatric illness. In promotion of mental health the target is the total population and one has to deal with values within the sociocultural frame of reference. Research pilot projects have been carried out by the establishment of different parents groups. The intention of this group work has been of a cultural--not an educational--nature. We have tried to create a replica of the lost possibility of cultural transference of skills and norms in caring and upbringing. In prevention of psychiatric illness the work must be based on epidemiology and the risk groups are the specific target. Research projects in prevention have been rather limited, but we may draw two conclusions: To identify the risk children has not been the problem--the interventions must be rather comprehensive for counteracting the risk factors, rendering them harmless. PMID- 3481673 TI - Searching for prevention. AB - The pitfalls of prevention are how we commonly think of high-risk groups, multideterminate causation, social change, community psychiatry and mental health. All of these pitfalls stem from a common trap in our thinking about living in terms of a cleavage between normality and abnormality. An alternative view of effective living is presented called The Vital Process. Vitality is seen as the key to prevention. Vitality emerges out of the challenge of facing our inner desperation. Living is making vitality out of desperation. We turn craziness into creativity, rage into courage, panic into initiative, violence into dynamism, hopelessness into achievement and self waste into self fulfillment. When we refuse to face our inner desperation we are at risk for its overwhelming us. Psychiatric diagnoses make this worse. They describe static pictures assumed to be abnormalities foreign to normal people. They make us more fearful and more blocked. The key to effecting prevention is making this idea of vitality central to our work roles. Doing this should replace the bureaucratic in our social institutions with a vital energy. The place for a vital psychiatry should be working directly in such social institutions and sharing responsibility for them. The path for changing these institutions is through leadership imbued with vitality. This in the end resolves into an issue of political leadership. The gain to be derived from such a rethinking of society is a greatly more effective mobilization of our human creativity resources. This is identical with preventing the psychiatric. PMID- 3481674 TI - Primary prevention of psychiatric disorders. AB - After a general discussion of factors involved in primary prevention of mental disorders, a case is described where community intervention aiming at reversing a process of social disintegration seemed to reduce the prevalence of anxiety and depression. Further experience with community development as an activity integrated into the functioning of a mental health centre is described. It was possible to encourage the growth of social networks that in turn led to several sustained organizations for self help and mutual aid. Even if this is promising from a preventive point of view, the effect upon mental health is not known. Repeated epidemiological studies in the area show a very stable prevalence level over time with high degree of chronicity and few new cases. This means that change in prevalence over a limited period of time only to a very small degree can be caused by primary prevention. PMID- 3481675 TI - [Craniofacial melorheostosis]. PMID- 3481676 TI - [Cervical adenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria]. PMID- 3481677 TI - Determination of isoelectric point value of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase by isoelectric focusing using ribonuclease A-glutathione mixed disulfides as standards. AB - The pI value of rat erythrocyte 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.2) was determined to be 5.9 at 10 degrees C by isoelectric focusing in a horizontal slab polyacrylamide gel containing 2% carrier ampholyte (pH 3-10). In this study, ribonuclease A-glutathione mixed disulfides (RNase-SG's) (T. Ubuka et al. (1986) J. Chromatogr., 363, 431-437) were used as pI standards. A mixture of RNase-SG was prepared by reducing bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase) with dithiothreitol and then treating the reduced RNase with oxidized glutathione. The mixture was composed of eight species which contained 1 (RNase-SG1) to 8 (RNase SG8) mol of glutathione per mole of RNase, and the pI values of these species were determined under conditions minimizing the effect of carbon dioxide. The newly determined pI values of RNase-SG1 through RNase-SG8 were 8.8, 8.2, 7.7, 7.3, 6.9, 6.4, 5.8, and 5.3, respectively. The average change in pI values of these disulfides was 0.50 pH unit per mole of the bound glutathione per mole of RNase. The RNase-SG mixture was stable in acidic solutions and could be stored at 4 degrees C as well as at -20 degrees C with little change for at least 1 year. Thus, the mixture is shown to be an excellent standard for the determination of pI values of proteins by isoelectric focusing in the wide range of pI value. PMID- 3481678 TI - Genetic differentiation associated with gait within American standardbred horses. AB - American Standardbred horses are divided into two groups based upon gait: the trot and the pace. The tendency to trot (diagonally opposite legs moving forward together) or pace (the two legs on the same side of the body moving forward together) appears to be genetically determined, although no formal genetic analysis has been undertaken. There is nearly complete assortative mating for gait; however, about 20% of the offspring sired by trotters are registered as pacers, while fewer than 1% of those sired by pacers are registered as trotters. Electrophoretically detectable genic variation at 13 protein loci has been analysed for 371 trotters and 856 pacers, and 10 blood group loci have been examined for 600 trotters and 1227 pacers. Trotters and pacers shared common alleles at 20 of the 23 loci; however, there were significant differences in allele frequencies at 21 of the 23 loci. Highly significant fixation indices (FSTS) were observed for 17 of the loci. The extent of genetic difference between Standardbred trotters and pacers was as great as or greater than that seen between some distinct horse breeds. PMID- 3481679 TI - [Halogenated inhalation anesthesia with a semiclosed circle system]. AB - Thirty-six patients were anaesthetized for a maxillofacial surgical procedure. Ventilation was controlled by a ventilator (Kontron ABT 4100) with a semi-closed circle system. The flow of fresh gases was 1,200 ml.min-1. The vaporizer for the halogenated anaesthetic agent was placed out of the circle before the ventilator. Halothane was used for maintenance of anaesthesia and isoflurane for induced hypotension in orthognathic surgery. The inspired concentration of the halogenated agent was monitored by an analyser. A linear correlation between the delivered and the inhaled concentration of halogenated agent was established, the latter never reaching the delivered concentration. Monitoring the inspired oxygen concentration was required, so as to maintain a constant value. Carbon dioxide absorption by soda lime was also studied. The known advantages were: substantial economies in nitrous oxide and halogenated agents, prevention of contamination of the operating theatre, humidification and warning of the inspired gases. The use of such a system with the vaporizer out of the circle was safe, all the more so as the concentration of inhaled halogenated agents could be predicted. PMID- 3481680 TI - Very close linkage between D2S1 and ACP1 on chromosome 2p. AB - The genomic DNA-probe L2.30 was used to assign D2S1 to 2p23-pter by in situ hybridization. The RFLP revealed by BglII was then used for linkage studies in the Oslo-NHIK families segregating for the acid phosphatase ACP1 protein polymorphism. Evidence for very close linkage was found by a lod score of +17.17 at recombination fraction theta = 0.01. By this close linkage 92 informative meioses could be inferred from the families and with only a single crossover. The upper probability limit to the recombination fraction is 0.06 according to the HGM 8 criterion. No association between ACP1 alleles and D2S1 BglII alleles was found. The Norwegian gene frequencies for D2S1 were A1 (9.0 kb) = 0.65 and A2 (6.3 kb) = 0.35. PMID- 3481682 TI - Comparative redox activities of anthracyclines by microsomes from P388 cells and rat liver. AB - In comparative tests of the capabilities of various analogs of doxorubicin and daunorubicin to augment oxygen consumption in microsome preparations from P388 mouse leukemia cells and from rat liver cells, we found statistically significant positive correlations between the Km values for microsomes from the two sources for parent compounds and analogs containing morpholinyl, cyanomorpholinyl- or imino-substitutions. Km values ranged from 0.015 to 1.3 mM, or about 90-fold for all analogs tested. Thus, rat liver microsomes are predictive for this characteristic in P388 microsomes. Examinations of the relationships between Km values from either source and ED50 values for cytotoxicity of the compounds against the P-388 cells also showed statistically significant positive correlations. However, the ED50 values encompassed a range from 0.00020 to 0.22 microM, or about 1000-fold. Therefore, additional mechanism(s) of action besides toxic oxygen radical formation must explain the extremely high cytotoxicity of the cyanomorpholinyl anthracyclines compared with their parent drugs. PMID- 3481681 TI - Antitumor activity of polysaccharide fractions from pine cone extract of Pinus parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. AB - Hot water extract of pine cone (PCE) of Pinus parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. dose dependently suppressed both solid and ascites tumor cells transplanted into various mice. Acidic polysaccharides of PCE significantly increased the survival time of mice bearing ascites tumor cells, and activity increased with acidity. One of the four polysaccharide fractions obtained by NaOH extraction showed the most potent antitumor activity. This fraction significantly suppressed the growth of solid tumor cells, with occasional tumor regression and necrosis, and with little or no cytocidal effect on cultured tumor cells. All acidic polysaccharides were able to activate mouse macrophage-like cell line J774.1. There did not appear to be any correlation between the antitumor activity of these polysaccharides and their content of arabinose (or fucose), mannose, galactose, glucose, or uronic acid. PMID- 3481683 TI - The in vitro effect of epirubicin on human normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells. AB - Epirubicin, at concentrations ranging between 10(-7) and 10(-13) M, was assayed in semisolid cultures of human normal hemopoietic cells and in liquid cultures of 5 different human leukemic cell lines. The growth of all normal hemopoietic progenitor cells was inhibited by the higher drug concentrations; at the lowest concentration, only CFU-E and 7th-day CFU-GM were not inhibited. On the other hand, leukemic cells were sensible only to the higher concentration of epirubicin, which, nevertheless, was not fully inhibitory. Leukemic cell differentiation was not promoted by the drug, as evidenced by a panel of monoclonal antibodies, by cytochemistry and by functional tests. These results suggest a marked in vitro myelotoxicity of epirubicin, that does not appear to be compensated by a powerful control of leukemic cell proliferation. PMID- 3481684 TI - Methylthiopropylamine, a potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase and its antiproliferative effect on human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. AB - The catalytic activity of spermidine synthase isolated from rat ventral prostate was significantly inhibited by methylthiopropylamine (MTPA). Spermine synthase was almost insensitive to this inhibitor. Inhibition of spermidine synthase by MTPA was competitive with respect to a substrate putrescine (Ki, 3.3 = 10(-7) M), but not competitive with another substrate decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dec AdoMet). MTPA inhibited the growth of human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells. The spermidine content in the inhibitor-treated cells was dose-dependently depressed, whereas the putrescine content was increased concomitantly. In these spermidine depleted and growth retarded Molt 4B cells, the synthesis of protein, but not of DNA or RNA, was found to be significantly diminished. PMID- 3481685 TI - Expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in bone marrow macrophages. AB - Bone marrow macrophages were found to express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) under pathological conditions. In chronic granulocytic leukemia and metastatic carcinoma in the bone marrow this phenomenon was striking, all or almost all of the marrow macrophages being reactive. In other conditions, such as hypertransfusion or chemotherapy-induced marrow aplasia, the phenomenon did occur but was clearly a minor one. These observations indicate that tissue macrophages may become TRAP positive under the effect of unknown stimuli operating in certain pathological conditions. The results further suggest that the synthesis of the isoenzyme of acid phosphatase resistant to tartrate inhibition is a marker of macrophage activation rather than of differentiation towards particular subsets of the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 3481687 TI - [Differential diagnosis of TMJ dysfunctions]. PMID- 3481688 TI - [Preprosthetic periodontal surgery of edentulous ridges]. PMID- 3481686 TI - Follicular fluid stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in vitro. AB - Follicular fluid from porcine antral follicles stimulates progesterone secretion by porcine granulosa cells from small antral follicles in vitro. Fluid from large (6-12 mm) follicles has more stimulatory activity than fluid from smaller follicles. In this study, we have examined the action of charcoal-treated and filtered follicular fluid on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (3 beta HSD) and the ability of exogenous pregnenolone to increase progesterone secretion. Granulosa cells cultured with 30% follicular fluid in TC 199 (v/v) for 3 days were less dependent on the presence of exogenous pregnenolone to enhance their progesterone secretion and exhibited more 3 beta-HSD activity than control cells incubated in 30% serum in TC 199. The apparent Vmax of 3 beta-HSD was increased 80% in follicular fluid-treated cells over that observed in controls (4.8 vs. 2.6 nM/min/100 mg protein) whereas the apparent Kms for 3 beta-HSD were similar (1.3 +/- 0.34 microM) in both experimental and control cells. PMID- 3481690 TI - Conduction disturbances associated with mitral anular calcification. AB - To investigate the apparent association of mitral anular calcification (MAC) and electrocardiographic abnormalities, the relation between the location of two dimensional (2D) echoquantified MAC and conduction disturbances was studied in 140 patients with MAC (MAC group) and 135 age- and sex-matched patients without MAC (control group). The MAC group was subclassified regarding the site and severity of calcium in the mitral anulus. The site of MAC was defined as Type I of MAC near the conduction system and Type II of MAC away from the conduction system. The severity of MAC was graded on 2D echocardiography as mild (localized within 1 segment) and moderate to severe (more than 1 segment). Seven patients with MAC, and only one control subject, had pacemakers in place. Conduction disturbances were present in 44 (31%) of 140 patients with MAC and in 37 (27%) of the 135 control patients (no significant difference). But there were more conduction disturbances in the patients with Type 1 MAC (53%) than in those with Type II MAC (26%) (p less than 0.01). Specifically, complete left bundle branch block and intraventricular conduction delay were more prevalent when MAC was near the conduction system. Intraventricular conduction delay also was more prevalent in the patients with Type I MAC than in the control group (Type I: 12% vs control: 4%; p less than 0.05). These data suggest that moderate to severe degrees of MAC located near the conduction system are associated with conduction disturbances, especially intraventricular conduction delay. PMID- 3481689 TI - [The effect of plasmanyl-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine on the growth of rectal carcinoma xenotransplants in athymic nu/nu mice]. PMID- 3481691 TI - Surgical treatment of incompetent cervix during pregnancy by Saito modification of Shirodkar operation. AB - The Shirodkar operation for the treatment of cervical incompetency during pregnancy was modified by Motoi Saito of our department and has been adopted since 1974. This paper describes the operative techniques of the procedure and reviews the results of 34 cases treated by the modification during the last 10 years. The rate of success was 76.5% for the post-operative delivery after completing 37 weeks of gestation, and, if the 17.6% of the viable premature births were included, the fetal salvage rate by the procedure was 94.1%. The Saito modification procedure provides easy identification of the cervical cerclage ligature and facilitates the complete removal of the suture before or during labor. The 10-year results suggest that the procedure was as effective as the original Shirodkar operation for the prevention of premature birth and fetal loss due to incompetent cervix during pregnancy. PMID- 3481692 TI - Ofloxacin pharmacokinetics in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin (OFX) was studied in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) carrying out three exchanges per day. In 11 patients given 300 mg of OFX orally, serum OFX concentration peaked at 2.44 mg/l 3.7 hours after administration and the mean elimination half-life of OFX was 25 hours. OFX concentrations in peritoneal fluid underwent cyclical changes with each change of solutions, reaching beyond 0.5 mg/l after 2 hours of equilibration. There was a highly significant correlation between corresponding serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of OFX after an 8 h equilibration (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). In 5 patients given a 400 mg loading dose followed by 200 mg of OFX per day for 7 days, trough serum OFX concentrations ranged from 1.35 to 7.00 mg/l and no adverse effects were noticed. CAPD per exchange removed less than 2% of the total dose of OFX given. PMID- 3481693 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum and myelodysplasia. AB - Pyoderma gangrenosum has been recognized occurring in association with acute and chronic leukaemia. More recently it has been described in patients with myelodysplasia (Jacobs, Palmer & Gordon-Smith 1985). We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with a preceding history of myelodysplasia, illustrating the problem of controlling the skin disease in this condition and the eventual transformation of the myelodysplasia into acute leukaemia. Treatment of the leukaemia resulted in improvement of the skin lesions. PMID- 3481695 TI - [A family with glycogen storage disease]. PMID- 3481694 TI - [Preliminary study on detecting the CA 125 value in endometrial washings]. PMID- 3481696 TI - [Viral hepatitis and HLA]. PMID- 3481697 TI - Human gene mapping. AB - It is now possible to map the human genome completely with a set of closely linked markers. Over 500 coding genes have been cloned and localized, as have approximately 2000 anonymous DNA fragments, most of which recognize two-allele polymorphisms that are caused by single base changes which alter the recognition site for a restriction enzyme (restriction fragment length polymorphisms). Most human chromosomes have been mapped, with markers in defined order placed approximately 10 map units apart. Chromosomes X and 21 are particularly well mapped, with over 200 probes ordered on X. The strategy during the next few years will encompass moving from a linkage map to a set of overlapping cosmid or phage clones, and finally to a complete sequence of regions of chromosomes and entire chromosomes. A complete sequence of the human genome should transform our understanding of development, the control of gene expression, and the parameters of genetic disease. PMID- 3481698 TI - Correlation between lowered PgE2 levels and alkaline reflux gastritis in patients subjected to Billroth II. Pylorogastrectomy: possible improvement with sulglycotide. AB - In patients subjected to pylorogastrectomy with anterior gastroenterostomy (Billroth's operation II) the remaining gastric mucosa is exposed to the damaging action of bile with consequent reduction of locally generated prostaglandins. The purpose of the present study was to explore the correlation between PgE2 levels in such postgastrectomy patients before and after treatment with sulglycotide. Twelve patients with clinical, endoscopic and histological evidence of alkaline reflux gastritis were treated with sulglycotide in daily doses of 1600 mg for 30 days. At termination there was a definite clinical, endoscopic and histological improvement with significant (p less than 0.001) increase of PgE2 levels. PMID- 3481700 TI - Environmental issues in dentistry: reflections on the practice of dentistry in the 21st century. PMID- 3481701 TI - Correlates of interest in dental health education with older adults: future perspective and quality of clinical interaction. PMID- 3481699 TI - Enzymatic sulfation of mucin in gastric mucosa: effect of sofalcone, sucralfate and aspirin. AB - A sulfotransferase activity which catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to gastric mucus glycoprotein has been demonstrated in the rat gastric mucosa. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that the enzyme activity was present in a Golgi-rich membrane fraction. Optimum enzymatic activity for sulfation of mucus glycoprotein was obtained with 0.5% Triton X-100 and 30 mM NaF at a pH of 6.8. The apparent Km of the enzyme for gastric mucus glycoprotein was 10.5 microM, and the sulfate ester was found incorporated into the carbohydrate chains of mucin. The sulfo-transferase activity of the Golgi enzyme was stimulated by sofalcone, while reduction in the rate of sulfation occurred in the presence of sucralfate and aspirin. The rate of enhancement of mucin sulfation by sofalcone was proportional to the drug concentration up to 5 X 10(-7) M, at which concentration a 17% increase in the glycoprotein sulfation was attained. The rate of inhibition of mucin sulfation was proportional to concentrations of aspirin up to 3 X 10(-4) M and of sucralfate up to 1 X 10(-4) M, at which concentrations about 50% reduction in sulfotransferase activity was obtained. The apparent KI values calculated from the double-reciprocal plots were 15.1 microM for aspirin and 19.6 microM for sucralfate. The results suggest that although both sucralfate and sofalcone are potent gastric mucosal strengthening agents, only sofalcone is capable of enhancement of the sulfotransferase enzyme involved in gastric mucin sulfation. PMID- 3481702 TI - Histologic diagnoses of oral lesions in geriatric dental patients: a survey of biopsied lesions. PMID- 3481703 TI - Recruitment of a representative elderly population by random digit dialing. PMID- 3481704 TI - Cementum fluoride uptake from topical fluoride agents. PMID- 3481705 TI - Status of prosthetic appliance in an elderly population and its relation to gender, education and patient satisfaction. PMID- 3481707 TI - Histopathological and scanning electron microscopical evaluation of endodontic endosseous implants in an aged patient. PMID- 3481706 TI - The search for an indicator of need for denture replacement in an edentulous elderly population. PMID- 3481708 TI - Root caries: physical, medical and psychosocial correlates in an elderly population. PMID- 3481709 TI - The radiologic evaluation of the geriatric patient. PMID- 3481710 TI - Considerations for using mobile dental vans to deliver dental care to the elderly. PMID- 3481711 TI - Improving dental access for the nursing home resident: portable dentistry interventions. PMID- 3481712 TI - A second look at institutional based dental care. PMID- 3481713 TI - Contextual and psychosocial issues in choice of dental service delivery modes. PMID- 3481714 TI - Clinical training for geriatric dentistry. PMID- 3481715 TI - Craniomandibular disorders: no one's responsibility? PMID- 3481716 TI - Microleakage in a hybrid amalgam-composite restoration. PMID- 3481717 TI - Reduction in bitewing radiographs for patients with no clinical signs of dental caries. PMID- 3481719 TI - Concise, accurate records are in your best interest. PMID- 3481718 TI - Simple treatment of temporomandibular pain in an adult. PMID- 3481720 TI - Risk management essential for today's dentist. PMID- 3481721 TI - Ulcerated tuberosity. PMID- 3481722 TI - Gingival enlargement secondary to nifedipine therapy. PMID- 3481723 TI - Disinfection of rubber dam and tooth surfaces before endodontic therapy. PMID- 3481724 TI - Reapplication of the periapical surgery technique. PMID- 3481726 TI - Etiology and treatment of internal and external resorption. PMID- 3481725 TI - Efficacy of GK101E solution (Caridex 100) for caries removal. PMID- 3481727 TI - Upper lip swelling. PMID- 3481728 TI - Matrix band techniques. PMID- 3481729 TI - The role of dental practice characteristics in patient satisfaction. PMID- 3481730 TI - Herpes zoster. PMID- 3481731 TI - Ameloblastoma of the anterior mandible. PMID- 3481732 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema. PMID- 3481733 TI - Electric pulp testing while wearing rubber gloves. PMID- 3481734 TI - Conventional and nonoccluding splint therapy compared for patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 3481735 TI - Management of a hard palate abscess of endodontic origin. PMID- 3481736 TI - Tobacco-induced change: mandibular vestibule. PMID- 3481737 TI - Tobacco-induced change: palate. PMID- 3481738 TI - The 6th key to facial beauty and TMJ health. PMID- 3481739 TI - Clarification. PMID- 3481740 TI - Interview clarification. PMID- 3481741 TI - Lawsuit settlement in Michigan. PMID- 3481742 TI - A comparison of dento-skeletal changes with normal growth and functional appliance treatment in identical twins. PMID- 3481743 TI - An alternative to bionator therapy. PMID- 3481744 TI - Conservative treatment of arch length deficiency. PMID- 3481746 TI - Making phase 1 appliances "diagnose" and phase 2 appliances "function" in your TMJ/functional orthopedic practice. PMID- 3481747 TI - Functional forum. PMID- 3481745 TI - An interview with AAFO's Man of the Year, 1987 Gran R. N. Bowbeer, D.D.S., M.S with Craig C. Stoner. PMID- 3481748 TI - Nonisotopic in situ hybridization for mapping oncogenic sequences. PMID- 3481749 TI - Persistence of CML despite deletion of rearranged bcr/c-abl sequences. PMID- 3481751 TI - Rearrangement of bcr and c-abl sequences in Ph-positive acute leukemias and Ph negative CML--an update. PMID- 3481750 TI - Rearrangement of the bcr gene in Philadelphia-chromosome-negative chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3481752 TI - Sensitivity of stromal elements from human bone marrow cells to cytosine arabinoside in vitro. PMID- 3481753 TI - ts-oncogene-transformed erythroleukemic cells: a novel test system for purifying and characterizing avian erythroid growth factors. PMID- 3481754 TI - Leukemia progression: role of tissue disorganization. PMID- 3481755 TI - Immune functions and hematopoietic progenitor cell activity in plasmacytoma bearing mice cured by melphalan. PMID- 3481757 TI - Transfusion-acquired HIV infection among immunocompromised hosts. AB - This survey suggests that HIV infection in immunocompromised hosts is characterized by a high attack rate, short incubation time to clinical sequelae, and WB and RIP seropositivity which may precede evidence of antibodies by ELISA by weeks or months. The functional properties of patients' serum antibodies, such as neutralizing activity against HIV in vitro, may correlate with clinical course. PMID- 3481756 TI - LAV/HTLV-III: fine-structure analysis, localization of structural proteins, and detection of envelope antigens by patient sera. PMID- 3481758 TI - Interaction of viral and cellular factors with the HTLV-III LTR target sequences in vitro. AB - The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences within the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III was determined by eukaryotic cell transfection and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay or in vitro cell-free transcription. A 160 base pair (bp) region of the LTR at position - 104 to 56 is required for trans-activation (cap site 1). A 24 bp enhancer element (EHE) capable of increasing the rate of transcription, irrespective of orientation, is located between nucleotides -105 to -80. It contains two 10 bp repeats. Three Sp1 binding sites (Sp1 III-I) are located between -78 and -45. A deletion of Sp1 III allowed for limited TATIII response while the presence of a functional enhancer restored the activity in HTLV-III infected cells. Complete loss of transcriptional activity and CAT gene expression could be attributed to the absence of EHE and Sp1 III-I at position -48. However, reinsertion of the enhancer restored accurate initiation but at a decreased level suggesting that the presence of a Sp1 binding site is not a prerequisite for the accurate initiation of transcription but is required for transcriptional activation independent of a promoter. The presence of a negative regulatory element (NRE) has been demonstrated by removal of the 5' part of U3 to position 117. Nucleotide sequences around the cap site and poly (A) site contain a trans activator response element (TRE) and could be arranged into a unique secondary structure. A deletion of four nucleotides TCTGAGCCTGGGAGCTC causes a loss of three dimer linkage sequence binding. The CAT gene enzyme expression is completely abolished but transcriptional activity remains at reduced level. PMID- 3481760 TI - Incidence of LAV/HTLV-III-positive blood donors. PMID- 3481759 TI - Improvement of HIV serodiagnosis. PMID- 3481761 TI - [The analysis of the immune response to Streptococcus mutans cell wall antigen and allo-MHC antigens in the rat]. AB - RT1 is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat, which is equivalent to H-2 of mice and HLA of human. In the present study, the role of RT1, especially class II antigens (RT1-B/D antigens) in the immune response to Streptococcus mutans cell wall antigen (SMA) and allo-MHC antigens was investigated. The results are as follows. 1) Eleven strains of inbred rats were divided into high or low responders with respect to their immune responsiveness to SMA. 2) Having examined the immune responsiveness to SMA of RT1-congenic strains, it is shown that there is a correlation between the immune responsiveness and RT1 haplotypes. 3) The low responsiveness to SMA of LEW rats was mostly mediated by MRC-OX8+ suppressor T cells. 4) By the inhibition test of allo-MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction) with monoclonal antibodies, HOK7 HOK12 and HOK33, it has been shown that RT1-B/D antigens are MLR-stimulatory molecules and that Ia+ antigen presenting cells (APC) of responder cells are necessary in the recognition of allo-MHC antigens. 5) It is suggested that there are two recognition pathways of allo-MLR. In one of them, allo-MHC antigens are directly recognized by responder T cells, in another, they are recognized by responder T cells with help of Ia+ APC. PMID- 3481762 TI - Molecular biological approaches to thyroid research. International symposium. Reisensburg, June 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3481764 TI - Thyroid hormones alter mRNA activity profiles of differentiated 3T3-L1-cells. AB - The influence of thyroid hormones on the gene expression of 3T3-L1-adipocytes was examined. mRNA activity profiles were investigated by in vitro-translation and 2D electrophoresis. Seven protein spots out of 210 were sensitive to 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3). All proteins increased from hypothyroid to hyperthyroid status. Additionally two spots increased from hypothyroid to T3-substituted and euthyroid status. There is evidence for the existence of protein S14 in differentiated 3T3-L1-cells, as part of spot 5. PMID- 3481763 TI - Evidence that the effect of triiodothyronine on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in white adipose tissue is mediated via nuclear receptors. AB - The decreased basal and catecholamine stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes from hypothyroid rats can be increased by thyroid hormone (TH) treatment. In the present study it was investigated whether this TH effect is mediated via nuclear receptors and synthesis of new proteins or via other mechanisms. Epinephrine stimulated lipolysis was measured in vitro in isolated white adipocytes. Decreased lipolysis in adipocytes from hypothyroid rats was increased to euthyroid levels when the animals received one dose of 15 micrograms triiodothyronine (T3)/100 g body weight (BW) iv 15 h before the adipocytes were prepared for the in vitro measurement of lipolysis. No effect of T3 on lipolysis could be seen when the T3 was given only 10 min. before obtaining adipose tissue for the in vitro measurements. The stimulation of lipolysis several hours after the administration of T3 could be abolished by the protein synthesis blocker cycloheximide. These data and our previous demonstration of nuclear T3 receptors in rat adipocytes are compatible with the assumption that the enhancement of lipolysis by TH is mediated via a mechanism involving nuclear TH receptors and synthesis of new proteins. PMID- 3481766 TI - Partial purification of a thyroid specific nuclear protein recognizing the thyroglobulin promoter. AB - We have used a gel retardation assay to follow the purification of a calf thyroid nuclear protein that binds to the -70 region of the rat thyroglobulin promoter. The activity producing the observed band shift is thyroid specific. The same shift is in fact observed with extracts prepared from a differentiated rat thyroid cell line which synthesizes and secretes thyroglobulin, while no similar shift is detected when cell unable to express their endogenous thyroglobulin gene or tissues different from thyroid are used as a source of nuclear extract. Competition experiments suggest that the same protein may bind at two different sites within the promoter. The two sites display considerable sequence homology. Sequence comparisons between the rat, calf and human promoter suggest that more than the sequence is the geometry of the promoter which is conserved. PMID- 3481765 TI - Multifactorial transcriptional control of the triiodothyronine-sensitive growth hormone gene: a plausible model. PMID- 3481767 TI - Thyroid hormone regulation of the rat thyrotropin beta-subunit gene. AB - In order to determine the molecular mechanisms by which thyroid hormone and other factors regulate the biosynthesis of thyrotropin (TSH), we have isolated and characterized the gene encoding the beta-subunit of rat TSH. The transcriptional unit is 4.9 Kb in size and contains 3 exons and two introns of 3.9 and 0.4 Kb. The gene possesses two promoters and hence two associated transcriptional start sites. Several lines of evidence indicate that there is differential regulation of the two TSH beta transcripts by thyroid hormone. In particular, rat TSH beta mRNA-2, the transcript associated with the downstream promoter, is regulated 6- to 8-fold by thyroid hormone. Further studies involving in vitro mutagenesis and transfection of the TSH beta gene into pituitary cells will hopefully provide important information concerning structure-function relations of the regulatory regions of the gene and thyroid hormone action. PMID- 3481769 TI - Molecular biological approaches to thyroid research. International symposium. Reisensburg, June 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3481770 TI - Allopurinol induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 3481768 TI - Hormonal regulation of thyrotrophin synthesis and secretion. AB - We have examined the effects of triiodothyronine treatment on serum TSH and pituitary cytoplasmic TSH alpha and beta mRNA levels in the hypothyroid rat. Serum TSH and the cytoplasmic levels of the TSH alpha and beta subunit mRNAs rose concomitantly in hypothyroidism. Treatment of hypothyroid animals with triiodothyronine resulted in a fall in serum TSH but an initial increase in subunit mRNAs, followed by a reduction to euthyroid levels. We have also studied the modulation of these responses by oestrogen and testosterone administration. Treatment with oestradiol during the development of hypothyroidism gave rise to lower levels in alpha and beta subunit mRNAs compared with hypothyroid animals not receiving the oestrogen. Oestrogen also abolished the early rise in subunit mRNA levels seen following triiodothyronine replacement. Testosterone administration during the development of hypothyroidism had a similar effect to that of oestrogen in that subunit mRNA levels were lower in the androgen-treated hypothyroid animals than in hypothyroid animals receiving no exogenous androgen. These data suggest that gonadal steroids render the pituitary thyrotroph cell more sensitive to thyroid hormone. PMID- 3481771 TI - The effect of prostaglandins E1 and F2a on intraocular and arterial pressure. PMID- 3481772 TI - [Organic non-mineralized allografts. Lyophilized sclera. Lyophilized dura-mater]. PMID- 3481773 TI - [Synthetic non-resorbable materials: porous and non-porous hydroxyapatites]. PMID- 3481774 TI - [Synthetic semi-resorbable materials. Bio-apatites]. PMID- 3481775 TI - [Synthetic resorbable material: tricalcium phosphate (synthograft)]. PMID- 3481776 TI - [Transplantation of germs of the 3d molar: our point of view]. PMID- 3481777 TI - [Phases of activity in periodontal disease]. PMID- 3481778 TI - [Proposal for a universal fixation splint. Comparative study in 12 clinical cases]. PMID- 3481779 TI - [The contribution of periodontal surgical technics to implantology. Improvement of the structure of peri-implant soft tissues]. PMID- 3481780 TI - [Vascular pains of the face]. PMID- 3481782 TI - [The false problem of dental hygienists in the prevention of caries]. PMID- 3481781 TI - [Partial alveolectomy of the vestibular crest]. PMID- 3481783 TI - Efficiency of different chemical agents in decontamination of gutta-percha cones. PMID- 3481784 TI - The shape and location of mandibular premolar access openings. PMID- 3481785 TI - Endodontic irrigation--a comparison of endosonic and syringe delivery systems. PMID- 3481786 TI - Perspectives on root canal obturation with thermoplasticized injectable gutta percha. PMID- 3481787 TI - Investigation of the canal space occupied by gutta-percha following lateral condensation and thermomechanical condensation. PMID- 3481788 TI - The effect of standard or serial preparation on single cone obturation. PMID- 3481789 TI - Estimation of the root filling length with the paralleling and bisecting-angle techniques performed by undergraduate students. PMID- 3481790 TI - Scanning electron microscope study comparing the efficacy of endodontic irrigating systems. PMID- 3481791 TI - Separating instrument technique for root canal filling: a case report. PMID- 3481792 TI - A new instrument for drying root canals. PMID- 3481793 TI - Characterization of ovine follicles destined to form subfunctional corpora lutea. AB - A study was done to test whether ovulatory follicles destined to form subfunctional corpora lutea differed from normal ovulatory follicles in steroidogenic function. Twenty-five ewes were treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha on d 11 of the estrous cycle, then unilaterally ovariectomized before (n = 13) or after (n = 12) the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) at the induced estrus to collect "control" follicles, which would have produced normal corpora lutea. In 15 ewes, the second ovary was removed 63 to 84 h later to collect "treated" follicles before (n = 7) or after (n = 8) the second expected surge of LH. Five ewes (control) were allowed to ovulate from the remaining ovary at first estrus and another five (treated) at the second estrus (3 to 4 d later). Treated ewes had lower serum progesterone than control ewes during the ensuing cycle (P less than .05). Treated follicles contained less estradiol in the theca (4.4 +/- .6 vs 10.0 +/- 2.5 ng; P less than .05), less androstenedione (.1 +/- .1 vs 1.0 +/- .2 ng) and estradiol (.5 +/- .1 vs 2.9 +/- 2.2 ng) in the granulosa (P less than .05) and less progesterone in the follicular fluid (.8 +/- .4 vs 3.3 +/- .8 ng; P less than .05) than control follicles, when removed before the surge of LH. Follicles removed after the surge of LH did not differ. In conclusion, ovulatory follicles with low steroidogenic function became corpora lutea that secreted lower-than-normal quantities of progesterone. PMID- 3481794 TI - [In vitro study of the biocompatibility of Dropsin and Dycal in human pulp cell cultures]. PMID- 3481796 TI - An in vitro histological comparison of the step-back, sonic, and ultrasonic instrumentation techniques in small, curved root canals. PMID- 3481795 TI - Analysis of conjugated bile acids in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography using post-column enzyme reaction and off-line fluorimetric determination. AB - An assay for glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic (GC, TC), chenodeoxycholic (GCDC, TCDC), deoxycholic (GDC, TDC) and ursodeoxycholic (GUDC, TUDC) acids in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography using an immobilized 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase post-column reaction and an off-line spectrofluorimetric detection is described. The detection limit is 0.2 microM. Recoveries of extraction and chromatographic analysis range from 89.50 to 91.68% and from 96.75 to 98.83%, respectively. The analysis in serum reveals a coefficient of variation for reproducibility between 16.2% for GC and 4.7% for TDC; inter-assay variability ranges between 4.06% for TCDC and 8.24% for TUDC. PMID- 3481798 TI - Comparison of calcium hydroxide and formocresol pulpotomies in primary teeth in lambs: preliminary study. PMID- 3481797 TI - An ultrastructural investigation of the human apical pulp in irreversible pulpitis. II. Vasculature and connective tissue. PMID- 3481799 TI - Nonendodontic therapy for supraosseous extracanal invasive resorption. PMID- 3481800 TI - The diagnosis of a multilocular periapical lesion. PMID- 3481801 TI - Cystic ameloblastoma--an endodontic differential diagnostic problem. PMID- 3481802 TI - Mast cells in human dental pulp. PMID- 3481803 TI - The influence of the smeared layer upon dentinal tubule penetration by endodontic filling materials. Part II. PMID- 3481804 TI - Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures. PMID- 3481806 TI - Evaluation of calcium phosphate as a root canal sealer-filler material. PMID- 3481805 TI - Evaluation of heat transfer during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized gutta-percha. Part I. In vitro heat levels during extrusion. PMID- 3481807 TI - A comparison of short-term periapical responses to hand and ultrasonic file overextension during root canal instrumentation in the Macaca fascicularis monkey. PMID- 3481808 TI - Root perforations dressed with calcium hydroxide or zinc oxide and eugenol. PMID- 3481809 TI - The correlation between systemic allergies and radiologically visible periapical pathosis. PMID- 3481810 TI - Endodontic intervention in the traumatic bone cyst. PMID- 3481811 TI - Pulpal alveolar cellulitis syndrome. PMID- 3481813 TI - Proceedings of the Third European Meeting on Hypertension. 14-17 June 1987, Milan, Italy. PMID- 3481812 TI - Preliminary results on the use of Ca 15-3 in malignant ovarian pathology. PMID- 3481814 TI - The interaction between noradrenaline and angiotensin II in man: evidence for a postsynaptic and against a presynaptic interaction. AB - Recent evidence from animal studies suggests an interaction between the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). We sought evidence for a similar interaction in man, to determine whether this interaction is presynaptic, whereby angiotensin II (ANG II) facilitates noradrenaline (NA) release, or postsynaptic, whereby ANG II facilitates the effect of NA. In our first study, a subpressor dose of ANG II was infused and NA release stimulated by physiological tests. The haemodynamic responses and plasma NA responses to SNS stimulation were not augmented by ANG II. In the second study normal volunteers were infused with either saline, ANG II, or a combination of ANG II and NA. Analysis of variance showed that ANG II interacts synergistically with NA to increase systolic blood pressure (SBP). Plasma NA and ANG II levels were not altered by the coincidental presence of NA or ANG II. These results suggest that there is a pharmacodynamic interaction between NA and ANG II which acts synergistically at a postsynaptic site to maintain SBP. PMID- 3481815 TI - Effects of sulphur amino acids on the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We investigated the effects on blood pressure of 5% taurine administered prenatally or postnatally via maternal parents in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Prenatal and/or postnatal administration of taurine produced a blood pressure reduction in the offspring until at least 3 months of age. Furthermore, offspring exposed to high concentrations of taurine through the placenta during the prenatal period and also for 1 month after birth via maternal milk, showed a greater reduction in blood pressure than the group given taurine prenatally but not postnatally. The stroke-prone SHR were fed a high-fat cholesterol and low-protein diet containing 1% methionine or with 3% lysine in drinking water, and effects of the dietary amino acids on the development of atherogenesis were investigated. Intake of additional 1% methionine or 3% lysine had marked preventive effects on atherogenesis in the cerebral and mesenteric arteries in SHRSP. Therefore, early dietary intake of sulphur amino acids delays the onset of hypertension and attenuates the development of both severe hypertension and atherosclerosis in SHRSP. PMID- 3481816 TI - High sodium intake increases platelet aggregation in normal females. AB - Platelet activation and aggregation appear to play an important part in the development of vascular disease. We studied the effect of varying sodium intake on total plasma serotonin and in vitro aggregation of blood platelets. A total of 12 normal female volunteers were studied after 5 days on a 10 or 200 mmol/day sodium diet. Aggregation studies were performed by incubating stirred platelet rich plasma (PRP) with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) at final concentrations of 1 and 4 mumol/l; we also studied the effect of pre-incubating PRP with ketanserin or saralasin (1 mumol/l and 1 nmol/l final concentration, respectively). Salt loading produced a significant increase in platelet aggregation induced by both 1 and 4 mumol/l ADP, and also a significant fall in PRP in serotonin concentration; since there was also a significant drop in the yield of platelets in PRP during salt-loading, the difference in serotonin concentration was not significant when expressed as pmol serotonin/10(8) platelets. There was a significant negative correlation between log serotonin levels (nmol/l) and % aggregation induced by 4 mumol/l ADP. Ketanserin decreased aggregation (induced by 4 mumol/l ADP) in PRP obtained during high salt intake; saralasin had no effect on aggregation, but did cause a decrease in light transmission. These results indicate that in normal females: (1) in vitro platelet aggregation is increased with high sodium intake, and this effect was reduced by addition of ketanserin; (2) PRP platelet count and total plasma serotonin levels are both significantly altered by changes in sodium status; (3) aggregation (%) is inversely proportional to log serotonin concentration (nmol/l). PMID- 3481817 TI - Platelet cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and plasma cholesterol in untreated hypertensives. AB - It has been proposed that plasma cholesterol, a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, may modify cellular Ca2+. In particular, higher membrane cholesterol contents induce higher Ca2+ influx and decrease the activity of the Ca2+ pumps. Cellular Ca2+ may also control the number of accessible low density lipoprotein receptors. We investigated the question of whether plasma cholesterol influences cellular Ca2+ metabolism, by analysing the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in unstimulated platelets from 61 untreated hypertensive patients [systolic and diastolic arterial pressure: 157 +/- 3/95 +/- 2 mmHg (mean +/- s.e.m.), respectively, age 41.8 +/- 1.7 years, body mass index 24.7 +/- 0.6 kg/m2]. The subjects' plasma total cholesterol (5.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) and platelet [Ca2+]i concentration (228 +/- 7 nmol/l) were positively correlated (r = 0.375, P less than 0.003). This correlation persisted at constant age, arterial pressure or body mass index. Platelet [Ca2+]i tended to increase with plasma low-density lipoprotein concentration (n = 21, P = 0.01), and to decrease with the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol (n = 21, P = 0.08). The observation that in normocholesterolaemic hypertensive patients [Ca2+]i concentration in unstimulated platelets was correlated with plasma cholesterol suggests that cell activation may be modulated by membrane fluidity or that cholesterol metabolism is influenced by cell Ca2+. PMID- 3481818 TI - Characterization of the carrier protein of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in plasma. AB - The presence of an endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s) (DLIS) has been reported in the plasma and urine of experimental animals and humans. This substance might have a role in arterial hypertension. Although the chemical structure of DLIS is at present unknown, several studies indicate that DLIS has a low molecular weight and is reversibly bound in serum to carrier proteins. We have investigated the carrier protein of DLIS in chromatographic studies, using neonate plasma eluted on a Sephadex G200 column. The chromatographic profile of digoxin-like immunoreactivity showed a major peak with a molecular weight of approximately 60,000 daltons and a smaller peak eluted after the salt region. When the major peak was chromatographed on a Sephadex G100 column only one single peak was obtained, which closely coincided with the elution peak of albumin. Chromatographic separation of neonate plasma on a Sephadex G25 revealed a major post-salt immunoreactive peak. When these fractions were incubated with purified human albumin and separated again on the Sephadex G25, a large immunoreactive peak corresponding to albumin was again found while the immunoreactivity after salt completely disappeared. Our data therefore strongly suggest that the endogenous digitalis-like factor is carried in plasma by albumin. PMID- 3481819 TI - Adrenal response in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in workers exposed to high noise levels. AB - Some neuroendocrine parameters known as stress indices were examined in two groups of healthy male workers in a glass factory: the first group (60 subjects) was exposed to high environmental noise levels [greater than 90 dB(A)]; the second group (52 subjects) was exposed to low noise levels [less than 78 dB(A)]. Subjects with histories of cardiovascular diseases or high arterial pressure were excluded from the study. In both groups serum catecholamines and cortisol, and urinary vanilmandelic and homovanillic acids were evaluated at the beginning and middle of morning and afternoon work-shifts, by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine, epinephrine and vanilmandelic acid were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) during work shifts in the group exposed to 90 dB(A), compared with baseline levels and also with catecholamine levels in the group exposed to 78 dB(A). Serum dopamine, cortisol and homovanillic acid showed no significant differences. The increased stimulation of the sympatho-adrenal system in response to high and prolonged noise exposure might lead to an abnormal response of the cardiovascular system with increasing arterial pressure values. PMID- 3481820 TI - Vitamin C deficiency and low linolenate intake associated with elevated blood pressure: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. AB - We investigated the association of dietary fatty acids and plasma antioxidative vitamins with blood pressure in 722 eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in 1984-1986, who had no known hypertension nor any cerebrovascular disease. Allowing for the major anthropometric, dietary, medical and psychological determinants of blood pressure in a multivariate regression analysis, plasma ascorbic acid concentration had a moderate, independent inverse association (P less than 0.0001) and the estimated dietary intake of linolenic acid an inverse (P = 0.026) independent association with mean resting blood pressure. The marked elevation of blood pressure at the lowest levels of plasma vitamin C concentration supports the hypothesis of the role of antioxidants in the aetiology of hypertension. PMID- 3481821 TI - Effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, piroxicam or sulindac, on the antihypertensive actions of propranolol and verapamil. AB - Twenty-five hypertensive patients participated in a randomized placebo-controlled study. After blood pressures were normalized with propranolol or verapamil alone over a 6-week period, patients were entered into a 4-week double-blind period where they received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment (sulindac or piroxicam) or placebo treatment in addition to their antihypertensive therapy. There was a significant elevation in standing systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05) with propranolol and sulindac, when compared with propranolol and placebo, but no significant changes were shown with propranolol and piroxicam. Systolic blood pressures on sulindac treatment were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in both supine and standing positions during treatment of hypertension with verapamil compared with propranolol. Both supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures on piroxicam treatment were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) during treatment of hypertension with verapamil compared with propranolol. We conclude that NSAID transiently block the antihypertensive effect of propranolol, causing blood pressures to increase and side effects to improve. However, NSAID do not cause loss of antihypertensive control with verapamil. PMID- 3481822 TI - The humorally mediated antihypertensive system of the rat kidney: a physiological depressor mechanism? AB - The humoral renomedullary antihypertensive system, described by Muirhead [1], is known to be strongly activated upon unclipping renal hypertensive rats. The present study was designed to determine whether this system is tonically active in normotensive rat kidneys at normotensive pressure levels. Anaesthetized normotensive donor rats (NDR) were used to perfuse an isolated age-matched normotensive recipient (NRR) kidney, via an extracorporal circuit, set at different perfusion pressures, while the NDR mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured continuously. The results showed non-significant alterations in the NDR heart rate and mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg NRR kidney perfusion pressure, while at 100 and 150 mmHg there were significant, dose-dependent and gradual reductions in both the heart rate and mean arterial pressure in NDR. We conclude that the renal humoral antihypertensive system is active in normotensive kidneys already in the normotensive pressure range, but becomes further engaged in a dose-dependent way when renal perfusion pressure is raised. PMID- 3481823 TI - Variation of swallowing patterns with malocclusions. PMID- 3481824 TI - Relationship between lesions of enamel focal demineralization and caries in groups of Finnish and Russian children. PMID- 3481825 TI - Epulis in a child with tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 3481826 TI - Masticatory muscle action in children with Hellman's dental stages IIA to IIIC. PMID- 3481827 TI - Longitudinal study of the dental arch dimensions in hard and soft palate clefts. PMID- 3481828 TI - Influence of age on fluoride concentration in dentifrices. PMID- 3481829 TI - Indicators of caries activity in children with optimal fluoride intake. PMID- 3481830 TI - Screening for head lice in pediatric dental patients. PMID- 3481831 TI - Trigger point injection: a neglected modality in the treatment of TMJ dysfunction. PMID- 3481832 TI - Interceptive orthopedic technique in a child with self-mutilation tendency. PMID- 3481833 TI - Dental abnormalities associated with the treatment of Hodgkin's disease in a young patient. PMID- 3481835 TI - [Cefmenoxime transport into the bile, especially in the intra- and postoperative periods]. AB - Using 13 patients undergoing operation of the bile duct, cefmenoxime (CMX) transport into the bile and the gallbladder tissue was investigated. One gram of CMX was administered through drip infusion over 30 minutes every 12 hours. CMX concentration in bile was measured for samples surgically collected about 103 minutes (75-141 minutes) after the start of CMX administration. CMX concentrations in bile samples collected from gallbladder were found to be as high as 326.6 +/- 432.3 micrograms/ml in patients with neither jaundice nor cystic duct obstruction, indicating sufficient CMX transport. When cystic duct obstructions were present, CMX concentrations were very low, or moderately low if jaundice was also present. Changes in CMX concentration were then measured over 6 hours after administration in patients with an external biliary fistula every other day for a period of 7 days, from the first postoperation day. As for horal changes, CMX concentration reached its peak in 2 hours after the start of administration in most cases. Maximum CMX concentrations in patients without jaundice were high, ranging from 313.3 to 1,232.3 micrograms/ml (mean, 641.2 micrograms/ml), and CMX was found at 4.0-76.6 micrograms/ml (mean, 37.4 micrograms/ml), even after 6 hours. As for diurnal changes, CMX was determined to be sufficiently transported into the bile from the first postoperation day. Although CMX concentrations tended to be lower on the fifth postoperation day than on other days, there was no statistical significance in differences in daily concentrations examined. CMX concentrations in gallbladder tissues were determined to be 22.7 4/- 32.1 micrograms/g, and they decreased over time exponentially. PMID- 3481834 TI - Inhibition of calcium-dependent spike after-hyperpolarization increases excitability of rabbit visceral sensory neurones. AB - 1. Conventional intracellular recordings were made from rabbit nodose neurones in vitro. Prostaglandins D2 and E2, but not F2 alpha, produced a selective, concentration-dependent (1-100 nM) inhibition of a slow, Ca2+-dependent spike after-hyperpolarization (a.h.p.). Block of the slow a.h.p. was accompanied by an increased membrane resistance and a small (less than 10 mV) depolarization of the membrane potential. Inhibition of the slow a.h.p. produced no change in the voltage-current relationship other than the increased membrane resistance. 2. In C neurones with slow a.h.p.s, trains of brief depolarizing current pulses (2 ms duration, 0.1-10 Hz) could not elicit repetitive action potentials without failure at rates above 0.1 Hz. By contrast, C neurones without slow a.h.p.s could respond at stimulus frequencies up to 10 Hz. The frequency-dependent spike firing ability of slow a.h.p. neurones was eliminated by inhibition of the slow a.h.p. 3. Action potentials were also evoked by intrasomatic injection of paired, depolarizing current ramps (1 nA/10 ms, 0.1-5 s inter-ramp interval). For neurones without a slow a.h.p., the current threshold and number of evoked spikes were the same for both ramps, and the ramps were nearly superimposable. In neurones with a slow a.h.p., the current threshold for the first spike in the second ramp was greatly increased (300-500%) and the number of evoked spikes was reduced. Following inhibition of the slow a.h.p., the current threshold and number of evoked spikes was the same for both ramps. 4. Forskolin, a direct activator of the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase, also produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the slow a.h.p., with 50% block at 30 nM. Prostaglandin D2 and forskolin produced identical enhancement of excitability in C neurones and neither substance produced any effect on C neurones that could not be attributed to inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance associated with the slow a.h.p. We propose that, in some visceral sensory neurones, the level of excitability is regulated by cyclic AMP-mediated control of the slow a.h.p. PMID- 3481836 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole during and after surgical operations]. AB - Cefmetazole (CMZ), with its relatively broad antibacterial spectrum, good stability to beta-lactamases and a high degree of safety, has established a place in the antibacterial therapy. In this study the pharmacokinetics of CMZ during and after surgical operations were investigated. CMZ in a dose of 2 g was administered intravenously to 15 cases operated upon for ailments of abdominal organs (10 cases of cholecystolithiasis and 5 cases of early or resectable gastric cancer). The serum samples were taken during and on the 2nd or the 3rd day after operation. Concentrations of CMZ in serum were measured by bioassay with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. CMZ concentrations during the operation was at higher level than on the 2nd or the 3rd day after the operation. In cholecystolithiasis, the half life time (T 1/2) was 2.11 hours during operation and 1.42 hours after the operation. In cases of gastric cancer, T 1/2 was 1.31 hours during operation and 2.21 hours after the operation. In cholecystolithiasis, area under the curves (AUCs) were 469.39 micrograms.hr/ml during operation and 294.44 micrograms.hr/ml after the operation. In cancer cases, AUC's were 339.83 micrograms.hr/ml during and 329.75 micrograms.hr/ml after operation. Any postoperative infections and adverse reactions were not observed in these cases. Therefore, CMZ would be very effective and available for its prophylactic role. PMID- 3481837 TI - [Transfer of ofloxacin into suction blister fluid after its oral administration]. AB - After oral administration of 300 mg of ofloxacin (OFLX), the concentration of OFLX in serum peaked at 2 hours and reached 2.88 +/- 0.62 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D.). In the fluid of dermal blisters produced by suction, the peak value was 1.74 +/- 0.88 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. Pharmacokinetically, Cmax (maximum concentration), Tmax (time of maximum concentration), Ka (absorption rate constant) and AUC0-8hrs. (area under the concentration-time curve) were calculated as 2.65 micrograms/ml, 2.07 hours, 0.79 hr-1 and 14.5 micrograms.hr/ml in serum, and 1.59 micrograms/ml, 4.49 hours, 0.27 hr-1 and 10.1 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. Therapeutic AUC (area under the curve above minimum effective concentration) were also calculated as 13.3 micrograms.hr/ml (0.14-12.4 hours) in serum, and 11.5 micrograms.hr/ml (0.42-17.3 hours). PMID- 3481838 TI - [Monoclonal antibody against human HLA class II antigens. II. Analysis of immunoglobulin-production system using a monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 3481839 TI - [New blood transfusion infection. Recent studies on AIDS]. PMID- 3481841 TI - [Contraction of collagen lattices by fibroblasts in epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 3481840 TI - [Leukemia cells: comprehensive analysis using morphology, cytochemistry and monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3481842 TI - Tachykinin antagonist I: Specific, competitive and tissue-selective neurokinin B antagonists on contractile activity in smooth muscles. AB - Two neurokinin B (NKB) analogs, [Gly6]-NKB [3-10] and [Arg3, D-Ala6]-NKB [3-10], were tested for agonistic activity as well as for their ability to antagonize the myotropic actions of NKB, neurokinin A, substance P, physalaemin and eledoisin in isolated guinea-pig ileum, guinea-pig urinary bladder, rat duodenum, rat vas deferens and rat portal vein. [Gly6]-NKB [3-10] in the guinea-pig ileum and rat portal vein and [Arg3, D-Ala6]-NKB [3-10] in the guinea-pig ileum were found to be the first specific and competitive antagonists against NKB. PMID- 3481844 TI - [Mechanism of the development of extensive leukemic infiltration in the brain]. PMID- 3481843 TI - Electrical and mechanical interaction between circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the guinea-pig stomach. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E1 and F2 alpha on the mechanical and electrical responses of circular strips dissected from various parts of the guinea-pig stomach were examined. Prostaglandin E1 induced the tonic contraction without an inhibition of the phasic contraction in lower parts of stomach. The amplitude of tonic contraction decayed along with greater curvature of the stomach, that is, it was largest in pylorus region and smallest in upper corpus. Furthermore, the tonic contraction increased depending on concentrations of prostaglandin E1. When a longitudinal muscle layer was removed from the circular strips, the tonic contraction disappeared. On the other hand, prostaglandin E1 or F2 alpha consistently induced an increase in the resting tone and the phasic contraction in longitudinal strips of all parts of stomach. Simultaneous recordings of the electrical and mechanical activities showed a correlation between membrane depolarization and tonic contraction induced by prostaglandin E1. Above results were not affected by nerve-blocking agent, atropine or tetrodotoxin. Thus it is suggested that the tonic contraction in circular strips induced by prostaglandin E1 is closely related to the longitudinal tonic contractions. PMID- 3481845 TI - [Role of leukemic cells in the development of hemorrhage in the central nervous system of adult patients with non-lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3481846 TI - [First experience with correction of ametropia using Soviet-made extended-wear soft contact lenses]. PMID- 3481848 TI - Maxillary arch dimensions in Egyptian and British children. PMID- 3481847 TI - [Early daunorubicin cardiotoxicity and fatal outcome in a child with acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2)]. AB - The authors report a case of fatal Daunorubicin cardiotoxicity on initial phase of therapy for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia at cumulative doses (225 mg/mq) considered still safe from the current literature. Despite the interruption of therapy and the interventions performed in support of cardiac functionality the patient came to exitus for heart failure 24 hours after the symptoms onset. This example represents a further confirmation of the utility of a steady monitoring with specific tests for the patients undergoing Daunorubicin therapy. PMID- 3481849 TI - An analysis of incidence of enamel hypoplasia in children with different types of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 3481850 TI - Skeletal maturity of children in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 3481851 TI - The effectiveness and acceptability of indigenous toothbrush materials among schoolchildren in Aguinaldo, Cavite. PMID- 3481852 TI - Classified occlusal problems in young Nigerians: a clinical study. PMID- 3481853 TI - Survey of preventive practices and attitudes to dental care in Maharashtra and Gujarat states in India. PMID- 3481854 TI - [Large odontogenic cysts with intrasinus development. Apropos of 2 cases in Dakar]. PMID- 3481855 TI - The Borrow Dental Milk Foundation program to reduce dental caries in children. PMID- 3481856 TI - [Local retention of various deciduous teeth in adolescent and adult subjects in Zaire]. PMID- 3481857 TI - Neutrophilic dermatosis of myeloproliferative disease in a 10-year-old. AB - The initial features of acute myeloid leukemia in a previously well 10-year-old girl consisted of cellulitic lesions on the face and limbs. These lesions subsequently progressed, with superimposed blistering and pustulation. They were painful and tender. The condition did not respond to systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Skin biopsy showed an intense, dermal neutrophilic infiltrate without additional evidence of infection or leukemic deposits. The cutaneous lesions responded promptly to high-dose systemic corticosteroids, and the leukemia to chemotherapy. PMID- 3481858 TI - [Fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of thiol-dependent serine proteinase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in vitro]. AB - Fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of the subtilisin-like thiol-dependent serine proteinase were studied. At concentrations from 50 to 4000 micrograms/ml the enzyme causes lysis of fibrin plates and activates plasminogen. At concentrations above 100 micrograms/ml it shows a pronounced thrombolytic effect on the clots formed in vitro from both plasma and human and rat blood. Plasma inhibitors partly inactivate the thiol-dependent serine proteinase. The enzyme hydrolyses also fibrinogen, thrombin, plasmin and plasminogen. PMID- 3481859 TI - The effect of phorbol ester (TPA) on human leukemia cell differentiation and its clinical significance. PMID- 3481860 TI - Genetic profile of Chinese inbred mouse strains. PMID- 3481861 TI - [Surgical or non-surgical therapy]. PMID- 3481862 TI - [Amplifying activity of intra-sonic instruments. Study with neutronography and microdensitometry]. PMID- 3481863 TI - [Condition of the intra-canal dentin walls after placement of an intermediate antibiotic dressing]. PMID- 3481864 TI - [Canal obturations using gutta. Their effect on the temperature of the root surface of dog incisors]. PMID- 3481865 TI - [Inflammatory reactions after reimplantation]. PMID- 3481867 TI - The effects of propranolol and pindolol on the left ventricular dP/dtmax. of the paced and the non-paced heart in rabbits in vivo. PMID- 3481866 TI - [Occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - The authors report the case of a 42-year old woman who developed chronic myelocytic leukemia with Philadelphia chromosome followed, 21 months later, by malignant follicular lymphoma with small cleaved cells and giant cells. This case is comparable to the other associations of acute or chronic myelocytic and lymphocytic blood diseases previously published. Several pathogenic theories are reviewed. They involve chemotherapy with alkylating drugs (but the diagnosis is sometimes simultaneous), cellular oncogens or, more probably, a clonal abnormality of the stem cell sequentially or concomitantly expressed in the cells of both lineages; unfortunately, in the absence of Philadelphia chromosome this theory has not yet been demonstrated on lymphoma cells. PMID- 3481868 TI - [Longitudinal spiroergometric research on patients with chronic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3481869 TI - Kinetics of indocyanine green and blood flow through the isolated perfused liver. PMID- 3481870 TI - Long-term observation of left ventricular function in patients with chronic pneumopathies. PMID- 3481871 TI - Treatment of mycosis fungoides with psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light-A (PUVA). PMID- 3481872 TI - Treatment and prevention of tachycardias by means of cardiac stimulation. PMID- 3481873 TI - [Economic and diagnostic problems of computed tomography of the brain]. PMID- 3481874 TI - [Arteriohepatic dysplasia in siblings (Alagille syndrome)]. PMID- 3481875 TI - Immunopathology of peptic ulcer disease and duodenitis (bulbitis). PMID- 3481876 TI - [Vacuum curettage in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma]. PMID- 3481877 TI - Sex and strain dependence in the effect of lisuride and tranylcypromine in motor depression and its relationship to the sex and strain dependence pattern of parameters related to stress mechanism. PMID- 3481878 TI - A modified technique of anterior cruciate ligament substitution. PMID- 3481879 TI - Management of painful leg ulcers by ultrasound therapy. PMID- 3481881 TI - Site protection and cytoprotection in the management of peptic ulcer and oesophagitis. Proceedings of the 4th International Sucralfate Symposium. Sao Paulo, 1986. PMID- 3481880 TI - Bio-medical monitoring of surgical teams working in volatile anaesthetics hazard. PMID- 3481882 TI - Cytoprotection by sucralfate: role of sulfate ions. AB - Sucralfate and its component, sucrose octasulfate, are both SO4(2-)-containing compounds shown to protect against acid-peptic injury in rabbit and/or cat esophagi. To determine if sulfate ions (SO4(2-) contributed to this protection, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in acid-exposed rabbit esophagi. In the Ussing chamber SO4(2-)-containing solutions significantly reduced the acid-induced decline in electrical resistance (R) observed in controls. This effect was unrelated to buffering of H+, accompanying cation or changes in luminal solution osmolality. Protection by SO4(2-) was specific since other divalent (HPO4(2-] or impermeant anions (gluconate-) failed to reduce the acid-induced decline in R. Protection was confirmed in vivo by showing that acid perfused esophagi exposed to SO4(2-) had less morphologic damage, higher R and lower permeability to 14C-mannitol and H+ than controls. These results indicate that SO4(2-) have a unique protective action against acid injury to esophageal epithelia, and this action appears to explain the cytoprotective properties of sucralfate. PMID- 3481884 TI - Emotional aspects of coronary heart disease. Life threatening but treatable. PMID- 3481883 TI - The mechanism of protective, therapeutic and prophylactic actions of sucralfate. AB - Sucralfate, a non-systemic drug, speeds the healing of peptic ulcers, prevents their recurrence and prevents stress ulcerations in critically ill patients. In animal experiments sucralfate protects the gastric mucosa against damage produced by ulcerogenic and necrotizing agents. Sucralfate does not inhibit gastric acid secretion and has a minimal neutralizing capacity. The basis for the acute protective action of sucralfate is its effect on the normal gastric mucosa enhancing the natural defensive mechanisms, stimulating mucus, bicarbonate and prostaglandin release and mucosal cell renewal. Therapeutic action of sucralfate is most likely the result of A) local action on ulcerated areas of the mucosa by formation of a protective barrier reducing pepsin and H+injury; B) binding of pepsin and bile acids; and C) trophic effect on the entire mucosa which facilitates healing and re-epithelialization. Long term prophylactic efficacy of sucralfate is probably due to its chronic trophic action on the gastric mucosa. Quantitive and qualitative increase in the surface epithelial and proliferative zone cells enhance the defensive capabilities of the mucosa increasing mucus, bicarbonate, and prostaglandin release and cell renewal. PMID- 3481885 TI - Antithrombin III binding to surface immobilized heparin and its relation to F Xa inhibition. AB - The mode of F Xa inhibition was investigated on a thromboresistant surface with end-point attached partially depolymerized heparin of an approximate molecular weight of 8000. Affinity chromatography revealed that one fourth of the heparin used in surface coating had high affinity for antithrombin III (AT). The heparin surface adsorbed AT from both human plasma and solutions of purified AT. By increasing the ionic strength in the AT solution the existence of high and low affinity sites could be shown. The uptake of AT was measured and the density of available high and low affinity sites was found to be in the range of 5 and 11 picomoles/cm2, respectively. Thus the estimated density of biologically active high and low affinity heparin respectively would be 40 and 90 ng/cm2. The heparin coating did not take up or exert F Xa inhibition by itself. With AT adsorbed on both high and low affinity heparin the surface had the capacity to inhibit several consecutive aliquots of F Xa exposed to the surface. When mainly high affinity sites were saturated with AT the inhibition capacity was considerably lower. It was demonstrated that the density of AT on both high and low affinity heparin determines the F Xa inhibition capacity whereas the amount of AT on high affinity sites limits the rate of the reaction. This implies that during the inhibition of F Xa there is a continuous surface-diffusion of AT from sites of a lower class to the high affinity sites where the F Xa/AT complex is formed and leaves the surface. The ability of the immobilized heparin to catalyze inhibition of F Xa is likely to be an important component for the thromboresistant properties of a heparin coating with non-compromised AT binding sequences. PMID- 3481886 TI - Interaction of polylysine with bovine factor Xa: effect of divalent cations. AB - Poly-L-lysine has been demonstrated to partially replace biological cofactors in the activation of prothrombin by factor Xa. The present study was initiated to determine if poly-L-lysine has an effect on the enzymatic activity of factor Xa in the absence of prothrombin. At low ionic strength (50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 8.0, ambient temperature), poly-L-lysine inhibits amidase activity (S-2222) of bovine factor Xa with high affinity (Ki = 7 nM). The inhibition was readily reversed by 100 mM NaCl. The inhibition was also markedly reduced by the addition of 1.0 mM CaCl2 but not by MnCl2 or MgCl2. All three metal ions enhance amidase activity in the absence of poly-L-lysine. Poly-L-lysine also inhibits the amidase activity of factor Xa from which the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain has been removed by limited proteolysis with chymotrypsin (factor Xa-GD) but with somewhat lower avidity (Ki = 35 nM). As with native factor Xa, calcium ions reduce the observed inhibition while either manganese or magnesium ions are much less effective. The amidase activity of factor Xa-GD is enhanced with any one of the three divalent cations. These results provide additional support for the existence of a functionally significant binding site for calcium ions outside of the gamma carboxyglutamic domain of factor Xa. PMID- 3481887 TI - Inhibition of pyridine-nucleotide-dependent enzymes by pyrazoles. Synthesis and enzymology of a novel A-ring pyrazole steroid. AB - A novel A-ring pyrazole steroid, 2,3-bisaza-A-nor-1,5(10)-estradien-17 beta-ol (3), was synthesized as a potential inhibitor of steroidal NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases. Compound 3 proved to be a potent inhibitor of 3(17)beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (from P. testosteroni) exhibiting a Ki of 90 +/- 20 nM. The activities of 3 alpha,20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (from S. hydrogenans), steroid-5 alpha-reductase (from rat prostate), and 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (from rat liver) were unaffected by pyrazole 3. Dead end inhibition studies indicate an ordered binding of cofactor prior to substrate or pyrazole inhibitor. PMID- 3481888 TI - Lack of correlation between steroid sulfatase activities and lipid content in uterus and liver microsomes of guinea pigs. AB - Lipid content and steroid sulfatase activities were determined in liver and uterus microsomes of non-pregnant guinea pigs. The results were compared with values obtained in pregnant and cortisol-treated animals. Steroid sulfatase activities were always higher in pregnant animals, and we supposed that the increase in circulating cortisol in pregnant guinea pigs before parturition has an influence on the membrane-bound sulfatase activities. Sulfatase activities were identical in cortisol-treated and untreated non-pregnant females, although cortisol induced changes in microsomal lipid composition. These results lead us to three conclusions: in intact female guinea pigs, cortisol induces variations in the lipid content of uterus and liver microsomes, especially in the cholesteryl sulfate to phospholipid ratios; the variations of the lipid composition in pregnant animals do not appear to be cortisol-dependent; membrane bound steroid sulfatase activities are not directly influenced by the lipid composition of microsomes. PMID- 3481890 TI - Scientific studies in mild mental retardation. Epidemiology, origin and prevention. Proceedings of the 2nd European Symposium on Scientific Studies in Mental Retardation. Uppsala, Sweden, June 24-26, 1986. PMID- 3481889 TI - [Karyological characteristics of a new continuous cell line of human hypernephroma]. AB - A new stable human hypernephroma cell line has been characterized by differential staining R-, C- and Ag-I-techniques. The karyotype of the cultivated hypernephroma cells has been designed using the statistical analysis and karyotype reconstruction methods. The specific chromosomal markers of the cell line are described. PMID- 3481891 TI - Additional handicaps. PMID- 3481893 TI - Associated neuropsychiatric problems in Swedish school children with mild mental retardation. AB - A total of 83 mildly mentally retarded children aged 13-17 years were examined. These children are considered representative of all clearly mildly mentally retarded children born in 1966-1970 and living in Goteborg, Sweden. Fifty-seven per cent of the children were suffering from a handicapping psychiatric condition. Epilepsy and male sex were found to be associated with psychiatric abnormality. PMID- 3481892 TI - Antecedents of behavior disturbance in mildly mentally retarded young adults. AB - Behavior disturbance was found to be more frequent among mildly retarded (MMR) than a group of young adults matched during childhood for age, sex and social class. Reasons for this were examined. An unstable environment in childhood was found to be significantly related to behavior disturbance in both MMR and controls. The greater frequency of behavior disturbance among the MMR was due to their more frequently experiencing unstable environments in childhood than comparisons. Further, when stability of upbringing was held constant, differences in behaviour disturbance between the two groups were no longer found. Central nervous system damage was found not to be a contributory factor. PMID- 3481894 TI - Psychiatric illness among the mildly mentally retarded. AB - The relationship between mental retardation and psychiatric disturbance was studied by comparing the mentally retarded in the age group 20-60 years with matched controls. The mildly retarded showed a higher degree of neuroticism but did not differ significantly from persons of higher intelligence in the frequency of mental illnesses. By contrast the severely retarded showed an increased mental morbidity, mainly in the form of chronic psychoorganic syndromes, as compared with both the mildly retarded and controls. PMID- 3481895 TI - Early stages of communication development. PMID- 3481896 TI - Motor co-ordination of children with mild mental handicap. AB - Motor co-ordination testing using Gubbay's tests was carried out on 885 mainstream schoolchildren, broadly representative of national social class distribution, and on 482 children attending Greater Manchester schools for children with moderate learning difficulties. In spite of limited reliability of the tests considerable differences were demonstrated, suggesting that mildly mentally retarded children are also retarded in motor development. This has clear implications for educational planning whether such children are to be educated in special or mainstream schools in future. PMID- 3481897 TI - Neonatal factors in mild mental retardation. PMID- 3481898 TI - Mother-child transactions in families with normal and handicapped children. AB - This paper describes two aspects of mother-child interaction: children's contribution to early conversations and mother's tactics for eliciting verbal responses. Normal and handicapped children matched for linguistic complexity (mean length of utterance) differed in both qualitative and quantitative aspects of their verbal interactions with their mothers. Normal children talked more, responded correctly more often, and made more attempts to control the conversation than mentally retarded children. Clear differences in mother choice of tactics for eliciting child verbalizations also were evident between the two groups. Overall, mothers of handicapped children modeled responses more and frequently asked fewer and less complex questions. The differences in mother behavior appeared to be a function of the child's specific skills, and not of the child's general classification as normal or mentally retarded; patterns of mother linguistic adjustment were identical in the two groups. These findings are discussed in terms of a general model of transactional linguistic teaching in dyads with mentally retarded children. PMID- 3481899 TI - Language training for generalization. AB - This paper presents a classroom-based language intervention program for preschool children with language delays or deficits. A major goal of the program is to ensure that children acquire missing skills through daily speech therapy and that they actively generalize these skills from therapy times to other classroom activities. This paper presents data collected with two children during daily speech therapy sessions and daily play activities. Instances in which the children generalized new language acquired in therapy to play activities will be discussed as well as instances in which the children failed to generalize new language. In addition, the influence of peer and teacher language usage on children's language production will be discussed. Finally, recommendations to enhance generalization of language skills within and across school settings will be presented. PMID- 3481900 TI - Services to further the participation of mentally retarded persons in society. AB - A socio-political change, which started about 1945, has led to a complex process of change as regards type of services to be offered to mildly mentally retarded persons. Community services of several types are being developed. This change from an institutional to a community life for mildly mentally retarded persons must also deal with the question of the social role of this group. They must be understood as full-worthy citizens for the community life to be a reality. PMID- 3481901 TI - A medical care and support program for families with multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndromes (MCA/MR). AB - A program for treatment--of high medical, emotional and social standard--for families with children with multiple congenital anomalies-mental retardation syndromes (MCA/MR) is presented. Using limited resources, 17 physician hours per family until the child reached the age of seven years, a total of 120 MCA/MR children (52 infants with Down's syndrome) were treated between 1975 and 1984. The medical care and support program included daily sessions with both the parents during the neonatal period, according to the principles of crisis therapy. Consultations were continued with the same doctor at the children's outpatient care unit. This article describes this support program and its outcome to date. PMID- 3481902 TI - Neonatal screening for metabolic and endocrine disorders. AB - The impact of metabolic diseases (inborn errors of metabolism) and endocrine disorders in pediatrics has markedly increased during the last few decades. Critical periods in the development of the central nervous system need special attention in children with these disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in order to prevent mental retardation and serious handicaps in some of these patients. Certain patients with metabolic and endocrine disorders lack early clinical symptoms or have so non-specific signs that permanent neurological handicaps are present when the patients are finally diagnosed. One way to identify these patients is by means of mass screening. A blood sample is then collected from every newborn infant and analyzed for abnormal levels of metabolites or hormones. It is possible to detect at least thirty different disorders in this way. In most European countries screening programmes involve phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism. The prognosis for these patients has improved dramatically after the introduction of screening. The Swedish neonatal metabolic screening programme was started in 1965 by screening for PKU. Subsequently, screening for galactosemia and congenital hypothyroidism was added. The result of the screening programme 1965-1985 is as follows: (table; see text) The main benefit of early detection and treatment of children with PKU, congenital hypothyroidism and galactosemia is the prevention of mental retardation and other handicaps. Recently nationwide pilot screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) was started. PMID- 3481903 TI - Estimate of prevalence of mild mental retardation: methodological aspects. AB - This paper sets out from an epidemiological point of view problems of measuring the prevalence of mild mental retardation. These include the problems always met in prevalence studies, of the validity of the classification, the completeness of ascertainment and the estimation of the size and characteristics of the denominator population. They also include difficulties peculiar to the condition of mild mental retardation, including the choice of method of classification whether by IQ testing or administratively; the heterogeneous nature of the individuals so characterised; and the confounding effects of social and biological factors and the changes in the implications for the affected individual of the condition, depending on age, sex and environment. It is concluded that normally measurements of prevalence can only be carried out on school age children and that these will change with age, and that we probably know very little about prevalence or implications of mild mental retardation at other ages. PMID- 3481904 TI - Screening and prevalence of mental retardation in four Finnish birth cohorts. AB - Four birth cohorts born in 1969-1972 and living at the time of the census in Kuopio Province, Finland, were screened for mental retardation in two phases using school achievement tests in reading and mathematics. The criterion of mental retardation was established using psychological tests of verbal and visual perception abilities. The control groups of the two screening phases were randomly sampled from the studied birth cohorts. The case group was obtained on the basis of the mean and standard deviation of the control group scores in the psychological tests. A score of more than 2 SD under the mean (IQ less than or equal to 0.70) was the criterion of mental retardation. The overlap between the school achievement and psychological test matrices was explained with a general type canonical variate. The prevalence results were similar to earlier screening studies, but were clearly different from studies using only registered populations. PMID- 3481905 TI - Mild mental retardation in northern Finland. AB - The occurrence and aetiology of mild mental retardation (IQ 50-70) and borderline retardation (IQ 71-85) were studied on the basis of a one-year (1966) birth cohort of 12,058 live-born infants, which were followed prospectively up to the age of 14 years. The cumulative incidences for MMR and borderline retardation were 5.5 and 13.4 per 1,000 respectively. In the borderline group there was a male preponderance of 2.3:1 as compared to 1.2:1 in MMR children. A causal factor could be identified for 46.9% of MMR children and 31.4% of borderline ones. Prenatal factors had very little bearing, since only 6% of the MMR and 6.7% of the borderline cases had such, as compared to 28.7% and 20.4% for perinatal factors and 12.1% and 4.3% for postnatal factors. An analysis of the impact of specific obstetrical and perinatal factors revealed that very few constituted relevant relative risks for mental retardation. PMID- 3481906 TI - Longitudinal studies of mental development. AB - Two longitudinal research projects--Individual Statistics and Evaluation through Follow-up of Students (UGU)--are presented. Their overriding aim is evaluation of the role of school in individual developmental processes. Mental development is one interest of study. The sequential design and data collected are briefly presented. Four representative samples of students born 1948, 1953, 1967 and 1972 are under study. Two smaller exemplifying studies are presented. The first is a cross-sectional comparison between thirteen-year-olds tested in 1961, 1966 and 1980 with identical tests. The average level of results on spatial and reasoning tests have risen since 1961. There were no changes in differences between students from white-collar and blue-collar background. Differences between boys and girls had changed, though. There was no verbal test difference in 1961 but in 1980 girls performed better than boys. Concerning spatial and reasoning ability, boys were clearly better 1961 but that difference had practically disappeared 1980. In the other study MMR students are defined within the 1967-born cohort. Some data on their school-experiences are presented. They face more difficulties and have more remedial teaching than other low ability students, but most of them complete compulsory schooling and 2/3 have plans for secondary education. Plans for future analyses are presented. PMID- 3481907 TI - Mortality, life expectancy and causes of death of mildly mentally retarded in Denmark. AB - Based upon the nationwide Danish registration, all cases with ICD 8 diagnoses 310 and 311 were drawn; 71% lived outside institutions. 7,134 persons were studied for the period 1 January 1976-3 March 1984 and examined in the central register for death, emigration, etc. 5.86%, 446 died during the observation period from 1 January 1976 to 31 March 1984. Mortality tables show estimated survival probability at the end of the 5-year intervals and the life expectancy at the start of the age intervals. Only small differences were found when comparing differences of mortality for sex and residence (institutions or outside institutions). By a linkage study with the Danish Central Register for causes of death in the National Health Service of Denmark, the causes of death were obtained. For males of the age 15-64 an excess mortality of malignant neoplasms, of diseases of the respiratory system, of congenital malformations, and of accidents were found. For females the pattern was less significant. PMID- 3481908 TI - Mild mental retardation and severe mental retardation compared: experiences in eight less developed countries. AB - Frequencies of Severe Mental Retardation (SMR) and Mild Mental Retardation (MMR) were obtained from pilot surveys of severe childhood disability in 8 less developed countries. Approximately 1,000 children aged 3 to 9 years were surveyed in each location. The surveys used a Ten Question (TQ) door-to-door interview, usually of the mother, as a screening procedure and a systematic medical and psychological assessment for the diagnosis. Diagnostic categories of SMR (IQ less than or equal to 55) and MMR (IQ greater than 55, less than or equal to 70) were assigned by well trained local psychologists, using formal and informal techniques of assessment. Contrasting frequencies and distributions for MMR compared with SMR are shown for each location. No consistent pattern for MMR versus SMR emerged, neither regarding frequency, male/female ratio, average age nor socio-economic status of household. By contrast, MMR did differ from SMR consistently regarding consanguinity of parents, the presence of associated impairments and the positive report of symptoms at interview. Also, the families of all MR children were lower in SES than comparison families. An interpretation of these findings is offered: the more severely disabled children tend to be assessed as SMR, but so do other children who might, in better circumstances, be assessed as MMR. The relevance of this interpretation is discussed, in terms of assessment and of rehabilitation, and as a guide to further epidemiologic studies. PMID- 3481909 TI - The definition and classification of mental retardation. AB - Problems with current definitions of mental retardation were recognized. Classification systems based on the behavioral capabilities of retarded persons were criticized since there are so many noncognitive determinants of performance. It was proposed that mental retardation be defined solely by IQ scores at least 2 SDs below the population mean. This suggestion was predicated on the view that the behavioral sciences currently have no better way to assess intellectual functioning. Etiology was seen as such a significant predictor of group differences that the organic, familial, and undifferentiated categories would be used in classification. Social adaptation and expected performance were seen as correlates of class membership rather than defining features of retardation, since they have no reliable method of measurement. Problems of labeling were discussed, but the practice was deemed useful if it leads to beneficial services and interventions. PMID- 3481910 TI - Associated handicap and mild mental retardation. PMID- 3481911 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the catalytic properties of platelet adenosine deaminase in normal states and in chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - Properties of adenosine deaminase from thrombocytes of healthy persons and of patients with chronic myeloleukosis were studied in presence of various structural analogues of purines and metal ions as well as at various temperature. Catalytic properties of the enzyme in thrombocytes of patients with chronic myeloleukosis were distinct from those of thrombocytes of healthy donors. These differences in the enzymatic properties (contrary to standard estimation of the enzyme activity) might be used both as a criterion of adenosine deaminase anomalies and for detection of the initial steps of the disease. PMID- 3481912 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 3481913 TI - [Analysis of errors in the diagnosis of diphtheria in children and adults]. PMID- 3481914 TI - Familial resemblance for craniofacial traits in a Punjabi population. PMID- 3481916 TI - International Symposium on Skin Care and Function. Environmental and Occupational Influences. Oslo, August 29-31, 1985. Proceedings. PMID- 3481915 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of AIDS]. AB - The data on the morphogenesis, biology and genetics of human immunodeficiency virus, as well as on the epidemiology of AIDS, are presented. Different assay systems developed in the USSR for the diagnosis of AIDS are described. The prospects for improving diagnostic techniques with the use of gene engineering are considered. PMID- 3481917 TI - Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of skin. Particle probe evaluation of the skin barrier function. PMID- 3481918 TI - A new substance to reduce roughness of human skin. PMID- 3481919 TI - Comparison of two photoelectric techniques for quantitative measurements of skin surface lipids. PMID- 3481921 TI - Desquamation of the stratum corneum: kinetics following U.V. induced injury. PMID- 3481920 TI - A new method for measuring the skin cleaning effect of soaps and detergents. PMID- 3481922 TI - Replicative and repair DNA synthesis after solar damage. AB - It is possible to enhance the individually maximal spontaneous extent of unscheduled DNA synthesis after ultraviolet light damage in human skin by 40% using topical pretreatment with bifidus fraction compounds (7,8,9). This new and biological method of active radiation protection (4,5,7), has been shown to be unaffected by any artificially produced findings due to hydroxyurea, butyrates of misinterpreted thymidine labels from replicative SDS and repair UDS. The original experimental results could be reproduced also by others, even using completely different test methods. Obviously, the results are dependent on an appropriate topical compound allowing sufficient release and penetration. PMID- 3481923 TI - Influence of topically applied organic solvents on UVB-minimal erythema dose (MED). PMID- 3481924 TI - Abnormal lymphocytic response to UV-radiation and X-ray in multiple skin cancer. PMID- 3481925 TI - Full spectrum solar radiation as a cause of dermal photodamage: UVB to infrared. PMID- 3481926 TI - Molecular aspects of allergic contact dermatitis. PMID- 3481927 TI - Compositae and Frullania phytodermatitis. AB - Clinical features, botany, phytochemistry, patch testing and ecology of Compositae and Frullania (liverwort) allergic contact phytodermatitis are discussed. Allergic contact dermatitis from Compositae continues to attract world wide attention owing to spread of noxious weeds in India, Europe, Japan and Australia. PMID- 3481928 TI - Allergy to cosmetics. PMID- 3481929 TI - Detection of allergic dermatitis to fragrances. PMID- 3481930 TI - Allergy to lichen and compositae compounds in perfumes. Investigations on the sensitizing, toxic and mutagenic potential. PMID- 3481931 TI - An original predictive method for in vivo percutaneous absorption studies. PMID- 3481932 TI - Organic pigments in plastics can cause allergic contact dermatitis. AB - A short review on organic pigments in plastics as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis is presented. Previously, organic pigments have been reported as provoking allergic pigmented contact dermatitis when used in cosmetics. Here we present the case of a patient who developed allergic contact dermatitis from an organic pigment (Irgalite Orange F2G) in a plastic glove. This shows that organic pigments in plastics can also cause allergic contact dermatitis. The potential sensitizing capacity of organic pigments should be noted. PMID- 3481933 TI - [Multipotential hemopoietic progenitors in acute leukemia in childhood]. PMID- 3481934 TI - [CNS-relapse rate and its prognosis in childhood ALL. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group]. PMID- 3481935 TI - Plasticity of the central nervous system. Proceedings of the Second Convention of the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica. Hakone, October 5-8, 1986. PMID- 3481936 TI - Plasticity of cortical function related to voluntary movement motor learning and compensation following brain dysfunction. AB - Processes of motor learning and of compensation after localized brain dysfunction were studied in the monkey tasked with conditioned (visually-initiated, reaction time) hand movements. Field potentials in various cortical areas of the cerebral hemisphere were recorded successively for many months with electrodes implanted on the surface and in the depth of the cortex. The potentials associated with the conditioned movement were found to change during processes of learning the movement and during courses of degradation as well as recovery after the brain dysfunction. Motor learning of the reaction-time movement can be categorized into "recognition" and "skill" learnings. The former is the process for associating the visual stimulus with the movement and accompanied mainly by increasing activities of prefrontal, premotor and prestriate cortices. The latter is attaining better performances in executing the movement, particularly with shorter and more fixed reaction time, and is accompanied by recruitment of the cerebro-cerebellar interaction. The conditioned movements which had been well established were experimentally disturbed by transient, local cooling of different cortical areas or by cerebellar hemispherectomy. Three possible mechanisms of compensation are proposed as follow: 1. Substitution: Compensation occurring immediately through substitutional neuronal circuits. On transient cooling of the forelimb motor cortex, the somatosensory cortex became predominant in motor function and replaced the disabled motor cortex in executing the reaction-time movement, although activity was weak and slow (paretic but not paralytic). Resection of the cerebellar hemisphere also induced the compensatory motor function of the somatosensory cortex so that the movement could be performed although it was weak, slow and clumsy. 2. Relearning: Compensation by relearning through normally unused neuronal circuits. Prolonged and variable reaction times after cerebellar hemispherectomy persisted when the operation included both dentate and interpositus nuclei but recovered within about three weeks when the interpositus nucleus was preserved. It is suggested that the information processing for the well accomplished reaction-time movement is mainly mediated by the cerebro-cerebellar neuronal circuit including the dentate nucleus but is gradually relearned through the normally unused circuits involving the interpositus nucleus after the dentate nucleus lesion. 3. Rebuilding: Compensation by rebuilt neuronal circuits, e.g., by sprouting and/or regeneration (see S. Kawaguchi in this book). PMID- 3481937 TI - Plasticity of the brain in respect of functional restoration after subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by aneurysmal rupture constitutes a great impact on the brain and on the intracranial content as a whole, with emphasis on the subarachnoid spaces and arteries. The rupture is followed by a wide range of pathological alterations in the neural function and an outcome varying from neglected signs subsiding in a few days to immediate death. Two main factors seem to influence the different events after subarachnoid bleeding. One is the rupture itself which can be extremely variable in severity and in its immediate as well as late consequences. The other is the ability of all parts of the intracranial content to recover. In order to understand either of both the other should also be looked at and both have to be dealt with if we are to treat patients with an aneurysmal rupture properly. For this reason a grading of rupture will be given in respect of some characteristic events in the light of neural restoration. Clearing of CSF, resolution of brain oedema, restoration of impaired CBF, absorption of cisternal and parenchymal haematoma are all of importance. The majority of lesions which developed after the rupture are not fatal or irreversible and even the neural tissue destroyed by the impact or late ischaemia can be functionally replaced. Possible methods of treatment for attaining this functional restoration will be discussed. PMID- 3481938 TI - Molecular events associated with neural development. AB - Analyses of the chick embryo using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) revealed several molecules which were highly concentrated in the nervous tissue. The properties and developmental changes of these substances were investigated. Three acidic proteins (molecular weights 95, 100 and 110 kDa, respectively) appeared characteristically during the embryonic development. One of them predominated alternatively at each developmental stage. They showed a high degree of homology in the peptide map and complete cross-reactivity with any specific antibodies. Therefore these proteins were considered to make a protein family and were collectively named drebrins. MAbs were produced against the membrane fraction of the neural tubes and somites of three-day chick embryos. Five MAbs stained the migrating neural crest cells and their progeny in histochemistry. In addition, the otic vesicle, including the differentiated labyrinth, and subtypes of human lymphocytes were recognized by these MAbs. PMID- 3481939 TI - Transplantation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat. AB - Restoration of the circadian rhythmicity in wheel-running activity was shown in rats with bilateral suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) lesions, after transplantation of the neonatal SCN into the wall of the third ventricle. Free-running circadian rhythms of the wheel-running activity were recorded in young adult rats at least for a month under constant dark condition. Then, bilateral SCNs were completely lesioned electrolytically under deep pentobarbital anaesthesia. After further recording for more than two months without obvious circadian rhythmicity in wheel running activity, the animals were subjected to transplantation of the SCN. SCNs taken from day 1 neonatal rats were transplanted by injecting the grafts into the third ventricle of the host rat under pentobarbital anaesthesia. After recovery from the procedure, the rat was returned to a cage with a running wheel. Food and water were available at all times. Successful transplantation led to restoration of the circadian rhythmicity starting from two weeks and up to three months after the transplantation. To identify the SCN in the transplanted graft, we used an immunohistochemical staining method for the VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and vasopressin. The VIP was located particularly in the ventral area of the SCN, whereas vasopressin was in the dorsal area. In most cases, where circadian rhythmicity was successfully restored, the graft was attached to the caudal wall of the third ventricle. PMID- 3481940 TI - Self-organizing neural network models for visual pattern recognition. AB - Two neural network models for visual pattern recognition are discussed. The first model, called a "neocognitron", is a hierarchical multilayered network which has only afferent synaptic connections. It can acquire the ability to recognize patterns by "learning-without-a-teacher": the repeated presentation of a set of training patterns is sufficient, and no information about the categories of the patterns is necessary. The cells of the highest stage eventually become "gnostic cells", whose response shows the final result of the pattern-recognition of the network. Pattern recognition is performed on the basis of similarity in shape between patterns, and is not affected by deformation, nor by changes in size, nor by shifts in the position of the stimulus pattern. The second model has not only afferent but also efferent synaptic connections, and is endowed with the function of selective attention. The afferent and the efferent signals interact with each other in the hierarchical network: the efferent signals, that is, the signals for selective attention, have a facilitating effect on the afferent signals, and at the same time, the afferent signals gate efferent signal flow. When a complex figure, consisting of two patterns or more, is presented to the model, it is segmented into individual patterns, and each pattern is recognized separately. Even if one of the patterns to which the models is paying selective attention is affected by noise or defects, the model can "recall" the complete pattern from which the noise has been eliminated and the defects corrected. PMID- 3481941 TI - Visual cortical plasticity in infant kittens. AB - The visual cortex of the cat is characterized by marked modifiability of neuronal responsiveness by visual experience in infancy, and stereotyped pattern of functional architectures in adulthood. The question of how the plasticity of the infant visual cortex is compatible with the regular patterns of the adult visual cortex has been a central problem of the brain neuroscience. This question was answered by quantifying the plasticity in the visual cortical circuitry of the infant kittens as changes in synaptic transmission produced after conditioning stimulation of the visual pathway. The results indicate that the solution of this question is the heterogeneous distribution of the synaptic plasticity in the infant visual cortex: the plasticity is not uniformly present in the visual cortical circuitry, but is limited only to a part of the circuitry (the cortico cortical synapses in the supragranular layers). Therefore, the visual function (photic responsiveness) may be learned during the postnatal life of the kittens by the supragranular cells with plastic synapses, while the other cortical cells with fewer plastic synapses put prenatally designed constraints on the learning, so that the learning yields the adult cortical circuitry with regular patterns of organization. PMID- 3481942 TI - Morphological aspects of formation of neuronal pathways in the chick spinal cord- Golgi and electron microscopic studies. AB - The early formation of neuronal connections in the cervical cord of chick embryos at stages 17 to 31 was studied by observing axonal courses with Golgi preparations and the distribution of synapses with electron microscopy. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Synaptic contacts between spinal interneurons and ipsilateral as well as contralateral motor neurons first develop at stage 22. The early central pathways from the dorsal root to the ventral root may be formed at stage 25 with intervention of interneurons of the primordial dorsal horn, which is composed of neurons of the zona spongiosa and the nucleus proprius of the dorsal horn, and at stage 27 with the intervention of interneurons of the zona intermedia, the nucleus proprius of the ventral horn and the primordial dorsal horn as well. 2. These polysynaptic, bilateral central pathways appear to be established just before the arrival of supraspinal descending fibres at the cervical cord, and one or two days before the formation of ipsilateral monosynaptic spinal reflex arch. 3. These early spinal central pathways are connected by synapses with spherical synaptic vesicles, and almost all of these synapses are of the axo-dendritic type and located in the spinal white matter. PMID- 3481943 TI - Recovery of brain function after ischaemia. AB - Experimental evidence has recently suggested that early reperfusion following at least focal cerebral ischaemia is accompanied by a return of function which has apparently been suspended during the ischaemic period. The experimental evidence for this is presented. Clinical correlates of this reversible ischaemia sometimes referred to as "penumbral ischaemia" are well known in relation to aneurysm surgery. Several examples are presented in this paper. It is also clear that less easily documented and verifiable recovery from long-term ischaemia may occur in neurosurgery and in interesting case suggestive of this is presented. It involved a middle cerebral occlusion which occurred during the excision of a large meningioma. PMID- 3481944 TI - [Technological profiles of the 3d millenium]. PMID- 3481945 TI - [Esthetic dentistry: a way of looking above all!]. PMID- 3481946 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the fluorotic tooth and the clinical consequences]. PMID- 3481947 TI - [Treatment of oral leukoplakia using drug iontophoresis]. PMID- 3481949 TI - [Hypotensive syndrome during dorsal decubitus of pregnant women in the dental office]. PMID- 3481948 TI - [Fluoride and pregnancy]. PMID- 3481950 TI - [Caries dissolution: clinical sequence]. PMID- 3481951 TI - [Surface conditions after in vivo treatment of carious deciduous teeth with the Caridex system]. PMID- 3481952 TI - [Dysfunction and contradiction in cephalometry]. PMID- 3481953 TI - Prostaglandins and cellular reaction in uterine flushings. I. Effect of IUD insertion. AB - Uterine prostaglandin (PG) levels and cellular reaction in response to IUDs were elevated in sixty women. Short-term users (n = 30) were studied in a control cycle and 3 months after IUD insertion, and long-term users (n = 30) were studied at least 2 years after device insertion. A uterine wash was performed in the proliferative and luteal phase of each investigated menstrual cycle; the cellular components were counted and levels of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and their 13,14-dihydro-15 keto metabolites measured. A significant rise in PG levels was observed in the uterine wash shortly after IUD insertion, particularly in the luteal phase. However, there was a significant reduction in PG levels among long-term users, though the cellular reaction showed a continued increment. The absence of correlation between the biochemical and biological responses indicated that neither of them was totally dependent on the other. The decreased PG levels among long-term users does not support the concept of a key role for these substances in the mechanism of action of IUDs. The temporary post-insertion rise in PG levels coincides with the phase of increased bleeding and pain. PMID- 3481954 TI - Prostaglandins and cellular reaction in uterine flushings. II. Effect of PG synthesis inhibition in IUD users. AB - The effect of oral administration of indomethacin (100 mg/day), a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, on the PG levels and cellular profile in the uterine flushings in response to the use of an IUD (Lippes Loop size C) was studied in sixty women. Indomethacin reduced the cell counts in both follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycles before and after IUD insertion. The anti-inflammatory drug decreased PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels in both phases of the cycle before IUD insertion. After insertion, it inhibited only the formation of PGF2 alpha and its 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolite in the luteal phase but not in the follicular phase. In long-term users, however, the drugs reduced the levels of all PGs studied in the luteal phase and only PGF2 alpha and its metabolite in the follicular phase. The implications of these findings in the mechanisms of contraceptive action of IUDs and their side effects are discussed. PMID- 3481955 TI - [Clinical study of cefotetan in complicated urinary tract infections]. AB - Clinical effectiveness and safety of Cefotetan were evaluated in 28 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The results were excellent in 12 patients (42.9%), moderate in 10 patients (35.7%) and poor in 6 patients (21.6%), and the effectiveness rate was 78.6%. Bacteriologically, 24 (75%) out of 32 strains were eradicated. Subjective side effects, nausea and abdominal discomfort, were observed in one patient. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 6 patients, eosinophilia in 3 patients and slight elevation of transaminase in 3 patients. PMID- 3481956 TI - Genetic polymorphism of esterase B3 in human leukocytes. AB - Human tissues contain an esterase activity called ESB3, detectable by starch gel electrophoresis followed by staining with alpha-naphthyl butyrate. Using mononuclear leukocytes, we demonstrated an electrophoretic variant of ESB3. Family studies suggest that the variant is inherited as a simple Mendelian trait; individuals with the ESB3 2-1 phenotype are heterozygotes, designated ESB3(1)ESB3(2), to distinguish them from the more common homozygotes, ESB3(1)ESB3(1). The frequency of the ESB3(2) allele is estimated to be 0.035 in U.S. Whites. No homozygotes for this allele have yet been found. Our studies suggest that the enzyme from ESB3 1 individuals exists primarily as a trimer of three identical subunits with a molecular weight of approximately 58,000 daltons. The genetic variant (ESB3(2) allele) appears to be the result of a mutation that does not affect the charge of the subunit, but rather reduces its ability to form and maintain the trimeric structure. PMID- 3481957 TI - Regional localization of a human cytochrome P-450 (CYP1) to chromosome 19q13.1 13.3. AB - A phenobarbitone inducible cytochrome P-450 gene family (CYP1) has recently been localized to chromosome 19q13.1-qter. We have used a human liver cDNA probe in in situ hybridization experiments to metaphase chromosomes from two balanced translocation carriers, 46,XX,t(11;19) (q13;q13.1) and 46,XX,t(7;19) (q31.3;q13.3) to obtain a more precise localization. The results suggest a regional assignment for CYP1 to chromosome 19q13.1-13.3. PMID- 3481958 TI - Preliminary studies on cysteine and serine proteinase activities in inflamed human gingiva using different 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin substrates and protease inhibitors. AB - The cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L have collagenolytic potential and so have been implicated in connective-tissue breakdown in chronic periodontitis. Synthetic peptide substrates are often used to detect proteolytic enzymes. The action of homogenates of inflamed gingiva tissue against three such substrates of cathepsin B have been characterized here by protease inhibitors. Using the selective reagents ZPheAlaCHN2, BzValLysLysArgAFC, ZAlaArgArgAFC and ZPheArgAFC were susceptible to both cysteine and non-cysteine proteinase activity; the two types of enzymes had acidic and alkaline pH optima, respectively. The action of other inhibitors at acidic pH indicated the involvement of cathepsin B and, to a lesser extent, cathepsin L. The enzyme active at alkaline pH was a serine proteinase; it resembled glandular kallikrein in its inhibitor response and its ability to hydrolyse a fourth substrate, DValLeuArgAFC, but its greater reactivity with BzValLysLysArgAFC and ZAlaArgArgAFC was not consistent with kallikrein. ZPheArgAFC, though less sensitive than BzValLysLysArgAFC to cysteine proteinase action, was far less susceptible to hydrolysis by the serine proteinase and thus appears the best choice for selective assays of cathepsins B and L. PMID- 3481959 TI - Free amino-acid content of wax-stimulated human whole saliva as related to periodontal disease. AB - This content was analysed in patients with chronic periodontitis and in control subjects. In periodontal disease, it was characterized by higher mean concentrations of glycine, proline, tyrosine and delta-aminovaleric acid than in controls (p less than 0.001). However, the range of values varied considerably in the two groups. There were differences between periodontitis and control samples in the proportions of proline to serine (p less than 0.01) and proline to glutamic acid and glutamine (p less than 0.05). Bacterial contamination and decomposition of salivary proteins is responsible for the elevated salivary levels of glycine, proline, tyrosine and delta-aminovaleric acid in the periodontal group. PMID- 3481960 TI - Electron microscopy of watery vacuole formation in rat parotid acinar cells during reflex stimulation. AB - Reflex stimulation from eating hard chow caused variable degrees of watery vacuolation, most conspicuously in animals that had eaten the most food; this was accentuated by eating in the cold. Some vacuolation occurred in the absence of sympathetic impulses but there was much more in glands receiving both parasympathetic and sympathetic impulses. Vacuole formation was often associated with, but not dependent upon, a degree of acinar degranulation. The vacuoles appeared to originate either from the inner side of the Golgi apparatus, near condensing vacuoles, or from ballooning within the rough endoplasmic reticulum; some vacuoles appeared to arise close to secretory granules. Certain cellular components, including secretory granules, entered the contents of vacuoles, which also often had connections with lumina. Many basally-located vacuoles were large and bounded only by a tenuous layer of cytoplasm which was contained by the basal lamina. Vacuole formation may be related to strong stimulation of susceptible cells, which occurs to a variable extent during natural reflex secretion, as well as during artificial stimulation. Thus, under normal conditions, certain macromolecular components might enter saliva via this route and not solely by exocytosis. Leakages from acinar vacuoles could also occur into the glandular interstices, accounting for some of the parotid amylase found in peripheral blood. PMID- 3481961 TI - Monoamine-containing basal cells in the taste buds of the newt Triturus pyrrhogaster. AB - Monoamine-containing cells were examined by fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. Two or three serotonin-like fluorescent cells were located just above the basal lamina and failed to reach the free surface of the taste bud. Ultrastructurally this cell type was characterized by the presence of dense cored vesicles and finger-like cytoplasmic processes. Many characteristics of Merkel cells were present. PMID- 3481962 TI - Strychnine-enhanced transsynaptic destruction of medullary dorsal horn neurones following transection of the trigeminal nerve in adult rats including evidence of involvement of the bony environment of the transection neuroma in the peripheral mechanism. AB - Following transection of a nerve, strychnine (1 mg/kg per day) was intraperitoneally injected for 3-23 days at various post-transectional intervals and the medullary and spinal dorsal horns were histologically examined. Strychnine-enhanced transsynaptic destruction was seen when the inferior alveolar nerve was transected and the proximal stump was left in situ in the mandibular canal. Pyknotic neuronal cell bodies were observed in the dorsal half of the medullary dorsal horn ipsilateral to the nerve transection, an area which is known to receive dense innervation from the ipsilateral inferior alveolar nerve. Three days of strychnine treatment revealed pyknotic cells when the experiment was terminated between 18 and 30 days postoperatively. A longer period of strychnine treatment had a tendency to produce more pyknotic cells. Transection of neither mental, lingual, auriculotemporal nor infraorbital nerve induced strychnine-enhanced transsynaptic destruction in the medullary and spinal dorsal horns which are known to receive primary input from the severed nerves. Strychnine-enhanced transsynaptic destruction following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve was effectively prevented by placing the proximal stump outside the mandibular canal. PMID- 3481963 TI - Effect of different combinations of calcium, magnesium and phosphate on the inorganic composition of rat molars in vitro. AB - Second upper molars from 3-day-old rats were cultured by the Trowell method for 14 days. One of each pair of molars was kept as an uncultured control; the other was cultured. Explants were exposed to eight different combinations of Ca, Mg and P additions to BGJb medium. This resulted in eight groups of explants (control, Ca, Mg, P, CaMg, CaP, PMg and CaMgP) and their eight uncultured contralateral groups. The additions were calculated to double the original measured media concentration. Cultured and uncultured germs were analysed for dry weight (D), ash weight (A), Ca, Mg and P content. The organic fraction (D-A) was calculated. The analysis of covariance by means of multiple regression revealed that Ca addition to the culture medium stimulated D, A, Ca and P in the explants; P addition was stimulatory for D, A, D-A and P whereas Mg addition was inhibitory for A, D-A and Ca. A positive interaction for all the tooth-germ variables was demonstrated after CaMg addition; an antagonistic effect was found for the tooth germ variables D, A, Ca and P after CaP addition. The value of the tooth-germ variables at the time of explantation (covariate) had no significant effect on the value for the variables of the explants (except on their P content). The highest absolute values for all the variables were obtained after CaMg and CaMgP additions. Furthermore, taking into consideration morphological results, the addition of CaMgP can be recommended as medium supplement in the organ culture of rat tooth germs. PMID- 3481964 TI - Cranial suture growth as correlated with weight gain in rabbits. AB - The association of skull growth to weight gain is essential in biometric investigations for correct interpretation of registered results. This was studied in 16 male New Zealand white rabbits aged between 32 and 143 days using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis for measurements of cranial suture growth increments and an accurate scale for weight controls. Skull growth decreased continuously with time apart from the first interval; weight changes varied. Calculated coefficients of determination, linear regressions, and the correlation coefficients for each age interval demonstrated weak correlations. No significant difference between the facial and neurocranial skeleton relative to weight was discerned. The low dependence of cranial variables on weight, as well as the fluctuating weight development, imply a need of great wariness in assessing health conditions by weight registration solely. PMID- 3481965 TI - Lingual changes in ageing mice by light- and scanning electron-microscopy. AB - Tongues from young, old and senescent Swiss-Webster white mice were compared. Sections and tissues were taken from the anterior, posterior, and ventral regions. The epithelium became atrophic and hyperkeratotic in the senescent animals. The filiform papillae were blunted, atrophic and disorganized across the entire dorsal surface in the older animals. The ventral aspect in the senescent animals had thinning epithelium, a hyperchromatic germinal layer, and a roughened, disorganized surface. PMID- 3481966 TI - Distribution of fluoride across human dental enamel, dentine and cementum. AB - This was determined across the entire width of sections from 20 mandibular premolars, containing enamel, coronal dentine, root dentine and cementum. An abrasive technique was used to sample all three dental tissues in a single experiment. In the profiles of fluoride distribution, fluoride concentration was thus precisely related to the position of the tissue sample. There was a marked increase in the fluoride content of coronal and root dentine, at least until the age of about 50 years. There had been uptake of fluoride by the root dentine and cementum throughout the life of the tooth. There was no evidence of any change in the fluoride content of enamel with age. PMID- 3481967 TI - mRNA characterization of human fetal enamel matrix. AB - Preliminary characterization of the human enamel matrix at 16-18 weeks in utero was performed. Using an homogenizing buffer, the proteins were extracted and analysed by gel electrophoresis. Total cellular RNA was isolated and the cell free mRNA translated. The major component was a 68,000 protein with an enamelin like amino-acid composition. Other translation products included a 55,000 polypeptide and lower mol. wt components of 26,000, 22,000 and 20,000 size of amelogenin size. It is suggested that high mol. wt component in the enamelin range is the most prevalent at the early stage of human tooth development. PMID- 3481968 TI - 36Cl fluxes in dispersed-cell aggregates of the submandibular salivary gland of early postnatal rats. AB - Salivary cells were isolated from the gland of rats (1, 7, 14 and 21 days old) by enzymic digestion. They formed small aggregates with typical morphological characteristics and were functional units with characteristic 36Cl fluxes. The rates of isotopic uptake in the absence of secretagogue (basal uptake) were similar at all ages. Uptake was time-dependent, leading to a steady-state isotope content of 6.7-8.9 nmol/mg protein after 3-5 min of incubation. 36Cl accumulation (uptake) in the unstimulated condition was inhibited 33-39 per cent by exposure to 1 mM furosemide at all ages, but was reduced significantly less (50 per cent) by 1 microM acetylcholine in cells of 1-day-old animals than in older ones. In aggregates exposed to 36Cl for 12 min (preloaded with tracer), acetylcholine caused a net efflux of isotope which was significantly less in cells of 1-day-old rats (18 versus 35 per cent in cells of older animals). Thus it was shown (1) that functional cell aggregates can be obtained from early postnatal rats; (2) that when not stimulated, their time-dependent Cl accumulation is partially inhibited by loop diuretics, and so likely to involve a cation/anion cotransport system; and (3) that Cl efflux, which may occur by way of membrane channels, is significantly reduced early in the postnatal period. The putative Cl channels are therefore either not fully developed, or they do not become responsive to stimulation until later. This reduced Cl efflux could be related to differences in Ca2+ mobilization at early and late phases of postnatal glandular development as Cl efflux is a Ca2+-dependent phenomenon in salivary cells. PMID- 3481969 TI - Calcium distribution in true odontoblasts of the fish Hoplognathus fasciatus at dentine mineralization stage. AB - Ultrastructural localization of calcium was investigated using the potassium pyroantimonate technique. The calcium distribution pattern in true odontoblasts differed from that of odontoblasts of mammals and was similar to that of mammalian osteoblasts. PMID- 3481970 TI - Variation in alkaline-phosphatase activity with changing load on the mandibular condylar cartilage in the rat. AB - Biomechanical loads were varied by feeding diets of different consistencies. One group was fed hard diet for eight weeks, a second soft diet for eight weeks, and a third soft diet for four weeks followed by four weeks of hard diet. In all groups, alkaline-phosphatase activity was localized primarily in cells and extracellular matrix of the hypertrophic zone, and in cells lining trabeculae of the subcondylar bone. The staining intensity in the hypertrophic zone was slightly less in the soft-diet and soft/hard-diet groups than in the hard-diet group. The thickness of the cell layer staining positively for alkaline phosphatase was significantly less in the soft-diet group than in the hard- and soft/hard-diet groups. PMID- 3481971 TI - Alkaline phosphatase in the periodontal ligament of the rabbit and macaque monkey. AB - This enzyme's specific activity was high in the periodontal ligament with other tissues in both species, but much higher in the rabbit. The alkaline phosphatase in the rabbit ligament is a liver/kidney/bone form and not an intestinal one. PMID- 3481972 TI - The Brisbane Statistical Division survey of adult dental health 1984. 1. Design of survey and subject response. PMID- 3481973 TI - Endodontic awareness amongst general practitioners in Victoria. A postal survey. PMID- 3481975 TI - Provisional coronal build-up of posterior teeth for endodontic treatment. Case report. PMID- 3481974 TI - Bilateral Bell's palsy: current concepts in aetiology and treatment. Case report. PMID- 3481976 TI - Tooth wear and bruxism: a sleep laboratory investigation. PMID- 3481977 TI - Tooth replantation: 11-year follow-up. PMID- 3481978 TI - Survey of Dental Health Week in Queensland 1985 and 1986. PMID- 3481980 TI - Local anaesthetic. PMID- 3481979 TI - The relationships between prevalence of caries, percentage with active caries, and caries severity. PMID- 3481981 TI - [The development of the profession of oral and maxillofacial surgery in the past 10 years]. PMID- 3481982 TI - [Principles of the clinical application of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in oral medicine. I: Basic principles of MRT]. PMID- 3481983 TI - [Principles of the clinical application of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in oral medicine. II: Clinical application of MRT]. PMID- 3481984 TI - [The "German Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery" as a mirror of the developments in the profession from 1977 to 1985]. PMID- 3481985 TI - [A latent bone cavity, a case of rare location]. PMID- 3481986 TI - [Incidence and location of metastases in tumors of the head and neck at the time of death]. PMID- 3481987 TI - [Comparative studies of the pretreatment and histopathological N-classification of lower lip carcinomas]. PMID- 3481988 TI - [Pulse rate changes in attending surgeons during oral surgical activities]. PMID- 3481989 TI - [An alpha-modified tricalcium phosphate-ceramic for filling large bone defects after cystectomy in the anterior maxillary region. A report of clinical experiences]. PMID- 3481990 TI - [Marginal and para-marginal incision guides in apicoectomy]. PMID- 3481991 TI - [Comparative study of periodontal health following apicoectomy of the upper anterior teeth]. PMID- 3481992 TI - [Methods and results of a replantable bone lid in the apicoectomy of lower molars]. PMID- 3481993 TI - [Odontomas and their sequelae]. PMID- 3481994 TI - [Relation of alveolitis after tooth extraction and extraction trauma]. PMID- 3481995 TI - [Functional reconstruction of the mouth floor after radical tumor surgery]. PMID- 3481996 TI - [Is the risk of a local injection of ornipressin during general anesthesia justifiable?]. PMID- 3481998 TI - [Results of reconstruction with bridging plates after mandibular tumor resection]. PMID- 3481997 TI - [The effect of local anesthesia with or without vasoconstrictors on heart rate and blood pressure]. PMID- 3482000 TI - [Hairy leukoplakia (AIDS). Clinical aspects and morphology]. PMID- 3481999 TI - [Experiences with Champy/Lodde osteosynthesis plates in mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3482001 TI - [Microvascular surgery in irradiated areas. Experimental animal results and clinical relevance]. PMID- 3482002 TI - [A method for improving nasal breathing in presurgical cleft patients]. PMID- 3482003 TI - [Clinical and histological problems in eosinophilic granulomas]. PMID- 3482004 TI - [Severe osteoma development in the base of the skull]. PMID- 3482005 TI - [The transposition of completely developed 3d molars following resection of its root tip]. PMID- 3482006 TI - [The filling of bone defects in the jaw with collagen fleece]. PMID- 3482007 TI - [Transport proteins for vitamin A. Retinol binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin (PA) in the serum of patients with carcinomas of the mouth]. PMID- 3482008 TI - [Power saw injuries to the left side of the face including a cut through the parotid duct and branches of the facial nerve]. PMID- 3482009 TI - [Review of the literature on fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws]. PMID- 3482010 TI - [Clinical aspects of so-called fibro-cemento-osseous lesions of the jaw]. PMID- 3482011 TI - [Clinical pathology and differential diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the maxillofacial area--new aspects]. PMID- 3482012 TI - [Ultrastructural pathology of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaw]. PMID- 3482013 TI - [Classification of fibromatous lesions of the jaw with hard tissue formation--new aspects]. PMID- 3482014 TI - [The problems of pathohistological diagnosis in comparison with clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic findings in fibro-osseous lesions of the jaw]. PMID- 3482015 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of bone in the oro-maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3482016 TI - [Ossifying and cementifying fibroma in clinical and radiographic comparison]. PMID- 3482017 TI - [Clinical and histological characteristics of psammous desmo-osteoblastomas]. PMID- 3482018 TI - [3-dimensional reconstruction of a juvenile ossifying fibroma. A spatial histological study of pathogenesis--a case report]. PMID- 3482020 TI - [Desmoplastic fibroma in the mandibular area. A case report]. PMID- 3482019 TI - [Cherubism. Clinical and morphological studies]. PMID- 3482021 TI - [Cemento-fibrous dysplasia in the periodontium of the incisors of the European common hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.)]. PMID- 3482022 TI - [Typing of benign and malignant bone lesions using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3482023 TI - [The distribution of the basal membrane constituents of collagen type IV and laminin in oral squamous cell carcinomas]. PMID- 3482024 TI - [Cutaneous and oral ulcerative miliary tuberculosis with overt pulmonary tuberculosis and lupus vulgaris]. PMID- 3482025 TI - [Acute traumatic sialadenitis of the labial and buccal minor salivary glands]. PMID- 3482026 TI - [Inflammatory and traumatic pulp lesions]. PMID- 3482028 TI - [Proton spin tomography diagnosis of a metastasizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A case study]. PMID- 3482027 TI - [The posttraumatic intra- and post-saccule dacryostenosis]. PMID- 3482029 TI - [The effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on blood coagulation during maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3482030 TI - [Clinical aspects and morphology of Merkel's cell tumors]. PMID- 3482031 TI - [The Le Clerc-Gerard arthroereisis of the temporomandibular joint in the treatment of habitual luxation. Instrumentation and results]. PMID- 3482032 TI - [Advances in the specialty of oncology of the oral and maxillofacial region 1975 1985]. PMID- 3482033 TI - [The value of cytophotometric DNA measurements and interference microscopy of nuclear dry mass analysis in carcinomas of the mouth]. PMID- 3482034 TI - [Long-term results with the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in the postsurgical course of patients with carcinomas of the mouth]. PMID- 3482036 TI - [Warthin's tumor (cystadenolymphoma). Report on 43 cases]. PMID- 3482035 TI - [Optimization of the growth capacity of cell explants from carcinomas of the mouth in an anti-oncogram. A contribution toward the planning of cytostatic chemotherapy]. PMID- 3482038 TI - [The screw-plate system for maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3482037 TI - [The induction of experimental fractures in the mandibles of dogs]. PMID- 3482040 TI - [Orofacial changes in beta-thalassemia major]. PMID- 3482039 TI - [The cervicofacial cheek flap rotation]. PMID- 3482042 TI - [A demonstration model for panoramic radiography. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3482041 TI - [Atypical manifestations of Yersinia enterocolitica arthritis in the temporomandibular joint--a case report]. PMID- 3482043 TI - [Cleft patients in belles lettres. Cleft patients are better than their reputations]. PMID- 3482044 TI - [The psychosocial situation of patients with cleft lip, jaw and palate]. PMID- 3482045 TI - [Simultaneous correction of jaw and nose deformities]. PMID- 3482046 TI - [Enlargement of the nasal base following the correction of maxillary malocclusions]. PMID- 3482047 TI - [Temporal muscle bilobed flap for the repair of major central maxillary defects]. PMID- 3482048 TI - Acrocephalosyndactyly: comparison of morphometric measurements in Pfeiffer, Saethre-Chotzen, Carpenter and Apert syndrome. PMID- 3482049 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the mouth. Clinical and electron microscopy findings]. PMID- 3482050 TI - [Anatomical studies of the vascular supply of the maxilla]. PMID- 3482052 TI - Partial purification of prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase and prostaglandin-15 hydroxydehydrogenase from ovarian tissues of rabbits. AB - Prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase (PGE2-9-KR) and prostaglandin-15 hydroxydehydrogenase (PG-15-HDH) have been purified 25.0- and 15.4-fold, respectively. The rate equations of the enzyme reaction for two substrates were used for the determination of kinetic constants. The Michaelis constant, Km, for PGE2 was 122 microM for the PGE2-9-KR and 8 microM for the PG-15-HDH. The presence of both enzymes in ovarian tissues of rabbits indicate that these tissues may be able to synthesize and metabolize PGF2 alpha. PMID- 3482051 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with diskopathies]. PMID- 3482053 TI - [Quantitative chemical analysis of osteosarcoma and its neighboring "normal" diaphyseal bone by the method of inductively coupled plasma: atomic emission spectrometry]. PMID- 3482054 TI - [Radionuclide imaging of inflammatory foci by 99m-Tc leukocyte labeling--a new research method]. PMID- 3482055 TI - [Evaluation of the criteria for pilot tolerance to G force acceleration]. PMID- 3482057 TI - [Immunologic basis of the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity vasculitis and its clinical significance. Relation between immune complexes in the circulation and in tissues]. PMID- 3482056 TI - [Effect of analgesic doses of butorphanol on the cardiocirculatory and respiratory systems in surgical patients in shock]. PMID- 3482059 TI - [The personality of young drug addicts in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 3482058 TI - [Comparative reactivation efficacy of the oximes HI-6 and HGG-12 in the central nervous system and blood of rats poisoned with nerve gases used in warfare]. PMID- 3482060 TI - [Study of morphologic changes in acquired heart valve defects]. PMID- 3482061 TI - [The effect of inhibition and activation of ali-esterase on the acute toxicity of organophosphates in rats]. PMID- 3482063 TI - [The effect of standards of living factors on the spread of strongyloidosis in schoolchildren in the community of Srebrenik]. PMID- 3482062 TI - [Rodenticidal effects of alpha-chlorohydrin glycerin in albino Rattus norvegicus rats]. PMID- 3482064 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of naloxone on traumatic shock and the metabolism of biogenic amines in the brain of rats]. PMID- 3482065 TI - [The bronchial provocation test with histamine in the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of asthma]. PMID- 3482066 TI - Effect of antispermatogenic agents on kinetic studies of 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 3482067 TI - [Role of the orthodontist in diagnosis and therapy of dysfunction]. PMID- 3482069 TI - [The Bass appliance. I. Form and construction of Bass appliance]. PMID- 3482068 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy after loss of the 1st molar]. PMID- 3482070 TI - [The Bass appliance. II. Orthodontic diagnosis and use of the appliance]. PMID- 3482071 TI - [The Bass appliance. III. Treatment and care of cases]. PMID- 3482072 TI - [A new study of positions, in which leveling of mandibular dental arch was required]. PMID- 3482073 TI - [Myofunctional therapy]. PMID- 3482074 TI - [Principles of orthodontic treatment of Class II/1 malocclusions with premolar extraction]. PMID- 3482075 TI - [Iatrogenic failure]. PMID- 3482076 TI - [Psychological factors in pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system]. PMID- 3482077 TI - [Joint-related cephalometry]. PMID- 3482079 TI - Overcoming resistance to fees. PMID- 3482078 TI - Chronic granulocytic leukaemia in a haemophiliac. PMID- 3482080 TI - Air-rotor stripping update. PMID- 3482081 TI - Begg reverse torquing auxiliary. PMID- 3482082 TI - An insurance "superbill". PMID- 3482083 TI - Bioprogressive simplified. Part 3. Nonextraction therapy. PMID- 3482084 TI - 1987 JCO orthodontic practice study. Part 1. Trends. PMID- 3482085 TI - Orthodontic office design. Acoustical surface treatments. PMID- 3482086 TI - Countdown to retention. PMID- 3482087 TI - The five-cent tooth positioner. PMID- 3482088 TI - Centrically related cephalometrics. PMID- 3482089 TI - Removable plastic Herbst retainer. PMID- 3482091 TI - Enhanced office automation. PMID- 3482090 TI - Template analysis. PMID- 3482092 TI - Bioprogressive simplified. Part 1. Diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID- 3482093 TI - The straight-wire appliance 17 years later. PMID- 3482094 TI - 1987 JCO orthodontic practice study. Part 2. Practice success. PMID- 3482095 TI - Dentofacial deformities related to midface deficiencies. Integrated orthodontic surgical correction. PMID- 3482096 TI - An in vitro comparison of the step-back technique versus a step-back/ultrasonic technique for 1 and 3 minutes. PMID- 3482097 TI - Microbiological evaluation of the Unitek Obtura heated gutta-percha delivery system. PMID- 3482098 TI - Identification of inflammatory cells in developing rat periapical lesions. PMID- 3482099 TI - The synergistic relationship between ultrasound and sodium hypochlorite: a scanning electron microscope evaluation. PMID- 3482100 TI - Retrograde instrumentation and obturation with new devices. PMID- 3482101 TI - An in vitro study of the pathfinding ability of a new automated handpiece. PMID- 3482102 TI - An in vitro comparison study to quantitate the debridement ability of hand, sonic, and ultrasonic instrumentation. PMID- 3482103 TI - Evaluation of heat transfer during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized gutta-percha. Part II. In vivo response to heat levels generated. PMID- 3482105 TI - Experimental procedure to test the efficacy of chemical agents in altering intradental nerve activity. PMID- 3482104 TI - Endodontic retreatment: evaluation of gutta-percha and sealer removal and canal reinstrumentation. PMID- 3482106 TI - Treatment of dens invaginatus by endodontic therapy, apicocurettage, and retrofilling. PMID- 3482107 TI - A clinical aid for bending endodontic instruments. PMID- 3482109 TI - [The treatment and neurological complications in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3482110 TI - [Association of cytogenetic findings with clinical courses in patients with erythroleukemia (M6)]. PMID- 3482108 TI - Prolongation of life span of dystrophic hamster by cysteine proteinase inhibitor, loxistation (EST). AB - We studied the effect of loxistation (EST), an orally applicable cysteine proteinase inhibitor, on dystrophic hamsters, UM-X7.1.E-64-c, an active form of EST, was continuously found in plasma when the feed containing EST was given ad libitum. The drug concentration in plasma of dystrophic hamsters receiving EST feed showed distinct dose dependency. A diet containing EST from weaning to death significantly prolonged the survival period of the dystrophic hamsters. PMID- 3482111 TI - [Two cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia with marked basophilia--a variant type of APL with the capability of differentiating into basophils]. PMID- 3482112 TI - [Acute monocytic leukemia with Auer rods in reticulum cell]. PMID- 3482114 TI - [A case of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) complicated with multiple liver abscesses due to fungus infection treated with miconazole]. PMID- 3482113 TI - [An acute leukemia case with complex karyotype abnormalities and marked thrombocythemia]. PMID- 3482116 TI - [Clonal analysis in polyphenotypic leukemia and characteristics of leukemic cells]. PMID- 3482115 TI - [Leukemic optic neuropathy of an adult case in remission of acute myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3482117 TI - [Major histocompatibility complex and molecular structure of T-cell receptor interactions]. PMID- 3482118 TI - [The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the muscles of the pregnant and nonpregnant human uterus and its suppression with indomethacin]. PMID- 3482119 TI - [Prostaglandins in the feto-placental circulation]. PMID- 3482120 TI - [Fluoroquinolones]. AB - We reviewed, the structure, pharmacokinetic properties, mode of actions, antibacterial spectrum, therapeutic dosage and side effects of fluoroquinolones in this article. PMID- 3482122 TI - [Evaluation of the energy of the stabilization of the transitional state due to hydrogen bonds in the active site of serine proteases]. AB - Using the semiempirical MNDO method, several systems simulating the active site of serine proteases have been studied. The stabilization energy was found to depend strongly on the nucleophilicity of the attacking group. The decrease of the activation energy has been estimated as 9 kcal/mole. It was shown that the substrate distortion does not vary with forming of hydrogen bonds. PMID- 3482123 TI - [Consistent diagnosis and treatment planning for appliance and surgical orthodontics]. PMID- 3482124 TI - [Gold foil fillings today]. PMID- 3482125 TI - [Balanced movements instead of cramps. Daily exercise helps prevent common occupational stresses]. PMID- 3482121 TI - [Genetic engineering of peptide hormones. I. Cloning and primary structure of cDNA of chicken growth hormone]. AB - The cDNA coding for the chicken growth hormone was cloned and sequenced. The 795 base pairs long cDNA insert contains a 5'-untranslated region (35 b.p.), a sequence coding for precursor of growth hormone (648 b.p.), a 3'-untranslated region (96 b.p.) and a poly(A)-tail (16 b.p.). Comparison of the cDNA sequence cloned by us with that published earlier revealed several differences including the additional unique HinfI site at the position corresponding to codons for Leu 87 and Thr-88. PMID- 3482126 TI - [Health risks due to catalytic agents?]. PMID- 3482127 TI - [Odontogenic purulent infections: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3482128 TI - [Dental and oral hygiene: possibilities of fluoride use]. PMID- 3482129 TI - Adult Gaucher disease in association with acute leukaemia. AB - A non-Jewish patient diagnosed as having Gaucher disease at the age of 67 is described. Fourteen months after presentation he was diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukaemia. A possible association between Gaucher disease and acute myeloid leukaemia is suggested. PMID- 3482130 TI - Dietary biotin effects on polyunsaturated fatty acids in chick tissue lipids and prostaglandin E2 levels in freeze-clamped hearts. AB - Chicks were fed a purified diet with 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 micrograms/kg diet of added biotin to determine the effects of biotin deficiency on polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissue lipids. Body weight was reduced by biotin deficiency and liver and heart biotin levels varied with the biotin in the diet. Fatty acids in liver and lung from biotin-deficient chicks at 15 days contained elevated (P less than .03) 18:3 omega 3 and 18:2 omega 6 but prostaglandin precursors 20:3 omega 6 and 20:4 omega 6 were reduced (P less than .03) in liver lipids. Heart tissues from 15-day-old chicks fed the biotin-deficient diet were low (P less than .03) in 20:3 omega 6. Feeding acetylsalicylic acid in diets containing added biotin (0, 100, 400, and 500 micrograms/kg) did not significantly alter fatty acid levels in chick tissue lipids but significantly reduced plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Biotin deficiency reduced heart PGE2 levels in 22-day-old chicks. An 8-h fast reduced (P less than .04) 20:4 omega 6 in chick heart total fatty acids. PMID- 3482132 TI - [A trial of an automatic sensor-controlled electronic exposure unit for dental x ray film]. PMID- 3482131 TI - [Therapy of patients with myeloid leukemia with small doses of cytosine arabinoside]. AB - A total of 45 patients were given cytosar and daunorubicin therapy at small doses. Of them 23 patients were with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, 12--with hemopoietic dysplasia, and 10--with chronic myeloid leukemia. Cytosar was injected subcutaneously every 12 h at a dose of 10 mg/m2 for 10-25 days, daunorubicin was injected intravenously by drop infusion at a dose of 5 mg/m2. Clinicohematological remission was obtained in 13 patients, clinicohematological improvement in 16. Thus, a positive effect was achieved in 29 patients (64%). The authors provided some data on the influence of small doses of cytosar and daunorubicin on cell maturation in vitro. PMID- 3482133 TI - [The possibilities of functional bite analysis and its present limitations]. PMID- 3482134 TI - [Priorities in interdisciplinary treatment planning]. PMID- 3482136 TI - [Differential system of forces in the uprighting of molars]. PMID- 3482135 TI - [A comparison of the plaque pH-time profiles in preschool children after the consumption of apples and carbohydrate-rich food items]. PMID- 3482138 TI - [3-dimensional location of the upper 2d molars after the termination of orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3482137 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy findings in apicoectomized teeth]. PMID- 3482139 TI - [Measurement of force and torque rates for the correction of vertically uprighting the anterior teeth]. PMID- 3482140 TI - [The post-extraction pain syndrome--variant forms and therapy]. PMID- 3482141 TI - [The clinical use of lip bumpers]. PMID- 3482142 TI - [Jaw and occlusal anomalies in progressive muscular dystrophy (Erb-Duchenne)]. PMID- 3482143 TI - [Electromyographic studies in bruxism]. PMID- 3482144 TI - [Osteosynthesis in mandibular body fractures with and without condylar fractures- a functional analysis]. PMID- 3482145 TI - Immunological approaches to normal and abnormal megakaryopoiesis--effects of monoclonal antibody and autoantibody against platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on the growth of megakaryocytic progenitors. PMID- 3482146 TI - Characterization of a panel of highly variable minisatellites cloned from human DNA. AB - Five of the most variable loci detected in human DNA by hybridization with DNA fingerprint probes have been cloned and characterized. Each locus consists of a tandem-repetitive minisatellite, with repeat units ranging in length from 9 to 45 base pairs depending on the locus. All of these cloned minisatellites act as locus-specific hybridization probes, and detect extremely variable Mendelian loci with heterozygosities ranging from 90 to 99%. These five hypervariable loci, together with a previously-isolated minisatellite designated p lambda g3, are dispersed over four autosomes (chromosomes 1, 5, 7 and 12). Syntenic pairs on chromosomes 1 and 7 show no detectable pair-wise linkage, and thus these hypervariable loci show no evidence of clustering within the genome and should provide valuable markers for mapping inherited disease. The locus-specific minisatellites act as very sensitive hybridization probes, and can be pooled to detect several hypervariable loci simultaneously. The applications of these probes in individual identification, paternity testing and analysis of cell chimaerism are discussed, and are illustrated by an analysis of forensic specimens from two victims who had been sexually assaulted and murdered. PMID- 3482147 TI - Linked polymorphic DNA markers in the prediction of X-linked muscular dystrophy. AB - Ten polymorphic DNA markers, including gene specific markers of loci DXS164 and DXS206, were tested for allele frequencies, degree of heterozygosity and linkage in 34 Finnish families with X-linked muscular dystrophy. With the exception of the BamHI RFLP of DXS164 subclone pERT87-15, allele frequencies and the degree of heterozygosity failed to show any significant deviation from the data published elsewhere. We document a high degree of linkage disequilibrium between several RFLPs belonging to locus DXS164. Our linkage data include one recombination between DMD and DXS164 enabling a tentative location of the mutation site distal to DXS164. The maximum lod score for linkage between the disease locus and DX164 was 7.828 at a recombination fraction of 0.02. According to our data DXS28 and DXS43 may be located further away from the disease locus than previously thought. We use only gene specific markers for genetic counselling. Excluding deletions, 97.1% of women were heterozygous for at least one such marker. A diagnostic procedure in which useful information can be obtained in over 90% of all diagnostic situations, using only four filters, is proposed. PMID- 3482148 TI - Diversity of some gene frequencies in European and Asian populations. III. Spatial correlogram analysis. AB - The gene frequencies at eight loci in some European and Asian human populations have been subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis, using Geary's c coefficient. Contrary to what is expected for markers affected only by gene flow and genetic drift, the spatial correlograms show distinct modes of gene frequency variation: there are significant clinal patterns (at the GLO and ESD loci), significant non-clinal patterns (AK, ADA, 6-PGD and GPT) and marginally significant patterns (PGP and SOD). Any hypothesis on the evolution of these polymorphisms should account for the observed heterogeneity of their geographical distributions. PMID- 3482149 TI - The influence of synthetic tuftsin and its analogs on the function of granulocytes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The effect of tuftsin, its synthetic analogs and arginine on phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by granulocytes from leukemic children was investigated in vitro. The high stimulatory effect of tuftsin and arginine was shown. The decrease of phagocytosis of PMN from healthy subjects after preincubation with its analogs and arginine was observed, suggesting the regulatory effect of these peptides. PMID- 3482150 TI - A comparison of electromyography recorded parallel and transverse to the fibres of the anterior and posterior temporalis muscle in man. AB - Electrical activity recorded during voluntary clenching by platinum hook intra cutaneous electrodes was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) when the electrodes were placed parallel to the muscle fibres than across the fibres. The correlation between the parallel and transverse EMG recordings was highly significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3482151 TI - The development of mandibular molar tooth germs isografted in the mouse spleen. AB - Tooth germs taken from 13-day-old embryonic mice and isografted in the spleen of adult mice were examined by light and electron microscopy. Well-organized tooth structures from the early cap stage to fully developed and mineralized mature teeth were obtained up to day 60 after transplantation. Germs on day 2 were similar to those prior to the onset of grafting but reached the late cap stage of development on day 4. On day 6, enamel and dentine formation were initiated and inner enamel epithelium and dental papilla cells were polarized. On days 10-15, enamel-matrix secretion was completed and almost all ameloblasts had become resorptive enamel epithelium. India ink injected from the recipient caudal vein accumulated to the capillaries within the pulp throughout the newly-formed vessels. On day 20, defined root formation had begun but occasionally irregular and cellular osteodentine was formed in root areas. On day 30, transplants were covered with reduced enamel epithelium and acellular cementum was formed at the root areas together with rudimentary periodontal ligament fibres. Cellular cementum became thicker up to day 40. There was little evidence of cellular infiltration from recipient tissue up to day 60. The spleen seems to be a suitable site for transplantation of tooth germs. PMID- 3482152 TI - Muscle-fibre architecture of the rat medial pterygoid muscle. AB - The detailed fibre architecture of the rat medial pterygoid muscle, including the courses and attachment points of muscle fibres, was investigated histologically in 10 micron thick serial sections in the horizontal, coronal and parasagittal planes. Four extramuscular tendinous sheets (external aponeuroses) and four intramuscular tendinous sheets (internal aponeuroses) were found. Three of the internal aponeuroses were arranged parallel to the rostro-caudal axis; the other was oblique to the rostro-caudal axis. Muscle fibres were located between internal aponeuroses, between external aponeuroses, between internal and external aponeuroses, between an internal aponeurosis and the periosteum, and between an external aponeurosis and the periosteum. The courses of muscle fibres were divided into three main groups: vertical, rostro-caudal and medio-lateral. Eight compartments were distinguished. The multiple movement of the medial pterygoid muscle seemed to be due to this compartmentalization. These findings suggested that the rat medial pterygoid muscle, like the rat masseter muscle, is mainly composed of multipennate muscles and compartmentalized into many muscle-fibre bundles running in different directions. PMID- 3482153 TI - Actions of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha on release of 14C-labelled mucins from rat submandibular salivary acini in vitro. AB - Mucin secretion was studied in vitro using well-characterized preparations of isolated acini. PGE2 significantly (p less than 0.05) increased release of [14C] glucosamine labelled mucins at the highest concentration tested (10(-5) M), but was ineffective at lower doses (10(-9)-10(-6) M). PGF2 alpha had no effect on mucin secretion over this concentration range. PGE2 (10(-9)-10(-5) M) did not modify isoproterenol stimulated mucin secretion. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-7)-10(-5) M) did not significantly inhibit either isoproterenol or noradrenaline stimulated mucin secretion. Thus it seems that, although PGE2 significantly increases mucin secretion at a high concentration, it is unlikely that prostaglandins play a major role in modulating beta-adrenergic stimulation of mucin secretion in rat submandibular acinar cells. PMID- 3482154 TI - Histomorphometry of age and sex changes in mandibular condyles of young human adults. AB - Changes in cartilage, subchondral bone and their interface were studied using sagittal (6-8 micron thick) sections from the lateral, central, and medial parts of 21 condyles (11 males and 10 females; aged 18-36 years). The presence of undifferentiated mesenchymal (UM) cells in the proliferative zone of the cartilage was noted. Five condyles were judged to be immature because they had hypertrophic cartilage, cartilage resorption and bone formation at the cartilage bone interface, no compact bone in their anterior and the superior regions, and the many cartilage rests in subchondral bone. Four of these immature specimens were from males. Immature specimens had quantitatively thicker cartilage (p less than 0.01), thinner subchondral bone (p less than 0.005), and less bone, more vascular spaces and more cartilage rests, both at the cartilage-bone interface and in the subchondral bone (p less than 0.001). Of the 16 mature condyles, the older had fewer UM cells in the proliferative layer, thicker compact bone (p less than 0.05), less vascular spaces at the cartilage-bone interface (p less than 0.05) and more bone and less vascular spaces in the compact bone (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively). No significant differences were found between mature condyles of males and females, but females had more UM cells, less hyperplastic cartilage and fewer irregularities at the cartilage-bone interface. PMID- 3482155 TI - The diluting effect of saliva on the sucrose concentration in different parts of the human mouth after a mouth-rinse with sucrose. AB - Saliva at four buccal sites [between the upper (UC) and lower (LC) central incisors, and between the upper (UM) and lower (LM) second premolar and first molar], and also whole saliva, was collected from 10 subjects at 0.5, 2.5, 5.5 and 10.5 min after a rinse with 10 ml of 0.3 mol/l sucrose solution. After 0.5 min, unstimulated salivary flow rate was inversely correlated with sucrose concentration in whole saliva (p less than 0.05). Sucrose concentration decreased faster at LC than at other sites. Sucrose dilution at UC and LC was inversely correlated (p less than 0.05) with salivary flow rate at times after 0.5 min. At 10.5 min, the sucrose concentration at all sites was significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with the salivary flow rate. PMID- 3482157 TI - Hemin uptake by erythroleukemic cells treated with iron chelators: effects on the induced expression of differentiated functions. PMID- 3482156 TI - Estrogen sulfotransferase of mouse placenta: behaviour and characteristics during partial purification. AB - Mouse placental estrogen sulfotransferase (ST) was partially purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) gel filtration in combination with FPLC anion exchange. Owing to the highly unstable nature of the enzyme, large increases in specific activity were not obtained. Storage of the ST in the presence of thiol groups at -20 degrees C stabilized the enzyme considerably. Forty-three percent of the cytosolic ST was bound to an Affi-Gel blue column and eluted as a broad peak at approximately 0.8 M NaCl. The use of the latter procedure, in combination with FPLC gel filtration, did not increase the specific activity substantially. Larger increases in specific activity were obtained using agarose-hexane-adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate affinity chromatography. The bound ST activity was eluted under a single peak at 1 mM ADP. Increases in specific activity following use of this column averaged 54-fold but could reach 90-fold. Attempts at further purification of this material resulted in low recovery and decreased specific activity. Velocity versus substrate concentration curves show that estrone and particularly estradiol inhibit the partially purified mouse placental sulfotransferase above 0.1-0.25 microM substrate concentrations. PMID- 3482158 TI - Tetra benzamidine derivatives inhibit hemoglobin accumulation by Friend cells committed to erythroid differentiation by trypsin. PMID- 3482159 TI - Anti HIV-2 serological screening in Portuguese populations native from or having had close contact with Africa. PMID- 3482160 TI - Stages in the progression of HIV infection in chimpanzees. AB - Circulating HIV antigens and HIV specific antibodies in sera of experimentally infected chimpanzees were monitored by ELISA immunoassay, Western blot, and radioimmunoprecipitation procedures. Three of three chimpanzees given plasma from patients with AIDS or ARC tested positive for HIV antigens beginning six to ten weeks after transfusion. Antigen production rose sharply but was of short duration. Despite their proven infectivity and the presence of anti-HIV antibody, all donors to these chimpanzees tested negative for the HIV antigen. Of the three animals that developed HIV antigen one animal did not produce any HIV antibodies or evidence of disease. A second produced antibodies to only the p24 and p18 antigens and remained clinically well. The third produced antibodies beginning with anti-p24, to all the major HIV proteins except gp120, and then developed marked lymphadenopathy which persisted for 32 weeks. Antibody persistence after the disappearance of clinical disease was variable and was greatest for gp41 and least for p24. These data may be of value in the interpretation of human serological testing for HIV and in further studies of the sequence of events leading to the pathological effects of HIV infection. A significant value of the chimpanzee model is the capacity of this animal to respond in a variety of ways to HIV infection, suggesting the existence of successive or alternate states of early HIV infection, and may have implications in the design of early interventions. PMID- 3482161 TI - Dental surgery assistants. PMID- 3482162 TI - Ofloxacin-induced psychosis. PMID- 3482163 TI - No shows: give yourself the winning edge. PMID- 3482164 TI - Be aware of complaints swept under the rug. PMID- 3482165 TI - Endodontic treatment of unusual root conditions, part 2 [corrected and republished article originally published in CDS Rev 1987 Jul;80(6):28-34]. PMID- 3482166 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 3482167 TI - Medical coverage for TMJ patients in Minnesota: a breakthrough. PMID- 3482169 TI - Influence of protrusive functions on electromyographic activity of elevator muscles. PMID- 3482168 TI - Development with age of the human mandibular condyle: histological study. PMID- 3482171 TI - Updating the mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA). PMID- 3482170 TI - On the perception of the preferred jaw position in patients with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. PMID- 3482172 TI - Psychometric profiles of craniomandibular pain patients. Part II. A multidisciplinary case report. PMID- 3482173 TI - [Incidence of CA 125 antigen in the blood of women with ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 3482174 TI - Operative dentistry: dentistry's essential core. PMID- 3482175 TI - [Endometriosis and infertility]. PMID- 3482176 TI - [Evaluation of bioceramic endosteal implantations in rabbit femora by dynamic radionuclide bone imaging]. PMID- 3482177 TI - [Infrared analysis of KH-570 coupling in the interface of metal and composite resins]. PMID- 3482178 TI - [A study of the abrasive rule of composite restorative resins in vivo: observation by SEM over a 4-year period]. PMID- 3482179 TI - [The shear bonding strength of metal-photocuring resin in crown and bridge restoration]. PMID- 3482181 TI - [Effects of chlorhexidine and NaF mouth rinsing on gingivitis]. PMID- 3482180 TI - [Histological observations and bonding-strength testing of bioactive ceramics implant-bone interfaces]. PMID- 3482182 TI - [Pathologic classification of ameloblastoma]. PMID- 3482183 TI - [Comparison of CT and routine radiography in oro-maxillo-facial tumors]. PMID- 3482185 TI - [Radiographic cephalometric study of soft tissue profiles of Beijing Han people with normal occlusion]. PMID- 3482184 TI - [Use of selected carotid angiography through the femoral artery in oral and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3482186 TI - [Interrelation of hydroxyl and fluorapatite crystals in human enamel]. PMID- 3482187 TI - [Experimental study on freezing blood vessels at low temperatures]. PMID- 3482188 TI - [Structure of the temporomandibular joint and its clinical significance]. PMID- 3482189 TI - [Oral manifestations of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3482190 TI - [Partial pulp necrosis]. PMID- 3482191 TI - [Analyses of elements of X-ray determination and distinct pronunciation after cleft palate operations using the regression method]. PMID- 3482192 TI - [Analyses of the long-term operative effect in 400 cases of cleft palate using the stepwise regression method]. PMID- 3482193 TI - [Exploration of the constant of upper-lip height]. PMID- 3482194 TI - [Electromyographic study of masticatory muscles in the silent period and motor unit potential changes in patients with the TMJ dysfunction syndrome before and after treatment]. PMID- 3482195 TI - [Preliminary study on cytogenetics in patients with oral lichen planus]. PMID- 3482196 TI - [A computer cephalometric study of class III malocclusion in mixed dentition]. PMID- 3482197 TI - [Bioavailability and cytotoxicity of a phenol-aldehyde resin in vitro]. PMID- 3482198 TI - [Salivary gland lymphoma: light and electron microscopic study of 25 cases]. PMID- 3482199 TI - [Air bacteria pollution in dental treatment rooms]. PMID- 3482200 TI - [Evaluation of adhesive strength of five dental adhesive cements and two visible light-activated composite resins]. PMID- 3482201 TI - [Review of 5 years of a special outpatient service for neurogenetic diseases]. PMID- 3482202 TI - [Telangiectatic osteosarcoma--a case report]. AB - Telangiectatic osteosarcoma, being a subtype of osteosarcoma, is rare. In this paper, one case is reported. The patient, a sixteen year old man, was admitted into our hospital in 1983 because of swelling and pain in the left knee for 3 months. On physical examination, a mass, 7 x 5 x 5 cm in size, was found in the distal end of the left thigh. A misdiagnosis of hemangioma of the bone was made by puncture biopsy before operation. After three months, the disease progressed and amputation had to be performed. The pathological diagnosis of telangiectatic osteosarcoma was established after operation. Finally, clinical and roentgenographic manifestations, histological and ultrastructural findings, biologic behavior, diagnosis and differential diagnosis are discussed. In particular, the differentiation from aneurysmal bony cyst and hemangioma of the bone is emphasized. PMID- 3482203 TI - Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC Monographs volumes 1 to 42. PMID- 3482204 TI - Rapid extrusion with fiber resection: a combined orthodontic-periodontic treatment modality. PMID- 3482205 TI - An assessment of pocket depth in vitro with a computerized periodontal probe. PMID- 3482206 TI - Preservation of ridges utilizing hydroxyapatite. PMID- 3482207 TI - Lateral sliding flaps with and without citric acid. PMID- 3482208 TI - Histological features of chronic periodontal disease in rats maintained on a soft diet. PMID- 3482209 TI - A consideration of root proximity. PMID- 3482211 TI - [Response properties of single sensory units innervating human periodontal ligament to force stimuli]. PMID- 3482210 TI - Characterization of serine proteinases isolated from rat submaxillary gland: with special reference to the degradation of rat kininogens by these enzymes. AB - From the homogenate of rat submaxillary gland, two kinds of serine proteinases, named tentatively proteinases A and B, were isolated and their chemical properties and activities toward rat kininogens were examined, in comparison with those of submaxillary kallikrein. Proteinase A with Mr of 28,200 rapidly cleaved high-molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen into a protein of 67 kDa, which retained thiol-proteinase inhibitory activity, but had lost the correcting activity of HMW kininogen on the prolonged clotting time of Fitzgerald trait plasma. It liberated bradykinin from HMW kininogen but did not liberate kinin from T-kininogen and did not degrade T-kininogen. On the other hand, proteinase B with Mr of 30,400 showed a very weak activity for the liberation of kinin from T-kininogen and the cleavage of T-kininogen at pH 8.0. However, the enzyme extensively degraded T kininogen at pH 4.5. Proteinase B also degraded HMW kininogen at pH 4.5 and pH 8.0, but liberated bradykinin only at pH 8.0. Thiol-proteinase inhibitory activities of HMW kininogen and T-kininogen were inactivated after the incubation with proteinase B at pH 4.5 but not at pH 8.0, while the correcting activity of HMW kininogen on the Fitzgerald trait plasma was inactivated at pH 4.5 and 8.0. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of proteinases A and B were different from each other, and distinguishable with those of serine proteinases in rat submaxillary gland so far reported. These results provide evidence that in addition to the known kallikrein, there exist at least two kinds of serine proteinases in rat submaxillary gland, both of which liberate bradykinin from rat HMW kininogen at pH 8.0 and modulate the functional activities of HMW kininogen and T-kininogen, degrading these proteins at pH 8.0 or 4.5. PMID- 3482212 TI - [Histopathological changes in dental pulp in rats after irradiation of Nd:YAG laser]. PMID- 3482214 TI - [Control mode of the trigeminal motor neurons from the cerebellar nucleus interpositus]. PMID- 3482213 TI - [Involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites in experimental pulpal inflammation in rats]. PMID- 3482215 TI - [Mode of control of the trigeminal motor neurons by serotonergic input in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3482217 TI - Aging in America: implications for dentistry. PMID- 3482216 TI - [Studies on amelogenin peptides from mineralizing enamel]. PMID- 3482218 TI - SELECT--a success story. PMID- 3482219 TI - A clinico-pathological presentation. Aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 3482220 TI - Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PMID- 3482221 TI - Infection control: a cooperative effort between dental office and dental laboratory. PMID- 3482222 TI - Teaching the complexity of aging to undergraduate dental students, graduate dental students, and dental hygienists. PMID- 3482223 TI - Chemical dependency in the dental profession. PMID- 3482224 TI - How to develop and monitor a marketing campaign for your practice. PMID- 3482225 TI - Instrumentation of curved molar root canals with the Roane technique. PMID- 3482226 TI - Ultrasonic debridement of root canals: acoustic streaming and its possible role. PMID- 3482227 TI - Electrosurgical pulpotomy--a 6-month study in primates. PMID- 3482229 TI - An unusual canal configuration in a mandibular first molar. PMID- 3482228 TI - Clinical investigation (in vivo) of endodontically treated maxillary first molars. PMID- 3482230 TI - A case indicative of rapid, destructive internal resorption. PMID- 3482231 TI - A quantitative assessment of canal debris forced periapically during root canal instrumentation using two different techniques. PMID- 3482232 TI - Successful surgical endodontics for benign cementoblastoma. PMID- 3482233 TI - A simplified look at the buccal object rule in endodontics. PMID- 3482234 TI - Pulpal destruction of neoplastic etiology. PMID- 3482235 TI - Morphological significance of root length variability in comparison with other crown dimensions. I. Basic statistics and sex difference. PMID- 3482236 TI - Fine structure of the outer enamel epithelium in the cervical loop of the rat incisor. PMID- 3482237 TI - The periodontal microvasculature--a morphological and morphometric study. PMID- 3482239 TI - A study on electric method for measuring root canal length. PMID- 3482238 TI - Bioassay of avian thyroid-stimulating hormone. PMID- 3482240 TI - Studies on polyfunctional cyclophosphazene monomers for dental use (I). Synthesis of monomers and physical properties of monomers. PMID- 3482241 TI - Correlation between natural radiation exposure and cancer mortality (5). PMID- 3482242 TI - Hiring and retaining motivated staff. PMID- 3482243 TI - We can control snoring! PMID- 3482244 TI - ABCs periodontics. "Z" is for Zebras. PMID- 3482245 TI - A unique anatomic variation of the mental nerve. PMID- 3482246 TI - Online literature searching for the dental health professional. PMID- 3482248 TI - OHSU school of dentistry. Do you know? PMID- 3482247 TI - Gloves and the practice of dentistry. Part 1. A statement of need. PMID- 3482249 TI - OHSU School of Dentistry. Admissions & recruitment. PMID- 3482250 TI - OHSU School of Dentistry. Library services & resources. PMID- 3482251 TI - OHSU School of Dentistry. Continuing education. PMID- 3482252 TI - OHSU School of Dentistry. Freshmen welcomed to dentistry. PMID- 3482254 TI - The use and abuse of composite resins in posterior teeth. PMID- 3482253 TI - Learning is a lifetime process. Dean's address to the Class of 1987. PMID- 3482255 TI - Dental records: ownership and access. PMID- 3482256 TI - A study of the relationship between beta-glucuronidase and cholelithiasis. I: Activity in bile and the biliary tree. PMID- 3482257 TI - Instrumental neutron activation analysis in the study of the elemental composition of urinary calculi. PMID- 3482258 TI - [The changes in human immunity in children living under heavy air pollution]. PMID- 3482259 TI - Laser surgery for radical mastectomy. PMID- 3482260 TI - [A study of the histopathology of the liver in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3482261 TI - [The effects of home-visiting and telephone education in improving hypertension knowledge for hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3482263 TI - Papaverine-induced priapism: case report. PMID- 3482262 TI - [Systemic amyloidosis: a case report]. PMID- 3482264 TI - Echocardiographic study for predicting the prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 3482266 TI - Long-term follow up of upper dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis--a scale of evaluation. PMID- 3482265 TI - Activation of protein expression in clonal glioma cells by sodium butyrate. PMID- 3482267 TI - [Dental radiography in the detection of foreign bodies--a comparative clinical and model study]. PMID- 3482268 TI - Serum antibody activity against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Chinese patients with periodontitis. PMID- 3482269 TI - [Malignant gastric leiomyoblastoma--a case report]. PMID- 3482270 TI - Intracranial misinsertion of nasogastric tube--case report. PMID- 3482271 TI - [Prognosis factors in renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3482272 TI - [Determination of Cu, Hg, As and Pb in edible oils by atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3482273 TI - [A study on the temperamental characteristics of Kaohsiung "Sanmin Chii" toddlers]. PMID- 3482275 TI - [Normal reference values of serum zinc in adults: a study by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 3482274 TI - Hepatitis D virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 3482277 TI - [Self-care in the aged and its related factors]. PMID- 3482276 TI - [Herbally induced anticholinergic intoxication: a report of three cases]. PMID- 3482278 TI - [Clinical study of the relationship between pre-oxygenation time and arterial oxygenation]. PMID- 3482279 TI - [The relation of straight back syndrome to mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 3482280 TI - Analysis of patients with paradoxical septal motion. PMID- 3482281 TI - [Menstrual cycle and disorder of adolescent girls in southern Taiwan]. PMID- 3482283 TI - [Determination of aluminum in serum by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry]. PMID- 3482282 TI - [A clinical study on combined lithium and carbamazepine treatment of major affective disorders]. PMID- 3482285 TI - [Evaluation of the visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis and prognosis of amblyopia in children]. PMID- 3482284 TI - [A study on the epidemiology of hepatitis B in Kaohsiung City]. PMID- 3482286 TI - [Effects of cefotetan on PIVKA-II changes in the treatment of infections and prophylaxis of surgical infections in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Cephem antibiotics possessing 1-methyl-1-H-tetrazole-5-yl-thiomethyl moiety at the 3 position of beta-lactam skeleton are known to play a significant role in the disturbance of coagulation and bleeding caused by the deficiency of vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Among those factors, abnormal prothrombin, protein specifically induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist (PIVKA-II), is recognized to be important. Cefotetan (CTT) is a cephem antibiotic with the above mentioned side chain at the 3 position. In the study reported here, CTT was administered to patients in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology for the treatment of infections (5 patients) and prophylaxis of surgical infections (142 patients). Changes in PIVKA-II levels, hematological and biochemical profiles, and the adverse effects are investigated during the cefotetan treatment. 1. Changes in PIVKA-II levels were observed in 1.2% (1 out of 81) of the patients prior to the CTT treatment and 7.4% (6 out of 81) of patients on the 14th day after the initiation of CTT treatment. 2. Although 6.8% (8 out of 117) of the patients showed slight diarrhoea on day-2 to day-5 after the initiation of CTT treatment, no patients showed any bleeding episodes or adverse effects such as abnormality of biochemical test values and physical signs after the completion of the CTT treatment. PMID- 3482287 TI - [Infection defense antigens against pathogenic viruses to human. Infection defense antigens and genetic code--trend and progress of study on biomolecular analysis. o. Human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3482288 TI - [New technology of vaccine production--international prospect of the development. Method and theory of production of vaccines by genetic engineering. a. Vaccinia vector vaccine]. PMID- 3482289 TI - [From clinical tests to etiology: analysis of clinical features. Progress of biotechnology and its application]. PMID- 3482290 TI - In vivo effects of prostaglandins on human retinoblastoma cells in nude mice. AB - Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and 64E, a derivative of PGs, were tested for their capacity to suppress the growth of retinoblastoma in the nude mouse. Ten million cells of an established cell line of human retinoblastoma, Y-79 cells, were transferred subcutaneously into the nude mouse, and after the transferred cells became a tumor with a diameter larger than 7.5 mm, either PGD2 (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg/day) or 64E (4 mg/kg/day) dissolved in Hanks' solution was daily injected subcutaneously near the tumor for 14 days. The estimated tumor weight as defined by the formula of (length) X (width)2/2 was evaluated at various time intervals after the treatment. Although a low dose of PGD2, 1 mg/kg/day, had no effect, higher doses of PGD2 had a clear effect in suppressing the growth of retinoblastoma in the nude mouse. Tumors in 64E-treated animals were also markedly suppressed in their growth. Histological examination revealed that tumors treated with these drugs had a much larger area of necrosis with fewer tumor cells than the tumors in control animals. PMID- 3482291 TI - Locum Tenens: a new method in reducing the stress of dental practice. PMID- 3482292 TI - Kentucky oral health survey. PMID- 3482293 TI - Case no. 22: gray patch with serpiginous ulcer. PMID- 3482294 TI - Case no. 23: elevated erythematous condition of the facial lower third skin. PMID- 3482295 TI - [Antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen-vascular diseases]. PMID- 3482296 TI - Prepaid dental plans legislation explained. PMID- 3482297 TI - The Missouri Dental Board...defined. PMID- 3482298 TI - Hygienist states position on general supervision. PMID- 3482299 TI - [Comparative scanning electron microscopy study of 3 types of dental amalgams under normal conditions and following wear]. PMID- 3482300 TI - [Detergent efficacy of citric acid diluted to less than 1% on hard dental tissues]. PMID- 3482301 TI - [Action of detergents on the hard dental tissues: observations by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3482302 TI - [HBsAg (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) contamination in the dental environment]. PMID- 3482303 TI - [Case of a chronic radiation lesion of the lip]. PMID- 3482304 TI - [Use of a new calcium hydroxide-based cement in the pulpotomy technic]. PMID- 3482305 TI - [Giant-cell tumors of the jaws]. PMID- 3482306 TI - [Radiosensitivity of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3482307 TI - [Adenocarcinoma and calculus of the submandibular gland. A clinical case]. PMID- 3482308 TI - [New developments in the TNM (malignant tumor staging method). The Italian TNM Committee of the International Union]. PMID- 3482309 TI - [Surgical and orthodontic treatment of upper impacted canines. Remarks on methods of anchorage for traction]. PMID- 3482310 TI - [Pre- and postoperative clinical and myokinesiographic assessment of the stomatognathic system in patients undergoing corrective orthognathodontic surgery]. PMID- 3482311 TI - [Anatomico-clinical contribution to the study of bone remodelling of the temporomandibular joint in the totally edentulous mouth]. PMID- 3482312 TI - [Study methods in dysmorphism of the symphysis menti]. PMID- 3482313 TI - [Clinical classification of dysmorphism of the symphysis menti]. PMID- 3482315 TI - Tax rules affecting meals, entertainment and travel. PMID- 3482314 TI - [Mid-posterior approach into the spinal cord]. PMID- 3482317 TI - Retirement plans after tax reform. PMID- 3482318 TI - An interradicular radiolucency of the mandible. PMID- 3482319 TI - Evaluating tax shelters. PMID- 3482316 TI - Rubber dam isolations for composite resin restorations. PMID- 3482320 TI - Gloves: a hands-on approach to safety. PMID- 3482321 TI - Mutual funds offer investment advantages. PMID- 3482323 TI - Designer dental offices. PMID- 3482322 TI - Paediatric dentistry keeps pace with the times. PMID- 3482324 TI - Managing the difficult adolescent. PMID- 3482325 TI - Back to the future. PMID- 3482326 TI - Administration of local anesthesia and nitrous oxide analgesia by dental hygienists? PMID- 3482327 TI - Profile and knowledge of participants in five dental information exhibits in Minnesota. PMID- 3482328 TI - Psychiatric syndromes in pediatric oncology patients. AB - While all these problems have been seen in pediatric cancer patients, and some may occur more frequently than in the general population, it is worth reemphasizing that the majority of patients and families are psychiatrically intact. They are generally highly resilient and resourceful in coping with this potentially devastating illness. A vigorous program of support groups, recreational therapy, and academics can enhance the patients' and families' ability to function. For those few who develop psychiatric disorders, effective therapeutic intervention is very important in their recovery from both psychiatric and oncologic illness. PMID- 3482331 TI - Direct reimbursement: the perfect solution. PMID- 3482330 TI - [Prevalence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus in prisoners and employees of penal institutions]. PMID- 3482332 TI - The professional for the 1990s: observations on the future. PMID- 3482329 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of primary malignant bone tumors. AB - The authors find that MRI yields more useful information in a single study than CT, Tc scanning or angiography; they use it as the primary local staging procedure in malignant bone tumors. PMID- 3482333 TI - Evaluating patient risk factors. PMID- 3482334 TI - Personal protection: the first line of defense. PMID- 3482335 TI - What is good enough? Sterilization and its discontents. PMID- 3482336 TI - The practice advantage. Successful case presentations depend on your helping patients get what they want. PMID- 3482337 TI - Practical infection control in dentistry. Making the pieces fit. Part 1. PMID- 3482339 TI - [Continuous expression of induced differentiation characters in a HGPRT human promyelocytic leukemia cell mutant (HL-60-AR)]. PMID- 3482338 TI - Effects of disopyramide on detrusor muscle contraction: in vitro experiment and report of 3 cases with disopyramide-induced urinary retention. AB - Three cases of disopyramide-induced urinary retention were reported and effects of disopyramide on agonist-induced contraction of detrusor muscle were studied in vitro. Muscle strips were obtained from rabbit bladder body and changes in isometric contraction of the strips were monitored. Acetylcholine, prostaglandin F2-alpha, potassium chloride, barium chloride, adenosine triphosphate and Ca2+ were used as agonists for detrusor muscle contraction. Disopyramide relaxed the contraction elicited by acetylcholine in normal Krebs solution, but exhibited no relaxing effect on contractions induced by prostaglandin F2-alpha, potassium chloride, barium chloride and adenosine triphosphate. In Ca2+-free Krebs solution, basal tension of the strips declined and spontaneous contractile activity was eliminated. Replenishment of 3 mM Ca2+ induced a slow contraction and redevelopment of spontaneous contraction of the strips. Pretreatment of the strips with disopyramide had no inhibitory effect on the Ca2+-induced contraction or on the spontaneous contractile activity in Ca2+-free solution. In normal Krebs solution, acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-2)M) caused dose-dependent contractions of the detrusor muscle strips. Pretreatment of the strips with disopyramide (10(-5) 10(-3)M) dose-dependently inhibited the acetylcholine-induced contraction in a competitive way. The inhibitory effect of disopyramide on acetylcholine-induced contraction was less potent than that of atropine. We conclude that disopyramide may inhibit detrusor contractile activity mostly by its anticholinergic effect, resulting clinically in micturition disturbance. PMID- 3482340 TI - Treatment of substance abuse in patients with HIV infection. AB - The dual diagnosis of AIDS and substance abuse raises serious clinical and ethical issues for health care providers. Often, there are barriers to the diagnosis and referral for substance abuse treatment in people with HIV infection. Countertransference is one such barrier. Important educational needs of patients can be overlooked or not fully addressed. Essential information needs to be conveyed, regardless of whether or not a patient seeks substance abuse treatment. Early intervention and treatment are essential to minimize risk for HIV infection and transmission to others. Specific clinical issues that practitioners often address for patients with AIDS or ARC are appropriate interventions for denial of the HIV-related diagnosis coupled with the denial of substance abuse, difficulties in pain management, the difficulties of family and loved ones, the need for substance abuse relapse prevention, and the need for coordination of care among agencies. PMID- 3482341 TI - Should there be HIV testing in chemical dependency treatment programs? PMID- 3482342 TI - The role of substance abuse professionals in the AIDS epidemic. AB - The article examines the expanding role of drug abuse treatment professionals in the AIDs epidemic, including the utilization of predictive models to help focus prevention, intervention, and treatment efforts for IV drug users, who are the second largest at-risk group for HIV contagion after homosexual males, as well as adolescents. More specifically, the article addresses such issues as the needle sharing ritual, the "teach and bleach" method of community-based outreach prevention, some of the cofactors involved in immunosuppression, the controversy surrounding drug maintenance programs and free needle distribution, safer-sex guidelines and sex education, HIV antibody testing and confidentiality. This article postulates that it is crucial for chemical dependency treatment programs to appraise themselves, on an ongoing basis, of both individual and organizational guidelines regarding AIDS and to develop AIDS and chemical dependency treatment components within their programs in order to keep drug abuse treatment itself from being compromised. PMID- 3482343 TI - To test or not to test: the value of routine testing for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). PMID- 3482344 TI - Comparison of enoxacin and norfloxacin in patients with cystitis. AB - The urinary antibacterial drugs enoxacin and norfloxacin were compared for efficacy and side effects in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections. Thirty-five patients received enoxacin and 25 received norfloxacin for one week. The antibacterial spectrum of enoxacin was noted to be better than that of norfloxacin, but both drugs performed well in clearing the infections caused by susceptible organisms. The incidence of side effects was higher with norfloxacin than with enoxacin. PMID- 3482345 TI - Biochemical and scanning electron microscope study of lipids chloroform-methanol extracted from unerupted and erupted human tooth enamel. AB - Almost twice as much fatty acid was extracted without demineralization from the mature enamel of erupted teeth treated with 2:1 chloroform-methanol as from the enamel of unerupted teeth (32.64 micrograms/g versus 15.60 micrograms/g). Palmitic C16:0, stearic C18:0, oleic C18:1 omega 9 and linoleic acids C18:2 omega 6 were the chief fatty acids detected by gas-liquid chromatography. The percentage of free fatty acids and diglycerides was larger in unerupted than erupted teeth, whereas that of triglycerides, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine was larger in erupted teeth. These changes may be due to bacteria and other contaminants (saliva and pellicle). The large amounts of free fatty acids, diglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids as intrinsic components were probably due to the persistence of membrane remnants entombed during enamel formation, as indicated by the visualization of holes and by the increase in the size and number of focal holes after lipid-solvent interaction with the enamel surface. These defects always occurred in rods and never in inter-rod material. Other minute defects, including empty-widened intercrystal spaces, were also observed inside some rods. PMID- 3482346 TI - The response of dog intradental nerves to hypertonic solutions of CaCl2 and NaCl, and other stimuli, applied to exposed dentine. AB - Responses of single nerve units from the canine and incisor pulps of anaesthetized beagles to CaCl2 (3.5 M, 4.9 M and saturated) and NaCl (2.5 M and 4.0 M) were recorded. The sensitivity of these nerve units to drilling and probing of dentine, and to drying with air blasts, was also studied. Twenty-one out of 22 units responded immediately, either with a few spikes or, sometimes, with a 2-5 s train of impulses, to hypertonic CaCl2 when applied to superficial dentine. Deep in dentine, CaCl2 induced immediately responses in 15 out of 21 units. There were responses to hypertonic NaCl in 15 out of 19 units, but only when applied deep in dentine. This firing had a latency of 15-300 s (mean 94 s) and continued until the solution was washed away. Units sensitive to CaCl2 also responded to drilling, probing and drying. When applied to the exposed pulp, CaCl2 never induced nerve activity, but hypertonic NaCl induced responses in all units tested (n = 19); the latencies were 0-300 s (mean 34 s). The mechanism of nerve activation in response to hypertonic CaCl2 is probably hydrodynamic, and common to several other stimuli as in drilling, probing and air drying. Responses to hypertonic NaCl may have been induced by a direct excitatory effect of Na+ ions on the nerve endings or axons in the pulp-dentine border. PMID- 3482347 TI - A longitudinal study of tooth emergence and somatic growth in 697 children from birth to three years. AB - The study was on three groups of children who had been small (SGA), average (AGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age at birth. A generalized linear model was used to estimate the effects of associated factors on the number of teeth emerged at one, two and three years. When the groups were combined, birth weight, birth order, maternal smoking during pregnancy and the children's height and head circumference at a given age all emerged as significant explanatory variables. The effect of maternal smoking was the reverse of that expected and evident only in the AGA and LGA groups. The associations with postnatal size were strongest in the SGA group and mainly low or negative in the LGA group. The birth-order effect was similar in all three groups. PMID- 3482348 TI - A scanning electromyographic study of the topography of human masseter single motor units. AB - The length of scanning EMG recordings over which motor-unit activity could be recorded varied between 0.6 and 12.5 mm. The mean length of the motor unit cross section was less than that reported for large arm and leg muscles, confirming that masseter motor units contain fewer muscle fibres than those in large limb muscles. However, three units in three muscles had remarkably large motor-unit territories. Small motor-unit territories may indicate local specialization and a potential for selective recruitment of separate motor regions, which would favour fine adjustment of jaw movements. In contrast, large territories may reflect widespread motor-unit actions, advantageous in force development where fine movement control is less important, as in biting in the intercuspal position or opposing gravity. These findings emphasize the unique structural and functional features of the human mandibular motor system. PMID- 3482349 TI - Alteration of membrane phospholipids in hypertrophied rat salivary glands induced by chronic administration of isoproterenol. AB - Hypertrophy of parotid and submandibular glands, and elevated phospholipid content per gland in both were induced. However, phospholipid content per tissue weight increased only in the parotid gland. Sublingual gland phospholipids were unaffected with regard to the gland weight and phospholipid content; phospholipid class compositions were altered in each of the three glands, typically an increase of phosphatidylcholine and decreases of sphingomyelin and phosphatidic acid. Concerning fatty-acyl groups in phospholipid, prominent increase of octadecadienoic acid was observed in total and individual phospholipids of both parotid and submandibular glands. However, eicosatetraenoic acid decreased in the total phospholipids of these two glands. In the sublingual gland, phospholipids, fatty-acyl compositions were not changed by isoproterenol. The results suggest that isoproterenol-induced changes of membrane phospholipids are regulated by at least two different effects, one for fatty-acyl groups and another for base moieties of phospholipids. PMID- 3482350 TI - Effects of NaF and SnF2 on growth, acid and glucan production of several oral streptococci. AB - The effects of low concentrations of these fluorides on Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus sanguis were investigated. Without fluoride, mutans streptococci (Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus) produced more acid than the other strains; both fluorides reduced acid production in all strains. NaF had little effect on growth; SnF2 decreased growth in all strains, most evidently in the Strep. mutans. In all growth conditions, Strep. sobrinus produced the most alkali soluble glucan. Both fluorides enhanced alkali-soluble glucan production in mutans streptococci while only SnF2 enhanced this in the other streptococci. PMID- 3482351 TI - Infection with the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and salivary IgA antibodies in mothers and their children. AB - Salivary IgA-antibody titres against different streptococcal antigens were measured in 64 mothers and their first-born children. Their presence and the level of Streptococcus mutans had been monitored for several years. The children had carried this bacterium for various lengths of time and now had varying numbers of salivary Strep. mutans. The subjects had participated in a longitudinal study completed one and a half years before, concerning prevention of early colonization of the child's mouth by Strep. mutans through measures undertaken by the mother. Whole-saliva samples were collected from all subjects and analysed by ELISA techniques for total IgA, and for IgA antibodies to whole cells of Strep. mutans serotype c and d, whole cells of Strep. sanguis, purified polysaccharide and protein antigens of Strep. mutans serotype c and d; a pool of Escherichia coli antigens was used as a control. No significant differences were found in the level of any of the specific IgA antibodies in children with different levels of indigenous Strep. mutans. A tendency to higher IgA antibody activity was found in children who had levels of Strep. mutans first detectable after three years of age and who had carried the bacterium for six months or less. The IgA antibody activity to Strep. mutans specific serotype c antigen and to whole cells of Strep. mutans serotype c (JC 2) was significantly higher in children with no caries experience when compared to children with more than two df-surfaces. This study offers no clear evidence for a protective role of salivary IgA antibodies against Strep. mutans colonization. PMID- 3482353 TI - A theoretical study of the intercalative binding of the anti-tumour drug anthrapyrazole to double-stranded oligonucleotides. AB - Theoretical computations have been performed on the intercalative binding of anthrapyrazole to the double-stranded tetranucleotides d(GCGC)2 and d(ATAT)2, intercalation taking place in the central pyrimidine-(3',5')-purine sequences, with an unwinding angle of 29 degrees. The complex is principally stabilized by hydrogen-bonds of the two side chains with the ionic oxygens of the two central phosphates. In marked contrast with the corresponding complexes of the related compound mitoxantrone, the N7 atoms of the two central purines do not participate in hydrogen-bonding interactions with the dimethylamino fragments of the side chains. Side chain A of the anthrapyrazole, which is on the imino nitrogen side, is located farther away from the core of the major groove, closer to the phosphate backbone. Compared to the mitoxantrone complexes, there is a considerable decrease in the difference of interaction energy between the d(GCGC)2 and the d(ATAT)2 complexes. This is in line with the experimental results indicating that, compared to mitoxantrone, anthrapyrazole manifests little or no GC sequence selectivity. PMID- 3482352 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on Cl and K transport in rat submandibular salivary acini. AB - Dispersed acini were used to investigate the effects of prostaglandins (PG) on transmembrane Cl and K transport with the aid of radioactive tracers. Neither PGE1, PG2, PGF2 alpha, arachidonic acid or phosphatidic acid (all in 1 microM final concentrations) modified the time-dependent uptake of 36Cl. Steady-state isotope content reached 6-7 nmol/mg protein with or without these substances. PG did not alter the inhibitory effect of 1 mM furosemide on 36Cl uptake, and failed to induce a net efflux of 36Cl from tracer-preloaded cells or to modify the efflux of tracer induced by 1 microM acetylcholine. PG had no significant effect on K uptake, as measured with 86Rb, and did not modify the effect of 1 mM ouabain, which inhibited K uptake or accumulation by 60 per cent. PG did not induce K (86Rb) efflux from acini preloaded with tracer, and did not prevent or enhance the K efflux induced by acetylcholine. Thus PG do not influence the major ion-transport systems that may be involved in saliva secretion by acinar cells. Any inhibitory effects of PGE1 on salivary-fluid secretion in vivo are therefore likely to be the result of extra-acinar PG actions, and not of a direct effect on ion-transport mechanisms. PMID- 3482354 TI - Effects of orally administered prostaglandin E-2 on cortical bone turnover in adult dogs: a histomorphometric study. AB - The effects of Prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) on cortical bone turnover in ribs and femurs of 32 intact adult dogs were evaluated following 3 months treatment. Static and dynamic histomorphometric skeletal changes were characterized using terminal in vivo tetracycline double labeling. PGE-2 caused a dose dependent increase in the formation of subperiosteal fibrous-lamellar new bone in femurs, and an increase in bone remodeling within the (original) cortical compacta of both femurs and ribs. Increased cortical remodeling resulted in a new steady state, but only in ribs. Increased Haversian remodeling in ribs and femurs was characterized by increases in the activation frequency, the number of bone resorbing and forming foci, the percent of osteons with single labels, and the radial closure and bone formation rates, with no effect on appositional rate. While the mean ratios of the number of resorption to formation foci (R/F) were unremarkable in femurs of treated versus control males, the R/F ratios in treated females were approximately 50% lower than matched controls. In treated males, both femoral osteon resorption and formation times were 50% shorter than matched controls. In treated females, femoral osteon resorption time was 2-4-fold shorter than the decrease in osteon formation time. Calcium and phosphorus levels were normal in all treated dogs. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were increased approximately two-fold in high dose (10.0 mg/kg) dogs and correlated well with the histologic findings of increased skeletal turnover and bone formation. PMID- 3482355 TI - Ceftizoxime prophylaxis in major gynaecological surgery. PMID- 3482356 TI - Aleukaemic granulocytic sarcoma. PMID- 3482357 TI - [Firing of dental ceramics]. PMID- 3482358 TI - The defense never rests. PMID- 3482359 TI - Dental malpractice suits rise sharply. PMID- 3482360 TI - Thumb sucking or thumb propping? PMID- 3482361 TI - How can we insure quality dentistry? PMID- 3482362 TI - Now that I've got it, what do I do with it? PMID- 3482364 TI - Special delivery. PMID- 3482363 TI - [Comparison between 2 series of patients wearing highly hydrophilic soft contact lenses]. PMID- 3482365 TI - Work out the computer bug. PMID- 3482366 TI - On your mark(et), get set, go! PMID- 3482367 TI - For the record.... PMID- 3482368 TI - [Interproximal amalgam fillings. A problem of the relation between conservative treatment and periodontology]. PMID- 3482369 TI - [Psychoanalytic aspects in dentistry]. PMID- 3482370 TI - [Juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3482371 TI - [Oral rehabilitation with implant dentures]. PMID- 3482372 TI - [Interaction between tetracyclines and oral contraceptives]. PMID- 3482373 TI - [Dentists, a profession of stress?]. PMID- 3482374 TI - [Computerized cephalometry]. PMID- 3482375 TI - [The role of the dentist in the community health system in Quebec]. PMID- 3482377 TI - What makes people volunteer? PMID- 3482378 TI - Who is qualified to practice dentistry? PMID- 3482376 TI - Oral and maxillofacial surgery. Why such a mouthful? PMID- 3482379 TI - Profile of the President-Elect, ADA. PMID- 3482380 TI - Conscious sedation. PMID- 3482381 TI - First year focus. A world of experience in the class of 1990. PMID- 3482382 TI - Cosmetic dentistry is good dentistry & good business. PMID- 3482383 TI - [A holder with magnetic attraction for handling small contaminated instruments: Endo-Capt]. PMID- 3482384 TI - [Oral cancers. Clinical aspects and epidemiology in Senegal]. PMID- 3482385 TI - [The prescription]. PMID- 3482386 TI - [Paroxysmal headache and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3482387 TI - [Juvenile periodontolysis. Clinical findings in Senegal]. PMID- 3482388 TI - [Ethics in the therapeutic relationship]. PMID- 3482389 TI - [Recommendations to follow in treatment of an avulsed permanent tooth]. PMID- 3482390 TI - [Status of the deciduous dentition of 3-7-year old children in Bouches-du-Rhone]. PMID- 3482391 TI - [Application of Professor Machtou's compactors]. PMID- 3482392 TI - [Sorbitol and lycasin: 2 polyols to follow]. PMID- 3482394 TI - [Canal obturation with the Canal Finder System in curved canals]. PMID- 3482393 TI - [Automated and autoregulated irrigation with 2% ClonA adaptable to all mechanized systems]. PMID- 3482395 TI - [Needles for lateral perforation intraseptal anesthesia: clinical trial]. PMID- 3482396 TI - [The value of a gingival paste with a mineral base and a medicinal solution of formaldehyde in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity and gingival inflammation]. PMID- 3482397 TI - [Drug-induced hyposalivation in the elderly patient]. PMID- 3482398 TI - [Treatment of infection in oral medicine. Results of an open study of 90 ambulatory patients]. PMID- 3482399 TI - [Psychism and psychotherapy]. PMID- 3482400 TI - [Major splinting and severe periodontal disease]. PMID- 3482402 TI - Capitation dentistry. PMID- 3482403 TI - Risk management. Incidence, severity of claims. PMID- 3482401 TI - [What procedures should be followed when faced with a complication of inhalation swallowing?]. PMID- 3482404 TI - Risk management. Special problems related to endodontics. PMID- 3482405 TI - Risk management. Diagnosing periodontal disease. PMID- 3482406 TI - Risk management. Oral surgery and anesthesia. PMID- 3482407 TI - How to take the guesswork out of dental esthetics and function. Part II. PMID- 3482408 TI - A look at office designs. PMID- 3482409 TI - Hems indicate market heights. PMID- 3482410 TI - Ulcers becoming, frequent, intense. PMID- 3482411 TI - Dealing with breast cancer: treatment options and prevention techniques. PMID- 3482412 TI - Women and smoking. PMID- 3482413 TI - Stress management techniques. PMID- 3482414 TI - The fluoridation debate. PMID- 3482415 TI - Rotary cutting instruments. PMID- 3482416 TI - Face the facts: surveying malpractice suits. PMID- 3482418 TI - Who will take care of your baby when you go back to work? PMID- 3482417 TI - Aspirin--the wonder drug. PMID- 3482419 TI - "The i.v. anesthesia crisis". PMID- 3482420 TI - Physical mapping studies on the human X chromosome in the region Xq27-Xqter. AB - We have characterized three terminal deletions of the long arm of the X chromosome. Southern analysis using Xq27/q28 probes suggests that two of the deletions have breakpoints near the fragile site at Xq27.3. Flow karyotype analysis provides an estimate of 12 X 10(6) bp for the size of the deleted region. We have not detected the deletion breakpoints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the closet DNA probes, proximal to the fragile site. The physical distance between the breakpoints and the probes may therefore be several hundred kilobases. The use of the deletion patients has allowed a preliminary physical map of Xq27/28 to be constructed. Our data suggest that the closest probes to the fragile site on the proximal side are 4D-8 (DXS98), cX55.7 (DXS105), and cX33.2 (DXS152). PFGE studies provide evidence for the physical linkage of 4D-8, cX55.7, and cX33.2. We have also found evidence for the physical linkage of F8C, G6PD, and 767 (DXS115), distal to the fragile site. PMID- 3482422 TI - A conversation with Dr. Cyril L. Friend, Jr. our man at ADA by Roger H. Scholle. PMID- 3482424 TI - Chemical dependency, love and tough love. PMID- 3482423 TI - Eliminating the most painful dental procedure: in short, peace of mind. PMID- 3482425 TI - A practical approach to informed consent in dental and oral surgery. PMID- 3482421 TI - Further mapping of markers around the centromere of human chromosome 19. AB - The gene for myotonic dystrophy (DM) is located on the proximal long arm of chromosome 19 along with at least 10 cloned genes and anonymous DNA segments. In order to refine the map of this region of the chromosome, we have constructed somatic cell hybrid lines from fibroblasts carrying a balanced translocation t(1, 19) with a breakpoint at 19q12. We have established that D19S7 is the most proximal of the available long-arm markers and confirmed that PEPD localizes to 19q, along with PVS, MSK19, and MSK37. We have also examined the segregation of markers from the proximal long-arm region of chromosome 19 in hybrids containing fragments of this chromosome. PMID- 3482427 TI - [Foreign bodies in the floor of the mouth. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3482426 TI - To gift or not to gift, that is the question... PMID- 3482428 TI - [Resection of flabby ridges in the completely edentulous patient]. PMID- 3482429 TI - [Distribution of orofacial malformations in children in the 6th grade in France]. PMID- 3482430 TI - [Ceramics and radioactivity]. PMID- 3482431 TI - [Classification of tooth fractures]. PMID- 3482432 TI - [Treatment of partial edentulousness using the B. Jankelson concepts of neuromuscular occlusion]. PMID- 3482433 TI - [Role of dark field microscopy in the diagnosis of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3482434 TI - [Characteristics of a new impression material]. PMID- 3482436 TI - [Special uses of composite resins]. PMID- 3482435 TI - [Critical evaluation of the validity of periodontal radiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 3482437 TI - [Intraoral lesions due to removable dentures]. PMID- 3482438 TI - [Use of glass-ionomer materials for restoration]. PMID- 3482439 TI - [Composite resins in the closure of interincisal diastemas]. PMID- 3482440 TI - [Evaluation of the neurophysiology of masticatory function]. PMID- 3482441 TI - [Pigmentation of devitalized teeth: a new bleaching technic]. PMID- 3482442 TI - [Iatrogenic effects on the oral mucosa of various drugs, and in particular those in radiochemotherapy]. PMID- 3482443 TI - [Type, frequency and location of odontogenic cysts (preliminary note)]. PMID- 3482444 TI - [Occupational diseases associated with dental practice]. PMID- 3482445 TI - [Possible enzyme tests of the saliva and their potential in dentistry]. PMID- 3482446 TI - [Salivary elimination of cefoxitin after intramuscular administration in healthy volunteers]. PMID- 3482447 TI - [Streptococcus salivarius and the activity of various antibiotics]. PMID- 3482448 TI - [Current concepts on the treatment of oral aphthae]. PMID- 3482449 TI - [Cysts and congenital lesions of the parotid]. PMID- 3482450 TI - [Morphostructural changes in human gingival epithelium due to the local application of citric acid during periodontal therapy]. PMID- 3482451 TI - [Osteosarcoma of the upper jaw: a case report]. PMID- 3482452 TI - [Anesthetic action of ketamine in dentistry. Experimental research]. PMID- 3482453 TI - [Metastasis in the parotid]. PMID- 3482454 TI - [Oral pathology during chemotherapy for solid tumors]. PMID- 3482455 TI - [Therapeutic problems in the deciduous teeth. I: Direct pulp capping]. PMID- 3482456 TI - [Therapeutic problems in the deciduous teeth. II: Devitalization]. PMID- 3482457 TI - [Aspects of various lesions in the early diagnosis of oral carcinoma]. PMID- 3482458 TI - [Cellular pathobiology of tumors in the mouth: metabolic, endocrine and immunologic interaction]. PMID- 3482459 TI - [A case of ablastodontia]. PMID- 3482460 TI - [Vertical fractures of endodontically treated teeth]. PMID- 3482461 TI - [Oro-maxillofacial lesions in Silver-Russel syndrome]. PMID- 3482462 TI - Localised blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3482463 TI - Supportive care in the management of acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3482464 TI - Androgen responsiveness of proteinase F in the submandibular salivary glands of inbred mice. AB - Using the radioimmunoassay technique, we studied androgenic regulations of proteinase F in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of various mouse strains (ICR, BALB/CA, C3H/HeN, C57BL/10N, and DBA/2N). The proteinase contents in BALB/CA and DBA/2N mice were almost the same between males and females. However, prominent sex differences in enzyme content were seen in all other strains; i.e., male glands of C3H/HeN and C57BL/10N contained more proteinase F than female glands did. On the contrary, the enzyme level in the ICR was exceedingly higher in females than in males. The enzyme contents in ICR SMG increased in males following castration and decreased after androgen injection in both castrated males and normal females. On the contrary, the enzyme level in C3H/HeN was decreased by castration and increased by androgen injection. Therefore, these sex differences in ICR and C3H/HeN mice depend on androgen, though the direction of the response is opposite. PMID- 3482465 TI - [A case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the mediastinum]. PMID- 3482466 TI - Peptide and ester synthesis in organic solvents catalyzed by seryl proteases linked to alumina. AB - Trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin were immobilized to alumina-phosphocolamine complex, activated by glutaraldehyde. The immobilized enzymes show a great stability toward organic solvents miscible or immiscible with water. In the presence of a low concentration of water, the immobilized enzymes catalyzed transesterification reactions as well as peptide synthesis. The synthesized peptides were stable toward the immobilized enzymes. PMID- 3482467 TI - Of mouse and man: the hypophosphataemic genes. PMID- 3482469 TI - Trauma-induced human endometrial prostaglandin concentrations. AB - Controversy still continues concerning the factors controlling endometrial prostaglandin concentrations measured under different circumstances. In this study an attempt was made to remove serial samples of normal human endometrium and standardise 4 different short incubation periods at room temperature before snap-freezing the tissue. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, or PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio, of the series of specimens with the shortest incubation (42.7 seconds) compared with the longest (93.1 secs). The most likely explanation for this is that trauma-induced prostaglandin production is such a rapid process that it is generally complete within less than 30 seconds at room temperature. As reported in previous studies, a significant correlation was found between PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations in some specimens. Large and significant variations in concentration of prostaglandins were found between individuals which were partly accounted for by variations in stage of the menstrual cycle at the time of collection. PMID- 3482470 TI - Prostaglandin release from preparations used vaginally for the induction of labour. AB - The release and absorption profiles from the vagina of PGE2 in different vehicles used for cervical ripening and labour induction have been studied observing changes in concentrations of PGE metabolite (PGEM) and PGF metabolite (PGFM). In all groups a rise in PGEM concentration occurred over the 6 hour observation time but with wide variation. The profiles obtained differed markedly between the preparations under investigation correlating with the uterine contractions generated. PGFM generally showed little change. The model used could be explored further to enable modification of the vehicles used for PGE2 incorporation to achieve improved clinical results. PMID- 3482468 TI - Effects of PGE1 or PGE2 and/or acetazolamide on expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from rats. AB - PGE1 and PGE2 have been reported to enhance natural expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a nematode parasite, from the intestine of the rat. Mucus production may also be a key element of worm rejection. Our study attempts to determine if 1) PGE1 or PGE2 alter the normal course of infection with N. brasiliensis in rats, 2) a known mucous enhancing drug, acetazolamide, can augment the rate of worm expulsion, and 3) combinations of prostaglandins and acetazolamide affect N. brasiliensis in the rat. Rats were inoculated with approximately 1,000 infective larvae of N. brasiliensis. Animals were administered, intraduodenally, one of the following: 0.2 ml 0.9% NaCl; 0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms PGE1/0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms PGE2/0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms acetazolamide/0.2 ml 100% ethanol; 250 micrograms PGE1 or PGE2 + 250 micrograms acetazolamide/0.2 ml 100% ethanol. These solutions were given in a single bolus on day 6 postinoculation (PI) or twice daily on days 6-9 PI. Following these treatments the number of parasite ova per gram feces per day for days 6-10 PI and numbers of worms present at necropsy on day 10 PI were determined. Treatment with prostaglandins or acetazolamide or both failed to adversely affect egg deposition by adult female worms or the number of worms in the small intestine. These results do not support the involvement of prostaglandins in the expulsion of N. brasiliensis from the host intestine. PMID- 3482471 TI - Reactivity to the electric shocks and motor depression as a consequence of inescapable shocking: the effect of acute nicergoline and metergoline treatment. PMID- 3482472 TI - Platelet factor 4 in hematological diseases. PMID- 3482473 TI - [Osteoradionecrosis and radiation osteomyelitis of the jaws]. PMID- 3482474 TI - [The composition and size of the macrophage population in foci of chronic aseptic inflammation in animals with changes in immunologic reactivity]. PMID- 3482475 TI - New trends within blood gases, acids and bases, and related quantities in critically ill patients. IFCC Workshop. Copenhagen, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3482476 TI - Evaluation of a quality control material containing hemoglobin for blood gas and pH measurement. AB - A procedure for the preparation of a Stroma-Free Hemoglobin Solution (SFHS) is given. The stability of this SFHS containing Methemoglobin Reductase, can be improved by addition of NADH. The characteristics of the stable SFHS can be manipulated by varying independently the concentrations of bicarbonate and Inositol-Hexa-Phosphate. This way the desired acid-base behaviour and position of the Oxygen Hemoglobin Equilibrium Curve (OHEC) can be obtained. Three SFHS were prepared with acidotic, alkalotic or normal acid-base characteristics and all SFHS had an OHEC in the normal position (actual p50 3.33-3.87 kPa). Results show that: stability of SFHS is 1 year, xHi less than 2.5% after 1 year; p50 decreases about 15% per year; Hill's coefficient, nHill, is constant, but differed between levels; the mean values for nHill are 2.0 for the acidotic level, 2.2 for the normal and 2.4 for the alkalotic level; temperature coefficients for SFHS are: d(pH)/dt = -0.016 pH/degrees C, d(pCO2)/dt = 6.2%/degrees C and d(pO2)/dt = 7.2%/degrees C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tonometered SFHS, of which the pH was measured with the reference method for pH measurement in blood was used on several blood gas analyzers to demonstrate the suitability for pH, pCO2 and pO2 measurement. The SFHS, which contained oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, was also used as a control material for hemoglobin meters and CO Oximeters. It is concluded that SFHS behaves blood-like with respect to pH, pCO2 and pO2 as well as total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin measurements. In contrast to hemoglobin-free aqueous control material, it buffers oxygen in a blood-like manner. Its shelflife is limited compared to the generally used aqueous control materials, but it is sufficient for repetitive use in clinical laboratories. PMID- 3482477 TI - Intravascular pH-ISFET, a method of the future. AB - Since blood pH reflects the metabolic state as well as the functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems, it appears to be one of the vital parameters that should be continuously monitored. The point to point measurement of pH by sampling has limitations, since results are available after some time only. A continuous pH signal is necessary in rapidly changing situations such as often occur during intensive treatment. The application of ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) technology to intravascular pH measurement seemed attractive since these devices offer a short response time, are suitable to miniaturization and fabrication in large quantities, and have a low output impedance. The system was tested in dog experiments. Two to four pH-ISFET catheters were tested simultaneously in each dog. Arterial samples for blood-gas analysis with a Radiometer ABL2 system were taken during periods in which plasma-pH was stable. Clinical trials were performed in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit after coronary artery bypass grafting. Testing the pH-ISFET system in dogs (N = 12) and comparing it with ABL2 measured samples (n = 132 with a pH range of 6.72-7.86), resulted in a delta pH (ISFET-ABL2) of 0.016 +/- 0.024 pH with a maximum deviation of 0.06. The clinical trials proved that the system is well-suited for monitoring intravascular pH in critically ill patients. PMID- 3482478 TI - The use of intermittent and continuous recordings of jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation in the unconscious patient. AB - Monitoring clinical signs in unconscious patients provides only late information about cerebral deterioration. Ischaemia and hypoxia are the mechanisms of much of the damage. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements provide direct evidence of ischaemia but are intermittent values for what may be an unstable situation. Continuous recordings of CBF and oxygenation are more likely to reveal harmful tendencies to ischaemia and hypoxia at an early stage than intermittent readings. We report our experience with intermittent and also continuous recording of the jugular venous bulb oxygen saturation (JVO2Sat) obtained by fibreoptic oximetry in a group of 10 head injured and 7 septic patients. Simultaneous measurements of CBF by an isotopic xenon clearance method were also made. The JVO2Sat has been suggested to be a reliable indicator of cerebral oxygenation, a low value being indicative of ischaemia. We discuss whether our findings support this statement. There are also variations in JVO2Sat with mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. These variations have important implications in the interpretation that can be made of one single value of JVO2Sat. PMID- 3482479 TI - The aADN2 in critically ill patients: is it necessary to measure PaN2? AB - Arterial hypoxemia and hence an increased venous admixture (QVA/QT) in the critically ill patient are mainly due to ventilation-perfusion mismatching in low VA/Q lung regions and/or to true intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt (QS/QT). In 16 intensive care patients the low VA/Q component was evaluated by determining the arterio-alveolar nitrogen partial pressure difference (aADN2). Employing a two compartment model of the lung, the fractional blood flow to a perfused and open, gas-filled but non-ventilated compartment (VA/Q = O) which represents all low VA/Q areas was calculated (QO/QT) from the aADN2 data. These results were compared with continuous ventilation-perfusion distributions obtained by using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. There was a close relationship between QO/QT and the perfusion fraction to lung regions with VA/Q ratios less than 0.6 (r = 0.855, p less than 0.001). The difference QVA/QT-QO/QT yielded a close estimation of the QS/QT value computed according to the SF6 retention (r = 0.952, p less than 0.001). We conclude that the measurement of the aADN2 and the calculation of the QO/QT together with the assessment of QVA/QT allow to estimate the contribution of low VA/Q areas and true right-to-left shunt to arterial hypoxemia at maintenance oxygen partial pressures. PMID- 3482480 TI - Automated integration of blood gases and electrolyte analyses in a datasystem. AB - A software system to make communication between a computer and various chemical analysers has been developed. The entered data can be displayed on the screen as numbers or trend curves and printed or plotted out as a record. The collected data can be computed statistically. The software system has been developed in cooperation with BDATA, Fredensgade 29, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark. PMID- 3482481 TI - A new trend in blood gas chemistry: the measurement of clinically relevant hemoglobin derivatives. Performance of the OSM3 hemoximeter. AB - Supplementing the determination of total hemoglobin (CHb*) and oxygen saturation (SO2) with measuring the fractions (F) of inactive hemoglobins (dyshemoglobins: carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO; methemoglobin, Hi; sulfhemoglobin, SHb) in human blood is becoming common practice in many hospitals. We tested the performance of a new instrument for this purpose, the hemoximeter OSM3 (Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark) by comparing the results with those of an established multiwavelength method (MWM). For 100 fresh blood samples from patients with SO2 ranging between 20 and 100%, the difference between the two methods (OSM3-MWM) was 0.90% SO2 +/- 1.14% (SD). A series of 214 consecutive blood samples from patients with FHbCO ranging from 0 to 12% showed for HbCO a difference (OSM3-MWM) of 0.03% FHbCO +/- 0.47% (SD). In the same blood samples FHi was between 0 and 1.4%. The OSM3 gave a mean value of 0.81%, the MWM 0.47%. In order to put the OSM3 to a more severe test we made from normal human blood several series of specimens with high concentrations of dyshemoglobins. The difference between OSM3 and MWM was for 37 specimens of blood with 1-60% HbCO 0.29% FHbCO +/- 0.96% (SD), and for 34 specimens of blood with 0-70% Hi -0.29% FHi +/- 2.29%. For specimens with high fractions of HbCO and Hi the agreement between the SO2 measurement made with the two methods remained good, even when the dyshemoglobins were present in combination. Hi fractions of up to 70% did not interfere with the measurement of HbCO; the same holds good for the measurement of Hi in the presence of HbCO. PMID- 3482482 TI - Quality control material containing hemoglobin for blood gas and pH measurement: preparation of stroma-free hemoglobin solution. AB - A method for the preparation of stroma-free hemoglobin solution suitable for quality control of blood gas and pH measurements as well as hemoglobinometry, is described. Several methods were compared for purification and lysis of red blood cells. For separation of stroma from hemoglobin solution tangential cross-flow filtration has been used. Diluted hemoglobin solutions were concentrated using various forms of ultrafiltration as well as other methods. A precipitate removing procedure is introduced in which the pH is increased temporarily to 8.0 and the ionic strength is enhanced by adding 130 mmol NaCl per litre stroma-free hemoglobin solution, to remove a precipitate that was observed during tonometry at 37 degrees C in the pH-range 7.4-8.0 and when electrolytes were added to create a plasma-like composition of stroma-free hemoglobin solution. Tests were designed to quickly detect turbidity and precipitate. During storage at 4 degrees C no methemoglobin was formed in contrast with two other types of stroma-free hemoglobin solution, which formed appreciable amounts of methemoglobin within 40 days. PMID- 3482483 TI - Quality control material containing hemoglobin for blood gas and pH measurement: improvement of the stability of stroma-free hemoglobin solution. AB - In stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) formation of methemoglobin (hemiglobin; Hi) occurs over a period of some months, due to the fact that Hi reduction stops in hemolysates. SFHS should contain active hemoglobin (Hb), which is able to bind oxygen and should not contain inactive Hb (Hi, carboxyhemoglobin) which does not bind oxygen. Reversible binding of oxygen by Hb is only possible when the molecule is in its reduced (Fe++) form. In red blood cells (RBC) Hb is in the reduced form. The formation of Hi, which contains Fe as a result of Hb oxidation, is the first step in Hb degradation. This step is reversible in RBC. Previously, we have described the preparation of SFHS containing the methemoglobin reductase (MR) system of RBC. To improve the stability of SFHS, we first investigated the formation of Hi as a function of pH and ionic strength and quantified the MR activity in SFHS. Non-enzymatic Hi reduction was studied with substances as ascorbate and glutathione. Stimulation of MR by EDTA was tested. Inhibition of Hi formation was studied with nicotinic acid amide in the presence and absence of NADH. It is concluded that ascorbate and glutathione are not effective during extended periods of storage of SFHS, and that EDTA causes formation of large amounts of Hi. Nicotinic acid amide did not inhibit Hi formation. NADH, as a substrate for the MR system, is very effective in keeping Hi low. PMID- 3482484 TI - Preparing a quality control material for blood gases, pH and hemoglobinometry using stroma-free hemoglobin solution. AB - Properties of a quality control material for blood gases and pH should be similar to normal human whole blood with respect to oxygen buffering and acid-base behaviour. A hemoglobin solution may potentially fulfill this. However, the drawbacks of such a solution are the high oxygen affinity (lowp50), especially when it is prepared from human blood, and the improper concentration of bicarbonate. Bicarbonate is added to human stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS), prepared as described previously, to obtain the desired pH and pCO2 combinations. Tonometry was used to determine the appropriate concentration of bicarbonate, which is 22.5 mmol/L to obtain an acidotic, and 29 mmol/L for both an alkalotic, and normal pH and pCO2 combination. Inositolhexaphosphate (IHP) is added to SFHS containing bicarbonate to obtain a normal p50 (around 3.55 kPa). Tonometry was used to determine the molar ratio of IHP/Hb4 (mol/mol) at which this is achieved. The molar ratios of IHP/Hb4 are 1.52, 1.74 and 3.40 for preparations with an acidotic, normal and alkalotic pH, respectively. In human SFHS nHill is 2.55 in the absence of IHP,nHill is at minimum 1.71 at a molar ratio IHP/Hb4 of 1.86 and increases to 2.53 at a molar ratio IHP/Hb4 of 5.04 and higher. Because the p50 will decrease with chi Hi this was studied at molar ratios of IHP/Hb4 of 0, 2 and 4, which covers the range of ratios as used. At these molar ratios of 0, 2 and 4, the decrease in p50 is 0.017 kPa/%Hi, 0.023 kPa/%Hi and 0.028 kPa/%Hi, respectively. Because bovine Hb was p50 near that of normal human blood, it is also used. The oxygen affinity shows a small decrease (p50 increases from 3.05 to 5.27 kPa) on addition of IHP. In the absence of IHP, nHill is 2.51 and nHill is at maximum 3.35 at molar ratios IHP/Hb4 between 3.00 to 4.56. At higher molar ratios nHill decreases to 2.90. PMID- 3482485 TI - [AIDS and antiretroviral agents: specificity of azidothymidine]. PMID- 3482486 TI - Abnormal regulation of granulopoiesis by bone marrow fibroblasts in leukemia. AB - Effects of human bone marrow fibroblasts (BMF) on the differentiation of human colony forming units in culture (CFU-C) were investigated in five normal adults, 10 patients with acute leukemia (AL) at the time of diagnosis, five patients with AL at complete remission (CR) and six patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). To determine the effects of BMF on granulopoiesis, normal bone marrow cells were cultured in agar medium on BMF liquid-phase cultures, and the numbers of CFU-C were counted. BMF from either normal subjects, AL at the time of complete remission (CR) or CML enhanced the growth of CFU-C in a few spontaneous CFU-C groups (less than 3 colonies/10(5) cells), whereas BMF obtained from AL at the time of diagnosis failed to enhance the growth. In contrast, BMF from either normal subjects, AL at the time of diagnosis and CR, or CML inhibited the growth of CFU-C in many spontaneous CFU-C groups (greater than 10 colonies/10(5) cells). BMF from AL at the time of diagnosis showed significantly higher inhibitory effect than those from normal subjects (p less than 0.01). When giant cell tumor conditioned medium was used as a source of colony stimulating factor, 26 BMF in total from various subjects inhibited the growth of CFU-C except for four cases (two normal subjects and two AL patients at CR). The degree of inhibition of CFU C growth by BMF from AL at the time of diagnosis was significantly higher than in normal subjects (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3482487 TI - Paid Dental plans to be flexible, adaptable. PMID- 3482488 TI - Peer review. A benefit to the profession and the public. PMID- 3482489 TI - Dental Benefits Committee provides outlet to resolve insurance problems. PMID- 3482491 TI - Dental hygienists deserve freedom to practice alone. PMID- 3482490 TI - Answers to common misconceptions about claims made insurance. PMID- 3482492 TI - Public health is at heart of hygienists issue. PMID- 3482493 TI - Paid Dental. A benefit where everyone wins. PMID- 3482494 TI - I am Joe's overhang ... a fable. PMID- 3482495 TI - Why is one quote higher than another? PMID- 3482496 TI - Are dentists an endangered species? PMID- 3482497 TI - Evaluation of new technologies in endodontics: Part I--The electronic apex locator. PMID- 3482498 TI - Biopsy principles and problems. PMID- 3482499 TI - Care-a-van. PMID- 3482500 TI - The political process. PMID- 3482501 TI - Toward a rekindled professionalism. PMID- 3482502 TI - Children in cars. Some aspects of the safety of children as car passengers in road traffic accidents. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate child safety in cars from different aspects, such as the epidemiology of child injuries and injury assessment, restraint use effectiveness, restraint use limitations and drawbacks, data quality and improper use of child restraints. The materials used for the studies were of different types and sizes. Insurance materials were used for the epidemiological investigation and supplemented with questionnaires, for studies of restraint use effectiveness. Data on injuries reported by the police were used for studies of data quality and of the limitations and drawbacks of restraint use. Observational studies were conducted to detect improper use of child restraints and these were followed-up by dynamic barrier tests to assess possible consequences in frontal collisions. All injuries were classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the risk of death and disability was predicted by RSC (Rating system for Serious Consequences) with modified figures for children. The main conclusions reached were that injury assessing methods derived for adults can be used also for children with some modifications concerning disability risks. Child restraint use was found to be effective in reducing injuries, especially the use of rearward-facing restraints. Injuries occurring in spite of restraint use were often minor in terms of fatality risks, but injuries to the neck and head may cause long-term consequences. The police was found to report only slightly more than half of the injured children reported to the insurance company. Misuse of child restraints was found to exist and may decrease restraint use effectiveness or induce injuries. On the basis of these studies it is recommended that child restraints be incorporated into cars as an in-built system with the same basic design as restraints that are available as extra equipment. Certain considerations should be paid, however, to those injuries occurring among restrained children that entail a risk of medical disability. PMID- 3482503 TI - [Separation and determination of dl-15-methyl PGF2 alpha and its methyl ester by HPLC]. PMID- 3482504 TI - [Synthesis and radioprotective activity of beta-(3-indazolyl)-ethylamine derivatives]. PMID- 3482505 TI - Conformational flexibility of ring A in a series of substituted anthracyclines: 1H-n.m.r. and quantum mechanical studies. PMID- 3482506 TI - [Application of the Cerestore technic to inlays: preliminary study]. PMID- 3482507 TI - [Elemental analysis of metallic deposits derived from dental restoration at the level of hyperpigmented zones of the gingiva]. PMID- 3482508 TI - [Maintenance of alveolar bone height in view of improvements in prosthetic conditions. 2. Carbon fibers: animal experiments and clinical surgical protocol]. PMID- 3482509 TI - CA125 and endometriosis. PMID- 3482510 TI - Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, primary empty sella, and acute lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - A young man is reported with an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) characterized by Addison's disease, primary hypothyroidism, primary hypogonadism, vitiligo, associated with primary empty sella and partial impairment of pituitary hormone secretion. Two years later the patient showed a null cell type acute lymphocytic leukaemia, immediately after surgery for an inguinal hernia. Pathogenetic mechanisms are postulated on the basis of HLA studies and lymphocytic typing. PMID- 3482511 TI - [Experimental studies on laser diagnosis and therapy of oral carcinomas following tumor-selective photosensitization to a hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). Preliminary report]. PMID- 3482512 TI - [Electroencephalographic studies in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome]. PMID- 3482513 TI - [Iodine-125 as an adjunct in the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue. An alternative to conventional interstitial radiotherapy using Au-198]. PMID- 3482515 TI - [Projection of the temporomandibular joint with a new imaging technic]. PMID- 3482514 TI - [Cystic choristoma of rhino-epithelial origin in the orbit]. PMID- 3482516 TI - [The value of sinus endoscopy in the scope of treatment planning for inflammatory maxillary sinus diseases]. PMID- 3482517 TI - [Bone fracture healing in the maxilla after adaptive mini-plate osteosynthesis. An experimental animal study]. PMID- 3482518 TI - [A calibrated double cast method for model simulation in surgical orthodontics]. PMID- 3482520 TI - [The pros and cons of antioncotic agents]. PMID- 3482519 TI - [The behavior of variously sterilized allogenic lyophilized cartilage implants in animal experiments]. PMID- 3482521 TI - [The primary reconstruction of structures of the oropharynx]. PMID- 3482522 TI - [Prognathism surgery. Results of a follow-up study]. PMID- 3482523 TI - [Secondary reconstruction of the inferior walls of the mouth following radical tumor resection]. PMID- 3482524 TI - [Post-treatment control of endosseous implants]. PMID- 3482525 TI - [Closure of oroantral perforations with hydroxylapatite ceramic]. PMID- 3482526 TI - [Experimental study on the long-term use of retention plates following vestibuloplasty]. PMID- 3482527 TI - [3-dimensional photoelastic analysis of internal stress on the periodontium]. PMID- 3482528 TI - [Preliminary study on salivary lysozyme activity in the menstrual period]. PMID- 3482529 TI - [Malignant oromaxillary lymphoma. Report of 33 cases]. PMID- 3482530 TI - [Zygomatic buccal vestibuloplasty]. PMID- 3482531 TI - [Effects of immediate Al2O3-ceramic implants after tooth extraction]. PMID- 3482532 TI - [Morphological study of primary dentition and occlusion]. PMID- 3482534 TI - [Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the cheek. Report of 65 cases]. PMID- 3482533 TI - [Preliminary study of the treatment of deep caries and pulpitis with potassium nitrate and zinc phosphate cement paste]. PMID- 3482535 TI - [Applied anatomy of the foramen rotundum of the skull]. PMID- 3482536 TI - [Direct measuring of the galvanic current between different metal prostheses in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3482537 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve]. PMID- 3482538 TI - [Report of findings on caries in 4241 pupils of Nan Tong County]. PMID- 3482539 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma using 2 associated monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3482540 TI - Electrical current and its relationship to teeth and caries. PMID- 3482541 TI - Dentistry and society in concert. PMID- 3482543 TI - Global judgement in evaluating dental student clinical performance. PMID- 3482542 TI - Draining facial sinus tracts of dental origin. PMID- 3482544 TI - Advanced education program in general dentistry at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. PMID- 3482547 TI - Don't look to MDs for marketing tips. PMID- 3482548 TI - Professional ways to generate patient referrals. PMID- 3482545 TI - Characterization and hormonal regulation of casein kinase II activity in heterotransplanted human breast tumors in nude mice. AB - Cytosolic casein kinase type II activity has been identified in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells heterotransplanted into athymic nude mice. Sephacryl S-300 chromatography of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cytosols revealed a major peak of casein kinase activity with an estimated molecular weight of 150,000. This peak was further characterized and optimal conditions for breast tumor casein kinase activity were established. Polylysine (10 micrograms) acted as a potent stimulator with casein as the phosphate acceptor protein. This enzyme used both ATP and GTP as phosphate donors and the Km for GTP was 10 microM. The rate of phosphorylation with increasing concentrations of [gamma-32p]GTP revealed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics and Vmax was approached at a concentration of 30 microM GTP. MgCl2 stimulated enzyme activity at concentrations between 10-20 mM. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, inhibited casein kinase type II activity in a dose dependent manner. MCF-7 (hormone-dependent) human breast cancer cells (2-3 X 10(6)) were inoculated into the mammary fat pads of nude mice, supplemented with a 0.5 mg estradiol pellet. To determine the influence of various regulatory agents on casein kinase activity in vivo, tumor-bearing mice were treated for five days with estradiol, progesterone, dexamethasone or tamoxifen. Casein kinase type II was partially purified by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column and assayed in the presence of polylysine and casein. Dexamethasone treatment significantly decreased casein kinase II activity in MCF-7 tumors, which are receptor-positive for estrogen, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 3482546 TI - An open letter to Georgetown. PMID- 3482549 TI - Eleven money management ideas you can use. PMID- 3482550 TI - How high income dentists manage their practices. Interview by Chris Altman. PMID- 3482552 TI - The treatment conference: how to encourage case acceptance. PMID- 3482551 TI - Facts you should know about independent contractor status. PMID- 3482553 TI - Is capitation for you? How to decide. PMID- 3482554 TI - Dentists and the law. Assistant with AIDS. PMID- 3482555 TI - Drugs in dentistry. Managing xerostomia. PMID- 3482556 TI - Location, location, location. PMID- 3482557 TI - The future of dentistry: 30 trends to watch for. PMID- 3482558 TI - Personnel policies in the dental office: what's legal, what's not? PMID- 3482559 TI - High tech dentistry: what does the future hold? PMID- 3482560 TI - The simplest system for stocking your shelves. PMID- 3482561 TI - Rotary electric toothbrushing. Clinical effects on the presence of gingivitis and supragingival dental plaque. PMID- 3482563 TI - Children's attitudes resulting from a dental health fair. PMID- 3482562 TI - Oral irrigation devices. A clinical evaluation. PMID- 3482564 TI - Professional socialization: a comparison of dental hygiene graduates' professional attitudes and interpersonal values. PMID- 3482565 TI - Celebrating professional excellence. PMID- 3482566 TI - Distal mesial plaque index. A technique for assessing dental plaque about the gingiva. PMID- 3482567 TI - Examiner reliability in evaluating dental sealants. PMID- 3482568 TI - Case report. Labial cervical abrasion caused by misuse of dental floss. PMID- 3482569 TI - Oral hygiene practices in a group of Asian females. PMID- 3482570 TI - Dental awareness for mentally handicapped children. PMID- 3482571 TI - Understanding stress. PMID- 3482572 TI - Improved hygiene productivity. PMID- 3482573 TI - Introducing porcelain inlays and onlays. PMID- 3482574 TI - Making that collection call. PMID- 3482575 TI - More dentists move into upper levels of practice incomes. PMID- 3482576 TI - Interview with ADA president-elect Dr. James A. Saddoris: "Let's work together to make dentistry all it can be!" by H. Ronald Combs. PMID- 3482578 TI - Computer conversion: the hidden costs. PMID- 3482577 TI - Marketing by the seasons. PMID- 3482581 TI - Are tax-free funds right for you? PMID- 3482580 TI - Investing in fine art. PMID- 3482579 TI - The ins and outs of dental insurance. PMID- 3482582 TI - Drug abusers show distinct patterns. PMID- 3482583 TI - It's time to consider implants. PMID- 3482584 TI - 1987 practice survey--part 2. Solos are lowering overhead costs. PMID- 3482585 TI - Releasing control. PMID- 3482587 TI - Integrating implants into your practice. PMID- 3482586 TI - Uncover your patients' fears. PMID- 3482588 TI - Infection control protects more than health. PMID- 3482589 TI - IRS issues independent contractor guidelines. PMID- 3482590 TI - Creating wealth. PMID- 3482591 TI - Telephone presentation aid in patient retention. PMID- 3482592 TI - Providing a needed service. PMID- 3482593 TI - The dentist is a banker. Interview by Marian Bond. PMID- 3482596 TI - Taking time out. PMID- 3482594 TI - Counterpoint: hygiene productivity. PMID- 3482595 TI - More groups and partnerships leasing equipment in 1986. PMID- 3482597 TI - The nutrition revolution: confusing, but simple! PMID- 3482598 TI - Dentistry in the land of smiles. PMID- 3482599 TI - Does your staff feel appreciated? PMID- 3482600 TI - The cradle of success. PMID- 3482601 TI - The business side of design. PMID- 3482602 TI - Improving productivity by design. PMID- 3482603 TI - Designing for patient comfort. PMID- 3482604 TI - Develop a custom welcome brochure for new patients. PMID- 3482605 TI - How to select a lawyer. PMID- 3482606 TI - Prosthetic rehabilitation. PMID- 3482607 TI - Preparing early for retirement. PMID- 3482608 TI - You can't get good help these days: Part 1--Management. PMID- 3482609 TI - You can't get good help these days: Part 2--Motivation. PMID- 3482610 TI - Shaping the future. PMID- 3482612 TI - Microcomputers in laboratory management. Part six: Wordprocessors (1). PMID- 3482611 TI - Why not charge enough?. Interview by Karen Broadribb. PMID- 3482614 TI - Transformation scene at the bank. PMID- 3482613 TI - Crossing over to Southern China. PMID- 3482615 TI - Recommendations on decontamination. PMID- 3482616 TI - Latest UK AIDS figures reported. PMID- 3482617 TI - Insolvency (1): averting disaster. PMID- 3482618 TI - Insolvency (2): financial troubles. PMID- 3482619 TI - Associateships and partnerships. PMID- 3482620 TI - The financial treatment plan and case presentation. PMID- 3482621 TI - The Tax Reform Act of 1986: what do we do now? PMID- 3482622 TI - Treating ectopic eruptions. PMID- 3482623 TI - Acute promyelocytic leukemia following multiple myeloma (a case report). PMID- 3482625 TI - Semiquantitative cytochemistry in acute leukaemia. PMID- 3482624 TI - Priapism in chronic myeloid leukaemia: combined medical & surgical treatment. A report on two patients. PMID- 3482626 TI - [The behavior of metal-ceramic alloys as tested by traction-creep]. PMID- 3482627 TI - [Surgical treatment of Class II]. PMID- 3482628 TI - [Mucogingival surgery in periodontology]. PMID- 3482630 TI - [Spectral analysis of time period and frequency in electromyography of masticatory muscles]. PMID- 3482632 TI - [A clinical case of orthodontics in an adult: a proposed compromise therapy]. PMID- 3482629 TI - [Extirpation of the pulp preceded by anesthesia or devitalization]. PMID- 3482631 TI - [Structural homogeneity of acrylic resins: S.E.M. analysis]. PMID- 3482633 TI - [Pathologic fracture of the mandible due to neoplastic invasion. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 3482635 TI - [Clinical-statistical study of leukoplakia and carcinoma from the School of Dentistry clinic and the Institute of Pathology at the University of Pavia 1982 1985]. PMID- 3482634 TI - [Use of the bronchoscope for intratracheal intubation in oral surgery]. PMID- 3482636 TI - [Treatment of periodontal bone defects with ceramic tricalcium phosphate: clinico histological evaluation]. PMID- 3482637 TI - [Optimization of orthopantomography]. PMID- 3482638 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): recent developments and oral manifestations]. PMID- 3482639 TI - [Evaluation of vaccination against hepatitis B virus in dental students]. PMID- 3482640 TI - [Association between smoking and oral hygiene]. PMID- 3482641 TI - [Ischemic pulp reactions in the teeth of dogs. Histologic study after the experimental interruption of the neurovascular supply of 1 of the root canals in multi-rooted teeth]. PMID- 3482642 TI - [Coronally repositioned flaps]. PMID- 3482643 TI - [Evaluation and distribution of fixed dentures in patients with periodontitis]. PMID- 3482644 TI - [The treatment of edentulous ridge gingival defects with free gingival connective tissue grafts]. PMID- 3482645 TI - [Histological study of the effect on the mouth mucosa of antiseptics used in root canal therapy. Experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 3482646 TI - [Endodontic therapy in a single appointment: clinico-statistical study of single rooted teeth. I. Study on postoperative symptoms (a preliminary report)]. PMID- 3482648 TI - A trustee's concerns about dentistry. PMID- 3482647 TI - [Synthetic posterior composite resins]. PMID- 3482649 TI - Dental care for pregnant patients. PMID- 3482650 TI - Endodontic flare-ups: prevention and treatment. PMID- 3482652 TI - No-shows: give yourself the winning edge! PMID- 3482651 TI - Lawsuits and you. PMID- 3482653 TI - One-visit endodontics. PMID- 3482654 TI - [Gunshot wounds: evaluation and treatment]. PMID- 3482655 TI - [Between the perception and the diagnosis: fundamental dental needs and efficient services for institutionalized elderly persons]. PMID- 3482656 TI - [Psycho-functional aspects of prosthetic integration in the completely edentulous patient]. PMID- 3482657 TI - [Epidemiological survey of the oro-dental status of myopathic children and adolescents in a health care center in the Pyrenees-Atlantics (France)]. PMID- 3482658 TI - [Recurrent ameloblastoma of the upper jaw]. PMID- 3482659 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Scleroderma type II]. PMID- 3482660 TI - CA 15.3 as a tumour marker in breast cancer. AB - CA 15.3 is an antigenic determinant associated with human mammary carcinomas. Two murine monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the determinants, and an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA-Kit, Centocor, USA) has been developed to determine the antigen levels in plasma of cancer patients. Based on the 99% confidence limit of healthy women, plasma values above 30 U/ml are considered abnormal. Plasma samples from 357 women were examined in the present study. Healthy females (n = 84) ranged below the cut-off level between less than 10 and 29 U/ml. Higher values were found in 12.5% of benign breast diseases and in 23.6% of breast cancer patients, including all stages. Depending on the stage of the disease, there were elevated levels in 11% of operable breast cancer patients preoperatively, in 7% of the cases with no evidence of disease after primary treatment and in 63.5% of patients with disseminated mammary carcinoma. In metastasized breast cancer the frequency and the degree of abnormal titers were closely related to the extent of the metastatic disease. Follow-up examinations of 63 patients under cytotoxic therapy showed CA 15.3 changes correlating well with the clinical course in up to 90% of the antigen positive cases. The present data indicate that CA 15.3 may be useful in the surveillance of breast cancer patients. However in our study one third of the patients with metastatic breast cancer did not show any increase in CA 15.3 and must be regarded as antigen negative. PMID- 3482661 TI - Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and CA 125 assays in detection of human ovarian cancer: preliminary results. AB - Serum levels of the immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and CA-125 were measured in 45 patients with ovarian tumors (30 malignant and 15 benign) before surgery. Concentrations of both markers were slightly increased in benign forms but still within the upper limit for controls. The sensitivity of IAP in detecting ovarian cancer was higher than CA-125 (83.4% versus 76.7%). Five false negatives were observed in IAP assay and seven for CA-125. Parallel determination of both markers, however, improved the diagnostic accuracy up to 90.0% of the total malignant cases. Combined measurements of circulating IAP and CA-125 are therefore recommended in the detection of ovarian cancers. PMID- 3482662 TI - Value of CA 19-9 assay in serum and duodenal juice in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic disease. AB - Levels of CA 19-9 in the serum and duodenal juice of nine patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC), ten patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) and ten healthy volunteers (C) were determined by immunoassay. Duodenal juice was obtained by duodenal intubation during the secretin caerulein test. Elevated CA 19-9 levels in the serum were significantly more frequent in PC than in CCP patients, but two PC patients gave levels only slightly above the cut-off value of 37 U/ml. CA 19-9 levels in duodenal juice were significantly higher in PC than in CCP patient, but there was some overlap between them; no overlapping was seen between PC or CCP group and controls. Two PC patients with duodenal juice CA 19-9 levels overlapping those of CCP were the same who showed only a slight rise in serum CA 19-9 levels. The CA 19-9 to total protein ratio in duodenal juice did not permit better discrimination between PC and CCP. We conclude that CA 19-9 assay in duodenal juice can differentiate healthy subjects from patients with pancreatic diseases, but it cannot improve the differential diagnosis between CCP and PC patients with a slight rise of CA 19-9 levels in serum. PMID- 3482664 TI - [Receptor abnormalities and diseases. Anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody and thyroid diseases]. PMID- 3482663 TI - CEA- monoclonal antibody as a marker of myeloid tissue in bone marrow biopsies. PMID- 3482665 TI - Nasal mast cells: a preliminary report on their ultrastructure. AB - The ultrastructure of mast cells found in normal inferior turbinate was compared with the features found in the inferior turbinate in two groups of patients, those with allergic rhinitis due to dust mite hypersensitivity and those with nasal polyps; the latter group also had their polyps studied. Adenoid tissue was examined in children with secretory otitis media to see if there was evidence of mast cell degranulation, which would support the hypothesis that either local allergic or other mast cell-mediated reactions caused the condition. The mast cells from five normal turbinates varied considerably in size, shape and distribution, but were found mainly in the submucosa. There was no difference in the morphology of cells of different sizes and they could not be sub-grouped into either connective tissue or mucosal mast cells. Most granules were electron dense and homogeneous, although scrolls and crystalline structures were seen occasionally. Some of the granules contained lighter material and others had become vacuoles. Mitochondria were present in all cells suggesting active metabolism. The three patients with allergic rhinitis showed extensive but variable degranulation of the mast cells in all depths of the mucosa. Nine of the 10 cases with nasal polyps had mast cells identified in both the polyp and the turbinate. They were only normal in one turbinate and in one patient it was impossible to identify mast cells. All the mast cells were degranulated extensively in all other specimens. The adenoids from seven children had identifiable mast cells, which were less frequently found than in the turbinates. There was some degranulation in four of the patients and in one it was fairly extensive. PMID- 3482666 TI - Health factors associated with food intolerances among Meals-On-Wheels clientele. PMID- 3482667 TI - [Orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal lesions]. PMID- 3482668 TI - [AIDS and its virus]. PMID- 3482669 TI - [Periodontal diseases and AIDS]. PMID- 3482670 TI - [Canal obturation: clinical considerations]. PMID- 3482671 TI - [What is the relation between basic research and clinical research?]. PMID- 3482672 TI - [Pathologic root resorption and the safe apical limit]. PMID- 3482673 TI - [Morphological study of automated endodontic instruments]. PMID- 3482674 TI - [Diagnostic classification by lesion level and its codification]. PMID- 3482675 TI - [Apprenticeship in the diagnostic method]. PMID- 3482676 TI - [Video instruction in diagnosis]. PMID- 3482677 TI - [Clinical instruction in diagnosis]. PMID- 3482678 TI - [A study of the conditions of stress in hospitalized children]. PMID- 3482679 TI - The correlation between nasal eosinophilia and the allergic appearance of nasal mucosa. PMID- 3482680 TI - Comparative studies on the status of invariant tryptophan residue in alpha bungarotoxin and cobrotoxin. PMID- 3482681 TI - Triterpenoids and steroids from the leaves of Sambucus formosana Nakai. PMID- 3482682 TI - [Mesenteric venous thrombosis following splenectomy]. PMID- 3482683 TI - [A study of the correlation between levels of serum minerals and the physical growth of school-age children on the off-shore Island of Penghu]. PMID- 3482684 TI - [Multielement determination in cigarette tobacco by instrumental neutron activation analysis]. PMID- 3482685 TI - [Blood groups and bladder cancer]. PMID- 3482686 TI - [Perceived stressors and coping strategies of mothers of school-aged children with leukemia]. PMID- 3482687 TI - [The clinical usefulness of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein tests in the diagnosis of acute bacterial infections]. PMID- 3482689 TI - [Purification and characterization of hemorrhagic toxins from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus]. PMID- 3482688 TI - Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3482690 TI - [Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among hospital personnel]. PMID- 3482691 TI - Morphological changes of horseshoe crab amebocytes during in vitro cultivation. PMID- 3482692 TI - [Evaluation of the acute effect of contrast medium on left ventricular function by echocardiography]. PMID- 3482693 TI - [Bone metastases of malignancies. A radionuclide study]. PMID- 3482694 TI - Effect of the age factor on the kinetics of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic rats. PMID- 3482695 TI - [Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm comparison between elective operation and emergency operation]. PMID- 3482696 TI - Calcified chronic subdural hematoma: a case report. PMID- 3482697 TI - [Serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels before and after biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 3482698 TI - [Topical corticosteroid induced changes in the cutaneous basal lamina: scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 3482700 TI - Quantitative study of the conus/optic disc ratio among myopes with a planimeter. PMID- 3482699 TI - [Factors affecting human lymphocyte microtiter cultures]. PMID- 3482701 TI - Effect of polysorbates on percutaneous absorption of indomethacin from ointment in rabbits. PMID- 3482702 TI - Synthesis of certain 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) 6-azauracils as potential antiviral agents. PMID- 3482703 TI - Flow volume loops in airway obstruction: analysis of six typical examples with obstructions at different locations. PMID- 3482704 TI - [Quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gastric juice in patients with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3482705 TI - T cell antigen receptor gene rearrangement in acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3482707 TI - Retirement by merger: your competitor may be your greatest asset. Part II. PMID- 3482706 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in patients with severe renal impairment]. PMID- 3482708 TI - Acquisition management: don't let satisfied customers feel a difference. PMID- 3482709 TI - The partial denture experiment. PMID- 3482710 TI - Zidovudine for AIDS. PMID- 3482711 TI - [Correlation of histopathology and application of CA 19/9 monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of Vater's ampulla epithelial neoplasms]. PMID- 3482712 TI - [Mast cells and basophils in the bone marrow of children with lymphoblastic leukemia and hypoplasia of the hematopoietic system]. PMID- 3482713 TI - [Infectious complications in children with lymphoblastic leukemia treated by the Riehm method]. PMID- 3482715 TI - [Training in Holland]. PMID- 3482716 TI - [Sub-prosthetic bacterial plaque in removable dentures. Ultrastructural study (1)]. PMID- 3482714 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3482717 TI - [Sub-prosthetic bacterial plaque in removable dentures (3). Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 3482718 TI - [Gold: focus on its tolerance and its biocompatibility]. PMID- 3482719 TI - [Prolonged vascular access for hematological treatments: experience in the city of Puebla]. PMID- 3482720 TI - [Features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 93 patients at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran"]. PMID- 3482722 TI - [The lateral pterygoid muscle and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: early diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3482721 TI - [Vascular pain of the face: diagnosis, physiopathogenesis, treatment]. PMID- 3482723 TI - [Vascular networks of the palatal vault: surgical implications]. PMID- 3482724 TI - [AIDS. 1987 concepts]. PMID- 3482725 TI - [Halitosis]. PMID- 3482727 TI - [Reactive dentin. Clinical and histopathological aspects]. PMID- 3482726 TI - [Experimental study of variations in pulp pressure in the canine teeth of dogs as effected by lateral traction forces]. PMID- 3482728 TI - [Effect on the growth of 5 bacterial species of oral flora of a menthol-thymol salicylic acid-tetracaine chlorhydrate compound]. PMID- 3482729 TI - [Rotary instruments and their left or right cutting movements, ergonomic impact]. PMID- 3482730 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study of the effect of the enamel chisel at the level of axial and cervical margins of occluso-proximal cavities]. PMID- 3482731 TI - [Chronic maxillary sinusitis caused by a large peri-coronal intra-sinus cyst]. PMID- 3482733 TI - Juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Juvenile Chronic Arthritis is a relatively uncommon childhood disease. There are no absolute diagnostic tests and many classification criteria have evolved (4, 15, 7) based variably on joint number, disease course, associated clinical features and rheumatoid factor seropositivity. These are of no help diagnostically, but do allow investigative and follow-up studies to compare like with like. It is generally accepted that there are three main modes of onset, the commonest being pauci-articular with less than five joints in the first 3 to 6 months. Arising from the population immediately around the old MRC rheumatism unit at the Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital, Taplow, this accounted for 68%, with a poly-articular onset in 20% and systemic onset in 12%. Despite this low incidence of systemic illness, it remains a great challenge. PMID- 3482732 TI - Immunological aspects of the rheumatoid synovium. AB - The characteristics of the immunocompetent lymphoid cells which have invaded the synovial membrane during rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders are briefly reviewed. Various functional aspects of these cells are also discussed. PMID- 3482734 TI - The individuality of the immune response. AB - The high degree of polymorphism of the genes controlling the immune system makes immune reactivity of any being very individualized. Self non self recognition, rejection of non-self is the most clear and common expression of this individuality. Moreover antigen experience, chance and even psychological conditions may further affect the immune response characteristics so contributing to enhance the individuality of the "way of reacting" and, therefore, of susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. In this perspective man can consider himself as a true biological ego. PMID- 3482735 TI - A chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome. A specific entity analysed in 30 patients. AB - We have studied the clinical presentation and course of a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in childhood and observed in 30 patients. The first symptoms were generally present at birth, except in a few patients where they were first noticed in early infancy. All the patients had the association of three main symptoms: neurological, cutaneous and articular. The skin rash was the first symptom observed in all the patients and looked like a chronic non pruritic urticaria varying during the day. The articular manifestations involved knees, ankles and feet, elbows, wrists and hands unaffecting the other joints. They could be mild giving arthritis during flare-ups or severe with major radiological modifications affecting the epiphysis, metaphysis and growth cartilage. The neurological manifestations were characterized by a chronic meningitis and symptoms indicating meningeal irritation: headaches, seizures, spasticity of legs. Most patients had a cerebral atrophy and a low IQ. Sensory organ involvement occurred progressively during the follow-up: ocular inflammation with optic atrophy, deafness and hoarseness. Common morphological features characterized these patients with short stature, head enlargement, saddle back nose and short and thick extremities with clubbing of fingers. The course was that of a chronic inflammatory disease with numerous flare-ups associating fever, splenomegaly and adenomegaly. Except for a high level of eosinophils in blood, CSF and tissues, the biology was non specific and only exhibited features of inflammation. Except for two families, the disease was sporadic. A high frequency of prematurity with features resembling a foetal infection was observed but no proof of a possible causal virus has so far been found so that etiology remains unknown. PMID- 3482736 TI - Methodological problems--juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - This group of diseases comprises a heterogeneous syndrome with several characteristics different from adult rheumatoid arthritis. They are characterized by joint swelling, pain/tenderness, heat and limitation of motion with or without several extra-articular manifestations. The natural course is fluctuating. There is no uniform disease course. The prognosis is better for children than adults with rheumatic disorders. The etiology is partly known and the pathogenesis unclear. There are no uniformly accepted diagnostic criteria. Patient materials studied need therefore be described in detail. The methods used for evaluation of disease and functional activities are crucial. The statistical methods, ethical problems including consent/assent are highly relevant. The management including drug therapy, drug handling and compliance need also to be considered. Due to relative rareness of the syndrome, preferably a few investigators that think alike need to collaborate for more efficient and ethically sound investigations of such patients. PMID- 3482737 TI - Immunogenetics of juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - The current knowledge of the relationship between the HLA system and the different forms of Juvenile Chronic Arthritis is reviewed: Of the different forms the Early Onset Pauciarticular JCA is associated with DRw8, DR5 and A2, the Polyarticular Onset Rheumatoid Factor positive JCA shows the same pattern of association as does the Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis namely with DR4 and DR1. Juvenile Spondylitis is strongly related to the presence of B27. For the other clinical forms of Juvenile Chronic arthritis the data are not sufficiently well established to give a definite association. In Early Onset Pauciarticular JCA the association with the DR antigens DRw8 and DR5 is independent of that with HLA-A2. Thus there must be at least two HLA linked regions contributing to susceptibility to this form of JCA, one in the region of HLA-A and the other one in the HLA-DR region. If Early Onset Pauciarticular JCA is analysed according to the type of onset (Monoarticular, with large joints, with large and small joints, with small joints only and with Iridocyclitis) there are no significant differences in the frequencies for the associated DR alleles DR5 and DRw8. The antigen DR4 is not found at all in patients with Monoarticular Onset and in increasing frequencies with the increased number of involved joints. Analysis of the same patients according to the clinical course of the disease (Persistent Pauciarticular, Extended Pauciarticular, Polyarticular) shows that again there are no significant deviations for the associated antigens A2, DR5, DRw8. DR4 is not found in the group with Persistent Pauciarticular Disease. PMID- 3482738 TI - [Measurement of the vertical dimension of the maxillary sinus on orthopantomographs]. PMID- 3482739 TI - [Computers, capabilities and applications. Basic principles]. PMID- 3482740 TI - [The use of computers in dentistry]. PMID- 3482741 TI - [Biosystems simulations using computers: recent experiences with an application to cephalometry]. PMID- 3482742 TI - [The use of computers in dentistry--evaluation of a survey]. PMID- 3482743 TI - [The usefulness of aspiration during anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve]. PMID- 3482744 TI - [The treatment of patients with unknown medical histories]. PMID- 3482745 TI - [Reactions caused by administered drugs]. PMID- 3482746 TI - [Fractures of the crowns of teeth and their treatment]. PMID- 3482747 TI - [Theoretical presentation of biosystem simulations using computers]. PMID- 3482748 TI - [Non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) in dentistry]. PMID- 3482749 TI - Mediastinal tumor with basophilia terminating in acute leukemia. PMID- 3482750 TI - [Bone scintigraphy of the sinuses]. PMID- 3482751 TI - [Acute pulmonary failure in acetylsalicylic acid poisoning]. PMID- 3482752 TI - [The risk of malignancy in cartilagenous exostoses and enchondromas]. PMID- 3482754 TI - [Effect of administration of hydrocortisone and dipyridamole (persantin) on plasma levels of prostaglandin E1 and F2 alpha in patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3482755 TI - [Malignant diseases in the mouth, jaw and facial regions]. PMID- 3482753 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite levels in normal and uterine-infected postpartum cows. AB - The stable metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha,15 keto-13,14 dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), was measured from peripheral blood samples collected at specified intervals postpartum from 7 normal dairy cows and 4 cows with apparent endometritis. Plasma PFGM levels were significantly (P less than .05) elevated for the first 5 days postpartum in the cows with endometritis (ranging from 4.0 to 5.0 ng/ml) compared to the controls (approximately 1.0 ng/ml). Beyond 5 days postpartum, plasma PGFM levels were not significantly different and decreased to approximately 0.4 ng/ml by day 13 in both groups. Time to uterine involution was not different between groups (less than 30 days). Therefore, uterine infections in cows during the puerperium was associated with elevated circulating PGFM levels. These findings and the observation that PGF2 alpha is not uterotonic in the puerperal cow do not suggest a therapeutic use of PGF2 alpha in order to evacuate the uterus. PMID- 3482756 TI - [Development trends in investments by dentists. Operational and national economic analysis]. PMID- 3482757 TI - [Preprosthetic surgical procedures in ambulatory care]. PMID- 3482759 TI - [Analysis of management costs]. PMID- 3482758 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in dental practice]. PMID- 3482760 TI - [Color accents relax the atmosphere. Color in dental practice]. PMID- 3482761 TI - [Amalgam filling materials. Avoidance during pregnancy]. PMID- 3482762 TI - [Tested dental materials]. PMID- 3482764 TI - [Acceptance of individualized prevention in dental practice]. PMID- 3482763 TI - [The significance of sugar substitutes in caries prevention]. PMID- 3482765 TI - [Stomatognathic system: can functional disorders be treated using hypno suggestive therapy?]. PMID- 3482766 TI - [Ergonomics, dentists' health. 3]. PMID- 3482767 TI - [Ergonomics, dentists' health. 4]. PMID- 3482769 TI - [Office computer systems. A good contract provides security]. PMID- 3482768 TI - [Therapy of enamel caries: filling or remineralization?]. PMID- 3482770 TI - [When are bakers' caries an occupational disease?]. PMID- 3482771 TI - [Materials science evaluation of ceramic crowns]. PMID- 3482772 TI - [Fluoride as a nutritional factor]. PMID- 3482773 TI - [Ergonomics, dentists' health. 5]. PMID- 3482774 TI - [Material, manipulation and ergonomics: parameter of successful amalgam filling therapy]. PMID- 3482775 TI - [Entering the office organization]. PMID- 3482776 TI - [Emergencies in the office: incident following Ultracain D-S administration]. PMID- 3482777 TI - Hair cell distributions in the normal human cochlea. AB - This supplement presents the results of a collaborative project between workers from several European nations. The study was started in order to provide data describing the distribution of the sensory hair cells in the normal human cochlea and to allow the evaluation of age-related changes in the hair cell density. Fifty-three cochleas (including nine from fetuses) were preserved by perilymphatic perfusion with fixative shortly after death. In the non-fetal material the hearing was clinically normal prior to death. Some subjects had audiograms available and these also had to be normal for their age for inclusion of the cochlea in the study. Dissection of cochleas permitted surface preparation techniques to be used to count the hair cells and allow the hair cell density to be described as inner or outer hair cells per mm. The total length in mm of each cochlea was also measured (Length). The location of each hair cell density count was defined as distance in mm from the base (Distance), distance in mm from the apex (Length minus Distance), or as a proportion of the total length of the cochlea when the location of that count was measured as distance from the base (Distance/Length). The material was allocated to one of six age bands. For each age band and at each point in the cochlea for which data existed the average hair cell density and its standard deviation were calculated. This allowed average cytocochleograms to be drawn for both inner and outer hair cells. The proportional method of representation of location within the cochlea gave the best fit of the available data and the proportional cytocochleograms are presented, although the data for all three methods are included in tabular form. The average cytocochleograms indicate a progressive age-related loss of outer hair cells. This loss was exacerbated at both the apical and basal ends of the cochlea. The overall loss was less marked for the inner hair cell population but was accentuated at the base, like that of the inner hair cells, although not at the apex. With the proportional datasets, and taking fetal age as zero, a model of hair cell loss was developed. A simple linear equation in the form: Hair cell density(i) = (Age in years X Age Coefficient(i)) + Constant(i) gave the best fit at each proportional location (i) for both inner and outer hair. The age coefficients and constants are given in tables for inner and outer hair cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3482778 TI - The Oral Pathology Biopsy Service. PMID- 3482779 TI - [Research on anti-LAV antibodies and HBs antigens in certain population groups in Madagascar]. PMID- 3482780 TI - [1987 report of proceedings of the German Society for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2. Report of sessions]. PMID- 3482781 TI - Neuro-otological findings in a case of Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome with nystagmus. AB - Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome is a very rare disease that develops in childhood with main symptoms of cataract, ataxia, mental deficiency and microsomia, and is regarded as a type of spinocerebellar degeneration. The author performed the neuro-otological tests on a case of suspected Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome. The patient exhibited bilateral congenital cataract, mild cerebellar symptoms, bilateral gaze nystagmus with rebound nystagmus, mental retardation, deformity and muscular atrophy of the limbs. Though cerebellar symptoms of the limb were mild, the findings of bilateral gaze nystagmus that appeared most notably immediately after lateral gaze and diminished gradually thereafter with rebound nystagmus suggested cerebellar disturbances. Marked atrophy of the cerebellar hemisphere in CT scans supported the neurootological findings. The author agrees to the opinion of Skre and Locken who included Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome in the cerebellar form of spinocerebellar degeneration. PMID- 3482782 TI - [Enoxacin: characteristics and determination by HPLC]. PMID- 3482783 TI - Imaging of human tumors and organs with N-13-labeled L-methionine. AB - The work described herein is the first reported use of nitrogen-13-labeled L methionine in human subjects. Three volunteers and 14 patients with a variety of solid tumors were scanned after intravenous administration of L-(N-13) methionine. In both volunteers and cancer patients, uptake of label was seen in the liver and pancreas, with smaller amounts of label detected in the heart, urinary bladder, and salivary glands. Concentration of N-13 in tumor was seen in 12 of the 14 cancer patients. Five had repeat studies after chemotherapy; in each case, the change in tumor uptake of N-13 after N-13 methionine injection paralleled the clinical response to chemotherapy. Three patients had L-(N-13) glutamate scans the same day that they were studied with N-13 methionine. Concentration of the radiolabel in the tumor was very similar for the two compounds in each case. The systemic distribution of N-13 from methionine is similar to that from glutamate, except for a much smaller myocardial uptake and a prominent accumulation in the intestinal region. It is concluded that L-(N-13) methionine is potentially useful as a biologically significant agent for tumor visualization and assessment of therapeutic response. PMID- 3482784 TI - Inhibitory effect of K-562 malignant cells on locomotion of human neutrophils. AB - Certain tumor cells generate factors that inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis. The present study was designed to explore, in K-562 malignant cells, the release of such factors that may alter the neutrophil locomotion. The supernatant, separated from the K-562 malignant cells cultured in vitro for 48 hours, was lyophilised and extracted with ethanol 80%. This ethanol extract (SE-K562) inhibited neutrophil locomotion. Both random and locomotion induced either by formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or serum were inhibited. SE-K562 was partially purified by Sephadex chromatography and the analysis of the eluted active fraction by SDS electrophoresis led one band of about 8 kd. No one inhibitory effect was observed with appropriate controls. In conclusion, K562 malignant cells in culture release a low molecular weight factor (8 kd) that inhibits all forms of PMN locomotion i.e. random locomotion and locomotion induced either by FMLP or serum. PMID- 3482786 TI - [Pathology of the T.M.J]. PMID- 3482785 TI - [The universal jig]. PMID- 3482787 TI - [Color in dentistry: objective characteristics]. PMID- 3482788 TI - [Intraocular penetration of a new quinolone in humans: pefloxacin]. PMID- 3482789 TI - [The oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome. Oroacral syndrome]. PMID- 3482790 TI - [Indication for CT scans of the TMJ and their evaluation in dysfunctions of the masticatory apparatus]. PMID- 3482791 TI - [Preoperative radio-chemotherapy in advanced carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx]. PMID- 3482792 TI - [Investigations into the early stages of bone fracture healing under traction screw osteosynthesis following osteotomy of the condylar process in minipigs]. PMID- 3482793 TI - [Reconstruction of the chin contour with a microsurgically revascularized osteomyocutaneous flap]. PMID- 3482794 TI - [The significance of the periosteum for the growth and vascularization of the tooth-bearing mandible]. PMID- 3482795 TI - [In vivo study of the strength properties of biodegradable polymers for application as osteosynthesis materials]. PMID- 3482797 TI - [Ten years of experience with oral lichen patients in the framework of a dispensary service for diseases of the oral mucosa in a maxillofacial surgery clinic]. PMID- 3482796 TI - [Repair of defects with Esser's cheek rotation]. PMID- 3482798 TI - [First experience with a self-help group of cancer patients of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department]. PMID- 3482799 TI - [Surgical reduction of tongue size in amyloidosis-induced macroglossia]. PMID- 3482800 TI - [Vestibuloplasty with lingually pedicled mucosa flaps. First results of a prospective study]. PMID- 3482801 TI - [The diagnostic value of NMR imaging in the paranasal sinus area]. PMID- 3482802 TI - [Paraductal myxoma of the nasopalatal duct]. PMID- 3482803 TI - [The problems of bridging defects by metallic implants following mandibular resections]. PMID- 3482804 TI - [A new surgical method for osteotomy of the entire mandibular alveolar process]. PMID- 3482805 TI - [First results of biomechanical studies on the application of osteosynthesis screws in the midface]. PMID- 3482806 TI - [Chronic epidural abscess with osteomyelitis and discitis of the cervical vertebrae as a complication following velopharyngoplast. A case report]. PMID- 3482807 TI - [Distant metastases in the lower jaw]. PMID- 3482808 TI - [Internal derangements of the TMJ and their visualization by NMR imaging]. PMID- 3482809 TI - [The treatment of isolated and combined fractures of the floor of the orbit using a transantral balloon. A retrospective study based on 118 cases]. PMID- 3482810 TI - [Treating complete scalp avulsion with contract flaps, split skin excisions, and hairy minigrafts]. PMID- 3482811 TI - [15 years radical neck dissection at the maxillofacial surgery clinic of the University of Munster]. PMID- 3482812 TI - [Conservative treatment of jaw fractures with indirectly constructed archwire-and acrylic cap splints]. PMID- 3482813 TI - [Reverse root canal filling using glass cement. First experiences]. PMID- 3482814 TI - [The importance of the subfascial branches of the cervical plexus for the motor innervation of the trapezius muscle. Results of electromyographic studies of the trapezius muscle following radical neck dissection]. PMID- 3482815 TI - [Malignant tumors of the salivary glands. A study on the distribution in large patient groups]. PMID- 3482817 TI - [Collagen. A multifunctional family of proteins]. PMID- 3482816 TI - [Primary intrasosseous carcinoma of the jaw. A subspecialty of odontogenic carcinomas]. PMID- 3482818 TI - [Metastases in the jaw area. An overview of 11 cases]. PMID- 3482819 TI - [The spread of squamous cell carcinomas in the mandible. A histological study on ground sections]. PMID- 3482820 TI - [The morphology of a monstrous intraoral tumor]. PMID- 3482821 TI - [Significance and differentiation malignant tumors of the salivary glands. A treatment-oriented catamnestic survey]. PMID- 3482822 TI - [Documentation using the ADT tumor sheet for oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors]. PMID- 3482823 TI - [The venous drainage of the osteomusculocutaneous inguinal flap]. PMID- 3482824 TI - [The management of xerostomia]. PMID- 3482825 TI - [Indications, possibilities and limits of "stand-by" anesthesiology for maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3482826 TI - [The subperiosteal tissue expander as an aid in alveoloplasty]. PMID- 3482827 TI - [One-stage absolute ridge augmentation using hydroxylapatite combined with relative ridge augmentation by vestibuloplasty]. PMID- 3482828 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3482830 TI - [Rhinocerebral mucormycosis--clinical finding and course of the disease]. PMID- 3482829 TI - [Prevention and treatment of post-operative edemas with acemetacin in oral and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3482831 TI - Tissue culture of malignant bone tumour cells. PMID- 3482832 TI - The diagnosis of loosening in total hip prostheses. Clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic investigation. AB - Based on the authors' clinical experience and a review of the literature, the methods used for the diagnosis of loosening in hip arthroprostheses are considered. Clinical and radiographic monitoring are essential but the authors believe that in suspected loosening it is particularly important to perform bone scintigraphy using Tc 99 M.D.P., Ga 67, and Indium 111. Arthrography is advised only in selected cases. The criteria of evaluation in the various tests are reported and a procedure for diagnosis is proposed. PMID- 3482833 TI - A case of extra-osseous osteosarcoma. AB - The authors report a case of extra-osseous osteosarcoma of the thigh. They review the literature and emphasize the rarity of this highly malignant neoplasm. It was treated by wide surgical excision associated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A month later a metastasis appeared in the lung which was not amenable to treatment. The differential diagnosis and histological features are discussed. PMID- 3482834 TI - [Dental ceramics. Part 2: The new ceramics]. PMID- 3482835 TI - [Photocalorimetry of photopolymerizable dental resins. Preliminary study]. PMID- 3482836 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging and fixed dentures . Preliminary results]. PMID- 3482837 TI - [Experimental induction trial of gingival tatoos in animal:the beagle dog]. PMID- 3482838 TI - [Automated corrosion tests: analysis of polarization curves after Mansfeld]. PMID- 3482839 TI - [Interfacial corrosion of osteosynthesis materials]. PMID- 3482840 TI - [Aetiology and diagnosis of dentofacial abnormalities]. PMID- 3482842 TI - [The aims of orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3482841 TI - [The effect of seat belts on facial fractures]. PMID- 3482843 TI - [Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible]. PMID- 3482844 TI - [Concentration of 4 different registered Cefuroxime in rat mandible]. PMID- 3482846 TI - [Current diagnostic modalities for the evaluation of parotid tumors. Sialography, computerized tomography and CT-sialography]. PMID- 3482845 TI - [Eagle's syndrome]. PMID- 3482847 TI - [Local treatment of bone infections with Gentamycin beads in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3482848 TI - [The deltopectoral flap and its clinical use]. PMID- 3482849 TI - [Foreign bodies in the maxillary antrum]. PMID- 3482850 TI - [Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor]. PMID- 3482851 TI - [Pathological findings of semi-impacted wisdom teeth at various positions with relation to the sex and age of patients]. PMID- 3482853 TI - [Le Fort III osteotomy for correction of middle-third severe hypoplasia of the face]. PMID- 3482852 TI - [Oral and maxillofacial presentations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3482854 TI - [The use of a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in orofacial reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 3482856 TI - [The lateral pterygoid muscle in the pathology of TMJ]. PMID- 3482855 TI - [Hand-Schuller-Christian disease with oral involvement]. PMID- 3482857 TI - [Meniscoplasty: a new aspect in the treatment of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome]. PMID- 3482858 TI - [Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism by ramus sagittal split osteotomy]. PMID- 3482859 TI - [Congenital absence of third molars. Radiographic investigation in 572 children 10-15 years old]. PMID- 3482860 TI - The biological tumor markers' myopia: a model with CA 125 and second-look in ovarian cancer. AB - Preoperative CA 125 levels were measured in 36 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma in clinical response undergoing a second-look operation. All the patients had positive levels (greater than 35 U/ml) of this tumor marker at diagnosis. The correlation between antigen levels and disease status at surgery revealed a sensitivity of this assay of 0.55 (only 11/20 patients still with tumor had positive levels) and a specificity of 0.94 (15/16 patients with no tumor had less than 35 U/ml). The predictive value of a positive test was 0.92. This method unfortunately proved unable to recognize microscopic residual tumor burden, less than 0.5 cm. PMID- 3482861 TI - Tumor markers (CEA, TPA and CA 19-9) in urine of bladder cancer patients. AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of determining urinary levels of carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA), tissue-polypeptide antigen (TPA), and gastro-intestinal cancer antigen (Ca19-9) in addition to the usual diagnostic procedures for bladder cancer. Sixty-seven patients with transitional bladder cancer, 40 healthy controls and 20 patients with inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract were considered. All urine samples were obtained from patients with intact renal function and no urinary tract infection. TPA and Ca19-9 urinary levels in patients with G3 bladder tumors were significantly higher than in those with lower graded neoplasms. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive (PV+) or negative (PV-) test and the diagnostic accuracy were also evaluated. Ca19-9 was the best urinary marker for bladder cancer (sensitivity 71.6%, specificity 91.6%, PV+ 90.5%, PV- 74.3%, diagnostic accuracy 81%). PMID- 3482862 TI - Aryl sulfotransferase in rat liver: multiplicity and substrate specificity. AB - Rat liver aryl sulfotransferase was purified by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose or chromatofocusing and three fractions, referred to by Sekura and Jakoby as I, II and IV, were obtained in the order of their elution, each containing sulfation activity. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) at mM order and beta-naphthol were substrates common to all three fractions, but PNP at microM order and tyramine were substrates only for IV. IV corresponded to the enzyme designated M by Rein et al. and was active with monoamine, as predicted from our previous results with rat liver cytosol. However, the effectiveness of IV in bringing about the sulfation of PNP at mM order was not evident from our previous results. The characteristics of aryl sulfotransferase multiplicity on the basis of thermostability of sulfation activity could not be determined since essentially the characteristics were the same for all three purified fractions. The multiplicity of aryl sulfotransferase purified from rat liver was different from that of human platelets, indicating possible species and/or tissue differences in this enzyme. PMID- 3482863 TI - [Fiber retention and split thickness graft in the treatment of bone lesions: proposal]. PMID- 3482864 TI - [Reconstruction of the edentulous ridge with an embedded conjunctivo-epithelial graft. Report of a case]. PMID- 3482865 TI - [Effect of a chlorhexidine solution on attachment gain in irrigated periodontal pockets]. PMID- 3482866 TI - [Study of mandibular muscles and movement]. PMID- 3482867 TI - [The study on hemoglobin electrophoresis reference value of Chinese]. PMID- 3482868 TI - [Studies on epidemiology and treatment of fasciolopsiasis in southern Taiwan]. PMID- 3482869 TI - [Determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc in serum by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry]. PMID- 3482870 TI - [The assessment of psychosocial problems of epileptic patients by WPSI in Taiwan]. PMID- 3482871 TI - [Urinary flow studies in normal college students]. PMID- 3482872 TI - Performance of Bayesian feedback in estimating individual pharmacokinetics: an evaluation with trimethoprim in a rabbit model. PMID- 3482873 TI - [A study of HLA in children with seizure disorders]. PMID- 3482874 TI - [Toddler's behavior reaction to hospitalization--case report]. PMID- 3482875 TI - Diagnostic usefulness of trace arsenic in human urine, whole blood, hair and fingernails. PMID- 3482876 TI - Clinical study of hypertensive pontine hemorrhage. PMID- 3482877 TI - Studies on the constituents of Formosan gentianaceous plants. Part VII. Constituents of Swertia randaiensis Hayata and pharmacological activity of norswertianolin. PMID- 3482878 TI - [Laryngeal neurofibroma: a case report]. PMID- 3482879 TI - [Study of sources of contamination in blood sampling by trace element analysis]. PMID- 3482881 TI - Family medicine/family physician, USA, 1986. PMID- 3482880 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of smear biopsy and frozen section examination in neurosurgery. PMID- 3482882 TI - [Measurement of the uranium content in materials used for porcelain teeth]. PMID- 3482883 TI - [Tremorgraphic analysis of resting and postural tremors in Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 3482884 TI - [Immunochemotherapy of mice S-180 ascitic tumor by combination of cyclophosphamide and BCG]. PMID- 3482885 TI - [Electromyography in deltoid and gluteal contracture]. PMID- 3482887 TI - Ultrastructure and electron microanalysis at the core of human gallstones. III: Black stones. PMID- 3482886 TI - HBsAg antiHBs and liver function tests in lead-exposed workers. PMID- 3482888 TI - [Two aberrant cases of retroesophageal right subclavian artery as the last branch of the aortic arch]. PMID- 3482889 TI - [Clinical evaluation of branched chain amino acids for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 3482890 TI - [Gallstone formation after pancreaticoduodenectomy]. PMID- 3482891 TI - Non-uniform nervous components in the optic nerve of one Formosan rock-monkey (Macaca cyclopis)--a light microscopic study. PMID- 3482892 TI - [Successful treatment with blood exchange transfusion in a patient of autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicated with isoimmune hemolysis--a case report]. PMID- 3482893 TI - Nonparasitic true splenic cyst--case report of cystic lymphangioma of spleen. PMID- 3482894 TI - Unilaterally congenital dimple of the upper lip--a case study. PMID- 3482895 TI - Endotoxin-induced aggregation behaviour of amebocyte from horseshoe crab. PMID- 3482896 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies on cefmetazole]. PMID- 3482897 TI - Neurasthenia--a study of symptom configuration. PMID- 3482898 TI - Clinical experience of Luque segmental spinal instrumentation. PMID- 3482899 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: report of two cases]. PMID- 3482900 TI - [A very rare case of the anomalous left occipital-basilar arterial system]. PMID- 3482901 TI - [Preoperative evaluation of parotid tumors]. PMID- 3482902 TI - [Deficit of serum IgE-specific suppressor factors in children with extrinsic asthma]. PMID- 3482904 TI - [Objective pulsatile tinnitus: a case report]. PMID- 3482903 TI - [Limulus test for detection of endotoxin in C.S.F]. PMID- 3482905 TI - [Cryotherapy for eyelid basal cell carcinoma: a case report]. PMID- 3482906 TI - [Mitral E point septal separation in infants and young children: a rapid echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function]. PMID- 3482907 TI - [Trace analysis of iodide in eggs by electron-capture gas chromatography]. PMID- 3482908 TI - Free temporo-parietal scalp flap for upper lip reconstruction. PMID- 3482909 TI - Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute tubular necrosis after the concomitant use of alcohol and pentazocine--a case report. PMID- 3482911 TI - [Finishing of an overlay denture (I)]. PMID- 3482910 TI - The use of a DNA marker for carrier diagnosis in an X-linked disorder: Norrie's disease. AB - We report a family with the X-linked eye disorder Norrie's disease, in which DNA analysis enabled the distinction to be made between female carriers and non carriers. There was perfect cosegregation of the disease gene and the restriction fragment length polymorphism DXS7 which is recognised by the probe L1.28. Adding our data to those already on record, the lod score for linkage between DXS7 and Norrie's disease reaches 5.6, for a recombination fraction of 0.0. We anticipate that DNA testing will become a major investigative tool in genetic counselling. PMID- 3482912 TI - ["Half-time" in orthodontic treatment: after lapse of half of treatment time]. PMID- 3482914 TI - [Observations on natural tooth occlusal surfaces]. PMID- 3482915 TI - [Trioblock (adaptation of LS-Duoblock)]. PMID- 3482913 TI - [Finishing of an overlay denture (II)]. PMID- 3482916 TI - [Dental laboratory work order for model preparation and its clinical significance (I)]. PMID- 3482917 TI - [Modified telescope crowns using the PGA-method]. PMID- 3482918 TI - [Material handling problems in metal-ceramics and considerations of procedural course (I)]. PMID- 3482919 TI - [Sampling, isolation and identification of bacteria implicated in periapical granulomas complicated by pulp gangrene]. PMID- 3482920 TI - [Role of synergy, instrumentation, irrigation, vibrations in endodontics]. PMID- 3482921 TI - [Cytotoxic potential of two canal irrigation agents (Part 2)]. PMID- 3482922 TI - [Surgical treatment of an infraosseous root perforation]. PMID- 3482924 TI - [Direct quantification of gap with the double inclusion technic: application to thermomechanical compaction]. PMID- 3482923 TI - [Cytotoxic potential of two canal irrigation agents (Part 3)]. PMID- 3482925 TI - [Removal of an instrument compressing the inferior dental nerve]. PMID- 3482926 TI - [The center of resistance]. PMID- 3482928 TI - [Thermoformed posterior anchorage occlusal splint]. PMID- 3482927 TI - [Protection of fixed orthodontic appliances in sports: the "mouth protectors"]. PMID- 3482929 TI - [Birth and significance of smiling]. PMID- 3482930 TI - [Anatomy of smiling]. PMID- 3482931 TI - [Reflection on the dento-labial smile]. PMID- 3482932 TI - [Surgical treatment of labial mutilations and malformations. "The smile refound"]. PMID- 3482933 TI - [The teeth in smiling]. PMID- 3482934 TI - [The smile]. PMID- 3482935 TI - [The history of the smile]. PMID- 3482936 TI - [Elements of an architectural teleradiographic semeiology of the cranio-facial profile for orthopedic and orthodontic use]. PMID- 3482937 TI - [Computerized numeric method for conversion of stages of maturity in dental age]. PMID- 3482939 TI - [Automation: from the point of view of the contractual recipient of services]. PMID- 3482940 TI - [How to distalize an incisocanine block using a thermoformed removable splint]. PMID- 3482938 TI - [Cephalometry and displacement of bases]. PMID- 3482941 TI - [Optimization of orthodontic practice with automation]. PMID- 3482942 TI - [Shortening of the lingual-frenum]. PMID- 3482943 TI - [Is one molar as good as another?]. PMID- 3482944 TI - [Orthodontic treatment for the second time]. PMID- 3482945 TI - [Treatment of a rare case: Class II/1 associated with congenital exoalveolus]. PMID- 3482946 TI - [Possibilities of orthodontic-prosthetic collaboration in the care of adult patients]. PMID- 3482947 TI - [New materials--new methods. A consideration]. PMID- 3482949 TI - [Alcohol abuse--a civilization occurrence?]. PMID- 3482948 TI - [The deep drawing process in dental technic. A consideration of technical, ergonomic and material testing]. PMID- 3482950 TI - [The nature of examinations in medical colleges. II]. PMID- 3482951 TI - [Revision of training documents for medical study of dental technicians]. PMID- 3482952 TI - [The effects of changing patterns of oral disease on the orthodontic practice]. PMID- 3482953 TI - [Metal ceramics: mistakes, causes and redress]. PMID- 3482954 TI - [Effects of changing pattern of oral disease on orthodontic practice]. PMID- 3482955 TI - [Importance of the roentgen examination in stomatology]. PMID- 3482956 TI - [Support of hearing impaired persons with hearing aids]. PMID- 3482957 TI - [Head dental technician in the work and organization process of dental laboratory -functional plan]. PMID- 3482958 TI - [Content, guiding and planning of instruction in "work hygiene/economics of public health and social welfare" in the continued professional training of the "dental technician"]. PMID- 3482959 TI - [Orthodontics in relation to other branches of stomatology from the view of clinics and dental technicians--an introduction]. PMID- 3482961 TI - [Interdisciplinary cooperation of oral surgery with orthodontics]. PMID- 3482960 TI - [Interdisciplinary cooperation--experiences from the view of the university]. PMID- 3482962 TI - [Relationship between periodontology and orthodontics]. PMID- 3482963 TI - [Orthodontic treatment of tooth malocclusion in the permanent dentition]. PMID- 3482964 TI - [Orthodontic treatment of adults as an interdisciplinary problem]. PMID- 3482965 TI - [Technology of the Crozat-apparatus]. PMID- 3482966 TI - [Interdisciplinary cooperation of prosthetics and gnathology with orthodontics]. PMID- 3482967 TI - [Possibilities of the preprosthetic jaw orthopedics]. PMID- 3482968 TI - [Homogenization of inlays made of silver-palladium alloys]. PMID- 3482969 TI - [Contact of casting models with phosphate bonded investment compounds]. PMID- 3482970 TI - [Melting procedures of non-precious-metal alloys using propane-oxygen]. PMID- 3482972 TI - [25 years of the periodical "Zahntechnik"]. PMID- 3482973 TI - [Trends in development of prosthodontics and orthodontics and proposals for social and professional continuing education of dental technicians in 1986 to 1990]. PMID- 3482971 TI - [Mandibular dysfunctions in total denture wearers]. PMID- 3482974 TI - Pemphigus, Sjogren's syndrome and mucosal pigmentation. PMID- 3482975 TI - [Megastenon complications: stenosis and lithiasis]. PMID- 3482977 TI - [Treatment of marginal periodontopathy with diazoic Congo Red. Conclusion after thirty years' experience]. PMID- 3482976 TI - [Potentiodynamic test for the evaluation of different metal alloys used in oral rehabilitation]. PMID- 3482979 TI - [Cefotetan versus clindamycin-tobramycin in experimental acute peritonitis in the rat]. PMID- 3482978 TI - Studies on the possible mechanisms of antitumor action of mouse interferons. PMID- 3482980 TI - [Experience with rational cefotetan therapy in in situ and associated surgical infections]. PMID- 3482981 TI - [Cefotetan and intra-abdominal infections]. PMID- 3482982 TI - Effect of the intermittent prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system in adults with acute leukemia. AB - Nineteen patients with acute leukemia, who achieved complete remission between January, 1980 and March, 1983, were given 10 mg of methotrexate (MTX) and 20 mg of prednisolone (PSL) intrathecally at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 10th and 15th month after the termination of consolidation therapy followed by the same dose twice a year, when the intensification therapy was being performed. During the observation period of 29 to 68 months, none developed central nervous system (CNS) leukemia. On the other hand, the incidence of CNS leukemia in patients given the prophylactic intrathecal treatment once or twice just after the complete remission was 35% (7/20) compared with 24% (8/33) in patients without treatment. No statistical difference was observed in these groups. The intrathecal administration of MTX and PSL is easy to perform and no adverse reaction was observed in our series. It is concluded that the intermittent prophylaxis with MTX and PSL is of benefit in preventing CNS leukemia in adults patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 3482983 TI - A multicase family study of rheumatoid arthritis in south west Ireland. AB - A study of 26 families with multiple cases of RA was conducted in South West Ireland. In 149 relatives examined, 67 cases of RA were identified. An analysis of affected sibling pairs and trios revealed significant linkage between HLA and RA (p less than 0.05). A high frequency of DR4 was observed in probands (80.7 per cent) and affected members (74.6 per cent) compared with controls (18 per cent). An elevated frequency of the haplotypes A2-B44-DR4 (19.2 per cent) and A2-Bw62 DR4 (5.7 per cent) was seen in the affected sample. HLA-Bw62 was at raised frequency in probands (19.2 per cent) compared with controls (9 per cent). The haplotype frequency of A2-B44-DR4 was raised in affected females and A2-Bw62-DR4 in affected males. A low haplotype frequency of A1-B8-DR3 was found in all RA subjects. Disease severity (clinical and radiological criteria) was associated with DR4, but this did not reach statistical significance. A high incidence of extra-articular features of RA was observed, with DR4 occurring in all cases of vasculitis (75 per cent of whom were DR4 homozygous). PMID- 3482984 TI - Genetic analysis of families with multiple cases of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We examined the inheritance of susceptibility to RA in families with multiple cases of RA, and studied existence of any linkage between the putative RA disease susceptibility locus and the HLA-DR locus. A pedigree analysis programme, PAP, was used for both analyses. Our investigation suggests that familial RA is the effect, in part, of an inherited autosomal dominant susceptibility gene with incomplete penetrance rather than that of a recessive gene. Linkage analysis indicates a tight linkage between the putative RA disease susceptibility locus and the HLA-DR locus under an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. PMID- 3482985 TI - HLA associations are with severe rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied in 17 multicase families from the North East of England. The families comprised 281 individuals, 51 of whom had classical or definite RA, 18 had probable RA, and six were classified as previous RA. The association of classical and definite RA with HLA-DR4 was confirmed, and homozygosity for DR4 was more strongly associated than heterozygosity. There was a trend towards negative association with HLA-DR2 and DR7. Homozygosity for DR4 and possession of the haplotype most frequently inherited with RA in a particular family showed association with more severe disease. HLA-DR2 and DR7 tended to associate with less severe disease. It is therefore likely that HLA association is with the severity of disease rather than disease susceptibility. PMID- 3482986 TI - Extended haplotypes in rheumatoid arthritis and preliminary evidence for an interaction with immunoglobulin genes. AB - The incidence of extended haplotypes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex was compared between 20 probands with RA, their unaffected family members, and 42 controls. One haplotype only, HLA-Bw62 BfS C4A*3 C4B*3 DR4 GLO2, was significantly increased in the patient group, whereas HLA-B7 BfS C4A*3 C4B*1 DR2 GLO1, which was the most common haplotype in the control groups, was absent. The immunoglobulin allotype Glm(2) was significantly increased in frequency in the RA patients, and analysis showed that of the seven patients carrying Bw62-DR4, five were G1m(2) positive. Further, the increase in frequency of the phenotype Gm(1,2,17,21,3,5,23) was also significant and was carried by two of four probands with the extended haplotype HLA-Bw62 BfS C4A*3 C4B*3 DR4 GLO2 and by one proband also bearing this haplotype but with a null allele at the C4A locus. The striking association of G1m(2) and Bw62 with DR4 in our patients suggests that in interaction of immunoglobulin genes with DR4 is stronger when DR4 is associated with particular haplotypes rather than with DR4 in general. PMID- 3482988 TI - HLA studies in familial and sporadic rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fifty-eight unrelated patients with familial (36) and non-familial (22) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been studied for HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. Among the 36 probands of families with multiple cases of RA (Group I) 73 per cent are DR4 positive, and 60 per cent of the DR4 negative probands possess DR1. The corresponding frequencies among the 22 patients with non-familial (sporadic) RA (Group II) are 59 per cent and 56 per cent, respectively, DR4 and/or DR1 are present in 89 per cent of patients in Group I and 82 per cent in Group II. Homozygosity for DR4 has been definitely established by family studies in six of the 26 DR4 positive patients (23 per cent) in Group I, and a further two patients are possible homozygous. Family studies have not been performed in sporadic RA patients but two of 13 DR4 positive patients in this group are possibly homozygous for DR4. HLA haplotypes A1, Cw7, B8, DR4; and A2, Cw3, B15, DR4 are shared by two or more unrelated probands of multicase families. PMID- 3482987 TI - HLA and rheumatoid arthritis: susceptibility or severity? AB - An analysis of data collected on 440 British Caucasoid rheumatoid arthritis patients has confirmed positive association with HLA-DR4, Dw4, DRw53, and A2 and negative associations with HLA-DR2, 3, and 7. HLA-DR4 is more associated with RA 'severity' than with RA 'susceptibility', when measured by the parameters of ARA classification, seropositivity, severity of erosions and extra-articular manifestations. The association between HLA-A2, Cw3, Bw62, DR4, DRw53, and Dw4 and extra-articular disease has been confirmed in this study. The analysis of HLA and RA severity with respect to sex showed high frequencies of DR4, Dw4, and DRw53 in females, which increased in those with severe erosions, seropositivity or extra-articular disease. In males with RA, the disease appears to be associated not only with DR4, Dw4 and DRw53, but also with A2, Cw3 and Bw62. However, no significant differences in these antigen frequencies were found between male patients with severe RA and those without. Despite a significant decrease in the frequencies of DR3, B8 and A1 in most RA patient subsets, RA patients with Sjogren's syndrome showed a marked increase of A1 and B8 and patients with auto-antibodies had a significant increase in HLA-DR3 frequency when compared with patients without these features. PMID- 3482989 TI - HLA-A,B and DR antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Eighty-three patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were typed for HLA-A,B, and DR antigens. HLA-A2 was found to be significantly increased in patients compared to controls. The frequency of antigens A2,B12(44),DR7 occurring together was more than double the frequency found in the controls. In 48 patients requiring treatment, there was a significant reduction of B8 when compared to 34 untreated patients, and DR7 was significantly increased in frequency in treated patients. Thirty patients presented with sub-clinical symptoms (Rai stage 0). HLA A10 was significantly more common than in those patients presenting with more advanced disease (Rai stages 1-4). The highest frequency of any HLA antigen was found in males presenting with clinical symptoms, 71.0 per cent of whom were A2 positive; in the same group, 22.6 per cent of patients were positive for all the antigens A2,B12(44),DR7. Patients with an age of onset greater than the mean age of 69 years were more likely to be A2 positive. We conclude that HLA-B8 is a marker of mild disease while HLA-A2 and the closely associated antigens B12(44) and DR7 are markers for severe disease. PMID- 3482990 TI - HLA antigens in multiplex families with isolated congenital heart disease. AB - Twelve multiplex families with isolated congenital heart diseases (CHD) were included in the study. In 9 families the types of CHD in the living sibs were concordant and in the other 3 were discordant. All families were subjected to the following: (1) Pedigree construction, (2) clinical examination of the parents, affected and unaffected sibs, (3) investigations of patients, to establish the diagnosis, (4) chromosomal analysis for the patients, (5) HLA antigen typing for the parents, affected and unaffected sibs for 9 antigens at the A locus, 15 at B and 6 at the DR locus. The results can be summarized as: (a) sibs with two different types of CHD showed identical haplotypes; (b) the segregation of haplotypes among disease sibpairs is inconsistent with Mendelian segregation; (c) increased frequency of concordant HLA haplotypes among diseased siblings; (d) Morton's exact test revealed that the data best fit a hypothesis of a recessive susceptibility gene, linked to HLA. PMID- 3482991 TI - [Parosteal osteosarcoma: report of 18 cases]. PMID- 3482992 TI - [Indirubin in the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)--estimation of labelling index of bone marrow cells by 3H-TdR]. AB - Using 3H-TdR labelling radioautography in vitro, labelling index (LI) of the bone marrow cells from patients with CML was estimated before and after treatment by indirubin, and compared with myleran. The results showed that LI of the bone marrow cells was prone to decline after treatment by indirubin or myleran, and it was most marked on the myelocyte and polychromatophilic erythroblast. The LI reduction was less by indirubin than myleran. It suggests that the inhibition of indirubin on the bone marrow cells be weaker than that of myleran. However, long term administration of indirubin would inhibit not only the granulocytic series but also the red cell series to a certain degree. PMID- 3482993 TI - [Gallium scan for detection of inflammatory processes in the abdomen]. PMID- 3482994 TI - The development of a classification and problem list as a method of orthodontic diagnosis. Analysis of the study models. PMID- 3482995 TI - Functional treatment in adults. Case report. PMID- 3482996 TI - Case report. PMID- 3482997 TI - The biobloc philosophy. PMID- 3482998 TI - [An epidemiological study on hepatitis B virus infection in Kaohsiung Medical College freshmen]. PMID- 3482999 TI - Hepato-biliary disease in the elderly. PMID- 3483000 TI - [A study on epidemiology of enterobiasis among pre-schoolchildren in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan]. PMID- 3483001 TI - [Studies on control of enterobiasis among pre-schoolchildren in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan]. PMID- 3483002 TI - [Postoperative pulmonary embolism--an analysis of eight cases]. PMID- 3483003 TI - Sphenoid sinus mucopyocele mimicking a pituitary tumor. PMID- 3483004 TI - [non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with modified LSA2-L2 protocol--a clinical experience and case report]. PMID- 3483005 TI - Acyclic nucleosides. Part 3: Synthesis of certain 1-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxy)methyl]6-azauracils as potential antiviral agents. PMID- 3483006 TI - An outline of health science education in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483007 TI - University hospitals in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483008 TI - Medical education in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483010 TI - Pharmacy education in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483011 TI - Nursing education in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483012 TI - Technology for medical sciences education in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483013 TI - Education of some health care related schools in the Republic of China. PMID- 3483015 TI - Nursing education in the United States of America. PMID- 3483014 TI - Medical education in the United States of America. PMID- 3483017 TI - Allied health instruction and practice in the United States of America. PMID- 3483016 TI - Pharmacy education in the United States of America. PMID- 3483018 TI - Dental education in the United States of America. PMID- 3483019 TI - University hospitals in the United States of America. PMID- 3483020 TI - [A comparison of the therapeutic effects of high and low dosages of cyclophosphamide on mice bearing various growth intervals of S-180 subcutaneous tumors]. PMID- 3483021 TI - [Nonradiopaque ureteral obstruction with special reference to electron microscopic study of transitional cell carcinoma]. PMID- 3483022 TI - Common symptoms of cadmium workers in the Taoyuan area--a demonstration of dose response. PMID- 3483023 TI - [Bone marrow changes in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with low dose Ara-C--implications of therapeutic mechanism]. PMID- 3483024 TI - [A case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (FAB-L3) with the initial symptom of the spinal cord transverse syndrome]. PMID- 3483025 TI - [A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia with pseudohypoglycemia: correlation between leukocyte counts and blood glucose levels]. PMID- 3483026 TI - [A case of AIDS-related complex with hemophilia A associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3483028 TI - [Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv(16) (p13q22) developed in an XY/XYY male]. PMID- 3483027 TI - [A pediatric case of adult type chronic myelogenous leukemia with a complex Ph1 translocation and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3483030 TI - [Tooth surfaces and periodontal preserving attachments]. PMID- 3483031 TI - [Continued development in the area of full porcelain bridges and single tooth restoration]. PMID- 3483032 TI - [Should orthodontics continue to be a step-child of dental technician education?]. PMID- 3483029 TI - A serological survey for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 of individuals who visited health centers in Tokyo. AB - The serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 (HIV-1) and 2 (HIV 2) were examined for among individuals who visited health centers in Tokyo. Of 8,198 sera screened, one was true-positive and 37 false-positive for HIV-1 antibodies. These 37 false-positives and 305 sera from the population groups at risk for HIV-2 (42 sojourners in Africa, 251 homo- and bisexuals, and 19 prostitutes) were further examined for HIV-2 antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blotting. No antibodies reactive with HIV-2 were detected in the sera examined. Serological cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV 2 was examined by use of rabbit antisera. PMID- 3483033 TI - [Firing of porcelain on a non-precious metal alloy of bonded chromium-cobalt]. PMID- 3483034 TI - [Implant-supported artificial tooth--treatment concept]. PMID- 3483035 TI - [Torsion bridges]. PMID- 3483036 TI - [Complete reconstruction in porcelain-esthetics and computer supported occlusal surface organization (I)]. PMID- 3483038 TI - [Are orthodontists and dental technicians agreed on strong cooperation?]. PMID- 3483037 TI - [Metal-ceramic window crowns. Preliminary report of a modification of VMK shoulderless crowns]. PMID- 3483039 TI - [Accuracy of cut models for crown and bridge prostheses using different model pins]. PMID- 3483040 TI - [Configuration of temperature zones in impressions for dental precision casting]. PMID- 3483041 TI - [Denture support area]. PMID- 3483042 TI - [MKI attachment. Construction work order and practical work instructions]. PMID- 3483043 TI - [Complete reconstruction in porcelain-esthetics and computer supported occlusal surface organization (II)]. PMID- 3483045 TI - [Palladium dental alloys: classification, assembling, properties]. PMID- 3483044 TI - [Crozat appliance, finished on time]. PMID- 3483046 TI - [New technical procedures from dentists viewpoint]. PMID- 3483047 TI - [Individual characteristic porcelain blends with a new color selection]. PMID- 3483048 TI - [Growth of the profession]. PMID- 3483049 TI - [Material handling problems in metal-ceramics and considerations of procedural course (II)]. PMID- 3483050 TI - [Influence of different pouring parameters on the hardness of metal-ceramic bridges of precious metal alloys]. PMID- 3483051 TI - [Creative color system]. PMID- 3483052 TI - [Preparation of esthetic functional inlays--introduction of four porcelain systems]. PMID- 3483053 TI - [Limits of glass ceramics--Dicor laminate]. PMID- 3483054 TI - [Microstructure of the pulp chamber floor in temporary molars]. PMID- 3483055 TI - [Cancer of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 3483056 TI - [Pins used in dental restoration]. PMID- 3483057 TI - [Conscious sedation in dentistry with nitrous oxide/oxygen]. PMID- 3483058 TI - [The dentist faced with Cancer of the mouth]. PMID- 3483059 TI - [Mouth breathing syndrome]. PMID- 3483060 TI - [Current aspects of silver amalgam as a restorative material]. PMID- 3483062 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Chilean dentistry]. PMID- 3483061 TI - [An analgesic for frequent use: Paracetamol]. PMID- 3483063 TI - [Cleft lip and cleft palate]. PMID- 3483064 TI - [Dynamic aspects of dentinogenesis in human deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3483065 TI - [Peptostreptococcus sepsis complicating third molar pericoronitis]. PMID- 3483066 TI - The course of amyloidosis in juvenile chronic arthritis with immunoglobulin deficiency. PMID- 3483067 TI - Modern trends in the diagnosis of secondary amyloidosis. PMID- 3483068 TI - Clinical-morphological correlation of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. PMID- 3483069 TI - Infection, anticardiolipin and thrombosis. PMID- 3483070 TI - Plasma exchange in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3483071 TI - Surgical treatment of the elbow in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PMID- 3483072 TI - Pathogenesis of the rheumatoid cervical spine. PMID- 3483073 TI - Early results of cementless total hip replacement in rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions. PMID- 3483074 TI - Early results of cementless total hip replacement in inflammatory joint disease. The Rheumatism Foundation experience. PMID- 3483075 TI - Specificity of IgA class anti-yersinia antibodies in yersinia arthritis. PMID- 3483076 TI - Immunological mechanism of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. A histomorphological and immunological study. PMID- 3483077 TI - Malignant transformation during immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine) of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. A retrospective study. PMID- 3483078 TI - Is physiotherapy effective for musculoskeletal disorders? PMID- 3483079 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis epidemiology in retrospect--breakthrough in understanding or better description of ignorance? The view of an epidemiologist. PMID- 3483080 TI - [Views, problems and tendencies of oral implantology]. PMID- 3483081 TI - [Surgical intra-alveolar reposition of upper incisors]. PMID- 3483082 TI - [Examination of periodontal-disease-index of Ramfjord and parodontopathie-index of Kotzschke]. PMID- 3483083 TI - [Longitudinal study of local treatment with and without surgical intervention in patients with periodontitis marginalis]. PMID- 3483084 TI - [Pain in the dentistry patient. I: Employment of services of care]. PMID- 3483085 TI - [Question of skull symmetry]. PMID- 3483086 TI - [Diagnosis using cephalograms in patients with cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3483087 TI - [Traumatically conditioned ossification of the dental pulp cavity--an interesting case]. PMID- 3483088 TI - [Requirements of periodontal care (CPITN) among 5- to 14-year-old children]. PMID- 3483089 TI - [Epidemiology, treatment needs and progression monitoring of periodontal disease in adults]. PMID- 3483090 TI - [Increase of caries in permanent teeth in relation to the numbers of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp]. PMID- 3483091 TI - [Comparison of Ultracain D-S and Ultracain D-S forte]. PMID- 3483092 TI - [Studies on the cause of tooth loss]. PMID- 3483093 TI - [Evaluation of occlusal function according to Helkimo and Eismann]. PMID- 3483095 TI - [Enamel and dentin abrasion. Microhardness determination]. PMID- 3483096 TI - [Comparative biologic evaluation of Tresiolan and other cavity liners]. PMID- 3483094 TI - [Late diagnosis of a malformation of the tooth root]. PMID- 3483097 TI - [Investigation of sulcus under standard pressure]. PMID- 3483099 TI - [Electromyographic investigation of the masseter muscle in patients with dysfunctional arthropathy]. PMID- 3483098 TI - [A combined one-stage surgical procedure for extension of attached gingiva and elimination of periodontal pockets]. PMID- 3483100 TI - [Removable mobile suprastructure on endosteal implants]. PMID- 3483101 TI - [Hard odontomas]. PMID- 3483103 TI - [Emergency support in traumatology]. PMID- 3483102 TI - [Preventive dentistry--bases, aims and practical possibilities]. PMID- 3483104 TI - [The therapeutic strategy applied to gapped denture situations of Eichner groups A2 and A3 of adults, resulting from a clinico-experimental longitudinal study]. PMID- 3483106 TI - [Relation between the sum of breadths of the lower and upper incisors?]. PMID- 3483105 TI - [Clinical follow-up of metal ceramic crown and bridge restorations made of nonprecious metal alloys]. PMID- 3483107 TI - [Phonetic study of patients with orthodontically treated mixed dentition]. PMID- 3483108 TI - [Pain in dentistry patients. 2. Care for pain patients in stand-by service]. PMID- 3483109 TI - [Periodontitis progression]. PMID- 3483110 TI - [Influence of coronal contours on the marginal periodontium]. PMID- 3483111 TI - [Free transplant from cheek mucosa for periodontal surgery in dental practice]. PMID- 3483112 TI - [Adhesive quality of a biological fibrin glue]. PMID- 3483113 TI - [Equipment for dental service to patients at home]. PMID- 3483114 TI - [Root canal filling techniques--condensation procedures]. PMID- 3483115 TI - [General and individual therapeutic strategies and methods in periodontics]. PMID- 3483117 TI - [Bacterial and immunological studies on the etiology of chronically recurring aphthae with special consideration of mycoplasms]. PMID- 3483116 TI - [Comparison studies of X-ray techniques for periodontal diagnosis]. PMID- 3483118 TI - [Palatal island flap for closure of oroantral fistulas]. PMID- 3483119 TI - [Significance of clinical parameters--age, time of anamnesis and localization for prognosis of carcinoma of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3483120 TI - [How children and adolescents view the condition of their teeth and oral hygiene]. PMID- 3483122 TI - [Friction pin with adhesion head--a novel root pin system]. PMID- 3483121 TI - [Therapy recommendations for children's psychological and medical preparation for ambulatory dental care]. PMID- 3483123 TI - [Indications and methods of periodontal surgery]. PMID- 3483124 TI - [Teeth and dentures in middle age]. PMID- 3483126 TI - [Injuries of dental crowns of incisors]. PMID- 3483125 TI - [Indications for therapy of incisor protrusion caused by tongue pressure]. PMID- 3483127 TI - [Information on lighting of dental work place. 1. Needs]. PMID- 3483128 TI - [Information on lighting of dental work place. 2. Information design]. PMID- 3483129 TI - [Lighting in dentistry. Necessary consideration of demands for optimum lightning in dental work place]. PMID- 3483130 TI - [Technology of a new cobalt base alloy]. PMID- 3483131 TI - [Testing and metallurgy of a new cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy with different amounts of iron and boron]. PMID- 3483132 TI - [Standard list of root canal instruments]. PMID- 3483133 TI - [Nutrition--an important method of prevention of oral diseases]. PMID- 3483134 TI - [Bacteremia following surgical-endodontic procedures]. PMID- 3483135 TI - [Conduct of a recall system]. PMID- 3483136 TI - [Occlusal damage as a result of dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles as well as pain in the jaw and facial region]. PMID- 3483137 TI - [Various physical parameters of toothbrushing and their relation to the appearance of non-inflammatory gingival recession]. PMID- 3483138 TI - [Fluoride tablets' prophylactic effectiveness on caries in small children]. PMID- 3483140 TI - [Infection protection in dental practice]. PMID- 3483139 TI - [Bilateral extraction of impacted premolars in upper and lower jaws]. PMID- 3483141 TI - [Reaction of marginal gingiva to overcontoured crowns in a clinical experiment (I)]. PMID- 3483142 TI - [Functionally caused disturbances of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3483143 TI - [Inhalation sedation with Ohmeda-MDM-analgesia apparatus in the dental office]. PMID- 3483144 TI - [Hydroxyapatite use in dental practice]. PMID- 3483145 TI - [Ceramic materials--development state and significance to restorative dentistry]. PMID- 3483146 TI - [Short test for protection of picture quality of dental radiographic equipment]. PMID- 3483147 TI - [Diseases and treatment of the mouth during pregnancy]. PMID- 3483148 TI - [Functionally caused disturbances of the temporomandibular joint (II)]. PMID- 3483149 TI - [Reaction of marginal gingiva to overcontoured crowns in a clinical experiment (II)]. PMID- 3483151 TI - [Dalbo-Rotex--a new, directly fixed root canal spherical anchor]. PMID- 3483152 TI - [Influence of sodium hypochlorite-hydrogen peroxide on results of preparation of the root canal]. PMID- 3483150 TI - [Transfer of electronic registration of mandibular movement on an individual articulator]. PMID- 3483153 TI - [Mechanical and ultrasonic preparation of root canals]. PMID- 3483154 TI - [Conservative treatment of deciduous tooth pulp diseases--possibilities and limits of a known therapies]. PMID- 3483155 TI - [Experimental study on the limits of accuracy of polymerization volume control in the SR-Ivocap system]. PMID- 3483156 TI - [Plastics for fissure sealants--material properties and working characteristics]. PMID- 3483157 TI - [Occlusal interferences and their effects on mouth mucosa]. PMID- 3483158 TI - [Choice of the correct alloys in dentistry]. PMID- 3483159 TI - [Aspects of procedures in buildup of an anterior occlusal plane]. PMID- 3483160 TI - [New paraocclusal tray for occlusal plane axiographic measurement]. PMID- 3483161 TI - [Paraocclusal axiography: position of individual terminal hinge axis in completely dentulous subjects. A clinical-experimental investigation]. PMID- 3483162 TI - [Changes in texture and microhardness of heat cast alloys in relation to number of heat treatments]. PMID- 3483165 TI - [Indications for use of soft synthetic resins]. PMID- 3483164 TI - [Functional occlusion in complete dentures]. PMID- 3483163 TI - [Prosthetic relevance of restorative alveoloplasty with hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3483166 TI - [Steg-joint prosthesis with interchangeable overlay attachment]. PMID- 3483167 TI - [Amalgam projection construction]. PMID- 3483168 TI - [Experimental hypervitaminosis A in the rat. Stereologic study of epithelial changes in the hard palate]. PMID- 3483169 TI - [Distinct types of dental research]. PMID- 3483170 TI - [Effects of anisodamine on acetylcholine- and norepinephrine-induced prostaglandin release by the rabbit iris]. PMID- 3483171 TI - Almitrine bismesylate modulates the susceptibility of guinea pig pulmonary artery to catecholamines, PGF2 alpha and adenosine. AB - The action of almitrine bismesylate, a potent ventilatory stimulant drug, was studied on the contractile responses to some putative transmitters of carotid body (dopamine, noradrenaline, PGF2 alpha, adenosine) in segments of guinea pig pulmonary arteries. Almitrine (10 mumol/l) was capable of mitigating the contractions evoked by dopamine (0.3 mmol/l), noradrenaline (1 mumol/l) and PGF2 alpha (10 mumol/l) as well. In vessels precontracted with noradrenaline, almitrine (added to the nutrient solution of vessels before applying noradrenaline) potentiated the adenosine-induced initial contractile response without influencing the methylxanthine-sensitive relaxing effect of this purine nucleoside. In contrast, almitrine antagonized the adenosine-induced contraction when applied under precontracted state of arteries. It is supposed that the results presented here could provide some explanation for the variable action of almitrine on pulmonary circulation. On the other hand, these results could serve as a pharmacological basis for further studies of the almitrine action on isolated carotid bodies. PMID- 3483173 TI - [Densitometric evaluation of the effect of light on radiographic films after developing interruption]. PMID- 3483172 TI - Casein kinase II is a major protein phosphorylating activity in the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - The nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes contain kinases capable of phosphorylating endogenous and exogenous proteins using either ATP or GTP as phosphoryl donors. These enzymes are much more active with casein and phosvitin as substrates than with histones or protamines. The protein phosphorylating activity of oocyte nuclear extracts is not regulated by cyclic nucleotides, phorbol esters, calmodulin and calcium, or phospholipids. However, the casein phosphorylating activity can be greatly enhanced by the polyamines spermine or spermidine and drastically inhibited by heparin. Fractionation of the nuclear casein kinase activities by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation indicate that the nuclei contain enzymes with the properties of casein kinases I and II as characterized in other species. Oocyte casein kinase I (Mr 37,000) is specific for ATP as phosphoryl donor, is only slightly inhibited by 10 micrograms/ml heparin, and is not significantly stimulated by polyamines. Casein kinase II (Mr 135,000) can use both ATP and GTP as substrates, and is very sensitive to heparin inhibition and polyamine stimulation. The fact that low concentrations of heparin (10 micrograms/ml) can inhibit a large percentage of the endogenous phosphorylation of nuclear extracts or of whole nuclei indicates that casein kinase II is probably the major protein phosphorylating activity of these oocyte organelles. PMID- 3483174 TI - [Clinical effectiveness of a corticosteroid-antibiotic mixture used in pulpotomy and pulpectomy]. PMID- 3483175 TI - [Clinical use of feprazone in dentistry]. PMID- 3483176 TI - [Thermopolymerized acrylic resins--influence of time-temperature factor on tensile strength]. PMID- 3483177 TI - Minimizing the risk of transfusions in orthognathic surgery: use of predeposited autologous blood. PMID- 3483178 TI - Stability of simultaneous orthognathic surgery on the maxilla and mandible: a computer-assisted cephalometric study. PMID- 3483179 TI - A custom acrylic template for the transfer of reference lines and osteotomy from model surgery to the patient: an adjunct for Le Fort I osteotomy. PMID- 3483180 TI - Soft tissue response to Le Port I maxillary impaction surgery. PMID- 3483181 TI - Tooth eruption: correlation of histologic and radiographic findings in the animal model with clinical and radiographic findings in humans. PMID- 3483182 TI - Dental students view another culture. PMID- 3483183 TI - 10 questions on infection control. PMID- 3483184 TI - Computer assisted medical interactive-video system. PMID- 3483185 TI - Chlamydial urethritis: the most frequent form of nongonococcal urethritis. PMID- 3483186 TI - "Bug busting" in the Philippines. PMID- 3483187 TI - Oral care for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. PMID- 3483189 TI - [Evolution of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3483190 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging study of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3483188 TI - MRI and CT scan compared with microscopic histopathology in osteogenic sarcoma of the proximal tibia. AB - The authors report the case of a 15-year-old female who presented with a history of vague but constant pain about the medial aspect of her right knee. X-ray established the presence of an expanding lesion in the medial tibial plateau. Computerized axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used in the evaluation of the lesion. The authors compare the preoperative CT and MRI findings with the microscopic histopathology of the amputation specimen and note that the CT scan underestimated the extent of the microscopic tumor boundaries, whereas MRI showed altered activity beyond these boundaries. PMID- 3483191 TI - [Radiographic study of the temporomandibular joint by injection of a contrast substance]. PMID- 3483192 TI - [Use of radiographs in patients with HIV]. PMID- 3483193 TI - [Use of fissure sealants by dental practitioners in the Norwegian Dental Health Care System]. PMID- 3483194 TI - [Causes for failure/complications in restorative treatment with large fixed bridges]. PMID- 3483195 TI - [Dental health and dental health education in Kenya]. PMID- 3483196 TI - [Dentists exposure to mercury]. PMID- 3483197 TI - [Bulimia and destruction of dental hard tissues]. PMID- 3483198 TI - [Traumatic dental injuries among Norwegian athletes]. PMID- 3483199 TI - [Neurologic examination of patients in dental practice--is it needed?]. PMID- 3483200 TI - [Plasmids, bacterial pathogenicity, and modern biotechnology]. PMID- 3483201 TI - [The use of medications in the dental office]. PMID- 3483202 TI - [Norwegian research on practice opportunities for dentists licensed in 1981 1985]. PMID- 3483203 TI - [Incidence of decay among 6-18-year olds in Western Finnmark from 1978-84]. PMID- 3483204 TI - [Development of dental health care in northern Norway]. PMID- 3483205 TI - [Dental treatment performed using general anesthesia. Age of patients, time and type of treatment]. PMID- 3483206 TI - [Employment of Norwegian dental hygienists]. PMID- 3483207 TI - [Employment conditions of Norwegian dental hygienists]. PMID- 3483208 TI - [Can periodontal pathogens be transferred from animals to humans?]. PMID- 3483210 TI - Impressions.... PMID- 3483211 TI - Not a caries in the world? PMID- 3483212 TI - AIDS payments "this year". PMID- 3483209 TI - The Financial Services Act. PMID- 3483213 TI - Volunteer work in deaf community keeps this dental hygienist going. PMID- 3483214 TI - The role of dental hygiene in health promotion. PMID- 3483215 TI - Dentifrice dimensions. PMID- 3483216 TI - Anorexia and bulimia. Where will they end? PMID- 3483217 TI - [Orthodontics]. PMID- 3483218 TI - [Use of the Mandibular Kineseograph (M.K.): 2]. PMID- 3483219 TI - [Pregnancy gingivitis]. PMID- 3483220 TI - [Dentists and AIDS]. PMID- 3483221 TI - [Dental care of the adolescent]. PMID- 3483223 TI - [FLuoridation of drinking water]. PMID- 3483222 TI - [Bilateral hemorrhagic bone cyst]. PMID- 3483224 TI - [Identification of population groups with high caries risk. Its importance in dental public health programs]. PMID- 3483225 TI - [Recommendations concerning the human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3483226 TI - [Analysis of variations in the consistency of zinc-oxide eugenol used as a sealer in pulpectomies. Histomorphological study in dogs]. PMID- 3483227 TI - [Current status of pulp treatment with formocresol]. PMID- 3483228 TI - [Clinically found deficiencies in 500 fillings done on a population 15 years and older and their consequences]. PMID- 3483230 TI - [Current status and perspectives of the Science Work Organization in dental care]. PMID- 3483231 TI - [Tumorigenic effects of N-methyl-nitrosourea in the mouth of the Syrian hamster]. PMID- 3483229 TI - [Malocclusion and its relation to early loss of temporary molars and first permanent molar]. PMID- 3483232 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of the jaws. Our experience in the People's Republic of Angola]. PMID- 3483233 TI - [Description of a method for extraction of fractured instruments within the root canal]. PMID- 3483235 TI - [Primary care in dentistry in Cuba, structure and organization]. PMID- 3483234 TI - [Micrographic study of the transverse section of an aluminum porcelain jacket crown on a metal base]. PMID- 3483237 TI - [Oligodontia. Study of 500 clinical histories]. PMID- 3483236 TI - [Incidence of cleft lip and palate in children born at the Maternal and Infant Hospital of Camaguey. Years 1975-1979]. PMID- 3483238 TI - [Periodontal changes most frequently found in a group of patients with acrylic pivot crowns]. PMID- 3483240 TI - [Application of pulsating diathermy in 30 patients with pain in the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3483239 TI - [Change in the cellular exfoliation indices of palate and cheek mucosa in tobacco (cigar) smokers]. PMID- 3483241 TI - [Study of the prevalence of bruxism in the city of Playa]. PMID- 3483242 TI - [Radiographic anatomy of facial structures using the orthopantomograph]. PMID- 3483243 TI - [Effects and reciprocal interrelations of the depth of the impaction, anatomical localization, and epithelial cellularity in the pericoronal sac of impacted teeth]. PMID- 3483244 TI - [Cysts of the jaw. Study of 125 patients]. PMID- 3483245 TI - [Tumors of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3483246 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of periodontal disease in patients admitted to the Periodontology Department in 1983]. PMID- 3483247 TI - [Maxillofacial fractures in Mostaganem, Algeria. Statistical analysis]. PMID- 3483248 TI - [Influence of educational work on oral hygiene]. PMID- 3483249 TI - [Acute adult leukemia: experience with 41 patients]. PMID- 3483250 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: 2 cases of successful pregnancy after discontinuity of chemotherapy]. PMID- 3483251 TI - [Appetite and eating disorders: an increasing pathology?]. PMID- 3483252 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis--pathogenesis and treatment]. PMID- 3483253 TI - [Dental care for rheumatic patients]. PMID- 3483254 TI - [Acute and chronic facial pain]. PMID- 3483256 TI - [The computer in the patient reception area]. PMID- 3483255 TI - [Use of adhesives in oral surgery]. PMID- 3483257 TI - [ADB computers in dental health care]. PMID- 3483258 TI - [Data collection from the dental health care system]. PMID- 3483259 TI - [Data collection of costs of oral health care delivery]. PMID- 3483260 TI - [Hepatitis B. Its importance in stomatology and dental medicine]. PMID- 3483261 TI - The prevalence of dental caries among Portuguese children 6-9 years of age. PMID- 3483263 TI - [Choice of treatment of apertognathia as a function of facial morphology]. PMID- 3483264 TI - [Prevention of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483262 TI - [Statistical analysis of patients consulting preventive dental medicine]. PMID- 3483265 TI - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. (Clinical case and therapeutic test)]. PMID- 3483266 TI - [Microbiological aspects of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483267 TI - [Report of a case of serious destructive periodontal disease caused by use of an elastic to close a diastema]. PMID- 3483268 TI - [Osteoradionecrosis]. PMID- 3483269 TI - [Failures in endodontics]. PMID- 3483270 TI - [Dental caries. Prevalence and evaluated risk factors in a sample of Portugese school population]. PMID- 3483271 TI - [Teleradiographic analysis in orthognathic surgery]. PMID- 3483272 TI - [Cervicofacial adenopathies]. PMID- 3483273 TI - Personnel policies: indirect compensation or fringe benefits, Part IV. PMID- 3483274 TI - Prepare your laboratory to compete without cutting prices. PMID- 3483275 TI - Federal right-to-know law extended to commercial dental laboratories. PMID- 3483278 TI - Personnel policies: communicating the specifics, Part III. PMID- 3483277 TI - Another often overlooked management function--purchasing. PMID- 3483276 TI - Guidelines for sponsoring a seminar. PMID- 3483279 TI - The Texas story: licensure, certification, registration. PMID- 3483280 TI - Palladium alloys ... today's choice for PFM restorations. PMID- 3483281 TI - Raising capital (borrowing). PMID- 3483282 TI - Minicourse: Kennedy-Applegate classification of partially edentulous dental arches. PMID- 3483283 TI - The Triad System: an ideal achieved. PMID- 3483284 TI - Regulated dental infection control for dentists and commercial laboratories. PMID- 3483285 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin: monotherapy of hospital infections. PMID- 3483286 TI - Imipenem/cilastatin treatment of lower extremity skin and soft tissue infections in diabetics. AB - The efficacy and safety profile of imipenem/cilastatin was investigated in 94 patients with diabetes mellitus with infections of the lower extremity. Ninety eight percent of the pathogens were susceptible to imipenem; this was higher than to other antibiotics tested. Ninety-two percent of the patients were cured (47%) or improved (45%). Bacterial eradication was achieved for 79% of the pathogens. Adverse experiences were similar to those reported previously. Imipenem cilastatin proved to be a very effective antibiotic with a good safety profile for use in diabetic patients with lower extremity infections. PMID- 3483287 TI - Intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of mild and moderately severe bacterial infections. AB - The efficacy and safety of intramuscularly administered imipenem/cilastatin was studied in 70 patients with mild or moderately severe bacterial infections (skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and pelvic infections). Doses of imipenem/cilastatin ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 g twice daily. Fifty-five patients were evaluable for bacteriological efficacy; in the remaining 15 patients no pathogens were isolated or susceptibility data were lacking. MIC50 and MIC90 of imipenem were 0.12 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-negative pathogens isolated and 0.25 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-positive pathogens. Only one strain (a Flavobacterium odoratum) was resistant to imipenem. Clinical cure and bacteriological elimination was achieved in 94% of evaluable patients while 3% showed marked clinical improvement. Two patients were considered therapeutic failures. No clinical adverse effects were noted. Abnormal liver transaminases were recorded in 23% of the patients and 11% developed eosinophilia. In no patient was imipenem/cilastatin discontinued due to adverse effects. It is concluded that intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin in these patients was well tolerated and efficacious. PMID- 3483288 TI - Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin in children and neonates. AB - Imipenem, a new carbapenem (thienamycin) beta-lactam antibiotic which is clinically used in a 1:1 combination with cilastatin, an inhibitor of renal metabolism of imipenem, was evaluated in 25 patients; 11 children and 14 neonates. A mean daily dose of 60 mg/kg was given to children and the dose in neonates was 50 mg/kg. Clinically, 21 patients were cured, two failed to respond to treatment and two were not evaluable. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in the 11 children and in 10 of the neonates. The mean elimination half-life of imipenem was 0.87 h in children and 2.1 h in neonates. The mean cilastatin elimination half-life was 0.73 h in children and 5.1 h in neonates. This difference in half-life between children and neonates is similar to the one noted between healthy adults and adults with renal insufficiency. No accumulation of imipenem was seen in neonates studied on the first and fifth days of treatment. PMID- 3483289 TI - [Local vibrations and their effects on the hand]. PMID- 3483290 TI - [Local vibrations and their effects on the hand]. PMID- 3483291 TI - [Local vibrations and their effects on the hand]. PMID- 3483293 TI - The dentist knows your secret. PMID- 3483292 TI - [Local vibrations and their effects on the hand]. PMID- 3483294 TI - An office is not a home. PMID- 3483295 TI - Isolation of 3 beta,20 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase from sheep fetal blood. AB - 3 beta,20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase has been isolated from ovine fetal blood by a 2,370-fold purification scheme of ammonium sulfate fractionation, calcium phosphate gel adsorption, affinity chromatography, and fast performance liquid chromatography. A new high performance liquid chromatography-based assay for measuring 20 alpha-reductase activity is described. The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 35,000 and uses NADPH as a cofactor for reductase activity. It reduces progesterone to 4-pregnen-20 alpha-ol-3-one or 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone to 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta,17 beta-diol with kinetic characteristics of Km = 30.8 microM and Vmax = 0.7 nmol min-1 (nmol of enzyme)-1 or Km = 74 microM and Vmax = 1.3 nmol min-1 (nmol of enzyme)-1, respectively. 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone competitively inhibits 20 alpha-reductase activity with a Ki value of 102 microM. PMID- 3483296 TI - Effect of flutamide on 5 alpha-reductases, 5 beta-reductases, and 3 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in rat liver. AB - Flutamide (0.5 mM) decreased in vitro the activity of NADH-5 alpha-reductase (substrate testosterone) in liver homogenate of male and female rats, whereas no change of activity of NADPH-5 alpha-reductase was observed. NADH- and NADPH-5 beta-reductase activity increased only in liver of female, but not of male rats. NAD+-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and NAD+-3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (substrate 5 alpha-dihydro-testosterone) in liver homogenate from female rats were inhibited by flutamide (0.5 mM), whereas the activity of NADP+-3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (substrate 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) and of NAD+-3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (substrate 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone) increased in presence of flutamide. The activity of NADH- and NADPH-5 alpha reductase decreased after flutamide administration to female rats at a dose of 5 mg per day for 7 days. PMID- 3483298 TI - [Experiences with covering of denuded necks of teeth]. PMID- 3483297 TI - [Longitudinal results of periodontal status after gingivectomy for treatment of severe periodontopathies]. PMID- 3483299 TI - [Influence of cadmium on hard tissues of teeth and on parotid salivary glands of rats]. PMID- 3483300 TI - [Device for simultaneous recording of the opening and closing movements of the mandible and clicking of the TMJ]. PMID- 3483301 TI - [Fluoride content of deciduous teeth in children with and without fluoridated water]. PMID- 3483303 TI - [An easy method of determining root canal length using X-rays]. PMID- 3483302 TI - [Clinical analyses of the intensity and duration of pain after tooth extraction]. PMID- 3483305 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of paranasal sinus disease from the dental viewpoint]. PMID- 3483304 TI - [Dangers and risks of intra-osseous implantation]. PMID- 3483306 TI - [Further development of the Ni/Cr-base alloy, Gisadent NCA]. PMID- 3483307 TI - [Nutritional habits of children and adolescents]. PMID- 3483308 TI - [Development of a methodical solution for teaching arrangements for prosthetic dentistry]. PMID- 3483309 TI - [Autoradiographic investigations of the influence of tongue position on the mitotic activity of the condylar growth area]. PMID- 3483310 TI - [New registration device for intraoral recording of the gothic arch]. PMID- 3483312 TI - [Criteria of occlusal function]. PMID- 3483311 TI - [Processing and use of heat-cured silicones in dentistry]. PMID- 3483313 TI - [Needle point tracing in functional analysis of oro-facial organs]. PMID- 3483314 TI - [Effects of heat treatment on hardness and structure of Ni/Cr alloys]. PMID- 3483315 TI - [Gingival fenestration. Formation of gingival recession]. PMID- 3483316 TI - [The bacteriology of dentoalveolar infections with special emphasis on diagnosis of anaerobic microbes]. PMID- 3483317 TI - [Special problems of fractures of facial bones]. PMID- 3483318 TI - [Hemisection--a therapy for preservation with dentition deficiency]. PMID- 3483320 TI - Periodontal considerations in the child dental patient. PMID- 3483319 TI - [Accidents at work in health and social areas with special concerns of dental specialties]. PMID- 3483321 TI - [Preventive dentistry and society]. PMID- 3483322 TI - [Preventive restoration with glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 3483323 TI - Is Streptococcus mutans adherence saliva test predictive for caries? PMID- 3483324 TI - Low molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitors of the human intervertebral disc. AB - Human lumbar disc tissue when extracted with 4M GuHCl and subjected to dissociative CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation yielded trypsin inhibitor activity in the low bouyant density fractions (rho less than or equal to 1.38 g/ml). Disc proteoglycans sedimented in the high bouyant density fractions (rho greater than or equal to 1.5 g/ml). Sephadex G75F gel filtration of the low bouyant density protein fractions afforded a major low molecular weight (Kav = 0.5) trypsin inhibitor pool which was further purified by trypsin affinity chromatography. This latter step facilitated separation of the trypsin inhibitors from neutral proteinase activity also present. The trypsin inhibitor fraction so isolated was shown to possess potent inhibitory activity against a range of human serine proteinases including leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G, urokinase, kallikrein, plasmin and thrombin. Significantly this serine proteinase inhibitor preparation effectively prevented degradation of proteoglycans by a neutral proteinase also isolated from the human intervertebral disc. PMID- 3483325 TI - Extended wear--what happened? PMID- 3483326 TI - The Boston IV material for extended wear in myopia. PMID- 3483327 TI - Coatings on the surface of siloxane gas permeable lenses worn by keratoconic patients: a scanning electron microscope study. PMID- 3483328 TI - [Closure of a pharyngocutaneous fistula using a delto-pectoral and ipsilateral musculocutaneous major pectoralis flap]. PMID- 3483330 TI - [Assessment of the value of sialography and CT sialography in the diagnosis of tumors of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3483329 TI - [Reconstruction of a moderate scalp defect using the Gillies tripod technic--case report]. PMID- 3483331 TI - [Treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx]. PMID- 3483332 TI - [Standardization of photography of the orofacial region]. PMID- 3483333 TI - [Classification of gynecomastia and surgical treatment using concentric circles]. PMID- 3483334 TI - [New approaches in the treatment of cancer of the head and neck]. PMID- 3483335 TI - [Acquired and congenital defects of the ear and reconstructive methods]. PMID- 3483337 TI - Osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma of ilium in 46-month-old boy. AB - A 46-month-old boy with a four-day history of pain and swelling over the right posterior ilium was thought to have acute osteomyelitis on the basis of a normal pelvic x-ray, markedly increased scintigraphic activity in the right ilium, and a mildly elevated sedimentation rate. At surgery, no signs of osteomyelitis were found, and biopsy revealed osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma. This is the youngest child with osteogenic sarcoma of the pelvic reported in the literature. PMID- 3483336 TI - [Antiproliferative effect of an extract of Aspergillus terreus]. AB - We have studied antiproliferative effect of Aspergillus terreus extract on various cell lines: I-407 normal human cells, L-929 normal murine cells, K-562 erythroleukemic human cells, IAD lymphoblastoid human cells and B 95-8 monkey lymphoblastoid cells. K-562 and lymphoblastoid cells showed higher sensitivity to the extract. Moreover, "a cytostatic dose" of the extract on K-562 cells (12.5 micrograms/ml showed a reduction of 3H-thymidine (but not of 14C-uracil) incorporation, leading us to hypothesize a prevalent action on DNA synthesis. PMID- 3483338 TI - The expression of mature myeloid cell differentiation markers in acute leukemia. AB - Cells from 82 patients with leukemia in acute phase (40 ANLL, 1 AUL, 36 ALL, 5 CGL in blast crisis) were studied for the expression of mature cell markers of the major nonlymphocytic cell lineages (monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and platelets) using monoclonal antibodies. In addition, cells were examined for the presence of HLA-A, B, C antigens, Ia antigens and common ALL antigen, as well as Fc receptors capable of binding murine immunoglobulins. Approximately one-third of ANLL specimens lacked any of the mature-cell differentiation markers studied. These were always in the relatively undifferentiated morphological subgroups (M1 and M2). Some of the specimens in these groups also expressed little or no HLA-A, B, C and/or Ia antigen. Of the lineage-specific MAb, FMC32 and FMC34, which bind to monocytes, and monocytes plus granulocytes respectively, gave the most interesting results. Together with the anti-CALLA antibody J5, they contributed to the differential diagnosis of ANLL and ALL. In addition they detected phenotypic heterogeneity within the FAB types of ANLL, particularly the M1 and M2 groups. Binding of murine IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies, apparently via Fc receptors, was commonly observed with ANLL cells. This is a potentially serious source of "false positives" in studies using murine MAb with human leukemic cells. PMID- 3483339 TI - Hybrid biphenotypic acute leukemia with extreme hypodiploidy. AB - A patient diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2) relapsed 4 months later and was found to have morphologic and immunologic evidence of a biphenotypic hybrid acute leukemia. Chromosome analysis at relapse showed two abnormal clones, one with marked hypodiploidy and the other with exactly double the hypodiploid clone. It is considered that this is an example of a hybrid lymphoblastic/nonlymphoblastic leukemia with unique karyotype. PMID- 3483341 TI - [In vitro growth delay induced by x-rays or diethylstilbestrol in transformed human blood cells]. PMID- 3483340 TI - General case of the day. Radiation induced osteosarcoma of the left clavicle with osteoblastic pulmonary metastases. PMID- 3483342 TI - [Tumoricidal activity of neutrophils]. PMID- 3483343 TI - Reconstructing the evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation from a consideration of the amino acid sequences of clotting proteins. PMID- 3483344 TI - A new dimension in diagnostic imaging. PMID- 3483346 TI - Four-handed dentistry today. PMID- 3483345 TI - Mastering the product development maze. PMID- 3483347 TI - The challenge of TMJ radiography. PMID- 3483348 TI - Three-dimensional computer graphics. PMID- 3483349 TI - A comparative microscopic investigation on the efficiency of different intracanal irrigants used in endodontics. PMID- 3483350 TI - Effect of topically applied fluoride, iodide and their combination on dental caries and oral flora in rats. PMID- 3483351 TI - Myotoxic effects of different doses of lidocaine with or without epinephrine in rats. PMID- 3483352 TI - [Control of pain and anxiety in dentistry]. PMID- 3483353 TI - [General anesthesia in ambulatory dental practice. Personal experience of 183 cases]. PMID- 3483354 TI - [Brief analgesic anesthesia in dentistry]. PMID- 3483355 TI - [A new type of nasal mask for administration of nitrous oxide in dentistry]. PMID- 3483356 TI - [The control of pain and anxiety in dentistry]. PMID- 3483357 TI - [Sedation of the ambulatory dental patient with diazepam and with prazepam. Double blind study]. PMID- 3483358 TI - [Anxiety in periodontal patients. Analysis of 272 patients]. PMID- 3483359 TI - [Anxiety in ambulatory dental patients. Preliminary study using psychological tests]. PMID- 3483360 TI - Treatment of relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. I. Experiences with 82 first bone marrow and 17 isolated central nervous system relapses observed 1968-1980. AB - Of 99 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow or isolated CNS relapse seen between 1968 and 1980, 48 were treated without standardized protocol and 51 according to a relapse protocol. Of 16 patients with bone marrow relapse after cessation of the initial treatment 6 survived 8 1/2 years or more, of 66 with bone marrow relapse while on therapy only 4 survived. All of the latter were low risk patients with an initial WBC of less than 20 x 10(9)/l and no enlargement of the mediastinum. All of the 17 patients with isolated CNS relapse died. The relapse protocols used probably improved the chances of children with first bone marrow but not of those with isolated CNS relapse. PMID- 3483361 TI - Treatment of relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. II. Experiences with 45 first bone marrow and 24 isolated central nervous system relapses observed 1981-1984. AB - Of 45 children with ALL who had a first hematological recurrence between 1981 and 1984, 33 relapsed while still on treatment and 12 after cessation of therapy. Of the former 1 of 16 high risk (initial WBC greater than or equal to 20 x 10(9)/l and/or enlargement of the mediastinum) and 5 of 17 low risk patients (initial WBC less than 20 x 10(9)/l and no enlargement of the mediastinum), of the latter 6 patients survived after a minimum follow-up of 20 months. During the same time period, a first isolated CNS relapse was observed in 24 children of whom 16 survived. These results suggest that at the time of evaluation 1. the prognosis of children with ALL in first hematological relapse during the years 1981-1984 was not significantly different from that of similar children treated earlier; and 2. the prognosis of children with isolated CNS relapse had improved. PMID- 3483362 TI - Scanning electron microscopic search for peritubular dentine in some early perissodactyls. AB - A scanning electron microscopic study has shown the presence of a typical layer of peritubular dentine in Hyrachyus. An homogeneous ring-shaped layer in continuity with intertubular dentine and considered as peritubular dentine despite its acid resistant character was observed around the lumens of dentinal tubules in Protungulatum, Tetraclaenodon and Propachynolophus maldani teeth; there is some evidence that the acid solubility of peritubular dentine has been altered during fossilization. No peritubular dentine was found in Phenacodus, Hyracotherium or Homogalax. PMID- 3483363 TI - [Analysis of mandibular movements in present-day humans by examination of the striae found on the facets of wear]. AB - The analysis of the microscopic appearance of the dental wear facets in contemporary european subjects has been conducted using the replica method. It showed the presence of numerous striae running in various directions. The angle of each stria with the sagittal plane was measured: 1540 angle values were recorded on 6 facet types belonging to 3 groups of teeth. Statistical analysis showed that the striae distribution on the various facets studied was not random. The facets of the palatal edges and facets of the upper central incisors showed mainly parasagittal striae indicating propelling movements. The striae of the wear facets of the canine tips showed no definite direction. The palatal facets of canines as well as the working and non-working facets of the molars showed 2 groups of striae oriented obliquely, forward and inside and also forward and outside. The molar working facets also had parasagittal striae. The significance of the 2 groups of oblique striae is discussed in relation to the occlusal kinematic during mastication. PMID- 3483364 TI - Surface roughening of human enamel after toothbrushing. AB - Grooves and scratches on the enamel surface are potential and preferential sites for bacterial adhesion. During toothbrushing groove formation is a potential risk especially in dentin. To obtain information on groove formation in enamel a profilometric experiment has been carried out on polished human enamel. The main result is that no groove formation with a depth more than a few tenths of a micrometer is observable even after 50.000 toothbrush strokes. The fact that material is removed by toothbrushing is indirect proof that enamel is removed by continuous brushing in layers more or less parallel to the original surface. PMID- 3483365 TI - [The respective roles of occlusal abrasion and bacterial plaque in the etiology of alveolar lysis in periodontitis in hamsters]. AB - This study was designed to determine the respective roles of occlusal attrition and subsequent tooth egression, and bacterial plaque accumulation on bone loss (or radicular denudation) during hamster periodontitis. Seventy young male animals were separated into 7 groups. Occlusal attrition was compared on 3 different diets (standard in pellet form, standard in powder form, and Keyes 2000 in powder form), thought to have different abrasiveness. The role of bacterial plaque wad evidenced by inhibiting it with Penicillin V in animals fed the same 3 diets. Compared to animals killed at the beginning of the experimental period (absolute controls), 3 months later bacterial plaque was slightly increased in hamsters fed the standard diet, very markedly increased in 2000 diet-fed animals and, decreased in the 3 antibiotic treated groups. Occlusal attrition was increased in the 2 groups fed the standard diets but not in the 2000 diet-fed animals. Radicular denudation was slightly increased in the standard diet groups, very markedly increased in the 2000 diet group, and unchanged in the antibiotic treated animals. Thus, the less abrasive diet was associated with the greatest plaque accumulation and bone loss; conversely, with the most abrasive diets, radicular denudation had slightly progressed with only small amounts of plaque. This suggests that in hamster periodontitis, bone loss is not influenced by occlusal attrition but is completely dependent on the direct action of bacterial plaque. PMID- 3483366 TI - Electron microprobe and microradiographic studies of carious enamel lesions covered with dental calculus. AB - From a large number of posterior teeth with arrested natural carious lesions some 0.56 percent were found to have arrested approximal lesions with a superficial layer of calculus. The lesions were examined using quantitative microradiography for mineral content and by electron microprobe analysis for Ca, Na, Cl, Mg and P. The conditions in the plaque, which caused the formation of calculus, might also be expected to cause a remineralization of the lesions. However, the lesions examined were found to have a low mineral content in their body, and moreover, had a lower Na/Ca ratio and a higher Cl/Ca ratio than sound enamel; these are characteristics also found in carious lesions not covered with dental calculus. On the assumption that the lesions developed before any plaque calcification occurred, it is concluded that conditions which favour the calcification of plaque do not favour the remineralization of carious lesions in vivo. As only 0.5% of the carious lesions in extracted teeth were covered with calculus, it must be admitted that consecutive periods of lesion formation followed by calculus formation on the same tooth face are rare. PMID- 3483367 TI - [Tooth grafts in the dog: effect at mid-term of preservation of the periodontal ligament on root and alveolar remnants]. AB - This work was undertaken to study at middle term (5 months) the behaviour of radicular grafts implanted in newly formed sockets. In some of the grafts, the remnants of the periodontal membrane were carefully preserved in a wet medium while in the others the root surface was curetted and dried. Preservation of the periodontal tissues allowed the organization of a periodontal space. This new periodontal ligament was occasionally functional with fibres in continuity from cementum to bone. Generally it was not functional with the fibres laying parallel to cementum and bone surfaces. Early "surface resorption" of the root was prevented as well as ankylosis leading to replacement of root with bone. The extent of ankylosis was reduced. It was localized to the buccal and lingual aspects of the roots where the periodontal ligament was disorganized during the extraction procedure. In the non preserved roots, ankylosis was almost total. Roots were in part replaced with bone. At 5 months, this process was still in progress. PMID- 3483368 TI - Mineral distributions in enamel after in vivo de- and remineralization. AB - Plates of human enamel were demineralized under plaque in 18 participants. The subjects were randomly allocated to 3 groups consuming 0, 1 or 2 filled chocolate products (FCP) in between meals daily for periods of 4 weeks. Subsequently, the specimens were remineralized in vivo for 9 weeks, with or without the consumption of an FCP. The mineral distribution was assessed by means of microradiography. Special emphasis was placed on the type of mineral distribution. The results showed that: 1) significantly more enamel samples demineralized in vivo with a surface layer covering the lesion, when FCP's were eaten in between meals. The ranking of the number of samples with a surface layer was 0 FCP less than 1 FCP less than 2 FCP. 2) The amount of mineral lost during demineralization was not statistically different between 0 and 1 FCP. There is a difference between 0 and 2 FCP. 3) There was no difference in surface layer thickness or mineral content in the surface layer of 0, 1 or 2 FCP consumption in the demineralization experiment. 4) After 9 weeks a substantial remineralization occurred. There was no difference in remineralization between the 0 and 1 FCP group. 5) No difference in the percentage remineralization was found between mineral distributions with or without a surface layer. PMID- 3483369 TI - Effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on the growth of rat mandible skeletal units. AB - To study the effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on the growth of the skeletal units of the rat mandible, female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were assigned to 1 of 3 different groups. One of the groups received ethanol in the drinking water (up to 10% v/v) for at least 15 days prior to mating, then 20% (v/v) throughout gestation. A balanced diet was supplied ad libitum. A second group was pair-fed with the first group. In addition, an amount of corn starch calorically equivalent to the amount of ethanol consumed by that group was offered. The remaining group formed the normal control and received food and water ad libitum. All groups were offered food and water ad libitum after delivery. Total caloric intakes in the first 2 groups. were 67.8% of that of the normal control group. The average off-spring weight at birth for rats given ethanol was 17% lower than that of normal control rats. There was no significant difference between the average weights of the offspring of pair-fed and normal control rats. During the ensuing 3 weeks, the weight of the offspring of alcoholic rats showed no indication of catching-up. All skeletal units of the mandible of the offspring of ethanol-treated females differed significantly from those of the control group. These differences varied between 2% and 16%. The skeletal units of mandibles of the pair-fed group did not differ significantly from ad libitum controls. The mandibular width was similar in all 3 experimental groups. PMID- 3483370 TI - [Cells in the normal human periodontal ligament. An ultrastructural, histo enzymological and immunocytochemical study on in vitro cultures]. AB - Four cellular cultures from explants of human periodontal ligament were studied. In these cultures, cells were fusiform or stellate with a high percentage (5 to 10%) of round mitotic cells. The scanning electron microscope confirmed the simultaneous presence of flat cells in interphase and cells in prophase with microvilli and long filipodes and of round mitotic cells with microvilli and blebs. Histoenzymology disclosed in these cells high activities in oxidative enzymes and leucine aminopeptidase. Furthermore some cells showed an alkaline phosphatase activity. Immunocytochemistry detected in most of these cells intermediate vimentin filaments and the presence of type I and III collagen irregularly distributed among these cells. In transmission electron microscopy the elongated cells presented a clear nucleus, numerous endocytosic vesicles, ribosomes and longitudinal filaments. Variations were noted, especially in the quantity and quality of cell secretions, the fibroblasts secreting either the two type I and III collagen or only type I. The rare cells assuming alkaline phosphatase activity were atypical in possibly being provided with osteogenic potential. PMID- 3483371 TI - Effects of acid-base status and fluoride on the composition of the mineral in developing enamel and dentine in the dog. AB - Developing molar teeth of the dog were sectioned, embedded in copper containing polymethyl methacrylate, polished and their Ca/P and Ca/Na molar ratios investigated with the electron microprobe. The teeth were obtained at 30 days from 9 pups fed regimes of different acid-base status with or without fluoride supplementation from birth to sacrifice at 30 days. No clear trends in their Ca/P or Ca/Na ratios with variation in the diet were observed. However, evaluation of the Ca/P ratio of the enamel as a function of depth revealed that this ratio was 0.80 +/- 0.15 at the mineralization front. This suggests that in enamel brushite rather than octacalcium phosphate is the precursor phase of the mineral. PMID- 3483373 TI - [Histological data on the pharyngeal jaws of Trachinotus teraia (Cuvier 1832), Carangidae (Osteichthyes, Perciformes) of tropical Africa]. AB - The thick pharyngeal jaws of Trachinotus teraia are made up of small teeth embedded in an abundant acellular vascularized bone tissue. The diameter of the vascular canals is progressively reduced from the center of the jaw to the abrasive surface where they are wholly obliterated by bone tissue. Each tooth consists of a small cone of orthodentine without an apical hypermineralized cape. The teeth have a weak masticatory function compared to the surrounding bone tissue. The genesis of these teeth probably takes place in the inner part of the pharyngeal jaws; they then move progressively towards the abrasive surface. The inner localization of the first stages of dentinogenesis raises the question of an effective epidermal participation in the ontogenesis of the pharyngeal teeth in T. teraia. PMID- 3483372 TI - [Evaluation of an in vivo perfusion technic for the dental pulp in rats as validated by demonstration of the release of prostaglandins]. AB - Many different biologically active substances contribute to the metabolism of dental pulp. Until now, release of these substances has been evaluated only by in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to establish a technique of perfusion allowing the evaluation in vivo of the secreting activity of dental pulp. In order to validate this technique, the in vivo release of prostaglandins, substances which seem to play a key role in pulpal metabolism was measured. The "push-pull" perfusion technique was used, whereby a physiological medium was made to bath the pulpal surface by aspiration. Pulp was exposed by opening an upper incisor in an anaesthetized rat. The perfusion was kept constant by means of a device composed of cannula, catheters, and micropumps which produced a flow followed by an aspiration of the liquid. Every ten minute fraction was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Ten minutes after the beginning of perfusion, the results showed a kinetic for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha release, characterized by a base level of 7.4 +/- 6.7 and 28.6 +/- 12.0 pg/min respectively. These were interrupted by a very high peak as compared to base level (19 times higher for PGE2 and 6.6 times for PGF2 alpha), occurring fifty minutes after trepanation. This experiment is the first attempt made in vivo and in situ, to measure biologically active substances of pulpal origin. PMID- 3483375 TI - Quality of care: a role for the professional. PMID- 3483374 TI - [Enamel pearls in the deciduous teeth]. AB - A microradiographic study of 40 human deciduous teeth showed an unexpected high frequency (33%) of enamel pearls at the junctional interradicular line of the molars. An electron probe analysis showed that the composition of the pearls is similar to that of the coronal enamel. The pearls are located on normal dentine and are in contact with a hypermineralised layer separating cementum from dentine. It is hypothesised that the origin of this hyaline layer and the observed high frequency of pearls is not due to a possible differentiation of Hertwig sheath cells but results from variations of an usual biological process. PMID- 3483376 TI - Total mandibular subapical osteotomy: a report on long-term stability and surgical technique. PMID- 3483378 TI - Controlled osteosynthesis utilizing the position screw. PMID- 3483377 TI - Professional and lay judgment of facial esthetic changes following orthognathic surgery. PMID- 3483379 TI - Magnetic resonance: an imaging adjunct for orthognathic evaluation? PMID- 3483380 TI - [Genetic mechanisms of dental development]. PMID- 3483381 TI - High resolution breakpoints of the Philadelphia translocation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3483384 TI - [The laser in the dental office]. PMID- 3483382 TI - [Esthetic obturation of lateral sectors: current status and future prospects]. PMID- 3483385 TI - [Direct resin inlay]. PMID- 3483383 TI - [Canine impaction: surgical method]. PMID- 3483386 TI - [The parotid salivary glands and their relation to chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 3483387 TI - [Participation of immunocompetent cells in chronic periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483388 TI - [Nursing bottle caries]. PMID- 3483389 TI - [Intraoral lymphoepithelial cyst: report of a case]. PMID- 3483390 TI - [Chondroma of the soft tissues of the oral cavity: report of two cases]. PMID- 3483391 TI - [Dental caries in the south of the Federal District]. PMID- 3483392 TI - [Post-graduate in stomatology]. PMID- 3483393 TI - [Technical professionals for integration of the dentist's work]. PMID- 3483394 TI - [Evaluation of sonic and ultrasonic technics for endodontic instrumentation]. PMID- 3483395 TI - [Family dentistry: an option for health institutions]. PMID- 3483397 TI - [Endoperiodontology as a specialty]. PMID- 3483396 TI - [Prevalence and distribution of DMF teeth in child population]. PMID- 3483398 TI - [Multiple injuries: initial treatment (report of a case)]. PMID- 3483399 TI - [Solitary plasmacytoma: report of a case]. PMID- 3483400 TI - [Evaluations]. PMID- 3483401 TI - [Allergic reactions]. PMID- 3483402 TI - [Correction of tipped molars for prosthetic purposes, using orthodontic movement]. PMID- 3483404 TI - [Gutta percha cones: laboratory study]. PMID- 3483405 TI - [Health education: a necessity for prevention]. PMID- 3483407 TI - [Adequate use of antimicrobiols in dentistry]. PMID- 3483403 TI - [Dental practice and anxiety]. PMID- 3483406 TI - [General considerations and possible complications in pregnancy and lactation]. PMID- 3483408 TI - [Restoration of posterior teeth with composite resins]. PMID- 3483409 TI - [Orthodontics, occlusion and dysfunction]. PMID- 3483410 TI - [Odontogenic keratocyst: importance of preoperative diagnosis (report of two cases)]. PMID- 3483411 TI - [Brain abscess of dental origin (report of a case)]. PMID- 3483412 TI - [Primordial keratinizing cyst (report of a case)]. PMID- 3483413 TI - [General anesthesia for the ambulatory patient]. PMID- 3483414 TI - [Development of microorganisms in the presence of acamphorated parachlorophenol]. PMID- 3483415 TI - [Current status of dental education in Mexico]. PMID- 3483416 TI - [AIDS: extent of the problem]. PMID- 3483417 TI - [Standard for stomatologic care during pregnancy (I)]. PMID- 3483418 TI - [Selection of an antiinflammatory drug]. PMID- 3483420 TI - [Psychology in the consultation]. PMID- 3483419 TI - [Etiology of dental infections]. PMID- 3483421 TI - [Clinical histological study of different irrigants in endodontics]. PMID- 3483422 TI - [Mandibular stability in sagittal ramus osteotomy with rigid internal fixation]. PMID- 3483423 TI - [Mandibular stability after sagittal and rigid osseous fixation (preliminary study in Mexico)]. PMID- 3483425 TI - [Current status of dental education in Mexico (2)]. PMID- 3483424 TI - [Comparative study of physicochemical properties of 4 cavity varnishes]. PMID- 3483426 TI - [Viral hepatitis (1)]. PMID- 3483427 TI - [Standard for stomatologic care during pregnancy (2)]. PMID- 3483428 TI - [Penicillin, cephalosporin, dicloxacillin]. PMID- 3483429 TI - [Will there be certification in Mexico?]. PMID- 3483430 TI - [Occupational hazards of the dentist]. PMID- 3483431 TI - [Oral manifestations of AIDS: report of a case]. PMID- 3483432 TI - [Oligodontia: report of a family]. PMID- 3483433 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of internal lesions of the TMJ: report of a case]. PMID- 3483434 TI - [Periodontology]. PMID- 3483435 TI - [Antibiotics and the dental procedure]. PMID- 3483436 TI - [Current status of dental education in Mexico (3)]. PMID- 3483437 TI - [Viral hepatitis (2)]. PMID- 3483438 TI - [Use of drugs during stomatologic treatment in pregnancy]. PMID- 3483439 TI - [Erythromycin, ampicillin, aminoglycosides]. PMID- 3483440 TI - [The computer in the office]. PMID- 3483441 TI - [Relationship of the occurrence of pulp stones and periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483442 TI - [Sport dentistry: report of a double mandibular fracture in a boxer]. PMID- 3483443 TI - [Central giant cell granuloma: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3483444 TI - [Focal epithelial hyperplasia: report of a familial case]. PMID- 3483446 TI - [Analgesics]. PMID- 3483445 TI - [Diskectomy and condylotomy in internal lesions of the TMJ: preliminary report]. PMID- 3483447 TI - [Maxillofacial evaluation. A perinatal focus]. PMID- 3483448 TI - [Other antibiotics]. PMID- 3483450 TI - [Apical and periapical pathology. Treatment guidelines]. PMID- 3483449 TI - [Fluoridation of salt]. PMID- 3483451 TI - [Efficiency in pulpal analgesia of local dental anesthesia solutions]. PMID- 3483452 TI - [Obturation technics in endodontia]. PMID- 3483453 TI - [Justification for occlusal adjustment in complete denture]. PMID- 3483454 TI - [Hardness of enamel and dentin]. PMID- 3483455 TI - [Recognition of craniomandibular disorders I]. PMID- 3483456 TI - [Root amputation: valuable aid in endodontics]. PMID- 3483457 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma: general and stomatologic aspects]. PMID- 3483459 TI - [What will be the future methods of teaching in dental schools?]. PMID- 3483458 TI - [Ambulatory dental consultation in Social Security. Valencia province]. PMID- 3483460 TI - [Root canal irrigation with various solutions and its study with scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 3483461 TI - [Enamel microdefects and their relation to dental caries]. PMID- 3483462 TI - [Help for the implant patient at the School of Stomatology in Madrid]. PMID- 3483463 TI - [The biopsy in stomatology]. PMID- 3483464 TI - [Biomechanical mounting]. PMID- 3483465 TI - [Cancer of the floor of the mouth]. PMID- 3483466 TI - [Methods for making local anesthesia more comfortable]. PMID- 3483467 TI - [Hereditary transmission and relation to HLA antigens in juvenile periodontitis: clinical familial study]. PMID- 3483468 TI - [Standards for control of infection transmission in stomatologic practice]. PMID- 3483469 TI - [Orthodontics and facial change]. PMID- 3483470 TI - [Clinical guidelines for prevention of caries and periodontal disease in stomatologic consultation]. PMID- 3483471 TI - [The temporomandibular joint and dental occlusion: inseparable companions]. PMID- 3483472 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of treatment in 130 children]. PMID- 3483474 TI - [Study of the prevalence of caries in a child population of Dos Hermanas (Seville)]. PMID- 3483473 TI - [Oral manifestations of hepatic cirrhosis. I. Oral symptomatology and dental study]. PMID- 3483475 TI - [Pathology of dental hard tissues]. PMID- 3483476 TI - [Mucogingival surgery. I. Generalities]. PMID- 3483477 TI - [Adverse reactions to local anesthetics. Current status]. PMID- 3483478 TI - [Fluoridation methods]. PMID- 3483479 TI - [Prevalence of caries in the six-year molar in students at Rio de Pontevedra]. PMID- 3483480 TI - [Oral manifestations of hepatic cirrhosis. II. Periodontal and oral mucosa study]. PMID- 3483481 TI - [Differential diagnosis of temporomandibular arthropathy]. PMID- 3483482 TI - [Optical ultrastructural study of the gingival mastocyte population in chronic destructive periodontitis. I. Morphologic changes]. PMID- 3483483 TI - [Vincent's sign. Apropos of a diagnostic error]. PMID- 3483484 TI - ["In vitro" apical seal using calcium hydroxide based cements]. PMID- 3483485 TI - [Epidemiological study of dental caries in Castellon and study of the cost/benefit ratio]. PMID- 3483486 TI - [Mucogingival surgery. II. Surgical technics]. PMID- 3483487 TI - [Corticotomy]. PMID- 3483488 TI - [Etiopathology and clinical manifestations of dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system]. PMID- 3483489 TI - [Extraction in orthodontics]. PMID- 3483490 TI - [Periodontal pathology in hospitalized patients]. PMID- 3483491 TI - [Optical ultrastructural study of the gingival mastocyte population in chronic destructive periodontitis. II. Analysis of degranulation phenomena]. PMID- 3483493 TI - [Tooth arrangement in complete denture. Esthetic and functional consideration]. PMID- 3483492 TI - [Bacterial status of cavity preparations before placement of restorative material]. PMID- 3483494 TI - [Bite plane therapy for stomatognathic system dysfunction with predominantly muscular symptomatology]. PMID- 3483495 TI - [Frequency of immediate post-endodontic pain. Evaluation of factors]. PMID- 3483496 TI - [Selection of materials and technic for single restorations in relation to different dental parameters]. PMID- 3483497 TI - [Epidemiologic evaluation of plaque and gingivitis indices and the Alban test]. PMID- 3483498 TI - [Nutrition and mating in rats deprived of major salivary glands]. PMID- 3483499 TI - [Toxic effects of metals used in dentistry]. PMID- 3483500 TI - [Periodontopathies]. PMID- 3483501 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Its relation to health and dental personnel]. PMID- 3483502 TI - [Bite plane technic for the general dentist]. PMID- 3483503 TI - [Process of dentinal resorption]. PMID- 3483505 TI - [Classification of alveolar changes in patients with cleft lip and palate]. PMID- 3483504 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3483506 TI - [Some aspects of identification in dentistry]. PMID- 3483507 TI - [Carcinoma of the tongue]. PMID- 3483508 TI - [Lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity]. PMID- 3483509 TI - [AIDS and its relation to dental medicine]. PMID- 3483510 TI - [Dental medicine, stomatology and maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3483511 TI - [Interaction of fluoride and dental ceramics]. PMID- 3483513 TI - [Preliminary study of models]. PMID- 3483512 TI - [Preparation for surgical correction of a maxillofacial malformation]. PMID- 3483514 TI - [Continuing education in rehabilitation and maxillofacial prosthesis. Choice of treatment of open bite as a function of facial morphology]. PMID- 3483515 TI - [Continuing education in rehabilitation and maxillofacial prosthesis. Interalveolar osteotomies]. PMID- 3483516 TI - [Indications and technics for glossectomy]. PMID- 3483517 TI - [Surgery of the smile]. PMID- 3483518 TI - [White lesions of the mouth. (Socodente prize-1987)]. PMID- 3483519 TI - [Internal root resorption. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3483520 TI - [Anodontia]. PMID- 3483521 TI - [Fluoride, the "warhorse" of preventive dental medicine]. PMID- 3483522 TI - Evaluation of the effectiveness of a new system of dental education in Portugal. PMID- 3483523 TI - [Measure of maximum bite force in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3483524 TI - [Clinical-statistical study of dental agenesis in a group of 412 subjects]. PMID- 3483525 TI - [Inclination of upper molars in subjects with increased incisal overbite]. PMID- 3483526 TI - [A clinical case of posterior open bite]. PMID- 3483527 TI - [Possible use of hydroxyapatite in periodontal surgery]. PMID- 3483528 TI - [The use of T.P.C. fine granules in dentistry]. PMID- 3483529 TI - [Dental conditions and oral hygiene level of school age subjects in USSL N. 76]. PMID- 3483531 TI - [Electron and optic microscopic study of the smear layer]. PMID- 3483530 TI - [Canal treatment of permanent teeth with the lateral condensation technic: clinico-radiographic study after 4-5-6 years]. PMID- 3483532 TI - [Intraoral xeroradiography in the diagnosis of periodontal osseous defects]. PMID- 3483533 TI - [Surgery of the parotid: possibilities and limitations for facial conservation]. PMID- 3483534 TI - [Diagnostic problems in atypical fractures of the orbital-maxillo-zygomatic complex (O.M.Z.C.)]. PMID- 3483535 TI - [Epidemiological considerations in the etiopathogenesis of maxillofacial fractures]. PMID- 3483536 TI - [Orthopedic and surgical treatment of fractures of the mandible: indications, limits, technics]. PMID- 3483537 TI - [Test of wear resistance in composites for Class I and II and silver amalgam]. PMID- 3483538 TI - [Ossifying or cementifying fibroma of the jaws. Report and discussion of 6 clinical cases]. PMID- 3483539 TI - [Papilloma of the tongue in children. Clinical study]. PMID- 3483540 TI - [Radiopaque lesions]. PMID- 3483541 TI - [Double blind comparison of flurbiprofen and placebo in pre- and post-surgical treatment in dentistry]. PMID- 3483542 TI - [Viral hepatitis--epidemiological study on admissions over a 2 year period to the 1st Catania Dental Clinic]. PMID- 3483543 TI - [Modified technic for modelling of lingual arches]. PMID- 3483544 TI - [Measure of the AVB angle in Class III malocclusion]. PMID- 3483545 TI - [Prostaglandins of free-living amebas of the genus Acanthamoeba]. PMID- 3483546 TI - [Prosthetic concern in cleft-lip and palate surgery]. PMID- 3483547 TI - Vaccination against dental caries. PMID- 3483548 TI - Non caseating epithelioid granulomatous lesions of the oral mucosa. PMID- 3483549 TI - Metabolites of PGF2 alpha in blood plasma and urine as parameters of PGF2 alpha release in cattle. PMID- 3483551 TI - [Mineralization of bone and dentin: controlling factors]. PMID- 3483550 TI - [Sterilization methods in dental practice]. PMID- 3483552 TI - [Allergic mouth diseases. 1. Classification system]. PMID- 3483553 TI - [Congenital cysts and fistulas of the neck. 1. Classification system]. PMID- 3483554 TI - [Bleaching of the crown using "Endoperox"]. PMID- 3483555 TI - [Styloid-stylohyoid syndrome or Eagle's syndrome]. PMID- 3483556 TI - [Medial pits of the lower lip or Van Der Woude syndrome (Clinical considerations)]. PMID- 3483557 TI - [The use of antibiotics in dentistry. Update: antibiotics and the immunocompetence system]. PMID- 3483558 TI - [Acrocephalosyndactylia: Pfeiffer's syndrome]. PMID- 3483559 TI - [Lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3483560 TI - [Amelogenesis imperfecta and gingival hyperplasia from plaque. Apropos of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 3483561 TI - [Effect of periodontal treatment on tooth mobility]. PMID- 3483562 TI - [Physiopathology of dislocation of the mandibular condyle]. PMID- 3483563 TI - [Dental changes produced by tetracycline administration. Analysis of the condition in the Spanish population]. PMID- 3483564 TI - [Diagnosis of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483565 TI - [Concepts of the need for dental care]. PMID- 3483566 TI - [Treatment of the gnathic system]. PMID- 3483567 TI - [Tetracyclines, metronidazole and spiramycin in dentistry]. PMID- 3483568 TI - [Pathology of tooth eruption]. PMID- 3483569 TI - [Occlusion in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483570 TI - [Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of the upper jaw. Report of a case]. PMID- 3483571 TI - [Management of ketamine chlorhydrate in pediatric dentistry]. PMID- 3483572 TI - [Current concepts on prevention]. PMID- 3483573 TI - [Composite resin inlays: a new alternative]. PMID- 3483574 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy study and microanalysis of the action of various high concentration fluoride salts on human dentin]. PMID- 3483575 TI - [Pit and fissure sealants with occlusal opening. Evaluation of technics]. PMID- 3483576 TI - [Behavior of dentin adhesives derived from urethane isocyanate in marginal leakage of composite resin restorations]. PMID- 3483577 TI - [Eruption sequestra. An incidental finding]. PMID- 3483579 TI - [Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning in endodontics]. PMID- 3483578 TI - [Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3483580 TI - [Myxoma of the jaws]. PMID- 3483581 TI - [Modification of the Z-plasty technic for short lingual frenum]. PMID- 3483582 TI - [Cephalometric evaluation of patients with cleft lip and palate operated at different ages compared with normals]. PMID- 3483583 TI - [Hereditary fibrous dysplasia (cherubism): report of a case]. PMID- 3483584 TI - [Characteristics of the occlusion in the primary dentition of 100 Mexican preschool children]. PMID- 3483585 TI - [Ameloblastoma and its relation to dentigerous cyst]. PMID- 3483586 TI - [Recovery of unilateral space with springs and bonds. Report of a case]. PMID- 3483587 TI - [Dental radiation during pregnancy]. PMID- 3483588 TI - [Amelo-onycho-hypohidrotic syndrome with taurodontism. Report of a case]. PMID- 3483590 TI - [Dens invaginatus: clinical considerations and report of two cases]. PMID- 3483589 TI - [Clinical management of a dens in dente with partial agenesis of the crown]. PMID- 3483591 TI - [Classification of cusp types of permanent lower first molars in a Mexican population, according to evolutionary criteria]. PMID- 3483592 TI - [Comparison of the diagnosis of enamel dysplasias between the dentist in general practice and the pedodontist]. PMID- 3483593 TI - [Germination of mandibular premolars: report of two cases]. PMID- 3483594 TI - [Preventive resin restorations in children's dentistry]. PMID- 3483595 TI - [Study on the correlation of temporomandibular joint sounds with type of occlusion and oral habits]. PMID- 3483596 TI - [Pre, intra and postoperative management of patients with dentofacial deformities]. PMID- 3483598 TI - [Taurodontism in primary molars]. PMID- 3483597 TI - [Collateral effects of antimicrobials in pregnancy]. PMID- 3483599 TI - [Periodontal osseous lesions associated with proximal construction defects in different restorative methods. Prevalence and risk]. PMID- 3483600 TI - [Amalgam or alloy?]. PMID- 3483601 TI - [Lower premolars]. PMID- 3483602 TI - [The onlay restoration in amalgam]. PMID- 3483603 TI - [Choice of extractions and treatment planning. 2. Using the Tweed technic]. PMID- 3483604 TI - [Use of the microscope in periodontal diagnosis]. PMID- 3483606 TI - [Contact area]. PMID- 3483605 TI - [Periodontal preparation of the dental arch. Hints for preprosthetic orthodontics, surgical therapy and prosthetic technic. 1]. PMID- 3483607 TI - [Standards for electrical installations in areas using N2O sedation]. PMID- 3483609 TI - [Working vacation in Kenya]. PMID- 3483608 TI - [Occlusal determinants]. PMID- 3483610 TI - [Treatment plan for a Class 3]. PMID- 3483611 TI - [Extraction of root tips through the sinus]. PMID- 3483613 TI - [From an old villa, an office looking to the future]. PMID- 3483612 TI - [Occlusal morphology in the position of maximum intercuspidization]. PMID- 3483614 TI - [The importance of try-in]. PMID- 3483615 TI - [Rebasing of a complete removable denture]. PMID- 3483616 TI - [False impactions. Spontaneous eruption of an apparently retained premolar]. PMID- 3483617 TI - [Furcation lesions]. PMID- 3483618 TI - [Occlusal relations in excursive movements]. PMID- 3483619 TI - [The subepithelial connective free flap]. PMID- 3483620 TI - [Oral hygiene for the orthodontic patient]. PMID- 3483621 TI - [The pantograph as an imaging instrument]. PMID- 3483622 TI - [Possibilities and limits of conservative rehabilitation]. PMID- 3483624 TI - [Esthetic reconstruction of posterior quadrants]. PMID- 3483623 TI - [Bleaching on endodontically treated teeth]. PMID- 3483625 TI - [Conservative dentistry in the deciduous and mixed dentition]. PMID- 3483626 TI - [Granuloma of the pulp]. PMID- 3483627 TI - [Analysis of the sagittal plane]. PMID- 3483628 TI - [Trapped odontoma]. PMID- 3483629 TI - [Conservative reconstruction of traumatically exposed pulp]. PMID- 3483630 TI - [Surgical technics and orthodontics]. PMID- 3483631 TI - [Magnetized distalization]. PMID- 3483632 TI - [Conscious sedation]. PMID- 3483633 TI - [Esthetic remodelling of anteriors]. PMID- 3483634 TI - [Relations between orthodontics and conservative dentistry]. PMID- 3483635 TI - [Partial crowns]. PMID- 3483636 TI - [2 disciplines with a single purpose]. PMID- 3483637 TI - [Cephalometry in clinical daily practice (1)]. PMID- 3483638 TI - [Cephalometry in daily practice (2)]. PMID- 3483639 TI - [A complicated case of endodontics and conservative dentistry]. PMID- 3483640 TI - [Natural retention. Recovery of seriously damaged molars]. PMID- 3483641 TI - [Evaluation of the naso-labial angle]. PMID- 3483642 TI - [Bleaching and resotration of the anterior sector]. PMID- 3483643 TI - [Enamel pearls: a scanning electron microscopic study]. PMID- 3483644 TI - [Investigation of neutrophil leukocyte function in healthy and inflamed gingivae]. PMID- 3483645 TI - [Sterilization in dental practice]. PMID- 3483646 TI - [Clinical, histological and biochemical study of the mucosa during eruption]. PMID- 3483647 TI - [Comparative study of colony counts of specimens taken from partial dentures and fixed dentures]. PMID- 3483648 TI - [Caries incidence in patients with periodontal disease between age 30-45 and relationship between caries and flow rate, pH, Ca levels of parotid saliva]. PMID- 3483649 TI - [Relationship between pH, flow rate, total protein, chlorine, inorganic phosphate and bicarbonate levels of parotid saliva in patients with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3483650 TI - [Microbiological investigations of periodontosis lesions]. PMID- 3483651 TI - [Investigation of interrelationships between dental skeletal and facial morphology in individuals with normal occlusion]. PMID- 3483652 TI - [Investigation of Angle Class I malocclusion by Coben cephalometric analysis]. PMID- 3483653 TI - [Effect of ZnSO4 treatment neutrophil zinc levels and neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis]. PMID- 3483654 TI - [Investigation of the sterilization techniques of root canal gutta percha points]. PMID- 3483655 TI - [Temperature differences in the pulp chamber caused by the construction of temporary crowns]. PMID- 3483656 TI - [Endodontic-orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of the transverse oblique fractures of the crown with extension below the epithelial attachment]. PMID- 3483657 TI - [Cephalometric investigation of the effect of cervical headgear therapy on craniofacial structures and cervical column]. PMID- 3483658 TI - [Crown construction to fit clasp-bearing abutment teeth]. PMID- 3483659 TI - [Oral health of adults in rural areas]. PMID- 3483660 TI - [Comparative study of oral health at two different social and economic levels]. PMID- 3483661 TI - [Comparison of some properties of elastomeric impression materials]. PMID- 3483662 TI - [A clinical investigation on impacted canines]. PMID- 3483663 TI - [Effect of listerine on gingival health]. PMID- 3483664 TI - [Effects of shading and exposure time on the hardness of a light-cured composite resin]. PMID- 3483665 TI - [Clinical application of butyl-2-cyanoacrylate as a tissue adhesive in oral surgery]. PMID- 3483667 TI - [A new method of measuring the root canal length]. PMID- 3483666 TI - [Alternative method to the rubber dam]. PMID- 3483668 TI - [Ultrasonographic evaluation of postoperative edema in oral surgery]. PMID- 3483669 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the tissues that surround dental implants at different periods]. PMID- 3483670 TI - [Odontogenic myxoma]. PMID- 3483671 TI - [Habitual dislocation: a case report]. PMID- 3483673 TI - [Hemisection of a deciduous tooth (case presentation)]. PMID- 3483672 TI - [Lower first molar with three roots (a case report)]. PMID- 3483675 TI - [Temporomandibular joint imaging--diagnostic aids for temporomandibular joint disorders]. PMID- 3483674 TI - [Physiology of magnesium]. PMID- 3483677 TI - Fluoride levels in Zambia. PMID- 3483676 TI - [Orthodontic management and its implication for TMJ disorders]. PMID- 3483678 TI - Tanzania--DANIDA Health Programme. Progress in prevention. PMID- 3483679 TI - Caries incidence in the adult working population in Zambia. PMID- 3483680 TI - [Problem of time-dependent tissue reactions of the alveolar ridge to unsupported bounded saddle partial dentures]. PMID- 3483681 TI - [Allergenic potency of high nickel non-precious metal alloys: comparative epicutaneous tests with Wiron 88 and corresponding metallic salts]. PMID- 3483682 TI - [Bruxism: polygraphic leads during sleep at night]. PMID- 3483683 TI - [Mercury content of the pulp in unfilled and amalgam-filled teeth]. PMID- 3483684 TI - [Structural and ultimate elementary analytical studies on the interface between curing calcium hydroxide preparations and dentin]. PMID- 3483685 TI - [Effects of the high-frequency current used in electrosurgery on hard tooth substance and pulp]. PMID- 3483686 TI - [Examination with a cold-light diagnostic probe. An alternative to serial bitewing films?]. PMID- 3483687 TI - [Proximal root dentin caries--a second caries wave?]. PMID- 3483688 TI - [First clinical experience with a new cohesive gold condensing technique (a preliminary report)]. PMID- 3483689 TI - [Radiographic assessment of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3483690 TI - [Indications and conclusiveness of thin-section computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3483691 TI - [Morphology of bone tissue after avascular and reanastomosed transfer]. PMID- 3483693 TI - Dental and nutritional properties of snack foods and soft drinks. PMID- 3483692 TI - [Common properties and differences in the mechanism of action of glycoside hydrolases]. PMID- 3483694 TI - ["Good for teeth" Sweets and chocolates]. PMID- 3483695 TI - [Sweetener effects on oral bacteria and caries]. PMID- 3483696 TI - New experiments on Palatinose (Isomaltulose) as a sugar substitute. PMID- 3483697 TI - [Sugar substitutes--new substances]. PMID- 3483698 TI - Sugar substitutes and remineralization. PMID- 3483699 TI - The risk of adaptation of the oral microflora to Sorbitol. PMID- 3483700 TI - [Energy utilization of Palatinit]. PMID- 3483702 TI - [Dose dependence of the energy utilization of sugar substitutes]. PMID- 3483701 TI - Sugar substitutes and their energy value for the human body. PMID- 3483703 TI - [Epidemiology of caries in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 3483704 TI - [Etiology of caries with emphasis on the role of sugars]. PMID- 3483705 TI - [Sugar fermentation in the oral cavity]. PMID- 3483706 TI - [Caries prophylaxis--situation and tasks]. PMID- 3483707 TI - The microbiology of the oral cavity. Current research issues and future developments. PMID- 3483708 TI - [Microbiology of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3483709 TI - [Sugar substitutes in the cariogenesis animal model]. PMID- 3483710 TI - [Mechanisms of action of fluorides in caries prevention]. PMID- 3483711 TI - Epidemiology of caries--worldwide. PMID- 3483713 TI - [Remineralization--theory and methods]. PMID- 3483712 TI - [Fluorides from drinking water and food]. PMID- 3483714 TI - Remineralization from a clinical point of view. PMID- 3483715 TI - The effect of NaF on salivary gland function. PMID- 3483716 TI - [Plant lectins--occurrence, significance and application]. PMID- 3483718 TI - [Fear of the dentist. Results of a survey of adults]. PMID- 3483719 TI - [Studies on the cellular tolerance of posterior composites]. PMID- 3483717 TI - [Stereometrical assessment of the percentage of vessels in the pulp]. PMID- 3483720 TI - [Compliance of maxillofacial surgery outpatients]. PMID- 3483721 TI - [Experimental and clinical experience with the local anesthetic Ultracaine DS]. PMID- 3483723 TI - [Determination of sugar clearance and lactic acid in the saliva]. PMID- 3483722 TI - [Awareness and behavior of adolescents with respect to dental health]. PMID- 3483724 TI - [Reconstruction of body surfaces with the aid of transaxial computed tomographic scans]. PMID- 3483725 TI - [Dental development in Patau's syndrome--longitudinal study based on two cases]. PMID- 3483726 TI - [Proteoglycans in human gingival fibroblasts under the effect of estradiol and progesterone]. PMID- 3483727 TI - [Tooth structure-conserving preparation of Class V cavities]. PMID- 3483728 TI - [Periodontometry--a new method for the measurement and analysis of tooth mobility. 2. Reproducibility of the method and physiological effects on the readings]. PMID- 3483729 TI - [Electron microscopic study on the structure of the smear layer]. PMID- 3483730 TI - [Orthograde root canal seal with zirconium oxide ceramic cones]. PMID- 3483731 TI - [On the kinematics of implants and natural teeth]. PMID- 3483732 TI - [Subcutaneous emphysema due to spontaneous pneumothorax during dental treatment. A case report]. PMID- 3483733 TI - [Caries incidence and caries progression from 1968 to 1972 and 1980 to 1984 in the canton of Zurich. Radiographic study of first molars in 10- to 14-year-old pupils]. PMID- 3483734 TI - [Fluorescent staining methods for measurement of the surface, relative quantity, and mean thickness of plaque]. PMID- 3483735 TI - [Changes of gingival attachment in adolescents]. PMID- 3483737 TI - [Tunnel preparation technique]. PMID- 3483736 TI - [Effect of fluoride on energy turnover of S. mutans]. PMID- 3483738 TI - [Wear of diamond burs and TC finishing instruments]. PMID- 3483739 TI - [Effects of different instruments on the quality of proximal amalgam margins]. PMID- 3483740 TI - [Cavity varnishes, liners and cements--claims and reality]. PMID- 3483741 TI - [Solubility, release of OH ions and mechanical strength of acrylic and calcium hydroxide based pulp protection materials]. PMID- 3483742 TI - [Strength of glass polyalkenoate cements in relation to shrinking of composite resins during polymerization]. PMID- 3483743 TI - [Dentin protecting dressings and their tightness]. PMID- 3483744 TI - [Effect of glass ionomer cements and dentin adhesives on the marginal seal of cervical composite fillings]. PMID- 3483745 TI - [Dental health in 8- to 9-year-old children after seven years of professional dental care]. PMID- 3483746 TI - [Decomposition of honey by microorganisms of the oral cavity in humans]. PMID- 3483747 TI - [Bonwill clasp and its modifications for retaining distal extension partial dentures]. PMID- 3483748 TI - [Electroplated crown sleeves]. PMID- 3483749 TI - [Radectomized abutment teeth in removable and fixed prosthodontics. A long-term study]. PMID- 3483750 TI - [The application of the Eichner group classification of partially edentulous arches for studies on morbidity statistics]. PMID- 3483751 TI - [Antimicrobial properties of a zinc oxyphosphate cement and a glass ionomer cement with and without silver additives]. PMID- 3483752 TI - [Solubility behavior of several pulp protection materials]. PMID- 3483753 TI - [Influence of elongation treatment on apices of impacted upper canines]. PMID- 3483754 TI - [Influence of toothbrushing on cariogenic colonies on the tooth surface. A comparison between habitual and professional tooth cleansing]. PMID- 3483755 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies on nerve fibers in the pulp and dentin of human teeth]. PMID- 3483756 TI - [Surface roughness and gingival margin seal of proximal fillings with amalgam and posterior composite filling materials]. PMID- 3483757 TI - [The attachments of the lateral pterygoid muscle to the TMJ in humans. A histological study]. PMID- 3483758 TI - [Problems in interpreting functional mandibular movements. I: The effects of multifactorial influences on the interpretability of recordings of masticatory movements]. PMID- 3483759 TI - [Dimensional stability of low precious metal alloys for porcelain bonding compared with a high gold alloy]. PMID- 3483760 TI - [A method of detaching the tongue following tumor resection]. PMID- 3483762 TI - [Temporomandibular joint in rheumatics--a CT study]. PMID- 3483761 TI - [Significance of teeth for estimating the age of foundlings]. PMID- 3483763 TI - [Comparative clinical studies on the cleansing effect of a traditional toothpaste and a tooth gel]. PMID- 3483764 TI - [Can amino acids inhibit acid formation in Streptococcus mutans?]. PMID- 3483765 TI - [Effects of amalgam on sensory spinal ganglion cells]. PMID- 3483766 TI - [Granular hydroxyapatite for the augmentation of atrophic alveolar ridges]. PMID- 3483767 TI - [Adhesion of root canal sealers with and without smear layer]. PMID- 3483768 TI - [Root canal length]. PMID- 3483770 TI - [New findings in the field of electrosurgery for tumor resection]. PMID- 3483769 TI - [Functional disorders of neutrophils in Crohn's disease of the mouth and intestine]. PMID- 3483771 TI - [Mercury vapor measurements during storage of amalgam samples in different liquids]. PMID- 3483773 TI - [Terminology of intracapsular dysfunctions of the TMJ]. PMID- 3483772 TI - [Bacteriological studies on the disinfecting effect of chlorhexidine as an irrigant in root canal treatment]. PMID- 3483774 TI - [Torsional strength of root canal reamers]. PMID- 3483775 TI - [Comparative studies on dentin abrasion and the appearance of dentin surface following treatment with machine-driven root canal preparation systems]. PMID- 3483776 TI - [Testing of endodontic instrument gauges]. PMID- 3483777 TI - [Electrical stimulation of the Gasserian ganglion in patients with atypical facial pain. Clinical results and experimental verification using electrical pulp stimulation]. PMID- 3483778 TI - [Dental film with intensifying screen]. PMID- 3483779 TI - [Periodontometry--a new method for measurement and analysis of tooth mobility. I. Measuring principle and set-up]. PMID- 3483780 TI - [Effect of instant cleansing tablets on corrosion of removable dentures]. PMID- 3483781 TI - [Comparison of orthopantomographs and dental films in the diagnosis of interdental caries and apical osteitis]. PMID- 3483782 TI - [Effectiveness of a 5% KNO3 toothpaste on dentin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3483783 TI - [Dimensions of the dentogingival junction depending on the histological degree of inflammation. A histologic-morphometric study of undecalcified ground sections]. PMID- 3483784 TI - [The cariogenicity of carbohydrate and xylitol mixtures in conventional and gnotobiological animal experiments]. PMID- 3483785 TI - [Immunological processes in apical granulation tissue. 3. Nonspecific immunity. Immunohistological representation of mononuclear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes]. PMID- 3483786 TI - [Animal experiments and clinical experience with an intraosseous anesthesia]. PMID- 3483787 TI - [Fatal prognosis for patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3483788 TI - [AIDS and lesions of the oral cavity. Etiological, epidemiological, clinical and preventive aspects of HIV infection. 1]. PMID- 3483789 TI - [Operational problems in decontamination of the dental office. 2]. PMID- 3483790 TI - [Neoplasms: adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary glands]. PMID- 3483791 TI - [Regulation of electrical installations]. PMID- 3483792 TI - [AIDS and lesions of the oral cavity. Etiological, epidemiological, clinical and preventive aspects of HIV infection. 2]. PMID- 3483793 TI - [Anomalies of the dentition: hyperdontia]. PMID- 3483794 TI - [Orthodontics: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations in a class II division 1]. PMID- 3483795 TI - [Epidemiology: incidence of carious pathology in a group of military recruits]. PMID- 3483796 TI - [Hemophilia and AIDS]. PMID- 3483797 TI - [Tooth transplantation: histological and immunological principles, clinical considerations]. PMID- 3483798 TI - [Operational problems in decontamination of the dental office. 3. Treatment of surfaces, waste and small instruments during routine operative procedures]. PMID- 3483799 TI - [Microbial adhesivity of 2 different resins for denture bases]. PMID- 3483800 TI - [Direct inlays and onlays in composite material]. PMID- 3483801 TI - [Neoplasms: monomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands]. PMID- 3483802 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia from nifedipine]. PMID- 3483803 TI - [Biocompatibility of new porcelains in dentistry]. PMID- 3483804 TI - [Appearance and reproduction of tooth color]. PMID- 3483806 TI - [A rare case of retention of 2nd lower molars]. PMID- 3483805 TI - [Relative epidemiological aspects of dental agenesis]. PMID- 3483807 TI - [Clinical outcome of free gingival grafts]. PMID- 3483808 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of the teeth and oral mucosa. 1]. PMID- 3483810 TI - [Oral surgery: excision of epulis]. PMID- 3483809 TI - [The use of mepivacaine and lidocaine]. PMID- 3483811 TI - [Neoplasms: ameloblastic fibroma of the upper jaw]. PMID- 3483812 TI - [Nitrous oxide: objective and subjective symptomatology]. PMID- 3483813 TI - [Installation of electrical systems]. PMID- 3483815 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of the teeth and oral mucosa. 2]. PMID- 3483817 TI - [Dental implants. Indications and contraindications]. PMID- 3483816 TI - [Endodontic therapy in curved canals]. PMID- 3483814 TI - [Report of the Regional Committee for Europe of W.H.O. on AIDS in Europe]. PMID- 3483818 TI - [Fibrous gingival hyperplasia: report of a case]. PMID- 3483819 TI - [Ectopic dental impaction. Review of a case]. PMID- 3483820 TI - [Follow-up of 2 cases of untreated cherubism]. PMID- 3483821 TI - [Research in animal study models]. PMID- 3483823 TI - [Patient wish: long lasting tooth replacement. Bridge restoration with wide implications]. PMID- 3483822 TI - [Silanization of mineral teeth. Good bonding of three components]. PMID- 3483824 TI - [Dental alloys in test of durability in corrosive solutions]. PMID- 3483825 TI - [Biomechanically active orthodontic appliance. Wire elasticity is important]. PMID- 3483826 TI - [Complete denture. Assessment criteria of a master school]. PMID- 3483827 TI - [Pure titanium. An alternative material for prosthetics?]. PMID- 3483828 TI - [Ceramic inlays made with tested materials]. PMID- 3483829 TI - [Copper-free, precious metal cast alloys. Arrangement against discoloration in the mouth]. PMID- 3483830 TI - [Teko System. No solder--no adhesive bonding]. PMID- 3483831 TI - [Acrymat. PMMA resin from spray nozzle]. PMID- 3483832 TI - [Backward look and analysis. Competition looked at under the jeweler's loop]. PMID- 3483833 TI - [1. Logic of biomechanical occlusion. Biomechanical waxing technic]. PMID- 3483834 TI - [Nature as a pattern. Way to standardized occlusal surfaces]. PMID- 3483835 TI - [Optec H.S.P. System. Biocompatible--fair to practice--natural]. PMID- 3483837 TI - [PMMA based materials in relation to isolation]. PMID- 3483836 TI - [Problems of everyday. Ideas of metal-ceramic]. PMID- 3483838 TI - [Crown with light window. Concept fighting notorious lack of space]. PMID- 3483840 TI - [Restoration of a youthful occlusion]. PMID- 3483839 TI - [Economical spark erosion. Two attachments in one work procedure]. PMID- 3483841 TI - [Construction stump-model preparation with light-curing modelling fluid]. PMID- 3483843 TI - [Pin drill. Simple sinking of dowel pin heads]. PMID- 3483842 TI - [GC-pattern resin. Variable modelling synthetic resin]. PMID- 3483844 TI - [Sandpaper replaces the drill. Simplified preparation of primary parts]. PMID- 3483845 TI - [Increased quality of metal-ceramic. Two phases after main firing]. PMID- 3483846 TI - [Use of dental alloys. Results of a laboratory inquiry]. PMID- 3483847 TI - [Oblique or straight? Articulator mounting using Hovesa System]. PMID- 3483848 TI - [SR-Ivocap polymerization procedure. Study of occlusal accuracy]. PMID- 3483849 TI - [Wax modelling of fixed partial dentures]. PMID- 3483850 TI - [A comparison of three methods of toothbrushing: roll, modified Bass and scrub technique]. PMID- 3483851 TI - [A Comparison of dental caries and oral hygiene among teachers; 2 groups in the Bangkok metropolitan area]. PMID- 3483852 TI - [Compound odontoma; report of 2 cases]. PMID- 3483853 TI - Orthodontic problems in a group of Chonburi children. PMID- 3483854 TI - [Peripheral ameloblastoma: report of a case]. PMID- 3483856 TI - [Oral health status, Thailand, 1984]. PMID- 3483857 TI - [The testing of crude extracts of Streblus asper (Koi) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius]. PMID- 3483855 TI - [The mandibular block by direct technique]. PMID- 3483859 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria from exudate in the root canal of acute dento alveolar abscess patients]. PMID- 3483860 TI - [The loss of deciduous teeth in children]. PMID- 3483858 TI - [Diabetes mellitus with fullmouth tooth extraction in Satul Hospital: report of a case]. PMID- 3483862 TI - [Cosmetic restoration with light cure composite resins: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3483861 TI - [A comparative study of open-ended and pointed cone radiographs]. PMID- 3483863 TI - [Malignant schwannoma: report of a case at the anterior region of the mandible]. PMID- 3483865 TI - Scanning electron microscopy observations of the oral lichen planus. PMID- 3483864 TI - Dietary fluoride intake of 4-6 month old infants in Bangkok. PMID- 3483866 TI - Are you a hardy dentist? The relationship between personality and stress. PMID- 3483867 TI - Dental burnout. PMID- 3483868 TI - Precision communication in dentistry. PMID- 3483869 TI - Valuation of a dental practice: what is the office worth to you? PMID- 3483870 TI - Group dental practice in Canada--a growing trend! PMID- 3483871 TI - CAD/CAM revolution. PMID- 3483872 TI - The identifying bubble on dental x-ray film. PMID- 3483873 TI - Dental education. PMID- 3483874 TI - Personnel management for dentists. PMID- 3483875 TI - Assembling the staff. PMID- 3483876 TI - Attitudes of dental practitioners toward practice management instruction in dental school: a preliminary study of dentists in Kentucky. PMID- 3483877 TI - When patients "open wide", are you listening? PMID- 3483878 TI - Dot on dental duplicating film not reliable to determine left or right. PMID- 3483879 TI - Legal right of employers to terminate without cause. PMID- 3483880 TI - Getting it off your chest. The malpractice dilemma. PMID- 3483882 TI - A clinical-immunological evaluation of AIDS cases and related syndromes. AB - The clinical features of our cases demonstrated some of the already known characteristics of the variable spectrum of HIV infection. DA are the most important risk category in Italy. 10% of the ARC cases evolved into AIDS during a 12-month follow-up, on average. The most frequent OI in our AIDS cases were PCP, C. albicans esophagitis and chronic mucocutaneous ulcers. An high percentage of neurologic involvement from HIV was observed, and malignancies were encountered in AIDS (3 KS and 1 undifferentiated B lymphoma) as well as in ARC (1 Hodgkin's lymphoma). Statistically, significant worsening of the immunologic situation is evident as the disease progresses from LAS to AIDS. Activated B lymphocytes represent most of the cells of the germinal center during the hyperplastic stage of lymphadenopathy. Reversal of the T4/T8 ratio appears early during the initial stage of lymphadenopathy and is due to a decrease of CD4 and a relative increase of CD8. Also, destruction of the follicular dendritic cells is an early feature which becomes more evident as the disease advances and the lymph node evolves toward progressive involution. Activated B-lymphocyte augmentation with polyclonal Ig secretion appears to be related to T-independent B stimulation by coinfection such as CMV, EBV and HBV. The increase of cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes seems to be partly related to the excessive activation of B lymphocytes and partially directed to the cells infected by HIV or coated with its proteins (6,7,8,9). The destruction of follicular dendritic cells has been interpreted not only as a killer effect of the virus but also as a result of the intervention of CTL sensitized to the cells containing the virus (10,11). Their destruction may contribute to the impaired recognition of soluble antigen which is one of the main features of the immune deficiency of HIV infection (9,13,16). PMID- 3483881 TI - Presence of HTLV-III in tears and cells from the eyes of AIDS patients. AB - Tears, conjunctival epithelium, and corneoscleral tissue from AIDS patients were used for the isolation of HTLV-III and also for identifying cell types which support its replication. HTLV-III was isolated from tears of AIDS patients (66.6%) by cultivation of cells and fluid from patients' eyes with fresh human mononuclear cells. The cells from the conjunctival scrapings of these patients (33.3%) revealed HTLV-III antigens by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using anti P24 and P15 monoclonal antibodies. HTLV-III from the cell-free supernatant of the infected mononuclear cells from two patients' cocultures were further transmitted into fresh cells. The cells from right and left central cornea, as well as limbal cornea from an asymptomatic HTLV-III antibody-positive individual and one AIDS patient revealed HTLV-III upon cocultivation. HTLV-III P15 and P24 antigens were detected in cultured primary cornea epithelial cells. The tears and conjunctival cells from a control group were found to be free of HTLV-III. Although no documented cases of AIDS have been reported in corneal transplant recipients, serologic screening of donors prior to the use of the tissues for transplantation is advisable. Our data also raises important questions regarding possible transmission of virus during ophthalmologic examination by way of examiner's hands, through instruments and during contact lens fittings. Moreover, these findings indicate the need for testing various eye disinfectants for virus inactivation and/or inhibition. PMID- 3483883 TI - Treatment with D-thyroxine of patients with glycogen storage diseases type VI and VIa. PMID- 3483884 TI - [Complex systemic processes and psychogenic eating disorders]. PMID- 3483885 TI - The polypeptide P16 is a carboxy-terminal cleavage product of rat growth hormone in anterior pituitary and GH3 pituitary tumor cells. AB - P16 is a small polypeptide originally found in GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells whose expression is tightly linked to the expression of rat GH (rGH) at a genetic level. It is estimated to be 3-5 kilodaltons smaller than rGH and exhibits the same complex response to T3, dexamethasone, and insulin in GH3 cells as does rGH. P16 was also found in high but variable abundance in anterior but not posterior pituitary. To approach the question of whether it arises from a unique gene or derives instead from the rGH gene by a posttranscriptional mechanism, we have measured its structural relatedness to rGH by peptide mapping techniques. From partial peptide maps of rGH and P16 by V8 protease, it appeared that the two proteins were related by loss of a common, small peptide. Both proteins also contained many tryptic peptides in common. Cleavage by N-chlorosuccinimide at tryptophan residues showed that rGH and P16 both contained the same N-terminal peptide but differed in their C-termini. Hence, P16 differs from rGH by loss of an amino acid segment somewhere in the C-terminus. Charge calibration of two dimensional gels indicated that P16 was more acidic than rGH by at least five negative charges. These observations taken together imply that rGH gives rise to P16 by a highly specific cleavage in the C-terminus mostly likely between residues 152 and 156. This region also harbors an alanine-leucine at which pro rGH is cleaved to remove the 26 amino acid signal peptide. PMID- 3483886 TI - [Bioavailability of adenylic and pyridinic compounds in normal human gingiva]. PMID- 3483887 TI - [AIDS and lesions of the oral cavity: new findings]. PMID- 3483888 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia from Nifedipine: predisposing factors]. PMID- 3483889 TI - [Analysis of A and B antigens in dental tissue (method: absorption-elution)]. PMID- 3483890 TI - [Evaluation of the DMF index in an adult diabetic population]. PMID- 3483891 TI - [Evaluation of dento-periodontal status and use of the CPITN in a 3- to 12-year old population]. PMID- 3483892 TI - [Comparative CT-MR evaluation in the study of the pterygo-maxillary fossa in relation to clinical and surgical problems of the region]. PMID- 3483893 TI - [Gingival overgrowth from Nifedipine. Histochemical and ultrastructural study of 4 cases]. PMID- 3483894 TI - [Microbiological characteristics of the Lactobacillus genus in the development of the carious lesion]. PMID- 3483895 TI - [Healing capacity of the mandibular canal: report of 71 angular fractures]. PMID- 3483896 TI - [Histiocytosis-X: report of a case localized to the palate in a subject with Hand Schuller-Christian disease]. PMID- 3483897 TI - [General report on diagnosis and prevention of AIDS]. PMID- 3483898 TI - [Statistical cephalometric analysis of a group of children in Northern Italy]. PMID- 3483899 TI - [Evaluation of skeletal base classes and antero-posterior position of the maxilla with the application of various cephalometric methods]. PMID- 3483901 TI - [Electromyographic stimulation in orthodontic patients. Analysis of silent period induced by dental pulp stimulation]. PMID- 3483900 TI - [Osteosynthesis of sagittal osteotomy of the mandible (cephalometric evaluation of a new technic)]. PMID- 3483902 TI - [Professional responsibility in orthodontics: medico-legal considerations]. PMID- 3483903 TI - [Class III malocclusion: long-term study of 21 patients after orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3483904 TI - [Clinical approach to Class II malocclusion with open-bite]. PMID- 3483905 TI - [Clinical evaluation of some relationships between orthodontic wires and bracket]. PMID- 3483906 TI - [Retention and relapse: current considerations]. PMID- 3483907 TI - [The kinesiograph: a valid instrument for gnathology]. PMID- 3483908 TI - [Rhinomanometric evaluation and orthognathodontic diagnostic-therapeutic significance. 1]. PMID- 3483909 TI - [Clinical considerations on the cephalometric methods of Steiner, Cervera, Sassouni and Jacobson]. PMID- 3483910 TI - [Associated ipsilateral fractures of the mandible and zygomatic-maxillary complex: clinico-statistical observations]. PMID- 3483911 TI - [Rhinomanometric evaluation and orthognathodontic diagnostic-therapeutic significance. 2]. PMID- 3483913 TI - [Treatment of an impacted canine: tunnel technic]. PMID- 3483912 TI - [Orthodontic problems in treatment of Class II division 2 dento-skeletal malformations]. PMID- 3483914 TI - [Clinical importance of electromyographic analysis in lateral deviation of the mandible]. PMID- 3483916 TI - [The theory of the "esthetic triangle"]. PMID- 3483915 TI - [Orthodontic treatment planning in three dimensions]. PMID- 3483917 TI - [Prediction of lower third molar eruption: verification of cephalometric methods]. PMID- 3483918 TI - [Bilateral cleft lip and palate, surgical repositioning of the premaxilla: comparative study]. PMID- 3483919 TI - [Analysis of growth to determine craniofacial dimensions in the mixed dentition]. PMID- 3483920 TI - [Biomechanical basis of orthodontic treatment]. PMID- 3483921 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of dysfunctional pathology of the TMJ in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 3483923 TI - [Changes induced by orthodontic treatment with extraction: cephalometric study]. PMID- 3483922 TI - [Pain-dysfunction syndrome of the TMJ and craniofacial skeletal structures]. PMID- 3483924 TI - [The palatal crib in therapy of malocclusion from bad habits]. PMID- 3483925 TI - [Cephalometry and advanced gnathology: clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 3483926 TI - [Two-dimensional wire-technic]. PMID- 3483927 TI - [NiTi alloys in orthodontics]. PMID- 3483928 TI - [Kinesiographically programmed VDO surgery: construction sequence]. PMID- 3483929 TI - [Transverse and sagittal asymmetry of the upper arch]. PMID- 3483930 TI - [Lasertherapy in dentistry]. PMID- 3483931 TI - [School level programming in oro-dental prevention]. PMID- 3483932 TI - [Morphological and biochemical studies of the effect of the peat-derived preparation PF-290/II/2 on the development of natural lymphatic leukemia in mice]. AB - AKR mice highly susceptible to leukemia were fed orally for 9 months every days with a water solution of peat-liking preparation PF-290/II/2 at a dose 0.2 cm3 (70 g/cm3 water). After bleeding body and internal organs weight were measured and their ratio were calculated. Anatomo-pathological lesions, histopathological and ultrastructural examinations with the use of transmission and scanning microscope, serum cobalt-activated acylase (AA-Co) activity and urine arylsulphatase (ASA) activity were performed. It was found used preparation had some anti-tumors effect of mice with lymphatic leukemia. Serum cobalt-activated acylase and urine arylsulphatase of AKR mice for observation on disease development and dynamics of this process. In the ultrastructural picture changes of lymphatic cells after outside removal of degradated complexes of intracell membranes was observed. PMID- 3483933 TI - [Reparative giant cell granuloma as a manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism in jaw area]. PMID- 3483934 TI - [Radiopacity of glass-ionomer cements as lining and construction filling material -possibilities, limits and dangers]. PMID- 3483935 TI - [First clinical experience with the Dicor-glass ceramic crown]. PMID- 3483936 TI - [Clinical example of porous hydroxyapatite ceramic in setting of systematic periodontal treatment (II)]. PMID- 3483937 TI - [New lift technic for extraoral macrophotography]. PMID- 3483938 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3483939 TI - [Hand instruments, instrument grip and hand joint]. PMID- 3483940 TI - [Influence of steroid hormones on DNA-synthesis in human gingiva and skin fibroblasts]. PMID- 3483941 TI - [Possibilities and limits of intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA)]. PMID- 3483942 TI - [Modified rubber dam technic (III)]. PMID- 3483943 TI - [Proof of HIV infection]. PMID- 3483944 TI - [Indications for endodontic implants]. PMID- 3483945 TI - [Clinical example of porous hydroxyapatite ceramic in setting of systematic periodontal treatment (III)]. PMID- 3483946 TI - [Quality of products of three panoramic units in clinic and practice]. PMID- 3483947 TI - [Lymphangioma circumscription of the tongue in a black African]. PMID- 3483948 TI - [Disease progress of HIV infection]. PMID- 3483949 TI - [Intraalveolar transplantation of single roots]. PMID- 3483951 TI - [Electronic endometry instead of radiographic measurement? Comparative study of Exact-a-pex and Digident apparatus]. PMID- 3483952 TI - [Overdentures on endodontically and periodontally treated roots]. PMID- 3483950 TI - [Results of endosseous implantation with Linkow implants]. PMID- 3483953 TI - [Gingival surgery methods of conservation or prosthetic concerns of deep proximal caries damaged teeth]. PMID- 3483954 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3483955 TI - [Optical vision aids for dentists]. PMID- 3483957 TI - [Introduction to endodontics: hand instrumentation (I)]. PMID- 3483956 TI - [Toothbrush handle--requirements and acceptance]. PMID- 3483958 TI - [AIDS: manifestations of the final stages]. PMID- 3483959 TI - [Operative advances and clinical procedures for implantation of "Interpore 200" hydroxyapatite materials in bone defects]. PMID- 3483960 TI - ["Olympus medical macro" test in dental practice]. PMID- 3483961 TI - [Prevention of errors by structuring the treatment plan]. PMID- 3483962 TI - [Clinical and experimental animal studies on the autotransplantation of tooth germs (IV)]. PMID- 3483964 TI - [Amalgam/mercury]. PMID- 3483963 TI - [Question of rational pharmaco-therapy of pain in dentistry with non-narcotic analgesics]. PMID- 3483965 TI - [Ceramic anchor implants as a bridge-end abutment (Brinkmann's Class II)--report of 10 years' experience in clinical use (II)]. PMID- 3483966 TI - [Modified plastic splints after traumatic tooth injury]. PMID- 3483967 TI - [Fragment replantation with transdental fixation]. PMID- 3483968 TI - [Three-layer light hardening procedure with traditional composites for Black Class II restorations]. PMID- 3483969 TI - [New judgement of dental plaque swabs using light microscopy as a diagnostic aid in patients with periodontal disease]. PMID- 3483970 TI - [Analysis of a consultation on computer practices in Nordrhein]. PMID- 3483971 TI - [Antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide in relation to age of preparation]. PMID- 3483972 TI - [Enter the rubber dam technic: endodontic rubber dam technic]. PMID- 3483973 TI - [Dentistry in Brazil]. PMID- 3483974 TI - [New information on AIDS for the dentist. Quantification of infection risk of HIV for the dentist]. PMID- 3483975 TI - [Intraligamentary anesthesia with pressure limited syringe]. PMID- 3483976 TI - [Fluoridation of enamel using composite resin]. PMID- 3483977 TI - [Temporary concerns of polished tooth crowns--rational and exact method of placing a provisional crown (I)]. PMID- 3483978 TI - [Totalometer--a multi-sided measuring apparatus for a complete denture]. PMID- 3483979 TI - [Small corrective measures for improving esthetics in periodontally damaged occlusion after completed restoration]. PMID- 3483980 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3483981 TI - [Information handling technics today, tomorrow and the day after--for the dentist too? (I)]. PMID- 3483982 TI - [Elastic reserve properties of impression materials]. PMID- 3483983 TI - [Permeability investigation of tooth root hard substance using solution of gas forming radionuclide content. (I). 1. Clinical study with Na131I-solution]. PMID- 3483984 TI - [Modified rubber dam technic (I)]. PMID- 3483985 TI - [Three names--one virus: HTLV-III/LAV/HIV]. PMID- 3483986 TI - [Periodontal findings in a tumor patient receiving chemotherapy]. PMID- 3483987 TI - [Longevity of Hi-Ceram full ceramic bridges]. PMID- 3483990 TI - [Possibilities with intra- and extraoral photography]. PMID- 3483989 TI - [Clinical example of porous hydroxyapatite ceramic in setting of systematic periodontal treatment (I)]. PMID- 3483988 TI - [Temporary concerns of polished tooth crowns--rational and exact method of placing a provisional crown (II)]. PMID- 3483991 TI - [Interpretation of radiographs]. PMID- 3483992 TI - [Information handling technics today, tomorrow and the day after--for the dentist too? (II)]. PMID- 3483993 TI - [Permeability investigation of tooth root hard substance using gas forming radionuclide content. (II) 2. In-vitro study with radioactive chlorine gas]. PMID- 3483994 TI - [Modified rubber dam technic (II)]. PMID- 3483995 TI - [HIV epidemiology]. PMID- 3483997 TI - [Toothbrush handle]. PMID- 3483996 TI - [Introduction to dental implantation (I)]. PMID- 3483998 TI - [Children's hour. Child care in dental office by dental assistant (II)]. PMID- 3483999 TI - [Latex gloves. Raw materials, history, preparation, incompatibilities]. PMID- 3484000 TI - [Wound healing and wound care in dental practice from viewpoint of dental team]. PMID- 3484001 TI - [What the dental assistant should know about successful treatment of aphthae. Introduction]. PMID- 3484002 TI - [Introduction to dental implantation (II)]. PMID- 3484003 TI - [Thoughts of a dental assistant on prevention]. PMID- 3484004 TI - [Aids for a systematic method of reminders for the dental team (I)]. PMID- 3484005 TI - [Children's hour. Child care in dental office by dental assistant (III)]. PMID- 3484006 TI - [Actual information: Tenside in toothpaste]. PMID- 3484007 TI - [Lighting concerns--lighting the conference room]. PMID- 3484008 TI - [Oral cavity changes with acquired immune deficiency disease (AIDS)--what should the dental assistant know?]. PMID- 3484009 TI - [AIDS--an occupational disease?]. PMID- 3484010 TI - [Prevention in the dental office]. PMID- 3484011 TI - [Aids for a systematic method for reminders of the dental team (II)]. PMID- 3484012 TI - [Suction apparatus--a hygiene problem?]. PMID- 3484013 TI - [Inhalation and aerosol therapy]. PMID- 3484014 TI - [Prescription blanks. Common and legal bases for preparation of the prescription by the assistant]. PMID- 3484015 TI - [Help for test preparation-control questions on microbiology]. PMID- 3484016 TI - [Dental assistant and her activity in the kindergarten]. PMID- 3484017 TI - [Electronic data processing in dental practice. Perhaps it can also be used in practice management? III]. PMID- 3484019 TI - [Basic principles of prosthetics. Prosthetic aids (VI)]. PMID- 3484018 TI - [Disinfection and sterilization in our office]. PMID- 3484020 TI - [Help for test preparation. Control questions on tooth retention and tooth replacement]. PMID- 3484021 TI - [Examination anxiety?]. PMID- 3484022 TI - [Prevention opportunities in dental practice]. PMID- 3484023 TI - [Electronic data processing in the dental office. Perhaps also for practice management? (IV)]. PMID- 3484024 TI - [How often do we touch blood and saliva? Interesting results of an office study]. PMID- 3484025 TI - [Toothworms and tooth myths]. PMID- 3484026 TI - [Basic principles of prosthetics. Prosthetic aids (VII)]. PMID- 3484027 TI - [Control interval]. PMID- 3484028 TI - [Electronic data processing in the dental office. Perhaps also for practice management? (V)]. PMID- 3484029 TI - [Use of one-time hand towels]. PMID- 3484030 TI - [New aids for modern endodontics]. PMID- 3484032 TI - [Old age pension for dental assistants]. PMID- 3484031 TI - [Saliva and its function in the mouth]. PMID- 3484033 TI - [My way to dental assistant--what my profession means to me]. PMID- 3484034 TI - [Significance of prevention in dental practice]. PMID- 3484035 TI - [Electronic data processing in the dental office. Perhaps also practice management? (VI)]. PMID- 3484036 TI - [Steam disinfection--procedure for hygiene care of dental hand- and angle pieces such as turbines]. PMID- 3484038 TI - [School for dental business assistants--a view of the description of sections]. PMID- 3484037 TI - [Basic principles of prosthetics. Prosthetic aids (IX)]. PMID- 3484039 TI - [State-of-the-art of sealants]. PMID- 3484040 TI - [Children's hour. Child care in dental office by dental assistant (I)]. PMID- 3484041 TI - [Mercury--treacherous metal]. PMID- 3484042 TI - [Clear as glass SR-Ivocap denture bases--a clinical judgement]. PMID- 3484043 TI - [The Kuwata ceramic veneers for posterior teeth (III)]. PMID- 3484045 TI - [Rational electronic data processing organization in industrial dental laboratory]. PMID- 3484044 TI - [Dentistry by computer: reality or future vision?]. PMID- 3484046 TI - [Control of dental plaque. Effect of guided brushing, stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine on formation of bacterial plaque]. PMID- 3484048 TI - [Monitoring of radiation in dentistry received by dental students at the President Prudente Dental School]. PMID- 3484047 TI - [Silver diamine fluoride. Pulp response to application of a 10% solution to dentin]. PMID- 3484049 TI - [Control of interproximal plaque with dental floss]. PMID- 3484050 TI - [Teaching-assisted integration. Analysis of results of a program]. PMID- 3484051 TI - [Correction of deep bite. Clinical and biomechanical considerations]. PMID- 3484052 TI - [Ultrasound in endodontics. Advantages and disadvantages]. PMID- 3484053 TI - [Corrosion resistance of copper-aluminum alloys. Study with apparent reflectance and microscopic evaluation. II--Effect of alloys, polishing agents and time]. PMID- 3484054 TI - [Cervical abrasion/erosion]. PMID- 3484055 TI - [Composite resins. Surface finishing X dye penetration]. PMID- 3484056 TI - [Treatment of retained canines by apicotomy]. PMID- 3484058 TI - [Biological basis for the treatment of furcation involvement]. PMID- 3484059 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of dental plaque by chemical methods]. PMID- 3484057 TI - [Prevention of postoperative pain in oromaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3484060 TI - ["Amalgapin": a new alternative in execution of complex restorations in amalgam]. PMID- 3484061 TI - [Dentinal infiltration of cavity preparations. Effect of topical application of fluoride solutions on dentin permeability]. PMID- 3484062 TI - [Remineralization of incipient caries. Clinical evaluation of Reminer in treatment of white lesions]. PMID- 3484064 TI - [Lipoma]. PMID- 3484063 TI - [Development of the supernumerary premolar]. PMID- 3484066 TI - [Growth and development]. PMID- 3484065 TI - [Facial profile measurements. Comparative study of some facial profile measurements and the "I" line. (1--surface measurements)]. PMID- 3484068 TI - [Maxillofacial orthognathic surgery in the cleft palate patient]. PMID- 3484067 TI - [Importance of dental remission during prenatal monitoring, resulting in gingival manifestations]. PMID- 3484069 TI - [Intermediate bases in operative dentistry]. PMID- 3484070 TI - [Behcet's syndrome. Stomatologic considerations]. PMID- 3484071 TI - [Recent finding concerning sweeteners]. PMID- 3484072 TI - [The Yliviesko xylitol research]. PMID- 3484073 TI - [Basic information about honey]. PMID- 3484075 TI - [Emergency treatment of facial and maxillary/mandibular injuries]. PMID- 3484076 TI - [Dental trauma--diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3484074 TI - [Present day recommendations in nutrition in Finland]. PMID- 3484077 TI - [Dental trauma in children in Kuopio]. PMID- 3484078 TI - [Dental health care in Finnish health care centers]. PMID- 3484079 TI - [Some thoughts on the organizing of dental health care in the regional hospitals (health care centers)]. PMID- 3484080 TI - [Caries diagnosis in the health care centers]. PMID- 3484081 TI - [Dental health care of seamen at health care centers. An investigation of the utilization of these centers]. PMID- 3484082 TI - [Organized dental health care system in businesses]. PMID- 3484083 TI - Postural load and the development of musculo-skeletal illness. AB - Early in the 1970s, high rates of sick-leave due to musculo-skeletal complaints were frequently recorded among workers at Standard Telefon and Kabelfabrik's (STK's) factory in Norway. Workstations were redesigned according to ergonomics principles that allowed workers a wider choice of working postures and following their introduction in 1975, there was a marked reduction in sickness absence. Postural load was studied in groups of female workers in well defined assembly tasks. Trapezius load was recorded by electromyography (EMG). Simultaneously, postural angles of the upper arm in the shoulder joint and flexion/extension of head/neck and back were measured by using pendulum potentiometers. A quantitative relationship was found for the group between its median value of static trapezius load and the development of musculo-skeletal sick-leave, as a function of length of employment. Further support for a relationship between musculo-skeletal injury and trapezius load was found for the same subjects who suffered less musculo skeletal sick-leave, consistent with the reduced trapezius load when working at the redesigned work stands. The relationship between postural load and musculo skeletal injury was studied in comparable groups of the female workers with respect to age, working hours per day and time of employment. Psychosocial problems, spare time activities and living habits of workers did not show any significant difference across the groups. Postural load, both in terms of the magnitude of the flexion angle of the upper arm in the shoulder joint and the distribution of the work load between flexors and extensors, appeared to influence the incidence of load-related musculo-skeletal illness in the upper part of the body. The incidence of musculo-skeletal sick-leave in a group of workers with a median static trapezius load of about 1 to 2% MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction) for most of the work day, was approximately the same as for a group of comparable female workers without continuous work load. This suggests that a static trapezius load level of about 1% MVC is acceptable for the major part of the work day if adequate breaks in the load pattern are allowed when needed. At the same time, a median arm flexion of 15 degrees and a median arm abduction less than 10 degrees indicate the amplitude of these angles for 50% of the recording time. No details about the work-pause pattern was obtained, therefore these limits are only a rough indication of an acceptable arm position. PMID- 3484084 TI - Mutation in mammalian cells: theory and implications. PMID- 3484085 TI - Steps toward experimental measurement of total mutations relevant to human disease. PMID- 3484087 TI - Gene replacement by homologous recombination in mammalian cells. PMID- 3484086 TI - Adult mammalian hepatocyte as target cell for retroviral gene transfer: a model for gene therapy. PMID- 3484088 TI - [Plastic materials--composition and types]. PMID- 3484089 TI - [Discolorization of plastic materials]. PMID- 3484090 TI - [Oxygen and phenol inhibitors]. PMID- 3484091 TI - [Operative treatment of root caries and cervical abrasion]. PMID- 3484092 TI - [Cavity preparations for composite restorations]. PMID- 3484093 TI - [Placement of plastic restorations]. PMID- 3484094 TI - [Class I and II cavities]. PMID- 3484095 TI - [Radiopacity of composite resins for posterior teeth]. PMID- 3484096 TI - [Correct use of composite restorative materials]. PMID- 3484097 TI - [Indication for use of composite resins]. PMID- 3484098 TI - [Fear of dental treatment among adult patients]. PMID- 3484099 TI - [Use of radiologic examination screening for diagnosis of developmental anomalies in teeth]. PMID- 3484100 TI - [Aspiration of a syringe needle during dental treatment]. PMID- 3484101 TI - [Ministry of Health announcement on new regulation limiting ionizing radiation exposure]. PMID- 3484102 TI - [Reconstruction of functional occlusion in intercuspal position]. PMID- 3484104 TI - [Incorrect treatment of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, two cases presented by the Health Care Authority]. PMID- 3484105 TI - [Theory based on scientific observations concerning the disease known as caries]. PMID- 3484103 TI - [Conservative treatment of an anterior disc dislocation of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3484106 TI - [Treatment of sensitive dentin using acupuncture]. PMID- 3484107 TI - [Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment of discrepancies in growth of bones of the jaws: motivation and satisfaction]. PMID- 3484108 TI - [Dental fluorosis in Denmark. I. Mineralization period and dental fluorosis]. PMID- 3484109 TI - [Oral implantology]. PMID- 3484110 TI - [Osseointegrated implants]. PMID- 3484111 TI - [Prosthetic reconstruction in the mandible with osseointegrated implants]. PMID- 3484112 TI - [Biologic considerations in use of dental implants]. PMID- 3484113 TI - [ITI implant system]. PMID- 3484114 TI - [Experience in use of IMZ-implants for stabilization of full dentures]. PMID- 3484115 TI - [Bacterial contamination of water systems in dental units]. PMID- 3484116 TI - [Dental fluorosis in Denmark. II. Large single doses of fluoride and dental fluorosis]. PMID- 3484118 TI - [Principles governing build-up and formation of the occlusal surface. I]. PMID- 3484117 TI - [Dental fluorosis in Denmark. III. Fluoride content of drinking water and dental fluorosis]. PMID- 3484119 TI - [Hamulus pterygoid syndrome]. PMID- 3484120 TI - [Principles governing build-up and formation of the occlusal surface. II]. PMID- 3484121 TI - [Injury reporting and description in case of injuries to the oro-facial structures]. PMID- 3484122 TI - [Dental screening patch test]. PMID- 3484124 TI - [Oncology in dentistry--the need for treatment as evidenced in the clinic treating diseases of teeth and jaws]. PMID- 3484123 TI - [Mobile clinics--a resource in dental health care for young patients?]. PMID- 3484125 TI - [Diagnosis of sarcoidosis using lip biopsies of submucosal salivary glands]. PMID- 3484126 TI - [Occlusal- and maxillary/mandibular reconstruction following mandibular resection]. PMID- 3484127 TI - [Modern aspects of fluorides and their bacteriostatic effects/mechanisms]. PMID- 3484128 TI - [Oral kinetics of fluorides]. PMID- 3484129 TI - [Fluoride toothpaste--content, absorption and toxicological aspects]. PMID- 3484130 TI - [Stannous fluoride--cariostatic mechanisms--clinical aspects]. PMID- 3484131 TI - [Fluoride prophylaxis before the 90's]. PMID- 3484132 TI - [Lingual orthodontics]. PMID- 3484133 TI - [Insurance (third party) dental health care over the years 1981-1985. Trends in the private dental health care sector]. PMID- 3484134 TI - [Corrosion products from dental alloys and the effects of mercury and cupric ions on a neuro-effector system]. PMID- 3484136 TI - [Incidence of dental caries among 16-17-year olds in Nuuk, Godthab (Greenland) in 1980/81]. PMID- 3484135 TI - [Dental status of preschoolers in Gentofte region 1986/87]. PMID- 3484138 TI - [Comparative "in vitro" examination of permeability of rebasing made of phosphate cement and tubulitec aiming at chemical protection of dental pulp]. PMID- 3484137 TI - [Observation of the healing degree of extraction wounds in experimental animals under the effect of Apernyl and Nebacetin]. PMID- 3484139 TI - [The effect of paradental dressing on the oral microflora]. PMID- 3484140 TI - [Comparison of skeletal and dento-alveolar anteroposterior relations appraised with Steiner's and Jacobson's analysis]. PMID- 3484142 TI - [Various aspects of tooth pulp defense]. PMID- 3484143 TI - [Biophysical principles in the stabilization procedure of traumatic teeth]. PMID- 3484141 TI - [Modified application of circumzygomatic and circumcranial suspension]. PMID- 3484144 TI - [Histological findings of the effects of amalgam fillings on the tissues of interdental spaces in experimental animals]. PMID- 3484145 TI - [Electronic-microscopic study of giant tubules in human dentin]. PMID- 3484147 TI - [Caries prevention in adults]. PMID- 3484146 TI - [Values of densitometric analysis of radiographs in everyday practice]. PMID- 3484148 TI - [Comparative analysis of the studies of irregularities during the period of fifteen years]. PMID- 3484149 TI - Phorbol ester-induced loss of cell surface sialic acid enhances target cell sensitivity to cytolysis by natural killer (NK) cells. PMID- 3484150 TI - [Modification of rabbit implantation tests for biological testing of root canal filling materials]. PMID- 3484151 TI - [Leiomyoma of the mouth]. PMID- 3484152 TI - [Hearing disorders in cleft patients]. PMID- 3484153 TI - [Leopard syndrome--dental relevance]. PMID- 3484154 TI - [Cadmium content of calculus in non-smokers and smokers of different smoking habits]. PMID- 3484155 TI - [Work group "Implant Statistik" register study data to date]. PMID- 3484156 TI - [Radiation load in dental treatment setting]. PMID- 3484158 TI - [Medical treatment of emergencies in the dental office]. PMID- 3484157 TI - [Late mandibular angle fracture after operative removal of third molars]. PMID- 3484159 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic inspection of 137 cases of epulis]. PMID- 3484160 TI - [Measurement of models of newborns with one sided clefts]. PMID- 3484161 TI - [Eye and hearing damage from dental practice]. PMID- 3484162 TI - [Cavity lining of plastic filling material for deciduous teeth]. PMID- 3484163 TI - [Drinking water fluoridation and prevention in Germany: efficacy and actuality]. PMID- 3484164 TI - [Etiology and therapy of hypersensitive tooth roots]. PMID- 3484165 TI - [Basal cell tumor of the face]. PMID- 3484166 TI - [Assistant and AIDS]. PMID- 3484168 TI - [Primary vestibuloplasty in care of edentulous atrophic mandibles with endosseous implants]. PMID- 3484167 TI - [Determination of vertical dimension using "Horie bitegauge system"]. PMID- 3484169 TI - [Comparison of three full ceramic crown systems]. PMID- 3484170 TI - [Pain as symptom of functional damage in masticatory system]. PMID- 3484171 TI - [Complete denture--determination of horizontal and vertical jaw relation]. PMID- 3484172 TI - [Problems of molar uprighting]. PMID- 3484173 TI - [Migration of teeth with temporary fillings after inlay preparation]. PMID- 3484174 TI - [Amalgam use in dentistry and blood mercury levels]. PMID- 3484175 TI - [Diagnosis and differentiation of radicular cysts]. PMID- 3484176 TI - [Correction of facial asymmetry secondary to temporomandibular joint ankylosis]. PMID- 3484177 TI - [Electron microscope study of the effect of the enzyme mixture L(+)Lactatdehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-D-Fructofuranosidase (Invertase) on plaque bacteria in vitro]. PMID- 3484178 TI - [Cytotoxic antibody formation following allogeneic tooth grafting]. PMID- 3484179 TI - [Comparative hygienic and bacteriologic studies in 35 dental practices. II. Water bearing systems of dental units]. PMID- 3484180 TI - [Esthetic anterior crowns and marginal precision]. PMID- 3484181 TI - [Simultaneous maxillomandibular osteotomies to correct dentofacial anomalies]. PMID- 3484183 TI - [Implant anatomy]. PMID- 3484182 TI - cDNA cloning of alkaline phosphatase from rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) cells. AB - Two cDNA clones of rat alkaline phosphatase (AP) were isolated from a rat osteosarcoma lambda gt 11 cDNA library (ROS 17/2.8) utilizing a human bone-liver kidney (BLK) type AP cDNA. These clones contain overlapping DNA sequences of 597 and 520 bp, respectively, corresponding to the 3' noncoding region of AP mRNA. The sequence homology with the human BLK AP cDNA is 61%. In Northern blot analysis the rat cDNA hybridizes to a single band of 2.5 kb mRNA from ROS 17/2.8 and rat liver, under highly stringent conditions. Steady state levels of AP mRNAs measured in several rat osteosarcoma cell lines (ROS 17/2.8, ROS 2/3, ROS 25/1, UMR 106) correlate with the level of AP enzymatic activity in these cells. Dexamethasone, which stimulates AP enzymatic activity in ROS 17/2.8 cells, increases the relative abundance of AP mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. This probe can be used to study AP expression in rat tissues and cells. PMID- 3484184 TI - [Indications for implants]. PMID- 3484185 TI - [Biocompatibility and peri-implantology]. PMID- 3484186 TI - [Implants and tissue reactions. Histological and ultrastructural concepts]. PMID- 3484187 TI - [Blade implants]. PMID- 3484188 TI - [Distal implants in the upper jaw]. PMID- 3484190 TI - [Bacterial morphotypes in periodontal pockets of diabetic patients]. PMID- 3484189 TI - Dental attrition in preschool children. PMID- 3484191 TI - [Importance of roentgenocephalometric analysis in Class II/1 diagnostics]. PMID- 3484192 TI - [Analgesic effect of laser in dental therapy]. PMID- 3484193 TI - [Organic fluorides in the prevention of inflammatory condition of marginal periodontium of children in puberty]. PMID- 3484194 TI - [Drug-induced allergic reactions in oral mucosa]. PMID- 3484195 TI - [Journal as a medium of institutionalized science]. PMID- 3484196 TI - [Clinical importance of hypercementosis]. PMID- 3484197 TI - [Registration and position transfer of the mandible in partial prosthetics]. PMID- 3484198 TI - [Cariogenicity of oral Streptococcus intermedius in germ-free rats]. PMID- 3484199 TI - [Survey on veneers for discolored teeth--a new veneer restoration; porcelain veneers]. PMID- 3484200 TI - [A study of palpation to determine premature tooth contact during tooth tapping. 2. Relationship between accelerated tooth vibration and ability to distinguish by palpation]. PMID- 3484201 TI - [A time study of periodontal examination and treatment]. PMID- 3484202 TI - [Dental practice made intentionally for the industrial workers during three years and its evaluation]. PMID- 3484203 TI - [Study on examination items of the deciduous tooth pulpitis]. PMID- 3484204 TI - [A case of Warthin's tumor]. PMID- 3484205 TI - [A case of chronic pyogenic mandibular osteomyelitis with a history of 20 years]. PMID- 3484207 TI - [Histidine and histamine in saliva]. PMID- 3484206 TI - [The case of an intraglandular sialolith partially exposed through the cortex in the submandibular gland]. PMID- 3484208 TI - [Invasiveness of Bifidobacterium dentium IV-135 strain into tooth tissues]. PMID- 3484209 TI - [Clinical evaluation on the efficacy and usefulness of SI-3906]. PMID- 3484210 TI - [Radiological and histopathological examination on 28 cases of mandibular ameloblastoma]. PMID- 3484211 TI - [Properties of dust-free type alginate impression materials]. PMID- 3484212 TI - [Effect of fluoride on pigmentation and iron distribution in the enamel of rat incisors]. PMID- 3484213 TI - [A case of two embedded supernumerary teeth in the left upper molar region of a patient with 1st and 2nd branchial arch syndrome]. PMID- 3484214 TI - [Purification and immunochemical characterization of a Streptococcus intermedium ATCC 27335 polysaccharide antigen]. PMID- 3484215 TI - [Attrition and secondary dentine formation of primary incisors]. PMID- 3484216 TI - [Dextrorotary and levorotary lactic acid in saliva]. PMID- 3484217 TI - [Cellular pathology in leukoplakia and tumors of the oral cavity (2)]. PMID- 3484218 TI - [Oral cancer: epidemiological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 3484219 TI - [Cellular pathology of leukoplakia and tumors of the oral cavity: progression, differentiation, proto-oncogenesis (3)]. PMID- 3484220 TI - [Response of dental pulp to administration of radiation: an interesting clinical case]. PMID- 3484223 TI - [Review of canal instruments most frequently used in endodontics]. PMID- 3484222 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia or Christ-Touraine-Siemens syndrome]. PMID- 3484224 TI - [Asymmetrical crying facies]. PMID- 3484225 TI - [The Stellenbosch triangle in three-dimensional cephalometric analysis]. PMID- 3484221 TI - [Dilatation of the salivary ducts: radiologic findings]. PMID- 3484226 TI - [Odontoblastic ultrastructure: pericellular thickening]. PMID- 3484227 TI - [Perioperative chemoprophylaxis with mezlocillin in oral surgery]. PMID- 3484228 TI - [Allergic mouth disease. 2. Brief analysis of the main dental materials showing allergenicity. 1. Anesthetics; silver amalgam; composite resins; dental resins]. PMID- 3484229 TI - [Congenital cysts and fistulas of the neck. 2. Classification system]. PMID- 3484230 TI - [Actinomycosis in drug addicts (clinical study)]. PMID- 3484231 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia: cherubism]. PMID- 3484232 TI - [Current trends in therapy of facial hemangioma]. PMID- 3484233 TI - [Allergic mouth diseases. 2. Short analysis of the main dental materials showing allergenicity. 2. Chrome-cobalt alloys; nickel-chromium alloys; gold alloys; elastic impression materials; orthodontic materials; periodontal and antiseptic]. PMID- 3484234 TI - [Congenital cysts and fistulas of the neck. Clinical case: thyroglossal duct cyst]. PMID- 3484235 TI - [Statistical study of 2155 cases of tooth extraction performed at the Exodontia Section of the Dental Clinic of the University of Naples Polyclinic during 2 years]. PMID- 3484236 TI - Serine- and SH-proteinase inhibitors from Enterolobium contortisiliquum beans. Purification and preliminary characterization. AB - Two types of proteinase inhibitors were purified from Enterolobium contortisiliquum beans. The inhibitor of serine-proteinases inhibited trypsin (Ki = 5 nM), chymotrypsin (Ki = 10 nM) and plasma kallikrein, but not tissue kallikreins. The molecular weight is approximately 23 kDal and two polypeptide chains are detected after reduction. The second inhibitor with activity directed against SH-proteinases was isolated by CM-papain-Sepharose. The molecular weight is approximately 60 kDal and only one polypeptide chain was detected after reduction. Papain (Ki = 0.6 nM) and bromelain are inhibited. PMID- 3484237 TI - An experience with high frequency and low volume ventilation using a conventional volume-cycled ventilator (CPU-1): a preliminary report. PMID- 3484238 TI - Gemfibrozil has antilipemic effects on diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. PMID- 3484239 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: correlation of clinical features with immunocytochemical classification in comparison with children and adults]. PMID- 3484241 TI - AIDS feared most. PMID- 3484242 TI - Costs rise. PMID- 3484240 TI - Measurement of serum CA 125 in ovarian cancers. PMID- 3484243 TI - AMA proposes AIDS testing. PMID- 3484244 TI - CDA introduces new ad campaign. PMID- 3484245 TI - [Silver amalgam condensation. Scanning electron microscope findings]. PMID- 3484246 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the upper lip. Report of a case]. PMID- 3484247 TI - [Utilization of Deaftol in dentistry]. PMID- 3484248 TI - [Electrical appliances and installations in dental offices]. PMID- 3484249 TI - [Electrical installations in areas for medical use]. PMID- 3484250 TI - [Polishing of silver amalgam. Scanning electron microscope findings]. PMID- 3484251 TI - [Lower incisor extraction in orthodontics]. PMID- 3484252 TI - [Mandibular fractures in children. Statistical study of 157 cases]. PMID- 3484253 TI - [Bone augmentation method using osteotomic orthodontic technic]. PMID- 3484254 TI - [Anomalies of the dentition: dental agenesis]. PMID- 3484255 TI - [2 cases of hereditary familial gingival fibromatosis]. PMID- 3484256 TI - [Periodontal disease in juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3484258 TI - [Evaluation of actual needs for fluoride in prevention]. PMID- 3484259 TI - [Osteomyelitis of the jaws. Documentation of the outcome of a clinical case]. PMID- 3484257 TI - [Adhesives and composite materials. New trends in cavity preparation]. PMID- 3484260 TI - [Problems in surgical therapy of mandibular cherubism]. PMID- 3484261 TI - [Professional responsibility and medico-legal problems in orthodontic practice]. PMID- 3484262 TI - [Canal overfilling: clinico-therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 3484263 TI - [Differences in potential of dental amalgams measured in vivo]. PMID- 3484264 TI - [The use of Josamycin in stomatology]. PMID- 3484265 TI - [Implantology: protocol and bylaws of IRCOI]. PMID- 3484266 TI - [AIDS at Amdi di Pesaro]. PMID- 3484267 TI - [A prosthesis for the severe loss of maxillofacial substance. 4. Technical procedures: the prosthesis]. PMID- 3484268 TI - [Syndromes of the 1st and 2nd branchial arch: pathogenesis and therapy. 1]. PMID- 3484270 TI - [Neoplasms: verrucous carcinoma]. PMID- 3484271 TI - [Biological behavior of dental materials]. PMID- 3484269 TI - [Post-extraction pain. Analgesic treatment with Piroxicam]. PMID- 3484272 TI - [The biocompatibility of dental alloys. What we should have in mind for their selection and application. Corrosion, metals and toxicity]. PMID- 3484273 TI - [The use of the X-ray in the prevention of complications during tooth extractions]. PMID- 3484274 TI - [Periodontal treatment need in childhood in relation to sex, age and socioeconomic status]. PMID- 3484275 TI - [Mucous cysts of the oral cavity. Clinicostatistical study and treatment]. PMID- 3484277 TI - [Simultaneous presence of anodontia and supernumerary teeth]. PMID- 3484276 TI - [Clinical study of the prognosis of formocresol pulpotomy in deciduous molars]. PMID- 3484278 TI - [Use of temporalis muscle flap in reconstruction of surgical defects of the maxilla]. PMID- 3484279 TI - [Sialadenographic phases and their importance in the diagnosis of pathologic conditions of salivary glands]. PMID- 3484281 TI - [Lymphangioma of the tongue]. PMID- 3484280 TI - [Peripheral giant cell granulomas--a clinico-statistic study of 100 cases]. PMID- 3484282 TI - [Moebius syndrome. Report of a case and surgical correction of the mandibular retrognathia]. PMID- 3484284 TI - [Radical surgery for cancer of the maxilla]. PMID- 3484283 TI - [Midline malignant granuloma: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3484285 TI - [Study of the blood sugar level immediately before and after a tooth extraction]. PMID- 3484286 TI - [Cephalometric study of the dentoskeletal problem in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients]. PMID- 3484287 TI - [Diagnostic value of the symptoms, the signs and the radiographical findings of cysts of the jaws]. PMID- 3484288 TI - [The osteointegration of ceramic hydroxyapatite]. PMID- 3484289 TI - [Suitability of calcium phosphate ceramics for reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar crest]. PMID- 3484290 TI - [The basal cell nevus syndrome. Report and follow-up of five cases]. PMID- 3484291 TI - [Concentration of gentamycin in rat femur and mandible]. PMID- 3484292 TI - [Cervical lymph node metastasis, following cancer of the lip]. PMID- 3484293 TI - [Monocortical miniplate osteosynthesis in craniomaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 3484294 TI - [Augmentation of the atrophic mandible with Sandwich osteotomy and particulate hydroxylapatite]. PMID- 3484295 TI - [Immediate reconstruction with autogenous bone and preservation of the nerve, after partial resection of the mandible]. PMID- 3484296 TI - [Use of the radial forearm flap in maxillofacial reconstruction]. PMID- 3484297 TI - [Diagnostic procedure of the skeletal Class III problem]. PMID- 3484298 TI - [Nasolabial cysts. Report of two cases]. PMID- 3484299 TI - [Chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible]. PMID- 3484301 TI - [Who is responsible for the special care which patients with occlusal anomalies need?]. PMID- 3484300 TI - [Determination of the immunological phenotype of acute leukemias in the city of Puebla, Mexico: identification of 19 cases of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, M7 type of the FAB classification]. PMID- 3484302 TI - Retinoic acid and glucocorticoids enhance the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein synthesis by rat osteosarcoma cells. AB - Two 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-controlled parameters in the osteoblastlike osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2, bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) and collagen synthesis, were measured after pretreatments with either retinoic acid (RA), or triamcinolone acetate (TRM). RA and TRM both caused double the expected increase in BGP secretion at 16 hr after treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Triamcinolone acetate concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-9) M or 10(-6) M retinoic acid were effective in enhancing the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation of BGP secretion. Treatment with RA or TRM alone did not stimulate BGP secretion. RA alone had no effect on BGP secretion, while TRM inhibited BGP secretion. Collagen synthesis is inhibited by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Neither retinoic acid nor triamcinolone acetate enhanced the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 mediated inhibition of collagen synthesis. Retinoic acid by itself inhibited collagen synthesis but did not change the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated inhibition of collagen synthesis. Triamcinolone acetate by itself or together with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased collagen synthesis. We conclude that, although both triamcinolone acetate and retinoic acid increase the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulation of BGP secretion by ROS 17/2 cells, they have different effects on the regulation of collagen production. Thus, although both hormones increase the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor concentration in these cells, their actions are not mediated solely by this mechanism. PMID- 3484303 TI - [Frequency of particular colors from the SR-Vivosit-PE scale in teeth and acrylic crowns]. PMID- 3484304 TI - [Endodontic system in root fusion of the second lower permanent molar]. PMID- 3484305 TI - [Hereditary dental abnormalities in schoolchildren]. PMID- 3484306 TI - [A comparative analysis of oral health in mentally retarded and normal children]. PMID- 3484308 TI - [New aspects of pain origin and the concept of gate control theory]. PMID- 3484307 TI - [Drug induced changes in oral tissue (2)]. PMID- 3484309 TI - [Effect of Zovirax cream in recurrent herpes labialis]. PMID- 3484310 TI - Changes in the composition of salivary amino acids, proteins and enzymes in children with phenylketonuria. PMID- 3484311 TI - [Strontium chloride in the treatment of dental hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3484312 TI - [Dental health in a sample of Zagreb preschool children]. PMID- 3484314 TI - [A contribution to the knowledge about dental fluorosis]. PMID- 3484313 TI - [Dental hypercementosis with chronic pulpitis]. PMID- 3484315 TI - [Methods of sampling for bacteriological testing in acute odontogenic infections]. PMID- 3484316 TI - [Determination of refraction of some polymerisates against a white medium]. PMID- 3484317 TI - [Possibilities of salivary secretion measurement]. PMID- 3484318 TI - [Photo-occlusal diagnostics--principles and technique]. PMID- 3484320 TI - On the fast lane. Atypical supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3484319 TI - [Use of Heliosite in the esthetic treatment of some orthodontic and morphological anomalies]. PMID- 3484321 TI - Functional state of the stomatognathic system in 5, 10 and 15 year old children in southwestern Finland. PMID- 3484322 TI - Pulp nerve responses to dentinal stimulation in the dog: activation mechanisms and connection with tissue damage in the pulp. PMID- 3484323 TI - Hemangioma of the head and neck. PMID- 3484325 TI - Need for orthodontic intervention in five-year-old Finnish children. PMID- 3484324 TI - In vivo activity of piritrexim [corrected] against Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 3484326 TI - [Subgingival bacterial flora in relation to clinical conditions in juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3484327 TI - Craniomandibular disorders in psoriatic arthritis. A radiographic and clinical study. PMID- 3484328 TI - Another manpower crisis. PMID- 3484329 TI - Calibration of a portable intrinsic Ge gamma-ray detector using point sources and testing for field applications. AB - A simple procedure using point sources is described for the calibration of portable high-resolution gamma-ray detectors used in field surveys. The point source data are fitted by empirical equations that are used to calculate efficiency for field applications. Two models for the distribution of radionuclides are treated: a thin surface-film model and a vertically homogeneous model. The success of the procedure has been demonstrated by field applications in plots where the levels of contamination are known. PMID- 3484331 TI - In vitro induction of terminal differentiation of neonatal rat hepatocytes by direct contact with adult rat hepatocytes [corrected]. AB - Immunocytochemical staining of tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase (TO, EC 1.13.11.11), which is a typical marker of terminal differentiation of rat hepatocytes, showed that TO was expressed as early as the first day after birth by a few hepatocytes, and that the number of hepatocytes expressing TO gradually increased during early neonatal development. In contrast, immature hepatocytes grew actively in culture even without growth factors and serum, showing a labelling index with [3H]thymidine of over 80% just after birth, but their ability to show autonomous growth decreased rapidly during postnatal development. Double staining of hepatocytes from neonatal rats indicated that hepatocytes showing DNA synthesis were distinct from those expressing TO, suggesting that immature cells proliferate, but do not express TO, and then become fully differentiated expressing TO, but not proliferating any more. On the contrary, albumin was fully expressed in most hepatocytes of 0-day-old rats, in which the hepatocytes were still growing. When immature hepatocytes without TO from 0-day-old rats were cultured on a feeder layer of adult rat hepatocytes for 3.5 days, their expression of TO increased rapidly to almost the adult level (over 70% of the cells became TO-positive). Conversely, this feeder layer strongly inhibited autonomous growth of the neonatal rat hepatocytes. Other feeder layers, such as non-parenchymal liver cells of adult rats, Reuber hepatoma, and Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, had no effect on the reciprocal changes of terminal differentiation and autonomous growth of immature rat hepatocytes. A feeder layer of dead adult rat hepatocytes, obtained by treating the cells with cytosine arabinoside for 24 h or drying them at 37 degrees C, had the same ability as a feeder layer of living cells to induce cytodifferentiation of immature cells. When the dead feeder layer was treated with 1 N HCl or digested with 0.1% trypsin, its ability to induce differentiation was almost completely lost. These results suggest that a cell surface component of adult rat hepatocytes, probably an acid-labile protein, controls terminal differentiation and growth of immature hepatocytes. PMID- 3484330 TI - Primary structure of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan core protein deduced from cloned cDNA. AB - The core protein of a small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed by human fibroblasts and present in extracellular matrices in association with collagen has been cloned from a lambda gt11 fibroblast cDNA library. cDNA clones were isolated by use of antibodies specific for the intact proteoglycan and antibodies against a peptide synthesized on the basis of the amino-terminal sequence of the core protein. A 1.8-kilobase cDNA was found to code for a prepro core protein composed of a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a mature core protein of 329 amino acids. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence was identical to that previously obtained by protein sequencing. The core protein contains three Ser-Gly dipeptide sequences, of which one is substituted with glycosaminoglycan. A protein data base homology search established the core protein sequence is a unique sequence distinct from published amino acid sequences. RNA blot hybridizations, performed using the cloned cDNA as a probe, revealed two related transcripts of 1.6 and 1.9 kilobases in RNA from both human fibroblast and placental tissue. Hybridization of genomic DNA restriction fragments suggested that there is one gene for the core protein of this proteoglycan and possibly one other closely related gene. Availability of the cloned cDNA for the proteoglycan now makes it possible to apply methods of molecular biology to study the collagen-binding and cell attachment-inhibiting properties of this proteoglycan. PMID- 3484332 TI - Potential secondary structure at translation-initiation sites. AB - Since translational start codons also occur internally, more-complex features within mRNA must determine initiation. We compare the potential secondary structure of 123 prokaryotic mRNA start regions to that of regions coding for internal methionines. The latter display an unexpectedly-uniform, almost-periodic pattern of pairing potential. In contrast, sequences 5' to start codons have little self-pairing, and do not pair extensively with the proximal coding region. Pairing potential surrounding start codons was found to be less than half of that found near internal AUGs. In groups of random sequences where the distribution of nucleotides at each position, or of trinucleotides at each in-frame codon position, matched the observed natural distribution, there was no periodicity in the pairing potential of the internal sequences. Randomized internal sequences had less pairing: the ratio of pairing intensity between internals and starts was reduced from 2.0 to 1.6 by randomization. We propose that the transition from the relatively-unstructured start domains to the highly-structured internal sequences may be an important determinant of translational start-site recognition. PMID- 3484333 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of succinylcholine-cimetidine interaction. PMID- 3484334 TI - Stability of 5-fluorouracil in whole blood and plasma. AB - We studied the stability of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in plasma and whole blood kept at room temperature and on ice for 1 to 24 h. At room temperature, there was a steady loss of 94% of the parent drug over 24 h in whole blood and 52% in plasma. In the presence of an excess of uracil, 5-FU was stable for 24 h, suggesting that the loss of 5-FU is the result of enzymatic degradation. 5-FU is more stable in whole blood and plasma when samples are kept cold. For blood and plasma samples maintained on ice, the loss was only 30% and 10% of the parent drug in the respective samples over 24 h. Frozen plasma samples (-20 degrees C) were stable for five weeks. Blood specimens collected for quantifying 5-FU should be immediately placed on ice, and the plasma should be separated and frozen as promptly as possible. PMID- 3484335 TI - Sexual orientation and boyhood gender conformity: development of the Boyhood Gender Conformity Scale (BGCS) AB - Two hundred twenty-five [corrected] respondents (109 [corrected] heterosexuals and 116 [corrected] homosexuals) completed a survey containing a 20-item Boyhood Gender Conformity Scale (BGCS). This scale was largely composed of edited and abridged gender items from Part A of Freund et al.'s Feminine Gender Identity Scale (FGIS-A) and Whitam's "childhood indicators." The combined scale was developed in an attempt to obtain a reliable, valid, and potent discriminating instrument for accurately classifying adult male respondents for sexual orientation on the basis of their reported boyhood gender conformity or nonconforming behavior and identity. In addition, 33% of these respondents were administered the original FGIS-A and Whitam inventory during a 2-week test-retest analysis conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the new instrument. All the original items significantly discriminated between heterosexual and homosexual respondents. From these a 13-item function and a 5 item function proved to be the most powerful discriminators between the two groups. Significant correlations between each of the three scales and a very high test-retest correlation coefficient supported the reliability and validity assumption for the BGCS. The conclusion was made that the five-item function (playing with boys, preferring [corrected] boys' games, imagining self as sports figure, reading adventure and sports stories, considered a "sissy") was the most potent and parsimonious discriminator among adult males for sexual orientation. It was similarly noted that the absence of masculine behaviors and traits appeared to be a more powerful predictor of later homosexual orientation than the traditionally feminine or cross-sexed traits and behaviors. PMID- 3484336 TI - Quantitative study of phenol as a neurolytic agent in the urinary bladder. AB - The endoscopic subtrigonal injection of a 6% aqueous phenol solution is an effective technique for denervating the bladder but its clinical usefulness is limited by unpredictable side effects. This study explored the possibility of making this procedure safer by comparing the neurolytic effects of different concentrations and carriers of phenol. Phenol in 2.5 and 5% solutions in three different carriers (water, glycerine and oil) was injected into the rectovesical pouch in 35 rats. After 3 weeks the bladders were excised and the effects on the density of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves were assessed in each animal using morphometric techniques. The density of enzyme-containing nerves was reduced by 20% in the phenolised animals when compared with controls. This reduction was maximum when water was used as the carrier for either 2.5 or 5% phenol solutions. PMID- 3484337 TI - Hematuria in rabbits. AB - A nine year retrospective study of hematuria in 14 New Zealand White rabbits was conducted to classify possible etiologies of this clinical finding. Physical examination, laboratory tests, radiography and postmortem examination were utilized in most cases to verify the presence of hematuria and to determine its etiology. Uterine adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in two rabbits. Three rabbits had uterine polyps with hemorrhage. Renal infarction with hemorrhage was diagnosed in three rabbits. Urolithiasis with secondary urethral obstruction and hemorrhagic cystitis was identified as the cause of hematuria in four rabbits. Other causes of hematuria included chronic cystitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bladder polyps and pyelonephritis. Hematuria of undetermined origin was observed in one rabbit. This last [corrected] case was negative for both blood and porphyrin in the urine, but positive for excess levels of urobilin, the oxidative product of urobilinogen. This case illustrates that hyperpigmented urine should be a rule out in all cases of suspected hematuria in rabbits. PMID- 3484338 TI - Evolution of cytochrome P-450 proteins. AB - Thirty-four cytochrome P-450 sequences from one bacterial and six vertebrate species have been aligned with the aid of a computer alignment algorithm. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the unweighted-pair-group and neighbor joining methods. The two trees differed at only a single branch point near the base of the tree. The cytochrome P-450 superfamily of proteins clustered into eight families and contained 16 gene-duplication events. The first gene duplication occurred approximately 1,360 Myr before the present (Mybp) and gave rise to cytochrome P-450s found in two different cellular organelles, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Both groups utilize cholesterol or its metabolites as substrates, implying that cholesterol existed greater than 1,360 Mybp. The fourth gene duplication (approximately 900 Mybp) gave rise to the drug-metabolizing P-450s. These proteins aid in the detoxification of foreign chemicals, as opposed to the metabolism of endogenous compounds. The importance of the capacity to metabolize drugs is reflected in 11 further gene duplications occurring in this lineage. The first occurred approximately 800 Mybp and gave rise to the two major P-450 families, the phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene families. An apparent increase in the rate of cytochrome P-450 evolution is noted between the bird-mammal divergence (300 Mybp) and the mammalian radiation (75 Mybp). PMID- 3484340 TI - Vascular system in the developing wing bud of normal and talpid mutant chick embryos. AB - The vascular limb mesoderm probably plays a prominent role in limb pattern formation in both normal and talpid chick embryos. The differential vascularization, or its consequences, is a factor controlling the initial stages of differentiation in the developing bud. The axial artery runs from the subclavian artery to the distal region of the normal limb bud, whereas in the talpid3 only secondary blood vessels develop. In the talpid, the gene permits the chondrogenic regions to grow and at the same time keeps the peripheral regions to a certain size. The mesenchyme tissue lies within the effective range of a metabolic gradient extending from either the ectodermal surface or the peripheral vessels to the limb axis. PMID- 3484339 TI - Somite chondrogenesis in vitro: 2. Changes in the hyaluronic acid synthesis. AB - The role of hyaluronic acid in limb morphogenesis (chondrogenesis) has been well defined. In the present study, we found that hyaluronic acid synthesis in somite explants steadily increased until day 6, then decreased, and inclusion of notochord did not accelerate the rate of synthesis. Analysis of hyaluronidase activity in the somite explants indicated an increase in the enzyme level in day 6 cultures. Again, inclusion of notochord did not alter this pattern. The decrease in hyaluronic acid after day 6 and the increase in sulfated proteoglycan synthesis from day 6 resemble the pattern described during limb development. Subsequent studies showed that, with time, the size of the hyaluronic acid synthesized by somites increased and, again, inclusion of notochord did not influence this pattern. The results indicate that unstimulated somites are capable of synthesizing cartilage-specific proteoglycans in a relatively restricted manner, and the inclusion of notochord resulted in accelerated synthesis of stable proteoglycan aggregates typical of differentiated chondrocytes. Metabolic events in somites related to hyaluronic acid are not influenced by the notochord. PMID- 3484342 TI - Recent research advances in Parkinson's disease: Part II. Studies in lower animals indicate a future for brain implants. PMID- 3484341 TI - The in vitro fertilization program at Cherry Hill, New Jersey. PMID- 3484343 TI - Semantics used in the nomenclature of in vitro fertilization, or let's all be more proper. PMID- 3484344 TI - Onset and duration of astrocytic response to cells transplanted into the adult mammalian brain. PMID- 3484345 TI - [Effect of the inoculation of the comestible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus on the chemical composition and digestibility of barley straw]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether incubation of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in barley straw for 45 or 60 days, proved to be a means of increasing the nutritive value and digestibility of the straw for ruminant animals. In this respect, the following determinations were performed in untreated barley straw (control), and in incubated barley straw with the mushroom strain mentioned previously, for 45 or 60 days: pH, moisture, crude protein, ash, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, gross energy and in vitro digestibility of the dry matter. Results showed that crude protein percentage remained constant (p less than or equal to 0.05) in all treatments (means 2.67%), increasing the ash content of the straw incubated for 60 days. The hemicellulose and cellulose percentages diminished significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the straw incubated for 45 or 60 days (16.74, 32.24, 17.43, 32.41% respectively) than in the control straw (24.54, 40.15%). The lignin percentages increased, although not significantly in the straw incubated for 45 or 60 days with respect to the control straw (8.36; 9.10, 9.06%, respectively). Energy values were lower for the straw incubated 45 or 60 days (2.70; 2.74 Kcal/g) than for the control straw (2.80 Kcal/g), without difference in the in vitro dry matter digestibility by incubating the straw for 45 or 60 days with Pleurotus ostreatus and the control (56.04; 52.65; 53.06% respectively). It is concluded that the Pleurotus ostreatus strain used in this study was unable to delignify the straw, because of its lack of fenoloxidases, enzymes which are necessary for lignin biodegradation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3484346 TI - Semantics and acronyms in in vitro fertilization (IVF) PMID- 3484347 TI - [Cross-sectional visualization of regurgitant jet by color flow mapping to evaluate aortic regurgitation]. AB - In the noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography, flow mapping of the aortic regurgitant jet using the long-axis approach is of limited value in cases of combined mitral stenotic lesions. This is because the transmitral flow yields flow disturbances in the left ventricle, making it difficult to identify the extent of the aortic regurgitant jet. To overcome these limitations, the severity of aortic regurgitation was evaluated using the cross-sectional area of the aortic regurgitant jet at the level of the aortic valve as visualized by color flow imaging technique. The study population consisted of 16 patients with aortic regurgitation (10 with pure aortic regurgitation, five with superimposed mitral stenosis, and one with mitral valve replacement). Three normal subjects served as controls. The cross-section of the aortic regurgitant jet was visualized as a mosaic of yellow and blue in all patients with aortic regurgitation, but not in any of the controls. Planimetric measurements of the cross-sectional area of the regurgitant jet (J) and the aortic annulus area (Ao) were performed, and the Doppler parameter, J/Ao, was calculated. As a reference, the aortic regurgitant fraction (RF) was calculated from Doppler measurements of systolic aortic and pulmonary flows (AF and PF); RF (%) = (AF - RF)/AF x 100. The Doppler parameter, J/Ao, correlated well with the Doppler measurement of RF (r = 0.82, p less than 0.005), irrespective of the presence of associated mitral lesions. Thus, the cross-sectional area of the aortic regurgitant jet determined by color flow imaging technique would be a useful estimate of the severity of aortic regurgitation, even in the presence of associated mitral stenotic changes. PMID- 3484348 TI - [Relationship between structure and in vitro antifilarial activity of twenty-four 3- and/or 4-substituted nitrofuran compounds]. PMID- 3484349 TI - Erythromycin series. XII. Antibacterial in vitro evaluation of 10-dihydro-10 deoxo-11-azaerythromycin A: synthesis and structure-activity relationship of its acyl derivatives. AB - Antibacterial in vitro evaluation of 10-dihydro-10-deoxo-11-azaerythromycin A (5), the new 15-membered semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic with nitrogen as additional atom in the aglycone ring of erythromycin A (1), was reported. Although amine (5) and its 13,14-cyclic carbonate (14) were less active than 1 against erythromycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains they showed advantageous properties against Gram-negative test organisms and clinical isolates. Also, a large number of acyl derivatives of 5 were synthesized and evaluated. N-11 monoacyl compounds exhibited 2 to 50 times lower in vitro antibacterial efficacy than the parent amine (5). PMID- 3484350 TI - [The quaternary alkaloid of rauwolfia venticillata (Lour.) Baill var. hainanensis Tsiang. Studies on the structure of macrospegatrine]. PMID- 3484352 TI - Setting up: equipment, lighting and accessories. PMID- 3484351 TI - Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of 122I- and 131I-labelled iodoperidol, a potential agent for the tomographic assessment of cerebral perfusion. AB - Iodoperidol (IP), an iodinated analogue of the antipsychotic drug haloperiodol, was evaluated as a cerebral blood flow radiopharmaceutical for PET or SPECT. IP was labelled with 131I or 122I (76% beta +, t1/2 = 3.6 min) in greater than 75% radiochemical yield via electrophilic aromatic iododestannylation. [131I]IP showed high cerebral uptake (1.9% of injected dose after 5 min) and good brain retention for the rat, with very low blood levels (brain/blood ratio = 35 at 2 h post injection). PET imaging of a dog demonstrated that [122I]IP has high selectivity for brain localization and good retention, and indicates that this class of compounds holds promise for development as perfusion radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 3484353 TI - Psychiatry and primary care. PMID- 3484354 TI - Some aspects of female sexuality, psychopathology and their relation to infantile states of mind. PMID- 3484355 TI - Human gene mapping 9. Paris conference (1987). Ninth International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping. PMID- 3484356 TI - Population forecasts and confidence intervals for Sweden: a comparison of model based and empirical approaches. AB - This paper compares several methods of generating confidence intervals for forecasts of population size. Two rest on a demographic model for age-structured populations with stochastic fluctuations in vital rates. Two rest on empirical analyses of past forecasts of population sizes of Sweden at five-year intervals from 1780 to 1980 inclusive. Confidence intervals produced by the different methods vary substantially. The relative sizes differ in the various historical periods. The narrowest intervals offer a lower bound on uncertainty about the future. Procedures for estimating a range of confidence intervals are tentatively recommended. A major lesson is that finitely many observations of the past and incomplete theoretical understanding of the present and future can justify at best a range of confidence intervals for population projections. Uncertainty attaches not only to the point forecasts of future population, but also to the estimates of those forecasts' uncertainty. PMID- 3484358 TI - Relative definition of handicap: implications for research. AB - According to a relative definition handicap arises in the relation between an individual (with a weakness, an impairment or a disability) and his/her environment. To identify handicap it is therefore necessary to use environmental criteria as well as individual ones. Several attempts have been made to take a relative definition as a basis for classification and research. These attempts, however, often end up using a traditional clinical perspective by reducing the highly complex environmental circumstances to the ability of the individual to handle those circumstances. This is the case with the terminology and classification schemes proposed by WHO (International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps: ICIDH). This is also what seems to have happened with the relative notion of mental retardation, presented 15 years ago in terms of "a social system perspective". One of the reasons might be the methodological problems involved in handling the complexity of social environmental factors. To transcend the clinical perspective and take the full consequences of the relative definition social and behavioral research need to focus on the social meaning of handicap as it manifests itself in daily life. This calls for an anthropological approach in studying the everyday lives of mentally retarded persons as well as studies of the role of the professional in labelling those persons. PMID- 3484357 TI - Myasthenia gravis: population differences in disease expression and acetylcholine receptor antibody titers between Chinese and Caucasians. AB - Clinical features and anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) titers were compared in Chinese (n = 258) and Caucasian (n = 258) myasthenia gravis populations. The former had more early onset and ocular cases, lacked the Caucasian late onset peak, and had fewer severe cases. The distribution of anti-AChR titers was broadly similar in the two populations, and their sera reacted equally well with AChR in both races. The significantly lower (chi 2 = 14.6; p less than 0.001) median anti-AChR titer in the Chinese population can be accounted for by the higher frequency of ocular cases and lower frequency of moderate or severely affected cases. PMID- 3484359 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of the progestagen dienogest in plasma and saliva]. AB - Following oral administration of 2 mg of dienogest (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta hydroxy-4,9-estradien-3-one) to female volunteers, the dienogest concentration courses in plasma and saliva were determined by means of a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Three different procedures of the plasma sample preparation prior to the RIA were compared. The dienogest RIA was directly applied to saliva. There is a high correlation between the dienogest concentrations in plasma and saliva. The dienogest plasma elimination half life of about 9 hrs is not significantly different from that derived from saliva. The salivary dienogest concentrations indicate a relatively high non-protein bound portion of this steroid drug in plasma. Following repeated oral administration of dienogest (tau = 24 hrs), there is no significant cumulation of plasma dienogest. PMID- 3484360 TI - Rapid lateral diffusion of lectin-labelled glycoconjugates in the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line HT29. Comparison with the synthetic lipid analogue diI C14. AB - The lateral diffusion of lectin-labelled glycoconjugates was studied in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29 using fluorescence photobleaching techniques. HT29 cells were grown in either Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with glucose (25 mM; DMEM-Glu) or with galactose (25 mM; DMEM-Gal). Cell cultivation in the DMEM Gal medium was assumed to promote a transformation of the cells to become small intestinal-like with characteristic microvilli and associated enzymes. The diffusion of glycoconjugates labelled with fluoresceinated Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (Wheat germ agglutinin; WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) and Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA) was in all cases rapid, with a diffusion constant (D) ranging between 0.4 and 0.8 X 10(-8) cm2 s-1. As a comparison the diffusion of the fluorescent synthetic lipid analog diI-C14 was characterized by D = 0.8 - 1.0 X 10(-8) cm2 s-1. The diffusion of lectin-labelled surface components could not be related to the presence of microvilli on HT29 cells grown in DMEM-Gal, which ought to yield an apparently lower diffusion rate. The results indicate either that surface glycoconjugates in HT29 cells are dominated by glycolipid, or that the labelled glycoproteins are more or less free to diffuse in the plane of the membrane. PMID- 3484362 TI - Antimalarial activity of synthetic riboflavin antagonists. PMID- 3484361 TI - Preparation of B-ring brominated derivatives of estradiol. AB - The preparation of 6 beta-methoxy-7 alpha-bromoestradiol (1) is reported. Addition of in situ-generated BrOMe to 6-dehydroestradiol 3-tetrahydropyranyl ether (4a) afforded the expected addition product. Removal of the tetrahydropyranyl protective group was carried out by mild acid hydrolysis to afford 1 in good yields. This base-sensitive compound is chemically stable over long periods of time. PMID- 3484363 TI - Models for reactive and chronic depression in infancy. PMID- 3484364 TI - Model evaluation using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. AB - The source of both the measured visual evoked potentials and the measured visual evoked magnetic fields was estimated by means of an inverse procedure. The model used consisted of a single current dipole positioned in a volume conductor consisting of four concentric spheres. Comparison of the results showed that the estimations did not always match. In order to reveal a possible cause of this mismatch a realistically shaped multicompartment model of the head was constructed. From forward simulations it followed that the influence of the realistic shape was apparent, especially when the dipole was positioned deep within the brains. PMID- 3484365 TI - Utilizing bile acid carrier mechanisms to enhance liver and small intestine absorption. AB - On the basis of the enterohepatocycling phenomenon of bile acids involving the intestines, liver, and gallbladder, it was conceptualized that bile acids could serve as a molecular carrier of drugs by taking advantage of the bile acid active transport mechanism. It was further proposed that derivatization or analogation of bile acids at the C3-OH position was the desired route because of the reactive hydroxyl group and, moreover, because of the active transport requirement of retaining the C17 side chain with a single terminal acidic function. Using 3 tosylcholic, 3-benzoylcholic, and 3-iodocholic acids, in situ liver absorption, biliary excretion, and intestinal absorption studies in the rat were successful in establishing the concept that C3-derivatives and analogs of bile acids are, potentially, novel molecular delivery systems for intestinal and liver-site directed absorption. PMID- 3484366 TI - A simplified technique for surgical management of echinococcal cyst. AB - A new technique has been described for the surgical management of Hydatid cyst of the liver. The cystpericystectomy is the treatment of choice, but if used alone it may be dangerous because of the high risk of hemorrhage. PMID- 3484367 TI - Control of sheath back bleeding: a simplified approach. PMID- 3484368 TI - Association of serum iron, serum transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin with survival in acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The present investigation was motivated from the consideration that a host environment rich in iron, represented by high serum transferrin saturation (TS) and high serum iron and serum ferritin levels might offer favorable growth conditions for leukemic cells in addition to infection, thus affecting survival. Serum measurements were obtained on 113 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between May 20, 1981 and August 8, 1983. A significant difference (p less than 0.001) was found between the survival of patients according to whether their first measured TS was greater than 36% or less than 36%, with fewer deaths in the group with TS less than 36. The relationship between TS and survival was still observed when patients were stratified according to length of time from diagnosis, risk group, French-American-British (FAB) classification, or presence of organomegaly at diagnosis (p less than 0.001). Similar differences were observed between survival of patients grouped according to their first measured serum ferritin. These results independently confirm and extend observations presented earlier and support the consideration that motivated this study. The value of serum iron-related measurements as prognostic variables cannot be established from this type of study; however, these findings suggest the need for a prospective study. PMID- 3484369 TI - Monoamines suppress the phytohemagglutinin wattle response in chickens. AB - The influence of the biogenic amines serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) wattle response was studied in three populations derived from line UNH 105 New Hampshire chickens. At 3 or 6 weeks of age, chicks were injected intravenously with either 5-HT, DA, NE, or a saline control. Thirty minutes after monoamine injection, 100 ug PHA-P was injected in the wattle and the thickness increase was calculated 24 hr later. Analysis of variance showed significant monoamine effects compared to controls but no difference in response among the three populations. 5-HT and NE each depressed significantly the wattle response in 3 and 6 week old chicks. DA reduced the response in both ages also but the significantly greater reduction in 6 than in 3 week old chicks indicated an age effect. These results suggest a regulatory role for monoamines in the PHA wattle response. PMID- 3484370 TI - British Association of Dermatologists sixty-seventh annual meeting. 1987, Harrogate. Abstracts. PMID- 3484372 TI - Radionuclides in lung diagnostics: a new approach. Summary of the first results. AB - With a 99mTc-labelled aerosol an inhalation (ventilation) image of the lungs was obtained. A lung perfusion image was obtained with 99mTc-labelled macro aggregates. The data from the gamma camera were stored in a computer and the inhalation-perfusion (I/P) ratio was calculated for the total lung as well as for one half, another selected region, and a local (pixel) area. In the anaesthetised dog in sternal recumbency, the I/P ratio decreased from the cranial to the caudal lung regions. Hence in the dog gravity is not the only determinant of the I/P ratio distribution, as it is assumed to be in man. Position and anaesthesia appeared to influence the distribution of I/P ratios within the lung. PMID- 3484371 TI - 'Blow-outs' in the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - A hole was detected in the epithelium of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment in two patients. Leakage through the hole led to an elevation of the overlying neurosensory retina in each case. The resulting vision was 20/70 in one eye and 20/30 in the other. The defects in the RPE occurred in a setting different from that usually seen with tears in the pigment epithelium and had a different clinical appearance. PMID- 3484373 TI - [Spatial distribution of hemoglobin in red blood cells of patients with asthma]. PMID- 3484374 TI - [Nursing care of draining wounds]. PMID- 3484375 TI - Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by radical electrocoagulation diathermy: 5 years' experience. AB - During the first 5 years of a colposcopy clinic established in a London teaching hospital 653 new patients were seen, usually referred because they had had an abnormal cervical smear report suggesting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Of 490 women treated within the district for CIN, 361 (73.7%) underwent radical electrocoagulation diathermy, 91 (18.6%) were treated by cone biopsy, 34 (6.9%) underwent hysterectomy and the other four patients were treated by cryocautery. Of the 245 women treated by radical electrocoagulation diathermy who have been followed for at least 12 months, persistent or recurrent disease has been found in only 15, a first time treatment success rate of 93.9%. PMID- 3484376 TI - Design of a burn dressing. AB - One of the more important properties of a burn dressing is its ability to control fluid balance. This can be achieved by absorption and/or water vapour transmission. Unfortunately, the rate of fluid loss from a burn wound has not been thoroughly investigated, therefore 'ideal' quantitative values for dressing absorption and water vapour transmission have not been defined. However, when the data that is available regarding fluid loss from burn wounds is analysed, valuable information about dressings can be obtained which should benefit dressing design. PMID- 3484377 TI - Practical points in the assessment and care of the patient having a carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 3484378 TI - Abstracts. International Diabetes Federation. Western Pacific Region Congress. Tokyo, Japan, 22-24 October 1987. PMID- 3484379 TI - Pancreas divisum: a case for surgical treatment. AB - When all is said and done, the case for an association between pancreas divisum and accessory papilla stenosis is empirical. In our experience, there are more persons with long-standing, persistent or increasing symptoms who respond favorably to accessory papilla sphincteroplasty than chance or placebo effect can reasonably explain. These same patients tend to have what is thought to be pathologically increased resistance to excretion of pancreatic secretions via the accessory papilla (positive secretin-ultrasound test), which is corrected by the accessory papilla sphincteroplasty (conversion to negative secretin-ultrasound test). At operation the orifice in the accessory papilla is tiny. Secretin induced flow is only a trickle in these patients, but when the limiting membranous web is cut, pancreatic secretions gush forth. Symptoms present before the operation are perceived as absent as soon as the pain of operation has subsided enough to allow assessment. Symptoms recur if the papillary orifice scars down and restenoses. Problems remain. Accurate selection of candidates for accessory papilla sphincteroplasty is not yet possible because of the lack of a highly reliable test for accessory papilla stenosis. The secretin-ultrasound test helps in this regard but still has a 10%-20% false positive rate and a 30%-35% false negative rate. The operation demands fine, precise, meticulous technique to avoid failure and the creation of even bigger problems with iatrogenic pancreatic duct obstruction. The final caveat is this: pancreas divisum as an anatomic form is common; pancreas divisum as a cause of pancreatic symptoms is very uncommon. Accessory papilla sphincteroplasty is no more a panacea for abdominal pain than sphincteroplasty of the major papilla has been. Nonetheless past failures do not negate the successes. With appropriate attention to patient selection and surgical technique, success can be the rule. PMID- 3484380 TI - Hybrid resistance to BALB/c plasmacytomas: F1 hybrid anti-MPC-11 immunological responses correlated with resistance to tumor challenge. AB - BALB/cJ X C57BL/10Sn F1 (hereafter called B10F1) hybrids resist challenge with the BALB/c plasmacytoma, MPC-11, by a radiation-sensitive, silica-insensitive mechanism, whereas BALB/cJ X BALB.B F1 (hereafter called BALB.BF1) hybrids are as susceptible to MPC-11 as are homozygous BALB/c mice themselves. To investigate the mechanism of resistance, we have compared anti-MPC-11 immune responses by these F1 hybrids both before and at various times after tumor challenge. Resistance is not determined by natural killer cell reactivity inasmuch as neither hybrid harbors splenic natural killer cells with lytic activity directed against MPC-11. Nor is it determined by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity since neither hybrid produces an appropriate anti-MPC-11 antibody. Spleen cells and lymph node cells from both hybrids are capable of generating high levels of anti-MPC-11 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in both primary and secondary mixed-lymphocyte tumor cell cultures. Such cytotoxic T-lymphocytes protect susceptible hybrids from tumor growth in Winn assays. The susceptible but not the resistant hybrids lose the ability to generate high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes activity in spleen mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures by 28 days, and in lymph node mixed-lymphocyte tumor cell cultures by 14 days postchallenge. The reduction in spleen cell reactivity is due to suppression mainly by adherent cells and can be abrogated by pretreatment of the susceptible hybrids with a low dose of Cytoxan 2 days before challenge. This pretreatment does not, however, protect the mice. They develop tumor at the same rate and die at the same time as do controls. Both the late appearance of suppression and the lack of effect on survival of its ablation suggest it to be a concomitant of tumor growth rather than its cause. Resistance to tumor growth in this model system may reflect an enhanced ability of the resistant hybrid to deliver effector cells to the site of tumor implantation. PMID- 3484381 TI - Correlation between adriamycin-induced augmentation of interleukin 2 production and of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice. AB - Based on the observation that spleen cells from Adriamycin-treated mice could develop augmented levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in response to heat treated and/or X-irradiated alloantigens, it was postulated that modulations in soluble mediators could be involved in this phenomenon. In fact, in this study Adriamycin-induced increases in the levels of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 2 activity have been observed with isolated cells. The "interleukin 2-like" activity was indistinguishable from that of partially purified interleukin 2 in terms of ability to restore responsiveness to experimentally inhibited primary alloantigen response cultures and to maintain long-term cultures of activated T cells. Furthermore this latter activity was completely ablated by antiinterleukin 2 monoclonal antibody. While the modification in prostaglandin E2 production did not appear to play a role in determining augmentation of cytotoxic T-cell activity, the modification in interleukin 2 production was consistent with the possibility that this is a primary mechanism of Adriamycin-induced augmented cell mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3484383 TI - The effect of cotrimoxazole on the absorption of orally administered 6 mercaptopurine in the rat. AB - The effect of cotrimoxazole (CTX) on plasma levels of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was studied in the rat. Animals receiving CTX in conjunction with 6-MP were found to have a marked but non-significant decrease in the area under the plasma time curve as compared with animals receiving 6-MP alone. It is suggested that the bioavailability and thereby, the antileukaemic effect) during maintenance therapy of ALL of 6-MP may be decreased by the co-administration of CTX. PMID- 3484384 TI - Cytotoxic lymphocytes and intestinal disease. PMID- 3484385 TI - Pleural effusions following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. PMID- 3484382 TI - Comparative immunotoxicity of free doxorubicin and doxorubicin encapsulated in cardiolipin liposomes. AB - The immunologic and pharmacologic effects of free doxorubicin and of doxorubicin entrapped in liposomes were compared in mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Liposomes for encapsulation of doxorubicin were prepared by using 39.35 mumol drug, 19.65 mumol cardiolipin, 100 mumol phosphatidylcholine, 68.4 mumol cholesterol, and 38.9 mumol stearylamine. Pharmacologic disposition studies after a dose of 20 mg/kg demonstrated 7- to 10-fold higher drug concentrations in the spleen at all time points following administration of doxorubicin entrapped in cardiolipin liposomes than after the free drug. The levels in liver were 4- to 5-fold higher with liposomal drug, whereas the cardiac uptake with liposomal doxorubicin was significantly lower than with free drug. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 after drug administration and spleen cells were isolated for studies of sensitization to alloantigens for cell-mediated cytolysis and of proliferation in response to mitogens. Mice treated with free doxorubicin demonstrated a decrease of more than 50 fold (compared with saline control) in allospecific cytotoxic activity on day 15; normal levels were recovered by day 22. The animals treated with doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes showed a similar but not more pronounced fall to low levels. The total lytic activity per spleen after free drug or drug encapsulated in liposomes was markedly reduced at day 8, but this activity was fully recovered by day 15 in animals receiving liposomal doxorubicin; in those receiving free drug it had not recovered fully even at day 22. The proliferative response to concanavalin A was affected by the two forms of doxorubicin in a pattern very similar to the cytotoxic response. The proliferative response to lipopolysaccharide was markedly depressed by doxorubicin delivered in either form, and the kinetics were not altered by the mode of administration. The concentration of doxorubicin in spleen was markedly increased with liposomal delivery, but did not result in greater toxicity than that of free drug according to the immunologic parameters evaluated. PMID- 3484387 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocytes with natural killer activity in thyroid infiltrate of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: analysis at clonal level. AB - T Lymphocytes from thyroid infiltrates and peripheral blood (PB) of 3 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) were cloned using a microculture system previously shown to allow the clonal expansion of virtually all PB T lymphocytes from normal individuals. The phenotypic and functional features of a total number of 153 clones from thyroid infiltrates and 206 clones from PB were examined and compared with those of 272 clones derived from normal PB and spleens. The majority of clones derived from thyroid infiltrates of patients with HT had the cytotoxic/suppressor (T8+) phenotype, whereas the majority of clones from PB expressed the helper/inducer (T4+) phenotype. In addition, a consistent proportion (25%) of clones derived from PB of one patient had a phenotype (T3+T4 T8-) that was only occasionally found on clones obtained from PB or spleens of normal subjects. Most clones derived from both PB and thyroid infiltrates of the patients with HT had cytolytic activity, assessed by a lectin-dependent cytolytic assay against the murine P815 tumor cell line. The high frequency of cytotoxic T cells in thyroid infiltrates was related to the increased proportion of T8+ cells, whereas enhanced percentages of cytotoxic cell precursors with T4+ and T3+T4-T8- phenotypes primarily accounted for the high frequency of cytolytic T cells in the PB of the same patients. Many cytolytic T cell clones derived from thyroid infiltrates also had natural killer activity against human K562 and MOLT 4 target cells. These data provide the first functional analysis of T lymphocytes infiltrating the thyroid gland in patients with HT and suggest that the high proportions of cytolytic T cell precursors found in both thyroid infiltrates and PB of these patients may be of importance in determining the tissue damage in thyroid autoimmune disease. PMID- 3484386 TI - T lymphocyte subsets at various stages of hyperthyroid Graves' disease: effect of carbimazole treatment and relationship with thyroid-stimulating antibody levels or HLA status. AB - Markers of autoimmunity in hyperthyroid Graves' disease were studied at various stages of the disease in connection with HLA status. The 148 patients studied were included in a long term prospective evaluation of antithyroid drug treatment. The proportions of total T lymphocytes and OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells in peripheral blood and circulating thyroid-stimulating antibodies were determined before treatment (M0; 46 patients), after 6 (M6; 50 patients), and 18 months (M18; 22 patients) of carbimazole treatment, at relapse (15 patients) and after 2 yr of euthyroidism after drug withdrawal (remission; 23 patients). Twenty seven patients were sequentially studied between M0 and M6, and M6 and M18. As compared to matched normal subjects, the mean proportion of OKT8 positive cells was significantly decreased in every group of patients, even in those in remission, and the mean OKT4/OKT8 cell ratios were increased in all groups except the patients in remission. However, OKT4/OKT8 cell ratios in individual M0 patients were widely distributed, being normal in 50%. No correlation was found between the proportions of T cell subsets and thyroid-stimulating antibody values, and the two measures varied independently in patients studied sequentially. OKT8 lymphocyte subset was dependent on HLA status. In DR3-positive patients, the mean OKT4/OKT8 cell ratio was high at all stages of the study; in DR3-negative patients it decreased significantly at M18 and was normal in those patients who had a remission. However, in the DR3-positive and -negative groups of patients, the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratios at M0 and at relapse were similar. In conclusion, the proportions of circulating OKT8 positive lymphocytes reflect only poorly the activity of the immune abnormalities in Graves' disease, but do correlate with HLA-DR3 status. PMID- 3484388 TI - Effect of myeloma IgE injections on passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. AB - The ability of injected rat IgE myeloma protein IR162 to inhibit passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in Lewis rats was investigated. IgE injected i.p. 24 hr before the sensitization with IgE anti-ovalbumin (OVA) completely inhibited both IgE- and IgG2a-induced passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reactions at a dose (2.5 mg/100 g body weight) that resulted in peak serum concentrations of 150 micrograms IgE IR162/ml. Peak IgE IR162 serum concentrations of 20 to 60 micrograms/ml inhibited the PCA reaction in approximately 50% of the rats. Intracutaneous injection of a mixture of myeloma IgE and anti-OVA IgE in a ratio of 100:1 or more also inhibited the PCA reaction. In contrast, the PCA reaction was not inhibited by seven daily doses of IgE beginning 24 hr after passive sensitization. Likewise, the cutaneous anaphylactic reaction elicited in rats 14 days after immunization with OVA and Bordetella pertussis was not prevented by daily injections of myeloma IgE despite a 1000- to 3000-fold excess of the myeloma IgE to anti-OVA IgE serum concentration. The data demonstrate that parenteral administration of myeloma IgE inhibits the PCA reaction only when given before passive sensitization and does not prevent cutaneous anaphylaxis in actively immunized rats. Because myeloma IgE failed to inhibit anaphylactic reactions in actively immunized rats, it is questionable whether administering human IgE-derived synthetic peptides or recombinant DNA-produced IgE fragments will be able to prevent allergic diseases by blocking the IgE Fc receptors on mast cells. PMID- 3484389 TI - Spontaneous production of a suppressor factor by the human macrophage-like cell line U937. I. Suppression of interleukin 1, interleukin 2, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in mouse thymocytes. AB - The human macrophage-like cell line U937 spontaneously produced a nondialyzable factor that inhibited interleukin 1 (IL 1), interleukin 2 (IL 2), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis in mouse thymocytes. The suppression by U937 supernatant factor occurred independently of the concentration of IL 1 or PHA, indicating that it was noncompetitive. The U937 suppressor factor was not cytotoxic for thymocytes, nor did it affect the spontaneous proliferation of T lymphoblastoid cell lines and U937. Physicochemical characterization showed that the U937 suppressor factor was nondialyzable, partially inactivated by heat treatment (56 degrees C), ammonium sulfate (67% saturation) precipitable, sensitive to pH 2.5, and resistant to freeze-thawing. Molecular weight of the factor inhibiting co-mitogenic IL 1 activity was approximately 85,000, as estimated by gel filtration. The U937 cell line may provide a model for the study of mechanisms and mediators of immunosuppression by mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 3484390 TI - Direct stimulation of monocyte release of interleukin 1 by mycobacterial protein antigens. AB - We examined stimulation of monocyte (MN) release of interleukin 1 (IL 1) by soluble microbial products. MN from tuberculin skin test nonreactive donors incubated with PPD (100 micrograms/ml) released IL 1 activity of 80.5 +/- 33.9 U/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 6), similar to that induced by optimal concentrations of LPS (76.4 U/ml). OKT3-reactive cells were not required for this process. PPD stimulated IL 1 release by MN did not appear to be due to endotoxin contamination, as 1) PPD contained 0.01% endotoxin, 2) MN incubated in LPS (0.1 micrograms/ml) produced 19.5 +/- 13.9 U/ml, significantly less than PPD (p = 0.03), and 3) addition of polymyxin B (12.5 micrograms/ml) abrogated IL 1 production in response to LPS (0.1 microgram/ml) but had no significant effect on PPD induction of IL 1. Antigen 5, a partially purified cytoplasmic antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, had similar IL 1-inducing effects. Arabinogalactan (a mycobacterial polysaccharide), streptolysin O, and tetanus toxoid did not. Thus, mycobacterial protein antigens directly stimulate MN to release IL 1. This property may be central to the response of the naive host to mycobacterial infection and may play a pathophysiologic role in tuberculosis. PMID- 3484391 TI - Biology of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. V. Recognition is restricted to gene products encoded by the viral S RNA segment. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong (ARM) strain-specific, H-2d restricted CTL effectively lyse syngeneic targets infected by LCMV ARM, but show reduced killing of LCMV Pasteur (PAST) strain-infected H-2d cells. We have reassorted the two RNA segments, large (L) and small (S), of LCMV ARM and PAST to generate LCMV with genotypes of L ARM/S PAST and L PAST/S ARM. By using these reassortants and both LCMV primary CTL and CTL clones, we report that the induction, recognition, and lysis of LCMV-specific CTL depend on the S RNA segment and the genes it encodes. PMID- 3484392 TI - Human peripheral blood B lymphocyte subpopulations: functional and phenotypic analysis of surface IgD positive and negative subsets. AB - Highly purified human peripheral blood B cells stimulated with Cowan I Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and mitogen-activated T cell supernatants (T supt) generated large numbers of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells (ISC), whereas fewer ISC developed in cultures containing T supt in the absence of SA. To determine whether surface Ig isotype expression defined responsive B cell subsets, IgD+ and IgD- B cells were prepared with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Whereas both the IgD+ and IgD- B cells responded to SA + T supt, only the IgD- subset generated substantial numbers of ISC in response to T supt alone. Analysis of secreted Ig revealed that IgG and IgA were the predominant isotypes secreted by IgD- B cells in response to T supt or SA + T supt. By contrast, the IgD+ cells secreted predominantly IgM in response to SA + T supt but not to T supt alone. When responsiveness to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was examined in the presence of supplemental T cells, the IgD- subset was found to be greatly enriched for responsive cells, and again, IgG and IgA were the predominant isotypes secreted, although these cells were also capable of secreting some IgM. The magnitude of the response induced by PWM from IgD- B cells was usually greater than that induced by SA + T supt. Although IgD+ B cells responded poorly to PWM, the differentiation of a small number of IgM-secreting cells was routinely stimulated by this polyclonal activator in the presence of T cells. The magnitude of the PWM response by IgD+ B cells was always greatly diminished compared with that stimulated by SA + T supt. Cell cycle analysis after acridine orange staining, cell volume measurement, and staining for expression of activation antigens (transferrin receptor and 4F2) indicated that the IgD- B cells were largely resting, but did contain a population of activated cells. Removal of activated 4F2+ cells from the IgD- subset diminished but did not abolish their capacity to generate ISC in response to SA + T supt or PWM in the presence of T cells. These results suggest that the IgD- population contains both an activated 4F2+ and a resting 4F2- subset. The data emphasize that multiple subpopulations of peripheral blood B cells contain precursors of ISC. Moreover, the responsiveness of the subsets to various stimuli and the Ig isotype subsequently secreted appear to be intrinsic features of each subset. PMID- 3484393 TI - Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. AB - We compared patients who received an internal-mammary-artery graft to the anterior descending coronary artery alone or combined with one or more saphenous vein grafts (n = 2306) with patients who had only saphenous-vein bypass grafts (n = 3625). The 10-year actuarial survival rate among the group receiving the internal-mammary-artery graft, as compared with the group who received the vein grafts (exclusive of hospital deaths), was 93.4 percent versus 88.0 percent (P = 0.05) for those with one-vessel disease; 90.0 percent versus 79.5 percent (P less than 0.0001) for those with two-vessel disease; and 82.6 percent versus 71.0 percent (P less than 0.0001) for those with three-vessel disease. After an adjustment for demographic and clinical differences by Cox multivariate analysis, we found that patients who had only vein grafts had a 1.61 times greater risk of death throughout the 10 years, as compared with those who received an internal mammary-artery graft. In addition, patients who received only vein grafts had 1.41 times the risk of late myocardial infarction (P less than 0.0001), 1.25 times the risk of hospitalization for cardiac events (P less than 0.0001), 2.00 times the risk of cardiac reoperation (P less than 0.0001), and 1.27 times the risk of all late cardiac events (P less than 0.0001), as compared with patients who received internal-mammary-artery grafts. Internal-mammary-artery grafting for lesions of the anterior descending coronary artery is preferable whenever indicated and technically feasible. PMID- 3484394 TI - The internal mammary artery: the ideal coronary bypass graft? PMID- 3484395 TI - Hemophilus influenzae bacteremia in a patient with immunodeficiency caused by HTLV-III. PMID- 3484396 TI - Reconstitution of natural-killer-cell activity in the newborn by interleukin-2. PMID- 3484397 TI - Multifocal abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract in AIDS. AB - On review of 63 barium sulfate examinations in 44 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 61% of the 23 single-contrast examinations and 98% of the 40 double-contrast examinations were abnormal. Abnormalities involved all areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and covered a wide spectrum of findings including thickened folds, nodularity, increased secretions, superficial erosions, ulcerations, plaque formation, and tumor mass. Abnormalities, when present, were most commonly multifocal (three or more sites) on upper GI study (64%) and barium enema (69%). Thirty-eight patients (86%) had at least one abnormal study; 27 of these patients had multifocal disease in either the upper or lower tract separately or combined. The most common site of abnormality was the duodenum on upper GI study and the sigmoid colon on barium enema. In 27 cases the radiographic abnormalities could be specifically correlated with a malignancy or an opportunistic infection by endoscopy, colonoscopy, culture, biopsy, or autopsy. Multifocal disease of the upper and/or lower GI tract, especially when the duodenum is involved, should suggest AIDS even in patients not thought to be at high risk for the disease. PMID- 3484398 TI - Value of intravenous contrast enhancement in the CT evaluation of intraspinal tumors. AB - The usefulness of intravenous contrast-enhanced CT in delineating intraspinal cord tumors has not been well documented. To determine if intradural spinal tumors enhance, if the location and type of tumor can be determined, and if a double dose of contrast material provides more information than a single dose, a retrospective study of 23 patients with proven intradural extramedullary or intramedullary tumors was performed. All the tumors studied with CT after intravenous contrast enhancement showed that most lesions (18/23) enhanced, contrary to published reports. Contrast-enhanced studies delineated the extent of the tumor, helping to separate solid and cystic components. The enhancement pattern of ependymomas and astrocytomas was similar, while schwannomas had a characteristic appearance. A double dose of intravenous contrast material had no apparent advantage over a single dose. PMID- 3484399 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast disease. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast was performed in 10 volunteers and 102 women with suspected breast disease, using a 0.35-T superconducting magnet. All patients had prior x-ray mammography. MRI was superior to mammography in differentiating solid from cystic lesions and equivalent to mammography in providing information regarding different parenchymal patterns. Of 21 surgically proven carcinomas of the breast, MRI correctly identified 18 and mammography identified 19. The major disadvantage of MRI is its inability to show calcifications, benign or malignant. Future studies will be needed to show the relative values of sonography and MRI in detecting small cysts. In addition, MRI in future should be able to demonstrate small, noncalcified masses in mammographically dense, fibrocystic breasts. PMID- 3484401 TI - Abdominal pseudoaneurysm arising from a true aneurysm: presentation as a pulmonary mass. PMID- 3484400 TI - Velopharyngeal insufficiency on videofluoroscopy: comparison of projections. AB - A prospective study of multiview videofluoroscopy was performed on 50 patients with clinically suspected velopharyngeal insufficiency to determine which views are helpful, so that radiation dosage might be reduced. The lateral view alone was insufficient: In 11 patients, velopharyngeal insufficiency was demonstrated on the basal or Towne view when the lateral view appeared normal. The Towne view demonstrated the velopharyngeal portal better than the basal projection when the adenoids were large. The basal view should be reserved for the few cases in which the Towne and lateral projections give insufficient information. PMID- 3484403 TI - Suture anchor for visceral drainage. PMID- 3484402 TI - Complications of intraarterial urokinase-lys-plasminogen infusion therapy in arterial ischemia of lower limbs. AB - Thirty-five patients with peripheral arterial occlusions were treated by intraarterial infusion of low-dose urokinase associated with bolus of lys plasminogen. Thrombolysis was achieved in 26 cases (74%), but only 10 patients (28.5%) experienced sustained improvement. Complications of thrombolysis occurred in 11 patients: Five patients developed groin hematoma, five had distal emboli, and one experienced macroscopic hematuria. Catheter-related thrombosis was observed in 14 patients (40%) despite intravenous heparin. Nine patients suffered from recurrent thrombosis and three from proximal emboli. A patient died from catheter-related infection. Limited fibrinolysis could increase pericatheter thrombosis, and further work will be necessary to assess the local risk of intraarterial thrombolysis. PMID- 3484404 TI - Modification of the Cope drainage catheter to facilitate placement. PMID- 3484405 TI - Need for precision in experimental design. PMID- 3484406 TI - The esophagus after endoscopic pneumatic balloon dilatation for achalasia. AB - The changes seen on contrast esophagrams after endoscopic pneumatic balloon dilation for the treatment of achalasia are described and illustrated. Sixteen patients had esophagrams within 24 hr after dilation and follow-up esophagrams were obtained 6-24 months later. The radiographic features evaluated in the early postdilation period included detection of esophageal perforation, diameter of the esophagogastric channel, proximal esophageal dilatation, mucosal integrity, and emptying dynamics of the esophagus. Fourteen patients (88%) had immediate symptomatic improvement of dysphagia. The mean increase in diameter of the esophagogastric channel was 6.5 mm (range, 4.8-9 mm) relative to a pretreatment esophagram. Emptying dynamics of the esophagus improved significantly in 12 patients (75%). One patient developed esophageal perforation requiring surgery. On the follow-up esophagrams obtained 6-24 months later, the evaluation was for sustained dilatation of esophagogastric channel, decrease in esophageal dilatation, and improved emptying dynamics of the esophagus. The effective esophagogastric channel diameter of 8-10 mm correlated well with improved clinical response in 88% of the patients. PMID- 3484407 TI - Serpiginous gastric erosions caused by aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - Erosive gastritis is a common disease, but no etiologic significance has been attributed to the size or shape of these gastric erosions. However, in 12 cases of erosive gastritis caused by aspirin (nine) and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (indomethacin, two; naproxen, one) double contrast upper gastrointestinal studies revealed incomplete linear and/or serpiginous erosions in the stomach. In nine cases, these distinctive erosions were clustered focally in the body of the stomach, on or near the greater curvature. All but one patient were symptomatic (epigastric pain, eight; upper gastrointestinal bleeding, two; nausea and vomiting, one), and marked clinical improvement occurred within several days after withdrawal of the offending agent. This experience suggests that incomplete linear or serpiginous erosions, particularly along the greater curvature of the stomach, should be strongly suggestive of aspirin- or other NSAID-induced gastritis. If recent ingestion of these drugs is confirmed, withdrawal of the offending agent should lead to a rapid clinical response in these patients. PMID- 3484408 TI - Coiled-spring sign of the cecum in acute appendicitis. AB - A concentric ring appearance of the cecal mucosa on a barium enema is a distinctive but nonspecific radiographic finding that has been termed the vortical, whirlwind, or coiled-spring sign. It can be caused by inversion of a postappendectomy stump and transient intussusception of the intact appendix in asymptomatic patients. The sign has also been reported with mucoceles, carcinoma, and endometriosis of the appendix, but there has been little mention of it in connection with acute appendicitis. The records of 18 patients with a coiled spring sign and nonfilling of the appendix were reviewed. Acute appendicitis was proven in 14 of 18. In five of these 14, this sign was the only finding accompanying nonfilling of the appendix. On review of 53 cases of pathologically proven acute appendicitis studied by preoperative barium enema, 14 had a coiled spring sign. The coiled-spring sign is nonspecific but can be produced by acute appendicitis, where it may be the only positive sign accompanying nonfilling of the appendix. PMID- 3484409 TI - MRI of the kidneys in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 3484410 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis: use of CT in distinguishing among possible causes. AB - Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF) often presents with characteristic clinical and urographic findings that suggest the diagnosis. However, malignant adenopathy may mimic this appearance. CT examinations of 10 patients with medial deviation of the ureters suggesting retroperitoneal fibrosis were reviewed. Six had idiopathic RF, two had perianeurysmal fibrosis, and two had malignant retroperitoneal adenopathy. The CT findings in idiopathic RF included a homogeneous mass enveloping the ureters, aorta, and inferior vena cava. The aortic aneurysm was easily seen in both patients with perianeurysmal fibrosis. In one of the two patients with malignant retroperitoneal adenopathy, the CT findings mimicked idiopathic RF. In the other patient, the nodes involved with metastatic melanoma caused significant anterior displacement of the aorta and inferior vena cava. This marked anterior displacement of the great vessels is not seen in idiopathic RF, and may be useful in differentiating these entities. PMID- 3484411 TI - Retrograde ureteral catheterization via the ileal conduit. PMID- 3484412 TI - Flank mass and hypertension. PMID- 3484413 TI - "Solid" mediastinal bronchogenic cyst: mineralogic analysis. PMID- 3484414 TI - Measurement of normal left heart dimensions using optimally oriented MR images. AB - In order to establish normal values for left heart dimensions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrocardiographically gated MRI was performed in 16 normal asymptomatic subjects using a whole-body 0.6-T superconducting magnet with a spin-echo pulse sequence and an echo delay (TE) of 30 msec. Images were oriented along the long and short axes of the left ventricle in planes similar to two-dimensional echocardiograms (2DE). Comparable 2DE images were obtained for validation of the MRI measurements. The following measurements of the left heart were made at end diastole and end systole in both long- and short-axis views using both techniques: left ventricular cavity diameters, interventricular septum and posterior wall thicknesses at chordal and mid-papillary-muscle levels, and anteroposterior mid-left-atrial diameter. There was good correlation between the two techniques in a total of 141 measurements (MRI = 0.94 2DE + 1.42, p less than 0.0001, r = 0.97) and in the individual measurements considered separately (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean values. MRI measurements obtained with the image planes oriented to the intrinsic axes of the heart are similar to those obtained by 2DE. These data provide normal values for measurements of the left heart using a standardized MRI technique. PMID- 3484415 TI - Critical evaluation of the radial head-capitellum view in elbow trauma. AB - The radial head-capitellum view, a radiographic projection of the elbow to show the lateral components, has been advocated for routine use in the investigation of acute elbow trauma. Retrospective and prospective studies in an Accident and Emergency Department were conducted to determine objective benefits in primary diagnostic rate and treatment. None were found, and thus it is suggested the view be for specialized use only when indicated. PMID- 3484416 TI - Trampoline fracture of the proximal tibia in children. AB - Seven children (aged 2-5 years) sustained fractures of the proximal tibial metaphysis while jumping on a trampoline with a heavier child or adult. Most impaction fractures were transverse and neither angulated nor displaced. None of the children developed permanent disability or impairment. Parents and physicians should be aware of the possible danger to small children while tandem jumping on a trampoline with a heavier partner. PMID- 3484418 TI - Primary ciliary dyskinesia with transverse colon carcinoma. AB - Primary ciliary dyskinesia, characterized by chronic airway infection, impaired fertility, and situs inversus in half the number of cases, was detected in a 58 year-old Japanese woman, along with carcinoma of the transverse colon. She was of complete situs inversus and subfertile and had chronic bronchitis and nasal polyposis. Ultrastructurally, the cilia of the nasal mucosa lacked dynein arms. This is the first documentation of this disease coupled with cancer. PMID- 3484417 TI - Negative bone scans of joints after aspiration or arthrography: experimental studies. AB - It has long been suspected anecdotally that needle aspiration or contrast arthrogram before bone scan may cause a false-positive bone scan. This dictum often directs the sequence of events in the clinical workup of joint disease, yet data to support or refute this are lacking. This study was undertaken to generate such data. Fifty-six joints in mature dogs were examined, including hips, knees, elbows, and shoulders. The joints were examined in pairs; one joint was injected with Conray 60 for an arthrogram, and the contralateral joint was injected with an equal volume of normal saline to simulate a joint aspiration. Confirmation of needle placement and injection into the joints was made with fluoroscopic and digital subtraction imaging. Numbers of attempts required for aspiration and quantity of contrast material extravasated were noted for each joint. Baseline 99mTc-HDP or 99mTc-MDP bone scans were done before the experimental joint aspirations, with follow-up scans at 24 and 96 hr. The scans showed no significant change from baseline after either needle aspiration or arthrogram. When the diagnostic workup suggests the need for such a procedure, it should be performed. In contradiction to popular belief, joint aspiration and/or arthrogram did not affect a subsequent bone scan. PMID- 3484420 TI - Bacterial pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Eighteen episodes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia were diagnosed in 13 patients among 336 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cared for at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center since 1979. Bacterial pathogens isolated in 16 of 18 episodes were Haemophilus influenzae in 8, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 6, group B streptococcus in 1, and Branhamella catarrhalis in 1. Eight episodes were presumed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia until cultures obtained at bronchoscopy confirmed a bacterial cause. Specific antibacterial therapy was curative in 16 of 18 episodes; 2 patients died. Given an estimated yearly incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia in the general population of 2.6/1000, 1.09 cases were expected in our patients with AIDS; we saw 6 (p = 0.001), for an attack rate of 17.9/1000. Bacteria associated with B-cell defects should be anticipated when formulating empiric antibiotic therapy, pending a definitive diagnosis, for pulmonary infiltrates in patients with AIDS. PMID- 3484419 TI - Resting and exercise electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with sex hormone use in women. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. AB - Prevalence rates for resting and exercise electrocardiographic abnormalities were determined according to the use or nonuse of oral contraceptives and exogenous estrogens in 1,919 women participants from 10 defined North American study populations of the Lipid Research Clinics Program. Among women 30-49 years of age, no significant differences in the prevalence of resting electrocardiographic abnormalities between oral contraceptive users and nonusers were seen after adjustment for age, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, alcohol, and obesity. Abnormal graded exercise electrocardiograms, however, were more prevalent among the oral contraceptive users (odds ratio = 2.7, p less than 0.05). Among women 50 years and older, a significant deficit of abnormal Q waves on resting electrocardiogram and nonsignificant excess of abnormal S-T segment responses to exercise were noted in estrogen users compared with nonusers. Possible sources of bias and the pathophysiologic implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3484421 TI - T-cell intestinal lymphoma associated with celiac sprue. AB - A patient with a long history of celiac sprue developed a pleomorphic intestinal lymphoma. Cell suspensions of tumor cells and immunoperoxidase labeling of cell surface antigens in frozen tissue sections clearly showed the lymphoma to be of T cell origin, despite the presence of other nontumor cells bearing enzyme markers of histiocytes. These findings may have important implications on the cellular origin of lymphomas developing in patients with celiac sprue. PMID- 3484422 TI - Relapsing polychondritis. Survival and predictive role of early disease manifestations. AB - To define the natural history of relapsing polychondritis, the probability of survival and causes of death were determined in 112 patients seen at one institution. By using covariate analysis, early clinical manifestations were identified that predicted mortality. The 5- and 10-year probabilities of survival after diagnosis were 74% and 55%, respectively. The most frequent causes of death were infection, systemic vasculitis, and malignancy. Only 10% of the deaths could be attributed to airway involvement by chondritis. Anemia at diagnosis was a marker for decreased survival in the entire group. There was an interaction between other disease variables and age in determining their impact on outcome. For patients less than 51 years old, saddle-nose deformity and systemic vasculitis were the worst prognostic signs. For older patients, only anemia predicted outcome. The need for corticosteroid therapy did not influence survival. PMID- 3484423 TI - Acute bacterial sinusitis. Minocycline vs amoxicillin. AB - The efficacy and safety of minocycline were compared with that of amoxicillin in the treatment of 58 patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. The most frequently isolated pathogens were streptococci, staphylococci, and Haemophilus influenzae. After therapy for a mean time of 11 days, clinical cure or improvement and bacterial eradication were evident in 100% of the patients treated with minocycline and in 95% of the patients treated with amoxicillin. Roentgenographic results indicated clearing or improvement in 91% of the minocycline recipients and in 70% of those who received amoxicillin. These differences between treatments were not statistically significant. A low incidence of generally mild adverse clinical experiences occurred in both treatment groups. Thus, minocycline and amoxicillin were equally safe and effective in the treatment of these patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. PMID- 3484424 TI - Cerebellopontine angle lipomas. AB - Lipomas of the intracranial vault are uncommon lesions. Rarely, lipomas of the cerebellopontine angle have been identified. The two cases of cerebellopontine angle lipomas reported herein brings the number of recorded cases to 13. PMID- 3484425 TI - Cytoskeleton organization is aberrantly rearranged in the cells of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia. AB - The organization of actin-containing microfilaments and vimentin-containing intermediate filaments has been investigated in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and normal B cells cultured in vitro under basal conditions and after induction with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In uninduced B-CLL cells, F-actin was predominantly associated with dot-shaped structures scattered over the ventral membrane representing spotty close contact adhesion sites analogous to "podosomes" described in other cell types. On TPA induction, podosomes became clustered in sharply defined areas sitting in the cell center beneath the nucleus. In some cells, long actin-containing protrusions appeared. In HCL cells, F-actin was associated with thin microvilli responsible for the "hairy" appearance; occasional cells showed scattered podosomes. On TPA induction, HCL cells sprouted long dendritic processes rich in submembraneous F actin, which made intertwined networks. Therefore, in both B-CLL and HCL cells, adhesion structures were present and the capacity for adhesion in vitro was marked, which might explain some peculiar clinical features of the diseases. Adhesion structures and adhesive properties never appeared in normal B cells. These data further support the notion that B-CLL and HCL, although clinically different, may share common biological features and suggest that in these disorders, cytoskeleton modifications may represent a hallmark of transformation. PMID- 3484426 TI - Analysis of T-cell receptor beta chain (T beta) gene rearrangements demonstrates the monoclonal nature of T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - We investigated the rearrangement patterns of the gene coding for the beta chain of the T cell receptor (T beta) in 11 patients with T-cell derived chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) and T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL). We found that all five cases of T-PLL, and five of six cases of T-CLL, displayed T beta-gene rearrangements, clearly establishing their monoclonal nature. Clonality could not be determined in one case of T-CLL where the T beta gene was found unrearranged. Our results demonstrate that the majority of cases of both clinically aggressive T-PLL and clinically indolent T-CLL are monoclonal. These results suggest that the analysis of T beta gene rearrangements represents a valid tool for the differential diagnosis and clinical monitoring of T-cell derived chronic lymphoproliferative diseases. PMID- 3484427 TI - Biosynthetic (recombinant) human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: effect on normal bone marrow and leukemia cell lines. AB - To examine the biologic properties of the molecule encoded by the human gene for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), we expressed the cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) in transfected monkey COS cells and purified the resultant protein. Purified biosynthetic human GM-CSF was added to cultures of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells in semisolid media, and the resulting colonies were characterized cytochemically. Non-adherent light-density bone marrow cells from healthy adult volunteers were maximally stimulated with GM-CSF (approximately 250 pmol/L, and four types of colonies were consistently identified by aspirating the individual colonies and staining with a triple stain for specific and nonspecific esterases and eosinophilic granules. Pure neutrophilic granulocyte (G), mixed granulocyte-macrophage (GM), pure macrophage (M), and pure eosinophil (EO) colonies were observed, the mean incidences on day 8 being 70%, 20%, 5%, and 5%, and on day 14, 7.5%, 16.6%, 50.9%, and 25.0%, respectively. In all types of colonies, complete maturation to segmented forms or typical macrophages was detected. GM-CSF did not enhance the growth of BFU-E from normal peripheral blood buffy coat cells in the simultaneous presence of erythropoietin alone or erythropoietin with purified erythroid-potentiating activity. GM-CSF stimulated HL-60 and KG-1 colony formation twofold and fivefold, respectively; consistent differentiation induction towards monocytic and eosinophilic lineages was observed in HL-60 but not in KG-1. These in vitro findings indicate that GM-CSF is a multilineage stimulator for progenitor cells of G, GM, M, and EO colonies. PMID- 3484429 TI - A monoclonal antibody reactive with human eosinophils. AB - EO-1, an IgGl murine monoclonal antibody raised against human eosinophilic leukemia cells, reacts with eosinophils, basophils, platelets, and a few (2%) mononuclear cells but not with neutrophils. In the bone marrow, mature and immature eosinophils and basophils express the EO-1 antigen, whereas immature myeloid cells do not. The distribution of EO-1 antigen on leukemic cells is concordant with this finding, ie, typical myeloid lines (HL-60, KG-1, and ML-1) and fresh acute myelogenous leukemia cells are all unreactive with EO-1. Immunoprecipitation of an extract from surface-131I-labeled platelets with EO-1 and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under reducing or nonreducing conditions, yielded a specific band of molecular weight 23,000. Previously described monoclonal antibodies reacting with eosinophils also recognize neutrophils. EO-1 is a unique antibody with specificity restricted to eosinophils, basophils, and platelets and might therefore be a valuable reagent for the study of their function and differentiation. PMID- 3484428 TI - Biologic properties in vitro of a recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rH GM-CSF) was purified to homogeneity from medium conditioned by COS cells transfected with a cloned human GM-CSF cDNA and shown to be an effective proliferative stimulus in human marrow cultures for GM and eosinophil colony formation. The specific activity of purified rH GM-CSF in human marrow cultures was calculated to be at least 4 X 10(7) U/mg protein. Clone transfer experiments showed that this proliferation was due to direct stimulation of responding clonogenic cells. Acting alone, rH GM-CSF did not stimulate erythroid colony formation, but in combination with erythropoietin, increased erythroid and multipotential colony formation in cultures of peripheral blood cells. rH GM-CSF had no proliferative effects on adult or fetal murine hematopoietic cells, did not induce differentiation in murine myelomonocytic WEHI-3B cells, and was unable to stimulate the survival or proliferation of murine hematopoietic cell lines dependent on murine multi-CSF (IL 3). rH GM-CSF stimulated antibody-dependent cytolysis of tumor cells by both mature human neutrophils and eosinophils and increased eosinophil autofluorescence and phagocytosis by neutrophils. From a comparison of these effects with those of semipurified preparations of human CSF alpha and -beta, it was concluded that rH GM-CSF exhibited all the biologic activities previously noted for CSF alpha. PMID- 3484430 TI - Stimulative effects of estrogens on tumor growth and 5 alpha-steroid production in a mouse Leydig cell tumor line (T 124958-R). AB - The effects of estrogens on the growth and enzyme activities for androgen synthesis in a mouse Leydig cell tumor line (T 124958-R) were studied. The s.c. implantation of a diethylstilbestrol pellet resulted in a marked enhancement of the tumor growth. 5 alpha-Reductase activity (nmol/g/h) in tumors rapidly grown in the presence of diethylstilbestrol pellet was 4 times higher than that in tumors slowly grown in the absence of diethylstilbestrol, whereas an inverse relation was found for 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity. 17 Hydroxylase activities were similar in both tumors. The major C21- and C19 steroids formed from progesterone by the tumors grown in the presence of estrogen were 5 alpha-steroids such as 3 alpha- or 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3 alpha, 17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, androsterone, and 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, whereas the major steroids formed by the tumors in the absence of estrogen were 4-ene-3-ketosteroids such as 20 alpha-hydroxy-4 pregnen-3-one, 17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione, and testosterone. Furthermore, 10(-8) M of 17 beta-estradiol added in serum-free medium for 10 days significantly enhanced 5 alpha-reductase activities per 10(6) cells but significantly inhibited 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in primary cell culture. These results indicate that estrogens stimulate the growth of T 124958-R in vivo and that estrogens may directly enhance 5 alpha-reductase activity but inhibit 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in T 124958-R cells. PMID- 3484431 TI - Antitumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in vivo: survival benefit and mechanisms of tumor escape in mice undergoing immunotherapy. AB - The studies described in this paper showed that the combination of i.v. transferred lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and i.p. injections of recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) was highly effective in vivo in reducing established pulmonary metastases of natural killer cell-resistant, MCA-105 sarcoma and B16 melanoma in mice. A 3-day in vitro incubation of normal C57BL/6 splenocytes in medium containing pure RIL-2 generated LAK cells that, when combined with RIL-2, reduced the mean number of established pulmonary micrometastases of the B16 melanoma and of the MCA-105 sarcoma from 179 and 140, respectively (in groups treated with Hanks' balanced salt solution alone), to 12 (P = 0.01) and 6 (P = 0.01), respectively. This combined immunotherapy also consistently resulted in significant prolongation of survival in mice with established, 3-day or 10-day pulmonary metastases of the MCA-105 sarcoma. Mice autopsied at time of death revealed a massive involvement of tumor in the lungs and liver in the group receiving Hanks' balanced salt solution alone compared to a small number of residual large lung or liver metastases in the group receiving LAK cells plus RIL-2. Experiments were designed to test whether variants existed in the original tumor cell inoculum that were resistant to killing by LAK cells and thus could account for the metastases that "escaped" the combined immunotherapy of LAK cells plus RIL-2 in vivo. Metastases of the MCA-105 sarcoma that escaped the combined therapy of LAK cells plus RIL-2 were dissected from the organs of mice upon autopsy and directly tested for susceptibility in vitro to lysis by LAK cells in 4-h and 18-h 51Cr release assays. Target cells derived from the metastases were lysed to an equivalent extent as those prepared from a fresh MCA-105 sarcoma that was growing s.c. In addition, successful reduction of pulmonary metastases established by the i.v. infusion of MCA-105 sarcoma cells obtained from metastases that escaped a prior round of therapy with LAK cells and RIL-2 could be achieved in vivo by the combined immunotherapy as well as by high doses of RIL-2 alone. Culture adapted, natural killer cell-resistant B16 melanoma cells surviving two successive treatments with LAK cells in vitro remained as susceptible to LAK cell lysis as untreated B16 melanoma cells in 18-h 51Cr release assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3484433 TI - Maturation of Rana temporaria and Acipenser stellatus oocytes induced by the cytoplasm of embryos at different cell cycle phases and at different stages of cleavage and blastulation. AB - Experiments involving injections of cytoplasm from the cleaving embryos of Rana temporaria and Acipenser stellatus into fully grown oocytes of the same species and of Xenopus laevis, show that at all mitotic phases, and throughout the period of synchronous cleavage divisions, the cytoplasm is characterized by high activity of the germinal vesicle breakdown factor. This activity decreases during nuclear division desynchronization and drops sharply after the mitotic index fall upon blastulation. Aside from germinal vesicle breakdown in the oocytes, the A. stellatus embryos' cytoplasm also induces development of a cortical reaction capacity. PMID- 3484432 TI - Generation of stable cellular phenotypes in a human malignant cell line conditioned by alterations in the cellular microenvironment. AB - Microenvironmental conditions may result in phenotypic changes of malignant cells and/or selection of preexisting variants with a growth advantage under the new growth conditions. The present study was initiated to evaluate the stability of changes in crucial cellular attributes as induced in vivo by nonimmunological mechanisms. Expression of major histocompatibility antigens, membrane immunoglobulin, in vitro growth rate, chromosome complement, and modal chromosome number were thus examined in a human B-lymphoma line (RH-L4) prior to and after short-term passage through the peritoneal cavity or spleen of newborn mice. Seven sublines (four from spleen and three from peritoneal cavity) of RH-L4 cells were established after the passage. These lines were found to differ phenotypically from the original line in respect to several or all of the attributes that were studied. These differences were stable for greater than 100 cell generations. Analyses of major histocompatibility complex Class II antigen expression indicated that the modulation of this antigen was independent of the immunological competence of the mice and unrelated to cell cycle-dependent variations. The emergence of the variant sublines seemed not to reflect a microenvironmentally determined selection of minority subpopulation in the original RH-L4 lymphoma line but, instead, induced by the growth conditions in the cellular microenvironment in the mouse. It is suggested that inductive processes may be of importance in the generation of phenotypic diversity within individual tumor cell populations, including the generation of phenotypic variants with high metastatic activity. PMID- 3484435 TI - Rapid determination of the p-aminobenzoic acid excretion index in urine without use of radioactivity. PMID- 3484434 TI - More on alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotyping. PMID- 3484436 TI - Concentration of glucocorticoid receptor sites in normal human lymphocytes. AB - We used a whole-cell glucocorticoid receptor assay to examine characteristics of the glucocorticoid receptor in the lymphocytes of normal human donors. We measured binding of [3H]dexamethasone to the lymphocytes of four different donors on several different occasions; the variation about the mean for the assays was +/- 15%. Whole-cell assays in 15 normal subjects showed a mean value of 6.18 fmol/10(6) cells or 3722 sites per cell, with a somewhat higher level in men (7.67 fmol/10(6) cells, or 4620 sites per cell) than women (4.48 fmol/10(6) cells, or 2698 sites per cell). We saw no correlation between donor age and receptor values, in either group. Assays in which we used [3H]prednisolone demonstrated similar binding properties as with [3H]dexamethasone. The mean glucocorticoid receptor value for normal human T-cells from three donors was 2.52 fmol/10(6) cells, or 1518 sites per cell. PMID- 3484437 TI - The IgG detected in the C1q solid-phase immune-complex assay is not always of immune-complex nature. AB - The properties of the solid-phase C1q immune-complex assay as well as the nature of the IgG detected by this assay in patients' sera were investigated. Aggregated IgG was used as a model for immune complexes. Aggregated IgG bound to solid-phase C1q was detected by 125I-anti-IgG. Fluid-phase C1q (either in normal human serum or purified) neither inhibited the binding of aggregated IgG to solid-phase C1q nor dissociated bound aggregated IgG from the solid-phase C1q. Therefore, we concluded that the solid-phase C1q has a higher affinity for aggregated IgG than the fluid-phase C1q, probably because of the polymerization of the solid-phase C1q. To get more insight into the nature of the IgG detected by the C1q solid phase assay in patients' sera, we investigated whether C4 and/or C3 were present on it. With the use of 125I-anti-C4 and 125I-anti-C3 instead of 125I-anti-IgG, C4 and C3, respectively, were easily detected on the aggregated IgG that had bound to the solid-phase C1q. The lower limit of detection of these assays was 30 micrograms aggregated IgG/ml of normal human serum. Sera of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were tested with these assays and, despite positive results with 125I-anti-IgG, no positive results were obtained with either 125I-anti-C4 or 125I-anti-C3. So, on the IgG detected by the C1q solid-phase assay in patients' sera, neither C4 nor C3 are present. Furthermore, in five of the six sera tested, this IgG sedimented as monomeric IgG. Therefore, it seems unjustified to refer to this IgG as circulating immune complexes. PMID- 3484438 TI - Decreased natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activities in intravenous drug abusers. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 adult male patients admitted to the hospital with complications of intravenous drug abuse (IDA) were examined for natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activities, lectin dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and interferon (IFN)- and interleukin 2 (IL-2) induced NK activity. Serum was also assayed for circulating interferon levels and soluble factor(s) capable of suppressing the cytotoxic potential of allogeneic lymphocytes from healthy donors. IDA patients demonstrated significantly decreased levels of NK and ADCC activities compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The lectin, phytohemagglutinin, could significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of IDA lymphocytes; however, activity was not completely restored to normal levels. IDA sera demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the NK and ADCC activities of normal allogeneic lymphocytes, and these sera contained negligible levels of circulating IFN. Although the NK activity of IDA lymphocytes could not be restored completely to normal levels by either IFN-alpha or IL-2, the percentage enhancement of cytotoxicity was remarkably higher in IDA patients with significantly reduced NK activity than that observed using PBL from patients with near normal NK activity. The ability of IFN or IL-2 to enhance the decreased cytotoxicity of PBL from drug abusers suggests a novel therapeutic approach to the management of the complications of IDA. PMID- 3484439 TI - Cyclosporin-A inhibits IL-2 production by all human T-cell clones having this function, independent of the T4/T8 phenotype or the coexpression of cytolytic activity. AB - Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that acts, at least in part, by blocking IL-2 release. Since IL-2-producing human T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their functional capabilities and surface phenotype, we investigated whether differences in sensitivity to CsA existed among different IL-2-producing T-cell clones. Preliminary dose/response experiments showed that 100 ng/ml CsA completely inhibited the PHA- or OKT3-induced IL-2 production by four representative T4+/T8- clones. On the other hand, this drug concentration had virtually no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CTL-L murine indicator cells to exogeneous IL-2. Clones were derived directly from peripheral blood by applying a microculture system that allows clonal expansion of essentially all T cells: under these experimental conditions growing clones are therefore highly representative of the starting T-cell populations. Among clones so derived, 28 were selected according to their capability to release IL-2 upon PHA stimulation. Six of such clones displayed cytolytic activity in a PHA-dependent assay against P815 murine target cells. CsA (100 ng/ml) abrogated IL-2 production of all clones, including those displaying cytolytic activity and expressing the T4-/T8+ phenotype. PMID- 3484441 TI - Characterization of the soluble immune complexes that are detected by three different techniques. AB - Three different tests which are based on different principles were used for the detection of soluble immune complexes (IC): (i) a PEG precipitation test, which is based on the solubility characteristics of IC; (ii) a solid-phase C1q binding assay, which is based on the complement binding property of IC, and uses peroxidase-linked anti-human IgG to detect the bound IC (C1q-ELISA); and (iii) the indirect granulocyte phagocytosis test (IGPT) which is based on the Fc R- and possibly the C3 R-binding of IC. Using heat-aggregated IgG (A-IgG) as a model for soluble IC all three tests showed a linear relation with the amount of A-IgG. The C1q-ELISA and the IGPT had a detection limit of less than 1 microgram/ml while the PEG test only detected quantities of more than 10 micrograms/ml. However, when using artificially produced soluble IC, which were prepared from human antibodies (ab) of different specificities and their respective antigens (ag) i.e., (i) tetanus toxoid, (ii) Helix pomatia hemocyanin (HPH), and (iii) dsDNA, and which consisted of the two components in a wide range of ag/ab ratios, distinct results were obtained with the three tests. Thus demonstrating that results obtained with A-IgG as a model for soluble IC can not simply be extrapolated to the behavior of real complexes in IC detection assays. No matter which ag was used, the composition of the IC, i.e., the ratio in which ag and ab were present, appeared to be the crucial factor for detectability in the different tests. The C1q-ELISA can detect IC over a wide range of ag/ab ratios, while it is particularly sensitive for IC formed in slight ag excess. The IGPT in contrast primarily detects, and is highly sensitive for, IC formed in ab excess. The PEG test appears to detect IC with freshly bound complement only. Another interesting finding has to be mentioned here: when increasing amounts of dsDNA were added to a SLE serum containing anti-DNA ab, the IC that had been detectable in the native serum with the IGPT completely disappeared, thus demonstrating that these complexes did consist of DNA and anti-DNA. PMID- 3484440 TI - HLA-B35 is associated with red cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease. AB - HLA-A, -B, -C, and DR antigens were determined in 33 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), who had received red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Twenty-one patients formed red cell alloantibodies after transfusions (responders) while 12 multitransfused SCD patients did not form any RBC antibodies (non-responders). We found that 67% of the SCD responder participants had HLA-B35 versus 25% of the non-responders (chi 2 = 5.3079, P = 0.0212). The frequency of B35 in non responder SCD patients was similar to that of a normal healthy Black population consisting of 139 individuals. Calculation of the relative risk showed that sickle cell patients with B35 are six times more likely to form RBC alloantibodies after transfusion than those lacking that HLA antigen. We found no significant increase or association between any HLA-DR antigens and sickle cell disease. PMID- 3484442 TI - Factor XII deficiency and von Willebrand's disease in a family of miniature poodle dogs. AB - The simultaneous occurrence of factor XII deficiency and von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is described in a family of Miniature Poodles affected concurrently with a familial non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Although there was a dominant distribution of factor XII deficiency in this family of dogs, only the dogs suffering from non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia had concurrent VWD gene expression. Neither the factor XII deficient dogs nor the VWD carrier dogs displayed bleeding tendencies. PMID- 3484443 TI - Incidence and mortality of adult respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective analysis from a large metropolitan hospital. AB - We examined the incidence and mortality of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients receiving emergency medical care at a large metropolitan medical center. The patients were classified into eight high-risk categories and monitored prospectively until discharge or death. Over a period of 12 months, 11,112 such patients entered the emergency room. Of 4926 who were admitted to the hospital acutely ill, 90 (2%) developed ARDS. Thirty-six percent of these survived. ARDS occurred in 25% of patients admitted with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and mortality in these patients was 86%. Aspiration pneumonia was the primary cause of ARDS in 37% of the patients, who also had a similar mortality rate (85%). Mortality was also high in patients with multisystem organ failure or with ARDS and disseminated intravascular coagulation. These results indicate that there probably is a relatively low incidence of ARDS among hospital patients admitted with high-risk diagnoses. PMID- 3484444 TI - Acute epiglottitis in children: a conservative approach to diagnosis and management. AB - We report a series of 60 children with epiglottitis, 42 who were admitted via our emergency room and 18 who were transferred to Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM) after initial airway management elsewhere. Patients managed entirely at CHM had lateral neck x-rays performed (diagnostic in each case), and underwent nasotracheal intubation in the operating room. There was no mortality or permanent morbidity in this group. Transferred patients were managed in a variety of ways at their referring institutions, sometimes without an artificial airway. Complications in this group included transient hypoxic encephalopathy (three children) and permanent severe encephalopathy (one child); four other children died. Blood cultures were positive for Hemophilus influenzae type b in 96% of the entire series. This study illustrates the importance of a consistent, well organized approach to the diagnosis and management of epiglottitis, the reliability of a lateral neck x-ray, the high incidence of H. influenzae bacteremia, and the efficacy of nasotracheal intubation for maintaining airway patency in this disease. PMID- 3484445 TI - Chronic nitrofurantoin reaction associated with T-lymphocyte alveolitis. AB - Nitrofurantoin use was associated with the development of severe interstitial lung disease which was characterized by bronchoalveolar lavage with a marked increase in lymphocytes to 60 percent (compared to normal of 7 +/- 1 percent). Lymphocytes were predominantly of the T-helper subset. Lavage may prove useful in the assessment of the immune response in drug-induced lung disease. PMID- 3484446 TI - Histiocytosis X. Unusual-confusing features of eosinophilic granuloma. AB - We report our experience with seven cases of eosinophilic granuloma in which unusual and/or confusing features were encountered. These features include: histologic confusion with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, eosinophilic pneumonia; cysts filled with air and/or fluid; radiographic onset in the eighth decade of life; intratracheal mass; and focal parenchymal consolidation. PMID- 3484447 TI - Gastric clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin under cimetidine perfusion. New test to detect protein-losing gastropathy? AB - Gastric losses of plasma are usually measured with radiolabeled macromolecules. This method is expensive and cumbersome. Direct measurement of exudated plasma proteins are ineffective since proteins are denaturated by acidic gastric juice and pepsin. It was recently shown that albumin measurement after immediate neutralization allowed detection of gastric protein losses, but this method is quite complex and time consuming. We studied alpha 1-antitrypsin and 51Cr-labeled protein clearance in gastric juice during normal saline and cimetidine (1.5 mg/kg/hr) infusion in six healthy volunteers and six patients with exudative gastropathy. alpha 1-Antitrypsin was measurable in all samples during cimetidine infusion: alpha 1-AT and 51Cr losses were significantly correlated (P less than 0.001). The upper limit of gastric alpha 1-AT clearance in controls was 0.86 ml/hr (mean + 2 SD). Using this value, there was no overlapping between patients and controls. The upper limit of 51Cr test was 1.87 ml/hr (mean + 2 SD) in controls but gastric clearance of 51Cr was below this value in one patient. This suggests that the measurement of alpha 1-AT gastric clearance during cimetidine perfusion is a good test to detect an exudative gastropathy. This test is inexpensive and lasts only 3 hr. PMID- 3484448 TI - [Corticotropin-releasing factor: practical application in clinical practice]. PMID- 3484449 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with chronic granulomatous inflammation. Clinically definable special form of the variable immunodeficiency syndrome]. AB - Five cases (3 men, 2 women) of late-onset variable immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID), characterized by similar clinical and immunological findings as well as histological demonstration of chronic granulomatous infection, are reported. All patients had frequent attacks of respiratory infections with recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia. In addition to predominating basally localized streaky-nodular lung changes all patients had hepatosplenomegaly and granulomatous infections of other organs. Immunologically, marked hypogammaglobulinaemia of all Ig classes, lymphopenia, and absence of terminal B-cell maturation were predominant. In-vitro tests under pokeweed-mitogen failed to demonstrate terminal plasma-cell differentiation of B-lymphocytes and thus Ig synthesis. Without pokeweed-mitogen there were largely nonsecretory B-blasts with abnormal granulated cytoplasmic Ig formation. Skin testing with Multitest application revealed almost complete anergy, both in the Arthus (24 h) and the late reactions (48 and 72 h). Nonetheless, T-cell reaction in-vitro was much less affected than B-cell function. "Natural killing" and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity were normal or slightly increased. PMID- 3484450 TI - Binding and internalization of epidermal growth factor in human term placental cells in culture. AB - Continuous labeling of primary cultures of human syncytiotrophoblasts with [125I]iodoepidermal growth factor (iodo-EGF) at 37 C revealed a progressive increase in intracellular EGF with 5% of total label observed in intracellular organelles at 2 min and 88% by 60 min. Detailed analysis by electron microscope radioautography showed a progressive transfer of [125I]iodo-EGF from microvillar processes to the bases of microvilli followed by uptake into vesicular and polymorphic endosomes as well as multivesicular bodies. Quantitative analysis revealed an association of radiolabel with the membrane of vesicular endosomes but more generally dispersed over the content of multivesicular bodies. Chloroquine (100 microM), colchicine (100 microM), and bacitracin (1 mg/ml) augmented EGF binding from 45% specific binding in control cultures to 60%, 60%, and 65% specific binding, respectively, with a majority of the ligand (72-83%) observed in vesicular and polymorphic endosomes as well as in multivesicular bodies, i.e. similar to controls. Functional studies indicated a significant enhancement of [14C]-3-O-methylglucose uptake by EGF. Chloroquine-treated cell cultures significantly augmented the stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose uptake by EGF. PMID- 3484451 TI - Evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro calcium-regulating actions of noncalcitonin peptides produced via calcitonin gene expression. AB - Recent studies of rat and human calcitonin (CT) gene expression have uncovered a diversity of secretory peptides. Here we report the results of testing two such non-CT secretory peptides for CT-like action in live rats and in cultured fetal rat long bone. One peptide, the carboxyl-terminal CT-adjacent peptide that is cosynthesized with CT, has no hypocalcemic effect and no inhibitory action on bone resorption in vitro. The other peptide, CT gene-related peptide, lowers blood calcium and inhibits bone resorption. In vitro experiments are consistent with the idea that CT gene-related peptide is acting at CT receptors in bone. PMID- 3484452 TI - Interleukin-1 has independent effects on deoxyribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis in cultures of rat calvariae. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a monokine known to be important in host defense mechanisms and recently reported to stimulate bone resorption, was studied for its effects on bone formation in cultures of 21-day-old fetal rat calvariae. IL-1 at 0.1-5 U/ml stimulated the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into acid-insoluble residues (DNA) by 29-123% in calvariae treated for 24-96 h. IL-1 also increased the bone DNA content and the number of mitoses after colcemid arrest. IL-1 stimulated total protein synthesis. Treatment with IL-1 at 0.01-1 U/ml for 24 h caused a small increase in the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and non-collagen protein (NCP). However, higher doses of IL-1 (5 U/ml) or longer exposure to the agent (1 U/ml for 96 h) inhibited the labeling of CDP but not of NCP. IL-1 affected only type I collagen. The stimulatory effects of IL-1 on DNA, CDP, and NCP labeling were independent, since they were observed at different doses, and hydroxyurea abolished the effect on DNA without changing that on CDP and NCP labeling. Indomethacin blocked the stimulatory effect on CDP and NCP labeling, suggesting a prostaglandin-mediated effect, but did not change the IL-1 effect on DNA synthesis. These studies indicate that IL-1 stimulates calvarial DNA, collagen, and NCP synthesis, but exposure of the calvariae to high IL-1 doses or to IL-1 for prolonged periods of time results in an inhibition of collagen synthesis. PMID- 3484453 TI - Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis of DNA degradation characteristic of two types of cell death. AB - By flow cytometry it has been shown that in rat thymocytes dying upon gamma irradiation the reduction in DNA content per cell occurs well before the increase in outer membrane permeability. In contrast, in irradiated Burkitt's lymphoma cells the disturbance of plasma membrane permeability precedes the decrease of DNA content. Genome degradation in dying thymocytes of irradiated or hydrocortisone-treated rats is accounted for by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Postirradiation DNA cleavage in the 3 investigated cell cultures is disorderly and is probably caused by the activation of hydrolases in dead cells. PMID- 3484454 TI - Influence of opiates on alkali secretion by amphibian gastric and duodenal mucosa in vitro. AB - Experiments were performed to study the effects of opiates on gastric and duodenal alkali secretion in amphibian mucosa in vitro. Alkali secretion by fundic mucosa of Rana temporaria, or antral mucosa of Rana catesbeiana, was unaffected by morphine, methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin, two enkephalin analogues, or the opiate antagonist naloxone. Acid secretion by fundic mucosa in vitro was not influenced by 10(-5) and 10(-4) M morphine, or by 10(-7) to 10(-5) M naloxone. However, duodenal alkali secretion in Rana catesbeiana was stimulated by opiates while the electrical potential difference was unaffected. Morphine stimulated secretion, maximally at 10(-5) M, by 33% over basal values, 30 min after exposure to the drug, whereas the maximal response to methionine enkephalin occurred at 10(-6) M and was obvious within the first 15 min after administration. The effects of these opiates were prevented by pretreatment with naloxone or with the more specific opiate receptor antagonist ICI 154129. The response to morphine was inhibited when bicarbonate in the nutrient-side solution was replaced by the impermeant anion HEPES or by removal of chloride from the bathing media. Furosemide (10(-3) M) also inhibited the response of duodenal mucosa to morphine. The nerve-blocker tetrodotoxin (10(-7) M) prevented the morphine-induced response. These data suggest that opiates can stimulate duodenal alkali secretion, probably by activating an electrically neutral Cl-/HCO3- exchange. It seems likely that the effect of opiates is mediated by a neurologic intermediary, and the results suggest the possibility that duodenal alkali secretion may be under some neurologic control. PMID- 3484455 TI - Prevalence and "incidence" of celiac disease in Edinburgh and the Lothian region of Scotland. AB - After review of hospital records and jejunal biopsy sections, 703 cases of celiac disease, including 74 cases with dermatitis herpetiformis, were identified in Edinburgh and the Lothian region up to December 31, 1979. Of these, 469 were resident in Lothian, resulting in an overall prevalence of 50/100,000 in men and 74/100,000 in women. The prevalence in men showed no significant variation with age, whereas in women age-specific prevalence varied markedly, with a peak of 126/100,000 at ages 35-44 yr and a low of 28/100,000 at ages 45-54 yr. This variation could not readily be explained, although reduced case ascertainment among women born between 1925 and 1934 could be the basis of a modest cohort effect. There was no evidence that migration or increased mortality at particular ages might be alternative explanations. In children the incidence of celiac disease, as measured by cumulative prevalence with age, increased more than twofold between 1960 and 1975, but since 1976 it has fallen sharply. The fall in incidence in children and the unexplained variations in prevalence in women provide epidemiologic evidence for the role of environmental factors other than gluten ingestion in the etiology of celiac disease. PMID- 3484457 TI - Can epidemiology help us prevent celiac disease? PMID- 3484456 TI - Pancreolauryl and NBT-PABA tests. Are serum tests more practicable alternatives to urine tests in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? AB - Serum fluorescein and p-aminobenzoic acid were measured during a urine pancreolauryl and an N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (NBT-PABA) test in 22 healthy controls, 17 patients with gastrointestinal nonpancreatic diseases (normal secretin-pancreozymin test), and 31 patients with abnormal exocrine pancreatic function due to chronic pancreatitis. The optimal cutoff point for separating normal from abnormal pancreatic function was after 210 min in the pancreolauryl test and after 150 min in the NBT-PABA test. The latter test was slightly less sensitive and specific than the pancreolauryl test. Serum tests seem to offer a practicable alternative to the established indirect pancreatic function tests in urine and may be used in the elderly and severely ill, as well as in outpatients in whom correct collection of the urine may be difficult. PMID- 3484458 TI - A defined fragment of bacterial protein I (OmpF) is a polyclonal B-cell activator. AB - Protein I from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae is a potent mitogen and polyclonal B-lymphocyte activator. To determine the part of the polypeptide responsible for biological activity, we cleaved the molecule into defined polypeptide fragments of approximate molecular weights 24,000, 15,000, 9,000, 7,000, and 3,000 by using the cyanogen bromide method. The fragments were purified by gel permeation chromatography and by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were investigated for mitogenicity and for the induction of immunoglobulin synthesis in lymphocyte cultures from several inbred mouse strains. The fragment of molecular weight 24,000 turned out to be a potent polyclonal B-lymphocyte activator comparable to native protein I. The low-molecular-weight fragments exhibited only marginal effects. Neither purified T lymphocytes nor thymocytes were activated. Our results show that a defined fragment of protein I is responsible for its lymphocyte-stimulating activity. PMID- 3484460 TI - Acquired resistance towards immune defense during metastatic progression represents a secondary phenomenon. AB - The role of natural immune defense in the control of metastatic spread of tumor cells was evaluated by adapting an s.c.-grown, antigenic, but non-immunogenic rat fibrosarcoma (Bsp6S) to ascitic growth (BSp6A) in the strain of origin (BDX), where peritoneal cells display a high level of NK and macrophage activity. Parallel tests were performed to determine whether tumor cells can selectively adapt to non-specific immune defense, i.e. whether antigenicity of the non immunogenic tumor remains unaltered, and whether this is accompanied by metastatic progression. During adaptation to ascitic growth the tumor line gradually lost susceptibility to NK cells and macrophages. This was due to the appearance of an increasing number of resistant clones (BSp6S, none; BSp6A, 50% of clones), which had lost binding structures for NK cells and macrophages. No alteration could be observed in antigenicity of the BSp6A variant as revealed by clonal analysis using LD of CTL. Neither BSp6S nor BSp6A cells metastasized. When the ascitic variant was retransplanted s.c. (BSp6AS), susceptibility to NK cells and macrophages was further decreased, in the sense that all clones of the BSp6AS variant became resistant. Furthermore, the BSp6AS variant had lost some of the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) found on BSp6S and A variants. More important, upon s.c. transplantation BSp6AS regularly metastasized to the draining LN, contrary to BSp6S and BSp6A. When locally growing tumors were excised, rats implanted with BSp6AS frequently died with metastatic tumor burdens in LNs and lung, while other animals survived after excision of BSp6S or BSp6A. The data indicate a correlation between resistance to lysis, morphology and metastatic capacity. But the initial loss of susceptibility to NK cells and macrophages during adaptation to ascitic growth, which can be considered as an escape mechanism, was not accompanied by increased metastatic capacity. Hence, we suppose that with respect to metastatic progression of the BSp6AS variant, resistance to lysis by loss of binding structures represents only a secondary, but not a causative, element. PMID- 3484461 TI - Cytotoxic T-cell precursors against non-immunogenic rat tumors: limiting dilution analysis. AB - After in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with syngeneic tumor cells in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2), a cytotoxic T-cell response was observed against these spontaneously arising BDX tumors, which are non-immunogenic in the syngeneic host. The response was due to cytotoxic T-cells (CTL), which were specific for syngeneic tumor cells, i.e. neither syngeneic lymphoblasts, allogeneic lymphoblasts, allogeneic tumor cells, nor NK targets were lysed. The frequencies of anti-tumor lymph-node (LN) and spleen CTL precursors (CTLp) against a panel of syngeneic tumors of different histology varied between 1/6,000 and 1/16,000. Further analysis of the reactivity pattern of anti-tumor CTL revealed some degree of cross-reactivity within the syngeneic system. By a limiting dilution (LD) split culture approach in combination with cold target (CT) inhibition, it could be shown that tumors carry a panel of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Some tumors express individually specific as well as cross reactive TAAs, while others carry cross-reactive TAAs only. PMID- 3484459 TI - Antigenic and phenotypic variations of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipopolysaccharide and their relationship to virulence. AB - Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strains NO100 and COL10 were found to produce bacteremia in infant rats at a much lower frequency than other Hib strains previously tested. These relatively avirulent strains were the only Hib strains among 200 clinical isolates examined to date which failed to react with two Hib lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). LPS analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that strains NO100 and COL10 possessed LPS which migrated faster than the LPS of Hib strains that reacted with one of the two or with both of these MAbs. These observations suggested that the relative lack of virulence of strains NO100 and COL10 might be related to their unusual LPS phenotype. To determine whether alteration of LPS structure would affect the virulence of these strains, we identified and isolated isogenic LPS antigenic variants of strains NO100 and COL10 using the LPS-specific MAbs 4C4 and 5G8 in a colony blot radioimmunoassay. Antigenic variation of LPS was found to occur spontaneously in these two strains at a relatively high frequency in terms of both acquisition and loss of MAb reactivity (ca. 0.2 to 16.7%). LPS antigenic variants of strains NO100 and COL10 reactive with both MAbs 4C4 and 5G8 (4C4+ 5G8+) were more virulent in the infant rat model than their respective 4C4- 5G8- parental strains (P less than 0.01). An antigenic variant of COL10 reactive with only MAb 4C4 (4C4+ 5G8-) was also significantly more virulent than its 4C4- 5G8- parent. These LPS antigenic variants with increased virulence synthesized altered LPS molecules which possessed apparent molecular weights higher than those of the LPS of the parental strains. Increased resistance of strain NO100 to the bactericidal activity of normal infant rat serum was associated with changes in LPS structure, while strain COL10 and its LPS variants were all uniformly resistant to serum bactericidal activity. Our results demonstrate that (i) spontaneous antigenic and phenotypic variation of LPS occurs at a relatively high frequency in some strains of Hib; (ii) the higher-molecular weight type of LPS is associated with the full expression of Hib virulence; (iii) LPS phenotype may not correlate with Hib serum resistance; and (iv) serum resistance of Hib is not an accurate indicator of virulence. PMID- 3484462 TI - Kinetics of the effect of ara C on chromosome aberration yield in irradiated human lymphocytes. AB - In unstimulated lymphocytes the enhancing effect of ara C on the yield of X-ray induced dicentric aberrations was maximal if ara C was added immediately or up to 2 h after irradiation. When ara C was added later the enhancing effect decreased and practically vanished by 5 h. In stimulated lymphocytes the ara C effect declined faster and practically vanished by 3 h. If ara C was added for 1 h immediately after irradiation, then the aberration yield observed in G0, early G1 and late G1 cells was similar whereas it increased significantly from G0 to late G1 cells without ara C post-treatment. The results are discussed in relation to the classical model of aberration formation. PMID- 3484463 TI - Absence of late effects on survival and developmental abilities of pachytene oocytes X-irradiated during neonatal stages in the Chinese hamster. AB - In neonatal Chinese hamsters, all oocytes on day 0 after birth are at pachytene and ovarian X-irradiation with 1 Gy causes no acute oocyte killing. The same treatment on day 4, however, kills all diplotene-dictyate oocytes within 48 h, and consequently only a small number of pachytene oocytes survives. We investigated late effects of X-rays on the pachytene oocytes in relation to the reproductive capacity of irradiated females. There was no difference between the 0-day irradiated females and the controls with respect to the age of sexual maturation, fertility span and the rate of age-dependent reduction in the number of oocytes due to follicular atresia. On the other hand, the 4-day irradiated females showed a marked delay in sexual maturation and a very precocious cessation of oestrous cycles. However, the degeneration of the surviving oocytes was not accelerated. Fertility tests on day 18.5 of gestation revealed that there was no difference between both irradiated groups and the controls with respect to the mean number of corpora lutea and to the occurrence of dead and abnormal conceptuses. These results indicate clearly that pachytene oocytes were not affected at all by either acute or late effects of X-rays although the dose was high enough to kill diplotene-dictyate oocytes completely. PMID- 3484464 TI - Biophysical mechanism of radiation damage to mammalian cells by X- and gamma rays. AB - Published information on the reproductive death in mammalian cells irradiated by a wide range of X- and gamma-ray energies has been re-analysed to extract intrinsic efficiencies of damage for the secondary electrons in transient equilibrium. On a log-log plot, a linear dependence on the track average l.e.t. and the average specific primary ionization is found, indicating that either serves as a good quality parameter. The soft X-ray data are consistent with this conclusion. Upon comparison with data for fast heavy ion irradiations, the average specific primary ionization is shown to be applicable independently of radiation type whereas track average l.e.t. is not. Furthermore it is revealed that electrons are most damaging near the end of their range but their efficiency is only about 10-20 per cent of that of fast ions at the same quality, possibly due to the influence of multiple scatter on the electron penetration depth. It is deduced that, for the dose rates involved, the damage by electrons is predominantly by intra-track action and not inter-track action. The results are consistent with the suggestion that optimum damage occurs when the mean free path between ionizations is equivalent to the strand separation in the double-stranded DNA. PMID- 3484465 TI - Evidence for a constant repair capacity over 20 fractions of X-rays. AB - The response of mouse skin to small X-ray doses (less than or equal to 4.5 Gy) has been studied using gross skin reactions to obtain dose response curves. In order to study such small doses without giving a very prolonged series of fractions, the 'top-up' or partial tolerance design of experiment has been used. Eight or twenty priming fractions of X-rays have been 'topped up' with graded single doses of 3 MeV neutrons to bring the sub-threshold X-ray damage into the measurable range. By this means the effect of the same dose could be studied, when given either 8 or 20 times. The data were analysed to see whether each fraction was equally effective in the long or short fractionation schedules. The effectiveness remained constant, showing no significant loss of the repair capacity as the fractionation schedule proceeded. PMID- 3484466 TI - A cautionary note on the use of ionization chambers for radiation dosimetry in different gas mixtures. PMID- 3484467 TI - Oxygen as a radiosensitizer: methods of analysis. PMID- 3484468 TI - Radiosensitivity of the B16 melanoma is not significantly influenced by melanin content. PMID- 3484469 TI - Disposal of radioactive waste. Can it be done safely? PMID- 3484470 TI - Radiation risks to the individual in utero. Report of a scientific symposium: radiation risks to the developing nervous system. PMID- 3484471 TI - Radioprotective effect of cysteamine in glutathione synthetase-deficient cells. AB - The radioprotective role of endogenous and exogenous thiols was investigated, with survival as the end-point, after radiation exposure of cells under oxic and hypoxic conditions. Human cell strains originating from a 5-oxoprolinuria patient and from a related control were used. Due to a genetic deficiency in glutathione synthetase, the level of free SH groups, and in particular that of glutathione, is decreased in 5-oxoprolinuria cells. The glutathione synthetase deficient cells have a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio (1.5) compared to control cells (2.7). The radiosensitivity was assessed for both cell strains in the presence of different concentrations of an exogenous radioprotector:cysteamine. At concentrations varying between 0.1 and 20 mM, cysteamine protected the two cell strains to the same extent when irradiated under oxic and hypoxic conditions. The protective effect of cysteamine was lower under hypoxia than under oxic conditions for both cell strains. Consequently, the oxygen enhancement ratio decreased for both cell strains when cysteamine concentration increased. These results suggest that cysteamine cannot replace endogenous thiols as far as they are implicated in the radiobiological oxygen effect. PMID- 3484472 TI - Anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit. AB - Anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis was studied in rabbits following intravitreal injection of live Fusobacterium necrophorum. Clinical response, bacterial recovery, and histopathology were studied. An inoculum of approximately 50 organisms produced endophthalmitis in 59% of injected eyes, while 1000 or more organisms produced endophthalmitis in 100% of injected eyes. The course and severity of disease seemed to be independent of the concentration of bacteria above a minimal inoculum size. Affected eyes showed progressive endophthalmitis. Histopathologic changes corresponded to the clinical gradation of endophthalmitis, including progressive retinal necrosis. PMID- 3484473 TI - Immunohistochemical study of the local inflammatory response to chlamydial ocular infection. AB - Immunohistochemical staining of conjunctival biopsies from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was performed after they received a single primary ocular infection, a single secondary challenge infection, or repeated ocular inoculations with Chlamydia trachomatis. T cells of the suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8F) phenotype predominated regardless of the infection protocol, and perifollicular T lymphocytes of both the suppressor/cytotoxic and helper (OKT4A) phenotypes appeared in large numbers during the peak inflammatory reaction. In repeatedly inoculated monkeys, T cells and follicles persisted until cessation of reinfection. IgM-bearing B lymphocytes comprised the majority of cells within follicles, with smaller numbers of IgG- or IgA-positive B cells. The major difference in the response to the various infection protocols was the increased number and persistence of follicles with repeated reinoculation. The finding of large numbers of T-suppressor/cytotoxic and T-helper cells in the infected conjunctiva supports a role for cell-mediated immunity in the local response to C. trachomatis ocular infection. PMID- 3484474 TI - Experimental immunogenic granuloma of the orbit: transfer of granulomatous hypersensitivity with a subset of T lymphocytes. AB - An experimental model to investigate orbital granuloma formation in inbred rats was established. Animals sensitized to trinitrophenyl ovalbumin (TNP-OA) and challenged retro-orbitally with TNP-OA covalently linked o Sepharose 4B beads specifically developed a granulomatous response. This granulomatous reactivity was passively transferred into normal animals by lymph node cells, but not by serum antibody from sensitized donors. Lymphocytes which transfer granuloma formation in normal recipients were characterized by cell fractionation and membrane marker analysis. These experiments show that the effector cells capable of transferring granulomatous hypersensitivity are enriched in the lower density fractions on discontinuous Percoll gradients. These cells are lymphoblasts and express the W3/25 helper T lymphocyte marker. It was also demonstrated that lymphoid cells from sensitized donors in the higher density Percoll fraction appear to be incapable of adoptively transferring granulomatous responsiveness directly to normal recipients. However, incubation of these high density lymphocytes with specific antigen resulted in marked enhancement of their ability to transfer the disease. Antigen-induced activation also resulted in an increase in both lymphoblasts and the W3/25 marker. The authors conclude, therefore, that a subset of T cells which are lymphoblasts and express the helper-cell marker is responsible for granuloma formation in sensitized animals and is capable of transferring orbital granuloma formation to non-sensitized normal recipients. PMID- 3484475 TI - Ferrochelatase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: substrate specificity and role of sulfhydryl and arginyl residues. AB - Purified ferrochelatase (protoheme ferrolyase; EC 4.99.1.1) from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was examined to determine the roles of cationic and sulfhydryl residues in substrate binding. Reaction of the enzyme sulfhydryl residues with N-ethylmaleimide or monobromobimane resulted in a rapid loss of enzyme activity. Ferrous iron, but not porphyrin substrate, had a protective effect against inactivation by these two reagents. Quantitation with 3H-labeled N ethylmaleimide revealed that inactivation required one to two sulfhydryl groups to be modified. Modification of arginyl residues with either 2,3-butanedione or camphorquinone 10-sulfonate resulted in a loss of ferrochelatase activity. A kinetic analysis of the modified enzyme showed that the Km for ferrous iron was not altered but that the Km for the porphyrin substrate was increased. These data suggested that arginyl residues may be involved in porphyrin binding, possibly via charge pair interactions between the arginyl residue and the anionic porphyrin propionate side chain. Modification of lysyl residues had no effect on enzyme activity. We also examined the ability of bacterial ferrochelatase to use various 2,4-disubstituted porphyrins as substrates. We found that 2,4-bis-acetal- and 2,4-disulfonate deuteroporphyrins were effective substrates for the purified bacterial enzyme and that N-methylprotoporphyrin was an effective inhibitor of the enzyme. Our data for the ferrochelatase of R. sphaeroides are compared with previously published data for the eucaryotic enzyme. PMID- 3484476 TI - Integration of the bacteriophage HP1c1 genome into the Haemophilus influenzae Rd chromosome in the lysogenic state. AB - Restriction fragments hybridizing to phage HP1c1 DNA were identified in digests of DNA from lysogenic strains of Haemophilus influenzae. The results showed that the cohesive ends of the mature phage DNA were joined in lysogens and that the phage genome was covalently linked to the host DNA, indicating that lysogeny involves recombination between specific sites on the phage and host chromosomes. The site on the phage chromosome at which this recombination occurred was between 110 and 750 base pairs of the left end on the mature phage genome. PMID- 3484477 TI - Plasmid-to-plasmid recombination in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - No recombination between plasmids was observed after conjugal transfer of a plasmid into a cell carrying another plasmid. Two types of such recombination took place after transformation, one type being Rec+ dependent and suggesting a preferred site of recombination. The other much rarer type was at least partially Rec+ independent. PMID- 3484478 TI - The epidermal growth factor-induced calcium signal in A431 cells. AB - Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to human A431 cells causes a 2-4-fold increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) as measured by quin-2 fluorescence. The EGF effect is rapid but transient: [Ca2+]i reaches a maximum within 30-60 s and then returns to its resting value (182 +/- 3 nM) over a 5-8 min period. The EGF-induced [Ca2+]i rise is completely dependent on extracellular Ca2+, is abolished by La3+ and Mn2+, and is not accompanied by changes in membrane potential (mean values of -64 mV). Serum also elicits a transient [Ca2+]i rise in A431 cells, but this response is not dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate completely inhibits the EGF- and serum-induced increases in [Ca2+]i without affecting basal [Ca2+]i levels. Our results, together with previous 45Ca2+ uptake data (Sawyer, S. T., and Cohen, S. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6280-6286), suggest that while serum factors trigger the release of Ca2+ from internal stores, EGF acts by opening a voltage-independent Ca2+ channel in the plasma membrane. The data further suggest a role for protein kinase C in attenuating the Ca2+ mobilizing mechanisms of EGF and serum. PMID- 3484479 TI - Studies of structure-activity relationships of human interleukin-2. AB - Human interleukin-2 (IL-2) has 3 cysteine residues; cysteines 58 and 105 form an intramolecular disulfide bridge, whereas cysteine 125 has a free sulfhydryl group. In this study, site-specific mutagenesis has been used to modify the cysteine residues of recombinant Escherichia coli-derived IL-2 (rIL-2) to evaluate the functional structure of IL-2. Substitution or deletion of cysteine 105 disrupted the disulfide bridge and yielded a mutant protein which was 8-10 times less active than wild type rIL-2. A similar modification at position 58, however, reduced the activity of rIL-2 by more than 250-fold. Although substitution of serine for cysteine 125 did not affect IL-2 activity, deletion of cysteine 125 or deletion of amino acids in the vicinity of this cysteine yielded mutant proteins with little, if any, activity. These results indicate that the protein structure in the vicinity of both positions 58 and 125 is more critical than that close to position 105. These findings may provide a clue to the understanding of the functional structure of human IL-2. PMID- 3484480 TI - Multiple red cell ferritin mRNAs, which code for an abundant protein in the embryonic cell type, analyzed by cDNA sequence and by primer extension of the 5' untranslated regions. AB - Ferritin maintains iron in a bioavailable, nontoxic form for vertebrates and invertebrates, higher plants, fungi, and bacteria; the protein is formed from two classes of subunits (H and L) in ratios which vary in different cell types. Ferritin may be an abundant, differentiation-specific protein or a "housekeeping" protein. The red cells of embryos are specialized for iron storage and have abundant ferritin; iron regulates the synthesis of ferritin in such cells translationally by recruitment of stored, ferritin mRNA and by translational competition. To characterize mRNA regulated in such a manner, we prepared cDNA from reticulocytes of bullfrog tadpoles, a readily available source of embryonic red cells; moreover, no protein sequence information was available for nonmammalian ferritin. An almost full-length (817 base pairs) cDNA (pJD5F12) was isolated and sequenced, the 5' end was analyzed by primer extension, and the cloned DNA was used as a hybridization probe. We have shown that ferritin mRNA is stored in the cytoplasm and that the 5' end of the mRNA is heterogeneous. The 5' untranslated region of ferritin mRNA consisted of 143 nucleotides in the major (65%) species and 146 or 152 in the minor species (approximately 17% each). (Heterogeneity is characteristic of some other abundant mRNAs, e.g. globin, which is also translationally regulated.) Since excess iron had no detectable effect on the heterogeneity of the 5' end of ferritin mRNA, the feature is more likely associated with mRNA abundance and/or cell specialization than translational control. In the bullfrog, as in humans and rats, ferritin is encoded by multiple genomic sequences (four to eight) which specify proteins of considerable homology. For example, 75 of the 81 amino acids present in all mammalian ferritins sequenced are also present in the frog; the overall homology between frogs and humans or rats is 59-66%. Ferritin H and L subunits in humans are distinct (overall homology 56%) and appear to have diverged from a common precursor relatively recently. In contrast, ferritin H and L subunits have high homology in tadpole red cells, determined by hybrid select translation, which suggests that bullfrog red cell ferritin may be close to the primordial sequence. PMID- 3484481 TI - Cyclosporine A, an in vitro calmodulin antagonist, induces nuclear lobulations in human T cell lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - Cyclosporine A is a noncytotoxic, natural, 11 amino acid cyclic peptide used clinically as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection after transplantation. Cyclosporine A is an in vitro calmodulin antagonist. At the low concentrations required to inhibit calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase in vitro, cyclosporine A causes a dramatic alteration in the nuclear morphology of 23% of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in vitro without loss of viability. The shape of the nucleus changes from ovoid to a distinctive, radially splayed lobulated structure. The changes occur in a dose-dependent manner in 60 min at 37 degrees C. Specific monoclonal antibodies to human leukocytes identify the cells susceptible to nuclear lobulation by cyclosporine A as OKT4 antigen positive T cell lymphocytes and monocytes. The lobulated nuclei are 2N as determined by flow cytometric measurement of ethidium bromide fluorescence of DNA. The cyclosporine A-induced lobulation of T cell nuclei requires both physiologic temperature and metabolic energy. Although structurally different than cyclosporine A, the calmodulin antagonists R24571 and W-7 [N-(6-aminohexyl) 5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide] also produce T cell nuclear lobulations that are indistinguishable from the nuclear lobulations caused by cyclosporine A. These data indicate that nonmitotic structural elements that govern normal nuclear morphology in a subset of mononuclear leukocytes appear to require a calmodulin-mediated process. Cyclosporine A may be a useful noncytotoxic inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent systems that influence nuclear structure and function. PMID- 3484483 TI - Activated (Ia+) T-lymphocytes and their subsets in autoimmune thyroid diseases: analysis by dual laser flow microfluorocytometry. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases were studied using monoclonal antibodies reacting with cell surface antigens of activated T-cells (Ia+T), as well as their helper-inducer (Ia+TH/I) and suppressor-cytotoxic (Ia+TS/C) subsets, using two-color dye labeling and dual laser activated cell sorter analyses. Compared to normal subjects, hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients had significantly higher percent Ia+T values in association with an increase in percent Ia+TH/I as well as a reduction in percent Ia+TS/C; whereas patients with hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as those with postpartum thyroiditis studied in the hyperthyroid phase also had a significant but lesser increase in percent Ia+T-cells, but their percent Ia+TH/I subset was significantly decreased, whereas the percent Ia+TS/C subset was increased; and patients with toxic nodular goiter or factitious hyperthyroidism (nonimmunogenic causes of hyperthyroidism) had a significant increase in percent Ia+T-cells without a significant difference in their Ia+T subsets or their ratios in comparison to controls. These studies demonstrated the feasibility of detecting Ia+T-cells and their subset characteristics using two-color dye labeling and dual laser flow microfluorocytometric methodology. In both the active and treated phases of Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and postpartum thyroiditis, the percent Ia+T-cells was increased compared to normal subjects, with the highest values occurring in hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Furthermore, patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease had the opposite changes in percent Ia+TH/I and Ia+TS/C subsets as compared to patients with either untreated hypothyroid Hashimoto's disease or the hyperthyroid phase of postpartum thyroiditis, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Hashimoto's disease and the destructive hyperthyroidism of painless thyroiditis are similar, and that they are both distinctly different from that of hyperthyroid Graves' disease. PMID- 3484482 TI - Low serum osteocalcin levels in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatics. AB - Serum osteocalcin (OC) levels were measured in 19 asthmatic patients receiving long term glucocorticoid therapy and in age- and sex-matched asthmatic patients not receiving this treatment. In the glucocorticoid-treated patients, the mean OC level was approximately 50% less than that in the control group (P less than 0.001), and there was a direct correlation between serum OC and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D; r = 0.71; P less than 0.001]. Multiple regression analysis in a total of 39 glucocorticoid-treated patients indicated that OC correlated directly to 1,25-(OH)2D and inversely to glucocorticoid dose. There was no correlation between OC and 1,25-(OH)2D in the control group and no significant difference in mean serum 1,25-(OH)2D between the steroid-treated asthmatic patients and the asthmatic control patients. The effect of a 4-day course of oral 1,25-(OH)2D on serum OC was studied in six patients with glucocorticoid excess and six normal subjects. There was a similar percent increase in OC levels in both groups, though the basal concentrations and absolute increases were substantially less in the steroid-treated group. It is likely that the depression of serum OC in glucocorticoid-treated patients results from the reduction in the rate of bone formation induced by these hormones. PMID- 3484484 TI - On the role of astrocytes in polyclonal T cell activation. AB - Murine astrocytes have been identified to possess accessory cell functions, which are thought to be regulated by the inducible expression of surface Ia molecules. The accessory cell functions include the induction of syngeneic and allogeneic T lymphocyte responses, the cytotoxic T cell activation towards haptens and the antigen-induced stimulation of helper T cell lines. In this report, astrocytes initially being Ia antigen-negative cells were found to restore the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response of mouse lymph node cells depleted of accessory cells by treatment with leucin methyl ester (Leu ME). Antisera against Ia determinants did not inhibit the PHA response or the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by activated astrocytes. Thus, the presence of Ia antigens is not required for mitogen-induced polyclonal T cell activation. In addition to IL-1 release, astrocytes may favour cell-cell contacts necessary for mitogen-induced polyclonal T cell response. PMID- 3484485 TI - Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to denatured Torpedo and to native calf acetylcholine receptors: species, subunit and region specificity. AB - Seventy-five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured Torpedo californica (66 mAbs) and intact fetal calf (9 mAbs) acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were produced. These mAbs were characterized for subunit, region and species specificity, for Ig class and subclass, for protein A binding and for antigen-crosslinking capacity. Fourteen were identified as anti-alpha, 35 were anti-beta, 8 were anti-gamma and 15 were anti-delta. None of the 11 anti-alpha derived from denatured AChR bound to the main immunogenic region (MIR) as judged by antibody competition assays. This contrasts with previous results using mAbs against native AChr, the majority of which bind to the MIR. Thirty-eight mAbs crossreacted with some or all of the tested AChRs from fish electric organs and mammalian muscles in addition to the immunogen. Eight anti-alpha, anti-beta and 1 anti-delta mAbs showed good to excellent autoantibody activity. Analysis by sucrose gradient centrifugation of some AChR-mAb complexes revealed that some mAbs form intermolecular and others form intramolecular crosslinkings of the AChR. The described mAbs have proven valuable tools in AChR and myasthenia gravis research. PMID- 3484486 TI - Reduced acetylation of procainamide by para-aminobenzoic acid. AB - Acetylation is the major route of metabolism of many drugs including the antiarrhythmic agent procainamide. Coadministration of para-aminobenzoic acid was observed to decrease the biotransformation of procainamide to N acetylprocainamide in a patient with rapid acetylation kinetics. In view of the distinct antiarrhythmic and toxic properties of procainamide and N acetylprocainamide, the observed drug interference may have great clinical relevance in long-term oral antiarrhythmic therapy and in instances where other drugs converge for acetylation. PMID- 3484487 TI - Increased susceptibility of old mice to plasmacytoma induction. AB - Because multiple myeloma is a malignancy that appears in aging humans, the murine plasmacytoma model was selected to investigate the association between tumor formation, age, and immunity. Plasmacytomas were induced in young, middle-aged, and old BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injections of pristane. Old mice were more vulnerable than middle-aged mice who were more vulnerable than young mice to histopathologically documented plasmacytoma formation. The difference between old and young mice was significant (p less than .05). The increased frequency of plasmacytomas was associated with decreased in vitro immune parameters in pristane-treated mice compared with age-matched saline-treated controls. The decrease was especially marked with T cell responses (mitogenic responses to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or allogeneic spleen cells) and natural killer (NK) cell activity. It was less striking with the predominantly B-cell parameters of mitogenic response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-induced plaque-forming cells. These findings support the hypothesis that old mice have increased vulnerability to plasmacytoma formation because of diminished NK and T cell activities. PMID- 3484488 TI - Analysis of viral infections by in situ hybridization. AB - In situ hybridization provides a versatile means of analysis of the life cycles of viruses in single cells. This kind of analysis in "real life" situations has provided considerable insight into the spread of viruses, mechanisms of tissue damage by viruses, and virus-host cell interactions in chronic diseases. In this article I describe refinements in technology underlining these advances, especially developments that have made the technique such a sensitive and quantitative one. I also describe a method for combined macroscopic and microscopic in situ hybridization, new assays for the simultaneous detection of genes and gene products in a single cell, and a double-label in situ hybridization technique. These methods have already proved useful in analyzing the molecular ecology of viral infections, and should find wide application to problems of genetic regulation in many other systems. PMID- 3484489 TI - Analysis of hemopoietic lineage of accessory cells in the developing thymus of Xenopus laevis. AB - The developmental history of accessory cells in the thymus was studied by grafting hemopoietic stem cells into cytogenetically distinct frog embryos (diploid-2N or triploid-3N) before the establishment of circulation and overt differentiation and colonization of the thymus. The DNA content of cortical thymocytes and circulating erythrocytes was quantified by staining with propidium iodide and measuring the amount of red fluorescence emitted by individual nuclei with the use of flow cytometry. Accessory cells from thymic medulla were separated by incubating for 2 hr on glass slides. For comparison, the developmental history of peritoneal macrophages was examined as representative, myeloid-derived phagocytic cells. DNA content of adherent cells was quantified by staining with the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction and measuring light absorption of individual nuclei by microdensitometry. Thymic accessory cells were subdivided into phagocytic and nonphagocytic phenotypes on the basis of latex bead ingestion. Phagocytic cells in the thymus were usually nonspecific esterase positive and phenotypically resembled peritoneal macrophages. Nonphagocytic cells from the thymus were usually esterase negative and had a dendritic morphology characterized by branched cytoplasmic extensions. Nonphagocytic cells were positive for cytoplasmic RNA based on staining with methyl green-pyronin Y. Phagocytic cells from both the thymus and the peritoneal cavity had no levels of cytoplasmic RNA detectable by this method. Analysis of the embryonic derivation of thymic accessory cells, based on the proportion of cells carrying the cytogenetic marker, demonstrated that thymic lymphocytes and thymic accessory cells were a concordant pair of cells, distinct from myeloid-derived erythrocytes and possibly macrophages. These experiments provide circumstantial evidence suggesting thymocytes and thymic accessory cells could arise from a bipotential precursor that diverges into these separate lineages after colonization of the epithelial thymic rudiment during early development. PMID- 3484490 TI - In vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes from primitive hemopoietic precursors present in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - B lymphocytes are not produced in the Dexter long-term bone marrow cultures, but a primitive B cell precursor is present. The findings presented in this study demonstrate that this precursor can be induced to produce B lymphocytes by transferring the cultures to the Whitlock conditions for the long-term growth of B cells in vitro. Two weeks after the transfer of cultures maintained at 33 degrees C in medium supplemented with horse serum and steroids to low concentrations of fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C, marked effects can be observed. The pattern of cell growth changes from one in which the hemopoietic cells are clustered in tight foci containing several hundred cells to smaller ones in which the cells are not as densely packed. Fat cells in the adherent layer disappear and the supporting stroma becomes more uniform in appearance. This change in the culture format is accompanied by a decrease in the number of nonadherent cells and a shift from myelopoiesis to lymphopoiesis. The numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors decline weekly after the change in culture conditions and are not detected by the third week. B cell colony-forming units appear by 3 wk. Cells that express the 14.8 cell surface antigen are induced by 1 wk after the change in culture conditions, followed by the appearance of surface IgM-bearing cells 2 wk later. This shift to lymphopoiesis can be confirmed morphologically. Granulocytes and macrophages disappear from the cultures by 4 wk, at which time almost all of the cells have a characteristic lymphocyte morphology. Upon switching these cultures back to the original Dexter conditions, only low levels of transient myelopoiesis can be reinitiated. PMID- 3484491 TI - Antigen presentation by human dermal fibroblasts: activation of resting T lymphocytes. AB - We have shown that human dermal fibroblasts, exposed to interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) to induce surface class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, were capable of presenting tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen to human TT specific T cell clones. Antigen presentation by fibroblasts was antigen dependent, required HLA-DR expression by fibroblasts, and was MHC restricted. In contrast, we now report that IFN-gamma-treated fibroblasts are unable to present TT antigen to purified resting T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of TT immune donors. In addition, although IFN-gamma-treated fibroblasts were able to stimulate alloreactive T cell clones, they were unable by themselves to stimulate primary allogeneic responses in resting T cells. The failure of fibroblasts to stimulate resting T cells was not due to suppressor effects by fibroblasts, because induction of TT and alloantigen responses in resting T cells by monocytes was not inhibited by the presence of fibroblasts. On the contrary, IFN-treated fibroblasts were synergistic with small numbers of monocytes in activating resting T cells. In addition, the failure of antigen presentation by fibroblasts to resting T cells was reversed by the addition of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL 2) to cultures, but not of purified human interleukin 1 (IL 1). These results emphasize that the requirements for activation of resting T cells differ from those of T cell clones. Although fibroblasts can efficiently present antigen to T cell clones, antigen presentation by fibroblasts to resting T cells requires the addition of exogenous IL 2. It is postulated that fibroblasts differ from classical antigen-presenting cells in that fibroblasts are incapable of stimulating the production of IL 2 in resting T cells. PMID- 3484492 TI - Activation requirements of cloned inducer T cells. II. The failure of some clones to respond to antigen presented by activated B cells. AB - Inducer/helper T cells recognize nominal antigen in association with Ia on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Recent studies have shown that B cells can effectively function as APC. In the present study we have assessed the ability of cloned inducer T cells to discriminate between activated B cells or splenic macrophages as APC. We found that most of the clones tested demonstrated an equivalent response to antigen presented by activated B cells or splenic adherent cells. Some clones were very efficiently stimulated by antigen presented by activated B cells, whereas other clones failed to respond or responded very poorly when activated B cells were used to present antigen. We attempted to determine the mechanism responsible for the inability of certain clones to proliferate in response to antigen presented by activated B cells. PMID- 3484493 TI - Oligopeptide antigens of the angiotensin lineage compete for presentation by paraformaldehyde-treated accessory cells to T cells. AB - The heptapeptide antigen angiotensin III can be presented to guinea pig T cells by paraformaldehyde-treated antigen-presenting cells, which are incapable of processing antigens and presumably cannot even ingest them. We demonstrate here that the decapeptide angiotensin I can outcompete angiotensin III for presentation by paraformaldehyde-treated antigen-presenting cells. It seems likely that the competition is for a site on the surface of the presenting cell. This extends earlier findings of competition for presentation between antigens. We also demonstrate that the antigens of the angiotensin series are highly susceptible to proteolytic destruction in cultures containing prefixed accessory cells. The proteases responsible for the destruction of these peptides are apparently located in the plasma membrane of accessory cells. These enzymes represent a methodologic problem in studies of competition between antigens for presentation; but since they presumably are active also in untreated cells, they may play a physiologic role in the normal immune response. PMID- 3484494 TI - Life span of B lymphocytes: the experimental basis for conflicting results. AB - Recent claims have challenged the view that most peripheral, mature B cells are long-lived, and propose rates of peripheral decay that are compatible with bone marrow production. This disagreement can only reflect differences in the protocols and methods used to measure peripheral lymphocyte life spans. We have now assessed toxic or other nonselective effects of hydroxyurea treatment on the survival and migration of peripheral, noncycling cells, as well as possible reasons for exaggerated decays of LPS-reactive B cells transferred to LPS nonresponder hosts, the two methods leading to conclusions of short life spans. We also studied general effects on cell survival introduced by either repeated [3H]thymidine injections or the stress associated with surgery, thoracic duct cannulation in particular--methods with which the notion of long life spans had been established. The results failed to show toxic or nonselective effects of hydroxyurea treatments and artificial decays of LPS-reactive cells in adoptive hosts. In contrast, the present experiments demonstrate that both the stress associated with surgery and repeated [3H] thymidine administration profoundly deplete a pool of short-lived B cells, consequently selecting for an apparent higher proportion of long-lived cells. PMID- 3484495 TI - Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the binding of lymphocytes to endothelial cell monolayers. AB - Preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (EC) monolayers with 1 ng to 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the binding of T lymphocytes to EC. The effect was maximal at LPS concentrations of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml, and occurred with LPS derived from Escherichia coli (serotypes 0111:B4 and 0127:B8), Shigella flexneri (serotype 2a), Serratia marcescens (serotype 0:3), and Yersinia entercolitica (serotype 0:3). The increased binding appeared to be mediated primarily through an action on EC; preincubation of T cells rather than EC with LPS did not lead to enhanced binding. The onset of enhanced binding was very rapid, being observed after 2 to 3 min of preincubation and becoming maximal after 1 hr. EC were unresponsive to LPS after fixation with 2% paraformaldehyde-L-lysine-periodate and also when the LPS was incubated with EC at 4 degrees C. Enhanced binding was seen with lipid A and with LPS from Salmonella minnesota Re 595 (mainly lipid A) and was abolished by conjugation with polymyxin B. The observed increase in the binding of lymphocytes to EC exposed to LPS suggests that the lymphocytopenia induced by endotoxemia may result from augmentation of the adherence of lymphocytes to altered endothelium. PMID- 3484496 TI - Neutrophil-mediated solubilization of the subendothelial matrix: oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms of proteolysis used by normal and chronic granulomatous disease phagocytes. AB - Both normal and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) neutrophils were able to degrade the subendothelial matrix secreted by human endothelial cells via an elastase-dependent process. In the absence of the plasma antiproteinase, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI), normal neutrophils protect their released elastase from inactivation by using the chlorinated oxidants hypochlorous acid and endogenous N-chloroamines to suppress the antiproteinase's activity. In contrast, CGD neutrophils were unable to generate either class of chlorinated oxidant or to inactivate the porcine pancreatic elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha-1-PI unless the cells were supplemented with exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Despite the reliance of normal neutrophils on chlorinated oxidants to inactivate alpha-1-PI, neutrophils triggered in the presence of agents that block the generation of these reactive species continued to degrade the subendothelial matrix at a suppressed but significant rate in the presence of a 50-fold excess of the antiproteinase. The continued solubilization of the matrix by normal neutrophils was not due to the incomplete inhibition of oxidant generation because triggered CGD neutrophils were also able to degrade the matrix in the presence of excess alpha-1-PI. If CGD neutrophils were stimulated in the presence of an exogenous source of H2O2 and alpha-1-PI, the proteolytic potential of the cells was identical to that observed with normal stimulated neutrophils. We conclude that normal neutrophils can enhance their ability to degrade the subendothelial matrix by oxidatively protecting elastase from inactivation by alpha-1-PI but both normal and CGD neutrophils possess non-oxidatively linked mechanisms for sequestering and using elastase to mediate proteolytic effects in the presence of native antiproteinase. PMID- 3484497 TI - Mapping the idiotopes of a monoclonal anti-myoglobin antibody with syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies: detection of a common idiotope. AB - A panel of syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies was prepared by immunizing A.SW mice with keyhole limpet hemocyanin-coupled A.SW monoclonal anti myoglobin (HAL 19, IgG1) and screening the cloned hybridomas for production of IgG2 binding to idiotype but not to certain other anti-myoglobin antibodies of the same subclass in an ELISA. With these antibodies, we identified three nonoverlapping idiotopes, based on three clusters of monoclonal anti-idiotopes that mutually inhibit within each cluster, but not between clusters (Cluster I: S2, S6, S8; Cluster II: S5, S7; Cluster III: S9). Only Cluster II antibodies block the binding of myoglobin to HAL 19 and so identify a binding site-related idiotope(s). Binding of both Cluster II monoclonals (S5 and S7) to Hal 19 is inhibited by a rabbit anti-idiotype that we previously reported detects a common cross-reactive anti-myoglobin idiotope in immune sera. However, only one of these, S7, and not S5, identifies an idiotope that is present on 20 to 30% of A.SW anti-myoglobin antibodies in immune sera and ascites. The panel of syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies also detects new idiotopes not detected by the rabbit anti-idiotype. The development of a panel of syngeneic monoclonal anti idiotypic antibodies to different clusters of idiotopes on the same antibody molecule, including one that identifies a major common idiotope in immune sera, should allow the analysis of possible idiotype network regulation in vivo and in vitro in a completely syngeneic system. PMID- 3484499 TI - Importance of antibody isotype in monoclonal anti-idiotype therapy of a murine B cell lymphoma. A study of hybridoma class switch variants. AB - An initial panel of four syngeneic monoclonal antibodies directed against the idiotype of a murine B cell lymphoma was used to treat this tumor in vivo. The antibody in the panel of the IgG2a isotype was more effective in treatment than the other antibodies, which were of the IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes. To independently assess the role of antibody isotype in mediating antitumor effects, switch variant hybridoma families were isolated from the hybridomas secreting the less effective IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies. A family isolated from an IgG1-secreting parent consisted of IgG1-, IgG2b-, and IgG2a-secreting members, and an IgG2a variant was isolated from an IgG2b-secreting parent for another family. Antibody members of each family differed only in heavy chain composition and were the same with respect to their light chains and their affinity and specificity for idiotype. The IgG2a members of both families were superior to the other members in inhibiting tumor growth with an order of effectiveness of IgG2a greater than IgG1 greater than IgG2b. These in vivo results paralleled the abilities of these different isotype antibodies to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis in vitro. For the IgG2b----IgG2a family, in vivo treatment with the IgG2a member given i.p. after i.p. tumor challenge at one-tenth the dose of the IgG2b member was still superior to the latter. At one-hundredth the dose of the IgG2b, the IgG2a was still superior to the latter when the antibodies were given i.p. and tumors subcutaneously. These data and those showing that the clearance of these antibodies from the serum differed in only a relatively minor way indicate that the IgG2a antibodies in this system had greater antitumor effects primarily by virtue of their greater capacity for host effector interaction. PMID- 3484498 TI - The effect of fibronectin on the processing of C1q- and C3b/bi-coated immune complexes by peripheral blood monocytes. AB - In the past several years, it has been demonstrated that plasma fibronectin (Fn) binds to the C1q subunit of the complement system. The effect of Fn on the processing of immune complexes containing C1q and C3b by human peripheral blood monocytes was investigated. Preincubation of monocytes with Fn causes a significant increase in attachment of sheep erythrocytes coated with IgM and C1q (EIg-MC1q), but does not mediate their ingestion. EIg-MC1q attach to the Fn treated monocytes via the C1q receptor because Fab anti-Fn antibodies do not inhibit their attachment to the monocytes. In addition, Fn-treated monocytes exhibit no change in C1q receptor number or affinity compared with monocytes treated with buffer. Fn mediates the phagocytosis of C3b/bi-coated particles, and C1q can enhance this process in two ways. First, phagocytosis of particles bearing C3b/bi and Fn is enhanced by the presence of C1q on the immune complex. Second, monocytes on Fn-coated surfaces ingest more particles if they are coated with both C3b/bi and C1q, compared with particles coated with either C3b/bi or C1q alone. PMID- 3484500 TI - Stimulation of B cells by sequential addition of anti-immunoglobulin antibody and cytochalasin. AB - B cells are stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by modest doses of anti immunoglobulin antibody in combination with cytochalasin. The ability of these agents to stimulate B cells in a sequential fashion was evaluated. Anti immunoglobulin prepared cells to respond to subsequently added cytochalasin, but cytochalasin did not prepare cells to respond to anti-immunoglobulin. Only brief exposure to anti-immunoglobulin was needed to activate B cells for cytochalasin responsiveness; once activated, B cells remained responsive to cytochalasin for hours. The ability of cytochalasin to supply a second signal to activated B cells suggests that the cytoskeleton may be involved in generating or transducing growth-promoting signals for B lymphocytes. PMID- 3484501 TI - Specificity analysis of human anti-DNA antibodies. AB - Human hybrids producing anti-DNA antibodies were generated by the fusion of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes from a child with sickle cell anemia to GM4672. Of 19 hybrids, three (15%) produced anti-DNA antibody as detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One subclone from each of these three hybrids was then characterized. All produced IgM antibody in large amounts ranging from 22 to 266 micrograms/ml per million cells per 24 hr. All three antibodies bound both double- and single-stranded DNA. Competitive inhibition assays revealed the greatest inhibition of DNA binding with the ribohomopolymers polyinosinic and polyguanylic acid. A complex pattern of cross-reactivity with various other polynucleotides and with some phospholipids was observed. Subtle differences were found among the three antibodies in light chain class and some of the binding specificities. By using a modified Farr assay, all three monoclonals were found to be of low to intermediate affinity. These results confirm that anti-DNA antibodies apparently equivalent to those seen in patients with SLE can be derived from "normal" nonautoimmune individuals. PMID- 3484502 TI - LPS regulation of specific protein synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) analysis of biosynthetically labeled proteins of murine peritoneal macrophages elicited by inflammatory and activating stimuli indicated that the accumulation of a small number of cell-associated proteins was altered after in vitro treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both increases and decreases in the accumulation of specific proteins were observed after LPS stimulation. Proteins of approximately 87, 43, 37, 30, and 28 Kd were similarly regulated by LPS in proteose peptone-, P. acnes-, and M. bovis BCG-elicited macrophages. Thioglycollate-elicited and resident peritoneal macrophages showed very few changes in the pattern of proteins synthesized after LPS treatment. Many of the proteins whose accumulation was increased by LPS in the elicited macrophages (proteins of approximately 87, 52, 43, 37, and 28 Kd) were already synthesized at high levels in resident macrophages. LPS stimulation also altered the accumulation of many of the same proteins in bone marrow-derived macrophages, indicating the lack of T lymphocyte influence on the LPS-induced changes in macrophages. LPS stimulation of highly purified B cells caused changes in the accumulation of several proteins of 70 and 78 Kd, which were different from those regulated by LPS in peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3484503 TI - Passive immunization against disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b: concentrations of antibody to capsular polysaccharide in high-risk children. AB - From the pooled plasma of 54 adult donors immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (CP), a human hyperimmune globulin termed bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) was prepared. The pharmacokinetics of antibody to H. influenzae type b CP in high-risk children was compared after BPIG and conventional immune serum globulin (ISG) were administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.5-0.6 ml/kg. The increase in antibody level four to seven days after injection was ninefold higher with BPIG than with ISG and remained higher throughout the three-month follow-up period. The mean half-life of antibody to H. influenzae type b CP was similar after BPIG (27 days) and ISG (29 days). Antibody levels returned to baseline one to two months after ISG but remained significantly above baseline three months after BPIG (mean concentration, 385 ng/ml). Based on the assumption that 150 ng of IgG antibody to H. influenzae type b CP/ml is the minimal protective level, it is concluded that a single intramuscular dose of 0.5 ml of BPIG/kg will protect children for four months. PMID- 3484504 TI - Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in nongonococcal urethritis. PMID- 3484505 TI - Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Alaska: background epidemiology for a vaccine efficacy trial. AB - In a previous study we demonstrated that Alaskan Eskimos had the highest endemic incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. In 1980 we established a prospective surveillance program for all invasive Hib disease throughout Alaska to characterize additional epidemiological features of disease in Native Alaskans to plan for a vaccine efficacy trial and define the epidemiology of Hib disease in all population groups in the state. For the three year period, 1980-1982, 287 confirmed episodes of invasive Hib disease occurred. For children less than five years of age, the incidences for Eskimos, Indians, and non-Natives were 705, 401, and 129 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. The Native population represents only 16% of the population of Alaska but has 51% of all invasive Hib disease. Disease differed significantly among Eskimos, Indians, and non-Natives with regard to risk, age of onset, disease type, antibiotic susceptibility of strains, and regional incidence, but mortality and seasonal occurrence were similar. For Native Alaskans the cumulative Hib disease risk for the first two years of life was 4% (range, 1%-7% by region). This high endemic disease risk, concentrated in the first two years of life, provides a unique opportunity to prospectively evaluate the protective efficacy of a vaccine in a randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. Such a trial was initiated in December 1984. PMID- 3484506 TI - Functional characterization of human IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody directed to the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) is bactericidal, opsonic, and protective. Minimum protective levels of primarily IgG antibody to Hib CP, calculated from passive immunization studies, have been found to be approximately .06-.15 microgram/ml of serum. The human response to antigenic challenge with the Hib capsule, however, includes production of antibody to Hib CP of different isotypes whose function against Hib is unclear. In order to characterize the function of antibody to Hib CP of different isotypes, we purified human IgG, IgM, and IgA from the serum of an adult donor who had been previously immunized with purified Hib CP vaccine. The globulin preparations were greater than 99% isotypically pure, contained large quantities of anticapsular antibody, and differed in function against Hib. IgG antibody to Hib CP was bactericidal and opsonic for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in the presence of complement and protective in infant rats. IgM, although more bactericidal than IgG (P less than .01) and equally protective in rats, opsonized Hib poorly for PMNLs. IgA was not bactericidal or opsonic and did not prevent bacteremia and meningitis in rats challenged with Hib. We conclude that antibody directed against the capsule of Hib differs in antibacterial function depending on class. These data may be important to acurately estimate minimum protective levels of anticapsular antibody after vaccination or natural infection and may have implications for the manner in which the host clears Hib from the circulation. PMID- 3484507 TI - Gastric absorption of D-xylose in the rat: its influence on the D-xylose absorption test. AB - Relatively high incidences of false-positive results of D-xylose absorption tests have been reported. Delayed gastric emptying is invariably listed as one important cause for such tests. However, this conclusion assumes that gastric absorption from the relatively concentrated D-xylose solutions used clinically is negligible. In our study, D-xylose was injected (0.5 gm/kg) into either the stomach or duodenum of rats that had undergone pyloric ligation. Blood xylose levels 30 minutes later were almost as high after intragastric administration (0.61 +/- 0.22 mmol/L) as they were after intraduodenal injection (0.65 +/- 0.16 mmol/L). A chymotrypsin-labile peptide (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoate), given at the same time, was poorly absorbed from the stomach, as shown by the low plasma p-aminobenzoic acid levels (14 +/- 2 mumol/L vs. 158 +/- 22 mumol/L after intraduodenal injection). Intragastric absorption of xylose, therefore, did not appear to result from the surgical trauma of pyloric ligation. In rats given doses orally of the D-xylose, the peptide, and a nonabsorbable marker (phenol red), epinephrine and atropine both showed gastric emptying without any surgical trauma, decreased digestion and absorption of the peptide as expected, but did not significantly decrease xylose absorption. These results indicate that, at least in rats, D-xylose is absorbed from relatively concentrated solutions within the stomach. Consequently, circumstances that delay gastric emptying should not markedly decrease xylose absorption. Bacterial overgrowth and altered blood flow seem more likely causes for false-positive D-xylose absorption test results. PMID- 3484508 TI - DNA synthesis and production of interleukin 1 by lymph node macrophages in culture. AB - When bovine lymph node cells are cultured for several days the adherent macrophage population increases by as much as tenfold. This increase in cell number is primarily due to cell division, which reaches a maximum on day 4 or 5 of culture. Although the presence of the nonadherent cells seems required for cell division, we have been unable to detect a macrophage growth factor in either the nonadherent cell populations. The adherent cells were identified as macrophages based on positive esterase staining, the presence of Fc receptors, beta-glucuronidase activity, and phagocytosis. Moreover, these adherent cells produced interleukin 1 (IL1) after exposure to lipopolysaccharide in serum-free medium. Approximately 10(7) macrophages were stimulated to produce about 900 units of IL1 in a 24-hr period. Thus, the bovine lymph node preparation is a potential source of a large number of macrophages capable of dividing in culture and of producing IL1. PMID- 3484509 TI - Irradiation- and cyclophosphamide-induced alterations in Syrian hamster T-cell population activity. AB - The treatment of hamsters with either irradiation (IR) or cyclophosphamide (CYP) markedly alters select aspects of their cellular immune functions in a dose related manner. One mechanism that may be responsible for this activity appears to be the dimunition of a T-lymphocyte subpopulation that exerts suppressive influence upon the B-lymphocyte reactivity toward antigens. This study shows that in the hamster, immune susceptibility is affected by the magnitude and orientation of these agents (ie, IR, CYP) as they temporally relate to immunization and/or challenge with the antigen. Moreover, there is evidence that T-independent as well as T-dependent responses are affected by these treatments. Therefore, cyclophosphamide and irradiation modalities can be employed to modify the cellular immune responses in the hamster. PMID- 3484512 TI - Human natural killer cells isolated from peripheral blood do not rearrange T cell antigen receptor beta chain genes. AB - The lineage of NK cells and their relationship to T lymphocytes have been controversial issues. Since rearrangement of the T cell antigen receptor beta chain genes occurs early in the ontogeny and differentiation of all T cells, this can be used as an unequivocal marker to discriminate T from non-T lymphocytes. Recent studies (16-18) examining T cell antigen receptor gene rearrangement and expression in certain IL-2-dependent NK cell lines and leukemias have revealed that some lines rearrange C beta genes, whereas others do not. However, it is important to establish whether these cell lines are representative of the major population of NK cells freshly derived from the host. Herein, we have purified granulocytes, CD16+ NK cells and T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood, prepared genomic DNA from each cell type, and then examined the organization of their T cell antigen receptor genes by restriction enzyme analysis using a C beta cDNA as probe. The C beta genes were in germline configuration in NK cells and granulocytes. In contrast, peripheral blood T lymphocytes showed rearrangement of the C beta gene. These data support the hypothesis that the majority of human peripheral blood NK cells are fundamentally distinct from T lymphocytes in lineage and nonself recognition. PMID- 3484511 TI - Direct interactions between B and T lymphocytes bearing complementary receptors. AB - A murine cloned Th cell line specific for the antigen conalbumin in the context of self I-A molecules can be activated by low concentrations of soluble antireceptor mAb. By using an antireceptor mAb to shared antigenic determinants on T cell receptors, we have shown that the ability to be activated by soluble antireceptor mAb is an unusual, although not unique, feature of this cloned T cell line. This activation does not involve occult APC, FcR, or interaction between individual cloned T cells, as limiting-dilution analysis shows that individual cells of this clone will grow in the presence of the antireceptor antibody and IL-1 as stimulus. This cloned T cell line is highly immunogenic in vivo, giving rise to antireceptor antibodies that stimulate its growth in both mice and rats. This response is not dependent upon exogenous T cells. Rather, the clone directly interacts with complementary B cells, as shown by the production of mAb in nude mice, and by production of stimulating antireceptor antibodies by purified B cells cultured with cloned Th cells in vitro. Several features of this cloned Th cell line, most especially its ability to be activated, rather than inhibited, by antireceptor antibodies, may account for its striking ability to directly activate B cells bearing complementary receptors. The direct interaction of the cloned Th cell with B cells bearing complementary receptors may serve as a model for receptor-receptor interactions in the generation of both T and B cell repertoires. PMID- 3484510 TI - Tissue-specific phosphorylation of complement receptors CR1 and CR2. AB - CR1 of neutrophils and monocytes may exist in a resting state, in which it only binds ligand-coated particles, or an activated state, in which it mediates phagocytosis. Because the activated state of CR1 can be induced by the stimulation of protein kinase C with PMA, CR1 was assessed for phosphorylation. Purified human neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, tonsilar lymphocytes, SB cells, and erythrocytes were labeled with 32PO4 and incubated with buffer or 100 ng/ml PMA. Membrane proteins were immunoprecipitated and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. CR1, unlike HLA class I heavy chain, was not constitutively phosphorylated by any cell type. PMA induced phosphorylation of CR1 in three phagocytic cell types, but did not induce the phosphorylation of CR3 or FcR. FMLP also induced the phosphorylation of CR1 in neutrophils. In contrast, PMA did not induce phosphorylation of CR1 in tonsilar B lymphocytes, SB cells, or erythrocytes, indicating restriction of this reaction to phagocytic cell types. This may be due to differences in the structure or presentation of the cytoplasmic domain of CR1 in phagocytic vs. nonphagocytic cells. Phosphorylation of CR2, however, did occur in PMA-treated B lymphocytes and SB cells, suggesting that this receptor, rather than CR1, may be involved in regulation of B lymphocyte function. PMID- 3484515 TI - Psychosocial factors and depressive symptoms. AB - The relationship of four psychosocial factors (family history of psychiatric illness, early loss of a nurturing relationship, stressful life events, and low social support) to depressive symptoms was investigated in university students using a cross-sectional design. A depressed group (N = 160), selected from a consecutive sample of students diagnosed depressed and attending a university psychiatric service, was contrasted with a nondepressed group (N = 206) randomly selected from the general university population within three strata (sex, academic level, and month of the year) to match the clinic group. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. It was found that family history of psychiatric illness, stressful life events, and lack of a confidant all had a significant, independent direct effect on the occurrence of depressive symptoms, but early loss was not associated. An interaction effect among the psychosocial factors was not demonstrated. PMID- 3484514 TI - The antibody response to specific immune complexes is under genetic control and correlates with the expression of a recurrent idiotype. AB - The primary antigen-specific antibody response of various strains of mice to TEPC 15/PnC immune complexes has been examined. We found that both BALB/c and C3H mice were good responders to the PnC antigen; however, C3H mice were low responders, whereas BALB/c mice were high responders to the TEPC-15/PnC complexes. Using congenic strains on the C3H and BALB/c background, we have shown that the response to the complexes is not restricted by gene products of the H-2 complex or by the Igh (allotype) locus. However, responsiveness may be controlled by genes linked to the Igh locus, since we have shown that strains that are Ighj, Ighd, and Ighf are low responders, whereas strains that are Igha, Ighb, and Ighe are high responders to the immune complex. Moreover, responsiveness correlates with the expression of the T15 Id as measured using the anti-T15 monoclonal antibody, AB1-2. Thus, strains such as BALB/c, BALB.B, BALB.K, and CB-20, which express high levels of T15 (AB1-2) Id in their PFC response to PnC are relatively high responders to TEPC-15/PnC complexes, whereas C3H, C3H.SW, and C3H-OH, which express low levels of the T15 (AB1-2) Id, are low responders to the complexes. Finally, we found that BALB/c mice are high responders to complexes formed with T15+ antibodies, whereas they are low responders to complexes formed using T15- antibodies. The results suggest that the antigen-specific response to these immune complexes is Id-restricted. PMID- 3484513 TI - Heterogeneity of clones from a human metastatic melanoma detected by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. AB - The possibility that a single human tumor may be composed of an heterogeneous population of cells with respect to susceptibility to lysis by autologous CTL clones was investigated by testing six cytolytic clones derived by micromanipulation against the autologous metastatic melanoma, Me28, and against 31 clones derived from Me28 by cloning in soft agar. Highly significant differences in the lysis of many tumor clones were observed by three of the CTL effectors in comparison with the cytotoxicity achieved on Me28. These results indicate that cloned cellular reagents can detect heterogeneity among cells isolated from the same melanoma, and suggest that the target determinants recognized on the autologous tumor might be differentially expressed on different neoplastic cells. PMID- 3484516 TI - Posttraumatic morbidity of a disaster. A study of cases presenting for psychiatric treatment. AB - The study of unsolicited psychiatric patients who became ill because of their experience in a natural disaster can assist in the design of future disaster research. A clinical report of 36 such patients illustrates the problems of case detection, the delayed presentation of much of the morbidity, and the need to separate stress-related symptoms which are common in disaster victims from psychiatric illness. Unless these issues are taken into account, estimates of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders after major disasters may be subject to substantial error. The role of vulnerability factors assessed to be operating in these patients suggests that exposure and losses sustained in the disaster alone are inadequate predictors of psychiatric disorder. The risk factors for the development of disaster-related psychiatric morbidity will be more accurately defined if the contribution of a range of constitutional, personality, and social factors as well as the personal impact of the disaster are investigated in future research. PMID- 3484517 TI - Inositol trisphosphate mobilizes intracellular calcium in permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - Using permeabilized chromaffin cells and the fluorescent probe Quin 2 (an indicator of free Ca2+), we found that inositol trisphosphate (IP3) specifically triggered an immediate and dose-dependent release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Desensitization of the response was observed at nonsaturating concentrations of inositol trisphosphate and resequestration of Ca2+ was not observed. While representing only a small fraction of the total cellular Ca2+, the amount released by IP3 could significantly raise cytosolic Ca2+ and may account for muscarinic effects on Ca2+ metabolism in chromaffin cells. PMID- 3484518 TI - Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations. AB - The authors report their treatment of 66 infratentorial arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) in patients aged 5 to 69 years. Sixty-one of them presented with hemorrhage, three with headache, and two with focal neurological deficits. Five patients underwent surgical exploration only, one was treated with ventriculostomy, three had ligation of the AVM feeding arteries, four underwent intraoperative embolization, and two had pontine hematomas removed; complete excision was attempted in 51 patients and accomplished in 47. Twelve of the patients also had aneurysms (nine of which had ruptured). Of this series, 71% had a good result, 14% a poor result, and 15% died. Most of the operative morbidity was due to massive postoperative hemorrhage, probably related to inadequate hemostasis. PMID- 3484519 TI - Spinal cord stimulation in peripheral arterial disease. A cooperative study. AB - Percutaneous epidural stimulation of the low thoracic spinal cord was carried out in 41 patients with pain from peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs. Results are reported relating to pain, claudication distance, peripheral blood flow, and trophic lesion changes. Following a trial period of stimulation, 37 patients had stimulators permanently implanted. After a mean poststimulation follow-up period of 25 months, substantial pain relief (75% to 100%) was obtained in 29 cases; claudication distance significantly increased in 15 cases; Doppler ultrasound recordings of lower-limb distal arteries showed a tendency toward normalization of pulse-wave morphology, with increase of amplitude in 12 of the 23 patients studied; a rise in skin temperature was also detected by thermography. Distal arterial blood pressure remained unchanged with stimulation. Ischemic cutaneous trophic lesions of less than 3 sq cm healed, but gangrenous conditions were not benefited. A placebo effect or the natural history of the disease can be excluded as the reason for these improvements. It is concluded that spinal cord stimulation is a valid alternative treatment for moderate peripheral arterial disorders when direct arterial surgery is not possible or has been unsuccessful. PMID- 3484521 TI - Clinical evaluation of 360 degrees and 180 degrees data sampling techniques for transaxial SPECT thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging. PMID- 3484520 TI - SPECT imaging: a question of ethics and economics. PMID- 3484522 TI - A positron camera using position-sensitive detectors: PENN-PET. AB - A single-slice positron camera has been developed with good spatial resolution and high count rate capability. The camera uses a hexagonal arrangement of six position-sensitive NaI(Tl) detectors. The count rate capability of NaI(Tl) was extended to 800k cps through the use of pulse shortening. In order to keep the detectors stationary, an iterative reconstruction algorithm was modified which ignores the missing data in the gaps between the six detectors and gives artifact free images. The spatial resolution, as determined from the image of point sources in air, is 6.5 mm full width at half maximum. We have also imaged a brain phantom and dog hearts. PMID- 3484523 TI - Wedge-shaped scintillation crystals for positron emission tomography. AB - The use of wedge-shaped scintillation crystals for positron emission tomography is reevaluated with the aim of delimiting its range of benefit. A linear attenuation simulation model is used to generate the detector geometric aperture functions, and the investigation is carried out in terms of a newly introduced shape-independent definition of the spatial resolution, the "spectral resolution." Contrary to previous expectations, it is concluded that shaped crystals do not improve the performance of high resolution detection systems, either with or without intercrystal septa. However, wedges are found to be useful for lower resolution systems and the boundaries of applicability are estimated for NaI, BaF2, GSO, and BGO scintillators. PMID- 3484524 TI - Comparison of etidocaine and lidocaine for control of intra- and post-operative bleeding and pain. AB - Etidocaine hydrochloride, an amide-type of local anesthetic with prolonged duration of action, was evaluated and compared with the standard local anesthetic lidocaine to determine its efficacy of action and its effect on bleeding during and following the removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth. The findings indicate that 1.5% etidocaine hydrochloride with 1:200,000 epinephrine, in comparison with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, produces anesthesia comparable to that obtained with lidocaine but results in greater measured intraoperative blood loss. PMID- 3484525 TI - Antimuscarinic activities of hycanthone analogs: possible relationship with animal toxicity. AB - The antimuscarinic activity of hycanthone and five antischistosomal analogs was determined in three biological assays of cholinergic systems. A linear relationship was established between the LD50 values of hycanthone analogs in mice and 1) the Ki values obtained from the inhibition of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to the muscarinic receptors of N4TG1 neuroblastoma cells; 2) the I50 values obtained from the inhibition of alpha-amylase secretion induced by carbachol in pancreatic acini cells; and 3) the KB values obtained from the inhibition of guinea-pig ileum contraction induced by acetylcholine. The linear relationship established between antimuscarinic potency and toxicity in mice suggests that a possible relationship exists between the toxicity of the hycanthone analogs and their antimuscarinic activities. On the other hand, no correlation was established between antischistosomal efficacy and antimuscarinic potency. The Ki and I50 values ranged from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M for the inhibition of the binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to the muscarinic receptors and for the inhibition of alpha-amylase secretion. The KB values determined by the guinea pig ileum assays were approximately 10(-5) to 10(-6) M. The ranking of antimuscarinic potency of the compounds in the three different assays were in good agreement. PMID- 3484526 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to carcinoid tumors of the small intestine. PMID- 3484527 TI - Morphology surface of a mouse plasmacytoma (LPC-1) showing cyclic resistance to immune lysis. AB - The murine BALB/c myeloma LPC-1 demonstrates a periodic resistance to lysis by immune mechanisms; this correlates with the production and accumulation of a trypsin-sensitive, single chain glycoprotein of 160 kilodaltons gp160 on the tumor cell surface. Tumor cells obtained 4 days after transplantation are lysed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes whereas ten-day cells are resistant to lysis. The progressive resistance to lysis was correlated with an increasing amount of gp160 on the surface of LPC-1 cells. Cell surface morphology, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, showed that early cells consisted of equal proportions of cells having microvilli or ruffles. The late cell population consisted mainly of cells with microvilli. These microvilli were twice as abundant on late LPC-1 cells as on early cells. Transmission electron microscopy images of late LPC-1 cells suggested an active protein synthesis which correlated with a more intense deposition of ruthenium red and an increasing amount of gp160 on the cell surface. PMID- 3484528 TI - Reoperation without medical records: avoidable? AB - Coronary bypass graft reoperations are performed at increased risk if prior operative records are unavailable. A durable record of the operation, carried by the patient, may offer the most rapid access to this information. PMID- 3484529 TI - Occlusion of left internal mammary artery with intra-aortic balloon: clinical implications. AB - Obstruction of the left internal mammary artery by a malpositioned intra-aortic balloon in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting may erroneously preclude its use during the procedure or may cause a potentially fatal reduction in coronary flow postoperatively in patients with left internal mammary grafts. PMID- 3484531 TI - Expanding the use of the internal mammary artery to improve patency in coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - To improve the early and late benefits from coronary artery bypass grafting, we have expanded the use of the internal mammary artery by bypassing three or more coronary arteries with mammary grafts. Experience with higher power magnification and the use of the single internal mammary artery are necessary prerequisites of this procedure. The first 100 patients who had three or more mammary artery coronary artery anastomoses are reviewed. Eighty-six patients received three mammary-coronary anastomoses, 13 received four, and one received six. An average of 3.2 internal mammary artery grafts and 1.7 saphenous vein grafts per patient were placed. Twenty-five of 27 mammary grafts were open on postoperative graft visualization. There were no early deaths and only one patient died late of complications of gangrene of the lower extremities. None of the patients had significant left ventricular failure and only three had perioperative myocardial infarctions. None of the patients complain of angina and 58 of 59 postoperative stress tests were normal. This procedure should significantly reduce the late closure of bypass grafts and the complications thereof, including the need for reoperation. PMID- 3484530 TI - Performance of the Smeloff aortic valve beyond ten years. AB - The Smeloff aortic valve has remained unchanged in design and material since 1966. To assess the long-term performance of this prosthesis, we reviewed 394 consecutive patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 26.4% of these patients. Follow up was complete in 96%; maximum follow-up was 13.1 years (mean 4.3 years). The operative mortality was 7.4%. Actuarial survival rate, including operative mortality, was 66.3% +/- 2.8% at 5 years and 48.7% +/- 4.5% at 10 years. Thromboembolism for the entire group occurred at a rate of 3.8% per patient-year. Patients who underwent anticoagulation continuously had a rate of embolision of 1.8% per patient-year. All patients had a 5 year embolus-free rate of 91% +/- 2% and a 10 year embolus-free rate of 85% +/- 3%. Patients receiving anticoagulants had a 5 year embolus-free rate of 92% +/- 2% and a 10 year embolus-free rate of 89% +/- 3%. There was no mechanical failure or prosthetic thrombosis in 1,690 patient-years of follow-up. The Smeloff aortic valve has excellent long-term durability and thromboembolism is low in patients receiving anticoagulants. PMID- 3484532 TI - Peripheral T-cell lymphoma simulating Hodgkin's disease with initial bone marrow involvement. AB - In a patient who had fever and cytopenias but no peripheral lymphadenopathy, bone marrow biopsy revealed findings consistent with Hodgkin's disease. Subsequently lymph node biopsy specimens showed lymphoma with features more consistent with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The clinical features of this patient were those that have been ascribed to an atypical clinical form of Hodgkin's disease. This case illustrates the inadequacy of bone marrow examination as the sole criterion for establishing an initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, particularly in relationship to the newly recognized pleomorphic variants of T-cell malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3484533 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis: pathophysiology and relationship to thyroid cancer. AB - Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) is one of a myriad of clinical entities associated with the endocrine system. The disease is thought to be a defect in the immune regulatory system. The following report is a study of 112 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis treated over a 10-year period. The incidence of malignancy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis in this study was 6.3%, which correlates well with the incidence of thyroid cancer seen in the general population at autopsy. We have concluded from this study that patients with autoimmune thyroid endocrinopathy are at no greater risk for the development of thyroid malignancy than the general population. A review of the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is discussed and recommendations for treatment of patients with Hashimoto's disease is provided. PMID- 3484534 TI - Formation of biogenic amines by isolated kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Kidneys form dopamine (DA) from L-dopa and serotonin from L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) via aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. We compared the ability of isolated perfused kidneys from adult (20-week-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) to form these biogenic amines. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) was greater in perfused kidneys from SHR (n = 10) than WKY (n = 8) (p less than 0.01). Slight decreases in RVR were observed during L-dopa infusion but these were unrelated to DA formation. L-Dopa infusion was associated with greater DA output in SHR than WKY in both the renal venous and urinary effluents although the latter did not achieve statistical significance. L-5-HTP increased RVR to a greater degree in SHR than WKY kidneys. This was associated with larger quantities of serotonin in the urinary and venous effluents and greater pressor responses to exogenous serotonin in SHR than WKY kidneys; however, either parameter alone was not significantly increased. Our findings do not support a deficiency of intrarenal DA formation as a pathogenic factor for hypertension in SHR. Biogenic amine formation is as great if not greater in SHR than WKY kidneys and appears to contribute largely to the greater increases in renal resistance seen in SHR kidneys on infusion of L-5-HTP. Enhanced renal serotonin formation may elevate blood pressure, whereas enhanced renal DA formation would favor blood pressure lowering, perhaps as a compensatory mechanism. PMID- 3484536 TI - The relationship of anti-DNA antibody idiotypes and anti-cardiolipin antibodies to disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The detection of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and anti-DNA antibody idiotypes has shown utility in a prospective assessment of 42 lupus patients over a 1-year study period. However, so broad is the range of clinical and serological features included in the diagnostic category of SLE that even a combination of tests will often inadequately reflect disease activity at a given time. For the foreseeable future the value of laboratory investigations will probably lie in supporting clinical judgment of the nature of a patient's illness and the severity of the target organ's dysfunction. PMID- 3484535 TI - Distribution of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in experimental animals studied by postiron emission tomography and whole body autoradiography. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a selective potent neurotoxin which has induced a syndrome similar to parkinsonism both in man and in monkeys. At autopsy degeneration of pigmented nerve cells in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra has been confirmed. The regional distribution of intravenously administered 1-(11C-methyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (11C-MPTP) in the brain of Rhesus monkeys was studied by positron emission tomography and the whole body distribution in mice was documented by autoradiography and by impulse counting of selected tissues. A very rapid and high uptake of 11C-MPTP derived radioactivity was seen in areas corresponding to striatum and midbrain, including the substantia nigra area. No elimination from these regions was seen during the study period of 2 h. The uptake was in the order of 7-8 times the homogenous distribution of the radioactivity in the monkey. The uptake was generally high also in other regions of the brain, but there some elimination could be distinguished. Pretreatment of the monkey with spiperone, a selective dopamine receptor antagonist, did not alter uptake nor the kinetics of the 11C-MPTP derived radioactivity. Thus 11C-MPTP does not have a high affinity for postsynaptic dopamine receptors. A remarkably high uptake of 11C-MPTP derived radioactivity was seen in the eye of the monkey. The selective uptake of radioactivity in the eye was also confirmed in pigmented but not in albino mice. The melanin affinity of MPTP may cause high intracellular concentrations of the compound or its metabolites in the melanin containing nerve cells in substantia nigra, which may explain the serious vulnerability of these neurons to MPTP. PMID- 3484537 TI - Hypertension among urban and rural Tongans. AB - A cross-sectional study of urban and rural Tongans showed the prevalence of hypertension to be 8.4%. Hypertension occurred more often in urban men than in women. Systolic blood pressure (BP) showed a significant increase with age in all groups, except among rural men. Multivariant discriminant analysis identified the characteristics that were associated with a raised BP. The independent variables were selected for entry into the analysis on the basis of their power to separate BP categories, using Rao's V as the generalized measure of distance between groups. Age and body build (BMI or Fatsum) accounted for most differences between normotensive and hypertensive persons, especially in women. The fasting plasma glucose level was a significant discriminating characteristic for both men and women. The packed red cell volume was the most powerful single discriminating characteristic in men and the serum triglyceride level in women. The use of each characteristic to classify individuals by BP category may help clinicians to use cross-sectional data when deciding on the treatment of raised BP. PMID- 3484538 TI - Uracil-DNA glycosylase activity in human blood cells. AB - We studied uracil-DNA glycosylase activities systematically in all types of human peripheral blood cells. The highest amounts of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity were found in cells capable of using their genetic information either in DNA replicative or repair synthesis or in DNA transcription. These cells included cytotoxic/suppressor and inducer/helper T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes. On the other hand, the peripheral blood mature end cells, erythrocytes, platelets and granulocytes, contained very little if any uracil-DNA glycosylase activity. In addition to this biological capacity, we show that the housekeeping excision repair capacity of uracil-DNA glycosylase is well maintained in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells throughout life from the neonatal period to old age. PMID- 3484539 TI - Recommended dietary allowances and the health of the elderly. PMID- 3484540 TI - Development of IgA multiple myeloma in a patient with aplastic anemia treated with antithymocyte globulin. PMID- 3484541 TI - Direct evidence for chromosomal inversion during T-cell receptor beta-gene rearrangements. AB - A germline T-cell receptor variable region (V beta) gene segment (V beta 14) has been mapped 10 kilobases to the 3' side of the constant region (C beta 2) gene. The V beta 14 gene segment is in an inverted transcriptional polarity relative to the diversity-region (D beta) and joining-region (J beta) gene segments and the C beta genes. Analyses of a T-cell clone (J 6.19), which has productively rearranged the V beta 14 gene segment, indicate that the productive V beta-D beta J beta rearrangement and its reciprocal flank recombination product are linked and located at either border of a chromosomal inversion. These data demonstrate for the first time a linkage between mammalian V and C genes and verify that a functional T-cell receptor V beta gene can be constructed through a chromosomal inversion. PMID- 3484542 TI - 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine is neurotoxic to the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. AB - Systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is neurotoxic to cerebral dopaminergic neurones in several animal species, and can cause parkinsonism in man. The mechanism of this action may be indirect. MPTP is oxidized in the brain to a pyridinium species, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)6. This oxidation is greatly decreased by inhibition of monoamine oxidase B6, as are the biochemical effects of MPTP in the mouse and its neurotoxicity in the monkey. We now show that MPP+ exerts a powerful neurotoxic action on the nigrostriatal dopamine system of the rodent. PMID- 3484543 TI - Ontogeny of natural killer cells. PMID- 3484544 TI - Clone controversy at Immunex. PMID- 3484545 TI - Evaluation of T colony-stimulating factor in patients with lipoid nephrosis. PMID- 3484547 TI - Barbiturates reduce human cerebral glucose metabolism. AB - We studied the effect of barbiturates on local cerebral glucose metabolism by performing positron emission scans before and after withdrawal of phenobarbital or primidone. The postwithdrawal scan showed a significant increase (mean, 37%) in seven of eight cortical regions tested. Patients who had serial scans without a drug change showed a nonsignificant tendency for metabolic rates to go down on the second scan (mean decrease, 7%). Addition or deletion of a single drug other than barbiturate did not change metabolic rates on repeat scans. The depression in cerebral glucose metabolic rate due to phenobarbital, if confirmed, may have bearing on the adverse neuropsychological effects of the drug. PMID- 3484546 TI - Defective in vitro T cell colony formation in patients with membranous nephropathy. PMID- 3484548 TI - Color vision screening and viewing conditions: the problem of misdiagnosis. AB - The most popular techniques for assessing color vision, the pseudoisochromatic tests, have been found to differ widely in their sensitivity to changes in viewing conditions. A significant number of color-normal subjects will be misdiagnosed as color defective by some of the standard tests with even relatively minor variations from standardized viewing conditions. These results appear to have strong implications for the use of the tests in many applied settings which precise control over viewing conditions is difficult. In particular, as the consequences of a misdiagnosis become very serious, the tests must be used with special caution. If we were to recommend one test for use, our findings point to the Ishihara, which appears impervious to variation in viewing conditions. PMID- 3484549 TI - Complications of acute respiratory failure. AB - Many complications can occur during the management of acute respiratory failure and may involve multiple organs. Some of these complications can be avoided by preventive measures. We find evaluation of serial chest roentgenograms extremely useful for the early detection of several complications (figure 4). In addition, prophylactic use of heparin to prevent pulmonary emboli, prophylactic antacid or cimetidine therapy to prevent gastric bleeding, careful monitoring of renal function, appropriate measures to reduce the incidence of colonization and nosocomial infection, and early recognition of nosocomial infections are some of the measures essential to increased survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. PMID- 3484550 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding urotensin I precursor. AB - The primary structure of the precursor of urotensin I, a neuropeptide hormone from the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp Cyprinus carpio, has been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to the mRNA encoding it. The precursor consists of 145 amino acid residues and the carboxyl terminus represents the 41-amino acid sequence of urotensin I, preceded by Lys-Arg and followed by Gly-Lys. Sequence homology as well as similar organization of the precursors of urotensin I and mammalian corticotropin releasing factors suggest that they are evolutionarily related. RNA transfer blot analysis indicates that mRNA encoding the precursor of urotensin I is present only in the spinal cord and not in the brain, intestine, liver, or kidney of the carp. PMID- 3484552 TI - Effects of auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimental pain threshold. AB - This study was conducted to examine the effects of high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at auricular acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold. Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups or to a control group. Subjects in the two treatment groups received high intensity TENS to either appropriate or inappropriate (placebo) acupuncture points on one ear. Experimental pain threshold at the ipsilateral wrist was determined with a painful electrical stimulus before and after ear stimulation. Only the group receiving stimulation of appropriate ear acupuncture points exhibited a significant increase (p less than .01) in experimental pain threshold after ear stimulation. The comparable placebo and control groups, again, did not exhibit significant pretest-posttest differences in experimental pain threshold. The results suggest that, if applied accurately, auricular TENS can increase pain threshold. Further research is needed to assess the effects of this technique on patient groups. PMID- 3484551 TI - Eosinophil differentiation factor also has B-cell growth factor activity: proposed name interleukin 4. AB - A mouse lymphokine that stimulates the production of functional eosinophils in liquid bone marrow cultures has recently been described [Sanderson, C.J., Warren, D.J. & Strath, M. (1985) J. Exp. Med. 162, 60-74]. This factor appears to be specific for the eosinophil lineage in hemopoietic differentiation and is analogous to colony-stimulating factors described for other hemopoietic lineages. In this paper we report that this factor appears to be identical to the B-cell growth factor II described by Swain and Dutton [Swain, S.L. & Dutton, R.W. (1982) J. Exp. Med. 156, 1821-1834]. This conclusion is based on the coordinate expression of the two activities by a panel of alloreactive T-cell clones and lines and on copurification through a series of protein separation techniques. The reason for a single lymphokine's having these widely differing biological activities is unclear, and its duality presents problems in using terminology based on either assay system. For this reason we propose the name "interleukin 4" for this molecule, and we suggest the defining property should be its eosinophil differentiating activity. PMID- 3484553 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after cesarean birth. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if women who had Cesarean birth experiences and used transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as a means of pain control requested less pain medication and had shorter hospital stays than those who did not use TENS. I reviewed the medical charts of 72 women (46 using TENS, 26 not using TENS) retrospectively. Significantly less (F = 5.77; df = 1,65; p less than .02) meperidine hydrochloride was administered to the women who used TENS. The length of hospital stay of women using TENS was not significantly different than those who did not use TENS. My findings suggest that the use of TENS after Cesarean birth may result in decreased usage of medication and, therefore, a reduction of the side effects of the medication both to the mother and the infant. PMID- 3484554 TI - Ventilation imaging with positron emission tomography and nitrogen 13. AB - Ventilation imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) and highly insoluble nitrogen 13 (N-13) was performed in one healthy volunteer and ten patients. These PET studies showed the three-dimensional distribution of ventilation abnormalities, such as peripheral air trapping, which xenon 133 studies had not revealed. Therefore, PET with N-13 may help elucidate more precisely the distribution and nature of ventilation abnormalities in various diseases. PMID- 3484555 TI - Acoustic neuromas: Gd-DTPA enhancement in MR imaging. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations were performed in ten patients with 12 acoustic neuromas before and after intravenous administration of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). The degree of enhancement was greatest with the inversion recovery sequence 1,500/500/44 (repetition time [TR]/inversion time/echo delay time [TE]), followed by spin-echo (SE) 544/44 (TR/TE) sequences, then by SE 1,500/44 and SE 1,500/80 sequences. After enhancement there was a 50% reduction for measured T1 values, 33% for T2, and no significant change for proton density. There were no toxic effects on patients. Enhanced CT scans failed to demonstrate lesions in six of 12 cases. Air CT technique improved sensitivity in four of five cases. Enhanced MR imaging added significant clinical information in two small intracanalicular tumors and in one recurrent tumor. PMID- 3484556 TI - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: assessment with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells. AB - The diagnostic value of scintigraphy with technetium-99m labeled red blood cells (Tc-RBC) was assessed in 19 patients with clinical suggestion of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (SSST). Comparison of Tc-RBC static images with dynamic flow studies in the brain showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 86%, and accuracy of 94% for static studies and values of 87%, 20%, and 61%, respectively, for the flow studies. Tc-RBC scintigraphy enables direct visualization of the integrity of the superior sagittal sinus, whereas CT scanning shows various but nonspecific changes in the brain associated with SSST. Single-photon emission CT study using Tc-RBC, performed in six patients, appears to have potential in the diagnosis of SSST, allowing separation of vascular structures that are superimposed on the superior sagittal sinus in planar scintigraphy study. PMID- 3484557 TI - Specific immunosuppression by immunotoxins containing daunomycin. AB - Daunomycin, when conjugated with a targeting antigen by an acid-sensitive spacer, remains inactive at the intravascular pH of 7 but becomes active after cleavage within the acidic lysosomal environment of the target cell. This observation made it possible to construct cytocidal compounds that caused antigen-specific suppression of murine lymphocyte function. When daunomycin was coupled to the hapten conjugate of ovalbumin by an acid-sensitive cis-aconityl group, it caused hapten-specific impairment of immunocompetence in murine B lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the response by T lymphocytes to concanavalin A in vitro was selectively eliminated by a conjugate between daunomycin plus the acid sensitive spacer and a monoclonal antibody specific for T cells. PMID- 3484559 TI - Severe isolated left mainstem coronary artery stenosis. A case report. AB - A 33-year-old white man had exertional angina pectoris, followed by angina pectoris at rest, and then episodes of ischaemic acute pulmonary oedema associated with angina pectoris. Selective coronary angiography delineated an isolated long-segment stenosis of the left mainstem coronary artery with no other lesions. We believe that the mainstem obstruction was due to coronary artery fibromuscular hyperplasia, a condition rarely affecting the coronary artery circulation. At operation three coronary artery bypass grafts were inserted, one to the left anterior descending artery and two to the left circumflex coronary artery, with a most successful result. The patient's recurrent acute pulmonary oedema was due to severe myocardial ischaemia; the possibility of superadded coronary vasospasm aggravating the obstruction cannot be entirely discounted. PMID- 3484558 TI - T-cell recognition of Ia molecules selectively altered by a single amino acid substitution. AB - T lymphocytes recognize foreign antigen together with allele-specific determinants on membrane-bound class I and class II (Ia) gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. To identify amino acids of class II molecules critical to this recognition process, the genes encoding the beta chains of the I Ak molecule were cloned from a wild-type B-cell hybridoma and from an immunoselected variant subline showing distinct serological and T-cell stimulatory properties. Nucleotide sequencing and DNA-mediated gene transfer established that a single base transition (G----A) encoding a change from glutamic acid to lysine at position 67 in the I-Ak beta molecule accounted for all the observed phenotypic changes of the variant cells. These results confirm the importance of residues 62 to 78 in the amino terminal domain of I-A beta for class II-restricted T-cell recognition of antigen and demonstrate the ability of a single substitution in this region to alter this recognition event. PMID- 3484560 TI - An analysis of blood culture isolates from 7 South African teaching hospital centres. AB - The data on blood culture isolates for 1983 and January - July 1984 reported by the Antibiotic Study Group of South Africa have been analysed to determine national and regional prevalences of different micro-organisms and resistance to certain antibiotics. Although there are significant differences in isolation frequencies between the various centres, overall the five most frequent isolates are Staphylococcus aureus (1983 - 15%; 1984 - 14%), Escherichia coli (13%), Klebsiella spp. (11%; 10%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (9%), and Salmonella typhi (7%; 13%). Staph. aureus ranks first in most centres for 1983 but is displaced in some in 1984 by enteric Gram-negative bacilli. In Durban S. typhi is the most common isolate for the entire period. Methicillin resistance among Staph. aureus is common (approximately 30% overall), especially in the Transvaal. Gentamicin resistance among certain Gram-negative bacilli is a problem in many centres and is especially disturbing in the case of Klebsiella spp., of which over 30% of total isolates are resistant. Ampicillin resistance for Haemophilus influenzae varies from nil to over 30% in different centres, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci are still encountered (nil to over 10%). PMID- 3484561 TI - Intracranial hematomas following aneurysmal rupture: experience with 309 cases. AB - Three hundred and nine consecutive cases of intracranial hematomas due to aneurysmal rupture--representing 34% of the total number of patients with aneurysms observed in a 12-year period--were evaluated; of these, 211 were submitted to computed tomography scan. Hematomas were present on admission in 71% of patients and occurred at rebleeding in 29%. Ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms caused an intracranial hematoma more frequently than aneurysms in other locations. Ventricular hematomas were frequently observed--especially at rebleeding--in cases with anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Basal ganglia hematomas were detected in eight cases with internal carotid bifurcation aneurysms and in three with middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Subdural hematomas were observed in 32 cases, mainly due to ruptured middle-cerebral-artery and internal-carotid-artery aneurysms. As for clinical evolution, a rapid deterioration was observed in 39% of cases and a chronic course in 46%; a subacute deterioration was far less frequent. Delayed deterioration from vasospasm was observed in 8% of cases, and appeared to be related to the amount of subarachnoid bleeding associated with the hematoma. One hundred and forty-two patients were submitted to surgical treatment (evacuation of hematoma together with exclusion of aneurysm); deep coma, poor medical condition, stabilized neurological disability, or combinations of these factors accounted for the high number of patients not operated upon. Regardless of treatment, 24% of patients showed good results and 58% died. Presence of a large hematoma, ventricular hemorrhage, and shift of the ventricles represented significant risk factors, associated with a poor prognosis. A comparison between two groups of patients admitted within 3 days of hemorrhage--47 operated on early, and 149 with delayed treatment--showed that better results were achieved by early operations, especially for cases in Hunt's grades IV and V. PMID- 3484562 TI - Successful removal of a brainstem hemangioblastoma. AB - This is the report of the surgical removal of a solitary hemangioblastoma that had developed in the left nucleus cuneatus of the medulla oblongata. The surgical intervention was simple and no technical or anesthetic problems were encountered. In spite of the patient's extremely serious neurological state before the operation, his nervous functions reverted virtually to normal. PMID- 3484563 TI - Management of spasmodic torticollis. AB - Based on a review of the literature, the management of spasmodic torticollis may begin with the conservative measures of pharmacotherapy, sensory feedback, or percutaneous dorsal column stimulation. Approximately 50% of patients will benefit from an adequate trial of these modalities. With particularly resistant and disabling torticollis, the ablative procedures of microsurgical cervical rhizotomy or stereotaxic thalamotomy have offered significant relief in about 74% and 56%, respectively, of properly selected cases. Nevertheless, the variability in the duration of response to all forms of therapy has made the treatment of spasmodic torticollis a difficult and often frustrating undertaking. PMID- 3484564 TI - Lack of genetic restriction by a potential anti-idiotype vaccine for type B viral hepatitis. AB - Anti-idiotype (anti-Id) reagents that bear an internal image capable of mimicking hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were used to induce an antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) response in both rabbits and chimpanzees. The anti-idiotype induced antibody response produced in rabbits recognized HBsAg determinants associated with the induction of protective immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Attesting further to the specificity was the binding of the rabbit anti-idiotype to the anti-idiotype induced anti-HBs containing sera. Our findings suggest that genetic restrictions associated with the induction of an interspecies immune response may not be a limitation of anti-idiotype based vaccines. In addition, anti-idiotype immunization also produced an anti-HBs in chimpanzees, a species susceptible to infection with human HBV. These data demonstrate that internal image-bearing anti-idiotype reagents can induce an immune response across species barriers. Additionally, the reagents represent a viable alternative approach to vaccination against agents such as hepatitis B virus that cause human disease. PMID- 3484565 TI - "Horseshoe" lung: report of five new cases. AB - A "horseshoe" lung is a rare congenital anomaly in which the posterobasal segments of the right and left lungs are fused behind the pericardial reflection at the cardiac apex. Most patients with such pulmonary fusion share many of those cardiovascular anomalies typical of the "scimitar" or hypogenetic right lung syndrome. The clinical diagnosis of horseshoe lung can be made by pulmonary angiography, which shows a branch of the right pulmonary artery originating from its proximal but inferior aspect and coursing into the left hemithorax. Thus, there are two conditions in which an artery from the right lung supplies part or all of the left lung: errant right pulmonary artery in the horseshoe lung deformity and so-called left pulmonary artery sling. PMID- 3484566 TI - Horseshoe lung: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features and a new plain film finding. AB - Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital malformation in which an isthmus of pulmonary parenchyma extends from the right lung base across the midline behind the pericardium and fuses with the base of the left lung. Six cases are presented and eight previously published case reports are reviewed. Eleven of these 14 cases occur in conjunction with scimitar syndrome, the complex of anomalies including hypoplasia of the right lung, anomalous right pulmonary venous return, and anomalous arterial supply to the right lung. Differentiation of scimitar syndrome from horseshoe lung can be made on the plain chest film, if, in addition to the typical radiographic findings of scimitar syndrome, there is evidence of a fine linear density in the medial aspect of the left base representing the lateral extent of the pulmonary isthmus. Recognition of horseshoe lung is important because children present in the first few years of life with significant respiratory symptoms, whereas the scimitar syndrome alone is usually discovered fortuitously after the first decade of life. PMID- 3484567 TI - "Communicating" bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. AB - The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of four children with uncommon variations of congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are presented. In each case, the malformation included a persistent communication between lung tissue and the gastrointestinal tract. One case, in which an esophageal bronchus was associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, is considered extremely unusual. The embryogenesis of these communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations is outlined, and the key radiologic features are discussed. PMID- 3484568 TI - Dimensions of the growing trachea related to age and gender. AB - Computed tomography measured the lengths, anteroposterior (AP) diameters, transverse diameters, cross-sectional areas, and contained volumes of the tracheas of 130 subjects in their first two decades. Patients below age 6 were scanned at low lung volumes. The others were scanned at or near total lung capacity. The results are shown by age and gender. There were no differences between boys and girls until age 14, when girls' tracheas stopped growing. The data suggest that male tracheas continue to enlarge (but not lengthen) for a time after growth in height ceases. Mean transverse diameters tended to be greater than mean AP diameters to the age of 6; the diameters were then nearly identical until age 18, when the AP diameters usually became slightly larger. The tracheas were nearly round in cross section, especially at high lung volumes. In individual tracheas, changes from level to level were small. These measurements should be useful in the detection of tracheal abnormalities, in problems in respiratory physiology, and in endotracheal intubation, endoscopy, and tracheostomy. PMID- 3484569 TI - Microcolon of prematurity: a form of functional obstruction. AB - Six premature infants (birth weights 920-1320 g) developed marked abdominal distension after birth, and contrast enema examination showed a microcolon. Four of the six were born to mothers with toxemia who received magnesium sulfate. Bilious emesis was absent in all six, despite marked distension and failure to pass meconium. None of the patients had aganglionosis or cystic fibrosis; five of six were followed without surgery and recovered spontaneously. The sixth had perforation 8 hr after contrast enema and required bowel diversion; this infant also survived. This appears to be an equivalent form in small premature infants of the "small-left-colon syndrome" seen in term infants. Surgery should be reserved for complications; it is not necessarily indicated by the finding of a microcolon in such patients. PMID- 3484570 TI - The radiologic "lead band" revisited. AB - After prolonged heavy metal exposure (e.g., lead) "lead bands" develop at the metaphyseal ends of growing bones. These "lead bands," while a constant finding, are used as additional laboratory evidence to diagnose plumbism. In this study, the role of the proximal fibula in distinguishing physiologic sclerosis from pathologic thickening of the zone of provisional calcification is assessed. In addition, laboratory values are compared to radiographic findings in a controlled fashion to establish levels at which "lead bands" appear. The former is a useful adjunct in the radiographic diagnosis of plumbism, while the minimum blood levels at which "lead bands" are seen is much lower than previously described. PMID- 3484572 TI - Cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas. AB - One hundred ninety-eight surgically explored pituitary adenomas were evaluated preoperatively by high-resolution computed tomography (CT). At surgery, evidence of direct cavernous sinus invasion was demonstrated in 19. CT findings in these cases included cavernous sinus expansion (17 patients) and visible encasement of the internal carotid artery (14 patients). The invasive tumor often enhanced to a lesser degree than the cavernous sinuses and ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Intracavernous cranial nerve compression, obliteration, or displacement (14 patients), invasion of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus (seven patients), and diffuse bone destruction (seven cases) were other findings. Magnetic resonance imaging in three patients provided excellent demonstration of intracavernous internal carotid artery encasement, but displacement and obliteration of intracavernous cranial nerves was not shown as well as it was with CT. Histologically, only three patients showed anaplastic features and only one of them had distant metastases. There was no correlation between histologic features, hormone assays, and invasiveness. This experience indicates any type of pituitary adenoma, regardless of its endocrinologic activity, can invade the cavernous sinus. Cavernous sinus involvement makes complete surgical removal difficult. Preoperative recognition of invasive behavior of these tumors has prognostic value and aids in designing appropriate management. CT is the most useful technique generally available for evaluation and follow-up. PMID- 3484573 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of the posterior pituitary. AB - From a series of 700 thin, axial, contrast-enhanced CT scans of the sellar region, the posterior lobe of the pituitary was studied. Empty sellae and pituitary lesions larger than 8 mm in diameter were excluded from the study. Of the 320 remaining axial contrast-enhanced CT scans, the posterior lobe of the pituitary was apparent in 124 (39%) as an oval lucency 3-4 mm thick, located medially or paramedially just in front of the dorsum sellae. Normally, the anterior limit of the posterior lobe is always regularly convex forward, but in the presence of a microadenoma of the anterior lobe it may be compressed. The lesser enhancement of the posterior lobe probably correlates with the different volumes of the interstitial spaces in the anterior and in the posterior lobes. The normal picture of the posterior lobe of the pituitary must not be confused with a posteriorly located microadenoma. PMID- 3484571 TI - Indium-111 leukocyte scanning localization for detecting early myocarditis in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3484574 TI - Intracranial calcification in adults with chronic lead exposure. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings of cerebral and cerebellar calcification are described in three American adults with raised serum lead levels and known exposure to lead for 30 or more years. Calcification patterns were punctiform, curvilinear, speck-like, and diffuse and were found in the subcortical area, basal ganglia, vermis, and cerebellum. Admission serum lead levels ranged from 54 to 72 micrograms/dl (normal, 0-30 micrograms/dl). Nonspecific neurologic manifestations consisted of dementia, diminished visual acuity, peripheral neuropathy, syncope, dizziness, nystagmus, easy fatigue, and back pain. Two patients developed chronic renal disease and hypertension; in both cases, serum parathormone was elevated. Blood, calcium, and phosphorus were normal in all three. No other structural abnormalities were observed with CT. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism of these findings remains poorly understood, it is suggested that chronic lead exposure should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained intracranial calcifications in adults. PMID- 3484575 TI - Radiographic findings in 32 cases of primary CNS lymphoma. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) or angiographic (or both) findings were analyzed in 32 cases of pathologically proved primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system. CT scans were available in 28 of the 32 cases. Thirty lesions were found in the 28 cases. In comparison with previous literature, the frequency of involvement of deep central structures (30%), multiple lesions (11%), and subependymal lesions (4%) was lower and that of lesions in the periphery of the supratentorial compartment was higher (46%). In agreement with previous literature, most of the lesions were of increased density (63%), enhanced (100%), and enhanced homogeneously (71%). Twenty-nine of the 32 patients underwent cerebral angiography. In 12 patients, a homogeneous vascular stain was found that appeared in the late arterial or early venous phase and had a meningiomalike pattern. This staining pattern has not been emphasized sufficiently in previous literature. It was believed that such an angiographic pattern in a dense, homogeneously enhancing parenchymal lesion is suggestive of a primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in one patient with two lesions, and both lesions demonstrated prolonged T2 relaxation times. PMID- 3484576 TI - Cervical spinal cord injuries in patients with cervical spondylosis. AB - Eighty-eight patients over age 40 with traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries were clinically and radiographically evaluated, and comparison was made with 35 spinal cord injury patients under age 36. While most older patients sustained obvious bony and/or ligamentous damage commensurate with their neurologic findings, 25 (28%) of the 88 patients had no demonstrable bony abnormalities and 17 (20%) of the 88 patients had only minimal evidence of bony injury. Of particular interest are the patients with severe cord injuries, yet no bony abnormalities, who seem to form a distinct subgroup of the cervical spinal cord injury patient on the basis of radiographic and clinical features. Of these 25 patients, 24 (96%) had severe cervical spondylosis. Fourteen (56%) of the 25 patients were injured in falls, five (36%) of these 14 being of a seemingly trivial nature. Of the 42 patients with minimal or no demonstrable bony abnormalities, 33 (79%) were evaluated with plain tomography and no occult fractures or other significant pathology was demonstrated. Pantopaque myelography in 27 (64%) of the 42 cases revealed no extruded disk or other surgical lesion in any patient. In large measure, these injuries can be attributed to cervical spondylosis, which narrows the canal and makes the cord more susceptible to compression by the bulging ligamenta flava during hyperextension. PMID- 3484577 TI - The role of CT in staging radiographic T1N0M0 lung cancer. AB - Thirty-one patients with non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma and standard chest radiographs showing T1N0M0 tumors underwent preoperative chest and upper abdominal computed tomography (CT) with subsequent thorough surgical-pathologic correlation of their disease status. Eight patients (25.8%) had tissue-proven mediastinal or distant metastasis at presentation. In five (62.5%) of these eight patients the presence of unresectable disease was detected by CT and an unnecessary thoracotomy was avoided. These five patients comprised three with mediastinal lymph-node metastasis, one with adrenal metastasis, and one with a coexistent contralateral, proximal endobronchial tumor. Three patients with unresectable disease not detected by CT (CT false negatives) had metastasis to normal-sized mediastinal lymph nodes. There were two CT false-positive diagnoses of adrenal metastasis in patients proven by CT-guided aspiration to have benign adrenal masses, and these patients subsequently underwent curative lung resection. Although the data base is relatively small, the authors conclude that preoperative CT may be useful in evaluating patients with radiographic T1N0M0 lung cancer. PMID- 3484578 TI - Low-attenuation thoracic metastases in testicular malignancy. AB - Low-density abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes are seen in nearly half of patients with testicular cancers. Thoracic low-attenuation metastases are much less common. Three cases of low-density metastases to lung parenchyma and mediastinal nodes are presented. In a man of appropriate age, a low-attenuation pulmonary or mediastinal mass should prompt a search for a primary testicular neoplasm. PMID- 3484579 TI - Talc: understanding its manifestations in the chest. AB - Four distinct forms of pulmonary disease caused by talc have been defined. The first form, talcosilicosis, is caused by talc mined with high-silica-content mineral. Findings in this form are identical with those of silicosis. Talcoasbestosis closely resembles asbestosis and is produced by crystalline talc, generally inhaled with asbestos fibers. Pathologic and radiographic abnormalities are virtually identical with those of asbestosis, including calcifications and malignant tumor formation. The third form, talcosis, caused by inhalation of pure talc, may include acute or chronic bronchitis as well as interstitial inflammation; radiographically, it appears as interstitial reticulations or small, irregular nodules, typical of small-airway obstruction. The fourth form, due to intravenous administration of talc, is usually associated with abuse of oral medications and production of vascular granulomas manifested by consolidations, large nodules, and masses. Radiographic abnormalities associated with talc can be predicted when there is sufficient history of the nature of exposure, including the region of origin of the talc in cases of inhalation. Radiographic changes, such as diaphragmatic plaques, often attributed to both talc and asbestos have not been documented to be caused by talc alone. The author provides review of 18 well-documented cases. PMID- 3484580 TI - Chronic posttraumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta: surgically correctable occult threat. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings of 11 patients with a chronic traumatic aneurysm were reviewed. Each patient had been under medical care at the time of injury but acute aortic rupture was not recognized in any, although several signs of mediastinal hemorrhage were present on the immediate posttraumatic radiographs. The average time between the initial trauma and the detection of the aneurysm was 5.3 years. Seven patients showed no or minimal specific complaints. Four patients showed more or less severe complaints of dysphagia, severe thoracic pain, hoarseness, and dyspnea. In all patients the chest radiograph was abnormal: Four patients showed a mass lesion at the level of the aortic knob. The other seven patients showed contour deformities of the descending aorta, sometimes subtle, with (five) or without (two) calcification. Esophagography and CT were useful in several patients. In the light of the unpredictable course of a chronic traumatic aneurysm and the low operative mortality, early operation after detection is recommended. Preoperative angiography is usually desirable. PMID- 3484581 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of chronic myocardial infarcts in man. AB - To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of chronic myocardial infarction (MI), 22 patients and several normal volunteers were studied with a 0.35-T cryogenic imaging system. The MIs were 9 months to 16 years old. The patients also had either left ventriculography (17 patients) or two-dimensional echocardiography (17 patients). At least one abnormality indicative of prior infarction was demonstrated on MRI in 20 of the 22 patients. Wall thinning was seen in 20 patients; in six of these, the thinning resulted in aneurysm formation. The other 14 patients had sufficient residual wall thickness to permit measurement of T2 relaxation times and MR signal intensity in the infarcted region. Ten of these 14 patients demonstrated low intensity and shortened T2 of the thinned segments (mean T2 = 28.7 msec) compared to adjacent normal myocardium (mean T2 = 45.4 msec) and to the myocardium of volunteers (mean T2 = 41.3 msec). The percentage of difference in intensity between thinned and normal myocardium was greater on 56-msec-TE images (98.2%) than on 28-msec-TE images (46.1%). In the other four patients, no difference in intensity of the myocardium was perceptible in the thinned region of the myocardial wall. Thus MRI shows regional wall thinning at the site of prior MI. In some patients, the chronic infarct is characterized as decreased spin-echo signal intensity and shortened T2 consistent with replacement of myocardium by fibrous scar. PMID- 3484582 TI - Strangulated diaphragmatic hernia with pneumothorax due to colopleural fistula. PMID- 3484583 TI - Plasma electrolyte status after small-bowel enteroclysis. AB - Plasma electrolyte values were measured in 10 consecutive patients before and after small-bowel enteroclysis. All patients had normal electrolyte values before enteroclysis. No clinically significant change in electrolyte status was observed after enteroclysis, although some dilution occurred. Small-bowel enteroclysis can be safely performed in patients with normal plasma electrolyte values. PMID- 3484584 TI - Localization of 99mTc-HMDP in hepatic metastases from colonic carcinoma. AB - To evaluate the significance and frequency of skeletal imaging agent localization in hepatic metastases from colonic carcinoma, scintigrams from 54 patients were retrospectively studied. Of 54 patients, 22 had hepatic metastases, and skeletal metastases were present in seven of 54. Six of the seven patients with skeletal metastases had concurrent hepatic deposits. Two patterns of bone agent localization in liver metastases occurred: diffuse and mild (10 patients) and ringlike in appearance (two patients). Twelve of the 22 patients had localization of skeletal imaging agent in hepatic metastases and extensive or large liver lesions. Concurrent serum calcium values for nine of 12 patients were reviewed; none had a high level of serum calcium. Among available plain films and /or CT scans of the abdomen for 21 of the 22 patients, only one patient with extensive colonic metastases had multiple calcifications shown on CT but not seen in plain films. The data indicate a high frequency of hepatic metastases in colon carcinoma (22/54, 40%) and a high frequency of skeletal imaging agent localization in the hepatic colonic metastases (12/22, 54.5%). Once skeletal metastases are observed, there are almost always hepatic metastases present (6/7). There was no relation between elevated serum calcium values and bone agent localization in hepatic deposits. The relation between skeletal imaging agent localization or radiographic calcifications and histopathology of colonic carcinoma was inconclusive. The presence of bone agent localization in a 99mTc hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) bone study indicates colonic hepatic metastases that are substantially widespread and/or bulky. PMID- 3484585 TI - Incidental prostatic carcinoma detected by MRI and diagnosed by MRI/CT-guided biopsy. PMID- 3484586 TI - MRI in the detection of malignant infiltration of bone marrow. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0.35 T with a superconductive magnet was performed on 80 patients with known or suspected malignant disease of the bone marrow. The group comprised 50 patients with known primary malignancy and 30 with known multiple myeloma. The MRI scan was correlated with plain films and radionuclide bone scans. In 40 patients with suspected metastatic disease, areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted spin-echo images were observed. Ten patients had no MRI evidence of metastasis, and the abnormalities suspected on bone scanning were shown to be due to other causes. All the myeloma patients had abnormalities demonstrated by MRI. This was significant, since most had normal bone scans. All diagnoses were confirmed by needle biopsy. MRI was shown to be a sensitive method of detecting areas of malignancy within the bone marrow toward which biopsy could be directed. PMID- 3484587 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of arachnoid cysts destroying the sacrum. PMID- 3484588 TI - CT arthrography of capsular structures of the shoulder. AB - The capsular mechanism of the shoulder joint consists of the joint capsule, which is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligaments and the rotator cuff, the glenoid labrum, and a variable number of synovial recesses. Although the fibrous capsule is a lax structure, the normal function of the capsular mechanism makes it an effective barrier against anterior dislocation, particularly in external rotation. There has been a tendency in the past to overestimate the role of the glenoid labrum in stability of the shoulder joint. In patients with instability, the significance of the capsular attachment or its anomalous insertions to the glenoid has not been adequately recognized. Labral tears may develop as secondary lesions due to repeated dislocations and subluxations rather than representing the primary lesion responsible for instability. Operative visualization of capsular defects or detachments is often difficult. Prior knowledge of these lesions can effectively help the choice of an appropriate surgical procedure and reduce operating time. The results of computed tomographic (CT) arthrography of the shoulder joint in 45 patients are reported and the normal and pathologic variations of the joint capsule and particularly the capsular insertions are described. Configuration of the joint recesses and the glenoid labrum are also evaluated. These CT findings were correlated and verified by surgery or arthroscopy in 26 cases. PMID- 3484589 TI - A modified Cope introducing dilator to allow straight guide wire introduction. PMID- 3484590 TI - Markers for implanted devices: need for standardization. PMID- 3484591 TI - Radiological aspects of primary hyperoxaluria. AB - Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate. Nephrocalcinosis with or without calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis leads to renal failure in infancy through young adulthood. Oxalosis is the condition in which the highly insoluble calcium oxalate crystals are deposited in extrarenal tissues including bone, blood vessels, heart, and the male urogenital system. The radiographic abnormalities in 14 patients with primary hyperoxaluria are described. These abnormalities include nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, dense vascular calcifications, abnormal bone density, and characteristic metaphyseal abnormalities. Changes of renal osteodystrophy and pathologic fractures are common. Radiographic bone abnormalities are dependent on the age of the patient when renal failure occurred and the degree of success of renal transplantation. Characteristic skeletal changes are present in six of seven patients who developed renal failure when less than 7 years of age. PMID- 3484592 TI - Solenoid surface coils in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - A nonplanar solenoidal surface radiofrequency coil is used as a receiver with a conventional transmitter coil in a magnetic resonance imaging system. The improved signal-to-noise ratio, compared with that of conventional fixed saddle or solenoid receiver coils, permits higher resolution imaging and thinner image sections. In addition, the problem of signal dropoff that occurs in deep structures with planar and other noncircumferential surface coils is eliminated. Solenoid surface coils are particularly useful in imaging deep structures in anatomic regions that do not fit standard head and body coils, such as the neck, knees, and other smaller body parts. PMID- 3484593 TI - Computer-generated examinations for residents in radiology. PMID- 3484594 TI - The impact of maternity on radiologists: the AAWR position and its acceptance by women. PMID- 3484595 TI - Device identification: deficient marking systems. PMID- 3484596 TI - What radiologists say about PACS. PMID- 3484597 TI - More evidence for aortic rupture into retroperitoneum. PMID- 3484598 TI - Ascending aortic laceration. PMID- 3484599 TI - Focal lytic lesion associated with acetabular loosening in total hip prosthesis. PMID- 3484600 TI - Radiologic search for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 3484601 TI - Possible complication of percutaneous femoral introduction of Kimray-Greenfield filter. PMID- 3484602 TI - Radiologic terminology. PMID- 3484605 TI - Gastroduodenal artery aneurysm presenting as chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. PMID- 3484604 TI - Cell structure and starch nature as key determinants of the digestion rate of starch in legume. AB - The factors responsible for the slow digestibility of starch in leguminous seeds have been studied by examining microscopically the cooked seeds after various treatments and by measuring starch digestion in vitro. Starch in leguminous seeds is entrapped in parenchyma cells and swells only partially during cooking. The alpha-amylase cannot easily penetrate within the gelatinized starch granules due to steric hindrance and the physical nature of the leguminous starch. Disruption of the cells, especially before cooking increases the susceptibility of starch to alpha-amylase digestion. PMID- 3484603 TI - De novo refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary revascularization. AB - Twelve of 1,675 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting during a 2.5-year period had new onset, recurrent, sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia a mean of 27 days (range 2 to 150) postoperatively. No patient had an intra- or perioperative myocardial infarction and all patients were hemodynamically stable and had normal metabolic and electrolytic indexes at the time of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Preoperative ejection fraction was 39 +/- 10% (mean +/- standard deviation) and all patients had Lown grade II or less ventricular ectopic activity on ambulatory monitoring. Postoperative angiography demonstrated occluded saphenous vein grafts in 3 of 7 patients studied, none of whom had symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia. Treatment with conventional antiarrhythmic therapy was unsuccessful in all but 1 patient, and 10 patients were treated with amiodarone and 1 patient with propafenone. Four of these patients also received an automatic implantable defibrillator. Thus, de novo ventricular tachyarrhythmia can occur unexpectedly after coronary artery bypass grafting and may be the result of several factors related to either subclinical graft occlusion or increased dispersion of repolarization secondary to reperfusion. PMID- 3484606 TI - Formalin treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis. AB - A 71-year-old man developed severe hemorrhagic proctitis 1 year after pelvic irradiation for carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Conservative treatment as well as performance of a colostomy failed to control the rectal bleeding. After irrigation of the rectum with a formalin solution the bleeding stopped, and no recurrence has been observed for the next 14 months. PMID- 3484607 TI - Pathological findings in the esophagus after endoscopic sclerotherapy for variceal bleeding. PMID- 3484608 TI - von Willebrand disease type IIC with different abnormalities of von Willebrand factor in the same sibship. AB - A family with von Willebrand disease has been identified in which different members of the same sibship exhibit different abnormalities of von Willebrand factor (vWF). The two most severely affected sibs (bleeding time over 20 min) had abnormalities of vWF similar to those seen in type IIC. The smallest detectable multimer was increased and the triplet structure of individual multimers was replaced with a single band. The largest multimers could not be detected and there were relatively more small multimers than intermediate sized forms. vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) was decreased to 12.5-17% by electroimmunoassay (EIA) and to 3.2 5.5% by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). In the less severely affected sibling (bleeding time 12.5 min) there was a similar relative increase in the smallest detectable multimer. However, the larger multimers were present and the relative concentration of large to small multimers was similar to normal. The triplet structure was altered in that the relative proportion of satellite bands to the central predominant band was decreased. vWF:Ag concentrations were moderately decreased (40-80% by EIA and 25-35% by IRMA). The father and grandfather showed a vWF multimeric pattern similar to the less severely affected sibling but there was no decrease in vWF:Ag concentration and their bleeding times were normal. These observations suggest that the interplay of several genetic factors is responsible for the expression of von Willebrand disease in this family. PMID- 3484609 TI - Reabsorption of horseradish peroxidase by proximal tubules in rats with Heymann nephritis. AB - The distribution of the histochemical protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase, was studied in proximal tubules of rats with Heymann nephritis. Peroxidase reabsorption was substantially reduced in stage 2 of Heymann nephritis, a period during which the brush border of proximal tubules is severely damaged by specific antibodies. Impairment of the reabsorption function could not be attributed either to proteinuria or disturbances of proximal tubule metabolism and appeared to result from loss of microvilli. Recovery of brush border membrane morphology in stage 4 of Heymann nephritis was not accompanied by recovery of the normal capacity to reabsorb peroxidase. Functional deficits resulting from immunologic injury to proximal tubules in Heymann nephritis may persist despite waning of the anti-brush border antibody response and regeneration of the brush border of proximal tubule cells. PMID- 3484611 TI - Anaerobic endophthalmitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes. PMID- 3484610 TI - Corneal thinning in macular corneal dystrophy. PMID- 3484612 TI - Submaximal sodium-lack contractures in rapidly perfused frog ventricular strips. AB - Rapid perfusion of strips of frog ventricular muscle (width less than or equal to 8 mm) by sodium-free Ringer yielded contractures with very fast rates of rise (half time approximately equal to 2 s) and flat plateaus. Tension in lithium Ringer was 0.64 (0.38-0.77) of the maximal tension the muscle could produce [i.e., for an extracellular potassium concentration ([K]o) of 160 mM, and an [Na]o of 0 mM at less than 15 degrees C], showing that intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca]i) in zero [Na]o and normal [K]o was insufficient to saturate the myofilaments. Tension was related to [Ca]o in an S-shaped manner (apparent Km = 1.3 microM), was rapidly increased by electrical depolarization, high potassium, or low temperature, but was unaffected by up to 10(-5) M dihydroouabain. From these data was derived the working hypothesis that the value of [Ca]i during the contracture plateau is a steady-state value due to influx through a sodium-dependent mechanism and calcium uptake or efflux via a sodium independent mechanism. Also, 1 microM dihydroouabain increased peak twitch tension by 60% but did not potentiate tension during the plateaus of contractures obtained by partial replacement of Nao. This result supports the working hypothesis and suggests that the potentiating effect of raising Nai may depend on the membrane potential (D. A. Eisner, W. J. Ledener, and R. D. Vaughan-Jones. J. Physiol. Lond. 335: 723-743, 1983). PMID- 3484614 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of gastric acid secretion by SCN-: interrelation of SCN- flux and inhibition. AB - Effects of thiocyanate (SCN-) and imidazole on acid secretion and Cl- flux across the isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa have been examined. For open-circuited mucosae, with Cl- Ringer on the nutrient side and 110 mM Na isethionate on the secretory side, the addition of 15 mM SCN- to either the secretory or nutrient side gave equivalent reductions in acid secretion (JH) and nutrient-to-secretory Cl- flux (JnsCl) . JnsSCN, the nutrient-to-secretory flux of SCN- (0.2 mu eq . cm 2 . h-1), was much less than the decrease in JH (1.88 mu eq . cm-2 . h-1). Addition of imidazole, phosphate, or histidine to the secretory side reversed SCN inhibition of JnsCl. Addition of imidazole to the nutrient side gave equivalent restorations of JnsCl and JH. The increase in JnsSCN, 0.07 mu eq . cm-2 . h-1, was much less than the increase in either JH, 0.77, or JnsCl, 0.86 mu eq . cm-2 . h-1. Similar results were obtained for mucosae bathed with NaCl on the secretory side. With 15 mM SCN- on both sides, the flux ratio for Cl- was significantly larger (1.0) than the flux ratio for SCN- (0.47). The addition of nutrient imidazole increased the flux ratios for Cl- and SCN- to 1.29 and 1.16, respectively. Both SCN- and Cl- showed exchange diffusion. Inhibition of acid secretion with nutrient SCN- at short circuit also inhibited JnsCl but did not alter the partial conductance of Cl-.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3484613 TI - Chloride transport of frog gastric fundus: effects of omeprazole. AB - Omeprazole (10(-4) M) inhibited H+ secretion and increased potential difference (PD), resistance, and short-circuit current (Isc) in chambered bullfrog gastric mucosa, but the electrical changes developed only in tissues previously exposed to histamine. Net chloride transport (JnetCl) did not change after omeprazole under short-circuited conditions, and Isc increased to become equal to JnetCl. Under open-circuit conditions, JnetCl was reduced by 38%, the decrement attributable to the concomitant increase in PD, as evidenced by a linear relationship between JnetCl and PD in omeprazole-treated mucosae clamped to different PD (0-45 mV). The effect of omeprazole on PD and Isc could be blocked by metiamide and was absent in spontaneously resting tissues. HEPES nutrient solutions did not alter the electrical response or Cl- transport after omeprazole. In Na+-free solutions, omeprazole induced only a transient rise in PD and Isc. We conclude that omeprazole uncouples H+ and Cl- secretion. This Cl- secretion is electrogenic and dependent upon stimulation by histamine. Both Na+ and HCO3- seem to be involved in movement of Cl- across the basolateral membrane. PMID- 3484615 TI - Elastic energy storage in rigored skeletal muscle cells under physiological loading conditions. AB - The capability of heavy meromyosin (HMM) to store energy in reversible deformations has been investigated previously; yet, whether HMM is the site of most elastic energy storage in skeletal muscle cells has not been established. We conducted dynamic loading tests on single rigored muscle cells over the physiological range of sarcomere lengths. These tests enabled us to calculate the energy stored in reversible deformations or dissipated in the cell during each cycle of oscillation. Our findings show that these cells are capable of storing approximately 0.5 J . kg-1 of elastic energy during the last 50 ms of passive extension in vivo by agonists and before their own active contraction. Possible sites of this energy storage are HMM subunit 2, the proximal portion of HMM subunit 1, and parallel structures. However, energy storage increases monotonically as myofilament overlap decreases in the physiological range. This negative correlation suggests that HMM subunits are not the primary sites of elastic energy storage. Our electron-microscopic observations show that collagen fibrils at the cell's surface become oriented parallel to the cell's long axis over the range of sarcomere lengths where energy storage increases. This provides a mechanism for the observed increases in elastic energy storage. PMID- 3484616 TI - Brain temperature changes coupled to sleep states persist during interleukin 1 enhanced sleep. AB - The effects of human interleukin 1 (IL 1) on the architecture of rabbit sleep wake cycles and brain temperature (Tbr) changes coupled to states of vigilance were examined. Cerebral intraventricular infusion of IL 1 induced increased slow wave sleep (SWS), increased electroencephalographic slow-wave (0.5-4 Hz) amplitudes, and fever. Heat-inactivated IL 1 failed to elicit these responses. IL 1 also significantly inhibited rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep; however, inactivated IL 1 also reduced REM sleep; thus some of the IL 1-induced REM reduction may be related to the infusion process. The duration and number of sleep cycles (REM-to-REM interval) were unaffected by IL 1. Similarly, Tbr changes that normally occur during the transition from one arousal state to another remained unchanged after IL 1 infusion, even though rabbits were simultaneously febrile. We conclude that IL 1 selectively enhances SWS while leaving sleep cycles and Tbr changes coupled to states of vigilance undisturbed. PMID- 3484617 TI - The Mini-Mental State in mild cognitive dysfunction. PMID- 3484618 TI - Human alveolar lining material and antibacterial defenses. AB - To investigate the possible antibacterial properties of human alveolar lining material (ALM), we obtained ALM and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) by bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy nonsmokers. Alveolar lining material was isolated by centrifugation or micropore filtration; electron microscopy revealed lamellar bodies, and lipid analysis showed that 98% of the lipid fraction was phospholipid. No free fatty acids were detected. Streptococcus pneumoniae and non typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) died spontaneously in PBS at a mean rate of log10 0.75 and 0.95 in 90 min, respectively; the addition of ALM appeared to exert a slight protective effect, and at higher concentrations supported replication of NTHI. There was no difference in the uptake of the bacteria by PAM when ALM was present. Phagocytosed NTHI were killed rapidly and completely within 60 min by PAM with or without ALM. A greater proportion of S. aureus were killed by PAM alone than in the presence of ALM. Alveolar lining material from healthy humans thus appears to have no demonstrable effect on host defense against these bacteria. The differences between our results and those of earlier studies using ALM from rats may relate to interspecies differences in the composition of ALM. PMID- 3484619 TI - [Phase I clinical study of MY-1, a new biological response modifier]. AB - MY-1 is the DNA fraction, isolated and purified from Mycobacterium bovis BCG, which is composed of water-soluble and heat-denatured nucleic acids. In preclinical study, MY-1 showed host-mediated antitumor activity against various kinds of syngeneic tumors, and revealed very low toxicity in animals. Since these results suggested that MY-1 could be used as a biological response modifier (BRM) for cancer therapy, we performed the phase I clinical study in patients with a variety of malignancies. Fifteen patients were treated using single s.c. injection of MY-1 at doses of 0.25-20 mg, and following 22 patients received 3 12.5 mg of MY-1 given s.c. 3 times a week for the period of 2 weeks. Mild and reversible side effects such as swelling, redness, and/or pain of injected site were observed in a few patients at dose level of 10 mg. There were no other toxic effects. In the latter 22 patients, immune parameters were measured weekly. After MY-1 treatment, enhanced PPD skin reaction and increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio in peripheral lymphocyte subsets were observed which were statistically significant especially at a dose level of 3 mg. The optimal dose and schedule for phase II clinical study were considered to be 3 mg s.c. 3 times a week. In addition, the methodology of the BRM phase I clinical study was discussed. PMID- 3484620 TI - OKT8-reactive cell mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3484621 TI - Risk of noncardiac operation in patients with defined coronary disease: The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry experience. AB - It has been suggested that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is efficacious in patients with severe coronary artery disease before they undergo a major noncardiac operation. The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry population was reviewed to identify variables affecting operative mortality and cardiovascular morbidity for noncardiac procedures, and to assess the influence of prior CABG on these surgical risks. Major noncardiac operations were performed on 1,600 registry patients between June 30, 1978, and June 30, 1981. Operative mortality for individuals without significant coronary artery disease (Group 1) was 0.5% (2/399) and for patients with such disease having CABG prior to a noncardiac procedure (Group 2), it was 0.9% (7/743) (Group 1 versus Group 2, p = 0.42). Patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac operation without prior CABG (Group 3) had an increased operative mortality, 2.4% (11/458) (p = 0.009). Group 2 patients had more severe angina symptoms (p less than 0.001) and more extensive coronary artery disease (p less than 0.001) on entering CASS than Group 3 patients. Postoperative chest pain occurred in 8.7% (40/458) of the Group 3 patients versus 4.5% (18/399) in Group 1 and 5.1% (38/743) in Group 2 (p = 0.004). No group differences were noted for the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction or arrhythmias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3484622 TI - Disruption of the ascending aorta: surgical management. AB - A disruptive injury to the ascending aorta during a cardiac operation is a serious and often fatal event. Such an injury is described in which the aorta disrupted at the site of the proximal aortocoronary anastomoses. It was possible to repair the aorta using an intraluminal sutureless graft after other techniques of repair failed. PMID- 3484623 TI - Is cortisone iontophoresis possible? AB - Iontophoresis (iontotherapy) is sometimes employed to permit epidermal medication. Corticosteroids have been recently one of the most frequently employed, although the literature reports no scientific study demonstrating its effectiveness. This work reports our experimentation on steroid iontophoresis both in vitro and in vivo, to determine whether steroids pass through the skin. Using paper electrophoresis, we first studied the electrophoretic mobility of six water-soluble corticosteroids commercially available in Switzerland. Then an experimental model with two cylinders, one containing a steroid solution and the other filled with buffer solution separated by human skins was submitted to ionization. The in-vivo experimentation consisted in a study of steroid iontotherapy in four rabbits and in 188 patients. Our in-vitro and in-vivo studies failed to demonstrate the transcutaneous migration of corticosteroids. PMID- 3484624 TI - Effect of transfusion on immune function in a traumatized animal model. AB - Blood transfusions repeatedly have been shown to prolong allograft survival, probably by stimulating suppressor T lymphocytes. The effects of transfusions on immune function in traumatized patients has not previously been investigated. We investigated the effects of transfusions on the immune system using a burned rat model. The transfusions were found to have no effect on the white blood cell counts, differential cell count, or neutrophil migration and bactericidal index. Those animals that received transfusion did exhibit impaired cell-mediated immunity and macrophage migration. Blood transfusions seem to increase further the immunosuppression seen with trauma and surgery. PMID- 3484625 TI - Thermal injury promotes bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract in mice with impaired T-cell-mediated immunity. AB - We have shown previously that after thermal trauma viable bacteria will cross the intact gastrointestinal mucosa (bacterial translocation) to invade the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs if the normal indigenous microflora is disrupted, allowing bacterial overgrowth. To determine whether T-cell-mediated immunity (T CMI) was important in preventing translocation after thermal injury in animals with an intact normal flora, conventional (+/+), athymic (nu/nu), and heterozygous (nu/+) mice receiving a 30% third-degree burn were killed at various intervals after burn and their organs cultured. Bacterial translocation did not occur in control or burned specific pathogen-free mice with intact T-CMI but did occur in athymic mice with deficient T-CMI. Both the incidence of positive organs and the numbers of translocated bacteria per gram of organ were increased after thermal injury. Bacterial overgrowth was not responsible for these findings, since the levels of cecal enteric bacteria were not different between the burned and nonburned groups. Since translocation occurred to a greater extent in athymic burned mice than control athymic mice, it appears that a thermal injury promotes translocation by impairing other host defense systems in addition to the T-CMI. PMID- 3484626 TI - Analysis of downbeat nystagmus. Otolithic vs semicircular canal influences. AB - The relative strengths of vertical canal and otolithic factors influencing downbeat nystagmus (DBN) were investigated in a patient whose nystagmus was of maximum intensity with the head in the upright position and abolished with the head in the supine position. The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) was assessed by oscillating the patient about both the supine and upright positions. During oscillation about the supine position both the upward and downward VORs had equal gains in the dark (0.6) and unity gain in the light. In contrast, during oscillation about the upright, the upward VOR became hyperactive with a gain of 1.8 in the dark and 1.2 in the light, whereas the downward VOR became hypoactive with a maximum gain of 0.86 in the light. This degree of asymmetry of the VOR is greater than would be expected from a summation of spontaneous nystagmus with normal canal reflexes. We concluded that the DBN arose from an asymmetry of vertical canal function, which became manifest when the otoliths were tilted with respect to gravity. Contrasting findings are presented in a patient whose DBN was insensitive to tilt. It would seem that other cases of DBN lie on a continuum between these extreme examples. PMID- 3484627 TI - Refractive changes induced by intraocular lens tilt and longitudinal displacement. AB - There is a tendency for the posterior chamber intraocular lens to tilt about the points of insertion. This is found clinically and in postmortem studies of eyes that have had intraocular lenses surgically implanted. One end is often located in the lens capsule and the other end is located in the ciliary sulcus. The possibility of anteroposterior displacement also exists. Using a modified Gullstrand schematic model eye, we have computed the amount of spherical and cylindrical errors that are induced due to the tilt and/or displacement of the intraocular lens. If a cylindrical error of approximately 90 degrees from the axis of insertion (lens plus haptic loops) and/or axis of tilt is detected, further careful investigation is warranted. PMID- 3484628 TI - Persistent depletion of striatal dopamine in mice by 1-methyl-4-(2-thienyl) 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MTTP). PMID- 3484630 TI - Auditory brain-stem response in patients with acoustic neuromas. Wave presence and absence. AB - Auditory brain-stem response (ABR) waveforms from 61 patients with eighth nerve or cerebellopontine angle tumors were analyzed for wave presence or absence. Eighteen patients yielded ABRs lacking any readable waves; 27 patients revealed ABRs in which waves were partially present (ie, one or two waves present); and 16 patients demonstrated ABRs with all waves (I, III, and V) present. In the partially present ABR group, waves I and V were most prevalent. The group lacking waves (absent ABR group) had significantly poorer hearing sensitivity and larger tumors than the partial ABR group. Various additional group comparisons for hearing sensitivity and tumor size did not yield any significant differences among the three groups. PMID- 3484631 TI - Demonstration of anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a and C5a in the scales of psoriasis and inflammatory pustular dermatoses. AB - Complement components C3a, C4a and C5a were assayed in corneal scale extracts from psoriasis and other dermatoses characterized by sterile subcorneal pustules, using radioimmunoassay. Larger amounts were detected in psoriasis and related pustular dermatoses than in extracts of non-inflammatory stratum corneum. It is concluded that complement is activated via the classical pathway and releases the neutrophil chemotactic fragment C5a. PMID- 3484629 TI - The binding of the calcium channel blocker, bepridil, to calmodulin. AB - Bepridil had the highest relative potency for inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activated by Ca2+-calmodulin of all the calcium channel blockers we examined. Kinetic analysis indicated that the primary effect of bepridil was mediated through a competitive inhibition of the enzyme activation by interaction with calmodulin and the apparent Ki value of this agent was 2.2 microM. We then examined the binding of bepridil to calmodulin, using the equilibrium column binding technique. [3H]bepridil bound to the calcium-calmodulin complex, but not to calmodulin in the presence of 2 mM EGTA. Scatchard analysis of the binding of bepridil to calmodulin demonstrated that the dissociation constant was 6.2 microM and the calculated number of specific binding sites was about 5 sites per molecule of calmodulin. The concentrations of unlabeled bepridil, W-7, prenylamine, verapamil and diltiazem producing 50% inhibition (IC50) of the binding of [3H]bepridil to calmodulin were 4 microM, 28 microM, 45 microM, 130 microM and 700 microM, respectively. However, nifedipine and nicardipine did not displace [3H]labeled bepridil from calmodulin. There was a good correlation between the displacement of [3H]bepridil from calmodulin and the inhibitory effect on MLCK by these calcium channel blockers and W-7. These results suggest that bepridil binds to calmodulin in the presence of calcium and potently inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin light chain. PMID- 3484632 TI - Immunological findings during treatment of multiple keratoacanthoma with etretinate. AB - Treatment with etretinate in a patient with multiple keratoacanthoma is described. Clinical improvement correlated with normalization of IL-2-production and mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. A causal relationship between reduced IL-2-production and eruption of keratoacanthoma is suggested. PMID- 3484633 TI - Treatment of adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with intravenous immunoglobulin: effects on circulating T cell subsets and PWM-induced antibody synthesis in vitro. AB - Eight adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were given two 5-d courses of intermediate (250 mg/kg body weight/d) to high dose (400 mg/kg body weight/d) intravenous infusions of human plasmin-cleaved Ig, at 15-30 d intervals. Three patients also were given single booster infusions (400 mg/kg body weight for 1 d) of a different preparation, S-sulfonated Ig. As expected, significant though transient rises in the platelet count were consistently observed in all patients. The mean platelet count increase was 95 600/mm3 after the first course, and 143 500/mm3 after the second course. Similar effects of lower magnitude were obtained several times in the patients given single booster doses. In three patients, platelet-bound IgG levels were decreased in association with Ig therapy. Phenotypic analysis of T cell subsets before starting Ig therapy and at the end of the second high dose course of intravenous Ig treatment revealed significant reductions in the proportion of T4+ lymphocytes in five patients and relative increases in the percentage of T8+ cells after therapy. As the overall proportion of T3+ cells remained unchanged, the T4+/T8+ ratio was therefore decreased. The total number of circulating lymphocytes was also decreased following therapy. In addition, PWM-driven Ig biosynthesis in vitro was significantly impaired after therapy in most patients, the capacity to synthesize IgG being mainly affected. It is concluded that, in addition to the reported transient blockade of the reticuloendothelial system, non-specific suppression of polyclonal Ig biosynthesis induced by the high dose Ig infusions also contributes to the net increase in platelet count. PMID- 3484634 TI - Reduced natural killer T-cells in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia identified by three monoclonal antibodies: Leu-11, A10, AB8.28. AB - The proportion of E-rosette positive T-lymphocytes capable of reacting with three monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs)--Leu-11, A10, AB8.28--which appear to recognize specifically natural killer (NK) cells, was assessed in a series of untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). Irrespective of the clinical stage of the disease, the capacity of B-CLL T-lymphocytes to react with all three MoAbs was significantly reduced compared with that of normal circulating T-cells (Leu-11: 2.5% +/- 1.9 SD; A10: 2.3% +/- 1.3; AB8.28: 7% +/- 6.6 v Leu-11: 13.5% +/- 4.5; A10: 8.5% +/- 4.6; AB8.28: 12% +/- 5.5). Furthermore, a marked difference was demonstrated between the reactivity with the Leu-11, A10, AB8.28 MoAbs and the proportion of Leu-7 positive T-cells, which in B-CLL is significantly higher than in normal blood (23% +/- 12.1 v 11.9% +/- 5.9). These findings are in agreement with previous evidence of a discrepancy in B-CLL between the phenotypic expression, assessed by Leu-7 positivity, and the true functional activity of NK T-cells, and suggest that the Leu-11, A10 and AB8.28 MoAbs correlate well with the depressed NK function found in this disease. PMID- 3484635 TI - Studies on immunological assay of vitamin K dependent factors. I. Measurement of factor VII antigen by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for factor VII was developed using 125I-factor VII, anti factor VII rabbit serum and anti-rabbit IgG goat serum. The lower limit of sensitivity in normal reference plasma was 3 X 10(-3) units/ml. Although the level of factor VII antigen (VII:Ag) in normal plasma samples (n = 20) 0.944 +/- 0.176 units/ml, correlated with that of factor VII coagulant activity (r = 0.89), VII:Ag level in paired normal sera showed a higher value (1.469 +/- 0.376 units/ml). The level of antigen according to RIA of factor VIIa activated by factor Xa increased 2.5-fold compared with that of unactivated factor VII. It is suggested that the polyclonal anti-factor VII produced in a rabbit had higher affinity for factor VIIa than for factor VII. In two out of seven patients with congenital factor VII deficiency, VII:Ag was detectable (0.04, 0.31 units/ml, respectively) whereas VII:C was less than 0.01 units/ml. In 12 warfarin-treated individuals, VII:C showed a lower level (0.121 +/- 0.063 units/ml) that that of VII:Ag (0.518 +/- 0.186 units/ml). During 4 weeks observation after stopping warfarin, VII:C and VII:Ag reached normal levels in 1 week. However, VII:C did not reach equivalence with VII:Ag until 4 weeks had elapsed. PMID- 3484636 TI - Iron uptake by MOLT 3 cells from transferrin/monoclonal antitransferrin antibody complexes. AB - The ability of seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with human transferrin (Tf) to inhibit iron uptake from Tf by cells of the human lymphoid line MOLT 3 was compared with the effect of these MAbs on Tf binding to MOLT 3 surface Tf receptors. MAbs HTF-01, HTF-06, HTF-07, HTF-11 and HTF-14 inhibited both iron uptake and Tf binding. Complexing Tf with MAbs HTF-04 or HTF-05 resulted in an increased association of Tf with the cells but iron uptake was diminished. Following the intracellular kinetics of Tf/HTF-04 complex has shown that the whole complex is endocytosed and Tf iron is retained inside the cell, but Tf release from both the cell surface and the intracellular compartment is slower when compared to Tf alone. Iron uptake inhibition was therefore attributed to lengthening of the Tf cell cycle after complexing of Tf with HTF-04 and it is suggested that the rate of cellular Tf turnover might, together with the number of functioning Tf receptors, determine the rate of iron uptake by cells. PMID- 3484637 TI - Prolonged thrombocytopenia in post-transfusion purpura (PTP) associated with changes in the crossed immunoelectrophoretic pattern of von Willebrand factor (vWF), circulating immune complexes and endothelial cell cytotoxicity. AB - A 39-year-old multigravida presented with a platelet count of 2 X 10(9)/112 d after a blood transfusion. The clinical presentation was typical of post transfusional purpura (PTP). She was successfully managed with intensive plasma exchange with plasma replacement. Replacement with albumin saline was unsuccessful. Elevated levels of immune complexes were detected on presentation but were reduced to normal levels by plasma exchange but were elevated again during relapse. Raised levels of circulating platelet aggregates and platelet aggregating activity were found during relapse but were absent during remission. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of vWF showed a left shift suggesting the presence of abnormally high molecular weight multimeric forms. In contrast, multimeric assay of the same samples were within normal limits suggesting that the shift noted on crossed immunoelectrophoresis may have resulted from complexing of vWF with some other components. Immunological studies demonstrated the presence of endothelial cell cytotoxicity and lymphocytotoxicity in the patient's serum. It is concluded that the thrombocytopenia observed in PTP may not occur as a direct result of the immunological event initiating the disorder but rather indirectly via the release of vWF consequent upon endothelial cell damage which, either alone or in combination with another factor, possible immune complexes, induces intravascular platelet aggregation and sequestration. There were significant similarities between the case reported and recent observations in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura suggesting that these syndromes may have aetiological factors in common. PMID- 3484639 TI - Complete amino acid sequence and location of the five disulfide bridges in porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase. AB - Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.1), a single polypeptide chain, contains nine residues of methionine. Eight different fragments resulting from cleavage of this molecule by cyanogen bromide were characterized. The sequences of six of them have previously been reported. Two missing fragments, CN2 (82 residues) and CN3b1 (76 residues) were purified after breaking of the interpeptidic disulfide bridge and their complete sequence as well as that of the previously purified CN1 peptide (102 residues) are reported here. The location of the three disulfide bridges present in these peptides was determined. Ordering of the carboxymethylated cyanogen bromide fragments was carried out by pulse labeling the amylase chain in vivo. The complete sequence of the porcine pancreatic amylase chain (496 residues) and the location of its five disulfide bridges is presented. Comparison with human and mouse pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylases and with rat pancreatic amylase obtained from the corresponding cDNA nucleotidic sequences shows a high degree of homology between mammalian alpha-amylases. PMID- 3484638 TI - New alpha-amylase and trypsin inhibitors among the CM-proteins of barley (Hordeum vulgare). AB - Barley CM-proteins are a group of at least five salt-soluble components (CMa-e) that can be selectively extracted from endosperm with chloroform/methanol mixtures. N-terminal sequences of proteins CMa, CMb and CMc have been determined and found to be homologous to those previously determined for CMd and CMe, an observation which confirms that their structural genes are members of a dispersed multi-gene family. The purified CM-proteins were tested against trypsin and against alpha-amylases from saliva, pancreas, Aspergillus oryzae, Tenebrio molitor and barley. Besides CMe, which was known to be a trypsin inhibitor, CMc also showed antitrypsin activity, whereas CMa was specifically active against the alpha-amylase from T. molitor and no inhibitory activity was found for proteins CMb and CMd. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3484640 TI - [Super-long latent somato-sympathetic response in non-anesthesized decerebrate frogs]. AB - Somato-sympathetic reflex responses were studied by recording the activity of the renal sympathetic efferents following excitation of sciatic nerve A-afferents in immobilized decerebrated frogs before and during viadril-induced anesthesia. Apart from A-response reported in anesthetized frogs and consisting of excitatory and inhibitory components, in non-anesthetized frogs reflex discharge with a latency over 2 sec was revealed. Unlike the former one, this response disappeared after intravenous injection of viadril. In the same frogs intravenous injection of viadril converted pressor reflexes in response to stimulation of sciatic nerve A-afferents into depressor ones. A-response with superlong latency is assumed to reflect the excitation of those central structures that are responsible for the development of pressor reflexes to somatic A-fiber stimulation. In this respect the described somato-sympathetic A-response seems to be analogous to the very late A-response in the mammals. PMID- 3484642 TI - Cell-mediated amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied a patient with a rare complication of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AMT) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To investigate the underlying pathogenesis of AMT, the effects of peripheral blood T cells and serum on human megakaryocyte progenitor cells were studied using in vitro coculture techniques. Mononuclear bone marrow cells (2 X 10(5) from normal donors produced 33.6 +/- 8.8 (n = 10) colony-forming unit-megakaryocytes (CFU-M) in our plasma clot system. When 2 X 10(5) of the patient's T cells were added to the culture system, the number of CFU-M decreased to only 3.5 +/- 0.6/2 X 10(5) bone marrow cells. No evidence of inhibitory effects was found by the addition of the patient's serum and complement to the culture system. The T cells stored at -80 degrees C on admission were also capable of suppressing autologous CFU-M after recovery from AMT. These results indicate that in vitro suppression of CFU-M from allogenic and autologous bone marrow cells by this patient's T cells provides an explanation for the pathogenesis of AMT associated with SLE. PMID- 3484641 TI - The pattern of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigen expression on clonable subpopulations of human myeloid progenitor cells. AB - Three subpopulations of human myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) can be distinguished by differences in their kinetics of development; the liquid phase pre-CFU-GM, the day 14 CFU-GM, and the day 7 CFU-GM. The relative cell membrane densities of the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens expressed by the three subpopulations was investigated by comparing the amount of antibody required to deplete bone marrow cell preparations of each cell type. Three separate approaches were used- complement (C') cytotoxicity, antiglobulin/C'-cytotoxicity and immune rosette depletion. Similar results were obtained for all three procedures, although the latter two gave a tenfold greater sensitivity over the standard C'-cytotoxicity method. At saturating anti-HLA-DR antibody concentrations, 85% to 95% of cells within the three myeloid subpopulations were found to express HLA-DR antigens. However, the relative amount of HLA-DR expressed by these subpopulations increased from the pre-CFU-GM to the day 7 CFU-GM. The expression of HLA-DQ antigens was considerably lower and could only be detected by using the more sensitive procedures. Only 50% of day 7 and 14 CFU-GM progenitor cells expressed detectable HLA-DQ antigens, whereas a greater proportion (80%) of the pre-CFU-GM were HLA-DQ positive. The pattern of HLA-DQ expression on these clonable precursors was quite distinct and opposite to the cell membrane density of the HLA-DR antigens. Because these three progenitor cell populations are thought to be linked in differentiation sequence, these results provide indirect support for the hypothesis that HLA class II antigens are implicated in regulatory mechanisms during normal myeloid cell differentiation. PMID- 3484643 TI - In vitro modulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia by monocyte-derived activity. AB - To clarify the underlying mechanism of low neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), CML neutrophils were cultured in liquid medium with different numbers of monocytes. Alkaline phosphatase activity in CML neutrophils, assessed cytochemically, increased with the numbers of monocytes. NAP activity was not induced by the interaction between neutrophils and monocytes, but by the presence of a monocyte-derived soluble activity. NAP activity in normal neutrophils was also lowered by depletion of monocytes from culture medium. Under such monocyte-depleted conditions, both CML and normal neutrophils proliferated and differentiated to produce mature neutrophils. Thus induction of NAP activity can be modified in vitro by changing the amount of NAP inducing activity released from monocytes. However, whether a reduction of NAP inducing activity in CML neutrophil is the cause of low NAP activity in vivo remains uncertain. PMID- 3484644 TI - Vitamin C and thiol reagents promote the in vitro growth of murine granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells by neutralizing endogenous inhibitor(s). AB - Growth of murine hemopoietic cells in culture requires the presence of a stimulator of stem cell proliferation, "colony stimulating factor" (CSF). A widely used source of CSF is lung conditioned medium (LCM). We have earlier shown that the great variability of CSF activities in different batches of LCM is due to varying amounts of inhibitor(s). The present study expands the observation that the addition of ascorbic acid to the murine bone marrow soft agar assay system removes the inhibitory activity. The vitamin probably acts as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger, since addition of reduced (but not oxidized) glutathione, cysteine, dithiothreitol or 2-mercaptoethanol to the cultures also inactivates the endogeneous inhibitor. Cysteine and glutathione gave the highest colony numbers, were active at concentrations present in body fluids and did not inhibit colony growth even at concentrations ten times higher than optimum. No synergistic effects could be observed between the different antioxidants. At optimum concentration (usually 0.45 mmol/l) the otherwise bell shaped dose-response curve for conditioned medium changed to a sigmoid curve. Antioxidants had no growth promoting effect in the absence of CSF. The presence of cysteine or vitamin C revealed CSF-like activity in conditioned media of tissues not considered to be potent producers of such factors. It has been reported that individual batches of foetal calf serum contain different levels of reduced glutathione, and we suggest that one of the batch variable growth regulators in foetal calf serum may be reduced glutathione. The results indicate a possible physiological role of antioxidants in granulopoiesis and suggest that cysteine or reduced glutathione should be freshly added to culture systems assaying CSF and/or granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells. PMID- 3484645 TI - (11; 14) translocation in three boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-cell immunophenotype. AB - Three boys, 12, 15 and 5 years old are presented with acute lymphoblastic leukemia resp. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemic transformation. Blast cells could be characterized as being of T-cell origin. Hand mirror variant was the predominant morphologic feature of the blast cells in two patients. Chromosome analysis of the leukemic blast cells revealed a pseudodiploid (modal chromosome number = 46) karyotype in two patients and a pseudotetraploid (modal chromosome number = 92) in one patient. A chromosome translocation (11; 14) with breakpoints at (p 13; q 13) (within the human T-cell receptor alpha chain locus!) was found in the leukemic cells of all three cases plus an additional t (7; 9) (q 22; p 13) in one patient. PMID- 3484647 TI - Musculoskeletal and rheumatological disease as a cause of premature retirement. PMID- 3484646 TI - Identification of leukemia cell-derived inhibitory activity (LIA) in conditioned media from human myeloid leukemic cell line ML-2. AB - Conditioned media from the human myeloid leukemic cell line ML-2 contain a factor that inhibits the entry of normal CFU-GM into S phase of mitotic cycle as measured by the 3H-TdR suicide technique. This factor was detected in conditioned media prepared by incubating 5 X 10(6) ML-2 cells/ml or 1 X 10(6) ML-2 cells/ml in serum-free RPMI for 5 or 24 hours respectively, and was isolated by ultrafiltration through an XM 300 Diaflo membrane followed by chromatography on Sepharose 6 B. Ferritin, prepared from human placenta, had the same inhibitory effect on CFU-GM. Antibodies against human placental ferritin completely inactivated the inhibitory effect of both human placental ferritin and the factor released from ML-2 cells. The inhibitory activity produced by the cell-line ML-2 was considered as LIA (leukemia cell-derived inhibitory activity) earlier found in HL-60 cell line and AML and CML cells. PMID- 3484648 TI - Pulmonary alveolitis and NSAIDs--fact or fiction? PMID- 3484650 TI - An evaluated programme of rheumatology training for general practitioners. AB - The management of painful, upper-limb disorders by 34 general practitioners (GPs) was examined 3 months before and 3 months after personal instruction of GPs by a consultant rheumatologist. Tuition was conducted either in GP surgeries or a hospital out-patient department. Following instruction there were significant increases in the application of appropriate treatments (p less than 0.0005) and of local corticosteroid injections by GPs (p less than 0.005), fewer requests for investigations and less-frequent hospital referrals for consultant rheumatology opinions. Hospital out-patient instruction was associated with a significant reduction of patients' time off work (p less than 0.005) and, in general, differences of management appeared to be more pronounced amongst those GPs instructed in the hospital than in GP surgeries. The study showed that personal instruction of GPs by a consultant rheumatologist may result in modifications of practice, at least in the short term. The evidence indicates that such alterations of GP management may significantly reduce patient morbidity. PMID- 3484649 TI - Contrasting presentation and findings between patients with rheumatic complaints taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a general population referred for endoscopy. AB - One hundred and fifty patients with various rheumatic complaints who were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and required upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were compared with 150 patients, matched for age and sex, who were also referred for gastroscopy but who did not have rheumatic complaints and were not taking these drugs. A comparison was made between the indications for endoscopy and the endoscopic findings in the two groups. Significant differences were found. Fewer patients with rheumatic complaints had normal findings, more had chronic gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis or mucosal erosions. Patients with rheumatic complaints were referred more frequently for anaemia and less frequently for dysphagia or abdominal symptoms. The increased severity of gastric morbidity in patients with rheumatism is probably due to damage caused by NSAIDs. The frequency and severity of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with rheumatic complaints taking NSAIDs cannot be estimated from the patient's complaint rate, anaemia rather than pain being the most frequent finding. Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy is required to make a definitive diagnosis. This has important implications for the licensing policies of regulatory authorities when considering the licensing of new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 3484651 TI - Late cortical cerebellar atrophy. Clinical and oculographic features. AB - Ten patients with late cortical cerebellar atrophy documented with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging presented a uniform pattern of oculomotor abnormalities. All had deficits in smooth pursuit and fixation suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The gain of the VOR was often increased but the dynamics of the VOR were not different from normals. Full-field optokinetic responses and visual-vestibular interaction mediated via the VOR velocity storage element were preserved. Just as in lower primates, the cerebellum in humans is a critical relay station for foveal pursuit and visual vestibular interaction requiring foveal pursuit. Vestibular responses and visual vestibular interaction mediated through the VOR velocity storage element are relatively independent of the cerebellum. PMID- 3484652 TI - The effect of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on uridine uptake in the mouse brain. AB - Male white mice were injected with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 40 mg/kg. After 2 h, 24 h, 2, 4 and 8 days 0.25 mCi [5-3H]uridine was injected i.v. and 1 h later the animals were sacrificed. In microautoradiograms the number of grains over the nerve cell nuclei was counted in the substantia nigra, the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the neostriatum. In the substantia nigra there was a significant increase in grain number after 2, 4 and 8 days. In a group of animals injected 3 days with MPTP and sacrificed 2 days after the last injection the same increase was found. In the other brain regions only an insignificant increase in grain counts was found. In a special group of animals the total radioactivity and distribution of label on metabolites in blood, brain and liver was determined. No significant changes were found. PMID- 3484654 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow was studied in Lewis rats with fulminant acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). [14C]iodoantipyrine was used as a tracer. By employing a short experimental time and an infusion schedule producing an increasing arterial tracer concentration, the spatial resolution of the method was fine enough to detect focal increases in blood flow in the small central nervous system lesions (lymphocytic accumulations). An increase of flow of 100% in the lesions and a decrease of 50% in the cerebral cortex of EAE animals was statistically significant. In all other regions studied (deep cerebral structures, cerebellum), blood flow in EAE animals did not differ from the control values. The flow increase corresponding to the lesions may be due to inflammatory hyperemia. The cortical decrease in flow may be secondary to sensory motor impairment. PMID- 3484653 TI - Functional organization of the peripheral efferent vestibular system in the frog. AB - The functional organization of the efferent vestibular system (EVS) was studied in the isolated frog labyrinth. To ascertain whether, besides the efferent branching fibres that innervate several end-organs, the EVS is also endowed with efferent non-branching axons which might control a given population of sensory units in each end-organ, the 8th nerve and one of its branchlets were electrically stimulated while recordings of the spontaneous activity arising from the different sensors were made by impaling single afferent axons in all the 8th nerve branchlets. The results demonstrated that the vast majority of the sensory units whose activity was modified by stimulating the whole 8th nerve was also affected by stimulating an 8th nerve branchlet. These findings therefore rule out the possibility that the EVS is endowed with projective fibres and strengthen the view that the EVS is a highly divergent system with collaterals arising from single parent axons that innervate several end-organs. These experiments have also shown that the percentage of sensory units which are actually controlled by the EVS varies amongst the different labyrinthine organs. It is maximal in the sacculus (ca. 90%), somewhat lower in canal organs (ca. 80%) and the utriculus (ca. 70%) and considerably lower in the lagena (ca. 50%). This EVS arrangement therefore might allow information arising from some organs to be modified more extensively than that from others. PMID- 3484655 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: prevalence, prognosis and consequences. PMID- 3484656 TI - Socioeconomic disparities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. AB - Despite a general decline in mortality rates in recent decades, these rates are substantially higher among lower socioeconomic groups. To determine target groups for preventive health promotion programs, the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease by socioeconomic group in Canadian adults aged 20 to 69 years was examined through comparison of estimates from the 1978-79 Canada Health Survey, the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey and the labour force smoking surveys of 1975 and 1983. Level of education was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. The risk factors considered were cigarette smoking, overweight, obesity, elevated diastolic blood pressure, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, elevated serum cholesterol level, diabetes mellitus and the conjoint use of oral contraceptives and cigarettes. The prevalence of the risk factors tended to be higher among men and women with a low level of education. The results were consistent with those of recent Canadian studies showing that both men and women in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3484657 TI - Competitive prognostic value of clinicopathologic and bioimmunologic factors in primary breast cancer. AB - Fourteen clinical, pathologic, and pretreatment bioimmunologic variables were evaluated for their significance in predicting the survival or the length of disease-free interval of 55 patients with primary breast cancer. The variables studied were: patient age; clinical stage of disease according to the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification; number of involved nodes; sedimentation rate; peripheral lymphocyte, leucocyte, and monocyte counts; serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM; percentages of E-, "active" E-, and EAC-rosettes; and finally, the lymphoblastic transformation test value (PHA-LTT). A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model was carried out, in a stepwise manner, to identify those variables most highly related to survival or to the length of disease-free interval. The Cox analysis showed that clinical stage, number of involved nodes, percentage of EAC-rosettes, sedimentation rate, and T-lymphocyte reactivity, (i.e., the T-lymphocyte sensitivity to PHA, expressed as the ratio between the PHA-LTT in counts per minute and the percentage of E-rosettes) were the significant prognostic factors for survival, whereas the number of involved nodes and the sedimentation rate were independent of importance in predicting the length of disease-free interval. The results obtained from this analysis proved the importance of some immunologic parameters in the estimation of prognosis. In addition, a prognostic score for summarizing multiple factors with potential use in stratification was derived from the multivariate analysis. PMID- 3484658 TI - Specific chemoimmunotherapy in tumor-bearing mice with extracted antigen, cyclophosphamide, and intrasplenic administration of interleukin-2. AB - The effect of daily intrasplenic (I-SP) injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in conjunction with specific chemoimmunotherapy with extracted tumor antigens and cyclophosphamide was assessed with the use of methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma in C3H/HeJ mice. Injections of 80 U of human IL-2 were delivered transcutaneously into the spleen (I-SP), which had been relocated to the subcutis with its blood supply intact. Six daily I-SP injections into mice bearing MCA-F tumors activated immune spleen cells (SPC), as evidenced by specific neutralization of the MCA-F, but not the antigenically different MCA-D tumor, in local adoptive transfer assays. The immune cell phenotype was Thy 1.2+ Lyt 2+, based upon abrogation of tumor neutralization after depletion with monoclonal antibodies and complement. In a second series of experiments, primary hosts bearing established MCA-F tumors underwent therapy with 1 microgram 1-butanol extracted, isoelectrophoretically purified TSTA injected subcutaneously, a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY), and/or either IP or I-SP IL-2 injection. Triple chemoimmunotherapy with I-SP, but not IP, IL-2 retarded tumor outgrowth more effectively than single or double treatment protocols. Furthermore, in a third series of investigations, the triple therapy group showed both decreased numbers and incidence of spontaneous metastases from a subcutaneous implant of clone 9-4, a highly metastatic variant of MCA-F. Indeed, 35% of hosts that received triple therapy, but none of the animals treated with other regimens, were free of lung metastasis (P less than 0.02). Thus, tumor resistance engendered by chemoimmunotherapy with TSTA and CY is potentiated in vivo by I-SP administration of IL-2. PMID- 3484659 TI - The medical and surgical management of typhlitis in children with acute nonlymphocytic (myelogenous) leukemia. AB - The treatment of acute leukemia in childhood has been increasingly successful. Infectious complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among these patients receiving aggressive chemotherapy. In particular, neutropenic enterocolitis or typhlitis has had a reported mortality of 50% to 100%. The authors reviewed a series of 77 previously untreated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia begun on treatment from March 1976 to June 1984 to better define the characteristics of typhlitis and its optimum management. Twenty-five patients had episodes of typhlitis, characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and tenderness, occurring during periods of neutropenia. Ten of these patients had watery diarrhea as a major additional symptom, and nine patients had a significant episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. In seven instances, blood culture results were positive, all for intestinal flora. The episodes of typhlitis occurred most frequently during the induction therapy (19 patients). Five patients experienced typhlitis during maintenance therapy, and one patient had acute appendicitis. Two patients had typhlitis during their reinduction therapy, and of note, one had had abdominal symptoms during her initial induction. All patients were treated initially with broad-spectrum antibiotics and bowel rest. Four criteria have been used for surgical intervention: (1) persistent gastrointestinal bleeding after resolution of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and correction of clotting abnormalities; (2) evidence of free intraperitoneal perforation; (3) clinical deterioration requiring support with vasopressors, or large volumes of fluid, suggesting uncontrolled sepsis; and (4) development of symptoms of an intra-abdominal process, in the absence of neutropenia, which would normally require surgery. Using these criteria, five patients required surgical intervention for typhlitis or its sequelae and one for acute appendicitis. There was one perioperative death resulting from miliary tuberculosis. Among the 21 patients managed medically, there was 1 death resulting from typhlitis in a patient in whom surgery was deferred because of her multiple failures to enter remission. PMID- 3484660 TI - Production of and response to interleukin-2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL2) is essential for the expansion of antigen-triggered lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-cells, processes necessary for tumor control that are frequently depressed in malignancy. The authors measured certain aspects of IL2 function in cancer patients and controls and correlated the findings with the general immune response as indicated by the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The major questions focused on the capacity of PBL to produce IL2, the correlation of this with the proliferative response to PHA, and whether exogenous IL2 could restore T cell responses and natural killer cell activity in immunodepressed cancer patients. IL2 production was measured by the 3H-thymidine-labeled CT6 assay on the supernatants of the PBL of cancer patients and normal controls after 24 hours of stimulation with PHA. There were 115 cancer patients (70 head and neck, 13 melanoma, 12 breast, 10 colorectal, and 6 other) and 52 controls. IL2 production was essentially normal in the head and neck cancer patients as a group, although their PHA response was depressed. The mean IL2 generated per 3 X 10(6) PBL over 24 hours were 129 mu/ml in the head and neck patients and 132 mu/ml in the breast patients, similar to the 129 mu/ml generated in the controls. There was modest but not significant depression in the melanoma (78 mu/ml) and colorectal cancer patients (81 mu/ml). Although subsets of patients showed depressed IL2 production, there was no significant correlation of IL2 production with the PHA response. Depressed IL2 production showed only limited correlation with depressed lymphocyte responses (r = -0.25), which suggested a dissociation of these functions. Of interest was the finding that indomethacin did augment IL2 production in both cancer patients and controls, suggesting that prostaglandin mediated regulation is involved. Addition of exogenous IL2 of recombinant origin (Biogen) produced significant augmentation in more than three fourths of the cancer patients and controls. Adding indomethacin further increased this response. Addition of IL2 also significantly increased natural killer activity in both groups. It was concluded that PBL in cancer patients generally have a normal capacity to generate IL2, and this capacity is not related to the proliferative response, which is frequently depressed in these patients. Exogenous IL2 can significantly augment lymphoproliferative and natural killer responses in cancer patients, suggesting that there is merit in exploring the potential therapeutic role of IL2 in these patients. PMID- 3484661 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia and hemophagocytic syndrome associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Four patients with lymphohistiocytic disorders had or subsequently experienced severe hypogammaglobulinemia and pancytopenia due to hemophagocytosis. The percentages of B- and T-lymphocytes and the ratios of helper (OKT4) cells to suppressor (OKT8) cells in the peripheral blood were variably altered. Mitogenic response to pokeweed mitogen and phytohemagglutinin was depressed but could be restored to near normal by the in vitro addition of indomethacin or interleukin 2. The half-life of intravenously administered immunoglobulin was markedly shortened. The data indicate that hyperactive monocytes/histiocytes are capable of simultaneously ingesting apparently normal blood cells and immunoglobulin, leading to pancytopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia. The monocytes with suppressor activity (which could be abrogated with indomethacin or interleukin-2) appeared to additionally contribute to the hypogammaglobulinemia, possibly by interfering with the terminal differentiation of the B-lymphocytes. Hemophagocytosis occurs frequently in histiocytic and occasionally in lymphoproliferative disorders or viral diseases. More frequent and serial determination of serum immunoglobulin levels in such situations may lead to the discovery of additional cases. PMID- 3484662 TI - The French-American-British (FAB) classification of leukemia. The Pediatric Oncology Group experience with lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The Pediatric Oncology Group institutions initiated extensive subclassification of cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis into laboratory designated categories. Included was a French-American-British (FAB) classification of all new patients, which was reviewed by a central six-member committee. In addition, on the basis of immunologic criteria, patients were defined as having T-, B-, pre-B-, or "null" cell leukemia. Slides from 617 patients were reviewed. Five hundred forty-six (88.5%) were classified as L1, 51 (8.3%) were classified as L2, 9 (1.5%) were classified as L3, and the remainder could not be assigned. Concordance within the committee was good: in 71% of the cases the committee was unanimous, and in an additional 17% only one member disagreed. In only 11 cases (1.8%) was diagreement such that a majority classification could not be assigned. Institutions assigned L2 more frequently. There was a strong correlation with L3 for B-cell disease only. However, four patients had unequivocal B-cell disease and unmistakable L1 morphologic type, whereas one and had L3 morphologic features and had non-B-cell disease. There was no correlation between the other immunologic markers or periodic acid-Schiff stain and FAB classification, nor between L1 or L2 and risk factors. However, for the 248 null cell and pre-B-cell patients, L2 was more frequent among patients in the poor-risk group (P = 0.008). The time to first failure was significantly shorter for patients with L3 morphologic type. The induction failure rate of L2 patients was significantly greater than that of L1 patients (P = 0.016). With analysis of the duration of remission and adjustment for risk factors, the impact of L2 morphologic characteristics on outcome was not significant (P = 0.18) in null cell patients. Even unadjusted for risk factors, there was no impact of L2 morphologic type on outcome in the pre-B-cell phenotype. It can be concluded that other risk factors overshadow the impact of L1 and L2 morphologic features in predicting duration of remission. PMID- 3484663 TI - Lack of natural killer cell activity in hairy cell leukemia patients and partial restoration with interleukin-2. AB - Natural Killer (NK) cell activity was studied in ten hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients by means of a 4-hour cytotoxicity assay using mononuclear cells isolated from either the spleen or peripheral blood. Identical assays were performed on individuals who were either normal or had nonmalignant hematologic disorders. HCL patients had a significant decrease in NK cell activity at all effector-to-target ratios compared with the control group. Effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on NK activity were studied in four patients. After a 3-day in vitro incubation with IL 2, there was a marked increase in NK activity of mononuclear cells obtained from each of these patients. On the basis of the results it can be hypothesized that susceptibility to infections, which are commonly encountered in HCL patients, may be due in part to a low level of NK activity. Based on the apparent augmentation of NK activity in vitro, it might be of interest to initiate a clinical trial with IL-2 in patients with HCL. PMID- 3484665 TI - Electrical stimulation of the brain for relief of intractable pain due to cancer. AB - Seventeen patients with intractable pain due to progressive malignancies were treated by electrical stimulation of the brain after more conventional pain therapies applied in the University of California, Los Angeles Cancer Pain Clinic had failed. Electrodes were stereotactically implanted under local anesthesia in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) or periventricular grey (PVG) in 11 patients. In six patients electrodes were placed in both PAG-PVG targets and in the sensory thalamic nuclei. Thirteen of the 17 patients achieved virtually total pain relief and 2 others achieved partial pain relief. At the hospital discharge only 4 of 17 patients required narcotic analgesics for pain relief. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 21 months and 6 patients remain alive. Fourteen patients eventually required narcotics for pain relief, usually in the terminal few weeks of their lives. Pain relief was achieved in spite of the fact that all patients were tolerant to large doses of systematically or intraspinally administered narcotics at the time of electrode placement. No complications related to brain stimulation were identified. Brain stimulation is a safe and effective method for treatment of intractable pain due to malignancy in certain patients. PMID- 3484664 TI - Staging and therapy of orbital lymphomas. AB - Ten patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma primarily affecting the orbital region were evaluated at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, between 1976 and 1983. Diagnoses were based on the histopathologic classification systems of the Working Formulation of the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Rappoport. Sequential staging procedures performed at the time of diagnosis included liver spleen scans, Technecium-99 bone scans, gallium 67 scans, computerized axial tomograms of the orbit and abdomen, bone marrow examination and cerebral spinal fluid analyses. Adverse prognostic factors included the following: orbital bone erosions, Stage IV disease, and large cell or mixed cell, diffuse histologic features. The type of histopathologic findings combined with the results of sequential staging procedures is useful in identifying those patients who would benefit most from systemic chemotherapy. PMID- 3484668 TI - Clonal chromosome aberrations in a case of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Cytogenetic analysis was performed on peripheral blood and on a skin infiltration from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The blood cells revealed no chromosome abnormalities; whereas, besides normal cells, the skin lesion yielded on aberrant clone with the following abnormalities: trisomies 8 and 17, a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 11, and formation of one marker chromosome with possible involvement of chromosome #14. PMID- 3484666 TI - Absence of trisomy 15 in chemically induced murine T-cell lymphomas. AB - Trisomy 15 is a frequent chromosomal abnormality found in murine thymic tumors that develop spontaneously or by induction with irradiation, chemical carcinogens, or leukemogenic retroviruses. The results of our studies demonstrate that T-cell lymphomas induced in RF mice with the chemical carcinogen 3 methylcholanthrene predominantly exhibit a normal diploid complement of chromosomes with no evidence of chromosome 15 trisomy after in vivo and in vitro passage. We conclude that accumulation of aneuploidy is not necessary for maintenance of the tumor phenotype and that chemically induced lymphomas can develop in a defined subpopulation of T cells in the absence of trisomy 15. PMID- 3484669 TI - A translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 in a Japanese patient with adult T cell leukemia. PMID- 3484667 TI - The most common chromosome change in 86 chronic B cell or T cell tumors: a 14q32 translocation. AB - Among 46 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (40 B cell, 6 T cell) and 40 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), a chromosomally abnormal neoplastic clone was identified in 43 cases. A translocation involving 14q32 was present in nine cases (five B-CLL, two T-CLL, two CTCL). The donor chromosomal site was 11q13 in four patients and 1q12, 4q25-27, 17q21-22, 18q21, and 22q11 in one case each. The next most frequent abnormalities were rearrangements involving 6q21-23 (four cases), and trisomy 12 (four cases, all B-CLL). In one CTCL patient, the t(11;14) translocation was present in one of three apparently unrelated T cell clones. Recent studies indicate that the selective advantage conferred by the 14q+ chromosome in B cell neoplasms appears to result from an oncogene being brought adjacent to a rearranged and transcriptionally active immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. The present findings suggest that similar mechanisms may operate in certain T cell neoplasms, although the activating gene is not necessarily the same. PMID- 3484670 TI - T-cell cancer breakpoints at genes for T-cell receptor on chromosomes 7 and 14. PMID- 3484671 TI - Sequential chromosome abnormalities in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a study of 13 cases. AB - The chromosomal constitution of stimulated lymphocytes in 13 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) were sequentially examined using polyclonal B cell activators (PBA), i.e., Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), lipopolysaccharide W from E. coli (LPS), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (PA). Of the 11 patients (44 samplings) with abnormal clones, 2 patients had only trisomy 12, 6 patients had trisomy 12 plus other clonal abnormalities, such as +8, +9, +16, +18, 6q-, 15q+, and t(4;15), and the remaining 3 cases had various clonal abnormalities other than trisomy 12, such as trisomy 3, 8, 20, 21, and insertion of #7 and #12. These findings suggest that even though trisomy 12 may be a common abnormality in B-CLL, various other abnormal clones may also be present in vivo for relatively long periods of time. It appears that stimulated lymphocytes in patients with previous therapy tend to show chromosome abnormalities more frequently than those in untreated patients. PMID- 3484672 TI - Specific chromosome markers involved with chronic T lymphocyte tumors. AB - In a series of 12 patients with chronic T cell tumors, 9 showed abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome #14. The most common aberration was an inversion with breakpoints in q11 and q32, which was seen in 7 patients. One patient had a translocation between chromosomes #9 and #14, with breaks in 9q34 and 14q11, and in another patient, the two long arms of chromosome #14 were fused together in q32, forming a dicentric chromosome. The results confirm earlier suggestions that rearrangements of band 14q11 are involved with T cell tumors and may be of importance for the development of the disease. Chromosome #8 aberrations were seen in seven patients, six of whom had an extra 8q in common. Abnormalities of chromosome #7 occurred in five patients, but the breaks were localized in different bands. The significance of the karyotypic changes in our present and previous series of patients is discussed, together with data from other laboratories. PMID- 3484673 TI - Dihydrofolate-mediated reversal of methotrexate toxicity to hepatoma cells in vitro. AB - H35 hepatoma cells can be rescued from exposure to an inhibitory pulse of methotrexate (MTX) by subsequent addition of folinic acid, dihydrofolate or thymidine. Both folinic acid and dihydrofolate cause the dissociation of methotrexate--dihydrofolate reductase complex although dihydrofolate rescues less effectively than folinic acid. Thymidine does not cause a measurable dissociation of the enzyme--inhibitor complex. The results suggest that the rescue of MTX treated cells by reduced folate coenzymes can be mediated at least in part by the generation of dihydrofolate which by itself can partially reverse MTX inhibition of cell growth. PMID- 3484674 TI - Augmentation of the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive tumor immunotherapy by in vivo administration of slowly released recombinant interleukin 2. AB - Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MMC-treated syngeneic lymphoma cells, MBL-2, caused the generation of antitumor effector cells in vivo and the immunized mice permanently rejected viable MBL-2 lymphoma cells. Both plastic nonadherent T cells and plastic adherent M phi obtained from MBL-2 immunized mouse peritoneal exudate cells revealed strong cytotoxic activity against MBL-2 lymphoma cells, whereas immune spleen cells were not highly active against MBL-2 lymphoma cells in vitro. However, systemic adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells into the MBL 2-bearing mice by i.v. infusion in conjunction with i.p. cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) treatment cured the mice of tumor. This therapeutic efficacy of immune spleen cells was reflected by the number of transferred effector cells and over 5 X 10(7) immune spleen cells were required to cure the mice completely. The cells mediating in vivo rejection of MBL-2 lymphoma cells were Thy 1.2+ T cells. This ACIT was specific against MBL-2 lymphoma cells and had no effect on the growth of other syngeneic tumors, B16 melanoma or BMC6A fibrosarcoma. In vivo administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (r-IL2) combined with ACIT greatly modulated the cure rate of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, we found that slowly released r-IL 2 administratered from an ALZET miniosmotic pump was more effective in augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of immune spleen cells in ACIT than a single injection of the same total dose of r-IL 2. PMID- 3484676 TI - Regulation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate accumulation in human leukemia cells by deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate. AB - Cell cycle-specific fluctuations in the ability of human leukemic cells to phosphorylate 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) to the toxic metabolite 1 beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate (ara-CTP) was investigated in whole cells and in cell extracts. Exponentially growing CCRF-CEM cells were fractionated into populations enriched for G1 phase cells and S phase cells by centrifugal elutriation. The accumulation of ara-CTP by S phase-enriched cells was 50% greater than in G1-enriched cells. However, the ability of extracts of S phase-enriched cells to phosphorylate ara-C was twice that of G1 phase-enriched cell extracts. As cells passed from G1 to S phase, this disproportionality was significant. As demonstrated in other cell types, deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCTP) also potently inhibited ara-C phosphorylation in CCRF-CEM cell extracts (Ki = 5.9 microM). Deoxynucleotide pool levels determined by high pressure liquid chromatography showed a 5 microM dCTP concentration in G1-enriched cells, whereas S phase-enriched cells contained 15 microM dCTP. These findings suggest that the lack of proportionality between the accumulation of ara-CTP in whole cells and the increase of ara-C phosphorylation in extracts during the G1 to S phase transition may be caused by more stringent regulation of ara-C phosphorylation in whole cells by the concomitant increase in cellular dCTP concentrations. Because such regulation is unlikely to be observed in cell extracts, these results indicated that assays of ara-C phosphorylating activity in cell extracts represent upper limits for that function in whole cells. Such determinations may not reflect the regulated nature of the metabolic pathway. PMID- 3484677 TI - In vitro effect of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-M104E) on MOPC 104E myeloma cells. AB - We investigated the effect of three monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (anti M104E) on various functions of MOPC 104E myeloma cells in vitro. The antibodies used were N-20-2 [immunoglobulin M (IgM), BALB/c], SJL18-1 [IgM, BALB/c X SJL F1], and CD3-2 [immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), BALB/c X A/J F1]. The two IgM antibodies were very efficient in blocking surface M104E IgM as shown by rosette inhibition, whereas the IgG1 isotype was not very effective. The reexpression of surface M104E IgM was different from antibody to antibody. The secretion of M104E IgM by MOPC 104E cells was partially blocked by the two IgM antibodies, but the IgG1 antibody had no effect. All three anti-idiotype antibodies inhibited the stem cell renewal activity of MOPC 104E cells assayed by colony formation assay. On the other hand, in suspension culture, the two IgM antibodies inhibited the growth of MOPC 104E cells in the absence of complement or effector cells of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, but IgG1 antibody had no effect. The starting tumor inoculum size was critical in the observations of the effects seen on both the growth and the colony-forming activity of MOPC 104E cells. The results of this study show the functional differences between various monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies and also indicate that some anti-idiotype antibodies can inhibit the growth of MOPC 104E myeloma cells directly without any help of complement or effector cells of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. PMID- 3484675 TI - Augmentation of NK activity and/or macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in the liver by biological response modifiers including human recombinant interleukin 2. AB - Administration of several biological response modifiers (BRMs) to mice strongly augmented natural killer (NK) activity of leukocytes isolated from the liver. This augmentation of NK activity was induced by two synthetic molecules (MVE-2 and poly ICLC), by two BRMs of bacterial origin (formalin-fixed Propionibacterium acnes: P. acnes and a streptococcal cell wall preparation designated OK-432), as well as a single injection of human recombinant interleukin-2 (hrIL 2). All of these BRMs augmented NK activity in the liver to a greater degree than in the spleen. In addition, adherent leukocytes (greater than 90% macrophages) isolated from the liver following P. acnes administration also exhibited augmented macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. This cytotoxicity was characterized as macrophage mediated and distinguished from NK activity, on the basis of adherence purification, kinetics of cytotoxicity, and target cell selectivity. The results demonstrate that a variety of BRMs induce augmented natural immunity in the liver and suggest that such organ-associated immune responses may play an important role in the antimetastatic effects of BRMs. PMID- 3484678 TI - Drug and radiation sensitivity measurements of successful primary monolayer culturing of human tumor cells using cell-adhesive matrix and supplemented medium. AB - The limitations of the agar suspension culture method for primary culturing of human tumor cells prompted development of a monolayer system optimized for cell adhesion and growth. This method grew 83% of fresh human tumor cell biopsy specimens, cultured and not contaminated, from a heterogeneous group of 396 tumors including lung cancer (93 of 114, 82%); melanoma (54 of 72, 75%); sarcoma (46 of 59, 78%); breast cancer (35 of 39, 90%); ovarian cancer (16 of 21, 76%); and a miscellaneous group consisting of gastrointestinal, genitourinary, mesothelioma, and unknown primaries (78 of 91, 86%). Cell growth was characterized morphologically with Papanicolaoustained coverslip cultures and cytogenetically with Giemsastained metaphase spreads. Morphological features such as nuclear pleomorphism, chromatin condensation, basophilic cytoplasm, and melanin pigmentation were routinely seen. Aneuploid metaphases were seen in 90% of evaluable cultures, with 15 of 28 showing 70% or more aneuploid metaphases. Colony-forming efficiency ranged between 0.01 and 1% of viable tumor cells, with a median efficiency of 0.2%. This culture system uses a low inoculum of 25,000 viable cells per well which permitted chemosensitivity testing of nine drugs at four doses in duplicate from 2.2 X 10(6) viable tumor cells and radiation sensitivity testing at five doses in quadruplicate from 0.6 X 10(6) cells. Cultures were analyzed for survival by computerized image analysis of crystal violet-stained cells. Drug sensitivity studies showed variability in sensitivity and in survival curve shape with exponential cell killing for cisplatin, Adriamycin, and etoposide, and shouldered survival curves for 5-fluorouracil frequently seen. Radiation sensitivity studies also showed variability in both sensitivity and survival curve shape. Many cultures showed exponential cell killing, although others had shouldered survival curves. This method for growing cells from primary human biopsy specimens is more efficient than the agar culture method, enables easier and better biological analysis of the actual cells grown, and permits improved characterization of drug and radiation survival curves. PMID- 3484679 TI - Dissociation of therapeutic and toxic effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid admixed with poly-L-lysine and solubilized with carboxymethyl cellulose in tumor bearing mice. AB - In this paper, we describe a study of the therapeutic parameters (dose and schedule) and immunomodulatory activity (macrophage, natural killer cell, and T cell number and function) of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid admixed with poly-L lysine and solubilized with carboxymethyl cellulose [poly(I,C)-LC] in the treatment of MBL-2 tumor ascites. Tumor-bearing mice received an optimal therapeutic protocol [100 micrograms poly(I,C)-LC administered twice a wk], a maximum tolerated dose [50 micrograms poly(I,C)-LC administered daily], or the optimal immunomodulatory protocol for normal mice [10 micrograms poly(I,C)-LC administered daily]. The percentage of tumor-associated macrophages and their cytotoxic activity correlated with host survival. In addition, splenic T-cell activity correlated with host survival, and splenic natural killer cell function had a near significant correlation with host survival. These results indicate that the optimal dose and schedule of poly(I,C)-LC for immunomodulation in tumor bearing animals are also the optimal therapeutic protocol but have less toxicity than the maximum tolerated dose. PMID- 3484680 TI - Qualitative differences in position of sialylation and surface expression of glycolipids between murine lymphomas with low metastatic (Eb) and high metastatic (ESb) potentials and isolation of a novel disialoganglioside (GD1 alpha) from Eb cells. AB - Glycolipids of murine lymphoma cell lines with low metastatic (Eb) and high metastatic (ESb) potentials have been investigated. The Eb cell line was characterized by a high quantity of gangliotriaosylceramide (Gg3), gangliotetraosylceramide (Gg4), GM1b, and a new type of disialoganglioside, termed GD1 alpha. In contrast, the high metastatic ESb cell line was characterized by the absence of these glycolipids and instead by the presence of GM3, GM2, GM1a, GD1a, and GD1b gangliosides. A clear cell surface reactivity with monoclonal antibody anti-Gg3 (2D4) was observed only in Eb cells. Thus, Eb cells are distinct from ESb cells in their ability to add the GalNAc residue to LacCer, supplying Gg3 for synthesis of a series of glycolipids via an asialogangliotetraosyl pathway, while ESb cells are capable of synthesizing GM3, which initiates synthesis of ganglio-series gangliosides GM2, GM1a, GD1a, and GD1b. While disialogangliosides of ESb cells were identified as GD1a and GD1b, a disialoganglioside isolated from Eb cells was characterized as having a novel structure (referred to as GD1 alpha) as follows: (formula; see text) Thus, Eb and ESb cells are clearly different in their qualitative sialylation patterns, i.e., the position of sialic acid residues. Cell surface labeling with galactose oxidase/NaB[3H]4 revealed a high exposure of Gg3 and Gg4 at the Eb cell surface, while both labels were absent in ESb cells. In contrast, ESb cells showed a substantial label at GM1a, which was greatly enhanced after sialidase treatment. PMID- 3484681 TI - Inhibition of cell proliferation by interleukin-1 derived from monocytic leukemia cells. AB - Growth inhibitors and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are two biological response modifiers produced by mezerein-treated THP-1 cells maintained in serum-free medium. The activities comigrated with isoelectrofocusing in a pH range of 6.7 to 7.3. Subsequent molecular sieving on an AcA-54 column revealed that a portion of the growth-inhibitory activity for the mammary cell line MCF-7 remained associated with IL-1. IL-1-containing fractions were further analyzed by chromatography with DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl:Sepharose, and concanavalin A:Sepharose. In each instance, IL-1 coeluted with growth-inhibitory activity. IL-1 and growth-inhibitory activities partially purified by sequential isofocusing, AcA-54 chromatography, and DEAE-Sephacel were located in a single region following preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Elution, concentration, and analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this region resulted in a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 17,000. Stability studies revealed similarities between the IL-1 activity and growth-inhibitory activity in their sensitivity to a variety of physical and chemical treatments. A commercial source of human IL-1 also inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells. DEAE-purified IL-1 derived from THP-1 cells inhibited the growth of 7 of 11 cell types tested, and all inhibited cell lines were established from malignant sources. Prostaglandin synthesis by MCF-7 cells in response to IL-1 was not responsible for growth inhibition. PMID- 3484682 TI - Introduced T cell receptor variable region gene segments recombine in pre-B cells: evidence that B and T cells use a common recombinase. AB - We have recently proposed that a common recombinase performs all of the many variable region gene assembly events in B and T cells, and that the specificity of these joining events is mediated by regulating the "accessibility" of the involved gene segments. To test this possibility, we have introduced "accessible" T cell receptor (TCR) variable region gene segments into a pre-B cell line capable of recombining endogenous and transfected immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region gene segments. Although the corresponding "inaccessible" endogenous TCR gene segments do not rearrange in this line or in B cells in general, the introduced TCR gene segments join very frequently and, in fact, closely resemble introduced Ig gene segments in their recombination characteristics. These observations suggest a new role for conventional Ig transcriptional enhancers- recombinational enhancement. Our studies provide insight into additional aspects of the joining mechanism such as N region insertion, aberrant joining, and recombination-recognition sequence requirements for joining. PMID- 3484684 TI - HLA-Dr-unrestricted accessory cell function in human neutrophils. AB - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were purified from purified protein derivative (PPD)-immune individuals and assayed for their ability to act as antigen-presenting cells for PPD to autologous purified lymphocytes or as accessory cells in a PHA mitogenic response with autologous lymphocytes. PMNs were very efficient accessory cells in that the PHA mitogenic response was augmented fourfold by the addition of PMNs to the culture. In contrast, PMNs did not appear to present antigen. Accessory cell function by PMNs was HLA unrestricted in that allogeneic PMNs were equally effective accessory cells. Furthermore, the accessory cell function of PMNs appeared to require cell-cell contact, since culture supernatants from PMNs failed to replace intact PMNs in the mitogenic response. PMID- 3484683 TI - Effect of palatoplasty on the function of the Eustachian tube in children with cleft palate. AB - Eustachian tube function of 24 children with cleft palate (37 ears) was evaluated longitudinally utilizing the inflation-deflation and forced-response tests before and after palatoplasty. Our results for children in this longitudinal study showed that the passive function of the tube was improved following palatoplasty. Active tubal function, which measures the muscle-induced tubal dilations, was little affected by the procedure. The majority of ears tested both before and after palatoplasty demonstrated tubal dilations with swallowing. In contrast, cross-sectional data conducted on the children with a history of otitis media and repaired cleft palates, documented a severe defect in this active tubal function with 70 percent of the tests evidencing a tubal constriction. These data suggest that the results of Eustachian tube function tests may be prognostic of the future course of ear disease in these children. PMID- 3484686 TI - Mismatch between iodine-123 and xenon-133 SPECT rCBF measurement. AB - This report is concerned with the case of a man afflicted by multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations. The rCBF measurement with Xe-133 inhalation was relatively elevated. However, I-123 iodoamphetamine imaging showed a relative reduction in radioactivity, and was a more accurate reflection of the clinical situation. PMID- 3484685 TI - Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and prostaglandin production by purified recombinant murine interleukin 1. AB - Recombinant murine interleukin 1 (IL-1) obtained from a clone of Escherichia coli containing an IL-1 expression plasmid was purified to homogeneity using a sequential extraction procedure and gel filtration chromatography. The purified recombinant IL-1 exhibited a pI of approximately 5.2 and a sp act of 6 X 10(6) units/mg. These values are in agreement with those obtained with natural murine IL-1. The purified recombinant IL-1 enhanced the proliferation of human HEL and WI-38 fibroblasts in a serum-free medium. In addition, IL-1 stimulated fibroblast PGE2 5- to 30-fold over a 24-hr period. The effects of IL-1 on fibroblast activation were obtained with the same concentrations of IL-1 that are effective in the mouse thymocyte assay. These results unequivocally establish the ability of IL-1 to modulate fibroblast proliferation and function. PMID- 3484687 TI - Hepatic hemangioma. Diagnosis by emission computed tomography. AB - Hepatic hemangiomas in an asymptomatic patient usually require no treatment. Therefore, noninvasive diagnosis of this entity is critical to avoid an unnecessary diagnostic laparotomy and/or closed biopsy, the latter potentially leading to massive or fatal hemorrhage. Numerous authors have reported on the use of computed tomography, ultrasound, and planar nuclear imaging to establish this diagnosis (1,2,3). The findings in a case studied by all modalities, including SPECT imaging, are reported. PMID- 3484688 TI - Plasmacytoma of the lumbar spine by SPECT. AB - SPECT done under technically unfavorable circumstances succeeded in improving cold and hot lesion detectability and clarity in a lumbar spine bone scan in a patient with a plasmacytoma of a vertebral body. PMID- 3484689 TI - Vitamin D2 therapy of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Assessment of non-compliance. AB - A patient treated with massive doses of vitamin D for pseudohypoparathyroidism who had a convulsive episode due to hypocalcemia is reported. Evaluation of the patient's vitamin D status led us to conclude that the patient was non-compliant with vitamin D treatment. PMID- 3484690 TI - Correlation of nasopharyngeal and conjunctival cultures with middle ear fluid cultures in otitis media. A prospective study. AB - Eighty children with acute otitis media (AOM) were prospectively studied to determine the correlation and clinical usefulness of nasopharyngeal (NP), conjunctival (CONJ), and middle ear fluid (MEF) cultures. NP cultures correlated more accurately with MEF (p less than 0.01) than did CONJ cultures (p less than 0.05) for both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (H. flu). The positive predictive value of NP cultures for positive MEF was only 47%, but the negative predictive value was 87 percent. NP cultures, therefore, appear to have significant predictive clinical value only when negative in identifying children likely to have sterile MEF. High correlation of NP, CONJ, and MEF in children with H. flu conjunctivitis (p less than 0.01) suggests that early systemic rather than topical antibiotic treatment for H. flu conjunctivitis in small children may avert subsequent occurrence of the "conjunctivitis-otitis" syndrome. PMID- 3484691 TI - Digoxin and bepridil: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. AB - The influence of bepridil on steady-state serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) and the pharmacodynamic actions of both drugs were tested in 48 healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind study. Subjects were assigned to one of two groups of 24 subjects each: One group received placebo 1, while the other received digoxin, 0.375 mg/day, loaded with doubled doses on days 1 and 2, for 14 days. After 7 days the groups were subdivided into four groups of 12 subjects each and received concurrent dosing of digoxin with either placebo 2 or bepridil, 300 mg/day, loaded with 900 mg on day 8. Mean (+/- SD) SDCs rose during concurrent bepridil dosing from 0.93 +/- 0.22 to 1.25 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). Noninvasive cardiovascular parameters from ECG, systolic time intervals, and electrical impedance cardiography were not influenced by the placebos. Digoxin and bepridil reduced heart rate and prolonged the PQ interval because of negative chronotropic and dromotropic properties. Positive inotropism from digoxin shortened the corrected electromechanical systole (QS2c) and the preejection period and increased impedance cardiography [(dZ/dt)/RZ index]; the opposite effects occurred after bepridil, indicating negative inotropism. The QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) showed a similar pattern of changes, as did QS2c for each drug. Concurrent dosing of both drugs resulted in an addition of their chronotropic effects, whereas the dromotropic effects of each drug alone was not intensified. The strengthened digoxin effect from the increased SDC diminished the negative inotropic effect of bepridil. Overall, drug coadministration resulted in a nearly unchanged digoxin-induced positive inotropism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3484692 TI - Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, cefaclor, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. AB - A total of 126 strains of Haemophilus influenzae were examined for susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefaclor, and erythromycin by an agar dilution procedure. Fifty strains (eight type B, 42 non type B), all with ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of greater than or equal to 6.2 micrograms/ml, produced beta-lactamase. The remaining 76 strains (18 type B, 59 non-type B) were beta-lactamase-negative. All of these strains had ampicillin MICs of less than or equal to 0.8 micrograms/ml. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (2:1) was highly active against all strains tested. With the exception of two strains with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid MICs of 1.6/0.8 ug/ml, all strains were inhibited by concentrations of less than or equal to 0.8/0.4 ug/ml. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was also found to be highly active (MICs uniformly less than or equal to 0.1/1.9 ug/ml). Cefaclor and erythromycin were the least active of the agents tested. Fourteen strains (10.6%) had cefaclor MICs of greater than 32 ug/ml. Forty-seven strains (35.6%) had erythromycin MICs of greater than 8 micrograms/ml. With the exception of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid beta-lactamase production did not seem to influence the activity of any of the antimicrobials tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, although still well within achievable serum levels, were approximately one twofold dilution higher with beta lactamase-producing H. influenzae type B strains than with beta-lactamase negative strains. PMID- 3484693 TI - Distribution of pancreatic elastase and metalloproteinase in vertebrates. AB - Elastase-like enzymes were detected as zymogens in all of the pancreatic extracts from the gummy shark, bullhead shark, angel shark, smooth hammerhead, bestel, rainbow trout, carp, eel, Japanese mackerel, yellowtail, sea bass, parrotfish, bullfrog, chicken, bluewhite dolphin, hog, rat, cat, and dog. The distribution of pancreatic elastase and metalloproteinase was examined on the basis of the effect of specific inhibitors on elastase like-activity in each extract. The results indicate that pancreatic elastases are present in all the species examined and pancreatic metalloproteinases are present only in the teleost fishes. PMID- 3484695 TI - Long-term prognosis of survivors of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Structural and functional correlates. AB - Limited data exist detailing the long-term sequelae of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Open lung biopsies were obtained in seven renal transplant recipients within 48 hours of the onset of respiratory failure. Biopsy specimens and simultaneous chest roentgenograms were graded without clinical information according to the severity of alveolar damage and pulmonary infiltrates, respectively. Evaluation of pulmonary function and exercise physiology were performed 15 to 21 months after their illness. Pulmonary function indices were normal except FRC (2.65 +/- 0.56 L or 77 +/- 16 percent of predicted) and Dsb (20.0 +/- 7.2 ml/min/mm Hg or 79 +/- 19 percent of predicted). Two patients developed arterial desaturation with exercise. Alveolar damage scores correlated with later exercise arterial desaturation (r = 0.88, p less than 0.05). Simultaneous roentgenographic scores correlated with later abnormalities of Dsb (r = 0.81, p less than 0.05). Mild residual abnormalities of pulmonary function were found in five of seven adult survivors of Pneumocystis pneumonia. These abnormalities correlated with pathologic and radiographic features of the acute illness. PMID- 3484694 TI - Genetic studies in familial fibrosing alveolitis. Possible linkage with immunoglobulin allotypes (Gm). AB - A family containing 12 subjects spanning three generations and including six cases with clinical evidence of definite or probable fibrosing alveolitis has been investigated. Histologic confirmation was available for three cases. The subjects were between 15 and 54 years of age at diagnosis. Although the size of the sample is small, the mode of inheritance of fibrosing alveolitis within this family appeared to be dominant with incomplete penetrance. HLA typing showed that at least one of the affected siblings did not share any HLA haplotypes with other affected siblings in the third generation. This makes it unlikely that a disease gene would be in association with HLA genes on chromosome 6. In contrast, all affected siblings, as well as two as yet unaffected siblings, carried the immunoglobulin haplotype Gm 1. These studies indicate that familial fibrosing alveolitis in this family may be inherited by a dominantly inherited gene located on chromosome 14 close to the loci encoding for Gm. PMID- 3484696 TI - Aortic pseudo-aneurysm with Aspergillus aortitis. An unusual complication of coronary bypass surgery. AB - This is the first report of fatal postoperative Aspergillus infection in an aortic pseudoaneurysm associated with a jet lesion produced by a deformed, but hemodynamically normal aortic valve. Widespread arterial embolization was the principal feature and resulted in death on the 12th hospital day due to massive thromboembolism to the brain three months after successful coronary bypass surgery. Possible sources of such infections and the potential effect of the jet lesion are discussed. PMID- 3484697 TI - Rectal bleeding induced by Dipyridamole. AB - Nineteen patients treated continuously with Dipyridamole were evaluated for rectal bleeding. Thirteen suffered from overt rectal bleeding and six served as controls. Hemorrhoids were found in all patients. Contact bleeding was found in 16. The bleeding continued despite rubber band ligation, and stopped only on withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 3484699 TI - [High-dosage cotrimoxazole therapy of disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis infection]. AB - After a scraping injury to the skin a 47-year-old man developed a generalized Nocardia brasiliensis infection with cutaneous, pulmonary and cerebral dissemination. There was no predisposing underlying illness. High-dosage cotrimoxazol and short-term intrathecal and systemic gentamycin administration achieved extensive healing. This form of treatment would thus seem capable of reversing the otherwise poor prognosis of generalized N. brasiliensis infection. PMID- 3484698 TI - [Demonstration and localization of hemorrhage in the intestinal tract. Comparison between 99mTc-colloid scintigraphy and selective angiography of the visceral vessels]. AB - In 17 patients with suspected bleeding in the lower intestinal tract 23 scintigraphic studies were performed with Tc-colloid, followed in each case by visceral-artery angiography. Comparison of the two methods with the final clinical diagnosis indicated that angiography was correct in 6 of 23 examinations (26%), scintigraphy in 12 of 23 (52%). All scintigraphically negative results were negative also angiographically. Noninvasive, relatively unstressful scintigraphy should be performed for immediate diagnosis in any case of acute bleeding. Emergency-type angiography is reasonably performed only if scintigraphy is positive. PMID- 3484700 TI - Characterization of the calf uterine androgen receptor and its activation to the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding state. AB - The androgen receptor (AR) from calf uterine cytosol has been studied in terms of steroid-binding affinity, hormone dissociation kinetics, and DNA-cellulose binding capacity. The binding affinity for three androgens, analyzed under conditions where binding to progesterone receptor did not occur, decreased in the order: methyltrienolone greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone greater than testosterone. Activation of the receptor to the DNA-binding state involved the following changes of the receptor: decrease in dissociation rate for the steroid, disaggregation of the receptor, and increase in affinity for DNA. Dissociation studies with methyltrienolone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone revealed that the AR can exist in two affinity states which differ 13- to 30-fold in their affinity for the steroid. Molybdate (10-20 mM) prevented the formation of the high affinity state. The high affinity state receptor was formed in the absence of molybdate or after ammonium sulfate precipitation (0-40% saturation) of the molybdate-stabilized low affinity state receptor. During formation of the high affinity state, the sedimentation coefficient of the receptor in low ionic strength buffer decreased from 8-9S to 4.5S, indicating receptor disaggregation. DNA-cellulose binding capacity increased from 3 to 65% upon formation of the high affinity state. The DNA-binding form could be eluted from DNA-cellulose at 0.14 M NaCl. After elution the DNA-binding form maintained its sedimentation coefficient of 4.5S and chromatographed as a protein with a Stokes radius of 44 A. From these results it can be concluded that the activated, DNA-binding form of the AR in calf uterus is a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 85,000, which acquires a higher affinity for the ligand upon its formation. PMID- 3484702 TI - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose-specific phosphotransferase system in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Energetics of the phosphoryl group transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose. AB - Energy coupling to fructose transport in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is achieved by phosphorylation of the membrane-spanning fructose-specific carrier protein, EFruII. The phosphoryl group of phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to EFruII via the cytoplasmic component SF (soluble factor). The standard free enthalpy of hydrolysis of the two phosphorylated proteins has been estimated from isotope exchange measurements in chemical equilibrium. The delta G degrees for SF-P is 60.5 kJ/mol. The standard free enthalpy for hydrolysis of EII-P is -37.9 kJ/mol, but -45.2 kJ/mol when SF is still complexed to it, as in the overall reaction. Therefore the standard free enthalpy of hydrolysis of SF X EII-P is 70% of the standard free enthalpy of hydrolysis of P-enolpyruvate. The measurements reveal two regulation sites in the system. First, the phosphorylation of SF is inhibited by pyruvate when the concentration ratio of pyruvate/P-enolpyruvate becomes too high. Second, a low concentration of internal fructose prevents the phosphorylation of the carrier by the internal fructose-1-P pool when the concentration of the latter becomes too high or the phosphorylation rate by P enolpyruvate too slow. Furthermore comparison of the isotope exchange and the overall phosphotransferase reaction kinetics leads to the conclusion that binding of fructose to the carrier is a slow step relative to the phosphoryl group transfer from EFruII to fructose. PMID- 3484701 TI - Effect of 2,5-hexanedione on lymphoid organs of rats: a preliminary report. AB - Preliminary studies related to immunotoxicologic effects of 2,5-hexanedione, the final major metabolite of n-hexane/MnBk, were carried out in rats following single or repeated exposures. Female albino rats were given either single or seven consecutive oral doses of 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 X LD50 of 2,5-hexanedione, and a time-related kinetic study was performed using hematology, histology, cellularity, and organ weight/body weight as major parameters. Following single exposure of 2,5-hexanedione to rats, a dose-dependent thymic atrophy was evident at the end of 7 days. The atrophy was reversible when the animals were given 7 days nonexposure rest. In contrast, there was no thymic atrophy when the animals were exposed for 7 consecutive days. Significant decline in the cellular populations of various lymphoid organs was also observed in rats exposed either to single or repeated doses of 2,5-hexanedione. Results obtained in the present study indicate that 2,5-hexanedione, a known potent neurotoxic substance, adversely affects the lymphoid organs of the immune system in rats. PMID- 3484703 TI - Completion of the primary structure of human high-molecular-mass kininogen. The amino acid sequence of the entire heavy chain and evidence for its evolution by gene triplication. AB - The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain of human high-molecular-mass kininogen has been determined. It completes the primary structure of the high-Mr kininogen molecule. The heavy chain contains 362, the total kininogen molecule 626 amino acid residues. Three carbohydrate side chains were found in the heavy chain, all of them N-glycosidically linked to asparagine, which is present in the acceptor sequon Asn-Xaa-Thr (or -Ser); one additional potential glycosylation site devoid of a sugar side chain is found at position 30. There is a high degree of homology between the heavy chains of human high-Mr kininogen and bovine high-Mr kininogen (74% identity), or rat T-kininogen (61%). Comparison of the primary structure of human high-Mr kininogen with that of human low-Mr kininogen predicted from its cDNA sequence, reveals that the heavy chains of the two human kininogens are completely identical. Two heavy chain segments believed to contain the reactive sites for cysteine proteinase inhibition show an extensive sequence homology with other mammalian cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Within the heavy chain of human high-Mr kininogen are repetitive units strongly suggesting that the heavy chain of human kininogens has evolved from at least two ancestral units by a series of gene duplication and fusion events. PMID- 3484704 TI - A biochemical and ultrastructural study on myocardial changes during aorto coronary bypass surgery: St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegia versus intermittent aortic cross-clamping at 34 and 25 degrees C. AB - The changes induced by continuous aortic cross-clamping in combination with multidose ice-cold St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegia (myocardial temperature below 16 degrees C), or intermittent aortic cross-clamping at 34 or 25 degrees C were evaluated in a randomized study on 72 patients undergoing extensive aorto coronary bypass surgery. The cumulative release of heart-specific enzymes was very small and no marked ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of both the subepi- and the subendocardial layer of the left ventricular free wall occurred. No differences between the three operation techniques could be observed on the basis of the above-mentioned parameters. Myocardial ATP and glycogen contents were decreased in post-ischaemic tissue in both the normothermic and hypothermic intermittent aortic cross-clamp groups. This decrease was associated with a release of lactate and inorganic phosphate during the repetitive periods of reperfusion. No change in myocardial ATP and glycogen content could be observed in the cardioplegia-treated hearts. St. Thomas Hospital cardioplegia is obviously most effective in preventing changes in myocardial metabolism such as reduction of ATP and carbohydrate stores during the reversible phase of ischaemic insult. PMID- 3484705 TI - Thioridazine enhances lysosomal accumulation of epidermal growth factor and toxicity of conjugates of epidermal growth factor with Pseudomonas exotoxin. AB - Thioridazine, a phenothiazine calmodulin inhibitor, aggravated the cytotoxic effect of a conjugate (EGF-PE) of epidermal growth factor (EGF) coupled with Pseudomonas exotoxin against cultured HeLa cells. Other phenothiazine calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, also intensified the cytotoxic effect of EGF-PE, whereas N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (W7) had no such effect. By using iodinated epidermal growth factor ( [125I]EGF), the effect of thioridazine on intracellular transport of EGF was examined. The release of radioactivity associated with [125I]EGF into medium was slow in the presence of thioridazine. The Percoll gradient centrifugation pattern showed that thioridazine delayed both the appearance of [125I]EGF in lysosomes and the disappearance of [125I]EGF from the lysosomes. The pH value in lysosomes was 5.28 in thioridazine-treated HeLa cells, while that in untreated cells was 5.15. Thioridazine was found to inhibit lysosomal enzyme activities of cathepsin B and acid phosphatase, but not beta-hexosaminidase when cell extracts were treated with the drug. Electron microscopy showed an increased number of electron-dense bodies, possibly autophagosomes/lysosomes in HeLa cells grown for 48 h with 3 micrograms/ml thioridazine. The potentiating action of EGF-PE by thioridazine is discussed in relation to the altered lysosomal function in treated cells. PMID- 3484706 TI - Mode of action of human urinary colony-stimulating factor. AB - Human urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF-HU) has been highly purified using procedures containing DEAE cellulose, phenyl Sepharose CL-4B, Sephadex G-200, hydroxylapatite, and high performance liquid chromatography. The final preparation had a specific activity of 3.3 X 10(7) U/mg protein. Although the purified CSF-HU was not active on human monocyte-depleted bone marrow cells, it stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes obtained from five healthy volunteers to produce human active granulocytic colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which stimulated human monocyte-depleted bone marrow cells to form granulocytic colonies. The human G-CSF-producing activity of CSF-HU was not neutralized by polymyxin B, which is known to inhibit the effect of endotoxin. Newly produced G CSF had an approximate molecular weight of 24,000 daltons as judged by chromatography on Sephadex G-150. These results indicate that CSF-HU stimulates human monocytes to produce human G-CSF in vitro. PMID- 3484707 TI - Production of a Parkinson-like syndrome in the cat with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): behavior, histology, and biochemistry. AB - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a potent dopaminergic neurotoxin, was administered to cats systemically for 5 to 7 days. This treatment produced a behavioral syndrome characterized by akinesia, ataxia, bradykinesia, and feeding difficulties, lasting for several weeks. During this period of severe behavioral impairment, caudate and nucleus accumbens dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations were quite depleted. Behavioral recovery ensued over the next several weeks as did some recovery of striatal catecholamines. MPTP destroyed the majority of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons while affecting a much lesser number of locus ceruleus and ventral tegmental neurons. These results demonstrated for the first time that MPTP can cause long-lasting deficits in nigrostriatal functioning in the cat and may provide a means for studying the apparently selective neurotoxic effects of MPTP as well as for understanding the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3484708 TI - Low density lipoprotein-receptor activity is lost in vivo in malignantly transformed renal tissue. AB - Mammalian cells can acquire cholesterol through two tightly regulated pathways, namely de novo cholesterol synthesis and receptor-mediated endocytosis of circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL). Malignant cells growing in vitro acquire cholesterol through both mechanisms but the quantitative importance of these pathways to a cancer growing in vivo is not known. Using the Lewis rat renal carcinoma model, this study measured the rate of cholesterol acquisition via both pathways in vivo in both normal and malignant renal tissue. In contrast to normal kidney, after malignant transformation, LDL-receptor activity disappeared entirely and the cancer acquired the cholesterol needed for growth by a 5-fold increase in the rate of cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 3484709 TI - Effect of simulated systemic administration of aspirin, salicylate, and indomethacin on amphibian gastric mucosa. AB - The effects of 20 mM aspirin (ASA), 20 mM sodium salicylate (SA), or 10(-4) M indomethacin placed in the nutrient solution (N) to stimulate systemic administration were investigated at pHN 7.3 in Ussing-chambered amphibian gastric mucosae. In histamine-stimulated tissues, the initial rise and subsequent rapid fall in potential difference, rise in resistance, and inhibition of hydrogen ion (H+) secretion induced by SAN did not occur with ASAN unless hydrolysis of ASAN produced a SAN of greater than 3 mM. In metiamide-treated tissues, 20 mM SAN caused an immediate fall in potential difference and an increase in resistance; 2 mM SAN and 20 mM ASA produced similar qualitative electrical changes, but only those induced by ASA were reversible. IndomethacinN caused no significant changes in potential difference, resistance, or H+ secretion in histamine- or metiamide treated tissues. Despite producing highly significant reductions in generation of prostaglandin E2, and prostaglanndin F2 alpha and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, ASAN and indomethacin caused no surface ulceration. Sodium salicylate placed in the nutrient solution caused only a small reduction in prostaglandin F2 alpha, without change in the other prostaglandins, and produced extensive edema in the lamina propria, histologically. We conclude the following: (a) The inhibition of H+ secretion and electrical changes caused by SAN in histamine-treated gastric fundus are not observed with ASAN unless there is hydrolysis to [SAN] greater than 3 mM. (b) Our data strongly implicate the SAN in ASAN-containing solutions as being responsible for the electrical effects and inhibition of H+ secretion. (c) There is no correlation in vitro between inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and the electrical or morphologic changes produced by nutrient exposure to ASA, SA, or indomethacin. PMID- 3484711 TI - Hemorrhoids or rectal varices: defining the cause of massive rectal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension. AB - Identifying the source of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension can be challenging. We present 2 cases of hemorrhage from rectal varices and a discussion on the differences between simple hemorrhoids and rectal varices. Evaluation of rectal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension is discussed and possible therapeutic options are described. PMID- 3484710 TI - Use of selective mesenteric vasodilator peptides in experimental nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in the dog. AB - Three structurally related peptides, ovine corticotropin-releasing factor, sauvagine, and urotensin I are selective mesenteric vasodilators in dogs. To assess the possible benefit of these peptides in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, they were compared with a nonselective vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, in the anesthetized dog. Mesenteric blood flow was reduced by approximately 30%, without lowering of systemic arterial pressure, by either digoxin or pericardial tamponade. In the digoxin model, i.v. infusions of corticotropin-releasing factor, sauvagine, and urotensin I restored intestinal vascular resistance and mesenteric blood flow to control values, without causing a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure. In the tamponade model, only urotensin I was assessed, and it produced the same restoration of hemodynamic variables. On the other hand, in both models, i.v. infusions of nitroprusside, which were effective in correcting intestinal vascular resistance, produced a fall in arterial blood pressure (presumably because of systemic dilatation), which prevented restoration of mesenteric blood flow. Intestinal oxygen uptake was not altered by tamponade, but was reduced by 23% in the digoxin model, where it was restored to control values by both the peptides and nitroprusside. The increased oxygen extraction seen in both models was corrected by the peptides but not by nitroprusside, suggesting that nitroprusside may have a direct and offsetting metabolic effect on the gut. PMID- 3484712 TI - Circadian variation of plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone among heterozygotic carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (salt-losing form). AB - The circadian variation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in 3 male obligatory carriers of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (salt-losing form) was not significantly different from that of normal noncarrier male subjects. PMID- 3484713 TI - Assessment of short-term prognosis after variceal bleeding in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis by early measurement of portohepatic gradient. AB - Seventy-two consecutively admitted patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis and a bleeding episode endoscopically proven to originate from ruptured esophageal varices were studied. Hemodynamic assessment was performed within 48 hr of admission using the transjugular approach. Mean portal pressure was found to be significantly greater in the group of patients who died than in those who survived for 1 week, 2 weeks or 1 month after admission. We conclude that: The portohepatic pressure gradient and portal pressure have short-term prognostic value in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices. Owing to a high early mortality, any delay between the occurrence of a bleeding episode and the measurement of portal pressure appears to select a sample of survivors with a significantly lower mean level of portal pressure than in those measured earlier. When evaluating portal pressure, the time of study is one of the most important variables which may affect the conclusions. PMID- 3484714 TI - Effect of propranolol on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics in dogs with chronic bile duct ligation. AB - Propranolol has been reported to reduce portal and wedged hepatic vein pressures in man and may be useful for the prevention of variceal bleeding. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. We have examined the effect of propranolol on the systemic and hepatic circulations in dogs with chronic bile duct ligation and secondary biliary cirrhosis. Under anesthesia, eight dogs received four increasing doses of propranolol as an i.v. bolus followed by continuous infusion. Systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters were measured in basal conditions and after a 30 min infusion for each dose. Portal vein and hepatic artery blood flows were measured with electromagnetic flow meters. All dogs had portal hypertension (portal venous pressure 15.3 +/- 0.8 mm Hg), a hyperdynamic circulation and severe liver disease resulting in a marked decrease of propranolol systemic clearance (8.75 ml per min per kg) and extraction (40%). The first dose of propranolol induced a decrease in heart rate (-27%) and in cardiac index (-21%), and an increase in systemic vascular resistance (+20%). With increasing doses, the systemic vascular resistance decreased with an increase in the cardiac index. Propranolol was not associated with significant modifications of hepatic hemodynamics: portal, wedged and free hepatic venous pressures and hepatic artery blood flow were stable, and portal blood flow decreased slightly at very high propranolol levels. In seven dogs studied without dissection of the hepatic vessels, there was a small decrease in portal pressure, but not in wedged and free hepatic venous pressures with increasing doses of propranolol. Thus, in dogs with intrahepatic portal hypertension, propranolol has significant effects on systemic hemodynamics, but only minimal effects on the hepatic circulation. PMID- 3484715 TI - Portal venous-esophageal luminal pressure gradient in cirrhosis. AB - The portal venous-esophageal luminal pressure gradient may be more important than the absolute portal venous pressure in explaining hemorrhages caused by esophageal varices. A continuous recording of portal venous pressure and the esophageal luminal pressure enabled the authors to study the gradient between these pressures in 12 cirrhotic patients with varices of different size and under different circumstances, in particular inspiration, expiration, coughing and a Valsalva maneuver. A significant increase of portal venous pressure occurred during inspiration (+15%), coughing (+77%) and Valsalva maneuver (+157%). The value of portal venous-esophageal luminal pressure gradient increased during inspiration (+38%), coughing (+90%) and Valsalva maneuver (+69%) while it decreased during expiration (-14%). PMID- 3484716 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in immature haemopoietic cells, T- and B-lymphocytes. AB - T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and cells derived from human haemopoietic progenitor cells were analysed for their sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate. T- and B-lymphocytes were separated and stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Epstein Barr (EB) virus respectively, while the progenitor cells were cultured in the mixed colony assay. B-lymphocytes had a significantly lower SCE rate than either the T-lymphocytes or cells derived from progenitor cells. PMID- 3484717 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in highly purified human B and T lymphocytes. AB - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates were determined in human peripheral blood B and T lymphocyte populations highly purified by immunologic methods. The purified populations were supplemented with gamma-irradiated unseparated autologous mononuclear cells to restore helper-functions and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), respectively. Measured at the different peaks of proliferation after identical bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incubation times, T lymphocytes showed significantly higher SCE frequencies than B lymphocytes. In both populations, different proliferation kinetics and a different minimal BrdU concentration for sister chromatid differentiation (SCD) were observed. PMID- 3484718 TI - Cyclosporine affects the function of antigen-presenting cells. AB - The immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine (CsA) is known to affect T-cell function. We have studied the effect of CsA on the specific proliferative response of T cell lines to antigen. In addition to blocking IL-2 release by specifically activated T-cell lines, CsA also affected the ability of irradiated spleen cells to present preprocessed antigen to T-cell lines. Irradiated spleen cells pulsed with antigen for 2 hr were able to stimulate a proliferative response in T-cell lines. Following a 2-hr pulse with CsA, antigen presentation by these irradiated spleen cells was reduced significantly, suggesting that CsA not only affects T cells, but also affects the function of antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 3484719 TI - Studies on the differentiation of T lymphocytes in sheep. II. Two monoclonal antibodies that recognize all ovine T lymphocytes. AB - Two mouse monoclonal cytotoxic antibodies (ST-1a and ST-1b) recognize an antigen present on the large majority of thymocytes and all T cells in the periphery, but not B cells or other haemopoietic cells in sheep. Examination of frozen sections of various fetal tissues revealed that the cells expressing this antigen first appeared in the thymus, and these cells markedly increase in numbers in the peripheral lymphoid tissues after mid-gestation. Large accumulations of positive cells were located in the paracortex of lymph nodes, the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath of the spleen, and interfollicular areas of jejunal Peyer's patches, all of which are known to be T-dependent areas. Treatment of lymphocytes with ST-1a and complement resulted in the abrogation of T-proliferative responses, but the response to a B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, was not reduced. Neither ST-1a nor ST-1b cross-reacted to lymphocytes obtained from other species of animals (man, monkey, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, chicken, frog, pig, horse, goat and cattle). Based on these findings, it was concluded that the expression of the antigen recognized by ST-1a and ST-1b is restricted to the T-cell lineage of sheep, and that all ovine T cells express this antigen. Furthermore, ST-1a and ST 1b were determined to recognize the same antigen by reciprocal blocking experiments. PMID- 3484720 TI - Development and maintenance of bovine cytotoxic lymphocytes with recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - Long-term bovine lymphocyte cultures were initiated by stimulation with alloantigens and maintained in continuous culture using medium containing recombinant human interleukin-2 (rh IL-2). The development of specific and lectin dependent killing was monitored following primary alloantigen challenge. Cytolytic activity was barely detectable after 7 days of culture, but gradually increased with peak activity occurring after 21 days of culture. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) was used to determine whether a shift in the antigen phenotype of the cell population occurred during culture. The primary cell type that grew in culture was of the T-cell lineage with minimal or no expression of class II antigens. The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP), adenosine kinase (AK), deoxyadenosine kinase (dAK), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-N), AMP deaminase, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT or HPRT), and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) were measured by microassay in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and in cells from long-term cultures. Large increases in the activities of PNP and HPRT with a decrease in the activity of ADA were observed. The data show that long-term cultures of lymphocytes can be readily generated, and that sequential changes in antigenic phenotype and function can be monitored and correlated with quantitative changes in enzyme activity. PMID- 3484721 TI - A new monoclonal antibody (KB61) recognizing a novel antigen which is selectively expressed on a subpopulation of human B lymphocytes. AB - The present paper describes a new monoclonal antibody (KB61) raised against hairy cell leukaemia cells. Antibody KB61 recognizes a molecule of approximately 40,000 molecular weight on human B cells. It reacts with B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, in primary lymphoid follicles, in the mantle zone of secondary follicles, in interfollicular areas and in splenic marginal zone areas. However, germinal centre lymphoid cells do not express the antigen recognized by antibody KB61. The antibody shows limited reactivity outside the lymphoid system, i.e. polymorphs, tissue macrophages endothelial cells in the hepatic sinusoids. Antibody KB61 discriminates between different types of B-cell malignancies, reacting with the neoplastic cells in hairy cell leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (of B cell type), prolymphocytic leukaemia and centrocytic lymphoma, but not with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, germinal centre-derived lymphomas (other than centrocytic), Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Antibody KB61 may be of value in the study of B-cell subpopulations and in the differential diagnosis of B-cell neoplasms. PMID- 3484722 TI - Six variants of HLA-B27 identified by isoelectric focusing. AB - Six variant forms of HLA-B27 were identified among 68 unrelated B27-positive donors by isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel analysis. Each of the six IEF variants was distinguished by charge heterogeneity of desialated B27 heavy chains immunoprecipitated with specific monoclonal antibody (MAb). Charge differences varied from single to several charge units, indicating that these variants may have substantially different amino acid compositions. Informative family study showed that three B27 variant molecules were genetically determined. The uniqueness of these variant molecules was also demonstrable using a panel of alloantisera and MAbs recognizing B27-associated epitopes. Six distinct serological reactivity patterns were observed. Five of these serological patterns correlated with four of the IEF-defined variants, two of these patterns being associated with one IEF variant form. The sixth serological pattern was shared by the remaining two IEF variants. Combining the results of the electrophoretic and serological analyses, it is apparent that there are more than six structural variants within the B27 alloantigen family. Some B27 variant forms were found only in individuals of particular racial origin, indicating that unique genetic variations might occur in different racial groups. In a preliminary analysis of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, no apparent correlation was observed between any specific B27 variants and disease susceptibility. PMID- 3484723 TI - Immunoselection of structural H-2Kb variants: use of cloned cytolytic T cells to select for loss of a CTL-defined allodeterminant. AB - Functional studies concerning the unique interaction between class I H-2 allodeterminants and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) antigen receptors have benefitted from the development of H-2Kb mutant mouse strains and somatic H-2 variants selected with monoclonal antibody. Here, we describe the development of a novel approach to immunoselection of somatic H-2Kb variants employing a Kb specific CTL clone as the negative selective agent. The rationale for this method is that the use of an alloreactive CTL clone as the selective agent should enable us to detect the emergence of structural Kb variants based on their loss of the relevant CTL-defined allodeterminant. Thus, these structural variants are well suited to an in-depth analysis of the functional relationship between H-2 antigens and receptor recognition by CTL. Using this approach, we successfully isolated two types of structural Kb variants, as well as numerous Kb-loss variants. The functional studies described in this paper indicate that these structural variants exhibit alterations in expression of both CTL-defined and serologically defined H-2Kb allodeterminants. The structural characterization of such variants should enable us to identify the precise amino acid residues responsible for the creation of the relevant CTL-defined Kb allodeterminants. PMID- 3484724 TI - Persistence of high diastolic blood pressure in thin children. The Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Relationships between initial anthropometric variables and subsequent diastolic blood pressure (fourth phase) were examined in children identified as being in the upper quintile for diastolic blood pressure at Year 1. Of 156 white children, aged 10 to 14 years, with diastolic blood pressure levels in the upper age-race sex-specific quintile at Year 1, 38% remained in the upper quintile at Year 4. However, there was a definite trend for leaner children, defined by ponderosity (weight/height3) to remain in the highest diastolic blood pressure quintile (p less than 0.001). Of white children originally identified in the highest quintile for diastolic blood pressure and the lowest quintile for ponderosity (lean group), 67% (18 of 27) remained in the upper quintile at Year 4. In contrast, only 21% (11 of 52) of white children identified as being in the highest quintile for both diastolic blood pressure and ponderosity (obese group) at Year 1 were in the upper diastolic blood pressure quintile at Year 4. Similar results were seen in children examined 5 years later. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses confirmed the negative relationship between initial ponderosity and subsequent diastolic blood pressure, especially in older children. A similar relationship was noted in black children. Potential differences in the etiological process of obesity-related and non-obesity-related high blood pressure were examined. These observations indicate that characteristics other than obesity can contribute to high blood pressure in late childhood. PMID- 3484725 TI - Influence of source and quantity of protein on the development of immunity and resistance to African trypanosomiasis. AB - Although it is well documented that severe protein deprivation inhibits the development of the immune response and exacerbates certain infections, little has been done to study the effects of native diets on endemic diseases or immunity. Therefore, protein-restricted diets were formulated for mice to mimic the sources and amounts measured in human diets of the Batouri region of Cameroon, endemic for African trypanosomiasis. Weanling C57BL/6 female mice were fed a diet that contained 73% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein. The sources of protein were all plant (cornmeal), all animal (casein), or a ratio that reflected the native diet (2.2 parts plant to 1 part animal protein). Diets were isocaloric on a weight basis, equal in lipids, and adequate in vitamins and minerals. Control mice were fed laboratory chow or two times the RDA of animal protein (casein). Mice fed only cornmeal or the native diets consumed as much food but did not gain as much weight as mice fed only animal protein, indicating the poorer quality of protein in their diets. Upon infection with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, however, significantly higher numbers of these mice controlled the first peak of parasitemia and survived the infection as compared with mice fed the other three diets. Since all mice developed patent infections and the parasite growth rate was unaffected by diet, innate immune factors were ruled out as the cause for the higher level of resistance to the parasite. To determine whether diet affected the development of the immune system, weanling mice were maintained on diets for 30 days before immunization with sheep erythrocytes or trinitrophenylated Ficoll. Mice fed only plant protein or native diets elicited higher direct plaque-forming-cell responses to both the T-cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Since variant-specific immunity which controls levels of African trypanosomes in the blood is a T-cell-independent humoral immunoglobulin M response, this suggests that cornmeal, a protein of poor quality, was adequate for the development of humoral immunity and resistance to African trypanosomiasis while casein, an animal protein of high quality, was not. This provides more evidence that diet plays an important role in infection and immunity. PMID- 3484727 TI - C1 activation, with C1q in excess of functional C1 in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Free Clq, in functionally active form was present in increased amounts in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of free Clq was associated with low concentrations of hemolytic C1, low C4 and raised amounts of C3dg/d fragments in the synovial fluid. The findings suggested intra-articular C1 activation with dissociation of C1 into free C1q and complexes containing C1r, C1s, and C1 inactivator. However, the immunochemical properties of synovial fluid C1r-C1s-C1 inactivator complexes appeared to differ from those of the complexes formed in serum, which hampered quantification with the assay used. Control patients with osteoarthritis or spondylarthritic syndromes did not show evidence of intra-articular complement activation, even though 1 patient with Reiter's disease had unexplained low concentrations of synovial fluid C4 and C3. The concentrations of circulating complement components were largely normal in the patients. Slightly increased concentrations of free C1q and C1r-C1s-C1 inactivator complexes in serum and C3dg/d fragments in EDTA plasma were observed, particularly in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3484726 TI - Localized gut-associated lymphoid tissue hemorrhage induced by intravenous peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers. AB - A hemorrhage into gut-associated lymphoid tissue developed as early as 3 min after the intravenous injection of group A streptococcal peptidoglycan polysaccharide polymers into rats. Extravasated erythrocytes were specifically located in the lamina propria and organized lymphoid follicles of the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes and did not occur in the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, or submandibular and popliteal lymph nodes, as determined by gross and histologic observations and measurement of radiolabeled erythrocytes. Petechial hemorrhage was preferentially located within the intestine to the distal ileum, Peyer's patches, and lymphoid aggregates of the colon. The hemorrhage was transient and occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. It was maximal 5 min after injection and resolved completely by 3 days. A unique feature of this altered vascular permeability was the absence of polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration, edema, vasculitis, and tissue necrosis. PMID- 3484728 TI - Autoantibodies of the IgM class against a human myeloma protein IgE(DES). I. Occurrence. AB - We report on the natural occurrence of human serum antibodies with specificity for a human monoclonal myeloma IgE(DES). These antibodies were of the IgM class, based on their susceptibility to reduction, sedimentation in sucrose gradients, gel filtration and inhibition of agglutination by anti-IgM antiserum. Autoantibody levels were studied in several groups of patients by particle counting immunoassay using latex particles to which purified monoclonal IgE(DES) was coupled. Only sera of patients suffering from parasitosis had significantly higher levels (p less than 0.0005) than those of healthy blood donors. Cord sera had very low levels, followed by an age-dependent increase during early infancy. There was no relation (p greater than 0.10) between serum IgE and IgM antibody level. On the other hand, significant relations between IgM anti-IgE(DES) levels and serum IgM (p less than 0.0005), serum IgA (p less than 0.001) and serum IgG (p less than 0.05) were observed suggesting that high levels were caused by or related to polyclonal activation of the immune system. PMID- 3484729 TI - Cyclosporin A-induced suppression of ongoing IgE antibody formation in the mouse. AB - Persistent anti-ovalbumin (OA) IgE antibody formation in the mouse was suppressed by oral administration of cyclosporin A (Cy A). Spontaneous anti-OA IgE antibody formation in vitro was also suppressed by Cy A added to the culture. Anti-OA IgG antibody responses in vivo and in vitro were less affected by Cy A. Cy A-induced immunosuppression was T cell-dependent since removal of T cells from the immune spleen cell suspension abolished the Cy A-induced suppression of antibody formation. Supplementing normal spleen T cells resulted in recovery of Cy A induced suppression of spontaneous antibody formation in vitro. Cy A-induced suppressor T cells carried both Lyt 1 and Lyt 2 surface markers. PMID- 3484731 TI - Induction of IgE antibody production to aerosolized ovalbumin in mice treated intratracheally with aluminum silicate. AB - Induction of IgE antibody production was studied in mice with aerosolized antigen exposure and intratracheal instillation of adjuvants. BALB/c mice were immunized intratracheally with 10 micrograms ovalbumin (OA) adsorbed with or without aluminum silicate as an adjuvant. A primary IgE antibody production was observed in mice immunized with OA plus adjuvant, but not with OA alone. In mice immunized with OA plus adjuvant, a secondary IgE antibody production was observed after a booster of OA aerosol exposure on day 28. Mice were instilled intratracheally with aluminum silicate or aluminum hydroxide (alum) and subsequently exposed to aerosolized OA for 30 min. Primary and secondary anti-OA IgE antibody productions were obtained in the groups instilled with the adjuvants. After the intratracheal instillation of alum, aluminum remained in the mice for a long period. These results suggest that the intratracheal instillation of adjuvants is effective in the induction of IgE antibody production by aerosolized antigen exposure. PMID- 3484732 TI - Studies of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. AB - Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay in biopsies from normal mucosa and squamous-cell cancers of the head and neck region in 26 patients. The plasma concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid and alfa1 antitrypsin were also determined. In all patients the tumours contained significantly higher concentrations of CRBP (median = 185 micrograms/g tissue protein; range: 27-1,017 micrograms/g) than normal mucosa (median = 14 micrograms/g tissue protein; range 6-97 micrograms/g). CRBP could not be detected in patient plasma. The tumor/normal mucosa CRBP concentration ratio showed a significant inverse correlation to a histopathological malignancy grade score evaluating the tumour-host relationship, suggesting that tumours with high CRBP relative to normal mucosa are biologically less aggressive. Tumour CRBP showed no correlation either to CRBP concentration in normal mucosa, or to plasma retinol or plasma retinol-binding protein concentration. CRBP concentration in normal mucosa, however, showed a significant correlation to plasma retinol-binding protein concentration. Most of the patients had low levels of plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein compared to matched controls. Whether this has any relationship to the development of the tumour, or whether the active inflammation induced by the cancer leads to a low plasma retinol concentration, is unknown. PMID- 3484730 TI - T cell subsets in idiopathic glomerulonephritis. AB - Determination of T lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibodies revealed a deficiency of suppressor cells and an elevated helper:suppressor T cell ratio in 7 patients with untreated idiopathic immune complex glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of immunoregulatory cell imbalance and their implications specifically in reference to idiopathic glomerulonephritis are discussed. PMID- 3484735 TI - Structured postoperative teaching and knowledge and compliance of patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - A convenience sample of two comparable groups of patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery was studied to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching guide used by nurses in educating the patient and his family about normal postoperative recovery. Preoperative health assessments were performed on 64 patients, and risk factors for heart disease were identified for each individual. One group was educated by an unstructured method; the other group received structured teaching with the use of a guide developed by nurses experienced in recovery after open heart surgery. Knowledge was assessed before instituting teaching and on discharge from the hospital. All patients were again assessed 6 weeks after discharge for postoperative health and compliance with their health risk factors identified earlier. An analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed that both groups had higher total knowledge scores after surgery. Most postoperative health behaviors (angina, smoking, hypertension, and diet) were comparable between groups. However, those patients who had structured postoperative teaching walked more blocks after surgery (mean = 15.61) than those patients who received routine teaching (mean = 7.00) (p less than 0.005), although these two groups were not equivalent before surgery. In addition, the patients who had structured teaching had higher total compliance scores (mean = 86.8) than those who had unstructured teaching (mean = 79.5) (p less than 0.05). Therefore although structured teaching may not have initially affected patient's knowledge, it may have had an impact on their compliance with postoperative health behaviors. PMID- 3484733 TI - Are there differences in the cell cycle of normal and malignant cells? An approach to the analysis of the clonal expansion of cells in malignant epithelial proliferations in situ. AB - The Williams-Bjerknes model for clonal expansion of transformed cells in epithelia was used to examine a series of related questions about the growth of in situ proliferations in epidermis. Bowens disease, actinic keratosis and lentigo maligna lesions were reconstructed on a three-dimensional basis, and all were found to behave differently: the evidence supported the proposal that the 'carcinogenic advantage' enjoyed by transformed cells was proliferative in nature, and indeed varied between the three lesions. We conclude that the clonal expansion of a single cell, with different proliferative carcinogenic advantage, can explain the three-dimensional appearances of these in situ proliferations; furthermore, the well-known 'multifocality' of in situ epidermal proliferations can also be explained by the clonal expansion of a single transformed cell. PMID- 3484734 TI - Melatonin-binding in the frog retina: autoradiographic and biochemical analysis. AB - Binding of melatonin was examined in the retina of Rana pipiens. When intact frog retinas were incubated with 3H-melatonin and processed for autoradiography, most of the radioactivity was localized to the melanosomes of the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid (RPE-choroid) and to the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Melanosome-enriched fractions of the RPE-choroid and membrane-enriched fractions of the neural retina demonstrated saturable melatonin binding when incubated with increasing melatonin concentration. Thin-layer chromatography showed that greater than 98% of the bound radioactivity was authentic melatonin. Scatchard analysis revealed a single population of binding sites with apparent Kd values of 6 X 10( 7) M for both the RPE-choroid and neural retina. When various indole analogs were tested for their ability to inhibit 3H-melatonin binding to the neural retina, both 5-methoxytryptophol and 6-chloromelatonin demonstrated complete displacement of melatonin binding. Endogenous retinal melatonin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. A twofold increase in melatonin levels was observed during the dark period with peak levels at 384.5 +/- 28.8 pgms melatonin/pair retinas. Melatonin levels persisted in constant darkness, but were suppressed in constant light. Our data suggest that in the frog, the sites of action of retinal melatonin are the melanosomes of the RPE-choroid and the outer plexiform layer of the neural retina. PMID- 3484736 TI - Von Willebrand factor levels do not predict or diagnose radiation pneumonitis. AB - In search for an index of endothelial injury that would provide an early diagnosis of radiation pneumonitis, we investigated the plasma levels of von Willebrand Factor (Factor VIII Related Antigen, FVIII:RAg) in 14 patients undergoing pulmonary irradiation. This study was based on observations indicating that damage to the endothelium-rich pulmonary parenchyma may produce alterations in the synthesis, storage or release of FVIII:RAg, detectable in plasma. There was no correlation between FVIII:RAg levels and radiation pneumonitis, radiation dose, volume of irradiated lung, tumor burden, or time-interval between exposure and sampling. The heterogeneity of the neoplasms and the inconstant effects of radiation in the tumor vasculature are among several variables that may explain this lack of correlation. The plasma levels of FVIII:RAg cannot be used to diagnose or predict radiation pneumonitis. PMID- 3484737 TI - Susceptibility of obligate anaerobes to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - Susceptibilities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were tested alone and in combination (1:20) against 94 isolants of obligate anaerobes from clinical specimens. Ninety percent of the isolants were inhibited by less than 0.25 microgram - less than 4.75 micrograms trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole/ml; 5.4 micrograms trimethoprim/ml and; 900 micrograms sulfamethoxazole/ml. We concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole would be effective in the treatment of infectious processes containing species of obligate anaerobes, including those resistant to the penicillin and cephalothin groups of antibiotics. PMID- 3484739 TI - Quantitative measurement of regional pulmonary blood flow with positron emission tomography. AB - We have measured regional pulmonary blood flow (PBF) in normal dogs with positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-labeled water (H2(15)O). The method is nondestructive, quantitative, and repeatable. To measure PBF, PET is used to measure both the initial and equilibrium distribution of lung activity after H2(15)O infusion. The data are then interpreted with a one-compartment mathematical model. Measurements of PBF in dogs with H2(15)O (PBF-water) were compared with PBF measured with 68Ga microspheres (PBF-MS), and a close correlation was observed: PBF-water = 0.82 PBF-MS + 25.4 (R = 0.97, n = 52). In another set of animals an important assumption of the method, namely that the tracer is fully extracted during a single pass through the lung, was demonstrated using a single-probe residue-detection technique. Computer simulations were performed to illustrate the sensitivity of the method to errors in the measured variables of tracer activity or tissue-blood partition coefficient. Results showed only small error magnification for the range of values observed in these studies. PMID- 3484738 TI - Oral and peripheral vestibular signs in a cat with squamous cell carcinoma. AB - A 13-year-old female, spayed cat had oral and vestibular signs resulting from a 3 cm mass extending from the tympanic membrane to the nasopharynx. Radiography revealed a soft-tissue density in the tympanic bulla. Cytologic examination and biopsy confirmed the presence of a squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma causes vestibular signs in the cat. In this cat, squamous cell carcinoma, involving the middle and inner ear, resulted in oral and vestibular signs. PMID- 3484740 TI - Role of the nucleoside transport function in the transport and salvage of purine nucleobases. AB - Genetic deficiencies in the nucleoside transport function markedly altered the abilities of cultured mutant S49 T lymphoblasts to transport, incorporate, and salvage exogenous hypoxanthine. The concentrations of exogenous hypoxanthine required to reverse azaserine toxicity and replenish azaserine-depleted nucleoside triphosphate pools in AE1 cells, a nucleoside transport-deficient clone, were about 10-fold higher than those required for wild type cells. In a similar fashion, guanine could reverse mycophenolic acid toxicity in wild type but not in AE1 cells. Surprisingly, a second nucleoside transport-deficient clone, 80-5D2, which had lost 80-90% of its ability to transport nucleosides, required lower hypoxanthine concentrations than the wild type parent to reverse these azaserine-mediated effects. The addition of submicromolar concentrations of either p-nitrobenzylthioinosine or dipyridamole, two potent inhibitors of nucleoside transport, to wild type cells mimicked the phenotype of the AE1 cells with respect to hypoxanthine. AE1 cells or p-nitrobenzylthioinosine-treated wild type cells could only transport hypoxanthine at 10-25% the rate of untreated wild type cells, whereas 80-5D2 cells could transport hypoxanthine more efficiently. Adenine transport was also diminished in AE1 and FURD-80-3-6 cells, but not to sufficiently low levels to interfere with their ability to salvage adenine to overcome azaserine toxicity. These studies on S49 cells altered in their nucleoside transport capacity provide powerful genetic evidence that purine nucleobases share a common transport function with nucleosides in these mammalian T lymphoblasts. PMID- 3484741 TI - A quantitative study of endothelial cell injury in aorto-coronary vein grafts. AB - Criteria indicating injury of endothelial cells (craters, protrusion, denudation) in saphenous veins for aorto-coronary bypass grafting have been examined and quantitated by use of light-(LM), scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specimens were fixed either by immersion or under pressure. It was shown that the conventional way of handling saphenous vein grafts prior to implantation results in serious damage of the endothelial lining. The factors responsible are presumed to be hypoxia, manual flushing and distension with isotonic saline for blood removal, control of leakage, and counteracting spasm of the graft. Even samples collected by a "no touch" technique and exposed to a short hypoxic interval sometimes revealed slight injury. PMID- 3484742 TI - Resting myosin cross-bridge configuration in frog muscle thick filaments. AB - Clear images of myosin filaments have been seen in shadowed freeze-fracture replicas of single fibers of relaxed frog semitendinosus muscles rapidly frozen using a dual propane jet freezing device. These images have been analyzed by optical diffraction and computer averaging and have been modelled to reveal details of the myosin head configuration on the right-handed, three-stranded helix of cross-bridges. Both the characteristic 430-A and 140-150-A repeats of the myosin cross-bridge array could be seen. The measured filament backbone diameter was 140-160 A, and the outer diameter of the cross-bridge array was 300 A. Evidence is presented that suggests that the observed images are consistent with a model in which both of the heads of one myosin molecule tilt in the same direction at an angle of approximately 50-70 degrees to the normal to the filament long axis and are slewed so that they lie alongside each other and their radially projected density lies along the three right-handed helical tracks. Any perturbation of the myosin heads away from their ideal lattice sites needed to account for x-ray reflections not predicted for a perfect helix must be essentially along the three helical tracks of cross-bridges. Little trace of the presence of non-myosin proteins could be seen. PMID- 3484743 TI - Growth requirements and characterization of rat cervical epithelial cells in culture. AB - The extended culture of rat cervical epithelial cells can be achieved in the absence of a fibroblast feeder layer by utilizing collagen gels and a complex growth medium. The medium contains a 1:1 mixture of RPMI-1640 and Ham's F12 supplemented with 7.5% porcine serum and epidermal growth factor, cholera toxin, transferrin, insulin, and hydrocortisone. Under these culture conditions the cells show rapid log-phase growth and high saturation densities while retaining the ultrastructural characteristics of immature squamous metaplastic cells of the rat uterine cervix even after extended passage. In a manner similar to epithelial cells from a variety of sources, rat cervical epithelial cells form hemicysts at confluence in vitro when cultured on impermeable substrates. The development of these methods for culturing cervical epithelial cells provides an experimental system for the study of factors important in regulating the growth and differentiation of metaplastic squamous epithelial cells. PMID- 3484744 TI - Model dependency and estimation reliability in measurement of cerebral oxygen utilization rate with oxygen-15 and dynamic positron emission tomography. AB - The use of oxygen-15 and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) for the measurement of CMRO was investigated in terms of the achievable accuracy of CMRO and its sensitivity to model configuration assumed in the estimation. Three models of different descriptions for the vascular radioactivity in tissue were examined by computer simulation. By simulating the tracer kinetics with one model and curve fitting them with another, it was found that the CMRO measurement was very sensitive to the model configuration used and it needed kinetic data of low noise level to determine the correct model to use. The approach of sensitivity functions and covariance matrices was used to examine the estimation reliability and error propagation of the model parameters. It was found that for all three model configurations examined the reliability of the CMRO estimate was dependent on the blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction in tissue (approximately 2% in tissues of high blood flow and normal extraction and 10% in tissues of low blood flow and low extraction fraction, in a study of 1 X 10(6) counts/brain slice in 3 min). The estimation reliability is drastically decreased if the total data collection time is reduced to 1 min but is not critically sensitive to the scan sampling interval used. Estimating blood flow or vascular volume simultaneously with CMRO will reduce the reliability of the CMRO estimate by approximately 50%. Propagation of parameter error from blood flow or vascular volume to CMRO is dependent on the model configuration as well as the scanning schedule and estimation procedure used. Results from the study provide useful information for improving the study procedure of CMRO measurements. The present study also illustrates a general representation of PET measurements and an approach that can be applied to other tracer techniques in PET for selecting appropriate model configurations and for designing proper experimental procedures. PMID- 3484746 TI - Cerebral metabolic rate of glucose and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3484745 TI - Correction of positron emission tomography data for cerebral atrophy. AB - Because positron emission tomography (PET) provides measurements per unit volume of intracranial contents, these measurements may be affected by the inclusion of metabolically inactive CSF spaces in the volume in which they are made. Thus, PET measurements of CBF and metabolism may be artifactually lowered in normal aging and dementia, which are both associated with significant brain atrophy. We describe a method to correct global PET data, averaged over several tomographic slices, for cerebral atrophy by using measurements of CSF space volume obtained with quantitative x-ray computed tomography. The importance of making such a correction is demonstrated using PET measurements of CBF and oxygen metabolism obtained in normal young, normal elderly, and demented subjects. PMID- 3484747 TI - Normal distribution of regional cerebral blood flow measured by dynamic single photon emission tomography. AB - Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured quantitatively using the inert-gas washout technique with xenon-133 and single-photon emission computed tomography. Tomographic data were reconstructed by filtered back projection, and flow was calculated according to the double-integral method. Ninety-seven subjects ranging in age from 20 to 59 years received a single examination; eight of these received a second examination within 1 h of the first; seven others received a second examination separated from the first by 1-10 days. Transverse-section images were obtained at 2, 6, and 10 cm above and parallel to the canthomeatal line (CML). Cortical gray matter flows were obtained from 12 brain regions in the slice 6 cm above the CML, and cerebellar and inferior cerebral gray matter flows were obtained from 4 regions in the slice 2 cm above the CML. Mean gray matter flow was 72 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g, with highest flows in the parietal lobes and visual cortex. No significant differences in rCBF occurred when a second study followed the first by 30 min to 10 days. Right-sided rCBF was slightly higher than left in all regions except frontal and parietal lobes where there was no difference. Flow was higher in women than in men and declined mildly with age for both sexes (slope = -0.33 ml/min/100 g/year; p less than 0.05). PMID- 3484748 TI - Vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. AB - There are conflicting data regarding the effects of vigorous physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Representative samples of adults aged 20-35 from four northern California cities were studied both cross sectionally and longitudinally in order to examine the relationships between vigorous PA and selected physiological risk factors. A self-report measure of habitual vigorous PA was validated by pulse rate. There were relationships, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses between self-reported vigorous PA and HDL/LDL ratio, especially for women. Relationships in cross-sectional analyses only were found between PA and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and alveolar carbon monoxide. The results of the present study generally tend to confirm investigations of other samples. PMID- 3484749 TI - Inherited susceptibility to autoimmune Addison's disease is linked to human leukocyte antigens-DR3 and/or DR4, except when associated with type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. AB - The inherited susceptibility to autoimmune Addison's disease was found to be strongly associated with human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DR3 and DR4 alleles. In a study of 45 white patients from the United States with the disease, the relative risks (the number of times that an individual is at risk for Addison's disease if they had a marker, compared to those without such marker) were found to be 6.0, 4.6, and 26.5 for the DR3 allele, the DR4 allele, and for DR3/DR4 heterozygotes, respectively. Frequencies of DR2, DR5, and DR7 in the patients with Addison's disease were significantly decreased in comparison to 265 individuals in the control population. These HLA-DR frequencies in patients with Addison's disease were similar to those for 723 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). However, the above HLA-DR associations persisted even when only data from the 37 patients with Addison's disease who did not have IDD were considered. Adrenocortical autoantibodies in 23 patients with IDD who did not have Addison's disease were equally frequent among those with DR4 and DR3 alleles. In contrast, HLA-DR frequencies in 17 patients with type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (chronic mucocutaneous moniliasis, hypoparathyroidism, Addison's disease, etc.) were not different from control. We conclude that genetic susceptibility to autoimmune Addison's disease may involve the same HLA-associated genetic determinants as IDD, except when Addison's disease occurs as part of type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. PMID- 3484750 TI - Quantitative analysis of the cellular constituents of the cerebrospinal fluid in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken from guinea pigs in various stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE). The leucocytes in CSF samples were counted and subjected to immunocytochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies selectively recognising guinea pig T cells, macrophages or Ia antigens. The results showed that total leucocyte numbers and the proportion of macrophages in CSF were elevated in the acute phase of CR-EAE but samples of CSF from animals in early relapse did not show a significant elevation in leucocyte count or macrophage content. In addition the level of T cell activation was higher in CSF than in peripheral blood during disease and was highest in the acute and immediately post-acute phases of the CR-EAE. PMID- 3484751 TI - Recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) promotes T cell line-mediated neuroautoimmune disease. AB - Autoimmunity is dependent on a delicate balance of cellular interactions preventing activation of autoaggressive T cells. Possible side effects of therapeutically injected recombinant interleukins on latent or overt autoimmune disease are uncertain. Using a T cell transfer model of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease, we investigated the in vivo effect of recombinant IL-2. We observed that recombinant IL-2 strongly promotes autoimmune disease. PMID- 3484752 TI - Implications for the role of cognate interactions in in vitro human B cell activation by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and pokeweed mitogen. AB - Human B cell-triggering mechanisms were investigated using the polyclonal activators Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). When the cultures of B cells, T cells, and monocytes were stimulated for 5 d by SAC or PWM, B cells could be activated by both mitogens to proliferate and secrete Ig. Even when T cells were substituted by T cell-derived soluble factors, SAC stimulated B cells could differentiate into Ig-secreting cells. In contrast, interactions of B and T cells for at least the first 6 h of culture were necessary for the B cell triggering by PWM. Experiments that allow a more precise delineation of the B cell-triggering mechanisms by PWM demonstrated that interactions of B cells with T4+ but not T8+ cells are required for the B cell triggering; anti-Ia or anti-T4 antibody can block this triggering; in contrast, anti-T3 or anti-T8 antibody do not exert any effects on the B cell triggering. However, all these monoclonal antibodies could not modulate the ability of B cells that had been already activated by PWM to respond to T cell-derived factors. These data suggest that SAC can directly activate B cells, while cognate interactions between Ia-like antigens on B cells and T4+ cells are essential for B cell triggering by PWM. Furthermore, once B cells are triggered, they will proliferate, differentiate, and secrete Ig in response to T cell-derived factors; Ia-like antigens or T cell differentiation antigens may not be involved in the processes in this cascade. PMID- 3484753 TI - Detection of colorectal carcinoma by emission-computerized tomography after injection of 123I-labeled Fab or F(ab')2 fragments from monoclonal anti carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies. AB - This clinical study was based on experimental results obtained in nude mice grafted with human colon carcinoma, showing that injected 131I-labeled F(ab')2 and Fab fragments from high affinity anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibodies (MAb) gave markedly higher ratios of tumor to normal tissue localization than intact MAb. 31 patients with known colorectal carcinoma, including 10 primary tumors, 13 local tumor recurrences, and 21 metastatic involvements, were injected with 123I-labeled F(ab')2 (n = 14) or Fab (n = 17) fragments from MAb anti-CEA. The patients were examined by emission-computerized tomography (ECT) at 6, 24, and sometimes 48 h after injection using a rotating dual head scintillation camera. All 23 primary tumors and local recurrences except one were clearly visualized on at least two sections of different tomographic planes. Interestingly, nine of these patients had almost normal circulating CEA levels, and three of the visualized tumors weighed only 3-5 g. Among 19 known metastatic tumor involvements, 14 were correctly localized by ECT. Two additional liver and several bone metastases were discovered by immunoscintigraphy. Altogether, 86% of the tumor sites were detected, 82% with F(ab')2 and 89% with Fab fragments. The contrast of the tumor images obtained with Fab fragments suggests that this improved method of immunoscintigraphy has the potential to detect early tumor recurrences and thus to increase the survival of patients. The results of this retrospective study, however, should be confirmed in a prospective study before this method can be recommended for the routine diagnosis of cancer. PMID- 3484755 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh. A potent inhibitor of human plasma factor XIa, kallikrein, and factor XIIf. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh is a human variant that resulted from a point mutation in the plasma protease inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin (358 Met----Arg). This defect in the alpha 1-antitrypsin molecule causes it to have greatly diminished anti-elastase activity but markedly increased antithrombin activity. In this report, we demonstrate that this variant protein also has greatly increased inhibitory activity towards the arginine-specific enzymes of the contact system of plasma proteolysis (Factor XIa, kallikrein, and Factor XIIf), in contrast to normal alpha 1-antitrypsin, which has modest to no inhibitory activity towards these enzymes. We determined the second-order-inactivation rate constant (k'') of purified, human Factor XIa by purified alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh and found it to be 5.1 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 (23 degrees C), which is a 7,700-fold increase over the k'' for Factor XIa by its major inhibitor, normal purified alpha 1-antitrypsin (i.e., 6.6 X 10(1) M-1 s-1). Human plasma kallikrein, which is poorly inhibited by alpha 1-antitrypsin (k'' = 4.2 M-1 s-1), exhibited a k'' for alpha 1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh of 8.9 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 (a 21,000-fold increase), making it a more efficient inhibitor than either of the naturally occurring major inhibitors of kallikrein (C-1-inhibitor and alpha 2 macroglobulin). Factor XIIf, which is not inhibited by normal alpha 1 antitrypsin, displayed a k'' for alpha 1-antitrypsin-Pittsburgh of 2.5 X 10(4) M 1 s-1. This enhanced inhibitory activity is similar to the effect of alpha 1 antitrypsin-Pittsburgh that has been reported for thrombin. In addition to its potential as an anticoagulant, this recently cloned protein may prove to be clinically valuable in the management of septic shock, hereditary angioedema, or other syndromes involving activation of the surface-mediated plasma proteolytic system. PMID- 3484758 TI - Longevity of restorations: survey results of dentists' estimates and attitudes. AB - A cross-sectional survey of 571 clinicians was conducted to obtain information about expected and observed restoration longevity. Clinicians believed that average large amalgam, small amalgam, and cast restorations lasted 6, 11, and 13 years, respectively. Patients were thought to be responsible for 47%, dentists for 30%, and materials used for 23% of restoration failures. The clinicians perceived the restorations that they placed to be more long-lasting than those placed by other clinicians. Clinical measurements of restoration longevity were shown to be influenced by the judgment criteria used by clinicians. PMID- 3484754 TI - Evaluation of "at risk" alpha 1-antitrypsin genotype SZ with synthetic oligonucleotide gene probes. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), a 52,000-mol-wt serum glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, functions as the major inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. The alpha 1AT haplotype S is associated with childhood liver disease and/or adult emphysema when inherited with the Z haplotype to give the phenotype SZ. To accurately identify the SZ phenotype at the level of genomic DNA, four 32P-labeled 19-mer synthetic oligonucleotide probes were prepared; two to identify the M and S difference in exon III, and two to identify the M and Z difference in exon V. These probes were hybridized with various cloned DNAs and genomic DNAs cut with the restriction endonucleases BgII and EcoRI; the genomic DNAs represented all six possible phenotype combinations of the M, S, and Z haplotypes (MM, MS, MZ, SS, ZZ, and SZ). Using the four probes to evaluate 42 samples of genomic DNA, the "at risk" SZ and ZZ phenotypes were correctly identified in all cases, as were the "not at risk" phenotypes SS, MS, MM, and MZ, demonstrating that both exon III and exon V directed probes are necessary to properly identify all of the major "at risk" alpha 1AT genes. However, when used to evaluate a very rare family carrying a null allele, these four oligonucleotide probes misidentified the "at risk" null-null and S null phenotypes as "not at risk" MM and SM combinations. These observations indicate that oligonucleotide gene probes yielded reliable and accurate assessment of "at risk" alpha 1AT genotypes in almost all situations, but in the context of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling this approach must be used with caution and in combination with family studies so as not to misidentify rare genotypes that may be associated with a risk for disease. PMID- 3484756 TI - Recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (Met 358----Arg) is a potent inhibitor of plasma kallikrein and activated factor XII fragment. AB - In normal plasma, the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) plays little or no role in the control of plasma kallikrein or activated Factor XII fragment (Factor XIIf), this function being performed by Cl-inhibitor. Recently, an alpha 1-AT variant was described with a Met----Arg mutation at the reactive center P1 residue (position 358) which altered the specificity of inhibition from the Met- or Val-specific protease neutrophil elastase to thrombin, an Arg-specific protease. We have now examined the inhibition of plasma kallikrein and Factor XIIf, both Arg-specific enzymes, with recombinant alpha 1 AT(Met358----Arg) produced by an Escherichia coli strain carrying a mutated human alpha 1-AT gene. The engineered protein was a very efficient inhibitor of both enzymes. It was more effective than Cl-inhibitor by a factor of 4.1 for kallikrein and 11.5 for Factor XIIf. These results suggest that recombinant alpha 1-AT(Met358----Arg) has therapeutic potential for disease states where activation of the plasma kinin-forming system is observed, for example in hereditary angioedema or septic shock. PMID- 3484760 TI - Immunologic studies in homosexual and hemophiliac subjects with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: a comparative analysis. AB - Hemophiliac patients receiving factor VIII replacement therapy and homosexual subjects are at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Immunologic abnormalities, especially depletion of helper T cell populations, have been noted in members of these groups and may parallel their clinical state. We have evaluated the peripheral blood immunologic status of a group of hemophiliac and homosexual subjects with and without persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). Although individuals with PGL had more abnormal T-lymphocyte parameters, including lower helper/suppressor ratios, than group members without lymphadenopathy, there were no significant differences noted within each respective risk group. However, differences between hemophiliac and homosexual patient groups were noted. T-lymphocyte subpopulations of hemophiliac patients with lymphadenopathy were significantly more abnormal than the corresponding homosexual groups. All groups had decreased lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen. Homosexual subjects with lymphadenopathy exhibited the most profoundly depressed lymphocyte mitogenic responses. We conclude that, although abnormalities of T-lymphocyte subpopulation and lymphocyte mitogenic responses exist within each risk group, homosexual subjects (both asymptomatic and with PGL) had lower mitogenic responses than would be expected for their T-lymphocyte helper/suppressor ratios as compared to either control subjects or hemophiliac patients. These findings suggest that additional factors are operative in the mononuclear cell populations of homosexual subjects that depress lymphocyte function. An analysis of these factors may help explain the higher incidence of AIDS in homosexual subjects as compared to hemophiliac patients. PMID- 3484757 TI - Cavitation of a mediastinal mass following chemotherapy for histiocytosis-X: CT demonstration. AB - A recurrent mediastinal mass, believed to be thymus, in an infant with classic idiopathic histiocytosis-X underwent massive cavitation following chemotherapy. Both the mass and cavitation resolved. The exact nature of development of air inside the mass is not known but communication with the airways or airspaces of the lungs is suspected. PMID- 3484759 TI - Coronary artery venous bypass graft aneurysm with symptomatic coronary artery emboli. AB - A 53 year old man, asymptomatic for 9 years after aorto-right coronary artery venous bypass surgery, developed two prolonged episodes of myocardial ischemia during a 7 month interval. Diagnostic exercise tests subsequent to each episode were normal. Coronary angiography demonstrated marked dilation with filling defects of the venous bypass graft. A large thrombus-filled venous bypass graft aneurysm was excised at surgery. Spontaneous coronary artery embolization related to a venous bypass graft aneurysm has not been described previously, but may become more frequent as survival and follow-up after coronary bypass surgery lengthen. PMID- 3484761 TI - The metabolism of C1 inhibitor and C1q in patients with acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency. AB - The metabolism of 125I-labeled C1 inhibitor (C1INH) and C1q was studied in five patients with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, C1INH deficiency, and angioedema. C1INH catabolism was markedly accelerated in these patients. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was 0.053 of the plasma pool per hour compared to that of normal subjects (0.025) or patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) (0.035). The catabolism of two dysfunctional proteins Wel and Ta was studied. Protein Wel was catabolized at an accelerated rate (0.041) compared to that in patients with HANE (0.029) or in normal subjects (0.020). In contrast, the FCR of protein Ta was 0.012, which is similar to that in normal patients and in patients with HANE. The extravascular to plasma ratio (E/P) of the normal C1INH in patients was 1.55 compared to 0.60 in normal patients. This is consistent with the rapid extravascular sequestration of the C1INH. The synthesis rate of the C1INH was 0.29 mg/kg/hr in patients that is similar to that in control subjects. The metabolism of C1q was studied in two normal control subjects and three patients. The FCR of C1q was 0.051 in patients compared to 0.023 in control subjects. The E/P was increased in patients (2.8) compared to E/P in control subjects (0.6). The acquisition of C1INH deficiency results from increased consumption of C1INH in vivo. PMID- 3484762 TI - Cow's milk allergy in breast-fed infants: the role of allergen and maternal secretory IgA antibody. AB - The protective effect of breast-feeding in allergy prophylaxis remains controversial despite many epidemiologic studies. One reason for confusion could be heterogeneity of breast milk with regard to its protective capacity. To clarify this issue, we studied 57 mother-infant pairs where breast-feeding was the sole source of infant nutrition. Family history and infant symptom scores suggestive of allergic disease were noted. The presence and quantity in breast milk of a prominent food allergen (beta-lactoglobulin), total IgA, and IgA antibodies to whole cow's milk and casein were measured serially. Eleven infants had symptom scores highly suggestive of allergic disease. The breast milk from mothers of these 11 infants was found to have lower total IgA (p less than 0.01) and IgA antibodies to both whole cow's milk and casein (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005, respectively) than milk from mothers whose infants had few or no symptoms. Beta-lactoglobulin was detectable in 45% of breast-milk specimens at concentrations up to 6.4 ng/ml and persisted up to 3 days after maternal dietary milk exclusion but was unrelated to antibody levels or symptom scores. Inadequate quantities of maternal IgA antibodies to food allergens appear to play a permissive role in development of infantile allergic disease in breast-fed infants and are more closely associated with symptoms than parental atopic history. PMID- 3484763 TI - Down regulation of IL 2 mRNA by antibody to the 50-kd protein associated with E receptors on human T lymphocyte. AB - Recent studies have shown that antibodies to certain epitopes on the 50-kd molecule associated with sheep erythrocyte receptors on human T cells can suppress T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL 2) elaboration. We used a human IL 2 cDNA clone to investigate the effect of antibody 9.6 and cyclosporin A (CsA) on the regulation of IL 2 mRNA levels in the cloned human leukemic T cell line Jurkat, J32. Maximal levels of IL 2 mRNA were reached 6 hr after induction of Jurkat cells with a combination of mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol ester (TPA). Antibody 9.6, added during the first 4 hr after lymphocyte stimulation, markedly inhibited IL 2 mRNA accumulation induced by low but synergistic combination of PHA (5 micrograms/ml) and TPA (1.0 ng/ml). The inhibition by 9.6 was not demonstrable as the concentration of PHA or TPA was increased. In contrast, the ability of CsA to suppress IL 2 mRNA accumulation appeared to be independent of PHA or TPA concentration and was minimal if CsA was added 4 hr after stimulation. IL 2 mRNA could be superinduced several folds by addition of cycloheximide 3 hr after induction of J32 with mitogens. Antibody 9.6 did not prevent IL 2 mRNA superinduction induced by cycloheximide, whereas CsA, as well as transcription inhibitor DRB, completely blocked this phenomenon. These findings indicate that signals induced by antibody 9.6 regulate IL 2 production at a pre-translational level, are operative for an extended period of time overlapping with the early phase of IL 2 mRNA accumulation, suppress IL 2 gene expression induced by PHA as well as TPA, and that antibody 9.6 and CsA exert their inhibitory effect by distinct mechanism(s). PMID- 3484764 TI - Production of anti-thyroglobulin antibody by blood lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, induced by the insolubilized autoantigen. AB - Mononuclear cells (MNC) from the blood of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis cannot be stimulated in vitro with the autoantigen thyroglobulin (Tg). However, when Tg was coupled with a solid matrix, MNC from 13 of 19 patients tested responded to this insolubilized Tg (i-Tg) by generating cells which produced IgG anti-Tg antibodies, as demonstrated in a "spot ELISA". This response was specific not only in the assay phase but also in the induction phase, because 1) cultures with insolubilized ovalbumin, bovine Tg, or porcine Tg were negative, and 2) i-Tg did not induce polyclonal IgG production. Generation of anti-Tg-producing cells was completely abrogated when free Tg was added to i-Tg cultures. Stimulation with i-Tg after separation of T and non-T MNC revealed that: 1) the response was independent of T cells; 2) in three of the six patients whose MNC did not respond, removal of T cells did result in anti-Tg production; 3) re-addition of the T cells--but not of irradiated T cells--abrogated the response in two of these three patients; and 4) preincubation of monocytes with i-Tg resulted in suboptimal anti-Tg production. These findings indicate that B cells from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis can be specifically stimulated with Tg coupled with a solid matrix, resulting in generation of anti-Tg-producing cells. The essence of this mode of presenting the antigen would appear to be the cross-linkage of surface immunoglobulin. The response was T cell-independent; in some patients, however, the presence of a radiosensitive suppressor T cell population can be demonstrated. PMID- 3484765 TI - Expression of idiotype on the surface of human B cells producing anti-DNA antibody. AB - We analyzed the idiotype (Id) expression on the surface of human anti-DNA antibody-producing cells. Murine monoclonal anti-Id antibodies with a specificity for determinants associated with the antigen-binding sites of human monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies were prepared. One anti-Id antibody reacted only with surface Id on anti-ssDNA-producing cells, but not with those on anti-dsDNA producing B cell clones. Another anti-Id antibody did bind the surface Id on anti dsDNA clones, but not those on anti-ssDNA clones. The interaction between anti-Id and surface Id was inhibited by pretreatment of the clones with DNA or appropriate polynucleotide antigens, or by preabsorption of anti-Id antibodies with free anti-DNA antibodies. Surface IgM and IgD expressed the same Id as the antibody secreted from the clones. The treatment of Id-positive clones by anti-Id antibody induced the redistribution of surface Id on the cells, indicating that these cells serve as targets for the regulatory action of anti-Id antibody. PMID- 3484766 TI - Cellular basis of in vitro anti-DNA antibody production: evidence for T cell dependence of IgG-class anti-DNA antibody synthesis in the (NZB X NZW)F1 hybrid. AB - An in vitro system was designed to measure anti-DNA antibody synthesis, and the cellular basis of this autoantibody production in NZB X NZW (B/W)F1 (B/W F1) mice was analyzed. The spleen cells from old B/W F1 mice contained a number of B cells that spontaneously produced anti-DNA antibodies of both IgM and IgG classes in the absence of stimulants, thereby demonstrating that these B cells had been activated in vivo. These activated B cells could be removed by Sephadex G-10 column (G-10) filtration. Such G-10-passed, homogeneously small B cells were activated by the stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and produced both IgM and IgG class anti-DNA antibodies. The G-10-passed cells contained both B and T cells, and the cytotoxic treatment of the cells with monoclonal antibodies to T cells, anti-Thy-1 and anti-L3T4, abolished the LPS-induced IgG class, but not IgM class, anti-DNA antibody syntheses. Thus, the LPS-induced production of IgG class anti DNA antibodies in B/W F1 mice is regulated by T cells. Reconstitution experiments revealed the requirement of T-B cell contact but not of the proliferative response of T cells. Moreover, there was no apparent adherent cell requirement. Such IgG class anti-DNA antibodies were produced only by spleen cells from old B/W F1 mice, but not from young B/W F1, NZB, NZW, and C57BL/6 mice. Like IgM class anti-DNA antibodies, LPS-induced synthesis of polyclonal IgM was T cell independent. Only a slight reduction in the polyclonal IgG synthesis was observed after the G-10-passed cells had been treated with anti-Thy-1 antibody plus complement. This study should facilitate investigation of cell to cell interactions in the formation of autoantibodies and their correlations to immunologic abnormalities in autoimmune disease. PMID- 3484767 TI - Interleukin 1 activates phospholipase A2 in rabbit chondrocytes: a possible signal for IL 1 action. AB - We examined the effects of Interleukin 1 (IL 1) on rabbit articular chondrocytes with particular emphasis on arachidonic acid metabolism in these cells. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from the knee joints of normal New Zealand white rabbits and were cultured in vitro until confluent. Addition of 5 U/ml of purified IL 1 to chondrocytes led to an early increase in cell-associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2; measured by hydrolysis of [14C]arachidonic acid-labeled E. coli). Within 1 hr after IL 1 addition, cell-associated PLA2 activity was increased by more than threefold relative to basal PLA2 activity, and further increases in cellular enzyme activity were observed up to 48 hr of IL 1 treatment. IL 1 stimulation also led to a time- and dose-related release of extracellular PLA2 and PGE2, but IL 1-induced PLA2 and PGE2 secretion occurred after the initial burst of intracellular PLA2 activity. Similar PLA2 and PGE2 responses were also observed when purified human IL 1 or IL 1-containing conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated human monocytes were used, but recombinant IL 2 or IL 3 were inactive. IL 1-induced chondrocyte PLA2 did not release radiolabeled free fatty acid from phosphatidylethanolamine labeled at the C-1 position with [14C]stearic acid, confirming the identity of this enzyme as PLA2. These data, therefore, provide the first direct evidence that IL 1 activates cellular PLA2, and we propose that PLA2 activation may be an early signal that initiates the inflammatory actions of IL 1. PMID- 3484768 TI - Mechanisms of self-cure from Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice. AB - The mechanism(s) of resistance to African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma congolense was investigated by using the Dinderesso/80/CRTA/3 isolate to which C57B1/6 are resistant (low parasitemia and self-cure) and BALB/c sensitive (high parasitemia and death). The resistance of C57B1/6 is similar to that found in some natural hosts of African trypanosomes such as certain indigenous West African cattle and wild Bovidae. The antibody response to epitopes exposed on the variant surface glycoprotein of a clone obtained from the Dinderesso/80/CRTA/3 isolate was measured by a complement-mediated lysis assay in C57B1/6 and BALB/c. After infections with 10(4), 10(5), or 10(7) motile organisms, antibody appeared in C57B1/6 4 to 8 days earlier than in BALB/c. Peak antibody titers were similar in both strains but were reached about 4 days earlier in C57B1/6. In this strain, antibody appeared during and controlled the first wave of parasitemia, whereas in BALB/c, parasitemia reached a plateau above 10(8) organisms per ml before antibody could be detected, and at this time the animals were dying. At peak antibody response, the proportion of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibody was the same in both strains. The antibody response had the same kinetics in C57B1/6 and BALB/c after injection of 10(4), 10(5), and 10(7) lethally irradiated but intact parasites, but the peak titers were 10(3) to 10(4) times lower than after live challenge. The response to nonirradiated trypanosomes appeared to be T cell independent, because the antibody titers were the same in congenitally athymic nu/nu and normal C57B1/6, and no evidence for the induction of T cell activity could be demonstrated in the infected nude mice. A role for trypanolytic serum factors in resistance could not be demonstrated. The extent of immunosuppression after infection with nonirradiated organisms was compared in the two strains by measuring the in vitro response of their splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and allogeneic cells and their ability to mount an in vivo response to an unrelated trypanosome challenge. Both strains were partially immunosuppressed during rising parasitemia, but as C57B1/6 controlled parasitemia, immunosuppression was gradually reversed, whereas in BALB/c it became worse. Several explanations might account for the resistance of C57B1/6 to the Dinderesso/80/CRTA/3 isolate of T. congolense. It appears that an early immune response is a decisive factor in this resistance. PMID- 3484769 TI - Induction of lymphokine activated killer cells in serum-free medium. AB - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells may play a role in immunosurveillance against spontaneous neoplasms. To date, LAK cells have been grown in medium supplemented with human serum (HS). Formulation of a defined medium that supports LAK cell generation would be useful to delineate the mechanisms that regulate LAK cell induction. When compared to HS medium, optimal induction of LAK cells required medium containing transferrin, insulin, bovine serum albumin, fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic), pyruvate and indomethacin. In addition, when 5% autologous monocytes were added to PBMC cultured in serum-free medium without indomethacin, marked suppression of LAK cell induction occurred. Addition of indomethacin abrogated suppression and resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity compared to non-adherent PBMC cultured in HS medium. PMID- 3484770 TI - A microcomputer program for probit analysis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) titration data. AB - IL-2 activity is commonly estimated in cell culture supernatants by an IL-2 dependent cell proliferation assay. This method is both reproducible and sensitive. However, it often appears from the literature that statistical analysis of the titration data either is disregarded or, when performed, is based on statistically incorrect assumptions. The proposed method is based on the principle of biological assay by parallel lines as applied to probit analysis of quantitative responses. The procedure has been embodied in a simple and interactive computer program which automatically estimates the IL-2 concentration in the biological sample, in terms of U/ml, and provides its standard error and confidence limits. This program is also suitable for quantitative determination of other biologically active substances that show a sigmoid dose/response relationship. PMID- 3484771 TI - Susceptibility of phenotypic variants of Haemophilus influenzae type b to serum bactericidal activity: relation to surface lipopolysaccharide. AB - After three serial passages of Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Fuju in rats, we recovered a variant, which differed in colonial morphology, serum sensitivity, and lipopolysaccharide configuration from the parent strain. The parent organism (Fuju) appeared iridescent and transparent on Levinthal agar, and the rat passaged variant (rat3 Fuju) appeared iridescent and opaque. The transparent, parent strain Fuju was sensitive to the complement-mediated bactericidal activity of normal rat serum, and the opaque, rat-passaged strain rat3 Fuju was serum resistant. Serum killing of the serum-sensitive strain appeared to be mediated by the classic complement pathway. Both serum-resistant and serum-sensitive strains were killed equally well by immune rat and human serum. These two strains did not differ in the amount of capsular polysaccharide that they elaborated nor in their major outer membrane protein patterns on SDS-PAGE. Lipopolysaccharide isolated from these two strains demonstrated different electrophoretic mobility patterns. Furthermore, the organisms showed different reactivities with two monoclonal antibodies directed against determinants of Hib lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the difference in susceptibility to complement-mediated bactericidal activity of normal rat serum displayed by these two strains is associated with their phenotypes, appears to be unrelated to differences in major outer membrane proteins or in the amounts of capsular polysaccharide elaborated, and is associated with differences in surface lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 3484772 TI - Inhibition of attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by human milk and receptor oligosaccharides. AB - Human milk inhibited the attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to human pharyngeal or buccal epithelial cells. Infant formulas and cow and buffalo milk showed a lower inhibitory activity against pneumococci and enhanced the adhesion of H. influenzae. The antiadhesive effect against S. pneumoniae was found in both the high- and the low-molecular-weight fractions of milk. The inhibitory activity in the high-molecular-weight fraction was independent of specific antibody content; it was present after immunoadsorption and in the milk from IgA-deficient women. The inhibitory activity in the low molecular-weight fraction was in part explained by the content of oligosaccharides corresponding to the carbohydrate moieties of the neolactoseries of glycolipids, which have previously been shown to act as receptors for attaching pneumococci. The antiadhesive activity against H. influenzae was restricted to the high-molecular-weight fraction of the milk and was unaffected by immunoadsorption. Milk may protect against otitis by reducing colonization. PMID- 3484774 TI - Vaccinia virus growth factor: a surprising catch. PMID- 3484773 TI - Randomized study of single-dose, three-day, and seven-day treatment of cystitis in women. AB - We evaluated the following five treatment regimens for acute cystitis in nonpregnant women: cefadroxil, 1,000 mg single-dose; cefadroxil, 500 mg twice a day for three days; cefadroxil, 500 mg twice a day for seven days; trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), 320-1,600 mg single-dose, and TMP-SMZ, 160-800 mg twice a day for three days. At four weeks after the end of treatment, 25%, 58%, 70%, 65%, and 88% of patients, respectively, remained cured of infection. The results indicated that three-day treatment (1) might improve cure rates (over single-dose), (2) would reduce incidence of relapse (vs. single-dose), and (3) may be as curative as seven-day treatment. The results of the antibody-coated bacteria test did not predict treatment failure or relapse. PMID- 3484775 TI - Human monocyte production of interleukin-1: parameters of the induction of interleukin-1 secretion by lipopolysaccharides. AB - The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an activator of human monocyte interleukin-1 (IL-1) synthesis and secretion has been examined in this study. The results demonstrate that when blood monocytes are prepared under low endotoxin conditions, they do not spontaneously secrete IL-1 activity. When cells are exposed to LPS extracted from different bacterial species, there is variation seen in the potency, with LPS from Salmonella species being the most potent in inducing IL-1 activity from human monocytes. This material is tenfold more potent than LPS obtained from three different strains of Escherichia coli and 10,000 fold more potent than material obtained from two other bacterial species. Detoxified endotoxins are inefficient activators for IL-1 secretion. When monocytes are exposed to LPS, there is a rapid rise in the level of IL-1 activity detected. Activity can be detected in cell lysates after 1 hr with appreciable accumulation seen over the first 6 hr of culture. This is accompanied by IL-1 release into the surrounding medium after 2 hr of culture with subsequent accumulation. Monocyte synthesis of IL-1 activity appears to be sensitive to fg/ml levels of Salmonella minnesota LPS, while appreciable secretion of this activity by monocytes requires pg/ml levels. PMID- 3484776 TI - Decreased expression of class II major histocompatibility antigens on monocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Expression of class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens by peripheral blood monocytes from 12 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were studied employing antiserum and complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Overall, the expression of class II MHC antigens was significantly decreased on HD monocytes (cytotoxicity index [C.I.] = 60.2 +/- 5.8% vs 77.6 +/- 2.8%, P less than .02). This decrease was most marked in patients with more severe disease. In fact, mean alloantigen expression for patients with advanced stages of disease was 58% of that observed in controls. The number of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-DR antigenic sites per cell was also reduced as determined by monoclonal anti-DR antibody and FACS analysis. There was 38% more HLA-DR per cell in normal controls than in moderately advanced Hodgkin's patients. Class II MHC antigen expression on HD monocytes were increased partially by an IFN-gamma containing concanavalin A-stimulated human mononuclear cell culture supernatants (Con A sup), although remaining subnormal. When monocytes were cultured with Con A sup and indomethacin, alloantigen expression was increased in HD and control monocytes, but indomethacin failed to normalize class II MHC antigen expression on HD monocytes (C.I. = 72.3 +/- 4.7% vs 90.2 +/- 1.8%, P less than .01). We conclude that PGE accounts only inpart for the decreased alloantigen expression by HD monocytes. Interleukin (IL) 1 production by patients' monocytes was not reduced as compared to normals and therefore does not contribute to the decreased MHC II antigen expression. Decreases in alloantigen expression may be an important determinant of the T cell-mediated immune abnormalities in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 3484779 TI - Documentation of family health history in the outpatient medical record. AB - In a university-based family practice residency program, patients' computerized medical records were audited to determine how information about family health history was recorded. Family history items were listed on the problem lists for only 4.4 percent of all active patients and for only 2.7 percent of a systematic sample of 375 patients. A manual audit of 75 charts randomly selected from the systematic sample showed that the problem lists contained only 5.8 percent of the family history items reported by patients. Children's problem lists contained fewer family history items than did those of adults. PMID- 3484777 TI - Intrathymic presentation of circulating non-MHC antigens by medullary dendritic cells. An antigen-dependent microenvironment for T cell differentiation. AB - We present evidence for intrathymic presentation of soluble circulating antigens in vivo. Our results show that proteins of different molecular weight enter the mouse thymus rapidly after i.v. injection. The intrathymic presence of antigen was assayed by proliferation of cloned antigen-specific T helper cells, which were cocultured with purified thymic stromal cells; stromal cells were isolated and purified as lymphostromal cell complexes, which preexist in vivo. Antigen presentation copurified with non-adherent medullary dendritic cells (DC) (interdigitating cells). I-A- cortical macrophages forming thymocyte rosettes in vivo and I-A+ cortical epithelial cells forming thymic nurse cells (TNC) in vivo did not act as antigen presenting cells (APC) after antigen pulsing in vivo or in vitro. Thymic APC turn over physiologically and are rapidly replaced (within 2-5 wk) after lethal irradiation by donor bone marrow-derived cells. The frequency of thymocyte-DC interactions in vivo strictly correlates with thymic T cell differentiation, and is independent of the immune status of the animal. Fetal thymic APC seem to be secluded from antigen in the maternal circulation. Thymic DC-ROS probably represent the microenvironment where maturing T cells first encounter non-MHC antigens in the context of self-MHC antigens. PMID- 3484778 TI - Oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines induce and prime for oligoclonal IgG antibody responses to the Haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide in human infants. AB - The diversity of the IgG antibody induced by immunization of human infants and children with conjugate vaccines, composed of oligosaccharides prepared from the Haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide (CP) and covalently linked to diphtheria toxoids, was studied by analytical IEF. The antibody response was similar, in the degree of restriction, to that observed in the antibody response of older children to immunization with the CP alone. The booster responses induced by reimmunization with conjugate vaccines were accompanied by increases predominantly in the IgG antibody clonotypes expressed after the priming dose of vaccine. After a series of conjugate immunizations, immunization with isolated CP boosted the antibody titer and increased expression from all the clonotypes that were expressed after conjugate immunization. These findings suggest that the conjugate vaccines are acting on a limited number of human B cell clones that are preferentially restimulated after reimmunization. Little evidence of antigen specific B cell recruitment was found. In addition, the ability of isolated CP immunization to restimulate the same B cell clone indicates that the responding B cell has matured and suggests a linear rather than a dual developmental pathway for the B cell participating in this human antibody response. PMID- 3484780 TI - Clinicopathologic aspects of E rosette negative T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. AB - The Pediatric Oncology Group has studied 1,367 patients with non-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) of whom 186 (14%) had blasts that reacted with previously well-characterized heteroantisera, recognizing a T-lymphocyte specific surface membrane antigen (PT+). In 87 of these T cell cases, the leukemic cells failed to form at least 20% of sheep erythrocytic rosettes at 4 degrees C. Comparison of clinicopathologic features among PT-, E-PT+, and E+ groups of patients revealed significant differences among them. E-PT+ patients were older than PT- patients, had higher white blood cell counts (WBCs) and were more likely to have a mediastinal mass, and thus contained a higher proportion of poor-risk patients. However, the E-PT+ patients were also significantly different from the more traditionally-defined E+ patients in that they had lower WBCs and hemoglobin levels, and less frequent lymphadenopathy or mediastinal mass. In many respects, then, E-PT+ patients were intermediate in character between PT- and E+ patients. Our findings support the notion that further subclassification of ALL using antibodies recognizing lineage-specific surface determinants will permit recognition of groups of patients with distinct clinicopathologic features that may differ in prognosis or response to therapy. Such classification also focuses future biological studies on the pathogenesis of leukemias to immunologically well-defined subgroups of lymphoid neoplasms. PMID- 3484781 TI - Antigenuria after Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccination. PMID- 3484782 TI - Diagnostic value of testicular biopsy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3484783 TI - Modification of the adult Blakemore tube for use in children with bleeding esophageal varices. AB - A modification of the adult-sized Blakemore tube is described for emergency use in children with bleeding esophageal varices. Inexpensive, readily available, heat-labile tubing was used to adapt the esophageal balloon for use in small children, keeping possible complications at a minimum. PMID- 3484784 TI - Coexistant gastric duplication and accessory pancreas: clinical manifestations, embryogenesis, and treatment. AB - Combined gastric and pancreatic duplications are uncommon. Although patients usually present with symptoms of intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding may occur if the duplication ulcerates and erodes into a neighboring hollow viscus. An upper GI series and barium enema are helpful in making a diagnosis. Combined duplications probably are produced during embryologic development by traction along a neuroenteric band between the stomach and pancreas. Simple surgical excision is the treatment of choice. PMID- 3484785 TI - Association between signs of trauma from occlusion and periodontitis. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between signs of trauma from occlusion, severity of periodontitis and radiographic record of bone support. The maxillary first molars of 300 individuals were independently evaluated by two examiners for signs of trauma from occlusion, pattern or occlusal contacts and severity of periodontitis. Each site was also evaluated radiographically by an independent third examiner. The results indicated that: teeth with either bidigital mobility, functional mobility, a widened periodontal ligament space or the presence of radiographically visible calculus had a deeper probing depth, more loss of clinical attachment and less radiographic osseous support than teeth without these findings, teeth with occlusal contacts in centric relation, working, nonworking or protrusive positions did not exhibit any greater severity of periodontitis than teeth without these contacts, teeth with both functional mobility and radiographically widened periodontal ligament space had deeper probing depth, more clinical attachment loss and less radiographic osseous support than teeth without these findings and given equal clinical attachment levels, teeth with evidence of functional mobility and a widened periodontal ligament space had less radiographic osseous support than teeth without these findings. PMID- 3484786 TI - Iron deficiency anaemia, gastritis and antral vascular malformation. PMID- 3484787 TI - Two distinct stages of B-cell defects in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 3484789 TI - Bilateral solid renal masses in a young man. AB - Bilateral solid renal masses presenting in a young patient in the absence of systemic manifestations or genetic abnormalities, such as Von Hippel-Lindau's disease, are difficult diagnostic challenges. Primary renal lymphomas are exceedingly rare. More commonly, renal involvements are caused by lymphoma in the retroperitoneal area. It is important for a urologist to be aware of this diagnostic possibility, since unnecessary removal of a kidney and extensive surgery may be avoided, and because appropriate staging can be performed at exploration. PMID- 3484788 TI - T-cell-deficient mice display normal recovery from experimental rotavirus infection. AB - Rotaviruses are common causes of diarrhea in animals and humans. Little is known, however, about the components of the host response to these viruses. Rotavirus infection was studied in athymic mice experimentally infected with murine rotavirus. Neonatal T-cell-deficient mice experienced a self-limited gastrointestinal infection which was identical to that observed in age-matched immunocompetent mice. Adult T-cell-deficient seronegative mice and age-matched normal mice showed a similar extent of resistance to symptomatic rotavirus infection. In both cases, the infection was resolved without the generation of antirotavirus antibody. These studies indicate that host defense against murine rotavirus requires neither functional T-lymphocytes nor specific antiviral antibody. PMID- 3484790 TI - Cerebral blood flow measured by xenon-enhanced computed tomography as a guide to management of patients with cerebrovascular disease. AB - CT scanning performed before and sequentially during the inhalation of stable xenon (32%), coupled with end-tidal xenon measurements, has made possible the routine construction of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) maps with resolution that approximates that of the CT scanner. The capability of obtaining quantitative flow maps with direct anatomic correlation is now available with a commercial package of hardware and software adapted to the General Electric 9800 scanner. The ability to distinguish between normal and reduced rCBF in specific vascular territories has proved useful in the management of cerebrovascular disease. Specific clinical dilemmas that have been addressed with rCBF information from xenon-enhanced CT scanning include the following: In the patient with asymptomatic occlusive disease, is normal rCBF preserved? Is there adequate collateral flow? Are cerebrovascular symptoms a result of emboli or chronic regional low flow? In the patient with complex multivessel occlusive disease, which revascularization procedure is indicated first? Did operation improve rCBF? Should a further procedure be added? May a diffusely diseased but patent artery, which is the source of emboli, be sacrificed safely without compromising rCBF? On the basis of experience with 155 patients, the management and understanding of cerebrovascular disease has been aided substantially by the incorporation of rCBF mapping by xenon-enhanced CT scan in the evaluation of these patients. PMID- 3484791 TI - Should coronary artery bypass be delayed following successful direct coronary artery streptokinase thrombolysis during evolving myocardial infarction? AB - The effect of deferring immediate coronary artery bypass was evaluated in two groups of similar patients having successful direct coronary artery thrombolysis with streptokinase in the treatment of evolving myocardial infarction. Within 6 hours of onset of myocardial infarction, 140 patients underwent immediate cardiac catheterization and infusion of intracoronary streptokinase up to 500,000 units. Of those patients having restoration of orthograde coronary blood flow coupled with immediate evidence of myocardial salvage, 31 patients (group I) had immediate coronary artery bypass and 34 patients (group II) had coronary artery bypass deferred. Group I had no hemorrhagic, hemodynamic, or new cardiac complications. There were no deaths, reinfarction, recurrence of angina, or loss of salvaged myocardium at restudy. In group II, 11 of 34 patients had early reinfarction (p less than 0.01 vs. group I), 16 of 34 patients had recurrent angina (p less than 0.01 vs. group I) and two deaths occurred from cardiac causes. Subsequent coronary bypass was needed in 16 patients. All restudied reinfarction patients lost restored myocardium. We concluded that immediate coronary artery bypass is safe after acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery thrombolysis with streptokinase, delay of coronary artery bypass leads to an unacceptable incidence of reinfarction and recurrent severe angina, and early coronary artery bypass is needed to ensure success of thrombolysis. PMID- 3484792 TI - A novel approach to the generation and identification of experimental hepatic metastases in a murine model. AB - A reproducible model for the selective generation of liver metastases has been developed. The spleen is exteriorized by means of a small subcostal incision and is directly injected with a 1-ml suspension of tumor cells. Tumor cells flow out of the splenic vein into the portal vein and lodge in the liver. Splenectomy is performed approximately 1 minute after tumor cell injection. The procedure is simple, requires a single operative procedure, and is applicable to a wide variety of tumors. Over a 6-month period, more than 3,000 such procedures with the use of 5 different tumors were performed in C57BL/6 mice, resulting in a 1.9% mortality. For reliable enumeration of the number of hepatic metastatic deposits, a suspension of india ink was injected iv, and the liver was removed and bleached with Fekete's solution. Tumor nodules appeared as discrete white nodules against the black background of normal liver parenchyma. This model provides a useful tool for the study of the experimental therapy of hepatic metastases in mice. PMID- 3484793 TI - Cortisone, vitamin A, and wound healing: the importance of measuring wound surface area. AB - Traditional methods of measuring wound strength have often ignored one of the most important variables, i.e., wound surface area. Using a readily reproducible method of determining wound surface area, the effect of topical vitamin A on steroid-treated rats was studied. Findings revealed a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in wound strength with topical vitamin A application. No difference could be detected between steroid-treated and saline-treated rats when wound surface area was taken into account. Measurement of wound surface area is essential for meaningful results in wound healing studies. PMID- 3484794 TI - Hepatic ischemia models for determining the effects of ATP-MgCl2 treatment. AB - Although ATP-MgCl2 treatment after global hepatic ischemia has been shown to improve cell function, a recent report has failed to confirm this in a model of regional hepatic ischemia. To determine the reason for this, rats were anesthetized and blood vessels to the left and median lobes of the liver were occluded. After 90 min of ischemia, the ligature around those vessels was removed. In Model 1, blood flow to the right lobes of the liver was then occluded whereas in Model 2, flow to those lobes was left intact. In both models the rats received intravenously 1.0 ml of saline or ATP-MgCl2 (12.5 mumole each) after ischemia. One hour after reflow, hepatic blood flow in the right and/or left lobe was measured following which mitochondria from the respective lobes were isolated and their function measured. The results indicated that although ATP-MgCl2 infusion following hepatic ischemia significantly improved hepatic blood flow and mitochondrial function in Model 1 (in which the right lobes were ligated following release of the occlusion to the left and median lobes), it failed to do so in Model 2 (in which the right lobes were not occluded after release of the occlusion to the left and median lobes). These results emphasize the importance of the rapid restoration of blood flow following hepatic ischemia. In the presence of shunts such as occur in Model 2, it is unlikely that any therapeutic agent would be effective. PMID- 3484795 TI - Rod-like intramitochondrial inclusions after hypothermic chemical cardioplegia during cardiac operations. AB - Rod-like intramitochondrial inclusions in the myocardial cells were observed after hypothermic chemical cardioplegia in three out of 20 patients who underwent coronary bypass operations. They were not seen in another group of 20 patients who underwent an aortic valve replacement operation in whom only topical cooling was used for myocardial protection. The occurrence of rod-like intramitochondrial inclusions could not be correlated with other signs of ischemic myocardial injury. X-ray microanalysis did not reveal any inorganic substance in the intramitochondrial inclusions. Therefore, we believe that their occurrence was not related to the calcium paradox phenomenon, a feared complication of cardiac operations. PMID- 3484797 TI - The lymphokine "inhibitor of DNA synthesis" (IDS) suppresses human T lymphocyte proliferation by an interleukin-2-independent mechanism. AB - IDS is a soluble glycoprotein product of activated T cells that inhibits lymphocyte proliferation induced by antigens and by lectin mitogens. This immunosuppressive lymphokine has been distinguished from lymphotoxin, Proliferation Inhibitory Factor, Colony Inhibitory Factor, Macrophage Inhibitory Factor, and interferon. Using IDS partially purified by isoelectric focusing from culture supernatants of concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we investigated IDS inhibition of T cell proliferation with respect to the interleukin pathway. At concentrations that produced 75-90% suppression of proliferation in PHA-stimulated PBMC cultures, IDS caused no decrease in interleukin 2 (IL2) production (determined by bioassay) or in IL2 receptor expression (determined with anti-Tac antibody). Moreover, adding exogenous IL2 to IDS-inhibited cultures failed to restore proliferation. IDS inhibited growth of several IL2-dependent and IL2-independent cell lines, and suppressed proliferation of PBMC induced by the phorbol ester TPA (12-0 tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate) or by the calcium ionophore A23187, thus distinguishing its mechanism of action from that of cyclosporin A, dexamethasone, OKT11A antibody, and other inhibitors. These data extend earlier findings that IDS acts late in G1 phase of the cell cycle, and provide evidence that IDS inhibits T cell proliferation through an IL2-independent mechanism. PMID- 3484796 TI - Conditional requirement for accessory cells in the response of T cells to Con A. AB - The response to Concanavalin A (Con A) of unseparated lymph node cells and of T cells isolated from them has been studied over a mitogen dose range of 0.2 microgram to 16 micrograms/ml. Accessory cell depleted T cells respond only to high doses of Con A and then only weakly. The magnitude (proliferative activity) of the response as well as the sensitivity to the mitogen can be modified by accessory cells (AC), lymphokines and by chemical modification of cell surface glycoproteins. Accessory cell function can be inhibited by antibodies directed against cell surface molecules on accessory cells (Ia) or on T cells (L3T4). Changes in the mitogen sensitivity of the response are not necessarily associated with changes in the magnitude of the response. The mitogen sensitivity can be decreased with anti-Ia antibody and can be increased by treatment with IL-l and/or interferon gamma (IFN-). We postulate that the increase in sensitivity to Con A is a function of the density of cell surface molecules with which T and AC cells interact. The magnitude of the response is primarily determined by the frequency of AC in culture; it decreases as the number of AC is reduced and increases as AC are added to the cultures. Mitogen sensitivity is a new tool for the analysis of nonspecific T cell activation. Our data bring the accessory cell requirement for mitogen activation of T cells into a new perspective: AC--or factors produced by them--are essential when low (1-2 micrograms/ml Con A) doses are used and are less or not at all necessary when high doses (6-10 micrograms/ml) of mitogen are applied. PMID- 3484798 TI - Cellular interaction between B and T lymphocytes: enhanced release of B cell growth factor. AB - The release of a B cell growth factor (BCGF) in medium conditioned by peripheral blood T lymphocytes was shown to be dependent upon accessory cell derived signal(s). T lymphocytes activated with lectin and cultured in the presence of monocytes, or Interleukin 1, provided the in vitro components that were both necessary and sufficient for factor release. B, lymphocytes in the presence of both activated T cells and monocytes, were shown to further augment the amount of factor released by the T cell. The effects of the monocyte and B lymphocyte were, in part, mediated through the DR locus and these effects were consistent with a positive feedback mechanism for the regulation of the availability of BCGF. The data are discussed in terms of differing accessory cell roles for the monocyte and B cell in terms of the mechanisms underlying their augmentative effects on factor release. PMID- 3484799 TI - Androgen receptors in ventral prostate glands of zinc deficient rats. AB - Androgen binding has been studied in the prostate cytosol of zinc deficient rats by charcoal assays. Rats were housed individually in plastic cages and maintained on a zinc deficient diet for 3 months. The cytosol fraction of prostate gland was incubated with various concentrations of tritiated methyltrienolone (3H-R1881, a synthetic androgen) alone or in the presence of 500-fold excess of radioinert R1881. Scatchard analysis of the data revealed that the number of androgen binding sites in the cytosol fraction of the zinc deficient rat prostate was 31 +/- 5.2 fmol/mg cytosol protein. This was significantly lower than that (84 +/- 11.5 fmol/mg protein) of the controls. Their dissociation constant (Kd = 1.6 +/- 0.6 nM) on the other hand was not different from that (1.7 +/- 0.7 nM) of control animals. This decrease in the concentration of cytosol receptor sites in the zinc deficient state suggests that this metal is involved in the androgen-binding process in the target cells. PMID- 3484800 TI - A deep model of the incidence of dental caries on proximal surfaces. AB - As a component of an analysis of the benefits of alternative frequencies of bitewing radiographs to detect dental caries, the authors developed and validated a model to generate an individual's probability distribution for new carious lesions in a year. The model postulates two sources of variability in caries incidence--differences in individuals' underlying caries susceptibilities and a random component. The model is used to examine the nature of caries risk over time. The large random fluctuations in an individual's caries susceptibility from year to year, combined with the random nature of caries attack, makes it difficult to predict future caries experience from the individual's caries experience in the recent past. By modeling the process giving rise to observed incidence data rather than focusing directly on the observed data, i.e., by developing a deep rather than a surface model, the authors have elucidated underlying disease dynamics and provided a basis for generalizing from the particular data used to develop the model. PMID- 3484801 TI - The relationship between bone apposition rate and vitamin D activity in phosphate deficient rats. AB - In rats, phosphorus deficiency (P-) has been shown previously to stimulate the linear bone apposition rate (BAR) and this P- effect is dependent on adequate intake of vitamin D. To investigate further the relative importance of the vitamin D3 metabolites, 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 25(OH)D3, in BAR stimulation, we studied, in P- rats, the relationships between BAR and plasma levels of these three vitamin D3 metabolites following vitamin D3 deprivation. Three groups of rats were placed on diets differing only in phosphorus (P) and vitamin D3(D3) content, with one group diet deficient in both P and D3, one diet, P-, D3 replete, and one diet both P and D3 replete. Plasma levels of the three vitamin D3 metabolites, plasma Ca and P, isotopic Ca absorption and BAR measurements were carried out at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after onset of the test diets. In P-, D3 replete rats, both plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and BAR were increased throughout the 1 to 5 week study period, while 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 levels were not significantly different from P and D3 replete controls. In P-, D3 restricted rats, BAR was decreased by one week, prior to any reduction in plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 and while plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were still well above control values. In this P- rat model, the vitamin D dependent BAR stimulation does not appear to be directly related to alterations in the plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, or 25(OH)D3. PMID- 3484802 TI - Lack of depletion of striatal dopamine by phenylpiperidine analgesics. PMID- 3484803 TI - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias with a t(8;14) possibly involving a c-myc locus and T-cell-receptor alpha-chain genes. PMID- 3484804 TI - AIDS virus infection in Nairobi prostitutes. Spread of the epidemic to East Africa. AB - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is epidemic in Central Africa. To determine the prevalence of AIDS virus infection in East Africa, we studied 90 female prostitutes, 40 men treated at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, and 42 medical personnel in Nairobi, Kenya. Antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III (HTLV-III) was detected in the serum of 66 percent of prostitutes of low socioeconomic status, 31 percent of prostitutes of higher socioeconomic status, 8 percent of the clinic patients, and 2 percent of the medical personnel. The presence of the antibody was associated with both immunologic and clinical abnormalities. The mean T-cell helper/suppressor ratio was 0.92 in seropositive prostitutes and 1.82 in seronegative prostitutes (P less than 0.0001). Generalized lymphadenopathy was present in 54 percent of seropositive prostitutes and 10 percent of seronegative prostitutes (P less than 0.0001). No constitutional symptoms, opportunistic infections, or cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were present. Our results indicate that the epidemic of AIDS virus infection has, unfortunately, spread extensively among urban prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya. Sexual exposure to men from Central Africa was significantly associated with HTLV III antibody among prostitutes, suggesting transcontinental spread of the epidemic. PMID- 3484805 TI - Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. AB - Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of hormone-like glycoproteins that regulate haematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, and G-CSF almost exclusively stimulates the colony formation of granulocytes from committed precursor cells in semi-solid agar culture. Recently, Nomura et al. have established a human squamous carcinoma cell line (designated CHU-2) from a human oral cavity tumour which produces large quantities of CSF constitutively, and the CSF produced by CHU-2 cells has been purified to homogeneity from the conditioned medium. We have now determined the partial amino acid sequence of the purified G-CSF protein, and by using oligonucleotides as probes, have isolated several clones containing G-CSF complementary DNA from the cDNA library prepared with messenger RNA from CHU-2 cells. The complete nucleotide sequences of two of these cDNAs were determined and the expression of the cDNA in monkey COS cells gave rise to a protein showing authentic G-CSF activity. Furthermore, Southern hybridization analysis of DNA from normal leukocytes and CHU-2 cells suggests that the human genome contains only one gene for G-CSF and that some rearrangement has occurred within one of the alleles of the G-CSF gene in CHU-2 cells. PMID- 3484806 TI - Peptides and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3484807 TI - Histopathological and immunological studies in spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome after intercurrent measles infection. AB - Two cases of childhood nephrotic syndrom (NS) were diagnosed in September 1981 and February 1982, respectively. The patients were first cousins. There was no other family history of renal disease. Five months after onset of nephrosis in 1 patient and 1 month after onset of nephrosis in the other both had an intercurrent measles infection and the NS rapidly went into spontaneous remission. However, relapses occurred 3 and 7 months later. At that time both patients were started on steriod treatment and obtained remission. Unfortunately, both relapsed again 14 months later. Kidney biopsies were performed, the pathologic findings demonstrated that both were mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The mononuclear cell subsets and lymphoproliferative responses were studied during the acute measles infection, 4 weeks later, in remission and relapse of NS. The mononuclear cell subsets and lymphoproliferative response in medium containing autologous serum with complement were decreased during the acute measles infection. Both patients had an increase of OKT8 cells and Leu-7 cells in relapse and a decrease in remission. Taken together, natural measles infection caused a prolonged depression of cell-mediated immunity, T cell subset and induced a temporary remission of steroid-sensitive NS. PMID- 3484808 TI - The vascular permeability factor is a T lymphocyte product. PMID- 3484809 TI - Anterior uveitis, a presenting symptom in acute interstitial nephritis. AB - Two adult women with idiopathic acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) whose presenting symptom was anterior uveitis are described. On histologic examination of the renal biopsy, eosinophilic infiltrates and mononuclear cells were found. Immunofluorescence was negative. Immunological evaluation showed a slight decrease in the number of T cells with a normal subpopulation ratio. AIN responded to steroid treatment. PMID- 3484811 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pregnancy: a report of three maternal deaths. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a major public health problem in the United States. Current projections, based on seroepidemiologic data, suggest a large increase in the number of cases over the next several years. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS and an increase in the frequency of that illness also can be anticipated. Few cases of P carinii pneumonia associated with AIDS during pregnancy have been reported. Reported here are three such patients. All patients had been intravenous drug users and all died during the hospitalization in which the diagnosis was made. The diagnosis and management of P carinii pneumonia associated with AIDS are discussed. PMID- 3484810 TI - Compensation by solar irradiation of depletion of 25(OH)D in CAPD patients. PMID- 3484812 TI - Histiocytosis-X in gynecology: a case presentation and review of the literature. AB - A patient is presented with persistent vulvar ulcerations of 15 months' duration. Biopsies of the lesions were diagnostic of histiocytosis-X. Chest x-ray revealed a honeycombed reticulonodular pattern consistent with pulmonary histiocytosis-X. The dehydration test indicated diabetes insipidus. Electron microscopy revealed Langerhan granules characteristic of histiocytes. This patient represents one of approximately two dozen cases in the world literature showing gynecologic manifestations of histiocytosis-X. The presentations, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of this disease are discussed. PMID- 3484813 TI - Treatment of persistent ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate and leukovorum rescue: a case report. AB - The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing in the Western world, and this reproductive complication has had an adverse impact on subsequent fertility. Advances in the surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancies have been designed to preserve future reproductive potential, but conservative tubal surgery may fail to completely remove the trophoblast. Described is a case of persistent ectopic pregnancy successfully treated with methotrexate. PMID- 3484814 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as a single pulmonary nodule. PMID- 3484816 TI - Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. PMID- 3484815 TI - Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae b during antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3484817 TI - An algorithm for studying cooperative transitions in DNA. AB - Cooperative transitions in DNA (B to Z, B to A, helix to coil, etc.) are known to depend strongly on nucleotide sequence. In general the change in free energy involved in the transition can be expressed as: delta G(seq) = 2RT log (sigma) where sigma is a factor arising from the free energy associated with boundaries of different conformations along the molecule. This formula allows to infer a general algorithm with which DNA sequences can be partitioned into well defined domains in which, under suitable conditions, base pairs change state cooperatively. The different partitions of the sequence that can be generated by varying the values of the physical parameters involved in the above formula, are shown to be embedded into a binary tree hierarchy. Application to a reliable prediction of Z-DNA antibody binding sites will be illustrated for the 0X174 genome. Possible biological implications are briefly discussed. PMID- 3484818 TI - Giardiasis: the clinical spectrum, diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 3484819 TI - Host defense factors in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3484821 TI - Examination of the foot in rheumatic disease. PMID- 3484820 TI - Pediatric diarrheal diseases: a global perspective. PMID- 3484822 TI - Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in an adult. AB - Hemophilus influenzae type B is no longer considered a rare cause of adult meningitis. Clinical presentation is no different from that of other types of bacterial meningitis. When H influenzae is suspected on the basis of CSF examination, the preferred treatment is chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) with or without ampicillin until ampicillin susceptibility or beta-lactamase production is determined. PMID- 3484823 TI - High-affinity binding of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to normal and leukemic human myeloid cells. AB - Purified natural and biosynthetic (recombinant) human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulate colony formation by myeloid progenitor cells and enhance the function of mature neutrophils. Both of these actions occur at concentrations between 1 and 100 pM, with half-maximal stimulation at 10-20 pM. We have examined specific binding of 125I-labeled GM-CSF to responsive target cells in this range of concentrations. The results show a low number (50-250) of high-affinity (15-30 pM) binding sites on GM-CSF responsive leukemic cells (KG-1, HL-60), as well as on peripheral blood neutrophils from normal donors. This high-affinity binding component was absent from unresponsive cell lines (KG-1a, K562). These results suggest that this binding site mediates the biological activities of GM-CSF on both proliferation and function of myeloid cells. PMID- 3484824 TI - Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of T-cell-specific immunoglobulin like polypeptide chains. AB - To explore the possibility that the difference in antigen recognition between B and T cells derives from a structural difference in their respective antigen specific receptors (immunoglobulins on B cells and immunoglobulin-like molecules on T cells), we compared the extracellular segments of the T-cell receptor alpha, beta, and gamma polypeptide chains and the N-terminal segment of the T-cell T8 (Lyt-2) antigen chain with the corresponding regions of immunoglobulins whose three-dimensional structures are known. The results indicate that the four T-cell polypeptide chains are organized into immunoglobulin-like domains consisting of multistranded antiparallel beta-sheet bilayers. Invariant amino acid side chains that are conserved in diverse immunoglobulins, including those that mediate domain-domain interactions and form a constant scaffold for antibody binding sites, are also conserved in the chains encoded by the T-cell receptor genes and in the N-terminal domain of T8 (Lyt-2). It appears that the binding sites of the antigen-specific T-cell alpha beta-chain receptors and of antibodies are very similar in their overall dimensions and geometry: a T-cell alpha beta receptor molecule probably has an antigen-specific binding site that is fundamentally no different than the conventional binding site of an antibody. PMID- 3484825 TI - Lineage-related polypeptide markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - We have utilized two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, coupled with ultrasensitive silver staining, to identify lineage-related polypeptide markers in lymphoblasts from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Twelve polypeptides were detected that could distinguish between the major subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These included a new marker for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia and markers for cells of B and T lineages. Analysis of the two-dimensional patterns also allowed the tentative identification of T-cell lineage in two cases with an otherwise undifferentiated non-T-cell non-B-cell phenotype. Two-dimensional electrophoresis thus provides a powerful tool for the delineation of the cell of origin in leukemia. PMID- 3484826 TI - The effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on food intake involves aversive mechanisms. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the product of the calcitonin gene produced primarily in the central nervous system, has been shown to decrease food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Testing of CGRP (ICV) in both single bottle conditioned-aversion and differential starvation paradigms was done. In both paradigms, results using CGRP were consistent with those predicted for aversive agents. Therefore, CGRP apparently decreases feeding via aversive mechanisms. PMID- 3484827 TI - Effect of different forms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimental pain. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of five different types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimentally induced pain threshold and tolerance in healthy subjects. Fourteen subjects received the following treatments on different days: low frequency TENS, burst frequency TENS, hyperstimulation TENS, high frequency TENS with a low voltage galvanic stimulator, and high frequency TENS with a high voltage galvanic stimulator to the left upper extremity. Pain threshold and tolerance were tested with electric current on a fingertip of the left upper extremity before each treatment, immediately after each treatment, and 20 minutes after the end of each treatment. Data were analyzed using separate two-by-five analyses of variance with repeated measures for pain threshold and tolerance. No significant effects of treatment or time for pain threshold or tolerance were found. A significant interaction between treatment and time for pain threshold was found. Further study is needed to compare the effects of these treatments in patients with clinical pain. PMID- 3484828 TI - Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation characteristics on clinical pain. AB - We compared the effects of four treatment variables on the pain reduction produced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and attempted to establish indications for TENS based on patient history and pain evaluation items. Treatment variables were the therapist and the three TENS stimulus characteristics--pulse width, frequency, and amplitude. We randomly assigned 192 consecutive adult patients suffering from painful conditions to one of four physical therapists and one of 12 stimulus characteristic combinations. We used a standard evaluation form that included a visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate pain. Patients were given a 30-minute trial using TENS, followed by reevaluation. The VAS line length change after treatment was the criterion score for comparison of stimulus characteristic effectiveness. Although pain was reduced greatly with TENS (p = .01), a four-way analysis of variance (pulse width, frequency, amplitude, and therapist) attributed little of the treatment effect to the treatment variables or their interactions (r2 = .101). The amplitude effect, however, was borderline (p = .056), and subthreshold stimulation proved more effective than stimulation to tolerance (p = .05). Extensive multiple linear regression analyses failed to provide indications for TENS based on patient information and pain evaluation items. Therefore, pain remains the only indication for TENS, and we recommend subthreshold rather than higher amplitude stimulation on the initial TENS trial. PMID- 3484829 TI - Telethermographic findings after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether some types of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation cause local vasodilation. The amount of vascular perfusion was monitored using telethermography to gauge the skin temperature of the area to which TENS was applied. We studied the effects of four different modalities of TENS (intensities of 1.5 and 3 times the sensory threshold and frequencies of 3 pulses per second [pps] and 100 pps), delivered through small and large electrodes (1.5 cm and 4 cm in diameter), on 10 healthy subjects. Stimulation at 3 times the sensory threshold produced local hyperthermia, which was maximal when a current of 100 pps was delivered through small electrodes. Because any physical or chemical effects of the current could be eliminated as causes of hyperthermia, the rise in skin temperature was considered to be a result of increased vascular perfusion. The results of the study demonstrate that some types of TENS cause local vasodilation. This effect may represent another mechanism by which such techniques provide pain relief, particularly in the treatment of myofascial syndromes. PMID- 3484830 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in long-term heavy cannabis use. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method in nine male chronic cannabis users. The rCBF level in cannabis users was significantly (11%) lower than that of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Four of the subjects were reexamined after 9-60 days of detoxification and showed a significant (12%) increase of the CBF level at followup. No significant regional flow abnormalities were noted. The global CBF reduction seen in the early phase of detoxification is most likely the consequence of the dysfunction of the central nervous system accompanying chronic cannabis use. PMID- 3484831 TI - Cerebral ventricular size and cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase levels in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 16 patients with a diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). CT scans were rated without knowledge of clinical and laboratory data, and lateral ventricle-brain ratios (VBRs) calculated. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured by radioenzymatic assay in all patients, and degree of dementia quantified using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). There were significant correlations between cerebral atrophy as assessed by VBR and CSF AChE activity. Cognitive impairment on MMSE also correlated significantly with VBR. These correlations were not accounted for by age, dilutional effects, or duration of illness. The relationship between VBR and AChE activity demonstrates an association between two independently determined pre-mortem measures of illness. PMID- 3484833 TI - Frequency and patterns of abnormality detected by iodine-123 amine emission CT after cerebral infarction. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in 31 patients with cerebral infarction and 13 who had had transient ischemic attacks, using iodine-123-labeled N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-5-iodobenzyl)-1,3 propanediamin e (I-123-HIPDM) as the radiopharmaceutical. SPECT scans were compared with computed tomographic (CT) scans. SPECT was as sensitive as CT in detecting cerebral infarction (94% vs. 84%). The abnormalities were larger on the SPECT scans than on the CT scans in 19 cases, equal in seven, and smaller in five (SPECT abnormalities greater than or equal to CT abnormalities in 86% of cases). Fifteen of 30 patients with hemispheric infarction had decreased perfusion (decreased uptake of I-123-HIPDM) to the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the cerebral hemisphere involved by the infarction (crossed cerebellar diaschisis). Nine of these 15 patients had major motor deficits, while only one of the 15 without crossed cerebellar diaschisis had a major motor deficit. PMID- 3484832 TI - A comparison of CT findings in acute and chronic ward schizophrenics. AB - Two groups of chronic schizophrenics, one from a short-stay hospital and the other from a chronic hospital setting, were matched on age and length of illness. Their CT (computed tomography) scans, obtained on the same equipment, were then compared with headache control subjects of similar age. Lateral ventricular size was significantly greater in the chronic ward schizophrenics than in either the acute ward patients or the controls. Over one-half the chronic ward samples had ventricles which exceeded the mean plus two standard deviations of the control group. There was also evidence of an increased frequency of reversed occipital asymmetry in the chronic ward schizophrenics. These findings suggest that previous discrepancies reported in the literature for CT studies of schizophrenics might be related to differences in the patient populations studied. PMID- 3484834 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in distance runners. PMID- 3484835 TI - The T cell and its receptor. PMID- 3484836 TI - Pertussis and the pertussis vaccine. PMID- 3484837 TI - Evidence for the involvement of GM-CSF and FMS in the deletion (5q) in myeloid disorders. AB - By in situ chromosomal hybridization, the GM-CSF and FMS genes were localized to human chromosome 5 at bands q23 to q31, and at band 5q33, respectively. These genes encode proteins involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and are located within a chromosome region frequently deleted in patients with neoplastic myeloid disorders. Both genes were deleted in the 5q-chromosome from bone marrow cells of two patients with refractory anemia and a del(5)(q15q33.3). The GM-CSF gene alone was deleted in a third patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who has a smaller deletion, del(5)(q22q33.1). Leukemia cells from a fourth patient who has ANLL and does not have a del(5q), but who has a rearranged chromosome 5 that is missing bands q31.3 to q33.1 [ins(21;5)(q22;q31.3q33.1)] were used to sublocalize these genes; both genes were present on the rearranged chromosome 5. Thus, the deletion of one or both of these genes may be important in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes or of ANLL. PMID- 3484838 TI - Tripeptide structure of bursin, a selective B-cell-differentiating hormone of the bursa of fabricius. AB - Differentiation of lymphoid precursor cells in a variety of species is induced by polypeptide hormones such as thymopoietin for T cells and bursin for B cells. In the present experiments, bursin isolated from the bursa of Fabricius of chicken was found to induce the phenotypic differentiation of mammalian and avian B precursor cells but not of T precursor cells in vitro. Similarly, bursin increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate in cells of the human B-cell line Daudi but not in cells of the human T-cell line CEM. These inducing properties of bursin are the reverse of the inducing properties of thymopoietin produced by the thymus and are appropriate to a physiological B-cell-inducing hormone. A tripeptide sequence (lysyl-histidyl-glycyl-amide) was determined for bursin and confirmed by synthesizing this proposed structure and demonstrating chemical identity of the natural and synthetic peptides. Similarity of biological action was indicated in induction assays by elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate in Daudi B cells but not in CEM T cells. PMID- 3484839 TI - Conventional radionuclide brain imaging in the era of transmission and emission tomography. AB - The clinical applications for conventional radionuclide brain imaging have declined considerably since the introduction of newer imaging modalities (computerized cranial tomography [CCT], nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]). Currently, conventional brain imaging primarily serves as a complementary test when CCT is negative or equivocal and strong clinical suspicion remains. Selected areas in which radionuclide imaging may be the preferred modality include evaluation of cerebral perfusion in assessment of brain death, detection of early viral encephalitis, evaluation of major venous sinus patency, external marking for localization of intracranial tumor, and in selected cases of suspected subdural hematoma, brain tumor, and cerebrovascular disease. The concept of conventional radionuclide brain imaging will likely undergo considerable change in the near future as newer radiopharmaceuticals are introduced and wider application is made of single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PMID- 3484840 TI - Recurrent bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum in an adult: angiographic demonstration after normal scans. AB - We have reported the case of a 26-year-old man who had had intermittent but severe gastrointestinal bleeding over a 30-month period from a Meckel's diverticulum. Meckel's diverticulum should be searched for angiographically, even in the face of normal isotopic scans, in cases of chronic or intermittent gastrointestinal hemorrhage, particularly in younger patients. PMID- 3484841 TI - A reappraisal of the Kock continent ileostomy in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The diagnosis of Crohn's disease has been considered a contraindication to the construction of a Kock continent ileostomy. From 1975 to 1984, 95 Kock continent ileostomies were performed at the Stanford University Medical Center. The clinical course of seven patients with regional enteritis who were disease-free for five years was reviewed. All of the patients studied were women, with a mean disease-free interval of 7.7 years and a range of follow-up study of four to 50 months. To date, all of the patients are fully continent to gas and ileal effluent. The postoperative complication and revision rate (28 per cent) was comparable with the results cited in the literature for individuals with ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis. When revisions were necessary, patients elected to keep the Kock pouch rather than conversion to a conventional Brooke ileostomy. The authors agree that active regional enteritis is to be considered a contraindication to the construction of a continent ileostomy. However, the benefits afforded a patient with a continent ileal reservoir are substantial and warrant consideration in a select group of patients with Crohn's disease who are disease-free for a minimum of five years. PMID- 3484842 TI - Septation and focal dilatation of ventricles associated with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. AB - A 35-year-old woman developed temporal lobe seizures. Isolated dilatation of the right temporal horn was demonstrated by computed tomography. She was asymptomatic for the next 10 months while on anticonvulsants before severe headaches, vomiting, and mental confusion prompted hospitalization. Both temporal horns were now dilated, there was marked periventricular edema, and cryptococci were cultured from the ventricular fluid. She succumbed after prolonged systemic and intrathecal antifungal therapy, having developed isolation and dilatation of both frontal horns and third and fourth ventricles. Cryptococcal or other fungal meningoencephalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated dilatations of the ventricular chambers as noted in the present case. PMID- 3484843 TI - [Computed tomographic follow-up controls after the radiotherapy of brain metastases]. AB - The results of CT control (n = 154) of 69 patients with cerebral metastases (n = 106) are presented. 89 metastases showed a reduction of volume after radiotherapy. 19 metastases increased in volume, and five patients developed new metastases. In the contrast representation 49 out of 66 patients showed a reduced enhancement after radiotherapy, an increase was observed in twelve patients. In 15 out of 22 cases, the irradiation was followed by a decrease of ventricle compression. In case of ventricular dilatation (n = 5), three decreases and two increases were observed. In case of displacement of the mid line (n = 15), eight decreases, five increases, and two identical results were found. Twelve patients presented radiogenic side effects of the central nervous system or the cerebral metastases. PMID- 3484844 TI - Surgical management of radiation enteritis. AB - Seventy patients (17 men and 53 women) were seen with radiation-injured gut between 1958 and 1984. The median age at treatment with radiotherapy was 54 years. External radiotherapy was used in all cases, combined with internal treatment for cervical cancer. Ninety-seven gastrointestinal lesions were produced. There were 63 strictures, 14 fistulas, 12 perforations, and eight bleeds. The period between radiotherapy and clinical manifestation of the lesion was approximately 2 years, being longest for strictures. The majority of the lesions were in the rectosigmoid or mid and distal small bowel. Sixty-one patients required one or more operations, and review of the operative results up to 1977 showed a high incidence of anastomotic leak and death after resection and primary anastomosis. However, we noticed that the ascending, transverse, and descending colon were relatively free of radiation-induced disease. Since then we have used a nonirradiated part of the colon for one end of the anastomosis. Thus terminal ileal resection has been followed by an ileotransverse anastomosis and rectosigmoid resection by mobilization of the splenic flexure to bring it down for anastomosis. With these techniques there has been one leak in 14 anastomoses and none of the 12 patients have died. These results are significantly better (p less than 0.02) than our previous figures when 14 of 27 anastomoses leaked, with 10 deaths. We conclude that use of nonirradiated bowel for at least one end of an anastomosis significantly improves the results of resection of irradiated bowel. PMID- 3484845 TI - Portal versus caval venous drainage of small bowel allografts: technical and metabolic consequences. AB - The potential metabolic and technical consequences of systemic (portacaval anastomosis [PC-A]) as opposed to portal venous drainage (portaportal anastomosis [PP-A]) of orthotopic small bowel isografts was evaluated in a rat model. Rats with portacaval (PC) shunts were studied for comparison. During the study period of 6 months, rats with small bowel grafts (PP-A or PC-A) gained weight at rates equal to that of normal age-matched rats (+40% of the preoperative weight) whereas rats with PC shunts lost 20% of their weight. At autopsy 6 months after operation, rats with PC shunts had significant liver atrophy (2.0% of total body weight) in comparison with rats with orthotopic isografts. Moderate liver atrophy was detected in rats with grafts and PC-A in comparison with those with PP-A (2.6% versus 2.8% of total body weight, statistically not significant). Serum ammonia levels were significantly elevated for PC shunts (560 +/- 148 micrograms/dl) and PC-A (140 +/- 22 micrograms/dl) when compared with PP-A (83 +/ 10 micrograms/dl). In terms of technical difficulties, both PC-A and PP-A could be achieved with the same success rate. Systemic venous drainage for small bowel grafts is followed by metabolic alterations that are similar, although much less pronounced, to those seen after a PC shunt. Thus our findings do not offer compelling reasons to prefer PP-A over PC-A. However, with longer follow-up and the use of hepatotoxic immunosuppressive drugs, these minimal alterations may progress and induce metabolic sequelae of clinical significance. Under these circumstances it would be advisable to use the physiologic portal drainage rather than systemic venous drainage in small bowel transplantation. PMID- 3484846 TI - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of fluoxetine and its major metabolite, norfluoxetine, in anesthetized dogs. AB - The cardiovascular effects of the selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, and its N-desmethyl metabolite, norfluoxetine, were studied in anesthetized dogs during constant iv infusion of supratherapeutic doses (0.1 mg/kg/min for 50 min). Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine did not significantly affect mean blood pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, or heart rate compared to a corresponding vehicle group. Cardiac output fell 15 to 20% during fluoxetine infusion due to nonsignificant decreases in both heart rate (10%) and stroke volume (5 to 10%). In contrast, the tricyclic antidepressant agent, amitriptyline, infused at the same dose, decreased both mean pressure and systemic vascular resistance (20%) and increased heart rate (20%). Pulmonary wedge pressure rose by 35%, and stroke volume fell by 20% suggesting impaired ventricular contractility. Both intramyocardial and infranodal conduction was slowed during amitriptyline infusion as indicated by increases in the QRS duration, and the PQ and HV interval. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine had no influence on cardiac impulse conduction velocity as assessed by either surface or intracardiac conduction indices. Plasma concentrations of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, and amitriptyline reached during infusion ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 micrograms/ml. Platelet [3H]serotonin uptake was inhibited by 95% during infusion of fluoxetine and about 75% during infusion of norfluoxetine or amitriptyline. These observations indicate that large iv doses of fluoxetine or norfluoxetine lack prominent cardiodepressant effects in dogs, suggesting a greater margin of safety for fluoxetine compared to tricyclic antidepressant drugs. PMID- 3484847 TI - Cellular and biochemical response of the rat lung to repeated inhalation of cadmium. AB - Male Lewis rats were exposed from 1 to 6 weeks (3 hr/day, 5 days/week) to a Cd aerosol (1.6 mg Cd/m3). After the first week, there were significant elevations in airway amounts of lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, protein, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. After 2 weeks of exposures, airway cytological and biochemical alterations intensified and pulmonary histopathology was observed. The severity of pulmonary injury did not progress beyond this point, although Cd continued to accumulate in the lung in a linear fashion. During the next 3 weeks of exposures, airway alterations diminished and lung histology became normal, suggesting that pulmonary adaptation to Cd might have occurred. Cd-binding proteins, with properties similar to hepatic metallothionein (MT), were isolated from the lungs of Cd-exposed animals. Pulmonary MT quantities increased significantly with repeated exposure to Cd. Sequestration of Cd by MT may be involved in the partial resolution of the lung injury. Translocation of Cd to the liver and kidney also occurred following inhalation exposure. Prior Cd inhalation exposure increased Cd translocation to the kidney, but not to the liver. Liver and kidney Cd burdens increased during the 6 weeks of Cd exposure. MT values also rose but hepatic MT quantities increased faster and to a greater extent than renal MT quantities. PMID- 3484848 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. VII. Induction of the intestinal phase of murine graft-versus-host-reaction by Lyt 2- T cells activated by I-A alloantigens. AB - This study has examined the nature of the T lymphocytes and the alloantigens that induce the intestinal phase of graft-versus-host reaction in unirradiated F1 mice. Parental spleen cells were depleted of T cells subsets by treatment with anti-Lyt monoclonal antibodies and complement, and we show that Lyt 2- cells alone induce the increased lymphocytic infiltration of the epithelium that characterizes the intestinal graft-versus-host reaction. Lyt 2- cells are also required to induce some of the associated crypt hyperplasia, but the full crypt changes require both Lyt 2- and Lyt 2+ T cells. In intra-H-2 recombinant congenic F1 mice with graft-versus-host reaction, a disparity at the I-A locus was alone sufficient and necessary for crypt hyperplasia and increased intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, while an I-J incompatibility led to suppression of both these indices. The results support the hypothesis that the intestinal pathology of acute GVHD is induced by class II MHC-restricted delayed-type hypersensitivity effector T cells. PMID- 3484849 TI - The graft-versus-host reaction and immune function. III. Functional pre-T cells in the bone marrow of graft-versus-host-reactive mice displaying T cell immunodeficiency. AB - Studies were performed to determine whether pre-T cells develop normally in the bone marrow of mice displaying thymic dysplasia and T cell immunodeficiency as a consequence of a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. GVH reactions were induced in CBAxAF1 mice by the injection of A strain lymphoid cells. To test for the presence of pre-T cells in GVH-reactive mice, bone marrow from GVH-reactive mice (GVHBM) was injected into irradiated syngeneic F1 mice and 30-40 days later thymic morphology and function were studied. Morphology studies showed nearly normal thymic architectural restoration; moreover, such glands contained normal numbers of Thy-1-positive cells. Functional pre-T cells were evaluated by transferring thymocytes from the irradiated GVHBM-reconstituted mice into T-cell deprived mice. These thymocytes reconstituted allograft reactivity, T helper cell function and Con A and PHA mitogen responses of T-cell-deprived mice. These results suggest that the pre-T cell population in the bone marrow is not affected by the GVH reaction. Therefore, the T cell immunodeficiency associated with the GVH reaction is not due to a deficiency of pre-T cells in the bone marrow but is more likely associated with GVH-induced thymic dysplasia. PMID- 3484850 TI - Skin lesions in horses. PMID- 3484851 TI - Abnormalities of the brainstem auditory response of the dog associated with equilibrium deficit and seizure. AB - The brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was recorded from 20 dogs, 10 exhibited vestibular deficit, and 10 presented with a history of seizures. Two dogs exhibited both types of signs. Abnormalities of the BAER, prolonged interwave latency, were seen in 8 of the 10 animals with vestibular problems, and in 7 of the 10 animals with seizure history. Several different diagnosis were associated with BAER abnormalities in both groups of animals. In 55.5% of the cases exhibiting abnormalities of the BAER, postmortem evidence of brainstem pathology was not detected. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was normal in three instances of abnormalities of the BAER. The BAER was normal in three dogs with abnormalities of the EEG. The BAER is presented as a useful diagnostic tool for brain lesions in animals with vestibular deficit and seizure history, but appears most useful when used in conjunction with the EEG. Correlations of abnormalities of the BAER and clinical course of disease are discussed. PMID- 3484852 TI - [2 nonstructural glycosylated polyproteins coded by the gag gene of retrovirus type D]. AB - Two nonstructural glycosylated gag-encoded polyproteins were identified in D type retrovirus-infected cells of human transplantable laryngeal carcinoma by a "pulse chase" modification of the immunoprecipitation method. The molecular weights of these polyproteins were 78 K (gPr 78gag) and 90 K (gPr 90gag), respectively. Glucosamine and galactose constituted their carbohydrate component. Initially, gPr 90gag is synthesized, to be followed by gPr 78gag, perhaps due to the split of gPr 90gag. The functional role of these glycoproteins remains to be established. It is suggested that the said and similar glycosylated polyproteins of other retroviruses play a role in stimulating proliferation of retrovirus infected cells. PMID- 3484853 TI - Effect of mouse epidermal growth factor on DNA and protein synthesis, progesterone and inhibin production by bovine granulosa cells in culture. AB - The effect of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) was investigated on DNA and protein synthesis, progesterone and inhibin production by bovine antral granulosa cells. When incubated for the whole period of culture, EGF inhibited inhibin production the second day of culture, progesterone the third and the fourth days whereas it stimulated DNA and protein synthesis only the fourth day of culture. Inhibition of progesterone and stimulation of DNA and protein were dose-dependent when treatment with EGF (pre-incubation) is followed by 24 h without EGF, a stimulatory effect on DNA and protein synthesis was observed after 48 and 72-h pre-incubation. Progesterone was reduced after 3 day pre-incubation and inhibin only after 2-day pre-incubation. Effects observed after 3-day pre-incubation were dose-dependent. These experiments demonstrated the stimulatory effect of EGF on growth of granulosa cells and its inhibitory action on hormonal production by these cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect on progesterone and inhibin production is more precocious than stimulatory effect on DNA and protein synthesis. The inhibitory action of EGF on granulosa cell production of progesterone and inhibin could thus be not directly dependent on its stimulatory action on DNA synthesis. PMID- 3484855 TI - Palatal myoclonus. AB - This chapter concerns palatal myoclonus. Indeed Spencer's vivid nystagmus is now abandoned in favor of the less ambiguous myoclonus. The clinical data are reviewed: its appearance, rhythmic frequency, delay with respect to the causal lesion, resistance to most external influences, and possible associations. The most frequent lesion associated with this clinical phenomenon is a special type of degeneration with hypertrophy of the olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata, on the side opposite the myoclonus when it is unilateral. This degeneration is usually secondary to a primary lesion, located either in the ipsilateral (to the hypertrophied olive) central tegmentum tract or in the contralateral dentate nucleus, through a specific dentatoolivary pathway. The probable existence of this pathway is confirmed by the demonstration of a topographic relationship between dentate nucleus and contralateral inferior olive and by its delineation in the vicinity of the red nucleus where the superior cerebellar peduncle crosses the central tegmental tract. The mechanisms of these lesions and their ensuing symptoms are discussed. It is suggested that there is a transsynaptic degeneration probably disclosing an archaic phenomenon. Few drugs influence this steady abnormal movement: 5-HTP and carbamazepine recently have been credited with some success. PMID- 3484854 TI - Drug-induced myoclonus. PMID- 3484856 TI - Reengineering the brain serotonin system: localized application of specific neurotoxins and fetal serotonergic neurons into the adult CNS. PMID- 3484858 TI - Serotonin models of myoclonus in the guinea pig and rat. AB - Myoclonus could not be induced in rats with either L-5-HTP alone or hypoxia. Following amine depletion or destruction of the serotonin neurons with 5,7-DHT, myoclonus appeared as part of a complex serotonergic behavioral syndrome induced by serotonin agonists. On the other hand, in the guinea pig, L-5-HTP induces a pure myoclonic syndrome in a dose-dependent fashion. Myoclonus also was induced by injection of serotonin into the dorsal pons of the guinea pig. This is additional evidence confirming the importance of the brainstem structures in the L-5-HTP guinea pig model of myoclonus. Deoxyglucose (DG) autoradiography in guinea pigs following systemic L-5-HTP administration demonstrated increased glucose metabolism within thalamic and third nerve nuclei, with decreased metabolism in the cortex, and the molecular layer of the hippocampus. Since serotonin is an inhibitory transmitter, we hypothesize that the decreases observed in cortex may be the result of direct serotonergic inhibition, whereas the increases observed in the thalamus probably represent indirect effects via polysynaptic pathways. PMID- 3484857 TI - L-5-HTP-induced myoclonic jumping behavior in guinea pigs: an update. PMID- 3484859 TI - Periventricular hyperintensity as seen by magnetic resonance: prevalence and significance. AB - Periventricular hyperintensity was identified using long repetition and echo times in spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging of patients with white-matter disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis) caused by local demyelination and in hydrocephalic patients caused by transependymal migration of spinal fluid. A review of 365 consecutives studies revealed that some degree of periventricular hyperintensity is present in most patients (93.5%) regardless of diagnosis. Mild periventricular hyperintensity was seen in patients with no other evidence of intracranial pathology. Periventricular hyperintensity is a normal finding that should not be considered indicative of either demyelinating disease or hydrocephalus. More extensive and severe periventricular hyperintensity is associated with intracerebral pathology, but the finding often is nonspecific. For example, mild periventricular edema from hydrocephalus is impossible to differentiate from the increased periventricular hyperintensity seen in patients with multiple white-matter lesions. Thus, the pattern of periventricular hyperintensity has proven to be of limited value in the clinical assessment of hydrocephalic patients. PMID- 3484860 TI - CT of pineal region tumors. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) features of pineal region tumors were analyzed in 60 histologically proven tumors. This is the largest reported series of histologically verified pineal region tumors studied with CT. The tumors were classified as germ-cell tumors, glial tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors, and meningiomas. Preenhancement germinomas revealed characteristically high-density areas with calcification; uniform enhancement was seen after injection of contrast material. When present, pineal calcification was engulfed by the tumor. Teratomas, present only in male patients, revealed areas of mixed densities (e.g., calcification and fatty areas) and did not show significant contrast enhancement. Spontaneous intraventricular rupture was noted in one case. Unlike other tumors, the original pineal calcification could be recognized in two-thirds of glioma cases and was displaced anteriorly and superiorly in most. Gliomas were hypodense to isodense on precontrast scans and enhanced in a nodular and a ring fashion. Benign pineal parenchymal tumors showed iso- to hyperdense areas with nodular enhancement after injection of contrast material. Pineoblastomas were well defined hyperdense masses without calcification on precontrast scans. After injection of contrast material, they showed well defined enhancement with occasional small, central lucencies. Meningiomas were hyperdense in most cases, uniformly enhanced in a homogeneous fashion, and showed a tentorial attachment. PMID- 3484861 TI - Exophthalmos caused by excessive fat: CT volumetric analysis and differential diagnosis. AB - CT has proven to be excellent in identifying orbital pathology responsible for proptosis. Occasionally, no discrete mass or extraocular muscle enlargement to explain the exophthalmos is found, only an appearance suggestive of an abnormal increase in orbital fat volume. Fifteen patients were studied with proptosis apparently resulting from increased orbital fat. Clinical follow-up revealed that four of them had Graves orbitopathy, unilateral in one; two had Cushing disease/syndrome; and nine were obese without endocrinopathy. The orbital volume and percentage orbital fat volume were measured by CT software analysis in these patients and in a control group of 16 patients without proptosis. Measurements of proptosis and thickness of the scalp fat pad at the inion level were also performed. Significantly greater values for orbital fat volume, percentage fat volume, and proptosis were found in the proptosis group compared with the control group. There was excellent correlation between proptosis and percentage fat volume, supporting the contention that increased orbital fat is responsible for the proptosis. The thickness of the scalp fat pad at the inion level was significantly greater in obese and Cushing patients than in control subjects, but the thickness was not significantly greater in Graves patients than in controls. Proptosis and inion fat were well correlated (r = 0.74) in the control and obese patients, which suggests a relation between general body fat and orbital fat volume. PMID- 3484862 TI - CT in silicosis: correlation with plain films and pulmonary function tests. AB - To investigate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the qualitative and quantitative assessment of silicosis, CT scans, chest radiographs, and pulmonary function tests were obtained in 17 patients with silicosis and six controls. CT scans were graded for extent of silicosis visually and using mean attenuation values. The extent of associated emphysema was also determined. Extent of silicosis as assessed by CT was compared with extent estimated from the chest radiographs using the ILO 1980 classification and pulmonary function tests. Significant correlation was found between both the mean attenuation values (r greater than 0.62, p less than 0.001) and the visual CT scores (r greater than 0.84, p less than 0.001) compared with the ILO category of profusion. There was good inter- and intraobserver correlation for the visual CT grades of silicosis (r greater than 0.93, p less than 0.001). There was poor correlation between the pulmonary function tests and the nodular profusion on the chest radiograph and CT (r less than 0.50). Correlation was significant, however, between the CT emphysema score and both the FEV1% predicted (r greater than 0.66, p less than 0.001) and the diffusing capacity (r greater than 0.71, p less than 0.001). Using chest film assessment of the extent of silicosis, visual CT quantitation of silicosis is accurate and reproducible. Attenuation values were less reliable and their use is not recommended as an independent assessment of disease severity. The reduced levels of lung function in these patients correlated with superimposed emphysema rather than the nodular profusion. Emphysema associated with silicosis was easily detected on CT but not on the radiograph. PMID- 3484863 TI - The radiographic appearance of the Medtronic Hall valve prosthesis. PMID- 3484864 TI - Impending catheter perforation of superior vena cava: radiographic recognition. AB - In six of nine patients with superior vena caval perforation by a central venous catheter, the chest radiograph showed a gentle curve at the tip of the catheter 4 hr to 7 days before clinical or radiographic recognition of perforation. This radiographic sign should prompt catheter repositioning to avoid the morbidity and potential mortality associated with superior vena caval perforation. PMID- 3484865 TI - Circumflex retroesophageal right aortic arch simulating mediastinal tumor or dissecting aneurysm. AB - The authors present three cases of circumflex right aortic arch, a retroesophageal arch in which the aorta crosses from right to left behind the esophagus to descend on the left side. The findings on the frontal chest films resembled those of a left arch with mediastinal widening, simulating a mass. Aortography revealed four-vessel branching of the arch vessels, typical of right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery. Computed tomography and barium studies of the esophagus demonstrated the retroesophageal course of the aorta. In two patients, obstruction of the thoracic portion of the left subclavian artery resulted in differences in blood pressure and pulse between the arms, supporting the clinical impression of dissecting aortic aneurysm. PMID- 3484866 TI - Update: the radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Pulmonary tuberculosis produces a broad spectrum of radiographic abnormalities. During the primary phase of the disease these include pulmonary consolidation (50%), which often involves the middle or lower lobes or the anterior segment of an upper lobe; cavitation (29%) or pneumatocele formation (12%); segmental or lobar atelectasis (18%); pleural effusion (24%); hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (35%); disseminated miliary disease (6%); and a normal chest radiograph (15%). During the postprimary phase of the disease, common abnormalities include exudative and/or fibroproductive parenchymal densities (100%), predominantly in the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobes (91%); cavitation (45%) with bronchogenic spread of disease (21%); marked fibrotic response in the lungs (29%); and pleural effusion, empyema, and fibrosis (18%, 4%, and 41%, respectively). Upper-lobe masslike lesions are seen occasionally (7%); spontaneous pneumothorax and intrathoracic lymphadenopathy are rare (5% each). Common causes of a missed diagnosis of tuberculosis are (1) failure to recognize hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy as a manifestation of primary disease in adults, (2) exclusion of tuberculosis because disease predominates in or is limited to the anterior segment of an upper lobe or the basilar segment of a lower lobe, (3) overlooking of minimal fibroproductive lesions or reporting them as inactive, (4) failure to recognize that an upper lobe mass surrounded by satellite fibroproductive lesions might be tuberculous, and (5) failure to consider healed sequelae of primary disease or a positive purified protein derivative skin test as contributory to identifying the patient's pulmonary disease. PMID- 3484867 TI - Early esophageal cancer. AB - Early esophageal cancer (EEC) accounted for only seven (4.7%) of 148 cases of esophageal cancer diagnosed at the authors' hospital between 1977 and 1984. Two patients with EEC had squamous cell carcinoma and five had adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's mucosa. All seven patients had associated clinical findings, including low-grade gastrointestinal bleeding (three cases), odynophagia (one case), and chronic reflux symptoms due to underlying reflux esophagitis and Barrett esophagus (three cases). Since Barrett esophagus is a premalignant condition, the high proportion of adenocarcinomas in this series presumably reflects the more frequent radiologic evaluation of symptomatic patients with Barrett esophagus. On esophagography, four patients had 3-4.5-cm polypoid intraluminal masses that could not be distinguished radiographically from advanced esophageal carcinoma. In the other three patients, esophagrams revealed secondary achalasia, irregular flattening of the esophageal wall, and diffuse nodularity of the mucosa. The authors conclude that "early" esophageal cancers are not necessarily small cancers, since they may undergo considerable intraluminal or intramural growth and still be classified histologically as EEC. Radiologists should be aware of these findings, since EEC has an excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival approaching 90%. PMID- 3484868 TI - Radiologic manifestations of early gastric lymphoma. AB - The radiologic features of 12 early gastric lymphomas in six patients were analyzed and correlated with the clinicopathologic findings. One 0.7-cm lesion on the anterior wall of the corpus could not be detected radiologically either prospectively or retrospectively. All tumors were smaller than 7.0 cm (mean, 3.5) and located within the stomach. A frequent finding was localized, slight enlargement of folds with a smooth contour, suggesting submucosal tumor infiltration. These folds were more apparent in the radiograph than in the surgical specimen, and were easily deformed by the compression method or became less prominent in the more distended stomach. Ulcer was demonstrated in all lesions, usually appearing as an unicentral, indefinite shallow depression. Deep, well demarcated ulcer was found in three lesions, and a smooth marginal elevation indicated a submucosal tumor growth. These findings were proven to be helpful in differential diagnosis from carcinoma and peptic diseases. All patients are alive and free of recurrence 15-112 months (mean, 53) after surgical resection. PMID- 3484869 TI - Radiographic appearance of the esophagus and stomach after laser treatment of obstructing carcinoma. AB - Nd:YAG laser therapy is an attractive palliative treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Twenty-five patients with these tumors underwent laser therapy over a 2-year period, receiving a total of 52 courses of therapy with 189 treatments. Treatments per course averaged 3.6, with a mean of two courses per patient. Luminal diameter is increased with this method; symptomatic improvement in dysphagia occurred in all patients after one course of therapy. Radiographic improvement also is seen. The complication rate in this series was four (2.1%) of 189 procedures, consisting of one perforation, one tracheoesophageal fistula, one pneumopericardium, and one pneumoperitoneum without leak. PMID- 3484870 TI - Intussusception in adults. AB - A review of 25 adult patients with intussusception is reported. Intussusception in adults constituted 16.6% of 150 intussusception cases observed during 1956 1985. The underlying pathologic processes were identified in 23 patients (92%). Etiologically, adult intussusception could be categorized into four groups: (1) tumor-related (13 cases, 52%); (2) postoperative (nine cases, 36%); (3) miscellaneous--Meckel diverticulum (one case, 4%); and (4) idiopathic (two cases, 8%). The tumor-related intussusceptions were caused by benign tumors in five and malignant tumors in eight patients. Postoperative intussusceptions were related to various factors including suture lines, ostomy closure sites, adhesions, long intestinal tubes, bypassed intestinal segments, submucosal edema, abnormal bowel motility, electrolyte imbalance, and chronic dilatation of the bowel. The sites of involvement of intussusception were jejunogastric (one), jejunojejunal (seven), ileoileal (four), ileocolic (10), and colocolic (three patients). Four patients had synchronous multiple (ileoileal and jejunojejunal), four had compound (ileoilealcolic), and two had recurrent intussusceptions. When an intussusception is encountered in adults, an underlying pathologic process usually can and should be determined for proper management. PMID- 3484871 TI - Optimal cholangiographic technique for detecting bile duct stones. AB - Twenty-eight patients with proven bile duct stones were evaluated during either operative or T-tube cholangiography. Two radiographs were obtained for each patient without changing patient position between films. The first was performed with low peak kilovoltage (75-80 kVp) and 15% iodinated contrast medium and the second with high kVp (110) and 38% iodinated contrast. Seven radiologists evaluated the radiographs individually and in matched pairs for ductal filling, ductal penetration, motion unsharpness, overall quality, and stone detectability. The high-kVp radiographs were rated significantly better overall than the low-kVp studies (p less than 0.001) for all five criteria. In the second evaluation, which compared the pairs from the same patients, the 28 high-kVp radiographs were considered superior to the 28 low-kVp studies by the radiologists in almost two thirds of the comparisons (ductal filling, 68%; penetration, 59%; less motion unsharpness, 65%; overall quality, 77%; stone detection, 62%). On the basis of the results of this study, high-kVp technique with full-strength contrast medium for operative and T-tube cholangiography is recommended. PMID- 3484872 TI - MRI of normal and pathologic skeletal muscle. AB - Lower extremity skeletal muscle of 22 individuals (five normal volunteers and 17 patients with muscular or neuromuscular diseases) was studied with magnetic resonance imaging. Axial images generated with spin-echo pulse sequences using short repetition times (500-900 msec TR) and short echo times (30-60 msec TE) provided excellent contrast between fat (high signal intensity) and muscle (intermediate signal intensity). Seventeen patients with clinically verified muscle disorders were evaluated in a manner similar to the normal volunteers. Conditions studied include Duchenne muscular dystrophy (three patients), limb girdle muscular dystrophy (five), facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (three), and spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy, cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, and Kearn-Sayre mitochondrial muscle disease (one each). General patterns of muscle abnormality were common among the diseases and included decreased or increased muscle size and a spectrum of muscle replacement by fat. Variable patterns were observed within disease groups and for each patient. Much phosphorus-31 spectroscopy has been performed in a blind fashion with no proton map of normal/abnormal muscle distribution to guide the spectroscopist. This study emphasizes the worth of having a muscle proton map of patients with muscle dysfunction to assure that meaningful phosphorus spectroscopic information is obtained from a volume of tissue limited to an appropriate muscle. PMID- 3484873 TI - Locking and unlocking of the knee: arthrographic demonstration. PMID- 3484874 TI - Percutaneous gastrostomy and gastroenterostomy: 1. Techniques derived from laboratory evaluation. AB - Various techniques, guidance systems, instruments, and the postmortem effects of percutaneous gastrostomy (PG) and percutaneous gastroenterostomy (PGE) were evaluated in 30 laboratory animals and five human cadavers. Methods to distend the stomach included air, fluid, intragastric balloon, and percutaneous needle inflation; a variety of trocar systems and catheters inserted by Seldinger technique (including those adapted from other uses and several designed specifically) were assessed. Fluoroscopy was the preferred guidance system, though sonography proved valuable (liver position, depth calculation to the stomach, localization of vessels to avoid), and the entire PG procedure was performed under sonographic guidance in four animals. Although the procedure was safe in most cases, several major complications did occur: laceration of a low lying liver with exsanguination, malpositioned catheters in the lesser sac and adjacent to the spleen, and violation of the backwall of the stomach with laceration of celiac and splenic vessels. The animals and cadavers underwent autopsy. Autopsy revealed that firm gastrocutaneous tracts were formed by 7 days. There were few instances of wound infection, intraperitoneal fluid leakage, or evidence of trauma to the stomach when the catheters were well seated. Injury to the inferior epigastric artery is a potential hazard, and in cadaver dissections was located between the middle third and outer margin of the rectus abdominis muscle. Laboratory experience has been, and continues to be, an important means to improve and use new techniques for PG and PGE. PMID- 3484875 TI - Percutaneous gastrostomy and gastroenterostomy: 2. Clinical experience. AB - This report describes the authors' initial experience with percutaneous gastrostomy (PG) and gastroenterostomy (PGE) in 40 patients. Indications for PG and PGE included alimentation (35 patients) and small bowel decompression (five). Seldinger technique with air distension of the stomach via a nasogastric tube (20 patients) is a simple method to insert small (7-9 French) and firm catheters; tube exchanges for larger and softer catheters often are necessary by this method (23 procedures in 17 patients). Coaxial trocar technique (19 patients) permits initial insertion of softer and often larger catheters (9-14 French feeding tubes), which are less likely to clog or require exchange; the intragastric balloon support method facilitates trocar insertion. Now preferred is a system that uses 18-gauge needle puncture and allows coaxial insertion of a final soft feeding tube at the initial procedure. Small bowel catheter positioning (PGE) (31 patients) was more common than gastrostomy alone (8 patients); "downhill puncture" toward the gastric antrum assists direct guide-wire cannulation of the duodenum via the gastric puncture (12 patients). Five complications occurred; two were major and included catheter dislodgement in one patient. Another patient, who had a pharyngeal tumor, suffered profound respiratory difficulty from premedication and nasogastric tube malposition; patients with head and neck tumors present particular problems with nasogastric tube passage and airway monitoring. Inability to pass a nasogastric tube does not preclude PG and PGE, as direct puncture of the stomach is feasible. PMID- 3484876 TI - Nonsurgical drainage of appendiceal abscesses. AB - Five patients with abdominal abscesses complicating appendicitis were successfully treated by catheter drainage. In two patients, the percutaneous procedure was performed after incomplete surgical drainage; in three patients it was used as the only means of initial drainage. No interval appendectomy was required and no complications were associated with the procedure. Percutaneous management of appendiceal abscesses can be proposed as an alternative to surgical drainage. PMID- 3484877 TI - Replacing the broken suture in the Cope-style loop retention catheter. PMID- 3484879 TI - Postoperative assessment of splenorenal shunts with MRI: preliminary investigation. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension after selective distal splenorenal shunt for decompression of bleeding esophageal varices. MRI demonstrated the splenorenal anastomosis and patency of the shunt, splenic vein, and left renal vein in each case. Imaging in the transverse plane provided optimal visualization of the shunts. The authors conclude that MRI is a safe, noninvasive technique for the postoperative evaluation of selective distal splenorenal shunts. PMID- 3484878 TI - Radiopaque suspension of polyvinyl alcohol foam for embolization. PMID- 3484880 TI - Detection of the intimal flap of aortic dissection on unenhanced CT images. PMID- 3484881 TI - The in situ saphenous vein bypass graft: radiologic aspects. AB - The use of the in situ saphenous vein for bypassing arterial occlusions in the lower extremities appears to have a higher patency rate than other bypass procedures but presents unique technical problems, such as lysing valves and occluding venous tributaries. Forty-four patients undergoing in situ bypasses had preoperative arteriograms. Special attention was paid to the small runoff vessels around the ankle, which are not suitable for reversed bypass procedures but may be adequate for in situ bypasses. Eight patients also had preoperative saphenous venograms, which revealed surgically important abnormalities in six cases. Postoperative arteriograms obtained within 2 weeks in 10 patients and within 2-12 months in 15 patients revealed persistent arteriovenous fistulas in four patients, stenoses in nine, occlusions in five, and progressive disease in the nonbypassed arteries in five patients. Early recognition of these problems led to 11 surgical repairs; nine repairs used the interventional radiologic procedures of balloon angioplasty, transcatheter embolization, and catheter thrombolysis. In this group of 44 patients, five patients died with patent bypasses and three patients required amputation despite functioning bypasses. Only four amputations were attributed to bypass failure. This low figure may be due to the close cooperation of the vascular surgeons and the vascular radiologists in dealing with these complicated cases. PMID- 3484882 TI - Normal renal growth in children with myelodysplasia. AB - Optimum urologic management of children with myelodysplasia includes periodic assessment of upper tract anatomy and renal growth. To investigate the perception that many children with spina bifida but without a history of intrinsic renal disease have small kidneys when compared with age-matched standard renal growth charts, 212 children with spina bifida were studied retrospectively, measuring renal length on excretory urograms. Patients with known vesicoureteric reflux of grade 2 or greater, congenital renal anomalies, hydronephrosis, renal scarring, or urinary diversion were excluded. For 95 patients aged 2 days to 19 days, 249 urograms were available for evaluation. Renal lengths were measured on the supine 5-min urogram. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each age group. Mean renal length for each age group fell below the mean of the standard curves devised by Hodson and Currarino, with increasing deviation from the mean with age. PMID- 3484883 TI - The presence of parents with their children during imaging procedures. PMID- 3484884 TI - Gallium scintigraphy in American Burkitt lymphoma: accurate assessment of tumor load and prognosis. PMID- 3484885 TI - CT of calcaneal fractures. PMID- 3484886 TI - Midcarpal wrist arthrography. PMID- 3484887 TI - Detection of vesicoureteral reflux in children. PMID- 3484888 TI - Hypertrophied fold or torus hypertrophy? PMID- 3484889 TI - Sacral foraminal lines. PMID- 3484890 TI - Drugs of choice for bacterial meningitis. PMID- 3484891 TI - HLA-DR3 antigen linkage in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - In order to investigate if genetic factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, we determined HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DR specificities in 12 Italian patients affected with the disease and in healthy family members of one of them. HLA-DR3 was found in 50% of patients as compared to 17.1% of normal control subjects (p = 0.023, relative risk = 4.82). The two relatives also had HLA-DR3 antigen and, in addition, showed equivocal signs of hypertrophy at echocardiographic examination. Thus hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is associated with genes in the HLA-DR region, and immunogenetic factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, the minimal target organ abnormalities in "healthy" relatives could represent a subclinical stage of the disease. PMID- 3484893 TI - Hairy cell leukemia still a B cell neoplasm. PMID- 3484892 TI - Effects of bepridil on the electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine and rabbit myocardial fibers. AB - Bepridil hydrochloride is a relatively new calcium antagonist which appears to have a complex pharmacologic profile, but its concentration-response characteristics with respect to its electrophysiologic properties of varying concentrations (0.1 to 10.0 micrograms/ml) of the drug were therefore determined in rabbit and canine myocardial fiber preparations in vitro by standard microelectrode techniques. The following were measured: sinus cycle length (SCL), action potential amplitude (APA), maximum diastolic potential (MDP), threshold potential (TP), slope of phase 4 depolarization, action potential duration (APD), and dV/dtmax of phase O depolarization (Vmax) in rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node. Also measured were APA, membrane resting potential (MRP), Vmax, APD at 50% and 90% repolarization (APD50 and APD90), and effective refractory period (ERP) in rabbit atria and canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. At the lowest concentrations bepridil selectively prolonged SCL by reducing the slope of phase 4 and decreased APA and MDP in a concentration-dependent manner in the sinus node. At higher concentrations, bepridil exerted additional effects in producing concentration-dependent decreases in APA and Vmax in rabbit atria and in canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle. During superfusion with 1.0 micrograms/ml bepridil, Vmax fell by 22.2% (p less than 0.05) in Purkinje fibers and by 11.8% (NS) in ventricular muscle; at 10.0 micrograms/ml, Vmax fell by 46.5% (p less than 0.01), respectively. The depression of Vmax was frequency dependent. There was a differential effect of bepridil on repolarization in Purkinje fibers as compared to that in ventricular muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3484894 TI - Neonatal sepsis due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - From August 1980 through July 1984, 19 neonates had sepsis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Onset of disease occurred within 48 hours after birth of all the neonates. One neonate was born at term and 18 were born prematurely, including seven neonates born before 28 weeks' gestation. Eight neonates and one fetus died, six of them within 24 hours of birth. Acute chorioamnionitis was present in the placentas. Those neonates with the most severe placental inflammation survived while all of those who died had moderate or only mild chorioamnionitis. Acute villitis was noted in the placentas of three neonates who died. Respiratory distress syndrome (in 15 neonates) and pneumonia (in 15 neonates) were noted in 18 liveborn patients. Nine mothers had fever, six of them with genitourinary infections and one with septicemia due to H influenzae. All isolates of H influenzae were submitted for serologic typing and none were typable. In 14 cases, isolates were biotyped yielding eight with biotype II, four with biotype III, and one each with biotypes IV and V. Neonatal sepsis due to nontypable H influenzae is now nearly as common as sepsis due to group B Streptococcus. Both organisms produce diseases with many features in common, especially fulminant courses with respiratory distress and pneumonia, and often have a fatal outcome. PMID- 3484895 TI - Immunodeficiency secondary to structural intestinal defects. Malrotation of the small bowel and cavernous hemangioma of the jejunum. AB - Two patients with gastrointestinal tract abnormalities were discovered to have significant defects in both humoral and cellular immunity. Patient 1, a 4-year old girl with suspected food allergy, failure to thrive, and chronic diarrhea, exhibited a decreased serum IgG immunoglobulin level, decreased numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (erythrocyte rosettes), decreased numbers of T lymphocyte subpopulations (T3+, T4+), decreased responses of lymphocytes to common mitogens, and absent in vivo responses to delayed hypersensitivity skin test antigens. Patient 2, a 3-year-old girl with chronic anemia, presented with immunological abnormalities similar to those of patient 1. On investigation, both patients were found to have significant structural abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Patient 1 had a malrotation of the small bowel, while patient 2 had a cavernous hemangioma of the mid-jejunum. Following surgical correction of the gastrointestinal abnormalities, there was improvement in all immunologic values. By ten to 18 months after surgery, both patients demonstrated normal immunological function. Thus, anatomic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract that mimic more common childhood disorders, such as food allergy and anemia, may produce serious states of secondary immunodeficiency. PMID- 3484896 TI - Study of thymic hormone therapy for histiocytosis X. PMID- 3484897 TI - Mesenteric venous thrombosis as a possible complication of endoscopic sclerotherapy: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of mesenteric venous thrombosis with bowel infarction occurring after endoscopic sclerotherapy are reported. In neither patient was the diagnosis suspected or recognized until the terminal phase of the illness. Clinicians should be aware of this possible association and complication of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, as early diagnosis is critical for patient survival. PMID- 3484898 TI - Hepatitis B epidemiology and its relation to immunogenetic traits in South American Indians. AB - Serologic tests for hepatitis B prevalence and immunogenetic characterizations were carried out on a sample of 800 persons from several isolated tribes of the lower Amazon basin and the southern Andes. The prevalence of hepatitis B antigen carriers and of antibody to the surface antigen varied from one tribe to another, but were high in all the forest tribes. The serologic evidence indicated high infection rates early in life, but also an increasing proportion showing evidence of infection with increasing age. The frequency of past infections was not differentially associated with the antigen status of the mother or father. A higher proportion of infected males than females had antigenemia. Contrary to published reports, no association of antigenemia was found with any HLA-A, B or C antigen or immunoglobulin allotype, individually or interactively. Antibody prevalence, however, did differ in persons with different HLA haplotypes. PMID- 3484899 TI - Deoxythymidine and deoxycytidine incorporation into DNA in B leukemic cells. AB - Measurements of radioactive DNA after incubation of normal and B leukemic peripheral mononuclear cells, from c-ALL and CLL with labeled deoxythymidine (dTh) and deoxycytidine (dCt) showed that for dTh, incorporation into DNA was similar for normal and c-ALL cells but lower in B-CLL cells and that for dCt, incorporation was highest in c-ALL and lowest in CLL cells. These results contrast with those of dTh and dCt kinase activities; the former has been previously found elevated in c-ALL cells, and the latter is found, in the present study, similar in the three groups tested. PMID- 3484900 TI - Successful laser photocoagulation in von Willebrand disease: report of a case with intractable duodenal bleeding. PMID- 3484902 TI - Low incidence of serum neutralizing factors in patients receiving recombinant alfa-2b interferon (Intron A). AB - The development of serum neutralizing factors against recombinant alfa-2b interferon (Intron A) was reviewed in a large clinical experience. In 537 patients receiving systemic therapy, neutralizing factors developed in only 13 (2.4 percent). In 1,326 patients who received intranasal administration and 154 with intralesional administration, the incidence was less than 1 percent. Patients in whom antibody developed had no predisposing characteristics that could be identified, no particular types of patients with cancer had a high rate of neutralizing factors, and two of 10 patients with cancer in whom neutralizing factor developed were still able to show clinical responses. In patients in whom neutralizing factor was present, there was no discernible difference in the incidence or severity of interferon side effects as compared with patients who had no demonstrable neutralizing factor levels. This form of recombinant alpha-2 interferon appears to have a very low antigenic potential. PMID- 3484901 TI - Comparison of idiopathic and systemic lupus erythematosus-associated membranous glomerulonephropathy in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. AB - This retrospective multicenter study has revealed 68 children with membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN), accounting for 5.5% of all patients (pts) with nephrotic syndrome who were biopsied during the period of study. The total group includes 54 pts with idiopathic MGN (IMGN), 10 with lupus MGN (LMGN), and 4 who were ANA-positive but had no other features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Renal biopsies were examined by light (LM), immunofluorescent (IF), and electron microscopy (EM), and the findings compared with clinical features within and between the IMGN and LMGN groups. The LMGN pts tended to be more frequently female and older, and differed significantly from the IMGN pts by being more frequently hypocomplementemic (70% v 4%, p less than 0.001), and having higher levels of total serum protein (6.6 +/- 1.2 v 5.1 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.03), and serum albumin (2.9 +/- 0.7 v 2.2 +/- 0.8, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or the frequency of hypertension or hematuria between the two groups. Pathologic features that differed between LMGN and IMGN included diffuse mesangial hypercellularity (44% v 7%, p = 0.01), glomerular electron-dense subendothelial deposits (78% v 13%, p = 0.001), and mesangial deposits (100% v 31%, p = 0.002). The frequency of focal mesangial hypercellularity and of mesangial sclerosis, tubulointerstitial disease, and frequency of glomerular immunoreactants did not differ between the groups. Limited follow-up of the pts has revealed no difference in outcome between the IMGN and LMGN pts. We conclude that differentiation between IMGN and LMGN in children, as in adults, may be difficult on pathologic grounds alone and that the separation can only be made by established clinical and laboratory criteria of SLE. PMID- 3484903 TI - Influence of sequential doses of 5-hydroxytryptophan on prolactin release. AB - It is known that the administration of serotonin or its precursors induces the release of prolactin. This study was performed (1) to determine the minimal dose of 5-hydroxytryptophan that would produce a consistent and significant prolactin increase and (2) to establish the frequency of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration necessary to induce a persistent prolactin increase. Nine normal male subjects participated in 27 independent studies following pretreatment with 100 mg of carbidopa given every 8 hours for 2 days. Doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg/hr of 5-hydroxytryptophan were initially infused for 30 minutes, and serum prolactin was measured every 15 minutes for 2 1/2 hours. The urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/creatinine ratio was determined in aliquots collected during 3 hours before, during, and after the intravenous infusion. 5-Hydroxytryptophan at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg/hr was the minimal amount to elicit a consistent and significant prolactin increase (p less than 0.01). A positive correlation (r = 0.907, p less than 0.002) was also demonstrated between the maximal prolactin response and the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/creatinine ratio. Thus 0.4 mg/kg/hr of 5 hydroxytryptophan was administered sequentially three times at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours. With exception of the 12-hour interval a significantly smaller plasma prolactin increase was seen following the third dose of 5 hydroxytryptophan (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the nadir for this diminished prolactin response occurred at 4 hours (p less than 0.01). This phenomenon may represent a down regulation of the serotonin receptors induced by the repetitive administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a dose-related prolactin response to increasing doses of 5-hydroxytryptophan. The maximum down regulation of prolactin release occurred when 5-hydroxytryptophan was administered at 4-hour intervals. PMID- 3484904 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - In a prospective investigation of 54 consecutive cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, conducted over a two-year period, immunologic evaluations included enumeration of T lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin levels. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurred with frequent ocular complications in a subgroup of adults distinguishable by their young age, the presence of AIDS-risk factors, alterations in T-cell subpopulations, and polyclonal increases of serum gammaglobulin. Over the study duration, 21% (three of 14) of the AIDS-risk subgroup patients have developed AIDS with a 14% (two of 14) mortality. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in AIDS-risk group members appeared to be an early clinical marker for the immune deficiency induced by AIDS retroviral infection. PMID- 3484905 TI - The middle fossa transpetrous approach to the anterior-superior cerebellopontine angle. AB - We present a new approach to the skull base, medial and superior to the internal auditory canal, for tumors involving the anterior-superior cerebellopontine angle, petrous apex, and clivus. This approach is accomplished through a middle fossa craniotomy and involves removal of the bone anterior and medial to the internal auditory canal and medial to the cochlea and carotid artery. It combines the advantages of complete tumor removal, low mortality rate, and hearing preservation. PMID- 3484907 TI - Transmastoid labyrinthectomy. AB - Labyrinthectomy is an effective technique in the surgical treatment of vertigo. We believe that the transmastoid approach is the most direct method of vestibular ablation. This technique provides direct visualization of vestibular neuroepithelium and allows for positive identification of the facial nerve. Vertigo was successfully controlled by this method in thirty-seven (97%) of thirty-eight patients. PMID- 3484906 TI - Retrolabyrinthine surgery: anatomy and pathology. AB - Retrolabyrinthine surgery is done to expose the cerebellopontine angle directly through the ear. It is indicated when the hearing in the ear to be operated upon is useful. The surgical technique entails four steps: complete mastoidectomy, extended posterior exposure of the sigmoid sinus, exposure of the posterior fossa dura, and exposure of the cerebellopontine angle. Retrolabyrinthine exposure of the cerebellopontine angle is indicated in tic douloureux, atypical facial pain, and hemifacial spasm. Recently, this approach has been used for sectioning the vestibular nerve, exploration of the posterior fossa to obtain a diagnosis, subtotal resection of large cerebellopontine angle tumors, and for the treatment of other cranial nerve problems. The histopathologic findings in the temporal bones of two patients who underwent retrolabyrinthine removal of cerebellopontine angle masses were reviewed. In one, subtotal resection of an acoustic tumor was attempted to preserve hearing in the presence of a bilateral tumor, with no adverse effect on the middle or inner ear. In the second, retrolabyrinthine exploration of the cerebellopontine angle was done for primary cholesteatoma, and operative injury to the nonampullated end of the posterior semicircular canal was noted. Retrolabyrinthine subtotal resection of large acoustic tumors is advocated in bilateral cases and in elderly persons to delay the inevitable loss of hearing by decompression and partial removal of the tumor mass. In primary cholesteatoma of the cerebellopontine exploration may be indicated to obtain a definitive diagnosis before surgical extirpation of the disease is planned. PMID- 3484909 TI - Nutrient intake and supplementation in the United States (NHANES II). AB - Data from the second United States Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) suggest that almost 35 per cent of the US population 18 to 74 years of age takes vitamin/mineral supplements regularly. Both higher nutrient intake and use of vitamin supplementation are associated with older ages, higher income, higher education level, and White race. Accounting for differences associated with sex, age, race, income, and education, persons with higher nutrient intakes remain more likely to take vitamin supplements. PMID- 3484908 TI - Longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in youth: the Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Tobacco use was studied during 1977-76 (n = 2880) and 1981-82 (n = 2158) in a total biracial community of children, aged 8-17 years, in Bogalusa, Louisiana. White males were the early adopters of tobacco products in both surveys. Cigarette smoking decreased in all race and gender groups while smokeless tobacco use increased in White males. Studies which find a decline in male adolescent smoking should investigate a possible concurrent increase in smokeless tobacco. PMID- 3484910 TI - Proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Between July 1973 and October 1984, we performed proctectomy either as part of a primary proctocolectomy or as a secondary staged procedure in 388 patients with ulcerative colitis and in 39 patients with Crohn's disease. The proctectomies were performed using a two-team synchronous approach. An intersphincteric or perimuscular technique was employed. All perineal wounds were closed and drained by suction drainage and the pelvic peritoneum was closed in all cases. Two patients died in the early postoperative period, one from a pulmonary embolus and one from sepsis. Three patients had to be reexplored for postoperative hemorrhage, in all cases from a branch of the superior hemorrhoidal artery. Postoperative perineal hematoma developed in two patients and perineal abscess developed in four patients which necessitated opening of the perineal skin wound. Nonhealing of the perineal wound occurred in 3 of 388 patients with ulcerative colitis and in 5 of 39 patients with Crohn's disease. No perineal dehiscence or hernias were seen. Postoperatively, one man was permanently impotent and two had prolonged but temporary impotence. Three patients had retrograde ejaculation at last follow-up. PMID- 3484911 TI - Long-term survival after emergency portacaval shunting for bleeding varices in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Since 1963, a prospective evaluation of the emergency portacaval shunt procedure has been conducted in 264 unselected patients with cirrhosis and bleeding varices who underwent operation within 8 hours of admission to the emergency department. Of 153 patients who underwent operation 10 or more years ago, 45 (29 percent) have survived from 10 to 22 years and their current status is known. On admission, 40 percent of the long-term survivors had jaundice, 44 percent had ascites, 13 percent had encephalopathy (with an additional 9 percent with a history of encephalopathy), 29 percent had severe muscle wasting, and 82 percent had a hyperdynamic state. There were 9 Child's class A patients, 33 Child's class B patients, and 3 Child's class C patients. At operation, all patients had portal hypertension which was reduced by the shunt to a mean corrected free portal pressure of 18 mm saline solution. The emergency portacaval shunt procedure permanently controlled variceal bleeding. None of the patients bled again from varices, and the shunt remained patent throughout life in every patient. Encephalopathy did not affect 91 percent of the patients, but was a recurrent problem in 9 percent, usually related to the use of alcohol. Lifelong abstinence from alcohol occurred in 58 percent of the long-term survivors, but 11 percent resumed regular drinking and 31 percent consumed alcohol occasionally. Liver function declined compared with preoperative function in only 18 percent of the patients, almost always because of alcohol use. Ten years after operation, 73 percent of the patients were in excellent or good condition, and 68 percent were gainfully employed or engaged in full-time housework. Comparison of the 10 to 22 year survivors with our early group of 180 patients reported previously and our recent group of 84 patients showed no significant differences in preoperative or operative data. The single factor that appeared to influence long-term survival was resumption of regular use of alcohol. We conclude that the emergency portacaval shunt procedure, by preventing hemorrhage from varices, results in prolonged survival and an acceptable quality of life for a substantial number of patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 3484912 TI - Esophageal transection and paraesophagogastric devascularization for bleeding esophageal varices. AB - The Sugiura procedure is feasible in an unselected, high risk population of alcoholic patients with cirrhosis who have bleeding esophageal varices and poor hepatic reserve. The Sugiura procedure controlled variceal bleeding in every patient with active bleeding and prevented early rebleeding, however, the operation is tedious, time-consuming, and has a high complication rate related to the thoracic approach. The rate of anastomotic leakage of 8.6 percent (4.8 percent in elective cases) is not as high as might be anticipated, but led to death in every case. The long-term outlook for these patients is poor, and the rebleeding rate of 37 percent in our lowest risk patients is disappointingly high. Similar results can be achieved with simpler procedures. PMID- 3484913 TI - Long-term patency of the mesocaval C shunt. AB - Reports of thrombosis rates as high as 40 percent with the mesocaval H shunt led us to review our results with the mesocaval C shunt in 33 consecutive patients. Their ages ranged from 23 to 69 years (mean 50 +/- 12 years). There were 21 male and 12 female patients. The causes of portal hypertension included alcoholic cirrhosis in 13 patients, primary biliary cirrhosis in 6 patients, postnecrotic cirrhosis in 6 patients, cryptogenic cirrhosis in 3 patients, the Budd-Chiari syndrome in 4 patients, and portal vein thrombosis in 1 patient. Twelve patients were in Child's class A, 8 were in Child's class B, and 13 were in Child's class C. Operative mortality was 24 percent (8 of 33 patients) but occurred only in class C patients under nonelective conditions. Shunt patency was determined by one or more of the following: autopsy, angiography, and a lack of recurrent varices or hemorrhage. Autopsies were performed in 12 patients from 1 week to 72 months after operation. All 12 C shunts were widely patent. Angiography was performed in 13 patients from 1 to 38 months postoperatively. All 13 C shunts were patent; however, 2 eventually stenosed and attempts at ballon angioplasty were only moderately successful. Follow-up to time of death or to date was possible in 24 of 25 survivors, and ranged from 3 to 123 months. Evidence of recurrent varices, variceal hemorrhage, or both developed in only two patients (2 of 24, 8 percent), both of whom had stenosed shunts. PMID- 3484914 TI - Prevention of alterations in postoperative lymphocyte subpopulations by cimetidine and ibuprofen. AB - Surgical procedures probably result in a temporary state of immunosuppression. Identification of functional lymphocyte subclasses using appropriate monoclonal antibodies appears to serve as a sensitive, accurate, and reproducible measure of immune status in patients in many disease states. Using monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte surface markers and immunofluorescent assay, we quantitated lymphocyte subpopulations in patients undergoing surgical procedures. Cholecystectomy, colon surgery, and coronary bypass procedures all resulted in postoperative decreases in helper and inducer populations and increases in cytotoxic suppressor populations, with resultant depressions in the helper to suppressor lymphocyte ratio. Studies in an additional group of patients who underwent cholecystectomy demonstrated that these changes could be prevented by perioperative administration of ibuprofen and cimetidine. These results suggest that prostaglandins and histamines are involved in immunoregulatory events after major operation. The ability of specific pharmacologic therapy to prevent alterations in lymphocyte populations suggest that postoperative immunity may be preserved, hopefully leading to greater host resistance against infection and tumor dissemination. PMID- 3484915 TI - Qualitative evaluation of coronary flow during anesthetic induction using thallium-201 perfusion scans. AB - Qualitative distribution of coronary flow using thallium-201 perfusion scans immediately postintubation was studied in 22 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Ten patients received a thiopental (4 mg/kg) and halothane induction. Twelve patients received a fentanyl (100 micrograms/kg) induction. Baseline thallium-201 perfusion scans were performed 24 h prior to surgery. These scans were compared with the scans performed postintubation. A thallium-positive scan was accepted as evidence of relative hypoperfusion. Baseline hemodynamic and ECG data were obtained prior to induction of anesthesia. These data were compared with the data obtained postintubation. Ten patients developed postintubation thallium-perfusion scan defects (thallium-positive scan), even though there was no statistical difference between their baseline hemodynamics and hemodynamics at the time of intubation. There was no difference in the incidence of thallium-positive scans between those patients anesthetized by fentanyl and those patients anesthetized with thiopental-halothane. The authors conclude that relative hypoperfusion, and possibly ischemia, occurred in 45% of patients studied, despite stable hemodynamics, and that the incidence of these events was the same with two different anesthetic techniques. PMID- 3484916 TI - Pulmonary artery catheter migration during cardiac surgery. PMID- 3484917 TI - Effect of ventilation on baseline pulmonary artery temperature. PMID- 3484918 TI - Assessment of IgE-mediated sensitivity during immunotherapy: comparison of the RAST with and without adsorption of IgG to titrated prick skin tests. AB - The effect of specific IgG induced by allergy immunotherapy on specific IgE binding in the RAST was assessed by removal of the IgG with staphylococcus protein A bound to Sepharose. In sera from those patients with the highest titers of specific IgG, RAST binding was increased 8% following adsorption of the post immunotherapy sera while in sera obtained from the same patients before immunotherapy adsorption increased binding only 3%. The effect of allergy immunotherapy on the titrated prick skin test was compared to the effect on the RAST to the same allergen. In nine patients who received the highest dose of grass extract, the area of the titrated prick skin tests was reduced following immunotherapy by 75%. Staphylococcus protein-A adsorption of sera from these patients drawn before immunotherapy resulted in an increase in RAST binding of 2.7% compared to an increase of 6% in sera obtained after immunotherapy, suggesting suppression of RAST binding of only 3% by specific IgG. It is concluded that RAST levels are affected less than prick skin tests by the immunologic response to allergy immunotherapy. Some interference in RAST binding is produced by specific IgG antibody in high titers, but for many critical purposes the degree of interference is not significant. PMID- 3484919 TI - Allergenic and immunogenic components of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. AB - The house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, was fractionated by a Sephadex G 200 column. Its allergenic (IgE-reacting) and immunogenic (IgG-reacting) components were investigated. By means of skin test, the molecular weight (MW) of major allergenic components of mite was found to be approximately 9,000 to 21,000 daltons. Immunogenic components were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using each fraction as an antigen and mice plasma and human serum as antibodies. With mouse plasma, high IgG antibody titers were observed in fractions that contained the part of the mite with high MW (greater than 150,000). With human sera, high IgG antibody titers were observed in fractions that contained the part of the mite with MW more than 30,000. Heterogeneity of human IgG antibody responses against mite antigen was also suggested. PMID- 3484920 TI - RAST-specific IgE in Nigerian asthmatic patients. AB - This first study of the pattern of allergen-specific IgE in Nigerian asthmatic patients in Zaria shows a significant percentage with specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronnyssinus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass). Total serum IgE varied in both urban and rural asthmatics with a pattern of low and high levels in all groups. PMID- 3484921 TI - Sputum examination for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - The diagnostic utility of sputum examination in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia secondary to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has so far not been determined. Sputum was induced in 43 patients with AIDS or suspected AIDS just prior to fiberoptic bronchoscopy, scheduled because of an unexplained pulmonary infiltrate on a chest radiograph. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by sputum examination and/or by a bronchoscopic procedure in 20 patients. Of these, sputum samples were positive for Pneumocystis organisms in 11 (55%) of 20 patients tested, bronchial washings were positive in 11 (79%) of 14 patients tested, brush biopsies were positive in 9 (53%) of 17 patients tested, and transbronchial lung biopsies were positive in 18 (90%) of 20 patients tested. The presence of P. carinii cysts in sputum did not correlate with the presence of alveolar macrophages in sputum nor with the volume of sputum. Sputum examination for P. carinii organisms, employed as a first diagnostic step in patients with AIDS with pulmonary infiltrates, may frequently obviate the need for bronchoscopy. PMID- 3484922 TI - Surgical management of bleeding esophageal varices. Results with 80 cases. AB - This report presents results of surgery for bleeding esophageal varices in 80 patients. A prospective randomized study addresses the efficacy of the distal splenorenal shunt (DS) versus the mesocaval shunt (MS) in 50 patients undergoing elective surgery. An additional 30 patients underwent emergency MS for uncontrollable hemorrhage. In the elective series, patients averaged "B" according to Child's Classification. Operative mortality rates were similar (5%). Incidences of encephalopathy were also similar (10%). Those patients undergoing MS experienced an overall operative mortality of 9 per cent, which included emergency shunts (operative mortality 13%). This latter figure is the lowest in the world's literature. Our technique of mesocaval shunting emphasizes short (mean, 3.8-cm) and wide (mean, 21.5-mm) cloth prostheses. Utilizing this approach, we have been able to reduce operative portal venous pressure from a mean (x +/- SE) of 40.1 +/- 1.9 to 13.1 +/- 0.6 cm H2O. The latter value correlated inferior vena caval pressure, 11.8 +/- 0.6 and central venous pressure (recorded by the anesthesiologist) 11.4 +/- 0.5 cm H2O. This is the highest reduction (67%) in portal pressure thus far recorded and reflects our emphasis upon meticulous and extensive dissection of the involved structures. The former minimizes blood loss, which in our hands has been minimal (0.45 +/- 0.18 units per case), reducing the threat of further liver damage; the latter facilitates the "optimal shunt," one which returns portal venous pressure to normal. PMID- 3484923 TI - Influence of atrioventricular synchrony on hemodynamics in patients with normal and low ejection fractions following open heart surgery. AB - The authors wished to test the hypothesis that atrioventricular synchrony has a relatively greater effect on hemodynamic parameters in postoperative patients with low ejection fractions compared to those with normal ejection fractions. Temporary pacing wires were placed on the right atrium and right ventricle of patients undergoing open heart surgery. Duplicate thermodilution cardiac outputs were determined during atrial pacing and ventricular pacing at 100 beats/min. Mean left atrial and systemic blood pressures were monitored. Thirteen patients with ejection fractions of 45 per cent or less (range 24 to 45%, mean 37.3%) were included in the low ejection fraction group, and 27 patients with ejection fractions of 59 per cent or greater (range 59 to 80%, mean 66.8%) were considered in the normal ejection fraction group. All hemodynamic parameters improved significantly when changing from ventricular pacing to atrial pacing in both the normal ejection fraction group and low ejection fraction group (P less than 0.05). The magnitude of change between the groups showed no significant difference for all parameters except left atrial pressure, which decreased by a greater percentage in the low ejection fraction group with atrial pacing (P less than 0.001). The atrial contribution to hemodynamic enhancement is important in patients with normal and low ejection fraction following open heart surgery. Patients with low ejection fractions do not sustain a relatively greater reduction in cardiac output, stroke volume index, or systemic blood pressure with loss of atrioventricular synchrony when compared to patients with normal ejection fractions. PMID- 3484924 TI - Pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3484925 TI - Guidelines on new anti-rheumatic drugs. PMID- 3484926 TI - Endoscopic laser treatment for gastrointestinal vascular ectasias. AB - Forty-three patients with recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular ectasias had endoscopic treatment with either an argon or a neodymium-YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser. Although 22 patients had some rebleeding, only 6 patients required resection for recurrent hemorrhage not controlled by laser treatments. Overall, the number of blood transfusions per patient decreased significantly (p less than 0.0001) when calculated for 6-month periods before and after initial laser treatments (1.5 +/- 0.2 U/month compared to 0.5 +/- 0.1 U/month). Rebleeding after the initial laser treatment was significantly more likely in patients with upper gastrointestinal ectasias than in patients with colonic lesions only (p less than 0.005). PMID- 3484927 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: B-cell lymphoma, histoplasmosis, and ethics and economics. PMID- 3484928 TI - Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ataxia. PMID- 3484929 TI - Reference values for serial vestibular testing. AB - This study defines the normal limits of day-to-day variation in vestibular function. A short-acting caloric test was used and nystagmus intensity was measured by means of an interactive computerized technique. Data were analyzed from 30 normal subjects tested on three successive days and from ten of these subjects who were also tested on 11 additional occasions. Individual caloric test scores generally remained between 55% and 170% of their initial value; narrower ranges resulted when scores were averaged together. There was very little habituation of caloric responses. The upper normal limits of test-retest variation in scores for right-left difference and directional preponderance of caloric responses were 24% and 22%, respectively. PMID- 3484930 TI - Age differences in intercorrelations between regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. AB - Patterns of cerebral metabolic intercorrelations were compared in the resting state in 15 healthy young men (ages 20 to 32 years) and 15 healthy elderly men (ages 64 to 83 years). Controlling for whole-brain glucose metabolism, partial correlation coefficients were determined between pairs of regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose determined by positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and obtained in 59 brain regions. Compared with the young men, the elderly men had fewer statistically significant correlations, with the most notable reductions observed between the parietal lobe regions, and between the parietal and frontal lobe regions. These results suggest that cerebral functional interactions are reduced in healthy elderly men. PMID- 3484931 TI - Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia: studies with positron emission tomography. AB - Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia is a degenerative syndrome selectively affecting dominant hemisphere language areas. We report changes in regional glucose metabolism measured by positron emission tomography in two patients with this condition. Striking abnormalities of glucose utilization in the left cerebral cortex were demonstrated in both patients. The findings of other neurodiagnostic studies were relatively unremarkable. The first patient had a 3-year history of progressive anomia and impaired auditory verbal recall. An electroencephalogram was normal, and computed tomography showed mild left perisylvian atrophy. Positron emission tomography revealed profound hypometabolism in the left temporal regions. The second patient also had a 3-year history of progressive anomia. Electroencephalography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were normal. Positron emission tomography showed a major reduction in left parietal glucose utilization, with a lesser decrement in left temporal metabolism. Neither patient demonstrated significant contralateral or global abnormalities such as those reported in positron emission tomographic studies of Alzheimer's disease with or without focal clinical features. These observations support the concept of adult-onset progressive aphasia without dementia as a clinical syndrome distinct from Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3484932 TI - Phorbol diester treatment promotes enhanced adenylate cyclase activity in frog erythrocytes. AB - Incubation of intact frog erythrocytes with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor-promoting phorbol diester which activates protein kinase C, results in an approximate two- to threefold increase in subsequently tested beta adrenergic agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. This increase is due to an elevation in the Vmax of the enzyme rather than to a change in affinity for the agonist. TPA treatment of frog erythrocytes does not alter the affinity (KD) or the binding capacity (Bmax) for the beta-adrenergic antagonist [125I]cyanopindolol. In addition, agonist/[125I]cyanopindolol competition curves are not affected by TPA pretreatment nor is their sensitivity to guanine nucleotides. Incubation of frog erythrocyte membranes alone with TPA does not promote sensitization or activation of adenylate cyclase activity. Pretreatment of intact frog erythrocytes with TPA also produces approximately two- to threefold increases in basal, guanine nucleotide-, prostaglandin E1-, forskolin-, NaF-, and MnCl2-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in frog erythrocyte membranes. This enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity by TPA is induced rapidly (t1/2 approximately equal to 5 min) and with an EC50 of about 10(-7) to 10(-6) M. Other tumor-promoting phorbol diesters or phorbol diester-like compounds including 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 4 beta-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate, and mezerein are effective in promoting enhanced adenylate cyclase activity. In contrast, phorbols such as 4 beta-phorbol, 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate, and 4-O-methylphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which are inactive in tumor promotion and which do not activate protein kinase C, do not affect frog erythrocyte adenylate cyclase activity. These data are suggestive of a protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of one of the adenylate cyclase components that is distal to the receptor, i.e., the nucleotide regulatory and/or catalytic components. PMID- 3484933 TI - [A case of adult T-cell leukemia responding to recombinant interferon-beta (GKT beta)]. AB - Interferon-beta (GKT-beta) was administered to a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), presumably of acute type, with a marked organ infiltration and increases in serum calcium, LDH and bilirubin. The therapy produced a fall in the number of peripheral blood abnormal lymphocytes, disappearance of jaundice, reduction in the degree of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and a remarkable improvement of general condition with a performance status of grade 3 improving to grade 1. The response has been maintained for more than seven months. Dose, schedule and criteria for drug discontinuation are matters for further investigation. PMID- 3484934 TI - Rubella-associated arthritis. II. Relationship between circulating immune complex levels and joint manifestations. AB - The role played by raised circulating immune complex (CIC) levels in the pathogenesis of rubella-associated joint reactions has been assessed during the course of RA 27/3 rubella immunisation and epidemic wild rubella infection. CIC levels were evaluated by C1q microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Raji cell ELISA techniques. Mean CIC levels were generally higher both before and after immunisation among individuals developing vaccine-associated arthritis than among those developing arthralgia or no joint symptoms. However, these differences reached statistical significance only with CIC (Raji) techniques at six and 12 weeks postimmunisation. The proportion of individuals within each group having raised CIC levels (greater than or equal to 2SD above normal control values) was also higher in the postvaccine arthritis group, though statistically significant differences were not found with either Raji or C1q techniques. These data do not support a direct role for raised CIC levels in the pathogenesis of rubella-associated arthritis or arthralgia. PMID- 3484935 TI - HLA haplotype sharing by siblings with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for genetic heterogeneity. AB - HLA haplotype sharing was studied in 35 sibships in which there were two or more members with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Haplotype sharing RA siblings was random in 15 sibships which included members with clinical or immunological features of autoimmune thyroid disease. In the remaining 20 'non-thyroid' sibships the frequencies of RA siblings sharing 0, 1, or 2 haplotypes were 0.04, 0.48, and 0.48 respectively (p = 0.006). 67% of RA probands in the 'thyroid' families and 90% in the other families were HLA-DR4 positive. It is suggested that there is genetic heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of RA with at least two independent genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) predisposing to RA. One gene is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4, while results of comparison of DR antigen frequencies in DR4 negative RA and control groups suggest that the other is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR1 and 3. In the thyroid disease families both genes are frequently present and as either may predispose to arthritis, HLA haplotype sharing is random. The frequencies of HLA haplotype sharing in the 'non thyroid' families suggest that there is a dominant susceptibility gene in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4, whose frequency is 5% and penetrance about 20%. PMID- 3484936 TI - HLA-B27 associated reactive spondyloarthropathies in a Dutch military hospital. AB - Forty-two male patients with reactive spondyloarthropathies in a Dutch military hospital are described with mean age of onset 21.9 years. Peripheral arthritis or sacroiliitis was present in all, eye symptoms in 21 (50%), and genitourinary disease in 15 (35.7%). Evidence of antecedent sexually acquired or enterocolitic infection was found only in three (7.2%). HLA-B27 antigen was detected in 34 (81%) of 42 patients. Additional data suggest that reactive spondyloarthropathies are the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in young men. PMID- 3484938 TI - Coronary bypass surgery early after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. AB - The safety of coronary bypass operations after coronary reperfusion with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction is not well documented. Therefore we studied 23 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.5 years; 22 men) undergoing bypass operations a median of 5 days (range, 1 to 23 days) after thrombolysis (streptokinase). The control group consisted of 169 concurrent patients of similar mean age (58.8 years) having bypass operations for standard indications. The preoperative angiographic ejection fraction was 68 +/- 14% in the control patients and 61 +/- 14% in the streptokinase group (p less than 0.05). The number of diseased vessels (70% stenosis or greater) averaged 2.6 in control and 2.3 in streptokinase patients. A previous myocardial infarction had occurred in 42% of the controls and all of the streptokinase patients. Aortic cross-clamp times did not differ between the two groups (80 +/- 35 minutes for the controls and 68 +/- 25 minutes for the streptokinase group). Cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar: 108 +/- 45 minutes in the controls versus 109 +/- 28 minutes in the streptokinase group. Grafts per patient averaged 3.7 +/- 1.5 for the controls versus 2.8 +/- 1.1 for the streptokinase patients (p less than 0.01). Difficult operative hemostasis was noted in 4% of both groups. Inotropic support was given postoperatively to 11% of the control and 13% of the streptokinase patients (p = not significant). Measured blood loss during the first 48 hours postoperatively was similar, averaging 809 ml in controls and 776 ml in the streptokinase group. Blood product replacement was also comparable: mean, 713 ml in the control group versus 759 ml in the streptokinase group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3484937 TI - HLA-B27 associated cross-reactive marker on the cells of New Zealand patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - We have previously shown that antibodies raised in rabbits to certain enteric bacteria will specifically lyse, in a 51Cr release assay, the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 80% of HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (B27+ AS+) but not the PBL of HLA-B27 positive normal controls (B27+ AS-). Other laboratories have been unable to reproduce these findings. This study was designed to ascertain whether this lack of reproducibility was due to a peculiarity of our B27+ AS+ patients or to technical difficulties in the complement mediated 51Cr release assay. We have shown in this blind study that the PBL of 16 out of 18 B27+ AS+ patients from a New Zealand population were lysed by our antisera but none of the PBL of 20 B27+ AS- normal controls were lysed. The phenomenon of 'cross reactivity' between certain enteric bacteria and B27+ AS+ PBL is not confined to the Sydney AS population. PMID- 3484939 TI - A comparison of pulmonary function tests for postthoracotomy pain using cryoanalgesia and transcutaneous nerve stimulation. AB - The beneficial effects of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) and cryoanalgesia for post-thoracotomy pain were compared against each other and against a control group through pulmonary function testing in the immediate and delayed postoperative period. Patients receiving cryoanalgesia did not perform well in the first 24 hours after operation. However, by the fifth postoperative day, they did as well as or even better than the TNS patients. Both cryoanalgesia and TNS were significantly effective in the management of postoperative pain as compared with controls. PMID- 3484940 TI - Serum osteocalcin concentrations in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Total body scintiscans, serum alkaline phosphatase estimations, and serum osteocalcin radioimmunoassays were performed in 49 consecutive patients with Paget's disease of bone. Eleven were receiving calcitonin (salmon synthetic) at the time of the study. The serum alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated in all but one patient, with the highest value almost 50 times the upper limit of the reference range. Serum osteocalcin concentrations were elevated in 53% of patients and normal in the rest. The highest serum osteocalcin value was 4.2 times the upper limit of the reference range. The correlation coefficient between the extent of skeletal involvement and serum osteocalcin level was .70, while that between skeletal involvement and serum alkaline phosphatase level was .55. In spite of the better correlation between bone scintiscans and serum osteocalcin level, osteocalcin measurements are diagnostically less useful than serum alkaline phosphatase estimations in patients with Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 3484941 TI - Single-dose antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections and type II error. PMID- 3484942 TI - The bone marrow biopsy. A diagnostic strategy. AB - Recent technical advances have dramatically improved the diagnostic information available from a properly prepared bone marrow biopsy specimen. The most important of these is the ability to perform both enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures on the bone marrow biopsy specimen. These techniques make it possible to apply marker studies to all leukemias, including those with marrows that cannot be aspirated, and to focal lesions that may not be present in aspirated material. This review outlines the optimal use of the bone marrow biopsy as a tool in the evaluation of human bone marrow. PMID- 3484943 TI - Alterations in exogenous substrate metabolism in sepsis. AB - Metabolic rates and substrate utilization patterns were evaluated by using a rate cecal ligation and perforation model. Animals that survived for 48 hours after the induction of sepsis were hypermetabolic and responded appropriately to varying exogenous substrate infusions. In contrast, animals that did not survive to 48 hours were premorbidly hypometabolic and failed to adjust their oxidation patterns in response to the exogenous substrate supply. These findings suggest the benefit of individually tailoring the supply of exogenous nutrients in critically ill patients with sepsis and of frequent reassessment of metabolic parameters, including the resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient. PMID- 3484944 TI - Multiple-organ-failure syndrome. PMID- 3484945 TI - Application of clinically valid cardiac risk factors to aortic aneurysm surgery. AB - The operative outcome of 97 consecutive nonruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysms is analyzed regarding clinically identifiable cardiac risk factors. Clinically evident coronary artery disease was present in 45 patients (46%). Operative mortality was 4% (four cardiac deaths) with an additional 4% nonfatal postoperative myocardial infarction rate. All cardiac complications occurred in patients with clinically evident coronary artery disease, while no mortality occurred in 52 patients lacking a preoperative history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or angina. Preoperative risk factors having a significant negative influence on outcome include a history of prior myocardial infarction and compensated congestive heart failure. Few patients with aneurysms who have clinical evidence of coronary artery disease are indicated for coronary arteriography and bypass prior to aneurysm repair. Furthermore, indications for invasive cardiac screening of the patient with an aneurysm who lacks cardiac symptoms are limited. PMID- 3484947 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Associated clinical disorders and immunological evaluations. AB - We examined the family history and associated diseases in 58 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as the T-cell phenotypes and functions in 46 consecutive patients with this disorder. A family history of thyroid disease was present in 19%, and an additional 21% of patients described family members with other possible autoimmune disorders. In 19% of the patients with ALS either past or present thyroid disease was documented. Eleven of 47 additional patients with ALS had significant elevations of microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibody levels. The T-cell phenotypes and functions were comparable in the ALS and control groups, with the exception of the presence of Ia antigen. In patients with ALS, 11.9% of the T cells were positive for the la antigen, while in both a normal control population and a non-ALS neurologic disease population, only 6.4% of T cells have this antigenic determinant. These data support involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in ALS. PMID- 3484946 TI - Leukocyte aggregation response to quantitative plasma levels of C3a and C5a. AB - Granulocyte aggregation (GA) response has previously been described as a sensitive assay for complement activation in sepsis. Complement component C5a has been implicated as the plasma factor responsible for GA. The quantitative interaction of complement components C3a and C5a with GA, however, is not clearly defined. This study evaluates the relationship of GA responses to plasma levels of C5a and C3a in zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP). The C3a and C5a levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in serial dilutions of ZAP. Granulocyte aggregation responses of normal human leukocytes were determined for each ZAP dilution. The C5a levels in a 1:16 dilution of ZAP were higher than in normal plasma (22 +/- 7 vs 9 +/- 3 ng/mL), as were GA responses (24 +/- 1 vs 11 +/- 2 percentage of maximum light transmission). The C3a levels in a 1:8 dilution of ZAP are elevated above those of normal plasma (656 +/- 167 vs 411 +/- 29 ng/mL). Correlation coefficients were .9809 for C3a vs GA, .9788 for C5a vs G, and .9860 for C3a vs C5a. Complement components C3a and C5a are involved in GA in vitro. Granulocyte aggregometry can detect low levels of activated complement in ZAP but may not be specific for C5a. The relative contribution of C3a and C5a to observed GA is not clear from the data. PMID- 3484948 TI - Color vision defects in early diabetic retinopathy. AB - Four color vision tests were used to assess color vision in 51 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 41 normal controls. Right and left eyes of diabetic patients, selected because they had minimal retinopathy, had significantly more color vision defects than controls on Lanthony desaturated D-15, Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue, and chromagraph tests. The 100-Hue scores were significantly higher in both right and left eyes of diabetic patients than in controls. There were no significant associations between presence or absence of a color vision defect and age, sex, age at onset, duration of diabetes, or its metabolic control. PMID- 3484949 TI - Demonstration that corticotropin-releasing factor binding to rat peripheral tissues is modulated by glucocorticoid treatment in vivo and in vitro. AB - In a recent study we reported the presence of specific binding sites for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in peripheral tissues of the rat (Endocrinology, 116, 2151, 1985). The objective of this study was to determine if CRF binding to peripheral tissues was modified following adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Adult male rats were adrenalectomized and CRF binding to liver, spleen and testicular membranes was determined at 5, 7 or 14 days following adrenalectomy. An additional group of adrenalectomized rats received subcutaneous injections of dexamethasone (75 micrograms/day) for 14 days. Adrenalectomy of rats for 14 days increased CRF binding to liver, kidney, testis, spleen and ventral prostate by approximately 65%-125% above sham-control values. CRF binding to membrane preparations obtained from the pancreas of sham operated rats was undetectable; however, adrenalectomy produced detectable CRF binding in this tissue. Adrenalectomy produced a time-related increase in CRF binding to ventral prostate, spleen and liver tissue. Administration of dexamethasone to adrenalectomized animals prevented increased CRF binding to peripheral tissues observed following adrenalectomy alone. In vitro dexamethasone treatment of prostatic or hepatic homogenates from adrenalectomized rats resulted in a dose-related decrease in CRF binding activity. However, similar in vitro treatment of prostatic or hepatic homogenate with progesterone exhibited no significant effects on CRF binding. Our results suggest that glucocorticoids may be a regulator of peripheral CRF receptors. PMID- 3484951 TI - Effect of a interleukin-1 like factor (mononuclear cell factor) on proteoglycan synthesis in cultured human articular chondrocytes. AB - A partially purified monocyte factor, with Interleukin-1 properties (MCF/IL-1), enhances the proteoglycan synthesis of human neonatal articular chondrocytes in culture, and changes the repartition of these macromolecules between medium and cell layer. The size of the proteoglycan monomers, the length of the glycosaminoglycan chains and the respective levels of chondroitin-6-sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate and non sulfated chondroitin remain unchanged under MCF/IL 1 exposures. The addition of indomethacin reduces the stimulation effect by 60 70% only, suggesting that the MCF/IL-1 action is partially dependent on prostaglandins but seems also related to mechanisms distinct from the cyclooxygenase pathway. PMID- 3484950 TI - Synthesis of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and differentiation-inducing factor (D-factor) by osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-E1. AB - The role of osteoblasts in inducing the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells was examined. Conditioned medium obtained from mouse osteoblastic cell (MC3T3-E1) cultures stimulated colony formation of mouse bone marrow cells (CSF) and differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into macrophage like cells (D-factor). The CSF activity increased time dependently in parallel with the increase of alkaline phosphatase activity during the culturing of the MC3T3-E1 cells. The activity of the D-factor attained a maximum on days 12 - 15 and decreased thereafter. Both the CSF and the D-factor were eluted in a range of 25,000 to 67,000 daltons on gel filtration. The fraction containing both factors exhibited bone-resorbing activity. These results suggest that osteoblasts are involved in bone resorption at least in part by enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors. PMID- 3484952 TI - Investigation of the structure/activity relationship of human calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). AB - The biological activities of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) enzymic digest fragments, chemically modified products and beta-CGRP have been compared to that of intact alpha-CGRP on rat isolated paired atria. Tryptic and chymotryptic digests both produced inactive fragments. Acetylation of the N terminal amino acid (Alanine) or either of Lys 24 or Lys 35, resulted in reduced, but measurable, biological activity. Destruction of the disulphide bridge between Cys 2 and Cys 7 abolished biological activity. Substitution of several amino acids, Asp 3, Val 22 and Asn 25, with Asn, Met and Ser respectively (beta-CGRP), produced a peptide with similar biological activity to alpha-CGRP. PMID- 3484953 TI - Observation of Mg2+.ATP and uncomplexed ATP in slow exchange by 31P-NMR at high magnetic fields. AB - The 31P-NMR lines of the beta-phosphate groups in Mg2+.ATP and in metalfree ATP can be observed separately up to 280 K at 8.5 T and up to 285 K at 11.7 T. At 274 K and 8.5 T the beta-phosphorous resonances are in slow exchange at pH values above pH 5, the gamma-phosphorous resonances are in slow exchange only near pH 6, but in fast exchange at low and high pH-values. The fast exchange condition holds for the alpha-phosphorous resonances over the entire pH-range. For Ca2+.ATP and metalfree ATP always fast exchange prevails down to the freezing point of water even at 11.7 T. Based on the separate observation of the 31P-NMR signals of Mg2+.ATP and uncomplexed ATP new experiments are proposed and possible sources of error in 'in vivo' NMR studies are discussed. PMID- 3484954 TI - Megaloblastic pancytopenia in a patient receiving concurrent methotrexate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. PMID- 3484955 TI - DR2 positivity and response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3484957 TI - Abstracts of scientific presentations. 1985 regional meetings of the American Rheumatism Association. PMID- 3484956 TI - Rheumatic diseases in an Inuit population. AB - Prevalence and incidence rates for rheumatic diseases were found to be minimal among the Inuit people in the Keewatin District of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Patient identification was achieved by a review of medical records. All identified patients were interviewed and examined by a participating rheumatologist. Among women, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, adjusted for age of the Manitoba population, was 1,822 per 100,000 and was comparable with that observed in other populations; no cases of rheumatoid arthritis in men were confirmed. The age-adjusted prevalence of osteoarthritis, 1,219 per 100,000 in men and 2,144 per 100,000 in women, was apparently low. A moderately high incidence of Reiter's syndrome, 24.9 per 100,000, was found. The findings in children suggested a high frequency of seronegative spondylarthropathies (yearly incidence 60.1 per 100,000), although the adjusted yearly incidence for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis also appeared to be high, 23.6 per 100,000. The frequencies of HLA antigens in patient groups were compared with those found in 19 patients with musculoskeletal complaints but no rheumatic disease. Both HLA-B27 and HLA DR4 appeared to be common in these controls, 36.8% and 63.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, there was a higher frequency of HLA-B27 in patients with seronegative spondylarthropathies (87%) than in controls (P = 0.001). Because of the small numbers of patients who had rheumatoid arthritis, no associations with HLA were made for this condition. Although the findings suggest differences in the distribution of rheumatic diseases compared with those found in other populations, more complete studies are required to confirm these observations. PMID- 3484959 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of temporal bone and cerebellopontine angle lesions. AB - Lesions of the temporal bone and cerebellopontine angle present a diagnostic challenge because of the complex anatomy, multiplicity of lesions, and difficulty in imaging the dense bone of this area. Magnetic resonance imaging, a new, nonionizing imaging modality, dependent on monitoring a radiofrequency signal emitted by excited nuclei in an external magnetic field, has shown promise in imaging of the temporal bone and posterior fossa. PMID- 3484958 TI - Comparison of plasma lipids, lipoproteins and dyslipoproteinemia in Israel and the United States. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. AB - Based on the common study design, protocol, and laboratory techniques used by the Lipid Research Clinics (LRCs), the study reported here compared the adult study populations examined by the U.S. LRCs and the LRC located in Jerusalem, Israel. A number of 2388 residents of Jerusalem were contrasted with 6528 examinees of the U.S. LRCs regarding their plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol distributions. Marked differences between the U.S. and Jerusalem LRCs were observed in the plasma levels of lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol fractions. Mean total cholesterol concentrations were 2-8% higher in the U.S. compared to the Jerusalem sample. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher by approximately 5 15% in the U.S. LRCs, a phenomenon more marked in men than women and in older compared to younger study participants. High density lipoprotein cholesterol values were also higher in the U.S. compared to the Jerusalem LRC, by approximately 10-14% in men and women. These differences were also more pronounced in older compared to younger participants. By contrast, median plasma total triglycerides (and by implication very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) were higher in the Jerusalem compared to the U.S. study participants. This difference ranged from 10-21% by age and sex. The correlations between the plasma lipid/lipoprotein measurements were similar in the two study populations. Only the degree of linear association between plasma total triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was different between the U.S. and Jerusalem, with a correlation coefficient of greater magnitude in the latter. Employing common cutpoints to define dyslipoproteinemia (DLP) observed differences in plasma lipid/lipoprotein distributions determined differences in the frequency of DLP categories between the U.S. and the Jerusalem samples. Higher proportions of Type IV and hypo-HDL were observed in Jerusalem compared to the U.S. By contrast, fewer individuals were classified as Type IIa, Type IIb, and hyper-HDL in Jerusalem relative to the U.S. PMID- 3484960 TI - Surgical complications in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemotherapy. AB - We evaluated postoperative complications in a randomized series of patients with head and neck cancer who received preoperative chemotherapy. Forty-two patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized to receive either high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin calcium rescue (23 patients) or no chemotherapy (19 patients) prior to definitive conventional treatment. The two groups of patients were balanced by sex, disease site, stage, histologic grade, and prior therapy. Sixteen of the 23 patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy had postoperative complications, whereas only eight of 19 patients not receiving chemotherapy had postoperative complications. Surgical complications included wound infections, orocutaneous fistulas, and flap necrosis. PMID- 3484962 TI - Alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency presenting as bronchiectasis. PMID- 3484963 TI - Different types of plasminogen activator inhibitors in plasma and platelets in pregnant women. AB - The content of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (t-PA-I), and of specific pregnancy plasma-PA-I reacting with antibodies to placental-PA-I, was measured in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), serum and platelet lysate, both from pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant (male or female) controls. Inhibitory activity was much higher in PPP from pregnant women than in PPP from controls, though it was comparable in platelet lysates both from pregnant women and from controls. The specific pregnancy Plasma-PA-I was present in high concentration in pregnancy PPP, but absent in PPP from the controls and also absent in platelet lysates from both pregnant women and controls. The results show that the specific pregnancy plasma-PA-I is not identical to either the PA-I in platelet lysate or to the PA-I in PPP from non-pregnant controls. PMID- 3484961 TI - Acute uvulitis associated with epiglottitis. AB - Acute infectious uvulitis is a rare condition. A case caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred in a 56-year-old woman who also had coexisting epiglottitis. One other case of uvulitis reported in the literature has also been associated with acute epiglottitis. Because of potentially lethal complications, epiglottitis should be suspected in any patient who presents with acute painful swelling of the uvula. PMID- 3484965 TI - Transitory hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia: aetiological association with ethanol abuse and implications regarding regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis. AB - We studied a patient with a long history of ethanol abuse who presented to the hospital with profound weakness, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Evaluation of these problems revealed the patient's bone marrow to be hypercellular but severely iron depleted and almost totally devoid of morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes. However, we were able to detect the presence of non morphologically recognizable, immature megakaryocytes in the same sample using an immunochemical detection technique. This circumstance allowed us to study the relative importance of both megakaryocyte maturation and peripheral blood platelet count on the production of megakaryocyte colony stimulating activity (Meg-CSA), a putative regulator of the megakaryocyte colony forming unit (CFU-M). The results of our investigations disclosed a rapid decline in serum Meg-CSA levels which preceded recovery of the platelet count and appeared to coincide with the maturation of megakaryocytes into the morphologically recognizable pool. The effect of ETOH on the patient's CFU-M cloning efficiency was also studied. ETOH in amounts up to 454 mg/dl did not inhibit cloning of the patient's peripheral blood CFU-M in plasma clot cultures. Our results suggest that regulation of Meg-CSA production is a complex function which appears to be dependent on a number of factors including the level of megakaryocyte maturation in the marrow. We also speculate that ethanol associated thrombocytopenia may occasionally be brought about by a disruption in the process of megakaryocyte maturation at the level of a progenitor more mature than the CFU-M. PMID- 3484964 TI - Isolation of a new specific plasminogen activator inhibitor from pregnancy plasma. AB - A specific plasminogen activator inhibitor was isolated from the plasma of pregnant women by matrix-bound, cross reacting monoclonal antibodies against placental plasminogen activator inhibitor. The pregnancy plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PP-PA-I) was found to be immunologically different from the inhibitor produced by endothelial cells. Its molecular weight was 70 000 daltons. It formed complexes with urokinase (u-PA) and with plasminogen activator of the tissue type (t-PA), similar to those formed by the placental plasminogen activator inhibitor (PI-PA-I). It did not inhibit plasmin. For measuring PP-PA-I, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the placental inhibitor. Concentrations of PP-PA-I increased successively during pregnancy, and fell sharply after delivery. This inhibitor could not be detected in normal non-pregnancy plasma. The results indicate that the inhibitor isolated from pregnancy plasma is responsible for the depressed fibrinolytic activity during pregnancy, and that the placenta is the source of the inhibitor. PMID- 3484966 TI - The activity state of factor VII in plasma: two pathways for the cold promoted activation of factor VII. AB - The apparent amount of factor VII as determined in a one-stage test depends on the type of thromboplastin used: bovine thromboplastin only reacts with human factor VIIa whereas human thromboplastin interacts with unactivated human factor VII as well. Therefore the ratio factor VII activity as measured with bovine thromboplastin divided by the factor VII activity as assessed with human thromboplastin reflects the state of activation of factor VII in plasma. This approach was used to study the process of cold promoted factor VII activation and the involvement of different clotting factors therein. It could be shown that cold promoted activation does not occur in the absence of factors II and XII and is reduced for about 50% in factor IX deficient plasma. The other coagulation factors have a minor influence on the process. The results indicate that the cold promoted factor VII activation is the result of activation by both activated contact products and thrombin. PMID- 3484968 TI - T-cell hairy cell leukaemia presenting with disseminated intravascular coagulation: rapid response to alpha-interferon. PMID- 3484967 TI - An association between the factor VII coagulant activity and thrombin activity induced by surface/cold exposure of normal human plasma. AB - To test whether factor VII activation correlated with the generation of thrombin activity when plasma was exposed to a glass surface and reduced temperature, an association was sought between the changes in factor VII clotting activity (VIIc) and fibrinopeptide A concentration (an index of thrombin activity) in platelet poor citrated plasma from 42 healthy adults. The Spearman rank correlation (rs) between responses was 0.82 (P less than 0.001). The VIIc assay response to surface/cold exposure was unaffected when thrombin was suppressed by hirudin. An assay for factor VII activity based upon its activation of tritiated factor X revealed an association between the increase in fibrinopeptide A concentration and reduction in functional factor VII concentration during activation of a subset of 22 plasma samples (rs = -0.62; P = 0.003). This loss of functional factor VII was probably due to conversion of active factor VII to its non functional end-product by factor Xa. The results suggest that VIIc is an index of flux within the coagulation system and support the hypothesis that a high VIIc is an indicator of a hypercoagulable state. PMID- 3484969 TI - The nature of T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3484970 TI - Chronic and acute effects of solvents on central nervous system functions in floorlayers. AB - Floorlayers and age matched carpenters with long (greater than or equal to 20 years) and short (5-10 years) occupational experience were compared with respect to chronic and acute neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, and general health effects as related to different types of solvent exposure. An increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric illness occurred among floorlayers with long occupational experience, possibly caused by high levels of exposure which were present until the 1970s. The disease appears partly reversible since, at the time of the investigation, all had essentially recovered. Some impairment of performance in psychological tests was seen, however, in this group. Visuoanalytical impairment was associated with indices of exposure to glues based on alcohols whereas contact adhesives appeared more deleterious to perceptual functions. The increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms among the floorlayers was interpreted to reflect mainly acute effects on the central nervous system. PMID- 3484972 TI - Kinetic control of the length of very short homopolymeric additions by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. AB - This work is an investigation of the practicality of kinetic control of the length of very short deoxynucleotide homopolymeric additions by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. For such very short additions, the possibility that terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase acts differently with each deoxytriphosphate, or shows interaction effects when presented with multiple deoxytriphosphates, was investigated. Different relative rates of priming and different relative rates of subsequent additions were found for each deoxytriphosphate. Each triphosphate reacted uniquely, and one case of interaction was found, with adenosine interfering with cytidine addition. PMID- 3484971 TI - Complement activation in uveitis. AB - To determine whether complement is activated in uveitis we have measured plasma levels of C3d, a sensitive indicator of complement activation. Increased levels of C3d were found in 11 of 15 patients with idiopathic uveitis, 13 of whom had circulating immune complexes containing complement components. Since during complement activation potent mediators of inflammation are generated, it is suggested that the activation of complement, possibly triggered by uveal deposition of immune complexes, has an important role in the pathogenesis of uveitis. PMID- 3484973 TI - The binding of 1,N6-ethenoNAD to bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase: studies using the time-correlated single photon counting fluorescence technique. AB - The time-correlated single photon counting (TCPC) fluorescence technique has been used as a novel approach to investigate ligand-protein interaction, for the case of the binding of the fluorescent coenzyme analogue 1,N6-ethenoNAD (epsilon NAD) to bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of glutarate, a substrate analogue which stabilizes the complex. System calibration was performed using solutions of epsilon ADP and carefully purified epsilon NAD mixed at variable molar ratios (pH 7.0, 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer, 20 degrees C). The fluorescence lifetimes obtained after deconvolution were 2.4 ns (for epsilon NAD) and 23 ns (for epsilon ADP), in good agreement with literature values obtained under similar conditions. epsilon NAD binds to glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of 50 mM glutarate, with a fluorescence quantum yield enhancement factor, Q, of about 17-fold, as previously reported (Favilla, R. and Mazzini, A. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 48-57). For this system, fluorescence lifetime values were obtained after deconvolution as 2.4 ns for free epsilon NAD and 21 ns for bound epsilon NAD. These values did not vary appreciably with enzyme concentration nor with degree of saturation, thus reflecting the existence of only one spectroscopically relevant type of complex. Addition of either GTP or ADP did not affect the lifetime of epsilon NAD bound to the enzyme, but only its affinity, thus allowing calculations of binding strengths. In the case of a simple binding (i.e., in the absence of GTP) the dissociation constant of the complex could be derived from a simple relationship, in which only the ratio between the pre-exponential factors and the parameter gamma, which represents the molar fraction of epsilon NAD molecules free in solution in the open conformation, are to be taken into account. The results are in good agreement with those reported by some of us (reference above) using a steady-state fluorescence technique, which by itself is, however, unable to resolve the number of relevant species present in the system. PMID- 3484974 TI - Effect of liposomes sensitized with methotrexate-gamma dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine on cells that are resistant to methotrexate. AB - This study compares the ability of methotrexate and liposomes, in which the drug is anchored to the lipid bilayers via methotrexate-gamma dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine, to inhibit proliferation of human leukemic cells (CEM/O) and cells derived from this line that are resistant to methotrexate because of either a defective transport system (CEM/MTX cells) or elevated levels of dihydrofolate reductase (CEM/R1 cells). Whereas CEM/O and CEM/MTX cells show a 120-fold difference in their susceptibility to methotrexate (as measured by the incorporation of tritiated deoxyuridine into DNA), both lines are equally sensitive to the liposomes. In contrast, proliferation of CEM/MTX cells is not inhibited significantly by methotrexate-gamma-glycerophosphorylethanolamine (MTX gamma-glyceroPE), the water-soluble analog of MTX-gamma-DMPE. Both the ability of the liposomes to circumvent the transport defect, and the inability of MTX-gamma glyceroPE to do so, were anticipated on the basis of previous experiments which show that thiamine pyrophosphate could antagonize inhibition of mouse 3T3 and L1210 cell proliferation by methotrexate and MTX-gamma-glyceroPE, but not inhibition by liposomes. Human cells (CEM/O) behave similarly. The present experiments also suggest that liposomes prepared with MTX-gamma-DMPE can partially reverse the methotrexate resistance of CEM/R1 cells that is due to overproduction of the target enzyme. PMID- 3484975 TI - Mimicry of phorbol ester responses by diacylglycerols. Differential effects on phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, cell-cell communication and epidermal growth factor binding. AB - The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in HEL-37 cells was followed by measuring the incorporation of [32P]Pi into PC. Incorporation was stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and by the synthetic diacylglycerol, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), but not by sn-1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol or sn 1,2-dihexanoylglycerol (diC6). DiC8 was rapidly metabolised by HEL-37 cells to the corresponding PC and phosphatidic acid derivatives. diC8, diC6 and oleoylacetylglycerol effectively displaced [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate bound to a soluble cell extract from HEL-37 cells, but only diC8 was able to displace the labelled phorbol ester from prelabelled cells. TPA, diC8, diC6 and oleoylacetylglycerol were all effective inhibitors of 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor binding to, and gap junctional communication between, HEL-37 cells. It is concluded that only cell-permeable diacylglycerols stimulate PC biosynthesis which may therefore require interaction with membranes other than the plasma membrane. PMID- 3484976 TI - [Function of the serotoninergic system of the thyrotoxic thyroid]. AB - The state of serotoninergic system in thyrotoxic and euthyroid gland were compared. It was shown that in patients with hyperthyroidism (diffuse toxic goiter) serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan content, velocity and the latter uptake were augmented. The authors stress the role of the delay in serotonin oxidative deamination as one of the reasons for increased serotonin content in thyrotoxic thyroid gland. Possible ways of increasing intrathyroid serotonin accumulation and its role in the development of thyroid hyperfunction are discussed. PMID- 3484977 TI - [Biosynthesis of the complement component C1q in mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures]. AB - Biosynthesis of C1q complement component by resident peritoneal macrophages from (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 mice has been studied in in vitro experiments. Using anti-mouse C1q antibodies immobilized on CNBr Sepharose it has been demonstrated that 14C glycine incorporates both into intracellular C1q and C1q secreted into the medium. The maximum radioactivity of intracellular C1q was observed 48 h after cultivation, with it dropping drastically between hours 72-96. Kinetics of radiolabelled C1q was similar, but 24 hours delayed. Cell viability during 96 h of cultivation remained unchanged. These data can be considered as the indication of feedback regulation of C1q biosynthesis at the cellular level. PMID- 3484978 TI - Production of B cell growth factor(s) by neoplastic B cells from hairy cell leukemia patients. AB - Recent studies have shown that normal human T cells contain a high-molecular weight (mol wt) protein exhibiting B cell growth factor (BCGF) activity. Other studies have shown that virally transformed human B cells also secrete a high-mol wt BCGF-like molecule in vitro. We have studied neoplastic B cells from patients with untreated hairy cell leukemia (HCL) to ascertain whether such cytoplasmic BCGF activity is present in the tumor cells. Studies on HCL cells from four patients indicated that BCGF-like activity was in fact present in the cytosolic extracts when tested on autochthonous HCL cells as well as on normal BCGF dependent human B cell lines. Chromatographic analysis indicated that the BCGF activity from HCL cells was similar in mol wt as well as function to the normal T cell-derived cytosolic BCGF activity. These studies suggest that HCL cells contain and, in some cases, secrete a high-mol-wt growth factor that can be autostimulatory and appears to resemble a similar growth factor molecule found in normal human T cells. PMID- 3484979 TI - Loss of the largest von Willebrand factor multimers from the plasma of patients with congenital cardiac defects. AB - We identified a consecutive series of 12 children with noncyanotic congenital cardiac lesions with loss of the largest plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers determined by SDS-agarose electrophoresis. Seven had previous histories of mucocutaneous hemorrhage; ten had a prolonged bleeding time. Analysis of the factor VIII molecular complex revealed that six patients had reduced vWF measured both immunologically (vW:Ag) and by ristocetin cofactor assay (vW:rist). All had normal or borderline normal factor VIII procoagulant (F VIII) concentrations. Three children had prolonged partial thromboplastin times due to concurrent factor XII deficiency; none had laboratory evidence of intravascular coagulation. Five of the children were restudied after surgical correction of their cardiac lesions. Four had normalization of vWF multimers; the fifth, whose vWF was abnormal postoperatively, had a residual pressure gradient across a previous pulmonary artery banding site. Multimeric abnormalities were not found in the parents of three patients. Thus some patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease may have an acquired abnormality of vWF that is normalized with correction of the abnormal hemodynamic state. PMID- 3484980 TI - Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) in saliva of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and in persons at risk for AIDS. AB - Whole saliva samples collected from available people at risk in Boston for infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV), from late 1984 through early 1985, were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to viral proteins. Fourteen of 20 (70%) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and 14 of 15 (93%) AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients had salivary antibodies that reacted with the virus-encoded glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 of HTLV-III infected cells. All of the AIDS and ARC patients had serum antibodies to the same antigens. Of 20 sex partners of AIDS/ARC patients, nine (45%) showed anti-HTLV III antibodies, and four of 18 (22%) healthy homosexual males also were positive for such antibodies. Serum and salivary antibody status were the same in these groups. A minority of those patients positive for salivary antibodies to env gene encoded gp160 and gp120 also had salivary antibodies to gag gene-encoded proteins of 55,000, 24,000, and/or 17,000 daltons. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) class antibodies comprised the majority of the salivary antibody response. The spectrum of HTLV III proteins detected by the salivary and serum antibodies was similar. The possibility that secretory IgA from the gut-associated lymphoid system may play a role to restrict salivary transmission of HTLV-III should be considered. PMID- 3484981 TI - Immune phagocytosis inhibition by commercial immunoglobulins. AB - Sixteen commercially available immunoglobulins (Ig) and 5 anti-Rho (D) hyperimmune globulins were investigated for immune phagocytosis inhibition (IPI) factors as well as for T, B lymphocytotoxic and monocytotoxic antibodies. All Ig contained IPI factors with lowest inhibitory IgG concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 50 mg/ml. Pepsin-digested Ig was noninhibitory. IPI factors in anti-D preparations were uniformly high (inhibitory IgG concentrations 0.6-2.5 mg/ml). Cytotoxic antibodies against T, B lymphocytes and monocytes were found in 2,2 and 7 products, respectively. Since we have recently shown that IPI is caused by antibodies against major histocompatibility complex antigens, most likely HLA, the hypothesis is put forward that IPI factors in Ig are HLA-related, cytotoxic as well as noncytotoxic antibodies which act via Fc receptor blockade of human monocytes. PMID- 3484982 TI - Phenotyping of malignant hematopoietic cells. Analysis of 1200 cases of leukemia lymphoma. AB - 1255 cases of leukemia-lymphoma were tested between 1972 and 1984 by multiple marker analysis. Routine leukemia phenotyping was performed using standard morphological and cytochemical techniques in combination with clinical and histo pathological information; the main emphasis was put on immunological surface marker analysis using erythrocyte rosette assays, TdT and a large panel of poly- and monoclonal antibody tests. The 1255 cases were divided into these major types and subtypes: 349 cases of ALL and related immature T- and Burkitt-lymphomas (cALL, pre B-ALL, B-ALL and Burkitt-lymphomas, T-ALL and immature, mostly leukemic T-lymphomas, Null-ALL), 454 cases of mature T- and B-cell malignancies (T-CLL, mycosis fungoides, Sezary-syndrome, T-lymphomas, B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, B-lymphomas), 263 cases of acute myeloid leukemias (AML, AMMoL/AMoL), 182 cases of chronic myeloid leukemias (CML in chronic phase, CMoL, CML in blast crisis), 6 cases of erythroleukemia and 1 case of megakaryoblastic leukemia. A simplified classification scheme which has been used in our laboratories is presented. Phenotyping is of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance, most evidently for patients with ALL. Routine leukemia phenotyping should be performed with highly standardized techniques and reagents and by combining information from several fields in the multiple marker analysis. New areas of leukemia research might become very useful for the routine procedure of phenotyping. PMID- 3484983 TI - Massive bleeding from rectal varices following repeated injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. PMID- 3484984 TI - Meckel's diverticulum in the adult. AB - The management of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) incidentally detected in adults remains controversial. To assess the risk involved in excision of such diverticula and the incidence of complications arising from MD in adult life, we analysed 260 cases of MD found at laparotomy in a baseline population during a 15 year period. There were 148 symptomless and 112 symptom-producing diverticula, with intestinal obstruction as the most common complication. Assuming a 2 per cent general incidence of MD, the complication rate in these adult patients was 0.03 per cent per year. The calculated lifetime risk of complication from MD was 3.7 per cent at age 16 years, falling to zero in old age. Excision of an incidentally detected MD entailed a 6 per cent rate of major complications. Twenty-eight symptomless diverticula were not excised, and follow-up revealed no complications in these cases. In adults an incidentally discovered, symptomless Meckel's diverticulum should be left in place. PMID- 3484985 TI - Alum solution in the control of intractable haemorrhage from advanced rectal carcinoma. PMID- 3484986 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices with the free-hand technique: experience in Hong Kong. AB - A prospective study of the efficacy of injection sclerotherapy with the free-hand technique for acute bleeding oesophageal varices was conducted, to evaluate its use in the control of acute variceal bleeding and to assess long-term sclerotherapy as the definitive treatment. Between July 1981 and January 1985, a total of 108 patients (96 men, 12 women with mean age of 54.4 years) had intravariceal injection of 5 per cent ethanolamine oleate. The majority had non alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholism accounted for only 18.5 per cent. There were 22 Child's A, 42 Child's B and 44 Child's C patients. During the 411 sessions of injection, major complications occurred in 12 patients (11.1 per cent) with 3 deaths. Of the 145 episodes of acute variceal bleeding 91.7 per cent were successfully controlled. In episodes which required more than one injection to control the bleeding, there was a high mortality of 75 per cent. Over the three and a half year period, 33 out of the 93 patients on long-term sclerotherapy had re-bled (35.5 per cent). Varices were obliterated in 27 patients with a mean of 5.4 injections. From our experience, the procedure is safe and effective. However, its status as a definitive treatment when compared with conventional surgical treatment requires further controlled evaluation. PMID- 3484988 TI - Analgesia induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists is blocked or reversed by noradrenaline-depletion in rats. AB - The antinociceptive effect of acute administration of 5-HT receptor agonists and agents releasing 5-HT from neuronal terminals was studied in rats by using the hot-plate, tail-flick and shock-titration tests. Noradrenaline depletion by the noradrenaline-neurotoxin N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromo-benzylamine hydrochloride (DSP4, 2 X 50 mg/kg) blocked the analgesia induced by the 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonists 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5 MeODMT) and quipazine, as well as that induced by acute release of 5-HT by p chloroamphetamine (PCA) and increased 5-HT synthesis by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5 HTP). Analgesia in the tail-flick test was partly blocked by both methergoline and mianserin, whereas the analgesic effects of 5-MeODMT in the hot-plate and shock-titration tests were unaffected by the 5-HT antagonists. In the shock titration test it was found that the DSP4-pretreated animals were made hyperalgesic by acute 5-MeODMT, and this hyperalgesia was blocked by both mianserin and methergoline, implying that this effect was 5-HT receptor mediated. It is therefore concluded that a functional central noradrenergic system is required for eliciting 5-HT receptor mediated analgesia, and that these interactions, at least in part, are probably spinally located. PMID- 3484987 TI - Intra-operative fibreoptic enteroscopy for bleeding lesions in the small intestine. AB - Twenty-five patients with gastrointestinal bleeding proved to have lesions in the small intestine. Intra-operative fibreoptic enteroscopy was performed on seven patients, in six patients through the anus and in one patient through an enterotomy and the anus. The indications for fibreoptic enteroscopy were inability to find the lesions in the 3 patients, multiple small lesions in 3 patients and to rule out suspicious pathology in the jejunum shown on a small bowel enema in a patient with ileal ulcers. In all instances, the fibreoptic enteroscopy was useful in localizing lesions, in detecting additional lesions and in ruling out the suspicious lesions. It can be performed easily and is safe. No complication developed from its use in this series. PMID- 3484989 TI - Evidence for an alteration in brainstem cholinergic pathways following unilateral labyrinthectomy in the frog. AB - Following VIIIth nerve stimulation, field potentials recorded in the contralateral vestibular nuclei of isolated medullae are larger in amplitude and more sensitive to atropine in chronically hemilabyrinthectomized frogs than those of controls. The atropine-sensitive component occurs at a latency which precludes involvement of the monosynaptic commissural projection between second order vestibular neurons. Therefore, in addition to this commissural projection, the contributions of more indirect pathways have to be considered in an attempt to understand the neuronal basis of behavioral improvement following vestibular lesions. PMID- 3484990 TI - Afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog. AB - An HRP study of the frog's superior olivary nucleus (SON) revealed that it (1) receives reciprocal tonotopic projections from dorsal medullary nuclei and principal nuclei of the torus semicircularis (TS) bilaterally; (2) receives bilateral projections from caudalis nuclei and brainstem reticular nuclei, and unilateral projections from the ipsilateral ventral tegmental nuclei and the contralateral SON; (3) is reciprocally connected with the ipsilateral laminar and magnocellular nuclei of the TS, dorsal tegmental nuclei and the posterior thalamic nucleus; (4) projects directly to the ipsilateral central thalamic nucleus. PMID- 3484991 TI - The effect of visual deprivation on vestibular compensation in the guinea pig. AB - Total visual deprivation has no effect on the level of compensation of spontaneous nystagmus and lateral head deviation attained by 52 h after labyrinthectomy in the guinea pig. However, compensation of longitudinal twisting is significantly reduced. It is concluded that the role of vision in vestibular compensation may be specific to species and, in the guinea pig, to longitudinal twisting. PMID- 3484992 TI - Serotonin-lesion myoclonic syndromes. I. Neurochemical profile and S-1 receptor binding. AB - This paper and the following one describe the effects of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5 HTP) (after 3 intracisternal injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT], fenfluramine (FF), p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and drug combinations on (i) brain regional amine concentration (HPLC with LEC) and serotonin S-1 receptor binding; and (ii) 'serotonergic' behaviors in the same adult rats. Serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxins produced significantly different regional profiles of 5-HT depletion. Multiple DHT injections caused a 90-100% depletion of 5-HT concurrently in neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, septum/accumbens, pons, cerebellum, and cervical cord. Only PCA significantly depleted midbrain. Drug combinations with DHT resembled DHT alone rather than additive depletions, except for PCA + DHT, which produced a hybrid pattern of depletion. The S-1 binding assay, using cold 5 HT to displace [3H]5-HT, was performed with and without ascorbate, EDTA, CaCl2, and pargyline. Without ascorbate, binding was specific, saturable, region dependent, and non-linear with high (Kd 1-3 nM) and low affinity (10-20 nM) components but no cooperativity (0.8 less than nH less than 1.0). Bmax and Kd did not differ significantly between vehicle- and drug-treated animals in neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, cervical cord, cerebellum, or septum/accumbens two weeks after lesioning, while the assay did detect a 60% reduction in Bmax induced by ascorbic acid (1 mM). The effects of assay conditions exceeded the changes sometimes reported in S-1 receptor Bmax after 5-HT lesions. PMID- 3484994 TI - Electrophysiological characteristics of neurons in forebrain regions implicated in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat. AB - In an attempt to identify neurons likely to play a role in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), action potentials of single neurons in the septum and basal forebrain of anesthetized rats were recorded by means of extracellular electrodes. Refractory period estimates were obtained from cells antidromically activated by stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus or ventral tegmental area, and estimates of interelectrode conduction time were obtained from cells that were driven by stimulation of both sites. The results show that some descending MFB axons arising in the medial septum, diagonal band of Broca and neighboring forebrain structures have characteristics comparable to properties of MFB reward neurons inferred from behavioral experiments. PMID- 3484993 TI - Serotonin-lesion myoclonic syndromes. II. Analysis of individual syndrome elements, locomotor activity and behavioral correlations. AB - This study evaluated the behavioral elements of three 5-HT-related syndromes (intraperitoneal 5-hydroxytryptophan after intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT), p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), fenfluramine (FF), or combinations of drugs) scored from video-tapes and their relationship to locomotor activity (LMA) photocell recording, regional monoamine concentration and S-1 receptor binding. Rearing was eliminated by drugs which produce the myoclonic syndrome and was the single best indicator of control treatments (saline or 5-HTP in unlesioned rats and saline in DHT-lesioned rats). Global 'abnormality', hunching (rigid arching of back), hindlimb abduction, forepaw myoclonus, stereotyped lateral head movements, backing, and immobility occurred significantly only in drug-treated rats. Multiple forms of myoclonus (appendicular and truncal) and convulsions were dose-dependent drug effects. Both 5-HTP (after DHT) and PCA increased LMA significantly, but hyperactivity induced by PCA could be blocked by giving 5-HTP concomitantly. Substantial 5-HT presynaptic destruction by DHT prevented backing but not other behavioral or locomotor effects of FF and PCA. Drug combinations did not produce additive behavioral effects. Backing, immobility, and locomotor activity best differentiated between drug treatments, and could be used to correctly allocate animals to drug groups. Drug treatments also could be differentiated by reducing the number of behavioral variables into summary variables (principal components) and by discriminant analysis. Only forepaw myoclonus and total behavioral score were correlated with 5-HT concentrations (brainstem), indicating behavioral heterogeneity. Our study suggests that there is a common core 'myoclonic-serotonergic' syndrome (forepaw myoclonus, head weaving, hindlimb abduction, hunching) of stimulation of 5-HT receptors plus additional drug-specific elements (backing, LMA). Although brainstem receptors appear to be an important locus for some of these behaviors, S-1 receptors do not explain the behavioral supersensitivity to 5-HTP in our DHT-lesioned rats. PMID- 3484995 TI - Barrel rotation evoked by intracerebroventricular vasopressin injections in conscious rats. II. Visual/vestibular interactions and efficacy of antiseizure drugs. AB - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) arginine-vasopressin (AVP) injections evoke 'barrel rotation' (BR) in rats. This motor system abnormality was studied in a protocol where conscious rats were injected on day 1 with 1 microgram i.c.v. AVP and reexposed to 0.5 micrograms on day 3. Three paradigms modifying visual/vestibular systems were employed: labyrinthectomy, 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) destruction of the inferior olive and atropine pretreatment. Ambient illumination (light vs dark) was also modified. Initial (day 1) incidence of BR, increased incidence (i.e. sensitization) on day 3, and day 3 BR latency were differentially affected by the various paradigms and suggest a complex role of visual/vestibular input in modifying i.c.v. AVP-induced BR. For example, 3-AP rats tested in light and atropinized rats had a reduced responsiveness to the peptide on day 1. 3-AP treated rats tested in dark conditions showed a normal incidence of BR on day 1, but the expected sensitization to AVP on day 3 did not occur. Combined labyrinthectomy and darkness did not modify BR incidence on either day, but altered the distribution of latency data. Four diverse antiepileptic drugs were tested for efficacy against i.c.v. AVP-induced BR in sensitized rats: phenytoin, diazepam, valproic acid and phenobarbital; all drugs reduced the proportion of rats with BR and prolonged the latency. We conclude that brain AVP may be involved in abnormal motor conditions that are modified by visual/vestibular neuronal circuits. The unusual motor output (barrel rotation) can be inhibited by diverse antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 3484996 TI - Septo-hippocampal neurons in the rat: further study of their physiological and pharmacological properties. AB - Medial septal-nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca area (MS-nDBB) neurons, identified by their antidromic response to the electrical stimulation of the fimbria and/or hippocampus, were studied in the rat under various conditions of anesthesia. These septo-hippocampal neurons (SHNs) were classified into 4 groups on the basis of: (i) their antidromic latency; and (ii) the presence or absence of a rhythmically bursting pattern of spontaneous discharge. The rhythmically bursting activity (43.5% of the SHNs) was highly dependent on the anesthetic conditions. The groups of SHNs differed in their mean conduction velocity and rate of spontaneous activity. In contrast, irrespective of their classification in a particular group, the large majority of the SHNs could be excited by the iontophoretic application of cholinergic agonists. Beside the SHNs, two other populations of MS-nDBB neurons could be identified by electrical antidromic stimulation: neurons projecting to the amygdala (Am) and neurons projecting through the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Half of the MS-nDBB neurons projecting to Am were also antidromically driven from the fimbria. The axonal branch projecting to Am had a slower conduction velocity than that projecting to hippocampus. In contrast MS-nDBB neurons projecting through the MFB were never antidromically driven from the fimbria, although they received orthodromic inputs. They had a slower conduction velocity than the other groups of MS-nDBB neurons. PMID- 3484998 TI - Necropsy techniques. PMID- 3484999 TI - A basic approach to food animal necropsy. AB - A basic step-by-step procedure for necropsying food-producing mammals is presented. Abundant figures are utilized to help the prosector visualize the described process. In subsequent articles, alternate methods of necropsy are presented. PMID- 3485000 TI - Necropsy of adult cattle. AB - This article presents a brief overview of some examination techniques commonly used during necropsy of adult cattle. A few common diseases and their typical lesions are described and appropriate laboratory techniques to confirm or help deny the roles of specific agents are mentioned. PMID- 3484997 TI - Neuronal influence on antigenic marker profile, cell shape and proliferation of cultured astrocytes obtained by microdissection of distinct layers from the early postnatal mouse cerebellum. AB - To study the cellular heterogeneity of astrocytes from early postnatal mouse cerebellum in culture, Bergmann glia were enriched by hand-dissection of Purkinje, molecular and external granular layers ('outer' layer) and fibrous astrocytes of white matter and deep cerebellar nuclei ('inner' layer). Both populations of GFA protein and vimentin-positive astrocytes express N-CAM and the L2/HNK-1 epitope, but not tetanus toxin receptors or A2B5 antigen, at levels detectable by indirect immunofluorescence procedures. The two astrocyte populations are thus indistinguishable from each other. Expression of tetanus toxin receptors and A2B5 antigen in these astrocytes can, however, be induced by removal of neurons. The expression of tetanus toxin receptors is again reduced by readdition of purified populations of small cerebellar neurons. Morphology and proliferation of astrocytes from both layers is also dependent on the presence of neurons: removal of neurons leads to an epithelioid, rather than star-shaped morphology and a severalfold increase in proliferation. Readdition of neurons induces astrocytes to return to their star-shaped morphology. Epidermal growth factor increases proliferation in both populations of astrocytes. We conclude that neither antigenic marker profile, morphology nor proliferative responses serve to distinguish between enriched Bergmann glia and enriched fibrous astrocytes. PMID- 3485001 TI - Necropsy of sheep and goats. AB - In this article, diseases will be discussed by system. Common differential diagnoses that may be associated with gross lesions are pointed out, and practical laboratory tests are presented that may help establish a specific diagnosis. PMID- 3485002 TI - Diagnostic necropsy of suckling swine. AB - A diagnosis of many problems affecting the baby pig can be made by careful necropsy of several freshly killed, acutely affected, untreated pigs and the application of one or more of the examinations outlined in this article. The selection and preservation of specimens to be forwarded to diagnostic laboratories for assistance in confirming the tentative diagnosis are of critical importance in gaining the maximum information from a necropsy examination. PMID- 3485004 TI - Necropsy techniques. Tissue collection and preservation. PMID- 3485003 TI - Necropsy of the feeder pig and adult swine. AB - A procedure for performing a thorough necropsy examination of feeder pigs or adult swine is presented. Lesions encountered in various organ systems due to various disease states are included, along with those changes of inconsequential or artifactual status. PMID- 3485005 TI - Necropsy of chickens, turkeys, and other poultry. AB - Necropsy of dead or terminally ill birds is a key approach to disease diagnosis. It is important that one establish an orderly, consistent necropsy procedure and evaluate gross lesions as to their likely cause and significance. A very high percentage of farm flock poultry maladies can be diagnosed by gross lesions plus a few simple laboratory procedures, such as direct microscopy, Gram's stain, fecal flotation, and aerobic bacteriology. PMID- 3485007 TI - Necropsy of the suckling calf. AB - In this article, diseases will be discussed by system and comments will be made on gross lesions, their interpretation, and various tests available to confirm or rule out differential diagnoses. PMID- 3485006 TI - Examination of bovine and ovine fetuses. AB - Diagnosis of the causes of bovine and ovine abortion is difficult and frustrating and requires a systematic and thorough approach. Laboratory assistance is required in all cases. Herd and individual histories occasionally help, as does knowledge of the gestational age and autolytic condition of the fetus when aborted. Tissues from mummified fetuses should be cultured and examined by fluorescent antibody techniques for viruses. The placental tissue from mummified fetuses should be examined for fungi and lesions. Lung, liver, kidney, spleen, abomasal content, body cavity fluid or serum, and fetal placenta from all but completely mummified fetuses should be submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. PMID- 3485008 TI - Necropsy of the feeder and stocker calf. AB - Frequently occurring diseases are discussed in 2- to 12-month-old pastured or feedlot cattle. Emphasis is on gross necropsy lesions that are significant in differential diagnosis. Where applicable, practical laboratory tests that are helpful in confirming a diagnosis are described. Information about proper selection and preservation of tissues for submission to a diagnostic laboratory is included. PMID- 3485009 TI - Abnormal monocyte function in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Monocyte-mediated functions were evaluated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 11 previously untreated patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in association with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (KS/AIDS). All patients had lymphadenopathy, an abnormal OKT.4/OKT.8 ratio, and a good performance status; none had clinically apparent infections at the time of testing. Monocyte functional assessments included immunoregulatory activity in phytohemagglutinin stimulated (PHA) lymphoblastogenesis assays, natural killer (NK) assays, Interleukin 2 (IL2) production assays and, quantitation of opsonized zymosan induced chemiluminescence responses. A group of seven hemophilia patients who had been receiving concentrated blood products and who presented with evidence of an abnormal OKT.4/OKT.8 ratio were also investigated as controls. As a group, the patients with KS/AIDS had a significantly depressed response to PHA compared with normal control subjects and patients with hemophilia; this was significantly elevated by indomethacin or by the removal of glass adherent cells. PBMC from KS/AIDS patients also had an impaired ability to produce IL2 in PHA-stimulated cultures which was enhanced by the addition of indomethacin. NK function was also suppressed in both groups of patients, but could not be augmented by the removal of glass adherent monocytes. Chemiluminescence responses to opsonized zymosan were variable, but found to be significantly different from normal in the majority of patients studied. These results demonstrate that monocyte function can be abnormal in patients with KS/AIDS and might contribute to some of the immunologic impairment seen in these patients. PMID- 3485011 TI - Immunological effects of recombinant interferon alfa-2a in patients with disseminated melanoma. AB - Twenty patients with disseminated melanoma were treated with interferon alfa-2a, given by intramuscular (IM) injection three times a week in escalating doses from 15 to 50 X 10(6) U/m2. Of 18 patients considered evaluable, two had complete remission and in two others the disease was stabilized. Laboratory tests 6 hours after injection of interferon alfa-2a indicated a marked lymphopenia and a reduction in natural killer (NK) cell activity. Sequential changes (measured before injection of interferon alfa-2a on days 3, 10, and 31) consisted of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and a slight increase in OKT4 positive T cells compared with OKT8 positive T cells. NK activity against the K562 target cells was increased in most patients during the first week of treatment, returning to near or below pretreatment levels thereafter. This response contrasted with a delayed increase against melanoma target cells in 10 patients. The latter correlated with an increase in mitogen-stimulated interleukin-2 (IL2) production, and may indicate that the cytotoxic activity resulted from lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Changes in cortisol levels may explain some effects on the immune system, such as depression of IL2 and immunoglobulin production in vitro, and the differences noted in clinical responses during the present study compared with those observed with interferon alfa-2b given by intravenous (IV) injection in 5-day cycles. These results suggest that interferon alfa-2a has antitumor activity in certain melanoma patients, in particular those with metastases to pulmonary or subcutaneous sites. Assays of IL2 production and LAK activity may assist in the selection of patients who respond to interferon alfa-2a and help to optimize treatment regimens. PMID- 3485010 TI - OKM1-positive T-cell leukemias. Relationships among morphologic features, phenotype, and functional activities. AB - The morphologic features, phenotype, and functions of OKM1+ leukemic T-cells were studied. The leukemic T-cells in two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) had specific features of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), and those in two patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had L2 morphologic characteristics. The phenotype of the leukemic cells from one patient with CLL was OKM1+, ER+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKIa1-, IgGFc receptor (EA gamma)+, Leu-7+, Leu-11b+, and anti-Tac-. The cells had antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), but no natural killer (NK) activity. They had a definitive helper effect on pokeweed mitogen-induced normal B-cell differentiation. The leukemic cells from the other patient with CLL were Leu-7-, and Leu-11b-, and lacked both ADCC and NK activity. The leukemic cells in the two patients with ALL were ER+, OKM1+, Leu-7-, and Leu-11-, and did not have any cytotoxicity. One was EA gamma +, and the other was EA gamma -. These findings suggest that OKM1+ leukemic T-cells consist of at least two subgroups: (1) T-cells with the morphologic features of LGL; and (2) those with a lymphoblastic morphologic type. In either case, the phenotype is novel and suggests the emergence of a small, distinct lymphocyte subset. PMID- 3485013 TI - DNA repair in nondividing human lymphocytes: inhibition by deoxyadenosine. AB - Resting peripheral blood lymphocytes have a large number of single strand breaks and are especially sensitive to DNA damaging agents. Deoxyadenosine, an adenosine deaminase substrate, in combination with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin, causes accumulation of single strand breaks in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. The induction of single strand breaks by deoxyadenosine is the result of the accumulation of large amounts of intracellular dATP, which creates imbalance in deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels. This imbalance in deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels interferes with the repair of single strand breaks in deoxyadenosine treated cells. Deoxyadenosine acts synergistically with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, a DNA alkylating agent, by inhibiting the repair of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced single strand breaks. We propose that the increased sensitivity of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes to deoxyadenosine and possibly to other DNA damaging agents may be associated with impaired DNA repair ability due to imbalance in intracellular levels of deoxynucleoside triphosphate. PMID- 3485012 TI - The role of recombinant interferon alfa-2a in the therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - Maximally tolerated doses of interferon alfa-2a, 50 X 10(6) U/m2 administered intramuscularly (IM) 3 times weekly, were given to 20 patients with advanced stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) to determine the efficacy and toxicity of this therapy. All patients were heavily pretreated and had failed standard therapies. Objective remissions were noted in 45% of the patients, including two patients who achieved complete remissions and seven patients who had partial remissions. The median duration of response was 5.5 months, with responses lasting a minimum of 3 months and a maximum of more than 3 years. Responses in excess of 2 years occurred in three of the nine responding patients. These results were achieved with moderate toxicities. The dose-limiting toxicity was a flu-like syndrome consisting of malaise, anorexia, weight loss, and falling performance status. Toxicity was observed in all patients but was always alleviated by dose reduction. Patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received the same therapy had a similar objective response rate (54%) and showed the same toxicities. These trials were followed by an ongoing trial using the same dose of interferon in a different schedule given for 12 weeks followed by a dose escalation to 100 X 10(6) U/m2. Three partial responses were observed in the first 13 patients on this trial treatment. Other studies examining lower dose interferon compared to the 50 X 10(6) U/m2 are in progress. This study establishes interferon alfa-2a as a treatment of choice for patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphomas refractory to chemotherapy and other standard therapies. Trials combining interferon with other standard treatments and the use of interferon in earlier stages of disease are needed. PMID- 3485014 TI - Drug induced host factors which stimulate growth of residual leukemia in Lewis x Brown Norway F1 (LEW-BN) rats. AB - Antitumor synergism occurs with two drugs in sequence when the second drug is given at the time of maximal regrowth of residual leukemia and peak humoral stimulatory activity (HSA). To determine if this enhancement relates to a host derived HSA, studies were conducted in Lewis x brown Norway F1 rats bearing brown Norway myelocytic leukemia. A significant cure rate was observed in rats treated initially with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and then given injections of 10(6) leukemia cells and treated with a second 2-day course of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in every-8-h s.c. injections in the 6-day period after the initial drug. No effect on survival of the initial drug or of the second drug given at intervals after day 6 was noted. This result is consistent with the efficacy of treatment at the time of peak HSA and tumor growth. The direct effect of HSA on tumor sensitivity to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was evaluated by 18-h incubations of leukemia and HSA, followed by bioassay. Increased survival and high cure rates were observed when compared with cultured cells in normal serum. These studies support the notion that host derived factors operative during drug induced aplasia stimulate tumor growth and thereby, if the drugs are properly timed, increase sensitivity to cycle active agents. PMID- 3485015 TI - The embryonic thymus produces chemotactic peptides involved in the homing of hemopoietic precursors. AB - During ontogeny, T cell precursors must colonize the thymus to acquire immunocompetency. Using migration assays, a chemotactic activity was detected in conditioned media from avian embryonic thymic epithelial cells. The responding cells were shown to acquire T lymphocyte markers after homing into the thymus. Absorption experiments demonstrated surface receptors for the chemotactic substance on these hemopoietic precursors, which were not found on thymus-derived lymphocytes. Two peaks of chemotactic activity in the 1 kd-4 kd molecular weight range were detected after fractionation of thymic epithelial cell-conditioned medium. One of these activities was retained after heating to 95 degrees C but was destroyed after proteolytic treatment. Thus chemotactic peptides may be responsible for the thymic recruitment of the first hemopoietic precursors and may also be involved in the renewal of these precursors throughout adult life. PMID- 3485016 TI - [Postural nystagmus in acute vestibular disorders]. PMID- 3485017 TI - Regional myocardial and organ blood flow after myocardial infarction: application of the microsphere principle in man. AB - A physiologic means of measuring the distribution of cardiac output and regional myocardial blood flow has been developed that uses human albumin microspheres labeled with carbon-11 (11C) and external detection with positron emission tomography. Ten patients with previous myocardial infarction were studied to investigate the level of blood flow in normal and infarcted segments of the heart. After diagnostic catheterization, 4 to 6 mCi of 11C on 2 to 3 million sterile microspheres (15 to 20 micron) were mixed and injected into the apex of the left ventricle during timed withdrawal of arterial blood to obtain reference flow values. Regional activity in brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys was measured tomographically. Blood flow was calculated based on the relationship between total activity in a reference flow and tissue activity in tomograms of each organ (ml/min/100 g). No adverse effects were noted after injection of the microspheres. Successive myocardial tomograms showed no loss of activity. There were no significant differences in flow values in matched regions of paired organs. Mean cerebral flow was 52.4 +/- 10.0 ml/min/100 g in the frontal lobes, 54.4 +/- 8.8 in the temporal lobes, 67.6 +/- 8.2 in the occipital lobes, and 53.0 +/- 9.4 in the basal ganglia. Flow was 16.0 +/- 8.4 ml/min/100 g (range 0 to 40.0) in the center of infarcted myocardium and 82.0 +/- 32.0 in the remote segments. This method meets most of the demands for use of microspheres to measure tissue blood flow. The wide range of flow values in infarcted myocardium may be a function of infarct size, spatial resolution, or pathologic evidence of islands of viable tissue. Patients with angina had high flow values in the infarcted segment, whereas those with heart failure had significantly lower values. Surviving myocardium in the region of the infarct may need to be considered if patients complain of angina, particularly when treatment is aimed at preserving ventricular function. PMID- 3485018 TI - Musings on PET and SPECT. PMID- 3485020 TI - Immune abnormalities associated with HLA-B8: lymphocyte subsets and functional correlates. AB - Mononuclear cell populations were enumerated in healthy young adults with or without the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B8. Mononuclear cell counts were lower in subjects with HLA-B8, as was reflected in lower absolute numbers of the cell subsets. When cell populations were compared as percentages of total mononuclear cells, subjects with HLA-B8 had significantly more B lymphocytes bearing IgM than did subjects without HLA-B8. The T4/T8 ratio was significantly increased in subjects with HLA-B8. due both to increases in OKT4+ cells and to decrease in OKT8+ cells. B-Lymphocyte function was compared in subjects with and without HLA B8 by measuring pokeweed mitogen driven differentiation of B cells to IgM bearing blasts, and was significantly greater in subjects with HLA-B8. Subjects with HLA B8. Subjects with HLA-B8 were also found to have decreased Con A-induced suppression. Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte functions may underlie the predisposition to autoimmunity associated with HLA-B8. PMID- 3485019 TI - Circulating antibodies to mouse monoclonal immunoglobulins in normal subjects- incidence, species specificity, and effects on a two-site assay for creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme. AB - With a two-site CK-MB assay, we screened serum samples from 1008 blood donors for the presence of antibodies to mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin. These antibodies were capable of cross-linking the labeled antibody with the solid-phase antibody in the two-site assay, thus generating a falsely high apparent CK-MB concentration. In 92 (9.12%) of the blood donors tested, apparent CK-MB concentrations of 10-1000 micrograms/L decreased to less than 3 micrograms/L when re-assayed with non-immune mouse serum (10 mL/L) included in the assay reagent. We tested the ability of non-immune sera from other animal species to lower the concentration of apparent CK-MB in 58 of the 92 samples. Bovine and ovine serum were almost as effective as mouse serum; feline, canine, and rabbit serum were less effective. Of the samples tested, 12% (1.1% of the original population screened) showed apparent CK-MB values that either were not depressed by bovine serum or were only partly depressed. We discuss the possible etiology of these antibodies in normal subjects and recommend that all mouse monoclonal two-site assays should contain non-immune mouse serum (or a suitable "irrelevant" mouse monoclonal antibody) to prevent false-positive results. PMID- 3485021 TI - Charge selective properties of the glomerular capillary wall influence antibody binding in rat membranous nephropathy. AB - IgG antibodies, eluted from kidneys of rats with Heymann nephritis were separated into cationic and anionic fractions, labeled with 125I and 131I, respectively, mixed in equal amounts, and then injected in incremental doses into 10 rats. Glomerular antibody binding was highly correlated with blood concentration of antibody at 24 hr, however, significantly more cationic antibody bound to glomeruli than did anionic antibody at all blood levels studied. The differences were not due to greater antibody content and/or avidity of the cationic preparation, as measured by binding to isolated glomeruli in vitro. These studies demonstrate the influence of glomerular permselectivity and antibody charge on subepithelial antibody deposition. PMID- 3485022 TI - The production and characterization of thyroid-derived T-cell lines in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Although the thyroid gland itself is a major site of the autoimmune response, the study of T-cell function in autoimmune thyroid disease has usually relied on peripheral blood as a source of cells. In this study, we have established thyroid derived T-cell lines from six patients with Graves' disease and one patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis by culturing the thyroid lymphocytes on an autologous thyroid follicular cell monolayer in the presence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2). These T-cell lines have allowed in vitro investigation of thyroid-derived T cell function, an approach which was previously limited by the number of lymphocytes obtained from the gland. The lines were predominantly OKT3, OKT4, and HLA-DR positive but showed heterogeneous proliferative responses. Some lines gave autologous or allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions but other did not. Only one of the seven lines responded well to the thyroid antigens thyroglobulin and microsomes presented by autologous monocytes. However, six of the lines proliferated in the presence of live but not dead autologous thyroid follicular cells, particularly when interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was added. This treatment has been shown to enhance HLA-DR and -DQ antigen expression by thyroid follicular cells in vitro. Furthermore, the proliferation induced by IFN-gamma-treated thyroid follicular cells was increased when thyroglobulin was also added. Together these results support the hypothesis that the expression of Ia antigens such as HLA-DR by thyroid follicular cells in autoimmune thyroid disease may be important in enhancing the autoimmune response, conferring on these cells the ability to present thyroid autoantigens to T cells. The use of thyroid-derived T cell lines should permit a more detailed evaluation of the disordered immuno regulation in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis than has been possible previously. PMID- 3485023 TI - Human tonsillar T lymphocytes: an immature or activated T-lymphocyte population. AB - In this study we compare the phenotype and the enzyme content of T lymphocytes purified from tonsils and from circulating blood before and different times after in vitro activation with PHA. The phenotype was studied with the following panel of monoclonal antibodies for the presence of activation antigens: OKT9, OKT10, anti-Dr, and Tac antigen. The enzyme content was studied by estimation of the LDH isoenzyme distribution and the enzymes of the purine metabolism ADA and PNP. In addition, the in vitro responsiveness of the T lymphocytes from tonsils and blood to human recombinant interleukin 2, to the lectins PHA, Con A and PWM was also studied. The LDH isoenzyme pattern expressed as B:A ratio decreases progressively after in vitro activation of T lymphocytes. The B:A ratio is already significantly different as early as 12 hr after activation, at a time that OKT9 and Tac are already expressed, but before the expression of OKT10, HLA-Dr, and the onset of the DNA synthesis. Tonsillar T lymphocytes exhibit also a significantly lower B:A ratio, but the activation antigens are not detected on their surface, except for the Tac antigens by means of a sensitive protein A rosette assay. Tonsillar T lymphocytes have a better responsiveness to lectins and recombinant II-2 than the corresponding circulating T lymphocytes. Therefore we are in favor of the hypothesis that tonsillar T lymphocytes contain activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 3485024 TI - The effect of T cells from patients with infectious mononucleosis on CFU-CGM proliferation: a preliminary report. AB - The neutropenia occurring during infection is a poorly understood phenomenon. Immunologically-stimulated T lymphocytes, acting upon normal bone marrow stem cells, have been etiologically implicated in several disorders. Fifteen patients, ages 17 to 25 years, and diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis by positive heterophile titers, were studied. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were separated using sheep red blood cell rosetting. They were then cocultured with normal bone marrow cells, in a concentration of 2 X 10(4) cells/ml, in methylcellulose containing 10% colony-stimulating activity. Normal BM was obtained from patients with nonmalignant hematologic disorders, or leukemia in remission. Bone marrow cells were cultured at a concentration of 1 X 10(5) or 5 X 10(5) cells/ml, alone (control) or with T lymphocytes. Plates were incubated at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2. Colonies were scored at 14 days. Inhibition of normal, bone marrow growth was observed at both concentrations, after addition of T lymphocytes to the culture system. Such suppression was significant (p less than 0.05) for the lower concentration of normal bone marrow cells only. Variable and partial abrogation of effect was seen after overnight incubation of T lymphocytes, possibly due to loss of suppressor activity. There were insufficient numbers of tests with supernatant to allow computation of statistical significance. Correlation between T-cell ratios and suppressive effect has not been determined, although it is suspected that the responsible cells are within the T-suppressor fraction. PMID- 3485025 TI - Urgent coronary artery bypass surgery in the presence of Dressler's syndrome. AB - The clinical features of Dressler's syndrome which developed in a patient following a third myocardial infarction responded to a short course of prednisolone. However, angina at rest precipitated urgent coronary artery bypass surgery and pericardectomy. PMID- 3485026 TI - Cerebral infarction in Hemophilus influenzae type B meningitis. AB - Over a 5-year period, 8 (4.7%) of the 170 children diagnosed at Milwaukee Children's Hospital as having Hemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) meningitis developed cerebral infarction. Compared with children who did not develop infarcts or with children who developed other neurologic complications, such as subdural effusion, empyema, or meningoencephalitis, these children had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte counts on initial lumbar puncture and had a greater likelihood of seizure activity. In seven of eight patients with cerebral infarction, a focal or generalized seizure heralded neurologic findings associated with abnormal radiographic studies. Two of the eight patients died, and two were permanently severely damaged. In the other four patients, there was eventual recovery from gross neurologic deficits. The mortality in patients with HITB meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction (25%) was significantly greater than that in other patients with HITB meningitis (0.6%). The pathophysiology of infarction in patients with bacterial meningitis is uncertain but may in part relate to arteriospasm. Cerebral infarction is a serious, and in the present experience, not uncommon complication of H. influenzae meningitis. PMID- 3485027 TI - Pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - We conducted an analysis of 37 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who received pentamidine for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to quantitate the incidence and severity of pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia. Ten of these patients (27%), nine of whom were symptomatic, developed hypoglycemia during or shortly after pentamidine therapy. The mean nadir blood glucose concentration in those who developed hypoglycemia during or shortly after pentamidine therapy was 38 mg/dl (range 20 to 55 mg/dl). The hypoglycemia frequently persisted after the end of pentamidine therapy. The incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients who developed hypoglycemia was 100%, as compared with 38% in the group who remained euglycemic (P less than 0.01). The overall incidence of pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia with AIDS is several-fold higher than previously reported for patients with other immunocompromising diseases who receive pentamidine. We conclude that pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia is a frequent adverse reaction in patients with AIDS and is potentially life-threatening if not recognized. PMID- 3485028 TI - Digoxin prophylaxis following coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The effect of the postoperative administration of digoxin to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery on the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias was studied. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 51) or digoxin group (n = 47) on a prospective basis. Patient characteristics were similar in both groups, and no patients were receiving digoxin therapy preoperatively or other antiarrhythmic medications. All patients had normal systolic ejection fractions, renal function, and hepatic function. Eight patients (16%) in the control group developed postoperative arrhythmias while seven patients (15%) in the digoxin group developed supraventricular arrhythmias. This difference was not significant. Two patients in the digoxin group developed digoxin-induced arrhythmias, and two other patients experienced digoxin-related nausea and vomiting, which were resolved with discontinuation of the drug. The postoperative administration of digoxin to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery had no effect on the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. The prophylactic use of digoxin therapy in this patient population is not recommended unless there is a history of arrhythmias responsive to digoxin therapy. PMID- 3485029 TI - Expression of OKT6 antigen by Langerhans cells in patch test reactions. AB - Previous studies in humans and guinea pigs indicate that Langerhans cells (LC) participate in elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis. The number and morphology of LC was determined in acute and healed allergic patch test sites, control (petrolatum) sites and normal skin in nickel-sensitive individuals using OKT6 monoclonal antibody and avidin-biotin/peroxidase labeling. Compared to normal skin, the staining intensity and number of epidermal LC was significantly increased in allergic (p less than 0.02) and petrolatum control (p less than 0.02) sites, and in 6- to 8-week old allergic patch test sites (p less than 0.006). The in situ changes in LC induced by petrolatum alone may be a result of the occlusive patch test, or may suggest that petrolatum is not as neutral as previously believed. The nickel-induced increase in LC may indicate changes in the LC present in the epithelium at the time of testing, or migration of additional LC into the epithelium, which can then remain in situ for weeks after the antigenic challenge. The specificity of the LC increase in allergic contact dermatitis is questioned on the basis of the increase noted with petrolatum. PMID- 3485030 TI - Immunologic characterization of infiltrating cells in flare-up reactions. PMID- 3485031 TI - Physician mortality and suicide. Results and implications of the AMA-APA Pilot Study. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 3485032 TI - PUVA for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 10 years after. PMID- 3485033 TI - Transbronchial lung biopsy in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Is it an evaluable method in detection of disease activity? AB - To assess the value of transbronchial lung biopsy in the evaluation of disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis, lung biopsy specimens obtained from 37 patients with this disease and their cellular patterns of bronchoalveolar lavage were studied. Morphologic analysis has showed peculiar lesions: predominant interstitial alveolitis consisting of mononuclear cells and scattered neutrophils, and eosinophils, diffuse in 13 cases and focal in 11 cases, interstitial nodular clusterings of mononuclear cells (five cases), diffuse intraalveolar infiltration of macrophages (one case), granulomas (27 cases), hyaline membranes (one case), intraalveolar (two cases) and interstitial (six cases) fibrosis, and finally cuboidal metaplasia of alveolar lining cells (eight cases). Hyaline membranes were always combined to a diffuse alveolitis consisting of some neutrophils. Only diffuse alveolitis was significantly associated with a high lymphocytosis in BAL (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3485034 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin Pi-types in 965 COPD patients. AB - To study further the role of intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), AAT Pi-types and serum-trypsin inhibitory-capacity (STIC) were measured in 965 patients with COPD. Heterozygosity of the Z variant was the major cause of intermediate AAT deficiency (primarily the MZ phenotype), accounting for 8.0 percent of the patients compared to 2.9 percent of control subjects (p less than .0005). ZZ homozygosity was detected in 1.9 percent of the patients, compared to 0.04 percent of control studies performed by others (none was present in our own control group of 1,380 subjects). The mean age for MS or MZ patients did not differ from that of the COPD patients as a whole, whereas the ZZ homozygotes were younger (55.9 +/- 9.8 vs 65.3 +/- 7.5 years). These results resemble those of a previous study in 66 male veterans with pulmonary emphysema suggesting that the MZ phenotype, or intermediate AAT deficiency in general, probably does predispose to the development of COPD. However, the prevalence of AAT deficiency in COPD patients is small (approximately 10 percent). The number with an MS phenotype was not increased in this group of COPD patients. PMID- 3485035 TI - Bowel symptoms in an apparently well population. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of various kinds of bowel behavior and symptoms thought to be indicative of colorectal cancer in people randomly selected from the community. A probability sample of 330 dwellings in the inner western suburbs of Sydney yielded 202 completed interviews with occupants aged 30 years and older. Eight percent reported annoying abdominal pain that had lasted for two weeks or more in the preceding six months, while 19 percent reported a feeling of incomplete evacuation at least once every two weeks. Blood on the toilet paper was reported by 14 percent and blood in the toilet bowl by 2 percent. Twenty-one percent said they always looked at their stool in the toilet bowl and 34 percent always looked at the toilet paper after using it, but 43 percent seldom or never looked at either their stool or the paper. Of the 75 who said they looked at their stool about half the time or more, two (3.1 percent) reported seeing blood during the preceding six months. Symptoms that may be associated with colorectal cancer are common in apparently well adults. Whilst this includes bleeding from the rectum in toto, it may not be true for blood seen specifically in the toilet bowl. Because this latter symptom has potential discriminating value, it may be worthwhile to promote public education encouraging people to inspect their stools regularly, and to visit their doctor if blood is seen. PMID- 3485037 TI - Sclerotherapy for massive enterostomy bleeding resulting from portal hypertension. AB - Three patients with frequent and massive hemorrhage from enterostomy (colostomy 2, ileostomy 1) due to portal hypertension are reported. The hemorrhages were treated with sclerotherapy by submucous injections of polidocanol (Ethoxysclerol) or phenol (5 percent) almond oil. In one patient, a complete and long-term stoppage of the bleeding was achieved. In the second patient, a marked reduction in the amount of blood loss and an increase in the time between bleeding episodes occurred. In the third patient, only a short-lived effect of a few weeks was reached. PMID- 3485038 TI - Mechanical and biochemical effects of man-made fibres and metals in the human eye, a SEM-study. AB - Prolene, perlon, supramid and titanium, either used as sutures, 'Strampelli' sutures or artificial lens loops, were compared after remaining in the human eye for at least one year. For comparison, non-implanted samples of each of the materials were used as blanks. Prolene and Perlon in particular showed severe biodegradation after a given period; Supramid showed much less degradation of its surface. Titanium showed a rather rough outer surface (even in the non-implanted samples), particularly as bends in the lens loop, which facilitated the adherence of cells, fibres and microorganisms. PMID- 3485036 TI - Recurrent stomal variceal bleeding. Successful treatment using injection sclerotherapy. AB - Stomal varices may develop in patients with gastrointestinal stomas and portal hypertension. Bleeding often is recurrent and may be fetal. A 48-year-old woman had six major stomal variceal bleeds requiring 20 U of blood in the four months before beginning stomal sclerotherapy. "Paravariceal" injections using various combinations of sodium tetradecyl sulfate, ethanol, and saline resulted in a decrease in blood transfusions to 3 U during a 20-month follow-up. Injection sclerotherapy deserves consideration in patients with recurrent stomal variceal bleeding. PMID- 3485041 TI - Diagnosis of malignant melanoma with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies: current status. AB - Since the advent of the technique for preparation of monoclonal antibodies in 1975, these agents have been used in a variety of experimental procedures, including investigations into the structure of the human genome. The increasing availability of these highly specific antibodies has also spawned the development of kits for in vitro diagnosis of a number of diseases, and now radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies are undergoing clinical trials to assist in vivo diagnosis of several different cancers. We report our results in four representative cases comparing the efficacy of 111Indium-labeled antimelanoma, type 96.5, monoclonal antibodies against standard diagnostic imaging techniques at accurately diagnosing metastatic malignant melanoma lesions. In some cases the monoclonal antibody studies provided unequivocal evidence of the existence of metastases. In other cases no localization occurred, and we suggest plausible reasons for this failure and modifications of imaging technique to improve the performance. Overall, we believe monoclonal antibodies represent a promising new clinical aid in disease diagnosis which may ultimately permit direct targeting of therapeutic agents. PMID- 3485040 TI - [B-lymphocytes and the proliferative response of a hemopoietic stem cell to antigenic action]. PMID- 3485042 TI - [Mast cell-affinity lymphocytes as indicator cells of the forms of hemoblastoses]. AB - The formation of mastolymphocyte rosettes was used to determine that in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and bovine leukemia, unlike healthy people and animals as well as patients with solid tumours of different localization and Hodgkin's disease, a large amount of cells appear among peripheral blood lymphocytes having membrane affinity for mast cells. This may be used as an additional criterion in laboratory diagnosis of these diseases. PMID- 3485039 TI - Some considerations on experimental lens implant in the rabbit eye, a SEM-study. AB - Intraocular implantation of an iris-bridge or lobster-claw lens was performed on a rabbit eye. The incisions were closed with stainless steel-vanadium sutures. Two months after implantation loosening at one side of the connection between lens and iris was noted, which resulted in long-term intermittent touch of the corneal endothelium. The reaction of the endothelium to the corneal sutures and the contact area of artificial lens and corneal endothelium were studied by SEM. PMID- 3485043 TI - The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the inhibition of bone formation induced by skeletal unloading. AB - Skeletal unloading results in osteopenia. To examine the involvement of vitamin D in this process, the rear limbs of growing rats were unloaded, and alterations in bone calcium and bone histology were related to changes in serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25 (OH)2D], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D]. Acute skeletal unloading induced a transitory inhibition of Ca accumulation in unloaded bones. This was accompanied by a transitory rise in serum Ca, a 21% decrease in longitudinal bone growth (P less than 0.01), a 32% decrease in bone surface lined with osteoblasts (P less than 0.05), no change in bone surface lined with osteoclasts, and a decrease in circulating 1,25-(OH)2D from 130 +/- 10 to 53 +/- 11 pg/ml. No significant changes in the serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorus, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, or 24,25-(OH)2D were observed. After 2 weeks of unloading, bone Ca stabilized at approximately 70% of control values, and serum Ca and 1,25 (OH)2D returned to control values. Maintenance of a constant serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentration by chronic infusion of 1,25-(OH)2D (Alza osmotic minipump) throughout the study period did not prevent the bone changes induced by acute unloading. These results suggest that acute skeletal unloading in the growing rat produces a transitory inhibition of bone formation, which, in turn, produces a transitory hypercalcemia, leading to a temporary decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D. No evidence could be found for a direct involvement of 1,25-(OH)2D in the bone changes induced by skeletal unloading. PMID- 3485044 TI - The steroid C-17,20-lyase complex in isolated Graafian follicles: effects of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Androstenedione synthesis was studied in isolated rat preovulatory follicles and compared with that of rat testicular tissue using [14C]progesterone together with 17 alpha-hydroxy-[3H]progesterone as substrates in the presence of NADH or NADPH as cofactors. The amount of androstenedione formed was measured by addition of carrier, reisolation, and crystallization to constant specific activity. The labeling patterns of androstenedione and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) confirmed that both tissues preferentially catalyzed the synthesis of androstenedione from progesterone rather than from 17-OHP. It appears, therefore, that free 17-OHP was not an obligatory intermediate in this reaction. When hCG (5 IU) was administered sc and the follicles were isolated 3 h later, androstenedione synthesis was inhibited whether NADH or NADPH was added as cofactors. By contrast, 17-hydroxylase activity was inhibited only with NADH as cofactor. Hence, the gonadotropin, with NADH as cofactor, specifically reduced progesterone incorporation into androstenedione without affecting incorporation of 17-OHP. Thus, hCG appears to affect androstenedione production from progesterone at two different sites of the lyase complex. PMID- 3485046 TI - Epidermal growth factor causes hypocalcemia in sheep. AB - During iv infusions of epidermal growth factor into sheep, serum calcium concentrations fell, whereas serum magnesium and serum immunoreactive PTH levels increased. Urinary calcium and magnesium decreased significantly. The role of epidermal growth factor in calcium homeostasis is discussed. PMID- 3485045 TI - Phenotype-associated changes in the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on alkaline phosphatase and bone GLA-protein of rat osteoblastic cells. AB - The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and the synthesis of gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid containing protein (BGP) were compared in phenotypically distinct cloned cell lines derived from the osteoblast-like rat osteogenic sarcoma line ROS 17/2-8. 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated AP activity and BGP synthesis in phenotypes which exhibited relatively low basal AP activity and high basal BGP levels. In contrast 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited AP activity in phenotypes that exhibited high basal AP activity. The latter cells had undetectable BGP levels and the synthesis of this protein failed to respond to the 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulus. In the cells that responded to 1,25(OH)2D3 with an increase in AP activity the effect of the hormone on AP could be blocked by actinomycin-D. However in the cells that responded to 1,25(OH)2D3 with inhibition of AP the effect of the hormone on AP was not influenced by actinomycin-D. The directly opposite effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the AP activity of the respective clones did not change qualitatively at different stages of culture and could not be accounted by differences in the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor status nor by different effects of the hormone on cell proliferation. These data raise the possibility that the response of AP to 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteoblastic cells depends on their state of phenotypic differentiation. The stimulatory effect of the hormone in low AP-producing cells might be related to differentiation promoting properties of 1,25(OH)2D3. The inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on AP, unlike the stimulatory effect of the hormone does not appear to be mediated by the classical mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 action on the genome and might be associated with dedifferentiated osteoblastic cells. PMID- 3485047 TI - A 30-kDa protein is disulfide linked to IgM on normal and neoplastic murine B lymphocytes. AB - Four cloned continuously cultured mouse B lymphoma cells of the lines WEHI-279, BCL1 and 38C-13 were used to study the surface presentation of IgM. Cells of all lines expose, in addition to mu 2L2, various, disulfide-linked subunits as already shown for normal B lymphocytes (Koch, N. and Haustein, D., Mol. Immunol. 1982. 19:477). In contrast to normal B cells, B lymphoma cells also carry IgM structures of higher molecular weight than mu 2L2 on their surface. Furthermore, B lymphoma cells of all investigated lines expose a mu 2L2 structure to which a 30-kDa protein is disulfide-linked. This 30-kDa protein could also be identified on normal mouse B lymphocytes when more drastic conditions were employed. mu 2L2 disulfide linked to this 30-kDa protein is the main IgM structure on normal and neoplastic B cells whereas only small amounts of mu 2L2 (unlinked to this protein) can be detected. PMID- 3485048 TI - 2,4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific continuous B cell lines as a model system for studying B cell activation and tolerance. AB - Various model systems have been used to study isolated B cell response to receptor cross-linking and to lymphokines. Although each model is useful it is advantageous to have continuous cell lines of nonmalignant antigen-specific B lymphocytes to study antigen-induced B cell function. We further studied the characteristics of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific continuous B lymphocyte lines which we previously described (J. Exp. Med. 1983. 157:342). If the cell line lymphocytes are cultured with the antigen DNP-Ficoll without the presence of T cell factors or filler cells they do not produce an immune response above background, but the addition of supernatant from EL4 lymphoma and irradiated normal spleen filler cells results in a 7- to 10-fold increase in plaque-forming cells. The kinetics of the immune response is the same as that seen with normal B cells. Each cell line has a majority of cells which are small surface (s)IgM- lymphocytes which have cytoplasmic IgM and react with 14.8 antibody. There are also large sIgM+-bearing cells, which may be either in the resting or activated state. Some of the sIgM+ cells also bear IgD and Ia antigens but they do not bear IgG. From these studies we conclude that the continuously growing antigen specific B cell lines can be a useful model to study B cell function. PMID- 3485049 TI - The high idiotypic connectivity of "natural" newborn antibodies is not found in adult mitogen-reactive B cell repertoires. AB - Unselected IgM-secreting hybridoma collections were established either from unprimed naturally activated newborn spleen cells or from mitogen-stimulated adult B cells. These were then screened for reactivity with a panel of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies and haptens. While the finding of hapten-specific antibodies was equally frequent in either collection, newborn antibodies reacted at least 10 times more frequently with the anti-idiotypic reagents. The reactivity patterns of individual antibodies readily demonstrated the overall specificity of these V-region interactions. Since some of the idiotopes screened are characteristically not expressed in immune responses by the strains analyzed, and are in fact not expressed in the adult induced hybridoma collection, we explain these findings by a unique property of the set of natural (newborn) antibodies i.e. the high levels of idiotypic connectivity previously described within this repertoire. PMID- 3485050 TI - Activation and proliferation signals in mouse B cells. VIII. Induction of DNA synthesis in B cells by a combination of calcium ionophores and phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Mouse B cells cultured with either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or with Ca2+ ionophores enter a transitional activated state, between quiescence (G0) and G1, but do not synthesize DNA. It is shown here that the combination of PMA plus the ionophore ionomycin induces resting B cells to synthesize DNA, but not to secrete antibody. B cells from CBA/N mice carrying the xid defect, and those from the lipopolysaccharide-unresponsive C3H/HeJ strain also respond to this combination. Suboptimal doses of the two stimuli synergize with B cell-stimulating factor 1 in promoting proliferation of resting B cells, but the co-mitogen does not substitute for type II B cell growth factor in the BCL1 lymphoma. Furthermore, (as predicted) the combination of these two agents does not induce the breakdown of inositol phospholipids in B cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that elevation of intracellular Ca2+ (by the ionophore), plus activation of protein kinase C (by PMA) leads to DNA synthesis in B cells. The combination of Ca2+ ionophore and PMA thus appears to essentially mimic the biochemical effects of ligation of surface immunoglobulin receptors on B cells, by providing the two second messengers normally emanating from the receptor mediated breakdown of polyphosphoinositides. PMID- 3485051 TI - Structural and electronic requirements for potent agonists at a nicotinic receptor. AB - A new agonist, isoarecolone methiodide (1,1-dimethyl-4-acetyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridinium iodide) was tested at the frog neuromuscular junction. It was 50 times more potent than carbamylcholine, making it one of the most potent nicotinic agonists known. In addition, its cyclic structure and conjugated carbonyl bond endow it with near rigidity. An analogous compound, 1,1-dimethyl-4 acetylpiperazinium iodide, was synthesized because of its similar geometry and rigidity. It was 2.6 times as potent as carbamylcholine but only 0.053 times as potent as isoarecolone methiodide. Computer assisted molecular modeling and molecular orbital calculations revealed steric and electrostatic field differences between these two compounds. PMID- 3485053 TI - Endogenous erythroid colony formation in myeloproliferative diseases does not depend on T cells. AB - We investigated the influence of T-cell depletion on BFU-E and CFU-GM colony growth in vitro from normal individuals and patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF), and polycythemia vera (PV). Preincubation of mononuclear cells with the complement-fixing monoclonal antibody OKT11A, which is cytotoxic to T-lymphocytes, significantly reduced the number of erythropoietin (epo)-dependent BFU-E colonies cultured from normal bone marrow and normal peripheral blood, as well as from the blood of patients with CGL, PV, and MF. In contrast, the numbers of epo-independent ("endogenous") BFU-E colonies cultured from the blood of PV and MF patients were the same before and after T cell depletion. The blood and marrow of CGL patients and normal individuals produced no epo-independent BFU-E proliferation. The growth of day-7 and day-14 CFU-GM was not significantly influenced by T-cell depletion in the majority of experiments. We conclude that T cells promote the growth of epo-dependent BFU-E colonies in vitro, but they do not influence the growth of "endogenous" BFU-E colonies from patients with myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 3485052 TI - d- and l-isomers of fenfluramine differ markedly in their interaction with brain serotonin and catecholamines in the rat. AB - Various doses of fenfluramine isomers were compared for their ability to affect monoamine levels, metabolism and synthesis in the rat brain. d-Fenfluramine was more potent than l-fenfluramine in reducing serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) at 4 h after their administration. After decarboxylase inhibition, a low dose of d-fenfluramine (2.5 mg/kg) reduced 5-HT synthesis, assessed as 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation, in the hypotalamus and lower brain-stem only, whereas a higher dose (5 mg/kg) reduced 5-HT synthesis in all brain regions examined except the striatum. A higher dose of l-fenfluramine (10 mg/kg) was required to reduce 5-HT synthesis. Metergoline, a 5-HT antagonist, did not modify the effects of fenfluramine isomers on 5-HT synthesis. One h after its administration l-fenfluramine 5-20 mg/kg significantly increased brain 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4), striatal homovanillic acid (HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels, while after 4 h only the highest dose raised HVA levels. No change of striatal HVA and DOPAC levels was seen 1 or 4 h after any dose of d-fenfluramine while the highest dose raised brain MHPG-SO4 levels. Neither l- nor d-fenfluramine changed striatal 3 methoxytyramine (3-MT) levels. The noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) levels were decreased 4 h after 10 and 20 mg/kg l-fenfluramine or 20 mg/kg d fenfluramine. The results show that the d- and l-isomers of fenfluramine at relatively low doses have a specific action on brain 5-HT and catecholamines, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485054 TI - Protease inhibitor prevents bronchoconstriction in man. AB - In order to assess the potential role of protease inhibitors in airways regulation in asthma, we have studied the effects of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) in 74 patients with various forms of bronchial asthma. The effects were assessed in challenge tests by changes in PEF or FEV1 following oral administration of analgesics, exercise or allergen inhalation. PAMBA was used in a single blind manner with lactose as placebo. PAMBA administered orally (1.0 g) was found to reduce significantly the maximal change in FEV1, PEF following challenge in patients with analgesic-induced asthma (n = 30; p less than or equal to 0.01), exercise-induced asthma (n = 37; p less than or equal to 0.01) or allergen-induced asthma (n = 7; p less than or equal to 0.05). We suggest that PAMBA reduces the accumulation of bronchoconstrictory metabolites of arachidonic acid via inhibition of phospholipase A2. PMID- 3485055 TI - Partial restitution of lesion-induced deficits in the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex performance measured from the bilateral abducens motor output in frogs. AB - The responses of the bilateral abducens nerves to small table velocity steps in the dark were measured in four groups of animals: One group was intact prior to recording (controls), one group was hemi-labyrinthectomized the day before the recordings (acute HL), the horizontal canal nerve was sectioned the day before the recordings (acute HCN) in another and the last group was hemi labyrinthectomized between 60 and 90 days prior to recording (chronic HL). In controls (N = 6) the slopes of the change in discharge rate to increasingly larger velocity steps increased maximally with about 200 imp/s per 1 degree/s and decreased maximally with about -60 imp/s per 1 degree/s. This difference is explained by low resting rates and by recruitment of spontaneously inactive vestibular afferent, central vestibular and abducens neurons. Results obtained from acute HL (N = 4) and acute HCN (N = 4) animals were practically identical. In neither case was a spontaneous nystagmic activity pattern observed. Results differed from those obtained in controls due to an asymmetric reduction in responsiveness. Comparison of the slopes of the evoked increases and decreases in discharge rates of abducens nerves to increasingly larger velocity steps with those in controls show that normal abducens responses are predominantly controlled by crossed excitation and by uncrossed inhibition. Disinhibition and disfacilitation play minor roles. In chronic HL animals (N = 6) that had posturally recovered to a similar degree, responses evoked by steps towards the intact side at larger velocity steps were slightly reduced with respect to those in acute HL or HCN animals. Responses evoked by steps towards the lesioned side differed between individuals. They were either similar to those in controls (N = 1), to those in acute animals (N = 2) or lay between these two extremes (N = 3). The improvement in response to velocity steps towards the lesioned side in 4 of 6 animals is explained by an increase in activity released by disinhibition. This inhibition in turn is controlled by horizontal canal-dependent input from the intact side. Plugging of this canal abolished all direction-specific responses in this plane in the dark, suggesting that the partial restitution of function of horizontal reflex performance depends exclusively on signals derived from receptors of this canal. PMID- 3485056 TI - Androgen sensitivity of skeletal muscle: nondependence on the motor nerve in the frog forearm. AB - The effects of castration and of subsequent androgen administration on fiber size were investigated in several frog skeletal muscles. Four months after castration, cross-sectional cell area decreased by 70% and 14%, respectively, in the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi centralis muscles of the forearm and only by 2% in the ileo fibularis muscle of the thigh. Injection of testosterone propionate induced a hypertrophic response that reversed the effects of androgen deprivation; after 6 weeks, complete recovery to the control value was observed in all muscles selected. This sensitivity to the exogenous androgen was not altered by denervation; a similar hypertrophic evolution was seen in the denervated right muscles and in the homologous intact left muscles of the forearms. Using the myosin ATPase reaction, the muscle histochemical patterns were unchanged in all conditions tested. These results suggest that (i) a gradient of sensitivity to androgens exists in different frog muscles; (ii) androgens control the myofiber size but not the nerve-muscle organization as can be seen from the myofibrillar ATPase pattern; and (iii) the androgen sensitivity is not dependent on the motor nerve. PMID- 3485057 TI - [Effect of drugs on the tonus of the coronary vessels in hormonal imbalance]. AB - The excessive administration of estrogens leads to the growth of sensitivity of coronary vessel smooth muscles cholinoreceptors to cholinomimetics. Excessive administration of progesterone stimulates the sensitivity of adrenoreceptors of coronary vessel smooth muscles to adrenomimetics. PMID- 3485058 TI - Biochemical comparison of epsilon [correction of gamma]-crystallins from duck and frog eye lenses. AB - A biochemical comparison has been made on the crystallins isolated from duck and frog lenses. Gel-permeation chromatography of lens homogenates from both classes on Fractogel TSK HW-55(S) revealed a homogeneous trimeric protein of 120 kDa in the duck lenses and a monomeric protein of 39 kDa in the frog lenses. Both crystallin fractions consist only of an approx. 38-kDa polypeptide in their subunit structures as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. These two crystallins were compared with respect to their native molecular masses, subunit structures, peptide mapping and amino acid compositions in order to establish the identity of each crystallin. We have found differences in the protein structures of these two crystallins despite some degree of similarity in their amino acid compositions. PMID- 3485059 TI - Neomycin: a specific drug to study the inositol-phospholipid signalling system? AB - Neomycin, an antibiotic previously thought to interact specifically with inositol containing phospholipids, was found to inhibit IP3-mediated Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores of permeabilized insulinoma and liver cells. This inhibition could be relieved by increasing the IP3 concentration. Radiolabelled IP3 was found to bind tightly to columns prepared from neomycin covalently attached to glass beads. ATP was also bound by these columns. It is concluded that neomycin acts in biological systems as a weak anion exchanger and is therefore unsuitable for use as a specific tool to study the role of inositol phospholipids in intracellular signalling. PMID- 3485060 TI - Inhibition of serum complement haemolytic activity by lipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine. AB - The effect of artificial model membranes on the complement system was investigated. Incubation of the model membranes with human serum resulted in consumption of complement haemolytic activity when phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles were used. The activation of the complement system appeared to proceed through the alternative pathway. This conclusion was supported by the failure of [125I]Clq to bind to the membranes suggesting that the classical pathway was not involved. Although always obtained when phosphatidylserine was present in the model membranes, the activation of complement was enhanced by the contemporaneous presence of phosphatidylethanolamine. Liposomes prepared from lipid extracts of red blood cells were also able to stimulate a concentration-dependent activation of complement. Fresh, intact erythrocytes, however, could not initiate the same effects unless opsonized by antibodies. When artificially aged in vitro, red blood cells were lysed if incubated with normal human serum or with Clq-depleted serum. However, no lysis was obtained if the 'aged' erythrocytes were incubated with serum pretreated with ammonia to destroy the C3 component of complement. It is suggested that one of the mechanisms of macrophage recognition of senescent erythrocytes might be provided by the activation of the alternative pathway of complement if phosphatidylserine becomes exposed on the surface of the aging cells. PMID- 3485061 TI - [Development of the cholinergic innervation of the heart of Rana temporaria during ontogenesis]. PMID- 3485062 TI - Oral administration of synthetic human urogastrone promotes healing of chronic duodenal ulcers in rats. AB - The effect of oral administration of synthetic human epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF/URO) on healing of chronic duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine in rats was investigated and compared with that of cimetidine, a H2 receptor antagonist. After 25 and 50 days of treatment, synthetic human EGF/URO significantly increased healing of chronic duodenal ulcers to the same extent as cimetidine. Combined treatment with synthetic human EGF/URO and cimetidine for 25 days was more effective than synthetic human EGF/URO given alone, whereas combined treatment for 50 days was significantly more effective than cimetidine alone. These results show that a combination of an agent inhibiting gastric acid secretion and the cytoprotective and growth-stimulating peptide EGF/URO seems to be more effective with regard to duodenal ulcer healing than individual administration of the two substances. Synthetic human EGF/URO is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion when administered intravenously, but had no effect on acid secretion when given intraduodenally, which suggests that the effect of synthetic human EGF/URO is a direct action on the duodenal mucosa. In conclusion, this study showed that oral synthetic human EGF/URO has a significant effect on healing of duodenal ulcers in rats. The amount of synthetic human EGF/URO administered is comparable to that found in saliva during stimulation of the salivary glands. Our results, therefore, suggest that EGF/URO is one of the endogenous factors participating in healing of duodenal ulcers. PMID- 3485063 TI - Digestive tract and renal small vessel hyalinosis, idiopathic nonarteriosclerotic intracerebral calcifications, retinal ischemic syndrome, and phenotypic abnormalities. A new familial syndrome. AB - A new familial syndrome that affected 3 of 7 siblings is described. All 3 patients were young women with a very peculiar phenotype, poikilodermia and hair greying, and idiopathic nonarteriosclerotic cerebral calcifications. Pathological studies demonstrated a marked and progressive hyalinosis involving capillaries and often arterioles and small veins of the digestive tract, kidneys, and calcified areas of the brain. Using electron microscopy, we found that the hyalin substance in the intestinal capillaries consisted of several concentric layers of basal membrane-like deposits within a finely granular fluffy material. Huge deposits of this material were present in the subepithelial and mesangial spaces of the kidneys. Endothelial cells and, in the kidneys, mesangial cells were markedly abnormal, and a true mesangiolysis pattern was present in 2 patients. The clinical and biologic expression of these vascular changes was variable. Diarrhea, rectal bleeding, malabsorption, and protein-losing enteropathy were the main and lethal clinical problems in the proband. Hypertension appeared in the early stage of a second pregnancy in 1 sister, and mild proteinuria was found in all 3 affected patients. Peripheral retinal ischemic syndrome and chorioretinal scars were found in the ocular fundi of both affected sisters of the proband. A subarachnoid hemorrhage, due to a right sylvian aneurism, also occurred in both sisters and was lethal in 1 sister. None of the known causes of distal vessel hyalinosis could be ascertained. PMID- 3485064 TI - Outpatient esophageal variceal sclerotherapy: safe and cost-effective. A prospective study. AB - A study to determine the safety and cost-effectiveness of outpatient esophageal variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) was undertaken between May 1983 and April 1984. A total of 117 EVS treatments were performed on 34 patients. Complications were minor and no patients required immediate hospitalization following treatment. A cost benefit was realized with outpatient EVS compared to inpatient EVS. PMID- 3485065 TI - Alzheimer's disease: new imaging techniques show diagnostic promise. PMID- 3485066 TI - Monoclonal antibody analysis of blood and cornea T lymphocyte subpopulations in herpes simplex keratitis. AB - There is now a great deal of evidence in favor of cell-mediated immunopathogenesis in herpes simplex (HS) keratitis. We used monoclonal antibodies specific for different cell subsets to analyze the blood and cornea eluded lymphocyte subpopulations in HSV keratitis. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of cells expressing UCHT 1, OKT 4, and MID 4 antigens in the peripheral blood of patients as a whole, as opposed to sex- and age matched controls. There was a slight decrease in OKT 4 cells in patients with herpetic keratouveitis when compared with patients with herpetic superficial keratitis, and a slight decrease in recurrent herpetic patients. Three corneal buttons showed a marked infiltration by suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, supporting the recent suggestion that lymphocytes might be cytotoxic for keratocytes. PMID- 3485067 TI - Serum autoantibodies, ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - The aetiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis is unknown, but it is closely associated with ulcerative colitis. Serum anticolon antibodies, crossreacting with portal tracts, have been reported in patients with ulcerative colitis but no studies have been carried out in primary sclerosing cholangitis. The frequency of serum anticolon antibodies and portal tract antibodies have been measured in 24 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis; 15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis without ulcerative colitis; 77 patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis: 25 patients with Crohn's colitis; 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis; 22 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and 20 normal controls. Serum anticolon and portal tract antibodies were detected using immunoperoxidase techniques on normal colon and obstructed human liver. Tissue typing was undertaken using a standard microcytotoxicity technique. The frequency of anticolon antibodies was markedly increased in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with ulcerative colitis (62.5%) compared with patients with ulcerative colitis (17%) and Crohn's colitis (16%) (chi 2 = 17.9; p less than 0.001). The antibodies were almost entirely of IgG and IgA classes in all groups. Anticolon antibodies were not found in sera from any other group. Sera from eight of 15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis and anticolon antibody reacted with portal tracts of human obstructed liver. This reaction was also seen in four of nine patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and in three of 15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis alone. Portal tract antibody was of IgG class and was not present in sera from any other groups. Unlike anticolon antibody, there was a close relationship between HLA-B8 phenotype and the portal tract antibody (p<0.02; chi 2 = 6.04). Absorption studies confirmed that the anticolon antibody is distinct from portal tract antibody. PMID- 3485068 TI - Cimetidine prophylaxis for gastrointestinal bleeding in an intensive care unit. AB - The efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a general intensive care unit was evaluated in 221 patients by a placebo controlled double blind randomised study. Criteria for bleeding were (i) haematemesis or gastric aspirate greater than 50 ml fresh blood, (ii) melaena or fresh blood per rectum with an upper source verified by endoscopy if the gastric aspirate was clear, (iii) a fall in haemoglobin level greater than 2 g/dl in a 24 hour period associated with either 4+ occult blood in stools, or coffee ground gastric drainage of at least 100 ml. The drug and placebo groups were similar for age, sex, duration of study and risk factors. One hundred and fourteen received cimetidine and 107 placebo. Only 8% of the patients bled with no significant difference between the two groups (6/114 cimetidine, 11/107 placebo; p = 0.16). There was no correlation between the frequency of bleeding and either the number of risk factors per patient or the duration of intensive care unit stay. Thirteen patients died in each study group, resulting in overall mortality of 12%. The low incidence of haemorrhage, the lack of statistical benefit from cimetidine and the similar mortality all argue against the routine use of this drug in intensive care unit patients. PMID- 3485069 TI - Autoantibodies to gliadin-binding 90 kDa glycoprotein in coeliac disease. AB - Patients with untreated coeliac disease were found to have high concentrations of circulating antibodies to 90 kDa glycoprotein, a mannose rich protein found in skin and intestinal mucosa. In contrast, patients with active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis had antibody concentrations within the normal range. In coeliac disease the antibody concentrations fell significantly after gluten withdrawal. 90 kDa glycoprotein bound gliadin in a carbohydrate and calcium dependent manner. The results show that circulating antibodies directed against a gliadin-binding antigen are present in coeliac disease. 90 kDa glycoprotein may be a receptor for gliadin; in susceptible subjects ligand receptor interaction may result in cytotoxicity and antibody formation. PMID- 3485070 TI - Recurrent massive haematemesis from Dieulafoy vascular malformations--a review of 101 cases. PMID- 3485071 TI - Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with an acid cream: a comparison between the effect of lactate-gel and metronidazole. AB - Bacteriological isolation of anaerobes, Gardnerella and lactobacilli was carried out in a group of 62 women with the diagnosis bacterial vaginosis and 42 control women. Lactobacilli were the predominant organisms in the control group whereas anaerobes dominated the flora in bacterial vaginosis patients. Lactate-gel (pH 3.5, 5 ml) inserted into the vagina daily for 7 days is as effective as oral metronidazole, 500 mg twice daily for 7 days. The women in both groups became symptom-free and objectively improved. Anaerobes were significantly reduced (p less than 0.0001) in both groups after 1-week treatment but Gardnerella was not significantly reduced. As bacterial vaginosis is generally looked upon as a mild noninflammatory condition lactate-gel seems to be an ideal treatment for this disease. PMID- 3485072 TI - Studies of natural killer activity and augmentation by OK-432 in patients with gynecological malignancies. AB - The natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activities were determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with gynecologic malignancy. The effects of a preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432) and of interferon were determined. Patients with advanced cancer exhibited lower natural cytotoxicity than normal women. NK and ADCC activities were decreased following surgery and NK activity was decreased following chemotherapy. Radiation reduced the percentage of Leu-7-positive cells in the circulation of the patients. OK-432 augmented the NK activity of both healthy women and patients with early malignancy. Interferon was less effective than OK 432 in augmenting NK activity. PMID- 3485073 TI - Distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) phenotypes in Denmark determined by separator isoelectric focusing in agarose gel. AB - The distribution of phenotypes of alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi) in 909 unrelated Danes was determined by the use of separator isoelectric focusing in agarose gel. The frequencies calculated were: PiM1 = 0.728, PiM2 = 0.136, PiM3 = 0.082, PiZ = 0.023, PiS = 0.022, PiF = 0.006, Pivar = 0.003. The segregation of phenotypes in 39 families with 94 children is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 3485074 TI - Serum protein polymorphisms in a Liberian population. AB - Serum protein variations were studied in a Liberian population living in Buchanan town. Of the alpha 1-antitrypsin genes only M1 and M3 were polymorphic. The frequencies of the haptoglobin and Gc genes were in accordance with earlier known estimates in African populations. There was, however, a relatively low frequency of Hp 0 which may be related to the low malarial parasite prevalence in this group. The transferrin C2 gene was found in a significantly lower frequency among Liberians compared to European and Asiatic populations. A new transferrin variant was observed by isoelectric focusing. This variant could not be identified with conventional starch or polyacrylamide electrophoresis. PMID- 3485076 TI - Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production in resistant and susceptible inbred mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. AB - In vitro production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by LPS-stimulated adherent peritoneal exudate and spleen cells and alveolar macrophages, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes were measured in resistant (C57BL/6J) and susceptible (A/J) inbred mice during the early stages of subacute infections with the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma congolense. Production of IL-1 was severely depressed in both mouse strains as early as 24 hr after intraperitoneal injection of bloodstream trypanosomes. Similarly, in both mouse strains, an early decline in IL-2 activity was observed, followed by partial recovery then depression to subnormal levels. These changes in measurable IL-1 and IL-2 activity in infected mice concurred with progressive depression in the spleen cell proliferative response to the mitogen concanavalin A. PMID- 3485078 TI - Induction of c-myc expression early in the course of B-cell activation: studies in normal humans and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The proliferative response of B lymphocytes to stimulation with anti-IgM antibodies and B-cell growth factors was studied in 27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 17 normal donors. In addition, the expression of messenger RNA of the proto-oncogene c-myc was also studied in B cells from SLE patients and normal donors. The proliferative response of lupus B cells to anti IgM and B-cell growth factors as compared to normal B cells demonstrated a wide range of responses, 10 were lower than normal and 8 were either normal or supernormal. As compared to normals, expression of B-cell c-myc RNA from SLE patients was either normal or depressed. In general in patients with SLE there was a positive correlation between levels of c-myc expression and the degree of proliferation in B-cells after stimulation with anti-IgM and B-cell growth factors. PMID- 3485077 TI - Activation of effector cells of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats: comparison of T-cell lines with primary cultured lymph node cells. AB - We studied the mechanism of activation of effector cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by using T-cell lines (EAE/TL) reactive against guinea pig myelin basic protein generated from in vivo primed lymph node cells (LNC) of Lewis rats. EAE-effector cells are activated in the presence of a specific antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APC) with a compatible Ia antigen. The antigen presentation occurs during the first 18 h. EAE-effector cells cannot be activated by allogeneic stimulator cells, but a nonspecific T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A, can activate the effector cells in the presence of syngeneic as well as allogeneic APC. PMID- 3485079 TI - Cytotoxic effect of heterologous and autologous serum factor on guinea pig thymocytes assayed by electronic cell volume distribution analysis. AB - The cytotoxic effect of serum on guinea pig thymocytes was studied by dye exclusion and by analysis of cell volume distribution curves obtained by means of a computer-assisted electronic cell volume distribution analyzer. Guinea pig, rabbit and human sera were shown to be cytotoxic for guinea pig thymocytes (incubation for 1 h at 37 degrees C or overnight at 4 degrees C). A similar, but less potent, activity was found in autologous guinea pig serum (4 degrees C). The activity was dialysable and lyophilizable but was destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. It was recovered after ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by dialysis. The effect of this dialysate was dose-dependent. A tentative definition of viable and dead cells was made on the basis of 'electronic' cell volume. The following results indicate that by this definition electronic cell volume distribution allowed detection of the cytotoxic serum factor: (1) sera and dialysates produced marked distortion of cell volume distribution curves, not seen in controls treated with heat-inactivated preparations; (2) the dose-response relationship was similar when dye exclusion and cell volume distribution was used as assay: (3) both methods detected similar differences in sensitivity of different thymocyte subpopulations to serum; (4) the electronic method could be used on separate thymocyte subpopulations although they differed in cell volume. This rapid, objective and reproducible method for studying the cytotoxic effect of sera may be useful during attempts to purify and identify the active factor(s). PMID- 3485080 TI - Substrate-dependent effect of epidermal growth factor on intercellular adhesion and synthesis of triton-insoluble proteins in human carcinoma A431 cells. AB - Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells attach more rapidly to collagen type-I and IV substrates than to surfaces coated with laminin or fibronectin. The diminished intercellular interaction and rounding up manifested when these cells are exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in tissue culture plastic or collagen films is not shown when the assay is performed on 3-dimensional collagen. In the latter substrate, cells exposed to EGF reveal greater cell cohesion with interdigitations and desmosomal junctions, compared to the limited intercellular interaction detected in similarly treated cells assayed in tissue culture substrate. Although the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, did not prevent these EGF-mediated changes, metabolic labelling indicated a substrate dependent effect of EGF on the synthesis of proteins associated with the Triton insoluble cytoskeletal matrix. The involvement of cytoskeleton components in the EGF effects on intercellular adhesion was shown by its susceptibility to cytochalasin B, known to disorganize actin-containing microfilaments. Some of the mechanisms of epithelial morphogenesis and the influence of extracellular matrix components on cell-receptor/growth-factor interactions may now be suitably analyzed by examining the EGF effects on A431 cells grown on different substrata. PMID- 3485081 TI - Chancroid. Recent advances in treatment and control. PMID- 3485075 TI - Lymphocyte activation by OKT3: cyclosporine sensitivity and synergism with phorbol ester. AB - Lymphocyte activation by the mitogenic monoclonal antibody OKT3 is less effective than activation by mitogenic lectins such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). Activation by OKT3 is also very sensitive to inhibition by cyclosporine (CSA), which selectively inhibits Ca2+-activated steps in the activation process. In addition, the magnitude of the OKT3 response can be raised to that seen with mitogenic lectins by coincubation with phorbol esters (which activate protein kinase C). These observations suggest that OKT3 may deliver efficiently the Ca2+ signal involved in the initiation of lymphocyte activation, and that the comparatively weak overall response is due to a failure to generate a second signal, probably the activation of protein kinase C, as efficiently as the mitogenic lectins. PMID- 3485082 TI - Fulminant cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and Sezary syndrome. AB - The term cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) has recently been coined to describe a group of rare lymphoproliferative T-cell disorders classically beginning in the skin and pursuing a chronic, progressive, and indolent course eventually followed by visceral involvement. This term encompasses the spectrum of the traditional mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. A unique case of CTCL that developed a fulminant course leading to death within a few months following the initial symptoms is presented. The clinical course bears a striking similarity to a group of acute T-cell malignancies, while the cytologic-pathologic findings favor the diagnosis of Sezary syndrome. Regardless of the exact classifications, this entity appears to be a highly malignant T-cell disorder, resistant to chemotherapy. PMID- 3485083 TI - Vitamin D2-induced hypercalcemia in rat lens. AB - Vitamin D2 (40,000 IU) per 100 g body weight was administered daily in male albino rats. The levels of calcium and inorganic phosphate were determined in serum and lens. Lens calcium was elevated in the treated rats by 40%. PMID- 3485084 TI - Gastric lipoma as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3485085 TI - Natural cytotoxicity in immunodeficiency diseases: preservation of natural killer activity and the in vivo appearance of radioresistant killing. AB - We studied spontaneous natural killer (NK) cell activity and radiation-resistant NK mediated cytotoxicity in four patients with clinically documented severe combined immune deficiency disease (SCID), and in one subject each with intestinal lymphangiectasia and cartilage-hair hypoplasia. We observed the preservation of spontaneous NK activity in all patients despite the presence of profound B- and T-lymphocytopenia and clinical immunodeficiency. NK activity was associated with relatively normal circulating numbers of OKM1+ lymphocytes, a population known to contain NK effectors. Spontaneous NK activity resistant to 3000 rad was increased in all patients, indicating the presence of activated natural killer cells in vivo. The concept of a chronically activated immune system in these patients was further supported by the presence of increased Ia positive T cells in all subjects tested, suggesting that radioresistant NK activity may be a useful parameter to measure when assessing in vivo immune activation. Our data, as well as that of others, supports the hypothesis that at least one population of NK cells is a distinct lineage arising at the differentiation level of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow. PMID- 3485087 TI - The synthesis and biological evaluation of 7 beta-[2-(5-amino-[1,2,4] oxadiazol-3 yl)-2-Z-methoximinoacetamido]-cephalosporin derivatives. AB - A series of 7 beta-[2-(5-aminooxadiazol-3-yl)-2-Z-methoximinoacetamido] -3-cephem 4-carboxylic acids (7a-g) were synthesized and evaluated microbiologically Although somewhat less active than cefotaxime 7a-g showed good antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The beta-lactamase stability of 7a and 7f was also discussed. PMID- 3485086 TI - New human MHC class I antigens segregating with HLA-A antigens detected on some lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Recent genetic studies of the murine chromosome 17 have demonstrated that many genes encode class I antigens, most of which are still not detected serologically; most of these genes belong to the Tla region. Five human alloantisera were selected from 383 female sera and were further studied using a panel of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), B lymphocytes (BL), and PHA activated lymphocytes (PHA-L) from the same blood donors. After intensive platelet absorption, the five sera still reacted positively by a complement dependent cytotoxicity technique with PHA-L, but negatively with PBL and BL. The antigens detected by these antibodies segregated with an HLA-A allele and were assumed to belong to the class I antigen series as they could be blocked by a turkey anti-beta 2 microglobulin serum. They were found on some lymphocyte populations: PHA-L, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) cells, and (preliminary results) a small subpopulation of PBL cells (mostly NK cells), but were not found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, T and early T acute lymphoblastic as well as myeloblastic leukemia cells. Kinetic studies showed that several hours of culture with PHA were necessary for the antigen to be expressed. These results show that the antigens described do not belong to the classic HLA antigen series but could be considered to belong to the human Qa-like antigens or to be the human counterpart to the second murine H-2K locus antigens. PMID- 3485088 TI - The synthesis and biological evaluation of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminooxazol-4-yl)-2-Z methoximinoacetamido]-cep halosporin antibiotics. AB - 7 beta-[2-(2-Aminooxazol-4-yl)-2-Z-methoximinoacetamido]-3-cep hem -4-carboxylic acids 12 and 13 were synthesized. The microbiological activity of 12 and 13 as well as the beta-lactamase stability of 12 were discussed. Both 12 and 13 were quite active against a wide variety of microorganisms although usually less active than cefotaxime. PMID- 3485089 TI - Antibiotic binding to human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, mouse leukemia L1210 cells and mouse thymocytes. AB - This report describes a system in which antibiotics could be compared for binding to different mammalian cells. These included functional phagocytes (human polymorphonuclear neutrophils; PMNs), non-phagocytic lymphocytes (mouse thymocytes), and non-functional leukocytes (mouse leukemia L1210 cells). When antibiotics bound to PMNs, they bound about the same to L1210 cells but much less to thymocytes. Combining these data with previous data, the ranking of cells that bound the greatest amount of antibiotics was: PMNs = L1210 cells = blood mononuclear leukocytes greater than thymocytes greater than erythrocytes. Thus, antibiotics bind differentially and not indiscriminately to mammalian cells. PMID- 3485090 TI - Trapping and hydrolysis are not mutually exclusive mechanisms for beta-lactamase mediated resistance. PMID- 3485092 TI - Inducible type I beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. AB - Mutants, showing either constitutive (depressed) or non-inducible expression of chromosomally-mediated Type I beta-lactamase were obtained from clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, Ent. aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wild-type and mutant strains were compared for susceptibility to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. Derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis generally, but not always, resulted in a marked reduction in susceptibility to the agents tested, including the '3rd generation' cephalosporins. In many cases, the observed resistance would preclude, or severely compromise, the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. In this context, depressed mutants of Enterobacter spp., Citro. freundii and Ps. aeruginosa could be of primary concern although those of Ser. marcescens, Prov. stuartii and Morg. morganii often exhibited equally high resistance levels to older beta-lactams. Comparison of the susceptibilities of the non-inducible mutants with that of their inducible parents suggested variation in the beta-lactamase inductive potency of different compounds in different organisms. For example, cefoxitin was a powerful inducer in Ent. cloacae, Citro. freundii and one strain of Ps. aeruginosa; similarly cefazolin and cefuroxime were good beta-lactamase inducers in Ser. marcescens and Morg. morganii. Aminothiazolyl-oxime cephalosporins and ureido-penicillins were generally poor inducers. From such comparisons, the contribution of inducible Type I beta-lactamase to resistance phenotype could be ascertained. PMID- 3485091 TI - Beta-lactamases with high activity against imipenem and Sch 34343 from Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - Two groups of inducible beta-lactamases were found among nine isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila. Five isolates produced enzymes with high activity against the penem Sch 34343 and the carbapenem imipenem: the enzymes from some of these isolates also had activity against penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephaloridine and cephalexin but one isolate produced an enzyme with no detectable activity against cephalosporins. The other four isolates produced typical 'cephalosporinases' with activity against cephaloridine and cephalexin but not against cefuroxime, cefotaxime, penicillins, imipenem or Sch 34343. PMID- 3485093 TI - Cloned fragment of diphtheria toxin linked to T cell-specific antibody identifies regions of B chain active in cell entry. AB - The role of discrete domains of diphtheria toxin (DT) B chain in cytosol entry and cytotoxicity was investigated by linking a monoclonal antibody recognizing the human T cell-specific antigen T3 (UCHT1) to diphtheria toxin (UCHT1-DT), DT A subunit (UCHT1-DTA), or to a genetically engineered form of DT (UCHT1-MspSA) lacking the C-terminal 17-kDa portion of the B subunit. The N-terminal 21-kDa region of DT B chain increased toxicity of UCHT1-DTA 100-fold (UCHT1-MspSA) while addition of the C-terminal 17-kDa region (UCHT1-DT) increased toxicity 100-fold more. The cytotoxicity was dependent upon antibody binding as demonstrated by blocking toxicity with excess UCHT1. The differences in toxicity between these reagents were not due to differences in ADP-ribosylation activity of DT A chain, binding activity of the antibody moiety, extent of DT nicking, or the cross linking method, so we conclude that the large differences in toxicity were due to the presence of different B chain domains. The large increase in toxicity by the C-terminal region of DT B did not appear to be caused by DT receptor binding. The lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl blocked the cytotoxic effect of DT, UCHT1-DT, and UCHT1-MspSA but not UCHT1-DTA. PMID- 3485094 TI - von Willebrand factor binds specifically to sulfated glycolipids. AB - The human plasma glycoprotein Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (vWF) binds specifically and with high affinity to sulfatides (galactosylceramide-I3 sulfate). vWF does not bind to gangliosides, neutral glycolipids, phospholipids, or cholesterol 3-sulfate. Although the largest oligomers of vWF bind preferentially to sulfatides, vWF monomers and dimers also bind but with reduced affinity. vWF binding is inhibited at high ionic strength or low pH, by some sulfated polysaccharides and by antibodies to vWF. Binding of vWF to sulfatides is probably responsible for its agglutination of aldehyde-fixed erythrocytes and may play a role in vWF-induced platelet adhesion or platelet aggregation. PMID- 3485095 TI - Kinetics of membrane immunoglobulin capping on murine B lymphocytes. Effects of phospholipid fatty acid replacement. AB - Detailed analyses regarding the effects of temperature and phospholipid fatty acid replacement on the capping of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) have been performed using a recently described flow cytometric procedure (Cuchens, M. A., and Buttke, T. M. (1984) Cytometry 5, 601-609). Purified murine B cells were incubated for 12-20 h in the presence of bovine serum albumin-complexed 80 microM stearic (18:0), oleic (cis-18:1), or linoleic (cis, cis-18:2) free fatty acids. Unmodified and free fatty acid-treated cells were stained with fluorescein conjugated rabbit anti-mouse Ig and subjected to pulse-shape (width) analyses to follow the kinetics of mIg capping. In both unmodified and free fatty acid treated cells, capping of mIg occurred at all temperatures between 17 and 37 degrees C, but the rate of cap formation was temperature dependent. Arrhenius plots of mIg capping were linear, with activation energies ranging from 14 to 23 kcal/mol depending on the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of B cell phospholipids. Ligand-induced redistribution of mIg thus appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane acyl chain composition. PMID- 3485096 TI - The synthesis of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Two zones (fasciculata and glomerulosa) possess one enzyme for 11 beta-, 18-hydroxylation, and aldehyde synthesis. AB - In order to establish the nature of the aldosterone synthetase activity in the adrenal cortex, we have used porcine adrenal, bovine adrenal cortex, highly purified bovine and porcine 11 beta-/18-hydroxylase, and antibodies raised against the latter enzyme. Mitochondria from two zones (glomerulosa and fasciculata) of the bovine cortex synthesize aldosterone, but those from glomerulosa are much more active than those from fasciculata. Partially purified (cholate-extracted plus ammonium sulfate-precipitated) extracts of mitochondria from the two zones are equally active in catalyzing all three steps in the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone. 18-Hydroxylase and aldehyde synthetase activities (18-hydroxycorticosterone----aldosterone) were completely precipitated from cholate extracts of mitochondria from bovine adrenal by antibodies to the pure porcine enzyme. No activity corresponding to any of the three steps in the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone was found in extramitochondrial fractions of the bovine cortex. Synthesis of aldosterone by the pure porcine enzyme was inhibited by antibodies to this enzyme and by metyrapone (an inhibitor of 11 beta-/18-hydroxylase). When fractions of porcine adrenal, resulting from purification of the enzyme from mitochondria, were exhaustively tested for any of the enzyme activities required for the synthesis of aldosterone, activity was found only in those fractions containing the 11 beta /18-hydroxylase, i.e. no additional enzyme was discarded during the purification procedure. It is concluded that the only adrenocortical enzyme capable of synthesizing aldosterone in bovine and porcine adrenal is the well known 11 beta hydroxylase, that the conversion of 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone is catalyzed by this cytochrome P-450, and that this step (aldehyde synthetase) requires the heme of the P-450 as demonstrated by the photochemical action spectrum. PMID- 3485097 TI - Promotion of human T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by fatty acids in low density and high density lipoproteins. AB - Mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and lymphocyte proliferation assessed by counting the number of cells were reduced by greater than 95% when cells were cultured at low density in the absence of serum. Supplementation with either transferrin or lipoprotein alone only partially restored lymphocyte responses. Addition of both transferrin and lipoproteins of each major subclass permitted mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation equal to that observed in serum-containing medium. The degree of enhancement was dependent on the concentration of the lipoprotein added and could not be explained by the nonspecific addition of protein to the defined medium. The mechanisms of growth promotion by various lipoprotein fractions did not appear to be explained by provision of cholesterol to the cells. Neither cholesterol nor cholesteryl ester from endogenous sources or supplied exogenously was able to enhance mitogen-induced lymphocyte responses. In contrast, fatty acids, phospholipid, and triglyceride alone supported lymphocyte responses. Furthermore, lipoproteins retained the capacity to enhance lymphocyte responses following extraction of neutral lipid. Both low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein, subclass 3, increased the number of cells initially activated by mitogenic stimulation and supported the subsequent continued growth of the activated cells. Low density lipoprotein was more efficient than high density lipoprotein, subclass 3, in this latter regard. These results indicate that lipoproteins can promote maximal growth of mitogen-activated lymphocytes in transferrin-containing medium by providing growth factors other than cholesterol necessary for initial activation and required for continued lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 3485098 TI - The interaction of 125I-colony-stimulating factor-1 with bone marrow-derived macrophages. AB - The colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, stimulates cultured quiescent murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) to enter DNA synthesis with a lag phase of 10-12 h. The binding, dissociation, internalization, and degradation of 125I-CSF-1 by BMM during the lag phase were investigated. Quiescent BMM express approximately 5 X 10(4) cell surface receptor sites/cell but contain additional cryptic sites (approximately 10(5)/cell) that can appear at the cell surface within 10 min at 37 degrees C. Studies of the binding reaction at both 2 degrees C (Kd less than or equal to 2 X 10(-13) M) and 37 degrees C (Kd approximately 4 X 10(-10) M) are consistent with the existence of a single class of cell surface sites. The disappearance of cell surface 125I-CSF-1 following a 2-37 degrees C temperature shift results from two, competitive, first order processes, internalization and dissociation. Internalization (t1/2 = 1.6 min) is 6 times more frequent than dissociation (t1/2 = 9.6 min). Following internalization, 10-15% of the intracellular CSF-1 is rapidly degraded whereas the remaining 85-90% is slowly degraded by a chloroquin-sensitive first order process (t1/2 greater than 3.5 h). These findings were confirmed and extended by studies of the uptake of 125I-CSF-1 at 37 degrees C. Following addition of 125I-CSF-1, cell surface receptors are rapidly down-regulated (t1/2 approximately 7 min) and their replacement does not commence until 20-60% of pre-existing surface receptor sites have disappeared. Despite receptor replacement, initially from the cryptic pool and later by de novo synthesis and/or receptor recycling (4 molecules/cell/s at steady state), the number of receptors at the cell surface remains low. The process results in the intracellular accumulation of large amounts of 125I-CSF-1 (greater than 10(5) molecules/cell) by BMM. Thus, whereas the kinetics of association, dissociation, and internalization of CSF-1 with BMM and peritoneal exudate macrophages are similar, BMM, which exhibit a higher proliferative response, degrade growth factor 12 times more slowly. PMID- 3485099 TI - Adhesion behavior of rat lymphocyte subpopulations (B cell and T cell) on the surface of polystyrene/polypeptide graft copolymer. AB - Polyvinyl/polypeptide graft copolymers having microdomain structure on their surfaces were newly synthesized for the development of a specific cell separator, and the adhesion behavior of rat lymphnode lymphocytes with these materials was examined by column method. Morphologic change of lymphocytes adherent to the graft copolymers was found to be less than that of cells adherent to corresponding homopolymers, i.e., polystyrene and poly (gamma-benzyl L glutamate). Separation of lymphocyte subpopulations (B cell and T cell) was examined in the absence of serum proteins. The adhesion selectivity for B cell was found to depend on the microdomain structure, since the highest value, 2,2, was observed for the graft copolymer with the polypeptide content of 50 wt%. Synthetic polypeptide derivatives may be promising materials which substitute for a conventional system with nylon fiber and fetal calf serum. PMID- 3485100 TI - Macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltrating the rat mammary carcinoma HH9-cl 14 in progressive and regressive tumor growth. An immunohistological study. AB - Ascites tumor cells (2 X 10(6] of a DMBA-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma (HH9 cl 14) were injected s.c. into tumor-free syngeneic female rats and produced a continuously growing solid tumor in all animals of this group. Inoculation of 2 X 10(7) cells induced a first brief period of tumor growth, followed by complete tumor regression from the 2nd until the 5th week after injection. Both the progressive and the regressive tumors were analyzed immunohistologically at different stages with monoclonal antibodies against different T lymphocytes and macrophages. Obviously these cells appear in different quantity and quality, during the hosts immune response. Possible interactions of T lymphocytes and macrophages with tumor cells are discussed. PMID- 3485103 TI - Acquired left coronary artery to left atrium fistula: unusual complication of aortocoronary bypass. AB - This report describes a very unusual complication of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. It consists of the formation of an acquired fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and the left atrium in a patient who was operated two years prior to its clinical presentation. Significant coronary steal gave rise to disabling angina and prompted a second operation to close the fistula. The diagnosis was made with selective arteriogram that clearly delineated the fistulous tract and surgery was accomplished without extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 3485102 TI - Effect of interleukin-2 on the manifestation and growth of acetoxymethyl methylnitrosamine-induced colorectal rat adenocarcinoma. AB - The effect of highly purified human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was assessed on acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine(AMMN)-induced colorectal Sprague-Dawley rat adenocarcinoma. Treatment was given for 5 weeks and started 5 weeks after a period of 10 weeks intrarectal administration of 2 mg/kg of AMMN once a week. Animals which showed no evidence of tumors by endoscopical examination of the gut were given 10,000 units/kg of IL-2 s.c. into the dorsal region 5 days a week. Blood samples were analyzed from half of the animals before and 72 h after the end of the treatment. The median tumor volume and the median tumor number per rat were lower in the treated group than in the control. A significant decrease in response to two mitogens (PHA, Con-A) was seen in tumor-bearing rats concomitantly with the tumor growth. The immunological suppression was not restored by treatment with IL-2. No differences in natural killer activity or interferon levels were detected between the control and the treated group. These data indicate some antitumor effect of IL-2 given before the manifestation of tumors in AMMN-induced colorectal rat adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3485101 TI - Serial immunological testing in patients with gastric cancer. AB - Standard immunological parameters measuring non-specific cellular immune reactivity were determined in 175 patients with different stages of gastric cancer prior to surgery and during follow-up. Several tests measuring monocyte activity were also employed. The total number of T cells and their subpopulations Ta and T29o was unchanged except depression of T29o in stage IV. The blastogenic response of lymphocytes to PHA as assessed by stimulation of protein synthesis was only depressed in stage IV. In contrast the PHA-induced lymphokine production was increased in all patients but the differences were significant for stage III and IV. Monocyte Fc receptor expression was increased in stages II-IV, while nitro blue tetrazolium reduction and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of monocytes was elevated in stage IV. The number of extractable monocytes was not increased. Longitudinal studies suggested that most of the parameters normalized during follow-up. No major long-term impact of chemoimmunotherapy (5-FU + BCG) on the immune parameters was observed except a transient increase in PPD reactivity approximately 1 year after commencement of treatment. In patients with stage III gastric cancer the increased occurrence of suppressor cells (mostly monocytes) and elevated cytostatic activity of monocytes was associated with a longer survival while the increased lymphokine production and Fc receptor expression were seen in the group of patients succumbing earlier. We concluded that most of the changes in immune parameters were seen only in advanced disease and paradoxically disappeared in the course of disease. The determination of monocyte activity seems to be a sensitive indicator of immune system dearrangements in earlier stages of cancer and a useful prognostic factor in gastric cancer. PMID- 3485104 TI - Mesoatrial shunting for portal decompression in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - A 36-year-old Chinese man with alcoholic cirrhosis presented to hospital with exsanguinating variceal hemorrhage. Conventional porta-systemic decompressive operations could not be done because of dense vascular adhesions from two previous operations and a sub-hepatic abcess. A mesenteric-to-right-atrial shunt was done with successful control of hemorrhage and reduction of portal pressure. Long-term follow-up reveals no further bleeding and a return to full-time employment. We conclude that mesoatrial shunting is a useful alternative procedure for portasystemic decompression in alcoholic cirrhosis, although one which will be needed only in unusual circumstances. PMID- 3485105 TI - Bridgelike interconnections between thick filaments in stretched skeletal muscle fibers observed by the freeze-fracture method. AB - The ultrastructure of frog semitendinosus muscle was explored using the freeze fracture, deep-etch, rotary-shadowing technique. Mechanically skinned fibers were stretched to decrease or eliminate the overlap of thick and thin filaments before rapid freezing with liquid propane. In relaxed, contracting, and rigor fibers, a significant number of bridgelike interconnections, distinct from those observed in the M-region, were observed between adjacent thick filaments in the non overlap region. Their half-length and diameter corresponded approximately to the known dimensions of the cross-bridge (or myosin S-1). The interconnection may thus be formed by the binding of two apposed cross-bridges projecting from adjacent thick filaments. Fixation with 0.5% glutaraldehyde for 5-10 min before freezing effectively preserved these structures. The results indicate that the interconnections are genuine structures that appear commonly in stretched muscle fibers. They may play a role in stabilizing the thick filament lattice, and possibly in the contractile process. PMID- 3485106 TI - Globular and asymmetric acetylcholinesterase in frog muscle basal lamina sheaths. AB - After denervation in vivo, the frog cutaneus pectoris muscle can be led to degenerate by sectioning the muscle fibers on both sides of the region rich in motor endplate, leaving, 2 wk later, a muscle bridge containing the basal lamina (BL) sheaths of the muscle fibers (28). This preparation still contains various tissue remnants and some acetylcholine receptor-containing membranes. A further mild extraction by Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent, gives a pure BL sheath preparation, devoid of acetylcholine receptors. At the electron microscope level, this latter preparation is essentially composed of the muscle BL with no attached plasmic membrane and cellular component originating from Schwann cells or macrophages. Acetylcholinesterase is still present in high amounts in this BL sheath preparation. In both preparations, five major molecular forms (18, 14, 11, 6, and 3.5 S) can be identified that have either an asymmetric or a globular character. Their relative amount is found to be very similar in the BL and in the motor endplate-rich region of control muscle. Thus, observations show that all acetylcholinesterase forms can be accumulated in frog muscle BL. PMID- 3485108 TI - Simultaneous quantitative measurement of fourteen adrenal steroids by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and its clinical application. AB - Until now, there has been little work covering all of the main native adrenal cortical steroids in blood. We therefore established a method for the simultaneous quantitative measurement of 14 native adrenal-cortical steroids, which involves capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC--MS). Serum steroids were purified from serum with the Extrelut mini-column and then converted into stable derivatives for GC-MS by a combination of boronic cyclization and trimethylsilyl and methyloxime derivatization. The sensitivities (with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than or equal to 7) of our GC-MS method ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 ng/ml of serum, and the coefficients of variation of intra and inter-assays were less than 19% for each steroid. Our newly devised method involving a capillary column GC-MS system has been proven to be a simple and suitable method for a diagnosis requiring simultaneous detection of many native adrenal steroids in clinical practice. The analysis time is only 4 h. PMID- 3485109 TI - Automated capillary gas chromatographic assay using nitrogen-phosphorus ionization detection for the determination of bepridil in human plasma. AB - A highly sensitive and specific capillary gas chromatographic method for the determination of the antianginal drug bepridil in plasma is described. The capillary gas chromatograph and nitrogen-selective detector combination provides excellent sensitivity for clinical samples. The lowest concentration of bepridil which can be measured accurately and precisely in a 1-ml plasma sample is 1 ng/ml. Standard curves are linear over the concentration range 1-60 ng/ml. Accuracy and precision of the assay, expressed as relative deviation from the true value and relative standard deviation (inter-run) are less than 15% at all concentrations in the linear range. No interfering peaks are observed. Using an automatic injector and a laboratory computer system, sixty samples can be analyzed routinely in one day. The present assay has been successfully cross validated with a published high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. PMID- 3485107 TI - Persistent production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) by cloned bone marrow stromal cell line D2XRII after X-irradiation. AB - The adherent stromal layer in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) provides the cellular environment necessary for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells. The role of humoral hematopoietic growth factors, colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in the regulation of hematopoietic cell production in this system is poorly understood. We have recently isolated and cloned an adherent cell line, D2XRII, derived from murine LTBMC. Plateau phase 25 cm2 cultures of 2 X 10(6) D2XRII cells in 8.0 ml produced CSF-1 (M-CSF) at around 100-150 units/0.1 ml medium. Following X-irradiation there was a dose-dependent decrease in the production of CSF-1 to a plateau of 50% of control levels at 10,000 rad. Higher doses did not produce a further decrease. The X-ray dose reducing CSF-1 production to 50% was 100-fold above the lethal dose as measured by clonagenic survival following trypsinization and replating. Trypsinized replated viable adherent but nondividing X-irradiated D2XRII cells were maintained for up to 8 weeks after irradiation and demonstrated continuous production of CSF-1. The data indicate significant divergence of two biologic effects of X-irradiation on plateau-phase marrow stromal cells: physiologic function of adherence and CSF-1 production, versus proliferative integrity. This divergence of effects may be very relevant to understanding the mechanism of X-irradiation-associated marrow suppression and leukemogenesis. PMID- 3485110 TI - Determination of tenoxicam in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tenoxicam in plasma has been developed. Tenoxicam was extracted from buffered plasma (pH 3 or 4, respectively) with dichloromethane and the evaporated extracts were analysed on a C18 reversed-phase column using a methanol-phosphate buffer mobile phase and with UV detection at 371 nm. The detection limit was 20 ng/ml using a 0.5-ml sample. The method is selective with respect to the 5'-hydroxy metabolite, which is present in plasma after multiple administration of tenoxicam; this metabolite may also be determined using this procedure. PMID- 3485111 TI - Subunit composition of plasma von Willebrand factor. Cleavage is present in normal individuals, increased in IIA and IIB von Willebrand disease, but minimal in variants with aberrant structure of individual oligomers (types IIC, IID, and IIE). AB - We have evaluated the subunit composition of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and found evidence that cleavage is present in normal individuals, increased in IIA and IIB von Willebrand disease (vWD), but decreased or absent in variants with aberrant structure of individual oligomers. vWF was rapidly purified from plasma on an analytical scale by monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography in the presence of protease inhibitors. After reduction and electrophoresis in 5% polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, fragments of 189, 176, and 140 kD, as well as the predominant 225-kD subunit, were identified in plasma vWF from 25 normal individuals. The vWF polypeptides were detected by immunoblotting with a mixture of 55 anti-vWF monoclonal antibodies followed by 125I-rabbit anti-mouse antibody and autoradiography. In five individuals with type IIA and five individuals with type IIB vWD, the proportions of 176 and 140-kD fragments were increased relative to the intact 225 kD subunit, as determined by excising each band and quantitating incorporated radioactivity. In contrast, these fragments were either not detectable or were present in only trace amounts in variants with abnormal structure of individual oligomers (types IIC and IID, and a new variant, type IIE vWD). The results reported here provide evidence that absence of large vWF multimers in these two groups of variants results from different mechanisms. In addition, they demonstrate that partial cleavage of the plasma vWF subunit is a normal event. PMID- 3485112 TI - Potentiation of human immunoglobulin E synthesis by plasma immunoglobulin E binding factors from patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. AB - Affinity-purified IgE-binding factors from the plasma of patients with the hyper IgE syndrome (HIE) were assessed for their capacity to enhance IgE synthesis by B cells derived from patients with allergic rhinitis or normal nonatopic donors. IgE-binding factors from three of four HIE patients enhanced IgE synthesis by B cells from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, or with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and recent pollen exposure, but did not enhance IgE synthesis by B cells from nonatopic donors or from SAR patients with no recent pollen exposure. IgG synthesis was not affected by HIE IgE binding factors. In contrast, IgE binding factors from three of three nonatopic donors failed to enhance IgE or IgG synthesis. Plasma IgE-binding factors from the fourth patient with HIE contained a mixture of IgE-potentiating activity and IgE-suppressive activity. These two activities could be separated on concanavalin A Sepharose or peanut agglutinin agarose columns. Human IgE potentiating factor, but not IgE suppressive factor, had affinity for concanavalin A but not peanut agglutinin and fractionated into two peaks on gel filtration over Sephadex G-75: one peak with a molecular size of approximately 15,000 D and the other with a molecular size of approximately 60,000 D. The isolation of functional IgE binding factors which potentiate IgE synthesis from the plasma of patients with HIE suggests that IgE-binding factors play an important role in the in vivo regulation of IgE synthesis in man. PMID- 3485114 TI - Study of postoperative chest infections with particular emphasis on those caused by Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Fifteen per cent of patients admitted to a male general surgical ward were found to be carrying Haemophilus influenzae. Except for patients with chronic bronchitis, who developed an infection with the same micro-organism, carriage did not predispose patients to postoperative chest infection. Age, heavy smoking, and abdominal surgery increased the likelihood of respiratory infection after operation. H influenzae accounted for 58% of bacterial pathogens isolated from sputum, and most infections occurred within 48 hours of operation. Chemotyping showed that most infections were caused by different strains, and cross infection by H influenzae seemed to be rare. Cefuroxime given during anaesthesia did not prevent postoperative chest infection. PMID- 3485113 TI - Serum bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in primary hyperparathyroidism and in malignant hypercalcemia. Comparison with bone histomorphometry. AB - Serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla) protein (sBGP), a sensitive and specific marker of bone turnover, was measured in 25 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in 24 patients with bone metastases with or without hypercalcemia. Despite similar levels of hypercalcemia, sBGP was increased in primary hyperparathyroidism (14.2 +/- 9.6 ng/ml, P less than 0.001), was decreased in malignant hypercalcemia (3.1 +/- 2.8 ng/ml, P less than 0.001), and was normal in patients with bone metastases without hypercalcemia (6.6 +/- 2.7 ng/ml). In primary hyperparathyroidism, sBGP was correlated with serum immuno reactive parathyroid hormone (r = 0.90), calcium (r = 0.73), and with the adenoma weight (r = 0.79). After parathyroidectomy, sBGP slowly returned to normal values within 2-6 mo, suggesting that sBGP reflects increased bone turnover rather than a direct effect of parathyroid hormone on BGP synthesis at the cell level. An iliac crest biopsy was performed in 11 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in 9 cancer patients in a noninvaded area. sBGP was significantly correlated with all parameters reflecting bone formation but not with bone resorption. Patients with bone metastases were analyzed according to the presence or the absence of hypercalcemia. In contrast to normocalcemic patients who had normal sBGP, hypercalcemic patients had decreased sBGP (P less than 0.001) and a lower bone formation at the cellular level (P less than 0.05). Thus, biochemical and histological data suggest that an unknown humoral factor might be responsible for this uncoupling between increased resorption and decreased formation. This uncoupling, rather than local release of calcium by the metastatic process, might be responsible for hypercalcemia in patients with bone metastases. PMID- 3485116 TI - Marrow involvement with T cell lymphoma initially presenting as abnormal myelopoiesis. AB - Three cases of T cell lymphoma affecting the marrow, in which initial bone marrow appearances were misleading, occurred. In each case the initial clinical presentation was related to cytopenia, but the marrow abnormalities at this time suggested an abnormal myeloid proliferative state, with no evidence of a malignant lymphoid proliferation. Later in the course of the disease, however, the characteristic pattern of marrow infiltration by mature post-thymic T cells became evident. The consequent delay (two to 36 months) in diagnosis was noted. PMID- 3485115 TI - Idiopathic haemochromatosis and HLA antigens in Italy: is A3 Bw35 HLA haplotype a marker for idiopathic haemochromatosis gene in north east regions? AB - Thirty two unrelated Italian subjects with idiopathic haemochromatosis were studied. HLA-A3 was present in 26 of them (81% v 22% in controls; p less than 0.001) and HLA B7 in eight (28% v 9%; p less than 0.01). There was no important association between idiopathic haemochromatosis and HLA B14. Subdividing the patients on the basis of their regional origin a noticeably higher prevalence of HLA Bw35 in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis from north eastern Italy was found than in those from Lombardy, or in the controls; there were no differences in the incidence of HLA A3 and B7 between patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis from different areas. A high prevalence of A3, Bw35, and A3, B7 haplotypes was found in our patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. A3, Bw35 could be the haplotype most commonly linked to the idiopathic haemochromatosis gene in north eastern Italy. PMID- 3485118 TI - T lymphocyte numbers and serum E rosette inhibitory substance. PMID- 3485117 TI - Lupus nephritis: clinicopathological study of 162 cases in Thailand. AB - One hundred and sixty two cases of lupus nephritis biopsied over three years in Thailand were studied. A pattern of clinical and histological renal disease very similar to that seen in the United States or Europe emerged. The predominant histological type was World Health Organisation class IV (diffuse proliferative; 58.6%). Patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine greater than or equal to 2 mg/100 ml) or hypertension at the time of biopsy had a considerably worse three year survival. Certain features such as sclerotic glomeruli, tubular atrophy, and an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate were significantly associated with a worse outcome (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01), and patients who died with poor renal function had significantly higher chronicity scores than those in other groups (p less than 0.05). These findings emphasise the importance of chronic renal damage in the morbidity and mortality of patients with lupus nephritis. PMID- 3485120 TI - Stellate cell development in the frog cerebellum during spontaneous and thyroxine induced metamorphosis. AB - Stellate cell development was studied in the bullfrog cerebellum during spontaneous and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis using the Golgi-Kopsch method and electron microscopy. Cells that possessed axosomatic synapses and resembled stellate cells were present even in the incipient molecular layer of the cerebellum in the premetamorphic tadpole. These cells may have originated from the early, transient wave of external granule cells that have been reported in the cerebellum of premetamorphic tadpoles in the first 6 months of development, and may constitute the variant population of stellate cells that are present later during development or the degenerating cells that have been observed during metamorphosis as scattered dying cells in the molecular layer. Typical stellate cells, whose development resembled the genesis and differentiation of stellate cells in birds and mammals, were initially observed at the outer border of the molecular layer that is adjacent to the external granular layer during the onset of metamorphosis. These stellate cells were bipolar with processes extending in a plane perpendicular to elongating parallel fibers, and with progressive development, became multipolar with dendrites oriented in various directions with respect to the pia. Stellate cell axons innervate the dendrites and somata of Purkinje cells and other stellate cells, and can be categorized into two types: (1) axons with extensive branching near the soma of origin, and (2) long axons with few branches that occasionally terminate in the Purkinje cell layer. Atypical neurons that did not resemble typical stellate cells were also present in the molecular layer; these might be classified as a stellate cell variant. The generation and differentiation of stellate cells can be induced 1 to 2 years prematurely by administering thyroid hormone to premetamorphic tadpoles. Like most events of cerebellar histogenesis in the frog, stellate cell development also appears to be largely a thyroid-dependent phenomenon. PMID- 3485119 TI - Comparative efficacy study of chewable aspirin and acetaminophen in the antipyresis of children. AB - Aspirin and acetaminophen are the most widely used antipyretics in pediatrics. Most clinicians believe the drugs to be equally effective, though clinical opinion often suggests that aspirin is more effective at higher temperatures. Fifty-nine outpatients (age range, 2-8 years), presenting with rectal temperatures of 38.8 to 40.5 degrees C, were enrolled in this double-blind trial. The children were stratified by weight and initial temperature. One dose of chewable aspirin or acetaminophen (10-15 mg/kg based on current recommendations for weight) was administered, and rectal temperatures were monitored for three hours. Of the 59 patients enrolled, 46 successfully completed the protocol. Both drugs significantly reduced temperatures in the groups studied. Age did not influence the response of the children to the antipyretic effects of either drug. Aspirin and acetaminophen appeared equally effective when initial temperatures were between 38.8 and 39.9 degrees C. However, when the initial temperature was between 40.0 and 40.5 degrees C, the duration of effect of acetaminophen was shorter than that for aspirin. This suggests that therapeutic differences in the antipyretic activities of aspirin and acetaminophen may exist at higher temperatures. PMID- 3485121 TI - HLA-DR4 in alopecia areata. PMID- 3485122 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis after oxicam use. PMID- 3485124 TI - A technique for the correction of scattered radiation in a PET system using time of-flight information. AB - The time-of-flight information has been used in the development of a correction technique for the effects of radiation scattering in a positron emission tomography system. A two-dimensional function describing the scattered radiation distribution is added to the response of the system. A deconvolution filter that depends on parameters that were experimentally determined from measurements of a linear source located in a scattering medium is derived. The method was tested on cold spot cylindrical phantoms. The relative intensity of events from scattered radiation is significantly reduced and the contrast is thus improved. This technique does not require any additional computing time and can be included in standard reconstruction procedure. PMID- 3485123 TI - Dopamine receptors in pituitary adenomas: PET visualization with 11C-N methylspiperone. AB - Two patients with pituitary tumors were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) after intravenous administration of 11C-N-methylspiperone. In repeat studies the patients were given 1 mg of intravenous haloperidol prior to the administration of the radioligand to block the dopamine receptors. High uptakes of the radiolabeled ligand were seen in one of the tumors. With haloperidol pretreatment the uptake was lower, probably mainly showing the remaining unspecific binding. The most marked uptake and the largest effect of haloperidol pretreatment was seen in a patient with a hormonally active prolactinoma. Dopamine receptor binding in pituitary tumors can be demonstrated in vivo with PET, and quantification of this binding is possible using a compartmental model. This technique may be useful in improving our understanding of the variable response to medical treatment of prolactinomas with dopamine agonists as well as in the prediction of the effect of such treatment. PMID- 3485125 TI - Scatter distribution in transmission measurements with positron emission tomography. AB - The distribution of scattered radiation was measured for transmission scans in positron emission tomography by adding the scattered radiation distributions in different projections from line source experiments. It is shown that in a 20 cm diameter water-filled phantom the scattered radiation effects contribute approximately one-third of the events centrally in the field of view. This may lead to systematic errors of the order of 15-25% in reconstructed images. A scheme for correction for scattered radiation effects in the transmission scans is described and tested in phantom experiments. PMID- 3485127 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and granulomatous angiitis. An ill-appreciated cause of stroke. AB - The syndrome of granulomatous angiitis related to varicella zoster virus infection often manifests as herpes zoster ophthalmicus followed by contralateral hemiplegia. Forty-five cases have been reported to date, and the authors' experience with two additional cases seen in a one-year period is described. Given the frequency of both stroke and herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an aging population, the authors postulate that granulomatous angiitis is underdiagnosed. There is need for increased awareness of this disease by the non-neurologist. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are reviewed. PMID- 3485126 TI - Oral findings in people with or at high risk for AIDS: a study of 375 homosexual males. AB - A total of 375 homosexual males were studied to assess the dental findings, life style, and risk factors during a 4-year period. At baseline, 136 of the patients were diagnosed as having AIDS, 116 were considered at risk for AIDS, and 123 were considered healthy. In a mean follow-up time of 23 months, nine of the patients at risk for AIDS and five of the patients considered healthy were diagnosed as having AIDS. Kaposi's sarcoma was the most common oral neoplasm, and candidiasis was the most frequent oral infection. Hairy leukoplakia was found in 28% of the patients, and periodontal disease was found in 17% of the patients. Carriers of the AIDS virus may not be identified easily and control measures in the dental office must be followed. PMID- 3485128 TI - Axial computed tomographic anatomy of the foot: Part III. Forefoot. AB - Cross-sectional osseous and soft tissue anatomy of the human forefoot as demonstrated by high resolution computed tomography (CT) is described. This report serves an important baseline function because CT may be useful for the evaluation of a variety of forefoot disorders in the clinical setting. PMID- 3485130 TI - Upper GI hemorrhage: new therapies. Critical care medicine. PMID- 3485129 TI - A Swedish family with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, haemochromatosis, haemoglobinopathy D and early death in liver cirrhosis. AB - We report a unique family with chronic liver disease associated with three different inborn errors, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary haemochromatosis and haemoglobinopathy Hb-D Punjab. The probability of acquiring these three rare genes is less than 1/10(9). In one generation 4 of 5 individuals have died of liver failure between 51 and 63 years of age. PMID- 3485131 TI - Corticosteroid-induced suppression of murine B cell immune response antigens. AB - The quantitative variation in expression of B cell surface immune response associated antigens (sIa) that is induced by in vivo i.v. administration of dexamethasone was studied by flow microfluorometry. Injection of 40 micrograms of dexamethasone resulted in a 35 to 40% reduction in the expression of sIa within 3 hr, reached its maximum effect within 6 hr, which on average resulted in 75% suppression of control values of sIa, and by 12 hr after injection began returning towards baseline levels. The suppressive effect of dexamethasone on B cell sIa was dose dependent with respect to the length of time required to reach maximal suppression, as well as with respect to the duration of suppression that was attained. When injections of dexamethasone were repeated on consecutive days, no additional increase in the level of sIa suppression achieved was observed. B cell sIa was also diminished after injection of dexamethasone into athymic nude mice, which suggests that the suppressive effect of dexamethasone on B cell expression of sIa is not a T cell-dependent phenomenon. Taken together, these data suggest that the suppression of B cell sIa by corticosteroids may be a means whereby endogenous or exogenous corticosteroids are able to influence the normal as well as abnormal immunologic state. PMID- 3485132 TI - Two distinct monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, each independently induce biosynthesis and transient expression of the same antigen on the surface of cultured human vascular endothelial cells. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody (H4/18) raised against cultured human endothelial cells (HEC) prestimulated by the monokine interleukin 1 (IL 1) recognizes a cell surface molecule inducible by IL 1 or by the distinct monokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in primary or serially passaged HEC. H4/18 binding is not basally expressed or inducible by IL 1 in an SV-40 transformed HEC line, in human dermal fibroblasts, or in blood leukocytes. Expression of this molecule by HEC in response to IL 1 can be blocked by protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors but not by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. In addition, H4/18 can immunoprecipitate two biosynthetically labeled polypeptides (Mr 100,000 and 120,000) from HEC stimulated with IL 1 but not from control HEC. Thus, the H4/18 binding site appears to be an inducible surface protein specific for HEC. The majority of HEC in a culture can be induced to express the H4/18 binding protein, but expression is transient (peak 4 to 6 hr) and over the next 24 hr declines to near basal levels either in the continued presence of or upon removal of IL 1. The magnitude of the peak response depends upon IL 1 concentration (peak 5 to 10 U/ml), and the response is optimized by the continued presence of IL 1 during the initial 4- to 6-hr induction period. The time of peak H4/18 binding does not appear to be a function of IL 1 concentration. The decline of H4/18 binding from peak levels is prevented by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. HEC maintained in the presence of IL 1 for 24 hr become refractory to restimulation by IL 1; however, IL 1-stimulated cells rested in the absence of IL 1 for 20 hr can be stimulated by fresh IL 1. HEC expression of the H4/18 binding protein is not induced by interleukin 2 or by interferon-alpha, -beta, or -gamma. Induction of H4/18 binding by TNF is also concentration dependent, transient, and dependent upon protein and RNA synthesis. Several observations suggest that IL1 and TNF act independently on HEC. Our TNF is a recombinant protein, expressed from a cloned cDNA and thus free of IL 1 contamination; it also has no activity in a highly sensitive IL 1 assay. Our standard IL 1 preparation is affinity purified and lacks TNF activity on L929 cells. Thus, our monokine preparations are not cross contaminated. Most interestingly, HEC incubated with IL 1 and refractory to IL1 restimulation can be restimulated by TNF to express H4/18 binding and vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485133 TI - In vitro production of interleukin 1 by normal and malignant human B lymphocytes. AB - In this study, the capacity of normal and neoplastic B lymphocytes to release interleukin 1 (IL 1) has been investigated. Peripheral blood B cells from normal donors were isolated by depletion of E rosetting cells and by positive selection of cells expressing surface immunoglobulin (sIg) or the B1 marker. Peripheral blood B cells from patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) were purified by removal of E rosetting cells followed by complement-mediated cytotoxicity with selected monoclonal antibodies. All of the normal B cell suspensions and the large majority of the B-CLL cells produced in culture high amounts of IL 1 in the absence of any apparent stimulus. Control experiments ruled out that small numbers of monocytes in the B cell suspensions could represent the source of IL 1. These data support the contention that B cells participate to the immune response as accessory cells for T cell activation not only by physically presenting antigen, but also by releasing IL 1. PMID- 3485135 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against an H-2Kb-specific cytotoxic T cell clone detect several clone-specific molecules. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were prepared from the spleen of a BALB.K mouse immunized with a H-2Kb-specific alloreactive cytolytic T cell (CTL) clone of B10.BR origin, KB5-C20. Six of these mAb were selected for specific binding to the immunizing clone. Only one of these mAb, Desire-1, inhibited the CTL activity of clone KB5-C20. Functional and biochemical evidence showed mAb Desire-1 to be anti-clonotypic (anti-Ti). This mAb immunoprecipitated from lysates of clone KB5 C20 a protein that migrated at 80 KD in nonreducing conditions and at 40 to 45 KD in reducing conditions. Analysis in NEPHGE resolved the latter into an acidic chain of 43 KD and a basic chain of 40 KD. An additional protein was coprecipitated at 25 KD in nonreducing and 27 KD in reducing conditions, which was distinct from the Thy-1 antigen. Expression of the clonotype defined by Desire-1 was found on clone KB5-C20 and on clone KB5-A7 originating from the same B10.BR T cell population. These two clones exhibited a similar pattern of reactivity on H-2Kbm mutant target cells. Another clone (KB5-C1) from the same B10.BR T population showed a distinct reactivity pattern on the H-2Kbm mutant target cells and did not express the Desire-1 clonotype, nor did Con A-activated B10.BR blast cells or H-2Kb-specific clone BM3.3 of CBA/J origin. Among the five other selected mAb, one reacted with the three Kb-specific CTL clones of B10.BR, but not with the Kb-specific clone of CBA origin, whereas the last four mAb bound only to clone KB5-C20. None of these mAb could immunoprecipitate the Ti alpha/beta chains. Ti modulation induced by mAb Desire-1 on clone KB5-C20 did not induce comodulation of the structures bound by the other five mAb on clone KB5 C20, thus indicating that these structures were not part of the Ti-T3 complex. These results characterize a clonotypic mAb reacting with an H-2Kb-specific CTL clone that will be useful in future studies. They also indicate that screening for clone-specific mAb by selective binding assays may select for mAb against as yet undefined structures, some of which exhibit an apparently clone-specific distribution. PMID- 3485134 TI - Therapy of murine leukemia with cyclophosphamide and immune Lyt-2+ cells: cytolytic T cells can mediate eradication of disseminated leukemia. AB - Several animal models have been developed in which the adoptive transfer of specifically immune syngeneic T cells has been shown to mediate the eradication of established tumors. In adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) of disseminated FBL leukemia with cyclophosphamide and immune T cells, the major effector T cell has been shown to be a noncytolytic Lyt-1+2- T cell that mediates its therapeutic effect without the participation of CTL. Because studies in other models have suggested that CTL can mediate an anti-tumor effect, the efficacy of Lyt-2+ T cells rendered highly cytolytic before adoptive transfer in ACIT of disseminated FBL was examined. The results demonstrated that such CTL had a detectable but limited therapeutic effect in the treatment of FBL. Because this limited activity of transferred purified CTL might have reflected a requirement for helper T cells to produce IL 2 for promotion of the in vivo survival and proliferation of the CTL, the effect of administering IL 2 to tumor-bearing hosts after transfer of CTL was examined. A dose of IL 2 previously shown to induce in vivo proliferation of transferred T cells rendered CTL that were minimally effective alone curative in ACIT of FBL leukemia. Thus, either lymphokine-producing T cells or the lymphokines produced by these cells are necessary for the full expression of the in vivo therapeutic potential of CTL. PMID- 3485136 TI - T15 dominance in BALB/c mice is not controlled by environmental factors. AB - The effects of the environment on the expression of T15 in the in vivo anti-PC response of BALB/c mice were analyzed. T15 dominance in young BALB/c mice was independent of the expression of T15 dominance in either parent, because the offspring of parental mice that were suppressed for T15 production presented antibody responses dominated by the T15 idiotype. Also, dominant T15 expression was independent of living microorganisms; mice raised in conventional, specific pathogen-free or germfree conditions mounted similar T15 dominant antibody responses. Furthermore, T15 expression was independent of the conventional diet, because mice raised on a synthetic diet produced T15-dominant antibody responses. Moreover, mice that received a synthetic diet under germfree conditions also produced T15 dominant antibody responses. Thus, the generation of T15 dominance in BALB/c mice appears to be independent of environmental factors and within the context of the present and earlier results, originates at the level of B cell mediated clonal selection/regulation, genetic mechanisms concerning Ig gene rearrangement and expression and/or the fine specificity of the combining site for antigen on the B cell. PMID- 3485137 TI - A mutation in a non-MHC murine cell surface antigen detectable by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - During the course of screening new T-H-2 region congenic strains of mice constructed from the C57BL/6 and B6-H-2k strains, a new cell surface polymorphism, designated dtc-1, was identified by cell-mediated lympholysis techniques. The dtc-1 antigen can be found on both Con A- and LPS-stimulated lymphoblasts, peritoneal macrophages, and SV40-transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts. Lysis of dtc-1+ targets by CTL is H-2Dk restricted. All inbred strains tested are dtc-1+, with the exception of the B6-H-2k strain, which is dtc 1-, and several congenic strains directly derived from B6-H-2k. Because B6/Boy and AKR/Boy, the parents of the B6-H-2k strain, are dtc-1+, the dtc-1- phenotype may be the result of mutation in the locus specifying the cell surface molecule that carries this antigen. Segregation analysis of the dtc-1+/dtc-1- polymorphism demonstrated that this locus is not linked to T or H-2. The dtc-1 antigen thus identifies yet another cell surface polymorphism and adds another immunologically defined genetic marker to the murine genome. Furthermore, the dtc-1 system indicates the need for reevaluation and restandardization of congenic strains of mice derived from the B6-H-2k congenic strain. PMID- 3485138 TI - 125I-fibrin deposition in contact sensitivity reactions in the mouse. Sensitivity of the assay for quantitating reactions after active or passive sensitization. AB - We investigated the clotting associated with delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses in the mouse by sensitizing the animals to the contactant oxazolone (Ox), and then administering 125I-guinea pig fibrinogen i.v. 10 to 30 min before antigen challenge 5 days later. Early (4 to 8 hr) contact sensitivity (CS) responses in immunized mice were barely detectable by three conventional measures of CS, but the total 125I-cpm in ears challenged with hapten was 3.6 to 4.5 X that in control ears challenged with vehicle alone; moreover, the amount of urea insoluble cpm (cross-linked 125I-fibrin-associated cpm) in the reactions to Ox was 6.5-fold to 8.2-fold that present in the control reactions. In 24 hr reactions that were near peak intensity by measurements of ear swelling, ear weight ratios, and ratios of 125I-5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine-labeled leukocyte infiltration, the cpm in antigen-challenged ears exceeded that in control ears by 13-fold to 53-fold. In addition, antigen-challenged ears contained 27 to 300 X the urea-insoluble cpm present in control ears. 125I-Fibrin deposition was not a specific characteristic of CS reactions, because a small amount of urea-insoluble reactivity was also detected in some reactions to Ox in native mice. Nevertheless, the assay was exquisitely sensitive and readily detected quantitative differences between the immunologically specific and nonspecific reactions at very early intervals after challenge or with suboptimal doses of antigen. Furthermore, it was more sensitive than conventional tests of CS in detecting the reactions elicited in mice that had been passively sensitized to Ox by adoptive transfer of immune lymph node cells. Finally, we showed that the assay gave similar results when we tested CS reactions elicited in mast cell deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv and littermate normal (+/+) mice, demonstrating yet another similarity in the phenotype of DH reactions elicited in the presence or absence of mast cells. PMID- 3485140 TI - Surface IgG-bearing cells retain the capacity to secrete IgM. AB - Our previous studies indicated that a large proportion of surface IgG+-primed B cells give rise to clones secreting IgM antibodies. Due to the implications of this result relative to molecular mechanisms of class switching, it was important to document that the surface IgG had been endogenously synthesized by the surface IgG+ cells and was not present as a result of cytophilic IgG. Therefore, spleen cells from immunized mice were treated sequentially with anti-immunoglobulin and protease which removed greater than 99% of surface immunoglobulin. After overnight incubation to allow resynthesis of surface immunoglobulin, the treated cells were sorted for surface IgG-bearing cells and were transferred to carrier primed, irradiated adoptive recipients for analysis in the splenic focus assay. It was found that the majority of antibody-secreting clones derived from these surface IgG+ B cells still synthesized IgM. These data are discussed relative to current concepts of molecular mechanisms of immunoglobulin class switching. PMID- 3485139 TI - Evidence for existence of two distinct TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cell subpopulations preferentially reactive either to a T cell-replacing factor (B151 TRF) or to a signal from accessory cells. AB - The ability of B cells to respond to TNP-Ficoll has been shown to correlate with their ability to respond to T cell-replacing factor (TRF). The present study analyzed the relationship of TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells to a TRF-responsive B cell subpopulation. The B cells from normal, unprimed mice responded to TNP Ficoll in the presence of accessory cells. Such responses were notably augmented by the addition of TRF derived from a monoclonal T cell hybridoma, B151K12(B151 TRF). Interestingly, B cells of mutant X-linked immunodeficient DBA/2Ha which failed to respond to B151-TRF gave anti-TNP PFC responses to TNP-Ficoll comparable to those of normal mice, depending on the presence of accessory cells. However, under this condition, the addition of B151-TRF did not augment the TNP Ficoll responses. One explanation of the augmentation of TNP-Ficoll response by TRF for the B cells from nondefective mice was that two distinct B cell subpopulations exist which differ in their respective activation requirement for TRF and accessory cells. To examine this possibility, syngeneic accessory cells were pulsed with TNP-Ficoll and were assayed for their ability to activate normal B cells in the presence or absence of B151-TRF. The results revealed that TNP Ficoll-pulsed accessory cells were able to induce primary anti-TNP PFC responses in normal B cells to the same magnitude as soluble TNP-Ficoll. However, these B cell responses induced by the TNP-Ficoll-pulsed accessory cells were not augmented by the addition of B151-TRF to the culture. These results support the notion that two distinct TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cell subpopulations exist; one requires accessory cell-B cell interaction to be activated by TNP-Ficoll but fails to respond to TRF, and the other can be activated by TRF in a totally accessory cell-independent manner. PMID- 3485141 TI - Pathogenesis of passive Heymann glomerulonephritis: chlorpromazine inhibits antibody-mediated redistribution of cell surface antigens and prevents development of the disease. AB - Two hypotheses were tested: first, that in LEW rats the interaction of sheep (or rabbit) anti-brush border antibodies with antigens (Heymann antigens) expressed on the plasma membrane of glomerular visceral epithelial cells is characterized by initial redistribution of immune complexes on the cell surface and by subsequent shedding of immune complexes in the subepithelial part of the capillary wall; and secondly, that this interaction is inhibited by chlorpromazine, a drug that displaces calcium ions from binding sites linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton, and which blocks the redistribution of IgG on the surface of B lymphocytes exposed to anti-IgG antibodies. The studies were performed in vitro on cultured LEW glomerular epithelial cells and in vivo in LEW rats. In cultured glomerular epithelial cells exposed at 37 degrees C to anti brush border IgG, chlorpromazine prevented, in a dose-dependent manner, the redistribution ("capping") of Heymann antigens and the fixation of complement. The renal glomeruli of chlorpromazine-treated LEW rats examined 6 and 48 hr after transfer of anti-brush border antibodies had punctate and, later, punctate and diffuse deposits of sheep (or rabbit) IgG on glomerular epithelial cells, but not similar deposits of rat C3. Moreover, granular subepithelial deposits of sheep (or rabbit) IgG and rat C3, characteristic of passive Heymann glomerulonephritis, did not develop, although deposits of sheep IgG were detected by immunoelectron microscopy on the microvilli of glomerular epithelial cells. Comparative studies on rats with similar reductions in glomerular filtration rates, produced by high doses of chlorpromazine or with renal artery stenosis, showed that the findings were not the consequence of insufficient delivery of antibody to glomerular epithelial cells. The results are consistent with the interpretation that Heymann glomerulonephritis is induced by mechanisms of redistribution of cell surface antigens comparable to those that govern the interaction of surface antigens (or receptors) with appropriate ligands in B lymphocytes and other classical in vitro systems. PMID- 3485142 TI - Decreased suppressive B cell factor (SBF) in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for a defect in B cell autoregulation. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disorder characterized by defective immunoregulation. Hypergammaglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes (IC), and autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) are common serum abnormalities. To assess IC-mediated feedback suppression in RA, we evaluated the ability of a suppressive B cell factor (SBF) generated by culturing heat-aggregated IgG (HAIgG) with peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) from patients with RA and normal controls to suppress the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced RF plaque forming cell (PFC) response of normal PBL. RA patients generated less SBF than age-matched controls. Background suppression (supernatants obtained from PBL cultured without HAIgG) was similar in the RA patients and age-matched controls. To determine the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy on suppression, RA patients and age-matched controls were studied before and after NSAID therapy. NSAID therapy significantly reduced background suppression in RA patients who were not on immunosuppressive drugs and in age-matched controls, but there was no effect on SBF in RA patients or controls. There was a small increase in background suppression when NSAID were administered to RA patients on immunosuppressives, suggesting an ameliorative effect of NSAID in this group of patients, which tended to increase their level of suppression when compared with RA patients only on NSAID. Spontaneous RF-PFC were measured in normal controls and RA patients and were compared with suppressor activity. There were increased numbers of spontaneous RF-PFC in RA patients. Total suppressor activity was greatest in young adult controls, who also had the least RF-PFC. The percentage of suppression correlated inversely with the number of RF-PFC in patients and controls. Additionally, disease activity in RA as measured by total joint count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was shown to correlate inversely with total suppressor activity. We conclude that the PBL from patients with RA produce decreased SBF after HAIgG stimulation and that loss of suppression is also associated with aging. This study suggests a defect in IC-stimulated B cell suppressor activity in RA leading to decreased ability to suppress antibody and further IC formation. The combination of increased RF-PFC and decreased SBF suggests that there is defective B cell autoregulation in RA, which may be involved in the pathogenesis and chronicity of this disease. PMID- 3485143 TI - Identification and characterization of a B cell activation factor (BCAF) produced by a human T cell line. AB - A human T cell line, Peer, that expresses the T cell helper phenotype produces discrete activation and growth factors for tonsillar B cells. The B cell activation factor produced by Peer is biochemically and physiologically distinct from other lymphokines known to enhance B cell proliferation, namely, interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interferon, and previously characterized B cell growth factors (BCGF). The BCGF produced by Peer is functionally similar to previously described BCGF but has a m.w. of approximately 30,000 daltons. The identification and characterization of a T cell-derived activation factor that can induce apparently resting (Go phase) B cells to enter S phase in the absence of an exogenous first signal has important implications in the additional dissection of the complex steps in the human B cell cycle. PMID- 3485145 TI - A new name for lymphotoxin. PMID- 3485144 TI - Generation of large granular T lymphocytes in vivo during viral infection. AB - Cytolytic lymphocytes were isolated from the spleens of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected mice and were characterized in regards to function, cell size, antigen phenotype, and cell morphology. Only 2% of the Lyt 2+ cells from uninfected mice were large granular lymphocytes (LGL), whereas 21% of the Lyt-2+ cells isolated 7 days postinfection were LGL. The day 7 Lyt-2+ populations contained all of the LCMV-specific, class I histocompatibility antigen-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, but no natural killer (NK) cell activity. The NK cell activity was consistently recovered in Lyt-2- populations isolated from both control mice and mice on day 7 postinfection. The LGL isolated on day 7 postinfection were concluded to be predominantly T cells and not NK cells because 1) the proportions of LGL in fractionated cell populations 7 days postinfection correlated with levels of CTL-mediated lysis but not NK cell-mediated lysis, 2) they were recovered in the Lyt-2+ population, and 3) antibody to asialo GM1, known to eliminate NK cell-mediated lysis but not T cell-mediated lysis, dramatically reduced NK cell LGL numbers in vivo on day 3 postinfection but only marginally affected LGL numbers on day 7. Virus-induced inflammation elicited a 50-fold increase in LGL numbers in the peritoneum on day 7 postinfection. The peritoneal exudate LGL were also associated with CTL activity and were resistant to treatment with antibody to asialo GM1. These results indicate that in vivo-generated CTL have the morphology of LGL and that the appearance of cytoplasmic granules correlates with the ability of cells to mediate lysis. To focus on cells being stimulated during infections, activated blast cells were separated from small resting cells by centrifugal elutriation. Coincidental with the peak in overall spleen leukocyte cytotoxic activity, the peaks of blast NK cells and CTL were at days 3 and 7 postinfection respectively. More than 50% of the blast lymphocytes isolated on either day 3 or day 7 postinfection were LGL. The CTL activity in the blast populations on day 7 postinfection was mediated by Lyt-2+ cells, and 37 to 64% of these Lyt-2+ blast cells were LGL. Cytolytic NK cell and CTL LGL could not be distinguished by morphology or by cell densities, because they overlapped in low density Percoll gradient fractions. Since this technique has been used to enrich for LGL, these data indicate that heterogeneity in LGL populations may result from the presence of both CTL and NK cell LGL. PMID- 3485146 TI - Activation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil functions by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factors. PMID- 3485147 TI - Membrane defects of the tolerant B cell. IV. Failure to accelerate antigen receptor loss. AB - Mechanisms of immunologic tolerance affecting antibody responses include conditions extrinsic to the B cell such as dominant suppression by T cells (1), regulation by anti-idiotype (2), and tolerance in T helper cell populations (3). But tolerance can also result from changes in the antigen-reactive B cells such as their deletion (4), or that mysterious process by which they become "intrinsically tolerant", i.e., refractory to stimulation (5). One approach to learning more about the mechanism of intrinsic tolerance at the level of cell physiology is to determine which of the activation events that normally follow antigen contact occur or fail to occur in such cells. An established model of intrinsic B cell tolerance previously exploited in such studies in the trinitrophenyl (TNP)-self-induced tolerance model of Fidler and Golub (6). Having established that BDF1 mice injected with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) become tolerant to TNP, they showed by appropriate transfer experiments that the tolerance could be not induce antibody to TNP in such mice (8). cells (7). They also showed that lipopolysaccharide could not induce antibody to TNP in such mice (8). Together, these data indicated that in this example, tolerance is intrinsic to the B cells. B cells with receptors for TNP remain in these mice (9), providing an opportunity to study activation events in intrinsically tolerant B cells. This paper is part of an ongoing series of studies of activation events in TNP-antibody-binding cells (ABC)2 using this tolerance model (9-11). It shows that a TNP-antigen that normally induces rapid loss of antigen receptors on TNP-ABC cannot do so in mice rendered tolerant to TNP. PMID- 3485148 TI - Intrinsic B lymphocyte and macrophage defects in C3H/HeJ mice. AB - C3H/HeJ mice are genetically defective in their responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their B cells also have a characteristically low cloning efficiency in semisolid agar cultures, where LPS does not seem to be required. Adherent macrophages facilitate clonal proliferation in such cultures via diffusible substances. C3H/HeJ macrophages functioned poorly in this respect, and addition of normal C3HeB/FeJ macrophages to cultures of C3H/HeJ B cells did not lead to normal colony numbers. Although immune interferon can stimulate normal resident peritoneal macrophages to function well in semisolid agar cultures, it did not improve the cloning efficiency of C3H/HeJ cells. Similarly, addition of indomethacin or interleukin 1 to the cultures did not reveal that abnormally elevated production of prostaglandins or a deficiency in interleukin 1 are responsible for poor C3H/HeJ colony formation. These results indicate that C3H/HeJ mice have defects intrinsic to both B cells and macrophages that are not overcome by interferon. Purified B cells from these mice cloned poorly and did not respond to stimulation in liquid cultures with anti-mu-coated beads plus factors. There was a tendency for the poor cloning of C3H/HeJ B cells to improve with age. PMID- 3485149 TI - Antibodies reactive with class II antigens encoded for by the major histocompatibility complex inhibit human B cell activation. AB - Although class II antigens encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are important as recognition structures for immunoregulatory cell interactions, the precise functional role of these molecules in the biological responses of B lymphocytes is unknown. In the studies described here, we have examined the effects of six monoclonal antibodies reactive with human class II MHC antigens on B cell activation and proliferation. Peripheral blood IgM+ B cells purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) techniques were stimulated with anti-mu antibodies, protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus (SAC), or in T cell-dependent activation cultures. The B cell proliferative responses induced by these stimuli were inhibited 68 to 90% by low concentrations (1 to 5 micrograms/ml) of antibodies reactive with class II MHC antigens. Antibodies specific for DR and DQ antigens were both effective inhibitors of B cell proliferation. This inhibition was not due to the binding of antibody to B cell Fc-IgG receptors, because IgM and IgG anti-class II antibodies were equally potent as inhibitors. When responses of B cells fractionated on the basis of cell size by forward angle light scatter were analyzed, anti-DR and anti-DQ antibodies inhibited the proliferation of small, resting IgM+ cells induced by T-independent as well as T-dependent stimuli. Activation-dependent increases in B cell size and RNA synthesis were similarly inhibited. In contrast, the responses of large B cells (that had been preactivated in vivo) to T cell-derived B cell growth factors were not affected by anti-class II antibodies. These data suggest that class II MHC molecules do not serve merely as cellular interaction structures but also directly participate in early events of the B cell activation cascade that precede cell enlargement or increased RNA synthesis. After activation and expression of receptors for growth factors, however, B cell class II MHC antigens no longer mediate signals required for mitogenesis. PMID- 3485150 TI - Autoimmune effector cells. VIII. Cellular requirements for the induction of autoreactive T cells of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in nonimmune rats. AB - We utilized a system of sequential in vitro cell culture and adoptive transfer to investigate the sequence of events which lead to the activation of effector cells responsible for the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. This procedure involves only naive (nonimmune) rats, and eliminates the requirement for adjuvants. Spleen cells (SpC) from naive donors were sensitized in vitro to myelin basic protein (BP), then transferred to intermediate (primary) hosts. Although these recipients did not develop EAE, they were primed for disease because they exhibited accelerated onset of active EAE when challenged with BP in adjuvant. Moreover, SpC from nonchallenged primary recipients transferred EAE to secondary recipients subsequent to in vitro exposure to antigen. The cells from the naive cultures which primed the intermediate recipients were radioresistant (1500 R); other studies have indicated that these are macrophages. In contrast, the cells which transferred EAE to the secondary recipients were radiation-sensitive T lymphoblasts. The finding that these cells also elicit disease in lethally irradiated (850 R) secondary recipients suggests that the transferred cells either are the actual effector cells of EAE or induce disease in collaboration only with radioresistant host cells. PMID- 3485151 TI - Production of interleukin 1 by human endothelial cells. AB - Vascular endothelial cells (EC) play an important role in the emigration from the blood of the mononuclear cells that participate in the chronic inflammatory response. Because EC express a number of functions of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, EC culture supernatants (ECSN) were examined for the presence of IL 1. In these supernatants, IL 1 activity was low when EC were cultured in the presence of serum. The low level of activity appeared to be due to the spontaneous production by the EC of inhibitors of the thymocyte proliferation assay of IL 1, of 70 kd and 9 kd, as measured by AcA Ultrogel filtration. When EC were cultured in the absence of serum, IL 1 activity was easily demonstrated in crude supernatants. Upon stimulation with LPS, the amounts of IL 1 activity were greatly increased. The release of IL 1 was an early event, detectable after 1 hr of incubation and reaching a maximum after 24 hr. The IL 1 activity produced by EC demonstrated a number of similarities to that of IL 1 produced by monocytes. On AcA 54 gel filtration, as with monocyte-derived IL 1, the IL 1 activity was found in two peaks of 50 to 60 kd and 16 to 18 kd. Upon chromatofocusing of the 16 to 18 kd peak, three active fractions were found, eluting near pH 7.0, 5.6, and 5.0. In addition, when LPS-stimulated ECSN and purified monocyte-derived IL 1 were incubated with a rabbit anti-IL 1 antibody, a parallel reduction in thymocyte-stimulating activity was observed, suggesting that the active agent in ECSN shared a common antigenic site with IL 1. The demonstration of IL 1 production by EC provides additional evidence that these cells, in addition to their functions as vascular cells, may also participate in some of the immune and nonimmune functions previously ascribed to macrophages. PMID- 3485153 TI - Analysis of T cell receptors in highly purified rat and human large granular lymphocytes (LGL): lack of functional 1.3 kb beta-chain mRNA. AB - Recent reports have suggested that the T cell receptor for antigen is somehow involved in the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells. However, we now report that highly purified, freshly isolated large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from both the human and rat, as well as LGL cultured in the presence of recombinant IL 2, express only the 1.0 kb beta-chain mRNA. The lack of a 1.3 kb mRNA, indicative of a functional beta-chain rearrangement, strongly suggests that a functional T cell receptor beta-chain is absent in freshly isolated LGL, thus making it extremely unlikely that this molecule is involved in target cell recognition by NK cells. These results also suggest that LGL are derived from a lineage distinct from T cells or develop before a functional rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta chain. PMID- 3485152 TI - Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha: purification and biological characterization. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a polypeptide hormone produced by activated macrophages that affects many different cell types involved in immune and inflammatory responses. The cloning and expression of a murine IL 1 cDNA in Escherichia coli encoding a polypeptide precursor of 270 amino acids has been reported, and expression of the carboxy-terminal 156 amino acids of this precursor in E. coli yields biologically active IL 1. By using the murine IL 1 cDNA as a probe, we have isolated its human homolog from cDNA generated to lipopolysaccharide stimulated human leukocyte mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA predicts a protein of analysis of this cDNA predicts a protein of 271 amino acids (termed IL 1 alpha) which shows congruent to 61% homology to its murine counterpart but only 27% homology to a recently characterized human IL 1 precursor (IL 1 beta). We have expressed the carboxy-terminal 154 amino acids of IL 1 alpha in E. coli, purified this protein to homogeneity, and have compared it with pure recombinant murine IL 1 in several different IL 1 assays based on murine and human cells. Recombinant IL 1 is capable of stimulating T cell and fibroblast proliferation and inducing fibroblast collagenase and prostaglandin production, thus proving that a single molecule has many of the activities previously ascribed to only partially purified IL 1 preparations. Our results indicate that there exists a family of at least two human IL 1 genes (alpha and beta) whose dissimilar protein products have similar biological activities. PMID- 3485155 TI - The importance of antibody quality in sandwich ELISA systems. Evaluation of selected commercial reagents. AB - The detection of low levels of immunoglobulin in cell culture supernatants etc. by ELISA procedures demands high sensitivity and absolute specificity. We have used commercially available antibodies prepared by positive affinity purification and immunoglobulin fractions obtained by ion-exchange chromatography in various combinations in ELISA systems for such quantitative analyses. These demonstrate that when affinity-purified reagents lacking unwanted anti-species cross reactivity are used as both the capture antibody and the indicator antibody the results are markedly superior (high sensitivity, low backgrounds and a wide working range) compared to those obtained with all other possible combinations. PMID- 3485154 TI - Malignant human B cells express two populations of p24 surface antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to a leukemia-associated p24 cell surface antigen are currently being used to purge bone marrow of malignant cells before autologous transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Their use as potential diagnostic reagents for hematologic disorders is also under investigation. It has been assumed throughout these investigations that the p24 specific MoAb produced by different laboratories all identify the same antigen. Our present studies indicate that at least two populations of p24 antigens, having different chemical properties and cellular distributions, exist on malignant B cells. For example, eight MoAb raised to ALL cells (ALL-MoAb) identify a p24 antigen on these cells but do not react with the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Ramos. In contrast, six MoAb raised to Ramos (Ramos-MoAb) identify a p24 antigen on both Ramos and ALL cells. Quantitative binding of both sets of MoAb to ALL cells is comparable. The ALL-MoAb react with platelets, granulocytes, and activated but not resting T lymphocytes, whereas the Ramos-MoAb react with both resting and activated T lymphocytes but not with platelets or granulocytes. The ALL-MoAb react with 11 of 34 human hematopoietic cell lines tested; the Ramos-MoAb react with all 34. Both sets of MoAb react with most of the nonhematopoietic human cell lines tested. Reciprocal exhaustive radioimmune precipitation experiments performed with an ALL cell line indicate that the antigenic determinants recognized by these two sets of MoAb are present on different molecules. Similarly, proteolytic digests of iodinated antigens identified by these two sets of MoAb on ALL cells confirm the unique chemical identities of these molecules and suggest that they reflect the products of different genetic loci. The presence of the antigen identified by the Ramos-MoAb on every cell population tested except granulocytes suggests that it may serve an important cellular function. The existence of two populations of p24 antigens on at least some hematopoietic cells indicates the need for caution when comparing the results of studies of these antigens by groups employing different MoAb. PMID- 3485156 TI - Assay of human IgA subclass antibodies in serum and secretions by means of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Solid-phase radioimmunoassays have been developed for the detection and quantification of human serum and secretory IgA antibodies to a variety of food, bacterial and viral antigens. Monoclonal antibodies specific for IgA1 and IgA2 and capable of binding to serum and secretory IgA were used. The assays were calibrated by reference to standard serum or purified myeloma proteins bound to solid-phase anti-immunoglobulin reagents, and sigmoid calibration curves were constructed by means of computer programs using 4-parameter logistic or weighted logit-log principles. Polymeric and monomeric forms of IgA antibodies were assayed in fractions separated by high performance size exclusion chromatography. These techniques have demonstrated the expected predominance of IgA1 antibodies in serum, and these included polymeric forms. Saliva contained both IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies, and increased proportions of IgA2 antibodies to lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid were observed. PMID- 3485157 TI - Holding medium for cell surface phenotypic analysis. AB - Peripheral blood samples from 20 normal adults and 12 patients with diagnosed B cell lymphoproliferative disease were phenotyped with a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies (Coulter) using a whole blood lysis technique at zero time and after storage in M199 containing insulin, transferrin and L-glutamine at 24, 48 or 72 h. The samples were analyzed using flow cytometry (EPICS V) to determine the percentage of positive events for each sample. A 2-way analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the initial sample and those phenotyped after 24, 48 or 72 h. These data suggest that this medium can be utilized for the storage and transport of blood samples from patients and ensure satisfactory cell surface phenotypic analysis. PMID- 3485158 TI - Simple preparative two-step purification of interleukin-2 from culture medium of lectin stimulated normal human lymphocytes. AB - A procedure has been developed for the rapid purification of human IL-2 using reversed-phase liquid chromatography on LiChroprep RP-8 and Separon SGX C-18. The resulting IL-2 has a specific activity of 1 X 10(7) U/mg protein and reveals in SDS-PAGE 2 molecular weight forms (approximately 14 kDa and approximately 16 kDa) under reducing and non-reducing conditions. Both forms are biologically active. In 2-dimensional electrophoresis purified IL-2 shows a complex pattern of protein spots located in the IL-2 region which may be due to differences in glycosylation. PMID- 3485159 TI - An avidin-biotin ELISA assay for the measurement of de novo human IgE synthesis in culture supernatants. AB - A very sensitive (100 pg/ml) solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of human IgE has been developed. This assay incorporates the avidin biotin system to increase sensitivity and can detect as little as 100 pg/ml (10 pg/test) of human IgE. The assay is highly specific and allows quantitative determination of human IgE in supernatants of peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as in serum. The very high sensitivity of the assay was accomplished by optimizing concentrations of the following reagents: (1) affinity-purified rabbit anti-human IgE coating antibodies; (2) biotin-conjugated goat anti-human IgE; (3) avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. In summary, the assay described is rapid (6 h), reproducible, isotype specific, and has the sensitivity of radioimmunoassays usually employed for the quantification of IgE. This assay may be utilized in establishing concentrations of in vitro IgE levels synthesized by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). PMID- 3485160 TI - Prospects for prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease by immunization. AB - A vaccine consisting of the polysaccharide (PS) capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has recently been licensed in the United States. This vaccine is safe and effective in preventing invasive Hib disease in children two years of age and older, but it is ineffective in younger children, the group at greatest risk of disease. The PS vaccine also may be ineffective in preventing disease in certain subgroups of the population that are genetically at increased risk of disease and show impaired antibody responses to immunization. Thus, new strategies need to be considered. Currently, several new Hib PS-protein conjugate vaccines are being evaluated. These vaccines differ in their method of preparation, carrier protein, and PS size. In contrast to the plain Hib PS vaccine, conjugate vaccines are immunogenic in infants and elicit boostable increases in antibody to PS upon reinjection of vaccine. However, some infants less than six months of age do not respond. To confer protection on all infants, it may be necessary to modify further the conjugate vaccines. One approach is to use outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as vaccine components. Five major OMPs have been purified from Hib, and three, P1 (50 kilodalton [kDa]), P2 (37 kDa), and P6 (16 kDa), contain antigens capable of eliciting strain-specific protective antibodies in experimental animals. In summary, PS-protein conjugate vaccines hold enormous promise for the prevention of Hib disease in infants, but further work is needed to define the optimal carrier protein, PS size, and method of coupling. Information is also needed on whether genetic factors influence responses to these vaccines. PMID- 3485161 TI - Hydrolytic model for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone resistance in beta-lactamase derepressed Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 3485162 TI - CSF-responsive bone marrow cells in liquid culture: characterization and screening applications. AB - In a previous study, colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity assayed in colony culture correlated closely with 3HTdR uptake by human marrow cells depleted of adherent cells. To use this assay for screening media for CSF and immunotoxins for marrow toxicity, cells growing in liquid culture were compared to conventional granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-gm) colony assays. CSF dose-response relationships for liquid and colony-forming assays were nearly identical. 3HTdR uptake by nonadherent marrow cells was CSF dose-related, and there was a linear relationship between number of cells cultured and 3HTdR uptake. Ricin cytotoxicity curves for liquid cultures and CFU-gm were identical on day 7 but showed some disparity with day 14 cultures. Results with all cultures showed 3HTdR uptake to be most closely correlated with CFU-gm colony, rather than cluster, growth. Myeloid cell differentiation in liquid culture was similar to colony cultures, producing mixtures of granulocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. By combining cell and differential counts, production of various myeloid cells could be quantitated. Cytotoxicity of anti-Ia for CFU-gm and liquid culture cells was compared and the majority of both cell populations expressed Ia-like antigens. Simultaneous staining for surface antigens and DNA content was used to characterize proliferating marrow cells, and the vast majority of cells expressed myeloid markers. Transferrin receptors were displayed by cells in S/G2/M and appeared after CSF stimulation on G0/G1 cells. We conclude liquid cultures can be used to screen conditioned media for human CSF and to screen for cytotoxicity to normal myeloid precursor cells. Behavior of CSF-responsive cells in liquid culture appears most closely related to that of CFU-gm colony-forming cells, and characterization of CSF-stimulated cells allows quantitative as well as qualitative estimates of myeloid cell production. PMID- 3485163 TI - Normal human serum-stimulating activity on granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in vitro. AB - The action of human serum on granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFC-gm) from normal human bone marrow has been studied. When human serum was added to a culture of nonadherent bone marrow cells, no colony formation was observed in the absence of exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF); however, the number of colonies increased with the addition of exogenous CSF. When serum was added to a culture of unseparated bone marrow buffy coat cells, colony formation appeared even in the absence of exogenous CSF. These results show a synergic effect of serum and exogenous CSF and suggest that adherent cells, when stimulated by a serum component, secrete endogenous CSF. PMID- 3485164 TI - Calcium-specific immunoassays for factor IX: reduced levels of antigen in patients with vitamin K disorders. AB - Polyclonal rabbit anti-factor IX antisera were fractionated to establish solid phase immunoassays recognizing calcium-dependent and non-calcium-dependent epitopes. The assays were greater than 99.9% specific for factor IX and sensitive to 0.05 U/dl plasma or 2 ng/ml purified factor IX. For the calcium-dependent fraction, an absolute requirement of divalent metal ions was found, and Sr(II), Mn(II), and Mg(II) could substitute for Ca(II). On immunoblots of reduced, electrophoresed factor IXa, the 125I-calcium-dependent antibody fraction bound to the amino-terminal light chain. Plasma sampled from 13 patients receiving warfarin and one with cephalosporin-related vitamin K deficiency had a mean level of calcium-dependent factor IX antigen of 22 U/dl, comparable to the 24 jU/dl average of factor IX procoagulant activity; these two results were highly correlated. Antigen levels determined by either the polyclonal or a monoclonal, non-calcium-dependent anti-factor IX assays ranged from 1.7-fold to 6.0-fold greater than the corresponding levels of factor IX procoagulant activity or calcium-dependent antigen level for each subject's plasma. The difference reflects inactive, circulating factor IX. In contrast, factor IX antigen levels determined by an assay using a monoclonal, calcium-dependent anti-factor IX were from one half to one thirteenth as much as those measured by the polyclonal, calcium-dependent immunoassay. The disparity between results of calcium-dependent assays suggests that some Gla residues near the amino terminus of factor IX are relatively less important for normal procoagulant function of factor IX than others, are more sensitive to the effects of vitamin K antagonism or deficiency, and are important for the epitope recognized by this particular calcium dependent, monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3485166 TI - Protease inhibitors in maxillary antral mucosa. PMID- 3485165 TI - Middle-ear effusions following acute otitis media in the chinchilla animal model. PMID- 3485168 TI - Corticotrophin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity and bioactivity of human fetal and adult hypothalami. AB - Corticotrophin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) and bioactivity, and arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity (AVP-LI) have been measured in extracts of human fetal and adult hypothalamic tissue and their development with the gestational age of the fetuses (12-27 weeks) studied. CRF-LI was measured by a radioimmunoassay developed for ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (oCRF-41). Corticotrophin-releasing factor bioactivity was measured in a rat isolated anterior pituitary cell perfusion system. CRF-LI and bioactivity and AVP-LI were all detectable in fetal hypothalamic extracts from 12 to 13 weeks of gestational age. CRF-LI was also present in human fetal pituitary glands from 12 weeks of gestational age. The concentration of CRF-LI in the fetal hypothalamic extracts (9.2 +/- 11.4 ng/g, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 33) showed no significant correlation with the gestational age of the fetuses. However the concentration of AVP-LI (25.0-36.8 ng/g, n = 17) did show a positive correlation (r = 0.508, P less than 0.05) with gestational age, as did the concentration of CRF bioactivity (471.3 556.3 ng ACTH released/g tissue, n = 13, r = 0.725, P less than 0.01). The CRF bioactivity of all fetal hypothalamic extracts was potentiated by the addition of synthetic human (h)AVP, but the bioactivity of the adult hypothalamic extracts was not, presumably because of the higher levels of AVP-LI already present in the adult extracts. Pretreatment of tissue extracts with antisera to oCRF-41 and/or hAVP reduced the CRF bioactivity of all hypothalamic extracts. Sephadex chromatography of fractions which co-eluted with synthetic oCRF-41 or hAVP contained CRF bioactivity and this bioactivity was potentiated when synthetic hAVP or oCRF-41, respectively, were added to the fractions. However, a larger molecular weight form of CRF-LI (8000-10 000 daltons), which was observed only in fetuses of 20 weeks of gestational age or less, did not contain any significant CRF bioactivity. PMID- 3485167 TI - Characterization of a colony-stimulating factor produced by the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. AB - The human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, acquires macrophage-like characteristics following exposure to mezerein. Serum-free medium conditioned by mezerein-activated cells was observed to contain colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity in assays with murine bone marrow cultures. Isoelectrofocusing revealed that CSF activity displayed charge heterogeneity and migrated in a pl range of 4.4-5.3. Treatment with neuraminidase did not affect biological activity but did reduce charge heterogeneity. Reisofocusing of neuraminidase-treated CSF revealed a peak of activity at pl 4.9. The active component was shown to be an acidic sialoglycoprotein, resistant to proteolytic cleavage but completely inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol. This CSF has been purified from THP-1-conditioned serum free medium by preparative isoelectrofocusing, gel filtration through Sephacryl S 200, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, neuraminidase treatment, and tris-glycinate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Elution from SDS-PAGE revealed a single peak of activity corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 70,000 daltons. Preliminary characterization of the bone marrow cells in colonies showed that THP-1 cells produced macrophage-specific CSF. PMID- 3485169 TI - Sex difference in the cytosolic and nuclear distribution of androgen receptor in mouse submandibular gland. AB - Cytosol and nuclear androgen receptors in submandibular glands of male and female mice were measured by an exchange assay at 0 degree C. The binding of [3H]methyltrienolone to cytosol receptors in females was mostly saturated within a short period of incubation (3 h), whereas the saturation was much slower in males; suggesting that almost all of the cytosol receptors were unoccupied in females and the receptors were partially occupied in males. Nuclear receptors were extracted with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (5 mmol/l) from nuclear fractions with 93-95% efficiency. The exchange of the bound steroids occurred by 24-48 h at 0 degree C, suggesting that most of the nuclear androgen receptor was occupied. The binding was low at higher temperatures, probably due to inactivation of the receptor. Scatchard analysis showed that the apparent dissociation constants of cytosol and nuclear receptors were similar (0.8 and 0.9 nmol/l respectively) in both sexes. On the other hand, the number of androgen-binding sites in the nucleus was much higher in males than in females (1052 fmol/mg DNA and 32 fmol/mg DNA respectively), while the number in the cytosol was higher in females than in males (512 fmol/mg DNA and 368 fmol/mg DNA respectively). These observations show that androgen receptors exist mainly (74%) in the nuclei of males, while they exist mostly (94%) in the cytosol of females. PMID- 3485171 TI - Thy-1+ and Thy-1- natural killer cells. Only Thy-1- natural killer cells suppress dendritic cells. AB - Cells enriched for NK activity (poly I:C induced, x-ray resistant, and nonadherent), include two phenotypically and functionally different populations. Both populations of NK cells are AGM1+, Ly-1.1-, Ly-2.1-, Ia-, and have the morphology of large granular lymphocytes. One population, however, is Thy-1+ while the second population is Thy-1-. Thy-1+ NK cells lyse YAC-1 and P815 target cells; Thy-1- NK cells lyse YAC-1 but not P815 target cells. The FACS was used to obtain homogeneous populations of Thy-1+ and Thy-1- NK cells, which retain high cytotoxicity. While Thy-1- NK cells suppress the antibody response in vitro by suppressing or eliminating DC, Thy-1+ NK cells do not suppress antibody responses in vitro. PMID- 3485170 TI - Interleukin 1 and interleukin 1 inhibitor production by human macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus. Respiratory syncytial virus is a potent inducer of inhibitor activity. AB - Respiratory viral infections are commonly associated with altered immune responses, such as proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. To examine potential mechanisms, we examined production of IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitors by purified human peripheral blood-derived macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor activities in supernatant fluids from macrophages exposed to the viruses 24 h previously were measured using the standard mouse thymocyte comitogen assay. Crude fluids from macrophages exposed to influenza virus contained substantial IL-1 activity, whereas crude fluids from macrophages exposed to RSV contained marked IL-1 inhibitor activity. Assays with gel filtration-separated fractions revealed that both influenza virus and RSV induced production of both IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitors. Neither IL-2 nor IL-2 inhibitor activities were detected. Thus, effects of human macrophage-derived factors on thymocyte proliferation, or potentially on human lymphocyte proliferation, may reflect the total or net activity of multiple composite factors, the balance of which varies according to the challenge. The data raise the possibility that marked production of IL-1 inhibitor activity in response to RSV plays a role in the clinical recurrence of RSV infection despite the absence of clear evidence for antigenic shift or drift of the virus. PMID- 3485172 TI - Expression of the NKTa clonotype in a series of human natural killer clones with identical cytotoxic specificity. AB - Over a period of 3 yr, a series of ten NK clones that express a unique clonotypic T cell receptor-like structure, termed NKTa, has been generated from a single individual. These clones were derived from either peripheral blood nonadherent cell fractions (JT9, JT10, JT11), NKH2-purified cells (CNK8, CNK9), or NKTa purified cells (CNK11, CNK12, CNK13, CNK14, CNK15). Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from this individual showed that NKTa+ cells occur with a frequency of approximately 0.15%. The existence of NKTa+ cells in peripheral blood was confirmed by use of immunorosette enrichment techniques, flow cytometric purification, and subsequent clonal expansion of NKTa+ cells. Phenotypic analysis of NKTa+ clones showed that all expressed NKH1 as well as T3, T8, T11, T12, and Mo1 antigens. Only five of ten clones expressed NKH2 antigen. All NKTa+ clones had broad cytolytic activity against a series of seven different target cells that was similar to that of other NK clones. In addition, cytotoxicity of each clone could be inhibited by preincubation of effector cells with monoclonal anti-NKTa or by preincubation of target cells with monoclonal anti-TNKTAR. Although half of the NKTa+ clones appeared phenotypically different from the other half with regard to the expression of NKH2 antigen, analysis of T cell receptor gene rearrangements indicated that all NKTa+ clones contained identical gene rearrangements of C beta 2. PMID- 3485173 TI - Differences in antigen presentation to MHC class I-and class II-restricted influenza virus-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. AB - We have examined requirements for antigen presentation to a panel of MHC class I and class II-restricted, influenza virus-specific CTL clones by controlling the form of virus presented on the target cell surface. Both H-2K/D- and I region restricted CTL recognize target cells exposed to infectious virus, but only the I region-restricted clones efficiently lysed histocompatible target cells pulsed with inactivated virus preparations. The isolated influenza hemagglutinin (HA) polypeptide also could sensitize target cells for recognition by class II restricted, HA-specific CTL, but not by class I-restricted, HA-specific CTL. Inhibition of nascent viral protein synthesis abrogated the ability of target cells to present viral antigen relevant for class I-restricted CTL recognition. Significantly, presentation for class II-restricted recognition was unaffected in target cells exposed to preparations of either inactivated or infectious virus. This differential sensitivity suggested that these H-2I region-restricted CTL recognized viral polypeptides derived from the exogenously introduced virions, rather than viral polypeptides newly synthesized in the infected cell. In support of this contention, treatment of the target cells with the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine abolished recognition of infected target cells by class II-restricted CTL without diminishing class I-restricted recognition of infected target cells. Furthermore, when the influenza HA gene was introduced into target cells without exogenous HA polypeptide, the target cells that expressed the newly synthesized protein product of the HA gene were recognized only by H-2K/D-restricted CTL. These observations suggest that important differences may exist in requirements for antigen presentation between H-2K/D and H-2I region-restricted CTL. These differences may reflect the nature of the antigenic epitopes recognized by these two CTL subsets. PMID- 3485175 TI - Cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize an I-A region product in the context of a class I antigen. AB - Cloned CTLs QM3 and QM7 isolated from a bulk CTL line B10.QBR anti-B10.MBR recognized a combination of the H-2Kb molecule and an I-Ak subregion gene product. Such a combinatorial specificity was revealed by complementation of the target antigen in F1 animals between two negative parental strains carrying H-2Kb and I-Ak, respectively. We confirmed the involvement of the H-2Kb molecule by blocking killing with anti-Kb mAb and failure of certain mutant H-2Kb genes to complement with I-Ak to generate the determinant in F1 animals. Although the nature of the I-Ak subregion gene product is not definitive, there was a correlation between the expression of Ia antigens on the cell surface and susceptibility of the cells to lysis by these CTLs, suggesting that it is the classical I-Ak class II antigen. PMID- 3485176 TI - Listeria pleural effusion. PMID- 3485174 TI - Independent regulation of IgM, IgD, and Ia antigen expression in cultured immature B lymphocytes. AB - Long-term cultured bone marrow cells were characterized with respect to a number of B and pre-B cell markers. Cells expressing ThB, B-220, and IgM were found within cultures set up according to the procedure of Whitlock and Witte. This culture system was modified by placing sorted pre-B cells (ThB+, IgM-) from bone marrow in culture with previously-established bone marrow adherent layers. These cultures commenced growth without the lag associated with the Whitlock cultures. These cultured nonadherent cells show a high frequency of IgM+ cells, but do not express either IgD or Ia, and we refer to them as immature B cells. Cells with a similar phenotype (IgM+, Ia-, IgD-) are found within the spleens of young but not adult mice. The phorbol ester PMA induces expression of IgD on the cultured immature B cells, but has no effect on Ia expression. This suggests that the processing of H chain RNA transcripts may be affected by protein kinase C. These results demonstrate that the appearance of IgM, IgD, and Ia are independently controlled in long-term cultured B-lineage cells. PMID- 3485178 TI - Vitamin A enhances forelimb regeneration in juvenile leopard frogs Rana pipiens. AB - The effect of retinoids on forelimb regeneration in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, was examined by the topical application of a concentrated solution of vitamin A palmitate to the amputated left limb stumps of 30 froglets. This treatment resulted in the enhancement of regeneration; regenerative outgrowths of experimental frogs were more frequent, larger in size, and had improved morphology compared to their untreated control counterparts. We conclude that vitamin A palmitate, topically administered in concentrated dosages, exerts a positive effect on the regenerative capacity of Rana pipiens. PMID- 3485177 TI - Changes in body water and plasma constituents during bullfrog development: effects of temperature and hormones. AB - The osmoregulatory responses to warmer temperatures and hormone treatment in cold adapted (5 degrees C) Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and newly metamorphosed frogs were examined. Tadpoles transferred to 11 degrees C and 18 degrees C and left for 5 days lost 7% and 10% of their body weight. Plasma [Na+] was elevated 28% and 21%, respectively. Control (5 degrees C) animals maintained their body weight and plasma [Na+] constant. Daily treatment with either ovine prolactin (oPRL) or ovine growth hormone (oGH) prevented the weight loss and the increase in extracellular [Na+] that occurred when tadpoles were transferred to 18 degrees C. Neither propylthiouracil (PTU) nor arginine vasotocin (AVT) were effective in countering temperature-induced weight loss in tadpoles. Newly metamorphosed frogs transferred to 18 degrees C also lost weight; this was not prevented by daily treatment with saline, oPRL, oGH or PTU. However, in frogs treated daily with AVT, initial BW was regained by day 6. When warm-adapted (18 degrees C) tadpoles were treated daily for 18 days with saline, bPRL, bGH, thyroxine (T4), ergocornine, cortisol, or cortisol + T4, bPRL was most effective in retarding weight loss and maintaining body water content, whereas T4 + cortisol caused the greatest loss of weight and body water. By day 20, the correlations between weight loss and both body water content and hematocrit were highly significant. These data suggest that reported increases in plasma solute concentrations in larval amphibians may actually reflect decreases in extracellular fluid volume, rather than increased amounts of solutes, per se. PMID- 3485179 TI - Hormonal regulation of growth and life span of bullfrog tadpole tail epidermal cells cultured in vitro. AB - Epidermal cells were dissociated from tails of the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana, and cultured to investigate their response to steroid and thyroid hormones. Charcoal-treated serum (CTS) was used in the growth medium when cells were to be grown in the absence of steroid and thyroid hormones. The cells could be maintained for 2 weeks with a small increase in cell number in medium that contained CTS (CTS medium). Addition of cortisol to CTS medium increased both cellular attachment to the culture dishes and the proliferation of the attached cells with an optimum concentration of 5 X 10(-7) M. The cells remained viable and attached for at least a week. Cortisol stimulated the rate of protein synthesis 1.8-fold but did not alter the rate of DNA synthesis. The cells did not proliferate in the medium containing triiodothyronine (T3) and detached themselves from the dish within 5 days, which occurred in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum effect at 10(-8) M. It drastically decreased the rate of DNA synthesis but did not influence the rate of protein synthesis. These responses of cells to cortisol and T3 may reflect growth and death of tail epidermal cells in vivo at metamorphosis. PMID- 3485180 TI - Stimulatory effect of ascorbic acid on norepinephrine biosynthesis in digitonin permeabilized adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. AB - The regulatory role of ascorbic acid in norepinephrine biosynthesis was studied using digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. When permeabilized chromaffin cells were incubated with [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine ([3H]dopamine) in calcium-free medium, the amounts of radioactive dopamine and norepinephrine measured in the cell fraction were increased as a function of incubation time and dopamine concentration. Both the accumulation of dopamine and the formation of norepinephrine were shown to require the presence of Mg-ATP in the medium. These results indicate that the permeabilization of chromaffin cells by digitonin treatment does not disrupt the functions of chromaffin granules, including dopamine uptake, norepinephrine formation, and storage of these amines. Using this permeabilized cell system, the effect of ascorbic acid on the rates of dopamine uptake and hydroxylation was investigated. The formation of norepinephrine was stimulated by ascorbic acid at concentrations of 0.5-2 mM in the presence of Mg-ATP. By contrast, dopamine uptake was not affected by the presence or absence of ascorbic acid in the medium. These findings provide evidence that ascorbic acid may stimulate the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine by increasing dopamine beta monooxygenase activity rather than by increasing the substrate supply of dopamine. These observations also suggest that the rate of norepinephrine biosynthesis in adrenal medullary cells may be regulated by the concentration of ascorbic acid within the cell cytoplasm. PMID- 3485181 TI - Epidermal growth factor in synaptosomal fractions of mouse cerebral cortex. AB - Using a specific and sensitive epidermal growth factor radioimmunoassay (EGF-RIA) we measured EGF concentrations in whole brain, cerebral cortex, and cerebral cortical synaptosomal (pinched-off presynaptic nerve terminals) fractions of 26 day-old mouse brain. The relative EGF concentration in synaptosomal fractions was significantly greater than the growth factor concentrations in whole brain or cerebral cortex. Intracerebral injection, in an amount of EGF, several-fold greater than whole brain EGF content, did not appreciably increase synaptosomal EGF concentration, suggesting that no artifact was involved. The high synaptosomal EGF content suggests a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator role for EGF in the CNS. PMID- 3485182 TI - Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. A correlative clinical and visual evoked potential study of 18 patients. AB - The clinical and visual evoked potential (VEP) findings were analysed in 18 patients with anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. The VEP studies showed a variety of abnormalities which could be interpreted as being the result of subcomponent interaction consequent upon loss or attenuation of the normal macular-derived P100 component. Delay of normal VEP subcomponents was not seen. The VEP findings were non-specific but pointed to a severe disturbance of transmission in optic nerve fibres subserving central vision. No significant changes were observed with time in most cases indicating a static monophasic process with no significant recovery. PMID- 3485184 TI - Over-the-counter analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatories: the nurse's role in selection and use. PMID- 3485183 TI - Long-term effects of spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain syndromes. AB - A total of 50 patients with chronic pain syndromes were selected for treatment with spinal cord stimulation. Correct positioning of electrodes was obtained in 44 patients, leading to an initial alleviation of pain in 25 patients. In 6 patients, electrodes (though still effective in 4) had to be removed because of surgical complications within the first 5 months of use. Only 8 patients had at least some beneficial effect lasting for more than 3 years. The long-term results in patients with more severe psychological disturbances were no worse than those of the other patients. PMID- 3485185 TI - First repeated bone scan in the observation of patients with operable breast cancer. AB - Data on 1,601 patients with node-positive operable breast cancer who were randomized in four different prospective adjuvant therapy trials were analyzed to evaluate the role of routine bone scans and the alkaline phosphatase value at regular intervals in screening for bone involvement. Bone scan was a prerequisite for randomization and was repeated within the first 12 months in 90% (1,441) of the patients. Abnormal or doubtful scan findings had to be verified by x-ray examination. The repeated scan results were normal in 1,263 (87.8%) patients, doubtful but with no radiologic evidence of bone metastasis in 161 (11%), and abnormal (radiologically confirmed) in 17 (1.2%). After a median observation of 4 years bone metastases as the first relapse developed in 136 (8.5%) patients. This occurred in 87 of 1,263 (6.9%) of the patients with normal repeated scan results and in 18 of 161 (11.2%) of those with doubtful repeated scan findings. Based on the results of the first repeated scan, early detection of a first recurrence in bone might have been possible for 2.4% of the population. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were also without clinical use. Bone scan in the observation of patients with operable breast cancer should be performed only as dictated by the clinical situation. PMID- 3485186 TI - Transducer action of isolated frog muscle spindle evoked by pseudorandom noise stimuli. AB - The dynamic response properties of the isolated frog muscle spindle receptor were investigated by recording the receptor potential evoked by pseudorandom noise (PRN) stimuli. The entire dynamic range of the receptor was determined by measuring the sensory response either at different intensities of the PRN stimulus (sigma = 8-30 microns) around a constant mean length or at the same intensity while varying the mean length from resting length L0 up to L0 + 150 microns. The 3-dB bandwidth of the test signal was 130 Hz. Random stimuli often evoked brief receptor potentials with variable size but characteristic shape. This shape contained a fast depolarization transient of the receptor potential during the stretching phase of the stimulus and a slowly decaying repolarization transient during release of stretch. The depolarization transient rose faster in proportion to the increasing amplitude of the receptor potential, so that larger receptor potentials were more phasic in character than smaller ones. The repolarization transient exhibited two segments of different exponential decay: The first brief repolarization phase lasted for 5 ms; its decline (tau = 2-5 ms) was faster for larger receptor potentials. The second slowly decaying repolarization transient was the same for different receptor potential amplitudes (tau = 47 ms). Consequently, the slow repolarization transients of succeeding receptor potentials displayed temporal summation. Since the amplitude and shape of the receptor potential remained constant during repeated sequences of PRN stimuli, this test stimulus was the most appropriate for the investigation of dynamic response properties under stationary conditions. Long-term stimulation caused a small shift of the mean membrane voltage towards hyperpolarizing values. This finding together with the marked "off effect" after termination of the stimulus indicate the action of an electrogenic pumping mechanism. The dynamic range of the muscle spindle receptor extended from resting length L0 up to L0 + 100 microns. Within this range static prestretches placed a bias upon the transducing site and effectively enhanced the amplitude of the receptor potential. Further prestretch beyond the dynamic region kept the receptor potential constant at its maximum amplitude. The receptor potential amplitude distribution was not symmetrical about the mean but was skewed in favor of depolarization values responding to the stretch trajectories of the PRN stimulus. Variation of the operating point by increasing the static prestretch also shifted the mode of the response distribution towards depolarization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485187 TI - Encoder response of isolated frog muscle spindle elicited by pseudorandom noise stimuli. AB - The present experiments investigated the signal transfer in the isolated frog muscle spindle by using pseudorandom noise (PRN) as the analytical probe. In order to guarantee that the random stimulus covered the entire dynamic range of the receptor, PRN stimuli of different intensities were applied around a constant mean length, or PRN stimuli of the same intensity were used while varying the mean length of the spindle. Subthreshold receptor potentials, local responses, and propagated action potentials were recorded simultaneously from the first Ranvier node of the afferent stem fiber, thus providing detailed insight into the spike-initiating process within a sensory receptor. Relevant features of the PRN stimulus were evaluated by a preresponse averaging technique. Up to tau = 2 ms before each action potential the encoder selected a small set of steeply rising stretch transients. A second component of the preresponse stimulus ensemble (tau = 2-5 ms) opposed the overall stretch bias. Since each steeply rising stretch transient evoked a steeply rising receptor potential that guaranteed the critical slope condition of the encoding site, this stimulus profile was most effective in initiating action potentials. The dynamic range of the muscle spindle receptor extended from resting length, L0, to about L0 + 100 microns. At the lower limit (L0) the encoding membrane was depolarized to its firing level and discharged action potentials spontaneously. When random stretches larger than the upper region of the dynamic range were applied, the spindle discharged at the maximum impulse rate and displayed no depolarization block or "overstretch" phenomenon. Random stretches applied within the dynamic range evoked regular discharge patterns that were firmly coupled to the PRN. The afferent discharge rate increased, and the precision of phase-locking improved when the intensity of the PRN stimulus was increased around a constant mean stretch; or the mean prestretch level was raised to higher values while the intensity of the PRN stimulus was kept constant. In the case when the PRN stimulus covered the entire dynamic range, the temporal pattern of the afferent discharge remained constant for at least 10 consecutive sequences of PRN. A spectral analysis of the discharge patterns averaged over several sequences of PRN was employed. At the same stimulus intensity the response spectra displayed low-pass filter characteristics with a 10-dB bandwidth of 300 Hz and a high-frequency slope of -12 dB/oct. Increasing the mean intensity of the PRN stimulus or raising the prestretch level increased the response power.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485188 TI - Facilitation effect of auxiliary noise stimuli on response of isolated frog muscle spindle to sinusoidal movements. AB - Receptor potentials and impulse patterns were recorded from isolated frog muscle spindles using sinusoidal and superimposed random stretches as stimuli with different sinus-to-noise ratios. The entire dynamic amplitude range of the spindle receptor was evaluated by measuring the sensory response at different levels of static stretch. Auxiliary random stimuli provoked rectified fast depolarizing receptor potential transients; their amplitude and slope grew larger with increasing intensity of the noise stimulus and with increasing prestretch level. Due to this strongly nonlinear behavior of the transducing site the frequency and size of the receptor potentials evoked by the auxiliary input signal increased during the stretching phase of the sinusoidal movement. Since the fast depolarizing receptor potential transients provided a powerful trigger for the action potential encoding site, auxiliary random stimuli effectively enhanced the afferent discharge rate, especially during the stretching phase of the sinusoidal movement. Auxiliary noise stimuli could even activate the afferent discharge to an otherwise subthreshold sinusoidal stretch. It is assumed that by the same mechanism the transfer characteristic of the receptor is broadened towards higher frequencies. Since auxiliary random stimuli increased the nonlinear properties of all receptor response components, a "linearizing" approximation technique only partially describes the receptor's transfer properties. The facilitation effect recorded in the differentiated muscle spindle when random stimuli were superimposed on sinusoidal displacements closely resembled the excitation of afferent firing when passive stretching interacted with active fusimotor innervation. A hypothesis is proposed to explain both effects by the same mechanism acting upon the transducing sensory endings: Since passive random stretches as well as active twitching of the intrafusal muscle fibers exhibited almost the same range of frequency components, we propose that both stimuli also generate the same kind of receptor potentials; namely, those fast-rising depolarization transients of the receptor potential, which vigorously drive the encoding site. In general, these experiments explain how the specific response of a neuron can be facilitated by an additional unspecific (noisy) input. PMID- 3485189 TI - Vestibular signals carried by pathways subserving plasticity of the vestibulo ocular reflex in monkeys. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is subject to long-term adaptive changes that minimize retinal image slip and keep eye movement equal to and opposite head movement. As a step toward identifying the site of neural changes, we have used a transient vestibular stimulus to study the dynamic response properties of the vestibular signals carried by the modifiable pathways. In normal monkeys, "rapid changes in head velocity" (30 degrees/sec in 50 msec) evoke a VOR that has a slight overshoot and reaches a steady-state gain (eye velocity divided by head velocity) of 1.0. Adaptation to magnifying spectacles causes changes in both the steady-state gain and the degree of overshoot in the eye velocity of the VOR. When the steady-state gain is decreased, the transient overshoot increases, so that peak eye velocity is twice steady-state. When the steady-state gain is increased, the overshoot decreases, so that peak eye velocity is nearly equal to steady-state. The discharge of vestibular primary afferents suggests an explanation for the inverse relationship between the transient overshoot and the steady-state gain of the VOR. In normal monkeys, 73 afferents showed a range of transient responses during rapid changes in head velocity. The afferents with the most regular spontaneous discharge had little overshoot in firing rate. Afferents with less regular discharge had large overshoots in firing; the peak change in firing was 2-6 X the steady-state change. We suggest that the large overshoot in eye velocity when VOR gain is low represents the contribution of vestibular signals from afferents with large transient responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485191 TI - Subcortical electrical stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans. Report of 122 cases (1970-1984). AB - Chronic electrical stimulation of the subcortical area of the brain by implanted electrodes provides satisfactory control of a number of intractable pain syndromes that are refractory to medication. This series of 122 patients who underwent electrode implantation for the control of severe chronic pain was evaluated over a follow-up period of 2 to 14 years. Of the 65 patients with pain of peripheral origin, who were treated with stimulation of the periaqueductal gray region (PAG), 50 obtained successful pain control. Of 76 patients with a deafferentation pain syndrome, 44 obtained control of the dysesthesia with stimulation of the subcortical somatosensory region. Nineteen patients with both leg and back pain received electrodes in the PAG and the somatosensory regions; whereas back pain was relieved by PAG stimulation, dysesthetic leg pain was controlled more effectively by somatosensory region stimulation. The electrical stimulation technique appears to provide long-term pain control safely, with few side effects or complications. PMID- 3485192 TI - Cancer mortality among white males in the meat industry. AB - A study was conducted among 13,844 members of a meat-cutter's union, from July 1949 to December 1980, to examine cancer occurrence in the meat industry. Separate analyses were carried out for the whole group, and for subgroups defined by job-categories characteristic of the industry, including a control group. Mortality was compared with that of the United States through the estimation of standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and proportional mortality ratios. A statistically significant proportional mortality ratio of 2.9 was obtained for Hodgkin's disease among abattoir workers; the SMR of 2.2 was not significant. Among meat-packing plant workers, highly statistically significant SMRs were recorded for bone cancer, SMR = 9.6; cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, SMR = 3.4; and lung cancer, SMR = 1.9. The role of oncogenic viruses and other carcinogenic exposures was investigated. PMID- 3485190 TI - Differences in transmitter release and number of nerve terminals per motoneuron between two frog muscles. AB - Recent studies suggest that the number of nerve terminals maintained per motoneuron and perhaps other motoneuron properties (Grinnell and Herrera, 1980a; Grinnell and Trussell, 1983) influence transmitter release. We have examined, in detail, the structure and function of motoneurons innervating two different twitch muscles, the sartorius and the ext. long. dig. IV (e.l.d.) in the adult frog using histochemical and electrophysiological techniques. These studies were undertaken with a view towards learning whether differences in the number of nerve terminals per motoneuron were correlated with differences in transmitter release between motoneurons innervating these two muscles. Moreover, these studies provide detailed, quantitative data that are a necessary prerequisite for carrying out additional studies to examine the possible influence of muscle on transmitter release properties. In low Ca2+-high Mg2+ Ringer's solution, mean quantal content (m) and miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) frequency were larger at sartorius than at e.l.d. end-plates. The mean length of nerve terminals was also found to be greater in sartorius than in e.l.d. muscles. When release was normalized for the difference in terminal length, m remained larger in the sartorius, whereas MEPP frequency in the two muscles was similar. Cell bodies of individual sartorius motoneurons were greater in cross-sectional area and maintained approximately 5.6-fold greater aggregate length of nerve terminals per motoneuron than did e.l.d. motoneurons. This greater aggregate length of nerve terminal contact with their respective target muscles is primarily a result of a greater number of nerve terminals supported by sartorius than by e.l.d. motoneurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485194 TI - An experimental study on the pathogenesis of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy- significance of congestion and endotoxaemia. AB - To clarify the pathogenesis of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy, the present study was undertaken using the ileum of rats. The ligation of marginal veins of the ileum or the injection of endotoxin to the intact rats induced only slight mucosal haemorrhage. On the other hand, the injection of endotoxin into rats with ligation of the marginal veins led to severe mucosal haemorrhage. The severe mucosal haemorrhage was markedly inhibited by suppression of the production of bradykinin. These experimental results suggest that some cases of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy may be induced by the co-existence of endotoxaemia and congestion of the intestine. Thus, the mechanism of severe mucosal haemorrhage may be as follows: bradykinin, induced by endotoxin, acts to dilate capillaries and small veins in the mucosa and markedly increases their permeability. PMID- 3485193 TI - Buccal cellulitis in an infant due to ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae. AB - Hemophilus influenzae type B is known for its predilection to produce infections in the cheeks of infants. Early recognition and aggressive intervention are essential to avoid potentially life-threatening sequelae. A case is presented in which a resistant strain obscured the diagnosis and prolonged the illness. Clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis of the disease are discussed. PMID- 3485195 TI - Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in children with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Although abnormalities of calcium and vitamin D metabolism are recognized in children with nephrotic syndrome, longitudinal observations are not available in these patients during periods of relapse and remission. We report observations in 58 children (mean age 10.1 years) with nephrotic syndrome and normal glomerular filtration rate. Hypocalcemia, modest hyperparathyroidism, and strikingly low calcidiol levels were identified during episodes of relapse. Most alterations were transient, and normalized on remission. The plasma concentration of calcitriol, the most active metabolite of vitamin D, was found to be normal in both relapse and remission. In the presence of hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, however, normal plasma calcitriol levels in relapse may be inappropriately low and reflect a state of relative deficiency. Concurrent glucocorticoid therapy did not modify the results. A corollary of our observations is that children with relapsing or protracted nephrotic syndrome are at risk of developing metabolic bone disease, even without impairment of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 3485197 TI - Synthesis and toxicity toward nigrostriatal dopamine neurons of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) analogues. AB - Six compounds having structural features in common with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were synthesized and tested in mice for the ability to produce a prolonged decrease in nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) and DA metabolites. The compounds that were prepared and tested include the ester elimination products of the analgetic drugs alpha-prodine and trimeperidine. None of the compounds in this study, except for MPTP, produced significant neurotoxic effects in the mouse model. The study shows that minor changes in the tetrahydropyridine ring of MPTP result in a marked decrease in neurotoxicity. PMID- 3485196 TI - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XVI. Pharmacodynamics of theophylline induced seizures in rats. AB - Seizures, often with fatal outcome, are a manifestation of pronounced theophylline intoxication. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the relationship between theophylline concentrations and theophylline-induced convulsions and to develop an animal model suitable for exploring conditions that might predispose theophylline-treated individuals to seizures. Female Lewis rats (approximately 170 g) received an i.v. infusion of theophylline (as aminophylline) at one of three different rates (1.03-5.1 mg/min/rat) until the animals exhibited a maximal seizure (which occurred after 11 +/- 1 to 42 +/- 3 min of infusion). The total dose, the serum concentration (both total and unbound drug) and the brain concentration of theophylline at onset of seizures increased with increasing infusion rate. The theophylline concentration in cerebrospinal fluid at onset of seizures (mean +/- S.D., 232 +/- 17 mg/l, n = 41) was not affected by the infusion rate. The theophylline metabolites 1-methyluric acid and 1,3-dimethyluric acid were found in serum but at very much lower concentrations than those of theophylline. 1-Methylxanthine and caffeine were not detected in any serum sample, 3-methylxanthine was present in low concentrations in only some serum samples and 1-methyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine were found in the brain in low concentrations (less than 10 mg/kg). Theophylline metabolites were not detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Direct i.v. infusion of either 1-methyluric acid, 1,3-dimethyluric acid or 3-methylxanthine did not produce seizures despite high concentrations in serum. Ethylenediamine infusions also did not cause seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485198 TI - Beta-lactamases of type culture strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group and of strains that hydrolyse cefoxitin, latamoxef and imipenem. AB - Susceptibilities to beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase content of two groups of Bacteroides strains were compared. Type cultures produced low levels of beta-lactamase and were susceptible to cefoxitin, latamoxef, imipenem and the combination of benzylpenicillin and clavulanic acid. Other Bacteroides strains that produced higher levels of beta-lactamase were generally less susceptible to these antibiotics; this resistance was more closely related to enzyme type than to the amount of enzyme present. The beta-lactamases produced by the test strains fell into three broad groups on the basis of antibiotic degradation and inhibitor profiles: those that inactivated benzylpenicillin, but not cefoxitin, latamoxef or imipenem, and were susceptible to inhibition by beta-lactamase inhibitors; those that hydrolysed benzylpenicillin, cefoxitin and latamoxef, but not imipenem, and which were less susceptible to inhibition by beta-lactamase inhibitors; an enzyme that inactivated all the antibiotics and was not inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors. PMID- 3485199 TI - Recognition of cloned influenza virus hemagglutinin gene products by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed in large quantities on infected cell surfaces and is known to serve as a target antigen for influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Despite the fact that HAs derived from different influenza A virus subtypes are serologically non-cross-reactive, the HA has been implicated by previous experiments to be a target antigen for the subset of T cells capable of lysing cells infected with any human influenza A subtype (cross-reactive CTL). To directly determine whether the HA is recognized by cross-reactive CTL, we used vaccinia virus recombinants containing DNA copies of the PR8 (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) (H1N1) or JAP (A/JAP/305) (H2N2) HA genes. When these viruses were used to stimulate HA-specific CTL and to sensitize target cells for lysis by HA-specific CTL, we found no evidence for HA recognition by cross-reactive CTL aside from a relatively small degree of cross-reactivity between H1 and H2 HAs. Results of unlabeled target inhibition studies were consistent with the conclusion that the HA is, at most, only a minor target antigen for cross-reactive CTL. PMID- 3485200 TI - Adenoviral early region 4 is required for efficient viral DNA replication and for late gene expression. AB - H2dl808 is a defective deletion mutant of human adenovirus 2 lacking most of transcriptional early region 4. Although the mutant can be grown in the complementing cell line W162, it is defective in human cell lines normally used to propagate adenovirus. In such nonpermissive cells, H2dl808 exhibits a severe defect in late gene expression, accumulating very small amounts of viral late messages and producing correspondingly small amounts of viral late proteins. H2dl808 also exhibits a defect in viral DNA synthesis: 24 h after infection, H2dl808-infected nonpermissive cells contain five- to sevenfold less viral DNA than those cells infected with wild-type adenovirus. H2dl808-infected nonpermissive cells eventually accumulate a significant amount of viral DNA. However, the rate of synthesis of viral proteins late in mutant infection remains much lower than that observed in wild-type infection at a time when DNA accumulation is comparable. Thus, the mutant's late protein synthesis defect is probably not due solely to its reduced accumulation of viral DNA. Finally, H2dl808 is much less efficient than wild-type virus in the inhibition of host cell protein synthesis in infections of nonpermissive cells. These observations imply roles for early region 4 products in several aspects of the viral growth cycle, including DNA replication, late gene expression, and host cell shutoff. PMID- 3485202 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Chancroid--Massachusetts. PMID- 3485201 TI - Hepadnavirus infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes in vivo: woodchuck and chimpanzee models of viral hepatitis. AB - The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of five hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected chimpanzees and 17 woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchucks were examined for the presence of viral DNA and RNA. HBV DNA was detected in the PBL of three of three chronically infected chimpanzees but in neither of two animals with acute HBV infection. WHV DNA was found in the PBL of 11 of 13 chronically infected woodchucks and in the PBL and bone marrow of 1 of 4 woodchucks with antibody to WHV surface antigen. Viral DNA in the PBL and bone marrow was episomal, primarily existing as multimers with some monomeric forms. Integrated HBV DNA was detected in the PBL of one chronically infected chimpanzee, but only for a brief period. Viral RNA was also detected in the PBL, although less frequently than was DNA. HBV RNA in chimpanzee PBL existed as 3.8- and 7.5 kilobase species, while 2.3- and 3.8-kilobase WHV RNA was found in woodchuck PBL. Subfractionation of PBL isolated from the chronically infected chimpanzees demonstrated that HBV DNA and RNA were located in B and T cells. No HBV DNA was detected in the macrophages. These results, along with the recent reports of HBV nucleic acids in the PBL of human patients, suggest that infection of PBL may be a general phenomenon associated with the pathology of hepadnaviruses. PMID- 3485204 TI - [Introduction of POS to nurses. 5. Password in thinking data bases: "data bases for nursing"]. PMID- 3485205 TI - [Team care and POS. Entries into records]. PMID- 3485203 TI - [The effect of immunochemotherapy with PSK in malignant tumors of the female reproductive organs]. AB - In our series of investigations concerning immunopotentiators, we evaluated the host immunocompetence of patients triggered by PSK. Our subjects for screening consisted of seven patients with malignant tumors of female reproductive organs chosen at random from our patients. Four of them were treated with chemotherapy (CAPF) alone and served as controls, whereas the other three were administered PSK, 3.0 g/day, plus chemotherapy as above. Cellular and humoral immunities were measured at three points. Firstly prior to chemotherapy, secondly, two weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and thirdly, prior to next chemotherapy. The results indicated higher values of T-cell subset ratio OKT-4/8 of 2.73 +/- 0.56 on the average for cellular immunocompetence as compared to 1.35 +/- 0.45 for normal subjects in the PSK-administered group, whereas there was no increase in the non-PSK-administered group, in which the value was 1.28 +/- 0.30. Thus, PSK was considered to extert an immunopotentiating effect on the T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3485206 TI - [Team care of POS. Preliminary description of POS]. PMID- 3485207 TI - [Team care and POS. Introduction of POS (problem-oriented system)]. PMID- 3485208 TI - [Team care and POS. Application of POS to nursing]. PMID- 3485209 TI - [Team care and POS. Keypoints in POS training]. PMID- 3485210 TI - [Team care and POS. Medical information processing and POS]. PMID- 3485211 TI - [Panel discussion: problems in the practice of POS by the medical team. A nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 3485212 TI - Early hematopoietic events during tumor growth in mice. AB - Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) of C57BL/6 mice, a transplantable tumor widely metastatic by 6-7 days post implant (PI), caused hematopoietic alterations such as progressive anemia (hemoglobin: day 1 PI, 11.0 g/dl; day 19 PI, 7.8 g/dl), neutrophilia (neutrophils: day 1 PI, 2 X 10(3)/microliter; day 19 PI, 22 X 10(3)/microliter), and marrow and splenic myeloid hyperplasia (marrow myeloid-to erythroid ratio: day 1 PI, 1:1; day 7 PI, 3:1). Accompanying these changes were an increased concentration of marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (culture) (GM-CFUC) (day 3 PI, LLC 185 +/- 27% of control; day 19 PI, LLC 265 +/- 10% of control) and accelerated cycling of these myeloid progenitors [day 3 PI, LLC 45.3 +/- 6.5% GM-CFUC in cycle vs. sham (media) injected 17.5 +/- 10.5%; day 7 PI, LLC 52.2 +/- 2.5% vs. sham (media) injected 29.8 +/- 9.8%; day 11 PI, LLC 56.2 +/- 4.4% vs. sham (media) injected 22.2 +/- 14%]. This study questioned whether enhanced hematopoiesis was a result of progressive tumor growth or whether the injection of tumor cells could evoke the response. By use of groups of C57BL/6 mice given an injection of live LLC cells, x-irradiated killed LLC cells, or media, the hematopoietic response to live LLC cells versus dead LLC cells could be dissected. A biphasic colony-stimulating activity (CSA) response in the sera of tumor bearers was found to account for the myelopoietic changes. The first wave of CSA from days 1 to 3 PI stimulated 168 +/- 3.7% more GM-CFUC than control sera and was likely released by dead cells of the tumor inoculum; the second wave from day 7 onward stimulated 220 +/- 7.6% more colonies and was a result of the enlarging tumor mass. Tumor growth was necessary for GM-CFUC proliferation, and the declining growth fraction at day 19 in LLC-bearing mice suggested that hematopoietic exhaustion was a consequence of tumor growth. PMID- 3485213 TI - [Treatment of complicated stomach cancer in elderly patients]. PMID- 3485214 TI - [Cellular immunity in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3485215 TI - [Various reactions of the human body during 7 days of anti-orthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - Time-course variations in the cardiovascular parameters, vestibulo-autonomic stability, work capacity and nutritional status were measured in 20 male test subjects, aged 19-22, who were exposed for 7 days to head-down tilt (-10 degrees). Beginning with days 3 or 4, new hemodynamic ratios developed that indicated a new level of circulation regulation and adaptation to head-down tilt. It appears that blood redistribution towards the head led to an enhanced vestibulo-autonomic stability. Renal excretion of nitrogen increased, reaching the highest level on days 6-7. The investigations allow the conclusion that 7-day head-down tilt may cause changes in almost every physiological system. PMID- 3485216 TI - [T- and B-components of immunity in acute altitude sickness]. AB - Immunological aspects of the adaptation process were investigated in 57 male test subjects that stayed for 30 days at an altitude of 3600 m above sea level (Eastern Pamir Mountain Range). The uneventful development of adaptation was accompanied by a short-term decrease in the number and activity of T-lymphocytes. An acute mountain disease led to a distinct deficiency of T-cell immunity which still persisted on test day 30. Besides, the content of zero cells in circulating blood was increased and the blast-transformation reaction of lymphocytes to concanavalin A was inhibited. Prior to the ascent the test subjects who were susceptible to the acute mountain disease showed a lower content of T-lymphocytes and a higher content of zero cells in circulating blood. PMID- 3485217 TI - Potential neurotoxicity of NaBH4 reduced paraquat. PMID- 3485219 TI - Haemophilus influenzae and systemic disease--not strictly a pediatric pathogen. PMID- 3485218 TI - Tin concentration in the thymus glands of rats and mice and its relation to the involution of the gland. AB - Tin is an ubiquitous element and thus enters mammals through the food chain. It has never been found to be dysfunctional in either plants or animal tissue and has been regarded as an innocuous background material. Of the many organs and glands that have been analyzed for tin, only the thymus gland exhibits an above average value for tin. A complete study on the tin content in the thymus gland has never been published and this work is an attempt to investigate this subject. Three types of rodents were used in this study; inbred Lewis rats, inbred A/KI mice (a breast cancer prone mouse) and outbred COBS mice (a cancer resistant mouse). The tin analysis of the muscle, spleen, and thymus indicated constant values for the muscle and spleen tissue, but an increase in the thymic tin concentration (ppm) with age. Besides normal aging studies, the animals were administered the disodium salt of dexamethasone-21-phosphate (dexa), which causes rapid loss of lymphocytes from the spleen and thymus but has no effect upon the muscle. Tin concentration in the muscles remained constant, showed a loss from the spleen and an increase in the thymus gland. The increase indicates that the tin was probably located in the medulla of the thymus, which may be the active biochemical site for tin in rodents. When compared to the COBS mice, the A/KI mice showed a non-statistical difference in tin content in the muscle and spleen and statistically significant lower tin content in the thymus gland. PMID- 3485220 TI - Intraoperative angioscopy of saphenous vein and coronary arteries. AB - During coronary artery bypass graft operations, the saphenous vein graft and native coronary arteries in 17 patients were examined with a 1.7 mm fiberoptic catheter to determine the feasibility of the procedure and its potential for clinical application. Good to excellent visualization in 10 of 11 proximal and 10 of 10 distal coronary anastomoses was obtained promptly and consistently. Good visualization of native coronary arteries was obtained in only six of 11 vessels. Three of three coronary arteries were visualized through the completed distal anastomosis, whereas only three of eight vessels could be visualized directly through the arteriotomy site before completion of the distal anastomosis. The image quality improved with operator experience. Vessel distention by cold crystalloid solution during catheter visualization was also important for obtaining better images. Limitations of the current "state of the art" fiberoptic catheters include the large size relative to the usual dimensions of the native coronary vessels, a lack of perfusion channel, and the absence of an angulation or guiding system. Potentially, angioscopic catheters may be useful as an instructional aid during bypass operations or as a diagnostic tool in monitoring arterial status after thrombolytic intervention, balloon angioplasty, or laser therapy. PMID- 3485221 TI - Surgical results for mitral regurgitation from coronary artery disease. AB - Results of coronary artery bypass grafting with and without mitral valve replacement were analyzed retrospectively in 101 patients with preoperative ischemic mitral regurgitation to determine the effects of severity and surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation on survival. Between 1980 and 1984, a total of 1,475 patients (mean age 59, 77% male) underwent coronary bypass. These patients were divided into three groups: (1) patients without ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent isolated coronary bypass (1,374; 93%), (2) patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent isolated coronary bypass without valve replacement (85; 6%), and (3) patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent combined mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass (16; 1%). Preoperatively, patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation compared to those without regurgitation were significantly older (+6 years, p less than 0.001), had more severe coronary artery disease (p less than 0.001), a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (24% versus 5%, p less than 0.001) and recent myocardial infarction (16% versus 8%, p less than 0.01), and a lower mean ejection fraction (45% versus 61%, p less than 0.001). Operative mortality was significantly increased in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation who underwent coronary bypass alone (p less than 0.01) and in those who underwent coronary bypass and mitral valve replacement (p less than 0.01)--11% and 19%, respectively--than in the coronary bypass patients without ischemic mitral regurgitation (3.7%). The severity of mitral regurgitation (0 to 4+) proved to be the most significant predictor of operative mortality. The actuarial survival rate at 5 years for the coronary bypass patients without ischemic mitral regurgitation was 85% compared to 91% (p less than 0.05) for the coronary bypass patients without ischemic mitral regurgitation. These results indicate that patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation have a higher prevalence of cardiac risk factors and are at an increased risk of operative mortality. Although the severity of the ischemic mitral regurgitation was strongly predictive of early survival, it proved to have an unexpectedly modest effect on long-term survival after surgical treatment. PMID- 3485222 TI - The 14q+ marker in hairy cell leukaemia. A cytogenetic study of 15 cases. AB - Leukaemic cells from 19 patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), characterised by morphological, immunological and ultrastructural criteria, were investigated for chromosome abnormalities after stimulation with B-cell mitogens (Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), lipopolysaccharide B and EBV). The cells from all cases had a B cell phenotype and in each case only a single light chain type was expressed on the membrane of the cells. Only 15 patients with adequate metaphases are included in this study. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were observed in 12 patients of which five had a 14q + involving q32. Of the remaining 3 cases 1 had nonclonal abnormalities and 2 had normal karyotypes. The donor chromosomes were identified in 3 cases and were found to be 9, 18 and 22. An interstitial rearrangement of chromosome 14 involving band q22 was seen in 2 cases and a deletion of chromosome 14 at q24 in 1 case. Amongst other chromosome abnormalities 12p was involved in 4 cases, 12q in 2 cases and chromosomes 7 and 22 in 3 cases each. The significance of the abnormalities has been discussed in relation to sites of cellular oncogenes. Our study demonstrates that chromosome abnormalities common to other B cell disorders are present in HCL. PMID- 3485223 TI - Production of chemokinetic inhibitory factor (CIF) by normal blood and spleen B lymphocytes. AB - We have recently reported the partial purification and characterization of of a new lymphokine, the heat-labile chemokinetic inhibitory factor (CIF) which inhibits neutrophil movement. We have also shown that this lymphokine is produced and secreted by cultured B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells in vitro. The present study shows that highly purified resting normal B lymphocytes from blood and spleen have the capacity to produce CIF spontaneously. After activation with anti-IgM or EBV-infection the lymphocytes produced a number of other factors, heat-stable chemokinetic inhibitory factors and heat-labile chemokinetic enhancing factors. Supernatants from a collection of human B-cell lines representing different stages of B-cell differentiation were also investigated. None of these cell lines produced CIF. The present results show that the production of CIF is not restricted to the malignant B-CLL cell but is also produced by a subset of normal blood and spleen B cells. PMID- 3485225 TI - Notes on advances in developmental biology, cell adhesion, oncogenes, metastasis, differentiation markers in lymphoid tumors. PMID- 3485224 TI - Phenotypic modulation of T-lymphoblastic leukaemic cells with phorbol ester and leucocyte conditioned medium. AB - Human T-lymphoblastic leukaemic cell line Karpas-45 (K-45) can be induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to become phenotypically more mature. Marker studies show that the percentages of E-rosette-positive (E+) and UCHT1+ cells are increased after exposure to PMA. Fluorescence of UCHT4+ and 2D1+ cells is increased although their percentages remain almost unchanged. OKT4+ and peanut agglutinin (PNA)-positive cells are greatly reduced. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) becomes negative. PMA treatment of K-45 cells after deletion of UCHT4+ cells suggest that marker changes detected by UCHT2, OKT4 and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) occur mainly in the UCHT4+ cells. The proliferation of PMA treated K-45 cells is dramatically inhibited and the cell size becomes smaller. These results indicate that K-45 cells are induced to differentiate phenotypically towards a suppressor/cytotoxic T cell. However functional maturation can not be demonstrated. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leucocyte conditioned medium (LCM) is able to suppress DNA synthesis of K-45 cells and reduce the PNA+ proportion. It seems that LCM can induce a limited degree of differentiation of K-45 cells. PMID- 3485226 TI - BALB/c and CBA mice differ in the subtype of T cell involved in Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced lymphomas. AB - Subsets of T cells can be recognized by presence or absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) or 20 alpha-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) activity. By use of these enzyme markers Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-induced lymphomas were shown to involve different T-cell subtypes. In the present paper we show that the genotype of the mouse has a strong influence on the subtype of T cell involved in lymphoma. BALB/c mice preferentially develop 20 alpha SDH-positive lymphomas, whereas CBA lymphomas often have the TdT phenotype. Comparison of the 20 alpha SDH activity of normal bone marrow cells showed that BALB/c mice have higher enzyme levels than CBA mice. The relative availability of a certain type of cell at a critical early step in leukemogenesis may thus influence lymphoma type. PMID- 3485228 TI - Advances in rheumatology. PMID- 3485227 TI - Hemochromatosis: the neglected diagnosis. PMID- 3485229 TI - Seronegative spondyloarthritides. AB - Recently, there has been enormous growth in the clinical importance of the spondyloarthropathies, in part because of their close association with HLA, and in part because of the recognition that a substantial number of patients suffer from different forms of these disorders. Over the years, immunogeneticists, geneticists, epidemiologists, bacteriologists, membrane biologists, and clinicians have joined in the attempt to clarify our understanding of ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, psoriatic arthropathy, and other interrelated conditions. This article provides a summary of clinical and research developments in what is now recognized as a major area in rheumatology. PMID- 3485230 TI - [New clues to the etiology of Parkinson disease: parkinsonism induced by the neurotoxin MPTP]. PMID- 3485231 TI - [Mercury in the central nervous system in relation to amalgam fillings]. PMID- 3485232 TI - [Reconstruction of function in vocal cord paralysis. Round table discussion]. PMID- 3485233 TI - Osteomyelitis of the base of the skull. AB - Infection in the marrow of the temporal, occipital, and sphenoid bones is an uncommon, but increasing occurrence. It is usually secondary to infections beginning in the external auditory canal and is caused almost uniformly by the gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Technetium and gallium scintigraphy help in the early detection of such infections while CT scans demonstrate dissolution of bone in well-developed cases. Headache is the predominant symptom. Dysphagia, hoarseness, and aspiration herald the inevitable march of cranial nerves. We have diagnosed and treated 17 cases of osteomyelitis of the skull base. Although the total mortality rate is 53%, it is now a curable disease. Six of our last 8 patients remain alive, although 1 is still under treatment. Treatment is medical and requires the long-term concomitant intravenous administration of an aminoglycoside and a broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin effective against the causative organism. PMID- 3485234 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) induces oxidative stress in the rodent. AB - MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) produces an irreversible parkinsonism in primates. Recent evidence suggests metabolism of MPTP to 1-methyl 4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is required for toxicity. We have proposed that MPP+ may play a central role in the toxicity of MPTP, but direct assessment of the effects of MPP+ in brain is difficult. Therefore, we have sought to define the mechanism of peripheral MPP+ toxicity in the rat and mouse. Systemically administered MPP+ produced its major pathology in the lung and was typified by perivascular edema. An increase in plasma glutathione disulfide concentrations also resulted, suggesting that MPP+ in analogy to paraquat produces oxidative stress. In addition, the lethality of MPP+ in the mouse was increased by dietary selenium deficiency. These results define in both pathological and chemical terms the potent systemic toxicity of MPP+ and suggest that MPP+, because of its high concentration in primate brain, has the potential to play an important role in the CNS toxicity of MPTP. PMID- 3485236 TI - Histiocytosis X: a review of the etiology, pathology, staging, and therapy. PMID- 3485235 TI - Natural history of histiocytosis X: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. AB - The best therapy for patients with histiocytosis X with disease involvement other than isolated bone lesions but without organ dysfunction is unclear. This retrospective study was undertaken to define the natural history of this group of patients. In 25 of the 92 studied patients, there was no progression of the disease after diagnosis. In 53 surviving patients, the disease either continuously progressed (40) or recurred intermittently (13). The onset of last disease activity was 24 months or less for 55% of these children. A fatal outcome occurred in 14 children. All of these children developed organ dysfunction and 11/14 died during or before the second year of disease. These three different outcomes could not be predicted from the parameters evaluated; however, the disease that never abated but was continuously active was associated with a suboptimal outcome, and the development of organ dysfunction was a grave prognostic sign. PMID- 3485237 TI - A dynamic quality control phantom for radionuclide cardiology. AB - A three-dimensional dynamic cardiac phantom suitable for quality control of equilibrium gated nuclear cardiographic procedures is described. Its flexible microprocessor based design provides an absolute standard for ejection fraction determination, ventricular volume quantitation, and physiologically gated single photon emission computed tomography. The cost of the phantom is comparable to that of commercially available phantoms suitable for ejection fraction quality control alone. PMID- 3485238 TI - Malignant mesothelioma as a cause of death in Minnesota. A medical-epidemiologic dilemma. PMID- 3485239 TI - Contribution of N-oxygenation to the metabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) by various liver preparations. AB - Liver microsomes from uninduced mice and rats catalyze NADPH- and oxygen dependent N-oxygenation of the neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine). The N-oxide is the principal product and accounts for 95-96% of the total MPTP metabolized by microsomes. Demethylation of MPTP is detectable but the rate of nor-MPTP formation was never more than 4-6% of the rate of N oxygenation. Studies on the biochemical mechanisms for N-oxygenation of MPTP suggest that this reaction is catalyzed exclusively by the flavin-containing monooxygenase. This conclusion is based on the effects of selective cytochrome P 450 inhibitors, positive effectors, and alternate substrates for the flavin containing monooxygenase as well as on studies with the purified hog liver enzyme. MPTP is an excellent substrate for this monooxygenase with a Km of 30-33 microM. Limited studies with human liver whole homogenates suggest that N oxygenation is also a major route for the metabolism of MPTP in man and the rate of N-oxide formation is approximately equal to the rate of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase-dependent MPDP+ (1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species) production. PMID- 3485240 TI - [Sudden infant death syndrome in Hamburg. An epidemiologic analysis of 62 cases]. AB - During a two years period (1978/79) all 62 victims of sudden and unexplained death in Hamburg have been analysed retrospectively. For statistical analysis a control group of 297 healthy life births was used. The overall incidence of SIDS amounted to 2.4 per 1,000 life births. In the VLBW children the figure raised up to 9.1%. SGA children were highly overrepresented. Amongst Turkish mothers there were only two cases (3.2%) significantly less than with other groups. (9.1% of all life births in 1979 were Turkish). An ethnological factor can be discussed. In the lowest social class more SIDS cases were encountered. The analysis of the circumstances around death confirmed previous results. A consecutive and longitudinal analysis of SIDS cases seems mandatory for evaluating the effect of preventive methods. PMID- 3485241 TI - Thyroid autoimmune disease. PMID- 3485242 TI - Genetics of endocrine autoimmunity: animal models. PMID- 3485243 TI - Genetic predisposition to thyroid autoimmune disease: introduction. PMID- 3485244 TI - Family studies in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3485245 TI - In vitro studies of human thyroid autoantibody synthesis. PMID- 3485247 TI - Use of mouse and human monoclonal antibodies to investigate the immunologic basis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 3485248 TI - Risk of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Previous reports have suggested an association between homozygous alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. To assess the risk of these complications we conducted a retrospective study based on 17 autopsied cases of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency identified during the period 1963 to 1982 in the city of Malmo, Sweden. During the study period, autopsies were performed in 38,250, or 68.2 percent, of all patients in the city who died. From the homozygote frequency in the population, 21 of these were expected to have alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. The disease had been diagnosed in 20, and autopsies had been performed in 17 (1 child and 16 adults). Each autopsied case was matched with four controls selected from the same autopsy register, and the Mantel Haenszel odds ratio (ORmh) was calculated. The results indicated a strong relation between alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and cirrhosis (ORmh = 7.8; 95 percent confidence limits, 2.4 to 24.7) and primary liver cancer (ORmh = 20; 95 percent confidence limits, 3.5 to 114.3). When data were stratified according to sex, these associations were statistically significant only for male patients. We conclude that men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency may be at higher risk for cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The apparent male predominance suggests the additive effects of exogenous factors. PMID- 3485249 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and emphysema caused by homozygous inheritance of non-expressing alpha 1-antitrypsin genes. PMID- 3485246 TI - In vitro T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in murine autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 3485250 TI - Unraveling the mysteries of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 3485251 TI - Visual and auditory neurotoxicity in patients receiving subcutaneous deferoxamine infusions. AB - Of 89 patients receiving nightly subcutaneous deferoxamine for transfusion dependent thalassemia major or Diamond-Blackfan anemia, 13 presented with visual loss or deafness of acute onset or both. Detailed ophthalmologic, audiologic, and evoked-potential studies uncovered abnormalities caused by neurotoxicity in 27 more. Four patients with visual loss had optic neuropathy, with a marked decrease in acuity, loss of color vision, and delayed visual evoked potentials. Five asymptomatic patients had changes in the pigment of the retinal epithelium. The hearing loss was characterized by a high-frequency sensorineural deficit, which necessitated hearing aids in six patients. When deferoxamine was stopped, recovery of vision was complete in 2 patients and partial in 2, and in 22 patients with abnormal audiograms, reversal of the hearing deficit was complete in 4 and partial in 1. An analysis of the clinical data showed that members of the affected group were younger, had lower serum ferritin values, and were self administering higher doses of deferoxamine per kilogram of body weight. Significantly lower doses of deferoxamine were being taken by patients without abnormalities than by those with visual symptoms, abnormal audiograms, or prolonged evoked potentials (P less than 0.001, less than 0.006, and less than 0.04, respectively). The data implicate high-dose deferoxamine as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the neurotoxicity. We strongly recommend careful regulation of the deferoxamine dosage and serial audiovisual monitoring in all patients receiving the drug. PMID- 3485253 TI - Seeing the way to B-cell growth. PMID- 3485254 TI - Is the T-cell receptor involved in T-cell killing? AB - It is known that when two populations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are mixed in conditions where antigen recognition can occur in only one direction, killing also proceeds only in the same direction. These data suggest that occupancy of the T-cell receptor (TCR) is required for the expression of the lytic function by effector CTL, but do not establish whether the TCR itself has a role in the killing process. In particular, it is not clear whether the TCR is involved in the actual delivery of the lethal hit to the target cell (either being itself part of the lytic machinery or directing it), or whether TCR occupancy only serves the function of triggering a set of lytic reactions which are themselves nonspecific and not directed by the TCR. The use of mitogenic lectins or mitogenic antibodies, which bypass specific recognition and induce nonspecific killing, also does not help to clarify this issue, since a necessary characteristic of these ligands is that they bind to the TCR complex or to other 'triggering' molecules and probably bridge these structures to the target cell. The present study describes an in vitro system using human T-cell clones which allows us to dissociate the triggering of a CTL from the delivery of the lethal hit, using no externally added ligands. We report that, once triggered by recognition of the specific target, a CTL can kill any other cell that binds to it, indicating that TCR occupancy is required for triggering, but not for the delivery of the lethal hit. PMID- 3485252 TI - Reversibility of cardiac wall-motion abnormalities predicted by positron tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used with nitrogen-13-ammonia (13NH3) to estimate regional myocardial blood flow, and with fluorine-18-deoxyglucose (18FDG) to measure exogenous glucose uptake by the myocardium. We used PET to predict whether preoperative abnormalities in left ventricular wall motion in 17 patients who underwent coronary-artery bypass surgery were reversible. The abnormalities were quantified by radionuclide or contrast angiography or both, before and after grafting. PET images were obtained preoperatively. Abnormal wall motion in regions in which PET images showed preserved glucose uptake was predicted to be reversible, whereas abnormal motion in regions with depressed glucose uptake was predicted to be irreversible. According to these criteria, abnormal contraction in 35 of 41 segments was correctly predicted to be reversible (85 percent predictive accuracy), and abnormal contraction in 4 of 26 regions was correctly predicted to be irreversible (92 percent predictive accuracy). In contrast, electrocardiograms showing pathological Q waves in the region of asynergy predicted irreversibility in only 43 percent of regions. We conclude that PET imaging with 13NH3 to assess blood flow and 18FDG to assess the metabolic viability of the myocardium is an accurate method of predicting potential reversibility of wall-motion abnormalities after surgical revascularization. PMID- 3485256 TI - [Intramural hematomas of the small intestine during use of oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 3485255 TI - Antigen binding and T cells. PMID- 3485257 TI - [Heart valve replacement in patients 70 years and older]. PMID- 3485258 TI - [The treatment of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 3485259 TI - Can systemic Hemophilus influenza-type B infections be prevented in children? PMID- 3485260 TI - Systemic Hemophilus influenza infections in central Nebraska--how useful will the new vaccine be? PMID- 3485261 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and associated second malignancy. PMID- 3485262 TI - [Autoimmune antibody in moyamoya disease]. AB - The association of autoimmune antibody and HLA antibody has been documented concerning the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease. In this paper, we study the autoimmune antibody in moyamoya disease and discuss its relationship with the pathogenesis. Autoimmune antibody was evaluated in 13 cases of moyamoya disease. The age distribution of the patients ranged from 13 to 55, with an average of 37 years. Eight were females, 5 males. Autoantibody was studied with native DNA (double strand DNA) and ANA (antinuclear antibody). Antibody was noted in 3 cases (23%) in native DNA study, and 2 cases (15%) in ANA study. Significantly high incidence was recognized compared with normal control (4%). In relation to the clinical features, such as initial symptoms, time of onset, neurological findings, no significant correlation was recognized. This study suggests that immunological factors might play a partial role in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease. PMID- 3485263 TI - [Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte and monocyte levels in patients after operations for breast cancer]. AB - The much less than Quantigen T and B Cell Assay much greater than method is used to evaluate T and B lymphocyte levels, Nuls Cells and monocytes in the peripheral venous blood of patients surgically treated for breast cancer. The results obtained show a change in immune competent cell levels and temporary immune restoration of the immune response during treatment with immunostimulators. PMID- 3485264 TI - [Psychalgia in rheumatology. Methods of approach and intervention]. AB - The observation of several cases triggers a review of psychological pain in rheumatology. Such situations require a thorough grounding on the part of the rheumatologist who must work with the psychiatrist and clinical psychologist in the treatment of such patients. The importance of teamwork and the need for clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in rheumatology wards is emphasised and the approach and treatment techniques to be adopted for patients suffering from so-called psychological pain are outlined. Essentially, the first (approach) stage involving several phases will be followed by a second stage to be evaluated by the team in an attempt to provide the patient with the most appropriate treatment. PMID- 3485265 TI - [Ceftriaxone in the therapy of infections of the lower respiratory tract: comparison with cefotaxime]. AB - 20 patients suffering from severe lower respiratory tract infections were included in the study. 10 patients were given ceftriaxone (1-2 g/day) and the other 10 cefotaxime (2-4 g/day) for a week. The results of microbiological findings and both local and systemic tolerance were found to be similar for both drugs. This indicates that 7-14 g of ceftriaxone and 14-28 g of cefotaxime are equivalent quantities in the treatment of severe respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3485266 TI - Depletion of glutathione in brainstem of mice caused by N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine is prevented by antioxidant pretreatment. AB - C57 black mice showed significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) content in the brainstem 24 h after a single s.c. injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 40 mg/kg. This loss of GSH could be prevented by pretreating animals with large amounts of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene. Increasing dopamine turnover of nigrostriatal neurons in mice by dietary administration of L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine and carbidopa did not accentuate the neurotoxic effects of MPTP. It seems likely that MPTP metabolites directly damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and that GSH is consumed in attempts to detoxify these metabolites in the substantia nigra. PMID- 3485267 TI - Neural mechanisms mediating 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in the monkey: relative contributions of the striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways as suggested by 2-deoxyglucose uptake. AB - The neural mechanisms which mediate parkinsonian symptoms have been investigated in the monkey by application of the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) metabolic mapping technique to animals rendered parkinsonian by systemic administration of 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The results show that 2-DG uptake was dramatically increased in the globus pallidus, but not the substantia nigra pars reticulata, in parkinsonian monkeys compared to controls. This observation has been interpreted as indicating increased synaptic activity in the putaminopallidal, but not the caudatonigral, pathway which suggests a relatively greater involvement of the putaminopallidal pathway in relation to the motor manifestations of parkinsonism. PMID- 3485269 TI - Aztreonam: an appraisal. PMID- 3485268 TI - Neural analysis of temporally patterned sounds in the frog's thalamus: processing of pulse duration and pulse repetition rate. AB - We conducted a single unit study of auditory neurons in the central thalamic nucleus of the northern leopard frog. These cells, unlike those of the posterior thalamic nucleus (J. Comp. Physiol., 150 (1983) 333-344), were broadly tuned and sensitive to one or more temporal features (pulse duration and repetition rate) of complex sound signals. When compared with previous studies, these results suggest that temporal and spectral information may be processed separately by distinct populations of neurons within the frog's thalamus. PMID- 3485270 TI - Neonatal Hemophilus influenzae sepsis. PMID- 3485271 TI - Junctional complexes of the in vitro developed inner ear. A freeze fracture study. AB - The freeze fracture technique was used to study intercellular junctions of inner ear anlages developed in vitro. The 16th gestational day inner ear from the CBA/CBA mouse was cultured for 5 days whereafter the specimens were analyzed. Inner ears developed in vivo were used as controls. A considerable variation in the maturation of the tight junctional complexes occurred in both the vestibular and cochlear parts of the labyrinth. The sequential maturation of tight junctions and gap junctions showed the same structural features in the in vivo and the in vitro developed inner ears, although it seemed that the in vivo developed inner ears showed a slightly more overall mature morphology of tight junctions. PMID- 3485272 TI - [Interstitial diseases of the lung]. PMID- 3485273 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulins in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3485274 TI - [The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric leiomyoma]. PMID- 3485275 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in an Amish population: studies of the effects of genetic factors, immunization, and rifampin prophylaxis on the course of an outbreak. AB - In 1982, an outbreak of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease occurred in a 379 member Amish community. In an attempt to control the outbreak after the occurrence of the second case of disease, we investigated the combination of (1) rifampin chemoprophylaxis of all carriers of H influenzae type b and their household contacts from 1 month to 5 years of age and (2) H influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine immunoprophylaxis of all community members 12 months of age and older. Despite our intervention, two additional cases of bacteremic H influenzae type b disease occurred in the ensuing 5 months, one in a 22-month-old infant who had been immunized at 19 months of age and the other in a child who had not been immunized because she was younger than 12 months of age. The outbreak ended following rifampin prophylaxis of all community members younger than 15 years of age. All of the children with disease were genetically related to one another, and three of the four were inbred. However, analysis of their coancestry revealed that neither the average level of kinship nor the average inbreeding level of the affected children differed significantly from those of the other children in the community. Furthermore, none of the four children with disease shared a human leukocyte antigen haplotype. Our observations suggest that inbreeding was not a risk factor in this community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485276 TI - [Immunity of infants under 1 year of age having had hemolytic disease of newborn]. PMID- 3485277 TI - [Clinical significance of the indicators of reactivity in children with frequent respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3485279 TI - The treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis infection in general practice. PMID- 3485278 TI - Nasal septal abscess caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B. PMID- 3485280 TI - [The high autopsy rate in Austria and its causes]. PMID- 3485282 TI - Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects. AB - Coupling between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) was studied using multiple sequential administrations of 15O-labeled radiotracers (half-life, 123 sec) and positron emission tomography. In the resting state an excellent correlation (mean r, 0.87) between CBF and CMRO2 was found when paired measurements of CBF and CMRO2 from multiple (30-48) brain regions were tested in each of 33 normal subjects. Regional uncoupling of CBF and CMRO2 was found, however, during neuronal activation induced by somatosensory stimulation. Stimulus-induced focal augmentation of cerebral blood flow (29% mean) far exceeded the concomitant local increase in tissue metabolic rate (mean, 5%), when resting-state and stimulated-state measurements were obtained in each of 9 subjects. Stimulus duration had no significant effect on response magnitude or on the degree of CBF-CMRO2 uncoupling observed. Dynamic, physiological regulation of CBF by a mechanism (neuronal or biochemical) dependent on neuronal firing per se, but independent of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, is hypothesized. PMID- 3485281 TI - [Changes in the immune system indices of diabetes mellitus patients]. AB - A decrease in the amount of T-lymphocytes and the total amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood occurs in diabetes mellitus patients with hyperglycemia over 150 mg%; a decrease in the amount of T-active lymphocytes occurs but in 350 mg% and upwards. A decrease in the amount of B-lymphocytes is noted in hyperglycemia over 200 mg%. The reaction of blast-cell transformation is sharply suppressed in a grave form of diabetes mellitus whereas in moderately grave conditions its decrease is less noticeable. It is assumed that disorder of cellular immunity can be one of the factors contributing to the development of pyoseptic diseases in diabetes mellitus patients. PMID- 3485283 TI - Plasma membrane calcium fluxes in intact rods are inconsistent with the "calcium hypothesis". AB - The temporal relationship between the extracellular rod photovoltage and light induced net Ca fluxes across the rod plasma membrane is investigated. The net Ca flux measurements are derived from extracellular Ca concentration measurements at the receptor surface of the isolated bullfrog retina. As reported previously, illumination leads to a net Ca efflux, which is followed by a net influx, during which the released Ca is taken back up. However, the net Ca flux has two characteristics that are inconsistent with the hypothesis that intracellular free Ca is the intracellular messenger for phototransduction in rods. First, during maintained photovoltage saturation, the net Ca efflux is transient, declining with a stereotypic time course that is independent of stimulus intensity and duration. Second, the significant rate of net influx during Ca uptake has no correlate in the photovoltage waveform. These observations are not consistent with the "Ca hypothesis." Rather, these data corroborate recent findings suggesting that light causes a decrease rather than an increase in intracellular free Ca concentration. PMID- 3485284 TI - Heat shock causes destabilization of specific mRNAs and destruction of endoplasmic reticulum in barley aleurone cells. AB - In response to a phytohormone, gibberellic acid, the aleurone layers of barley seeds synthesize and secrete alpha-amylases, which are coded by a set of stable mRNAs. When aleurone layers are subjected to heat shock treatment, the synthesis of alpha-amylase is suppressed while heat shock proteins are induced. The suppression of alpha-amylase synthesis is not the result of translational control as reported in several other systems. Rather, the sequences of alpha-amylase mRNA are rapidly degraded during heat shock as shown by in vitro translation and dot blot hybridization with a cDNA probe. Upon recovery from heat shock, the tissue resumes the synthesis of alpha-amylase in 2-4 hr. However, in the presence of a transcription inhibitor, cordycepin, the resumption of synthesis of alpha-amylase does not take place, indicating that new transcription of alpha-amylase genes is necessary for this recovery process. The degradation of alpha-amylase mRNAs correlates with the rapid destruction of endoplasmic reticulum as observed by electron microscopy, a phenomenon that has not been reported previously as a heat shock response. Since alpha-amylase mRNA is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum via membrane-bound polyribosomes, we suggest that the destruction of the endoplasmic reticulum during heat shock causes the destabilization and the eventual degradation of alpha-amylase mRNA. PMID- 3485285 TI - The genome of frog erythrocytes displays centuplicate replications. AB - Seven nuclear lines derived from erythrocyte nuclei of Rana pipiens were produced by serial nuclear transplantation into oocytes and eggs. Even at the termination of the experiments, embryos and tadpoles developed in the eighth transplant generations. Thus, there was no evidence that the mitotic progeny of the erythrocyte nuclei lost their ability to replicate their genomes and continue cell cycling. We conclude that the genome of noncycling and terminally differentiated erythrocytes maintains its potential for widespread replication and extensive reversal of gene function in excess of a hundred (centuplicate) cell cycles. PMID- 3485286 TI - Complete sequence of HLA-B27 cDNA identified through the characterization of structural markers unique to the HLA-A, -B, and -C allelic series. AB - Antigen HLA-B27 is a high-risk genetic factor with respect to a group of rheumatoid disorders, especially ankylosing spondylitis. A cDNA library was constructed from an autozygous B-cell line expressing HLA-B27, HLA-Cw1, and the previously cloned HLA-A2 antigen. Clones detected with an HLA probe were isolated and sorted into homology groups by differential hybridization and restriction maps. Nucleotide sequencing allowed the unambiguous assignment of cDNAs to HLA-A, -B, and -C loci. The HLA-B27 mRNA has the structural features and the codon variability typical of an HLA class I transcript but it specifies two uncommon amino acid replacements: a cysteine in position 67 and a serine in position 131. The latter substitution may have functional consequences, because it occurs in a conserved region and at a position invariably occupied by a species-specific arginine in humans and lysine in mice. The availability of the complete sequence of HLA-B27 and of the partial sequence of HLA-Cw1 allows the recognition of locus specific sequence markers, particularly, but not exclusively, in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. PMID- 3485287 TI - Cloning of two genes that are specifically expressed in activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The intracellular events leading to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activation and the molecular mechanism of target-cell lysis remain largely unknown. Differential hybridization analysis of a library constructed from a cloned CTL line was used to identify sequences specifically expressed in CTL. Two clones were selected for extensive analysis. No evidence for expression of their mRNAs was found in helper T-cell lines, thymocytes, lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells, interferon treated natural killer cells, and a number of nonlymphoid cells. Blot hybridization analysis of CTL mRNA revealed that one clone detected a single 900 nucleotide mRNA, whereas the other hybridized to two mRNAs of 900 and 1200 nucleotides, respectively. The maximum expression of these mRNAs precedes the peak of cytotoxicity in an in vitro allogeneic or mitogen-induced cytotoxic response by 24 hr; thus, they both fulfill the primary prerequisite for genes encoding proteins that are important in either CTL activation or in the lytic process itself. PMID- 3485288 TI - Four virally determined nuclear antigens are expressed in Epstein-Barr virus transformed cells. AB - The expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-determined antigens associated with growth-transformation of B cells was studied by immunoblotting with human sera from healthy donors. Four antigens were detected in EBV-carrying cell lines and in B lymphocytes early after infection with the transforming B95-8 substrain of virus. They were not found in uninfected cells, nor could they be demonstrated with sera lacking antibodies to EBV antigens. All four antigens were nuclear. Each of them varied in size in the different cell lines. The two antigens with the lowest molecular weight were identified as EBV-determined nuclear antigens (EBNAs) 1 and 2. The two high molecular weight antigens (140-160 kDa and 150-180 kDa, respectively) were detected with 6 of 16 EBV antibody-positive sera. These proteins appeared to be antigenically unrelated to each other and to EBNAs 1 and 2 and were designated EBNAs 3 and 4. Like EBNAs 1 and 2, they bound to double- and single-stranded DNA in vitro. PMID- 3485289 TI - Short-circuiting the visual cycle with retinotoxic aromatic amines. AB - The retinotoxic drug 1,5-di-(p-aminophenoxy)pentane inhibits the accumulation of all 11-cis-retinoids in the eye and can deplete preformed stores of them. It is shown here that these effects are not specific to 1,5-di-(p-aminophenoxy)pentane but are shared generally by primary aromatic amines containing a hydrophobic tail. Furthermore, certain clinically used drugs, such as the anti-inflammatory drug phenacetin, can be metabolized to produce these retinotoxic amines. It is likely that hydrophobic aromatic amines will in general be retinotoxic, and drugs based on these structures need to be reassessed in this light. It is proposed here that these amines function by catalyzing the isomerization of 11-cis-retinal thermodynamically downhill to form its all-trans congener. This mechanism accounts for the lack of structural specificity observed with these compounds and is supported by experimental evidence presented here. Schiff bases formed between 11-cis-retinal and a relevant aromatic amine in phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes lead to the formation of the all-trans isomer, at rates approximately equal to 15 times faster than the rate of 11-cis-retinal isomerization by itself in these liposomes and 10(2)-10(3) times faster than the rate of isomerization of this molecule in n-heptane. The rates of the amine-catalyzed isomerization are fast enough to account for their in vivo effect. PMID- 3485290 TI - Somatic evolution of variable region structures during an immune response. AB - Immunization of strain A mice with p-azophenylarsonate-conjugated protein stimulates B cells that synthesize anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies. A large fraction of these cells produce antibodies with variable (V) regions encoded by a single heavy chain V gene segment together with multiple combinations of diversity, heavy chain joining, light chain variable, and light chain joining gene segments. Early in the immune response, these V regions are not somatically mutated. One of these V regions is initially expressed by only a minority of the responding B cells but binds p-azophenylarsonate with the highest affinity. After a secondary immunization, B cells synthesizing mutated derivatives of this single V region dominate the response and bind p-azophenylarsonate with even higher affinity than does the unmutated V region. These results suggest that antigen directs both the expression of the immune repertoire and the amplification of V region diversity by a sequential process of clonal selection of B cells expressing receptor antibodies encoded by unmutated V genes, induction of mutation in the V genes expressed by the selected cells, and reselection of B cells expressing antibodies with mutated V regions of higher affinity. PMID- 3485291 TI - Further evidence that central neurotensin inhibits pituitary prolactin secretion by stimulating dopamine release from the hypothalamus. AB - Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of neurotensin (NT) (2 micrograms/rat) suppressed prolactin (PRL) release induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (1 mg/100 g body wt, iv), prostaglandin E2(1 microgram/rat, icv), and FK33-824 (10 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv), a Met5-enkephalin analog, in urethane-anesthetized or conscious rats. In contrast, NT did not suppress elevated plasma PRL levels sustained by a large dose of domperidone (10 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv), a peripheral dopamine antagonist. In in vitro experiments, NT (10(-5) M) stimulated dopamine release from perifused rat hypothalamic fragments. These results suggest that central NT inhibits PRL secretion by stimulating dopamine release from the hypothalamus into hypophysical portal blood in the rat. PMID- 3485292 TI - A new metabolic labelling medium for Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus using 35S methionine. AB - A metabolic labelling medium was devised for Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus utilizing 35S methionine. T. vaginalis cultured for 24h in the medium took up approximately 27% of the available label and increased greater than two fold in number. Counts per microgram of protein were 32,555 +/- 10% between different strains or identical strains in different labelling runs. T. foetus took up approximately 5% of the available label and increased greater than two fold in 24h. This resulted in specific labelling of 12,704 cpm/ug protein +/- 10% between different runs with the same strain. PMID- 3485294 TI - Androgens are specifically implicated in female rat sexual motivation. The influence of methyltrienelone (R1881) on sexual orientation. AB - The present experiment was designed to investigate whether androgens are specifically involved in the induction of a male-directed orientation in adult female rats. Ovariectomized female rats were either treated with the non aromatizable androgen methyltrienelone (R1881), with testosterone propionate (TP), with estradiol benzoate (EB) or with an equal volume of the solvent. Sexual orientation of these females towards either sexually active males or estrous females was then investigated and related to levels of receptive and mounting behavior. Compared to the solvent-treated females, females treated with R1881, TP or EB spent more time near sexually active males. Mounting behavior was stimulated in the R1881- and TP-treated females, but EB-treated females mounted as often as females treated with the solvent only. Lordosis behavior was only observed in TP-treated or EB-treated females. Mount frequency of the females of the different treatment groups was positively correlated with time spent near males. These correlations reached statistical significance in the TP-treated and EB-treated females. In the TP-treated females, the lordosis quotient was negatively correlated with time spent near males. The results of the present experiment suggest that androgens need not be converted into estrogens in order to facilitate a male-directed orientation in ovariectomized female rats. PMID- 3485295 TI - Dielectric properties of human B and T lymphocytes at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz. AB - Dielectric properties of the human B and T lymphocytes were measured. The experiments were performed at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz for different cell concentrations at 24 and 37 degrees C. An end of the line capacitive sensor and a computer-controlled automatic network analyser were utilised. Cole-Cole dielectric parameters were determined by curve fitting using a computer program. Specific membrane capacitances (Cm) were calculated from the experimental data (assuming a membrane charging mechanism) to be 0.77 and 2.89 microF cm-2 for the T and B lymphocytes, respectively. The fitted relaxation time is located in the centre of the calculated relaxation time distribution spectrum for the B lymphocytes, while it is shifted towards higher values of the relaxation time equivalent to the larger cells for the T lymphocytes. The distribution of the relaxation times was estimated on the basis of the Maxwell-Wagner dispersion reflecting membrane-charging processes. PMID- 3485293 TI - Fluoxetine enantiomers as antagonists of p-chloroamphetamine effects in rats. AB - The dextrorotatory enantiomer of fluoxetine was slightly more potent than the levorotatory enantiomer in antagonizing the depletion of brain serotonin by p chloroamphetamine in rats. The time course of the depletion of brain serotonin at times out to 24 hr after the injection of p-chloroamphetamine was determined with or without simultaneous administration of one of the fluoxetine enantiomers. The dextrorotatory enantiomer prevented the depletion of brain serotonin at any time after p-chloroamphetamine. The levorotatory enantiomer prevented the initial depletion of brain serotonin at 2 and 4 hr, but by 8 hr brain serotonin concentration was decreased and by 24 hr the depletion of serotonin was almost as great as in rats treated with p-chloroamphetamine alone. The elevation of serum corticosterone that occurred acutely after injection of a low dose of p chloroamphetamine was significantly antagonized by both enantiomers of fluoxetine, the dextrorotatory enantiomer being slightly more potent. In contrast, the lowering of DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) concentration in rat brain by p-chloroamphetamine was not antagonized by either enantiomer of fluoxetine, indicating this effect is not secondary to serotonin release by p chloroamphetamine. The results are consistent with other evidence that both enantiomers of fluoxetine are potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake, the dextrorotatory enantiomer being longer-acting than the levorotatory enantiomer in rats. PMID- 3485296 TI - Quantitative CT measurements: the effect of scatter acceptance and filter characteristics on the EMI 7070. AB - Non-linearities in projection values on computed tomography (CT) scanners cause corresponding errors in derived Hounsfield unit attenuation measurements. Existing commercial machines have been refined for clinical usefulness but not necessarily for quantitative accuracy. In this report the results of measurements on the EMI 7070 fourth-generation scanner are presented and compared with theory with particular attention being paid to the scatter artefact and fan-beam energy profile. It is concluded that, irrespective of any quality assurance protocol, interpatient and interslice errors can be expected to range from 3 to 10% for water-equivalent materials and the intraslice positional dependence of the CT number can vary up to 5% for dense bone-like materials in a uniform phantom. It seems as though the principal cause of this variation is an increase in the effective x-ray energy in the fan beam with increasing distance from the central ray. PMID- 3485297 TI - The Aberdeen Mark II single-photon-emission tomographic scanner: specification and some clinical applications. AB - The construction, operation and physical characteristics of a single-section multi-detector single-photon-emission scanner are described. The machine has 24 detectors arranged along the sides of a square. Movements and data collection are under the control of a series of distributed microprocessors. Both head and trunk tomograms can be produced. The spatial resolution at the collimator focus is 9 mm in the transverse plane, and the effective slice thickness is 14 mm. The volume sensitivity is 300 counts/s kBq ml with a 20 cm diameter cylindrical phantom filled with 99Tcm solution. The application of this machine to the examination of the brain, liver and heart has been found to be clinically useful. PMID- 3485298 TI - The effect of an intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin on the thermopreferendum in the frog (Rana esculenta). AB - In 7 frogs (Rana esculenta) weighing 70 to 180 g, thermopreferendum (Thp), measured by recording cutaneous temperature (Ts) in the animal placed in the warm end of an aqueous temperature gradient (0 degree C-40 degrees C), equalled 25 +/- 2 degrees C. After an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 20 mg/kg of capsaicin, Thp was significantly decreased and equalled 3 +/- 1 degree C. The frogs then remained in the cold end of the gradient for 60 minutes. When the time of observation was extended to 3 hours, one frog died from hypothermia. Seven to 24 days after the capsaicin injection, Thp was still decreased in 4 surviving frogs (Thp = 15 +/- 2 degrees C). Capsaicin or isotonic saline solution injected in frogs maintained at 25 degrees C ambient temperature had no effect on Ts or on cloacal temperature. According to results previously obtained in homeothermic species, small doses of capsaicin activated heat-loss responses in the frog. PMID- 3485299 TI - Precise intraoperative location of gastrointestinal bleeding with a hand-held counter. Work in progress. AB - The nuclear medicine bleeding scan is frequently insufficient to locate sites of bleeding precisely, in spite of its great sensitivity. A small, hand-held Geiger Muller counter, placed directly on exposed intestine in the operating room, enables precise location of the probable bleeding site. In three patients, the technique allowed a minimal amount of intestine to be resected, distinguished between large- and small-intestinal hemorrhage, and eliminated other foci as sites of bleeding. PMID- 3485300 TI - Changes of volume of trapped gas after bronchodilation in subjects with suspected subclinical emphysema. AB - We studied the volume of trapped gas (VTG), using a nitrogen washout method, before and after bronchodilation in four groups with theoretically increasing risk of developing pulmonary emphysema: (1) nonsmoking healthy controls (PiMn), (2) nonsmoking subjects with an intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZn), (3) smoking subjects with normal concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin, and (4) smoking PiMZ subjects. VTG was the only lung function variable that showed a significant difference between PiMZn and PiMn subjects but only after bronchodilation. Some conventional lung function tests also distinguished smokers from nonsmokers of both genotypes but VTG was the most sensitive test. VTG decreased after salbutamol inhalation in the control group but showed a consecutively larger increase with more risk factors of developing emphysema. An increase in VTG after bronchodilation may be a sign of alveolar abnormality preceding development of clinical lung emphysema. PMID- 3485302 TI - Acute radiologic intervention in gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A case of embolization of the gastroduodenal artery in a 38-year old man with chronic pancreatitis and uncontrollable bleeding is presented. The advantage of this interventional radiologic procedure is discussed and in selective cases it seems to be the choice of treatment. PMID- 3485301 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. AB - The precise immunopathological mechanism of extrinsic allergic alveolitis explaining the clinical picture as well as the pathological findings is not known. Bronchoalveolar lavage can be a diagnostic help and a method to unravel the pathophysiology of this disease. In the acute stage of extrinsic allergic alveolitis or within 24 h after antigen exposure an increase in the number of neutrophils is seen. After the acute stage, the number of lymphocytes is even higher than in sarcoidosis. In extrinsic allergic alveolitis as well as in sarcoidosis these lymphocytes are mainly T lymphocytes. However, the distribution of OKT 4 and OKT 8 positive lymphocytes was clearly different in both diseases. In sarcoidosis OKT 4 lymphocytes predominate (OKT 4/8 = 7.8) while in extrinsic allergic alveolitis an increase of both OKT 4 and OKT 8 lymphocytes has been found (OKT 4/8 = 1.5). Whether a type III Arthus reaction or a type IV delayed hypersensitivity with an early component is involved, is discussed. PMID- 3485303 TI - Inhibition of proliferation of human leukaemic cell populations by deferoxamine. AB - Deferoxamine is a hydroxylamine which binds ferric ions to form a highly stable complex. Since iron is thought to be required at a critical stage for cell proliferation, we investigated the effect of deferoxamine on the proliferative activity of human leukaemic cell populations in vitro by means of 3 permanent cell lines, HL60, U937 and 8402. We found deferoxamine to be a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis and proliferation of leukaemic cells, acting by accumulating treated cells at the early S phase of the cell cycle. Suppression of leukaemic proliferation was obtained at deferoxamine concentrations in the range usually achieved in the treatment of patients for iron overload. Deferoxamine might therefore warrant further investigation as a potentially useful agent for leukaemia chemotherapy. PMID- 3485304 TI - Host-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in long-lived fully allogeneic mouse bone marrow chimeras. AB - Fully H-2-incompatible chimeric mice were constructed by grafting lethally (950 rad) irradiated germ-free (GF) CBA (H2k) mice with anti-Thy 1 antibody plus complement-treated allogeneic C57Bl/6 (B6) (H2b) bone marrow cells. These chimeric mice were kept for more than 11 months, either under GF conditions or under barrier-sustained specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Controls included nonirradiated, nontransplanted, sex- and age-matched CBA and B6 mice raised under SPF conditions, and syngeneic chimeric mice of the CBA----CBA type kept under GF and SPF conditions. All chimeric mice were completely repopulated with donor-type lymphoid cells and showed no clinical or histological evidence of graft-versus-host disease. From the fully allogeneic chimeric mice, we enumerated the numbers of splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-p) that could be clonally expanded under limiting dilution conditions in response to third-party alloantigens, or nonmodified and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified stimulator cells bearing host or donor H-2 antigens. The existence of high numbers of alloreactive and host- or donor-type H-2-restricted TNP-specific CTL-p in the spleens of fully allogeneic chimeras indicated almost normal immunocompetence. The surprising finding, however, was that large numbers of host (CBA)-reactive splenic CTL-p were inducible under limiting dilution conditions in healthy long-lived allogeneic chimeras, although these chimeric mice were devoid of any histological or clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 3485305 TI - Studies of monoclonal antibodies specific for major histocompatibility complex products of the rat. IV. Production and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Polyclonal syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic and monoclonal syngeneic anti anti-idiotypic antibodies have been produced against previously described monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies with specificity for monoclonal RT1 alloantigen-specific antibodies. The anti-anti-idiotypes could again be shown to be highly specific for the monoclonal anti-idiotype used for the induction of the anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies and to carry the same, or a very similar, idiotype as the original monoclonal idiotypic antibody used to induce the monoclonal anti idiotypic. Among the 30 syngeneic and allogeneic and the five xenogeneic polyclonal anti-anti-idiotypic antisera and the three monoclonal anti-anti idiotypes, only one polyclonal antiserum showed binding capacity to the corresponding RT1-encoded antigenic determinants on spleen cells. All the other antibodies were idiotypic but not antigen binding. PMID- 3485306 TI - [The stunned myocardium: ischemia-induced reversible myocardial dysfunction]. AB - The "stunned" myocardium is the result of an ischemic insult which is not of sufficient severity to produce myocardial necrosis but affects myocardial function, biochemical processes and ultrastructure for a prolonged period of time. A "stunned" myocardium can be expected when preoperative asynergic wall motion is normalized after successful coronary bypass surgery under similar loading conditions. Forty-five patients (mean age 51 years) underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization before and 9.5 months after successful bypass surgery. Patients with perioperative myocardial infarction and/or occluded vein grafts were excluded from the study. Preoperatively 17 of the 45 patients had a reduced systolic ejection fraction. These patients were further divided into the following two groups: group 1 consisted of 6 patients without or with only a small increase in regional ejection fraction (6 regions of the left ventricle in the right anterior oblique projection) after surgery (control group), and group 2 of 11 patients with a postoperative increase in preoperatively reduced regional ejection fraction (preoperatively "stunned" myocardium). In regard to duration of symptoms, functional classification (NYHA), number of myocardial infarctions, unstable angina pectoris and physical working capacity on the bicycle ergometer, there were no significant differences between the two groups. A mean 2.8 and 3.6 vein grafts (ns) were implanted in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Postoperatively, NYHA class decreased significantly and physical working capacity increased in both groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic and peak systolic pressure remained unchanged after surgery; left ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged in group 1 (49 vs. 51%, ns) but increased significantly in group 2 (38 vs. 50%, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485307 TI - [Cushing's syndrome 1985: current views and possibilities]. AB - According to the current view a semiautonomously ACTH-producing pituitary microadenoma is the true cause of pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome in most instances. Only exceptionally does the disease seem to be caused by a functional pituitary or hypothalamic disturbance of cortisol regulation. A newly discovered rare etiology is ectopic production of CRF. Cushing's syndrome is still most reliably diagnosed by abnormal adrenocortical function tests based on corticosteroid determinations. However, determination of plasma ACTH concentrations and computer-assisted tomography of the pituitary or adrenal glands have become useful tools in differentiating the various forms of Cushing's syndrome. Although a considerable number of available drugs provide effective chemotherapy for Cushing's syndrome, surgical elimination of ACTH-producing or cortisol-producing tumors is still the therapy of choice in most cases. PMID- 3485308 TI - How killer cells kill their targets. PMID- 3485310 TI - Molecular genetics of inherited variation in human color vision. AB - The hypothesis that red-green "color blindness" is caused by alterations in the genes encoding red and green visual pigments has been tested and shown to be correct. Genomic DNA's from 25 males with various red-green color vision deficiencies were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with the cloned red and green pigment genes as probes. The observed genotypes appear to result from unequal recombination or gene conversion (or both). Together with chromosome mapping experiments, these data identify each of the cloned human visual pigment genes. PMID- 3485309 TI - Vasoconstriction: a new activity for platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The potential role of PDGF in the altered vasoreactivity of atherosclerotic vessels has been studied through an examination of its effects on contractility in the rat aorta. PDGF caused a concentration-dependent contraction of aortic strips and was significantly more potent on a molar basis than the classic vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II. Furthermore, PDGF increased the cytosolic free calcium concentration in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. These observations suggest a new biological activity for PDGF that may contribute to the enhanced vasoreactivity of certain atherosclerotic vessels. PMID- 3485311 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in older patients: psychiatric morbidity. AB - Coronary artery bypass grafting in older patients usually results in a favorable surgical outcome. To assess whether age confers greater risk for postoperative psychiatric symptoms in these patients, we retrospectively examined 58 cases (mean age 62.5 years) comparing pertinent clinical features of the index patients to matched controls (mean age 51.7 years). Analysis of the data, including scores on preoperative and postoperative scales measuring anxiety, depression, and cognitive function, showed a statistically significant difference in the cognitive performance of the elderly as shown by lower scores on the Mini Mental State examination (chi-square, P less than .025). Our findings support future efforts to address the clinical relevance of cognitive dysfunction in older coronary bypass patients. PMID- 3485312 TI - [The effect of anesthesia and cardiosurgical procedures with extracorporeal circulation on the T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in children]. PMID- 3485313 TI - Inherited disorders in the black population of southern Africa. Part I. Historical and demographic background; genetic haematological conditions. AB - Genetic, geographic and socio-economic diversity has resulted in disparity in the relative prevalence of many inherited disorders and congenital conditions in the populations of southern Africa. In the first section of a 3-part article an account is given of the historical and demographic background in relation to factors which influence the presence and frequency of faulty genes in the black community. In addition, inherited haematological conditions--in particular haemoglobinopathies, red-cell enzyme and membrane defects--are discussed in terms of their clinical, genetic and anthropological significance. The conditions transmitted by simple genetic mechanisms are documented in Part II, with discussion of those notable for their unusually high or low prevalence. In the final section multifactorial, chromosomal and non-genetic congenital disorders are reviewed and a number of unusual conditions of obscure aetiology are mentioned. In this 3-part overview an attempt has been made to document present knowledge and to provide a bibliography for inherited and congenital disorders in the black population. PMID- 3485314 TI - In-hospital mortality of surgical patients: is there an empiric basis for standard setting? AB - Several public and private groups have set minimum procedure-specific volume standards. Such standards reflect concerns about hospital quality and cost. In hospital mortality rates are often taken as one measure of quality. To learn about variations in in-hospital mortality rates, we analyzed data on patients who underwent any of seven surgical procedures from a national cohort of 521 hospitals observed continuously between 1972 and 1981. On the average, mortality rates fell as the number of procedures performed annually at the hospital rose. Volumes at which mortality rates reached minimum levels were far higher than actual volumes achieved by the vast majority of hospitals. However, knowledge of hospital volumes left the major part of variation among hospitals' procedure specific mortality rates unexplained. Many hospitals with low volumes of certain procedures had no associated deaths. Hospitals experienced appreciable year-to year variation in mortality even though mortality rates fell with the number of years the procedure was performed at the hospital. Correlations among mortality rates for the procedures were low, suggesting that variation in rates is procedure rather than hospital specific. State rate-setting programs had no effect on mortality rates associated with the procedures analyzed. For several reasons, we conclude that an adequate statistical basis for setting minimum volume standards does not presently exist. PMID- 3485315 TI - [Adverse effects in trimethoprim therapy]. PMID- 3485316 TI - [Pethidine and parkinsonism. 1-Metyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydroxypyridine, a new neurotoxin]. PMID- 3485318 TI - Reconstitution of hematopoiesis after bone marrow purging with ricin A chain immunotoxin. AB - Bone marrow cells from healthy individuals were treated with an antihuman T cell immunotoxin (IT101). The treated marrow cells were cultured for multilineage hematopoietic colonies (CFU-GEMMT) containing various myeloid cell lineages and T lymphocytes, erythroid colonies (BFU-E), and granulocytic colonies (CFU-C). Optimal conditions were defined for the elimination of clonogenic human T leukemic cells artificially admixed with bone marrow cells. Marrow purging with IT101 led to the restoration of hematopoietic colony formation which was abolished in the presence of T leukemic cells. Mixed colonies grown from bone marrow treated with IT101 contained cells that reacted with monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. This suggests that pluripotent stem cells are not affected by marrow IT101 purging and may be able to regenerate lymphoid as well as myeloid lineages. PMID- 3485317 TI - Mitogenic effects of beryllium and zirconium salts on mouse splenocytes in vitro. AB - The beryllium (Be) and zirconium (Zr) salts, BeSO4 and Zr(SO4)2, each exerted a concentration-dependent stimulation of mouse spleen cell proliferation as measured by an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into lymphocyte DNA, although the maximal response induced by Zr(SO4)4 (4-5 fold at 100-200 microM) was greater than that by BeSO4 (2-3 fold at 1-5 microM). Preincubation of splenocytes with low concentrations of BeSO4 (less than 1 microM) or a broad range of Zr(SO4)2 concentrations (2-100 microM) was also found to assist subsequent lectin (concanavalin A; ConA)-mediated lymphocyte proliferation. The results indicate that at defined concentrations Be and Zr salts can both act as lymphocyte mitogens and augment the functional responsiveness of immune cells, which may help explain the characteristic induction of delayed hypersensitivity and production of immunological granulomas by these metals in vivo. PMID- 3485319 TI - [Hetero-organic antigens of renal nature in the composition of the nuclear nonhistone proteins in the regenerating rat liver]. AB - In the nuclear non-histone proteins of the rat liver, on the 4th day after a partial hepatoectomy or hepatocarcinogen injection as well as in the hepatocellular tumour cells, some heteroorganic antigens of kidney nature (HAkid) are found and characterized immunochemically. These HAkid can be eluted at 0.4 0.5 M NaCl during gradient chromatography on phosphocellulose. They possess some proper phosphoproteinkinase activity. The appearance of HAkid in rat liver may be considered, on the one hand, as a manifestation of some malignant factor (carcinogen action, tumour cells) and, on the other hand, they are obviously connected with proliferative activity of the regenerative rat liver cells (hepatectomy effect). It is very likely that both the sides of this phenomenological effect of HAkid in rat liver are the consequence of a specific expression along the cell oncogens. PMID- 3485320 TI - Leucovorin rescue of enteric lesions induced by high-dose methotrexate: a time related study in mice. AB - In this study, different groups of mice were treated with a single high-dose of methotrexate or with a leucovorin-methotrexate association, and the changes in structure and cell types of the small intestine were studied histologically. The results suggested that leucovorin rescue diminished the degree of mitotic abatement induced by methotrexate in the first days after treatment, with better preservation of enteric structures and the cell type ratio. PMID- 3485321 TI - [Comparative study of 2 piroxicam preparations in rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 3485322 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vestibular, optokinetic and optovestibular stimulation in the experimental model of motion sickness]. PMID- 3485323 TI - [Electronystagmographic characteristics of peripheral vestibular asymmetries (decompensation stage)]. PMID- 3485324 TI - Response of bovine and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells to human recombinant interleukin 2(125). AB - Bovine and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested for their response to human recombinant interleukin 2(125) (rIL 2(125)). The rIL 2(125) used in these experiments was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli, contained a site-specific modification at amino acid #125 replacing a cysteine with a serine residue and had a specific activity of 4 X 10(6) units/mg. Human rIL 2(125) was shown to be directly mitogenic for bovine and porcine PBMC and was able to maintain the long-term growth of mitogen-activated PBMC of both species. Long-term cultures were highly sensitive to low levels of rIL 2(125) and showed dose-dependent responses when used in short-term IL 2 assays. Bovine and porcine PBMC preincubated with human rIL 2(125) for 1 and 5 days demonstrated enhanced levels of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against both allogeneic and xenogeneic cell lines. PMID- 3485326 TI - Bleeding gastric varices. PMID- 3485325 TI - Comparisons of pooled polyclonal rabbit anti-human C3d with four monoclonal mouse anti-human C3ds. I. Preparation, purification and binding properties. AB - Performance characteristics of pooled rabbit IgG polyclonal anti-C3d are compared with one mouse IgM and three mouse IgG monoclonal anti-C3d antibodies (MAs). IgG MA,s employed singly or in combination, failed to precipitate C3d; by contrast, IgM MA and polyclonal anti-C3d precipitated C3d. Measurements of polyclonal anti C3d concentration by chemical means and by 125I-C3d radioimmunoassay (RIA) agreed closely. RIA values were 50% of chemical measurement values for three of the four MAs. Use of sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to assess MA C3d/anti C3d molar combining ratios for soluble anti-C3d/C3d was not possible because fast sedimenting multimeric C3d/anti-C3d complexes did not form. Dissociation and competitive binding studies indicate that (1) two MAs had substantially lower affinities than the other anti-C3d antibodies, and (2) polyclonal anti-C3d recognizes more C3d epitopes than are recognized by individual MAs. The results demonstrate antigenic complexity of C3d fragment and illustrate the difficulties of predicting individual MA performance based on prior experience with polyclonal antibodies. PMID- 3485327 TI - [Breast cancer in Austria: epidemiology and risk factors]. AB - The incidence of breast cancer in Austria has been evaluated between 1971 and 1982. The incidence and mortality rates for this disease are comparable to the figures for Western Europe and the United States. A significant increase was observed in the overall incidence of breast cancer, which was, however, restricted to the age group before the 40th and after the 70th year of age. The incidence of breast cancer between 40 and 70 did not change significantly. The evaluation of high risk groups (first parity later than 30 years of age, nulliparity) showed decreasing incidence, whereas the frequency of women with early parity (earlier than 20 years of age)--representing a low-risk group- increased. Therefore, change of risk factors did not show any concordance with increasing breast cancer rate. Changes in diet in Austria over the past 30 years are discussed as a possible risk factor for increasing breast cancer rate. PMID- 3485328 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of cartilage damage of the knee joint]. AB - Making up a balance of symptomless cartilage damages of knee joint, we got a result of 94.6% after having a section of 102 cases with an average of age from 65.95 years. Taking into consideration professional and other factors of physical exercises, we are going to inform about the prophylactic and prognostical importance of degenerative cartilage changes, which will be manifested clinically in the symptomless stage. PMID- 3485329 TI - [Quality of medical information on admission to a nursing home]. AB - In this paper one aspect of social relation in health and social service is investigated by means of documentation analysis: the quality of medical information on admission to a nursing home. In 6% of all cases (n = 120) the nursing home received detailed data on the diagnosis and therapy, the status praesens and on the clinical symptoms, on the social and psychological situation of the aged person in need of care and his/her clinical parameters. With 6% the basic data (name, date of birth, diagnosis) were incomplete. With 66.7% the data were available on the day of admission. There was no dependence on age, sex and stage of care of the person in need of care. The data were less extensive if the person in need of care was referred to from an out-patient department and inquiries could not be made with him/her or his/her relatives/acquaintances. An improvement of this situation is possible if the cooperation between hitherto attending doctor, the care institution of the municipal district for aged people and the nursing home is coordinated better. PMID- 3485330 TI - [Classification and prognosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas]. AB - Modern concepts on the classification and prognosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are discussed in this paper. The full spectrum of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas is not yet known. A new classification of histomorphological types of mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome in correlation with prognostic features is proposed. PMID- 3485331 TI - [Z-DNA and autoimmune derangement]. AB - The Z conformation of DNA seems closely related to postulated pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune complaints like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The following findings are of importance: 1. Z DNA occurs under physiological conditions. 2. Z DNA is likely to be a target of polymerases. 3. Z DNA is immunogen. 4. Antibodies to Z DNA have been detected in both, murine and human SLE. PMID- 3485332 TI - [Clinical experience with fibrin gluing in general and thoracic surgery]. AB - Fibrin sealing was applied in 615 cases to patients in the Surgery I Department of Salzburg County Hospitals, between April 1st, 1978 and April 30th, 1985. Fibrin glue Tissucol (Immuno, Vienna) was used in all cases. Need for additional sealing of sutures and anastomoses (n = 331), haemostasis and wound dressing on parenchymatous organs (n = 125), and glueing of skin grafts (n = 97) were the most common indications. Postoperative complications occurred to eight cases (6.4 per cent) in the wake of haemostatic glueing of parenchymatous organs, with lethality being 1.6 per cent (n = 2). One of the patients had to be relaparotomised. Fistulation, following additional sealing of anastomoses and sutures, was recorded from 4.9 per cent of the patients, with the rate of lethality being 0.6 per cent. Inadequate healing of skin grafts was observed in eleven per cent of all cases. Side effects of the fibrin sealant, say, hepatitis, were not observed at all. PMID- 3485333 TI - [2d operations in coronary artery surgery]. AB - In coronary heart surgery, reoperations are performed on about seven per cent of all cases, primarily for progressive coronary artery sclerosis and sclerosis in autologous bypass veins. The problems relating to progressive coronary artery sclerosis and bypass sclerosis are expounded in this paper by the example of 14 patients, with reference being made to indications for recurrent surgical intervention for vascular reconstruction. Particular emphasis is laid on the surgical approach. With the given risk tolerable, coronary reoperation, today, is a genuine alternative in the treatment of recurrent angina pectoris, following bypass surgery. It is likely to enhance the patient's life expectancy and quality of life. PMID- 3485334 TI - [Technic of reoperation in coronary disease]. AB - Reoperations, following coronary bypass surgery, are clearly on a rising trend. Choice of surgical technique depends on the morphological findings obtained from recoronarography. Implantation of aorto-coronary vein grafts and even more anastomosis of the A. mammaria interna are preferred approaches. While the risk was found to be somewhat higher than that associated with primary surgery, longterm results have proved to be good. PMID- 3485335 TI - Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets after elective surgery. AB - In seven patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy or vagotomy, helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells were quantified by use of monoclonal antibodies (OKT) preoperatively and on postoperative days 2 and 7. The total number and percentage distribution of T-cells (OKT 3) did not change significantly in the study period and the total number of helper T-cells (OKT 4) was similar in the three tests, but the number of suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells (OKT 8) on postoperative days 2 and 7 showed significant rise from the preoperative value. Consequently, significant decrease in OKT 4/8 ratio was found 2 days (1.47 +/- 0.23) and 7 days (1.80 +/- 0.28) postoperatively, as compared with the preoperative ratio (2.85 +/- 0.44). Since reduced ratio of OKT 4/8 has been shown in disorders associated with diminished immunocompetence, our findings may be related to the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections seen in post surgery patients. PMID- 3485336 TI - Streptococci and activities of sucrases and alpha-amylases in supragingival dental plaque and saliva in three caries activity groups. AB - Thirty-eight young adults participated in the study. They were divided in a caries-inactive group, a low caries activity group and a moderate to high caries activity group. Total cultivable bacteria, Streptococcus salivarius, and S. mutans in plaque and saliva were quantitated on TSA, MS, and MSB plates, respectively. Sucrase activity was determined by measuring reducing sugars in plaque and saliva after incubation with sucrose. alpha-Amylase activity was determined by Pharmacia Phadebas Amylase test. The data were analyzed with the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The only significant difference was observed for plaque alpha-amylase activity between the caries-inactive group and the moderate-high caries activity group (P less than 0.05). The lack of differences concerning the other variables is discussed mainly on the basis of the multifactorial character of dental caries and the possible insufficiency of the applied methods. PMID- 3485337 TI - Mammographic features of 300 consecutive nonpalpable breast cancers. AB - The mammographic presentations of 300 consecutive nonpalpable breast cancers were analyzed to more clearly define the spectrum of radiographic signs needed to detect cancer at such an early stage. Clustered calcifications were the primary mammographic abnormality in 42% of cases, but only 23% demonstrated the rod, curvilinear, and branching shapes that are characteristic of malignancy. Of the 300 cancers, 39% presented as dominant masses, but only 16% showed spiculated or knobby margins typical of carcinoma. Almost 20% of the cancers were detected primarily by "indirect" mammographic signs of malignancy, such as focal architectural distortion, asymmetry, single dilated duct, and the developing density sign. To take full advantage of the capabilities of mammography, radiologists must search diligently not only for for the classic mammographic features of malignancy but especially for the more subtle and "indirect" signs that are less specific in predicting the presence of cancer. PMID- 3485338 TI - Atypical carcinoid of the lung: radiographic features. AB - Atypical carcinoid of the lung is a neuroendocrine neoplasm with cellular and clinical features intermediate between those of typical carcinoid and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung. These neoplasms exhibit a wide range of histologic appearances and are misdiagnosed in up to 50% of cases. The clinical records and radiographs of 32 patients with this diagnosis from the University of Virginia Medical Center and Wake Forest University Medical Center were reviewed. Sixteen of these cases had been misdiagnosed pathologically. While the most frequent radiographic finding was a round or avoid lobulated peripheral mass, other appearances included thin-walled cavities, poorly defined nonsegmental infiltrates, and mediastinal masses. Fifty percent of the patients in this study have died from their tumor, with a mean survival of 15.5 months. This contrasts with both typical carcinoid and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, in which patients develop fatal metastatic disease in 5% and nearly 100%, respectively. Proper categorization of typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma is necessary to determine appropriate therapy, prognosis, and reporting of end results. PMID- 3485339 TI - Cine CT demonstration of nonfixed upper airway obstruction. AB - Cine CT, with its very rapid imaging capabilities, was used to evaluate eight adult patients suspected of nonfixed upper airway obstruction. A method was developed for such imaging, which provides 10 images at each of 12 contiguous levels, extending from the soft palate through the extrathoracic trachea. These give a dynamic view of the airway during at least one full respiratory cycle and take about 6 sec to obtain. Results were compared with similar studies in 10 normal volunteers. Seven of the patients showed intermittent obstruction on cine CT, while the eighth was judged normal. All results agreed with subsequent further investigations or confirmed clinical diagnoses. The pathology demonstrated included chondromalacia, laryngeal spasm, and polychondritis. Four patients were evaluated for sleep apnea. All showed dynamic abnormalities of the airway, although they were studied awake and asymptomatic, during normal quiet respiration. All were subsequently shown to have severe sleep apnea. We conclude that cine CT has the potential to provide information quickly and noninvasively on upper airway dynamics and has certain definite advantages over conventional studies. PMID- 3485340 TI - MRI evaluation of mediastinal and thoracic inlet venous obstruction. AB - Fourteen patients with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of mediastinal or thoracic inlet venous obstruction were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 0.35-T superconducting system using multislice spin-echo technique. The MRI examinations were retrospectively evaluated for their ability to provide information about the presence, level, and cause of venous obstruction, local extent of disease causing obstruction, and presence of collateral venous pathways. The results were compared to the information available from correlative studies including CT (11) and venography (four). In each instance, MRI provided detailed information about the precise site and extent of venous obstruction. The specific cause of the obstruction was suggested by MRI findings in one case of teratoma and in one case of postradiation fibrosis. Otherwise, all masses had relatively prolonged T1 T1 and T2 relaxation times and could not be differentiated on the basis of their and T2 relaxation times and could not be differentiated on the basis of their MRI appearances. Transaxial images most clearly and unequivocally depicted patent and obstructed superior vena cava (SVC). Enlarged venous collateral pathways were apparent in four cases. CT scans with intravenous contrast material in general provided information similar to that available with MRI, except in two cases where there was a discrepancy between CT and MRI concerning complete versus partial occlusion of the SVC. This initial study indicates that MRI can provide information about the presence, cause, and precise level of mediastinal and thoracic inlet venous obstruction. PMID- 3485341 TI - CT of subpulmonic pleural effusions and atelectasis: criteria for differentiation from subphrenic fluid. AB - The ability to distinguish intrathoracic from intraabdominal fluid collections has important therapeutic implications. In the setting of peridiaphragmatic fluid collections CT accurately distinguishes between pleural and subphrenic fluid collections in most cases. Subpulmonic effusions represent a potential pitfall to CT diagnosis, however, because the atelectatic basilar lung segments appear on axial CT sections as a curvilinear band density that simulates the hemidiaphragm. Fluid found anterior to this "pseudodiaphragm" will erroneously be diagnosed as subphrenic unless the atelectatic lung is recognized as such. New CT observations are reported that allowed confident diagnosis in 18 consecutive cases of subpulmonic effusions. The atelectatic lung was distinguished from the diaphragm because the atelectatic band appeared thickened (17 of 18 cases), tapered laterally (14 of 18), was interrupted rather than continuous (17 of 18), and could be followed in contiguous cephalad sections into lung that was confidently recognized by the presence of gas bubbles or air bronchograms (12 of 18). PMID- 3485342 TI - Reassessing the role of radiology in Hemoccult screening. AB - During a recent regional screening program, 98 patients with a positive Hemoccult test were evaluated radiographically. Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) detected all six carcinomas and 92% of 37 polyps. DCBE was also the most cost effective procedure. Colonoscopy dramatically increased screening costs without providing evidence to support its use in all Hemoccult-positive patients. It is recommended that DCBE be the initial diagnostic test in Hemoccult-positive patients, to be supplemented in selected patients by flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy depending on the pathology evident on DCBE and on clinical circumstances. PMID- 3485343 TI - Preoperative and postoperative CT staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma. AB - This study reports a 4 year experience using CT for preoperative staging and for evaluation of patients with rectal and sigmoid carcinoma after surgery. All patients were evaluated on a GE 8800 scanner using 1 cm contiguous slices. Only 15 of the 25 preoperative patients were staged correctly. The other 10 patients were understaged by CT. The accuracy of detecting local invasion was 70%, but only seven (35%) of 20 patients had accurate assessment of lymph nodes. The overall accuracy of CT staging in the 46 postoperative patients was 87%, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 72%. Most recurrences were found in the pelvis; 16 patients had liver metastases, and metastatic disease obstructing the ureters was detected in eight patients. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that CT should not be used routinely to preoperatively stage patients with rectosigmoid carcinoma. However, all patients who have undergone resection for rectal or sigmoid carcinoma should have aggressive CT evaluation including a baseline study at 2-4 months and then follow-up studies at every 6 months for at least 2 years. All new or enlarging masses should have CT-guided biopsies. This approach may prolong survival by detecting early asymptomatic recurrences. PMID- 3485344 TI - Preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms by computed tomography. AB - A prospective, preoperative study was conducted of 50 electively repaired abdominal aortic aneurysms comparing the CT and angiographic findings with those described at surgery. CT demonstrated all 50 aneurysms and correctly identified their proximal extent in relation to the takeoff of the renal arteries in 47 patients (94%), while angiography detected 48 aneurysms (96%) and their correct relation to the renal arteries in all (100%). CT correctly identified 40 (98%) of 41 patients with two renal arteries, but only two (29%) of seven with three and none of two patients with four arteries. Common iliac artery involvement or lack thereof was accurately predicted in 42 (84%) of the 50 patients and internal iliac artery aneurysms found in one (33%) of three patients. It was concluded that CT is not sufficiently accurate for documenting location and patency of the renal arteries to allow its routine substitution for angiography in patients undergoing preoperative assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 3485345 TI - "Congestion index" of the portal vein. AB - The "congestion index" is used to mean the ratio between the cross-sectional area (cm2) and the blood flow velocity (cm/sec) of the portal vein, as determined by a duplex Doppler system. The indices as determined in normal subjects and patients with liver disease were as follows: normal subjects (n = 85), 0.070 +/- 0.029 cm X sec; acute hepatitis (n = 11), 0.071 +/- 0.014 cm X sec; chronic active hepatitis (n = 42) 0.119 +/- 0.084 cm X sec; cirrhosis (n = 72), 0.171 +/- 0.075 cm X sec; and idiopathic portal hypertension (n = 11), 0.180 +/- 0.107 cm X sec. There was a statistically significant difference between the congestion indices from the normal subject group and indices obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and idiopathic portal hypertension. A weak positive correlation was obtained between the congestion index and the portal venous pressure, measured simultaneously through a percutaneously placed catheter (n = 64, r = 0.45, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the congestion index reflects the pathophysiological hemodynamics of the portal venous system in portal hypertension. PMID- 3485346 TI - Pheochromocytoma: detection by unenhanced CT. AB - During a 2 1/2-year period, 10 patients with suspected pheochromocytoma were evaluated by unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Six adrenal masses, one hyperplastic adrenal gland, and two extraadrenal retroperitoneal masses were detected in seven patients; CT of the adrenals and retroperitoneum was normal in three patients. Scintigraphy with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) was performed in nine of the 10 patients and corroborated the CT findings in all cases. In the three patients with normal CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphic findings, follow-up assays of serum catecholamines were normal. In six of the seven patients with abnormal CT scans, surgical and pathologic confirmation was obtained; one patient was lost to follow-up after her CT scan. Unenhanced CT is recommended as the initial localizing procedure in patients with suspected pheochromocytoma, thereby avoiding the small but finite risk of hypertensive crisis associated with intravenous injection of urographic contrast medium. PMID- 3485347 TI - CT evaluation of advanced seminoma treated with chemotherapy. AB - The serial CT characteristics of nodal metastases from pure seminoma treated with chemotherapy were evaluated in 18 patients. Fifty percent of masses at presentation contained areas of low attenuation; none had calcification. After chemotherapy, masses completely resolved in four patients, partially resolved in 12 patients, and remained unchanged in one patient. The remaining patient developed progressive liver metastases during therapy and died. Pathologic evaluation of residual masses in four patients demonstrated only fibrosis. Residual masses in nine other patients demonstrated further partial resolution or remained stable over the following year; two developed calcification. These patients exhibited no clinical evidence of disease for a median follow-up of 22 or more months. Persistent but stable or resolving masses are common after chemotherapy for advanced seminoma. Unlike their nonseminomatous counterparts, they most often represent fibrosis in patients with no other clinical evidence of disease and do not warrant surgical excision. PMID- 3485348 TI - MRI and CT evaluation of primary bone and soft-tissue tumors. AB - Twenty-six patients with primary tumors of bone or somatic soft tissues underwent both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT); 15 of the patients had radionuclide bone scans as well. Only in a minority of cases did these tomographic methods provide information needed for diagnosis that could not be derived from the plain radiographs alone; however, for assessing the extent of the disease, both CT and MRI proved very valuable, particularly MRI. Specifically, MRI was superior to CT in delineating the extent of the neoplasms and their relation to surrounding structures in 21 of the patients, equal in four, and inferior in only one. Furthermore, in the 13 patients with tumors of long bone, MRI was judged superior to CT in visualizing marrow abnormality in 12 cases, and equal in only one case. Radionuclide scans demonstrated the lesions in 14 of the 15 cases; its primary utility was in excluding additional lesions. It is concluded that for these patients, MRI was the imaging method of choice in assessing the extent of bone and soft-tissue tumors. PMID- 3485349 TI - Mediastinal collateral arteries: important vessels in coarctation of the aorta. AB - Mediastinal collateral arteries are usually present in children with coarctation of the aorta or obstruction of the subclavian artery. These arteries, normally bilateral, connect the subclavian artery, costocervical trunk, or supreme intercostal artery to the descending thoracic aorta. They probably represent hypertrophied preexisting normal vessels of an embryologic origin other than persistence of a dorsal aortic root. Radiologists should be aware of the high frequency of these mediastinal vessels in patients with coarctation of the aorta and subclavian obstruction because they indicate a hemodynamically significant lesion. PMID- 3485350 TI - Value of the peroral pneumocolon in children. AB - This is the first study in children of the use of the peroral pneumocolon, which entails insufflation of air per rectum to examine the terminal ileum and cecum in conjunction with a conventional barium follow-through examination. Of 1188 conventional barium follow-through examinations performed during 2 1/2 years, results were ambiguous in 13 patients, who then underwent a peroral pneumocolon study. This study showed terminal ileitis in six patients, confirming the diagnosis of Crohn disease in five and Behcet syndrome in the other. In four patients peroral pneumocolon findings were normal. More extensive cecal or proximal ileal disease was shown in three patients by peroral pneumocolon, and fistulae suspected on conventional study were confidently excluded in two others. In all 13 the examination was well tolerated, and avoided further, more invasive procedures. The peroral pneumocolon is a useful procedure in children for these indications. PMID- 3485351 TI - CT scanning in patients with opsomyoclonus: importance of nonenhanced scan. AB - Children with neuroblastoma presenting with opsomyoclonus are a diagnostic dilemma; they may not have a palpable mass or elevated urine catecholamines and the neurologic manifestation often precedes the discovery of a primary tumor by several months. The delay in diagnosis probably reflects the difficulty in detecting small lesions. Even with high-resolution computed tomography (CT), difficulty was recently experienced in identifying small retroperitoneal lesions in three patients who presented with opsomyoclonus. Calcifications in these small neoplasms resembled contrast material within adjacent small-bowel loops that were not discernible until additional, unenhanced scans were obtained. It is recommended that the initial CT evaluation in patients presenting with opsomyoclonus be performed without bowel or intravenous contrast enhancement. PMID- 3485352 TI - Embolization of an intraosseous arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 3485353 TI - Solitary ileal arteriovenous malformation: preoperative localization by coil embolization. PMID- 3485354 TI - Kinked catheters: radiographic appearance of functionally significant bends. AB - Several nonangiographic catheters commonly used in children were bent and kinked, radiographed, and perfused at different rates to identify appearances that corresponded to significant alterations in flow dynamics. Radiographic signs of catheter kinking (i.e., focal buckling) depended on the severity of bending and the angle of the radiographic beam relative to the plane of the bend. One or more straight lines appeared at the site of buckling; catheters that were not kinked did not demonstrate straight lines. Other signs were distortion of the round catheter lumen and bulging of the catheter material. Distortions short of sharp kinking did not compromise flow except in very small catheters. PMID- 3485355 TI - CT myelographic findings in degenerative disorders of the cervical spine: clinical significance. AB - CT myelographic data in 80 patients with clinical evidence of nerve-root involvement or long tract signs attributed to degenerative disorders of the cervical spine were classed into five diagnostic groups, and their clinical significance was assessed. Unilateral flattening of the cord by a spondylotic mass or bulging disk in a normally wide canal (group 1) was considered nonspecific because nerve-root signs were nearly as often contralateral as unilateral to the radiologic findings, and none of the patients had long tract signs. As a rule, conventional myelography showed only minor root-sleeve deformity. Concentric compression of the cord in a narrow (stenotic) canal (group 2) proved to produce long tract signs only after the cross-sectional area of the cord had been reduced by about 30% to a value of about 60 mm2 or less. In most cases, nerve-root swelling (group 3) coincided with the side of nerve-root symptoms. A 100% correlation was found between the side of disk herniation with occlusion of the corresponding foramen (group 4) and the side of nerve-root symptoms. In 24 patients, cord and nerve roots showed no abnormalities (group 5). If stenosis of the spinal canal, nerve root swelling, and disk herniation are considered specific CT myelographic signs in nerve-root symptomatology, a specific diagnosis could be made in about 40% of the cases. PMID- 3485357 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome: review and reference to stroke in a major league pitcher. AB - The thoracic outlet compression syndrome is reviewed. It should be considered in all neurologic and vascular complaints of the upper extremity. Symptoms are related to arm position and use and are aggravated by sustained activity that stresses the shoulder. A participant in any sport that requires a repetitive violent throwing motion is a potential candidate for this condition. A detailed report of a major league pitcher illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, inasmuch as delay can be catastrophic, as in the case of this career athlete. A thorough history is the best aid in arriving at a diagnosis. When the symptoms are mild or moderate, conservative therapy may suffice. When surgery is indicated, the object is to create adequate space for passage of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein. Patients with thrombosis and occlusion of a major artery supplying the upper extremity require an additional arterial reconstructive procedure plus a cervicothoracic sympathectomy. PMID- 3485358 TI - Neurosarcoidosis responding to steroids. PMID- 3485356 TI - Hyperextension dislocation of the cervical spine. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe hyperextension dislocation of the cervical spine and to illustrate its often subtle radiographic features. An analysis of the lateral cervical spine radiographs in 20 patients with hyperextension dislocation of the cervical spine revealed the combination of diffuse prevertebral soft-tissue widening together with normally aligned cervical vertebrae in all patients with this injury. In six (30%) of 20 patients, this combination of findings was the only radiographic sign. The precise level of dislocation was indicated by a thin, transversely oriented avulsion fracture fragment arising from the anterior aspect of the inferior end-plate of the dislocated vertebra in 13 (65%) of 20 patients, by a vacuum defect in the intervertebral disk subjacent to the dislocated vertebra in three (15%), by a widened intervertebral disk space in three (15%), and by comminuted fracture of the spinous process in one (5%). Clinically, all 20 patients had facial trauma and all had some manifestation of the acute central cervical spinal cord syndrome. PMID- 3485360 TI - Effect of anatomic variations on deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. AB - Three hundred thirty-seven lower extremities of 256 patients, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, underwent ascending positive contrast venography. Certain anatomic variations were noted to be related to the location and development of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The thrombus was located entirely in the calf in 44% of asymptomatic limbs and 17% of symptomatic ones (p less than 0.001). There were multiple superficial femoral veins (SFVs) in 31% of the limbs examined, and 40% of those limbs had DVT. This percentage (40%) represented a statistically higher incidence of DVT (p less than 0.001) than those limbs with a single SFV, where the incidence was only 19%. When limbs with multiple SFVs had DVT, only 41% were symptomatic, whereas in those with a single SFV, 72% of the limbs were symptomatic (p less than 0.001). This difference may be the result of internal collaterals due to multiple SFVs. When there were more than five valves in the deep veins between the popliteal fossa and the ischial spine, there was a higher incidence of DVT (35%) as compared to the incidence when there were five or fewer valves (13%) (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3485361 TI - Percutaneous retrieval of an unusually large, nonopaque intravascular foreign body. PMID- 3485359 TI - Selective coronary angiography using a power injector. PMID- 3485362 TI - Gallstone dissolution with methyl-tert-butyl ether via percutaneous cholecystostomy: success and caveats. PMID- 3485363 TI - Microcomputer patient database management system for an MRI facility. AB - A management system for a magnetic resonance imaging facility was developed to store pertinent patient data and to maintain a teaching file. The system was developed on a Digital PRO-350 microcomputer using a commercially available database software package. The cost of the system was about $7000. The patient data are entered at a terminal by a clerk typist. Input data are condensed or abbreviated to accommodate the limited data storage on the microcomputer. Cases can be rapidly retrieved and sorted on the basis of any of the 42 data fields available or any combination of these fields. The system has been successfully used for 18 months to create directories for a teaching file, for presentations, and for clinical research. Census-type data can be compiled, and the system can be used for word processing. PMID- 3485364 TI - How important is radiographic detection of diminutive polyps of the colon? PMID- 3485365 TI - Guide wire exchange problems. PMID- 3485367 TI - Spontaneous regression of herniated nucleus pulposus. PMID- 3485366 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy: perpetuation of a myth. PMID- 3485368 TI - Toxin-induced parkinsonism: recent developments. PMID- 3485369 TI - Noninvasive quantification of the extent of jeopardized myocardium in patients with single-vessel coronary disease by stress thallium-201 single-photon emission computerized rotational tomography. AB - In 22 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease and no history of infarction, stress Tl-201 rotational tomography was used to quantify the extent of jeopardized myocardium. The vertical long- and short-axis tomograms were quantified by means of maximum-count circumferential profile analysis. The scintigraphic extent of jeopardized myocardium was expressed as the percentage of profile points falling 2.5 standard deviations below a previously established mean normal profile and was correlated to a quantitatively expressed angiographic extent of jeopardized myocardium. The extent of jeopardized myocardium varied from 1% to 55% by tomography and 8% to 50% by angiography and correlated with an r = 0.79 and a 10% standard error of the estimate. Defect intensity, reflecting the mean depth by which the abnormal points fell below the normal value of greater than or equal to 10%, was 100% specific for a coronary stenosis of greater than or equal to 70%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that: patients with single-vessel disease have highly variable extents of hypoperfused myocardium defined by Tl-201 tomography and coronary arteriography, there is a fair relationship between angiographic jeopardy score and perfusion defects by Tl 201 tomography during exercise, and Tl-201 tomography may be used to noninvasively determine the extent of hypoperfused myocardium in coronary artery disease. PMID- 3485370 TI - Lymphoma with primary cardiac manifestations. PMID- 3485371 TI - Intoxication of young children with marijuana: a form of amusement for 'pot' smoking teenage girls. PMID- 3485372 TI - Middle-class adolescent daily marijuana users: demographic behavioral and scholastic characteristics. PMID- 3485373 TI - Use of rifampin in Haemophilus influenzae type b infections. AB - Based on evidence that patients with infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) remain colonized after therapy, recommendations for chemoprophylaxis of susceptible contacts have included providing rifampin for patients themselves. However, these recommendations have been made with neither definitive advice concerning the timing of rifampin administration nor any supporting data of efficacy and safety in patients. Our data suggest that rifampin given concurrently with therapeutic antimicrobials is as effective-89% (17/19)--as when given following therapeutic antimicrobials-95% (18/19)--in eradicating pharyngeal HIB. Colonization of the pharynx by HIB was also determined before and during therapy. Almost all patients were colonized before beginning therapy; most were heavily colonized. The density of colonization diminished rapidly during the first 15 to 20 hours of therapy. However, 28% of patients, primarily those who had HIB diseases other than meningitis or did not receive any chloramphenicol, still had detectable colonization after four to six days of antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 3485374 TI - Leucocytoclastic vasculitis (hypersensitivity angiitis) of the small bowel presenting with severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - A case of leucocytoclastic vasculitis involving the entire small bowel is reported. A high index of suspicion and recognition of the early palpable purpuric skin lesions in patients with acute abdominal pain and gastrointestinal hemorrhage might avert unnecessary surgical exploration in some patients. PMID- 3485375 TI - Multimeric pattern discrepancy between platelet and plasma von Willebrand factor in type IIC von Willebrand disease. AB - von Willebrand factor (vWF) from platelet lysate and plasma, collected in the presence of protease inhibitors, was studied in two patients with type IIC von Willebrand disease (vWD). Platelet and plasma vWF showed the smallest multimer increased, but the latter had a repeating single band whereas the former had a repeating "doublet." This platelet-plasma discrepancy observed for the first time in these patients suggests that the repeating "doublet" or single band described in other type IIC patients represent minor subgroups of type IIC vWD. PMID- 3485376 TI - Prophylactic use of gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and cephalosporins in 10 hospitals in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 3485377 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. AB - The effects of coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 45 percent) on survival, symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction, and regional left ventricular function were prospectively assessed in 34 patients. Left ventricular function was serially assessed by nuclear angiocardiography. Operative mortality was 9 percent, and mortality during the follow-up period was 10 percent. Twenty of 21 patients with class III or IV anginal symptoms preoperatively improved by at least two functional classes. Seven of 10 patients with class III or IV symptoms of heart failure preoperatively improved by at least one functional class. Global left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly with surgery (p less than 0.05). Regional left ventricular systolic function improved as well (p less than 0.005). These findings suggest that in selected patients with left ventricular dysfunction, coronary artery bypass surgery can be performed with acceptable mortality and may result in symptomatic and functional benefit. PMID- 3485378 TI - Blood transfusion and Jehovah's Witnesses: medical and legal issues in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Jehovah's Witnesses are members of a religious denomination whose beliefs prohibit the use of blood or blood products. Plasma volume expanders and extracorporeal hemodilution of the patient's own blood are theologically acceptable. Acute massive hemorrhage in which only blood is lifesaving may be encountered in obstetrics and gynecology. Either withholding or administering blood in such circumstances may have legal consequences for the physician and hospital. Factors to be considered include fetal viability, the presence of dependent children, and rules of informed consent. Whenever possible, the potential for transfusion should be anticipated and clearly discussed with the patient. When appropriate, the physician and hospital should move rapidly to obtain judicial resolution. PMID- 3485379 TI - Etiology of cervical inflammation. AB - We studied the relationships of selected microbial, clinical, demographic, and behavioral variables to mucopurulent cervicitis in two clinical settings, a sexually transmitted disease clinic and a student health clinic. From each clinic, we studied a group of women referred for suspected mucopurulent cervicitis and a representative sample of other women attending the clinic. After the women were stratified by patient group and summary odds ratios for all groups were obtained, mucopurulent cervicitis was most strongly associated with the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis; other variables associated with mucopurulent cervicitis included the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Trichomonas vaginalis, the presence of serum antibody to C. trachomatis, the clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, and oral contraceptive use (positive associations) or isolation of yeast (negative association). After adjustment for cervical culture results for C. trachomatis, mucopurulent cervicitis was positively associated with oral contraceptive use (p = 0.02) and isolation of U. urealyticum (p = 0.02) and negatively associated with isolation of yeast (p = 0.03). Among women with a positive cervical culture for C. trachomatis, isolation of U. urealyticum was significantly associated with mucopurulent cervicitis, while among the subgroup of women with a negative cervical culture for C. trachomatis and positive serum antibody to C. trachomatis, oral contraceptive use was strongly associated with mucopurulent cervicitis. These results confirm that in both clinical settings C. trachomatis is the major cause of mucopurulent cervicitis. The roles of U. urealyticum, T. vaginalis, G. vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis, and oral contraceptive use in the etiology of mucopurulent cervicitis deserve further study. PMID- 3485380 TI - Corneal biopsy in the diagnosis of keratomycosis. AB - In two patients, a 55-year-old man and a 49-year-old man, who had fungal keratitis initially undiagnosed by corneal scrapings the condition was successfully diagnosed by corneal biopsy. We compared corneal biopsy specimens and corneal scraping in the diagnosis of keratomycosis in rabbits with experimental bilateral fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans. Corneal scrapings disclosed three specimens (30%) positive for Candida, five (50%) for Fusarium, and six (60%) for Aspergillus keratitis, whereas corneal biopsy specimens showed fungal elements of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida in all inoculated eyes. PMID- 3485381 TI - Metabolic imaging in hemianopsia using positron emission tomography with 18F deoxyfluoroglucose. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of metabolic mapping by positron emission tomography using 18F-deoxyfluoroglucose as a tracer in the diagnosis of hemianopsia, we examined eight patients who had had cerebrovascular accident, and four controls. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination disclosed hemianopsia in five and incomplete hemianopsia in three patients; computed tomography showed low-density areas in four patients; and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a prolonged T2 area in five patients. The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose without visual stimulation in the visual cortex was 7.4 +/- 1.0 mg/min/100 g of brain without interhemispheric asymmetry. Light stimulation increased cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in the visual cortex of the nonaffected hemisphere and decreased it in the affected hemisphere. Asymmetry in the metabolic rate in the posterior medial occipital cortex in complete hemianopsia was 22% 12% (P less than .01). PMID- 3485382 TI - Factors associated with a poor visual result in endophthalmitis. AB - In a retrospective study of 82 cases of endophthalmitis treated between 1976 and 1982 at Barnes Hospital-Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 51 (62%) cases were culture-proven. Forty-nine (60%) were associated with cataract extraction, 16 cases (20%) were associated with trauma, and 17 cases (20%) were associated with other events. Sixty-four patients (78%) had undergone neither anterior chamber nor vitreous paracentesis before referral. Seventeen of the 51 culture-proven cases were initially thought to be sterile inflammatory responses and not infectious by the referring ophthalmologist. A poor visual result (visual acuity of less than 20/400) was associated with positive cultures, accidental trauma, virulent organisms, poor initial visual acuity, or a combination of these. PMID- 3485383 TI - Calcium release rate in skinned skeletal muscle fibers measured with arsenazo III. AB - Calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of single skinned (sarcolemma removed) skeletal muscle fibers was studied using the calcium-sensitive dye arsenazo III (Arz III). Isotropic absorption measurements were made differentially to reduce the effect of movement artifacts. The question of dye stoichiometry was addressed by measuring the absorption ratio at 600 and 660 nm at various times during the calcium transient. The results indicate that little change in the proportions of the various calcium-dye species occurs until at least 1 s into the release and, further, that the 1:2 calcium-dye complex is unlikely to be the dominant species present at early times. The relationship between dye concentration and the slope of the early absorption change was found to be linear for all levels of fiber loading. This suggests that the 1:1 rather than the 2:2 complex is the major species formed at early times in skinned fibers, although this conclusion is at odds with in vitro studies of Arz III in solution. Beer's law was used to convert the slope of the absorption transient measured over the first 125 ms of a release to the rate of change of the calcium dye complex. The average rate at which the calcium-dye complex was formed was found to be 0.6 microM/ms. Two models are considered that allow calculation of a correction factor that is used to convert this value to the rate of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The magnitude of these correction factors was a function of the dye and intrinsic buffer concentrations as well as the stoichiometry of the calcium-dye reaction. After application of the correction factors, the average release rate in our fibers was calculated to range from 0.8 to 13.5 microM/ms. PMID- 3485384 TI - Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate injection mimics fertilization potentials in sea urchin eggs. AB - The effects of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and of diacylglycerol (DAG) and its analogues on the membrane potential of eggs from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were examined. Injection of IP3 into eggs resulted in a change in membrane potential that was similar in magnitude and time course to the fertilization potential elicited by sperm attachment. In low-calcium seawater, IP3 injection elicited a partial response. DAG and its analogues phorbol myristyl acetate and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol did not affect membrane potential either when applied by perfusion or when injected. The results indicate that IP3, but not DAG or its analogues, may be involved in the generation of the fertilization potential triggered by the interaction of sperm with sea urchin eggs. PMID- 3485385 TI - The application of positron emission tomography to the study of panic disorder. AB - Positron emission tomography was used to study eight patients with panic disorder who were vulnerable to lactate-induced panic, eight patients with panic disorder who were not vulnerable to lactate-induced panic, and 25 normal control subjects. Patients who were vulnerable to lactate-induced panic had several abnormalities in the resting, nonpanic state: an abnormal hemispheric asymmetry of parahippocampal blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen metabolism; abnormally high whole brain metabolism; and abnormal susceptibility to episodic hyperventilation. A hypothetical model for the neurobiology of panic disorder, involving the abnormal parahippocampal region and its afferent and efferent connections, is proposed. PMID- 3485386 TI - Colonic vascular ectasias and aortic stenosis: coincidence or causal relationship? AB - Eleven patients with vascular ectasias of the colon and associated gastrointestinal hemorrhage were evaluated. All had the clinical features associated with aortic stenosis. In two patients, the configuration of the pulse wave in the mesenteric vessel was studied. In both, the abnormal peripheral pulse wave pattern associated with aortic stenosis was also transmitted to the ileocolic artery, where it differed quite clearly from the pattern in control patients. In a parallel study, the computer records of 3,623 patients with aortic or mitral stenosis admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital over a 10 year period were reviewed for the presence of cryptogenic gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Twenty one of 1,811 patients with aortic stenosis but only 1 of 1,812 patients with mitral stenosis had concomitant gastrointestinal hemorrhage (chi-square = 18, p less than 0.001). These data suggest that the cause of colonic vascular ectasias should be attributed to pathologic abnormalities of the arterial inflow pulse wave, rather than to chronic intermittent submucosal venous outflow obstruction. PMID- 3485387 TI - Blood transfusion, skin test reactivity, and lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes, T and B cell counts, and skin test reactivity to five recall antigens were determined before operation and 6 to 18 months after operation with or without blood transfusion in 59 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Significantly reduced preoperative peripheral lymphocyte and T cell counts reached normal levels 6 to 18 months after operation in patients who had not received perioperative blood transfusions. However, lymphocytes and T cells of transfused patients remained decreased, unchanged from preoperative levels, and significantly lower than those of control subjects (p less than 0.005) and levels of patients who had not been transfused (p less than 0.05). Before operation, transfused and untransfused patients were identical in age, Crohn's disease activity index, and peripheral lymphocyte and T and B cell counts. Equal numbers of patients were taking steroids and were anergic to skin tests with five recall antigens. Transfused patients weighed less preoperatively than untransfused patients, and these patients then gained a significant amount of weight. These results suggest that some of the immunologic abnormalities that accompany inflammatory bowel disease may be influenced by blood transfusions. PMID- 3485388 TI - Graft-versus-host reaction in small bowel transplantation and possibilities for its circumvention. AB - To describe GVHR in small bowel transplantation and its underlying mechanisms and to find methods for circumventing that response, accessory small bowel transplantation was carried out in the rat model. Animals not treated with cyclosporine, irradiation, or removal of the mesenteric lymph nodes of the graft died within 22 days postoperatively due to graft versus host disease. Mesenteric lymph nodes of the graft and recipient spleen and peripheral lymph nodes showed strong immunologic stimulation histologically and high antihost T-cell-mediated cytotoxic antihost reactivity. Seventy-one percent of the animals that had received 15 mg of cyclosporine per kilogram body weight orally survived 150 days after transplantation. After donor irradiation with 50 rads, 77 percent of the recipients survived 120 days. After microsurgical removal of the mesenteric lymph nodes of the graft, 89 percent survived 120 days. We conclude that GVHR plays an important role in small bowel transplantation and that the experimental regimens of donor, graft, and recipient treatment described herein have proved their efficacy for circumventing GVHR. PMID- 3485389 TI - "Cholinergic" postsynaptic membranes of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia: electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. AB - "Cholinergic" synapses of the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells were investigated with thin sectioning, complementary freeze-fracturing, and deep etching methods after glutaraldehyde fixation. The protoplasmic (-fracture) face (PF) of the postsynaptic membrane was characterized by intramembranous particles (IMPs), 3,500/micron 2 in density, consisting of larger particles, 10-12 nm in diameter, and smaller ones, 8-9 nm; the complementary exoplasmic (-fracture) face (EF) contained larger and smaller IMPs, 750/micron 2 in density, and numbers of pits. By close inspection of the sections and freeze-fracture replicas at high magnification and with deep-etching in particular, it was concluded that aggregated IMPs might represent transmembranous components and that the particulate entities existing in the postsynaptic active zones might be larger in number than those exposed to view and counted here in the "cholinergic" synapses. An individual IMP often appeared to consist of five or six subunits arranged in a rosette with a central pit. These findings suggest that the aggregated IMPs, particularly the larger ones, may be closely related to the structure of the nicotinic ACh receptor-ion channel complex. PMID- 3485390 TI - Lidocaine enhances intraoperative ventricular defibrillation. AB - The efficacy of lidocaine during myocardial reperfusion in coronary artery bypass surgery was evaluated in 20 patients randomly assigned to a control group (n = 10) or to receive lidocaine, 1 mg/kg intravenously 5 min before aortic unclamping and cardiac reperfusion, followed by infusion at 40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 (n = 10). We recorded ECG leads II and V5 continuously, and number, energy, and current of direct current (DC) shocks starting at 1 joule. The number of low energy DC shocks to sustained defibrillation (5.5 +/- 2.0 vs 3.5 +/- 2.0, mean +/ SD, P less than 0.05) decreased significantly with lidocaine infusion. The energy (11.0 +/- 6.3 vs 5.6 +/- 3.9 joules, P less than 0.05) and current (12.7 +/- 4.2 vs 8.9 +/- 4.7 amperes, not significant) likewise decreased with lidocaine infusion. Energy and current for the first successful shock, although lower in the lidocaine group, were not statistically significantly lower than in the control group. Initial reperfusion rhythm was not influenced by lidocaine. Plasma electrolyte levels, arterial blood gas tensions, myocardial temperature, and surgical technique--factors known to influence defibrillation--were similar in all patients. Administration of lidocaine during myocardial reperfusion allows defibrillation with fewer DC shocks of lower energy and current. PMID- 3485391 TI - Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia during coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3485392 TI - Prevention and management of ischemic complications of vein harvest incisions in cardiac surgery--case reports. AB - Leg wound complications following saphenous vein harvest for coronary revascularization are uncommon. We have encountered five patients in whom unrecognized arterial occlusive disease contributed to wound necrosis. All required vascular reconstruction in addition to local wound care to achieve healing. Careful preoperative attention to symptoms of arterial insufficiency is recommended and appropriate modification of lower extremity incisions may reduce the frequency of this complication. Prompt recognition and appropriate arterial revascularization should avoid prolonged morbidity if ischemic necrosis of leg wounds does occur. If arterial reconstruction is required, PTFE is an acceptable graft material if the remaining saphenous vein is inadequate for use. PMID- 3485393 TI - Components of class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents. AB - A statistical comparison of cross-sectional cephalometric records of Class III malocclusion subjects from ages 5-15 with serial Class I controls, finding strong tendencies for early appearance of distinctive characteristics. PMID- 3485394 TI - The clinical usefulness of different forms of alpha-1-protease inhibitor. PMID- 3485395 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic disorder of unknown cause, is associated with a variety of well-recognized pulmonary abnormalities including interstitial lung disease. To investigate possible pathogenic events in this disorder, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 24 patients with classic or definite RA. Using radiographic and physiologic parameters as well as BAL cell differentials, 3 distinct groups emerged. Group I consisted of 9 patients with evidence of clinical interstitial lung involvement. Group II consisted of 5 patients without evidence of clinical interstitial lung disease (normal chest roentgenogram and functional testing) but who had abnormal BAL cellular differentials. The 10 remaining patients (Group III) had no evidence of clinical interstitial lung disease and had normal BAL cell differentials. Bronchoalveolar lavage in Group I had a significantly increased percentage of neutrophils (12.4 +/- 4.2; p less than 0.05) compared with Group II (2.4 +/- 0.8) and Group III (2.9 +/- 0.6). All patients in Group II had elevated BAL lymphocytes (24.4 +/- 6.4) compared with Group I (10.1 +/- 3.8; p greater than 0.05) and Group III (5.4 +/- 0.7; p less than 0.01). Both Groups I and II had detectable IgM in BAL (0.02 +/- 0.01 and 0.04 +/- 0.02 mg/mg of albumin, respectively), whereas Group III patients and normal control subjects did not (p less than 0.01). There was a marked reduction in BAL T-lymphocyte Leu 3/Leu 2A (helper/suppressor) cell ratios in Group I (0.92 +/- 0.02; p less than 0.05) compared with Group II (2.6 +/- 0.6) and Group III (1.6 +/- 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485396 TI - Bacteremia and fungemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Forty-nine episodes of bacteremia and fungemia occurred in 38 of 336 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome seen at our institution since 1980. There were five types of infections. Infections commonly associated with a T-cell immunodeficiency disorder comprised 16 episodes and included those with Salmonella species, Listeria monocytogenes, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Infections commonly associated with a B-cell immunodeficiency disorder included those with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Infections occurring with neutropenia were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus faecalis. Other infections occurring in the hospital were caused by Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, enteric gram-negative rods, Staphylococcus aureus, and mixed S. aureus and group G streptococcus. Other infections occurring out of the hospital included those with S. aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and group B streptococcus. Because two thirds of the septicemias were caused by organisms other than T-cell opportunists, these pathogens should be anticipated during diagnostic evaluation and when formulating empiric therapy. PMID- 3485397 TI - The use of a trochar to fixate a dislocated lens. AB - The surgeon can skewer a dislocated or subluxed lens with a trochar from a 25 gauge spinal needle to fixate the lens when removing it through the anterior segment. PMID- 3485398 TI - Nifedipine for postoperative blood pressure control following coronary artery vein grafts. AB - The drug control of raised blood pressure following coronary artery bypass grafting was studied in 20 patients during the early postoperative period. On a random basis, 10 patients were given intranasal nifedipine and 10 other patients received intranasal saline. If the systolic pressure was raised, it was treated by an infusion of sodium nitroprusside. The systolic pressure abated in those treated with nifedipine so that 7 of the 10 did not require any other treatment in the first hour. The reduction in pressure was accomplished without an increase in heart rate. The requirement for sodium nitroprusside to control the pressure was much less in the first hour postoperatively in the nifedipine treated group and at 4 hours, the effect of nifedipine was still apparent. This study demonstrates that intranasal nifedipine is an effective adjunct for controlling raised blood pressure in the early postoperative period. PMID- 3485400 TI - [The problems in the histopathological classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas- with special references to T-cell lymphomas]. AB - The problems of histopathological classification and diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas on discussed with special refences to 1) the low-grade T-cell lymphomas which usually exhibit fairly specific features for T-cell characteristics both morphological and clinical aspects, and 2) some of the higher-grade categories of T-cell tumors. PMID- 3485399 TI - Microsomal desaturation of stearic acid in relation to lymphocyte activation. AB - The conversion of stearic acid to oleic acid (delta 9-desaturase) was followed in mouse thymocytes stimulated by either concanavalin A or concanavalin A + interleukin-2 resulting in different rates of cell proliferation. To estimate the plasma membrane turnover of oleic acid as compared to that of a saturated fatty acid, double-label experiments ([14C]oleic acid, [3H]palmitic acid) were performed. Following an inhibition delta 9-desaturase was found to be activated from the fourth hour of stimulation. In the early period of cell activation this process proved to be independent of protein synthesis, whereas in the stage of proliferation it was dependent on it. Increased membrane fluidity in the first 30 min of activation is not likely due to enrichment of oleic acid. Cell proliferation and microsomal desaturation seem to be coupled and an increasing amount of oleic acid is at least one of the factors resulting in increased fluidity of the surface membrane of proliferating cells. PMID- 3485401 TI - [VEPA therapy in B-lymphoma]. AB - 48 previously untreated adult patients with B-lymphoma were treated with VEPA therapy. The complete remission rate was 79.2%. 48% of the patients were still alive after 4 years of the therapy. About 90% of the patients of stage II was expected to be cured by the therapy. VEPA therapy is greatly effective to B lymphoma. PMID- 3485402 TI - [Pathological features and treatment of T lymphoma]. AB - T lymphomas are classified into two types from surface phenotype, thymic T (T1) and Peripheral T (T2) lymphoma, and T2 lymphomas, are furthermore subdivided to inducer/helper (Ti/h or T4) and cytotoxic/suppressor (Tc/s or T8) type. But even in ATLL (adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma) believed to be a model of Ti/h type, the heterogeneities of surface phenotype are reported frequently. All of the pleomorphic and lymphoblastic and a part of small cell, medium-sized cell, mixed and large cell types have a T-cell phenotype. In addition to these histologies, AILD/IBL/IBL-like T lymphoma, T-zone lymphoma and So-called Lennert's lymphoma also hold T-cell nature. The heterogenecity and the existence of the borderline area between neoplasm and reactive lymphadenitis or hyperplasia often confused the clinicians and hematopathologists. From our experience, forty nine percent 5 year survival of T lymphoma other than lymphoblastic and pleomorphic type suggests the propriety of classifying T lymphoma into high grade and intermediate grade malignancies. Treatment of T lymphomas are basically distinguishable to two categories, for T1 and T2 lymphomas. The treatment of T1 lymphoma should be an aggressive one including CNS prophylaxis. At present, the recommendable treatment of T2 lymphoma is to apply the best regimens obtained from B cell lymphoma study. As aggressive treatment for ATL does not always yield favorable results, the concept of therapy will become clear near future. An intensive supportive therapy including T-S prophylaxis should be combined actively in the treatment program. PMID- 3485403 TI - Histiocytosis X. PMID- 3485404 TI - Immunoregulatory treatment for minimal change nephrotic syndrome. AB - Immunological studies were performed in 18 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome proved by biopsy examination during relapse and in 15 age matched controls. All 18 children showed dysfunction of cell mediated immunity as evidenced by low absolute lymphocyte count, low blastogenesis index in response to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation, and reduced skin sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene when compared with controls. All 18 patients had low serum IgG concentrations, while the IgA, IgM, and C3 concentrations in the serum were within normal limits. Based on the evidence of depressed cell mediated immunity, 14 patients with nephrotic syndrome were treated with an immunoregulatory drug l tetramisole (levamisole) for a period of 20-24 weeks. Six patients went into complete remission within 4-20 weeks of treatment, a further six patients went into partial remission, while two did not respond. On follow up (six to 24 months after stopping levamisole), of the six patients who achieved complete remission, four continued to maintain the state and two relapsed after roughly six months. Of the six patients who achieved partial remission, two went into complete remission, two continued to be in partial remission, and two relapsed. PMID- 3485405 TI - Antinuclear antibody studies in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - This study of children with chronic arthritis confirms that patients at greatest risk for chronic iridocyclitis have a young age of onset and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Children who are ANA negative have a low risk of iridocyclitis. When it occurs it is at a significantly older age. No child developing juvenile chronic arthritis over 9, even with positive ANA, had chronic iritis. There was remarkable variation in ANA titres; these correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, active arthritis, and iridocyclitis. Maximum ANA titres were often seen very early in the disease but at this time were usually not associated with a poor prognosis. Histocompatibility antigens A2 and DRw8 were significantly increased, suggesting primary associations in pauciarticular arthritis with ANA. HLA-DR5 was associated with mild forms of arthritis and with absence of, or only mild, iritis. HLA-B15/w62 was associated with severe forms of eye involvement. PMID- 3485406 TI - Ectopic pregnancy--an analysis of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment in 552 cases. AB - An analysis of the clinical data of 552 patients treated for ectopic pregnancy during 1973-82 in our hospital showed that the prevalence of this complication rose twofold (P less than 0.01) from an annual rate of 10.9 per thousand in 1973 to 20.9 per thousand in 1982. As regards parity distribution, the proportion of the 2-paras increased significantly (P less than 0.05) and this increase was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than in the total population of parturients during this period. The increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancies had a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05) with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD), but not with previous or present pelvic inflammatory disease or gynaecological or abdominal surgery. Because the 158 patients with an IUD in situ (34%) had a significantly less frequent past history of salpingitis, pelvic operation, infertility, ectopic pregnancy or spontaneous abortion and had less actual pelvic inflammatory changes than the 259 patients without contraception (57%), the IUD seemed to be directly involved with the increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. In the present study lower abdominal pain occurred in 97% of the patients and menstrual disorders in 93%; pelvic examination revealed adnexal mass in 63% and adnexal tenderness in 90% of the patients. Laparoscopy, a sensitive urinary pregnancy test (detection limit 75 IU/1) and culdocentesis were the most important factors in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy as evidenced by positive results in 97, 90 and 83% of the cases, respectively. Due to improved diagnostic procedures the annual rate of an unruptured tube at operation increased from 49% to 73% during the study period. PMID- 3485408 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27, and Klebsiella: a study of lymphocyte reactivity of anti-Klebsiella sera. AB - Twenty three anti-Klebsiella antisera were tested for their cytotoxic activity and four for their binding capacity for peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with HLA-B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis (AS+B27+) and from B27 positive (AS-B27+) and B27 negative (AS-B27-) healthy individuals. None of the antisera showed specific activity against PBL from any particular group. The antisera tested included two anti-Klebsiella K43 sera provided by an Australian group, who have reported them to be specifically cytotoxic for AS+B27+ PBL, four antisera raised against a Klebsiella K43 strain provided by this group, and an antiserum from another group, who have reported it as having increased binding capacity for AS+B27+ and AS-B27+ PBL compared with AS-B27- PBL. The results of other workers who have attempted to reproduce the results of either group are reviewed and the possible reasons for the repeated failure to confirm the reported findings are discussed. PMID- 3485407 TI - Platelet releasing activity in sera of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. AB - Platelet releasing activity was found in sera fractionated by 30% ammonium sulphate in seven of 11 patients with systemic rheumatoid vasculitis, two of 16 patients with cutaneous rheumatoid vasculitis, and three of 18 patients with clinically uncomplicated rheumatoid arthritis. Serial studies in three patients suggest a key role of platelet activation by serum factors in the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatoid vasculitis. IgG rheumatoid factor or IgG containing immune complexes, or both, may be responsible for this platelet releasing activity. PMID- 3485409 TI - Brucellar arthritis in children and its successful treatment with trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole). AB - The clinical characteristics and the response to treatment with high doses of co trimoxazole in 12 children with brucellar arthritis were analysed retrospectively. The children lived in an urban area and all but two had a history of unprocessed milk or cheese ingestion. Fever and oligoarthritis of the lower extremities were the most common clinical findings. Control of the disease was achieved by three months of treatment. Compliance with the medication was excellent, and no significant side effects occurred. PMID- 3485410 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. PMID- 3485411 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27, and klebsiella. PMID- 3485412 TI - Role of blood transfusion in organ system failure following major abdominal surgery. AB - Using multivariate probit analysis, the data of 565 patients who underwent major abdominal surgery were retrospectively analyzed, and the etiologic role of blood transfusion in organ system failure (OSF), which includes respiratory failure, gastrointestinal stress bleeding, renal failure, nonobstructive, nonhepatitic jaundice, and coagulopathy, was studied. Apart from the amount of blood transfusion, the following factors were included in the analysis as possible contributors to OSF: age, preoperative hematocrit, organ failure risk (diffuse peritonitis, obstructive cholangitis, liver cirrhosis, terminal cancer, and hemorrhagic shock), operative time, blood loss, and postoperative highest hematocrit. The results showed that, except for preoperative hematocrit, all the factors are statistically significant contributors, blood transfusion being the most significant. There was no statistically significant interaction between blood transfusion and organ failure risk. It is concluded that blood transfusion is an important, independent factor contributing to OSF, and its contribution cannot be attributed to the underlying conditions that require blood transfusion. PMID- 3485414 TI - Coronary bypass surgery highlights blood vessel biology. PMID- 3485413 TI - Portal thrombosis in cirrhotics. A retrospective analysis. AB - The development of thrombotic obstruction in the portal bed of cirrhotic patients presents special problems in diagnosis and treatment. In the cirrhotic population treated for portal hypertension at our Surgical Department during the period 1967 1983 (512 patients), the incidence of thrombosis in the portal bed was 16.6% (85 patients). Bleeding was the main presenting symptom (70/85), with a mean of four episodes prior to treatment. Careful angiographic studies and intraoperative evaluation are fundamental steps to determine the exact anatomical involvement, the presence of recanalized veins or fresh occluding clots, and the applicability of shunt procedures. A massive portosplenomesenteric involvement often associated with poor surgical possibilities was found in 19 patients (22.3%). The presence of partially recanalized veins and fresh occluding clot suitable for disobliterative techniques prior to shunt was found in 16 patients, and out of 73 operated patients a total of 55 shunt procedures could be performed. Fifty-three patients who bled from varices could be followed up to 5 years: 39 underwent a shunt procedure with a 51.2% 5-year survival rate, while only one of 14 nonshunted or nonoperated survived up to 3 years, and a lethal bleeding was the cause of death in all but one. Disobliterative techniques (Fogarty thrombectomy and endovenectomy of intimal fibrotic thickenings) prior to shunting provided a good long-term patency rate with a 50% protection from lethal bleeding recurrences. Nonshunt procedures and the extensive involvement of the portal bed are associated with bad prognosis. Also, endoscopic sclerotherapy, attempted in patients with massive thrombosis, could not prevent recurrences and death from bleeding. Despite a 30% failure rate in our study, shunting surgery should be considered the only therapeutical possibility of preventing further thrombotic recurrences and consequent life threatening bleeding episodes. PMID- 3485416 TI - Lesser saphenous vein as an alternative conduit of choice in coronary bypass operations. AB - Dissatisfaction with the use of the greater cephalic vein and the ease of harvest and overall excellent quality of the lesser saphenous vein have caused us to consider this as our alternate conduit of choice when complete revascularization cannot be obtained with the internal mammary artery and greater saphenous vein. We describe our experience with this conduit and our harvesting technique and review the anatomy of this vein. PMID- 3485417 TI - Cervical thymoma. AB - A 45-year-old woman presented with a five-year history of neck swelling and occasional difficulty in swallowing. The clinical impression was of a thyroid nodule, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology revealed a monotonous lymphoid population, raising the suspicion of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. At surgery, the mass was identified at the level of the cricoid cartilage, displacing the right lobe of the thyroid gland superiorly and extending posteriorly to the prevertebral fascia. Although a frozen-section diagnosis of malignant lymphoma had been suggested at the time of surgery, permanent sections favored a diagnosis of thymoma. Surface marker studies showed the majority of cells to be of thymic T cell phenotype, and ultrastructural examination demonstrated a dual population of lymphoid and epithelial cells, thus confirming the presence of thymoma. Cervical thymomas are extremely rare and this case report illustrates the difficulties in diagnosis; we speculate that cervical thymoma may be an underdiagnosed entity. PMID- 3485415 TI - Hematological advantage of a membrane oxygenator over a bubble oxygenator in long perfusions. AB - To determine whether the large volumes of cardiotomy suction which occur during long perfusions can obscure the hematological advantage of the membrane oxygenator (MO) over the bubble oxygenator (BO), we studied 23 patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass grafting operation with an expected perfusion time of 3 hours (MO group, N = 10, SciMed spiral coil; BO group, N = 13, Shiley 100-A). During MO perfusion we found significantly higher platelet numbers, better platelet function (adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation), and less hemolysis (plasma hemoglobin), than during the BO perfusion. After the MO perfusion we measured significantly shorter bleeding times (Simplate II) and fewer transfusions of blood products. However, blood loss and whole-blood transfusions 18 hours after perfusion did not differ significantly between both groups. So in coronary artery bypass grafting operations with long perfusion times (mean, 3 hours), the MO still causes significantly less platelet and erythrocyte damage than the BO, despite the large volumes of cardiotomy suction known to occur during these operations. PMID- 3485418 TI - Solitary colonic ulcer in a spinal cord injured patient. AB - Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract is rarely reported in spinal cord injured patients. A case is reported of such bleeding in a quadriplegic man with a solitary colonic ulcer diagnosed by flexible sigmoidoscopy and biopsy. The diagnosis of solitary colonic ulcers is difficult to make in spinal cord injured persons because presenting features may be masked by the neurologic deficits caused by the injury or may be falsely attributed to problems associated with the injury or to iatrogenic trauma. Solitary colonic ulcer should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding in persons with spinal cord injury. Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is recommended for visualization and biopsy of the bleeding lesion. PMID- 3485419 TI - Colonoscopy as a primary diagnostic procedure in chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding. AB - We compared the use of barium enema (BE) and colonoscopy in evaluating patients with chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding by dividing into three groups 329 consecutive colonoscopies and 207 consecutive BE examinations done with chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding as an indication. In the first group, of 96 patients with negative results of BE studies, subsequent colonoscopy showed carcinoma of the colon in 16%, polyps larger than 1 cm in 21%, and other causes in 20%. In 43% the colonoscopy gave negative results or was incomplete. In the other two groups we directly compared findings of the 207 BE and the 233 remaining colonoscopies when each was used as a primary diagnostic test. Colonoscopy was found to have fewer negative results (74% vs 43%), fewer inconclusive examinations requiring repeat (19% vs 3%), and more positive correct findings to explain the cause of bleeding (54% vs 5%). PMID- 3485420 TI - Massive arterial hemorrhage in patients with pancreatitis. Complementary roles of surgery and transcatheter occlusive techniques. AB - Massive arterial hemorrhage from multiple sites caused by tissue injury and infection following severe pancreatitis occurred in 12 patients, who were treated with the combination of angiographic embolization techniques and surgery; five survived. Complete hemostasis was obtained in eight of 12 patients who underwent primary angiographic therapy. Bleeding was temporarily controlled in two patients, who then underwent directed surgical ligation of the bleeding vessel under more favorable conditions. In two patients, bleeding was not controlled. The use of permanent occluding materials, particularly bucrylate, resulted in the highest success rate. When the bleeding artery could not be individually catheterized for safe occlusion, balloon occlusion or vasopressin infusion stabilized the patient's condition, with a decrease in the rate of bleeding prior to subsequent surgical therapy. Inadequate control of further tissue necrosis and sepsis was the cause of death in five of the seven patients who died. The other two patients died of recurrent hemorrhage despite attempts at both arteriographic occlusion and surgical ligation. PMID- 3485422 TI - Macular infarction after endophthalmitis treated with vitrectomy and intravitreal gentamicin. AB - We encountered two cases of macular infarction that occurred after vitrectomy performed for mild endophthalmitis, which, on culture, yielded Staphylococcus epidermidis. At the end of each vitrectomy, 0.4 mg of gentamicin, 1.0 mg of cefazolin, and 0.32 mg of dexamethasone were injected into the vitreous cavity. We are concerned that the macular lesion was a retinal toxic effect of gentamicin because of the recent description of similar lesions occurring after the inadvertent intraocular injection of massive doses of this drug. PMID- 3485421 TI - [Reflexotherapeutic effects on biologically active points of the concha auriculae]. AB - By means of histochemical method, for revealing cholinergic nervous structures, and electron microscopy, innervation of biologically active points (BAP) and that of neutral areas of the rabbit ear skin has been studied, normal and after acu-, electro- and electroacupuncture. The BAP have more intensive vascularization and innervation, their specific feature is presence of well pronounced nervous fasciculi. The latter are formed by 6-10 fibers 1-6 mcm in diameter. The diameter of the fasciculi is within the limits 25-30 mcm up to 40-45 mcm. Under the electron microscopic investigation myelin and amyelin fibers are revealed in the nervous fasciculi. In the area of the epidermal basal layer and in the epidermis itself, single nerve terminals are found; they are considered as the point pain receptors. After acu-, electro- and electroacupuncture, intensity of the nervous fibers staining increases, thus demonstrating an increment of acetylcholine esterase activity. After insertion of acupuncture needles and after electrical irritation, the changes in the nervous and cellular elements in the BAP areas are studied electron microscopically. After the effects mentioned, mast cells situating in the BAP area become, as a rule, degranulated. After repeated electroacupuncture irritation of the BAP, an inflammatory focus appears with peculiarities specific for the given process. The reflexotherapeutic effect is supposed to be transferred via the nervous system. The mechanical irritation of the nerve fasciculi and the accompanying traumatization of the surrounding cellular elements initiate the mechanism of reflexotherapy. PMID- 3485424 TI - Behavior of larval and juvenile bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) following chronic spinal transection. AB - The behavior of larval and juvenile bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) was examined for 32 days following cervical spinal transection. The threshold for cutaneously elicited hindlimb withdrawal was not changed at either stage of development but righting reflexes were abolished. Forelimb postural support of juveniles was abolished by the transection but recovered within 3 days. Hindlimb posture was normal and hopping could be elicited by stimulation of the rump with a blunt wire probe. Undulatory swimming of larvae was abolished by the transection but began to recover approximately 1 week later. The hindlimbs of larvae were very active following the transection and displayed long sequences of coordinated stepping in response to a variety of stimuli. Gross examination of the spinal cord in situ after 32 days suggested that fibers may have grown across the transection site. Retransection at the site of the original transection on Postoperative Day 33 had no discernable effect on the behavior juveniles or on the stepping of larvae, but it abolished recovered swimming of larvae. Deafferentation of lumbar segments of larvae eliminated stepping but had no effect on swimming. Deafferentation of cervical segments eliminated forelimb support in juveniles. These results suggest that recovery of larval swimming depends at least in part upon the growth of fibers across the transection site. Stepping of spinal larvae appears to be mediated by proprioceptive reflexes rather than by central pattern generators, and in the normal animal is probably under the control of descending inhibition. Recovery of posture and hopping in juveniles was much more rapid than that described for adult frogs and does not depend on growth across the transection site. PMID- 3485423 TI - Development of coronary atherosclerosis in swine with severe hypercholesterolemia. Lack of influence of von Willebrand factor or acute intimal injury. AB - The development of coronary atherosclerosis in response to acute intimal injury and severe hypercholesterolemia was studied in 18 swine, nine normal and nine with von Willebrand's disease, an inherited disorder affecting platelet-vessel wall interactions. The left anterior descending coronary artery was denuded of endothelium by balloon catheterization, while the circumflex and right coronary arteries served as nonballooned controls. All swine were maintained on a 2% cholesterol diet for 4 months. The extent of atherosclerotic involvement was evaluated from four indices: percent intimal area, percent luminal narrowing, ratio of intimal to medial area, and luminal form. No differences in coronary atherosclerosis were observed between phenotypes in either ballooned or nonballooned vessels, nor were there any differences between ballooned and nonballooned vessels within either phenotype (p greater than 0.05). The major variable affecting coronary atherosclerosis was serum cholesterol. There was a significant positive relationship between serum cholesterol concentration and the extent of intimal lesions (r = 0.62, p = 0.006) that was independent of plasma von Willebrand factor concentration. These findings suggest that severe hypercholesterolemia promotes the development of porcine coronary atherosclerosis through a mechanism(s) that is independent of acute intimal injury or von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet response to injury. PMID- 3485426 TI - 1H, 13C and 31P n.m.r. spectra and molecular conformation of myo-inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate. AB - Multinuclear n.m.r. spectroscopy has been used to confirm the identify of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and to deduce its molecular conformation as having five equatorial and one axial ring substituents. PMID- 3485425 TI - Translocation of phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase in B-lymphocytes activated by phorbol ester or cross-linking of membrane immunoglobulin. AB - Stimulation of peripheral-blood B-lymphocytes with phorbol ester or anti immunoglobulin demonstrated intracellular translocation of phospholipid/Ca2+ dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) activity from cytosol to membrane fractions. This phenomenon, which was dose- and time-dependent, was found in both normal and chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia B-cells. This suggests that C-kinase-dependent protein phosphorylation may be related to membrane receptor occupation and may therefore be important in B-lymphocyte responses. PMID- 3485427 TI - Complement subcomponent C1q secreted by cultured human monocytes has subunit structure identical with that of serum C1q. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e.l.i.s.a.) that is capable of quantifying C1q concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml and a sensitive haemolytic assay were used to study the appearance of material that cross-reacts with human serum C1q as well as C1q haemolytic activity in human monocyte culture media. This material was detected in the medium after 10-14 days and continued to be secreted through to day 28 of culture, at which time the cultures were terminated. Material specifically immunoabsorbed with Sepharose-anti-C1q antibody from a culture medium of cells that was metabolically labelled with [3H] proline or [35S] methionine demonstrated a polypeptide pattern identical with that of serum C1q on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Under non-reducing conditions two protein bands were detected migrating with the same Rf values as the serum C1q A-B and C C dimers. On reduction three bands were evident, which migrated identically with the A, B and C chains of serum C1q. The amount of radioactivity in these bands increased with time in culture, consistent with the e.l.i.s.a. and haemolytic C1q assays. These bands were reactive with monospecific anti-C1q antibody after transfer to nitrocellulose. PMID- 3485428 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase by pyridine derivatives and its possible relation to experimental and idiopathic parkinsonism. AB - 4-Phenyl-N-methylpyridinium (MPP+), the oxidation product of the neurotoxic amine MPTP, is considerably more inhibitory to the oxidation of NAD+-linked substrates in intact mitochondria in State 3 than is 4-phenylpyridine. On adding uncouplers, the inhibition by MPP+ progressively diminishes, while the effect of 4 phenylpyridine remains. This is in accord with the fact that MPP+ is rapidly concentrated in the mitochondria by an energy-dependent process, while 4 phenylpyridine seems to enter passively with the concentration gradient. Collapse of the electrical gradient after addition of uncouplers thus leaves the inhibition by 4-phenylpyridine unaffected but causes efflux of MPP+ from the mitochondria and a reversal of its inhibitory action. In isolated inner membranes the inhibition of NADH oxidation via the respiratory chain by 4-phenylpyridine is much greater than by MPP+. MPTP and 4-phenyl-N-methylpyridinone also inhibit more than MPP+, whereas N-methylpyridinium has relatively little effect. The block is not at the point of entry of electrons into the flavoprotein since the NADH ferricyanide activity is not inhibited by MPP+ at Vmax. PMID- 3485429 TI - Hydroxycholecalciferols modulate parathyroid hormone and calcitonin sensitive adenylyl cyclase in bone and kidney of rats. A possible physiological role for 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. AB - In particulate fractions from rat bone cells, but not from kidney, 24,25-(OH)2 D3 inhibits in a dose dependent manner (1 nM and above) the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-activated adenylyl cyclase. In contrast, 24,25-(OH)2D3 enhances the calcitonin (CT) stimulated cyclase in bone, but attenuates the CT-induced cyclase response in kidney. In supranormal concentrations 1,25-(OH)2D3 is also able to reduce the PTH-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in bone. In comparison, neither vitamin D3 metabolite interferes with stimulation of adenylyl cyclase from pituitary cell membranes by thyroliberin (TRH) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). These findings may have important therapeutical consequences in preventing excessive PTH action and bone demineralization. PMID- 3485430 TI - Collagen antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Significance of antibodies to denatured collagen and their association with HLA-DR4. AB - The frequency, specificity, and HLA associations of antibodies to collagen were examined in 54 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 67 control subjects, using native and denatured bovine type II collagen as reactants in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Reactivity to denatured collagen was significantly higher in the RA patients than in the controls (P = 0.004). Reactivity to native collagen was substantially lower than reactivity to denatured collagen and was similar in RA patients and controls. DR4 positive RA patients had significantly greater reactivity to denatured collagen compared with DR4 negative RA patients (P = 0.03), but levels of antibody to native collagen were similar among DR4 positive and DR4 negative patients. These data lend support to the idea that denatured collagen is an important secondary reactant in immune-mediated perpetuation of RA. PMID- 3485431 TI - Anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Clinical, serologic, and genetic findings in Sjogren's syndrome patients were correlated with quantitative determinations for antibody against Ro (SS-A), La (SS-B), and nRNP (Sm) using newly developed, sensitive solid-phase assays. In 86 Sjogren's syndrome patient sera, more than 96% had anti-Ro (SS-A), and 87% had anti-La (SS-B), spanning a 4.8 log10 range of autoantibody concentration, whereas only 95% of the patients had anti-nRNP (Sm). Low levels of anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) were found in 10% and 12.5%, respectively, of the 40 normal control sera. In Sjogren's syndrome patients, the level of anti-Ro (SS-A) correlated strongly with that of anti-La (SS-B) (r = 0.80; P less than 0.0001) but not with the level of anti-nRNP (Sm). We found much higher levels of anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) in patients with purpura, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and increased polyclonal gamma globulins than in those without these conditions (between 4.3-fold and 17-fold higher; P less than 0.001 to P less than 0.05). Anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) levels correlated with the rheumatoid factor titer and with the concentrations of total globulin, IgG, and IgA, but not with the IgM concentration. The association of rheumatoid factor titer with levels of anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B) occurred only in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Antinuclear antibody titers correlated with levels of anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-nRNP (Sm). HLA-DR3-positive patients had higher levels of anti-Ro (SS-A) and anti-La (SS-B). PMID- 3485432 TI - Abnormal B cell function in patients with Behcet's disease. AB - We evaluated B lymphocyte function in 23 patients with Behcet's disease at various stages. The patients with active disease, but not those with inactive disease, were found to have elevated numbers of cells spontaneously secreting immunoglobulin and a decreased B cell response to the T cell-independent B cell mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1. Moreover, B cells from almost all patients with Behcet's disease were unresponsive to the T cell-dependent polyclonal activator, pokeweed mitogen. These results indicate that B cell abnormalities, including some which are associated with disease activity, could be involved in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease. PMID- 3485433 TI - A study of classification criteria for a diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Criteria for the classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were analyzed in a detailed database of 250 children in order to assess the accuracy of diagnosis and validity of onset types and course subtypes. A number of conclusions have been derived from this study: All definitions of the 1973 criteria for classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis should be retained. The addition of onset types to the 1976 revision of the criteria has been validated. The course of the disease after the onset period of 6 months is as important to the outcome of a group of children as is the onset type. The current classification should be broadened to include the course subtypes. PMID- 3485434 TI - HLA-Bw35 and mucocutaneous toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with gold. PMID- 3485435 TI - [Control of malaria--chemotherapy and immunoprophylaxis. 1. Chemotherapy]. AB - A survey on the advances of the fight against malaria is given, and the present world-wide situation of this disease is described including the important role World Health Organization (WHO) is playing in this fight. The chapter on chemotherapy deals with recent progress in this field with special regard to mefloquine and quinghaosu, but other newer compounds are also discussed. The prospects of vaccination against malaria in general are considered, and the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments using antigens from sporozoites, asexual blood stages and gametocytes are reported. Humoral and cellular immunity and their part in the immune response of the infected host are evaluated as well as the progress in the continuous cultivation of the malaria parasites. Finally, the perspectives of the fight against malaria in the years to come are discussed. PMID- 3485436 TI - Arthroscopic treatment of the septic knee. AB - Pyarthrosis of the knee was treated in 30 patients by arthroscopic decompression and lavage, coupled with parenteral and oral antibiotics. There were 21 men and nine women patients whose ages ranged from 6 months to 65 years of age. Twenty two patients were considered to have a hematogenous origin as a cause of their pyarthrosis, and eight were caused by penetrating trauma. Twenty-eight of these patients had the onset of symptoms within 72 h prior to arthroscopy. Two adults had the onset of their symptoms 1 week prior to treatment. Follow-up has ranged from 6 months to 5 years. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 20 knees, Streptococcus pneumonia in three knees, Haemophilus influenzae in four knees, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in one knee. The average hospital stay among 22 children aged 12 years or younger was 3.50 days. The other eight patients had an average hospital stay of 9.50 days. Three adults with diabetes and other medical problems, such as renal failure, had an average hospital stay of 17.33 days. Excellent results were obtained in 28 (93.3%) of 30 patients and good results were obtained in two (6.7%) of 30 patients. There were no poor results or recurrences, and no cases of osteomyelitis occurred. This method of treatment markedly reduces the morbidity and hospital stay of patients with a septic knee. PMID- 3485437 TI - Five year survival after concomitant pulmonary embolectomy and coronary artery bypass. PMID- 3485438 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Meniere's disease. AB - Sixty-six patients with Meniere's disease were studied for possible general immunologic abnormalities. The disease was bilateral in 20 cases, causing active symptoms in 49. Thirty-six healthy control subjects were also studied. Immune activity was assessed by quantitative measurement of the circulating immune complexes, serum immunoglobulin assay, and acetate electrophoresis, and by an autoantibody screen to a battery of ten general tissue antigens. Thirty-six (54.5%) of the 66 patients with Meniere's disease were found to have significantly raised circulating immune complex levels compared with one (2.9%) of the 36 controls. A statistically significant increased incidence of autoantibodies was also found in the Meniere's group. PMID- 3485439 TI - Changes in functional residual capacity during cardiac surgery. AB - A gas washout technique was used to measure the functional residual capacity (FRC) in eight patients during anaesthesia for cardiac surgery. The patients were anaesthetized with droperidol, fentanyl and nitrous oxide, alcuronium was given and the lungs were ventilated with a volume controlled ventilator. FRC was measured at three stages before skin incision, after sternotomy but before cardiopulmonary bypass, and after closure of the sternum. The pleural cavities were intact in all patients during the operation. FRC before skin incision was 1.7 +/- 0.5 litre (mean +/- 1 SD). A 55% mean increase in volume was noted after sternotomy and placement of the sternal retractor (P less than 0.001). Mean FRC after sternal closure was 16% lower than the preincision value (P less than 0.05). Arterial Po2 was measured in 22 other patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and in whom F/o2 was 0.5. Pao2 increased significantly when the sternum was opened, but decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass. There was a further significant decrease on closure of the sternum. PMID- 3485440 TI - In vitro immunosuppressive potency of deflazacort, a new bone-sparing corticosteroid on T lymphocytes, NK and K cells. AB - The in vitro immunosuppressive effect of deflazacort, a new bone-sparing glucocorticoid, and its biologically active metabolite, 21-deacetyl-deflazacort, was examined on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as well as on natural killer (NK) and killer (K) cell activity. Deflazacort and the 21-deacetyl metabolite were as potent as prednisolone and hydrocortisone in suppressing PHA stimulated lymphocytes in a dose dependent way, but all were less potent than methylprednisolone. The physiological metabolites of hydrocortisone, dihydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisol were without any immunosuppressive effects in vitro. Deflazacort, 21-deacetyl-deflazacort, and methylprednisolone suppressed NK cell activity, while hydrocortisone and aldosterone had no effect on NK cells. K cell activity was resistent to all tested glucocorticoids except methylprednisolone at high concentrations. The present results indicate that deflazacort and 21-deacetyl-deflazacort are potent immunosuppressive drugs in vitro and, on a molar basis, equally as potent as prednisolone. PMID- 3485442 TI - Neurological complications in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Five patients with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (four with mycosis fungoides and one with a primary cutaneous T-immunoblastic lymphoma) who developed neurological sequelae are reported. In four of them, central nervous system involvement could be demonstrated at autopsy. The importance of early cerebrospinal fluid examination in these patients is stressed. PMID- 3485441 TI - Morphological and isoenzymatic differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells induced by phorbolester. AB - Fresh leukaemia cells from the peripheral blood of 6 patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the continuous presence of the phorbolester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) for in vitro induction of differentiation. Upon treatment with TPA the cells showed distinct morphological changes consisting of cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement, vacuolisation and protrusion of cytoplasm, eccentric location of nuclei with perinuclear clear zones, and oval to elongated cell forms. Isoenzyme profiles of the enzymes carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analysed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. An increase in the number and in the staining intensity of isoenzymes were observed for all 4 enzymes in the TPA-exposed cells indicating a maturation along the B cell pathway. TPA triggered the new expression of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme, a marker of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) cells, and of the hexosaminidase I isoenzyme, a marker of multiple myeloma cells. The induced phenotypic changes are suggestive of differentiation to stages corresponding to those of HCL cells or 'pre-plasma cells'. PMID- 3485444 TI - Glycosylation site of band 3, the human erythrocyte anion-exchange protein. AB - The band 3 protein has a single glycosylation site on the carboxy-terminal 55 000 dalton tryptic fragment that defines a sequence of the polypeptide on the extracytoplasmic surface of the cell. To locate this site, a novel procedure involving end labeling of the 55 000-dalton tryptic fragment was used. Peptides resulting from partial proteolysis of the end radiolabeled glycoprotein were separated by lectin-Sepharose chromatography and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The smallest fragment observed defined the distance between the glycosylation site and the amino terminus. The procedure was first tested on a protein for which the location of the glycosylation site is known, HLA-B7 antigen. It was then used to show that the glycosylation site of human band 3 is 28 000 +/- 3000 daltons from the carboxy terminus of the protein. PMID- 3485443 TI - Studies on immunological assay of vitamin-K dependent factors. III. A double monoclonal immunoradiometric assay for factor IX antigen. AB - Two-site immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) for factor IX antigen (IX:Ag) were developed using a monoclonal antibody (RFF-IX/1) on the solid-phase and either another monoclonal antibody (RFF-IX/4) or a human polyclonal inhibitor antiserum as tracer (M-M and M-I IRMA respectively). The lower sensitivity limits of these two assays for IX:Ag in normal reference plasma were 4 X 10(-4) (M-M IRMA) and 2 X 10(-4) (M-I IRMA) units/ml. In 20 samples of normal plasma, levels of factor IX coagulation activity (IX:C) and of factor IX antigen measured by both IRMAs were highly correlated. Mean values of approximately 1.0 units/ml were obtained in all three assays. In normal serum, IX:Ag levels were lower with means of 0.84 (M-M IRMA) and 0.83 (M-I IRMA) units/ml. 4/25 patients with haemophilia B were CRM neg., two were CRM + and the remaining 19 patients were CRMr variants. In two of these, IX:Ag was detectable by M-I IRMA whilst IX:C and IX:Ag measured by M-M IRMA were undetectable. In plasma from a fetus subsequently terminated on eugenic grounds, IX:C and IX:Ag by both M-M and M-I IRMA were undetectable. In warfarin treated plasma (n = 12), the level of IX:C was low (mean 0.39 units/ml). The levels of IX:Ag measured by M-M IRMA (mean of 0.80 units/ml) and by M-I IRMA (0.70 units/ml) showed a discrepancy. M-M IRMA reflects the real amount of IX:Ag in warfarinized plasma because both monoclonal antibodies bind to epitopes distant from the light chain carboxylated region. Western blotting of denatured factor IX demonstrated that RFF-IX/1 binds an epitope that is lost after XIa activation. RFF-IX/4 binds the heavy chain. Antigen measured after activation but without denaturing showed loss of 60% reactivity after XIa activation but no change after RVV activation. These data indicate a binding site for RFF-IX/1 within the activation peptide (residues 146-180). PMID- 3485445 TI - On the electrical conductivity of rhodopsin solutions. AB - Measurements were made on the conductivity of digitonin extracts of frog rhodopsin with and without previous light exposure. The light-dark difference in conductivity is observed at low concentrations of rhodopsin and detergent. PMID- 3485446 TI - The relationship between mitogen-induced membrane potential changes and intracellular free calcium in human T-lymphocytes. AB - We have investigated the effects of mitogenic lectins on human T-lymphocytes, isolated from peripheral blood, and cells from the T-cell clone, HPB-ALL, using the fluorescent dyes, bis-thiobarbiturate tri-methineoxonol (bisoxonol) and quin2 to sense changes in membrane potential and intracellular free [Ca2+], respectively. The resting potential of both cell types is close to the K+ equilibrium potential. Changes from the resting level occur when mitogenic concentrations of either concanavalin A or phytohaemagglutinin are added. T lymphocytes undergo a decrease in emission, maximal at 1 to 2 min, corresponding to a small membrane hyperpolarization. This is followed by a depolarization to approximately the resting level. HPB-ALL cells, on the other hand, respond to the mitogens by a sustained increase in fluorescence, denoting a depolarization, that is maximal at 4 to 5 min and 7 to 9 min, respectively. The Ca2+-dependence of these phenomena indicates that the membrane potential response, in both cell types, is the resultant of two opposing effects: a Ca2+-sensitive ion movement tending to hyperpolarize the cells and a Ca2+-insensitive effect that generates a depolarization. Our results suggest that Ca2+-activated K+ channels are responsible for the first effect and that an inward Na+ movement accounts for the depolarization signal in T-lymphocytes. In HPB-ALL cells only part of the depolarization is Na+-dependent. Although the effects elicited by phytohaemagglutinin occur more slowly than those produced by concanavalin A, similar membrane potential and [Ca2+]i changes occur. PMID- 3485447 TI - [Changes in carnosine levels in muscles working in different regimens of stimulation]. AB - Carnosine content in muscles functioning under single or tetanic (both direct and indirect) contractions, in the period of active contractility (within the first 10 min of experiment) and in fatigued muscles was determined. In exercising muscle, carnosine content was shown to decrease. The loss of the dipeptide during active contractions was, on the average, 10.5%; that at fatigue--13.8%. At exercise (single contractions), the decrease of carnosine was higher than in the muscles functioning in a short tetanus regime. It was shown that the previously described phenomenon of fatigue elimination by carnosine addition to the Ringer solution washing the muscle is concomitant with the elevation (by 12%) of the intramuscular concentration of exogenous carnosine. PMID- 3485448 TI - [Catalytic properties of monooxygenases from isolated immunocompetent cells]. AB - The kinetic parameters of two monoxygenase (N-demethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase) reactions occurring in murine immunocompetent cells were determined. It was shown that the pH optimum for macrophage enzymes lies at 7.4, whereas that for thymocytes and spleen cells at 8.5. The effects of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors (methyrapone, SKF-525A, tilorone) on monooxygenase systems of immunocytes were investigated. Methyrapone and SKF-525A were shown to be effective inhibitors of N-demethylase. The mode of inhibition changes from non competitive to competitive, depending on the inhibitor concentration. Tilorone, an immunostimulator and inhibitor of liver cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes, competitively inhibits N-demethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase of immunocytes. PMID- 3485449 TI - Androgen receptors in brain and pituitary of female rats: cyclic changes and comparisons with the male. AB - The in vitro binding of a synthetic androgen, methyltrienolone ([3H]-R1881), to brain and pituitary (PIT) cytosol and nuclear extracts was determined in male and female rats. Purified cytosol was prepared from PIT or hypothalamic-preoptic area amygdala (HPA) and incubated in the presence of 0.1 to 10 nM [3H]-R1881. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of a single, saturable, high-affinity binding site in PIT cytosol with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.42 X 10(-10) M in females and 0.95 X 10(-10) M in intact males. The Kd of HPA cytosol was much less in castrated males [0.47 +/- 0.05 (SEM) X 10(-10)M, n = 7] and females (0.63 +/- 0.1 X 10(-10) M, n = 4) than in intact males (5.8 +/- 1.1 X 10(-10) M, n = 8). Treatment of castrated males with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 24 h (250 micrograms/100 g of body weight) increased the Kd of HPA cytosol only slightly (1.6 X 10(-10) M, mean of two replicates). Scatchard analysis of salt-extracted nuclear androgen receptor (ARn) showed a single, high-affinity binding site with similar Kd values in PIT and HPA of intact and castrated, DHT-treated male rats (PIT Kd = 7.3 X 10(-10) M, 9.3 X 10(-10) M; HPA Kd = 1.5 X 10(-9) M, 1.3 X 10(-9) M, respectively). Competition studies involving a range of several radioinert steroids revealed that the binding of [3H]-R1881 to cytosol (ARc) and nuclear extract was specific for androgen receptor when triamcinolone acetonide (10 microM) was added. The ARc and ARn levels were quantified in PIT, preoptic area (POA), hypothalamus (HT), amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex by single point estimation. Significantly (p less than 0.01) greater amounts of ARc were detected in PIT of ovariectomized females (32.7 +/- 2.9 fmol/mg of protein) than in that of orchidectomized males (22.33 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg of protein). The highest levels in the brain were seen in HT and POA. Pituitary ARc in females varied throughout the estrous cycle. Significantly (p less than 0.01) greater amounts were detected on estrus (45.8 +/- 2.2 fmol/mg of protein) and proestrus (39.0 +/- 1.9 fmol/mg of protein) than on diestrus (29.2 +/- 1.5 fmol/mg of protein). These data confirm the existence of specific receptors for androgen in male and female brain and PIT, and suggest an important role for androgen in the control of PIT hormone secretion in the female. PMID- 3485450 TI - Macromolecular assemblies of myosin. AB - The self-assembly of myosin into filamentous structures is a highly cooperative and rapid process. Nevertheless, the presence of nonequivalent bonding interactions within the filament permits differential stabilization of several macromolecular assemblies of myosin under well-controlled ionic conditions in citrate/Tris buffer at pH 8.0. We have detected and characterized bipolar myosin minifilaments, myosin octamers, and tetramers by using light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and viscosity techniques. These structures have molecular weights of 8.0 X 10(6), 3.9 X 10(6) g/mol, sedimentation coefficients of 32S, 22S, and 18S, and radii of gyration of 990 A, 890 A and 790, A, respectively. The similar radii of gyration indicate similar bipolar geometry for all these particles. The 32S minifilaments in 10 mM citrate/Tris buffer (pH 8.0) are the most stable species. The smaller 18S and 22S assemblies in 2 mM and 5 mM citrate/Tris, pH 8.0, are readily affected by low concentrations of KCl and fuse into the minifilament particles. The instability of the 18S and 22S forms of myosin assembly is also revealed by their titration with ATP. These structures are dissociated at lower ATP concentrations than the minifilaments and do not show the cooperative dissociation transitions characteristic of filaments and minifilaments. Sedimentation velocity analysis of the 18S and 22S species in the presence of ATP reveals the involvement of 10S myosin dimer in the dissociation of assembled myosin. The different forms of assembled myosin are discussed in the context of formation of myosin minifilaments. PMID- 3485453 TI - [Effect of the C1q complement subcomponent on blood coagulability and fibrinolysis]. AB - The in vitro experiments on human plasma have shown that C1q addition in a concentration of 120 micrograms/ml led to a substantial shortening of coagulation time of test-plasma, as well as kaolin- and cephalin time. The effect is preserved in plasma deficient in factors V, X and VII. It is assumed that C1q has properties similar to those of thromboplastin. PMID- 3485452 TI - Time-resolved x-ray study of effect of sinusoidal length change on tetanized frog muscle. AB - Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies were done on frog skeletal muscles with synchrotron radiation by applying sinusoidal length changes of frequency 10 Hz and amplitude approximately 1% to isometrically contracting muscles at approximately 17 degrees C. Distinct periodic intensity changes were observed in the 14.3-nm myosin meridional reflection and the equatorial 1,0 and 1,1 reflections. Response of the 14.3-nm reflection to the sinusoidal length change was nonlinear, as evidenced by a large second harmonic in its oscillatory intensity change, whereas the response of the equatorial 1,1 reflection was closely linear, as evidenced by almost sinusoidal intensity change. Intensity change of the 1,0 reflection was nearly antiphase to that of the 1,1 reflection. Integral widths of the 14.3-nm meridional reflection measured along the meridian and of the equatorial 1,1 reflection remained almost constant during tension development, while that of the 1,0 reflection tended to decrease. The widths of the 14.3-nm meridional reflection perpendicular to the meridian and of the equatorial 1,0 reflection appeared to undergo oscillatory changes in response to the sinusoidal length changes. PMID- 3485454 TI - [Interleukin-2 restoration of the activity of natural killers during stress]. AB - Interleukin 2 used in vitro and in vivo induces effectively the recovery of cytotoxic activity of natural killers and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity effectors in stress-immobilized CBA mice. This lymphokin can be used for correction of stressor depression in the cells of the natural anti-tumor resistance system. PMID- 3485451 TI - AN ultrastructural study of cross-bridge arrangement in the frog thigh muscle thick filament. AB - We have developed thick filament isolation methods that preserve the relaxed cross-bridge order of frog thick filaments such that the filaments can be analyzed by the convergent techniques of electron microscopy, optical diffraction, and computer image analysis. Images of the filaments shadowed by using either unidirectional shadowing or rotary shadowing show a series of subunits arranged along a series of right-handed near-helical strands that occur every 43 nm axially along the filament arms. Optical filtrations of images of these shadowed filaments show 4-5 subunits per half-turn of the strands, consistent with a three-stranded arrangement of the cross-bridges, thus supporting our earlier results from negative staining and computer-image analysis. The optical diffraction patterns of the shadowed filaments show a departure from the pattern expected for helical symmetry consistent with the presence of cylindrical symmetry and a departure of the cross-bridges from helical symmetry. We also describe a modified negative staining procedure that gives improved delineation of the cross-bridge arrangement. From analysis of micrographs of these negatively stained filament tilted about their long axes, we have computed a preliminary three-dimensional reconstruction of the filament that clearly confirms the three-stranded arrangement of the myosin heads. PMID- 3485455 TI - [Visualization of the cytoplasmic segregation structure by using computed microscopy]. AB - Cytoplasm organella segregation accompanies virtually all the changes occuring in embryonic and differentiated cells. The general scheme of mapping spatial distribution of cytoplasm texture parameters, realized using computed microscope LEITZ-T.A.S., allowed the imaging of geometrical relationship between yolk granules in the Rana Temporaria fertilized egg. The development of dorsoventral polarity in amphibian embryos was shown to be related to shape and location asymmetry of cytoplasm area containing clusters of yolk granules. PMID- 3485456 TI - Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T colony-forming cells in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome. AB - Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) present impaired colony growth and in vitro differentiation capacity of peripheral blood and bone marrow T colony-forming cells (T-CFC). We show that peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node T-CFC from patients with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), a syndrome that can precede AIDS, displayed similar abnormalities. Indeed, peripheral blood T-CFC generated a low number of colonies in seven out of 12 patients, and almost no colonies were obtained from bone marrow cells of all patients. The simultaneous study of T-CFC from peripheral blood and lymph node mononuclear cells seems to provide a reliable indicator for the risk of developing AIDS. The six patients who developed AIDS displayed extremely low numbers of peripheral blood T-CFC (13 +/- 17 colonies per 5 X 10(4) cells), and in two of them, no colonies could be obtained from lymph node T-CFC. The remaining patients who had not developed AIDS displayed a higher number of peripheral blood T-CFC (141 +/- 113 per 5 X 10(4) cells) and lymph node T-CFC, which, in addition, preserved their clonogenic capacity. In some patients, peripheral blood and lymph node, but not bone marrow, T-CFC were capable of generating colonies in the absence of added growth factors or mitogens, whereas in others, colony formation was obtained with purified interleukin 2 (IL 2) alone. Both spontaneous and IL 2-induced colony formation was abrogated by a monoclonal antibody against the IL 2 receptor. Taken together, these findings suggest that at least some T-CFC expressed IL 2 receptors. Colonies generated either in the presence or in the absence of added growth factors were composed of T4+, T6+, and T8+ cells, indicating impaired in vitro T-CFC differentiation. These findings indicate that a dramatic quantitative and qualitative impairment of the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral blood and lymph node T-CFC precedes the clinical evolution from LAS to AIDS. PMID- 3485457 TI - TCA: a polymorphic genetic marker in leukemias and melanoma cell lines. AB - TCA (T Cell system A) is a di-allelic system of HLA-like antigens encoded by genes located about 15 cM telomeric to HLA-A. In normal individuals, TCA antigens are only expressed on a subpopulation of T cells, the TG lymphocytes. We now report on the expression of TCA on leukemias and other malignancies. An increased proportion of cells carrying the TCA phenotype was encountered in testing peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia (T-ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In contrast, patients with B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) or non-T/non-B common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) had normal proportions of TCA-positive lymphocytes. Quantitatively different levels of TCA expression are found on some melanoma cell lines and others are TCA negative. These variations are independent of the expression of HLA Class I antigens by the same cells. The expression of TCA antigens by malignant nonlymphoid cells suggests that this system may code for differentiation markers, important in the biology of neoplastic transformation. PMID- 3485459 TI - T cell receptor gene rearrangements define a monoclonal T cell proliferation in patients with T cell lymphocytosis and cytopenia. AB - We have used probes from the T cell receptor beta and gamma chain loci to investigate the clonality of T lymphocytes in eight patients with T cell lymphocytosis and cytopenia (TCLC). This syndrome, which is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytosis and neutropenia, red cell aplasia, or both. By means of T cell monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, T lymphocytes from patients with this syndrome have been shown to have characteristic immunologic features. Investigators have disagreed as to whether the syndrome represents a T cell malignancy or a more benign immunologic disorder. DNA from five of five patients with symptomatic "classic" T cell lymphocytosis with cytopenia demonstrated unique rearrangements of the T cell receptor beta chain locus, whereas neither of two patients with atypical features showed rearrangement. In addition, we found evidence for gamma chain rearrangement in those DNAs with clonal beta chain rearrangement. We thus postulate that the classic form of this syndrome is associated with a monoclonal proliferation of T cells. Its potential relationship to T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is discussed. PMID- 3485458 TI - A new translocation, t(10;14)(q24;q11), in T cell neoplasia. AB - Four cases of T cell neoplasia are reported: three presenting as T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one presenting in the leukemic phase of a T cell lymphoma. In all cases, the cells of the leukemic clone were characterized by an identical cytogenetic abnormality. This abnormality was a unique reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 10 and 14. The breakpoint in chromosome 14 was in band q11, coincident with the assigned locus of the alpha-chain gene of the T cell antigen receptor. The breakpoint in chromosome 10 was in band q24, a region reported to include the locus of the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene. Our observations suggest that translocation t(10;14)(q24;q11) is specific for T cell neoplasia and that a gene in chromosomal band 10q24, possibly the TdT gene, plays an important role in T cell neoplasia when its expression or coding sequence is altered by aberrant recombination involving a T cell antigen receptor gene. PMID- 3485460 TI - Impaired expression of cell surface receptors for B cell growth factor by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. AB - Normal human B cell proliferation is controlled by various immunoregulatory signals including the T cell-derived lymphokine B cell growth factor (BCGF). The role of BCGF in the regulation of malignant B cell proliferation is unclear. Therefore, we studied the proliferative response of purified chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells to BCGF. For all CLL patients studied, CLL B cells showed a decreased proliferative response as compared with control B cells for BCGF induced B cell proliferation (patient 291 +/- 59 cpm v control 3,942 +/- 622, mean +/- SEM). This impaired proliferative response appeared to be intrinsic to CLL B cells since it was not corrected by incubation with increasing concentrations of BCGF. Attainment of normal B cell responsiveness to BCGF requires the processing of an initial activation signal which results in the expression of cell surface receptors for BCGF. Increasing concentrations of the B cell activation signal (the F(ab')2 fragment of goat anti-human mu chain) did not improve CLL B cell responsiveness to BCGF. Three-day activated CLL B cells compared with activated control B cells demonstrated a marked impairment in their ability to absorb out the BCGF activity present in the BCGF preparation (BCGF activity absorbed out, patient 12.8% v control 53%). Pretreatment of CLL B cells with neuraminidase failed to improve either the proliferative response to BCGF or the expression of cell surface receptors for BCGF by the CLL B cells. This study suggests that the impaired responsiveness to BCGF by CLL B cells is the result of impaired expression of cell surface receptors for BCGF when CLL B cells are exposed to activation signals. PMID- 3485461 TI - In vivo induction of terminal differentiation of malignant myelopoietic progenitor cells by CSF-inducing biological response modifiers. AB - We have investigated the mechanisms by which colony-stimulating factor (CSF) inducing biological response modifiers (BRM) may have beneficial effects on tumor bearing hosts undergoing anti-tumor therapy. First, we have documented that treatment of mice with the chemically defined BRM maleic anhydride divinyl ether copolymer (MVE-2), which induces CSF secretion by macrophages (M phi) and bone marrow cells (BMC), significantly increased growth and differentiation of normal myelopoietic cells and counteracted the myelosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide (CY). Second, we established that MVE-2 may exert CSF-mediated antitumor effects on certain leukemic tumor cells. Serum from mice pretreated in vivo with MVE-2, which contained CSF, induced terminal differentiation of cloned tumor cells from the CSF responsive WEHI-3B D+ subline in vitro, but not from the WEHI-3B D- subline, which is unresponsive to CSF. In vivo experiments showed that treatment of mice bearing the WEHI-3B D+ tumor first with CY and three days later with the CSF inducer MVE-2, significantly increased their survival time and rendered 20% to 50% of the tumor-bearing mice disease free. No such effects were obtained in mice bearing the WEHI-3B D- tumor. Thus, the induction of CSF or other differentiation factors by some BRMs may result in therapeutic effects against certain leukemias based on at least two distinct mechanisms: In addition to their restorative effects on normal bone marrow functions, CSF-inducing BRMs may also prevent further leukemogenesis by induction of terminal differentiation of leukemic cells. PMID- 3485462 TI - Computed tomography in the elderly: changes over time in a normal population. AB - The clinical, psychometric, and computed tomographic (CT) status of previously fit elderly volunteers is described at follow-up for up to four years. A number of relationships were found between psychometric and CT scores, but a dementing group could not be determined on the basis of a single scan. However, a subtle reduction in cognition over time was significantly related to CT changes, and occurred in 10%. Larger ventricles were also found in a small sub-group, who developed late-onset depressive disorders; recent bereavement was related to ventricular size. Thus a single CT scan may not be a useful discriminatory test in early dementia, but a repeat demonstrating ventricular enlargement, is likely to be significant. In the elderly, cognitive and CT scan deterioration should not be expected unless a disease process is occurring; this may be indicated by subtle cognitive impairment or by late-onset depressive disorder. PMID- 3485464 TI - Rapid increase in blood-brain barrier permeability during severe hypoxia and metabolic inhibition. AB - The influence of lack of oxygen and metabolic inhibitors on the integrity of cerebral microvascular endothelium is undefined due to conflicting experimental evidence. A newly developed technique for continuous measurement of the electrical resistance of the microvascular endothelium was applied to the pial venules of the frog subjected to severe hypoxia and inhibition of endothelial ATP production by means of cyanide (1 mM) and iodo-acetate (1 mM) for periods of 15 min. Severe hypoxia as well as application of the metabolic inhibitors decreased the electrical resistance within 2-5 min. The effect of the glycolysis-blocking agent, iodo-acetate, was particularly powerful. The maximal response, obtained in a 15 min period of exposure, was a 30-50% resistance decrease, corresponding to a 50-100% increase in the permeability to small ions. The rapid rise in permeability demonstrates that the cerebral endothelial cells depend critically on uninterrupted energy conversion to maintain the barrier function. PMID- 3485463 TI - The mechanism of action of MPTP and MPP+ on endogenous dopamine release from the rat corpus striatum superfused in vitro. AB - In this paper, using an in vitro superfusion system, we examined in the rat corpus striatum (CS) the action of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and N-methylphenylpyridine (MPP+) on dopamine (DA) metabolism. MPTP, at at 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M, caused decreases in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) output in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, at 10(-4) M, MPTP caused an increase in DA release from CS. On the other hand, at 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M, MPP+ exerted very potent and rapid inhibition on DOPAC output and stimulated DA release in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment of MPP+ markedly potentiated K+-stimulated DA release from CS. From the present data, we propose that MPP+ (the active metabolite of MPTP) inhibits DA reuptake system and/or monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, increases readily releasable pool of DA and stimulates DA release from dopaminergic terminals. PMID- 3485465 TI - [Changes in hemostasis and hemocoagulation in gastroduodenal ulcer and in malignancies of the digestive tract complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 3485466 TI - Perioperative coronary spasm and right ventricular ischemia. AB - Perioperative coronary spasm after coronary bypass surgery is increasingly recognized as a possible cause of circulatory collapse. Most of the reported cases involved the right coronary artery (RCA). A case where transient right coronary spasm provoked right ventricular ischemia and collapse is described. PMID- 3485467 TI - The effect of phototherapies on cutaneous lesions of histiocytosis X in the elderly. AB - The effect of therapeutic ultraviolet light (UV) radiation on the skin lesions of histiocytosis X (HX) was studied in two old patients. Histiocytosis X cells in the biopsy specimens were strongly reactive with OKT-6, OK-Ia1, an anti-S-100 protein antibody, and were weakly stained with Leu-3a. Some HX cells outgrown from the explants bore immunoglobulin G receptors (Fc-IgG) and C3 receptors. In accordance with clinical improvement after repeated topical 8-methoxypsolaren (8 MOP) plus UV-A (PUVA) or UV-B radiation, the density of infiltrating HX cells gradually was decreased. The PUVA therapy seemed to be more effective than UV-B radiation in our treatment schedule. Even after repeated phototherapies, however, the reactivity of surface and cytoplasmic antigens related to OKT-6, OK-Ia1, and S-100 protein in the remaining HX cells were the same as in untreated HX cells. Although the exact mechanism remains obscure, satisfactory therapeutic results were obtained in response to the phototherapies. New skin lesions eventually recurred after cessation of the treatments, but such eruptions resolved when additional PUVA was resumed. These studies confirm that HX cells share a battery of cytologic characteristics with epidermal Langerhans' cells (LC) and that repeated phototherapies provide a beneficial effect for skin lesions of HX without adverse reactions. PMID- 3485469 TI - Lipoprotein cholesterol, vitamin A, and vitamin E in an alcoholic population. AB - Elevated alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Reasons for this association are not well established but may relate to alterations in cholesterol, vitamin A (carotene and retinol), and vitamin E metabolism, since low levels of these factors have been linked to risk of cancer. Blood levels of cholesterol, carotene, retinol, and vitamin E were determined in 192 male alcoholics entering into an alcohol detoxification program. Compared to nonalcoholic populations, their cholesterol (187 mg/dl) and carotene (94 micrograms/dl) concentrations were markedly reduced at entrance; however, abstinence of 33 days returned both to normal levels. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin E levels were within the normal range at baseline and remained relatively stable throughout rehabilitation. Of particular interest was that the low density lipoprotein cholesterol was highly correlated with carotene (r = +0.40, whites, r = +0.54, blacks). The results suggest that alterations in the metabolism of cholesterol and carotene, due to alcohol intake, may partially account for the relationship of alcohol to increased cancer risk. PMID- 3485468 TI - Occurrence of particular isoenzymes in fresh and cultured leukemia-lymphoma cells. I. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme. AB - The cells from 87 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, 14 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, 459 cases of leukemia-lymphoma, normal specimens, 22 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and 14 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) treated with TPA were analyzed for the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TracP) isoenzyme separated by isoelectric focusing. The TracP isoenzyme was seen in the following leukemia-lymphoma cell lines: 4 of 30 T-cell, 2 of 35 B-cell, 1 of 6 non-T/non-B-cell, 1 of 8 myelomonocytic, 3 of 4 erythroleukemia, and 3 of 4 Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines. The expression of the TracP band could be induced by treatment with TPA in 3 myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Among the different types of leukemia-lymphoma cells freshly obtained from patients, the TracP isoenzyme was detected at a high incidence in cases of B-CLL, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and B-lymphoma. Of the myeloid leukemias, 10% to 20% displayed the TracP isoenzyme. TracP positivity was detected in the peripheral blood, tonsil, bone marrow, spleen, and liver obtained from healthy donors, but not in the thymus. The expression of the TracP band could be newly induced by TPA in cases of CLL and in cases of CML. It is concluded that TracP activity is not specific for HCL, but is found at high incidences in cases of HCL, B-CLL and B lymphoma. The TracP isoenzyme is not expressed by very immature lymphoid leukemia cells, but by cells arrested at later stages of differentiation of the T- or B cell lineage, and by some myeloid cells. PMID- 3485470 TI - Prognostic indicators of colon tumors. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group experience. AB - This study sought to replicate and expand findings reported by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) on prognostic factors in resectable colon cancer. Mantel-Haenszel tests and the Cox model were used to analyze prognostic significance and effect of primary disease symptoms and tumor location in 572 patients from the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG), with resected Dukes' B2 and C colon cancer. Tumor location (left, right, and rectosigmoid/sigmoid) was of low prognostic importance (P greater than 0.10), and did not effect survival or disease-free survival (P greater than 0.10). Obstruction was an important indicator of prognosis, independent of Dukes' stage (P = 0.03). Bowel perforation is associated with poor prognosis in disease-free survival (P = 0.001). Rectal bleeding had a positive impact on survival (P = 0.08). Thus, obstruction, perforation, and rectal bleeding (but not location) are found to be prognostic factors in patients with Dukes' B2 or C colon cancer. PMID- 3485471 TI - [The effect of revascularization surgery on left ventricular function in patients with hypokinesia in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3485472 TI - [Personal experience with endoscopic sclerotization of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3485474 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a recombinase from human cells. AB - We describe the partial purification and characterization of a human recombinase activity from RPMI 1788 B lymphoblasts. Stoichiometric amounts of recombinase carry out a strand transfer reaction between linear duplex DNA and homologous circular single-strand DNA. The product of strand transfer by the recombinase is a joint molecule composed of a single-strand circle joined to one end of the linear duplex molecule by a region of DNA heteroduplex at least 150 bp long. Formation of DNA heteroduplexes is accompanied by strand displacement. Strand invasion initiates at the ends of the linear duplex. Finally, strand displacement by human recombinase exhibits polarity and proceeds in a 3' to 5' direction. This is the first demonstration of a strand transfer activity from a high eukaryote. We discuss similarities between our recombinase and the RecA and rec1 recombination proteins from E. coli and Ustilago maydis, respectively. PMID- 3485473 TI - Flow disturbance due to venous valves: a cause of graft failure. AB - Late (greater than 1 year) postoperative angiographic studies in five patients revealed evidence of flow disturbance at the distal valve, when two valves were present in the body of a saphenous vein graft (SVG). This was associated with delayed clearance of radiopaque dye due to reduced velocity of flow. On follow up, occlusion, thrombus formation, or development of atherosclerosis seemed to have occurred in anatomic relation to these valves. All five patients had one additional graft in a good state of preservation; three internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts, and 2 SVGs. The latter had only one venous valve, and the velocity of flow was good. It appears that good velocity of flow is essential to the integrity of coronary bypass grafts. The presence of more than one venous valve in a graft appears to cause flow disturbance and sluggish velocity, factors adversely affecting their integrity. PMID- 3485475 TI - Concanavalin A receptor capping in mouse myeloma and hybridoma. AB - Concanavalin A capping was studied in immunoglobulin-secreting hybridomas derived from fusion of mouse myeloma NSO cells with mouse spleen lymphocytes. The cells of the parental populations differed significantly in capping ability (low in myeloma cells and high in the lymphocytes). Among the hybridoma cells tested, several clones showed low capping, similar to that of the myeloma cells, some showed a good degree of capping, similar to that of the lymphocytes and other clones expressed an intermediate capping response. Capping was significantly increased in hybridoma clones of intermediate capping ability following in vivo intraperitoneal growth. A possible relationship of the variation in capping response to cell motility and to metastatic capacity is pointed out. PMID- 3485477 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in aqueous humor and peripheral blood in patients with uveitis]. PMID- 3485476 TI - HO-323, a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line useful for making human-human hybridomas. AB - A 6-thioguanine-resistant human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, HO-323, was isolated for making human-human hybridomas with high efficiency. Fusions with peripheral blood lymphocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and lymphocytes isolated from lymph nodes of lung and breast cancer patients yield constantly more than one hybridoma clones per 10(5) HO-323 cells plated. HO323 cells also fused with lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood to give hybridomas in the same efficiency. The HO-323 cells were diploid with 46 chromosomes and non secretors of immunoglobulins. This parent cells doubled every 15 hr and could proliferate in serum-containing medium, even if they were plated at low cell density of less than 10(3) cells/ml. The cells could grow in serum-free medium as well as in serum-containing medium, and the resultant human-human hybridomas could also grow in the same media. PMID- 3485478 TI - Smoking, allergy and airways obstruction: revival of the 'Dutch hypothesis'. PMID- 3485479 TI - The value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements in hypoparathyroid and pseudohypoparathyroid patients treated with calciferol. AB - In 23 patients with hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism treated with vitamin D, and in whom the dosage was adjusted downward or upward in response to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia respectively, assays of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were carried out in addition to the usual serum calcium assays. In 120 assays there was a significant correlation between serum 25-OHD levels and serum calcium levels (corrected for serum albumin). There was, however, no clear distinction between the 25-OHD levels of patients who were hypocalcemic, normocalcemic or hypercalcemic. The highest serum 25-OHD level found in a hypocalcemic patient was 1193 nmol/L and the lowest serum 25-OHD level found in a hypercalcemic patient was 605 nmol/L. It was not possible to predict subsequent episodes of hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia from the serum 25-OHD levels. The 25 OHD assay was found to be useful only in checking compliance. We conclude that the assay of serum 25-OHD is of no more value than serum calcium alone in the management of compliant patients. PMID- 3485480 TI - Interleukin 2 augmentation of the defective natural killer cell activity in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Natural Killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was measured in 21 female patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (primary SS) and in 20 female normal controls matched for age. The in vitro effect of alpha-interferon (IF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) on NK cell activity was examined and the percentage of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in blood was measured. Median baseline NK cell activity in primary SS was 15.4% versus 24.4% in the controls (P less than 0.05). Median IF-enhanced NK cell activity in the SS group was 35.5% versus 49.6% in the controls (P less than 0.02). IL-2-enhanced NK cell activity was 35.5% versus 37.6% in the controls (n.s.) The proportion of LGL did not differ in the two groups. Median LGL/lymphocytes was 4.0% in the primary SS patients versus 4.5% in the controls (n.s.). We conclude that the defective NK cell activity in patients with primary SS is functional, as the number of LGL is normal. Further the NK cell activity off SS was restored by IL-2. PMID- 3485481 TI - Cellular interactions in the lysis of varicella-zoster virus infected human fibroblasts. AB - The in vitro lysis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infected human fibroblasts by blood mononuclear cells (MNC) is inhibited by cyclosporin A, whether or not the effector and target cells chare HLA A or B antigens. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) reversed the inhibition by cyclosporin A (CyA) and also induced a further increase in target cell lysis by MNC in the absence of CyA. MNC depleted of OKM 1+ or Leu-11+ cells showed reduced lysis of VZV infected fibroblasts and this reduction was not overcome by adding IL-2. Depletion of monocytes from the MNC effectors reduced target cell lysis and this effect was reversed by adding Interleukin 1 (IL-1). The results indicate that NK cells contribute to the lysis of VZV infected cells and suggest that IL-2 release by T cells, as a result of HLA matching or antigen representation, may amplify this mechanism. PMID- 3485482 TI - Autoantibodies to human nuclear antigen(s)-HNA-in connective tissue diseases and other disorders. AB - Autoantibodies reacting with nuclear antigen(s) on human cells (HNA) with weak or without reactivity on nuclei of other species have been found by the indirect immunofluorescence technique used in routine tests for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Precipitin lines were obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) only when human lymphocyte extracts were used and not with rabbit thymus acetone powder. By comparison with reference sera, the autoantibodies directed to HNA were found to be different from SSA/Ro antibodies and did not give the fluorescence pattern of anti nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) antibodies on HEp-2 cells. The prevalence of sera with anti-HNA antibodies not associated with other antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is low (about 0.7% of ANA found in routine assay). In association with ANA of other specificities, the prevalence of anti-HNA antibodies, demonstrated after absorption of sera with rat liver acetone powder, was higher (about 1% of ANA positive sera). By treatment with physicochemical agents and enzymes, the HNA was found to be a DNA (glyco) protein complex extractable with saline solution, resistant to 56 degrees C for 6 h and stable at pH values ranging from 3 to 10. Anti-HNA antibodies were found in patients with mild connective tissue diseases, but also in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and in chronic hepatitis. PMID- 3485483 TI - T cells in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. I. Decreased frequency of T lymphocytes secreting suppressor factor. AB - A reverse T cell plaque assay was employed to study the ability of purified T cells isolated from the blood of seven patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) to secrete antigen-specific helper or suppressor factors (ThF and TsF respectively) after activation in vitro. It was found that in spite of the phenotypical presence of CD8+ cells, the frequency of TsF-secreting cells was strongly decreased as compared to normal values. T cells secreting ThF could be generated in all B-CLL patients tested in about normal frequencies. These results may indicate a tumour induced change in the distribution of cellular subsets within the CD8+ cell compartment. PMID- 3485484 TI - Monocyte factors modulate in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in protein malnutrition. AB - This study investigated changes in T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and immunoregulatory cytokines during protein malnutrition. In vitro T cell response to concanavalin A was compared among protein deprived (PD), energy restricted pair fed control (PF), and ad libitum control (C) rabbits. Cell cultures were supplemented with crude monocyte supernatants (CMS) from PD, PF or C animals at either 1% or 8% final concentration in culture. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration of unstimulated or stimulated lymphocyte culture supernatants and CMS was determined. Lymphocyte cultures from PD, PF and C animals had enhanced 3H thymidine incorporation when supplemented with C and/or PF derived CMS. Addition of 8% CMS from PD rabbits inhibited proliferation below levels observed in mitogen-only stimulated groups in all cultures. At the 1% concentration, inhibition was seen in PD and C derived cells cultures and modest enhancement was seen in PF cultures. PGE2 concentration in supernatants from stimulated and unstimulated lymphocyte cultures from PD rabbits were higher than in C and PF cell cultures. These results suggest (a) that under appropriate culture conditions lymphocytes from PD donors are capable of enhanced proliferation and (b) that depressed T cell mitogenesis observed in protein malnutrition may reflect alterations in immunoregulatory signals. The role of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and PGE2 in the modulation of this response is discussed. PMID- 3485485 TI - Expression of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human lymphoid and non lymphoid cells. AB - Expression of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-SDH), a putative T cell marker in the murine system, has been examined in human haematopoietic cells. Higher levels of enzymatic activity were expressed by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in comparison with thymocytes. When PBMC were fractionated into T and non T cell subsets, the greatest values of 20 alpha-SDH activity were associated with the non T cell population. Cells from bone marrow exhibited lower levels of 20 alpha-SDH than PBMC and thymocytes. Both myeloid and lymphoid leukaemic cells expressed significant 20 alpha-SDH activity. In addition our data in U-937 and CM-S human cell lines indicate that cells belonging to the myelomonocytic precursor compartment constitutively expressed 20 alpha-SDH activity. Furthermore, this activity was less expressed when these cells were induced to monocyte-macrophage differentiation. In conclusion, our data in the human system indicate that 20 alpha-SDH should not be viewed as a lymphoid lineage-restricted marker enzyme. PMID- 3485486 TI - Chlamydial antibody crossreactivity with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the role of HLA B27. AB - We have previously reported the association of Chlamydia trachomatis with HLA B27+ related diseases. To investigate the possibility that chlamydial antibodies serve to localize the immune response in such diseases, we examined the crossreactivity of chlamydial antibodies (rabbit anti-D and anti-L2 serotypes) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and anterior uveitis (AU) and with human and bovine ocular tissue and cells in culture. Our results indicate a significantly increased percentage binding of chlamydial antibody (D serotype) to the mononuclear cells of HLA B27+ patients with AS when compared with HLA B27- patients with AS (12.9% +/- 2.2 versus 5.4% +/- 2.2), B27+ controls (5.5% +/- 1.5) and B27- controls (6.1% +/- 1.0). There was no significant difference between controls and HLA B27+ patients with AU (6.6% +/- 1.9) and B27- patients with AU (8.7% +/- 1.1). This crossreactivity could not be blocked by monoclonal HLA B27 antibody. Chlamydial antibodies (D and L2) crossreact with human and bovine conjunctiva but not uvea, tissue culture derived iris fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells. Our results provide additional support for the concept of crossreactivity between antibodies to microbial agents and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with HLA B27+ AS. PMID- 3485488 TI - The T cell suppressor defect in autoimmune thyroiditis: evidence for a high set 'autoimmunostat'. AB - We examined T cell function in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis in relation to mitogen-stimulated thyroglobulin autoantibody secretion and used total IgG and IgM secretion as a measure of non-specific polyclonal activation. Control subjects (n = 8) showed enhanced immunoglobulin secretion (both IgG and IgM) in the presence of increasing autologous T cells up to a ratio of 4:1 T:non-T followed by suppression of such secretion when the number of T cells was increased still further (the T cell suppressor effect). Patients (n = 8) demonstrated similar enhancement of immunoglobulin secretion when compared to normals but the T cell suppressor effect was markedly reduced. Autoantibodies to human thyroglobulin antigen, measured by specific ELISA techniques, were detected in cultures from five patients and demonstrated a similar pattern of enhancement but reduced suppression as observed with the immunoglobulin assays. However, normal suppression of immunoglobulin and thyroglobulin autoantibody secretion in such patients was obtained with the use of allogeneic normal T cells. These data confirm the presence of a T cell suppressor defect in autoimmune thyroiditis but indicate that the abnormality is not restricted to the control of thyroid autoantibodies. Such T cell dysfunction may allow the abnormal amplification of a distinct and separate primary event and may be viewed as an abnormal set point for a hypothetical 'autoimmunostat'. PMID- 3485490 TI - Sunscreens. Topical and systemic approaches for the prevention of acute and chronic sun-induced skin reactions. AB - In this article, practical and clinical aspects of photoprotection are discussed with emphasis on topical sunscreens. Protection against the adverse effects of sunlight includes prevention of the following: sunburn in normal individuals; acute phototoxic and photoallergic reactions; chronic skin damage (dermatoheliosis) and skin cancer; and specific disease-oriented responses (such as porphyria or polymorphous photodermatitis). PMID- 3485489 TI - Evaluation of the photosensitive patient. AB - During the last few decades, a number of centers around the world have contributed to our knowledge of photosensitivity disorders. However, diagnostic methods, particularly with respect to phototesting and photopatch testing, have often differed in important details between centers. The potential advantages of using relatively standardized techniques are now being recognized. This article discusses the following areas of evaluation of the photosensitive patient: history, examination, phototesting, photopatch testing, and histopathologic and other laboratory studies. PMID- 3485487 TI - Procainamide elicits a selective autoantibody immune response. AB - The specificity of the in vivo humoral immune response elicited by procainamide was examined by solid-phase assays, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and a cytotoxicity assay. Serial samples obtained from patients during their procainamide therapy showed a progressive increase in antibodies to histones and denatured DNA, and both activities decreased after discontinuation of therapy. In contrast antibodies to tetanus, human IgG (rheumatoid factor) and heterologous lymphocytes were unaffected by procainamide treatment, indicating that they were not drug-induced. Of 29 sera examined by protein-A-facilitated immunoprecipitation, four sera had antibody to ribosomal RNA and three sera immunoprecipitated a 40kD protein. Antinuclear antibodies were invariably present but absorption studies showed that these activities were due to anti-histone antibodies. These results indicate that procainamide-induced autoimmunity is characterized predominantly by an anti-histone and anti-denatured DNA immune response. PMID- 3485492 TI - The appearance of a large mesenteric varix on a technetium-99m red blood cell gastrointestinal bleeding study. AB - Detection of gastrointestinal bleeding using Tc-99m labeled RBCs has proven to be clinically useful although false-positive images associated with abnormal vascularity remain problematic. The scintigraphic appearance of a large mesenteric varix is presented, and its potential confusion with gastrointestinal bleeding is discussed. Correlative CT and angiographic images are presented. PMID- 3485491 TI - Effects of lactoferrin on human granulopoiesis in vitro. AB - It has been proposed that Lactoferrin plays a negative feedback role in regulating granulopoiesis through its ability to suppress Colony-Stimulating Factor production. However, an analysis of experimental data, based on cell kinetic principles, does not support this contention. The basic point is that the concentration of Colony-Stimulating Factor determines the rate of clonal amplification, and mean clonal size. The latter is a reliable index with which to quantify the level of stimulation in a system. With this index it was found that Lactoferrin: did not suppress the de novo production of colony factor by blood mononuclear leukocytes affected the rate of cell proliferation both in the absence and presence of preformed Colony-Stimulating Factor. It was also found that Lactoferrin influenced myelocyte progression through the cell cycle. These findings suggest that the action of Lactoferrin is more complex than was previously believed and its relevance as a regulator of granulopoiesis is unclear. PMID- 3485494 TI - The immediate provisional fixed partial denture. PMID- 3485493 TI - An overview of forensic dentistry. PMID- 3485495 TI - A modified gingival index for use in clinical trials. PMID- 3485496 TI - Modification of dental plaque by arginine-urea to resist pH fall in vivo. PMID- 3485497 TI - Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: demonstration of B lymphocyte defects in vitro. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in childhood is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, a feature common in antibody deficiency disorders. The present study was aimed at investigating B lymphocyte function in 15 children aged 6 months to 6 years with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC). Spontaneous secretion of immunoglobulins by freshly isolated peripheral blood B cells and the generation of immunoglobulin and antibody-secreting cells in lymphocyte cultures after polyclonal and antigenic stimulation were quantified in hemolytic plaque assays. Despite excessive spontaneous immunoglobulin secretion, responses elicited by B cells after in vitro stimulation were depressed in these children. Responses to T-dependent as well as to T-independent stimuli were affected. Studies of immunoregulatory T cells and intrinsic B cell function suggested that deficient precursor B cells and abnormal immunoregulation contributed to the defects in B cell differentiation. These findings indicate that B lymphocyte dysfunction is an integral feature of HTLV III infection in children who clinically present as either AIDS or AIDS-related complex. PMID- 3485499 TI - C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AB - CRP levels in 194 serum samples from 43 SLE patients were measured. Patients with inactive disease have levels below 10 micrograms/ml; patients with active SLE have higher levels, but never over 50 micrograms/ml. In the presence of infection or inflammatory processes, regardless of the activity of SLE, the levels are significantly higher (p less than 0.05), and well over 50 micrograms/ml. Both active SLE patients and inactive SLE patients with local infections have levels between 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml. In this situation, the presence of anti-DNA antibodies strongly suggests disease activity (82% versus 9%, p less than 0.05). The clinical and physiopathological meaning of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3485498 TI - Is there a need to educate family practitioners in rheumatology? PMID- 3485502 TI - Effect of periocularly administered gentamicin on serum aminoglycoside concentrations. PMID- 3485501 TI - Hyperlipidemias and rheumatic manifestations. AB - There is an increased incidence of arthritides and tendinitis in patients with hyperlipidemias, especially types II and IV. The mechanism responsible for these manifestations is at present not known. It is important to recognize this association and to test plasma lipid levels in any case of arthritis which does not fit into one of the well-established diagnostic entities. PMID- 3485500 TI - Reiter's syndrome--a comparative study of patients with the complete and the incomplete syndrome. AB - Eighty patients with Reiter's syndrome (RS) were studied retrospectively. A comparison was made between patients with the complete syndrome and patients with the incomplete syndrome. A comparison was also made between patients with and without HLA-B27. There were no major differences in severity and duration of the arthritic symptoms or in mucocutaneous involvement between the complete and incomplete groups, which indicates that they, in fact, represent the same disease. Most of the patients with sacroiliac joint involvement belonged to the HLA-B27 positive group; otherwise there was no difference in arthritic symptoms between the HLA-B27 positive and the HLA-B27 negative group. PMID- 3485503 TI - Prolonged continuous infusion of tromethamine in a patient with metabolic acidosis. PMID- 3485504 TI - Susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3485505 TI - Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae: a collaborative study. AB - The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was assessed among a total of 3,356 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae obtained from 22 medical centers distributed throughout the United States during the period July, 1983 through June, 1984. All strains were examined for beta-lactamase production with a rapid acidometric assay and for resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefaclor, tetracycline, and erythromycin with a standardized disk diffusion procedure. The overall rate of beta-lactamase production was 15.2%, although results of disk diffusion tests suggested that the overall rate of ampicillin resistance was 19.5%. Twenty-one percent of encapsulated type b strains produced beta-lactamase; 12.1% of non-type b strains were beta-lactamase positive. Specific rates of beta-lactamase production obtained at individual study centers varied widely with no evidence of geographic clustering. The highest rates of beta-lactamase production were observed with isolates of H. influenzae recovered from infants and young children, and from blood and cerebrospinal fluid specimens. The overall rate of chloramphenicol resistance was 0.6%. The prevalence of cephalothin, cefamandole, cefaclor, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance was 9.9%, 2.4%, 2.8%, 6.4%, and 64.2%, respectively. beta Lactamase positive isolates of H. influenzae had higher rates of resistance to all of the cephalosporins than did strains that lacked beta-lactamase. PMID- 3485506 TI - Antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of SK&F 88070 compared with other agents. AB - The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of SK&F 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4 thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5 yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. SK&F 88070 inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. Its activity against these species was similar to cefotaxime and moxalactam and superior to cefoperazone and piperacillin. It was less active than cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and less active than cefotaxime or cefoperazone against Staphylococcus aureus. SK&F 88070 inhibited hemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml. Enterobacter species, Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia, which were resistant to cefotaxime and moxalactam were resistant to SK&F 88070. It was not hydrolyzed by plasmid beta-lactamases, but was hydrolyzed by the Proteus vulgaris type 1c enzyme. SK&F 88070 inhibited Richmond-Sykes type 1a beta lactamases. PMID- 3485508 TI - Dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: a strategy for investigation. AB - Study of the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment is complicated by a variety of factors, including the need for longitudinal, multidisciplinary appraisal and difficulties of randomisation, control and sample composition. This report outlines a recent initiative adopting a longitudinal, observational approach with a cohort of approximately 1000 12-yr-olds, selected by disproportionate stratified sampling in order that occlusal features of low prevalence, but high orthodontic interest, would be well represented. In the event, 4810 subjects were listed and after certain exclusions, 3420 children were screened. Using preselected screening criteria, 663 with specific occlusal features were selected and an additional 355 children with nonspecific features were randomly allocated on a pro-rata basis. This gave a final study population of 1018. Baseline dental data included the recording of caries, periodontal status and mandibular function. Study models were obtained and analysed using a new standardised technique for recording the alignment of individual teeth. Photographs of the face and dentition were collected and a rating system developed to score dental and facial attractiveness. Social-psychological data were recorded via self rating questionnaires, interviews, parental questionnaires, teacher questionnaires and peer ratings. PMID- 3485507 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Haemophilus ducreyi: sensitivity of culture media. AB - Laboratory confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of chancroid requires the isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi. Enriched gonococcal (GcHbS) and Mueller-Hinton agar (MHHb) both support the growth of most strains of H. ducreyi. In this study we compared the isolation rate of H. ducreyi on GcHbs and MHHb media in 111 men with genital ulcer disease. A second culture was obtained in 84 men at 48 hr in order to determine the reproducibility of H. ducreyi culture. The sensitivity of a single and a sequential pair of cultures on GcHbS was 67% and 74%, respectively, on men with presumed chancroid. The sensitivity of the MHHb as a single culture was 53%. Using both media for the initial culture of genital ulcers, and repeating the culture on GcHbs at 48 hr, increased the sensitivity of the isolation of H. ducreyi to 92% in men who had no prior antimicrobial use and who had no laboratory evidence of primary syphilis. PMID- 3485509 TI - Comparison of antiproteolytic activities of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitors from the plasma of some mammalian species. AB - Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitors isolated from plasmas of horse, ox, pig, rabbit and man were used for determination of some kinetic parameters of interaction with three horse leucocyte proteinases and bovine pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin. Effective molar ratio of enzyme-to-inhibitor, inactivation rate constant and inhibition constant were measured. In horse, ox, pig and rabbit two principal electrophoretic forms of alpha 1-PI could be distinguished. Both forms effectively inhibited trypsin but usually only one form reacted promptly and stoichiometrically with chymotrypsin and leucocyte elastases. It appears that genetic variability and functional heterogeneity of multiple forms of alpha 1-PI as well as lack of other tissue inhibitors of proteinases may be responsible for lung emphysema occurring in man and horse. PMID- 3485510 TI - Phosphorylated proteins from anuran intestinal microvilli membranes--I. Relations with alkaline phosphatase. AB - The degree of phosphorylation of intestinal microvilli membrane proteins in an adult amphibian, Rana esculenta, was investigated under various experimental conditions. The microvilli protein phosphorylation rate rapidly increases during the first 4 min of incubation in a medium containing [gamma-32P]ATP. This increase is slower afterwards. Cyclic nucleotides (cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP) and sorbitol do not modify the microvilli protein phosphorylation rate. On the contrary, this phosphorylation rate significantly decreases in the presence of L lysine, when its concentration in the incubation medium is greater than 25 mM. The time course of phosphorylation confirms the inhibitory effects of L-lysine (100 mM). The microvilli membrane proteins were distinguished by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In heated samples, electrophoresis followed by an radioautograph systematically reveals the existence of a very phosphorylated protein with a mol. wt of 86 kDa. The phosphorylation of this protein is partially inhibited by L-lysine (100 mM). The very phosphorylated protein could be the monomer of alkaline phosphatase. The dimer (170 kDa) is visualized on electrophoretograms by its catalytic activity. In mammals, several authors have established a correlation between phosphorylation of the microvilli membrane proteins and the intensity of intestinal calcium absorption. Such a control is presently being investigated in adult Rana esculenta. PMID- 3485511 TI - Nonspecific activation of the immune response and the pathogenesis of chronic adult periodontitis. PMID- 3485512 TI - Management of acute epiglottitis in pediatric patients. AB - Of 41 pediatric cases of acute epiglottitis treated at the same institution during an 8-yr period, 33 patients were managed by nasotracheal intubation, one by tracheostomy performed at a referring hospital, and seven by intensive care observation and iv antibiotics. Twenty of the 33 nasotracheally intubated patients underwent intubation in the pediatric ICU by the pediatric anesthesiologist-intensivist, who used iv anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants. The remainder were intubated at referring hospitals. All of the intubated patients were paralyzed, sedated, and mechanically ventilated. The intubation technique caused no apparent complications; however, it required the skill and expertise of an experienced pediatric anesthesiologist-intensivist. PMID- 3485514 TI - Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Roentgenographic-pathologic correlates based on fiberoptic bronchoscopy specimens from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We analyzed the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a large series of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Transbronchial biopsy fragments, as opposed to endobronchial specimens, were found to have high diagnostic value. Their optimal number for diagnosis was determined by a simple statistical principle. It varied from a minimum of two in cases of severe pneumonia to a maximum of four when roentgenographic manifestations were altogether absent. The diagnostic yield of the transbronchial biopsy alone was 97 percent and that of "touch" preparations of the biopsies 88 percent; when both techniques were combined, the accuracy rose to 98 percent. By comparison, bronchial "washings" and "brushings" had a much lower yield, 59 percent and 57 percent, respectively. Because their diagnostic contribution was negligible, we conclude that the latter two procedures represent an unnecessary expense and waste of technical and professional effort. PMID- 3485515 TI - Frequency of tuberculin-reactive T-lymphocytes in pleural fluid and blood from patients with tuberculous pleurisy. AB - A limiting dilution assay was used to determine the frequency of T-lymphocytes reactive to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Pleural fluid from patients with tuberculous pleurisy showed higher frequencies of PPD-reactive T lymphocytes than peripheral blood from the same patients or tuberculin-positive healthy control subjects. The mean frequencies were 1/2,204 T cells in pleural fluid from tuberculous pleurisy, 1/14,970 T cells in peripheral blood from the same patients, and 1/13,130 T cells in peripheral blood from healthy controls. The concentration of tuberculin-reactive lymphocytes in tuberculous pleural fluid could represent selective accumulation or in situ expansion of this population of cell. PMID- 3485513 TI - Chromosome anomalies associated with amplification of the adenosine deaminase gene (ADA) in rat hepatoma cells. AB - Two independently selected series of rat hepatoma cell lines resistant to the drug deoxycoformycin (dCF) were analyzed karyotypically. Several forms of homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) were present on metaphase chromosomes of these cells. In some instances HSRs comprised nearly an entire chromosome, which are among the largest chromosomes in the karyotype. Stable resistance to dCF is acquired in rat cells by overproduction of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) as a result of amplification of ADA gene sequences. We have localized the amplified ADA gene sequences to HSRs on metaphase chromosomes from both series of dCF-resistant cell lines by in situ hybridization. Based upon the number of ADA gene sequences present and the lengths of the HSRs, we have estimated the size of the amplified unit to range from 450 to 1,000 kb. PMID- 3485516 TI - [Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage in benign leiomyoma]. PMID- 3485518 TI - [Drug or surgical treatment of patients with coronary heart disease?]. PMID- 3485517 TI - The electroretinographic characteristics of congenital tritan defects. AB - Electroretinographic studies were performed in three congenital tritanopic subjects in a single pedigree. The b-waves were recorded in the presence of white and intense yellow adaptation in response to 16 monochromatic light stimuli. Compared with the response of normal subjects, a marked reduction or a lack of the blue cone responses was clearly shown in the spectral response patterns of tritanopes. Electroretinograms elicited by strong white stimulation or xenon flashes showed negative responses (a-waves larger than b-waves) with normal rod function in each tritanopic subject. This finding points to abnormalities of red cone and green cone function as well in tritanopes. PMID- 3485519 TI - [Pathogenesis of bleeding esophageal varices]. AB - Pressure in oesophageal varices was measured endoscopically in 52 patients, in 16 of them central portal-vein pressure additionally by percutaneously introduced transhepatic portal-vein catheter. Only in the region of the cardia occlusion segment was the portal-vein pressure the same as that in the oesophageal varices. The larger the varices the higher the average variceal pressure. Depending on the time interval since a meal there were marked pressure variations during the day in portal-vein pressure. Intra-abdominal pressure rise (e.g. on coughing, choking or vomiting) induces a sudden and marked pressure rise in the portal vein as well as the oesophageal varices. The larger the varices the greater the danger of rupture when these pressure rises occur. Gastro-oesophageal reflux plays no role in the pathogenesis of bleeding from oesophageal varices. PMID- 3485520 TI - The role of gastrointestinal endoscopy in a developing country. AB - Eight-thousand-six-hundred-and-eighty patients were examined endoscopically over a period of six years. Significant pathological lesions were detected in 79.6% of the cases. While duodenal ulcers were seen at the same frequency as in the West, the number of gastric ulcers were considerably fewer, the ratio of gastric to duodenal ulcer being 1:8.4. Gastric cancer was also observed less commonly than in the West, but gastric lymphoma constituted 21% of all gastric malignancies. By endoscoping all bleeders within 24 hours we were able to identify the source of bleeding in 90.9% of the cases, and a lesion was detected in 96.8%. Direct visualisation of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa supported by histological examination was of paramount importance in the early detection of Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease (IPSID) and its differentiation from other diseases such as tuberculosis, bilharzial jejunitis and Crohn's disease which are seen in our population. PMID- 3485521 TI - Prophylactic sclerosing of esophageal varices--results of a prospective controlled study. AB - Of 60 patients suffering from various stages of esophageal varices with no previously recorded bleeding, 30 underwent combined peri- and intravascular fiberscopic sclerotherapy in a prospective controlled study. Each of the two groups consisted of 22 men and 8 women with an average age of 49 years. The cause of portal hypertension in 58 patients was a morphologically proven cirrhosis of the liver, due mainly to alcoholism. Portal vein thrombosis was present in two patients. The severity of the liver disease was first evaluated in accordance with the PUGH modification of the CHILD classification. 53% of the patients in the control, and 56% in the treatment, group belonged to the prognostically favourable CHILD A category. The period of observation was at least 26 months, with a mean of 36 months. Sclerotherapy lowered the risk of bleeding to 13.3%; in the control group it was 30%. The mortality rate during the overall observation period was lowered significantly (p less than 0.05) by sclerotherapy to 5.9% in the CHILD A group as compared with 25% in the control group. The mortality rate of CHILD B and C patients was over 40% in the control group and an unequally large 70% in the treatment group. The most frequent cause of death was bleeding from esophageal varices in the control group and liver failure in the treatment group. Complications were seen in 20% and paralleled the severity of the esophageal varices. All complications responded to conservative treatment and no fatality was seen. PMID- 3485522 TI - Endoscopic finding of an intramural haemorrhage in the duodenum under anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon. AB - We report a case of intramural haemorrhage in the duodenum, which was diagnosed by endoscopy and clinical findings. The typical endoscopic findings are described and illustrated. Different causes of intramural haemorrhage of the gut are discussed. PMID- 3485523 TI - Effect of polyamines on translation fidelity in vivo. AB - Polyamines, when added to cell-free protein-synthesizing systems, have been shown either to reduce mistranslation or to increase it depending upon the composition of the reaction mixture. To study this question under conditions as natural as possible we investigated the effects of polyamines on the fidelity of protein synthesis in intact Escherichia coli bacterial cells, using strains which were auxotrophic for polyamine synthesis. Error was measured in two ways: the incorporation of [3H]histidine into coat protein of bacteriophage MS2, the gene of which does not code for histidine, and the synthesis of a basic variant of MS2 coat protein in which a lysine erroneously replaces an asparagine, causing a change in isoelectric point. We found that when cell cultures were supplemented with polyamines there was no effect on the first type of error and the second type decreased twofold. The measured errors occurred at the level of translation because their frequency increased in the presence of streptomycin and decreased in cells bearing a streptomycin-resistance mutation known to lower the occurrence of translational misreading. The average erroneous incorporation per mol coat protein in the presence of polyamines was 1.43 +/- 0.59 mmol histidine and 25-34 mmol lysine/asparagine substitution. The reason for the different effect of polyamines on the two types of error is not known but could be related to the difference between their corresponding frequencies or to codon-specific effects. PMID- 3485524 TI - Labelling of chlorophylls and precursors by [2-14C]glycine and 2-[1 14C]oxoglutarate in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Zea mays. Resolution of the C5 and Shemin pathways of 5-aminolaevulinate biosynthesis by thin-layer radiochromatography. AB - The C-5 of 5-aminolaevulinate, a tetrapyrrole precursor which accumulates when inhibitory laevulinate is present, is derived from either the C-2 of glycine by the 5-aminolaevulinate-synthase-mediated Shemin pathway or the C-1 of 2 oxoglutarate by the C5 pathway. Thin-layer-radiochromatographic procedures are described for determining whether [2-14C]glycine or 2-[1-14C]oxoglutarate labelled the macrocycle of bacteriochlorophyll a, in addition to or rather than the methyl ester or phytyl ester moieties of the side-chains. The method was also used for detecting whether the same substrates label the formaldehyde (C-5) or the succinate (C-1 to C-4) fragments, obtained by periodate cleavage of 5 aminolaevulinate. These methods therefore can readily distinguish between the Shemin and C5 pathways as was demonstrated by using Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Zea mays (maize), respectively, as examples of each pathway. Both [2 14C]glycine and, to a lesser extent 2-[1-14C]oxoglutarate labelled the macrocycle of bacteriochlorophyll a formed during adaptation of respiring R. spheroides cells to photosynthetic (anaerobic, illuminated) conditions. This and earlier evidence suggested augmentation of the Shemin pathway by a minor C5 pathway contribution. The present studies revealed only Shemin pathway activity: with laevulinate present, [2-14C]glycine formed 5-[5-14C]aminolaevulinate as proved by H14CHO production during periodate cleavage. These methods were sufficiently sensitive also to detect the incorporation of 14CO2, from degradation of either substrate, into 5-aminolaevulinate via the Shemin pathway thus labelling the succinate fragment produced with periodate: this explains bacteriochlorophyll a labelling by 2-[1-14C]oxoglutarate and proves double labelling of 5 aminolaevulinate by [2-14C]glycine. The same techniques were applied to etiolated maize leaves exposed to aerobic illuminated conditions with laevulinate and either 2-[1-14C]oxoglutarate or [2-14C]glycine as substrates. Only the C5 pathway was detected: 2-[1-14C]oxoglutarate was converted to 5-[5-14C]aminolaevulinate, which yielded H14CHO on periodate cleavage. This is not inconsistent with our earlier 13C-NMR studies [Porra, R.J., Klein, O. and Wright, P. E. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 130, 509-516] showing that the C5 pathway formed all the 5 aminolaevulinate for chlorophyll biosynthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485525 TI - Right heart thromboembolism after cardiac surgery. AB - A patient with post-cardiac surgical thromboembolism to the heart is presented. Right heart thromboembolism is discussed with emphasis on prevention, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3485526 TI - Defective neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - The PMNs of five infants and children with homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ phenotype) revealed defective chemotactic migration, and their PiZZ sera generated a higher quantity of chemotactic factor(s). This defect(s) might have been responsible for the increased incidence of infections found in our deficient PiZZ patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of defective chemotaxis in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease associated with the PiZZ state. PMID- 3485528 TI - Quantitative and qualitative differences in HLA-DR molecules correlated with antigen-presentation capacity. AB - The monoclonal antibodies 7.3.19.1 (anti-DRw52-like) and B8.11.2 (anti-DR framework) were used for the isolation and characterization of HLA class II molecules expressed by HLA-DR3 and DR5 homozygous B cell lines. Sequential immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that from these cells class II molecules can be isolated which are characterized by the presence or absence of DR framework (DR) and DRw52-like (DRw62) determinants: (DR+, DRw52+), (DR+, DRw52-) and (DR-, DRw52+). The DR3 donor cells appeared to express only the (DR+, DRw52+) and (DR-, DRw52+) class II molecules whereas DR5-positive cells express only the (DR+, DRw52+) and (DR+, DRw52-) class II molecules. Besides qualitative differences some of the above-mentioned molecules appeared to differ in their levels of expression. To investigate whether this might have functional implications, cells with the HLA-DR3 and -5 haplotypes were used to present antigen purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) to PPD-specific T cell lines and the blocking capacity of the two monoclonal antibodies 7.3.19.1 and B8.11.2 was determined. A remarkable correlation was observed between the type of class II molecule blocked by these monoclonal antibodies and its quantitative expression. However, (DR-, DRw52+) molecules, clearly expressed by DR3 cells, were not involved in the presentation of PPD. This indicates that not only quantitative but also qualitative aspects may play a role in the selection of the type of class II molecule that will be involved in antigen presentation. PMID- 3485527 TI - Avian B cell precursors: surface immunoglobulin expression is an early, possibly bursa-independent event. AB - The avian bursa of Fabricius contains about 1 X 10(4) discrete follicles, each of which is colonized by a small number of lymphoid progenitor cells during embryonic life. We have previously shown (J.R.L. Pink et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1985. 15:617) that all, or almost all B cell progenitors in the bursae of 4-day old chicks express cell surface IgM. In this report, we have analyzed the distribution of cell surface (s)IgM-1 allotypes within individual follicles of (M 1a/M-1b) allotype heterozygous birds. Although the majority of follicles contained a mixture of sIgM-1a+ and sIgM-1b+ cells, a significant proportion of isolated follicles contained exclusively sIgM-1a+ or sIgM-1b+ cells. Statistical analysis of the frequency of such "M-1a" and "M-1b" follicles demonstrated that the sIg+ B cells in the bursae of 4-8-week-old birds are derived from 2-4 allotypically committed precursor cells per follicle. Since we have previously shown that each bursal follicle is colonized by 2-5 pre-bursal stem cells, these cells must be committed to the eventual expression of one or other allotypic haplotype before they have undergone extensive proliferation within the bursa. In addition, we show that almost all B progenitor cells from the bursae of chicks which had been allotype suppressed as embryos were committed to synthesis of the nonsuppressed allotype, showing that this commitment was essentially complete at the time of suppression (i.e. before 19 days of incubation). Finally the bone marrow of 16-day embryos was used to reconstitute the bursal lymphocytes of cyclophosphamide-treated host embryos. Reconstitution was inhibited by anti-Ig antiserum indicating that most 16-day embryonic BM-derived bursal cell precursors also express sIgM. These results raise the possibility that expression of sIgM may be controlled by a "biological clock" rather than by any inductive capacity of the bursal microenvironment. Furthermore, these results provide further evidence that in normal birds a self-renewing sIg+ B cell population in the hatched chicken is the sole source of B cells in the adult. PMID- 3485529 TI - Viral recognition by influenza A virus cross-reactive cytotoxic T (Tc) cells: the proportion of Tc cells that recognize nucleoprotein varies between individual mice. AB - L cells (H-2k) transfected with DNA coding for the A/NT/60/68 influenza nucleoprotein (NP) gene have been found previously to provide a target cell for cytotoxic T (Tc) cells. In this report we have studied the repertoire of cytotoxic memory cells in mice of different strains primed by infection with several influenza A subtypes. L cells transfected with NP and Db genes enabled us to estimate the proportion of A virus cross-reactive Tc cells specific for NP. The most striking feature of our results was variation in the frequency of NP specific Tc cells between individuals of an inbred mouse strain. Occasional individuals, although showing a strong A virus cross-reactive Tc response, had no A virus cross-reactive Tc cells that recognized NP. The NP-directed Tc repertoire represented between 0-40% of lysis of target cells infected with a heterologous type A virus. Thus, a significant proportion of A virus cross-reactive Tc cells must have different specificities for type A influenza virus. In C3H-H-2o2 mice, Dk is a low responder allele for NP recognition by Tc cells. PMID- 3485530 TI - The cellular basis of salivary immunity in the mouse: incidence and distribution of B cells, T cells and macrophages in single-cell suspensions of the major salivary glands. AB - A multiparametric analysis of the resident immune populations in the parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands was done in single-cell suspensions. The incidence of T and B cells and of macrophages was assessed using phenotypic markers in immunofluorescent staining and a functional assay was used to enumerate immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells. Characteristic frequencies and isotype distributions of cytoplasmic Ig+ B cells and surface Ig+ B lymphocytes were found in the three types of glands. Even though IgA was always found to be the predominant isotype in individual salivary secretions (90-93%) this was not directly correlated by an absolute predominance of IgA-secreting cells in the glands (45-65%). Significant percentages of T cells (Thy-1+ and Lyt-1+ cells: 3 4%) and macrophages (Mac 1+ and esterase-positive cells: 3-10%) were also recovered in our suspensions. It is therefore concluded that the murine salivary glands contain both effector and regulatory cells required for the development and expression of salivary immunity. PMID- 3485531 TI - The craniofacial morphology in individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome): a cross-sectional cephalometric study. PMID- 3485532 TI - Cell cycle progression and SCE rate of Bloom syndrome cells with/without co cultivation in the presence/absence of normal cells. AB - The present study was undertaken to examine cell cycle progression and SCE rate in three types of B-lymphoid cell line, viz., normal (KS-86), high-SCE Bloom syndrome (BS (BS2-2) and dimorphic BS (BS-SYW). In order to compare the dimorphic condition (BS-SYW) with artificial dimorphism (co-cultivation of BS2-2 with KS 86) these experiments were designed to test whether the BS B-lymphoid cell line cultures would influence the cell cycle progression and SCE rates of a normal B lymphoid cell line, and vice versa. The present study resolved the controversy reported in the literature, by finding a definite time period under co cultivation conditions when the SCE in normal cells was increased after 8 days of co-culture, whereas SCE in the BS cells decreased immediately with co cultivation. In the dimorphic BS cell line (BS-SYW) the SCE frequency of a high SCE cell population was also observed to be lower than that of a non-dimorphic BS cell line (BS2-2), thus corroborating the experimental observations under co cultivation conditions. The decrease in BS SCE and increase in normal SCE (after a particular time period) is attributed to numerous causes discussed in relation to the cell cycle progression. PMID- 3485533 TI - Specific binding of a factor inducing differentiation to mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells. AB - A factor inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells into macrophages (differentiation-inducing factor, D-factor), which was purified to homogeneity from conditioned medium of mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, could be iodinated without detectable loss of biological activity. The binding of 125I D-factor to M1 cells was specific; the binding was inhibited competitively by D factor derived from Ehrlich cells and mouse fibroblast L929 cells, but not by other growth factors or D-factor derived from differentiated M1 cells. The latter differs from D-factor of Ehrlich cells and L929 cells in antigenicity and molecular weight. At 21 degrees C, the binding was saturated at 370 pM 125I-D factor. M1 cells showed a high affinity for 125I-D-factor (dissociation constant, 1.0 X 10(-10) M) and expressed a small number of binding sites (170 per cell). Specific binding of 125I-D-factor was observed only to several clones derived from M1 cells, including those sensitive and resistant to induction of differentiation by D-factor. PMID- 3485534 TI - Immunoreactivity of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurons which secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (Vp): immunocytochemical evidence for a correlation with their functional state in colchicine-treated rats. AB - The specific immunoreactivity of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or vasopressin (Vp) was studied both centrally, in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus, and distally, in the external median eminence. Control rats were compared with adrenalectomized rats and with animals supplemented with corticosterone or dexamethasone, either without additional treatment, or 24, and 48 h after an intraventricular injection of colchicine. In all groups of animals, colchicine induced a progressive and parallel decrease in both CRH and Vp immunoreactivity within the axons of the external median eminence. A semi-quantitative estimation of this axonal immunostaining showed that the decrease was clearly correlated with the axons' releasing activity according to the different functional states of the adrenocorticotropic system. Increased rates of hormonal release induced by adrenalectomy could be seen in the accelerated depletion of axonal immunoreactivity whereas corticosteroid supplementation had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the progressive intensification of the CRH and Vp immunoreactivity within the perikarya following colchicine treatment was further markedly enhanced in adrenalectomized rats and diminished after corticosteroid supplementation. Taken together, these data suggest that in these neurons, perikaryal hormone synthesis may be closely related to the releasing activity of the axon terminals. They further point to appropriate colchicine treatment as useful tool for evaluating the functional state of CRH and Vp neurons of the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus under various experimental conditions. PMID- 3485535 TI - The presence of a calcitonin gene-related peptide in the olivocochlear bundle in rat. AB - The origins of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive (CGRPI) fibers in the cochlea were examined in rats. Parasagittal transection of the brain just medial to the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus resulted in the ipsilateral disappearance of CGRPI fibers in the cochlea, indicating that the origins of these fibers lie in the central nervous system. Next, we used a highly sensitive method combining retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to identify the origins of the CGRPI fibers in the cochlea. After injection of biotin-wheat germ agglutinin (b-WGA) into the cochlea, CGRPI neurons in the ipsilateral lateral superior olivary nucleus also contained b-WGA granules. These findings indicated that CGRPI efferent fibers are major components of the olivocochlear bundle. PMID- 3485536 TI - The in vitro effects of endogenous opiates on natural killer cells, antigen specific cytolytic T cells, and T-cell subsets. AB - In concert with the known effects of stress on immune function, we examined a possible neurohumoral connection. The endogenous opiates beta-endorphin, dynorphin, and methionine-enkephalin were assessed for their in vitro effects on human natural killer cell activity, antigen-specific cytolysis, and numbers and ratios of T cells and T-cell subsets. Preincubation with beta-endorphin, an opiate released into the circulation during various stresses, caused a 50% reduction in natural killer cell activity. All endogenous opiates significantly decreased antigen-specific cytolysis. Inhibition of cytolysis in vitro was not mediated through an alteration of T-cell subsets or inhibition of T-cell soluble factors (interleukin 2). The direct effects of these opiates on cytolytic T-cell and natural killer cell function may provide a link between stress and disease susceptibility. PMID- 3485537 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis: electrophoretic analysis and heterogeneity among isolates due to high-molecular-weight trichomonad proteins. AB - The protein composition of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates was evaluated using one dimensional and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. At least two hundred intrinsically labeled and about 30 major extrinsically labeled proteins of molecular weights less than 120,000 were resolved by isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis. In general, long-term grown and fresh isolates of T. vaginalis gave similar fluorograms of the readily detectable proteins. Only a minor variance in a distinct protein was noted among three of the four fresh isolated tested. Labeling with [35S]methionine or 3H-amino acids gave almost identical profiles, ensuring the efficient radiolabeling of trichomonad proteins that dominate quantitatively. Comparative analysis of radioactivity profiles of one-dimensional gels emphasizing the region of high-molecular-weight proteins known to reside in low copy number revealed the presence or absence of the internally synthesized proteins from surfaces of T. vaginalis isolates. Finally, immunoblotting of two dimensional gels demonstrated the highly immunogenic nature of proteins corresponding to quantitatively dominant molecular weight regions of intrinsically labeled proteins. PMID- 3485538 TI - Morphogenesis of human colon cancer cells with fetal rat mesenchymes in organ culture. AB - The morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of human colon cancer cells (LS174T and HT29) were examined by combining cancer cells with fetal rat digestive-tract mesenchyme in organ culture. LS174T cells migrated into the mesenchyme to form glandular structures composed of single columnar cells with their nuclei oriented basally, while HT29 cells formed cell masses with little lumen formation. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen and secretory components showed that the composition of cell surface glycoproteins was not necessarily reversed to the normal type, even when neoplastic cells exhibited normal glandular structures. PMID- 3485539 TI - Interleukin 2 induces rapid phosphorylation of cellular proteins in murine T lymphocytes. AB - When quiescent murine T-lymphocyte cells were stimulated by the addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2), they reinitiated DNA synthesis after a lag period of 5 h. Under these conditions, rapid but transient phosphorylation of two cellular proteins with Mr values of 27 000 and 26 000 was detected; maximal phosphorylation occurred within 10-15 min after the addition of IL-2. The protein of Mr 27 000 contained phosphoserine, while the protein of Mr 26 000 contained phosphothreonine. PMID- 3485540 TI - Ectopic synthesis of high-Mr calcitonin by the BEN lung carcinoma cell line reflects aberrant proteolytic processing. AB - Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the human calcitonin mRNA from the BEN lung carcinoma cell line, a cell line known to secrete high-Mr forms of calcitonin, showed no difference in the coding region at the nucleotide level compared with calcitonin mRNA isolated from medullary thyroid carcinoma which secretes calcitonin monomer. Therefore, the secretion of high-Mr forms of calcitonin reflects the absence or limited activity of proteolytic processing enzymes within the secretory pathway of this cell line. In all other respects, as judged by RNA blotting and S1 mapping, calcitonin/alpha-CGRP expression was identical to that found in medullary thyroid carcinoma, including the differential use of an alternative splice donor site within intron 1. The BEN cell line also produces low levels of alpha-CGRP mRNA and secretes CGRP antigenic determinants. Analysis of plasma CGRP levels in 12 patients with anaplastic lung carcinoma showed elevated levels in 11 of these, suggesting that CGRP may be an important diagnostic marker for this disease. PMID- 3485541 TI - Type IX collagen is a potent inducer of PGE2 and interleukin 1 production by human monocyte macrophages. AB - Type IX collagen and its collagenous fragments are potent stimulatory agents on human blood mononuclear cells for the production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1/mononuclear cell factor. Type IX collagen is 2-4-fold more potent that type I and II and 1 alpha-, 2 alpha- and 3 alpha-collagens. This property may be important in the destructive process of cartilage in inflammatory diseases. PMID- 3485542 TI - Studies on the mechanism of MPTP oxidation by human liver monoamine oxidase B. AB - The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its deuterated analogues were oxidized to their corresponding dihydropyridinium species (MPDP+) by preparations of pure human liver MAO B:monoclonal antibody complex to investigate the mechanism of MPTP activation. Lineweaver-Burk plots of initial reaction rates revealed that the Km,app values for the various deuterated MPTP analogues were similar to those of MPTP. In contrast, Vmax,app values were substantially decreased by substitution of deuterium for hydrogen on the tetrahydropyridinium ring, especially at C-6. Deuterium substitution on the N methyl group alone did not significantly reduce Vmax,app. These studies support the interpretation that oxidation of MPTP at the C-6 position on the tetrahydropyridine ring is a major rate-determining step in its biotransformation by MAO B. PMID- 3485544 TI - Interrelationships between zinc and immune function. AB - Zinc deficiency is a common nutritional problem observed both in human and in animal populations that has profound effects on host defense mechanisms. Using the young adult mouse as a model, it has been demonstrated that a moderate period of suboptimal zinc causes thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, and alterations in the proportions of the various subsets of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. As a result, antibody-mediated responses to both T cell-dependent and T cell independent antigens are significantly reduced. Cytolytic T cell responses, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are also depressed. Suboptimal zinc during in utero development of mice causes persistent states of immunodeficiency in the offspring that can even be transferred to subsequent generations. In regard to human immunological consequences of zinc deficiency, patients with the genetic disorder of zinc absorption, acrodermatitis enteropathica, also exhibit atrophic thymuses, lymphopenia, anergic DTH responses, and reduced NK cell activity. Patients suffering from sickle cell anemia or uremia with associated deficiencies in zinc exhibit similar immune deficiencies. An additional outcome of these studies has been shown to be an essential cofactor for thymulin, one of the thymic hormones. Furthermore, addition of zinc salts to culture can polyclonally activate lymphocytes as well as augment responses to mitogens in adjuvant-like manner. PMID- 3485543 TI - The acid-stable proteinase inhibitor of human mucous secretions (HUSI-I, antileukoprotease). Complete amino acid sequence as revealed by protein and cDNA sequencing and structural homology to whey proteins and Red Sea turtle proteinase inhibitor. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of human antileukoprotease has been determined by direct sequencing of the inhibitory active protein isolated from seminal plasma (HUSI-I) and by sequence analysis of cDNA reverse-transcribed from mRNA prepared from cervical tissue. The inhibitor (Mr 11726) consists of 107 amino acid residues including 16 cysteines presumably forming disulfide bonds. The molecule comprises two consecutive domains which are homologous to each other, to the second domain of the basic protease inhibitor from Red Sea turtle (chelonianin) and to both domains of the whey proteins of rat and mouse. Both domains contain a pattern of cysteines known as the 'four-disulfide-core' that has also been found in wheat germ agglutinin and neurophysin. PMID- 3485545 TI - [The lupus band test. III. Relation to the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3485546 TI - Tioconazole 2% cream in the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis or mixed vaginal infections. AB - Twenty patients with documented T. vaginalis infections, six of whom were simultaneously infected with C. albicans and one with G. vaginalis, were treated topically (intravaginally) once daily with 5 g of 2% tioconazole vaginal cream (Trosyd, Pfizer) for 3 consecutive days in an open, non-comparative study. At the first follow-up visit (about 7 days post-treatment), 95% (19/20) of the patients were cured; 95% (18/19) of patients remained cured with respect to the baseline infection at the long-term follow-up (2 months post-treatment) visit, and one patient had a reinfection or relapse with T. vaginalis. Only one patient reported a side-effect, a mild vaginal burning which disappeared with continued treatment. It was concluded that tioconazole 2% vaginal cream is safe and effective for the treatment of T. vaginalis and mixed vaginal infections. PMID- 3485547 TI - Development of T lymphocytes in Xenopus laevis: appearance of the antigen recognized by an anti-thymocyte mouse monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3485548 TI - [Epidemiology of Chlamydia infections]. AB - Cultural and serological tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infection were performed in 213 patients at Dusseldorf University Gynecological Clinic Dusseldorf. 16 of these patients were tissue culture positive. Titers of antibodies greater than 1:100 were found in 37 patients with the ELISA. In tumorpatients the incidence of acute infection is not different from others, however antibodies were found in 35% of all tumorsera tested. PMID- 3485549 TI - [Characteristics of hypoplastic preleukemic conditions]. PMID- 3485550 TI - [Clinico-genetic aspects of Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3485551 TI - In vitro ovarian responses to pulsatile and continuous gonadotrophin administration on steroid secretion and oocyte maturation in the frogs, Rana pipiens and Rana catesbeiana. AB - An in vitro superfusion system was used to study the relative effects of pulsatile and continuous gonadotrophin administration on steroid secretion and oocyte maturation in Rana pipiens ovaries. Pulsatile (10 min pulse/hr) delivery of pituitary extract (PE) resulted in a slightly (insignificantly) lower level of testosterone (T) secretion over a 12-hr period. Administration of a fivefold lower, subliminal amount of PE instead of hormone-free media between pulses did not change the pattern of T secretion. When the interpulse frequency was increased to 2 or 3 hr, there were notable oscillations in T secretion which corresponded to the peaks in luteinizing hormone associated with the PE. In four experiments ovarian fragments underwent oocyte maturation, but this occurred only in fragments that received continuous PE stimulation. Progesterone (P) secretion was measurable only when oocyte maturation was observed in the ovarian fragment. Rana catesbeiana ovarian fragments exposed to continuous superfusion with homologous PE produced more T than those receiving hourly pulses of PE over a 6 hr period. Oocyte maturation accompanied by P secretion was observed in one experiment under continuous, but not pulsatile administration of PE. These results suggest that the frog ovary may be more resistant than the mammalian ovary to "down-regulation" under continuous gonadotrophic stimulation. The implications of these results on the frog pituitary--gonadal axis are discussed. PMID- 3485552 TI - Kinetics of lymphocyte subpopulation in intestinal mucosa of protein deficient Giardia lamblia infected mice. AB - Kinetics of gut lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in normal and malnourished groups of mice infected with Giardia lamblia. The maximum parasite load was observed at second, third, and first week of postinfection in normal controls, moderate (8%) and severe (3%) protein deficient groups respectively. The number of G lamblia trophozoite in 3% protein deficient group was low compared with control groups. A significant increase in T cell population of intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria in normal and moderate protein deficient groups was observed with the development of infection. It was less marked, however, in the severely malnourished group. Interplay of mucosal immune status with nutrition and G lamblia infection is discussed. PMID- 3485554 TI - [Interdependence of ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3485553 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis and mosaic colposcopic pattern of the cervix: casual or causal association? AB - We made a retrospective study of the flora found in the vaginal smears of sexually active women who presented with a mosaic colposcopic pattern of the uterine cervix in an attempt to study some of its epidemiologic factors. Of the 195 cervicovaginal cytologies of patients with mosaic, 61 revealed an abnormal flora (31.2%) while of the 9,856 patients without mosaic, only 2,234 cytologies had an abnormal flora (22.7%) demonstrating a statistically significant higher frequency (p less than 0.0001) of an abnormal flora in women with a mosaic pattern on the cervix. A statistically significant association (p less than 0.02) was encountered between the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis and the mosaic colposcopic pattern, and surprisingly a statistically greater frequency (p less than 0.05) of biopsied dysplasias in the same group. At the moment we can interpret these observations as nothing more than interesting initial findings. PMID- 3485556 TI - [Cancer in the aged. An area of oncology in which there is much to be discovered]. PMID- 3485555 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. Morphology update for forensic pathologists--1985. AB - Herein presented are current concepts regarding the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) including a definition of the phenomenon and a discussion of its present role in post-neonatal mortality in this country, a few of the recently published results (both clinical and morphological) of the NICHD Cooperative Epidemiologic Study, a report on the status of the so-called "Tissue-Markers for Hypoxia" and a summary of other recent morphologic observations. PMID- 3485557 TI - [Dorsolateral thalamic infarct syndrome with therapeutically modifiable pain crises]. AB - The Controlateral Pain Flexor Reflex (CPFR) is demonstrated by a case study of a thalamic syndrome with a typical thalamic hand, thalamic foot, and thalamic pain crisis. Mechanical triggering by a painful irritation on the healthy hand side leads to a stronger motoric-nocifensic reflex response of the contralateral extremities. On the other hand the healthy person would develop an ipsilateral nocifensic response only. In the case reported here, the electrically evoked CPFR led to the same result, and simultaneously caused disappearance of the thalamic pain, since this kind of management represents therapeutical approach via the endorphin system. In respect of the pathophysiological basis of the thalamic modified nocifensic reflex response, we are inclined to believe that painful stimulation evokes an accentuated flexor reaction if the thalamic-controlled influences are omitted by a lesion of the specific nuclei. PMID- 3485558 TI - Coronary venous retroperfusion delivery of treatment to ischemic myocardium. AB - Renewed efforts are under way to apply clinically oriented coronary venous retroperfusion methods for treatment of myocardium jeopardized by major coronary artery obstructions. Based upon improved understanding of criteria for retroperfusion effectiveness and safety, improved arterial blood retroperfusion and pharmacologic agent retroinfusion techniques have been demonstrated to provide significant myocardial infarct salvage and enhance cardiac function. The retrograde systems also have a potential for prompt lysis of an acute coronary artery thrombus and for treatment of refractory arrhythmias. Retroperfusion may constitute an effective protective support when used in conjunction with new aggressive interventions, maintaining jeopardized myocardial viability and function pending permanent reversal of a severe coronary flow insufficiency or emergency revascularization in evolving acute infarction. Clinical applications are anticipated in the setting of unstable angina and arrhythmias, as circulatory assist during complex coronary angioplasty and thrombolytic procedures, and as adjunct support of cardiac surgery. PMID- 3485559 TI - Large-cell intestinal lymphoma occurring in coeliac disease: morphological and immunohistochemical features. AB - Histological material was studied in five unselected cases of intestinal large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, occurring in patients either with previously diagnosed coeliac disease, or with atrophic mucosa at the time of diagnosis. The morphological diagnosis in each case was centroblastic lymphoma: these tumours were composed of large cells with pale nuclei and prominent nucleoli. No phagocytosis was evident, but some cells showed considerable pleomorphism. Polykaryotic giant cells were infrequent. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme, alpha-1-anti-trypsin and alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin failed to demonstrate any of these proteins in the tumour cells, although they were identified in accompanying reactive macrophages. There is thus no evidence for a histiocytic nature in these five cases. The tumours were immunoglobulin-negative. Again, polyclonal immunoglobulin could be demonstrated in reactive (plasma) cells in and near the tumour. The relevance of these immunological markers is discussed. We suggest that these tumours, and possibly some of those reported in a similar situation by other investigators, are in fact lymphocytic in origin. They are probably examples of centroblastic lymphoma, although T-cell lymphoma, rare in the gastrointestinal tract, cannot be ruled out by our immunohistological studies. PMID- 3485561 TI - [B-cell subpopulation, rosetting with mouse erythrocytes, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Inactive peripheral B-cells rosetting with mouse erythrocytes (BMR+), as well as the stimulation with anti-mu sepharose beads of peripheral mononuclear cells, are diminished in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These data provide further evidence for a B-cell activation in active RA. PMID- 3485560 TI - Sensors for use with functional neuromuscular stimulation. PMID- 3485562 TI - [Effect of cefodizime on the immune system: in vitro studies]. AB - Cefodizime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with high efficacy, especially in experimental infections. The in vivo activity may be partly due to an immunomodulatory effect. Macrophages in cefodizime-treated mice showed enhanced activity (chemiluminescence, IL-1-synthesis, IFN-synthesis). The number of PFC increased during the treatment with cefodizime. The spleen cells of these mice showed elevated responses to dextransulfate and LPS but not to ConA or PHA. PMID- 3485564 TI - Transformation induced by Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in unprimed murine spleen cells: identity and MHC restriction of participating cell types. AB - Transformation induced by Echinococcus granulosus in unprimed murine spleen cells in vitro was not prevented by rigorous T- or B-cell depletion. When naive T- or B cell populations were further depleted of macrophages, B-cell transformation was relatively unaffected whereas T-cell transformation was totally inhibited. Peritoneal macrophages from infected mice could present a mitogenic stimulus to purified, naive T-cells, provided that the T-cells had identity in the I region of the H2 complex. K/D identity was neither necessary nor sufficient. It is concluded that transformation can be induced by E. granulosus in both T- and B cells and that, at least in naive T-cells, the stimulus can be an I region restricted, macrophage-presented signal. PMID- 3485563 TI - Influence of tumour carriage on the production of lymphokines affecting macrophage behaviour. AB - Normal and cyclophosphamide (Cy)-enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were severely impaired in CD1 mice injected with 10(6) viable Landschutz ascites carcinoma (LAC) cells at the time of immunization. The tumour-induced suppression of DTH was accompanied by inhibition of splenic T-lymphocyte responses to antigen and mitogen. This was assessed by measuring lymphocyte transformation and the production of two lymphokines affecting macrophage behavior, i.e. lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor (LDCF) and macrophage procoagulant-inducing factor (MPIF). Our results imply that impaired production/function of lymphokines affecting macrophage behaviour may play a key role in tumour-induced suppression of cell-mediated immunity and that this inhibition is independent of Cy-sensitive suppressor cells. PMID- 3485565 TI - Circulatory antigens of Heymann nephritis. I. Identification and partial characterization. AB - Previously, we have isolated and characterized a complex glycoprotein antigen (gp600) from the rat kidney that can induce Heymann nephritis (HN) in the rat. A monospecific antibody against the gp600 was used as a probe to document the existence of cross-reactive antigens in normal rat serum. A competitive radioimmunoassay measured the concentration in normal rat serum as being 45.5 +/- 10.2 micrograms/ml (n = 17). Molecular exclusion gel chromatography of normal rat serum identified gp600 activity in three distinct peaks corresponding to the molecular weights of 150,000, 110,000 and 70,000, respectively. Soluble immune complexes of mean molecular weight 1.1 X 10(6) were formed when normal rat serum was reacted with affinity-purified 125I anti-gp600. Normal rat serum, electrophoresed in 8% SDS-PAGE gels, transblotted to nitrocellulose membrane and reacted with anti-gp600 by indirect immunoperoxidase technique, identified three to four bands in the molecular weight region of 66,000-80,000. Isoelectric focusing revealed these antigens to be anionic (pI of 4.5-5.5) in nature. We conclude that normal rat serum contains antigens that cross-react with gp600. Further, these antigens are anionic in nature and form soluble immune complexes with anti-gp600 in vitro. The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of HN is discussed. PMID- 3485566 TI - Generation of natural killer cells from bone marrow precursors in vitro. AB - A simple and highly reproducible bone marrow culture system for the generation of cytolytically active NK cells from immature precursors in the bone marrow is described. The NK cells can be generated with various sources of IL-2, including Con A-conditioned medium, supernatants from IL-2-producing cell lines and recombinant IL-2. Neither IL-1, IL-3 nor alpha/beta interferon induced significant cytotoxicity in bone marrow cells. Identification of the cytotoxic cells as NK cells was based on their phenotypic characteristics (aGM1+, Thy 1 +/ , Ly 1-2- X Ia-, RIL-2 +/-, H2+), as well as their spectrum of target specificity. The deliberate addition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source of mature NK cells and elimination of cells expressing markers specific for mature NK cells indicated that the generated NK cells were descendants of precursors of NK cells harboured in the bone marrow and not derived from mature NK cells contaminating the bone marrow preparations. Thus, it was shown that not only functionally active NK cells but also their precursors are highly dependent on IL-2 for differentiation and growth. This culture system should be helpful in studying the origin of NK cells in relation to other cell lineages as well as the regulation of the maturation of NK cells from their precursors. PMID- 3485567 TI - Hybrid resistance modulates the inflammatory process induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-immune T cells. AB - The magnitude of the meningitis occurring 72 hr after adoptive transfer of 8-day lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV)-immune effector T cells from cyclophosphamide treated or untreated donors into cyclophosphamide-suppressed, LCMV-infected recipients is modified by the hybrid histocompatibility (Hh) effect. Evidence of inhibition in (H-2Kd Dd X H-2Kb Db)F1, as compared with H-2Kb Db, recipient mice is found for H-2Kd Db, H-2Kd Db and (H-2Kk Db X H-2Kb Db)F1, but not for (H-2Kk Dk X H-2Kb Db)F1 or H-2Kb Dd, LCMV-immune donor populations. The effect is cell dose-dependent, and the inflammatory process is 2.5-10 times lower in F1 than in recipient mice of parental type. These data indicate that the Hh effect is not directed solely at precursor populations, or at T cells which bear idiotypes reactive to MHC glycoproteins expressed in the F1 recipients. The inflammatory process initiated by fully-functional, LCMV-immune T cells is inhibited in the same way. The fact that the levels of natural killer cell activity in the virus infected, cyclophosphamide-treated recipients are not much higher than those in normal mice indicates that the operation of hybrid resistance in LCM is not likely to be a special case, and should be taken into account in all T cell transfer systems. PMID- 3485568 TI - Characterization of a T-lymphocyte membrane protein involved in T-cell function: its contribution to T-cell recognition or cellular interaction. AB - A monoclonal antibody (Ab188) specific for guinea-pig T lymphocytes recognizes a membrane heterodimer protein (alpha-chain, MW 43,000; beta-chain, 39,000) and inhibits efficiently the antigen-, mitogen- or alloantigen-induced T-cell proliferation. The role of this protein in T-cell activation was analysed in more detail with emphasis on the recognition or activation event of T cells. Quin 2, an intracellularly trapped calcium indicator, was used to measure calcium influx into T cells. The addition of the mitogen concanavalin A to T cells loaded previously with quin 2 induced an increase in fluorescence, revealing an increase in intracellular free calcium. This calcium increase is considered as one of the primary events in the initiation of T-cell activation and was blocked by Ab188. In contrast, other T-cell specific antibodies that react to a comparable extent with T cells had no effect on calcium increase. This indicates that Ab188 is directed to a protein involved in a very early step of T-cell activation. Alloreactive T-cell lines were established from a secondary mixed leucocyte culture by soft agar cloning. Single T-cell colonies were picked and were propagated by repeated restimulation with allogeneic macrophages differing in MHC class II antigens. In a chromium release assay, the cytotoxic activity of several strain 13 T-cell lines directed against strain 2 Ia antigens was inhibited by Ab188 to about 50%. Similarly, Ab188 inhibited the cytotoxic activity of a MHC class I-restricted TNP-specific T-cell line of strain 2 guinea-pigs to about 50%. In contrast, lectin-mediated cytotoxicity of the T-cell lines against murine P815 mastocytoma target cells remained unaffected. These results indicate that Ab188 interferes with the function of a protein contributing to the recognition event in the process of T-cell activation. PMID- 3485569 TI - Induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by T-cell lines. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was induced in genetically susceptible Lewis rats by passive transfer of T-lymphocyte cell lines from long-term cultures primed against soluble retinal antigen (S-Ag). A continuous T-cell line was established from non-adherent lymph node cells of S-Ag-immunized Lewis rats. The lymphoid cells were propagated in vitro by serially restimulating them with S-Ag in the presence of irradiated syngeneic spleen cells and expanding them in IL-2 containing media. The cell lines exhibited markers specific for T lymphocytes and the majority had the helper phenotype. When naive rats were inoculated intravenously with anti S-Ag T-cell lines re-exposed to the antigen prior to injection, they developed uveoretinitis with both clinical and histological characteristics in half the time required by S-Ag to induce the disease by active immunization. The rats exhibited a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction towards S-Ag. PMID- 3485570 TI - Cyclosporine facilitates B-cell membrane immunoglobulin capping. AB - The immunomodulatory molecule cyclosporine was found to cause an early acceleration of the capping of mouse B-cell membrane immunoglobulin. This was most marked when the capping process was slightly retarded by keeping the cells at 32 degrees. This is a sign that the drug can cause B-cell membrane alterations. At lower drug doses they might not be as easily detected, but are nevertheless sufficient to inhibit the activation of some B cells by membrane immunoglobulin clustering. PMID- 3485571 TI - HLA haplotypes with C4B5; evidence for further allelic heterogeneity. AB - Twenty-three individuals from various disease groups and normal controls were identified by immunofixation with anti-C4, C4-dependent lysis, determination of Rg (Rodgers) and Ch (Chido) phenotypes, and immunoblotting with C4-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. We found that one haplotype predominates with the C4B*5 allele, HLA-A11, B22(55), Cw3, Bf*S, C4A*4B*5, which also carries the Ch1,-2, 3 haplotype. The B5 allotype was also found with HLA-B60, HLA-B35 in Caucasoids, and HLA-B18 in non-Caucasoids; these carried the Ch-1, -2, -3 haplotype. Our results are in accord with an earlier report of two B5 subtypes, B5Rg+ and B5Rg- (Roos et al. 1984). The specificity of the mouse monoclonal antibodies IC4 and 2B12 had been previously related to C4A and C4B, respectively, but our results suggest that they relate more closely to Rg and Ch determinants. PMID- 3485572 TI - Nonspecific influx of cytotoxic T cells into influenza virus-infected lungs of mice. AB - The influx of cytotoxic T cells into A/WSN influenza virus-infected mouse lungs was investigated by adoptive transfer with [125I] 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]UdR)-labeled syngeneic cells. More A/WSN virus-immune secondary effector T cells were localized in the A/WSN virus-infected lungs than in the uninfected lungs, the ratios being in the range 2.5-5.0 Nonimmune control cells, in contrast, showed no significant difference in the localization pattern in infected compared to uninfected lungs. Virus-immune T cells of different antigenic specificities, i.e., Sendai or Semliki Forest virus-immune secondary effector T cells, however, also localized more in A/WSN virus-infected than in uninfected lungs, but the heterologous virus-immune T cells were retained in the A/WSN virus-infected lungs for a shorter time than A/WSN virus-immune secondary effector T cells. The work suggests mechanisms other than antigenic specificity may be important in the localization of immune T cells in virus-infected lungs. PMID- 3485573 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. AB - The effect of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CS-A) on immunity to the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was investigated in unprimed and primed mice. Different treatment protocols were followed to evaluate the time dependence of CS-A-mediated immune suppression and the effect of CS-A on immunological memory to L. monocytogenes. The effect of CS-A was observed only during and after activation of T cell-mediated immunity, whereas early resistance exerted by macrophages assessed 6 and 70 min after challenge remained unaffected. CS-A suppressed efficient elimination of L. monocytogenes even when given after day 3 of a primary infection. This contrasts with findings in other models, including viral infections, where CS-A must be administered very early in an immune response to suppress it. CS-A suppressed antibacterial resistance in mice primed at various times before challenge; suppression of protection was time dependent and was virtually complete in livers, whereas CS-A-resistant memory persisted in spleens for up to 10 months. PMID- 3485574 TI - Genetic relationships of serologically nontypable and serotype b strains of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A collection of 242 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, including 65 nontypable (unencapsulated) isolates and 177 encapsulated serotype b isolates recovered largely from children with invasive and noninvasive diseases in the United States, was characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 15 metabolic enzymes presumably encoded by chromosomal genes. All enzymes were polymorphic for three to seven electromorphs, and 94 distinctive multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types [ETs]) were distinguished, among which mean genetic (allelic) diversity was 0.500. Isolates recovered from cases of invasive or noninvasive diseases did not differ significantly in level of genetic variation. The observation that 29 ETs were represented exclusively by serotype b isolates and that each of the 65 nontypable isolates was of a unique ET strongly confirmed the hypothesis that unencapsulated clinical isolates are not merely phenotypic variants of the common serotype b cell lines. Rather, the two types of isolates are distinctive subsets of the multilocus chromosomal genotypes of the species as a whole. Serotype b capsule occurred in three groups of isolates that are distantly related in multilocus enzyme genotype. Isolates of four closely related nontypable biotype IV ETs associated with obstetrical infections or neonatal bacteremia were highly divergent from all others examined and may be specifically distinct. A phylogenetic scenario was proposed in which the ancestor of H. influenzae was encapsulated and the nontypable clones arose by convergent evolutionary loss of the ability to synthesize or extracellularly express a polysaccharide capsule. PMID- 3485576 TI - Recurrent meningitis due to pneumococci and non-typable Haemophilus influenzae in a child with a Mondini malformation. AB - An eight-year-old boy with a congenital inner ear malformation and recurrent otitis media had three episodes of bacteriologically confirmed meningitis within seven months. The first episode was caused by pneumococci, the other two by non typable Haemophilus influenzae. All episodes were characterized by an abrupt onset. The CSF cultures were positive within 0.5 to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. Despite misleading laboratory studies, surgical exploration revealed a CSF fistula associated to the inner ear anomaly. No further episodes occurred after the fistula was closed. Careful roentgenographic evaluation, including recently introduced special computed tomography (CT) methods, is indicated in recurrent meningitis. In addition, such evaluations should be considered even after the first episode, when special clinical features suggest a CSF fistula. Such features include an extremely rapid onset and detection of common non invasive bacteria as causative agents, as illustrated by the present case. PMID- 3485577 TI - Regulation of ongoing IgE synthesis by human T-cell supernatants derived from atopic and nonatopic donors. AB - Supernatants derived from T cells of donors with and without atopic disease were assessed to determine whether they could regulate ongoing IgE, IgG, or IgA synthesis of three different human B-cell lines. The results were compared with the ability of T-cell supernatants from the atopic donors to specifically induce IgE synthesis of nonatopic peripheral blood B lymphocytes (PBL-B cells). We found that, when tested on the B-cell lines, the T-cell supernatants from atopic donors doubled the IgE as well as the IgG and IgA synthesis. Although the T-cell supernatants from nonatopic donors had no effect on Ig synthesis of PBL-B cells or on the IgG of the IgG-secreting cell line, the supernatants doubled the IgE and moderately enhanced IgA synthesis of the IgE- and IgG-secreting cell lines. These results demonstrate that T-cell supernatants derived from atopic and nonatopic donors differ in their regulatory effects, not only on PBL-B cells, as had been shown previously by others, but also in their effects on ongoing Ig production. PMID- 3485575 TI - Release of interleukin-1 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with tuberculosis and active inflammation. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis and acute inflammatory disease showed spontaneous interleukin-1 production when compared with those from control patients or healthy controls. Moreover, interleukin-1 production appeared to be a more specific indicator of active disease than were other commonly used indices, such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein levels. PMID- 3485578 TI - Blocking of IgM-mediated single radial haemolysis by IgA and non-complement fixing IgM anti-type-III pneumococcal antibodies. AB - The results reported here provide information on the effects of mouse non complement-fixing (NCF) IgM anti-type-III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) in blocking single radial haemolysis (SRH) mediated by complement-fixing (CF) IgM or CF hybrid IgM/A anti-SIII antibodies. The results consistently showed that highly avid NCF IgM or IgA anti-SIII antibodies could prevent the detection of CF IgM or CF IgM/A anti-SIII antibodies by SRH. The altered haemolysis produced by NCF IgM and IgA antibodies in the primary response is similar to that reported when the SRH test was used to screen for primary rubella infection. The findings indicate that false-negative results can be due to the early production of NCF IgM antibodies which can block the detection of CF IgM antibodies particularly if the erythrocytes are coated suboptimally with antigen. PMID- 3485579 TI - T cell responses to a Dermatophagoides farinae allergen preparation in allergics and healthy controls. AB - We have studied possible differences between mite-allergic individuals and healthy controls in their T cell proliferation and T cell surface markers after in vitro stimulation with a Dermatophagoides farinae allergen preparation. No significant differences were found between the two groups in 3H-thymidine incorporation in T cells after 7 days in culture with allergen- and antigen presenting cells. The frequencies of allergen-reactive T cells determined by limiting dilution were also similar in the two groups. Finally, no differences were found in surface markers on allergen-activated T cells from mite-allergic and healthy blood donors using a variety of monoclonal antibodies reactive with T cell subsets and activation antigens. Our conclusion is that with the D. farinae preparation employed in this investigation and using T cells prepared from peripheral blood no significant differences were seen between mite allergics and controls. PMID- 3485580 TI - Effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. AB - Administration of Bordetella pertussis vaccine simultaneously with the immunization of rats with guinea pig encephalitogenic protein in Freund's complete adjuvant results in the development of hyperacute encephalomyelitis in the Lewis strain, a strain which reacts with ordinary experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when immunization is performed without pertussis vaccine. A marked augmentation of the EAE response was seen with pertussis vaccine in the Fischer and PVG strains, both low responders without pertussis, and relapsing EAE developed in some animals. Hyperacute EAE did not develop, however. No effect was seen on the resistant BN strain, but strong EAE developed in the otherwise low susceptible F1(BN X F) and the practically resistant F2(BN X F) hybrids - in the latter hybrids, EAE developed only when Ir-EAE genes linked to AgB 1 were present. In the F1 hybrids, pertussis vaccine could be given from 4 days before to 5 days after the immunization and an effect was still seen, although a maximal effect was seen when the vaccine was given at 0 or 2 days after immunization. PMID- 3485581 TI - Clonal evolution of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a patient with ataxia telangiectasia. AB - Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which patients show an unusual predisposition to malignant disease, including T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. We report here the steady growth over 5 years of a complex, cytogenetically abnormal clone of T lymphocytes in an A-T patient who was subsequently found to have an OKT3/OKT8 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The tumour cells at diagnosis had clearly evolved from a pre-existing, cytogenetically abnormal T-cell clone which contained an inv(14) chromosomal inversion alone. PMID- 3485582 TI - Recurrent chromosome abnormalities in adult T-cell lymphomas of peripheral T-cell origin. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on 11 Japanese patients with adult T-cell lymphoma of peripheral T-cell origin. All patients had a histologic diagnosis of diffuse lymphoma, and were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy; their median survival was 6 months. Lymphomas were categorized on the basis of the classification proposed by the Lymphoma Study Group of Japan: 5 patients had the features of pleomorphic lymphoma; 3, mixed lymphoma; 2, large-cell lymphoma; and 1, medium-sized-cell lymphoma. The modal chromosome number of abnormal cells was near-diploid in 7, and hypotetraploid in 4 including 3 patients with pleomorphic lymphoma. Abnormalities of the clonal chromosomes were observed in all 11 patients. A translocation of the short arm of 19 at band 19p13 was found in 2 patients with pleomorphic lymphoma and in one patient each with mixed lymphoma and medium-sized-cell lymphoma. A translocation of the short arm of 14, with a break at band 14p12, occurred in 4 patients with pleomorphic lymphoma. In one patient each with mixed lymphoma and large-cell lymphoma, an extra chromosome 3 was found. The numerical change was unique because their lymphomas were further categorized as "angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia" and "large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma", respectively. Our findings suggest that characteristic chromosome abnormalities occur in adult T-cell lymphoma, and dividing cells in the tetraploid range tend to be predominant in pleomorphic lymphoma. PMID- 3485583 TI - The effect of interferon on experimental metastases in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. AB - A recombinant human hybrid alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A/D) with antiviral, immunomodulating and cell-growth-inhibitory activity on murine cells strongly inhibited the development of experimental pulmonary metastases of the Colo 26 adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice. Twenty-one days after i.v. injection of 5 X 10(4) cells, 8/8 control mice had greater than 200 lung tumour nodules whereas 1/6 mice receiving 500 ng rIFN-alpha A/D had one lung tumour nodule and the other 5 mice were tumour-free. Equally strong inhibition was seen in immunodeficient BALB/c nu/nu (athymic) and beige nu/nu (athymic and NK-deficient) mice. Scheduling experiments in vivo showed that the most important time of IFN treatment was from the day of tumour cell injection to day 5, although statistically significant reductions in lung tumour nodule number and lung weight were seen even when IFN treatment was started 7 days after cell injection. rIFN-alpha A/D was cytostatic to Colo 26 in vitro, causing 50% or more inhibition of cell growth or colony number at IFN levels that could be achieved in the sera of IFN-treated mice. Although rIFN-alpha A/D stimulated NK-cell activity in BALB/c mice, Colo 26 cells were resistant in vitro to such cells whether from control or IFN treated mice. PMID- 3485584 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetic study of four different sulfonamides in combination with trimethoprim in human volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of four different sulfonamides i. e., sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Sulfamoxole (SMO), Sulfadiazine (SDZ) and Sulfadimidine (SDD) in combination with trimethoprim (TMP) were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Plasma and urine concentrations of sulfonamides were measured at different time intervals. No significant difference was observed in the area under the plasma curve (AUC) of SMZ, SMO and SDZ, while AUC of SMO was significantly higher than SDD only. Free (unmetabolized) SDZ urinary excretion during a 10-25 h period was significantly higher than SMZ, SMO and SDD. The results suggest that SDZ alone or in combination with TMP would be more effective in urinary tract infections as compared to other sulfonamides studied. PMID- 3485585 TI - The effect of oral exposure to the n-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the immune response in mice. AB - Six week old female BDF1 mice were administered the n-butylester of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by gastric intubation at dosages ranging from 0 to 200 mg/kg (2,4-D content) in the acute studies and 0 to 100 mg/kg in the subacute studies. Following acute exposure, the antibody production against sheep red blood cells and the induction of DNA synthesis with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, a B-lymphocyte mitogen, were enhanced. Comparable T lymphocyte mitogen responses induced by concanavalin A, a T-lymphocyte mitogen, were not affected by 2,4-D, though 2,4-D did exhibit a weak, non-specific, dose related mitogenic effect. Subacute exposure to the 2,4-D ester did not alter antibody production. B-lymphocyte mitogen responses were enhanced, though a linear dose-response relationship was not observed. Histopathological alterations in the brain and spinal cord and clinical symptoms of toxicity were observed in the 200 mg/kg treatment group (acute exposure). Similar effects were not seen in the subacute study. The immunostimulatory effects of 2,4-D were observed at relatively high exposures. It is unlikely that these immune alterations will have any major toxicological significance in agricultural communities utilizing 2,4-D herbicides, though further studies with commercial grade formulations which may contain other compounds in addition to the pure 2,4-D esters must be evaluated at similar levels of exposure. PMID- 3485586 TI - Genetic-environmental interactions in chronic airways obstruction. AB - To examine patterns of interaction between cigarette smoking and genetic factors in relation to airways obstruction, cross sectional data were analysed on 1787 white non-patient adult participants in a genetic-epidemiological study of airways obstruction (AO), defined as one-second forced expiratory volume FEV1 less than 68% of forced vital capacity FVC. Interaction was examined between smoking and each of four factors previously found to be related to AO: alpha-1 antitrypsin (PiZ allele), ABO blood groups (A antigen), ABH non-secretor status, and first degree relationship to a COPD or lung cancer patient. Multiple linear regression was used to test for interaction and adjust mean FEV1 (as a per cent of FVC) and prevalence of AO for age, sex, socioeconomic status, coffee and alcohol intake. Statistical interaction was observed between smoking (measured in pack-years) and two genetic factors (presence of blood A antigen and the family history). At higher pack-year levels, those individuals with the A antigen or the family history, but especially those with both factors had a much lower mean FEV1/FVC % and a much higher prevalence of AO than expected based on a simple additive model. On the other hand, there was no interaction between smoking and PiZ allele, or smoking and ABH secretor status. The findings suggest a possible biological interaction between cigarette smoke and the airways of individuals with blood group A antigen and familial lung disease. The findings also emphasize the role of genetic-environmental interactions in chronic diseases of multifactorial aetiology. PMID- 3485587 TI - Fixation and repair by anisotonic treatment of radiation damage leading to oncogenic transformation. AB - Mouse embryo (C3H 10T1/2) cells were exposed to anisotonic NaCl solutions or combined treatments of radiation and anisotonic solutions. Anisotonic treatment with 0.05 or 0.5 mol/l solutions did not cause transformation and only prolonged exposure at 1.5 mol/l caused significant increases in transformation. When cells were irradiated in the presence of 0.05 mol/l NaCl, increased transformation occurred than when cells were irradiated in medium. Thus, anisotonic treatment after irradiation resulted in fixation of potentially lethal and transformed radiation damage. Fixation of potentially transformed damage was greater for cells irradiated in the presence of 0.05 mol/l NaCl than for cells irradiated in medium. When the NaCl treatment after irradiation was delayed by incubation at 37 degrees C, recovery of potentially lethal and potentially transformed damage was observed. PMID- 3485588 TI - Repair of potentially lethal radiation damage in confluent and non-confluent cultures of human hybrid cells. AB - The repair of potentially lethal damage (PLDR) in a gamma-irradiated human hybrid cell line (skin fibroblast X HeLa) and its tumourigenic segregant has been studied as a function of cell density at the time of irradiation and during the postirradiation repair period. The data show that PLDR occurs in both non confluent and confluent cultures of both cell lines. Furthermore, there is evidence that the extent of PLDR is dependent on cell density and that cell-cell contact may be an important factor in this regard. PMID- 3485589 TI - Reduced repair of potentially lethal radiation damage in glutathione synthetase deficient human fibroblasts after X-irradiation. AB - Using a human fibroblast strain deficient in glutathione synthetase and a related proficient control strain, the role of glutathione (GSH) in repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) has been investigated in determining survival by plating cells immediately or 24 h after irradiation. After oxic or hypoxic irradiation, both cell strains repair radiation-induced damage. However, under hypoxic conditions, the proficient cells repair PLD as well as under oxic conditions while the deficient cells repair less PLD after irradiation under hypoxic than under oxic conditions. Therefore, the oxygen enhancement ratio (o.e.r.) for proficient cells is similar whether the cells are plated immediately or 24 h later (2.0 and 2.13, respectively). In contrast, the o.e.r. for deficient cells is lower when the cells are plated 24 h after irradiation than when they are plated immediately thereafter (1.16 as compared to 1.55). The results indicate that GSH is involved in PLD repair and, in particular, in the repair of damage induced by radiation delivered under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 3485590 TI - The in vitro sensitivities to radiation and misonidazole of mouse bone marrow cells derived from different microenvironments. AB - Previous studies had indicated that haematopoietic cells (CFU-GM) which reside within compact bone are resistant to ionizing radiation and sensitive to the cytotoxic action of misonidazole (MISO) relative to cells which reside within the core of mouse femurs. It was postulated that the microenvironment within compact bone might be relatively hypoxic. CFU-GM from femur cores (Fraction 1) and from compact bone (Fraction 3) have been exposed to ionizing radiation and to the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, MISO, under controlled conditions of oxygenation in vitro. The inherent radiosensitivity of aerated Fraction 1 CFU-GM is similar to their in vivo radiosensitivity. An oxygen enhancement ratio of 2.2 is observed for these cells in vitro. On the other hand, the in vitro radiosensitivity of hypoxic Fraction 3 CFU-GM was similar to their in vivo radiosensitivity. The oxygen enhancement ratio for Fraction 3 cells was 1.5, significantly lower than that observed for Fraction 1 cells. When CFU-GM cells were exposed to MISO under hypoxic conditions in vitro it was found that Fraction 3 CFU-GM were more sensitive to its cytotoxic action than were cells from Fraction 1. These data are consistent with the interpretation that some CFU-GM reside in an environment of relative hypoxia within the compact bone of the mouse femur. PMID- 3485591 TI - Radiation response of haematopoietic cell lines of human origin. AB - Six human haematopoietic cell lines, five of leukaemic origin, including cells with myeloid, lymphoid and undifferentiated phenotype have been studied with respect to radiation response. The intrinsic radiosensitivity of the cells varied widely, the D0s ranging from 0.53 to 1.39 Gy. Five of the cell lines showed some capacity to accumulate sublethal damage; in three of these, enhanced survival was demonstrated in split-dose experiments. One cell line (HL-60) was anomalous in that although little accumulation of sublethal damage was demonstrable, survival was enhanced by fractionation of the dose. Five of the six cell lines studied were of leukaemic origin. The results support the belief that, in contrast to the almost constant radiosensitivity of normal haematopoietic cell progenitors, leukaemic cell progenitors may show a wide range of radiosensitivites. PMID- 3485592 TI - Chelation therapy of incorporated plutonium-238 and americium-241: comparison of LICAM(C), DTPA and DFOA in rats, hamsters and mice. AB - The carboxylated catechoylamide 3,4,3-LICAM(C) was tested for removal of 238Pu and 241Am from small laboratory rodents. The effectiveness of treatment was compared with that of two ligand preparations approved for clinical use: calcium trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) and desferrioxamine (DFOA). With early treatment and at the dosage used clinically for the decorporation of actinides with DTPA (30 mumol/kg body weight) LICAM(C) was superior to DFOA but when compared with DTPA, the effect of LICAM(C) on 238Pu was greater only in bone; as little as 1 mumol LICAM(C)/kg was as effective as 30 mumol DTPA/kg. However, in all animals treated with LICAM(C) there was a large increase in the 238Pu content of the kidney. With 241Am the effect of DTPA was always superior to that of LICAM(C). The best overall results early (1 day) after injection of 238Pu and 241Am were achieved by a combination of a single injection of LICAM(C) and DTPA with subsequent continuous administration of DTPA in drinking water. LICAM(C) affected the retention of 238Pu even if given orally; the data suggested that about 3 per cent of ingested LICAM(C) was absorbed. When the beginning of treatment was delayed, LICAM(C) became equally effective or less effective than DTPA even as far as 238Pu retention in bone was concerned, but it still increased the accumulation of 238Pu in the kidneys. PMID- 3485593 TI - In vitro exposure to electromagnetic fields: changes in tumour cell properties. AB - Two human colon cancer cell lines, Colo 205 and Colo 320 DM, have been studied for their responses to 60 Hz-generated electromagnetic fields (EMF) using soft agar cloning and monoclonal antibody binding assays to assess exposure-induced changes. Cellular responses have been studied after 24 h continuous exposure of cells concurrently to four experimental conditions; i.e. no EMF (E-M-), magnetic field only (M+, 1.0 G rms), electric field only (E+, 300 mA/m2 rms), and combined electric plus magnetic fields at these intensities (E+M+). Under these conditions, both cell lines demonstrated significantly increased colony formation in soft agar and increased expression of tumor associated antigens after exposure to E+M+ and to M+ as compared to unexposed controls. PMID- 3485594 TI - The oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene mediated by lipid peroxidation in irradiated synthetic diets. AB - The effect of gamma-irradiation (1000-4000 Gy) on the formation of lipid peroxides and on the oxidation of the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BP) has been studied in mixtures of starch/fat and BP which were used as models for natural foods. When mixtures containing polyunsaturated fats (mackerel oil and cod-liver oil which contain relatively large proportions of C20:5 and C22:6) were exposed to gamma-irradiation, large concentrations of lipid peroxide were formed and a concomitant oxidation of BP to mutagenic and toxic BP quinones took place. The rate of BP oxidation was closely related to the extent of peroxidation of the lipids in the starch mixtures and was dependent on the dose of gamma irradiation and the presence of air. Mackerel oil also underwent peroxidation during the storage of both irradiated and unirradiated starch/mackerel oil/BP mixtures and this resulted in a significant oxidation of the BP present in these samples. Antioxidants such as vitamin E and BHA inhibited both lipid peroxidation and BP oxidation resulting from gamma-irradiation. These results demonstrate that the species generated during the peroxidation of unsaturated fats in foodstuffs can react with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as BP and convert them into active mutagenic and toxic products. This has important toxicological implications, particularly as the consumption of polyunsaturated fat in the Western world is increasing and gamma-irradiation may soon be widely used for food sterilization. PMID- 3485596 TI - Summary report and extended abstracts of a workshop on cell transformation in radiobiology. Oxford, 9-12 September 1985. PMID- 3485595 TI - Neoplastic transformation of cells in vitro at low and high dose rates of fission neutrons: an interpretation. PMID- 3485597 TI - Some considerations of radiation-induced cell transformation in vitro. AB - Experimental data concerning the influence of the cell density on the induction rate of cell transformations in C3H mouse embryo cell lines (1OT1/2) after X irradiation have been reanalysed. The mathematical analysis showed that the transformation frequency can be expressed as the product of two functions, one of which is dependent on radiation dose alone, and the other of which is dependent on the number of cell division cycles alone, in that the probability of the expression of malignant transformation is constant per cellular mitosis. Therefore the transformation frequency measured for different experimental conditions can be normalized and consequently compared; one example of data reduction after irradiation by alpha-particles is demonstrated. PMID- 3485598 TI - The use of 'top-up' experiments to investigate the effect of very small doses per fraction in mouse skin. AB - The partial tolerance type of 'top-up' experiment has been investigated to determine the resolution of this approach for studying the damage to mouse skin from very small doses of X-rays and neutrons. The effect of 20 fractions, each as small as 0.10 Gy of X-rays or of 0.05 Gy of neutrons, can be detected if 3 MeV neutrons are used as the 'top-up' reference radiation. This capability results from the almost linear underlying dose-response curve and highly reproducible dose-effect relationship for the low energy neutrons. The data fit the linear quadratic model of dose fractionation for X-rays down to fractional doses of 0.75 Gy, but at lower doses there is a trend towards an increase in the skin radiosensitivity. Modelling shows that this might be consistent with a sub population of the cells showing an exceptional radiosensitivity, and a replenishment of this subpopulation occurring in the 8 h between small dose fractions. More experiments are needed at very low doses in order to confirm this hypothesis for skin and for other tissues. PMID- 3485600 TI - The effect of neutron dose rate on jejunal crypt survival. AB - The effect of dose rate of fast neutrons over a range from 0.02 Gy/min to 22.5 Gy/min on the survival of mouse jejunal crypts was investigated. A small but significant decrease in sensitivity with decrease in dose rate was observed. A 10 fold decrease in dose rate gave a decrease in effectiveness equivalent to 0.39 Gy. The sensitivity to changes in neutron dose rate is much smaller than the sensitivity to changes in dose rate of photons. PMID- 3485599 TI - Effects of X-irradiation on rat hair follicles. AB - The alterations of normal growth of hair follicles following irradiation of rat tails with X-rays have been analysed. The changes in follicle length are attributed to a series of deleterious events occurring in the hair matrix after irradiation. A dose-dependent reduction of length was demonstrated for a given post-irradiation interval. An approximate exponential response was obtained for all conditions excepting low doses for which a marked reduction of follicle length was observed a short time after irradiation and was ascribed to the depletion of highly radiosensitive cells. At later post-irradiation times this response was obscured by the resumption of follicle growth. PMID- 3485601 TI - Response of hippocampal pacemaker-like neurons to low doses of ionizing radiation. AB - Spontaneous discharges of hippocampal pacemaker-like neurons are induced by X- and gamma-rays doses lower than 0.8 cGy. The effect is direct and connected with the activation of an endogenous mechanism of unit activity generation. PMID- 3485602 TI - Role of mitochondrial DNA in cell death induced by 125I decay. AB - The role of mitochondrial DNA in radiation-induced cell death was determined by selective [125I]iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) incorporation into exclusively nuclear sites compared to labelling in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of Chinese hamster cells. Such selectivity was achieved by using berenil (25 micrograms/ml for 24 h), a drug which inhibits mitochondrial DNA synthesis without affecting incorporation of 125IUdR into nuclear DNA but does not result in reduced clonogenicity or cell cycle perturbations or alteration in the X-ray response of cells. There was no difference in cell killing between cells with nuclear labelling alone compared with nuclear plus mitochondrial labelling. The absence of decays in mitochondrial DNA does not affect the ability of 125I to induce lethal cell damage. The two treatment groups have superimposable curves with a D0 of 96 decays/cell. These findings indicate that mitochondrial DNA is not the most sensitive target for radiation-induced cell death from 125I decay. PMID- 3485603 TI - Evidence for a general relationship between the induced level of DNA double strand breakage and cell-killing after X-irradiation of mammalian cells. AB - X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breakage (dsb) and lethal lesion induction have been examined using normal and transformed fibroblasts of rodent and human origin. DNA dsb induction varied markedly among the different cell types and was found to reflect radiosensitivity. Linear relationships were found between DNA dsb and lethal lesion induction which were not significantly different for each cell type, suggesting a comparable probability of conversion of DNA dsb into a lethal lesion. The implications of these findings for models of cell survival are discussed. PMID- 3485604 TI - Effect of radiomodifying agents on the ratios of X-ray-induced lesions in cellular DNA: use in lethal lesion determination. AB - The effect of three radiomodifying agents, cysteamine, hyperthermia, and hypoxia, on the induction of the major classes of X-ray-induced DNA lesions, was studied using mouse L cells and Chinese hamster V79 cells. The use of filter elution techniques allowed most of these studies to be conducted at X-ray doses within the survival-curve range. Cysteamine was found to protect against DNA single strand breakage (ssb), DNA base damage, and DNA-protein crosslinkage. Hyperthermia had no effect on the level of DNA ssb or DNA base damage, but in L cells (but not in V79 cells) it increased the level of DNA-protein crosslinkage relative to DNA ssb. Hypoxia protected against DNA ssb, had no significant effect on the level of DNA base damage, and enhanced the level of DNA-protein crosslinkage relative to DNA ssb. These results support the previous suggestion that the X-ray-induced lethal lesion is DNA double-strand breakage. Implications of these findings for the mechanisms of formation of X-ray-induced DNA lesions are also discussed. PMID- 3485606 TI - The induction of chromosome exchange aberrations by carbon ultrasoft X-rays in V79 hamster cells. AB - V79 hamster cells in plateau (extended G1) phase were irradiated with either 250 kV ('hard') X-rays or carbon K characteristic ultrasoft X-rays under conditions minimizing cell overlap. These cells were killed most effectively by the carbon X rays, by a factor of about 3 relative to hard X-rays, in agreement with our previous findings with cells in exponential growth. Chromosome-type aberrations were measured at 3 fixation times within the first division cycle after irradiation, and an approximately uniform sensitivity to aberration induction was found for both radiations. The combined aberration data show that carbon X-rays are 2 or more times as effective as hard X-rays, depending on dose and/or data fit. Exchange aberrations require recombination between two separate chromosomes, but they are induced efficiently by carbon X-rays with a substantial linear component to the dose-response despite the very short electron tracks (approximately less than 7 nm) that they produce in the cell. This implies either that the participating DNA helices must be lying extremely close together at the time of radiation damage, so that one track can effectively damage both helices, or that only one radiation-damaged chromosome is needed to promote an exchange event. PMID- 3485605 TI - A derivative of an ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) cell line with normal radiosensitivity but A-T-like inhibition of DNA synthesis. AB - Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) cells are hypersensitive to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation and fail to inhibit DNA synthesis following radiation exposure. A cell line derived from an A-T line following DNA-mediated gene transfer has normal radiation sensitivity, but the kinetics of DNA synthesis after gamma-irradiation are similar to those of A-T cells. PMID- 3485607 TI - Increase in the frequency of gamma-ray induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells by post-treatment with novobiocin. AB - The effect of novobiocin (an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase and polymerase) on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was examined in Chinese hamster V79 cells irradiated with gamma-rays in the plateau phase of growth and subcultured in the presence of novobiocin until the first mitosis after irradiation. Novobiocin alone affected cell survival, DNA synthesis and the mitotic frequency of unirradiated cells in a dose-dependent manner, without causing any significant increase in the frequency of chromosome- or chromatid-type aberrations. The frequency of chromosome-type aberrations induced by gamma-radiation was not influenced by novobiocin at 200 microM, but the frequency of chromosome deletions (but not rings and dicentrics) showed a two-fold increase when 300 microM novobiocin was present. Irradiation produced a low level of chromatid-type aberrations and post-treatment with novobiocin at concentrations greater than 100 microM significantly increased the frequency of chromatid gaps and breaks. The results support the idea that different radiation-induced lesions lead to chromosome- as opposed to chromatid-type aberrations. PMID- 3485608 TI - Temperature and the formation of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. I. The effect of irradiation temperature. AB - Irradiation temperature, changed from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C, acts as a dose modifying factor with regard to the dose-yield relationship for dicentric chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes irradiated with 150 kV X-rays. The temperature dependence of the aberration yield observed at constant dose is S shaped, with a sharp rise near 15 degrees C from a lower plateau below 12 degrees C to a higher plateau beyond 17 degrees C. The aberration yield is determined by the irradiation temperature, irrespective of fast temperature changes from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C or from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C, applied at various delay times before and after irradiation. It is concluded that irradiation temperature influences the formation of chromatin lesions rather than their interaction. PMID- 3485609 TI - Temperature and the formation of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. II. The temperature dependence of lesion repair and lesion interaction. AB - Dicentric chromosome aberration yields have been measured after single-exposure and split-dose irradiations of human lymphocytes with 150 kV X-rays. Various temperature programmes between 4 and 37 degrees C were applied before, during and after irradiations and in the radiation-free interval. It was found that chromatin lesion repair was completely suppressed at 21 degrees C and below, whereas lesion formation is reduced only below 17 degrees C. The interaction between repairable lesions which leads to exchange-type aberrations is also suppressed by low temperatures. Hypothermic suppression of chromatin lesion repair and interaction is fully reversible at least up to 12 h of maintenance of the 'stored' state of these lesions. PMID- 3485610 TI - Abstracts of the 19th annual meeting of the European Society for Radiation Biology. Prague, 26-30 August 1985. PMID- 3485611 TI - Rabbit corneal endothelial cells in vitro: effects of EGF. AB - Rabbit corneal endothelial cells were grown in tissue culture. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased the mitotic rate during the growth phase by 70% over control without affecting the plating efficiency. Within 48 hr of exposure to EGF, the endothelial cells became spindle-shaped. This morphological change was quantitated by morphometry; cells treated with EGF had a major axis 1.5 X larger than that of non-EGF treated cells. The spindle-shaped morphological change did not occur in response to other growth factors, was not related to cell density, and was reversible within 24 hr after removal of EGF from the media or subculture in the absence of EGF. The addition of 5-fluorouracil blocked cell division but did not affect the EGF-induced morphological change. The appearance of the endothelial cells following EGF stimulation is similar to migrating cells closing a wound in vivo. PMID- 3485612 TI - Freeze fracture study of human corneal endothelial dysfunction. AB - Intramembrane changes occurring in dysfunctional corneal endothelial cell membranes were examined using freeze-fracture and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Three categories of dysfunctional endothelium were examined: aphakic bullous keratopathy, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. Keratoconus corneas and a donor eye bank eye were examined as normal controls. Four intramembrane changes were observed on replicas of freeze-fractured membranes in each category of dysfunctional endothelium. These were a marked reduction in intramembrane particle density on lateral membranes, altered apico-lateral junctional complexes, increased vesicle fusion sites on apical, lateral and basal membranes, and abnormal desmosome-like particle aggregates on the lateral endothelial cell membranes. The marked reduction in intramembrane particles on lateral membranes may be due to a change in the macromolecular components associated with pump dysfunction. The increase in membrane vesicle fusion sites and the breakdown in intercellular junctions may be associated with increased permeability during barrier dysfunction. PMID- 3485613 TI - Growth characteristics of primate (baboon) corneal endothelium in vitro. AB - Primate (baboon) corneal endothelial cells have been grown continuously in vitro for over 40 passages. Endothelial cells migrated from the explants within three to five days. Growth became confluent by 14 to 21 days; the cells in culture were polygonal in shape and formed a compact monolayer. In passages one to four, cells divided with a doubling time of 72 hours; this increased to 96 hours after the 16th passage. Even though the general morphological appearance was unchanged in passages greater than 10, the cells became irregular, exhibiting an enlarged and elongated profile. The addition of epidermal growth factor to the medium resulted in increased cell growth. Cultured cells were successfully transplanted onto Descemet's membrane of de-endothelialized baboon corneas. This study demonstrates that primate corneal endothelial cells can be grown continuously in tissue culture and subsequently transplanted in vitro. PMID- 3485614 TI - Lymphocyte migration in the adoptive transfer of EAU. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was transferred into naive male Lewis rats using 1 X 10(8) indium-111 labeled lymphocytes from syngeneic donors immunized with S-antigen. The migration of the lymphocytes was monitored by gamma camera imaging and by determining the accumulation of radioactivity in selected organs. The majority of the cells leave the peritoneal cavity within 24 hr and migrate to the liver, spleen, and thymus. Only a small fraction of the labeled cells reach the eye. However, there were significantly more labeled cells present in eyes that developed EAU as compared with controls using lymphocytes sensitized against bovine serum albumin. These results indicate the adoptive transfer of EAU is a complex process in which only a small number of transferred cells actually reach the eye to induce uveoretinitis. PMID- 3485615 TI - Immune mechanisms in chlamydial eye infection. Development of T suppressor cells. AB - In vitro proliferation assays of whole peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) and PBML depleted of suppressor T cells were performed in cynomolgus monkeys after they had received one, two, or repeated ocular inoculations with Chlamydia trachomatis. Whole PBML responded only weakly to chlamydial antigen, and responses to concanavalin A were depressed for 12 wk following ocular infection. Depletion of the suppressor T cell population did not result in increased chlamydia-specific proliferation until 14-20 wk after initial antigen contact, suggesting that circulating suppressor T cells are not responsible for the initiation of the chronic state. PMID- 3485616 TI - Substance abuse: a growing problem for adolescents. PMID- 3485617 TI - Seasonal variation in serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and parathormone in geriatric patients with fractures in Southern Israel. AB - In 41 geriatric patients with long bone fractures, a seasonal variation was observed in the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and parathormone (PTH). The serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites correlate positively, while that of PTH correlates negatively with day length and global solar radiation in southern Israel. Our data suggest that the higher serum levels of vitamin D metabolites during the summer suppress PTH secretion. During the winter, the reduction of serum levels of vitamin D metabolites due to decreased endogenous production was accompanied by an increase in serum PTH levels. PMID- 3485618 TI - Histamine augments interleukin-2 production and the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Histamine (0.5 g/kg) was found to augment the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo, if injected in the late phase (day 4) of the response. The production of interleukin-2 in concanavalin A-activated spleen cell cultures was also strongly augmented by 1 X 10(-2) M histamine or by a combination of 2 X 10( 3) M histamine and histaminase (diamine oxidase). This suggests the possibility that the augmentation in vivo is mediated by the oxidized histamine derivative imidazolylacetaldehyde, since diamine oxidase occurs in many tissues. The interleukin-2-dependent proliferation of a T cell clone, on the other hand, was not affected by histamine with or without diamine oxidase. The experiments suggest that histamine supports the late phase of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response by augmenting the interleukin-2 production. PMID- 3485619 TI - Intradermal administration of 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide during contact sensitization potentiates effector T cell responsiveness in draining lymph nodes. AB - 4-Hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-HPCY) is an in vitro active form of cyclophosphamide. In a previous study, using an in vivo contact sensitivity model in the guinea pig, we demonstrated that intradermal injection of small amounts (50-200 micrograms) of 4-HPCY at the sensitization site resulted in strong potentiation of contact hypersensitivity (Boerrigter and Scheper, 1984). It was postulated that 4-HPCY induces a local decrease of feedback control within the draining antigenically stimulated lymph nodes. The present data are in support of this view: Lymph node hyperplasia induced by contact sensitization (to dinitrochlorobenzene or oxazolone) was further enhanced by 4-HPCY treatment. The paracortical area was preferentially enlarged. 4-HPCY-treated lymph nodes showed an augmentation of hapten-specific T effector cell function as determined in transfer experiments. The response of such lymph node-derived cells to the T cell mitogen PHA was enhanced. Although 4-HPCY treatment resulted simultaneously in a decrease in responsiveness of draining lymph node-derived cells to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide, anti-hapten antibody production was not affected. The present study demonstrates that important similarities exist between the effects of local 4-HPCY treatment and systemic cyclophosphamide pretreatment on the immune response. As systemic treatment with a high dose of cyclophosphamide is known to have serious side effects, the present local protocol provides a new attractive and versatile strategy for T cell immunopotentiation. PMID- 3485620 TI - Estradiol-induced alteration in the immune system. II. Suppression of cellular immunity in the rat is not the result of direct estrogenic action. AB - Estradiol has been reported to suppress numerous cellular immune response. What is not known is how estradiol exerts this effect. In vivo administration of estradiol to male rats caused time-related immunomodulatory effects leading to enhancement of lymphocyte transformation while suppressing a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) response. The suppression of the MLR response was not due to alterations in the ratio of helper and suppressor T cells, nor was it due to alterations in either cell viability or the number of cells in culture. Lymphocytes cultured in vitro with estradiol, however, fail to show any alteration in the responsiveness in either MLR or lymphocyte transformation assays. The suppressive effects of estradiol cannot be transferred from a primary MLR culture to a second MLR culture using the supernatants from the primary MLR culture. Lymphocytes from animals given estradiol in vivo show no alteration in the production of interleukin 2: added in vitro to primary MLR cultures, Interleukin 2 failed to restore full responsiveness to lymphocytes from animals treated in vivo with estradiol. These results suggest that estradiol acts indirectly to cause an alteration in the responsiveness of the regulatory cells of the cellular immune system. PMID- 3485621 TI - Antagonistic regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation by prostaglandin E2 and L-ornithine. AB - Two macrophage-mediated immunoregulatory substances, prostaglandin E2 and L ornithine, were found to mediate antagonistic effects. Both substances were previously shown to inhibit the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes under certain conditions. Our experiments now show that high doses of L-ornithine counteract the inhibitory effect of PGE2, and that PGE2 counteracts the inhibitory effect of high doses of L-ornithine; i.e. both substances can also augment cytotoxic responses in the presence of high concentrations of the other component. The direction of the immune regulatory effects of these substances is, therefore, expected to depend on the endogenous levels of PGE2 and L-ornithine in the individual animal at the site of immunization. PMID- 3485623 TI - Highlighting specific patient education needs in an aging cardiac population. AB - Given the utility of a multifactoral approach to cardiac rehabilitation and the importance of tailoring such an approach to the needs of the specific cardiac population being treated, early assessment of targeted risk factors and health related practices is becoming increasingly indicated. The present article describes how, by using a paper-and-pencil multiple-risk-factor assessment instrument referred to as the Heart Health Assessment Questionnaire, the specific educational needs of an aging veteran population were more clearly identified. Among the health areas found in need of particular attention were patient smoking behavior, medication education, and reported tension and worry over health problems. In addition, given the large unemployment rate within this population, the need for the adoption of activities such as physical exercise and hobbies that could have a positive impact on self-esteem and quality of life was strongly indicated. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the pivotal role of the health education professional for older cardiac populations. PMID- 3485622 TI - Stimulatory and suppressive effects of anti-cancer drugs and X-irradiation on the production of interleukin-2 by murine lymphoid cells. PMID- 3485624 TI - Despite lack of monospecific anti-DRw13 sera, a corresponding class II determinant can be defined by a DRw13 restricted anti-influenza virus T cell clone. AB - The study of a T3+ T4+ T8- human T cell clone COTC2 with both specific proliferative response and cytolytic activity for influenza A virus infected cells reveals that: the restricting element of this clone is strongly associated with DRw13 molecule(s) as seen by the study of a large panel of antigen presenting cells (APC) and by the observation that monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for DR molecules inhibit its proliferative activity while anti-DQ MoAb do not. These results indicate that there exists a DRw13 associated determinant that can be defined at the functional level by COTC2 recognition despite the absence of monospecific anti-DRw13 serum. In contrast to the results found by other groups, the restriction of this DRw13 restricted clone follows the DRw13 serological definition irrespective of the DW type of the APC. These results indicate that the polymorphism of HLA class II molecules can be further defined at the functional level by monoclonal populations of T cells in conjunction with molecular definition. PMID- 3485625 TI - Organizational and professional commitment as predictors of job satisfaction among allied health education program directors. AB - That institutionally employed professionals can exhibit divided commitments to their organization and profession is well documented. The impact such dual affiliation can have upon organizations, particularly academic institutions, is less well established. The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the nature and magnitude of allied health education program directors' organizational and professional commitment and (2) to determine the utility of these measures in explaining variations in the job satisfaction of these professionals. A cross sectional survey design gathered pertinent descriptive information and data on the organizational commitment, professional commitment, and job satisfaction of a modified cluster sample of program directors representing five allied health disciplines. Consistent with prior speculative assumptions regarding its importance, the professional commitment of these faculty was observed to exert a positive and independent effect upon the gratification they perceive in fulfilling their organizational roles. That a complementary, as opposed to conflicting, relationship exists between the organizational and professional commitment of allied health faculty has profound implications for academic administrators intent upon increasing the effectiveness of their organization. PMID- 3485626 TI - Examination of model enzyme and penetration systems in relation to antibacterial activity. AB - Recent work has shown that the activity of cephalosporins in inhibiting exocellular DD-peptidases from Streptomyces R61 and Actinomadura R39 are, at best, only poorly related to minimum inhibitory concentrations against pathogenic isolates. Taking into account the rate at which cephalosporins diffuse through porin channels, such as exist in certain Gram-negative organisms, does not help in establishing a relationship between MIC data and the kinetic data on the model enzymes. Most published cell wall permeability studies, the porin ones being a principal exception, have not examined long enough series of structurally related compounds to establish property-activity relationships. PMID- 3485627 TI - Directional hearing in the grassfrog (Rana temporaria L.). II. Acoustics and modelling of the auditory periphery. AB - In an earlier paper (Vlaming et al., 1984) we reported on optical measurements (laser-doppler interferometry) of the vibrations characteristics of the grassfrog's tympanic membrane. In the present paper these measurements were extended to include acoustic measurements concerning the functional role of the mouth cavity in frog hearing. Based on these measurements a model of the frog's acoustic periphery, consisting of three coupled linear oscillators with three entrance ports for sound, was developed and analyzed mathematically to give the various relevant transfer functions. The model is characterized by six parameters, all of which could be estimated from the available experimental data. For frequencies up to some 1500 Hz the model adequately describes the experimental data, both our own and earlier, seemingly conflicting data in the literature. For higher frequencies deviations occur, possibly due to nonuniform vibrations of the membranes. The model was used to evaluate the monaural directional sensitivity of the frog under free-field stimulation. Essentially it behaves as a combined pressure-gradient receiver, with highly frequency-dependent directional sensitivity. Directional sensitivity of the tympanic membrane could be modulated drastically by changing the resonance properties of the mouth cavity, without affecting the intrinsic membrane properties. This, theoretically, allows the frog to manipulate its direction sensitivity by actively tuning the volume of its mouth cavity. In order to account for discrepancies with known properties of low-frequency auditory nerve fibers an additional, extra-tympanic channel was included into the model. The extended model, the second-channel possibly involving the opercularis complex, provides a good quantitative fit to the available data on tympanic membrane movement as well as auditory nerve activity. Finally, the model enables to simulate a (moving) sound source in space, while stimulating the frog via closed couplers. PMID- 3485629 TI - Fluorometric rate assay of alpha-amylase using an intramolecularly-quenched fluorescent substrate (FG5P). AB - The complete hydrolysis of a fluorogenic derivative of rho-nitrophenyl alpha maltopentaoside, FG5P, by human salivary alpha-amylase, resulted in a 5-fold increase in fluorescence. This is due to disruption of the intramolecular quenching of the fluorescence of the 2-pyridylamino residue by the rho nitrophenyl residue by separation of the two residues. This change of fluorescence accompanying the cleavage of the glucosidic bond was exploited to develop a fluorometric rate assay of alpha-amylase in human serum. PMID- 3485628 TI - Effect of glycerol on Haemophilus influenzae transfection. AB - Competent Haemophilus influenzae bacteria were exposed to purified phage HP1 DNA and then plated for transfectants (PFU). When 32% (final concentration) glycerol was added before plating, between 10- and 100-fold more transfectants were observed. Glycerol had no significant effect on transfection with DNA from single or tandem double lysogens. It also had little effect on transformation with chromosomal DNA or on transformation of defective HP1 lysogens with phage HP1 DNA. It was concluded that glycerol induced the release of adsorbed linear double stranded DNA into the interior of the cells. PMID- 3485630 TI - Steady-state properties of calcium binding to parvalbumins from bullfrog skeletal muscle: effects of Mg2+, pH, ionic strength, and temperature. AB - To improve our understanding of the physiological roles of parvalbumins, PA-1 (pI 4.78) and PA-2 (pI 4.97) parvalbumins were prepared from bullfrog skeletal muscle and their calcium binding properties were examined in a medium of constant ionic strength (I = 0.106, pH 6.80, at 20 degrees C) containing various concentrations of Mg2+ by using a metallo-indicator, tetramethylmurexide. Apparent binding constants for Ca2+ in the presence of Mg2+ changed in the manner expected if Ca2+ and Mg2+ compete for two independent homogeneous binding sites. The following values were obtained: for PA-1, KCa = 1 X 10(7) M-1, KMg = 900 M-1; for PA-2, KCa = 6 X 10(6) M-1, KMg = 830 M-1 (I = 0.106, pH 6.80, at 20 degrees C). The apparent binding constants are strongly dependent on temperature: at 10 degrees C for PA-1, KCa = 2 X 10(8) M-1, KMg = 10(4) M-1; for PA-2, KCa = 5 X 10(7) M-1, KMg = 5 X 10(3) M-1 (I = 0.106, pH 6.80). The dependence of the affinities for Ca2+ on ionic strength is similar to or less than that of GEDTA (EGTA). The affinities for Ca2+ and Mg2+ of parvalbumins are unchanged between pH 6.5 and 7.2. PMID- 3485631 TI - Kinetic studies of calcium binding to parvalbumins from bullfrog skeletal muscle. AB - In addition to steady-state properties of calcium binding to parvalbumins, kinetic studies are required for adequate evaluation of the physiological roles of parvalbumins. By using a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer equipped with a stopped-flow accessory, the transient kinetics of calcium binding to parvalbumins (PA-1 and 2) from bullfrog skeletal muscle was examined at 20 degrees C in medium containing 20 mM MOPS-KOH, pH 6.80, 0.13 mM tetramethylmurexide, 25 microM CaCl2, metal-deprived PA-1 or PA-2, various concentrations of Mg2+, and KCl to adjust the ionic strength of the medium to 0.106. The results can be explained in terms of the following rate constants under the conditions mentioned above when a second-order kinetic scheme is assumed. For PA-1, the association and apparent dissociation rate constants for Ca2+ are 1.5 X 10(7) M-1 X s-1 and 1.5 s-1, respectively, or more. The rate constants for Mg2+ are 7,500 M-1 X s-1 and 5-6 s 1, respectively. For PA-2, the rate constants for Ca2+ are 7 X 10(6) M-1 X s-1 and 1.16 s-1, respectively, and those for Mg2+ are 3,500 M-1 X s-1 and 3.5-4 s-1, respectively. Increased affinities for Ca2+ and Mg2+ at 10 degrees C are largely due to decreased apparent dissociation rate constants for these divalent cations, because no significant change in the association rate constants was found. PMID- 3485632 TI - Mechanism and activation for allosteric adenosine 5'-monophosphate nucleosidase. Kinetic alpha-deuterium isotope effects for the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and nicotinamide mononucleotide. AB - The kinetic alpha-deuterium isotope effect on Vmax/Km for hydrolysis of NMN catalyzed by AMP nucleosidase at saturating concentrations of the allosteric activator MgATP2- is kH/kD = 1.155 +/- 0.012. This value is close to that reported previously for the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of nucleosides of related structure, suggesting that the full intrinsic isotope effect for enzymatic NMN hydrolysis is expressed under these conditions; that is, bond-changing reactions are largely or completely rate-determining and the transition state has marked oxocarbonium ion character. The kinetic alpha-deuterium isotope effect for this reaction is unchanged when deuterium oxide replaces water as solvent, corroborating this conclusion. Furthermore, this isotope effect is independent of pH over the range 6.95-9.25, for which values of Vmax/Km change by a factor of 90, suggesting that the isotope-sensitive and pH-sensitive steps for AMP nucleosidase-catalyzed NMN hydrolysis are the same. Values of kH/kD for AMP nucleosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of NMN decrease with decreasing saturation of enzyme with MgATP2- and reach unity when the enzyme is less than half-saturated with this activator. This requires that the rate-determining step changes from cleavage of the covalent C-N bond to one which is isotope-independent. In contrast to the case for NMN hydrolysis, AMP nucleosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of AMP at saturating concentrations of MgATP2- shows a kinetic alpha-deuterium isotope effect of unity. Thus, covalent bond-changing reactions are largely or completely rate-determining for hydrolysis of a poor substrate, NMN, but make little or no contribution to rate-determining step for hydrolysis of a good substrate, AMP, by maximally activated enzyme. This behavior has several precedents. PMID- 3485633 TI - Allograft reconstruction of the acetabulum during revision total hip arthroplasty. Clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic assessment of the results. AB - In twenty-one hips of twenty-one patients, the acetabulum was reconstructed using allografts during revision of a total hip arthroplasty. The patients' average age at the time of revision was 64.3 years (range, nineteen to eighty-six years). At an average follow-up of 3.5 years (range, two to five years), three patients had died of causes unrelated to the hip reconstruction, and one had been lost to follow-up. In the other seventeen, the average Harris hip rating was 89 points (range, seventy to 100 points) at follow-up. In one patient the allograft collapsed, so that revision was required. Two patients had asymptomatic progressive radiolucencies at the cement-bone interface of the reconstructed acetabulum, and another had a 1.5-millimeter-wide lucency at the interface of the donor and recipient bone but was asymptomatic, and there had been no change in the position of the cemented acetabular component since operation. The remaining grafts appeared to be incorporated securely, as determined by radiographic examination. Three-dimensional computerized tomographic radioisotopic bone scans showed uniform uptake, consistent with revascularization and new-bone formation, in all grafts. There was no radiographic evidence of focal avascularity and there were no infections. Femoral-head bone allografts appear to provide a useful technique for the reconstruction of a severely deficient acetabulum during revision total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 3485634 TI - A comparison of the results of A-C bypass grafting in collateral and non collateral groups. AB - Ninety patients who had aorto-coronary bypass grafting were divided into two groups: a collateral group, which had coronary arterial stenosis or occlusion with collateral circulation, and a non-collateral group, which had coronary arterial stenosis or occlusion without collateral circulation. The number of coronary arteries visualized through collateral circulation in coronary angiograms (CAG) was 32, left anterior descending arteries (LAD) 17, right coronary arteries (RCA) 11, and left circumflex arteries (LCX) 4. The results of A-C bypass grafting in the collateral and non-collateral groups were compared. Surgical mortality was 0% in the collateral group, and 5.4% in the non-collateral group. The differences in graft patency and graft flow between the two groups were not statistically significant. However, left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial perfusion, which was estimated by thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigram, were significantly improved after A-C bypass in the collateral group. Although the coronary arteries visualized through collateral vessels seemed too narrow to undergo graft anastomosis, they were, in fact, large enough. A-C bypass grafting was achieved with more satisfactory results in the collateral group than in the non-collateral group. PMID- 3485635 TI - Delayed sternal closure following cardiac operations. AB - In 13 patients, sternal closure was delayed at the end of open heart procedures. Seven patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB), 5 valve replacements, and one left ventricular aneurysmectomy and closure of post myocardial infarction VSD. In all, primary closure of the sternum was considered impossible or inadvisable. The major indications for delaying sternal closure were: cardiac dilatation with tamponade-like behaviour upon attempted sternal closure (8 patients); intractable bleeding (2); intractable arrhythmia (1); insertion of mediastinal assist devices (3) and intraoperative non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (1). In all, only the skin was closed. Delayed sternal closure (DSC) was performed 36-120 hours later on 10 of the patients, when their condition had stabilized. Nine patients are long term survivors. None of these patients has developed mediastinitis, wound infection, osteomyelitis or instability of the sternum. The judicious use of DSC in selected situations has several advantages: hemodynamic deterioration from pressure upon the heart may be prevented; a quick access to the heart in case of tamponade or intractable arrhythmia is obtained; insertion of mediastinal assist devices is facilitated. With careful technique the risk of infection is low. PMID- 3485636 TI - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation via the ascending aorta. AB - Twenty-three patients have undergone intra-aortic balloon insertion via the ascending aorta; twenty-one in the operating room and two in the surgical intensive care unit. Direct insertion into the aorta within concentric purse string sutures was utilized. Repeat exploration and balloon removal was accomplished safely with the added advantage of bypass graft inspection and revision where indicated. Only one patient suffered adverse sequelae from this technique, and thirteen patients are long-term survivors (one month-four years). PMID- 3485638 TI - Prostaglandin F2 alpha and E1 regulation of proliferation in primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells. AB - The study of growth of endometrial cells is of importance in reproductive biology. Several factors and hormones are thought to play important roles in the control of growth. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) causes an increase in both tritiated thymidine ([3H]Tdr) incorporation into DNA and in the cell number of primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells cultured in a serum-free, chemically defined media. Prostaglandins F1 alpha, E1, E2, A2, and B2 and arachidonic acid (all tested at 10(-7) M) do not affect [3H]Tdr incorporation as compared to control cultures. The increase in [3H]Tdr incorporation into DNA in response to PGF2 alpha stimulation is concentration-dependent (optimal approximately 3 X 10( 7) M) and is seen starting approximately 9 hr poststimulation. Both prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but not PGs F1 alpha, I2, A2, B2, their parent molecules, or related molecules, antagonize and can completely block the PGF2 alpha-induced increase in [3H]Tdr incorporation into DNA. This antagonism is seen both when the cells are pretreated with PGE1 prior to the PGF2 alpha stimulation and when the cells are exposed to both PGE1 and PGF2 alpha simultaneously. Exogenously added 8-Br-cAMP mimics the PGE1 antagonism of PGF2 alpha. The PGF2 alpha-induced increase in [3H]Tdr incorporation is not synergistic, antagonistic, or additive with the [3H]Tdr incorporation increase in response to either estradiol-17 beta or epidermal growth factor. The specific effect of PGF2 alpha on primary culture endometrial cell growth and its antagonism by PGE1, PGE2, and 8-Br-cAMP are new findings. PMID- 3485639 TI - Loss of striatal [76Br]bromospiperone binding sites demonstrated by positron tomography in progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - Using positron tomography and 76Br-labeled bromospiperone, a neuroleptic drug with high affinity for the dopamine (DA) receptors, we have estimated the specific binding of the radiotracer to striatal DA receptors in seven patients suffering from progressive supranuclear palsy. Compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects, we found a significant (p less than 0.02) decrease of the striatum-cerebellum uptake ratio in progressive supranuclear palsy patients, suggesting loss of striatal DA receptors. This in vivo study confirms recent postmortem data on progressive supranuclear palsy patients and provides an explanation for the lack of benefit from L-DOPA and DA agonists in this condition, despite reduced nigrostriatal dopaminergic function. PMID- 3485637 TI - Evidence that pinocytosis in lymphoid cells has a low capacity. AB - In contrast to adherent cells, human B and T lymphoblasts, marmoset monkey T lymphoblasts, and mouse T lymphoblasts do not form monolayers and have a poor ability to pinocytose. After a 10-min incubation of lymphoblasts at 37 degrees C, the level of internalized medium reached a plateau. During this time, lymphoblasts pinocytosed 3-4 femtoliters (1 fl = 10(-15) l) of medium per cell as calculated by the quantity of the entrapped pinocytic marker 5(6) carboxyfluorescein. The levels of pinocytosed liquid did not increase during a subsequent 90-min incubation of cells at 37 degrees C. Adherent HeLa cells took up 27 fl of medium per cell per hour. Other types of adherent cells were reported by others to pinocytose 20 to 90 fl of medium per cell per hour. The process of pinocytosis in lymphoblasts appeared to be reversible since cells which were pre loaded with carboxyfluorescein and then incubated at 37 degrees C in fresh medium lost the marker almost completely within 40 min. Similar results were obtained with horseradish peroxidase as the pinocytic marker. Further evidence that lymphoblasts have a low capacity for pinocytic internalization relative to adherent cells was obtained from the observation that Namalwa lymphoblasts were approximately 100 times more resistant to the cytotoxic action of the protein toxin gelonin than the adherent HeLa cells. Gelonin is a ribosome-inactivating toxin which is not capable of binding to cells, and its only mode for internalization appears to be pinocytosis. Ribosomes in cell lysates of the two lines were equally sensitive to gelonin. It is speculated that the poor pinocytic ability of lymphoid cells may reflect a fundamental difference between adherent and non-adherent cells and that this may impede the targeting of drugs into lymphoid cells. PMID- 3485640 TI - Strategies for in vivo measurement of receptor binding using positron emission tomography. AB - Dopaminergic ligands labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides have been synthesized for quantitative evaluation of dopaminergic binding in vivo. Two different methods, the explicit method and an operationally simplified ratio method, have been proposed for analysis of these positron emission tomographic (PET) data. The basis for both methods is the same three-compartment model. The two methods differ in the assumptions necessary for practical implementation. We have compared these two approaches using PET data obtained in our laboratory. Sequential scans and serial arterial blood samples from a baboon following intravenous injection of [18F]spiroperidol were collected. Application of the two methods to the same data yielded different values for corresponding parameters. Values calculated by the ratio method for the specific rate constant describing receptor binding varied depending upon the time after tracer injection, thus demonstrating an internal inconsistency in this approach. Tracer metabolism markedly affected the binding measurements calculated with either method and thus cannot be ignored. Our results indicate that the adoption of simplifying assumptions for operational convenience can lead to substantial errors and must be done with caution. Alternatively, we present simple new analytical solutions of the tracer conservation equations describing the complete, unsimplified three compartment model that vastly reduce the computations necessary to implement the explicit method. PMID- 3485641 TI - Effects of temporal sampling, glucose metabolic rates, and disruptions of the blood-brain barrier on the FDG model with and without a vascular compartment: studies in human brain tumors with PET. AB - The addition of a cerebral blood volume (CBV) compartment in the [18F]2-fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) model produces estimates of local CBV simultaneously with glucose metabolic rates when kinetic FDG studies are performed. We investigated the influence of this term upon CMRglc values in a series of brain tumor patients and found that significant overestimations of CMRglc are possible if the effect of CBV upon the model is ignored. The magnitude of this potential overestimation is directly related to the absolute value of CBV locally and inversely related to the CMRglc value. The kinetic estimates also permitted an evaluation of the FDG model in an environment with a variable disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Incorporating the vascular compartment in the FDG model also frequently improved the statistical accuracy of model fits to tissue kinetic data. The sampling requirements for this model configuration were also investigated in a series of computer simulations. PMID- 3485643 TI - Regional cerebral glucose transport in insulin-dependent diabetic patients studied using [11C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose and positron emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral [11C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose ([11C]MeG) uptake kinetics have been measured in five insulin-dependent diabetic patients and four normal controls using positron emission tomography (PET). Concomitant measurement of regional cerebral blood volume and CBF enabled corrections for the presence of intravascular [11C]MeG signal in cerebral regions of interest to be carried out, and regional cerebral [11C]MeG unidirectional extraction fractions to be computed. Four of the five diabetic subjects were studied with their fasting plasma glucose level clamped at a normoglycaemic level (4 mM), and four were studied at hyperglycaemic plasma glucose levels (mean 13 mM). The four diabetic subjects whose fasting plasma glucose levels were clamped at a normoglycaemic level of 4 mM had mean fasting whole-brain, cortical, and white matter [11C]MeG extraction fractions of 15, 15, and 16%, respectively, values similar to those found for the four normal controls (whole brain, 14%; cortex, 13%; white matter, 17%). Mean regional cerebral [11C]MeG extraction fractions were significantly reduced in diabetic subjects during hyperglycaemia whether their plasma insulin levels were undetectable or whether they were raised by continuous intravenous insulin infusion. Such a reduction in [11C]MeG extraction under hyperglycaemic conditions can be explained entirely in terms of increased competition between [11C]MeG and D-glucose for the passive facilitated transport carrier system for hexoses across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is concluded that the number and affinity of D-glucose carriers present in the BBB are within normal limits in treated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. In addition, insulin appears to have no effect on the transport of D-glucose across the BBB. PMID- 3485642 TI - Calcium antagonist (PY 108-068) treatment may further decrease flow in ischemic areas in acute stroke. AB - The effect of the possible influence of a new calcium antagonist, PY 108-068, on regional CBF was studied in patients suffering acute ischemic stroke. The dosage was 1.5 + 2.5 mg intravenously in six patients (series 1) and 2.5 + 5.0 mg intravenously in five other patients (series 2). CBF was measured before and after treatment by xenon-133 inhalation and single-photon emission computed tomography (Tomomatic 64). In the first series, no changes in hemispheric CBF, MABP, or clinical symptoms were noted after treatment, but one patient showed an increase of CBF in part of the periinfarct area. In the second series, slight increases in mean hemispheric flow values were seen, but in three of the five patients CBF decreased even further in the ischemic area. MABP decreased by 13%, and the clinical symptoms were unchanged. PMID- 3485644 TI - Weighted integration method for local cerebral blood flow measurements with positron emission tomography. AB - A new technique called the weighted integration method for the measurement of local CBF (LCBF) in humans with positron emission tomography (PET) is presented. LCBF is calculated from weighted time integrals of the blood and tissue radioactivity curves. This method is computationally efficient and achieves nearly optimal statistical estimation of LCBF. The predicted root mean squared error of the weighted integration method is verified by simulation studies and is only 1-2% larger than the minimum possible error that can be achieved by an ideal estimation algorithm. For LCBF of greater than 30 ml/min/100 g, the weighted integration method provides reduced noise compared with the integrated projection technique, the PET autoradiographic method, and the steady-state technique. In addition, an error analysis is performed to study the sensitivity of the weighted integration method to tissue mixtures, blood sample timing errors, and changes in LCBF during the data collection period. PMID- 3485646 TI - Inconsistencies in the correlates of blood pressure and heart rate. AB - Various correlates of blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (HR) were compared in a study population of 1667 male and 520 female factory employees in Israel. The strong positive association between HR and both diastolic and systolic BP described in other epidemiologic studies was again evident. However, the correlates of HR and BP did not coincide. In multiple regression analyses age was found to be positively associated with BP in both sexes, whereas it was only moderately associated with HR in males and inversely associated with HR in females. Relative weight was positively associated with BP in both sexes but its association with HR was linear in young males and older females and U- or J shaped in the other sub-groups. Cigarette smoking was inversely associated with diastolic BP in several subgroups but was positively associated with HR in most sub-groups. Ethnic-related variations in blood pressure, where found, did not parallel any differences in HR and in one group they were contradictory. The inconsistencies in the correlates of HR and blood pressure may reflect different mechanisms by which certain factors influence BP with varying effects on the HR. PMID- 3485647 TI - An epidemiological description of physical, social and psychological problems in multiple sclerosis. AB - Chronic disorders such as multiple sclerosis have important behavioural consequences on the lives of patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency distribution of psychosocial disability among a referral clinic population of multiple sclerosis patients and to identify associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 301 patients using four health indexes to assess quality of life. An 82% response rate was obtained. In the results are presented the frequencies of behavioural problems compared with the general population and a family practice group. While physical function was found to be closely associated with disease severity, psychosocial disability bore little relationship to the underlying disease or to sociodemographic variables including social class. Eighty percent of psychosocial disability remained unexplained. The physical aspects of multiple sclerosis were not predictive of emotional or social morbidity. The major implication of these findings is that the impact of disease on patients, as distinct from the disease itself, should be dealt with as health problems in their own right. PMID- 3485645 TI - Clinical utility of adrenal steroid measurement by high-performance liquid chromatography in pediatric endocrinology. PMID- 3485648 TI - Identification of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide messenger ribonucleic acid in medullary thyroid carcinomas by hybridization histochemistry. AB - Synthesis and secretion of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were studied in medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) by hybridization histochemistry on tissue sections and by Northern gel analysis of mRNA. Five patients with MTC and elevated serum levels of calcitonin and CGRP were studied. Surgically obtained tumor samples (four primary and three lymph node metastases) were extracted after freezing, and the RNA was fractionated on Northern gels. Hybridization was carried out with 32P-labeled synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides coding specifically for calcitonin and CGRP. Calcitonin and CGRP-specific mRNAs approximately 1000 nucleotides in length were demonstrated in all 7 tumor samples. However, neither calcitonin nor CGRP mRNA was detected in a pheochromocytoma from 1 of the patients who had multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. A series of unselected lung carcinomas yielded the same result. Hybridization histochemistry was carried out on sections from the same tumors using the same probes. The mRNAs for calcitonin and CGRP were located in all cells of neoplastic MTC appearance, with CGRP mRNA at significantly lower levels. This demonstrated that both calcitonin and CGRP mRNA were present within the same tumor cells. The lung tumors and pheochromocytoma were negative with both probes. Hybridization histochemistry is likely to be of use in diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer and in studying the calcitonin-CGRP mRNA processing mechanism in whole cells. PMID- 3485649 TI - Serum bone Gla protein: a marker of bone turnover in hyperthyroidism. AB - Serum bone Gla protein (BGP) concentrations were measured in 24 hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment. Before treatment, the mean concentration was higher [11.8 +/- 3.4 ( +/- SD) ng/ml] in the patient group than in a group of 12 age-matched normal subjects (6.1 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; P less than 0.001); 16 of the 24 patients had a value above the normal range. Serum BGP concentrations in the patients correlated significantly with serum T3 (r = 0.65; P less than 0.001) and T4 concentrations (r = 0.56; P less than 0.01). Other biochemical markers of bone metabolism (serum alkaline phosphatase, serum and urinary calcium, and urinary hydroxyproline) did not correlate with circulating thyroid hormone levels. Serum BGP also was measured after the patients had become euthyroid; 23 measurements were made on 16 patients at various times after the start of treatment. All values were normal after 16 weeks; before this period, most of the values were still above the normal range despite normal plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in all patients. These results suggest that BGP is a sensitive marker of bone metabolism alterations during hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3485650 TI - Serum osteocalcin is increased in patients with hyperthyroidism and decreased in patients receiving glucocorticoids. AB - Osteocalcin (OC) is a vitamin K-dependent protein which is synthesized by osteoblasts and is present in the circulation. We measured serum OC concentrations in 10 patients receiving corticosteroids (CS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in 9 hyperthyroid (HT) patients. Mean values ( +/- SE) were as follows: There was a significant correlation between OC and alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.607; P = 0.006) when CS and HT groups were combined. Elevated serum OC concentrations in hyperthyroid patients may reflect increased osteoblastic activity, while decreased levels in corticosteroid-treated patients may reflect decreased osteoblastic activity. PMID- 3485651 TI - Effects of parathyroidectomy on circulating levels of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and bone Gla protein in dialyzed patients. AB - The effects of decreasing serum levels of PTH after parathyroidectomy on circulating levels of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and bone Gla protein (BGP) were studied in seven patients treated with chronic maintenance dialysis. Before surgery, all patients had extremely elevated levels of PTH, low normal or low levels of 1,25-(OH)2D, high levels of BGP, and histological signs of excess PTH action on bone. The fall in PTH levels after surgery resulted in a further decline in 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations and a reduction in circulating BGP levels. This fall in serum 1,25-(OH)2D and BGP levels was not related to serum calcium or phosphorus. Administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from 4-6 months after surgery did not significantly affect serum levels of BGP or PTH. These data indicate that 1,25-(OH)2D is still under regulatory control of PTH in patients without excretory kidney function. This might reflect some remaining endocrine activity of the kidneys in these dialyzed patients or extrarenal production of 1,25-(OH)2D. In addition, the data show that serum BGP levels in renal failure are elevated due not only to impaired clearance but also to PTH-mediated acceleration in bone turnover. Therapy with 1,25-(OH)2D3 in these patients resulted in supraphysiological serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels which did not stimulate BGP production. PMID- 3485652 TI - Phenotypically immature IgG-bearing B cells in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - We investigated the prevalence of phenotypically immature IgG B cells (i.e., coexpressing surface IgG and IgM) in the peripheral blood of 12 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and in normal individuals. Patients had ataxia telangiectasia (N = 1), hyper-IgM combined immunodeficiency (N = 1), or common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). IgG/IgM-positive B cells were evaluated by two color immunofluorescence using fluorescein- or rhodamine-conjugated goat antiserum; to minimize artifacts due to in vivo cytophilic binding of autologous IgG, cell-bound cytophilic Ig were eluted at pH 4 and Fc receptors were blocked by heat-aggregated rabbit IgG before fluorescent staining. All patients, except two with late-onset CVI, had markedly increased proportions of double-stained IgG B cells (56 to 100% of IgG-bearing B cells) in comparison with normal individuals (11 to 33%). PMID- 3485655 TI - The thermoelastic effect in rigor muscle of the frog. AB - Small length changes were imposed on pairs of sartorius muscles from Rana temporaria and Rana pipiens in rigor and the mechanical and thermal responses studied. Rigor was induced by soaking the muscles overnight at 0 degrees C in a physiological salt solution containing 1.5 mM sodium azide and 0.4 mM sodium iodoacetate. Tension was measured at both the tibial and the pelvic ends of the preparation. Muscles were held at a steady tension of 20 to 76 kN m-2 and stretches or releases of 0.02 to 0.6 mm applied in pairs, with the initial change reversed several hundred milliseconds later. Single stretches resulted in heat absorption and releases in heat production by the preparation. Net heat production resulted from complete cycles of length changes larger than 0.1 mm, whether the initial change was a stretch or a release. The heat produced by the complete cycle was attributed to the movement of the muscles over the thermopile. It was proportional to the difference in tension between the tibial and pelvic ends of the preparation and increased with the size and speed of the length change. Half the heat produced by a complete cycle of length changes was subtracted from the thermal response recorded in the first half-cycle to obtain the reversible component of the response. The reversible component was linearly related to the tension change for all sizes and speeds of length change which were studied, with the heat:tension ratio ranging from -0.0093 to -0.0179 in eleven muscles (mean -0.0128 +/- 0.0009). The constancy of the heat:tension ratio in rigor muscles over a wide range of mechanical conditions indicates that the source of the thermal changes is the normal elasticity of the preparation. Since the size of the ratio is approximately the same as that measured in active muscles, the tension-dependent component of the thermal response to length changes applied to active muscles is probably also of elastic origin. PMID- 3485653 TI - Suppression of natural killer-cell function in humans following thermal and traumatic injury. AB - Depressed cell-mediated and humoral immune functions have been reported to occur following severe thermal and traumatic injury. In this study we have questioned whether another immune function, natural killing (NK), is also disturbed in these injured patients. Twenty-two thermally injured patients with burns ranging from 5 to 75% of the total body surface area and 15 traumatically injured patients with injury severity scores ranging from 9 to 56 were followed postinjury and compared to 29 age-matched controls. NK activity was measured as the percentage cytotoxicity in chromium-51 release assays with K562 target cells. The more severely burned patients had significantly depressed NK activity for the 40-day period following injury that remained reduced for the duration of the study. Patients with lesser burns had reduced NK-cell function for the initial 10-day period postburn that returned slowly to the normal range. Traumatically injured patients had depressed NK-cell function during the 3- to 6-day period postinjury. The percentage of cells bearing phenotypic markers for the groups in which NK cells are found was either normal or elevated in these patients. A correlation was found between NK activity and interleukin 2 generation by mononuclear cells from these patients. In order to investigate the mechanism of NK suppression in these patients, NK-cell function was studied following the infusion of cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon into volunteer subjects in amounts known to reproduce serum levels seen following injury of moderate severity. NK-cell function was reduced an average of 66% following infusion, suggesting that the inhibition of NK-cell function seen in patients may be mediated by the stress response to injury. PMID- 3485654 TI - The role of receptors for complement in the induction of polyclonal B-cell proliferation and differentiation. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies and ligands that bind to the CR1 or CR2 complement receptors of B cells has been used to investigate the role of these membrane molecules in regulating B-cell proliferation and differentiation. When CR2 was modulated from the surface of B cells by treatment with the HB-5 antibody and a secondary goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody, Epstein-Barr virus induced polyclonal B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production were inhibited by 83 and 90%, respectively. In contrast, modulation of other cell surface molecules, HB-2, B1, and the C3b receptor (CR1), or pretreatment of B cells with C3d,g (a CR2 ligand) or HB-5 antibody, alone minimally inhibited these responses. Neither the HB-5 antibody C3d,g, nor a monoclonal antibody (YZ-1) reactive with CR1 induced resting B cells to proliferate, nor did they alter anti mu antibody-induced proliferation. Similarly, treatment with C3d,g or with the HB 5 or YZ-1 antibodies did not induce B cells to secrete immunoglobulin or affect pokeweed mitogen-induced plasma-cell formation. Whereas CR2 appears to be the functionally relevant receptor for Epstein-Barr virus on B cells, the effects of ligand interactions with CR1 and CR2 on normal B-cell proliferation or differentiation remain unidentified. PMID- 3485656 TI - Immunohistological analysis of macrophages in the central nervous system of Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Inflammatory cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry, utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for T cell subsets, B cells, Ia-positive cells and cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in cryostat sections of central nervous system of Lewis rats, sacrificed during the course of actively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The present study provides interesting information about the presence and distribution of cells of the monocyte macrophage lineage in this immunologically mediated disease. Using these monoclonal antibodies different subpopulations of macrophages having varying distribution patterns in the central nervous system can be recognized. PMID- 3485657 TI - Disparate responses of lymphocyte clones to cells of monozygotic twins discordant for multiple sclerosis. AB - Spinal fluid and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurologic diseases (OND) were stimulated with a pool of allogeneic MS lymphocytes. Responding cells were cloned and assayed for their proliferative responses to peripheral blood lymphocytes from monozygotic twins discordant for MS. As expected, most (greater than 90%) responding clones proliferated equally well to cells from both members of a twin set. However, some clones were noted that responded to cells from one but not the other of the twin set. These differences could not be explained on the basis of a decreased stimulatory capacity of the twin cells. We cannot definitively explain our observations but they may suggest that environmental factors, perhaps exposure to a virus, could have altered the antigenic phenotypes of cells from identical twins discordant for MS. Further evaluation of the nature of these differences may lead to an understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 3485658 TI - A lymphokine regulates expression of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in human monocytes and macrophages. AB - Biosynthesis and secretion of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI) has been demonstrated in primary cultures of human mononuclear phagocytes, making it possible to study regulation of alpha 1 PI in normal (PiMM) and homozygous deficient (PiZZ) individuals. In this study, expression of alpha 1 PI by blood monocytes, bronchoalveolar, and breast milk macrophages decreased during 1 wk in culture whereas expression of other secreted proteins increased. The addition of crude supernatants from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to confluent monolayers of mononuclear phagocytes after 1 wk in culture resulted in a 2- to 2.5-fold increase in alpha 1 PI expression. The increase in alpha 1 PI expression was dose- and time-dependent, and involved a mechanism acting at a pretranslational level as shown by an increase in specific messenger RNA content corresponding to the increase in synthesis and secretion of alpha 1 PI. Although alpha 1 PI was expressed in native form and in forms complexed with serine protease by monocytes early in culture, it was expressed in its native form alone when monocytes were incubated with the lymphokine after 1 wk in culture. The regulating factor had the characteristics of a polypeptide and was derived from T lymphocytes, but it was not interferon-alpha, -beta, -gamma, or interleukin 2. This lymphokine also stimulated synthesis of alpha 1 PI in monocytes of homozygous-deficient PiZZ individuals, but had minimal effect on secretion, thereby increasing the intracellular accumulation of the inhibitor and exaggerating the defect in secretion of alpha 1 PI in these individuals. Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte alpha 1 PI expression by a lymphokine provides a model for further analysis of the effect of enhanced synthesis on a defect in posttranslational processing/secretion and for analysis of differential regulation of protease and inhibitor expressed in the same cells. PMID- 3485659 TI - Neutrophil-mediated injury to endothelial cells. Enhancement by endotoxin and essential role of neutrophil elastase. AB - The neutrophil has been implicated as an important mediator of vascular injury, especially after endotoxemia. This study examines neutrophil-mediated injury to human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. We found that neutrophils stimulated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), the complement fragment C5a, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1-1,000 ng/ml) alone produced minimal endothelial injury over a 4-h assay. In contrast, neutrophils incubated with endothelial cells in the presence of low concentrations of LPS (1-10 ng/ml) could then be stimulated by FMLP or C5a to produce marked endothelial injury. Injury was maximal at concentrations of 100 ng/ml LPS and 10(-7) M FMLP. Pretreatment of neutrophils with LPS resulted in a similar degree of injury, suggesting that LPS effects were largely on the neutrophil. Endothelial cell injury produced by LPS exposed, FMLP-stimulated neutrophils had a time course similar to that induced by the addition of purified human neutrophil elastase, and different from that induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Further, neutrophil-mediated injury was not inhibited by scavengers of a variety of oxygen radical species, and occurred with neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, which produced no H2O2. In contrast, the specific serine elastase inhibitor methoxy-succinyl-alanyl alanyl-prolyl-valyl-chloromethyl ketone inhibited 63% of the neutrophil-mediated injury and 64% of the neutrophil elastase-induced injury. However, neutrophil mediated injury was not inhibited significantly by 50% serum, 50% plasma, or purified alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. These results suggest that, in this system, chemotactic factor-stimulated human neutrophil injury of microvascular endothelial cells is enhanced by small amounts of LPS and may be mediated in large part by the action of neutrophil elastase. PMID- 3485661 TI - Metastatic thymoma: a case report and immunohistological analysis. AB - A patient with metastatic lymphocyte predominant thymoma was studied and an immunohistological analysis of frozen and paraffin sections was performed. The immunophenotype of the lymphoid cells was similar to that of primary thymomas and T cell lymphoblastic lymphomas. The epithelial cells reacted with an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody. The results have diagnostic implications for the histopathologist using immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid and it is concluded that a panel of monoclonal antibodies against both lymphoid and epithelial markers should be used for immunohistological typing of tumours of uncertain histogenesis. PMID- 3485663 TI - A quantitative analysis of frog optic nerve regeneration: is retrograde ganglion cell death or collateral axonal loss related to selective reinnervation? AB - The present study was designed to assess whether axon collateral formation and loss or retrograde cell death contribute to selective reinnervation during optic nerve regeneration in the frog, Rana pipiens. The right optic nerve was crushed in 18 frogs, and samples were taken near the optic disc (retinal segment) and near the optic chiasm (brain segment). These samples were studied quantitatively with the electron microscope at various postoperative survival times (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year; N = 2). The number and size of axons in each segment were estimated from a series of electron micrographs taken at intervals across the transverse extent of each nerve and compared with normal nerves (N = 4). Results show that there are 5.3 +/- 1.8 X 10(5) (S.D.) unmyelinated and 2.3 +/- .5 X 10(4) myelinated axons in the normal nerve. One week post-crush (p.c.) there is a 27% decrease in the number of axons in the retinal segment (4.1 +/- 1.4 X 10(5)), indicating early retrograde axonal loss. As expected, there is a greater loss of axons at this time in the brain segment (3.0 +/- 1.3 X 10(5)). Between 2 and 6 weeks p.c. the number of axons increases in the retinal segment to over twice the normal number of axons increases in the retinal segment to over twice the normal number (12.3 +/- 3.8 X 10(5)) and to over four times this number in the brain segment (20.0 +/- 3.0 X 10(5)), showing collateral axon formation results from this injury. A large loss in the number of axons occurs in both nerve segments between 6 and 12 weeks p.c. (4.3 +/- 1.5 X 10(5)) and an additional loss at 20 weeks p.c. (2.2 +/- .98 X 10(5)). Subsequently, the number remains constant, approximately 40% of normal. Visual recovery was seen in the two frogs tested one year after optic nerve crush that were used for optic axon counts. Autoradiography in these same animals showed the optic nerve projections normally seen after regeneration. Besides axonal loss, our results also indicate that the size of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons is significantly above normal at chronic postoperative periods. This increase in axonal size is interpreted to be related to the increased territory each remaining optic axon must fill to restore the optic projections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485660 TI - Pathophysiology of hemolysis in infections with Hemophilus influenzae type b. AB - The capsular polysaccharide of Hemophilus influenzae type b, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP), is released from growing organisms during human infection and can be found in body fluids. It binds to untreated erythrocytes. Many patients with invasive infections with this organism develop significant hemolysis, but the mechanism has been unclear. We have found that PRP binds to human erythrocytes in vivo. PRP-coated erythrocytes have a shortened circulation time in mice, but do not lyse spontaneously or fix complement. PRP-coated erythrocytes exposed to antiserum to H. influenzae type b are undamaged in the absence of complement, but are rapidly and effectively lysed in the presence of an intact complement system both in vitro and in vivo in mice. PRP-coated red cells are taken up by liver and spleen. Antiserum to PRP increases hepatic uptake of PRP coated red cells more than splenic, and appears to induce intravascular, complement-mediated hemolysis, as well as extravascular hemolysis. Patients with invasive infection develop hemolysis when circulating PRP and antibody to PRP are present simultaneously. PRP can sometimes be detected on patient erythrocytes when free PRP is present in serum, but this is an inconsistent finding. The hemolytic anemia that occurs during human infection with H. influenzae type b may be due to absorption of PRP to red cells and immune destruction of sensitized erythrocytes. The process requires an intact complement system; both complement mediated cell lysis and extravascular hemolysis contribute to red cell destruction. PMID- 3485664 TI - Tectal neurons of the frog: intracellular recording and labeling with cobalt electrodes. AB - With the aid of cobalt-filled intracellular electrodes, responses evoked by electrical and visual stimulation were recorded from tectal neurons. Diffuse light and "edge" and "spot" stimuli were used for visual stimulation; electrical stimuli were delivered by means of bipolar electrodes to the optic tract. The cells were subsequently filled with cobalt for a correlative histological study. The following types of neurons were distinguished: (1) Pear-shaped neurons with restricted and broad dendritic fields occurring in tectal layers 8, 6, 4, and 2. In one group, the dendrites bore beads and small protrusions and the short axon arborized within, or close to, the dendritic arbor. They responded mostly with inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to the various stimulations. This type of neuron was interpreted to be a tectal interneuron. In the second group the dendrites were smooth, the dendritic arbor was large, and the axon could be followed to layer 7 in a few cases. Excitatory activities with frequent spike discharges prevailed in their responses. They were regarded as efferent neurons of the tectum. (2) Large ganglionic neurons showed a greater variation in form than has been described in previous Golgi studies. Their responses to the different stimulations were also very variable. The axons of five neurons could be followed to the dorsal part of the thalamus, to the postoptic commissural system, and to the direct and crossed tectobulbar tract. These axons emitted several collaterals to tectal, pretectal, and tegmental structures. (3) A single stellate neuron was impaled in layer 9. It responded only to electrical stimulation with excitation. (4) Deep bipolar neurons were not mentioned in earlier works. Their somata were found in layer 6; the vertically oriented dendrites arborized in plexiform layers 7, 5, and 3, over a distance of more than 1 mm. These cells were sensitive only to electrical stimulation. PMID- 3485662 TI - Detection and importance of beta lactamase producing "non-pathogens" in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. PMID- 3485665 TI - Solitary nonepidermotropic T cell pseudolymphoma of the skin. AB - A possibly new type of T cell pseudolymphoma is described in three cases. It presented as a small, solitary lesion on the trunk of 3 to 5 months' duration. It was slightly elevated, round, and erythematous, with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm. It showed a tendency to regress spontaneously. In sharp contrast to its benign clinical appearance and biologic behavior, a distinct malignant histopathologic picture was observed, however. It was characterized by a nonepidermotropic bandlike subepidermal infiltrate dominated by large T lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei identical in morphologic and immunologic characteristics to the abnormal cellular component of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3485666 TI - Ultrastructural observation of Charcot-Leyden crystals in mechlorethamine-treated cutaneous lesions of histiocytosis X. AB - We were recently able to observe, by electron microscopy, Charcot-Leyden crystals in the cutaneous lesions of histiocytosis X (Letterer-Siwe disease) that had been treated by local applications of mechlorethamine. The occurrence of Charcot Leyden crystals in skin lesions is infrequent; so far, these structures have been observed only in cases of facial (Lever's) eosinophilic granuloma and in incontinentia pigmenti. Although Charcot-Leyden crystals can at times be formed spontaneously in tissue lesions, the possibility that their formation was favored by the local action of mechlorethamine is considered. PMID- 3485667 TI - Necrotic panniculitis with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 3485668 TI - Class attitudes in a dental school. PMID- 3485669 TI - Noninvasive assessment of coronary stenoses by myocardial perfusion imaging during pharmacologic coronary vasodilation. VIII. Clinical feasibility of positron cardiac imaging without a cyclotron using generator-produced rubidium 82. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical feasibility of diagnosing significant coronary artery disease by positron imaging of myocardial perfusion without a cyclotron, using generator-produced rubidium-82 (82Rb). Fifty patients underwent positron emission tomography of the entire heart using a multislice positron camera and intravenous 82Rb or nitrogen-13 ammonia (13NH3) before and after intravenous dipyridamole combined with handgrip stress. Images were read by two observers blinded as to clinical or arteriographic data. Automated quantitative coronary arteriography was obtained for the arteriographic determination of coronary flow reserve, previously demonstrated to be a single integrated measure of stenosis severity accounting for all its geometric dimensions of length, absolute diameter, percent narrowing and asymmetry by quantitative analysis of cine films. Significant coronary artery disease was defined as an arteriographically determined coronary flow reserve of less than 3.0 based on all stenosis dimensions. Any single geometric measure of stenosis severity alone was an inadequate reference standard for comparison with perfusion images. Sensitivity of identifying patients with coronary artery disease having an arteriographically determined coronary flow reserve of less than 3.0 was 95% by positron imaging with a specificity of 100%. The single case that was missed, studied with 13NH3, had a 43% diameter narrowing of a small ramus intermedius off the left coronary artery with no significant narrowing of the major coronary arteries. Positron emission tomography of myocardial perfusion before and after intravenous dipyridamole combined with handgrip stress utilizing generator produced 82Rb provides sensitive and specific diagnosis of reduced coronary flow reserve due to coronary artery disease in humans. PMID- 3485670 TI - Positron tomography and coronary flow reserve: toward a more sophisticated understanding of coronary artery disease. PMID- 3485671 TI - Value and limitation of biplane rest and exercise radionuclide angiography for assessing individual bypass grafts: a prospective study. AB - This prospective study evaluated the ability of serial biplane rest and exercise radionuclide angiography to predict the status of individual coronary bypass grafts in 20 patients 2 to 6 months after surgery. The preoperative coronary angiogram was used to assign vessels to 10 regions of distribution on the radionuclide angiogram. Predictions of graft adequacy for individual vessels were based on a detailed assessment of rest and exercise wall motion in their regions of supply. Of 59 grafts, 38 were judged adequate (patent with less than 75% stenosis) and 21 inadequate by postoperative catheterization. Radionuclide prediction of graft status was possible for 32 of the 59 grafts, including 19 of 24 left anterior descending, 7 of 19 circumflex and 6 of 16 right coronary artery grafts. The status of the remaining 27 grafts could not be assessed because of normal wall motion in their region of supply both pre- and postoperatively (22 vessels) or because a region of supply was not represented on the biplane radionuclide angiogram (5 vessels). Of the 32 predictions made, 25 (78%) were correct, including 13 (93%) of 14 predictions of graft adequacy and 12 (67%) of 18 predictions of graft inadequacy. The single incorrect prediction of graft adequacy resulted from improved exercise wall motion in a region supplied by a graft judged as having a 75% anastomotic stenosis. Most incorrect predictions of graft inadequacy were due to new septal or other rest wall motion abnormalities postoperatively. The comparison of pre- and postoperative studies was essential to maintain the predictive ability of the test. Thus, a detailed analysis of regional wall motion by rest and exercise radionuclide angiography can be used to predict the status of individual coronary artery bypass grafts. Reliable predictions can be made for most successful anterior descending grafts, and may permit cardiac catheterization to be deferred in certain cases. However, the method is limited by the need to perform preoperative exercise studies, by the low number of right and circumflex coronary artery grafts that can be evaluated and by the poor specificity of predictions of graft failure. PMID- 3485672 TI - High degrees of astigmatism: are hydrogels the answer? AB - A bilateral compound hyperopic astigmat, with-the-rule, with incipient presbyopia and refractive amblyopia fitted with toric (custom) soft lenses in a monofit mode is described. Shortly after wearing the hydrogel toric lenses the patient developed a severe allergic reaction from a thimerosal based saline, which eventually resolved. PMID- 3485673 TI - Selective inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced polyclonal IgG response by monoclonal Ly-5 antibody. AB - We have identified two important molecules involved in the regulation of B cell differentiation, namely Lyb-2 and Ly-5. To gain further insight into the function of these two molecules, we examined the effect of monoclonal Lyb-2 and Ly-5 antibodies on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cell growth and maturation. We found that Lyb-2 antibody does not have any effect on LPS-induced proliferation and on polyclonal IgM or total IgG responses. On the other hand, although Ly-5 antibody did not affect proliferation and polyclonal IgM responses, it strongly inhibited polyclonal IgG responses, presumably by direct action on B cells. This inhibition was not caused by direct suppressive effect of Ly-5 antibody or Fc receptor-mediated negative signaling. To exert maximal inhibitory effect, Ly-5 antibody had to be added to the culture during the initial 48 hr. However, the presence of Ly-5 antibody during the first 2 days did not cause a significant inhibition. It is thus likely that Ly-5 plays a critical role in the regulation of LPS-induced B cell maturation into IgG-secreting cells at a phase starting within 48 hr after LPS stimulation and continuing thereafter. PMID- 3485674 TI - Natural killer cell activity in the rat. V. The circulation patterns and tissue localization of peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL). AB - Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and T cells were separated from blood by centrifugation on discontinuous gradients of Percoll, were labeled with [3H]uridine or [111In]oxine, and were injected i.v. into syngeneic euthymic or athymic nude rats. The tissue distribution of these labeled cells was monitored for up to 24 hr after transfer by scintillation counting of tissue homogenates and autoradiography of tissue sections. In normal euthymic rats, the main sites of LGL localization were the alveolar walls of the lungs and spleen red pulp; however, they were not detectable in the major traffic areas of T lymphocyte recirculation, the spleen white pulp, and lymph nodes. Furthermore, the density of labeled LGL was very low in the small intestine, thymus, kidney, and liver, although on a per-organ basis, about 10% of the injected radioactivity was found in the liver by 24 hr post-injection. When 111In-labeled LGL were injected i.v. into rats with an indwelling thoracic duct cannula, they completely failed to enter the thoracic duct lymphocyte (TDL) population over an observation period of 6 days. This finding was markedly different from the results obtained with T cells and was consistent with the lack of natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity observed among TDL, even in rats pretreated with the biological response modifier, poly I:C. LGL in athymic nude rats also failed to recirculate between blood and lymph. However, in contrast to normal euthymic animals, a significant increase in the localization of radiolabeled LGL to lymph nodes was observed in nude rats between 30 min and 24 hr. Taken as a whole, these findings define the areas within the lungs and spleen in which blood LGL normally localize, and clearly demonstrate that LGL do not normally recirculate between blood and lymph. PMID- 3485675 TI - Mitogen-stimulated phospholipid synthesis in normal and immune-deficient human B cells. AB - Eight patients with common variable panhypogammaglobulinemia were shown in the in vitro Ig biosynthesis assay to have defective B cell responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Phospholipid synthesis was assessed in the B cell plus monocyte fraction (MB) and irradiated T cells (T*) of patients and paired normal controls. Cell populations were studied separately and in the four possible combinations (1:1), with and without PWM, to reveal the effect of cell interactions. At 16 to 20 hr the mean stimulation index (SI) +/- standard error for MB cells alone was 1.01 +/- 0.02 for eight patients and 0.99 +/- 0.02 for the paired normals; the T* cell SI was 1.25 +/- 0.04 for patients and 1.28 +/- 0.05 for normals. Combinations of normal MB cells with normal T* cells showed significantly higher SI when compared with the combinations of normal MB cells with patient T* cells (p less than 0.005). However, the combination of patient MB cells with patient T* cells and the combination of patient MB cells with normal T* cells were not significantly different in SI (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). Isolation of patient and normal B cells, T* cells, and monocytes after the choline pulse showed that patient B cells gave a higher SI with normal T* help than with patient T* help. Of greatest interest is the finding that patient B cells that were defective in PWM-stimulated Ig production nevertheless showed a phospholipid synthesis response to PWM in the normal range, suggesting that the maturation defect in these B cells occurs later than the phospholipid synthesis acceleration step, or on a different pathway. PMID- 3485676 TI - An assay for colony-stimulating factor (CSF) production by single T lymphocytes: estimation of the frequency of cells producing granulocyte-macrophage CSF and multi-lineage CSF within a T lymphocyte clone. AB - The frequency of cells producing hemopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF) in a murine T lymphocyte clone has been determined by using a simple microassay that does not require clonal expansion or the addition of accessory cells. When stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A), the clone LB3 produced both granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and multi-lineage CSF (Multi-CSF), which could be detected by using the cell line FDC-P1, whose proliferation is dependent on the presence of either of these factors. Limiting dilution analysis of Con A stimulated LB3 cells indicated a requirement for cell-cell contact for optimal production of CSF, which could be bypassed by preincubation of the cells at high density with Con A for 4 hr before dilution in the assay. Limiting dilution estimates of the frequency of CSF-producing cells among Con A-pretreated LB3 cells ranged from 20 to 50%. Direct measurement of CSF production by single Con A pretreated cells isolated by micromanipulation revealed that 10 to 20% could secrete detectable CSF. However, when isolated Con A-pretreated two-cell and three-cell aggregates were assayed, 50 to 99% were positive, indicating that 30 to 80% of the cells in the aggregates secreted CSF. Assay of the supernatants from single cells and two-cell aggregates on both FDC-P1 cells and another cell line, 32D c13, which responds only to Multi-CSF, demonstrated that many cells produced GM-CSF only, and others varied in the relative quantities of GM-CSF and Multi-CSF produced. PMID- 3485678 TI - Interleukin 1: a common endogenous mediator of inflammation and the local Shwartzman reaction. AB - In this study we investigated the role of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in the induction of inflammatory lesions and in the preparation and provocation of the local Shwartzman reaction. Both of these phenomena can be induced with a variety of agents. This suggested to us that a common endogenous mediator may be crucial to the development of these two lesions. When IL 1 was injected intradermally into shaved rabbit backs, 51Cr-labeled neutrophils accumulated at the injection site. Neutrophils began to accumulate less than 1 hr after injection, and the maximum rate of accumulation was observed by 4 hr. This activity was dose dependent. It was calculated that in all animals, 10(-14) mol of IL 1 induced significant neutrophil accumulation, whereas in many animals, as little as 10(-15) mol of IL 1 sufficed. When 4.2 X 10(-9) mol of E. coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide W was injected i.v. 24 hr after an intradermal injection of IL 1 (2.9 X 10(-13) mol), a local Shwartzman reaction was seen 4 hr later at the intradermal injection site. IL 1 injected i.v. 24 hr after an intradermal injection of either IL 1 or lipopolysaccharide also produced a local Shwartzman reaction. These data indicate that IL 1 may be the common endogenous mediator of the inflammatory response, and IL 1 may serve in the same role for the preparation and provocation of the local Shwartzman reaction. PMID- 3485677 TI - Influence of avidity and idiotope recognition on the modulation of surface immunoglobulin on malignant human B cells by rat monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) was obtained from the tumor cells of patients with B cell malignancies by somatic cell hybridization to mouse-human heteromyeloma cells. The human Ig secreted by one of these hybridomas was used as an immunogen for the production of rat monoclonal antibodies (mAb). A panel of mAb specific for the idiotype (Id) was produced and characterized. Competitive binding studies that made use of [Se]-labeled anti-Id mAb (MAID) demonstrated several distinct yet topographically related Id on the Id-bearing Ig. These antibodies were shown to have avidities ranging from 0.38 to 45.3 X 10(8) l/mol. Additional studies demonstrated varying degrees of antigenic modulation of surface Id in vitro by MAID. The degree of modulation correlates with antibody avidity. PMID- 3485680 TI - Natural and recombinant human interleukin 1-beta is cytotoxic for human melanoma cells. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with LPS were found to release an activity that was cytotoxic for the A375 melanoma. Biochemical and immunological characterization of the activity indicated that IL 1-beta was the cytotoxic agent. Human recombinant IL 1-beta, purified to homogeneity, was directly cytotoxic for A375. Tumor necrosis factor, also released by activated monocytes, was not cytotoxic for the A375 melanoma. PMID- 3485679 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte effector function requires plasma membrane chloride flux. AB - Treatment of cytotoxic murine T lymphocytes (CTL) with certain stilbene disulfonate derivatives results in a dose-related loss of lytic capacity. This effect is reversible and apparently not a function of drug toxicity. Additionally, CTL function is inhibited by isosmotic replacement of extracellular chloride with several relatively membrane-impermeable chloride analogues. Both inhibitory manipulations act on the effector rather than the target cell and are effective only during delivery of the lethal hit. These results suggest that delivery of the lethal hit may involve CTL exocytosis. PMID- 3485681 TI - Abortive activation of B lymphocytes by monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. AB - Toward a better understanding of the signaling role of antigen-mIg binding in the generation of humoral immune responses, we have assessed the effects of soluble, monoclonal anti-Ig antibodies on various cell physiologic parameters known to change during B cell activation. These parameters include membrane potential, I-A antigen expression, narrow angle light scattering properties (size), and cell cycle state. Results indicate that all monoclonal antibodies that bind cell to surface IgM or IgD, or both, induce virtually all small B cells to undergo membrane depolarization and increased I-A expression. Only a small subset of these antibodies, exemplified by b-7-6 anti-mu, induce all small B cells to enter G1. An increasingly smaller proportion of these cells traverse each subsequent cell cycle phase, with 10% of cells reaching G2 or M phases by 60 hr of culture. The kinetics of this response to b-7-6 are considerably slower than those of the response induced by LPS. Finally, analysis of Percoll density-fractionated cells revealed that although B blasts made by b-7-6 stimulation of small cells remain b 7-6 responsive, natural B blasts isolated from the spleen are refractory to monoclonal anti-Ig stimulation as indicated by membrane depolarization, increased IA expression, blastogenesis, and [3H]thymidine uptake. PMID- 3485682 TI - Growth regulation of transformed T cells by nonactivated macrophages: the role of Ia expression. AB - We studied the influence of unactivated mouse peritoneal macrophages on the proliferative capacity of a spontaneously transformed MRL-lpr/lpr T cell clone. Macrophages, 25%, induced a reduction in proliferative rate from 20% to 95% measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and microscopic cytometry. MHC-compatible (H-2k) macrophages caused growth inhibition reciprocal to the amount of Ia expression on the macrophage. Thus, with increasing preculture of the macrophages there was both decreasing Ia and increasing suppression. H-2-incompatible macrophages had maximal inhibitory capacity without preincubation. Macrophages derived from the peritoneum of MRL-lpr/lpr mice were less suppressive than macrophages from other H-2k mice. In contrast to the case of activated macrophages in other studies, in the present system there was no killing of T cells, only reduction in proliferation. The inhibitory effect of the macrophages correlated with the spontaneous formation of rosettes between the macrophages and the T cell clone. The number of rosettes forming a single layer of T cells around the macrophages, but not the number of rosettes with multiple layers of cells, was reciprocally related to the amount of Ia expression. The results suggest that macrophages bear a surface structure that influences and modulates the growth of T cells. PMID- 3485683 TI - Diabetic BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/Wor) rats need not be lymphopenic. AB - The BB/Wor rat is an animal model of spontaneous autoimmune type I diabetes mellitus. Previous reports have emphasized the presence of lymphopenia in all diabetic and diabetes-prone BB rats. This manuscript reports the appearance of diabetes among three family lines of BB/Wor animals that were previously free of diabetes. Diabetic W-line rats are not lymphopenic and possess normal percentages of phenotypic T cell subsets. Hence the presence of lymphopenia is not obligatory for the occurrence of diabetes in BB/Wor rats. PMID- 3485684 TI - Autoimmunity induced by HgCl2 in Brown-Norway rats. I. Production of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces in Brown-Norway rats (BN) a B cell polyclonal activation resulting in autoimmune disease. Spleen cells from BN rats injected with HgCl2 were fused with IR983F, a nonsecreting rat myeloma cell line, in order to obtain monoclonal antibodies reacting with autoantigens or IgE-producing hybridomas. After screening for immunoglobulin-producing clones, we found 5% clones with anti-tissue activity, 8% with anti-TNP activity, and 41% secreting IgE. Among the anti-tissue monoclonal antibodies, one recognizes both TNP and mesangial structures of rat normal glomeruli, which could be an as yet unrecognized mechanism of nephrotoxicity. These experiments 1) confirm that HgCl2 induces polyclonal activation, 2) show that the mercury model is of interest to obtain monoclonal IgE and various autoantibodies, and 3) suggest a new possible mechanism of antibody-mediated renal injury. PMID- 3485685 TI - Estimation by limiting dilution analysis of human IL 2-secreting T cells: detection of IL 2 produced by single lymphokine-secreting T cells. AB - We present here a culture method for the estimation, in human blood, of the number of lymphocytes that can respond to mitogen by producing interleukin 2 (IL 2). T cells are cultured at limiting dilutions with PHA or Con A in the presence of Epstein Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells (EB-LCL), and supernatants are tested 3 days later for IL 2 content by a cell proliferation assay. The distribution of negative wells follows the expected Poisson "single hit" relationship, suggesting that the assay is sensitive to single cells of a single limiting cell type. On average, 16.3% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells can produce IL 2 in such clonal cultures (mean of 12 determinations; SD = 5.6%). Surprisingly, irradiation (up to 2000 rad) of the titrated responder cell population diminishes the estimated frequencies by less than 50%. The ability to detect IL 2 levels in cultures containing only a single, nonproliferating T lymphocyte allows us to estimate the amount of IL 2 generated by an individual effector cell during a 3-day culture interval after mitogen stimulation. The average responding, irradiated T cell generates 0.92 pg of IL 2 (median) within 3 days. The method presented provides a straightforward way to provide independent estimates of responding cell number and of lymphokine production per cell in a variety of clinical situations. PMID- 3485686 TI - Purification to homogeneity and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a novel interleukin 1 species derived from a human B cell line. AB - A subclone, referred to as 3B6, derived from a DR-negative EBV-transformed B cell line, has been found to spontaneously produce IL 1. 3B6-IL 1 displays a pI of 5 on FPLC chromatofocusing. It has been purified to homogeneity by a sequence of ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on procion red agarose. The homogeneous material migrated with an apparent m.w. of 13,500 on SDS-PAGE. The overall recovery of IL 1 activity was estimated at 57%. The final material had a specific activity of 7.8 X 10(6) half-maximal units/mg and represented a 50,000-fold purification. A partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence has been obtained that is different from those reported from monocytic IL 1. However, this molecule can formally be identified as IL 1 on its spectrum of biologic activities. In addition to inducing the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the co-stimulator assay. 3B6-IL 1 is active on both human T and B cells, respectively, in inducing IL 2 synthesis by cells from a subcloned HSB 2 line and promoting the proliferation of anti-IgM-stimulated human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Furthermore, 3B6-IL 1 acts as a growth factor for normal human fibroblasts and for the 3B6 line itself. However, 3B6-IL 1 is not pyrogenic in rabbits. Thus, the 3B6 cell line was shown to produce a new molecular species of IL 1, with respect to its NH2-terminal sequence, which shared all of the studied biologic activities of monocytic IL 1 except for pyrogenicity. PMID- 3485688 TI - Control of C1 activation by nascent C3b and C4b: a mechanism of feedback inhibition. AB - We have demonstrated that immune complexes turn over C1, i.e., limiting quantities of immune complexes activate an excess of C1. This was readily apparent in a system of purified C1 and C1-inhibitor (C1-In) but not in normal human serum (NHS). The following results indicate that C3 and C4 are the serum factors responsible for the inhibition of C1 turnover by immune complexes. 1) In a purified protein system composed of C1 and C1-In at pH 7.5, ionic strength 0.14 M, doses of immune complexes that activated all the C1 in 60 min at 37 degrees C yielded no detectable C1 activation when C2, C3, and C4 were also present. All proteins were at their physiologic concentrations. Activation was quantified by SDS-PAGE analysis and hemolytic titration 2) In order to inactivate C3 and C4, NHS was treated with 50 mM methylamine (MeAm) for 15 min at 37 degrees C, after which the MeAm was removed by dialysis. The activities of C1, C2, and C1-In were unaffected by this treatment. Doses of immune complexes that consumed no C1 in NHS, consumed all the C1 in MeAm-treated NHS (MeAm-NHS). 3) Reconstitution of MeAm-NHS with physiologic concentrations of C3 and C4 rendered the serum again resistant to excessive C1 consumption by immune complexes. Immune complexes used in these studies included EA-IgG, EA-IgM, tetanus-human anti-tetanus, and aggregated human IgG. There appeared to be specificity to the inhibition reaction since C4 by itself could inhibit C1 consumption by EA-IgM, whereas the presence of C3 was also required to control EA-IgG. Finally, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine was added to NHS at a final concentration of 30 mM. This nucleophile did not interact with native C3 or C4, nor did it directly activate C1. However, upon the addition of low doses of immune complexes, acetyl tyrosine did yield uncontrolled C1 activation, presumably by binding nascent C3b and C4b and thereby blocking their attachment to the immune complexes. We conclude that in NHS there is a mechanism of feedback inhibition by which nascent C3b and C4b inhibit C1 turnover by immune complexes. This mechanism of control might be physiologically important in that it prevents excessive complement activation by low concentrations of immune complexes. PMID- 3485687 TI - Purification and characterization of a unique human interleukin 1 from the tumor cell line U937. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) produced by a human tumor cell line was purified to homogeneity by a three-step chromatographic method and was tested in various assays for multiple biologic properties. The purified IL 1 stimulated the proliferative response of the D10.G4.1 cell line, a mouse IL 1 indicator T cell; caused the release of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin from cultured human foreskin fibroblasts and from primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells; and elicited characteristic endogenous pyrogen fever in rabbits. To stimulate IL 1 production, the histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 was incubated with the exotoxin from toxic shock strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Supernatants from stimulated U937 cells were concentrated, and were applied to a reverse-phase HPLC column. IL 1 activity was eluted from the column at high acetonitrile concentration. Subsequent chromatography over hydroxyapatite yielded a single IL 1 species with a pI of 5.5. IL 1 was then purified to homogeneity by gel exclusion HPLC migrating as a 14 kDa species. The molecular size was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and was visualized as a single molecule by silver staining; biologic activity was recovered from the same region of the gel. Limited N-terminal sequence analysis suggested some homology to the pI 7 form of the human blood monocyte IL 1. The pI 5.5 IL 1 produced by U937 cells was only partially neutralized with anti-human monocyte IL 1 antibody, suggesting that U937-derived IL 1 is structurally related to one of the molecularly cloned IL 1 species. IL 1 from stimulated U937 cells possesses the functional characteristics of monocyte IL 1 but may represent a structurally unique IL 1 species, as determined by sequence analysis, size, and antibody reactivity. PMID- 3485689 TI - Inactivation of C3a by a monocarboxypeptidase present in culture supernatants of stimulated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. AB - Hog C3a, as well as its derivative C3a-desArg were not found to act cytotoxically on starch gel-induced guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Likewise, neither peptide significantly modified the secretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from these cells. However, C3a rapidly lost its spasmogenic activity during incubation in serum-free macrophage cultures and less rapidly in cellfree supernatants collected from cultured macrophages. The following results indicate that C3a is converted into its spasmogenically inactive derivative C3a-desArg by a macrophage-derived monocarboxypeptidase. The inactivated C3a product does not differ from native C3a in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; it elutes from CM cellulose in the same position as purified C3a desArg; and it is devoid of the carboxyl-terminal arginyl residue of C3a, but still contains the carboxyl-terminal sequence of C3a-desArg as determined by analysis after treatment with carboxypeptidases B or Y. Furthermore, inactivation of C3a in supernatants of macrophage cultures is completely blocked by the specific carboxypeptidase inhibitors guanidinopropylsuccinic acid and 2 mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid in final concentrations of 10 mM and 2.1 mM, respectively. The monocarboxypeptidase is apparently supplied by biosynthesis of new material but is not stored as a preformed enzyme because cycloheximide markedly inhibits its expression. PMID- 3485691 TI - A method for the isolation of autoreactive B cells. AB - A technique was developed to isolate a population of autoreactive B cells from both normal and autoimmune-prone mice. Modifications of the procedure of Haas and Layton (1975) permitted coupling the nucleoside guanosine (GU) to gelatin and subsequently coating this matrix onto tissue culture dishes. After incubation on GU-gelatin, B lymphocytes specific for GU could be isolated. Specificity was demonstrated by rosetting techniques as well as by inhibition of binding to GU gelatin by GU-containing conjugates. Isolated GU+ B cells were triggerable with GU-Brucella abortus antigen as well as LPS, to secrete anti-GU antibody in a direct plaque assay. The DNA-binding activity of the antibody was assessed using hapten inhibition of anti-GU PFC. Both native (N) DNA as well as denatured (D) DNA inhibited plaque formation. DNA-binding ability of secreted anti-GU antibody was also demonstrated by plaque formation using D-DNA-coated erythrocytes as target cells. Isolated GU+ B cells that are triggerable with antigen will be important in investigating growth, triggering and tolerance defects in a specific population of autoreactive B cells. In addition autoreactive B cells can now be compared to nonautoreactive hapten-specific lymphocytes. These properties as well as others can now be studied in controlled systems free from the regulatory effects of murine T or accessory cells. PMID- 3485690 TI - Parameters of the labeling of mitogen-activated murine lymphocytes by [35S]methionine for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. I. Effect of culture conditions. AB - Labeling with [35S]methionine at a high specific activity is essential to the facile preparation of 2-dimensional gel electrophoretograms with the analytical 2 dimensional charge-size separation procedure (Anderson's ISODALT system). Mitogen activated T and B lymphocytes subjected to low methionine concentrations would not proceed through cell cycle. In the case of activated B lymphocytes, the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS), dialyzed to lower endogenous methionine concentrations, prevented B cell growth even in the presence of otherwise satisfactory levels of methionine. High concentrations of [35S]methionine (greater than 300 mCi/1) induced B cell death, apparently by radiation damage. Despite these problems, good radioautograms and radiofluorograms of 2D electrophoretograms could be prepared by labeling activated B or T cells in bulk (10(6) cells/ml) with high specific activity [35S]methionine. The polypeptides labeled may be a biased sample since lymphoid cells do not proceed through cell cycle under these conditions. Small numbers (10(3] of activated T cells also yielded satisfactory samples but labeling of small numbers of activated B cells was not possible. PMID- 3485692 TI - Large scale production of human lymphokine activated killer cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy. AB - Immunotherapy utilizing the adoptive transfer of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells in conjunction with recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) is capable of reducing established metastatic cancer in a variety of animal tumor models. A major difficulty in the application of these efforts to the treatment of human cancer has been the activation in vitro of up to 2 X 10(11) human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained by repeated leukaphereses. We have thus developed optimal and simplified techniques for the generation of human LAK cells for use in clinical trials. We have found that 1.5 X 10(9) lymphocytes separated on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and incubated in 1000 ml of culture medium in a 2.3 liter roller bottle with 1000-1500 U of RIL-2 per ml, generated LAK cells capable of killing fresh human tumor cells in a 4 h chromium release assay. The culture medium used was RPMI 1640 with 2 mM glutamine, 2% heat-inactivated human AB serum, 50 micrograms/ml streptomycin and gentamicin and 50 U/ml penicillin. This technique allows activation of sufficient numbers of cells in a research laboratory setting to conduct human clinical trials. The administration of LAK cells generated in this fashion can mediate the regression of human tumors when administered in conjunction with IL-2. PMID- 3485693 TI - Antibodies to collagen types I-VI in Dupuytren's contracture. AB - Sera from 16 patients with Dupuytren's contracture were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to native and denatured human collagen types I, II, III, IV, V and VI. IgG antibody to at least one collagen type was found in 11/16 (69%) of these patients, compared with 27/96 (28%) normal adult blood donor controls. The prevalence of antibody to denatured type II collagen was raised, and although there was no overall increase in HLA-DR4 compared with a control population, this antibody was associated with HLA-DR4 in this patient group. PMID- 3485694 TI - Cardiovascular preventive behavior and disease prevalence in Kentucky. PMID- 3485695 TI - Effect of experimental ventilation of the skin on cutaneous gas exchange in the bullfrog. PMID- 3485696 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 3485697 TI - Recognition of influenza A virus nucleoprotein by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - A recombinant vaccinia virus (NP-VAC) containing cDNA corresponding to segment 5, the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was used to examine the specificity of human influenza virus immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Effector cell preparations from two donors recognized autologous lymphocytes that had been infected with NP-VAC. Lysis was specific because cells infected with vaccinia virus were not killed and recognition was HLA-restricted. In one donor, the influenza virus-specific CTL response changed with time so that his effector cells no longer recognized autologous lymphocytes infected with NP-VAC. However, a component that was NP-specific remained because these CTL lysed the more sensitive autologous B lymphoblastoid cells that had been infected with NP-VAC. In four other donors, no NP-specific CTL response could be detected using autologous lymphocyte targets. Thus NP, an internal virus protein, is one antigen that is recognized by human influenza A virus-specific CTL, but it is likely that other individual virus components contribute to the total CTL response. PMID- 3485698 TI - [Heredofamilial corneal dystrophies and their treatment]. PMID- 3485699 TI - [Congenital dyschromatopsia. I. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 3485700 TI - [Congenital dyschromatopsia. I. Genetic aspects]. PMID- 3485701 TI - Studies on the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: inhibition of NAD-linked substrate oxidation by its metabolite, 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium. AB - The effects of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its 4-electron oxidation product 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium (MPP+) were studied in isolated mitochondria and in mouse brain striatal slices. ADP-stimulated oxidation of NAD-linked substrates was inhibited in a time-dependent manner by MPP+ (0.1-0.5 mM), but not MPTP, in mitochondria prepared from rat brain, mouse brain, or rat liver. Under identical conditions, succinate oxidation was relatively unaffected. In neostriatal slices prepared from the mouse, a species susceptible to the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP, incubation with either MPP+ or MPTP caused metabolic changes consistent with inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation, i.e., an increase in the formation of lactate and accumulation of the amino acids glutamate and alanine with concomitant decreases in glutamine and aspartate levels. The changes resulting from incubation with MPTP were prevented by the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline, which blocks formation of MPP+ from MPTP. The results suggest that compromise of mitochondrial function and its metabolic sequelae within dopaminergic neurons could be an important factor in the neurotoxicity observed after MPTP administration. PMID- 3485702 TI - Vestibular involvement in spasmodic torticollis. AB - Vestibular findings in a group of 35 patients with spasmodic torticollis without other otological or neurological symptoms were reviewed. The most consistent abnormality, present in more than 70% of cases, was a directional preponderance of vestibular nystagmus in the dark in a direction opposite to the head (chin) deviation. Rigidly clamping the head to a rotating chair did not abolish the directional preponderance. In the presence of optic fixation the directional preponderance was less frequent and its severity tended to diminish as a function of the duration of the disease. Smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus were only occasionally affected. The results are indicative of primary involvement of the vestibular system in spasmodic torticollis and are discussed in terms of a break-down of the central mechanisms conveying sensory information responsible for head and eye orientation. PMID- 3485703 TI - In vitro inhibition of interleukin-2 production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from stage III melanoma patients by prostaglandin E2: enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation by exogenous interleukin-2 plus indomethacin. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production following concanavalin A stimulation and the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to both IL-2 alone and IL-2 plus indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, were examined in 16 melanoma patients and 12 healthy controls. Mean IL-2 production by PBMC in 11 melanoma patients with metastatic disease (Stage III) was significantly decreased compared with controls and was moderately decreased compared with five patients with resected nodal disease (Stage II). Indomethacin restored IL-2 production in Stage III PBMC to levels equivalent to that produced by control PBMC. The PBMC of stage III patients also produced 40 times more prostaglandin E2 than PBMC from controls or Stage II patients. Indomethacin plus IL-2, but not IL-2 alone, was capable of restoring the low blastogenic response of PBMC of Stage III patients to normal levels. Hence, these data emphasize the importance for using IL-2 along with indomethacin for in vivo immunorestoration in disseminated melanoma. PMID- 3485704 TI - A relapsing form of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats due to enhanced absorption of inoculum. AB - Lewis rats were prepared by injection of a mild chemical irritant to produce a sterile peritonitis. This procedure has been shown recently to enhance the lymphatic absorption of oily and particulate materials inoculated one week later. Rats pretreated in this manner responded to intraperitoneal injection of spinal cord tissue suspended in mineral oil with the expected clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The clinical signs remitted but were soon followed by a recurrence of equal or greater severity in most of the rats. Most rats survived the relapse and had a second remission although persistent demyelination was often found histologically. Rats inoculated without a prior peritonitis had almost no relapses. Emulsifying agents and mycobacteria reduced or eliminated the occurrence of relapses. The occurrence of relapses correlated with enhanced absorption of inoculum into the draining lymph nodes. The weight and histological appearance of the thymuses supported the hypothesis that the occurrence of relapses and remissions in this model was due to endocrine regulation of the immune response with increased endogenous immunosuppressive corticosteroids playing a crucial role. PMID- 3485706 TI - Spatial organization of neck and vestibular reflexes acting on the forelimbs of the decerebrate cat. AB - EMG recording was used to study the spatial organization of vestibular and tonic neck reflexes acting on forelimb and shoulder muscles of the decerebrate cat. Neck reflexes were studied in preparations with intact labyrinths as well as those with acute or chronic labyrinthectomies. Reflexes were described by response vectors whose orientation component is aligned with the optimal excitatory direction of tilt or head rotation. A muscle's vector orientation remained reasonably stable over a period of hours, although there was sometimes drift at the beginning or end of an experiment. Orientation of muscle response vectors did not change systematically with stimulus frequency of 0.05-2.0 Hz. For vestibular reflexes this is so, although their dynamics are consistent with convergent input from semicircular canals and otolith organs. Regardless of the preparation, a consistent reflex pattern emerged. Vestibular reflexes are characterized by response vector orientation near ear-down roll. Neck vector orientation lies in the opposite direction from the vestibular vector but typically lies further from the roll plane: Nose-up pitch is excitatory for the shoulder muscles supra- and infraspinatus, and for the medial and lateral heads of triceps, whereas nose-down pitch excites the long head of triceps. Our results generally agree with the pattern proposed by Roberts (28) for neck reflexes but disagree in part with his proposed pattern of vestibular reflexes; we did not see the expected consistent excitation by nose-down pitch. PMID- 3485705 TI - Brain tumor protein synthesis and histological grades: a study by positron emission tomography (PET) with C11-L-Methionine. AB - Brain protein synthesis may be evaluated in vivo by a PET three compartment methionine model. 14 human brain tumor patients were studied. Protein synthesis rate (PSR) was increased in any glial tumor even in low grades, but this increase was statistically more important in anaplastic tumor. Radiotherapy action was evaluated in two patients. Local tumoral PSR was reduced to normal brain PSR after treatment. No difference was seen in normal cortex contralateral to the lesion between pre and post radiotherapy examination. 11 C-L-Methionine incorporation measured by PET looks as a very sensitive method for studying tumor metabolism and treatment effects. PMID- 3485708 TI - Gardnerella vaginitis--a guide to identification and management for the practitioner. PMID- 3485709 TI - Dietary vitamin E requirement for optimum immune responses in the rat. AB - Supplementation of diets with vitamin E has been shown to enhance immune responses in numerous animal models. However, these experiments have not investigated the dietary requirement of vitamin E for optimal T- and B-lymphocyte mitogen responses and compared this directly with the requirement for growth, maintenance of spleen-body weight ratios, platelet count as well as prevention of myopathy and red blood cell lysis. We have found that male weanling rats maintain normal rate of growth and spleen-body weight ratio when fed purified diets containing 7.5 mg/kg vitamin E. A level of 15 mg/kg was adequate to prevent myopathy, and 50 mg/kg was necessary for the prevention of red blood cell hemolysis. The dietary requirement for optimum T- and B-lymphocyte responses to mitogens was greater than 50 mg/kg and was significantly correlated with plasma vitamin E levels over a range of 0.04-18 micrograms/ml. Thus, the requirement for this index of immune system activity was higher than for the other functional parameters of vitamin E adequacy measured. Therefore, the immune system responds to changes in dietary vitamin E well before there are signs of frank vitamin deficiency. PMID- 3485710 TI - Chronic gastroenteritis in a patient with histiocytosis-X. AB - We describe a 5-year-old white girl who presented at 18 months of age with an ileal perforation and radiographic evidence of segmental intestinal narrowing. Her initial diagnosis was Crohn's disease; however, on subsequent microscopic review, her lesion consisted of mixed histiocytic and eosinophilic infiltration characteristic of histiocytosis-X. The case is unique in its clinical similarity to Crohn's disease and its paucity of extraintestinal manifestations in the face of persistent mild chronic intestinal symptoms. She remains well controlled on prednisone therapy. PMID- 3485707 TI - Serotonin decreases the duration of action potentials recorded from tetraethylammonium-treated bullfrog dorsal root ganglion cells. AB - Neurotransmitter effects on calcium currents activated by sensory neuron action potentials have been previously studied in embryonic or neonatal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in culture. In the present study we examined the effects of serotonin (5-HT) on the shape of action potentials recorded from fully differentiated primary afferent neurons in isolated DRG of adult bullfrogs. Intracellular recordings were obtained from cell bodies of type A and C neurons. Concentrations of 5-HT that had no effect on membrane potential or input resistance had little or no effect on action potential shape. Treatment with 5-20 mM tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) led to the appearance of a plateau phase on the falling limb of the spike. This plateau phase appears to result from calcium influx, as it was dramatically reduced in amplitude and duration by solutions containing low concentrations of calcium or the calcium channel blocker, manganese. In preparations treated with 7.5 mM TEA, low concentrations of 5-HT (10 nM-1 microM) produced a dose-dependent narrowing of the calcium-dependent plateau phase of the mixed sodium/calcium spike. A decrease in spike afterhyperpolarization was also noted. The decrease in spike duration was recorded from 74% of type A neurons and 57% of type C neurons, and was not secondary to a change in resting potential or input resistance. The 5-HT receptor antagonists methysergide and metergoline did not block the response to 5-HT. Instead, they exhibited weak agonist-like actions. Serotonin also reduced the rate of rise and peak amplitude of calcium spikes recorded in the presence of tetrodotoxin and TEA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485711 TI - Improved survival after allogeneic small intestinal transplantation in the rat using cyclosporine immunosuppression. AB - We investigated the effect of cyclosporine on survival after intestinal transplantation between histoincompatible Brown Norway (AgB3/3) and Lewis (AgB1/1) rats. Intestinal grafts were primarily vascularized (by microsurgical techniques) and interposed isoperistaltically in the recipient's jejunum. All animals were weighed and observed daily. Survival of recipients given cyclosporine 20 mg/kg/d (112 +/- 92 days, n = 10) was significantly longer (P less than .02) than that of recipients given no drug (12 +/- 4 days, n = 8). Six out of ten cyclosporine-treated animals remained alive and well at the conclusion of the experiment. One of these was killed and showed no gross or microscopic evidence of rejection. The described experimental model involves a simple operative technique and minimal postoperative care and should permit systematic investigation of the detection and prevention of rejection. PMID- 3485712 TI - Interproximal gingival inflammation related to the conversion of a bleeding to a nonbleeding state. AB - Elimination of gingival bleeding has been related to a reduction in inflammation; however, histologic data are not available to support this association. The purpose of this study was to characterize the histology of interproximal gingiva that was converted from a bleeding to a nonbleeding state. An interproximal gingival biopsy was obtained from each of 32 patients, 15 of whom bled upon stimulation with a soft wooden interdental cleaner. The remaining 17 biopsies were obtained from sites which initially bled, but were converted to nonbleeding by scaling and interproximal plaque control. Specimens were processed for light microscopic evaluation and subjected to a morphometric analysis for various tissue components. Data from bleeding and "stopped bleeding" specimens were compared using analysis of covariance. The results indicated that "stopped bleeding" specimens had significantly less inflamed connective tissue. It was concluded that the conversion of a bleeding to a nonbleeding state corresponds with a histological reduction in the magnitude of the interproximal inflammatory lesion and provides a rationale, therefore, for the use of bleeding to monitor the effects of therapeutic methods. PMID- 3485714 TI - Intravitreal dislocation of a cataractous lens immediately following retrobulbar injection. PMID- 3485713 TI - Evaluation of a tube method for determining diffusion coefficients for sparingly soluble drugs. AB - Evaluation of a non-steady state method using glass tubes for the determination of diffusion coefficients is the purpose of this study. Unlike capillaries, glass tubes accommodate a larger volume of solution, facilitating assay procedures. Tubes are more susceptible to convection than are capillaries, but this effect is anticipated and accounted for in experimental design and data treatment. Glass tubes, 66 or 90 mm in length and 2 mm outer diameter, were siliconized and then filled with aqueous drug solution and placed in a jacketed flask containing gently stirred solvent at 25 degrees C. Diffusion experiments were run from 140 to 168 hours. At the end of this time period, the tubes were removed from the flask, placed in an ultrasonic vibrator for one minute, and their contents assayed spectrophotometrically. Data collected using potassium chloride as the diffusant showed little tube-to-tube variability, demonstrating the precision of the tube method, while diffusion coefficients determined for benzoic acid and p aminobenzoic acid using the tube method tested the accuracy of the method by comparing reasonably well with values obtained using standard methods such as the rotating disk, free boundary, and membrane cell. Experiments done with either hydrocortisone or sulfisoxazole as the diffusant demonstrated the appropriateness of the tube method for the study of the diffusion of sparingly soluble pharmaceutical solutes. PMID- 3485715 TI - The maximum speed of shortening in living and skinned frog muscle fibres. AB - This study was performed to determine whether Viso (the maximum speed of shortening extrapolated from force-velocity curves) equalled Vu (the unloaded speed of shortening determined by the slack test) in both living fibres from Rana temporaria and mechanically skinned fibres from Rana pipiens. In living fibres (R. temporaria) we obtained improved estimates of Viso by performing force clamps (isotonic) and length ramps (isovelocity) down to very low loads (0.005 isometric tension, P0). Force-velocity characteristics determined by force clamps and length ramps were the same. The hyperbolic Hill curves deviated from the force velocity data at both high and low loads and underestimated Viso by varying degrees. A better estimate of Viso was obtained by linear extrapolation of data at loads from 0.005-0.02 P0 and the mean Viso at 7.5 degrees C was 4.08 muscle lengths/s +/- 0.11 (mean +/- S.E., n = 14). Improved estimates of Vu in living fibres were obtained by photographically calibrating the slack test. The mean Vu was 4.05 muscle lengths/s +/- 0.13 (mean +/- S.E., n = 14) and the intercept was 0.0156 fibre lengths (L0) +/- 0.0013 (mean +/- S.E., n = 14). The step-ramp photographic method, in which the motor speed is matched to Vu, was developed as an independent way to measure Vu in living fibres. Vu measured in this way agreed well with Vu measured by the slack test. In all living fibres, the improved estimates of Vu agreed well with the improved estimates of Viso. Vu/Viso = 0.99 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- S.E., n = 14). In mechanically skinned R. pipiens fibres, force clamps were performed down to loads of 0.01 mN. The force-velocity curve of the skinned fibres differed in shape from that of the living fibres. Although there was significant deviation from the Hill equation at low loads, the data at high loads were well fitted by the Hill curve. Viso determined by extrapolating the Hill equation to zero load was 5.87 muscle lengths/s +/- 0.38 (mean +/- S.E., n = 9) at 7.5 degrees C. In five fibres, the linear extrapolation of low loads (0.01-0.05 P0) showed that the Hill equation underestimated the true Viso by 6%. The slack test with mechanically skinned fibres was calibrated by taking a series of photographic exposures of the fibre at various times following each length step. Vu = 6.12 muscle lengths/s +/- 0.44 (mean +/- S.E., n = 10) and the intercept was 0.0585 L0 +/- 0.0069 (mean +/- S.E., n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485716 TI - Effects of calcium, barium and lanthanum on depolarization-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibres of Rana pipiens. AB - Voltage-clamp experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca, Ba and La on the contractile responses of short (approximately 1.5 mm) muscle fibres. In the absence of external Ca or when 1.8 mM-Ca was substituted by 1.8 mM-Ba the contractile responses to short depolarizing pulses (400 ms) were not modified and only a minor shift in the tension-voltage relationship was observed. At high concentration (76 mM) of Ba or Ca, or in the presence of 2 mM-La, shifts in the tension-voltage relationship of 30, 41 and 25 mV respectively were observed. In addition the steepness of the activation curve was decreased in high Ba and Ca solutions. In the presence of 76 mM-Ba, the rate of the relaxation phase which follows membrane repolarization after a short pulse was diminished, possibly due to an intracellular action of Ba. In the absence of Ca, or when Ca was substituted by 1.8 mM-Ba the area under the prolonged contractile responses (contractures) was reduced considerably. In the presence of 76 mM-Ba, the normal contracture time course was altered, showing a late slower relaxation phase, occasionally with a secondary tension development. In the presence of high Ca or La, the time course of the contractures was greatly prolonged. The steady-state inactivation curve was shifted toward more negative potentials, in the absence of external Ca or when 1.8 mM-Ca was substituted by 1.8 mM-Ba. In the presence of 76 mM-Ba the steady-state inactivation curve was not affected. In the presence of 76 mM-Ca or 2 mM-La the curve was shifted toward less negative potential, with a marked decrease in its steepness. Ba at a concentration as high as 1 or 2 mM did not activate tension development in chemically skinned muscle fibres. Ba at 1 or 2 mM did not appreciably alter the Ca uptake capacity of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. At 5 mM a decrease in the Ca uptake capacity was observed. The results indicate that Ba at low (1.8 mM) concentration is not effective in substituting for Ca. The effects of divalent cations at high concentration, and of La, on the tension-voltage relationship and on the steady-state inactivation curve are most probably mediated by interaction with the external surface of the fibre membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3485717 TI - Interaction of monoamine oxidase B with analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine derived from prodine-type analgesics. PMID- 3485719 TI - Effector cell sensitivity to sugar moieties. III. Inhibition by monosaccharides of interleukin-2 enhanced natural killing against viral and nonviral tumor target cells. AB - Human NK cells recognize multiple target antigens. The ligands (antigens) involved in this interaction have not been clearly identified. Previously, we have shown that some monosaccharides inhibit NK mediated cytolysis in a concentration-dependent fashion and that NK cell activity involves recognition of carbohydrate structures on target cells via receptors on the effector cell surface. Using human IL-2 or recombinant IL-2, we have found that monosaccharides inhibit IL-2 enhanced functional activity in a concentration-dependent fashion; that increased expression of endogenous monosaccharide binding receptors on effector cells occurs after treatment with IL-2; and that greater quantities of monosaccharide were required to obtain equivalent inhibition of IL-2 enhanced NK activity. Our data reinforces the growing belief that effector cells express receptors with different sugar specificities and that quantitative differences in sugar specificities is a likely reason for NK cells having heterogeneous polyclonal activity. PMID- 3485720 TI - Immunological studies on Crohn's disease. IV. Decreased ADCC activity. AB - Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity was studied in 16 Japanese patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 16 healthy controls. ADCC activity was assessed by measuring 51Cr release from antibody coated human B-cell line. Significantly (p less than 0.002) depressed ADCC activity was found in patients with CD, although ADCC activity was not directly related to the disease activity. To determine causative factors related to reductions in ADCC activity, circulating immune complex (CIC) was also assayed by C1q-binding method. CIC levels in patients with CD were similar to those in the control group, thereby suggesting that this impaired ADCC activity was not due to blocking of the FC receptor on K cells by CIC. However, serum zinc concentrations did correlate to the ADCC activity. Hence, an assumption can be made that a decreased ADCC activity may be caused by malnutrition, mainly zinc deficiency, a phenomena linked to CD. The significance of serum zinc in considerations of immunological abnormalities was given attention. PMID- 3485718 TI - Kinetic analysis of Ia expression on T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - An increased proportion of Ia positive circulating T cells was observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (17.2 +/- 5.8%, n = 20, p less than 0.005), compared with normal subjects (3.2 +/- 0.9%, n = 10) by the analysis with flow cytometry using OKIa1. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the proportion of Ia positive T cells (Ia +T cells) between inactive patients (19.6 +/- 5.8%, n = 12) and active patients (13.6 +/- 3.7%, n = 8). The kinetic analysis in normal subjects revealed that Ia expression on T cells stimulated with Concanavalin A (ConA) was significantly increased on day 4 (10.2 +/- 6.2%, n = 8). However, when stimulated with native DNA from calf thymus (nDNA), Ia expression was not increased (1.4 +/- 1.6%, n = 8). In SLE patients, initial Ia expression faded out within 4 days without stimulus (3.9 +/- 4.0%, n = 10). In spite of the decline of Ia expression with stimulation of both Con A and nDNA, the initial proportion of Ia positive T cells was relatively well maintained with the stimulation of nDNA (16.2 +/- 4.7%). Further analysis of T cell subpopulations in SLE patients revealed that both OKT8- (T4) and OKT4- (T8) cells expressed Ia antigens. Interestingly, in 4 out of 5 patients with active disease, the incidence of Ia expression in OKT4- cells was increased with nDNA stimulation. Thus, in patients with SLE, circulating Ia positive T cells might be activated in vivo, and be implicated in the development of autoimmunity to DNA. PMID- 3485722 TI - Height and puberty in contemporary healthy Eastern Nigerian growing children: a clinical anthropological study. PMID- 3485721 TI - Repeat aortocoronary bypass: indications and results. PMID- 3485723 TI - A procedure of vestibular decompensation for clinical diagnosis. I. Animal experiments. AB - Vestibular lesions are often so effectively compensated that their diagnosis may be difficult. Certain chemicals can decompensate the central vestibular system and thus uncover symptoms present before compensation. This study attempts to devise a procedure which can utilize such decompensation for the benefit of clinical diagnosis. Unilateral labyrinthectomies were performed in rats. Pathological movements and body positions due to the vestibular loss were compensated within about one week. Systemic application of cholinomimetic drugs (physostigmine and nicotine) led to consistent decompensation which lasted, however, too long and was accompanied by too severe side effects to be considered for clinical diagnostic purposes. Local application of these drugs into the middle ear of the healthy side were without effect. Brief inhalation of nitrous oxide (up to 79 vol.%) caused decompensation during the first four postoperative weeks but not consistently at longer survival times. Inhalation of halothane in N2O and O2 for 90 seconds caused a reliable decompensation at all times during the six month postoperative observation period. It is concluded that a brief halothane-N2O anesthesia may prove to be useful in a diagnostic search for compensated vestibular deficits. PMID- 3485724 TI - Symptomatic coronary-subclavian steal corrected by carotid-subclavian bypass. AB - Angina recurred after a left internal mammary-to-left anterior descending coronary artery bypass graft. Subsequent development of a subtotal stenosis in the proximal left subclavian artery caused reversal of flow in the patent internal mammary artery graft, which produced an angiographic steal of myocardial perfusion. Angina and ischemia were relieved by reoperation, which consisted of left common carotid-to-left subclavian artery bypass in conjunction with right internal mammary-to-right coronary artery bypass and aorto-to-lateral circumflex coronary artery bypass with reversed saphenous vein. PMID- 3485725 TI - Major stroke after coronary artery bypass surgery: changing magnitude of the problem. AB - Between January 1974 and December 1984, 3816 patients underwent isolated CABG at this hospital. During this 11-year interval, the number of patients having operation annually as well as the mean age at operation of the patients have increased significantly. The increase in the mean age from 51.9 years in 1974 to 59.4 years in 1984 occurred while the operative mortality rate fell significantly from 3.9% in 1974 to 2.0% in 1984. Although the overall incidence of major stroke was 1.8%, the stroke rate increased during this interval to 2.4% from 1982 to 1984. This higher stroke rate correlates significantly with the increasing age of the CABG patients, with the stroke risk five times greater for patients in their 70s compared with patients between 51 and 60 years old. Specific risk factors for the development of stroke during CABG in addition to age were examined and discussed. PMID- 3485726 TI - Autoantibodies tied to some heart ailments. PMID- 3485727 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Update: prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3485728 TI - DTP vaccine. PMID- 3485729 TI - Acro-osteolysis. Etiologic and radiological considerations. PMID- 3485730 TI - Association between HLA antigens and different types of hypersomnia. PMID- 3485731 TI - Improvements in host immunity by partially purified interleukin 1 in rats with portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy. AB - Despite the high incidence and severity of bacterial infections in individuals with chronic liver disease, the relative role of host immunity and the effects of immune stimulants have not been fully investigated. To study the role of the liver and spleen in reticuloendothelial system (RES) function and the host response to infection following portacaval anastomosis, 107 Sprague Dawley CD rats received a portacaval anastomosis either with or without an additional splenectomy, or a sham procedure. Animals that had undergone portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy were also administered a nonspecific host immune stimulant, interleukin 1, or saline and the effect on blood bacterial clearance and organ uptake examined. Three to four weeks following surgery, animals that received a portacaval anastomosis had a decreased ability to clear 59Fe-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the blood and an increased uptake of bacteria in the spleen (p less than 0.01) when compared to sham-treated animals. Rats that received a portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy showed further decreases in blood clearance and increased sequestration of bacteria in the liver (p less than 0.01). Rats with a portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy that received interleukin 1 treatment prior to Pseudomonas bacteremia showed significantly improved blood bacteria clearance (p less than 0.05) and a reduced bacterial sequestration in the liver (p less than 0.001) when compared to similar animals receiving saline. These findings suggest that portacaval anastomosis and splenectomy result in impaired immune function as reflected by blood bacteria clearance and changes in organ sequestration of bacteria. Secondly, pretreatment of those immunocompromised animals with interleukin 1 improves immune function. PMID- 3485732 TI - Enhancement of the twitch of bull frog sartorius muscle by fluorides. AB - Effects of 5 kinds of fluorides on the twitch of the sartorius muscle of the bull frog were investigated. All of the fluorides (0.1-2.0 mM) enhanced the twitch evoked by nerve stimulation. The extents of enhancement at 2.0 mM were in the order: stannous fluoride much greater than potassium fluoride greater than sodium silico fluoride greater than sodium fluoride greater than diammine silver fluoride. The extent of each enhancement was larger than that in the case of direct stimulation of the muscle. These findings show that fluorides commonly enhance the twitch of skeletal muscle and that the extent of enhancement is related to the properties of cations included in the fluoride. PMID- 3485733 TI - Marked reduction in percentage of rosette-forming thymocytes of rats during induction of bladder tumors and restorative effect of thymosin in vitro. AB - Urinary bladder carcinoma was induced in W rats by oral administration of N-butyl N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6], and rosette formation of the thymus lymphocytes with Hartley strain guinea pig erythrocytes was studied until the 20th week after BBN administration. Percentage of rosette-forming cells (RFC's) began to decrease about the 8th week (stage of hypertrophy or vascular formation in the bladder wall) and remarkably declined around the 12th week (before the incidence of carcinoma) after the administration. However, no significant reduction of RFC percentage was noted in the control (without BBN) group during the observation period. Pretreatment of thymic lymphocytes from BBN treated rats with thymosin fraction 5 (TF5), an extract from calf thymus, significantly enhanced the percentage of RFC near to that of the control level. Two (#9 and 13) subfractions separated from TF5 by high-performance liquid chromatography were found to be more effective in recovering the percentage of RFC. These results show that a maturational impairment of thymus lymphocytes may be caused from precancerous stage in BBN-administered rats and that this impairment would be restored by the thymus products in vitro. PMID- 3485734 TI - [Treatment of complicated forms of paronychia]. PMID- 3485735 TI - [alpha-Amylase standard values in children]. AB - In a group of 216 healthy children (age: 3 days-16 years) normal values of alpha amylase in serum were found out (substrate: p-nitrophenyl-alpha, D maltoheptaosid). Infants (age: 3-353 days) mostly showed lower catalytic concentrations than older children: alpha-amylase (25 degrees C) up to 30 U/L; alpha-amylase 37 degrees C): up to 60 U/L. But, the collective was too small (n = 30) to give any statistical statement, on the other hand biological and analytical deviations of catalytic concentrations were big. In children (n = 186; age: 1-16 years) the values were not dependent on sex or age. As normal range we propose for children aged 1-16 years alpha-amylase (25 degrees C): 20-110 U/L; alpha-amylase (37 degrees C): 40-200 U/L. PMID- 3485736 TI - Etiology of hospitalized pesticide poisonings in South Carolina, 1979-1982. PMID- 3485737 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in women attending a family planning clinic: the need for a screening service. PMID- 3485738 TI - Alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related damage. I. The distribution of consumption model. AB - One of the major approaches to alcoholism prevention is referred to as the distribution of consumption model. This prevention model can be summarized as a causal model whereby the availability of alcoholic beverages has a direct causal effect on the aggregate level of alcohol consumption in the population and, in turn, an indirect effect on the incidence and prevalence of alcohol-related damage. This article summarizes an application of a statistical technique known as the analysis of linear structural relations (LISREL) to a set of Ontario data concerning alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related damage. Results substantiated the existence of specific causal paths consistent with the model. Several procedures for assessing the overall goodness-of-fit of the model suggested that it adequately fit the data. The results provide reasonable statistical evidence that government policies restricting the retail availability of alcoholic beverages will reduce the per capita rates of alcohol consumption and, in turn, reduce the level of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity in the general population. PMID- 3485739 TI - Formal vs informal group affiliations: implications for alcohol and drug use among adolescents. AB - Although peer influence typically has been associated with the promotion of alcohol and drug use among adolescents, a minority of writers has argued that appropriate kinds of peer interactions may work favorably to reduce usage. This empirical study considered two kinds of peer affiliations--formal and informal group participation--and their relationships with use of alcohol and drugs. Findings suggest that ad hoc, informal group participation is related to increased substance use, whereas formal group membership is related to reduced substance use. This article reviews these findings in the context of two theoretical explanations. PMID- 3485740 TI - Patterns and predictors of alcohol use among 7-12th grade students in New York State. AB - A survey was conducted to determine prevalence and patterns in the use of alcohol and other substances among 7-12th grade students in New York State. Of this representative sample of 27,335 secondary school students, 71% are drinkers and 13% are heavy drinkers, i.e., they drink at least once a week and typically consume 5 or more drinks per occasion. White and American Indian students have higher rates of drinking and of heavy drinking than do Hispanic, Black, West Indian and Oriental students. The rates of drinking in New York State are higher than those reported in recent national surveys of adolescents. The heavy drinking student can be characterized by frequent school misconduct, first becoming drunk at an early age, having a greater number of friends who get drunk weekly, parental approval of drinking, poor grades in school, being an older adolescent, and being male and White. PMID- 3485741 TI - Resection of left ventricular aneurysm during hypothermic fibrillatory arrest without aortic occlusion. AB - From December, 1977, through September, 1984, 100 consecutive patients had ventricular aneurysmectomy during hypothermic fibrillatory arrest without aortic occlusion. In the series were 83 men and 17 women, mean age 57.2 years. Primary indications for operation were angina pectoris in 42 patients, congestive heart failure in 23, angina plus congestive failure in 22, and refractory ventricular irritability in 13. Emergency operation was required for 13 patients with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Mean New York Heart Association Class was 3.1. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 19.5 mm Hg, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.37. Concomitant coronary artery grafting was performed in 97 patients (mean 3.2 grafts/patient). Pressor agents were used in 21 patients and an intra-aortic balloon pump in two patients. Perioperative myocardial infarction was documented in one patient (1%). There were two hospital deaths (2%), both in patients with refractory ventricular irritability. At late follow up (mean 38.5 months), 13 additional patients (13.3%) had died. Actuarial survival rate at 73 months was 77.0%. Survival rate was better for 93 patients with anterior aneurysms if the left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries were grafted with aneurysmectomy (p less than 0.03). Although only ventricular arrhythmias predicted early death (p less than 0.03), ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and ventricular arrhythmias (p = 0.03) predicted late death. Ventricular aneurysmectomy during hypothermic fibrillatory arrest without aortic occlusion can be performed with low hospital mortality and good long-term results. When possible, left anterior descending and/or diagonal coronary arteries should be grafted when anterior aneurysms are resected. PMID- 3485742 TI - Hydrocortisone promotes clonal granulopoiesis in cultures of normal human bone marrow--a "nutritional" advantage or true stimulation of growth? AB - The generation of normal human hemopoietic clones is promoted, in tissue culture, by physiological as well as pharmacological concentrations of hydrocortisone. In part this may reflect a facilitative, nutritional effect of the hormone which may be more evident in particular culture media. However, the findings, in liquid suspension cultures, of an increase in the absolute number of cells and a rise in the mitotic index in the presence of hydrocortisone, point to a real stimulation of cellular proliferation. Measurements of the number of clones early in culture, and the size of clones after longer intervals, indicate respectively that the hormone influences both recruitment of clonogenic cells into cytokinesis and amplification of established clones. The target cell in both processes may be the same, namely a morphologically recognizable entity, in the granulocyte lineage, having limited proliferative potential. Evidence in support of this interpretation includes the high cloning efficiency, small mean clonal size and brief clonal lifespan. These features suggest that members of the myeloblast promyelocyte-myelocyte hierarchy are likely candidates, but whether the action of hydrocortisone is exerted directly on these cells, or on a more mature accessory population, remains to be determined. PMID- 3485743 TI - Biochemical characterization of an in-vitro murine megakaryocyte growth activity: megakaryocyte potentiator. AB - The biochemical properties of an in-vitro megakaryocyte growth factor called megakaryocyte potentiator (Mk-POT) were investigated. P388D1 cell conditioned medium (P388D1 CM), was used as the source of Mk-POT. The potentiator activity had an apparent mol. wt of 21 kilodaltons (kd) by gel filtration and was eluted from DEAE-Sepharose pH 8.0 with 0.15 M NaCl. Chromatofocusing revealed three active species with apparent pIs of 4.0, 5.5 and above 6.0. Most Mk-POT activity does not bind to Concanavalin A-Sepharose. Mk-POT activity is sensitive to reduction by dithiothreitol and temperatures above 90 degrees C. Treatment with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pronase also reduced the Mk-POT activity, but it was not destroyed by RNase A or neuraminidase. It is precipitated in ammonium sulphate solutions of between 60 to 70% saturation, and by 80% ethanol. The Mk POT activity is stable in solutions of pH 5.0-9.0. The data presented here suggest that megakaryocyte potentiator is either heterogeneous in its properties or more than one molecular species may express the in-vitro Mk-POT activity found in P388D1 CM. PMID- 3485744 TI - Effects of some different pulse parameters on bladder inhibition and urethral closure during intravaginal electrical stimulation: an experimental study in the cat. PMID- 3485745 TI - [Osteocalcin values in reflex sympathetic dystrophy]. PMID- 3485746 TI - [Penetration of anti-LVA/HTLV-III in type A and B hemophiliacs. Clinical and immunologic follow-up]. PMID- 3485747 TI - [Anti-HTLV-III antibodies and immunodeficiency in a woman, the sexual partner of a hemophiliac]. PMID- 3485748 TI - Trauma and other noninfectious problems in homosexual men. AB - Homosexual men are at risk for problems unique to their sexual orientation, and the management of even standard problems must often be altered. The recognition and management of problems related to the anorectum, breasts, and external genitalia in homosexual men are discussed. PMID- 3485749 TI - Management of opportunistic infections complicating the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Therapy of opportunistic infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is frustrating, and there is no convincing evidence that aggressive treatment and/or prophylaxis other than for Pneumocystis infection can significantly prolong life. While much clinical effort is expended on treating sequential life-threatening infections, the overall course is usually progressively downhill. Thus, any real impact on the disease should be aimed at the causative viral agent, because it is destruction of a critical component of the immune system that predisposes to opportunistic infections. PMID- 3485750 TI - [ENT computerized medical history documentation. Report of experiences over 15 years]. AB - The results of 15 years of automated data processing are evaluated, and methods used in the beginning are compared with present-day procedures. The standardisation of E.N.T. case histories, and direct access to data files (34 500 case histories) created a well functioning base for scientific research. Nevertheless, many problems had to be solved first; such as loss of data through careless manipulation, inadequate coding (analog data), insufficiency of date definition, as well as a reluctance to fill in questionnaires properly. The advent of increasingly user-friendly hardware and software has done much to narrow the gap between physician and computer. This is clearly demonstrated by the increased use of the E.N.T. data bank for research in the last few years. PMID- 3485752 TI - Perilymphatic fistulas: are they exclusive to the round and oval windows? AB - Eleven patients suspected of having perilymphatic fistulas were evaluated. A perilymphatic fistula was demonstrable in ten of these patients. In six patients, fistulas of one of the windows, or both were found. In two patients, combined fistulas of both the round window and lateral semicircular canal were found. In two other patients, fistulas were found only in the lateral semicircular canal. The patients in whom fistulas were found and repaired improved dramatically. The patient without a demonstrable fistula remained symptomatic. We have shown that perilymphatic fistulas can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and suggest exploring this area when indicated. PMID- 3485751 TI - The tailored CT evaluation of persistent facial nerve paralysis. AB - The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic records of 39 patients with peripheral facial nerve dysfunction seen from October 1981 through July 1984 are reviewed. The extent of preradiologic clinical localization of suspected lesions and their subsequent pathologic confirmation is correlated to the number, sequence, and type of radiographic evaluations performed. PMID- 3485754 TI - The effect of electroconvulsive shock on brain tubulin during development and aging. AB - Effect of electroconvulsive shock on rat brain tubulin content was studied during maturation and aging. The results show that electroconvulsive shock had no effect on soluble tubulin in different brain structures of young animals (22 days) while the same treatment produced a marked decline in adult (95 days) and aged (490-511 days) animals. The same treatment produced inhibition of 3H-leucine incorporation into tubulin and decrease of 3H-colchicine binding in the proteins of synaptosomes isolated from the centricephalic structures of all the ages examined. Tubulin biosynthesis by free polysomes was not diminished to the extent which could explain the decrease of tubulin level found in the soluble or synaptosomal fraction. Thus, our results suggest that changes in soluble tubulin content in response to electroconvulsive shock could be a reflection of changes in equilibrium: tubulin dimers--microtubules--membrane-bound tubulin. PMID- 3485755 TI - Putrescine has hypothermic and antipyretic activity, in rats. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of putrescine induced dose-related hypothermia in rats. The effect was more pronounced at room temperature (22 degrees C) than in a warm environment (30 degrees C), the maximum hypothermia (-2.64 +/- 0.29 degrees C, 30 min. after treatment) being obtained with the dose of 300 mg/Kg and remaining significant throughout 3 hr of observation. Putrescine also had antipyretic activity, as it significantly reduced pyrogen-induced fever at a dose level (100 mg/Kg i.p.) ineffective in causing hypothermia in normal rats. The hypothermic and antipyretic effects of putrescine were not associated with any obvious sign of toxicity. PMID- 3485753 TI - Changes in caloric nystagmus induced by vasodilating drugs. AB - Systemic blood flow, blood flow to the peripheral skin, middle ear, and temporal bone, and that to the inner ear of normal volunteers was manipulated selectively through the use of vasodilator drugs. The effect of selective vasodilation was monitored via changes in the temporal course of the slow-phase velocity of nystagmus evoked by bithermal caloric irrigation. Drug influenced eye velocities were compared with control values measured before drug administration. Eye velocities measured after niacin (a peripheral vasodilator) administration generally were greater than control values, whereas eye velocities measured after papaverine (a central vasodilator) and histamine (a systemic vasodilator) administration typically were less than control values. These findings, with the exception of the cool caloric/niacin condition, are consistent with a model of vestibular dynamics and measurements of cochlear blood flow in animal models. PMID- 3485756 TI - Isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis: a simple diagnostic medium for use in developing countries. PMID- 3485757 TI - Modification of cellular immune functions in humans by endurance exercise training during beta-adrenergic blockade with atenolol or propranolol. AB - Young, healthy, previously inactive men were trained aerobically 40 to 50 min X d 1, 5 d X wk-1 for 15 wk. They were randomly assigned to one of three medication groups: placebo, propranolol (160 mg X d-1), or atenolol (100 mg X d-1). All subjects lost weight and decreased relative body fat as a result of training. Following training, submaximal steady-state heart rates were reduced in all groups. Maximal oxygen uptake and maximal treadmill times were also increased in all groups. The VO2max of the placebo increased 18.4%. While that of the atenolol group increased 19.4%, the propranolol group went up 17.0%. After training the maximal heart rate did not change in the placebo group, while treatment with propranolol and atenolol reduced at 24.6 and 21.9%, respectively. Training caused a significant decrease in the natural killer cell activity in all three groups. The placebo group had 38.8% +/- 3.8 (SD) before and 29.3 +/- 3.2% lysis of target cells by natural killer cells after physical conditioning, which was significantly lower (P less than 0.01). The groups treated with propranolol and atenolol were also similarly decreased. The use of propranolol or atenolol had no additional significant effect on natural killer cell activity. T-cell mitogenesis stimulated with a mitogen significantly increased with conditioning. The groups given atenolol or propranolol tended to increase somewhat more than the placebo group, although this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant change in the percentage of total lymphocytes isolated due to training or beta-blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485758 TI - The role of HLA antigens in the manifestation and course of Graves' disease. AB - Graves' disease is associated with HLA-DR3 in Caucasoids. We have now demonstrated, on the basis of disease-associated MHC haplotypes (A1, Cw3, B8, DR3 and fragments thereof) from 38 families in which more than one member had Graves' disease compared with MHC haplotypes from 56 healthy families, that the risk was highest with the DR locus (relative risk for A1, B8, DR3 = 2.3, for B8, DR3 = 5.3, and for DR3 = 6.8). We further used the sib-pair method to explore linkage of Graves' disease liability to the MHC in 67 affected sib-pairs. The data were consistent with an MHC-linked recessive gene with a frequency of 0.2 to 0.3 and a penetrance of 7.2%; the data, however, accommodated penetrance of up to 16.3%. A recessive model was also consistent with the HLA-B8 genotype distribution in 286 unrelated patients. As the effect of the marker alleles on the course of the disease had been debated several times, we applied a cluster analysis method using 49 clinical and laboratory characteristics, including the HLA-A and HLA-B antigens of 196 patients. Three groups were identified, corresponding to patients with mild disease, Hashitoxicosis and severe (relapsing) disease. The prevalence of HLA-B8 was 8.9%, 21% and 87%, respectively (compared to 18.8% in 380 controls). This suggests the existence of an underlying continuum of genetic liability, apparently related to that for Graves' disease severity, associated with the MHC and mediated through immunoregulatory disturbances. PMID- 3485759 TI - HLA and autoimmune endocrine disease 1985. AB - We typed patient groups with type I diabetes (n = 78), Graves' disease (n = 81), goitrous autoimmune (n = 52), "silent" (n = 18) and postpartum thyroiditis (n = 15) for human leucocyte antigens (HLA) A, B, C, DR and DQ. The results were compared to those obtained from 256 healthy controls typed for HLA-A, -B, -C and 140 typed for -DR. All these 140 controls were genotyped. Previously described associations of DR3 (OR (odds ratio) = 2.68, p less than 0.005) and DR4 (OR = 3.26, p less than 0.0001) in type I diabetes is confirmed. In this series, however, HLA-DR3/DR4 heterozygotes were apparently at no greater risk for type I diabetes than DR3 or DR4 homozygotes. The relative risk conferred by DR3/DR4 heterozygotes (6.48) was less than that for DR3 homozygosity (2.8), suggesting a recessive major histocompatibility complex-related susceptibility to type I diabetes. Graves' disease was associated with DR3 (OR = 3.02, p less than 0.0005); the increased frequency of DR3 homozygotes in this series is consistent with recessive HLA-linked susceptibility to Graves' disease proposed on the basis of family data. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, on the other hand, was associated with HLA-DR4 (OR = 3.08, p less than 0.0001), the latter finding confirming our earlier report on 21 patients. The increase of HLA-DR4 in both post-partum and silent thyroiditis suggests that these conditions are immunogenetically related, and may well represent variants of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 3485760 TI - Evaluation of the Sydney "Quit. For Life" anti-smoking campaign. Part 2. Changes in smoking prevalence. AB - Between June and November 1983, the "Quit. For Life" media campaign was conducted in Sydney to reduce the prevalence of smoking. Surveys on a cross-sectional sample of the Sydney population were conducted before and after the campaign, and similar measures were undertaken in the rest of Australia for comparison. The sample sizes for both the Sydney and control areas comprised more than 4000 subjects. In addition, a cohort of 949 residents of Sydney and Melbourne were followed for changes in the prevalence of smoking during the year of the campaign. The cross-sectional survey results for 1984 and 1983 demonstrated decreases in the prevalence of smoking of approximately 1% for both men and women in Sydney compared with the rest of Australia. In the cohort study there was a 3.4% decrease in smoking prevalence in Sydney compared with a 0.8% increase in Melbourne. The pooled estimate of the difference in smoking prevalence attributable to the campaign was 2.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.5%-5.1%). PMID- 3485761 TI - [The tonsils, an important organ of the immune system?]. PMID- 3485762 TI - [Function of the T- and B-immunity systems in patients with ancylostomiasis and trichocephaliasis]. PMID- 3485763 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of hemorrhagic gastritis after esophageal transection extended devascularization in variceal patients]. AB - Postoperative hemorrhagic gastritis is often observed in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. We studied gastric and systemic hemodynamics including oxygen demand and supply before and after surgery to demonstrate the etiology of this entity. Ten cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices were examined in this study. In hemodynamic studies, gastric blood flow and tissue oxygen tension (PtO2) of cardia portion were measured by hydrogen gas clearance method and PtO2 sensor. And systemic hemodynamics were measured by Swan-Ganz catheter including O2 availability, O2 extraction rate, O2 consumption, A-VCDO2, and shunt rate. Moreover blood temperature, pH, Hb, P50, and 2,3-DPG, and oxygenic dissociation curve, were also monitored. Gastric blood flow showed moderate reduction immediately after surgery and returned to the previous value by the 7th postoperative day. But the value of PtO2 dropped gradually for 7 days after surgery. Marked systemic hyperdynamic circuration was observed before surgery and it was accelerated after surgery. In oxygen demand and supply, moderate to marked reduction was seen postoperatively. Oxygen dissociation curve was shifted to the left after surgery due to significant decrease in P50 and 2,3-DPG. These results suggest extended devascularization causes severe damage of system oxygenic demand and supply, and progressive gastric tissue hypoxia without reduction of blood flows may result in hemorrhagic gastritis. PMID- 3485764 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function and coronary sinus blood flow during exercise after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Influence of revascularization of the left anterior descending artery]. AB - Left ventricular function and coronary sinus blood flow at rest and during exercise were evaluated in 27 patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery and in 13 normal subjects (G-C). Twenty patients (G-1) had successfully revascularized left anterior descending artery (LAD). In 7 patients (G-2), the revascularization for LAD was not complete. There was no difference among 3 groups in stroke work index (SWI), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and coronary sinus blood flow (CSF) at rest. SWI during exercise in G-2 (44.7 +/- 14.7 g. M/beat/m2) was significantly lower than that in G-1 and G-C (67.9 +/- 15.0, 77.2 +/- 17.0 g.M/beat/m2) (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.002). LVEDP during exercise in G-2 (32 +/- 6 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in G-1, G-C (17 +/- 7, 13 +/- 3 mmHg) (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.001). CSF during exercise in G-2 (160 +/- 64 ml/min) was significantly lower than that in G-1, G-C (357 +/- 79, 290 +/- 113 ml/min) (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.002). These data indicated that left ventricular function during exercise and coronary sinus blood flow reserve for exercise in patient with completely revascularized LAD was significantly better than that in patients with incompletely revascularized LAD. PMID- 3485765 TI - Increased sister-chromatid exchange rate and its regression during prolonged incubation in lymphocyte cultures from patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Peripheral venous blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients, cultured for 72 h in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, appeared to have a higher sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate than cells from matched controls. Prolongation of the incubation time to 9 days by adding interleukin-2 to the cultures, caused the cells from the MS patients to lose their increased SCE frequency, so that the mean rate no longer differed from that of the controls. The SCE rate of the controls did not change significantly on prolonged incubation. PMID- 3485766 TI - [Mycoses of the central nervous system in Freiburg in the Breisgau area 1981]. PMID- 3485767 TI - Epidemiology of the mycotic flora in Kuwait. PMID- 3485768 TI - Further evidence that "malignant angioendotheliomatosis" is an angiotropic large cell lymphoma. AB - Malignant angioendotheliomatosis is a rare, generally fatal disease characterized by a multifocal proliferation of neoplastic mononuclear cells within the lumens of small blood vessels. Although the disease primarily involves the vasculature of the skin and central nervous system, vascular involvement of other organs may occur and may produce a variety of clinical findings. Some early investigators concluded that malignant angioendotheliomatosis was a neoplasm of endothelial cells, but recently others have suggested that it is of hematopoietic origin. We have studied three patients with the disease and have characterized the immunophenotype of the neoplasm on cryostat-cut fresh-frozen tissues. A detailed antigenic phenotyping of neoplastic lymphoid cells showed that one patient had the immunophenotype T11+, Leu-1+, Leu-3+, Leu-2+, B1-, B2-, SIg-, LN1-, LN2-, the predominant phenotype for peripheral T-cell lymphoma; the others had T11-, Leu-1 , Leu-3-, Leu-2-, B1+, B2+, SIg+, LN1+, LN2+, consistent with a B-cell-derived lymphoma. On the basis of our results, we suggest that angiotropic (intravascular) large-cell lymphoma would be more appropriate than malignant angioendotheliomatosis as a name for this disease. PMID- 3485769 TI - Occupational risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among health care workers. AB - In August 1983, we initiated nationwide prospective surveillance of health care workers with documented parenteral or mucous-membrane exposures to blood or other body fluids of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related illnesses. The purpose of the surveillance project is to quantitate prospectively the risk to health care workers of acquiring the AIDS virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV III/LAV), as a result of occupational exposures. By December 31, 1985, 938 health care workers were being followed in the surveillance project. The mean length of follow-up was 15 months (range, 0 to 56) and 531 health care workers (57 percent) had been followed for more than one year. Needlestick injuries and cuts with sharp instruments accounted for 76 percent of the exposures. Over 85 percent of all exposures were to blood or serum. None of the health care workers have acquired signs or symptoms of AIDS. Analyses of T-lymphocyte subsets were performed for 341 (36 percent) of the exposed health care workers, and tests for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV were performed for 451 (48 percent). Seven health care workers who had low helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratios on initial testing were retested; only three had persistently low ratios. Only two health care workers tested were seropositive for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV. The results of this surveillance project, thus far, suggest that the risk to health care workers of occupational transmission of HTLV-III/LAV is low (the upper bound of the 95 percent confidence interval for the seroprevalence rate among workers with greater than or equal to 3 months of follow-up with HTLV-III/LAV antibody testing is 1.65 percent) and appears to be related to parenteral exposure to blood. PMID- 3485771 TI - Tertiary structural similarity between a class A beta-lactamase and a penicillin sensitive D-alanyl carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase. AB - beta-Lactam antibiotics--the penicillins, cephalosporins and related compounds- act by inhibiting enzymes that catalyse the final stages of the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Recent crystallographic studies of representative enzymes are beginning to reveal the structural bases of antibiotic specificity and mechanism of action, while intensive efforts are being made to understand the beta-lactamase enzymes that are largely responsible for bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. It has been suggested that the beta-lactamases and beta-lactam target enzymes may be evolutionarily related and some similarity of amino-acid sequence around a common active-site serine residue supports this idea. We present here the first evidence from a comparison of three-dimensional structures in support of this hypothesis: the structure of beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus is similar to that of the penicillin-sensitive D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R61. PMID- 3485773 TI - [Osteosarcoma of the leg; treatment results following preoperative chemotherapy]. PMID- 3485770 TI - Mycotic keratitis caused by Curvularia lunata var. aeria. AB - A mycotic keratitis case which was caused by Curvularia lunata var. aeria in a patient with an injury in the eye is described. The diagnosis was based on the mycologic analysis of several samples taken from the ulcer of cornea. In vitro tests of the sensitivity of the isolated species to several antifungal drugs were made. The results were related to the response in vivo to the treatment. PMID- 3485772 TI - Abrogation of oral tolerance by contrasuppressor T cells suggests the presence of regulatory T-cell networks in the mucosal immune system. AB - Continuous ingestion of a thymus-dependent (TD) antigen differentially affects two compartments of the immune system. A secretory IgA antibody response is induced in mucosal tissues, concurrent with a state of antigen-specific systemic unresponsiveness to parenteral challenge, termed oral tolerance. The precise mechanisms whereby gut antigenic exposure induces oral tolerance are unknown, although T-suppressor cells, anti-idiotypic networks and immune complex formation have all been proposed. Here we show that the systemic unresponsiveness of mice made orally tolerant to the TD antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC) is reversed by the adoptive transfer of Lyt-1+,2-, Vicia villosa lectin-adherent and I-J+ T cells derived from mice which are genetically resistant to the induction of oral tolerance to SRBC. This T-cell subpopulation has the characteristics of contrasuppressor effector T cells (Tcs). Small numbers of these Tcs cells reverse SRBC-specific tolerance both in vivo and in vitro. This finding offers new insight into the mechanisms of oral tolerance induction and maintenance, and suggests that a network of T cells are involved in the regulation of host responses to ingested antigens. PMID- 3485775 TI - [Brain-imaging diagnosis in psychiatry]. PMID- 3485774 TI - Study of relationship between allogeneic transplantability of tumors and their effects on drug-metabolizing system in rats. AB - Effects of three different fibrosarcomas on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system were studied in males of the Lewis inbred strain of rats. No association between graded potentiality of these tumors to grow across histocompatibility barriers and their suppressive effects upon the microsomal drug-metabolizing system was found. PMID- 3485776 TI - [Neuroradiology in schizophrenia research]. PMID- 3485778 TI - Simultaneous labelling of two different central nervous system pathways with horseradish peroxidase and cobalt in Gnathonemus petersii and Rana esculenta. AB - A new and simple simultaneous labelling procedure is described that gives the possibility of studying interneuronal connections and territorial overlap of different pathways. This method uses horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelling in combination with the cobalt-filling technique. The blue colour of the HRP reaction end-product formed from 0-tolidine (Neuroscience, 4 (1979) 1805-1852) and the dark brown of cobalt-filled neurons and their processes allow easy distinction of the two different labels. Since both markers can be transported anterogradely and retrogradely by axons, this combination of the two techniques seems to be a very useful tool for neuroanatomical research. We have tested this method in a weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii, and in frog, Rana esculenta. PMID- 3485777 TI - Intracranial repair of the oculomotor nerve in cats. AB - A total of 21 cats survived experimental microsurgical craniotomies with demonstration of the third cranial nerve via a previously described subtemporal route. In one cat the nerve was resected and no adequate regeneration was observed after three months. In five cases the nerve stumps of the transected third nerve were glued together with Aron Alpha. The results were unfavourable due to atrophy and scar adhesions. Ten cats were treated with lateral slit silicone cuffs around the transected third nerve to keep the stumps together. Good results were obtained after three months. Fibrin glue was used for approximation of the stumps of the third nerve in five additional cases. This was followed by superior results with good regeneration and reinnervation. In 19 cases clinical investigation, photographic records, EMG and caloric nystagmus tests, as well as histological and necropsy studies, proved regeneration after primary repair of the cut third cranial nerve. PMID- 3485779 TI - Problems in labor. PMID- 3485780 TI - REACH: monitoring home-based nursing support. PMID- 3485781 TI - Alloimmunization by hr'(c), hemolytic disease of newborns, and perinatal management. AB - A study was made of hr'(c) hemolytic disease to determine its natural history and to develop criteria for its management. Anti-c is 0.52 as frequent as anti-D(Rho) in gravid women. Seventy-four percent of infants born of c-alloimmunized women mated to c-positive men show serologic evidence of hemolytic disease of newborns. Up to 40% of affected infants require transfusion. There is evidence that ABO incompatibility between mother and fetus protects against alloimmunization. Although alloimmunization is frequently related to fetomaternal bleeding, severe hemolytic disease appears to be associated with previous maternal transfusion. Maternal antiglobulin titers of less than 1:16 are usually associated with mild disease or none at all. Women with higher titers, whose mates are hr'(c)-antigen positive, are candidates for amniotic fluid pigment analysis. PMID- 3485782 TI - [Movements of cellular material of the dorsal wall in clawed-toad embryos during gastrulation and neurulation]. AB - The pieces of dorsal ectoderm of the Rana temporaria embryos at the early and midgastrula stages were transplated onto the dorsal surface of the X. laevis embryos of the same age and the movements and changes in the form and area of the transplants were followed from early gastrula to neurula. During the first period (early--midgastrula) all movements of the transplants were directed towards the blastopore and related ma- In the beginning of the second period the transplants moved toward the blastopore only in the most caudal region, whereas in all other regions the material was markedly displaced craniad. Until the early neurula stage these movements were related to the longitudinal expansion of the material in the dorsal area and later, during neurulation, to its transverse compression. The head region material was first markedly expanded in the transverse direction and then also contracted. Alternation of active contractions and expansion of the suprablastopore material has been revealed and mediocaudal (gastrulation) vs. craniopetal (neurulation) cell movements were distinctly shown. PMID- 3485783 TI - Purulent anterior segment endophthalmitis following paracentesis. AB - A 67-year-old man developed a central retinal artery occlusion and was treated with an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, oral glycerin, carbachol rebreathing, and anterior chamber paracentesis. He subsequently developed an anterior segment endophthalmitis. Vigorous medical and surgical management cured the endophthalmitis, but his visual acuity remained at light perception. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the first reported case of a culture positive, anterior segment endophthalmitis following anterior chamber paracentesis. PMID- 3485784 TI - [Fever and fever-reducing treatment in childhood]. PMID- 3485785 TI - Relationship between electroacupuncture analgesia and descending pain inhibitory mechanism of nucleus raphe magnus. AB - Raphe-spinal (R-S) neurons were identified in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). The conduction velocity of their axons was calculated to be about 15-60 m/sec. The great majority of R-S neurons did not respond clearly to non-noxious stimuli, such as brushing hair or lightly pressing the skin, but they did respond to noxious stimuli (pricking or clamping), with increases or decreases in their firing rates. The receptive fields of the R-S neurons responding to noxious stimuli were very wide covering almost all of the body. The responses of R-S neurons to noxious stimulation were excitatory (increasing firing rates), inhibitory (decreasing) and unresponsive in type, and we unexpectedly found 3 reversibly excitatory-inhibitory type R-S neurons, the firing rate of inhibitory R-S neurons being higher than that of excitatory R-S neurons. The responses of the excitatory-inhibitory reversible neurons to noxious stimulation were also related to the background firing rates. The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the excitatory R-S neurons were mainly to increase their firing rates, and to inhibit their nociceptive responses. After the transection of DLF, the R-S neurons could still be activated by EA, but the post-inhibitory effects of EA on their nociceptive responses were obviously reduced. It is suggested that the EA can activate NRM, a supraspinal area mediating a negative feedback circuit modulating pain, thus inducing analgesia via descending inhibition. PMID- 3485786 TI - Age of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis immunization of special care nursery graduates. AB - Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) immunization data were collected on 103 special care nursery graduates in our neonatal follow-up clinic to determine whether DTP immunization schedules were significantly delayed relative to recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (2, 4, and 6 months for DTP 1, 2, and 3, respectively). An inverse correlation was found between birth weight and immunization for first, second, and third DTP (r = 0.319, P less than .01; r = .205, P less than .05; and r = .236, P less than .05, respectively). We subsequently conducted a mail survey to determine the DTP immunization policy present in effect in 25 neonatal intensive care units in the United States and Canada. The survey indicates that procedural approaches remain markedly heterogeneous, and 10 of 25 (40%) units have no existing policy for implementation of DTP immunization. These data suggest that special care nursery populations are at potential risk for pertussis, which requires a conscious implementation of DTP immunization by the special care nursery, the follow-up clinic personnel, and the primary care physician. PMID- 3485787 TI - [Natural inhibitor of macromolecular antibody activity in children with glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3485788 TI - [Changes in humoral and cellular immunity in children with chronic obstructive pyelonephritis with vesico-ureteral reflux, hydronephrosis and ureterohydronephrosis]. PMID- 3485789 TI - [The diurnal rhythm of pancreatic function in healthy children]. PMID- 3485791 TI - Differential effects of manganese and magnesium on two types of slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units in frogs. AB - While perfusing a frog leg with various solutions, the mechanical responsiveness of slowly adapting (SA) cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units innervating the plantar surface of the hindfoot was examined. Perfusion with normal Ringer solutions enhanced the mechanical responsiveness of two types of the SA units, irregularly discharging Frog type I units and regularly discharging Frog type II units, in comparison with that by normal blood supply. On the other hand, when the perfusion was made with Ringer solutions containing Ca blockers, i.e., Mn and Mg, the response magnitudes of both units were reversibly and dose-dependently decreased. Ringer solutions containing 3 mM Mn or 20 mM Mg almost abolished the maintained responses of the Frog type I units to ramp stimulation of the skin, while Ringer solutions of 10 mM Mn significantly decreased those of the Frog type II units. It is suggested that Ca in the medium is a prerequisite to mechanoelectric transduction and the spike generation process at the terminal regions of these slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units. Findings that the Frog type I units were quantitatively more sensitive to these Ca blockers than the Frog type II units suggest that an additional process of higher Ca-sensitivity, e.g., chemical synaptic transmission, may be involved on the way from mechanoelectric transduction to the spike generation of the Frog type I units. PMID- 3485790 TI - Histamine reduces Cl- activity in surface epithelial cells of frog gastric mucosa. Suggestive evidence for ionic coupling between surface epithelial and oxyntic cells. AB - Intracellular chloride activity (acCl) and serosal as well as mucosal membrane potentials (Vcs and Vcm) were recorded in surface epithelial cells (SEC) of frog gastric mucosa during the resting state (cimetidine, 10(-4) mol/l) or during stimulation with histamine (10(-4) mol/l). Stimulation leads to a fall in acCl from 18.7 SD +/- 5.9 mmol/l (n = 26) to 13.3 SD +/- 4.9 mmol/l (n = 33). Simultaneously both cell membranes hyperpolarize, Vcs from -56.0 SD +/- 4.8 (n = 42) to -62.8 +/- 7.6 (n = 43) and Vcm from -39.6 SD +/- 5.8 (n = 42) to -47.9 +/- 7.6 (n = 43), so that intracellular chloride remains elevated above electrochemical equilibrium at both cell membranes. Reduction or omission of chloride in the lumen perfusate does not affect acCl, suggesting that the luminal cell membrane is virtually tight for chloride ions. Current induced hyperpolarization of the serosal cell membrane potential which simulates the electrical effects of stimulation, does not affect acCl either; however, inhibition of gastric acid secretion by a benzimidazol derivative which is known to block the H+/K+ ATPase prevents the fall in acCl in response to histamine. The same holds if the experimental solutions are gassed with 25% CO2 which does not interfere with acid secretion but may block cell to cell communication via gap junctions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485792 TI - The effect of repetitive neuromuscular activity on the sensitivity of acetylcholine receptors. AB - If skeletal frog muscle is indirectly stimulated at 10 Hz first an increase and later a decrease of the amplitude of miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.cs) is observed (Ruzzier and Scuka 1979). The underlying mechanism can be a presynaptic change of the quantal size or a postsynaptic change. To distinguish between these possibilities, the neurally evoked end-plate current (e.p.c.n), the ionophoretically evoked end-plate current (e.p.c.i) and the extracellularly recorded miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.e) were studied. It was found that the time constant of decay of m.e.p.p.e did not change during the experiment. The amplitude of the e.p.c.i changed in the same way as the amplitude of the m.e.p.c., it first increased and then decreased. Similar changes of the amplitude of e.p.c.i were observed in the experiments with increased frequency of the nerve stimulation and in those with different increases of the quantal content. It is concluded that during prolonged repetitive stimulation the sensitivity of the end-plate receptors to the released transmitter is modified, probably as a consequence of the cooperative binding of acetylcholine to the receptors. PMID- 3485794 TI - Corticosteroids for rheumatic disease. 2. Effects on disease states, effects on bone. PMID- 3485793 TI - Corticosteroids for rheumatic disease. 1. Physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic strategies. AB - Of the corticosteroid preparations available, the intermediate-acting agents are the preparations most commonly used in the rheumatic diseases. Careful tailoring of dosage is important to avoid adrenal atrophy and signs of adrenocortical hypofunction. The best regimen in a given patient depends on the amount of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity required. The therapeutic strategies in use include pulse therapy, daily high-dose therapy, daily low-dose therapy, and alternate-day dosing. The latter two methods are preferable because of the decreased likelihood of adverse reactions, yet are not sufficient in cases of fulminant systemic inflammatory processes. PMID- 3485795 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnostic results of transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage]. PMID- 3485796 TI - [Automated system for processing report information from tuberculosis control institutions]. PMID- 3485797 TI - [Prevention of tuberculosis in newborn and young infants]. PMID- 3485798 TI - Two distinct T-cell receptor alpha-chain transcripts in a rabbit T-cell line: implications for allelic exclusion in T cells. AB - Information relevant to allelic exclusion in T cells has been obtained by a study of cDNA clones corresponding to alpha-chain genes of the T-cell receptor in the rabbit T-cell line RL-5. One clone contains a variable-joining-constant (VJC) sequence encoding a complete alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. A second has an identical constant region and includes a distinct variable-joining (VJ) sequence. However, a single-base deletion in the variable region places the remainder of the second transcript out-of-phase and appears to be the product of a rearrangement involving a variable region of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain pseudogene. Presence of two variable-joining-constant (VJC) transcripts in the same cell line indicates that alpha-chain gene rearrangement is not affected by transcription of a complete alpha-chain mRNA and suggests that steps after mRNA synthesis are involved in the allelic exclusion process for alpha-chain genes. Comparison of rabbit alpha-chain sequences with those of man and mouse revealed interspecies conservation in constant and variable regions. Genomic Southern blot analyses using a rabbit constant region of the T-cell receptor alpha-chain probe revealed the presence of a single constant region gene. Hybridization with variable region probes defined two distinct multigenic subfamilies. Homology between certain rabbit and murine variable regions of the T-cell receptor alpha chain sequences suggests that the existence of subfamilies predated divergence of these species. PMID- 3485800 TI - Human megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 3485801 TI - Anorexia nervosa: a psychiatric case register study from Aberdeen. AB - The results of an examination of the 238 cases of anorexia nervosa on the Aberdeen Psychiatric Case Register for the period 1965-82 are reported. A highly significant increase in the number of cases over time was found. The average annual incidence rate for the period 1978-82 was 4.06 per 100 000 population. The case notes of every second patient on the register were inspected to assess diagnostic reliability, to define patient characteristics further and to look for changes in these over time. The diagnosis was highly suspect in 5% of cases. A social class bias was found, with an over-representation of classes I and II but an under-representation of social class III. Few significant changes were noted in the patients over time. The utilization of services was also examined, and it was found that 24% of the patients remained in contact for 4 years or more. PMID- 3485799 TI - Human recombinant transforming growth factor alpha stimulates bone resorption and inhibits formation in vitro. AB - Human recombinant transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), which binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and causes several biological effects similar to those caused by EGF, was compared with murine EGF for its effects on a number of parameters of bone cell metabolism. TGF alpha stimulated bone resorption in two organ culture systems, the fetal rat long bone and neonatal mouse calvarial systems. TGF alpha stimulated bone resorption at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml. TGF alpha effects on bone resorption in mouse calvariae were inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting that, like EGF, its effects were mediated by prostaglandin synthesis. TGF alpha had a different time course of action on bone resorption from that of EGF, causing more rapid release of previously incorporated 45Ca from bone cultures, suggesting that TGF alpha does not function on bone as a simple EGF analogue. TGF alpha also caused effects on osteoblast function resembling those of EGF. It inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured rat osteosarcoma cells with the osteoblast phenotype and inhibited collagen synthesis in fetal rat calvaria at concentrations of 1.0 ng/ml. The lowest concentration of TGF alpha (expressed as nanogram equivalents of EGF per ml) required to produce a response in all of the systems tested was about 1/10th of that needed for EGF to produce a similar effect. These results indicate that TGF alpha is a potent stimulator of bone resorption and inhibitor of bone formation as assessed by inhibition of collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity and are consistent with the hypothesis that TGF alpha may be responsible, at least in part, for the bone resorption associated with some tumors. PMID- 3485802 TI - Radiation chemistry of a dinucleoside monophosphate and its sequence isomer. AB - A combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the products of X irradiated aqueous solutions of the dinucleoside monophosphate thymidylyl(3'-5') 2'-deoxyadenosine, d(TpA), and its sequence isomer 2'-deoxyadenylyl(3' 5')thymidine, d(ApT). The products of d(TpA) include both bases and nucleotides and a variety of thymine modifications of d(TpA) including the two cis and two trans glycol stereoisomers, two cis monohydroxy derivatives, an N-formamide derivative, and the hydroxymethyl derivative. Attention is focused on using NMR spectral features to distinguish among the various stereoisomers. The radiation chemistry of d(ApT) is also explored and differences in product formation compared with d(TpA) are described, particularly the formation of two products involving modification of adenine base. The potential of the HPLC-NMR approach to the study of radiation chemistry in DNA model compounds is discussed. PMID- 3485803 TI - Distance-weighted backprojection: a SPECT reconstruction technique. AB - A method of reconstruction of single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images--distance-weighted filtered backprojection--is described. The quality of SPECT images using the standard filtered backprojection algorithm for data obtained from 360 degrees acquisitions is limited by the loss of spatial resolution with distance, and the attenuation and scatter inherent in the planar images used for reconstruction. In contrast to the standard techniques in which a reconstructed pixel receives equal contributions from 180 degrees opposed views, distance--weighted filtered backprojection applies a variable weighting factor to the data such that the pixel receives greater weight from the closest planar views. Data derived from hot and cold spot phantoms as well as from various clinical studies show better spatial and contrast resolution with this new technique compared with the conventional 360 degrees algorithm. PMID- 3485804 TI - [Distal termino-terminal splenorenal bypass with regional anesthesia in a nephrectomized patient, with high anesthetic risk]. PMID- 3485805 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the cecum. A case of recurrent hemorrhage after right hemicolectomy]. PMID- 3485806 TI - The association between drinking and smoking habits among conscripts in the Danish Navy and Army. AB - In 1982 an alcohol and tobacco questionnaire was given to Danish conscripts on random weekdays in the first two weeks of call-up. The conscripts were asked about the previous day's consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In the navy 94.4% (N = 162) and in the army 92.0% (N = 514) answered the questions. Both smoking and drinking in the navy were found to be more prevalent than in the army, whereas the habits among conscripts in the army and in the civilian population were identical. In the army length of education was found to be inversely related to drinking and smoking, whereas in the navy education did not seem to influence smoking or drinking habits. In the army increasing amounts of drinking were associated with higher prevalences of light to heavy smoking and vice versa. In the navy only heavy drinking was strongly associated with a pronounced rate of heavy smoking. The difference seen between the navy and the army in tobacco and alcohol habits could not be explained by differences in age or level of education. Some other sociological, psychological and life style factors may be involved. We find it relevant to pinpoint high risk populations regarding excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption, so that rational prophylaxis or intervention might be effectuated. Health education programmes ought to contain information about the illnesses of both excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption, as these habits are closely related. PMID- 3485807 TI - Causes of microhaematuria in an Austrian general practice. AB - In order to determine whether patients with microhaematuria seen in general practice should be followed up in order to establish an aetiological diagnosis, a study was performed in a general practice in Vienna. Over a period of 2 1/2 years 87 patients with haematuria were found by a systematic procedure among a clientele of 2500 persons. This gives a one-year incidence rate of about seven per 1 000. By systematic investigation, three main groups of patients could be found: patients with microhaematuria and additional leukocyturia and bacteriuria (40%), most of them needing no further investigation after treatment of their urine infection; patients with microhaematuria showing different degrees of pathological changes after a complete urological check-up (43%); patients where the complete checkup did not reveal any aetiological diagnosis (13%). PMID- 3485808 TI - Why are diabetes, stomach cancer and circulatory diseases more common in Northern Sweden? AB - Why does a greater proportion of the population of northern Sweden suffer from such diseases as diabetes, stomach cancer and those of the circulatory system than people living in the southern part of the country? Are there any environmental factors that can explain these circumstances? It can be concluded from this study that the regional mortality pattern displayed here cannot be disregarded. The consistency of the finding is supported by the joint analysis of several data sources. The analyses in this study indicate that dietary habits, water hardness, and seasonal variations--rather than smoking habits or alcohol abuse--could be causal explanations for the regional mortality pattern in circulatory diseases. Diet and genetic factors may explain the regional variations in diabetes, while there is so far no evidence for associations between stomach cancer and any environmental factors. Thus, there is no correlation between stomach cancer and waterborne nitrate level in the 24 Swedish counties. This calls for further studies on the connections between stomach cancer and intake of salt, vitamins or trace elements. The preparation of foods could also have some impact on the incidence of stomach cancer. PMID- 3485809 TI - [Morphologic and immunologic criteria for the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of low-grade malignancy]. PMID- 3485810 TI - [Indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3485812 TI - A statewide motor vehicle injury surveillance system. Emergency room vehicular injury cases are heavily weighted toward adolescents, younger adults, and males. PMID- 3485811 TI - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 3485813 TI - High kicks in the ICU. PMID- 3485814 TI - [Good use of rehabilitation in orthopedic diseases of the leg in adults]. PMID- 3485815 TI - [Balneotherapy in orthopedic diseases of the leg]. PMID- 3485816 TI - Family study of schizophrenia: exploratory analysis for relevant factors. AB - Two hundred twenty-nine schizophrenic patients, diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria, and their first degree relatives (except children) were studied. HLA A1 and CRAG A1 antigens were used as markers of probable dopaminergic pathology and, therefore, as possible indicators of genetic homogeneity that might identify subgroups of families with a specific and recognizable liability. Data were subjected to a logistic analysis in which the dependent variable was the presence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in relatives, and the independent variables were the presence or absence of HLA A1 and CRAG A1 antigens, the sex of the proband, the sex of the relative, the severity of illness in the proband, and the type of relationship. The results for the entire sample demonstrate that the type of relationship, the sex of the proband, and the sex of the relative have significant effects on the risk of disorder in the relatives. In addition, the presence in the proband of one of the CRAG A1 antigens is a valid classification criterion for identifying a relatively homogeneous subgroup of families of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3485817 TI - Influence of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on experimentally induced heterotopic ossification in rats. AB - We report the effects of 1 alpha-OH-D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3, either alone or combined, on new bone formation induced by demineralized cortical bone matrix transplanted extraskeletally to the abdominal muscle wall in rats. 1 alpha-OH-D3 was administered orally in dosages of 0.1 microgram, 24,25(OH)2D3 in dosages of 0.2 micrograms, and, in the combined procedure, in the same dosages as mentioned above per day and rat. The amount of induced new bone in respect of organic matter, mineral content and 45Ca activity increased in all treatment groups, compared with controls. The differences between the groups treated separately with 1 alpha-OH-D3 or 24,25(OH)2D3 were insignificant. The differences in the combined treatment group were not so profound, but differed considerably compared with controls. However, 1 alpha-OH-D3 showed more prominent effects on the mineralization of implanted grafts, while 24,25(OH)2D3 especially promoted the production of organic material of the newly formed bone. PMID- 3485818 TI - Silicosis in a grey iron foundry. The persistence of an ancient disease. AB - An industrial hygiene and medical survey was conducted in an iron foundry to study the occurrence of silicosis. Breathing zone exposures to respirable crystalline silica had been very high in 1977 [1 045 micrograms/m3 (geometric mean) for coremakers and 198 micrograms/m3 for fettlers]; exposures in 1980 and 1982 were substantially lower. A radiographic evaluation of 188 workers revealed silicosis in 18 (9.6%). Eight had category 1 profusion of small rounded pulmonary lesions (by the 1980 classification of the International Labour Office); two had category 2; and eight had category 3. Two had progressive massive fibrosis. Four workers without silicosis in 1977 had developed lesions by 1980. The prevalence increased from 1.5% among workers employed less than 20 years to 53% among longer term workers. No association was found between the prevalence of silicosis and cigarette smoking. Chronic cough was more common in workers with heavy current dust exposure than in those with light exposure, more common in smokers than in nonsmokers, and more common in silicotics than in nonsilicotics. A multiplicative interaction existed between dust exposure and smoking in the etiology of cough. Silicosis continues to exist in American foundries. Cigarette smoking does not contribute to the causation of silicosis, but it aggravates the attendant respiratory symptoms. PMID- 3485819 TI - Parental occupation and birth outcome in an agricultural community. AB - The general birth outcome and prevalence of specific birth defects was investigated within an agricultural community through the review of birth records in a major hospital in Imperial County, California. Of all singleton births (N = 2 463) occurring within a four-year period, 990 or 40.2% involved offspring with one or both parent(s) who were agricultural workers. The progeny of agricultural and nonagricultural workers were similar with regard to sex ratios, prevalence of low birth-weight infants, stillbirth rate, minor and major malformation rates, and prevalence of neonatal deaths. Limb reduction defects, however, occurred more frequently among offspring of agricultural workers (5.05 per 1 000 total births versus 2.19 per 1 000 total births, rate ratio = 2.3). Furthermore, the prevalence of limb reduction defects among agricultural workers was 3- to 14-fold higher than available United States rates (0.36-1.65 per 1 000 total births). Findings from our study suggest that agricultural communities and, in particular, agricultural workers may be at excess risk of producing a child with a limb reduction defect. PMID- 3485821 TI - [Treatment of a mandibular arteriovenous shunt]. PMID- 3485820 TI - [Exanthema during frequent use of antibiotics and antibacterial drugs (penicillin, especially aminopenicillin, cephalosporin and cotrimoxazole) as well as allopurinol. Results of The Berne Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring Program]. AB - Of 19,653 patients hospitalized in the medical divisions of two teaching hospitals, 3980 were treated with an aminopenicillin, 808 with other penicillins, 427 with a cephalosporin, 2619 with cotrimoxazole and 846 with allopurinol. The first part of the study deals only with the incidence of exanthemas definitely or probably due to a specific drug on the basis of clinical considerations. The exanthema incidence is 8.0% for aminopenicillins, 4.7% for other penicillins, 1.9% for cephalosporins and 2.8% for cotrimoxazole. The second part of the study employs a cross-tabulation to determine the incidence of exanthemas definitely and probably drug-induced, and the temporal relationship of these reactions to aminopenicillin and allopurinol exposure. The observed risks of developing an exanthema are as follows: aminopenicillin without allopurinol 10.1%, aminopenicillin combined with allopurinol 7.2%, allopurinol without aminopenicillin 3.0%, neither of the two drugs 1.5%. The increased incidence of exanthemas observed by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program (BCDSP) in patients concomitantly treated with aminopenicillin and allopurinol was not confirmed by our results. Our hypothesis is that the time of exposure to aminopenicillins might have been shorter for patients of the BCDSP who were not treated in connection with neoplastic disease and did not receive allopurinol. The incidence of aminopenicillin induced exanthemas increases severalfold with the duration of exposure time during the first 2-3 weeks. In the CHDMB, on the other hand, exposure time does not differ between the patients treated with aminopenicillin alone or in combination with allopurinol. PMID- 3485822 TI - Alloantigen recognition is preceded by nonspecific adhesion of cytotoxic T cells and target cells. AB - T-cell receptors bind antigens only when the antigens are exposed on the cell surface. This can be studied best in the interaction of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) with target cells because the recognition and binding event can be separated from the lytic phase. Studies with CTL clones specific for HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 demonstrated that conjugates of CTL's and target cells can be formed in the absence of specific antigen recognition. Furthermore, T-cell receptor and target antigen cannot interact unless there is conjugate formation. This indicates that nonspecific conjugate formation between CTL's and target cells precedes the recognition of specific antigen by the T-cell receptor. PMID- 3485823 TI - Pitfalls of gastrointestinal bleeding studies with 99mTc sulfur-colloid. PMID- 3485824 TI - Regional location of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes on human chromosome 14. AB - The human protease inhibitor genes alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1-PI) and alpha 1 antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) are acute-phase proteins which are induced in response to inflammation. These inhibitors function to limit the activity of serine proteases in vivo. alpha 1-PI acts as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase to protect the elastin fibers of the lung. Genetic deficiencies of alpha 1-PI result in development of chronic pulmonary emphysema. The physiologic role of alpha 1-ACT has not been clearly defined, but it also appears to function in the maintenance of protease-protease inhibitor equilibrium in the lung. Nucleic acid and protein sequence homologies detected between alpha 1-PI and alpha 1-ACT suggested an evolutionary relationship. Gene mapping experiments were performed to determine if these protease inhibitor genes reside at the same chromosomal locus in man. In situ hybridization data demonstrate that both alpha 1-PI and alpha 1-ACT map to the same region, q31-q32.3, on chromosome 14. PMID- 3485825 TI - [Clinical use of fibrin glue in the osteosynthesis of epiphyseal fractures]. PMID- 3485826 TI - [The role of endoscopic sclerotherapy on the treatment of hemorrhage from esophageal varices]. PMID- 3485827 TI - A five to ten year follow-up study of parietal cell vagotomy. AB - Records of 51 consecutive patients who underwent parietal cell vagotomy at the Lahey Clinic Medical Center and who had follow-up studies of five to ten years were reviewed. Operation was performed for intractability in 25 patients, intractability and obstruction in 19 patients and bleeding in seven patients. Patients with pyloroduodenal stenosis underwent digital dilation. No operative deaths occurred. Ulcer recurred in two of 25 patients (8 per cent) treated for intractability, in three of 19 patients with obstruction and in two of seven patients operated upon for bleeding. Ulcers recurring in patients operated upon for obstruction developed in the first two years after operation and were frequently gastric. Recurrences in patients treated for intractability were seen throughout the ten years of follow-up study. Of the seven patients who had a recurrence of an ulceration, five were treated successfully with medical therapy and two required truncal vagotomy with antrectomy. Functional results graded according to the Visick criteria revealed excellent to good results in 27 of 32 (84 per cent) of patients without obstruction and in 11 of 19 patients (58 per cent) with obstruction before operation (p less than 0.05). Fair to poor results were attributed to recurrent ulcers in the group of patients without obstruction and to symptoms of delayed gastric emptying in the group of patients with obstruction. We consider parietal cell vagotomy the procedure of choice to use for patients with intractable duodenal ulcer, but we have abandoned use of pyloroduodenal dilation in the patient with appreciable obstruction from fibrosis. PMID- 3485828 TI - Assessment of antimicrobial penetrance into the pancreatic juice in humans. AB - The penetrance of mezlocillin, metronidazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole into the pancreatic juice of humans was measured in ten patients convalescing from acute pancreatitis at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Therapeutic levels were obtained in the serum for all three antimicrobial agents; simultaneously aspirated nonbile stained pancreatic juice contained therapeutic levels of metronidazole and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. Mezlocillin was not present in a therapeutic level in any patient with nonbile stained pancreatic fluid. PMID- 3485829 TI - [Chronorhythms of the endocrine system and the T-lymphocyte level in the blood in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3485830 TI - [Importance of early diagnosis in the dispensary care of patients with rheumatic diseases]. AB - The most important condition for effective prophylactic medical examination is early detection of diseases. The efficacy of prophylactic medical examination of rheumatic fever patients rises considerably under the conditions of stage-by stage therapy. Another important condition for early detection and diagnosis is raising qualifications of general practitioners in the field of rheumatology. PMID- 3485832 TI - Recent developments in childhood immunizations. PMID- 3485831 TI - [Determination of the risk factors, their characteristics and the nature of the reporting in the primary and secondary prevention of rheumatism]. AB - Basing on the results of a long-term prospective study (1960-1984) of 1310 patients with rheumatic fever and previous investigations the authors have singled out syndromes and complexes of risk factors of primary morbidity, recurrence and different outcomes of rheumatic fever. The main syndromes of risk factors of primary morbidity of rheumatic fever are chronic focal infection, everyday, age-sex and genetic factors, those of recurrences, the above factors and insufficient secondary prevention. PMID- 3485833 TI - The influence of preadsorbed canine von Willebrand factor, fibronectin and fibrinogen on ex vivo artificial surface-induced thrombosis. AB - We have examined the effects of preadsorption of several canine plasma proteins on surface-induced thrombogenesis in a canine ex vivo model. Our technique allowed determination of initial deposition and subsequent embolization of 51Cr labeled platelets and 125I-fibrinogen onto and from polymeric arterio-venous shunts in non-anticoagulated canines. Segments of the tubing were removed at various time points between 2 and 120 minutes of blood contact for examination of the morphology of the thrombus by scanning electron microscopy. Thrombus deposition was measured on uncoated plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and PVC precoated with canine von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibronectin, partially purified fibrinogen (fibrinogen which contained vWF and fibronectin as impurities), or purified fibrinogen (fibrinogen which had been further purified to remove fibronectin and vWF). Preadsorption of all proteins studied enhanced the thrombogenic response relative to that of the uncoated surface. Precoating with vWF or partially purified fibrinogen resulted in the deposition of the greatest number of thrombi, and embolization was slower than on shunts precoated with canine fibronectin or purified fibrinogen. The deposition-embolization profiles for the fibronectin and purified fibrinogen-coated surfaces were similar. The amount and time sequence of initial adhesion and spreading of platelets was related to the extent and time sequence of peak thrombus formation. The partially purified fibrinogen-coated and vWF-coated surfaces had more adhered and spread platelets at the earliest time points and a greater number of larger thrombi at the peak deposition times. The slowest rate of platelet adhesion and spreading was seen on the purified fibrinogen-coated surface. White blood cells were present very early on surfaces precoated with vWF and partially purified fibrinogen, and were present prior to embolization on all surfaces. Major conclusions from this work indicate that, although fibrinogen and fibronectin promote thrombogenesis when adsorbed to a surface, vWF is even more active in promoting platelet deposition and in anchoring thrombi to the surface of biomaterials. Thus, differences in vWF adsorption to biomaterials may be a determinant of surface-induced thrombogenesis. PMID- 3485834 TI - Messenger RNA for plasminogen activator inhibitor. AB - We report here the identification and preliminary characterization of the messenger RNA coding for a Mr 50,000 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) synthesized by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Polyadenylated RNA was prepared from these cells and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system. When the 35S methionine labeled translation products were immunoprecipitated with monospecific antiserum to PAI and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography, a single major polypeptide of Mr 40,000 was revealed. Competition experiments were performed to determine the relationship of the immunoprecipitated polypeptide to the PAI. The amount of 35S-labeled immunoprecipitate was greatly decreased by the presence of the purified PAI, consistent with the conclusion that the Mr 40,000 band represented the translation product of PAI mRNA. This mRNA migrated with a sedimentation coefficient of 22s when analyzed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The in vitro translation assay was used to determine the relative amount of PAI mRNA in cells cultured in calf serum purchased from different vendors. The level of PAI mRNA varied by at least eight-fold depending on the serum employed, suggesting that expression of the PAI gene is subject to regulation by external factors. PMID- 3485836 TI - [Epidural stimulation of the dorsal column in chronic pain]. PMID- 3485835 TI - The macrophage-mediated regulation of hepatocyte synthesis of antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - Antithrombin III (ATIII) is an anticoagulant protein which binds and inactivates thrombin and other serine proteinases. Little is known about regulation of its synthesis. We confirm that ATIII is synthesized by isolated rat hepatocytes, and that its synthesis is not altered by direct feedback of its complexes with proteinases. Neither is hepatocyte synthesis of ATIII altered by supernatants from macrophages cultured in the presence of ATIII-proteinase complexes. However, culture of macrophages with fibrinogen fragment D results in production of a factor(s) in the macrophage supernatants which stimulates hepatic fibrinogen synthesis, as previously described, and also stimulates the synthesis of ATIII and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI). Synthesis of albumin and rat alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) is not (alpha 2M) is not altered. Culture of macrophages in the presence of bacterial endotoxin also results in release of a factor(s) into the medium which stimulates the same changes in hepatocyte protein synthesis. These results show for the first time a mechanism by which synthesis of ATIII can be regulated during coagulation and fibrinolysis. PMID- 3485837 TI - [The use of drugs as the cause of admission to a department of internal medicine]. PMID- 3485838 TI - Receptor-mediated binding of C1q on pulmonary endothelial cells. AB - Normal undamaged pulmonary endothelial cells appear to be immunologically privileged in that they do not express receptors for the Fc portion of IgG nor for C3b. However, these receptors become unmasked on endothelial cells injured by viral infection or exposure to white cell lysates. We now present evidence to indicate that C1q binds to specific receptors on the surface of normal healthy endothelial cells. The binding is dose-dependent, reversible and saturable. Furthermore our data show that binding of C1q to endothelial cells is via the collagenous portion of the molecule not via the globular head regions. Thus binding of C1q to endothelium would have the effect of exposing Fc receptors that could then bind to IgG of circulating immune complexes. That Fc receptors are in fact exposed is shown by rosette formation with antibody sensitized erythrocytes. With 2C1r-2C1s-associated C1q, no binding occurred using C1 fixation and transfer assays. Our results indicate that C1q binding to endothelium provides a means for localizing immune complexes on pulmonary vessels and may be important in the initiation and progression of the inflammatory response. PMID- 3485839 TI - Biochemical characterization of the hepatic effects in mice and rats of 1,4-bis[2 (3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, a hepatic neoplasm promoter. AB - The biochemical effects on the liver of 1,4-bis[2-(3,5 dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), a phenobarbital-like enzyme inducer, were studied in the mouse and rat. In mice a single dose of TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg, ip) caused marked and long-lasting (at least 7 days) induction of liver cytochrome P 450, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and epoxide hydrolase. TCPOBOP had much less effect in rats than in mice, even at a higher dose (30 mg/kg) TCPOBOP also induced DNA synthesis in mice and rats but ornithine decarboxylase activity only in mice. In addition, in mice but not in rats, TCPOBOP increased microsomal membrane fluidity, as detected by fluorescence polarization measurements. PMID- 3485840 TI - Modulation of cellular and humoral immune responses by O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate, an impurity of commercial malathion. AB - We studied the effect of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-Me) on macrophage function and the immune responses of both T- and B-cells using an in vitro system. The involvement of glutathione (GSH) in the bioactivation of OSS-Me to suppress such responses was investigated after either direct culture with spleen or B-cells and/or co-culture of B-cells with either B- or T-cells that were or were not preincubated with OSS-Me and glutathione enriched cytosol. Our results show that OSS-Me preincubated with GSH suppresses immune responses through an inhibitory effect on the cell function. Both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) generation and antibody production were impaired. Antigen presentation by macrophages was also inhibited. In mixing experiments of pretreated and normal cells, the inhibitory effect was also observed on macrophages and helper T-cells responding to a T-dependent antigen. We concluded that the immunosuppressive effect of OSS-Me is due to impairment of cell function and not mediated through generation of regulatory suppressor T-cells. This inhibitory effect was only detectable in the presence of glutathione in the preincubation mixture, suggesting that an OSS-Me glutathione adduct might be responsible for the toxic effect. PMID- 3485841 TI - Maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh: the Tangail District. AB - A study was conducted from September 1982 to August 1983 in the Tangail district of Bangladesh to estimate the maternal mortality level there and identify its causes and correlates. A rate of 56.6 per 10,000 live births was found, with abortion-related deaths contributing nearly 10 deaths per 10,000 live births. The major causes of maternal mortality were found to be obstructed labor and sepsis caused by improperly performed abortion. Those at high risk were mothers below age 20 and above age 30 and those above parity four. No inverse relationship was found between maternal mortality and socioeconomic status, as might be expected. Community-level pregnancy monitoring programs, increased attention on the part of family planning workers toward teenaged, older, and high parity mothers, and nutrition supplement programs for anemic mothers are recommended. PMID- 3485843 TI - Serum antibody reactivity of broadly sensitized patients with HLA-matched peripheral blood T lymphocytes. AB - The sera of 45 hypersensitized patients with more than 90% panel reactive antibodies were tested for reactivity against peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 7 donors matched for HLA-A,B antigens. The target cells were phenotypically homozygous HLA-A1,B8 or A2,B44. Tests for lymphocytotoxic antibodies were essentially negative except for one target cell in which 10 of 25 sera were positive. More positive reactions were detected by flow cytometry, and the proportion of positive specimens ranged from 15% to 48% with the different target cells. Most positive reactions involved the HLA-A2 and B44 antigens, in which heterogeneity within the serologically defined specificities has been described. The positive reactions were further evaluated by testing the effect of purified soluble HLA molecules on the binding of antibodies to the HLA-marched targets. Purified HLA produced a detectable inhibition of antibody binding in the majority of the serum-target combinations studied. These results document that anti-HLA antibodies can still react with HLA-matched lymphocytes, which may be due to the recognition of subtypes of the known serologically defined specificities. PMID- 3485842 TI - Maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh: the Jamalpur District. AB - During the 12-month period from September 1982 to August 1983, 9,317 live births and 58 maternal deaths were recorded in Melanda and Islampur upazilas in the Jamalpur district of rural Bangladesh, giving a maternal mortality rate of 62.3 per 10,000 live births. Maternal mortality was positively related to maternal age and parity, with the mortality risk rising very sharply beyond age 35 years, and beyond parity four among women aged 25-34 years in particular. The most common causes of maternal death were eclampsia (20.7 percent), septic abortion (20.7 percent), postpartum sepsis (10.3 percent), obstructed labor (10.3 percent), and antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage (10.3 percent). These findings indicate that family planning, by decreasing the likelihood of pregnancy after age 35 and parity four, can help reduce the proportion of women at risk of maternal mortality. PMID- 3485845 TI - Use of limiting dilution analysis to assess residual T cell content in human marrow after treatment with monoclonal anti-T cell antibody and complement. PMID- 3485844 TI - Suppressive effect of mizoribine on humoral antibody production in DBA/2 mice. AB - The mode of action of mizoribine (MZR) as a B cell inhibitor was studied using DBA/2 mice. Its in vitro administration significantly delayed the primary response in hemagglutinin production against sheep erythrocytes by suppressing the IgM antibody formation. In vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response against both T-dependent and T-independent antigens, such as TNP-SRBC and TNP-Brucella abortus, was dose-dependently suppressed by MZR. Since PFC formation by the T depleted fraction of splenocytes was likewise suppressed, MZR may inhibit humoral antibody response by directly affecting the B cells (and/or macrophages) as well as by modulating the regulatory T cells. MZR may only act on a certain stage of the cell cycle of B lymphocytes following antigenic stimulation. It may not interfere with the initial antigen recognition or with mature B cells. PMID- 3485846 TI - In vivo effects of cyclosporine in the generation and expression of effector cell function. PMID- 3485847 TI - An outbreak of typhoid fever in Chandigarh, North India. AB - An outbreak of typhoid fever occurred among 54 hospital nurses after a picnic. The salient features were fever (100%), nausea and vomiting (46%), loose motions and abdominal pain (13%), and palpable splenomegaly (63%). None of the patients had any major complications. Blood cultures for Salmonella typhi were positive in 81%, blood Widal was positive (1:320 or more) in 43% and suggestive (1:160) in 25% of the blood culture positive patients. A comparable number of patients were administered chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole and no differences in response were observed. Bacteriological examination of samples of water from the likely sources revealed it to be unfit for human consumption due to gross faecal contamination. PMID- 3485848 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris. Indications for coronary arteriography and surgical treatment]. PMID- 3485849 TI - Bladder inhibition by electrical stimulation of the perianal skin. AB - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was applied to the perianal skin of 25 patients with frequency, urgency or incontinence. Repeated cystometrogram during this stimulation disclosed suppression of detrusor activity, inhibition of detrusor instability in 4 of 8 patients and increase of maximum cystometric capacity in 5 of 25 patients. Electromyographic activity of the anal sphincter muscle increased in all the 25 patients. Poststimulation improvement was observed clinically in 9 of 12 patients. PMID- 3485850 TI - [Infectious suppurative endophthalmitis in a penetrating eye wound as a reason for enucleation]. PMID- 3485851 TI - [Galvanization of the neck area in treating accommodation disorders in myopia in children]. PMID- 3485853 TI - Maternal-neonatal immunoregulation in swine. II. Influence of multiparity on de novo immunoglobulin synthesis by piglets. AB - In the first-litter sows lower serum levels were found for all three Ig classes as compared to multiparous sows. The same was true for IgA in lacteal secretions and in piglet serum during the first days of life, while no differences were found for IgG levels. In contrast to these findings, IgM levels were found to be higher in lacteal secretions of first-litter sows and in piglet serum during the first days of life as compared to their counterparts. From three weeks after birth Igs found in piglet serum mainly originate from de novo synthesis. In this period piglets of first litter sows showed a higher IgA level up to the 6th week of life and higher IgG and IgM levels up to the end of the investigation period. Results are discussed in terms of maternal-neonatal immune regulation, focussing on the apparent suppressive role of maternally-derived IgG on total de novo Ig synthesis by suckling piglets. PMID- 3485852 TI - Ototoxicity of the antiseptic combination chlorhexidine/cetrimide (Savlon): effects on equilibrium and hearing. AB - Literature concerning the ototoxicity of the antiseptic combination chlorhexidine/cetrimide (Savlon) is reviewed. The ototoxic effects are illustrated by the results of our own experiments in guinea pigs. The impetus for this article was the observation of vestibular dysfunction in 15 clinical cases (12 dogs and 3 cats), in 8 of which it was confirmed that the ear canal had been rinsed with this drug combination in the presence of a ruptured tympanic membrane. PMID- 3485854 TI - Comparison of milk antitrypsin, albumin, n-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, somatic cells and bacteriological analysis as indicators of bovine subclinical mastitis. AB - Thirty-two quarters, five of which harbored subclinical mastitis, were examined daily for one month. The usefulness of milk antitrypsin, BSA (bovine serum albumin), NAGase, somatic cells and bacteriological analysis in differentiating the inflamed quarters from the healthy control quarters was analysed. Inter quarter evaluation clearly improved each indirect mastitis parameter; NAGase and antitrypsin were better indicators of differences between infected and non infected quarters than BSA or the somatic cell count. PMID- 3485855 TI - Polypeptides of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. III. Translational order of proteins on the gag and env gene specified precursor polypeptides. AB - Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), the prototype D-type retrovirus, unlike most retroviruses, preassembles core structures in the cytoplasm of infected cells during morphogenesis. We have shown previously (J. Bradac and E. Hunter, 1984, Virology 138, 260-275) that M-PMV virions contain 5 gag-encoded polypeptides. In this report, the translational order of the proteins encoded on the gag and env genes of M-PMV has been determined by pactamycin mapping. The proposed order of the viral proteins on their respective precursors is env: NH2-gp85-gp20-COOH; gag: NH2-p10-pp24/pp16-p12-p27-p14-COOH. Myristic acid-labeled virions contained a single radioactive protein, p10, supporting the mapping of this molecule to the amino terminus. From these studies it is clear that M-PMV contains an unusual additional gag polypeptide, p12, for which no function has been assigned to date. A remarkable similarity exists in the size and organization of M-PMV and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) gag polypeptides; suggesting a common ancestor to these two viruses. PMID- 3485856 TI - [Thallium-201 scintigraphy of the heart in patients before aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 3485857 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) in stomach and intestinal cancer]. AB - Hemostasis was studied in 70 patients with gastric or intestinal cancer. Pronounced imbalance in blood coagulation was established, resulting in chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome in 55.7 and thrombophilia- in 20% of cases. Advancement of tumor to stage IV was followed by development of stage II (subacute) DIC syndrome. The syndrome was frequently manifested by thrombohemorrhagic complications which occurred in 14.5% of cancer patients (autopsy data). It was inferred that timely treatment of malignancies, early administration of heparin, fibrinolysis--activating drugs and deaggregants are pathogenetically justified means for prevention and treatment of DIC syndrome. PMID- 3485859 TI - [Are there still reserves in the further lowering of infant mortality?]. PMID- 3485858 TI - Selective IgA deficiency in Japanese blood donors: frequency and statistical analysis. AB - The incidence of selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) was determined in a healthy adult population of 222,597 Japanese volunteer blood donors. Of the blood donors screened, only 0.007% (1:14,840) were found to be IgA-deficient (less than 10 mg/dl) by means of the double diffusion method, while 0.005% (1:18,500) were less than 5 mg/dl, and 0.003% (1:31,800) were less than 1 mg/dl by means of the single radial immunodiffusion method. Statistical analysis of the results clearly showed that the incidence of SIgAD in Japanese blood donors is very much lower than that in blood donors of European ancestry. The Japanese population may occupy a unique position in the ethnical peculiarities. Anti-IgA antibodies were found in 3 (25.0%) of 12 IgA-deficient blood donors whose IgA levels were less than 5 mg/dl, a prevalence rate comparable to that in donors of European ancestry. Although it is difficult to develop a suitable file of IgA-deficient donors in Japan, the establishment of a Rare Donor Registry System on IgA deficiency is a matter of urgency. PMID- 3485860 TI - [Stomach cancer in Poland--new epidemiologic trends]. PMID- 3485861 TI - [Standardized diagnosis-oriented documentation of anamnesis and findings in orthopedic disease pictures]. AB - A new standardized diagnosis related record system for orthopedic diseases is presented. 15 special record forms plus 1 general record form can reach about 80 per cent of all orthopedic diseases and will ease patients management as well as scientific evaluation. PMID- 3485863 TI - [Current approach to the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3485862 TI - [Results of fluorescence microscopy studies of bone healing by direct stimulation with bipolar impulse currents and with the interference current procedure in the animal experiment]. AB - 42 cross-breed rabbit bastards of either sex were osteotomized on the left proximal third of the tibia. A teflonisolated stable plating was made by means of the polychromatically KF-AO-instrumentarium. The animals were fluorescentlabelled in weekly intervals. Tetraverinex, alizarin complexon, fluorexon, xylenol orange and calceine were used as colours. The animals were stimulated in the bipolar squaretopped pulse current procedure (1 Hz and 10 Hz, resp., +/- 25 and +/- 50 microA, resp., intensity, permanent stimulation) or in the interference current procedure (oscillation frequency 100 Hz, intensity 1 mA, 4 hours daily). An osteotomized group served as a control. The undecalcified bone sections were quantitatively measured in the area of the periosteal and endoosteal accummulation seams as well as in the area of the Haversians canals and compared by means of multiple variance analyses. A delay in the Haversian remodelling within the first 2 weeks was found in the animals only osteotomized. This delay could not be detected in all electrically stimulated groups. The electrical stimulation leads to a shortening of the fracture healing period by skipping the physiologically occurring delay of the Haversian remodelling in fractures and osteotomies. Further on there was derived a growth function of the osteones as a regression function r (t) = a + beta X e gamma t. For the rabbit the concrete formula expression r (t) = 50.9 X e-0.094 X t + 17.4 for the animals not treated and r (t) = 42.9 X e-0.067 X t + 8.5 for the electrical stimulated animals has been found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485865 TI - [Morbidity detection in general practice]. AB - A system of morbidity registration in the domain of primary health care is presented on the basis of experiences made abroad. A pilot project (Sentinella) functions in the environments of Berne since November 1984. Its extension to the whole of Switzerland is scheduled for the middle of 1986. PMID- 3485864 TI - [Clinico-immunological parallels in infectious syphilis]. PMID- 3485866 TI - [Correlation and composition of the plasmalogen and diacyl forms of phosphatidylethanolamine in subcellular brain fractions of the trout Salmo irideus and the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - In myelin, nuclear, microsomal, mitochondrial and synaptosomal fractions from the brain of the trout and frog, studies have been made on the composition of fatty acids and fatty aldehydes of the plasmalogen form and fatty acids of the diacylic form of phosphatidylethanolamin. It was shown that alongside with the increase of the relative content of the plasmalogen form of phosphatidylethanolamin in subcellular fractions of the brain in the frog, especially in the myelin, changes also take place in the composition of fatty acids (the increase in the content of polyenic acids, especially of arachidonic one) and fatty aldehydes (the increase in the degree of unsaturation). Brain myelin of coldblooded vertebrates exhibits similarity with myelin from higher vertebrates in its high content of plasmalogens with a high degree of unsaturation of fatty acids and fatty aldehydes. PMID- 3485867 TI - [Decimeter radiothermometry in the diagnosis of brain tumors]. AB - The authors used a new noninvasive method, decimeter radiothermometry, to measure cerebrocranial temperature in 68 patients with brain tumors. It made it possible to study the mean temperature of a tissue layer situated at a depth of 3-5 cm from the surface to an accuracy of up to +/- 0.1 degrees C. Temperature anomaly at the site of the tumor projection was revealed in three fourths of cases, mainly when it was localized laterally. Cerebrocranial temperature was compared with the morphological structure of the tumor. The diagnostic value of the method in tumors of the brain is demonstrated. PMID- 3485869 TI - Ventricular pacing via a Swan Ganz catheter: a new mode of pacemaker therapy. AB - Hemodynamic monitoring via a Swan Ganz catheter is often required with critically ill patients. In the further course of the illness emergency temporary pacing might be necessary, most frequently for AV-conduction disturbances or sinus bradycardia. Insertion via the right internal jugular vein has been used in many cases. This raises the problem that one may find a second central vein, which can lead to serious problems and in any case may be a dangerous waste of time. Recently we had the opportunity to stimulate the right ventricle with a small pacing wire, brought into the ventricle via a Swan Ganz catheter especially designed for this purpose with an extra lumen ending in the right ventricle of the heart. In this account we describe our experience with the first ten patients to whom this method was applied. PMID- 3485868 TI - Value of phono-mechanocardiography. PMID- 3485870 TI - New index of cardiac contractility during stress testing with treadmill. AB - Experimental demonstration that the external phonocardiogram is similar to the third derivative (rate of acceleration) of LV pressure, and that catecholamines cause a similar increase of the early systolic wave of the first derivative of LV pressure and of S1 prompted a study of the first sound during stress testing. Following a previous study with different types of ergometers, the present investigation was based on records of 10 normal, young volunteers, taken during treadmill exercise while a phonocardiogram was recorded at the apex. The first heart sound increased in all of them averaging an eightfold increase during maximal stress. Comparison of the changes in amplitude of S1 with changes of heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output revealed that the first showed the most constant proportional increase while sometimes one or the other parameter showed only a moderate change. The possible causes of this apparent lack of reaction is discussed. The importance of the first sound as an index of contractility is stressed, and the suggestion of a routine study of this index in cardiac patients submitted to stress tests is advanced. PMID- 3485871 TI - How predictable is the postoperative work resumption after aortocoronary bypass surgery? AB - The number of aortocoronary bypass procedures increased at the Cardiovascular Surgery Department of the University Hospital in Leuven (Belgium) from 12 patients in 1971 to 650 patients in 1983. A similar evolution took place in the other existing Belgian cardiovascular centers and new departments were created to fill this need. The financial burden of the direct hospital costs of these procedures on the National Health Care program is considerable. The postoperative work-resumption will restore the patient's social dignity, it can increase the patient's personal income and thus decrease the indirect costs such as workmen's compensation; it will therefore improve the cost effectiveness of coronary surgery so that it can be offered to the numerous patients who need it for their survival or for the improvement of their quality of life. Studies about the employment status before and after aortocoronary surgery, as published from other centers, can not be projected on the Belgian situation due to the difference in population cohorts, laws regulating the working conditions, the national unemployment ratio and disability compensations. With this in mind, a study of the preoperative and postoperative employment and its predictability was undertaken. PMID- 3485873 TI - Transient tricuspid valve insufficiency following acute inferior myocardial infarction. AB - Tricuspid valve insufficiency following acute myocardial infarction is uncommon. It may be explained by right ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction. We report the case of a patient with acute tricuspid valve incompetence during the acute phase of a left ventricular inferior infarction with right ventricular myocardial involvement. The treatment during the acute phase consisted of volume loading and positive inotropic agents. Seven days later the clinical signs of tricuspid valve insufficiency and concomitant right heart failure had disappeared. To our knowledge transient tricuspid valve insufficiency following acute inferior myocardial infarction has not been reported previously. PMID- 3485872 TI - Aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT). A diagnostic and surgical "must". AB - ALVT is a rare congenital lesion. The paravalvular tunnel causes a clinical picture of aortic regurgitation. An aortic regurgitant murmur is present since birth. The clinical diagnosis, often overlooked, is best confirmed by angiocardiography in the lateral view. Although 80% of reported cases present with congestive heart failure before age 1, our two cases were asymptomatic at age 13 and 8 respectively. Both were operated on the basis of progressive left ventricular (L.V.) overload and dilatation. Diagnosis was made at operation in case 1 and suspected by the surgeon in case 2. Case 1 necessitated implantation of a bioprosthetic valve and replacement of the prosthesis 3 years later for primary tissue failure. Case 2 could be handled more conservatively with obturation of the aortic orifice of the tunnel. The natural evolution of the lesion involves progressive aortic valve regurgitation both by annuloectasia and retraction of the valve cusps. The diagnosis of ALVT should be considered in any infant or child with an aortic regurgitation murmur. Surgical treatment should be undertaken before alteration of the valve and the aim should be preservation of native valve function. PMID- 3485874 TI - The QS2/QT ratio as an index of appropriate left ventricular response to autonomic and inotropic stimuli. AB - Dissociation between duration of electrical and mechanical systole has been seen with increase of myocardial shortening velocity or adrenergic activity. We found a decrease of the QS2/QT ratio after exercise in 10 pts with semisitting bicycle maximal exercise test and a normal radionuclide angiogram. No change was seen in 9 patients with a normal study with beta blockade, and in pts with a abnormal radionuclide test, without beta blockade (11 pts). In 19 normal active individuals, a significant QS2/QT decrease (p less than 0.001) was seen after a submaximal exercise treadmill test, which was inhibited by beta blockade. We believe that QS2/QT diminution is suggestive of an increase of the inotropic state of the left ventricle with exercise, produced through adrenergic stimulation. It is not seen either when an ischemic left ventricle cannot adequately respond to exercise or after beta blockade. PMID- 3485875 TI - [Coronary surgery in patients with poor ventricular function]. AB - The surgical indication of coronary by-pass surgery in patients with bad ventricular function is difficult. We analysed retrospectively 87 patients operated on between February 1982 and November 1983. We show the benefit of this surgery even in patients without angina pectoris. PMID- 3485876 TI - Primary intracerebral lymphoma. Clinicopathological confrontation in a case study. AB - A case of a primary intracerebral lymphoma, presenting with posterior uveitis, is reported together with its stepwise diagnostic approach. Various aspects of the diagnostic and therapeutic problems with these malignant tumours are discussed. The importance of indirect techniques for achievement of the diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 3485877 TI - Severe cerebellar degeneration in a patient with T-cell lymphoma. AB - A 53-year-old man with an aggressive T-cell lymphoma was found at autopsy to have severe cerebellar degeneration, presumably as a 'remote' effect of malignancy. The degree of cerebellar atrophy was unusually pronounced and widespread, involving both Purkinje cell and granule cell layers, although patches of preserved and essentially normal cerebellar cortex were identified. This case is of particular interest in view of data which indicate that cerebellar Purkinje cells and T-lymphocytes share antigenic surface markers. PMID- 3485879 TI - Prostaglandin E2 as an immunomodulating factor released in vitro by human glioma cells. AB - Cultured human glioma cells were found to produce soluble factors that can modulate the in vitro proliferative response of purified T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Neoplastic tissue was removed during surgery for brain glial tumors and cultured in vitro. The glial nature of the neoplastic cells was verified by means of anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemical staining. Serum-free supernatants from these cultures proved capable of suppressing in vitro proliferation of PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes. Suppression was reduced when indomethacin or aspirin was added to the culture medium. Thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of prostaglandins and other arachidonic acid derivatives in the supernatants. The radioimmunoassay used to quantify the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the supernatants showed detectable amounts of PGE2, which disappeared after the cultures had been treated with anti inflammatory drugs. These data support the hypothesis that tumoral glial cells can play a role in the host immune response in the central nervous system, namely by producing soluble factors. PMID- 3485880 TI - Postnatal development of vestibular receptor surfaces in the rat. AB - The development of vestibular receptor surfaces was studied during the postnatal period in the rat on the 1st, 7th, 13th, 32nd and 75th days after birth. Cristae and utricles increase and change their shapes, up to day 13 for the cristae and day 32 for the utricles. Cristae hair bundles are less developed than those of the utricles on the 1st day after birth, with evidence of ciliogenesis being present in the cristae. There is an increase in hair bundle length in both organs that appears complete by the 32nd day after birth. These results are discussed in relation to the ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies concerning the postnatal maturation of the vestibular receptors. PMID- 3485878 TI - Peripheral nervous system lesions in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Ultrastructural distribution of T cells and Ia-antigen. AB - The distribution of T cells and Ia-antigen in peripheral nervous system (PNS) lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was studied by light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. Sprague Dawley rats, sensitized with guinea pig spinal cord tissue, developed a biphasic disease with acute inflammatory and chronic inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the PNS. In both the acute non-demyelinating and the chronic demyelinating disease inflammatory infiltrates were composed of T cells and Ia-positive monocytes/macrophages. Dependent upon the stage of the disease a variable percentage of T-lymphocytes carried the Ox 8 antigen (suppressor/cytotoxic cells). In demyelinating lesions no evidence for an interaction of T cells with myelin or Schwann cells was observed, thus arguing against a direct T-cell cytotoxicity in demyelination. The whole sequence of myelin destruction and digestion was performed by W3/13-, Ia+ mononuclear cells with ultrastructural features of monocytes/macrophages. In contrast to the acute inflammatory stage of the disease, high titers of anti-myelin antibodies were present in sera of affected animals sampled during the chronic inflammatory demyelinating stage. The sera from the latter animals also showed pronounced in vivo demyelinating activity when transferred into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal recipient rats. It is thus suggested that demyelination in this model is induced by a co operation of cell-mediated and humoral immune mechanisms. We did not find evidence for Ia-antigen expression on local elements of the PNS (Schwann cells, axons, or endothelial cells). PMID- 3485881 TI - The vestibular functions of the manganese-deficient rat. AB - Vestibular functions were examined in 25 animals of the second generation of rats raised on a manganese-deficient diet; 9 animals appeared to be normal and 16 showed behavioural abnormalities, characterized by inability to swim and lack of tonic eye deviations. The nystagmic responses elicited by rotatory stimulation appeared to be normal. Histological studies showed that the only defect was the absence of both utricular and saccular otoconia. These rats' swimming disability was similar to that of bilabyrinthectomized rats in normogravic condition and to that of normal rats immersed in water during weightlessness. It is concluded that the observed anomalies must be attributed solely to the lack of normal otolith function. PMID- 3485882 TI - An experimental study of inner ear pathology due to NaCl on the round window. AB - An animal experiment was performed to evaluate structural and ultrastructural changes to the inner ear as a result of placing 3-4 crystals of reagent grade sodium chloride (NaCl) on the round window membrane. Chinchillas were sacrificed at 8 and 24 hours after treatment and the cochlear and vestibular tissues were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Inner ear pathology consisted of destruction of both sensory and supporting cells in the basal turn of the organ of Corti, atrophy of the stria vascularis and alterations to the otoconia and the maculae and ampullae of the vestibular system. This study demonstrates that NaCl in the middle ear does not provide a model for Meniere's disease as previously suggested by Arslan. It may, however, be utilized in the destructive treatment of selected inner ear disorders. PMID- 3485883 TI - Comparative morphometric study of the vestibular system of the vertebrata: reptilia, aves, amphibia, and pisces. AB - Morphometric measurements were made from serial sections of the vestibular system in four classes of vertebrates: Reptilia, Aves, Amphibia, and Pisces. Representative species of reptile studied were the lizard (Gekko gecko), the common garter snake (Thamnophis sp.), and the common turtle (Chelonia sp.). The budgie (Melopsittacus undulatas), the common pigeon (Columba domestica), the yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius), and the horned owl (Bubo virginianus) were chosen as representative of the bird. For the amphibian, the leopard frog (Rana pipiens), and the mud puppy (Necturus maculatus) were chosen for study. As representative of the fish, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), the tilapia (Tilapia mossambica), the guppy (Lebistes sp.), and the sea horse (Hippocampus sp.) were used in these measurements. The morphometric data obtained were then used in estimates of the time constants in the Steinhausen equation which describes the biophysics of fluid flow in the semicircular canals. In general, the time constants (theta/II in the Steinhausen equation) of these representatives of Reptilia, Aves, and Amphibia were of magnitude similar to those reported in mammals, despite the dissimilarities in the diameters of the ducts, the duct radii of curvature, the dimensions of the cristae ampullares and the utricle, and volumes of endolymph within the vestibular system. However, the short-time constants in Pisces were larger (therefore providing a slower response) than those in other vertebrates, and were similar to that of the turtle and the mud puppy. PMID- 3485884 TI - Epidermal growth factor in cow's milk and milk formulas. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human milk, cow's milk and 10 different milk formulas was measured by radioreceptor assay (RRA) using human placental membrane as an EGF receptor. The raw and pasteurized cow's milk contained 324.2 ng/ml and 155.0 ng/ml of RRA-EGF, respectively. These values were almost the same as that found in human milk, when the concentration was expressed as the proportion of protein contents in the samples. On the other hand, no trace of RRA-EGF was detected in 9 different milk formulas, and only one contained a very small amount of it. PMID- 3485886 TI - Computed tomographic scans in ECT-patients. AB - Although the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is acknowledged by most, concern has repeatedly been expressed that the treatment may have some lasting effects on the brain. To study potential morphological changes, 22 patients with a history of ECT were submitted to a detailed clinical evaluation and a brain CT scan examination. Age- and sex-matched control subjects comprised a group of comparable patients, none of whom had received ECT, and a second control group of healthy volunteers. Patients had larger ventricle/brain ratios and cortical "atrophy" scores than normal controls, but no association was found between these radiological measures and a previous history of ECT. Hence, the present data are consistent with recent reports that affective disorders may be associated with enlarged brain ventricles, although the clinical significance of such findings remains unclear. In line with previous investigations age correlated significantly with cortical "atrophy" scores and ventricle/brain ratios for all subjects. Statistical tests of correlations between duration of illness, previous psychotropic drug exposure and CT scan appearances were mainly inconclusive. PMID- 3485885 TI - Lack of histological signs in rats dying during the acute phase of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis. AB - Rats dying acutely of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis show very meagre histological signs of the disease in routine histology sections. This cannot be explained by postmortal changes. It is suggested that the infiltrating lymphoid cells seen in the central nervous system for surviving rats are involved in the normally occurring self-limitation of the disease. PMID- 3485887 TI - Density values of the corpus callosum in schizophrenic brains. AB - Density values of the corpus callosum and ventricular brain ratio (VBR) were obtained by coronal computerized tomography (CT) in 16 chronic schizophrenic patients and 16 normal controls. The corpus callosum of schizophrenic brains showed no apparent density loss which could indicate a dysfunctional brain. A significant ventricular dilatation was found in the patient group compared with age-matched controls. This finding was compatible with several former observations with transverse scanning. PMID- 3485888 TI - Ventricular enlargement in young chronic schizophrenics. AB - The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) was measured in a group of 33 young in-patient schizophrenics and 25 controls. Results confirmed significant lateral ventricular enlargement in the schizophrenic patients, but could not demonstrate any association between the VBR and age or length of illness. Some aspects of the studied sample are discussed. PMID- 3485889 TI - Vascular neoplasm of the esophagus with life-threatening hemorrhage. Report of a case. AB - A rare case of life-threatening hemorrhage from a vascular neoplasm of the esophagus is presented. The exact nature of the lesion remained obscure in spite of careful histomorphologic analysis. After tumor extirpation no signs of recurrence were observed during a four-year follow-up period. PMID- 3485891 TI - Effect of sunlight exposure on circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in hemodialyzed patients and of exogenous parathyroid hormone in anephric patients. AB - Sunshine exposure increased the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) in 9 hemodialyzed patients. Mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) was unchanged, but in two patients with low initial 25-OHD values this increase was accompanied by a rise in circulating 1,25-(OH)2D, although not to normal levels. One hemodialyzed patient developed liver insufficiency with a resultant reduction of serum 25-OHD concentration accompanied by a decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentration. The results indicate that the circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2D in patients with end-stage renal failure are to some extent regulated by the serum 25-OHD concentrations. Injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) induced minor increases in serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D in patients with end-stage renal failure and even in anephric patients, suggesting the existence of an extrarenal PTH-sensitive 1-alpha-hydroxylase. However, the enzyme was stimulated by supraphysiological concentrations of PTH, and therefore not necessarily of importance in the normal regulation of calcium metabolism. PMID- 3485893 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora molmol. AB - The petroleum ether extract of the oleo-gum resin of Commiphora molmol, at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, produced significant inhibition of carrageenan induced inflammation and cotton pellet granuloma. The extract also showed significant antipyretic activity in mice. Further studies on the fractionation of phytoconstituents and their mechanism of action are in progress. PMID- 3485890 TI - Biochemical markers of bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis. Relation to anti inflammatory treatment, sex, and menopause. AB - Bone turnover was determined in 125 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Bone Gla protein (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were used as markers of bone formation. Fasting urinary calcium relative to creatinine (FU Ca/Cr) and fasting urinary hydroxyproline relative to creatinine (FU Hpr/Cr) were used as markers of bone resorption. These variables were compared to the values of two groups of normal controls in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of the osteopenia occurring in patients with RA. When the patients were divided into groups according to treatment (gold salts, penicillamine, or glucocorticoids), serum AP was highly significantly increased in all three groups, whereas serum BGP was below the normal mean. FU Ca/Cr and FU Hpr/Cr were moderately decreased in the groups treated with gold salts or penicillamine, but increased in the glucocorticoid-treated group. When divided according to sex and menopausal state and glucocorticoid treatment versus non-glucocorticoid treatment, there was a balance between bone formation and bone resorption parameters in all groups, except glucocorticoid-treated men and premenopausal women who had increased values of bone resorption parameters. PMID- 3485892 TI - In vivo and in vitro antiinflammatory and immunoregulating properties of streptococcal mitogen: effects on adjuvant disease in the rat, on homograft rejection in the mouse, and on the appearance of Ia antigens on human T lymphocytes. PMID- 3485894 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of some Saudi Arabian medicinal plants. AB - Five plants which have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and gout in the traditional medicine of Saudi Arabia, were evaluated for their anti inflammatory properties. Of these the ethanolic extract of Capparis decidua and the aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa were found to possess significant anti inflammatory activity against carrageenan induced oedema in rats. These two plants were also tested for their antipyretic and analgesic activity. C. decidua was found to possess significant antipyretic effect. Both of them are devoid of analgesic activity. PMID- 3485895 TI - Augmentation of thromboxane production in vitro by polymorphonuclears and macrophages exposed to IL1/LP. AB - Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were stimulated to generate thromboxane upon treatment with highly purified human interleukin 1/leukocytic pyrogen (IL1/LP) at various concentrations. Thromboxane B2 was measured by radioimmunoassay in the cell-free supernatants of cell suspensions after 1 hour incubation at 37 degrees C. Thromboxane B2 amounts increased in a way which depended on the dose of IL1 added to the cell cultures. PMID- 3485896 TI - Induction of guinea pig respiratory airway hyperreactivity by Haemophilus influenzae: role of the histaminergic and cholinergic receptor systems. PMID- 3485897 TI - Angiographic treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage: comparison of vasopressin infusion and embolization. AB - The results of selective intraarterial vasopressin-infusion therapy and embolization therapy were compared in two groups of patients with major gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The site of bleeding, clinical course, complications, and transfusion requirements were evaluated in each group. Intraarterial vasopressin infusion therapy resulted in successful control of hemorrhage in 16 (70%) of 23 patients. Four patients, however, rebled and an operation was necessary, reducing the overall success rate to 52% (12 of 23). In the group treated with embolization therapy, primary success was achieved in 17 (71%) of 24 patients. Four patients in whom initial embolization failed to control bleeding underwent repeat embolization and in all four permanent control of hemorrhage was obtained, producing an overall success rate of 21 (88%) of 24. Analysis of our results according to site of hemorrhage suggests that at certain sites embolization is a preferred method of treatment; embolization allows earlier control of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and a reduction in transfusion requirements. PMID- 3485898 TI - Serial embolizations of an extremity arteriovenous malformation with alcohol via direct percutaneous puncture. PMID- 3485899 TI - Timing of chest film follow-up after transthoracic needle aspiration. AB - Transthoracic needle aspiration of pulmonary lesions is an extremely common procedure. Pneumothorax, the most common complication, is potentially life threatening. In an effort to determine the optimum time for obtaining chest radiographs to detect pneumothorax, all cases of pneumothorax that occurred after transthoracic needle aspiration between 1981 and 1984 were reviewed. During this period, 673 transthoracic-needle-aspiration procedures were performed. Pneumothorax occurred in 160 patients (23.8%), and 78 (11.5%) of these required a chest tube or aspiration. Of the total number of pneumothoraces, 142 (89%) were detected immediately, 15 (9%) were first seen after 1 hr, and only 3 (2%) were first seen on the 4-hr radiograph. Of the pneumothoraces requiring intervention, 69 (88%) were detected immediately while the remainder were first picked up after 1 hr. There were no significant pneumothoraces detected after the 1-hr radiograph. Immediate fluoroscopy and a routine chest radiograph 1-hour postprocedure are recommended. For outpatients 1-hr and 4-hr follow-up radiographs should be taken. PMID- 3485900 TI - Neurologic complications in diabetics after metrizamide lumbar myelography. AB - Recognized risk factors for metrizamide myelography are seizure disorder, seizure threshold-lowering drugs, dehydration, and possibly age. After observing serious neurologic complications in diabetic patients after routine metrizamide myelography, a retrospective study was conducted to determine if diabetes should be considered another independent and important risk factor. Forty-one diabetic patients who had lumbar metrizamide myelograms were compared with a control group of 110 nondiabetic patients. A significantly higher incidence was found of severe vomiting (15% vs. 3%, p less than 0.01) and neurologic complications (20% vs. 2%, p less than 0.001) in the diabetic population. Neurologic complications included one case each of seizure, severe encephalopathy, auditory and visual hallucinations, and prolonged somnolence and four cases of confusion-anxiety. Four of the diabetic patients had major transient elevations of blood pressure. These findings suggest that diabetics are a high-risk population for metrizamide myelography. The dose of metrizamide should be minimized, whenever possible. The new nonionic myelographic agents may prove to be safer in this population, but caution and careful follow-up should be exercised in the initial trials with these patients. PMID- 3485901 TI - Chest case of the day. PMID- 3485903 TI - Neuroradiology case of the day. PMID- 3485902 TI - Musculoskeletal case of the day. PMID- 3485904 TI - Non-Wilms' intravascular masses in childhood. PMID- 3485905 TI - Guide to abdominal abscess drainage. PMID- 3485906 TI - Negative bone scans of joints after aspiration. PMID- 3485907 TI - The metaphyseal lesion in abused infants: a radiologic-histopathologic study. AB - The metaphyseal lesions in abused infants have highly distinctive radiologic characteristics. The so-called "bucket-handle" and "corner" fractures often form the basis for the diagnosis of abuse. However, despite the great familiarity with the radiologic appearances, no systematic histopathologic study of the metaphyseal lesions in abused infants has been carried out. An in-depth study of pre- and postmortem radiologic features combined with histologic analyses of the metaphyses from a group of four abused infants provides new insights into the nature of these peculiar lesions. The basic histologic alteration is a subepiphyseal planar series of microfractures through the most immature portion of metaphyseal bone. This fracture results in the isolation of a mineralized disc or portion of a disc that is identifiable radiographically. Depending upon the size of the injury, the degree of involvement of the periphery of the bone, and the radiographic projection, a bucket-handle lesion, corner fracture, or metaphyseal lucency will result. In some cases, the radiographs may be normal even though there is significant histologic alteration. Although cartilaginous injuries may play a role in infant abuse, none of the specimens examined in this study evidenced injury through the germinal layers of cartilage. On the basis of the findings described here, it is recommended that postmortem analysis of all radiographically suspicious metaphyses be carried out in cases of suspected infant homicide. If there are other clinical or pathologic indications to support abuse, a strong argument can be made for removal of radiologically normal but high-risk metaphyses. Instituting these procedures will require closer cooperation between the radiologist and the medical examiner, but the potential for reducing the number of infant homicides demands this enlightened approach. PMID- 3485908 TI - Estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance by MRI in patients with congenital cardiovascular shunt lesions. AB - The intensity of the magnetic resonance signal in the pulmonary arteries was assessed in 15 patients with congenital left to right shunts and in 10 normal volunteers, using an ECG-gated multislice spin-echo technique. In normal subjects, magnetic resonance signal was only observed in great vessels of the thorax on images acquired near end-diastole; they disappeared in systole. Among the group of 15 patients, 10 had severe pulmonary hypertension (systolic pressures greater than 80 mm Hg) with severe elevation of pulmonary vascular resistances (greater than 787 dynes cm sec-1). The magnetic resonance signal persisted in systole in all 10 patients, and its intensity could be quantitatively assessed. On the other hand, in one other patient with high pulmonary artery pressure but only moderate elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, and in patients with moderate pulmonary hypertension and normal pulmonary vascular resistance, the intravascular signal was minimal and no different from the signal recorded in normal subjects. A direct linear relationship was found between the pulmonary vascular resistance and the intensity of the magnetic resonance signal in the right pulmonary artery during systole (r = 0.84). An even closer correlation was found for the linear relationship between the ratio pulmonary vascular resistance/systemic resistance and the magnetic resonance signal in the right pulmonary artery (r = 0.93). Thus, magnetic resonance, with its sensitivity to slow-flow conditions, can potentially provide physiological information in congenital cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3485909 TI - MRI of reperfused myocardial infarct in dogs. AB - The current study evaluated the capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect acutely injured myocardium in the first 5 hr after a 1-hr period of occlusion followed by reperfusion of the coronary artery and to determine if magnetic relaxation times could be used to differentiate injured from normal myocardium. Fourteen dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary arterial occlusion for 1 hr, followed by reperfusion. Electrocardiographic gated MRI was performed before and during coronary artery occlusion and immediately after reperfusion, and serially up to 5 hr postreperfusion. In all dogs with postmortem evidence of myocardial infarction (n = 7), regional increase of signal intensity was observed in the anterior wall of the left ventricle as early as 30 min after reestablishing blood flow to the jeopardized myocardium. The area of increased signal intensity in the myocardium conformed to the site of myocardial infarction found at autopsy. The signal intensities of the jeopardized myocardium were significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than those of normal myocardium at 30 to 300 min postreperfusion. The T2 (spin-spin) relaxation time was significantly (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.01) prolonged in the region of the reperfused myocardial infarct at 30 min (59.6 +/- 13.1 msec) and remained prolonged up to 300 min (62.6 +/- 12 msec) postreperfusion compared with the T2 of normal myocardium (40.6 +/- 5.2 msec). Of the remaining seven dogs, four developed fatal arrhythmias during the reperfusion procedure and three dogs had no evidence of myocardial infarction at pathologic examination. Signal intensities and T2 relaxation times in these three dogs did not change during the experiment. Thus, acutely infarcted and reperfused myocardium can be detected by in vivo gated MRI, using the spin-echo technique, as early as 30 min after reperfusion. The jeopardized myocardium is characterized by a prolonged T2 relaxation time and, therefore, best visualized on T2-weighted images. PMID- 3485910 TI - MRI of blood flow: correlation of image appearance with spin-echo phase shift and signal intensity. AB - Phase-sensitive imaging was used to correlate signal distribution with phase shift and velocity distribution in spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Flow-dependent, changing intensity patterns that were seen in a constant-flow phantom study were explained by the simultaneous effects of inflow signal enhancement, first-echo dephasing, and outflow signal loss occurring during laminar flow. In clinical studies, first-echo dephasing was shown during laminar flow in the inferior vena cava. Turbulent flow was demonstrated in the descending thoracic aorta during late systolic flow, and turbulent dephasing-rephasing was shown in the abdominal aorta. PMID- 3485911 TI - MRI of congenital abnormalities of the great arteries. AB - ECG-gated MRI was performed at 0.3 T or 1.0 T in 19 patients, aged 6 years to 18 years, for suspected congenital abnormalities of the aorta (13 patients) or pulmonary artery (six patients). Seventeen of the patients were also evaluated by echocardiography, and 14 had angiograms. In 11 patients, MRI demonstrated lesions that echocardiography either failed to visualize or found inconclusive, including supravalvar aortic stenosis (one patient), coarctation of the aorta (three patients) hypoplastic aortic arch (one patient), and pulmonary artery hypoplasia or stenosis (six patients). MRI complemented echocardiographic diagnosis in four patients with Marfan's syndrome and in one with coarctation. One mild recurrent coarctation demonstrated angiographically was not visualized by MRI or echocardiography. The eight other angiographic studies of the aorta confirmed MRI findings. In all six MRI studies of the pulmonary arteries, obstructive lesions were revealed that had not been completely visualized on echocardiography or angiography. MRI is an excellent noninvasive method of depicting congenital abnormalities of the great arteries and may provide otherwise unobtainable information. PMID- 3485912 TI - The diffusion of MRI: patterns of siting and ownership in an era of changing incentives. AB - The rate and pattern of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) siting and ownership are examined in the context of the current turbulent health-care environment. By the end of 1984, 151 MRI units were located at 134 different sites. There was one MRI unit for every 1.55 million Americans. Most of the largest metropolitan areas had at least one unit. Overall, however, the diffusion rate of MRI has lagged behind that of computed tomography (CT). Trends in magnet preference, siting, and ownership are evolving. While the majority of all units are located within hospitals, the diffusion of nonhospital-based MRI units is accelerating. The deployment of hospital-based units is progressing at a slower rate, largely limited to academic institutions and urban centers. Purchase of superconducting and permanent magnets is accelerating, while that of resistive units is decreasing. Likewise, there is a trend toward adoption of intermediate (0.5 T-0.6 T) and large (1.0 T or 1.5 T) magnets. Ownership arrangements are highly varied and characterized by increased efforts at risk-sharing, trends that reflect a more competitive, profit-oriented medical-care environment. An analysis of recent health-policy initiatives and evolving market factors helps to explain some of these observations. Increased cost-consciousness, prospective reimbursement systems, loopholes in current regulations, and increased competition among health care providers are influencing the diffusion of MRI and may herald the fate of other expensive medical technologies in the near future. PMID- 3485913 TI - Bronchopulmonary lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: chest radiograph observations. AB - Ten therapeutic bronchopulmonary lavages were performed in four patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Chest radiographs taken during the lavage procedure showed increased density of the washed lung owing to the presence of instilled lavage saline. Radiographs obtained within the first hours after lavage showed a spectrum of change from minimal improvement to marked worsening compared with prelavage examinations. Subsequent radiographs over the next week showed gradual improvement in the treated lung. By 6 weeks there was moderate to marked improvement of chest radiographs compared with baseline in all cases. PMID- 3485914 TI - Single-contrast vs double-contrast barium enema in the detection of colonic polyps. AB - Radiographic and colonoscopic correlation in 139 patients with 234 colonic polyps compared the sensitivity of single- and double-contrast barium enema. Single contrast barium enema detected 68 (80%) of polyps, with 72% of polyps under 1 cm and 94% of those 1 cm or over detected. Double-contrast barium enema detected 135 (91%) of 149 polyps, with 88% of polyps under 1 cm and 96% of larger polyps detected. Thus, the double-contrast barium enema was more effective than the single-contrast examination only for detection of polyps under 1 cm. The single contrast barium enema was more likely performed on patients in poor physical condition and in those over 70 years old. The results suggest that for elderly patients, who may have difficulty in cooperating for a double-contrast enema, a properly performed single-contrast examination is an acceptable option. PMID- 3485915 TI - Total proximal left main and right coronary artery occlusion with survival. PMID- 3485916 TI - Prevention of ventricular tachycardia induction by introduction of a second extrastimulus. PMID- 3485917 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in congestive heart failure with or without idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3485918 TI - Parameters related to 25-OH-D levels in a population-based study of women. AB - We surveyed calcidiol levels (25-OH-D) in a geographically-defined population of 373 women, ages 20-80 yr to test for an association between occult osteomalacia and excess bone loss. Bone mass was measured by photon densitometry and an estimate of vitamin D was determined by measuring dietary and supplemental intake as well as sunlight exposure equivalent. The relationship of smoking practices, alcohol use, exogenous estrogen use, and medications to calcidiol level was assessed. Calcidiol levels were not associated with bone mass levels observed at two different forearm sites. Low levels of calcidiol, indicative of generalized vitamin D deficiency, were not observed in this population though mean estimates of vitamin D intakes from food 119 +/- 148 IU) or food and supplements (319 +/- 463 IU) were less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (400 IU). Calcidiol was significantly associated with estimates of vitamin D intake from food (r = 0.11), supplement use (r = 0.21), and sunlight equivalent exposure (r = 0.26). Calcidiol levels were negatively related to age (p = 0.0020) and positively related to exogenous estrogen use and premenopausal state independent of age. PMID- 3485919 TI - Electroacupuncture increases ipsilaterally tooth pain threshold in man. AB - The effect of electroacupuncture stimulation applied to a unilateral Ho-ku point on the human tooth pain thresholds was studied by electrically stimulating bilateral canines. In six of ten subjects tested, the tooth pain threshold was elevated ipsilaterally but was unchanged contralaterally during and after the electroacupuncture. In the remaining four, neither the ipsilateral nor the contralateral canine showed any change in the pain threshold by the electroacupuncture. The ipsilateral increase of the tooth pain threshold may be explained by a mechanism by which electroacupuncture stimulation of one Ho-ku point causes various pain suppression centers to release ipsilaterally endogenous opioids. PMID- 3485921 TI - Longitudinal blood pressures in blacks, whites, and Mexican Americans during adolescence and early adulthood. AB - This study, designed to assess the extent blood pressure distributions become divergent between blacks, whites, and Mexican Americans during adolescence and early adulthood, is a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal survey of blood pressures of adolescents in Dallas, Texas. The initial survey was performed on 10,641 eighth grade students in 1976 comprising 92% of the eighth grade population. This population was resurveyed two and four years later. Systolic blood pressures were consistently higher in males than females; diastolic pressures were higher in males after age 15. Between 13 and 18 years, black males had systolic and diastolic pressures that were lower or the same as those of whites and Mexican Americans. At these ages, black males and white males were of similar stature and weight. Black females had systolic pressures that were slightly higher than those of whites and Mexican Americans, whereas diastolic pressures among females showed no consistent ethnic differences. Black females were significantly heavier than either the white or Mexican-American females. The distribution of blood pressure from Dallas youths were consistently lower over all age-ethnic-sex groups than that reported from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. The results of this longitudinal study indicate that no substantial ethnic differences in blood pressures developed between blacks, whites, and Mexican Americans prior to 20 years of age. PMID- 3485922 TI - Sudden hearing loss associated with piroxicam. AB - Tinnitus has been reported with use of piroxicam (Feldene) a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug. Two cases of temporary hearing loss have also been reported. To the best of our knowledge the patient reported herein represents the first case of permanent hearing loss and tinnitus associated with use of the drug. PMID- 3485920 TI - The relationship of blood lead to blood pressure in a longitudinal study of working men. AB - The relationship of lead exposure to blood pressure has been examined in a longitudinal study of a cohort of 89 Boston, Massachusetts, policemen. At the baseline examination, subjects had a blood lead determination and three consecutive blood pressure measurements. Triplicate blood pressure measurements were also taken at years 3, 4, and 5. Multivariate analysis revealed that, after correction for previous systolic blood pressure, body mass index, age, and smoking, a high level of blood lead was a significant predictor of subsequent elevation of systolic pressure. Bootstrap simulations of these models provided supporting evidence for the observed associations. These data suggest that lead exposure can significantly affect systolic pressure. PMID- 3485923 TI - Active K+ absorption by the gastric mucosa: inhibition by omeprazole. AB - Unidirectional fluxes of K+ across the histamine-stimulated frog gastric mucosa bathed in Cl(-)-Ringer were measured. Comparison of nutrient-to-secretory and secretory-to-nutrient K+ fluxes determined using either 42K or 86Rb as radioisotopic tracers gave identical results, and thus either isotope could be used for K+ flux measurements; the majority of these experiments used 86Rb as the tracer. Short-circuited mucosas maintained a small net absorption of 0.07 +/- 0.03 mueq X cm-2 X h-1 (n = 9). Omeprazole decreased acid secretion from 4.98 +/- 0.58 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 mueq X cm-2 X h-1 and reversed the direction of net K+ flux giving a net secretion of 0.09 +/- 0.04 mueq X cm-2 X h-1. Ouabain increased the rate of K+ absorption to 0.32 +/- 0.08 mueq X cm-2 X h-1 with a flux ratio (JKn-- -s/JKs----n) of 0.31 +/- 0.09; subsequent addition of omeprazole significantly decreased the rate of K+ absorption and increased the flux ratio. Omeprazole did not alter the fraction of transmucosal current carried by either K+ or Cl-. For omeprazole inhibited-mucosas at open circuit increasing the secretory osmolarity by 100 mosM with sucrose decreased the transmucosal resistance by 14% and increased nutrient-to-secretory K+ flux by 31%. For actively secreting mucosas no significant changes were seen in either parameter. These results are shown to be consistent with an electroneutral apical H+-K+ exchange pump and diffusion from the gland lumen-to-the secretory fluid, being rate limiting for K+ flux. PMID- 3485925 TI - Effects of NaSCN and omeprazole on resistance and potential of fundus of Rana pipiens. AB - Thiocyanate (SCN) produced a rapid inhibition of acid secretion and a concurrent rapid increase in the transmucosal potential difference (PD) and resistance. After inhibition, resistance rapidly peaked and then decreased. In contrast, omeprazole produced a slow inhibition of secretion and a slow increase in PD and resistance. The peak increase in resistance with SCN was significantly greater than the steady-state increases for both SCN and omeprazole. All increases were significant. The increases in PD and resistance are greater at high H+ rates than at low H+ rates. We postulate that the peak SCN increase in resistance is due to the increase in resistance of the secretory membrane, which is followed by a decrease in resistance of the nutrient membrane. On this basis the omeprazole increase in resistance that occurs concurrently with the slow decrease in the H+ rate is a result of a concurrent change of the resistances of the two opposing membranes. PMID- 3485924 TI - Transport of butyric acid in vascularly perfused anuran small intestine: importance of pH and anion transport. AB - Butyric acid transport was studied in the isolated, vascularly perfused frog small intestine. At luminal butyric acid concentrations of 5-50 mM, absorption was a nonlinear function of the luminal concentration, whereas the relationship of absorption to concentration remained linear at 0-1,000 microM. The most important factor regulating the rate and direction of butyric acid transport was the pH. We used unidirectional flux analysis to determine net transport across the epithelium while the pH of the luminal or vascular compartments was changed. We found a four- to fivefold decrease in butyric acid transport into the portal circulation as the lumen pH was increased from 6.0 to 8.0. The pH of the vascular perfusate influenced the vascular-to-lumen transport of butyric acid in the same proportions. The second important regulatory factor of butyric acid transport was the 4,4'-diisothiocyananostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive anion transport protein. DIDS added to the lumen at 10(-6) M decreased butyric acid transport by approximately 40% at pH 7.4. DIDS also inhibited butyric acid transport when added to the vascular perfusate or when transport was measured in a vascular-to-lumen direction. We suggest that, at the relatively low pH of the proximal small intestine, butyric acid becomes protonated and lipophilic and is mainly transported directly through the cell membrane. At the more alkaline pH of the distal small intestine butyric acid is in the ionized form and transport by the DIDS-sensitive anion transport protein may predominate. PMID- 3485926 TI - A case of mania induced by high-dose fluoxetine treatment. PMID- 3485927 TI - The effect of passive smoking on children's pulmonary function in Shanghai. AB - We report the findings of a cross-sectional study of the relationship between passive smoking and pulmonary function of children in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. The 571 study subjects included 303 males and 268 females, ranging in age from 8 to 16 years, from a primary school and a secondary school at Xu-Hui District. Lung function tests were performed at the schools, and questionnaires were completed by parents. The father's cigarette smoking status during child's lifetime was linearly related to a decrease in the per cent predicted values of FEV1.0, MMEF and FEF 62.5-87.5% in total subjects; in school-girls, father's smoking status accounted for 0.5 per cent, 1.2 per cent, and 1.6 per cent of the total variation, respectively; the trend was less marked in boys. Other environmental factors considered in this study, i.e., educational level of the father, the use of coal or gas for cooking, the presence of patients with chronic respiratory diseases in the family, etc., did not seem to have any important role on the children's pulmonary function. PMID- 3485929 TI - Maternal antibodies to paternal B-lymphocytes in normal and abnormal pregnancy. AB - Sera were obtained prior to conception and during the first trimester of subsequent pregnancies from 22 women over 27 pregnancies; on 15 occasions these pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion, whereas the remaining 12 achieved live normal babies. In only one pregnancy ending in abortion could antibodies directed to paternal B-lymphocytes determined by the EA rosette inhibition (EAI) assay be detected in the mother's serum, whereas five of the 12 successful pregnancies were associated with such detectable antibodies. Cytotoxic antibodies were also found in all but one of these EAI-positive pregnancies and no antibody activity was present in sera obtained from five primigravidae. These results indicated that normal, but not abnormal, pregnancies were often associated with blocking antibody formation, suggesting that such antibodies may protect the fetus from abortion. However, the failure to detect antibody activity in sera from first trimester primigravidae argues against a central role for blocking antibody, alone, in the maintenance of outbred pregnancy. PMID- 3485930 TI - Comparative study of biological properties of proteins synthetised in vitro by murine decidua and deciduoma. AB - Supernatants from short-term in vitro cultures of murine decidual tissue obtained from the uteri of pregnant mice on day 8 postcoitum (decidua, in the presence of paternal antigens) or from pseudopregnant mice (deciduoma, without any histocompatibility antigens were assessed for their regulatory activity; both statuses (physiological and experimental) can only be developed under hormonal conditions. All these supernatants possess no complement inhibitory activity, but they markedly impair the generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and suppress anti sheep red blood cell antibody response. These effects seem essentially located in a single AcA 22 fraction of 60 KD that inhibits CTL, while the plaque-forming cell response is strongly stimulated. Electrophoretic and gel filtration profiles of supernatants from cultures of decidua and deciduoma seem similar. The results suggest that the factors synthetised by decidua or deciduoma are the same and are not induced by exposure to foreign histocompatibility antigens of the fetus. According to these results, it seems likely that decidualization represents a localized general mechanism that can be induced, under a particular hormonal background, by different stimuli (trauma) rather than being a specific response to a particular signal (blastocyst). PMID- 3485931 TI - Lasers and the surgeon. AB - The evolution of laser technology in medicine has progressed rapidly over the past 25 years, and these devices are widely used in surgical treatment today. Three different types of lasers are predominantly used: the carbon dioxide, argon ion, and neodymium-YAG instruments. Each operates on similar principles but because of the different wavelengths of light emitted, their applications differ. However, by and large, all of them utilize thermal energy generated by light and tissue interactions. Recently, the combination of an argon ion and a dye laser used with photosensitizing drugs has shown promise in the treatment of cancers, and this represents a nonthermal application of laser technology. In order to use lasers effectively, a knowledge of the specific laser and tissue properties is essential. In the future, lasers will be used not only as thermal scalpels but also as instruments than can provide a very precise delivery of energy to parts of the body that are otherwise inaccessible without operation. The use of photodynamic therapy will provide a mechanism of selectively destroying tumors while leaving normal tissues intact. PMID- 3485928 TI - Risk factors for drug use among adolescents: concurrent and longitudinal analyses. AB - We examined the concurrent and longitudinal associations between risk factors and substance use for a sample of high school students. Ten risk factors were defined that assessed numerous important personal and social areas of life. These factors were found to be associated with ever using, frequency of use, and heavy use of cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, and hard drugs. Few effects were noted for nonprescription medication. No sex differences were evident for number of risk factors. Finally, the number of different risk factors was predictive of increases in use of all types of substances over a one-year period, after controlling for initial level of use. PMID- 3485932 TI - Aminoglycoside ototoxicity. AB - The author participated in two prospective studies of patients receiving aminoglycoside antibiotics. In the first study, 54 patients received amikacin, and 54 received gentamicin. In the second study, 61 patients received gentamicin, 50 received netilmicin, and 52 received tobramycin. The studies were randomized and the investigator was blinded when evaluating auditory and vestibular toxicity and nephrotoxicity. All patients had pure tone audiometric evaluations, and two thirds of the patients had vestibular function tests consisting of an electronystagmogram performed with 30 degrees C and 44 degrees C water. Nephrotoxicity was measured by changes in serum creatinine levels. The incidence of gentamicin toxicity in the first study was 11 per cent, and it was 18 per cent in the second study. Amikacin was ototoxic 12.9 per cent of the time, whereas the incidence of tobramycin ototoxicity was 11.5 per cent, and the incidence of netilmicin ototoxicity was 2 per cent. Cases of unilateral, delayed-onset, and reversible auditory and vestibular toxicities were seen in all drug treatment groups. Nephrotoxicity was rare with amikacin usage. Gentamicin, on the other hand, produced a 18.6 per cent, tobramycin a 25 per cent, and netilmicin a 21.3 per cent rate of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3485933 TI - Allergen-specific IgE antibodies against antigenic components in cow milk and milk substitutes. AB - Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) was used to study the presence of serum IgE against antigenic components of cow milk in 21 selected milk-allergic patients. The amount of each IgE specificity was estimated by a scoring system. The milk-allergic children had mainly IgE against alpha-lactalbumin, beta lactoglobulin, albumin and immunoglobulin, the four major proteins of bovine whey, as well as IgE against three casein components. A serum pool from 1000 normal adults had IgE against the same whey protein, but in smaller amounts, and no IgE against the casein components. Eight cow milk-based formulae, commonly used for infant feeding, and goat milk were studied by the same method. It was found that six of the milk substitutes did not differ significantly from cow milk in antibody binding, but the two hydrolysed casein products, Nutramigen and Pregestimil, consisted of such small molecules that the rabbit antisera could not precipitate the hydrolysed proteins in the gels on the CRIE plates. It was therefore not possible to study their IgE binding, if any, by this method. PMID- 3485934 TI - Eclampsia and haemorrhage in a Jehovah's Witness. PMID- 3485935 TI - [Coronary circulation, myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial metabolism during enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in coronary patients]. AB - The effects of enflurane on myocardial oxygen consumption, metabolism and coronary blood flow (argon washin) were studied in 10 patients with 2- or 3 vessel coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. All patients were men with stable angina and normal left ventricular function and were on maintenance doses of beta-receptor- or calcium-antagonists. Anaesthesia consisted of enflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Measurements were performed and blood samples were taken with the patient awake, 30 min after induction of anaesthesia without any surgical stimulation and during sternotomy. End-tidal enflurane concentrations averaged 0.9% after induction and 2.5% during sternotomy. Enflurane decreased coronary blood flow significantly by 36% after induction, while sternotomy increased coronary blood flow by 29%. Myocardial oxygen uptake was decreased by 33% and was increased by 37% during sternotomy. Coronary vascular resistance did not change significantly during the entire observation period, while coronary sinus oxygen saturation significantly increased after induction by 20% followed by a decrease to preinduction levels during sternotomy. Myocardial glucose, free fatty acids, lactate and pyruvate uptake were significantly reduced after induction and increased to preinduction levels during sternotomy. Myocardial lactate production could not be demonstrated at any time during the observation period. PMID- 3485936 TI - Explanted and implanted notochord of amphibian anuran embryos. Histofluorescence study on the ability to synthesize catecholamines. AB - The notochord of amphibian anuran embryos contains catecholamines during the early developmental stages. In order to determine if these catecholamines are synthesized in situ, the development of their specific histofluorescence was investigated in the notochord alone or the notochord combined with the lateral somitic mesoderm, both explanted at the neurula stage and cultivated in vitro or implanted into the ventral part of early neurulae endoderm. The histofluorescence evolution, on the other hand, was investigated in the notochord alone or combined with myotomes, both explanted after the beginning of catecholamine biosynthesis and cultivated in vitro for one hour, in order to determine the effect of explantation and culture on the accumulation of notochordal catecholamines. The comparative study of catecholamine histofluorescence in these different samples shows that: the notochord is able to perform, on its own, the entire biosynthesis of the catecholamines stored in it during the early developmental stages. The catecholamines generated from isolated notochords tend to diffuse into the culture medium, probably due to a deficiency in the vesicular storage system usually found in the catecholamine-synthesizing cells. This loss of catecholamines in vitro can be obviated by the presence round the notochord of any embryonal tissue (somitic mesoderm, endoderm). PMID- 3485938 TI - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: alternative managements. PMID- 3485939 TI - Pancuronium and myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3485937 TI - Esmolol attenuates hemodynamic responses during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - We evaluated the effects of esmolol, a short acting (t1/2 beta = 9 min) beta blocker on hemodynamics during noxious stimulation associated with aortocoronary bypass surgery. Group E (n = 10) and P (n = 10) patients had their morning dose of beta- or calcium blockers withheld except for nifedipine, and were given infusions of esmolol (E) or placebo (P) beginning prior to anesthetic induction and continuing until mediastinal dissection. Group S (n = 10) patients received their usual medication the morning of surgery and received neither esmolol nor placebo. All patients received fentanyl infusions for anesthesia and pancuronium for relaxation. Esmolol patients had no changes in heart rate throughout the study. In contrast, significant increases in heart rate occurred during induction, intubation, and surgical stimulation in Groups P and S. Esmolol patients had a statistically significant but transient increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) after intubation, which did not require treatment. There were no significant changes in PCWP in Group S and a decrease in PCWP in Group P patients. We conclude that esmolol was effective in attenuating potentially deleterious responses to noxious stimulation during fentanyl pancuronium anesthesia. PMID- 3485940 TI - Elective coronary bypass surgery without pulmonary artery catheter monitoring. PMID- 3485941 TI - [Effectiveness of electroacupuncture in combined analgesia in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3485942 TI - Digestion of bentiromide and absorption of xylose in healthy cats and absorption of xylose in cats with infiltrative intestinal disease. AB - The digestion of bentiromide and the absorption of D-xylose was measured in 17 clinically healthy cats. The plasma xylose concentrations of the healthy cats were compared with values from 9 cats with diffuse infiltrative intestinal disease. The cats were administered 16.7 mg of bentiromide/kg and 0.5 g of xylose/kg via a stomach tube. Plasma samples were obtained before administration and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. The maximum mean plasma p aminobenzoic acid concentration occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 386 +/- 134 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD). The maximum mean plasma xylose concentration also occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 26.0 +/- 9.2 mg/dl. Plasma concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid and xylose were lower in healthy cats than those reported for healthy dogs. There was no significant difference between xylose concentrations in healthy cats and cats with infiltrative intestinal disease. PMID- 3485943 TI - Effect of cortisol in vitro and in vivo on production of bovine interleukin 2. AB - The influence of cortisol in vitro and in vivo on lymphocyte proliferative responses and interleukin 2 (IL2) production was evaluated in Hereford feeder calves. Cortisol, added to bovine mononuclear cell cultures, reduced (P less than 0.05) mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferative responses and IL2 production. Lower IL2 activity from cortisol-treated cell cultures was not caused by a cortisol-mediated cytotoxicity or a residual cortisol effect on the IL2-indicator cell line. Calves given ACTH (1.0 IU/kg of body weight, IM) twice daily for 2 days had increased (P less than 0.001) plasma cortisol concentrations when compared with those of saline-treated controls. Leukocytosis (P less than 0.002), characterized mainly by a neutrophilia (P less than 0.007), was evident in ACTH treated calves. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to the phytomitogens, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed mitogen were decreased (P less than 0.05) in calves with increased plasma cortisol concentrations. Interleukin 2 production was lower (P less than 0.05) in concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte cultures from ACTH-treated calves. Seemingly, lower lymphocyte proliferative responses in cortisol-treated mononuclear cell cultures and in ACTH-treated calves were caused partly by lower IL2 production. PMID- 3485944 TI - Sputum induction in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3485945 TI - The usefulness of induced sputum in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Thirty-two patients with or suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were evaluated for opportunistic lung infection using examination of sputum induced by inhalation of 3% saline. The specimens obtained were stained with Giemsa stain and examined for Pneumocystis carinii. Smears of sputum were also appropriately stained and examined for acid-fast organisms and fungi, as well as cultured for these organisms. Patients whose sputum did not contain P. carinii had bronchoscopy within 24 h of sputum induction. Twenty-five of the 32 patients were ultimately determined to have P. carinii pneumonia. Of these, 14 were detected by examination of sputum (sensitivity, 56%). Of 18 patients whose sputum did not contain P. carinii, 11 had the organism detected in specimens obtained by bronchoscopy (negative predictive value, 39%). There were no clinical features that identified patients more likely to have a positive sputum examination. No additional treatable lung pathogens appeared to be missed by sputum examination. In this select population, examination of induced sputum establishes the diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia in a significant proportion of patients, thereby decreasing the need for more invasive procedures. PMID- 3485947 TI - Biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium fortuitum. Presence of beta-lactamase and aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and possible participation of altered drug transport on the resistance mechanism. AB - Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from specimens of bone marrow from a patient with chronic osteomyelitis. This isolate was resistant to most antimycobacterial drugs, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactam antibiotics. Cell-free extracts from the clinical isolate contained an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and beta lactamase. On the basis of substrate specificity, the former enzyme was identified as the acetyltransferase (3), subtype III or IV. However, no positive correlation could be observed between resistance levels (minimal inhibitory concentrations) and the degree of inactivation of aminoglycosides. In vitro, the enzyme reaction required 40 to 60 min to completely inactivate kanamycin. Protein synthesis by ribosomes prepared from this clinical isolate was inhibited by one tenth the concentration of aminoglycosides required to inhibit growth of whole cells. These results suggest that some crypticity factor(s), such as the decreased permeability of drugs, may participate in the intrinsic resistance of the organism. PMID- 3485948 TI - [Measurement of local cerebral blood flow with gamma emission tomography: normal values and quantified criteria for interpretation]. PMID- 3485950 TI - The repertoire of naturally activated B cells suggests the functionality of the idiotypic network. PMID- 3485946 TI - Characterization of inflammatory mediator release from purified human lung mast cells. AB - The release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, PGD2, TxB2, and LTC4) from purified human lung mast cells was characterized by kinetic and anti-IgE dose response parameters. The relative rate of mediator release was histamine greater than PGD2 = TxB2 greater than LTC4, with one half maximal release occurring at approximately 2, 5, and 10 min, respectively. In 2 experiments, stimulation with anti-IgE caused significant quantities of platelet-activating factor (PAF) to appear rapidly (2 min) in the cell pellet; cell-associated PAF declined to low levels by 45 min. The optimal concentration of anti-IgE for the release of the arachidonate cyclooxygenase metabolites PGD2 and TxB2 (0.3 microgram/ml) was 10- to 30-fold less than that required for the release of histamine and LTC4 (3 to 10 micrograms/ml), suggesting that these release processes may have differential IgE Fc receptor cross-linking requirements. At optimal histamine release, the magnitude of the release of each arachidonate metabolite was found to correspond to the magnitude of histamine release, however, suggesting that the 2 processes are linked either in series or in parallel. PMID- 3485949 TI - Functional idiotype networks during B-cell ontogeny. PMID- 3485951 TI - Questions related to a functional idiotype-network. PMID- 3485952 TI - Cerebral mapping of apraxia in Alzheimer's disease by positron emission tomography. AB - The ability to mimic skilled movements or to pantomime them in response to spoken command was compared with psychometric performance and with regional glucose utilization as estimated by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in 17 right-handed patients with Alzheimer's disease and 6 age-matched normal subjects. Apraxia scores, both on tests to command and to imitation, were significantly lower in the Alzheimer patients. Imitation scores correlated best with performance on tests of visual--spatial ability and with cortical metabolism in the right parietal lobe; command scores related most closely with the results of tests reflecting verbal proficiency and with cortical metabolism in the left inferior hemisphere, especially frontally. Apraxia to command and imitation may thus reflect neuronal dysfunction in distinct cerebral regions in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3485953 TI - Effect of thymectomy on blood T-cell subsets in myasthenia gravis. AB - We studied peripheral blood mononuclear T-cell subsets in 23 patients with myasthenia gravis who had undergone thymectomy at least one year before study. An increase in the T4+/T8+ (helper-inducer/suppressor-cytotoxic cell) ratio was seen, similar to that previously reported in nonthymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis. Six patients were studied before and after thymectomy and no consistent alteration in the pattern of T-cell subsets was detected. We were not able to demonstrate a quantitative effect of thymectomy on peripheral blood mononuclear T-cell subsets in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3485954 TI - Etiology and expression of schizophrenia: neurobiological and psychosocial factors. PMID- 3485955 TI - Genetic studies of Pangwalas, Transhumant and Settled Gaddis. 4. Colour blindness, mid-phalangeal hair, ear lobe attachment and behavioural traits. AB - Frequency distributions of colour blindness, midphalangeal hair, ear lobe attachment, hand clasping, arm folding, leg folding and handedness are reported for different population groups from Himachal Pradesh, North India, namely Pangwalas, Transhumant Gaddis (Brahmans, Rajputs and Scheduled Castes) and Settled Gaddis (Brahmans, Rajputs and Schedules Castes). An attempt has been made to compare the results of the present study within and between these groups as well as with the results of other reports from different population groups of India and Asia. PMID- 3485956 TI - Immunological and chemical properties of mouse alpha 1-protease inhibitors. AB - We previously described the isolation and purification of two similar alpha 1 protease inhibitors from mouse plasma termed alpha 1-PI(E) and alpha 1-PI(T) because of their respective affinities for elastase and trypsin. Some of the biochemical and immunological properties of these proteins are reported. Both are acidic glycoproteins with pI's of 4.1-4.2. The plasma half-life of each inhibitor, determined after administration of the 125I-protein, is approximately 4 h both in normal mice and in mice after induction of the acute phase reaction. The two proteins have almost identical amino acid compositions and similar CNBr peptide maps. Tryptic maps, however, are considerably different. Reverse-phase chromatography separated alpha 1-PI(E) into three distinct isoforms, each eluting with approximately 60% acetonitrile. Under these conditions alpha 1-PI(T) shows a single peak, clearly different from those of alpha 1-PI(E). The three alpha 1 PI(E) isoforms have the same molecular weights on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and the same tripeptide sequence at their N-terminus, and appear to be immunologically identical. Polyclonal, monospecific antibodies to each native inhibitor, prepared in rabbits, showed no cross-reactivity when tested by functional assay or crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Interestingly, each antibody recognized epitopes on the C-terminal portion of its respective antigen. These studies confirm that alpha 1-PI(E) and alpha 1-PI(T), although highly similar, are products of different genes. Like human alpha 1-PI, the two mouse inhibitors are partially inactivated by mild oxidation with chloramine-T, losing all elastase inhibitor and lesser amounts of antichymotryptic and antitryptic activity. However, unlike the human protein, neither alpha 1-PI(E) nor alpha 1 PI(T) was found to have a methionine residue at its P1 site. PMID- 3485957 TI - A new membrane-bound b-type cytochrome, cytochrome b-558, from photosynthetically grown Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - A new membrane-bound b-type cytochrome, cytochrome b-558, was removed from chromatophore membranes of photosynthetically grown Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain R-26 by deoxycholate-cholate extraction. The cytochrome was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. Cytochrome b-558 had absorption maxima at 280 and 405 nm in the oxidized form, and at 558, 528, and 420 nm in the reduced form. It had a midpoint potential of--130 mV at pH 7.0. The minimal molecular weight of this protein was 42,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it contained one mole heme per mole of protein. The isoelectric point was 8.5. The electrophoretic pattern of heme carrying proteins and the redox potentiometry showed that cytochrome b-558 was present in membranes from wild type, strain R-26, and strain GA grown photosynthetically, but not from any strain grown aerobically. PMID- 3485958 TI - [Emergenec of low-mobility lymphocytes in the tumor-bearing status and its immunological significance]. AB - The immunological significance of the lymphocyte mobility histogram derived from a fully automated cell electrophoretic instrument (Parmoquant-L), was considered. In mouse lymphocytes, the ratio of medullary thymocytes increased as a result of a decrease in the proportion of cortical thymocytes, whereas the ratio of splenocytes in the low-mobility zone (0.85-0.95 micron/sec/V/cm) increased in the course of tumor growth or in vivo concanavalin A-treatment. In the peripheral lymphocytes of cancer patients, the decreased ratio of high-mobility T cells resulted in a gradual increase in that of low-mobility T cells, which were not seen in lymphocytes modified by the patient's serum. Although the formation of blastoid cells by stimulation of the tumor or mitogen cannot be completely denied, the low-mobility T cells of peripheral lymphoid tissues in the tumor bearing status are considered to be caused by incomplete differentiation of the cells, in which immunosuppressor cells are involved. Pattern analysis of lymphocyte electrophoresis would be a simple method if fully automated instrumentation was used. PMID- 3485959 TI - Overlap connective tissue syndromes. AB - Twenty six children with overlapping features of more than one connective tissue disorder are reported. The median age of onset was 9.5 years and median duration of follow up 7.5 years. Common presenting symptoms included arthritis, tenosynovitis. Raynaud's phenomenon, myositis, and rashes. At follow up 14 patients had developed sclerodermatous skin changes, but significant systemic involvement was uncommon. Only 16 of the 26 cases had antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein; therefore, 10 did not satisfy criteria for mixed connective tissue disease. It was not possible to differentiate clinical patterns by the presence or absence of any particular antibody profile. PMID- 3485960 TI - Stimulation of wound healing by epidermal growth factor. A dose-dependent effect. AB - This work was undertaken to study the effects of various doses of locally applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on developing granulation tissue in rats. Cylindrical hollow sponge implants were used as an inductive matrix for the growth of granulation tissue. In the test groups, the implants were injected daily with a solution containing 0.2, 1, or 5 micrograms of EGF in 0.1% albumin while the implants of the control group were treated correspondingly with the carrier solution only. Analyses of granulation tissue in the sponge cylinders were carried out 7 days after implantation. A stimulatory, dose-dependent effect of EGF on granulation tissue formation was observed: cellularity increased, as evidenced by the elevated amounts of nucleic acids, and accumulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycans was enhanced. PMID- 3485961 TI - Concomitant coronary and cerebral revascularization under cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The question as to whether a staged or a combined surgical approach is safer in the management of patients with coexistent coronary and extracranial cerebrovascular disease has been widely investigated and debated. Advances in myocardial protection techniques have reduced cardiac morbidity and mortality and have rendered a combined approach as safe as a staged approach, if not safer. There have been no similar advances in cerebral protection, particularly for high risk patients with bilateral disease. In this series, 32 consecutive patients with coexistent advanced coronary and extracranial vascular disease underwent cerebral and coronary revascularization that used the combined approach. Cerebral revascularization was performed under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on 30 of these patients. There was no operative mortality, no hematoma formation, and no reoperation. Blood loss, length of hospital stay, and total cost were similar to those for isolated coronary bypass procedures. PMID- 3485962 TI - Effects of calcium channel blockers on sinoatrial conduction in the isolated and blood-perfused dog atrium. AB - Our previous study demonstrated that class I antiarrhythmics (fast sodium channel blockers) increased sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) in a dose-related fashion, indicating that a fast sodium current might play an important role in sinoatrial conduction. To assess a role of a slow calcium current in sinoatrial conduction, we examined effects of calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, AQ-A 39, dilazep and bepridil) on SACT estimated by the constant atrial pacing in addition to on sinus cycle length (SCL) and on atrial developed tension (DT), using the isolated and blood-perfused dog right atrium. These calcium entry blockers except for bepridil were administered into the cannulated sinus node artery at an infusion rate of 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 micrograms/min and bepridil at a rate of 0.6, 1.2 and 3.0 micrograms/min. The calcium antagonistic agents produced a dose dependent decrease in DT and increase in SCL. The observed order of depression of inotropism was verapamil greater than diltiazem greater than bepridil = dilazep greater than AQ-A 39, while the order of negative chronotropism was diltiazem greater than verapamil greater than AQ-A 39 greater than dilazep greater than bepridil. However, as to dromotropism none of the five drugs exerted significant influences on SACT. From the previous and present results it is concluded that the fast sodium current may be predominantly important in sinoatrial conduction. PMID- 3485963 TI - Effects of bepridil and nifedipine on regional myocardial contractility during ischaemia in anaesthetized dogs. AB - Subtotal reduction (60%-70%) of blood flow in the circumflex artery in anaesthetized open-chest dogs caused a long-lasting increase (222%) in coronary vascular resistance and stable changes in myocardial segmental contractility (% delta L), as measured by the method of piezoelectric crystals. % delta L increased by 31.2% in the healthy zone while hypokinesia occurred in the moderately ischaemic zone (-50.8%). In the severely ischaemic zone there was a paradoxical lengthening (bulge or dyskinesia) of 7.3% during systole. Bepridil (2.5 mg.kg-1, IV) decreased heart rate (-15.6%) and systolic (-20.8%) and diastolic (-31.6%) blood pressure, and increased total coronary blood flow (+40.7%). % delta L was increased in the healthy zone (+20.4%) and in the moderately ischaemic zone (+48.2%). Bepridil completely inhibited the bulge in the severely ischaemic zone. Nifedipine (0.02 mg.kg-1, IV) greatly reduced systolic (-31.3%) and diastolic (-40.7%) blood pressure as well as coronary blood flow (-30.4%), without changing heart rate. A delayed increase in % delta L occurred in the healthy zone (+8.4%) and in the moderately ischaemic zone (+38.5%). In the severely ischaemic zone, there was no improvement of the bulge. The observed differences in contractility between the two calcium antagonists are discussed in terms of their haemodynamic differences. Improvement of myocardial segmental contractility, if it occurred, may have been due to bradycardia, slight decrease in contractility, as measured by LV dP/dt max/P, increased total coronary blood flow, decreased afterload, so long as it was not too great, and anti-ischaemic properties of the compound. PMID- 3485966 TI - Clinical signs of AIDS. PMID- 3485964 TI - The conundrum of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 3485965 TI - Adult meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae serotype f, biotype I. AB - Meningitis and septicemia developed in an adult patient as a complication of otitis media. The rare etiologic agent responsible for the infection was identified as Hemophilus influenzae serotype f, biotype I. With appropriate therapy, complete recovery was achieved without complications or relapse. PMID- 3485967 TI - Immunological analyses of U.S. Space Shuttle crewmembers. AB - We have previously reported changes in the immunoresponsiveness of "T" lymphocytes following space flight. Additional data collected before and after 11 Shuttle space flights show that absolute lymphocyte numbers, lymphocyte blastogenic capability, and eosinophil percent in the peripheral blood of crewmembers are generally depressed postflight. These responses resemble those associated with physical and emotional stress and may not be related to flight per se. Additional data from Space Shuttle flights 41B and 41D, involving 11 crewmembers, indicate a postflight decrease in cells reacting with "B" lymphocyte and monocyte monoclonal antibody tags. Further, the loss of "T" lymphocyte blast capability interacts with the decreased monocyte count (correlation coefficient = 0.697). This finding implies that the previously reported loss of blastogenic capability may be a function of decreased monocyte control, as noted in several non-spaceflight related studies. PMID- 3485968 TI - The effective intensity of Coriolis, cross-coupling stimulation is gravitoinertial force dependent: implications for space motion sickness. AB - Coriolis, cross-coupled angular acceleration stimulation readily induces motion sickness under terrestrial conditions. Nevertheless, the Skylab astronauts, when tested with such stimulation in-flight, were insusceptible even though each had been susceptible pre-flight. It is unclear whether this decreased susceptibility was the consequence of in-flight adaptation or in part the result of immediate changes in sensory-motor and vestibulo-motor function that occur during exposure to microgravity conditions. To evaluate this issue, we have tested individuals both in the high and low force phases of parabolic flight maneuvers using constant levels of Coriolis, cross-coupled stimulation. Our findings indicate that 1.) subjects are less susceptible when tested in 0 G than +2 Gz; 2.) the perceived intensity and provocativeness of Coriolis stimulation decreases in 0 G and increases in +2 Gz relative to +1 Gz baseline values; and 3.) changes in the apparent intensity of Coriolis stimulation occur virtually immediately when background gravitoinertial force level is varied. These findings explain in large part why the Skylab astronauts were refractory to motion sickness during Coriolis stimulation in-flight. The general implications for space motion sickness are discussed. PMID- 3485970 TI - Structural changes during contraction in vertebrate skeletal muscle as studied by time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique. AB - To obtain information about the structural changes in vertebrate skeletal muscle during contraction, time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies were performed on the intensity changes of the 59 A and 51 A actin layer lines from bullfrog sartorius muscle during the isometric force development, and the intensity changes of the 143 A and 215 A myosin meridional reflections and of the 1.0 and 1.1 equatorial reflections when isometrically contracting muscle was subjected to sinusoidal length changes (1%, 5-10 Hz) with the following results. The integrated intensities of the 59 A and 51 A actin layer lines increased during the force development by 30-50% for the 59 A reflection, and by about 70% for the 51 A reflection compared to their respective resting values. These intensity changes were greater than those taking place during the transition from rest to rigor state, and observed to precede the intensity changes of the 429 A myosin off meridional reflection and of equatorial reflections. When sinusoidal length changes were applied to the muscle generating steady isometric force, the resulting periodic intensity changes in the 1.0 and 1.1 equatorial reflections were in phase and in antiphase with the length changes respectively. On the other hand, the 143 A myosin reflection exhibited a characteristic periodic changes; its intensity reached a maximum at each boundary between the stretch and release phases of the length changes. These results are discussed in connection with the behaviour of the cross-bridges during contraction. PMID- 3485969 TI - Sudden emesis following parabolic flight maneuvers: implications for space motion sickness. AB - Episodes of emesis unaccompanied by the usual prodromal signs of motion sickness have been reported by astronauts in the space shuttle program (10). Such reports have raised the issue whether space motion sickness has different characteristics from terrestrial motion sickness. We present evidence here from parabolic flight experiments that sudden vomiting can occur in response to a provocative vestibular stimulus even when no premonitory symptoms are being experienced. Accordingly, in chronic exposure conditions, the absence of prominent signs or symptoms of motion sickness does not necessarily mean an absence of sensitization. PMID- 3485971 TI - On the metabolic basis of pseudopotentiation and superposition in the frog myocardium. AB - Potentiation phenomena, tetanization and staircase of isolated surviving ventricle strips excised from hearts of 16 frogs (Rana esculenta) were studied under quasiisometric conditions. Pseudopotentiation of all kind, biphasic staircases and superposition of contractions characterizing the hypodynamic state following excision disappear in-vitro not only during normodynamic conditions but also in hypodynamia following in-vitro normodynamia. PMID- 3485972 TI - Laser diffraction and speckling studies in skeletal and heart muscle. AB - The optical setup including a low power helium-neon laser as well as microcomputer system based U 880 for on line investigation of laser diffraction and scattering in skeletal and heart muscle is described. Frog muscle single fibres yield excellent laser diffraction patterns which are best adapted to measurements of the sarcomere dynamics. In the presence of 6 mM caffeine the diffraction disappears gradually and a moving speckle pattern occurs. Diffraction and speckle phenomena are compared of skeletal and heart muscle preparations. From autocorrelation and Fourier transformation of intensity fluctuations ("speckling") in resting mammalian cardiac muscle tissue results a favoured frequency of 1 Hz. It is supposed that clusters of sarcomeres move rhythmically but independent from each other as long as the preparation is not stimulated repetitively. PMID- 3485973 TI - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) rapidly induces phosphorylation of a cellular protein, pp67, in an IL-2 dependent murine cell line. AB - We have investigated interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced protein phosphorylation in an IL-2 dependent murine cell line by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. IL-2 rapidly and markedly induced phosphorylation of a cellular protein distinct from the IL-2 receptor, with a molecular weight of 67,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 5.8, named pp67. IL-2 dose-responses of pp67 phosphorylation and cell proliferation were well correlated. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that the phosphorylation site of pp67 was a serine residue. Further, when the cells were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) instead of IL-2, similar increase of pp67 phosphorylation was observed. Such IL-2 dependent protein phosphorylation was also detected in various human IL-2 receptor bearing T cells. Thus we speculate that the phosphorylation of pp67 could be regulated by protein kinase C and it could be a common feature in an early event of the intracellular growth signaling from the IL-2 receptor. PMID- 3485974 TI - 31P-NMR spectra of the Ha-ras p21.nucleotide complexes. AB - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the Ha-ras oncogene product p21 and its nucleotide complexes have been obtained. It is shown that the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a number of nucleotide-enzyme complexes show some common features. In particular, the chemical shift values of the beta-phosphorus resonance of enzyme-bound NTP and NDP (N = A, G) of hydrolases exhibit a downfield shift virtually identical for myosin, elongation factor Tu, and the Ha ras oncogene product p21. This suggests that the stereochemistry around the beta phosphorus might be similar in these compounds. PMID- 3485975 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate enhances Ca2+-sensitivity of the contractile mechanism of chemically skinned rabbit skeletal muscle fibres. AB - The possibility that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate may also act on subcellular structures different from membraneous compartments has been examined using chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibres. At about 1 to 25 microM IP3 reversibly enhanced isometric steady-state force production of these preparations at free Ca2+ concentrations corresponding to submaximum activation in a concentration dependent manner. The maximum Ca2+-induced tension was not altered by IP3. These results show that IP3 can modulate the apparent Ca2+-sensitivity of the contractile mechanism. They suggest a new modulatory function of IP3 in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3485976 TI - Separation of recombinant human interleukin-2 and methionyl interleukin-2 produced in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli harboring the gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced methionyl IL-2 (Met-IL-2) having an additional methionine residue at the amino terminus as well as IL-2 starting with the amino terminal alanine. IL-2 and Met-IL-2 were copurified from a cell-free extract. It was difficult to separate these two molecular species from each other because of the similarities of their physico-chemical characteristics. We found that the isoelectric points of IL-2 and Met-IL-2 were slightly but significantly different and succeeded in separating these two molecular species by utilizing the difference of their isoelectric points. The isoelectric points of IL-2 and Met-IL-2 thus obtained were determined to be 7.7 and 7.5, respectively. The in vitro specific activities of these two species were the same and similar to that of natural human IL-2 derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3485977 TI - Characterization of beta-lactamase from Mycobacterium butyricum ATCC 19979. AB - beta-lactamase has been purified to a homogeneous state from Mycobacterium butyricum ATCC 19979. The molecular weight (Mr = 29,000) and the isoelectric point (4,0) of the enzyme have been determined. The enzyme showed both penicillinase and cephalosporinase activity, but had relatively more of the former. With respect to substrate-profile the enzyme resembled the plasmid specified TEM-type beta-lactamases commonly encountered in Gram-negative bacteria. The enzyme was insensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoate, sodium chloride, or iodine inhibition. PMID- 3485978 TI - Changes of fluorescence spectra of 2'-deoxyadenosine in aqueous solution by radiation. AB - Aqueous solution of 2'-deoxyadenosine (5 X 10(-4) M, buffered at pH 7.0) was irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays under N2, O2, N2O and t-BuOH-N2 atmospheres in order to compare with adenine radiolysis previously reported. By exposure to radiation, the fluorescence was found to increase more markedly than that from adenine under all conditions of radiolysis. This result indicates that not only base moiety but also sugar moiety participate in the formation of highly fluorescent products. In this 2'-deoxyadenosine radiolysis, both OH and e-aq take part in the formation of such products, but OH predominates over over e-aq when both active species are present, as observed in adenine radiolysis. PMID- 3485979 TI - Genetic differences in inhibition of 2-aminofluorene N-acetyltransferase activity between C57BL/6J and A/J mice. PMID- 3485980 TI - Scientific abstracts: 50th annual meeting, American Rheumatism Association; 21st annual meeting, Arthritis Health Professions Association. June 3-7, 1986, New Orleans, Louisiana. PMID- 3485981 TI - [Cerebral blood flow studies using N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine in cerebral ischemic lesions]. AB - Eighteen patients were studied for cerebral blood perfusion abnormalities using N isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and rotating dual gamma camera emission computed tomography (ECT). All were stroke patients, 10 with cerebral vasospasm after an aneurysmal rupture, 3 with an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, 2 with an occlusion of the internal carotid artery (IC), one with an IC stenosis, one with Moyamoya disease and one with RIND. Four patients had extracranial intracranial (EC-IC) bypass operations. In three of them, CBF studies were done before and after bypass surgery. An arterial line was placed in the left radial artery and connected to a Harvard pump. IMP (1.5-3 mCi) was injected into an arm vein while at the same time an arterial blood sample was withdrawn at a constant speed for 5 minutes. Scanning was started 35 minutes after IMP injection. After a scan, multiple transverse, coronal and sagittal section images were reconstructed with a minicomputer. We determined the values of regional CBF in the regions of interest using an image. Transmission computed tomography (CT) studies were performed on the same day. In eight patients, CBF study by 133Xe inhalation method (NOVO cerebrograph) was done. ECT showed diffuse low perfusion in two patients and focal low perfusion in 16 patients while CT showed abnormalities in 9 patients (50%). ECT abnormalities were more extensive than CT abnormalities. The values of rCBF in the superficial brain determined by ECT were similar to those examined by the inhalation method (ISI). Significant increase in rCBF was observed after the bypass operations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3485982 TI - [Morphological changes of the thymus and spleen with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats]. AB - Nervous and immune systems are thought to have an important role in host defence mechanism. Recent reports have suggested the presence of common antigens between nervous and immune systems. In this paper, we described the interactions between nervous and immune systems observed in an acute EAE model of Lewis rats. Seventeen Lewis rats were immunized by homogenized brain tissue in complete Freund adjuvant. Acute EAE rats were developed in 10 rats, all of which died within 25 days after the immunization. The thymus of these rats showed marked atrophy and histological examination revealed severe de generation of the lymphocytes and infiltration of macrophage showing phagocytosis in the thymus. The weight of spleen was also decreased, but no remarkable changes were observed microscopically except slight reduction of the white pulp. The fact that the immune reactions was induced not only in the nervous system but also in the thymus of EAE animals may suggest the possibility of common antigen between oligodendroglia and lymphocytes. This also suggest the close interaction between nervous system and immune system. However, the reactions of the thymus and spleen were different in this experiment, and further studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanism of these immune reactions. PMID- 3485983 TI - Folinic acid protection against nitrous oxide teratogenicity in the rat. AB - The Sprague-Dawley rat was used to demonstrate the effect of nitrous oxide, with and without folinic pretreatment, on reproductive indices and fetal development. One of the objectives of the investigation was to test the hypothesis that at least some of the teratogenic effect of nitrous oxide is related to interference with folate metabolism. Groups of animals were exposed to 70-75% nitrous oxide on day 9 of pregnancy with or without folinic acid 0.1 mg i.p. 12 h before, and immediately before, exposure. Subsequent fetal development was compared with that of various control groups. There were no significant differences in fetal survival, but fetal weights were reduced in both groups exposed to nitrous oxide. Of the indices of skeletal maturity, the number of ossified sternebrae was reduced only in the nitrous oxide group not receiving folinic acid. The incidence of major skeletal abnormalities in the untreated nitrous oxide group was significantly increased to five times that of the control groups, whereas the incidence in the nitrous oxide group receiving folinic acid was not significantly different from control. It is concluded that pretreatment with folinic acid can at least partially reduce the teratogenic effects of nitrous oxide in the rat. PMID- 3485984 TI - Cannabis psychosis: a case report. PMID- 3485986 TI - THC consumption among students: its estimation and log-normality. PMID- 3485985 TI - Prolonged depersonalization following cannabis abuse. PMID- 3485987 TI - Cannabis criminals revisited. PMID- 3485988 TI - Abstention in the general population of the U.S.A. PMID- 3485989 TI - The effect of intra-articular steroids on plasma salicylate concentrations. AB - Plasma salicylate concentrations and salicylate clearances were evaluated in 10 patients before and then 3 days after the intra-articular administration of glucocorticoid steroids. All patients were on chronic salicylate treatment, the dosage varying from 1.3-4.6 g day-1 of enteric-coated aspirin. The mean steady state plasma concentration (+/- s.e. mean) of salicylate decreased significantly after intra-articular steroid (90.9 +/- 14.8 mg l-1-64.7 +/- 8.9, P less than 0.05), whilst the mean clearance increased significantly (87.3 +/- 20.6 ml min-1 120.6 +/- 28.3, P less than 0.05). In these paired studies, the intra-articular administration of steroids lead to a significant decrease in plasma salicylate levels in patients taking enteric-coated aspirin. PMID- 3485990 TI - Inhibition of human liver cytochrome P-450 by omeprazole. AB - The effects of omeprazole on cytochrome P-450 mediated 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation were studied in human liver microsomes. Omeprazole inhibited both the high and low affinity components of deethylation, with an estimated Ki of 0.03 mM for the high affinity component. The results are further evidence that the previously reported prolongation of the half-life of diazepam by omeprazole in vivo is due to inhibition of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. PMID- 3485991 TI - An association between HLA DRI and lichen planus. AB - Serological typing for HLA Class II antigens in 72 patients with lichen planus (LP) revealed a highly significant association with HLA DRI and MTI (DQWI). DRI was present in 80% of patients with generalized LP, 54% with localized LP, 56% of patients with drug-induced LP and in 31% of patients with mucosal LP, compared with 25% of normal controls. MTI (DQWI) was found in 83% of the LP group and 62% of the normal controls. These findings strongly suggest a genetic predisposition or susceptibility to the development of generalized LP and perhaps also to drug induced LP. PMID- 3485992 TI - A study of lymphocyte subsets in patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - Immunological marker studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 22 patients with typical angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy were carried out. There was a decrease of the absolute lymphocyte number, of T-helper cells and the T4/T8 ratio in the active stage of the disease. The active T-cells and total T-cells were reduced both in the active and in the inactive state. The number of B-cells was in both states increased. Implications and possible mechanism of these observations are discussed. The histological findings and the clinical picture of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) or immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL) were described by Frizzera et al (1974) and Lukes & Tindle (1975). The aetiology and pathogenesis of AILD are unknown. Hyperimmune phenomena, hypersensitivity (Lukes & Tindle, 1975), and chronic antigenic stimulation (Neiman et al, 1978) were suggested as possible factors. A defect in T-cell regulatory function with secondary B-cell system proliferation was also postulated due to the decreased T suppressor cells (Lukes & Tindle, 1975; Frizzera et al, 1974). In almost all of the reported cases of AILD there has been a decrease in T-cells and an increase in B-cells (Pruzanski, 1980). In this report we describe the results of immunological studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 22 patients with typical AILD. We have found that the active state of the disease is characterized by T lymphopenia due to the decrease of OKT4 positive cells. PMID- 3485994 TI - Assessment of bone marrow histology in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) at presentation and during the follow-up. PMID- 3485993 TI - Human urinary megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor in thrombopoietic disorders. AB - The level of urinary Meg-CSF activity in patients with various thrombopoietic disorders was studied. Five out of eight patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura had megakaryocytic hyperplasia in the marrow and increased Meg-CSF activity in the urine. Urinary Meg-CSF activity in patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia was normal. There was a significant inverse correlation between urinary Meg-CSF activity and peripheral blood platelet count but not bone marrow megakaryocyte mass. There was a significant increase of urinary Meg-CSF activity during the period of thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy in patients with acute leukaemia who were in complete remission. The timing of maximal Meg-CSF levels corresponded to the nadirs of platelet counts. These results support the concept that Meg-CSF may play a significant role in the regulation of megakaryopoiesis and/or thrombopoiesis in vivo. PMID- 3485995 TI - Caesarean and post-partum hysterectomy 1968-1983. AB - There have been 47 caesarean or post-partum hysterectomies over a period of 15 years at Birmingham Maternity Hospital, a frequency of 7 per 10 000 deliveries. In 12 patients the procedure was performed electively for a gynaecological or haematological disorder. In the remainder, emergency hysterectomy was necessary as a life saving measure, in most instances to overcome uncontrollable haemorrhage. The commonest cause of uncontrollable bleeding was a morbidly adherent placenta which occurred in 1 per 4348 pregnancies, and was associated with previous uterine surgery particularly if combined with placenta praevia. Such patients require the presence of an experienced obstetrician to make an early decision to operate and perform a technically demanding operation. PMID- 3485996 TI - Apoplexy into a prolactin secreting macroadenoma during early pregnancy with successful outcome. Case report. PMID- 3485998 TI - Serum autoantibodies and uveitis. AB - The serum of 893 uveitis patients was examined for various non-ocular specific autoantibodies. Overall 40.8% of patients had detectable levels of autoantibodies in their sera. These comprised antibodies to smooth muscle (23.1%), nuclear material (12.7%), gastric parietal cell (3.0%), reticulin (1.8%), and mitochondria (0.2%). When the patients were distributed into nine selected categories of uveitis, only patients with one distinct clinical entity showed a statistically significant difference in the presence of the above serum autoantibodies as compared with healthy individuals. They were patients with uveitis associated with juvenile chronic arthritis, among whom antinuclear antibody was detected in 77% (p less than 0.001). Testing for the presence of circulating non-ocular specific autoantibodies appears to be of little or no value in the routine screening of uveitis patients, but it may be helpful in the diagnosis and management of certain individual cases, such as juvenile chronic arthritis, or as a research tool to advance understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 3485997 TI - Immunological abnormalities in patients with untreated retinal vasculitis. AB - Peripheral blood immunological features were assessed in 21 patients with clinical and angiographic evidence of retinal vasculitis (RV). Abnormalities of humoral and cellular immunity were frequent in this group of patients. Lymphopenia was the most common immunological abnormality, being present in 76% of patients at presentation (p less than 0.05). Peripheral blood T and B cells were decreased with a normal helper (OKT4) to suppressor (OKT8) T cell ratio in 11 patients tested (five with Behcet's syndrome and six with idiopathic RV). Significantly increased concentrations of serum immune complexes were present in 55% of patients (p less than 0.05). Results of the present study indicate the frequent association of peripheral blood immunological abnormalities in patients with active RV and indicate the possible role of immunological mechanisms in its pathogenesis. PMID- 3486000 TI - Gangliosides as markers of cortisone-sensitive and cortisone-resistant rabbit thymocytes: characterization of thymus-specific gangliosides and preferential changes of particular gangliosides in the thymus of cortisone-treated rabbits. AB - Neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides in rabbit thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and erythrocyte ghosts were analyzed by conventional chemical and enzymatic procedures and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS). Thymus gangliosides showed a characteristic composition. Major gangliosides comprising 75% of the total thymus gangliosides were sialosyl lacto N-neo-tetraosyl- and sialosyl lacto-N-nor-hexaosylceramides containing NeuGc and palmitic acid. These major thymus gangliosides were not detected in spleen, bone marrow, or erythrocytes, whereas GD1a, which was not present in the thymus even in a trace amount, was present in spleen and bone marrow. In addition, the major gangliosides in rabbit thymus were preferentially reduced when an animal was given an intraperitoneal injection of cortisone acetate, as found on analysis 48 h later. The decrease was accompanied by a concomitant increase in NeuAc containing GM3 with longer chain fatty acids. PMID- 3485999 TI - Primary band-shaped spheroidal degeneration of the cornea: three cases from two consanguineous families. AB - Three cases of primary band-shaped spheroidal degeneration of the cornea from two consanguineous families are reported. In all cases vision deteriorated slowly, the deterioration beginning in childhood. Photophobia in childhood was also a common symptom, and two patients suffered from intermittent painful sensations. The occupational and environmental histories had no bearing on the cases. Histochemical study of the yellow, oily appearing deposits suggested that this material has a complex composition, with staining characteristics of both protein and acid-fast lipid. PMID- 3486001 TI - Biosynthesis of porphyrins and corrins. 1. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of (hydroxymethyl)bilane and uroporphyrinogens I and III. AB - High-field NMR spectroscopic methods have been applied to study the reactions catalyzed by porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase and uroporphyrinogen III (uro'gen III) cosynthase, which are the enzymes responsible for the formation of the porphyrin macrocycle. The action of these enzymes in the conversion of PBG, [2,11 13C]PBG, and [3,5-13C]PBG to uro'gens I and III has been followed by 1H and 13C NMR, and assignments are presented. The principal intermediate that accumulated was the correspondingly labeled (hydroxymethyl)bilane (HMB), the assignments for which are also presented. PMID- 3486002 TI - Biosynthesis of porphyrins and corrins. 2. Isolation, purification, and NMR investigations of the porphobilinogen-deaminase covalent complex. AB - The procedures for the generation of enzyme-substrate complexes from labeled porphobilinogens [(2,11-13C]PBG and [2,6,11-3H]PBG) with deaminase and the methods employed for their purification are described. Use of 13C NMR failed to detect the substrate bound to the enzyme, suggesting that the line width must be inordinately large. The complex was found to disproportionate with time when stored at 25 degrees C. However, enzyme-bound uroporphyrinogen I (uro'gen I) was detected, both in the intact protein and in the oligopeptides from tryptic digestion and peptide mapping. The first detection of an enzyme-substrate complex by 3H NMR is described for [3H]PBG and deaminase. The line widths of the observed resonances were found to be extremely large and dependent upon temperature, giving chemical shifts that suggest the involvement of a sulfhydryl group as the nucleophilic enzyme group that binds the substrate. The catalytic competence of this complex was also demonstrated by displacing bound [3H]PBG with unlabeled PBG. During the resultant formation of [3H]uro'gen I, a transient low-intensity signal was detected that has been tentatively assigned to the highly reactive azafulvene species, proposed in several mechanistic schemes for porphyrin biosynthesis. PMID- 3486003 TI - Cooperative and noncooperative binding of protein ligands to nucleic acid lattices: experimental approaches to the determination of thermodynamic parameters. AB - Many biologically important proteins bind nonspecifically, and often cooperatively, to single-or double-stranded nucleic acid lattices in discharging their physiological functions. This binding can generally be described in thermodynamic terms by three parameters: n, the binding site size; K, the intrinsic binding constant; omega, the binding cooperativity parameter. The experimental determination of these parameters often appears to be straightforward but can be fraught with conceptual and methodological difficulties that may not be readily apparent. In this paper we describe and analyze a number of approaches that can be used to measure these protein-nucleic acid interaction parameters and illustrate these methods with experiments on the binding of T4-coded gene 32 (single-stranded DNA binding) protein to various nucleic acid lattices. We consider the following procedures: (i) the titration of a fixed amount of lattice (nucleic acid) with added ligand (protein); (ii) the titration of a fixed amount of ligand with added lattice; (iii) the determination of ligand binding affinities at very low levels of lattice saturation; (iv) the analysis of ligand cluster size distribution on the lattice; (v) the analysis of ligand binding to lattices of finite length. The applicability and limitations of each approach are considered and discussed, and potential pitfalls are explicitly pointed out. PMID- 3486004 TI - Analysis of ras oncogene products by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: evidence for protein families with distinctive molecular forms. AB - Protein products of the ras family of oncogenes were immunoprecipitated by an anti-p21 monoclonal antibody, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequently detected by western immunoblot analysis using the same anti-p21 monoclonal antibody as a probe. Using this method, a 21 kDa oncogene protein (p21) was detected and characterized in cell lines containing Harvey (Ha), Kirsten (Ki), neuroblastoma (N), or cellular (proto) ras genes. The ras gene products from all cell types occurred with multiple forms differing in size, charge or in both parameters. Transforming ras oncogene proteins occurred in easily identifiable groups that were different from each other in molecular weight and charge, were distinctive for each ras gene type and were different from cellular ras equivalents. Similar, but not identical, family groups occurred in different cell types containing the same oncogene. The reproducible occurrence of unpredicted p21 forms suggests that previously unreported post-translational processing steps may be associated with the synthesis of certain oncogene products. This immunoprecipitation/two-dimensional gel/western blot technique is a simple method for the identification and characterization of p21 gene products. PMID- 3486005 TI - Binding of complement component C1q by spectrin. AB - 125I-labelled human C1q was found to bind to human spectrin. Scatchard plots for the binding process were non-linear, indicating the possible presence of multiple classes of binding sites for C1q on spectrin. The binding was ionic-strength dependent; the extent of binding decreased with increasing ionic strength. Chemical modification of arginine and histidine residues on C1q as well as pretreatment of C1q at pH 4.45 or at 56 degrees C reduced its spectrin binding activity. The amount of 125I-labelled C1q bound to immune complexes was reduced by the presence of spectrin. Spectrin was also able to deplete the complement haemolytic activity of human serum in a dose-dependent manner. PMID- 3486006 TI - Changes in the polypeptide composition of mouse parotid glands after stimulation of secretion and DNA synthesis by isoproterenol. AB - The polypeptide composition of mouse parotid glands has been analysed by unidimensional SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and Coomassie blue staining after isoproterenol stimulation of secretion and DNA synthesis. Two polypeptides (polypeptides A and B) are lost within 2 h and their restoration in the glands occurs according to a chronology which is identical to that of the alpha-amylase activity. On the other hand, five clearly defined new bands appear consistently during the late prereplicative period of isoproterenol-stimulated mouse parotid acinar cells (polypeptides C, D, E, F and G). These new polypeptides are induced by doses of isoproterenol which provoke secretion and DNA synthesis, but not by doses which provoke only secretion. Although no function has been assigned to any of the above-described polypeptides, a relation between polypeptides A and B and secretion and between polypeptides C, D, E, F and G and the proliferative response is suggested. PMID- 3486007 TI - Bioconversion of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 16 alpha-hydroxylated corticosteroids by newborn rat adrenal cells in primary culture. AB - Using newborn rat adrenal cells in primary culture, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was bioconverted into numerous 16 alpha-hydroxylated steroids. The method of analysis of these steroids comprised the association of column and thin-layer chromatography to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to obtain the mass spectra of pure compounds. The identified compounds resulted principally from the enzymatic reactions of 21-hydroxylation 11 beta-hydroxylation and reduction of the 20-oxo and 3-oxo-4-ene groups. Minor metabolites resulted from 18-hydroxylation and 6 beta-hydroxylation of the substrate. The metabolism of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is similar to that of progesterone in the same cell culture system; however, there are two exceptions. The 21-hydroxylation of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone occurs at a rate similar to that of its 11 beta hydroxylation, whereas the 21-hydroxylation of progesterone is faster than its 11 beta-hydroxylation. The ratio of 11 beta- to 18-hydroxylation of 16 alpha hydroxyprogesterone is about 3, whereas the ratio of 11 beta- to 18-hydroxylation of progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone and DOC is between 1./ and 2. It is most likely the rate of 18-hydroxylation which is decreased by the hydroxyl group at C-16. The use of adrenal cell cultures is a practical, simple method for the preparation of a variety of 16 alpha-hydroxylated steroids from a single substrate. Its adaptation to the production of important amounts of 16 alpha hydroxylated corticosteroids will permit the study of their biological activity. PMID- 3486008 TI - [Proliferation of the intestinal epithelium and of the regenerating liver with a deficiency of the epidermal growth factor]. AB - To determine the role of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the regenerative stimulation of intestinal epithelium and hepatocyte proliferation after partial resection of these organs the labeling index of the intestine and liver in sialadenectomized rats was studied. EGF concentration in the saliva and serum was determined using radioimmunoassay. The decrease in EGF concentration after the removal of submandibular salivary glands was shown to slower hepatocytes entering the mitotic cycle and to inhibit the activity of enterocyte proliferation in the small intestine. The data show pronounced in vivo mitogenic effect of EGF on the liver and intestinal epithelium. PMID- 3486009 TI - Hemostatic plug formation in normal and von Willebrand pigs: the effect of the administration of cryoprecipitate and a monoclonal antibody to Willebrand factor. AB - Hemostatic plug (HP) formation was investigated in the ear bleeding time incision in normal and von Willebrand pigs. HP volume was calculated by integrating the areas of serial sections. In normal pigs (n = 11), platelets immediately formed a layer on the surface of the cut channel. Platelet aggregates formed at the ends of transected vessels and gradually enlarged. Finally, all transected vessels were occluded by HP and bleeding stopped. In contrast, large HPs were formed in the incision in von Willebrand's disease (vWD) pigs (n = 4); these HPs did not cover the ends of the transected vessels, which continued to bleed, allowing the formation of large hemostatically ineffective platelet aggregates in the incision. Canals traversed these HPs, and bleeding from the open vessels may have continued through them. After infusion of cryoprecipitate into a vWD pig, the bleeding time shortened, and the morphological findings of the HPs were similar to those of normal pigs. In normal pigs (n = 3) infused with an anti-Willebrand factor monoclonal antibody, which prolonged the bleeding time, a large HP formed in the incision, similar to that observed in the vWD pig. The volume of the normal and vWD HPs increased with time. These in vivo findings suggest that Willebrand factor is involved in the localization of the HP to the damaged vessel and may also play a role in platelet-platelet interaction. A computerized morphometric technique was used for measuring the volume of the hemostatic plugs and the distance of sequential points on the perimeter of the HP from the center of selected bleeding vessels. PMID- 3486010 TI - Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia: characterization of the disease using cell cultures. AB - To characterize juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML), the proliferative properties of bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells from nine patients were studied using assays for CFU-C and CFU-GEMM and liquid cultures. All specimens showed two reproducible abnormalities: impaired growth of normal hematopoietic progenitors and excessive proliferation of monocyte-macrophage colonies in the absence of exogenous colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Cytogenetic studies in one patient indicated that the CFU-C were malignant because BM cells at diagnosis and monocyte-macrophage colonies showed an abnormal karyotype, whereas PB lymphocytes did not. In contrast to JCML, PB from six adults with Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph1 + CML) yielded CSA-dependent CFU-C colonies which were composed of granulocytes, macrophages, or both, as well as exuberant growth of BFU-E colonies. Co-cultures of JCML BM adherent or nonadherent cells with normal BM resulted in suppression of normal hematopoietic colony formation. Supernatant from JCML adherent cells in liquid culture or plasma from newly diagnosed untreated JCML patients also suppressed control BM colony growth in a dose dependent manner. These findings confirm that JCML is a malignant disorder of monocytic lineage and suggest that the mechanism of hematopoietic failure in JCML is mediated by an inhibitory monokine secreted by malignant JCML cells. PMID- 3486011 TI - Establishment of eosinophilic sublines from human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells: demonstration of multipotentiality and single-lineage commitment of HL-60 stem cells. AB - Recent observations indicating that the HL-60 human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line contains a minor eosinophil population in addition to neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte progenitors suggest the multipotentiality of HL-60 stem cells. In order to clarify multilineage differentiation and commitment to single lineage progenitors we analyzed HL-60 colonies formed in methylcellulose. In an HL-60 parent line with a relatively high eosinophil content (5.5%), 36% of the spontaneous colonies consisted partly or wholly of eosinophilic cells. After two rounds of subcloning in methylcellulose, two eosinophilic sublines and two neutrophilic sublines were established. These lines have been in continuous liquid culture for more than four months, and they show stable single-lineage differentiation. Purified biosynthetic GM-CSF, which stimulates normal CFU-GM and CFU-EO, induced monocytic differentiation but no eosinophilic differentiation in the neutrophilic sublines and no neutrophilic or monocytic differentiation in the eosinophilic sublines. These observations indicate that HL-60 stem cells are multipotent and capable of spontaneous commitment to single-lineage progenitors. The eosinophilic HL-60 sublines should facilitate studies on the production and function of human eosinophils and the single-lineage sublines will allow further analysis of leukemic cell differentiation and stem cell commitment. PMID- 3486012 TI - Effects of recombinant human GM-CSF on proliferation of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Proliferation of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells in vitro is limited in most cases to a small subset of blasts that have several properties of stem cells. These leukemic colony-forming cells (AML-CFU) generally require addition of exogenous growth factors for proliferation in agar or methylcellulose. These factors can be supplied by media conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal leukocytes or by CSF-secreting tumor cell lines. However, the exact factor or factors required for stimulation of AML-CFU growth have not been defined. We compared the AML-CFU stimulatory activity of a human recombinant GM-CSF with that of GCT-CM, Mo-CM, and the PHA-leukocyte feeder system in 15 cases of AML. In each of the 12 cases that required exogenous growth factors for maximum AML-CFU growth, recombinant GM-CSF could replace either GM-CSF or Mo-CM, and could partially replace the PHA-leukocyte feeder system. These results indicate that this GM-CSF is a growth promoter of AML-CFU in these culture systems. PMID- 3486013 TI - Interaction of factor XIa and antithrombin in the presence and absence of heparin. AB - We have studied the interaction between purified human factor XIa and antithrombin in the presence and absence of well-characterized preparations of heparin. The concentrations of hemostatic enzyme, protease inhibitor, and mucopolysaccharide were 5.76 X 10(-8) mol/L, 5.76 X 10(6) mol/L, and either 5.88 X 10(6) mol/L or 0, respectively. Kinetic investigation of this process using a tritiated factor IX substrate demonstrated that the pseudo first-order rate constants of this reaction in the presence and absence of heparin are approximately 1.0 min-1 and approximately 0.025 min-1, respectively. Thus, the rate of hemostatic enzyme-protease inhibitor complex formation is accelerated by about 40-fold in the presence of saturating levels of the mucopolysaccharide. These results were confirmed in a qualitative manner by directly monitoring the generation of factor XIa-antithrombin interaction product with sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis using an antibody population specific for the protease inhibitor. PMID- 3486014 TI - Identification of functional domains on von Willebrand factor by binding of tryptic fragments to collagen and to platelets in the presence of ristocetin. AB - With the use of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the ristocetin-induced binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to platelets and the binding to collagen, we have previously identified two distinct tryptic fragments. To prove that these fragments contain the platelet binding or the collagen binding domain, we investigated the direct binding of tryptic fragments of 125I-VWF to platelets in the presence of ristocetin and to collagen fibrils. During the course of the tryptic digestion, there was a rapid and parallel decrease in binding to platelets and collagen. In the first ten minutes, binding decreased greater than 50%; a further decrease to 19% and 29%, respectively, was noted at 90 minutes, but no further decrease was observed thereafter. The bound fragments were eluted from platelets and collagen and analyzed on polyacrylamide gradient gels. The fragments bound to the platelets appeared to be reduced, probably by endogenous reducing substances from the platelets. This was prevented by addition of N ethylmaleimide during the incubation. After 24 hours of digestion, platelets predominantly bound fragments of 116 kd and collagen bound a single fragment of 48 kd. These fragments are similar to those previously identified with the monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3486015 TI - Mediation of platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagen in flowing blood by a proteolytic fragment of human von Willebrand factor. AB - The effect of purified von Willebrand Factor (vWF) fragments, SpII (dimer of two 110 kd subunits) and SpIII (dimer of two 170 kd subunits) obtained with S aureus V-8 protease was tested upon platelet adhesion to collagen. Purified fibrillar human collagen coated onto cover slips was incubated with SpII, SpIII, or undigested vWF and exposed to reconstituted human blood in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber at a high shear rate. Platelet-collagen interactions were estimated using 51Cr-platelets and quantitative morphometry. When blood was reconstituted with citrated autologous plasma, SpIII and vWF strikingly enhanced platelet adhesion to collagen whereas SpII had no effect. When blood was reconstituted with human albumin and divalent cations, SpIII and vWF again promoted platelet adhesion to collagen. In conclusion, our data suggest that (1) SpIII, the N-terminal portion of vWF which binds to platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib, functionally substitutes for vWF in supporting platelet adhesion to collagen; (2) SpII, the C-terminal portion which binds to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, has no such effect; (3) in addition to its platelet binding domain, SpIII contains another site for binding to collagen; and (4) the multimeric structure of vWF is not required for platelet adhesion to collagen. PMID- 3486016 TI - von Willebrand factor in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 3486017 TI - The release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and colony stimulating activity (CSA) in aplastic anemia patients: opposite behaviour with improvement of bone marrow function. AB - Peripheral blood cells from patients with aplastic anemia were tested for their ability to release interleukin-2 (IL-2) and colony stimulating activity (CSA) before treatment. IL-2 release--as measured in the mouse thymocyte assay--was abnormally high in 18/34, and abnormally low in 10/34 patients. "Low" release was due to simultaneous release of thymocyte inhibitors. In 18 patients who achieved self-sustaining hemopoiesis after high dose immunosuppressive therapy, excess IL 2 release decreased to low levels (p less than 0.001), and the release of inhibitors disappeared. In contrast, the release of CSA by patient cells--which did not correlate with peripheral blood monocyte counts--either remained high or increased to excessively high values in 24/24 patients tested before and after successful immunosuppressive treatment. Patients with stable hemopoietic grafts after bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia, did not release excess CSA. It is concluded that IL-2 and CSA play opposite roles in aplastic anemia. High IL-2 release seems associated with disease activity, whereas high CSA release appears to reflect a repair mechanism. PMID- 3486018 TI - Eosinophil differentiating activity in sera of patients with AIDS under recombinant IL-2 substitution. AB - An increase in circulating eosinophils was observed in patients with AIDS or ARC who were substituted for a period of 14 days with exogenous recombinant IL-2 in the context of a Phase I/II study. IL-2 exerts a broad range of biological properties and enhances the production of a variety of other cytokines, i.e., factors for haemopoietic cell growth and differentiation. After having excluded a direct effect of r IL-2 on haemopoietic precursor cells in semi-solid agar cultures, we developed a liquid culture system and studied the effect of patients' sera collected at different time intervals before, during and after r IL-2 substitution on cell differentiation of normal human bone-marrow cells in vitro. Patients' eosinophilia was preceded by a detectable activity in the sera which induced light-density, non-adherent bone-marrow cells to differentiate into the eosinophil lineage and was assessed by the presence of eosinophil primary granules or Luxol-fast blue positive granules. Thus, these in vitro data suggest the presence of circulating mediator(s) enhancing eosinophil production and differentiation in response to in vivo substitution of r IL-2. PMID- 3486019 TI - Distribution of cells binding anti-IgE in the trachea and in the thoracic lymph nodes of ovalbumin-sensitized rats. AB - We investigated in the present study the distribution of anti-IgE binding cells in the trachea and in the thoracic lymph nodes of ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized rats. Sensitization of the airways was induced through a single intratracheal injection of the antigen, and was controlled by recording in vitro the antigen-induced contraction of the tracheal muscle: 12 of 15 (80%) OA-injected rats had a demonstrable status of tracheal sensitization. An immunohistochemical method was used for the localization of the anti-IgE binding cells in cryostat and in Carnoy fixed tissue sections. Virtually no cell was found to bind anti-IgE in the tracheas or in the thoracic lymph nodes from control animals. Conversely, we found in OA-sensitized rats that: 1) numerous IgE plasma cells appeared in the medullary cords of the lymph nodes (not in the trachea); 2) in tracheal sections, IgE concentrated in the cytoplasm of subepithelial mast cells and of nonciliated rounded epithelial cells (possibly the so-called globule leukocytes), but few if any mast cells of the connective tissue bound the anti-IgE conjugates. PMID- 3486020 TI - Spinal cord injury: old problems, new approaches. PMID- 3486021 TI - 3D positron emission tomography: preliminary results. PMID- 3486022 TI - Afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the cochlear nucleus (dorsal medullary nucleus) of the leopard frog. AB - The afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the frog dorsal medullary nucleus (DMN; anuran homolog of the cochlear nucleus) were examined by studying the anterograde and retrograde transport patterns of horseradish peroxidase injected focally into the nucleus. It was found that this structure projected bilaterally to the superior olivary nuclei (SON) and dorsal midbrain tegmental nuclei, and contralaterally to the opposite DMN, the lateral lemniscus nucleus (LLN) and the torus semicircularis (TS). The termination sites in the TS were restricted to the laminar and principal nuclei. The DMN in turn received projections from these structures with the exception of the TS and dorsal tegmental nuclei. The projection to the ipsilateral LLN and TS was not pronounced. In addition to the above findings, the ascending projection to the DMN, SON and TS, as well as the centrifugal projection from the SON, were found to be organized tonotopically. PMID- 3486023 TI - Sympatho-adrenal medullary functions in response to intracerebroventricularly injected corticotropin-releasing factor in anesthetized rats. AB - Effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on adrenal sympathetic efferent nerve activity, adrenal catecholamine secretion rate and cardiovascular function (i.e. blood pressure, heart rate and renal nerve activity) were investigated in halothane-anesthetized rats. Administration (i.c.v.) of CRF resulted in a dose-dependent increase (to 140% of control, for a 6.4 nmol dose) in adrenal sympathetic nerve activity which began several minutes after injection and reached maximum values approximately 30 60 min later. This increase was significant, when tested against vehicle injected controls, for doses of 6.4 nmol and 640 pmol; however, a 64 pmol dosage did not produce significant effects. Acute hypophysectomy did not influence the response of adrenal nerve activity to i.c.v. injection of CRF. Intravenous administration of CRF (6.4 nmol) did not produce any significant increases in ongoing activity of the adrenal nerve. Following i.c.v. administration of CRF (640 pmol), epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion, as measured from adrenal venous blood samples, showed a similar response pattern to that of the adrenal nerve. Significant increases (maximum increases, from 13.2 to 31.5 ng/kg/min and from 4.1 to 8.6 ng/kg/min for epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion rates, respectively) were observed over the 90 min blood sampling period. The present study demonstrates by direct recording of adrenal sympathetic nerve activity and measurement of adrenal catecholamine secretion rate, that i.c.v. administered CRF can increase adrenal sympathetic efferent nerve activity resulting in increases in catecholamine secretion. In addition, renal nerve activity also showed dose dependent increases after CRF i.c.v. administration (to 160% of control, for a 6.4 nmol dose) as did heart rate (increases of 35 beats/min for a 6.4 nmol dose).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486024 TI - Conduction block due to demyelination at the ventral root exit zone in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Histological and electrophysiological studies were performed in Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to determine the cause of the neurological signs. The ventral root exit zone of the spinal cord was shown to be a major site of demyelination and conduction block. It is concluded that demyelination-induced conduction block in this region is an important cause of hindlimb weakness and paralysis in Lewis rats with EAE. PMID- 3486025 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide nullifies cytochrome reduction response to afferent activation of the perfused bullfrog brain. AB - Redox states of cytochromes a(a3), b and c+c1 were continuously measured on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the perfused bullfrog brain with the aid of a scanning organ spectrophotometer. To correlate with changes of the redox state, electrical activity of the brain was simultaneously recorded in the vicinity of the tip of the light guide of the spectrophotometer. Electrical stimulation of the third dorsal root of the spinal cord induced parallel reduction of the cytochromes and burst activity in the brain. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; 30 pmol/100 g body weight) nullified the cytochrome reduction induced by the electrical stimulation of the dorsal root, but did not attenuate the burst activity. The i.c.v. infusion of VIP (30 pmol/100 g b.wt.) per se had little if any influence upon both redox state and burst activity. The infusion of 1 nM VIP into the internal carotid arteries also nullified the cytochrome reduction response to the afferent electrical activation. The present results provide evidence that one of the physiological roles of the VIPergic neurons in the brain may be to balance the redox states of electron transfer systems in neurons. PMID- 3486026 TI - Pharmacological effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on striatal dopamine receptor system. AB - In mice, chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces an increase in the maximum number of [3H]spiperone binding sites in the striatum. The sensitivity of striatal protein phosphorylation to calcium plus calmodulin is also potentiated in MPTP-treated mice. These observations are associated with an enhancement of apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in the drug-treated animals. The results of this study suggest that in an animal model for Parkinson's disease, MPTP interrupts the dopamine (DA) transmission by chemically denervating the nigrostriatal neurons and through a compensatory mechanism, it increases the number of DA receptors as well as the sensitivity of protein phosphorylation to calcium plus calmodulin in mouse striatum. The latter two events may contribute to the development of DA receptor supersensitivity. PMID- 3486028 TI - AIDS: how the immune system works. PMID- 3486027 TI - Autopsy analysis of the safety, efficacy and cartography of electrical stimulation of the central gray in humans. AB - Electrical brain stimulation is effective in controlling certain intractable chronic pain syndromes in humans, but the specific target site(s) for stimulation producing a maximal analgesic effect is (are) not well defined. This prospective study correlates the clinical results of chronic stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and periventricular gray (PVG) matter in humans with the anatomic site of electrode placement as determined at autopsy, and documents the histologic reactions to electrode implantation and electrical stimulation of the area. Seven patients underwent electrode implantation to control their chronic pain; two had electrodes implanted bilaterally. All patients obtained complete analgesia with stimulation, although 3 subsequently found the stimulation to have diminished efficacy. The opiate antagonist naloxone reversed the analgesia in the 4 patients so tested. All 7 patients later died of causes unrelated to electrode implantation or stimulation. Postmortem analysis showed that, for 6 of the 9 electrodes implanted, the electrode tip was located in the ventrolateral PAG at the level of the posterior commissure; the other 3 electrodes were found in the white matter adjacent to the PAG. No evidence of gliosis or parenchymal reaction was observed along the tracts and tips of the electrodes. The results indicate that the ventrolateral PAG and PVG matter at the level of the posterior commissure is the optimal site for therapeutic electrical brain stimulation for opiate-responsive pain in humans. PMID- 3486029 TI - Haemodynamic effects of verapamil administration after large doses of fentanyl in man. AB - Thirteen patients with good left ventricular function undergoing coronary artery revascularization were studied to determine the cardiovascular effects of verapamil, 75-150 micrograms X kg-1, after a large dose (100 micrograms X kg-1) of fentanyl, with pancuronium for muscle relaxation. The patients were continued on their usual cardiovascular medications until the time of surgery, which included nitrates, beta adrenergic blockers, and nifedipine. Anaesthesia with fentanyl was associated with decreases in mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular stroke work index, and circulating catecholamine levels. Mean values were not further changed by verapamil, but individual patients had additional modest decreases in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac index, however, was well maintained. Plasma catecholamines remained depressed after verapamil under the study condition. Thus, in patients with good left ventricular function, clinically relevant doses of verapamil were well tolerated even in the presence of an anaesthetic that included large doses of fentanyl, with suppression of circulating catecholamine levels. PMID- 3486030 TI - Transducer offset by electrocautery resulting in erroneous blood pressure measurement. AB - During a coronary artery bypass operation arterial blood pressure measured with a Bentley Trantec model 800 transducer increased erroneously while continuous electrocautery was being used. This phenomenon has recurred infrequently, with fictitious hypotension being observed in one patient. To reproduce the problem of pressure offset during electrosurgery a bench test demonstrated that with peak to peak voltage of 20 volts from the electrosurgical unit, three of seven Bentley transducers had offsets as much as +/- 50 mmHg. It is important for anaesthetists to determine if electrosurgery units are functioning before treating apparent pressure drifts. PMID- 3486031 TI - Trypanosoma musculi infection in the CBA/N mouse. AB - The infection of B-cell deficient CBA/N mice by Trypanosoma musculi resulted in a higher parasitaemia, delayed recovery, and a defective antibody response (IgM and IgG1). CBA/N mice were thus less efficient than CBA/J in controlling the infection. These results indicate that B-cells are involved in the immunological control of this parasite. PMID- 3486032 TI - Malignant histiocytoses developing in patients with B-cell lymphomas. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas (small B-cell and small cleaved cell) developed a coexistent malignant histiocytosis 3 and 6 years after diagnosis of their lymphomas. In both patients, malignant histiocytosis presented as new onset of fever, weight loss, and rapidly progressive bulky disease super-imposed on a previously stable clinical course without constitutional symptoms. Both patients failed to respond to combination chemotherapy. The terminal aggressive phase of indolent B-cell lymphomas usually represents transformation of the original neoplasm to a large non-cleaved or immunoblastic B-cell histology. Malignant histiocytosis has not previously been reported as a second neoplasm in patients with B-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3486033 TI - Radionuclide bone imaging in diaphyseal aclasis with malignant change. AB - Chondrosarcoma is a rare complication in hereditary multiple exostoses. The six patients in this study have had a complete follow-up and constitute the largest group of such cases to have been studied so far. Five patients had histologic evidence of malignancy. Since histologic examination can be very difficult, any other diagnostic features, may it be clinical, radiologic, or scintigraphical, should be taken into account for early surgical treatment. Bone scintigraphic examination is a valuable adjunct to early diagnosis of malignant change by showing highest uptake in malignant areas. It is also very useful for posttherapeutic follow-up. PMID- 3486034 TI - Childhood primary cutaneous non-T/non-B lymphoma followed by acute T-cell leukemia. AB - An 8-year-old girl presented with cutaneous lymphoma without bone marrow or visceral involvement. The tumor cells displayed convoluted and invaginated euchromatic nuclei. The immunophenotype of these cells was non-T/non-B (Ia+, CALLA-, SIg-, TdT-, E-, Thy-). The skin lesions regressed promptly with chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cytosine arabinoside. Six months after the completion of chemotherapy (18 months postdiagnosis), the patient had a relapse of the skin lesions with concurrent bone marrow involvement. The cutaneous infiltrate at relapse was morphologically and immunophenotypically similar to that at the onset of illness. However, the bone marrow infiltrate, although morphologically similar to the cutaneous tumor, had an immunophenotype consistent with T-cells (Ia+, CALLA-, SIg , E-, TdT+, Thy+, OKT4+, OKT8+). As in adults, primary cutaneous non-T/non-B lymphomas in children may be derived from T-cells or their precursors. PMID- 3486035 TI - The effect of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor and breast tumour homogenates on the activity of oestradiol 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cultured adipose tissue. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF alpha) and breast tumour homogenates on oestradiol 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (E2DH) activity has been examined using cultured human breast adipose tissue. EGF (100-1000 ng/ml) inhibited E2DH activity (E1----E2) in a dose dependent manner. TGF alpha (250 and 500 ng/ml) stimulated E2DH activity, with conversion of E1----E2 increasing to a greater degree than E2----E1 activity. Breast tumour homogenates (2-10% w/v) also influenced E2DH activity. It is concluded that growth factors, produced by breast tumours, may modulate E2DH activity in tissues surrounding the tumour and thereby influence tumour growth. PMID- 3486036 TI - Inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced skin tumorigenicity in BALB/c mice by chronic oral feeding of trace amounts of ellagic acid in drinking water. AB - Chronic p.o. feeding of small amounts of ellagic acid, a naturally occurring dietary plant phenol, to BALB/c mice in drinking water afforded significant protection against skin tumorigenesis induced by 3-methylcholanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogen. A significant increase in the latent period for the development of skin tumors by 3-methylcholanthrene was observed in the ellagic acid-fed group of mice (9 wk on test) as compared to the control group of animals (6 wk on test). The observed protection against tumor induction in the ellagic acid-fed group of animals may be due to the inhibition of the metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon since epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was found to be significantly inhibited. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with small amounts of ellagic acid may prove useful in reducing the risk of skin carcinogenesis induced by environmental chemicals. PMID- 3486037 TI - Natural killer cells and their relationship to T-cells: hypothesis on the role of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement on the course of adaptive differentiation. AB - We propose that the differentiation of NK cells and the differentiation of T cells are intimately interrelated, although mature effector cells of each type usually can be distinguished from each other. The divergence in their characteristics may be initiated upon rearrangement of the genes for the T-cell receptor, with a subsequent inverse relationship between the expression of T-cell receptors and NK cell receptors. However, an essential element of our hypothesis is that the differentiation of these cells is partially adaptive rather than rigidly preprogrammed. This concept is considerably more compatible with the phenotypic plasticity which has been exhibited by cultured cells in general and by T-cells and LGL in particular. We suggest that the nature of the self environment has a major influence on the direction of development of precursor cells, both by controlling the ratio between the rates of proliferation and differentiation at each stage of maturation and by inducing quantitative or qualitative changes in the pattern of gene expression. As maturation proceeds, the degree of plasticity probably decreases, possibly due to inheritable epigenetic changes in the genome. Our hypothesis accommodates most if not all of the available experimental data on the phenotypic, genetic, and functional interrelationships between NK cells and T-cells. In particular, it accounts for the extensive and controversial data on cultured cell lines with varying degrees of similarity to T-cells and to NK cells. In addition, our model emphasizes the inherent limitations in utilizing such data from cell lines as the basis for drawing conclusions on the properties of cells developing under physiological conditions. Most importantly, our hypothesis leads to a series of experimentally testable predictions, which should provide considerably greater insight into the ontogeny of NK cells and their relationship to the T-cell lineage. PMID- 3486038 TI - Immunotherapy of murine sarcomas using lymphokine activated killer cells: optimization of the schedule and route of administration of recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) at high doses or at low doses in concert with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells can produce regression of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases from a variety of tumors in mice. IL-2 appears to mediate its antitumor effect through the generation of LAK cells in vivo from endogenous lymphocytes and by the stimulation of host and transferred LAK cell proliferation in tissues. In this paper we have investigated different strategies for IL-2 administration to determine which regimen produced maximal in vivo proliferation and optimal immunotherapeutic efficacy of LAK cells. Tissue expansion of lymphoid cells was assessed using an assay of in vivo labeling of dividing cells by the thymidine analogue, 5-[125I]iododeoxyuridine. The therapeutic effect of the different IL-2 administration protocols was determined by evaluating their efficacy in the treatment of established, 3-day pulmonary metastases from sarcomas in mice. The selection of IL-2 injection regimens for evaluation was based upon pharmacokinetic studies of IL-2 in mice. A single i.v. or i.p. dose yielded high peak IL-2 levels that could be measured for only a few hours after injection, while IL-2 given i.p. thrice daily produced titers that were detectable throughout the study periods (greater than or equal to 6 units/ml of serum after 100,000 units of IL-2 i.p. thrice daily). Using the proliferation and therapy models, we tested the same cumulative daily doses of IL-2 administered by i.v. or i.p. once daily, or i.p. thrice daily regimens. The i.p. thrice daily protocol stimulated greater lymphoid cell proliferation in the lungs, for example, than did the other regimens. Similarly, 300,000 units of IL-2 divided i.p. thrice daily were more successful in reducing metastases (n = 16) than was the entire dose given i.v. once daily (n = 190; P less than 0.05) or i.p. once daily (n = 71; P less than 0.05). When compared to the i.p. or i.v. once daily protocols, the i.p. thrice daily regimen for IL-2 also produced greater proliferation of exogenous LAK cells, as well as a more effective therapeutic outcome when IL-2 was combined with transferred LAK cells. Thus, sustained, lower levels of IL-2 were more effective than brief, high peak titers for stimulation of proliferation and antitumor activity. We then evaluated the effect of duration of IL-2 treatment as well as the number of LAK cell injections in the two models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3486039 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in the Wistar-Lewis rat: a model for studying the mechanisms of cholesterol acquisition by a tumor in vivo. AB - Renal adenocarcinoma implanted into isogeneic Wistar-Lewis rats closely resembles human renal cancer. This paper characterizes the tumor's growth rate, metastatic potential, and its light and electron microscopic appearance. Additionally, for the first time, the pathways through which a tumor acquires the cholesterol needed for growth were quantified in vivo. Two 1-mg pieces of renal carcinoma were implanted beneath the renal capsule of 80 Wistar-Lewis rats. Of the implanted tumors 95% "took" and grew rapidly, doubling every 2.6 days initially. Growth slowed, however, to a doubling time of 8.3 days by the fifth wk. Twenty rats underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor 5 wk after implantation. Of these, 85% subsequently developed lung metastases. Histologically, the tumor had a clear-cell appearance due to the presence of large vacuoles, some of which contained glycogen. The esterified cholesterol content of the tumor was 3-fold higher than normal kidney during the initial period of rapid tumor growth and increased to a 14-fold elevation by 12 wk. The normal kidney in vivo had a high rate of uptake of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins and a low rate of de novo sterol synthesis. In contrast, the renal carcinoma lost most of its low density lipoprotein uptake activity and, instead, acquired the cholesterol needed for growth by a 5-fold increase in the rate of de novo cholesterol synthesis. This model may prove valuable in both testing therapeutic strategies directed against human renal cancer and understanding the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in a growing cancer. PMID- 3486040 TI - Interleukin 2 activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes infiltrating into human metastatic melanomas. AB - Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 tumors obtained from 15 patients with metastatic melanoma. In 18 of the 22 tumors, a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell:tumor cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly cytotoxic/suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to autologous tumor cells. Prior to culture, none of the tumor-binding cells (TBC) was cytotoxic as judged by trypan blue exclusion. The frequency of TBC increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these TBC developed cytotoxic activity. When interleukin 2 was added to cultures, the frequency of TBC increased, and the frequency of cytotoxic TBC was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with interleukin 2, TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of tumor cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of tumor cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant interleukin 2 and tested for cytotoxicity against autologous and allogenic tumor cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. rIL2-cultured TIL from all nine patients tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against autologous tumor cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous melanoma, while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous melanoma. The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant interleukin 2-cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patients were assayed for cytotoxic activity against autologous and allogenic melanomas. Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for autologous tumor cells. In summary, TIL isolated from metastatic melanoma patients were predominantly cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill autologous tumor cells after in vitro culture; interleukin 2 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their cytotoxic activity such that they eliminated autologous tumor cells. PMID- 3486041 TI - Effects of the immunomodulator LS 2616 on growth and metastasis of the murine B16 F10 melanoma. AB - The carboxamide-quinoline LS 2616 is a novel immunomodulator augmenting natural killer (NK) cell activity and T-lymphocyte related effector functions. To investigate the possible usefulness of LS 2616 in immunotherapy of tumors, the effect of the substance on growth and metastasis of the B16-F10 melanoma in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice was investigated. Treatment with LS 2616 from the time of s.c. inoculation of B16-F10 cells significantly reduced tumor take. Continuous treatment of mice with LS 2616 initiated 4 days prior to i.v. injection of tumor cells reduced the number of pulmonary metastases by 85%. When treatment with LS 2616 was started 4 days after i.v. injection of tumor cells, a time when established tumor foci were readily detectable in the lungs, a significant reduction in the number of pulmonary metastases resulted. LS 2616 significantly reduced the number of spontaneous pulmonary metastases developing from a B16-F10 tumor growing in the footpad. When treatment with LS 2616 was initiated after the establishment of grossly visible spontaneous pulmonary metastases, no significant effect on the number of metastases was found after 2 weeks of treatment. However, combined treatment with a dose of cyclophosphamide which in itself was ineffective resulted in a statistically significant 70% reduction in the number of remaining pulmonary metastases. Injection of antibodies to asialomonoganglioside which strongly reduce NK cell activity in various organs was used as a probe for the involvement of NK cells in the effects of LS 2616 on the B16-F10 tumor. The therapeutic efficiency of LS 2616 on tumor take when given from the time of s.c. inoculation, on the number of i.v. induced pulmonary metastases when treatment was started before tumor cell injection, as well as the spontaneous development of pulmonary metastases during exposure to the substance was abrogated by simultaneous injection with antibodies to asialomonoganglioside. In contrast, the beneficial effects of LS 2616 on already established i.v. produced or spontaneous pulmonary metastases were unaltered in mice made NK cell deficient by injection of anti-asialomonoganglioside antibodies. In conclusion, LS 2616 has potent antitumor activities mediated by NK cells as well as non-NK cell related defense mechanisms. PMID- 3486042 TI - Alteration in glycosphingolipid pattern during phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induced cell differentiation in human T-lymphoid leukemia cells. AB - We analyzed the patterns of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from a line of cells derived from a clone of the human T-cell leukemia cells (CEM) that had been induced to differentiate by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) into cells with a suppressor-like phenotype. We characterized the differentiation state of the cells by immunofluorescence by using anti-cell surface differentiation-specific monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, and OKT8). The GSLs were extracted and separated by thin-layer chromatography and the individual bands were quantitated by a dual-wavelength densitometer or by autoradiography of GSLs labeled with [14C]glucosamine and [14C]galactose. Treatment of the CEM cells with 0.16-16 nM PMA for 6 h to 6 days resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in the amount of two neutral GSLs [ceramide monohexoside and ceramide dihexoside] and three gangliosides [monosialoganglioside (GM3), sialosylparagloboside, and disialoganglioside (GD3)]. The increase in the neutral GSLs after PMA treatment reached its maximum at 30 h while GM3 peaked at 96 h. The increases in GM3 and sialosylparagloboside are presumably due to an increase in their synthesis levels because PMA promoted an elevated incorporation of glucosamine and galactose into these GSLs. The increase in the amount of GD3, on the other hand, is due to either a decrease in its degradation or use in other metabolic pathways because no detectable increase in glucosamine and galactose incorporation into this ganglioside could be found. Incubation of control or PMA-induced CEM cells with GM3 fractions purified from either CEM cells, human brain, or dog erythrocytes caused a reduction in cell growth and prevented the increase in reactivity of the induced cells with the OKT3 antibody. Incubation with semisynthetic ceramide dihexoside, however, prevented the decrease in reactivity with the OKT4 antibody. The observed changes in GSL patterns during PMA-induced differentiation of the CEM cells into suppressor-like cells and the inhibition of CEM cell growth by GM3 fractions suggest that the GSLs play a role in the control of cell growth and differentiation in the PMA-treated CEM cells. PMID- 3486043 TI - Establishment and characterization of four human monocytoid leukemia cell lines (JOSK-I, -S, -M and -K) with capabilities of monocyte-macrophage lineage differentiation and constitutive production of interleukin 1. AB - Four monocytoid cell lines, JOSK-I, -S, -M, and -K, were newly established successfully from peripheral blood of two cases of acute monocytic leukemia and one case each of acute myelomonocytic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in myelomonocytic blast crisis. In order to establish permanent cell lines, cultures of leukemic blasts were initiated in 96-well microtiter plates. Each cell line grew in a suspension culture with a doubling time of 24-32 h and has been serially maintained for over 20 mo. Each line had immature monocytic properties as judged from the results of cytological, immunochemical, and functional analyses. The cells showed a positive reaction for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase which was completely inhibited by sodium fluoride and exhibited immature monocytic features on electron microscopic observation. They also had surface markers specific for the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Chromosome analyses showed that each line had a variety of marker chromosomes; furthermore, these established lines exhibited high potentialities involving morphological and functional differentiation into more mature monocytic cells when induced by several chemical inducers. We also found that two of the established cell lines produced much interleukin 1 activity without any stimuli. These new lines might be valuable for studying the regulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation and host defense mechanisms. PMID- 3486044 TI - Prevention of growth of metastases in rat liver by perioperative immunoactivation. AB - Major intraabdominal operations result in immunodepression. In addition, manipulation of malignant tumors may release tumor cells into the systemic and portal circulation. The additive effects of immunodepression and tumor cell release during surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer may increase the metastases of tumor to the liver. We, therefore, studied the inhibitory effect of immunoactivator OK-432 on the growth of the liver metastases in the perioperative period using a model in which rat ascites hepatoma AH-130 cells transplanted into the portal venous system consistently induce hepatic metastases. Forty-four male Donryu rats were assigned to a test group and a control group. The test group of 24 rats was treated with OK-432 (0.5 mg/day administered i.p.) for 7 days before tumor implantation, and the control group of 20 rats was treated with 0.2 ml of saline i.p. for the same number of days as the test group. The number of hepatic metastatic lesions at 14 days after tumor implantation amounted to 71.5 +/- 45.9 (SD) in the test group of 8 rats and 149.3 +/- 61.9 in the control group of 8 rats. The mean values of survival days after tumor implantation in the test group of 9 rats and the control group of 6 rats were 33.4 +/- 8.1 and 21.8 +/- 6.9, respectively. The values of OKT4+ in peripheral blood T-cell subsets in the test group of 7 rats and in the control group of 6 rats were 51.9 +/- 7.0 and 41.8 +/- 7.2%, respectively. These data showed significant differences between the two groups. Perioperative immunoactivation with OK-432 pretreatment reduced the incidence of liver metastases developed in rats given injections of tumor cells. We believe that the perioperative period is critical for the implantation and growth of metastases and that correction of perioperative immunodepression may favorably affect the development of metastatic disease and survival. This model may have relevance to the adjuvant treatment of human gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 3486045 TI - Endotoxin-mediated necrosis and regression of established tumours in the mouse. A correlative study of quantitative changes in blood flow and ultrastructural morphology. AB - The fractional distribution of cardia output was measured in tumour-bearing mice treated with 50 micrograms intravenous endotoxin, and correlated with ultrastructural changes in tumour morphology. The proportion of the cardiac output going to the tumour decreased to less than 50% of its original value by 2 h and to 10%-30% by 6 h after giving endotoxin. Because endotoxin decreases absolute cardiac output, the actual perfusion of the tumour will be considerably less than these figures suggest. The decrease in perfusion correlated closely with changes in vascular morphology. Venous congestion on the tumour edge started within 1 h of giving endotoxin and by 3 h, endothelial damage and platelet aggregates were visible. At this time, all cells, tumour, connective tissue and infiltrate in the tumour centre were dead or damaged. By 24-48 h a conspicuous infiltrate of neutrophils and macrophages was present on the edge of the tumour and many of these cells were closely related to tumour cells. We suggest that the haemorrhagic necrosis may be caused by vascular obstruction leading to hypoxia and that the subsequent regression is mediated by activated macrophages and perhaps by neutrophils. PMID- 3486046 TI - Afferent and efferent components of the facial nerve in a frog, Rana pipiens. AB - The seventh cranial nerve in Rana pipiens is a slender nerve with limited peripheral distribution. We investigated the afferent and efferent components of this nerve by labeling its major branch, the hyomandibular, with horseradish peroxidase. The efferent portion of the seventh nerve originates from a small cell group in the upper medulla which contains two subdivisions. Afferent fibers carried in nerve VII travel in the solitary tract and the dorsolateral funiculus. The solitary component consists of a small number of ascending fibers that reach the level of the trigeminal nucleus and a large descending component that terminates slightly caudal to the obex in the commissural nuclei of the solitary complex. Afferent fibers also descend in the dorsolateral funiculus; many of these fibers cross dorsal to the central canal in the lower medulla. Most of the fibers in the dorsolateral funiculus terminate in the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal horns and in nuclei of the dorsal column. A few ipsilateral fibers reach lower thoracic levels of the spinal cord. PMID- 3486047 TI - The inactivation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor by gas-phase cigarette smoke: protection by antioxidants and reducing species. AB - The abilities of a number of compounds of biological interest to protect alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (alPI) against the loss of elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) resulting from exposure to gas-phase cigarette smoke have been tested. We have identified several species that protect AlPI. Amino acids prevent the loss of EIC in a manner that correlates with their pK alpha-values; only the unprotonated amine provides protection. Catalase partially prevents the loss of EIC, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide produced from the reduction of oxygen in cigarette smoke extracts is responsible for at least some of the smoke-induced inactivation. The best protection against smoke-induced loss of EIC was provided by two biologically important antioxidant species: glutathione and ascorbic acid. Both species provide almost complete protection to alPI under the experimental conditions used. The nature of species that protect AlPI against the inactivation caused by exposure to gas-phase smoke provides clues upon which speculations about the mechanism of this inactivation may be based. The identification of protective species could lead to the development of compounds that smokers could take (for example, vitamin C) that would protect their lung tissue against the oxidative damage caused by cigarette smoke. PMID- 3486048 TI - Influence of pharmaceutical properties on gastric lesions induced in rats by AD 1590, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 3486050 TI - Comparison of the activity of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and the diglyceride glycerol 1-myristate 2-acetate. AB - Diglycerides function as analogs of the phorbol ester tumor promoters. We compare here the activity of glycerol 1-myristate 2-acetate (GMA) with the corresponding phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). GMA inhibited phorbol ester binding to reconstituted protein kinase C, stimulated protein kinase C enzymatic activity, and, upon addition to intact 3T3 cells, inhibited [125I]EGF binding. Its potency was much less than that of PMA, however (2.9 X 10(4)-fold less for phorbol ester binding, greater than 1.2 X 10(5)-fold less for inhibition of EGF binding), and its activity on the intact cells was more transient. The marked difference in potency contrasts with the much smaller differences found previously for the corresponding pairs of dilaurate and dioleate derivatives. PMID- 3486049 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of marrow cell kinetics in children treated with high dose MTX and CF rescue. AB - Normal marrow cell kinetics were studied by flow cytometry with computer analysis in 11 children with malignancies who received high-dose MTX followed by CF rescue. Nine children with hematological tumors in remission each received an infusion of MTX over 24 h, followed by delayed CF rescue. In 8 of the 9, an accumulation of cells in early to mid-S phase and a decrease of cells in G2/M phase were observed at 24-48 h after the beginning of the MTX infusion. At 144 h after MTX infusion this kinetic perturbation disappeared and the DNA histogram returned to the same state as before therapy. Two children who had malignant bone tumors without marrow infiltration each received an infusion of MTX over 6 h with early CF rescue following an initial IV injection of vincristine. They did not have any prominent perturbation of marrow cell kinetics after MTX exposure, except for a transient increase of cells in G2/M phase. These results confirm that with the high-dose MTX therapy described above for hematological malignancies the impairment of marrow cell kinetics was much more severe and was soon followed by complete recovery, whereas with the therapy for solid tumors the impairment was much slighter. PMID- 3486052 TI - The role of interleukin 2 in hemorrhage-induced abnormalities of lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Depression of lymphocyte proliferative response occurs after trauma and hemorrhage. Because abnormalities in production or utilization of interleukin 2 (IL-2) can result in depression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, we investigated the effects of unanesthetized hemorrhage on the generation of IL-2 by rat peripheral blood lymphocytes and the response of these cells to exogenous IL-2. Two hours after loss of 30% of total blood volume, IL-2 production was reduced by greater than 90%. Return to normal levels of IL-2 generation occurred by 48 hr after hemorrhage. Addition of purified rat IL-2 to cultures of phytohemagglutin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from normal animals resulted in suppression of the proliferative response. Exogenous IL-2 produced a similar degree of suppression in the proliferation of cells obtained from hemorrhaged animals. These results show a profound hemorrhage-induced suppression of IL-2 generation, but no benefits of exogenous IL-2 in improving the depressed lymphocyte proliferative response that exists after hemorrhage. PMID- 3486051 TI - N-acetyltransferase multiplicity and the bioactivation of N-arylhydroxamic acids by hamster hepatic and intestinal enzymes. AB - The mechanism-based inactivation (suicide inactivation) by N-hydroxyphenacetin (NHP) of N-arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase (AHAT) and p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase (PABA NAT) activities of a partially purified hamster liver preparation was investigated. The inactivation of both enzyme activities was irreversible, but a partial protection of PABA NAT could be achieved by inclusion of the nucleophile cysteine in the incubation mixture; cysteine did not reduce the extent of inactivation of AHAT by NHP. Hepatic AHAT and PABA NAT activities were separated by affinity chromatography, and the resolved enzyme activities were subjected to incubation in the presence of NHP, N-hydroxy-2 acetamidofluorene (N-OH-AAF), and N-hydroxy-4-acetamidobiphenyl (N-OH-AABP); AHAT, but not PABA NAT, was inactivated by NHP, N-OH-AAF and N-OH-AABP. Incubation of hamster heptic PABA NAT with radiolabeled N-OH-AAF resulted in the formation of only 15% as much fluorenylamine-tRNA adduct as was formed when N-OH AAF was bioactivated with hamster hepatic AHAT. Hamster intestinal AHAT and PABA NAT activities also were resolved by affinity chromatography; the intestinal AHAT fractions were much more effective than the PABA NAT fractions in bioactivating N OH-AAF. These results demonstrate that hamster liver and intestine contain at least two arylamine transacetylating activities, one of which is much more effective than the other in the bioactivation of toxic and carcinogenic N arylhydroxamic acids. PMID- 3486054 TI - Regional perfusion, glucose metabolism, and wall motion in patients with chronic electrocardiographic Q wave infarctions: evidence for persistence of viable tissue in some infarct regions by positron emission tomography. AB - Positron-emission tomography with 13N-ammonia and 18F-2-deoxyglucose was used to assess regional perfusion and glucose utilization in 31 chronic electrocardiographic Q wave regions in 20 patients. With previously published criteria, regions of infarction were identified by a concordant reduction in regional perfusion and glucose utilization, and regions of ischemia were identified by preservation of glucose utilization in regions of diminished perfusion. Only 10 of the 31 regions (32%) exhibited myocardial infarction tomographically. In contrast, positron tomography revealed ischemia in six regions (20%) and was normal in 15 regions (48%). Even when Q wave regions were reassigned and consolidated to enhance the specificity of the electrocardiogram, uptake of 18F-2-deoxyglucose was noted in the majority (54%) of the regions. Neither electrocardiographic ST-T changes nor severity of associated wall motion abnormality reliably distinguished tomographically identified regions of ischemia from infarction. Thus positron tomography reveals evidence of persistent tissue metabolism in a high proportion of chronic electrocardiographic Q wave regions, and commonly used clinical tests do not reliably distinguish hypoperfused but viable regions from tomographically defined regions of myocardial infarction. PMID- 3486053 TI - Effect of hypercholesterolemia on vascular reactivity in the rabbit. I. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent contractions and relaxations in isolated arteries of control and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. AB - We studied the effects of hypercholesterolemia on vascular responsiveness in different arteries isolated from rabbits: control groups of rabbits and groups receiving the atherogenic diet consisted of eight animals each. In the arteries, 16 weeks of cholesterol-rich (0.3%) diet evoked intimal lesions which were more pronounced than those noted after 8 weeks of hypercholesterolemia; the aortic arch was affected significantly more by the lesions than the abdominal aorta and the pulmonary artery. Segments of the arteries were mounted in organ chambers for isometric tension recording or for measurement of the endothelium-derived relaxant factor. Contractions caused by acetylcholine and prostaglandin F2 alpha were not altered by the hypercholesterolemia; those evoked by serotonin were moderately augmented only in the aortic arch of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. As the degree of intimal lesion formation increased, the contractions to norepinephrine and clonidine were progressively inhibited. The endothelium independent relaxations to nitroglycerin were inhibited in only the most severely affected arteries; the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate were progressively inhibited as the degree of fatty streak formation augmented. Thus, in the aortic arch, the relaxations to 3 X 10(-6) M acetylcholine, expressed as percent of the initial contraction, decreased from 86.7 +/- 3.3% in control tissues to 16.3 +/- 8.6% in the 16-week hypercholesterolemic vessels; in the abdominal aortas these relaxations averaged 93.5 +/- 2.2% in control vessels and 72.0 +/- 6.9% in the hypercholesterolemic tissues. The acetylcholine-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor from the abdominal aorta was not significantly affected by the hypercholesterolemia. We conclude from these studies that in arteries obtained from hypercholesterolemic rabbits: the contractions caused by serotonergic mechanisms tend to be augmented, while those to alpha-adrenergic activation are decreased, the endothelium-independent relaxations are modified only in the more severely affected arteries, and the endothelium-dependent relaxations are progressively inhibited as the degree of fatty streak formation augments, probably because a step subsequent to the release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor is altered. PMID- 3486055 TI - Intraoperative evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses with high frequency epicardial echocardiography: experimental validation and initial patient studies. AB - There is currently no accepted approach for intraoperative evaluation of the technical adequacy of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses. High-frequency epicardial echocardiography performed intraoperatively could assess coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses by providing on-line short-axis (cross-sectional) and longitudinal two-dimensional images of the vessels. To validate measurements of anastomoses with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography, luminal diameter determined by high-frequency epicardial echocardiography was compared with that determined histologically after perfusion fixation in 12 dogs studied after coronary artery bypass grafting. Technical errors were deliberately created in some grafts. The results of these animal validation studies showed that maximum luminal diameter of the anastomosis by high-frequency epicardial echocardiography correlated well with histologic measurements (r = .92; high-frequency epicardial echocardiography = 0.8 histology + 0.3). All deliberately created technical errors were detected by an independent observer using high-frequency epicardial echocardiography. After completion of the animal studies, we demonstrated the clinical applicability of this approach in 12 patients. Fifteen coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses were examined intraoperatively with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography. The measured maximum luminal diameter of the anastomosis was greater than the maximum luminal diameter of the native artery, as expected, in all end-to-side anastomoses. However, the maximum luminal diameter of the side-to-side anastomoses was equal to or slightly less than that of the native artery. In this initial patient group, minor technical errors were noted in two of 15 graft anastomoses. In conclusion, high-frequency epicardial echocardiography can accurately measure coronary arterial bypass graft anastomoses and has potential for intraoperative detection of technical errors and inadequacies. PMID- 3486056 TI - The effect of medical and surgical treatment on subsequent sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. AB - The effect of medical and surgical treatment on subsequent sudden cardiac death was assessed in 13,476 patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry who had significant coronary artery disease, operable vessels, and no significant valvular disease. (Patients were assigned to medical or surgical therapy on the basis of clinical judgment and not according to a randomization scheme; therefore, biases associated with unknown variables could not be evaluated.) Sudden cardiac death occurred in 452 patients (3.4%) during a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. Five year survival free of sudden death for medically treated patients was 94 +/- 0.3%, and that for surgically treated patients was 98 +/- 0.2% (p less than .0001). Twelve baseline clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic variables were significantly different between patients alive at the last follow up and those suffering sudden death. Data on these variables were available for 11,508 patients. Sudden death occurred in 257 (4.9%) of 5258 medically treated and 101 (1.6%) of 6250 surgically treated patients. In a high-risk patient subset with three-vessel disease and history of congestive heart failure, 91% of surgically treated patients had not suffered sudden death compared with 69% of medically treated patients. After Cox survival analysis was used to correct for baseline variables, surgical treatment had an independent effect on sudden death (p less than .0001). This reduction was most pronounced in high-risk patients. PMID- 3486057 TI - Energy metabolism in adenosine deaminase-inhibited human erythrocytes. AB - The metabolic changes induced by the deoxycoformycin inhibition of adenosine deaminase were studied in human erythrocytes incubated with nucleosides. 1 Adenosine nucleotide levels and glycolytic rate were increased by adenosine. 2 With deoxyadenosine, the cellular ATP level was reduced when dATP increased and the glycolytic rate was similarly enhanced. 3 The hypoxanthine production was equivalent in both cases. Our data demonstrate that human red cells are able to catabolize adenine deoxynucleotides into hypoxanthine, and the control of energy metabolism is not impaired by adenosine deaminase inhibition when PO identical to 4 and NAD+ are not limiting. PMID- 3486058 TI - Serum glycoproteins and prognosis in cancer of the head and neck. AB - Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, alpha 1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 2 HS glycoprotein and prealbumin were studied in 44 patients with cancer of the head and neck and in a control group. The three primary glycoproteins were considerably elevated in the patients, particularly in stage IV. In the group of patients who died before 30 months after treatment the haptoglobin was significantly elevated compared to those who survived beyond this point. Only values for the alpha 1 acid glycoprotein greater than 150 mg/dl were a prognostic factor of similar precision to that of stage IV. This correlation could not be shown for the other glycoproteins. PMID- 3486059 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and the flaccid lung syndrome. The heterozygote controversy. AB - A significantly higher number of PI ZZ and PI MZ individuals was found in a flaccid lung population as compared to internal and healthy controls. The relative risk for ZZ is 12.5 and for MZ 1.8. We conclude that if a PI MZ individual does develop lung disease, the excess risk due to the deficiency is negligible compared to MM individuals and is highly influenced or modified by other factors, possibly including both environmental and genetic. PMID- 3486060 TI - Deficient expression of MHC class II antigens in some cases of human B cell leukaemia. AB - Cells from the peripheral blood of patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were examined for the expression of MHC class II antigens, using a number of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) including L243 (anti-DR) and TU22 (anti-DQ). There was wide variation in expression of MHC class II antigens in CLL, both from patient to patient and among cells from the same individual. In a number of subjects a significant proportion of the cells had detectable levels of expression of DR antigens but not of DQ antigens. In some cases of ALL although almost all cells were MHC class II positive, DQ expression was undetectable. Differentiation of CLL cells, induced by culturing the cells with 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was accompanied by increases in MHC class II expression at the cell surface of up to more than 20-fold, and resulted in detectable expression of DQ antigens on greater than 90% of the cells in all the subjects studied. PMID- 3486061 TI - An unusual variant of T-CLL: evidence for the existence of a hitherto unrecognized T cell subset. AB - A case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) with an unusual mature membrane phenotype: E+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, M1+, Leu-15+, Fc gamma+, is described. The cells were large granular lymphocytes with slight immature features. Functionally these cells lacked helper, suppressor and NK activity but possessed normal levels of K activity. These findings demonstrate several features not previously described in T-CLL: the coexpression of the antigens detected by T4, M1 and Leu-15 the presence of Fc gamma receptors on CD4+ lymphocytes and the lack of NK activity in M1+, Fc gamma+ cells. This study broadens the known heterogeneity of T-CLL and suggests the existence of a hitherto unrecognized normal T-lymphocyte subset with the same functional and phenotypic characteristics as in the case described here. PMID- 3486062 TI - T lymphocyte colonies are the progeny of single cells. AB - T lymphocyte colonies, arising from phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated mononuclear cells cultured in a semi-solid agar matrix, could be the progeny of single cells (monoclonal) or of multiple cells (polyclonal). We have conducted several studies to determine if these colonies are monoclonal or polyclonal in origin. Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male-female, HLA-A and B disparate donor pairs were incubated for 18 h in RPMI 1640 containing PHA and fetal calf serum (FCS) and then cultured in a two-layer semi-solid agar system. After 5 days of incubation, the clonality of the colonies was assessed by in situ Y chromatin analysis, and by analysis of HLA-A and B locus antigens. Overlayers were stained with quinicrine dihydrochloride and the number of cells in the T cell colonies with Y chromatin enumerated using fluorescence microscopy. In other studies, colonies were picked from the agar with a capillary pipette and expanded in culture media. After 17 days of culture, cells were harvested and HLA A and B phenotypes were determined. The results indicate that 87% of the T cell colonies had cells of either male or female origin. In addition, 90% of the colonies possessed HLA-phenotypes of only one donor. We conclude that Y chromatin and HLA analysis of individual colonies from cocultures suggest the monoclonality of T lymphocyte colonies. PMID- 3486063 TI - Impaired IgG response to tetanus toxoid in human membranous nephropathy: association with HLA-DR3. AB - The IgG response to tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization was quantitated by by radioimmunoassay in patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and healthy controls. Variation in subclass (ELISA) and electrical charge (isoelectric focussing, immunofixation & autoradiography) of the IgG response were also assessed. Total IgG and igG subclass responses were impaired in MN compared to controls, although this was only significant for IgG-3 (P less than 0 X 05). Non responders to TT were more common in MN, and response was independent of disease activity. No distinctive pattern of IgG subclass response or IgG spectrotype was seen in MN. Impaired response to TT was associated with HLA-DR3 among controls, and in MN (88 X 8% of whom were DR3) markedly depressed responses occurred in apparent DR3 homozygotes. PMID- 3486065 TI - Idiotypes of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies produced in autoimmune B/W mice are expressed in normal mice. AB - An anti-idiotypic antiserum was prepared in a rabbit immunized against a pool of six monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies generated in B/W mice. This antiserum detected idiotypic determinants in four of the six monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies but also in the serum of several non autoimmune strains (BALB/c, NZB X BALB/c) F1 hybrids & CBA/LH). The antiserum also reacted, but only to a weak degree, with B/W mouse sera. These results indicate that some idiotypes of anti-DNA antibodies produced by autoimmune B/W mice are present in normal mouse sera. PMID- 3486064 TI - Idiotypes on antibodies to the La (SS-B) antigen are restricted and associated with the antigen binding site. AB - Rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared against affinity purified autoantibodies to the ribonucleoprotein La (SS-B) antigen from the sera of three unrelated patients. Each anti-idiotype recognized private idiotypes expressed only on the immunizing anti-La antibody. In each case they were conformationally dependent and related to the antigen binding site. This demonstration of immunodominant private idiotypes on human autoantibodies to ribonucleoproteins is in direct contrast to the cross-reactive idiotypes described on rheumatoid factors and autoantibodies to DNA. We discuss the possibility that anti-La antibodies, unlike anti-DNA, arise as a result of autoantigenic stimulation. PMID- 3486066 TI - D-penicillamine: a modulator of anti-DNA antibodies production. AB - The effect of D-Penicillamine (DP) on the in vitro production of anti-DNA antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from healthy individuals was studied. Anti DNA antibodies were measured in culture supernatants using a sensitive microenzyme-linked immunoassay technique. The results of this investigation suggest that DP can act as an immunomodulator capable of potentiating or initiating anti-DNA antibodies synthesis as well as suppressing it. Although PBMC from both SLE patients and controls were responsive to this thiol compound, our results indicate that PBMC from patients with SLE were more susceptible to the enhancing effect of DP than did PBMC from controls. The cellular mechanism by which this drug can modulate anti-DNA antibodies production is discussed. PMID- 3486067 TI - Extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) autoantibodies in SLE: an immunogenetic relationship with HLA, C4 and Bf alleles. AB - Sera from 36 subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined for extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) autoantibodies by immunoassay with the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) subset being determined by immunodiffusion. The prevalence of the genetic markers of HLA, the fourth complement component (C4) and properdin factor (Bf), which are all coded for within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 were analysed in relation to various parameters of these autoantibodies. The following associations were observed: The lowest ENA antibody titres of the RNP negative group were associated with HLA A9 (P less than 0.05), while the lowest RNA-ase sensitive ENA (RSE) subset antibody levels were associated with HLA Dr 1 (P less than 0.05). For the complement markers, C4 AQo was associated with the lowest affinity ENA antibodies (P less than 0.05), while the BF F allele and Fs phenotype had lower RSE antibody levels than did the S allele (P less than 0.05) and the SS phenotype (P less than 0.05) respectively. This study demonstrated diverse association between various MHC markers and ENA antibody parameters, indicating that there are distinctive immunogenetic influences over ENA autoantibodies in SLE. PMID- 3486068 TI - Difference in the biological properties of the two forms of the fourth component of human complement (C4). AB - The two forms of human C4 were compared in their haemolytic activity and in their capacity to mediate inhibition of immune complex precipitation in human C4 deficient sera. Whereas haemolysis by C4B was 3.2 fold more efficient than by C4A, C4A was 1.7 fold more efficient at inhibiting immune precipitation than C4B. Thus the biological properties of the two forms of human C4 are different and it is suggested that C4A is mainly involved in immune complex clearance reactions. PMID- 3486069 TI - Differential proliferative responses of B cells from BALB/c and autoimmune NZB mice to B-cell growth factor(s). AB - Highly purified B cells from NZB mice have altered responses to various stimuli which require additional costimulatory signals supplied by factors present in EL 4 supernatants when compared to age-matched control nonautoimmune strains. Both crude preparations of EL-4 supernatants as well as partially purified BSF-p1 induced peak proliferation in B cells from normal strains of mice only in the presence of another stimulatory signal, anti-mu. In contrast, B cells from autoimmune-prone NZB mice proliferated in response to B-cell growth factors, with an age-dependent variation. Splenic B cells from 16- to 22-week-old NZB mice, an age where pronounced autoimmune disease is not observed, demonstrated a near maximum proliferative response with B-cell growth factors alone. While normal B cells responded maximally to BSF-p1 in the presence of anti-mu, B cells from young adult NZB mice (16-22 weeks of age) were not further stimulated to proliferate upon the addition of anti-mu. Such NZB B cells appeared to lack the requirement for a stimulation signal delivered by anti-mu in order to respond to B-cell growth factors. These results suggested that NZB cells were partially activated in vivo in the preautoimmune state so that subliminal triggers lead to full activation. PMID- 3486070 TI - The effects of pertussis toxin on the induction and transfer of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), an intraocular inflammatory disease, is induced in experimental animals by immunization with a retinal specific antigen, S-antigen (S-Ag), emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The induction of EAU is enhanced by treating S-Ag-immunized animals with Bordetella pertussis. This study examined the effects of a purified component of B. pertussis, pertussis toxin (Ptx), on EAU induction as well as the mode of action of this toxin. Treatment of Lewis rats with Ptx concurrent with S-Ag and CFA enhanced EAU induction as shown by an earlier onset of disease, increased severity of ocular changes, and the reduction of the threshold amount of S-Ag needed for EAU induction. Treatment with Ptx selectively enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to S-Ag but did not affect specific antibody production. The mode of action of Ptx was analyzed by using the adoptive transfer of EAU by sensitized lymphocytes. Ptx treatment of donor rats enhanced the capacity of lymphocytes to transfer EAU. However, Ptx treatment of recipient rats on the day of cell transfer resulted in a delay in the onset of disease. These results indicate that Ptx enhances the immunopathogenic processes of EAU by enhancing lymphocyte activation and/or increasing their pathogenic activities. PMID- 3486071 TI - Splenic migration of xid and non-xid splenic B cells. AB - The X-linked immune deficiency gene (xid) has been viewed as inducing either a deficiency in a B-cell subset or in B-cell maturation. The present experiments were performed in an attempt to better understand whether (a) xid B cells migrate differently from mature and immature non-xid B cells, and (b) whether the failure of mature B cells to be found in xid spleen, but not Peyer's patches, is secondary to migratory differences, especially the possible inability of xid spleens to receive mature B cells. We employed the technique of internally fluorescein labeling donor cells and subsequent injection into recipients. Double labeling permitted analysis of B or T cells by two-color flow microfluorometry. Functional studies revealed that labeled cells appropriately responded to TI-1 and TI-2 antigens after migration. We found that (a) adult xid splenic B cells do not migrate to spleen as well as adult non-xid splenic B cells, (b) the migration of adult xid splenic B cells to spleen resembles that of neonatal (xid and non xid) B cells, (c) equal masses of xid and non-xid spleens have an equal capacity to receive either xid or non-xid splenic B cells, and (d) the migration of xid and non-xid T cells is similar. These results suggest that xid B cells do not migrate normally, but that migratory differences cannot account for the failure of mature B cells to be found in xid spleens. PMID- 3486072 TI - Cross-reactive idiotypes in anti-DNA antibodies of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. AB - Cross-reactive idiotypes associated with the combining site of anti-double stranded DNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus patients were demonstrated by the ability of isologous lupus sera to block functionally the binding of target anti-DNA antibodies to DNA in vitro. A framework idiotype, denoted AM Id, was identified using xenogeneic anti-idiotype antibodies rendered specific by affinity absorptions. The AM Id was found in 85% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 63) and correlated positively with anti-DNA antibodies. Analysis of the distribution of the AM Id among individuals showed that, while present in anti-DNA antibodies to varying degrees in individual patients, it was also found in variable amounts on non-DNA-binding immunoglobulins. These results indicate that the AM Id and anti-DNA antibodies represent overlapping populations of immunoglobulins. PMID- 3486073 TI - Spontaneous recurrent fetal wastage and autoimmune abnormalities: a study of fourteen cases. AB - Case records of 14 women with spontaneous recurrent fetal wastage were analyzed. Venous and/or arterial thrombosis developed in nine patients and vasospastic symptoms in eight. Every patient had some kind of autoantibodies: prothrombin activation inhibitor was present in seven cases, anticardiolipin in five, and, antimitochondrial antibodies in two. Antinuclear antibodies were present in seven cases, and significant titer of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in nine cases. With a mean follow up of 6.5 years no patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus. It is suggested that such women have a peculiar form of vasculitis. PMID- 3486074 TI - Vitamin E supplementation in hemodialysis patients: effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells lipid peroxidation and immune response. AB - Lipid peroxidation and vitamin E levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied in 10 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Significant increases of PBMC malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were detected, together with low vitamin E levels. After a fifteen-day-course of parenteral vitamin E supplementation, PBMC MDA reverted to normal values, while PBMC vitamin E levels remained lower than controls. In a parallel study an immunological monitoring was performed in the same patients before and after vitamin E supplementation. NK activity and PHA blastogenesis were not influenced by treatment, while a reduction of the number of OKT8+ lymphocytes were observed after vitamin E therapy. It is tempting to speculate that peroxidative damage of PBMC cell membranes in hemodialysis patients could, by impairing their functionality, influence immune responses and expression of functionally relevant membrane determinants. PMID- 3486075 TI - Reduced in vivo leucocyte migration and elastase and lysozyme concentrations in skin chamber experiments with piroxicam in healthy volunteers. AB - Leucocyte migration in vivo, studied with a skin chamber technique was inhibited in eight healthy volunteers after six days' medication with piroxicam, 20 mg a day, but not after only one day's medication. The inhibition was not correlated to the serum content of the drug. The median trough values of piroxicam in serum were 2.5 mg/l and in blister fluid 1.2 mg/l after six days' medication. Leucocyte migration in vitro under agarose was not inhibited after six days' medication with piroxicam. When normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes were incubated with piroxicam in vitro migration under agarose was inhibited but only at piroxicam concentrations higher than those attainable in clinical therapy. The concentrations of elastase and lysozyme in the skin chamber decreased after six days' medication with piroxicam. PMID- 3486077 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Turner's syndrome. AB - An increased risk for autoimmune diseases has been recognized in Turner's syndrome (T.S.). However autoimmune rheumatic or connective tissue disorders have not been described. We report here on a 8-8/12 year old caucasian girl with T.S. and Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA). The hypothesis that the association is more than casual is discussed. PMID- 3486076 TI - Complement activation products and factors influencing phagocyte migration in synovial fluids from children with chronic arthritis. AB - Synovial fluids from children with chronic arthritis were examined simultaneously for the presence of complement activation products and factors affecting phagocyte migration. The concentrations of C3a and C5a, but not C4a, were found to be elevated relative to normal plasma. However, the C3a and C5a concentrations in synovial fluid did not correlate with C1q binding values or with degree of migration inhibition or chemoattraction caused by that fluid. Although this data implies complement activation occurs in inflamed joints in juvenile arthritis, the specific role of immune complexes remains unproven. PMID- 3486079 TI - [Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with delayed ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia]. PMID- 3486078 TI - Radionuclide scintigraphy of femoral head specimens removed at arthroplasty for failed femoral neck fractures. AB - In order to determine the value of scintimetry as a tool for quantitative measurement of femoral head vascularity, the results of postoperative scintigraphic and histologic examination of surgically removed femoral head specimens were compared with those of preoperative radionuclide scintigraphy in 19 failed femoral neck fractures. Following intravenous administration of 600 MBq of Tc-99m MDP before hip replacement, the activity distribution in femoral head sections was recorded with a gamma camera and the area of isotope uptake calculated. A correlation was found between the results of preoperative noninvasive radionuclide scintigraphy and the assessment of isotope uptake in the removed femoral head specimens (r = 0.83, p less than .001) and was confirmed by the results of histologic examination. There is a risk, however, of overestimating the ratio of isotope uptake between the femoral head on the fracture side relative to the contralateral side with respect to quantitative assessment of femoral head vascularity, due to the general increase in isotope owing to accumulation in the injured hip region. The calculations, however, reflect the levels of radionuclide uptake and the varying degrees of femoral head vascularity. PMID- 3486081 TI - The high-tech hand surgery interface. AB - We have reviewed a potpourri of high-tech advances of interest to the hand surgeon: electronically controlled prostheses, functional neuromuscular stimulation, computer graphics, data base computer programs, 3-D imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and lasers--fields that point toward new directions in medicine, in general, and in our specialty, in particular, as we enter the twenty-first century. With clearer understanding of the basics, we can overcome the natural tendencies of negativism fostered by the complexities of the new ideas and proceed with optimism and curiosity. PMID- 3486080 TI - SPECT gallium imaging in abdominal lymphoma. AB - A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the abdomen studied by gallium SPECT imaging is reported. The tomographic slices accurately demonstrated the location of residual disease after chemotherapy in the region of the transverse mesocolon. Previous transmission CT had shown considerable persistent retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, but was not helpful in determining the presence of viable lymphoma. PMID- 3486082 TI - Toothbrushing sequence in smokers and nonsmokers. PMID- 3486083 TI - An actively secreting Fordyce granule. A case report. PMID- 3486084 TI - Assessing perceptions of dental health behavior. PMID- 3486086 TI - Human calcitonin gene related peptide: a potent endogenous vasodilator in man. AB - In addition to calcitonin and katacalcin, it is now known that the human calcitonin gene encodes a novel peptide called calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). In experimental animals, CGRP produces vasodilatation and complex changes in plasma calcium. We have now assessed its biological activity in man by infusing human CGRP (hCGRP) into six normal volunteers. hCGRP (545 pmol/min) caused the diastolic pressure to fall from 64 +/- 5 to 55 +/- 7 mmHg (P less than 0.05), the heart rate to increase from 61 +/- 7 to 87 +/- 5 beats/min (P less than 0.05) and the skin temperature to increase from 33.7 +/- 0.9 to 34.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Plasma noradrenaline increased from 481 +/- 126 to 835 +/- 65 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) and plasma adrenaline from 57 +/- 17 to 82 +/- 12 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in the albumin-corrected plasma calcium. hCGRP is thus a potent endogenous vasodilator in man and is in fact more potent than any other known vasodilator. Together with the observations that CGRP circulates in normal subjects at relatively high concentration (approximately 25 pmol/l) and that CGRP is present in perivascular nerves, this study suggests a possible role for CGRP in controlling peripheral vascular tone in man. PMID- 3486085 TI - The effect of glycyrrhizin on in vitro fluoride uptake by tooth enamel and subsequent demineralization. PMID- 3486087 TI - [Neurosurgical therapy of pain]. PMID- 3486088 TI - [Treatment of musculoskeletal diseases with a long half-life NSAID]. PMID- 3486089 TI - Use of rapidly generated results in patient management. AB - The usefulness of a rapid diagnostic test in patient management depends on the sensitivity of the test, the clinical consequences of false-negative or false positive results, the ease and cost of performance, and the timely availability of results. A test that is sensitive, specific, inexpensive, and rapid is presumed to be useful clinically. However, there has been surprisingly little effort to measure the actual impact of the results on patient care. Since antigen detection for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease has been available for more than a decade, it will be used as a model to illustrate several factors that help determine the benefits, limitations, and pitfalls of antigen detection in the management of patients with serious bacterial infections. Herein we will compare the use of antigen detection in meningitis with that in other Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases. We also will review our experience with the impact of rapid diagnosis on the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Finally, other factors that influence the usefulness of antigen detection on patient care will be explored by comparing the potential consequences of laboratory error on the management of patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b infections with that of management of other kinds of infections, such as streptococcal pharyngitis, sexually transmitted diseases, and viral respiratory infections. PMID- 3486090 TI - Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3486091 TI - Costing acute myocardial infarction in New South Wales, Australia, based on incidence rather than prevalence methods. PMID- 3486092 TI - Measurement of sequential changes in plasma volume immediately after aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - This study assessed the reliability of 131I albumin-dilution for measuring induced changes in plasma volume (PV) immediately after coronary bypass surgery. After injection of the tracer, blood samples were collected from 18 control patients to obtain 131I albumin decay curves in the plasma. These curves were used to construct a mathematical model describing tracer decay. PV was then calculated in control patients, and in 51 study patients who received plasma expanders on the first postoperative morning. At 1, 15, 30, and 60 min after volume loading in the study group, dilution volumes were calculated as the difference between predicted and observed plasma radioactivity levels. These calculations were compared to an independent measurement of PV. This method was associated with a measurement error no greater than +/- 12% in 82% of the 51 study patients. It tended to underestimate PV by 2.4%. PMID- 3486093 TI - Decreased serum interleukin 1 activity and monocyte interleukin 1 production in patients with fatal sepsis. AB - The role of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in 16 patients with sepsis and 16 normal controls was investigated. Thymocyte costimulation was used to assay in vitro IL 1 levels produced by adherent cells in the peripheral blood, and in vivo IL 1 levels in the serum. Adherent cells (i.e., monocytes) from nonsurviving septic patients produced significantly less IL 1 activity than cells from healthy controls or surviving patients, either spontaneously or by silica stimulation. In contrast, in vitro IL 2 production by T lymphocytes was not altered in septic patients. Serum IL 1 activity was determined using serum fractions from high pressure liquid chromatographic gel filtration. Suppressor factors in healthy subjects as well as septic patients usually eluted at molecular weights above 50 kilodaltons, while IL 1-like activity was normally present between 35 and 1 kilodaltons. Sera of nonsurviving septic patients contained significantly less IL 1 compared to that of controls or surviving patients. Thus, decreased serum IL 1 levels and diminished monocyte production of IL 1 appear to be negative prognostic indicators, possibly reflecting a breakdown of mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 3486094 TI - Computed tomography of obstructive jaundice secondary to duodenal hematoma. AB - Duodenal hematoma is an unusual condition, usually secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Even more unusual is the rare development of obstructive jaundice and the attendant computed tomography findings. Nontraumatic causes of duodenal hematoma are also discussed. PMID- 3486096 TI - Is HLA-DR3 a risk factor in PLA1-negative pregnant women? PMID- 3486095 TI - Ambiguities of aging: Japanese experience and perceptions of menopause. AB - The initial findings of this study indicate that menopause is regarded as a natural life-cycle transition in Japan in which the biological marker of cessation of menstruation is not considered to be of great importance. Symptom reporting among all respondents is generally low regardless of menopausal status, and symptoms such as shoulder stiffness and headaches, which are reported frequently, are not linked specifically to menopausal status (even though individual informants may perceive them to be so). Symptoms of hot flashes and sudden perspiration are higher among peri- and post-menopausal women, but their prevalence appears to be much lower than research findings from other areas to date. Reports by Japanese gynecologists emphasize that menopausal women are liable to present with numerous non-specific somatic complaints. This may well be an accurate representation of a clinical population, but the findings of this present study indicate that such a picture is by no means representative of the average middle-aged female population in Japan. While occupational differences do not contribute to variation in reported symptomatology (with the exception of lumbago and shoulder stiffness), there are nevertheless considerable differences in the subjective meaning of menopause, many of which can be accounted for by class and occupational differences. Presentation of these differences awaits a future publication, but there is one topic which is of concern to the majority of the respondents from each of the sub-samples. The present generation of women entering their 50's are the first where the majority must face later middle age in a nuclear family, along with their husbands, although both they and their husbands have been socialized for the more distant male/female relationships of an extended family. Japanese women cannot look forward, as they did in the past, to the power and comforts derived from running an extended family; on the contrary many can expect a late middle age of looking after bed-ridden parents or parents-in-law, and a lonely, isolated and often poverty-stricken old age (Steslicke 1984), since many pension programs are by no means adequate. Some of their fears about aging are expressed in their views on menopause, but these fears do not appear to be manifested at all prominently as either psychological or somatic representations. When asked to compare their lives with that of their own mothers, stories of incredible hardships from pre- and immediately post-war Japan are vividly portrayed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486097 TI - Postoperative ST-segment elevation in coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Using Holter monitors, 50 patients were monitored for vasospasm following coronary artery bypass surgery. Transient 2 mm ST-segment elevation was considered to be diagnostic or coronary vasospasm. Four patients (8 percent) had evidence of coronary vasospasm. Over 30 variables, including preoperative demographic information and medication, intraoperative technique, and postoperative medication, were subjected to multiple stepwise regression analysis. This analysis failed to show any association between preoperative prophylaxis with either nifedipine or nitrates (or other variables) and the postoperative development of coronary vasospasm. We conclude that the incidence of coronary vasospasm is more common than previously thought, and that a nifedipine or nitrate withdrawal, in this study, was not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative coronary vasospasm. PMID- 3486098 TI - Use of sodium nitroprusside in post-coronary bypass surgery. A plea for conservatism. AB - In 292 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, seven patients developed sodium nitroprusside (SNP) toxicity in the postoperative period. Duration of infusion varied between 26 to 160 hrs and total SNP dose ranged from 1.8 to 12 mg/kg body weight. All patients were critically ill and required ventilatory support in the postoperative period. Tachyphylaxis to SNP requiring increase of SNP dose for control of hypertension, and loss of consciousness were the major signs of toxicity. Other commonly described signs of SNP toxicity were absent in those patients. Discontinuation of SNP therapy and treatment with sodium thiosulfate was followed by improvement in four patients. Three patients who failed to regain consciousness later died because of hemodynamic, pulmonary and/or renal complications. Our observation suggests that recommended doses of SNP may be toxic in unstable post-CABG patients. We recommend that the dose and duration of SNP infusion be minimized in critically ill patients. PMID- 3486099 TI - Recent advances in serodiagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 3486100 TI - Specific metabolic effect of sodium nitrite on fat metabolism by mucosal cells of the colon. AB - The effect on the mucosa of sodium nitrite that enters the colon from the ileum or transmucosally from the circulation is unknown. Isolated colonic mucosal cells and Roux-en-Y colostomies were used to test whether high doses of sodium nitrite (5-40 mM) had any harmful histological or inhibitory metabolic actions on the mucosa. Luminal instillation of 40 mM NaNO2 (3 ml/24 hr) for 7-14 days produced no microscopic changes in the mucosa either of damage (ulceration, mucus cell depletion) or of new growth (dysplasia, neoplasia). Beta oxidation of bacterial fatty acids (n-butyrate) by colonic epithelial cells in rat and man was enhanced by 50% (P less than 0.001) with 10 mM NaNO2, while oxidation of glucose and amino acid (proline) was not affected. Sodium nitrite significantly depressed ketogenesis (P less than 0.001) by the colonic mucosa of rat and man. In conclusion, sodium nitrite in the presence of bacteria has no damaging effect on the colonic mucosa but causes selective stimulation of fatty acid oxidation in the colonic mucosa of rat and man. PMID- 3486101 TI - Flicker electroretinogram in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded as a function of flicker frequency from 5 to 50 Hz for 14 retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients, 12 normal subjects and 1 rod monochromat. Data were analyzed by measuring the angular position of the response maximum, i.e. the phase, as a function of pulse-train frequency. Flicker ERGs obtained from the RP patients showed non-linear, frequency-dependent phase shifts when compared to the normal data. These phase shifts were simulated in a normal observer by attenuating the stimulus luminance by 1 log unit. However, the shape of the waveforms recorded from the normal differed markedly from those recorded from the RP patients. The differences, but not the ratios of the times-to-peak of the positive and negative ERG wavelets were longer in the RP patients than in the normal. These data suggest that the temporal anomalies in the RP flicker ERG are most likely due to changes in the amplitudes and time constants of the ERG components, and not simply to a reduced quantum catch or photoreceptor loss. PMID- 3486102 TI - [Regulation of protein biosynthesis in non-lymphoid cells requires the participation of receptors recognizing the same protein via the site similar to the antibody active site]. PMID- 3486103 TI - [Characteristic organization of axon-axon synapses in unipolar autonomic neurons]. PMID- 3486104 TI - Relative abuse of diazepam and oxazepam: prescription forgeries and theft/loss reports in Sweden. AB - Results of previous laboratory studies in humans suggest that the benzodiazepine diazepam has greater abuse liability than the benzodiazepine oxazepam. The validity of these laboratory-based experimental data were examined by analyzing Swedish data on drug abuse. Sales and prescription data showed that use of diazepam was somewhat lower than oxazepam, but of the same general order of magnitude (0.8:1). Prescription data showed that the drugs were prescribed for the same diagnostic indications. After adjustment for differences in use, 'prescription forgeries' and 'mentions in theft and loss reports' were found to be more frequent for diazepam than for oxazepam (2.3:1 and 2.5:1 for forgeries and theft/loss reports, respectively). This effect was consistent for each year examined (1982, 1983, 1984) and occurred when the data were recalculated to exclude Valium, the original and most widely known brand of diazepam. Finally, this pattern with prescription forgeries occurred across different geographical regions in Sweden (1982, 1983). PMID- 3486106 TI - [Continuous subcutaneous deferoxamine infusions in thalassemia major. Improvement in glucose tolerance]. AB - Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions were studied in 30 patients with homozygotic beta-thalassaemia. All were treated with continuous subcutaneous deferoxamine infusions for a mean period of 30 months. Three patients (aged 18-22 years) had insulin-dependent diabetes, two before and one shortly after the onset of deferoxamine administration. There was no improvement during the treatment. An abnormal glucose tolerance test was demonstrated in 14 patients (47%) before and in seven (23%) during deferoxamine infusion. Enzyme activity of alpha-amylase and lipase as an expression of exocrine pancreatic function was normal in all during the observation period. Improvement in endocrine pancreatic function was apparently age-dependent: the younger the patient at the onset of treatment the more likely is normalization of the oral glucose tolerance test. PMID- 3486105 TI - [Immediate sclerotherapy of acute hemorrhaging esophageal varices in emergency endoscopy. A prospective study]. AB - During a three-year period 145 consecutive patients with bleeding from oesophageal varices underwent immediate endoscopic sclerotherapy, by para- or intra- and paravascular injection of 4-40 ml 0.5% polidocanol. If the bleeding was not stopped within 15 minutes, a Linton-Nachlas tube was introduced. In case of bleeding recurrences from gastric varices or oesophageal ulcerations a gastro oesophageal disconnection (after Hassab-Paquet) was performed as an emergency measure or electively. During the bleeding-free interval shunt criteria were examined and, if positive, an elective shunt operation was recommended. Hospital mortality was 16.5%, overall mortality during the period of the study was 29.5%. The results indicate that immediate sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal varices improves the prognosis, but it should be undertaken only in centres equipped for emergency endoscopy by an experienced immediately available team. PMID- 3486107 TI - [Immune reactions in the central nervous system]. PMID- 3486108 TI - [Neurological reactions to a disturbed immune system]. PMID- 3486109 TI - Potential metabolic significance of blood thiocyanate. PMID- 3486110 TI - Endemic goitre in Finland and changes during 30 years of iodine prophylaxis. AB - Endemic goitre of moderate severity was mainly found in the East of Finland still in the 1950s but the whole country was moderately iodine deficient. The daily iodine intake determined both from food consumption and from the urinary excretion in population samples was 50-70 micrograms being lower in the East. The main iodine sources were milk products, about 50% of the daily intake being derived from these. Iodized salt was available but its use was very low and the iodine content insufficient so that only about 20% came from this source. In the late 1950s iodine prophylaxis was activated and since then only salt containing 25 mg KI/kg has been imported. However, during the last decades the consumption of salt has declined from 7-8 g to less than 4 g per day. Today the iodine intake in Finland is about 300 micrograms per day, the highest in Europe. The main sources are milk products and eggs which provide about 2/3 of the daily iodine intake due to an active iodine prophylaxis of house animals and only 20% comes from iodized salt. The origin of endemic goitre in Finland has obviously been multifactorial autoimmunity, natural goitrogens and possibly genetic factors being superimposed upon the basic iodine deficiency. The iodine supply is now adequate and there is no more goitre in neonates and no endemic goitre in school children in whom the prevalence is usually below 1%. Concomitantly, the nosology of hyperthyroidism has changed. Whereas more than 80% of hyperthyroid patients in the 1950s had nodular goitre the main type of hyperthyroidism today is Graves' disease proper with a small or normal-sized thyroid gland without nodules obviously due to disappearance of the endemic nodular goitre. PMID- 3486112 TI - Treatment of endemic goitre with iodine and thyroid hormones, alone or in combination. (Preliminary report). AB - 108 patients with endemic nontoxic goitre have been treated in the field with thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and potassium iodide (KI), singly or in combination, or with placebo. After 6 months of continuous treatment, goitre size decreased significantly in the 7 actively treated groups, but not in the one treated with placebo. The combination of 150 micrograms T4 + 150 micrograms KI daily seemed the most effective treatment, both clinically and by its suppression of the 131I uptake and the TSH response to TRH, followed by 100 micrograms T4 + 25 micrograms T3 or 200 micrograms T4, but the difference from the other groups was not statistically significant. The increase in the pulse rate (PR) and the shortening of the photomotogram of the Achilles tendon reflex (PMG) were taken as indices of thyrotoxicity and side-effects of the treatment. There was no significant difference in the side-effects between any two of the active groups if effectiveness was also taken into account. The decrease in goitre size was not correlated to either the final serum T3 value achieved at the end of the treatment, or the thyroidal 131I uptake. There was, however, a weak but significant correlation between the decrease in goitre size and the TSH response to TRH. This casts some doubt to the concept that thyroid hormones decrease goitre size solely by suppressing the pituitary TSH release. Of the 30 patients treated with KI singly or in combination and studied in this respect, 8 developed autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and/or the thyroidal microsomal antigen compared to 1 of 22 not receiving KI (P = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486111 TI - Thyroid autoimmunity and endemic goiter. AB - The goitrogenic role of autoimmune phenomena in endemic goiter is still uncertain. Scanty and discrepant results have been reported in different areas of the world. This prompted us to evaluate the prevalence of circulating thyroid antibodies in an area of northwestern Tuscany during a survey for endemic goiter. The survey was carried out according to the P.A.H.O. criteria in a stable community. In all schoolchildren (n = 142; age range 7-15 years) and in most of their parents (n = 159), thyroid size was evaluated and urine was collected for iodine determination. Blood was drawn for determination of circulating thyroid microsomal (MAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). TSH binding-inhibiting (TBIAb) and thyroid growth-stimulating antibodies (TGSAb), TT3, TT4 and TSH. Prevalence of goiter in schoolchildren was 77.9% and 94.8% in their parents. Mean (+/- S.D.) urinary iodine excretion was 55.0 +/- 2.1 micrograms/24 h. The overall frequency of TgAB and MAB in the adult population was 14.4, statistically higher than of control subjects matched for sex and age. The frequency in schoolchildren was 4.3%. TBIAb and TGSAb were undetectable in all tested cases. The presence of goiter in children was unrelated with the presence of thyroid antibodies in parents, whether goitrous or non-goitrois. A higher prevalence of goiter was found in children with goitrous parents as compared to children with non-goitrous parents (P less than less than 0.005). In conclusion, the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies in the adult population of the endemic area studies was increased, but showed no relation with the presence of goiter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486113 TI - Thyroid status during pregnancy and post partum in regions of iodine deficiency and endemic goiter. AB - During pregnancy the thyroid is subjected to increased demands which is associated with a tendency to endogenous iodine deficiency. Under the conditions of insufficient iodine supply in the GDR the pathophysiological changes result in: 1. prevalence of goiter in about 60% of pregnant women; 2. enlargement of the extent of neck in more than 50% of all pregnant women examined only returning to the prepregnant status in 25%-40%; 3. prevalence of goiter in newborn with 5%; 12.8% of 1948 stilborn had macroscopically an enlarged thyroid gland, the highest weight being 45 g. More than 53% of the stilborn examined by autopsy had a thyroid weight of over 3 g; 4. in contrast to the regions with sufficient iodine supply renal iodine excretion was steadily decreasing during pregnancy and post partum, changing the iodine deficiency from grade II to grade III; 5. low iodine excretion in newborn: 1.3 +/- 0.2 microgram I/day in goitrous (1.2 +/- 0.2 nmol I/mmol creatinine) 2.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms I/day in non-goitrous (2.0 +/- 0.4 nmol I/mmol creatinine); 6. according to ETR more than 50% of the pregnant examined showed a hypothyroid tendency. The pathophysiological changes during pregnancy caused by insufficient iodine supply can be met efficiently by careful thyroid hormone treatment or by the administration of 150 micrograms I daily. A mandatory iodine salt prophylaxis is demanded. PMID- 3486114 TI - Iodine deficiency disease in the GDR. AB - In the last decade several epidemiologic surveys were carried out in the GDR. The findings of all studies indicate consistently that the goiter is existing in the whole country increasing from the north to the south. Inhabitants of all ages are involved. The main cause appears to be an iodine deficiency of grade II. In the south of the GDR more than 90% of the groups examined are subjected to it. The introduction of iodinated salt prophylaxis is going on. An Interdisciplinary Iodine Commission has been established to control and coordinate these measures. PMID- 3486115 TI - Some factors influencing the survival of patients with less advanced stages of differentiated thyroid cancer. AB - Two groups of patients with less advanced stages of differentiated thyroid cancer were followed from 2 to more than 25 years: 1. 326 patients with preventive thyroid ablation (PTA) in cases of a tumor without lymphatic and remote metastases; 2. 471 patients with lymph node syndrome. It was found that the survival of patients with lymph node syndrome was less including the group below 40 years of age. Within the first group (with PTA) the survival was less in cases with the invasion of tumor through the thyroid capsula (stage T3 according to WHO classification). In both groups neither any significant effect of sex nor histological characteristics of the tumor (i.e. papillary v.s. follicular) was found. However, the effect of age was found to be remarkable in both groups, the prognosis being worse in patients after 40 years of age. Finally, the prognosis of less advanced stages of differentiated cancer was much better than than in patients with remote metastases. PMID- 3486116 TI - Cellular uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine by red blood and thymus cells. AB - During recent studies of receptor binding of T3 and T4 in tadpole red blood cells (RBCs), it was found that the fractional uptake of T3 was 3-5 times greater than that of T4. The present studies were performed to determine if this difference was due to facilitated uptake of T3. All studies were performed in cells incubated at 22 C in phosphate-buffered amphibian or mammalian Ringer solution containing 10(-11) M [125I]T3 or [125I]T4, with or without nonradioactive L-T3, D T3, or L-T4 in concentrations ranging from 10(-10) to 2 X 10(-7) M. In tadpole, frog, rat, and human RBCs and in rat thymus cells, the rate of uptake of [125I]T3 and its appearance in the cytosol (extranuclear) fraction of the cell was greatly retarded in the presence of 10(-7) M T3. This effect was not due to saturation of the T3-binding proteins in cytosol, since the presence of 10(-7) M T3 did not influence the percentage of [125I]T3 in cytosol at equilibrium. These data suggest the presence of a saturable system for the cellular uptake of T3. T4 (10( 7) M) had relatively little effect, and D-T3 (10(-7) M) had no effect on this system. No saturable system for T4 uptake could be demonstrated, and at low concentrations of hormone, T4 uptake was only 10-30% of T3 uptake, although the binding activities of cytosol and cellular uptake via nonsaturable systems were quantitatively similar for both hormones. From kinetic studies of [125I]T3 uptake, it was found that at low concentrations of T3 (10(-11)-10(-9) M), the saturable system accounted for more than 60% of the total uptake of [125I]T3. The apparent Km values of the saturable system in RBCs of tadpole, frog, and rat were 4.5 +/- 0.09 (+/- SE), 5.7 +/- 1.10, and 4.6 +/- 0.73 X 10(-8) M T3, respectively. Corresponding values for maximum velocity were 5.92 +/- 1.02, 2.86 +/- 0.70, and 2.08 +/- 0.34 pmol/min X 10(7) cells. In rat thymus cells, the Km was 16.9 +/- 0.93 X 10(-8) M, and the maximum velocity was 9.10 +/- 0.5 pmol/min X 10(7) cells. The saturable uptake system was not influenced by ouabain, dinitrophenol, sodium fluoride, oligomycin, or sodium cyanide. These findings suggest that the uptake of T3, but not T4, into some tissues is facilitated by a specific carrier-mediated system that is not dependent on metabolic energy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3486118 TI - The effect of vitamin D on bone in vivo. AB - The linear rate of bone mineral apposition (BMAR) was measured in vitamin D deficient and vitamin D-sufficient adult rats before and during treatment with either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3]. Dietary vitamin D restriction caused a fall in BMAR which began after 1 week and fell progressively to a value of 35-50% of control values by 4 weeks. The fall in BMAR was related to a fall in the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3, without a fall in the 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentration. Dietary supplementation of the D-deficient animals with either 25OHD3 or 24,25-(OH)2D3 at doses of 200 ng/day restored BMAR. If vitamin D deficient animals were thyroparathyroid-ectomized before supplementation with vitamin D metabolites, 24,25-(OH)2D3 administration was without effect on BMAR. The combined administration of PTH and 24,25-(OH)2D3 to such animals led to a restoration of the BMAR to normal. In vitamin D-sufficient animals, parathyroidectomy led to a 50% reduction in BMAR, which could be restored by treatment with PTH alone but not with 24,25-(OH)2D3. Simultaneous treatment of these animals with PTH and 24,25-(OH)2D3 led to a greater than normal increase in BMAR (130% of control) in these animals. These data support the concept that 24,25-(OH)2D3 has a role in the regulation of bone formation and/or mineralization, and demonstrate the interrelation between the effects of PTH and 24,25-(OH)2D3 on bone. PMID- 3486117 TI - Release of corticotropin-releasing factor from rat brain regions in vitro. AB - In addition to its endocrine action in the anterior pituitary, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) also appears to play a role in regulating higher central nervous system function(s). To investigate further the role of CRF in brain, a specific RIA was used to measure in vitro CRF release during incubation of various rat brain regions in Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Increasing the potassium concentration to 56 mM resulted in a 10-fold increase in CRF release from minced hypothalamus. However, the high K+ concentrations had no effect in the presence of calcium-free buffer containing 1 mM EGTA. Scorpion venom also stimulated CRF release in a calcium-dependent manner. CRF-like immunoreactivity was detected in extrahypothalamic brain regions using RIA and HPLC. Significant calcium-dependent CRF release from the rat amygdala and midbrain was observed in response to 56 mM K+ or scorpion venom. These results indicate that depolarizing agents induce the release of CRF-like immunoreactivity not only from the hypothalamus but also from other rat brain regions and lend further support to the hypothesis that CRF may be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. PMID- 3486120 TI - Diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis infection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 3486121 TI - Sequence of the Citrobacter freundii OS60 chromosomal ampC beta-lactamase gene. AB - The Citrobacter freundii OS60 ampC beta-lactamase gene was sequenced and found to encode a 380-amino-acid-long precursor with a 19-residue signal peptide. The mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 39781 Da. The first 60 residues of the purified enzyme, as determined by sequential Edman degradation, are identical to the amino acid sequence inferred from the gene sequence. Also, the amino acid composition determined for the purified beta-lactamase and that given by the gene sequence are in good agreement. 77% of the amino acid positions hold identical residues in the C. freundii and Escherichia coli K12 chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases. This clearly puts the C. freundii enzyme into the class C of beta-lactamases. Of the 68 amino-terminal residues determined for the Enterobacter cloacae P99 beta-lactamase, 44 are identical to the corresponding residues of the C. freundii enzyme. All three enzymes, as well as that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18S/H are highly similar around the active-site serine at position 64 of the mature protein. PMID- 3486119 TI - Stimulatory effect of prolactin on luteinizing hormone-induced testicular 5 alpha reductase activity in hypophysectomized adult rats. AB - Two pituitaries from 7-week-old female rats were grafted under the capsule of the left kidney of 50-day-old male rat to induce hyperprolactinemia. All of the pituitary-grafted and sham-operated rats were hypophysectomized at 56 days of age. The hypophysectomized rats in groups of 4 were given daily sc injections of saline or 9 micrograms NIADDK-ovine-(o)LH-23 for 4 and 5 days starting from days 58 and 70, respectively (short and long term hypophysectomized groups). The metabolism of [3H]progesterone or [14C]androstenedione by testicular homogenates, concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-androgens (androsterone plus 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol) in the serum and testes, and testicular LH receptors were estimated. Hypophysectomy caused significant decreases in testicular enzyme activities per gram of tissue, androgen production, and testicular LH receptors. In the testes of hypophysectomized rats, LH treatment significantly stimulated 5 alpha-reductase and 17-hydroxylase activities. Although pituitary grafts alone showed little or no effect on these testicular enzyme activities, hyperprolactinemia induced by the grafts markedly enhanced the LH-stimulated 5 alpha-reductase activity in both groups, especially in the long term hypophysectomized group. Therefore, androsterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol were shown to be the major C19-steroid products (immature type of testicular androgen production) in the LH- and PRL-stimulated testes of long term hypophysectomized adult rats. On the other hand, hyperprolactinemia was associated with a significant inhibition and a slight increase of the LH stimulated 17-hydroxylase activities in the short and long term hypophysectomized groups, respectively. This difference can be attributed to both a PRL-induced increase in testicular LH receptors and a PRL-induced inhibition of 17 hydroxylase via a postreceptor mechanism(s). The present findings demonstrate for the first time that PRL directly stimulates LH-induced 5 alpha-reductase activity in the testes. It appears that PRL may play a role in the increased production of 5 alpha-C19-steroids and the parallel decrease of testosterone production in immature rat testes. PMID- 3486122 TI - Immunoglobulins, complement components and lymphocyte subpopulations in Bell's palsy. AB - A significant decrease in the mean percentage of active and total T lymphocytes was found in 20 patients with Bell's palsy during the 1st week of the disease. In 8 patients the mean percentage of T helper cells was normal, whereas the mean percentage of T suppressor cells was significantly reduced. In 4 patients a normalization of the percentage of T lymphocytes and T suppressor cells was found 3 months after disease onset. The mean percentages of cells with membrane-bound immunoglobulins, EA- and EAC-rosetting cells and phagocytes were normal. Antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue were detected in low titers in 2 out of 20 sera. In the 20 patients the mean serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4 were normal. PMID- 3486123 TI - Predictors of alcoholism in the Lundby Study. I. Material and methods. AB - In this prospective longitudinal study over 15 years (1957 to 1972) the background factors for those who became alcoholics and those who did not were registered before anybody knew what the outcome would be. The population (2,612 inhabitants) lived in 1957 in a delimited area in the South of Sweden, Lundby. In 1957 nearby everyone (98%) was examined by a single psychiatrist, and again in 1972, irrespective of domicile, by two psychiatrists. Among the men who at the outset did not misuse alcohol, 58 became alcoholics. These alcoholics were compared with the non-alcoholics regarding e.g. personality traits, social factors and interactions between factors. PMID- 3486124 TI - Predictors of alcoholism in the Lundby Study. II. Personality traits as risk factors for alcoholism. AB - In 1957 all inhabitants (2,612) in a delimited geographical area, Lundby, were examined by a psychiatrist. Personality traits were scored for each individual. During the following 15 years 58 men became alcoholics (44 who had been 15 years or over in 1957). Among the men who in 1957 were scored 'subsolid in combination with symptom neurosis' the risk of becoming an alcoholic was increased 13.5 to 15.8 times. Protective against alcoholism was 'subvalidity in combination with psychosomatic symptoms'. The men with this combination had their risk decreased 12 times. The prediction of alcoholism depended on which factors and which combinations were used. With a sensitivity of 50% a specificity of almost 90% was reached; with a sensitivity of 60% specificities between 70% and 80% were reached. PMID- 3486125 TI - Predictors of alcoholism in the Lundby Study. III. Social risk factors for alcoholism. AB - In 1957 all inhabitants (2,612) in a delimited geographical area, Lundby, were examined by a psychiatrist, and social factors were evaluated for each individual. During the following 15 years 58 men became alcoholics. Among the men who in 1957 were in the age group 0-14 years and belonged to a 'gang', the risk of becoming an alcoholic was 100-fold increased. 'Gang' was also an important factor in the age group 15-24 years. 'Crisis' was an important factor among those over 14, and 'disintegrated environment' in the age group 25-59 years. In the latter age group occupations such as 'entrepreneur', became important as a precipitating factor. 'Married' was the only protective factor found. PMID- 3486126 TI - Myeloid progenitors in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: prognostic value in remission. AB - The prognostic value of in vitro cloning of bone marrow and blood cells was tested in 32 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) at various stages of disease. Using placental conditioned medium (PCM) as a stimulus and panoptical staining methods for the analysis of colony morphology, four different growth types could be distinguished at presentation. Poor response to colony stimulating activity (GM-CSF) in vitro seemed to be associated with poor survival. Probably due to low patient numbers, this association could not be proven statistically. During remission a progressive decrease of morphologically normal colonies was recognized in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Thus by in vitro cloning methods the quality of remission could be substantiated. PMID- 3486127 TI - Antigen-presenting cell function of dendritic cells and macrophages in proliferative T cell responses to soluble and particulate antigens. AB - The capacity of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M phi) to present soluble and particulate antigen was tested in an ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell proliferation assay. In a comparative investigation we found that both DC and M phi were able to present soluble OVA, but that only M phi could present insolubilized OVA to T cells. DC were found to be able to present OVA in collaboration with M phi. The failure of DC to present insolubilized OVA is probably caused by their inability to endocytose these antigens. DC appeared not to endocytose substantial amounts of soluble OVA either. In contrast to M phi, antigen presentation by DC is not blocked by lysosomotropic drugs. Taken together, these observations suggest that DC can present soluble protein antigens without intracellular degradation. PMID- 3486128 TI - In situ identification of idiotype-positive cells participating in the immune response to phosphorylcholine. AB - The phosphorylcholine idiotype (Id)/anti-Id system has been used to study the role of antigen-specific cells in antigen-induced microenvironmental changes. Anti-Id staining of lymph nodes following PC immunization shows the presence of Id on follicular dendritic cells at 12 h and in plasma cells beginning at day 3. Germinal centers began to form at day 3, peaking in size and number at days 8-10. Scattered Id-positive small lymphocytes are present in germinal centers but with rare exceptions over 98% of germinal center cells are Id-negative. Idiotype positive small lymphocytes are depleted from primary follicles adjacent to germinal centers but not from distant, unstimulated nodes. These results extend previous studies showing architectural alterations in lymph nodes following antigenic stimulation and demonstrate antigen-specific cells are a prominent component of these antigen-induced microenvironmental changes. PMID- 3486130 TI - Characteristics and functional aspects of nonlymphoid cells in rat germinal centers, recognized by two monoclonal antibodies ED5 and ED6. AB - In this study two newly developed monoclonal antibodies, ED5 and ED6, are described, which specifically recognize nonlymphoid cells in B cell follicles of spleen and lymph nodes. Enzyme and immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that ED5 and ED6 stain two different types of reticulum cells. The staining patterns were compared with those of the monoclonal antibody Ox2. ED5+ cells are able to retain immune complexes and are considered to be the follicular dendritic cell; in contrast ED6+ lack this capacity. Peyer's patches contain many ED6+ and Ox2+ cells but are completely devoid of ED5+ cells. After the application of immunomodulatory agents, like X-irradiation, cyclophosphamide and lipopolysaccharide, ED5+ and ED6+ cells remain detectable. The nature of the new type of dendritic reticulum cell in lymphoid follicles, recognized by ED6, is discussed. PMID- 3486129 TI - Cytotoxic T cell lysis of H-2-negative murine sarcoma cells. AB - The DOH cell line was established from C3H.OH (H-2Kd,Dk) embryonic fibroblasts transformed with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in vitro. When injected into syngeneic mice, DOH cells were very weakly tumorigenic and induced a cytotoxic immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specifically lysed DOH cells but not other RSV-induced sarcoma cells, which shared the H-2Kd or H-2Dk antigen, respectively, with DOH. Serological and immunochemical analysis of H-2 antigens subsequently showed that DOH sarcoma cells did not express syngeneic H-2K and H 2D antigens. Surprisingly, a H-2Kk-specific monoclonal antibody (100-5) bound to DOH cells and was inhibitory for syngeneic CTL specific for DOH. In addition, DOH cells were lysed by alloreactive H-2Kk-specific CTL. The demonstration of immunogenic H-2-negative sarcoma cells suggests that either the H-2K antigens have been extensively altered or that hitherto unidentified major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are expressed on DOH sarcoma cells surfaces, acting as target antigens for tumor-specific CTL. PMID- 3486131 TI - Anisotropic inhibition in the receptive field surround of the frog retinal ganglion cells, evidenced by bicuculline and SR 95103, a new GABA antagonist. AB - When GABA antagonists (picrotoxin, bicuculline methiodide and SR 95103) were intravitreally injected in the frog, they increased the number of spikes of transient retinal ganglion cells, as well as the duration of the response. Thus, the transient pattern of the response became more sustained. GABA antagonists also provoked a marked increase in the size of the receptive field, which might be due to the abolition of the inhibition exerted by the surround upon the centre of the field. In fact, a stimulus applied to the surround of the field simultaneously with one applied to the centre no longer provoked the reduction of the field area nor that of the number of spikes. These are effects which were always observed before drug injection. After picrotoxin injection, the enlarged field was concentric with the initial one, both angular diameters doubled, whereas after bicuculline or SR 95103, the enlarged field was not concentric with the initial one and only one diameter increased. Thus, GABA inhibition appears to be distributed according to an anisotropic spatial pattern. Whether this anisotropy might be an input for direction selectivity in the frog visual system is a topic of discussion. With respect to SR 95103, this compound proved to act like a selective GABA antagonist with long lasting effects. PMID- 3486132 TI - Comparative study of the effect of serum containing granulocyte-stimulating activity and colony-stimulating activity on hematopoiesis in triple-set diffusion chambers. AB - Serum obtained from rats with polyvinylpyrrolidone-induced sterile inflammation contains granulopoiesis-stimulating activity (GSA). In triple-set diffusion chambers (DC) with GSA in the middle chamber a stimulation of morphologically recognizable granulocytic cells (MRG) was found in mouse bone marrow cells cultivated in side chambers for 6 and 24 h. GSA also induced an increase in the number of CFU-GM when DC were inplanted into the peritoneum of normal rats. Under the same experimental conditions, colony-stimulating factor (CSA) from mouse-lung conditioned medium did not cause such changes either in MRG or in CFU-GM compartments. The data obtained indicate the different stimulating action of GSA and CSA on granulopoiesis. PMID- 3486133 TI - [Synthesis and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesics properties of 5-(1,2 benzisothiazolyl)tetrazoles]. AB - Tetrazole analogs of a series of known 1,2-benzisothiazolalkanoic acids were synthesized and tested for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities in comparison with their corresponding carboxylic acids. The benzisothiazoliltetrazoles showed high antipyretic activity and each tetrazole, except one, was appreciably more potent than the corresponding acid. The examined tetrazoles are generally inactive as anti-inflammatory agents and weakly active in the mouse writhing test, with effect comparable with those of the corresponding carboxylic acids. PMID- 3486134 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XIX--2-Methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetic acids. AB - A group of methyl substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetic acids was synthesized by reaction of some methyl derivatives of 2-aminopyridine with ethyl 3-bromolevulinate and subsequent hydrolysis. These new acidic compounds were tested for their antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities in order to compare the results with those previously obtained with similar compounds. PMID- 3486136 TI - Electrokinetic status of the subpopulations of lymph node cells in contact sensitized CBA mice. AB - Electrokinetic behaviour of LNC and their subpopulations from CBA mice contact sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone were studied. The sensitized LNC showed a significant reduction of mean EPM on the days of maximum DH response. Histogram analysis revealed that LNC of unsensitized as well as contact sensitized mice were heterogeneous populations. While the LNC of unsensitized mice resolved into two subpopulations, sensitized LNC resolved into three distinct subpopulations. The emergence of a new populations with mean EPM intermediate between those of low and high mobility lymphocytes was a consequence of contact sensitization. Enriched subpopulations were also obtained by nylon adherence-dependent and surface marker-dependent procedures. histograms of these subpopulations revealed that in the mice sensitized to DNFB and oxazolone both T and B cells were electrokinetically altered and were heterogeneous in the distribution of their EPM. These findings are similar to the earlier observations on EPM of LNC in allograft-sensitized mice. PMID- 3486135 TI - Acetylcholine- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium mobilization in Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - Acetylcholine induces a complex electrical membrane response in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This response is mimicked, and probably mediated by injected inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Oocytes prelabelled with 45Ca released calcium in two phases, the second, slow phase exhibiting first order kinetics of release. Brief exposure of prelabelled oocytes to acetylcholine resulted in a significant increase in the rate of calcium release that returned to control values 2-3 min following the removal of the neurotransmitter. Intracellular injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate resulted in increased rate of calcium release similar to, but longer than that caused by acetylcholine. Experiments conducted on single oocytes permitted the investigation of the relationship between acetylcholine-induced and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium mobilization and the resulting electrical membrane response. Our data reinforce our previous suggestion that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is the intracellular second messenger of the muscarinic membrane electrical response in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 3486137 TI - [The development of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (IR-CRF) in the hypothalamus, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of immature rats]. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a hypothalamic releasing hormone, is now known to be widely distributed in extrahypothalamic tissues such as the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. There are, however, no data concerning the development of CRF in the gastrointestinal tract in immature animals. Using a specific RIA technique for rat CRF, we have determined the IR-CRF concentrations in acid extracts of hypothalamic, pancreatic and gastrointestinal tissues in immature rats. Gel filtration of the extracts was also undertaken in order to investigate the molecular characteristics of the IR-CRF in the digestive system. Pregnant rats were decapitated at 20 days of gestation and the male fetuses (1 day before birth) were removed by hysterotomy. The male pups were also killed by decapitation immediately after birth and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days postnatally. The rats older than 3 days were divided into fed and 15-h-fasted groups. Pups were weaned at 21 days. The hypothalamus, pancreas, gastric antrum, duodenum and proxymal jejunum were removed immediately after decapitation. The individual tissue fragments were homogenized in 2N acetic acid and boiled for 5 min. The homogenates were centrifuged at 15,000g at 4 degrees C for 30 min and supernatants were removed, lyophilized and stored frozen until assay. Gel filtration was performed at 4 degrees C on a Sephadex G-50 (fine) column (1.6 X 82 cm). A 3 ml of sample was applied to the column and eluted with 0.2N acetic acid containing 0.25% BSA. Fractions of 3 ml were collected and stored at -20 degrees C until assay. The reagents for RIA were purchased from Peninsula Lab., INC. (Belmont, CA.). 125I-Tyr degrees-rat-CRF was labelled by chloramine-T method. Rabbit anti-CRF serum was used at the final dilution of 1:33,000. The antigen bound antibody was separated from the free antigen by the double antibody method using goat anti-rabbit IgG serum. The sensitivity of this RIA was 2-4 pg/tube. The average coefficients of variation for interassay and intraassay were 11.2% and 9.0%, respectively. Extracts of the pancreas, duodenum and jejunum of immature rats gave dilution curves that were parallel to the rat CRF standard curve as well as that of the hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3486138 TI - S-100-protein-positive dendritic cells in nodular vasculitis. AB - We investigated the distribution of S-100-protein-positive dendritic cells in 20 cases of nodular vasculitis (erythema induratum Bazin). The cells were identified by immunohistochemical demonstration in paraffin sections. S-100-protein-positive dendritic cells were present in all cases and comprised up to 11% of the infiltrating cells in lymphohistiocytic areas (mean 3.7%). Because of the dendritic shape and the association with lymphocytes the cells are considered to represent T-zone histiocytes. Our findings suggest a possible role of delayed type hypersensitivity in nodular vasculitis. PMID- 3486139 TI - Auditory brain stem response--interwave measurements in acoustic neuromas. AB - Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) of 61 patients with tumors of the VIIIth nerve or cerebellopontine angle were analyzed for latency of the I-III, III-V, and I-V interwave intervals. Of the 61 patients, 16 yielded ABR records with repeated waves I, III, and V so that interwave intervals could be measured. Results indicate that not only is the I-III interval often abnormal, but in almost 50% of the cases the III-V interval is also extended. Additional analysis included comparing a group of subjects with cochlear lesions with the 16 patients with VIIIth nerve tumors. These findings indicated a higher degree of specificity than sensitivity for the ABR interwave measurement. These findings, as well as additional analyses, are discussed. PMID- 3486140 TI - Plasma-protein production by rat hepatoma cells in culture, their variants and revertants. AB - A series of subclones of the H4II line of the Reuber H35 rat hepatoma produce substantial amounts of three plasma proteins, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that each of these proteins is synthesized by essentially every cell of these cell populations. Cells of dedifferentiated variant clones either cease to produce the proteins, or exhibit a substantial reduction that is accompanied by variability in the synthetic activity of individual cells of the population. As previously observed with regard to angiotensinogen production, the variant clones clearly divide into two categories: those that show only a reduction in synthesis are able to give rise to revertants, whereas the negative clones fail to do so. Revertant cells exhibit a dramatic restoration of the synthesis of plasma proteins, which in some cases, exceeds by severalfold the rates seen in the differentiated clones of origin. In addition, the revertant cells synthesize alpha-fetoprotein, a function that is not expressed by H4II cells or its daughter subclones. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that, with regard to several plasma proteins including albumin, fibrinogen and alpha-fetoprotein, the cell populations of revertant clones are very heterogeneous, for only a fraction of the cells synthesizes each protein. Hybrid cells resulting from several types of crosses, exhibited extinction of the plasma proteins, the exception being transferrin, whose production was maintained, but at a reduced level and in only a fraction of the cells. Taken together, our results show that the expression of albumin and transferrin can be dissociated from one to another, and from that of fibrinogen, alpha 1-antitrypsin and angiotensinogen. PMID- 3486142 TI - [Facilitating effect of voluntary movements on the vestibulomotor reaction]. PMID- 3486141 TI - An immunotoxicological evaluation of gamma-chlordane. AB - Various toxicological and immunological parameters were assessed after exposure of female B6C3F1 mice to 0.1, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg gamma-chlordane for 14 days via oral gavage. Variables evaluated included periodic body weights, terminal organ weights, hematology including leukocyte differentials, antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), lymphoproliferative responses to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and allogeneic cells, and the delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). When compared to the corn oil (vehicle) controls, chlordane produced a significant, dose-related increase in liver weight. Total leukocytes were significantly increased in chlordane-treated groups and seemed to be due to a significant increase in the lymphocyte population. Humoral immunity (HI), as assessed by enumeration of SRBC-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody forming cells (AFC) and proliferation of LPS-stimulated spleen cells, was not significantly altered in mice exposed to chlordane. In vitro evaluation of cell mediated immunity (CMI), as measured by proliferation of Con A and PHA-stimulated spleen cells from chlordane-treated animals, indicated a significant and dose related increase. The response to allogeneic cells was also enhanced. Results from an in vivo indicator of cell-mediated immune status, the delayed hypersensitivity response to KLH, did not support chlordane-enhanced T cell function suggested by mitogen and mixed lymphocyte responses. Therefore, a potent cyclodiene insecticide of environmental concern produced an enhancement of certain indicators of CMI. The expression of a DHR in vivo and the antibody response to SRBC was unaltered in mice exposed to the chemical. These results suggest that gamma-chlordane, at the concentrations utilized, does not produce a biologically significant alteration of the immunocompetence of intact animals. PMID- 3486143 TI - [Evoked potentials in response to contact electric stimulation of the optic nerves]. PMID- 3486144 TI - [Therapeutic electrostimulation in lesions of the spinal cord]. PMID- 3486146 TI - [Use of a mathematical method for the objective assessment of the course and effectiveness of treating acute infectious destruction of the lungs]. PMID- 3486145 TI - [Correlation between levels of T-lymphocyte subpopulations detected using monoclonal antibodies and the rosette-formation technic]. PMID- 3486147 TI - A quantitative morphological evaluation of the success of muscle transplantation in the laboratory rat. PMID- 3486149 TI - [Medical letters must also be read ...! Consequences of a risky intervention not considered--decision of the German federal court]. PMID- 3486148 TI - A comparison of certain morphometric data for tumour cells under different conditions. PMID- 3486150 TI - [Cell-mediated immunocompetence. Comparison of the lymphocyte stimulation index and cutaneous reaction to recall antigens]. PMID- 3486151 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis of congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome)]. AB - CFU-E growth from fractionated bone marrow cells of five patients with Diamond Blackfan syndrome was studied. In all patients, CFU-E growth was reduced in mononuclear cell rich fraction. In two patients out of five, CFU-E growth was returned to normal by the depletion of E-rosette forming cells of monocytes from mononuclear cell rich fraction. In the patient whose CFU-E growth returned to normal by the depletion of E-rosette forming cells, cocultivation between bone marrow buffy coat cells and autologous bone marrow E-rosette forming cells resulted in a significant decrease of CFU-E growth, and there was a significant increase in CFU-E growth by the treatment of OKT 4. In other three patients out of five, there was no significant increase in CFU-E growth by the depletion of monocytes and/or E-rosette forming cells. It is concluded that immunologic causes such as cellular factors may play a role, at least in part, on the pathogenesis of Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. PMID- 3486153 TI - Lymphoglandular complexes of the colon: structure and distribution. AB - The structure and distribution of lymphoglandular complexes of the colon are described. The cellular composition of these complexes, as detailed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, suggests that they are sites of antigen processing. Variations in structure and in the number of complexes that are found in certain colonic diseases are documented. PMID- 3486152 TI - Osteocalcin levels in patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism. PMID- 3486154 TI - Distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in different portions of sarcoid granulomas: immunohistologic analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The numbers and the distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph node granulomas from 11 patients with sarcoidosis were studied in cryostat sections by an immunoperoxidase technique. Greater numbers of helper T lymphocytes (Leu-3+) were found at the periphery than in the central portion of the same granuloma. Most of the suppressor T lymphocytes (OKT8+) were present at the periphery of the granulomas. In addition, the Leu-3a/OKT8 ratio varied from 0.7 to 1.8 in the outer compartment, while in the central portion of the granuloma much higher values (3 to 20) were found. These different distribution patterns of T lymphocyte subsets provide evidence for two different compartments with different immune reactions in sarcoid granulomas. PMID- 3486155 TI - Anti-idiotype antibodies as immunogens. PMID- 3486156 TI - Clinical differentiation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3486157 TI - Chemiluminescent response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in suspension and adhered to glass. AB - We measured the luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescent response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated by various strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. In the absence of opsonin, phagocytosis of either bacterial species elicited good PMN response when the bacteria were adhered to a surface but minimal PMN response when they were in suspension. When 10% pooled human serum was used as a source of opsonin, a moderate to excellent chemiluminescent PMN response was elicited during phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria both in suspension and adhered to surface. We conclude that opsonin significantly enhances PMN chemiluminescence when a suspension-type assay is used and that opsonin-independent mechanisms play a significant role in the chemiluminescent response of PMN during phagocytosis of adherent bacteria. PMID- 3486158 TI - Protection by serum antibodies in experimental nontypable Haemophilus influenzae otitis media. AB - The chinchilla experimental model of otitis media was used to examine the importance of serum antibodies in protection against disease caused by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. An immune serum pool was prepared by immunizing chinchillas with killed bacterial cells of nontypable H. influenzae 3245. Pooled preimmune or immune serum from these immunized animals was administered intravenously to a group of nonimmune chinchillas 1 day before intrabullar challenge with strain 3245. Of 5 animals receiving preimmune serum, 5 developed otitis media compared with 0 of 10 animals receiving immune serum (P = 0.008). The immune serum pool contained antibodies directed against both surface-exposed outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The 39-kilodalton major outer membrane protein was the immunodominant surface protein. Anti-LPS antibodies were removed from the immune serum pool by affinity chromatography, and affinity-purified anti-LPS antibodies were recovered. Immune serum, immune serum absorbed of LPS antibodies, or affinity-purified LPS antibodies were then administered to another group of experimental animals 1 day before bacterial challenge. Of four animals that received the affinity-purified LPS antibodies, four developed otitis compared with zero of four animals that received the immune serum or zero of four animals that received the LPS-absorbed immune serum (P = 0.028). These studies indicate that passive immunization with immune serum is protective in experimental nontypable H. influenzae otitis media and that bacterial outer membrane proteins may be the principal targets of protective antibody. PMID- 3486160 TI - A synergistic effect between anti-idiotype antibodies and anti-neoplastic drugs in the therapy of a murine B-cell tumor. AB - Antibodies directed against idiotypic determinants of the cell-surface IgM of a B lymphoma, 38c, were effective in delaying development of the tumor and in some instances in preventing its growth. The efficacity of the anti-idiotype antibodies was markedly increased when they were injected in combination with anti-neoplastic drugs. Since chemotherapy, as such, is limited by the general toxicity of the drugs it was of advantage to apply them in low doses. The drug doses used were mostly ineffective by themselves, yet were active in combination with the antibody in a more than additive fashion. We performed studies designed to elucidate the mechanism of the synergy between the anti-idiotype antibodies and the drugs. The data suggest that the activity of the antibody is partly indirect and is mediated through the host's effector cells. In the case of one drug, daunomycin, the activity is also, at least in part, mediated through peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Daunomycin injected intraperitoneally activated PEC. Such activated PEC, when injected into recipient mice, could replace the drug in its synergy with the antibody. In conclusion, it was shown that it is possible to increase the effectiveness either of antibodies to tumor cells or of cytotoxic drugs by combination therapy. PMID- 3486161 TI - Pure cutaneous histiocytosis X. AB - A 38-month-old boy presented with nodules in the skin of the genital region present for 2 1/2 years. These later spread to the skin of the trunk, head, and extremities. A complete clinical workup could not reveal involvement in any other organ sites and biopsy of one of the cutaneous lesions was diagnosed as histiocytosis X. Because the child was in generally good condition, no treatment was given. Follow-up revealed that the disease had remained limited to the skin, where 15% of the lesions disappeared spontaneously. PMID- 3486159 TI - Polyclonal activation of rat splenic lymphocytes after in vivo administration of Mycoplasma pulmonis and its relation to in vitro response. AB - The plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) sensitized with different antigens and a 4-h tritiated thymidine pulse assay were used to determine whether polyclonal activation occurs in rats following in vivo administration of Mycoplasma pulmonis. Injection of M. pulmonis into F344 rats resulted in an increase in the number of splenic immunoglobulin M-secreting PFC that produced antibodies reactive with the trinitrophenyl hapten and with SRBC. This polyclonal response reached a peak by 72 h after injection and returned to normal levels by 96 h, at which time the specific response to M. pulmonis reached its peak. Heat treatment and preopsonization of M. pulmonis with antiserum before injection resulted in reduced numbers of PFC against M. pulmonis-sensitized SRBC, trinitrophenyl hapten-sensitized SRBC, and SRBC. The number of PFC against the three types of target cells also increased in LEW rats after immunization with M. pulmonis. The number of PFC against SRBC and staphylococcal protein A-sensitized SRBC was higher in immunized LEW rats than in immunized F344 rats. Examination of unimmunized animals also revealed that LEW rats had higher initial numbers of PFC than did F344 rats. These results showed that polyclonal activation occurs in rats following in vivo administration of M. pulmonis and that LEW rats have an inherent propensity to develop higher nonspecific responses in vivo than F344 rats. PMID- 3486162 TI - Contact dermatitis due to karaya gum and induced by the application of electrodes. PMID- 3486163 TI - Reduced fecundity of Hymenolepis nana due to thymus-dependent immunological responses in mice. PMID- 3486165 TI - Non-nitro radiation sensitizers. PMID- 3486164 TI - Radiation-induced mitotic delay: duration, dose and cell position dependence in the crypts of the small intestine in the mouse. AB - The cells of the proliferative compartment in the crypt of the small intestine undergo a step by step differentiation and/or maturation from stem cells to the functional cells on the villi. The consequent hierarchical organization of the proliferative cell population can be related to the actual position of cells within the crypt. The stem cells are found near the bottom of the crypt with the more mature cells occurring at increasingly higher positions. The sensitivity of proliferative cells in the crypt of small intestine to radiation-induced mitotic delay was investigated at each position within the crypt. Using the stathmokinetic method (vincristine accumulation), the following were noted. The yield of mitotic figures 3 h immediately after irradiation showed a strong cell position dependence with the cells at the base of the crypt being most inhibited and those at the top of the proliferative compartment least affected. The mitotic yields were largely unaffected for the first 15 min suggesting that there is a transition point (Tp) for radiosensitivity which is located about 15 min before metaphase for all crypt cells. Cells located less than 15 min from metaphase are unaffected while those more than 15 min from metaphase are inhibited from further cell cycle progression. After this initial delay all proliferative cells were inhibited in their progression through G2 but some recovered more quickly than others. The ratio of the time of division delay (Td) in stem cells to that in cells at the top of the proliferative compartment was about 3:1. In absolute values Td after 1.0 Gy was about 1 h and 2.8 h, for cells at the top of the crypt and at the base, respectively. After 2.5 Gy the corresponding values were less than 3 h and between 5 and 6 h for the mid-crypt and crypt base respectively. There is thus a dependence on dose for the duration of the mitotic inhibition which for the cells at the top of the crypt is similar to the widely quoted average value 1 h per Gy, but the duration depends strongly on cell position. Thus not all proliferative cells respond in the same way. The duration is shorter the closer the proliferative cells are to their last cell division in the proliferative hierarchy in the crypt and longest for cells situated where the stem cells are to be expected. PMID- 3486166 TI - A mesolimbic neuronal loop of analgesia: I. Activation by morphine of a serotonergic pathway from periaqueductal gray to nucleus accumbens. AB - A cerebral neuronal circuit implicated in morphine analgesia was studied in rabbits equipped with chronic intracerebral cannulae directed to periaqueductal grey (PAG) and to bilateral nuclei accumbens. Microinjection of morphine (10 micrograms) into PAG elicited a marked analgesic effect as measured by the latency of a radiant heat induced head-withdrawal reaction. This effect was dose dependently attenuated by cinanserin, a serotonin (5-HT) blocker, and potentiated by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the direct precursor for 5-HT, administered into the nucleus accumbens. A significant analgesia was also shown when 5-HT (10 micrograms) was injected directly into the nucleus accumbens. The results suggest that morphine acting on PAG seems to activate an ascending serotonergic pathway and, by releasing 5-HT in nucleus accumbens, to exert an analgesic effect. PMID- 3486167 TI - Classification of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas of the skin. AB - The authors subdivide the primary non-Hodgkin cutaneous malignant lymphomas into "proper" and "non-proper" types. "Proper" lymphomas are those which have in the skin their proper site of localization, and include mycosis fungoides, Pagetoid reticulosis, Baccaredda-Sezary syndrome and possibly lymphomatoid papulosis. They are T-cell lymphomas arising in the papillary dermis, characterized by epidermotropism, having a specific clinical feature in that they are unlikely to be simulated by other cutaneous malignant lymphomas. "Non-proper" lymphomas are those which do not usually arise in the skin, but in various other organs. They are B-, T- or null-cell lymphomas, arising in the middle dermis, infrequently epidermotropic, having a papular-nodular-tumoural clinical feature, which are indistinguishable clinically from other neoplastic types such as plasmacytoma and Hodgkin's disease. The three classifications of non-Hodgkin lymphomas most followed are not directly applicable to cutaneous lymphomas because some of the former are not primarily sited in the skin, and because a follicular morphology is infrequently seen in the latter. Whereas the first classification reported for cutaneous lymphomas utilized malignancy as a criterion, the present classification here proposed utilizes the propriety of the site of localization as the criterion for subdivision into "proper" and "non-proper" types. PMID- 3486168 TI - Treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas with PUVA. AB - A series of 39 patients with CTCL was treated with PUVA over a period of 5 years, comprising 6 patients in stage IA, 13 in stage IB, 15 in stage IIA and 5 in stage IIB. PUVA treatments were administered four times weekly until clearing; a maintenance therapy employed 2 to 1 exposures per week for 2 months. Complete clinical and histological examinations were taken. We obtained a complete remission in all stage IA patients, and a partial remission in stage IB and IIA patients, who required longer treatment schedules and more frequent maintenance therapy. Stage IIB patients required additional local and/or systemic therapy to achieve a partial remission. Recurrences were observed in 33% stage IA patients, in 84% stage IB patients and in all stage IIA and IIB patients. They responded to new induction phases only in early-stage CTCL. PUVA is well accepted by patients, and compares well with other treatments. PMID- 3486169 TI - Interprovincial migration and suicide in Canada, 1971-78. AB - This study corroborates the findings by Stack (1980) on the relationship between interstate migration and suicide. The present application is to Canada during the early and later parts of the 1970s decade. Strong support for a migration effect emerges, thus supporting the culture shock hypothesis that because migration involves the concomitant processes of severing important social ties with the origin, and adjusting to a new environment, Provinces characterized by high rates of migration will experience high rates of suicide. It is found that while a province's percentage of the population who have received university education is negatively related to suicide, the main effect of migration acts to raise the odds of suicide, but this effect is lower in magnitude than the education measure. A one percent gain in the education index would have served to lower the suicide rate by 1.3%, while a similar change in migration would increase the rate of suicide by .67%. PMID- 3486170 TI - Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in elderly Finnish home nursing patients and home help clients. AB - Depressive symptoms in a population (N = 419) aged 65 years or over and receiving home nursing, home help or both were assessed by postal questionnaires including the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). Eighty-six percent participated, and 38 percent of both men and women scored 45 raw sumpoints or more in the SDS. The mean of the raw sumpoints was 42.1 (+/- 9.6) for men (N = 100) and 41.4 (+/- 9.0) for women (N = 238, the difference being nonsignificant. Home help clients scored less than home nursing patients or patients receiving both home nursing and home help. The population scoring 45 raw SDS sumpoints or more was investigated by a general practitioner, and the diagnosis of depression was made according to DSM III-criteria. The clinical investigations showed 26 percent of both men and women who participated to be depressive. Chronic depression was the most common class, followed by atypical depression. About two thirds of the depressive men and half of the depressive women were 'new' cases in that it had not been realized earlier that they suffer from depression. Atypical depression was the class where underdiagnozing was most evident. Among elderly men psychomotor retardation, libido loss, anorexia and indecisiveness and among elderly women psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, emptiness and diurnal variation were common symptoms of depression. PMID- 3486172 TI - Delayed complications from fine-needle biopsies of solid masses of the abdomen. AB - A prospective study was conducted from 1977 through 1983, to determine the incidence of complications, particularly bleeding, after fine needle biopsy for suspected malignancy of the abdomen and pelvis. Hematocrits before and after the biopsy procedure, medical record follow-up, and review by a coagulation specialist were used to identify bleeders. We performed 395 biopsies on 360 patients. Thirteen percent of the patients had bothersome pain either during or after the biopsy. Hematocrit drops of 3% or more were found in 51 (12.7%) of the patients; nine were determined to be a direct result of the biopsy procedure. Our results and review of the literature suggest that there are complications, including delayed bleeding, yet few are life threatening. We caution, however, that adequate follow-up to identify bleeders is very important in patients having fine-needle biopsies of solid masses of the abdomen. PMID- 3486174 TI - Scoliosis in the West of Scotland. PMID- 3486171 TI - Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of interstitial retinol-binding protein in vertebrate retinas. AB - Interstitial retinol binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycoprotein found in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and implicated in shuttling retinol between retina and pigment epithelium (PE) cells. The authors have studied the distribution of IRBP by EM immunocytochemistry. Thin sections of Lowicryl K4M embedded R. pipiens, X. laevis, bovine and human retinas were labeled sequentially with affinity purified rabbit antibovine IRBP, biotinyl-sheep antirabbit F(Ab')2, and avidin-ferritin, or with avidin and biotinyl-ferritin. Antigen was in the interphotoreceptor space and intercalated into the narrow spaces between PE cell microvilli. IRBP penetration between PE cells was delimited abruptly by the PE junctional complexes. IRBP was also observed in small vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm of PE cells and in PE cell phagosomes that contained IRBP surrounding ingested rod tips. IPM was heavily but inhomogeneously labeled. Antigen was usually deposited along the ROS and COS plasma membrane in a confluent layer, but sometimes it was distributed in large (ca. 0.2-micron thick) clumps. In bovine and human retinas, the connecting cilium was ensheathed by antigen at high density but an unlabeled halo surrounded its plasma membrane. The apical plasma membrane of the inner segment aligned along the connecting cilium was also densely coated by antigen. In both frog retinas, the ridges of the periciliary ridge complex (PRC) were coated with antigen. In none of the four species examined was Golgi labeling present. In bovine retinas, labeled vacuoles (granules) in the myoid region were found in very low numbers (15 vacuoles in 358 rod cells). Amphibian retinas also contained only small numbers of myoid vacuoles labeled by anti-IRBP. Absence of antibody binding to intracellular sites of synthesis in any of the cells that abut the interphotoreceptor matrix suggests that the antigen may be masked prior to its release from the synthetic cell(s) or that its level is below limits of detection. PMID- 3486173 TI - Headache: an epidemiological survey in a Dutch rural general practice. PMID- 3486175 TI - School accidents. PMID- 3486176 TI - [Clinical and immunologic studies of the use of thymus polypeptide factor (thymostimulin) in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis]. AB - T-cell lymphocyte subpopulations were successfully converted by means of thymus polypeptide factor in a 17-year-old boy with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and combined immunodeficiency. It was demonstrated that the injections caused normalization of the peripheral T-lymphocytes subpopulations and a better state of general health. Normalization was due to a minimal increase in total peripheral T-lymphocytes and T-helper cells and a significant decrease in T suppressor cells. PMID- 3486177 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a review. PMID- 3486178 TI - An in-vitro study of oral therapeutic doses of co-trimoxazole and erythromycin stearate on abnormal polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration. AB - The effects of administration for four days of co-trimoxazole (2 X 500 mg tablets daily) and erythromycin stearate (3 X 500 mg tablets daily) on persistently abnormal polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) migration in six individuals with a history of chronic or recurrent bacterial infections were studied. The effects of co-incubation of PMNL in vitro with both antimicrobial agents at concentrations of 12(-5) and 10(-4) M were also investigated. Two different leucoattractants were used, autologous serum activated with bacterial endotoxin (EAS) and the synthetic chemotactic tripeptide FMLP. In three homosexual males with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) abnormal PMNL motility was associated with the presence of serum inhibitor(s) of cell migration. In a fourth female subject, with recurrent episodes of acute periodontitis, and intrinsic cellular defect of PMNL migration associated with markedly impaired FMLP-induced degranulation and binding to PMNL was observed. In the remaining two subjects with chronic osteomyelitis, the precise abnormality of PMNL movement was not defined but appeared to be of the cellular intrinsic type. Co-incubation of PMNL with erythromycin, but not cotrimoxazole, at both concentrations tested (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) significantly improved cell migration to EAS, Likewise administration of erythromycin, but not cotrimoxazole, significantly improved PMNL migration to EAS. Improvement or correction of abnormal PMNL motility during antimicrobial chemotherapy with erythromycin may be a useful property of this antimicrobial agent. PMID- 3486179 TI - Regional lung hematocrit in humans using positron emission tomography. AB - Regional lung hematocrit ratio (R) was measured in five normal subjects and five patients (2 with pneumonia, 2 with nephrotic syndrome with anemia, and 1 with pancreatitis) using positron emission tomography, a red cell marker 11CO, and a plasma marker [methyl-11C]albumin). The measurements were made in a transaxial thoracic section at midheart level with the subject in supine posture and with a spatial resolution of 1.7 cm. The normal regional hematocrit ratio (means +/- SE) calculated for the lung was 0.90 +/- 0.014, 0.94 +/- 0.023 for the thoracic wall, and 1.00 +/- 0.003 for the heart chambers. The regional lung hematocrit ratio in the patients ranged between 0.81 and 0.86. No correlation was found among the regional lung hematocrit ratio and regional blood volume, lung extravascular density, and the peripheral hematocrit (obtained from venous blood samples). To the extent that 70% of the pulmonary blood in the field of view is in larger vessels with normal hematocrit, the hematocrit in the capillary bed is approximately two-thirds that of the peripheral venous value. Blood volume measurements on the basis of single vascular tracers need to take account of these results. PMID- 3486180 TI - Regional changes in extravascular lung water detected by positron emission tomography. AB - Regional measurements of extravascular lung water (rEVLW) were made with positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-labeled radionuclides. The label used to measure the total lung water (TLW) content fully equilibrated with TLW prior to scanning in both dogs with normal and low cardiac outputs, and nearly so in areas of lung made edematous by oleic acid injury (the TLW values used were 97% of maximum values). Regional EVLW measurements made by PET (EVLW-PET) and gravimetric techniques in both normal and edematous lung were closely correlated (r = 0.93), and EVLW-PET increased from an average of 0.20 to 0.37 mlH2O/ml lung (P less than 0.05) after regional lung injury. PET measurements of regional blood volume always decreased [from an average of 0.12 to 0.09 ml blood/ml lung (P less than 0.05)] after cardiac output was lowered by hemorrhage in a separate set of animals. Total EVLW (by thermodye indicator dilution) did not change. Likewise, regional EVLW remained constant in areas below the left atrium but decreased in areas above the left atrium. We conclude that PET measurements are accurate, noninvasive, and reproducible and that regional changes may be detected even when measurements of total EVLW by other methods may fail to change significantly. PMID- 3486181 TI - Acute psychosis in a patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole intravenously. AB - A 55-year-old man became acutely psychotic and had a pseudoseizure after receiving six doses of intravenously administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These symptoms resolved within 24 hours after discontinuation of the medication; this finding suggests a causal effect of the drug administration. PMID- 3486182 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and panic disorder. PMID- 3486183 TI - Characterization of hormone and protein release from alpha-toxin-permeabilized chromaffin cells in primary culture. AB - Addition of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin to adult bovine chromaffin cells maintained in primary culture causes permeabilization of cell membrane as shown by the release of intracellular 86Rb+. The alpha-toxin does not provoke a spontaneous release of either catecholamines or chromogranin A, a protein marker of the secretory granule, showing the integrity of the secretory vesicle membrane. However the addition of micromolar free Ca2+ concentration induced the co-release of noradrenaline and chromogranin A. In alpha-toxin-treated cells, the released chromogranin A could not be sedimented and lactate dehydrogenase was still associated within cells, which provides direct evidence that secretory product is liberated by exocytosis. By contrast, permeabilization of cells with digitonin caused a Ca2+-dependent but also a Ca2+-independent release of secretory product, a dramatic loss of lactate dehydrogenase, as well as release of secretory product in a sedimentable form. Ca2+-dependent exocytosis from alpha toxin-permeabilized cells required Mg2+-ATP and did not occur in the presence of other nucleotides. Thus alpha-toxin is a convenient tool to permeabilize chromaffin cells, and has the advantage of keeping intracellular structures, specifically the exocytotic machinery, intact. PMID- 3486184 TI - Macrolide antibiotics inhibit the degradation of the glucocorticoid-responsive cytochrome P-450p in rat hepatocytes in vivo and in primary monolayer culture. AB - Treatment of rats with macrolide antibiotics such as triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) dramatically increases the hepatic concentration of a cytochrome P-450 indistinguishable from P-450p, the major liver cytochrome induced by glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (Wrighton, S. A., Maurel, P., Schuetz, E. G., Watkins, P. B., Young, B., and Guzelian, P. S. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 2171 2178). To investigate the mechanism of induction of P-450p, we treated rats for 4 days with these agents and found that dexamethasone and TAO induced the synthesis of P-450p at least 70- and 35-fold over control values, respectively, as estimated from measurements of P-450p mRNA translatable in a cell-free system. However, the accumulation of P-450p holocytochrome (measured as TAO-metabolite spectral complex) or P-450p protein (measured by quantitative immunoblotting) increased at least 150-fold by TAO but only 32-fold by dexamethasone. The possibility that TAO decreases the degradation of P-450p was supported by the observation that administration of TAO to dexamethasone-treated rats labeled with NaH[14C]O3 and [3H]-delta-aminolevulinic acid retarded the decay of radioactive immunoprecipitable P-450p protein (t1/2 = 60 versus 14 h) and heme (t1/2 = 73 versus 10 h). To confirm these results, P-450p protein synthesis was measured as radioactivity incorporated into immunoprecipitable P-450p in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes incubated with [3H]leucine. Dexamethasone treatment of the cultures stimulated P-450p synthesis by at least 30-fold whereas macrolides were without effect. However, macrolide antibiotics but not dexamethasone inhibited the disappearance of radiolabeled P-450p from cultured hepatocytes similar to the results obtained in vivo. We conclude that macrolide antibiotics induce P-450p, the most rapidly turning over cytochrome yet reported, by stimulating its synthesis indirectly and by blocking its degradation, significantly. PMID- 3486186 TI - [Massive digestive hemorrhage caused by aorto-esophageal fistula]. AB - A very rare diagnosis before a terminal hemorrhagic accident, aorto-esophageal fistula (FAO) is almost always fatal. Three cases of this exceptional lesion are reported. The first patient died within a few minutes of admission from a cataclysmic hematemesis. This 52 year old man had a recurring adenocarcinoma of the cardia that had been treated by laser. A "premonitory hematemesis" of bright red blood had occurred eight hours before admission. In the two other cases the problem arose with an "open abdomen" in exsanguinated patients operated upon as emergencies for massive hematemesis. In both cases, an intra-esophageal balloon catheter and controlled hypotension allowed performance of a left thoracotomy and aortic clamping. One patient had a cancer of middle third of esophagus that had perforated into the descending aorta. A resection-graft of the aortic isthmus and a retrosternal gastric esophagoplasty was successfully carried out at the time of exploration. The other patient had an FAO in the aortic isthmus region probably due to a foreign body. Operation involved an esophagectomy with cervical esophagotomy and gastrotomy combined with a resection-graft of aortic isthmus using a Dacron prosthesis. This patient died on the 21st postoperative day from rupture of the brachiocephalic trunk over a tracheotomy tube. In both of these patients a "premonitory hematemesis" with dysphagia had preceded the severe hemorrhagic accident. Successful treatment is rarely obtained with such lesions, since difficulties in ensuring rapid hemostasis in exsanguinated patients operated upon usually without diagnosis and for massive hemorrhage only, are associated with the risks of aortic repair surgery in a hemorrhagic field and with a mediastinum infected from the esophageal wound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486185 TI - Comparison of the specificities of laminin, thrombospondin, and von Willebrand factor for binding to sulfated glycolipids. AB - The adhesive glycoproteins laminin, thrombospondin, and von Willebrand factor bind specifically and with high affinity to sulfated glycolipids. These three glycoproteins differ, however, in their sensitivity to inhibition of binding by sulfated monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Heparin strongly inhibits binding of thrombospondin but only weakly inhibits binding of laminin and von Willebrand factor. Fucoidan strongly inhibits binding of both laminin and thrombospondin but not of von Willebrand factor. Laminin shows significant specificity for inhibition by monosaccharides, whereas thrombospondin does not. Thus, specific spacial orientations of sulfate esters may be primary determinants of binding for the three proteins. Laminin, thrombospondin, and von Willebrand factor also differ in their relative binding affinities for purified sulfated glycosphingolipids. The three proteins strongly prefer terminal-sulfated lipids and bind only weakly to sulfated gangliotriaosyl ceramide with a sulfate ester on the penultimate galactose. Thrombospondin binds with highest affinity to galactosyl sulfatide but only weakly to more complex sulfatides, whereas von Willebrand factor prefers galactosyl sulfatide but binds with moderate affinity to various sulfated glycolipids. Laminin also is less selective than thrombospondin but is less sensitive for detection of low sulfatide concentrations. Galactosyl sulfatide at 1-5 pmol can be detected by staining of lipids separated on high performance TLC with 125I-thrombospondin or 125I-von Willebrand factor. 125I-von Willebrand factor was examined as a reagent for detecting sulfated glycolipids in tissue extracts. Rat kidney lipids contain 5 characterized sulfated glycolipids: galactosyl ceramide I3-sulfate, lactosyl ceramide II3-sulfate, gangliotriaosyl ceramide II3-sulfate, and bis-sulfated gangliotriaosyl and gangliotetraosyl ceramides. von Willebrand factor detects all of these lipids as well as several additional minor sulfated lipids. Complex monosulfated lipids are detected in several human tissues including kidney, erythrocytes, and platelets by this technique. PMID- 3486187 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of mefloquine and its main metabolite by direct plasma injection with pre-column enrichment and column switching techniques. AB - For the simultaneous determination of mefloquine and its main metabolite from plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column enrichment and column switching techniques, two parameters proved crucial: use of phosphoric acid for acidification of plasma samples to ensure pre-column extraction of mefloquine and its main metabolite; careful observation of the pH of the eluent to ensure baseline separation of mefloquine and metabolite and separation from interfering plasma peaks. The described method employs direct plasma injection, is rapid, specific and sensitive, with an analysis time of 15 min and column lifetimes of ca. 200 injections. PMID- 3486188 TI - Subnormal concentrations of urinary epidermal growth factor in patients with kidney disease. AB - We determined the concentrations of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (irEGF) and creatinine in urine samples from 47 adult patients with various kidney diseases and wide ranges of azotemia and proteinuria. In most of the patients, urinary irEGF concentrations (nanograms per mg creatinine) were markedly subnormal. In the entire group, urinary irEGF correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.79; P less than 0.001) and serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.85; P less than 0.001). In the subgroups of patients with primarily glomerular or tubulointerstitial diseases, similar correlations were found. By contrast, there was no correlation with proteinuria. We also determined the concentrations of plasma irEGF in five patients with azotemia. In four patients, the irEGF to creatinine concentration ratio was 1.9- to 8.9-fold higher in urine than in plasma, indicating that plasma irEGF was not the main source of urinary irEGF in these patients. Our data are compatible with the theory that urinary irEGF originates from nephrons per se. PMID- 3486189 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein concentrations throughout pregnancy in the rhesus monkey. AB - Proteins that are immunologically related to human pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (hSP1) have been detected in serum samples from pregnant subhuman primates. However, little information is available concerning the concentrations or secretory dynamics of SP1 in nonhuman primate pregnancy. To examine serum SP1 concentrations throughout rhesus monkey gestation, a heterologous RIA for rhesus SP1 (rSP1) was developed which used an antiserum against rSP1 and purified human SP1 as the standard and for iodination. No rSP1 was detected in serum samples from 8 normal male monkeys, 8 castrated females, or 10 regularly cycling females. Levels of rSP1 were measured in 260 serum samples from 43 pregnant monkeys. rSP1 was first detected on day 14 after mating, and all monkeys sampled 25 or more days after mating had detectable serum rSP1 levels. Serum rSP1 rose exponentially from day 14 to about day 50, followed by a more gradual rise until term. This pattern of secretion was in marked contrast to that found for macaque CG, which was already detectable 10 days after mating, peaked at 20 days, and returned to nonpregnant levels by day 40. The disappearance of rSP1 after delivery was best fit by a 2-component 4-parameter model with a mean residence time of 48 h. These data indicate that the pattern of rSP1 secretion throughout pregnancy is qualitatively similar to that found for hSP1, as is the long half-life of the protein in the circulation after delivery. rSP1 measurements may provide a useful index of placental function during rhesus pregnancy and serve as a model to study the biological role of SP1 in primates. PMID- 3486190 TI - Spurious sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of Salmonella typhi. AB - Several studies have identified thymidine excess in susceptibility test media as the cause of spurious resistance of various bacteria to sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim. We document the phenomenon in Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi-A and demonstrate its occurrence in 3 of 17 (18%) lots of Mueller Hinton agars now in use in major medical laboratories in Lima, Peru. The findings are particularly significant because sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is an important alternative to chloramphenicol or ampicillin for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. PMID- 3486191 TI - Growth and cytopathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis in tissue cultures. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to identify the mammalian tissue cultures which were most suitable for investigations of the cytopathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis. A recently isolated strain of the organism was inoculated into 15 different tissue cultures which were maintained in an appropriately modified growth medium. Proliferation of the protozoon was accompanied by the progressive disintegration of cell culture monolayers. Initial focal lesions consisting of detached cells and an accumulation of trichomonads gradually enlarged until the entire monolayer was disrupted. When judged by the size of the inoculum required to obtain this effect, differences among the tissue cultures were noted. An inoculum of approximately 10(3) viable trichomonads was sufficient to completely disrupt monolayers of HeLa 229, HeLa, McCoy, HEp-2, and RK-13 cells. To obtain a comparable effect with other cells, 10- to 100-fold higher levels of inoculum were required. Polyethylene glycol concentrates from culture filtrates contained a cell-detaching factor (CDF) which caused detachment and clumping of susceptible cells. Freshly seeded cells in growth medium containing CDF failed to form a monolayer. Aggregates of cells maintained for up to 1 week in the presence of CDF remained viable and formed a monolayer after being washed and suspended in normal growth medium. The activity of the CDF was not lost during 1 week of contact with the cells. The CDF may contribute to the pathogenicity mechanisms of T. vaginalis. PMID- 3486192 TI - Problem-oriented orthodontic record. PMID- 3486194 TI - Immunohistological identification of cell subsets in human gingiva after local treatment for gingivitis or periodontitis. AB - The cellular infiltrate present in human diseased gingiva was analyzed in biopsies from 12 patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. The samples studied had been obtained in the course of surgery at inflammatory sites remaining after institution of periodontal treatment. Histological and immunological techniques were used to identify macrophages, B-cells, plasma-cells, T-cells and T cell subsets, as well as cells expressing class II HLA membrane antigens. T-cells appeared as the predominant population, but plasma-cells were also visualized in nearly all samples. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were seen in all cases, the latter being more numerous in periodontitis patients. Interdigitating-like cells were observed, positively labelled for class II antigens, as well as macrophages which were more numerous in periodontitis patients. These results suggest the participation of all components of the immune response in gingival disease, in a way resembling chronic recurrent inflammatory diseases. PMID- 3486193 TI - Gut injury in mouse graft-versus-host reaction. Study of its occurrence and mechanisms. AB - The occurrence, nature, and pathogenesis of intestinal lesions were studied in a number of graft vs. host reaction (GVHR) conditions in mice, combining variations in the nature of the following: the F1 hosts (newborn or adult, normal or lethally irradiated), the injected parental T cells (mixed or selected subsets of Lyt2+ or L3T4+ cells), and the antigenic stimulus (semi-allogeneic or restricted to class I or II MHC loci). The following conclusions were drawn: Three gut alterations are always associated: donor T cell infiltration, predominating in the crypt region; acceleration of the epithelium renewal; and increased epithelial Ia expression. The initial event is T-cell infiltration, which results from stimulation within the Peyer patches followed by cyclic traffic, i.e., migration into the thoracic duct and then seeding to the whole gut mucosa. Both Lyt2+ and L3T4+ cells can infiltrate the gut wall, the extent of the infiltration by a given subset depending upon the capacity of the donor blasts to circulate in the thoracic duct (higher for L3T4+) and then to home in the gut (much higher for Lyt2+ blasts) and the nature of the alloantigenic stimulation that governs the extent of each donor subset proliferation. Both donor T-cell subsets can induce gut epithelial damage, but for a comparable amount of infiltrating cells, L3T4+ cells induce more lesions. When the antigenic stimulation is restricted to class I or class I MHC loci, gut GVHR is much more easily elicited across class II MHC differences, which stimulate preferentially L3T4+ donor cells. The main mechanism of epithelial damage is not direct cytotoxicity, but more probably lymphokine(s) release. PMID- 3486196 TI - Hemosuccus pancreaticus: CT manifestations. AB - A case of severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm into the pancreatic duct (hemosuccus pancreaticus) was encountered. Contrast enhanced CT revealed a low-density mass containing an enhancing central area in the pancreatic tail. Arteriography demonstrated a splenic artery aneurysm. Postoperative pathological review revealed a communication between the ruptured splenic artery aneurysm and the pancreatic duct. PMID- 3486195 TI - MR characteristics of iophendylate (Pantopaque). AB - Although iophendylate (Pantopaque) has been largely replaced by water soluble agents for myelography, retained intracranial or intraspinal Pantopaque remains a common occurrence. Pantopaque has signal characteristics similar to fat with both short T1 and T2 relaxation times. In vitro measurements revealed T1 = 170 ms and T2 = 27 ms. Spine radiography is recommended in patients with a history of previous myelography and magnetic resonance abnormalities similar to fat. PMID- 3486197 TI - Saphenous vein graft aneurysms demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - A case of aneurysms of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass (CAB) grafts is presented with CT and echocardiography findings. Aneurysms of the bypass graft are rare complications of CAB surgery but many occur due to atherosclerosis, infection, surgical technique, or vasculitis. PMID- 3486198 TI - Pituitary adenoma with seizures: PET demonstration of reduced glucose utilization in the medial temporal lobe. AB - A patient with a benign chromophobe adenoma, who had incomplete surgical removal followed by radiotherapy, continued to have epileptic seizures up to two or three times a day. She was studied with positron emission tomography using 18F-2 deoxyglucose (FDG). This technique showed a high level of glucose utilization in the area of the operated tumor but also clear reduction of glucose utilization in the left medial temporal region adjacent to the sella and the scar tissue from the neoplasm. This area of reduced glucose utilization corresponded well to the same finding observed in other patients with complex partial epilepsy. A left temporal anterior lobectomy was carried out followed by improved control of the epilepsy. Positron emission tomography using FDG, together with electrophysiological examinations, may assist in the management of epilepsy related to pituitary tumors. PMID- 3486199 TI - The design of atmosphere: ego-nurture and psychic change in residential treatment. AB - This paper concerns the very special nature of Peper Harow, a residential establishment for disturbed young people. The paper explores the means by which adolescents become absorbed in, and are helped to identify with, the goals of a therapeutic community, and draws on symbols and metaphors from literature to illustrate the treatment process. Examples are given from the life of the community, and attempts are made to capture the atmosphere of a unique establishment. PMID- 3486200 TI - Individual variation in immunosuppressive activity of bovine seminal plasma on concanavalin A-stimulated bovine T lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Individual dialyzed seminal plasma samples from 21 bulls in routine artificial breeding service were tested for their immunosuppressive activity on in vitro induced blastogenesis of bovine lymphocytes from 3 nonpregnant cows. Concanavalin A was used to induce blastogenesis and thymidine uptake was monitored. Dialyzed seminal plasma from 15 of 21 bulls inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis response to concanavalin with cow A lymphocytes, and 21 of 21 were immunosuppressive to lymphocytes from cows B and C. Degree of immunosuppression varied according to bull and cow, ranging from 0 to 100%. The lower the percentage response of the lymphocytes to concanavalin stimulation, the less their inhibition by dialyzed seminal plasma. The degree of immunosuppression produced by a bull's dialyzed seminal plasma was not highly related either to amount of protein in the seminal plasma or to the bull's 60 to 90-d nonreturn rate. PMID- 3486202 TI - A community survey of infantile autism. PMID- 3486201 TI - Immunoregulatory disorders associated with hereditary angioedema. II. Serologic and cellular abnormalities. AB - Hereditary angioedema is defined biochemically by a deficiency in the functional activity of the inhibitor of Cl, Cl esterase inhibitor (Cl INH). Deficiency of this regulator of the early classic pathway of complement results in chronic activation of this cascade with a resultant deficiency of C4 and C2. Ninety-seven patients with either complicated (associated with autoimmune disorders) or uncomplicated hereditary angioedema were evaluated for laboratory evidence of immunoregulatory defects. Specific cellular and humoral abnormalities were found and included increased mean total lymphocyte counts, increased mean Leu 4+ (total) and Leu 3+ (helper) T cells, an increased mean Leu 3/Leu 2 (helper/suppressor T cell) ratio, polyclonal B cell activation, and evidence of circulating immune complexes. C4 functional titers were negatively correlated with percent Leu 3+ cells and absolute Leu 3+ cell numbers. We failed to detect any evidence of immune deficiency in this population, and yet a statistically significant number of patients demonstrated elevated levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens when patients were compared to a control group. Thus, early classic complement pathway activation and/or partial complement component deficiency may effect T cell subpopulations and B cell activation. However, additional predisposing factors (e.g., genetic or viral) appear necessary for the development of a particular autoimmune disease in hypocomplementemic patients. PMID- 3486203 TI - Somato-sympathetic response with the extremely high latency in unanesthetized decerebrate frog. AB - Excitation of the sciatic nerve A-afferents in the immobilized unanesthetized decerebrated frog was found to evoke two responses in the postganglionic sympathetic efferent nerves as well as in the preganglionic ones. The first response with a latency not more than 150 ms consists of an excitatory and an inhibitory component. The second response has a latency over 2 s. Only the latter was found to disappear under the viadril-induced anesthesia. Similarities of the somato-sympathetic responses in mammals and in frogs are discussed and a reasonable physiological role of the high latency response is speculated. PMID- 3486204 TI - Age differences in sensory and cognitive function in elderly Nepalese. AB - This paper describes age differences in sensory and cognitive function in a cross sectional sample of 117 Nepalese men aged 50 to 88 years living in a traditional agrarian society. The prevalence of impairment of vision, hearing, vibration sensitivity, and cognitive function is progressively higher in successively older age categories in this society as it is in Western industrial societies. This has practical consequences for everyday life. Men with vision impairment are less likely to retain the esteemed social role of head of an extended household. Men with visual and hearing impairment leave their household compounds less frequently, have less frequent social contacts outside their households, and remain inactive a greater proportion of the time. In this technologically simple society without modern medical remedies, vision and hearing impairments are associated with social roles and daily activity patterns that foster economic and political dependence and social isolation. PMID- 3486205 TI - Hemorrhage from varices in the rectum and sigmoid colon following endoscopic injection sclerosis of esophageal varices. PMID- 3486206 TI - Predictors of outcome in massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - We reviewed 100 consecutive cases of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH). The criteria for inclusion were a decrease in hematocrit greater than or equal to 6%, unstable vital signs, and greater than or equal to units of blood transfused (16 +/- 18 units, mean +/- SD). A multiple regression analysis of 96 variables was employed to determine the most accurate predictors of outcome. The overall mortality was 35%. Hospital status (whether the patient was an inpatient or outpatient when the UGIH began) showed a striking association with mortality (70% for inpatients vs. 22% for outpatients, p less than 0.001). Nonsurvivors also had a greater number of life-threatening diseases than survivors (1.4 +/- 1.1 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.001) and greater transfusion requirements (27 +/- 20 units vs. 10 +/- 13 units, p less than 0.001). Age, the presence of cirrhosis, and recent excessive alcohol intake were not important risk factors. At presentation, the most reliable predictor of a fatal outcome was the brevity of the interval between the onset of bleeding and the initiation of a medical work-up. The primary predictor when considering the entire hospitalization was the number of life-threatening diagnoses. Our data indicate that stratification for hospital status and for other potentially predictive risk factors should be incorporated in future trials of therapy for UGIH. PMID- 3486207 TI - Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Care in three different San Diego practice settings. AB - We compared the care of all adults admitted directly for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 1981 to three types of hospitals: private (n = 138), health maintenance organization (HMO) (n = 105), and university (n = 72). Some patient characteristics differed, but most indices of blood loss, all final diagnoses, and rates of surgery (less than 9%) and death (less than 5%) were similar. Use of intensive care and blood products differed from published guidelines. Health maintenance organization patients had the shortest stays and the fewest transfusions, limited almost completely to packed red cells. Intensive care unit use and duplicate diagnostic testing were greatest for university patients. Rebleeding rates, determined by including readmissions within 1 week of discharge, were less than 7% and similar at the three institutions. Endoscopic signs of recent hemorrhage from an ulcer were significant signposts to rebleeding. Patients endoscoped early and those without endoscopic signs of recent hemorrhage went home sooner than the others. PMID- 3486208 TI - Anal verge and low rectal bleeding. A diagnostic problem. AB - We describe five patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding with negative endoscopy who subsequently proved to have sources of bleeding in the rectum close to the anal verge. The failure to identify such sources of bleeding via the endoscope was due to endoscopic geometry within the rectum, limited colonic preparation possible in the massively bleeding bowel, endoscopic inexperience, and a low clinical suspicion for very distal lesions. We discuss appropriate application of the available diagnostic techniques and methods to avoid endoscopic diagnostic failures in low rectal hemorrhage. PMID- 3486209 TI - Retained stool as a guide to the site of severe rectal bleeding. AB - Despite improvements in diagnostic techniques including the use of radionuclide imaging, locating the site of severe rectal bleeding is not always possible. We present two patients in whom a survey film of the abdomen showed a dense accumulation of stool in the transverse colon. Subsequent evaluation confirmed that the source of rectal bleeding was distal to this area. Accordingly, the presence of a fecal impaction in the colon strongly suggests that the site of active bleeding lies more distally. In these circumstances, diagnostic measures should be directed to the segment of the colon distal to the impaction. PMID- 3486210 TI - Colonoscopy after Golytely preparation in acute rectal bleeding. AB - Thirty-five consecutive patients with acute hematochezia, negative gastric aspirates, and negative sigmoidoscopy underwent urgent colonoscopy after Golytely purgation. Mucosal visualization was excellent. Colonic bleeding lesions were identified in 24 of 35 patients, and hemorrhage originating proximal to the ileoceal valve was documented in three of these 35 patients. Therapeutic endoscopic electrocautery, employed in 12 of 35 patients, was effective in 11. The peroral preparation was well tolerated, and there were no complications of the preparation or of colonoscopy. The data suggest that urgent colonoscopy following Golytely purgation is a safe, sensitive, and specific diagnostic procedure that provides an opportunity for early nonoperative treatment of acute colonic hemorrhage. PMID- 3486211 TI - Does propranolol precipitate hepatic encephalopathy? AB - A 52-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis who had never had hepatic coma developed it while taking propranolol. The coma receded when the propranolol was stopped and 2 days later gastrointestinal bleeding did not precipitate hepatic coma. This raises the question whether propranolol and other beta blockers lead to hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 3486212 TI - Albumin localization in the frog hepatocyte during vitellogenesis as revealed by protein A-gold immunocytochemistry. AB - The protein A-gold immunocytochemical technique was used to localize albumin in the hepatocyte of the normal male American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, and also in the hepatocyte of this animal 8 days after treatment with estradiol-71 beta. Albumin concentration in plasma also was estimated biochemically. In the normal animal, specific immunolabeling for albumin was present in the intracellular compartments involved in protein secretion, i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus and secretory granules, and also in lysosomes. Density of labeling increased as it progressed along the secretory pathway. In the hepatocyte of the estrogen-treated frog, specific immunolabeling for albumin was also present along the entire secretory pathway and in the lysosomes. Density of labeling over the RER was similar to that seen for this organelle in normal tissue; however, no progressive increase, but rather significant decreases, in labeling density occurred further along the secretory pathway. The biochemical data demonstrated no change in the concentration of plasma albumin in the treated frog, compared with the normal one. These observations localize albumin along its secretory pathway in frog hepatocyte and demonstrate a perturbation in its secretion in response to estrogen treatment. PMID- 3486213 TI - Clonal analysis of murine graft-vs-host disease. II. Leukokines that stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in graft-vs. host disease. AB - T lymphocyte clones were established from mice with acute and chronic graft-vs host disease (GVHD) [C57B6/6 (B6) mice transplanted i.v. with LP/J spleen cells] and immune mice (LP/J mice immunized intraperitoneally with B6 spleen cells). To determine the role of leukokines in the increased collagen production that characterizes chronic GVHD, the supernatants of in vitro stimulated clones were assayed for their effect on 1) B6 embryonic fibroblast proliferation, 2) total fibroblast collagen secretion, and 3) collagen secretion per fibroblast. Four of nine chronic GVHD (CG) clones stimulated both total collagen secretion and collagen secretion per fibroblast, but none stimulated fibroblast proliferation. Six of 10 immune (I) clones stimulated fibroblast proliferation, and none stimulated collagen secretion per fibroblast. Acute GVHD (G) clones were heterogeneous; 2/10 G clones stimulated fibroblast proliferation, 5/10 stimulated total collagen secretion, and 4/10 stimulated collagen secretion per fibroblast. I and CG clones may act synergistically in vivo. The presence of CG-like clones in mice with acute GVHD suggest that the immunologic events that culminate in chronic GVHD are initiated early after transplantation. PMID- 3486214 TI - Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis. IV. Murine T hybridoma cells exhibit differential accessory cell requirements for activation by M. arthritidis T cell mitogen, concanavalin A, or hen egg-white lysozyme. AB - A T-cell mitogen present in culture supernatants of Mycoplasma arthritidis (MAS) is known to exhibit an absolute dependence on E alpha-bearing accessory cells (AC), which appear to function by binding the mitogen. We therefore compared the specificity and nature of the AC requirements for MAS and antigen-induced production of IL 2 in T hybridoma cell lines originating from a fusion by using hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)-specific, H-2d-restricted T blasts. A marked specificity was noted in the ability of the hybridoma lines to become activated by Con A, MAS, or HEL antigen. Thus all three lines produced IL 2 in response to Con A without the addition of B lymphoma AC. Two lines responded to MAS, but only in the presence of AC, and only one line responded to HEL antigen in the presence of AC. Using the HEL responsive T hybridoma line, we demonstrated that disrupted AC and AC membranes could present MAS but not HEL. MAS rapidly associated with AC at 4 degrees C, whereas HEL failed to do so. Paraformaldehyde-fixed AC could absorb the mitogen in MAS and present it to T hybridoma cells within several minutes, whereas HEL antigen could only be presented by fixed AC if there was a prolonged period of incubation (greater than 30 min) at 37 degrees C before fixation. The combined data indicate that metabolically active cells are not required for the association of MAS with AC or for presentation of MAS to T hybridomas. In contrast, HEL antigen requires metabolically active cells for both of these processes. Thus, the mitogen in MAS can bind to AC without any processing requirements, and it is likely that the resulting complex of mitogen and Ia molecules can directly activate T hybridoma cells. PMID- 3486216 TI - Selective chemotaxis of subsets of B lymphocytes from gut-associated lymphoid tissue and its implications for the recruitment of mucosal plasma cells. AB - As they differentiate, precursor cells from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue are known to travel via the lymphatic system to the blood and then preferentially to home to various mucosal and exocrine sites such as the lamina propria of the gut and the lactating mammary gland, where they give rise to IgA-secreting plasma cells. The present study, directed at the mechanism by which the circulating precursors of mucosal IgA plasma cells selectively lodge in characteristic locations, explored the hypothesis that such homing is due to a locally produced chemotactic factor and that milk might be a source of such a factor. Subsets of lymphocytes bearing particular surface markers and purified by panning from lymph nodes of mice were examined in a micropore chemotaxis assay to search for the presence of chemotactic activity in mouse milk. The globulin fraction of whey was shown to contain a nondialyzable factor that is chemotactic for IgA (and also IgG)-positive lymphocytes when these are obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes as a source of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue. Lymphocytes from peripheral lymph nodes, nonmucosal associated, were unaffected as were surface IgM-positive lymphocytes and T lymphocytes obtained from mesenteric nodes. Chemotactic activity for IgA lymphocytes was undetectable in mouse serum. The data are consistent with the idea that precursors of mucosal IgA plasma cells home to mucosal and exocrine sites in response to a specific chemotactic factor elaborated by local differentiated epithelial cells. PMID- 3486215 TI - Signals involved in T cell activation. II. Distinct roles of intact accessory cells, phorbol esters, and interleukin 1 in activation and cell cycle progression of resting T lymphocytes. AB - The signals involved in the initiation of mitogen-induced activation of resting guinea pig T cells were examined. The combination of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated DNA synthesis by accessory cell (AC)-depleted T cells cultured at high density, but the use of low density cultures indicated that intact AC were absolutely necessary for PHA stimulated T cell DNA synthesis even in the presence of PMA, interleukin 1 (IL 1), or interleukin 2 (IL 2). In contrast, AC-depleted T cells were able to respond to the combination of the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, and PMA regardless of the cell density at which they were cultured. Cell cycle analysis by acridine orange staining indicated that neither PHA nor ionomycin, in the absence of AC, activated resting T cells. PMA in the absence of all AC, supported cell cycle entry and progression to the DNA synthetic phase of the majority of ionomycin-stimulated T cells, but permitted only a small number of PHA-triggered T cells to enter the initial stage of the cell cycle (G1a) characterized by a modest increase in cellular RNA content. Although PMA permitted some PHA stimulated T cells to enter the cell cycle, most required intact AC to enter G1, and all required intact AC to progress through G1 and synthesize maximal amounts of RNA. No PHA-stimulated cells reached the S phase without intact AC. In PHA stimulated cultures containing intact AC, PMA increased the number of cells entering the cell cycle and increased the rate of their progress to the DNA synthetic phase. IL 1 also augmented PHA-stimulated AC-dependent T cell DNA synthesis in the presence or absence of PMA, but appeared to be most active during the later stage of the first cell cycle, augmenting the number of activated cells that entered the S phase of the cell cycle. These results support the conclusion that intact AC, IL 1, and a PMA-like signal play distinct roles in the progression of mitogen-stimulated T cells through the first round of the cell cycle. PMID- 3486217 TI - Elevation of corticosteroid-binding globulin in obese strain (OS) chickens: possible implications for the disturbed immunoregulation and the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Basal plasma levels of corticosterone and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) have been investigated in Obese strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT). Corticosterone was determined radioimmunologically, and CBG by using a highly sensitive radioligand saturation assay. OS chickens displayed total corticosterone levels not different from healthy normal White Leghorn (NWL) chickens. CBG, however, was found to be twice as high in OS chickens as compared with their healthy counterparts, irrespective of sex or age. This quantitative difference in the CBG level is not compensated for by either altered affinity or specificity of the molecule. Furthermore, no differences were found in the response of OS and NWL lymphocytes to the suppressive effect of glucocorticoids in vitro. We therefore assume that OS animals are deficient in free, hormonally active corticosterone. An additional indication for such a diminished glucocorticoid tonus was that in vivo treatment of OS chickens with glucocorticoid hormones, thus increasing the free and active hormone fraction, normalizes the T cell hyperreactivity and significantly reduces thyroid infiltration. Possible pathophysiological implications of a diminished glucocorticoid tonus for spontaneous autoimmunity, as well as possible explanations for the beneficial effects of glucocorticoid treatment on the development of SAT, are discussed. PMID- 3486218 TI - Normal human neutrophils are a source of a specific interleukin 1 inhibitor. AB - In the course of our study on neutrophil production of an interleukin 1 (IL-1) like factor, we found that the addition of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to monocytes cultured in the presence of zymosan resulted in decreased IL 1 activity of the resultant supernatant, suggesting that PMN may contain an inhibitor of IL 1. The objective of this investigation was to study this IL 1 inhibitor which normal human PMN contain. The inhibitor is constitutively present in the PMN because 0 hr PMN lysates and unstimulated PMN supernatants also show inhibitory activity. The PMN inhibitor inhibits IL 1 (crude and partially purified) in a dose-response manner and does not affect basal [3H]thymidine incorporation in the presence or absence of PHA-P. The PMN inhibitor does not have any effect on interleukin 2 (IL 2)-induced proliferation of the IL 2-dependent CTLL cells. The inhibitor can be generated in the absence of serum and is not produced as a result of proteolytic activity from PMN enzymes. The inhibitor is heat-labile and is most stable at neutral pH. Gel filtration studies on Sephadex G-200 indicate that the inhibitor is heterogeneous in size. Two inhibitory peaks, at 45,000 to 70,000 m.w. and at greater than 160,000 m.w., were observed. When zymosan stimulated PMN supernatant was chromatographed, there was separation of inhibitory factor from a 17,000 m.w. proliferating factor. Presence of this PMN inhibitor may be important in negative regulation of IL 1. PMID- 3486219 TI - Interleukin 1 and the glomerular mesangium. I. Purification and characterization of a mesangial cell-derived autogrowth factor. AB - The proteins expressing interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity from rat peritoneal macrophages and cultured glomerular mesangial cells were compared after purification to apparent homogeneity. The purified IL 1 shared a number of biochemical features including m.w., charge, and specific activity. These findings were extended by the results of proteolytic peptide mapping, which revealed similar breakdown oligopeptides, confirming the close resemblance of these two IL 1 species produced by macrophages and mesangial cells. The purified mesangial cell IL 1 acts as an autocrine or paracrine growth factor. The local release of this cytokine may be an important factor in glomerular diseases characterized by mesangial proliferation and matrix expansion. PMID- 3486220 TI - Development and characterization of antiserum to murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - The expression in yeast of a cDNA clone encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has made possible the purification of large quantities of this recombinant protein. Rabbits immunized with pure recombinant GM-CSF generated antibodies that were shown to be specific for both recombinant GM-CSF and GM-CSF isolated from natural sources. Other lymphokines, including IL 1 beta, IL 2, IL 3, and recombinant human GM-CSF did not react with the antiserum. The antiserum, together with recombinant GM-CSF that had been radiolabeled with 125I to high specific activity, formed the foundation for a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative radioimmunoassay specific for murine GM-CSF. Furthermore, the antiserum was found to inhibit the biologic activities of GM-CSF as measured in both a bone marrow proliferation assay and a colony assay, and thus should prove to be a useful reagent for dissecting the complex growth factor activities involved in murine hematopoiesis. PMID- 3486221 TI - In vitro immunization. Effect of growth and differentiation factors on antigen specific B cell activation and production of monoclonal antibodies to autologous antigens and weak immunogens. AB - The antigen-specific activation of murine nonimmunized B lymphocytes subsequently used in hybridization experiments has been investigated by using phylogenetically conserved antigens or autologous immunogens. This in vitro immunization was supported by B cell growth and differentiation factors derived from phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated EL-4 thymoma cells and mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). A filter immuno-plaque assay was used to evaluate the effect of different activation procedures on the number of antigen-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC). We first determined the requirement for MLC-derived lymphokines in the in vitro immunization. An optimal number of antigen-specific PFC was obtained when using 33 to 50% of the supernatant from a 48-hr MLC to support the activation. B cell growth and differentiation factors derived from EL-4 cultures were then tested for their abilities to potentiate the number of PFC by using both unseparated spleen cells and highly purified Ig-positive B cells as target cells. The combination of lymphokines found in supernatants from 25% EL-4 thymoma culture and 33% MLC yielded the highest number of PFC when used to support an in vitro immunization. This optimal factor preparation was used to determine the kinetics (4 to 7 days) and the dose response (0.01 to 10 micrograms antigen/ml) of antigen-specific B cell activation before using the immunized splenocytes as parental cells in cell fusion experiments. Mouse albumin and hemoglobin, actin (25 micrograms/ml), RNA polymerase II (5 micrograms/ml), as well as syngeneic mouse serum were used to immunize BALB/c spleen cells in vitro. We obtained antigen-specific PFC by using all of the different immunogens, including syngeneic mouse serum, and the in vitro immunized cells were then used in hybridization experiments. The specific efficiencies of each fusion that made use of cells immunized with mouse albumin, hemoglobin, syngeneic mouse serum, actin, or RNA polymerase II were 12, 31, 33, 52, and 22%, respectively, which illustrated the apparent lack of immune tolerance found when the immunization was performed in culture. PMID- 3486222 TI - Biochemistry of HLA-DRw6: evidence for seven distinct haplotypes. AB - The DRw6 specificity, which has a frequency of 11% in the Caucasian population, cannot be positively defined, since no monospecific allo-antiserum is available. This particular status among DR specificities led us to study the DRw6 haplotypes at the molecular level. We performed 2D-PAGE analysis of HLA-DR molecules in 44 different DRw6 haplotypes. The data were obtained from six homozygous typing cells, eight families informative for the segregation of the DRw6 haplotype, and 15 unrelated donors. Five unique beta-chain electrophoretic patterns were detected, indicating the existence of five structurally distinct DRw6 beta chains. Each haplotype expresses one or two beta-chains. The different combinations of the DR beta-chains present in a single haplotype allow to characterize seven unique DRw6 haplotypes. In contrast to what has been previously found for DR2 and DR4, there is no DR beta-chain common to all the DRw6 cells. Correlation of the biochemical data with the recent serologic (DRw13 vs DRw14) and cellular (Dw9, Dw18, Dw19) splits of the DRw6 specificity will be discussed. PMID- 3486223 TI - In vitro sensitization and expansion with viable tumor cells and interleukin 2 in the generation of specific therapeutic effector cells. AB - We have investigated the efficacy and immunologic characteristics of immune effector cells generated from cultures containing large numbers of viable tumor cells and interleukin 2 (IL 2) in the adoptive immunotherapy of experimentally induced pulmonary metastases from the newly developed, weakly immunogenic MCA 105 sarcoma in mice. The current culture conditions allowed increases of either normal or MCA 105 immune spleen cells up to 94-fold in 15 days. The in vitro expanded normal and MCA 105 immune cells displayed nonspecific in vitro cytotoxicity against several syngeneic tumor targets. However, therapeutically effective cells could only be obtained from cultures initiated with MCA 105 immune spleen cells. Immunotherapy with expanded immune effector cells could lead to the reduction of established 3 day pulmonary metastases, prolongation of survival, and cure of tumor in the majority of animals. The generation and proliferation of therapeutic effector cells in vitro depended on the presence in cultures of specific tumor stimulator cells as well as the presence of IL 2. Although immunotherapy with either fresh noncultured or secondarily in vitro sensitized (IVS) MCA 105 immune spleen cells was immunologically specific, the efficacy of the adoptive cellular therapy with cultured but not fresh immune cells could be improved by the administration to tumor-bearing hosts of exogenous IL 2. In addition to numerical expansion, the IVS immune cells, on a per cell basis, afforded an eightfold to 10-fold increase in therapeutic efficacy when compared with fresh noncultured MCA 105 immune cells. Our results indicate that the current culture procedure induced in vitro antigenic stimulation and expansion of tumor-specific immune effector cells that was otherwise not possible by conventional mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures. PMID- 3486224 TI - Newborn Xid mice carry the genetic information for the production of natural autoantibodies against DNA, cytoskeletal proteins, and TNP. AB - Spleen cells from 6-day-old unimmunized male and female (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 mice, fused with the nonsecreting hybrid SP2/0, gave 184 hybrids secreting immunoglobulins (183 IgM class; 115 from males and 69 from females) which were screened for antibody (Ab) activity against actin, tubulin, myosin, TNP-BSA, dsDNA, and denatured DNA. Eleven hybrids from the male series (9.65%) and eight hybrids from the female series (11.55%) secreted immunoglobulins with significant Ab activity against at least one of the six antigens tested. Four of these clones reacted with a single antigen, while 15 others reacted simultaneously with at least two antigens. Three hybrid clones exhibited Ab activity against all of the antigens tested. The monoclonality and specificity of the immunoglobulins from tissue culture supernatants were respectively assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after biosynthetic labeling and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results confirm our previous findings with newborn and adult BALB/c mice, demonstrating a high frequency of this auto-Ab repertoire, especially in newborn mice, and widespread polyspecificity found among these natural auto-Ab. Xid mice are characterized by the absence of a Lyb-3+,5+ B cell population; nevertheless, these studies suggest--but do not prove--that the Lyb-3 ,5- lymphocyte population seems to carry genetic information for the production of natural auto-Ab, because no marked differences were observed in the secretory patterns of hybrids obtained from male mice bearing the Xid defect and from normal female mice. Hence, we postulate that the Xid gene might be a regulatory gene because Xid mice, in contrast with normal mice, are unable to secrete anti DNA auto-Ab on mitogenic stimulation, despite carrying the genetic information. PMID- 3486225 TI - Analysis of T cell and B cell function in Peyer's patch and lamina propria of New Zealand Black and DBA/2 mice. AB - We have analyzed gastrointestinal immune function in both DBA/2 and spontaneously autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) mice. We have studied both in vitro proliferation and differentiation of Peyer's patch cells and have measured immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by cultured jejunal segments. Peyer's patch B cells and T cells from both DBA/2 and NZB mice showed similar proliferative responses to Con A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. Unlike NZB splenic B cells, isolated Peyer's patch B cells from NZB mice did not spontaneously secrete Ig of any isotype. Seven-day cultures of equal numbers of Peyer's patch T cells and B cells resulted in similar patterns of secretion of IgA, IgG, and IgM in both strains. The addition of Con A to cultures of DBA/2 Peyer's patch cells consistently resulted in a onefold to threefold increase in IgA secretion after 7 days. Con A stimulation of NZB Peyer's patch cells did not produce any increment in IgA secretion. LPS stimulation of Peyer's patch cells from either strain resulted in a similar increase in IgG secretion with little effect on IgA secretion. The in vivo correlate of this finding was seen in the IgA to IgG ratio of Ig secreted by cultured jejunal fragments. In DBA/2 mice the rates of IgA/IgG varied from 2.36 to 4.85, whereas in NZB mice the ratio never exceeded 0.5. These experiments show that defects on the T cell compartment of NZB mice encompass gut associated lymphoid tissue. The possible relationship of these findings and previously observed defects in oral tolerance is discussed. PMID- 3486226 TI - Role of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 in rat and mouse arthritis models. AB - The production of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) by macrophages and lymphocytes from three animal models commonly used for rheumatoid arthritis, viz. adjuvant-induced and type II collagen-induced rat arthritis, and MRL/1 murine arthritis was studied. Although the peritoneal macrophages from adjuvant arthritic rats in culture produced increased amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lower levels of IL 1 than the control group, cells from collagen-arthritic rats released normal levels of PGE2, but increased amounts of IL 1. After activation with lipopolysaccharides, the IL 1 production by macrophages from all groups was comparable. Addition of indomethacin did not significantly change the IL 1 production in any of these groups. In the absence of any exogenous mitogen, IL 2 production by the lymphocytes of adjuvant-arthritic rats was low, but could be restored to the normal levels when phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A) was added. The lymphocytes from collagen-arthritic rats were capable of producing IL 2 without the need of any T cell mitogen. The lymphocytes from MRL/1 mice seemed to lack the functionality in terms of IL 2 production. The macrophagic IL 1 production in these animals was normal. Our data suggest that the type II collagen arthritis model may closely resemble human rheumatoid arthritis in which IL 1 and IL 2 production by the mononuclear cells is significantly enhanced. PMID- 3486228 TI - Functional activity of different IgG subclass antibodies against type b capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The biologic activity of different human IgG subclass antibodies directed against the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PRP) was compared by using an in vitro complement-mediated bactericidal assay and an in vivo passive protection assay in infant rats. An IgG pool was made by Sephacryl S 300 chromatography of sera from adults immunized with PRP vaccine. An IgG2 subclass fraction was prepared by column immunoabsorption of the IgG pool with anti-IgG1 monoclonal antibody. An IgG1 subclass fraction was eluted from the affinity matrix. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 concentrations in the fractions were measured by solid-phase competitive radioimmunoassays, and anti-PRP antibody was measured by a modified Farr assay. Each fraction was greater than 90% pure IgG2 or IgG1, respectively. There were no significant differences in the minimal anti PRP antibody concentrations required to kill 50% of Hib cells in vitro (IgG, 0.22; IgG1, 0.21; and IgG2, 0.42 microgram/ml). Similarly, equivalent amounts of anti-PRP antibody of the IgG1 or IgG2 fractions protected against bacteremia (IgG1, 0.12; IgG2, 0.24 microgram per rat). IgG absorbed to remove anti-PRP antibody was neither bactericidal nor protective. Thus IgG1 and IgG2 anti-PRP antibody have equivalent functional activities against Hib as determined by these biologic assays. PMID- 3486227 TI - Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 66,000 Mr soluble protein in lectin-activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. AB - Protein phosphorylation was studied in human T lymphocytes stimulated with the mitogenic lectins phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The T lymphocytes were prepared from the venous blood of normal volunteers, their intracellular ATP pools were labeled with [32P]orthophosphate, and protein phosphorylation was assayed in the soluble fraction by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. When lymphocytes stimulated with PHA or Con A were compared to unstimulated control cells, there was a general increase in protein phosphorylation and the specific phosphorylation of a soluble protein with Mr = 64.9 to 69 KD and pI = 5.6 to 5.8. Phosphorylation of this protein, designated TPP-66, was observed as early as 2 min after the addition of lectin with a gradual increase in the level of phosphorylation over the next 120 min. In the majority of experiments, there was no phosphorylation seen in the unstimulated lymphocytes; however, in some experiments, there was appreciable phosphorylation, which was seen beginning 60 min after the labeling period. When the TPP-66 spot from stimulated lymphocytes was excised from gels, was eluted, and was subjected to limited base hydrolysis followed by single-dimension high voltage electrophoresis, the major phosphorylated residue migrated with phosphotyrosine. In some experiments, there was phosphorylation of serine residues in both the stimulated and control cells; tyrosine phosphorylation was never seen in the unstimulated cell population. These data suggest that, like other stimuli for cell growth, the induction of lymphocyte growth by lectins is associated with the activation of a tyrosine-specific kinase. Thus, tyrosine phosphorylation may play a key role in the transmission of the signal for lymphocyte growth from the exterior to the interior of the cell. PMID- 3486229 TI - Generation of purified stromal cell cultures that support lymphoid and myeloid precursors. AB - Treatment of Dexter-type long-term bone marrow cultures with the antibiotic mycophenolic acid (MPA) eliminates all hemopoietic cells from the cultures, while a morphologically intact, adherent stromal cell layer is retained. The ability of these MPA treated stromal cell cultures to support long-term hemopoiesis was tested by seeding them with fresh bone marrow cells that had been passed through nylon wool. This procedure yields a relatively stromal cell depleted population of hemopoietic cells. An aliquot of 5 X 10(5) or 2.5 X 10(5) nylon wool passed bone marrow cells bearing the T6 chromosomal marker was seeded onto replicate MPA treated stromal cell layers. The stromal cells stimulated the proliferation of the bone marrow cells, and nonadherent cells were present for up to 8 weeks of culture. Progenitors of granulocytes and macrophages (CFU-GM) were also present for this period of time despite weekly demi-depopulation, during culture feeding. Karyotypic analysis confirmed that the CFU-GM were derived from the reseeded population. Nylon wool-passed bone marrow cells seeded alone into empty flasks under identical conditions did not survive past 1 week. Cells from the reseeded cultures were also tested for early myeloid precursors (CFU-S) and injected into immunodeficient CBA/N mice to test for the presence of primitive B cell precursors. CFU-S were present in mice killed 11 days following injection of cells, and high levels of B cell colony-forming units (CFU-B) were present in mice 4 weeks post reconstitution. Further studies demonstrated that factors present in medium conditioned by the stromal cells could support the growth of CFU-GM. These data indicate that treatment of long-term bone marrow cultures with MPA results in a population of functional stromal cells. PMID- 3486230 TI - Introduction of a selectable gene into murine T-lymphoblasts by a retroviral vector. AB - A recombinant retroviral vector with an inserted bacterial neomycin resistance (neo) gene was used to transfer in vitro neomycin resistance (neoR) into murine cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CLP). The infection protocol involved co cultivation of mitogen-activated splenic T-blasts with irradiated cells that produced either the recombinant retrovirus plus a helper virus, or exclusively the recombinant retrovirus. Infected T-blasts were subsequently cultured under limiting dilution (LD) conditions that supported clonal in vitro development of a large fraction of murine CLP. In infected T-blast populations, frequency estimates were obtained for CLP that developed into functional cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations under G418-selected or non-selected conditions; from these frequency estimates, an efficiency of transduction of the neoR phenotype into murine CLP of 2-8% was calculated. Some conditions were defined that influenced transduction efficiency, i.e., the density of the infecting monolayer cells; the presence of interleukin 2-containing conditioned medium and mitogenic lectins during the co-culture period; a delayed onset of G418 selection after infection. It was demonstrated that the neoR phenotype of functional CTL populations derived from infected CLP resulted from expressed recombinant retrovirus. PMID- 3486231 TI - Human interleukin 2. Quantitation by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. AB - Using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to human recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), we developed a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for quantitation of human IL-2. In this assay, microtitration plates pre-coated with an anti-rIL-2 monoclonal antibody (35H10), recognizing residues 59-72 of human IL-2, are incubated with serial dilutions of test samples. Captured IL-2 is quantitated by adding an affinity-purified rabbit anti-rIL-2 antibody followed by an 125I-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. Antibodies to chemically synthesized IL-2 peptides could replace the polyspecific rabbit anti-rIL-2 antibody as the second specific reagent in the assay. This configuration was more sensitive than others tested, approaching the level of detection of the conventional IL-2 bioassay, thus allowing detection of as little as 100-200 pg IL-2. Serum or plasma fluids, however, inhibited the assay, reducing its sensitivity by approximately 5-fold. This RIA correlated well with the conventional bioassay in measuring IL-2 levels in sera from IL-2-treated patients. This, and similar, RIAs may serve as a useful adjunct or alternative to the conventional IL-2 bioassay in detecting and quantitating human IL-2 in culture supernatants and clinical samples. PMID- 3486232 TI - Separation of lymphocyte subpopulations using biotin-avidin erythrocyte rosettes. AB - The major method for isolating murine lymphocyte subpopulations involves negative selection using antibody plus complement-mediated cytolysis. We have developed an efficient rosette method for enriching murine B and T cells using biotin conjugated antibodies and avidin-coated sheep erythrocytes. Rosetted and non rosetted subpopulations are separated rapidly on Percoll cushions. In systems employing rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin or monoclonal rat anti-mouse Thy-1.2 conjugated to biotin, positively-selected cells are greater than 90% pure while negatively-depleted populations possess less than 2% contamination with unwanted cells. Recoveries from starting spleen cell populations range between 50 and 75%. This method provides an easily performed alternative for obtaining positively and negatively selected cell populations and can be used with any biotin-conjugated antibody protein. PMID- 3486233 TI - Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability. AB - A convenient way to estimate the number of viable cells growing in microtitre tray wells is to use a colorimetric assay and an automatic microplate scanning spectrophotometer. One such assay, developed by Mosmann, depends on the reduction by living cells of tetrazolium salt, MTT, to form a blue formazan product. However the original technique has several technical limitations, namely a less than optimal sensitivity, a variable background due to protein precipitation on adding an organic solvent to dissolve the blue formazan product, and a low solubility of the product. These problems have been overcome by the following modifications: avoidance of serum in the incubation medium, thus overcoming precipitation problems in the organic solvent; avoidance of phenol red in the incubation medium, thus avoiding the use of acid in the final solvent which altered the spectral properties of the formazan; elimination of the medium containing MTT after the reaction and subsequent use of pure propanol or ethanol to rapidly solubilize the formazan; use of a higher concentration of MTT; use of half-area microtitre trays to increase the spectrophotometer readings from a given amount of formazan; use of a more judicious reference wavelength in a dual wavelength spectrophotometer. With these modifications the reliability and sensitivity of the test have been increased to the point where it can in many cases replace the [3H]thymidine uptake assay to measure cell proliferation or survival in growth factor or cytotoxicity assays. Examples of its use in IL-2 assays are given. PMID- 3486234 TI - Management of non-union of fractures with direct current stimulation. PMID- 3486235 TI - Levels of free granulocyte elastase in bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis: effect of antimicrobial treatment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Large amounts of free granulocyte elastase (GE), an enzyme capable of mediating airway damage, have been found in bronchial secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis who are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This finding indicates an imbalance between GE and its antiproteases, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI) and bronchial mucosal inhibitor (BMI), in the airways of these individuals. The effect of intravenous antimicrobial treatment against P. aeruginosa on activity and concentration of GE, BMI, and alpha 1-PI was evaluated in 30 treatment courses of 20 patients with cystic fibrosis. Although sputum volume and level of immunoreactive GE decreased and concentrations of alpha 1-PI and BMI increased significantly (P less than .05), a high level of free GE persisted. No active alpha 1-PI and BMI were detectable after treatment. High levels of GE correlated with a poor pulmonary condition (rs = .98, P less than .001). In vitro, elastolytic activity of bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis was significantly inhibited by eglin C and an oxidation-resistant variant of alpha 1-PI, both compounds currently produced by recombinant DNA technology. PMID- 3486236 TI - Effects of sulfonylurea compounds on Pneumocystis carinii. AB - Two sulfonylurea compounds, carbutamide and tolbutamide, were studied for efficacy against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in the corticosteroid-treated rat model and compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). The chemical structures of these sulfonylureas are identical except that an amino group in carbutamide is replaced with a methyl group in tolbutamide. Carbutamide was totally effective in the prevention and treatment of P. carinii pneumonitis in dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg per day. The carbutamide dosage of 50 mg/kg per day prevented the infection in 90% of animals, whereas tolbutamide in the same dosage permitted infection in 100% of animals. This study shows that carbutamide is at least as effective as TMP-SMZ in the treatment and prevention of murine P. carinii pneumonitis. The presence of an amino group in the para position on the benezene ring is a determinant for this activity. PMID- 3486237 TI - In vitro drug susceptibility and doses of metronidazole required for cure in cases of refractory vaginal trichomoniasis. AB - There are currently no laboratory or clinical guidelines for the identification and treatment of disease caused by metronidazole-resistant strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. Fifty-three isolates of T. vaginalis from cases of refractory vaginitis in the United States (26 states) and Canada were tested for aerobic and anaerobic metronidazole susceptibility, and after various dosages of metronidazole, the therapeutic outcomes were evaluated for 31 of these cases. The mean aerobic metronidazole susceptibility of these isolates was 195.5 micrograms/ml (range, 12.5-greater than 1,000), which was about eightfold higher than that seen in isolates that were not resistant to metronidazole. The mean anaerobic susceptibility was 5 micrograms/ml (range, 1.6-25), which was about threefold higher than that of isolates from nonresistant strains. The average aerobic-to-anaerobic ratio of metronidazole susceptibility in the highly resistant isolates was more than 3.5-fold greater than that seen in the nonresistant isolates. White women accounted for 88% of the resistant infections. Of 31 cases that were re-treated and monitored, the highest average dose that failed to achieve a cure was 2.1 g of metronidazole/day given over an eight-day period; 27 (87%) of 31 cases were ultimately cured with an average dosage of 2.6 g of metronidazole/day given over a mean period of nine days. Resistance to treatment with metronidazole varied from mild to severe, and the resistance was occasionally more severe than the susceptibility values indicate. PMID- 3486238 TI - [Functional differentiation of trophoblast and its implication for the self regulatory mechanism of placental protein hormones]. PMID- 3486240 TI - Nasal mucus clearance. AB - Nasal mucus clearance (N.M.C.) varies with geographical conditions. Studies on the evaluation of this important function have so far been done only in the western part of the world, but now the normal values of N.M.C. in India have been established by measuring the transportation of saccharine crystals through the nose. This has been compared with the values obtained in various diseases of the nasal and lower respiratory tracts, thus establishing the prognostic and diagnostic importance of measuring the nasal mucus clearance. PMID- 3486239 TI - [Report on a case producing colony-stimulating factor from anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 3486241 TI - Relationship between growth and function of human thyroid cells in culture. AB - Subconfluent human thyroid cells in monolayer, isolated from thyrotoxic tissue or non-toxic goitres obtained at surgery, responded to the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) with an increase in cell growth as measured by increased incorporation of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. The growth response to EGF was concentration-dependent and the characteristics of the responses were the same using EGF from murine or human sources. With concentrations which stimulated growth, EGF was found to inhibit human thyroid cell function as measured by the release of radioimmunoassayable tri iodothyronine into the incubation medium. Thyrotrophin (TSH) was also found to stimulate human thyroid cell growth but at concentrations far lower than those used to stimulate thyroid cell function in this system. The effect of EGF on the differentiating action of TSH on human thyroid cells in culture was also investigated; the association of thyroid cells into two-dimensional follicular structures produced by the incubation of thyroid cells at a high cell density with TSH was found to be inhibited by the addition of EGF. PMID- 3486242 TI - The dopaminergic regulation of anterior pituitary 45Ca2+ homeostasis and prolactin secretion. AB - A role for the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in the dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion was investigated in rat anterior pituitary glands. Withdrawal of dopamine stimulated the uptake of 45Ca2+ into hemipituitary tissue by 48% after 3 min. Radioisotope desaturation from tissue prelabelled with 45Ca2+ was significantly retarded in the presence of dopamine. Withdrawal of dopamine rapidly stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux from prelabelled tissue by 79% and was accompanied by a three- to fourfold rise in prolactin secretion. The 45Ca2+ efflux response to dopamine withdrawal was reduced in tissue prelabelled in the presence of dopamine. Agonist displacement with metoclopramide mimicked the effect of dopamine withdrawal on 45Ca2+ efflux and prolactin secretion. These observations demonstrate that the stimulation of prolactin release by dopamine withdrawal is accompanied by a redistribution of cellular Ca2+ and support the hypothesis that dopamine inhibits secretion by decreasing Ca2+ influx in the mammotroph cell. PMID- 3486244 TI - T cell-specific gamma genes in C57BL/10 mice. Sequence and expression of new constant and variable region genes. AB - The T cell-specific gamma genes in C57BL/10 (B10) mice have been analyzed. Based on the cDNA sequences of these genes from antigen-specific MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells, we found that the repertoire of these genes is not as limited as previously postulated (8). T cells from the B10 mice express an identical copy of V gamma J gamma C gamma (V gamma 10.8A-JC gamma 10.5) transcript previously found in T cells of BALB/c mice. In addition, a potentially functional mRNA using V gamma 10.8B and newly identified J gamma and C gamma gene segments were found. The new J gamma C gamma (JC gamma 10.8) is located 5' to the inverted V gamma 10.8B in the germline DNA of both B10 and BALB/c mice. This new C gamma is only 77 and 66% homologous to the C gamma 10.5 at the nucleotide and deduced protein sequences, respectively, thus making it a potential isotype of the C gamma genes reported previously. The V gamma 5.7, J gamma 2.3 gene segments and pseudogene C gamma 7.5 found in the germline DNA of BALB/c mice are absent in B10 mice. The loss of this gamma chain pseudogene in the B10 mouse strain, and the retention of all potentially functional V gamma, J gamma, and C gamma genes with highly conserved coding sequences supports the importance of these genes. PMID- 3486243 TI - Murine eosinophil differentiation factor. An eosinophil-specific colony stimulating factor with activity for human cells. AB - A purified murine lymphokine, eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF), was found to be a selective stimulus for the clonal proliferation and differentiation of murine eosinophil progenitor cells, establishing it as the murine eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (Eo-CSF). EDF was also active on human eosinophil progenitors and mature blood eosinophils, but had no effect on neutrophil or macrophage precursor cells, nor on blood neutrophils. In culture of human bone marrow cells, EDF stimulated equal numbers and equal sizes of eosinophil colonies to develop when compared with human placental conditioned medium, a source of human CSFs, suggesting that all responsive progenitor cells were stimulated. Clone transfer experiments and the linear relationship between number of bone marrow cells plated and colonies produced confirmed that the action of EDF was directly on eosinophil progenitor cells. EDF increased the capacity of human blood eosinophils, but not neutrophils, to kill antibody-coated tumor cells and to phagocytose serum-opsonized yeast cells. This functional activation was associated with the enhanced expression of functional antigens (GFA-1, GFA-2, and the receptor for C3bi) on eosinophils. The possession by EDF (Eo-CSF) of all the properties expected of a human eosinophil CSF raises the possibility that a human analog of this molecule exists, and is involved in the regulation of production and function of human eosinophils in vivo. PMID- 3486245 TI - Imbalanced MHC class II molecule expression at surface of murine B cell lymphomas. AB - To study the role of class II MHC expression in mouse lymphomagenesis, we examined the cell surface expression of I-A/E antigens on 24 spontaneous or murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced mouse B10.A (I-Ak, I-Ek) B cell lymphomas. Two primary B10.A B cell lymphomas were observed with strong I-Ek expression but with only minimal cell surface I-Ak expression. Both tumors are readily transplantable in syngeneic mice, with maintenance of their I-A-, I-E+ phenotype. Strikingly, one I-A-, I-E+ B cell lymphoma contains a (11; 17) translocation with a breakpoint on chromosome 17 that is localized within or very close to the H-2 complex. DNA of both tumors contains normal restriction enzyme fragments of the A alpha and A beta genes. Northern blot analyses indicated that one I-A-, I-E+ tumor strongly expressed A alpha, E alpha, and E beta mRNAs but possessed only a weak expression of A beta mRNA. The other B cell lymphoma showed A beta, E alpha, and E beta mRNA expression but only minimal A alpha mRNA expression. In 11 primary B10.A B cell lymphomas with a normal I-A+, I-E+ phenotype, no imbalances in A alpha/A beta mRNA levels were observed. The implications of these findings for the role of class II MHC expression in mouse B cell lymphoma-genesis are discussed. PMID- 3486247 TI - Enhancement of epidermal regeneration by biosynthetic epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal regeneration depends on mitosis and migration of keratinocytes. Epidermal growth factor is known to stimulate growth of keratinocytes in vitro, thus it might be expected to promote wound healing. The results of this study show that topical application of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor accelerates epidermal regeneration in split-thickness wounds and partial thickness burns. The significant enhancement of epidermal regeneration suggests the potential for clinical use of epidermal growth factor for accelerating healing of burns, wounds from trauma, diabetic ulcers, skin graft donor sites, and others. PMID- 3486246 TI - Detection of T cell receptor alpha chain locus rearrangements in human antigen specific T lymphocyte clones using a DNA probe specific for chromosome region 14q11. AB - Human cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes were used to characterize DNA rearrangements using a cDNA probe from the T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha chain gene. Rearranged patterns were detected in some T cell clones, confirming that normal mature T cells are rearranged in TCR-alpha locus. Similarly, rearranged DNA patterns were found in T cell clones from the same panel, using a DNA probe (clone K-40, [1]) isolated from chromosome 14 (14q11), where the TCR-alpha locus has been mapped. These results suggest that this genomic DNA clone is located within the TCR-alpha chain locus. PMID- 3486249 TI - Growth-supporting activity of fragment Ba of the human alternative complement pathway for activated murine B lymphocytes. AB - We have investigated the effects of cleavage of factor B by its activating enzyme, factor D, as well as its activation fragments Bb and Ba, on the growth of mouse spleen B lymphocytes preactivated by LPS. Neither factor B nor factor D show any growth-supporting activity when tested alone. The coaddition of factor B and factor D to serum-free cultures of LPS-preactivated B cell blasts increased the proliferation of the responding cells up to the level obtained by restimulation with LPS. Such growth-supporting activity was shown to be mediated by Ba, whereas Bb did not show any significant effect. Furthermore, this effect was not restricted to the LPS-preactivated B cell blasts; in fact, Ba also supported the growth of in vivo, activated B cell blasts of unprimed mice of the LPS-nonresponder C3H/HeJ strain. In contrast, Ba did not maintain growth of Con A activated T cells or TCGF-dependent CTL cells. Taken together, these results describe the first biological activity of human Ba as a B cell stimulatory factor. PMID- 3486248 TI - Viruses disrupt functions of human lymphocytes. II. Measles virus suppresses antibody production by acting on B lymphocytes. AB - Measles virus infection is associated with suppression of immune functions both in vivo and in vitro. The virus infects T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes, but does not produce cytolysis. One consequence of infection in vitro is the failure of T and B lymphocyte mixtures to cooperate in secreting Ig in a PWM-driven system. Here we report that this defect in Ig secretion resides in the infected B lymphocyte, but not in the T lymphocyte or monocyte. Further, NK cells are not involved, since neither their depletion nor reconstitution abrogates suppression of B cell function. Proliferation of B cells in the early culture period is suppressed, suggesting that measles virus suppresses B cell development at the activation or proliferation stages, but does not affect terminal differentiation into Ig secreting cells. PMID- 3486250 TI - Multiple organ-reactive IgG antibody induced by an antiidiotypic antibody to a human monoclonal IgM autoantibody. AB - MOR-h1 is a human multiple organ-reactive (MOR) monoclonal autoantibody (Ab1) that reacts with human growth hormone (hGH) and a 35 kD protein found in the anterior pituitary, thyroid, stomach, and pancreas. 4E6 is a mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab2) that reacts with the paratope of MOR-h1 and is ligand inhibitable. In the present study, we immunized a rabbit with 4E6 and purified an IgG fraction (anti-4E6) from the sera. Competitive inhibition experiments showed that anti-4E6 (Ab3) binds to the same epitope on 4E6 and to the same antigens (i.e., hGH and 35 kD protein) as does MOR-h1. By immunofluorescence, anti-4E6, an IgG antibody, shows the same multiple organ reactivity with tissues as does MOR-h1, an IgM antibody. From these and other studies, we conclude that the 4E6 paratope (Ab2) has a conformational resemblance to an epitope on hGH and the 35 kD protein. This raises the possibility that antibodies made in response to certain anti-idiotypic antibodies may be one of the mechanisms for triggering an autoimmune response. PMID- 3486251 TI - Perceptions of fever among adults in a family practice setting. AB - Febrile illnesses are common clinical problems for the family physician. A questionnaire study was conducted of 100 adult patients in a family practice clinic to gain understanding of their knowledge about fever and its management. Many misconceptions were documented among adult patients about their own fevers and those of children for whom they cared. Misconceptions included the conviction that fever is more dangerous in children than in adults and a distorted concern about bodily damage from fever. Patients demonstrated a poor understanding of normal body temperature, minimum and maximum febrile temperatures, and minimum temperatures warranting antipyresis. Though many owned thermometers, they indicated improper usage and demonstrated inaccurate temperature-reading technique. Questionnaire responses indicated that health care providers had done poorly in educating patients about fever, its consequences, and its proper treatment. PMID- 3486253 TI - Manifestation of AIDS in the head and neck. PMID- 3486252 TI - Influence of partial activation on force-velocity properties of frog skinned muscle fibers in millimolar magnesium ion. AB - Segments of briefly glycerinated muscle fibers from Rana pipiens were activated rapidly by a brief exposure to 2.5 mM free calcium followed by a solution containing calcium buffered with EGTA to produce the desired level of force. Steps to isotonic loads were made using a servomotor, usually 3-5 s after the onset of activation. The relative isotonic forces (P/P0) and velocities from contractions obtained under similar circumstances were grouped together and fitted with hyperbolic functions. Under the condition of 6 mM MgCl2 and 5 mM ATP, there was no significant difference in the relative force-velocity relations obtained at full activation compared with those obtained at partial activation when developed force was approximately 40% of its full value. Control experiments showed that a variety of factors did not alter either the relative force-velocity relations or the finding that partial activation did not change these properties. The factors investigated included the decline in force that occurs with each successive contraction of skinned fibers, the segment length (over a range of 1-3 mm), the sarcomere length (over a range of 1.9-2.2 microns), the magnesium ion concentration (26 microM and 1.4 mM were tested), the ATP concentration, the presence of free calcium, and the age of the preparation (up to 30 h). Attempts to repeat earlier experiments by others showing a dependence of shortening velocity on activation were unsuccessful because the low ionic strength used in those experiments caused the fibers to break after a few contractions. The main conclusion, that the shortening velocity is independent of the level of activation, is consistent with the hypothesis that the cross-bridges act independently and that activating calcium acts only as an all-or-none switch for individual cross-bridge attachment sites, and does not otherwise influence the kinetics of cross-bridge movement. PMID- 3486254 TI - Neural control of muscle androgen receptors. AB - The number of cytosolic androgen receptors in rat skeletal muscle increases following denervation and disuse. This increase was postulated to represent altered intracellular distribution and consequent diminished sensitivity of skeletal muscle to androgens. To test this hypothesis, we measured total (homogenate) androgen receptor levels after denervation. Total (homogenate) androgen receptor binding did not change in response to denervation of leg muscles from adult male rats. An increase in cytosolic receptor number with no increase in total (homogenate) receptor levels supports the hypothesis of altered intracellular distribution of androgen receptors in denervated muscle. Cytosolic androgen receptor binding in muscle from male rats increased by 40% after denervation, whereas in females the increase was 17%. These increases could not be altered by endocrine manipulations of males or females. PMID- 3486255 TI - B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults. Clinical, morphologic, and immunologic findings. AB - Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, clinically, immunologically, and pathologically. ALL of a B cell phenotype (B ALL) is the least common. We have studied ten adult patients with B-ALL, none of whom had a tumor mass. The median age was 56 years (range, 30 to 90). A history of an altered immune state was noted in four cases: a distant history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in one, pregnancy in one, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in two. Two patients presented with CNS involvement, and in two additional patients CNS leukemia developed during the course of disease. By the French-American-British (FAB) classification system, L3 leukemic morphology was present in nine, whereas L2 was present in one. Circulating leukemic blasts varied from less than 500/dL to greater than 15,000/dL. Eight patients were thrombocytopenic, and eight were anemic at presentation. Immunologic marker studies on leukemic blasts revealed monoclonal kappa light chain marking in nine and monoclonal lambda in one. Following chemotherapy, complete remission was achieved in three patients, two of whom experienced relapse within 9 months. The median survival for the group was 3 months, and only one patient experienced long term, disease-free survival. We conclude that B-ALL in the adult presents with the classic L3 morphologic picture in the majority and is associated with extremely short survival. PMID- 3486257 TI - Eosinophilia and fluid retention in systemic administration of interleukin-2. PMID- 3486256 TI - Psychosocial problems among survivors of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The psychosocial problems that develop in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease were examined in a cross-sectional survey of 403 patients. The average age at treatment was 27 years and at interview was 36 years. The median time since treatment was 9 years. Sixty percent of the patients were treated for stage I or II disease and 40% for stage III or IV. Eighty-two percent of the patients had never relapsed, and 98% were free of disease at the time of interview. The study investigated the type and frequency of problems by means of a self administered questionnaire using standard survey items to assess disruption in three areas of life: sense of well-being, family relationships, and employment. Results indicate that energy had not returned to patients' satisfaction in 37% of the cases. This was influenced by age, time since therapy, stage of disease, and type of treatment. Patients with self-reported energy loss were more likely to be depressed. Moderately high divorce rates (32%), problems with infertility (18%), and less interest in sexual activity (20%) were reported. Employment patterns favored men returning to work, and number of hours worked was highly correlated with less depression, younger age, and return of energy. Difficulties at work were reported by 42% of the cases. The interaction of treatment, biologic, psychosocial, and functional variables is described. PMID- 3486258 TI - Evidence implicating descending fibers in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. AB - The role of ascending and descending fibers in self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area in the rat was assessed by noting whether anodal hyperpolarization of one of these sites could reduce the rewarding effect of stimulating the other site. Strength-duration curves were obtained by psychophysical means, with one of the depth electrodes serving as the cathode and the other as the anode. It was anticipated that at long pulse durations, conduction in some of the fibers stimulated at the cathode would be blocked at the anode. At shorter durations, the anodal hyperpolarization should have dissipated before the arrival of the action potentials triggered by the cathode. Thus, the predicted effect of the block was to bend the strength-duration curves obtained with two depth electrodes upward at long pulse durations, provided that the anode lay between the cathode and the efferent stages of the pathway responsible for the rewarding effect. To control for possible differences in the density of the reward substrate in the lateral hypothalamic and ventral tegmental areas, the strength-duration curves obtained with a given cathode and a depth anode were compared to curves obtained with the same cathode but with an anode consisting of a set of skull screws. It was expected that the concentrated current entering from the depth anode would much more effectively block conduction in the medial forebrain bundle than the diffuse current entering from the large, distant skull screws. The predicted change in the shape of the strength-duration curves was observed only when the ventral tegmental electrode served as the anode and the lateral hypothalamic electrode as the cathode. This is consistent with the notion that in at least some of the neurons responsible for the rewarding effect, action potentials elicited by the lateral hypothalamic electrode had to pass through the ventral tegmental area in order to reach the efferent stages of the reward pathway. In the simplest anatomical arrangement consonant with this view, the somata of these cells lie in the forebrain and give rise to descending axons. As a test of the hypothesis that anodal block was responsible for changing the shape of the strength-duration curve obtained with the ventral tegmental anode, a psychophysical version of the collision test was used to determine whether the tips of the lateral hypothalamic and ventral tegmental electrodes were indeed linked by a common set of reward-related fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3486259 TI - In vivo comparison of the regulation of releasable dopamine in the caudate nucleus and the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain. AB - In vivo voltammetry has been used to measure the release of dopamine evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Simultaneous measurements have been made with voltammetric-sensing electrodes ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode in the nucleus accumbens and the caudate nucleus of the anesthetized rat. During the stimulation, the species observed in both regions is voltammetrically identical to dopamine. Further evidence for the identity of dopamine is provided by anatomical, physiological, pharmacological, and postmortem data. Postmortem analysis of these brain regions after a single stimulation demonstrates that dopamine levels are unchanged, while dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels are increased in both regions. Systemic application of synthesis inhibitors results in a decrease in evoked release for each brain region. Amfonelic acid results in a restoration of stimulated release after synthesis inhibition. Evoked release is affected differently by pargyline in the two brain regions. The evoked release of dopamine is significantly elevated in the nucleus accumbens as a result of pargyline administration, but similar effects are not seen in the caudate nucleus. Tissue levels of dopamine are increased in both brain regions by pargyline, but the increase is significantly greater in the accumbens. Electrolytic lesions of the striatonigral pathway or systemic administration of picrotoxin eliminates the pargyline-induced difference in evoked release of dopamine. Amphetamine causes a reduction in stimulated release in the caudate nucleus with little effect on that observed in the nucleus accumbens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486260 TI - Computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography in the study of brain trauma. Preliminary observations. AB - Results of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), xenon-133 measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), and neuropsychological assessments are described in three head-injured patients. The patients were selected because they presented with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed by CT. Two of the patients were studied acutely and again approximately 6 months later. In the acute stage, MRI was superior to CT in identifying the precise location and extent of intracranial hemorrhage and associated edema. Small subdural hematomas diagnosed on MRI were missed with CT scanning. The extent of apparent encephalomalacia in the chronic stages of injury was also better defined with MRI. Positron emission tomography showed disturbances of glucose metabolism that extended beyond the structural abnormalities demonstrated by MRI and CT; anterior temporal lobe dysfunction was particularly evident in all three patients. Regional CBF studies failed to detect a number of the abnormalities seen on MRI and CT, and even ignored the metabolic dysfunction evident on PET that should have been accompanied by changes in regional CBF. The neuropsychological studies localized frontal lesions, but did not reveal abnormalities attributable to the structural lesions and the reduced metabolism in the anterior temporal lobes. PMID- 3486261 TI - [Vestibulo-ocular reflex and gaze stabilizing function]. PMID- 3486262 TI - [Cellular immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases]. PMID- 3486263 TI - The gross pathology and histological features of tumours produced by inoculation of human cell lines into immune-deprived mice. AB - Tumours were raised in both congenitally athymic ('nude') Swiss mice and in neonatally thymectomized, Ara-C-protected, whole-body irradiated CBA mice by subcutaneous inoculation of cells from a variety of cultured human lines. In both types of animal, tumours tended to grow massively at the site of inoculation, with some infiltration of adjacent tissues but only rarely with evidence of metastatic spread. Tumours derived from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) lines or from EB virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were all classified as high grade malignant lymphomas with a limited range of appearances on conventional histological examination. In the material studied there were no consistent features distinguishing BL-derived from LCL-derived tumours. Cell lines originating from other haematopoietic malignancies tended to produce tumours interpreted as immunoblastic lymphomas though there were distinctive characteristics in some cases, such as highly convoluted or pleomorphic nuclei in the cells of some tumours derived from T-cell leukaemia lines and plasmacytoid differentiation in tumours originating from myeloma lines. Malignant cell lines of epithelial origin gave rise to tumours with the histological appearances of anaplastic carcinomas readily distinguishable from the high grade lymphomas produced by haematopoietic cells. PMID- 3486264 TI - Human surfactant treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome: pulmonary effluent indicators of lung inflammation. AB - Pulmonary effluent from infants who received exogenous human surfactant for severe respiratory distress syndrome was evaluated for inflammatory changes previously identified with lung injury during the first 2 weeks after birth. The number of pulmonary effluent inflammatory cells was higher only on day 1 in infants given surfactant. No other evidence of enhanced inflammation was detected in cytologic assessment of tracheal secretions. The classical pathway of complement was not activated in infants given surfactant or in control infants 2 weeks after birth. Albumin content of airway secretions was higher on the first day but not significantly altered on subsequent days. Human surfactant treatment was not associated with increased proteolytic activity, measured as neutrophilic elastase per milligram of albumin in lung effluent, but was associated with significantly higher alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor levels than in control infants from days 2 to 7 after birth. These findings provide evidence that exogenous human surfactant instilled into the lungs of preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome is not associated with enhanced lung inflammation, compared with conventional mechanical ventilation alone. These data support additional clinical trials using human surfactant. PMID- 3486265 TI - Traumatic liver laceration in the newborn: repair with fibrin glue. AB - A traumatic liver laceration in a 1,500 g premature infant was successfully treated with temporary hemostatic packing and subsequent fibrin glue repair. Literature review indicates this case to be the smallest survivor. PMID- 3486266 TI - The technique of fibrin adhesion for premature rupture of the membranes during pregnancy. AB - The description of a new technique for fibrin adhesion (in 28 patients) for premature rupture of the membranes in pregnancy is reported. Unless cerclage has been carried out earlier, it is necessary to suture the cervical canal immediately after rupture of the membranes in order to be able to insert a fibrin clot. The author's modified cerclage technique (reverse McDonald procedure) is described. The advantages are minimal trauma to the lower uterine segment and a somewhat physiologic fixation of the synthetic suture material. For application of the fibrin sealant, the Duploject syringe clip is used, as it allows exact dosage and blending of the two sealant components in the course of their application to the site of sealing. The problem of evaluation of the results of the procedure is discussed. The technique carries no risk to mother or child. No cases of amniotic infection syndrome have been observed. Through prolongation of the pregnancy, time is gained for maturation of the fetal lungs. Accordingly, the authors recommend the technique for treating premature rupture of the membranes, although there is as yet no definite answer as to the optimal timing of this adhesion treatment during pregnancy. PMID- 3486267 TI - Topical folinic acid therapy in methotrexate-induced oral ulceration. AB - A case of severe oral ulceration, following administration of combination chemotherapy which included methotrexate, is reported. Topically applied folinic acid was effective in facilitating resolution of the oral lesions. PMID- 3486268 TI - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of the foot. PMID- 3486269 TI - Increase in polyneuronal innervation in frog muscle after muscle injury. AB - The proportion of polyneuronal innervation was evaluated electrophysiologically in curare-blocked frog cutaneous pectoris muscles after local injury to the muscle fibres on one side. Focal polyneuronal innervation was revealed by recording end-plate potentials evoked by a gradual increase in the stimulus intensity applied to the motor nerve. An increase in the proportion of focally polyneuronally innervated muscle fibres appeared in the injured muscle 3-5 days after injury. The difference between the values obtained 3-5 days and 7-9 days (31 and 38%, respectively) and the control value (18%) was highly significant. A similar increase in the proportion of pluri-innervated muscle fibres was observed in the contralateral muscle, but after a longer period. The different components of complex end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) usually had similar latencies and rise times in control and experimental muscles. This may indicate that the axons had similar conduction velocities and that synapses were located close to each other. A repeated muscle fibre section 24 h after the initial injury resulted in an enhanced polyneuronal innervation (52%) 7-9 days after the first section. The experiments were repeated on partially blocked muscles in order to detect small e.p.p.s with an amplitude similar to that of spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s). The proportion of polyneuronally innervated fibres estimated by this technique in control muscles approximated 40%. Polyneuronal innervation was also found to be significantly increased in cut muscles 7-9 days after muscle injury and a week later in contralateral muscles. Combined silver and cholinesterase staining was used to detect morphologically polyneuronal innervation. The comparison of morphological and electrophysiological data indicated that the increase in polyneuronal innervation after muscle injury is likely due to nerve sprouting and formation of new synapses. The results suggest that the signal for nerve sprouting originates from the damaged muscle cell and that it is transferred transneuronally to the contralateral side. PMID- 3486270 TI - Production of endolymph in the semicircular canal of the frog Rana esculenta. AB - The mechanisms of secretion of endolymph were studied in vitro in the isolated inner ear of the frog. Prior to in vitro experiments, the composition of perilymph was evaluated in vivo and compared to that of plasma. Composition of perilymph resembled that of an extracellular fluid, although Na and Cl concentrations were higher and K concentration was lower in perilymph than in plasma water. No difference in Ca and Mg concentrations was observed between these two fluids. Osmolality averaged 227 mosmol/kg H2O in perilymph and 183 mosmol/kg H2O in plasma. Endolymph in frog inner ear corresponded in chemical pattern to mammalian endolymph. K and Na concentrations in endolymph collected from the ampulla of the posterior vertical semicircular canal averaged 121.1 mM and 2.5 mM, respectively. Osmolality of endolymph was 237 mosmol/kg H2O. K and Na concentrations were unaltered when inner ears were incubated for 24 h either at 15 degrees C or at 4 degrees C. Addition of ouabain (10(-4) M) to the perilymph like bathing solution altered greatly Na and K composition of endolymph after incubation for 3 h at 15 degrees C. The Na and K concentration gradients between endolymph and the bath were abolished after incubation for 24 h. Ligatures of the posterior vertical semicircular canal were performed at different sites to isolate some parts of the canal, i.e. the ampulla and the non-ampullar duct. K concentration in the ampulla after incubation for 24 h remained as high as 20 times that in the bath. This K gradient was abolished in the presence of ouabain (10(-4) M). High K concentration could be maintained in the non-ampullar part of the semicircular canal only if the latter communicated with the ampulla. It is concluded that endolymph is actively secreted into the ampulla of the semicircular canal. Na+-K+-activated ATPase in the ampullar dark cells may energize the ouabain sensitive ionic transports that are involved in the production of endolymph. Endolymph secreted into the ampulla would spread intraluminally to account for the high K and low Na concentrations of the fluid which fills the non-secretory part of the semicircular canal. PMID- 3486271 TI - Spatial and temporal limits of vision in the achromat. AB - Threshold detection for sine-wave grating stimuli of varying spatial and temporal frequency was used to investigate the nature of spatial and temporal post receptoral sensitivity in the typical, complete achromat. Threshold spatial and temporal sensitivities under low photopic conditions show no evidence of cone function. The abrupt fall-off in sensitivity is consistent with known psychophysical and electrophysiological measures of rod saturation. Threshold spatial and temporal sensitivities under scotopic conditions are identical in form and absolute sensitivity to that of the normal scotopic system. Spatial and temporal acuity measurements substantiate the above conclusions based on contrast sensitivity. We conclude that the typical and complete achromat possesses only a normal functioning rod post-receptoral mechanism. PMID- 3486273 TI - Orientation and teaching guidelines: tools for nurse preceptors. PMID- 3486272 TI - Spatial and temporal properties of human rod vision in the achromat. AB - The spatial and temporal properties of rod vision were measured for stimuli at and above the detection threshold in an achromat whose spectral sensitivity, dark adaptation, spatial and temporal thresholds and Stiles-Crawford effect suggest the presence of only a normally functioning rod system. The properties of rod and cone vision were compared at illuminances where their respective sensitivities were optimum. The threshold spatial sensitivity of the rod mechanism under optimum illumination (180 scotopic trolands) exhibits bandpass properties with a peak sensitivity of around 80 at 0.5 cycles/deg and a spatial acuity of 6-7 cycles/deg. The threshold temporal sensitivity also exhibits bandpass properties under these conditions with a peak sensitivity of around 80 at 5 Hz and a temporal acuity of 30 Hz. For stimuli of low spatial frequency (less than 0.3 cycles/deg) and low temporal frequency, the threshold sensitivities of rod- and cone-mediated vision are identical. Rod- and cone-mediated vision display comparable spatial and temporal discrimination for targets of equal suprathreshold contrast over the low to mid spatial and temporal range that they share. Rod-mediated discriminations fall below those of cone vision above 1 cycle/deg for spatial judgements and above 15 Hz for temporal judgements. The number of discriminable steps in spatial frequency and temporal frequency at threshold is similar for rod and cone vision over the spatio-temporal frequency range that they share. Over this range rod- and cone-mediated vision can discriminate four steps in spatial frequency and one step in temporal frequency. These results suggest that rod vision shows comparable spatio-temporal discrimination performance to cone vision and that it is subserved by at least five spatial and two temporal labelled detectors. The response of the highest spatial frequency filter subserving rod vision extends from 0.5 to 6 cycles/deg. PMID- 3486274 TI - The pregnant patient: postanesthetic considerations. PMID- 3486275 TI - Transitions. PMID- 3486276 TI - Practical points in the postanesthetic assessment and care of the patient with increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 3486277 TI - Preoperative assessment of the ambulatory surgery patient. PMID- 3486278 TI - Ruptured cerebral aneurysm--case studies. PMID- 3486279 TI - Introduction to research: a basic guide to scientific inquiry. PMID- 3486280 TI - Chemical dependency in women. The link to OB/GYN problems. PMID- 3486281 TI - Control of binucleate cell migration in the placenta of sheep and goats. AB - In the ruminant placenta 15-20% of the trophectodermal epithelium consists of granulated binucleate cells (BNC). In the sheep the granules contain ovine placental lactogen (oPL). These cells migrate from the trophectoderm to form fetomaternal hybrid tissue from implantation to term. The number of BNC, their percentage migration and the potential secretory activity of the syncytium they form were estimated by semiquantitative transmission electron-microscopical techniques after several surgical techniques and hormone or drug infusions. BNC numbers decrease normally just before parturition, and this fall could be eliminated by fetal hypophysectomy or induced early by administration of tetracosactrin to intact or hypophysectomized fetuses. If only one twin was treated with tetracosactrin the placenta of the untreated twin did not show the fall in BNC numbers found in the other unless it died in utero some time before sampling. This indicates fetal control of BNC number and migration. However, fetal catheterization, hypophysectomy, stalk section, adrenalectomy, infusion of mouse epidermal growth factor or bromocriptine had little or no effect on binucleate cell numbers or migration percentages. Maternal carunclectomy, ovariectomy, or epostane or bromocriptine administration also had no consistent significant effect. Previous reports of degeneration of BNC structure plus a decrease in their number (with bromocriptine) or an increase in migration frequency (after adrenalectomy or stalk section) have not been confirmed by this study. The BNC migration delivers the oPL-containing BNC granules close to the maternal circulation but the variation in migration seems only loosely correlated with the reported maternal oPL concentrations. The results indicate that BNC migration is independent of the hormonal milieu, but that BNC production is greatly modified by the hormonal changes just before parturition, with cortisol production by the fetus a possible primary cause. PMID- 3486282 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulation in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated in 31 patients affected by essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, using OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies in a cytotoxic assay. The patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia had a normal number of OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells but significantly lower values of OKT8+ cells compared to healthy controls. When the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was considered, patients could be subdivided into 3 main subgroups: 6 patients had a low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio, 10 patients had a normal ratio, and 15 had a high ratio. This ratio did not correlate with age, sex, disease duration, low corticosteroid therapy or serological hallmarks of the disease. In contrast, purpura and liver involvement were more prevalent in patients with a normal or high OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio, while lung involvement was more prevalent in patients with a low ratio. PMID- 3486284 TI - Interleukin 1 stimulation of synovial cell plasminogen activator production. AB - Addition of human monocyte interleukin 1 (IL-1) to cultured human synovial cells can cause an increase in both cell associated (30-fold) and extracellular (40 fold) plasminogen activator (PA) activity. This increase was inhibited by antibody directed against IL-1 and phenylglyoxal. PA activity could be detected 3 h after the addition of IL-1, continued to increase for 24 h and was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. The molecular weight of the PA produced from the IL-1 stimulated synovial cells was 55,000 +/- 1,000. Mononuclear cell conditioned media (MCCM) also stimulated synovial cells to produce PA. This stimulation was partly inhibited by anti-IL-1 thus suggesting the presence of appreciable IL-1 activity in MCCM. These results could provide clues as to how immune events are linked to cartilage destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3486283 TI - Discordance between HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis: a family investigation. AB - Forty-one members in 4 generations of a family were evaluated clinically for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Thirty-five individuals were HLA typed. The propositus and 4 male siblings demonstrated AS. A sister had sacroiliitis. Three of the affected sibs shared the B27 containing haplotype, but the remaining 3 individuals lacked the B27 but shared the other maternal haplotype. Two other first degree relatives with B27 did not show evidence of either sacroiliitis or AS. Four members of the family had psoriasis, but did not all share a common haplotype. The lack of association of known HLA antigens with disease expression in this family suggests a role for a putative disease susceptibility gene for psoriasis in the development of B27 negative spondylitis and illustrates the difficulty with the diagnosis of B27 negative AS, since when the family was first studied, it presented as a family of "pure" AS and only after several years of followup did the first evidence of psoriasis appear. PMID- 3486285 TI - Giant cell arteritis in two brothers. AB - Giant cell arteritis developed in 2 brothers nearly simultaneously. They were positive for HLA-DR4 tissue antigen which has been associated with this disease. Both genetic and environmental factors may be important in the development of giant cell arteritis. PMID- 3486287 TI - Risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals. PMID- 3486286 TI - Discordance for ankylosing spondylitis in a B27 negative monozygotic twin. AB - A case in which only one sibling of an identical, HLA-B27 negative, twin pairing is affected by ankylosing spondylitis is reported. While endogenous variables may predispose certain populations to ankylosing spondylitis, the discordance illustrated in these seronegative monozygotic twins indicates that exogenous factors may certainly influence the development and course of this disease. PMID- 3486288 TI - Interleukin 2 production and responsiveness in active and inactive rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with active or inactive disease was compared with that of normal control donors. IL-2 production was assessed using a cellular interleukin assay in which an IL-2 dependent cell line was cocultured with varying numbers of irradiated IL-2 producing lymphocytes from the different donor sources. Cells from patients with active disease showed a significantly different pattern of IL-2 production from that of control or inactive RA patients in that a lower number of cells supported growth of the IL-2 dependent cell line. In one patient this shift in pattern was shown to correlate with change in disease activity. Lymphocyte responsiveness to IL-2 as determined by limiting dilution analysis did not differ significantly between the different groups. The results are consistent with a hyperproduction of IL-2 in RA during active disease. PMID- 3486289 TI - Complement C4 fixation by the anti-La(SSB) found in normal donors and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The discovery that a common systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) autoantibody (anti La/SSB) occurs in normal individuals has made it possible to compare the specific complement binding capacity of normal autoantibody with SLE patient autoantibody. Normal donors with elevated levels of anti-La(SSB) binding were compared to negative normal donors and to 3 patients with SLE with high levels of anti La(SSB) binding in assays for anti-La(SSB) and for the capacity of anti-La(SSB) to bind C4. The anti-La(SSB) found in normal sera and in SLE patient sera had no identical specific capacity to fix C4. For the case of anti-La(SSB), the autoantibody structure in relation to its specific capacity to activate complement, at least to the extent of fixing C4, does not differentiate SLE patients from normal individuals with this autoantibody. PMID- 3486290 TI - Fetal wastage in women with anti-Ro(SSA) antibody. AB - Retrospective obstetric histories were obtained in 50 anti-Ro(SSA) antibody positive women (aged 15-50 years) and 47 anti-nRNP antibody positive women of similar age range. Twenty (40%) anti-Ro(SSA) positive women and 33 (70%) anti nRNP positive women fulfilled the revised ARA criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thirty-four anti-Ro(SSA) positive women had a total of 84 pregnancies with a fetal loss of 28%; 29 anti-nRNP positive women had a total of 63 pregnancies with a fetal loss of 19%. Although the overall frequency of fetal wastage between the 2 groups was not significantly different, analysis of the subgroup of SLE patients demonstrated a significantly greater fetal wastage in black anti-Ro(SSA) positive women (15 of 21, 71%) compared with black anti-nRNP positive women (5 of 28, 18% p less than .001). No significant difference in fetal wastage was noted between either the white SLE or the non-SLE women in either antibody group. These data suggest that black SLE patients with anti Ro(SSA) antibody may be at increased risk of fetal wastage. PMID- 3486291 TI - Adverse reactions in ten years' general practice, computer analysed. AB - A total of 167 264 symptoms were recorded in numerical shorthand during a ten years period in a general practice. Computer analysis yielded 1535 adverse reactions with the drug prescribed. Especially prominent were reactions from three antibiotics (13% of all reported reactions), most of which were alimentary symptoms. Ampicillin also induced rashes reported at a rate of 5.2 per thousand prescriptions. Reactions to an oral contraceptive (Minovlar) were the most frequent to a single named drug, being 25.9% of prescriptions for that drug. A worldwide total of around one trillion symptoms seems likely before AD 2000. Computers could be used to detect the unpredictable side effects, as with practolol. Various 'costs' involved are noted, together with wider questions. PMID- 3486292 TI - Inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthase: substituent effects in the side-chain aromatic ring of 6-[[3-(aryloxy)propyl]amino]-5-nitrosoisocytosines and synthesis and inhibitory potency of bridged 5-nitrosoisocytosine-p-aminobenzoic acid analogues. AB - We previously reported that 6-(methylamino)-5-nitrosoisocytosine (5) is a potent inhibitor (I50 = 1.6 microM) of Escherichia coli dihydropteroate synthase. It was noted that 6-amino substituents larger than methyl were detrimental to binding, although the adverse steric effect could be overcome by a positive ancillary binding contribution of a phenyl ring attached at the terminus of certain 6 alkylamino substituents. We selected the 6-[[3-(aryloxy)propyl]amino]-5 nitrosoisocytosine structure as a parent system and explored the effects of aromatic substituents on synthase inhibition. The nature of the aryl substitution influences binding, as shown by a 30-fold range of inhibitory potencies observed for the 15 aryl analogues (I50 values = 0.6-18 microM), although there is no apparent correlation between synthase inhibition and the electronic or hydrophobic characteristics of the aryl substituents. To explore the possibility that the aryl ring of these inhibitors might interact with the synthase binding site for the substrate p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), three compounds were synthesized in which a PABA analogue is bridged to the nitrosoisocytosine moiety by linkage to an amino group at C-6 of the isocytosine. The bridged analogues significantly inhibited the synthase (I50 values = 2.5-8.9 microM) but were of unexceptional potency compared with other members of the (aryloxy)propyl series. Structure-activity considerations and inhibition kinetics did not support the PABA binding site as the synthase region that interacts with the aryl ring of these inhibitors. Despite the potent synthase inhibition exhibited by many of the nitrosoisocytosines studied, none of the 18 new analogues showed significant antibacterial activity. PMID- 3486293 TI - Cefoxitin sensitivity as a marker for inducible beta-lactamases. AB - Inducibility of beta-lactamase activity by cefoxitin was examined in 626 gram negative clinical isolates selected for amoxycillin and cephalothin resistance. The results indicated that precise identification and cefoxitin sensitivity or resistance could be used to predict the inducibility of beta-lactamase. Of 326 organisms from species capable of beta-lactamase induction, induction was shown in 68% and was predictable from the cefoxitin-sensitivity and identification data. No induction of beta-lactamase occurred in the remaining species. A comparison of beta-lactamase activities against cefotaxime, cefoperazone and latamoxef showed that induction of enzyme activity against cefotaxime and cefoperazone occurred at similar rates. Induction of activity against latamoxef did not occur or was minimal with three bacterial species. The data show that of 119 strains of Enterobacteriaceae displaying inducible beta-lactamase, 113 would have been reported as unequivocally sensitive to cefotaxime, 109 as sensitive to cefoperazone and 116 as sensitive to latamoxef if the disk-diffusion technique alone had been used. The majority of Pseudomonas strains examined produced inducible enzyme and they were more resistant to the three cephalosporins tested than were the Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 3486294 TI - Characterisation of Haemophilus spp. isolated from infant conjunctivitis. AB - Haemophilus strains isolated from children under the age of 11 months with conjunctivitis were characterised by biotype, sugar fermentation, plasmid pattern and outer-membrane-protein profiles. H. influenzae was the most common species identified and was separated into 14 groups based on sugar fermentation and biotype patterns and into more than 20 groups when plasmid and outer-membrane protein profiles were included. Small (mol. wt less than 10 X 10(6)) plasmids were identified in 11 of 34 (32%) H. influenzae isolates, 1 of 2 H. haemolyticus and 4 of 6 (67%) H. parainfluenzae isolates. Examination of sugar-fermentation and plasmid patterns increased the ability to distinguish between strains isolated at different times from recurrent disease and may have general applications in the study of Haemophilus strains isolated from a single anatomical site. PMID- 3486295 TI - Comparison of steady-state electrophysiological properties of isolated cells from bullfrog atrium and sinus venosus. AB - Single electrode whole cell voltage-clamp experiments and frequency domain analyses have been used to study and compare the K+ currents in enzymatically dispersed single cells from the atrium and the sinus venosus (pacemaker region) of the bullfrog heart. Admittance measurements made near the "resting' or zero current potential yield data from which the equivalent circuit of each cell type may be obtained. Data from both atrial and pacemaker cells are well-fitted by a model consisting only of parallel resistance-capacitative elements, as predicted from their micro-anatomy. Neither of these amphibian cardiac cells contain a transverse tubule system (TT) and both have very little sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). These results complement and extend two earlier investigations: (i) Moore, Schmid and Isenberg (J. Membrane Biol. 81:29-40, 1984) have reported that in guinea pig ventricle cells (which do contain an internal membrane system consisting of transverse tubules and a substantial SR) the SR may be electrically coupled to the sarcolemma; (ii) Shibata and Giles (Biophys. J. 45:136a, 1984) have shown that although bullfrog atrial cells have an inwardly rectifying background K+ current, IK1, pacemaker cells from the immediately adjacent sinus venosus do not. Data from admittance measurements also provide evidence that a TTX-insensitive inward Ca2+ current is activated in the pacemaker range of potentials. PMID- 3486298 TI - The effect of coronary bypass on the outcome of peripheral vascular operations in 1093 patients. AB - One of the greatest risks in peripheral vascular operations is the presence of significant coronary artery disease. To assess the proper timing and demonstrate a possible protective effect of coronary artery bypass (CAB), 1093 patients who underwent one or more peripheral vascular operations in addition to CAB from 1976 through 1984 were analyzed. During that same period, 24,441 patients underwent CAB procedures, and 8530 patients underwent major vascular operations. Carotid endarterectomy (493 patients), abdominal aneurysm resection (130 patients), renal artery bypass (12 patients), aortofemoral bypass (77 patients), femoral-popliteal tibial bypass (190 patients), and combined vascular procedures (191 patients) were included. The patients were divided into three groups according to severity of disease, which determined timing of the procedure. Group I (255 patients) underwent simultaneous CAB and peripheral vascular operation because of unstable coronary artery disease and severe vascular disease. The early mortality rate for group I was 4% (10 patients). Seven of the 10 deaths were cardiac. In group II, 279 patients had CAB and peripheral vascular operation during the same hospital admission with the same operative mortality rate (4%, 10 patients). Six deaths were from cardiac causes, three from neurologic causes, and one from hemorrhage. In group III, 559 patients underwent CAB first, then peripheral vascular operation during a separate hospital admission. There were no cardiac-related deaths and only one neurologic-related death (operative mortality rate, 0.2%). These data demonstrate the protective effect of CAB in patients who undergo elective vascular surgery. The increased risk in patients undergoing simultaneous or same admission procedures was related to the severity of the vascular and coronary artery disease and not to the combined operations. Operative complications were not increased by performing simultaneous or same admission procedures. PMID- 3486299 TI - How a farmhand paid for his cabbage: the Peter/Paul principle. PMID- 3486297 TI - Bacteriophage P1 cre gene and its regulatory region. Evidence for multiple promoters and for regulation by DNA methylation. AB - The bacteriophage P1 site-specific recombination system consists of two components, a site, loxP, at which recombination occurs, and a recombinase protein, Cre. In this paper, we present the DNA sequence of the cre structural gene and its upstream regulatory region. Analysis of the sequence indicates: (1) that cre encodes a protein of 343 amino acids; (2) that cre and loxP are separated by a 434 base-pair region that contains a 73 amino acid open reading frame, orf1; and (3) that cre and orf1 are oriented with their amino-terminal ends proximal to loxP. We have identified three promoters that are located upstream of the cre structural gene. Their activities range from 7 to 10% of the activity of the galactose operon promoter. The promoter furthest from cre, pR1, contains two Dam methylation sites (5'-G-A-T-C-3') in its -35 region, and is sensitive to Dam methylation. Its transcription is three- to fourfold higher in a dam- host than it is in a dam+ host. The promoter closest to cre, pR3, signals the production of an RNA transcript that functions inefficiently for Cre protein synthesis because it lacks a ribosome recognition site. None of the three cre promoters is sensitive to proteins expressed by the P1 prophage, including the c1 repressor protein. To assess the role of cre in the P1 life-cycle, we isolated cre mutants and studied their behavior in recA+ and recA- hosts. Those studies indicate that Cre is dispensable for viral vegetative growth and lysogeny in a recA+ host, but is required for both processes in a recA- host. The cre requirement for lysogeny suggests that the protein is essential for the cyclization of newly injected terminally redundant virion DNA. The requirement for vegetative growth suggests that Cre also has a role to play in the viral lytic cycle after the viral DNA has been cyclized. PMID- 3486296 TI - Basolateral membrane potential and conductance in frog skin exposed to high serosal potassium. AB - In studies of apical membrane current-voltage relationships, in order to avoid laborious intracellular microelectrode techniques, tight epithelia are commonly exposed to high serosal K concentrations. This approach depends on the assumptions that high serosal K reduces the basolateral membrane resistance and potential to insignificantly low levels, so that transepithelial values can be attributed to the apical membrane. We have here examined the validity of these assumptions in frog skins (Rana pipiens pipiens). The skins were equilibrated in NaCl Ringer's solutions, with transepithelial voltage Vt clamped (except for brief perturbations delta Vt) at zero. The skins were impaled from the outer surface with 1.5 M KCl-filled microelectrodes (Rel greater than 30 M omega). The transepithelial (short-circuit) current It and conductance gt = -delta It/delta Vt, the outer membrane voltage Vo (apical reference) and voltage-divider ratio (Fo = delta Vo/delta Vt), and the microelectrode resistance Rel were recorded continuously. Intermittent brief apical exposure to 20 microM amiloride permitted estimation of cellular (c) and paracellular (p) currents and conductances. The basolateral (inner) membrane conductance was estimated by two independent means: either from values of gt and Fo before and after amiloride or as the ratio of changes (-delta Ic/delta Vi) induced by amiloride. On serosal substitution of Na by K, within about 10 min, Ic declined and gt increased markedly, mainly as a consequence of increase in gp. The basolateral membrane voltage Vi (= -Vo) was depolarized from 75 +/- 4 to 2 +/- 1 mV [mean +/- SEM (n = 6)], and was partially repolarized following amiloride to 5 +/- 2 mV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486300 TI - The Mikamo lecture. Probing the heart's biochemistry with positron emission tomography. PMID- 3486301 TI - Difference in prognosis between T- and B-cell lymphomas: clinical study at Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. AB - In order to determine whether the surface marker phenotypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas affect the prognosis, we have studied the differences in response rate and duration of survival between T- and B-cell lymphomas. Sixty-four patients who underwent first-line therapy, including combination chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, from February 1979 to August 1985 were evaluated. With the aid of standard immunological methods and monoclonal antibodies related to T-cells and B cells, 21 T-cell lymphomas and 21 B-cell lymphomas were identified. In the other 22 cases phenotypes were not determined mainly because of the inability to obtain fresh samples. The complete remission rate was 100% for B-cell lymphomas and 52.3% for T-cell lymphomas. The median survival time for patients with lymphomas of Stage III and IV, excluding those with low-grade histology, was nine months for T-cell lymphomas and 17 months for B-cell lymphomas. T-cell lymphomas were found to have significantly poorer prognosis than B-cell lymphomas. One patient with B-cell lymphoma and six patients in an undetermined phenotype group, who were treated with combination chemotherapy, have been alive more than three years without relapse and these patients are considered potentially cured. Our results suggest that the surface marker phenotype study of lymphoma cells as well as histological subtyping is important in prognosis and that more effective therapy is needed to improve the prognosis of T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3486302 TI - Colony-stimulating factor producing carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - A patient with an anaplastic carcinoma of the gallbladder accompanied by marked neutrophilia was found to have high colony-stimulating factor (CSF) activity in the urine and serum. The supernatant of the cultured tumor cells (6th passage) showed high and specific CSF activity. These specimens induced the formation of granulocyte colonies, macrophage colonies or granulocyte-macrophage mixed colonies by both human and C57BL mouse bone marrow cells in soft agar. These results suggest that this tumor is a human granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF producing tumor. PMID- 3486303 TI - [An assay for CFU-C using CSF-CHUGAI as a new source of colony stimulating factor -comparison with various methods]. PMID- 3486304 TI - [Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in cerebrovascular disease detected by N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) with SPECT]. PMID- 3486305 TI - [Uniformity correction of SPECT image using artifact distribution function obtained from a cylindrical phantom]. PMID- 3486306 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of coronary artery disease by 201Tl myocardial emission computed tomography--evaluation by circumferential profile analysis of regional distribution and washout rate]. PMID- 3486307 TI - [Brain scintigraphy with N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine--(1). Imaging technique and clinical experience]. PMID- 3486308 TI - [Error analysis in the 15O labelled gas inhalation method--evaluation of steadiness of arterial blood gas and radioactivity during "steady state" of radioactive gas inhalation]. PMID- 3486309 TI - [Results of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with poor left ventricular function]. PMID- 3486310 TI - [Effects of intra-aortic balloon pumping on graft flow and its flow pattern after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3486311 TI - [Indication and limitation of IABP in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3486312 TI - Adriamycin-induced nephropathy as a model of chronic progressive glomerular disease. AB - Serial changes in urine protein, blood chemistry, and histology of the kidney were investigated in rats for 28 weeks after injections of adriamycin (ADR). Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia were observed at week 4 and throughout the experiment. Both BUN and serum creatinine began to increase at week 16 and reached the uremic level at week 28. Light microscopic study of the kidney demonstrated a normal appearance at week 4, vacuole formation in glomerular tuft at weeks 8 and 12, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis at weeks 16 and 20, and extensive glomerular sclerosis with tubulointerstitial degenerations at weeks 24 and 28. Immunohistologically, IgM with a small amount of IgG and C3 appeared in the sclerosing glomeruli from week 16. Aggregated human IgG, injected intravenously at week 24, had accumulated mainly in the glomeruli. Electron microscopy revealed degenerative changes of glomerular epithelial cells with small vacuoles in the cytoplasm at week 4. Size of vacuoles increased at the later stage. In conclusion, ADR produced chronic, progressive glomerular changes in rats, which led to terminal renal failure. The segmental glomerular sclerosis and IgM-dominant glomerular deposition in these animals are similar to pathological characteristics of focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis seen clinically. PMID- 3486314 TI - Evidence for IgA-specific B cell hyperactivity in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - Spontaneous in vitro IgA synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with IgA nephropathy was elevated; 419 +/- 71 ng/10(6) cells (Mean +/ SEM) compared with controls; 217 +/- 35 (P less than 0.02). Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated IgA synthesis was also elevated in patients; 4326 +/- 1140 ng/10(6) cells (Mean +/- SEM) versus 1458 +/- 406 (P less than 0.02) but the PWM stimulation index for patients did not differ significantly from that of the controls. Concanavalin A (Con A) suppression of PWM stimulated IgA synthesis resulted in the generation of similar quantities of IgA by PBMC from both patients and controls but the percentage suppression was significantly elevated in patients; 87 +/- 5 (Mean +/- SEM) versus 58 +/- 10 (P less than 0.05). Synthesis of IgG and IgM followed the same pattern as that described for IgA. T and B cells from patients and controls were cultured alone and in various co culture permutations. Enriched B cells of patients demonstrated a selectively increased capacity for IgA production; 266 +/- 106 ng/5 X 10(5) cells (Mean +/- SEM) compared with controls; 42 +/- 9 (P less than 0.01) and this parameter correlated significantly with serum IgA concentrations (R = 0.77, P less than 0.05). Overall analysis of co-culture data showed no significant difference between the influences of autologous, control or patient T cells on immunoglobulin synthesis by normal B cells. Autolymphocytotoxic antibodies were not detected and, compared with controls, patient sera had no differential effect on numbers of IgA producing cells generated in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486313 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate releases Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial store site in permeabilized rat cortical kidney cells. AB - We have recently shown that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) releases Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum of pancreatic acinar cells and suggested that IP3 may function as a second messenger of hormonal receptors to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores (Streb et al, 1983, Streb et al, 1984). In rat kidney cortical tubules and microdissected mouse proximal tubules, an increased turnover of polyphosphoinositide metabolism following hormonal stimulation with angiotensin II-amide and phenylephrine has been reported (Wirthensohn et al, 1984; Wirthensohn et al, 1985). This suggests that IP3, one of their hydrolysis products, increases during hormonal stimulation. We therefore investigated the effect of angiotensin II-amide and IP3 on intracellular Ca2 stores in saponin treated cells and homogenate from rat kidney cortex. Saponin-treated isolated cortical kidney cells or homogenate was incubated in a high K+ buffer in the presence of MgATP and respiratory substrates. Ca2+ uptake was determined by measuring the free Ca2+ concentration of the surrounding medium with a Ca2+ specific macroelectrode. Addition of cells or homogenate to the incubation medium resulted in a decrease of the medium free Ca2+ concentration until a steady-state concentration of 5.7 +/- 0.2 X 10(-7) mole/l was obtained. In the presence of mitochondrial inhibitors Ca2+ uptake rate was reduced, whereas the steady-state concentration was unchanged. In contrast, in the presence of the CA2+-ATPase inhibitor vanadate mitochondrial uptake proceeded at the same rate as the control, but the steady-state concentration was higher (6.9 +/- 0.2 X 10(-7) mole/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486315 TI - [Accessory pancreas as the cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3486316 TI - [Effect of direct blood transfusion on the immunological status of patients with gastroduodenal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3486317 TI - [Occupational work capacity and functional status of an operator during repeated exposure to optokinetic and antiorthostatic forces]. AB - It has been shown that optokinetic stimulation that elicits sensory-autonomic manifestations of motion sickness and head-down tilt that simulates fluid redistribution in the cranial direction decrease professional abilities of the operator even after he has developed good skills. Repeated exposures to optokinetic stimulation or head-down tilt have some training effect. However, control tests that include both optokinetic stimulation and head-down tilt give evidence that their training effect is not adequate. PMID- 3486319 TI - Spontaneous wasting disease in nude mice associated with Pneumocystis carinii infection. AB - Several cases of wasting disease and dyspnea occurred in outbred Crl: CDI(ICR) nu/nu mice obtained recently from a commercial supplier. Gross necropsy revealed pulmonary consolidation, and histologically there was alveolar-wall thickening and filling of alveoli with macrophages and honey-combed eosinophilic material. Electron microscopic examination of lung tissue confirmed infection with Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 3486318 TI - Retroperitoneal fibromatosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in macaques: clinical and immunologic studies. AB - A simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) associated with retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) has been observed in several species of macaque at the Washington Regional Primate Research Center. Clinical signs were recurrent diarrhea, weight loss, mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and opportunistic infections. Most affected macaques in the later stages of illness showed marked immunodeficiency. Response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogens was impaired significantly. There was sharply depressed primary and secondary antibody response to the T-cell dependent antigen, bacteriophage phi X174. Affected monkeys did not switch from IgM to IgG antibody following a secondary immunization, as did normal macaques. Twenty-four (67%) of 36 affected animals with progressive RF or deteriorated stages of illness had hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Quantitative serum immunoglobulins of 23 cases showed that eight (35%) had hypogammaglobulinemia, six (26%) had hypergammaglobulinemia, and the remainder (39%) were within the normal range. Opportunistic infections were predominantly bacterial pathogens. Type D retrovirus appeared to be closely associated with RF-affected macaques (12/12 or 100%). The case fatality rate (including animals sacrificed after prolonged illness) was 98%. The leading cause of death was due directly to RF lesions in 43%, to enterocolitis in 36%, septicemia in 12%, amyloidosis in 5%, and malignant lymphoma (2%). Clinical, immunologic and pathologic changes reveal an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that has many similarities to human AIDS. SAIDS and RF may be a useful model for studying human AIDS. PMID- 3486320 TI - Interleukin 2 enhances wound healing in rats. AB - Antigen-stimulated lymphocytes secrete lymphokines which have been shown to enhance in vitro fibroblast migration, proliferation, and protein synthesis. In the present experiments, the effect of human recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) on wound healing was assessed in vivo. Groups of male Lewis rats, 225-250 g, underwent intraperitoneal insertion of osmotic pumps and a 7-cm dorsal skin incision with subcutaneous placement of polyvinyl alcohol sponges under anesthesia. The dorsal wounds were closed with stainless-steel sutures. The dose of RIL-2 administered was 60,000 u/rat/day for 7 days in experiment I, and 140,000 u/rat/day for 7 days in experiment II. Controls received equal volumes of excipient. Animals were sacrificed 10 days post wounding and wound healing was assessed by fresh breaking strength, fixed breaking strength (following 72 hr of Formalin fixation which maximally crosslinks the collagen present), and sponge hydroxyproline content (an index of reparative collagen accumulation). In vivo RIL-2 administration significantly augmented wound fresh and fixed breaking strength and wound collagen synthesis. Higher doses of RIL-2 (experiment II) did not result in further increases in the parameters studied. The data suggest that lymphocytes participate directly in the process of wound healing. PMID- 3486321 TI - Autocrine and paracrine growth regulation of human breast cancer. AB - Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that human breast cancer (BC) cells in culture can be stimulated by physiologic concentrations of estrogen. In an effort to further understand this process, we have examined the biochemical and biological properties of proteins secreted by human BC cells in vitro. We have developed a defined medium system which simultaneously allows the collection of factors secreted by the BC cells, facilitates their purification and allows for an unequivocal assay of their effect on other BC cells. By both biochemical and radioimmunoassay procedures, MCF-7 cells secrete large quantities of IGF-I like activity. The cells contain receptors for IGF-I and are stimulated by physiologic concentrations of IGF-I. Multiple additional peaks of growth stimulatory activity can be obtained by partial purification of conditioned media from human BC cells by sequential dialysis, acid extraction and Biogel P60 chromatography. These peaks are induced up to 200-fold by physiologic concentrations of estrogen. Several of these peaks cross-react in a radioreceptor assay with EGF and are thus candidates for transforming growth factors. Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) have been prepared which react with secreted proteins from the MCF-7 cells. One of these MCAs binds to material from MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 hormone-dependent BC cells only when these two lines are treated with estrogen but reacts with conditioned medium from several other hormone-independent cell lines in the absence of estrogen stimulation. This MCA is currently undergoing further characterization and evaluation of its biological potency. We conclude that with estrogen stimulation, hormone-dependent human BC cells secrete peptides which when partially purified can replace estrogen as a mitogen. Their role as autocrine or paracrine growth factors and their effects on surrounding nonneoplastic stroma may suggest a means of interfering with tumor proliferation. PMID- 3486322 TI - Binding of glucocorticoid antagonists to androgen and glucocorticoid hormone receptors in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The binding of ten steroids possessing antiglucocorticoid activity has been studied in rat skeletal muscle cytosol. The affinity of these steroids for both the androgen and the glucocorticoid receptors was determined by competition with radioactive R1881 (methyltrienolone, metribolone) and dexamethasone, respectively. The antiglucocorticoid activity of these compounds was assessed in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells by measuring their inhibitory effect on the glucocorticoid-induced tyrosine aminotransferase activity. This led to identification of five novel in vitro glucocorticoid antagonists. All the steroids tested bound to both the glucocorticoid and the androgen receptors in muscle. Four steroids had an affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor higher than for the androgen receptor. The assumption is made that the steroids tested also behave as antagonists when binding to the glucocorticoid receptor in muscle and behave as agonists when binding to the androgen receptor. On this basis, the data allow one to compute a potential anticatabolic (PAG) and a potential anabolic (PAA) index for each compound. These indices might be of predictive value to determine whether these steroids exert their anabolic action in muscle through the glucocorticoid receptor or through the androgen receptor. The data also make it unlikely that satellite cells are a preferential target for anabolic steroids in muscle. PMID- 3486324 TI - Relationship between in vivo and in vitro 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activity in ovaries of immature hypophysectomized rats treated chronically with human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The production of 3H2O from 17 alpha-3H-progesterone and 14CH3COOH from [21 14C]progesterone were used to measure the 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities respectively in the microsomal + mitochondrial fraction of homogenates of ovaries from immature hypophysectomized rats chronically treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The highly stimulated thecal and interstitial tissues were considered the only source of enzyme. hCG produced an increase in 17 hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione, but a drastic decrease in enzyme activity within 6 h; this could be largely prevented by pretreatment of the rats with cycloheximide or aminoglutethimide but actinomycin D was ineffective. After a nadir at 24 h, enzyme activities increased to more than double those of the starting level; this could be prevented by cycloheximide. Maximal activity levels were greatly decreased by cycloheximide and modestly increased by aminoglutethimide. Cessation of treatment at 60 h followed by a single injection of hCG 24 h later did not cause a loss, but delays of 36 or more hours produced a dramatic decrease in enzyme activity, which could be prevented by aminoglutethimide. The results indicate that the level of activity of these enzymes attained in the ovary following exposure to hCG is determined by a balance between the amount of substrate provided and production of enzyme and/or stimulating factors. Therefore, maintenance of increased enzyme activity induced by gonadotropin appears to be under genomic control. PMID- 3486323 TI - Radioimmunoassay of urinary 21-deoxytetrahydroaldosterone in primary aldosteronism and 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - A radioimmunoassay of 21-deoxytetrahydroaldosterone was developed. Normal daily excretion of the unconjugated metabolite was 1.2 +/- 1.3 micrograms and of the glucuronized metabolite, 11.9 +/- 7 micrograms. The tetrahydroaldosterone/21 deoxytetrahydroaldosterone ratio varied more in patients with primary aldosteronism than in control subjects. Thus, measurements of the urinary excretion of the tetrahydroaldosterone or 21-deoxytetrahydroaldosterone alone did not provide an accurate expression for aldosterone production. Their sum correlated well with the clinical condition, i.e. clear-cut elevation in patients with primary aldosteronism. The diminished tetrahydroaldosterone/21 deoxytetrahydroaldosterone ratio found in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency may be attributed to increased bacterial conversion of tetrahydroaldosterone to 21-deoxytetrahydroaldosterone but could also stem from a deficiency implicating zona glomerulosa (aldosterone biosynthesis) regardless of the stage and clinical presentation of the disease. PMID- 3486325 TI - Formation of 5 alpha-products as major C19-steroids in estrogen-responsive mouse Leydig cell tumor lines. AB - Homogenates of estrogen-responsive mouse Leydig cell tumors (T 124958-R and T 22137) or 28- and 120-day-old mouse testes were incubated with [3H]progesterone or [14C]4-androstene-3,17-dione in the presence of NADPH, and progesterone metabolism and enzyme activities were estimated. The growth of T 124958-R tumor transplanted in BALB/c mice was markedly stimulated by estrogenization of host mice, but the growth of T 22137 tumor was evidently suppressed by the estrogenization. The major C21-17-OH-steroids and C19-steroids formed from progesterone by both tumors and the testes of immature mice were 5 alpha steroids, such as 3 alpha,17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5 alpha-androstane 3,17-dione, androsterone, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one and 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. In contrast, the major steroids formed by the testes of adult mice were testosterone and 4-androstene-3,17-dione, and no or little 5 alpha-steroids were produced. 5 alpha-Reductase activities in both tumor cells (40-50 nmol/l X 10(8) cells per h) were also found to be approx. 5-6 times higher than that in Leydig cells of adult mouse testes (8 nmol/l X 10(8) Leydig cells per h), though 17-hydroxylase activity was much higher in the Leydig cells of adult testes (730 nmol/l X 10(8) Leydig cells per h) than in both tumor cells (1-7 nmol/l X 10(8) cells per h). Furthermore, the presence of significant amounts of endogenous androsterone and/or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol was demonstrated in both tumors by radioimmunoassay. The present results demonstrate for the first time that C19-5 alpha-steroids are major C19-steroid products (immature type of testicular androgen production) in Leydig cell tumor lines. PMID- 3486326 TI - Sequential coronary bypass grafts. Long-term follow-up. AB - Sequential venous coronary bypass grafts have presented problems, mainly because of commonly reported differences between patency of side-to-side and end-to-side vein-coronary anastomoses. Better to define this, we have studied sequential anastomosis grafts done during a 13 year period. We concentrated specifically on 212 "double" grafts with 100% selective angiographic follow-up early, 90% at 1 year, and 44% at 5 years after operation. Four hundred twenty-four control single grafts were studied similarly. We found that patency rates of side-to-side anastomoses were much better than those of end-to-side anastomoses, whether of sequential or control single grafts. Considering specifically diagonal coronary artery-anterior descending coronary artery sequential grafts, the combined patency of all sequential anastomoses theoretically exceeds that of a comparable number of single grafts at all times of study, but the differences are small. Furthermore, there is definite danger of preserving proximal and perhaps limited bypass runoff at the cost of losing distal and perhaps more important myocardial perfusion. On balance, we believe that single vein grafts are to be preferred over sequential grafts unless shortage of conduit material or local aortic wall conditions dictate otherwise. PMID- 3486327 TI - Coronary bypass graft fate. Angiographic study of 1,179 vein grafts early, one year, and five years after operation. AB - A total of 1,179 vein grafts were studied angiographically in 353 (45%) unselected survivors (male, mean age 45.5 years) of 786 coronary bypass operations. Studies were conducted early (0.96 months), 1 year (12.8 months), and 5 years (59.7 months) postoperatively. A previously described technique was used to grade the patency of the grafts, and a new technique was used to assess intimal irregularity, presumably caused by atherosclerosis; this new technique indicated both intimal surface distribution of disease and profile (relief or elevation). Ten percent, 17%, and 26% of grafts were occluded early, at 1 year, and at 5 years, respectively. Distal anastomotic defects were the commonest cause for low grades in the patency classification. Irregularities in patent grafts increased from 9% at 1 year to 42% at 5 years, with 11% of all the 1 year lesions and 20% of all the 5 year lesions having a high profile (more than 50% graft stenosis); of the lesions categorized as showing the widest surface spread, 17% were in high relief at 1 year and 34% at 5 years. Thus, the lesions we believed to be atherosclerotic proliferated in both surface spread and elevation. All severely diseased grafts at the 1 year study had been normal in outline early; 79% at the 5 year study had been disease free at 1 year. All newly occluded grafts at the 1 year study had been normal in outline and 82% had had good patency early; 78% of newly occluded grafts at the 5 year study had been disease free at 1 year and 77% had had good patency. Normal appearance of the intima in grafts studied at 1 year had no prognostic value for 5 year findings. However, 62% of all grafts with the appearance of intimal disease at 1 year showed deterioration by 5 years, and 28% were occluded. The differences between these outcomes are highly significant (p less than 0.0005). In conclusion, the appearance of intimal irregularity compatible with atherosclerosis in a coronary bypass graft 1 year after operation carried a poor prognosis for adverse angiographic change at 5 years. On the other hand, normally appearing intima at 1 year had no predictive valve for the 5 year study despite a generally better prognosis for nondiseased grafts. PMID- 3486328 TI - Normal epidermis contains high amounts of natural tissue IL 1 biochemical analysis by HPLC identifies a MW approximately 17 Kd form with a P1 5.7 and a MW approximately 30 Kd form. AB - Recently, we demonstrated that normal human epidermis contains IL1. The present work analyses further the significance of this observation by comparing the quantities of epidermal IL1 to those of 7 internal organs in normal rat. Epidermal PGE2 stimulating activity was 200 to 900 fold higher than in the internal organs. Similar results were obtained for the collagenase stimulatory activity and the comitogenic effect on thymocytes. Epidermal IL1 activity in membrane preparations was more than 100 times lower than the activity of the cytosol containing supernatant from the epidermal homogenate. Biochemical analysis by HPLC identified a MW approximately 17 Kd form with a pI 5.7 and a MW approximately 30 Kd form. These results 1) confirm the presence of high amounts of preformed IL1 in normal unstimulated epidermis, 2) show that, compared to 7 internal organs, the epidermis contains the highest activity, 3) suggest that epidermal IL1 is mainly situated in the cytosol, 4) identify a MW approximately 17 Kd form with a pI 5.7, as well as a MW approximately 30 Kd form which might represent an IL1 precursor, 5) demonstrate the copurification of PGE2 and collagenase stimulatory and thymocyte comitogenic activity and 6) give a starting reference for the in vivo study of IL1 activity in pathologic situations. PMID- 3486329 TI - Serological characterization of acidic (pI 5.5) and neutral (pI 7.1) forms of 17kD and 35kD interleukin-1. AB - Human interleukin-1 (IL-1) was partially purified into the acidic and neutral 17,000 dalton forms and the acidic and neutral 35,000 dalton forms. Heterologous antiserum raised against purified human IL-1 (neutral, 17,000 daltons) neutralized only the neutral 35,000 dalton and 17,000 dalton isoelectric forms. Conversely, an antiserum raised against purified porcine acidic IL-1 (21,000 daltons) neutralized only the acidic 35,000 and 17,000 dalton forms. These results confirm earlier findings that the acidic and neutral species of IL-1 are not derived from the same gene. In addition, the results suggest that each isoelectric form of the 17,000 dalton IL-1 is probably derived directly from the corresponding 35,000 dalton IL-1. PMID- 3486330 TI - Purification and partial characterization of human intracellular B cell growth factor. AB - In the present report a protocol for the purification of an intracellular protein, exhibiting BCGF activity has been described. This protein is obtained from lectin stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and has been previously shown to be present only in the cytosolic extract of normal human T lymphocytes. The isoelectric point (pI) of the purified protein is 6.3, as determined by both sucrose gradient isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing. The molecular weight of the chromatofocused protein, determined by SDS-PAGE, is 60 kD. Thirty-three percent of the BCGF activity contained in the initial crude extract is recovered as a homogenously purified protein, with an estimated specific activity of 10(5) U/mg. PMID- 3486331 TI - Fish lymphocytes respond to human IL-1. AB - IL-1 is known to cross species barriers in that IL-1 of one mammalian species can interact with cells of other mammalian species. The work described herein demonstrates that IL-1 can cross phylogenetic classes as IL-1 derived from human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) potentiated the proliferative response of catfish lymphocytes to the T cell mitogen Concanavalin A (ConA). Catfish PBL were separated by density gradient centrifugation and used in blastogenic transformation assays. IL-1 had relatively little direct stimulatory effect but with suboptimal amounts of ConA there was a significant augmentation of the proliferative response. The specificity of the response was determined by neutralization experiments in which anti-human IL-1 antibody significantly diminished the reaction of catfish lymphocytes to IL-1. PMID- 3486333 TI - [Mechanisms of lymphocyte activation in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3486332 TI - Cogan's syndrome: 18 cases and a review of the literature. AB - In this article, we review 78 cases of Cogan's syndrome--18 from our institution and 60 from the English medical literature--and describe the clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and pathologic findings associated with this disorder. Patients with Cogan's syndrome should be examined by an ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, and internist because, in addition to the eye and audiovestibular involvement, systemic manifestations are common. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis are common but nonspecific laboratory abnormalities. Serious outcomes include deafness and, less frequently, vasculitis, aortic insufficiency, blindness, and death. Glucocorticoids seem to be effective therapy for active Cogan's syndrome. Aortic valve replacement and vascular bypass grafting are indicated in selected cases. The roles of cytotoxic-immunosuppressive agents and cochlear implantation remain to be clarified. PMID- 3486334 TI - Biological response modifiers: regulators of the cellular immune system and adjuvants in antitumor therapy. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies of five biological response modifiers (BRMs) show diverse regulator functions on effector cell responses and a capacity to cause the secretion of specific soluble factors. Of the five BRMs tested, MVE-2, Poly ICLC, OK-432, and alpha beta IFN were capable of stimulating both natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage (M phi) tumoricidal activity, whereas BM 41-332 augmented only NK cells. Following one treatment with the aforementioned BRMs, M phi activity remained elevated for a longer period (10-14 days) than did NK cell activity (6-9 days). Of particular interest, multiple treatment with BRMs led to a downregulation of NK cell activity (hyporesponsiveness). Three soluble secretory products were induced by these BRMs (colony stimulating factor, CSF; prostaglandin E, PGE; and interferon, IFN). Treatment with MVE-2 and Poly ICLC led to a significant increase in bone marrow cellularity and GM-CFV-C. Results of studies with the cyclo-oxygense-inhibited indomethacin indicate that CSF and PGE are produced and/or secreted by different cellular mechanisms. The depression of effector cells (NK, bone marrow, and GM-CFU-C), as the result of cyto-reductive treatment with cyclophosphamide, could be reversed by treatment with MVE-2. A significantly earlier time to recovery of these effector cells was achieved following MVE-treatment. When MVE-2 was used as an adjuvant to initial tumor cyto reductive chemotherapy, more successful antitumor response was achieved, indicating that MVE-2 functioned to elevate a substantial effector cell response as well as reconstituting bone marrow cellularity. PMID- 3486335 TI - Regeneration of the eight cranial nerve. I. Anatomic verification in the bullfrog. AB - The regenerative capacity of the eight cranial nerve of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was investigated. The nerve was sectioned between the ganglion and the brain stem in 16 experimental animals. Horseradish peroxidase was extracellularly injected distal to the site of the nerve section five or more weeks postoperatively. Labeled fibers were identified histologically and their central nervous system projections studied. The findings were as follows: 1. The eight cranial nerve of the bullfrog regenerated after preganglionic axotomy. 2. Fibers of all sizes regenerated. The regenerated fibers in the nerve were disorderly at the site of nerve section. Most fibers entered the brain stem and formed a vestibuloauditory tract, although some "escaped" and coursed along the brain stem. 3. The regenerated vestibuloauditory tract was situated more laterally than normal, with thick and thin fibers intermixed. 4. Regenerated tertiary fibers were long and tortuous and had unusual trajectories. 5. All vestibuloauditory nuclei received thick and thin afferent fibers. PMID- 3486336 TI - Two emerging perilymph fistula "syndromes" in children. AB - This paper proposes two relatively common "syndromes" seen in children with perilymph fistulas using illustrative case reports. One, a 2 1/2-year-old child with bilaterally symmetric progressive sensorineural hearing loss, was found to have bilateral oval and round window fistulas. The other was a child who presented originally with an unexplained unilateral sensorineural loss. It was only when hearing deteriorated in the opposite ear several years later that a perilymph fistula was suspected and confirmed by tympanotomy. The clinical presentations and other details of these cases diverge widely, but may represent two emerging syndromes of perilymph fistulas in children: 1. a congenital or hereditary predisposition, and the other, 2. sudden hearing loss in the "good" ear of children with an unexplained sensorineural hearing loss in the opposite ear. PMID- 3486337 TI - Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis in adults. A report of four cases and a review of the literature. AB - The clinical and diagnostic features of 29 adult patients with H. influenzae septic arthritis are reviewed. Twelve men and 17 women ranging in age from 22 to 82 years developed the infection. H. influenzae septic arthritis is an acute, febrile disease with a mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis of 4 days. Fifteen patients had monoarticular arthritis, 6 with an infected knee. Polyarticular involvement, with a range of 2 to 9 joints, was diagnosed in 14 patients. Nineteen patients had concurrent extraarticular sites of infection, including meningitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and cellulitis. Twenty-two of 29 patients had predisposing factors for infection, including ethanolism, trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, splenectomy, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, gout, and acquired common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. Characteristic synovial fluid findings included purulent, greenish fluid, elevated WBC count, and gram-negative pleomorphic microorganisms. Treatment for these patients included antibiotic therapy, most often ampicillin and chloramphenicol, and joint drainage by repeated arthrocentesis or arthrotomy. A favorable outcome was reported in 25 of 29 patients. Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis should be suspected in adults who are immunocompromised and have a concurrent extraarticular source of infection. PMID- 3486338 TI - Stimulatory effect of interleukin-1 upon hepatic metabolism. AB - The liver plays an important role in the acute-phase response to sepsis and injury, and host survival often depends upon an adequate hepatic response. Many of the metabolic sequelae to sepsis and injury are mediated by interleukin-1. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of interleukin-1 upon hepatic metabolism and whether this mediator acted directly upon the liver. Interleukin-1 (5 rabbit pyrogen dose units) was administered to male Fisher F344 rats (175 to 200 g), and hepatocytes were isolated at three time periods; 2 to 4, 6 to 10, and 12 to 14 hours following an intraperitoneal injection. Alanine transport, gluconeogenesis, nonsecretory protein synthesis, and oxygen consumption were measured simultaneously in freshly isolated hepatocytes. Interleukin-1 stimulated initial rates of alanine uptake over a four-minute period. Peak stimulation of gluconeogenesis occurred at six to ten hours (0.52 +/- .14 v 0.08 +/- .01 nmol alanine converted/10(6) cells/min, P less than 0.05); nonsecretory protein synthesis was significantly stimulated at 12 to 14 hours (2.1 +/- .7 v 0.7 +/- 0.1 nmol valine converted/10(6) cells/min, P less than 0.05). These enhanced metabolic processes were associated with an increased oxygen consumption, with peak oxygen utilization occurring at six to ten hours (69 +/- 2 v 25 +/- 7 nmol of oxygen consumed 10(6) cells/min, P less than 0.05). In order to examine if interleukin-1 exerted its effect directly upon the liver, hepatocytes from normal rats were incubated in vitro with this mediator for two hours. Under these experimental conditions, interleukin-1 did not reproduce the stimulatory effect obtained following in vivo administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486339 TI - Quantitative analysis of retinal and 3-dehydroretinal by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 3486340 TI - [Bioluminescent method of assessing the toxicity of colored substances in waste waters from celluose sulfate manufacture]. AB - The aim of this work was to study the applicability of a bioluminescent technique for assaying the toxicity of solutions containing lignin sulfate and coloured compounds isolated from the sewage of the sulfate-cellulose industry after biological purification. Solutions of the studied compounds (pH 7.0) quenched the bioluminescence of the luminescent bacterium Beneckea harveyi in proportion to their colour index and their content of phenol hydroxyls. This biotest based on quenching the luminescence of bacteria under the action of a toxic agent is rapid and highly reproducible. Therefore, it can be used for assaying the toxicity of sulfate-cellulose industry sewage containing hardly oxidizible coloured compounds. The toxic action of sewage can be predicted basing in the found dependence between the colour index of solutions containing coloured compounds and the intensity of bacterial bioluminescence. PMID- 3486341 TI - Variation of the count-dependent Metz filter with imaging system modulation transfer function. AB - A systematic investigation was conducted of how a number of parameters which alter the system modulation transfer function (MTF) influence the count-dependent Metz filter. Since restoration filters are most effective at those frequencies where the object power spectrum dominates that of the noise, it was observed that parameters which significantly degrade the MTF at low spatial frequencies strongly influence the formation of the Metz filter. Thus the radionuclide imaged and the depth of the source in a scattering medium had the most influence. This is because they alter the relative amount of scattered radiation being imaged. For low-energy photon emitters, the collimator employed and the distance from the collimator were found to have less of an influence but still to be significant. These cause alterations in the MTF which are more gradual, and hence are most pronounced at mid to high spatial frequencies. As long as adequate spatial sampling is employed, the Metz filter was determined to be independent of the exact size of the sampling bin width, to a first approximation. For planar and single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging, it is shown that two dimensional filtering with the Metz filter optimized for the imaging conditions is able to deconvolve scatter and other causes of spatial resolution loss while diminishing noise, all in a balanced manner. PMID- 3486342 TI - Suppression of B cell differentiation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. AB - Acute exposure of adult mice to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) results in a selective suppression of proliferating cells of the immune system, including hematopoietic stem cells and B cells. Suppression of B cell-mediated or humoral immunity, in turn, results in altered host resistance to the parasite Plasmodium yoelii, a malaria model. Data presented in this study demonstrate a direct effect of TCDD on cultured lymphoctes resulting in a selective inhibition of the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells. A structure activity study suggested that this inhibition was mediated by the Ah receptor. As previously defined by receptor binding studies in hepatic cytosol, active congeners were inhibitory, whereas inactive congeners were without effect. Using lymphocytes from congenic mice which differ only at the Ah locus, it was determined that the Ahbb-derived cells were inhibited by TCDD in vitro, whereas the Ahdd-derived cells were not. B cell differentiation thus provides a valuable model for understanding TCDD toxicity as well as the role of the Ah receptor in growth and differentiation. PMID- 3486344 TI - A new look at acute cholecystitis. PMID- 3486343 TI - Translocation of murine interleukin 2 into microsomes during translation in a cell-free system. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a lymphokine which stimulates the growth of T lymphocytes. Although IL2 mRNA is translated into biologically active IL2 relatively efficiently in microinjected Xenopus laevis oocytes, it has been difficult to establish reproducible cell-free translation systems for this lymphokine. Such systems would be useful for the analysis of translational and post-translational events. In this paper, we show that a wheat germ extract will translate IL2 mRNA into biologically active murine IL2, most of which is translocated into dog pancreas microsomes when these are present. Translocation occurs only during translation, but wheat germ extracts translate IL2 mRNA whether microsomes are present or not. Surprisingly, reticulocyte lysates do not readily translate IL2 mRNA, and strongly inhibit its translation in wheat germ extracts. This inhibition can be partially alleviated by adding dog pancreas microsomes to the system. The inhibition seen with reticulocyte lysate may be attributable to the action of the signal recognition particle, which binds nascent secretory proteins, and blocks their further translation in the absence of the docking protein present in microsomes. PMID- 3486345 TI - The function of the autonomic nervous system and nonautonomic components in juvenile patients with borderline hypertension. PMID- 3486347 TI - Status epilepticus following electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 3486346 TI - A qualitative analysis of the frequency response characteristics of a hydraulic esophageal manometry system. PMID- 3486348 TI - Rupture of a periumbilical vein causing hemoperitoneum in a cirrhotic patient. PMID- 3486349 TI - Metastatic choriocarcinoma masquerading as septic pulmonary embolization. PMID- 3486350 TI - Concurrent and noncontiguous squamous and transitional cell carcinomas of a bladder. PMID- 3486351 TI - Ureteral herniation: case report and literature review. PMID- 3486352 TI - Blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels among papier-mache workers in Kashmir. PMID- 3486353 TI - Characterization and treatment of dependence on tobacco cigarettes. PMID- 3486354 TI - Posterior mediastinal masses in two siblings with hemoglobin E-beta thalassemia. PMID- 3486355 TI - Mediastinal hematoma in an intravenous drug abuser. PMID- 3486356 TI - Care of the pregnant woman with tuberculosis and her newborn infant: a pediatrician's perspective. PMID- 3486357 TI - Outpatient versus inpatient cone biopsy of the cervix. PMID- 3486358 TI - Update on hypnotics for insomnia in clinical practice: I. Hypnotics. PMID- 3486360 TI - Orthotopic, segmental small-bowel transplantation in the rat. PMID- 3486359 TI - Identification and treatment of alcoholics who use opiates. PMID- 3486361 TI - Large-bowel dilatation due to nonincarcerated hernias. PMID- 3486362 TI - Gene therapy: creating mosaic pattern of drug susceptibility. PMID- 3486363 TI - Nifedipine and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Heart disease in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis may be due in part to myocardial ischemia caused by a disturbance of the coronary microcirculation. To determine whether abnormalities of myocardial perfusion in this disorder are potentially reversible, we evaluated the effect of the coronary vasodilator nifedipine on myocardial perfusion assessed by thallium-201 scanning in 20 patients. Thallium-201 single-photon-emission computerized tomography was performed under control conditions and 90 minutes after 20 mg of oral nifedipine. The mean (+/- SD) number of left ventricular segments with perfusion defects decreased from 5.3 +/- 2.0 to 3.3 +/- 2.2 after nifedipine (P = 0.0003). Perfusion abnormalities were quantified by a perfusion score (0 to 2.0) assigned to each left ventricular segment and by a global perfusion score (0 to 18) for the entire left ventricle. The mean perfusion score in segments with resting defects increased from 0.97 +/- 0.24 to 1.26 +/- 0.44 after nifedipine (P less than 0.00001). The mean global perfusion score increased from 11.2 +/- 1.7 to 12.8 +/- 2.4 after nifedipine (P = 0.003). The global perfusion score increased by at least 2.0 in 10 patients and decreased by at least 2.0 in only 1. These observations reveal short-term improvement in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion with nifedipine in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The results are consistent with a potentially reversible abnormality of coronary vasomotion in this disorder, but the long-term therapeutic effects of nifedipine remain to be determined. PMID- 3486365 TI - Methotrexate therapy and nitrous oxide anesthesia. PMID- 3486364 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 22-1986. A 55-year-old woman with a progressive neurological disorder. PMID- 3486366 TI - Phenotypic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3486368 TI - Minor but not major histocompatibility antigens of thymus epithelium tolerize precursors of cytolytic T cells. AB - Treatment of fetal thymuses with 2-deoxyguanosine depletes these organs of many haematopoietic cells, and if such thymuses are transplanted into allogeneic athymic nude mice, intrathymic development of cytolytic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) occurs, including those which are specific for class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens expressed by the thymus epithelium. Thus, T cells from BALB/c (H-2d) nude mice transplanted with allogeneic C57BL/6 (H-2b) thymic epithelium can be stimulated in vitro to produce CTL specific for H 2b class I MHC antigens. We report here that thymocytes and lymph node T cells from such mice are responsive in mixed leukocyte reaction in the absence of exogenous growth factors, indicating that lack of tolerance is manifest at the level of CTL-P and proliferating T cells. We also show that T cells from such mice are tolerant to minor histocompatibility antigens of the thymus donor in the context of MHC antigens of the recipient. The results indicate that haematopoietic rather than epithelial cells tolerize CTL-P and that donor-type minor but not major histocompatability antigens can be presented in tolerogenic form by haematopoietic cells expressing recipient-type MHC antigens. PMID- 3486367 TI - Colony-stimulating activity in cultures of human spleen and bone marrow cells. PMID- 3486369 TI - Interleukin terminology in disarray. PMID- 3486371 TI - Serum ferritin in haemodialysis patients: is there a relationship to 'haemochromatosis alleles' HLA A3, B7, B14? AB - Serum ferritin levels were measured in 57 patients on maintenance haemodialysis to determine if patients who possessed 1 or more of the histocompatibility antigens associated with idiopathic haemochromatosis (HLA A3, B7 or B14) were at increased risk of iron overload. There was no significant difference in the mean serum ferritin levels between those patients with HLA A3, B7 or B14 (357.9 +/- 522.6 ng/1; n = 19) and those without these antigens (393.7 + 556.2 ng/1; n = 38). Iron overload in haemodialysis patients is not a histocompatibility-linked disorder. PMID- 3486372 TI - [Lumbosacral fibrosis (spinal epiduro-arachnoiditis) and its treatment by spinal cord electrostimulation]. PMID- 3486370 TI - Molecular genetics: understanding colour vision. PMID- 3486374 TI - [Primary choroid plexus papilloma presenting as a cerebellopontine angle mass lesion]. AB - A rare case of primary choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine angle, which might have been originated from the lateral choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and proliferated into the extraventricular space, is reported. The patient had no neurological abnormalities except for recurrent episodes of headache. Although radiological examinations did not offer a definitive diagnosis, he was successfully treated by operation without any neurological deficit. So far reported in the literature, the number of such cases is less than twenty, and the prognosis has been reported not so good despite benign biological nature. The size of the tumor and preoperative symptoms appear to determine the prognosis. It should be emphasized that an early diagnosis and early surgical treatment are extremely important for this kind of lesions. PMID- 3486375 TI - Pituitary transplantation: cyclosporine enables transplantation across a minor histocompatibility barrier. AB - Pituitary glands from neonatal donors were transplanted to the median eminence of hypophysectomized adult rats. Rats with transplants were then treated for 2 weeks with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine. For 5 weeks thereafter, blood was drawn at regular intervals for determination of serum thyroxine, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone. Cyclosporine-treated recipients of grafts with minor histocompatibility differences had normal levels of thyroxine and prolactin, whereas untreated animals did not. In addition, the treated animals responded to oophorectomy with a marked elevation in serum luteinizing hormone. This evidence indicates that cyclosporine enables successful transplantation across a minor histocompatibility barrier. It also suggests that these grafts interact with the hypothalamus. Transplantation across a major histocompatibility barrier was unsuccessful even in the presence of cyclosporine. PMID- 3486373 TI - The role of phospholipases from inflammatory macrophages in demyelination. AB - Activated macrophages harvested from rat peritoneum were shown to contain phospholipase A1, A2 and lysophospholipase activities which were defined on a series of radiolabelled phospholipid substrates. During in vitro culture of these elicited macrophage populations, phospholipase enzymes were secreted into the culture medium. Radiolabelled myelin, prepared from young rats after intracerebral injection of 14C acetate, was used as a substrate to analyze the susceptibility of central nervous system (CNS) myelin to attack by cell associated and secreted macrophage enzymes. Homogenates of peritoneal macrophages degraded the myelin lipids at acid pH; phosphatidyl choline (PC) and ethanolamine phosphatide (EP) were both degraded with liberation of free fatty acid and small amounts of lysolipids. The ethanolamine lipids were most vulnerable; up to 20% of this fraction was degraded in six hours. Selected batches of macrophage culture supernatant similarly degraded the myelin EP at acid pH. These results suggest that phospholipase enzymes, released from activated macrophages in close proximity to the myelin sheath, may participate in primary demyelination in inflammatory CNS lesions. PMID- 3486376 TI - Complications after subclavian-cortical middle cerebral artery bypass. AB - Subclavian-cortical middle cerebral artery bypass by saphenous vein interposition is an uncommon recent revascularization technique used for immediate volume flow to the brain or when donor arteries are unavailable or inadequate. We used this technique in four cases of symptomatic common carotid artery occlusion. In the last two cases, severe, reversible neurological complications occurred. We think that these complications are due to this particular technique, and more cautious indications than for traditional extra-intracranial arterial bypass are recommended. PMID- 3486378 TI - Positron emission tomography in neuropsychology. AB - By positron emission tomography (PET) of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRGl) can be measured in man. Normal values in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia range from 35 to 50 mumol/100 g/min, the values in gray matter structures of the posterior fossa were 25-30 mumol/100 g/min, the lowest LCMRGl was found in the white matter (15-20 mumol/100 g/min). During sensory stimulation by various modalities functional activation increases LCMRGl in the respective special areas, while sleep decreases metabolic rate in all cortical and basal gray matter structures. In many neurological disorders CMRGl is altered in a disease-specific pattern. In dementia of the Alzheimer type CMRGl is impaired even in early stages with accentuation in the parieto-temporal cortex, while in multi-infarct dementia glucose uptake is mainly reduced in the multifocal small infarcts. In Huntington's chorea the most conspicuous changes are found in the caudate nucleus and putamen. In cases of focal lesions (e.g. ischemic infarcts) metabolic disturbances extend far beyond the site of the primary lesion and inactivation of metabolism is found in intact brain structures far away from the anatomical lesion. Additional applications of PET include determination of the metabolism of various substrates, of protein synthesis, of function and distribution of receptors, of tumor growth and of the distribution of drugs as well as the measurement of oxygen consumption, blood flow and blood volume. PMID- 3486377 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in neuropsychology. AB - Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) provide information about the metabolic and functional level of the cortex. Different techniques for measurement of rCBF are described and their potentials and limitations are outlined. Typical results from measurements in normals during performance of mental tasks are shown and as well as clinical measurements in patients with organic dementia. Future improvements of the techniques regarding spatial as well as temporal resolution are outlined. It is concluded that measurements of rCBF are likely to be of great value in the future exploration of brain-behaviour relationships. PMID- 3486379 TI - Myasthenia gravis: stimulation of antireceptor autoantibodies by autoreactive T cell lines. AB - We studied autoreactive acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-specific T cell lines from two patients with myasthenia gravis. Anti-AChR autoantibody production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from the donors of the T cell lines was measured with an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, using purified human AChR as antigen. Freshly isolated PBM produced barely detectable amounts of anti-AChR autoantibodies. If, however, autologous AChR-specific T cells were added to the cultures, the production of anti-AChR autoantibodies, and of total IgM and IgG, was markedly stimulated, depending on the number of T line cells and on the amount of AChR present in the cultures. AChR-specific functional helper T lymphocytes may have a role in the immunoregulation of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3486380 TI - PET studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in idiopathic torticollis. AB - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was studied in 16 patients with idiopathic torticollis, using positron emission tomography. Analysis of subcortical regions revealed no consistent focal abnormality of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, but there was a bilateral breakdown of the normal relationships between the thalamus and basal ganglia. The findings suggest disruption of the pallidothalamic projections in this focal dystonia and may imply a disturbance of GABA. PMID- 3486381 TI - Antioxidants fail to inhibit depletion of striatal dopamine by MPTP. PMID- 3486382 TI - MPTP localization in the rat interpeduncular nucleus. PMID- 3486383 TI - Immunologic responses of progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with an anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody, anti-T12. AB - Twelve patients with progressive MS were treated with a murine IgM pan-T-cell monoclonal antibody reactive against T12, a determinant present on most post thymic T-cells. Circulating T12+ cells could not be detected from days 1 to 7, although T3+T11+T12- cells appeared by day 3. Human anti-mouse antibodies were detected in 78% of patients by day 7 and correlated with a decrease in anti-T12 MAb blood levels and the reappearance of T12+ cells in the blood. Although there were high levels of anti-T12 MAb in the serum, there were only barely detectable levels in the CSF and no decrease in the proportion of T12+ cells in the CSF with treatment. Immunologic studies demonstrated a decrease of in vitro pokeweed mitogen-driven Ig synthesis on day 3 with an increase on day 10 that consisted in part of human anti-mouse antibodies. Eleven of 12 patients completed therapy. Prednisone was administered with the treatment after mild allergic reactions occurred in the first two patients. Because this was an open phase one study and patients were treated with prednisone, the effect of treatment on the progression of disease is difficult to assess, and no definitive conclusions concerning clinical effects can be made. PMID- 3486385 TI - [Perineal functional rehabilitation in female urinary stress incontinence]. AB - Since January 1985 13 female patients with urinary incontinence induced by pure stress have been subjected to perineal functional rehabilitation at the S. Giovanni Battista Hospital Functional Rehabilitation Service and Turin Health Service Unit 23 in collaboration with the hospital's Urology Division. The results are encouraging and suggest that this treatment may be a valid alternative to surgery. PMID- 3486384 TI - [The use of glypressin in hemorrhage caused by the rupture of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3486386 TI - [Treatment of gastric hemorrhages caused by neoplasms]. PMID- 3486389 TI - The velocity function of ipsilateral visual units in the frog optic tectum: comparison with retinal ganglion cells. AB - Ipsilateral retino-tecto-isthmo-tectal units in frogs were commonly classified in two groups (I1 and I2) according to their functional properties. Quantitative measurements of their discharge in response to automatically moved targets are described below for the first time. Results show that the velocity function of these units can be expressed by a power function respectively similar to that described earlier (see ref. 6) for R2 and R3 retinal ganglion cells. The existence of mixed 'sustained' units is also discussed. PMID- 3486387 TI - [Jejunal leiomyosarcoma as a rare cause of digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3486388 TI - The dopamine neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces histological lesions in the hypothalamus of the common marmoset. AB - The administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to marmosets resulted in parkinsonism and degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Examination of the hypothalamus showed neuronophagic-like rosettes of glial cells and diffuse increase in glial numbers in areas of the dopaminergic A11-A14 groups. These findings suggest that MPTP may be toxic to dopamine neurons of the hypothalamus as well as to the substantia nigra. PMID- 3486390 TI - Secular trends in anencephalus prevalence in New Zealand. AB - Although the aetiology of anencephalus is unknown, changes in prevalence over time are thought to provide strong evidence of the effect of environmental factors in causation. In a number of countries the rate of this neural tube defect is declining. The rate in New Zealand has also fallen significantly (p less than 0.001) from 1.17/1000 total births in 1968 to 0.39/1000 in 1983, with the greatest decrease occurring in the female rate (approximately 4.16% per year). The aetiological implications of these findings and their consequences for programmes of prenatal diagnostic testing and maternal screening are discussed. PMID- 3486391 TI - Commensal or pathogen?--The growing dilemma facing the general practitioner. PMID- 3486392 TI - Sex differences in the practice patterns of recently trained obstetrician gynecologists. AB - Sex differences in practice patterns, as modified by family roles, are investigated in a national survey of 1420 active obstetrician-gynecologists who graduated from medical school between 1974 and 1979. Women are more likely than men to be practicing in multispecialty groups, and men are more likely than women to be practicing in obstetrics-gynecology partnerships. On average, men and women report working over 60 hours per week. In all practice arrangements except academic medicine, women work fewer total hours per week, although the differences are small and translate into significantly fewer patient encounters than men in only two practice arrangements: partnerships and multispecialty groups. When marital status and presence of children under age 18 are controlled, significant sex differences in hours worked remain only for married respondents with children. Family roles have an opposite effect on hours of work reported by men and women, decreasing the number of hours worked by women and increasing the number worked by men. PMID- 3486393 TI - [Functional differentiation of thymocytes induced by macrophages: cellular, humoral and genetic aspects]. AB - The cellular, humoral and genetical mechanisms of induction of T-effectors of the graft vs. host reaction (GHR) were studied in a double-cell culture of phagocytizing mononuclears with thymocytes. Experiments were carried out on mice of inbred and recombinant strains. The GHR intensity was estimated by the increase in the number of cells in the popliteal lymph node, regional with reference to the introduction of parental thymocytes into the F1 hybrid. For the induction of the GHR T-effectors from the immature population of thymocytes to be realized, a direct physical contact and identity by the H-2K locus of the major histocompatibility complex between the cooperating cells in culture are indispensable. An antiserum containing antibodies against the H-2K locus products prevents the induction. At the same time antibodies against antigens controlled by loci of I-region or the H-2D locus do not affect the accumulation of T effectors. Contact interaction of phagocytizing mononuclears with thymocytes results in accumulation of a 65,000 D humoral factor in the culture medium. Incubation of the intact thymocytes with this factor ensures functional transformation of immature thymocytes to corresponding effector cells. For the humoral induction of T-effectors to be successfully realized, identity by the T 2K locus between the factor producents and intact thymocytes is indispensable, as well as in the conditions of direct intercellular interaction. It is suggested that H-2K specificity is incorporated into the factor structure. PMID- 3486394 TI - Schnyder's dystrophy. Progression and metabolism. AB - In the first long-term cohort study of Schnyder's corneal dystrophy the authors examined affected and unaffected members of two unrelated families in 1975 and 1976 respectively, and again in 1984. They identified carriers, catalogued changes in the diffuse and crystalline corneal opacities which characterize this dystrophy and analysed the patient's lipid metabolism. Corneal opacities never regressed. Progression was more frequent in diffuse than in crystalline opacities. Both crystalline and diffuse opacities reappeared and progressed following penetrating keratoplasty. Mean cholesterol levels in the carrier group were above normal and six had a moderate type IIa dyslipoproteinemia; conversely, two carriers had low apo B. The degree of corneal opacification showed no relationship to dyslipoproteinemia. Schnyder's corneal dystrophy appears to involve the corneal lipid metabolism only and not to be a systemic disease. PMID- 3486395 TI - Visual impairment following radial keratotomy. A cluster of cases. AB - Thirteen patients who underwent radial keratotomy developed complications leading to visual impairment. Three eyes were legally blind. Two groups of complications were seen: those common to surgical procedures involving the eye--optic atrophy, infections, cataract and retinal detachment, and those unique to radial keratotomy--complete failure of the procedure, marked undercorrection, marked overcorrection, and induced astigmatism. Symptoms due to anisometropia were prominent in the latter group who considered themselves visually disabled by the surgery. Radial keratotomy, like all surgical procedures, is liable to complications that may lead to visual impairment, blindness, or loss of an eye. PMID- 3486396 TI - The clinical diagnosis of Reiter's syndrome. Ophthalmic and nonophthalmic aspects. AB - The histories of 113 patients with Reiter's syndrome were reviewed to obtain information regarding the sequence of the clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and progression of disease. Rheumatologic manifestations occurred in 98% of the patients, genitourinary manifestations in 74%, ophthalmic manifestations in 58%, and mucocutaneous manifestations in 42%. Four major criteria and six categories of minor criteria for the diagnosis of Reiter's syndrome, based on the frequency and specificity of the various manifestations of the disease, are proposed. The ophthalmic and nonophthalmic features are important to appreciate because the ophthalmologist is frequently at the pivotal point in suggesting or supporting the diagnosis. PMID- 3486397 TI - Pseudophakic endophthalmitis. Diagnosis and management. AB - Eighty-three cases of endophthalmitis occurring in eyes with intraocular lenses are presented. A problem with the cataract section was felt to contribute to development of the endophthalmitis in 22% of patients. Seventy-five percent of eyes were culture positive with a microbiologic spectrum similar to other reported series without lens implants. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common organism accounting for 38% of the isolates. Therapeutic vitrectomy was performed in 46 cases (55%), generally in those eyes with the most severe inflammation. Intraocular lenses were removed in 23 cases (28%), usually to facilitate vitrectomy. Only 1 of 57 eyes with bacterial endophthalmitis could not be sterilized while the intraocular lens was retained. Visual acuity of 20/400 or better was achieved in 63% of culture positive cases, in 78% of eyes infected with S. epidermidis, and in 94% of culture negative eyes. PMID- 3486398 TI - Passive and active deflections of ampullary kinocilia correlated with changes in transepithelial voltage. AB - Deflections of individual ampullary kinocilia were optically recorded in the undissected vestibular system of young eels. At mechanical stimulation, transepithelial receptor potentials and nerve activity were recorded. Saturating responses occurred at ciliary deflections of +6 degrees and -3 degrees. Kinocilia occasionally oscillate spontaneously in a snaking or pointer-like mode as the preparation deteriorates. In nearly all kinocilia of fresh preparations exogenous transepithelial voltage change induces active pointer-like deflection in a graded and tonic manner. A voltage change of a given sign induces a deflection that counteracts mechanical stimuli producing a voltage change of the same sign. PMID- 3486399 TI - The vestibular stereovillus membrane: an illustration of the 'greater membrane' concept. AB - Sensory epithelia from the vestibular organs of fish, mostly Rutilus rutilus, were investigated by electron microscopy. Conventional thin sectioning combined with labeling and extraction procedures and the use of isolated stereovilli led to the conclusion that the stereovillar membrane together with the membrane skeleton and extracellular material should be considered as a morphological unity. The stereovilli are connected by extracellular material. Similar connections also occur in other vertebrates, suggesting that these connectors are of functional importance to mechanoreception in hair bundles. PMID- 3486400 TI - [Complex clinical, immunological and virological studies of AIDS risk groups in 1983 and 1984]. PMID- 3486401 TI - Thyroxine increases submandibular gland nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor concentrations precociously in neonatal mice: evidence for thyroid hormone mediated growth factor synthesis. AB - Thyroxine (T4) administration to adult female mice significantly increases submandibular gland (SMG) nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations and does so in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Postnatal maturation of the SMG can be markedly accelerated by T4 treatment. We, therefore, performed a series of experiments to examine the effect of T4 on SMG NGF and EGF content and concentration as a function of postnatal age in neonatal mice. In experiment 1, male and female neonatal Swiss-Webster mice received daily subcutaneous injections of T4 (0.4 micrograms/g body weight) for 6, 13, or 20 days and were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection. Vehicle injected mice served as controls. SMG NGF and EGF content and concentration were measured by specific double antibody radioimmunoassay systems. Pools were made using either female or male SMGs. Since no significant differences were noted for NGF or EGF content using sex of the animal as the determining variable, the values were combined. At 7 days of age, mean SMG NGF and EGF content and concentration of control mice significantly exceeded those of T4-treated animals (p less than 0.05). At 14 days of age, mean SMG NGF and EGF content in T4-treated mice significantly exceeded those in control mice by 39- and 22-fold, respectively (p less than 0.001). At 21 days of age, these increases were 4100- and 2400-fold, respectively. In order to determine more precisely the time of onset of responsivity of the SMG to thyroid hormones, a second series of experiments was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486402 TI - Red man syndrome: inadvertent administration of an excessive dose of rifampin to children in a day-care center. AB - A cluster of toxic reactions among children inadvertently given excessive doses of rifampin for chemoprophylaxis of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in a day-care center was investigated. In all 19 children, who received five times the therapeutic dose of rifampin, dramatic adverse reactions developed. A striking, "glowing" red discoloration of the skin and facial or periorbital edema were found to be the hallmarks of rifampin toxicity. These clinical signs of acute toxicity contrast sharply with the adverse side effects of rifampin reported with therapeutic doses. PMID- 3486403 TI - [Cerebral perfusion studies with N-isopropyl-p-(125I) iodo-amphetamine and SPECT in cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3486404 TI - [Pathogenesis of negative washout rate in stress thallium emission computed tomography of coronary artery disease--correlation with cine coronary angiographic findings]. PMID- 3486407 TI - PABA: friend or foe? PMID- 3486406 TI - Spouses' physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum. AB - This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the type and frequency of physical and psychological symptoms experienced by pregnant and postpartal women and their spouses. The sample of 70 married couples included 23 pairs in an early pregnancy group, 24 in a late pregnancy group, and 23 in a postpartum group. Both spouses completed a symptoms checklist of 20 physical and 3 psychological symptoms and the Beck Depression Inventory. Findings indicate that both spouses experienced some physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum, although the women reported many more symptoms than did the men. Women in the late pregnancy group reported the highest number of physical symptoms; those in the postpartum group, the lowest number. No differences, however, in reports of psychological symptoms were found among the three groups of women. No significant differences in reports of either physical or psychological symptoms were found among the three groups of men. PMID- 3486405 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for human interleukin 1 alpha. AB - The chromosomal gene for human interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) was isolated from a human genomic DNA library by using as a probe cloned human IL-1 alpha cDNA. Complete nucleotide sequence of about 12 kilobase pairs (kbp) long was determined and the structure and organization of this gene were elucidated. This gene contains seven exons and six introns. The first exon encodes the 5'-untranslated region. Most of the prepeptide portion of the precursor polypeptide is encoded by the next three exons, and the mature form of IL-1 alpha is encoded by the remaining three exons. The last exon also encodes the intronless 3'-untranslated region. The fourth intron as well as both 5'- and 3'-flanking regions contains the sequence of an Alu family member. In the middle part of the last intron, a 46 bp sequence with a unique structure is repeated five times in a head to tail manner. These repeats are flanked by the regions containing alternative purine and pyrimidine tracts. In the 5'-flanking region, immediately upstream of the putative TATA box, the 16-bp sequence highly homologous to the binding site of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter transcription factor is identified. The nucleotide sequence reported here showed only one nucleotide substitution in the 3'-untranslated exon in comparison with the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA from HL-60, a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, previously cloned and sequenced in our laboratories. PMID- 3486409 TI - [Methods of increasing the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis measures for children]. PMID- 3486408 TI - Distribution of alpha-amylase activity in selected broiler tissues. AB - In an examination of broiler alpha-amylase, significant variation in the serum enzyme activity level was noted, adult levels were lower than those of young chicks. Analysis of alpha-amylase activity in various body fluids and tissues of 11-day and 7-week-old broilers indicated that the liver cannot be considered a source of alpha-amylase, although there was activity in both liver tissue and bile of 10 units/g wet weight and 35 units/100 ml, respectively. Fluid from the oral cavity had low levels of alpha-amylase activity, less than 100 units/100 ml, which decreased with age, indicating that the salivary glands may synthesize some alpha-amylase but are not a primary source. Sonication of the pancreatic homogenates was found to significantly increase the apparent activity of alpha amylase 35-fold over unsonicated homogenates. The pancreas was the major source of alpha-amylase with activities ranging from 89 X 10(2) to 445 X 10(2) units/g wet weight. The level of activity increased with age of the bird. The electrophoretic zymograms of serum, liver, and pancreatic homogenates indicate a similar pancreatic origin for the alpha-amylase found in each tissue or fluid. PMID- 3486410 TI - [Determining various types of rosette-forming T lymphocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 3486411 TI - [Detoxication with hemodes--a method of preventing secondary immunologic deficiency in patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3486412 TI - [Effect of thymus gland preparations on T- and B-lymphocytes in experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 3486413 TI - Genomic cloning, characterization, and multilineage growth-promoting activity of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Through the use of long single-sequence oligonucleotide probes, the complete gene for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) has been cloned from a human genomic library. The gene is 2.5 kilobases in length, contains three introns, and is present as a single copy in the human genome. When subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pD3, the gene directs the synthesis of authentic hGM-CSF. In addition to its stimulation of in vitro granulopoiesis and monopoiesis, recombinant hGM-CSF stimulates in vitro erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. PMID- 3486414 TI - Selection and amplification of heterologous genes encoding adenosine deaminase in mammalian cells. AB - We demonstrate that an adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA gene can function as a dominant selectable and amplifiable marker for gene transfer experiments in mammalian cells. Cells that incorporate the gene can be selected by growth in the presence of low concentrations of the ADA inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin with cytotoxic concentrations of adenosine or its analogue 9-beta-D-xylofuranosyl adenine. The DNA copy number of the transfected ADA minigene in the isolated transformants of Chinese hamster ovary cells can be amplified greater than 100 fold by growth in ADA selection media and increasing concentrations of 2' deoxycoformycin. This selection scheme may allow for the introduction and subsequent amplification of heterologous DNA in a variety of mammalian cells. PMID- 3486415 TI - Molecular cloning of a functional bovine interleukin 2 cDNA. AB - A cDNA clone of the bovine interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene has been isolated and demonstrated to be functional in the production of secreted bovine IL-2 protein when transfected into monkey cells. The bovine IL-2 clone is 791 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame of 474 base pairs coding for a bovine IL-2 precursor polypeptide of 158 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 17,884. The putative hydrophobic leader or signal sequence of the precursor protein is 23 amino acid residues long, suggesting that, after removal by processing, the mature secreted bovine IL-2 protein contains 135 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 15,464. Comparisons of both the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine IL-2 with those of the human and mouse IL-2 show extensive regions of sequence conservation between the species, interspersed with other regions of less similarity. The 3' untranslated region of the bovine IL-2 gene shares as much, if not greater, sequence homology with the 3' untranslated regions of the human and mouse genes as do the transcribed coding regions of these genes, suggesting an involvement of this region in regulation. In particular, a tandemly repeated sequence, (TATT)n, found in the 3' untranslated tail of the bovine IL-2 clone is also found in the 3' untranslated region of the other known interleukin and interferon genes, as well as in similar regions of many other inducible genes of the lymphoid and immune response systems, suggesting a cell or tissue-specific regulatory function for these evolutionarily conserved sequences. PMID- 3486416 TI - Characterization, mapping, and expression of the human ceruloplasmin gene. AB - Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a copper-binding protein in vertebrate plasma. It is the product of an intragenic triplication and is composed of three homologous domains. Oligonucleotide probes constructed according to published amino acid sequences were used to identify cDNA clones encoding human CP. Two clones, CP-1 and CP-2, differed from each other by the presence or absence, respectively, of a deduced sequence of four amino acids. The two clones provided 81% of the sequence encoding CP. Comparison of the nucleotides of the three domains of the CP coding sequence revealed internal domain homology with identity of sequences ranging from 50.1% to 56%. The nucleotide sequence of CP-2 cDNa was compared to that of a homologous human protein, clotting factor VIII, and was found to be 48% identical overall. The CP gene was mapped to human chromosome 3 by somatic-cell-hybrid analysis and to 3q25 by in situ hybridization; however, sites of hybridization to DNA on other chromosomal sites suggested additional CP-like DNA sequences in the human genome. A DNA polymorphism was detected with CP cDNA after endonuclease digestion of human DNA by Pst I. CP mRNA was detected in human liver, macrophages, and lymphocytes by in situ histohybridization. PMID- 3486417 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte activation and functions by a leukemia cell-derived inhibitor. AB - An inhibitor isolated from the serum-free culture medium of human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells was able to suppress mitogen- and alloantigen-stimulated proliferative responses of normal lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro production, concentration, and purification by column chromatography and electrophoresis revealed that the inhibitor was produced constitutively, required RNA synthesis, and had a molecular weight in the range of 40,000-60,000. The inhibitor was also produced in vitro by myeloid leukemia cells isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. In a similar manner, the inhibitory material suppressed proliferative responses of allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes. Suppression was accompanied by drastically reduced production of interleukin 2 and lymphokines, which regulate differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, and suppression was reversed by addition of exogenous interleukin 2. The inhibitor did not suppress clonogenic proliferation of normal granulocytes and macrophages suggesting that inhibition of production or interference with interleukin 2 activity as a possible mechanism. These interactions between leukemia cells and lymphocytes have shed new light on the immunosuppression and growth advantage of leukemia cells. Inhibitory activity of HL-60 cells was diminished after they were induced to differentiate, indicating that differentiation induced by lymphokines may be an effective means of controlling leukemia. PMID- 3486418 TI - Interleukin 1 induces endothelial cell procoagulant while suppressing cell surface anticoagulant activity. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that endothelial cells participate actively in both anticoagulant and procoagulant reactions. Although anticoagulant mechanisms predominate on the surface of quiescent endothelial cells, perturbed endothelial cells can promote coagulation through the coordinated induction of procoagulant activity and suppression of anticoagulant mechanisms. Purified recombinant interleukin 1 was infused intravenously into rabbits and coagulant properties of the native aortic endothelium were subsequently studied. Interleukin 1 infusion resulted in a time- and dose-dependent induction of the procoagulant cofactor tissue factor, while concomitantly blocking the protein C anticoagulant pathway. Tissue factor activity increased greater than 10-fold by 3-5 hr after the infusion, while endothelial cell-dependent thrombin-mediated protein C activation decreased by 72% and assembly of functional activated protein C-protein S complex on the vessel surface was decreased by greater than 90%. Scanning electron microscopy of major arteries demonstrated fibrin strands closely associated with the luminal endothelial cell surface with a predilection for bifurcations. Interleukin 1, a mediator of the inflammatory response, can shift the balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant reactions on the endothelium unidirectionally favoring clot formation. The surface of perturbed endothelium can thus provide a template, facilitating the development of a prethrombotic state, and provides a model for the early stages of thrombosis. PMID- 3486419 TI - Fusion of renal epithelial cells: a model for studying cellular mechanisms of ion transport. AB - The investigation of epithelial ion transport at the cellular level by means of electrophysiological techniques is hampered by the small size of epithelial cells. Moreover, interpretation of experiments is complex due to poorly defined and highly variable paracellular leaks (shunt pathways). In search of a new experimental approach we developed a technique to isolate renal epithelial cells (diameter approximately equal to 10 micron) from diluting segments of the frog kidney and to fuse them to "giant" cells (diameter approximately equal to 100 micron). These cells generate membrane potentials of -54.1 +/- 1.6 mV (mean +/- SEM; n = 40). They are sensitive to the diuretic drugs furosemide and amiloride and to the K+- and Cl- -permeability blockers Ba2+ and anthracene-9-carboxylic acid. The experiments demonstrate membrane potential measurements in cells isolated from renal epithelium and fused to giant cells. The cells retain their specific membrane properties and could serve as a valuable experimental model in epithelial research. PMID- 3486421 TI - Frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant T cells is inversely related to the declining T-cell activities in aging mice. AB - The frequency of clonable 6-thioguanine-resistant (6-TGr) splenic T cells increased moderately with age in female BALB/c mice ranging in age from 3 to 32 months; however, the correlation between the frequency of clonable 6-TGr cells and age was weak. Those clonable 6-TGr T cells were deficient in hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity and sensitive to hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium, as in the case of HGPRT-deficient L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. When splenic T cells of individual aging mice were assessed simultaneously for the frequency of clonable 6-TGr T cells and for their ability to produce interleukin 2 or to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation, an inverse correlation was observed. These results indicate that the frequency of 6-TGr T cells is more closely related to physiologic age than chronologic age. This would mean that the frequency could be used as an index of physiologic age and that the T cells could serve as a cellular model relating gene alterations to physiologic age. PMID- 3486420 TI - Characterization of a cDNA coding for human factor VII. AB - Factor VII is a precursor to a serine protease that is present in mammalian plasma. In its activated form, it participates in blood coagulation by activating factor X and/or factor IX in the presence of tissue factor and calcium. Clones coding for factor VII were obtained from two cDNA libraries prepared from poly(A) RNA from human liver and Hep G2 cells. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNAs indicates that factor VII is synthesized with a prepro-leader sequence of 60 or 38 amino acids. The mature protein that circulates in plasma is a single chain polypeptide composed of 406 amino acids. The amino acid sequence analysis of the protein and the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNAs indicate that factor VII is converted to factor VIIa by the cleavage of a single internal bond between arginine and isoleucine. This results in the formation of a light chain (152 amino acids) and a heavy chain (254 amino acids) that are held together by a disulfide bond. The light chain contains a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain and two potential epidermal growth factor domains, while the heavy chain contains the serine protease portion of the molecule. Factor VII shows a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with the other vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins. PMID- 3486422 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes tandemly arranged in human chromosome: a pseudogene and a genuine gene. AB - Two 21-hydroxylase [P-450(C21)] genes have been isolated from a human genomic library using a bovine P-450(C21) cDNA. The insert DNAs containing the P-450(C21) genes were also hybridized with the sequences of the 5' or 3' end regions of human C4 cDNA, indicating a close linkage of the P-450(C21) gene to the C4 gene. Sequence analysis has revealed that the two P-450(C21) genes are both approximately equal to 3.4 kilobases long and split into 10 exons. Comparing the two sequences, we found that the two genes are highly homologous including their introns and flanking sequences, but that three mutations render one of the two P 450(C21) genes nonfunctional--1 base insertion, an 8-base deletion, and a transition mutation--all of which may cause premature termination of the translation. Tandem arrangement of the highly homologous pseudo- and genuine genes in close proximity could account for the high incidence of P-450(C21) gene deficiency by homologous gene recombination. PMID- 3486423 TI - Qa gene expression: biosynthesis and secretion of Qa-2 molecules in activated T cells. AB - The biosynthesis and expression of the tissue-specific class I molecule Qa-2 have been studied in resting and activated T-cell populations. Polyclonal activation of T lymphocytes induces a 3- to 4-fold increase in the biosynthesis of Qa-2 molecules but no increase in cell-surface levels. Analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of the Qa-2 molecule in activated lymphocytes reveals that approximately equal to 70% of the newly synthesized Qa-2 molecules are secreted as soluble molecules. In resting-cell populations, Qa-2 remains entirely cell-associated. This process is unique to the Qa-2 molecule, since other class I molecules (e.g., H-2Kb and H-2Db) synthesized by activated cells remain cell-associated. The possibility that the secreted Qa-2 molecule is the product of a new Qa gene or an alternatively spliced mRNA is considered. These results indicate that the Qa-2 molecules may not just function as a cell-surface recognition structure but also may serve a role as a soluble factor synthesized by activated lymphoid cell populations. PMID- 3486425 TI - Effects of serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the locomotor activity of neonatal rats. AB - The locomotor activity of neonatal rats was measured after treatment with serotonin agonists or antagonists. Treatment with the serotonin agonists 5 hydroxytryptophan or quipazine resulted in the elimination of the peak in activity which normally results from increases in activity from days 10 to 15 of life followed by decreases from days 15 to 20 of life. The drug-induced decreases in activity occurred at doses that did not alter locomotor activity after day 17, when most of the peak in activity had passed. The dose of 5 mg/kg of the serotonergic antagonist methysergide eliminated the peak in activity without changing locomotor activity after the peak had passed. The antagonists methiothepin and cinanserin only produced decreases in locomotor activity which did not appear to be related to the peak in activity. The serotonergic agonist data are compatible with the hypothesis that the development of the serotonin system contributed to the inhibition of locomotor activity. The methiothepin and cinanserin data neither confirm nor dispute the hypothesis, as their effects may have been either nonserotonergic or on serotonin receptors that were different than those acted on by the agonists. PMID- 3486424 TI - The biological activity in vivo of recombinant murine interleukin 1 in the rat. AB - The present study summarizes the biological response of rats to infusion with recombinant murine IL-1 (rIL-1) cloned in Escherichia coli. Thirty-seven male rats (135-180 g) were infused over a 6-hr period with either 0.008 M guanidine hydrochloride (the vehicle) or E. coli product (both groups are controls) or 1000, 3750, 7500, 15,000, or 37,500 LAF units/hr of rIL-1. The controls and the group receiving 1000 LAF units/hr of rIL-1 did not exhibit a change in body temperature during the experiment. A mild fever was noted with 3750 LAF units/hr which became significantly elevated with 7500 and 15,000 LAF units/hr. At a dose of 37,500 LAF units/hr of rIL-1 (in 0.08 M guanidine hydrochloride) the rats became hypothermic and died. An equivalent dose of guanidine hydrochloride alone (0.08 M) was not fatally toxic although the rats did become hypothermic. Plasma zinc levels were significantly depressed and white blood cell count elevated at 6 hr postinfusion onset. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was significantly depressed during an infusion of 7500 and 15,000 LAF units/hr of rIL-1 despite a concurrent elevation in body temperature. Whole-body leucine kinetics were unchanged by infusion with rIL-1. Plasma fibrinogen and serum haptoglobin and copper levels were not altered by rIL-1. In conclusion, murine rIL-1 is similar to monocytic-derived IL-1 in that it produces a fever, hypozincemia, and leukocytosis; however, rIL-1 does not induce changes in protein metabolism. PMID- 3486426 TI - Antipyretic activity of new compounds 4-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2 yl)phenylalkanoic acids, their esters, amides and 1,1-dioxide derivatives. AB - Antipyretic activity of new compounds, 4-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2 yl)phenylalkanoic acids, their esters, amides and 1,1-dioxide derivatives has been studied. The acid compound of the benzoic series (I:a), tested at graded doses, exerted a noticeable antipyretic action; it had two times the "potency" of benzisothiazolone but an almost equal "efficacy". Its "potency" however was not proportional to the development of gastric lesions and to the acute toxicity. A decreased pharmacological activity has been observed in phenylalkanoic acids in the following order: R = COOH greater than CH2COOCH greater than CH(CH3)COOH greater than CH(C2H5)COOH, probably due to their increasing lipophilic character. By contrast among 1,1-dioxide derivatives the most effective in preventing pyrogen-induced fever was the ethyl ester (V:c) of benzoic series which appeared to be as active as paracetamol. The interest arising from these observations is here after discussed. PMID- 3486429 TI - Coroners' decisions and suicide rates. PMID- 3486427 TI - Use of metabolic inhibitors to investigate the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers and non-dimer DNA damages induced in human and ICR 2A frog cells by solar ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 3486430 TI - Longitude and suicide rates of certain United States cities. PMID- 3486431 TI - EEG stability following corticotropin releasing factor in rats. AB - The EEG and behavioral effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of low doses of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) (0.0015 and 0.015 nM) were studied in rats. Compared to saline injections, CRF produced a significant increase in the 'stability' of EEG waveforms over time in several frequency bands. The behavioral effects of CRF were consistent with previous reports of CRF induced arousal and autonomic activation without frank increases in locomotion. These studies suggest that measures of EEG stability should be investigated as a potential biologic correlate in diseases wherein hypercortisolism associated with CRF release is a prominent feature. PMID- 3486428 TI - [Effect of aging on the sex distribution of depressive disorders]. AB - The effects of age on sex differences in depression were studied in an inpatient sample of the Department of Psychiatry, Free University Berlin. The dependent variable depression was defined by nosological classification (ICD) and by the severity of the Depressive Syndrome of the AMP-Rating Scale on admission. With the exception of the 40-49 years olds women were more often diagnosed as depression compared to men, the preponderance of women was significant till the age of 40. With regard to the Depressive Syndrome women manifested a more pronounced symptomatology up to the age of 70. The difference diminished for male and female patients 50-69 years old and changed to a higher score for men older than 70. The results were discussed in comparison to other findings published in the last years. PMID- 3486434 TI - [The role of spontaneous DNA damage in the radiosensitivity of thymus lymphocytes]. AB - The most radiosensitive thymus cortical lymphocytes are highly sensitive to inhibitors of repair of spontaneous DNA lesions known by endonucleases: this is indicative of different level of injury to cells. The preincubation of cells with chemical inductors of differentiation increases the number of spontaneous lesions in them. The preincubation of thymocytes with concanavalin A removes almost completely the differences in the level of injury. PMID- 3486433 TI - Early intellectual dysfunction following coronary bypass surgery. AB - As part of a major prospective study of neurological and psychological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, involving 312 patients, detailed psychometric testing was carried out before and after operation on 298 patients using a battery of 10 standard tests of intellectual function. This report is concerned with the early neuropsychological dysfunction detectable one week after operation. Two hundred and thirty-five patients (79 per cent of the cohort) showed impairment in some aspect of cognitive function at the seventh day after operation. Only 63 patients (21 per cent) showed no deterioration from levels before operation in any of the 10 test scores. One hundred and twenty three of the patients whose scores deteriorated had no symptoms while in hospital. Eighty-nine patients complained of cognitive impairment, and 23 patients were considered to be overtly disabled by their intellectual dysfunction, during the period soon after operation. There is therefore a high incidence of early cerebral dysfunction detectable by psychometric testing following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Often this was not of sufficient severity to cause serious concern to the patients or to interfere with their everyday activities in the hospital environment. PMID- 3486436 TI - Multiple drug use. Epidemiology, correlates, and consequences. AB - The initial focus is on the conceptual issues essential to the understanding of multiple drug use. This is followed by a discussion of the developmental nature of multiple drug use and the various strategies that have been designed to measure multiple use. The third section of the paper contains a review of the extent of multiple drug use in various segments of society with data from the Monitoring-the-Future surveys of high school seniors, the National Survey on Drug Abuse, and the Treatment Outcome Prospective Study of drug abuse treatment clients. The conclusion is that multiple drug use is pervasive. The next section deals with several consequences associated with multiple drug use: automobile accidents, delinquency, and emergency room visits. The final section outlines some of the prevention and treatment implications of multiple drug use from a public policy perspective. PMID- 3486437 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in an adult patient]. PMID- 3486435 TI - Effect of lipoproteins and growth factors on the proliferation of BHK-21 cells in serum free culture. AB - Baby hamster kidney-derived cells (BHK-21 cell line), seeded at low density on gelatin coated dishes and exposed to a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium, proliferate actively when exposed to high density lipoproteins (HDL), transferrin, and basic or acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). This serum free medium combination supported cell multiplication at a rate equal to that of serum supplemented medium, and at low cell input (10(3) cells/35-mm dish). Epidermal growth factor (EGF), although mitogenic for BHK-21 cells, was less efficient than either basic or acidic FGF in supporting cell growth. When the potency of basic and acidic FGF were compared, acidic FGF was 10 fold less potent than basic FGF. The requirement of BHK-21 cells for transferrin appears to be minimal since cells exposed to HDL and basic FGF could be serially transferred for at least 50 cumulative population doublings in the absence of transferrin. PMID- 3486432 TI - Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in panic disorder: effect of echocardiographic criteria. AB - Although several investigators have found a higher incidence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in patients with panic disorder (PD) and agoraphobia with panic attacks (AgP), there are now several conflicting reports. Discrepancy in the rate of echocardiographic diagnosis of MVP in PD/AgP may be due to different criteria used in evaluating the echocardiogram. In this study, 15 echocardiograms performed on patients with PD/AgP were evaluated by two separate expert echocardiographers. Each used his own standard criteria for diagnosing MVP. The first reader diagnosed MVP in 9 of 15 patients with PD/AgP while the second did not diagnose MVP in any of the 15 patients. This substantiates the belief that criteria variance strongly influences estimates of the prevalence of MVP among patients with PD/AgP. PMID- 3486438 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin and hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3486439 TI - Specificity of 2'-deoxycoformycin inhibition of adenosine metabolism in intact human skin fibroblasts. AB - Studies with purified enzymes have shown that 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF) is a potent and selective inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Specificity of dCF's effects on adenosine metabolism in intact human skin fibroblasts was investigated by examining the isotopic flux from exogenous [14C] adenosine to metabolic products in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient (HPRT-) cells which cannot recycle hypoxanthine. Apparent ADA activity (as estimated by isotopic flux to inosine and hypoxanthine) was profoundly inhibited by dCF (with at least 50% inhibition at 10(-8) M and 95% inhibition at 10(-5) M dCF). The degree of inhibition was similar at various exogenous adenosine concentrations ranging from 1 to 400 microM. Some inhibition of isotopic flux to adenine nucleotides (an ADA independent process in HPRT- cells) could be demonstrated, but only in media containing high concentrations of adenosine. Even at 400 microM adenosine, the highest concentration employed, isotopic flux to adenine nucleotides was unaffected by concentrations of dCF below 10(-6) M, and only 30% inhibition was achieved with 10(-5) M dCF. Inhibition of adenosine phosphorylation to AMP appears to be the most likely explanation for dCF inhibition of isotopic flux from [14C] adenosine to adenine nucleotides, probably due to substrate inhibition of adenosine kinase by high levels of intracellular adenosine produced when ADA is inhibited by dCF. No evidence for dCF inhibition of either adenosine transport or phosphorylations within the adenine nucleotide pool (from AMP to ADP or from ADP to ATP) was found. Thus, at physiological levels of exogenous adenosine (0.03 to 2.6 microM), dCF appears to be a potent and highly specific inhibitor of ADA in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3486440 TI - Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in jejunal and ileocaecal Peyer's patches of lambs. AB - Jejunal (JPPs) and ileocaecal (IPP) Peyer's patches in lambs were studied by employing the indirect and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase methods, using antibodies to sheep IgM and thymocytes. Thymocyte sera absorbed with IPP germinal centre cells showed specificity for T cells in the thymus, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Whereas JPPs had large interfollicular T cell areas, IPP mainly contained B cells, although small triangular T cell areas were found at the apex of the follicles. Some T cells were also found in the dome and corona region of JPPs and IPP. While germinal centres of JPPs had about 40 per cent of IgM positive cells, IPP germinal centres contained about 80 per cent of such cells. Negative or weak IgM-positive cells were seen in the peripheral zone of IPP germinal centres, contrasting with surface IgM-positive cells in the central zone, and indicating a centripetal migration of maturing lymphocytes. PMID- 3486441 TI - Immune factors in narcolepsy. AB - Most but not all subjects with the narcoleptic syndrome have the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR2 (and DQ1). The narcolepsy-DR2 association is the highest disease-HLA linkage known, and occurs in nonfamilial as well as familial cases of the narcoleptic syndrome. In other forms of daytime drowsiness, there is no relationship with a specific HLA, although some subjects considered to have "essential" hypersomnolence probably have the narcoleptic syndrome. The cause of the narcoleptic syndrome remains unknown, although in a few instances the condition follows infection. There is no evidence for a circulating sleep factor in the blood or in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic subjects, and no unequivocal marker of cellular immunity has yet been found. However, a few subjects with the narcoleptic syndrome have oligoclonal bands or raised immunoglobulin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is highly likely that the narcoleptic syndrome is an immune-mediated disorder, occurring in a genetically susceptible (DR2/DQ1-positive) subject. PMID- 3486442 TI - HLA-DR2 and narcolepsy. AB - A positive association between HLA-DR2, DQw1, and narcolepsy was documented in 23 French caucasoid narcoleptic patients, 18 who were heterozygous for DR2 and 5 who were possibly homozygous. An autoimmune mechanism of narcolepsy is proposed with three successive stages, as well as relevant methodology for further investigation. A dominant mode of inheritance of narcolepsy, with an incomplete penetrance, is suggested although not yet evidenced. PMID- 3486443 TI - HLA antigens in narcolepsy and idiopathic central nervous system hypersomnolence. AB - Several studies have shown familial incidence of narcolepsy and idiopathic central nervous system (CNS) hypersomnia. HLA antigen studies performed in mongoloid and caucasoid narcoleptic patients on the A, B, and C loci have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study is to document a possible association between the HLA system, including the DR locus and excessive daytime somnolence. Thirty-one narcoleptic patients and 10 idiopathic hypersomniac patients were selected and typed for 54 HLA antigens. A family with narcoleptic members in 3 generations was also studied. HLA-DR2 was found in 100% of narcoleptic patients. The frequency of HLA-A3 and B7, which are in linkage disequilibrium with DR2 was also increased in this group. Idiopathic hypersomniac patients showed an increase of HLA-Cw2, DR5, and B27, three antigens known to be in linkage disequilibrium. In the family study, narcoleptic patients were also HLA-DR2; moreover, 3 subjects, one of whom was narcoleptic, were HLA-DR2 as a result of recombination (i.e., genetic crossing-over). These results locate the hypothetic gene associated with narcolepsy more precisely, and indicate that narcolepsy and idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence are two different entities. PMID- 3486444 TI - Narcolepsy 1985. PMID- 3486445 TI - Immunological response to outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with acute sinusitis. AB - The immunological response of 30 patients with acute sinusitis was examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed to detect antibodies against outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae. Using this ELISA, we found that 15 patients had slight increases in specific antibody in their convalescent serum. Maxillary sinus secretions from 15 patients had specific antibodies. IgG and IgA antibodies were detected with equal frequency, but IgA antibody was often found in maxillary sinus secretions while it was absent from serum. Thus it appears that patients with acute sinusitis respond systemically and locally with the specific antibody to H. influenzae. PMID- 3486446 TI - Evaluation of drugs against Onchocerca microfiliariae in an inbred mouse model. AB - The model of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) injected into CBA mice has been examined for its application to chemotherapy studies in onchocerciasis. Parasite recoveries following treatment relative to the levels obtained from controls were not significantly affected by suramin, whereas they were reduced by up to 56% with amoscanate, 71% with levamisole, 82% with mebendazole, 82% with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and 100% with ivermectin. More detailed evaluation of the latter two compounds demonstrated that far greater intrinsic microfilaricidal activity was possessed by ivermectin compared with DEC. Single doses of ivermectin down to 0.2 mg/kg destroyed 83% of the mf within 12 hours and 100% within 5 days. The same dose administered at various times prior to mf injection reduced parasite recoveries by 92% after four days and by 35-40% for up to one month. In contrast, DEC was only effective at doses of 5 X 50 mg/kg or higher, reducing mf levels by an equivalent amount following subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes of administration. However, it was of limited efficacy when given to mice during the first week after mf injection compared with the third week, when parasite levels in untreated rodents start to decline under a host immune response. DEC treatment during the third week after mf injection resulted in a smaller depression in parasite recoveries from T-cell deprived mice compared with intact animals, but in similar levels of reduction in CBA/H (normal) and CBA/N (B-cell deficient) mice. Depletion of C3 complement levels in mice with cobra venom factor had a negligible effect on drug efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486448 TI - [HLA system and complications of the treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis with D penicillamine]. AB - The data of the literature concerning the relationship between complications of D penicillamine treatment and the HLA system are discussed. This relationship particularly concerns the renal complications which are associated with HLA antigens B8 and DR3, although this relation is not sufficiently strong to be used in practice in the indications for treatment with D-penicillamine. PMID- 3486449 TI - [Metabolism of vitamin A in Forestier-Rotes-Querol hyperostosis]. AB - High doses of retinol produce hyperostotic lesions in animals and humans. In this study we measured in fasting subjects and 5 hours after administering 50,000 IU of retinol, levels in the serum of retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin in 35 hyperostotic subjects (HVA) and 22 control subjects. Retinol levels were equally high after fasting and after consumption of vitamin A (p 0.01). The levels of retinol-binding protein and prealbumin increase in parallel, such that the molar ratios of retinol to retinol-binding protein or to prealbumin are not changed. Taken with literature data, those of the present study indicate that vitamin A is responsible for the production of hyperostotic lesions. PMID- 3486450 TI - [A project for developing rheumatologic epidemiology in France. The setting up of a network]. AB - The epidemiological approach is indispensable in rheumatology. It involves the collection of quantitative data on the extent and geographical distribution of different rheumatismal pathologies, their socioeconomic consequences, the handicap they produce, the evaluation of a system of care and the risk factors involved. The epidemiological group of the French Rheumatology Society has recorded the data currently available in France and the studies performed in France and abroad. It recommends the setting up of an epidemiological monitoring network on a national scale consisting of rheumatologists and general practitioners. PMID- 3486447 TI - [Elements of vestibular symptomatology for general practitioners]. PMID- 3486451 TI - [Histiocytosis X in adults. Apropos of a case with apparently isolated bone localizations and hypercalcemia, and a fatal course]. PMID- 3486454 TI - Induction of concanavalin A dose-dependent T-cell growth factor production by insertion of T-cell membrane components into the AKR thymic lymphoma BW 5147. AB - Sendai virus vesicles were used as vehicles for the insertion of various cell membranes into different cell lines. The transplantation efficiency was measured by using FITC-labelled concanavalin A (Con A) or monoclonal antibodies against the T-cell marker Lyt 2 and the major histocompatibility complex product H-2Db in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Results indicate that it is possible to transplant mitogen responsiveness to certain cell types. Con A stimulation of T cell membrane transplanted BW 5147 showed that it is possible to induce a mitogen dose-dependent T-cell growth factor production. Consequently this method appears to be an attractive model for further study of the properties of the membrane structures involved in mitogen triggering of cells. PMID- 3486452 TI - Unique multimeric pattern of von Willebrand factor in a patient with a benign monoclonal gammopathy. AB - A 60-yr-old woman had had a bleeding disorder for the last 13 yr, with laboratory features of monoclonal gammopathy and von Willebrand's disease (vWD). There was no evidence of family vWD. She had a prolonged bleeding time, low levels of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor activities and decreased ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. Platelet von Willebrand factor (vWF) was normal. Plasma vWF showed a unique multimeric pattern with absence of larger and intermediate multimers and a disproportionate increase of the fastest moving multimer with normal satellite bands, thus differing from previously described types of vWF. No evidence for inhibitor, non neutralizing antibody or proteolytic activity against vWF was found in her plasma or IgG fraction. DDAVP response was very poor. We suggest that this patient had a unique, probably acquired, vWD. Nevertheless the possibility of its being a new subtype of congenital vWD associated with an unrelated monoclonal gammopathy cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3486453 TI - The human cell surface glycoprotein complex (gp 120,200) recognized by monoclonal antibody K20 is a component binding to phytohaemagglutinin on T cells. AB - Monoclonal antibody K20 recognizes a human glycoprotein complex that is not restricted to haematopoietic lineages but is preferentially expressed on early haematopoietic cells, T cells, and monocytes. This glycoprotein complex is made of a constant 120,000-140,000 Mr subunit noncovalently associated at the cell surface with subunits of higher Mr ranging from 150,000 to 200,000 on different cell types. Internal labelling with [35S]methionine and pulse-chase experiments revealed that in the cell the 120,000 Mr glycoprotein of this complex is also noncovalently associated with a 100,000 Mr glycoprotein, and that both glycoproteins are independently biosynthesized. This glycoprotein complex is shown by immunoprecipitation by lectin plus antilectin antibodies and by sequential immunoprecipitations to be one of the cell surface structures bound by phytohaemagglutinin on the surface of normal T cells. PMID- 3486455 TI - Chicken T-cell growth factor: use in the generation of a long-term cultured T cell line and biochemical characterization. AB - Supernatants from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated chicken spleen cells were used to generate a long-term cultured cell line from antigen-primed chicken peripheral blood leukocytes. This line has been kept in continuous proliferation in vitro for more than 25 weeks. Morphologically these cells were lymphoblastoid and expressed class I and class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex as well as T-cell (but not B-cell or macrophage) antigens. In addition they contained no peroxidase or non-specific esterase activity, neither were they phagocytic. Proliferation of the line was totally dependent on exogenous T-cell growth factor (TCGF) activity provided by the Con-A-stimulated spleen cell supernatant, comparable with the proliferation of Con-A-induced T-cell blasts. TCGF activity from the supernatant was absorbed both by the long-term cultured T cells and by Con A blasts, demonstrating the presence of receptors for the same TCGF species on the two populations. We have used the long-term cultured cell line to characterize chicken TCGF further. The molecular weight of the biologically active fractions found by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 was approximately 13,000 and isoelectric focusing showed chicken TCGF to have a pI of pH 5.9. We propose that the TCGF described here is the chicken analogue to the mammalian interleukin 2. PMID- 3486456 TI - The use of interleukin 1+ and interleukin 1- cell lines to dissociate signals involved in the induction of cytolytic T cells. AB - The availability of paired homogeneous Ia+ tumour cell lines (P388AD, interleukin (IL)-1+, and P388NA, IL-1-), which differ in inducibility for IL-1, provided a unique opportunity to assess directly the role of Ia and IL-1 in the induction of cytolytic T cells (CTL) to trinitrophenol (TNP)-modified self. TNP-P388AD but not TNP-P388NA consistently induced H-2-restricted, hapten-specific CTL. However, in the presence of an exogenous source of IL-1, TNP-P388NA was able to induce CTL of the magnitude seen with TNP-P388AD. Both Ia expression and IL-1 secretion were necessary in that when TNP-modified purified T cells were utilized as stimulators, CTL activity was not demonstrated even if IL-1 was added, but was only seen when unmodified, P388AD, or spleen cells were added to the cultures. PMID- 3486457 TI - The fate of neonatally injected effector cells of allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Lymphocytes from rats sensitized with basic protein (BP) plus complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), which produce allergic encephalomyelitis when transferred to adult recipients, fail to induce disease when transferred to 3- to 5-day-old neonatal rats. The transferred cells do, however persist in the recipients and can be revealed by actively challenging with BP-CFA later in adult life. Challenge leads to a significantly earlier onset of disease than is seen in control animals. We report here that the cells are long lived and persist in the recipients for at least 9 months. The cells can be demonstrated in the spleen and lymph nodes of recipient animals and can be activated by homologous and cross reacting encephalitogenic antigenic preparations but not by antigen in nonencephalitogenic forms. These neonatal recipients, which carry autoimmune effector cells asymptomatically for prolonged periods, may provide a useful model for advancing our understanding of immunoregulatory events in this experimental demyelinating disease as well as the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3486458 TI - The attachment of serum- and plasma-derived C3 to solid-phase immune aggregates and its relation to complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes. AB - The interaction between immune aggregates and complement (C) was investigated. Solid-phase immune aggregates were prepared by coating microwells with heat aggregated bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by rabbit anti-BSA antibody. The immune aggregates were reacted with human serum or citrated plasma at 37 degrees C. The binding of C3 components was investigated with biotinylated F(ab')2 antibodies to C3c and C3d and avidin-coupled alkaline phosphatase. The form of the incorporated C3, whether C3b-iC3b or C3dg, can be deduced from the response with these two antibodies. The maximal binding of C3b-iC3b to the immune aggregates was observed within 5 min of incubation with serum or citrated plasma. The conversion to C3dg was evident by a decrease in bound anti-C3c concomitant with increasing anti-C3d reactivity within about 10 min of incubation. When the classical C pathway activation was inhibited, the binding of C3b-iC3b was delayed by 20-30 min, whereas stopping of the alternative pathway did not influence the initial kinetics of the reaction. The addition of human red blood cells had no measurable influence on the degradation of bound C3b-iC3b. 125I-labelled anti-BSA antibody bound to the solid-phase BSA was not released during the C3 incorporation. The incorporation of C3b into the immune aggregates was mediated equally well by serum and by citrated plasma. The incorporation of C3b-iC3b into immune complexes (IC) is thought to be responsible for the C-mediated solubilization (CMS) of IC. Citrated plasma, however, exerted no CMS capacity when measured by a radiometric assay. The CMS capacity of serum was inhibited by citrate, but could then be restored by adding Ca2+ and Mg2+, whereas no CMS could be demonstrated with citrated plasma to which divalent metal ions were added. PMID- 3486459 TI - The mature, mitogen-responsive, human thymocyte population comprises two functionally distinct T-cell subsets differing in exogenous interleukin requirements for mitogenesis and in sensitivity to glucocorticoids. AB - Human thymocytes were separated into 10 fractions by continuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Almost all the cells able to proliferate in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and about 80% of the thymocytes carrying the mature T3 marker were contained within the first two lightest fractions (Fr1 and Fr2). However, cells in Fr1 and in Fr2 were clearly different in terms of their interleukin requirement for mitogenesis, i.e. in the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1), Fr1 thymocytes showed proliferative responses to PHA that were three to five times greater than those of the Fr2 cells, whereas in the presence of exogenous IL-2 both Fr1 and Fr2 cells had mitogenic responses of a similar magnitude. These differences could not be explained by accessory cell contamination or by different kinetics of the proliferative responses. Furthermore, in the presence of exogenous IL-1, Fr1 thymocytes showed a greater capacity for producing IL-2. In contrast, there was no difference in the expression of functional IL-2 receptors between the two fractions. It can be concluded that the mature thymocyte subpopulation contains at least two functionally distinct subsets, which differ in density, and that during intrathymic maturation the capacities to produce and to respond to IL-2 do not develop simultaneously. Although both the number and the binding characteristics of glucocorticoid (GC) receptor sites did not differ significantly between Fr1 and Fr2 thymocytes, dexamethasone was more effective in inhibiting the PHA induced mitogenesis of Fr2 than of Fr1 cells. Thus, the GC sensitivity of T-cell mitogenesis is not directly correlated with receptor-related variables. In contrast with observations made on peripheral T cells, the inhibitory activity of GC on thymocyte mitogenesis was only partially reversed by the addition of exogenous IL-2. Thus, the inhibitory action of GC on thymocyte mitogenesis cannot be explained only by the steroid-induced inhibition of IL-1--IL-2 production; it must also be due to a GC-inhibitory effect on the IL-2-responsive cell proliferation. PMID- 3486461 TI - Quantitative evidence against inactivation of self-reactive B-cell clones. AB - The frequencies of murine B-cell precursors developing into clones secreting antibodies which bind to autologous (mouse) or heterologous (rabbit or human) forms of the same protein antigen (myosin and albumin) were determined in an attempt to directly test the hypothesis of higher decay rates of B lymphocytes exposed to self-antigens. The results exclude, on a quantitative basis, any form of inactivation or deletion of such cells. PMID- 3486462 TI - Interleukin 1 activity in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a monocyte-derived mediator that participates in the regulation of various T-lymphocyte activities, among them IL-2 production. Since IL-2 deficiency is a central feature in the immunological profile of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the production of IL-1 from peripheral blood monocytes from male homosexuals with AIDS was investigated at the same time as the IL-1 responsiveness of monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells (MDC) from the same patients. The IL-1 was produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes and assayed by the capacity of monocyte supernatants to amplify the proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated allogeneic MDC from healthy donors as well as murine thymocytes. The IL-1 responsiveness was measured by measuring the enhancing effect of an IL-1 standard on the proliferative response of patients' MDC. The IL-1 production was not reduced compared to the IL-1 production in a control group, but the IL-1 responsiveness of the patients' MDC was depressed. The results indicate that depressed IL-1 production is not one of the immunological disturbances in AIDS, but that the T-lymphocyte accessory properties of IL-1 are affected. PMID- 3486464 TI - Preferential induction of antigen-specific contrasuppressor T lymphocytes by trinitrophenyl (TNP)-substituted Langerhans cells. AB - We have tested the ability of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-labelled antigen-presenting cells (Langerhans cells (LC) and peritoneal macrophages (M phi)) administered intravenously to induce cells that mediate and regulate contact sensitivity. TNP M phi fail to induce contrasuppressor cells (Tcs) but activate efferent T suppressor (Ts) cells. However, the activity of immune cells can be recovered after removal of Ly 2 Ts cells. In sharp contrast, TNP-substituted purified LC produced a significant contact sensitivity reaction, which is roughly equivalent to that achieved by skin sensitization with picryl chloride. Immune cells from these animals were relatively resistant to suppression by antigen-specific Ts cells, and we have found that their resistance is due to the presence of Ly 1, Vicia villosa lectin adherent, I-J+ cells. The Tcs cell induced by TNP-LC is indistinguishable by surface markers and function from Tcs cell found in mice injected with antigen-antibody complexes. Both these Tcs cells are capable of protecting immune cells from the effects of suppression by antigen-specific Ts cells if added in the proper sequence. Although they have identical surface phenotypes, it is not known at present whether or not Tcs cells induced by two different antigen presentations are identical. The possible reasons why LC are such potent inducers of contrasuppression are discussed. PMID- 3486463 TI - Regulation of the immune response to hepatitis B virus and human serum albumin. I. Hepatitis B surface antigen-induced secretion of antibodies with specificity for human serum albumin in hepatitis B-immune donors in vitro. AB - The circulatory pool of B cells, from donors immune to hepatitis B (HB) through natural infection, contained sensitized B cells with the capacity to secrete antibodies with specificity for human serum albumin (HSA) when stimulated with purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in vitro. The immunoglobulin secretion was dependent upon and regulated by T cells and specifically induced, since it was not obtained in cell cultures from HB-susceptible donors. Culture supernatants with anti-HSA reactivity also contained specific antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), indicating that the outer coat of HBV normally provokes an immune response to both the viral antigen and a 'self' component. Perturbation in the regulation of the immune response triggered by HSA in association with HBV/HBsAg particles may involve a putative risk for development of chronic HBsAg carriership. PMID- 3486460 TI - Altered natural killer and natural cytotoxic cellular activities in lpr mice. AB - Three strains of mice bearing the autosomal recessive lpr gene (MRL, C57BL/6, and C3H) that had spontaneously developed a lupus-like disease were studied sequentially for functional natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity. Natural killing was impaired in spleen and bone marrow cells from all the lpr strains, as well as from the congenic strain MRL--+/+, which develops a late onset lupus-like disease. The NK cell activity was found to be depleted as early as 2 months of age in all lpr strains, and decreased further with age. NK activity was augmentable by Poly I:C and interleukin 2 (IL-2), suggesting that the residual cells can respond to NK modulators. In contrast with NK cell activity, NC activity was not decreased in lpr mice but could be augmented by IL 3-rich supernatants. The spontaneous decrease in NK cell activity was associated with an increased autologous plaque-forming cell (APFC) response to bromelin treated mouse red blood cells, which is produced primarily by B cells possessing the Ly-1 phenotype (Lyt-1+ B). When NK cell activity was increased by exogenous administration of Poly I:C, the APFC response diminished. Treatment of spleen cells with anti-asialo GM1 prior to Poly I:C treatment resulted in a decreased NK response but increased both APFC and Lyt-1+ B cells. The possible regulation of autoreactivity by NK cells is discussed. PMID- 3486465 TI - Enhancement of immunoglobulin secretion by the lymphokine-like activity of a Mycoplasma arginini strain. AB - B lymphocytes, preactivated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), could be triggered to growth by a strain of Mycoplasma arginini, while the level of immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, quantitated as the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC), was low. The PFC response could be increased by the addition of conditioned media (CM) from lectin-activated spleen cells or T cell tumour EL-4 to the culture of preactivated B cells. CM did not by itself induce a significant amount of PFC in the cultures of LPS-preactivated B cells. The maturation enhancing activity was distinct from IL-2 and B cell growth factor as judged by gel exclusion chromatography. PMID- 3486467 TI - Human T-cell hybrids secreting lymphokines: effect of different parent cell clones of the human T-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukaemia line CCRF-CEM. AB - We have cloned a number of cell lines from the human T-lymphocyte acute lymphoblastoid leukaemia (ALL) line CCFR-CEM, and attempted to construct functionally active human T-lymphocyte hybrids with them. Functional hybrids were generated using only one particular clone, 3H6. The activities found in the supernatants of two of these hybrids, DB1G7 and DB2D10, are described. Supernatant from DB1G7 was found to suppress strongly the migration of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while that from DB2D10 was shown to inhibit the proliferative response of human T lymphocytes to both phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A. There was no cross-reactivity between the two supernatants, confirming the usefulness of the human T-lymphocyte hybrid technique in dissecting human T-lymphocyte function. The successful use of 3H6 is contrasted with the failure of another clone, 2H2, to permit the production of functional hybrids. Problems relating to the use of CCRF-CEM and its clones as parent cell lines in the production of human T-lymphocyte hybrids are discussed. PMID- 3486466 TI - Enhanced binding and degradation of the C1q subcomponent of complement by thioglycollate-stimulated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. AB - Expression of C1q receptors on the plasma membrane of thioglycollate-stimulated guinea pig peritoneal exudate macrophages increased 1.54 times as compared to unstimulated controls. A Scatchard plot of the binding of 125I-C1q to the cells revealed that the binding is a result of an increase in the number of receptors and not to an increased affinity of the receptors. Thioglycollate-activated macrophages were found to be 1.6 times more active than nonactivated macrophages in the binding of 125I-C1q at 4 degrees C. The enhanced binding of 125I-C1q by activated peritoneal macrophages was reflected in an increase in the amount of 125I-C1q degraded by these cells as compared to resident peritoneal macrophages. This suggests that stimulation of phagocytic cells leads to an increase in the expression of C1q receptors and to a concomitant increase in the uptake and degradation of C1q. PMID- 3486468 TI - [Hirsutism and light forms of congenital adrenogenital syndrome with 21- and 11 beta hydroxylase defect]. AB - Mild clinical signs of increased androgen production in children and adolescents (premature pubarche, advanced bone maturation, tall stature) and in women (hirsutism, primary or secondary amenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea) have proven in the last few years to be attributable to mild types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21- or 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in quite a large proportion of patients. While HLA tissue typing makes it possible under certain circumstances (classic affected case in the family) to differentiate between heterozygotes with symptoms and mildly affected homozygotes (close genetic linkage of the loci on chromosome 6), this differentiation is not possible in 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Accurate diagnosis of these mild types is important, since simple cortisol treatment can improve the clinical condition considerably. PMID- 3486469 TI - [Occurrence of cryptosporidia in calves in Switzerland]. PMID- 3486470 TI - Deregulation of c-myc by translocation of the alpha-locus of the T-cell receptor in T-cell leukemias. AB - Two human T-cell leukemias carrying a t(8;14)(q24;q11) chromosome translocation were studied for rearrangements and expression of the c-myc oncogene. For one leukemia, rearrangement was detected in a region immediately distal (3') to the c myc locus; no rearrangements of c-myc were observed in the second case (DeF). However, studies with hybrids between human and mouse leukemic T cells indicated that in the leukemic cells of DeF, the breakpoint in chromosome 14 occurred between genes for the variable (V alpha) and the constant (C alpha) regions for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. The C alpha locus had translocated to a region more than 38 kilobases 3' to the involved c-myc oncogene. Since human c myc transcripts were expressed only in hybrids carrying the 8q+ chromosome but not in hybrids containing the normal chromosome 8, it is concluded that the translocation of the C alpha locus 3' to the c-myc oncogene can result in its transcriptional deregulation. PMID- 3486471 TI - Propolypeptide of von Willebrand factor circulates in blood and is identical to von Willebrand antigen II. AB - The generally mild bleeding disorder of von Willebrand disease is associated with abnormalities of two distinct plasma proteins, the large multimeric von Willebrand factor (vWF), which mediates platelet adhesion, and von Willebrand antigen II (vW AgII), which is of unknown function. The two proteins were found to have a common biosynthetic origin in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, which explains their simultaneous absence in the severe form of this hereditary disease. Shared amino acid sequences from a 100-kilodalton plasma glycoprotein and from vW AgII are identical to amino acid sequences predicted from a complementary DNA clone encoding the 5' end of vWF. In addition, these proteins have identical molecular weights and immunologic cross reactivities. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against both proteins recognize epitopes on the pro-vWF subunit and on a 100-kilodalton protein that are not present on the mature vWF subunit in endothelial cell lysates. In contrast, polyclonal antibodies against vWF recognize both pro-vWF and vWF subunits. Thus, the 100-kilodalton plasma glycoprotein and vW AgII are identical proteins and represent an extremely large propolypeptide that is first cleaved from pro-vWF during intracellular processing and then released into plasma. PMID- 3486473 TI - Functional brain studies--Part II. PMID- 3486472 TI - Depression, anorexia, Cushing's link revealed. PMID- 3486474 TI - Amyloidosis: an overview. PMID- 3486475 TI - Measurement of absolute bone blood flow by positron emission tomography. AB - A method of measuring bone blood flow has been developed using 18F sodium fluoride and positron emission tomography. The blood flow levels are in line with those obtained experimentally from microsphere embolisation. This investigative method could be applied to elucidate a number of clinical questions involving bone perfusion. PMID- 3486476 TI - The effect of workplace health services on sex-specific morbidity rates: a note of warning about a possible artefact in apparent female excess morbidity. AB - It is suggested that the excess morbidity of women may be accounted for by the greater availability to men of treatment at the place of work, for example by an occupational health nurse, which would diminish their rates of attendance in the official health system, and would also diminish the duration and hence prevalence of minor ailments. This would explain the pattern of female excess morbidity occurring exclusively at lower levels of morbidity and explicable predominantly by excess morbidity in women who do not work. Some evidence exists to support this hypothesis but it remains essentially speculative. The purpose of this paper is to warn that it must be taken into account when studying female excess morbidity. PMID- 3486477 TI - Cardiovascular mortality as it relates to the geographic distribution of employment in non-metropolitan Quebec. AB - This exploratory analysis examines relationships between employment-specific cardiovascular mortality and certain spatially-based potential risk factors. Standard mortality ratios (SMRs) are mapped on the basis of non-metropolitan primary and secondary employment basins of Quebec. In order to control for geographical anomalies, the data are broken down into three spatial grids: employment basins with the employment poles, employment basins without the employment poles and the employment poles (municipalities) taken alone. This cartography suggests a certain number of cardiovascular disease-prone employment areas in Quebec. Linkage analysis and principal components analysis are used to simplify and clarify the complex relationships that exist among selected independent variables (potential risk factors) and multiple regression analysis is used to identify the functional relationships between these employment, geographic and demographic variables and the study's dependent variable (ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular mortality) in the form of standard mortality ratios (SMRs). Cardiovascular mortality (SMRs) are found to be related negatively to an employment age-factor and, in the case of women, negatively to agricultural employment, marginally and positively to pulp and paper employment. It would appear that outside the very large cities in areas of primary and industrial employment, men are at greater risk of cardiovascular mortality during their working lives than those who are over the age of 65. Although it was not possible to establish strong positive links between most employment sectors and cardiovascular mortality, it is possible to conclude that there is a negative association for men between textile employment and cerebrovascular mortality; that in the case of women, those who work in agriculture are less at risk than women who are working in industrial employment. There is also some statistical evidence that there is an association between women in the pulp and paper industry and cardiovascular risk levels. This research provides some clues as to the need to investigate certain areas of employment that may be creating unnecessary risks to health, especially in the case of female workers. PMID- 3486478 TI - Assessing surgical risks in a population: patient histories before and after cholecystectomy. AB - Claims data from the Manitoba Health Services Commission on all health care contacts during the 2 years preceding and the 2 years following gallbladder surgery were used to describe the histories of patients prior to cholecystectomy, and to assess surgical outcomes. The study is unique in focusing on essentially all patients in the population undergoing surgery (whether at large academic centres or small rural hospitals) and in tracking post discharge events (deaths and complications). Many patients presenting for surgery with acute/urgent conditions were previously asymptomatic or at least their gallbladder disease was undiagnosed (27%). Although overall mortality rates were low (0.7%), 26% of the deaths occurred following discharge from the hospital where surgery was performed. In addition, 3.4% of the patients were readmitted to hospital with complications of the gallbladder surgery, 13.5% continued to visit the physician with abdominal symptoms after surgery and 17% presented with psychological problems. Multiple logistic regression is used to estimate the risk of poor surgical outcomes according to a patient's presurgical characteristics. The analysis suggests that most published data are biased towards underestimating the risks associated with cholecystectomy (as well as the risks associated with other common surgical procedures). PMID- 3486480 TI - Prospective study of pneumonia: unexpected incidence of legionellosis. AB - In a prospective study of the etiology of pneumonia in patients hospitalized at a university hospital, all respiratory secretions were tested for routine pathogens as well as Legionella. A diagnosis was established in 60 of 87 patients studied. Of the 37 nosocomial infections, six were caused by L micdadei. Gram-negative rods, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were also important organisms in this group. In the community-acquired cases, gram-negative rods caused 26% of infections. These data emphasize both the importance of Legionella in hospitals and the changing spectrum of both hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia. PMID- 3486479 TI - Quality of life six months after coronary artery bypass surgery: a preliminary report. AB - Ninety-six patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting showed improvement on the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale at six months postoperatively. Findings of improved sexual function and vocational status were unexpected in light of previous studies. Older patients showed less psychologic distress than younger ones after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3486481 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma: successful management with plasmapheresis. AB - A patient with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma had progressive microangiopathic red blood cell changes, thrombocytopenia with increased marrow megakaryocytes, bleeding, altered mentation, and seizure. Coagulation parameters were inconsistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation; a clinical diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was made. Plasmapheresis resulted in improvement on two separate occasions. The diagnosis of tumor-associated TTP should be considered in cancer patients. Plasmapheresis may be more effective than plasma transfusion alone in this syndrome, perhaps via removal of tumor induced immune complexes from the circulation. Aggressive management of this complication seems justified in cancer patients for whom effective chemotherapy exists. PMID- 3486482 TI - Biliary atresia: an evolving perspective. AB - From 1967 to 1984, 50 of our patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia had surgical exploration. Of 40 biliary drainage procedures, bile drained in 21 (52%). Thirty-four patients had portoenterostomy, three had portocholecystostomy, and the most recent six patients had a valved hepatoduodenal conduit. Successful biliary drainage was related to the presence of microscopic ducts at the porta hepatis in 20 of 21 infants. Twenty patients are alive, 12 from two to six years postoperatively (one with a liver transplant). Seven have normal serum bilirubin values. Height and weight exceed the 50th percentile in 5/15 patients studied. Multiple episodes of cholangitis have occurred in 11 patients with portoenterostomy and two with hepatoduodenal conduits. In 12 patients, hemorrhage from the stoma necessitated closure of the stoma before 1 year of age. Five of the six patients with hepatoduodenal conduit are alive two years postoperatively. PMID- 3486483 TI - [Incidence of suicide in physicians and dentists in Upper Bavaria]. PMID- 3486484 TI - [Aortocoronary shunting in the treatment of complicated forms of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3486485 TI - Stimulation of bone formation by electrical current on spinal fusion. AB - An experimental double-blind study to evaluate the effectiveness of a constant current stimulator was performed on 30 young pigs that underwent a spinal fusion at the level of L5-L6. The group of animals with an active bone-growth stimulator showed a statistically significant increase of osteoblastic activity with bone formation. PMID- 3486486 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine as a cause of acute hemorrhage]. PMID- 3486487 TI - Chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3486488 TI - Unstable angina pectoris secondary to multiple calcified coronary artery masses. Successful treatment with coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - A 31-year-old doctor's wife suffered from severe unstable angina pectoris (AP) due to two large, heavily calcified masses involving the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The causes of the masses could not be determined with certainty, but in view of the history (which included the ingestion of large quantities of raw boerewors (traditional spiced sausage) and histopathological findings, we believe that they were coronary artery aneurysms which developed secondary to coronary arteritis many years previously. The possibility of echinococcal (hydatid) infection is also discussed. Cardiac surgery entailed total excision of both masses, together with sections of their accompanying coronary arteries which had become fibrotic as a result of the arteritis, and reestablishment of coronary blood flow by the insertion of two saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts. Her AP was dramatically relieved and she continues to be asymptomatic without taking anti anginal drugs. PMID- 3486491 TI - Improved characterization of plasma von Willebrand factor heterogeneity when using 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. AB - Discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in large pore gels, followed by overlay with radiolabelled anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibodies and by autoradiography, permits to analyze the multimeric structure of vWF. The aim of this study was to improve experimental conditions of this technique to satisfactorily resolve the minor forms of plasma vWF while still separating its high, intermediate, and low molecular weight predominant multimers. By using a 2.5% mixture of two selected agaroses, a single electrophoretic analysis of plasma clearly reveals the extreme complexity of the molecular forms of circulating vWF: each multimeric unit of plasma vWF may be separated into five bands, the central one being predominant. The multimeric distribution and "quintuplet" pattern obtained in the electrophoretic system described here permit a convenient classification of the different subtypes of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3486490 TI - Hemorrhage secondary to Campylobacter enterocolitis: conservative care. PMID- 3486489 TI - Two-year experience of management of bleeding esophageal varices with a coordinated treatment program based on injection sclerotherapy. AB - The results of 61 consecutive patients treated for bleeding esophageal varices with a coordinated multidisciplinary protocol are described. The primary form of treatment after vigorous resuscitation was fiberoptic endoscopic injection sclerotherapy under general anesthetic. Thirteen patients failed to be controlled by injection, and eight were able to be treated by percutaneous transhepatic embolization. Those patients who were unable to undergo embolization or whose bleeding did not stop after embolization were controlled by surgery. The overall mortality rate with the 2-year limit was 29 patients (47%); however, only 18 deaths (29%) were related to the hospital admission for bleeding. Only one patient died of continued variceal bleeding. All of the other deaths were from later liver failure or unrelated disease. The results of the study confirmed the high mortality rate in patients with severe liver disease (Child's grade C) undergoing surgical control of bleeding, and it was shown that when control was obtained with injection sclerotherapy and embolization, the 1-year survival rate of a similar group of patients may be as high as 32%. PMID- 3486493 TI - Von Willebrand factor and cardiovascular risk. PMID- 3486492 TI - The dexamethasone-induced inhibitor of plasminogen activator in hepatoma cells is antigenically-related to an inhibitor produced by bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - Glucocorticoids decrease plasminogen activator (PA) activity in HTC rat hepatoma cells by inducing a specific inhibitor of PA activity (PAI). This inhibitor is similar in several biochemical properties to the PAI purified from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEs). We have used reverse fibrin autography and antiserum against BAE PAI to establish more fully the biochemical and immunological relationship of these inhibitors. Both inhibitors migrated with an apparent Mr of approximately 50,000, and the activity of both PAIs was stimulated by treatment with SDS suggesting that each of these molecules exists in both an active and a latent form. Antiserum to the BAE PAI immunoprecipitated all of the HTC PAI demonstrable by reverse fibrin autography. Finally, using this antiserum in a functional immunoassay, we have demonstrated that dexamethasone increases both active and latent PAI made by HTC cells. These results indicate that HTC PAI and BAE PAI are antigenically as well as biochemically related molecules. PMID- 3486494 TI - Rat platelet aggregation: strain and stock variations. AB - Platelet aggregation induced by ADP, arachidonic acid, and collagen was monitored in rats from two stocks, WSU-SD and CD, and from three strains, Lewis, Holtzman, and NBR. ADP-induced aggregation did not vary between the WSU-SD, CD, Lewis, Holtzman, and NBR rats. In contrast, the response to AA and collagen depended upon the stock or strain of rat. Platelets from the Holtzman and especially the NBR were much more sensitive to AA than were those from the other strains. At 0.25 mM AA, 7 of 8 NBR rats and 5 of 8 Holtzman rats aggregated irreversibly, while only 1 in 8 WSU-SD, CD, and Lewis rats aggregated irreversibly at that concentration. Collagen-induced aggregation reflected that to AA. The possible relationship between the variation in platelet aggregation and sympathoadrenal activity is discussed. PMID- 3486495 TI - [Drug-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is possible to reduce the occurrence?]. PMID- 3486496 TI - Felty's syndrome and HLA-DR antigens. PMID- 3486497 TI - HLA-A, B and DR antigens in patients with keratoconus. PMID- 3486498 TI - Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy in Northeastern Italy: increased frequency of HLA-DR 5. AB - We undertake a study of Italian intravenous drug abusers and male homosexuals with the prolonged generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL). 75% of the subjects had the HLA-DR 5 antigen (relative risk 3.25). Only one patient was DR 2 positive. 14/20 subjects had anti-HTLV III antibodies and immunological malities were a rather constant finding. PMID- 3486499 TI - HLA antigens in acute measles encephalitis. AB - The frequency of HLA-A, B, DR antigens was studied in 24 patients with acute measles encephalomyelitis compared to 1926 control subjects. The results demonstrated no association between the susceptibility to the disease and HLA markers. However, DR4 was observed in 6 patients out of 10 who developed intrathecal secretion of specific antimeasles immunoglobulins, while absent in 4 patients, who did not (p less than 0.04). Further studies on a larger series are needed. PMID- 3486500 TI - Molecular genetics of HLA-DR 'Br': allogenotypes of DR1 and DR'Br' are indistinguishable. AB - HLA-DR1 and DR 'Br' allogenotype patterns, generated using several restriction endonucleases and visualised using four HLA-DR beta cDNA probes in Southern analysis, are indistinguishable. We suggest that HLA-DR 'Br' may be a variant of the HLA-DR1 allele. PMID- 3486501 TI - Immunosuppression without liver induction by subchronic exposure to 2,7 dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in adult female B6C3F1 mice. AB - The overall objective of this investigation was to begin to characterize the structure-activity relationship associated with dioxin-induced suppression of humoral immunity. Subchronic exposure (14 days) to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD), the prototype of the class, produced a suppression of the antibody responses to both sheep erythrocytes, a T-dependent antigen, and dinitrophenyl Ficoll, a T-independent antigen. Surprisingly, similar results were observed with 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (DCDD), a dioxin congener lacking affinity for the Ah receptor. In contrast, subchronic exposure to octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), another dioxin congener without affinity for the Ah receptor, was devoid of activity. Subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, but not 2,7-DCDD, produced an induction of several liver parameters including: liver weight, amount of microsomal protein, amount of cytochrome P-450, activity of aminopyrine-N demethylase and activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. Subchronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD or 2,7-DCDD produced no marked changes in thymus weight. Acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD also produced suppression of the antibody response in the absence of effects on the thymus. PMID- 3486502 TI - Strain and sex differences in susceptibility of rats to dioctyltin dichloride. AB - Treatment with dioctyltin dichloride (DOTC) induced increased mortality, atrophy of the thymus and suppression of responses to concanavalin A. Brown Norway (BN) rats were more susceptible than Lewis (LEW) to the lethal effects of DOTC and males were more susceptible than females. Increased mortality did not correlate with changes in the histological appearance of the thymus. LEW X BN F1 hybrids resembled the LEW parent in susceptibility to the lethal effects of DOTC and the BN parent in susceptibility to changes in the thymus. PMID- 3486504 TI - [Hemorrhage through the pancreatic ducts]. PMID- 3486503 TI - Health interview surveys in developing countries: a methodological review. AB - This review covers cross-sectional health interview surveys in which respondents were asked about their recent illness and their use of preventive and curative health services. Country survey results differed widely, for both morbidity prevalence estimates and health services utilization, reflecting major methodological differences as well as any true differences that may exist between the population groups studied. Comparison of morbidity and utilization rates is thus thwarted by the absence of standardization in survey methodology, methods of analysis, and the classification of results. A lack of theoretical studies upon which to base methodology choices combined with a general lack of rigor in applying the methodologies chosen has limited the interpretation of many surveys carried out to date. The review concludes with a series of specific recommendations for improving the survey methodology of future health interview surveys in less developed countries. PMID- 3486506 TI - [Use of Statizol film-forming glue for treating gastric and duodenal ulcers]. AB - Patients with chronic gastroduodenal ulcers (210) and gastric ulcers (256) were treated in the out-patient clinic. The ulcerous defect of the mucous membrane was covered by the aerosolic film-making glue "Statizol" through a fibroendoscope (about 10 applications of the drug). The method was used in 110 patients after polypectomy in addition to the routine therapeutic treatment given to all the patients. The application of the film-making glue "Statizol" in the complex therapy of peptic ulcers was shown to shorten the period of healing the ulcerous defects, to give less amount of recurrent ulcer diseases (not more than 14.5%) and to be a prophylactic measure against bleedings after polypectomy. PMID- 3486505 TI - [Age-related parameters of vestibulosomatic reactions in healthy persons from data of the rotatory test]. PMID- 3486508 TI - Genetic predisposition to purine uroliths in Dalmatian dogs. AB - Homozygosity for a defective recessive gene results in all Dalmatians having elevated concentrations of urine uric acid and predisposes them to formation of purine uroliths. Why some animals form uroliths and others do not is not known. In a pilot breeding experiment, the incidence of sensorineural deafness among backcrossed, high urine uric acid Dalmatians was significantly higher (probability less than 0.05) than among low urine uric acid siblings. Urine uric acid values for Dalmatians reported in the literature are not likely to be comparable, because uric acid appears to be more likely to precipitate in Dalmatian urine than in the urine of other dogs and man. Heating, alkalinization, and thorough mixing are required whenever specimens are transferred from one container to another or an aliquot is removed for assay. PMID- 3486507 TI - [T and B lymphocyte function of patients with infectious complications after surgery for congenital heart defects]. AB - The parameters of T- and B-lymphocyte system were studied in 65 patients with congenital heart defects aged from 2 to 31 years with infectious complications after operation. The investigation was performed before operation and in the course of the postoperative period. Patients with infectious complications were shown to have more considerable suppression of cell and humoral immunity before operation than those without infectious complications. The parameters concerned were found to be distinctly decreased in the early postoperative period. Two weeks after operation no normalization of the immune parameters were noted. PMID- 3486509 TI - Prevalence of canine uroliths. Minnesota Urolith Center. AB - Uroliths obtained from 839 dogs were evaluated by quantitative methods. Struvite was the most prevalent mineral detected; newberyite, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, sodium and ammonium urate, cystine, and silica were detected much less frequently. Seven per cent of the uroliths had an identifiable nucleus and one or more surrounding layers of different mineral types. Although uroliths were found in all parts of the urinary tract, the urinary bladder was most common. Uroliths of different composition were encountered in a variety of breeds of both sexes and different ages. PMID- 3486510 TI - Urolithiasis. Terms and concepts. AB - Urolithiasis is a general term that encompasses formulation of urinary tract stones as a sequela of one or more underlying abnormalities. A variety of terms have been used to describe the characteristics of uroliths based on mineral composition, location, and/or shape. Knowledge of the origins and meanings of these terms will facilitate understanding of the cause, detection, treatment, and prevention of uroliths. PMID- 3486511 TI - Crystalluria. Observations, interpretations, and misinterpretations. AB - Crystalluria results from oversaturation of urine with crystallogenic substance. However, oversaturation may occur as a result of in vitro as well as in vivo events. The microscopic appearance of crystals only represents a tentative identification of their composition because variable conditions associated with their formation, growth, and dissolution may alter their appearance. Definitive identification is dependent on physical methods such as optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and electron microscopic analysis. PMID- 3486512 TI - Canine cystine urolithiasis. AB - Cystine uroliths form as a result of a complex metabolic disturbance in amino acid metabolism and transport. The inheritance of this disease is obscure because it does not follow a standard mendelian pattern. Uroliths are a vexing clinical problem because the recurrence rate is high. Accurate diagnosis of uroliths requires use of crystallographic methods. The renal defect leading to excessive excretion of cystine is variable. The only effective method of prevention of recurrence is use of D-penicillamine, which is poorly tolerated by some dogs. PMID- 3486514 TI - Biologic behavior of canine uroliths. AB - Canine uroliths may form rapidly or slowly, progressively increase or decrease in size, or become inactive. Associated clinical signs are usually dependent on their locations but may also be influenced by underlying causes. Recurrence of uroliths is unpredictable, being influenced by several variables. Recurrent uroliths are usually, but not invariably, similar in mineral composition to those present during the initial episode. PMID- 3486513 TI - Canine distal renal tubular acidosis and urolithiasis. AB - Distal RTA is characterized by decreased distal renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion, decreased ability to acidify urine, hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, hypocitraturia, and metabolic acidosis. Because of the resulting alterations in urine composition and pH, patients with distal RTA are predisposed to urolithiasis and renal calcification. Diagnosis of distal RTA is important because it is a potentially reversible disorder that, left untreated, may cause nephrocalcinosis, recurrent urolith formation, moderate to severe metabolic acidosis, and renal failure. PMID- 3486515 TI - Methods of analysis of canine uroliths. AB - Accurate analysis of urinary calculi is essential for greater understanding of urinary stone disease and initiation of effective management and preventive measures. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of uroliths are discussed in this article. PMID- 3486516 TI - Comparison of qualitative and quantitative analyses of canine uroliths. AB - A study was performed to compare qualitative test results of canine uroliths with quantitative test results. Qualitative test results were in agreement with quantitative test results in only 96 of 223 specimens (43 per cent). Lack of agreement was caused by false-negative qualitative test results (85 of 223), false-positive qualitative test results (15 of 233), and a combination of false negative and false-positive qualitative test results (27 of 233). This study indicates that the veterinary profession should abandon exclusive use of qualitative chemical test kits for uroliths. PMID- 3486517 TI - Nonsurgical management of canine obstructive urolithopathy. AB - Obstruction to urine outflow is a common complication of urolithiasis. However, varying degrees of recovery of renal function may occur following examination of the cause of obstruction. Therefore, in the absence of conclusive evidence of irreversible dysfunction, one should consider efforts to decompress the urinary tract and to eliminate the cause of obstruction. Nonsurgical methods that may be used for management of obstructive urolithiasis include cystocentesis, palpation, urohydropropulsion, and catheterization. PMID- 3486518 TI - Medical dissolution of canine struvite uroliths. AB - Medical therapy is an effective method of canine struvite urolith dissolution. Recommendations include (1) eradication or control of urinary tract infection (if present), (2) use of calculolytic diets, and (3) administration of urease inhibitors to patients with persistent urinary tract infection caused by urease producing microbes. PMID- 3486519 TI - Dissolution of canine ammonium urate uroliths. AB - Medical therapy that may be effective in promoting dissolution of canine ammonium urate uroliths includes the following: reduction of dietary purines, reduction in in vivo production of uric acid, and alkalinization of urine. PMID- 3486520 TI - Surgical removal of canine uroliths. AB - Surgery is indicated for patients with obstructive uropathy; calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, silica, and perhaps cystine uroliths; uroliths refractory to medical dissolution; nephrolithiasis and progressive renal dysfunction; anatomic defects predisposing to urinary tract infection; and problems precluding medical management. The goals of surgical management include removal of all uroliths while preserving organ function, eliminating partial or complete obstruction to urine outflow, and correction of anatomic abnormalities that predispose the patient to infection and or urolithiasis. PMID- 3486521 TI - Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. AB - Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (106) from bovine mastitis were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. beta-lactamase was produced by 69.8 per cent of isolates and 7.5 per cent were resistant to streptomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration more than 32 micrograms/ml). Resistance to other agents was rare. Intrinsic resistance or tolerance to beta-lactam antibiotics was not found. PMID- 3486522 TI - Limiting dilution analyses for the quantification of cellular immune responses in bovine ostertagiasis. AB - A sensitive limiting dilution analysis (LDA) was used to quantitate the local and systemic cellular immune response of cattle after immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and infection with Ostertagia ostertagi. The assay measures the proliferative response of bovine T-cells after in vitro stimulation with antigen. Interleukin 2 activity was supplied by supernates from mitogen stimulated bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and accessory cell function was in the form of irradiated autologous PBL. The assay measures the response of a single cell and was most easily demonstrated in the lymph nodes draining the site of antigen inoculation. Comparison of cell frequencies and maximal responses generated in conventional proliferative assays showed several differences between the two assays. First, after antigen injection, the highest cell frequencies were seen in the draining lymph nodes within 3 days, and decreased by 10 days post immunization. In contrast, in mass cultures maximal stimulation was not seen until 7-10 days after injection, but remained high up to 4 weeks after immunization. Second, at 17 days post-infection, a time of eruption of the parasite from the gastric glands, high frequencies of inducible cells were demonstrated by LDA in all lymphoid populations tested. In contrast, low levels of proliferation were seen in mass cultures. The reasons for these differences may include different sensitivities to suppression or more stringent requirements for specificity between the two assays. Finally, it was found that immunologically naive calves have relatively high frequencies of Ostertagia specific cells in PBL, and that after infection these frequencies decrease. These results indicate either active suppression of the potential anti-Ostertagia response or an extra-vascularization of these cells to the site of infection. PMID- 3486523 TI - "The toxic shot syndrome". PMID- 3486524 TI - [Dynamics of the clinical, biochemical and immunologic indices of rheumatoid arthritis patients during bitemporal exposure to an ultrahigh frequency (27, 12 MHz) electrical field]. PMID- 3486525 TI - [Structuro-functional characteristics of the T- and B-systems of immunity in response to decimeter waves in the region of the thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands]. PMID- 3486526 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the treatment of chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 3486527 TI - [Dynamics of the immunity indices in protracted pneumonias]. PMID- 3486528 TI - [Use of hemosorption in disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 3486529 TI - [Thymus secretory function of diffuse neurodermatitis patients]. PMID- 3486530 TI - [Results of research on the nonspecific body adaptation reactions of patients undergoing radon therapy]. PMID- 3486531 TI - Neutropenia induced by short-term oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy; case report. PMID- 3486532 TI - Selective induction and inhibition of the components of 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activity in the rat. AB - Treatment of rats with 3-methylcholanthrene increased Vmax of the high-affinity component of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity 60-fold. There was also an increase in Vmax of the low-affinity component. Treatment with phenobarbitone increased Vmax of the high-affinity component six-fold whilst not affecting the Km of this component. Modest changes were also observed in the kinetics of the low-affinity component. Following treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, the sensitivity of both the high- and low-affinity components of activity to inhibition by alpha-naphthoflavone was considerably increased, with the IC50 decreasing from greater than 250 microM to less than 10 microM in both instances. Following treatment with phenobarbitone, the sensitivity of the low-affinity component to inhibition by metyrapone was considerably increased, with the IC50 decreasing from greater than 1000 microM to 96 microM. There was also a modest, but significant, increase in sensitivity of the high-affinity component to metyrapone. These results indicate that both components of 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activity are catalysed by more than one form of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3486533 TI - [Heart valve surgery only after heart catheter study?]. AB - Recently British authors have postulated that in potential candidates for valvular surgery cardiac catheterization can be reserved for a minority of selected situations: when there is discrepancy between clinical and echocardiographic findings, when there is clinical evidence of a diseased ascending aorta and when there is clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease. In order that this manner of proceeding can be generally accepted two basic requirements must be fulfilled: First, in the majority of valvular patients, clinical examination and non-invasive tests including echocardiography, Doppler and radionuclide investigations should be sufficiently reliable not only to make a correct diagnosis but also to assess correctly the severity of the valvular lesion; second, the presence of significant coronary artery stenoses which would render necessary coronary artery bypass grafting in addition to valvular surgery would have to be excluded unequivocally by non-invasive means. In most instances severe valvular stenoses are correctly assessed by non-invasive means although misinterpretations may occur, such as in elderly patients with depressed cardiac output. In patients with moderately severe stenoses decision making based on non invasive measurements as to whether valvular surgery should be carried out or not is much more difficult because of the limited accuracy of the non-invasive determination of valvular area (2D-echo) or pressure gradient (Doppler). Isolated massive valvular regurgitations can be quantitated by radionuclide angiography. Less severe regurgitations in combined lesions and regurgitations across both the mitral and the aortic valves however, cannot be quantitated by these techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486534 TI - [Peripartal mortality in an autopsy sample of the Pathologic Institute of the Department of Medicine of the Karl Marx University in Leipzig 1960-1982]. AB - Between 1960 and 1982 we have autopsied 88 cases of peripartal mortality in the pathological institute of the department of medicine, Karl-Marx-University of Leipzig. According to the legal instruction in the GDR we have subdivided in direct and indirect peripartal death cases (direct and indirect relation between maternal mortality and pregnancy). We have compared both the groups (1960-1969, 1970-1982) and have found: The number of cases with indirect and direct relation between maternal mortality and pregnancy is decreased markedly in the second time period. The composition within the two time groups is very different in respect to the cause of the mortality: Between 1960 and 1969 amnioticfluid embolism, thromboembolism and air embolism, furthermore preeclampsia and their consequences as well as hemorrhages sub partu and postpartum could be found. In the second time group the most frequent causes of peripartal mortality are the different forms of embolism and preeclampsia, but then cases with a indirect relation between mortality and pregnancy with diseases of the cardiopulmonary system and of the kidneys. PMID- 3486536 TI - [T- and B-systems of immunity in neurorheumatism]. AB - The body immune system was studied in 98 neurorheumatic patients and 40 healthy children, using methods of lymphocyte blast transformation. T-rosette formation, the complement consumption reaction and lymphocyte agglutination. Antigens were presented by phytohemagglutinin and aqueous saline extracts prepared from brain, heart, liver and kidney tissues. Neurorheumatism was shown to be attended by a deficit in T-immunity system which was expressed in a reduced functional activity and decreased amounts of circulating T-lymphocytes. Elevated titres of cerebral and cardiac antibodies directly correlated with the disease severity. The detection of lymphocytes sensitized to cerebral and cardiac antigens in the patients' blood reflected the activity of the cellular autoimmunity. Examination of the T- and B-systems revealed deviations from normal already at the earliest stages of process activity. PMID- 3486535 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from healthy children and from patients with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. AB - The comparative biochemical and serological characterization of 424 H. influenzae strains isolated from healthy children and patients with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases is presented. As the result of biotyping H. influenzae strains, 82.3-90.9% of the strains isolated from both healthy children and patients with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases were found to belong to the first three biotypes according to M. Kilian's classification. Among H. influenzae strains isolated from healthy children no capsular variants were detected in the coagglutination test. From patients with acute and chronic diseases of respiratory organs, as a rule, the capsular variants of H. influenzae were isolated (94.4% and 98.1%, respectively). In patients with chronic pneumonia biotypes I, II and III, more seldom biotype V, proved to be mo st invasive. In the determination of the minimum inhibiting concentration of ampicillin, no H. influenzae strains resistant to this antibiotic were detected. PMID- 3486537 TI - [Topographo-anatomic basis of the translabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal and the cerebellopontile angle]. AB - Microanatomical study of temporal bone structures and modelling of the translabyrinthine approach (70 specimens) showed that the approach provides extradural access to the internal acoustic meatus and cerebellopontine angle without injury to the nerve structures by stage-by-stage removal of the bony structures of the petrous part of the temporal bone. With this approach the dura mater covering the posterior surface of the internal acoustic meatus can be exposed for its entire length as well as an area of the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa. The authors revealed considerable variations in the position of temporal bone structures which are the boundaries of the operative field and in the possible microsurgical manipulations in the translabyrinthine approach and removal of the tumor. PMID- 3486539 TI - [Surgical treatment of the locomotor system in hemorrhagic conditions]. PMID- 3486540 TI - [Rheumatologic vademecum for orthopedic surgery. 3]. PMID- 3486538 TI - [Rehabilitative therapy after removal of parasagittal meningiomas]. AB - A complex of restorative treatment measures applied for promoting the process of motor function restoration in patients who underwent removal of parasagittal meningiomas includes drug therapy, physiotherapy, and therapeutic exercises. The lapse of time after the operation and the specific features of the motor defect must be taken into account. The suggested complex was used in 87 patients. Motor activity was restored in 23 patients completely and to a satisfactory degree in 49 patients. The causes of poor outcomes are analysed. Optimum rehabilitation of neurosurgical patients can be achieved only with complex and stage-by-stage restorative treatment. PMID- 3486541 TI - Morphological studies on plasma cell differentiation induced by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain in human peripheral blood B-lymphocytes. PMID- 3486542 TI - Effect of colony-promoting activity on granulopoiesis in mice. PMID- 3486545 TI - Microphotometric analysis of Hodgkin's disease in comparison with adult T cell lymphoma. AB - In order to achieve a clear distinction between Hodgkin's disease (HD) and peripheral T cell lymphomas, a microphotometric analysis was made on 5 micron thick sections, by illustrating a nuclear density scattergram (NDS) and a superimposed DNA histogram (S-DNA H) which was composed of cell populations by nuclear size versus DNA content. HD cells (including mononuclear cells, Reed Sternberg's cells, and lacunar cells) showed the oblique zonal cluster (OZC) on the NDS, indicating their proliferative ability. In particular, the small HD cells in lymphocytic depletion (LD) meant their high proliferation. The lymphocytes among HD cells showed an euploid diploid pattern. The HD cells of the borderline cases, having lymphocytes with twisted or distorted nuclei, proliferated with higher and wider ploidy than the HD cells in LD. The population of HD cells in the borderline cases was much larger than that of the HD cell-like cells in adult T cell lymphoma (ATL), pleomorphic type. The distorted lymphocytes fall in the euploid diploid range and had smaller nuclei than the medium-sized neoplastic T cells in ATL. PMID- 3486544 TI - Effect of erythromycin on adenoid bacteria. AB - Seventy-eight patients with secretory otitis media were given erythromycin ethylsuccinate 50 mg/kg/day, divided into 2 doses, for 7-8 days before undergoing adenoidectomy and tympanostomy. Nasopharyngeal swabs for bacterial culture were obtained before medication and at surgery and the adenoid homogenate was also studied for bacteria. Pneumococci and Branhamella strains became significantly reduced, while Hemophilus influenzae showed no change. Pneumococcus and Branhamella strains partially returned one month after surgery and in part were found in patients who had not had these strains before antimicrobial therapy. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate can sterilize neither the adenoids nor the middle ear space if the causative agent is Hemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3486543 TI - Effects of trichloroethylene on the human vestibulo-oculomotor system. AB - Ten healthy volunteers were subjected to a vestibulo-oculomotor test battery before, during and 1 hour after trichloroethylene exposure. The concentration of trichloroethylene in inspiratory air was 32-78 ppm (176-429 mg/m3). The concentration of trichloroethylene in venous blood was followed throughout the experiment. The mean pulmonary uptake was estimated. Each test person was also subjected to a control experiment, breathing air free of trichloroethylene. A decreased ability to visually suppress the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex during sinusoidal stimulation was noticed during trichloroethylene exposure. One hour after exposure the test subjects showed a decreased maximum velocity of the voluntary saccade and a decreased ability to follow a sinusoidally moving target. PMID- 3486546 TI - Effects of naloxone on dental pain threshold following muscle exercise and low frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation: a comparative study in man. AB - Previous studies have shown that muscle exercise and low frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) give rise to an analgesic effect in humans and animals. Endorphin has been proposed to mediate this analgesia. In this investigation, the effect of muscle exercise and low frequency TNS, on dental pain thresholds was studied and the possible involvement of endorphinergic mechanisms was investigated using naloxone as an antagonist. Dental pain thresholds were measured in 11 volunteers following leg or arm exercise and after low frequency TNS of the hands or face. After exercise (20 min) or stimulation (30 min) either 0.8 mg naloxone (2 ml) or saline (2 ml) was injected i.v. in a double-blind fashion. Pain thresholds were measured repetitively before and after exercise or stimulation. Both leg and arm exercise increased pain threshold. Stimulation of the hands also increased pain threshold, but less than arm exercise. A marked increase in pain threshold was seen after face stimulation. These changes in pain threshold were unaffected following injections of either naloxone or saline, except for an early and short-lasting reduction when naloxone was injected following arm exercise. The increases in pain threshold following muscle exercise and after low frequency TNS, showed similarities suggesting that a common mechanism might be involved. The pain threshold increase after arm exercise could only be partially mediated by endorphinergic mechanisms. PMID- 3486547 TI - Trends in depression and anxiety: men and women. AB - Recent reports from four longitudinal studies indicate that the epidemiology of depression and anxiety in general populations may have changed over the third quarter of this century. In each of two studies in the United States, one in Canada, and one in Sweden, more women than men at mid-century were found to have experienced depression and/or anxiety. By the end of the quarter, women and men in a few to several age groups were more equal in this regard than they had been earlier. In each study, interpretation was offered to the effect that social and historical changes may have contributed to these epidemiologic trends. The four studies are reviewed, and it is suggested that the findings deserve attention as generating hypotheses for further research. PMID- 3486548 TI - Socio-demographic factors of depressive illness among Nigerians. AB - The socio-demographic characteristics of 142 depressive patients seen for the first time at the Psychiatric Hospital, Enugu, were studied. Females (55%) outnumbered males (45%). While depressive neurosis occurred more commonly in those under 30 years of age, manic-depressive psychosis (MDP) depression was commoner among those over 30. Married status was commoner among female MDP depressives, but there was no significant difference regarding marital status among those with depressive neurosis. MDP depression occurred more often among rural dwellers while depressive neurosis was diagnosed more often among urban dwellers. Although the majority of patients had a low level of education, there were a significant number of students and housewives among those with depressive neurosis. The probable socio-cultural factors responsible for the observed differences are discussed. A suggestion is made for a central control and monitoring of all available alternative forms of treatment (orthodox, novel, traditional and spiritual) for a better mental health delivery. PMID- 3486550 TI - The Skaraborg hypertension project. I. The prevalence of hypertension. AB - The prevalence of hypertension in the age group 40-69 in the County of Skaraborg, Sweden (265000 inhabitants) was estimated using diagnostic criteria commonly accepted in Sweden in recent years. The prevalence was higher than expected (16%) and most of the patients (80%) were previously identified and undergoing treatment. The quantitative aspect of hypertension was even more impressive in the ages above 69 years. Eighteen per cent of the men and 33% of the women aged 75 years were on antihypertensive medication. An unexpectedly large proportion of the population had a borderline pressure requiring further follow-up (16%). It is concluded that quantitative aspects must be taken into consideration when planning hypertension care and deciding diagnostic criteria. PMID- 3486549 TI - Schizophrenia in Denmark. Incidence and utilization of psychiatric institutions. AB - All first admitted in 1972 to Danish psychiatric institutions diagnosed schizophrenics at least once until September 1983 (310 males and 277 females) are followed up. The incidence of schizophrenics diagnosed at their first admission is 7.8 males and 3.4 females/100,000 inhabitants and when those diagnosed as schizophrenics only at a later admission are included the incidence is correspondingly 15.0 and 8.7. The number of in-patient days is highest in the first year and stabilizes at a lower level in the last 7 to 8 years of the follow up. The patients spent proportionately more days in mental hospitals than in psychiatric departments in general hospitals. Hebephrenic schizophrenics predominate in mental hospitals. Schizophrenics diagnosed during their first admission spent 19.5% of the 10-year follow-up period in institutions, while schizophrenics diagnosed during a later admission spent 17.4% (NS). Males spent 19.7% of the 10-year follow-up period in institutions, females 16.0% (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3486551 TI - The Skaraborg hypertension project. III. Influence on blood pressure of a medical care program for hypertension. AB - Aiming at a better control of hypertension, a medical care program including nurse-run outpatient hypertension clinics was implemented in one half of the County of Skaraborg (265000 inhabitants), the other half forming a control area. The program was evaluated during a 5-year trial. Among patients registered and followed up for a minimum of one year (n = 2806), systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly, regardless of the patients' status of treatment prior to admission to the clinics. A baseline and a terminal population study revealed an increasing effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension in the study area. A consistent difference (mean 8/5 mmHg) was found in average blood pressure between patients treated at the hypertension clinics and patients treated in regular care. It is concluded that the medical care program increased the effectiveness of care and that this was due to the program organization. PMID- 3486553 TI - [Abnormal visuovestibular interaction in congenital jerky nystagmus]. PMID- 3486552 TI - Lack of association between hemochromatosis and alpha-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency of phenotype PiZ and idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) predispose to the development of cirrhosis and liver cell carcinoma. Several reports have suggested an association between these two inborn errors. To elucidate this question we used a monoclonal antibody against the PiZ gentic variant of AAT to analyze and compare the PiZ gene frequency in an area (county of Jamtland in Central Sweden) with a high, and another area (the city of Malmo in Southern Sweden) with a low IH prevalence. The PiZ gene frequencies did not differ between the areas. We also analyzed sera from 27 unrelated adult males with hemochromatosis diagnosed in the high IH area for the presence of the PiZ gene product but none was a carrier of the PiZ allele. These findings strongly refute any association between. AAT deficiency and IH. PMID- 3486554 TI - [Modified Kitahara's method of analysis of Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test using sine curve approximation]. PMID- 3486555 TI - [Determining a standard for the diagnosis of blue-yellow defects in the F-M 100 hue test]. PMID- 3486556 TI - MRI of the female pelvis: a review. AB - MRI of the female pelvis offers a unique display of pelvic anatomy. On the T2 weighted images, uterine zonal anatomy and temporal changes under hormonal stimuli are well displayed. Benign and malignant uterine neoplasms are accurately demonstrated. However, tumor type cannot be diagnosed. In the staging of endometrial and cervical carcinoma, MRI offers distinct advantages over sonography and/or CT. The main advantages are the abilities to depict tumor and to provide great tissue contrast between the tumor and surrounding normal tissue. In the evaluation of ovarian tumors, experience with MRI is still limited. This is only the beginning of the clinical applications of MRI. Much more work needs to be done to explore fully the value of this versatile and powerful technique. PMID- 3486557 TI - MRI of pulmonary airspace disease: experimental model and preliminary clinical results. AB - To evaluate the potential of MRI for differentiating the various causes of pulmonary consolidation, 16 patients with known airspace diseases were imaged, and T1 and T2 values were determined. Substantial overlap was encountered between different diagnostic groups of T1 and T2 mapping, although alveolar proteinosis was notable for its low T1 value. In addition, a gelatin phantom simulating consolidation with varying degrees of residual aeration was constructed and tested, demonstrating that the degree of aeration did not influence the T1 and T2 values measured. PMID- 3486558 TI - Elliptical cricoid cartilage: a unique type of congenital subglottic stenosis. AB - An elliptically shaped cricoid cartilage, a specific type of congenital subglottic stenosis, is described, and the laryngoscopic and radiographic findings in three cases are discussed. An "hourglass" deformity of the subglottic laryngeal airway on an anteroposterior airway radiograph is suggestive of this diagnosis. PMID- 3486559 TI - Staging rectal cancer by MR and CT. AB - Sixteen patients with known rectal cancer were evaluated and staged with CT and MR, and at surgery. Detailed evaluation of the pathologic specimens was performed and correlated with CT and MR to determine the accuracy of staging. Most of the cases were advanced stages, and both CT and MR were equally effective in staging. Prone positioning using an air-distension technique was equally important for CT and MR examinations. Because of a positive contrast material (iodine), adequate CT examinations could be performed without prior bowel preparation; however, bowel cleansing was necessary for MR examinations. Both techniques could identify the primary tumor and invasion into perirectal fat and local organs. Neither CT nor MR were able to assess the extent of bowel-wall infiltration or tumor spread to normal size perirectal lymph nodes. PMID- 3486561 TI - Staging of bladder carcinoma: MRI-CT-surgical correlation. AB - Eleven patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were examined with spin-echo MRI using a superconductive magnet operating at a field strength of 0.35 T. MRI results were compared with the CT findings in 10 of the patients. All subjects later underwent radical cystectomy including pelvic lymph-node dissection. MRI accuracy for staging was 64% using the TNM classification and 73% by the Jewett-Strong-Marshall system while CT accuracy was 40%. MRI provided improved demonstration of tumor invasion of perivesical fat planes, prostate, and seminal vesicles and greater anatomic detail was afforded by direct sagittal and coronal views. PMID- 3486560 TI - CT in the management of periappendiceal abscess. AB - Abdominal CT was the primary diagnostic method used to evaluate 40 patients with suspected periappendiceal abscess. Its subsequent impact on patient management was then analyzed for several categories of clinical presentation, including patients with and without a palpable right-lower-quadrant mass and postoperative patients. CT was reliable in distinguishing periappendiceal abscesses from phlegmons; 17 of 18 patients with phlegmons responded promptly to antibiotic therapy alone without need for surgery. Patients with larger, poorly localized abscesses underwent early surgical drainage. CT was successful in guiding percutaneous catheter drainage (nine patients) or aspiration (one patient) of well-localized periappendiceal abscesses in 10 of 11 patients. One attempted catheter drainage guided by sonography was technically unsuccessful. In patients without a palpable right-lower-quadrant mass, CT was helpful in establishing the diagnosis of periappendiceal inflammation. However, there were three false positive diagnoses in patients with pericecal fluid collections including a ruptured cecal lymphoma, a ruptured cecal diverticulum, and a ruptured corpus luteum cyst. A diagnostic approach with CT is presented in patients with suspected periappendiceal abscess. PMID- 3486562 TI - Residual masses after successful chemotherapy for testicular carcinoma. PMID- 3486563 TI - CT scanning of the foot and ankle: 1. Normal anatomy. PMID- 3486564 TI - CT scanning of the foot and ankle: 2. Clinical applications and review of the literature. PMID- 3486565 TI - MRI of joint fluid in the normal and ischemic hip. AB - MR images in 36 hips with documented avascular necrosis and 80 hips without evidence of joint disease were studied to determine the amount and appearance of fluid in the joint. All MRI examinations were done on a 1.5-T machine and included coronal images made with relative T2 weighting (repetition times = 2000 2500 msec, echo delays = 60-100 msec). The amount of joint fluid, which had an intense signal higher than fat, was graded from 0 to 3 and analyzed with respect to the patient's age and radiographic stage of avascular necrosis. Joint fluid was seen in 84% of presumed normal hips. Only four (5%) of 80 had enough fluid to surround the femoral neck (grade 2), and none had sufficient fluid to distend the joint capsule (grade 3). In comparison, 21 (58%) of 36 hips with avascular necrosis had grade-2 or grade-3 effusions (p less than 0.005), and some fluid was seen in all. Grade-3 effusions were seen in seven (50%) of 14 hips with flattening of the femoral head, compared with only one (5%) of 20 in which the femoral contour was normal. It is concluded that small amounts of fluid are present in both normal hips and those with avascular necrosis. In avascular necrosis, increased joint fluid may be present before radiographic abnormalities occur, but it is greatest after there is flattening of the femoral head. MRI is a highly sensitive method for detecting fluid in the hip joint. PMID- 3486566 TI - Hip changes in spastic cerebral palsy. AB - Radiographs of the hips of 69 patients with cerebral palsy were evaluated for the angle of Wiberg, acetabular angle, degree of subluxation, shape of the femoral head, and, when the appropriate studies had been performed, anteversion and neck shaft angles. Abnormalities included various degrees of superior lateral subluxation or dislocation, dysplasia of the acetabulum associated with femoral head displacement, flattening of the medial and/or lateral portions of the femoral head, an increase in the anteversion angle, functional increase in the neck-shaft angle, and, in long-standing cases, secondary degenerative joint disease and pseudoarticulation. Neuromuscular imbalances and abnormal ambulation caused by cerebral palsy change the biomechanical forces on the hip and result in characteristic osseous changes. Recognition and proper treatment of these changes can significantly alter the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 3486568 TI - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: radiographic appearance of the neonatal chest. AB - The chest radiographs of 26 newborns treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for intractable respiratory failure were reviewed. The typical radiographic appearance of the lungs in these patients is that of diffuse pulmonary opacification with variable volume loss. Air bronchograms and patchy basilar atelectasis are also common findings. Generally, decreasing ECMO requirements were reflected in improving chest radiographs with radiographic improvement lagging behind clinical improvement. Of 167 chest radiographs available for evaluation, 105 (62.8%) reflected changes in ECMO flow rates. Radiographs in patients with individual diagnoses of hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration syndrome and sepsis showed the best correlation with clinical improvement (95 [69%] of 137 radiographs). Those obtained in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn alone showed the poorest correlation (10 [30%] of 30 of radiographs). Neither the absolute degree of radiographic abnormality nor degree of radiographic improvement correlated well with ECMO requirements. Initial radiographs were useful in confirming the position of bypass cannulae and respiratory tubes. Routine daily examinations did not reveal unexpected abnormalities. However, radiographs taken during periods of increased ECMO requirements due to patent ductus arteriosus or volume overload showed worsening lung opacification. PMID- 3486569 TI - MRI of dissection of the aorta: recognition of the intimal tear and differential flow velocities. PMID- 3486567 TI - MRI of angiographically occult vascular malformations. AB - Eleven patients with 15 angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). Five patients had biopsy proof; six were clinically diagnosed from the long-term clinical follow-up (more than 3 years) and imaging features. Of the 15 lesions, 11 were recognized by both CT and MR. Each method was falsely negative for two lesions. The most useful contribution of MR in the characterization of angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations was the depiction of hemorrhagic foci in 12 of 13 lesions seen on MR. High-attenuation foci indicative of hematomas were seen in only five lesions on CT; the rest were iso- or hypoattenuating. CT detected two very small lesions, in one case as punctate foci of enhancement and in the other as punctate calcification, that were not seen with MR. MR complements CT in characterizing angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations and in distinguishing them from similar-appearing lesions, in particular, small neoplasms. However, when such lesions are seen with only focal calcification and subtle enhancement on CT, routine MR may miss them. PMID- 3486570 TI - CT evaluation of retroperitoneal hemorrhage associated with femoral arteriography. AB - CT was used to assess retroperitoneal hemorrhagic complications temporally related to femoral artery catheterization in eight patients. In six patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by an angiographic complication, CT showed a high-density soft-tissue mass originating at the inguinal vessels and extending into the ipsilateral retroperitoneal spaces. In the other two patients, CT not only excluded significant bleeding from the catheterized vessel but determined an alternative diagnosis (hematoma secondary to anticoagulation and pneumatosis intestinalis due to ischemic bowel). CT findings prompted surgery in three patients. PMID- 3486571 TI - Society for Pediatric Radiology John Caffey Award. MR appearance of blood and blood products: an in vitro study. AB - There are conflicting reports on the appearance of blood and blood clot as seen in the human body by MRI. This study was designed to show the in vitro MR signal intensity of human blood products in the fresh state and to evaluate the serial MRI changes that occur over time (2 weeks). T1 relaxation times were also measured. Anticoagulated whole blood, plasma, serum, white blood cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, lysed red cells, red cell concentrates, and blood clot were studied. The results show that plasma and serum have similar T1 values, as do lysed and intact erythrocytes. T1 of serum and plasma rose initially and then fell with the aging of the samples. T1 of red blood cells, clot, and packed red blood cells decreased for the first 48 hr and then remained constant for 7 days before increasing to the initial values by 2 weeks. Platelets and white blood cells had little influence on the MR image. However, temperature had a significant effect on T1 and signal intensity. In vivo clots are complex mixtures of whole clot, lysing clot, serum, and plasma influenced in various ways by the adjacent normal or diseased tissues. The chemical and physical properties of the mixture change constantly. Because of the clot's complex nature, determining the age of a hematoma from the appearance of clots on the MR image may not be possible. PMID- 3486573 TI - Incompatibility of Hexabrix and papaverine. PMID- 3486572 TI - Acute thrombocytopenia induced by parenteral radiographic contrast medium. PMID- 3486574 TI - Personal computers: their use in a low-volume imaging department. PMID- 3486575 TI - Comparing costs and efficacy of MRI. PMID- 3486576 TI - CT discriminators of malignant from benign adrenal masses. PMID- 3486577 TI - Percutaneous Kimray-Greenfield filter placement. PMID- 3486578 TI - Barium suspension viscosity. PMID- 3486579 TI - Pica: an overview. AB - Pica is the persistent, compulsive ingestion of food or nonfood substances. It is a worldwide problem that has no barriers of age, race, sex or geographic region. Its high prevalence in the United States is largely unrecognized. Causes and risk factors for pica are not well established, although mineral deficiencies and culturally ingrained food preferences play a role. For diagnosis, pica must be suspected and sought. Physicians must be aware that pica can be cured and that prevention can be lifesaving. PMID- 3486580 TI - Nine cases of torsade de pointes with bepridil administration. PMID- 3486581 TI - Etiology and clinical significance of new fascicular conduction defects following coronary bypass surgery. AB - Two hundred consecutive patients undergoing only coronary bypass surgery were studied. Forty-five patients (group A) developed new fascicular conduction blocks and 155 patients (group B) did not. The 45 patients in group A developed the following fascicular conduction blocks: right bundle branch block 47%, right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock 8%, right bundle branch block and first-degree atrioventricular block 2%, left anterior hemiblock 11%, left bundle branch block 18%, right bundle branch block-left anterior hemiblock and first degree atrioventricular block 5%. There were no significant differences in sex, incidence of diabetes, number of grafts performed, ejection fraction (less than 55%), and perioperative infarction. Group A patients were older (p less than 0.01). Hypertension was found frequently in group A (27 vs 45 patients; p less than 0.01) and was present for a mean of 12.4 years in group A and 4.9 years in group B (p less than 0.01). Preoperative use of digitalis was found in 14 (31%) patients in group A and in 18 (12%) patients in group B (p less than 0.01). Twenty-one (47%) patients in group A had significant disease (greater than 70%) of the left main coronary artery as compared to 17 (10.9%) in group B (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in the recurrence of angina or the survival rate at 14 months. In conclusion, the incidence of new fascicular conduction block after bypass surgery is 22.5%. Long-standing hypertension, left main coronary disease, and the preoperative use of digitalis appear to be predisposing factors. New fascicular conduction block does not affect prognosis. PMID- 3486582 TI - Echocardiographic features of a purulent pericardial peel. PMID- 3486583 TI - Direct effects of smoking on the heart: silent ischemic disturbances of coronary flow. AB - Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with ischemic heart disease and acute coronary events. The effect of smoking a single cigarette on regional myocardial perfusion was studied in 13 chronic smokers with typical stable angina pectoris using positron emission tomography and rubidium-82 (82Rb). Findings were compared with the effects of physical exercise. After exercise, 8 patients (61%) had angina, ST depression and abnormal regional myocardial perfusion. Uptake of 82Rb increased from 49 +/- 8 to 60 +/- 7 in remote myocardium, but decreased from 46 +/- 3 to 37 +/- 5 in an ischemic area. The remaining 5 patients (39%) had homogeneous increases in 82Rb uptake without angina or ST depression. After smoking, 6 of the 8 patients with positive exercise test responses had a decrease in 82Rb uptake, from 47 +/- 3 to 35 +/- 6 in the same segment of myocardium affected during exercise. However, in contrast to exercise, the events during smoking were largely silent. The absolute decreases in regional 82Rb uptake after smoking occurred at significantly lower levels of myocardial oxygen demand than after exercise. This suggests that an impairment of coronary blood supply is responsible. Thus, in smokers with coronary artery disease, each cigarette can cause profound silent disturbances of regional myocardial perfusion that are likely to occur frequently during daily life. Such repeated insults may represent an important mechanism linking smoking with coronary events. PMID- 3486584 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of Burkitt's type (L3 ALL) with 8;22 and 14;18 translocations and absent surface immunoglobulins. AB - A 57-year-old woman presented with L3 acute lymphoblastic leukemia demonstrating typical Burkitt's type morphology. Cytogenetic analysis revealed one of the variant translocations seen in Burkitt's lymphoma [t(8;22)] and a 14;18 translocation. Surface marker data at presentation and at autopsy demonstrated several B-cell markers, but absent surface immunoglobulins. The case presented here reveals a possible cytogenetic link between Burkitt's lymphoma and follicular center-cell lymphoma, and illustrates a variant surface marker profile for Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 3486585 TI - Physicians and the law. PMID- 3486586 TI - DTP vaccine litigation. AB - Information provided by the three commercial manufacturers of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTP vaccine) indicates a striking increase in the number of lawsuits filed against them alleging damage caused by the vaccine. Only one such case was filed in 1978, whereas 73 were filed in 1984. During the seven-year period from 1978 to 1984, the average amount claimed per suit has risen from $10 million to $46.5 million. If the current trend continues, suits will pose an increasing threat to the availability of DTP vaccines in the United States. PMID- 3486587 TI - Rectal involvement by carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 3486588 TI - Diffuse colonic varices: an uncommon cause of intestinal bleeding. AB - Varices of the colon are uncommon and when present they are usually segmental. The cause of these segmental varices is usually portal hypertension. Diffuse variceal involvement of the colon is even more uncommon and up until now the two cases described in the literature have had an idiopathic etiology. We describe herein the third such case, while pointing out that the diffuseness implies an unknown cause. PMID- 3486589 TI - Dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, and blood pressure. AB - The cross-sectional association of systolic blood pressure with dietary sodium, calcium, and potassium, as estimated from dietary histories, was investigated by multiple regression analysis of data gathered in the Netherlands in the early 1950s in a general health examination of 2,291 middle-aged civil servants and spouses of civil servants. A statistically significant negative trend with systolic blood pressure was seen for calcium intake in both males and females, even after adjustments for covariates. For sodium and potassium intake, the observed negative trends were not significant after multivariate analyses. In addition, no consistent associations were found between diastolic blood pressure and the micronutrients after multivariate analyses, except for a significant negative association with calcium intake in females. In this study population, blood pressure was a strong independent risk factor of total mortality: 15- and 25-year mortality was about twice as high for hypertensives (greater than or equal to 160 mmHg) as for normotensives (less than 160 mmHg). These findings support the conclusion in recent epidemiologic studies that higher intakes of calcium are associated with lower systolic blood pressure, and they extend the evidence to an earlier time period. PMID- 3486590 TI - Intra- and interindividual variability in sodium intake in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency. AB - To elucidate patterns of dietary sodium ingestion in free-living subjects, we collected 26 consecutive 24-hour urine specimens in 18 subjects who had not received instructions to limit the sodium content of their diets, and who were not aware that sodium intake would be estimated from the collections. Nine subjects with plasma creatinine values less than 2 mg/dL had a mean 24-hour UNaV of 156 mEq/d, with an interindividual variability of SD +/- 38 mEq. Their intraindividual variability was 61 mEq. Nine subjects with creatinine values greater than 2 mg/dL had a mean 24-hour UNaV of 108 mEq/d (P less than 0.05). The intraindividual variability of these subjects was 39 mEq/d. Subjects with normal renal function ingested more sodium than subjects with renal insufficiency, although the variability in both groups was extensive. These data confirm and extend earlier observations and illustrate the difficulty in identifying biologic correlations in the presence of considerable intraindividual variability. They underscore the futility of estimating mean dietary sodium intake with a single or occasional 24-hour urine collection in both normal subjects and patients with renal insufficiency. PMID- 3486592 TI - Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Many types of cells are activated and transformed in rheumatoid synovium, thereby contributing to amplification of the disease process. The immune response in rheumatoid arthritis is probably initiated by an antigen, although there is some evidence that anticollagen antibodies develop in response to tissue destruction, after rheumatoid arthritis has evolved clinically. Early inflammation in the synovium is characterized by a striking vascular proliferation, occurring in response to angiogenesis factors released by activated macrophages. Generalized activation of macrophages and lymphocytes typical of the immune reaction in the synovium generates antibody production, including production of rheumatoid factor. Data suggest that immune complexes deposited within cartilage attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which then release enzymes onto the cartilage surface. Many products of inflammation act as mediators, driving proliferation of synovial cells. Stellate cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts have been found along the pannus/cartilage junction; by various interactions, these contribute to destruction of cartilage and bone. PMID- 3486591 TI - T-lymphocytes with 7;14 translocations: frequency of occurrence, breakpoints, and clinical and biological significance. AB - Among 11,915 consecutive patients and 37 normal controls who had chromosome analysis at the Mayo Clinic between 1978 and 1984, 83 had a single sporadic metaphase with a 7;14 translocation. In 81 of the translocations, the breakpoints were at 14q11 and either 7q34 (type I) or 7p13 (type II): type I translocations occurred in 42 patients, and type II, in 39. The two other translocations had different breakpoints: one was t(7;14)(q11;q32), and the other was t(7;14)(p13;q32). All type I and type II translocations occurred in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures; their combined incidence was 4.88 X 10(-4) per metaphase (81 of 165,991 metaphases) in such cultures. No type I or II translocation was found among 6,713 fibroblast metaphases, 33,463 amniocyte metaphases, or 68,972 bone marrow and unstimulated peripheral blood metaphases. One variant 7;14 translocation occurred in a phytohemagglutinin stimulated culture, and the other occurred in a fibroblast culture. We did not find a correlation of sporadic 7;14 translocations with any month or season of the year or with patient age or sex. Of the 83 patients, 78 had various clinical disorders, three had ataxia-telangiectasia, one was a normal control, and one was an artificial insemination donor. Follow-up studies on 64 (77%) patients indicate that, to date, none have developed any malignant process subsequent to chromosome analysis. Except for ataxia-telangiectasia, the occurrence of types I and II translocations in lymphocyte cultures may have little, if any, clinical significance. The biological significance of these translocations may be the association of genes in chromosome bands 14q11, 7p13, and 7q34 with the normal physiology of lymphocytes such as the alpha- and beta-chains for T-cell antigen receptor. PMID- 3486593 TI - Character and causes of transient myocardial ischemia during daily life. Implications for treatment of patients with coronary disease. AB - Measures of the severity of angina pectoris, coronary anatomy, and left ventricular function are widely used to assess prognosis and determine management in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, recent evidence suggests that myocardial ischemia, with or without angina, is also a reliable prognostic sign. Studies using ambulatory ST-segment monitoring of patients with chronic stable angina out of the hospital have shown that the majority of episodes of transient myocardial ischemia are silent and surprisingly prolonged. Most episodes occur without the increase in heart rate noted during physical exertion. Characteristic abnormalities of regional myocardial perfusion have been observed using positron tomography during both painful and painless episodes of ischemia. Among these abnormalities is an absolute reduction in the perfusion to the poststenotic ischemic segment of myocardium. Episodes of ischemia can be induced in the hospital by a number of ordinary daily activities, including mental stress, cold, and cigarette smoking, and they often resemble episodes recorded from patients out of the hospital. These observations suggest that both an increased myocardial demand and a reduction in coronary blood flow may be important in the genesis of ischemia out of the hospital. If prospective studies confirm that myocardial ischemia is damaging, even in the absence of angina, investigation and treatment policies may need to be reevaluated. Results of ongoing clinical studies will show whether control of the total ischemic burden can prevent myocardial damage and improve the prognosis. PMID- 3486594 TI - Factors determining the activity of ischemic heart disease. AB - Transient regional myocardial ischemia appears to underlie symptoms such as angina pectoris and represents a key pathophysiologic step, since it is an objective marker of disease activity and is capable of causing disabling symptoms and damage to left ventricular myocardium. A study of the characteristics of transient ischemia in and out of the hospital has shown that symptoms are an inconsistent underestimation of these events. Ischemia is generally prolonged, mostly asymptomatic, and usually accompanied by a regional decrease in myocardial perfusion. Studies out of the hospital have also shown that these episodes are frequently triggered by a wide range of ordinary everyday activities. These new features of transient ischemia are worth noting when searching for relevant causes that are present during everyday life and when trying to choose more rational therapy. More detailed studies of patient activity have shown that different levels of mental arousal are the most common triggering mechanism causing ischemia out of the hospital. In addition, the occurrence of transient ischemia during everyday life displays a circadian rhythm, with an increase and peak occurrence between 6:00 A.M. and 12 noon each day. The day-to-day variability of ischemia is marked, indicating functional disturbances of coronary stenoses against a background of a severe reduction in cross-sectional area. The examination of proximal stenoses has shown that the reduction in cross-sectional area is usually underestimated by conventional angiography; pressure gradients across coronary stenoses are common and, with reduced poststenotic blood pressure, can jeopardize perfusion; disturbances of vessel caliber and antegrade flow can accompany many of the ordinary everyday activities known to trigger ischemia detected in Holter tapes studied out of the hospital; and there is clear cut evidence of endothelial dysfunction in these patients, with reversal of the normal dilator response to acetylcholine and paradoxical constriction of stenoses. This evidence of endothelial dysfunction in humans could be central to the problems of atheromatous narrowing, thrombus, and disturbed vasomotion. PMID- 3486595 TI - Diffuse lymphadenopathy as a manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Diffuse lymphadenopathy has not been previously described in association with ankylosing spondylitis. A 22-year-old man who presented with anorexia, weight loss, shoulder pain, and diffuse lymphadenopathy is described. Lymph node biopsy showed a nonspecific pattern of reactive hyperplasia with sinus histiocytosis. Clinical evaluation disclosed active spondylitis with HLA-B27 positivity. No other cause for the lymphadenopathy was found. The association between lymphadenopathy and connective tissue diseases is discussed. Ankylosing spondylitis should be added to the differential diagnosis of patients with generalized lymphadenopathy of uncertain cause. PMID- 3486597 TI - Visual loss in anterior membrane dystrophy. PMID- 3486596 TI - Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for cesarean section. AB - Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis after clamping of the umbilical cord decreased the rate of endomyometritis in high-risk patients by 50% when compared with placebo. This drug combination may affect the normal flora of the cervix the least so that superinfections should be rare. PMID- 3486599 TI - Postischemic ATP-MgCl2 provides precursors for resynthesis of cellular ATP in rats. AB - Postischemic administration of ATP-MgCl2 is known to enhance recovery of renal function and accelerate the restitution of cellular ATP levels. To differentiate between a direct and indirect effect of the exogenous nucleotide, rats were subjected to 45 min of bilateral renal ischemia and were infused with either ATP MgCl2, AMP-MgCl2, or normal saline. The immediate recovery of the cellular ATP was similar in all three groups of animals, whereas the subsequent recovery was accelerated by the infusion of either nucleotide. Since ATP-MgCl2 and AMP-MgCl2 produced similar results, this study provides evidence that exogenous ATP may act by providing precursors for the resynthesis of the cellular adenine nucleotide pool rather than being a direct source of energy. PMID- 3486600 TI - Central administration of alpha-MSH antiserum augments fever in the rabbit. AB - alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has a marked antipyretic action when given centrally or peripherally, and the concentration of this peptide within the septal region of the brain increases during fever. To assess the significance of endogenous central alpha-MSH in fever, antiserum was given to rabbits via a cannula implanted in the third cerebral ventricle. Each day for 3 days, the animals received 50 microliters of normal rabbit serum (NRS) or an equal volume of antiserum raised against alpha-MSH. Interleukin 1 (IL 1) was then injected intravenously to determine the effect of central immunoneutralization of alpha-MSH on the febrile response. Immunoneutralization markedly prolonged fever. The average rise in temperature and the area under the fever curve after IL 1 injection were also significantly increased. Antiserum treatment did not alter normal body temperature, and NRS had no effect on IL 1-induced fever. These results indicate that endogenous central alpha-MSH contributes to physiological limitation of fever and that the role of this peptide in temperature regulation is relevant to the febrile state but not to normothermia. PMID- 3486598 TI - Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. An immunophenotypic comparison of cases associated and unassociated with mycosis fungoides. AB - Documenting focal mycosis fungoides in lymph node biopsies that exhibit dermatopathic lymphadenopathy is morphologically difficult. Since mycosis fungoides is a lymphoma with the phenotype of mature T cells, usually of the T helper class, the authors investigated whether there are alterations in the ratio of Leu 3a (T-helper):Leu 2a (T-suppressor) cells in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy in order to determine the significance of immunologic markers as a possible solution to the problem. Ten lymph node biopsy specimens with diagnostic evidence of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, but not of mycosis fungoides, were studied with the use of fresh-frozen section immunohistochemistry (FS), cell suspensions (CS), or both; five of the specimens came from patients with known cutaneous mycosis fungoides, and the other five came from patients without mycosis fungoides. The mean Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratio was 7.0 +/- 1.06 (SE) in all 10 cases of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy studied by FS and 6.9 +/- 1.14 in the 6 cases studied by CS. These ratios were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than the mean Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratios of 2.9 +/- 0.29 (FS) and 2.4 +/- 0.22 (CS) in control lymph nodes exhibiting nonspecific reactive follicular hyperplasia, but were comparable to the mean Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratio of 5.9 obtained in two lymph node biopsies with unequivocal involvement by mycosis fungoides. Despite the increase in Leu 3a staining cells in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, however, there were no essential differences in the Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratios between patients with and those without known mycosis fungoides. The use of other antibodies reactive with T cells, such as anti-Leu 8, anti-Leu 9, and anti-Tac also did not aid in this discrimination. The results indicate that determination of the Leu 3a/Leu 2a ratio and use of other conventional T-cell monoclonal antibodies do not provide conclusive evidence in support of a presumptive or early diagnosis of mycosis fungoides in a lymph node which fails to show histologic evidence of the disease. PMID- 3486601 TI - Primary prevention and coronary heart disease: the economic benefits of lowering serum cholesterol. AB - We examined the expected economic benefits of cholesterol lowering for adult men with significant elevations of total serum cholesterol (above 260 mg/dl), incorporating estimates of direct benefits from anticipated reductions in lifetime expenditures for medical care, and estimates of indirect benefits related to extension of work-life secondary to reductions in morbidity and premature mortality. Our findings yield discounted lifetime direct benefits of a 15 per cent reduction in total serum cholesterol of $3 to $208 per person, and discounted lifetime indirect benefits of $1 to $8,946. Benefits increase with an individual's initial cholesterol level and decrease with the age at which an intervention is initiated. Economic benefits increase approximately twofold in the presence of other coronary risk factors, such as cigarette smoking and hypertension. Results suggest that cholesterol-lowering interventions, no matter what their cost, are unlikely to result in substantial direct savings to the health care system. However, the indirect benefits of intervention are quite high for young and middle-aged adults, as well as for those with severe elevations of cholesterol or with additional coronary risk factors. PMID- 3486603 TI - Differential expression of trophoblast lymphocyte cross-reactive (TLX) antigens on T and B lymphocytes. AB - Heterologous sera raised to human trophoblast (TLX antisera) have been shown to recognize peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL); in unrelated studies noncytotoxic Fc receptors blocking B lymphocyte antibodies have been found in the sera of women during normal pregnancies. This study aimed to determine whether (a) there was any relation between Fc receptor blocking and cytotoxic anti-TLX activity in ten TLX sera and (b) different reactivity patterns arose when ten TLX antisera were tested in the cytotoxicity assay against separated T and B lymphocytes. Independent factor analysis showed four antisera with T lymphocytotoxicity patterns giving a loading high on one mathematical factor and low on a second. Three sera shared the opposite pattern and three were intermediate. The groups were similar but more discrete than those obtained when PBL were used as targets. Patterns of B lymphocytoxicity were dissimilar from T and both differed from the erythrocyte antibody rosette inhibition activity. Activity did not correlate with the HLA-A, -B, or -DR types carried by the panel cells. These data indicate that TLX antisera contain antibodies directly cytotoxic to antigens differentially expressed on T and B lymphocytes and that noncytotoxic Fc receptor blocking antibodies are not associated with any TLX groupings. PMID- 3486602 TI - Thymus-dependent increase in splenic T cell population in postpartum mice. AB - Cell dynamics in the thymus and spleen of mice during the first allogeneic pregnancy and during postpartum were investigated. A considerable decrease in the number of thymocytes occurred at midpregnancy and was sustained until postpartum. There was an increase in the number of splenic T cells on the third postpartum day. These splenic T cells were shown to have the Lyt-1+ 2-phenotype, as determined by multiparameter analysis, and their responsiveness to Con A was increased compared with splenic T cells of virgin mice. Since such T cells were not observed in the postpartum spleen of adult thymectomized mice, they may have derived from the thymus. The response to Con A by normal virgin spleen cells was depressed when spleen cells from 3-day postpartum mice were added to the culture as the third party cells. Thus, the increased number of splenic T cells may act as inducer cells in the suppressor circuit during postpartum. PMID- 3486604 TI - Mycetoma of the head and neck. AB - Cranial mycetoma is not as rare as was believed. In the Sudan, the majority of cases are caused by S. somaliensis; no cases were found to be caused by Nocardia species. Cranial actinomycetoma proved to be potentially fatal and was the most difficult to treat. The best treatment results were achieved in cases of A. madurae infection. PMID- 3486606 TI - Pericardial closure. AB - Closure of the pericardium after operation for coronary bypass is recommended. It affords protection for the right ventricle and overlying bypass grafts if repeat sternotomy is necessary, and may decrease the incidence of tamponade. A mild compressive effect on the heart has been noted at the time of pericardial closure that does not appear to affect clinical outcome. Hemodynamic studies support this impression. The supracardiac portion of this layer is not closed, and permits use of internal mammary artery conduits. Pericardial closure is not feasible in all instances, however. The need for increased filling pressures, the anticipation of cardiac rather than mediastinal postoperative bleeding, and occasional interference with the course of internal mammary pedicles may preclude closure. PMID- 3486605 TI - Air conditioning and television as protective factors in arboviral encephalitis risk. AB - In California, the advent of television and air conditioned housing has coincided with a general decrease in mosquito-borne viral encephalitis cases in humans in the past 25 years. During this same period, levels of vector populations, virus activity in vectors, birds, and horses has been high at times. Air conditioning and television encourage persons to remain indoors during summer evenings, the primary time when infected Culex tarsalis transmit western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. The attack rates for these 2 diseases in 33 counties in the central valley of California, 1945-1982, were compared with the prevalence of household air conditioning and television. Encephalitis rates were negatively associated with television ownership in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Moreover, individual counties which experienced the most rapid increase in household television ownership had the greatest decline in encephalitis rates. A telephone survey conducted in Kern County revealed that air conditioner and television utilization times corresponded closely to the feeding times of Cx. tarsalis, and respondents indicated a preference to remain indoors during this time because of these appliances. It is concluded that changed behavioral patterns may protect from vector-borne diseases and be complementary to vector control programs. PMID- 3486607 TI - Initial management of the patient suspected of bleeding from esophageal varices. PMID- 3486608 TI - Pathogenesis of periventricular white matter hemorrhages in preterm infants. AB - Periventricular white matter hemorrhage (PWMH) was frequently found in very low birth weight infants with perinatal asphyxia or respiratory distress. Primary PWMH with or without intraventricular rupture was found at the deep arterial borderzones of the frontal or occipital lobes. The ischemic tissue damage induced by hypoperfusion may be a predisposing factor for PWMH. However, the high incidence of visceral intravascular thrombi and the fan-shaped appearance of hemorrhage suggested venous hemorrhagic infarction. Venous thrombosis with coagulopathy may be an important factor for the pathogenesis of PWMH. PMID- 3486610 TI - The late asthmatic response to allergen challenge--Part I. AB - Of the 251 patients with bronchial asthma, 61 (24%) developed 83 late asthmatic (bronchus-obstructive) responses (LAR) to the bronchial challenge with allergen (BP). The LAR began within 6 to 12 hours, reached its maximum within 4 to 8 hours, and resolved within 24 to 26 hours after the allergen challenge. All LARs were highly significant in comparison with the control test (P less than .01). The LAR was observed either as an isolated late response (ILAR) in 35 cases (10%) or as a dual late response (DAR) in 48 cases (14%), being a combination of an immediate (IDAR) and a late response (LDAR). The LAR demonstrated six basic patterns. The association of LAR with other diagnostic parameters was as follows: positive disease history in 49 LAR cases (59%); positive late skin response (LSR) in 51 LAR cases (61%); increased total serum IgE in 17 LAR (20%); positive specific IgE in the serum in 24 LAR cases (29%); increased serum concentration of IgG in 55 LAR cases (66%), of IgM in 41 LAR cases (49%), of IgA in one LAR case (1%); increased serum concentration of IgG1 in seven LARs (8%), of IgG3 in 21 LARs (25%), of IgG4 in 43 LARs (52%), the serum concentration of IgG2 increased in two LARs, while it decreased in 45 LARs (54%); increased blood eosinophilia in 42 LAR cases (51%) and blood leukocytosis in 29 LAR cases (35%); increased body temperature in 15 LAR cases (18%); appearance of late bronchial complaints during 83 LAR cases (100%), and of general malaise complaints during 67 LAR cases (81%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486609 TI - Effect of carrageenan on the histology of the bursa of fabricius and the humoral immune response to Salmonella O antigen. AB - Bursal secretory cells have been studied with light and electron microscope after prolonged carrageenan treatment. Intravenous injected carrageenan decreased the number of secretory cells as early as 4 days after the first carrageenan administration. Degranulation of the secretory cells may have made it difficult to identify these cells. The discharge of granules from the secretory cells was indicated by the appearance of a large amount of extracellular substance on the cell surface. The carrageenan may have accelerated the IgM-IgG switch after immunization with Salmonella O antigen. The rapid IgM-IgG switch was preceded by degranulations of the secretory cells. Therefore, the secretory products of the cells might have contributed to the switch. The number of secretory cells in the carrageenan-treated birds increased by the secondary immunization. Many of these secretory cells were immature and located close to the corticomedullary border. The young cells revealed a large blastlike nucleus and bulky cytoplasm with granules surrounding the cytocentrum and Golgi zone. PMID- 3486611 TI - [Drug-induced crystalluria: myths and realities]. AB - Medicinal crystalluria is often difficult to recognize and identify. Whether due to therapeutic overdoses or individual susceptibility, the diagnosis is always important. 70% of the drugs involved in crystalluria can induce kidney stones or promote their growth. In addition, approximately one medicinal crystalluria out of ten is clinically or biologically accompanied by kidney failure. On the basis of 59 cases of medicinal crystalluria, the means of identification, the molecules involved and the frequency of these iatrogenic crystalluria is discusses. PMID- 3486612 TI - Aortoenteric fistula: a catastrophe waiting to happen. AB - Presented is the case of a patient with recurrent massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Evaluation during initial hospitalization revealed no definite etiology. During his second hospitalization, he underwent exploratory laparotomy, and an abdominal aortic aneurysm with fistulization into the duodenum was identified. During surgery the patient suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest and could not be resuscitated. This case exemplifies some of the important clinical features that may suggest the diagnosis, including presence of a pulsatile abdominal mass, a peculiarly intermittent or obscure source of bleeding, and the concomitant complaint of back pain and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3486613 TI - Lymphocyte phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. AB - To determine whether the lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are representative of the cells found in lung tissue, we identified and enumerated lymphocyte phenotypes directly in lung tissue and lavage fluid with monoclonal antibodies (Leu 4-total T, Leu 3-helper T, Leu 2-suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and an avidin-biotin peroxidase method in 6 patients with sarcoidosis and 6 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We found that the absolute numbers of each phenotype and the ratios of Leu 3/Leu 4, Leu 2/Leu 4, and Leu 3/Leu 2 in lavage fluid and tissue correlated well for both groups of patients. This supports the notion that the lymphocytes recovered by BAL are representative of the cells present in the lung. However, when cell recovery was expressed as the number per milliliter of recovered lavage fluid, there were no significant correlations between lavage fluid and tissue for any phenotype in the IPF group. The degree of restrictive impairment was significantly greater and the lavage fluid recovery was significantly lower in this group than in the sarcoid group. Thus, the lymphocytes recovered by BAL appear to mirror the types of cells found in lung tissue in these 2 forms of diffuse interstitial disease, but this relationship may not hold when there is a severe restrictive impairment and a low recovery of lavage fluid. PMID- 3486614 TI - The study and correction of human gait by electrical stimulation. AB - To gain a better understanding of the functions that the calf and vastus muscles perform in the human walking gait the author systematically increased the contractions of these muscles separately and in combination by applying Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) to them, during walking tests performed by a subject with nonpathological gait, and a patient with a hemiplegic gait. A four-channel stimulator was used with foot switch activated control systems, which accurately sequenced the FES pulses and timed them in relation to the footswitch contacts. In normal gait FES applied to the calf muscles in the first third of the stance phase induced knee extension, but when applied later in the stance phase it increased the amount of plantar flexion and knee flexion at the push off. Strengthened vastus muscle contraction increased the amount and duration of stance phase knee extension, and interacted with the calf FES to increase the amount of heel rise at the push off. In the hemiplegic gait calf FES resulted in some increased knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion after the opposite heel strike, but a persistent lower limb extensor synergy prevented knee flexion from occurring simultaneously with plantar flexion and a heel rise, while the hemiplegic limb was still weight bearing. PMID- 3486615 TI - Valva ileocaecalis: preservation during ileocolonic surgery employing a rodent experimental model. AB - Experimental and clinical data suggest that the valva ileocaecalis under neurogenic and hormonal influences, modulates antegrade and retrograde flow of succus entericus. A priori reasoning suggests that this function may influence nutrient absorption by and intraluminal endogenous microbial flora within the ileum. The hypothesis to be tested was, can anatomical and functional integrity of the valva ileocaecalis be preserved during the performance of a right hemicolectomy with reestablishment of intestinal continuity via a cecocolostomy? The methodology involved utilization of Lewis male rats weighing approximately 500 gm. General anesthesia was induced for all procedures. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups (10 animals/group): (A) sham operation; (B) pericecal dissection (preservation of the arteria et vena ileocolica); and (C) periileal dissection (ligation of the aforementioned vessels). Celiotomy was performed employing standard clean techniques, and was accompanied by a right hemicolectomy and an end-to-end or end-to-side cecocolostomy. Function of the heterotopic valva ileocaecalis was assessed 6-12 weeks post-operatively employing radiographic criteria (fluoroscopic analysis after intraluminal instillation of barium sulfate). Light microscopic analysis was performed subsequent to the radiographic studies. Periileal dissection associated with ligation of the arteria et vena ileocolica uniformly resulted in anastomotic disruption. Pericecal dissection associated with preservation of those vessels resulted in uniform anastomotic integrity, although two animals succumbed secondary to pneumonitis within 5 post-operative days. Radiographic analysis of the heterotopic valva ileocaecalis revealed intermittent antegrade and no retrograde flow of contrast material, which suggested functional integrity. Qualitative light microscopic analysis revealed architectural integrity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486616 TI - [Levels of serum immunoreactive trypsin in children with intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis]. AB - Serum levels of immunoreactive trypsin (TIRS) were determined in 61 children having either alpha 1 antitrypsin deficit, chronic hepatitis, syndromic or non syndromic ductular hypoplasia, or extrahepatic biliary atresia. Fasting TIRS values in both patients with chronic hepatitis (213 M 81 ng/ml) and with extrahepatic biliary atresia (159 +/- 88 ng/ml) didn't show statistically significant differences in relation to control values (172 +/- 44 ng/ml). However, in children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficit (518 +/- 275 ng/ml; p less than 0.02) or syndromic (594 +/- 331 ng/ml; p less than 0.01) and non-syndromic ductular hypoplasia (558 +/- 183 ng/ml; p less than 0.02) TIRS levels were significantly above control values. Even more, in these last three groups of patients, their TIRS values were clearly greater than in extrahepatic biliary atresia patients. According to the above findings, we suggest that TIRS values may be a valuable marker for the differential diagnosis between intra and extrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 3486617 TI - Linear scleroderma. Clinical spectrum, prognosis, and laboratory abnormalities. AB - The clinical features and natural history of linear scleroderma in 53 patients and the laboratory tests helpful in the management of this disease are described. No patient had Raynaud's phenomenon or signs of systemic connective tissue disease in a mean follow-up of 10 years. Blood eosinophilia (greater than 300 cells/mm3) was present in half the patients, usually those with clinically active disease rather than inactive disease (p less than 0.02). An elevated serum IgG level correlated with the presence of joint contractures (p less than 0.02). Antinuclear antibodies, commoner in patients with extensive and prolonged disease, were present in 31% and 46% of patients whose sera were tested on mouse kidney and HEp-2 cells, respectively. Antibodies to single-stranded DNA, present in 50% of patients, were associated with extensive disease, joint contractures (p less than 0.001), and active disease of greater than 2 years' duration (p less than 0.001). Discordance in immune reactivity indicates that at least three serum autoantibodies exist in these patients: antibodies to single-stranded DNA and antinuclear antibodies with homogeneous and nucleolar immunofluorescence patterns. PMID- 3486618 TI - Computer-assisted design of studies using routine clinical data. Analyzing the association of prednisone and cholesterol. AB - To facilitate the analysis of routine, longitudinal, clinical data, we developed a computer program called the RX Study Module. Our prototype uses a small online knowledge base of medicine and biostatistics to help create and execute a detailed statistical study design. The program identifies possible confounding variables, selects methods for controlling them, creates a statistical model, determines patient eligibility criteria, and retrieves data from records. We used the program to examine the hypothesis that daily prednisone administration elevates serum cholesterol. Data from 49 patients with chronic rheumatologic disorders were analyzed from a database of 1787 patients. A regression model was fitted to each patient's record. Changes in cholesterol were significantly correlated (p = 10(-5)) with changes in prednisone after a lag of at least 1 week and after recorded confounders were controlled: delta cholesterol = 18.4 loge(prednisone). Routinely collected patient data may become an important resource for generating and studying new medical hypotheses. PMID- 3486619 TI - [Cogan's syndrome: apropos of a case. Association with Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3486620 TI - The role of the central adrenergic system in the regulation of the cerebromicrocirculation. Basic and clinical implications. PMID- 3486621 TI - Positron emission tomography and autoradiographic studies of glucose utilization following electroconvulsive seizures in humans and rats. PMID- 3486622 TI - [Progressive hemicorporeal scleroderma in an 11-year-old child]. PMID- 3486623 TI - [Sclerodermiform and poikilodermic syndrome during treatment with carbidopa and 5 hydroxytryptophan. Culture of fibroblasts with biochemical analysis of collagen metabolism]. PMID- 3486624 TI - [Arthritis caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in an infant: value of cefotaxime]. PMID- 3486625 TI - [Comparison of the effects of bepridil and diltiazem in Prinzmetal's angina. Crossed, randomized, double-blind study. Apropos of 14 cases]. AB - The efficacy of bepridil was compared with that of diltiazem in treatment of Prinzmetal's angina, in a crossed, randomized double-blind study of 14 observations using repeated Holter recordings (a total of 9 for each patient). Clinical and electrical monitoring showed that the efficacy of bepridil is comparable to that of diltiazem in treatment of spastic angina. PMID- 3486626 TI - The human T24 Ha-ras1 oncogene: a study of the effects of overexpression of the mutated ras gene product in rodent cells. AB - The human T24 Ha-ras1 oncogene was inserted into a high expression vector which carried the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (aph) gene as a selectable market. This recombinant was introduced into early passage rodent cells by the calcium phosphate technique. Under the selection pressure of geneticin foci appeared of morphologically altered cells which became immortalized, anchorage independent and tumourigenic. These cells overexpressed the p21 product of the T24 Ha-ras1 oncogene. It was concluded that p21 is not toxic to these cells. In reconstruction experiments, where transformed and normal cells were plated together at various cell densities, normal cells, at high cell density and in the absence of selection, suppressed the transformed phenotype. PMID- 3486627 TI - Prostaglandin modulation of prostate tumor growth and metastases. PMID- 3486628 TI - In vitro activity of an orally administered cephalosporin, LY164846, against potentially pathogenic respiratory and dermal bacterial isolates. AB - The antibacterial activity of LY164846, a new orally administered semisynthetic cephalosporin, was compared with that of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 492 potentially pathogenic respiratory tract and dermal isolates. Against groups A, B, and G streptococci; pneumococci; staphylococci (other than methicillin resistant); Haemophilus influenzae; Branhamella catarrhalis; and meningococci, the MICs for 90% of strains tested of LY164846 and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were less than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, respectively. LY164846 was equally active against beta-lactamase-positive and negative strains of Haemophilus and Staphylococcus. MBC to MIC ratios of LY164846 versus H. influenzae were less than or equal to 2, while those with Staphylococcus aureus were more difficult to determine because of skipped tubes or paradoxic effects. There were minimal inoculum, pH, or serum effects on LY164846 activity against H. influenzae and S. aureus. In time-kill studies, LY164846 and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid at double MICs were 99.9 to 100% bactericidal to H. influenzae in 24 h; two times the MIC of LY164846 and four times the MIC of cephalexin were 99.9 to 100% bactericidal to S. aureus in 24 h. Based on error-rate-bounded analysis, the following interpretative guidelines for 30-micrograms LY164846 disk diffusion test diameters are suggested: greater than or equal to 19 mm, susceptible (MIC, less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml); 16 to 18 mm, intermediate (MIC, greater than 4 but less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml); less than or equal to 15 mm, resistant (MIC, greater than 8 micrograms/ml). PMID- 3486629 TI - Combined action of chloramphenicol and ampicillin on chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The interaction of ampicillin and chloramphenicol on three ampicillin susceptible, chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae was studied by checkerboard testing with subcultures, time-kill experiments, and a disk method. In all three strains there was inhibition of the bactericidal action of ampicillin by chloramphenicol at concentrations close to the MIC (10 micrograms/ml). This chloramphenicol concentration was close to that which might be achieved in cerebrospinal fluid during treatment for meningitis and was in the bactericidal range for chloramphenicol-susceptible organisms. It is suggested however that in the initial treatment of meningitis caused by ampicillin susceptible, chloramphenicol-resistant strains, inhibition of the action of ampicillin by chloramphenicol may represent a clinical risk. PMID- 3486630 TI - In vitro comparison of ampicillin-chloramphenicol and ampicillin-cefotaxime against 284 Haemophilus isolates. AB - Since November 1982 at the Sainte-Justine Hospital in Montreal, ampicillin and cefotaxime were used in association as initial treatment (greater than or equal to 48 h) for childhood bacterial meningitis. In this report is described the in vitro interaction of the new regimen in comparison with that of the previous ampicillin-chloramphenicol combination against 284 Haemophilus isolates. Among the 156 ampicillin-susceptible, beta-lactamase-negative isolates, synergy was detected in 13 with ampicillin-cefotaxime, and antagonism was detected in only 1; in contrast, synergy was found in only 2 strains with ampicillin-chloramphenicol, and antagonism was found in 15. These differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Such significant differences were not observed among the 128 ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus isolates. The synergy of ampicillin-cefotaxime did not contribute to a decrease of the MIC of cefotaxime for 90% of isolates tested, whereas the antagonism of ampicillin chloramphenicol did not contribute to increase the MIC of ampicillin for 90% of isolates tested. PMID- 3486631 TI - Purification and properties of a beta-lactamase produced by Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - A beta-lactamase from Branhamella catarrhalis was purified by column chromatography. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed penicillins, such as ampicillin, carbenicillin, and piperacillin, more rapidly than cephalosporins. Furthermore, the enzyme hydrolyzed cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 33,000. The pI was 5.4. PMID- 3486632 TI - Comparative antibacterial activity of an arylglycyl oral cephalosporin, LY164846. AB - LY164846 is a semisynthetic arylglycyl cephalosporin which can be absorbed orally. It had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefaclor against beta hemolytic streptococcal species and was two- to fourfold more active than cephalexin. Enterococci and Listeria species were resistant, and its activity against staphylococci was similar to that of other oral cephalosporins. Although some Bacteroides species were inhibited, the MICs for 25% were greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. LY164846 was hydrolyzed by Staphylococcus aureus beta lactamase and by cephalosporinases, but it was more stable than cefaclor. PMID- 3486633 TI - A simple and rapid chemical method for the determination of cephalosporins. AB - A simple and rapid chemical assay for cephalosporins is described. It is a simple modification of the colorimetric determination of penicillins in which the narrow spectrum beta-lactamase (penicillinase) is replaced by a broad spectrum beta lactamase (cephalosporinase) produced by Enterobacter cloacae. The method can be used for assay of fermentation broths as well as for pure cephalosporins. PMID- 3486634 TI - [Neo-adjuvant therapy in childhood osteogenic sarcoma: a pilot study of selective postoperative chemotherapy based on response to preoperative high-dose methotrexate]. AB - "Neo-adjuvant therapy" with preoperative high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) and CF rescue therapy was investigated in four children with osteogenic sarcoma. Immediately after the diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma from biopsy, the patients were treated with three to five courses of weekly HD-MTX (300 mg/kg) with CF rescue. Three patients had en bloc tumor resection and one patient underwent disarticulation of the hip joint after the pre-operative HD-MTX. The effect of HD MTX was evaluated on the basis of pathological changes between the specimen of the primary tumor taken at biopsy and that during surgery. Two out of four patients showed marked tumor cell reduction (greater than 50%) of the specimen upon surgery. Two patients who responded to the preoperative HD-MTX were further treated with HD-MTX on a post-operative adjuvant therapy basis for 18 months. Both of these patients survived with no evidence of disease for 35.6+ and 20.9+ months. Two patients who responded poorly to HD-MTX were treated with a multi drug postoperative adjuvant therapy including cis-platinum, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, and bleomycin. One patient had a solitary lung metastasis at 12.2 months after amputation. Wedge resection of the metastatic tumor was performed and adjuvant therapy with cis-platimum has been given for 20 months. He has remained with no evidence of disease for more than 30 months. Another patient has been receiving multi-drug neo-adjuvant therapy without any evidence of disease for 11.9 months after surgery. These data suggest that neo adjuvant chemotherapy based on the response to preoperative HD-MTX is more useful for increasing the cure rate of childhood osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 3486635 TI - [Intra-aortic infusion therapy with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-FU in advanced gastric carcinoma]. AB - Fifteen patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were treated by intraaortic infusion therapy with sequential MTX and 5-FU. Intraaortic bolus injection with 50-100 mg/body MTX was followed 3 hours later with 500-750 mg/body 5-FU and 24 hours later with 30 mg/body leucovorin. Treatment was repeated weekly. Of these 15 patients who were evaluated, 4 had PR and 3 had MR. Response rate was 27%. Two patients had WBC nadir of less than 3,000 cells/mm and other two had a platelet count nadir of less than 10/mm. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting were mild. Three patients had diarrhea and 3 had mucositis. No other toxicity was seen. This regimen has been well tolerated for long periods. PMID- 3486636 TI - Myocarditis after triple immunisation. AB - We describe a 3 month old infant who developed myocarditis several hours after diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccination. The time of occurrence of symptoms, the clinical course, and the negative virological studies suggest a possible cardiogenic adverse reaction to the vaccine. PMID- 3486637 TI - Genetic variants of complement component 3 (C3) in DR4 positive and DR4 negative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - C3 allotypes were defined in 86 Caucasoid patients with rheumatoid arthritis living in the north west of England and in 80 local, healthy controls. C3 allotype and phenotype frequencies were similar in RA (whether DR4 positive or negative) and control groups. PMID- 3486639 TI - Complement fixation by anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLE: measurement by radioimmunoassay and relationship with disease activity. AB - We have developed a sensitive, solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) to quantify the amount of complement (C') fixation by anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies and have studied sera from 48 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 46% of the patients were positive in this assay. There was no correlation with serum C' levels, and only weak correlation with anti-dsDNA activity as measured by a solid phase RIA. An association was shown between positive values for C' fixation by anti-dsDNA antibodies and the presence of active lupus (p less than 0.01); there was a similar association with the presence of active renal disease in those patients with raised DNA binding (p less than 0.01). Our results suggest that quantitative measurement of C' fixation by anti-dsDNA antibodies may provide information about the pathogenicity of such antibodies in patients with SLE and be a better guide to potential end organ damage than the conventional measurement of DNA binding. PMID- 3486638 TI - A reappraisal of 'analgesic hip'. AB - Nineteen patients with hip radiographs typical of 'analgesic hip' (rapidly destructive, atrophic arthropathy involving both femoral and acetabular components) have been studied. Women predominated (14:5), and all were elderly (mean age 74 years, range 64-83 years). Destructive hip disease was unilateral in all but one case. The mean interval from symptom onset to typical x ray appearance was short (one year, range three to 24 months), and persistent pain unresponsive to drug therapy was characteristic. Screening showed no metabolic or neurological disease. Contrary to previous reports, non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs could not be incriminated in development of the disease. Clinical and radiographic similarity to apatite associated destructive arthritis of other large joints was striking, and occurrence of the latter, uncommon condition in five patients (five shoulders, two knees) suggests that both descriptions represent a common articular response at different joint sites. PMID- 3486640 TI - Synovitis associated with serum IgM rheumatoid factor arising spontaneously in 'Old English' rabbits. AB - This paper reports the spontaneous development of synovitis in 'Old English' rabbits concurrent with serum IgM rheumatoid factor. Female rabbits developed lesions at a higher incidence than males (42% compared with 17%) and the pathology was of a more severe nature. In the female rabbits synovitis was associated with concurrent high serum IgM rheumatoid factor and high serum antibody levels to Pasteurella multocida. There was no histological evidence that the joints were directly infected. PMID- 3486641 TI - Distal splenorenal shunt versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for long-term management of variceal bleeding. Preliminary report of a prospective, randomized trial. AB - This paper reports the preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial comparing endoscopic variceal sclerosis and distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) in the management of patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding. Seventy-one patients have been entered; 36 have received sclerosis and 35 DSRS. Randomization of the study population was stratified on Child's A/B (56%) and Child's C (44%). Sixty-one per cent had alcoholic and 39% non-alcoholic cirrhosis. No patients have been lost to follow-up, which currently stands at a median of 26 months. Rebleeding occurred significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequently in patients in the sclerosis group (19 of 36: 53%) compared to DSRS (1 of 35: 3%), but only 11 of 36 (31%) were not controlled by further sclerosis and failed that therapy. Patients in whom sclerosis failed underwent surgery. Survival was significantly (p less than 0.01) improved in the sclerosis group (+ surgery in 31%), with an 84% 2-year survival compared to a 59% 2-year survival in the DSRS group. Portal perfusion was significantly (p less than 0.05) better maintained in the sclerosis (95%) compared to the DSRS (53%) group. Galactose elimination capacity improved significantly (p less than 0.05) in 21 patients successfully managed by sclerosis at 1 year and was significantly (p less than 0.01) better maintained in the sclerosis compared to DSRS group. The authors conclude that endoscopic sclerosis: has a higher rebleeding rate than DSRS, with one third of patients failing therapy from rebleeding; allows significant improvement in liver function when successful; and gives significantly improved survival in the management of variceal bleeding when backed up by surgical therapy for patients with uncontrolled rebleeding. PMID- 3486642 TI - Should ablative operations be used for bleeding esophageal varices? AB - To evaluate the long-term success of an ablative procedure for esophageal varices, the clinical results of 60 standardized, non-shunt (Womack) operations performed from 1953-1974 were reviewed. The overall operative mortality in this series was 35%. The 39 patients surviving operation have been followed from 5 to 21 years (mean: 13.3 years). Excluding operative mortality, the absolute 5-year survival rates for Child's classes A, B, and C patients were 100%, 63%, and 33%, respectively. The actuarial survival for all patients was 40% at 5 years, 24% at 10 years, and 15% at 15 years. Although the incidence of recurrent bleeding was 54%, clinical factors predictive for rebleeding could not be identified. A review of a collected series of other ablative operations, with and without esophageal transection, generally reveals unacceptable mortality and rebleeding rates. It is concluded that an ablative operation without esophageal transection should be used only in highly selected patients who do not have appropriate veins suitable for venous shunt. PMID- 3486643 TI - Highly selective vagotomy with dilatation or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal ulcer. AB - Highly selective vagotomy (HSV) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. Its use in patients with gastric outlet obstruction, however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 patients have undergone HSV at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either dilatation (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying outlet obstruction. The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both patients were Visick I. Of the 18 patients available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic patients. No patients have required reoperation. HSV with dilatation or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing duodenal ulcer disease. PMID- 3486644 TI - Emergency operations for gastric and duodenal ulcers in high risk patients. AB - With routine endoscopy, histamine antagonists, proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) and declining prevalence of duodenal ulcers, morbidity and mortality of ulcer surgery should have declined. Two hundred thirty-four ulcer operations performed since 1976 were compared with 778 between 1961 and 1971. The hospital mortality rate has increased from 2.7 to 14.5%. Increased mortality was related to a doubling of the rate of emergency operations over age 50 and to a 94% decline in elective operations under 50. Mortality was increased by the need for emergency operations and more by concurrent diseases than by old age. Few operations could have been avoided by earlier elective surgery. Most perforations and hemorrhages occurred from previously unsuspected ulcers, many in patients being treated for other advanced or terminal diseases. Although most deaths occurred in this group, 42% survived. Such patients should be expeditiously offered the definitive operations most appropriate to the locations of their ulcers. Since 1976 among 200 survivors, 20 ulcers have recurred. Most recurred after PGV was tried for pyloric and prepyloric ulcers (8 of 16 recurred) and after previously untreated perforated ulcers were simply closed (4 of 11 recurred). The authors so far have one recurrence after 43 PGVs for duodenal ulcers. These recurrences confirm the need for vagotomy in perforated duodenal ulcer and for resection of ulcers proximal to the duodenum. PMID- 3486646 TI - Cannulation of ascending aorta for IABP assist. PMID- 3486645 TI - Pituitary apoplexy: a complication of cardiac surgery. AB - Pituitary apoplexy occurred in 3 patients in the immediate postoperative period following cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass. In this setting, this complication is extremely rare and not widely recognized. Precipitating factors may be related to the extracorporeal bypass apparatus, anticoagulation, low cerebral blood flow, and even anesthetic agents. Neurosurgical decompression can be safely performed in the early postoperative period following open-heart operations. PMID- 3486647 TI - Early variceal rebleeding after successful distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Of 77 patients with repeated variceal hemorrhage who underwent distal splenorenal shunt, five (6.5%) developed rebleeding despite a patent splenorenal anastomosis. Three of the five patients died. Early variceal rebleeding usually indicates shunt thrombosis but may occur with a patent anastomosis. Anatomic or functional left renal vein and/or splenic vein hypertension producing incomplete variceal decompression is generally the cause. Ineffective separation of the main portal vein from the gastrosplenic venous plexus may coexist and further intensify variceal congestion. Urgent angiographic studies and direct shunt catheterization with measurement of splenic vein, left renal vein, and inferior vena cava pressures should be performed to plan appropriate therapy. A significant gradient between the splenic and renal veins is evidence of an unsatisfactory anastomosis and should be managed by balloon angioplasty or reoperation. High splenic and left renal vein pressures with a gradient of more than 10 mm Hg between the renal vein and the inferior vena cava indicate renal vein hypertension. Initial therapy should include serial injection sclerotherapy, as renal vein hypertension will usually resolve over time as additional collaterals develop. However, persistent or recurrent variceal hemorrhage may require total portal decompression to bypass the restrictive left renal vein segment. PMID- 3486648 TI - Management of experimental pneumothorax in weanling rabbits with the use of fibrin glue sclerosant. AB - Fibrin glue pleurodesis successfully sealed surgically created pneumothoraxes in 12 (92.3%) of 13 New Zealand white rabbits, an animal model chosen for its similarity to the thoracic configuration of the human neonate. All chest tubes were removed at 24 hours; there were no recurrences. Two rabbits, in whom human cryoprecipitate was used, died of an immunologically mediated pneumonitis. This reaction would not be expected in the human setting. Four months' follow-up revealed nearly total fibrin glue resorption. This "biodegradability" is well suited to the neonate, since alveolar barotrauma, not congenital emphysematous blebs, is the usual initiator of pneumothorax. Time-limited adhesions created by fibrin glue pleurodesis should be adequate for treatment of the acute event, while avoiding persistent pleural adhesions that could interfere with subsequent thoracic surgery or cause long-term deleterious effects on pulmonary function. PMID- 3486649 TI - Antithrombin, prekallikrein, and fibronectin levels in surgical patients. AB - Antithrombin (AT), prekallikrein (PK), and fibronectin (FN) levels were measured in the plasma of 290 patients. The mean (+/- SD) lowest AT level measured in 287 patients was 70% +/- 18% (normal, 75% to 120% of control). The mean lowest AT level in 81 septic patients (49% +/- 17%) was significantly lower than in the 206 patients without sepsis (78% +/- 22%). The mean AT level in 60 patients who died (42% +/- 22%) was significantly lower than in 227 patients who lived (78% +/- 19%). The mean lowest PK level measured in 71 patients was 42% +/- 17% (normal, 80% to 120%). The mean PK level in 32 septic patients (26% +/- 12%) was significantly lower than in 39 patients who were not septic (54% +/- 19%). The mean lowest FN level measured in 45 patients was 193 +/- 86 micrograms/mL (normal, 160 to 240 micrograms/mL). The mean FN level in 15 septic patients (128 +/- 72 micrograms/mL) was significantly lower than in the 30 nonseptic patients (266 +/- 84 micrograms/mL). Following AT, PK, and FN levels in critically ill surgical patients may allow earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of sepsis. PMID- 3486650 TI - Diagnosis of traumatic cardiac contusion. AB - Cardiac contusion following blunt chest trauma remains a diagnostic problem because of a lack of sensitive diagnostic tests. This study evaluated thallous chloride Tl 201 single-photon-emission computed tomography in a series of 48 patients following blunt chest trauma. Of the 48 patients, 23 had normal scans. None of these patients proved to have serious arrhythmias during three days of continuous monitoring. Of 25 patients with abnormal or ambiguous studies, five (20%) developed serious arrhythmias requiring therapy. Single-photon-emission computed tomography scanning thus was sensitive in indicating that group of patients at risk of serious arrhythmias, and may therefore prove to be a useful screening test to determine the need for hospitalization and arrhythmia monitoring following blunt chest trauma. PMID- 3486652 TI - Otitis media with effusion following inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b endotoxin. AB - Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) was extracted from Haemophilus influenzae type b by using Westphal's phenol water method. The ears of 40 adult male guinea pigs were subsequently inoculated with 10 micrograms/ml solutions of LPS by transmeatal injections. Groups of animals were then sacrificed from day 2 to day 24 after the injections to observe the pathological changes produced. Massive serous effusions filled the tympanic bullae on days 2 and 4, after which the amount of fluid present gradually decreased so that it could hardly be seen on day 11. Pathological changes found in the mucosa included marked interstitial edema, dilated capillaries, as well as elevated and thickened epithelium with intracellular edema. These findings gradually subsided by day 24. We believe that the major pathogenetic factors present were due to the transudation and injury of the middle ear epithelium disturbing mucociliary transport activity, with increased secretions participating somewhat in inducing the effusion. We further suggest that H. influenzae endotoxin may play an active role in the clinical development of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 3486651 TI - An experimental study on the isolated lateral semicircular canal of the bull frog. AB - We used isolated lateral semicircular canals from the bull frog, Rana catesbeiana. The cupula was removed from the crista and a glass micropipette was used to depress the sensory cilia on the crista toward the utricular side. Five points on the crista were selected for stimulation. Decremental time constants of the lateral ampullary nerve action potentials were measured. The longest time constant was obtained from stimulation to the wide portion of the crista. The time constant progressively decreased as the narrow side of the crista was approached. These results indicate that the lateral semicircular canal crista is equivalent to the halved posterior semicircular canal crista in terms of both morphology and physiology. PMID- 3486655 TI - Proceedings of meetings of special societies. Abstracts. PMID- 3486653 TI - Neutrophil oxidants inactivate alpha-1-protease inhibitor and promote PMN mediated detachment of cultured endothelium. Protection by free methionine. AB - Activated granulocytes have been implicated in mediating pulmonary endothelial damage in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In another lung disease, emphysema, pulmonary granulocytes (PMNs) are thought to be doubly responsible for lung dissolution: they release potent proteolytic enzymes including elastase, and they generate reactive oxygen species that oxidize a reactive site methionine group in alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) rendering it, in turn, impotent as an anti-elastase. This suggested an analogous scenario for pulmonary vascular damage: namely, undefended PMN elastase might also mediate endothelial injury. Our strategy to prove this notion used 51chromium-labeled human endothelial cells exposed to intact PMN or to enucleate "neutroplasts." The latter are elastase free cytoplasmic blebs derived from PMN. When activated, both PMN and neutroplasts generate similar amounts of toxic oxygen species; yet neutroplasts caused insignificant endothelial damage, measured as 51Cr "lift-off"from anchoring matrix (PMN = 24.3% +/- 1.8% vs neutroplast = 1.2% +/- 0.4%; p less than 0.001). Adding pure elastase back to neutroplasts increased endothelial cell lift-off (7% +/- 0.2%). Although the prototypic serine protease inhibitor phenyl methylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) protected endothelium from PMNs, pure alpha-1-PI (also a potent anti-elastase) when added in physiologic amounts did not protect endothelial cells from PMN assault, suggesting that PMN oxidants might inactivate it. By adding exogenous myeloperoxidase (MPO) to MPO-deficient neutroplasts, we demonstrated that MPO-dependent oxidants, probably N-chloramines, are critical inactivators of alpha-1-PI. This was further confirmed since added free methionine, a scavenger of chloramine, protected alpha-1-PI from inactivation by reagent chloramine or that produced by rearmed neutroplasts or PMN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486654 TI - Ten year follow-up of gastrointestinal hemorrhage patients. AB - The mortality and morbidity of the 241 survivors of an acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated between 1958 and 1964 are reported. The major purpose of this study was to assess the subsequent risk to life and health of patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients without dyspepsia and with a negative single contrast barium meal study had an excellent prognosis. Life Table analysis showed that the gastric ulcer patients had a mortality not significantly different from that of the Australian population, with the higher risk of death from ulcer balanced by a lower risk of fatal vascular disease. Duodenal ulcer patients had an increased mortality attributable to a 290% increase in deaths from vascular disease, but only one of the 84 died of an ulcer complication. The association between duodenal ulcer and vascular disease has been present for decades. It is unlikely to be associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, diet, stress, or smoking and deserves further study. PMID- 3486656 TI - Binding of inositol trisphosphate by a liver microsomal fraction. AB - Accumulating evidence suggests that the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ induced by receptor agonists is mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a product of phospholipase C-mediated breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The present study employs inositol tris[32P]phosphate to demonstrate a specific receptor binding site in a microsomal fraction of rat liver. PMID- 3486657 TI - Recombinant tumor necrosis factor depresses cytochrome P450-dependent microsomal drug metabolism in mice. AB - The effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on liver cytochrome P450 and related drug metabolism enzymes was investigated. Treatment of mice with tumor necrosis factor caused a marked depression of cytochrome P450 and some drug metabolizing enzymes (ethoxycoumarin deethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase) in the liver and many other organs. This effect was maximal 24-48 h after treatment and was dependent on the dose of tumor necrosis factor administered. Depression of liver drug metabolizing enzymes was also observed in the endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ strain of mice, thus ruling out that this effect may be due to minor endotoxin contamination of recombinant tumor necrosis factor. These data indicate that depression of liver drug metabolism might be an important side effect of tumor necrosis factor, and suggest a role for this macrophage product as an endogenous regulator of liver metabolism. PMID- 3486658 TI - Tumor necrosis factor stimulates interleukin-1 and prostaglandin E2 production in resting macrophages. AB - We have investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor on the release of interleukin-1 and PGE2 from murine resident peritoneal macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor causes an increase in the production of interleukin-1 and PGE2 with a maximum induction for both noted at 5.9 X 10(-8) M. While indomethacin decreased tumor necrosis factor induced PGE2 production, this cyclooxygenase inhibitor augmented tumor necrosis factor induced interleukin-1 production. Our data suggests that tumor necrosis factor may be an important immunopotentiating agent in addition to its previously described cytolytic and metabolic activities. PMID- 3486659 TI - Conversion of transformed androgen and glucocorticoid receptors to higher molecular forms. AB - The 4 S transformed androgen receptor from rat prostate and thymus converted to a higher molecular form (5-7 S) on low-salt conditions. The converted receptor retained the DNA-binding capacity as well as the 4 S transformed receptor. This conversion was also demonstrated on glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver and thymus. The sedimentation coefficients of both the converted receptors were affected by sodium molybdate, i.e., the receptors converted to a relatively smaller molecule in the presence of molybdate than in the absence of the reagent. These observations suggest that molybdate directly binds to the transformed receptors and prevents the excessive association of a factor(s) to the transformed receptors. PMID- 3486660 TI - Ferredoxin-dependent reduction of nitroimidazole derivatives in drug-resistant and susceptible strains of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The inhibitory effect of a range of nitroimidazole-derivatives on H2 production by metronidazole resistant (CDC-85) and susceptible (C1-NIH) Trichomonas vaginalis strains was investigated. The 2-, 4-, and 5-nitro-derivatives used had one-electron reduction potentials within the range -250 to -525 mV. Nitroimidazole concentrations giving 50% inhibition of H2 production (kiH2) for compounds with one-electron reduction potentials in the range -250 to -425 mV were found to be similar for both strains tested. Compounds with one-electron reduction potentials below -425 mV give 10-fold higher KiH2 values for the metronidazole resistant isolate. Both strains showed increased KiH2 for compounds with potentials lower than -500 mV. The addition of 2.1 kPa (0.02 atm) O2 to the gas phase resulted in increasing the kiH2 values for all the compounds tested, but had the greater effect on results obtained with the resistant isolate using nitroimidazoles in the range -425 to -490 mV. The results enable the proposal that the resistant isolate CDC-85 has a ferredoxin with altered redox properties or reduced intracellular levels. PMID- 3486661 TI - The lupus autoantigens and the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Thus, the nucleosome, the U1 snRNP, and the Ro scRNP appear to elicit hierarchies of antibodies in patients with SLE, just as any complex foreign protein might do when injected into an experimental animal. There must be a permissive factor in operation that allows these normally weak antigens (the great paradox of SLE!) to escape tolerance mechanisms. That factor could be an exogenous agent, such as a chemical that structurally alters selected macromolecules. Such a mechanism seems likely in patients with drug-induced lupus in whom autoimmune responses are focused against the same histone epitopes that are recognized by sera from patients with spontaneous SLE. Alternatively, foreign substances may elicit cross reactive antibodies that recognize "self" determinants, or endogenous metabolic disturbances might enhance exposure of selected macromolecules to the immune system. In any case, it now seems clear that the result in SLE patients is autoimmunity with a repetitive focus. Future research should concentrate on the 3 particles described here in order to identify common denominators that set them apart from other cellular elements and which predispose them to a role as autoantigens, to determine the extent to which these particles make contact with the immune system, and to learn how structural, humoral, or metabolic alterations might predispose individuals to respond to them immunologically. PMID- 3486663 TI - Induction of lupus inclusions by sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A sensitive in vitro bioassay for the alpha-interferon induction of lupus-type inclusions (LI) has been established with the human B lymphoblastoid cell line, Daudi. Sera from 11 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evaluated with this assay. LI induction by these sera increased in proportion to their antiviral activity on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Two of these sera did not induce LI; they showed no antiviral activity on the MDBK cell assay. Clinically and serologically, their donors were in remission. Two sera induced the formation of LI that exceeded the maximum frequencies obtained with 3 alpha interferon preparations. These sera had the greatest antiviral activities, and their donors had the greatest disease activities. Antisera to alpha-interferons prevented the induction of LI with the pure and homogeneous recombinant human leukocyte interferon, IFLrA, and SLE sera. Together, these results provide evidence that the alpha-interferon endogenous to SLE patients has a great ability to induce LI, and the SLE serum induction of LI corresponds well to the patient's disease activity. PMID- 3486662 TI - Interleukin-1 lymphocyte chemotactic activity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. AB - We examined the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the chemotactic activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF). Crude RA SF was found to be chemotactic for B cells and T cells. After AcA 54 gel filtration, the principal peaks of chemotactic activity were found in the 5-kd, 16-kd, and 60-kd fractions. The majority of the chemotactic activity for both the B cells (74-85%) and the T cells (69-78%) was removed from these fractions by treatment with anti-IL-1 antibody. However, in crude SF, approximately 60% of the chemotactic activity for B cells and 40% of that for T cells was removed, indicating the presence of additional chemotactic factors in RA SF. IL-1 activity, measured by the thymocyte proliferation assay, was demonstrated in RA SF AcA 54 Ultrogel fractions after separation from inhibitors of thymocyte proliferation that are present in crude SF. On chromatofocusing of the 16-kd fraction, the principal peaks of both thymocyte proliferation activity and chemotactic activity were present in the same fractions with pI values of 6.8, 5.7, and 5.2, which are characteristic of IL-1. The demonstration of IL-1-associated chemotactic activity in RA SF may reflect the presence in the RA synovial membrane (including both the lining layer and the subsynovial layer) of activated macrophages, interstitial histiocytic cells, and other IL-1-producing cells, such as endothelial cells. These findings suggest that such cells may attract lymphocytes to their environment by secretion of IL-1. PMID- 3486665 TI - [Preparation for the operation and anesthesia of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3486664 TI - Differential inhibitory properties of dog and human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors. AB - Dog alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) was found to be an effective inhibitor of bovine chymotrypsin and also of porcine pancreatic elastase as in the case of human inhibitor. The dog inhibitor inactivated both proteinases at a molar ratio of 1:1. However, compared to the human inhibitor, dog alpha 1-PI was a relatively poor inhibitor of bovine trypsin. The association rate constants (kass) of the interactions of dog alpha 1-PI with bovine chymotrypsin and with porcine elastase were determined to be 6.9 +/- 0.3 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 6.4 +/- 0.1 X 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively. These values are 1.3- and 2.7-fold higher than the corresponding values for the human inhibitor. On the other hand, kass for the dog inhibitor with bovine trypsin (2.6 +/- 0.3 X 10(4)M-1 s-1) was found to be about 5 times smaller than that of the human inhibitor. PMID- 3486666 TI - Problems in air cisternography. AB - False-positive computed tomography with air cisternography is suspected with either air in the lateral internal auditory canal or a flat filling defect. False negative air cisternography should be suspected if the internal auditory canal has a mottled appearance or if audiometric or auditory brain-stem response deficit progresses. PMID- 3486667 TI - [The in vitro antitumor effectiveness of murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced by recombinant IL-2]. AB - We have studied the in vitro antitumor effectiveness of murine lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells induced by recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2). LAK cells were generated by placing 5 X 10(7) fresh C 57 BL/6 splenocytes (erythrocytes were lysed osmotically) in 10-cm (diameter) dishes (Falcon) containing 10 ml of complete medium (CM). The CM consisted of RPMI 1640 with 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 microM sodium pyruvate, 5 X 10(-5)M 2-mercaptoethanol, 50 micrograms/ml gentamicin sulfate, 0.03% glutamine, 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) and 10 units/ml of rIL-2 (TGP-3, provided by TAKEDA Chemical Industries, Ltd). The dishes were incubated horizontally at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 72-96 hr. The LAK cells were then harvested, washed three times, and resuspended in RPMI 1640 with 5% heat-inactivated FCS for the in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The antitumor cytotoxic activity of LAK cells was estimated in triplicate by 4 hr 51Cr release assays. The cytotoxic activity of LAK cells against syngeneic 203 glioma and normal syngeneic glioblasts was approximately 50% and a few %, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of LAK cells against syngeneic EL-4 thymoma, allogeneic YAC-1 lymphoma and P-815 mastocytoma was 72%, 87% and 43%, respectively. Thus LAK cells have apparent tumor specificity in vitro and are easily generated. Fresh splenocytes of CBA/J mice were markedly lytic for natural killer (NK)-sensitive YAC-1 cells, but not for 203-glioma cells or NK-resistant P-815 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486669 TI - Comparison of oxytetracycline, rifampicin, Septrin and trimethoprim in the treatment of NSU. PMID- 3486670 TI - Comparative accessory cell function of Langerhans cells isolated from mouse skin. AB - We have isolated Fc receptor bearing cells from murine epidermis and examined these cells using both structural and functional methods. From 60 to 70% of these cells are Ia positive, phagocytic and express Mac 1 and F4.80 markers. They do not have Birkbeck granules in their cytoplasm. In functional studies these cells are not active as inducer cells in allogeneic and mitogen responses. The results do not support direct homology between these Langerhans cells and the interdigitating dendritic cell. Thus within the epidermis these cells may be more closely related to a macrophage, possibly involved in antigen uptake. PMID- 3486668 TI - The need for invasive cardiological assessment and operation: viewpoint of a district general hospital. AB - The uptake of cardiac catheterisation and operation and of permanent pacemaker implantation in a district hospital in Surrey from 1979 to 1984 was studied prospectively. The 1982-84 figures for coronary artery operation indicated that 362 procedures/million population/annum were needed in the district. If patients with greater than or equal to New York Heart Association grade II angina only received operation the corresponding figure would have been 325. The national need for these procedures (464/million population/year) was estimated by correcting for the low standardised mortality ratio for ischaemic heart disease in the health district that was studied. Valvular heart disease accounted for 79 operations/million population/annum and permanent pacemaker insertion for 87 procedures/million population/annum. These figures underline the substantial shortfall in modern cardiac care in the United Kingdom. PMID- 3486672 TI - T cell-mediated inhibition of haematopoiesis in aplastic anaemia: serial assay of inhibitory activities of T cells to autologous CFU-E during immunosuppressive therapy. AB - T cell-mediated inhibition of autologous erythroid colony formation was found in two patients with aplastic anaemia. Each patient was treated separately with ALG and methylprednisolone. Peripheral blood T cells were cryopreserved serially during the course of the disease. The inhibitory activity of T cells was assayed after remission using autologous bone marrow. The inhibitory activity of T cells was lost following the treatment and preceded haematopoietic recovery. PMID- 3486671 TI - Studies on a circulating anticoagulant inhibiting factor XI in a patient with congenital deficiency and carcinoma of the prostate. AB - An inhibitor of plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI), measured in coagulant and radioimmunoassays, was detected in a 60-year-old man with carcinoma of the prostate who had no evidence of a bleeding tendency. Family studies indicated that the patient was either a homozygote or a heterozygote for hereditary factor XI deficiency. In contrast to earlier described patients with factor XI deficiency in whom inhibitors were detected, the patient was unaware of having been transfused with blood or blood products at any time before the discovery of the inhibitor. The inhibitor of factor XI in the patient's plasma appeared to be predominantly in the IgG4 fraction and to be directed at a locus on the factor XI molecule other than the active site; it did not block the amidolytic properties of activated factor XI (XIa). Rather, it appeared to block adsorption of factor XI to negatively charged surfaces. The inhibitor interfered with measurement of other components of the intrinsic pathway of thrombin formation, perhaps explaining the low titres of other coagulation factors of the intrinsic system reported in patients with strong inhibitors directed against factor XI. PMID- 3486673 TI - Transition-state stabilization by adenosine deaminase: structural studies of its inhibitory complex with deoxycoformycin. AB - Experiments with radioactive deoxycoformycin indicate that the inhibitor is released from calf intestinal adenosine deaminase after the enzyme-inhibitor complex is disrupted by denaturation. Experiments with 2H2O and H218O indicate that the enzyme does not catalyze elimination-addition reactions that could have led to reversible covalent derivatization of the enzyme. Ultraviolet difference spectra and the influence of pH on inhibitor binding indicate that deoxycoformycin is bound intact as the neutral species, at a binding site that is less polar than solvent water. The enzyme-inhibitor complex appears to be held together by hydrogen bonds of extraordinary stability (ca. 10 kcal/mol). These results suggest that deamination proceeds by direct water attack, the enzyme acting as a general-base catalyst. PMID- 3486675 TI - Relationship of turbidity to the stages of platelet aggregation. AB - The process of platelet aggregation as detected by turbidity changes in the platelet aggregometer was studied relative to light scattering by large particles. For latex beads a plot of light scattering intensity/unit mass versus particle size gave increased light scattering intensity for small particle sizes but decreased scattering at large particle size. This behavior is predicted by Rayleigh-Gans theory. These results were related to the platelet aggregometer, an optical instrument used to measure the association of small particles (monomeric platelets) to large particles (platelet aggregates). Formalin-fixed platelets do not show changes in light transmission due to energy-requiring processes, such as shape change, so that turbidity changes in the presence of aggregating agents could be attributed to a change in platelet aggregation state. Small platelet aggregates showed increased turbidity compared to a similar mass of monomeric platelets. In fact, very large platelet aggregates that were visible to the unaided eye were needed to produce a decrease in light scattering intensity. Thus, turbidity can either increase or decrease with platelet aggregation depending on the size of the aggregates. Studies of platelet aggregation that show no initial increase in turbidity must be characterized by dominance of large platelet aggregates and monomeric platelets. PMID- 3486674 TI - Helical conformation at the carboxy-terminal portion of human C3a is required for full activity. AB - Human C3a, a 77-residue fragment released during complement activation, is a potent spasmogen that contracts smooth muscle, enhances vascular permeability, and suppresses humoral immune responses. Studies with synthetic peptides have shown that the active site of this anaphylatoxin resides in the COOH-terminal portion of C3a; the minimal peptide structure capable of expressing activity contains residues 73-77, Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg (C3a-73-77). Longer synthetic C3a analogue peptides, e.g., C3a-57-77 containing the 21 COOH-terminal amino acids, exhibit activity nearly equivalent to that of intact C3a. Circular dichroism spectra of peptide C3a-57-77 in aqueous buffer containing 25% (v/v) trifluoroethanol indicated helical structure (41% helix), and analysis of the sequence suggested an amphipathic surface. We have synthesized several 21-residue peptide analogues of the natural C3a sequence containing residues 57-77 that were designed to enhance helix and to accentuate amphipathy. Syntheses were designed to include strategic placement of the helix-promoting residues 2-aminobutyric acid (beta-methylalanine) and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (alpha-methylalanine). Two 21-residue C3a analogue peptides that were designed to enhance helical content were shown to exhibit greater biological activity than either the native factor C3a or C3a-57-77. Moreover, activity was abrogated by the appropriate placement of helix-breaking residues, e.g., proline, suggesting that a conformational requirement for activity is genuine. These observations suggest that a helical conformation is requisite for optimal C3a activity and that in intact C3a the NH2 terminal portion (residues 1-21) and the disulfide-linked core (residues 22-57) function primarily to stabilize ordered conformation at the COOH-terminal region of the molecule. PMID- 3486676 TI - Application of high-field 1H-NMR spectroscopy for the study of perifused amphibian and excised mammalian muscles. AB - Frog sartorius and gastrocnemius muscles were perifused at 20 degrees C, the intracellular pH (pHi) and the concentration of phosphocreatine were determined in the resting muscle by 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 470 MHz; values of pHi = 7.31 +/- 0.05 (n = 7) and concentration of phosphocreatine = 20.4 +/- 1.1 mumol/g wet wt. (n = 6) were found. The hydrolysis of phosphocreatine and the simultaneous increase in lactate upon perifusion with 10 mM caffeine (in Ringer's solution) was followed with a time resolution of 1 min. Lactate increased at a rate of 1.0 mumol/g per min, but no pHi change was recorded during the time monitored. The lower limit for the buffering capacity of the muscle cytosol was estimated to be 16.7 mumol/g muscle per pH unit from the uncertainty in pHi determination (+/- 0.03 pH units) and from the amount of lactate produced and phosphocreatine hydrolyzed. Changes in pHi, lactate concentration and fatty acyl chain intensity were monitored by 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 361 MHz in ischemic rat skeletal muscle, excised and stored at 20 degrees C. The resonances in the 1H-NMR spectrum of a human skeletal muscle perchloric acid extract are reported and tentatively assigned. PMID- 3486677 TI - [Inhibition of the binding and activation of the first component of human complement. The effect of synthetic peptides, immunoglobulin fragments and various proteins]. AB - A study has been carried out on the inhibition of the subcomponent Clq binding to sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) by the following synthetic peptides mimicking the structure of a putative complement binding site of immunoglobulin G: Boc-Trp Tyr, Boc-Tyr-Trp, Trp-Tyr, Boc-Trp-Phe, Boc-D-Trp-D-Tyr, Boc-D-Tyr-D-Trp, Boc-Leu Leu, Ac-Phe-Tyr, and commercial Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg (tuftsin). Boc-Trp-Tyr was found to be the most potent inhibitor of Clq binding to EA (Ki 2.86 X 10(-4) M), tuftsin ranking second with Ki 6 X 10(-4) M. The D,D-dipeptides failed to inhibit the Clq binding at the investigated concentrations. Insoluble Z-Trp-Tyr-OMe activated a classical pathway of complement system, as monitored by consumption of C4, C2 and C3 components. Synthetic octapeptide Boc-Glu-Val-Asp-Leu-Leu-Lys Asp-Glu-OMe (corresponding to the sequence 36-43 of beta 2-microglobulin) inhibited the Clq binding with Ki 4.7 X 10(-4) M, which gave grounds for localizing the complement binding site in beta 2-microglobulin. The finding in the Clq structure of the peptide sequence homologous to than of the pepsin active site, as well as the close similarity in the specificity of these proteins towards hydrophobic amino acid residues justified the assumption on the same structural bases of their specificity. The results of the present study, along with the literature data, underlie the hypothesis on the involvement in the complement binding of the following IgG residues: Trp277, Tyr278, Lys320, Lys322, Glu318 and Lys290. The enlisted residues are closely located in the three dimensional structure of the CH2 domain of IgG. Lysozyme and lactalbumin having the sequences homologous to Trp277-Tyr278 of IgG inhibited Clq binding to EA with Ki 3 and 1.5 microM respectively. PMID- 3486679 TI - High-voltage linear amplifier for transcutaneous neural stimulator applications. PMID- 3486678 TI - L-5-Hydroxytryptophan-induced delirium. PMID- 3486681 TI - [M-cholinergic receptors of B-lymphocytes during immune response in mice]. AB - The number of M-cholinergic receptors on spleen B-lymphocytes of CBA mice was determined using radioactive blocker 3H-Quinuclidinil benzilate. 3 and 4 days after the animals' immunization with ovalbumin the number of M-cholinergic receptors somewhat increased. Specific antigen attenuated M-cholinergic receptor expression on B-lymphocytes, most pronounced on day 4 after immunization, without affecting the receptor expression in control animals. Possible steric interaction between antigen-binding immunoglobulins and B-lymphocyte M-cholinergic receptors during immune response is suggested. PMID- 3486680 TI - Excess of lympho-reticular cell complexes in the bone marrow linked to T cell mediated dysmyelopoiesis. AB - The term dysmyelopoietic syndrome (DMPS) covers a variety of closely related disorders with various etiological factors, and characterized by chronic (pan) cytopenias whose prognosis and treatment are still controversial. Despite the recent efforts to identify pathogens, effector cells and soluble cell products involved in the development of this syndrome only a few comprehensive experimental data are available, useful for elaboration of therapeutic regimens. We describe here a patient with DMPS who was refractory to inductive chemotherapy. Initial agar gel culture studies revealed the activity of hematopoiesis inhibitory T cells within the bone marrow that could be suppressed by prednisone both in vitro and in vivo. However another pathological cell features, the excess of an unusual lympho-reticular cell complexes was identified in long-term liquid cultures. These symbiotic cell complexes persisted throughout the disease, despite the prednisone induced hematological remission, suggesting their causative role in the disease, that more recently progressed towards acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 3486683 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in normal bone marrow. AB - Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies from ten normal donors were stained directly with monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte, monocyte, and myeloid antigens, and were analyzed by flow cytometry. To avoid cell loss, lymphocytes were not specifically isolated prior to staining. T cells comprised 46% of aspirate lymphocytes and 22% of biopsy lymphocytes. Further, the Leu-3:Leu-2 ratio of bone marrow T cells was below 1.0. B cells comprised 8% to 11% of bone marrow lymphocytes in both aspirates and biopsies, and there was a substantial percentage of cells in the lymphocyte window that was negative for all B and T cell markers. The lymphocyte window had very little myeloid contamination; however, when the myeloid window was examined, staining was greater than 90%. PMID- 3486684 TI - The regulatory role of interleukin 2-responsive T lymphocytes on early and mature erythroid progenitor proliferation. AB - To analyze the role of T lymphocytes in human erythropoiesis, we evaluated the effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2) on marrow CFU-E and BFU-E colony formation in vitro. IL 2 resulted in an increase in CFU-E and BFU-E colony numbers in a dose-dependent manner. This increase could be prevented by anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody to the IL 2 receptor. Moreover, anti-Tac on its own resulted in an overall decrease in colony numbers. Depletion of marrow adherent cells did not alter the effect of either IL 2 or anti-Tac on colony growth. Following the removal of marrow T lymphocytes, CFU-E and BFU-E colony formation proceeded normally; however, the effects of IL 2 and anti-Tac were markedly diminished. Readdition of T lymphocytes to the cultures restored the IL 2 effect. Although T lymphocytes were not themselves essential for in vitro erythropoiesis, our studies suggest that IL 2 and IL 2-responsive T cells can regulate both early and mature stages of erythroid differentiation. PMID- 3486682 TI - [Interleukin 2 production in patients with thyroid diseases]. AB - Con A-induced production of interleukin 2 was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 15 normal subjects and 42 patients with different thyroid diseases. It was found that thyroid diseases are accompanied by changes in IL 2 production. The level of IL 2 production by T lymphocytes is determined by the functional status of thyroid glands, their anatomy, stages of the disease and mode of treatment. PMID- 3486685 TI - Etiologic aspects of cold agglutinin disease: evidence for cytogenetically defined clones of lymphoid cells and the demonstration that an anti-Pr cold autoantibody is derived from a chromosomally aberrant B cell clone. AB - This study investigated the clonal nature of cold agglutinin disease in a series of nine patients, which included the benign or idiopathic form as well as cases with an underlying lymphoma. Surface marker phenotyping and karyotypic analysis were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes. An increased proportion of B cells was found in four cases and in three of these patients a monoclonal B cell population was identified with a mu, kappa phenotype. In the same three cases, as well as an additional patient, an aberrant karyotype was demonstrated. The cytogenetic abnormality present in all four cases included trisomy 3; two patients also had a trisomy 12. One of these four patients had a well differentiated lymphoma and underwent a splenectomy. Splenic lymphocytes were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus and cultured en masse. Eight clones were established producing the same cold agglutinin with identical specificity as that present in the patient's plasma. Five of these clones were studied cytogenetically, and all had the same abnormal karyotype (51,XX,+3,+9,+12,+13,+18) found in peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes. Thus, in this case, the cold reactive autoantibody was produced by the chromosomally abnormal, neoplastic clone of lymphocytes. Our findings support the view that cold agglutinin disease represents a spectrum of clonal disorders. PMID- 3486686 TI - Purified plasma factor XIIa aggregates human neutrophils and causes degranulation. AB - Plasma kallikrein has been shown to aggregate human neutrophils and release human neutrophil elastase. However, neutrophils resuspended in factor XII-deficient plasma released only 30% of the elastase compared with normal plasma. Isolated human neutrophils were aggregated in a concentration-dependent fashion by 0.06 to 0.6 U/mL factor XIIa (0.022 to 0.22 mumol/L). Factor XIIa (0.1 to 1.0 U/mL) also induced neutrophil degranulation as evidenced by a concentration-dependent release of the specific granule protein, lactoferrin, and azurophilic granule protease, elastase. The release of neutrophil elastase was biphasic, reaching 40% of maximum at 15 seconds with maximal release by 90 minutes. The active site of factor XIIa was required, since the synthetic inhibitor, D-Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl, which reacts with an essential histidine, and the natural plasma inhibitor, Cl inhibitor, which interacts with the critical serine, both inhibit by more than 90% the release of elastase. The heavy chain is also required, since factor XII fragments failed to aggregate neutrophils or stimulate degranulation. Factor XIIa (0.6 U/mL) can completely correct the defect in elastase release evident in factor XII-deficient plasma. These studies demonstrate that factor XIIa, at concentrations potentially obtainable in plasma in disease states, can activate neutrophils, and thus may participate in the inflammatory response. PMID- 3486687 TI - Modulation of in vitro myelopoiesis by alloreactive T cell clones. AB - Regulatory effects of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-derived CD4+ human T cell clones on granulocyte-macrophage colony (CFU-GM) formation by normal bone marrow (BM) were studied in an initial attempt to establish an in vitro model for the negative feedback control of myelopoiesis by alloactivated T cells. This is likely to be of clinical significance in the aberrant control of haematopoiesis during some cases of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic BM transplantation. Whilst 5 such alloproliferative clones generally failed to suppress CFU-GM, the majority of clones with natural killer (NK)-like activity, or those with suppressive activity in MLC, regularly and strongly suppressed in this system, reinforcing the view that certain T cells may have potent negative regulatory effects on haematopoiesis. PMID- 3486690 TI - Tuberculosis of the pancreas: a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3486688 TI - Postjunctional inhibition of contractor responses in the mouse vas deferens by rat and human calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP). AB - The effects of rat and human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were compared in the mouse and rabbit isolated vas deferens preparation contracted by either field stimulation or acetylcholine. The peptides were about equipotent at inhibiting twitch responses of the mouse vas deferens to field stimulation at 0.2 Hz (IC50 12 +/- 4 nM and 15 +/- 3 nM, rat and human alpha-CGRP respectively). Rat alpha-CGRP was less potent at inhibiting responses to 10 Hz than to either 0.2 Hz or 1.0 Hz stimulation. The potency of rat alpha-CGRP at 1.0 Hz was unaltered by halving the calcium concentration of the Krebs solution. The inhibitory effect of human alpha-CGRP was not antagonized by either propranolol (300 nM) or idazoxan (300 nM), although in the same tissues these latter two drugs reduced responses to isoprenaline and clonidine respectively. Rat alpha-CGRP (100 nM) and human alpha-CGRP (1.0 microM) did not alter the uptake of [3H]-noradrenaline (30 nM) into mice isolated vasa deferentia. Rat alpha-CGRP (3-100 nM) did not alter the fractional release per pulse (1.0 Hz, 100 pulses) of tritium from vasa preloaded with [3H]-noradrenaline, although at the same time the peptide inhibited responses of the smooth muscle to field stimulation. Rat and human alpha-CGRP were equipotent at inhibiting contractions of the mouse vas deferens evoked by acetylcholine although the peptides were less potent than against twitch responses. In the rabbit vas deferens neither rat nor human alpha-CGRP (3 nM-1 microM) inhibited either twitch responses or acetylcholine contractions. 7 These results suggest that rat and human alpha-CGRP inhibit contractor responses of the mouse vas deferens not by interference with adrenergic mechanisms, but through postjunctional (possibly CGRP) receptors. A similar mechanism may underlie effects ofCGRP in other tissues. The rabbit vas deferens appears to lack the CGRP 'receptors'. PMID- 3486689 TI - Diabetes mellitus and the rheumatologist. PMID- 3486691 TI - Colonic haemorrhage: a technique for rapid intra-operative bowel preparation and colonoscopy. AB - We describe a new technique of operative orthograde colonic washout followed by colonoscopy for use in patients with severe colonic haemorrhage. We report its use in four patients in whom the exact source of bleeding was localized and treated. In two of these cases a policy of 'blind' hemicolectomy would have been incorrect. The technique is simple and safe, and we advocate its use during laparotomy for major colonic haemorrhage. PMID- 3486692 TI - Dynamics of adaptive change in vestibulo-ocular reflex direction. I. Rotations in the horizontal plane. AB - Horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) eye movements were recorded in alert cats before and after adaptation to vertical optokinetic motion coupled with horizontal rotation at 0.05, 0.25 or 1.0 Hz. Within 15-30 min, the VOR measured in darkness acquired a vertical component; the maximal directional change in the VOR occurred at the frequency of the adapting stimulus. At other frequencies the gain was less and there were phase leads or lags for higher or lower frequencies, respectively. Adaptive VOR was stable for at least 14 h in unrestrained animals with no visual input and decayed within 30 min during rotation in a stationary visual world. PMID- 3486694 TI - CRF-induced seizures and behavior: interaction with amygdala kindling. AB - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in doses varying from 10 to 100 micrograms has been reported to produce the late onset of seizures that resemble those observed during electrical kindling of the amygdala. We assessed the effects of repeated CRF administration on seizure development and on subsequent electrical kindling of the amygdala. Rats were administered vehicle or CRF (100 micrograms in 10 microliter of sterile water, i.c.v.) once daily for 5 consecutive days and were rated for seizures and aggressive behavior. On days 1 or 2, all animals receiving CRF developed major motor seizures of late onset (1-5 h post-injection), accompanied by spiking in the amygdala. By day 5, however, no rats had seizures, suggesting the development of tolerance. Defensive biting attacks were also observed following latencies of several hours and tolerance appeared to develop to these as well. After the CRF regimen, treated rats developed amygdala-kindled seizures following electrical stimulation approximately twice as fast as vehicle-injected controls (P less than 0.03). In a second experiment, rats were electrically kindled or sham-kindled prior to receiving i.c.v. CRF (100 micrograms). Kindled animals were significantly less sensitive to the seizure-inducing effects of CRF (P less than 0.03), but were more intensely aggressive than sham-kindled animals or naive rats receiving CRF for the first time. PMID- 3486693 TI - Dynamics of adaptive change in vestibulo-ocular reflex direction. II. Sagittal plane rotations. AB - Alert cats were rotated sinusoidally (0.25 Hz) in their sagittal plane while viewing optokinetic motion in their horizontal plane. Vertical and horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was measured in the dark before and after 2 h of these adaptation stimuli in upright or onside orientation of the cat. Onside exposure produced maximal adaptive horizontal VOR at the training frequency. Upright exposure produced highest gain at lower frequencies. A cat with inoperative vertical canals adapted only to upright exposure. We conclude that in the presence of horizontal image rotation either vertical canal or otolith stimulation can produce adaptation in VOR direction and stimulation of both produces complex adaptation dynamics. PMID- 3486695 TI - The distribution of muscle primary afferents from the masseter nerve to the trigeminal sensory nuclei. AB - Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase--wheat germ agglutinin conjugate was used to study the pattern of termination of somatic afferent fibers innervating the masseter muscle within the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC) of the cat. The central processes of the masseteric nerve terminated in the caudal third of the pars interpolaris, and laminae I/V through the caudal two thirds of caudalis and rostral parts of the C1 spinal cord segment. The functional significance of the masseteric afferent projections to the TSNC with a preferential pattern was discussed, particularly with respect to muscle pain. PMID- 3486697 TI - Cell death organizes the postnatal development of the trigeminal innervation of the cerebral vasculature. AB - In the adult trigeminal ganglion single cell bodies that innervate the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are different from but situated near to one or more cell bodies that innervate the forehead (O'Connor and Van der Kooy, submitted). Multiple fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing in postnatal day 3-90 rats was employed to describe the development of this adult pattern of trigeminal projections. We found that close to 90% of the cells that innervate the MCA at postnatal day 5 (PND 5) are eliminated by PND 90. Less than 20% of the ganglion cells innervating the forehead die over the same postnatal period. Subpopulations of cells in the ganglion were observed to have a maximal rate of death during different postnatal periods. First, 15-20% of the cells throughout the ophthalmic division die between PND 5 and PND 10. Second, a small population of cells that had early projections to the contralateral MCA die out completely by PND 22. Third, cells with a projection only to the MCA die primarily between PND 10 and PND 54. Fourth, during the first postnatal week there are many cells that project to both the MCA and the forehead; however, 90% of this population dies by PND 90. This elimination is observed latest in the postnatal period, with these cells exhibiting their greatest rate of cell death between PND 22 and PND 90. Thus, cell death is the primary postnatal mechanism that produces this organization in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal ganglion and retraction of axonal collaterals is a minor mechanism. We suggest that the latest period of death in cells with divergent artery and forehead projections as well as the ultimate persistence of some artery projecting cells beyond PND 90, may be due to the larger peripheral fields of innervation of these trigeminal ganglion cells. PMID- 3486696 TI - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell-mediated lysis of murine glioma: trypsin chymotrypsin-sensitive glioma protein is responsible for tumor-selective recognition by LAK cells. AB - The killing of Fischer rat 9L glioma in vitro by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was studied. LAK cells generated by culturing Fischer spleen cells with recombinant interleukin 2 markedly lysed glioma cells but did not kill syngeneic normal brain tissue in a chromium release microcytotoxicity assay. Susceptibility of glioma to lysis by LAK cells was markedly diminished by pretreating the glioma cells with trypsin or chymotrypsin but was unaffected by pretreatment with neuraminidase, glycosidases, or sodium periodate. These results suggest that LAK cell killing of glioma is probably tumor-selective and that a crucial cell surface determinant on glioma cells responsible for its tumor selective lysis by LAK is a protein sensitive to trypsin and chymotrypsin. PMID- 3486698 TI - Methylazoxymethanol acetate cortical hypoplasia alters the pattern of stimulation induced behavior in neonatal rats. AB - In an attempt to identify a neural basis for the developmental progression in the organization of behavior evidenced in responses to lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation, the responses to medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation of pups whose mothers had been treated with saline or the antimitotic agent methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on gestational Day 15 were measured. Administration of MAM at this age produces a severe and lasting cortical hypoplasia. Monopolar stainless-steel electrodes aimed at the MFB at the level of the lateral hypothalamus were implanted in pups 3, 10, 15 and 20 days of age and responses to 500 ms trains of stimulation were recorded. At 3 and 10 days of age, the number of behavioral responses increased with increasing frequency of stimulation in both MAM and saline-treated pups. Ten-day-old MAM-treated pups, however, displayed 'significantly less behavioral organization in their pattern of responding to stimulation. MAM pups, unlike saline-treated pups, continued to respond to stimulation at Day 15. Even at postnatal Day 20 some MAM-treated pups responded to stimulation. Neurochemical analysis of the brains of littermates demonstrated a significant increase in choline acetyltransferase levels indicating a relative hyperinnervation of afferent cholinergic terminals, confirming the cortical hypoplasia and replicating earlier work. These results suggest a role for the developing neocortex in organizing the behavioral responses to stimulation. The onset of cortical inhibitory mechanisms may channel behavioral responses in normally developing pups and prevent the characteristic activational responses to stimulation in Day-15 pups. PMID- 3486699 TI - Topographic organization of peripheral trigeminal ganglionic projections in newborn rats. AB - Retrograde transport of fluorescent tracers (true blue and diamidino yellow) was employed to delineate the topography of the peripheral projections of trigeminal ganglion cells in newborn (less than 12 h of age) rats. Identical injections were made in adult animals for comparison. In neonates, both inter- and intradivisional topography of ganglionic projections were adult-like. Neurons which innervated mandibular fields were located posterolaterally while cells with ophthalmic or maxillary projections were restricted to the anteromedial and central parts of the ganglion, respectively. An adult-like topographic representation of the mystacial vibrissae follicles was also evident in the neonates. PMID- 3486700 TI - Changes in the cellular immune response by a subfraction of burned murine skin. AB - Sepsis due to impaired host defence mechanisms is one of the most frequent causes of death in severely burned patients. However, it is not precisely known to what extent syntheses and release of suppressive mediators of the burned tissue affect the cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study a decreased production of plasminogen activator by macrophages is demonstrated after incubation with skin components, indicating a decreased macrophage helper function for T-B cell cooperation. An additional effect of the skin fraction is a considerable increase in mitogenic activity as measured in the antibody-forming cell test. This enhancement of macrophage-T-B cell cooperation is concentration dependent and lower in the burned skin fraction as compared to the unburned control. A known skin-derived cytokine with mitogenic properties is epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF) exhibiting interleukin-1 (I1-1) like activity including mitogenic enhancement of murine thymocyte stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin. Burned and control skin fraction as tested in a thymocyte assay did not show interleukin-1-like activity. The experiments suggest the presence of a skin-derived growth factor which is not interleukin-1 but which stimulates T-B cell cooperation when there is depression of macrophage function. Further purification is required in order to assess the clinical relevance of the factor in burned patients. PMID- 3486701 TI - Issues in the definition of child sexual abuse in prevalence research. AB - Despite efforts to promote uniform criteria for defining child sexual abuse, there are still variations in the definitions adopted by individual researchers. This paper focuses on four representative studies, describes differences in the definitions used and examines how such differences may contribute to discrepancies in the estimated prevalence of abuse. Similarities and dissimilarities are identified in several areas: the upper age limit for child sexual abuse, the criteria used to define a given sexual experience as abusive, the inclusion or exclusion of experiences involving age peers, and the use of different criteria for incidents occurring during adolescence. Prevalence rates from one study, which used a slightly less restrictive definition of abuse, were recalculated based on the definitions of other researchers. This resulted in a 14% decrease in the number of individuals identified as abused. While this is a substantial change, it accounts for only a portion of the discrepancy in prevalence rates, suggesting that other factors, such as methodological differences, need to be examined with regard to their impact on prevalence rates. Historical and legal issues pertaining to the definition of child sexual abuse are also discussed. PMID- 3486702 TI - Methodological considerations in research on the prevalence of child sexual abuse. AB - Recent studies with nonclinical populations have yielded widely varying estimates of the prevalence of child sexual abuse. This paper focuses on four representative studies, describing how differences in methodology and sample characteristics may contribute to the variation in prevalence rates. Two aspects of data collection appear to be the most significant factors accounting for discrepant findings. First, the use of face-to-face interviews is associated with much higher prevalence rates than the use of self-administered questionnaires. Second, higher prevalence rates are reported in studies that use multiple questions to ask about specific types of abusive sexual behavior. Variation in the age range of subjects is an additional factor that may also have an effect on prevalence rates. The evidence reviewed points to several aspects of methodology and sample characteristics that do not seem to influence prevalence findings. These are the use of random sampling techniques, the area of the country in which the study is conducted, the educational level of subjects, and the ethnic composition of the sample. PMID- 3486703 TI - Left ventricular function in coronary disease: serial studies in the absence of myocardial infarction or coronary artery surgery. AB - Fifteen patients with coronary artery disease underwent repeat cardiac catheterization (R) 7-45 months (mean 19.4) after the initial study (I) because of increasing angina. No patient sustained a myocardial infarction between I and R or underwent coronary artery surgery. Left ventricular function exhibited variability between the two studies with 6 patients demonstrating deterioration in ejection fractions (I = 65.6 = +/- 14.0 vs R = 50.5 +/- 15.4 p less than 0.01); 5 patients had a slight increase and the remainder showed no change. Changes in left ventricular volumes were not significant. Eight patients demonstrated progression of their coronary artery disease. The remaining 7 patients did not demonstrate progression. All 8 patients with progression and 5 of 7 patients without coronary artery progression demonstrated left ventricular asynergy. There was no difference in left ventricular function in the group of patients with coronary progression vs. those without progression. We conclude that changes in LV function are variable in patients with coronary artery disease in the absence of myocardial infarction or coronary surgery, and the relationship to progression of coronary artery disease or increasing angina is unclear. PMID- 3486705 TI - Few genetic mutations, many cancers, say experts. PMID- 3486704 TI - Life salvage with fibrin glue in three cases of exsanguinating hemorrhage. AB - Fibrin glue, although widely used in Europe for a decade, has not been commercially available in North America because its fibrinogen component is obtained from multiple, pooled, human blood donors with the subsequent increased risk of blood transmissible diseases. Techniques developed recently to isolate fibrinogen from single-donor plasma will circumvent these potential hazards. In Canada the use of fibrin glue has not been widespread even though biologic fibrin glue can be made from components readily available within most hospitals. Equal amounts of cryoprecipitate from fresh frozen plasma and bovine thrombin will combine within 2 minutes to form the fibrin glue. Simultaneous injections of each component at bleeding sites form a film of the glue that will effectively control even small arterial bleeding. The authors present three case reports to illustrate how use of the glue can save lives in cases of exsanguinating hemorrhage. They discuss the multiple applications of the fibrin glue which they believe will soon be part of the armamentarium of all Canadian surgeons. PMID- 3486706 TI - Persistent Trichomonas vaginalis infection due to a metronidazole-resistant strain. PMID- 3486708 TI - The relation of susceptibility to and biologic behavior of thyroid epithelial cell cancer to HLA-DR1. AB - Fifty-two patients with thyroid epithelial cell cancer were studied for evidence of association with human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Twenty-eight patients (53.8%) and 19.4% of 160 controls were HLA-DR1-positive, conferring a relative risk of 4.85 (chi 2 = 21.3, P less than 0.0001). HLA-DR1 was increased in all histologic types of thyroid cancer. Interestingly 10 of 12 patients with metastatic disease were DR1-positive compared to 18 of 41 patients without metastases (relative risk = 6.1, chi 2 = 4.7, P less than 0.05). This study suggests that major histocompatibility complex-linked gene(s) determine susceptibility to and the biologic behavior of thyroid cancer. PMID- 3486707 TI - Statement on Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 3486709 TI - Ability of cyclophosphamide in the absence of cross-linking activity to exert the immunomodulatory effect required for the cure of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. AB - We have previously shown that mice bearing a late-stage, large primary MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and extensive metastases can be cured by a low dose of the bifunctional alkylating drug, cyclophosphamide (BiCY) (J.C.D. Hengst et al., Cancer Res., 40: 2135-2141, 1980). Here we show that therapy with the monofunctional form of cyclophosphamide (MoCY) can also cure such mice. However, a dose of at least 150 mg of MoCY per kg is required to approximate the curative effectiveness of the lowest curative dose of BiCY, i.e., 15 mg/kg. This need for a 10-fold higher dose of MoCY is due, at least in part, to the 10-fold lower direct tumoricidal and/or tumoristatic activity of MoCY compared to BiCY. Consequently, a 10-fold higher dose of MoCY is required to directly reduce the tumor burden to the level reduced by 15 mg of BiCY per kg. Other than dose, the therapy of the mice with 150 mg of MoCY per kg was similar in its essential features to that shown previously for therapy with 15 mg of BiCY per kg (J.C.D. Hengst et al., Cancer Res., 40: 2135-2141, 1980; J.C.D. Hengst et al., Cancer Res., 41:2163-2167, 1981; Q-W. Ye et al., Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 16:162 169, 1984; Q-W. Ye and M.B. Mokyr, Cancer Res., 44: 3873-3879, 1984; M.B. Mokyr and S. Dray, Cancer Res., 43: 3112-3119, 1983), namely: (a) the drug does not directly eradicate all tumor cells; (b) host T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity is also required for the curative effect; (c) the therapy of tumor bearers leads to the rapid appearance of an augmented antitumor immune potential in their hitherto immunosuppressed spleen; and (d) the cured mice are resistant to a subsequent challenge with at least 300-fold the minimal lethal tumor dose. Thus, cross-linking is not an essential property for the immunomodulatory activity of BiCY nor for its direct antitumor effect. However, in the presence of cross linking activity, a much lower dose of drug is effective. PMID- 3486710 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy of established murine renal cancer by interleukin 2 stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - We have used a transplantable experimental murine renal carcinoma (Renca) to evaluate the adjuvant immunotherapeutic potential of cytotoxic lymphocytes stimulated by in vitro incubation for 24 h with human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). The Renca tumor model is therapeutically challenging since, following intrarenal implant, it grows progressively with local invasion and development of spontaneous metastases in abdominal lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. Therefore, successful treatment requires control of both primary tumor, local and regional invasive growth, and systemic metastases. Our studies have shown that rIL-2 stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes efficiently lyse Renca in vitro. Further, both doxorubicin hydrochloride and an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide also inhibited the growth of Renca in vitro. In vivo administration of doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide or rIL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes and rIL 2 to mice bearing established Renca tumors (7-day disease) resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in short-term survivors (at 45 days), but only 17% cures. However, combination chemoimmunotherapy consisting of doxorubicin hydrochloride and rIL-2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes plus rIL-2 results in the cure of 67% of mice bearing established Renca. These results demonstrate that chemotherapy and immunotherapy with adoptively transferred cytotoxic lymphocytes can function synergistically in the treatment of established murine renal carcinoma. PMID- 3486711 TI - Changes in nucleoside transport of HL-60 human promyelocytic cells during N,N dimethylformamide induced differentiation. AB - The rate of nucleoside transport decreased profoundly in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells after myeloid differentiation was induced by 5-6 days of exposure to 0.8% N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The facilitated diffusion of 100 microM radiolabeled adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine, measured by rapid transport assays, decreased 10- to 20-fold. The transport of 2 microM coformycin or 2' deoxycoformycin, which is mediated by the same mechanism and was monitored by the adenosine deaminase titration assay, decreased 29-fold. The reduction in nucleoside transport capacity after DMF treatment was confirmed by a 19-fold decrease in the number of specific binding sites per cell (from 24-30 X 10(4) to 1.2-1.7 X 10(4)) for [3H]-6-p-nitrobenzylthioinosine, a nucleoside transport inhibitor. The binding affinity of 6-p-nitrobenzylthioinosine was not altered significantly and nucleoside transport remained sensitive to the transport inhibitors, 6-p-nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, and dilazep after DMF induced maturation. Time-dependence studies showed that the rate of 100 microM deoxyadenosine transport was unchanged for the first 24 h of exposure to DMF but fell to about 36% of control rates at 24-26 h and then gradually decreased further to about 4-5% of control rates after 5-6 days. In contrast, transport rates of the purine bases were reduced only 2- to 3-fold in HL-60 cells after 5 days of DMF treatment. The rates of adenosine and deoxyadenosine transport were unchanged or reduced by no more than 2-fold after 5-6 days of exposure to 0.8% DMF in the following human tumor cell lines that are not inducible with DMF: ARH 77 (multiple myeloma), KG-1 (acute myelogenous), and K-562 (chronic myelogenous). Thus, changes in nucleoside transport may serve as an early, membrane-associated marker of differentiation of the HL-60 cell line. PMID- 3486712 TI - Cell surface sialic acid and the invasive and metastatic potential of T-cell hybridomas. AB - T-cell hybridomas prepared by fusion of non-invasive non-metastatic BW5147 T lymphoma cells and activated normal T-cells were found to be highly invasive in vitro and highly metastatic in vivo upon tail vein injection. By prolonged culturing and subcloning, non-invasive, non-metastatic hybrids were selected with modal DNA/cell contents close to the diploid value of both fusion partners. Since normal activated T-cells were invasive in vitro in hepatocyte cultures, these data suggest that invasiveness of the hybrids is derived from the parental normal T-cells and is one of the properties responsible for the metastatic potential of these cells. Analysis of a large panel of T-cell hybrids with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins, specific for terminal galactose and/or N acetylgalactosamine sugar residues, showed an inverse correlation between expression of lectin receptor sites and invasive and metastatic potential of the hybrids. Soybean agglutinin, as well as peanut agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin, reacted strongly with non- or low-invasive hybrids but only weakly with invasive hybrids. The difference in lectin binding between both types of hybrids appeared to be due to masking of receptor sites by sialic acid. Removal of cell surface sialic acid by neuraminidase treatment unmasked the lectin receptor sites of invasive hybrids to the level of the corresponding sites of non or low-invasive cells. This increase in active lectin binding sites was simultaneously accompanied by a striking decrease of invasiveness to the level of the low-invasive hybrids. Conversely, the blocking of R. communis agglutinin receptors by sialic acid allowed selection of invasive hybrids from segregating cell populations with the toxic lectin R. communis agglutinin. The results taken together indicate that sialylation of particular cell surface carbohydrate residues on the T-cell hybridomas is associated with the invasive and metastatic potential of these hybrids. The reduction of invasive potential after removal of cell surface sialic acid provides further evidence for a functional role of this sugar residue in invasiveness of the T-cell hybrids. PMID- 3486713 TI - Presence of alpha-lactalbumin, epidermal growth factor, epithelial membrane antigen, and gross cystic disease fluid protein (15,000 daltons) in breast cyst fluid. AB - The frequency of gross cystic breast disease in premenopausal women and its possible association with increased breast cancer risk emphasize the importance of investigations relating to breast cyst fluid composition. In order to contribute to a better analysis of this medium, we have measured four proteins the presence of which in human milk was well documented. Breast cyst fluid specimens from 266 breast cyst disease patients were assayed and compared as to concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin, gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP 15), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). All the analyzed cyst fluids contained GCDFP-15, EMA, and EGF whereas alpha lactalbumin was detected in only 14.2% of fluids assayed. Positive correlations were observed between GCDFP-15 and EMA concentrations (P less than 0.005), as well as GCDFP-15 and EGF concentrations (P less than 0.0005). The cyst fluid GCDFP-15 and EGF levels were higher when alpha-lactalbumin concentrations were below detection limits. This association was statistically significant for GCDFP 15 (P less than 0.03) and for EGF (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that GCDFP-15 and EMA could be the biochemical expression of apocrine metaplasia and epithelial hyperplasia, respectively, two histopathological features which characterize breast cystic disease. On the other hand, the occasional presence of alpha-lactalbumin in the cyst fluid would reflect the persistence of differentiated cells in the epithelium surrounding the cyst and would be inversely proportional to the degree of cellular proliferation. The omnipresence of EGF in the cyst fluid argues for the hypothesis of its production by the mammary gland. The highly significant relationship between GCDFP-15 and EGF levels in the medium remains to be elucidated but may be related to an androgen sensitivity in the breast epithelium surrounding the cyst. PMID- 3486714 TI - Enzymic degradation of the mycobacterial O-methyl-D-glucose polysaccharide by a Rhizopus-mold alpha amylase, an enzyme active on 6-O-methyl-amylo oligosaccharides. AB - An enzyme activity that catalyzes hydrolysis of an alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-O methyl-D-glucan was detected in, and purified from, Rhizopus oryzae mold. The enzyme acts like an alpha amylase and digests unmodified amylo-oligosaccharides 10 to 15 times as fast as it does the 6-O-methyl and 6-deoxy derivatives. When the limit product obtained by digesting the mycobacterial O-methyl-D-glucose polysaccharide with pancreatic alpha amylase and Aspergillus glucoamylase was further digested with the Rhizopus alpha amylase, di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharide fragments composed of alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-O-methyl-D-glucose were released. The rest of the molecule was recovered as oligosaccharides terminated by two, or three, alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-O-methyl-D-glucose residues. PMID- 3486716 TI - A critical care approach to the implementation of the standards of cardiovascular nursing practice. PMID- 3486715 TI - Treatment of adenocarcinoma in the peritoneum of mice: chemoimmunotherapy with IL 2-stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes as a model for treatment of minimal residual disease. AB - We have used a transplantable murine adenocarcinoma of renal origin (Renca) introduced to the abdomen by i.p. injection of a tumor cell suspension, to study the therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy and/or biological response modifiers (BRMs). This tumor model is therapeutically challenging since the tumor grows progressively resulting in extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis, with hemorrhagic ascites, metastases to abdominal lymph nodes, liver, most serous membranes, spleen, and in some animals, pulmonary metastases. Without therapy, death occurs invariably in 36 +/- 3 days. In vitro, the tumor is lysed by lymphocytes obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice treated with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and by cytotoxic lymphocytes stimulated by in vitro culture with human rIL-2. Treatment of i.p. Renca with a single i.p. injection of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), or adoptive transfer of in vitro stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes together with rIL 2 cured 50% and 20% of the tumor-bearing mice, respectively. In contrast, combined therapy with DOX and adoptive transfer of in vitro stimulated cytotoxic lymphocytes and rIL-2 cured the majority (90%) of tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that administration of immunotherapy with in vitro activated cytotoxic cells together with human rIL-2 substantially enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy. PMID- 3486717 TI - Reflex hypotension due to regional activation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors to explain the hypotension noted in clinical myocardial ischaemia or reperfusion. AB - To determine if regional increases in myocardial contractility, as may occur clinically in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or coronary thrombolysis, can initiate the reflex hypotension that sometimes accompanies these conditions, regional injections of positive inotropic agents were made into 32(3)% of the left ventricular myocardium in seven pneumonectomised dogs on total cardiac bypass. The coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in resistance. Regional injections of doses from 0.001 to 1.0 micrograms noradrenaline in a 0.1 ml volume appreciably increased regional contractility, detected visually and by strain gauge arches, whereas global contractility (left ventricular peak dP/dt) was increased much less. This caused a fall in the systemic pressure (resistance) of 14(2)% below the control value of 78(5)mm Hg, at the largest dose. The decreases in resistance were abolished by bilateral vagotomy, proving their reflex nature. The smaller (0.0001-0.01 micrograms) doses of noradrenaline and the smallest (0.25 micrograms) dose of veratridine increased regional contractility almost without increasing global contractility, indicating that the increase in regional contractility was the major cause of the reflex decrease in systemic resistance. In one animal a decrease in contractility in a control myocardial region occurred simultaneously with the experimentally produced increase in regional left ventricular contractility. This decrease may be analogous to the increase in contractility in the non-ischaemic left ventricular myocardium that occurs simultaneously with the decrease in contractility in the ischaemic region in clinical or experimental myocardial infarction. Left ventricular mechanoreceptors in the region with increased contractility probably initiate the reflex hypotension that sometimes occurs in both circumstances. Thus in angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction the reflex hypotension probably originates in the hyperactive non-ischaemic myocardial region, whereas in coronary arterial thrombolysis it probably originates in the newly reperfused, formerly ischaemic, region. PMID- 3486718 TI - Immunomodulation: plasma cold insoluble globulin protects cytotoxic peripheral blood lymphocytes from adenosine 5'-triphosphate inhibition. PMID- 3486719 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and hormonal substances on the carbohydrate components of the oviduct of the Rana esculenta complex. PMID- 3486720 TI - [Analysis of the 1st results of single-photon emission tomography in the detection of focal lesions in Hodgkin's disease and in liver tumors]. PMID- 3486721 TI - Diversity, rearrangement, and expression of murine T cell gamma genes. AB - Although the T cell gamma genes are similar in many respects to T cell receptor alpha and beta genes, earlier studies suggested that only a single gamma variable (V gamma) gene is expressed in mature T cells. We report the isolation and characterization of three new rearranged V gamma genes from murine fetal thymocytes. Although each of the new V gamma gene rearrangements is present in fetal thymocytes, two of them are undetectable in mature T cells. The levels of mRNA corresponding to each type of V gamma gene rearrangement in mature T cells are dramatically diminished compared with those in fetal thymocytes, although the abundance of two of the rearranged genes is increased in mature T cells. Our results demonstrate that there is significant expressed variability of gamma genes in immature T cells. Furthermore, the dynamics of gamma gene rearrangement and expression support the idea that gamma genes function in immature T cells. PMID- 3486722 TI - Studies on peptides. CXXXV. Preparation of seven peptide fragments for the synthesis of human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP). PMID- 3486723 TI - Studies on peptides. CXXXVI. Solution-phase synthesis of a 37-residue peptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of human calcitonin gene related peptide (hCGRP). PMID- 3486725 TI - Increased uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in postischemic myocardium of patients with exercise-induced angina. AB - Regional myocardial perfusion and exogenous glucose uptake were assessed with rubidium-82 (82Rb) and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in 10 normal volunteers and 12 patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris by means of positron emission tomography. In patients at rest, the myocardial uptake of 82Rb and FDG did not differ significantly from that measured in normal subjects. The exercise test performed within the positron camera in eight patients produced typical chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic changes in all. In each of the eight patients a region of reduced cation uptake was demonstrated in the 82Rb scan recorded at peak exercise, after which uptake of 82Rb returned to the control value 5 to 14 min after the end of the exercise. In these patients, FDG was injected in the recovery phase when all the variables that were altered during exercise, including regional myocardial 82Rb uptake, had returned to control values. In all but one patient, FDG accumulation in the regions of reduced 82Rb uptake during exercise was significantly higher than that in the nonischemic regions, i.e., the ones with a normal increment of 82Rb uptake on exercise. In the nonischemic areas, FDG uptake was not significantly different from that found in normal subjects after exercise. In conclusion, myocardial glucose transport and phosphorylation seem to be enhanced in the postischemic myocardium of patients with exercise-induced ischemia. PMID- 3486724 TI - Clinical chemistry of monoamine oxidase. PMID- 3486726 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function as determined in a same-day test with use of bentiromide and p-aminosalicylic acid. AB - We describe a new approach to the bentiromide test of exocrine pancreatic function, p-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS), a compound closely related to the bentiromide fragment p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), is used as a marker of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PABA to derive a PABA excretion index. This index is identical to that derived with [14C]-PABA. Concentrations of both PABA and PAS are measured in urine by "high-performance" liquid chromatography, which avoids the drug interferences encountered with established assays of PABA. We discuss the practical and diagnostic advantages of this new approach to the bentiromide test. PMID- 3486727 TI - Quantitation of CK-MB release: diagnostic utility in coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The quantitative release of creatine kinase (CK-MB) into the circulation of 97 patients receiving between three and five distal aorto-coronary bypass grafts was used to quantitate the minimal operative myocardial injury and to determine the diagnostic utility of this measurement in the detection of perioperative myocardial infarction. Independently read electrocardiography (ECG) was used to define infarction. The +/- SD confidence range for traumatized heart tissue based on 88 patients without infarction was 0-40.5 g equivalents. Six patients with perioperative myocardial infarction had values significantly above this range. Three patients with indeterminate ECG both released CK-MB significantly above the reference range and were clearly abnormal from a clinical standpoint. PMID- 3486728 TI - Is salt-wasting in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to the same gene as the fasciculata defect? AB - Clinical studies in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were designed to ascertain the genetics of the salt-wasting component of the disorder. The gene controlling aldosterone biosynthesis may not be the same gene that controls 21-hydroxylase in the adrenal zona fasciculata. This we infer from the following clinical observations: (1) concordance for salt wasting is not observed in all HLA-identical sibs with CAH; (2) the defect in aldosterone biosynthesis does not persist throughout life as does the fasciculata defect; (3) there is a significantly increased gene frequency of B40 and Bw47 in salt-wasting CAH; (4) obligate heterozygote parents of patients with salt-wasting CAH do not express a partial defect in aldosterone biosynthesis, as they do in the fasciculata. These observations cast doubt on the accepted concept of the autosomal recessive transmission of the glomerulosa 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3486729 TI - Possible mechanisms of reduction of nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis. AB - Nasal mucus was collected from 38 patients with chronic sinusitis. Following this collection, nasal mucociliary clearance (ST) was measured by the saccharin granule technique. Nasal mucus was used for in vitro frog palate clearance studies and then compared with the in vivo ST. The mucociliary transport rate of nasal mucus on mucus-depleted frog palate (MTR on frog palate) was 5.93 +/- 1.04 mm/min in the patients whose ST was within normal range (group A), and was 5.54 +/- 1.94 mm/min in the patients whose ST was above the normal range (group B). Significant differences were not observed in MTR on frog palate between groups A and B and no significant correlation was noted between ST and MTR. These results suggest that factors other than the rheological properties of nasal mucus control nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic sinusitis. PMID- 3486730 TI - Analysis of interleukin 1 mediated radioprotection. AB - The potential value of interleukin 1 (IL-1) containing supernatants as a radioprotective agent was evaluated. It was found that the response of irradiated thymocytes to mitogens was partially restored if IL-1 containing supernatants was included in the culture medium immediately after irradiation. A delay of 24 h in the addition of IL-1 and mitogen abrogated the radioprotection effect. Under the same conditions IL-2 containing supernatants were effective, suggesting that the dose modifying effect of IL-1 acts through induction of IL-2 elaboration. The results of the present study may be important in cases where it is necessary to restore depressed immune response resulting from irradiation accidents or radiotherapy. PMID- 3486732 TI - Interleukin 2 activity in chronic liver disease and the effect of in vitro alpha interferon. AB - To investigate mitogen induced helper interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), IL-2 activity was assessed by an IL-2 bioassay using phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). IL-2 activity was significantly reduced in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis (P less than 0.01), and was comparable to controls in those with alcoholic cirrhosis alone. In vitro preincubation of PBMNC with lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) before stimulation with PHA, led to a significant increase in IL-2 activity in all subjects (P less than 0.01), except those with alcoholic hepatitis, but in none of the groups did the levels of IL-2 activity reach those seen in normal subjects. The decrease in IL-2 activity in patients with CLD may be due to low IL-2 production or presence of an IL-2 antagonist(s). Such an abnormality may occur, not only as a result of liver damage, but may also be important in determining immunological disturbances involved in the pathogenesis of the liver disease. PMID- 3486731 TI - Production of interleukin 2 in multiple myeloma. AB - The production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied in 15 normal controls (NC) and 29 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), including 19 patients with active disease (i.e. diagnosis, relapse) and 10 with inactive disease (i.e. complete remission and off-treatment plateau). IL-2 was produced after stimulation of PBMC with PHA alone or with PHA and PMA. The role of suppressor factors/cells on IL-2 production was evaluated using indomethacin and irradiation of PBMC. T cells and T cell subsets (i.e. helper/suppressor T cells) were defined using standard monoclonal antibodies (T3, T4, T8). The production of IL-2 in active MM was similar to that of NC, using either PHA or PHA and PMA. However, a constant defect of prostaglandin-mediated suppressor cells was observed in patients in plateau, with a significant increase of IL-2 production in comparison to that of NC or active MM. IL-2 is an essential factor involved in T cell proliferation. Recent data demonstrate that it plays a role in B cell proliferation and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. Suppression of antibody synthesis is a major feature of active (but not inactive) MM. The fact that IL-2 production was not affected in MM, in spite of an imbalance of some T cell subsets, is of major interest. PMID- 3486733 TI - Cyclosporine inhibition of a murine B cell lymphoma. AB - The effect of cyclosporine (CsA) on the CH12 murine B cell lymphoma was investigated to determine whether sensitivity to this agent is retained by malignant B cells. This tumour produces an antibody to bromelain-treated red blood cells and may represent transformation of a B cell with certain activation properties associated with early resting B cells. In in vitro cultures, the growth and proliferation of CH12 were inhibited by CsA in concentrations of 0.1 1.0 microgram/ml; these levels were ineffective against non-lymphoid tumours, although some non-specific cell toxicity was noted at higher levels. IgM antibody production, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was inhibited over the same range. CH12 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, however, were less sensitive to CsA than untreated cells. These studies indicate that malignant B cells may be sensitive to CsA, perhaps reflecting their derivation from a functionally distinct B cell population with enhanced drug sensitivity. PMID- 3486736 TI - The surgical experience with annuloaortic ectasia at the Medical University of South Carolina. AB - Hemodynamically significant aortic insufficiency can result from dilatation of the aortic valve annulus in association with an ascending aortic aneurysm (annuloaortic ectasia). Controversy has centered around the optimal surgical management. This study evaluates the results of total replacement of the aortic valve and ascending thoracic aorta with a valved aortic prosthesis and reimplantation of the coronary arteries in a small series. In 7 patients with a mean preoperative New York Heart Association Classification (NYHAC) of III, there have been no operative or long-term mortalities, and the average upgrade in NYHAC is 1.6. There have been no major complications or technical difficulties. The composite approach to the repair of patients with annuloaortic ectasia is described and advocated. PMID- 3486734 TI - Immune responses in rats supplemented with selenium. AB - It is generally accepted that Selenium (Se) is necessary for optimum performance of the immune system. Selenium deficiency results in immune suppression but little is known concerning the effect of excess Se on immune function. Recent evidence suggests that oral Se supplementation may impede oncogenesis, but the mechanism of this action is currently unknown. Conversely, under certain conditions, Se is suspected of promoting neoplasia. The studies described herein delineate the effects of excess Se (0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 p.p.m.) on specific immune functions of Se-adequate rats, namely, antibody synthesis, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), natural killer (NK) cell activity, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, and interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity. Selenium administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 weeks at 0.5 and 2.0 p.p.m. resulted in significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) enhancement of splenic NK activity while the NK response in the 5.0 p.p.m. Se-treated rats was equivalent to the non Se-treated controls. Conversely, the DTH response was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) suppressed at all three dosages while antibody synthesis and prostaglandin E2 activity were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduced compared to the controls at the highest dosage of Se. IL-1 activity was unaffected by Se exposure. These data could partially explain the contradictory oncogenic characteristics of Se. For instance, tumours that are NK sensitive could be prevented and/or responsive to Se therapy, while NK insensitive neoplasms could be enhanced by Se supplementation due to the impaired function of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3486737 TI - Clinical, haematological, and radiological features in T-cell lymphoblastic malignancy in childhood. AB - T-cell lymphoblastic malignancy in childhood includes both T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-NHL). There is considerable overlap between these disorders, which probably represent two ends of the same disease spectrum. To determine whether there are radiological differences between T-ALL and T-NHL we reviewed the clinical, haematological and radiological features of 58 children seen in one centre over a 9-year period. Splenomegaly and adenopathy were significantly more common in T ALL than in T-NHL. Patients with T-ALL were usually anaemic and thrombocytopenic, with elevated white blood cell counts; patients with T-NHL had normal blood counts. The radiological abnormalities seen were mediastinal enlargement, pleural effusions, and tracheal compression. All patients with T-NHL had abnormal chest radiographs, whereas 10 of 39 patients with T-ALL had normal chest radiographs. When only abnormal radiographs were compared, however, there were no differences in the degree of mediastinal widening or in the size of pleural effusions. Tracheal compression was more common in T-NHL and was always most marked in the intrathoracic airway and in an antero-posterior direction. We conclude that there is little difference in the radiological abnormalities seen in T-ALL and T-NHL, which further supports the theory that they represent points along a common spectrum of disease. As airway compression is primarily intrathoracic and in an antero-posterior direction, adequate radiological evaluation should include a lateral chest radiograph. PMID- 3486738 TI - Early changes of Pneumocystis pneumonia: should one use computed tomography as the chest is not really specific. PMID- 3486735 TI - Platelet-associated DNA and anti-DNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis. AB - We report DNA and specific anti-dsDNA antibody (dsDNAb) in excess of controls, associated with platelets from 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) treatment of intact platelets resulted not only in a drop in platelet-associated DNA, but also a dramatic fall in platelet associated dsDNAb. This suggests that at least some DNA and virtually all the dsDNAb is bound to the platelet surface, probably in the form of an immune complex. The quantity of platelet-associated DNA did not correlate with amounts of platelet-associated anti-dsDNA antibody (PAdsDNAb); perhaps because platelets also have receptors for DNA itself. Total platelet-associated IgG was elevated in only six patients with normal PAdsDNab. PMID- 3486739 TI - Plasma catecholamines in pregnancy induced hypertension. AB - Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the genesis of early hypertension in young people. Studies in pregnancy allow observations to be made on evolving, recently established and resolving hypertension in the human. We describe the results of two studies involving women who developed hypertension during pregnancy. In the first study, plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured in 17 women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and 17 normotensive pregnant control subjects. Plasma noradrenaline (nmol/l) was lower in the PIH group compared with control patients in both semi-recumbent (1.11 +/- 0.53 vs 1.98 +/- 0.96, P less than 0.001) and standing positions (1.31 +/- 0.65 vs 2.57 +/- 1.27, P less than 0.005). Five days post partum, plasma noradrenaline had risen in the PIH group compared with pregnant values in semi-recumbent (1.65 +/- 1.0 vs 1.11 +/- 0.52, P less than 0.05) and standing positions (2.46 +/- 1.5 vs 1.31 +/- 0.65, P less than 0.05). In the normotensive patients plasma noradrenaline did not differ between post partum and pregnant values (1.51 +/- 0.73 vs 1.98 +/- 0.96 semi recumbent; 2.00 +/- 1.16 vs 2.57 +/- 1.7 standing). Logarithmic transformation of the noradrenaline concentration data resulted in a significant (P less than 0.02) negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure in the pregnant patients but not post partum. Plasma adrenaline concentration was the same in both groups. In the second study, plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured sequentially through pregnancy in five women who developed PIH and five control subjects who remained normotensive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486740 TI - Comparison of clindamycin, metronidazole, and penicillin for the treatment of experimental infections in mice caused by beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides intermedius. AB - Turbid saline suspensions (0.35 ml, approximately 10(9) organisms) of a strain of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides intermedius were injected subcutaneously into the right groin of ICR male mice. Therapeutic intraperitoneal doses of clindamycin, metronidazole, or penicillin were administered 4 hr later, and thereafter at successive 8-hr intervals for a total of 12 doses. Necropsy with culture of the infection site was performed 4 hr after the final dose. None of 10 clindamycin-treated animals and none of 10 metronidazole-treated animals developed abscesses, and all cultures taken from the injection sites were sterile. Eight of 10 (80%) penicillin-treated animals developed subcutaneous abscesses; B. intermedius was recovered in pure cultures from all abscesses at necropsy. Nine of 10 (90%) untreated control animals inoculated with the same beta-lactamase-producing B. intermedius strain developed abscesses, all of which were culture-positive. The data indicate that treatment with clindamycin and metronidazole prevented the formation of subcutaneous abscesses in mice inoculated with a beta-lactamase-producing strain of B. intermedius. On the other hand, penicillin failed to prevent the formation of abscesses, 80% of which grew the inoculated organism. PMID- 3486741 TI - Propionibacterium avidum as the etiologic agent of splenic abscess. AB - Propionibacterium avidum was isolated from an intrasplenic abscess in a patient recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery. This organism has not previously been reported as an etiologic agent of splenic abscess nor has splenic abscess been described as a complication of coronary bypass surgery. This report emphasizes the potential pathogenicity of normal microbial flora following surgical manipulation. PMID- 3486742 TI - The effects of in vivo acclimation temperature on the fatty acid composition of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) peripheral blood cells. AB - Channel catfish were acclimated in vivo to 12, 17, 22 or 27 degrees C and their peripheral blood erythrocytes, thrombocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes assayed for cellular fatty acid composition. Excepting cells from 12 degrees C acclimated fish, all cells responded to acclimation to lower temperatures by exhibiting increased levels of phospholipid unsaturated fatty acids. Although temperature independent differences were observed between erythrocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes, no differences between T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were seen. PMID- 3486743 TI - Massive rectal bleeding in Crohn's colitis. PMID- 3486744 TI - Inadvertent gastric balloon inflation within the chest in the management of esophageal varices. AB - Balloon tamponade of esophageal variceal hemorrhage is palliative therapy which is associated with a certain incidence of morbidity, perhaps mortality. Three cases of intrathoracic inflation of the gastric balloon of such tubes are described. The precise mechanism of thoracic placement remains uncertain. Fluoroscopy or chest x-ray should be used to confirm appropriate tube tip placement. PMID- 3486745 TI - Expression of Ia antigen on retinal pigment epithelium in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. AB - Recently, human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have been demonstrated to express class II, HLA-DR, antigens both in vivo and in vitro. HLA-DR antigens were detected on RPE cells from patients with uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that not only does this cell express HLA DR antigen but also that this antigen can be modulated by the lymphokine, interferon (IFN)-gamma. In this study we evaluated the development of the murine class II, Ia, antigens on RPE cells in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Ia antigen was evaluated with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Ia antigen was not detected on RPE cells from normal rats. However, Ia antigen was detected on the surface of RPE cells from EAU rats four days prior to the development of clinical and histopathological EAU. Moreover, the expression of Ia antigen on RPE cells from EAU rats continued to persist until one and one-half months after immunization. This study demonstrates that during the course of EAU the RPE cell is activated to express Ia antigens. This antigen expression may be important in the initiation and/or perpetuation of immune reactivity in the eye. PMID- 3486746 TI - Effects of propentofylline (HWA 285) on laser-induced thrombus formation in healthy and diseased rat mesenteric arterioles. AB - The antithrombotic effects of the xanthine derivative propentofylline (HWA 285) were investigated in the laser-induced thrombus model in healthy and diseased rat mesenteric arterioles. Laser-induced platelet thrombi were documented by the help of an intravital microscope and a video system. The statistical comparison of drug-treated and untreated animals, in respect to the number of laser shots necessary to induce a defined thrombus, served as a quantitative measure for a potential antithrombotic drug effect. Propentofylline and acetylsalicylic acid, in single dosages of 10 and 30 mg/kg orally, significantly increased the number of laser shots required to produce a defined thrombus. Moreover, the drug decreased the laser-induced thrombus formation in a chronic experiment in adjuvant arthritic rats. After oral administration of 30 mg/kg for 21 days, propentofylline and pentoxifylline reduced significantly the thrombus formation, whereas acetylsalicylic acid exerted no effect. PMID- 3486747 TI - X-linked immune deficiency (xid) of CBA/N mice. PMID- 3486748 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity in three cases of lymphoid malignancy with chromosomal translocations in 14q11. AB - Lymphoid malignancies bearing translocations involving the region 14q11 are thought to have a T-cell phenotype because their pathogenesis is postulated to involve the aberrant juxtaposition of DNA sequences active in T-cell differentiation (T-cell antigen receptor genes) and proto-oncogenes. We present here three lymphoid malignancies with translocations involving 14q11. Although one had a T-cell phenotype, the other two had B-cell lineage phenotypes. Our findings confirm that not all lymphoid malignancies with translocations involving 14q11 represent T-cell clonal expansions. PMID- 3486750 TI - Vestibular toxicity following netilmicin therapy in the neonatal period. AB - Thirty-seven children treated with netilmicin during the neonatal period were seen at follow-up at the age of 2-4 years to investigate for possible vestibular damage caused by netilmicin therapy. No definite vestibular damage could be found in these 37 patients, including three patients in whom greatly elevated serum concentrations of netilmicin had been measured. The present study confirms previous findings in adults showing a low ototoxicity of netilmicin. PMID- 3486749 TI - Human genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II and epidermal growth factor are located on 12q22----q24.1, 11p15, and 4q25----q27, respectively. AB - The genes coding for insulin-like growth factors I and II and epidermal growth factor have been localized to human chromosomes 12q22----q24.1, 11p15, and 4q25-- -q27, respectively. PMID- 3486751 TI - Pulmonary function in Pi M and MZ grainworkers. AB - Twenty-eight men with the Pi MZ phenotype who have been employed in the Saskatchewan country grain elevators and thus regularly exposed to high levels of grain dust, were case matched for age, years of employment, employment status, smoking status, and smoking history with grainworkers of type Pi M. Individuals answered a questionnaire, had a chest roentgenogram, skin tests, and performed a battery of pulmonary function tests. There were no differences between the two groups in prevalence of symptoms or atopy. Although not statistically significant, the MZ group had three times as many individuals with abnormal roentgenograms suggestive of COPD as the M group. The Pi MZ grainworkers had consistently poorer mean results for the pulmonary function tests with significantly lower mean values for FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MMFR, and Vmax50, leading us to suggest that Pi MZ individuals may be at higher risk of COPD than Pi M individuals, but only in the presence of other risk factors such as grain dust exposure. PMID- 3486752 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting in young patients under 36 years of age. AB - Results of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients under age 36 who were operated upon between 1970 and 1980 at two large medical centers were compared to matched control patients, age 45 to 59 years, and 60 years and over. Patient follow-up ranged from one to 13 years (average five years). Event-free survival was significantly worse in the young group (37 percent) vs the middle aged group (61 percent, p less than 0.01) and vs the elderly group (59 percent, p less than 0.02). Failure of the operation was due to failure to improve or worsening of Canadian Cardiovascular Society anginal class, need for reoperation, subsequent myocardial infarction, or death due to cardiac causes. Risk of failure of CABG surgery in young patients was increased with the presence of cardiac risk factors. Because of the high rate of long-term failure of CABG surgery in young patients, its use in this group needs to be reevaluated relative to current aggressive medical therapy for angina. PMID- 3486753 TI - Tell-tale telangiectasias. PMID- 3486755 TI - [The rare localization of a cartilagenous exostosis of the thoracic spine with multiple manifestations]. PMID- 3486756 TI - Bolus and continuous infusion of tolazoline in neonates with hypoxemia. AB - We randomly assigned 24 neonates with hypoxemia to receive tolazoline hydrochloride. Thirteen received a single dose (SD) of 2 mg/kg intravenously, and 11 received a SD of 2 mg/kg plus a 2 mg/kg/h intravenous infusion (SDI). Increase in PaO2 greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg within 20 min of administration was more common in SDI patients. Hypotension and gastrointestinal bleeding occurred more often in SDI patients. Survival could not be related to the method of administration or initial relief of hypoxemia with tolazoline. PMID- 3486754 TI - Penetration of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid into bone. AB - The levels of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid have been measured in bone, serum and synovial fluid following the administration of 1.2 g Augmentin prior to hip replacement. Both antibiotics readily enter synovial fluid in levels similar to that found in serum. The levels found in bone are a minimum of ten times lower than those found in serum. Sequential administration of Augmentin with a six hourly dose schedule does not increase the levels found in any of the tissues studied. PMID- 3486757 TI - Treatment of non-neoplastic stenoses with the neodymium-YAG laser--indications and limitations. AB - Since July, 1983, 26 symptomatic, non-neoplastic stenoses have been treated with Nd:YAG laser coagulation. In 22 cases, the treatment was definitively successful. The patients' symptoms were eliminated, and surgery was obviated. Two patients are still undergoing treatment. The average follow-up time was approximately 1 year. PMID- 3486758 TI - Treatment of benign gastrointestinal tumors with the neodymium:YAG laser. AB - Between November, 1978 and July, 1985 36 recurrent broad-based villous adenomas in the gastrointestinal tract were treated with the Nd:YAG laser. Treatment was successful in 29 patients, who showed no recurrence within a period of six months or more. The average follow-up time was 16 months. Seven patients are still being treated. No serious complications occurred. PMID- 3486759 TI - Complications and pitfalls of laser therapy. AB - 228 patients have been studied in retrospect, in an attempt to delineate the limits and pitfalls of laser treatment of benign (n = 104) and malignant (n = 124) tumors. Benign colorectal adenomas (n = 78) were divided into 3 groups according to the size of the lesion. The occurrence of complications, the persistence and recurrence rate paralleled the size of the tumor. No relationship as to the number of sessions, the interval between them or the mean and/or total amount of energy was found. The prolonged time span of treatment in larger lesions was related to the formation of large ulcers and edema. Poor accessibility and difficult positioning of the laser beam interfered with adequacy of laser treatment. In familial polyposis (n = 26) laser photocoagulation appeared a highly effective, safe and easy procedure. In esophageal cancer (n = 16), gastric (n = 13) and colorectal malignancies (n = 95) laser therapy was very efficaceous in the palliation of bleeding and/or obstruction. Unfavorable anatomy and difficult accessibility were the main drawbacks. Problems in the assessment of pathology and submucosal extension impeded effective treatment of early cancer. Generally speaking, the presence of a whitish appearance, fibrosis of bloody tissue pointed toward a less favorable response, but much more has to be learned about the interaction between laser light and tissue properties. PMID- 3486760 TI - Endoscopy in upper GI-bleeding. II. Olympus Satellite Symposium. Lisbon, 1984. PMID- 3486761 TI - Endoscopic neodymium:YAG laser coagulation in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - The aim of a resolute, endoscopic treatment in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage by a neodymium:YAG laser is to prevent massive loss of blood and to avoid transformation of the hemorrhagic shock event into an irreversible state. Parallel to endoscopic procedure treatment of coagulopathies is necessary. 1,029 (94%) out of 1,092 acute bleeding episodes of 852 unselected patients were treated successfully. In bleeding esophageal varices, reduction of mortality from 70% to 36.2% has been achieved by sclerotherapy following laser coagulation of the acute bleeding. Compared with the results of surgery the mortality rate of bleeding acute ulcers has been reduced from 58% to 23.4%, and of bleeding chronic ulcers from 25% for resection and 15% for vagotomy to 0%. For optimal treatment of the patients close cooperation with surgeons is also desirable. PMID- 3486762 TI - Molecular modelling of human complement component C3 and its fragments by solution scattering. AB - Solution scattering experiments using both X-rays and neutrons are reported for human complement component C3 and up to six other glycoprotein fragments that are derived from C3. The X-ray and neutron molecular masses and neutron matchpoints are in agreement with the known primary sequence of C3. The X-ray radius of gyration RG of C3 is 5.2 nm and is similar for the related forms C3u, C3(a + b) and C3b. The X-ray cross-sectional radius of gyration RXS of C3b is however less than that of C3, C3u and C3(a + b). The major fragments of C3b, namely C3c and C3dg, were studied. The RG of C3c is 4.7 nm and for C3dg is 2.9 nm. C3c and C3dg do not interact when they coexist in solution in equimolar amounts. When C3u is cleaved into iC3u, the RG of iC3u increases to 5.9 nm and its RXS decreases, showing that C3c and C3dg behave as independent entities within the parent glycoprotein. Analyses of the neutron RG and RXS values by contrast variation techniques confirm the X-ray analyses, and show no evidence for significant hydrophobic or hydrophilic domains within C3 or any of its fragments. Shape analyses show that C3, C3c and C3dg are elongated particles. Debye models were developed using the scattering curve out to Q = 1.6 nm-1. These show that C3 and C3c resemble oblate ellipsoids while C3dg resembles a prolate ellipsoid. C3dg lies on the long edge of C3c within C3. The dimensions of the models are 18 nm X 2 nm X 10 nm for C3, 18 nm X 2 nm X 7 nm for C3c and 10 nm X 2 nm X 3 nm for C3dg. These models are compatible with analyses of the scattering curve RG and RXS values, data from sedimentation coefficients, and images of C3 and C3c seen by electron microscopy. PMID- 3486763 TI - Different DNA-binding modes and cooperativities for bacteriophage M13 gene-5 protein revealed by means of fluorescence depolarisation studies. AB - The binding of the bacteriophage-M13-encoded gene-5 protein to oligo(deoxythymidylic acid)s and M13 DNA was studied by means of tyrosyl fluorescence decay and fluorescence anisotropy measurements. The observed fluorescence decays could be described with two exponentials, characterised by the lifetimes tau 1 = 2.2 ns and tau 2 = 0.8 ns respectively. Only the amplitude of the longer-lifetime component is influenced by binding of the protein to DNA. This indicates that a part of the tyrosyl residues is involved in the binding. By means of fluorescence depolarisation measurements the rotational correlation time of the protein dimer is found to be 12.9 ns. In contrast to earlier measurements, carried out on the DNA-binding protein of phage Pf1 [Kneale, G. G. and Wijnaendts van Resandt, R. W. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 85-93], the observed rotational correlation times of the gene-5 protein pass through a maximum when the protein is titrated with oligo(deoxythymidylic acid)s. This is not observed upon titration with M13 DNA. Our measurements showed that for the oligo(deoxythymidylic acid)s there clearly is a decrease in the number of clustered proteins on the lattice in the case of excess nucleotide. This is a direct consequence of the much lower cooperativity of the binding to the oligonucleotides compared to the cooperativity characteristic of binding to polynucleotides. The number of nucleotides covered by a protein monomer is found to be less than or equal to 3 for the oligonucleotides and approximately equal to 4 for M13 DNA. Model calculations show that the 'time-window' through which the fluorescence depolarisation can be observed (i.e. the fluorescence lifetime) in this case significantly affects the 'measured' effective rotational correlation times. PMID- 3486764 TI - Characteristics of specific in vivo labeling of neuroleptic binding sites with 3 N-[11C]methylspiperone. AB - In vivo binding of 3-N-[11C]methylspiperone ([11C]NMSP) was saturable in the rat forebrain, but not in the cerebellum. Nonspecific binding was almost equivalent in all brain regions except for the white matter. [11C]NMSP binding was localized to receptor-rich fractions when low doses were administered (less than 20 nmol/kg body weight). The striatum-to-cerebellum ratio was a function of time after injection and administered dose. This ratio remained constant in low doses of under 30 nmol/kg. The radioactivity curve of the cerebellum in a control positron emission tomographic study almost equaled that of the striatum in the dog pretreated with spiperone (2 mg). This indicates that the amount of binding in the cerebellum might be considered a nonspecific binding and unbound pool. The data obtained by the pretreatment study was different from that of displacement, which suggested that displaceable [11C]NMSP in the specific binding sites of the striatum was not completely cleared from the brain tissue by a large amount of unlabeled spiperone. PMID- 3486766 TI - Simplified enzymatic synthesis and biodistribution of 11C-S-adenosyl-L methionine. AB - 11C-S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (11C-SAM) was synthesized enzymatically from 11C-L methionine using rat-liver extract [40%-50% saturated (NH4)2SO4 fraction] as the enzyme source. In biodistribution studies in rats, the highest uptake of 11C-SAM was found in the kidneys. 11C-SAM was also accumulated in the small intestine, pancreas, adrenal gland, liver, and spleen. The uptake of 11C-SAM in the brain increased with time, but remained low. At 30 min after injection, about 50%-60% of the 11C radioactivity was present in the acid-insoluble fraction of the kidneys and liver. When a high loading dose of 11C-SAM was administered, the kidney uptake was enhanced, but the proportion of the radioactivity present in the acid-insoluble fraction was lower. In a study of one rabbit, the kidney uptake was of 11-SAM clearly visualized using positron-emission tomography. PMID- 3486765 TI - 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose: a new tracer for the measurement of galactose metabolism in the liver by positron emission tomography. AB - We prepared 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose as a potential radiopharmaceutical for liver imaging and for the assessment by positron emission tomography of regional metabolic function of the liver. In biodistribution studies of rats, the liver uptake of the compound was very high, almost reaching a plateau (6.33% dose/g) at 30 min and remaining constant until 120 min. This high uptake was reduced by simultaneous administration of D-galactose, but D-glucose had no effect. The compound was much less concentrated in the liver that had been damaged by CCl4 treatment. Positron imaging of a rabbit liver showed a remarkable uptake of the compound with a high liver-to-blood ratio. The high concentration in the liver was also reduced by the administration of D-galactose. These data suggest that the compound was trapped in the liver by a metabolic process and could be used for the measurement by positron emission tomography of galactose metabolism in the liver. PMID- 3486768 TI - Sequential methotrexate--5-FU--leucovorin (MFL) in advanced colorectal cancer. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) (250 mg/m2) was given as an i.v. infusion over 2 hr. At hour three and 23, 5-FU (500 mg/m2, maximally 1000 mg) was given as a bolus i.v. injection. The Leucovorin rescue was initiated hour 24. The chemotherapy course was repeated every 14 days for eight courses, then every third to fourth week. At least four courses of the regime were given to 50 patients with measurable advanced colorectal carcinoma. Toxicity was usually very mild but in seven patients an increase of serum creatinine was registered. Two of these patients had a severe period of uremia. With a more careful observation of kidney function, these episodes should have been foreseen. An objective response rate of 50% with six complete remissions (CR) and 19 partial remissions (PR) was found. Eighty-eight per cent (21/24) of the patients with tumour-related symptoms experienced symptomatic relief. The median response duration amounts to 5 months. It is concluded that the MFL regime is effective in inducing anti-tumour response in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. PMID- 3486767 TI - Compensatory maturational deceleration of growth or "catch-down growth" in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia after delayed initiation of therapy. AB - The growth pattern is reported of 16 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in whom therapy was started after the age of 3 years. Treatment was initiated at a mean chronological age (CA) of 4.7 years (range 3.0-7.2) and at a mean bone age (BA) of 10.4 years (range 10.2-13.2). It consisted of hydrocortisone (mean dosage 26 mg/m2) or prednisone (8.7 mg/m2) in all, and of fluorohydrocortisone (0.05-0.1 mg daily) in five patients. At the last examination the mean duration of therapy was 5.2 years, the mean CA 10.0 years, and the mean BA 12.6 years. In 13 of the 16 patients a "catch-down growth" pattern was observed, which was characterised by a decrease in height (expressed as SDS) for CA, a deceleration of bone maturation and increase of height (SDS) for BA, and an improvement in predicted height (Bayley-Pinneau). PMID- 3486769 TI - Differential time course of protection by monoamine oxidase inhibition and uptake inhibition against MPTP neurotoxicity on central catecholamine neurons in mice. AB - Pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline or the catecholamine uptake blocker nomifensine both protected central catecholamine neurons against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity as monitored by analyzing catecholamine levels and [3H]mazindol binding. Post-treatment with the inhibitors showed that the administration of nomifensine could be delayed longer than that of pargyline in order to achieve a protective effect. The results are compatible with the view that the monoamine oxidase-catalyzed conversion of MPTP to a toxic metabolite MPP+ occurs mainly extraneuronally. MPP+ is subsequently taken up and accumulated selectively in catecholamine neurons, initiating degeneration. PMID- 3486770 TI - 1-Methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-CH3-MPTP) is a more potent dopaminergic neurotoxin than MPTP in mice. AB - The administration to mice of 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3, 6 tetrahydropyridine (2'-CH3-MPTP), a substituted analog of the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP caused even more dopaminergic toxicity than MPTP itself. Under conditions in which MPTP was relatively ineffective (i.e. two injections per day of 0.113 mmol/kg at an interval of 6 h for one or two days), 2'-CH3-MPTP caused a very large decrement in the neostriatal content of dopamine and its metabolites and a corresponding decrement in the capacity of a neostriatal synaptosomal preparation to take up [3H]dopamine. Moreover, 2'-CH3-MPTP administration (as few as four injections) caused a virtually complete loss of nerve cells in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra. This compound, like MPTP, may prove to be a valuable research tool. PMID- 3486771 TI - Effects of bepridil and of its quaternary derivative on rat tail artery. AB - The effects of bepridil and its quaternary ammonium derivative (BN+) were compared, showing that: (i) both drugs inhibited K+-induced contractions with similar time courses and potencies, (ii) bepridil blocked the tonic but not the phasic component of contractions elicited by noradrenaline, whereas BN+ had no effect on noradrenaline-elicited contractions. These results, and the relative insensitivity of skinned taenia caeci to bepridil, suggest that this drug and BN+ do not act directly on contractile proteins but affect K+- and noradrenaline induced calcium channel activities differentially. PMID- 3486772 TI - Cardiovascular effects of human and rat CGRP compared in the rat and other species. AB - In the anaesthetised rat, human and rat CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) which differ by 4 out of 37 amino acids, when given intravenously, lowered blood pressure and increased heart rate. The effects of human CGRP were unaltered by either propranolol or by mepyramine plus cimetidine. In the rat isolated perfused heart the peptides decreased coronary perfusion pressure and evoked a tachycardia. The latter effect was not seen in the rabbit isolated heart, although human CGRP increased coronary flow. The two peptides were equipotent at increasing the rate and force of contraction in the rat isolated right atrium, effects unaltered by propranolol. In the guinea-pig isolated atrium, rat CGRP was 10 times as potent as a chronotropic agent than as an inotrope, unlike human CGRP which was equipotent. In conclusion, human and rat CGRP probably acted directly on the cardiovascular system to produce their qualitatively similar effects. PMID- 3486773 TI - Human and rat alpha-CGRP but not calcitonin cause mesenteric vasodilatation in rats. AB - A single gene encodes both calcitonin and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Human and rat alpha-CGRP were compared with sodium nitroprusside in the rat and rabbit isolated mesenteric vascular preparation perfused at constant flow. In the presence of the vasoconstrictor noradrenaline (10(-5) M), rat alpha CGRP was about 10 times as potent as either human alpha-CGRP or sodium nitroprusside as a vasodilator in the rat mesenteric vasculature. In the rabbit mesenteric vasculature the order of potency was rat alpha-CGRP greater than human alpha-CGRP greater than sodium nitroprusside. Human and salmon calcitonin showed no vasodilator activity at doses 100 times greater than human alpha-CGRP. These results show that human and rat alpha-CGRP are potent vasodilators in the mesenteric vasculature, an effect not mimicked by the alternative gene product, the plasma calcium lowering hormone calcitonin. PMID- 3486774 TI - Studies on human prothymocytes by means of an agar T-cell colony assay. AB - The identity of bone marrow (BM) T colony-forming cells has led to controversy because of BM contamination with mature T cells having clonogenic potential. To circumvent this problem, extensive purging of BM cells was achieved, using E rosetting and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, with a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs): CD6 + CD8 + CD4 + CD2 and two successive rabbit Complement (C) treatments. This resulted in a 2-log elimination of mature T cells, as assessed by marker studies. T-cell-depleted marrow (TDBM) was plated in agar in the presence of PHA- and B+ null cell-derived prothymocyte differentiating activity (PTDA). Two peaks of colony formation were observed on days 7 and 10 of incubation. Both seven- and ten-day colonies contained mainly T4+ and only a few T8+ cells, which also expressed T3, T11, HLA-DR, and Tac antigens. These colony forming cells were enriched (three- to fourfold) by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. These results point to the existence of marrow T-cell progenitors, which differ in their kinetics of colony generation and surface markers. PMID- 3486775 TI - Afferent activity recorded during rotation from single fibres of the posterior nerve in the isolated frog labyrinth. AB - EPSPs and spikes were recorded at rest and during rotation from single fibres of the posterior nerve in the isolated frog labyrinth. The spike discharge properties of 57 units were examined at rest and during repetitive acceleratory velocity steps. Forty of these units were subjected to excitatory steps of 5-12 s duration and 45% displayed an evident discharge adaptation. In the non-adapting units, the excitatory response also deviated from that expected on the basis of the torsion-pendulum model and exhibited an exponential time-course in only 36% of the fibres examined. The time constant T2 of the response rising phase was significantly longer than that of the decay (2.5 s versus 1.7 s). When all the 57 units were considered, a linear behaviour was found in 67%. The average gain in these linear units was 1.9 +/- 1.4 spikes X s-1/deg X s-1. Adaptive fibres exhibited a lower resting firing rate and a higher gain (3.8 spikes/s and 2.3 spikes X s-1/deg X s-2, respectively) when compared with the non-adapting ones (7.1 spikes/s and 1.5 spikes X s-1/deg X s-2). An undershoot was present in 57% of the units; it increased with acceleration and was not strictly related to adaptation. Fifteen of the 40 units tested with the 5-12 s duration excitatory steps survived repeated inhibitory accelerations of the same duration. In these units a marked response asymmetry was evident since their resting activity could be abolished by accelerations not larger than 10 deg/s2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486776 TI - Hymenolepis nana: passive transfer of mouse immunity by T-cell subset of phenotype Lyt-1. AB - Mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from donor mice (BALB/c strain) actively immunized by oral inoculation with Hymenolepis nana eggs were syngeneically transferred by intravenous injection into athymic nude mice previously uninfected. The adoptively immunized recipients were then challenged with 1000 H. nana eggs 2 days after cell transfer. The degree of immunity transferred was assessed by examining cysticercoids developed in the intestinal villi of the recipients on Day 4 of challenge infection. The criterion for success in cell transfer of immunity was the complete rejection of cysticercoids as was generally expected in mice infected previously. The transfer of 1.5 X 10(8) immune mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from donors immunized 4 days before cell collection resulted invariably in the complete rejection of cysticercoids, though not less than this cell dosage. The immunity was passively transferable to recipients by T cells, especially by T-cell subset of phenotype Lyt-1 but not those of phenotype Lyt-2.3 and Lyt-1.2.3. However, 1.5 X 10(8) immune mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from donors immunized 21 days before cell transfer and 1.5 X 10(8) immune spleen cells obtained from donors immunized 4 days before cell transfer had little or no effect on the rejection of cysticercoids. PMID- 3486777 TI - Pulmonary and immune responses to a Thermoactinomyces vulgaris antigen respiratory sensitization in C57BL/6J mice. AB - Lung histology and immune responses were followed during a six month period of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris antigen respiratory sensitization of C57BL/6J mice. Histologically, the mice developed a picture resembling the subacute stage of human farmer's lung. At the early phase of the sensitization a T-cell response was seen in vitro, characterized by an increased spleen but no peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity to T-cell mitogens at the same time as increased reactivity to the sensitizing antigen was detected. An increase in the percentage of T-cells in the lavage cell population was also seen. The sensitization was associated with the appearance of both IgG and IgA antibodies in lavage and in serum of which lavage IgA antibodies were found to follow the course of the sensitization most accurately. The increase in antibody titers was not, however, reflected in lavage cytology or in lymphocyte reactivity. The results suggest that different immunological reactions may be predominant at different stages of farmer's lung. PMID- 3486778 TI - [Action of cyclophosphane and degranol on the T- and B-lymphocyte populations in the lymph nodes when administered endolymphatically]. AB - Experiments on rats demonstrated that endolymphatic administration of high doses of cyclophosphane and degranol produces prolonged but reversible decrease of relative content of T- and B-lymphocytes both in the regional and remote lymph nodes. In early periods after lymphatic infusion there was observed the predominant action of degranol on T-lymphocytes and that of cyclophosphane on B lymphocytes. Differences in the character of changes in primary immune response magnitude after administration of the drugs are related probably to their diverse effects on different subpopulations of lymphocytes. PMID- 3486779 TI - Study of the nicotinic activity of very potent muscarinic agents. AB - The nicotinic activity of seven cholinergic agents endowed with a very high muscarinic activity (carbachol, methylfurtrethonium, cis-2-methyl-4 trimethylammoniummethyl-1,3-dioxolane, cis-2-methyl-5-trimethylammoniummethil-1,3 oxathiolane, muscarine, muscarone, oxotremorine) has been studied on the frog rectus abdominis. Carbachol is the most active compound with an EC50 value of 1.98 X 10(-6) M; the ratio between nicotinic and muscarinc activity is 67. Methylfurtrethonium and oxotremorine are the least potent and also behave as "partial agonists". Muscarine is devoid of activity. It is concluded that the nicotinic component does not interfere with the evaluation of the muscarinic potency of the compounds under investigation. PMID- 3486780 TI - [Derivatives of 1,2-condensed pyrimidines. II. Synthesis and pharmacological study of N,N-disubstituted 5-amino-7H-thiazol [3,2-a]pyrimdine-7-ones]. AB - Reaction of 2-aminothiazole with the N,N-dialkyl or (N-alkyl, N-phenyl) ethoxycarbonylacetamide/POCl3 reactant (I), in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane, yielded the corresponding N,N-disubstituted 5-amino-7H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7 ones (VII) along with lower quantities of isomeric N,N-disubstituted 7-amino-5H thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-ones (VIII). Structures attributed to isomeric compounds (VII) and (VIII) were supported both by spectroscopic and chemical evidences. Some compounds (VII) were submitted to pharmacological investigation and results are described: only (N-alkyl, N-phenyl)derivatives (VII f,g) showed a significant, even if mild, activity as peripheral analgesics. PMID- 3486781 TI - [Synthesis of 4(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyrimidines]. AB - 4-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)pyrimidines were synthesized. The title compounds tested for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity did not show any significant activity. PMID- 3486782 TI - [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. IV. Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of aroylthiopheneacetic acids with a pyrrole group]. AB - The synthesis of new antiinflammatory aroylthiopheneacetic acids bearing a pyrrole moiety is described. These compounds can be regarded as analogues of thiaprofen and related isosteres. The antiinflammatory activity of the new pyrryl derivatives has been evaluated in comparison with indomethacin, tolmetin and the unknown 5-(2-chlorobenzoyl)thiophene-2-acetic acid. Among tested derivatives the compounds containing the pyrrole ring were devoid of analgesic-antiinflammatory activities. PMID- 3486783 TI - Phylogenetic comparison of lens crystallins from the vertebrate and invertebrate- convergent or divergent evolution? AB - A systematic biochemical comparison has been made of the crystallins isolated from the lenses of five different species belonging to the five major classes of vertebrates. Gel-permeation chromatography of the lens homogenates on Fractogel TSK HW-55(S) revealed well-defined elution patterns with a characteristic distribution of different classes of crystallins from each species. SDS gel electrophoresis and statistical comparison of the amino acid contents indicated that all crystallin groups from different classes share some common subunits and similarity in their amino acid compositions. The results coupled with the relatedness shown in the amino acid compositions of fish gamma-crystallin with those of mammalian gamma-crystallin and the squid crystallin from the invertebrate pointed to the possibility of the existence of a common ancestral protein for all crystallins. This is in favor of the divergent rather than convergent evolution of lens crystallins as commonly assumed in the literature. PMID- 3486784 TI - Configuration of the active Mg-ATP complex in protein kinase C reaction. AB - To probe the active site structure of protein kinase C stereochemical studies were carried out by using ATP beta S. The enzyme utilizes either one of the diastereomers (SP and RP) of ATP beta S almost equally well as a substrate. This result contrasts with that for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, suggesting that the topography of the nucleotide-binding site is significantly different between the two kinases. PMID- 3486785 TI - [Circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of the alert rabbit during motion sickness]. AB - Sea sickness in alert rabbits induced an increase in the local blood flow in frontal, occipital and temporal cortex as well as an increase of the total blood flow in the brain. The blood flow increases first in the temporal cortex. The changes occur at an unaltered pO2 level in the brain cortex and hypotensive response. The blood flow increase seems to be due to reflex dilatory effects of the vestibular apparatus on the brain vessels and to intensification of metabolism in result of general activation of cortical structures. PMID- 3486786 TI - [The effects of canrenone K (soldactone) on the adrenocortical steroidogenic enzymes in the bovine adrenal gland]. AB - The effects of canrenone K (Soldactone) on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 11 beta-hydroxylase and 18-hydroxylase activities were determined in vitro using isolated mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the bovine adrenal glands. There was dose-related inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenation in the concentration between 10(-8) M and 10(-3) M, and 11 beta-hydroxylation and 18 hydroxylation in the concentration between 10(-7) M and 10(-3) M, respectively. The concentration of 50% inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was 8.5 X 10(-7) M and those of 11 beta-hydroxylase and 18-hydroxylase activities were 5 X 10(-5) M and 6 X 10(-6) M, respectively. NADPH added to a mitochondrial fraction or NAD to a microsomal fraction had no effect on the inhibition of conversion in the presence of canrenone K. The results indicate that canrenone K inhibited 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the pharmacological dose, 11 beta-hydroxylase and 18-hydroxylase in a higher concentration, and with the exception of NADPH or NAD, it may inhibit the generating system directly. PMID- 3486787 TI - Fixed drug eruption to trimethoprim. PMID- 3486788 TI - NH2-terminal localization of that part of the staphylococcal enterotoxins polypeptide chain responsible for binding with membrane receptor and mitogenic effect. AB - It is established that the part of the SEA and SEC2 polypeptide chain responsible for the binding of these toxin proteins with the membrane receptor on the surface of rabbit thymocytes and mitogenic effect is localised in the NH2-terminal region of the molecule. The SEC2 splits in two fragments T1 (17 kdalton) and T2 (12.5 kdalton) under limited proteolysis by trypsin in the presence of 2-ME. The amino acid terminal residues of SEA, SEC2 and their proteolytic fragments are also studied. PMID- 3486789 TI - Intestinal calcium absorption in patients after jejuno-ileal bypass or small intestinal resection and the effect of vitamin D. AB - A forearm counter and double-isotope technique were used to measure intestinal calcium absorption in 21 patients after jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity or small intestinal resection. In all but 2 patients calcium absorption was below the normal range for 10 male controls. 3 weeks treatment with 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D, 1 microgram b.d., or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1 microgram b.d., was associated with significant increases in absorption whereas 3 weeks treatment with 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D had no effect. This study demonstrates that oral 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D or 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D are effective in increasing calcium absorption. PMID- 3486792 TI - Rupture of the stomach after hemorrhage from a gastric ulcer. AB - A case of nontraumatic gastric rupture in an adult is reported. Rupture occurred after distention of the stomach with blood from a bleeding gastric ulcer. PMID- 3486790 TI - HLA-DR 3 is associated with a more slowly progressive form of type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - The presence of HLA-DR 3 was analysed in 745 patients with Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes with age at diagnosis between 1-19 years. HLA-DR 3 and/or 4 was found in 678/745 (91%) of the patients. Presence of DR2 with neither DR 3 nor 4 was demonstrated in 15 patients. Patients with HLA-DR 3 without DR 4 presented with Type 1 diabetes more evenly over the year; they also presented without incidence peaks at 7 years or 10-11 years, as seen especially in DR 3/4 patients. The DR 3 patients more often had mild disease with less ketonuria at diagnosis, less often ketoacidotic symptoms and more often a subsequent partial remission. The apparently more severe disease among diabetic girls may, at least to some extent, be explained by their higher prevalence of HLA-DR 4. The differences found were similar in North America and Europe. The results suggest that Type 1 diabetes is a genetically heterogeneous disease and that HLA-typing may be a useful marker of this heterogeneity. PMID- 3486793 TI - Benign ulcers of the colon. PMID- 3486794 TI - An endoscopic monopolar hemostatic electrocoagulation forceps (grasping coagulator). PMID- 3486791 TI - Reversibility of exocrine pancreatic failure in chronic pancreatitis. AB - In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the development of exocrine pancreatic failure is generally thought to be an irreversible process. We found evidence to the contrary in a prospective study of 70 patients who were evaluated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sequential measurements of stool fat, percent urinary PABA excretion, and serum trypsin during a follow-up time period of 1-4 yr. Initial p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) testing showed exocrine failure in 51 patients, 35 of whom had low serum trypsin levels while 14 (27%) disclosed unexpectedly high trypsin concentrations. Ductal morphology was similar in patients with low and high trypsin values. In 8 of the latter cases, steatorrhea improved and pancreatic function tests became normal after pancreaticojejunostomy in 4 patients, alcohol abstinence in 3 patients, and spontaneous resolution of a pseudocyst in 1 patient. Pancreatic cancer was present in a further 3 patients. Of the 37 patients with low PABA and low trypsin at the outset, there was no improvement of exocrine function in 17 of 18 who were surgically treated. Conservative treatment had a similar effect in another 6 patients who were available for follow-up in this group. The mean duration of symptomatic disease was shorter (p less than 0.001) in patients with low PABA and high trypsin levels (1.4 +/- 1.2 yr) than in those with low PABA and low trypsin levels (4.5 +/- 1.3 yr). The results show that up to 20% of patients with chronic pancreatitis have exocrine pancreatic failure, which is apparently due to early ductal obstruction of a gland with preserved function; this situation can be suspected when low urinary PABA excretion and high serum trypsin levels are simultaneously found; and (c) exocrine failure may be reversible in these patients by using a pancreatic drainage procedure or alcohol abstinence. Such a peculiar pattern of pancreatic function tests may also suggest pancreatic cancer. PMID- 3486795 TI - Inflammatory ileal polyps in Crohn's disease presenting as refractory iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 3486796 TI - [Effect of biseptol on the adrenal cortex of the white rat in postoperative shock]. AB - The study aimed to find out the effect of sulfonamide combined with Trimetaprim Biseptol 480 on the adrenal cortex in post-operative shock after removal of SPIGELian lobe (lobectomy of the lobus caudatus and unilaterally of one kidney with its suprarenal gland. The study was performed on a material of white rats which were post-operatively administered Biseptol 480 in doses 5 times bigger than those given to men. It was attempted to determine histochemically the intensity of the adrenal cortex' function by testing the number of lipid droplets, activity of the main enzyme of steroidogenesis (beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase) and the level of alpha-ketols (as the final stage of steroidogenesis). Pathomorphologic examinations were also performe. On the basis of the present study's results, it was observed that - in the case of liver lobectomy - the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis are functionally stimulated but the zona glomerulosa becomes insufficient. In the case of nephrectomy plus suprarenal gland's removal, all the adrenal cortex becomes insufficient. Administration of Biseptol in the 1st case contributed to hormonal inactivation of the zone glomerulosa cells, but in the 2nd case, it caused an increased activity of steroid dehydrogenase and an increase of the alpha-ketol level in the zona fasciculata. PMID- 3486797 TI - [Sterilization reversal with additional use of fibrin glue (Beriplast). Preliminary report]. AB - This is a report on the first use of a fibrin adhesive in microsurgical refertilisation. During the period between 4.4. 1984 and 11.11. 1985 a total number of 17 women were operated on with the additional use of this fibrin adhesive. In the first group, operated on between 4.4. 1984 and 14.11. 1984, three pregnancies have occurred so far. On 6.4. 1985 the first patient of this group gave birth to a boy weighing 3050 gr. To our knowledge this is the first delivery world-wide that was effected with the additional use of fibrin adhesive. Laparoscopy of tube function of a further patient in this group who had not become pregnant after 12 months revealed normal anatomical conditions in the region of the refertilised tube as well as perfect patency. Two cases of intrauterine pregnancy are known in another group of 6 women operated on between 13.2. 1985 and 15.5. 1985. In five patients the follow-up period is less than 4 months, and hence these have been excluded from evaluation. No ectopic pregnancies are known so far. We believe we can sum up as follows in respect of preliminary results: Additional use of fibrin adhesive in the refertilisation of fallopian tubes will not result in enhanced risk of renewed closure. It will be possible to develop suture-free techniques of anastomosis after appropriate development. Operation times get shorter by using fibrin adhesive and the stress exercised on the patient by anaesthesia is reduced. There does not seem to be any enhanced risk of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3486798 TI - [Use of allogeneic and autologous lymphocyte suspensions in treating patients with malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 3486799 TI - [Thrombocyte adhesion and spreading in patients with a high plasma content of von Willebrand factor]. PMID- 3486800 TI - Enhancement of translational efficiency by the Escherichia coli atpE translational initiation region: its fusion with two human genes. AB - The cDNA sequences encoding mature human interleukin 2 (IL2) and beta-interferon (INF beta), respectively, were fused with various translational initiation regions and inserted into two different types of expression vector. The relative levels of expression of the two genes and the functional stability of their respective mRNAs were examined in vivo in Escherichia coli hosts. The addition of the 30-bp sequence, found immediately upstream of the E. coli atpE gene Shine Dalgarno (SD) sequence, to the translational initiation regions of IL2 and INF beta increased the expression of both these genes by a factor of 6-10. Thus this sequence, which naturally acts within the E. coli atp operon to enhance the translational initiation frequency of the atpE gene, can increase the expression of other genes in E. coli. It may exemplify a specific type of recognition signal for the E. coli translational apparatus. PMID- 3486801 TI - Specific effect of age on lectin-induced mitogenesis of lymphocytes from diseased patients. AB - Using several models of multivariate analysis, it is found that age per se is a specific determinant on the in vitro lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin A in a random sample of 30 diseased patients. Depending upon the used model, sex and lymphocyte subsets appear as other significant variables. The multiple regression coefficients reach 0.85. A 2% fall per decade is expected for phytohemagglutinin A responsiveness expressed in 1n cpm. PMID- 3486802 TI - Early pars plana vitrectomy in chronic endophthalmitis of toxocariasis. AB - Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 12 eyes affected with chronic endophthalmitis in patients 4-38 years of age. In 3 cases the indication was severe vitreitis and the surgical response was excellent. The other 9 eyes were operated upon during the cicatricial and sequelae stages, and the results were better the earlier surgery was performed. Lensectomy was associated in 5 cases. Good anatomical results were obtained in 9 eyes (75%); the other 3 (25%) were failures because of complications. Visual acuity improved after vitrectomy in 8 cases (66%), remained the same in 1 and became worse in the 3 anatomical failures (25%). Early pars plana vitrectomy is indicated in the chronic endophthalmitis of toxocariasis to prevent development of complications leading to loss of the eye and in order to obtain good functional results with little risk of complications. The ELISA test was performed on 5 vitreous samples and was positive in all. Toxocariasis should be strongly suspected in cases of unilateral vitreitis and/or pars planitis. PMID- 3486803 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of microbial preparations with regard to their effect on the immune system of experimental animals]. PMID- 3486804 TI - Comparison of the concentration of schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) in the serum and urine of pregnant women. AB - Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) values in serum and urine were compared. The first appearance of the protein in urine happens 9-17 days after the first SP1 positive serum, i.e., about 9 days after the first missed period. Urinary SP1 values up to 6 weeks after LMP do not correlate with gestational age as do serum values, but towards the end of the first trimester this correlation becomes almost as good as the one obtained with serum. The urinary SP1 concentration of SP1 fluctuates around 2.3% of the serum concentration throughout pregnancy. PMID- 3486805 TI - [Epidemiology of the dry eye]. PMID- 3486807 TI - [Wide-angle endothelial microscopy in cataract surgery]. PMID- 3486806 TI - [Membrane filtration and cytocentrifugation to improve the microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial and mycotic infections of the eye]. PMID- 3486808 TI - [Electrostimulation to control urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3486809 TI - [Rejection mechanisms of allografts. Role of regional lymph nodes in the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes]. PMID- 3486810 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multilobated B-cell type: report of nine cases with immunohistochemical and immunoultrastructural evidence for a follicular center cell derivation. AB - The clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features in nine cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the multilobated B-cell type are described. Clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity was observed in these B-cell neoplasms. A probable follicular center cell derivation for these cytologically unusual B-cell lymphomas is supported by antecedent histories of follicular center cell neoplasms in three cases; a focal nodular pattern in one case; the demonstration of peanut lectin (PNA) receptors, a marker for follicular center cells, on neoplastic multilobated B cells; and immunoultrastructural studies of nonneoplastic tonsillar cells that identified and characterized rare multilobated cells, immunoreactive for B1, B2, and Ia membrane antigens, a phenotype consistent with follicular center-type cells. Comparison of B- and T-cell multilobated lymphomas revealed that only immunologic studies accurately discriminated between these neoplasms. PMID- 3486811 TI - [Pathogenesis and therapy of rheumatoid inflammation]. AB - By initial 3H-thymidine labelling an enhanced monocyte proliferation in the bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is demonstrated. The significant monocyte proliferation correlates positively with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate but shows a negative correlation with age. The high significance of the mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is seriously underlined by the experimental findings in our allergic arthritis model. Benoxaprofen as an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway and of the inflammatory monocyte influx significantly suppresses the experimental allergic synovitis. These findings stress upon the important role of the MNP-system in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrate the significance of the monocytes/macrophages as an important target-cell system for antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 3486812 TI - Activation of C57BL/6 spleen cells by the mitogenic principle derived from mycoplasma arthritidis. AB - A T cell mitogen derived from the supernatant of cultured mycoplasma arthritidis (MAS) has been recently discovered. Here we show that among a variety of strains, mycoplasma arthritidis was the only one elaborating the mitogen. Pools of MAS obtained at different occasions were quite variable in their biologic activity. Thus, in an attempt to obtain a more uniform preparation, MAS was semi-purified by Sephadex G-150 columns. Biologic activity eluted in a single peak in the molecular weight range of 13,000 daltons. "Nonresponsive" C57BL/6 spleen cells could be reconstituted to respond to MAS by the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2 ME). This reconstitutive effect was seen even when 2-ME was added 12 h after MAS. In further experiments, the lymphocyte culture technique was modified. Adherent spleen cells (AC) were grown and repeatedly washed before the simultaneous addition of nylon-purified T cells and MAS. Also in this experimental set-up, 2 ME could be added after the T cells. Finally, AC were cultured in the presence of MAS and after 4 h washed repeatedly. Subsequently, T cells and 2-ME were added. Also under these conditions, C57BL/6 spleen cells were capable of responding to MAS. These data suggest that 2-ME does not act on AC but on T cells. However, nylon-purified T cells in the complete absence of AC did not respond to MAS even in the presence of 2-ME. Thus, in order for the response to MAS to occur in "nonresponsive" C57BL/6 spleen cells, both AC and 2-ME are required. So far, our experiments have failed to conclusively unravel the mode of action of 2-ME. Yet, experiments using monoclonal antibodies against I-E have suggested that the response of "non-reacting" C57BL/6 spleen cells to MAS in the presence of 2-ME is not restricted by the molecule on the cell surface coded for by the I-E region. PMID- 3486813 TI - Analysis by sequential immunoprecipitations of the specificities of the monoclonal antibodies TU22,34,35,36,37,39,43,58 and YD1/63.HLK directed against human HLA class II antigens. AB - The monoclonal antibodies (MOABs) TU22, TU34, TU35, TU36, TU37, TU39, TU43, TU58 and YD1/63.HLK were used to identify subpopulations of class II antigens encoded by the human major histocompatibility complex. Since all MOABs reacted with B lymphocytes of HLA-DR1-8 homozygous as well as all heterozygous cells tested, they recognize monomorphic determinants, with the possible exception of TU58 and YD1/63.HLK which do not fix complement. As shown by radioactive binding assays and immunoprecipitations of labeled chains, 3 MOABs reacted strongly and 3 others weakly with isolated beta-chains, and the former also bound alpha-chains, albeit very weakly. Immunoprecipitations with the MOABs from 125I-labeled KR3598 cells (Dw5, DR5, MT2, MB3 homozygous, SB2, SB4) demonstrated that at least 4 different subpopulations of class II antigens were present in the lysate. Possibilities to reconcile these biochemical data with the reactivity of the MOABs with HLA mutant cell lines and with functional as well as tissue distribution studies are discussed. PMID- 3486814 TI - Interleukin 1 induces specific phosphorylation of a 41 kDa plasma membrane protein from the human tumor cell line K 562. AB - An in vitro system was established to investigate the early effects of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on a clearly defined subcellular system, the plasma membrane. Murine IL 1 was obtained from the macrophage tumor line P 388 D1 and purified to apparent homogeneity. Plasma membranes from the human leukaemic tumor cell line K 562 were highly purified by differential ultracentrifugation. The monokine induced the specific phosphorylation of a 41 kDa plasma membrane protein. This could be demonstrated by incubating the plasma membranes in the presence of IL 1 and (gamma-32P)-ATP, separating the proteins by SDS-PAGE and subsequent autoradiography. A first biochemical reaction caused by IL 1 in the target organelle of the cell, the plasma membrane, was discovered, yielding a clue of how signal transmission may take place finally resulting in the stimulation of the responding cell. PMID- 3486815 TI - Lymphocyte-induced macrophage cytotoxicity. III. Induction of specific macrophage cytotoxicity is independent of lipopolysaccharide. AB - The induction of specific macrophage cytotoxicity by allo-sensitized T cells in vitro is shown to be independent of the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This contrasts with the induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by Macrophage Activating Factor (MAF). The specific macrophage cytotoxicity could be induced in LPS-free medium (less than l ng/ml). Addition of LPS to the macrophages did not increase the cytotoxicity. Addition of LPS-binding polymyxin B to the macrophages before and during the induction of cytotoxicity did not reduce the specific macrophage cytotoxicity. Macrophages obtained from the LPS-unresponsive mouse strain C3H/HeJ were rendered cytotoxic by the allo-sensitized lymphocytes to the same extent as the macrophages from LPS-responsive C3HeB/Fe and C57BL mice. This indicates that the induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by MAF is different from the induction of specific macrophage cytotoxicity by Specific Macrophage Arming Factor (SMAF). PMID- 3486816 TI - Immunoglobulin levels of congenitally athymic rats immunized with thymus dependent-independent antigens. AB - The levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) in the serum and saliva of nude (rnu/rnu), congenitally athymic rats and control (rnu/+) rats were studied after injection in the vicinity of the salivary glands with several different T-dependent or T independent dinitrophenylated antigens. Serum IgG levels were higher in rnu/+ rats than rnu/rnu rats after both primary and secondary immunizations. WHile serum IgM levels were higher in rnu/+ rats after primary immunization, secondary immunization with the most thymic-dependent antigens elicited higher IgM levels in rnu/rnu rats. After primary immunization, serum IgA levels in rnu/rnu rats were significantly lower than rnu/+ levels but no differences between the groups were noted after secondary immunization. Primary immunization with these antigens also demonstrated a markedly reduced salivary IgA producing capability by the athymic rats. Importantly, no such differences in serum or salivary IgA were previously found in the absence of immunization. Thus, immunization accentuated differences in Ig level and isotype distribution between rnu/rnu and rnu/+ rats. PMID- 3486817 TI - Presentation by peritoneal macrophages: modulation by antibody-antigen complexes. AB - The effects of immune complex formation on presentation was studied. Immune complexes between an IgG2a monoclonal anti-DNP antibody and TNP-KLH were produced, and the presentation of the carrier molecule by peritoneal macrophages to KLH-primed T cells was monitored. Complex formation was found to enhance the proliferative response of the T cells. This enhancement was specific, was not mediated by lymphokine release, and required antibody with an intact Fc portion. The significance of these results in terms of immune regulation and antigen presentation is discussed. PMID- 3486818 TI - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies induced in mice by syngeneic receptor without adjuvants. AB - Acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-bearing membranes from the BC3H-1 cell lines were injected, without adjuvant, either intrathymically (i.t.) followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) booster doses, or i.p. alone, into (C57BL X BALB/c)F1 mice. Over 75% of the animals developed serum anti-AChRs which reacted with the cell-line AChR and with normal mouse endplate AChR. The titres were within the lower range of those of myasthenia gravis patients, and some mice showed reduced miniature endplate potential (m.e.p.p) amplitudes. these results indicate that loss of tolerance to acetylcholine receptors can result from immunization against syngeneic AChR without adjuvant. This approach may provide a useful model for studying mechanisms of autoimmunity against acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 3486819 TI - Direct induction of human B-cell differentiation by recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) induced highly purified human tonsillar B cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells in vitro. The B-cell response was not due to rIL-2-contaminating substances, but reflected the activity of IL-2 itself, since it was inhibited by addition to the cultures of anti-TAC monoclonal antibody. The rIL-2-induced B-cell response was apparently not mediated by factors released by residual T cells present in B-cell suspensions at undetectable levels, since supernatants (SN) from unstimulated autologous T cells cultured at concentrations even much higher than those possibly contaminating B-cell suspensions did not induce any detectable Ig production. In addition, the Ig production by B cells cultured with SN prepared from high numbers of autologous T cells stimulated with rIL-2, as well as from allo-activated or mitogen-stimulated T cells, was of the same magnitude as the Ig production resulting from direct addition of rIL-2 concentrations comparable with those present in the supernatants. After centrifugation on Percoll density gradients, most of the tonsillar B cells responsive to rIL-2 were recovered in the lower density cell fraction containing a number of larger activated B cells. Moreover, B-cell enriched suspensions from peripheral blood (PB) (which usually contains a lower number of in vivo activated B cells than tonsil) showed poor or no response to rIL-2 alone, but displayed significant Ig production when rIL-2 was added to the cultures in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486820 TI - Characteristics of human B cells responsive to the T-independent mitogen Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - Non-T cells from tonsil or blood were fractionated according to buoyant density, isotype of surface immunoglobulin, or the ability to form rosettes with mouse erythrocytes. Each fraction was tested for the ability to proliferate in response to B. catarrhalis (Bc) and, for comparison, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC) or an MLR supernatant (TF). Cells in all density fractions responded to Bc, the greatest response occurring in the high-density cell fraction. SAC could similarly induce proliferation in high-density cells, in contrast to TF which preferentially activated cells in the low-density fraction. When cells were fractionated by rosetting with mouse erythrocytes, both fractions (MRBC-R+ and MRBC-R-) responded to Bc and to SAC, whereas the greatest response to TF occurred in the MRBC-R- cell fraction. Depletion of sIgD+ sIgM+ cells almost completely abolished the response to Bc, suggesting that responsive cells express both these classes of immunoglobulin on their membrane. Furthermore inclusion of anti-delta antibodies in cultures resulted in failure to proliferate in response to Bc. These data strongly suggest that Bc, like SAC but in contrast to TF, is able to stimulate proliferation in cells with the characteristics of resting B cells, i.e., high-density, sIgD+ cells which form rosettes with MRBC. This may be related to the fact that Bc, like SAC, is able to bind to human immunoglobulins. PMID- 3486821 TI - Studies on the differentiation of T lymphocytes in sheep. III. Preliminary characterization of an antigen recognized by two anti-pan T-cell monoclonal antibodies. AB - ST-1a and ST-1b are monoclonal antibodies that selectively react with cells in the T-cell lineage of the sheep. Preliminary structural studies using radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that both ST-1a and ST-1b recognize an antigen of apparent molecular weight 67,000 and 60,000-65,000, under either reducing or nonreducing conditions. Differential expression of these 67,000 and 60,000-65,000 MW proteins was observed in T cells obtained from various anatomical compartments. Cortical thymocytes and efferent lymph lymphocytes expressed predominantly the 67,000 molecule, whereas a thymus cell fraction enriched for medullary thymocytes expressed mainly the 60,000-65,000 MW molecule. Both proteins were found in equivalent amounts in immunoprecipitates obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymph node lymphocytes. Peptide mapping studies indicated that 67,000 proteins of both ST-1a and ST-1b immunoprecipitates have significant homology in peptide composition. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments clearly demonstrated that the antigens recognized by ST-1a and ST-1b antibodies are the same. On the basis of the size, tissue distribution and trypsin sensitivity of the antigen, together with cytofluorometry data, we suggest that the target antigen of ST-1a and ST-1b monoclonal antibodies is the ovine homologue of mouse Lyt-1 and human Leu-1. PMID- 3486823 TI - Effect of PHA-activated T cells on B-cell differentiation. AB - Recent studies indicate that human T cells expressing the T4 determinant are comprised of functionally distinct subsets. We investigated if activation of OKT4+ cells with the mitogen PHA affected their ability to regulate the proliferation and polyclonal differentiation of autologous B cells. OKT4+ cells were preactivated with PHA and then cocultured with autologous B cells in the presence or absence of PWM. B-cell proliferation and differentiation to immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgSC) were assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and reverse haemolytic plaque assay, respectively. In the absence of PWM, the PHA-activated OKT4+ cells demonstrated radioresistant help and radiosensitive suppression of IgSC responses. Addition of PWM to cocultures of irradiated PHA preactivated OKT4 cells and autologous B cells resulted in further suppression of IgSC responses, suggesting that PWM activated yet another suppression mechanism. Addition of PWM caused diminished B-cell proliferation as well. These data demonstrate functional heterogeneity within the OKT4 subset, and suggest that the particular immunoregulatory activity displayed is influenced by the state and mode of activation of these cells. PMID- 3486822 TI - The effects of interleukins and other soluble factors on T-lymphocyte colony formation. AB - When plated in semi-solid media, PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) form discrete T-cell colonies. By contrast, Sephadex G 10 non-adherent (NA) cells (greater than 96% T lymphocytes) show virtually no clonal growth unless cocultured with soluble factors derived from either normal adherent cells or tumour cell lines. Purified IL-1 was able to initiate colony growth of mitogen-stimulated NA cells; cultures containing 20 U of human IL-1 yielded colony counts that were only slightly less than those with PBMC. In addition, recombinant IL-2, free of measurable IL-1, was able to provide the initiating signal required for clonal expansion. Both recombinant and lymphocyte derived IL-2 were able to enhance the clonal growth of PBMC. Colony growth could be initiated by supernatants derived from short-term cultures of either monocytic (U937, HL60) or B-cell (Raji, Daudi) tumour cell lines. The abilities of these tumour cell lines to promote clonal responses did not correlate with their contents of either IL-1 or IL-2. By contrast, supernatants derived from either K562 (an erythroleukaemic line) or MOLT 4 (a T-cell lymphoma) cells did not provide the initiating signal. PMID- 3486826 TI - Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in measles. PMID- 3486825 TI - Proliferative response in solid culture of T cells from patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma. AB - T cells proliferative response in both liquid and solid culture conditions (the later prevents direct cell to cell contact) was investigated in nineteen Extrinsic Bronchial Asthma patients (EBA). Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a T cell mitogen was used as mitogenic stimulus in both liquid and solid conditions. While the response to phytohemaglutinin (used in liquid culture as reference) was intact, the EBA group showed a significant reduction in the proliferative response to TPA in both culture conditions. Furthermore, when adherent cells were removed prior to TPA stimulation, while the control group showed a significant decrease in proliferation, the already depressed low proliferation of the EBA group remained unchanged. These results suggest the prevalence of suppressor signals in EBA and may indicate heterogeneity of the suppressor cells pool since high levels of total serum IgE were also present in the same patients. PMID- 3486824 TI - Production of human and murine interleukin-2 by toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. AB - Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), isolated from Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), is known as a potent mitogen and interleukin-1 inducer. The potential of TSST-1 as an interleukin-2 (IL-2) inducer was tested on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) and murine spleen lymphocytes (MSL). These cells were incubated with TSST-1 and the supernatants analysed for IL-2 production. Preincubation of IL-2-dependent indicator cells (IC) with a monoclonal antibody specific for murine IL-2 receptors inhibited their proliferation by supernatants of TSST-1-treated MSL, thus strongly suggesting that they contain IL-2. The concentrations of TSST-1 required for HPBL or MSL to produce IL-2 ranged between 10(-1) and 10(-4) micrograms/ml. The amount of IL-2 units/ml varied little from one experiment to another. In contrast, IL-2 production by PHA-stimulated HPBL or Con A-stimulated MSL showed great variability and dependence on mitogen concentration. T-cell depleted MSL exposed to TSST-1 produced less IL-2. Experiments with germ-free mice and TSST-1-primed mice demonstrated that IL-2 production is not related to TSST-1 antigenicity. PMID- 3486827 TI - Suppressive and augmentative effects of recombinant human interleukin-2 upon delayed type of hypersensitivity in the mouse. AB - The in vivo action of recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was investigated against the delayed type of footpad swelling to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in B6D2F1 mice. A single intravenous injection of 1 X 10(5) of SRBC induced transient cell-mediated immunity for delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) which peaked four days after the immunization and diminished rapidly thereafter. IL-2 exerted both suppressive and augmentative effects, depending on the timing of its administration in relation to the immunization. Daily intraperitoneal injections of as much as 5 X 10(4) Jurkat units of IL-2 from day 0 through day 3 caused marked suppression of DTH elicited on day 4. On the other hand, three or four consecutive injections of IL-2 from day 4 or day 3 through day 6 produced potent DTH on day 7, when DTH was faint, if there was any, without IL-2 administration. Potentiation of DTH was also observed when three injections of IL-2 were given from day 7 through day 9 and the antigen was challenged on day 10. These results suggest that IL-2 acts as an immunomodulator against cell-mediated immunity to SRBC in the mouse. PMID- 3486828 TI - Cell mediated immunity in tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 3486830 TI - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro multiplication rates of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A model of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in rats was used to compare the net in vivo and in vitro multiplication rates of this bacterium. In both the blood of rats and in vitro cultures (fresh rat blood or enriched broth) there was an exponential increase in the number of CFU per milliliter with calculated net mean generation times as follows: sham-operated rats, 82 +/- 39 min (n = 5); asplenic rats, 34 +/- 5 min (n = 13); broth, 26 +/- 4 min (n = 12); rat blood, 24 +/- 1 min (n = 14). Thus, in vivo multiplication of H. influenzae type b can be extremely efficient. PMID- 3486829 TI - Membrane glycolipid and phospholipid composition of lipopolysaccharide-responsive and -nonresponsive murine B lymphocytes. AB - Neutral glycolipids, gangliosides, and phospholipids present on membranes of unstimulated or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cells were analyzed in LPS responsive C3H/HePAS and LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. In the set of neutral glycolipids, asialo GM1 reacted preferentially with galactose oxidase but was not detectable with monospecific antibodies during immunocytofluorescence analysis. Another, more polar, neutral glycolipid appeared exclusively after stimulation of responsive B cells. Among the membrane gangliosides 1 to 5 that were able to react with galactose oxidase on B cells, ganglioside 3 was not detected in the mutant strain, and its absence was counterbalanced by the presence of a larger amount of ganglioside 1. The biosynthesis of total membrane phospholipids and the balance between phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were significantly different in the two mouse strains examined and were quantitatively and qualitatively modified during the mitogenic response to LPS. PMID- 3486831 TI - Monocyte-mediated suppression of T lymphocyte blastogenesis and its reversal by deoxyguanosine. Defects in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We investigated monocyte-mediated suppression of T lymphocyte blastogenesis in normals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). When monocytes from normals were cocultured with autologous T lymphocytes with a ratio of 1:1 and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), 3H-thymidine incorporation by T lymphocytes was suppressed. This monocyte-mediated suppression was reversed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase substrate, deoxyguanosine. In SLE patients, both monocyte-mediated suppression and its reversal by deoxyguanosine were defective. The defective function was observed both in patients with active and inactive diseases. The defective function was studied sequentially before and after change in the clinical status of patients. The defects remained unaffected regardless of the disease activity. The defects in monocyte-mediated suppression and its reversal by deoxyguanosine in SLE patients as demonstrated in our study suggest the presence of intrinsic monocyte dysfunction in SLE. PMID- 3486832 TI - Alveolar lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis respond poorly to activation by mitogenic lectins. AB - Attempts have been made to activate alveolar cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from 17 patients with sarcoidosis in different stages with the lectins concanavalin A and leukoagglutinin. The cells obtained from 2 of the patients responded well by proliferation whereas the cells from the other 15 patients responded poorly. Coculture experiments indicate that the low proliferative response was not due to inhibitory effects exerted by alveolar lymphocytes or macrophages, but rather to a lack of responding T cells. The results are discussed in relation to other studies showing increased immune reactivity in alveolar lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis. PMID- 3486833 TI - Comparison of the arthritogenic properties of dietary cow's milk, egg albumin and soya milk in experimental animals. AB - The arthritogenic effect of dietary cow's milk, egg albumin and soya milk were compared in Old English rabbits. The 12-week cow's milk feeding regimen produced the highest incidence of significant joint lesions. Lesions were evident but mild at 5 weeks and the synovitis had resolved by 32 weeks. It is suggested that the transient nature of the synovitis may be due to the development of specific secretory IgA antibodies which were detectable in faecal pellet extracts. Sandy Lop rabbits were less susceptible to the arthritogenic effect than were Old English rabbits. Dietary ovalbumin was less arthritogenic than cow's milk despite high titres of serum and synovial fluid antibodies and immune complexes. The rabbits were 'tolerant' to dietary soya due probably to pre-existing levels of soya protein in their diet. Lewis and Wistar strain rats, CBA, Balb/c and C57/BL6 mice fed on cow's milk for 3 months did not develop serum antibodies or synovial lesions. It is suggested that this allergic synovitis is not a model for early rheumatoid joint disease because of the transience of the lesions and lack of stimulation of rheumatoid factor. It may well, however, be a model for the arthralgia seen in patients with certain food allergies. PMID- 3486834 TI - Spasm of the left main coronary artery: an indication for surgery? AB - A patient with severe angina at rest was studied by coronary angiography. A severe spasm in the left main coronary artery was observed; after nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate a moderate stenosis was still present and surgery was successfully performed. PMID- 3486835 TI - Effects of several antibiotics on the neuromuscular junction: Part II. AB - The effects of various kinds of antibiotics including tetracycline (TC), chloramphenicol (CP), sodium cephalothin (CET), sodium cefazolin (CEZ), colistin sulfate (CL), colistin sodium methanesulfonate (CL-M), bacitracin (BC), gramicidin HCl (GR), rifampicin sulfate (RFP) and lincomycin (LCM), on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) were studied by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, CL and LCM exhibited a blocking effect on the NMJ in rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations, and GR caused a marked increase in muscle contraction. This effect was not affected by administration of eserine or CaCl2. In in vitro experiments with frog sciatica nerve and musculus sartorius preparations, CL and GR induced the appearance of endplate potentials, suggesting blockade of the NMJ. No blocking effect of other antibiotics was observed. In in vitro experiments with the preparations from Rana catesbiana frogs, TC and LCM induced a decrease in the frequency of miniature endplate potentials. In in vivo experiments with rabbit musculus tibialis anterior preparations, CL, TC and LCM exerted a blocking effect soon after administration, but GR and RFP had a late blocking effect. CL, GR, BC and RFP were found not to compete with eserine or CaCl2 in terms of the blocking effect on the NMJ. From the fact that TC did not compete with eserine but did compete with CaCl2 and with KCl as blockers at the NMJ, this blocking effect of TC seems to be due to inhibition of release of acetylcholine (ACh). The fact that LCM competes with eserine indicates that this antibiotic has the same type of action as curare on ACh receptors of the NMJ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486836 TI - Personalized nursing: an effective intervention model for use with drug-dependent women in an emergency room. AB - One hundred and fifty five drug-dependent women in an urban hospital emergency room in Detroit, Michigan, were the subjects for this 3-year exploratory field study. Subjects were women who told the emergency room staff that while they wanted assistance with their presenting health problems, they wanted no assistance with their drug addiction. The women were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control study group. Both groups received a pretest in the emergency room, a posttest between 8 and 12 weeks after their emergency room visit, and a follow-up test 6 months after the posttest. In addition, the experimental women were seen by project nurses, primarily in their homes, for a maximum of eight visits on a once-a-week basis. The experimental women were treated using "Personalized Nursing," a nursing intervention model, which focused on providing assistance for client-identified concerns. It was hypothesized that interaction with the Personalized Nursing Intervention Model would be associated with: a decrease in daily drug cost and a decrease in perceived stress. Results show that while there were no differences between the study groups at the pretest interview, the experimental group reported a lower daily drug cost (F(1, 95) = 2.90; p = 0.09), a lower daily heroin cost (U = 165; p = .01), less perceived stress (F(1, 84) = 3.00; p = .09) and emotional distress (F(1, 83) = 3.70; p = .06) than control subjects at the 8-week posttest. The experimental subjects also reported less perceived stress (t(65) = -2.35; p = .02) at 6-month follow-up than control subjects. It was found that results could be improved if members of the experimental clients' social networks were treated simultaneously and if project nurses were correctly utilizing the model. Implications for substance abuse treatment programs are discussed. The encouraging results of this exploratory study warrant follow-up and replication. PMID- 3486837 TI - Perceptions of deviant stereotypes by alcoholism, mental health, and school personnel in New Zealand and the United States. AB - The present study examines the ideologies regarding deviance held by alcoholism workers (AW), mental health service providers (MH), and school personnel (SP) in the United States (U.S.) and New Zealand (N.Z.). The two countries subscribe to different sociopolitical systems. The U.S. can be viewed as an individualistic/capitalistic society; N.Z. can be characterized as a social welfare state. It was anticipated that sociopolitical differences would result in differing ideologies regarding deviant persons. It was also anticipated that each group of service providers would, because of their training histories, evidence different ideologies, for example, that the AW sample would differ significantly from the MH sample. No specific predictions concerning these differences were attempted. PMID- 3486838 TI - Alcohol use and alcoholism in Latin America: changing patterns and sociocultural explanations. AB - Alcoholism and alcohol-related problems in Latin America constitute a serious problem that may be increasing despite variations by ethnicity, country, and other variables. Ethnographic studies since 1940 suggest that heavy, convivial drinking among adult males for recreational reasons is common and has been for some time. Epidemiological surveys and ethnographic research since 1960 suggest that social changes accompanying urbanization and modernization are introducing escapist/utilitarian motives for drinking that interact with traditional recreational motives to cause increasing alcohol use and alcoholism. A resource table on use patterns in Latin America is provided. PMID- 3486839 TI - Intervention and prevention of drug-taking behavior: a need for divergent approaches. AB - This article undertakes a review of recent approaches to studying the relationship between personality and drug-taking behavior, and the implications that such research has for treatment. Emphasis is given to the need to perceive drug-taking behavior as a multidimensional phenomenon, in which the choice of drug, reason for its use, and personality and social factors, among other variables, need to be interrelated. The relationship between this approach and intervention procedures is explored, and the need to develop differential intervention strategies for drug-related problem behavior is also discussed. PMID- 3486840 TI - Marijuana effects on the speed of memory retrieval in the letter-matching task. AB - Marijuana's effect on the speed of retrieving simple information from memory was studied using a task in which subjects saw two letters and decided whether or not they had the same name. Subjects smoked a single marijuana or placebo cigarette under double-blind conditions. Marijuana slowed reaction time relative to placebo, but this effect was not influenced by the demands on memory retrieval or by providing advance information relevant to the required decisions, suggesting that memory retrieval was unimpaired. PMID- 3486841 TI - Immunopharmacological profile of HWA 486, a novel isoxazol derivative--II. In vivo immunomodulating effects differ from those of cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, or cyclosporin A. AB - We have shown in earlier studies that the isoxazol derivative, HWA 486, prevents the onset of the adjuvant disease in Lewis rats. The diminished arthritic reaction was correlated with an improved response of lymphocytes to T- and B-cell mitogens, indicating that HWA 486 may have immunomodulating activity. We have further elucidated the activity of this substance in mice and compared it to that of cyclophosphamide (Cy), prednisolone (Pr) and cyclosporin A (CsA). After five days of oral treatment the HWA 486 pattern of response differed from each of the three immunosuppressive agents. Both Cy and Pr inhibited the formation of plaque forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), antibody production to SRBC, mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation, and the PMA stimulated chemiluminescence of peritoneal lavage cells (PL-cells). CsA and HWA 486 were also inhibitory in the formation of PFC and antibodies to SRBC, yet neither substance affected the LPS induced blastogenesis. HWA 486 differs, though, from CsA in that the T-cell mitogens (Con A and PHA) were able to induce proliferation in lymphocytes obtained from animals treated with this compound. Also, the PMA induced chemiluminescence from PL-cells was enhanced. The data indicates that HWA 486 has inhibitory activity on T-dependent B-cells, yet does not affect T independent B-cells, and may not influence T-cell responsiveness. These findings may explain the disease modifying activity of HWA 486 in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. PMID- 3486842 TI - Suppression of thymocyte proliferation in vitro by a dioctyltin dichloride induced serum factor. AB - Oral administration of dioctyltin dichloride (DOTC) results in the production or release of factors which appear to prevent thymocyte maturation at an early stage. Sera obtained from rats gavaged with 75 mg DOTC/kg on alternate days, significantly inhibited PHA-induced blastogenesis of normal thymocytes. In vitro uptake of tritiated thymidine by thymocytes obtained from DOTC-gavaged rats was markedly reduced. These events occurred 24 to 72 h after commencement of DOTC treatment and preceded overt thymic weight loss. The effects of DOTC may therefore be a consequence of factor(s) capable of blocking the intrathymic differentiation of T cell precursors. PMID- 3486843 TI - Immunoprofile of reactions in leprosy. AB - The immunologic profile during erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) revealed increased percentage and absolute count of B-lymphocytes, in addition to considerably lowered levels of complement component C3. Serum immunoglobulins--IgG, IgA, and IgM--were significantly raised after subsidence of ENL, whereas upgrading reaction showed an increase of absolute count of total T lymphocytes and percentage and count of B-lymphocytes. In addition, a raised serum IgM level was noted after regression of ENL. Downgrading reaction demonstrated a decreased percentage of early T-lymphocytes and raised the absolute count of B-lymphocytes. Serum IgA levels were found to be increased after amelioration of ENL. PMID- 3486845 TI - Effects of plutonium-239 on haemopoiesis. I. Quantitative and qualitative changes in CFU-S in different regions of the mouse femur and vertebrae. AB - Mice were injected with plutonium-239 (960 Bq/mouse) and, over a period of four months, the response of haemopoietic tissue and the self-renewal capacity of its stem cells was monitored. Cellularity, CFU-S concentration and self-renewal capacity were measured in five different regions of bone and marrow--axial and marginal marrow of the femoral shaft, femur shaft, proximal and distal ends of the femur shaft and vertebrae. Cellularities were little affected by plutonium but CFU-S were reduced in all regions, most severely in the bone shaft and marginal marrow due to the initial deposition of plutonium on the bone surface, by four days. The reduction in axial CFU-S, however, was due probably to a relatively long plasma half-life resulting from the tendency of plutonium to combine with plasma proteins. The capacity of CFU-S for self-renewal was reduced and remained low in all zones. Thus, although the highly self-renewing axial CFU S were depleted, and remained so, due probably to a longer term redistribution of plutonium throughout the marrow, additional proliferation of the more mature CFU S in the other zones kept their self-renewal low while replenishing their numbers and maintaining a normal cell output. PMID- 3486844 TI - Molecular analysis of X-ray-induced mutants at the HPRT locus in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - Spontaneous and X-ray-induced mutants at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) locus have been isolated from V79 Chinese hamster cells and characterized at the biochemical and cytogenetic levels. Fourteen spontaneous and 24 X-ray-induced clones were azaguanine and thioguanine resistant, did not grow in HAT medium (AZRTGRHATS) and failed to incorporate significant levels of [14C]hypoxyanthine. Cytogenetic analysis of two spontaneous and eight X-ray induced mutants revealed no major X chromosome rearrangements. In two induced mutants, one of which was hypotetraploid (mode 35-39) with 2 X chromosomes, the short arm of the chromosome (Xp) was slightly shorter than normal. A third mutant was hyperdiploid (mode 22-23) compared with the parental clone (mode 21). When compared with wild-type clones, no other cytogenetic changes were evident in the remaining mutants. Analysis at the DNA level using a Chinese hamster HPRT cDNA probe showed major deletion of HPRT sequences in two and partial deletion in another two induced mutants. In two of the mutants with deletions of HPRT sequences there was a visible shortening of the Xp arm. In the other six mutants two spontaneous and four induced) no karyotypic changes or alterations in restriction fragment patterns were detected suggesting that they carry small deletions or point mutations at the HPRT locus. PMID- 3486846 TI - The r.b.e. of fast fission neutrons (2 MeV) for chronic radiation damage of the large bowel of rats after single dose and fractionated irradiation. AB - Late damage in the rectum of rats was studied after local irradiation with 2 MeV fast fission neutrons and the results were compared with those for 300 kV X-rays. A similarity between latency times, and between clinical, gross pathological and histological appearances of the rectal obstruction after the two types of radiation was observed. The r.b.e. evaluated from ED 50/200 days values was 1.8 for single doses, 2.1 for two fractions and 3 for five fractions and these are similar to r.b.e.s from other investigations of chronic intestinal radiation damage. Using linear quadratic analysis, a limiting r.b.e. of 5 was obtained. The beta-values are similar for both radiation qualities. Because of the high gamma contamination (25 per cent) in the RENT I beam a possible correction of the r.b.e. for neutrons only, assuming interaction, is discussed. PMID- 3486847 TI - Report of the U.K. Government's Advisory Committee on Irradiated and Novel Foods. PMID- 3486848 TI - Enhanced induction by X-irradiation of DNA double-strand breakage in mitotic as compared with S-phase V79 cells. AB - A marked enhancement of X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breakage was demonstrated for mitotic Chinese hamster (V79) cells compared with S-phase cells or asynchronous cultures, which can explain the high radiosensitivity of mitotic cells. However, mitotic cells required twice the level of DNA double-strand breakage to produce a lethal lesion of that required for S-phase or asynchronous cells, suggesting that repair in mitotic cells is less error prone. PMID- 3486849 TI - Reactions of OH radicals with poly(U) in deoxygenated solutions: sites of OH radical attack and the kinetics of base release. AB - Pulse radiolysis of N2O-saturated solutions of poly(U) in the presence of tetranitromethane showed that 81 per cent of the radicals formed are reducing in nature. Using data from other sources it has been estimated that 70 per cent of the OH radicals add to the base at C(5) and 23 per cent at C(6) while only 7 per cent abstract an H-atom from the sugar moiety. To a large extent the C(5) OH adduct radicals attack the sugar moiety of poly(U) thereby inducing strand breakage and base release. G (base release) = 2.9 can be subdivided into three components: (a) immediate (20 per cent), (b) fast (50 per cent) and (c) slow (30 per cent). The immediate base release must occur either during the free-radical stage or as a result of the rapid (t1/2 less than 4 min at 0 degree C) decomposition of a diamagnetic product. The fast and the slow processes are only readily observable at elevated temperatures, e.g. at 50 degrees C the half lives are 83 min and 26 h, respectively (Ea (fast) = 68 kJ mol-1, Ea (slow) = 89 kJ mol 1, A (fast) = 1.5 X 10(7) s-1, A (slow) = 1.9 X 10(9) s-1. It is concluded that there are three different types of sugar lesions giving rise to base release, structures for which are tentatively proposed. PMID- 3486850 TI - Radiolysis of poly(U) in oxygenated solution. AB - Aqueous N2O/O2-saturated solutions of poly(U) were irradiated at 0 degrees C and the release of unaltered uracil determined. Immediately after irradiation G(uracil release) was 1.5 which increased to a value of 5.3 +/- 0.3 upon heating to 95 degrees C. Thereby all of the organic hydroperoxides (G = 6.8 +/- 0.7) and some of the hydrogen peroxide (G = 1.7 +/- 0.2) was destroyed leaving G(peroxidic material; mainly hydrogen peroxide) = 1.0 +/- 0.7. G(chromophore loss) = 8-11 was measured immediately after irradiation, but no increase was observed upon heating. Addition of iodide destroyed the hydroperoxides and caused immediate base release to rise to G = 4 and further heating brought the value to that observed in the absence of iodide. In contrast, on reducing the hydroperoxides with NaBH4, immediate uracil release rose to only G = 2.8 and no further increase was observed on heating. A major product (G = 2.7) is carbon dioxide. There are also osazone-forming compounds produced (G = 2.7), all of which are originally bound to poly(U). Heating in acid solutions, as is required for this test, releases glycoladehyde-derived osazone (G = 0.8) and further unidentified low molecular weight material (G = 0.9). It is concluded that the primary radicals which cause these lesions are the base OH adduct radicals. In the presence of oxygen these are converted into the corresponding peroxyl radicals which abstract an H atom from the sugar moiety. In the course of this reaction base hydroperoxides are formed. However, such base hydroperoxides cannot be the only organic hydroperoxides, but some (G congruent to 2.5) sugar-hydroperoxides must be formed as indicated by the increase in base release by the addition of iodide. It is speculated that a sugar-hydroperoxide located at C(3') is reduced by iodide to a carbonyl function at C(3'), a lesion that releases the base, while reduction with NaBH4 reduces it to an alcohol function at C(3') thus preventing base release. PMID- 3486851 TI - A pulse radiolytic study of the interaction of nitroxyls with free-radical adducts of purines: consequences for radiosensitization. AB - Using the technique of pulse radiolysis, it has been demonstrated that the radicals, produced on interaction of the hydroxyl radical with purine nucleotides/nucleosides, interact with the nitroxyls, TMPN and NPPN. It has been possible to discern the various interactions in terms of the known redox properties of the various OH-radical adducts of the purines based upon spectral and kinetic data. It has been confirmed that the properties of the radical produced on interaction of Br2-. with dGMP, based upon its subsequent interactions with nitroxyls, are quantitatively the same as those for the .OH radical adduct of dGMP with oxidizing properties. The implications of these findings are presented in terms of the potential competition between nitroxyls and cellular radiation modifiers for the various DNA radicals with different redox potentials, and thereby assess the potential importance of the reactivity of the oxidizing-purine radicals towards nitroxyls in radiobiological studies. PMID- 3486854 TI - Temperature regulation in the unrestrained rabbit during exposure to 600 MHz radiofrequency radiation. AB - Six male New Zealand white rabbits were individually exposed to 600 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation for 90 min in a waveguide exposure system at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 20 or 30 degrees C. Immediately after exposure, the rabbit was removed from the exposure chamber and its colonic and ear skin temperatures were quickly measured. The whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) required to increase colonic and ear skin temperature was determined. At a Ta of 20 degrees C the threshold SAR for elevating colonic and ear skin temperature was 0.64 and 0.26 W/kg, respectively. At a Ta of 30 degrees C the threshold SARs were slightly less than at 20 degrees C, with values of 0.26 W/kg for elevating colonic temperature and 0.19 W/kg for elevating ear skin temperature. The relationship between heat load and elevation in deep body temperature shown in this study at 600 MHz is similar to past studies which employed much higher frequencies of RF radiation (2450-2884 MHz). On the other hand, comparison of these data with studies on exercise-induced heat production and thermoregulation in the rabbit suggest that the relationship between heat gain and elevation in body temperature in exercise and from exposure to RF radiation may differ considerably. When combined with other studies, it was shown that the logarithm of the SAR required for a 1.0 degree C elevation in deep body temperature of the rabbit, rat, hamster, and mouse was inversely related to the logarithm of body mass. The results of this study are consistent with the conclusion that body mass strongly influences thermoregulatory sensitivity of the aforementioned laboratory mammals during exposure to RF radiation. PMID- 3486853 TI - Radiation-induced alterations in binding of concanavalin A to cells and in their susceptibility to agglutination. AB - Cell susceptibility to agglutination mediated by a plant lectin, concanavalin A (Con A), and the binding capacity of Con A to cells following gamma-irradiation have been examined in mouse myeloid leukaemia cells cultured in suspension. Irradiation caused an immediate decrease in the amount of Con A bound to the cell surface, whereas susceptibility of irradiated cells to agglutination by Con A was unchanged when compared to that of the unirradiated cells. Post-irradiation incubation of cells at 37 degrees C resulted in a temporary, more than 1.3-fold increase in cell susceptibility to agglutination 60 min after irradiation, whereas binding capacity of cells for Con A gradually recovered following irradiation, reaching a comparable level to that of unirradiated cells 3 h after irradiation. Cell susceptibility to agglutination by Con A does not depend strongly on its binding capacity. PMID- 3486852 TI - Radiation-induced changes of negative charge on the cell surface of primary human fibroblasts. AB - By binding cationized ferritin (CF) to the plasma membrane of primary human fibroblasts, the amount and topology of negatively charged sites on cell surfaces were studied after X-irradiation. The CF binding was tested both on fixed and unfixed cells. Using various enzymes, the chemical nature of sites carrying the negative charges on cell surfaces was investigated. The results suggest that in unirradiated fibroblasts the CF binding occurred in a polarized manner, i.e. the particles were localized mainly on the apical surface of cells and formed clusters. The thin cytoplasmic protrusions and cell-to-cell contact sites bound CF to a greater extent than the bleb-like formations. Enzymatic digestion of surface polysaccharides showed that the main carriers of negatively charged sites are the glycosaminoglycans associated with the cell surface. The fixation of cells with glutaraldehyde did not influence the topology of CF binding either before or after the enzymatic treatment. After X-irradiation with 2.5 Gy the topology of CF binding did not change but the CF coverage of cells as well as the amount of ferritin particles per unit of surface area decreased within 10 min. The changes proved to be reversible as the values reached the pre-irradiation level by 1 h after irradiation. PMID- 3486855 TI - Direct analysis of quantal radiation response data. AB - A direct analysis is proposed for quantal (all-or-nothing) responses to fractionated radiation and endpoint-dilution assays of cell survival. As opposed to two-step methods such as the reciprocal-dose technique, in which ED50 values are first estimated for different fractionation schemes and then fit (as reciprocals) against dose per fraction, all raw data are included in a single maximum-likelihood treatment. The method accommodates variations such as short interval fractionation regimens designed to determine tissue repair kinetics, tissue response to continuous exposures, and data obtained using endpoint dilution assays of cell survival after fractionated doses. Monte-Carlo techniques were used to compare the direct and reciprocal-dose methods for analysis of small scale and large-scale studies of response to fractionated doses. Both methods tended toward biased estimates in the analysis of the small-scale (3 fraction numbers) studies. The alpha/beta ratios showed less scatter when estimated by the direct method. Most important, the 95 per cent confidence intervals determined by the direct method were more appropriate than those determined by reciprocal-dose analysis, for which 18 per cent (small-scale study) or 8 per cent (large-scale study) of the confidence intervals did not include the 'true' value of alpha/beta. PMID- 3486857 TI - A morphological analysis of experimental myopia in young chickens. AB - Devices that degrade vision were applied to the left eyes of 3-day old chicks. The dome device affected the entire visual field, and the arch device, only the lateral field. Control chicks wearing a circumorbital ring and untreated chicks were also examined. The dome device produced -15D and the arch device -4D of mean refractive error, while the ring and untreated chicks were emmetropic. Morphological measurements were made from macrophotographs of the intact and hemisected eyes fixed as for electron microscopy. The effects of the devices were analysed from the mean differences between the left (treated) and right (control) eyes. Nearly linear growth of the normal eye was found during the period in which measurements were taken (age 20-55 days). The ring device did not affect eye growth. The arch device significantly increased the dorsoventral equatorial diameter of the eye. The dome device had the greatest effect, and resulted in increases in both axial length and equatorial diameter during the treatment period. Dome eyes had a bulging cornea, increased anterior chamber depth, more open angle, and greater corneal diameter than controls. The axial length and equatorial diameter of the posterior segment also were increased. Two inflammatory responses of the eye were found, particularly in dome eyes; about 50% of treated eyes exhibited choroidal swelling, and vitreal clouding was found less frequently. The association between inflammation and excessive accommodation in producing the observed changes is discussed. PMID- 3486856 TI - Complication of acute epiglottitis. AB - Acute airway obstruction secondary to supraglottic inflammation is a regional manifestation of epiglottitis in children. Pneumonia, meningitis, cervical adenitis and septic shock are systemic manifestations which can complicate the course of acute epiglottitis. Prompt airway control and institution of appropriate high dose i.v. antibiotics are both important to continue to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with the regional and systemic manifestations of acute epiglottitis in children. PMID- 3486859 TI - Activation of human B cells: involvement of surface immunoglobulin as evidenced by two biochemically distinct types of response to Staphylococcus aureus. AB - If activation of human B cells by Staphylococcus aureus proceeds through interaction of surface immunoglobulin with Staphylococcal protein A, then immunoglobulins should be produced that are capable of binding to protein A as a consequence of such stimulation. In the present report it is shown that two biochemically distinct types of response to S. aureus are demonstrable in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two types of IgM are produced: IgM capable of binding to protein A, and IgM that does not bind and can be recovered by immunoprecipitation with anti-Ig antibodies. Cloned cell lines produce one of either type of Ig, but not both. Therefore, interaction of protein A with Ig alone cannot account for the stimulatory properties of S. aureus. When S. aureus is used in conjunction with pokeweek mitogen, a synergistic effect between the two mitogens is seen. Under conditions of optimal synergistic stimulation, the increase in immunoglobulin production is seen virtually exclusively in the category of molecules capable of binding to protein A. These results offer strong support for a model where optimal differentiation of human B cells to plasma cells is contingent upon receiving at least two signals: one signal is delivered to the surface immunoglobulin, and one signal delivered to the B cell in a T cell and/or monocyte dependent fashion (B cell growth and differentiation factors). PMID- 3486858 TI - Visualization of birch pollen allergens using IgE-containing sera from human atopic individuals in immunogold labelling experiments. AB - Pollen from birch trees (Betula pendula) was fixed in paraformaldehyde with or without the addition of 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride, dehydrated and embedded in Lowicryl K4M in the cold. Ultrathin sections were incubated using the following sequence of antibodies and antisera: IgE-containing serum from an atopic human individual allergic to birch pollen allergens, rabbit anti-human IgE antibodies, and colloidal gold-labelled goat anti-rabbit antibodies. Controls were performed by replacing the specific human antiserum by serum from an atopic person with a similar level of IgE antibodies directed against allergens other than birch pollen allergens, or by omitting the human antiserum or the anti-IgE antibody or both. In test experiments, there was a dense specific labelling of the exine and the cytoplasmic matrix of the pollen grain. There was moderate labelling of the apertural regions (poral plugs). There was no labelling of the intine. In pollen grains fixed with the addition of cetylpyridinium chloride, an electron-dense surface coat was precipitated on the outside of the pollen wall. This surface material also remained completely unlabelled. PMID- 3486860 TI - Restriction of the in vitro anti-mannan antibody response by HLA-DQ molecules. AB - In humans, the in vitro antibody response directed towards mannan, a polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of Candida albicans, has been previously shown to be dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes and monocytes. Evidence is now given for the existence of a genetic restriction governing this response since antibody production is achieved provided that monocytes and T lymphocytes on one side and monocytes and B lymphocytes on the other side are of the same origin. In order to delineate the restriction element governing these interactions, blocking experiments have been designed using well-defined monoclonal antibody, anti-HLA class II molecules. The results clearly indicate that the restriction element belongs to the HLA-DQ molecular series, as shown in T-cell proliferation and antibody production assays in the presence of either T cells or T-cell supernatants. Incubation of isolated cell populations (T, B lymphocytes and monocytes) with the monoclonal antibody have indicated that DQ determinants are involved in the mannan presentation by monocytes to T and B cells. The HLA-DQ mediated restriction of the in vitro immune response to mannan has been observed in all the subjects tested, suggesting that mannan epitopes are preferentially, or even only, recognized in association with an unique group of HLA-class II molecules, namely HLA-DQ. PMID- 3486861 TI - The effects of purine nucleoside analogs on the response of the RIF-1 tumor to melphalan in vivo. AB - The effect of several purine nucleoside analogs on the cytotoxicity of melphalan (L-PAM) in the RIF-1 tumor in vivo was investigated. All the analogs tested--3' deoxyguanosine (3'-dG), 3'-deoxyadenosine (3'-dA), and N6-butyryl-3' deoxyadenosine (N6-BC)--at a dose of 100 mg/kg, enhanced the tumor cell killing by L-PAM as measured by an in vivo/in vitro procedure. This enhancement was maximal when the drugs were given simultaneously. The mean enhancement ratios (ER's) determined from the L-PAM dose response curves were 1.4 for 3'-dG, 1.3 for 3'-dA, and 1.4 for N6-BC. A similar modification of the L-PAM-induced depression of white blood cell counts was not obtained. A large single dose of L-PAM (8 mg/kg) produced a transient drop in mouse body temperature. The analog 3'-dG (100 mg/kg) increased and prolonged this hypothermic effect. In addition 3'-dG also delayed the clearance of L-PAM from the plasma of C3H mice, such that the half life of the chemotherapeutic agent was extended from 28 minutes to 35 minutes. The enhancement of the efficacy of L-PAM by these analogs probably results from this pharmacokinetic effect. PMID- 3486864 TI - Studies on steroid monooxygenase from Cylindrocarpon radicicola ATCC 11011. Oxygenative lactonization of androstenedione to testololactone. AB - A steroid monooxygenase of Cylindrocarpon radicicola was found to catalyze oxygenative lactonization of 17-ketosteroid, androstenedione, to yield D-homo-17 alpha-oxasteroid, testololactone, i.e., the androstenedione monooxygenase reaction, in addition to catalyzing the progesterone monooxygenase reaction. The reaction product was identified by TLC, GLC, and mass spectrometry. The oxygenation proceeded with unitary stoichiometry for 17-ketosteroid, NADPH, and molecular oxygen, indicating that it is a typical monooxygenase reaction of the external electron donor type. The enzyme catalyzed successively the side chain cleavage reaction of 17 alpha-hydroxy-20-ketosteroid to produce its 17-keto derivative and the lactonization of the product. The effects of pH and of the concentration of substrate steroids on the androstenedione monooxygenase reaction were different from those on the progesterone monooxygenase reaction. Progesterone is a strong and competitive inhibitor of the lactonization of 17 ketosteroids. The steroid monooxygenase is concluded to have the activities of both oxygenative esterification of 20-ketosteroids and oxygenative lactonization of 17-ketosteroids. PMID- 3486863 TI - Studies on steroid monooxygenase from Cylindrocarpon radicicola ATCC 11011. Purification and characterization. AB - A steroid monooxygenase from cells of a fungus, Cylindrocarpon radicicola ATCC 11011, grown in the presence of progesterone has been purified by affinity chromatography on a pregnenolone-Sepharose column. The obtained enzyme was gel electrophoretically homogeneous and exhibited a molecular weight of about 115,000. SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme consisted of two equal sized subunits with a molecular weight of 56,000. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis at 20 degrees C indicated that the enzyme protein behaved as a mixture of monomeric and dimeric subunit species. The enzyme contained one molecule of FAD in each subunit and exhibited absorption maxima at 375 and 440 nm. The monooxygenase catalyzed a Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation, i.e., oxygenative esterification of C21-20-ketosteroid to form an acetate ester of C19-17 beta hydroxysteroid with consumptions of NADPH and molecular oxygen. The enzyme displayed a wide substrate specificity toward C21-20-ketosteroids, while it strictly required NADPH as the external electron donor in a ratio of 1:1:1 for ketosteroid:NADPH:molecular oxygen. Kinetic study showed the enzyme to have very high affinity for progesterone. PMID- 3486862 TI - The activity of BMY 28142 a new broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin. AB - The in-vitro activity of BMY 28142, an iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin containing a methyl pyrrolidinio C-3 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem and tobramycin against various bacteria. BMY 28142 was the most active agent tested against the Enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. The in-vitro activity of BMY 28142 was equal to or superior to cefotaxime against the highly susceptible members of the Enterobacteriaceae and several-fold superior to ceftazidime and aztreonam. BMY 28142 inhibited many Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam. BMY 28142 was more active than imipenem against Proteus, Providencia and Morganella species. Ceftazidime and imipenem were more active than BMY 28142 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but it inhibited piperacillin and tobramycin-resistant isolates. BMY 28142 inhibited beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. BMY 28142 was more active than ceftazidime against streptococcal and staphylococcal species, but it did not inhibit or kill most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMY 28142 did not inhibit most Bacteroides species. BMY 28142 was not hydrolyzed by common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases, but it bound poorly to Enterobacter beta-lactamase, was a poor inhibitor of the TEM plasmid beta-lactamase and was a poor inducer of beta-lactamases. PMID- 3486865 TI - Preparation and characterization of two major isotypes of parvalbumins from skeletal muscle of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Two major isotypes of parvalbumins (PA1 and PA2) have been isolated from the skeletal muscle of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The Mr values were estimated to be 10,100 (PA1) and 11,800 (PA2) by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the isoelectric points were determined to be 4.78 (PA1) and 4.97 (PA2) by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. The amino acid compositions and isoelectric points indicate that PA1 corresponds to Rana esculenta pI 4.50 and Rana temporaria pI 4.75 parvalbumins and PA2 to Rana esculenta pI 4.88 and Rana temporaria pI 4.97 parvalbumins, showing that PA1 is genetically a beta parvalbumin and PA2 an alpha-parvalbumin. However, in terms of the amino acid compositions, PA1 and PA2 are distinctly different from the corresponding parvalbumins of Rana esculenta or Rana temporaria. The ultraviolet spectra of PA1 and PA2 are consistent with their amino acid compositions. An ultraviolet difference spectrum of the Ca2+-loaded form vs. metal-free form indicates that a Tyr and some Phe residues in PA1 are affected by a conformational change associated with the binding of Ca2+. On electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in 14 mM Tris and 90 mM glycine, the Ca2+-loaded form of PA1 migrated twice as fast as the Mg2+-loaded form. Both PA1 and PA2 show increased mobility in the Ca2+ loaded forms, like troponin C but different from calmodulin. PMID- 3486866 TI - Inspection of active sites of human salivary alpha-amylase isozymes by means of non-reducing-end substituted maltooligosaccharides with 2-pyridylamino residue. AB - The modes of action of four alpha-amylase isozymes, which were purified from human saliva, on p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside (G5P), maltohexaitol (G6R), and their 2-pyridylamino derivatives, p-nitrophenyl O-6-deoxy-6-[(2 pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha- D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4) O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-alpha-D glucopyranoside (FG5P) and O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl (1----4)- O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O- alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D- glucitol (FG6R) were examined at various pH values. No differences in their modes of action on the substrates was found. Irrespective of which enzyme was used, the molar ratio of the hydrolysis products of G5P or G6R was almost constant at any pH examined. On the other hand, those of FG5P and FG6R varied with pH such that predominantly O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- (1----4)-O alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucose (FG3) was formed at high pH ranges, while the formation of O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-- -4)- O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-gl ucose (FG4) increased at lower pH. The result indicates that the binding mode of FG5P or FG6R to the active sites of the enzymes changed with pH; namely, interactions between the 2-pyridylamino residue of the substrates and some amino acid residue(s) located in the active sites were influenced by pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3486867 TI - Effects of backbone structures and stereospecificities of lipid A-subunit analogues on their biological activities. AB - Among chemically synthesized analogues corresponding to the nonreducing sugar part of lipid A, we have found an analogue (GLA-27) which exhibits Limulus, mitogenic, polyclonal B cell activation (PBA), interferon-inducing, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducing activities but not pyrogenic activity. The structure of GLA-27 comprises 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine with tetradecanoyl and 3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl (C14-O-(C14] groups as the 3-O- and 2-N-acyl substituents, respectively. Derivatives of GLA-27 with different backbone structures, such as the 1-deoxy, 3-epimeric, 3-amino, and 1-deoxy-3-epimeric derivatives of glucosamine, were chemically synthesized, and their mediator inducing activities such as interferon- and TNF-inducing activities were investigated in comparison with their B cell activation activities including mitogenic and PBA activities. Among these derivatives, a derivative with a 1 deoxyglucosamine backbone (GLA-40) exhibited stronger B cell activation activities than those of GLA-27 while the mediator-inducing activities of GLA-40 were weaker than those of GLA-27. In addition to these derivatives, stereoisomers of GLA-27 which possess the (R) and (S) forms of C14-O-(C14) as the 2-N-acyl substituent were also synthesized and their biological activities compared. The (S) isomer exhibited much stronger mediator-inducing activities than the (R) isomer. On the other hand, B cell activation activities of the (R) isomer were strong and those of the (S) isomer weak. These results clearly demonstrate that mediator-inducing activities and B cell activation activities can be selectively expressed by modifying the structures of lipid A analogues. PMID- 3486868 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in clonal pituitary cells (GH3). Translocation of Ca2+ into mitochondria from a functionally discrete portion of the nonmitochondrial store. AB - Ca2+-specific minielectrodes were used to monitor changes in the ambient free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]a) maintained by the intracellular organelles of permeabilized GH3 cells. Mitochondria maintained a [Ca2+]a steady state of around 500 nM and displayed a very high capacity for Ca2+ uptake. A nonmitochondrial pool, tentatively identified as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), displayed higher affinity for Ca2+ by maintaining a steady state of approximately 170 nM. The capacity of this pool was around 10 nmol/mg cell protein. Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (InsP3) released Ca2+ specifically from the ER, with an EC50 of approximately 2 microM, and gave maximal release of around 4 nmol Ca2+/mg of cell protein. Repeated InsR3 additions under conditions allowing for functional mitochondrial transport resulted in successively attenuated peaks, leading eventually to the depletion of the InsP3 sensitive portion of the ER. However, Ca2+ could still be released from the total ER pool with the ATPase inhibitor, vanadate. This InsP3-insensitive store did not reaccumulate InsP3 releasable Ca2+ nor could it directly refill the sensitive pool. However, the attenuation of the InsP3 responses could be overcome by repleting the sensitive pool with exogenous Ca2+ or by inhibiting Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondria. The results suggest: 1) the ER is the major intracellular organelle buffering Ca2+ in nonstimulated GH3 cells; 2) InsP3 releases Ca2+ from only a portion of the ER; 3) the InsP3 sensitive and -insensitive ER pools are functionally distinct; 4) InsP3 addition results in a transfer of Ca2+ from the ER to the mitochondria. PMID- 3486869 TI - Energy-dependent uptake of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, the neurotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, by mitochondria. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), an impurity in certain batches of illicit heroin substitutes, is known to cause parkinsonian symptoms and degeneration of the nigrostriatal cells in drug abusers and primates. Neurotoxicity depends on oxidation of MPTP by monoamine oxidase in brain cells to the dihydropyridinium form, which is further oxidized to N-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the 4-electron oxidation product. The latter is widely believed to be the compound responsible for neuronal destruction and the NADH dehydrogenase of the inner membrane has been postulated to be its target. This enzyme is inhibited, however, only at very high concentrations of MPP+, while the steady-state concentration of MPP+ in the nigrostriatal cells of MPTP-treated animals is several orders of magnitude lower. This paradox has now been resolved by the discovery of an energized uptake system for MPP+ in mitochondria which rapidly concentrates MPP+ to very high concentrations in the mitochondria at micromolar external concentrations. The process is dependent on the electrical gradient of the membrane, has a Km of about 5 mM, and is completely blocked by respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers. PMID- 3486870 TI - Possible role of protein phosphorylation in the mitogenic effect of high density lipoproteins on cultured vascular endothelial cells. AB - The implication of protein phosphorylation in the mitogenic action of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on bovine vascular endothelial cells was investigated by incubating endothelial cell cultures in the presence of 32P-labeled phosphoric acid. The incorporation of 32P into proteins was measured after fractionation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and autoradiography of the gel. In endothelial cells seeded at low density and made quiescent by serum starvation, HDL markedly and consistently enhanced the degree of phosphorylation of a Mr 27,000 protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Using 500 micrograms/ml HDL, 32P labeling of the 27-kDa protein was already measurable after 10 min of incubation and reached a maximum at 20-30 min. Minimal effective dose of HDL during a 30-min incubation period was in the range of 5-10 micrograms/ml. While the apolipoprotein moiety of HDL was able to mimic the effect of total HDL, the lipid part of HDL was not. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor appeared to potentiate the effect of HDL on 27-kDa protein phosphorylation, in agreement with the synergism observed between fibroblast growth factor and HDL on endothelial cell proliferation. Two activators of protein kinase C, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and 1-oleoyl-2 acetylglycerol also induced the phosphorylation of the 27-kDa protein. These results suggest that the 27-kDa protein may be a physiological substrate for protein kinase C and that HDL could exert their mitogenic effect on endothelial cells through activation of protein kinase C and subsequent protein phosphorylation. PMID- 3486871 TI - Suppression of terminal axonal sprouting at the neuromuscular junction by monoclonal antibodies against a muscle-derived antigen of 56,000 daltons. AB - After the partial denervation or paralysis of a muscle, the remaining motor axon terminals may sprout fine, neuritic processes (terminal sprouts) which escape the endplate region of the neuromuscular junction. We previously identified a muscle derived, protein antigen of 56,000 daltons (56 kD) which plays a necessary role in terminal sprouting. A panel of monoclonal antibodies have been produced against the 56-kD antigen, some of which also partially suppress motor axon terminal sprouting. These monoclonal antibodies define at least two different epitopes upon the surface of the antigen, one of which is necessary for it to effect its biological role in vivo. PMID- 3486873 TI - Sequential assessment of regional cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral blood volume, and blood-brain barrier in focal cerebral ischemia: a case report. AB - Regional CBF (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were evaluated by N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2)-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-[123I]iodobenzyl-1, 3-propanediamine-2 HCl- and 99mTC-labeled red blood cells, respectively, and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in a patient with focal cerebral ischemia. Sequential transmission computerized tomography (TCT) and SPECT functional data were compared with clinical findings to monitor the pathophysiological events occurring in stroke. A lack of correlation between rCBF-rCBV distributions and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was found in the acute phase. In the face of more prolonged alteration of BBB, as seen by TCT enhancement, a rapid evolution of transient phenomena such as luxury perfusion was shown by SPECT studies. Follow-up of the patient demonstrated a correlation between the neurological recovery and a parallel relative improvement of the cerebral perfusion. PMID- 3486872 TI - Effect of phenytoin on human cerebral glucose metabolism. AB - We used serial positron emission tomography scans with [18F]2-deoxyglucose to study the effect of phenytoin on human cerebral glucose metabolism in 10 patients with seizure disorders. Local CMRglu for each patient was measured in 10 regions of interest. EEGs were performed during each procedure to match scans for state of consciousness and exclude data from scans with ictal activity. Serial scans without a drug change were performed in six control patients. Metabolic rates were significantly lower in two cortical regions while patients were taking phenytoin. No significant changes on repeat scan were seen in the control population. Measured across all regions of interest, metabolic rates were 13% higher when patients were off phenytoin (p less than 0.02). PMID- 3486874 TI - Determination of 5-fluorouridine diphosphate glucose as a metabolite of 5 fluorouracil in mouse T-lymphoma (S-49) cells using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3486875 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of meglumine diatrizoate in human plasma and urine. PMID- 3486876 TI - Studies of molecular species of the human androgen receptor (AR): comparison of the physicochemical properties of the [3H]methyltrienolone-AR complex formed in cytosol to the complex produced in intact genital skin fibroblasts. AB - Two forms of the human genital skin fibroblast (GSF) androgen receptor (AR) complexed with [3H]17 alpha-methyltrienolone were compared: 1) the intact complex formed in cytosol at 4 C (broken cell or B/C complex); and 2) the complex formed in the whole cell at 37 C (W/C complex). The intact form of the B/C complex was distinguished from partly degraded forms by the gel filtration profile in 0.5 M KCl. The W/C complex was considered to represent the transformed state of the receptor. The W/C complex had a smaller molecular radius than the B/C complex by gel filtration (Kav = 0.26-0.28 vs. 0.11-0.18). By low salt density gradient centrifugation, the B/C complex sedimented at 8.8S and the W/C complex at 6.6S. However, in 0.5 M KCl, each sedimented at 5.1S, and they were homogeneous, indicating that the monomeric forms differed markedly in molecular radius, but by only about 20,000 daltons in calculated mol wt (134,500 vs. 114,300 daltons). The complexes were separated from DNA, desalted, and compared by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxylapatite (HAP). The B/C complex bound readily to both column matrices and eluted from each as a sharp homogeneous peak: from DEAE at 172-190 mM KCl and from HAP at 123 mM phosphate. The W/C complex, however, was heterogeneous. One component did not bind to DEAE, and one eluted at 22-40 mM KCl. The W/C complex eluted from HAP as a peak at 42 mM, with a shoulder at 102 mM phosphate. Thus, transformation of the human genital skin fibroblast androgen receptor involves a major decrease in molecular radius and loss of negative charge with a possible loss of a 20,000-dalton macromolecular component. PMID- 3486877 TI - Absence of effect of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Nineteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were treated with 25 micrograms 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or placebo daily for 3 months according to double-blind cross-over protocol. Serum immunoreactive PTH, total and ionized calcium, urinary calcium excretion, tubular reabsorption of phosphate/glomerular filtrate, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion did not change significantly. Serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels increased significantly from 1.4 +/- 2.2 (SD) nmol/liter to 38 +/- 11 nmol/liter during the treatment period. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels did not change. We conclude that pharmacological doses of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have no suppressive effect on parathyroid function in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3486878 TI - Antiinsulin receptor antibodies in an insulin-dependent diabetic may arise as autoantiidiotypes. AB - An insulin-requiring diabetic patient with intermittent periods of increased insulin requirements and insulin resistance was studied. The patient was found to have high titers of antiinsulin antibodies; subfractionation of the patient's serum revealed several populations of antiinsulin antibodies with differing affinities and titers for insulin. The ability of one of the insulin antibody fractions to bind [125I]iodoinsulin was markedly inhibited by the patient's serum (insulin depleted) and by purified total immunoglobulin G from which antiinsulin antibodies and insulin were removed. These findings suggested an antiidiotypic antibody in the patient's immunoglobulin G fraction reacting specifically with the antiinsulin antibody subfraction. Finally, the patient's serum contained an antiinsulin receptor antibody, as demonstrated by the ability of serum to specifically immunoprecipitate covalently labeled soluble insulin receptors. In conclusion, these results suggest that this patient generated a widespread polyclonal response to insulin, with the development of several populations of antiinsulin antibodies. An antiidiotypic antibody to a specific insulin antibody subfraction was present in the patient's serum which we believe had structural similarity to the binding site of the insulin molecule, accounting for the reactivity of the antiidiotypic antibody with the insulin receptor. PMID- 3486879 TI - Defective T-cell differentiation in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - A decline in T-cell lymphocyte number is the central characteristic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The reason for the loss of these cells is not well understood. We investigated the hypothesis that defects in T-cell differentiation contributed to T-cell loss using an in vitro colony assay that measures T-cell precursor (CFU-T) frequency. The results indicate a substantial generalized decrease in CFU-T in people with AIDS (P less than 0.01), most of whom have Kaposi's sarcoma, and an occasionally severe decrease in CFU-T in people with ARC. Some of the cells from low colony formers suppressed colony formation by control cells. In addition, plasma from people with AIDS was less supportive of colony growth than control plasma. Decreased Ia expression on adherent mononuclear cells did not correlate with colony formation. A defect in T cell repopulation can help explain the loss of T cells associated with AIDS. PMID- 3486880 TI - [Study of the monoclonal antibody rosetting technic for the enumeration of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and the characterization of leukemia and lymphoma cells]. PMID- 3486881 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis lung infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Brush biopsies and lung lavages were obtained from 263 individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who collectively had 658 hospitalizations for pneumonia. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated during three (0.5%) of the episodes, indicating that it was not an important respiratory tract pathogen in this population. PMID- 3486883 TI - Influence of technical factor variations on serum inhibition and bactericidal titers. AB - The influence of technical factor variations on serum bactericidal and serum inhibitory titers was studied by using Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates versus oxacillin-spiked human serum. Parallel tests, both with and without the use of beta-lactamase in count plates to inactivate oxacillin carryover, were performed with a conventional macrodilution approach, a carefully controlled macrodilution procedure, and a standard microdilution method. Careful control of technical factor variations diminished the incidence of low serum bactericidal titers and decreased the dispersion of results, a finding corollary to the known influence of technical factor variations on the measurement of MBCs. The incorporation of beta-lactamase into count plates resulted in a shift of serum bactericidal titers to lower values. The microdilution method appeared to be least influenced by technical variations and, with the addition of beta-lactamase to count plates, provided the best results. PMID- 3486882 TI - Penicillin resistance in the subgingival microbiota associated with adult periodontitis. AB - In this investigation, the penicillin-resistant and beta-lactamase-producing subgingival microbiota associated with adult periodontitis was identified, and the impact of a recent exposure to penicillin on the recovery of resistant organisms from this microbiota was assessed. Subjects with adult periodontitis were examined clinically and microbiologically. Twenty-one subjects had a documented history of penicillin therapy within the previous 6 months whereas an additional 21 subjects had no history of antibiotic use within 1 year. Subgingival plaque samples were cultured anaerobically on nonselective and penicillin-containing elective media. MICs and beta-lactamase production were determined for the isolates from the elective medium. The penicillin-resistant microbiota consisted primarily of gram-negative organisms, including Bacteroides, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Eikenella, and Capnocytophaga species. The prevalence (P less than 0.05) and proportions (P less than 0.005) of both penicillin resistant pigmented Bacteroides and Veillonella species were significantly greater in subjects with recent penicillin exposure. Of the penicillin-resistant genera identified, beta-lactamase production was detected in species of pigmented Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga, and Streptococcus. The prevalence of beta-lactamase producing Bacteroides species was significantly greater in subjects with recent penicillin exposure (P less than 0.05). Of the antibiotics examined, no single agent was uniformly effective against all of the penicillin-resistant strains, but metronidazole and clindamycin were active against all of the penicillin resistant pigmented Bacteroides strains. PMID- 3486884 TI - The production of prostaglandin and the regulation of cell division in neonate rat primary mixed glial cultures. AB - The production of prostaglandins has been studied in neonate rat primary mixed glial cultures. A correlation was found between inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation in the cultures and production of prostaglandin, which was stimulated by the addition of supernatant from Con A-activated rat splenocytes. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the cultures by indomethacin results in a striking increase in incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the cultures, an effect which was reversed by the addition of exogenous PGE2, but not PGF2 alpha. PGE was the principal prostaglandin detected, with both macrophages/microglia and astrocytes contributing to the output. A possible role for prostaglandins in the modulation of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system is discussed. PMID- 3486885 TI - Multiple immunoreactive forms of osteocalcin in uremic serum. AB - Circulating osteocalcin, which normally reflects the rate of bone formation, is elevated in uremia. In 18 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis, serum osteocalcin levels were directly related to the bone formation rate (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001), osteoblastic osteoid surface density (r = 0.65, P less than 0.01), and osteoclastic resorptive surface density (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that osteocalcin levels remained positively correlated with osteoclastic resorption when the bone formation rate was held constant (P less than 0.01). The intimation that the coupling of bone formation and resorption could not explain the relationship between osteocalcin and resorption led us to determine whether fragments of this abundant matrix protein are released by bone resorption and retained in uremia. Sera from dialysis patients with renal osteodystrophy were fractionated by sequential gel filtration and HPLC, and assayed for immunoreactive osteocalcin. When normal serum was analyzed, a single sharp peak was found. In pooled sera from patients with high osteoclastic resorptive surfaces identified by histomorphometry, we found five additional immunoreactive peaks, while three additional peaks were detected in sera from patients with lower osteoclastic surfaces. Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography showed that these multiple peaks were of lower molecular weight than intact osteocalcin. We suggest that the liberation of bone matrix by osteoclasts contributes to the circulating osteocalcin immunoreactivity in uremia. PMID- 3486886 TI - Interleukin 1 stimulates fibroblasts to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity and prostaglandin E2. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) can be produced by a variety of normal cell types including mononuclear phagocytes, activated T lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Recent evidence shows that a major role of the monocyte-macrophage is the recruitment of environmental cells, i.e., fibroblasts, to produce GM-CSA. In this study we have identified interleukin 1 (IL-1) as a monokine that stimulates fibroblasts to produce and release GM-CSA and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both purified human monocyte-derived IL-1 and human recombinant IL-1 (10(-10) M) can be substituted for monocyte conditioned medium in stimulating fibroblast GM-CSA and PGE2 production. Both forms of IL-1 stimulate fibroblasts to produce GM-CSA and PGE2 in a dose dependent fashion. The fibroblast-stimulating activity found in monocyte conditioned medium was completely blocked by anti-IL-1. We conclude that monocytes produce IL-1, and that monocyte-derived IL-1 induces fibroblasts to produce GM-CSA and PGE2. PMID- 3486888 TI - Spontaneous release of interleukin 2 by lung T lymphocytes in active pulmonary sarcoidosis is primarily from the Leu3+DR+ T cell subset. AB - The inflammation within the lower respiratory tract of individuals with pulmonary sarcoidosis is dominated by large numbers of helper T lymphocytes that proliferate and spontaneously release interleukin 2 (IL-2). To identify the lymphocyte subpopulation that releases IL-2 in this disorder, lung lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage were characterized using the monoclonal antibodies Leu4 (T lymphocyte), Leu3 (helper/inducer), Leu2 (suppressor/cytotoxic), and anti-HLA-DR, and separated by panning and flow cytometry. The majority of the IL-2 spontaneously released by T cells in the sarcoid lung was contributed by the Leu3+ cell population (Leu3+65 +/- 23 IL-2 units released/10(6) cells per 24 h; Leu2+ 9 +/- 8, P less than 0.04). Further characterization of the lung Leu3+ T cells in sarcoid demonstrated that 30 +/- 3% were expressing HLA-DR molecules on their surface compared with 6 +/- 1% in normals (P less than 0.01). Importantly, the subpopulation of Leu3+ lung T lymphocytes expressing a high intensity of HLA-DR molecules on their surface was responsible for the majority of the release of IL-2 in the sarcoid lung (Leu3+ high-intensity DR 42 +/- 17 U/10(6) cells per 24 h, Leu3+ low-intensity DR 8 +/- 1 U/10(6) cells per 24 h; P less than 0.01). Thus, the spontaneous release of IL 2 in the lung of sarcoid patients appears to be localized to a subset of Leu3+ high-intensity DR ("activated" lung helper/inducer) T lymphocytes. Because the sarcoid lung is characterized by markedly increased numbers of these cells, it is likely that this compartmentalized T cell population plays a major role in sustaining the exaggerated localized immune processes of this disorder. PMID- 3486890 TI - An explanation for minor multimer species in endothelial cell-synthesized von Willebrand factor. AB - Initial synthesis of von Willebrand factor (vWf) by cultured human endothelial cells proceeds by formation of a dimer of pro-vWf subunits. These subunits are found only within the cell and have an apparent molecular weight of 240,000 260,000, as measured by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Posttranslational modifications, including proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation, and sulfation, result in the appearance of two additional vWf subunits. The major one migrates with the subunit of plasma vWf at an apparent molecular weight of 220,000-225,000 and the other migrates more slowly than pro vWf at an apparent molecular weight of 260,000-275,000. These subunits oligomerize to form a set of vWf multimers, which are subsequently secreted into the culture medium. We isolated individual vWf oligomer species from the agarose gel bands and show that vWf minor, or satellite, species differ from major species in subunit composition. PMID- 3486889 TI - Association of class II human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens with rheumatic fever. AB - The association of class I and II HLA antigens with rheumatic fever and its manifestations was examined in 72 patients, including 48 blacks and 24 Caucasians. No significant association was found between class I antigens and rheumatic fever. In contrast, HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR4 phenotypes were encountered in a significantly higher frequency in black and Caucasian patients with rheumatic fever, respectively, compared with the control populations (P less than 0.005). The most significant association (P less than 0.005) of these DR antigens with a major manifestation of rheumatic fever was found for mitral insufficiency. In addition, a significant association was encountered between persistent elevation of antibody to the group A streptococcal carbohydrate and HLA-DR4 in Caucasian patients (P less than 0.04) or HLA-DR2 in the black patients (P less than 0.001). The frequency of HLA-DR2/4 heterozygotes among patients with rheumatic fever did not differ significantly from controls. These findings support the concept of a genetically determined susceptibility to rheumatic fever and, particularly, to rheumatic heart disease. The association of the clinical manifestations of rheumatic fever and the immune hyperresponsiveness to a streptococcal antigen could be ascribed to a disease-associated immune-response gene which is in linkage disequilibrium with the DR2 and DR4 alleles of HLA-DR locus on chromosome six. PMID- 3486891 TI - Cell populations associated with interdental gingival bleeding. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the cell populations of the mid interproximal gingival tissue related to the presence or absence of bleeding. 15 bleeding and 15 non-bleeding interproximal gingival biopsies were obtained from 30 patients and processed for light microscopic evaluation. Morphometric analysis of tissue components revealed that bleeding was associated with an inflammatory lesion located in the mid-interproximal connective tissue. The inflammatory infiltrate was dominated by mononuclear cells of the lymphocyte/macrophage/monocyte group, and the proportions of plasma cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were relatively small. The results of this study indicated that interproximal bleeding can be associated with an inflammatory infiltrate not dominated by plasma cells. The role of gingival bleeding in the diagnosis of periodontal disease activity is discussed. PMID- 3486887 TI - Expression of the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene in mononuclear phagocytes of normal and alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient individuals. AB - To evaluate the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes, and particularly alveolar macrophages, to alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) production in normal and alpha 1AT-deficient individuals, Northern analysis with a human alpha 1AT complementary DNA was used to demonstrate that alpha 1AT messenger RNA (mRNA) can be detected in liver, blood monocytes, and alveolar macrophages. Quantification of alpha 1AT mRNA expression demonstrated that: (a) type PiMM monocytes and alveolar macrophages expressed, respectively, 200-fold and 70-fold less alpha 1AT mRNA per cell than the liver; (b) the level of expression of the alpha 1AT gene was increased during the in vitro maturation of blood monocytes; and (c) blood monocyte and alveolar macrophage levels of expression of the alpha 1AT gene were the same in PiMM and PiZZ individuals. However, the amount of newly synthesized alpha 1AT secreted by ZZ alveolar macrophages was 10 times lower than that secreted by MM alveolar macrophages. Thus, mononuclear phagocytes of PiZZ individuals express a secretory defect in alpha 1AT in a fashion similar to hepatocytes. Not only do mononuclear phagocytes provide a readily accessible cell to evaluate the regulation of alpha 1AT gene expression, but these cells may contribute to the levels of alpha 1AT present in the lower respiratory tract in the normal and ZZ states. PMID- 3486892 TI - Regeneration of motoneuron axons into the adult frog spinal cord after ventral-to dorsal-root anastomosis. AB - Motoneuron axons routed into the adult frog spinal cord via a ventral-to-dorsal root anastomosis regenerated into the white and the gray matters. The distribution, growth patterns, and arborizations of regenerated ventral root axons were compared to those of regenerated dorsal root axons within the same environment. Within the spinal white matter, regenerating ventral root axons behaved very similarly to regenerating dorsal root axons. Here, the regenerating ventral root axons grew longitudinally beneath the pia and radially toward the spinal gray matter, particularly within the dorsolateral fasciculus. The location of the regenerating axons and the patterns of their growth within the white matter suggest that glial endfeet and radial glial processes play a major role in the determination of these axonal growth patterns. When motor axons entered the gray matter, their arborizations were very similar to those of regenerated dorsal root axons, suggesting that these two very distinct populations of axons respond similarly to local cues within the spinal gray matter. One difference between the arborizations of these two populations of axons was the relative number of varicosities along axonal branches. Regenerated motoneuronal arborizations within the spinal gray matter had fewer en passant varicosities than regenerated dorsal root axonal arborizations. This difference may reflect the synaptogenetic response of the two types of axons to targets within the gray matter. The low number of en passant varicosities associated with the ventral root axonal aborizations suggests that these axons do not synapse with all available targets and that the rules governing synaptic specificity during development may apply during regeneration in the adult frog spinal cord. PMID- 3486893 TI - Combined fluoride, school-based program in a fluoride-deficient area: results of an 11-year study. AB - In 1972, a school-based fluoride program was initiated in elementary schools in Nelson County, VA, a fluoride-deficient area. For 11 years, participating children ingested daily in school a 1-mgm fluoride tablet and rinsed weekly with a .2% sodium fluoride solution. They also received fluoride dentifrice and toothbrushes for home use. The program was extended into junior high school in 1978 and into high school in 1980. In 1983, dental examinations of children aged 6 to 17 years, who had continuously participated in the program for 1 to 11 years depending on school grade, showed a mean prevalence of 3.12 DMFS, which was 65% lower than the corresponding score of 9.02 DMFS for children of the same ages at the baseline examinations. The preventive program inhibited decay in all types of surfaces: 54% in occlusal surfaces; 59% in buccolingual surfaces; and 90% in mesiodistal surfaces. PMID- 3486894 TI - Recurrent corneal erosions. AB - Sharp pain, profuse tearing, and photophobia, usually upon awakening, are the hallmark symptoms of recurrent corneal erosions (RCE). The underlying histopathology of RCE is an abnormal basement membrane with loss of adherence of the overlying epithelium. RCE is associated with trauma, corneal dystrophies, and other miscellaneous conditions. Treatment includes patching, hypertonic preparations, epithelial debridement, and use of a bandage soft contact lens when necessary. PMID- 3486895 TI - Post-traumatic heel deformity. AB - The authors describe an apophyseal injury of the calcaneus in a child that resulted in a compound deformity consisting of three separate exostoses. These deformities were corrected by resection of the plantar exostosis and a closing wedge osteotomy of the body of the calcaneus. PMID- 3486897 TI - Escalation of marijuana use: application of a general theory of deviant behavior. PMID- 3486896 TI - Spontaneous sexual development and menarche in a female with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Case report of a 46-year-old female with clinical and laboratory findings typical for 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency who had spontaneous menarche and thereafter regular menses until the age of 28, when menstruation stopped after right and left ovariectomy at the age of 27 and 28 yr, respectively. Common and electron microscopy study of one (left) excised adrenal showed no recognizable histological zones, nodular hyperplasia of the cells found normally in the zona fasciculata and complete absence of the cells of the zona glomerulosa. Treatment of hypertension with spironolactone (for 20 days) and aminoglutethimide (for 15 days) was ineffective, while glucocorticosteroid treatment was highly successful. PMID- 3486898 TI - Abnormal distribution of T cell subsets in athymic mice. PMID- 3486899 TI - Cyclosporine inhibits macrophage-mediated antigen presentation. AB - The influence of cyclosporine on antigen-specific, macrophage-dependent T cell activation was analyzed in vitro. Murine T cell activation by antigens derived from Listeria monocytogenes was monitored by the production of interleukin 2. Pretreatment (2 hr, 37 degrees C) of macrophages with cyclosporine resulted in a cell population with a markedly diminished capacity to support the activation of T lymphocytes. When cyclosporine-pretreated macrophages were added to cultures of untreated T cells and antigen, the dose of cyclosporine that produced 50% inhibition (ID50) was 1.5 micrograms/ml, and if antigen was present during the drug pretreatment, the ID50 was 0.6 micrograms/ml. Pretreatment of T cells also inhibited their subsequent activation by antigen and untreated macrophages, but a higher dose of cyclosporine was required to produce similar inhibition (ID50 = 4.4 micrograms/ml). Additional experiments focused on the mechanism of inhibition of antigen presentation when macrophages were pretreated with the drug. The addition of interleukin 1 or indomethacin to the cultures did not alter the inhibitory effect of cyclosporine. Under conditions that produced greater than 90% inhibition of antigen presentation, macrophage surface Ia expression was not altered, and the uptake and catabolism of radiolabeled antigen remained normal. Thus, cyclosporine had profound effects on antigen presentation that appear to be unrelated to decreases in interleukin 1 production, increases in prostaglandin production, decreases in Ia expression, or changes in antigen uptake and catabolism. PMID- 3486900 TI - Accessory cell competence of ovine oligodendrocytes in mitogenic activation of human peripheral T cells. AB - The multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque is characterized by mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination, loss of oligodendrocytes (OGC), and proliferation of astrocytes. Although antigen-specific, Ia-dependent cellular immune mechanisms have been sought in plaque pathogenesis, Ia-independent T cell activation has not been actively investigated. We examined a potential role of OGC in accessory cell-dependent T cell mitogenesis with the anti-T3 monoclonal antibody OKT3. OGC isolated from ovine white matter on sucrose density gradients were uniformly negative for esterase activity, unlike ovine monocytes. Purified human T cells did not exhibit significant proliferation in 3-day cultures with OKT3, autologous peripheral blood adherent cells (PBAC), or ovine OGC. When T cells were cultured with either PABC or OGC in the presence of OKT3, brisk mitogenesis was observed. Thus, OGC have the capacity to function as accessory cells in the mitogen-induced proliferation of T cells. PMID- 3486901 TI - LPS-activated CBA/N mouse B cells respond to anti-Ig and a BSF-1-like factor. AB - Highly purified small splenic CBA/N B cells show little or no proliferative response to LPS, soluble anti-Ig, LPS plus anti-Ig, or anti-Ig plus the B cell stimulatory factor BSF-1. An excellent proliferative response is obtained, however, if CBA/N B cells are cultured concurrently with LPS, anti-Ig, and a supernatant rich in T cell-derived lymphokines. The pertinent T cell-derived CBA/N B cell co-stimulating factor has the same m.w., isoelectric point range, and hydrophobicity as BSF-1, and co-migrates with BSF-1 throughout a two-step biochemical scheme developed for BSF-1 purification. These data therefore suggest that CBA/N B cells respond to a BSF-1-like lymphokine under appropriate activation conditions. In support of this conclusion, separate experiments demonstrated that unstimulated small CBA/N B cells respond to HPLC-purified BSF-1 by increased expression of membrane-bound class II major histocompatibility antigens. Taken together, these findings indicate that small CBA/N B cells express the receptor for a factor resembling BSF-1, and acquire the capacity to proliferate in response to anti-Ig and this BSF-1-like factor when co-stimulated with LPS. PMID- 3486902 TI - B cell stimulatory factor-1 enhances the IgE response of lipopolysaccharide activated B cells. AB - Supernatants from some mouse helper T cell (TH) lines contain an activity that can enhance IgE production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cells by at least two orders of magnitude. During purification, this activity could not be resolved from B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1). Highly purified BSF-1 from a different source, the T lymphoma cell line EL-4, enhanced IgE production to the same extent as TH supernatants, which suggests that BSF-1 is responsible for this increase in IgE production. Monoclonal antibody to BSF-1 totally inhibits the IgE enhancing activity of a TH supernatant, lending further support to this conclusion. The effects of BSF-1 on LPS-stimulated B cells are specific for IgE and, as previously reported, IgG1 and IgG3, because the levels of IgM, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgA in the cultures change relatively little when BSF-1 is added. PMID- 3486903 TI - An endothelial cell surface factor(s) induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases neutrophil adherence by a CDw18-dependent mechanism. AB - We examined the role of the neutrophil membrane antigen complex designated CDw18 (LFA-1/Mac-1/p150, 95) in human peripheral blood neutrophil adherence to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HEC) pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 1 (IL 1), or recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF alpha). Pretreatment of HEC with LPS produced a dose-and time-dependent increase in subsequent neutrophil adherence (7 +/- 1% adherence to untreated HEC vs 38 +/- 3% adherence to HEC pretreated for 4 hr with LPS 150 ng/ml; mean +/- SE of 22 experiments: p less than 0.001). This effect was observed in primary and passaged HEC, but not in bovine aortic endothelial cells or human dermal fibroblasts. The LPS-induced activity appeared to be associated with the HEC surface, since it was not removed by washing and was not detected in the supernatant medium. Inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis during pretreatment of HEC with LPS prevented induction of the adherence-promoting activity. Pretreatment of HEC with IL 1 and rTNF-alpha produced a similar protein synthesis-dependent increase in neutrophil adherence to HEC. Coincubation of neutrophils with murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 60.3, an antibody directed to the CDw18 complex, produced a 70 +/- 4% inhibition of neutrophil adherence to LPS-pretreated HEC, 59 +/- 5% inhibition of adherence to IL 1-pretreated HEC, and 65 +/- 11% inhibition of adherence to rTNF alpha-pretreated HEC (means +/- SE of 18, seven, and five experiments, respectively). Notably, MoAb 60.3 did not completely inhibit neutrophil adherence to pretreated HEC, although it completely inhibited adherence to untreated HEC when neutrophils were activated directly with phorbol ester. Similarly, the adherence of neutrophils from a patient with an inherited deficiency of the CDw18 complex to LPS-, IL 1-, and rTNF-alpha-pretreated HEC was markedly reduced compared with normal neutrophils (5 to 11% adherence with CDw18-deficient neutrophils vs 43 to 54% adherence with normal neutrophils), but adherence to pretreated HEC was still significantly greater than adherence to HEC that were not pretreated (2% adherence). We conclude that LPS, IL 1, and rTNF-alpha induce synthesis of an endothelial cell-surface factor(s) that promotes neutrophil adherence primarily by a mechanism involving the CDw18 complex. It thus appears that the CDw18 complex is important for augmented neutrophil adherence to endothelium in vitro whether the is stimulated directly by inflammatory mediators or indirectly by endothelial-dependent mechanisms. PMID- 3486904 TI - Quantitative aspects of lupus anti-DNA autoantibody specificity. AB - In this study we have attempted to define the cross-reactive potential of SLE anti-DNA antibodies (in 19 representative sera and plasmas) in both the solution phase and the solid phase. We used the Farr and RBC-CF solution phase assays to measure quantitatively the ability of a variety of negatively charged structurally unrelated molecules to inhibit antibody binding to both native DNA (nDNA) and denatured DNA (dDNA). The inhibitors used were of two types: 1) phospholipids (cardiolipin, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidic acid) and 2) repeating negatively charged molecules (poly-glutamic acid, heparin sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate). We found in both assays that the phospholipids could inhibit antibody binding to nDNA and dDNA, but a large excess (about 1500-fold) of these molecules was needed relative to DNA to achieve equivalent levels of inhibition. The repeating negatively charged molecules did not inhibit DNA binding at equivalent molar levels as the phospholipids; generally, at least a 10,000-fold excess was needed relative to the nucleic acids to achieve any appreciable inhibition. Results of a dDNA binding-inhibition solid-phase ELISA for cross-reactivity of the anti-DNA antibodies gave quite similar results. Finally, we found that eight of the SLE samples did have anti-cardiolipin antibodies, as demonstrated in a cardiolipin-based ELISA. These results suggest that previous reports describing an apparent cross-reactivity of anti-DNA antibodies may not represent physiologically relevant interactions between anti DNA antibodies and non-nucleic acid antigens. PMID- 3486905 TI - Comparison of the N-linked glycopeptides of DQw1 and DR1 molecules. AB - HLA class II molecules have been isolated from a [3H]mannose-labeled GM3104 B lymphoblastoid cell line with the phenotype DQw1, DR1. The DQw1 molecules were purified by affinity to 77-34 IgG specifically reactive with the DQw1 specificity. The DR1 molecules were separated into two subsets, DR1a (70 to 80%) and DR1b (20 to 30%), by sequential affinity to 21r5-IgG and 21w4-IgG Sepharose. The alpha- and beta-chains of [3H]mannose-labeled DQw1, DR1a, and DR1b molecules were separated by SDS-PAGE and were recovered by electrophoretic elution. The isolated chains were digested with pronase and the glycopeptides were fractionated by sequential lectin chromatography on immobilized concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris (Lens), and Ricinus communis agglutinin type I (RCA). The N-linked glycopeptides derived from the alpha-chains of DQw1, DR1a, or DR1b showed similar profiles on Con A Sepharose: 45% unbound (ConA I), 25% weakly bound (ConA II), and 30% tightly bound (ConA III). The glycopeptides derived from the beta-chains of DQw1 or DR1 molecules were found almost exclusively (80%) in the fraction unbound to Con A Sepharose, with only 11% and 9% in ConA II and ConA III fractions, respectively. The observation that most of the binding to Con A is associated with the alpha-chain glycopeptides suggests that binding of membrane associated class II molecules to that lectin must be mediated by the alpha chains. Binding to Lens Sepharose was higher for beta-(50%) than for alpha-(15%) chain glycopeptides, suggesting that within the intact glycoproteins, the beta chains are responsible for the interaction with Lens. The ConA I fractions derived from the alpha-chain glycopeptides of either DQw1 or DR1 molecules were separated on RCA-agarose as follows: 60% unbound, 17% retarded, and 20% bound and eluted with 0.1 M galactose. The ConA I fractions derived from the beta-chain glycopeptides of either subset of class II molecules also had a similar profile on RCA-agarose: 70% unbound, 16% retarded, and 10% bound and eluted specifically. After removal of sialic acid residues, all of the ConA I fractions of alpha- and beta-chains bound to RCA-agarose. A high degree of similarity was observed between the corresponding glycopeptides of the three subsets of class II molecules and between the complex N-linked structures of alpha- and beta-chains. Minor variations were observed between DR1a and DR1b glycopeptides which appear greater than those observed between DR1 and DQw1 glycopeptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3486906 TI - Structural analysis of the oligosaccharides of DR1 and DQw1 molecules. AB - The major glycopeptide fractions of the alpha- and beta-chains of HLA-DR1 and DQw1 molecules were isolated on columns of immobilized concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris (Lens), Ricinus communis agglutinin Type I (RCA), and leuko phytohemagglutinin. Oligosaccharides were prepared from these fractions by enzymatic digestion with Endoglycosidases H or F and were analyzed on Bio-Gel P 6. The glycopeptides tightly bound to Con A (ConA III) were mostly associated with alpha-chains and were resolved as a single oligosaccharide peak (Kd = 0.72) on Bio-Gel P-6 after Endo H digestion. Man-5 is the minimal polymannosyl structure which can be deduced for the ConA III fractions of either DQw1 or DR1 oligosaccharides. The major component of the glycopeptides of the alpha-chains of either DR1 or DQw1 molecules which were weakly bound to Con A (ConA II fraction) did not interact with RCA before or after mild acid hydrolysis or neuraminidase treatment. This component represents a biantennary complex with neither terminal galactose nor sialic acid residues with a minimal structure terminating in N acetyl glucosamine on the Mannose alpha 1----6 arm, referred to as GnM. The ConA II fractions, which constitute 10% of the total glycopeptides of beta-chains, are associated primarily with fucosylated, sialylated biantennary oligosaccharides not seen on the alpha-chains. The ConA I unbound fractions of either alpha- or beta-chains were mostly bound to RCA after mild acid hydrolysis, suggesting that the minimal structure was a sialylated triantennary structure. The major component associated with the beta-chains was bound to Lens such that a more definite structural assignment can be made, i.e., a triantennary structure with the Mannose on the alpha 1----6 arm substituted at C-2 and C-6. The oligosaccharides of alpha- and beta-chains were resolved as broad peaks on Bio Gel P-6, suggesting that a mixture of tri- and tetraantennary structures with variable degrees of sialylation and galactosylation were present. The structural differences reported here between oligosaccharides of alpha- and beta-chains of DQw1 and of the two subsets of DR1 molecules could be responsible in part for the differential recognition properties expected of human class II molecules encoded by distinct loci. PMID- 3486907 TI - Characterization of C1q receptor expression on human phagocytic cells: effects of PDBu and fMLP. AB - The receptor-mediated binding of C1q to human phagocytic cells was investigated in this study. By using a C1q binding assay, we determined that purified, elutriated monocytes expressed an average of 4.6 X 10(5) C1q receptors (C1qR) per cell, with an equilibrium binding constant (Keq) of 0.91 X 10(7) (M-1). When analyzed in an identical manner, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) expressed an average of 4.2 X 10(5) C1qR per cell, with a Keq for C1q of 1 X 10(7) (M-1). Fluorescent flow cytometric analysis showed that C1q was bound by 98% of the monocytes studied. Further, the pattern formed by these cells was consistent with a normal log distribution, indicating that this was a homogeneous population of cells. When PMN were assayed with flow cytometry, however, we found that C1q was bound by an average of only 45% of the PMN analyzed. Further, these PMN were not dispersed in a normal log distribution, indicating some heterogeneity among the cells that bind C1q. We examined the abilities of the chemoattractant N formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) and the phorbol ester phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) to modulate expression of C1qR as compared to the receptor for C3b (CR1). Pretreatment of the monocytes and the PMN with either 10(-6)M fMLP or 10 ng/ml of PDBu significantly increased cell surface CR1 expression, as reported previously by other investigators. In contrast, no significant increase in the number of C1qR on the monocytes or the PMN was observed with any of the concentrations of fMLP or PDBu used during pretreatment. However, with certain pretreatment doses of these agents, some reduction was noted in the amount of 125I-C1q bound to the monocytes and the PMN. This study characterizes the binding of C1q to purified monocytes and confirms previously published values for PMN. The distribution of cells expressing C1qR is shown to be significantly different between identically treated populations of monocytes and PMN. Finally, the abilities of fMLP and PDBu to modulate the binding of C1qR are examined. Our results indicate that the control of C1qR expression differs markedly from that of CR1. PMID- 3486908 TI - Effect of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 treatment in vivo or with anti-asialo GM1 plus complement in vitro on cytotoxic T cell activities. AB - The susceptibility of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes and their induction to in vivo or in vitro treatment with rabbit anti-neutral glycolipid ganglio-N tetraosylceramide (anti-ASGM1) antiserum was investigated. Intravenous injection of anti-ASGM1 antiserum eliminated measurable natural killer (NK) cell activity in spleen cells of mice infected for 5 days with Vaccinia virus, or for 8 days with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) if injected 24 hr prior to testing. In addition, this treatment lowered measurable virus-specific cytotoxic T cell activity by 60 to 95%. Virus-specific cytotoxic T cell and NK cell activity generated during a primary infection in vivo was also sensitive to treatment in vitro with anti-ASGM1 antiserum (1/300 to 1/600 dilution) plus rabbit complement at a dilution of 1/15 (20 to 50% cell death, more than 30-fold decrease of cytotoxic activity); in vitro treatment with rabbit complement alone often enhanced NK and cytotoxic T cell activity slightly. In vivo treatment with anti-ASGM1 before primary immunization decreased generation of primary CTL only if high doses of anti-ASGM1 antiserum were injected twice. Antiviral T cells generated during secondary stimulation in vitro and alloreactive cytotoxic T cells from a mixed lymphocyte culture were resistant to treatment in vitro with anti-ASGM1 plus complement at the end of the culture period. Treatment in vitro of in vivo-primed responder spleen cells with anti-ASGM1 plus complement before their addition to a secondary restimulation culture resulted in complete inhibition of a secondary antiviral cytotoxic T cell response. In vivo treatment with anti-ASGM1 24 hr before their spleen cells were harvested and restimulated in vitro significantly reduced the virus-specific T cell activity of mice that had been immunized with virus several weeks previously. A cloned T cell line exclusively exerting NK-like activity was resistant, and two cloned virus specific cytotoxic T cell lines were susceptible to treatment with anti-ASGM1 plus complement in vitro. These results caution the general use of rabbit anti ASGM1 as a marker to distinguish NK from CTL cells; they indicate a possible relationship between NK and CTL cells and suggest that in vitro culture of lymphocytes may alter or select the cell surface expression or availability of the ASGM1 marker(s). PMID- 3486909 TI - Differential effect of cigarette smoking on recirculating T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant women. PMID- 3486910 TI - Relationships between pulmonary inflammation, plasma transudation, and oxygen metabolite secretion by alveolar macrophages. AB - We have previously shown that alveolar macrophages from normal rabbit lungs do not synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates unless first conditioned by culture in vitro in the presence of serum for 24 to 48 hr. This conditioning process is mediated by a serum constituent that partitions on gel exclusion columns with an apparent m.w. of 30,000 to 50,000 daltons. Alveolar macrophage conditioning in vitro requires protein synthesis, is associated with the generation of membrane NADPH oxidase activity, and is reversible. We have predicted therefore that during the course of pulmonary inflammation, as observed 3 wk after i.v. injection of M. butyricum in oil, alveolar macrophages might similarly become conditioned in vivo through exposure to plasma protein transudates reaching the alveolus. In support of this hypothesis we show that after experimental production of granulomatous pulmonary inflammation in rabbits, alveolar macrophages showed an augmented capacity to secrete superoxide anion when stimulated with phorbol ester, and this enhancement increases exponentially with increased plasma transudation. This augmented enhancement was reversible, and decreased after culture in vitro in the absence of serum. Mature alveolar macrophages were responsible for this enhanced superoxide anion production rather than freshly emigrated monocytes. Moreover, superoxide anion production in this model of pulmonary inflammation appears to be an "all-or-none" phenomenon, with superoxide anion production associated with a subpopulation of optimally conditioned alveolar macrophages, whereas the remaining unconditioned alveolar macrophages produce little or none. We feel that these two classes of alveolar macrophages may be derived from inflamed and noninflamed regions of the lung, respectively, thereby reflecting the discontinuous nature of the inflammatory lesions themselves. Thus we propose that measurements of reactive oxygen intermediate production by lavaged alveolar macrophages may provide a semi quantitative measure of chronic pulmonary inflammation. PMID- 3486911 TI - T cell clone producing an IL 1-like activity after stimulation by antigen presenting B cells. AB - We have analyzed the involvement of IL 1 in a cellular interaction during which murine B cells serve as antigen-presenting cells for a T cell clone (D10.G4.1). This T cell clone was chosen for study because it is highly dependent on exogenous IL 1 for concanavalin A (or anti-receptor antibody)-induced proliferation. We observed that B cells presented either self I-Ak plus nominal antigen or allogeneic I-Ab, and consequently induced proliferation of this T cell clone without any requirement for exogenous IL 1. After an overnight co-culture with allogenic B cells, we detected an IL 1-like activity in lysates of the cell mixture, but were unable to detect a similar activity in the culture medium. This IL 1-like activity was induced in a MHC-restricted manner. We determined that this intracellular IL 1-like activity was derived from the D10.G4.1-responding T cells, rather than from the antigen-presenting B cells. Moreover, we were unable to detect an IL 1-like activity in murine B cells after a variety of stimuli including LPS, anti-Ig, activated T cell supernatants, or combinations of these stimuli. Hybridization of cytoplasmic RNA with an oligonucleotide probe for human IL 1-alpha confirmed the T cell source of the biological activity. The IL 1-like factor derived from the cell culture mixture lysate showed two broad peaks of activity after gel filtration, one in the 10,000 to 20,000 dalton range and the second in the 35,000 to 45,000 dalton range. This first description of IL 1 activity produced by a T cell may introduce a new element to the early events leading to T cell activation and proliferation. PMID- 3486912 TI - B cell-derived BCGF functions as autocrine growth factor(s) in normal and transformed B lymphocytes. AB - This paper demonstrates that B cell lines, as well as normal activated B cells generate and respond to B cell-specific growth factor(s) (BCGF). BCGF derived from B cells (B-BCGF) appears to be distinct from interleukin 1, interleukin 2 (IL 2), B cell stimulatory factor, BCGF-II, interferon-gamma, or transforming growth factor. It acts on activated B cells, but not on resting G0 phase B cells to induce proliferation. B cell lines, immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus, constitutively secrete 10-fold higher level of B-BCGF compared with normal activated B cells, suggesting that an activated autocrine loop might be operating in immortalized B cells. On the basis of our observations, we postulate that B cell clonal expansion may occur, at least in part, through a B-BCGF-dependent autocrine pathway similar to IL 2 effect on T cells. PMID- 3486913 TI - Molecular, serologic, and functional evidence for an apparent HLA-DR triplet. AB - During routine typing procedures the individual GER was demonstrated to possess an unusual class II phenotype exhibiting three DR serotypes (DR1, DR2, DRw6). Closer serologic examination on this person's family showed that the DR1 and DR2 antigens segregated together on one haplotype. Biochemical evidence will be presented that the B cell line derived from the individual GER expresses five distinct types of DR molecules. Antigen presentation studies proved that the DR molecules carrying either DR1, DR2, or DRw6 (DRw13) allodeterminants are not only coordinately expressed but also are functional. No evidence could be found for altered DQ expression. The implications of these findings for the evolutionary aspects of the MHC class II region will be discussed. PMID- 3486914 TI - Activation of the first component of human complement, C1, by monoclonal antibodies directed against different domains of subcomponent C1q. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies directed against C1q, and their (Fab)2 and Fab fragments, were used to study the mechanism of C1 activation. Monoclonal antibody 2A10, an IgG2a, was digested by pepsin to yield fully immunoreactive (Fab')2. Monoclonal antibody 1H11, an IgG1, was digested by papain to yield fully immunoreactive, bivalent (Fab)2. Previously 1H11 had been shown to bind to the C1q "heads," whereas 2A10 bound to stalks. Activation of C1 was followed by the cleavage of 125I-C1s in the presence of C1 inhibitor (C1-Inh) at 37 degrees C. Spontaneous activation was minimal at inhibitor concentrations above 0.4 micron (1.3 X physiologic inhibitor concentration); all results were corrected for the spontaneous activation background. Heat-aggregated IgG activated completely in this system and was taken as 100% activation. Monoclonal antibody 2A10 caused precipitation of C1 and slow activation; neither the (Fab')2 nor the Fab' derived from 2A10-caused activation. Probably, aggregates of intact 2A10 and C1 were serving as immune complexes to activate other molecules of C1. In contrast, both 1H11 and its (Fab)2 activated completely and stoichiometrically; that is, maximal activation was achieved at a ratio of one C1q head to one antibody combining site. The monovalent Fab derived from 1H11 bound well to C1q, but no activation of C1 was observed. Thus, bivalent binding of this head-binding monoclonal is required for C1 activation, but not the presence of the antibody Fc portion. Neither 1H11 nor its (Fab)2 fragments caused C1 precipitation; however, the 1H11 did form complexes composed of two C1q cross-linked by multiple 1H11, which were visualized by electron microscopy. The presence of these dimeric complexes correlated well with activation. A model for C1 activation is proposed in which two C1q subcomponents are held together by multiple (Fab)2 bridging C1q heads. The model is roughly analogous to touching opposing pairs of fingers and thumb tips, the two hands representing the two C1q, forming a cage. C1-Inh, which probably binds to C1r through the open end of the C1 cone, is too long asymmetric to be included within the cage. Thus, according to this model, the dimers of C1 are released from the inhibitory action of C1-Inh, and activation proceeds spontaneously and rapidly at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3486915 TI - Cellular control of abscess formation: role of T cells in the regulation of abscesses formed in response to Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Although abscesses are a major sequela of infection, little is known about which cellular events initiate and which prevent this pathologic response. These studies are the first to indicate a role for T cells in the important pathogenic process of abscess development and also in immunity to abscesses induced by Bacteroides fragilis. We have shown that T cells initiate the formation of abscesses in mice after i.p. challenge with B. fragilis. These T cells bear both Ly-1 and Ly-2 surface markers. Nude mice (which have been shown by others to have T cell or T cell precursors) are also able to form abscesses. Cyclophosphamide treated mice (with depressed T cell function) were not capable of developing abscesses. Reconstitution with normal or nude mouse spleen cells restored this ability. However, reconstitution with anti-Thy-1.2-treated, anti-Ly-1, or anti-Ly 2-treated spleen cells (or a mixture of the two cell populations) failed to allow abscess formation after bacterial challenge. Immunity to abscesses caused by B. fragilis requires two T cells. The first Ly-1-2+ T cell has an IJ surface marker and has been shown to release a small m.w. soluble factor (ITF) that is antigen specific. Immunity to abscesses, however, depends on the interaction of ITF with a second Ly-1-2+ T cell, demonstrated in reconstitution experiments with nude mice. The data presented document a critical role for T cells in abscess induction and suggest the existence of a suppressor-like T cell circuit in immunity to abscesses. PMID- 3486916 TI - Development and ontogeny of hamster T cell subpopulations. AB - The Syrian hamster is unique among laboratory animals because products of class I MHC genes are monomorphic. Thus, this species may be a model in which to test the relationship between MHC polymorphism and the T cell antigen receptor repertoire. Recently, cytotoxic and helper T cell subpopulations have been distinguished on the basis of cell surface phenotype detected with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). We used these reagents (mAb 110 detects all peripheral T cells and mAb 38 detects cytotoxic T cells) to dissect and categorize thymic populations according to relative maturational status. The two mAb divide thymocytes into four subpopulations in the young adult. Two (110+ 38+, 110+ 38-) were peripheral-like and were housed in the medulla, exclusively; another subset (110- 38+) consisted almost entirely of TdT+ cortical thymocytes. The fourth subset (110- 38-), bearing neither marker, was heterogeneous and consisted mostly of medium-large size thymocytes, including cells with an early phenotype (nuclear TdT+). Cells with the cortical phenotype proved to be the most sensitive to cortisone treatment, whereas those which expressed the medullary marker, 110, were most resistant. To ascertain the relationship between 110- and 110+ T lineage cells, we followed the appearance of the four thymic subpopulations during ontogeny of the hamster thymus. Adult-like thymic architecture (delineation of cortex and medulla) as well as the two 110- subsets were established before expression of 110 antigen was apparent in the thymus. However, lymphocytes bearing the 110 antigen were found in lymph nodes prior to thymus during ontogeny, concomitant with developing T cell function in peripheral tissue. This finding implies that cells lacking 110 antigen were exported from the thymus and subsequently acquired expression of the molecule in the periphery, and we suggest that acquisition of 110 antigen may be a stage of postthymic maturation. Although 110+ cells appeared to be the most mature subset by several criteria, all functional thymocytes of adults or neonates were not 110+. Thus, we conclude that the 110 marker is acquired after T cells reach functional maturity. Moreover, the response profile of isolated 38+ thymocytes was analogous to peripheral 38+ T cells, suggesting that the dichotomy of function detected with our mAb also occurs before acquisition of 110 antigen. We have modeled what is known about hamster T cell development into a hypothetical scheme. PMID- 3486917 TI - A new symmetry: A anti-B is anti-(B anti-A), and reverse enhancement. AB - Immune system network theory leads to a new symmetry, namely that the antibodies produced in an allogeneic A anti-B immune response (where A and B are, say, two different mouse strains), should have complementary shapes to the antibodies in a B anti-A response. That is, A anti-B is anti-(B anti-A). This symmetry is due to the existence of two readily separable populations of antibodies that are present in alloantisera: anti-foreign and anti-anti-self antibodies. The theoretical basis for the symmetry is described, and results indicating the presence of anti anti-self antibodies in each of 12 alloantisera (six made in B10-congenic strains, and six made with the unrelated chains CBA, SJL, and C57BL/6) are reported. The finding that hyperimmune alloantisera routinely contain anti-anti self antibodies suggests that network regulation plays an important role in maintaining self-tolerance during responses to allogeneic cells. We further show that A anti-B serum absorbed against B can specifically prolong the survival of A grafts in a B strain animal. We suggest that this result can be interpreted as being due to A anti-(B anti-A) antibodies preventing B anti-A cells from rejecting the A grafts. We call this phenomenon "reverse enhancement" because it involves the converse antiserum to that used in conventional enhancement of graft survival by specific antibodies. PMID- 3486918 TI - Proliferation of anti-DNA-producing NZB B cells in a non-autoimmune environment. AB - This study demonstrates that purified NZB B cells, but not other NZB spleen cell populations, are capable of transferring anti-DNA antibody production into unirradiated H-2-compatible xid recipients. The number of autoantibody-producing B cells and the concentration of anti-DNA antibody found in the recipients correlated directly with the number of NZB B cells transferred. In addition, the number of anti-DNA-secreting lymphocytes found in the xid hosts increased exponentially with time post cell transfer. Several lines of evidence suggest that this phenomenon reflected the rapid proliferation of donor NZB B cells in the xid environment. Significantly, such proliferation was characteristic of donor cells that produced autoantibodies, but not of splenic B cells as a whole. These results suggest that stimulated NZB B cells can both induce and perpetuate autoantibody production in a normally non-autoimmune environment and in the absence of autoimmune helper cells. PMID- 3486920 TI - A rapid ELISA for measurement of antibodies to nucleic acid antigens using UV treated polystyrene microplates. AB - Pretreatment of polystyrene microplate wells with certain doses of UV light enhances their capacity for binding to single-stranded DNA, double stranded DNA and various synthetic polynucleotides. The use of UV-irradiated plates to immobilize nucleic acid antigens provides a simple, rapid, and specific ELISA for measuring anti-nucleic acid antibodies. The assay is at least as sensitive as the more complex method of precoating plates with poly(L-lysine). It is useful for detection of anti-DNA antibodies in sera of systemic lupus erythematous patients, as well as in culture fluids of murine and human anti-DNA-secreting hybridomas. PMID- 3486919 TI - Mononuclear phagocyte system in SLE. II. A kinetic model of immune complex handling in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Using the principles of reaction kinetics, we constructed a model for the handling of immune complexes and the pathogenesis of SLE immune complex disease. The model incorporates rate constants for complement- and Fc-mediated clearance, parameters for autoantibody, complement and immune complex levels, and scores for clinical disease activity. The model assumes that complement fixation by immune complexes is a prerequisite for complement-mediated clearance and that disease activity results from immune complex deposition. To test the relationships derived, data from 32 lupus patients were analyzed and the predictions were compared with actual findings. The model predicts a low correlation coefficient between disease activity and immune complex levels (found, r = 0.25, p greater than 0.1). The model also predicts a poor correlation between disease activity and impaired Fc-mediated clearance in patients with normal complement levels (found, r = 0.10, p greater than 0.1), but a high correlation coefficient between disease activity and impaired Fc-mediated clearance in patients with hypocomplementemia (found, r = 0.61, p less than 0.001). In patients with normal complement levels, the model predicts a good correlation between anti-DNA antibody and immune complex levels (found, r = 0.71, p less than 0.001), whereas hypocomplementemic patients should have a good correlation between anti-DNA to CH50 ratios and immune complex levels (found, r = 0.73, p less than 0.001). The model predicts that disease activity should correlate better with the product of the anti-DNA to CH50 ratio and the rate constant for Fc-mediated clearance than with any single parameter (found, r = 0.85, p less than 0.0001). These significant correlations, which were predicted by the model, suggest that complement-mediated mechanisms are the first line of host defense against immune complex-induced injury, that the efficiency of complement opsonization plays a central role, and that both abnormal complement- and Fc-receptor function leads to active renal disease in SLE. PMID- 3486922 TI - Colorimetric B cell proliferation assay based on alkaline phosphatase activity. Selective measurement of B cell proliferation in the presence of other cell types. AB - In this study we show that a rapid colorimetric determination of alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity can be used in conjunction with a multiwell scanning photometer to quantitatively measure lymphokine-dependent B cell proliferation. Despite the fact that only activated but not resting B cells exhibit APase activity, i.e., that APase expression in B cells is variable, the results obtained by monitoring the enzyme activity were very similar to those obtained by measuring thymidine incorporation in two murine B cell systems. With regard to a potential application to the screening of the effects of hybridoma supernatants on B cells, it is relevant that HAT medium has practically no influence on the colorimetric B cell proliferation assay. Another advantage of the method is that since T cells and macrophages lack APase activity, one can detect the proliferation of B cells even in the presence of a high number of such cells, for example, in studying a T cell-dependent response. PMID- 3486924 TI - Induction of interleukin-1 by strains of Staphylococcus aureus from patients with nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome. AB - We studied the induction of human interleukin-1 (IL-1) production in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Of the 20 TSS-associated strains studied, 11 produced and nine did not produce TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1). Human monocytes were incubated with dilute staphylococcal supernatants, and IL-1 production was measured in a lymphocyte activating factor assay. All 20 TSS-associated strains were potent inducers of IL 1, in comparison with none of 10 vaginal isolates of S. aureus from healthy women. TSST-1-positive strains were more potent than TSST-1-negative strains. Nine TSST-1-negative TSS-associated strains were compared with 14 strains of S. aureus from other clinical settings and were found to be significantly more potent inducers of IL-1 (P less than .01). Eight of these nine TSS-associated strains produced at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin. Stimulation of monocytes by products of S. aureus may play a role in the pathogenesis of TSS. PMID- 3486921 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity assessed by the 51Cr release assay. Biological interpretation of mathematical parameters. AB - This study deals with the interpretation of primary data of the 51Cr release assay for cellular cytotoxicity. In particular the dose-effect relationship between increasing numbers of lymphoid cells and the percentage of target cells killed has been considered. The number of target cells killed depends on the frequency and the activity of cytotoxic cells. These two parameters are often not distinguished from each other, which causes confusion and frequently results in vague descriptions of cytotoxicity data. Because in many cases not all cells in the target cell population can be lysed, we recommend the introduction of the plateau value for target cell kill. This maximum of target cell kill is a measure of the frequency of lysable target cells, but also depends on the cytotoxic cell activity. Description of the dose-effect curve by y = A(1 - e-kx) allows the simultaneous calculation of the maximum kill (A) and the frequency of cytotoxic cells (k) in the lymphoid cell population (x). Results are presented which indicate that A and k represent totally independent biological parameters the use of which permits a more objective description of cytotoxicity data. PMID- 3486923 TI - Epidemiology of colonization by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in children: a longitudinal study. AB - Eighty-six nasopharyngeal isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were prospectively obtained from three children who attended a day care center from infancy until early childhood (five to seven years). A majority of the strains were nontypable. We analyzed strains by comparing their biotypes and by performing electrophoresis of outer membrane proteins on polyacrylamide gels. Profiles of outer membrane proteins were very heterogeneous and could not be used as the basis for the development of a subtyping scheme. The children characteristically carried a nasopharyngeal strain defined by a unique outer membrane pattern for a period of months, lost it, and then acquired a new strain. We probed the outer membrane proteins of a child's strains by the western blot technique with serum obtained serially from the child. Isolates whose outer membrane proteins appeared identical on stained gels generally had similar antigenic bands on western blots but were occasionally immunologically distinct. Serum immunoglobulins of the IgG class that reacted with the outer membrane proteins did not appear to change greatly over time or to play a role in preventing or terminating colonization. We conclude that nasopharyngeal colonization in children by nontypable H. influenzae is a dynamic process and that factors that cause loss and acquisition of strains remain to be determined. PMID- 3486925 TI - Failure of therapy in pseudomonas endocarditis: selection of resistant mutants. AB - Despite optimal use of available antibacterial agents, endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with poor response to medical treatment. Two patients are described in whom emergence of resistance to beta lactam antibiotics was associated with clinical failure. A subpopulation of resistant mutants (10(-7)) was found within the initial, apparently sensitive population of bacteria. These resistant mutants were similar to posttherapy isolates in their increased production of beta-lactamase and in their identical pattern of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Moreover, the only beta lactamase produced was type Id, and this enhanced production proved to be constitutive. A relatively large inoculum (10(6) colony-forming units/g of tissue) of bacteria was found postoperatively in the heart valves of both patients. The failure to respond is postulated to be due to the selection of these producers of high levels of beta-lactamase in a large bacterial inoculum. PMID- 3486926 TI - High-intensity transcutaneous nerve stimulation at the Hoku acupuncture point for relief of muscular headache pain. Literature review and clinical trial. PMID- 3486928 TI - [Coronary artery bypass surgery utilizing an internal mammary artery graft in 45 consecutive Japanese patients]. PMID- 3486927 TI - [A-C bypass operation after Cabrol procedure, a case report]. PMID- 3486929 TI - Loss of bone resulting from accumulation of aluminum in bone of patients undergoing dialysis. AB - The effects of accumulation of aluminum on cancellous bone mass and histomorphometric parameters of bone formation and resorption are evaluated in three separate studies: a cross-sectional study in 120 patients receiving long term maintenance dialysis, including patients with and without stainable bone aluminum; a longitudinal retrospective study in eight patients receiving hemodialysis, who had progressive accumulation of aluminum in bone. These patients had two bone biopsies 11 to 16 months apart; a longitudinal prospective study in 10 patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, who had histologically proved renal osteodystrophy and stainable bone aluminum. These patients were given deferoxamine for 9 to 12 months. Repeat bone biopsies were done thereafter, and decrease or disappearance of stainable bone aluminum was observed. The results of the independent studies demonstrate that aluminum accumulation in bone is associated not only with disturbed mineralization but also with loss of cancellous bone mass, and that removal of aluminum from bone results in gain in bone volume. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are related to a disproportionately greater effect of aluminum on bone formation than on bone resorption. The negative effect on bone formation is caused by decreased number and activity of osteoblasts, which is reversed by removal of aluminum from bone. In addition, the data show that aluminum induces suppression of bone turnover, with uncoupling between bone formation and resorption whereby the effects on bone formation exceed those on bone resorption. Thus, fractures in patients with renal failure and accumulation of aluminum may result not only from osteomalacia but also from osteopenia. PMID- 3486930 TI - Medical informatics. The revolution in law, technology, and medicine. PMID- 3486931 TI - The regulation of organ procurement and transplantation in the United States. PMID- 3486932 TI - Immigration laws excluding aliens on the basis of health. A reassessment after AIDS. PMID- 3486934 TI - Regulation of the level of epidermal growth factor by oestrogen in the submandibular gland of female mice. AB - The concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the submandibular gland of immature female mice (less than 6 weeks old) was low, ranging from 0.07 to 0.17 pmol (0.4 to 1.0 ng)/mg wet wt, but increasing to 7.61 pmol/mg wet wt by 8 weeks of age. It remained relatively constant up to 24 weeks of age, but thereafter the glandular EGF concentration increased again during the post-reproductive period to reach 62.9 pmol/mg wet wt. In contrast, the glandular EGF content in male mice increased greatly during the first 17 weeks of age to about 310 pmol/mg wet wt, and thereafter remained relatively constant up to 48 weeks of age. Ovariectomy of mature virgin mice markedly increased the glandular concentration of EGF to about 74.4 pmol/mg wet wt 4 weeks after the operation. This increase was suppressed by oestradiol-17 beta administered to ovariectomized mice at a dose of 1 microgram/mouse per day but not by 1 mg progesterone. Histological studies indicated that granular convoluted tubular cells that produced EGF in the submandibular gland were much less abundant in 12-week-old female and in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized mature mice than in 40-week-old female and ovariectomized mature mice. We conclude that oestrogen suppresses the concentration of EGF in the submandibular gland of female mice. PMID- 3486933 TI - Simultaneous appearance of endocardial late potentials and ability to induce sustained ventricular tachycardia after procainamide administration. AB - We describe a patient in whom procainamide induced the appearance of late potentials during intraoperative sinus rhythm electrogram mapping. Only nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) could be induced while off all antiarrhythmic drugs. After administration of the procainamide, programmed stimulation induced sustained VT coincident with the appearance of late potentials during sinus rhythm. The late potential was recorded from the same site, during normal sinus rhythm, where mid to late diastolic activation during VT was recorded, and where cryotermination occurred during cryomapping. We hypothesize that procainamide slowed conduction, manifested as prolongation or appearance of late potentials in sinus rhythm, and facilitated induction of sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3486935 TI - Properties of synthetic-gene recombinant human epidermal growth factor: comparison with the natural growth factor from human urine and milk. AB - The receptor-binding, immunological and biological properties of synthetic-gene human epidermal growth factor (EGF), produced by recombinant techniques in yeast have been compared with those of mouse submaxillary gland EGF and partially purified EGF from human urine and milk. The three forms of human EGF produced parallel concentration curves in radio-receptor assays using AG2804 Simian virus 40-transformed human lung fibroblasts and iodinated mouse or recombinant human EGF. Equivalent receptor-binding activities of urine and milk EGF were equipotent with recombinant human EGF in an homologous radioimmunoassay using recombinant human EGF antiserum with 125I-labelled recombinant human EGF, while none of the preparations was effective in competing for binding of 125I-labelled mouse EGF to mouse EGF antiserum. Urine, milk and recombinant human EGF stimulated protein synthesis and inhibited protein degradation in cultured AG2804 fibroblasts with identical potency. On a weight basis, mouse EGF was equipotent with recombinant human EGF in competitive binding to cell receptors and in effects on protein synthesis or protein degradation in AG2804 fibroblasts. It is concluded that recombinant human EGF is indistinguishable from the natural growth factor from urine or milk and shares similar biological properties with mouse EGF. PMID- 3486936 TI - Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) is an endogenous pyrogen and induces production of interleukin 1. AB - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF alpha) injected intravenously into rabbits produces a rapid-onset, monophasic fever indistinguishable from the fever produced by rIL-1. On a weight basis (1 microgram/kg) rTNF alpha and rIL-1 produce the same amount of fever and induce comparable levels of PGE2 in rabbit hypothalamic cells in vitro; like IL-1, TNF fever is blocked by drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase. At higher doses (10 micrograms/kg) rTNF alpha produces biphasic fevers. The first fever reaches peak elevation 45-55 min after bolus injection and likely represents a direct action on the thermoregulatory center. During the second fever peak (3 h later), a circulating endogenous pyrogen can be shown present using passive transfer of plasma into fresh rabbits. This likely represents the in vivo induction of IL-1. In vitro, rTNF alpha induces the release of IL-1 activity from human mononuclear cells with maximal production observed at 50-100 ng/ml of rTNF alpha. In addition, rTNF alpha and rIFN-gamma have a synergistic effect on IL-1 production. The biological activity of rTNF alpha could be distinguished from IL-1 in three ways: the monophasic pyrogenic activity of rIL-1 was destroyed at 70 degrees C, whereas rTNF alpha remained active; anti-IL-1 neutralized IL-1 but did recognize rTNF alpha or natural cachectin nor neutralize its cytotoxic effect; and unlike IL-1, rTNF alpha was not active in the mitogen-stimulated T cell proliferation assay. The possibility that endotoxin was responsible for rTNF alpha fever and/or the induction of IL-1 was ruled-out in several studies: rTNF alpha produced fever in the endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ mice; the IL-1-inducing property of rTNF alpha was destroyed either by heat (70 degrees C) or trypsinization, and was unaffected by polymyxin B; pyrogenic tolerance to daily injections of rTNF alpha did not occur; levels of endotoxin, as determined in the Limulus amebocyte lysate, were below the minimum rabbit pyrogen dose; and these levels of endotoxin were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for the presence of beta hydroxymyristic acid. Although rTNF alpha is not active in T cell proliferation assays, it may mimic IL-1 in a T cell assay, since high concentrations of rTNF alpha induced IL-1 from epithelial or macrophagic cells in the thymocyte preparations. These studies show that TNF (cachectin) is another endogenous pyrogen which, like IL-1 and IFN-alpha, directly stimulate hypothalamic PGE2 synthesis. In addition, rTNF alpha is an endogenous inducer of IL-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3486937 TI - Rearrangement and expression of the alpha, beta, and gamma chain T cell receptor genes in human thymic leukemia cells and functional T cells. AB - Using cDNA and genomic probes representing the alpha, beta, and gamma chain of the human T cell receptor genes, we have examined the structure and expression of these genes in 14 human leukemic T cell lines, representing different stages of thymic differentiation, and 15 functional human T cell clones. Rearrangement of the gamma and beta chain genes was found in all of the functional T cell clones and all but one (P30/OKUBO) thymic leukemia cell line; all of the lines that had rearrangement of the beta chain expressed beta mRNA. Expression of the alpha chain was found in all of the functional T cell clones examined, while rearrangement of the alpha chain gene, using currently available probes to the J region, could be shown in 10 of 13 functional clones. In contrast, expression of the alpha chain was found in 6 of 10 leukemic T cell lines, while rearrangement was found in six of these nine cell lines. Of the 14 leukemic cell lines studied for rearrangement of the alpha chain, rearrangement was found in six cases. The data obtained with the cell lines are consistent with an ordered rearrangement and expression of the gamma, beta, and alpha chains of the T cell antigen receptor (TcR) genes. The leukemic cell lines used in the present study have previously been characterized with regard to cell surface antigens and intracellular enzymes. Based on those results a scheme of thymic development was proposed. The developmental stages identified by those studies are not in complete agreement with stages of T cell development, as determined in the present study using molecular probes. PMID- 3486938 TI - Tolerance to rat monoclonal antibodies. Implications for serotherapy. AB - The antiglobulin response is a major complication of mAb therapy. It has been suggested that, in clinical practice, this might be avoided by using human or chimeric mAbs, or by prior induction of tolerance to the therapeutic mAb. In this study, we show that it is possible to induce tolerance in mice to the constant regions of rat IgG2b mAbs by both classical deaggregation methods and by anti L3T4 mAb therapy. Mice tolerant to IgG2b constant region determinants failed to make an antiglobulin response when immunized with a number of mAbs of the same isotype that had no binding specificity for mouse cells, but produced vigorous antiidiotypic responses to cell-binding mAbs. Binding of antibodies to hemopoietic cells rends their idiotypic determinants major immunogens even in the presence of tolerance to constant region epitopes. These findings suggest that the use of human or chimeric mAbs will not be sufficient to eliminate the antiglobulin response, and that additional methods need to be investigated. PMID- 3486939 TI - An antigen receptor-driven, interleukin 2-independent pathway for proliferation of murine cytolytic T lymphocyte clones. AB - Proliferation of T lymphocytes can be induced by IL-2, either through an autocrine pathway in which the responding cell produces its own IL-2 or through an exocrine pathway in which IL-2 secreted by Th stimulates proliferation of IL-2 dependent CTL. However, proliferation of at least some CTL clones, such as CTL L3 and CTL dB45, also can be induced by stimulation of the antigen receptor in the absence of IL-2. Stimulation of these cloned CTL with T cell-depleted allogeneic spleen cells, allogeneic tumor cells, or immobilized mAb reactive with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) induced thymidine incorporation, entry into cell cycle, and secretion of macrophage activating factor, but these stimuli did not induce the secretion of IL-2. Several observations indicated that such proliferation of cloned CTL induced by stimulation of the TCR was independent of IL-2; IL-2 could not be detected in supernatants from stimulated CTL cells. mAbs reactive with the murine IL-2-R efficiently blocked IL-2-mediated thymidine incorporation in cloned CTL and Th, but had no inhibitory effect on TCR-driven thymidine incorporation in the CTL clones. TCR-driven thymidine incorporation in cloned Th L2 cells was profoundly inhibited by these antibodies, indicating the operation of an IL-2 mediated autocrine pathway for proliferation in this cloned Th. When antibodies to the TCR were used to stimulate cloned CTL and Th, IFN-gamma mRNA was easily shown in the cloned CTL and Th. Although IL-2 mRNA could be detected in the cloned Th, it was never observed in the cloned CTL. These findings provide evidence for the existence of a TCR-mediated, IL-2-independent pathway for induction of cellular proliferation in cloned murine CTL. PMID- 3486941 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations in synovial fluid in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3486940 TI - Administration of recombinant interleukin 2 in vivo induces a polyclonal IgM response. AB - We studied the potential immunoenhancing effects of high doses of rIL-2 on murine T and B cell functions in vivo. Injection of rIL-2 caused a threefold or more increase in the frequencies of antigen-specific proliferative T cells, suggesting that rIL-2 initiated a polyclonal T cell response. In primary and secondary humoral immune responses, administration of rIL-2 in vivo selectively enhanced the production of IgM antibodies, whereas the IgG response was unaffected. Coadministration of rIL-2 with antigen failed to induce an isotype switch from IgM to IgG in genetically low-responding mice. Interestingly, in mice treated with rIL-2 alone (in the absence of exogenous antigen), polyclonal IgM production was induced. Polyclonal IgM production of lesser magnitude was found when mice were immunized with specific antigen in the absence of exogenous rIL-2, suggesting that local IL-2 concentrations in a primary immune response might be sufficient to elicit a polyclonal IgM response. PMID- 3486942 TI - Adenosine inhibition of calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from bovine cerebral cortex. AB - Calmodulin (CaM)-sensitive adenylate cyclase has recently been purified extensively from bovine brain. In this study, the sensitivity of the CaM sensitive adenylate cyclase to adenosine and adenosine analogs was examined. The highly purified enzyme preparation retained sensitivity to inhibition by adenosine and adenosine analogs with ribose ring modifications, but not to those with purine ring modifications. Adenosine inhibition of this enzyme was not dependent on GTP and was noncompetitive with respect to ATP. Enzyme that had been dissociated from functional guanine nucleotide binding protein interactions by gel filtration in the presence of the zwitterionic detergent 3-[3 (cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-propanesulfonate and Mn2+ retained sensitivity to adenosine inhibition. The Ki for adenosine inhibition of the CaM-sensitive adenylate cyclase was approximately 2.6 X 10(-4) M. 5'-Guanylylimidodiphosphate and CaM did not affect the Ki of 3'-deoxyadenosine for the enzyme, but the presence of Ca2+ in the millimolar range raised the Ki by a factor of 5. These results show that the CaM-sensitive form of adenylate cyclase from bovine brain is subject to adenosine inhibition, and strongly suggest that this inhibition is due to interaction of ligands with a purine-specific ("P") site located on the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. PMID- 3486943 TI - Thalamic tumours invading the brain stem produce crossed cerebellar diaschisis demonstrated by PET. AB - Two cases of thalamic tumour, spreading through the midbrain into the pons ventrolaterally, showed suppression of cerebellar blood flow on the opposite side to the tumour, and also showed reduction of blood flow in the pons on the side of the tumour in positron emission tomographic studies. The pathophysiological mechanism of crossed cerebellar diaschisis may be due to functional suppression of the pontine nuclei by destruction of descending fibres from the cerebral cortex. PMID- 3486944 TI - Involvement of the dorsal root ganglion in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. A histological and electrophysiological study. AB - Histological and electrophysiological studies were performed in Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in order to determine the extent of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) involvement. Histological studies showed inflammation and demyelination in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The DRG was the most affected region of the PNS and its involvement increased caudally. Nerve conduction abnormalities were demonstrated in the regions of the lumbar, sacral or coccygeal DRGs in some of the rats with EAE. However, the overall DRG involvement was much less severe, both histologically and functionally, than what we recently found in rabbits with EAE. Conduction through the lumbar dorsal root entry zone was normal. We conclude that lesions of the afferent pathway to the spinal cord do not contribute significantly to the disturbances of hindlimb motor function in Lewis rats with EAE. PMID- 3486945 TI - Monoamine oxidase B, smoking, and Parkinson's disease. AB - Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported to occur more commonly among non-smokers than among cigarette smokers, for reasons that are unknown. PD may possibly be caused by one or more unidentified neurotoxins which chemically resemble N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a substance which after conversion to an active neurotoxin by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) can extensively damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in humans, lower primates and mice. We measured MAO-B in autopsied brain of PD patients and control subjects and found enzyme activities similar. Inhibition of rat liver MAO-B by the urines of PD patients was greater than by urines of control subjects. These observations do not favour the hypothesis that idiopathic PD is due to excessive conversion of a precursor compound to an active neurotoxin by MAO-B. On the other hand, we found that MAO-B activity was significantly lower in the platelets of heavy cigarette smokers than in platelets of non-smokers. Finally, we found that hydrazine, a compound present in tobacco smoke, had a significant effect in mice in protecting dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons from damage by MPTP. If idiopathic PD is caused by MPTP-like neurotoxins, accumulation of hydrazine in the tissues of cigarette smokers might explain their reduced likelihood of developing PD. PMID- 3486946 TI - Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with lectin activated spleen cells. Part 2. Studies on T cell subsets and interleukin 2 production. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be transferred by spleen cells stimulated in vitro with D-mannose-binding lectins but not with N-acetyl-D galactosamine (GalNAc)-binding lectins. EAE could also be passively transferred by spleen cells following incubation with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), in which case the disease transfer was abolished by the specific hapten inhibitor, N acetyl-D-glucosamine. In the presence of rat T cell monoclonal antibody, either W3/25 or OX-8, both concanavalin A and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin stimulated helper and suppressor T subpopulations. On the other hand, GalNAc-binding lectins were less effective than D-mannose-binding lectins in generating interleukin 2 (IL2) in the culture supernatant, whereas WGA-stimulated spleen cells did not produce IL2. Furthermore, spleen cells cultured with pure IL2 could not transfer EAE to the recipients. These data suggest that some factors distinct from IL2 are required for the differentiation of EAE-effector precursors into the final effector cells in this transfer system. PMID- 3486947 TI - Androgen receptor levels in cranial nerve nuclei and tongue muscles in rats. AB - Specific in vitro binding of 3H-methyltrienolone (R1881) was demonstrated in 100,000 X g supernatant (cytosol) of hypoglossal, facial, and cochlear nuclei and tongue muscles of adult rats. Binding sites in these cranial nerve nuclei and tongue muscles were of high affinity, limited capacity, with steroid specificity; and they were capable of translocation to the cell nuclei in vivo. Accordingly, an androgen receptor system with properties very much akin to the androgen receptors described in the forebrain limbic regions has been quantitatively demonstrated for the first time in brain stem nuclei. Because of its widespread presence in neurons of the brain stem and spinal cord, androgen receptors may have important roles in regulation of neuron physiology beyond the sphere of reproductive function, including mediating androgen effects on regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve reported previously. PMID- 3486948 TI - Defective development of the thymus and immunological abnormalities in the neurological mouse mutation "staggerer". AB - The autosomal recessive mouse mutation "staggerer" (sg/sg), located on chromosome 9, has been recognized as a neurological mutant because of movement abnormalities and defective cerebellar development. We show here that the sg/sg mutation not only affects the development of the cerebellum, but also causes developmental and regulatory changes of the immune system: We observed, on gross inspection, a marked delay in the development of sg/sg thymus, generally enlarged lymph nodes, and undersized spleens. When immunized with SRBC, the sg/sg mouse generated, in normal proportions, helper T-cells in vivo and antibody-forming B-cells in vitro; however, a delay in terminating the response and a deficiency in generating suppressor cells was noted. This suggests the existence of a defect in regulatory feedback mechanisms. The marked delay in the growth of the thymus gland was associated with the prolonged existence of cell-surface carbohydrate patterns characteristic of immature thymocytes. The prolonged expression of embryonal cell surface phenotypes was observed on the surface of cerebellum and thymus (and, to some extent, spleen) but not in cells from other organs. PMID- 3486949 TI - Brain-stem evoked responses to CPA compression. PMID- 3486950 TI - Cerebral dynamics of N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine. AB - Temporal changes in the distribution of N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) within the brain are measured with serial tomographic imaging. In the cerebellum there is a decrease in activity of 42% from the early [15-45 min postinjection (p.i.)] to the late (210-240 min p.i.) scan, while in the cortex the decrease is 18%, and in the basal ganglia there is no decrease within this time. In brain tumors there was no IMP uptake in the early as well as in the late scans, regardless of tumor type, perfusion rate, or blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In 11 of 43 patients with a cerebral infarction a real increase of 123I activity (mean +21%) was seen in the late images. This "filling in" phenomena might be useful in selecting patients for bypass surgery. In these patients the diaschisis cerebelli, seen in the early scans, disappeared in the late images. The regional distribution of IMP changes with time; spatial ratios might be blurred by temporal changes. High-flow areas such as visio-auditory centers can be delineated clearly after stimulation in fast early scans; in these areas the pharmacokinetics of 123I are different from other cortex regions. To get the full information from the IMP brain uptake, both spatial and temporal variation must be measured. PMID- 3486951 TI - Quantitative evaluation of regional pulmonary ventilation using PET and nitrogen 13 gas. AB - A new quantitative method, "Simultaneous Exponential Equation method" (SEE), has been developed for the analysis of pulmonary ventilation studies using 13N labeled nitrogen gas and positron emission computed tomography. This method uses Kety's model assuming insolubility of nitrogen gas in blood or tissues. Activity in poorly ventilated regions does not reach the equilibrium in the so-called equilibrium scan (EQ) performed following 3 or 4 min of washin. Therefore EQ images do not represent lung volume images nor do they provide the initial value of washout phase. Our method corrects for these transient phenomena observed during EQ scan and yields idealistic equilibrium state images (lung volume images) as well as more accurate regional ventilatory time constants than a modified Stewart-Hamilton (A/H) method and tomograms of high resolution. PMID- 3486952 TI - A reawakening of interest in radionuclide brain imaging. PMID- 3486953 TI - Tumor size: effect on monoclonal antibody uptake in tumor models. AB - Studies were performed to determine the effect of tumor size on the incorporation of radiolabeled monoclonal antitumor antibodies (MoAbs) into human tumors growing in nude mice. The colon tumors ranged in size from 0.03-1.6 g, the melanoma from 0.1 to 6.7 g, and the lymphoma from 0.06 to 10.2 g. Indium-111 was primarily used as the radiolabel, however, both 125I and 111In were used as tracers for the MoAb in one experiment. The per g radiopharmaceutical uptake by tumors was inversely proportional to tumor size when tumor specific MoAb was administered. This finding was independent of the radiolabel and was demonstrable when the mice bore two tumors of differing size. When the MoAb was not specific for the tumor, the data were less well defined and a statistically significant correlation with size did not occur. These data are strong evidence for a decrease in per g uptake of labeled tumor specific antibodies as tumors increase in size. PMID- 3486954 TI - The detection of a gastrointestinal bleeding site in patients with liver cirrhosis: which agent to use? PMID- 3486955 TI - Imaging of cerebral blood flow-to-volume distribution using SPECT. AB - The ratio between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been proposed as an adequate parameter for the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), but to date it has not been assessed with SPECT. We have chosen [123I]IMP for CBF and [99mTc] erythrocytes for CBV imaging. The distribution of both nuclides was investigated in succession using corrections for the contamination of the 99mTc tomograms by 123I. The ratio between 123I and 99mTc tomograms yielded the CBF/CBV distribution. Quantitation was obtained by side-to side comparison of both hemispheres and of segments containing the territories affected by CVD. In 16 patients with CVD, CBF of the affected territories was 85 +/- 19% (s.d.) when related to the nonsymptomatic contralateral side (100%). When the regions of interest defined within one slice encompassed the entire affected hemisphere, the average CBF was 95 +/- 9%, again related to the nonsymptomatic side. The corresponding CBF/CBV data in 15 of these 16 patients were 60 +/- 32% and 81 +/- 16%. In unilateral internal carotid artery stenoses greater than 50% (N = 10), segmental CBF averaged 81.1 +/- 10.1% and CBF/CBV 49.6 +/- 15.5% relative to the contralateral side. The figures for the hemispheres were 92.8 +/- 5.8 and 75.8 +/- 12.6, respectively. These clinical findings mirror the characteristics of CBF autoregulation, namely the vasodilation of small vessels in decreased arterial perfusion pressure. They, therefore, substantiate SPECT imaging of CBF/CBV for the assessment of cerebral perfusion reserve in CVD. PMID- 3486956 TI - Appearance of hyperostosis frontalis interna on indium-111 leukocyte scans: potential diagnostic pitfall. AB - The appearance of hyperostosis frontalis interna on an [111In]leukocyte scan is reported. Recognition of the potential for normal accumulation of 111In-labeled white blood cells within this common process involving the skull is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis. PMID- 3486958 TI - Diagnosis of diffuse hepatocellular diseases using SPECT. AB - In the scintigraphic diagnosis of diffuse hepatocellular diseases, increased splenic uptake of colloids and splenomegaly are helpful signs. To quantify these patterns, the volume and activity of liver and spleen were measured by using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratios in volume and activity that were calculated from SPECT images were estimated in normal individuals and in patients with diffuse hepatocellular diseases. The maximum normal limits of S/L ratios of volume, activity, and activity/volume were predicted as 0.19, 0.087, and 0.72 (mean +/- 2 s.d.). Twenty two of twenty-three patients (96%) with liver cirrhosis had at least two elevated S/L ratios, and three elevated S/L ratios could clearly differentiate the patient with liver cirrhosis from normal individuals. On the other hand, only six patients (32%) with chronic hepatitis had elevation of any S/L ratio. Abnormal S/L ratios of activity/volume in the range from 0.72 to 1.05 were not obvious on planar or SPECT images. PMID- 3486957 TI - N-[11C-Methyl]chlorphentermine and N,N-[11C-dimethyl]chlorphentermine as brain blood-flow agents for positron emission tomography. AB - N-[11C-methyl]chlorphentermine ([11C]NMCP) and N,N-[11C-dimethyl]chlorphentermine ([11C]NDMCP) were prepared from chlorphentermine and 11CH3I in DMF and evaluated in rats as brain blood-flow agents for positron emission tomography (PET). Tissue distribution of [11C]NMCP showed that brain uptake was 2.70 +/- 0.40% of injected dose per organ at 5 min with no change in radioactivity concentration up to 30 min after i.v. injection. Approximately 80% of the initial brain uptake remained at 60 min. On the other hand, initial brain uptake of [11C] NDMCP (3.66 +/- 0.31 and 3.63 +/- 0.88% injected dose per organ at 5 and 15 min, respectively) was greater than that of [11C]NMCP. The brain activity however, rapidly decreased to 2.38 +/- 0.17 and 1.82 +/- 0.32% at 30 and 60 min, respectively. Because of its longer retention in the brain compared with [11C]NDMCP, [11C]NMCP would be a potential brain blood-flow agent for quantitative PET studies. PMID- 3486959 TI - SPECT liver imaging using an iterative attenuation correction algorithm and an external flood source. AB - The results obtained from the inclusion of a new intrinsic attenuation correction algorithm into a protocol for SPECT liver imaging are presented in this study. A total of six patients were evaluated with this protocol. The new algorithm uses a transmission tomographic acquisition that is obtained before a standard emission tomograph, and requires the use of an external flood source. The transmission tomograph results in an attenuation image, or map, of the patient. The attenuation map then serves as input into the final intrinsic correction algorithm, that also uses data from a standard emission acquisition. The results of the six patients studied show that the algorithm can correct for attenuation effects without degrading image quality. In all the cases studied, the attenuation corrected images made the cases easier to interpret than did the images obtained without attenuation correction. PMID- 3486960 TI - Application of robotics to radiopharmaceutical preparation: controlled synthesis of fluorine-18 16 alpha-fluoroestradiol-17 beta. AB - A commercially available robot system, the Zymark Zymate Laboratory Automation System, has been utilized for the preparation of a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, 16 alpha-[18F] fluoroestradiol-17 beta. This radiopharmaceutical is prepared in a three-step synthesis (preparation of [18F] tetrabutylammonium fluoride, SN2 displacement of a triflate, and ketone reduction) and is purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All steps in the synthesis and HPLC purification are controlled by the robot system with no manual intervention. This represents a new approach to the complete automation of radiopharmaceutical production. PMID- 3486961 TI - Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and multiple infarct dementia by tomographic imaging of iodine-123 IMP. AB - Tomographic imaging of the brain was performed using a rotating slant hole collimator and [123I]N-isopropyl p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in normal subjects (n = 6) and patients with either Alzheimer's disease (n = 5) or multiple infarct dementia (n = 3). Four blinded observers were asked to make a diagnosis from the images. Normal subjects and patients with multiple infarct dementia were correctly identified. Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed in three of the five patients with this disease. One patient with early Alzheimer's disease was classified as normal by two of the four observers. Another patient with Alzheimer's disease had an asymmetric distribution of IMP and was incorrectly diagnosed as multiple infarct dementia by all four observers. Limited angle tomography of the cerebral distribution of 123I appears to be a useful technique for the evaluation of demented patients. PMID- 3486962 TI - Pharmacokinetics of superselective intra-arterial and intravenous [11C]BCNU evaluated by PET. AB - The pharmacokinetics of i.v. and superselective intra-arterial carbon-11 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea ([11C]BCNU) were directly compared for the first time in ten patients with recurrent gliomas using positron emission tomography (PET). Intra-arterial administration of [11C]BCNU achieved concentrations of the drug in the tumor that averaged 50 times higher than with a comparable i.v. dose. These preliminary results suggest that the degree of early metabolic trapping of BCNU in tumor correlates with the clinical response to this chemotherapy. PMID- 3486963 TI - Design and clinical utility of a fan beam collimator for SPECT imaging of the head. AB - A long bore fan beam collimator for imaging the head was designed and constructed for a SPECT system with a rotating scintillation camera. In order to avoid the patient's shoulder during rotation of the camera with a thick camera housing, the long bore design is necessary to allow the collimator to get close to the patient's head for improved spatial resolution. Operating at the minimum radius of rotation, the prototype fan beam collimator provides about the same spatial resolution as the high resolution collimator, while the geometric efficiency is equal to approximately 85% of that of the general purpose and approximately 55% higher than the high resolution collimator. Images from a phantom study demonstrate good image quality and are void of artifacts. Comparative clinical studies on temporomandibular joints (TMJ) between the LEGP and fan beam collimators also confirm the superior image quality obtained with the fan beam collimator. PMID- 3486964 TI - Preparation of oxygen-15 butanol for positron tomography. AB - Butanol was labeled with 15O using the reaction of tri-n-butyl borane with oxygen gas. The carrier-added synthesis and purification was accomplished in 4 min from the end of bombardment. The efficiency of radiolabel incorporation was 50%. The procedure described will produce [15O]butanol in an amount and quality sufficient for positron tomographic use. This compound is immediately useful for blood flow measurement based upon previous validation of butanol labeled with other radionuclides for that purpose. PMID- 3486965 TI - Occupational and sex differences in smoking and smoking cessation. AB - Occupational and sex differences in the prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation, and attempts to quit smoking were studied cross-sectionally among employees of ten work sites (N = 3035). Comparisons by sex, occupation, and work site, controlling for age, were made using analysis of covariance. For both sexes, smoking prevalence was highest among blue collar workers and lowest among professionals. Successful cessation was most prevalent among professionals. At all occupational levels, smoking prevalence was higher in women than men. Although men were more likely to be exsmokers, no significant sex differences were found in the rate of recent cessation. Also, significant differences between work sites were found in the prevalences of smoking and overall cessation and in quit rates in the last two years. The high prevalence of smoking and the low interest in quitting among blue collar respondents indicate an important target for future work site interventions. PMID- 3486966 TI - Response of preterm infants to DTP immunization. PMID- 3486967 TI - Multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b causing meningitis: comparative clinical and laboratory study. AB - Thirty-five patients with meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b were admitted to our hospital from January 1981 to December 1984; 60% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, 65.7% to chloramphenicol, and 57% to both antibiotics. No significant differences in age, sex, previous treatment, clinical symptoms, outcome, and mortality were found between the 20 patients whose strains were resistant to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol and the other 15 patients whose strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, or both. Alternative therapeutic agents were a combination of carbenicillin and gentamicin and new cephalosporins. At present, cefotaxime is our treatment of choice for meningitis caused by H. influenzae type b. PMID- 3486968 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia: an emerging pathogen in chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 3486969 TI - Elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. PMID- 3486970 TI - Ineffectiveness of body mass indices for the evaluation of neonate nutritional status. PMID- 3486971 TI - Drug use in an alternative high school. PMID- 3486972 TI - Adolescent drug use in three small rural communities in the Rocky Mountain region. PMID- 3486973 TI - Social skills and the stress-protective role of social support. AB - Cross-sectional analyses of data collected from a large sample of incoming college freshmen were used to determine whether the perceived availability of social support protects persons from stress-induced depressive affect; whether social competence, social anxiety, and self-disclosure are responsible for the stress-protective effect of perceived social support; and whether these social skill measures discriminate among persons for whom support will help, hinder, or be ineffective in the face of stress. Prospective analyses based on the original testing (beginning of school year) and 11- and 22-week follow-ups of a randomly selected subsample were used to determine how the same social skill factors influence the development and maintenance of support perceptions and of friendships. Evidence is provided for a stress-buffering role of the perceived availability of social support. The stress-buffering effect is unaffected by controls for the possible stress-protective influences of social anxiety, social competence, and self-disclosure. Although these social skill factors do not discriminate among persons for whom support will help, hinder, or be ineffective, they are prospectively predictive of the development of both social support and friendship formation. These prospective relations between social skills and the development of perceived availability of social support are only partly mediated by number of friends. PMID- 3486974 TI - The histopathology of silicone elastomer implant failure in podiatric surgery. PMID- 3486975 TI - Rheumatology perspectives. Part II: therapeutics. Interview by Terrance Mueller. PMID- 3486976 TI - Isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 11. L-homocysteine-ATP S-C5' covalent adducts as inhibitors of rat methionine adenosyltransferases. AB - The title compounds (14a,b) were 5' epimers of a derivative of a phosphonate isostere of ATP in which the CH2OP alpha system of ATP was replaced by CH(R)CH2P alpha [R = L-S(CH2)2CH(NH2)CO2H]. They resisted synthesis via attempted S alkylation of the corresponding epimeric 5'-mercapto derivatives. A practicable route to 14a,b commenced with Michael condensation of L-homocysteine with the diphenyl ester of the 5',6'-vinyl phosphonate analogue of 2',3'-O isopropylideneadenosine 5'-phosphate. The resulting epimeric 5' thioethers were separated by reverse-phase HPLC. The two phenyl groups were replaced by benzyl groups, after which the alpha-amino acid residue was protected as an N-Boc methyl ester. Both benzyl groups were removed by hydrogenolysis, and the resulting phosphonic acid was converted into its pyrophosphoryl derivative. Blocking groups were then removed under conditions that furnished 14a and 14b without racemization of their L-amino acid residues. Also synthesized were the P beta-NH P gamma imido analogue (15a) of 14a and the sulfoxide derivative (16a) of 14a. The structures of 14a and 16a were verified by FAB mass spectra, which revealed the protonated molecular ions of their sodium salts. All adducts appeared to function as dual substrate site inhibitors (competitive to ATP and to methionine) of the rat normal tissue (MAT-2) form of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT); 14a and 15a [KM(ATP)/Ki = 4 and 9, respectively] were the most effective. Adduct 15a was the most effective inhibitor [KM(ATP)/Ki = 13] of the MAT-T form from rat hepatoma tissue; the kinetic data indicated dual-site inhibition by 15a with apparently complete coverage of the ATP site and incomplete coverage of the methionine site. The inhibition properties of the adducts indicated little preference in the order in which the two MAT forms bound ATP and methionine. PMID- 3486977 TI - Familial polyposis coli: growth characteristics of karyotypically variable cultured fibroblasts, response to epidermal growth factor and the tumour promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. AB - Growth in low serum and cell saturation density was investigated in 20 skin fibroblast cultures from 17 patients with the autosomal dominant cancer prone condition, familial polyposis coli (FPC). Compared with non-fetal control cultures, the grouped FPC cultures showed significantly better growth in low serum and approximately 30% increase in saturation density. Neither of these properties was correlated with high tetraploidy or clonal rearrangement of the chromosomes. No difference in response to epidermal growth factor was demonstrable between cultures from normal and affected subjects. The tumour promoter, 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), had no differential effect on growth in high and low density cultures of FPC and normal cells in short term experiments; both cell types displayed a biphasic response to the agent at low cell density. However, in long term experiments FPC skin cultures showed growth stimulation and greater resistance to the toxic effects of TPA than normal cells. Cells from both fetal and non-fetal controls as well as from FPC subjects displayed anchorage independent growth after treatment with TPA, but in general FPC cultures from skin and colon responded to a greater extent than non-fetal controls. Marked change in tetraploidy after treatment was evident only in those FPC and control cultures which were highly chromosomally abnormal. Both groups showed a slight increase in stable and unstable chromosome rearrangements with treatment but one FPC culture became totally chromosomally abnormal and cloned in agar with high efficiency, as did one of the treated fetal controls which, however, had normal chromosomes. PMID- 3486978 TI - Different susceptibility of various T-dependent immune reactions after in vivo administration of cyclosporin A in mice. AB - The suppressive effects of Cyclosporin A (Cs A) on various types of T-dependent immune reactions, including delayed footpad reaction (DFR), plaque-forming cells (PFC), and cell-mediated cytolysis (CMC), were compared after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of this drug into mice immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with chicken erythrocytes (CRBC). A single injection with a high dosage of 500 mg/kg, at the time of the antigen administration suppressed only the PFC, but not the DFR and CMC. Three low dosage injections of 50 mg/kg the day before, on, and after the immunization also induced suppression of PFC. In this treatment, a dose of 100 mg/kg had a marked affect on PFC and CMC. DFR was slightly suppressed with a dose of 100 mg/kg, but markedly so with a dose of 200 mg/kg. This indicates that PFC is very sensitive to Cs A, CMC is moderately sensitive, and DFR is relatively resistant. The injections of Cs A close to the time of antigen administration are more effective than before or after. Thus it is indicated that the 3 types of reactions differ in their susceptibility to Cs A. It might be speculated that the susceptibility to Cs A varies among the types of T cells responsible for these 3 immune reactions, although this is only one of several possibilities. PMID- 3486979 TI - Detection of antibodies in sera from patients with Opisthorchiasis. AB - The indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA) was used for detection of antibodies in sera of patients with Opisthorchiasis. Antibodies to fluke worm and egg antigens were detected in 166 of 205 (81%) patients. The test showed that only the IgG class of antibodies reacting exclusively with integumental wall of the worm (AW) were positive in 46.8% (96/205), reacting only with the wall of intact eggs in 11 out of 205 (5.4%) and antibodies to both fluke and their egg antigens were present in 28.8% (59/205). In addition, 5.4% (11/205) of patients' sera were positive for autoantibodies producing a speckled antinuclear antibodies (ANA) pattern. The sera positive for only AW contained detectable autoantibodies to other cell antigens including: anti-smooth muscle antibodies of 9.4% (9/96), antimitochondrial antibodies of 3.1% (3/96), anti-liver/kidney microsomes of 1% (1/96) and anti-parietal cell antibodies of 1% (1/96). Autoantibodies were undetectable in sera from normal subjects. Among the ANA positive sera, 55% (6/11) exhibited antibodies against an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) by a tanned red cell hemagglutination assay. This finding may suggest that the autoantibody response was due to the cross reaction between worm antigen and self antigen or it may be the result of polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes in these patients. PMID- 3486980 TI - Quantitative determination of anti-A-dependent cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - A simple test is suggested for the quantitative measurement of the cytotoxic activity of human peripheral monocytes. Adherent cells are separated from non adherent cells in the wells of the microtiter plates, thus tedious resuspension of effector cells can be omitted. Effector cell number is accurately determined by isotope labelling. Maximum of cytotoxic activity is measured in the enzyme like kinetic model of cytotoxicity as a function of target cell number. It was found that 34.2-51.2% of unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were adherent. More than 80% of these were shown to be monocytes by monoclonal antibodies and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining. Depletion of SRBC rosette forming cells prior to adherence (PBMC, E-) resulted in enrichment of adherent cells (61.3-82.8%), which were exclusively monocytes. Cytotoxic activity of both adherent populations (PBMC and PBMC, E-) for human red blood cells sensitized with anti-A was determined experimentally and also extrapolated by using the Michaelis-Menten equation. It was estimated that one monocyte was able to lyse more than 4 erythrocytes. PMID- 3486981 TI - In vitro effects of straight-chain alkanes (n-hexane through n-dodecane) on rat liver and lung cytochrome P-450. AB - To evaluate the effect of straight-chain alkanes on normal detoxication reactions, we studied the in vitro effect of the homologous series n-hexane through n-dodecane on two cytochrome P-450 (EC 1.14.14.1) enzyme activities. Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BaPOHase) and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities were measured in liver and lung microsomes of control and beta-naphthoflavone treated rats. In the presence of 2 mM n-hexane through n-dodecane, liver BaPOHase activity decreased from 67% of control with n-dodecane to 21% of control with octane. Lung benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase was insensitive to all tested alkanes at 2 mM. In the presence of 2 mM alkanes, liver 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity decreased from 73% of control with n-octane to 28% with n-octane. Lung 7 ethoxycoumarin deethylase was also sensitive to the alkane series. In the presence of 2 mM alkane the greatest effect was obtained with n-octane and represented a 56% loss in activity. Alkane concentration-dependence measurements showed 0.02-0.20 mM as the sensitive region of the curve for n-octane with maximal loss of activity achieved at 0.20 mM. Liver ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats was less sensitive towards the reactive alkane, n-octane, than the activity from control rats. Double-reciprocal plot analysis revealed the maximal velocity (Vmax) was decreased in the presence of 0.2 mM n-octane. Hence this hydrocarbon did not exert its effect solely as an alternate substrate. The data show the n-alkanes, n-hexane through n-dodecane, interfered with a normal detoxication pathway in a manner that was chainlength dependent, tissue-specific, and dependent on the preexposure history of the animal. PMID- 3486982 TI - Blinding malnutrition in rural Bangladesh. PMID- 3486983 TI - Group C adenovirus DNA sequences in human lymphoid cells. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy adults, cord blood lymphocytes, and lymphoblastoid cell lines were screened by hybridization for the presence of group C adenovirus DNA sequences. In 13 of 17 peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from adults, 1 of 10 cord blood samples, and seven of seven lymphoblastoid cell lines tested, results were positive for Group C adenovirus DNA (adenovirus 1 [Ad1], Ad2, Ad5, or Ad6). About 1 to 2% of the lymphocytes carried 50 to 100 viral genome copies per positive cell, as estimated by in situ hybridization. Infectious virus representing all members of group C were recovered, but cultivation in the presence of adenovirus antibody did not cure the cells of free viral genomes. Viral DNA was found in B, T, and N cells but only in 1 of 10 cord blood samples. The results suggest that group C adenovirus infections in childhood result in the persistence of the viral genome in circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 3486985 TI - HTLV-III/LAV antibodies in contacts of hemophiliacs. PMID- 3486984 TI - Ureteral infection stones. AB - We report a case of recurrent urinary tract infections owing to culture proved ureteral infection stones. Although ureteral catheterization studies unilaterally localized the infection to the upper urinary tract, the direct immunofluorescence antibody test indicative of upper tract infection was negative. The patient was cured of persistent urinary tract infection by antibiotics, ureterolithotomy, resection of the stenotic ureteral segment and ureteroureterostomy. PMID- 3486987 TI - [Difference in thymus-dependence among various T cells in contact sensitivity with picryl chloride in mice]. PMID- 3486986 TI - [The treatment of postherpetic neuralgia by electric stimulation of the Gasserian ganglion]. PMID- 3486988 TI - [Immunosuppressive effect and mode of action of cyclosporin A (Cy A) and mizoribine (MZR) on humoral immune response in mice]. PMID- 3486989 TI - [Cerebral circulation and metabolism in cerebral infarction of the middle cerebral artery territory--a positron CT study with HEADTOME III and 15O labeled gases]. PMID- 3486990 TI - [Leg muscle perfusion study using T1-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)]. PMID- 3486991 TI - [A new method for phase analysis in gated blood pool emission computed tomography (GPECT)]. PMID- 3486992 TI - [Quantitative representation of stress 201Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3486993 TI - Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in prenatal and postnatal human livers: comparison of human liver 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylases with rat liver enzymes. AB - Human liver samples from 17 embryos, 5 fetuses, 5 infants and 4 adults were used to investigate human liver cytochrome P-450-dependent 7-alkoxycoumarin O dealkylase activities, and their drug-metabolizing activities were compared to those of rat livers. The O-dealkylase activities in human embryos and fetuses were very low, although detectable, similar to those in fetal rats. Both male and female rats showed a postnatal increase of hepatic O-dealkylase activities with a maximum at about 30-40 days after birth and then a decline in the activities which was marked in female rats. Adult female rats showed a marked decrease in the hepatic enzyme activity observed in the O-depropylation reaction rather than the O-demethylation and O-deethylation reactions. During the developmental period of human infants, the O-demethylase activity, but not O-depropylase activity, increased gradually. Enzymes in adult human livers metabolize the O-methyl derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin in preference to the O-ethyl and O-propyl derivatives. The metabolic activities of human adult enzymes for 7-alkoxycoumarin resembled those in adult female rats and were quite different from those in male rats. The study demonstrated that caution must be exercised in extrapolating pharmacological results from animal to man in the field of drug metabolism. PMID- 3486995 TI - Effect of active vitamin D3 analogs on the bone disorder caused by severe exercise in rats. PMID- 3486994 TI - [Interleukin-2 production by pulmonary lymphocytes and interleukin-1 production by alveolar macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3486996 TI - Colony-stimulating factor produced by murine adrenocortical tumor cells. AB - Conditioned medium obtained from the adrenocortical LAF1 mouse tumor (Y-1) cell cultures was able to stimulate the proliferation and the differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage precursors in the normal murine bone marrow. Colony stimulating factor (CSF) was spontaneously produced by Y-1 cells also in serum free cultures. By two cycles of gel chromatography on Sephadex G-150 of concentrated conditioned medium two peaks of colony-stimulating activity were isolated that corresponded to apparent molecular radii of 100,000 and 29,000, respectively. At this step of purification, the two factors gave a similar dose response curve, showed a remarkable resistance to the heat treatment and pH changes, and were not extracted by ether. Because Y-1 cells resulted in infection by retrovirus, they provide a useful model to investigate the relations between viral coded information and CSF production. PMID- 3486997 TI - High levels of Met-72 antigen expression: correlation with metastatic activity of B16 melanoma tumor cell variants. AB - In the present study, both poorly and highly metastatic clones derived from the C57BL/6 mouse B16 melanoma were used with cyclophosphamide in an attempt to elicit host antibody responses against cell surface markers expressed on highly metastatic tumor variants. The immunizations, performed in both syngeneic and xenogeneic combinations in Lewis rats, resulted in the production of 3 mouse and 2 rat monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) that preferentially react with highly metastatic clones derived from the B16 melanoma. These MoAb all immunoprecipitated a 72,000-dalton, cell surface-expressed glycoprotein, referred to as Met-72. In this study, 2 of the mouse anti-Met-72 MoAb were examined in detail for a) tumor specificity, b) reactivity against normal mouse tissue by in vivo absorption, and c) their ability to discriminate highly metastatic clones derived from the B16 melanoma. PMID- 3486998 TI - [Pathogenesis of granulomatous lung diseases]. PMID- 3486999 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation before and after surgical intervention]. PMID- 3487000 TI - [Treatment of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages in an urban specialized surgical center]. PMID- 3487001 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in pancreatic cysts and fistulas]. PMID- 3487002 TI - [Cellular immunity in patients with frequently recurring erysipelas]. PMID- 3487004 TI - A five-year study of intestinal parasites in Charleston, South Carolina. PMID- 3487003 TI - Attachment of Pneumocystis carinii to rat pneumocytes. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were immunosuppressed by subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate for 8 weeks to induce Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Rats were killed with ether, their lungs were filled in situ with cold glutaraldehyde, and sections were examined by transmission electron microscopy. P. carinii trophozoites were observed in lungs for as long as 6 weeks after cessation of corticosteroid injections. Trophozoites were attached most frequently to type I pneumocytes but were seen on several occasions to be attached to type II pneumocytes. In attachment, trophozoites in contact with alveolar epithelial cells produced cytoplasmic modifications of three basic forms: one was an invagination of parasite surface to pinch cytoplasmic extensions on the surface of the epithelial cells. A second was an extension that was inserted into a crevice of the host surface and enlarged at the tip to form an anchor. The third was an extension that remained pointed at the tip and was recurved to form a hook. None of these modifications was seen on the surface of the trophozoites. Filopodia did not appear to be involved in attachment but were seen on both attached and lumenal surfaces of the trophozoites. Trophozoites and cysts were also observed to be partially or completely enveloped by extensions of the host cell's cytoplasm. In these instances, parasites had rounded surfaces but appeared viable. No fusion of cell membranes between parasite and host cells was ever seen. These observations may help explain why P. carinii can attach tenaciously to lung epithelium without cell-membrane fusion, production of a glycocalyx, or invasion of host cells. PMID- 3487005 TI - The incidence of morbus Scheuermann in sportsmen. PMID- 3487006 TI - Cardiac surgery in the octogenarian. AB - Seventy-six consecutive patients, aged 80 to 89 (mean 82), underwent cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Hypothermia (22 degrees C) and hyperkalemic cardioplegia were used in each. There were 35 men and 41 women. Thirteen patients (17%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III and 62 patients (81%) were in Class IV preoperatively. Coronary bypass procedures (Group I) were performed in 38 patients, of whom five had combined carotid endarterectomy. The average number of grafts was 3.7 per patient. There were two early deaths (5.2%). Single or double valve replacement, without coronary bypass (Group II), was done in 15 patients, with one early death (6.6%). Coronary bypass and valve procedures (Group III) were performed in 23 patients with seven early deaths (30%). Total early mortality was 10 deaths in 76 patients (13%). Of the 66 (87%) 30 day survivors, 19 (29.1%) had major postoperative complications, including bleeding, pericardial tamponade, sternal dehiscence, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and pump failure. Mean hospital stay was 23 days (9 to 117 days). Late cardiac-related deaths occurred in eight patients (9%) during the 58 (mean 28) months of follow-up. Thus combined early and late mortality was 18 deaths (24%). Mortality at any time was related to Functional Class IV status (17/18 deaths, 94% in Class IV); combined procedures (12/28 patients died, 43%); use of intra-aortic balloon pumping (8/13 patients died, 62%); and postoperative bleeding necessitating reoperation (4/6 patients died, 67%). At follow-up 84% of survivors had improved by one or more functional classes, and there was a low incidence of cardiac-related late deaths. This experience supports the concept that in octogenarians the indications for operation should be as for other patients of less advanced age, especially in those with isolated coronary artery disease and pure valve disease. Operation should not be delayed, so that these patients will not advance to higher-risk Class IV status preoperatively. PMID- 3487007 TI - Lymphokine activated killing of fresh human leukaemias. AB - The relative susceptibility of 10 human leukaemias comprising acute phase leucocytes from 5 acute myeloid and 5 lymphoid neoplasms, and 2 immunoblastic lymphomas to killing by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), before and after target cell treatment with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and by interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was investigated in short term 51Cr release assays using effector cells from 10 allogeneic donors. Optimal lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) was verified against K562 and L1210 cells and lymphokine-activated killing (LAK) against K562 and Daudi cells. Under these conditions, the majority of the leukaemias tested revealed only a finite sensitivity to any of the cytotoxic mechanisms, which was dependent on the donor origin of the effectors. The leukaemias were more consistently susceptible to LDCC than LAK and removal of adherent cells to enrich for the latter activity in effector populations, was ineffective. Lymphocytes from a patient in long term (greater than 5 yr) remission exhibited LAK against the autologous target E84, a natural killer (NK)-sensitive acute myelomonocytic leukaemia. These cells failed to cross-compete for lysis of K562 by LAK cells, suggesting the existence of different recognition structure(s) on the two targets. PMID- 3487008 TI - The peripheral T-cell lymphomas come of age. PMID- 3487009 TI - Studies on the age-related decline in the response of lymphoid cells to mitogens: measurements of concanavalin A binding and stimulation of calcium and sugar uptake in thymocytes from rats of varying ages. AB - We have previously demonstrated that mitogenic response of rat thymocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) declines with age (Segal, Troen and Ingbar, Thymus, in press). To elucidate the mechanism underlying this process, we have examined the effect of age on Con A binding and stimulation of calcium and sugar uptake in thymocytes from rats varying in age from 10 to 360 days. Binding of Con A by thymocytes remained unchanged with advancing age. Basal uptake of the glucose analogue 2-[3H]deoxyglucose (2-DG) by rat thymocytes declined with age, becoming significantly lower than maximal values (26 days) at 4 months of age. While the proportionate increase in thymocyte 2-DG uptake produced by Con A remained essentially unchanged. However, because of the decline in basal 2-DG uptake, total uptake of 2-DG in the presence of Con A decreased with age becoming significantly lower than maximal values at 4 months. Basal calcium-45 uptake by thymocytes was practically the same in all the age-groups studied, except at 21 days, where, as with basal 2-DG uptake, it was markedly smaller, But the stimulatory effect of Con A on 45Ca uptake declined progressively with age and was nil at 360 days. From these observations I suggest that the age-related decline in the responsiveness of rat thymocytes to Con A does not result from a change in the binding of Con A by the lymphoid cell, but from, at least in part, a decrease in its cellular stimulation of calcium and sugar uptake. PMID- 3487010 TI - Medical and psychiatric determinants of outpatient medical utilization. AB - Ninety-two general medical outpatients were surveyed with an interview, questionnaires, and a medical record review to investigate the relationships among psychiatric disorder (depression and hypochondriasis), somatic symptoms, medical morbidity, and the utilization of ambulatory medical services. Medical utilization correlated with the number of somatic symptoms reported (r = 0.49, P = 0.0001), depressive symptoms (r = 0.34, P = 0.001), and the number of medical diagnoses in the medical record. Somatic symptoms were not significantly correlated with the number of medical diagnoses, but were related to hypochondriacal attitudes (r = 0.52, P = 0.0001) and depression (r = 0.51, P = 0.0001). In stepwise multiple regressions, the number of medical diagnoses accounted for 33% of the variance in medical utilization. Somatic symptoms were the second most powerful predictor, increasing R2 to 0.469. The next best predictors were two hypochondriacal attitudes and the presence of a major psychiatric diagnosis in the medical record. This five-step model explained 56% of the variance. Somatic symptoms are thus powerful determinants of medical utilization, even after controlling for medical morbidity. Depression, disease fear, and bodily preoccupation are also important predictors of utilization. Somatic symptoms are a final common pathway through which emotional disturbance, psychiatric disorder, and organ pathology all express themselves, and which prompt patients to visit doctors. PMID- 3487012 TI - The influence of immune status on the in vitro sensitivity of serotoninergic receptors in the rat stomach strip. AB - Serotoninergic contractions of the rat stomach strip were evoked and EC50 determined. In preparations from control animals MDP, 50 mumol/l, decreased EC50 or sensitized the preparation. In the strips from animals where adjuvant arthritis was induced, higher sensitivity to 5-HT was observed and the sensitizing effect of MDP was retained. In the strips from animals pretreated with cyclophosphamide or in the terminal stage of tumor growth lower sensitivity to 5-HT, which could be further decreased by MDP, were noticed. These opposite effects in serotoninergic reactions were tentatively linked with the modulation of the immune status in vivo. PMID- 3487011 TI - Overwhelming pneumonia. AB - Overwhelming pneumonia may be caused by a large number of different organisms in both immunocompetent and compromised hosts. In this article, the most common etiologies of overwhelming pneumonia are considered from an epidemiologic and clinical point of view. PMID- 3487013 TI - Studies on the biological properties of purified and recombinant human interleukin-1. AB - The human interleukin-1 (IL-1) family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many disease processes and also functions as mediator of the host's response to various infectious, inflammatory and immunologic challenges. Recombinant human 7 IL-1 is being used to confirm the multiple biological properties of IL-1s, but there is still considerable investigation required before the specific activities (biological units/mg protein) can be established. Many IL-1-mediated responses can be traced to well over 600 million years of evolution and hepatic acute protein syntheses are examples of IL-1 activities which pre-date the evolution of lymphocytes. IL-1 increases the concentration of metabolites of arachidonic acid, most notably PGE2, in brain, muscle, chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts, and hence plays a role in local tissue inflammation and disease processes. The cloning and expression of human IL-1 gene products has enabled clinical investigators to expand the role of IL-1 in various diseases through improved detection systems and by use of cDNA or cRNA probes. In addition, there may be a role for IL-1 as an immunomodulator and therapeutic agent in certain patients, and in normal individuals as an enhancing substance for immunization with protein antigens. PMID- 3487014 TI - Inhibitory action of cyclosporin A on the early events of T cell activation: effects on T cell-independent production of IL1 and on IL1-dependent expression of reactivity to IL2. AB - Cyclosporin A (CsA) has a selective immunosuppressive effect on T cell functions, but its mode of action on IL1 activities and production remain unclear and controversial. While it has been documented that CsA has a profound effect on the ability of IL1 to promote IL2 production, its effects on the ability of IL1 to promote IL2-responsiveness are not known. Macrophage-depleted nylon wool non adherent thymocytes (NATs) were preincubated for 6 h with or without IL1 in the presence of a wide range of concentrations of CsA (1 ng/ml-1 microgram/ml), washed and then pulsed with Con A. After washings in medium with alpha-MM, the capacity of NATs to proliferate in response to IL2 was determined. Both background and IL1-dependent acquisition of IL2-reactivity were inhibited by concentrations of CsA as low as 5 ng/ml. The effects of CsA (1 ng/ml-1 microgram/ml) on T cell-independent production of IL1 by irradiated, carrageenan stimulated peritoneal macrophages were also examined. Up to 50 ng/ml CsA had no effect on IL1 production but higher concentrations produced a dose-dependent inhibition that was complete at 1 microgram/ml. These results show that CsA inhibits both T cell-independent production of IL1 and IL1-dependent expression of reactivity to IL2. PMID- 3487015 TI - The immunoenhancing effect of cianidanol (C) on macrophages and on the T-cell system. AB - Substance C [(+)-catechin; (+)-cyanidanol-3)], which has been used for liver therapy since 1976, showed efficient immunostimulating properties in studies undertaken to investigate its mode of action. The compound had a significant effect on activation of macrophages, cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells in mice in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited leukocyte migration in the presence of an antigen by 10.5%. Substance C significantly increased spontaneous lymphocyte transformation and spontaneous pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-induced immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. Furthermore, it exerted a stimulating effect on lymphocyte PHA-reactivity. In patients with HBV-positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH) it increased the ratio of OK4/OK8 cells. Its efficacy is comparable to that of the known immunostimulator inosine. The effect of cianidanol upon rosette formation in patients suffering from chronic liver diseases and healthy controls is qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to that of levamisole. The results of these studies are presented and discussed in regard to its efficacy in the therapy of HBsAG(+) and HBeAG(+) hepatitis. PMID- 3487016 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the immunocompetent cells. AB - This paper deals with the immunosuppressive effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2, D3), a metabolic product which acts in vivo as the active form vitamin D3. Dose and time of exposure-dependent suppressive effects were demonstrated in vitro on PHA blastogenesis of mononuclear cells, IL-2 production of T cells and IL-1 production of macrophages when these human immunocytes were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Addition of exogenous IL-1 and IL-2 partially abrogated the suppressive effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on IL-2 production and PHA blastogenesis, respectively. Thus, it is suggested that inhibition of PHA blastogenesis results from the reduced production of such growth factors in this IL-1 -IL-2 cascade system. PWM-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis of B cells was also markedly inhibited by 1,25(OH)2 D3, which was caused not only by direct suppression toward B cells but also by indirect suppression due to reduced helper factor from T cells when these cells were treated with 1,25(OH)2 D3. It is proposed that 1,25(OH)2D3 may act as one of the immunoregulatory factors in vivo, in addition to its well-known action in calcium metabolism. PMID- 3487018 TI - Primary cutaneous lymphoma of the head and neck. AB - One hundred three patients with Stage I and II extranodal primary lymphomas of the head and neck were reviewed. Six patients (5%) presented with cutaneous lesions, five with single site and one with multiple sites of involvement. Histopathology was malignant lymphoma (ML) large cell (3), ML small cleaved cell (1), ML small lymphocytic (1), and ML mixed large and small cell (1). Five of six patients relapsed following initial treatment. Four patients were treated with primary radiation therapy, three of which had relapses outside the treatment area. One patient was treated with intralesional steroid injection and also recurred outside the treated area. One patient was treated with radiation and chemotherapy and recurred outside the treatment area. Three patients are alive without disease, two died of disseminated disease, and one died of unrelated causes. Isolated cutaneous presentation of head and neck lymphoma is uncommon. Radiation therapy appears to have been curative in one patient with localized disease. Four patients recurred outside the radiation portals despite careful staging, suggesting that systemic therapy may be necessary for disease control. PMID- 3487017 TI - Histamine as endogenous immunomodulator. AB - Histamine induces the T-cell dependent production of both suppressive and enhancing factor via its interaction with H2-receptors. This could be shown by the transfer of cells or crude lymphokine preparations after in vitro histamine treatment into recipient mice, which were characterized with respect to their humoral immune response. The effective histamine concentrations differed remarkably among different mouse strains which indicates a complex regulatory network. The combined in vitro/in vivo approach as performed in these experiments leads to the conclusion that histamine may act as a suppressive as well as an enhancing immunomodulator on the humoral immune response in vivo. PMID- 3487019 TI - Modulation of mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation by cerebral neocortex. AB - The influence of the cerebral neocortex on the immunological status was studied in groups of C3H/He mice after lesioning the right or left fronto-parietal cortex. In left lesioned mice, mitogenesis induced either by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A) was depressed by about 50% compared to controls. On the contrary, in animals with right lesions, T cell mitogenesis was enhanced by about 140% as compared to controls and by 220-300% as compared to that observed in left lesioned animals. Mitogenesis of B cells induced by lipopolysaccharide was modified by cortical lesions in exactly the same way as that of T cell proliferation although not reaching statistical significance. These results confirm the lateralization in the cortical modulation of the immune system. PMID- 3487020 TI - Effects of high levels of dietary fats on the growth of azaserine-induced foci in the rat pancreas. AB - Azaserine induced two phenotypically different populations of foci, namely, acidophilic and basophilic foci. The effects of dietary modification during the post-initiation phase of carcinogenesis were examined. A diet of 20% (w/w) unsaturated fat (unsat) compared to a 20% saturated fat (sat) diet or a control diet (5% unsaturated fat) increased the number of acidophilic foci, as well as the thymidine labeling index (LI) of their nuclei. While the basophilic foci are carcinogen-induced and at 2.5 mo post-initiation have a similarly high growth rate to the acidophilic foci, this rate is not sustained as indicated by examination of both the LI and mean size of foci at 4 mo post-initiation. PMID- 3487021 TI - Characterization of effector cells in lymphocytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes in HBsAg-positive and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH). AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets involved in cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes have been characterized by isolation on antibody-coated Petri dishes in autoimmune and HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH). In autoimmune CAH and in HBsAg-positive CAH without HBcAg in liver tissue, cytotoxicity is sustained by non-T lymphocytes and is confined to M1-positive cells bearing Fc receptors: M1 cytotoxicity inhibition by adding aggregated IgG suggests that these cells are responsible for an antibody-dependent cell-mediated mechanism (ADCC). Moreover, when T-enriched fractions were separated in T4, T8 and 5/9 positive subsets, only the first one showed a significant cytotoxicity: T4 positive cells might act as cytotoxic T cells or might be involved in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HBsAg-positive CAH with HBcAg in liver tissue are confined in T8 positive subset, while helper/inducer T cells (T4 positive or 5/9 positive) seem to play an important role only in the induction of cell-mediated injury against hepatocytes. The inhibition of T cell-cytotoxicity by preincubating liver cells with monoclonal antibody (Mab) anti-HLA AB and not with Mab anti-HLA DR or aggregated IgG supports the involvement of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expressed on the hepatocyte surface. PMID- 3487023 TI - Third-generation cephalosporins resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Seven clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins were investigated in order to assess the role played in resistance by permeability barrier and by beta-lactamase production. The addition of subinhibitory concentrations of EDTA increased susceptibility to ceftriaxone in five strains showing that the permeability barrier is involved. All strains produced different amounts of beta-lactamases that were always increased by cefoxitin induction. Hydrolytic activity of investigated enzymes varied in different cephalosporins; ceftriaxone and ceftazidime are the most stable compounds. PMID- 3487022 TI - The copy number of Bacillus plasmid pRBH1 is negatively controlled by RepB protein. AB - The replication control mechanism of Bacillus plasmid pRBH1 was analysed; pRBH1 contains four promoters, P1 to P4, and a large inverted repeat (63 base pairs) upstream of the protein (RepB) coding sequence. The stem and loop structure is surrounded by two promoters, P1 and P3, with different directions of transcription. One base substitution in the loop structure caused a change in copy number. Since the P1 promoter is located upstream of the replication origin of pRBH1, the transcript from the P1 promoter might serve as the primer of DNA replication. In vivo transcription from the P1 promoter was repressed by a trans acting plasmid gene product. Since the RepB protein is involved in copy number control and RepB contains the consensus amino acid sequence of DNA binding proteins, RepB was thought to be the repressor. It was concluded from these data that the inverted repeat is involved in the control of copy number of the plasmid pRBH1. The RepB protein also contains two regions highly homologous with the Rom protein encoded on Escherichia coli plasmid ColE1. The possible mechanism for the copy number control of the plasmid via RepB protein and/or RNAs is discussed. PMID- 3487024 TI - Studies on regional cerebral haematocrit and blood flow in patients with cerebral tumours using positron emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral haematocrit has been measured in seven patients with brain tumours, and in one normal subject, using positron emission tomography (PET). Red cell and plasma volumes of distribution were assessed using 11CO and [methyl 11C]albumin, respectively. Haematocrit values were compared with values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured using steady-state inhalation of C15O2. Only two of the seven cerebral tumours studied showed any increase in uptake of [methyl-11C]albumin over 45 min. Values of r, the regional ratio of cerebral small-to-large vessel haematocrit, varied from 0.52 to 0.84 for the seven tumours studied. No correlation between r and tumour blood flow was observed. The normal subject yielded an r value of 0.69 for the mean whole brain small-to-large vessel haematocrit ratio. No significant difference between gray and white matter r values was found. The contralateral hemispheres of the seven tumour patients studied yielded an overall mean r value of 0.71 +/- 0.05. We conclude that it is reasonable to assume an r value of 0.7 in tomographic calculations of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) from red cell or plasma volumes of distribution in normal brain. Such an assumption for tumours, however, may lead to errors of 35% in estimated rCBV. PMID- 3487025 TI - Multiply-antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Western Australia. PMID- 3487026 TI - Nicotine dependency. PMID- 3487027 TI - [Augmentation of the anti-tumor activity of regional lymph node lymphocytes and spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice by culture with T cell growth factor in vitro- a comparison of the intestinal cancer model and footpad cancer model]. AB - The anti-tumor activity of regional lymph node lymphocytes (RLNL) of DS mice bearing syngeneic carcinoma SC42 was observed both in intestinal cancer model and in footpad cancer model, while neither spleen cells (SPLC) nor distant lymph node lymphocytes showed any activity in Winn's tumor neutralizing test. This anti tumor activity of RLNL was tumor specific examining between SC42 and SC115. RLNL in both cancer models did not show any cytotoxic activity against SC42 measured by 51Cr release test. However, after 9 days of culture with lectin-free T cell growth factor (LF-TCGF), the cytotoxic activity against SC42 of RLNL was induced in both cancer models. Cultured SPLC showed the cytotoxic activity against SC42 only in intestinal cancer model. Any lymphocytes from normal mice showed no cytotoxic activity against SC42 after culture with LF-TCGF. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of cultured RLNL was tumor specific between SC42 and SC115, while that of cultured SPLC was non-specific. These results indicated that RLNL was immunologically important in tumor bearing host and the immunological significance of spleen was different between intestinal cancer and cancer of other sites. PMID- 3487028 TI - Biochemical characterization of the 9.3 antigens of human T-cells: simultaneous expression of disulfide-bonded 90-kilodalton dimers and free subunits at the cell surface. AB - Human T-lymphocytes express a heterogeneous family of 90/45-kilodalton (kDa) glycoproteins which bind the 9.3 monoclonal antibody. It was found in previous functional tests carried out with cultures of mononuclear cells or antigen specific T-cell clones that these glycoproteins have a specific receptor function in early T-cell activation [Gmunder and Lesslauer, Eur. J. Biochem. (1984); Ottenhoff et al., (1985)]; their membrane-biochemical properties are therefore investigated. By screening a number of lines, one continuously growing human T cell line, HPB-ALL, was identified which expresses the 9.3 antigens in a manner comparable to normal T-cells. Monomeric 45-kDa and dimeric disulfide-bonded 90 kDa forms are precipitated from alkylated surface-iodinated and [35S]methionine cysteine-labelled cells. The labelled tryptic fragments of surface-iodinated 9.3 antigens have isoelectric points of 4.8 (17-kDa), 4.8 (3-kDa) and 6.0 (17-kDa). By limited proteolysis the 45-kDa monomers are free subunits. The subunits of the 90-kDa dimer appear to be identical. The dimer and the free subunits coexist at the native cell surface and may be in dynamic chemical equilibrium. Human T-cells thus express--in addition to the T-cell antigen receptor--a further disulfide bonded 90-kDa (homo-) dimeric receptor molecule. PMID- 3487029 TI - Activated T-lymphocytes express class I molecules which are hyposialylated compared to other lymphocyte populations. AB - Various H-2 and Qa/Tla region encoded class I glycoproteins expressed on the surface of resting and activated T- and B-lymphocytes were compared by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The isoelectrophoretic patterns of the H-2K, H-2D, Qa-2 and Qa-1 molecules isolated from activated T lymphocytes were more isoelectrically heterogeneous and/or possessed species with a more basic pI than the same molecules isolated from resting T- and B-cells or activated B-lymphocytes. The differences in charge heterogeneity of class I molecules between activated T-cells and the other cell subpopulations were abolished by treatment with: (1) endoglycosidase F which removes N-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins, and (2) neuraminidase which removes sialic acids from carbohydrate side chains. Thus, the increased charged heterogeneity of class I molecules expressed by activated T-cells is due to altered sialylation of their N-linked oligosaccharides. These results indicate that a mechanism exists, upon activation of T-lymphocytes, for alteration (desialylation) of the carbohydrate moieties of class I molecules. PMID- 3487031 TI - Suppression of established IgE antibody responses with isologous anti-idiotypic antibodies in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs of strains 2 and 13 can produce isologous anti-idiotypic (aIds) antibodies against anti-benzylpenicilloyl (anti-BPO) IgG, following immunization with affinity-purified anti-BPO antibodies of the same strain. The specificity of aId was determined by inhibition of binding of aId to Fab(t) in ELISA. The results showed that the reaction of strain 2 (anti-BPO)aId can be inhibited with syngeneic anti-BPO Fab(t) and to a smaller degree with anti-BPO Fab(t) of strain 13. On the other hand, strain 13 (anti-BPO)aId reacted exclusively with syngeneic anti-BPO Fab(t). In both cases, binding of aId to anti-BPO Fab(t) could not be inhibited with BPO-epsilon-aminocaproic acid, indicating that these aId are not directed against the antigen-combining site. The effect of isologous aId on both short- and long-time established IgE responses was studied in guinea pigs of strain 13. In both situations, administration of isologous aId resulted in suppression of the anti-BPO IgE antibody response. The suppressive effect was antigen-specific and lasted for several weeks: in the case of an early-response IgE remained suppressed despite additional booster injections of antigen. In contrast to the IgE response, the production of anti-BPO IgG antibodies was only slightly affected. PMID- 3487032 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in heroin-cannabis, heroin and cannabis addicts. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in heroin-cannabis, heroin and cannabis addicts. The group of 84 subjects consisted of 42 controls, 16 heroin-cannabis addicts, 12 heroin addicts and 14 cannabis addicts. The mean number of SCEs/cell was 12.95 in heroin cannabis addicts, 12.05 in heroin addicts and 11.99 in cannabis addicts. These values are significantly (P less than 0.002) higher than the mean values found in controls. This increase in SCEs may be related to reduced DNA repair in chronic drug addicts, which would allow the fixation or retention of a greater fraction of the DNA lesions caused by normal environmental exposure. PMID- 3487030 TI - Localisation of the monocyte-binding region on human immunoglobulin G. AB - Earlier studies, which provided indirect evidence for the involvement of the C gamma 2 domain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human monocyte binding, have been extended to further localise the site of interaction on human IgG. A number of IgGs from several different species and fragments of human IgGs were assayed for ability to inhibit the interaction of radio-labelled human IgG and the human monocyte. By comparison of the amino-acid sequences of those IgGs found to exhibit relatively tight, intermediate or weak binding to human monocyte Fc receptors we are able to postulate a possible monocyte-binding site on human IgG. In addition, the results have implications for the applicability of monoclonal antibodies and antisera when used in the presence of human monocytes and possibly macrophages. PMID- 3487033 TI - Investigations of the influence of nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs on the rates of sister-chromatid exchange. AB - For detection of possible damage to genetic material due to nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs, a technique was used to determine sister-chromatid exchange rates. The SCE rates before and after therapeutic application of several nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs (diclofenac, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, isoxicam, ketoprofen, piroxicam, pirprofen, tiaprofenic acid) were determined in human lymphocytes in vivo. The cytogenetic investigations of these nonsteroidal antirheumatic agents did not reveal any genetic effects during a treatment period of two weeks. PMID- 3487034 TI - Disturbances of neural conduction in isolated frog nerves following exposure to strong electric fields. AB - Frog sciatic nerves were isolated and the middle portion of each exposed to condenser discharges (field strength up to 1000 V/cm; time constants 0.2-8.0 ms) through the bathing fluid. The ability of the nerve to propagate action potentials (AP) was examined by stimulating the proximal end and recording the AP from the distal end of the exposed section. The fraction of the nerve fibers remaining propagative was estimated from the amplitude (or the area) of the compound AP. Strong discharges brought about a total block of propagation lasting for up to 30 minutes, followed by slow, but almost complete, restitution. The restitution was exponential against time and depended on the field strength and duration of the discharge. Discharges equal in energy but different in their voltage--condenser combinations had markedly different actions, with stronger effects being found at higher voltages and vice versa. Hence, the described effects are unlikely to be caused by dissipation of thermal energy only. Other mechanisms (ionic imbalance, dielectric breakdown, punch through) are discussed. PMID- 3487036 TI - [Status report on the past 6 years since the introduction of the POS nursing record system]. PMID- 3487037 TI - Biotechnology companies. T cells' turn to ride high. PMID- 3487035 TI - Immunomodulation by Histoplasma capsulatum products; polyclonal activation and mitogenic effects. AB - The presence of reactive spleen cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in nonimmunized BALB/c mice injected with histoplasmin, the culture filtrate of Histoplasma capsulatum, was monitored for 21 days following inoculation. Polyclonal activation, as evidenced by a sharp increase in the number of anti SRBC rosette-forming cells (RFC), as well as an enhanced response to heterologous non-cross-reactive erythrocytes from other species, was found in the spleens of these rodents on Days 11 to 13. Elimination of B-cell-derived RFC by the addition of complement indicated that the erythrocyte-binding cells consisted of both T- and B-lymphocytes. An immunosuppressive effect was detected if histoplasmin was injected 2 days before the antigen (SRBC), but could be reversed by injecting the filtrate 30 min prior to the antigen, as is found with polyclonal activators displaying immunosuppressive activity. Histoplasmin also had a mitogenic effect on lymphocyte obtained from the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus similar in magnitude to that produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanaval in A. The biological significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 3487038 TI - Neonatal sepsis: emergence of Haemophilus influenzae in a level III nursery. PMID- 3487039 TI - Comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein in nonpregnant patients undergoing hemodialysis. PMID- 3487040 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of vasogenic lateral pontine syndrome]. AB - A 54-year-old male patient is reported in whom progression of clinical manifestations, neurological signs and results of ancillary investigations suggested a cerebellopontine angle tumour in the initial stage of the disease. Further observation and additional appearance after 10 months of signs evidencing damage to other brain-stem structures made possible the diagnosis of a vascular aetiology of the pathological process. PMID- 3487041 TI - [Immunological investigation of late cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. (Part 1)]. AB - Although the occurrence of so-called late cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm is well-known, its etiology still remains obscure. This time, the authors investigated the etiology by immunological research. Following results were obtained, Out of 13 cases of SAH due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm, angiographic cerebral vasospasm was observed in 9 cases. In these 9 cases, tendency of decrease in the number of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, depression on the lymphocyte PHA (phytohemagglutinin) and Con A (concanavalin A) response, and tuberculin anergy were found. These results suggest that the depression of cell-mediated immunity function might induce the occurrence of so-called late cerebral vasospasm after SAH. PMID- 3487042 TI - Fast turnover of clear vesicle membrane in frog sympathetic ganglion. AB - The results of three independent experiments are presented. In the first experiment, the afferent fibers of the right side IX and X sympathetic ganglia of five frogs were stimulated at 100 Hz and control unstimulated ganglia were taken from five other frogs. In the second experiment, the right IX and X ganglia from eight other frogs were stimulated at 10 Hz; the left side ganglia of the same eight frogs served as controls. A third experiment was performed in the presence of extracellular horseradish peroxidase, the sympathetic ganglia of three frogs were stimulated at 10 Hz, those of three other frogs were stimulated at 100 Hz and control ganglia exposed to horseradish peroxidase, but not stimulated were taken from another three frogs. Postganglionic compound action potentials were recorded in each experiment to verify the effectiveness of the stimulation. Following stimulation, the ganglia were fixed and prepared for electron microscopy. Between 10 and 20 synaptic profiles were photographed for each ganglia. The numerical density on area (i.e. number of vesicles per micron 2) was calculated separately for the clear vesicles and for the large dense-core vesicles of each profile. Statistical tests indicated no significant difference in the numerical density on area of the clear vesicles, or of the dense-core vesicles between the control and the ganglia stimulated at either 10 or 100 Hz. However, in the experiment done in presence of horseradish peroxidase, a significant increase of the percentage of vesicles labeled with horseradish peroxidase was obtained following stimulation at either 10 or 100 Hz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487043 TI - Behavior of neurons in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat--I. Motoneurons. AB - The activity of 53 antidromically identified abducens motoneurons was analyzed in alert cats during spontaneous and vestibular induced eye movements. Conduction velocities ranged from 13 to 70 m/s and all motoneurons increased their discharge rates with successive eye positions in the abducting direction. Motoneurons were recruited from -19 degrees to +7 degrees. Within the oculomotor range frequency saturation was never observed for any cell. The slope of rate-position (k) relationships ranged from 2 to 17.7 spikes/s/deg (n = 40, mean 8.7 +/- 2.5). Regression analysis showed that the rate-position plots could be fit by straight lines but in most cases exponential curves produced slightly better statistical fits. Steeper slopes suggest that successively larger increases in k are required for the lateral rectus muscle to maintain more eccentric fixations in the on direction. Interspike intervals for a constant eye position exhibited low variability (less than 3.5%) for fixations shorter than 1 s. Over longer periods, variability increased in proportion to the duration of the fixation in exponential-like fashion up to 14%. Abducens motoneurons showed considerable variability in frequency during repeated fixations of the same eye position. Discharge rates were found to depend upon both the direction of the previous eye movement and, more importantly, the animal's level of alertness. The rate position regression lines for fixation periods after saccades in the on direction significantly differed in slopes (100%) and thresholds (20%) from those in the off direction. The observed static hysteresis in abducens motoneuron behavior was in opposite direction to that previously described for the mechanical properties of the lateral rectus. This suggests both neural and mechanical factors are significantly involved in determining final eye position. The animal's level of alertness was evaluated in this study by counting the number of saccadic movements/s occurring in "alert" (1 +/- 0.2 saccades/s), and "drowsy" (0.5 +/- 0.2 saccades/s) circumstances. Comparison of the rate-position regression lines between the two conditions showed a significant decrease in slopes (100%) and elevation of thresholds (70%). Discharge rate of abducens motoneurons increased abruptly 8.9 +/- 2.8 ms prior to saccades in the horizontal on direction, and decreased 14.8 +/- 4.05 m before saccades in the off direction. During purely vertical saccades the firing frequency of abducens motoneurons did not change. Burst frequency did not saturate during saccades, but increased with saccadic velocity in a linear fashion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3487045 TI - Small-vessel angiitis without angiographic signs of arteritis. PMID- 3487044 TI - Behavior of neurons in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat--II. Internuclear neurons. AB - The activity of 43 antidromically identified abducens internuclear neurons with conduction velocities ranging from 14 to 54 m/s was analyzed in alert cats during spontaneous and vestibular induced eye movements. The discharge rate of internuclear neurons significantly increased with successive adducting positions of the contralateral eye. Slopes of rate-position (k) relationships ranged from 3.1 to 17.9 spikes/deg (mean 12.01 +/- 3.1). Threshold ranged from -19 degrees to +3 degrees. Frequency saturation was never observed for any internuclear neuron within the oculomotor range. Although straight lines were selected to illustrate the rate-position relationships, exponential curves always provided the best statistical fit demonstrating that an enhancement in frequency potentiation (k) must accompany more eccentric fixations in the on direction. Internuclear neurons showed a low variability in firing rate (less than 3.0%) for fixations less than 1 s. Variability increased with both longer and repeated fixations of the same eye position. Discharge rates were found to depend upon both the direction of the preceding eye movement and the animal's level of alertness. Separate regression lines of rate-position relations following saccades in the on and off directions differed significantly in slope (100%), but not threshold. The observed static hysteresis in an identified non-motoneuron shows this property to be in a central neural circuit prior to the extraocular motoneuron. The slopes (k) of rate position plots for all internuclear neurons decreased significantly (100%) when level of alertness changed from "alert" (1 +/- 0.2 saccades/s) to "drowsy" (0.5 +/- 0.2 saccades/s). Thresholds, however, were not significantly altered. Discharge rate of abducens internuclear neurons increased abruptly 10.4 +/- 2.5 ms preceding saccades in the on direction, and decreased 20.5 +/- 7.8 ms before saccades in the off direction. Internuclear neuronal activity was not affected by pure vertical saccades. During on direction saccades, firing frequency did not saturate, but increased with velocity in a linear fashion. Exponential functions often fit the data better due to the difference in slopes of rate-velocity plots for on vs off direction saccades. Slopes (rs) of rate-velocity regression lines during spontaneous saccades ranged from 0.99 to 4.10 spikes/s/deg/s (mean 2.16 +/ 0.93). During saccades in the off direction activity always decreased, but it seldom ceased. Rate-velocity regression lines measured during the fast phase of vestibular nystagmus (rsv = 2.09 +/- 0.88) showed no significant differences from rs slopes in 82% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3487046 TI - Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Twenty-one patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 29 healthy, age-matched controls were studied using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose to measure regional cerebral glucose consumption in the resting state. Reductions in ratio measures of relative metabolism in some parietal, temporal, and frontal regions were found in mild, moderate, and severe DAT groups. A significant increase in right/left metabolic asymmetry, particularly in parietal regions, also was seen in mild and moderate groups. Only in the severely demented patients was the absolute cerebral metabolic rate reduced significantly from control values. Fourteen patients had repeated PET studies, but only those patients with moderate to severe dementia showed a decline in IQ over 6 to 15 months. There were no significant changes in metabolic measures over time. PET is useful in quantifying regional cerebral dysfunction in DAT, even in the early stages of the disease. PMID- 3487047 TI - Presynaptic modification of neuromuscular transmission by antiacetylcholine receptor antibody: myasthenic serum and monoclonal antibody produced by transformed lymphocytes. AB - When myasthenic serum or a monoclonal antiacetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibody produced by human transformed lymphocytes and transferable to an animal was applied to rat diaphragms in vitro, presynaptic facilitation was demonstrated by changes in ACh quantal content of endplate potentials. The results correlated with ability of the antibody to block binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to AChR, but not with titers of anti-AChR antibody by immunoprecipitation assay and AChR degradation rate. Antibody to the receptor site near the ACh-binding site may act presynaptically to compensate for the postsynaptic failure in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3487049 TI - [Sudden death. Cardiac and noncardiac causes]. AB - The present review systematically reports the literature on a phenomenon that is hard to understand not so much in terms of pathological anatomy as in its physiopathological aspects: sudden death. An analysis is presented of the various cardiac and non-cardiac causes that can create the electrical instability of the heart that will end in sudden death. The anatomopathological need for careful study of the structures responsible for the creation of the electrical impulse and its conduction inside the heart is also emphasised. PMID- 3487050 TI - [Our experience in the use of a new objective pain measuring system in rheumarthropatic subjects treated with transcutaneous electroanalgesia and ultrasound]. AB - The results were assessed in a group of 38 patients with degenerative skeletal pathologies and insertional tendinopathies who were treated with transcutaneous electroanalgesia and ultrasound therapy. For this purpose a new type of painmeter was used and proved appropriate for the more rational and objective quantification of pain at precise trigger points. The case series also revealed that the best clinical response came from T.E.N.S. treatment followed by some 20 days later by a cycle of ultrasound therapy. PMID- 3487048 TI - Partial suppression of Theiler's virus-induced demyelination in vivo by administration of monoclonal antibodies to immune-response gene products (Ia antigens). AB - In vivo administration of monoclonal antibody reactive with major histocompatibility complex-encoded Ia molecules (I-As) partially suppressed inflammation and demyelination in the spinal cord of SJL/J (H-2s) mice persistently infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. Demyelination was decreased if antibody was given at the time of virus inoculation or after inflammation had been established in the spinal cord. The decrease in demyelination was independent of isolation of infectious virus from the CNS or of serum titers of immunoglobulin to purified viral antigen. Thus, Theiler's virus-induced demyelination is mediated, in part, by immune cells that carry Ia class II molecules. PMID- 3487051 TI - Vestibular compensation without brainstem commissures in the guinea pig. AB - The rapid recovery from the postural and ocular motor asymmetries produced by unilateral vestibular damage (vestibular compensation) has been presented as an example of plasticity in the central nervous system. A recent model (J. Neurophysiol., 51 (1984) 242-259) has identified the fibers joining the two vestibular nuclei in the brainstem (the vestibular commissures) as the site of the plastic changes. We report that in guinea pigs, compensation of postural symptoms still occurs after sectioning these commissural fibers. We suggest that a number of mechanisms may be responsible for vestibular compensation, including some which are independent of the vestibular commissures. PMID- 3487052 TI - Histochemistry of MPTP oxidation in the rat brain: sites of synthesis of the parkinsonism-inducing toxin MPP+. AB - Systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is toxic to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and produces a syndrome similar to Parkinson's disease. Conversion of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) by monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) appears necessary for this neurotoxicity. When MPTP was used as the substrate for the histochemical localization of monoamine oxidase activity on sections of the rat brain, only a few specific sites were found in which MPTP oxidation to MPP+ occurs. These include the noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons of the brainstem and the histamine neurons of the caudal hypothalamus. Dopamine neurons themselves do not display the capacity to oxidize MPTP. It is proposed that the conversion of MPTP to MPP+ occurs via MAO-B within serotonin and histamine neurons which may innervate the substantia nigra where the toxin MPP+ could be released and then taken up into the dopamine neurons. PMID- 3487053 TI - Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase by some analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. AB - To clarify the essential chemical structures of the neurotoxins, 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its oxidized product, 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), that govern nigrostriatal dopamine neuron toxicity, interactions of several structurally related compounds of MPTP or MPP+ with monoamine oxidase (MAO) in rat forebrain homogenates were studied. Of the compounds tested, 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (PTP), 4-phenylpyridine and 4-phenylpiperidine strongly and dose-dependently inhibited MAO-A and -B activity. Inhibition of PTP and 4-phenylpiperidine was MAO-A-selective, while that by 4 phenylpyridine was MAO-B-selective. Of these 3 compounds, only PTP time dependently inhibited MAO-B, but not -A. Without preincubation, the modes of inhibition of MAO-A and -B by PTP were competitive. After 1 h preincubation, the mode of MAO-B inhibition changed to non-competitive, while inhibition of -A remained unchanged. PTP was oxidized by MAO-B, but not by -A, under these conditions. In contrast, 4-phenylpyridine and 4-phenylpiperidine were not substrates for either form of MAO in rat forebrain homogenates. These results, along with the other observations, indicate that PTP may essentially cause a neurotoxic effect on the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. PMID- 3487054 TI - Voltage-sensitive dyes measure potential changes in axons and glia of the frog optic nerve. AB - Changes in dye absorption and fluorescence produced by electrical stimulation were measured in frog optic nerves stained with voltage-sensitive dyes. Following a single maximal stimulus applied through a suction electrode, the change in transmitted light intensity consisted of two components: one representing an axonal compound action potential and the second a slow depolarizing afterpotential which appeared to arise from the glial cells. The following results support this interpretation: during a train of stimuli the depolarizing potentials sum and can exceed 80% of the initial spike amplitude while the spike amplitude itself remains essentially constant. Thus, the axons cannot have undergone significant depolarization during the train. Optical recordings with simultaneous microelectrode recordings from the glial cells indicate that the change in glial membrane potential during the train has a time-course similar to that of the slow optical response. We conclude that voltage-sensitive dyes can monitor potential changes in both neurons and glia. PMID- 3487055 TI - The effect of lead on photoreceptor response amplitude--influence of removing external calcium and bleaching rhodopsin. AB - The relationship between the effect of lead on the amplitude of the photoreceptor response to light and the ability of the photoreceptor response to be enhanced by a light stimulus was studied in the excised, superfused, bullfrog retina. Photoreceptor responses were isolated by treatment of the retina with sodium aspartate and were recorded with extracellular electrodes. Rod and cone responses were monitored separately by employing a stimulus regimen which took advantage of differing rates of rapid dark adaptation. When the ability of the rod response to undergo enhancement by light was severely reduced by bleaching 80% of the rhodopsin in the retina, the usual depressive effect of 12.5 microM lead was not observed. When light enhancement of the rod response was completely eliminated by removing calcium from the superfusing solution, the effect of 12.5 microM lead was actually to increase rather than decrease rod response amplitude. We conclude from this and previous studies that the effect of lead on the rod photoreceptor is complex, that it can involve both inhibitory and excitatory components, and that the inhibitory effect is exerted on the same mechanism which is responsible for the ability of the rod response to be enhanced by exposure of the retina to light. The cone response never exhibited enhancement by light and was never depressed by exposure of the retina to lead, but the ability of lead to increase cone response amplitude appeared to be greater in the absence of calcium. PMID- 3487057 TI - Be prepared for the bleeding patient (continuing education credit). PMID- 3487056 TI - Parkinson-like syndrome in nonhuman primates receiving a tetrahydropyridine derivative. AB - Antipsychotic drugs, while ameliorating symptoms in schizophrenia, evoke extrapyramidal effects which resemble parkinsonism. We studied the potential of 1 (4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl)-4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyr idine d tartrate to induce extrapyramidal side effects in Rhesus monkeys. This agent shares neurochemical effects of known antipsychotic agents in its ability to antagonize cerebral dopamine action by competing for (3H)-Haloperidol binding of the dopamine receptors and inhibiting limbic and striatal adenylate cyclase in rat brain. The compound was administered orally to monkeys for 18 days, starting at 2 mg/kg and increasing to 20 mg/kg. Additional groups of monkeys received the drug for 29 consecutive days at 5 and 7.5 mg/kg/day. In both studies, extrapyramidal signs were associated with neuropathological changes in the brains of treated monkeys. The findings resemble those reported in Rhesus monkeys and in drug addicts after repeated intravenous administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The findings also suggest a structure/activity relationship of tetrahydropyridine analogs with neurologic and associated neuropathologic manifestations produced in monkeys. The experimental model is useful to study the pathogenesis and possibly therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3487058 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by colonic varices. PMID- 3487059 TI - Pseudophakic phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis. AB - Two cases of pseudophakic phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis are reported. Both responded favorably to a total posterior capsulectomy performed in addition to removal of the intraocular lens and remaining cortical material. Current theories on phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis are discussed. Excision of the entire posterior capsule with anterior capsular flaps and entrapped cortex is emphasized as an integral part of the treatment of this condition. PMID- 3487060 TI - [Electrostimulation of the muscles of the truncated lower extremity in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3487061 TI - [Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia with two locations (stomach and colon) associated with aortic stenosis]. PMID- 3487062 TI - CoDAX: a screening test for colour perception. PMID- 3487063 TI - Safety and efficacy of the House/3M cochlear implant in profoundly deaf adults. AB - The House/3M cochlear implant system is no longer considered investigational. Many years of clinical experience led to development of a clinically feasible program for selecting patients, fitting the device, training patients in its use, and evaluating results. Both laboratory and clinical data support the conclusion that this device is safe and provides significant benefits for profoundly deaf adults. The House/3M cochlear implant has had a significant impact in the treatment of the profoundly deaf, even while in the investigational stage. First and foremost, patients who were previously turned away as "untreatable" were provided with a new option. Furthermore, the professionals--otologists and audiologists--had a new set of tools, including assessment and rehabilitation materials, to use in dealing with the profoundly deaf patient. These patients can now be provided more effective care whether they obtain an implant or a hearing aid. Finally, the introduction of this device stimulated the development of better devices, better assessment tools, and other alternatives. The future calls for device improvements, objective methods for selection of candidates, and expansion of the application of electrical stimulation of hearing to children, to patients with more residual hearing, and to those who require a central electroauditory prosthesis for stimulation in the brain stem. Cochlear implants are rapidly becoming a part of clinical otology and audiology. It is important that accurate information be disseminated among these professionals, that professional training programs teach their students about this area, and that other professionals, such as educators of the deaf, speech/language pathologists, and psychologists who deal with the hearing impaired, become knowledgeable in dealing effectively with the implanted child or adult. PMID- 3487064 TI - Echinococcus granulosus infection in mice: host responses during primary and secondary infection. AB - The reaction of Balb/c mice to primary and secondary subcutaneous infection with Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (PSC) is described. From 3 to 14 days following primary exposure to PSC, draining lymph nodes increase in weight and there is expansion of T and B lymphocyte populations, enhancement of in vitro lymphocyte transformational responses and production of PSC-specific IgM and IgE antibodies. Despite the persistence of viable PSC in host tissues, lymphocyte responses decline to pre-infection values over the period 3-8 weeks post infection. Secondary exposure to PSC immediately induces lymphoproliferation, enhancement of transformational responses, production of IgE antibody and encapsulation of PSC by inflammatory cells. Although specific antibody levels remain high until at least 8 weeks after challenge infection, lymphocyte activity begins to decline after 4 days and is profoundly suppressed by 10 days. Parasite viability appears to be significantly reduced in secondary, as opposed to primary, infection and is associated with the accumulation of large numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages in infected tissues. PMID- 3487065 TI - Chronic pain as a reticular formation syndrome. AB - Evidence was previously presented to support the thesis that chronic pain is activated by neuronal elements that make up the multisynaptic short axon core of the reticular system (Andy and Peeler 1985). The present thesis, that chronic pain is a reticular formation syndrome, is based on a retrospective analysis of four patients with chronic pain who were successfully treated with a lesion in the anterior thalamus and stimulation electrode implants in the posterior thalamus and pontomesencephalic brain stem. The reticular formation was the common underlying anatomic substrate at those three sites. In addition to chronic pain, all the patients had other symptoms attributable to other body organs and systems. The number and type of symptoms that made up the syndrome differed between patients. Symptoms making up the core of the syndrome were pain, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, and depression. Experimental and clinical findings are briefly presented to demonstrate the various reticular formation sites, pragmatically considered "reticular functional systems," from which symptoms may arise. It is hypothesized that the symptoms are recruited by a low threshold "pain oscillator" that is generated at one reticular site and subsequently permeates the rest of the reticular system. Therapeutic stimulation inactivates the low threshold system by "jamming" it. PMID- 3487066 TI - Treatment of the neonatal rat with epidermal growth factor: differences in time and organ response. AB - The ability of exogenous mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) (500 ng/g body weight/day) to retard somatic growth and to alter the timing of integumental maturation was investigated in the newborn rat. The immediate postnatal period (days 0-3) was identified as the critical time for elicitation of EGF effects. Somatic growth retardation produced by EGF persisted through weaning (day 20) and was asymmetric with maximal organ growth retardation present in liver and kidney and with relative sparing of heart and brain. Treatment of newborn rats with EGF on postnatal days 0-3 advanced the mean time of eyelid opening by 146 versus 31 h for tooth eruption. In contrast, EGF delayed opening of the external ear canal by approximately 48 h. EGF-treated pups thus exhibited a rearrangement in the normal sequence of craniofacial development. In summary, these data provide new information on the critical time of EGF response in the rat, the existence of an asymmetric pattern of organ growth retardation following perinatal EGF exposure, and the ability of EGF to retard morphogenesis of the external ear. PMID- 3487067 TI - Influence of epidermal growth factor on fetal rat lung development in vitro. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to enhance cell multiplication or differentiation in a number of developing tissues. We have examined the effects of this growth factor on the biochemical development of explants of fetal rat lung, cultured in serum-free medium for 48 h. EGF enhanced the rate of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine in a dose dependent fashion. Half maximal stimulation occurred at a concentration of 1.0 nM, similar to the Kd for EGF binding to rat lung cell membranes. There was also significant stimulation of acetate incorporation into all phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylglycerol (539%), and increased distribution of radioactivity from acetate in this phospholipid fraction. Exposure to EGF stimulated PC synthesis in 18- and 19-day explants (term is 22 days) whereas maximal enhancement of DNA synthesis occurred after this time. This sequence differs from that observed during early embryonic development when EGF initially enhances cell multiplication. An additive interaction with regard to enhancement of PC synthesis was observed with EGF and thyroid hormone, but not EGF and dexamethasone. EGF had no effect on the activity of the enzymes of the choline incorporation pathway of phosphatidylcholine synthesis or on the activity of enzymes involved with acidic phospholipid synthesis. Fetal lung EGF content and EGF binding capacity were not increased by glucocorticoid treatment and similarly glucocorticoid binding capacity was not increased by EGF. These data indicate that EGF enhances fetal rat lung phospholipid synthesis in a dose-dependent manner and suggest that this is a direct effect on the lung tissue mediated by specific receptors. PMID- 3487068 TI - Calcium-regulating hormones and minerals from birth to 18 months of age: a cross sectional study. I. Effects of sex, race, age, season, and diet on vitamin D status. AB - The influence of sex, race, age, season, and diet (cow's milk formula v human milk) on the vitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein status in infants less than 18 months of age was investigated in this cross-sectional, prospective study of 198 infants. No differences by sex were observed in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or vitamin D-binding protein concentrations. By race, black infants had significantly elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels relative to white infants. By age, vitamin D-binding protein concentrations increased with increasing age. By season, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were low in winter, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein were high in winter compared with summer. By diet, formula-fed infants had higher serum concentrations of all measured vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D-binding protein than human milk-fed infants. Thus, race, age, season, and diet exert, individually or in combination, different and significant effects on vitamin D metabolites; these should be considered in assessing infant vitamin D status. PMID- 3487069 TI - Acetylation phenotype and hepatotoxicity in the treatment of tuberculosis in children. AB - We studied the relationship between acetylation phenotype and the appearance of biochemical and clinical signs of liver damage in 73 tuberculous children treated with isoniazid and rifampin. No significant differences were found with respect to the distribution of acetylation phenotype between tuberculous patients and a control group consisting of 256 children. Hepatotoxicity manifested in 27 cases (37%), of which only five (7%) had clinical signs. Application of the Fisher exact probability test did not show a relationship between acetylation phenotype and hepatotoxicity. PMID- 3487070 TI - [Functional activity of immunocompetent cells at various seasons of the year in young infants with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 3487071 TI - [Clinico-immunologic comparisons in nonspecific ulcerative colitis in children]. PMID- 3487072 TI - [Importance of immunologic disorders in the development of chronic pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 3487073 TI - Dependence of double-pulse facilitation on amplitude and duration of the depolarization pulses at frog's motor nerve terminals. AB - Motor nerve terminals of the frog were depolarized by pairs of pulses with 5 to 10 ms interval and the resulting quantal transmitter releases were determined. In 'fixed pulse facilitation', Fc, the second pulse was kept constant, and the effect of a varying pre-pulse was measured, comparing the thus facilitated release after the fixed pulse to control release after the fixed pulse alone. If depolarization in the pre-pulse was increased from threshold to almost saturation level of release, Fc had a maximum, Fc, at about 1/10 the saturation level of release, as reported before. In 'double-pulse facilitation', Fd, two identical pulses were applied, and the facilitated release after the second pulse was compared to control release after the first pulse. On increasing pulse duration from 0.4 to 2.5 ms, at fixed depolarization levels, Fd had a peak at short pulse duration and low release, and declined with increasing pulse duration and release. This dependence is expected if facilitation is caused by 'residual Ca'. Alternatively, if at fixed duration depolarization in the pulses was increased from threshold level, in most preparations Fd rose to a maximum at low depolarization and release, declined to a minimum at the depolarization level of Fc, and rose again for larger depolarizations. In some preparations, and for short pulses, the peak of Fd at low depolarizations was not observed, but always Fd increased with depolarization beyond Fc. The complicated dependence of Fd on depolarization can be explained by the residual Ca theory, if at depolarizations larger than that which produced Fc and the minimum of Fd, Ca-inflow decreases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487075 TI - A new single sucrose-gap method allowing current to be injected and the resulting potential change to be recorded. AB - A novel single sucrose-gap technique which allows the injection of current and the recording of the resulting change in the gap potential has been developed. Current injection is achieved discontinuously at a chopping rate of between 500 Hz and 5 kHz and the gap potential is recorded during the off-period of current injection and held until the next sampling period. This approach eliminates the potential drop in the sucrose solution and makes the measurement of electrical properties possible with a single sucrose-gap technique. Membrane properties of the dorsal roots of the bullfrog were examined using this technique. An outward going rectification was evident around the resting potential and an inward-going rectification appeared on hyperpolarization below -70 mV. This rectification gave rise to a sigmoidal relationship between voltage and current. Hyperpolarization in response to current injection revealed a very long charging time constant. These observed membrane characteristics were in general agreement with those intracellulary recorded from the thick myelinated fiber in the frog dorsal roots. PMID- 3487074 TI - The influence of extracellular buffer concentration and propionate on lactate efflux from frog muscle. AB - Lactate efflux from frog sartorius muscles was measured following a lactate load of about 18 mumol X g-1 induced by a 4-min period of stimulation. Lactate efflux rate was buffer concentration dependent. The initial efflux rate increased from about 150 nmol X g-1 X min-1 in 1 mM MOPS buffer to 400 nmol X g-1 X min-1 in 25 mM MOPS buffer. The addition of 20 mM propionate reduced mean intracellular pH by about 0.2 units and increased lactate efflux rate by 70% at the highest buffer concentration and 400% at the lowest buffer concentration. The observed results are in reasonable agreement with predictions based on a model in which net efflux is limited by diffusion of both buffer and lactate in the extracellular space. Transmembrane lactate efflux appears to consist of two components, one of which is proton linked and carried either by undissociated lactic acid or coupled proton-lactate transport, the other being carried by independent lactate ions. PMID- 3487076 TI - Influence of barium on the effects of phenylalanine in proximal tubules. AB - The present study was designed to further test for the role of peritubular potassium conductance in the repolarization of peritubular cell membrane during sustained stimulation of sodium coupled transport by phenylalanine. To this end the potential difference across the peritubular cell membrane (PDpt) has been recorded continuously, while 10 mmol/l phenylalanine (Phe) were added to the luminal perfusate, both in the presence or absence of peritubular or luminal barium (1 mmol/l). In the absence of phenylalanine and barium, PDpt amounts to 65.5 +/- 2.2 mV. Phe leads to a rapid depolarization of the peritubular cell membrane by +36.2 +/- 2.2 mV within 30 s, followed by an almost complete repolarization by -28.9 +/- 2.6 mV within 7 min. In the presence of barium in peritubular perfusate, the depolarization following Phe is +24.3 +/- 2.6 mV and the repolarization almost abolished (-4.3 +/- 0.9 mV). In the presence of barium in luminal perfusate, Phe leads to a depolarization by +35.7 +/- 2.4 mV followed by a repolarization of -17.0 +/- 3.2 mV within 7 min. It is concluded that the repolarization during sustained stimulation of sodium coupled transport is in large part due to alterations of peritubular potassium conductance. PMID- 3487077 TI - Intravenous immunoglobulin in Kawasaki syndrome: a progress report. PMID- 3487078 TI - [Clinical forms and complications in severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 3487079 TI - [Value of controlled chemoprevention in children and adolescents with increased risk of tuberculosis]. PMID- 3487080 TI - [Role of pathomorphological studies in the diagnosis of disseminated lung diseases]. PMID- 3487081 TI - [Dynamics of the clinical manifestations of early tuberculous intoxication in children during their treatment]. PMID- 3487082 TI - [Pulmonary histiocytosis X]. PMID- 3487083 TI - Transforming growth factor alpha inhibits secretion of gastric acid. AB - Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), a protein secreted by transformed cells and related to epidermal growth factor (EGF), was tested for its effects on gastric acid secretion. Guinea pig gastric mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers and the rate of acid release was monitored by the pH-stat method. When administered prior to the secretagogue, TGF-alpha prevented the histamine-induced increase in the rate of acid secretion. Similarly, TGF-alpha caused a decrease in the rate of acid release in tissues that had already been stimulated with histamine. These data show that TGF-alpha inhibits gastric acid secretion in a manner similar to EGF and that the two growth factors share at least one physiological action unrelated to their mitogenic properties. PMID- 3487084 TI - Interaction between a "processed" ovalbumin peptide and Ia molecules. AB - The binding of 125I-labeled immunogenic peptides to purified Ia molecules in detergent solution was examined by equilibrium dialysis. We used the chicken ovalbumin peptide ovalbumin-(323-339)-Tyr, which is immunogenic in the BALB/c mouse and restricted to I-Ad. 125I-labeled ovalbumin-(323-339)-Tyr was shown to bind to I-Ad but not to I-Ed, I-Ek, or I-Ak. This binding was inhibited by unlabeled ovalbumin-(323-339) but not by ovalbumin-(329-339), which is the longest N-terminally truncated peptide that fails to stimulate any of the I-Ad restricted hybridomas that have been raised to ovalbumin-(323-339)-Tyr. As a further specificity control, we also used the chicken egg lysozyme peptide Tyr (46-61), which has recently been studied by similar methods [Babbitt, B. P., Allen, P. M., Matsueda, G., Haber, E. & Unanue, E. R. (1985) Nature (London) 317, 359-361]. We have confirmed that it bound to I-Ak but not to I-Ek, I-Ad, or I-Ed. Thus, a specific interaction between Ia and antigen that correlates with the major histocompatibility complex restriction was demonstrated, strongly arguing in favor of a determinant selection hypothesis for such restriction. PMID- 3487085 TI - T-cell receptor variable region gene usage in T-cell populations. AB - We have examined T-cell receptor alpha- and beta-chain variable (V) region gene usage in T-cell populations predicted to have different major histocompatibility complex-restriction specificities. Using a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay to measure T-cell receptor mRNA levels, we found no striking differences in the usage of three V alpha genes and three V beta genes in T-cell populations from three congeneic H-2-disparate strains of mice and between the mutually exclusive Ly2+ L3T4- and Ly2- L3T4+ T-cell subpopulations. These results suggest that major histocompatibility complex restriction cannot be explained by the differential usage of nonoverlapping V alpha or V beta gene pools. In contrast, striking but unpredictable differences were seen in V gene usage in populations of T cells selected by activation with particular alloantigens. PMID- 3487086 TI - Structure of a bovine gene for P-450c21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) defines a novel cytochrome P-450 gene family. AB - P-450c21, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme [steroid 21-monooxygenase (steroid 21 hydroxylase), EC 1.14.99.10], mediates the 21-hydroxylation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones in the adrenal gland. The complete sequence of a bovine P-450c21 gene shows it is 3447 base pairs long and contains 10 exons. The intron/exon organization and encoded amino acid sequence indicate that P-450c21 represents a unique family of genes in the P-450 gene superfamily. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection experiments identified several cap sites for initiation of transcription; the principal cap site produces mRNA with a 5' untranslated region only 11 bases long. S1 nuclease protection experiments confirm that P-450c21 is actively expressed in the adrenal and the testis, an organ not known to secrete 21-hydroxylated steroids. PMID- 3487087 TI - Change in antigen specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes is associated with the rearrangement and expression of a T-cell receptor beta-chain gene. AB - Cloned H-Y-specific murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which alter antigen specificity in vitro ("aging"), simultaneously exhibit changes in the T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain rearrangements and respective mRNAs expressed. beta chain cDNA clones were isolated from a library prepared from mRNA of aged killer T cells. The sequence of the beta-chain variable region element (VAK) was found to be identical with germ-line DNA. Four bases at the beta-chain diversity joining region (D beta--J beta) junction cannot be explained by known germ-line D beta and J beta elements. These results illustrate that in T-cell clones altered antigen specificity correlates with a switch in productive beta-chain rearrangements of the T-cell receptor. When tested for its expression under physiological conditions, significant levels of VAK mRNA were found in normal lymphocyte populations. PMID- 3487088 TI - Generation of diversity of the beta chain of the human T-lymphocyte receptor for antigen. AB - Human T-cell receptor beta-chain (Ti beta) genes are formed by the rearrangement of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments. A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the variable regions of six human Ti beta cDNAs reveals that they display a level of homology similar to that shared by human immunoglobulin heavy chain V genes. In contrast to immunoglobulin V regions, which contain three discrete regions of hypervariability, the Ti beta V regions display a more widely distributed pattern of variability. Southern blot analyses show that most human Ti V beta gene families contain one to three members. However, a single family containing at least eight members is identified. This analysis allows the identification of at least 15 human Ti V beta germ-line genes. The sequence data show that at least one germ-line Ti beta J gene is used preferentially in Ti beta cDNAs. Moreover, they suggest the presence of at least four human germ-line Ti beta D genes. At least three mechanisms are involved in generating the diversity of human Ti beta genes: (i) the combinatorial rearrangement of different V, D, and J genes; (ii) imprecise V D-J joining, including V-D joining in any of three translational reading frames; and (iii) the addition of extra nucleotides at the V-D-J joints (N-region diversity). PMID- 3487089 TI - Subgroups of variable region genes of beta chains of T-cell receptors for antigen. AB - The beta-chain variable regions of 6 human, 21 mouse, and 1 rabbit T-cell receptors for antigen, including two pairs of duplicates, have been classified into two subgroups. Subgroup I has an invariant Phe at residue 65 and a salt bridge can be formed between the Asp at position 86 and the 11 Arg, 2 Lys, and 1 His residues at position 64. In one instance Tyr replaces Asp at position 86 so that a salt bridge cannot be formed with the Lys at position 64. Subgroup II has an invariant Tyr at residue 65; 8 chains have Gly and 3 have Ala at position 63. These 3 have Asp at position 64. Those with Gly-63 cannot form a salt bridge in this region of the beta chain. The 3 with Asp-64 have Arg at position 86, can form a reverse salt bridge, and could constitute a third subgroup. The relation of these findings to functional parameters in beta chains of the T-cell receptors for antigen deserves further study. The use of variability plots on the assumption that the beta chains are a single population may be misleading for the variable region. Most of the variability in the expressed beta chains would be created by variable-diversity-joining assortment, junctional diversity, and the possible insertion of N sequences. PMID- 3487092 TI - Acetyltransferase in humans: development and tissue distribution. AB - Acetyltransferase with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as substrate was investigated in the cytosolic fraction of the placenta, liver, adrenals, lungs, kidneys, intestine from human fetuses and the liver, lungs, kidneys and intestinal mucosa from adult subjects. All tissue specimens assayed catalyzed the acetylation of PABA at a significant rate. The activity (expressed as nmol of product formed/min/mg protein; mean +/- SE) was 1.10 +/- 0.59 in the fetal liver, 0.66 +/ 0.04 in the placental and 3.87 +/- 0.53 in the adult liver cytosol. Among the fetal tissues, the adrenals had the highest (2.36 +/- 0.78) and the gut the lowest activity (0.71 +/- 0.11). The acetyltransferase activity (mean +/- SE) in the lungs, kidneys and intestinal mucosa from adult subjects was 1.19 +/- 0.15; 1.34 +/- 0.04 and 3.80 +/- 0.34, respectively. PMID- 3487093 TI - Inversion of the 3D Radon transform for a multidetector, point-focused SPECT brain scanner. AB - The Radon transform is presented for unattenuated projection data acquired with a multidetector, point-focused SPECT brain scanner. The three-dimensional (3D) integral transform is shown to be exactly invertible only for the case of an ideal machine whose detectors scan away from the source to infinity in all directions. The two-dimensional (2D) ramp filter reconstruction algorithm previously used for this scanner is a limiting case of the 3D method and is exact only for sources with cylindrical symmetry, (f(x,y,z) = f(x,y) for all z). Projection data from a long cylinder and a 1.5 cm thick disc of equal diameters and activity concentrations were simulated by computer for the same scan pattern used on the machine. The data were reconstructed with both the 2D and 3D analytic methods. The 2D method produced a 20% bowl-shaped dip in the centre of the disc, whereas the central slice of the 3D reconstruction was more than 97% accurate. The effective, noise-equivalent sensitivity when reconstructing the central slice of the disc with the necessary 3D method is 10.1 times lower than the sensitivity obtained for the long cylindrical source when reconstructing with the 2D method. PMID- 3487091 TI - Recombinant tumor necrosis factor induces procoagulant activity in cultured human vascular endothelium: characterization and comparison with the actions of interleukin 1. AB - Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) was found to act directly on cultured human vascular endothelium to induce a tissue factor-like procoagulant activity (PCA). After a 4-hr incubation in rTNF (100 units/ml), serially passaged endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins, saphenous veins, iliac arteries, and thoracic aortae demonstrated a dramatic increase (4- to 15-fold, 21 experiments) in total cellular PCA as measured with a one-stage clotting assay. rTNF-induced PCA was also expressed at the surface of intact viable endothelial monolayers. Induction of PCA by rTNF was concentration dependent (maximum, 500 units/ml), time dependent, reversible, and blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, and it occurred without detectable endothelial cell damage. Actions of rTNF were compared with those of natural human interleukin 1 (IL-1) derived from stimulated monocytes and two distinct species of recombinant IL-1, each of which also induced endothelial PCA. The use of recombinant polypeptides and specific neutralizing antisera established the distinct natures of the mediators. The kinetics of the endothelial PCA responses to TNF and IL-1 were similar, demonstrating a rapid rise to peak activity at approximately equal to 4 hr, and a decline toward basal levels by 24 hr. This characteristic decline in PCA after prolonged incubation with TNF or IL-1 was accompanied by selective endothelial hyporesponsiveness to the initially stimulating monokine. Interestingly, the effects of TNF and IL-1 were found to be additive even at apparent maximal doses of the individual monokines. Endothelial-directed actions of TNF, alone or in combination with other monokines, may be important in the initiation of coagulation and inflammatory responses in vivo. PMID- 3487090 TI - Activation of human B cells mediated through two distinct cell surface differentiation antigens, Bp35 and Bp50. AB - Two human B-cell differentiation antigens, Bp35 and Bp50, apparently play distinct roles as signal receptors in B-cell activation. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to either Bp35 or Bp50 deliver positive signals to B cells that stimulate their transition through the cell cycle. mAb to Bp35, like anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, functions principally to activate resting B cells to become competent to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, mAb to Bp50, a 50-kDa polypeptide expressed on all B cells, functions to stimulate activated B cells to traverse the cell cycle. mAb to Bp35, like anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, activates tonsillar B cells and induces low levels of B-cell proliferation. In contrast, anti-Bp50 mAb alone neither activates B cells nor induces B cells to proliferate but, together with anti-Bp35 or anti-immunoglobulin, augments B-cell proliferation. In this respect the action of anti-Bp50 antibody resembles the activity of B-cell growth factor(s) (BCGF). As little as 0.05 microgram of anti Bp50 per ml is needed to augment proliferation and, like BCGF, anti-Bp50 is effective even when added 12-24 hr after B cells are activated with anti immunoglobulin or anti-Bp35. Without additional exogenous signals, anti-Bp35 and anti-Bp50 together induce strong proliferation of purified resting B cells. These results suggest that the Bp35 and Bp50 surface molecules function in the regulatory control of B-cell activation and progression through the cell cycle. PMID- 3487094 TI - Interferential current clarification. PMID- 3487095 TI - Effects of calcitonin and CGRP alone or in combination on food intake and forestomach (reticulum) motility in sheep. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intravenous (IV) administration of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on feeding behavior and reticular motility were investigated in sheep. ICV calcitonin at a dose of 2 to 200 mU/kg reduced, in a dose-related manner, the immediate (0-60 min) food intake. The daily food intake was also significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased for doses up to 20 mU/kg, and the frequency of reticular contractions during the first hour of eating was decreased by 27.9%. Calcitonin at the highest IV dose (200 mU/kg) did not affect feeding behavior or reticular motility. In contrast, CGRP given ICV did not affect the first 3 hour period of food intake, while a significant increase (27.8%) in daily food intake was observed at a dose of 20 ng/kg despite immediate inhibitory effects on reticular frequency. No effect on feeding behavior and forestomach motility was noticed for a 25 times higher dose IV administered. Furthermore, CGRP given ICV (100 ng/kg) did not antagonize the immediate anorectic effects of calcitonin (200 mU/kg), although it delayed commencement of rumination and partially restored the daily food intake. These results suggest that calcitonin and CGRP play opposite roles in the central control of food intake in sheep, probably by acting on different brain structures, yet have a similar effect on reticular motility. PMID- 3487096 TI - [Epidemiologic studies of neuropsychiatric morbidity in the Reichenbach/V. district (analysis of 1980)]. AB - The medicostatistical evaluation of the total of neuropsychiatric patients belonging to the district Reichenbach/V. with outpatient medical care for 50.3 thousand inhabitants (from 16 years onward) of the year 1980 is presented. From 8665 persons registered 1510 (e. g. 2.5% of the total population/59.3 thousand) consulted the psychiatrist; 811 of them consulted the doctor for the first time, whereas in case of 699 patients it had happened repeatedly. From the total of 4066 consultations there belong 820 to the department of psychiatry (54.3%) and 690 (45.7%) to the neurological department including borderline cases. Taking into account all specialized clinical inpatient care and permanent nursing in asylums the period-prevalence for schizophrenia is 1.83% (ICD-295) and for affective psychoses (ICD-296) 1.27%. PMID- 3487097 TI - [Computed tomography following surgery of cerebellopontile angle tumors]. PMID- 3487099 TI - [Modified ellipsoid rotation of SPECT]. PMID- 3487098 TI - Comparison of a specific two-site immunoradiometric assay with radioimmunoassay for rat/human CRF-41. AB - We report the development of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for the specific measurement of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF-41) which uses two antibodies directed to opposite ends of the CRF-41 molecule. In this assay, 125I-labelled affinity purified rabbit anti-(CRF 36-41) immunoglobulin (IgG) and a guinea-pig anti-(CRF 1-20) serum are simultaneously added to 200 microliter volumes of standard or unknown. After 16 h incubation at room temperature, free and CRF bound guinea-pig antibodies are precipitated using affinity purified sheep anti (guinea-pig Fc region) IgG coupled to solid phase Dynospheres. Radioactive rabbit anti-(CRF 36-41) is only precipitated in tubes containing CRF-41, since the peptide acts as a link between the 125I-labelled rabbit IgG and the unlabelled guinea-pig CRF-specific antibodies. Precipitated counts are directly proportional to the concentration of CRF-41 in the sample. This CRF IRMA is compared with two radioimmunoassays (RIA) using the N- and C-terminal CRF antisera employed in the IRMA and found to be more sensitive, specific and rapid to perform. The CRF-41 content of rat and human hypothalamic extracts is the same whether measured by IRMA or conventional RIA. Sephadex G50 chromatography of rat hypothalamic extracts reveals two peaks, detected equally by IRMA and RIA, with a main peak in the elution position of synthetic CRF-41, and a smaller void peak. This is the case whether the hypothalamic extracts are prepared from adrenalectomised or sham operated rats, non-stressed or subjected to ether stress. Re-chromatography of pooled void peaks under dissociating conditions gives the elution profile of synthetic CRF-41, indicating that the large molecular weight 'CRF-41' peak is not a CRF-41 precursor, but is due to CRF-41 associating non-covalently with large molecular weight proteins. PMID- 3487100 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic value of angiography of the mesenteric area]. AB - The widespread diffusion of digital imaging progressively reduces the indications to conventional angiography in all vascular districts. On the contrary, angiography of mesenteric arteries still works as a valid complementary diagnostic tool in granulomatous and neoplastic lesions of ileum. Today, in selected patients, angiography is the first diagnostic approach to vascular ischemic and hemorrhagic pathology of ileum; timely resort to interventional angiography improve a dramatic prognosis. PMID- 3487101 TI - [Treatment of osteoarticular brucellosis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Evaluation of 18 cases]. PMID- 3487102 TI - [Control of tuberculosis in schoolchildren: lessons from a tuberculosis screening program]. PMID- 3487103 TI - [Effects of a short-term treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) on the parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism]. PMID- 3487104 TI - [Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia]. PMID- 3487105 TI - Perceived losses following stroke. PMID- 3487106 TI - Renal toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs represent the most heavily prescribed and used class of drugs in human medicine. Most are derivatives of either salicylates, propionic acid, indoleacetic acid, anthranilic acid, pyrazolone, or oxicams. They depress the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid by reversible inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase. In the kidney, prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2 modulate the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II, norepinephrine, and vasopressin. In the presence of volume contraction, anesthesia, or disease states associated with high levels of these hormones, prostaglandins regulate glomerular filtration, vascular resistance, and renin secretion. They additionally influence urine volume and sodium content. In man, a syndrome of analgesic abuse that has been identified worldwide occurs more frequently in females than males and can result in severe renal damage, most notably renal papillary necrosis. Most common laboratory animals are relatively resistant to developing the renal lesion associated with NSAIDs unless high doses are given over long periods of time and some withholding of water is introduced into the protocol. Diuresis with 5% dextrose and water is protective. Studies of paracetamol and salicylate have demonstrated that these compounds concentrate in the papillary tip of the kidney at concentrations of 4 to 13 times the plasma levels in dogs and rabbits, respectively. Renal papillary necrosis has been described in horses on maintenance doses of phenylbutazone where dehydration or reduced water consumption has occurred. The lesion can be reproduced experimentally if water is withheld during a portion of the dosing interval. An increased incidence of uroepithelial tumors have been reported in patients with a history of analgesic abuse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487107 TI - Leukocyte elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes may diagnose pancreatic abscesses early. AB - Complexes of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and leukocyte elastase could be demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the peritoneal fluid from four patients who developed a pancreatic abscess during an attack of pancreatitis. No such complexes were seen in 69 patients with acute pancreatitis without an abscess. The complexes were demonstrable 2-3 days before the abscess was clinically evident. They may thus be diagnostically and therapeutically important. The appearance of these complexes denotes the liberation of large amounts of leukocyte elastase. This may help explain the pathophysiology and high mortality of the pancreatic abscess, since leukocyte elastase is known to cause degradation of all components of connective tissue and also degradation and activation of many components within the different cascade systems. PMID- 3487108 TI - Bone marrow mononuclear cell thymidine uptake in chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia. Relation to prognosis. AB - The uptake of tritium-labelled thymidine in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 22 untreated patients with Rai stage 0-II chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia was analysed in 4-d in vitro cultures. The thymidine uptakes showed a great interindividual variability; the counts per min ranged from 1100 to 80 000 (mean 26 360 +/- 21 800 cpm). Bone marrow cells from patients who needed treatment within 1 yr from diagnosis had a lower thymidine uptake than those from patients who were untreated for more than 2 yr (7 820 +/- 7 420 and 34 300 +/- 23 200 cpm, respectively, p less than 0.001). Patients with low uptake cells had poorer prognosis than those with high uptake cells, both regarding survival (5-yr probability: 0.6 and 1.0, respectively; p less than 0.03) and therapy-free survival (5-yr probability: 0.36 and 1.0, respectively; p less than 0.02). PMID- 3487109 TI - Hairy cell leukaemia: effects of phorbol ester on cell morphology and adherence and comparison with other B-cell neoplasias. AB - This report documents phorbol ester-induced changes in cell morphology in 9 patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and contrasts them with those obtained in cells from 20 patients with B-type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non Hodgkin's lymphoma in leukaemic phase (NHL). The phorbol ester caused hairy cells to adhere strongly and produce thin elongated cytoplasmic extensions. Other cells showed marked surface ruffling, and contained increased numbers of phagolysosomes, although cells still retained ribosomal lamellar complexes. This in vitro growth pattern differed from that observed in B-CLL and NHL cells, which readily detached in clumps with minimal adherence. CLL and NHL-cells did not show macrophage features but developed plasmacytoid and hairy cell-like features. It is suggested that these different growth patterns may aid in distinguishing HCL from other B-cell neoplasias. PMID- 3487110 TI - Compartment dependence of T-lymphocyte motility. AB - Fresh human T lymphocytes from the blood of healthy individuals exhibited few motile forms, i.e. nonspherical shape and lamellar surface activity, when allowed to settle on a plastic surface. This poor motility of 'normal' blood T lymphocytes is most likely physiological, since under the same conditions more than 75% of the blood lymphocytes from T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (TCLL) cases showed motile forms. In contrast to blood T cells, a large proportion of fresh human splenic T lymphocytes from separate individuals generally showed motile behaviour within 1 h when plated on a substrate. The rate of migration of spleen T cells into a collagen matrix was higher than that of blood T cells. The poor motile behaviour therefore appeared to be a limiting factor for translocation and migration of blood T cells within a collagen matrix. Culture on a collagen matrix at 'low' cell density in the presence or absence of serum for 2 days augmented the percentage of motile blood T cells to the same level as for fresh spleen T cells, whereas culture on plastic caused a relatively moderate increase in motility. This collagen-mediated potentiation probably does not reflect polyclonal T-cell activation, since it occurred in serum-free medium and appeared independent of cell interactions, and since collagen did not induce DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate two major factors regulating the 'spontaneous' motility of T lymphocytes, namely the location of the cell within the body and the nature of the substratum. PMID- 3487111 TI - Differentiation by interleukin 2 of a subpopulation of human B cells. AB - We demonstrate here that purified recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) induces a sizeable population of highly purified spleen B cells, by both negative and positive (cell-sorting) selection to differentiate polyclonally into plasma cells. This effect is seen at concentrations of IL-2 that are optimal for T-cell growth (1-5 U/ml) and is inhibitable by anti-Tac monoclonal antibody. In contrast, peripheral blood B cells show no or minimal terminal differentiation. When spleen B cells were separated into small and large cells, only the latter responded to IL-2; since this state of activation is achieved in vivo, these data support the possibility that IL-2 may be a physiological mediator in B-cell differentiation. PMID- 3487112 TI - [Prevention of recurrent hemorrhage due to portal hypertension]. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension is a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. Recurrent hemorrhage occurs in 75% of patients at 2 years, and medical treatment aims to induce a permanent decrease in portal pressure. A controlled study demonstrated that continuous administration of propranolol significantly decreased the risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in selected cirrhotic patients in good health. This efficacy was not found in unselected patients. The risk of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding correlates with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and poor compliance. Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices consists in obstruction of the varicosities. It has been demonstrated that esophageal sclerotherapy significantly reduces recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, although a number of complications may occur. PMID- 3487113 TI - [Endoscopic sclerosing for hemorrhage due to ruptured esophageal varices. Results of a prospective study of 50 cases]. AB - A prospective evaluation of sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices has been conducted in 50 unselected consecutive patients. According to Child's classification, 36% were class A, 34% class B and 30% class C. Sclerotherapy was performed on an emergency basis in 22 patients and was delayed a few hours for the others. The aim of the technique was to obliterate the varices by intra- and paravariceal injections of polidocanol 1%. Injections were performed weekly for the first 3 weeks of treatment, then 3- or 6-monthly. Four patients had a severe recurrent hemorrhage during the first month. The mortality during that period was 12%. Follow-up was possible in 81% of the surviving patients. Four stenoses were treated by dilatation. Four patients had a late-recurring hemorrhage which was easily controlled in 3. Four patients died later, 3 of liver insufficiency and one of hemorrhage. PMID- 3487114 TI - Litigation causes huge price increases in childhood vaccines. PMID- 3487115 TI - Production of immunoglobulin isotypes by Ly-1+ B cells in viable motheaten and normal mice. AB - Almost all B cells in autoimmune mice with the viable motheaten (mev) mutation express the Ly-1 cell surface antigen, which marks a minor population of B cells constituting a separate lineage in normal mice. Immunoglobulins primarily of the M and G3 classes, which in both normal and mev mice contain high levels of lambda light chain, are produced in excess in mev mice. These and other observations suggest that the development of B cells that express Ly-1 is regulated independently from the development of B cells that do not express Ly-1. B cells bearing the Ly-1 surface antigen may play specialized roles in the normal immune system and in autoimmunity by regulating other B cells via lymphokines, by producing antibodies to self and certain foreign antigens, and by preferentially secreting immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G3. PMID- 3487118 TI - Evolution of color vision. PMID- 3487116 TI - Blockade of visual excitation and adaptation in Limulus photoreceptor by GDP-beta S. AB - Light causes both depolarization and adaptation to light in Limulus ventral photoreceptors. Both visual excitation and adaptation were blocked by guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-beta-S), a metabolically stable analog of guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). However, GDP-beta-S did not block the excitation caused by injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate into the cell. These results suggest a molecular cascade of visual excitation and adaptation: Light isomerizes the visual pigment rhodopsin, which in turn activates a guanyl nucleotide-binding protein. The binding protein then stimulates production of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate, which causes release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3487119 TI - Penicillamine-induced proteinuria: risk factors. AB - Twenty-six of 300 patients (9%) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed penicillamine-induced proteinuria. The mean daily dose and duration of therapy at onset of proteinuria were 591 mg and 9 months, respectively, while the mean duration of proteinuria was 5.5 months. However, six patients developed proteinuria at 250 mg/d and six after 9 months of therapy. Twelve patients were successfully either restarted (five) or maintained (seven) on penicillamine with resolution of proteinuria. No permanent renal impairment occurred. Positive risk factors included the presence of HLA-B8 and DR3 and prior gold-induced proteinuria. Patients with prior gold-induced proteinuria should be observed more carefully, but tissue typing is not recommended as proteinuria is reversible. Furthermore, penicillamine can be restarted or maintained in these patients if the RA has responded favorably to the drug. PMID- 3487117 TI - Aminoguanidine prevents diabetes-induced arterial wall protein cross-linking. AB - Age-associated increases in collagen cross-linking and accumulation of advanced glycosylation products are both accelerated by diabetes, suggesting that glucose derived cross-link formation may contribute to the development of chronic diabetic complications as well as certain physical changes of aging. Aminoguanidine, a nucleophilic hydrazine compound, prevented both the formation of fluorescent advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products and the formation of glucose-derived collagen cross-links in vitro. Aminoguanidine administration to rats was equally effective in preventing diabetes-induced formation of fluorescent advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation products and cross-linking of arterial wall connective tissue protein in vivo. The identification of aminoguanidine as an inhibitor of advanced nonenzymatic glycosylation product formation now makes possible precise experimental definition of the pathogenetic significance of this process and suggests a potential clinical role for aminoguanidine in the future treatment of chronic diabetic complications. PMID- 3487120 TI - Aorta-coronary bypass graft. ASEAN experience. PMID- 3487121 TI - An acousto-optically steered laser scanning system for measurement of action potential spread in intact heart. AB - An optical scanning device that combines a voltage-sensitive dye and an acousto optically steered He-Ne laser beam is described. This device is capable of scanning 128 sites every 4 ms and recording and storing the fluorescence signals for a duration of up to 1 s (several beats). Comparison of an activation map constructed from laser scanning to those obtained from multiple extracellular electrodes suggests that this technique is highly reliable. Although motion induced light scattering appears to alter the shape of the action potential, the upstroke can be distinguished quite reliably even in a vigorously contracting muscle. This technique provides high resolution (up to 50 micron) and high flexibility (i.e., the scanned sites can be concentrated over a small or very large area) in measuring the spread of activation in heart muscle. By having only one excitation and one measurement element, the approach offers simplicity and high flexibility to the user. We have shown that this system can be readily applied to the task for which it was intended--probing the mechanisms of arrhythmias in the mammalian myocardium. It has been demonstrated, for example, that arrhythmias due to automaticity can be readily distinguished from those due to reentry through the mapping capability of the laser scanner. In addition, the ability of laser scanner to measure membrane depolarization directly during arrhythmias may make this technique superior to conventional electrocardiographic mapping techniques. PMID- 3487122 TI - Calcium transients in frog skeletal muscle fibers injected with Azo1, a tetracarboxylate Ca2+ indicator. PMID- 3487124 TI - [Blood transfusion in gastroduodenal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3487123 TI - Prescribing postpartum iron supplementation: a survey of practicing obstetricians. AB - Supplemental iron (excluding the amount in prenatal vitamins) is routinely recommended post partum by standard obstetric textbooks. We surveyed practicing obstetricians in Maryland to examine their indications for and prescription of postpartum iron supplements. The survey was returned by 201 physicians (33% response rate). Iron was prescribed by 25% of the physicians always, 12% never, and 63% depending upon the patient. An average of 37% of postpartum patients were given iron. The most frequently cited indication for prescribing iron was the postpartum hematocrit level (used by 90% of the physicians), followed by high blood loss (41%), operative delivery (15%), mean corpuscular volume (12%), and toxemia (9%). The postpartum iron dosage (325 mg) was prescribed as a single daily dose by 22%, twice daily by 37%, and three times daily by 32%. These practices do not correspond to the current recommendation that postpartum iron should always be prescribed. PMID- 3487125 TI - [Immunohistological analysis of lymphocytes infiltrating the terminal ileum in a patient with intestinal Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3487127 TI - Myths in rheumatic disease. PMID- 3487126 TI - [Natural killer (NK) cells and T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 3487128 TI - [Plasma level of von Willebrand factor in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Willebrand's factor is plasma protein involved in the processes of thrombo- and atherogenesis. Influencing the initial stages of platelet activation it may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). The content of Willebrand's factor was measured in 52 healthy subjects of different age and in 63 patients with CHD. Of these, 42 patients presented with acute myocardial infarction and 21 with angina pectoris. Use was made of a quantitative method based on ristomycin aggregation of formalin-fixed platelets from healthy subjects in the presence of Willebrand's factor of the test plasma. In angina pectoris patients, the highest content was detected if the disease took a graver course. In acute myocardial infarction, the content of Willebrand's factor was noted, in part of cases, to be high since the first hours of disease. In one of the cases the high content of the factor foretold the disease development. Myocardial infarction itself brought about another elevation of the factor content in plasma. PMID- 3487129 TI - [Septic endocarditis--a predictable or unpredictable disease? Clinico-immunologic aspects]. AB - Based on an analysis of the clinical picture of 248 cases of septic endocarditis, disorders in the immunologic status (reduction in the E-RFC, EAC-RFC counts, absolute count of Ea-RFC, significant rise of immunoglobulins of all classes, hypocomplementemia in 37.5% of patients, increase in the titer of circulating immune complexes in 86% of patients) the authors discuss the causes (virulence of the causative agent, immunodeficiency) that favour the development of septic endocarditis. PMID- 3487130 TI - [Immunologic reactivity of the body and clinico-roentgenological picture of acute pneumonia in adults]. AB - There was No correlation between the state of immunological reactivity in patients with acute pneumonia and the nature of infiltration of the pulmonary tissue (focal, confluent). Indices characterizing the cellular and humoral immunity links, were, to a large extent, related to a course of disease (complicated, uncomplicated). The most significant changes in the immune status were noted inn patients with acute pneumonia developing in the presence of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3487131 TI - [Various aspects of immunomodulating therapy in patients with protracted pneumonia during convalescence]. PMID- 3487132 TI - [2 cases of Kartagener-Zivert syndrome]. PMID- 3487133 TI - [Seasonal fluctuations of the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in persons with prenosological and nosological manifestations of chronic bronchitis]. AB - A study was made of the tissue and humoral immunity in 276 persons with prenosological and nosological signs of chronic bronchitis among the indigenous population as well as in newcomers living under the conditions of ultracontinental climate. Seasonal fluctuations of indices of the cellular and humoral immunity were more noticeable in the former than in the latter. Persons with prenosological signs of bronchitis were characterized by less pronounced tension of the cellular immunity in autumn than healthy people whereas considerable inhibition of the cellular immunity and change in the rhythm of its seasonal fluctuations were noted in patients with chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3487137 TI - von Willebrand factor and major blood groups in Japan. PMID- 3487135 TI - [Poisonings: epidemiology and information in Switzerland]. PMID- 3487138 TI - Murine monoclonal antibodies to human factor XI. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies to human factor XI (F.XI) are described. The monoclonal antibodies (2-1, 4-1, 7-1 and 10-1) consisted of IgG1. 4-1 inhibited the activation of F.XI completely in the presence of high molecular weight kininogen and kaolin and the others did so partially, whereas these antibodies had no effect on the activation of F.XI with activated factor XII (beta-XIIa). Four antibodies had no effect directly on the amidolytic activity of activated F.XI (F.XIa). 10-1 inhibited the activation of factor IX in coagulant assay for F.XIa by Mannhalter. And 4-1 and 7-1 did so partially, whereas 2-1 did not. In immunoblotting analysis, all antibodies bound to F.XI, its reduced form and F.XIa. All were directed against the heavy chain of F.XI. All antibodies recognized F.XIa-alpha 1 antitrypsin complex. PMID- 3487136 TI - ICTH(International Committee on Haemostasis and Thrombosis)--Sub committee on Clinical Trials. Registry of Multicenter Clinical Trials. Seventh Report--1985. PMID- 3487134 TI - [Immunological status and the condition of local defense factors in patients with various forms of chronic bronchitis treated by using performed physical factors]. AB - Physiotherapeutic and other methods were employed for the treatment of patients with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (CNB), chronic bronchitis with transient obstruction of the small bronchi of inflammatory genesis, chronic asthmatic bronchitis (CAB) and chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). The level of secretory IgA and relative E-RFC number in the bronchial wash off, lysozyme concentration, the level of IgA and titer of heterophilic normal antibodies in the saliva were assessed. The content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood was studied. The results were assessed with a method of discrete-dynamic analysis. It was established that the incorporation of inductothermia with ethonium electrophoresis and the magnetic field effect on the thyroid in CAB and inductothermia with ethonium-electrophoresis in COB in the complex of therapeutic measures produced a positive effect. In CNB (inactive phase) and COB patients inductothermia resulted in restoration of some interrelationships in the immune system whereas in CAB patients in their dysbalance. Different changes in the levels of interrelationships of certain parameters of the immune system were observed in the incorporation of sinusoidal modulated currents in the therapeutic complexes. PMID- 3487139 TI - Heterogeneity of factor IX BM. Difference of cleavage sites by factor XIa and Ca2+ in factor IX Kashihara, factor IX Nagoya and factor IX Niigata. AB - Abnormal factor IX was isolated from the plasma of a patient with hemophilia B Kashihara and two patients with hemophilia BM. The F.IX was purified to homogeneity by using monoclonal anti-F.IX-Sephrose, heparin-Sepharose and DEAE Sephadex A-50 affinity chromatography successively. The isolated proteins have the same molecular weight and the same mobility on crossed immunoelectrophoresis as normal F.IX. The limited proteolysis of purified proteins was induced by F.XIa/Ca2+ or by RVV-X/Ca2+. A time course study showed that F.IX Nagoya seemed to be cleaved by neither F.XIa nor RVV-X, F.IX Kashihara was cleaved partially by F.XIa but not by RVV-X, and that F.IX Niigata was cleaved completely at the rate similar to normal F.IX, though the resultant product of F.IX Niigata did not show any F.IXa activity. These results favored the view that hemophilia B+ or BM is a heterogeneous disorder. PMID- 3487140 TI - Management of anterior compartment syndrome in two high responder factor VIII inhibitor patients with activated prothrombin complex concentrate. PMID- 3487141 TI - Mechanism of toxicity of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol in rats. AB - 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) is the toxic metabolite of the anesthetic agent fluroxene. TFE treatment (0.21 g/kg, ip) of male Wistar rats significantly reduced peripheral white blood cell count, bone marrow nucleated cellularity, and dry weight of the small intestine. These toxic effects of TFE were first observed at 8 to 16 hr after treatment, persisted for 96 hr, and were accompanied by severe diarrhea and edema of the small intestine. A non-lethal dose of TFE increased the sensitivity of rats to bacterial endotoxin lethality by approximately 1000-fold. Antibiotic and antiendotoxin pretreatment reduced the lethality of TFE from 80 to 20% of the rats, but did not prevent the other toxic effects of TFE. In vitro experiments with serum from TFE-pretreated rats (0.13 g/kg) supported the growth of an average of 65% fewer cultured bone marrow cell colonies compared to the number of colonies produced when serum from control rats was used. This suggests that TFE-induced bone marrow depression and leukopenia are related to a decrease in colony stimulating factor activity. Taken together these results explain the rapid development of lethal bacterial infections in TFE treated rats. TFE-mediated damage to the small intestine combined with prolonged leukopenia decreases the resistance of the rat to endogenous pathogens leading to systemic bacterial infection. In addition, the increased sensitivity to endotoxin induced by TFE leads to lethal endotoxemia. PMID- 3487143 TI - [Shifts in the immune processes and regeneration during the electrostimulation of the healing of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3487142 TI - Strain differences in cadmium-mediated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in mice. AB - Strain differences were investigated on the proliferative responses of splenic lymphocytes obtained from C3H/He, BALB/c, and DBA/2 mice that were treated with cadmium (Cd) for 5 days (0.5 or 1.0 mg Cd/kg/day, sc), and the results were compared with those of in vitro treatment of spleen cells with Cd. Following in vivo treatment, splenocytes from the C3H strain were significantly more susceptible to suppressive effects of Cd exposure on all indices for proliferative responses to mitogens (concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide) and allogeneic lymphocytes, while those from DBA and BALB strains were fairly resistant. Among the three strains, the highest Cd concentrations in plasma and spleen were obtained in the C3H strain with the lowest hepatic concentration of Cd. On the other hand, the Cd exposure hardly affected the splenic concentration of zinc in the C3H strain in contrast to its decrease in the others. When spleen cells obtained from normal mice were treated in vitro with Cd, the C3H strain was more resistant to the suppressive effect of Cd than the other strains. These results indicate that the mouse strain variations in Cd-mediated suppression of lymphocyte proliferation are not based on intrinsic lymphocyte sensitivities, but likely are due to differences in the metabolism of Cd, which is under genetic control. PMID- 3487144 TI - Immunologic effects of cyclosporine. PMID- 3487145 TI - [Factors of parallelism in the sense organs]. AB - Factors of parallel development of the gravity receptor, traced back in phylogenesis of vertebrates and invertebrates, are presented, and associations of the receptor with the nervous system and eye are considered. The parallel development is due to the similar, hereditary fixed behaviour of animals in relation to such a definite physical factor as the gravitational field of the Earth. PMID- 3487146 TI - [Immunological study of the T- and B-lymphocytes in normal cows and in chronic lympholeukemia]. AB - T- and B-lymphocyte populations from lymphoid organs and tissue of normal cattle and cattle with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were studied. Comparative studies of surface properties, quantitative parameters and heterogeneity of main T- and B-cell populations were performed. It must be noted that proliferation of B-lymphocytes, bearing surface IgM in blood, lymph nodes and spleen is closely connected with the progression of leukaemic process. An increased number of B lymphocytes (2-3 times) with the receptors for complement was found. The proportion of T mu and T gamma cell subsets in CLL cows is distorted. The T gamma cell subset in T-cell suspensions from blood and spleen in CLL cows prevails in comparison with that in controls. The number of T mu cells in blood and lymph nodes in CLL is decreased. PMID- 3487147 TI - [New radioisotope studies of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3487148 TI - [T and B systems of immunity in patients with chronic prostatitis complicated by infertility]. PMID- 3487150 TI - Reproduction and periparturient care. PMID- 3487149 TI - [Dynamics of the indicators of electric sensitivity and lability of the visual system in patients treated by contact electric stimulation of the affected optic nerves]. PMID- 3487151 TI - Canine breeding management. AB - A prebreeding examination should be performed on animals of both sexes to ensure their optimal health at the time of breeding. At this time, the medical and reproductive histories should be reviewed to detect potential negative influences upon the reproductive tract. Serologic testing for canine brucellosis should be performed to detect and remove infected animals from the breeding program. Examination of the female reproductive tract may be limited to the caudal vagina, vestibule, and vulva. Defects that cause pain and reluctance to breed may be detected with thorough digital and visual inspection. The male reproductive tract can be examined along nearly its entire length without special techniques. Semen may be collected for initial evaluation of testicular function and fertility. Swelling of the vulva and a hemorrhagic vaginal discharge will alert the observant owner to the onset of proestrus. Vaginal cytology may be examined every few days after the observed onset of proestrus to determine the onset of estrus. Breeding should be performed by natural or artificial insemination every 2 to 4 days during estrus to achieve optimal conception rates. The bitch should not be exhibited or trained during the period of potential pregnancy. Unnecessary drugs should not be administered. A diagnosis of pregnancy may be made by abdominal palpation 28 to 30 days after the last breeding. Serum progesterone levels may be measured if pregnancy is not established to determine if ovulation occurred and if sufficient levels of progesterone are present to maintain pregnancy. Optimal breeding management techniques can often result in the maximum reproductive efficiency desired. PMID- 3487152 TI - Feline breeding management. AB - A comprehensive understanding of behavioral-gonadal-endocrine interrelationships is a prerequisite for the effective management of any feline breeding program. Some of the topics discussed in this article are seasonality of breeding behavior, problems associated with copulation, suggested mating schemes, and pharmacologic control of reproductive cyclicity. PMID- 3487153 TI - Disorders of pregnancy. AB - Ectopic pregnancy, uterine torsion, hypocalcemia, and hypoglycemia are discussed. A diagnostic and therapeutic approach to spontaneous abortion and embryonic death is given. Infectious causes of abortion are emphasized. Discussed are the normal variation in gestation length and its relationship to the diagnosis of dystocia as well as the diagnosis and treatment of dystocia. PMID- 3487154 TI - Nutrition and management of reproduction in the cat. AB - Sound, active programs for management and disease control are crucial to the long term viability of a feline reproduction colony. The guidelines provided here may be individually tailored for management programs in catteries of all sizes. The clinician involved with the health care of reproducing cats incurs a broad range of responsibility, and the impact of incomplete application of basic principles must be appreciated. PMID- 3487155 TI - Postpartum diseases. AB - This article includes discussions about postpartum care of the dam and postpartum disorders in the bitch such as hemorrhage, uterine prolapse, metritis, mastitis, eclampsia, and subinvolution of the placental sites. PMID- 3487156 TI - Drug therapy during pregnancy and in the neonate. AB - This article presents important clinical pharmacologic aspects of drug therapy during pregnancy. It reviews the potential adverse effects on the mother and conceptus caused by drugs and includes specific recommendations for therapy. Extensive tables are included that list drugs that are safe and those that are contraindicated during pregnancy. PMID- 3487157 TI - Non-neoplastic disorders of the mammary gland. PMID- 3487158 TI - Vaginal disorders. AB - Chronic vaginitis is the most common vaginal disorder. Dogs with vaginitis show no signs of systemic illness but often lick at the vulva and have purulent or hemorrhagic vaginal discharges. Vaginitis is most commonly secondary to a noninfectious inciting factor such as congenital vaginal anomalies, clitoral hypertrophy, foreign bodies, trauma to the vaginal mucosa, or vaginal tumors. Inspection of the caudal vagina and vestibule both visually and digitally will often reveal the source of vaginal irritation. Vaginal cytology is used to establish the stage of the estrous cycle as well as distinguish uterine from vaginal sources of discharge. Vaginal cultures are used to establish the predominant offending organism associated with vaginal discharges and may be used as a guide for selection of a therapeutic agent. Vaginitis is best managed by removing the inciting cause and treating the area locally with antiseptic douches. Congenital malformations at the vestibulovaginal or vestibulovulvar junction may prevent normal intromission. Affected bitches may be reluctant to breed naturally because of pain. Such defects are detected best by digital examination. Congenital vaginal defects may be corrected by digital or surgical means. Prolapse of tissue through the lips of the vulva may be caused by clitoral hypertrophy, vaginal hyperplasia, or vaginal tumors. Enlargement of clitoral tissue is the result of endogenous or exogenous sources of androgens. Treatment of this condition includes removal of the androgen source and/or surgical removal of clitoral tissue. Vaginal hyperplasia is detected during proestrus or estrus of young bitches. Hyperplastic tissue will regress during diestrus. Tissue that is excessively traumatized and/or prolapse of the entire vaginal circumference may be removed surgically. Ovariohysterectomy may be used to prevent recurrence. Vaginal tumors are detected most often in older intact bitches. Such tumors are generally of smooth muscle or fibrous tissue origin and benign. Surgical excision of the tumor combined with ovariohysterectomy is usually curative. PMID- 3487159 TI - Pyometra. AB - Pyometra is a relatively uncommon diestral uterine disorder seen primarily in older bitches and queens. The incidence of pyometra appears to be increasing, especially in younger animals, as a result of increasing use of estrogen and progesterone for mismating and for certain medical disorders. The clinical signs of pyometra and abnormalities on physical examination are dependent on the patency of the cervix and how quickly the client recognizes the problem. Ovariohysterectomy is still the treatment of choice; however, prostaglandin F2 alpha as a medical alternative in the management of pyometra is gaining more and more acceptance. The goal of prostaglandin F2 alpha therapy is to salvage the reproductive tract in the young breeding bitch or queen in the hopes of obtaining future litters. The results have been very promising, especially for bitches or queens with open-cervix pyometra. Prostaglandin F2 alpha appears to offer the owner a reasonable alternative in the management of pyometra. PMID- 3487160 TI - Genetic disorders affecting reproduction and periparturient care. AB - There are numerous genetic diseases influencing reproduction and periparturient care in dogs including such disorders as anasarca, cleft palate, swimmers, congenital heart disease, and the various conditions that cause excessive bleeding. It is probable that all breeds of dogs are at risk for these or other traits that influence whelping and neonatal care. Therefore, genetic counseling should be considered as an important aspect of prenatal and pediatric veterinary medicine. PMID- 3487161 TI - Canine prostatic diseases. AB - Prostatic diseases such as benign hyperplasia, prostatic cysts, acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, prostatic abscessation, and prostatic neoplasia are discussed. Also discussed are diagnostic techniques such as prostatic palpation and massage, evaluation of semen and urethral discharge, and radiography. PMID- 3487162 TI - The need for an eclectic, rather than systems, approach to the study of the primate oculomotor system. AB - The failure of the Systems Approach to add to our understanding of the primate oculomotor system is traced out from the introduction of this approach 30 years ago to recent developments which open up the possibility of studying, separately, stimulus and psychological inputs to the smooth pursuit subsystem. Prior failure to have a valid technique for separating complex central factors from underlying reflex mechanisms compromises current understanding of oculomotor performance and its putative neurological substrate. PMID- 3487163 TI - The use of a system analysis approach to electrodiagnostic (ERG and VEP) assessment. AB - To evaluate the integrity of a biological system and its constituent functional units, a systematic study of input-output relations adopted from engineering has proven appropriate. With such an approach, sequential analysis can be implemented to probe the various parameter extractions along, for example, the visual system. The a priori assumption in this approach is that the visual world is processed along functionally separate pathways yielding distinct percepts such as contrast and motion. This so-called channel approach has proven useful not only to basic vision research but also for clinical application. The present overview shows that on the basis of the ERG or VEP, a type of functional anatomy can be performed with the biological system of interest remaining intact. Finally, it will be demonstrated that electrophysiological output parameters of the visual system can also serve as a non-invasive entry to investigate general systemic disorders. PMID- 3487164 TI - The systems approach to the oculomotor system. AB - Recent progress in understanding the oculomotor system is briefly reviewed. This progress is largely due to technological advances such as the ability to record from neurons in behaving animals. Furthermore, parts of the oculomotor system are now well-enough understood that the techniques of exact science, such as quantitation and mathematical description, are becoming useful. This, in turn, leads to the use of the language of systems analysis, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex is examined as an example of such a description. Systems analysis not only organizes current knowledge but leads to predictions by way of hypotheses known as models. A model of time integration by neurons is given as an example. It is put forward to illustrate that our biggest problem at the moment is an inability to test such models at the neuronal network level. PMID- 3487166 TI - [Indications for using thymalin in the therapy of children with chronic viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3487165 TI - Background size and saturation of the rod system. AB - To determine the effect of background size on saturation of the human rod system, we measured threshold-vs-intensity (tvi) functions for a 24'-diameter, middle wavelength test stimulus against long-wavelength background fields that were either 2 degrees or 8 degrees in diameter. When thresholds were measured against a series of background intensities presented during a single experimental session (a standard tvi procedure), rod increment thresholds were higher against the smaller background and eventually disappeared above cone increment thresholds at moderate background intensities. This result suggests that background diameter does influence rod system saturation. However, when adaptation to the smaller background was limited to a 5 min exposure to a single background intensity per experimental session, then thresholds against that background were rod- rather than cone-mediated and were comparable to rod thresholds against an 8 degrees background. Therefore, under these stimulus conditions, background size apparently does not influence rod system saturation unless adaptation to the smaller background is prolonged. Based on previous studies, we suggest that the rod-desensitizing effect of small backgrounds under conditions of prolonged adaptation is due to a post-retinal mechanism. PMID- 3487167 TI - [Use of transcranial electroanalgesia in cephalalgias of various origins]. PMID- 3487168 TI - Measurement of platelet surface-bound IgG by a monoclonal 125I-anti-IgG assay. AB - We have described the use of a monoclonal 125I-labeled anti-IgG (125I-MA) to assay IgG antibody displayed on the surface of platelets from normal and immune thrombocytopenic patients and reported levels of IgG 10-100-fold lower than previous studies. This report describes the immunologic characteristics of the 125I-MA and the assay for surface IgG. The 125I-MA has a high binding affinity for surface-displayed IgG (2.22 X 10(9) M-1), reacts equally well with all four subclasses of IgG and not at all with IgM or IgA. In our assay, the binding of 125I-MA was found to be greater than or equal to 99% specific for IgG (no nonspecific association of 125I-MA with platelets) and the binding ratio of 125I MA to IgG displayed on the cell surface was 0.91 (close to unity). Finally, platelet lysates were found to contain large amounts of IgG protein (39,597 +/- 27,418 molecules/platelet) as compared to surface-displayed IgG (124 +/- 86 molecules/platelet). This assay has excellent characteristics for quantitation of IgG on platelets and the discrepancy with other techniques may, in part, be due to intentional or inadvertent lysis of platelets during assay conditions. PMID- 3487169 TI - [General antitrypsin activity in the blood of smokers]. PMID- 3487170 TI - [Effect of extracorporeal carbohemoperfusion on immunologic indices of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3487171 TI - [Immune changes in endemic goiter (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3487172 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and hypercalcemia. PMID- 3487173 TI - An in vivo assessment of the brain in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3487174 TI - Prostaglandins--lifesaving drugs for postpartum uterine atony. PMID- 3487175 TI - [Clinical analysis of hemorrhages from the upper segment of the digestive tract in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 3487177 TI - Metabolism of 3-nitrophenol by the frog Rana temporaria. AB - Frogs injected with 3-nitrophenol excreted 85-93% of the administered dose within 17 h; 70-90% dose was metabolized. Metabolites identified comprise 3-nitrophenyl glucuronide (57% dose), 3-nitrophenyl sulphate (24% dose), and 3-acetamidophenyl sulphate (2% dose). Traces of the following metabolites were found: 3 acetamidophenyl glucuronide, 3-acetamidophenol, 4-nitrocatechol, nitroquinol, 4 nitrocatechol sulphate and nitroquinol sulphate. PMID- 3487176 TI - [Significance of emergency endoscopy in severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - 312 of a total of 543 emergency endoscopies were carried out in patients with severe haemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This was defined as a haemorrhage of such severity that at least 2 of the following 3 criteria were present: a shock index greater than 1, an erythrocyte count of less than 3 million/mm3, and a transfusion requirement of three or more 500 ml bags of blood. The source of the bleeding was exactly located in 247 endoscopies, and accurate diagnoses were established in 94.4% of the cases examined. The most frequent source of bleeding was oesophageal varices, followed by duodenal ulcers. In 20.2% of these cases, further sources of potential haemorrhage were found in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic diagnosis resulted in immediate, specific therapy in 286 cases. Treatment was given within the first 24 hours in every case. 24.7% of our patients had to undergo laparotomy immediately after endoscopy. 30.4% were given H2 receptor inhibitors, and 35.6% underwent endoscopic haemostasis. The mortality rate in these patients was 29.5%. These results indicate that emergency endoscopy is an important aid to decision-making in cases of severe haemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3487178 TI - [Complex rehabilitation of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in interdisciplinary responsibility]. PMID- 3487179 TI - Industrial population survey on the importance of chronic bronchitis and asthma like symptoms in airflow obstruction. AB - The report includes a description of the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and asthma-like symptoms in the industrial population in an attempt to study the relationship between these two syndromes and airflow obstruction. The data were derived from the cross-sectional study performed in 4,717 male workers employed in the chemical industrial complex situated near Cracow, Poland. It was observed that the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms in the population under study was unexpectedly higher than that of chronic bronchitis. The results confirmed that there was no cause-effect relationship between productive cough and airflow obstruction but it was shown that asthma-like syndrome increased the risk of airflow obstruction. The supposed strong biologic impact of asthma-like symptoms on airflow obstruction should draw an attention to this syndrome in the occupational epidemiology of chronic chest diseases. PMID- 3487180 TI - [Development of body weight in males of the Wurzen district 1961-1983]. AB - In 1961, 1971 and 1983 additional medical parameters, among them body length and body weight, were established during the mass radiographies in the district of Wurzen. From the data of 7,670 males from the year 1983 for two 10-year age groups regression equations between body weight and body length were determined. The calculation of relative weights was performed on the basis of the optimum weights after Ott. The longitudinal comparison from 1961 to 1971 resulted in an increase of the number of persons with overweight by 17.7% during 10 years. The results of the examinations of the year 1983 showed that the trend to the increase of body weight continues in the male inhabitants of the district of Wurzen. PMID- 3487181 TI - [Adenosine deaminase activity in levamisole treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Nine patients who fell ill with a classical or unequivocal rheumatoid arthritis were treated with 150 mg Levamisol a week. Before the beginning of the therapy and on the day after the fourth intake of medicaments the activity of the adenosine deaminase in lymphocytes, erythrocytes and in the plasma was determined. An influence on the enzyme activity by Levamisol could not be proved. Before as well as after the Levamisol therapy the enzyme activity in the erythrocytes was diminished. PMID- 3487182 TI - [Seasonal incidence of duodenal ulcer--a myth?]. AB - A retrospective study was performed on 1091 acute duodenal ulcers found by endoscopy from 1973-1983. The chi 2-test verified statistically a maximum of ulcers in autumn. The vectorial analysis by means of the Rayleigh-Test showed a maximum of observed ulcers in November for all of the patients as well as for subjects with a duodenal ulcer seen only once, or with one relapse found endoscopically. Patients with three or more successive duodenal ulcers showed an individual pattern with or without seasonal periodicity. In chronic duodenal ulcer disease the individual long-time follow-up might be useful in prophylactic anti-ulcer therapy. PMID- 3487183 TI - [New methods in the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomas]. PMID- 3487184 TI - [Alpha interferon in the therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphomas]. AB - 5 patients suffering from T-cell lymphomas at different stages were treated with human alpha-interferone. One of the patients showed mild partial remission, two patients had but a poor and short-lasting improvement of their condition, in one case there was no change at all, and in another case, worsening of the clinical picture was observed. Controls of the relevant laboratory parameters (including NK-cells, T-cell subpopulations, antibodies and complement, oligo-(A)-synthetase, and interferone serum levels) did not always reveal the changes that had been expected to be induced by the therapy. PMID- 3487186 TI - AIDS: dealing with the hysteria. PMID- 3487185 TI - Immunological memory and lymphoblast-migration in mice infected with Hymenolepis nana. AB - The presence of small cells carrying memory and lymphoblast migration in C57 Bl/6N inbred mice with the intestinal parasite Hymenolepis nana were investigated. Hymenolepis nana egg-infection stimulated an enhanced accumulation of mesenteric lymphoblasts at days 3, 6 and 9 after infection; lymphoblasts accumulated selectively in the mesenteric nodes (MLN) of mice suggesting a cell trapping effect. The migration was studied using lymphoblasts from non-infected donors. Spleen cells and MLNC collected from donor mice 30 days after a primary infection and enriched for T cells were able to transfer an adoptive immunity, by contrast unseparated cells were uneffective. This result provides preliminary evidence for the existence of T memory cells in the spleen and in the mesenteric nodes. PMID- 3487187 TI - [Risk coefficient for the evaluation of the incidence of venereal diseases among professional groups]. PMID- 3487188 TI - [Rengasil in the therapy of psoriatic arthropathy]. PMID- 3487189 TI - [Prospects of using immunocorrective treatment with an active thymus factor (taktivin) in dermatology]. PMID- 3487190 TI - [Nephrotomy closure with fibrin glue]. AB - In 45 patients staghorn calculi were removed in hypothermic ischaemia by one or several nephrotomies. The renal parenchyma was without parenchymal sutures atraumatically treated with the fibrin adhesive and a continuous renal capsule suture. After this simple technique of the adhesion of renal parenchyma no complications which needed operation occurred. PMID- 3487191 TI - [Effect of the intensity and quality of chemical stimuli on the cellular membrane potentials of the taste bud in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - It has been demonstrated that coding of the intensity and quality of taste stimulation may be realized via the complex of amplitude and temporal parameters of the depolarization response. PMID- 3487193 TI - Redo coronary surgery. PMID- 3487192 TI - [Ultrastructure of the skin after electroacupuncture]. AB - Electron-microscopic examination of the nervous apparatus of the acupuncture points of the rabbit ear has shown that the motor receptor structure of reflexotherapeutic impacts seems to be bundles of nerve fibers with their microenvironment--blood vessels, mast cells, histiocytes. Acupuncture with electrical stimulation and acupuncture based on direct mechanical impact (trauma, compression) and the resultant local inflammation irritate the nerve conductors and initiate the effects of reflexotherapy. PMID- 3487194 TI - Aortic and mitral valve replacement in osteogenesis imperfecta. Report of a case. AB - A patient with osteogenesis imperfecta and mitral and aortic insufficiency, who underwent valve replacement, is described. The post-operative course was complicated by mitral valve dehiscence due to extreme friability of the mitral valve annulus. PMID- 3487195 TI - Antihypertensive therapy: problems and perspectives. PMID- 3487196 TI - The influence of socioeconomic factors on blood pressure control during a community-based hypertension control programme. AB - The hypertension programme of the North Karelia Project aimed at lowering the high blood pressure level among the whole population. The influence of socioeconomic factors on the effect of reorganized hypertension care was analyzed among a cohort of 222 hypertensive patients during the five year follow-up. The fall in mean arterial pressure was significantly greater in North Karelia than in the reference area. A slight but not significant difference was found in blood pressure reduction between high and low socioeconomical classes. The results were better in higher socioeconomic groups, but the blood pressure reduction was clear also in lower socioeconomic groups. Our results indicate that the systematic community-based hypertension control programme will result in favourable changes in blood pressure level in the entire population without any clear preference on particular socioeconomic subgroups. PMID- 3487197 TI - Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in vitamin D supplemented pregnant women. A longitudinal study. AB - The serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-OHD, 1,25-(OH)2D, 24,25 (OH)2D and 25,26-(OH)2D, and of vitamin D binding protein (DBP), were determined longitudinally in 22 vitamin D supplemented pregnant women, and in 17 age-matched non-pregnant women studied during the summer. The pregnant women had higher 25 OHD and 1,25-(OH)2D, similar 24,25-(OH)2D, and lower 25,26-(OH)2D concentrations than the non-pregnant group. The relative concentrations of 24,25-(OH)2D and 25,26-(OH)2D (expressed as the molar ratio of these metabolites to 25-OHD) were lower during pregnancy. The DBP levels were increased in pregnancy, but the calculated free fraction (i.e. not bound to DBP) of the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2D, was still persistently higher in the pregnant than in the non pregnant women. The study suggests that a daily vitamin D supplement of 400 IU satisfies the vitamin D requirement of pregnant women living in a cool climate with limited sun exposure. The increased absolute and relative concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D and decreased relative levels of 24,25-(OH)2D and 25,26-(OH)2D further suggest that the increased intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, which is known to occur during pregnancy, is at least partially mediated by the vitamin D endocrine system. PMID- 3487198 TI - Autopsy findings in three family members with a presumably acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of unknown etiology. AB - This paper presents clinical, immunological and post-mortem findings in three family members (husband, wife and daughter) who all died in 1976 after having had chronic and recurrent opportunistic infections for many years. In all of them a progressive, presumably acquired T-lymphocyte defect associated with B-lymphocyte dysfunction had been diagnosed several years before death. The clinical and immunological findings are compatible with those seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by HTLV-III/LAV infection, but examinations of stored blood samples from the three patients were negative with regard to the presence of HTLV-III/LAV antibodies. This immunodeficiency may therefore have been caused by an infectious agent of unknown nature. The most remarkable finding on post-mortem examination was the presence of a granulomatous encephalomyelitis with multinucleated giant cells in the husband and his wife. In addition, the wife's CNS revealed scattered microglial nodules. No infectious agents could be demonstrated, and the etiology of this peculiar CNS affection therefore remains obscure. PMID- 3487199 TI - Large, but not small, antigens require time- and temperature-dependent processing in accessory cells before they can be recognized by T cells. AB - We have studied if antigens of different size and structure all require processing in antigen-presenting cells of guinea-pigs before they can be recognized by T cells. The method of mild paraformaldehyde fixation was used to stop antigen-processing in the antigen-presenting cells. As a measure of antigen presentation we used the proliferative response of appropriately primed T cells during a co-culture with the paraformaldehyde-fixed and antigen-exposed presenting cells. We demonstrate that the large synthetic polypeptide antigen, dinitrophenyl-poly-L-lysine, requires processing. After an initial time-lag of 30 min this antigen is fully processed within 2 to 4 of culture at 37 degrees C. In contrast, the immunogenic heptapeptide, angiotensin III, can be presented by pre fixed accessory cells, viz. without any prior processing. Antigen processing was found to be temperature-dependent and consequently energy-requiring. Processing is strongly inhibited by the lysosomotrophic drug, chloroquine, suggesting a lysosomal involvement in antigen processing. The existence of a minor, non lysosomal pathway is suggested, since small amounts of antigen were processed even at 10 degrees C, at which temperature no transport to and from the lysosomes can occur. PMID- 3487200 TI - Immune function in patients with previous yersinia arthritis: lymphocyte responses to PHA and Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I. AB - Evidence has accumulated that, first, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and humoral factors such as fragments of complement components may regulate immune response, and second, PMN function is enhanced in HLA-B27-positive subjects. We therefore used a whole-blood culture technique to study lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA) in blood samples obtained from patients with previous yersinia arthritis and from healthy subjects with or without HLA-B27. In another series of experiments, mononuclear cells were separated from peripheral blood and lymphocyte responses to Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I, a B-cell mitogen in fetal calf serum, and to PHA in pooled normal human serum were determined. The patients and the control subjects were always tested simultaneously. The results showed no significant differences between the subject groups. This suggests that humoral factors and enhanced neutrophil function do not exert remarkable effects on in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens in HLA-B27-positive subjects. PMID- 3487201 TI - MRI of brain iron. AB - A prominently decreased signal intensity in the globus pallidum, reticular substantia nigra, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus was routinely noted in 150 consecutive individuals on T2-weighted images (SE 2000/100) using a high field strength (1.5 T)MR system. This MR finding correlated closely with the decreased estimated T2 relaxation times and the sites of preferential accumulation of ferric iron using the Perls staining method on normal postmortem brains. The decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images thus provides an accurate in vivo map of the normal distribution of brain iron. Perls stain and MR studies in normal brain also confirm an intermediate level of iron distribution in the striatum, and still lower levels in the cerebral gray and white matter. In the white matter, iron concentration is (a) absent in the most posterior portion of the internal capsule and optic radiations, (b) higher in the frontal than occipital regions, and (c) prominent in the subcortical "U" fibers, particularly in the temporal lobe. There is no iron in the brain at birth; it increases progressively with aging. Knowledge of the distribution of brain iron should assist in elucidating normal anatomic structures and in understanding neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 3487203 TI - MRI of radiation injury to the brain. AB - Nine patients with a history of radiation of 2400-6000 rad (24-60 Gy) to the brain were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). MRI demonstrated abnormalities in the periventricular white matter in all patients. The abnormal periventricular signal was characterized by a long T2 and was demonstrated best on coronal spin-echo (SE) 1000/80 images. A characteristic scalloped appearance at the junction of the gray-white matter was seen on MR images of seven patients, and represented extensive white-matter damage involving the more peripheral arcuate fiber systems. This differs from transependymal absorption, which is seen best on SE 3000/80 images and has a smooth peripheral margin. Cranial CT demonstrated white-matter lucencies in six cases but generally failed to display the extent of white-matter injury demonstrated by MRI. MRI is uniquely suited to detect radiation injury to the brain because of its extreme sensitivity to white-matter edema. PMID- 3487204 TI - MRI of the chronically injured cervical spinal cord. AB - Thirteen patients with prior cervical spinal cord injury resulting in quadriplegia were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) long after their initial injury, either because of the relatively recent onset of new and worsening neurologic symptoms or to rule our residual compression on the spinal cord or nerve roots. The results of MRI were compared with delayed metrizamide computed tomography (CT) in 10 cases, and in five of those the results were also compared with intraoperative spinal sonography. It was found that MRI more accurately demonstrated the intramedullary abnormalities in the injured spinal cord than did delayed metrizamide CT because the former could separate myelomalacia from a posttraumatic spinal cord cyst, a differentiation that was frequently difficult with delayed metrizamide CT. T2-weighted spin-echo pulsing sequences with long echo times were particularly useful in evaluating these patients. PMID- 3487202 TI - Organized intracerebral hematoma with acute hemorrhage: CT patterns and pathologic correlations. AB - Five cases of pathologically proven organized intracerebral hematoma with recent hemorrhage are reported. The hemorrhages were spontaneous, were located in deep structures of the brain, and presented without a clinical history of hypertension or trauma. No underlying causes of the hematomas were identified histologically. Various computed tomographic (CT) patterns of recurrent hemorrhage in an organized hematoma were observed. A hyperdense, well demarcated mass with minimal contrast enhancement but no surrounding edema was observed when rehemorrhage was confined within a late-organizing hematoma. A "target" sign of a ring-enhancing mass was observed when the new hemorrhage developed within an early-organizing hematoma. When a new hemorrhage occurred outside a solid-enhancing organized hematoma, the CT appearance suggested a possible tumoral hemorrhage. Close clinical and CT follow-up is desirable for initial management of a suspicious rehemorrhaging organized hematoma situated in the deep-seated or superficial sensitive structures if the symptomatology has stabilized or improved. Tissue diagnosis and surgical evacuation are indicated when the clinical course fluctuates or progresses and CT demonstrates an interval increase of lesion. PMID- 3487205 TI - Benign schwannomas: pathologic basis for CT inhomogeneities. AB - Four cases of pathologically proven benign schwannoma were reviewed and the histology was compared with the CT appearance. Each tumor was of mixed CT attenuation, which has been thought to be an indication of malignancy. The areas of inhomogeneity on CT in these cases may relate pathologically to confluent areas of hypocellularity adjacent to densely cellular or collagenous regions, xanthomatous change, and/or regions of cystic degeneration. It is concluded that schwannomas may have areas of mixed attenuation on CT, that these areas can probably be explained by distinct findings on pathologic examination, and that inhomogeneity can represent benign or malignant disease. PMID- 3487206 TI - The normal nasopharyngogram. PMID- 3487207 TI - Percutaneous biliary drainage in diffuse Caroli's disease (case report). PMID- 3487208 TI - Insertion of a large-caliber biliary endoprosthesis via the T-tube tract (technical note). PMID- 3487209 TI - Indium-granulocyte scanning in the painful prosthetic joint. AB - The value of indium-111-labeled granulocyte scanning to determine the presence of infection was assessed in 50 prosthetic joints (41 of which were painful) in 40 patients. Granulocytes were obtained from the patients' blood and labeled in plasma with indium 111 tropolonate. Abnormal accumulation of indium 111 in the region of the prosthesis was noted. Proven infection occurred in 11 prostheses, and all of the infections were detected by indium-111-labeled granulocyte scanning. Nineteen were not infected (including nine asymptomatic controls) and only two produced false-positive scans. This represents a specificity of 89.5%, sensitivity of 100%, and overall accuracy of 93.2%. These results compare favorably with plain radiography. There was no radiologic evidence of infection in three of the infected prostheses, and 10 of the noninfected prostheses had some radiologic features that suggested sepsis. We conclude that indium granulocyte scanning can reliably detect or exclude infection in painful prosthetic joints and should prove useful in clinical management. PMID- 3487210 TI - CT demonstration of calcified mediastinal lymph nodes: a guide to the new ATS classification. PMID- 3487211 TI - 111 In-labeled leukocytes in the detection of prosthetic vascular graft infections. AB - Making a clinical diagnosis of infection in prosthetic vascular grafts is difficult but when undiagnosed, this condition has a high mortality rate. Using Indium-111-labeled white-blood cells, 30 scans were performed in 21 patients suspected of having a prosthetic graft infection. The diagnosis of infected graft was confirmed by surgery in all cases, and lack of infection was established by resolution of symptoms with conservative therapy. Twenty-four hour scans of autologous Indium-111 leukocytes were obtained, and correlative CT studies were done in 11 cases. There were 13 infected grafts at surgery (purulent material present), and scans were positive in all (100% sensitivity); of 17 scans, there were 15 true negatives and two false positives (88% specificity). Using the criteria of gas or fluid around the graft, the sensitivity of CT was only 37% in a small subset of these patients. One-half of the cases in which infection was suspected clinically had no infection and had negative scans. Various types of grafts and graft materials were used, and there was no correlation with presence or absence of infection on the basis of the type of graft. Extragraft infection sites were found in five patients. In conclusion, use of Indium-111 leukocytes has been found to be an accurate and valuable diagnostic method for evaluation of suspected prosthetic vascular graft infection, and to have higher diagnostic accuracy than CT. PMID- 3487213 TI - Radiocolloid scintigraphy in Felty's syndrome. AB - The Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scintigrams of nine patients with Felty's syndrome (a triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia) were reviewed. The characteristic scintigraphic findings include (1) moderate or severe splenomegaly, (2) the reversal of liver-to-spleen uptake ratio despite normal liver function tests, and (3) virtually no visualization of the bone marrow uptake and no pulmonary radiocolloid sequestration. In a late stage of cirrhosis of the liver, moderate-to-severe splenomegaly with the reversal of liver-to-spleen uptake ratio almost always accompanies abnormal liver function, and sometimes there may be associated pulmonary radiocolloid uptake. It was therefore concluded that in a proper clinical setting, a radiocolloid scintigraph may differentiate between Felty's syndrome and cirrhosis of the liver in a late stage. PMID- 3487212 TI - Evaluation of peritoneovenous shunt patency by intraperitoneal Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin: clinical experience. AB - The clinical utility of peritoneovenous shunt patency studies using intraperitoneal Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin was studied. The patency of a peritoneovenous shunt can be reliably determined using the intraperitoneal injection of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin with the appearance of lung activity as an indicator of patency. In an evaluation of 66 cases of clinically suspected peritoneovenous shunt obstruction, using the appearance of lung activity as the sole criterion of patency, this technique was shown to have a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.2%, and accuracy of 98.5%. Visualization of efferent shunt tubing was variable and not a reliable criterion of shunt patency. This technique should be considered when peritoneovenous shunt patency is questioned. PMID- 3487214 TI - Comparison of patient responses to high- and low-osmolality contrast agents injected intravenously. AB - Low-osmolar intravascular radiographic contrast media have recently been introduced for clinical use in an attempt to reduce the frequency and severity of side effects. This study was undertaken to test patients' subjective reactions to IV injection of three different types of contrast media--iopamidol, meglumine/sodium ioxaglate, and sodium iothalamate. The low-osmolar contrast media (ioxaglate, iopamidol) were found to have a significantly lower frequency of nonidiosyncratic reactions than the high-osmolar contrast media (iothalamate). However, in view of the present cost of low-osmolar contrast media and the relatively minor nature of nonidiosyncratic reactions, it is concluded that high osmolar contrast media should remain the contrast media of choice for routine IV use. PMID- 3487215 TI - Pancreatic mumps: a transient reaction to i.v. contrast media (case report). PMID- 3487217 TI - Screening mammography. PMID- 3487216 TI - Comparison of mammography and transillumination light scanning in the detection of breast lesions. AB - A prospective study was done involving 822 women who had both film screen mammography and a breast transillumination light scan examination. The study population was not randomized; a modified phase-2 study was done. Mammography was superior for detecting malignancy: of the 67 pathologically proved breast cancers, 64 (95.5%) were detected by mammography and 45 (67.2%) were detected by transillumination. Biopsy revealed that 74 patients had benign lesions. In this group of patients, the false-positive rate was 12.2% for light scanning and 79.7% for mammography; however, 117 other patients had false-positive light scans. PMID- 3487218 TI - Computer-assisted scheduling of radiologists. PMID- 3487220 TI - Language of certainty. PMID- 3487219 TI - Classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3487221 TI - Evaluation of a chest phantom for CT nodule densitometry. AB - The characteristics of a chest phantom used for CT nodule densitometry were determined by use of a GE CT 9800 scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI). The supplied reference rods were scanned in different positions within the lung fields of the phantom and with varied chest wall thicknesses. The liver/spleen inserts were added. The CT attenuation values of different-size rods and their mineral content were also tested. The size of the standard rod is the major determinant of its CT number, which varied from 1 to 83 H. The standard rods contained no measurable calcium or other mineral. Position-dependent variability in CT numbers was relatively small with the GE CT 9800 scanner. The simulated chest wall additions and liver/spleen inserts produced only small increases in CT density. We conclude that the GE CT 9800 scanner, as an example of one of the newer CT scanners, shows improved operating characteristics for pulmonary nodule densitometry. Nodule densitometry should be further evaluated with simplified phantoms. PMID- 3487222 TI - Indium-111 leukocyte scanning for myocarditis. PMID- 3487223 TI - Intussusception in adults. PMID- 3487224 TI - The solitary pulmonary nodule: role of CT. PMID- 3487226 TI - Gated cardiac MRI: ejection-fraction determination using the right anterior oblique view. AB - Fifteen adults underwent gated cardiac MR scans in the right anterior oblique position. End-diastolic and end-systolic images were acquired in an imaging plane parallel to the ventricular septum using spin-echo image acquisition on a 0.35-T system. Analysis of ventricular volumes and ejection fractions was performed using the area-length method. These results were correlated with ejection fractions obtained from angiocardiography. The linear regression line obtained for ejection fraction was y = 0.74x + 16 and the r value was 0.789, indicating a reasonable correlation between the two methods. PMID- 3487225 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Although spontaneous pneumothorax has rarely been reported as a complication of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients, recent experience suggests that its frequency is increasing. Seven such cases have been encountered in the past 1 1/2 years, whereas no cases were found in an earlier review at San Francisco General Hospital of 90 AIDS patients of whom 56 had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The cause of this increasing frequency is unknown. PMID- 3487227 TI - Digital indirect portography. AB - Thirty-eight patients underwent digital indirect portography with arterial injections of dilute contrast medium. The portal system was seen in 37 patients. Compared with conventional portography, the technique offers many advantages, including increased sensitivity and earlier visualization of the portal venous system, lower contrast loads, and lack of need for vasodilators. Digital indirect portography is an excellent method for evaluating the portal venous system. PMID- 3487228 TI - CT evaluation of Kimray-Greenfield filter complications. AB - CT is a simple noninvasive method for evaluating inferior-vena-caval filters. The cross-sectional format offers an advantage over other techniques because the pericaval region is also evaluated. Thirteen patients scanned for localization and suspected complications of the Kimray-Greenfield filter revealed pericaval organ injury, retroperitoneal hematoma, and filter perforation. These events could only be inferred indirectly from other imaging techniques. In addition, CT easily demonstrated the position of the filter within the inferior vena cava and the relation of the filter to the renal veins. CT is a valuable adjunct to radiography, echography, and contrast venography in monitoring patients with Kimray-Greenfield filters. PMID- 3487229 TI - Angiography in the in situ saphenous vein bypass. AB - In situ saphenous vein bypass is a technique of lower-extremity revascularization that is gaining popularity as an alternative to the reversed saphenous vein graft. In the latter, the saphenous vein is removed from its bed and reversed before arterial anastomosis. The former uses the vein in situ after the venous valves are made incompetent and the perforators are ligated. Only the proximal and distal ends of the vein are mobilized for anastomosis. The radiologist assists in the management of these patients by performing preoperative venography, intraoperative arteriography, and postoperative arteriography when required. Techniques of these procedures, along with normal and abnormal findings, are discussed. PMID- 3487230 TI - CT after uncomplicated esophageal sclerotherapy. AB - CT scans of the lower chest were performed before and after elective uncomplicated endoscopic esophageal variceal sclerotherapy in nine patients. CT findings included (1) esophageal wall thickening, (2) low attenuation within the wall giving the esophagus a laminated appearance, (3) a predominantly low attenuation mediastinal effusion that was often masslike, (4) obliteration of mediastinal fat planes, (5) thickening of the diaphragmatic crura, (6) pleural effusions, and (7) subsegmental atelectasis. No mediastinal or pleural gas was seen. Changes were less severe in patients who had received sclerotherapy several times in the past and in those who were given the least amount of sclerosant. An understanding of the CT changes after clinically uncomplicated esophageal sclerotherapy will aid in the interpretation of scans performed on patients with suspected complications. PMID- 3487231 TI - Umbilicated adenomas in familial polyposis coli: radiologic and histologic correlation (case report). PMID- 3487232 TI - Perspective: the small bowel examination in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. AB - Enteroclysis has been increasingly recommended for radiologic examination of the small intestine, especially for focal lesions, but also for more extensive processes such as regional enteritis. Seventy-four patients were studied who had a final clinical diagnosis of regional enteritis and who had been examined by more conventional peroral ingestion of barium suspension together with fluoroscopy and vigorous manual compression. In only two cases did the radiographic examination fail to identify proven regional enteritis; one who had an isolated ulcer at an ileorectal anastomosis and one in whom jejunal regional enteritis was mistakenly diagnosed as a mesenteric mass. Careful fluoroscopy of the small intestine combined with vigorous manual compression is a sensitive method of detecting regional enteritis. PMID- 3487233 TI - Avascular necrosis of the hip: comparison of MR, CT, and scintigraphy. AB - The capabilities of MRI, radionuclide bone scanning, and X-ray CT in diagnosing avascular necrosis of the hip were compared in a controlled statistical study. Diagnostic ability was measured as the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Differences in efficacy among various case pools and the standard errors of those differences were calculated. MR was better than both other techniques over the entire case pool, with the difference between MR and radionuclide scanning exceeding 2 standard errors (p less than 0.01). In the subsample of patients including more early cases, MR was better than CT by greater than 2 standard errors and better than radionuclide scanning by over 3 standard errors. This is evidence that MR is the most sensitive imaging technique for the early diagnosis of avascular necrosis. PMID- 3487234 TI - CT of the sternum. PMID- 3487235 TI - MRI of tuberculous spondylitis. AB - Four patients with paravertebral extension of advanced tuberculous intervertebral disk-space infection were studied by CT and MRI. In one patient gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) was administered intravenously as a paramagnetic contrast agent. MRI showed the disk-space abnormalities and extension of the inflammatory process to best advantage in the coronal plane. This plane demonstrated in one image the spinal localization and the paravertebral extension of the inflammation. Gd-DTPA assisted in delineating the communication of the vertebral and paravertebral components of inflammation. This phenomenon introduces an additional diagnostic element into the evaluation of spondylitis. Although the features of advanced tuberculous spondylitis are conspicuously well shown with MRI, further experience is needed to evaluate the potential of MRI in detecting early tuberculous spondylitis in relation to nontuberculous spondylitis. PMID- 3487236 TI - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (case report). PMID- 3487237 TI - Impact of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on percutaneous stone procedures. AB - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is now the primary urologic treatment for symptomatic renal calculi; it is responsible for a substantial decrease in percutaneous stone removal procedures. Three hundred patients treated since ESWL became available are compared with the preceding 300 patients who were treated percutaneously. Since it became available, ESWL has been used alone on over 90% of patients. The cost of ESWL (average $7500) is similar to that of percutaneous removal procedures, and it causes less morbidity. Percutaneous techniques are still necessary before ESWL is performed (2%) for patients with a large number of stones or staghorn calculi, especially when there is obstruction. Percutaneous techniques alone (2%) may be necessary, especially if high-grade ureteropelvic junction obstruction is present. After ESWL, percutaneous drainage or retrieval of stone fragments may be required (2%). The need for interventional uroradiology persists, although its role is changing. For optimal patient care, the radiologist should provide the urologist with imaging consultation, radiation protection advice, and continued assistance in the less frequently used, though still essential, percutaneous calculus removal techniques. PMID- 3487238 TI - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and the radiologist. AB - When a hospital acquires a lithotripter it is unlikely that the volume of interventional radiology performed by personnel in that institution will be reduced. On the contrary, a significant increase in workload will probably occur. This will encompass not only interventional procedures on the urinary tract, but will also involve abdominal radiographs, excretory urograms, and so forth. Additional demands on the radiology department in the form of space, equipment, and possibly technical personnel will go hand in hand with an increase in the professional responsibilities of the attending radiologists. Radiologists must prepare themselves and their departments to meet these new responsibilities so that high standards of patient care can be maintained. PMID- 3487240 TI - Effects of substrate availability on myocardial C-11 palmitate kinetics by positron emission tomography in normal subjects and patients with ventricular dysfunction. AB - The possibility of demonstrating noninvasively with C-11 palmitate and positron emission tomography (PET) changes in myocardial substrate metabolism in normal and diseased human myocardium in response to altered substrate availability in blood and disease-related abnormalities was examined in five normal volunteers and 16 patients with ventricular dysfunction. C-11 palmitate injection and serial PET imaging were performed after an overnight fast (control period) and again 2 hours later after oral glucose (50 gm). Myocardial C-11 time-activity curves from serial PET images revealed a biexponential clearance pattern. An early rapid phase, defined by relative size and clearance half-time, reflects C-11 palmitate oxidation and the late slow phase tracer deposition in the endogenous lipid pool. During the control period, the tracer fraction entering the early rapid phase averaged 47 +/- 13% (SD) in normal subjects and 45 +/- 12% in patients. Corresponding clearance half-times were 19 +/- 7 and 20 +/- 5 minutes, respectively. Heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged after glucose, but plasma glucose levels rose by 72.5% in normal subjects and by 98.9% in patients, while free fatty acid levels fell by 72% and 42% (p less than 0.001), respectively. In normal subjects, the tracer fraction in the early rapid phase fell by 43% (p less than 0.005) and the clearance half-time increased by 46% (p less than 0.01). In patients, the response of C-11 palmitate tissue kinetics to glucose was variable. In nine patients, it was similar to that in normal subjects while in the other seven patients a "paradoxic" response occurred. The tracer fraction entering the rapid clearance phase increased after glucose by 30% (p less than 0.05) associated with a 36% (p less than 0.05) decline in clearance half-times. The paradoxic response was unrelated to disease etiology or plasma substrate levels but occurred mostly in left ventricles with more severely depressed function. Thus, PET and C-11 palmitate allow the noninvasive demonstration of the known response of substrate metabolism of the human heart to altered substrate availability. Glucose administration in fasted humans serves as a provocative test of substrate regulation which can be abnormal in myocardial disease and can be demonstrated noninvasively. PMID- 3487241 TI - Quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3487239 TI - Management of male infertility: roles of contact thermography, spermatic venography, and embolization. AB - The leading cause of male infertility is the presence of varicocele. Recently, selective spermatic vein embolization during spermatic venography has afforded a simple, nonoperative treatment. In this study, liquid crystal contact thermography was employed before spermatic venography and after embolization or surgery. Pretreatment thermographic results were in agreement with venography in 15 of 17 cases as 13 were considered positive and two negative by both methods. Thermography further served to document objectively the immediate physiologic effectiveness of either therapy in controlling spermatic vein reflux into the pampiniform plexus. It therefore provides a noninvasive means of evaluating treatment success or recurrence at an early stage. Preliminary thermographic evidence indicates that embolization is a highly effective treatment of reflux. Thermography can also function as a useful, noninvasive screening technique to aid in selecting patients for spermatic venography and embolization therapy. PMID- 3487242 TI - Interrelations of lipids and lipoproteins with coronary artery disease mortality in 19 countries. AB - Coronary risk factors differ in importance from country to country, but a proportion of interpopulation differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality is probably closely related to interpopulation differences in total serum cholesterol levels. Interpopulation differences in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels supposedly do not explain interpopulation differences in CAD mortality, although HDL cholesterol may be an important negative risk factor within a population. Age- and sex-specific serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels have been sought for 27 industrialized countries for which the World Health Organization has reliable mortality data. At least partially complete information was obtained from 19 countries, derived from national or regional studies in middle-aged subjects, and this has been related to CAD mortality rates. In men, 45% of the interpopulation variation in CAD mortality was explained by variation in serum cholesterol levels; 32% by variation in HDL cholesterol; and 55% by variation in the ratio of total serum cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. CAD mortality in men did not correlate with a population's serum triglyceride levels. In women, the only significant correlate of interpopulation variation in CAD mortality was the ratio of total serum cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, which explained 31% of the variation in CAD mortality. These findings highlight the contributions of total serum cholesterol and the ratio of total serum cholesterol/HDL cholesterol to CAD mortality in men at the international level and have implications for individual members of a population. Similar analyses in women were not particularly informative. PMID- 3487243 TI - Multivariate analysis of the long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting performed during 1976 and 1977. AB - The results of 492 consecutive coronary artery bypass grafting operations performed for angina in the 2-year period from 1976 to 1977 were evaluated 77 months after surgery. Follow-up was complete in 99%. In 80% of patients angina severity was New York Heart Association functional classes III or IV. An ejection fraction of less than 50% and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of more than 15 mm Hg were each present in one-third of patients. Thirteen patients (2.6%) died in hospital and 70 (14%) died later during the follow-up period. Twenty-six reoperations were performed for recurrent angina (5.3%). Angina was initially relieved by operation in 97% of patients, but only 57% were alive and free of angina 6 years after their operation. Despite this, 91% of patients at last follow-up were in functional class I or II and 94% thought their symptoms were better than preoperatively. The mean postoperative time of onset of angina, estimated independently by family physicians and patients, was 33 months. The significant preoperative predictors of late death were a low left ventricular ejection fraction, previous myocardial infarction, prior cardiac surgery, increased cardiothoracic ratio and the number of coronary arteries with significant narrowing. PMID- 3487245 TI - Results in the management of locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Between 1973 and 1983, 43 patients with histologically proven unresectable pancreatic carcinoma were irradiated in the UCLA Department of Radiation Oncology. Ten patients received irradiation alone and 33 were nonrandomly assigned to receive chemotherapy in addition to irradiation. Of those patients receiving chemotherapy, 30 were given 5-fluorouracil and three were given a combination of agents. Forty-one of the 43 patients have died with a median survival of 7 months. Actuarial survival at 1 and 2 years was 24% and 3%. Local control was achieved in three of 43 patients. Two patients are alive with no evidence of disease at 11 and 30 months. The median survivals with and without chemotherapy were 9.5 and 4 months, respectively (p = 0.06). Survival dependent on nodal status, surgical bypass, primary site, and dose are also reported. No significant differences were found. Acute complications were noted in 23 patients but were a reason for discontinuing therapy in none. Late complications were noted in nine patients. Six patients with an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage or a small bowel obstruction all had local recurrence. There were two patients with posttreatment diabetes mellitus and one with pancreatitis. The limits of conventional therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer have been reached. Creative sequencing of induction combination chemotherapy, newer radiation modalities, and maintenance chemotherapy are required if systemic and local progression of this lethal disease is to be eliminated. PMID- 3487244 TI - Nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients. AB - Fat and fat-free tissues were determined in hemodialysis patients using either anthropometric measurements or indirectly from total body water (TBW) determined from urea kinetics. A very close correlation between the two methods in determining either fat or fat-free tissue (r greater than 0.8, n = 43) was shown. Twenty-two patients were followed for 2 yr. We found that fat increased while fat free tissue decreased over that period of time. The latter appears to reflect methodological problems since both fat-free determinations depend upon TBW rather than somatic proteins. This was further confirmed by finding a proportional decrease in TBW with time, while creatinine appearance rate remained unaffected. Adherence to prescribed diet was monitored through diet records and periodic determination of urea N appearance rate during interdialysis periods. Our present studies determined body composition of hemodialysis patients and examined the relative validity of the commonly used methods. We demonstrate that no malnutrition occurs with time in patients adhering to their prescribed diet. PMID- 3487246 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus in developmentally disabled patients. AB - Twenty-seven patients from an institution for the developmentally disabled underwent endoscopy for evaluation of vomiting, regurgitation, rumination, or upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The presence of gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus was determined retrospectively. Twenty-three patients had an IQ less than 20, 19 were nonambulatory, and 14 were taking at least one neuroleptic drug daily. Seven patients (26%) had histologically documented Barrett's esophagus of the specialized-columnar type. Two patients with Barrett's esophagus had benign esophageal strictures, but no cases of adenocarcinoma were found. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between patients with or without Barrett's esophagus in regard to symptoms, age, sex, IQ, medications, or ambulatory status. The present data suggest that Barrett's esophagus may frequently occur in developmentally disabled patients with symptoms and signs of gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 3487247 TI - Synergism and antagonism in double beta-lactam antibiotic combinations. AB - Combinations of two beta-lactam antibiotics may be advantageous in certain clinical situations, providing a synergistic activity against specific organisms or a broad spectrum of antibiotic coverage. Depending on the combination and the bacteria, synergism, indifference, or antagonism can be observed. Synergism may occur when two beta-lactam antibiotics, acting on different penicillin-binding proteins, are combined or when a penicillinase-susceptible beta-lactam antibiotic is protected by another beta-lactam antibiotic acting as a beta-lactamase inhibitor in strains producing a penicillinase (chromosomal or plasmidic). With different species, such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter, indole-positive Proteus, Serratia, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas, which produce an inducible chromosome encoded cephalosporinase, antagonism will appear if one of the two combined antibiotics causes induction of the beta-lactamase and the other becomes inactivated by the increased amount of the enzyme. Although most combinations of new beta-lactam antibiotics (ureido-penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins, monobactams) appear to be indifferent, antagonism and possible selection of resistant mutants are the drawbacks of such combinations. Nevertheless, highly active compounds, if used at doses above the minimal inhibitory concentrations, especially in the case of potential cephalosporinase-inducers, may be safe in vivo as far as avoiding antagonism is concerned, but not necessarily with respect to the selection of resistant mutants. PMID- 3487248 TI - Refractory esophageal candidiasis associated with a low molecular weight plasma inhibitor of T-lymphocyte function. AB - In a patient with chronic esophageal candidiasis due to C. tropicalis that was refractory to mycostatin and ketoconazole, a generalized cell-mediated immunodeficiency state was detected. Samples of plasma from this patient inhibited T-lymphocyte function, suppressing both rosette formation and mitogen responsiveness of T-cells derived from the patient and from normal individuals. Following plasma exchange, the patient's immune defect resolved and her candida infection disappeared. On further analysis, the plasma inhibitory factor was found to be of low molecular weight (less than 10,000) and heat labile. Preliminary studies suggested that this inhibitor was candida-derived, since it was removed from plasma by anti-candida antibodies in solid phase. Immunodeficiency in chronic candidiasis may be improved by removal of circulating inhibitory factors through plasma exchange. PMID- 3487249 TI - Relationship of skeletal pattern and nasal form. AB - This article investigates the relationship of skeletal facial pattern and soft tissue nasal form. The case sample comprises 123 white female subjects, aged 11.0 to 20.6 years, with no histories of pathology, trauma, surgical intervention, or orthodontic treatment. Measurements were made from cephalometric radiographs, posteroanterior radiographs, and the physioprint photographs. Skeletal classifications were based on the relationship of the maxilla to the mandible; the three classifications were straight profile, retrusive chin profile, and prognathic profile. Pearson product--moment correlation coefficients were used to test intercorrelations of all quantitative variables (including age) with each other. Correlations were highly significant for age, the three profile measurements, and two of the frontal measurements. Hence, noses and skeletal structures showed, as expected, increases with age. Also, profile measurements were highly significantly correlated; larger noses were larger in all profile dimensions. A stepwise discriminant analysis was used to study nonquantitative categories of nasal shape (straight, convex, and concave). This analysis indicated that more than 86% of patients in the sample of 123 demonstrated a correlation of nasal shapes with specific skeletal groupings. Patients with straight profiles tended to have straight noses; convex profiles accompanied convex nasal shapes; and concave profiles were found with concave nasal shapes. The clinical significance of this research is to emphasize the importance of total facial harmony (especially nasal shape) during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID- 3487250 TI - Age-related changes in optokinetic and rotational tests. AB - Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and nystagmus induced by the rotational test were analyzed in sixty normal subjects, 13 to 68 years old. Reactivity was measured by the maximum slow phase velocity. A slight linear correlation to age was found in both tests. In the OKN test the eye speed increased with advancing age, and in the rotational test the eye speed decreased with advancing age. This pattern was found statistically significant at a target speed of 40 degrees/s in the OKN test and at 6 degrees/s2 (stimulation) in the rotational test. PMID- 3487251 TI - Anthropological study of digital and parietal hair of Canadians. AB - Hair exhibits many interesting anthropologic and genetic features such as thickness and cross-sectional morphology. Digital hair, though not adequately studied to date, has potential importance as an anthropologic trait. A digital hair score system was devised in which a number of dorsally haired digital segments (nine segments) of the left fingers, excluding onychogenic segments, was used as a measure of the trait. Thickness and cross-section of the parietal hair of the Ojibwas, a tribe of Canadian Indians, and European Canadians residing in Ontario were compared with those of Japanese and Koreans residing in their respective countries. Segmental distribution of the digital hair in both males and females was similar between Ojibwas and Japanese, Koreans or Formosans, and was significantly larger in British and other European Canadians. Parietal hair of Ojibwas, both males and females, was thinner than that of Japanese, and thicker than that of British Canadians. The parietal hair index was almost equal between Ojibwas and Japanese in both sexes. That of British Canadians was significantly smaller. PMID- 3487252 TI - CNS actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs. AB - To determine the mechanisms of action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in inhibiting gastric acid secretion, we studied awake male beagle dogs fitted with a chronic intracerebroventricular cannula and a gastric fistula. Synthetic rat CGRP (10 pmol/kg to 10 nmol/kg) given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously significantly inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. CGRP (1 nmol/kg) given intracerebroventricularly decreased acid secretion stimulated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not by histamine. CGRP-(1-14), [Tyr23]CGRP-(23-37), and [acetamidomethyl-Cys2,7]CGRP, the linear peptide molecule devoid of the disulfide bridge, did not affect gastric secretion. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine, a vasopressin antagonist, naloxone, and truncal vagotomy did not abolish the gastric inhibitory action of CGRP given intracerebroventricularly. CGRP administered intracerebroventricularly and intravenously decreased gastric acid secretion, but not plasma gastrin concentrations stimulated by an 8% peptone meal. It is concluded that CGRP given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously inhibits gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs; the intact molecule appears to be necessary for biological activity; and inhibition of gastric acid secretion by CGRP in the dog is not mediated by the autonomic nervous system or vasopressin-, opiate-, or gastrin dependent pathways. PMID- 3487253 TI - Flow-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. AB - To analyze the potential mediator(s) involved in flow-induced endothelium dependent vasodilation, we measured the wall tension of intraluminally perfused canine femoral artery segments and compared the content of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (determined by radioimmunoassay) and the relaxing activity of the effluent (determined by bioassay on canine coronary artery rings). During perfusion at a steady flow of 2 ml/min the effluent contained 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and relaxed the bioassay rings. Sudden increase in steady flow rate to 4 ml/min, or the introduction of pulsatile flow, increased the release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and induced further relaxations of the bioassay ring. No relaxations were observed with the effluent passing through a femoral artery segment without endothelium. Indomethacin significantly depressed the release of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha during increases in flow but had no significant effect on the relaxing activity of the effluent. In the presence of indomethacin, increases in flow produced significant relaxation in the perfused femoral artery segments with endothelium. Superoxide dismutase restored the relaxing activity of the effluent during increases in flow at a transit time of 30 seconds. These data demonstrate that in addition to prostacyclin, flow triggers the release of another relaxing substance (or substances) from vascular endothelial cells that has characteristics similar to the endothelium-derived relaxing factor released by acetylcholine. PMID- 3487254 TI - Otoneurological abnormalities in agoraphobia. PMID- 3487255 TI - Isolated bilateral T-cell renal lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - A 3-year-old girl presented with bilateral renal masses. The histologic diagnosis was lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cell surface markers showed a cytotoxic/suppressor T cell phenotype. The patient was treated with APO therapy. She has remained continuously disease-free for 30 months and has been off all therapy for 6 months. This rare case supports the value of precise classification (by histologic and immunologic methods) as a guide to appropriate tumor therapy. PMID- 3487256 TI - Bronchial histamine challenge in the diagnosis of asthma. The predictive value of changes in airway resistance determined by the interrupter method. AB - The predictive value of a bronchial challenge with histamine was determined in a prospective survey on a population with a high prevalence of asthma (0.62). Without knowledge of the bronchial responsiveness 133 patients were classified as asthmatics (83) or non-asthmatics (50) according to variation in peak expiratory flow rate and medical history. Response to challenge was determined by the interrupter method, and the concentration of histamine inducing a 40% increase in resistance to breathing (PC40-Rt) was calculated from the log dose response curve. When defining a positive test as a test giving PC40-Rt-values below 2.00 mg/ml, the predictive value of a positive test was 0.75 and the predictive value of a negative test was 0.72. By decreasing the limit for a positive test to 0.25 mg/ml the corresponding predictive value was increased to 0.91. When further increasing the limit to 4.00 mg/ml the predictive value of a negative test in the diagnosis of asthma was increased to 0.81. The interrupter technique is suitable for diagnostic purposes in the detection and exclusion of bronchial asthma. PMID- 3487257 TI - [The relation between risk factors and mortality in aortocoronary bypass operations]. AB - Risk factors related to increased mortality were determined on the basis of 329 aortocoronary bypass operations. They were: (1) emergency surgery, (2) poor left ventricular function, (3) reoperation, and (4) pulmonary hypertension. Angina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, age over 65 years, obesity, significant systemic disturbances, smoking, arterial hypertension, and sex were without effect. PMID- 3487258 TI - [Brain function and level of consciousness in fentanyl anesthesia in heart surgery]. AB - The level of consciousness and the supply/demand ratio of oxygen in the brain was studied in anaesthetized patients undergoing open heart surgery. Anaesthesia was accomplished with intravenous fentanyl; 26 patients received 25 micrograms/kg and 24 patients received 50 micrograms/kg fentanyl. In addition only pancuronium bromide was administered for muscular relaxation; all patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen. The following measurements were made during induction and prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and in the first ten minutes of bypass: 1. EEG with the Klein EEG Analyzer. This instrument permits simultaneous analysis of frequency and amplitude while eliminating muscular artifacts. 2. Cerebral oxygen with the Niroscope. This instrument uses an infrared light beam through the brain to evaluate cerebral oxygen sufficiency. 3. Oxygen supply/demand ratio in the whole body, estimated from mixed venous oxygen saturation measured with a fiberoptic pulmonary artery catheter. Clinical unconsciousness occurred in all patients within about 30 s after the administration of fentanyl. Simultaneously the EEG showed a significant decrease in frequency and an increase in amplitude. With the Niroscope no change in oxygen supply and demand was seen in any patients. This is in contrast to previous studies with thiopental, where changes were seen. A slight increase in mixed venous oxygen saturation was observed. This indicates an increase in the total oxygen supply/demand ratio, probably due to decreased muscle metabolism induced by pancuronium bromide paralysis. From the end of induction until cardiopulmonary bypass a slight increase in cerebral electrical activity was observed; an additional increase occurred in the first ten minutes of bypass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487260 TI - Disulfide scrambling of interleukin-2: HPLC resolution of the three possible isomers. AB - Native interleukin-2 (IL-2) contains three cysteines; two exist in a disulfide bridge (Cys-58 and Cys-105) and the third Cys-125 is a free sulfhydryl. In the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride at alkaline pH, IL-2 is converted into three isomers. Each isomer represents one of the three possible disulfide-linked forms that can be generated from three cysteines. These three isomers were resolved on a C4 reverse-phase HPLC system. The identity of each of the three forms was determined by carboxymethylation of the free cysteines in each isomer with [3H]iodoacetic acid followed by determination of the labelled cysteines by tryptic peptide mapping. Tryptic peptide mapping of the more predominant of the two scrambled peaks showed it to be the Cys-105-S-S-Cys-125 linked form of IL-2. A Ser-125 construction of IL-2, which lacks a free cysteine, did not scramble under these conditions. These experiments demonstrate the utility of reverse phase HPLC in studies of protein folding and disulfide bond structure. PMID- 3487259 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids on extravascular lung water following extra-corporeal circulation]. AB - The influence of 3 different, preoperatively given glucocorticoids (30 mg/kg bw methylprednisolone, 3 mg/kg bw dexamethasone, 30 mg/kg hydrocortisone) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) was investigated in a randomised study consisting of 60 patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass surgery and compared to a control group having received 0.9% NaCl as placebo. EVLW-measurements were performed by using the double indicator dilution technique with indocyanine green and a microprocessed lung water computer. Besides EVLW-measurements haemodynamics and various laboratory data were studied before as well as after (15 min, 45 min, 5 h) extracorporeal circulation (ECC). ECC was followed by an increase in EVLW, which was less pronounced in the dexamethasone-group without being statistically significant (p = 0.1), however. Pulmonary gas exchange, too, did not differ statistically, in spite of a less pronounced (p = 0.1) deterioration of paO2 in the dexamethasone-group. Haemodynamics and laboratory data in the corticoid-group did not show any significant difference compared to the non-treated control group. It was concluded, that pretreatment with corticoids in pharmacological doses in cardiac surgery had no beneficial effects on extravascular lung water and pulmonary function. PMID- 3487261 TI - Poor correlation between pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic volume after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - The authors studied 12 surgical patients in the intensive care unit post coronary artery bypass graft surgery and ten nonsurgical patients in the coronary care unit with chronic heart failure to determine the usefulness of the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure as an indicator of left ventricular preload. Left ventricular end diastolic volume was derived from concomitant determination of ejection fraction (gated blood pool scintigraphy) and stroke volume (determined from thermodilution cardiac output). In the nonsurgical patients, there was a significant correlation between changes in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (P less than 0.05, r = 0.57). In the 12 patients studied during the first few hours after surgery, there was a poor correlation between changes in pulmonary wedge pressure (range = 4-32 mmHg) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (range = 25-119 ml/m2), and a poor correlation between pulmonary arterial wedge pressures and stroke work index. In contrast, there was a good correlation between left ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke work index. The poor correlation between the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic volume was not explained by changes in systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance. The altered ventricular pressure-volume relationship may reflect acute changes in ventricular compliance in the first few hours following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. While measurement of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure remains valuable in clinical management to avoid pulmonary edema, it cannot reliably be used as an index of left ventricular preload while attempting to optimize stroke volume in patients immediately following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3487262 TI - [Clinico-morphologic characteristics of the shock lung syndrome among patients sustaining hemorrhagic shock during labor]. PMID- 3487263 TI - Delayed reactions to foods. Food allergy and rheumatic disease. PMID- 3487265 TI - Pentamidine and pancreatitis. PMID- 3487264 TI - The effect of regional lung injury or alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary blood flow and lung water measured by positron emission tomography. AB - We measured regional pulmonary blood flow (rPBF) and extravascular lung water (rEVLW) with positron emission tomography (PET) before and after a lobar lung injury induced by oleic acid in dogs. Changes in rPBF after injury were also compared with those observed after alveolar hypoxia limited to a similar volume of lung. Positron emission tomography techniques for measuring rPBF correlated well with microsphere methods, even in areas of low blood flow (R2 = 0.88). After lung injury, rPBF decreased by 54% from its control value, compared with a 36% decrease in response to alveolar hypoxia. This difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Changes in oxygenation after injury correlated significantly with residual blood flow in the injured area (R2 = 0.69) but not with rEVLW. These data suggest that mechanisms other than hypoxic vasoconstriction may affect rPBF after lung injury, and that individual variation in rPBF to the injured area will have an important influence on oxygenation. PMID- 3487266 TI - Pentamidine and hematuria. PMID- 3487267 TI - Cessation of recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasias after aortic valve replacement. AB - Recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasias associated with aortic stenosis ceased after aortic valve replacement in two patients. In one patient numerous gastrointestinal angiodysplasias disappeared, as shown by endoscopy, after aortic valve replacement. Valve replacement may be adequate treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia associated with aortic stenosis. Elective surgery for angiodysplasias should be postponed until after a trial period to ascertain whether bleeding stops after valve replacement. PMID- 3487268 TI - [Epidermal cell derived thymocyte activating factor or ETAF: an interleukin secreted by epidermal cells]. PMID- 3487269 TI - Modified creatine kinase-MB plots as a tool to detect perioperative myocardial infarction. Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity as compared with electrocardiographic changes. AB - Based on electrocardiographic criteria, coronary artery bypass grafting patients were divided into two groups, one with and one without perioperative myocardial infarction. Serial total-creatine kinase activity did not discriminate between the two groups; however, serial creatine kinase-MB activity showed a consistent difference. Patients with perioperative myocardial infarction showed an increase, whereas patients without perioperative myocardial infarction showed a decrease during the postoperative period. The creatine kinase-MB plots showed a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.98 as compared with the electrocardiograms. PMID- 3487270 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the right colon: a frequent cause of lower digestive tract hemorrhage. Apropos of 13 cases]. AB - 13 observations of right hemorrhagic colic angiodysplasia were detected in less than 5 years: 9 times with proctorrhagia of varying amounts, 4 times with an endoscopic aetiological evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Colonoscopy revealed lesions in 11 patients out of 13 in the form of erythematous spots of vascular hemorrhagic appearance in 5 cases. The arteriography was positive in 5 of the 7 cases where it was performed. Treatment was endoscopic 6 times, by follow-up electrocoagulation, 2 times, by right hemicolectomy. The latter was carried out immediately in 2 other cases. In 5 cases, iron treatment was all that was necessary. These right colic angiodysplasias are often an unknown cause of digestive hemorrhage or iron deficiency anemia. The difficult diagnosis depends on the colonoscopy performed by an operator accustomed to this type of lesion. It is carried out in emergency in cases of acute bleeding. Sometimes an arteriography is also performed. Endoscopic treatment may be an alternative to standard surgical treatment in elderly high-risk patients. PMID- 3487271 TI - Panel of twenty-five independent man-rodent hybrids for human genetic marker mapping. AB - To increase the efficiency of the human gene mapping, a panel of 25 man-rodent hybrids was selected out of 200 independent man-rodent hybrids produced in our laboratory since 1969. The hybrid panel was selected in such a fashion as to allow the asignment of a human marker M by respecting the two following complementary criteria: correlation between M and a chromosome and exclusion of the other chromosomes. The panel characteristics allowing the use of these two criteria were presented and discussed. A first series of enzyme markers were analysed to test the validity of the hybrid panel for the human gene mapping. The different possibilities and limits of the hybrid panel were also discussed, especially for the assignment of markers with DNA probes. PMID- 3487274 TI - Bloom syndrome in a Mexican mestizo girl. AB - A 3-year-old girl with Bloom syndrome is described. She exhibited stunted growth of prenatal onset and defective immunity, but the typical skin manifestations were absent. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a 46,XX complement, 12.2% of metaphases with at least a structural aberration, and a ten-fold increase in the sister-chromatid exchange rate. Leukocyte beta-glucuronidase activity was reduced to about 1/3; the significance of this finding is not clear. The present observation demonstrates the variable expression of the disorder probably depending on ethnic and constitutional factors. PMID- 3487272 TI - Structural genes of coagulation factors VII and X located on 13q34. AB - From 7 cases of abnormalities involving chromosome 13, the structural gene(s) coding for coagulation factors VII and X were located in the region 13q34-13qter. Gene-dosage effects for these coagulation factors seem to act in both directions, causing a decrease when there is monosomy of segment 13q34, but also, as has not been demonstrated before, an increase when there is trisomy of this same segment. PMID- 3487273 TI - De novo del(7)(pter----p21.2::p15.2----qter) and craniosynostosis. Implications for critical segment assignment in the 7p2 monosomy syndrome. AB - A 4 year-old boy was found to have a typical 7p2 monosomy syndrome, including craniosynostosis, due to a de novo del(7)(pter----p21.2::p15.2----qter). It is concluded that the band 7p21 (probably only the subband p21.1) is the critical segment for the full clinical expression of this aneusomy. PMID- 3487276 TI - Ring chromosome 15 syndrome. Further delineation of the adult phenotype. PMID- 3487275 TI - De novo del(6)(q25) associated with macular degeneration. AB - An eight-month-old girl with a de novo del(6)(q25) is described. She and other previous cases of 6q deletion showed concordance for developmental retardation associated with multiple unspecific congenital abnormalities, which do not yet allow the delineation of a syndrome. However, bilateral macular degeneration was found in the proposita and had been observed in another similar case, so it probably represents a distinctive feature of 6q terminal monosomy. This observation also suggests the existence of a dominant macular degeneration locus within 6q25----qter. PMID- 3487277 TI - Double autosomal chromosomal aberration (3p trisomy/9p monosomy) and sex reversal. AB - A 26-year-old girl with multiple congenital malformations, sex-reversal, and partial trisomy 3p/monosomy 9p is described. A possible influence of autosome aberrations on sexual differentiation is discussed. PMID- 3487278 TI - Partial distal 6p trisomy in a malformed fetus. AB - A 19-week-old fetus with 6p trisomy, as the unbalanced product of a maternal 6p/22q translocation (karyotype: 46,XX,t(6;22)(p22;q13)) is described. Internal malformations include abnormal lung lobulation, renal hypoplasia and crossed ectopia, and intestinal malrotation. PMID- 3487279 TI - Ring chromosome 11. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A female infant with severe growth-weight retardation and with a ring chromosome 11, associated with trisomy X in 15% of metaphases, has been reported. A literature review of cases of r(11) shows that the clinical features of these patients, although showing different frequencies, are similar to those of the del(11q) syndrome. It has been suggested that the variability of the mental retardation in r(11) patients is attributable to the unstability of the ring and to the different break points in these two chromosomal rearrangements. The origin of the r(11) was also addressed by studying fragile sites of the parents at 11p15 and 11q25. PMID- 3487280 TI - Expression of the autosomal folate-sensitive fragile sites in ten kindreds with Martin-Bell syndrome. AB - The authors analyse the expression of all the folate-sensitive fra sites in a sample of 24 male patients with Martin-Bell syndrome (MBS) and their 12 mothers distributed in 10 kindreds. The cytogenetic results are compared with that of a control group, constituted by 8 unrelated normal subjects. Except for the fra Xq27, there was no autosomal folate-sensitive fra site significantly more expressed in patients with MBS than in the control group. On the basis of the present cytogenetic sample of about 6 500 R-banded mitoses, a list of all the in vitro folate-sensitive fra sites and their relative frequencies is given. PMID- 3487281 TI - Double independent balanced translocation in a girl with mild phenotypical stigmata. AB - A case of de novo double independent balanced translocation t(1;7)(q44;q22), t(8;10)(q22;q26) in a girl with mild phenotypical stigmata is reported. Beside hyposomia with retarded bone age and slightly dysmorphic ear, no other abnormality was detectable and the psychomotor development was normal. A review of the similar casuistry in literature is made. PMID- 3487282 TI - Statistical issues concerning computerized analysis of brainwave topography. PMID- 3487283 TI - How does vascular decompression surgery improve trigeminal neuralgia? PMID- 3487284 TI - An animal source for the ROB-1 beta-lactamase of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - The most common cause of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae type b is production of TEM-1 beta-lactamase; however, a novel enzyme with a similar substrate profile but a quite different isoelectric point has also been described. This beta-lactamase, designated ROB-1, has not been found previously in any other organism. In a survey of 46 ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae type b isolates, we found a second human isolate that produces ROB-1 and discovered that ampicillin-resistant isolates of the porcine pathogen Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae also produced ROB-1. In both Haemophilus species ROB-1 production was determined by plasmids that had considerable DNA sequence homology. However, the ROB-1 and TEM-1 beta-lactamase genes were not related. Our findings suggest that this form of ampicillin resistance has an animal reservoir and that conditions fostering its prevalence in animal strains may play a role in the spread of resistance to human pathogens. PMID- 3487285 TI - Effect of folinic acid on the capacity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent and treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. AB - Daily administration of 1 mg of folinic acid to immunosuppressed rats with incipient or established Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia did not impair the capacity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to either prevent or treat this disease. These observations constitute the first experimental support for the use of folinic acid to prevent or control cytopenias that occur in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who are under trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. PMID- 3487288 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in linear scleroderma. PMID- 3487287 TI - Successful treatment and prevention of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis with 4,4'-sulfonylbisformanilide. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was prevented in 0, 50, 100, and 100% of immunosuppressed rats given doses of 0.5, 5.0, 25.0, and 125.0 mg/kg (body weight) per day, respectively, of 4,4'-sulfonylbisformanilide (DFD). Therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated with DFD at 25.0 mg/kg per day, and when this dose was combined with trimethoprim, the combination was as effective as trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, which has been proven to be effective in the treatment of murine and human P. carinii pneumonitis. PMID- 3487286 TI - Effect of tobramycin on protein synthesis in 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside resistant clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae resistant to a broad range of 2 deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides (2-DAM) were studied. The gene responsible for resistance could be mobilized by transformation into a 2-DAM susceptible laboratory strain of H. influenzae, enabling isogenic comparisons. The transformants had the same resistance phenotype as the parental strains. There was close linkage between 2-DAM resistance and streptomycin resistance, a chromosomal marker, but weak linkage between 2-DAM and erythromycin resistance. Resistant transformants exhibited a decreased accumulation of gentamicin due to the absence of the rapid, energy-dependent phase of uptake. Resistance was not through metabolic inactivation of the antibiotic; no aminoglycoside-acetylating, adenylylating, or -phosphorylating activity was detected in the wild-type strains or in the 2-DAM-resistant transformants. Protein synthesis in 2-DAM-susceptible H. influenzae strains increased in the presence of low (1 microgram/ml) and moderate (50 micrograms/ml) concentrations of tobramycin. With higher concentrations (100 and 500 micrograms/ml), protein synthesis was progressively inhibited. In contrast, protein synthesis in 2-DAM-resistant clinical isolates and transformants was inhibited by 1 microgram of tobramycin per ml, and inhibition increased with higher drug concentrations. Since the stimulating effect of low concentrations of tobramycin in susceptible H. influenzae strains is probably due to misreading, these findings suggest that 2-DAM-resistant strains of H. influenzae have reduced sensitivity to misreading, indicating that altered ribosomes are responsible for the resistance. PMID- 3487289 TI - Aquarium-borne Mycobacterium marinum skin infection. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 33-year-old fish fancier developed a protracted skin infection that ultimately was found to be caused by Mycobacterium marinum. The organism was isolated from the lesion as well as from infected fish taken from his home aquarium. The lesion resolved after a six-week course of oral sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Forty four additional cases of culture-proved M marinum skin infections acquired from aquariums and reported in the English-language literature are reviewed. Almost universally, the lesions remained circumscribed and were either single nodular (14 patients) or multiple sporotrichoid (31 patients). Diagnosis was supported by acid-fast smears (15 patients) and isolation of the organism from skin lesions (43 patients) or from fish (two cases). In vitro studies, as well as clinical outcomes, suggest sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or ethambutol hydrochloride plus rifampin to be the drugs of choice. PMID- 3487291 TI - The SL autoantibody-antigen system: clinical and biochemical studies. AB - A recently described autoantibody, SL, was found in serum from 27 patients with autoimmune disease, including 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where the frequently was 7%. Analysis of clinical, serological, and HLA data from 119 SLE patients showed no positive associations with anti-SL antibody apart from a higher frequency of non-infective fever. Most SL positive sera contained other precipitins, notably antibodies to Ro(SS-A) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA. Anti-SL IgG recognised a protein of 32 000 daltons without associated RNA. This polypeptide was distinguished from a similarly sized component of the Sm and RNP ribonucleoprotein particles by demonstrating different products of partial proteolysis. Although anti-SL antibody is of limited clinical importance, it occurs with twice the frequency of anti-SM antibody in white patients with SLE. Preliminary studies indicate that SL and the Japanese Ki system are identical. PMID- 3487290 TI - Health effects of air pollution due to coal combustion in the Chestnut Ridge region of Pennsylvania: cross-section survey of children. AB - A cross-sectional study of 4,071 children aged 6-11 yr of age from a rural region of Western Pennsylvania was conducted in spring of 1979. Standardized children's questionnaires were distributed to the parents and returned by the children to school, where spirometry was performed. The region was divided into low-, moderate-, and high-pollution areas on the basis of the 1974-1978, 3-hr, 24-hr, and annual averages for sulfur dioxide (SO2). Seventeen monitoring stations in the region and a triangulation procedure were used to estimate centroid levels in each geographic residence area. After adjusting the respiratory symptom response outcomes and the pulmonary function levels for known predictors, no significant association was noted for level of SO2. However, the highest exposure categories were only slightly above the present annual and 24-hr National Air Quality Standards for SO2. We conclude that at levels of exposure to which these children were exposed, only by study of potentially sensitive subsets or measures of acute response would it be possible to detect respiratory outcomes associated with ambient air pollution. PMID- 3487292 TI - Predictive value of complement profiles and anti-dsDNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In a prospective study of 143 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the relation between clinical exacerbations, anti-dsDNA levels, and serum levels of complement components, C1q, C4, C3, C5, and C9 was investigated. In 33 out of these 143 patients a major clinical exacerbation of the disease developed. Evaluation of anti-dsDNA levels in relation to disease activity confirmed our earlier finding that anti-dsDNA levels rose before a major exacerbation and decreased after it. In the remaining 110 SLE patients a nearly constant anti dsDNA level was seen, but none of these patients experienced a major exacerbation. In the 21 SLE patients who developed deterioration in renal function a decrease of C4 followed by decreases of C1q and C3 levels was seen first, starting about 25 to 20 weeks before the first signs of renal involvement. In the 12 SLE patients who developed an exacerbation without renal involvement an inconsistent profile of the complement components C4, C1q, and C3 was observed. C5 levels were hardly affected at all, while C9 levels were in general higher than normal during the exacerbation, irrespective of the type of exacerbation. These results show that, by following the complement and anti-dsDNA profiles, not only can exacerbations be predicted but also a pointer can be obtained about the pattern of disease well before the first clinical signs of an exacerbation appear. PMID- 3487293 TI - Arthritis and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) with inherited deficiency of the sixth component of complement (C6). AB - We report here the case of a woman with joint pains found to have antinuclear antibodies and undetectable serum haemolytic complement. Investigation of her and her family members showed an inherited deficiency of C6. PMID- 3487295 TI - Verapamil, cardioplegia, and coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3487294 TI - Experiences with 1643 porcine prosthetic valves in 1492 patients. AB - Sixteen hundred and forty-three porcine prosthetic values (1102 Carpentier Edwards, 541 Hancock) were implanted in 1492 patients at New York University Medical Center between January 1976 and June 1983. The aortic valve alone was replaced in 786 patients (53%), mitral valve alone in 556 (37%), and multiple valves in 143 patients (9.6%). Concomitant coronary artery bypass was performed in 326 patients (22%). There were 116 deaths within 30 days of operation (7.8%). Follow-up (mean: 42 months) was completed in 94% of survivors and revealed that late survival from cardiac-related death was 87% at 5 years and 81% at 7 years, with no significant difference between the Carpentier-Edwards and Hancock patients. Late thromboembolic complications, however, were significantly more frequent in Hancock patients at all intervals from 1-7 years (p less than 0.05), whether in the aortic or mitral position. Patients with coronary artery disease who had concomitant coronary bypass showed a survival from late cardiac death that did not differ significantly from that of patients undergoing valve replacement alone. Before operation, 87% of patients were in New York Heart Association Class III or IV, but after operation 80% were in Class I or II. Late anticoagulant complications, endocarditis, and valve dysfunction were relatively rare. These results from a series of such size, duration, and representative numbers of two types of porcine bioprosthesis confirm excellent results with porcine prostheses in the first 4-5 years following operation. PMID- 3487296 TI - Verapamil and myocardial preservation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The value of verapamil hydrochloride as a myocardial preservative when administered prior to or during periods of myocardial ischemia was studied in patients with normal preoperative cardiac function during elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Myocardial protection included systemic hypothermia (28 degrees C) and hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegia. Patients were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 received intravenous administration of verapamil prior to aortic cross-clamping. Group 2 received intravenous verapamil plus verapamil in the cardioplegic solution. Group 3 received verapamil in the cardioplegic solution only. Group 4 was given no verapamil. Oxygen extraction during the reperfusion period was greatest in Group 4. However, the incidence of pacing was 50 to 78% in Groups 2 and 3, who were given verapamil in the cardioplegic solution. These groups also had a greater need for inotropic agents for discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study indicates that verapamil may be a useful pretreatment prior to CPB and ischemia, but is not effective and may even be detrimental when administered during ischemic periods to patients with good myocardial function. PMID- 3487297 TI - Predictors of mortality in the immunocompromised patient with pulmonary infiltrates. AB - To determine predictors of mortality in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates, we reviewed the records of all such patients admitted to two community teaching hospitals who underwent a lung biopsy over a ten-year period. We examined the consequences of advancing age, primary disease, fever, neutropenia, immunosuppressive corticosteroid therapy, previous lung radiation, roentgenographic pattern, result of lung biopsy, room air arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2), early mechanical ventilation, and the presence of a comorbid disease on eventual outcome. We identified 104 episodes in 99 patients. Sixty seven (64%) survived and 37 died. By both discriminant analysis and logistic regression statistical methods, mechanical ventilation, the initial room air Pao2, and corticosteroid therapy were the dominant independent variables, in that order, to significantly predict mortality. No patient survived who simultaneously had a room air Pao2 less than or equal to 50 mm Hg, was on corticosteroids, and was mechanically ventilated. Eighty-three percent of survivors had either none or, at most, one of these three variables present. We conclude that hypoxia, immunosuppression by corticosteroids, and the necessity for mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of hospitalization indicate a poor prognosis in the immunocompromised patient with pulmonary infiltrates who has undergone a lung biopsy. PMID- 3487298 TI - [Neonatal antinuclear antibodies and the lupus syndrome]. PMID- 3487299 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy site morphology. An experimental study in baboons. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is widely used, but the effects on the endocardium have not been studied in detail. If repetitive biopsies are performed, as in the monitoring of cardiac transplants, there is a chance of sampling a previous EMB site. This study investigates changes in EMB site morphology over a period of 0 to 30 days in a primate model. Organization of thrombus, necrosis of myocytes adjacent to the biopsy site, and the presence of mononuclear cells (including T lymphocytes) surrounding the biopsy site indicated a potential for confusion with the appearances associated with acute or resolving cardiac rejection. We have encountered this problem in clinical practice. Knowledge of EMB site morphology aids in the interpretation of EMB specimens. PMID- 3487300 TI - Balance in elderly patients: the "get-up and go" test. AB - The "get-up and go test" requires patients to stand up from a chair, walk a short distance, turn around, return, and sit down again. This test was conducted in 40 elderly patients with a range of balance function. Tests were recorded on video tapes, which were viewed by groups of observers from different medical backgrounds. Balance function was scored on a five-point scale. The same patients underwent laboratory tests of gait and balance. There was agreement among observers on the subjective scoring of the clinical test, and good correlation with laboratory tests. The get-up and go test proved to be a satisfactory clinical measure of balance in elderly people. PMID- 3487301 TI - [Studies of antilymphocyte antibodies in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Analysis of antibodies to activated T cells]. PMID- 3487302 TI - [Functional morphology of the lymphatic system of the rat uterus during pregnancy]. AB - In the regional lymph nodes of the uterus the comparative volume of the paracortical zone significantly increases, especially within the period of the 13th-17th days of pregnancy. In the popliteal lymph node similar effect is not discovered. From the 7th up to the 11th day edema, vasodilatation, infiltration with special leucocytes are revealed. Endothelium of the postcapillary venules is hypertrophied, contains many migrating lymphocytes, which accumulate around the vessels mentioned. The volume of the microcirculatory bed is moderately increased. By the 17th day plasmoblasts, plasmocytes, Motta's cells, monocytes and especially macrophages appear in the paracortical zone. In B-zones and in medullary sinuses blasts, plasma cells, monocytes, macrophages, mitotically deviding cells increase in number. The part of the reticular cells decreases. The tensometric method demonstrates an increasing pressure of lymph in the iliac lymph node at pregnancy. Collateralies appear in the ovarian vein system, in the broad ligament of the uterus, in the lumbar area. The uterine vascular system is supposed to participate in adaptation to pregnancy. In genesis of the regional lymph node changes, discirculatory shifts, predominating during placental organogenesis, combine with phenomena of cell migration and proliferation (clearly revealed by the time when formation of the placenta is completed). PMID- 3487303 TI - Immunomodulation: bioengineering aspects. AB - Plasmapheresis is generally recognized as a "black box" therapy. Factors effecting the immunomodulating influence of plasmapheresis and their impact on the clinical results include the disease state and stage, associated drug and medical therapies, and the methodology of plasmapheresis. The immunomodulating influence of the methodology of plasmapheresis, including duration of treatment, frequency of treatment, equipment type, materials choice, anticoagulant choice, and volume replacement versus selective removal, has a profound impact on the clinical results. Limitations in the design of controlled trials emphasize the importance of assessing the events occurring within and as a result of the individual black box utilized in plasmapheresis therapy. The analysis and understanding of the immunomodulating influences of the "black box" will prove to be very valuable in the development of better technologies for patient care. PMID- 3487304 TI - Antigenic and cellular heterogeneity of primary uveal melanomas. PMID- 3487305 TI - Comparative oto-vestibular effects in the pigmented guinea pig after dibekacin and netilmicin treatment. AB - We treated groups of pigmented guinea pigs with either intramuscular netilmicin or dibekacin at 100 and 150 mg/kg per day for 3 weeks. Saline was used as the control solution. All animals were tested weekly for both vestibular and auditory functions. The vestibular function was evaluated by the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus (PRN) elicited by interrupting the rotation of the animal around the vertical axis; auditory function was evaluated by the threshold response for the Preyer's pinna reflex (PPR). All animals were then sacrificed and either their labyrinths or Corti organs were processed for further investigations using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The duration of PRN decreased over the treatment period in all of the groups as a result of adaptation. However, 150 mg/kg dibekacin produced a significant decrease of the PRN responses as compared to the control and other groups. This effect also continued during the recovery period. Likewise, the PPR threshold of the animals receiving 150 mg/kg dibekacin showed a significant increase at the end of the treatments and during the recovery period, while the other dibekacin group had no significant auditory impairment. Netilmicin at both doses did not significantly affect responses following either vestibular or auditory stimulations. SEM observations demonstrated that the sensory epithelia of the labyrinths and Corti organs affected by 150 mg/kg dibekacin had great losses of stereocilia, while comparable doses of netilmicin (150 mg/kg) had only very moderate losses of stereocilia in the labyrinths but not in the Corti organs. PMID- 3487306 TI - Vestibular microphonic potentials in pigeons. AB - Electrical responses to acoustic stimuli were measured by placing thin wire electrodes in the vestibular system of a pigeon model. Responses were measured after extirpation of the cochlea and the application of tetrodotoxin to the perilymphatic space. Responses seen were comparable to those of known cochlear microphonic potentials. These findings indicate that acoustic stimuli can evoke microphonic potentials in the vestibular system of the pigeon. We also found that vibrational amplitudes of less than 1 nm were sufficient to evoke a vestibular microphonic potential. PMID- 3487307 TI - Immunologic parameters in patients with thyroid cancer. AB - We evaluated various immunologic parameters in patients with papillary and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Our studies included examinations of peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin reactions to selected antigens. Preoperative peripheral blood tests were found to be normal except for an elevated percentage of IgG X Fc+ T-cells (T gamma). Skin reactions (phytohemagglutinin, purified protein derivative) were greater preoperatively than postoperatively. In postoperative cases without tumor recurrence, absolute numbers of T-cells and lymphocytes were reduced. OK-432 is a biologic response modifier of a streptococcal preparation and was used as immunotherapy in postoperative patients. This therapy seemed to augment the absolute numbers of T cells and lymphocytes as well as purified protein derivative skin reactions in the patients without tumor recurrences. In the patients with postoperative tumor recurrences, there was an abnormal reduction in the percentage of T-cells and in the absolute numbers of T-cells and lymphocytes. OK-432 treatment was not significantly effective in normalizing this reduction. PMID- 3487308 TI - Sacral anterior root stimulation of the bladder in paraplegics. AB - A Brindley-Finetech sacral anterior root stimulator has been placed intradurally in the spinal canal around the S2, 3, 4 nerve roots in six paraplegics at the Burwood Spinal Injuries Unit, Christchurch, New Zealand. The apparatus developed by Professor G. S. Brindley and the Medical Research Council in London, UK, has proved very useful in driving micturition, in achieving a dry device-free interval between electromicturitions, in reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections, and in some males in achieving a sustained erection. The clinical results are presented with a urodynamic analysis of the outcome. PMID- 3487309 TI - Intraventricular conduction disturbances in flying personnel: right bundle branch block. AB - The evolutive characteristics, as well as the qualification criteria, applied to 41 cases of complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB), detected in a presumably healthy population composed of 6,915 male individuals performing civil flying activities (prevalence = to 5.9 per 1,000) were studied. In 17 cases, the CRBBB was detected in the first electrocardiogram (ECG). In 24 cases, the CRBBB appeared after normal ECGs; the CRBBB development did not change the electrical axis in 75%, and in 50% of them an incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) appeared first, suggesting a progressive compromise of the right bundle branch. One case developed arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease, another one mitral valve prolapse, and there were two cases of non-cardiovascular diseases. The CRBBB etiology in asymptomatic individuals is uncertain. The prognosis depends on the underlying disease. Once those etiologies which by themselves imply a future risk are ruled out, they may be waivered for flying activities with periodical ECG controls. PMID- 3487310 TI - Selected blood coagulation parameters during extracorporeal circulation. AB - We investigated selected coagulation parameters in 13 patients who had undergone open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC). During ECC factor XIIa increased considerably to 38%. This may lead to intravascular coagulation, which is however inhibited during ECC by the administered heparin. The C1-inhibitor activity decreased to 12% during ECC, this decrease was considerably greater and lasted longer than the decrease of the C1-inhibitor concentration, which declined to 59%. The levels of the other coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, X, XII, antithrombin III, alpha 2-antiplasmin and platelets decreased to 50-60%. The latter was predominantly due to hemodilution at the beginning of ECC. We assume that the critical period for the coagulation system in ECC appears when ECC is discontinued. At this point we have a high factor XIIa level and a low C1 inhibitor activity so that intravascular coagulation (DIC) may occur because then the inhibitory effect of heparin is neutralized by protamine. PMID- 3487311 TI - [von Willebrand syndrome]. AB - The von Willebrand syndrome is probably the most frequent heritable bleeding disorder. The pathophysiological key-role plays the impaired platelet adhesion at sites of vascular injury. It is caused by the quantitative or qualitative abnormal von Willebrand factor. Experimental work of previous years led to a better understanding of the structure and function of the factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex. This knowledge was important for a new classification of the von Willebrand disease. PMID- 3487313 TI - [Incidence of occupational knee joint diseases in elderly pipe-fitters in the ship-building industry]. PMID- 3487312 TI - The necessity of using two parameters to describe isotonic shortening velocity of muscle tissues: the effect of various interventions upon initial shortening velocity (vi) and curvature (b). AB - In skinned skeletal muscle fibers and skinned preparations of myocardium or smooth muscle, for all conditions studied, the length traces during isotonic shortening are always found to be significantly curved. It is demonstrated that the observed curvature is not simply due to inhomogeneities on the sarcomere level in striated muscle, damaged ends of the preparations, double overlap and collision of filaments, or depletion of MgATP during the period of isotonic shortening. It is shown that the velocity of shortening can be described by an exponential function: v = vi exp (-b[SLi-SL]) with SLi: sarcomere length at the start of the release; SL: sarcomere length during isotonic shortening. Thus, instantaneous shortening velocity (v) is determined by two parameters: vi, the initial shortening velocity for SL = SLi, and b, a constant characterizing the decrease in velocity during isotonic shortening. Factors which affect isotonic shortening can do this by affecting vi, or by changing b, or both. Therefore, when analysing the effects of interventions which affect instantaneous shortening velocity, these two possibilities have to be distinguished. Since curvature of the length traces might be caused by noncross-bridge components, only vi, the initial speed of shortening, is a parameter which directly reflects kinetics of the cross-bridge cycle while instantaneous speed of shortening might also be affected by noncross-bridge factors. Analysing isotonic shortening in terms of vi and b, the effects of ionic strength, free Ca++ concentration, MgATP/MgADP ratio and temperature on unloaded isotonic shortening have been studied. For the conditions used, it can be shown that ionic strength and free Ca++ concentration only affect b without significant effect on vi, whereas MgATP/MgADP ratio and temperature affect both vi and b. This means that of these factors only MgATP/MgADP ratio and temperature affect the cross-bridge kinetics which determine the maximum speed of shortening while ionic strength and free Ca++ concentration have no such effect within the experimental error. PMID- 3487314 TI - The effect of GTP on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-stimulated Ca2+ efflux from a rat liver microsomal fraction. Is a GTP-dependent protein phosphorylation involved? AB - GTP, when added to a rat liver microsomal fraction that had previously been allowed to accumulate Ca2+, causes a slow release of Ca2+, which is greatly enhanced by addition of inositol trisphosphate (IP3). The Ca2+ release caused by IP3 under these conditions is very much greater than that observed in the absence of GTP. The effect of GTP is dependent on the presence of polyethylene glycol in the incubation medium and is not due to inhibition of the Ca2+-accumulation system. The response to GTP is time-dependent, particularly at low (4 microM) GTP concentrations, and cannot be mimicked by ATP, ITP, CTP, UTP and GDP. Studies with [gamma-32P]GTP show that, during incubation with microsomal fractions, the terminal phosphate of GTP is transferred to two protein species, of Mr 38 000 and 17 000. These protein phosphorylations are still present when an excess of unlabelled ATP is included in the incubation mixture, but appear to be unaffected by the presence or absence of IP3 and polyethylene glycol. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that a protein, phosphorylated by GTP, has to bind to the microsomal membranes before IP3 can stimulate Ca2+ release, and that, in vitro, the binding of this protein is favoured by the presence of polyethylene glycol. PMID- 3487316 TI - Inactivation of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 by spironolactone. AB - Administration of antimineralocorticoid spironolactone (SPL) to rats results in modest destruction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 with parallel loss of heme. This process is accentuated by pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX), an inducer of cytochrome P-450p and is associated with marked functional loss of cytochrome P 450p-dependent hydroxylases. Cytochrome P-450 destruction may be replicated in vitro when microsomes from DEX-pretreated rats are incubated with SPL and NADPH and is impaired when these rats are given triacetyloleandomycin, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450p. In vitro SPL-mediated cytochrome P-450 destruction is accompanied by a loss of heme, which appears to be converted to reactive intermediates which covalently bind to microsomes or are converted to polar metabolites. PMID- 3487315 TI - T-cell recognition of human haemoglobin. Localization of the full T-cell recognition profile of the beta-chain by a comprehensive synthetic strategy. AB - This paper reports the localization of the regions on the beta-chain that are recognized by T cells from mice immunized with haemoglobin. The 14 overlapping peptides encompassing the entire beta-chain were examined in vitro for their ability to stimulate lymph-node cells from haemoglobin-primed B10.D2 (H-2d) and SJL (H-2s) mice. Several regions of the molecule (T sites) were found to stimulate haemoglobin-primed lymph-node cells. This strategy has enabled the localization of the full profile of T-cell recognition of the beta-chain by these mouse strains. Some of the regions that stimulated T cells appeared to coincide with those recognized by antibodies (i.e. B cells). It is noteworthy that, in addition to sites recognized by both T and B cells, the protein has other sites that are recognized exclusively by T cells and to which no detectable antibody response is directed. PMID- 3487317 TI - Phytohemagglutinin treatment of T lymphocytes stimulates rapid increases in activity of both particulate and cytosolic protein kinase C. AB - We have measured the activity of protein kinase C in particulate and cytosolic fractions prepared from lymphocytes following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. Activity in the particulate fraction increased approximately three-fold within 5 min, and declined to nearly zero between 20 and 60 min. Cytosolic activity increased in a biphasic manner, with an initial increase at 5 min, a decline at 10 min, and a further increase by 20 min, which was sustained for at least 60 min. By contrast, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate caused a rapid translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to the particulate fraction which was sustained for at least 1 h. The results suggest that agents, such as phytohemagglutinin, which both generate diacylglycerol and mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores, result in changes in subcellular distribution and activity of protein kinase C which are different from those elicited by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 3487318 TI - Comparative studies on the mechanisms of paraquat and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) cytotoxicity. AB - 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is the putative toxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and is structurally similar to the herbicide paraquat (PQ++). We have therefore compared the effects of MPP+ and PQ++ on a well characterized experimental model, namely isolated rat hepatocytes. PQ++ generates reactive oxygen species within cells by redox cycling and its toxicity to hepatocytes was potentiated by pretreatment with 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase. In BCNU treated cells, PQ++ caused GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and cell death. These cytotoxic effects were prevented by the antioxidant N,N'-diphenyl-p phenylenediamine (DPPD) and the iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine. MPP+ also caused GSH depletion in BCNU-treated hepatocytes but its cytotoxicity was not markedly affected by BCNU, nor was it accompanied by significant lipid peroxidation. DPPD and desferrioxamine also failed to prevent MPP+-induced cell death. We conclude that the production of active oxygen species is likely to play a major role in PQ++ cytotoxicity, while MPP+-induced cell damage may involve additional, more important toxic mechanisms. PMID- 3487319 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) cause rapid ATP depletion in isolated hepatocytes. AB - 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its oxidized metabolite 1 methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) produce a rapid depletion of intracellular ATP in isolated rat hepatocytes. This effect was dose-dependent and was consistently observed before the onset of toxicity. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline provided significant protection against MPTP-induced cell death and ATP loss, but had no effect with MPP+. Thus, ATP depletion may play a critical role in MPTP toxicity, possibly via the metabolic production of MPP+. PMID- 3487321 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in pulmonary disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of alpha 1 antitrypsin in 62 white patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 51 white patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In RA, however, the association between pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial fibrosis was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 patients with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 patients with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had pulmonary fibrosis. In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with pulmonary involvement in SSc. Our findings suggest a possible role of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis in patients with RA. The absence of such an association in SSc suggests that pulmonary involvement in these 2 rheumatic diseases may have different pathogeneses. PMID- 3487320 TI - Cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin on B lymphocytes induces both intracellular Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx: analysis with indo-1. AB - The new Ca2+-probe indo-1 has a high fluorescence intensity, which allows low intracellular dye loadings. Stimulation of indo-1-loaded mouse B cells with anti Ig antibodies provoked rapid rise of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ from 100 nM to greater than 1 microM, followed by a decline to a plateau at 300-400 nM. The initial rapid rise was not detected in quin2-loaded cells, presumably due to the Ca2+ buffering effects of the dye. The sustained Ca2+ increase was due to influx, whereas the initial rise was caused by release from intracellular stores. The magnitudes of Ca2+ release and inositol trisphosphate release were closely correlated. Concanavalin A does not provoke inositol trisphosphate release in mouse B cells. It did not induce a rapid initial Ca2+ rise in indo-1-loaded B cells either, but only a sustained increase to 200-300 nM. Finally, Ca2+ influx induced by both anti-Ig and concanavalin A were not affected by membrane depolarization. PMID- 3487322 TI - Effect of anti-T cell autoantibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus sera upon T lymphocyte functions. AB - This study was undertaken to establish whether IgM and IgG anti-T cell autoantibodies obtained from sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, impair normal T lymphocyte functions. Two in vitro models of T cell function were examined: (a) the capacity of cells to cap, endocytose, and regenerate the T3, T4, and T8 surface antigens; and (b) the adenosine-induced T4- --T8 phenotype switch. The results demonstrated that autoantibody neither impaired the capping process, nor impeded the phenotypic switch. Thus, bound anti T cell autoantibodies do not appear to interfere with these specific T lymphocyte functions and cannot directly account for either the impaired T cell capping mechanism or the block in adenosine-induced phenotype switch observed during active systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3487324 TI - Comparison of pain properties in fibromyalgia patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - Pain properties of 50 fibromyalgia patients were examined and compared with pain properties of 50 rheumatoid arthritis patients. In both fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis, pain was bilateral, involved multiple sites, and was of equal intensity (60.8 versus 58.7, respectively, on a scale of 100). Fibromyalgia pain, however, was less localized to the joints and suggested greater spatial diffusion. It involved more kinds of pain experiences (radiating, steady, spreading, spasms, gnawing, unlocalized, pricking, crushing, shooting, pressing, splitting, cramping, nagging, and pins and needles), and was dispersed over larger areas of the body. The anatomic sites best for discrimination between patients with fibromyalgia and patients with rheumatoid arthritis were the lower back, thigh, abdomen, head, and hips for fibromyalgia, and wrist, foot, and fingers for rheumatoid arthritis. The traditional clinical description of aching and stiffness does not appear to accurately describe the complexity of the fibromyalgia pain syndrome. PMID- 3487323 TI - Complement-activating abilities of defined antinuclear antibodies. AB - A complement-fixing immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells was used to assess the ability of various antinuclear antibodies (ANA) to activate complement. Sera which contained only specific antibodies to nuclear RNP, SS-B/La, centromere, Sm antigen, double-stranded DNA, and/or nuclear histone were selected. Relative abilities of various ANA to activate complement were determined from the ratio of titers of C3, C4, or properdin-fixing ANA to the IgG ANA titers. Nuclear RNP-anti RNP complexes activated and deposited significantly more complement C3 than other ANA (P less than 0.02). Antibodies to SS-B/La, centromere, and Sm activated more complement than anti-DNA or antihistone (P less than 0.02). Antihistone antibodies activated the least complement. These studies demonstrate that different ANA have significantly different orders of complement-activating capabilities when bound to their respective nuclear antigens. PMID- 3487325 TI - Association of cerebrospinal fluid IgM index with central nervous system involvement in Behcet's disease. AB - Immunoglobulin (IgM, IgA, and IgG) and albumin values were determined in 12 patients who had signs and symptoms of central nervous system involvement attributable to Behcet's disease. Only the cerebrospinal fluid IgM index, which was significantly elevated in patients with active neuro-Behcet's syndrome, was found to decrease when the neurologic manifestations of the disease had disappeared. This indicates that determination of this index may be of help in the evaluation of central nervous system disease activity in neuro-Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 3487327 TI - Pharmacological profiles of 2-carboxyphenyl-1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2 methylindole-3-acetate and 2-[(2-carboxyphenoxy)-carbonyl]phenyl-1-(4 chlorobenzoyl)-5-meth oxy-2- methylindole-3-acetate, new antiinflammatory agents. AB - When the effects of new antiinflammatory drugs, 2-carboxyphenyl-1-(4 chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-indole-3-acetate (TB 219) and 2-[(2 carboxyphenoxy)carbonyl]phenyl-1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5- methoxy-2-methylindole-3 acetate (TB 220), were investigated in various experiments, the following results were obtained: 1. TB 219 and TB 220 showed remarkable inhibitory effects on carrageenin edema, ultraviolet erythema and adjuvant arthritis. Although TB 219 displayed almost equipotent or slightly more potent effect than those of indometacin and acemetacin, TB 220 was slightly less effective than these two reference drugs except for the therapeutic effect on adjuvant arthritis. 2. TB 219 and TB 220 inhibited the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid and inflammatory hyperesthesia, and they provided a significant antipyretic activity. 3. Both drugs elicited almost negligible side effects in the gastrointestinal tract even after the repeated administrations. Especially, ulcerogenic activity of TB 220 was extremely weak. LD50's of both drugs are higher than that of indometacin in rats. 4. Both drugs elicited no appreciable changes in general behavior in mice and rats after oral administration. After intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of these two drugs, no marked changes in spontaneous EEG pattern and the spinal reflex were observed. PMID- 3487326 TI - Investigations on calmodulin antagonistic effects of bepridil in intact and skinned fibres of smooth muscle. AB - Potassium-induced contractions of rat aortic strips are completely inhibited by N benzyl-beta-(isobutoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-pyrrolidine-ethylamine (bepridil, Cordium) 10(-5) mol/l. In contrast, contractions induced by norepinephrine are only partially inhibited (by 40%) by identical doses of bepridil. Since the latter effect could be due to an inhibition of calcium release from intracellular compartments it was investigated how bepridil influences the effect of calcium on functionally isolated contractile structures. Smooth muscle preparations (guinea pig taenia coli and pig coronary artery) were skinned with octoxinol and suspended in adenosine triphosphate salt solution. During long-term incubation (greater than 40 min) of skinned fibres in low-calcium solution (pCa greater than 8) the calmodulin (CaM) is extracted. A calcium-induced contraction occurs only by adding CaM, showing the necessity of CaM for contraction. In the presence of bepridil 10(-4) mol/l the following effects were observed: submaximal contractions induced by calcium (1.1-1.6 mumol/l) were inhibited completely, the effects of calcium (4 mumol/l and 30 mumol/l) were inhibited by 83 +/- 4.5% and 53 +/- 10.5% respectively (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 5). These effects could be completely antagonized by addition of calmodulin, final concentration 5 mumol/l. Verapamil did not show any inhibitory effects even in high concentrations (up to 10(-3) mol/l). Thus the effects of bepridil on the contractile mechanism in vascular smooth muscle are at least partly mediated through an intracellular mechanism - most probably inhibition of calmodulin. PMID- 3487328 TI - Bedside bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We studied the utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as the primary diagnostic procedure in 46 separate episodes of suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in 42 patients with AIDS. 35 procedures were performed at the bedside. A separate group of 40 historical controls with AIDS and suspected PCP had transbronchial biopsy (TBB) as the primary procedure. At least 100 cc of saline in 50 cc aliquots was used for BAL. Specimens were processed using rapid silver methenamine, Papanicolau, and Ziehl Neelson stains with appropriate cultures. There were 29 positives and 17 true negatives for PCP with BAL, confirmed by biopsy in 11, and using clinical criteria in 6. Accuracy, sensitivity, and predictive value of a negative result were all 100%. There was no significant difference in yield between TBB and BAL (p greater than 0.10). BAL was useful to diagnose other opportunistic organisms including CMV, atypical mycobacteria, and fungi. The frequency of isolates in the TBB group were comparable. TBB was complicated by 4 episodes of major bleeding. The data indicate that bedside BAL is effective, and safer than TBB in patients with AIDS and suspected PCP. We advocate BAL as the primary diagnostic procedure which can be performed at the bedside in patients with suspected PCP and AIDS. The high accuracy and predictive value of a negative BAL for PCP suggests confirmatory procedures may not be necessary in many cases. PMID- 3487329 TI - Low circulating thymulin-like activity in children with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. AB - Thymic secretory function was assessed by determining levels of circulating thymulin-like activity in plasma of 21 pediatric patients infected with the HTLV III/LAV retrovirus. All the patients had serum antibodies against p41 antigens of HTLV-III on Western blot analyses. In accordance with the latest definition established by the Centers for Disease Control, 14 patients had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the remaining 7 were classified as having AIDS-related complex. Their ages ranged from 1 to 7 years, with 10 being less than 1 year of age. Circulating thymulin activity, normally highest in healthy children under 15 years of age, was undetectable in 11 patients and below normal range for age in the remaining. OKT4/OKT8 ratios of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood were below normal in the majority of patients. Our findings suggest that thymic epithelial injury may be an early event in HTLV-III/LAV-related disease and may precede the development of clinical and/or immunologic aberrations. PMID- 3487331 TI - Use of (2-6 degrees C) refrigeration of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. PMID- 3487330 TI - Lymphangiography and abdominal computerized tomography in persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. AB - Lymphangiography (LAG) and abdominal computed tomography (CT) were performed on 13 intravenous drug (heroin) abusers with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). All 12 LAG performed were abnormal with a repetitive pattern of diffuse abnormalities of internal structures with small filling defects of both pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes. In 12/13 (92%) of the patients, lymphadenopathy was evidenced by CT scan as well. Retroperitoneal lymph nodes were always abnormal, mesenteric and pelvic nodes in 7 patients each. In 9/13 (69%) of the patients, the spleen was found to be moderately enlarged. The LAG films of our first 2 patients referred to us with an erroneous histologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma were read to be consistent with involvement by lymphoma. Considering that patients with PGL are at risk for transformation to malignant lymphoma, the LAG and CT findings of PGL should be kept in mind when transformation to malignant lymphoma occurs and staging is performed. PMID- 3487332 TI - Long-term follow-up of serum-interferon and its acid-stability in a group of homosexual men. AB - For a period of over two years 99 volunteer healthy homosexual men were examined periodically for the presence of interferon (IFN) in their serum. Thirty-nine subjects had either undetectable IFN levels in serum or IFN was detected only once in three to five samples tested. In another 45 subjects low IFN levels were detected throughout the study period. None of these subjects had or developed any disease symptoms. In the remaining 15 subjects high serum IFN levels were detected at their enrollment or during the study period. All these subjects started to manifest clinical symptoms compatible with AIDS. In six subjects the mean time elapsed between the first detection of serum IFN and disease symptoms was 6.5 months. In all subjects but one, the IFN was of type alpha. The acid stability of serum IFN alpha decreased with time, and when its decrease was abrupt it was associated with a more rapid evolution of AIDS. Sera containing acid-labile IFN alpha can induce IFN alpha synthesis in normal lymphocyte cultures (LC), but do not influence IFN gamma synthesis in LC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. LC stimulated with viral antigens in the presence of serum with acid-labile IFN alpha synthesized IFN with an increased sensitivity for acid treatment. The results confirm the prognostic value of serum IFN alpha in the development of AIDS, and suggest that the transition to acid-lability may be a gradual process. PMID- 3487333 TI - Hypoglycemic coma from pentamadine in an AIDS patient. PMID- 3487334 TI - The use of 15 methyl F2 alpha prostaglandin (Prostin 15M) for the control of postpartum hemorrhage. AB - Postpartum hemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening obstetric complication. A 22-month experience treating postpartum hemorrhage with Prostin 15M patients who had not responded to conventional therapy is presented. A total of 26 patients were treated. There were 22 successes and 4 failures (84.6% success rate). Two failures were documented placenta accreta. Side effects occurred in 13 of the 26 patients and were generally mild. This group of patients is at risk for significant blood loss as well as blood replacement. The treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with intramuscular Prostin 15M was found to be safe and effective. PMID- 3487335 TI - Obesity and body weight standards. PMID- 3487336 TI - Impaired natural killing activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical characteristics and a study of defective mechanisms. AB - We have studied NK activity against K562 cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 83 patients affected with RA and searched for correlations with some clinical and laboratory parameters. In 65 patients T lymphocyte subsets were investigated by laser flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 antigens and in 25 patients also HNK-1+ cells were enumerated. NK activity in patients with RA resulted significantly decreased compared with controls (relative cytotoxic index = 0.68 +/- 0.74 versus 1.00 +/- 0.60, p less than 0.01). Decreased NK activity was not correlated with sex, age, duration of disease, ESR, haemoglobin, serum alpha-2-globulin, serum gamma-globulin, rheumatoid factor titre. The only clinical parameter correlated with decreased NK activity was the anatomical stage of the disease. NK activity depression resulted to be significantly correlated with OKT3+ cell percentage and at a lesser extent with OKT4+ and OKT8+ cell percentages. HNK-1+ cell percentage resulted only slightly reduced in patients with RA (13.1 +/- 8.7 versus 15.0 +/- 7.0) and there was only a modest correlation (p approximately equal to 0.10) between NK activity and HNK-1+ cell percentage. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of impaired NK activity in RA, experiments in vitro were carried out on PBMC of 23 patients to investigate the effects of the depletion of cells adherent to plastic, incubation with beta-interferon (1000 IU/ml) and incubation with indomethacin (10 -6M). Our data suggest that decreased NK activity in RA is mainly due to functional immaturity of NK cells and sometimes to inhibition by monocytes in some cases probably through prostaglandin release. PMID- 3487337 TI - The effect of loop diuretics on the vestibular system. Assessment by recording the vestibular evoked response. AB - Whether or to what extent loop diuretics, e.g., ethacrynic acid and furosemide, affect the vestibular system is controversial. We studied this problem by recording in cats the short-latency vestibular evoked response (VsER) to acceleration stimuli by skin electrodes before and after local or systemic administration of loop diuretics. The effect on the VsER was minimal in contrast to the major changes that appeared in the auditory evoked response, in which, among the waves known to originate from the brain stem, the most affected was N1. These findings suggest that the vestibular end-organ function is minimally affected by loop diuretics and that the changes in the vestibulo-ocular reflex reported by several authors might be due to the effect of the drugs on the central nervous system. Thus, recording of the VsER in experimental animal models might serve as a useful tool for direct evaluation of the effect of certain drugs and conditions on the vestibular system. PMID- 3487338 TI - [T lymphocyte subpopulations in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 3487339 TI - Lung mechanics, radiography and 67Ga scintigraphy in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Respiratory system pressure-volume (P-V) studies, 67Ga-citrate scans, and chest radiographs were made in the corticosteroid-treated rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The steroid treatment used to provoke Pneumocystis infection in this model resulted in a reduction in body weight, lung weight and lung volumes compared to age-matched controls but no change in the normalized pressure volume curve. P. carinii infection was associated with increased lung wet weight and flattening of the respiratory system P-V curve when compared to either age matched controls or steroid-treated animals on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for P. carinii. Radiographs were interpreted as positive in only three of 11 animals with P. carinii, whereas 10 of 12 animals showed positive gallium-67 lung scans. We conclude that both gallium uptake and altered lung mechanics occur in the rat with Pneumocystis carinii and may reflect increased alveolar permeability and surfactant abnormalities noted in other studies. PMID- 3487340 TI - Complement cleavage products in the phototoxic reaction of porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - We have measured C3, C4, CH50 and complement cleavage products C3a and C5a in in sera and plasma from PCT patients and normal controls 10 min and 1, 4 and 24 h after UVA irradiation. We found elevated C3a concentrations in PCT patients immediately after UVA irradiation and 24 h later. The same was true for CH50, whereas C3, C4 and C5a did not change significantly. No such changes occurred in normal controls. Our data suggest that activation of the complement cleavage product C3a by porphyrin and UV light triggers a series of events that cause tissue damage. PMID- 3487341 TI - The relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and prolymphocytic leukaemia. I. Clinical and laboratory features of 300 patients and characterization of an intermediate group. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of 300 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) of B-cell type were studied in order to investigate the relationship between these two diseases. Statistical analysis demonstrated that more than 55% circulating prolymphocytes (PROL) was a defining criterion for PLL, disorder characterized by marked splenomegaly without lymph-node enlargement, cells with high density of membrane-immunoglobulin (SmIg), low mouse-rosettes (M-rosettes) and strong reactivity with the monoclonal antibody FMC7. Patients with typical CLL, defined as having less than 10% PROL, were on average 10 years younger than those with PLL and showed preferential lymph-node to spleen involvement. Characteristic markers of CLL were weak SmIg, high M-rosettes and low reactivity with FMC7. Patients with 11-55% PROL, group designated as CLL/PL, were found to have intermediate features between CLL and PLL: the degree of splenomegaly was disproportionate to the lymph-node enlargement, the number of cases with strong SmIg was closer to that found in PLL, but the other markers were not significantly different from CLL. The CLL/PL group appeared to be heterogeneous and includes at least two types of CLL, one with increased proportions of PROL but otherwise typical disease, and another in 'prolymphocytoid' transformation. Our study suggests that although PLL cannot be considered as the extreme end of a continuous spectrum from typical CLL, the spleen may be the source of PROL both in PLL and in CLL/PL. PMID- 3487342 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an AIDS like disease? PMID- 3487343 TI - Sickness absence and duration of service in the Post Office 1982-3. AB - For some years a high severity of sickness absence has been noted in young postmen. This cross sectional study is of 4419 male postmen and 787 male postal officers and postal assistants, of whom 3753 and 709 respectively were employed for the whole year of the study from 1 April 1982 to 31 March 1983. A stratification technique was used to assess the influence of duration of service on sickness absence within certain age ranges. Differences in the proportion of men taking more than a stated number of spells or days, in groups of short and long service, are tested statistically using Chi square tests with a continuity correction. Statistically significant reductions, with increasing duration of service, are found for self certificated spells and days in all postmen and for certificated spells but not days in younger postmen. Older postal officers and postal assistants have a statistically significant reduction in self certificated spells. Young postal officers and postal assistants show no significant change in spells and days of sickness absence with duration of service. It is concluded that the excess severity of sickness absence in younger postmen is due to self certificated absence rather than certificated absence. The difference in severity of sickness absence in various diagnostic groups with increasing duration of service is discussed. The limitations of a cross sectional study mean that further work is required to investigate this problem using longitudinal techniques. PMID- 3487344 TI - Ophthalmia nodosa and the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. AB - We present a case of ophthalmia nodosa and Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome in a patient scratched by a cat six and a half months previously and who gave a positive result to an antigen test for cat scratch disease. In conjunctival swabs were also found urticarial hairs, tracheal fragments, processionary caterpillar oenocytes, and a grain of pollen. The pathogenic part played by each of these foreign bodies is discussed, as well as the possibility of the oculoglandular syndrome being due to the reactivation of a latent virus, the organism of cat scratch disease. So far as we know, this work provides the first description of the association of ophthalmia nodosa with the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. PMID- 3487345 TI - Contrast sensitivity versus visual acuity in retinal disease. AB - A large group of individuals with retinal disease were tested prospectively for contrast sensitivity by means of Arden gratings. A subgroup of 19 were also tested with the Nicolet automated television system. Individuals with macular or peripheral dystrophy showed a general reduction in contrast sensitivity as visual acuity decreased. The loss of contrast sensitivity was more prominent for high spatial frequencies (6.4 cycles per degree) than for low ones (0.2 cycles per degree). Similar results were obtained for patients with achromatopsia and congenital stationary night blindness. Patients with functional complaints, but no organic basis for decreased acuity, showed greater scatter in their test scores. The Nicolet results showed somewhat smoother curves, but were no more specific in separating normality from abnormality. Contrast sensitivity testing was not specific for the retinal disease entities considered, but may be useful in recording a degree of retinal damage and a degree of functional visual disability. Contrast sensitivity appeared to be reduced whenever acuity was reduced, so that a distinction could be made between patients having a loss of contrast beyond the expectations for their level of acuity and those in whom a loss of contrast simply corroborates the reduction of acuity. PMID- 3487346 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of RTEM-2 beta-lactamase by cephamycins: relative importance of the 7 alpha-methoxy group and the 3' leaving group. AB - Cefoxitin is a poor substrate of many beta-lactamases, including the RTEM-2 enzyme. Fisher and co-workers [Fisher, J., Belasco, J. G., Khosla, S., & Knowles, J. R. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2895-2901] showed that the reaction between cefoxitin and RTEM-2 beta-lactamase yielded a moderately stable acyl-enzyme whose hydrolysis was rate-determining to turnover at saturation. The present work shows first that the covalently bound substrate in this acyl-enzyme has a 5-exo methylene-1,3-thiazine structure, i.e., that the good (carbamoyloxy) 3' leaving group of cefoxitin has been eliminated in formation of the acyl-enzyme. Such an elimination has recently been shown in another case to yield an acyl-beta lactamase inert to hydrolysis [Faraci, W. S., & Pratt, R. F. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 903-910]. Thus the cefoxitin molecule has two potential sources of beta lactamase resistance, the 7 alpha-methoxy group and the good 3' leaving group. That the latter is important in the present example is shown by the fact that with analogous substrates where no elimination occurs at the enzyme active site, such as 3'-de(carbamoyloxy)cefoxitin and 3'-decarbamoylcefoxitin, no inert acyl enzyme accumulates. An analysis of the relevant rate constants shows that the 7 alpha-methoxy group weakens noncovalent binding and slows down both acylation and deacylation rates, but with major effect in the acylation rate, while elimination of the 3' leaving group affects deacylation only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487347 TI - [Thermoelastic properties of cross-bridges in skinned skeletal muscle fibers of the frog under a condition of rigor]. AB - Thermoelastic properties of cross-bridges were measured by application of small sinusoidal length perfurbations and submillisecond Joulean temperature jump to chemically skinned muscle fibre removed from rigor solution. The thermal expansion coefficient of fibres was 4.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-5) K-1. We have observed neither rubber-like stiffness increase, nor tension increase and stiffness decrease (which are expected if alpha-coil melting occurs) after temperature jump. PMID- 3487348 TI - A stochastic afterhyperpolarization model of repetitive activity in vestibular afferents. AB - A stochastic version of Kernell's (1968, 1972) model with cumulative afterhyperpolarization (AHP) was simulated. A characteristic of the model is that the AHP is the result of an increased potassium conductance (g K) that is time dependent but not voltage-dependent. Quantal synaptic inputs are assumed to be the only source of interspike interval variability. The model reproduces many features of the steady-state discharge of peripheral vestibular afferents, provided that firing rates are higher than 40 spikes/s. Among the results accounted for are the interspike interval statistics occurring during natural stimulation, their alteration by externally applied galvanic currents and the increase in the interspike interval following an interposed shock. Empirical studies show that some vestibular afferents have a regular spacing of action potentials, others an irregular spacing (Goldberg and Fernandez 1971b; Fernandez and Goldberg 1976). Irregularly discharging afferents have a higher sensitivity to externally applied galvanic currents than do regular afferents (Goldberg et al. 1984). To explain the relation between galvanic sensitivity and discharge regularity requires the assumption that neurons differ in both their synaptic noise (sigma v) and the slopes of their postspike voltage trajectories (d mu v/dt). The more irregular the neuron's discharge at a given firing frequency, the greater is sigma v and the smaller is d mu v/dt. Of the two factors, d mu v/dt is estimated to be four times more influential in determining discharge regularity across the afferent population. The shortcomings of the model are considered, as are possible remedies. Our conclusions are compared to previous discussions of mechanisms responsible for differences in the discharge regularity of vestibular afferents. PMID- 3487349 TI - Kinetics of force redevelopment in isolated intact frog fibers in solutions of varied osmolarity. AB - Isolated intact frog muscle fibers, while shortening with the intrinsic maximal speed, were stretched back to the original length to measure the kinetics of force redevelopment. These kinetics give information on the attachment rate constant in the cross-bridge cycle in vivo, and a value of approximately 25.6 s-1 (0 degree C) is found in the present study. We find that these kinetics were slightly less sensitive to temperature than was the unloaded shortening speed. The effect of hyperosmolarity on force redevelopment was also measured in solutions with added sucrose or KCl. The rate constant was nearly halved with 120 mM sucrose, but there was practically no effect with isosmotic (60 mM) KCl. These results indicate that the rate constant of force redevelopment is insensitive to raised intracellular ionic strength. In sucrose, the fiber width was also compressed, and the attenuation of the rate constant of force redevelopment in this case is consequently attributed to the decrease in interfilament space. The order of magnitude of the rate constant found in this study suggests that tension transduction by a cross-bridge, during each turnover cycle, requires a series of elementary steps following the attachment. PMID- 3487350 TI - Dilatation of Golgi vesicles by monensin leads to enhanced accumulation of sugar nucleotides. AB - Incubation of mouse thymocytes with 10 microM monensin for 1 hour induces morphological alterations characterized by the extensive dilatation and vacuolization of the Golgi complex. This effect is used to study the transport and utilization of labelled sugar nucleotides into intracellular vesicles by using thymocytes whose plasma membrane has been permeabilized by ammonium chloride treatment. It is demonstrated that monensin stimulates the incorporation of labelled sialyl, fucosyl, galactosyl, and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues. This enhanced incorporation is not due to a direct effect of monensin on glycosyltransferase activities themselves but is a consequence of a higher entry and accumulation of labelled sugar nucleotides in the dilated vesicles. PMID- 3487352 TI - The effect of platelets in the activation of human blood coagulation factor IX by factor XIa. AB - We report here the effect of activated human platelets on the activation of human factor IX by human factor XIa. Factor IXa formed during activation was determined via its ability to activate bovine factor X. To increase sensitivity, phospholipids and bovine factor VIIIa were present in the assay. The kinetic parameters of the factor IX activation were determined in the presence of 10 mmol/L CaCl2. The Km for factor IX was 0.30 mumol/L and kcat was 2.4 s-1. Activated human platelets inhibited factor IX activation by factor XIa in a dose dependent manner, whereas unstimulated platelets had no effect. Factor IX activation was inhibited for more than 90% at a platelet concentration of 4 X 10(8)/mL, whereas concentrations of less than 10(6)/mL had no influence. The inhibitory effect could be induced by thrombin, collagen, calcium ionophore A 23187, and adrenalin. The appearance of inhibitory activity could be blocked by the addition of the prostacyclin analogue ZK 36374 at any time during platelet activation. Stirring during platelet activation was not necessary. These results suggest that the inhibition is caused by a release reaction. This was confirmed by centrifugation experiments that showed that the inhibitory activity could be recovered from the supernatant of the activated platelets. The inhibitory activity was destroyed upon boiling and was susceptible to trypsin digestion. Passage of platelet supernatant over ACA 22 showed that the inhibitory activity eluted with an apparent molecular weight of less than 1,200,000 but greater than 669,000. The inhibition of factor XIa was reversible. These data suggest that platelets release an antiprotease of factor XIa that reversibly inhibits factor XIa. Lineweaver-Burk analysis showed that the inhibitor caused both an increase in Km for factor IX and a decrease in kcat of factor IXa formation by factor XIa. PMID- 3487351 TI - Enhancement of the proliferation of human marrow erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells by prostaglandin E requires the participation of OKT8-positive T lymphocytes and is associated with the density expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on BFU-E. AB - The relationship between major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (MHC class II, eg, HLA-DR, Ia), T lymphocytes, and the enhancement of erythroid colony formation from BFU-E by prostaglandin E was analyzed using normal bone marrow cells. In primary methylcellulose culture, the addition of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to unseparated buffy coat, low-density, or nonadherent low-density (NAL) marrow cells resulted in an enhancement of the total number of erythroid (BFU-E) colonies observed. Treatment of bone marrow cells with a monoclonal antihuman MHC class II antibody plus complement (C') resulted in a reduction of the total number of colonies by approximately 50% and abrogation of the enhancing effect of PGE1. Analysis of accessory cell requirements by depletion of both adherent cells and sheep erythrocyte rosetting lymphocytes (E+ cells) and reconstitution using C' or anti-MHC class II antibody plus C'-treated T cell-depleted NAL (NALT-) marrow cells and E+ cell populations treated with C' or anti-MHC class II antibody plus C' demonstrated a requirement for MHC class II antigen-T cells, but not adherent cells, and a requirement for MHC class II antigen + BFU-E in order to observe the enhancing effect of PGE1 on erythroid colony formation. Positive selection of BFU-E in NALT- bone marrow expressing differing density distributions of MHC class II antigens was accomplished with monoclonal anti-MHC class II antibodies and sorting with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Addition of E+ cells to the different populations of MHC class II antigen+ NALT- cells demonstrated that the PGE-enhancing effects on erythroid colony formation were directly related to increasing density distributions of MHC class II antigens on BFU-E. Colony formation by BFU-E expressing a low density distribution of MHC class II antigens or having no detectable MHC class II antigens, as determined by FACS analysis, was not enhanced by PGE1 in the presence of MHC class II antigen-positive or -negative T cells. PMID- 3487353 TI - A new von Willebrand variant (type I, New York): increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and plasma von Willebrand factor containing the full range of multimers. AB - We report three members of a family who had reduced levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) (aggregation of platelet-rich plasma with ristocetin at a concentration of 0.45 mg/mL), as previously reported in type IIB and pseudo-von Willebrand's disease (vWD). However, in contrast to the latter two disorders in which the larger vWF multimers are absent in plasma, the entire range of vWF multimers was observed in the patients' plasma after sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis, and all vWF multimers (including the largest) were present in the same proportion as in normal plasma and type I vWD. Thus, despite increased RIPA, the levels and multimeric pattern of vWF in this family's plasma were indistinguishable from those in type I vWD in which RIPA is usually decreased. Addition of ristocetin to the patients' platelet-rich plasma resulted in the removal of vWF (and, more selectively, of the large multimers) at lower concentrations of ristocetin than normal, as in type IIB and pseudo-vWD. The defect in the patients was localized to their vWF, which had an enhanced capacity for aggregating washed normal platelets in the presence of low concentrations of ristocetin and for aggregating pseudo-vWD platelets (in the absence of ristocetin). Both glycoproteins (GP) Ib and IIb-IIIa were involved in the enhanced aggregation response. RIPA (at low ristocetin concentrations) in the patients' platelet-rich plasma was abolished by a monoclonal antibody (AP1) to GPIb and was markedly reduced by monoclonal antibodies (10E5 and LJP9) that block adenosine diphosphate and thrombin-induced binding of vWF and fibrinogen to GPIIb IIIa but was unaffected by an antibody (LJP5) that only blocks vWF binding. Partial inhibition of the initial aggregation slope (and complete inhibition of second phase aggregation) was achieved with creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase. EDTA blocked second-phase aggregation but was without effect on the initial slope. The findings in this family combine some features of both type I vWD (normal pattern of vWF multimers in plasma) and type IIB vWD (increased RIPA) and further demonstrate the increasing complexity of the structure-function relationships in vWD. PMID- 3487355 TI - Functional characterization of platelet-bound factor XIa: retention of factor XIa activity on the platelet surface. AB - Previously we have shown that both factor XI and factor XIa are bound specifically to distinct, high-affinity sites on the surface of activated platelets in the presence of high Mr kininogen. To determine the functional significance of factor XIa binding to platelets, bound factor XIa has now been compared with the unbound enzyme. Platelets incubated with thrombin, high Mr kininogen, and 125I-labeled factor XIa bound 130 to 500 molecules of factor XIa per platelet. Scatchard analysis of binding data give a dissociation constant (Kd) of 822 pmol/L +/- 140 (SEM). Rates of factor IX activation, assayed by release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble 3H-labeled activation peptide from purified [3H]-factor IX, were similar when factor XIa was bound to platelets and when it was free in solution. The platelet-bound factor XIa was isolated by centrifugation through 20% sucrose and was functionally characterized both in a factor XIa coagulation assay and in the factor IX activation peptide release assay in comparison with unbound factor XIa in the presence of treated platelets. The functional activity of platelet-bound factor XIa as a factor IX activator as well as its structural integrity were shown to be fully retained on the platelet surface. Since platelets bind factor XI and promote its proteolytic activation to factor XIa, factor XIa binding to platelets may serve to localize factor IX activation to the hemostatic plug, where factor XIa is protected from inactivation by plasma protease inhibitors and where acceleration of subsequent coagulation reactions can occur. PMID- 3487354 TI - Purified colony-stimulating factors enhance the survival of human neutrophils and eosinophils in vitro: a rapid and sensitive microassay for colony-stimulating factors. AB - The survival of purified human blood neutrophils and eosinophils was monitored using microwell cultures. Survival was enhanced in cultures containing human or murine colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). The survival of both cell types was enhanced by purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage CSF and partially purified preparations of the native molecule, CSF alpha. Neutrophil but not eosinophil survival was enhanced by murine granulocyte-CSF and its human analogue CSF beta. Eosinophil but not neutrophil survival was enhanced by murine eosinophil differentiation factor (eosinophil CSF). The mature cell survival provided an assay system for CSF that was 10(2) to 10(3) more sensitive than the standard assay of stimulation of colony formation in agar cultures and could be completed within 48 hours. These results demonstrated that CSF induced and enhanced survival of mature human neutrophils and eosinophils in vitro. Furthermore, the lineage specificity of purified murine CSFs was retained in their action on human cells. PMID- 3487356 TI - The effect of C1 inhibitor upon Hageman factor autoactivation. AB - Using components purified from human plasma, we have examined the effects of C1 inhibitor (C1 INH), the primary inhibitor of activated Hageman Factor (HFa) and Hageman factor fragment (HFf), on Hageman Factor (HF) autoactivation. When Hageman factor was exposed to a negatively charged surface, provided by either a glass cuvette or dextran sulfate, the addition of C1 INH gave a dose-dependent inhibition of the activity observed. The ability of C1 INH to decrease the maximal enzymatic activity generated was markedly temperature dependent with inhibition increasing as the temperature was raised from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Although the rates of both autoactivation and inhibition were decreased at lower temperatures (4 degrees C), the latter rate was more sensitive to temperature modulation. When HF (final concentration 1 mumol/L) was incubated with C1 INH (0.54, 1.07, and 2.14 mumol/L) in the absence of an initiating surface, no increases in enzymatic activity were observed for up to 48 hours regardless of the C1 INH concentration. However, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the incubation mixture revealed that HF autodigestion had occurred by 48 hours despite the presence of C1 INH. In addition, the appearance of a new band suggested that a complex had been formed between the inhibitor and activated HF. Our findings indicate that C1 INH does not prevent HF autoactivation but rather inactivates the products of HF autodigestion. PMID- 3487358 TI - Response to 2'-deoxycoformycin after failure of interferon-alpha in nonsplenectomized patients with hairy cell leukemia. AB - Two patients with hairy cell leukemia with massive splenomegaly and severe pancytopenia were treated with recombinant alpha-A interferon (IFN-alpha-2a). There was no significant response to a trial of IFN-alpha-2a (11 and 20 weeks) with respect to blood counts or spleen size. Subsequent treatment with 2' deoxycoformycin (dCF) for 8 consecutive weeks (4 mg/m2/wk) resulted in normalization of spleen size and a normalization of peripheral blood counts and bone marrow in one patient. The second patient demonstrated a reduction in spleen size and improved blood counts following 9 weeks of dCF therapy but eventually became refractory. This demonstrates that dCF is non-cross-resistant with interferon and confirms the efficacy of dCF in nonsplenectomized patients. PMID- 3487357 TI - A new variant of type II von Willebrand disease with aberrant multimeric structure of plasma but not platelet von Willebrand factor (type IIF). AB - A patient with a lifelong bleeding disorder was diagnosed as having Type II von Willebrand disease. The larger multimers of von Willebrand factor were absent from her plasma but present in platelets. A high-resolution electrophoretic technique was used to study the complex structure of individual von Willebrand factor multimers. In normal plasma, each multimer could be resolved into five bands: a more intense central one and four less intense, two moving faster and two slower than the central band. In normal platelets, each multimer could also be resolved into five bands. The central one had a mobility similar to that in plasma, whereas the four satellite bands had a mobility that differed from that of the corresponding plasma bands. In the patient, platelet von Willebrand factor antigen content and ristocetin cofactor activity were normal, and von Willebrand factor showed the same structure of individual multimers as seen in normal platelets. On the other hand, plasma von Willebrand factor antigen and ristocetin cofactor activity were decreased, and the structure of individual von Willebrand factor multimers was different from that of normal plasma and similar to that seen in normal and patient's platelets. After infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, the largest von Willebrand factor multimers, as well as new satellite bands with a mobility similar to those in normal plasma, appeared in the patient plasma, and the levels of von Willebrand factor antigen and ristocetin cofactor activity became normal. Yet no relevant change in the prolonged bleeding time was observed. This new variant of von Willebrand disease, therefore, is characterized by the presence of a dysfunctional von Willebrand factor molecule that exhibits unique structural abnormalities in plasma but appears to be normal in platelets. The designation of Type IIF is proposed for this type of von Willebrand disease in accordance with the terminology that has been previously used. PMID- 3487360 TI - Stimulation of persisting colonies in agar cultures by sera from patients with CML and AML. AB - Cord plasma contains colony-stimulating activity (CSA) which stimulates the in vitro clonal growth of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, erythrocytes, and persisting mast cells in semisolid cultures. Analysis of day 35 colonies in agar cultures was found to be a suitable means of demonstrating this activity and discriminating between it and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Serum (10%) from patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML) was added to normal human bone marrow cultures to search for similar activity in these patient's serum. Although the number of colonies on day 12 (predominantly neutrophils and macrophages) was not significantly different from the number of colonies in cultures containing normal serum, the number of colonies increased 500% in cultures containing CML serum on day 35. Serum from patients with AML during regeneration also stimulated an increased number of colonies on day 35. Although both eosinophil and mast cell colonies were still present on day 35, only mast cell colonies persisted for 150 days. On day 35, cultures containing 10% CML serum contained predominantly eosinophil colonies (84%), whereas cultures containing AML serum contained predominantly mast cell colonies (76%). Although serum contains various CSFs, the specific factor which stimulates persisting mast cell colonies may be the human equivalent of murine persisting (P) cell-stimulating factor (Multi-CSF). PMID- 3487359 TI - Effects of recombinant GM-CSF on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - The effects of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF) were compared to those of media conditioned by the continuous bladder carcinoma line, HTB9 (HTB9-CM), using three criteria. First, both GM-CSF and HTB9 CM stimulated blast colony formation in methylcellulose cultures, patient-to patient variations were seen in the dose-response curves, and GM-CSF was effective, but less so that HTB9-CM. Second, GM-CSF also enhanced growth of blast progenitors in suspension culture, indicating its capacity to support self renewal. GM-CSF was as effective as HTB9-CM in the production of adherent cells during the growth of blast cells in suspension, a finding that is interpreted to mean that GM-CSF also supports postdeterministic events in blast differentiation. Finally, colonies growing in the presence of GM-CSF were not phenotypically different than those stimulated by HTB9-CM. PMID- 3487361 TI - Platelet von Willebrand factor: an important determinant of the bleeding time in type I von Willebrand's disease. AB - We studied 17 patients with moderate to mild type I von Willebrand's disease (vWd) and correlated the bleeding time with the plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf Ag), the plasma vWf activity (ristocetin cofactor), the platelet vWf Ag, and the platelet vWf activity. We found an excellent correlation between the bleeding time and the platelet vWf activity and, to a lesser extent, between the bleeding time and the platelet vWf Ag. The length of the bleeding time was inversely proportional to the level of the platelet vWf (P less than .001) or, to a lesser extent, the platelet vWf Ag (P less than .05). The plasma vWf Ag and activity did not correlate significantly with the bleeding time. These studies indicate that the platelet vWf is one of the important bleeding time factors in type I vWd and that the platelet vWf plays an important role in the early steps of hemostasis. PMID- 3487364 TI - Endophthalmitis and bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 3487362 TI - In situ quantification of T-cell subsets, NK-like cells and macrophages in Hodgkin's disease: quantity and quality of infiltration density depends on histopathological subtypes. AB - The present investigation addressed itself to the in situ quantification of reactive cells in tumour tissues affected by Hodgkin's disease. Immunostaining was used for identification and stereology was used for enumeration of T helper/inducer (CD4+) T-cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8+), NK-like (Leu7+) and cells of macrophage origin (Mono 2+). The evaluation of 50 cases showed that CD4+ cells always outnumbered CD8+ cells but the degree of this predominance varied depending on the histopathological subtypes (n.s. greater than m.c. greater than l.d.). Lymph nodes contained more CD4+ as well as CD8+ cells compared to spleens. Therefore, no changes in the T4:T8 ratio occurred. No significant differences in the densities of NK-like cells were observed, comparing the different histopathological subtypes as well as lymph nodes and spleens. Similarly, macrophage (M phi) density was comparable in all histopathological subtypes. However, lymph nodes contained significantly more M phi compared to spleens. On comparison of reactive cells in Hodgkin's tissues to non-Hodgkin lymphomas (79 cases) and normal controls (7 cases) significantly higher numbers of CD4+, CD8+ and Mono 2+ cells were found in Hodgkin's compared to non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In contrast, the density of NK-like cells in NHL as well as in normal tissues was fivefold compared to that observed in Hodgkin's tissues. PMID- 3487363 TI - Corneal dystrophy and total adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency. PMID- 3487365 TI - Hypothyroidism as a correlate of lateral ventricular enlargement in manic depressive and neurotic illness. AB - Lateral ventricular size, as assessed by computed tomography, was not significantly greater in manic-depressive cases than in neurotic patients, but 19% of manic-depressive cases had ventricular brain ratios (VBR) more than two standard deviations above the neurotic mean. Few correlates of VBR were found in the features of the illness and the treatment given, apart from the fact that in the outpatient sample, there was a significant association between increased VBR and hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was relatively common in this sample, but was treated and not associated with cognitive impairment. There was no relationship between lithium administration and VBR. PMID- 3487367 TI - Changes in gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex induced by combined visual and vestibular stimulation in goldfish. AB - Adaptive changes in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of goldfish were produced in a few hours by sinusoidally rotating restrained fish in the horizontal plane inside a vertically striped drum. The drum could also be sinusoidally rotated so that the gain of the VOR (the ratio of eye to head angular velocity) would have to increase to two or decrease to zero in order to maintain a stable retinal image. During 'training' towards two VOR gain measured at the stimulation frequency of 0.125 Hz increased rapidly over 6 h of stimulation to about 1.5 from an initial gain of 0.7. Half of that change occurred in the first 30 min. During training towards zero VOR gain measured at the stimulation frequency decreased to 0.15. About one-third of that change occurred in the first 30 min. Testing at different sinusoidal frequencies after 6 h stimulation showed that increases in VOR gain were generated across a 6-octave range; however, reductions in gain were produced over a narrow frequency range close to the training frequency. Gain reductions occurred more rapidly on a second day of stimulation. In a paradigm simulating reversing prisms, partial reversal of the VOR was observed in some fish. However, these fish also demonstrated spontaneous slow sinusoidal eye movements that may have represented a different means of adjusting eye movements to stabilize the retinal image. Goldfish provide a useful preparation for the study of adaptive gain changes in vertebrate oculomotor systems. PMID- 3487366 TI - Decreased interleukin-2 production in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. AB - Mitogen-stimulated basal and maximal interleukin-2 production has been measured in 60 control subjects and 45 patients with gastrointestinal cancer (14 localized and 31 advanced). Peripheral blood T cell subsets in these subjects were also measured. In patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer interleukin-2 production (mean +/- s.e.m. units/ml) is impaired when compared with that of control subjects (26.5 +/- 7 versus 61.1 +/- 9, P less than 0.0001) or patients with localized cancer (26.5 +/- 7 versus 59.4 +/- 13, P less than 0.02). This cannot be restored to normal by in vitro irradiation of the lymphocytes, suggesting that the impaired function is not due to IL-2 suppressor cells. Using monoclonal antibodies the percentages of T cell subsets were similar in all groups and we therefore conclude that the reduced production of IL-2 in these patients is due to deficient helper T cell function. These results provide a rational basis for the administration of exogenous IL-2 in the future management of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 3487368 TI - Changes in gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex induced by sinusoidal visual stimulation in goldfish. AB - The effects of sustained sinusoidal visual stimulation on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the optokinetic reflex (OKR) were investigated. Goldfish were held stationary inside a striped drum rotating sinusoidally about the vertical axis for 3 h. The VOR gain, the ratio of eye to head rotational velocities, was measured in the dark with passive sinusoidal rotation of the fish and showed modest increases that were greatest at the stimulation frequency. Furthermore, the fish generated spontaneous sinusoidal eye movements at approximately the stimulation frequency, and these movements summated with the response to other frequencies of vestibular stimulation in the dark. It is hypothesized that the pathways of OK and VO stimuli converge and that the animal increases gain in a common part when it attempts to stabilize the visual image by increasing its response to the OK signal. Thus increases in gain of both OKR and VOR are produced. PMID- 3487369 TI - Mechanism of phospholipase A2-induced conduction block in bullfrog sciatic nerve. I. Electrophysiology and morphology. AB - The effects of exogenously added phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its hydrolytic products in isolated bullfrog sciatic nerve were investigated. Nerves were pretreated for 3 h with a dose of trypsin which did not affect conduction in order to enhance penetration of the added agents. Treatment of nerves with beta glucosidase, neuraminidase or chymotrypsin had no effect on conduction. Whereas incubation of the nerves with normal Ringers for 2 h had no significant effect on conduction, incubation with PLA2 in Ringers caused decrements in the height of the compound action potential in a dose-related manner. In addition, incubation of the nerves with 10 mg/ml lysolecithin, arachidonic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid caused marked decrements in the height of the compound action potential. Electron microscopic analysis of nerves after each treatment which caused conduction block revealed varying levels of myelin damage. Although myelin was damaged at the paranodal and/or internodal region, depending on the agents used, the axonal membrane appeared to be intact at the ultrastructural level. It was concluded that the block in conduction resulting from PLA2 was due to the formation of lysolecithin and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 3487370 TI - Mechanism of phospholipase A2-induced conduction block in bullfrog sciatic nerve. II. Biochemistry. AB - The biochemical changes associated with conduction block following exogenous application of purified phospholipase A2 to bullfrog sciatic nerves were investigated. Nerves were treated with concentrations of phospholipase A2 needed to produce at least a 50% decrease in the compound action potential after a 2-2 1/2 h incubation. This phospholipase A2-induced conduction block was associated with lipid hydrolysis, depletion of high energy phosphates and decreases in [3H]saxitoxin binding. Forty-two percent of the nerve phosphatidylcholine and 45% of the nerve phosphatidylethanolamine were hydrolyzed. [3H]Saxitoxin binding was decreased by 85% in association with conduction block attained with phospholipase A2 incubation. There were significant decrements in adenosine triphosphate levels (-58%) and in phosphocreatine levels (-78%), but no difference in the specific activities of these phosphate compounds. It is concluded that a number of mechanisms can account for the conduction failure resulting from phospholipase A2, including disruption of sodium channels needed for propagation of regenerative nerve impulses and the depletion of high energy phosphates needed to maintain ionic gradients. PMID- 3487372 TI - Regional differences of brain glucose metabolic compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy in rats: a [14C]2-deoxyglucose study. AB - A unilateral labyrinthectomy was performed on anesthetized adult albino rats. Brain [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake was measured autoradiographically 3.5 h to 20 days later and compared to sham-operated controls. In the vestibular nuclei (nn.) of labyrinthectomized subjects, large left-right differences of 2DG uptake occurred, which decreased over time. The equalization of vestibular nuclear 2DG uptake paralleled behavioral compensation of body, neck and head postural abnormalities, and known equalization of vestibular nuclear cell firing rates during compensation. There was a small difference of 2DG uptake in medial and lateral vestibular nn. 20 days after lesions when animals had a residual head tilt and tonic eye deviation. In the oculomotor nn., trochlear nn. and interstitial n. of Cajal, large left-right differences of 2DG uptake occurred, which did not change over time. The higher 2DG uptake in these nn. occurred ipsilateral to the labyrinthine lesion and did not correlate with the onset and cessation of nystagmus. The persistent asymmetry did appear to correlate with ipsilateral downward and contralateral upward eye deviation which continued for long periods after the lesion. We hypothesize that the non-compensating metabolic asymmetry in the oculomotor and trochlear nn. could be due to lesioned otolithic input to the vestibular nn. which relays to trochlear and oculomotor nn. PMID- 3487371 TI - The cervico-ocular reflex in normal subjects and patients with absent vestibular function. AB - The role of the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) has been studied in 12 patients with absent vestibular function and 13 normal subjects. Ramp and sinusoidal displacement stimuli were applied with trunk on head and head on trunk movements. In all patients, trunk on head movements evoked a marked slow-phase compensatory COR while in normal subjects it was weak and variable in direction. Fast components of the COR induced gaze shifts in the direction of the relative head movement ('anticompensatory' direction) which could be suppressed by imagining an earth fixed targed. No tonic component could be identified instead, in the case of ramp stimuli, a residual eye deviation was noted which was significantly enhanced in the patients and resulted from activity dynamically generated during the course of the trunk movement and not from its final angular displacement. Head on trunk ramp displacements in the dark evoked initial anticompensatory saccades followed by slow compensatory components, a pattern of eye movements remarkably similar to that seen during active head-eye target seeking. Thus, in the absence of labyrinthine function, the COR appears to take on the role of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in head-eye coordination in the initiation of the anticompensatory saccade which takes the eyes in the direction of the target, and the generation of the subsequent slow compensatory eye movements. Central pre programming, as revealed by comparing the effect of different instructions and active versus passive neck-induced eye movements, has a profound influence on COR functioning. PMID- 3487373 TI - In vivo voltammetric characterization of low affinity striatal dopamine uptake: drug inhibition profile and relation to dopaminergic innervation density. AB - Electrical stimulation of the median forebrain bundle evoked dopamine release in the ipsilateral striatum which was monitored with high-speed cyclic voltammetry. After stimulation, the extracellular concentration of dopamine fell due to uptake in a biphasic manner, showing zero-order and first-order components. The zero order phase corresponded to a Vmax of 42.8 +/- 1.8 nmol/min/g tissue. The uptake system could be blocked by D-amphetamine, methylphenidate and nomifensine, but not by benztropine, amfonelic acid or mazindol. The density of uptake sites showed a correlation with the density of striatal dopamine innervation. PMID- 3487375 TI - The morphology of pial blood vessels of the frog, preserved by rapid freezing and freeze substitution. AB - Vesicular profiles in endothelial cells of frog meninges were examined in tissues preserved by rapid freezing or conventional chemical fixation. Tissues were frozen immediately after removal from the animal or after remaining in Ringers for several hours. Vesicular profiles with an average diameter of 240 nm were present in the endothelial cells in all experimental groups, demonstrating that they are not an artifact of chemical fixation or incubation in vitro. However, their concentration and morphology varied with the different preservation techniques. PMID- 3487374 TI - Endoneurial capillary permeability to [14C]sucrose in frog sciatic nerve. AB - Using an in situ perfusion technique, we measured the [14C]sucrose permeability surface area product (PA) in endoneurial capillaries of 48 frog sciatic nerves, as 6.6 +/- 0.6 (S.E.M.) X 10(-5) s-1, and the vascular space as 1.31 +/- 0.10%. Assuming A = 30 cm2/g, P = 2.2 X 10(-6) cm/s. P for sucrose was greater than P in some barrier tissues with tight junctions, but was less than P in all capillaries examined so far except rat cerebral capillaries. These observations demonstrate that endoneurial capillaries are an effective part of the blood-nerve barrier to water-soluble non-electrolytes. The findings are consistent with capillary impermeability to microperoxidase and with capillary ultrastructure. PMID- 3487376 TI - Fate of nigrostriatal neurons in young mature mice given 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: a neurochemical and morphological reassessment. AB - The effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the mouse was re-examined in view of recent conflicting reports regarding the neurotoxic effect of MPTP in this experimental animal. It was found that while MPTP destroyed a substantial number of dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum of young mature (6-8 weeks old) mice, it left the majority of cells in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc) unaffected. It was also found that 5 months after MPTP treatment there was substantial, although incomplete, recovery of striatal DA nerve terminal markers (DA level, metabolites, uptake, [3H]mazindol binding). Given these observations, it is concluded that while the young mature MPTP mouse may not be a valid animal model of Parkinson's disease (since it does not develop severe SNc cell loss characteristic of this disorder), it will be valuable for the study of how MPTP destroys dopaminergic nerve terminals and may prove useful as an experimental system for studying recovery of dopaminergic fibers after injury and for exploring ways to accelerate this recovery. PMID- 3487377 TI - Field potentials from the frog optic tectum in vitro. AB - A new method for maintaining the isolated frog optic tectum superfused in vitro at a low temperature is described. The preparation remains viable for several hours with electrophysiological responses similar to those of the in vivo tectum. This superfusion technique will allow controlled application of putative neurotransmitters and other substances in known concentrations and therefore makes the in vitro frog optic tectum a useful model system for neuropharmacological investigations into central optic pathways. PMID- 3487378 TI - Occurrence of particular isoenzymes in fresh and cultured leukemia-lymphoma cells. II. Hexosaminidase I isoenzyme. AB - The isoenzyme profiles of hexosaminidase (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide thin-layer gel with special emphasis on the intermediate isoenzyme (Hex I). The expression of Hex I was examined in 87 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, in 14 B-lymphoblastoid cell lines, in 441 cases of leukemia-lymphoma (specimens containing 80% or more tumor cells), in 22 leukemia cell lines and in 14 cases of leukemia that had been treated with phorbolesters (TPA) for induction of differentiation, and in the mononuclear cell preparations separated from peripheral blood, lymph node, thymus, bone marrow, tonsil, liver, and spleen specimens from normal donors. Hex I was detected in the leukemia cell lines arrested at early, immature or at late, mature stages of B- and T-cell differentiation, but not in cell lines blocked at intermediate stages of maturation. Most myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines and the erythroleukemia cell lines showed Hex I, whereas the B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were negative for this marker. During induction of differentiation, the expression of Hex I was lost in 13 of 15 leukemia cell lines that were originally Hex I-positive. Among the panel of the "fresh" leukemia-lymphoma cells, Hex I was found predominantly in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloblastic/monoblastic leukemia, but rarely or not at all in the mature T-, B- or myeloid malignancies. However, two out of two cases of multiple myeloma were Hex I-positive, and the Hex I expression could be induced by TPA in three of six B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases. Chronic myelocytic leukemia cells remained Hex I-negative during induction of differentiation. Hex I-positivity was not detected in the cell preparations from normal tissues, and peripheral blood indicating that the normal cellular counterpart of the Hex I-positive tumor cells are present at only low percentages within the respective cell populations. It is suggested that Hex I is a marker of early lymphoid and myeloid hematopoiesis that is no longer expressed in intermediate stages of lymphoid differentiation and in later or terminal stages of myeloid differentiation, but that is again detectable in terminally differentiated B-cells. Further studies will focus on identification and isolation of normal Hex I-positive cells. PMID- 3487379 TI - Peripheral blood natural killer cell activity in human breast cancer patients and its modulation by T-cell growth factor and autologous plasma. AB - The role of clinical status and chemotherapeutic intervention on native and inducible natural killer cell (NK) activity in breast cancer was ascertained by determining the K562 cytotoxicity capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The level of NK activity in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (n = 62) was significantly lower than that observed in patients currently receiving no treatment (n = 56) (at effector: target [E:T] ratios of 20:1, 10:1, and 5:1, 23.8%, 17.9%, and 12.1% versus 34.9%, 25.6%, and 15.9%, respectively; P less than 0.01, two-way analysis of variance). The absolute level of NK activity in peripheral blood of cancer patients on therapy was further reduced when compared with untreated patients and healthy controls when reductions in lymphocyte counts concomitant with chemotherapeutic intervention were included in calculations of NK activity. T-cell growth factor (TCGF) increased NK activity in all breast cancer patients and healthy controls with maximal stimulation of basal activity at a concentration of 10% (volume/volume [v/v]) TCGF. The percent stimulation of basal NK activity by TCGF was significantly greater in patients receiving chemotherapy (26.4%, 24.3%, and 19.0% at an E:T of 20:1, 10:1, and 5:1, respectively; n = 23) than in untreated patients (16.6%, 18.5%, and 18.9%; n = 21) and healthy controls (23.5, 18.6, and 8.1; n = 8) (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively, two-way ANOVA). The influence of soluble factors and agents in serum on peripheral blood NK activity was assessed by monitoring the effects of autologous plasma on basal and TCGF-stimulated NK activity. Autologous plasma at concentrations less than or equal to 10% (v/v) enhanced basal NK activity. Levels of inducible NK activity in the presence of either 10% TCGF, 5% plasma, or a combination of both were not significantly different in statistical comparisons of both the effects of inducer and therapeutic modality. At concentrations of plasma greater than 10% (v/v), progressively decreasing NK activities were observed. T-cell growth factor could partially reverse the inhibitions of NK activity by 25% autologous plasma. In 13 experiments, basal NK activity and NK activity in the presence of 10% TCGF, 25% autologous plasma, and a combination of TCGF and plasma were 27.6%, 46.0%, 16.3%, and 28.1%, respectively (E:T = 20:1). This study indicates that NK function is compromised in breast cancer patients receiving cytotoxic drug-therapy. The potential use of TCGF in adjuvant immunotherapy as a modulator of NK function has been demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3487380 TI - Specific tumoricidal activity of cytotoxic macrophages and cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - The antitumor potency and specificity of syngeneic immune peritoneal exudate cells were tested. Groups of DBA/2 mice were immunized against syngeneic SL2 tumor cells. Then 6 days after the last immunization the antitumor potency, and the specificity of the immunization reaction was tested by injecting groups of the immunized mice with 10(3) to 5 X 10(7) DBA/2 derived L1210, L5178Y, P815 or SL2 tumor cells, and injecting immune peritoneal exudate cells into DBA/2 mice which had been injected 2 h earlier i.p. with 2 X 10(4) or 2 X 10(5) L1210, L5178Y, P815, or SL2 cells. Furthermore the tumor specific cytotoxicity in vitro of isolated immune (vs SL2) peritoneal macrophages was tested against L1210, L5178Y, P815, and SL2 cells. The "reciprocal" experiments (previous immunization against L1210, L5178Y, or P815 cells and 'challenge' with SL2) were also done. Finally, we tested the tumor-specific cytotoxicity of isolated immune peritoneal T-lymphocytes. It was shown that the rejection of tumor cells in previously immunized mice, the antitumor efficacy of the transferred immune peritoneal exudate cells and the in vitro cytotoxicity of purified immune peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes, were tumor-specific reactions. That is only between the SL2 and L5178Y tumors were cross-reactions observed. However, this cross reaction was not found at the level of cytotoxic T-cells. This suggests that cytotoxic T-cells and cytotoxic macrophages probably have different mechanisms of recognition of the specific tumor target cells. Treatment of macrophage monolayers, prepared from macrophages of immunized mice, with monoclonal anti-Thy 1 antibodies plus complement caused no decrease in cytotoxicity. This shows that macrophages can really express specific cytotoxicity. Tumoricidal macrophages probably obtain their tumor specificity through the activities of tumor-specific factors produced by sensitized T-cells. PMID- 3487381 TI - [Longitudinal study of work capacity limitation in patients with ischemic heart disease before and after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3487382 TI - Structure and distribution of gap junctions in lens epithelium and fiber cells. AB - We report a comparative study of gap junctions in lens epithelia of frog, rabbit, rat and human, using a "double mounting" method for freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The gap junctions on the narrow sides of hexagonal cortical fiber cells of various species were also studied with the same technique. Gap junctions were commonly present between epithelial cells of the entire undifferentiated epithelium, between fiber cells on both wide and narrow sides, and between epithelial cells and fiber cells. Structural diversity of gap junctions, based on connexon arrangements, was evident in lens epithelia among the four species studied. Gap junctions with random arrays of connexons were found predominantly in frog lens epithelium, while the crystalline and striated configurations were mainly observed in the epithelia of human and rat, and of rabbit, respectively. On the other hand, there was no structural variation of gap junctions observed on either wide or narrow sides of lens fiber cells from any species studied. Only the random-type gap junction was found. However, the distribution of gap junctions was unique on the narrow sides. There was a single row of junctional plaques along the middle of the narrow sides, whereas the wide sides showed an uneven distribution pattern. The gap junctions between epithelial cells and fiber cells had a random packing of connexons. PMID- 3487383 TI - A scanning electron-microscopic study of the rat thymus with special reference to cell types and migration of lymphocytes into the general circulation. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the rat thymus was studied by combined scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. The thymus consists mainly of four types of cells: epithelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and interdigitating cells (IDCs). The epithelial cells form a meshwork in the thymus parenchyma. Cortical epithelial cells are stellate in shape, while the medullary cells comprise two types: stellate and large vacuolated elements. A continuous single layer of epithelial cells separates the parenchyma from connective tissue formations of the capsule, septa and vessels. Surrounding the blood vessels, this epithelial sheath is continuous in the cortex, while it is partly interrupted in the medulla, suggesting that the blood-thymus barrier might function more completely in the cortex. Cortical lymphocytes are round and vary in size, whereas medullary lymphocytes are mainly small, although they vary considerably in surface morphology. Two types of large wandering cells, macrophages and IDCs, could be distinguished, as well as intermediate forms. IDCs sometimes embraced or contacted lymphocytes, suggesting their role in the differentiation of the latter cells. Perivascular channels were present around venules and some arterioles in the cortico-medullary region and in the medulla. A few lymphatic vessels were present in extended perivascular spaces. The present study suggests the possible existence of two routes of passage of lymphocytes into the general circulation. One is via the lymphatics, while the other is through the postcapillary venules into the blood circulation. Our SEM images give evidence that lymphocytes use an intracellular route, i.e., the endothelium of venules. PMID- 3487384 TI - Differences in marker expression among branched histiocytic cells in T-cell areas of the lymphoreticular system and among their epidermis- and mucosa-associated equivalents. AB - Branched histiocytic cells of the epidermis, the oral and anal mucosa, the tonsillar crypt epithelium, the thymus and of the T-cell-dependent areas of lymph node, spleen, and tonsil were examined with immunohistochemical single- and double-staining techniques. The markers used were a monoclonal anti-T6-antibody, a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR-antibody, heteroantiserum to S-100 protein and peanut agglutinin. Anti-HLA-DR and peanut agglutinin reacted with a considerable number of branched histiocytic cells, whereas anti-T6 and anti-S-100 protein only stained relatively small subpopulations. Concerning the population of branched histiocytic cells, double-staining revealed that the tissue distributions of all the markers used overlapped each other to various degrees; this was demonstrated by the different numbers of double-stained cells obtained in the experiments using all six possible combinations of primary reagents. The number of branched histiocytic cells co-expressing the markers varied depending upon marker combinations, types of tissue and microenvironment. We suggest that much of the immunologic phenotype of branched histiocytic cells is dynamic rather than static. PMID- 3487385 TI - Ontogenetic development of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neural elements in the brain of the chicken during incubation and after hatching. AB - In chicken embryos of different ages and in young chickens after hatching, neural elements reacting with antibodies generated against synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) were studied by means of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique at the light-microscopic level. CRF-immunoreactivity was first observed in perikarya located in the periventricular part of the hypothalamus on the 14th day of the incubation period. CRF-containing neural elements were detected on the same day of incubation in the external zone of the median eminence, but not in all investigated animals. In extrahypothalamic sites, immunoreactive perikarya were demonstrable in the central gray of the mesencephalon on the 15th day of incubation. Furthermore, immunoreactive cells appeared in other brain regions such as nucleus accumbens and dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus after hatching. The present observations provide information regarding the functional development of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis in the chick embryo. PMID- 3487386 TI - Structure of integrin, a glycoprotein involved in the transmembrane linkage between fibronectin and actin. AB - We describe the isolation, characterization, and sequence of cDNA clones encoding one subunit of the complex of membrane glycoproteins that forms part of the transmembrane connection between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. The cDNA sequence encodes a polypeptide of 89 kd that has features strongly suggesting the presence of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment, and a small C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain contains a threefold repeat of a novel 40 residue cysteine rich segment, and the cytoplasmic domain contains a tyrosine residue that is a potential site for phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases. We propose the name integrin for this protein complex to denote its role as an integral membrane complex involved in the transmembrane association between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. PMID- 3487387 TI - Human hematopoietic survival and growth factor. AB - A variety of biologic activities on human hematopoietic stem cells were detected in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium (TPA-LCM). Partial purification of TPA-LCM demonstrated the presence of human active granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; Mr 50-70Kd), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF; Mr greater than 100Kd) and possibly a third protein (Mr 24 26Kd) supporting survival and growth of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. Activities investigated included GM-colony and erythroid burst-potentiation, burst-promoting activity (BPA) and delta granulocyte and delta burst-promoting activities (delta GPA and delta BPA). PMID- 3487388 TI - [The present state of knowledge about the physiology of the oculovestibular system and its disorders]. PMID- 3487389 TI - In vitro activity of flurithromycin, a novel macrolide antibiotic. AB - Flurithromycin is an (8,S)-8-fluoroerythromycin isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces erythraeus ATCC 31772, a blocked mutant of a strain producer of erythromycin. Its in vitro antibacterial activity has been determined on recent clinical isolates of respiratory pathogens. The range of MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus beta-haemolyticus group A is from 0.0015 to 0.006 microgram/ml, for Haemophilus influenzae from 0.012 to 0.4 microgram/ml, for Staphylococcus aureus from 0.1 to 3.1 micrograms/ml. Its action is bacteriostatic and increases at alkaline pH. Among anaerobes Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, other species of Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus are particularly susceptible. Flurithromycin also showed some activity on Mycobacterium bovis, M. scrofulaceum and M. phley. The determination of killing curves indicated that in most cases a killing effect was obtained at 4 X MIC. A combination of flurithromycin with ampicillin or doxycycline sometimes was synergic, but more often additive and never antagonistic. The possible interference of flurithromycin on some parameters of the natural system of defense was determined. At concentrations equal to therapeutic levels in blood and tissues, flurithromycin did not influence chemotaxis, phagocytosis, metabolic activation and the killing activity of neutrophils. PMID- 3487390 TI - Miocamycin and theophylline blood levels. AB - Two groups of patients were studied in order to evaluate the possible interference of miocamycin with theophylline blood levels. One group was treated with i.v. theophylline and another one was treated with slow-release theophylline. Both groups did not show any changes in theophylline blood levels. Therefore we can draw the conclusion that miocamycin, a new macrolide, is active on gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria besides mycoplasma, legionella and chlamydia and it can be used in association with theophyllinic compounds without interaction on theophylline blood concentrations. PMID- 3487391 TI - Isolation of epidermal growth factor with monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3487392 TI - Stabilization of AD-1590, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, in suppository bases by beta-cyclodextrin complexation. PMID- 3487393 TI - Asthmatic responses to inhalation of anti-human IgE. PMID- 3487394 TI - Comparison of methods of correction for interference in the PABA test for exocrine pancreatic function. PMID- 3487395 TI - Oligomerization of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) at physiologic pH and ionic strength. AB - Highly purified pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) migrated in gel electrophoresis as a homogeneous species and behaved as a single species in 6 mol/l guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), both in the ultracentrifuge and HPLC. At physiologic pH and ionic strength, in the absence of GdmCl, SP1 existed in the form of oligomers of apparent molecular weights of 40 000 to greater than 300 000. The specific activity of these oligomers varied over a 5-fold range. Electrophoretic mobility also varied among SP1 oligomers, with increasing (alpha like) mobility shown by oligomers of increasing molecular size. Oligomerization may explain some or all of the reports of SP1 heterogeneity. PMID- 3487396 TI - Isolation and characterisation of lactoferrin separated from human whey by adsorption chromatography using Cibacron Blue F3G-A linked affinity adsorbent. AB - A new one-step procedure for isolating lactoferrin from human whey using Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography is described. Characteristics of the isolated lactoferrin include pI 5.5-6.1 and differential migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of apo and iron saturated lactoferrin. The concentration of lactoferrin in breast milk varies with time after parturition but the iron saturation remains relatively constant with time. PMID- 3487397 TI - In situ immunophenotyping of antigen presenting cells and T cell subsets in atopic dermatitis. PMID- 3487398 TI - Histiocytosis X presenting as intertrigo and responding to topical nitrogen mustard. PMID- 3487399 TI - A case of atrophic lichen planus in association with addisonian pernicious anaemia. PMID- 3487400 TI - Effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factor on the smooth muscle of the rat tail artery. AB - Simultaneous measurements of smooth muscle membrane potential and tension were made from isolated pieces of rat tail artery. A single electrical stimulus to the perivascular nerves produced a transient contraction of the smooth muscle. The amplitude of the contraction was increased after removal of the endothelium. The excitatory junction potentials and action potentials in the smooth muscle had the same amplitudes before and after removal of the endothelium. Tension obtained by direct stimulation of the arterial muscle in guanethidine-treated arteries was also increased by removal of the endothelium. When the artery was constricted by noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine, electrical stimulation caused a relaxation that was reduced by removing the endothelium. It was concluded that the electrical stimulus released the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) which reduced the amount of contractile force that could be produced by an action potential in the smooth muscle. PMID- 3487401 TI - Primary immunodeficiency diseases. Report of a World Health Organization scientific group. PMID- 3487403 TI - T lymphocyte subsets implicated in cytotoxicity in autologous hepatocytes in chronic active hepatitis patients with active viral replication. AB - We investigated inhibitory effect of various monoclonal antibodies on T-cell mediated cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in 24 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen/hepatitis B e antigen (HBsAg/HBeAg)-positive chronic active hepatitis. A significant reduction of cytotoxicity index occurred after preincubation of T lymphocytes with anti-Leu 7 (killer-natural killer cells), D1/12 (Ia-positive cells), 5/9 (restricted helper/inducer cells), and MLR4 ("activated" and radiosensitive helper cells) monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Anti Leu 2a (cytotoxic/suppressor cells) and anti-Leu 3a (helper/inducer cells) MAb did not affect cytotoxic activity. This finding supports the hypothesis that the T cytotoxic reaction in this in vitro system is probably due to two mechanisms: first, spontaneous cell membrane cytotoxicity sustained by anti-Leu-7-positive lymphocytes; and second, specific cytotoxicity mediated by activated Ia-positive cells. We also found that the presence of helper/inducer cells (5/9 positive) appears to be a prerequisite for the cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 3487402 TI - Polynucleotide specificities of murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies. AB - Three IgM monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies were produced by hybridoma techniques from an MRL-lpr/lpr mouse using denatured DNA (dDNA) as the selection antigen. All three antibodies also bound poly(dT), poly(rA), and the single-stranded random copolymer poly(dI,dT), and each antibody displayed a unique preference for a limited array of other ribo- and deoxyribopolynucleotides based on direct binding as well as inhibition studies. Inability to identify a common primary structure in the polynucleotides reactive with each antibody suggested that higher ordered structures may be important. This notion was supported by the finding that oligomers of thymidine of 25-30 nucleotides or less were ineffective in blocking antibody binding to dDNA or poly(dT). However, deliberate destabilization of putative secondary structures by decreasing counterion concentration and increasing temperature had little effect on antibody binding to poly(dT). Since the antigenic polynucleotides in general contain little known secondary structure and considerable flexibility, antibody binding may be accompanied by local conformational changes in the polynucleotide that result in a better fit to the antibody combining site. PMID- 3487404 TI - Giant lymph node hyperplasia: a disease of primary follicle/mantle zone lymphocytes? AB - Histological, immunohistochemical, and immunological features of a lymph node from a patient with Castleman's disease (CD), hyaline vascular type, were investigated. The results substantiate a peculiar immunological identity of this disease. CD lymph nodes consisted mainly of polyclonal primary follicle/mantle zone lymphocytes. Germinal center cells and plasma cells were absent, while T lymphocyte subsets were not modified. PMID- 3487405 TI - Interleukin-2 production during intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin therapy for bladder cancer. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was detected in urine but not serum of patients receiving intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer. IL-2 activity was neutralized by anti-IL-2 antibody. No IL-2 was detected in urine before BCG therapy or from control donors. BCG-induced urine IL-2 peaked 4-8 hr after treatment but was rarely observed after 24 hr. The presence of BCG-induced lymphokines may be associated with antitumor activity. PMID- 3487407 TI - Argon laser recanalization of three totally occluded human right coronary arteries. AB - We report the successful recanalization, in vivo, of three totally occluded human right coronary arteries with an argon laser catheter during coronary artery bypass surgery. The laser catheter and technique of laser recanalization are described. At 15 days postoperatively, two of the laser-treated arteries were reoccluded angiographically. The third patient refused postoperative angiography. PMID- 3487406 TI - Significance of collateral circulation on peri-infarct zone: assessment with stress thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - To evaluate the significance of collateral circulation on peri-infarct zone, stress myocardial scintigraphy and contrast left ventriculography (LVG) were performed in 38 patients with recent myocardial infarction (MI). All patients had at least one completely occluded coronary artery corresponding to the infarct area. In patients with good collaterals, stress induced transient enlargement of the perfusion defect, however, in those with poor or no collaterals the enlargement did not occur (p less than 0.05). Wall motion abnormality on LVG was significantly milder in the former patients than in the latter (p less than 0.001). Transient enlargement of the perfusion defect after stress and milder left ventricular asynergy were more frequently observed in patients with anterior MI and good collaterals. These observations indicate that good collaterals may keep some myocardium in the peri-infarct zone viable. PMID- 3487409 TI - The value of angiography in gastrointestinal and urological bleeding. AB - The results of 68 abdominal angiographies were evaluated retrospectively with regard to localization of severe gastrointestinal and urological bleeding. Endoscopy prior to angiography was either impossible or showed poor results. Results of survey angiography were not encouraging. Selective angiography was very confident in localizing a bleeding. The possibilities of embolization or vasopressin treatment through the angiographic catheter are mentioned. PMID- 3487410 TI - The assessment of a SPECT system with reference to aerosol lung imaging. PMID- 3487408 TI - Management of postpartum and pelvic hemorrhage. PMID- 3487411 TI - Serine protease inhibitors of North American leeches. AB - Serine protease inhibitors in extracts from three North American leeches, Nephelopsis obscura, Erpobdella punctata and Hemopis marmorata have been separated by anion exchange chromatography and the activity pattern against human granulocyte elastase and porcine chymotrypsin and trypsin determined. All three leech species contained a major peak with anti-trypsin activity, but Hemopis was unique in that the trypsin inhibitor was equally active against chymotrypsin. Nephelopsis was rich in anti-elastase activity of two types, one which was also active against chymotrypsin, and one which was a specific elastase inhibitor. Erpobdella contained inhibitors against elastase and chymotrypsin but with major activity against the latter. PMID- 3487412 TI - Sanguinaria in the control of bleeding in periodontal patients. PMID- 3487413 TI - Prevalence of contact allergy by sex, race and age. AB - Among 1873 patch tested patients, the prevalence of contact allergy was 47.1% (421/894) in females and 51.2% (501/979) in males (N.S.). It was 46.5% (593/1274) in Chinese, 52.8% (151/286) in Malays, and 48.3% (48.3%) in Indians, there was no significant difference among these 3 races in Singapore. Prevalence among foreigners in Singapore was high (82.3% (65/79)) compared to the 3 major races. This may be due to a higher % of foreigners engaged as construction workers who are considered to run a greater risk of contact allergy. The prevalence was significantly higher in those above 40, (60.9% (290/476)) compared to those under 40 (45.2% (632/1397)). PMID- 3487414 TI - Endotracheal lavage for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in intubated patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3487415 TI - A cross sectional study of somatic complaints of Nigerian females using the Enugu Somatization Scale. AB - Among Nigerian mentally ill a constant male-female ratio of 2:1, over representation of single males and married females and the tendency for the females who seek psychiatric aid to be psychotic with schizoaffective disturbances have been observed. The question arose as to why this is so. To answer this, the Enugu Somatization Scale, developed in an effort to avoid the difficulty encountered in using Western diagnostic illness categories and scales for assessing mental illness in Nigeria was administered to 51 mentally ill females, 60 adolescent secondary school girls, 67 post secondary school females, 149 pregnant females, and 60 women who were once able to bear children but now no longer can. It was found that somatization is used by Nigerian females to contain their stress. The pregnant females scored lowest while those women who can no longer deliver scored highest. Pregnancy is seen as a state of rest from societal stress for the females, who otherwise are not allowed by the society to be so mentally ill as to seek a psychiatrist and who have to be psychotic to be able to do so. Various tentative, dynamic explanations of the items in the scale answered in the affirmative by a wide cross section of the women, based on the clinical experience of the author, are offered. PMID- 3487416 TI - The prevalence of hypertension among elderly Navajos: a test of the acculturative stress hypothesis. AB - This is a study of the prevalence of hypertension among a sample of Navajo Indians 65 years of age and above. It is not clear whether prevalence has increased over the past generation in this age group. When men and women are compared, conventional measures of "acculturation" are related to hypertension among women but not among men. The differences between men and women seem most probably related to differences in the situation of men and women within both Navajo and Anglo-American society. Several alternative explanations are discussed as well. PMID- 3487418 TI - Specificity and function of clonally developing T cells. Ulm, West Germany, March 17-20, 1985. PMID- 3487417 TI - The cardiovascular manifestations of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). AB - In conclusion, systemic sclerosis is both a fascinating and frustrating affliction. It is a systemic disease of multiple stages. Prognosis is dependent on the site and extent of visceral involvement. There is evidence to implicate the vascular system as the primary target organ of the disease. The cardiovascular manifestations include myocardial fibrosis, pericarditis, and a variety of arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. Intractable heart failure or sudden cardiac death can ensue. Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis portends an ominous prognosis, and is probably most directly related to the extent of myocardial fibrosis which is present. The pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis has not been determined, but it appears to be a result of an impairment of myocardial perfusion at both the small artery and microvasculature level. Obstructive, vasospastic, and devascularization factors all may be playing a role. PMID- 3487419 TI - Significance of T4 or T8 phenotype of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones. PMID- 3487420 TI - Natural and unnatural killing by cytolytic T lymphocytes. PMID- 3487421 TI - Heterogeneity of the signal requirements during the primary activation of resting Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors into clonally developing CTL. PMID- 3487422 TI - The target structure for T11: a cell interaction molecule involved in T-cell activation? PMID- 3487423 TI - Activation requirements for resting T lymphocytes. PMID- 3487424 TI - Functional clonal deletion and suppression as complementary mechanisms in T lymphocyte tolerance. PMID- 3487425 TI - Human T cell clones, tolerance, and the analysis of autoimmunity. PMID- 3487427 TI - T-cell reactivity to polymorphic MHC determinants. III. Alloreactive and allorestricted T cells. PMID- 3487426 TI - T-cell reactivity to polymorphic MHC determinants. I. MHC-guided T-cell reactivity. PMID- 3487429 TI - Syngeneic cytotoxicity and veto activity in thymic lymphoid colonies and their expanded progeny. PMID- 3487428 TI - Appearance of new specificities in lectin-induced T-cell clones obtained from limiting dilution T-cell cultures. PMID- 3487430 TI - Thymic stem cells: their interaction with the thymic stroma and tolerance induction. PMID- 3487431 TI - Organization, rearrangement, and diversification of mouse T-cell receptor genes. PMID- 3487432 TI - Development of T lymphocytes within the thymus and within thymic nurse cells. PMID- 3487433 TI - Somatic variation of antigen-recognition specificity in H-2b-TNP-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones. PMID- 3487434 TI - The change of specificity, karyotype, and antigen-receptor gene expression is correlated in cytotoxic T-cell lines. PMID- 3487436 TI - Generation, propagation, and variation in cloned, antigen-specific, Ia-restricted cytolytic T-cell lines. PMID- 3487435 TI - A study of the functional potential of mouse T-cell clones. PMID- 3487437 TI - [A study on the diagnosis criterion in postpartum hemorrhage]. PMID- 3487439 TI - A study of drug abuse in rural areas of Punjab (India). AB - In 1976 an epidemiological survey of drug abuse was conducted in 24 rural villages of four Community Development Blocks (CDB) in three districts of Punjab State bordering Pakistan covering 1276 households. The majority of households had one user. Both men and women reported the use of traditional drugs, i.e. alcohol, tobacco, opium and cannabis. In males, the commonest drug used was alcohol (58.3%), followed by tobacco (19.3%), opium (6.3%) and cannabis (1.2%). The majority of the female respondents were non-users, but a very small number reported use of tobacco, alcohol and opium. The observations are compared with other studies and implications discussed. PMID- 3487438 TI - Demonstration of rectal varices by transhepatic inferior mesenteric venography. AB - A case of rectal varices confirmed by percutaneous transhepatic inferior mesenteric venography is reported. By using the transhepatic approach, the mesenteric venous tributaries can be catheterized selectively with direct injection of the high-density dye, and the location and extent of varices are clearly demonstrated. Transhepatic inferior mesenteric venography can be used as an alternative method of angiographic investigation for rectal varices. PMID- 3487440 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of encephalitis]. PMID- 3487441 TI - [Comparative in vitro studies of cell-mediated immunity in chronic liver diseases]. AB - Reactions of cell-mediated immunity are investigated in 32 healthy controls and 134 patients with chronic liver diseases (E-rosette-forming cells, lymphocyte transformation test, leucocyte migration inhibition test using the T-cell mitogens Phytohaemagglutinin and Concanavalin A). The number of E-rosette-forming cells is significantly decreased in chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The 3H-thymidine uptake in the lymphocyte transformation test by use of PHA and Con A is markedly reduced especially in active and progressed liver diseases. PHA caused a significant higher inhibition of leucocyte migration in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis than in healthy controls. A dependency between the results of the two tests is not detectable (Chi 2-test). We found in individual cases of groups with liver diseases serum inhibition factors by MIT, but not correlations with other immunological or clinical chemical parameters. The pathogenetical value of the used methods in cases with chronic liver diseases is questionable. PMID- 3487442 TI - Emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy and endoscopy for the emergency department. AB - Endoscopic procedures usually are not performed in the Emergency Department. However, on some occasions, it is essential that trained emergency physicians be able to perform endoscopic examinations. All physicians working in the Emergency Department should have an understanding of the role of endoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, since in some cases, for example, those of massive upper and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, foreign body extraction, or functional and obstructive disorders of the colon, endoscopic procedures may be required on an emergency basis. PMID- 3487443 TI - Epidermal growth factor: effect on circulating thyroid hormone levels in sheep. AB - Observations on the effect of thyroid hormones on mouse submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor (EGF) and on the complementary effect of EGF on cultured thyroid cells led us to examine the interaction between EGF and thyroid hormones in the whole animal, during and after 24 h of infusion of 3.3 micrograms/kg X h mouse EGF into 6 merino ewes. There was a profound depression of both circulating T4 and T3 levels, to less than 20% of saline-infused control values, extending beyond the end of infusion. Plasma TSH concentrations were unchanged during the first 8 h of the infusion, excluding the likelihood of a suppressive effect of EGF on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Serum rT3 and 3,3'-diiodothyronine, however, experienced a more transitory 6-fold increase. These findings are consistent with a dual inhibitory effect of EGF on both thyroid hormone secretion and peripheral metabolism. PMID- 3487444 TI - Human synthetic calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits bone resorption in vitro. AB - The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a peptide which normally circulates. It is encoded by the calcitonin gene, whose precise function is unknown. Since it has recently been shown that human CGRP (hCGRP) lowers plasma calcium levels in both the rat and the rabbit, we examined the in vitro effects of human synthetic CGRP on bone resorption (as measured by 45Ca release) stimulated by PTH, prostaglandin E2, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. CGRP caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PTH-stimulated resorption, with 50% inhibition at approximately 5 X 10(-8) M CGRP. The inhibitory effects of CGRP on PTH-mediated bone resorption were not due to toxic effects, since bones preincubated with CGRP for 48 h were subsequently able to respond to PTH. The inhibitory activity of CGRP in the rat was approximately 3 orders of magnitude less potent than that of human calcitonin. In contrast to the effects of calcitonin, a marked inhibition of PTH-stimulated bone resorption was still observed after 96 h in the continued presence of CGRP. CGRP (10(-6)-10(-8) M) also inhibited resorption stimulated by prostaglandin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a dose-dependent manner, but had no significant effect on basal bone resorption. In conclusion, these data show that hCGRP inhibits hormone-stimulated bone resorption in vitro. Although it is less potent than calcitonin in the rat, CGRP has been shown to have potency comparable to that of calcitonin in other species, and therefore, a role for CGRP as a therapeutic agent in states of increased bone resorption cannot be ruled out. PMID- 3487445 TI - Clinical significance of serum bone Gla protein and urinary gamma-Gla as biochemical markers in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The serum bone Gla-protein (BGP) and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gamma Gla) levels were determined in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). The mean serum BGP and urinary gamma-Gla levels were 18.6 +/- 2.34 ng/ml and 65.5 +/- 4.62 nmoles/mgCr, respectively, for the 11 patients with the skeletal type of PHP, 5.13 +/- 0.85 ng/ml and 45.2 +/- 1.33 nmoles/mgCr for the 4 with the chemical type, and 7.91 +/- 2.43 ng/ml and 43.2 +/- 3.47 nmoles/mgCr for the 5 with the renal type. Thus, patients with skeletal-type PHP had significantly higher serum BGP and urinary gamma-Gla levels than those with the other type of PHP. Serum BGP levels had significant positive correlations with serum Ca (r = 0.64, P less than 0.005), serum A1-p (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001) and serum PTH (r = 0.45, P less than 0.005). Urinary gamma-Gla levels also had significant positive correlations with serum Ca (r = 0.50, P less than 0.05), serum A1-p (r = 0.67, P less than 0.005), serum 1,25(OH)2D (r = 0.62, P less than 0.02), and serum BGP (r = 0.72, P less than 0.001). Mineral content in the left radius had significant negative correlations with serum BGP levels (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001) and urinary gamma-Gla levels (r = -0.59, P less than 0.01). As these data show, serum BGP and urinary gamma-Gla levels clearly reflect the abnormal bone metabolism and can therefore be useful biochemical markers in PHP. PMID- 3487446 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as an unusual presentation of a duodenal carcinoid. AB - Carcinoid tumors may develop in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. They constitute 1.5% of all gastrointestinal tumors (1). The duodenum is one of the least common sites of this tumor, with a reported incidence varying between 0.2% and 8.9% (2, 3). We report on a case of a bleeding duodenal carcinoid in a patient who underwent bilateral nephrectomy for malignant hypertension. PMID- 3487447 TI - How safe is small bowel biopsy? AB - This retrospective, controlled study covers data from the medical records of 298 hospitalized patients, who, during the period 1972-1982, had 1,007 hydraulic small bowel biopsies removed on 342 occasions. The main complication was hemorrhage (drop in hemoglobin concentration greater than or equal to 2 g/100 ml) in 1.5% of the investigations. In one case (0.3%) transfusions were required. One other patient (0.3%) needed laparotomy following perforation. No deaths due to jejunal biopsy were observed in our series. Four patients (1.2%) developed transient temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C in response to the biopsy. The final diagnosis 'small bowel bacterial overgrowth' in three of these patients suggests that bacteremia was the cause of postbiopsy fever, and that bacterial overgrowth predisposes to this complication of jejunal biopsy. Neither the number of biopsies (n = 1-20), nor the performance of repeat investigations in the same patient, nor the year of investigation, nor nutritional status showed any correlation to the development of complications. PMID- 3487448 TI - The alteration of hamster serum elastase inhibitory capacities by chloramine T, in vitro and in vivo. AB - The major elastase inhibitor of human serum, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), is susceptible to oxidative inactivation by a variety of agents, including chloramine T. We have examined the effects of chloramine T on the catalytic activity of porcine pancreatic (PPE) and human leukocyte elastase (HLE) and on the elastase inhibitory capacity of hamster, rat, and human serum as well as pure human A1PI. Both PPE and HLE, but not trypsin, were inhibited in a concentration dependent manner by concentrations of chloramine T greater than 0.1 mM. The abilities of rat and human serum and pure human A1PI to inhibit both PPE and HLE were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by chloramine T. In contrast only the ability of hamster serum to inhibit HLE was altered by exposure to chloramine T: inhibition of PPE was not effected. Gel exclusion chromatography disclosed the existence of two major peaks of elastase inhibitory activity in hamster plasma: one, with an approximate molecular weight of 55 K, eluting in the region of A1PI that was sensitive to chloramine T inactivation and one with a molecular weight of approximately 180 K which was chloramine T insensitive. The parenteral administration of chloramine T to hamsters resulted in a modest and transient diminution of the serum HLE inhibitory activity and an equally modest and transient elevation of PPE inhibitory activity. PMID- 3487450 TI - Neoplasms in Gondar. PMID- 3487449 TI - Purification and characterization of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). AB - A colony-stimulating factor (CSF) has been purified to homogeneity from the serum free medium conditioned by one of the human CSF-producing tumor cell lines, CHU 2. The molecule was a hydrophobic glycoprotein (mol. wt 19,000, pI = 6.1 as asialo form) with possible O-linked glycosides. Amino acid sequence determination of the molecule gave a single NH2-terminal sequence which had no homology to the corresponding sequence of the other CSFs previously reported. The biological activity was apparently specific for a neutrophilic granulocyte-lineage of both human and mouse bone marrow cells with a specific activity of 2.7 X 10(8) colonies/10(5) non-adherent human bone marrow cells/mg protein. The purified CSF can be regarded as a G-CSF of human origin and will become a useful material for investigation of regulatory mechanisms of human granulopoiesis. PMID- 3487451 TI - Episiotomy wound infection due to Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 3487452 TI - Interventional angiography in the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Interventional angiography with the use of indwelling arterial catheters, anticoagulants, vasodilators and fibrinolytic agents, complements conventional angiography in the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. These interventional techniques prolong, augment or reactive bleeding and, by enabling better timing of examinations, they increase the diagnostic efficacy of angiography. In the reported series of 63 patients with acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, interventions increased the diagnostic yield of angiography for demonstration of extravasation from 32% to 65% and decreased the percentage of negative angiograms from 27% to 16%. Indications, techniques and risks of interventional angiography in the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding are discussed. PMID- 3487453 TI - Lymphatics, lymph and lymphoid cells: an integrated immune system. AB - Lymphatics, lymph and lymphoid cells are still considered to be different entities and not parts of one integrated system. Surgeons working on the problems of lymphedema study lymph flow kinetics but neglect lymph humoral and cellular constituents. Immunologists study the problems of lymph cells but neglect lymph transport and chemical composition. This article describes the author's own views on the function of the lymphatics, lymph proteins and cells as one integrated immunoregulatory system. Data from own studies on the peripheral lymphatic system performed mostly in man are quoted. PMID- 3487454 TI - A model system for the study of the assembly and regulation of human complement C3 convertase (classical pathway). AB - The formation of classical C3 convertase of complement and its regulation by C4b binding protein (C4bp) were studied using two different approaches: (a) the analysis was first carried out in fluid phase; a soluble stabilized C3 proconvertase could be assembled from C4b (or C4b-like C4) and iodine-treated C2 in the presence of Ni2+ ions. Upon activation of this complex by C1s, a C3 convertase C4b(C4b-like C4)-C2a was generated which was able to cleave purified C3. C4bp dissociated both C3 proconvertase and C3 convertase, but its effect was more important on C3 convertase. (b) A model system of phospholipid vesicles has been developed to study the assembly of the C3 convertase on a membrane. Among different phospholipid mixtures tested, P-glycerol/P-choline vesicles were found most effective for C4b binding. Optimal conditions were determined for C4b fixation on these vesicles; bound C4b participated in the formation of a functional membrane-associated C3 convertase. C4bp was found to bind to phospholipid vesicles with a higher affinity than C4b; it was able to dissociate the vesicle-associated C3 convertase. PMID- 3487455 TI - Virgin B cell recruitment and the lifespan of memory clones during antibody responses to 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hemocyanin. AB - The extent to which B cells newly formed in the bone marrow contribute to primary and secondary B cell responses was investigated. This was assessed by constructing chimeras between congenic strains of rats differing in their kappa light chain allotype. Recipient animals received 800 cGy whole body irradiation with hind limb shielding to protect a proportion of their hemopoietic capacity. These rats then received 3 X 10(8) kappa allotype-marked thoracic duct lymphocytes from donors previously immunized twice with either dinitrophenylated spider crab (Maia squinada) hemocyanin (DNP-MSH) or MSH alone. The chimeras were immunized with DNP-MSH and the production of anti-DNP antibody of both donor and host origin was measured. In the period immediately after immunization both newly formed host virgin B cells and donor memory B cells gave rise to substantial proportions of the anti-DNP antibody. After this initial period, antibody production became sustained by activation of memory B cells only. The chimeras were reimmunized with DNP-MSH at 32 days after their first immunization. There was again evidence of a brief period of both virgin and memory B cell activation followed by memory B cell activation only. Donor B cell clones remained dominant in the established response throughout the 5 months each chimera was studied. The data are interpreted as indicating two phases of B cell activation. It is suggested that the first phase where both virgin and memory B cells are activated may be associated with antigen presentation on dendritic or interdigitating cells outside follicles. It is argued that the second phase where only memory B cells are activated is more likely to be associated with antigen on follicular dendritic cells. PMID- 3487456 TI - Effect of liposomes on lymphocytes: induction of proliferation of B lymphocytes and potentiation of the cytotoxic response of T lymphocytes to alloantigens. AB - Liposomes of certain lipid composition prepared by the detergent removal method (Brunner, J. et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1976. 455: 322) induced the proliferation of spleen cells from different mouse strains. Spleen cell populations enriched in B lymphocytes and those obtained from nude mice were induced to proliferate, whereas spleen cell fractions enriched in T lymphocytes and thymocytes were not. The mitogenic effect of liposomes resembled that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it depended upon their lipid composition. Liposomes prepared from dimyristoyl lecithin (DML), 2:1 dimyristoyl lecithin:cholesterol (DML:C), 2:1 dioleoyl lecithin: cholesterol (DOL:C), and 2:1 egg yolk lecithin:cholesterol (EYL:C) were mitogenic, whereas liposomes prepared from egg yolk lecithin (EYL) alone were not mitogenic for spleen cells. The mitogenic effects of these liposome preparations were in the decreasing order DML greater than DOL:C greater than or equal to EYL:C greater than DML:C greater than EYL. The results suggest a correlation between the membrane fluidity of liposomes and their mitogenic effect. Although no proliferative response was induced on T lymphocytes, two of these liposomes, DML and EYL:C, had the ability to potentiate the cytotoxic response of T lymphocytes to alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture. In responder-stimulator combinations which differed for the H-2K, H-2D or the entire H-2 region, these liposomes potentiated the cytotoxic response significantly. The results suggest that liposomes have an ability to modulate T lymphocyte response. PMID- 3487457 TI - Interferon-alpha/beta enhances the expression of Ly-6 antigens on T cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - Interferons (IFN) have been shown to modulate the expression of a number of cell surface antigens on macrophages and lymphocytes. Because such phenotypic alterations may be involved in the functional effects of IFN, it appears important to characterize further these alterations. In the present work, we evaluated the response to IFN of Ly-6-encoded molecules on murine T cells. Two types of Ly-6 antigens, Ly-6A and Ly-6C, normally present on minor subsets of mature T cells were studied. It was found that in vivo treatment of mice with the IFN inducer poly(I . C) or with purified IFN-alpha/beta resulted two days later in augmented expression of these antigens. Purified T cells cultured in vitro for 2 days in the presence of 5% serum from poly(I . C)-treated mice or of 10(4) units/ml IFN-alpha/beta also displayed dramatically increased (4-12-fold) amounts of Ly-6 antigens. Under the same conditions, the T cell markers Thy-1, Ly-1, Lyt 2 and MT4 were unaffected or slightly diminished while surface expression of H-2 or beta 2-microglobulin antigens was increased by only 10-36%. Therefore, poly(I . C)-induced or purified IFN interacts with resting T cells to selectively enhance Ly-6 antigen expression. This phenomenon was found to correlate functionally with increased proliferative response of the T cells, in presence of phorbol myristate acetate, to anti-Ly-6 antibodies cross-linked on their surface. Enhancement of Ly-6 antigen expression on T cells may thus play a role in IFN mediated immunoregulation. PMID- 3487458 TI - Cross-reactive recognition by antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex restricted T cells of a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis is clonally expressed and I-E restricted. AB - In order to determine whether or not the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded restriction element used by a T cell in the recognition of its primary antigen affected its ability to be cross-reactively stimulated by MAS (a soluble product of Mycoplasma arthritidis), a panel of cloned, soluble antigen-specific I A- and I-E-restricted T cells were tested for their ability to cross-reactively recognize and respond to MAS. Initial studies indicated that all of the cloned T cells tested were capable of responding to MAS in the presence of genetically E alpha E beta-expressing (I-E+), but not E alpha E beta-non-expressing (I-E-) accessory cells (AC). However, subsequent studies demonstrated that the ability of most of these T cell clones to mount proliferative responses to MAS in the presence of I-E+ AC was dependent upon the presence of Lyt-1+2- T cells in the irradiated spleen cells which were used as AC sources. When T cell-depleted, I-E+ populations of spleen cells or an I-E+ antigen-presenting line (WEHI-5) were used as AC sources, only 6 of the 34 clones tested were found to be directly responsive to MAS. Subsequent to stimulation by MAS plus I-E product, these MAS reactive T cell clones were capable of "recruiting" bystander T cells to proliferate. Finally, the ability of a given T cell clone to respond to MAS plus I-E product did not appear to be influenced by the restriction element used by that clone in its response to other antigens since both I-A-restricted and I-E restricted T cell clones were responsive to MAS plus I-E in equivalent proportions. Thus, the data presented indicated that I-E-restricted T cell reactivity to MAS is a clonally expressed property of T cells that is independent of their conventional antigen specificities and MHC restriction patterns. PMID- 3487459 TI - Interculture variation and evolution of B lineage lymphocytes in long-term bone marrow culture. AB - A recently described long-term culture system offers a unique experimental approach for dissecting regulatory mechanisms that control the developmental progression of B-lineage lymphocytes. Lymphoid cells, including B cells and their precursors, can be maintained for prolonged periods in strict dependence on a layer of adherent cells. However, before this system can yield to interpretable manipulation, much information is needed as to the identity and temporal phenotypic stability of both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. The findings reported here provide answers to some of those important questions. Successful establishment of lymphoid cells in culture was extraordinarily dependent on the batch of fetal calf serum used in the medium, and some undesirable serum lots supported cultures that were virtually all myeloid. With standardized culture conditions, various populations of lymphoid cells were identified on the basis of B-lineage differentiation markers and culture to culture variation was assessed. Lymphocytes that were firmly attached to the adherent cells were carefully compared to nonadherent lymphocytes in terms of cycle status, phenotype, size, and transferrin receptor expression. They were essentially identical in all of these respects and a partitioning of proliferating cells and their progeny in the cultures was therefore not apparent. It is also noteworthy that although a high mitotic rate was maintained, a majority of the cells were small lymphocytes. The outgrowth of identifiable B-lineage cells (detected with monoclonal 14.8 antibodies) in replicate cultures was initially similar, but the extent of interculture variation increased dramatically during the period 4-6 weeks after initiation of culture. Replicate cultures established from the same marrow cell pool often differed as much as 20-fold in numbers of 14.8-positive cells. After this time, the composition of individual cultures evolved much more gradually, and numbers of B cells and pre-B cells remained relatively constant. This indicates that subsets of lymphocytes become established in each culture dish during a discrete phase. At least two types of supporting adherent cells predominated in these cultures: typical macrophages and very large, nonphagocytic cells resembling adventitial reticular cells. The latter included subpopulations resolved on the basis of alkaline phosphatase content. In contrast to the lymphoid populations, proportions of these adherent cell types were relatively invariant among replicate cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3487460 TI - Differentiation factors for human specific B cell response. AB - Nonspecific T cell factors produced by lectin-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were used to restore the T-dependent B cell response to trinitrophenyl-polyacrylamide (TNP-PAA). Preincubation experiments with the particulate antigen TNP-PAA and/or a soluble TNP-protein conjugate show that a first specific signal provided by the antigen and nonspecific lymphokines sequentially acts on B cells. By gel filtration the T cell-replacing factor (TRF) activity is present in the 30-15-kDa fraction of T cell supernatants and is associated to interleukin 2 (IL2). However, absorption of IL2 does not abolish the TRF activity. Moreover, chromatofocusing of this 30-15-kDa material allows the obtaining of an IL2-free fraction containing a differentiation factor (with an isoelectric point of 5.7 +/- 0.2). The ability of this fraction to restore the anti-TNP response is manifest in the presence of a 50-kDa B cell growth factor. This latter, prepared by a combination of absorption on concanavalin A-Sepharose and gel filtration, was IL2 free and unable to support the anti-TNP response. We thus directly demonstrate that in the absence of IL2 three separate signals (the antigen, T cell-derived growth and differentiation factors) are involved in human specific B cell response. PMID- 3487461 TI - The bulk of endogenously produced IgG2a is eliminated from the serum of adult C57BL/6 mice with a half-life of 6-8 days. AB - The concentration of IgG2a in the serum of C57BL/6 mice suppressed for the production of IgG2a was measured over a period of 3 months after suppression. The elimination of a minimum of 96% of the endogenous IgG2a molecules from the serum follows an exponential decay with a half-life of 6-8 days. A monoclonal IgG2a antibody injected into suppressed or normal mice is eliminated from the serum in the same fashion. We conclude that there are few, if any, "long-lived" IgG2a molecules present in the serum of C57BL/6 mice under physiological conditions. PMID- 3487462 TI - Comparative toxicity of MPTP, MPP+ and 3,3-dimethyl-MPDP+ to dopaminergic neurons of the rat substantia nigra. AB - The depletion of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum of rats was assessed 3 weeks after the unilateral intranigral infusion of different doses of MPTP, its ultimate metabolite MPP+, and 3,3-DM-MPDP+, a non-oxidizable analog of the initial MPTP metabolite 2,3-MPDP+. MPP+ was found to be 2-3 orders of magnitude more toxic than the other two agents, consistent with the view that it is primarily responsible for MPTP neurotoxicity. PMID- 3487463 TI - Measurement of steady currents around the frog lens. AB - Steady electrical currents were measured and mapped around the frog lens using a vibrating probe. Ion substitutions and ouabain were used to help identify the ionic basis of the observed currents. In physiological frog Ringer solution, current densities at the equator averaged 26 microA cm-2 and were directed outward. At both optical poles, inward currents were measured, with those at the posterior pole about 30% greater than those at the anterior pole. Currents at all loci decreased when external potassium concentration was increased at the expense of sodium, and when Na and K concentrations approached those of lens cytosol, all currents approached zero. Current direction reversed in a solution containing 105 mM K and 2.5 mM Na. In an Na-free medium, where sodium was replaced with choline, currents were reduced significantly at the poles and equator, but they changed direction only at the anterior pole. This effect was fully reversible on return to solution containing sodium. Ouabain (0.1 mM) caused a significant decrease in currents only at the equator, and this effect had two components. A rapid 10% decline in current was complete in 2 min, followed by a steady, slower decrease which stabilized 8-12 min later at a new level approximately 30% lower than the initial current. PMID- 3487464 TI - GABA-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: a species comparison. AB - Rabbit antisera directed against gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) conjugated to bovine serum albumin was used to localize neurons containing GABA-like immunoreactivity in the retinas of nine species of animals: human, cat, rabbit, rat, chicken, turtle, frog, mudpuppy and goldfish. The retinas of all species contained GABA-like labeling in several populations of amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer, cells in the ganglion-cell layer that may include displaced amacrine cells and in fibers in the inner plexiform layer and in the optic nerve fiber layer. Labeled horizontal cells were found in cat and in all non-mammalian retinas. Labeled interplexiform cells were found in rat, rabbit, cat and human retinas. Labeled bipolar cells were restricted to frog and mudpuppy retinas. The distribution of anti-GABA is usually similar to that of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase and neuronal [3H]GABA uptake, indicating good correspondence between these 'GABAergic' markers. However, several significant differences among these markers are discussed. PMID- 3487465 TI - Effects of posterior parietal lesions (area 7) on VOR in monkeys. AB - Unilateral ablations of area 7 were performed in three adult monkeys. Vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) was tested in the dark by sinusoidal rotations at different frequencies. Following lesion of area 7, spontaneous nystagmus was observed in the dark, with the fast phase directed toward the lesioned side. The same lesion induced a strong VOR asymmetry due to a gain decrease when the animal was rotated toward the side contralateral to the lesion and an increase when rotated toward the opposite side. These VOR deficits were transient: spontaneous nystagmus was no longer present after the first post-operative week whereas the VOR asymmetry lasted for 2 to 4 weeks after the lesion. It is concluded that area 7 might be involved in an ipsilateral control of the slow component of VOR. These results support the idea that posterior parietal cortex plays a role in body reference stabilization. PMID- 3487466 TI - Percutaneous absorption of piketoprofen in rabbits: effect of nonionic surface active agents. PMID- 3487467 TI - Guanosine 5'-triphosphate releases calcium from rat liver and guinea pig parotid gland endoplasmic reticulum independently of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. AB - GTP releases calcium from rat liver microsomes and guinea pig parotid gland microsomal subfractions independently of the presence of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3). Non-hydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analogues have no effect and inhibit the effect of GTP. The mechanism of GTP-mediated calcium release differs from IP3-mediated calcium release as indicated by the following findings: GTP-induced calcium release depends on the presence of compounds which increase the viscosity of the medium (polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or bovine serum albumin); GTP-mediated calcium release is much slower; GTP-mediated calcium release is strongly temperature-dependent, whereas IP3-mediated calcium release is not; GTP-mediated calcium release is much more sensitive to a decrease of intravesicular free calcium than IP3-mediated calcium release. PMID- 3487468 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the calcitonin gene in a lower vertebrate. Predicted structure of avian calcitonin gene-related peptide. AB - The gene coding for calcitonin was isolated and characterized in a non-mammalian vertebrate, chicken. Sequencing of the 3'-end of this gene revealed after the calcitonin coding exon, an intron followed by an exon coding for a calcitonin gene-related peptide, which displays significant amino acid sequence homology with mammalian CGRPs so far sequenced. PMID- 3487470 TI - The present status of coronary artery surgery. PMID- 3487469 TI - [Binding of 3H-bungarotoxin by nerve trunks of the frog during excitatory conduction]. AB - In the frog nerve, 3H-bungarotoxin and 3H-acetylcholine binding increased whereas the acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in rhythmic stimulation. The enhancement of 3H-bungarotoxin binding to nerve during the rhythmic stimulation seems to stem from transformation of "inactive" forms of acetylcholine receptor of glial membrane to "active" ones. PMID- 3487471 TI - Treatment of heart disease in Delaware, present and future. PMID- 3487472 TI - [Nuclear antigen expression caused by ultraviolet irradiation--a contribution to UV-induced autoimmunity]. PMID- 3487473 TI - [Quantitative determination of neopterin concentration in urine--a parameter for the detection of the immunologic activity of T lymphocytes in skin diseases]. PMID- 3487474 TI - Artifacts and errors in the electronystagmographic (ENG) evaluation of the vestibular system. PMID- 3487475 TI - Definitions and types of nystagmus and calculations. PMID- 3487476 TI - Nonlocalizing vestibular findings on electronystagmography. PMID- 3487477 TI - Torsion swing chair. PMID- 3487478 TI - Computed sinusoidal harmonic acceleration. PMID- 3487479 TI - Linear gastric erosion. A lesion associated with large diaphragmatic hernia and chronic blood loss anemia. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to identify mucosal lesions that might cause chronic blood loss anemia in patients with large diaphragmatic hernia. Patients with one-third or more of the stomach above the diaphragm on barium x-ray were examined by a gastroscopist who was given no clinical information. A total of 109 patients were included: 55 with anemia and 54 with a large hernia but no anemia. The incidence of esophagitis and peptic ulcer did not differ significantly in the anemic and nonanemic groups. Linear gastric erosions were found on the crests of mucosal folds at or near the level of the diaphragm in 23 anemic patients and 13 without anemia (p less than 0.05). Blood on the surface of a linear erosion was found in 14 anemic patients and 4 without anemia (p less than 0.05). We suggest that these erosions are due to trauma and can cause chronic blood loss anemia in hernia patients. PMID- 3487480 TI - You see what you look for. PMID- 3487481 TI - Nd:YAG laser in treatment of seriously ill patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet) laser coagulation was used to treat 30 seriously ill patients with massive or prolonged gastrointestinal bleeding. An average of 7.5 units of blood was given prior to Nd:YAG laser treatment. Twenty patients showed no evidence of continued or recurrent bleeding after laser therapy, four patients rebled after 48 hours, three patients rebled within 48 hours, one patient continued to bleed despite the laser treatment but died of an unrelated cause, one patient required immediate surgery because of inability to control bleeding, and one patient died several hours after control of the bleeding. Although six patients died within 10 weeks, no patient exsanguinated. Nd:YAG laser treatment is a useful modality for controlling severe gastrointestinal bleeding in the seriously ill patient. PMID- 3487482 TI - Esophageal strictures following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy: clinical course and response to dilation therapy. AB - The authors evaluated the clinical course and management of 10 sclerotherapy patients with obliterated varices and symptomatic esophageal strictures. Strictures developed after 29 injections of 51 ml of sodium tetradecyl sulfate on an average of three sessions. Although the severity of dysphagia was variable, all patients were successfully managed with bougienage. To evaluate risk factors related to stricture formation a comparison was made with 14 nonstricture patients with obliterated varices. Multiple parameters of sclerotherapy were evaluated including total volume of sclerosant, number of injections, number of EVS sessions, volume of sclerosant, number of injections per session, number of esophageal ulcerations, and frequency of EVS treatments. No aspects of therapy clearly predicted the development of esophageal stricture. PMID- 3487483 TI - Post liver biopsy hemobilia in a cirrhotic patient with portal hypertension and varices: the diagnostic role of ERCP. PMID- 3487484 TI - A new endoscopic elastic band ligating device. PMID- 3487485 TI - The sentinel clot/visible vessel revisited. PMID- 3487486 TI - Intramural hematoma of the esophagus--a complication of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 3487487 TI - [Immunologic reactivity indices in patients with chronic myeloleukemia]. PMID- 3487488 TI - [Characteristics of membrane markers of the peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes in children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (a study using monoclonal antibodies)]. PMID- 3487489 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the allergic effect of dimethyl terephthalate after inhalation and oral administration]. PMID- 3487491 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis after open heart surgery]. PMID- 3487490 TI - What is angiodysplasia? PMID- 3487492 TI - [Gastrointestinal blood loss following cow's milk feeding in infancy]. PMID- 3487493 TI - [Gynecologic operations in patients over 60. Comparison of the years 1967 to 1971 and 1978 to 1982]. PMID- 3487494 TI - [Therapeutic and preventive sclerosing of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3487496 TI - Psychiatric services to adolescents: 1970-1980. AB - A study based on the National Institute of Mental Health's Sample Survey Program for 1970, 1975, and 1980 provides an overview of the services to adolescents supplied by the mental health sector. Data are presented mainly for nonfederal general hospitals, state and county hospitals, private psychiatric hospitals, and, to a lesser extent, outpatient clinics. Among the trends found by the analysis are that private psychiatric and private general hospitals admitted an increasing share of adolescents while state and county hospitals admitted fewer; the overall proportion of younger adolescents admitted for inpatient treatment increased; all types of study facilities except state and county hospitals admitted relatively low proportions of adolescent substance abusers; and the use of psychotropic drugs decreased in some types of facilities, especially for younger adolescents. PMID- 3487495 TI - [Analysis of HLA-class II antigen mRNAs on T lymphoblasts]. AB - The expression of human class II antigens on T lineage cells was analysed at the mRNA and the protein levels. Alpha- and beta-chains of class II antigens were identified on phytoheamagglutinin (PHA)-activated T lymphoblasts by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. It was, however, not clear whether their spots represent HLA-DR, DQ or -DP antigen. Northern blot analysis using cDNA probes for alpha- and beta-chains of DR, DQ, and DP antigens revealed that mRNAs for all the class II antigen components were detected in PHA activated T lymphoblasts. Among six T lymphoblastoid cell lines studied (Molt 4, RPMI 8402, CCRF-CEM, TALL 1, HSB 2 and MT-2), only MT-2, a human T cell leukemia virus-1 producing line, expressed class II antigen molecules and their mRNAs. The rest of the lines did not express class II antigens either at the protein level or at the mRNA level. However, Southern hybridization showed that these cell lines retained DQ beta-chain gene at the DNA level. PMID- 3487497 TI - Adolescent drug abuse. AB - The author reviews general principles for assessing, intervening in, and treating adolescent drug abuse. Assessment involves uncovering the extent of the drug problem and the reasons behind it, including the role of family psychodynamics. In the intervention phase, the clinician should clearly explain the diagnosis to the family and firmly recommend further actions, being prepared to encounter resistance. Treatment should enable the adolescent to become free of acute drug effects, understand the disorder, and become physically and emotionally capable of abstinence. Involvement in mutual self-help groups modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous is helpful in achieving long-term abstinence. The author also discusses trends in adolescent drug abuse, treatment of medical and psychiatric complications of drug use, and strategies for handling violent drug abusers. PMID- 3487498 TI - Cerebellopontine angle lipoma. AB - Cerebellopontine angle lipomas are rare lesions that differ from other intracranial lipomas in that they typically present with slowly progressive focal signs and symptoms identical to those of other tumors of this location, and by their propensity for intimate involvement of the adjacent cranial nerves. The lipomas in this study demonstrated this tendency to splay apart and infiltrate the cranial nerves, with the fatty tissue adjacent to the nerves invariably containing portions of the cranial nerves. Hence, the dissection of the adipose tissue from the nerves led to greater than anticipated postoperative neurologic deficits. Therefore, minimal excision of tumor is recommended to achieve decompression. Since preoperative evaluation does not distinguish with certainty this lesion from others more common to this location, intraoperative examination of frozen sections is required to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 3487499 TI - Amoxycillin, augmentin and metronidazole in bacterial vaginosis associated with Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 3487500 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes in a population of Jordan. AB - Frequencies of the three common subtypes of PI M were studied in a Jordanian population. In comparison with other populations, PI*M3 was found to be low (0.038) and PI*M2 rather high (0.155). PMID- 3487501 TI - A technique for the isolation and mitogenic activation of thyroglobulin-specific human B lymphocytes. AB - In previous studies we demonstrated that Hashimoto peripheral blood lymphocytes enriched for thyroglobulin (Tg) binding activity could be activated to secrete increased amounts of Tg antibody by Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) but not by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). We now report an investigation into the requirements for the isolation of Tg receptor positive (TgR+) B cells capable of being stimulated by PWM. The interaction between Hashimoto lymphocytes and Tg coated erythrocytes followed by red cell lysis interfered with the ability of the population to synthesize Tg antibody. However, this could be overcome if the rosettes formed between Tg coated erythrocytes and the Tg receptors on B cells were dissociated by digestion followed by red cell lysis and overnight incubation before the addition of PWM. Using this approach, Hashimoto TgR+ B cells could be stimulated by the mitogen to secrete immunoglobulin with a higher Tg antibody specific activity than unfractionated lymphocytes. Consequently, enriched populations of antigen specific human B cells capable of responding to mitogenic signals can be prepared by a positive selection technique. PMID- 3487502 TI - Microstructure of the sialic acid moiety of N-glycolylneuraminyllactosylceramide and the elucidation of Hanganutziu and Deicher (HD) antigenicity. AB - The carboxyl (-COOH) group of heterophile Hanganutziu and Deicher (HD) antigen active ganglioside (N-glycolylneuraminyllactosylceramide) was esterified ( CO2CH3) by methyl iodide and then reduced to a primary alcohol (-CH2OH) by sodium borohydride. The intact molecule (commonly known as HD3) as well as its two derivatives were tested for HD antigen potency using four human pathologic sera containing HD antibodies. The methyl ester derivative (1-methyl-HD3) gave the same inhibition potency as HD3, but the reduced HD3 gave poor inhibition (1/66) compared to the intact HD3. The results show that reduction of the carboxyl group diminishes the inhibitory potency of HD3. This suggests that although the N glycolyl (-CH2OH) group of HD3 is the most important determinant for manifestation of HD antigenicity, it is likely that the antibody recognizes both the N-glycolyl and carboxyl groups together when they form a hydrogen bond ( CH2OH---OOC-), aided by their possible proximity, and that substitution of either group therefore reduces the reaction of HD3 with HD antibody dramatically. PMID- 3487503 TI - Cyclosporin inhibits a two-signal mechanism for the generation of cytotoxic NK like cells, from small lymphocyte precursors. AB - Cytotoxic cells resembling NK cells are generated from CD 3- small, lymphokine (LK) nonresponsive precursor cells during an 8 day culture period with mitomycin C-treated autologous T cell blasts and LK. Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) can replace LK in this coculture system. Both stimuli are required for the generation of the cytotoxic cells, which can then be maintained in short term cultures by LK alone. The generation of the cytotoxic cells was inhibited in cultures containing 0.1 micrograms/ml cyclosporin (Cys). Cys did not inhibit the LK dependent growth of the cytotoxic cells. Cys also inhibited the mitogen and LK dependent stimulation of purified T cells, but did not inhibit the LK dependent proliferation of T cell blasts. In contrast to the results for the generation of the cytotoxic cells, Cys did not inhibit the activation/growth of peripheral blood NK cells by LK or rIL2. These studies support the notion that the precursors of the NK-like cytotoxic cells are at an earlier stage of differentiation than peripheral blood NK cells responsive to LK alone, and that the precursor cells are triggered into a differentiation pathway leading to the NK-like cytotoxic cells by a two-signal mechanism. PMID- 3487504 TI - Low responder MHC alleles for Tc recognition of influenza nucleoprotein. AB - Since virus nucleoprotein is an important target antigen for anti-influenza cytotoxic T cells (Tc), we examined the genetics of Tc responses to this single viral protein to find three nonresponder alleles (Dd, Dk, and Kb) in three haplotypes and their recombinants so far tested. B10.A(5R) mice bearing nonresponder MHC class I antigen in the D and K regions show no anti-NP Tc responses, however they do show a strong A-virus cross-reactive anti-influenza cytotoxicity. The high frequency of nonresponsiveness to a single viral component, as compared with the entire virus, has implications for the development of simple vaccines. PMID- 3487505 TI - Tryptic peptide mapping identifies structural heterogeneity among six variants of HLA-B27. PMID- 3487506 TI - Endothelium-dependent responses to platelets and serotonin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - We studied endothelium-dependent responses to substances released from aggregating platelets in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Rings of thoracic aorta with and without endothelium were taken from adult rats and suspended for isometric tension recording in organ chambers containing modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. Aggregating platelets caused statistically similar contractions in rings without endothelium in both strains. In rings with endothelium from SHR the contractions were significantly more pronounced than in rings with endothelium from WKY. In contracted rings with endothelium, serotonin caused a slight relaxation at lower concentrations but contraction at higher concentrations; only contractions were seen in rings without endothelium. The higher concentrations of the monoamine caused contractions, which in the SHR but not in the WKY were larger in the presence than in the absence of endothelium. In both strains adenosine diphosphate induced concentration-dependent relaxation in rings with endothelium but not in those without it; at high concentrations of adenosine diphosphate, the relaxation responses were significantly smaller in the SHR than in the WKY. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to thrombin did not differ in the two strains. The increased contraction in response to aggregating platelets and serotonin and the decreased relaxation in response to adenosine diphosphate in the SHR suggest that functional changes occur in the endothelium in this model of hypertension, possibly because of the release of one or more endothelium-derived contracting factors. PMID- 3487507 TI - Modulation of cellular immune responses in mice with disseminated histoplasmosis by recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Depression of the cellular immune responses in mice with disseminated histoplasmosis is associated with deficient production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by splenocytes. Therefore, we examined whether a highly purified preparation of IL 2, recombinant human IL-2 (rIL-2), could modify the cellular immune responses in infected mice and whether this lymphokine could alter the severity of histoplasmosis in animals. Exogenous rIL-2, at concentrations of up to 1,000 U/ml, failed to augment the proliferative responses to concanavalin A by unfractionated splenocytes or splenic T cells from mice infected for 1 week. In addition, rIL-2 did not modulate the plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes by splenocytes from these same mice. However, at week 3, rIL-2 in concentrations ranging from 10 to 1,000 U/ml considerably augmented the proliferative response to concanavalin A and plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes by splenocytes from infected mice. Kinetics studies demonstrated that rIL-2 exerted maximal immunoregulatory activity when added on day 0 or 1 to cultures of splenocytes. In vivo administration of rIL-2, 200 to 20,000 U/day, for 10 days to normal and 3-week-infected mice did not alter the proliferative activity of splenocytes to concanavalin A; 200,000 U of rIL-2 per day actually depressed the proliferative responses of splenocytes from normal and infected mice. In vivo, rIL-2 did not modify delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to sheep erythrocytes or to histoplasmin by normal and infected mice. Moreover, treatment with rIL-2 in vivo did not reduce the number of Histoplasma CFU in spleens of mice. Thus, despite the immunoenhancing effect of rIL-2 in vitro, this lymphokine failed to exert similar effects in vivo. PMID- 3487510 TI - Effort dyspnea after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Two series of consecutive patients with disabling effort angina were studied prospectively. From the first series, 94 survivors were followed up 9 months after coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirty-five patients (37%) reported that they still suffered from effort angina. Another 26 patients (28%) also used to stop when walking uphill/upstairs but because of dyspnea and 2 (2%) because of leg fatigue. A symptom-limited exercise test performed in 24 of the 26 with dyspnea revealed effort angina in 2 patients and high-degree dyspnea (mean grade 6.6 of 10) in 22. The exercise capacity was less than normal in 16 of these 22 patients. The number of peripheral anastomoses did not differ between the 26 dyspnea patients and the 31 free from effort restriction, nor did the incidence of perioperative infarctions or treatment with diuretics and beta-blocking drugs at follow-up. The second series of 95 survivors confirmed the high prevalence of disabling dyspnea after coronary artery bypass grafting (24%) and showed that it was not predictable. We conclude that physical fitness is restored in less than half the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3487509 TI - Comparison of six colour vision tests for occupational screening. AB - Screening of red-green colour vision defects was done for 52 school children (22 boys and 30 girls) and 231 trade school students (226 boys and 5 girls) with three different kinds of pseudo-isochromatic plates: Ishihara (1983), Bostrom Kugelberg (1972), and Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 1 (SPP 1) 1978, and with three different kinds of vision screeners: Keystone View Model DVS 2, Bausch and Lomb Vision Tester, and Rodenstock Farbentestscheibe 3040.173. After these tests, each subject was examined with the Nagel Anomaloscope; this revealed 26 red-green defectives in the study group. Ishihara found 20/26 (76.9%), Bostrom Kugelberg 24/26 (92.3%), and SPP 1 17/26 (65.4%) of the defectives. None of the normals were diagnosed as defectives with Ishihara or SPP 1. With Bostrom Kugelberg four normals were diagnosed as defectives. Keystone found 24/26 (92.3%), Bausch and Lomb 26/26 (100%), and Rodenstock 25/26 (96.2%) of the defectives. But 9, 21, and 112 normals, respectively, were diagnosed as defective. In the present study, the Bostrom-Kugelberg and Ishihara plates as well as Keystone Vision Screener and Bausch and Lomb Vision tester came close to an effective screening test and could be recommended for screening red-green colour vision defects in occupational health care. PMID- 3487508 TI - Difference in structure between type b and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae populations. AB - The extent of chromosomal genetic variability and the genetic structure of Haemophilus influenzae populations was analyzed. A total of 119 isolates from humans in Goteborg, Sweden, and Birmingham, Ala., and 16 strains from a type culture collection were characterized for capsular type, biotype, outer membrane protein profile, and enzyme electrophoretic type (ET). The results of this study indicate that the bacteria identified as H. influenzae are a genetically extremely variable array of organisms. For the six enzymes studied, the estimated mean genetic diversity was 0.57 (approximately 20% higher than the corresponding estimate for Escherichia coli). Two lines of evidence indicate that despite its ability to recombine by transformation, H. influenzae maintains a largely clonal population structure. Although there is considerable potential for generating different genotypes, there were only 88 distinct ETs among the 135 strains, and isolates of the same ET and biotype were recovered at frequencies greater than would be anticipated at random. This evidence for a clonal population structure holds for uncapsulated as well as capsulated strains. However, these data also suggest that the stability of H. influenzae clones (clone persistence time) may be less than that of the nontransforming species E. coli. The ET data indicate that there is somewhat less variability among H. influenzae strains that express the same capsular antigens, biotype, and outer membrane proteins than among randomly chosen isolates. Nevertheless, there is substantial genetic variation among isolates within each of these classes and combinations thereof. There is also variation in these typing characteristics among strains of the same ET. These observations and those on genetic variability and population structures have implications for the characterization of H. influenzae isolates in clinical and epidemiological studies. PMID- 3487511 TI - Progressive sacro-iliac obliteration in Forestier disease. AB - In 11 patients with Forestier disease 4 were shown to have obliteration of the sacroiliac joints. We suggest that if patients with this disease are observed for a long period ossification of the sacro-iliac joints will be seen, as in ankylosing spondylitis, with loss of sacro-iliac pain when present. PMID- 3487512 TI - The effect of an ultraprotective sunscreen on Langerhans cell alteration induced by ultraviolet light in human skin. PMID- 3487513 TI - Chronic carbon disulphide poisoning: a 4 year follow-up study of the ophthalmological signs. AB - Thirty workers of a viscose rayon industry had a complete eye examination in 1979 including visual acuity, perimetry, colour vision testing, fluorescein angiography, ERG and EOG, for possible signs of chronic carbon disulphide poisoning. They were divided into two groups, group A included workers exposed to relatively high CS2 levels (at least 50 mg/m3), group B working in the relatively safe bleaching division. In both groups fundus anomalies and abnormal EOG's en ERG's were found. Twenty-nine of these thirty workers were reexamined in 1983. A number of them were no longer exposed to CS2 for a period varying between 1 and 43 months. The fundus signs (pigmentary changes and vascular lesions) increased in frequency, even if the patient was no longer exposed. The light/dark ratio of the EOG after 4 years was decreased in comparison with the first EOG, although this was not statistically significant. The ERG improved on follow-up. This could be related either to a shift to supranormal amplitudes or to recovery from subnormal amplitudes after the patient was no longer exposed. PMID- 3487515 TI - A preliminary assessment of the consequences for inhabitants of the UK of the Chernobyl accident. AB - The accident with the nuclear power reactor at Chernobyl in the USSR resulted in the release of substantial quantities of radioactive material and subsequent increases in radioactivity in the environment in many countries. In this paper the situation in the UK is considered and, from the preliminary monitoring measurements, the major routes of exposure of the population are identified and quantified. For the most part exposures in the UK are within variations in levels of natural background radiation to be found in Europe. An exception is the dose likely to have been received by the thyroids of young people in the north of the UK. From reported measurements of I-131 in milk it is predicted that thyroid doses up to 10-20 times the annual doses received from 'normal' natural background radiation might have affected young children drinking fresh cows' milk. The ways in which this component of exposure could have been reduced and the criteria that govern decisions as to whether or not to implement counter measures are discussed. The importance of I-131 in milk as a route of exposure of the population to radioactivity is a feature that the Chernobyl accident has in common with the Windscale accident in the UK in 1957, and underlines the importance of milk-producing regions in relation to reactor-sitting policy. PMID- 3487514 TI - T cell subsets in glomerulonephritis. AB - Abnormal lymphocyte function has been postulated to have a pathogenetic role in nephrotic syndrome. In an attempt to investigate the pathogenetic role of lymphocyte subsets in human glomerular disease, we studied 110 children suffering from nephritis during the acute nephrotic phase or nephritis without steroid treatment, 4 weeks later after steroid treatment, in remission and relapse. These patients included minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) 15 cases, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FGS) 6 cases, mesangial cell proliferative nephropathy (MesPGN) 42 cases, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 2 cases, hepatitis B surface antigenemia associated with membranous nephropathy (HBVMN) 10 cases, IgA mesangial nephropathy (IgAN) without nephrotic syndrome 7 cases, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) 24 cases and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) 4 cases. There was no significant difference in the total lymphocyte count of each different pathological group of nephritis except that lymphopenia was noted in the CGN patients. When the lymphocyte phenotypic profile was examined, OKT8 cells were significantly increased in the MesPGN patients and both OKT4 and OKT8 cells were significantly increased in HBVMN. Comparison of MCNS and MesPGN during the acute nephrotic phase showed the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased significantly in MesPGN. Four weeks after steroid treatment, OKT4 cells decreased both in MCNS and MesPGN being pronounced in MCNS. In the remission stage with steroid treatment the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased in MCNS and was mildly elevated in MesPGN. In relapse, the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was the same as it was during the onset of nephrotic phase. MCNS cases were steroid responsive whereas in MesPGN there were frequent relapses or partial steroid response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487516 TI - Lifetime of peroxyl radicals of poly(U), poly(A) and single-and double-stranded DNA and the rate of their reaction with thiols. AB - Peroxyl radicals of poly(U), poly(A), and single- and double-stranded DNA have been produced by photolysing H2O2 in oxygenated aqueous solution in presence of the substrates. The peroxyl radicals are formed by the reaction of OH radicals with the polynucleotides followed by addition of oxygen. The lifetime of the peroxyl radicals and the rate constant of their reactions with the thiols cysteamine, glutathione and dithiothreithol have been measured by time-resolved e.s.r. spectroscopy. The unusually long lifetimes range from 0.2 to 3.3 s. The activation energy for the decay for all four substrates is 10.3 +/- 1 kcal/mol (43 kJ mol-1). The reaction rate constants with the thiols range from k = 0.8 X 10(4) to 1.3 X 10(5) dm3 mol-1 s-1. The reactions of the thiols with the peroxyl radical of poly(U) are known to prevent strand break formation. This shows that the peroxyl radicals of poly(U) observed by e.s.r. are intermediates in the pathway leading to strand break formation. PMID- 3487517 TI - Hair follicle response to the variable l.e.t. of a helium ion beam. AB - A homogeneous population of hair follicles in the rat tail has been used to analyse the in vivo response of a biological system to heavy particle irradiation. The conical configuration of the rat tail gives rise to a variable energy degradation of the beam thus yielding information on the damage elicited by the increasing l.e.t. of the helium beam at different sites on the same sample. By means of scanning electron microscopy three different zones were observed as direct evidence of helium ion penetration in the tail. Quantitative evaluation of radiation damage yielded results concerning hair follicle damage after increasing doses for different regions of the ionization curve. PMID- 3487518 TI - Calculation of clinical r.b.e. values for neutrons. AB - A method is described for calculating r.b.e. values for normal tissues at risk in clinical neutron beam therapy. This is based on the assumption that with high l.e.t. radiations the slope of the cell survival curve is steeper, mainly in the initial or low-dose region. This effect is quantified by using two coefficients, one (epsilon) to produce a proportionate increase in the initial slope, and a second (eta) determining the change in the terminal slope (D0) of the survival curve. Analysis of published experimental data shows epsilon to be a variable quantity, different for different tissues; epsilon is larger when the survival curve has a large shoulder or slope ratio (rho). By contrast, eta is relatively constant (for a given beam) and less dependent on the tissue or end-point studied. For low doses, the r.b.e. approaches epsilon, which can be calculated given eta (characteristic of the beam) and rho (characteristic of the relevant tissue) [epsilon = eta + rho(eta - 1)]. This provides a useful approximation to the clinical r.b.e. for specific tissues relative to conventionally fractionated low-l.e.t. photons. PMID- 3487519 TI - Reduction of intracellular glutathione content and radiosensitivity. AB - The intracellular glutathione (GSH) content of HeLa, CHO and V79 cells was reduced by incubating the cells in growth medium containing buthionine sulphoximine or diethyl maleate (DEM). Clonogenicity, single-strand DNA breaks (ssb) and double-strand DNA breaks (dsb) were used as criteria for radiation induced damage after X- or gamma-irradiation. In survival experiments, DEM gave a slightly larger sensitization although it gave a smaller reduction of the intracellular GSH. In general, sensitization was larger for dsb than for ssb, also the reduction of the o.e.r. was generally larger for dsb than for ssb. This may be due to the higher dose rate in case of dsb experiments resulting in a higher rate of radiochemical oxygen consumption. In general, no effect was found on post-irradiation repair of ssb and dsb. PMID- 3487520 TI - High yields of lethal mutations in somatic mammalian cells that survive ionizing radiation. AB - When mammalian cells are irradiated in vitro, the component cells of a normal appearing survivor colony or clone are commonly thought to have proliferative capacity equivalent to that of the unirradiated cells. We have found, however, that cells appearing in survivor colonies may carry heritable lethal defects which come to light, perhaps only after numerous successful divisions, in the form of plating efficiencies that are reduced below those of unirradiated cells in a dose-dependent manner. We regard these heritable defects as signs of the induction of lethal mutations, which, like non-lethal mutations, may require many generations before they are expressed. This effect has been noted in two very dissimilar mammalian cell lines, one a primary culture from adult tissue, the other an immortal cell line. We suggest that induction of lethal mutations may occur also in somatic cells in vivo; this would account for the well-known observation that previously irradiated but apparently healed tissue is subsequently proved to be extraordinarily sensitive to subsequent exposure to irradiation or cytotoxic drugs. The results of our experiments in vitro suggest that current methods of estimating mutation or transformation yields may yield underestimates. If lethal mutations are induced also in vivo, interpretations of the results of fractionation experiments on normal tissues may have to be reconsidered. PMID- 3487521 TI - Biophysical models for the role of intracellular repair in the anomalous enhancement of neoplastic transformation by low doses of fission-spectrum neutrons at low dose rates. PMID- 3487522 TI - Inactivation of Chinese hamster V79/4(AH1) and HeLa cells by 24 keV neutrons. AB - Cell survival studies have been carried out with a filtered neutron beam providing a nearly pure, high intensity source of 24 keV neutrons. These suggest that 24 keV neutrons behave as high LET radiation. The RBE at 37 per cent survival was approximately 2.2 for V79 Chinese hamster cells while HeLa cells gave a value of 2.9. PMID- 3487523 TI - Zinc tetrasulphophthalocyanine as a photodynamic sensitizer for biomolecules. AB - Monomeric zinc tetrasulphophthalocyanine in aqueous buffer is an effective sensitizer for the photo-oxidation of amino acids and nucleic acid bases and for the photodynamic inactivation of the enzyme, lysozyme; these reactions appear to be mediated by singlet oxygen. PMID- 3487524 TI - DNA structural changes caused by microwave radiation. PMID- 3487525 TI - Chemically induced resistance to heat treatment and stress protein synthesis in cultured mammalian cells. AB - Short exposure (1-2 h) of cultured cells, derived from a transplantable murine mammary carcinoma, to sodium arsenite, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonylcyanide-3 chlorophenylhydrazone (CCP) or disulfiram, induced resistance to a subsequent heat treatment, similar to heat-induced thermotolerance. Optimum resistance to a test heat treatment of 45 min at 45 degrees C after sodium arsenite exposure was obtained at a concentration of 300 microM, after DNP exposure at 3mM, after CCP at 300 microM and after disulfiram exposure in the range 1-30 microM. Exposure of cells to CCP, sodium arsenite or disulfiram led to enhanced synthesis of some proteins with the same molecular weight as 'heat shock' proteins. The pattern of enhanced synthesis of these proteins was agent specific. We could not detect significantly enhanced synthesis of the proteins after DNP using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that enhanced stress protein synthesis is not a prerequisite for the development of thermal resistance. PMID- 3487526 TI - Effects of hyperthermia and X-irradiation on mouse stromal tissue. AB - The sensitivity of normal stroma to heat, irradiation and heat combined with irradiation has been studied using the tumour bed effect (TBE) assay. Irradiation before implantation led to a TBE. This TBE was dose dependent below 15 Gy, the TBE remaining relatively constant above 15 Gy. The interval (0-90 days) between irradiation and tumour implantation did not influence the magnitude of the TBE. Hyperthermia with large heat doses (45-60 min at 44 degrees C) before implantation may lead to a TBE. The interval between hyperthermia and tumour implantation proved to be very important. Our results show that the recovery from heat-induced stromal damage is very rapid. When the interval between hyperthermia and tumour implantation is 10 days or longer, no TBE could be observed. Irradiation combined with large heat doses (30-60 min at 44 degrees C) decreased the radiation-induced TBE. However, the combination of irradiation with mild heat treatments (15 min at 44 degrees C) could lead to a larger TBE than after irradiation alone. When hyperthermia was given prior to irradiation, the interval between heat and irradiation proved to be very important. With large intervals (21 days or longer) the TBE values were about the same as with irradiation alone. When heat was given after irradiation it always reduced the irradiation-induced TBE. PMID- 3487527 TI - Effect of serum on heat response of synchronized mouse neuroblastoma cells: protection of cell cycle progression, protein synthesis and survival. AB - The effect of serum and temperature elevation on proliferation has been studied in synchronized mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2A) cells. The effects of serum were studied on the induction of (a) mitotic delay due to a non-lethal heat treatment (30 min at 42.7 degrees C) and (b) the loss of colony-forming capacity after a more extensive heat treatment (45 min at 44 degrees C or a continuous 42.7 degrees C heat treatment). The following results were obtained. Under conditions of serum depletion, cell cycle extension of heated G1 phase cells was more than that of heated G2 phase cells. Serum protected against heat-induced alterations of cell cycle progression in G1- but not in G2 phase cells. This effect of serum could be mimicked by a supplement to the medium of human transferrin, bovine pancreas insulin and selenium, and was correlated with protection of protein synthesis. Serum also affected heat-induced cell killing. Under conditions of serum depletion, G1 phase cells were more resistant to heat compared to G2 cells. The presence of serum during heat treatment further increased the thermoresistance of G1 phase cells, but did not affect sensitivity of G2 phase cells. This effect of serum could not be mimicked by a supplement of transferrin, insulin and selenium. These results indicate that serum protects G1 phase cells for heat-induced changes of cell cycle progression as well as on cell survival, but the mechanisms involved in both phenomena seem to be different. PMID- 3487528 TI - Heterogeneity in radiosensitization by heat of cloned cell lines derived from a single human melanoma xenograft. AB - Heterogeneity in radiosensitization by heat was studied using one uncloned and five cloned cell lines isolated from a single tumour of a human melanoma xenograft. Cells from passages 7-12 in vitro were given heat treatments of 42.5 degrees C (45 min), 43.5 degrees C (45 min) or 44.5 degrees C (45 min) immediately after exposure to graded doses of radiation. The survival curves after irradiation alone had similar D0 values but differed in the size of the shoulder. The heterogeneity in heat radiosensitization was reflected in differences in decrease of the D0 values. The thermal enhancement ratios, calculated from the D0 values, were in the ranges 1.2 +/- 0.2-1.7 +/- 0.2 (42.5 degrees C), 1.4 +/- 0.3-2.4 +/- 0.4 (43.5 degrees C) and 2.3 +/- 0.4-3.4 +/- 0.4 (44.5 degrees C). Moreover, at 43.5 degrees C the heterogeneity was also reflected in different modifications of the shape of the survival curves. Two lines showed survival curves with a significant shoulder and a relatively low D0 value whereas two other lines had lost the shoulder almost completely but showed relatively high D0 values. All lines showed survival curves with a broad shoulder after heating at 42.5 degrees C, whereas none of the lines showed survival curves with a significant shoulder after heating at 44.5 degrees C. PMID- 3487529 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflexes of adventitiously and congenitally blind adults. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was measured in congenitally blind, adventitiously blind, and normally sighted adults to determine how it was affected by loss of vision. VOR gain and phase were measured in subjects rotated sinusoidally in total darkness, while concentrating on an imaginary earth-fixed target. Gain was lower in adventitiously blind subjects than in sighted subjects. The gain reduction in blind subjects was accompanied by an increase in the amount of phase lead at low frequencies. The dominant time constant was typically 3 sec for adventitiously blind subjects and 16 sec for sighted subjects. No convincing vestibulo-ocular responses were measured in congenitally blind subjects except at the highest test frequencies. These findings demonstrate that vision is necessary early in life for development of the VOR, and that vision is also necessary throughout life for ongoing maintenance of the VOR. PMID- 3487530 TI - Teaching nurses how to improve their documentation. PMID- 3487531 TI - Diagnostic procedures leading to successful separation of xipho-omphalopagus twins. AB - Xipho-omphalopagus twins with a pericardial bridge, extended liver tissue union and considerable intestinal herniation from one abdominal cavity to the other were separated successfully at the age of three months. Special diagnostic procedures including cardiac and abdominal sonography, catheterism of the umbilical vein with portal angiography, radionucleotide liver and bile duct imaging and separate oral glucose tolerance tests provided important information for perioperative and surgical patient management. Relevant items for determination of the favourable data and method of surgery are discussed. PMID- 3487532 TI - A multi-centre study on completeness of urine collection in 11 European centres. I. Some problems with the use of creatinine and 4-aminobenzoic acid as markers of the completeness of collection. AB - We have studied the completeness of urine collections in 11 European centres. The completeness of collection was examined by questioning the participants, by calculating the ratio of observed to expected creatinine, and by measuring the recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the urine after administration of a 240 mg dose. The ratio of observed to expected creatinine is a fairly insensitive measure of undercollection. People who report that their collection is incomplete are likely to have collected incompletely to a considerable degree. It was concluded that the use of PABA in epidemiological studies is still questionable; overcollection cannot be detected by using PABA, and it appeared that people sometimes forget or refuse to take the capsules. It is also suggested that differences in the meal-time patterns between countries may interfere with the PABA recovery test. PMID- 3487534 TI - [Relation of self evaluation of nasal respiration to rhinoscopy and rhinomanometry]. AB - The correlation between history, rhinoscopy and rhinomanometric results was tested on 110 subjects using a detailed questionnaire and evaluation system. The results displayed an extremely low correlation even when subjects suspected of giving invalid responses were excluded. PMID- 3487535 TI - Alteration of human accessory cell function by heat treatment: role of IL-1 and class II MHC antigens. AB - Heat-treated monocytes (1 hr, 45 degrees C) cannot present soluble antigen or mitogen to purified autologous T cells. This is despite normal viability and normal expression of class II MHC antigens. They do not secrete IL-1 nor stimulate secretion of IL-2 by T cells. Addition of exogenous IL-1 or IL-2 does not, however, reconstitute the response to soluble antigen. Furthermore, even after overnight pulsing with antigen prior to heat treatment under circumstances in which the antigen is known to be appropriately processed, stimulation of T cell proliferation still does not occur. Thus there appear to be at least two discrete lesions produced by heating: failure of IL-1 production, per se, and intrinsic failure to present previously processed antigen. It is also hypothesized that heat treatment may produce alterations in Ia molecules which specifically disallow transduction of the proliferation signal to T cells. PMID- 3487533 TI - The effect of cytosine arabinoside upon mitochondrial staining kinetics in human hematopoietic cells. AB - The measurement of time correlated intracellular mitochondrial staining with 3,3' dipentyloxacarbocyanine [Di-O-C5(3)] appeared of interest to define the optimal staining conditions. Mitochondrial staining of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes results in different fluorescence signals, related to the numbers of mitochondria, that are present in the cells of these various cell types. Alterations of Di-O-C(5)3 staining in a distinct cell type are due to changes in the physiological or functional state of the mitochondria. It appeared that such alterations occur in cells, which are cultured in the presence of cytosine arabinoside. The effect of cytotoxic drugs upon the mitochondrial membrane potential may be relevance for the understanding of the mechanism of action, exerted by cytotoxic drugs upon cell biology. PMID- 3487536 TI - HLA and IgA deficiency in blood donors. AB - We have identified 67 IgA deficient healthy blood donors in our region by systematic screening of 24,782 blood samples. HLA typing results on 36 of these donors indicated a significant association with both HLA-A1 and HLA-B14 antigens. The frequency of A29 and B8 antigens was also increased. However, B8 association may be secondarily involved due to linkage disequilibrium (e.g., A1-B8-DR3). The frequency of HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 antigens was increased in the group of IgA deficient donors who developed anti-IgA antibodies (53.9%) compared to those who did not (26.1%). Although the sample size appears to be too small to show a statistical significance (chi 2 = 2.76, 0.05 less than p less than 0.1), this is the first report to imply a possible HLA association with anti-IgA antibody formation by IgA deficient healthy individuals. PMID- 3487537 TI - Numerical taxonomy of alpha-amylase producing Bacillus species. AB - A total of 134 alpha-amylase producing Bacillus isolates and 21 reference strains were divided into 12 groups according to their similarities (% SSM). Phenotypic characteristics determined by the API 20E and API 50CHB galleries, other biochemical tests and morphological characteristics were used for the numerical analysis. The API Computer Service identified 45% of the isolates. The amylase yields of 16 alpha-amylase hyperproducing (AHP) isolates were compared with those of seven amylolytic reference and type strains. The AHP isolates were related to Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and 'B. amyloliquefaciens'. PMID- 3487538 TI - Timentin and beta-lactamases. AB - Ticarcillin is resistant to the action of cephalosporinases, which explains its biological activity on a large number of bacterial species, including cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nevertheless, its antibacterial activity is often limited by the action of some beta-lactamases, mostly plasmid-mediated penicillinases. Clavulanic acid by itself has poor antibacterial activity, but its most important property is to inhibit and inactivate beta-lactamases. The inhibitory properties of clavulanic acid were studied on a large number of beta-lactamases. The penicillinases produced by Staphylococcus aureus, the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases such as the TEM-type, the chromosomally-mediated penicillinases from Klebsiella pneumoniae and other closely-related beta-lactamases, and a few chromosomally mediated cephalosporinases, such as that produced by Proteus vulgaris, are powerfully inhibited by clavulanic acid. The plasmid-mediated penicillinases of OXA type and most of the chromosomally-mediated cephalosporinases, such as that produced by Escherichia coli (Amp C), are less or poorly inhibited. Moreover, clavulanic acid has some cephalosporinase-inducing properties. These properties are in good agreement with the bacteriological properties of Timentin. PMID- 3487539 TI - Automated measurement of ciliary beat frequency. AB - Measurements of ciliary beat frequency using video images are dependent on observer interpretation. To obtain objective estimates of ciliary beat frequency from video-image sequences, a computer-based method was developed. Regions of interest of video-image sequences were selected and digitized. Variations in numerical values representing light intensity resulting from cilia beating were extracted and analyzed using autocorrelation techniques. The ciliary beat frequencies obtained for 14 in vitro experiments on ciliated cells or epithelium from the frog palate (Rana catesbeiana) over the range of frequencies 2-25 Hz correlated well with independent observer measurements (r = 0.979). The addition of such computer-based methods to video observer-based systems allows more objective and efficient determinations of ciliary beat frequency. PMID- 3487540 TI - Mutations affecting expression and maintenance of genes encoding the serotype b capsule of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Deletion mutagenesis analysis of a duplicated gene necessary for Haemophilus influenzae serotype b capsule expression showed that only one functional copy of this gene is required for capsule production and for virulence in infant rats. Mutant strains generated in this study differed from each other and from the parental strain in their ability to maintain the large tandem duplication which contains the genes involved in serotype b capsule expression. PMID- 3487542 TI - The hemoglobins of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. The structure of the beta chain of component C and the role of the alpha chain in the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds. AB - The adult bullfrog Rana catesbeiana has two major hemoglobin components, B and C. Component C polymerizes by disulfide bond formation between tetramers but component B does not. The amino acid sequence of the first 112 residues of the beta chain of component C has been reported (Baldwin, T. O., and Riggs, A. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6110-6118). We have completed the sequence of the beta chain of component C by determining the last 28 residues. This segment contains the 2 cysteinyl residues of the chain. Examination of models indicates that neither of these is in a readily accessible position for the formation of intertetramer disulfide bonds. Reactive sulfhydryl groups of the alpha chains are shown to be responsible for the initial formation of disulfide bonds between tetramers. The beta chains within the tetramers form disulfide bonds only when the hemoglobin molecules are subjected to prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C under oxygen. The beta chains of components B and C appear to be identical; the alpha chains are clearly quite different. This suggests that the alpha B and alpha C subunits interact in the association of the deoxygenated tetramers B and C to form what appears to be a BC2 molecule. PMID- 3487541 TI - Formation and metabolism of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate in liver. AB - The inositol lipid pools of isolated rat hepatocytes were labeled with [3H]myo inositol, stimulated maximally with vasopressin and the relative contents of [3H]inositol phosphates were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate accumulated rapidly (peak 20 s), while inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and a novel inositol phosphate (ascribed to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate) accumulated at a slower rate over 2 min. Incubation of hepatocytes with 10 mM Li+ prior to vasopressin addition selectively augmented the levels of inositol monophosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. A kinase was partially purified from liver and brain cortex which catalyzed an ATP-dependent phosphorylation of [3H]inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. Incubation of purified [3H]inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with diluted liver homogenate produced initially inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and subsequently inositol 1,3 bisphosphate, the formation of which could be inhibited by Li+. The data demonstrate that the most probable pathway for the formation of inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate is by 3-phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate by a soluble mammalian kinase. Degradation of both compounds occurs first by a Li+ insensitive 5-phosphatase and subsequently by a Li+-sensitive 4-phosphatase. The prolonged accumulation of both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate in vasopressin-stimulated hepatocytes suggest that they have separate second messenger roles, perhaps both relating to Ca2+-signalling events. PMID- 3487543 TI - Intranuclear degradation of the transformation-inducing protein encoded by avian MC29 virus. AB - The nuclear protein, p110, encoded by the avian MC29 virus degrades with a half life of 30 to 40 min in virus-transformed cells. Inhibitors of lysosomal proteolysis had no effect on this degradation. When inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis were added immediately after pulse-labeling the p110 with [35S]methionine, degradation was impeded. Treatment of cells with cycloheximide prior to, and after, the pulse extended the half-life of p110 further than post treatment alone, and addition of both actinomycin D and cycloheximide to cells pretreated with cycloheximide extended the half-life even further. In cells depleted of cellular ATP using a glucose-deficient medium containing oligomycin, degradation of p110 was only partially inhibited, indicating no direct involvement of ATP in degradation. Isolation of nuclei or nuclear matrices containing labeled p110, with subsequent incubation, resulted in minimal loss of p110 during several hours. These results suggest that p110 is degraded by a protease which is itself labile and freely diffusible from the nucleus, and, in addition, degradation may involve interaction of p110 with newly synthesized RNA. PMID- 3487544 TI - Role of electron transport in the regulation of the lyase activity of C21 side chain cleavage P-450 from porcine adrenal and testicular microsomes. AB - The C21 side-chain cleavage enzymes from porcine adrenal and testicular microsomes have been purified and shown to resemble each other very closely (Nakajin, S., Shinoda, M., Hanui, M., Shively, J.E., and Hall, P.F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3971-3976). We have investigated the reason for the low levels of lyase activity shown by adrenal microsomes as compared to testicular microsomes. Competition for substrate with 21-hydroxylase in adrenal microsomes was excluded by studies showing that antibodies to 21-hydroxylase do not increase lyase activity in spite of almost complete inhibition of 21-hydroxylation. Reconstitution of the purified testicular enzyme in lipids extracted from adrenal and testicular microsomes excluded a specific effect of lipids on lyase activity. On the other hand, addition of porcine hepatic P-450 reductase to microsomes from adrenal and testis increased the activity of lyase relative to hydroxylase. The same effect is seen when reductase is added to the pure enzymes. As the concentration of reductase increases, lyase activity increases relative to hydroxylase until the rates of the activities become almost equal. Vmax is the same for both activities (hydroxylase and lyase) of the two enzymes (6.3-6.5 nmol/min/nmol of P-450). Km for reductase is approximately the same for the hydroxylase activities (0.4-0.6 microM) and for the lyase activities (1.7-2.0 microM) of the two enzymes. Antibodies to reductase, when added to testicular microsomes, inhibit both activities, but inhibition of lyase is greater than that of hydroxylase. The enzyme activity of reductase in testicular microsomes is 3-4 times higher than that of adrenal microsomes (0.29 and 0.08 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively). These findings may account for the greater activity of lyase in testicular as opposed to adrenal microsomes. PMID- 3487545 TI - Initial steps in Haemophilus influenzae transformation. Donor DNA binding in the com10 mutant. AB - The com10 mutant of Haemophilus influenzae binds donor DNA reversibly, but is deficient in uptake. The DNA binding has all the characteristics of interaction with a protein receptor; it is saturable, reversible, and specific. However, binding specificity is 6-fold weaker in com10 than is uptake specificity in wild type. The binding of small (120 base pairs) and large (14,400 base pairs) DNA molecules were compared. For small molecules, binding data fitted a straight line by Scatchard analysis (Bmax = 4.8 DNA molecules/cell, Kd = 0.5 X 10(-9) M). In contrast, for large DNA molecules, the Scatchard plot was not linear. A high affinity binding (Kd = 0.4 X 10(-12) M) and a lower affinity binding (Kd = 1.2 X 10(-11) M) were found with a total number of 3 molecules bound per cell. In wild type cells, 3.2 large molecules were taken up per cell, whereas up to 40 small 120-base pair DNA fragments were taken up per cell. Uptake of small DNA molecules followed a Michaelis-Menten function with a Km of 0.5 X 10(-9) M and a maximal initial velocity of 1.5 molecules/cell/min at room temperature. For large DNA molecules, maximal initial velocity was approximately 2 molecules/cell/min at room temperature. The analysis of the binding and uptake data suggest to us that a receptor or a receptor complex is responsible for the uptake of either a single large DNA molecule or, successively, a number of small DNA molecules. PMID- 3487546 TI - NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase from ascites tumor cells. Purification and properties. AB - NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase is expressed in transformed or established mammalian cell lines in vitro but only in the developmental tissues of normal adult animals (Mejia, N. R. and MacKenzie, R. E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 14616-14620). The enzyme, which contains methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity as well, has been purified 6000 fold from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The preparation is homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (Mr = 34,000), and results from cross-linking with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate are consistent with a dimeric structure (Mr = 68,000) for the native bifunctional enzyme. The dehydrogenase is specific for NAD and requires both a divalent cation, Mg2+ or Mn2+, for activity and as well is stimulated by inorganic phosphate. When compared to the usual NADP-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from mouse liver, the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase activity of the murine tumor enzyme shows a greater affinity for the polyglutamate forms of folate. PMID- 3487547 TI - Combination of mitral and coronary artery surgery. AB - Between 1977 and 1984, 63 patients had an aortocoronary bypass combined with mitral valve surgery. The age of patients varied from 36-72 years. Patients were assigned to 2 groups depending on the aetiology of the mitral valve disease. In group A (42 patients) the aetiology was rheumatic or congenital, in group B (21 patients) the mitral disease was secondary to ischaemic heart disease. In all but one patients the mitral valve was replaced by a prosthesis. A similar number of bypass grafts ranging from 1 to 5 was done in each group. Hospital mortality was 2.3% (1 patient) for A and 9.5% (2 patients) for B. Major causes of morbidity were low cardiac output (5% for A and 4.8% for B), myocardial infarction (4.8% for B) as well as multiple organs failure (4.8% for B). Follow-up averaged 2.7 +/ 2.0 years (0.4-7 years). Linearized (%/patients-years) mortality was 2.6 and 4.9 for A and B, respectively. Thromboembolism occurred at a rate of 2.6 for A and 4.8 for B; myocardial infarction at a rate of 1.3 for A and 0 for B. Functional improvement was similar for the two groups (1.3 +/- 0.7 classes for A and 1.6 +/- 0.6 for B). Four-year actuarial survival was 0.93 and 0.73 for A and B, respectively. Although no significant difference could be found between groups A and B, it seems that attrition rate is somewhat more favourable for group A than B. The small increase in risk compared to the significant improvement supports the policy of the combined approach of mitral valve and ACBG surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487548 TI - [Submucous hematoma of the cecum under anticoagulant therapy]. AB - A patient developed an intramural hematoma of cecum as a result of indirect anticoagulant treatment. The case is remarkable with respect to the symptomatology and the very restricted extension of the lesion, these features probably resulting from a process of secondary infection. PMID- 3487549 TI - Interpretation of children's blood pressure using a physiologic height correction. AB - In a cross-sectional survey of 1834 black, Atlanta schoolchildren we corrected the customary blood pressure (BP) observations for the height of the arterial column extending from the BP cuff to the top (vertex) of the subject's head. Each cuff-to-vertex height was converted to its pressure equivalent in mmHg; then this pressure was subtracted from the observed BP to compute vertex-corrected BP values. The vertex-corrected mean arterial pressure (VMAP) ranged from 22.3 to 83.2 mmHg, but there was no estimated linear association between VMAP and age. For males, mean VMAP was 49.4 mmHg for ages 6-13 and 46.0 mmHg for ages 14-17. For females, mean VMAP was 50.2 mmHg for ages 6-17. Since VMAP appears to be independent of age in most of childhood, its use may simplify the development of pediatric BP reference values. VMAP can also serve as a non-invasive approximation of cerebral perfusion pressure. Investigators of primary hypertension may wish to use VMAP for comparing average BP levels between childhood groups which differ by potentially etiologic characteristics. PMID- 3487550 TI - Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and normal osteocalcin in elderly subjects. AB - The relationship among serum vitamin D metabolites, PTH, and osteocalcin concentrations was investigated in 20 elderly subjects. All except 2 had subnormal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Eighteen (90%) had subnormal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] concentrations, while 8 subjects (40%) had elevated PTH concentrations. There was a highly significant inverse relationship between PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations. Serum osteocalcin concentrations were not elevated in any subject, and in fact, the mean osteocalcin concentration was in the lower part of the normal range. These data indicate no compensatory increase in 1,25-(OH)2D in response to secondary hyperparathyroidism and no increase in osteocalcin in response to hypersecretion of PTH in the elderly. These 2 defects may contribute to the bone disease of the elderly. PMID- 3487551 TI - The detection of a common idiotype of anti-DNA antibodies in the sera of patients with monoclonal gammopathies. AB - The sera of 265 patients with monoclonal gammopathies were examined for the presence of a dominant idiotype of the anti-DNA antibody [16/6 idiotype (Id)] and for anti-DNA activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a rabbit anti-16/6 antibody revealed 23 (8.7%) sera that contained increased concentrations of the idiotype. Seven of the patients had benign monoclonal gammopathy, three multiple myeloma, three Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, five essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, and five monoclonal cryoglobulinemia. In 5 of the 23 sera, antinuclear activity was also noted. In 11 of the 16/6 Id-positive sera the anti-nucleic acid antibody reactions were found to be polyspecific, reacting with polydeoxythymidilic acid and polyinosinic acid, in addition to single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. Similar results were achieved with the purified serum monoclonal components. The specificity of the idiotype analysis was demonstrated with an unrelated dominant idiotype of anti-HBsAg antibody. In none of the patients, except one (with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia), was lupus symptomatology noted. PMID- 3487552 TI - Incubation time, second blind passage, and cost considerations in the isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - In a group of 247 symptomatic and asymptomatic women, 75 (30.3%) were found to harbour Trichomonas vaginalis; 39 (52%) infections were detected by wet mount and 36 (48%) were detected by culture only. Of the latter, 27 produces a positive culture in 3 days or less and 9 were positive, on average, at day 6. The break even cost of culture was $6.75 per patient. Among 70 wet mount-negative, primary culture-negative specimens that received a blind passage, another 3 (4.2%) positive cultures were detected. PMID- 3487553 TI - Associated mortality and clinical characteristics of nosocomial Pseudomonas maltophilia in a university hospital. AB - We studied the spectrum of clinical disease in 99 patients with nosocomial Pseudomonas maltophilia isolates at the University of Virginia Hospital from 1981 through 1984. The annual rate of isolation increased from 7.1 to 14.1 per 10,000 patient discharges. A crude mortality rate of 43% was documented in all patients from whom the organism was cultured, and the data include 12 patients with nosocomial bacteremia (four deaths). Risk factors associated with death for patients having a P. maltophilia isolate included the following: requirement for care in any intensive care unit during hospitalization (P = 0.0001), patient age over 40 years (P = 0.002), and a pulmonary source for the P. maltophilia isolate (P = 0.003). All P. maltophilia isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 60% of the isolates were resistant to all aminoglycosides (amikacin, tobramycin, and gentamicin), and more than 75% of the isolates were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern allows for a niche exploitable in the hospital microbial environment by an organism with a marked associated mortality. PMID- 3487555 TI - Development of an assay for in vivo human neutrophil elastase activity. Increased elastase activity in patients with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency. AB - Leukocyte extracts contain enzymes that digest fibrinogen and release a fibrinopeptide A-containing fragment. This study was undertaken to identify the responsible proteinase and to characterize the fibrinopeptide A-containing fragment so that it could be used as an index of enzyme activity. Both the fibrinogenolytic activity and the release of the fibrinopeptide A-containing fragment mediated by the leukocyte extracts were shown to be due to human neutrophil elastase (HNE) by the following criteria: activity was completely blocked by a specific HNE inhibitor or by adsorbing HNE from the extracts with a monospecific antibody and reconstitution with purified HNE restored the ability to release the fibrinopeptide A-containing fragment. This fragment was not released by a variety of other proteinases or by HNE-inhibitor complexes indicating that, at least with respect to the enzymes tested, it is a specific product of HNE and its release requires the free enzyme. By separating the products of HNE digestion of fibrinogen using high performance liquid chromatography, identifying the immunoreactive fractions and subjecting them to amino acid analysis, the fragment was identified as A alpha 1-21, indicating an HNE cleavage site at the Val(A alpha 21)-Glu(A alpha 22) bond. The mean plasma A alpha 1-21 level was markedly higher in patients with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency as compared to healthy controls (0.2 nM vs. 7.9 nM; P less than 0.0001), consistent with increased in vivo HNE activity in these individuals. PMID- 3487557 TI - Natural history of periodontal disease in man. Rapid, moderate and no loss of attachment in Sri Lankan laborers 14 to 46 years of age. AB - This paper describes the initiation, rate of progress of periodontal disease and consequent tooth loss in a population never exposed to any programs or incidents relative to prevention and treatment of dental diseases. The group consisted of 480 male laborers at two tea plantations in Sri Lanka. The study design and baseline data have been published. At the initial examination in 1970, the age of the participants ranged between 14 and 31 years. Subsequent examinations occurred in 1971, 1973, 1977, 1982 and 1985. Thus, the study covers the age range 14-46 years. Throughout the study, the clinical indices were scored by the same two examiners, both well-trained and experienced periodontitis. Intra-examiner reproducibility for each index was tested at baseline and repeated periodically during the study. The data for each examination were computerized and updated on an ongoing basis. At the last examination in 1985, there were 161 individuals who had participated in the first survey. This population did not perform any conventional oral hygiene measures and consequently displayed quite uniformly large aggregates of plaque, calculus and stain on their teeth. Virtually all gingival units exhibited inflammation. Based on interproximal loss of attachment and tooth mortality rates, three subpopulations were identified: (1) individuals (approximately 8%) with rapid progression of periodontal disease (RP), those (approximately 81%) with moderate progression (MP), and a group (approximately 11%) who exhibited no progression (NP) of periodontal disease beyond gingivitis. At 35 years of age, the mean loss of attachment in the RP group was approximately 9 mm, the MP group had approximately 4 mm and the NP group had less than 1 mm loss of attachment. At the age of 45 years, the mean loss of attachment in the RP group was approximately 13 mm and the MP group approximately 7 mm. The annual rate of destruction in the RP group varied between 0.1 and 1.0 mm, in the MP group between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, and in the NP group between 0.05 and 0.09 mm. Since this population was virtually caries free, essentially all missing teeth were lost due to periodontal disease. In the RP group, tooth loss already occurred at 20 years of age and increased throughout the next 25 years. At 35 years of age, 12 teeth had been lost, at 40 years of age 20 teeth were missing and at 45 all teeth were lost. In the MP groups, tooth mortality started after 30 years of age and increased throughout the decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3487556 TI - Characterization of a variant prekallikrein, prekallikrein Long Beach, from a family with mixed cross-reacting material-positive and cross-reacting material negative prekallikrein deficiency. AB - Studies of plasma prekallikrein in a family with prekallikrein deficiency were made. Three children had no clotting activity but approximately 35% antigen levels, and the mother and five children had twice as much prekallikrein antigen as clotting activity, suggesting the presence of a dysfunctional molecule. A nonfunctional variant form of prekallikrein was purified that contained no prekallikrein clotting activity. The variant and normal molecules were both 80,000 mol wt, immunologically indistinguishable and complexed similarly with high molecular weight kininogen. Isoelectric focusing studies suggested a difference of one charged amino acid residue. The variant was cleaved by beta Factor XIIa 200 times slower than the normal molecule, and no amidolytic activity was detected for the cleaved variant. These data and other observations suggest that an amino acid was substituted in the variant near the NH2-terminal end of the kallikrein light chain resulting in slower cleavage by beta-Factor XIIa and the absence of enzymatic activity. PMID- 3487554 TI - Production of bone-resorbing activity and colony-stimulating activity in vivo and in vitro by a human squamous cell carcinoma associated with hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. AB - A squamous cell carcinoma of 33-yr-old patient who developed marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia was transplanted into nude mice in which more marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia also developed. This tumor (LJC-1-JCK) produced a colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and formed a cyst in the tumor from which a CSF producing cell line (T3M-1) was established. The CSF causes predominantly formation of granulocytic colonies in addition to macrophage colonies. Bone resorbing activity (BRA) was detected in the cystic fluid and was eluted as two separate peaks with proteins of an apparent molecular weight of 30,000-50,000 and 10,000-20,000. Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was eluted at an apparent 30,000 mol wt. The conditioned medium of the T3M-1 cells also contained a BRA with an apparent 14,000 mol wt, whereas CSA eluted at an apparent 30,000 mol wt. PTH, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, prostaglandin Es, and vitamin D could not account for the powerful BRA. In contrast to CSA, BRA was not inactivated by trypsin and more stable at 70 degrees C. When T3M-1 cells were transplanted into nude mice, marked hypercalcemia developed in addition to granulocytosis. Our findings suggest that the tumor produces and secretes a powerful BRA in vivo and in vitro, which is different from CSA in terms of molecular weight, heat stability, and trypsin treatment. We speculate that the synergistic action of CSF that stimulates macrophage colony formation and recruits osteoclast precursors, and BRA, which stimulates mononuclear phagocytes and/or osteoclasts were responsible for a marked increase in osteoclastic bone resorption and humoral hypercalcemia in the patient. PMID- 3487558 TI - Stimulation of T-cellular immunity by cutaneous application of dinitrochlorobenzene. PMID- 3487559 TI - Potassium para-aminobenzoate and liver function test findings. AB - Risk of hepatotoxicity has been raised with respect to potassium para aminobenzoate (Potaba) therapy. In this regard relevant clinical and laboratory hepatic findings in the hospital records of 390 scleroderma patients were analyzed. There were 274 patients who had received potassium para-aminobenzoate at some time and 116 who never received it. No instance was found in which potassium para-aminobenzoate was the cause of an acute hepatic hypersensitivity reaction. There were random or intercurrent abnormalities in hepatic test findings over time, but these actually occurred more often in the group of patients never treated with potassium para-aminobenzoate. Further, there was no evidence that long-term potassium para-aminobenzoate therapy is hepatotoxic. These findings suggest that acute hepatic reaction to potassium para aminobenzoate is at least uncommon if not rare. PMID- 3487560 TI - Determinants of bacterial replication rates in mastitic whey. AB - Bacterial growth was measured by a turbidimetric microtechnique in the whey of milk samples from quarters of cows with subclinical mastitis. Samples were grouped according to bacterial isolates recovered and the effects of bacterial species and whey on bacterial growth rates were analysed. Different strains of bacteria and different whey samples gave highly significant differences in bacterial replication rates. Except for penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, bacteria grew better in whey from mastitic milk where the inflammation was caused by the same bacterial species than in other mastitic milk samples. Inflammation caused by major pathogens generally enhanced the growth in whey of any type of major pathogen. Since mastitis pathogens showed enhanced growth in whey prepared from the same milk from which they were isolated, specific antibacterial factors in the whey did not appear to restrict bacterial growth in whey. The nutritional quality of the medium seems to be the important determinant of bacterial growth. PMID- 3487561 TI - Evaluation of urea and dried whey in diets of cows during early lactation. AB - Thirty-three Holstein cows were fed one of three concentrate mixtures supplemented with all protein (soybean meal), 1% urea, or 1% urea and 30% dried whey from wk 3 through 16 postpartum. Total mixed rations contained 40% (dry matter basis) corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, and 50% concentrate mixture. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous at 16% crude protein, but soluble nitrogen was formulated to be approximately 23, 30, and 42% of total nitrogen. Milk yield was similar (33.8, 33.4, and 33.2 kg/d) for cows fed the three diets, whereas production of 4% fat-corrected milk (29.9, 28.0, and 29.2 kg/d) and solids corrected milk (30.3, 28.6, and 29.6 kg/d) was higher for cows fed soybean meal and urea-dried whey. Milk fat percentages (3.23, 2.94, and 3.23%) were lower when cows were fed urea, but milk protein (3.10, 3.04, and 3.04%) and solids-not-fat (8.74, 8.79, and 8.81%) were not affected by diet. Dry matter intakes (22.0, 20.2, and 23.1 kg/d) were highest for cows fed urea-dried whey and lowest for cows fed urea. Molar percentages of ruminal acetate (56.6, 50.3, and 50.2%) were highest for cows fed soybean meal, propionate (24.8, 28.6, and 25.0%) was highest for cows fed urea, and butyrate (13.6, 14.4, and 18.4%) was highest for cows fed urea-dried whey. Concentrations of ruminal ammonia (11.8, 20.3, and 13.5 mg/dl) and serum urea (19.5, 22.9, and 16.5 mg/dl) were highest for cows fed urea. Utilization of urea nitrogen for milk production was improved by adding dried whey to diets of early lactation cows. PMID- 3487562 TI - A discriminant rule for screening cases of diverse diagnostic types: preliminary results. PMID- 3487564 TI - An improved protocol for the use of troleandomycin (TAO) in the treatment of steroid-requiring asthma. AB - An improved protocol was developed for the use of troleandomycin (TAO) in severe, steroid-requiring subjects with asthma. Compared to previous reports, this protocol uses a lower starting dose of TAO and a rapid steroid taper. Fifteen patients were treated with TAO following the new guidelines. Steroid requirements in the 15 patients dropped by 68% within 2 weeks, and 13 of the 15 patients were able to be maintained on alternate day steroids. In spite of rapid steroid taper, both FEV1 and mean FVC increased significantly (p less than 0.001). There was a low incidence of side effects and, in contrast to previous reports on TAO, no patient had even a transient increase in cushingoid appearance. Glucose intolerance was observed initially in three patients but resolved with continued steroid taper. Transient liver-enzyme elevation was noted in four patients and in each case reversed with a reduction in TAO dosage. The revised protocol is associated with an improved risk-benefit ratio. New guidelines are presented for the use of TAO in severe steroid-requiring subjects with asthma. PMID- 3487563 TI - Lack of responsiveness of beekeeper mononuclear cells to in vitro stimulation with pure bee venom. AB - Lymphocyte proliferation activity after in vitro bee venom (BV) stimulation was examined in a group of patients allergic to bee stings and in a group of beekeepers. Although the allergic patients responded strongly to increasing doses of BV, the beekeepers demonstrated no proliferative activity and an inability to produce interleukin-2 after BV stimulation. Removal of adherent cells or various populations of suppressor cells, including T gamma cells and OKT8 positive cells, did not influence the cellular unresponsiveness of cells of beekeepers after BV stimulation. Furthermore, cells of beekeepers, when they were trypsinized or when they were preincubated for 72 hours, did not proliferate after BV challenge. It is concluded that the lack of proliferation of lymphocytes of beekeepers and the inability to produce interleukin-2 is not due to a suppressor mechanism or to the presence of anti-idiotype antibodies coating the surface of lymphocytes of beekeepers. The mechanism behind the failure of cells of beekeepers to proliferate remains unclear. PMID- 3487565 TI - Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in the elderly. PMID- 3487566 TI - Slit ventricles and shunt malfunction in an elderly patient. A case report. PMID- 3487567 TI - Incidence of physical restraints on acute general medical wards. AB - On four acute medical wards 1292 patients were observed over 15 weeks to determine how frequently physical restraints were used. Patients were divided into age groups of less than 40 years, 40 to 55 years, 56 to 69 years, and 70 years and older. Ninety-five patients were found to be restrained giving an overall incidence of 7.4%. As expected, patients 70 years of age and older were restrained more frequently (20.3%) than younger patients, with the lowest incidence (2.9%) occurring in those 40 to 55 years of age. In each age group the patients who were restrained had a length of stay more than twice as long as their unrestrained counterparts. Twelve percent of the restrained patients died, which was nearly one-half of all the patients who died during the period of the study. The findings suggest a probable relationship between the severity of an illness and the use of physical restraints. PMID- 3487568 TI - Seasonal variations in the level of immunoglobulins and serum proteins of children differing by exposure to air-borne lead. AB - A semicohort of children, initial age about 11.5 years, from an exposure area near a secondary lead smelting plant (E group children) was examined for some humoral immune response parameters in the blood and saliva and compared to a group of control children matched by age living in a relatively unpolluted rural area (Co group children). All examinations were performed every autumn and spring over a period of 2 successive years, and the data included in the final analysis were only from children who had completed at least 3 of the 4 examination series performed. To sum up, children from area E showed a clearcut elevation of mean blood lead (Pb) levels with marked seasonal fluctuations peaking in spring; Pb levels in the blood of Co group children had no such season-related fluctuation patterns and tended to slightly decline over the two years of observation. Delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratases (ALAD) levels in area E were of distinctly lower mean values than in area Co, but no correlation with mean blood Pb levels could be observed. Levels of IgG were more or less inversely correlative with Pb levels in both sexes, levels of IgM showed a distinct downward trend in E group children at all samplings. Total serum protein (SP) levels of children from area E showed a reverse correlation with plumbemia, secretory IgA (sIgA) concentrations showed a decrease in E group children of both sexes, but the values tended to converge with control values. Levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A 1-AT) showed marked season related fluctuation patterns in Co children, the curves in E group children turned steeply upward from the third examination series on. Ceruloplasmin (CPL) levels in E group children had a clearcut upward trend at three subsequent blood samplings, the curves in Co group children continued to drop. Children from area E showed markedly higher frequency rates of abnormal values than did children from Co area. PMID- 3487569 TI - Beta-lactamase producing Haemophili occurrence in clinical materials and carriage in healthy children. AB - Beta-lactamase production was investigated in 126 H. influenzae and 15 H. parainfluenzae strains isolated in various infections. In H. influenzae the rate of beta-lactamase positive strains was 5.6%, in non-encapsulated strains it was higher (9.7%) than in capsule bearing strains (3.1%). Among beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae strains biotype II was predominant, whereas biotype I prevailed in beta-lactamase positive strains of H. parainfluenzae. A study undertaken in 101 children of a day-care nursery revealed 16.8% carriers of beta lactamase producing Haemophili. Among the isolated strains we found the double number of H. parainfluenzae than H. influenzae strains showing beta-lactamase activity. This result supports the hypothesis of H. parainfluenzae being the reservoir of resistances plasmids in Haemophili. PMID- 3487570 TI - Direct stimulation of T lymphocytes by antigen-conjugated beads. AB - To examine T lymphocyte recognition of foreign antigen, specific responses to the photoreactive antigen N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate (HSAB) were determined by using an HSAB/I-Ad-reactive murine T cell hybridoma. It was found that covalent coupling of HSAB to aminoethyl polyacrylamide beads at particular densities directly activated the T cells for IL 2 production, and beads conjugated at higher or lower doses of HSAB were nonstimulatory. This stimulation was specific for the phenyl ring composition of HSAB and for HSAB-reactive T cells. In addition, T cell activation by HSAB-coupled beads was specifically inhibited by soluble monomeric HSAB-glycine. These results indicate that HSAB specific T cells may be directly stimulated by insolubilized HSAB in the absence of Ia antigens, suggesting direct T cell binding of foreign antigen. PMID- 3487571 TI - The monoclonal antibodies Trop-4 and 4F2 detect the same membrane antigen that is expressed at an early stage of lymphocyte activation and is retained on secondary lymphocytes. AB - The monoclonal antibodies Trop-4 and 4F2 recognize cell surface antigens present on peripheral blood monocytes, activated lymphocytes, and on continuous cell lines, but not on resting lymphocytes in blood. The membrane antigens detected by antibodies Trop-4 and 4F2 were compared by serial immunoprecipitations from membrane lysates of surface labeled T lymphoid cells and by parallel polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. It is shown that both to these antibodies recognize the heavy subunit of the heterodimeric membrane complex of an 85,000 m.w. glycoprotein disulphide linked to a light subunit of 41,000 m.w. The kinetics of the expression of the antigen was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on peripheral blood T lymphocytes during blast transformation induced by concanavalin A in vitro and during reversion of the lymphocytes back to small "secondary" lymphocytes. Upon activation of T lymphocytes with concanavalin A, the first blast cells staining with the antibodies appear within 6 hr after the initiation of the culture. After 18 hr, all blast cells displayed strong expression of the antigen. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea treatment did not affect the early blast transformation and the expression of the antigen. When the mitogen-induced blast cells reverted back to small secondary lymphocytes during prolonged culturing for up to 18 days, these cells retained the expression of the antigen detected by antibodies Trop-4 and 4F2, whereas another membrane marker of activation, the transferrin receptor, rapidly disappeared. These findings demonstrate a phenotypical difference between primed, secondary T lymphocytes and resting, unstimulated cells. PMID- 3487572 TI - Partial restoration of the lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferative response in splenic B cells from C3H/HeJ mice. AB - C3H/HeJ mice are hyporesponsive to the biologic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and their splenic B cells do not proliferate after exposure to LPS. The molecular basis of this hyporesponsiveness is unknown but it may result from defective membrane signal transduction after LPS binding. To examine this possibility, we added bioactive compounds in combination with LPS to C3H/HeJ B cell cultures in order to bypass the putative defect. The addition of PMA, monensin, or ionomycin, either alone or in combination, had no effect on C3H/HeJ B cell responses to LPS. In contrast, the addition of trypsin together with LPS resulted in a partial restoration of the proliferative response in C3H/HeJ splenic B lymphocytes. The maximal C3H/HeJ B cell response varied from 25 to 60% of the C3Heb/FeJ (LPS responder) B cell response. The trypsin-mediated enhancement of the LPS response was abrogated by pretreatment of the trypsin with the trypsin inhibitors DFP or TLCK. Pretreatment of the LPS with polymyxin B, which blocks lipid A-dependent reactions, also abrogated the trypsin effect. Because the C3H/HeJ B cell responds to all other B cell mitogens, we suggest that the defect is in an LPS-specific step and that the action of trypsin results in the restoration of the missing signal. At the present time the identity of this signal is not known, but the experiments described in this report provide a unique model to elucidate the basis of LPS hyporesponsiveness in splenic B cells from C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 3487573 TI - Changes in phospholipid metabolism during B lymphocyte activation. AB - We have examined phospholipid metabolism in murine B lymphocytes stimulated with anti-Ig bound to Sepharose. T cell-depleted splenic B lymphocytes cultured with Sepharose-coupled, affinity-purified goat anti-mouse Ig (GAMIg) increased the incorporation of 32PO4 into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol within 3 hr and increased [3H]-thymidine uptake at 48 hr. No increase in labeling was observed in phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylserine. Based on both negative and positive selection procedures, it was demonstrated that these responses occurred in B lymphocytes. In contrast to the thymidine uptake response of the GAMIg-stimulated B lymphocytes, the phospholipid response did not require the presence of accessory cells or exogenous cytokines. The same selective changes in phospholipid metabolism were observed in neoplastic B lymphocytes (BCL1) after treatment with Sepharose anti-mu, but not with Sepharose anti-Ia or Sepharose normal Ig. The dose-response relationships of 32PO4 incorporation into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol and [3H] thymidine uptake were nearly identical in BCL1 cells. The results of these experiments indicate that interaction of B lymphocytes with insolubilized anti-Ig results in prompt and selective changes in phospholipid metabolism that appear to be correlated with B lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 3487574 TI - Evaluation of sequential glomerular eluates from rats with Heymann nephritis. AB - This study was undertaken to characterize the antigen-antibody content of sequential glomerular eluates from rats with Heymann nephritis. Serum and renal tissue were harvested every 2 wk after immunization with renal tubular antigen (Fx1A). Circulating antibody to the tubular antigen was detectable in the circulation from days 7 to 98. Direct immunofluorescence of renal tissue demonstrated an increase in IgG deposits through day 49 with stabilization thereafter. Tubular antigen deposits peaked at day 49 and then declined. One-hour and 3-hr acid eluates of isolated glomeruli were analyzed for IgG content, antibody specificity, and antigen content. Antibody from the 1-hr eluate bound to the tubular brush border but not the glomerulus, whereas the 3-hr eluate demonstrated binding to the glomerulus and not to the tubular brush border. In addition to rat IgG, the 1-hr eluate demonstrated a 70 kD band and the 3-hr eluate demonstrated a 45 kD band by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By Western blot, antibody to the brush border bound to the 70 kD band. Anti idiotypic antibody to anti-Fx1A, which binds to the glomerulus by indirect immunofluorescence, bound to the 45 kD band. The 3-hr eluate, but not the 1-hr eluate, precipitates radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments from anti-Fx1A antibody but not from normal rat IgG. Quantitative analysis of the sequential eluates demonstrated that the 70 kD-anti-Fx1A system predominated early in the course of disease, whereas the 45 kD-anti-idiotype antigen-antibody system predominated late in the course of the disease. These observations confirm that two antigen antibody systems contribute to the immune deposits in Heymann nephritis. PMID- 3487575 TI - A suppressive lymphokine of platelet cytotoxic functions. AB - The in vitro stimulation of mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood with mitogens is known to induce the release of factors (monokines and lymphokines) that possess distinct biologic activities. The present data describe the presence in Con A- and antigen-stimulated T cell supernatants (of man or rat) of a factor able to inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the platelet cytotoxicity toward the young larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. The production of oxygen metabolites by IgE coated platelets, stimulated by anti-IgE or the specific antigen, was, likewise, strongly inhibited by this lymphokine. The producing T lymphocyte subpopulation was identified as OKT 8+. This suppressive lymphokine of platelet functions had an m.w. of 15,000 to 20,000 and a pI of 4.6. It was heat- and acid-stable and sensitive to trypsin and proteinase K, but neuraminidase had no effect on its activity. This platelet suppressive activity was specifically absorbed by platelet membrane, suggesting its action through the binding to a receptor. PMID- 3487576 TI - Production and characterization of a murine monoclonal IgM antibody to human C1q receptor (C1qR). AB - A hybridoma cell line that produces a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to cell surface C1q receptor (C1qR) has been produced by fusion of the P3 X 63-Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cell line with the spleen cells of a CD-1 mouse that had been hyperimmunized with viable Raji cell suspensions (5 X 10(7) cells/inoculum). This MAb, designated II1/D1, is an IgM antibody with lambda-light chain specificity. Radiolabeled or unlabeled, highly purified II1/D1 was used to determine that: this antibody competes for C1q binding sites on C1qR-bearing cells; the molecule recognized by this MAb is the C1qR; and cells that are known to bind C1q also bind II1/D1 in a specific manner. Western blot analysis of solubilized Raji, or U937 cell membranes, showed that the 125I-MAb detected a major protein band of approximately 85,000 m.w. in its unreduced state, indicating that the C1qR is similar, if not identical, in both types of cells. Analyses of 125I-II1/D1 binding experiments revealed that the antibody bound to Raji cells or U937 cells in a specific manner. Uptake of the antibody was saturable, with equilibrium virtually attained within 35 min. Scatchard analysis of the binding data using the intact MAb suggests that the affinity constant KD is 2.9 X 10(-10) M, and at apparent saturation, 24.6 ng of the antibody were bound per 2 X 10(6) cells, giving an estimated 7.8 X 10(3) antibody molecules bound per cell. That the II1/D1 antibody is specifically directed to the C1q was further evidenced by an ELISA in which the ability of C1qR-bearing cells to bind the MAb was abrogated by c-C1q in a specific and dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the II1/D1 is a specific antibody directed against the C1q and can be a useful tool in studying the biologic interaction of human C1q with its receptors on a variety of cells. PMID- 3487577 TI - C1s-induced vascular permeability in C2-deficient guinea pigs. AB - Normal guinea pigs that have been intradermally injected with C1s exhibit increased vascular permeability at the injection site. Guinea pigs that are genetically deficient in complement component C2 do not exhibit increased vascular permeability when given a similar injection. The C2-deficient guinea pigs respond normally to injections of bradykinin and kallikrein, suggesting that these animals can respond to kinins and have a normal kininogen pathway. When the C2-deficient guinea pigs are given guinea pig C2 before C1s injection, increased vascular permeability is observed. These results demonstrate a definite requirement for complement component C2 in the generation of C1s-induced vascular permeability. PMID- 3487579 TI - K562 killing by K, IL 2-responsive NK, and T cells involves different effector cell post-binding trigger mechanisms. AB - The monoclonal antibody 13.3 specifically blocks the trigger process of the NK K562 cytolytic sequence at a post-binding effector cell level. This antibody was used to define differences in the lytic trigger processes of NK and other mechanisms of K562 lysis. Monoclonal antibody 13.3 inhibited lysis of K562 target cells by freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL), but had no inhibitory effect on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to K562 by these effectors. Lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) to this target cell was also unresponsive to 13.3. The 13.3 induced inhibition of NK-K562 lytic activity persisted when PBL were activated in culture with interleukin 2 (IL 2) for periods up to 48 hr. After 48 hr of culture, the degree of inhibition diminished progressively in medium containing fetal calf serum but not in medium containing autologous serum. This 13.3 unresponsive lytic activity in cultured PBL could be attributed to more than one cell type and was present in both the LGL and Fc gamma receptor-depleted T cell fraction. Thus, K562 lysis by freshly isolated human lymphocytes via NK, K, and LDCC mechanisms is characterized by heterogeneity of the post-binding effector cell trigger mechanism. K562 lysis by lymphocytes cultured with IL 2 is similarly heterogeneous. PMID- 3487578 TI - Suppressive effect of cyclosporin A on the development of Leishmania tropica induced lesions in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. AB - The effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) application on the development of cutaneous lesions was analyzed in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice infected s.c. with Leishmania tropica promastigotes. Daily i.p. injections of CyA, beginning 2 days before or at the day of the infection, dose dependently inhibited the development of parasite-induced lesions; no effect on the lesions was observed, however, if CyA application was started 14 days after the infection. Cessation of CyA administration after having successfully suppressed the cutaneous lesions for a period of 42 days, resulted in the development of lesions within 3 days. CyA had no inhibitory effect on lesions developing in L. tropica infected hypothymic BALB/c nu/nu mice. CyA or CyA-containing mouse serum did not directly affect the viability and the growth rate of L. tropica promastigotes, suggesting that the effect of the agent was imposed on the cells participating in the formation of the cutaneous lesions. Quantitative analysis of the cell distribution in the spleens of infected mice revealed that CyA markedly suppressed the infection associated numerical increase of splenocytes. Within the Thy-1+ lymphocyte compartment, CyA had its most pronounced effect on the Lyt-1+ T lymphocyte subset. Early in the disease, the frequency of splenic cells proliferating in response to L. tropica antigen in vitro was clearly inhibited by CyA; in the later stages of the infection, however, this effect could not be observed, indicating the presence of L. tropica-inducible T cells being relatively resistant to CyA. Taken together, our findings indicate that CyA reversibly inhibits or delays the parasite-induced expansion of Lyt-1+ splenic T lymphocytes, and thus suppresses the biological function of those T cells that are instrumental for the formation of cutaneous lesions in L. tropica-infected BALB/c mice. PMID- 3487580 TI - Selective immunomodulation by the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone. I. Suppression of B lymphocyte function. AB - Novantrone mitoxantrone, an antineoplastic agent with antiproliferative properties, is under investigation as an immunomodulating agent. The impact of mitoxantrone treatment on B lymphocyte reactivity is presented here. Administered i.p. in H2O at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, daily for 14 days, mitoxantrone abrogated both the in vivo antibody response (to ovalbumin) and the in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response (to SRC). In addition to the effects on thymus-dependent reactivity, PFC responses to the thymus-independent antigens TNP-LPS and TNP Ficoll were also inhibited when tested in vivo or in vitro. B cells were identified as a target for the suppressive activity of mitoxantrone by using T cell-replacing factor to reconstitute the in vitro anti-SRC PFC response of a T lymphocyte-depleted spleen cell preparation. LPS-induced B cell mitogenesis was largely inhibited by mitoxantrone treatment. However, depletion of Sephadex G-10 adherent cells significantly restored the proliferative response. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a dramatic decrease in splenic B lymphocyte content. Therefore, mitoxantrone exerted a potent suppressive influence on the humoral immune system through a direct reduction in B cell number augmented by macrophage-mediated inhibition of B cell proliferation. PMID- 3487581 TI - B lymphocytes are required for the generation of T cells that mediate healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - The role that B lymphocytes and/or antibodies play in the healing of Leishmania major infections in genetically resistant C3H/HeN mice was investigated by monitoring the course of infection in animals that had been B cell depleted by treatment from birth with anti-IgM sera (mu-suppressed). L. major infection of mu suppressed C3H/HeN mice produced lesions that were significantly larger than those induced in control animals, and failed to heal. Moreover, vaccinated mu suppressed mice also developed chronic nonhealing infections, although their lesions were initially smaller than those developed by nonvaccinated mu suppressed controls. The enhanced susceptibility of mu-suppressed mice could be completely overcome by adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from mice that had spontaneously healed their lesions, and to a lesser extent by T lymphocytes from normal animals. Anti-leishmanial antibody responses were completely absent in mu suppressed mice, regardless of whether they were lymphocyte reconstituted, whereas delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to leishmanial antigens was present in normal and mu-suppressed animals. The ability of immune T cells to protect mu suppressed mice without restoring humoral responsiveness clearly indicates that antibodies are not necessary for healing leishmanial infections. Instead, the observed effect of mu-suppression argues that B lymphocytes are required for the generation of an effector T cell population, apparently unrelated to DTH, which mediates the healing of cutaneous lesions. These results thus provide the first evidence for the B cell and/or Ig dependency of a T cell population that is critical for the development of immunity against a microbial agent. PMID- 3487582 TI - T cell receptor gene expression in autoimmune mice. AB - Autoimmunity in mice with the lpr/lpr and gld/gld genotypes is accompanied by profound lymphadenopathy characterized by the presence of a massive expansion of an unusual T cell subset. The abnormal lymph node T cells were found to express TcR beta and TcR alpha transcripts of expected sizes. There was a 10-fold increase in the 1.3-kb TcR beta transcript and a twofold increase in TcR alpha gene expression, even though Thy-1 expression was in general similar to controls. A study of T cell receptor expression during ontogeny failed to reveal any striking differences between lpr/lpr and congenic mice. There was a strong correlation between TcR beta expression and c-myb expression; however, there was no necessary association of TcR beta and c-myb expression when various T cell lines were examined. Background genes were found to influence the expression of T cell receptor genes in lpr/lpr mice. AKR-lpr/lpr lymph node cells, but not cells from other lpr/lpr mice or AKR +/+ mice, had the predominance of the 1.0-kb TcR beta transcript, which represents the nonfunctional D-J TcR beta rearrangements. Lymph nodes from MRL-lpr/lpr mice, but not C57BL/6-lpr/lpr or AKR-lpr/lpr mice, were found to express small amounts of the TcR gamma transcript. In addition, MRL lpr/lpr but not C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice had an age-related decrease in thymic TcR beta expression along with a decrease in thymic c-myb expression. The current study extends the characterization of T cell gene expression abnormalities in peripheral T cells of gld/gld and lpr/lpr and describes certain similarities of these cells to immature thymocytes at a molecular level. Furthermore, it illustrates the complex interactions between "background genes" and genes responsible for lymphoproliferation, which in concert lead to specific molecular and cellular abnormalities. PMID- 3487583 TI - Structure, sequence, and polymorphism of the Lyt-2 T cell differentiation antigen gene. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of the mouse Lyt-2 T lymphocyte differentiation antigen gene. This gene consists of five exons and four introns, and the organization roughly parallels the protein domains. Alternative splicing to include or exclude exon IV (encoding part of the cytoplasmic tail) results in two forms of mRNA and accounts for the difference in size between the alpha- and alpha'-chains of Lyt-2. The gene structure provides further evidence for the evolutionary relationship between Lyt-2 and immunoglobulin genes. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the Lyt-2.1 and Lyt-2.2 alleles shows a high degree of conservation, but indicates that a single nucleotide change and consequent amino acid substitution in the variable region like domain accounts for the serologic difference between these two alleles. PMID- 3487584 TI - Construction of human-mouse T cell hybrids that express human T cell-associated surface antigens and allow the chromosomal localization of these antigens. AB - We have constructed somatic cell hybrids between the murine T cell line BW5147 and cells from patients suffering from T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The obtained hybrid clones were analyzed for expression of human T cell antigens and presence of human chromosomes. T cell hybrids derived from fusion between the BW5147 cell line and bone marrow cells from a patient with pre-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TdT+/HLA-DR+/Tp41+/T11+/T1-/T6-/T4-/T8-/T3-) appeared to express the human T cell antigen Tp41, which can be recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 3A1 and WT1. Although this panel of hybrid cells contained all human chromosomes, no other T cell antigens were expressed. Fusion of the BW5147 cell line with peripheral blood cells from a patient with a more mature T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TdT+/HLA-DR+/Tp41+/T11+/T1+/T6-/T4+/T8+/T3-) resulted in a panel of hybrid clones that expressed not only the Tp41 antigen, but also the human T cell antigens T1 and T4; two hybrids even expressed the T3 antigen. This panel of hybrids also contained the whole human genome. The two panels of human mouse T cell hybrids allowed us to assign the genes coding for the human T cell antigens Tp41, T1, and T4 to human chromosomes 17, 11, and 12, respectively. Furthermore, these data support our previous suggestion that the expression of human lymphoid differentiation antigens in human-mouse lymphoid hybrids is influenced by the differentiation stage of the fusion partners. PMID- 3487585 TI - Influence of immunoglobulin-dependent T cells on antibody class switching. AB - Normal and B cell-deficient, carrier-primed mice were irradiated and were adoptively transferred with B cells to evaluate the role of putative Ig- and B cell-dependent T cells in anti-hapten antibody responses. The response was analyzed by using the splenic focus assay, which allowed us to examine the frequency of responding B cells and the production of multiple isotypes by single precursor B cells. This analysis revealed that both primary and secondary B cells were activated at higher frequency in the spleens of normal recipients, and production of isotypes other than IgM and IgG1 was enhanced in normal recipients as compared with anti-mu-treated recipients. Both changes could be restored to control levels by co-transfer of T cells from normal donors primed with an unrelated carrier, provided the free carrier was added to the assay culture. These results are consistent with a role for Ig or B cell-dependent helper T cells in the optimal activation and the resulting isotype expression of both primary and secondary B cells. PMID- 3487586 TI - Human lymphocyte-high endothelial venule interaction: organ-selective binding of T and B lymphocyte populations to high endothelium. AB - We wished to determine whether human lymphocytes, like their murine counterparts, show organ-specific interactions with high endothelial venules (HEV). Functional HEV-binding ability was measured by an in vitro assay of lymphocyte adherence to HEV in frozen sections of human lymphoid tissues which was adapted from rodent systems. It was found that human lymphocytes bind selectively to HEV and that, whereas mature T lymphocytes bind preferentially to HEV in peripheral lymph nodes and tonsils, B lymphocytes show preferential binding to HEV in GALT. Moreover, by analyzing the binding characteristics of T4+ and T8+ T cell populations, it was found that T8+ cells adhere preferentially to HEV in GALT and mesenteric lymph nodes and tonsil, and that T4+ cells bind slightly better to HEV in peripheral lymph nodes. The above findings indicate that organ--specific lymphocyte endothelial cell recognition mechanisms exist also in humans, and suggest that these mechanisms play an important role in normal and pathologic lymphocyte traffic. PMID- 3487588 TI - Immunodeficiency of aging: restorative effects of phorbol ester combined with calcium ionophore. AB - Current models for lectin-induced T cell proliferation suggest that activation of protein kinase C (PK-C) and elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ may both play important roles in the earliest phases of signal transduction. To learn more about the relative inability of T cells from old mice to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimuli, we attempted to stimulate T cells by the synergistic effects of a PK-C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. T cells from young mice respond as well to optimal combinations of these agents as they do to the strong polyclonal activator Con A, but T cells from old mice respond much better to PMA plus ionomycin than they do to Con A. This result suggests that an inability to transduce the signal supplied by extracellular ligands into the intracellular signals represented by Ca2+ and PK-C activators may underlie the age-associated loss of T cell reactivity. We also found evidence for a second defect in old T cells related to their response to elevated intracellular Ca2+: old T cells, compared with young, required higher levels of ionomycin for maximal proliferation. PMID- 3487587 TI - Differential expression of a surface antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody, J11d, on unprimed and primed B cells. AB - Functional studies of both polyclonal and antigen-specific responses have suggested that murine B cells differ in the expression of an antigen recognized by a rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody, called J11d. Using both positive and negative selection, we now demonstrate that the J11d marker is differentially displayed on B lymphocytes responding to LPS vs anti-mu, as well as on unprimed vs specific antigen-primed B cells. Thus, cytotoxic elimination of cells expressing high levels of J11d (J11d-hi) reduced LPS-driven B cell proliferation by 60 to 80% but had no effect on anti-mu stimulated B cell growth. Interestingly, equal numbers of positively selected J11d-hi B cells responded similarly to LPS and anti-mu plus B cell growth factors, a result that suggests that the response to anti-mu of the J11d-lo B cells is normally masked by the majority J11-d-hi cells. In further studies, the primary PFC response of normal murine spleen cells to fluorescein (FL)-coupled TI antigens or to LPS in vitro was reduced dramatically by cytotoxic J11d antibody treatment. In contrast, the anti-FL PFC response of spleen cells from mice primed 1 wk previously with FL Ficoll was not affected by J11d antibody treatment, whereas the response of these FL-primed B cells to TNP (to which the mice were not primed) was greatly reduced by J11d + complement treatment. Our data indicate that antigen-experienced (activated) B cells are primarily found in the J11d-lo B cell subset and that unprimed (resting) B cells are found in the J11d-hi population, although both populations of murine B cells can respond to anti-mu. These studies also provide further evidence for B cell heterogeneity. PMID- 3487589 TI - Restriction of the human in vivo immune response against the mouse monoclonal antibody OKT3. AB - The murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 (IgG2a) was administered prophylactically to 17 renal allograft recipients (5 mg/day, i.v.), either alone or in association with corticosteroids (0.25 mg/kg/day) and azathioprine (3 mg/kg/day). In all patients the kinetics of the IgM and IgG anti-OKT3 response was monitored by means of immunofluorescence and ELISA. All patients treated with OKT3 alone showed a rapid and strong sensitization that completely neutralized the therapeutic effectiveness of the monoclonal antibody. The anti-OKT3 sensitization was manifested by accelerated OKT3 clearance and abrupt reappearance of circulating OKT3+ cells before the end of treatment. This immune response was significantly delayed and reduced in its incidence and intensity in patients receiving low dose corticosteroids and azathioprine in association to OKT3; mainly IgM anti-OKT3 antibodies that did not accelerate OKT3 clearance were then observed. The fine specificity of the antibodies produced was studied, using patients whole sera and various mouse IgG2a-affinity chromatography-purified serum fractions. The results obtained showed that the anti-OKT3 response was remarkably restricted to two main categories of antibodies: a) anti-idiotypic antibodies that inhibited OKT3 binding to T cells and abrogated its therapeutic activity and b) anti-mouse IgG2a (anti-isotypic) antibodies that did not neutralize OKT3 immunosuppressive activity. These results suggest that OKT3 immunized patients might still be sensitive to the immunosuppressive effect of other anti-T cell monoclonals that do not share the OKT3 idiotype and possibly isotype. PMID- 3487590 TI - Interleukin 1: a regulatory role in glucocorticoid-regulated hepatic metabolism. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on glucocorticoid-regulated hepatic metabolism. Steroid binding in liver cytosol, plasma glucose, plasma corticosterone, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity were assayed in C3H/HeJ mice after IL 1 administration. Mice received 5 pyrogenic U (PU) of rabbit IL 1 i.p. and were sacrificed 4 hr later. In adrenal-intact mice, steroid binding and plasma glucose were significantly decreased (63 and 64% of control) and plasma corticosterone was significantly elevated threefold. In adrenalectomized mice, IL 1 (5 PU) treatment produced similar results in steroid binding (66% of control) and plasma glucose (71% of control). PEPCK was measured in intact mice fasted overnight and treated with 5 PU of IL 1. PEPCK was induced in fasted control animals (23.1 +/- 1.4 U/mg) vs fed control animals (15.9 +/- 0.7 U/mg). IL 1 treatment inhibited the induction of PEPCK in fasted animals (13.4 +/- 2.0 U/mg) and caused a significant decrease in steroid binding (78% of fasted control) and plasma glucose (82% of fasted control). No difference in plasma corticosterone was seen in IL 1-treated mice and fasted control mice. These data indicate that IL 1 decreases intracellular steroid receptors, resulting in decreased induction of PEPCK and subsequent reduced gluconeogenesis and plasma glucose. We propose that IL 1 plays a regulatory role in glucocorticoid-regulated hepatic metabolism. PMID- 3487591 TI - Administration of slowly released recombinant interleukin 2. Augmentation of the efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. AB - When recombinant human interleukin 2 (r-IL-2) was given to mice by single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection it rapidly disappeared from the blood. However, administration of slowly released r-IL-2 using mini-osmotic pumps caused a significant prolongation of serum levels of IL-2. Using a method for assaying IL 2 in vivo, it was also demonstrated that both the viability and the cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells could be maintained at a high level in vivo by administration of slowly released r-IL-2 rather than by a single injection of r-IL-2. In addition, we successfully treated EL4-bearing mice by combination therapy consisting of LAK cells and slowly released r-IL-2. PMID- 3487592 TI - Secretory leukemic B cells express T cell markers in vitro. A phenomenon suppressed by TPA. AB - Immunological and biochemical markers of leukemia/lymphoma cells have provided valuable insight into hematopoietic malignancy and normal differentiation. The general assumption is that as early lymphoid cells become committed towards terminal differentiation they lose their capacity for bimodal differentiation and cells become restricted to B or T cell development and function. We have observed that phenotypically "late" leukemic B cells close to secretory stage can spontaneously express mature T cell antigens (T11, T4 and T8) after culture in vitro. In further studies of these cells, it was found that the biochemical marker lactate Dehydrogenase (LD) follows the intermediate pattern expressed by thymocytes rather than that of typical B cells. The expression of T cell antigens can be blocked by incubating these cells with the phorbol ester TPA (12-0 tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate) which promotes unidirectional B cell maturation to plasmacytoid cells in a way that mimics normal B cell differentiation. These observations indicate that presecretory malignant B cells are still programmed to express T cell biochemical and antigenic markers and this expression can be influenced by environmental conditions in vitro. PMID- 3487594 TI - Meningitis due to beta-lactamase producing, chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b, in South Africa. AB - A case of meningitis and septicaemia due to Haemophilus influenzae type b resistant to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol is reported. After initial failure of chloramphenicol therapy, the patient responded to cefotaxime alone. To our knowledge, this represents the first such reported case in South Africa. PMID- 3487593 TI - Immunomodulating activity of Wy-41,770 (5H-dibenzo[A,D]cyclohepten-5-ylidene) acetic acid. AB - The immunomodulatory effects of Wy-41,770 (5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene) acetic acid, were compared to levamisole and indomethacin in several in vivo models. In the Jerne plaque assay, Wy-41,770 (1 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) administered on day 1 after sensitization suppressed IgM plaque forming cells (PFC) while levamisole was active when given on days 1 and 2 after sensitization. In contrast, indomethacin administered on days 2 and 3 after sensitization increased PFC. In the rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, Wy-41,770 reduced limb paralysis at 10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. when dosed before sensitization. Indomethacin was active too when predosed in the rat EAE model. In the methylated bovine serum albumin model (MBSA) delayed hypersensitivity (DH) model in mouse, Wy-41,770 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) given on day 1 prior to sensitization and day 2 after sensitization in subliminally sensitized animals augmented the DH response while inhibiting the subliminal DH response when administered at 6 hr after challenge. Levamisole showed similar activity in this subliminal model while indomethacin given 6 hr post challenge was inhibitory. All three drugs were inactive in mice normally sensitized to MBSA at the same drug regimens. In guinea pigs, subliminally sensitized to tuberculin, Wy-41,770 (10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and levamisole augmented the DH response. No changes in DH response were observed for both drugs in normally sensitized guinea pigs. In the rat adjuvant arthritic model, Wy-41,770 (5 and 15 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited day 16 uninjected paw edema and restored significantly the depressed proliferative responses to mitogen by spleen cells taken from the same arthritic rats at day 16. The moderate immunomodulatory activity of Wy-41,770 may contribute along with its antiinflammatory activity, towards the treatment of arthritic diseases. PMID- 3487595 TI - Electron microscopic features in psoriatic patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - We studied the electron microscopic features of 7 psoriatic patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and 14 psoriatic controls. We found a statistically significant difference in frequency of basal keratinocyte herniations (BKH) as well as of BKH with abnormal configuration (broad-based BKH, herniating through wide gaps in the basal lamina; and multipolypoid BKH) in the alpha 1-antitrypsin deficient group. The differences were more marked in the MZ phenotype than in the MS/SS phenotypes. These findings may reflect the changes resulting from defective inhibition of proteolytic enzyme activity in the psoriatic patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, and support the concept that proteolytic enzyme release and activity may play a role in BKH formation. PMID- 3487596 TI - Determination of anaphylatoxin concentrations in suction blisters in patients with psoriasis. AB - Concentrations of C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins in suction blister fluids were determined by radioimmunoassay in patients with psoriasis and normal controls. Comparison of anaphylatoxin levels between serum samples and blister contents in the same subjects revealed that the levels of both C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins were significantly higher in the former than the latter even in those raised on normal skin, suggesting that the classic complement pathway is activated during suction procedure. Therefore we cannot regard suction blister fluid to be simply representative of undisturbed interstitial tissue fluid as far as the complement system is concerned. There was no difference in anaphylatoxin levels between those from uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients and those from normal controls. However, significantly high anaphylatoxin levels were noted in fluids of suction blisters raised on lesional skin as compared with those produced on uninvolved skin in psoriatic patients. PMID- 3487597 TI - Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine in relation to Km(1) and G2m(23) immunoglobulin allotypes. AB - The antibody responses of children immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine were examined in relation to the absence or presence of the Km(1) or G2m(23) immunoglobulin allotype. Ninety-seven children, 12-83 months of age, were immunized. Sera were obtained before immunization and two months later. Total serum antibody to the type b capsule was detected by a radioactive antigen-binding assay. IgG and IgM antibody responses were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody responses to the type b capsule were more than threefold higher in blacks with the Km(1) immunoglobulin allotype compared with those in blacks lacking this allotype (P less than .02). The isotype affected was IgG (P less than .01) and not IgM. Serum concentrations of IgG2, but not of IgG1, also were higher in blacks with Km(1) (P less than .003). In whites there were no significant differences in the total or IgG-specific antibody responses to the type b capsule in relation to the Km(1) or G2m(23) allotype. PMID- 3487598 TI - Vaginal trichomoniasis in Sharkyia Governorate. PMID- 3487599 TI - Cell-mediated immune response in ancylostomiasis. PMID- 3487601 TI - [Evaluation of electrocardiographic changes immediately after aortocoronary bypass surgery in patients with spastic angina]. PMID- 3487600 TI - [Results of coronary bypass surgery in relation to gender]. PMID- 3487602 TI - [A case report of combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation associated with a narrow aortic annulus and bilateral ostial stenosis treated by translocated aortic valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass grafting]. PMID- 3487603 TI - [Study on the development of the radioimmunoassay of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)]. AB - Synthetic ovine CRF was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glutaraldehyde and used as an immunogen to generate antibodies in rabbits. One of the antisera revealed 40% binding with 125I-CRF at 1 : 12,000 dilution in RIA. The antiserum did not show any significant crossreaction with other hormones. The Chloramine-T method was used to label CRF with 125I and purified by Sephadex G-50 fine (1 X 103 cm) chromatography with 0.03 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.1% BSA, 20mM EDTA, 200 KIU/ml Trasyrol was used for the RIA buffer and the separation of free and antibody-bound CRF was performed by the Dextran-Charcoal method. The tentative minimum sensitivity of the assay was 20-100 pg/tube. The dilution curve of 125I-CRF in the hypothalamus of rat was parallel to that of the standard. Immunoreactive CRF content in the hypothalamus of male, female and post ovariectomized rats was measured by RIA. The content in those of male and post ovariectomized rats was significantly higher than in female rats. These data indicate that the pituitary-adrenal axis may have some effects on post-menopausal status. PMID- 3487604 TI - [Gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine. Effect of nifedipine and EGF on cell proliferation in human gingival fibroblasts]. PMID- 3487605 TI - [Clinical and immunopathological studies of young adults with severe periodontitis]. PMID- 3487606 TI - Blood donor services and liability issues relating to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3487608 TI - Enforceability of noncompetition covenants in physician employment contracts. Confusion in the courts. PMID- 3487607 TI - DTP: drug manufacturers' liability in vaccine-related injuries. PMID- 3487609 TI - Absolute configuration at C-24 of 5 beta-ranol, a principal bile alcohol of the bullfrog. AB - The stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group at C-24 in 5 beta-ranol (27-nor-5 beta cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,26-pentol) a principal bile alcohol of the bullfrog which is structurally related to the major human urinary bile alcohol, 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24,25-pentol, is described. Two isomers (IIIa and IIIb) at C-24 of 27-nor-5 beta-cholest-25-ene-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha, 24-tetrol were synthesized from cholic acid (I) by the conversion to 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triacetoxy-5 beta-cholan-24-al (II) followed by a Grignard reaction with vinylmagnesium bromide. The absolute configurations at C 24 of the unsaturated tetrols (IIIa and IIIb) were elucidated as S and R, respectively, by means of the difference of the reactivity to Sharpless oxidation, a stereoselective epoxidation. Catalytic hydrogenation of each delta 25-tetrol (IIIa or IIIb) gave (24R)- or (24S)-27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha, 24-tetrol (IVa or IVb). The configurations at C-24 of two isomeric 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-27-nor-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acids (Va and Vb) were determined as S and R, respectively, by means of their conversion into the saturated tetrols (IVa and IVb) of known absolute configurations by a Kolbe electrolytic coupling with acetic acid. The lithium aluminum hydride reduction product of the 24R-acid (Vb) was identical with the naturally occurring 5 beta-ranol, hence 5 beta-ranol has the 24R configuration. PMID- 3487611 TI - Osteoblasts mediate interleukin 1 stimulation of bone resorption by rat osteoclasts. AB - A monocyte-derived factor with IL-1-like properties has recently been shown to cause resorption of bone in organ culture. We have investigated the action of IL 1 on disaggregated populations of osteoclasts, incubated alone or in the presence of osteoblastic cells, in an attempt to identify the target cell for IL-1 in bone, and to elucidate the mechanism by which IL-1 induces osteoclastic resorption. Osteoclasts were disaggregated from neonatal rat long bones and incubated on slices of human femoral cortical bone. Under these conditions, the majority of osteoclasts form distinctive excavations in the bone surface within 24 h, the volume of which can be quantified by computer-assisted morphometric and stereophotogrammetic techniques. IL-1 had no effect on bone resorption by osteoclasts alone, but when incubated in the presence of calvarial cells or cloned osteosarcoma cells, it induced a 3.8 (+/- 0.38)-fold increase in osteoclastic bone resorption, with significant enhancement at concentrations of greater than or equal to 30 pg/ml. The osteoblastic populations themselves did not resorb bone. The mechanism by which osteoblastic cells stimulate osteoclasts did not appear to depend upon PG synthesis; nor could we detect a diffusible substance in the medium of stimulated cocultures. These results indicate that IL 1 stimulates bone resorption through a primary action on osteoblasts, which are induced by IL-1 to transmit a short-range signal that stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption. PMID- 3487610 TI - Rearrangement and expression of T cell antigen receptor and gamma genes during thymic development. AB - Rearrangement and expression of the T cell antigen receptor and the gamma genes during T cell ontogeny is a regulated process; the gamma genes are rearranged and expressed first, followed by the beta and then the alpha genes. Expression of both functional alpha and beta gene RNA first occurs at day 17 of gestation, along with the expression of T3 delta chain RNA. T cell antigen receptor gene rearrangements occur primarily or exclusively in the thymus, although some gamma gene rearrangements occur outside the thymus in fetal liver cells that may be committed T cell progenitors. There is no gross difference in the extent of beta and gamma gene rearrangements in the adult thymocyte subpopulations that were analyzed, despite the fact that some of these populations cannot respond to antigen and never emigrate from the thymus. Quantitative analysis of rearrangements in total adult thymocyte DNA shows that beta gene rearrangements generally occur on both chromosomal homologs, and that rearrangements occur preferentially to the J beta 2 gene segment cluster. PMID- 3487612 TI - Lymphoma models for B cell activation and tolerance. III. Cell cycle dependence for negative signalling of WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells by anti-mu. AB - WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells have proven to be a useful model for the regulation of growth of normal B cells by anti-Ig reagents. We previously reported that the growth of these lymphoma cells is inhibited by heterologous or monoclonal anti-mu or anti-kappa reagents. Such cells cease to incorporate thymidine within 24-48 h of exposure to anti-Ig reagents, but are not adversely affected by antibodies directed at either class I or class II histocompatibility antigens. In fact, cell cycle analysis revealed that anti-mu causes a block in the transition of these cells from G1 to S phase. To further study the mechanism of growth inhibition, we have purified lymphoma cells in G1 by centrifugal elutriation, or enriched WEHI 231 cells at the G1/S interface by treatment with hydroxyurea, and followed their progression through the cell cycle in the presence or absence of anti-mu. Our data show that WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells receive a negative signal early in G1, since delayed addition of anti-mu (to late G1 cells) leads to no alteration in cell cycle progression at 24 h, and exposure to anti-mu during S does not alter progress through DNA synthesis and mitosis. Moreover, exposure to anti-mu for only 2 h prevents purified G1 cells from entering their first S phase. The nature of the relevant processes in early G1 is discussed in terms of models of B cell activation and tolerance induction. PMID- 3487613 TI - Purification to homogeneity and amino acid sequence analysis of two anionic species of human interleukin 1. AB - Two anionic species of human IL-1 have been purified to homogeneity. These molecules were characterized as having pI of 5.4 and 5.2 and molecular weights identical to IL-1/6.8 (17,500). The specific activities of IL-1/5.4 and IL-1/5.2, as measured in the mouse thymocyte co-mitogenic assay, were identical to that of IL-1/6.8, namely 1.2 X 10(7) U/mg, with half-maximal stimulation observed at 2 X 10(-11) M. IL-1/5.4 and IL-1/5.2 were found to be antigenically distinct from IL 1/6.8 in an ELISA. IL-1/5.4 was structurally distinct from IL-1/6.8 based on reverse-phase HPLC or CNBr peptides. Intact IL-1/5.2 and three intact CNBr peptides of IL-1/5.4 were sequenced, with the identification of 74 amino acid residues. These sequences were found to correspond exactly with the amino acid sequence deduced from the IL-1-alpha cDNA reported by March et al. PMID- 3487614 TI - Immunocompetent autoreactive B lymphocytes are activated cycling cells in normal mice. AB - Frequencies of B cell clonal precursors producing antibodies that react with mouse thyroglobulin, mouse erythrocytes, beef hemoglobin, KLH, and sheep erythrocytes were determined by limiting dilution analyses among small, resting lymphocytes, and among large activated cells from normal adult mice. While frequencies of clones reacting with external antigens were equally distributed in large and small B cells, most, if not all, autoreactive B lymphocytes were found in the large cell fraction. Analysis of antithyroglobulin hybridomas isolated from normal mice revealed dissociation constants ranging from 10(-6) to 5-6 X 10( 7). Treatment of normal donors with antimitotic drugs dramatically decreases the frequencies of autoreactive B cells, but not those of B lymphocytes reacting with external antigenic molecules. Taken together, these experiments show that immunocompetent, autoreactive B lymphocytes are activated and cycling cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues of normal individuals. PMID- 3487615 TI - T cell proliferation induced by anti-self-I-A-specific T cell hybridomas. Evidence of a T cell network. AB - Allo-I-A-reactive T cell hybridomas were generated from MLR-activated lymphoblasts. Cloned hybridomas T1.203, T1.321, and T1.426 were stimulated by I Ab determinants, as shown by their ability to secrete IL-2 in response to a panel of MHC-recombinant mice. T2.146, T2.205, and T3.116 were found to be specific for I-Ak determinants using a similar panel of MHC-recombinant mice. Inhibition of IL 2 secretion by anti-I-A mAb confirmed these data. Some I-Ab-specific hybrids stimulated the proliferation of T cells from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. Similarly, some I-Ak-specific hybrids stimulated the proliferation of T cells from C3H/HeJ (H-2k) mice. These hybrids expressed no detectable surface I-A, and stimulation of T cells was not inhibited by anti-I-A mAb. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that normal mice possess a population of T cells responsive to idiotypic determinants on anti-MHC class II T cell receptors. PMID- 3487616 TI - B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) prepares resting B cells to enter S phase in response to anti-IgM and lipopolysaccharide. AB - BSF-1 prepares resting BALB/c, DBA/2, and BDF1 B cells to enter S phase more promptly in response to subsequent culture with anti-IgM-based stimulants. It prepares DBA/2 and BDF1 B cells to respond to LPS, but its preparative effect for LPS responses of BALB/c B cells is both inconstant and meager. Preparation mediated by BSF-1 requires extended contact of B cells with the stimulant for full effect. Half-maximal preparation requires approximately 12 h of contact, as judged by delayed addition of BSF-1 or by inhibition of BSF-1 action with anti BSF-1 mAbs. BSF-1 preparative action on resting DBA/2 B cells is mimicked by anti Lyb-2.1 antibody. B cell blasts prepared by culture with BSF-1 and anti-IgM show modest responses to high concentrations of BSF-1; large B cells directly isolated from the spleen are not stimulated to enter S phase by BSF-1. These results lead us to conclude that BSF-1 functions principally as an activation factor for resting B cells. PMID- 3487619 TI - Nontypable Hemophilus influenzae infection of a congenital bronchogenic cyst. PMID- 3487618 TI - Immunologic properties of purified epidermal Langerhans cells. Distinct requirements for stimulation of unprimed and sensitized T lymphocytes. AB - Langerhans cells (LC) are Ia+ leukocytes that account for less than 2% of the cells in murine epidermal isolates. We purified LC by cell sorting to study their capacity to stimulate antigen-specific responses from unprimed and sensitized T cells. Sorting was performed after 12 or 72 h of epidermal culture, since our earlier work had indicated that LC became immunologically active during that time interval. At 12 and 72 h, the LC were uniformly and equally rich in the Ia glycoproteins that are recognized by helper T cells. At both time points, LC were comparable in their capacity to stimulate sensitized helper T lymphocytes, and would cluster the T cells in an antigen-dependent fashion at 4 degrees C. However, 12-h LC did not sensitize T cells, as indicated by their inactivity in stimulating the primary MLR or antibody response, and they were unable to cluster T cells in an antigen-independent fashion at 37 degrees C. The latter properties were acquired during 72 h of culture. As a result, the function of 72-h LC fully resembled that of lymphoid dendritic cells. We propose that the maturation of stimulatory function within the dendritic cell lineage represents an important control point in the induction phase of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3487617 TI - Interleukin 1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia. AB - By screening specific populations of rat brain cells, we found that ameboid microglia secrete an 18 kD peptide with IL-1 biological activity. The IL-1 activity released by microglia was found to be identical to rat macrophage IL-1 on fractionation by gel filtration and high pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography, and it was neutralized by an antiserum specific for murine IL-1. When added to astroglia grown in culture, microglial IL-1 increased the cell number of five- to sevenfold, and increased astroglial incorporation of [3H]thymidine by three- to fivefold. We propose that the proliferation of astroglia in specific brain regions may be regulated by the signaled release of IL-1 from activated microglial cells. PMID- 3487620 TI - The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on presynaptic dopamine uptake sites in the mouse striatum. AB - The effects of the specific dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), were studied on the kinetics of [3H]mazindol binding to striatal membranes of C57 black mice. This radioligand was used to label dopamine uptake sites and when administered in vivo, MPTP caused an irreversible, non-competitive inhibition of mazindol binding, consistent with damage to dopaminergic terminals. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with pargyline, a MAOB inhibitor, suggesting that oxidation of MPTP to the pyridinium moiety, MPP+, is a necessary step for toxicity when mazindol binding is used as an end point. In keeping with these findings, pretreatment of mice with mazindol protected against the dopamine-depleting effects of MPTP in vivo. This data suggests that MPTP exerts its toxic effects via MPP+ which is concentrated intraneuronally via the dopamine uptake system. During this process the neurotoxin irreversibly inactivates the dopamine uptake sites. PMID- 3487621 TI - Role of nonspecific myelin destruction by delayed type hypersensitivity in primary demyelination. AB - To clarify the role of nonspecific myelin destruction mediated by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in primary demyelination, DTH to tuberculin was induced within the endoneurium by intraneural injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) or sonicated Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the sciatic nerves of Lewis rats and guinea pigs which had previously been sensitized to tuberculin. The morphological features of the nerves proximal to the site of needle insertion were assessed 5 days after injection. By changing the PPD concentration of solution for intraneural injection, various degrees of DTH reaction could be produced in the nerve. Infiltration of mononuclear cells including macrophages was observed around the vessels and in the vicinity of the myelin sheaths. Although nonspecific damage of axons, myelin sheaths and Schwann cells was observed in areas heavily infiltrated with inflammatory cells, primary demyelination was hardly recognized. Another group of Lewis rats previously immunized with galactocerebroside (GC), the major glycolipid hapten of myelin, in Freund's complete adjuvant received intraneural injection of PPD or GC liposomes. Neither cellular nor humoral immunity to GC was detected in these rats. The nerves injected with GC liposomes showed no inflammatory cell infiltration except for a few macrophages containing liposomes and those injected with PPD showed infiltration of mononuclear cells without primary demyelination. Our findings reveal that nonspecific myelin destruction induced by DTH does not play an important role in immune-mediated demyelination. PMID- 3487622 TI - Comparative study on the effects of recombinant alpha-2 interferon on immune function in patients with disseminated melanoma. AB - Fifteen patients with disseminated melanoma were treated by intravenous administration of recombinant alpha-2 interferon (rIFN-alpha 2) on 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. Immunological studies on approximately 50% of the patients revealed no significant changes in lymphocyte numbers or T-cell subsets. Natural killer (NK) activity against the K562 target cell and a melanoma cell was increased in the first treatment cycle, but in subsequent treatment cycles it tended to decrease against the melanoma cell and to show either no change or moderate increases against the K562 target cell. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes was decreased in most patients in each treatment cycle. This also applied to immunoglobulin production in vitro from pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated B and T cells. The latter was not due to the induction of radiation-sensitive suppressor T cells and may reflect effects on B cells or helper T cells. The repeated inhibition of IL-2 production with each cycle of treatment and the decrease in NK activity against the melanoma target cells after the first treatment cycle contrasted with the return to at or above pretreatment values of these tests when rIFN-alpha A was given intramuscularly on an alternate-day basis. It is suggested that these effects may be due to the relatively greater increase in endogenous cortisol production at the beginning of each treatment cycle in patients given rIFN-alpha 2 intravenously compared to that observed in patients treated with rIFN-alpha A on alternate days intramuscularly. Immunosuppression resulting from the increase in cortisol production may be one of the factors accounting for the low tumor response rate of patients in this study and may emphasize the possible importance of the schedule of rIFN-alpha administration for obtaining optimal antitumor responses. PMID- 3487623 TI - Absence of sterol-specific complexes at active zones of degenerating and regenerating frog neuromuscular junctions. AB - Freeze-fracture combined with filipin treatment has been used as a cytochemical probe for membrane cholesterol. As previously shown at the frog neuromuscular junction, distinctive sterol-specific complexes were formed on the presynaptic membrane after filipin treatment, except at active zones. The absence of sterol specific complexes from active zones was confirmed using two other cytochemical agents--digitonin and saponin. We also studied the maintenance and differentiation of the presynaptic membrane heterogeneity revealed by membrane cholesterol probes at degenerating and regenerating neuromuscular junctions. During degeneration, active zones in frog nerve terminals were disorganized, but still lacked sterol-specific complexes. After engulfing the degenerating nerve terminals, Schwann cells occupied the synaptic gutters and displayed a uniform distribution of sterol-specific complexes. Schwann cell ridges opposite the postjunctional folds also had prominent sterol-specific complexes in regions formerly occupied by active zones. By 2 weeks after nerve crush, nerve terminals reinvaded the endplate region and active zones began to regenerate. While the intramembrane particles of the early regenerating active zones were not arranged in the normal double-rowed organization, filipin-sterol complexes were nevertheless excluded from these primitive active zones. Areas of nerve terminal membrane opposite to junctional folds but lacking active zones were covered with filipin-sterol complexes. These results show that the normal double-rowed organization is not required for the expression of the membrane heterogeneity associated with the active zone. In addition, the absence of sterol-specific complexes is closely associated with the active zone particles and not simply the membrane regions opposite to the postjunctional folds. The membrane heterogeneity does not seem to be directly linked with the functional state of the active zone since it is still associated with degenerating active zones after transmission failure has occurred. PMID- 3487624 TI - Downbeat nystagmus indicates cerebellar or brain-stem lesions in vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - Two cases of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by gastric atrophy are described. Together with the neuropsychiatric features usually associated with this condition, a downbeat nystagmus syndrome was observed. It is concluded that vitamin B12 deficiency may also result in lesions to those cerebellar or brain stem structures that are generally assumed to cause downbeat nystagmus. PMID- 3487625 TI - Recurrent transverse myelitis associated with collagen disease. AB - A 43-year-old woman who had four recurrences of acute transverse myelitis (ATM) at the fifth thoracic vertebral level in 7 years is reported. Her haematological and immunological abnormalities included antibodies to DNA and nRNP and markedly reduced serum complement during the course of the disease. These findings suggest systemic lupus erythematosus although she had no symptoms other than those of ATM. Methylprednisolone and prednisolone were effective in treating the ATM. PMID- 3487626 TI - High-dose continuous infusion folinic acid and bolus 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a phase II study. AB - Encouraging results have recently been reported for studies using folinic acid in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Thirty-six patients with advanced colorectal cancer with unequivocal evidence of progression while treated with fluoropyrimidines were treated with a six-day continuous infusion of 500 mg/m2/d of folinic acid initiated 24 hours before a five-day course of 5-FU administered as an intravenous (IV) bolus of 370 mg/m2/d. An initial dose of 250 mg/m2/d of 5 FU was used in patients previously treated with ionizing radiation and/or a nitrosourea. Three objective partial responses were observed. The overall median duration of survival was 8.1 months. Toxicity was acceptable and not in excess of that expected for 5-FU alone. PMID- 3487627 TI - Length-based Fourier analysis in the pre-excitation syndrome. AB - Length-based Fourier analysis (LFA) was applied to tomographic gated blood-pool study, and phase and percent-shortening diagrams were generated. In 22 patients with pre-excitation syndrome and ten control subjects, the most basal short-axis section was used for tomographic analysis. When the initial abnormal phase was considered as the location of accessory conduction pathway (ACP), correct diagnosis for the localization of ACP was given in 19 of 22 patients. In ten control subjects, no specific segments of initial phase were noted, although six patients had initial phase in the septal or paraseptal segments. The tomographic LFA was more effective for pinpointing the segment of the earliest phase than tomographic count-based phase analysis. The LFA provided objective three dimensional information for contraction sequence. Because movements of ventricular edges are essential in tomography, the LFA was considered to be a reasonable approach for the analysis of tomographic gated blood-pool study. PMID- 3487628 TI - Automated body contour detection in SPECT: effects on quantitative studies. AB - To perform accurate in vivo quantitation by single photon emission computed tomography, we have developed a new method for detecting body contours for the correction of tissue attenuation. Our method can rapidly derive the best fit contours throughout the body by using the measured axial length of the patient body and Fourier filtering the detected contours which are defined by a unique bit-plane algorithm. We have also evaluated the effects of the body contours on the reconstructed images by using various attenuation correction techniques including a precorrection method (Sorenson, 1974), a postcorrection method (Chang, 1978), a weighted backprojection method, and a radial post correction method (Tanaka, 1983 and 1984). Counts in the specified region-of-interest in phantom images reconstructed by the radial postcorrection, weighted backprojection, and postcorrection methods were more strongly affected by inaccurately detected contours than were counts derived from images reconstructed by the precorrection method. PMID- 3487630 TI - T cell subsets in human colostrum. AB - Lymphocytes from 10 paired colostrum and peripheral blood specimens were examined to determine if the colostral T cell population differs from the peripheral blood T cell population in subset distribution. The percentages of lymphocytes staining with OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 murine monoclonal antibody were determined. Lymphocytes from colostrum were 74.7 +/- 2.5% OKT3+, 50.6 +/- 2.3% OKT4+, 24.0 +/- 1.7% OKT8+, whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes were 78.7 +/- 1.9% OKT3+, 48.4 +/- 1.4% OKT4+, and 29.8 +/- 1.6% OKT8+. The percentage of colostrum lymphocytes positive for OKT3 was significantly although not strikingly lower than the OKT3 percentage for blood lymphocytes (p less than 0.05). This difference was due to the lower percentage of OKT8 positive lymphocytes in colostrum compared with blood (p less than 0.01). Although the T cell subset distribution of colostrum generally appears to be similar to that in the peripheral blood, there were small differences in OKT3 and OKT8 percentages that were statistically significant suggesting the possibility of some selectivity of the colostral T cell population. PMID- 3487629 TI - Plasma osteocalcin levels in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3487632 TI - Induction of rat liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by a new sleep inducer 450191-S and plasma levels of 450191-S-metabolites. AB - Liver microsomal 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase activities in rats were stimulated by the administration of large doses of 5-[(2-aminoacetamide)methyl]-1-[4-chloro 2-(o-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl ]-N, N-dimethyl-1 H-s-triazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride dihydrate (450191-S), a new sleep inducer which is a 1H-1,2,4 triazolyl benzophenone derivative. To obtain the correlation between the stimulation or induction of hepatic enzymes and the plasma level of the metabolites of 450191-S, various amounts of 450191-S were administered orally to rats and the metabolites in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration-time profiles for metabolites in rats showed the appearance of metabolites in plasma followed by their rapid disappearance from blood when the animals received non-inducing amounts of 450191-S. On the other hand, the profiles of metabolites in rats administered higher amounts of the drug showed very high plasma concentrations of metabolites, especially 8 chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine 2-carboxamide (M-2) and 8-chloro-6-(2- chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxymethyl-4H-1,2,4 triazolo [1,5-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine-2-carboxamide (M-A), which were maintained for a long time with slow elimination. These results led to the conclusion that the induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes is closely correlated with the high plasma concentrations of metabolites and their prolonged existence in plasma. PMID- 3487633 TI - Antipyretic effect of indomethacin suppository in rabbits. AB - We have designed a thermistor rectal probe thermometer for measuring the antipyretic activity of suppositories. Using this thermistor probe, we tested the antipyretic effect of an indomethacin suppository in comparison with oral and intravenous administrations in rabbits (male, 2.5-2.9 kg). The rectal temperature of normal rabbits remained unchanged after rectal and intravenous administration of indomethacin, 25 mg/body and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The antipyretic effect was tested in febrile rabbits injected with bacterial pyrogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0.2 microgram/kg (i.v.). The dose-dependent antipyretic activities were observed in febrile rabbits administered with indomethacin by rectal (6.3-23.7 mg/body), intravenous (2.5-10 mg/kg) and oral (2.5-20 mg/kg) routes. When indomethacin was administered simultaneously or 1 h after LPS, the most potent antipyretic effect was observed in the case of rectal administration and the weakest effect was observed in that of oral administration. These data indicate that the rectal administration of drugs can produce a potent antipyretic activity, not inferior to that of the intravenous injection. PMID- 3487631 TI - Emergency lung biopsy: friend or foe of the immunosuppressed child? AB - An acute pneumonic process in an immunosuppressed child poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. These patients tolerate infection poorly. An open lung biopsy may provide prompt diagnosis. Nevertheless, a beneficial change in therapy that results in survival does not necessarily follow. Fifty-six immunosuppressed children with acute respiratory symptoms and interstitial pulmonary infiltrates underwent lung biopsy from 1974 to 1985. The most common underlying diagnosis was acute lymphocytic leukemia (60%). A specific etiology was determined in 46 (82%). Operative morbidity in 52% included prolonged intubation, recurrent pneumothorax, and hemorrhage. Overall, mortality was 34%. Those patients with solid tumor and those who required postoperative ventilation had a statistically significant higher mortality than all others. We defined biopsy "patient benefit" as follows: (1) the biopsy yielded an etiology for which a change of treatment was required; and (2) the child survived this acute illness. Despite the successful diagnostic results of this procedure, only 13 (23%) of the patients derived clinical benefit. Even though a specific infectious etiology was diagnosed in 39 (69%) patients only ten (18%) of these improved and survived after an appropriate change in therapy. Eight of these had Pneumocystis carinii. One survivor benefited from the treatment of documented radiation pneumonitis. Another was successfully treated for graft v host reaction but this diagnosis also was made by skin biopsy. One half of the biopsies were performed very early in the course of the illness, specifically to exclude Pneumocystis carinii of which we saw a peak incidence in 1978 to 1979.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487635 TI - Contribution of calcium ion sequestration by polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants to the enhanced colonic absorption of p-aminobenzoic acid. AB - Enhanced absorption of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) from the colon by polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants was investigated using an in situ perfusion technique. The order of their absorption-enhancing effect was as follows: polyoxyethylene lauryl ether greater than polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters approximately equal to polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. The coexistence of calcium chloride in the perfusing solution caused a partial reverse in this enhancement. The calcium ion sequestration capacity of the surfactants was correlated with their ability to enhance colonic absorption of PABA. The findings suggest that calcium ion sequestration by the surfactants contributes to their enhancement of the colonic absorption of PABA. PMID- 3487634 TI - Antipyretic mechanism of indomethacin in rabbits. AB - The mechanism of the antipyretic effect of indomethacin (IM) on fever induced by bacterial pyrogen (LPS, 0.2 microgram/kg, i.v.), leukocytic pyrogen (LP, 2 ml/kg, i.v.) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP, 20 mg/kg, i.m.) in male adult rabbits was studied. In plasma, the biological half lives of IM in normal and LPS-injected rabbits were estimated to be 24 and 21 min in the early phase and 72 and 51 min in the late phase, respectively. A potent antipyretic effect was observed with intravenous injection of IM in LPS- and LP-induced fevers, but not in DNP-induced fever. The antipyretic effect was also observed with intracisternal injection of indomethacin at doses of 0.025 and 0.013 mg/kg. The activity of endogenous pyrogen in serum after LPS injection was not suppressed by the injection of IM (10 mg/kg, i.v.). The production of LP by leukocytes in vitro was not inhibited by IM (10 micrograms/ml). In our previous report, it was ascertained that the rectal temperature of normal rabbits remained unchanged after intravenous injection of IM. These results suggest that indomethacin may inhibit only the pyretic processes in the central nervous system. PMID- 3487636 TI - Myofascial pain syndrome. PMID- 3487637 TI - Rheumatology perspectives. Part III: Laboratory evaluation. Interview by Terrance J. Mueller. PMID- 3487638 TI - [Immobilization of gingival grafts using a fibrin glue]. PMID- 3487639 TI - Inhibitors of acyl-coenzyme A:lysolecithin acyltransferase activate the production of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. AB - Considerable acyl-CoA:lysolecithin acyltransferase (LAT) activity could be demonstrated in homogenates of cultured bovine endothelial cells. This LAT activity was inhibited by thimerosal and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate in a concentration-dependent manner. Preconstricted strips of rabbit aorta were relaxed by acetylcholine or the LAT inhibitors in a concentration-dependent fashion if the endothelium was intact (maximal effect of both LAT inhibitors at 10(-5) M). In rabbit aortic strips thimerosal also induced a concentration dependent stimulation of the formation of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the major cyclooxygenase metabolite of this tissue. This effect of thimerosal was more pronounced in endothelium-intact than in endothelium-denuded preparations. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin (10(-5) M) did not impair the relaxation. Thimerosal and acetylcholine-induced relaxations were abolished when the endothelium was removed or when endothelium-intact preparations were pretreated with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (3 X 10(-5) M), gossypol (5 X 10(-6) M) or dithiothreitol (3 X 10(-4) M). In contrast, mepacrine (3 X 10(-5) M), that abolished the acetylcholine response, had no effect on the thimerosal relaxation. In other experiments bovine endothelial cells were grown to confluence on microcarrier beads and packed into columns. Adding thimerosal (5 X 10(-6) M) or bradykinin (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) to the medium superfusing the columns induced the release of an unstable nonprostanoid factor (or factors) that relaxed endothelium-denuded rabbit femoral artery segments. Bradykinin induced a transient effect whereas there was a strong and long-lasting release of the factor after administration of thimerosal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487640 TI - A novel cyclosporine binding assay. AB - The binding of [3H]cyclosporine A (CsA) to BALB/c mouse spleen cells was examined with a novel centrifugation assay which rapidly removes free [3H]CsA from cell surfaces with a minimal loss of low affinity specifically bound [3H]CsA. A single class of specific and saturable CsA binding sites was found under equilibrium binding conditions. Scatchard analysis of the data resulted in a straight line with KD and Bmax values of 95 nM and 2.4 million binding sites/cell, respectively. Kinetic studies conducted with a wider range of [3H]CsA concentrations revealed two distinct binding sites, with KD's of 290 nM and 9.6 microM, respectively. [3H]CsA bound only nonspecifically to phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol liposomes. Specific [3H]CsA binding sites were found in murine WEHI-5 B-lymphoma cells, murine N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells and human A204 rhabdosarcoma cells. We conclude from these results that there are at least two nonlipid CsA binding sites in BALB/c mouse spleen cells and that CsA binding sites are present in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissue. PMID- 3487641 TI - The removal of myoplasmic free calcium following calcium release in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Transient changes in intracellular free calcium concentration (delta [Ca2+]) in response to pulse depolarizations were monitored in isolated segments of single frog skeletal muscle fibres cut at both ends and voltage clamped at a holding potential of -90 mV in a double-Vaseline-gap chamber. Calcium transients were monitored optically using the metallochromic indicator dye Antipyrylazo III (APIII), which entered the fibre by diffusion from the solution applied to the cut ends. Optical artifacts due to fibre movement were minimized or eliminated by stretching the fibres to sarcomere lengths at which there was little or no overlap of thick and thin contractile filaments. Remaining movement-independent optical changes intrinsic to the fibre and unrelated to the dye were monitored at 850 nm, where free and dye-bound APIII have no absorbance. These 850 nm signals scaled by lambda -1.2 were used to remove intrinsic components from the signals at 700 or 720 nm, wave-lengths at which the APIII absorbance increases when calcium is bound. The corrected 700 or 720 nm signals were used to calculate delta [Ca2+]. The decay of delta [Ca2+] following fibre repolarization at the termination of a depolarizing pulse was well described by a single exponential plus a constant. The exponential rate constant for the decay of delta [Ca2+] decreased and the final 'steady' level that delta [Ca2+] appeared to be approaching increased with increasing amplitude and/or duration of the depolarizing pulse. Both the decreasing decay rate and the build up of the 'steady' level can be accounted for using a two-component model for the removal of free calcium from the myoplasm. One component consists of a set number of a single type of saturable calcium binding site in the myoplasm. The second component is a non-saturable, first-order uptake mechanism operating in parallel with the saturable binding sites. The removal model parameter values were adjusted to fit simultaneously the decay of delta [Ca2+] after pulses of various amplitudes and durations in a given fibre. The basic procedure was to track delta [Ca2+] during each pulse when an undetermined calcium release was occurring, but to calculate the decay of delta [Ca2+] starting 14 ms after repolarization when release was assumed to be negligible. After appropriate selection of parameter values, the model reproduced most aspects of the decay of delta [Ca2+].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3487642 TI - Voltage-gated potassium conductance in human T lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol ester. AB - The whole-cell patch-clamp method was used to study the voltage-gated K+ conductance of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. After entry into whole-cell recording mode, there are time-dependent changes in some properties of the conductance. Over the first 10-30 min, the threshold for activation shifts about 10 mV more negative, and the rates of activation and inactivation increase. Inactivation is less strongly voltage dependent than activation or deactivation. Lymphocytes were stimulated to proliferate in culture with the tumour promoter 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). No changes in K+ conductance were observed in the first few hours of TPA stimulation. At 24 h after mitogen addition, TPA-treated cells were found to have 1.7-fold greater average voltage gated K+ conductance than unstimulated control cells. At 48 h, TPA-stimulated cells had the same average K+ conductance as at 24 h, even though the cells were now much increased in size, as measured by cell capacitance. DNA synthesis by cultures stimulated with TPA, phytohaemagglutinin or succinyl concanavalin A was depressed by the addition of 0.1 mM-quinine at any point in the culture period. In the first 20 h after mitogen addition, DNA synthesis was more effectively inhibited by quinine than if the drug were added later. Cell proliferation was equally sensitive to quinine regardless of mitogen. PMID- 3487643 TI - Tension transients during the rise of tetanic tension in frog muscle fibres. AB - Tension transients were recorded from fibres isolated from the tibialis anterior muscle of the frog during the rise of tetanic tension at 0.8-2.5 degrees C. The length of a central segment of the fibre was controlled by feed-back from a spot follower device. Length steps complete within 0.2 ms were applied at one end of the fibre, and tension changes were recorded at the other end with a transducer having a natural frequency of 10.8 kHz. The tension transients measured during the rise of force showed the four phases characteristic of transients recorded during the plateau of a tetanus and during shortening. The extreme tension change reached during a length change was smaller for a given size of step during the rise of tension than at the plateau, but by less than in proportion to the developed force, suggesting that stiffness increases earlier than tension. Stiffness changes were further assessed by matching the tension records from one fibre with the responses of an analogue circuit (delay line) representing the mechanical properties of the fibre and force transducer. Stiffness derived from these comparisons varied in approximately the same proportion as stiffness assessed from the extreme tension change. During the rise of tension, there was a roughly constant lag of tension behind stiffness, ranging from 11 to 16 ms in different fibres. Steps applied during the latent period showed a lag of about 10 ms from the first increase of stiffness to the first appearance of tension. The partial recovery of tension immediately following the step, phase 2, was faster at the low tension levels early in the tetanus. The intermediate level, T2, to which tension recovers during phase 2 scaled in approximate proportion to the tension level immediately preceding the step. This result is unlike the relative decrease in T2 levels we have recently described for steps applied during steady shortening, and suggests that the increased stiffness-tension ratio seen during the rise of tetanic force is not due to shortening within the sarcomeres. The results can be explained if the attachment of cross-bridges in the rising phase takes place in two steps, the initial state of attachment resulting in the production of little or no tension. Several such schemes are considered. PMID- 3487644 TI - Lesions in the cat prepositus complex: effects on the vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades. AB - The effects of bilateral electrolytic lesions within and around the prepositus hypoglossi (p.h.) nucleus on horizontal saccades in the dark and on the horizontal sinusoidal vestibulo-ocular reflex (v.o.r.) in the dark were studied. After p.h. lesion, including its rostral part between P 7 and P 8, the v.o.r. showed a phase lead as much as about 90 deg at 0.10 Hz. A significant gain reduction paralleled that phase lead at lower frequencies. A large post-saccadic drift was also observed, the time constant of which ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 s. After p.h. lesion extending from P 8 to P 11 (but sparing the rostral part of the p.h.), no significant gain or phase lead change was observed. Post-saccadic drift was either missing or weak. A bilateral medial vestibular nucleus (m.v.n.) lesion from P 7 to P 11 produced a marked gain decrease, paralleled by a marked phase advance. A post-saccadic drift was observed (tau = 0.6 s). A surgical mid-line lesion from P 7 to P 11 (depth: about 2 mm) was followed by no remarkable change in the gain and in the phase of the v.o.r. No post-saccadic drift was observed after such lesion. It was concluded that (i) both the horizontal v.o.r. integration processing, and the horizontal saccadic integration processing were destroyed when an electrolytic lesion was made 'in the region of' the rostral part of the p.h. nucleus, and that (ii) the posterior four-fifths of the p.h. was the location of neither the horizontal v.o.r. integrator nor the horizontal saccadic integrator. PMID- 3487645 TI - Lesions in the cat prepositus complex: effects on the optokinetic system. AB - The effects of bilateral lesions within and around the prepositus hypoglossi (p.h.) nuclei on the optokinetic system were studied. The pure optokinetic nystagmus (o.k.n.) was evoked by a step of velocity (60 deg/s, 30 s duration) of the surrounding. The visual-vestibular interaction was investigated by measuring the gain and phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (v.o.r.) as a function of frequency before and after lesion under three different conditions of testing: basic v.o.r. tested in the dark, v.o.r. tested in the light and v.o.r. suppressed by vision. The tested amplitude was +/- 20 deg. A posterior vermectomy was performed for controls in two cats. A bilateral electrolytic p.h. lesion including the rostral pole of this nucleus was added to the posterior vermectomy in three cats. A lesion similar but sparing the rostral pole of the nucleus was carried out in three other cats. In one cat a bilateral electrolytic lesion of the medial vestibular nuclei (m.v.n.) was combined with a posterior vermectomy. In two cats the medulla was cut on the mid line after a posterior vermectomy. The posterior vermectomy affected neither the optokinetic response nor the visual vestibular interactions. In cats where p.h. lesion included its rostral pole and in the cat with m.v.n. lesion, all the tested optokinetic effects (step o.k.n., and visual-vestibular interactions) were abolished. In the three cats where p.h. lesion spared its rostral pole, the optokinetic effects were quite normal in one cat, mildly reduced in the second one, and seriously affected but not completely abolished in the third one. The surgical cut of the medulla on the mid line did not dramatically disturb the various optokinetic effects. The most marked deficit was the loss of the optokinetic after-nystagmus (o.k.a.n.). From the comparison of these results with the neuroanatomical data and with the Robinson's model concerning the optokinetic processing, it was suggested that: (a) the rostral p.h. could be the location of the o.k.n. integrator or could be an essential link on the o.k.n. pathway, (b) the posterior four-fifths of the p.h. could not be an essential relay on the o.k.n. pathway, (c) the loss of o.k.a.n. after mid-line lesion could be due to the interruption of the positive feed-back loop formed by the reciprocal inhibitory connexions between the two m.v.n. PMID- 3487646 TI - Lack of induction of antinuclear antibodies by D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled study. AB - The induction of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by D-penicillamine (DP) was studied in 148 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had completed at least 30 weeks in a double blind trial which compared DP at doses 500 mg and 125 mg daily to placebo. There was no difference among the 3 groups in the frequency of a positive ANA at any titer or at a titer greater than 1:16 either pretreatment or at the end of the study. The conversion from a negative to a positive ANA occurred as frequently in the placebo treated controls with RA as in the DP treated RA patients. Antibodies to native DNA appeared in 3 DP treated patients, none of whom had symptoms of drug induced lupus or of DP toxicity. PMID- 3487647 TI - Complement activation in systemic lupus erythematosus: a marker of inflammation. AB - Previous investigators have established that complement activation occurs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Utilizing a new rapid method, an ELISA for C3d as a measure of activation products, 83 SLE plasmas and 24 controls were assayed. A retrospective correlation of C3d levels with the clinical assessment defined 4 subgroups of SLE patients: Group 1--clinically well with normal C3d levels (25%), Group 2--clinically ill with elevated C3d levels (34%), Group 3--clinically well with elevated C3d levels (39%), the largest group, and Group IV--clinically ill with normal C3d levels (2%). In the group of overtly ill patients with elevated C3d levels (Group 2) who were studied serially, C3d levels correlated with disease activity, suggesting that elevated C3d levels may be a marker for active SLE. Further prospective study is required to determine the significance of elevated C3d levels in clinically well patients. PMID- 3487648 TI - Familial abnormalities of lymphocyte function in a large Sjogren's syndrome kindred. AB - A large kindred (32 members), whose proband had primary Sjogren's syndrome, was investigated to ascertain whether abnormalities of lymphocyte function were present in family members of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Ten members of the kindred with autoimmune diseases, 17 blood relatives, 5 spouses, and 32 matched controls were studied. Concanavalin A induced suppression of pokeweed mitogen stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis was decreased in patients and blood relatives both with and without autoimmune diseases. Elevations of the mean T4/T8 ratio, due to decreased numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes, were present in both the disease group and the blood relatives. These abnormalities occurred independently of HLA and were not necessarily associated with autoantibodies. PMID- 3487649 TI - Autoantibody profiles in juvenile arthritis. AB - Serologic and correlational testing was performed in a series of 65 patients diagnosed as having juvenile arthritis (JA) and in 21 age matched controls to detect the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antibodies to ssDNA, IgM and IgG rheumatoid factor (RF), immune complexes (IC) and antibodies to bovine type I and human type II collagen. ANA were found in 51% of the JA patients; the highest incidence (75%) was noted in the pauciarticular onset disease group. Low levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies were detected in 22% of the patients, all of whom had active disease. IgM RF was detected in 35% of the JA patients but only 6% of patients had IgG RF. Similarly, about one fourth of the JA patients had IC detected by the Clq assay. Antibodies to bovine type I and human type II collagen were noted in about 12% of the JA patients. PMID- 3487650 TI - A prospective evaluation of 118 patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome: prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon, sicca symptoms, ANA, low complement, and Ig deposition at the dermal-epidermal junction. AB - One hundred eighteen consecutive patients with fibromyalgia were evaluated prospectively. Immunoglobulin deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction were found in only 4 of 36 patients. Twelve patients (14%) had at least one positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Eight patients (7%) had at least one low C3. Thirty-five patients (30%) has a history of Raynaud's phenomenon and 22 (18%) had sicca symptoms, defined as symptomatic dry eyes and mouth and a positive Schirmer test. The 35 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon had a significantly higher prevalence of sicca symptoms, positive ANA or low C3 compared to the 83 patients who did not have Raynaud's phenomenon. Thus, a subset of patients with fibromyalgia may have features suggestive of a systemic connective tissue disorder. PMID- 3487651 TI - Experimental autoimmune spondylodiscitis in rats. AB - Immunization of Lewis rats with nucleus pulposus in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, followed by in vivo injury of nucleus pulposus, induced spondylodiscitis characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration affecting the vertebral discs in 100% of experimental animals. Injury of the nucleus pulposus without prior immunization, or immunization without injury failed to induce spondylodiscitis. The nucleus pulposus, that is not antigenic normally, can lose its immunologic tolerance by the injection of syngeneic nucleus pulposus. When immunocompetent cells come into contact with the nucleus pulposus after tissue injury, an autoimmune response may appear. PMID- 3487652 TI - Methotrexate toxicity in a patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - A 61-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with methotrexate developed bone marrow hypoplasia after treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. The bone marrow recovered after stopping methotrexate. PMID- 3487653 TI - Erosive arthritis of the costovertebral joint in seronegative spondyloarthropathy. AB - A 50-year-old male presented with polyarthritis and pain of the right costovertebral angle in the cervicothoracic area. Radiological findings in a sacroiliac joint, the presence of a syndesmophyte, the HLA B-27 phenotype and negative serological studies prompted the diagnosis of HLA-B27 related seronegative spondyloarthropathy. Conventional and computerized tomograms disclosed an erosive arthritis of the 1st right costovertebral joint that was responsible for the pain in the costovertebral angle. We are unaware of previous CT scan documentation of such lesions. PMID- 3487655 TI - Isolation of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae from genital tract specimens with a selective culture medium. AB - A series of 2027 genital tract specimens was cultured for Haemophilus species on non-selective chocolate agar and on a selective medium (Choc-VBCA). The latter gave a significantly higher isolation rate. H. influenzae was isolated from 27 specimens and H. parainfluenzae from 81 specimens by use of the selective medium. The biotype distribution of both species was compared with that of an equal number of isolates from respiratory-tract secretions. H. influenzae biotypes II and IV were found to predominate in genital strains and biotypes II and III in respiratory strains. With H. parainfluenzae, biotype II was most frequent in both sites. Two new biotypes of H. parainfluenzae (VI and VII) are described. The significance of the use of selective media and of biotype distribution are discussed. PMID- 3487656 TI - Interaction between gene II protein and the DNA replication origin of bacteriophage f1. AB - The origin of DNA replication of the filamentous bacteriophage f1 binds its initiator protein (gene II protein) in vitro to form a complex that can be trapped on nitrocellulose filters. The binding occurs with both superhelical form DNA and linear DNA fragments. A number of defective mutants of the origin were tested for the ability to bind gene II protein. The region of DNA required for the binding is around a second palindrome downstream from the palindrome that contains the DNA replication initiation site. It overlaps, but is not identical to, the region required for the nicking reaction by the protein. The nicking site itself was dispensable for the binding. In vivo, a number of defective deletion mutants of the origin, when in a plasmid, inhibited growth of superinfecting phage if the intracellular level of gene II protein was low. In addition, these defective origins inhibited the activity of the functional phage origin located on the same replicon. The domain of the DNA sequence required for inhibition in vivo was consistent with that for the binding in vitro. PMID- 3487654 TI - Deletion of the steroid 21-hydroxylase and complement C4 genes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - DNA was analysed from 20 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P-450 steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Using probes recognising sequences in both the 21-hydroxylase gene and the adjacent fourth component of complement (C4), one patient was found to have a homozygous deletion of DNA which encompassed the C4B and 21-hydroxylase B genes. Evidence is presented for this deletion arising by recombination between homologous regions of 21-hydroxylase A and B. Seven patients appeared to be heterozygous for the same deletion, but no detectable alteration in the 21-hydroxylase gene could be demonstrated in others. PMID- 3487657 TI - Machado-Joseph disease: the vestibular presentation. AB - Three patients presented with Machado-Joseph disease. We documented the vestibular abnormalities characteristic of Machado-Joseph disease during clinical examination. Electronystagmographic (ENG) abnormalities included bilateral gaze nystagmus, saccadic pursuit and failure of fixation suppression suggestive of cerebellar-brainstem pathology. Machado-Joseph disease is a degenerative neurological condition, inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. It occurs in patients of Portuguese Azorean extraction. We suggest that otolaryngologists with a referral base including a Portuguese community be familiar with this disease as it may present in its early stages with symptoms of non-specific imbalance. PMID- 3487658 TI - Intravesical transurethral electrotherapy for the neurogenic bladder. AB - Intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation is a rehabilitative and diagnostic technique for the neurogenic bladder. The goal of therapy is 3-fold: 1) to achieve the sensation of bladder filling or the urge to void, 2) to initiate a detrusor contraction and 3) to achieve conscious urinary control. The procedure combines direct electrical stimulation of bladder receptors with visual biofeedback using patient observance of a water manometric representation of the detrusor response. Since November 1984 we have evaluated and/or treated 24 patients with a neurogenic bladder. An electrocatheter is passed transurethrally into the bladder and the bladder is filled to a third of its capacity with normal saline. We then deliver 2 to 6 mA. every 3 seconds for 90 minutes. Full treatment usually requires 30 to 90 sessions. Of the 24 patients 13 had only 1 evaluation and 10 had 3 to 39 sessions. Of those 10 patients 7 had significant detrusor activity that had not been present before treatment and 4 have a sensation to void. The remaining child underwent 110 sessions. He has controlled detrusor contractions resulting in a normal voiding pattern. It appears that intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation may be helpful diagnostically to determine the stimulus response of bladder function and therapeutically to rehabilitate the neurogenic bladder toward full control. PMID- 3487659 TI - An outbreak of a newly recognized chronic diarrhea syndrome associated with raw milk consumption. AB - A previously undescribed chronic diarrhea syndrome affected 122 residents of Brainerd, Minn, between December 1983 and July 1984. The illness lasted at least one year for 75% of case-patients and was characterized by acute onset, marked urgency, a lack of systemic symptoms, and a failure of response to antimicrobial agents. Clinical and laboratory data indicate that the diarrhea was caused by a secretory mechanism. Consumption of raw milk from a single dairy was associated with illness (odds ratio, 28.3; 95% confidence interval, 9.0 to 89.0). A median incubation period of 15 days was determined for seven case-patients. Possible secondary transmission was noted in one family. Extensive laboratory examination did not identify an etiologic agent. Outbreaks or sporadic cases of a similar illness have occurred in at least seven states; the outbreaks were less extensively investigated and findings were not published, but raw milk consumption was common in the affected persons. This illness appears to represent a previously unrecognized but important clinical entity and public health problem. The etiology and effective therapy for this illness must be determined by further studies of sporadic cases and outbreaks. PMID- 3487660 TI - A case of Sjogren's syndrome with valvular diseases. AB - The case of a 61 year old woman with Sjogren's syndrome with aortic and mitral stenosis is reported. She suffered from rheumatic fever at a young age. Physical and echocardiographic examinations showed findings of mitral and aortic valve stenosis. In addition, she had experienced xerostomia, a gritty sensation in the eyes and Raynaud's phenomenon. Blood examination showed hypergammaglobulinemia, positive rheumatoid factor, antinuclear and anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies. The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome was confirmed by sialography and biopsy of the labial salivary gland. The combination of valvular disease and Sjogren's syndrome is rare and the etiological correlation is discussed. PMID- 3487661 TI - [A case of chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic crisis with B-cell markers]. PMID- 3487662 TI - [A case of T cell lymphoma with marked proliferation of histiocytes]. PMID- 3487663 TI - [A basic in vitro study on pepsinogen secretion in the bullfrog]. PMID- 3487664 TI - Long-term effect of 1 alpha (OH) D3 on serum osteocalcin level. PMID- 3487665 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflex abnormality in Behcet's disease. AB - Visual modulation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was analyzed in 16 patients with non-neurologic Behcet's disease who had no manifest vestibular or ocular-motor symptoms. The VOR gains in the darkness were elevated in 63% of the patients. The elevated gain in the darkness was not attributed with certainty to vestibular adaptation to defective smooth pursuit, because only 25% of the patients manifested impaired smooth pursuit eye movements. Visual impairment occurred in some patients but did not correlate with the VOR elevation. An unknown mechanism affecting the vestibular system has been considered. The VOR elevation in the darkness may suggest the presence of a latent brainstem abnormality in the patients. PMID- 3487666 TI - Conduction pattern of excitation in the amphibian atrium assessed by multiple site optical recording of action potentials. AB - Spontaneous action potentials were monitored from multiple sites in the bullfrog atrium using a voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye together with a 100 element photodiode matrix array, and we have assessed the spread of the excitation from the pacemaker. Isochrone curves of conduction were obtained by timing the initiation of the action potential-related optical signals: we constructed maps of the spread. Excitatory waves appeared to conduct radially from the pacemaking area over the atrium, and the conduction velocity in the left atrium exceeded that in the right atrium. PMID- 3487667 TI - Conduction velocity of action potentials measured from unidimensional latency topography in human and frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Conduction of an action potential along skeletal muscle fibers was graphically displayed by unidimensional latency-topography, UDLT. Since the slopes of the equipotential line were linear and the width of the line was constant, it was possible to calculate conduction velocity from the slope. To determine conduction direction of the muscle action potential elicited by electric stimulation applied directly to the muscle, surface recording electrodes were placed on a two dimensional plane over a human muscle. Thus a bi-dimensional topography was obtained. Then, twelve or sixteen surface electrodes were placed linearly along the longitudinal direction of the action potential conduction which was disclosed by the bi-dimensional topography. Thus conduction velocity of muscle action potential in man, calculated from the slope, was for m. brachioradialis, 3.9 +/- 0.4 m/s; for m. biceps brachii, 3.6 +/- 0.2 m/s; for m. sternocleidomastoideus, 3.6 +/- 0.4 m/s. By using a tungsten microelectrode to stimulate the motor axons, a convex-like equipotential line of an action potential in UDLT was obtained from human muscle fibers. Since a similar pattern of UDLT was obtained from experiments on isolated frog muscles, in which the muscle action potential was elicited by stimulating the motor axon, it was assumed that the maximum of the curve corresponds to the end-plate region, and that the slopes on both sides indicate bi-directional conduction of the action potential. PMID- 3487668 TI - Recent advances in the management of variceal bleeding. AB - A prospective randomized trial of selective distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) versus H-graft interposition total shunt at Emory Hospital in 1971 showed DSRS to be superior to a total shunt in shunt patency, prevention of variceal bleeding, preserving hepatic cell function, preserving the quality of life and patient survival. These results were particularly evident in the non-alcoholic patients. In the alcoholic patients, there was a greater loss of hepatic portal perfusion. In a later phase of the study, it was found that pancreatic veins formed a pathway of collaterals to the shunt, that is a so-called pancreatic siphon. In order to prevent loss of portal and pancreatic flow through the siphon, a total spleno-pancreatic disconnection was developed, whereby the hormone diversion is expected to be diminished. PMID- 3487669 TI - [Aorto-coronary bypass surgery in variant angina and ST-elevation angina]. PMID- 3487670 TI - Role of T-cell subsets in the destruction of established metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - The 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma metastasizes with high frequency to regional lymph nodes and lungs. The intratumoral injection of Corynebacterium parvum on day 7 followed by primary tumor excision on day 20 significantly prolonged survival and cured 10-40% of syngeneic F344 rats. Established metastases were destroyed by the treatment, and strong and specific tumor rejection immunity was induced. The purpose of the present study was to determine if T-cells were required for the C. parvum treatment to be effective and to identify the subsets of T-lymphocytes that might participate in the response. The results indicated that rats depleted by either neonatal thymectomy or a combination of adult thymectomy, 900 rad, and bone marrow reconstitution did not inhibit tumor growth after C. parvum treatment. Restoration of depleted rats with lymph node cells permitted effective treatment. The lymph node cells that were responsible for restoration expressed both W3/13 (pan-T-cell) and W3/25 (helper T cell) membrane-associated differentiation antigens. T-cells that bore the MRC OX8 (cytotoxic-suppressor T-cell) antigen did not restore the response to C. parvum treatment. The effect of lymph node restoration was markedly potentiated by simultaneous administration of thymocytes, a T-cell population that expresses both W3/25 and MRC OX8 antigens. In conclusion, the cytotoxic-suppressor T-cells were ineffective in the restoration of T-cell-depleted, tumor-bearing rats to benefit from C. parvum but helper T-cells were highly effective, and their activity was strongly potentiated by administration of thymocyte amplifier cells. PMID- 3487672 TI - [Effect of biological rhythm on the electroretinogram of the isolated frog retina]. PMID- 3487671 TI - Role of the loop segment in the urinary concentrating defect of hypercalcemia. AB - Hypercalcemia is associated with impaired urinary concentrating ability. To explore the mechanism(s) by which hypercalcemia impairs chloride transport in the loop of Henle, we carried out in vivo microperfusion of the loop segment in Sprague-Dawley rats rendered acutely hypercalcemic (12.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dliter) by calcium gluconate infusion. Control rats were infused with sodium gluconate and had normal plasma calcium (8.0 +/- 0.2 mg/dliter). Compared to control, fractional chloride reabsorption was decreased (61 +/- 4 to 50 +/- 3%; P less than 0.05) and early distal chloride increased 74 +/- 6 to 98 +/- 3 mEq/liter (P less than 0.001) in hypercalcemia. During hypercalcemia, infusion of verapamil failed to increase fractional chloride reabsorption (49 +/- 4%; P less than 0.05) or decrease early distal chloride (95 +/- 2; P less than 0.05) toward control values. Similarly, indomethacin did not improve fractional chloride reabsorption (48 +/- 4%; P less than 0.05) or distal chloride concentration (93 +/- 7; P less than 0.05). In control rats infused with Ringers HCO3, the addition of calcium 8.0 mEq/liter to the perfusate increased early distal calcium (9.22 to 3.11 mEq/liter) but was associated with no change in fractional chloride reabsorption (-6 +/- 6%) and a slight decrease in early distal chloride (-9 +/- 3 mEq/liter; P less than 0.05). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that an elevated plasma, not luminal calcium, concentration impairs chloride reabsorption in the loop segment, primarily the ADH-stimulated component. This may have an important role in the urinary concentrating defect of hypercalcemia. PMID- 3487674 TI - [Case of histiocytosis X]. PMID- 3487673 TI - [Frequency of HLA B7, Bw22, B27 and B40 antigens in specific complications of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 3487675 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes of patients operated on for congenital heart defects]. PMID- 3487676 TI - [Diagnostic significance of quantitative determination of C-reactive protein in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3487677 TI - Nursing the thymus. PMID- 3487678 TI - Versatile three-channel stimulation controller for restoration of bladder function in paraplegia. AB - This compact Ni-Cd powered stimulation controller has been designed to operate, by means of appropriate transmitters, a three-channel RF coupled implant for paraplegic bladder control. A wide range of stimulation options may be selected by the use of control lines to CMOS analogue gates. Transdermal transmitters (Hartley oscillators) are driven by power amplifiers of virtually zero quiescent current. Overload protection circuitry which takes account of the pulsatile nature of the output, allows confident use of smaller power transistors than would be required for standard current limit or fold-back protection. PMID- 3487679 TI - Acute effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activity in neonatal or prepubertal rat testis. AB - In contrast to the situation in adults, desensitization of androgen production, secondary to loss of enzyme activity, was not found in testes of neonatal rats exposed to human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). In the present study attention was given to the acute effects of a single injection of hCG upon the activity of testicular 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C17,20-lyase and the concentration of testosterone in the serum of 5, 10 or 28-30 day old rats was investigated. Tritiated H2O from 17 alpha-[3H]progesterone and 14CH3COOH from 21 [14C]progesterone were the products measured to evaluate hydroxylase and lyase activities respectively. Large increases in hCG in the serum were detected within 2 h of a subcutaneous injection. Testosterone, which was highest in 5 day animals, increased quickly in all animals given hCG. In 28-30-day old animals, the concentration of this steroid began to fall 24 h after injection of hCG. 17 alpha-Hydroxylase activity decreased in the testes of all animals given hCG, but only after a brief increase. Activity returned to the starting level, or above, within 24 h in 5 or 10-day old animals. In 28-30-day old rats the activity of both enzymes decreased dramatically to a nadir at 24 h, but increased thereafter. The results indicate that desensitization of testicular androgen synthesizing enzymes occurs in neonatal as well as older testes stimulated with hCG, but the desensitization was very brief in neonatal animals and no desensitization of lyase was found in 5-day old rat testes. PMID- 3487680 TI - Assay of primate seminiferous tubule androgen receptors using [3H]mibolerone. AB - The synthetic radiolabelled androgen mibolerone (7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl-19 nortestosterone) was used to characterize androgen receptor binding in the seminiferous tubules from Cynomolgus monkey testis. Mibolerone binding was of high affinity (Kd = 0.6-5.4 nM) and limited capacity (37-50 fmol/mg protein), and was androgen specific. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation using a vertical tube rotor permitted the identification of a 9S molybdate-stabilized receptor under low salt conditions. The receptor bound to DEAE-cellulose. Methyltrienolone, but not mibolerone, also bound to a low affinity high capacity binding site in tubule cytosol, which probably represents glucocorticoid receptor binding, since it could be displaced by excess dexamethasone. However, occupancy of this low-affinity binding site by dexamethasone in an androgen receptor assay with [3H]methyltrienolone lead to a 33% underestimation of receptor binding, which appeared to relate to radioactive decomposition. Mibolerone, as well as methyltrienolone, bound to a progestin-binding protein in seminiferous tubule cytosol. These studies provide methods for the study of seminiferous tubule androgen receptors in subhuman primates and indicate that, due to its greater stability and lack of binding to glucocorticoid receptor, mibolerone is a useful new ligand in the study of androgen receptors in testis and its constituent cells. PMID- 3487681 TI - Gastric leiomyoma presenting with intraperitoneal haemorrhage. AB - A case is reported of intraperitoneal haemorrhage arising from a gastric leiomyoma. This is a rare manifestation of this tumour which usually presents with perforation, ulceration, or obstruction. PMID- 3487682 TI - Changes in serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase caused by acute perioperative myocardial infarction and by transatrial cardiac surgical procedures. AB - A prospective clinical study was conducted to ascertain if a patient's postoperative elevation in serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme coupled with determination of the lactate dehydrogenase1/lactate dehydrogenase2 ratio could differentiate whether atrial or ventricular myocardium was the source of these changes. Animal studies have shown that atrial myocardium is as rich a source of creatine kinase MB as is ventricular myocardium. Atrial myocardium has a lactate dehydrogenase1/lactate dehydrogenase2 ratio less than 1.00, whereas in ventricular myocardium the ratio is greater than 1.00. Sixty-four patients were assigned to six groups on the basis of serial electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms by a cardiologist who was unaware of their clinical courses. The control group (Group 1) consisted of 16 patients admitted to the coronary care unit who had no electrocardiographic changes. Three surgical groups without electrocardiographic or vectorcardiographic evidence of perioperative myocardial infarction were studied: 10 patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass procedures (Group 2), six adults undergoing repair of secundum atrial septal defect (Group 3), and 13 patients having mitral valve replacement (Group 4). Two groups of surgical patients who had acute perioperative transmural myocardial infarctions confirmed by serial electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were studied: 15 patients (Group 5) who had elective coronary artery bypass procedures and four (Group 6) who had mitral valve replacement. This study suggests that serum creatine kinase MB levels in excess of 50 IU/L on the postoperative day 1 and day 2 samples coupled with serum lactate dehydrogenase1/lactate dehydrogenase2 ratios greater than 1.00 on the postoperative day 2 and day 3 samples support the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Patient groups undergoing procedures necessitating atriotomies had average elevations in serum creatine kinase MB and in the lactate dehydrogenase1/lactate dehydrogenase2 ratio, but these were significantly less than those seen when acute perioperative myocardial infarction had occurred. PMID- 3487683 TI - Intraoperative assessment of the physiologic significance of coronary stenosis in humans. AB - Coronary angiography is generally considered the gold standard in assessing the significance of coronary stenosis. The inadequacy of coronary angiography has frequently been demonstrated by intraoperative findings that differ from those projected by the catheterization report. To better assess the physiologic significance of coronary stenosis, we measured intramyocardial pH intraoperatively in 50 myocardial segments supplied by stenotic coronary arteries before and after revascularization in 42 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and pH responses to atrial pacing were recorded intraoperatively before and after revascularization. The coronary angiograms, performed within 3 months before bypass grafting, were reviewed by a single independent observer. Preoperative and postoperative radionuclide ventriculograms were performed and also reviewed by an independent observer. In response to atrial pacing, a fall exceeding 0.02 pH units was considered to represent ischemia and was observed in 28 segments. Patients exhibiting this response comprised Group I. Twenty-two segments demonstrated a fall of less than 0.02 pH units or a rise in pH in response to atrial pacing. Patients having this response comprised Group II. Segments in Group I responded dramatically to revascularization, with the pH during atrial pacing rising from 0.09 +/- 0.01 to -0.02 +/- 0.01 (p less than 0.001). Nine patients demonstrated ischemic S-T changes during atrial pacing, all in Group I. Pre-pacing hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups. Group I patients, however, demonstrated a significant fall in mean arterial pressure during atrial pacing, from 92.0 +/- 3.0 to 78.4 +/- 3.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) whereas Group II patients did not. Twelve segments that angiograms indicated were supplied by critically stenotic vessels (greater than 75%) failed to demonstrate a significant fall in their pH during atrial pacing. In these segments, intraoperative findings and postoperative results corroborated the metabolic findings. Coronary angiography, therefore, was only 45% specific in assessing physiologically significant obstructions. The degree of segmental wall motion abnormalities likewise correlated poorly with the pH changes. Unlike coronary angiography, the response of intramyocardial pH to pacing is an accurate metabolic tool to assess myocardial ischemia in humans. PMID- 3487684 TI - Effect of advanced age on the induction by androgen or thyroid hormone of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor mRNA in the submandibular glands of C57BL/6 male mice. AB - We have compared the responsiveness of the submandibular glands of mature (12 month old) and senescent (26-28 month old) male C57BL/6 mice to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or triiodothyronine (T3) in terms of steady state levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein and EGF mRNA. Northern blot analyses did not disclose any differences with age in the apparent sizes of EGF mRNA species. In untreated animals, submandibular glands of 26-28-month-old mice contained approximately 50% less EGF, and 75% less EGF mRNA than those of 12 month-old males. With advanced age, there was a 20% reduction in the absolute volume of the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) compartment, which is the exclusive site of EGF and EGF mRNA in the gland. In general, GCTs of old mice were composed of smaller cells with fewer secretion granules, but there was considerable cell-to-cell variation. In addition, there was greater variation in the intensity of immunocytochemical staining for EGF in senescent GCT cells, which also gave a lower and more variable in situ hybridization signal for EGF mRNA. After hormonal stimulation for 1 week with either tri-iodothyronine (T3) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), EGF protein concentration in the glands was induced to the same level at both ages. However, EGF mRNA was 50% less abundant in old hormonally stimulated glands, compared to similarly treated young ones. Although many GCT cells in treated glands of senescent males respond to hormonal stimulation by increases in size and in content of secretion granules, there was cell-to-cell variation in responsiveness, especially after treatment with T3. These findings indicate that the decreases seen in the entire gland in EGF and EGF mRNA are caused by a wide-spread deterioration of the GCT cells themselves, which apparently can be reversed in many but not all GCT cells by stimulation with supraphysiologic doses of either T3 or DHT. PMID- 3487686 TI - [A cross-sectional study at a somatic hospital in Gothenburg: Every 4th hospitalized man is an alcoholic]. PMID- 3487685 TI - Vitamin E supplementation suppresses prostaglandin E1(2) synthesis and enhances the immune response of aged mice. AB - The potential for vitamin E to modulate prostaglandin metabolism and alter immune response in aged mice was studied. Semi-purified diets containing 30 ppm or 500 ppm dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (VitE) were fed for 6 weeks to young (3 months) and old (24 months) C57BL/6J mice. Delayed hypersensitivity skin test to DNFB and the proliferative response of splenocytes to T- and B-cell mitogens were assessed. Ex-vivo synthesis of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured in spleen homogenates and serum vitamin E was measured by HPLC. Vitamin E supplementation of aged mice enhanced percent ear swelling to DNFB as well as the mitogenic response of splenocytes to Con A and LPS (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, spleen homogenates from old mice fed 30 ppm VitE had a significantly higher PGE2 level than young mice fed 30 ppm VitE and old mice fed 500 ppm VitE (3.20 +/- 0.07 micrograms/g vs. 2.60 +/- 0.08 and 2.3 +/- 0.10, respectively). Thus, the vitamin E enhanced immune response of aged mice appears to be mediated by decreased prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 3487687 TI - [Consumption of anti-inflammatory agents is not unusual in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3487688 TI - Total leukocytes, T cell subpopulation and natural killer (NK) cell activity in rats exposed to restraint stress. AB - Rats were stressed by immobilization for 3 hrs daily for 11 days and either sacrificed immediately after the last stress session (chronic stress group) or allowed to recover for 12 days and then sacrificed (recovery group). After 11 days of stress, leukocytes and lymphocytes were significantly decreased and neutrophils and large granular lymphocytes were markedly increased. The number of total, helper and suppressor T cells was significantly decreased but the percentage of T cells remained unchanged. Natural Killer (NK) cell activity was unaffected. After a 12 day recovery period from stress, the number of leukocytes returned to normal but the percentage of neutrophils was now below baseline whereas the percentages of lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes had increased significantly. The number and percentage of total T cells and helper T cells was enhanced and NK cell activity tended to be increased. Thus, chronic stress as well as recovery from stress can affect individual components of the cellular immune system quite selectively and differently. In addition, a comparison of the effects of stress seen in this study with healthy rats with those seen under identical conditions in tumor bearing rats shows that stress or recovery from stress can affect the immune system differently in healthy or tumor bearing animals. PMID- 3487689 TI - Expression of Ia and the production of interleukin 1 by peritoneal exudate macrophages activated in vivo by steroids. AB - The in vivo stimulatory potential of estrogens and progestogens on monocytes/macrophages was examined in peritoneal exudate cells from Balb/cBy mice treated with continuous infusions for 15 days. Mice received a daily dose of 6.6 X 10(-10) M of one of the following compounds: prednisone, testosterone, estrogens--17 beta-estradiol and diethylstilbesterol, progestogens--progesterone and ethisterone and the bile acid lithocholic acid. Although total numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and the percentage of macrophages within those populations did not change with any of the treatments, the number of Ia-positive cells did significantly increase with the two estrogens, the two progestogens and the bile acid given the mice. The production of interleukin 1 was also stimulated by the treatment of the animals with the two estrogens, the two progestogens, and the bile acid, but not the glucocorticoid or testosterone. The activation of Ia expression, therefore, correlated with the production of IL-1. Estrogens and progestogens appear to have a marked effect on in vivo activation of monocytes/macrophages and may relate to differences in females and males in developing immune responses related to the actions of monocytes/macrophages. PMID- 3487692 TI - A single-step technique for selecting and cloning hybridomas for monoclonal antibody production. PMID- 3487690 TI - Serotonin uptake inhibitors and the prejunctional effects of serotonin on peripheral sympathetic nerves. AB - The experiments were designed to study whether the inhibitors of the uptake of serotonin (5-HT) potentiated the prejunctional effects of 5-HT on peripheral sympathetic nerves. The effect of two selective 5-HT uptake inhibitors, citalopram and fluoxetine, were studied on the presynaptic actions of 5-HT in the cat isolated nictitating membrane and in the guinea-pig isolated atria. Frequency effect curves to nerve stimulation and concentration-response curves to noradrenaline (NA) were performed in both preparations. The facilitation that 0.1 microM 5-HT causes on the contractile responses to nerve stimulation of the nictitating membrane of the cat was not potentiated but entirely prevented by both 0.01 microM citalopram and 1.0 microM fluoxetine. On the other hand the diminution that 1.0 microM 5-HT evokes on the chronotropic responses to nerve stimulation of guinea-pig isolated atria was not modified at all by 0.1 and 1.0 microM fluoxetine and only partially prevented by 10.0 microM fluoxetine and by 0.001 microM, 0.01 microM and 0.1 microM citalopram. This latter effect of citalopram was unrelated to the concentration employed. The 5-HT uptake inhibitors did not modify per se either the responses to nerve stimulation or the sensitivity to exogenous NA in both tissues studied. In addition, the 5-HT uptake inhibitors did not interfere with the contractile responses caused by 5-HT in the cat isolated nictitating membrane. Taken together, these observations might indicate a pharmacological rather than a physiological role for the effects of 5 HT in guinea-pig isolated atria and cat nictitating membranes. It is concluded that the 5-HT uptake inhibitors do not potentiate but even antagonize the presynaptic effects of 5-HT. Our results also show that 5-HT uptake inhibitors are more effective to interfere with the facilitation rather than with the inhibition that 5-HT causes on sympathetic responses. PMID- 3487691 TI - Hemiparkinsonism in monkeys after unilateral internal carotid artery infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). AB - Infusion of MPTP (0.2-0.8 mg/kg) into the right internal carotid artery of monkeys produces toxin-induced injury to the right nigrostriatal pathway with sparing of other dopaminergic neurones on the infused side and with negligible or little injury to the opposite, untreated side. There are contralateral limb dystonic postures, rigidity, and bradykinesia, but the animals are able to eat and maintain health without drug treatment. Spontaneous motor activity is attended by circling towards the injured side, whereas treatment with L-DOPA/ carbidopa or apomorphine stimulates circling towards the intact side. Dopamine and dopamine metabolite levels are normal in the left caudate and putamen, but markedly depressed on the right (MPTP-treated) side. This animal hemiparkinsonian model will be useful in studies of volitional movement control, drug treatments of Parkinson's disease, and functional efficacy of brain tissue implants. PMID- 3487693 TI - An indirect rosette technique for the identification and separation of lymphocyte populations by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3487694 TI - Antigen presentation by human antigen-presenting cells to antigen-specific xenogeneic murine T cells. AB - Successful antigen presentation by xenogeneic human antigen-presenting cells (APC) to stimulate the proliferation of antigen-specific, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific, ovalbumin (OVA)-specific, and purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD)-specific murine T cells was observed. Evidence indicating a direct cell interaction between antigen-specific murine T cells and xenogeneic human APC was given by experiments using antigen specific murine T cell clones. The OVA-specific B10.S(9R) T cell line (9-0-A1) and PPD-specific B10.A(4R) T cell line (4-P-1) were stimulated by both xenogeneic human APC and murine APC from syngeneic or I-A compatible strains, while the PPD specific human T cell line (Y-P-5) was stimulated by autologous human APC but not by murine APC. Anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) blocked the xenogeneic human APC-antigen-specific murine T cell clone interaction. Thus, human xenogeneic APC can stimulate antigen-specific murine T cells through HLA-DR molecules in the same manner as syngeneic murine APC do through Ia molecules coded for by the I region of the H-2 complex, while murine APC failed to present antigen to stimulate human antigen-specific T cells. PMID- 3487695 TI - Induction of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus with syngeneic anti idiotype antibodies in mice. AB - Anti-idiotype antibodies were induced by injecting BALB/c mice with syngeneic antibody against the hemagglutinin of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). These anti idiotype antibodies were purified and injected into syngeneic mice. Anti-anti idiotype sera thus prepared contained antibodies against the hemagglutinin of NDV. This NDV-mouse experimental system might provide a good experimental model for investigation of basic problems of idiotype vaccine. PMID- 3487696 TI - Longitudinal studies of growth: defining "normal". PMID- 3487697 TI - Anthropometric status and body composition in aboriginal women of the Kimberley region. AB - A detailed cross-sectional anthropometric study in which weight, height, three circumferences and four skinfolds were measured in 114 Aboriginal women aged 15 79 years was undertaken in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Highly significant increases with age were observed for all measurements except height. Subcutaneous fat distribution in Aboriginal women was found to be more central than in white women, and the use of triceps skinfold to predict body fat in Aboriginal women gave lower estimates of body fat in this group than did the use of multiple skinfolds. Further work is needed to determine the accuracy of applying prediction equations that are based on skinfold measurements in white women, to assess total body fat in Aboriginal women. However, the data from this study do suggest that for a given body mass index Aboriginal women have more subcutaneous fat (as assessed from four skinfold measurements) and, consequently, a higher percentage of body fat than have white women. PMID- 3487698 TI - Smoking in an industrial population. An analysis by birth cohort. AB - Between 1981 and 1984, 10,923 male and 624 female employees of the Australian petroleum industry were interviewed and the information that was collected included a detailed life-time smoking history. Comparison with another survey suggested that, in terms of smoking habits at least, this industrial population did not differ substantially from the general population. On the assumption that reasons for entering and leaving the industry are unconnected with smoking habit, the data were analysed by birth cohorts. In men, each successive generation has contained fewer smokers at every age over 20 years and this is due both to a reduction in the rate of starting to smoke, and to an increase in the cessation rates. In the case of women, the situation is reversed, and successive generations show an increasing prevalence and increasing starting rates. PMID- 3487699 TI - Premature adult mortality and short-stay hospitalization in Western Australia attributable to the smoking of tobacco, 1979-1983. AB - The proportions of total deaths and premature adult mortality in 1979-1983, and of short-stay hospital admissions and bed-days in 1983, that were attributable to the smoking of tobacco were estimated in Western Australia by the use of aetiological fractions that had been derived from the published literature. Premature adult mortality was measured by the person-years of life that were lost from ages 15 to 69 years (PYLL 15-69). In men it was estimated that 25% of all deaths and 14% of PYLL 15-69 were attributable to smoking. In women the corresponding proportions were 15% of deaths and 8% of PYLL 15-69. The proportions of short-stay hospital bed-days that were attributable to smoking were estimated at 7% in men and 3% in women; for hospital admissions the estimates were 4% and 1% in men and women, respectively. In all, tobacco-related disease and injury accounted for around 1700 deaths and 7500 short-stay hospitalizations each year in a population of 1.4 million persons. PMID- 3487701 TI - The dual role of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific antibodies. PMID- 3487700 TI - [Cross sectional studies of respiratory symptoms and ventilation function in a group of 462 farmers]. PMID- 3487702 TI - Mechanism of action of cyclosporine A on the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of mice. PMID- 3487703 TI - The effect of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction on virus clearance and pathogenicity. PMID- 3487704 TI - Studies concerning the relationship of Pichinde virus-induced natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 3487705 TI - Induction of allospecific and virus-specific memory cytotoxic T cells during acute arenavirus infections. PMID- 3487706 TI - Numbers of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and CTL precursor cells in spleens of mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. PMID- 3487707 TI - Characteristics of the inflammatory process in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis. PMID- 3487708 TI - Production or prevention of neurologic disease by continuous lines of arenavirus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 3487709 TI - Cloned cytotoxic T cells specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induce acute disease and primary footpad swelling in infected mice. PMID- 3487710 TI - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced disease of the central nervous system and the "antigen-sink" hypothesis. PMID- 3487711 TI - Area weighted convolutional interpolation for data reprojection in single photon emission computed tomography. AB - A data reprojection algorithm has been developed for use in single photon emission computed tomography on an array processor equipped computer system. The algorithm makes use of an accurate representation of pixel activity (uniform square pixel model of intensity distribution), and is rapidly performed due to the efficient handling of an array-based algorithm and the fast Fourier transform on parallel processing hardware. The algorithm consists of using a pixel driven nearest-neighbor projection operation to an array of subdivided projection bins. The subdivided project bin array is then convolved with the angle-dependent projection of the area of a uniform square pixel and compressed to original bin size. The new algorithm has thus been named the area weighted convolution (AWC) method of interpolation. When compared to nearest-neighbor and linear interpolation algorithms, the new AWC algorithm was found to be more accurate, having an accuracy approaching that of the line length algorithm. It also yielded an easier and more efficient implementation on parallel hardware than line length or linear interpolation, with faster execution times than either. PMID- 3487713 TI - Role of the N-terminal regions of hog C3a, C5a and C5a-desArg in their biological activities. AB - The N-terminal regions of the complement peptides C3a, C5a and C5a-desArg (purified from yeast-activated hog serum) were gradually shortened by incubation with leucine amino peptidase. This treatment led to the following changes in the biological activities of these peptides: the potencies of C5a and C5a-desArg in aggregation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and of guinea-pig platelets, and their ability to deactivate these cells were gradually diminished; the chemotactic effect of C5a-desArg on human leukocytes was similarly lowered, while the chemotactic potency of C5a was even increased up to the loss of the first 12 N-terminal amino acids. However, after removal of the whole N-terminal region (i.e. 20 amino acids distal of the first disulfide bridge) the potency of both peptides was decreased to a few percent. In contrast, C3a totally lost its platelet-aggregating as well as deactivating activity already after cleavage of 10-15 N-terminal amino acids by LAP. On leukocytes, on the other hand, C3a retained some activity even after the loss of the whole N-terminal region. These results indicate that the N-terminal regions play an important role for biological activities of the three complement peptides, possibly by stabilizing the optimal conformation of their C-terminal regions which contain the receptor activating domains. PMID- 3487712 TI - Hominoid triosephosphate isomerase: characterization of the major cell proliferation specific isozyme. AB - Proliferating cells derived from hominoid species contain electrophoretically separable forms of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), including a constitutive isozyme and major and minor cell proliferation specific isozymes. Genetic studies have shown that the constitutive and inducible isozymes are products of the same structural gene. A procedure has been developed for the rapid isolation of the constitutive and major proliferation specific TPI isozymes from human lymphoblastoid B cells. [35S]methionine labeled isozymes were purified through several steps of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sufficient quantities for turnover studies and preliminary structural analysis. The intact isozymes were subjected to 23 steps of automated Edman degradation; both preparations yield a [35S] PTH-methionine only at cycle 14, as expected if the protein is TPI. Neither isozyme contains a blocked NH2-terminus and length heterogeneity at the amino terminal does not exist. A comparison of the two purified isozymes on 2-D PAGE confirms that the constitutive isozyme consists of only type 1 subunits while the major proliferation specific isozyme is composed of a type 1 subunit and a unique type 2 subunit. The type 1 and type 2 subunits differ by at least four charge units under native, nondenaturing conditions of electrophoresis but do not differ in molecular mass. The difference between the type 1 and type 2 subunits is covalent, as the difference in isoelectric point between the two subunits is stable to both 2% SDS and 8 M urea. The expression of TPI-2 does not correlate with the existence of the labile asparagine residues. Turnover studies indicate that the level of each subunit is regulated by differences in rates of synthesis rather than degradation but a precursor-product relationship between the subunits was not observed. Thus the mechanism for synthesis of TPI-2 must operate either during mRNA processing or nascent peptide synthesis and then only in cells from hominoid species. PMID- 3487714 TI - Depressed lectin-dependent and enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with stage I cancer of the larynx. AB - Lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with stage I cancer of the larynx (LC) was evaluated using human adherent 3H-TdR-prelabeled HEp-2 carcinoma cells as targets at 50:1 effector-target ratio with 25 micrograms/ml concanavalin A (Con A) in a 24-hour assay. Under these conditions, but without Con A, no considerable natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was performed by PBMC either from control or from LC donors. Depressed levels of LDCC, but augmented ADCC to chicken red blood cells were detected in LC patients. Natural killer activity to K562 targets was not different from that of control subjects. In parallel studies, normal Con A induced blastogenesis and B cell counts, low T, and active T cell counts, as well as high Leu-11a+ cell counts were detected in patients with LC. The relationship between depressed LDCC and low T, and active T cell counts, and enhanced ADCC and high Leu-11a+ cell counts is suggested in stage I LC patients. PMID- 3487715 TI - Can NK cells play a role in therapy of leukemia? PMID- 3487716 TI - Suppression of B-cell differentiation by natural killer (asialo GM1+) cells in mice. AB - Mice were injected intravenously with rabbit antiserum to ganglio-n tetraosylceramide (asialo GM1, ASGM1), a neutral glycosphingolipid present at high quantities on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells. Spleen cells prepared from the mice were then examined for NK activity against YAC-1 targets, for phagocytic cells and by flow cytometric analysis for Thy1, Lyt1, Lyt2, ASGM1 and surface Ig (SIg) phenotypes. Administration of anti-ASGM1 in mice resulted in a complete depletion of NK activity and ASGM+1 cells in the spleen, but no changes in the proportions of Thy1+ cells and their Lyt1+ and Lyt2+ subsets and phagocytic cells. Corresponding to this selective depletion of ASGM+1 cells and NK activity, the spleen cells showed an increased number of SIg+ B cells and augmented mitogenic responses to B-cell but not T-cell mitogens. These NK depleted spleen cells also showed production of pokeweek mitogen (PWM)-driven plaque-forming cells (PFC) to much higher levels than those of control spleens. In the spleens of mice treated with varying concentrations of anti-ASGM+1, a good correlation was found between the decreased NK activity and the enhanced PFC response. To directly test the possible suppressor activity of NK cells on PWM induced PFC response, NK (ASGM+1) cells were highly purified from the spleen by a combination of Percoll gradients and cytolysis of T cells by monoclonal antibodies followed by indirect panning. When added to NK-depleted spleen cells, they suppressed the augmented PFC response of NK-depleted spleen cells, depending on the number of cells added. These results suggest that NK (ASGM+1) cells in mice exhibit a suppressor property on B cells, which are undergoing spontaneous or mitogen-induced differentiation. PMID- 3487718 TI - A new overpressure safety valve for use in the venting line during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3487717 TI - The cervical cap: effectiveness, safety, and acceptability as a barrier contraceptive. PMID- 3487719 TI - Comparison between 14'' and 16'' gauge needles for aspiration of human oocytes. PMID- 3487720 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus: association between T wave changes and nephropathy. PMID- 3487721 TI - Exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities: how specific a marker for coronary artery disease? PMID- 3487722 TI - Alcohol withdrawal and blood pressure. PMID- 3487723 TI - Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) poisoning: possible toxicity of methylene blue administration in renal failure. PMID- 3487724 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis in Q fever. PMID- 3487725 TI - Severe upper-airway obstruction caused by rhinoscleroma-like granuloma. PMID- 3487727 TI - Hypoplasia of the lung: CT appearance. PMID- 3487726 TI - Skeletal metastases of seminoma of the testicle. PMID- 3487728 TI - Gastroenterocolic fistula complicating benign peptic ulcer. PMID- 3487729 TI - Metronidazole-resistant clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis have lowered oxygen affinities. AB - Oxygen affinities of metronidazole susceptible and resistant isolates of the parasitic flagellate protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis were determined by mass spectrometric methods. Apparent O2Km values for the respiration of non proliferating cell suspensions were about 10-fold higher for metronidazole resistant strains than for the susceptible strains C1-NIH or NYH-286. Simultaneous monitoring of hydrogen evolution in the presence of increasing O2 tensions enabled apparent Ki values for H2 to be determined; and this function was independent of metronidazole susceptibility. Apparent O2 affinities of the hydrogenosomal and non-sedimentable fractions were determined for the strains CDC 85 (metronidazole resistant) and C1-NIH, which showed the deficiency in the O2 scavenging capacity by the resistant strain to be associated with the hydrogenosome-containing fraction. PMID- 3487731 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 28-1986. An eight-year-old girl with multiple osteolytic lesions during the preceding six months. PMID- 3487732 TI - Chromosome 9 abnormalities in childhood T-cell leukemia. PMID- 3487730 TI - Clinical manifestations and therapy of Isospora belli infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Isospora belli has recently been recognized as an opportunistic protozoan pathogen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although I. belli rarely causes diarrhea in patients with AIDS in the United States, we have documented isosporiasis in 15 percent (20 of 131) of such patients in Haiti. The infection was associated with chronic watery diarrhea and weight loss that was clinically indistinguishable from disease caused by the related coccidia cryptosporidium. No demographic or laboratory data distinguished the patients with AIDS and isosporiasis from those with either cryptosporidiosis or other opportunistic infections. Neither I. belli nor cryptosporidium was detected in stool samples from 170 healthy siblings, friends, and spouses of the patients with AIDS. In all patients with isosporiasis, diarrhea stopped within two days of the beginning of treatment with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Recurrent symptomatic isosporiasis developed in 47 percent of the patients, but it also responded promptly to therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. We conclude that isosporiasis is common in Haitian patients with AIDS, and that it responds to therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but is associated with a high rate of recurrence. PMID- 3487733 TI - Case 8-1986: eosinophilic granuloma of lung. PMID- 3487735 TI - A functional gamma gene formed from known gamma-gene segments is not necessary for antigen-specific responses of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Structural similarities between surface immunoglobulins (s Ig) on B cells and antigen-specific receptors on T cells suggest that a T cell, like a B cell, should express only two immunoglobulin-like genes, one for each subunit of the disulphide-linked, heterodimeric, antigen-specific (alpha beta) T-cell receptor. However, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells) and immature thymocytes also contain RNA transcripts of a third immunoglobulin-like gene, called gamma (refs 1-4). A polypeptide corresponding to the gamma gene has not yet been identified and the function of this gene remains an enigma. Judging from its nucleotide sequence, the rearranged gamma gene is expected to encode an integral membrane polypeptide chain, and gamma complementary DNAs from two cloned Tc cell lines have previously been found to have different sequences around the V-J (variable region-joining region) junction, suggesting that, in these cells, the gamma-gene product is a clonally diverse surface structure that may form part of an as yet unidentified, antigen-specific receptor. To analyse further the extent of diversity of the gamma-gene product, we have determined the partial sequences of 11 gamma cDNA clones from three other cloned Tc cell lines, and report here that the sequences are indeed clonally diverse, but in all instances they are out-of-phase in the region of the V-J junction. This finding and the pattern of gamma-gene rearrangements in these cell lines indicate that a polypeptide product of the previously reported gamma gene, V2J2-C2, is not expressed in them and is, therefore, not necessary for the antigen-specific cytotoxic and proliferative responses of these mature T cells. PMID- 3487736 TI - Immunotoxins to combat AIDS. PMID- 3487734 TI - Stimulation of haematopoiesis in primates by continuous infusion of recombinant human GM-CSF. AB - Certain proteins are known to play an important part in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activation of haematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. These proteins include erythropoietin and various colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), one of which is granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Recently, both murine and human GM-CSF have been purified to homogeneity and complementary DNAs encoding them have been cloned. Although the in vitro activity of recombinant human GM-CSF has been investigated intensively, little is known about the functional activity of this protein in vivo. There is strong evidence that colony-stimulating activities produced by various human and murine tumour tissues and cell lines can stimulate granulopoiesis in mice, as can human urinary extracts. A partially purified preparation of human urinary colony stimulating factor, however, proved only marginally effective in stimulating granulopoiesis in humans. All these studies suffer from the lack of a homogeneous preparation of colony-stimulating factor. It has recently been shown that recombinant murine multi-CSF or interleukin-3 can stimulate haematopoiesis in mice in vivo. Large-scale production of recombinant human GM-CSF now permits us to examine its effects in vivo using a primate model. We find that the continuous infusion of GM-CSF in healthy monkeys rapidly elicits a dramatic leukocytosis and a substantial reticulocytosis. A similar effect has been observed in one pancytopenic, immunodeficient rhesus macaque. These results suggest that GM-CSF could prove useful in several clinical situations. PMID- 3487737 TI - A functional T3 molecule associated with a novel heterodimer on the surface of immature human thymocytes. AB - The known T-cell receptors (TCRs) involved in the recognition of antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are glycoproteins comprised of polymorphic disulphide-linked alpha- and beta-chains. The genes encoding these chains are homologous to immunoglobulin genes and consist of V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant) regions that rearrange during development. TCRs are expressed relatively late in thymocyte development and only in association with an invariant molecular complex of proteins termed T3. Immature thymocytes do not express the TCR-T3 complex but do express messenger RNA encoding a third rearranging T-cell receptor-like gene, termed T gamma. Here we report a clone of normal immature T4-T8- human thymocytes, designated CII, which does not express mature mRNA for T alpha or T beta genes, but does express high levels of T gamma mRNA. This clone also expresses high levels of surface T3, and antibodies to T3 induce immunologically relevant functions in CII cells. Immunoprecipitation of CII surface-labelled proteins with anti-T3 co-precipitates a T3 molecular complex together with two additional and novel peptides of relative molecular mass (Mr), 44,000 (44K) and 62,000 (62K). PMID- 3487738 TI - [A multiple sclerosis cluster in Central Switzerland? Case report]. PMID- 3487739 TI - [Multiple sclerosis risk in refugees. A contribution from the epidemiologic area of Southern Hesse]. PMID- 3487740 TI - [Optic neuritis caused by herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 3487741 TI - Human interleukin-1 production during hemodialysis. PMID- 3487742 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Results and prognostic factors of microsurgical vascular decompression]. AB - The authors have reviewed 100 cases of trigeminal neuralgia operated upon at the cerebello-pontine angle using microsurgical techniques, i.e. 20% of their total series of 513 patients with tic douloureux, 413 of them having been submitted to percutaneous R.F.--thermocoagulation. In 10 of the above 100 patients, a tumour or an angioma have been found and with its removal a total relief of pain has been obtained. In all but three of the other 90 patients, a neurovascular conflict has been revealed. In 17 of them a selective section of the trigeminal root had to be performed, as its cross-compression could not be eliminated. A total cure was achieved in all but three cases in which the result was only partial. In 70 patients a microvascular decompression (MVD) was performed and in 68 of them a follow-up of 1 to 5 years has been analyzed. In 82.4% the results were excellent. Further 7.3% thought to be benefited by the operation; although they still had some pain, they were well controlled by medical treatment. In 10.3% an unsatisfactory improvement, failure or recurrence were noted. Then a critical study of the whole material has been made in search for the causes of unsatisfactory results and for the possibilities of making the efficacity of MVD ascertained in a higher percentage of patients. The results of this study lead to definite conclusions, a part of which is quoted below: Some of clinical findings showed to be of paramount importance for the prognosis. The most evident has been a highly significant difference in the percentage of a total cure in patients with attacks of tic douloureux only (94.5%) and in those with the same type of attacks, but associated with permanent pain (58.3%). The analysis of the operative findings and of the details of the surgical procedure indicated to a necessity of restitution of the normal shape and course of the trigeminal root from the petrous ridge up to the entry-zone and of an adequate root protection (for instance with Dacron), after the Vth nerve had been detached from the conflicting vessel. A correlation of the above findings with the angiographic ones has been made. A measurable method has been used to make available data which could be informative as to the presence of a conflict, as well as to its anatomical cause. But this still needs a further critical elaboration. PMID- 3487744 TI - Predominant release of vasopressin vs. corticotropin-releasing factor from the isolated median eminence after adrenalectomy. AB - In an in vitro system, we have demonstrated concomitant release of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the median eminence (ME) of normal and adrenalectomized rats. The ME were incubated in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium, CRF and AVP released into the medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. The release of both neuropeptides was stimulated by increasing concentrations of potassium (28-56 mM) in the incubation medium, or by addition of veratridine (5-20 microM). In both cases the release process was dependent on the presence of calcium in the incubation medium. Interestingly, potassium induced release was found to be relatively insensitive to calcium channel antagonists that are potent inhibitors in smooth and cardiac muscle. The sodium channel antagonist, tetrodotoxin (1 microM), completely blocked the effect of veratridine, while no change was seen in the response to potassium. Adrenalectomy increased the ratio of AVP:CRF release from 2:1 in ME removed from sham-operated rats to 8:1 in ME from the adrenalectomized group. We suggest that this ratio of AVP:CRF release may also pertain in vivo, and that AVP could be the predominant corticotropic stimulus in adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 3487743 TI - HLA-A2 as a possible marker for early-onset Alzheimer disease in men. AB - We performed HLA typing on 36 patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease and 25 controls. Antigen A2 was present in all ten men (100%) with early onset (less than 60 years) dementia, a frequency significantly higher than the 30% frequency found in the cognitively intact men of a comparable age (p = 0.009, corrected). This increased A2 frequency was also significantly greater than the frequencies for all other patient subgroups, including late-onset men (40%, p = 0.008), early-onset women (44%, p = 0.004), and late-onset women (42%, p = 0.028). Our findings, if repeated in future studies with larger samples, suggest that HLA-A2 positive men may comprise a subgroup with increased susceptibility to early-onset disease. PMID- 3487745 TI - [Severe hemorrhage of the large intestine. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 3487746 TI - [Warren's intervention. Our experience in the surgical treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 3487747 TI - [Use of human fibrin glue in urologic interventions for calculosis]. PMID- 3487748 TI - [Use of fibrin glue in 8 cases of arterial occlusive disease with or without patches]. PMID- 3487750 TI - [Massive hemorrhage in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Our experience]. PMID- 3487749 TI - [Human fibrin glue in the treatment of injuries of parenchymatous organs. Experimental research]. PMID- 3487751 TI - [ Action of low doses of vincristine, lidocaine and verapamil on DNA replication in vitro]. AB - Lidocaine and Verapamil at pharmacological doses which for single drug are not cytotoxic, when used together in vitro, inhibit DNA replication in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes but not in Jurkat cell (T-ALL line) cultures. At the same concentration the two drugs used in association with very low doses of Vincristine are cytotoxic to PHA-stimulated lymphocytes and Jurkat cells. Cytotoxic action of Doxorubicin is not increased by Lidocaine or by Verapamil or by an association of the two drugs. Changes in calcium ion concentration in the medium did not show any significant effect. These results suggest that Lidocaine and Verapamil have a common mechanism of action and have a toxic action on the same cell structure of Vincristine; furthermore the cytotoxic action of Vincristine is considerably increased. These in vitro effects could be tested in animal models. PMID- 3487752 TI - [Anastomosis of the ovarian tubes without suture thread using human fibrin glue (Tissucol). Experimental study]. PMID- 3487753 TI - Regional cerebral pharmacokinetics of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as examined by positron emission tomography in a baboon is altered by tranylcypromine. AB - The selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has chemical and metabolic characteristics which allow its in vivo tissue distribution to be studied using positron emission tomography (PET). The cerebral pharmacokinetics of [11C]MPTP labelled at the N-methyl position was quantitatively traced in the living brain of an anesthetized baboon using PET, and the effect of administration of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor tranylcypromine on this regional cerebral distribution was determined in the same animal. Following injection of [1C]MPTP, radioactivity rapidly concentrated in the basal ganglia of the primate's brain. This in vivo localization was prevented by prior administration of tranylcypromine, suggesting that it is oxidized metabolites of MPTP which are sequestered by dopaminergic neurons. Radioactivity rapidly localized preferentially in the basal ganglia of the primate brain, and this in vivo localization was blocked by prior administration of the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine. PMID- 3487754 TI - Some hydrodynamic properties of the posterior canal in the frog labyrinth related to neuronal responses. AB - Measurements of the posterior-canal radius of curvature (R), the semicircular duct radius (r) and the cupula radius (rC) were performed in the frog labyrinth. The Steinhausen-van Egmond equation led to an estimate of the canal endolymph flow, cupula deflection and sensory hair bending during constant angular accelerations (0.2-64 degrees/s2) of opposite directions and increasing duration (1.2-12 s). This analysis suggests that the non-linear canal afferent discharge behaviour exhibited by some units may not arise at the presynaptic level but rather postsynaptically, at the encoder site. PMID- 3487755 TI - Autonomic and sensory innervation of anuran ultimobranchial glands: a horseradish peroxidase study. AB - The extrinsic innervation of the endocrine ultimobranchial glands in the frog were identified by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Labeled neurons were seen ipsilateral to the side injected in the caudal region of the vagal motor nucleus, the jugular sensory ganglion and first and second cervical sympathetic ganglia. These studies demonstrate a dual autonomic and vagal sensory innervation of the gland that are compatible with previous ultrastructural studies, but indicate a more complex innervation than previously shown. PMID- 3487756 TI - Preferential vulnerability of A8 dopamine neurons in the primate to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - Immunohistochemical examination of the midbrain of vervet monkeys treated with MPTP revealed a marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in the lateral, but not medial, region of the A8 dopamine (DA) cell group. In the same animals, the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra was only slightly decreased. Biochemical assessment revealed a marked (greater than 85%) depletion of DA in the striatum. However, in the DA cell body regions significant decreases in DA and homovanillic acid were observed only in the lateral A8 region, and not in the medial A8 region or substantia nigra. These data suggest that those A8 DA neurons which project to the striatum are preferentially vulnerable to MPTP. PMID- 3487758 TI - [Secondary corneal dystrophies in the vitreous body fixation syndrome]. PMID- 3487759 TI - [Electrostimulation of the oculomotor muscles in the combined treatment of concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 3487757 TI - Management of factor XI deficiency in gynecologic and obstetric patients. AB - Deficiency of factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) can result in severe bleeding in women undergoing obstetric or gynecologic procedures, with the highest risk in women of Ashkenazi Jewish background. Most patients do not bleed if treated with sufficient fresh frozen plasma to maintain a factor XI level of 30% or more but occasionally patients may require higher levels. Plasma infusion should be continued for several days, even if bleeding does not seem excessive, since delayed bleeding is not uncommon. The use of hepatitis B vaccine and of plasma from a single donor, may reduce the risk of hepatitis. PMID- 3487760 TI - The salivary gland component of Sjogren's syndrome: an evaluation of diagnostic methods. AB - The diagnostic value of sialography, scintigraphy, sialometry, and labial salivary gland biopsy--as indicators of salivary gland dysfunction in Sjogren's syndrome (SS)--was evaluated in 41 patients suspected of having SS. In about 70% of the cases, each of the four examinations showed changes that could indicate a salivary gland component of SS. However, the disease specificity of sialographic and scintigraphic examinations was low. Although the specificity of the labial salivary gland biopsy examination is considered high, our study revealed some cases in which a focus score of 1 to 3 was not accompanied by abnormal changes in either sialometry, sialography, or scintigraphy. At a focus score of more than 3, a fair amount of agreement on the results of the various diagnostic procedures was found. Because labial salivary gland examination shows only minor salivary glands and sialography and scintigraphy include only major salivary glands, variance between different diagnostic procedures is expected. This indicates a potential diagnostic role for sialographic and scintigraphic examination when the labial salivary gland biopsy is insufficient. PMID- 3487761 TI - [Borrelia infections in children in Central Europe]. PMID- 3487762 TI - [Worldwide status of important parasitoses in childhood]. PMID- 3487763 TI - [Intracutaneous test with tetanus toxoid--a possibility for evaluating cellular immune reaction]. PMID- 3487765 TI - Enhancement of beta-lactamase production by glycine in Enterobacter cloacae ATCC.13047. AB - Beta-lactamase production in Enterobacter cloacae ATCC.13047 was enhanced by glycine, and the degree of enhancement was dependent on the concentration of glycine and the medium used. Maximum enhancement occurred with a concentration of 0.05 moles/l of glycine, and of 4 media examined enhancement was greatest on Isosensitest Agar. Enhanced beta-lactamase production evoked by glycine was compared with that following induction by various concentrations of cefoxitin. The amount of beta-lactamase produced under conditions of maximum glycine enhancement was higher than that produced by cultures fully induced by cefoxitin. Other differences in the characteristics of the enhancement of beta-lactamase production by glycine and beta-lactamase induced by cefoxitin suggested that the mechanisms of the 2 phenomena were different. The significance of this finding in terms of the interpretation of in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity tests with beta lactam antibiotics is discussed. PMID- 3487764 TI - [The 3 component concept of the immune system from the pediatric viewpoint]. PMID- 3487766 TI - Gastric hemorrhage due to ruptured arteriovenous malformation (Dieulafoy's disease). AB - Dieulafoy's disease is one of the less common causes of significant hematemesis and/or melena. It occurs most frequently in middle-aged and elderly males, but both sexes and all ages may be affected. Histopathologically the lesion found is variable but includes the classical single large tortuous artery as well as thin walled venous anomalies, and mixtures of these two. We present 4 cases of this condition. PMID- 3487767 TI - Neonatal hyperthyroidism impairs epinephrine-provoked secretion of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in mouse saliva. AB - We examined long-term effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism on salivary secretions of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in male and female mice at the age of 31 days. Hyperthyroidism was induced by thyroxine (T4) injections (0.4 microgram/g body weight/day) during days 0-6. Littermate control mice were treated with vehicle. T4 treatment did not alter the amounts of protein secreted into saliva but hormone administration induced alteration in the types of protein secreted. T4 treatment decreased the contents of both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor secreted into the saliva. A Sephadex G-200 column chromatographic profile revealed the presence of two distinct nerve growth factor immunoreactive peaks, while epidermal growth factor immunoreactivity predominantly eluted as a single low molecular weight form. T4 treatment did not alter the molecular nature of their secretion, but the treatment decreased their contents. These results indicate an impairment in salivary secretion of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor long after T4 treatment has been discontinued. PMID- 3487768 TI - Neonatal hyperthyroidism in mice has different effects on epidermal growth factor levels in submandibular gland, urine, and blood. AB - We examined long-term effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism in female mice by measuring the epidermal growth factor levels in the submandibular gland, urine, and serum at the age of 31 days. Hyperthyroxinemia was induced by thyroxine injections (0.4 microgram/g/day) on days 0-6. Littermate controls received the alkaline saline vehicle. The treatment accelerated incisor eruption and eyelid opening. It also retarded growth. The elevation of plasma thyroxine concentration which normally occurs during wk 2 to reach a peak around day 15 was abolished. Submandibular gland epidermal growth factor levels on day 31 were markedly subnormal, indicating maturational delay. In contrast, epidermal growth factor levels were unaffected in urine and supranormal in serum. These differences in response suggest that the regulatory mechanisms governing epidermal growth factor levels in tissues and fluids may acquire thyroid hormone dependence at different stages. PMID- 3487769 TI - Transient remission after intercurrent measles infection in a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. AB - A 5-yr-old patient with hyper IgE syndrome contracted measles. This was accompanied by a temporary disappearance of his skin lesions. The patient had a long history of recurrent infections, chronic eczematoid pruritic dermatitis, and elevation of serum IgE level since infancy. Immunologic studies revealed decreased suppressor T cells (OKT8 cells) with increased IKT4/OKT8 ratio, defect in suppressor T cell function, and decreased chemotactic index. In February 1985, when he developed an interrcurrent measles infection at age of 5, the eczematoid pruritic dermatitis disappeared completely and immunologic defects improved transiently, with normalization of OKT4/OKT8 ratio, decrease in in vitro IgE synthesis, in vivo serum IgE level, and interleukin-2 production, decreases in IgG Fc receptor-bearing cells and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, and normalization of chemotactic index. One month later, the eczematoid skin lesion relapsed and immunologic defects reappeared. These studies suggested that the pathogenesis of hyper IgE syndrome involved a hypofunction of suppressor T cell. The transient remission associated with measles infection is probably related to the effect of the virus on the helper T cells, resulting in a normalization of OKT4/OKT8 ratio and IgE production. PMID- 3487771 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b colonization in household contacts of infected and colonized children enrolled in day care. AB - Strategies for management of children attending day-care facilities after a case of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease are controversial. The success of chemoprophylaxis in preventing subsequent cases has been variable. Failure of rifampin prophylaxis as currently recommended may result from usage limited to direct contacts of the index patient. This prospective study was designed to ascertain the extent of colonization in household contacts of colonized children attending day-care facilities with an index case of H influenzae disease. Outer membrane protein analysis was used to determine similarity between strains isolated from contacts and index patients. Of children attending six day-care facilities, 15% were colonized with subtypes of H influenzae identical with those of their respective index patients, and 7% of children were colonized with different subtypes. Colonization with identical outer membrane protein subtypes in children from day-care homes was more frequent than in the larger day-care centers (91% v 8%, P less than .00001). Within families of children with identical outer membrane protein subtypes, 25% of household members (17% of parents and 44% of siblings) were colonized despite lack of direct contact with the index patients. This colonization rate was comparable to that of household contacts of index patients (26%). Among household contacts of index patients, especially siblings, colonization with H influenzae tended to be lower if the patient attended day care than if the patient did not attend day care (17% v 73%; P = .05 for siblings). We have found that household contacts of colonized day care children are a reservoir of H influenzae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3487770 TI - Use of bacterial antigen detection in the diagnosis of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections. AB - Two immunochemical methods were used to identify Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular antigens in the urine and serum of 162 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. These methods were compared with standard bacterial blood culture. Viral and mycoplasma cultures of respiratory secretions were obtained simultaneously to determine the frequency of antigenuria at the time of nonbacterial acute lower respiratory tract infection. Urine from groups of well children and children with acute otitis media was tested for capsular antigens to determine the incidence of antigenuria. Antigenuria was found in 24% of children 2 months to 18 years of age with acute lower respiratory tract infection compared with a 2% incidence of bacteremia. Antigenuria was found in 4% of asymptomatic children and 16% of children with acute otitis media. One third of children with symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection and viral isolates from the oropharynx had bacterial antigenuria. The sixfold increase in frequency of bacterial antigenuria in children at the time of lower respiratory symptoms suggests that bacterial acute lower respiratory tract infection may be more common than identified by traditional culture techniques. Because bacterial antigen may come from other sites such as the middle ear, further studies are needed to determine the role of antigen detection in the diagnosis of pediatric acute lower respiratory tract infection. PMID- 3487772 TI - Pain complaint and muscle soreness associated with high-voltage electrical stimulation: effect of ramp time. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ramp time on subjects' perception of discomfort/pain and muscle soreness associated with high-voltage electrical stimulation. 31 female students were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, each of which was assigned a different ramp time (1.0, 3.5, and 5.0 sec.). The subjects' wrist and finger flexors were stimulated with ElectroStim 180-2 unit using the bipolar electrode arrangement. During the stimulation, the subjects rated their experience of discomfort/pain at the threshold of sensory stimulation, the threshold of motor stimulation, and maximum tolerance of painful stimulation. The session was terminated after 10 tetanic isometric contractions. The subjects were instructed to rate their soreness, 24- and 36-hr. poststimulation using a 10-point ratio scale. A significant F ratio was noted for discomfort/pain perceptual levels but not for ramp time. Scheffe's post hoc analysis showed that the discomfort increased as the current intensity was increased. The F ratio for ramp time and time frame (24- and 36-hr. poststimulation) was not statistically significant for the ratings of muscle soreness. The findings suggest that the patients's complaint of pain and muscle soreness associated with high-voltage electrical stimulation is not affected by the rate of rise of current. PMID- 3487773 TI - [The relationship between femoral head necrosis and anti-rheumatic therapy]. PMID- 3487775 TI - Stressors associated with coronary bypass surgery. AB - The purpose of this study was to: design and test an instrument to evaluate the incidence and severity of stressors associated with coronary bypass surgery and assess the concordance between patient and nurse perceptions of such stressors. The patient sample consisted of 30 patients recovering without complications from coronary bypass surgery. Patients were white, primarily male and employed, one third with graduate education, with a mean age of 54. The nurse sample consisted of 18 registered nurses with cardiosurgical nursing care experience. A 30-item stressor scale was developed: 27 items were derived from literature review and 3 from comments of cardiovascular clinical specialists. Stressfulness of each item was rated on a 5-point scale. A pilot study with seven patients provided information for initial scale refinement. Content validity of the scale has both theoretical and empirical support because of the varied sources used to obtain and validate relevant items for the tool. Homogeneity reliability of the scale was supported by high coefficient alphas. Based on severity of stress ratings, two-way analysis of variance indicated that the cardiothoracic nurses generally rated all items as significantly more stressful for coronary bypass patients than did the patients themselves. Comparisons used by the nurses and the patients in assigning stressfulness ratings are discussed. PMID- 3487777 TI - [Idiopathic pneumothorax. II. Alpha 1-antitrypsin level in the blood serum]. PMID- 3487776 TI - Pioneering change. PMID- 3487774 TI - A joining-diversity-joining complex generated by inversion mechanism and a variable-diversity complex in the beta-chain gene of the human T-cell receptor. AB - We have analysed an inactive allele of the beta-chain gene of the T-cell receptor in a human T-cell line HPB-ALL. Comparison with germline sequences showed that HPB-ALL has a joining (J)-diversity (D)-J complex recombined in head-to-head configuration and a variable (V)-D complex in tail-to-tail configuration. These results demonstrate that the inversion mechanism functions in the beta-chain gene of the T-cell receptor. The presence of the V-D complex suggests that V-D recombination could occur prior to D-J recombination although there is no definite proof that the V-D complex is an intermediate to form the V-D-J complex. PMID- 3487778 TI - Hemophagocytosis accompanying typhoid fever. PMID- 3487779 TI - Pediatric diphtheria and tetanus toxoids-adsorbed vaccine: immune response to the first booster following the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine primary series. AB - Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT) vaccine should be given to children at 2, 4 and 6 months of age when there are contraindications to the administration of pertussis vaccine. We have previously reported that such children develop protective antitoxin antibody levels to diphtheria and tetanus antigens. This follow-up study evaluates the decay in antitoxin antibody levels and the booster response elicited to DT antigen when a fourth dose is given at approximately 18 months of age. Twenty-three children receiving DT vaccine were compared to 38 receiving diphtheria and tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The prebooster antibody titer to diphtheria and tetanus at approximately 18 months of age had declined below the recommended protective level in one child who had received DT vaccine and in three children who had received DTP. Following the 18-month booster dose of DT and DTP vaccine, all of the children had protective titers to diphtheria and tetanus toxin. These results suggest that the adjuvant effects of pertussis vaccine are not required to achieve adequate immunization to diphtheria and tetanus when currently available DT vaccine is used in early childhood. PMID- 3487780 TI - Epiglottitis in an immunized child. PMID- 3487781 TI - Dental caries, gingivitis and oral hygiene among school children in Dar-es-Salaam -Tanzania. Report on oral surveys 1979 and 1983. PMID- 3487783 TI - Three distinct signals can induce class II gene expression in a murine pre-B-cell line. AB - Expression of class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been studied in an Abelson-murine-leukemia-virus-transformed pre-B-cell line, R8, and its class II molecule (Ia)-negative variant, R8205. These variant cells contained barely detectable levels of RNA specific for all class II genes, including the nonpolymorphic invariant chain gene (Ii), and did not express cell surface Ia. Fusion of this murine Ia-negative cell line to the human Ia-positive Raji cell produced an interspecies hybridoma that expressed the murine Ia. These data are further evidence for the existence of a trans-acting factor(s) that can regulate class II gene expression. Furthermore, the T-cell-derived lymphokine B cell-stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) induced expression of class II genes in the R8205 cells. Exposure of R8205 cells to an antibody that has been shown to mimic BSF-1 activity on normal B cells also resulted in expression of class II genes. These data demonstrate that three distinct signals--a lymphokine, an alloantibody binding to membrane structures, and an interspecies trans-acting factor--can induce expression of class II genes. PMID- 3487782 TI - Membrane-dependent coagulation reaction is independent of the concentration of phospholipid-bound substrate: fluid phase factor X regulates the extrinsic system. AB - Negatively charged phospholipids accelerate blood coagulation; one suggestion is that the binding of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing zymogens to these lipid surfaces increases their effective concentration as substrates. Alternatively, the charged phospholipids could enhance the direct interaction of substrate with the catalytic complex, which is localized at the membrane surface. We distinguished the alternatives by using prothrombin fragment 1 to compete with the substrate for membrane binding sites without interfering with the direct enzyme-substrate interaction. In a tissue factor-factor VIIa system containing neutral phospholipids (to which the substrate does not bind), prothrombin fragment 1 had no significant effect on factor X activation (Km, 877 +/- 111 nM and 791 +/- 103 nM, with and without prothrombin fragment 1, respectively). In contrast, in a system containing 30% phosphatidylserine, prothrombin fragment 1 displaced phospholipid-bound factor X, increasing the free factor X concentration and the reaction velocity in all 22 determinations. As the velocity increases correlated only with the free factor X concentration, we conclude that the free factor X concentration controls this reaction velocity. The Km in the 30% phosphatidylserine system, calculated using free factor X concentration, was 41 +/- 5 nM and 63 +/- 9 nM, with and without prothrombin fragment 1, respectively. Thus, the negatively charged lipids decreased the intrinsic Km by over 90%. The methodology employed should be applicable to ligand-receptor systems in which ligand binds nonspecifically to the membrane surface. PMID- 3487784 TI - Recombinant interferon alpha can induce rearrangement of T-cell antigen receptor alpha-chain genes and maturation to cytotoxicity in T-lymphocyte clones in vitro. AB - T-cell receptor genes are found in the germ-line configuration as well as in rearranged forms, as detected in T lymphocytes by different patterns in Southern blot analysis. We have recently shown that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) "precursor" clones, in which rearrangements are not detected in the gene encoding the T-cell receptor alpha-chain (TCRA), acquire specific lytic function induced by treatment with recombinant interferon alpha or gamma. We now report that, coincident with the acquisition of cytotoxic function by the precursor CTL clone; recombinant interferon alpha appears to induce a rearrangement of TCRA. In addition, in a mature CTL clone (i.e., one already showing lytic function) in which one TCRA allele is rearranged, treatment with recombinant interferon alpha appears to induce a new rearrangement of a TCRA gene. PMID- 3487785 TI - Abnormal recombination products result from aberrant DNA rearrangement of the human T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain gene. AB - Two unusual rearrangements of the T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain gene have occurred in the human T-cell tumor line CEM. The beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor is encoded in germ-line DNA by immunoglobulin-like gene segments that rearrange during the somatic development of T cells to form active genes. Structural analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin genes has already revealed a great deal about the mechanisms by which these genes rearrange. To further characterize the mechanism by which beta-chain genes rearrange, we have determined the organization of the rearranged beta-chain gene segments in the human T-cell tumor line CEM. Three rearranged joining (J) or diversity (D) segments of the beta-chain gene are found in CEM. One of these segments rearranged during the formation of a normal rearranged beta-chain gene that comprises a variable (V beta), D beta, and J beta gene segment associated with a constant region gene segment. Two abnormal recombination products are found at the other rearranged beta-chain locus. One product has the structure, J beta-D beta-J beta, with the J beta gene segments joined in a head-to-head fashion, while the other one consists of a V beta-D beta recombined segment not associated with a J beta gene segment. We propose that the J beta-D beta-J beta structure was formed by an inversion of 6 kilobases of DNA and subsequently, a V beta-D beta rearrangement occurred. The presence of these products in CEM has important implications for our understanding of the mechanism by which somatic rearrangements of beta-chain gene segments occur. PMID- 3487787 TI - Interleukin 4 (B-cell growth factor II/eosinophil differentiation factor) is a mitogen and differentiation factor for preactivated murine B lymphocytes. AB - Recently we described a murine T-cell hybrid that produces activities that promote the differentiation of eosinophils (eosinophil differentiation factor) and cause proliferation of the BCL1 B-cell lymphoma (B-cell growth factor II activity). Both activities appear to be associated with the same molecule, which has therefore been termed interleukin 4. The hybrid does not produce any other known lymphokines. We now find that purified interleukin 4 has no effects on small resting B cells but induces naturally occurring large B cells (which have presumably been preactivated in vivo) to synthesize DNA and to secrete IgM and low levels of IgG. B cells activated by anti-Ig antibodies apparently only become responsive to the factor once they have reached late G1 stage. All bioactivities of interleukin 4 are associated with a protein of Mr 44,000 (by NaDodSO4/PAGE). Therefore these results demonstrate that this lymphokine alone is sufficient to induce clonal expansion and maturation of activated B cells. PMID- 3487786 TI - Structure of human steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. AB - We have determined the structure of cDNA and two genomic genes encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase [21-OHase; steroid 21-monooxygenase; steroid, hydrogen donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.99.10]. If this cytochrome P-450 enzyme is defective, cortisol cannot be synthesized, resulting in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The cDNA encoding this enzyme is 2.0 kilobases long, and the encoded protein is predicted to contain 494 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 55,000. This enzyme is at most 28% homologous to other P-450 enzymes that have been studied. The 21-OHase genomic genes, which are located in the HLA major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6, each contain 10 exons. This structure is distinct from other characterized P-450 genes, which contain 7 or 9 exons. Studies of individuals with homozygous deletions of the 21 OHase A or B genes suggest that only the B gene encodes an active enzyme. This is confirmed by the finding that the A gene has an 8-base deletion within codons 110 112, resulting in a frameshift that brings a stop codon into the reading frame at codon 130. A second frameshift and a nonsense mutation occur downstream. In contrast, the sequence of the exons of the B gene is identical to the cDNA sequence. The 21-OHase A gene is, therefore, a pseudogene. PMID- 3487788 TI - Tumor necrosis factor: a potent effector molecule for tumor cell killing by activated macrophages. AB - Activated macrophages (aM phi) destroy more effectively cancer cells than normal cells. The mechanism by which macrophages destroy cancer cells is not known. We report here that tumor cells susceptible to aM phi were killed by recombinant (r) tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas variant tumor cells resistant to aM phi after selection in vitro or in vivo were resistant to killing by rTNF-alpha. The converse selection for rTNF-alpha-resistant variants resulted in cells that were also resistant to killing by aM phi. The sensitivity of macrophage-resistant variants was not changed to other tumoricidal cells or soluble mediators, except that the macrophage-resistant variants were also resistant to the effects of another cytotoxic protein, B-cell lymphotoxin, which is structurally related to rTNF-alpha. Similar results were obtained regardless of whether short-term or long-term cytotoxic effects of aM phi were measured. Finally, it was shown that killing of tumor cells by murine aM phi was completely inhibited with a polyclonal antibody that neutralizes the effects of murine TNF alpha. These results suggest a major role for TNF-alpha in tumor cell destruction by aM phi in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3487789 TI - Expression of biologically active human interleukin 1 subpeptides by transfected simian COS cells. AB - "Interleukin 1" (IL-1) is a term used to describe the family of macrophage derived proteins that mediate many immune and inflammatory reactions. We have previously described the molecular cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding the predominant (neutral) form of human IL-1, which has been designated IL-1 beta. We report here that transfection of simian COS cells with this cDNA clone results in the transcription of IL-1 mRNA and the synthesis of antibody neutralizable intracellular IL-1 biological activity. In addition, selective deletion of regions of the IL-1 cDNA judged not to be essential for function, on the basis of conserved sequence homology, resulted in localization of a "core" region responsible for a majority of the biological activity. These results permit mapping the active site of IL-1 to a peptide of 6970 molecular weight located within the carboxyl third (between Met-136 and Gln-197) of the IL-1 precursor. PMID- 3487790 TI - Experimental autoimmunity. PMID- 3487791 TI - Cellular regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. PMID- 3487792 TI - Human megakaryocytic colony formation is supported by lymphokines from isolated T lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 3487793 TI - Separate factors control terminal cytoplasmic maturation of human megakaryocytes. PMID- 3487794 TI - Interaction of bovine plasma with guinea pig megakaryocytes. A basis for megakaryocyte enrichment. PMID- 3487796 TI - Cancer control objectives for the year 2000. PMID- 3487795 TI - In vitro examination of human megakaryocyte precursors. PMID- 3487797 TI - Geographically-based cancer control: where are the targets of opportunity for intervention? PMID- 3487798 TI - Cancer control in blacks: epidemiology and NCI program plans. PMID- 3487799 TI - Personal and ambient factors in cancer causation in an urban population. PMID- 3487800 TI - An investigation into a reported cancer cluster using the nearest-neighbor statistical technique. PMID- 3487801 TI - Cimetidine penetrates brain and inhibits non-opiate footshock-induced analgesia. AB - The inhibition of hindpaw (non-opiate) footshock-induced analgesia (HP-FSIA) by cimetidine, the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, was characterized in rats, and the drug's presence in brain was demonstrated. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg, IP) inhibited HP-FSIA when administered 30 min before testing, but was inactive when testing began sooner (15 min) or later (1-4 hr) than this time. Lower doses (20 mg/kg) were also ineffective when given 30 min before testing, whereas higher doses (200 mg/kg) effectively inhibited the response. Increasing the footshock current from 4 mA (which elicited cimetidine-sensitive analgesia) to higher currents (5 and 6 mA) yielded cimetidine-insensitive analgesia. Administration of isotopically labeled cimetidine (100 mg/kg, IP, 30 min) yielded whole brain cimetidine levels of 1.95 nmols/g, respectively, with a brain/blood ratio of 0.017. These findings confirm a limited penetration of brain by cimetidine, and show that large peripheral doses of cimetidine are required to block brain H2 receptors. The specific dose and time requirements for cimetidine to inhibit the HP-FSIA are probably attributable to the brain drug levels that can be achieved after peripheral administration. PMID- 3487803 TI - [Pharmaceutic and biopharmaceutic assessment of acetylaminopropoxybenzolum (Falimint). 7. The buccal resorption of Falimint]. PMID- 3487802 TI - Pharmacological activity of FPP028 (2-phenylpyrazolo-4-ethyl-4,7-dihydro [1,5a]pyrimidin-7-one) a new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent. AB - The activity of 2-phenylpyrazolo-4-ethyl-4,7-dihydro [1,5a]pyrimidin-7-one (FPP028), a non-acidic, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory compound, was investigated in a number of pharmacological tests performed in rats. The anti inflammatory properties of FPP028 were evaluated through the carrageenan induced paw edema and the cotton pellet induced granuloma and compared with the activity of indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and isoxicam; as a result, the activity of FPP028 was shown to be similar to that of the latter compounds. To assess the analgesic properties of FPP028 in comparison with indomethacin and phenylbutazone, the Randall and Sellitto and the mouse-writhing tests were used; in both tests, FPP028 demonstrated a significant analgesic activity. FPP028 was shown to possess antipyretic properties in the test of yeast-induced pyrexia. The gastro-erosive activity of phenylbutazone and FPP028 was studied in restraint stressed rats; in such test the ulcerogenic activity of phenylbutazone appeared to be dose-related; conversely, FPP028 demonstrated a gastro-protective effect since the number of gastric lesions induced either by stress or phenylbutazone treatment was decreased bu FPP028. Our data show that FPP028 is endowed with most of the pharmacological properties of the classic antiinflammatory drugs. Further studies are however needed to more fully elucidate its mechanism of action because our in-vivo data indicate that FPP028 is not an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 3487804 TI - Effects of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists on the partially contracted, isolated and perfused renal artery of the rat. AB - The effects of two dopamine agonists, dopamine itself and SKF 38393, alone and in the presence of several dopamine antagonists, have been studied in the partially contracted, isolated and perfused renal artery of the rat. In this preparation, earlier used by other authors in vascular pharmacological experiments, the dopaminergic agents produced clear vasodilator effects which were inhibited by all antagonists used. Due to its low cost and simplicity, such a preparation would be of practical value in testing dopaminergic drugs. PMID- 3487805 TI - [Treatment of delusions of parasitosis: efficacy of transcutaneous electrical stimulation]. PMID- 3487806 TI - New methods in brain imaging. PMID- 3487807 TI - Patients in receipt of community psychiatric nursing care in Salford 1976-82. AB - Case register data are used to describe the age and diagnostic distribution of people using the community psychiatric nursing (CPN) service in Salford. Data are related to those in hospital-based psychiatric services. Annual prevalence rates grew dramatically, and increasing numbers of people were found to have received continuous CPN care for 2 years and over. Following the establishment of the CPN service in a primary care setting, the proportion of patients suffering from depression in receipt of CPN care increased, and the resulting overall diagnostic distribution of CPN patients became similar to that of the specialist psychiatric services as a whole. Patients under the sole care of community psychiatric nurses (about 19% of the total CPN prevalence each calendar year) contributed to an overall increase in treated prevalence. The data indicate that CPN services in Salford are treating the morbidity found at primary care level, rather than reducing the demands made on the traditional services. PMID- 3487808 TI - Rates and responses of distressed women to phone survey screening and recruitment. PMID- 3487809 TI - Level of depression in nations and their suicide rate. PMID- 3487810 TI - The relationship of interleukin-1 and immune functions to sleep in humans. AB - Serial sampling of peripheral blood from six healthy adult male volunteers was performed during daytime waking and nighttime sleeping. In addition, sleep physiology was assessed in all subjects (Ss) and sleep stages scored blind by standard criteria. Samples of plasma were analyzed for cortisol (Co) levels, functional interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were assayed to evaluate natural killer (NK) activity and mitogen responsiveness. Dramatic increase in IL-1 activity along with changes in other immune functions occurred during sleep and were related to onset of slow wave sleep. PMID- 3487811 TI - Stripe sign in pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy: central pattern of pulmonary emphysema. Work in progress. AB - Morphologic changes and ventilation abnormalities in the lung that resulted in the peripheral perfusion stripe (the stripe sign) on pulmonary perfusion scintigrams were studied in six patients. Chest radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scans, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans obtained using N-13 were compared. Although there was no apparent correlation between the presence of the stripe sign and the findings on the chest radiographs, PET scans depicted ventilation abnormalities in all of 11 lung areas with the stripe sign in six patients. In addition, ventilation was affected more severely in the central part of the lung than in the subpleural region in ten of the 11 lung areas. CT scans demonstrated emphysematous changes, with low attenuation values located mainly in the central part of the lung in all four patients examined. The results suggest an intimate relationship between the stripe sign and the central pattern of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 3487812 TI - Primary lesions of bone in the 1st decade of life: retrospective survey of biopsy results. AB - Primary bone tumors in early childhood are uncommon, and the incidence of malignancy in the 1st decade of life has not been evaluated adequately in the literature. For this reason, we conducted a retrospective review of 268 biopsies of the bone in 249 patients who were less than 10 years of age. Benign tumors were found much more frequently than malignant lesions. Osteochondroma and histiocytosis X were the most common lesions. The incidence of several benign lesions in our series was deceptively low, as many lesions showed typical radiographic findings, precluding the need for biopsy or excision. Of 41 primary malignant bone tumors, Ewing sarcoma was slightly more common than osteosarcoma. The rib was the most frequent site of the former; the distal femur, of the latter. PMID- 3487813 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements. PMID- 3487815 TI - [Aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigens and autoimmune phenomenon in endocrine diseases]. PMID- 3487814 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with psoriasis treated by the PUVA method]. PMID- 3487816 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a homosexual male with Kaposi's sarcoma]. PMID- 3487818 TI - [Recent applications of genetic engineering in the field of vaccines and blood factors]. PMID- 3487817 TI - [Digestion of milk proteins in the abomasum of the preruminant calf]. AB - Gastric digestion of milk proteins has been studied in the preruminant calf by analysing gastric effluents in the duodenum after the ingestion of 5 different diets: whole milk, skim milk, casein solution in water, casein solution with minerals, whey. The amino acid composition of the gastric effluents and HPLC analysis of the latter show that the major part of the whey proteins were evacuated rapidly without any proteolysis and after milk ingestion. On the contrary, all the caseins were largely proteolysed and arrived slowly in the gut. The major part of the peptides obtained came from alpha s1 casein. Only a few peptides, principally CMP, were quickly emptied from the stomach. PMID- 3487819 TI - [The etiology and development of upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3487820 TI - [Pathology of Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 3487821 TI - [Thrombocytopenic purpura and hemorrhage of the proximal digestive tract: report on 7 patients]. PMID- 3487822 TI - [Renewal of organ transplantation: towards the control of rejection]. PMID- 3487823 TI - Therapy with irritren in rheumatic degenerative diseases. AB - The antirheumatic effect of a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, irritren, a derivative of arylacetic acid namely ionazolac calcium was studied. The favourable effect of irritren treatment in reactivated arthrosis was compared to that of indomethacin. To this end 40 patients were divided into two groups of 20 patients each who were treated for 14 days with: irritren in daily doses of 3 X 200 mg-Group I, and with indomethacin in daily doses of 3 X 25 mg-group II. The results obtained at the end of the experiment showed a marked decrease of joint pain and of inflammation in 85% of the patients in group I while in group II good results were obtained in only 75% of the patients. The excellent digestive tolerance and the absence of untoward side effects situated irritren as clearly superior to indomethacin. The drug appeared as most useful especially in reactivated arthritic diseases. PMID- 3487824 TI - The use of indium-111-labelled platelets for scintigraphic localization of gastrointestinal bleeding, with special reference to occult bleeding. AB - Gamma-camera imaging of the abdomen after injection of autologous 111In-labelled platelets was applied for localization of gastrointestinal bleeding in a study of 22 patients. In 15 studies showing scintigraphic signs of bleeding, the clinical presentation included occult bleeding in 6, melaena in 4, and bloody stools in 5. Scintigraphy could be done repeatedly for up to 1 week after a single tracer injection. The time interval between the injection and scintigraphic visualization of bleeding ranged from 10 min to 68 h, being longest in cases of occult bleeding. In most cases the scintigraphic findings were supported by other diagnostic modalities, including surgical removal of presumed sources of bleeding. In seven studies without scintigraphic signs of bleeding a probable source of bleeding was identified by other means in one patient. The 111In platelet method seems to be a promising method for localization of gastrointestinal bleeding which may prove particularly useful in cases of occult or recurrent bleeding. PMID- 3487825 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in marathon runners. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding has been proposed to be a contributing factor in the development of 'runner's anaemia'. To study the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, 2-3 prerace and 2-3 postrace faecal samples from 63 marathon runners were tested for the presence of blood. Five of the participants had faecal blood before but not after the race. A reasonable explanation for the bleeding was found for four. Eight runners (13%) had positive tests for faecal blood after the competition. Clinical investigation disclosed no gastrointestinal disease. Postrace haematuria was discovered in another 13% of the runners. None of the runners observed overt gastrointestinal bleeding or haematuria, nor did anyone develop anaemia. Gastrointestinal disturbances related to running were reported by 54%. It is concluded that gastrointestinal complaints and gastrointestinal bleeding are prevalent among marathon runners. PMID- 3487827 TI - [Cancer mortality in the Thurgau canton 1970 and 1980 with a comparison between urban and rural areas]. AB - As an addition to the recently published data by the Swiss Statistics Office in cooperation with the Swiss Cancer Registry, this report presents a microanalysis of trends in Canton Thurgau (185 000 inhabitants) based on the corresponding data. In the course of only 10 years the number of deaths due to cancer in rural areas has come to equal to that in city areas. This trend is particularly obvious for bronchial carcinoma in men. The decrease in mortality due to carcinoma of the stomach is more obvious in the urban population than in rural areas, a trend in which it can be assumed that environmental factors play a role. Further developments must be observed carefully, and corresponding analyses should also be performed in other cantons. PMID- 3487826 TI - [Emission and weather effects on respiratory tract diseases of children in Berlin 1979 to 1982--croup syndrome]. PMID- 3487828 TI - Anti-idiotypes and immunity. PMID- 3487829 TI - Flight simulation. PMID- 3487831 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta: biological function and chemical structure. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGF-beta and essentially all of them have specific receptors for this peptide. TGF-beta regulates the actions of many other peptide growth factors and determines a positive or negative direction of their effects. Its marked ability to enhance formation of connective tissue in vivo suggests several therapeutic applications. PMID- 3487830 TI - Vaccine compensation proposals abound on Capitol Hill. PMID- 3487832 TI - The oncogenic activation of human p21ras by a novel mechanism. AB - Single amino acid changes were introduced into normal (non-oncogenic) and activated forms of the human H-ras protein at a position (residue 116) proposed on structural grounds to represent a contact site with guanine nucleotides. Substitutions at this site could significantly reduce the ability of both forms to bind and hydrolyze guanosine 5'-triphosphate; these substitutions, however, did not necessarily diminish the transforming capacity of activated derivatives. One substitution that severely impairs these functions activated the transforming potential of the otherwise normal polypeptide. PMID- 3487833 TI - [Chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. PMID- 3487834 TI - [Rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis and Horton's disease]. PMID- 3487835 TI - Aphthous lesions in nodular lymphoma of the colon. AB - The umbilicated nodules in colonic lymphoma may simulate aphthous ulcers of inflammatory or infectious colitides. Our report illustrates that in an immunosuppressed patient it may be difficult to distinguish on double contrast barium enema between the aphthous ulcers of opportunistic colitis and the umbilications of nodular colonic lymphoma. PMID- 3487836 TI - Variceal bleeding. PMID- 3487837 TI - [Treatment of infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs using chemotherapy and galvanization of the degradation cavity]. PMID- 3487838 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in the blood of patients with otosclerosis]. PMID- 3487839 TI - [The presence of antinuclear antibodies in the blood and damage to the inner ear in patients with otosclerosis]. PMID- 3487840 TI - Limitations of multiple injection sclerotherapy sessions for acute variceal bleeding. AB - Sixty-six patients with active bleeding (127 episodes) from oesophageal varices treated by balloon-tube tamponade followed by injection sclerotherapy with a rigid endoscope were followed up for at least 1 year and analysed to determine whether the number of acute injection sessions during each hospital admission (87) or any other known parameter of liver function, e.g. Child's grading, affected the outcome. Definitive control of bleeding was achieved with one or two injections during 75 of these admissions (86%) with a mortality rate of 21%. However, the mortality rate in those patients who received three or four injections was 66% and reached 89% when Child's category A patients were excluded. It is concluded that the mortality rate in poor risk patients becomes unacceptably high when more than two injection sessions are required during a single hospital admission. Other methods of treatment, such as emergency portacaval shunting or devascularization procedures, should be instituted in the small subgroup of patients whose variceal bleeding is not controlled by two injection sessions. PMID- 3487841 TI - Cavernous haemangioma of the jejunum. A case report and approach to obscure chronic gastro-intestinal bleeding. AB - A 31-year-old woman who had been investigated for almost lifelong iron deficiency anaemia caused by chronic gastro-intestinal blood loss was found to have a large cavernous haemangioma of the jejunum. The literature relating to the latter is reviewed and a diagnostic approach to obscure gastro-intestinal bleeding considered. PMID- 3487843 TI - Amebiasis: still present and lethal in Texas. PMID- 3487842 TI - Infiltrative fibrosis with acute hemorrhagic intestinal infarction: association with a peritoneovenous shunt. AB - This article describes an unusual complication of acute hemorrhagic infarction of the gastrointestinal tract that developed in a 53-year-old man 3 years after a Denver peritoneovenous shunt was implanted for control of cirrhotic ascites. Infiltrative fibrosis, which involved the bowel and mesentery and surrounded its blood vessels, was the cause of the infarction. A spectrum of this fibroproliferative disease in patients with cirrhosis with ascites and peritoneovenous shunts is described, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 3487844 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid and gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 3487845 TI - [Multiresistant Haemophilus influenzae. Beta-lactamase producing, chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistant Haemophilus influenzae as a cause of septicemia]. PMID- 3487846 TI - [Electrotherapy in serious depression. Is the dexamethasone suppression test useful in evaluating the indications for such treatment?]. PMID- 3487847 TI - DR2 short antigen in Japanese. A strong association with Bw67 and TB23. AB - A variant of the DR2 antigen, DR2 short (DR2S), was investigated in Japanese subjects by using a 9th International Histocompatibility Workshop reagent and locally-obtained alloantisera. A significant positive association between DR2S, Bw67 and TB23 was demonstrated. Haplotype analysis on four Japanese families showed that DR2S was segregated with the A11-Cw7-Bw67-DR2S-DQw1-TB23 haplotype. PMID- 3487848 TI - Comparative toxicity of cis-cypermethrin in rainbow trout, frog, mouse, and quail. AB - The synthetic alpha-cyano-phenoxybenzyl-containing pyrethroid insecticides act on the CNS of vertebrates and show a species-selective toxicity in the order fish greater than amphibians much greater than mammals greater than birds. Concentrations of [14C]cis-cypermethrin in the brains of representative members of each of these classes of chordates were measured at toxic signs (an onset of hyperactivity followed by seizures and loss of balance/equilibrium) as an indicator of target organ sensitivity. The concentration of cis-cypermethrin in brain, associated with toxic signs, in micrograms per gram (mean +/- SE) as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography was 0.08 +/- 0.03 (frog), 0.23 +/- 0.05 (trout), 1.71 +/- 0.33 (mouse), and 3.94 +/- 0.88 (quail). Trout brain was equally sensitive to the cis and trans isomers of cypermethrin. In both mouse and quail, some 90% of the radioactivity in the brain was parent pyrethroid. Trout and frog, however, afforded only 56 and 32%, respectively, of the brain 14C as cypermethrin, with the remaining radioactivity in both extractable and nonextractable metabolites, including 4'-hydroxy-cis cypermethrin, which is potentially neuroactive. Following oral administration, cis-cypermethrin was readily absorbed and metabolized by quail. Intestinal uptake was far less rapid in trout and mouse, with unchanged cypermethrin dispersed in secreted bile, being readily eliminated from the intestines of fish. The uptake and metabolism of cis-cypermethrin and the brain sensitivities of these animals to the pyrethroid account for the observed differences in acute toxicity. PMID- 3487849 TI - Failure of inorganic lead exposure to impair natural killer (NK) cell and T lymphocyte function in rats. AB - Natural killer (NK)-cell and T-cell functions have been measured in rats following exposure to either 100 or 1000 ppm lead as lead acetate in drinking water. The capacity of splenocytes isolated from exposed animals to mediate native and interferon (IFN)-activated natural cytotoxicity was measured at three effector:target-cell ratios and found to be normal at all time points examined. Furthermore, splenic T-cell function of treated animals as determined by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation was comparable to control values. We conclude that low-level lead exposure is not associated with an impairment of either T-or NK-cell function. PMID- 3487850 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the electrostimulation of the masticatory muscle by square-wave impulse currents of varying frequency in an experiment]. PMID- 3487851 TI - [Use of antianaerobic agents in treating periodontitis in children]. PMID- 3487853 TI - Purification of human interleukin 2 produced from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - We have developed a simple protocol for the routine purification of essentially homogeneous human interleukin 2. The procedures applied include ammonium sulfate precipitation, ACA-54 gel filtration, ultrafiltration and chromatofocusing. The product has a molecular weight of 14 000, as determined by electrophoretic mobility, and is free of interleukin 1, interferon, granulocyte and monocyte stimulating factors, B cell growth factor and phytohemagglutinin. The method is efficient, rapid and reproduceable and provides a helpful method for preparation of IL-2 for biochemical and biological studies at moderate cost and without the use of complex equipment. PMID- 3487852 TI - Response to ConA and PHA of host and donor thymic cells in radiation bone marrow chimeras. AB - The response of thymic cells to ConA and PHA was followed during 49 days in 9 Gy irradiated C3H mice reconstituted with (C3H X AKR)F1 BM. Thymic suspension were fractionated firstly according to their capacity to bind PNA, and secondly by their Thy-1 surface antigen: Thy-1.1 antiserum was used either to lyse doner derived cells or to separate them from host cells by panning. From days 14 to 25, when the donor-derived elements expand rapidly, the PNA- fraction remains stable and equal to 6%, suggesting that PNA+ and PNA- cell populations develop independently of each other. On the contrary, the PNA- fraction which initially represents 6% of the surviving cells rises up to 12% after day 20 and remains at this level in the long-lived host population until the end of the experiment (49 days). The response to ConA returns to normal as early as 15 days after X-rays in the PNA- fraction, whereas the response to PHA is still impaired at the end of the experiment. In both cases host cells express a higher level of responsiveness to mitogens than donor cells. PMID- 3487855 TI - Eye injuries in children. PMID- 3487854 TI - Effect of thymopoietin and interleukin 2 on depressed mitogenic responsiveness and colony formation of lymphocytes from patients with preleukemia. AB - Previously, cloning efficiencies and mitogenic responsiveness of lymphocytes from patients with preleukemic disorders were shown to be significantly depressed. Whole blood T lymphocyte colony formation and 3H-TdR incorporation were used to assess the effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and thymopoietin (TP-5) on the proliferation of lymphocytes from patients with preleukemia. There were no statistically significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between any of the test groups stimulated with mitogen alone when compared to groups stimulated with mitogen plus TP-5 and/or IL-2 in either assay system for either patient or control groups. Nevertheless, TP-5 and IL-2 markedly increased the cloning efficiency and mitogenic responsiveness of lymphocytes from many of the patients studied, but in no case restored the proliferation response to the level of mitogen stimulated control lymphocytes. These findings suggest that other soluble mediators/factors may be needed to fully compensate for deficient mitogenic responsiveness and colony formation of lymphocytes from patients with preleukemic disorders which may be multifactoria in origin. Of importance, enhancement of lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA/Con-A with TP-5 and IL-2 suggests the presence of maturational/functional defects in lymphocytes from some of these patients which may be compensated for in part by addition of TP-5 and IL-2. PMID- 3487856 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in transplant patients. PMID- 3487857 TI - Depletion of T cells from human bone marrow using monoclonal antibodies and rabbit complement. A quantitative and functional analysis. AB - Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) remains the principal complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In animal models mature T lymphocytes have been shown to be responsible for GVHD and, therefore, in vitro treatment of donor bone marrow using monoclonal T cell specific antibodies and complement is currently being investigated as a strategy for the prevention of GVHD. In the present studies anti-T12 and anti-T11 monoclonal antibodies and rabbit complement were used to remove T lymphocytes from normal bone marrow. The efficacy of depletion was investigated by immunofluorescence assays and by in vitro culture of the residual cells using nonspecific mitogens or allogeneic B cells as the proliferative stimulus in the presence of lymphocyte-conditioned medium containing interleukin 2 (IL-2). Immunofluorescence analysis showed complete depletion of T12+ and T11+ cells after treatment with the respective antibodies and with the combination. Nevertheless, culture of treated bone marrow with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A) and conditioned media containing IL-2 resulted in the proliferation of mature T cells (T3+, T4+ or T8+, T11+). Stimulation of treated marrow with allogeneic cells (Laz 388) resulted in the growth of a population with natural killer (NK) cell phenotype (T3-, T11+, NKH1+). The latter population was found to be strongly cytotoxic against K562 cells, a standard NK target. As expected, NK cells that are T11+ and T12- appeared to be more effected by in vitro treatment with anti-T11 than with anti T12. A clonogenic assay was then used to quantitate the efficacy of target cell depletion in vitro. Three sequential incubations of bone marrow with either anti T12 or anti-T11 plus complement resulted in depletion of 1-2 logs of clonogenic cells. Treatment with both antibodies concurrently resulted in elimination of 2-3 logs of clonogenic target cells. Although multiple treatments with both anti-T12 and anti-T11 were more effective than similar treatment with only one antibody, it remains to be established whether such combinations will be necessary in the clinical setting or whether more selective depletion of T cells without removal of NK cells might be optimal. PMID- 3487858 TI - Surgery in the solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum. PMID- 3487859 TI - Sclerosing agents used in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 3487860 TI - Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). PMID- 3487861 TI - [The occurrence of rheumatic polymyalgia and temporal arteritis in a Danish county. An epidemiological study during an 11-year period]. PMID- 3487862 TI - [Acquired von Willebrand's disease in chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 3487863 TI - [Clinical experience with a new footdrop stimulator]. PMID- 3487865 TI - [Cochleovestibular disorders in patients with early signs of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 3487864 TI - [The corneal endothelial layer after cataract extraction in Fuchs' syndrome]. PMID- 3487866 TI - [Immune status and immunotherapy of patients with mycoses of the upper respiratory tract and ear]. PMID- 3487867 TI - [Basis of immunocorrective therapy among patients with chronic osteomyelitis]. AB - The application of Dimexid and Dekaris is shown to give better results in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. PMID- 3487869 TI - History of computers in veterinary practices. AB - The early days of computerization were filled with anticipation, excitement, and frustration. Surviving those early days was an exciting challenge and looking back on that challenge, those of us who went through it now realize that the effort was worthwhile. PMID- 3487868 TI - [Results of total embolization of varicose veins of the gastroesophageal zone in portal hypertension in children]. AB - The operation is aimed at embolization of all the varicose veins of the gastroesophageal zone which are the source of bleeding in portal hypertension. Under the corresponding anatomical conditions the total embolization results in the decreased portal tension due to the development of effective direct portocaval anastomoses. PMID- 3487870 TI - Computerized medical record-keeping. AB - A useful computerized record-keeping system must be simple to use, easy to understand, reliable, accurate, and provide easy access to stored information. In this article, the author discusses his own record-keeping system and outlines both the advantages and disadvantages of putting records into a computer. PMID- 3487871 TI - Using databases. AB - Through a relatively simple computer technique known as online searching, practitioners can use computers to "reach out" beyond their practice walls to expand their knowledge base. By bringing information sources closer to veterinarians, feelings of isolation, frustration, and ineptitude can be replaced with feelings of certainty, confidence, and knowledge. This article explores the equipment and the software needed, and by giving examples of a few of the veterinary databases, illustrates some techniques employed in signing up and signing on to the power of online searching. PMID- 3487872 TI - Effects of computers on the practice. AB - Recent reports predicting the future of veterinary practice give reason for concern. They point out the challenges to the profession: improve practice management, increase client visitation, improve income, practice better medicine. The computer is the tool that will give the practitioner the ability to do this. The decision to invest in a computer system is an important one. It will affect nearly every aspect of the practice, so one must carefully consider all the factors. Fortunately, if one makes the decision to computerize and carries it out properly, the computer will have a dramatic, positive effect on your practice. PMID- 3487873 TI - Building a practice with a computer. AB - It should be emphasized that the primary function of the computer is information handling and communication. It remembers who and when and why, organizes the information, and then communicates by reminders, letters, labels, word processing, and statements. The computer becomes a faithful employee, not altogether immune from physical illness but generally ready to work at the flip of a switch. Best of all, the computer never asks for overtime or a percentage of the profits. PMID- 3487874 TI - Evaluating computer systems for the veterinary practice. AB - Evaluating the computer systems available to veterinarians involves examining the practice itself and its needs; the veterinarian and staff and their willingness to integrate different system types into the practice; and the systems and the vendors of those systems. This article gives guidelines to follow in all of these areas. PMID- 3487875 TI - Computers of the future. AB - It's been said that today's flights into fantasy become tomorrow's realities. This article is the author's flight into the future of computers. PMID- 3487876 TI - Hospital incidence of hypospadias in dogs in North America. AB - A review of medical records from 17 North American university veterinary medical teaching hospitals identified 66 dogs with hypospadias. Males predominated (15:1) and cryptorchidism was the most commonly diagnosed second anomaly, often associated with intersexuality. Fifteen cases, diagnosed at 10 different university hospitals, were Boston terriers, strongly suggesting that this breed has a familial predisposition for hypospadias. Male mongrels, as a group, were seen in approximately the same proportion as their representation in the hospital population, suggesting other components in the aetiology of the condition. If maternal histories are obtained as new cases are identified, a better understanding of the factors associated with the aetiology of the condition may be possible. PMID- 3487877 TI - Incidence of rupture of the liver in neonatal lambs in the north of Scotland. PMID- 3487878 TI - Automated colorimetric assay for the detection of Pasteurella haemolytica leucotoxin. AB - A rapid and easily performed colorimetric method has been adapted for the detection of the Pasteurella haemolytica leucotoxin using the lysis of bovine leucocyte BL-3 cells (a bovine lymphoid cell line obtained from Dr. G. Theilen, University of California, Davis). The method involves incubating BL-3 cells in the presence of P. haemolytica culture supernatant and assessing cell survival at the end of the assay by staining remaining BL-3 cells with the dye neutral red. Solubilization of the cells with concomitant dye release allows the assay to be read by measuring optical density (540 nm) with an automated spectrophotometer. This assay can also be used for the determination of neutralizing antiserum titres. PMID- 3487879 TI - Vaccinia virus proteins on the plasma membranes of infected cells. IV. Studies employing L cells infected with ultraviolet-irradiated vaccinia virions. AB - As measured by in vitro, 51Cr-release assays, the expression on plasma membranes of two, immediate-early, vaccinia virus-specified cell-surface antigens, with mol wt of 25K-27K and 16K-17K, could be directly correlated with the susceptibility of target cells to lysis by vaccinia virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3487880 TI - In vitro translation of cucumoviral satellites. II. CARNA 5 from cucumber mosaic virus strain S and SP6 transcripts of cloned (S)CARNA 5 cDNA produce electrophoretically comigrating protein products. AB - This report shows that (S)CARNA 5, the satellite of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain S, directs the synthesis of two small proteins in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. The two proteins are produced by the translation of both (S)CARNA 5 purified from CMV virions and the (+) strand purified from double stranded (S)CARNA 5. In addition, two protein products that comigrate electrophoretically with those above are produced when transcripts synthesized in vitro from full-length (S)CARNA 5 cDNA cloned in the plasmid pSP65 are substituted for (S)CARNA 5 in the translation system. The two proteins therefore must derive from a single (S)CARNA 5 sequence. PMID- 3487881 TI - Epidemiology of delta agent infection in Arabia: geographical distribution and prevalence of anti-delta. AB - The epidemiology of infection with the recently discovered delta (delta) agent was assessed in Saudi Arabia from the prevalence of antibody to delta (anti delta) in 488 HBsAg-seropositive subjects from various regions of the country. In the Riyadh area, anti-delta was prevalent in 22.2% of chronic hepatitis B patients compared to 7.9% and 6.7% in active hepatitis B patients and HBsAg carriers, respectively. Anti-delta was also prevalent in HBsAg carriers from Al Hafouf (5.3%) and Najran (9.6%), but no anti-delta was detected in 40 HBsAg positive polytransfused thalassemics and in 145 HBsAg carriers from Jaizan and Khaiber. It seems that delta infection is present in only certain regions of Saudi Arabia, and infection is possibly transmitted parenterally in these populations. PMID- 3487883 TI - [Diagnosis of occult hemorrhage in chronic diseases of the intestine]. PMID- 3487882 TI - Determination of ABO blood group zygosity by an antiglobulin rosetting technique and cell-based enzyme immunoassay. AB - Two methods were employed to determine the zygosity of A and B red cells, the rosetting antiglobulin test and the enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) technique. By means of the rosetting antiglobulin test, clear differences between AA and AO as well as BB and BO could be shown; however, this method could not define the variation in the amount of the H antigen as a complimentary means of differentiating AA from AO and BB from BO. The ELISA test could quantitatively estimate the level of expression of H antigen, and using anti-A and anti-B reagents in a simultaneous assay, a specific pattern could be generated for each phenotype. Both rosette and ELISA approaches offer easy and inexpensive means of determining zygosity within the ABO system for use in paternity exclusion. PMID- 3487884 TI - Drug fever. PMID- 3487886 TI - [Cataract surgery and lens implantation]. PMID- 3487885 TI - [Fibrin gluing in ophthalmic surgery]. AB - A new fibrin adhesive "Beriplast" of the Behringwerke AG Marburg was implemented for conjunctival glueing in 42 patients after intracapsular cataract extraction. The tissue adhesive was also examined in palpebral tumour surgery as to its compatibility and usefulness. Good functional and cosmetic results were obtained with regard to the conjunctiva and the eyelids, respectively. No cases of incompatibility were registered. PMID- 3487887 TI - [Screening for cervical cancer in East Germany--a progress report]. PMID- 3487889 TI - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in valvular aortic stenosis should not be resected at the time of surgery. PMID- 3487888 TI - [Acquired heart valve diseases--state of the art 1985]. AB - Over the last two decades a change in the etiology of acquired valvular heart disease and a continuous further development of its treatment has been observed. In this article the following topics are addressed: The pathology as it presents today, newer aspects in drug treatment, optimal timing and choice of surgery, the problem of concomitant coronary artery disease and hypertension, and management after surgery. Present experience answers some of the questions whereas others still remain unsolved. PMID- 3487890 TI - Should coronary angiography be performed in all patients who undergo catheterization for valvular heart disease? PMID- 3487891 TI - Routine coronary angiography is unnecessary in all patients with valvular heart disease. PMID- 3487892 TI - Indications for coronary arteriography in aortic valve disease. PMID- 3487893 TI - Coronary artery disease in aortic stenosis. PMID- 3487894 TI - [The effect of selenite (Na2SeO3) and tellurite (K2TeO3) on nerve tissue in culture]. PMID- 3487896 TI - Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency disorder or disease? A critical epidemiological review. PMID- 3487895 TI - [The effect of fusaric acid on nerve tissue cultured in vitro]. PMID- 3487898 TI - [T-cell subpopulations of syphilis patients]. PMID- 3487897 TI - [Consolidating chemotherapy in the treatment program of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3487900 TI - [Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in progressive systemic sclerosis (generalized scleroderma)]. AB - In a twenty-nine year old female patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) (PSS) and an impressing involvement of the intestine (disturbance of the oesophageal motility, pseudo-obstruction, malabsorption) a spontaneous, asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum is observed. Perforation or pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) could not be proved. The possible pathogenesis, course, prognosis and therapy of this rare complication are discussed. PMID- 3487899 TI - [Complement fragment C 3d in the plasma of patients with chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Activation of the complement system via immune complex formation plays an important role in the perpetuation of chronic inflammatory disorders. The serum levels of C3 or C4 do not necessarily reflect the actual complement catabolism. By measurement of the long-lived C3 split product "C3d" direct information about complement activation can be obtained. C3d was measured with a modified immunoelectrophoresis technique in EDTA-plasma of 106 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 36% of them showed significantly elevated C3d levels (mean: 8.93 micrograms/ml). Significant linear correlations were found for C3d with ESR, Lansbury-Index and plasma viscosity. PMID- 3487901 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in obstetrics]. AB - Labour pains have been influenced by TENS (electrodes placed at Th10 to L2) in 78 women (control group comprising 46 women) during delivery. No electrostimulation of the sacral segments was carried through. The two groups were comparable well because of similarities in their age, the babies' size at birth and equal conditions during delivery. The first TENS effect observed was a marked reduction of duration of labour with no increase in pathological cardiotocographic findings. With TENS applied, primiparae have been delivered after an average of 244 minutes (control group after 358 minutes) and multiparae after 159 minutes (control group after 256 minutes). 87 per cent of the TENS group's labour and 61 per cent of the control group's labour were induced. Using TENS, clearly reduced amounts of spasmolytic agents (44:74 per cent) had to be administered during labour. 41 per cent of the TENS group women suffered episiotomy or laceration (control group: 52 per cent). 80 per cent of the women in whom TENS had been applied considered TENS as facilitating childbirth. 68.4 per cent of the primipara TENS group (control group: 18.2 per cent) and 80 per cent of te multipara TENS group (control group: 25 per cent) indicated the labour pains to be absolutely endurable (with TENS applied, the labour pains did not start until about 15 minutes prior to delivery--lack of sacral electrodes?). However, the experience gathered as well as an assessment of the questionnaires filled in, indicate that, with all the technical equipment available, women in labour expect the medical staff to provide them with care, understanding and personal devotion. PMID- 3487902 TI - [Neuroradiologic findings in tumors of ventricles I-III]. AB - In the period from 1953-1983, apart from the computer tomography the following neurodiagnostic methods were employed for the diagnosis of ventricular tumours: native radiography of the skull, PEG, ventriculography, positive ventriculography, angiography and cerebral scintigraphy. This study shows that a clear change in the importance of the various methods has taken place in the above mentioned period of time. The X-ray pictures of the skull taken without a contrast medium have become less important in the last few years although they showed direct and indirect signs of the tumours in almost all ventricular tumours. The former paramount importance of the presentation of the tumours with negative or positive contrast media has decreased considerably. From 1980, for example, practically no pneumo-encephalograms and no air ventriculography have been carried out. The unreliable filling in PEG and the considerable stress for the patients, especially in classic ventriculography, and thus the relatively high rate of wrong diagnoses are the reasons for this change. Only the direct positive representation of the third ventricle, e.g. in case of pinealoma, are still attached the same importance as computer tomography. Carotid angiography which shows almost every ventricular tumour in our patients and can yield information about the vascular supply, has maintained its importance in the neuroradiological scheme of diagnostics. PMID- 3487903 TI - Emergency oesophageal transection for uncontrolled variceal bleeding. AB - Nine patients with bleeding oesophageal varices, who had not responded to aggressive conservative treatment, underwent emergency transabdominal oesophageal transection and reanastomosis using a mechanical stapling instrument. According to the classification of Child, 2 were graded as Class A, 4 as Class B, and 3 as Class C. Successful control of haemorrhage was achieved in all patients. Three patients died 15-33 days postoperatively. Causes were hepatic failure, sepsis and circulatory insufficiency. Recurrent variceal bleeding occurred in one patient after 15 and 23 months. One patient bled from the oesophageal wall were a clips had slipped after 17 months. One patient required postoperative dilatation due to oesophageal stricture. There was no anastomotic leakage and no cases of hepatic encephalopathy. One patient died after 26 months from an intercurrent disease. The remaining 5 patients are alive and free from symptoms related to varices 6, 20, 24, 25 and 32 months postoperatively. When other measures prove ineffective, transection with the EEA instrument can be recommended to control exsanguinating haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. It seems to be a useful additional procedure to those already in use. For definite assessment and conclusion, however, more experience from additional operations must be gained and longer follow-up is required. PMID- 3487904 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon requiring emergency surgery. AB - Three patients with massive bleeding from colonic angiodysplasia, all requiring emergency surgery, are presented. Prior to operation, the bleeding source was localized by angiography and colonoscopy. By this means the resection could be limited to the right colon. During follow-up of 7 months-4 years there has been no further bleeding. PMID- 3487905 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and serum immune complex in acute inflammatory polyneuritis. Detection by Clq binding assay. AB - Immune complexes (IC) were assessed in serum and CSF from 11 patients with acute inflammatory polyneuritis (AIP). An 125 I-labeled Clq binding assay (Clq BA) was used. IC were present in the sera of four patients and in the CSF of six. CSF-Clq BA of AIP (Group 1) were compared with 12 patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases (Group 2) and 22 patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (Group 3). There was only a significant difference between Group 1 compared to Group 3 (p less than 0.05). Serum and CSF IC did not correlate either with blood-brain barrier lesions or with immunoglobulin deposits in sural nerve biopsy. PMID- 3487906 TI - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats: effects of thymectomy and splenectomy. AB - Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) was induced in Lewis rats aged 4 months by the inoculation of whole bovine dorsal root with Freund's complete adjuvant. Prolonged follow-up demonstrated that a relapsing course is a regular feature of the disorder in animals at this age. Although the initial disease episode was the most severe, clinical recovery from subsequent relapses was less satisfactory, this probably being related to persistent morphological abnormalities in the peripheral nervous system. Antecedent thymectomy, splenectomy, or the two combined, had little effect on the clinical course of the disorder, apart from reducing the duration of relapses. This was only statistically significant following combined thymectomy/splenectomy. Histological abnormalities, however, tended to be less severe in the operated as compared with normal control or sham operated animals with EAN. The animals must have attained an immunocompetent state at the time of thymectomy and/or splenectomy. The capacity to develop EAN presumably resides in the draining lymph nodes and the occurrence of relapses is due to the continuing presence of antigen at the injection sites. PMID- 3487907 TI - Effect of non-surgical treatment on gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers. AB - According to previous findings, gingival bleeding seems to be reduced under the influence of cigarette smoking. The present study deals with the effect of non surgical therapy on gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers. The underlying hypothesis was that the therapeutic effect in terms of reduction of gingival bleeding might differ in smokers and non-smokers. Twenty patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers, took part in the study. Gingival bleeding was assessed by probing under a standardized pressure (60 g), and measurements were performed before and 1 month after the completion of active treatment. The active treatment included debridement of supra- and sub-gingival deposits by means of hand instrumentation. The treatment caused a reduction in plaque index and gingival bleeding both in smokers and in non-smokers. The plaque reduction was significantly greater in smokers. Nevertheless, the reduction in gingival bleeding was significantly less pronounced than that attained in non smokers. The findings suggest that the gingival bleeding response to treatment is reduced in smokers. It would seem that in response to a given amount of plaque reduction the changes in gingival bleeding will be less apparent under the influence of smoking. PMID- 3487908 TI - Congenital stationary night blindness. AB - Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) seems to be a very rare condition in Scandinavia. From Denmark a 7-generation family with the dominant form was published in 1909, and one family with the X-linked recessive form was reported from Norway. On going through the files of the National Eye Clinic for Visually Impaired, 7 patients were found (1 dominant, 4 X-linked recessive, 1 simplex case and 1 autosomal recessive). Including anamnestic information on relatives, 17 patients had a diagnosis of CSNB. The clinical findings in these cases are reported with stress on alteration in ERG, dark adaptation and the optic discs. The loss of oscillatory potentials in a carrier of CSNB is described. The provisional findings seem to indicate that 3 genetic variants are present in the Danish population. The real prevalence is estimated considerably higher than 17 out of 5 million. PMID- 3487909 TI - The relationship of optokinetic nystagmus to pursuit eye movements, vestibular nystagmus and to saccades in humans. A clinical study. AB - The relationship of mean velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to pursuit eye movements (PEM), to vestibular nystagmus and to voluntary saccades was analysed in 10 patients with peripheral vestibular lesions and in 30 patients with central vestibular lesions. PEM and vestibular nystagmus were significantly correlated to OKN, suggesting that a common neural pathway is used in the generation of these eye movements. Weak or no correlation was found between saccadic peak velocity and slow phase velocity of OKN. Using multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that 78.5% of the variation in the slow-phase velocity of OKN could be explained by a synthesis of PEM and vestibular test data. PEM test data were more powerful than those of vestibular nystagmus in deduction of OKN. The possible appearance of slow build-up of OKN could not be deduced from the reduction of PEM. Hence, the relationship between PEM and OKN in man is not a simple linear one, but is more complex. PMID- 3487912 TI - Active head turning and correlated cerebral potentials. Experimental and clinical aspects. AB - Fast voluntary horizontal head movements (n = 400, maximum acceleration 8,500 deg/sec2) were recorded together with surface EEG over pre- and post-central regions in 30 healthy volunteers while they were gazing at a head-fixed target in darkness. Artifacts of mechanical, myogenic and oculomotor origin could be precluded. Selective averaging of the fastest movements revealed a biphasic cortical potential. Median latency of its onset was 123.5 msec, of its first peak 189 msec, of the second peak 373 msec, with amplitudes ranging around 5.7 microV. Similar recordings in patients with uni- or bilateral vestibular nerve lesions demonstrated that strong stimulation of the joint vestibular and somatosensory (neck afferent) input facilitated characteristically related EEG activity: side differences of vestibular input could be measured on this level of the CNS, i.e. measured on the cortical level as additional information to the commonly used vestibulo-oculomotor response; patients with early, bilateral loss of vestibular functions showed a specific long-term adaptation of their related EEC activity. We conclude that clinical studies of this kind might aid in diagnosis of vertigo and related phenomena. PMID- 3487911 TI - Bechterew decompensation. AB - A right labyrinthectomy was performed in rats 5 months after a left labyrinthectomy. Spontaneous compensation of balance functions after both operations was assessed by observing nystagmus, rolling about the longitudinal axis, circular walking and head tilt. Decompensation, induced by brief halothane NO anaesthesia, released predominantly symptoms characteristic for the period after the first labyrinthectomy. Bechterew symptoms could, however, also be decompensated. It is concluded that Bechterew compensation does not re-establish balance in the central vestibular system. Dysbalance and vertigo of vestibular origin is thus conceivable in patients after all peripheral vestibular function has been lost. PMID- 3487910 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in guinea pigs. Impairment induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) were studied in guinea pigs receiving daily administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The vestibular epithelia were also examined by scanning electron microscope technique (SEM). The treatment with aminoglycosides led to varying degrees of VORs according to (i) the type of aminoglycoside drug; (ii) the duration of the treatment and, (iii) the sensitivity of the various vestibular receptors. Gentamicin caused an earlier and severe reduction of the VOR gain. Dibekacin also caused evident damage, but the onset of its action was delayed. Both drugs affected mainly the vertical responses. Tobramycin and netilmicin altered the VORs slightly. Histological examination revealed damage to the sensory epithelia corresponding to the observed VOR impairments. PMID- 3487914 TI - The Pi Z allele and hepatic alpha 1-antitrypsin globules in patients with secondary liver cancer. AB - To evaluate the frequency of false positive globular inclusions, 89 autopsy cases with various malignancies and liver metastases have been examined by immunoperoxidase staining of liver sections and isoelectric focusing of sera. Four subjects with AAT globules in their hepatocytes were found, all of whom had the Pi Z phenotype. Globular inclusions were not found in any subject lacking the Pi Z allele on isoelectric focusing, but in 3 subjects with the Pi Z phenotype no hepatocytic globules were found. PMID- 3487913 TI - The effect of toluene on the vestibulo- and opto-oculomotor system in rats. A computerized nystagmographic study. AB - The short-term effect of exposure to toluene on the vestibulo- and opto oculomotor system in rats was investigated. Stimulation of the vestibulo- and opto-oculomotor system was either a constant rotatory acceleration, a sinusoidal oscillation, a randomized oscillation or an optokinetic stimulation. Eye movements in response to the different stimulations were recorded by EOG and fed into a computer for analysis. Due to toluene exposure the slow phase velocity gain during constant acceleration increased and the post-acceleratory nystagmus response was prolonged. The optokinetic gain at stimulation velocities above 10 deg/sec decreased during toluene exposure. Toluene also prolonged the duration of optokinetic after- and after-afternystagmus. The findings in this study strongly suggest an effect of toluene on the cerebellum. PMID- 3487915 TI - [The sedative, antipyretic and analgesic effects of betaine hydrochloride]. PMID- 3487916 TI - Substances that rapidly augment ionic conductance of endothelium in cerebral venules. AB - Classical techniques for studying modulations of microvascular permeability have a time resolution of minutes. A newly developed method allows continuous measurement of the electrical resistance of the microvascular membrane in vivo (Olesen & Crone 1983). The technique exploits microelectrodes impaled into the vascular lumen and is based on cable analysis of the vessel. It was applied to venules on the surface of the frog brain to test the effect on microvascular permeability of a wide variety of substances. The following agents increased ionic permeability reversibly within seconds: 5-hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin, ATP, ADP, AMP, phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, leukotriene C4, oxygen-derived free radicals, ionophore A23187, and unbound Evans blue dye. An irreversible permeability increase was induced by protamine sulphate, neuraminidase, trypsin, melittin, and snake venoms from Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops atrox. The following substances were without effect within an administration period of 5 min: histamine, epinephrine, putrescine, angiotensin II, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P, neurotensin, vasopressin, adenosine, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, prostacyclin (PGI2), leukotriene B4, albumin, heparin, plant cytokinins, hyaluronidase, thrombin, wasp venom. Variations in pH between 5.1 and 8.6 did not change permeability. Three conclusions are drawn from the observations: (1) the permeability of cerebral microvessels can be modulated by specific agents, (2) the agents induced changes in the endothelium within a few seconds, and (3) the rapid permeability increase induced by inflammatory mediators was less than two fold and reversible within minutes. PMID- 3487917 TI - Bleeding decreases duodenal HCO3-secretion by a nervous mechanism. PMID- 3487918 TI - Spatial and quantitative distribution of human peritumoural brain oedema in computerized tomography. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) was used to study the pathways of oedema spreading in man. Based on the assumption that local changes in CT numbers in oedematous white matter closely correspond to changes in tissue water content, CT numbers of consecutive tissue blocks of 3.0-3.6 mm were examined in the main directions of oedema spreading: towards the deep white matter, towards the cortex and towards the ventricle. Tumours with oedema grade II and III showed a reduction of CT number of 10 +/- 1.8. The corresponding increase in water content of about 10-12% seems to be an upper limit of fluid accumulation in the white matter. From this oedema centre, water content very slowly and gradually decreased along the oedema projection into the deep white matter. In contrast, if oedema reached the cortex of adjacent gyri, the decline in water content was very sharp. A similar observation was made in the external capsule where oedema sharply declined at the border to the adjacent grey matter, putamen and claustrum. Oedema projection towards the ventricle showed a nearly uniform magnitude from the centre to the ventricular lining, suggesting a certain resistance by a limited capacity of transependymal drainage of oedema fluid. It is assumed that the spatial distribution and extension of oedema around a brain tumour is determined by a system of differential resistance to fluid movement in the following order: grey matter--ventricular lining--white matter. PMID- 3487919 TI - Common altered characteristics of mutant enzymes from patients with Japanese type APRT deficiencies. PMID- 3487920 TI - Induction of complete remission in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with deoxycoformycin (dcf) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A). PMID- 3487921 TI - Deoxy-ATP accumulation in adenosine deaminase-inhibited human B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 3487923 TI - Decreased methionine synthesis in purine nucleoside treated T and B lymphoblasts: reversal by homocysteine. PMID- 3487922 TI - B-lymphocytes, thymocytes and platelets accumulate high dATP levels in simulated ADA deficiency. PMID- 3487924 TI - Role of dATP in the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis in isolated nuclei. PMID- 3487925 TI - Biphasic effect of adenosine on cell growth and cell cycle of human lymphoid cell lines. PMID- 3487926 TI - Intracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotide pools of human T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 3487927 TI - Hereditary orotic aciduria: further biochemistry. PMID- 3487928 TI - Adenosine deaminase deficiency and chondro-osseous dysplasia. AB - An in vitro model of ADA deficiency is selectively toxic to cartilage from immature rabbits with a greater effect on growth plate than articular cartilage. The selective toxicity observed appears to be the consequence of ATP depletion. These results support the hypothesis that the chondro-osseous dysplasia observed in patients with ADA deficiency is caused by the disordered metabolism that results from the enzyme deficiency. PMID- 3487929 TI - Factors associated with alcohol and substance abuse in women and children. PMID- 3487930 TI - Substance use among females in New York State: catching up with the males. AB - Epidemiologic surveys of the New York State population over the past several years show substance use rates for females that are approaching the higher use rates for males. Surveys of the secondary school population show similar rates of use for girls and boys over time as well as a similar intensity of involvement. Surveys of adults show a dramatic increase of use for females, ages 18 to 34 years, in recent years, and a more modest increase for females, ages 35 years and older. An analysis of substance use by sex, age, marital status and employment identifies disparate rates of use among subgroups. For instance, among younger adults, single full-time employed women have considerably higher rates of use than housewives for illicit substances as well as psychoactive prescription drugs used medically as well as nonmedically. PMID- 3487932 TI - Retrospective analysis of lifetime changes in women's drinking behavior. AB - Retrospective data on drinking behavior and related life experiences have been a neglected resource in research on alcohol use in the general population. Data from a 1981 national survey of women's drinking indicate the potential value of retrospective data analysis. The 1981 data provide comparative ages of onset for drinking behavior, drinking consequences, and health problems, and allow comparisons among different cohorts of women. The data also show the variability in women's lifetime drinking patterns and the time-ordering of heavy drinking in relation to onset of depression and reproductive dysfunction. PMID- 3487931 TI - Adolescents' substance use: impact of ethnicity, income, and availability. AB - This study examines ethnic differences in reported use of cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, hard drugs, and non-prescription medications among a sample of adolescents and attempts to explain these differences in terms of income, ease of acquisition, and availability from friends. Data were obtained from 847 students three times over a five-year period. Results indicate consistent and significant differences among ethnic groups substance use at all three points in time. It was hypothesized that ethnic groups have differential access to substances and economic resources to purchase various drugs. To test these hypotheses, availability from friends, perceived ease of acquisition, income from earnings and gifts/allowances, and initial substance use were examined across ethnic groups and then used as covariates of the substance differences. A split-plot repeated measures design with covariates was used to compare changes in substance use across time and between ethnic groups. Earned income made a significant impact on explaining the ethnic differences for cigarette, alcohol, and given income on cannabis consumption. Adding community variables such as availability from friends, ease of acquisition, and initial drug use not only eliminates the effects of income variables on drug use, but in most cases, the ethnic differences among adolescents as well. PMID- 3487933 TI - [Causes of school absenteeism in students in the 5th to 10th grades--analysis of the school year]. PMID- 3487934 TI - Nonlymphomatous lymphoid disorders of the lung. AB - Nonlymphomatous lymphoid disorders of the lung consist of several entities with varied histology and clinical behavior. On the basis of histologic appearance, six lesions can be identified. They include Castleman's disease, plasma-cell granuloma, pseudolymphoma, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. These conditions in 22 patients, their radiologic and histopathologic features, and their relationship to the malignant lymphomas are discussed. Although a radiographic diagnosis may be suggested, overlapping features mandate open-lung biopsy in most instances. The frequent evolution toward malignant lymphoma with lymphomatoid granulomatosis and pseudolymphoma necessitates close follow-up and sometimes aggressive therapy. PMID- 3487935 TI - MRI of the normal pericardium. AB - The visibility and thickness of the pericardium, as depicted by MRI, and the changes of these parameters over the cardiac cycle were determined in 18 normal subjects. Gated, cycled, multisection images were obtained in the transaxial orientation. Using a score-point system for quantification, there was better visualization of the low-intensity pericardial line during systole as compared with diastole (p less than 0.005). Pericardial thickness was 1.2 +/- 0.5 mm in diastole and 1.7 +/- 0.5 mm in systole (p less than 0.001) as measured in a midventricular section in front of the right ventricle; both values exceeded the thickness of 0.4 to 1.0 mm reported for anatomic measurements of pericardial thickness. The layer of normal pericardial fluid present in the pericardial space should also have low intensity, and it likely contributes to the overall pericardial thickness as visualized by MRI. Since MRI is sensitive to the small amount of normal pericardial fluid and depicts its anatomic distribution, it should be valuable in detection and quantification of even small pericardial effusions. PMID- 3487936 TI - MRI of the abnormal pericardium. AB - To evaluate the use of MRI in the diagnosis of pericardial disease, 63 patients with pericardial abnormalities or clinically suspected pericardial disease were studied retrospectively. Twenty-three patients had pericardial effusion, 19 patients had pericardial thickening, and 11 patients were referred for evaluation of masses with possible pericardial involvement. The other 10 patients were referred for differentiation of constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy and eventually were found to have pericardial hematoma or normal pericardium as assessed by MRI. The calculated size of pericardial effusion by MRI showed a good correlation with semiquantitative echocardiographic estimations. MRI could demonstrate fibrinous adhesions in patients with uremic pericarditis. It was also of great value in the differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis vs restrictive cardiomyopathy. Pericardial thickness of more than 4 mm was found in patients with constrictive pericarditis. Normal pericardial thickness was demonstrated by MRI in the three patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy. MRI diagnosed hemopericardium correctly as the cause of constrictive symptoms in two patients. Pericardial thickening in patients after cardiac surgery was commonly found by MRI and usually was not associated with clinical signs of constrictive pericarditis. MRI proved to be useful in the diagnosis of pericardial cysts and in the evaluation of paracardiac masses with possible pericardial involvement. MRI is an important technique in the evaluation of the pericardium. It can provide important additional information when diagnosis cannot be made adequately by other noninvasive imaging techniques. PMID- 3487937 TI - MRI of perivalvular infectious pseudoaneurysms. AB - MRI demonstrated perivalvular infectious pseudoaneurysms in three patients who had infective endocarditis that complicated cardiac surgery. In each case the infectious pseudoaneurysm, or abscess cavity, demonstrated absence of MR signal, consistent with the free flow of blood between it and the vessel lumen. Cardiac gated MR images showed the precise location of the three infectious pseudoaneurysms in relation to the cardiac chambers: One was between the aortic root and left atrium; another was in the outflow portion of the ventricular septum; and the third surrounded the Rastelli conduit. Noninvasiveness, independence from the need for IV contrast material, precision in determining the site of the infectious pseudoaneurysm, and the lack of image artifacts produced by prosthetic valves make MRI a useful technique for detecting infectious cardiac pseudoaneurysms. PMID- 3487938 TI - Efficacy of radiologic studies in the detection of Barrett's esophagus. AB - Esophageal radiography using two different air-contrast techniques was used to examine 30 patients with Barrett's esophagus and 18 controls. All patients had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy of the esophagus. The radiographs were randomized, masked, and then interpreted by two radiologists blinded to the endoscopic and biopsy diagnosis. Depending upon the diagnostic strategy of the radiologist, sensitivity varied from 0.36 to 0.83 and specificity from 0.56 to 1.00. A typical receiver-operating-characteristic curve was generated. Esophageal radiography is effective in identifying those patients who have stricture and ulceration as a complication beyond the epithelial transformation. However, because of low sensitivity, it is not a satisfactory method for identifying most cases of Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 3487939 TI - Radiographic and endoscopic sensitivity in detecting lower esophageal mucosal ring. AB - Radiographic and endoscopic sensitivities were compared in 60 patients with lower esophageal mucosal ring. Barium esophagram detected 57 (95%) rings, all shown by the prone full-column technique. Double-contrast technique in 39 patients demonstrated only 18 (46%) rings. Endoscopy detected 35 (58%) of 60 rings. Endoscopic sensitivity depended on ring caliber with detection of 18 (82%) of 22 rings 13 mm or less in caliber, 14 (54%) of 26 14-19 mm rings, and three (25%) of 12 rings 20 mm or wider. Dysphagia was present in 13 of 25 patients with rings undetected by endoscopy. The caliber of the fiberoptic instruments used also affected endoscopic detection, with 47% of the rings being diagnosed with narrower endoscopes and 76% being diagnosed with larger instruments. Thus, the radiographic examination was more accurate in detecting lower esophageal mucosal ring and should be used initially in patients with dysphagia and suspected lower esophageal narrowing. PMID- 3487940 TI - An alternative technique for double-contrast esophagography (technical note). PMID- 3487941 TI - Retractile mesenteritis involving the colon: pathologic and radiologic correlation (case report). PMID- 3487942 TI - Small-bowel diverticulitis: CT findings. AB - Three patients with subsequently proven small-bowel diverticulitis were studied with preoperative CT. In all three cases, an inflammatory mass was present, two involving the terminal ileum and cecum and one involving the jejunum. While the findings in the two cases of ileal diverticulitis simulated appendicitis, in the case of jejunal diverticulitis the diagnosis was suggested on the basis of CT findings. Small-bowel diverticulitis should be included in the differential diagnosis if an inflammatory mass involving the small bowel is demonstrated on CT. PMID- 3487943 TI - Morphologic and functional changes in the kidney after percutaneous nephrosto lithotomy. AB - Morphology and function of the kidney were studied before and after percutaneous stone extraction in 33 patients with unilateral calculus disease to assess damage secondary to the extraction procedures. Anatomic changes were studied using excretory urography before the procedure and at 3 to 6 months postoperatively, and using nephrostograms and noncontrast nephrotomograms several days after the procedure. Renal function was evaluated with radionuclide renography both before surgery and at either 4 to 6 weeks or about 1 year postoperatively. Six patients had early changes detected clinically and with nephrostograms, but only three of these had abnormalities on delayed excretory urography. Significant changes in renal function were found only in those patients who had clinically detectable complications (p less than 0.05), in one case before symptoms were manifest. PMID- 3487945 TI - Functional adrenal disease: radiologic evaluation in a patient with anomalous kidneys. PMID- 3487944 TI - Scrotal cystocele with bladder calculi (case report). PMID- 3487946 TI - MRI of puerperal ovarian-vein thrombosis (case report). PMID- 3487948 TI - Incomplete carpal coalition. AB - Congenital coalition between the lunate and triquetrum is a common anomaly that may have several different radiographic appearances. We report seven patients with partial coalition and rounded radiolucencies in the subarticular region of both bones. The most likely cause of this combination of findings is abnormal differentiation of the joint space and remnants of misplaced synovial tissue that formed during the disorganized process of joint development. PMID- 3487947 TI - 1.5-T surface-coil MRI of the knee. AB - Five normal knees and 20 knees with suspected abnormalities involving the menisci or articular surfaces were examined with high-resolution surface-coil MRI. Surgical correlation was available in 15 cases. Signal-to-noise ratios were optimized using a field strength of 1.5 T and a round 7.6-cm surface coil. Spatial resolution was maximized by using fields of view reduced to as small as 8 cm. Separate examinations of the medial and lateral joint compartments were performed with the surface coil positioned vertically adjacent to the meniscus of interest. Ten meniscal tears were identified using sagittal and coronal images. T1-weighted images were adequate to detect most meniscal tears, and T2-weighted images were useful for providing an "arthrogram effect" in the presence of a joint effusion. Extrameniscal lesions that were examined included osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle, subchondral cysts, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis, and anterior cruciate ligament tears. MRI was useful in determining the integrity of articular cartilage overlying defects in the subchondral bone and in detecting gross cartilage lesions in arthritis, but was less sensitive than arthroscopy in evaluating moderate changes in the hyaline cartilage. PMID- 3487949 TI - The coexistence of congenital megacalyces and primary megaureter. AB - Congenital megacalyces is a rare developmental condition of the kidney consisting of hypoplasia of the medullary pyramids and dilatation of the calyces. There is no obstruction. Primary megaureter is a form of obstructive uropathy in which there is an obstructing juxtavesical segment of ureter that is normal in caliber but that is aperistaltic. These conditions were found to occur simultaneously in the same patient six times during the past 10 years. Recognition of this rare coexistence is important so that unnecessary surgery can be avoided. PMID- 3487950 TI - CT peritoneography in evaluation of pediatric dialysis complications. AB - Intraperitoneal contrast material with CT scanning was used to evaluate three children with multiple recurrences of peritonitis and no obvious source of infection while they were undergoing continuous-cycling peritoneal dialysis. In one child a loculus of uno-pacified dialysate was readily identified, confirming sonographic findings that suggested an inflammatory pseudocyst. In the other two children, contrast material dispersed throughout the peritoneal dialysate, suggesting that recurrent peritonitis occurred from extraperitoneal contamination. CT peritoneography is easily performed with contrast material instilled through the peritoneal dialysis catheter. Combining anatomic imaging with intraperitoneal-fluid dynamics, this technique should provide more complete evaluation of the peritoneal cavity than other imaging methods. While additional evaluation is necessary, our initial experience suggests the usefulness of CT peritoneography in excluding an intraperitoneal source of infection during long term peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3487951 TI - Esophageal atresia and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: sequential coexistence of disease (case report). PMID- 3487952 TI - Foci of MRI signal (pseudo lesions) anterior to the frontal horns: histologic correlations of a normal finding. AB - Review of all normal magnetic resonance (MR) scans performed over a 12-month period consistently revealed punctate areas of high signal intensity on T2 weighted images in the white matter just anterior and lateral to both frontal horns. Normal anatomic specimens were examined with attention to specific characteristics of this region. Three unique features typify the brain tissues that correspond to the foci of high signal. First, this region of the brain is notable for its loose network of axons with low myelin content. Second, pathologic scrutiny revealed an entity called "ependymitis granularis," which represents patchy loss of the ependyma in the frontal horns with astrocytic gliosis. Third, flow of interstitial fluid within this region of the brain tends to converge at the dorsal-lateral angle of the frontal horns. All these factors contribute to increased water content locally, which results in foci of high signal intensity anterior to the frontal horns in all normal MR scans. PMID- 3487953 TI - Dynamic spin-echo MRI of liver cancer using Gadolinium-DTPA: animal investigation. AB - An animal model of liver cancer was used to demonstrate that with a fast MRI technique, Gadolinium-DTPA increases tumor-liver contrast. A spin-echo pulse sequence with short repetition (TR) and echo-delay (TE) times (TR 250/TE 15/Excitations 1) has a scan time of 0.6 min, which allows early dynamic postcontrast infusion imaging. This is necessary to capture peak compartmental differences when an extracellular contrast agent such as Gadolinium-DTPA is used. This short TR/short TE pulse sequence also increases T1-dependent tissue contrast over the traditional (inversion recovery or spin echo) T1-weighted pulse sequences. Our studies suggest a significant potential for improved detection of liver metastases with Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced liver MRI. PMID- 3487955 TI - Optimal pulsing sequences for MR contrast agents. AB - Chelates of paramagnetic metals have been developed for use as contrast agents for MRI. Several such agents are cleared by biliary excretion and significantly reduce proton T1 and T2 of liver and bile. These influences on proton-relaxation rates also influence the choice of pulsing sequences. In studies on rabbits, with and without contrast agents, the influence of repetition time (TR) and echo-delay time (TE) are demonstrated. Excellent liver images were obtained with an imaging time of 20 sec using TR = 80 msec, TE = 10 msec, and two excitations. The effects of such contrast agents are best imaged at short TR and short TE. PMID- 3487954 TI - Multiple-angle, variable-interval, nonorthogonal MRI. AB - Multiple-angle, variable-interval, nonorthogonal (MAVIN) MRI is a new, time saving technique that allows for the independent choice of slice angle and position for each slice in a multiangle pulse sequence. By appropriate adjustment of the slice-select radiofrequency pulse and the slice-select and readout magnetic-field gradients, the interval and angle of each slice may be individually chosen. MAVIN can reduce examination time in studies of the lumbar spine, orbits, knees, and heart, where nonparallel oblique scanning may be necessary and would otherwise require the use of additional pulse sequences. Loss of signal in the region of intersection of multiple planes due to local changes in effective repetition time is a practical limitation. For this reason, scan planes are chosen so that the intersection does not overlie the region of interest. PMID- 3487956 TI - Technical considerations for the use of surface coils in MRI. AB - The signal-to-noise response characteristics for two surface coils of different construction geometries (a single-turn planar coil and a single-turn saddle shaped coil) were measured and compared with head and body coils. Measurements were made at different gradient magnifications (0, 20, 30, and 40%, relative to the head coil) and with different numbers of signal averages (3, 8, 12, and 18). The signal-to-noise curves were used to guide the selection of surface coils for use in clinical studies. This technique is useful in determining the optimal technique for specific clinical problems evaluated by surface-coil imaging. For the planar (flat) surface coils, the signal-to-noise per pixel was found to be superior to the conventional head coil at depths equal to or less than 5 cm. For the saddle coil, signal-to-noise per pixel was superior to the head coil for depths below 8.5 cm for magnifications up to 30%. For the 40% magnification, the depth at which the signal-to-noise was equal to the head coil decreased to about 6 cm. Surface coils have demonstrated a marked improvement in signal-to-noise relative to conventional head and body coils for superficial structures. PMID- 3487958 TI - Coagulation of aneurysms by direct percutaneous thrombin injection. AB - We describe a new technique for clotting aneurysms by direct injection of diluted thrombin through a fine needle or cannula. The four patients treated had pseudoaneurysms of the iliac, femoral, and peroneal arteries, and a true aneurysm of an accessory hepatic artery. Five hundred to one thousand (500-1000) units of thrombin were injected into the aneurysmal sac only when there was blood stasis, either de novo or induced by occlusion of the feeding vessel. No significant complications ensued. PMID- 3487959 TI - Apparent arterial occlusion due to pneumatic antishock garment: pitfall in trauma angiography (case report). PMID- 3487957 TI - Dynamic-range compression in surface-coil MRI. AB - The large dynamic range in signal intensity present in MR surface-coil images makes proper windowing and photography difficult. By removing the low-spatial frequency information caused by variations in surface-coil field intensity from the high-spatial frequency information containing the image data, a considerable compression of this dynamic range of signal intensity is possible. To accomplish this, a technique was implemented on a digital computer for use with MR surface coil image data. The compression was done as a postprocessing option after the patient scan had been completed and therefore did not alter actual scan times. Although the image signal-to-noise was not altered, the ease of photography for most images was improved. Thus, digital dynamic-range compression is a practical technique to aid in surface-coil MRI studies. PMID- 3487960 TI - Intercostal-space nephrostomy for percutaneous stone removal. AB - Intercostal-space nephrostomies were created in 50 kidneys for removal of 17 staghorn, 9 calyceal, and 24 ureteral calculi. Complications were encountered in six [12%] of 50 patients. These included large pleural effusions in four patients and hydropneumothoraces in two patients. Four patients (8%) had chest tubes placed. The intercostal approach provides direct, straight access to both upper pole and ureteral calculi as well as to the major portion of most staghorn calculi. Although the morbidity rate is slightly higher than for the more traditional approach via the subcostal lower pole or middle calyx complications generally can be avoided by using a working sheath and placing a large nephrostomy tube after the procedure. PMID- 3487962 TI - Biliary endoprosthesis blockage: clearance using a 22-gauge needle (technical note). PMID- 3487961 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: pancreatic and biliary tumors. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 240 patients with suspected pancreatic or biliary tumors between 1978 and 1984. Between 1978 and 1982, using only sonographic guidance, the sensitivity of the technique was 66.7% for pancreatic and 40% for biliary tumors compared with 79.4% for carcinomas in other locations. The main reasons for failure to obtain positive cytology were small tumor size and sampling errors. From 1983 onward, combined sonographic and fluoroscopic biopsy guidance with opacification of the bile duct or pancreatic duct was routinely used together with heavier sedation to allow more careful needle placement. The sensitivity of the technique improved from 1983 to 1984 and was 77.5% for pancreatic tumors and 60% for biliary tumors. Failure of the cytologic technique to identify well-differentiated tumors and lymphomas has become a major source of tumor misdiagnosis. PMID- 3487963 TI - Digital-scout-radiograph-assisted percutaneous abscess drainage (technical note). PMID- 3487964 TI - Physician investment in free-standing imaging centers: in opposition. PMID- 3487965 TI - Physician investment in free-standing imaging centers: in defense. PMID- 3487966 TI - Radiology, it's not the same! ARRS presidential address. PMID- 3487967 TI - Pain control after biliary drainage. PMID- 3487968 TI - Talc: its manifestations in the chest. PMID- 3487969 TI - Intracardiac tumor regression documented by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 3487970 TI - Mesenchyme formation from the trigeminal placodes of the mouse embryo. AB - The trigeminal placode is a thickened region of ectodermal epithelium located along the side of the embryonic head. Mesenchyme escapes from the placode to form neurons of the trigeminal (V) ganglion. To further our knowledge of the morphogenesis of this escape, plastic thick sections were cut from mouse embryos and stained for light microscopy by using a technique which revealed escaping mesenchyme. The escape of trigeminal mesenchyme began at approximately 12 somites of age and was substantially complete by 30 somites. These results provided spatial/temporal orientation for a subsequent electron microscopic study. The first ultrastructural manifestation of escape was the penetration of an otherwise continuous basal lamina by small cell processes. The presence of longitudinally oriented microtubules within these processes suggests that mesenchymal cells escape through the basal lamina by using microtubules to direct/move their contents (e.g., the cell nucleus) into an enlarging process. Nuclei were distorted as they passed into these processes. This distortion suggests that basal lamina, together with a possible contribution from basal microfilaments, forms a rigid obstruction which is disrupted in the region from which a process is formed. In some cases a collar of basal lamina was observed around the necks of processes, but their distal membranes were invariably lamina-free. This lamina free membrane is possibly that which is newly formed to accommodate the growing process. In later stages of escape, instances were observed in which the lamina was completely absent beneath an escaping cell and partially degraded beneath adjacent cells as well. These instances suggest that enzymatic digestion may play a role in degrading the lamina during mesenchymal escape. Apical desmosomes were often retained beyond the initial stages of escape. Mechanisms involved in their disruption are thus not among those which initiate escape. PMID- 3487971 TI - An ultrastructural comparison of neuromuscular junctions in normal and developmentally arrested Rana pipiens larvae: limited maturation in the absence of metamorphosis. AB - Neuromuscular junctions in the rectus abdominis muscles of normal and developmentally arrested Rana pipiens larvae were studied with freeze fracture and conventional electron microscopy to determine whether structural aspects of junctional maturation depend on metamorphosis. Comparison was made between junctions in premetamorphic larvae 1-3 months old and junctions in larvae that had remained in premetamorphosis for more than a year (more than four times as long as normal). In most respects, junctions from the two groups of larvae were similar. Unlike adult junctions, nerve-muscle contacts in both larval groups were pleomorphic and often involved more than one neuronal process; Schwann cell processes very rarely extended between nerve and muscle. Active zone structure ranged from total disorganization to an adult pattern of highly ordered double rows of particles aligned over junctional folds. Only quantitative analysis revealed differences between junctions in old and young larvae. The older larvae had fewer nerve-muscle contact sites involving multiple neuronal elements and a higher ratio of active zone length to presynaptic membrane area, although the mean active zone length was the same in the two groups. The results indicate that the maturation of junctional shape, the branching pattern of the axons, and the relationship of presynaptic axons to Schwann cells must be directly or indirectly dependent on the hormonal or behavioral changes associated with metamorphosis. PMID- 3487972 TI - Langerhans' granulomatosis and failure of editorial scrutiny. PMID- 3487973 TI - Presence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria and beta-lactamase activity in abscesses. AB - The presence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) in abscesses was investigated in 109 abscesses. Single isolates were recovered in 23 (21%) instances and were predominantly Staphylococcus aureus. The other abscesses yielded growth of two or more aerobic and/or anaerobic organisms. Aerobic bacteria were recovered in 28 (26%) of the aspirates, anaerobic bacteria in 41 (38%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 40 (36%). A total of 362 isolates (247 anaerobes and 115 aerobes) were recovered, accounting for 3.3 isolates per specimen (2.2 anaerobes and 1.1 aerobes). One hundred beta-lactamase producing organisms were recovered in 88 (77%) specimens. These included all 28 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis, 18 of 30 Bacteroides melaninogenicus, 42 of 43 S. aureus, and 11 of 14 Escherichia coli. Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 40 (55%) of the purulent specimens when using the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin method. These data demonstrate the presence of aerobic and anaerobic BLPB in abscesses. PMID- 3487975 TI - Acquired von Willebrand disease and storage pool disease in chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - Platelet function was evaluated in 20 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), all Ph positive. Seven showed abnormal epinephrine-induced aggregation, while four had impaired both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation. The platelets of all patients aggregated with arachidonic acid, thus ruling out cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase deficiency. The intracellular concentrations of ATP and ADP were significantly below normal, and the ratio of ATP/ADP was greater than normal in all 12 patients. ATP released from platelets by Lumi-aggregometer was reduced. In four patients with abnormal ristocetin-induced aggregation, vWF:Ag, RCoF, and FVIII:C were all reduced. No significant inactivation of factor VIII was induced in normal plasma by incubation with patient's plasma. The crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed that vWF:Ag in these patients was mainly composed of more anodic component as compared with that of normal plasma. The ratio of vWF:Ag/RCoF was significantly greater than normal. A marked increase of factor VIII and a rapid return of vWF:Ag and RCoF to the baseline after the 1 deamino-8-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) infusion were observed. Transient increase in vWF:Ag after the infusion of DDAVP appeared with less anodic forms and in the same relative proportion as that in normal plasma. The present study shows that in some patients with CML storage pool disease occurs with acquired von Willebrand disease. PMID- 3487974 TI - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with natural killer cell phenotype. AB - To determine the type and proportion of cases within that type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that has a natural killer (NK) cell phenotype, we examined leukemic blasts from 31 children with ALL (14 with T-ALL, 17 with non-T ALL) for expression of antigens detected by NK-specific monoclonal antibodies Leu 11b, Leu 7, and 1G2 (an antibody we have developed that cross-reacts with Leu 7). None of the patients had leukemic blasts that reacted with Leu 11b. However, leukemic blasts from four T-ALL patients were 1G2+ and/or Leu 7+. Blasts from two of these had spontaneous lytic activity against standard NK target cell line K562; blasts from one killed K562 only when incubated with interferon; blasts from the other had no lytic activity against K562 but did manifest antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against antibody-coated cells from NK resistant cell line SB. Blasts from all four Leu 7+ patients had L2 morphology. In one, the leukemic blasts had azurophilic cytoplasmic granules similar to those found in NK-enriched normal populations of large granular lymphocytes. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias may be malignancies of NK cell origin. PMID- 3487977 TI - Composition of cardioplegic solutions used in nine medical centers. AB - Eleven institutions that participated in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) were surveyed to obtain information about the types of cardioplegic solutions used at these institutions. A short-answer questionnaire designed to obtain specific information about the composition and method of preparation of cardioplegic solutions was sent to each institution. Institutions that did not reply within four weeks were sent a second questionnaire. Nine institutions returned completed questionnaires. Four institutions used several different cardioplegic solutions, resulting in a total of 14 evaluable solutions. Six hospitals used a chemical-based cardioplegic solution, one used a blood-based solution, and two used a combination of blood and chemicals as a cardioplegic solution base. Chloride and potassium were found in all 14 solutions, although the amounts varied widely. Dextrose was included in eight of the nine chemical based solutions, and bicarbonate and sodium were each used in seven of the nine solutions. Centers using chemical-based cardioplegic solutions compounded them daily or froze them with a one-week expiration date; blood-based solutions had to be prepared daily. Although interinstitutional differences in dosage were evident, the cardioplegic solutions used in the institutions participating in the CASS had many similar components. Data on the composition of these solutions can be used as a guideline for developing a cardioplegic solution. PMID- 3487976 TI - Cowden disease: gene marker studies and measurements of epidermal growth factor. AB - Cowden disease (CD) is a familial syndrome characterized by tumors of the skin, oral mucosa, breast, thyroid, and intestinal epithelium. Since the syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant, we examined a battery of gene markers in a family with CD to detect linkage between the CD gene and known marker genes. There was no positive evidence for linkage of a CD locus with any of the markers; other investigators can add to our data to confirm and extend these findings. Additionally, we measured epidermal growth factor (EGF) in body fluids from CD patients and controls to determine if elevated EGF levels might be responsible for the widespread epithelial proliferation in CD. EGF levels in saliva, serum, plasma, and urine were similar in CD patients and control subjects. Although alterations in growth factors or their receptors may play a role in CD, excess circulating EGF is not responsible for the manifestations of the syndrome. PMID- 3487978 TI - Intraluminal thrombus and bowel obstruction in acute leukemia due to bleeding Meckel's diverticulum. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum resulted in small bowel obstruction by thrombus in two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia during bone marrow aplasia and recovery from induction chemotherapy. Although gastrointestinal symptoms and complications are common in acute leukemia, these two cases are unique and describe a new syndrome that requires prompt recognition and surgical intervention. The complication of localized bowel obstruction by intraluminal thrombus is heretofore unreported. PMID- 3487979 TI - Familial Burkitt's lymphoma. Association with altered lymphocyte subsets in family members. AB - Two sisters in a white American family died of Burkitt's lymphoma at ages 11 and 22 years, after dramatic but transient responses to chemotherapy. Studies of peripheral blood from two healthy brothers and the mother showed an increased percentage of polyclonal B cells (13 to 28 percent; normal, less than 10 percent), and a decreased helper:suppressor T cell ratio (1.0 to 1.5; normal, 1.5 to 2.5). The mother and one brother also had a low fraction of total circulating T cells (24 to 45 percent; normal, 60 to 75 percent). An inherited disturbance of the lymphocytes in family members may have predisposed the sisters to Burkitt's lymphoma; no environmental carcinogens were identified. PMID- 3487980 TI - Amiodarone therapy and autoimmune thyroid disease. Increase in a new monoclonal antibody-defined T cell subset. AB - T cell subsets in 10 patients receiving amiodarone were evaluated, and their thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies were assessed. A generalized increase in a recently discovered subset of T cells expressing a complex ganglioside antigen reacting with monoclonal antibody 3G5 was found. Two patients, one with hyperthyroidism and the other with euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy, had an additional T cell abnormality--marked increase in Ia-positive T cells (an abnormality typical of patients with spontaneous Graves' disease). In the hyperthyroid patient, the Ia-positive T cells disappeared within three weeks after amiodarone was discontinued. The other patients receiving amiodarone had normal numbers of Ia-positive T cells. These studies indicate that amiodarone alters a major resting T cell subset for almost all patients and is associated with T cells expressing the Ia antigen in selected patients. These T cell abnormalities suggest that amiodarone precipitates organ-specific autoimmunity in susceptible persons. PMID- 3487981 TI - Pasteurella multocida liver abscess. AB - A previously healthy 61-year-old woman was seen with an abnormal chest roentgenogram and a 3-week history of fever, chills, malaise, and right upper quadrant pain. Blood cultures revealed Pasteurella multocida sensitive to penicillin. Liver spleen radioisotope scan and CT scan revealed space occupying lesions in the right lobe of the liver. The patient was a gardener with no pets or animal exposure. This case illustrates P. multocida septicemia and a liver abscess in a patient without animal exposure. In addition, the possibility of soil as another reservoir of infection is raised. PMID- 3487982 TI - Energetics and mechanics of frog skeletal muscle in hypotonic solution. AB - Hypotonic solutions are known to potentiate muscle force production and increase actomyosin ATPase activity in solution. As such, both the rate and amount of ATP hydrolysis should increase during contraction. This was tested indirectly by measuring force and energy liberation in Rana pipiens semitendinosus muscles at 0 degrees C in hypotonic solution. Force and the amount and rate of energy liberation increased. This increase is consistent with the interpretation that the rate of ATP hydrolysis is increased in hypotonic solution. Muscles, stretched to beyond myofilament overlap, liberate a substantial fraction of the energy liberated at maximal myofilament overlap. This energy liberation, the activation heat, is thought to reflect the energy utilized to cycle Ca2+. Hypotonic solution decreased the amplitude and the rate of the activation heat, suggesting that the amount and rate of Ca2+ cycled by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced. Thus in hypotonic solution, force production and the rate of ATP hydrolysis by the cross bridges are potentiated despite an apparent decrease in Ca2+ cycling. PMID- 3487983 TI - Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients. AB - The prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients (N = 277) was significantly higher than among either local or national population-based samples (N = 1,440 and 17,000) (52% versus 30% and 33%). The higher prevalence was not associated with the age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, alcohol use, coffee use, or institutionalization of the psychiatric patients. Smoking was especially prevalent among patients with schizophrenia (88%) or mania (70%) and among the more severely ill patients. Hypotheses about why psychiatric patients are more likely to smoke and why they do not have a high rate of smoking-induced illnesses are presented. PMID- 3487984 TI - The prevalence of bulimia in selected samples. PMID- 3487985 TI - [Experimental model of chronic salpingitis and the histological changes as affected by sinusoidal modulated currents]. PMID- 3487986 TI - [Immunological changes in clinically manifested inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia]. PMID- 3487987 TI - Langerhans cells are target cells in contact hypersensitivity. PMID- 3487988 TI - The role of Langerhans cells in allergic contact dermatitis. PMID- 3487989 TI - [The crocodile tear syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3487990 TI - Sensitivity to propofol in the elderly. AB - Two studies were carried out on 609 fit, unpremedicated patients to assess the influence of patient age on the response to the rapidly-acting hindered phenol, propofol, which is being evaluated for induction of anaesthesia. In the first study, 1.25 mg/kg was injected over 20 seconds followed by 10-mg increments every 15 seconds until loss of verbal contact. This showed a great individual variation in response to the drug. A reduction in the 'induction' dose was found in elderly patients, which became marked around 60 years. In the second (340), doses ranging from 1.5-3.0 mg/kg in patients under 60 years and 1.25-2.25 mg/kg in those over 60 years were injected as a bolus over 20 seconds. Doses of 2.25-2.5 mg/kg were required to induce anaesthesia in patients under 60 years, whilst 1.5-1.75 mg/kg was adequate in those over 60 years. Side effects were more marked with the rapid injection and doses in excess of 1.75 mg/kg caused significant hypotension and apnoea in the elderly. These studies reveal marked sensitivity to propofol in the elderly with respect to both induction dose and acute toxicity. PMID- 3487992 TI - Multiple-phase equilibration headspace analysis for the determination of N2O and N2 during bacterial denitrification. AB - A gas-handling manifold for the preparation, introduction and analysis by gas chromatography (GC) system of the gaseous products of denitrification is described. A procedure of multiple-phase equilibration is adopted which allows the quantitative determination of the total gas present in sample vials. Assumptions of solubility coefficients are not required as these are determined during the analysis. The method is particularly suited to gases of appreciable solubilities as a significant proportion of the gas will be found in the liquid phase. This method was used for the determination of the stoichiometry of denitrification, in washed cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans, namely NO2-:N2 and N2O:N2, which were found to be 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. PMID- 3487991 TI - Determination of basal and stimulated levels of inositol triphosphate in [32P]orthophosphate-labeled platelets. AB - Previous studies indicated that thrombin-stimulation of platelets prelabeled with [3H]inositol or [32P]orthophosphate results in an increase of radioactive inositol triphosphate, a substance thought to modulate the levels of free intracellular calcium. In the present study, we improved the method of resolution of inositol triphosphate from other compounds that are also labeled with [32P]orthophosphate using a combination of enzyme treatment and electrophoresis. We have further demonstrated that the specific activities of metabolic ATP and phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (the precursor of inositol triphosphate) are identical in [32P]orthophosphate-labeled platelets. It follows that the amount of inositol triphosphate is proportional to its radioactivity in the metabolic compartment of the cells. Using this protocol, the concentration of inositol triphosphate in resting and thrombin-stimulated platelets were determined to be 1 4 and 10-30 pmol/10(8) cells, respectively. PMID- 3487993 TI - A semiautomated hemolysis microassay for membrane lytic proteins. AB - A simple, rapid, semiautomated microassay for hemolysis using a microtiter plate spectrophotometric system is described. The assay relies on the differences in light scattering (turbidity) properties of intact and of lysed erythrocytes. Lysis of erythrocyte suspensions in 96-well plates is determined by absorbance at 690 nm. A linear correlation between the percentage of hemolysis and the turbidity decrease is observed, indicating that this assay may be used for both rapid screening and quantitation of the hemolytic activity. This assay allows screening of 300 samples in less than 6 min. Small samples derived from protein fractionation columns (HPLC, for example) can be rapidly screened. This assay has been used in the successful isolation of a cytolytic membrane-lytic protein from the granules of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. PMID- 3487994 TI - Tuberculous aortitis presenting with an aortoduodenal fistula: a case report. AB - An elderly man with tuberculous aortitis presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from an aortoduodenal fistula. Aortic resection was successful, and he has done well over a 12 year period. The organism was recovered from the aorta and also seen on section of the neighboring lymph nodes. Although tuberculous aortitis is rare, it should be considered in a patient with prior history of tuberculosis who has developed evidence of aortic disease, aneurysm, or massive gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3487995 TI - Selective IgA deficiency. AB - Selective IgA deficiency is the most common form of immunodeficiency. Certain select populations, including allergic individuals, patients with autoimmune and gastrointestinal tract disease and patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract illnesses, have an increased incidence of this disorder. These patients have the unique ability to form various antibodies and auto-antibodies including anti-IgA antibodies. Failure of terminal differentiation of the B lymphocyte is the primary defect in IgA deficiency. Treatment should be directed toward the underlying disease associated with this immune disorder. These patients should be advised of the consequences of improperly administered blood or blood products. PMID- 3487996 TI - [A new case of bronchospasm under extracorporeal circulation]. AB - A case of bronchospasm occurring after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass is reported. The complement fractions C3a, C4a and C5a were measured before and right after CPB. Complement activation is not specific to CPB but may occur in any thoracotomy. The statistically significant increase in complement C3a without any pulmonary symptomatology has been reported by several authors. Complement activation cannot therefore be considered as the explanation of this bronchospasm. PMID- 3487997 TI - Traumatic rectal hematoma following anal rape. AB - We describe the case of a 28-year-old male prisoner with a traumatic rectal hematoma caused by anal rape. Barium enema showed a large rectal mass confirmed to be a hematoma by proctoscopic examination. Surgery was performed due to a falling hemoglobin level, and an 800-mL hematoma was evacuated. The patient became febrile following surgery, and computed tomography revealed a pelvic mass consistent with recurrent hematoma or abscess. Repeat surgery showed recurrent hematoma. The patient recovered uneventfully. PMID- 3487998 TI - Characterization of lectin-binding lymphocytes in goats with caseous lymphadenitis. AB - Numbers of lymphoid cells bearing markers for peanut agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, and anti-immunoglobulin G in healthy goats and in goats with caseous lymphadenitis were determined by use of immunofluorescent techniques. Results indicated that, when compared with healthy goats, diseased goats had normal numbers of anti-immunoglobulin G-positive cells (B cells), had significantly reduced numbers of peanut agglutinin-positive cells (T cells), and had fewer cells with receptor sites for Lens culinaris agglutinin and concanavalin A. Compared with healthy goats, numbers of peanut agglutinin-positive cells in goats with caseous lymphadenitis indicated that the goats may have had a compromised cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3487999 TI - Evaluation of a fluorometric method for the quantitative assay of fecal hemoglobin in the dog. AB - Feces from 27 dogs were evaluated to establish baseline fecal hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations when the dogs were fed diets containing varying amounts of Hb. Fecal Hb concentration was measured, using a quantitative fluorometric assay that was based on the conversion of nonfluorescing Hb heme to fluorescing porphyrins. Mean fecal Hb concentration was 0.31 mg/g of feces when the dogs were fed a dry diet low in Hb. This corresponded to a daily fecal blood loss of 0.043 ml/kg of body weight. The fecal Hb concentration was directly related to the dietary Hb concentration. The average recovery of orally ingested blood was 41% in 4 dogs. This fluorometric assay quantitatively detected small amounts of gastrointestinal bleeding over a wide range of fecal Hb concentrations for which feces appeared normal. Results of this study establish dietary conditions necessary for quantitative evaluation of experimental and clinical gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3488001 TI - Spontaneous production of interleukin-2 in the supernatants of cultured cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas. AB - Biopsies of cutaneous sarcoidal lesions were cultured for 24 hr in vitro, and the cell-free supernatants were examined for the presence of T cell growth factor (IL 2). Low levels of IL-2 were detected in these supernatants based on their ability to support the growth of cultured T cells. The apparent molecular mass of the active component in these supernatants, as assessed by exclusion chromatography, was 14,900 daltons. These findings suggest that IL-2 production within these sarcoidal lesions may be partly responsible for their evolution and maintenance. PMID- 3488000 TI - Different expansions of T lymphocyte subpopulations in the lung and corticosteroid-induced changes in patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by increased numbers of T lymphocytes within the alveolar structures and the consequent spontaneous release of a variety of mediators relevant to the pathogenesis of this disorder. This phenomenon is associated with a different expansion of the T cell subpopulations present in the lung. Using monoclonal antibodies specific for T cell subsets with helper functions, we have evaluated the different T lymphocyte subpopulations present in patients with active and inactive pulmonary sarcoidosis. The small fraction of helper T cells recognized by the 5/9 monoclonal antibody appear to be preferentially expanded in the lung of patients with active disease. The functions of the 5/9+ lung T cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis were evaluated by considering the spontaneous release of monocyte chemotactic factor, the help in immunoglobulin production, and the spontaneous production of interleukin-2 by the 5/9+ lung T cells from patients with active disease. These T cell functions appeared to be restricted to the 5/9+ T cell subset. The sensitivity of the 5/9+ lung T cells to corticosteroid treatment in pulmonary sarcoidosis was studied by performing bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with active disease before and after oral prednisone therapy. Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets after 3 months of therapy showed a marked reduction of 5/9+ T cell percentages even though the overall proportion of lavage cells that were T lymphocytes was still elevated. Thus the 5/9 monoclonal antibody may be considered a good marker in gauging the activity of the alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis because it recognizes the T cell subsets responsible for many activities relevant to the pathogenesis of this disorder. In addition, analysis of the proportions of 5/9+ lung T cells may result in a useful means to evaluate the early response to therapy. PMID- 3488002 TI - Flow cytometry assessment of local T cell activation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 3488003 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. PMID- 3488004 TI - Smoking and interstitial lung disease. The effect of cigarette smoking on the incidence of pulmonary histiocytosis X and sarcoidosis. AB - Cigarette smoking produces marked alterations in the lung parenchyma and in the population of immune and inflammatory cells present in the lower respiratory tract. These cigarette-induced changes appear to influence the incidence of two different interstitial lung diseases, histiocytosis X and sarcoidosis. Smoking is a strong risk factor for the development of pulmonary histiocytosis X, since the incidence of smoking is very high among patients with histiocytosis X: 90% of the patients with histiocytosis X were smokers; 46% of the controls were smokers (p less than .001). In contrast, smoking appears to reduce the incidence of sarcoidosis: 31% of the patients with sarcoidosis were smokers (p less than .05 compared to controls). In an effort to understand how cigarette smoking influences the incidence of these two disorders, we compared the numbers and types of immune and inflammatory cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from nonsmoking and smoking controls and patients with histiocytosis X and sarcoidosis. Although nonsmoking patients with histiocytosis X did not have a significant increase in the number of alveolar macrophages recovered by lavage (p greater than .2 compared to normals), smoking patients had an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages similar to that observed in the control population. In contrast, the number of macrophages recovered from patients with sarcoidosis who smoked was considerably less than that observed in normal smokers (p less than .05 comparing patients with sarcoidosis and controls who smoked 1-20 cigarettes/day). This difference in the intensity of the cigarette-induced macrophage alveolitis observed in the two patient groups may be important in explaining the opposite effects of cigarette smoking on the incidence of histiocytosis X and sarcoidosis. PMID- 3488005 TI - Antigen presentation by alveolar macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis. PMID- 3488007 TI - The use of flow cytometry in the diagnosis and biological characterization of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - The detection of aneuploidy and the estimation of the fraction of cells in S in DNA histograms from patients with human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reviewed. Karyotype studies and DNA histograms each have advantages and disadvantages in the detection and monitoring of aneuploidy. The choice of fluorescent stain, staining artifacts, and the criteria for the detection of aneuploidy by FCM must be considered carefully. In general, the B-cell lymphomas are more frequently aneuploid by FCM than the T-cell lymphomas. When determining S fractions in the lymphomas, care must be taken not to exclude the aneuploid cases on methodological grounds; these cases generally have the highest S fractions and their exclusion would bias the data. Multiparameter studies have shown that the most aneuploid component of a mixed clinical sample generally has the highest S fraction in the sample, favoring the concept of clonal selection and clonal evolution of tumors. PMID- 3488006 TI - Interleukin-1 production by blood monocytes and bronchoalveolar cells in sarcoidosis. PMID- 3488008 TI - Effects of temperature on plasmid stability and penicillinase productivity of a transformant of Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 3488009 TI - New separation system for mammalian cells with large-scale centrifugation. PMID- 3488010 TI - Haemorrhage from idiopathic annular ulcers of the small intestine. AB - Annular small bowel ulceration is rare. We report three patients who presented with signs of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. In two patients the main presenting symptom was intermittent abdominal pain while the third patient subsequently developed abdominal pain during the course of investigation. Preoperative localisation of the source of haemorrhage proved difficult in each case. However in all three patients an easily identifiable lesion was found at laparotomy. We believe that laparotomy should be undertaken more readily in the investigation of patients with the combination of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding as these patients are likely to have an anatomically identifiable cause for their symptoms. PMID- 3488011 TI - Technique to quantify mandibular shape. PMID- 3488012 TI - Unique case of post extraction hemorrhage--case report. PMID- 3488013 TI - Cell kinetic and genetic aspects of macrophage activation. PMID- 3488014 TI - Synergistic effects of dicloxacillin or clavulanic acid in combination with penicillin G or cephalothin against Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Cultures of Yersinia enterocolitica grown at 22 degrees C produced beta lactamases, whereas cultures grown at 37 degrees C produced these enzymes much less effectively. Both dicloxacillin and clavulanic acid inhibited the beta lactamase activity of bacterial crude extracts and potentiated the activity of penicillin G or cephalothin against 14 Y. enterocolitica strains. It appeared that the beta-lactamase activity present in Y. enterocolitica cells grown at 37 degrees C was great enough to play a role in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, since combining penicillin G or cephalothin with clavulanic acid or dicloxacillin resulted in synergistic activity against cultures grown at 37 degrees C that was equal to or greater than the activity against cultures grown at 22 degrees C. PMID- 3488015 TI - Expression of methicillin resistance in heterogeneous strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance was studied in a number of clinical isolates and laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains could be divided into three classes, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and thermosensitive heterogeneous methicillin resistant S. aureus, on the basis of their plating efficiencies at 30 or 37 degrees C on methicillin-containing agar plates. Heterogeneous strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus were composed of two subpopulations: a small minority of cells (10(-5) to 10(-3); MIC, 600 to 1,000 micrograms/ml) that expressed resistance to high concentrations of methicillin at 37 degrees C, and a majority of cells (MIC, 5 micrograms/ml) that remained susceptible to the drug at 37 degrees C. Cultures of a thermosensitive heterogeneous strain were able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of methicillin, provided that the growth temperature was 30 degrees C. Such cultures lost their phenotypic resistance within 30 min (i.e., in less than one doubling time) after the growth temperature was shifted to the nonpermissive 37 degrees C. Shift of the temperature of the culture in the reverse direction (37 to 30 degrees C) resulted in an equally rapid expression of phenotypic resistance. The majority of the cells in such heterogeneous strains may be considered heat (or salt) conditional in their phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance. Both heterogeneous and thermosensitive heterogeneous strains, irrespective of their temperature of cultivation and degree of phenotypic resistance, contained detectable quantities of the 78-kilodalton penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP 2a) that previous studies have suggested is a biochemical correlate of methicillin resistance in homogeneous strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, in contrast to the homogeneous stains, in heterogeneous and thermosensitive heterogeneous isolates the ability to synthesize PBP 2a is apparently not sufficient to provide a resistant phenotype. In these strains some additional, as yet undefined factor(s) is also needed for the expression of methicillin resistance. PMID- 3488016 TI - A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate acyclovir and BW B759U in human plasma and urine. AB - A simple and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and quantitation of acyclovir in human plasma and urine was developed. Acyclovir immobilized on a solid phase and free acyclovir in the sample solution were allowed to compete for a limited amount of anti-acyclovir monoclonal antibody. The specific antibody bound to the immobilized acyclovir was detected by the use of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The resulting enzyme activity was inversely related to acyclovir concentration in the sample. The Hill plot of standard acyclovir concentrations was linear over a 100-fold concentration range, with a lower detection limit of 0.2 nM and a concentration of soluble ligand displacing 50% of available antibody of approximately 1 nM. The metabolites of acyclovir cross-reacted minimally, and there was no detectable interference by various unrelated compounds tested in the assay. However, BW B759U [9-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethylethoxy)methylguanine], a congener of acyclovir, cross-reacted significantly. As a consequence, the assay was found useful in measuring the concentrations of BW B759U in clinical samples devoid of acyclovir. PMID- 3488017 TI - Antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of foramidocillin. AB - Foramidocillin is a 6-alpha-formamido penicillin with a 6-beta-acylureido side chain. The majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram of foramidocillin per ml, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by 4 micrograms/ml. Foramidocillin had activity comparable to those of ceftazidime, imipenem, and aztreonam against beta-lactamase-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa, and it inhibited organisms resistant to piperacillin. Foramidocillin did not inhibit gram-positive species or anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. Foramidocillin was not hydrolyzed by the common plasmid mediated beta-lactamases TEM-1, TEM-2, OXA-2, PSE-4, and SHV-1, by the chromosomal beta-lactamases P99 of Enterobacter cloacae and K1 of Klebsiella oxytoca, or by the Sabath-Abraham enzyme of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3488018 TI - Transfer of beta-lactamase-associated cefoxitin resistance in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - A cefoxitin-resistant Bacteroides fragilis isolate, TAL 4170, which inactivates cefoxitin, was able to transfer beta-lactamase-mediated cefoxitin resistance to a susceptible B. fragilis recipient. Cefoxitin-resistant transconjugants acquired a new beta-lactamase with a pI of 8.1 and were able to inactivate cefoxitin and retransfer cefoxitin resistance. No plasmids were detected in the donor or transconjugants. PMID- 3488019 TI - In vitro activity of the new macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (RU 28965) against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The in vitro activity of the new macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (RU 28965) was compared with the activities of five other orally absorbable antimicrobial agents against 100 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. Roxithromycin MICs were generally twofold to fourfold higher than those of erythromycin; the MIC for 90% of the strains for roxithromycin was 8 micrograms/ml. PMID- 3488020 TI - Biochemical properties of beta-lactamase produced by Legionella gormanii. AB - beta-Lactamase was purified from a strain of Legionella gormanii. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 25,000, and its isoelectric point was 10.5. The enzyme hydrolyzed oxyiminocephalosporins, cephamycins, penicillins, and imipenem. The enzyme activity was inhibited by EDTA, Hg2+, and Cu2+, but not by clavulanic acid, sulbactam, or imipenem. PMID- 3488021 TI - Comparative activities of LY 164846 and other orally administered beta-lactam antibiotics against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - LY 164846, a new oral cephalosporin, demonstrated very good inhibitory and bactericidal activities against Haemophilus influenzae irrespective of the production of beta-lactamase by the test strains. However, its activity was not markedly superior to that of either Augmentin (amoxicillin plus clavulanate) or cefaclor. PMID- 3488022 TI - In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of 16 independent, geographically distinct clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to trimethoprim (TMP) in combination with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were evaluated. Although methicillin resistant S. aureus strains appear to be universally resistant to SMX, the combination TMP-SMX was found to be synergistic in vitro (in combination, the MICs of both drugs decreased 6- to 25-fold) as well as in vivo (5- to 6-fold reduction in TMP at 50% effective doses). PMID- 3488023 TI - [Development of cancer immunotherapy by a combination of biological response modifiers on the basis of their mechanism of action]. AB - The enhancement of antitumor effects by combination of biological response modifiers (BRM) was investigated on the basis of their action mechanisms. Experimentally, significant inhibition of tumor growth by combination treatment with BRM, which eliminated immune suppressive mechanisms and in turn enhanced immune responses, was observed. Furthermore, inhibition of tumor growth was observed under conditions of uniform biorhythm in mice and the effect of modification of biorhythm was enhanced by combination with BRM. Clinically, combination treatment of plasma exchange and LAK-cell adoptive immunotherapy was discussed. PMID- 3488024 TI - [Effective mechanisms of BRM, with special reference to induction of autologous tumor cell-killing (ATK) activity by OK-432]. AB - OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, is known to have strong BRM functions and is expected to produce clinical improvement and prolongation of survival in treated cancer patients. In order to clarify the immunopharmacological mechanisms involved with its clinical effectiveness, intrapleural injection of OK-432 was attempted in patients with malignant pleural effusion due to metastasis from lung cancer. About 70-80% of patients thus treated showed clinical improvements with reduction or disappearance of effusion and effusion tumor cells within a week after the therapy. The clinical response was accompanied by an abrogation or reduction of suppressor macrophages and a stimulatory increase of effective cytotoxic cells resulting in an increase of NK and ATK activity. These in vivo effects observed in the OK-432-treated patients were reproducible in vitro by incubating normal or effusion lymphocytes with tumor-associated macrophages. OK 432 was also shown to reduce the locomotor inhibitory activity of macrophages toward LGL, and to augment the production of various sorts of cytokines, such as IL-1 and MCF by macrophages and IL-2 and NKCF by lymphocytes, all of them being exerted upon activation of the anti-tumor immunological mechanism. PMID- 3488025 TI - [The influence of a biological response modifier on thoracic lymphocytes--a study involving clinical cases and animal experiments]. AB - The influence of a biological response modifier on thoracic lymphocytes was studied clinically and experimentally. The thoracic lymphocytes and peripheral blood were taken from nine cases of gastric cancer relapse before and after the administration of hemolytic streptococci, OK-432 (PIC), for immunological examination. T: B cell ratio, T cell ratio and ADCC activity of the thoracic lymphocytes and peripheral blood were not changed but the NK activities of both were increased. The juvenilization of lymphocytes was reduced but that of the peripheral blood was not changed. The number and the ratio of T cells in the thoracic lymphocytes of Wistar rats were considerably increased by the administration of PIC but they were reduced in the peripheral blood. T-cell subsets of thoracic lymphocytes and peripheral blood were hardly changed by the administration of PIC. In the case immunological treatment, the thoracic lymphocytes and blood lymphocytes should be monitored because their biological specificities are different. PMID- 3488026 TI - [Strategy of cancer treatment using human recombinant interleukin 2 and lymphokine activated killer cells]. AB - There are two strategies for evaluating the antitumor effect of IL-2. In the first approach IL-2 has been used to support the proliferation of T-effector cells or LAK cells in vitro in the hope that large quantities of these effector cells can be used therapeutically. This approach has shown some efficacy in animal models if LAK cells are administered in combination with IL-2. However, it is extremely difficult to standardize the numbers of lymphocytes and the biological activity of effector cells for clinical use. Recently the cloning of IL-2 has made available large quantities of purified recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) for preclinical and clinical trials. Accordingly there have been recent attempts at injecting rIL-2 directly to stimulate effector cells in vivo. In this study, in vivo and in vitro augmentation of the cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes against syngeneic B-16 melanoma cells (induction of LAK cells) and the suppression of artificial pulmonary and liver metastases of B-16 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice was tried by subcutaneous multiple injections of high-dose human rIL-2. In addition, the immunosuppressive effect of a water-soluble nitrosourea derivative (ACNU) was determined in terms of the cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes, and the restoring effect of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and/or human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) on the cytotoxicities of spleen lymphocytes were examined in ACNU-treated C57 BL/6 mice. It was also tested whether the administration of LAK cells and/or rIL-2 could reduce the increased numbers of pulmonary metastases in ACNU-treated mice. The cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 cells as well as against syngeneic B-16 and F-10 melanoma cells was augmented not only by incubation of spleen lymphocytes with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in vitro but also by injecting high-dose rIL-2 into C57BL/6 mice for more than 3 consecutive days. In animals injected with multiple high doses of rIL-2 subcutaneously, the numbers of tumor nodules in the lung were significantly decreased 21 days after intravenous tumor inoculation. In addition, in these groups of animals no liver metastases were observed although liver metastases were detected in 6/11 of control mice. The maximum effective dose of ACNU suppressed the cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes and pretreatment with ACNU enhanced the induction of artificial pulmonary metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3488028 TI - [Studies on adoptive immunotherapy using recombinant interleukin 2]. AB - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells derived from normal subjects were examined as to the following points: 1) monoclonal analysis of LAK, 2) cytotoxic ability of LAK, 3) effect on LAK cytotoxic ability of the presence in the medium of either serum obtained from gastric cancer patients or nonspecific immunosuppressive factors (ferritin, IAP, AFP), 4) effect, on induction of their cytotoxicity, of the presence in the medium during culture of sera from gastric cancer patients, simulating the conditions of in vivo administration and 5) augmentation of cytotoxic ability of LAK by simultaneous IL2 administration. The following results were obtained. 1) Monoclonal marker analysis of LAK revealed that the ratios of OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8+ and OKIa1+ lymphocytes were all significantly higher than those in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). 2) Cytotoxic ability of LAK against various tumor cell lines (MKN-28, MKN-45, KATOIII, PC-10 and K562) was found to be higher than that of PBL. 3) Addition to medium of ferritin, IAP or AFP significantly reduced the cytotoxic ability of both PBL and LAK against various tumor cell lines. However, the degree of reduction was significantly milder in the case of LAK than in PBL. 4) The cytotoxicity-suppressing effects of gastric cancer sera (untreated, at stages III and IV) were significantly milder in the case of LAK than in PBL. 5) When gastric cancer serum was added to medium, instead of normal AB serum during induction of LAK, its cytotoxic ability against various tumor cell lines was significantly reduced. Its cytotoxic ability was nevertheless significantly higher than that of PBL. 6) When IL2 was added to medium during cytotoxicity assay, cytotoxic ability of LAK was augmented. When LAK was cultured for 1 hour before assay in fresh medium containing 1,000 U/ml IL2, its cytotoxic ability was further augmented. PMID- 3488027 TI - [Effect of combined immunotherapy using two different BRMs; OK-432 and IL-2 cultured lymphocytes]. AB - We have developed an adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) system using syngeneic tumor bearer-spleen cells cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble tumor extract. The therapeutic effect of the AIT was significantly augmented by in vivo local preadministration of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432. The previous report demonstrated a mechanism in which OK-432 augments the effect of AIT. That is, OK 432 induces IL-2 in vivo and prolongs the in vivo life span of cultured, IL-2 dependent lymphocytes (CL). This paper describes another mechanism, that is, the synergism between CL and OK-432-induced host lymphocytes. Fresh spleen cells (FSC) obtained from mice in complete remission after chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/kg) showed a clear synergistic anti-tumor effect on CL, when both were injected i.p. into MOPC104E-bearing BALB/c mice which had been inoculated i.p. with 1 X 10(5) tumor cells 5 days previously. The effect was greatest when the FSC: CL ratio was 4:1, whereas the administration of either FSC or CL alone had little effect. The effector population of CL that exhibited synergism on FSC was Lyt 2+, cytotoxic T cells. FSC and CL both needed a tumor specific combination. In addition, OK-432-induced tumor-infiltrating, intraperitoneal lymphocytes had a similar synergistic effect on CL as assessed by the transplantability of intraperitoneal cells. Probably because of this mechanism, OK-432 showed a much higher augmenting effect on AIT using CL than in vivo administration of IL-2. This therapy system using OK-432 and CL is a proper model which, through combined use of different, correlated BRMs, may bring a great effect whereas the effect of single BRM is weak. PMID- 3488029 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer]. AB - Colorectal cancer is one of the most resistant tumors to chemotherapy. The efficacy of many kinds of anti-tumor drugs to the patients with colorectal cancer had been investigated, however most of the drugs was not effective or showed low response rates. As a few effective anti-tumor drug, 5-FU and its derivatives, nitrosoureas and mitomycin C were indicated. Response rates of combinations of these drugs were 20-30%. Methotrexate-5-FU with leucovorin therapy at proper administration intervals showed relatively high response rate to the patients. Effects of intra-arterial infusion of the drugs which often performed to the liver metastases were not so well as expected. Developments of new anti-tumor agents were essential. PMID- 3488030 TI - [Induction of a cytotoxic factor into the peritoneal fluid (PCF) by OK-432. II. Physicochemical and immunological characteristics of PCF]. AB - A cytotoxic factor (PCF = peritoneal cytotoxic factor) was strongly induced by the injection of LPS into the peritoneal fluids of mice which had been previously primed with OK-432. The similarity in biological activity of PCF, TNF and lymphotoxin led us to study the relationships among the three. When incubated with LPS, the macrophages from the mice primed with OK-432 induced PCF, whereas the lymphocytes did not. These results indicate that PCF is different from lymphotoxin. PCF appears to be identical to Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in the serum for the following reasons: The two factors are similar in their modes of cytotoxic action in vitro. Both factors have a tumor-necrotizing effect when injected into tumor-bearing mice. Both are produced from macrophages. They are similar in their physicochemical characteristics. The cytotoxic activity of PCF was totally abolished by anti-TNF serum. PMID- 3488031 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intrathecal administration of recombinant interleukin 2]. AB - In order to contribute to the development of adoptive immunotherapy against malignant brain tumors, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intrathecally administered recombinant interleukin-2 in dogs and human patients were analyzed. The pharmacokinetics showed that a high concentration of IL-2 was maintained in the intrathecal cavity in both dogs and human (t1/2 = 1.41 and 1.68 hours, respectively) after administration. However, no activity of IL-2 was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid after the systemic administration of rIL-2 in one dog. No meningitis, ventriculitis or degeneration of neurons was seen histopathologically in dogs 3 weeks after the intrathecal administration of rIL-2 (200 units). A high concentration of IL-2 in the tumor cavity was maintained for a very long time (t1/2 = 14.8 hours) after the intratumoral administration of rIL-2 in one of the patients. Although low-grade fever and mild headache were sometimes observed after the intrathecal administration of rIL-2 in patients, there was no other side effect mentioned. Intrathecal or intratumoral administration of rIL-2 appeared to be an valuable procedure which should be evaluated in conjunction with adoptive immunotherapy against malignant brain tumors. PMID- 3488032 TI - Finger clubbing in cystic fibrosis. AB - Finger clubbing was measured in 73 of 105 patients with cystic fibrosis undergoing full assessment. The sign correlated well with the chest x ray score and indices of pulmonary function and infection but not with weight, height, age, liver function, or degree of fat malabsorption. The presence of clubbing suggests appreciable pulmonary involvement. Most probably its progression indicates a deterioration in pulmonary state. In both instances increased efforts should be made to treat the infection. PMID- 3488033 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in interstitial pathology]. PMID- 3488034 TI - alpha 1 Antitrypsin (PI) allotypes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - alpha 1 Antitrypsin (PI) phenotypes were defined in 144 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 223 normal controls. The frequencies of the rare F, S, and Z variants were similar in RA and control groups. No relationships were found between PI allotypes and rheumatoid disease severity or autoantibody titre. The PI M1M2 phenotype was increased in frequency in the RA group, and phenotype frequencies in DR4 positive and negative disease were similar. These results support the suggestion that genes on the 14th chromosome which are linked to PI predispose to RA. PMID- 3488035 TI - Genetic susceptibility to early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis: a study of HLA and complement markers in 158 British patients. AB - To investigate the genetics of susceptibility to early onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), 158 unrelated ethnic British patients with a mean disease onset of 3.2 years, together with controls, were tested for HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. Additionally, 117 patients were also investigated for complement Bf and C4 markers. New observations included an increased frequency of the C4B 2 allotype (p corrected (pc) less than 0.02) and C4A 4,B 2 phenotype (p less than 0.0005). Findings suggested a unique increase of the haplotype HLA DRw8, Bf*S, C4A*4, C4B*2, HLA-B39, possibly predisposing to more severe disease. Strong positive associations were confirmed with HLA antigens A2 (pc = 2.5 X 10( 8)), DRw8 (pc = 3.5 X 10(-14)), DR5 (pc less than 0.02), DRw52 (pc = 2.8 X 10( 6)) and DR5, w8 phenotype (pc = 3.9 X 10(-6)), and negative associations with DR7 (pc = 5.8 X 10(-7)), DR4 (pc less than 0.002), and DRw53 (pc = 0.004). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) seropositivity correlated with DR5 (p less than 0.02), and in children with chronic iridocyclitis (CIR) Bw62 incidence was raised (p less than 0.03) and B44 reduced (p less than 0.03). HLA-A2 was found in 88% of ANA+, CIR+ patients (p less than 0.01). A significant excess of DR5, w8 heterozygotes was present (relative risk = 41.1) and a lack of corresponding homozygotes. Results are inconsistent with a recessive, dominant, or intermediate mode of inheritance of susceptibility, and favour the existence of at least two DR linked 'disease' genes. Moreover, there may be an interaction in heterozygotes of combinatorial factors associated with DR5 and DRw8 in enhancing susceptibility. Possible immunogenetic mechanisms underlying the observed associations with three antigen classes are discussed. Evidence here suggests a role for the HLA-DQ locus in determining susceptibility to this disease. PMID- 3488036 TI - A study of anti-poly (ADP-ribose) antibodies and an anti-DNA antibody idiotype and other immunological abnormalities in lupus family members. AB - The genetic background of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reexamined in a study of the serum of 31 lupus patients and 80 asymptomatic first degree relatives by measuring a common, cross reacting anti-DNA antibody idiotype designated 134, antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose), serum C3, circulating immune complexes, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Over 30% of the relatives had raised 134 and anti-poly(ADP-ribose) levels, and 9% had ANA titres greater than 1/20. In contrast, only one relative had a low serum C3 level. These results confirm that immunogenetic abnormalities associated with the production of autoantibodies and particular idiotypes must exist amongst lupus relatives as well as the patients. The production of autoantibodies, however, is not necessarily matched to the clinical expression of SLE. PMID- 3488038 TI - Further observations upon HLA-B27, Yersinia enterocolitica, and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3488037 TI - Rheumatic manifestations of brucellosis. PMID- 3488039 TI - Echinococcus granulosus: changes in the transformational behaviour of murine lymph node cells during early infection. AB - Subcutaneous inoculation of living Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices (PSC) caused blastic transformation in local lymph node cells (LNC). The effect was maximal seven days post-infection (p.i.), had declined by day 21, and was prevented by killing the PSC prior to inoculation. LNC from inoculated mice also showed marked enhancement of blastogenesis in response to a secondary stimulation by live PSC in vitro. This secondary reaction occurred after exposure to living or killed PSC. There was generally enhanced reactivity to T- and B-cell mitogens at day 7. Phytohaemagglutinin was exceptional in that the killed parasite caused early changes in reactivity as above, but the live parasite induced a rise at 56 days p.i. It is concluded that E. granulosus may cause a determinate change in T cell function. PMID- 3488040 TI - Quality control for cardiac surgery in the Veterans Administration. AB - The volume of cardiac surgical procedures and the 30-day mortality associated with them were reviewed for the total experience of 72 Veterans Administration medical centers over a 10-year period (1975 to 1984). The total number of cardiopulmonary bypass operations increased from 3,074 in 1975 to 6,455 in 1984, whereas operative mortality declined from 8.3 to 4.7%. Operative mortality associated with isolated valve replacement operations declined from 10.9 to 5.9%. Aortocoronary vein bypass operations, which increased in number from 1,679 to 4,988 over the 10-year period, were associated with an operative mortality of 4.7% in 1975 and 3.6% in 1984. The extent of the patient's disease accounted for most of the operative mortality, but problems related to the adequacy of myocardial protection and the surgical technique were also important factors. These data were compared with similar comprehensive statistics compiled by the New York State Department of Health over a five-year period (1979-1983). Operative mortality rates were quite similar for aortocoronary bypass procedures, mitral valve replacements, and total cardiac operations. However, operative mortality for aortic valve procedures was higher among the Veterans Administration hospitals. In the future, if operative risk factors are clearly defined, a more meaningful comparison of operative mortality among ongoing reviews, such as those being carried out by the Veterans Administration and by New York State, could be used to establish standards of performance for cardiac surgery. PMID- 3488041 TI - Cryopreserved homologous saphenous vein: early and late patency in coronary artery bypass surgical procedures. AB - Autologous saphenous vein has proved to be a satisfactory conduit for use in coronary artery bypass grafting. Unfortunately, it is not always available, and substitute material must sometimes be used. When satisfactory autologous veins were not available and the internal mammary arteries were unsuitable, cryopreserved homologous saphenous veins were used in 28 patients. A total of 76 grafts were constructed. Cryopreserved homologous veins were used for 61 grafts, autologous saphenous veins for 11 grafts, and the internal mammary artery for 2 grafts. Coronary angiography was performed 8 to 12 days postoperatively in 16 patients. Of the 31 homografts studied, 8 were occluded (26%), 3 were stenotic (9%), and 20 were normal (65%). The one internal mammary artery and six autologous veins studied were all patent. Six patients underwent late catheterization 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Thirteen homografts were studied at late catheterization: 11 were occluded, 1 was severely stenotic, and 1 was mildly stenotic. At late catheterization, the one internal mammary artery studied was patent, and the one autologous saphenous vein was 95% occluded. Results of both early and late catheterization performed on 18 patients demonstrated that of the 35 homografts studied, 17 (49%) were occluded, 3 (9%) had greater than 70% stenosis, 1 (3%) had mild disease, and 14 (40%) were free of disease. One year follow-up data obtained on 26 patients revealed that 4 patients (15%) died of cardiac causes, 2 patients (8%) died of noncardiac causes, 11 patients (42%) have recurrent angina, and 9 (35%) are asymptomatic. It is concluded that use of cryopreserved homologous saphenous veins for coronary artery bypass grafting should be avoided if at all possible. PMID- 3488042 TI - Is milking and stripping chest tubes really necessary? AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if chest tubes that are not milked or stripped occlude more frequently than milked or stripped tubes, and if the amount of drainage varies according to the treatment of the tubes. Following coronary artery bypass graft procedures, 49 male subjects had their chest tubes milked every 2 hours, had them stripped every 2 hours, or served as controls (i.e., their tubes were neither milked nor stripped). An analysis of variance was applied to the results. There was no significant difference in total drainage volume, hourly zero drainage, heart rate, or occurrence of arrhythmias among the three groups of subjects. Four to 16 hours postoperatively, a significantly higher volume of drainage occurred in the subjects whose chest tubes had been stripped. Stripping is particularly discouraged during this interval. The chest tubes remained patent with or without milking or stripping. We conclude that neither milking nor stripping is necessary for the proper care of chest tubes. We recommend that tubes be positioned such that they promote continuous drainage. PMID- 3488043 TI - An improved technique for long saphenous vein harvesting for coronary revascularization. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to assess the functional quality of long saphenous vein for coronary revascularization when it has been harvested by means of multiple small incisions and use of the Mayo "stripper." This avoids a "long cut" and the major wound problems commonly associated with it. Between January, 1979, and July, 1984, 2,439 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft with long saphenous vein harvested by this technique. No major wound problems occurred, and minor wound problems were seen in only 23 patients (0.9%). Vein quality was assessed by histological studies of veins, postoperative graft angiography, and exercise testing. Both light electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the vein was of good quality and that the intima had been preserved. Postoperative graft angiography and exercise testing confirmed high patency rates for the vein grafts (93%). Vein harvesting with this technique is easy, gives good quality vein, both morphologically and functionally, for grafting, is associated with a minimum of wound problems, and has cosmetically superior results. PMID- 3488044 TI - Elevation of anti-DNA antibody titer during thyrotoxic phase of silent thyroiditis. AB - The elevation of anti-DNA antibody titers was observed in two cases of silent thyroiditis; the levels reverted to normal as thyrotoxicosis improved. Biopsy specimens of the thyroid gland revealed chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The elevation of anti-DNA antibody titers during the thyrotoxic phase of silent thyroiditis, to our knowledge, has not been reported. In one case, antinuclear antibody testing was also positive during the thyrotoxic phase and became negative in the euthyroid state. These observations provide further support for autoimmunity in silent thyroiditis. PMID- 3488045 TI - Erythromycin-oral anticoagulants interaction. PMID- 3488046 TI - Correction and amplification: cortisol response to 5-HTP. PMID- 3488047 TI - [Tumor biochemistry as basis for advances in tumor chemotherapy]. AB - Oncogenes, onc-gene products and the concept of autonomous self-stimulation of tumor growth by autocrine production of growth factors are discussed with regard to the development of new antitumor agents. The significance of the plasma membrane as an attractive target in tumor chemotherapy is emphasized. Membrane bound enzymes and related reactions which are involved in growth factor dependent regulation of cell proliferation offer new targets for antitumor chemotherapy. Examples demonstrating the antiproliferative effects of phospholipase-C and calmodulin inhibitors are presented. A synergistic effect of these drugs with alkylating agents is observed. Studies devoted to the improvement of alkylating antitumor agents have also led to the plasma-membrane as a particularly suited target. The same may be true for other antitumor agents like anthracyclines and platinum complexes for which evidence exists implicating the involvement of cellular membranes in the mechanism of cytotoxic action. PMID- 3488048 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with Acanthamoeba infection and other opportunistic organisms. AB - A 29-year-old Haitian man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. A computed tomogram of the head showed thickened nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. A biopsy specimen of the turbinate disclosed inflammatory tissue containing amoebic trophozoites. The patient was empirically treated with rifampin and ketoconazole. He died four months after biopsy of other complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At autopsy, the amoebic infection was found only in the paranasal sinuses, a calf nodule, and in an intradermal abscess in the left leg. Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium-cellulare in the liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, cytomegalovirus infection of the adrenal glands, and Kaposi's sarcoma in the spleen were additionally present. The organism was cultured and studied by electron microscopy, dark-field microscopy, and immunofluorescence. PMID- 3488049 TI - Pharmacological studies of two novel polycyclic derivatives of ephedrine. PMID- 3488050 TI - Posttraumatic complications and inflammatory mediators. AB - In a series of 71 patients with trauma, we measured weekly the blood levels of a number of complement proteins and activation products. We also measured the following: leukocytes, platelets, granulocyte enzyme elastase, alpha 1 antitrypsin, total protein, albumin, haptoglobin, and fibronectin. The intensity of complement activation and the blood levels of elastase correlated with the following factors: injury severity (especially the severity of limb injury), development of adult respiratory distress syndrome, development and severity of multiple organ failure, and probability of a fatal outcome. The plasma elastase level seemed to be the best predictor of adult respiratory distress syndrome and the best correlate of injury severity and multiple organ failure severity. Our findings support the hypothesis that posttraumatic activation of the complement system leads to activation of granulocytes, followed by microvascular injury and finally by organ failure. PMID- 3488051 TI - Brain morphometry in autistic men as measured by volumetric computed tomography. AB - Brains of 12 physically healthy men, aged 18 to 39 years, with clear childhood diagnoses of infantile autism, and those of 16 healthy age- and sex-matched normal controls, were examined with computed transverse axial tomography. No significant group differences were seen in volumes of cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, gray matter, the third ventricle, the lateral ventricles, the caudate nuclei, lenticular nuclei, or the thalami, or in the relative symmetry of these structures. These results suggest that the cerebral defect in autism is functional or microscopic, without major gross anatomic correlate. PMID- 3488052 TI - Quantification of intracerebral steal in patients with arteriovenous malformation. AB - Eleven patients with angiographically and/or pathologically proved arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were studied using dynamic, single-photon-emission computed tomography (DSPECT). Quantification of regional cerebral blood flow in structurally normal areas remote from the AVM disclosed areas of decreased flow compared with normal controls in eight of 11 patients examined. Areas of hypoperfusion correlated with altered function as manifested by epileptogenic foci and impaired cognitive function. Dynamic, single-photon-emission computed tomography provides a noninvasive technique to monitor quantitatively hemodynamic changes associated with AVMs. Our findings suggest that such changes are present in the majority of patients with AVMs and that they may be clinically significant. The potential application of regional cerebral blood flow imaging by DSPECT in the management of patients with AVMs is discussed. PMID- 3488053 TI - Congenital stationary night blindness with negative electroretinogram. A new classification. AB - An analysis of 64 patients with congenital stationary night blindness showed that all had essentially normal fundi. Electroretinography (ERG) showed a normal a wave with extremely reduced b wave (negative type) when recorded with a single bright white stimulus in the dark. We classified these patients into two groups based on the evaluation of rod ERG and/or psychophysical dark adaptation measured with an 11 degree test target at 15 degrees in the upper part of the retina. One group (35 patients) lacked rod function (complete type). Nine patients could not be classified. No pedigree showed a complete and incomplete type in one family. Differences between the two groups in refractive error, photopic function, and oscillatory potentials in the ERG suggest a different pathogenesis. Our analysis may provide a new classification of congenital stationary night blindness with a negative ERG. PMID- 3488054 TI - Biological and dietary correlates of plasma lipids and lipoproteins among elderly Japanese men in Hawaii. AB - The relationships of plasma total cholesterol (total-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) to a variety of personal attributes were investigated cross sectionally in a random sample of approximately 1360 elderly Japanese men, aged 60-81 years, in Hawaii. In multivariate analyses, total-C was positively related to hematocrit (p less than 0.01); LDL-C was positively related to hematocrit (p less than 0.0001), and inversely related to alcohol consumption (p less than 0.0001); HDL-C was positively related to alcohol consumption (p less than 0.0001) and physical activity index (p less than 0.05), and inversely related to body mass index (p less than 0.0001) and antihypertensive medication (p less than 0.05); and LogTG was positively related to body mass index (p less than 0.0001), alcohol consumption (p less than 0.0001), antihypertensive medication (p less than 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.01), and inversely related to physical activity index (p less than 0.01). Body mass index and alcohol consumption were the most important correlates of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Several dietary variables were significantly related to each lipid or lipoprotein fraction after controlling for nondietary variables, but their independent contributions were generally quite modest. PMID- 3488055 TI - An assessment of the roles of positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 3488056 TI - Right-sided diverticular disease of the colon: a morphological analysis of 16 cases. AB - Right-sided diverticular disease is uncommon and represents a heterogeneous group of cases with varying clinical presentation often confused with other disorders. Based on number, size, distribution and histological appearance of the diverticula, four distinct groups were identified, each with a distinct clinical presentation. Six patients had solitary false diverticula mimicking acute appendicitis and at operation were found to have inflamed caecal masses. Five patients had diverticula formed on the basis of defects in the muscularis propria. The mean age of these patients was 30 years older than the previous group and all of them presented with rectal haemorrhage, often confused with angiodysplasia clinically. At laparotomy the external appearance of the bowel was unremarkable. Three patients had diverticular disease similar to that seen in the left side of colon. Two patients had true congenital caecal diverticula confirming that the minority of caecal diverticula conforms to this group. PMID- 3488057 TI - The radiological features of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (D.I.S.H.). PMID- 3488058 TI - Isolation and analysis of a cDNA coding for human C1 inhibitor. AB - A cDNA coding for C1 inhibitor was isolated from a human liver lambda gt11 expression library and sequenced by the dideoxy method. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA indicated that the insert was a partial clone coding for 310 amino acids including the reactive site present at the carboxyl end of the molecule. The reactive site corresponds to that previously reported by Salvesen et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2432, 1985). The cDNA also contained a stop codon of TGA, 264 nucleotides at the 3' noncoding region, and a polyadenylation signal sequence of AATAAA 15 nucleotides upstream from the poly(A) tail. The amino acid sequence flanking the reactive site of the inhibitor is homologous to other members of the superfamily of plasma serine protease inhibitors. PMID- 3488059 TI - Rapid increases in inositol trisphosphate and intracellular Ca++ after heat shock. AB - Heat shock (45 degrees C) caused a rapid (less than 1 min) release of inositol trisphosphate from the membranes of HA-1 CHO fibroblasts. The rise in inositol trisphosphate concentration was followed by an increase in intracellular free Ca++. In addition to the heat induced rise in intracellular free Ca++, we observed an increase in 45Ca++ influx following nonlethal heat shock (45 degrees C/10 min). The heat-induced increase in 45Ca++ influx was linearly related to membrane accumulation of phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositide metabolite that may be involved in Ca++ gating. These results suggest that the membrane may be the proximal target of heat shock; stimulation of rapid breakdown of polyphosphoinositides and subsequent increases in intracellular free Ca++ may provide a mechanistic insight into the pleiotropic effects of heat. In addition, the large increases in Ca++ influx could initiate a Ca++ dependent mechanism of thermal cell killing. PMID- 3488060 TI - Cofactor activity of dihydroflavin mononucleotide and tetrahydrobiopterin for murine epididymal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. AB - Dihydroflavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) serve as cofactors for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase isolated from mouse epididymis. The optimal pH was between 7 and 8, and FMNH2-dependent activity was 4 to 5-fold higher than activity with methylene blue as the electron donor. Using FMNH2 with a FMN reductase system, the enzyme exhibited higher efficiency and specificity for L-Trp (an apparent Km of 1 X 10(-5)M and an apparent Vmax of 182 nmol/min/mg of protein). The apparent Km and Vmax for D-Trp were 6.2 X 10(-5)M and 31 nmole/min/mg, respectively. Consequently, these observations appear to present the first evidence for a flavin-dependent mammalian dioxygenase. PMID- 3488062 TI - Establishment and characterization of B cell lines from individuals with various types of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies. AB - Patients with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis are either completely or partially deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activities. Patients with partial enzyme deficiencies, all of whom have been found among Japanese, are homozygotes having a unique mutant adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (APRT*J) in double dose (Japanese type deficiency). We have established B-cell lines from heterozygotes and homozygotes of complete and Japanese type adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies as well as normal individuals. Characterization of the cell lines indicated that all homozygous cells were deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase function while all heterozygous and normal cells had functional adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. PMID- 3488061 TI - Direct stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture. AB - Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in concentration as low as 10 ng/ml significantly increased basal testosterone formation and 100 ng/ml of IGF-I increased testosterone production more than two fold in primary cultures of purified mature Leydig cells. IGF-I also markedly potentiated hCG-induced testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, IGF-I enhanced 8 bromo cyclic AMP induced steroidogenesis and hCG-stimulated cyclic AMP formation. The binding of 125I-IGF-I to purified Leydig cells was linear with a binding affinity of 0.56 +/- 0.07 X 10(9) M-1 and a capacity of 167 +/- 10.2 fmol/mg protein. Insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity were less potent than IGF-I in competing the binding of 125I-IGF-I to purified Leydig cells. This suggests that Leydig cells contain specific type I IGF receptor and IGF-I could modulate Leydig cell steroidogenesis. PMID- 3488063 TI - Stabilization of androgen receptor by nonandrogenic steroids. AB - Binding of androgens including 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone and androstenedione stabilized the androgen receptor from rat submandibular gland with respect to its [3H]methyltrienolone binding activity. Nonandrogenic steroids, 0.5 microM of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta, or 5 microM of triamcinolone acetonide also satisfactorily stabilized the androgen receptor. These results suggest that the association of ligands, even if those ligands were not stereospecific for the androgen receptor, stabilizes the androgen receptor and prevents the loss of its binding capacity. PMID- 3488064 TI - AIDS in a Hong Kong Chinese. AB - A young Hong Kong Chinese male patient with fever of unknown origin is presented. The diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was made only 5 months after the onset of his illness. The lack of awareness of the syndrome might account for the delay in the diagnosis. The legal attitude towards homosexuality might have an adverse effect on epidemiological studies of AIDS in Hong Kong. PMID- 3488065 TI - Quantitation of isotype specific Haemophilus influenzae antibody in serum and saliva of normal subjects and chronic bronchitics. AB - An immunoglobulin isotype specific radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to assess the antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae somatic antigens in serum and mucosal secretions. This assay was reproducible (between assay CV% 13.9; within assay CV% 4.5 IgG, 3.9 IgA, 3.0 IgM) and specific for H1/H2 antigens. Different patterns of antibody were observed in healthy children (aged 5-10 years), adults and patients with chronic bronchitis. In serum, 20% of chronic bronchitics had antibody levels greater than those observed in healthy adults. In saliva, the proportion of chronic bronchitic patients with high levels (greater than 12% binding) of IgG specific antibody was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than in healthy adults or children. The proportion of children and chronic bronchitics which had antibody levels of up to 4% binding was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that observed in healthy adults. A similar pattern was observed for IgM specific antibody. The occurrence of IgA specific antibody in the saliva in children and chronic bronchitics was consistently greater than that observed in adults for all levels of antibody (P less than 0.05). Chronic bronchitics with high levels of antibody had greater infection and mortality rates. PMID- 3488066 TI - [Coronary bypass: 1985]. PMID- 3488067 TI - Evaluation and tolerance of a new polycarbonate membrane in elderly patients. Preliminary results. AB - We studied the performance and tolerance of a new capillary hemodialyzer using a polycarbonate membrane (Gambrane PCD 1000) in a group of 5 elderly patients (mean age 68 years). The ultrafiltration coefficient is 6 (justifying the monitoring control of weight loss) and clearances for small molecules are comparable with cellulosic membranes. A good tolerance during 300 sessions was observed; nevertheless, an important neutropenia was noted in 2 out of 5 patients. The complement activation measured by the dosage of the C3a Desarg fraction existed in all the patients, reaching an average 6 times the initial level compared to 40 times for Cuprophan. Complement activation and neutropenia are considerably reduced by the reuse of the hemodialyzer as it was described for the cellulosic membranes. PMID- 3488068 TI - [Clinical studies of adoptive immunotherapy of human disseminated brain tumors with LAK cells and recombinant interleukin-2]. AB - In previous in vitro studies, the authors showed that recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with malignant brain tumors to generate cells that were lytic for fresh autologous tumor but not for lymphocytes or lymphoblasts. We then tried the adoptive transfer of such lymphokine-activated killer-(LAK) cells induced from patients with meningeal gliomatosis (MG) and meningeal carcinomatosis (MC). PBL fractions were separated into a plastic bag by leukophoreses using HEMONETICS V 50. PBL were then harvested by LSM (Litton Bionetics, Kensington, Md.) gradient centrifugation according to the standard method. Human LAK cells were generated by placing 5 X 10(7) PBL in 10-cm diameter plastic dishes (Falcon) holding 20 ml of complete medium (CM) containing 100 units of rIL-2 (TGP-3, provided by TAKEDA Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The CM consisted of RPMI P640 with 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 1 microM sodium pyruvate, 5 X 10(-5) M 2 mercaptoethanol, 50 micrograms/ml of gentamicin sulfate, 0.03% glutamine and 2% heat-inactivated human AB serum. The dishes were incubated horizontally at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 72-96 hours. The LAK cells were then harvested, washed three times with Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) and resuspended in HBSS for transfer to patients. 1-2 X 10(8) LAK cells were injected intrathecally through Ommaya's reservoir or a V-P shunt reservoir twice a week. Portions of LAK cells were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro. During the adoptive transfer of LAK cells, patients were given intravenous injections of 500 units of rIL-2 every day. Case 1: A 29-year-old man with meningeal gliomatosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488069 TI - Regulation of the immune response--what can be learnt from immunosuppressants? PMID- 3488071 TI - The treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin. AB - Eight patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) complicated by pancytopenia were treated with low dose regimens of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2' deoxycoformycin (DCF). All patients had significant haematological and clinical improvement. One patient who had been splenectomized and five patients with mild to moderate splenomegaly achieved normal blood counts within 2 months, which have been maintained for up to 18 months. Complete remissions occurred in two patients and four patients had 50-95% marrow clearance of hairy cells. The initial DCF treatments produced a 1-3 g/dl fall in the haemoglobin levels and one patient had a temporary reduction in granulocyte and platelet counts. Five patients had nausea/vomiting, and/or lethargy following DCF, but there was no correlation between the plasma levels of deoxyadenosine and adenosine and the incidence or severity of these side effects. An increased incidence of infection and drug hypersensitivity may reflect the effects of DCF on the immune system. Low dose DCF is a highly effective agent in HCL. PMID- 3488070 TI - Cyclosporine: mechanism of action, measurement and clinical use. PMID- 3488072 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates growth of highly enriched multipotent haemopoietic progenitors. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been shown to stimulate growth of normal and malignant fibroblasts, glial cells and smooth muscle cells. A growth promoting effect on human haemopoietic precursors has also been described, but the interpretation of this haemopoietic proliferative response to PDGF has been hampered by the lack of purity of the target population. In this study we show that PDGF promotes growth of early bone marrow haemopoietic progenitors depleted of either monocytes or T lymphocytes which are known to influence haemopoiesis. Moreover, the action of PDGF is even increased on a highly enriched BI-3C5 early bone marrow population. BI-3C5 is a novel monoclonal antibody which recognizes an antigen present on all multilineage colony-forming cells (CFU-mix) (Tindle et al. 1985). BI-3C5 positively and negatively sorted fractions were obtained by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and PDGF was found to stimulate growth of CFU-mix in the BI-3C5-positive fraction (consisting of only 4-6% of the marrow population), the effect being more marked than that on unsorted bone marrow. The results suggest that the product of the cellular proto-oncogene c-sis (the putative structural gene for the beta chain of PDGF) may play a regulatory role in the in vivo proliferation of multipotent haemopoietic progenitors. PMID- 3488073 TI - Serum sickness and haematopoietic recovery with antithymocyte globulin in bone marrow failure patients. AB - We have evaluated 33 patients with various bone marrow dyscrasias treated with horse antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (Upjohn) to determine the relationship of haematopoietic response to the occurrence of serum sickness. Patients received ATG intravenously over 10 or 28 d at a dose of 15 mg/kg/d. Total or partial haematological responses were noted in 12 of 33 patients. Twenty-eight patients developed clinical signs of serum sickness 6-14 d after the first infusion of ATG, while five patients did not. Twenty-five of these patients were evaluated by immunochemical assays for circulating immune complexes (C1q-binding assay) and 21 patients for serum complement (C3, C4 and CH50 assay) levels. There was a direct correlation between increases in immune complex levels, decreases in serum complement levels, and the development of the clinical signs and symptoms and serum sickness. Twenty-one of 28 patients who developed serum sickness failed to show haematological improvement. However, haematopoietic recovery occurred in all five patients who did not manifest serum sickness (P less than 0.05) and in four patients who failed to develop immune complexes. These findings indicate that the development of serum sickness is not required for a haematopoietic response with ATG and may indeed impair recovery. PMID- 3488075 TI - Estimation of gestational age by last menstrual period, by ultrasound scan and SP1 concentration: comparison with date of delivery. PMID- 3488074 TI - Depersonalization and agoraphobia associated with marijuana use. AB - This paper examines the role of uncontrolled depersonalization associated with marijuana use in the development of agoraphobia. Cases of six people are described, all of whom reported first experiencing depersonalization while using marijuana, and subsequently experiencing depersonalization while not using the drug. A fear of this 'uncontrolled' depersonalization resulted in considerable anticipatory anxiety and panic attacks. Patients ultimately presented for treatment of agoraphobia. A temporal relationship between marijuana use, uncontrolled depersonalization, panic attacks and agoraphobia does not imply causality. Comparison of these cases with other agoraphobia clinic patients provides tentative evidence for a difference between the two types of patients. There were no systematic patterns of stressors in the cases prior to the onset of symptoms. Data obtained before and after treatment indicated the cases were slightly more severe than clinic patients. Males and females were represented equally in the cases, whereas there was a higher incidence of females in the clinic patients. The cases' age of onset was younger than that of the clinic patients. Our standard cognitive-behavioural treatment programme required modification to account for the intensity of the fear of depersonalization in the cases. PMID- 3488076 TI - cDNA sequences for human von Willebrand factor reveal five types of repeated domains and five possible protein sequence polymorphisms. AB - A human umbilical vein endothelial cell cDNA library in lambda gt11 was screened with two previously described cDNA inserts for human von Willebrand factor. Among 16 positive isolates, two that hybridized with a probe corresponding to the amino terminus of von Willebrand factor were sequenced. Together, these four cDNA inserts span 6.5 kilobases of the von Willebrand factor mRNA sequence, completely specifying the 2050 amino acids of the subunit of mature, secreted von Willebrand factor and 24 residues of a precursor peptide. Approximately 77% of the sequence is contained in five types of repeated domains. Domain A consists of 193-220 amino acids and is present in three tandem copies between residues 497 and 1111. Domain B contains 25-35 amino acids and is present in three copies between residues 1533 and 1636. Domain C consists of 116-119 amino acids and is duplicated between residues 1637 and 1899. In contrast to the essentially contiguous repetition of domains A-C, the two copies of domains D and E are each separated by 804 and 1383 amino acids, respectively. Domain D1 contains 289 amino acids between residues 79 and 367, while domain D2 consists of 270 amino acids between residues 1171 and 1440. Domain E1 consists of 46 amino acids between residues 25 and 70, and domain E2 consists of 46 amino acids between residues 1453 and 1498. The triplicated A domains are notably poor in Cys content, while the remaining domains are Cys-rich. The A domains appear to be homologous to a 225-residue segment of complement factor B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488077 TI - Observation of the terminal methyl group in fatty acids of the linolenic series by a new 1H NMR pulse sequence providing spectral editing and solvent suppression. Application to excised frog muscle and rat brain. AB - A new 1H NMR pulse sequence is described that combines water suppression with the selective observation of signals from coupled spin systems. The pulse sequence is easy to set up and compensates for pulse width inhomogeneity in the biological sample. Suppression of the water signal is achieved by pulses that return the water spins to their equilibrium position; spectral editing is based on the J modulation present in spin-echo spectra and its inhibition by coherent decoupling at one of the resonances of the spin system of interest. The pulse sequence, which was designed for 1H NMR spectroscopy of tissue, was tested at 470 MHz on excised frog muscle and rat brain. The lactate methyl resonance of caffeine treated frog sartorius muscle was observed selectively by irradiation at the position of its alcoholic proton. The terminal methyl signal of linolenic acid, along with other fatty acids of the linolenic series (first double bond in the omega-3 position), was observed selectively by irradiation at the position of its omega-1 methylene group. 1H NMR spectra of rat brain were edited to reveal the terminal methyl of either linolenic series or all other fatty acids. The results suggest that the terminal methyl groups of fatty acids of the linolenic series (mostly docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6) have higher mobility than those of all other fatty acids. PMID- 3488079 TI - Purification and biochemical characteristics of two distinct human interleukins 1 from the myelomonocytic THP-1 cell line. AB - An effective induction protocol for the production of interleukin 1 (IL 1) by human myelomonocytic cell line (THP-1) cells was developed, and two biochemically distinct human IL 1 peptides were purified. Lipopolysaccharide, silica, and hydroxyurea by themselves did not induce IL 1 production, but these three stimulants in combination had a synergistic effect on the production of IL 1 by THP-1 cells. A 17-kilodalton (kDa) form of human IL 1 with a pI of 7.0 (IL 1 beta) was purified to homogeneity by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200, CM high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and hydroxyapatite HPLC. The recovery of IL 1-beta activity was 45%, and the specific activity was 2.3 X 10(7) units/mg. Both IL 1-beta and a second 17-kDa IL 1 moiety with a pI of 5.0 (IL 1-alpha) were also extracted from stimulated THP-1 cells and purified to homogeneity by sequential chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, ion exchange HPLC, and hydroxyapatite HPLC. The recovery of IL 1-beta from cell extracts was 5.6%, and the specific activity was 3 X 10(7) units/mg. In contrast, only 0.85% of IL 1-alpha was recovered with a specific activity of 5.3 X 10(7) units/mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488078 TI - Mechanism of action of aromatic amines that short-circuit the visual cycle. AB - DAPP [1,5-bis(p-aminophenoxy)pentane] is an antischistosomal drug that can inhibit dark adaptation in vertebrates by impairing formation of 11-cis-retinoids in the eye and by depleting preformed stores of them [Bernstein, P. S., & Rando, R. R. (1985) Vis. Res. 25, 741-748]. It has recently been shown that p phenetidine and other monofunctional analogues of DAPP (a symmetric bifunctional molecule) can duplicate DAPP's effects, and it was proposed that these retinotoxic compounds exert their effects in vivo by "short-circuiting" the visual cycle, catalyzing the thermodynamically downhill isomerization of 11-cis retinal to all-trans-retinal [Bernstein, P. S., Lichtman, J. R., & Rando, R. R. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 1632-1635]. In this paper, the "short circuit" hypothesis is investigated more fully. Numerous phenetidine-like molecules are assayed for their ability to inhibit rhodopsin formation and 11-cis retinyl palmitate formation in the living frog eye. It is found that virtually any aromatic amine with a moderately hydrophobic alkyl chain "tail" is an active inhibitor in vivo. The tail can be in either the para or the meta position and can be attached to the aromatic ring either by direct linkage or by an ether linkage. Compounds that can be metabolized in vivo to such active compounds are also inhibitory. Amino group modification studies demonstrate an absolute requirement for structures that can form a Schiff base with retinal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488080 TI - Peripheral action of serotonin as a model of depression. PMID- 3488082 TI - [The role of the somatosensory cortex in the development of reflex analgesia]. AB - The effects of reflex stimulation on the changes of nociception thresholds in animals before and after ablation of the somatosensory cortex were studied in behavioural experiments on adult cats. Electroacupuncture stimulation (EAP) was shown to increase nociception thresholds at all levels of the conventional scale. The ablation of both the first (S1) and the second (S2) somatosensory cortex led to EAP inefficiency at the side opposite to the ablation. Partial lesion of the lateral and suprasylvian gyri, used as control, did not affect the efficiency of reflex analgesia. It is concluded that somatosensory areas of the cortex, especially 2, are involved in reflex analgesia. PMID- 3488081 TI - Optical depolarization changes in single, skinned muscle fibers. Evidence for cross-bridge involvement. AB - Optical ellipsometry studies of single, skinned muscle fibers conducted on the diffraction orders have yielded spectra that are sensitive to the state of the fiber. The linearly polarized light field vector becomes elliptically polarized as it passes through the fiber and may be collected at the diffraction orders. Fibers that have been subjected to extraction of myosin (0.6 M KCl) retain a weak diffraction pattern and exhibit a substantially decreased depolarization of incident linearly polarized light. A significant decrease in polarization is seen in skinned fibers that are subject to an increase in pH from 7.0 to 8.0. This increase in pH results in a decrease of approximately 30% in the depolarization angle of single fibers. The major decrease in depolarization angle that we observe at pH 8.0 is consistent with the notion that as cross-bridges move out from the shaft of the thick filament, their ability to cause depolarization of the incident linearly polarized light decreases. This interpretation is also consistent with the work of Ueno and Harrington where the decrease in the ability to cross-link S-1 and S-2 to the thick filament at pH 8.2 suggests cross-bridge movement away from the thick filament. A large decrease in birefringence, seen after treatment of skinned fibers with alpha-chymotrypsin, appears to be related to the breakdown of myosin into rod, S-1, heavy meromyosin, and light meromyosin. PMID- 3488084 TI - [Effect of syngeneic thymocytes on the proliferation of the small intestine epithelium in mice]. AB - The effect of syngeneic thymocytes on the proliferative compartment of the small intestinal epithelium was studied in CBA mice. In mice that intravenously received thymus cells, the proliferative enterocyte activity was depressed, the proliferative zone reduced and the maturation zone enlarged. The data obtained indicate that medullary thymocytes are responsible for this effect. The regulatory role of the immune system with regard to cell proliferation is discussed. PMID- 3488083 TI - [Ability of amino acid components of proteins to stimulate the thymus-dependent immune response]. AB - The ability of protein amino acids to facilitate differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into T lymphocytes in vitro and to stimulate primary immune response to sheep red blood cells in vivo was studied. Nine out of twenty amino acids (aspartic acid, asparagine, glutaminic acid, cysteine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, alanine and valine) were shown to possess immunologic activity, with the highest activity revealed in aspartic acid. PMID- 3488086 TI - [Indications and contraindications for intraocular crystalline implants]. PMID- 3488085 TI - Karyotype and ultrastructure of a colony stimulating factor (CSF) producing cell line (5637) originated from a carcinoma of the human urinary bladder. AB - The cell line 5637 which originated from a human urinary bladder carcinoma is known to produce GM-CSF and Multi-CSF ectopically. Determination of cell surface antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies was recently reported. Here we report on the ultrastructure and karyology of this CSF secreting cell line. At the ultrastructural level the monolayer in vitro culture and the solid tumors formed in nude mice showed all characteristics consistent with a well-differentiated transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). A subclone was found to grow in suspension and did not secrete any CSF activity. High resolution chromosome analysis revealed chromosomal abnormalities which agreed only in few particulars with nonrandom chromosomal aberrations usually found in TCC. Analysis of the cytogenetic results showed that nearly all structural abnormalities present are known to be associated with acute or chronic human leukemia. The possibility that the ectopic production of CSF in this cell line may be correlated to one or more of the described chromosomal aberrations is discussed. PMID- 3488087 TI - Psychosocial problems following coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Most patients undergoing bypass graft surgery derive psychological and social benefits from it. Those who fare badly are likely to have evidence of psychological maladjustments before surgery and to suffer forced retirement (for whatever reason) after it. A sizeable minority develop CNS complications. More prospective controlled studies are needed to determine whether these lead to long term neuropsychological impairment. PMID- 3488089 TI - The ninth complement component in rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease and other rheumatic diseases. AB - Using an immunoradiometric assay with two monoclonal antibodies plasma C9 levels were measured in 49 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, eight patients with Behcet's disease, six patients with ankylosing spondylitis, nine patients with psoriatic arthropathy, six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, five patients with erosive osteoarthritis and four patients with acute gout. Plasma C9 levels were also followed sequentially in four patients with Behcet's disease to show fluctuation during disease activity. The upper limit of normal for plasma C9 was 90 mg/l, 2 standard deviations above the known mean value. Significantly raised levels were found in active rheumatoid arthritis (119.7 +/- 28.3), Behcet's disease (177.9 +/- 26.2) and ankylosing spondylitis (116.1 +/- 23.1). In Behcet's disease the raised C9 levels normalized during disease quiescence suggesting that C9 is a good monitor of disease activity. CRP and ESR values were also measured. In rheumatoid arthritis C9 was more consistently elevated in active disease than CRP or ESR. As there was no association between these measures on mathematical analysis it was concluded that plasma C9 is a better indicator of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3488088 TI - Increased levels of osteocalcin (serum bone Gla-protein) in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum osteocalcin was measured by radio-immunoassay in 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in 50 controls. Mean serum osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA. There was a positive correlation between osteocalcin and fasting mucopolysaccharide/creatinine ratio in both sexes, and between osteocalcin and fasting hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in women. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, a less specific marker for bone formation, was also increased in RA, and there was a positive correlation with osteocalcin in both sexes. These data suggest that overall bone turnover is increased in RA and that serum osteocalcin may provide additional information for the evaluation of bone metabolism in this disease. PMID- 3488090 TI - Is neurological disease with positive lupus serology sufficient for a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus? PMID- 3488091 TI - The wearing of ear plugs at night. PMID- 3488092 TI - Are anorexic tendencies prevalent in the habitual runner? AB - To investigate whether runners displayed any of the abnormalities characteristic of patients with anorexia nervosa, we conducted a cross sectional study of 31 high mileage, 18 low mileage runners and 18 non-running controls. Subjects completed a personal data questionnaire, the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI) and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire (EAT), underwent a body image test and a blood sample was obtained for measurement of reproductive, thyroid and adrenal hormones. High mileage runners scored significantly higher infrequency scores on the JPI than sedentary controls but there was no evidence of psychopathology. The high mileage runners also significantly overestimated waist width and there were small but statistically significant differences in EAT scores between controls and the runner groups. Ten of 49 runners had EAT scores beyond two standard deviations above the mean of non-running controls. Serum total, free and non specifically bound testosterone and prolactin levels were significantly lower in high mileage runners than controls. LH, FSH, cortisol and thyroid hormones were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in any hormone between low mileage runners and controls. displayed no clear abnormalities characteristic of patients with anorexia The results suggested that running may have a chronic effect on serum testosterone and prolactin levels in high mileage but not low mileage runners. Although there was no significant evidence of anorexia nervosa on testing the runners with EAT, the overestimation of waist size provided some evidence of a distortion of body image in the high mileage runners. Runners displayed no clear abnormalities characteristic of patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3488094 TI - Discriminative conditioning-related slow potential and single-unit responses in the frontal cortex of urethane-anesthetized rats. AB - A model is described for obtaining long-term and stable discriminative conditioning-related slow-potential and single-unit responses from the frontal cortex of urethane-anesthetized rats. Responses were recorded and analyzed to reinforced (rewarding medial forebrain bundle stimulation) and non-reinforced tone cues. In the present study, cortical event-related slow potentials provided an adequate index of the level of discriminative conditioning. Single-unit response patterns are described for 57 neurons which demonstrated a discriminative response to either the reinforced or non-reinforced tone cue. PMID- 3488093 TI - Crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Further studies. AB - To investigate further the topographical, clinical and temporal correlates of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) after supratentorial stroke, 55 patients suffering from a single unilateral ischaemic stroke in the carotid artery territory were studied with the quantitative oxygen-15 steady-state technique and positron tomography. Fourteen patients had one or more follow-up studies, contributing a total of 72 studies. The phenomenon of CCD, defined by depressed oxygen consumption in the contralateral cerebellum, was statistically significant in 58% of the studies. It was more prominent when the supratentorial infarct involved the internal capsule or the cortical mantle extensively, consistent with the hypothesis that it results from destruction of the corticopontocerebellar fibres. Although CCD was associated with the presence of hemiparesis, it also occurred in patients without hemiparesis and was not seen in all those with hemiparesis, suggesting that destruction of the pyramidal tract is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce CCD. Finally, CCD tended to persist over long periods of time after a stroke, pointing towards a transneuronal degeneration possibly akin to crossed cerebellar atrophy as a likely explanation for CCD. Nevertheless, CCD could be seen within hours of a stroke and sometimes disappeared within a few days, suggesting a temporal continuum between early, potentially reversible functional hypometabolism (diaschisis) and irreversible degeneration. PMID- 3488095 TI - Characterization of dopamine receptors on neurons grown in primary dissociated cell culture from ventral mesencephalon of mouse. AB - Mammalian neurons from ventral mesencephalon were grown in primary dissociated cell culture. These cultures were examined for dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity and specific ligand binding of [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]flupenthixol. No stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by 10 microM dopamine was demonstrable in cell culture homogenates. [3H]Spiroperidol bound to cell culture homogenates with high affinity and was displaced by (+)-butaclamol but not by 5-hydroxytryptamine, suggesting that the [3H]spiroperidol was bound to dopamine receptors. While [3H]flupenthixol binding was also present, it could be displaced by spiroperidol indicating that the dopamine receptor was probably of the D2 subtype. Binding of spiroperidol was proportional to the amount of cell culture homogenate, and was saturable. Are these receptors autoreceptors? The toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) was used to destroy dopaminergic neurons; spiroperidol binding in these cultures was found to be increased, demonstrating that most of these D2 receptors are not autoreceptors. PMID- 3488096 TI - Different receptor sites for Ca2+ and Na+ in single water fibers of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve. AB - Unitary discharges were recorded from single water-sensitive fibers (water fibers) of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve during stimulation of the tongue with chemical stimuli. Low CaCl2 (1 mM CaCl2) and relatively high NaCl (500 mM NaCl) are effective stimuli which excite water fibers. To learn whether or not Ca2+ and Na+ react with different receptor sites, a proteolytic enzyme was topically applied to the tongue dorsum. After treatment of the tongue with 0.05% pronase E, the magnitude of the NaCl response remained unchanged, but the magnitude of the CaCl2 response markedly decreased. The selective elimination by the pronase E treatment indicates that there exist different receptor sites for Ca2+ and Na+ in single water fibers of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve. The effect of pronase E treatment was due to the proteolytic action. The results suggest that the Ca2+ receptor site may be composed of a protein. PMID- 3488097 TI - Distribution and management of cattle in relation to climatic zones within North America. AB - The United States has a diversity of climates, as noted earlier. Although one can describe, as was done here, a grid of zones based on average temperature, rainfall, and terrain, the complexity of climates within these zones based on elevation, rainfall, and temperature requires much closer evaluation. The practicing veterinarian or animal husbandman must evaluate the specific climatic conditions prevailing on the farm or ranch in question and integrate the components of that climate into the management or health practices to be recommended. There is no substitute for careful observation. PMID- 3488098 TI - Nematodiasis in cattle. Importance, species involved, immunity, and resistance. PMID- 3488099 TI - Epidemiologic patterns of nematodiasis in cattle. PMID- 3488101 TI - Bovine trichomoniasis. PMID- 3488100 TI - Fascioliasis and cestodiasis in cattle. PMID- 3488102 TI - Intestinal coccidiosis in cattle. PMID- 3488103 TI - Insecticides and acaricides for cattle. PMID- 3488104 TI - The sheep industry. Trends, economics, and production aspects. PMID- 3488105 TI - Methods for diagnosis of parasitism in small ruminants. PMID- 3488106 TI - Hypobiosis and the periparturient rise in sheep. AB - From a parasite viewpoint, therefore, hypobiosis is a most useful life cycle adaptation to ensure persistence and has been reported in most of the important nematode species parasitizing sheep in North America. It facilitates the synchronization of the nematode life cycle to changing host and environmental conditions. It also enables the parasite to have available large numbers of infective forms at points in the host life cycle that coincide with the presence of susceptible neonates, thus ensuring transmission. The accompanying periparturient rise seen with many of these species following development of hypobiotic larvae has very important implications for the planning of control procedures. Because it appears to be the major source of pasture contamination early in the grazing season, it is the prime source of infection for the lambs. These lambs can in turn serve to augment pasture contamination, leading to very heavy levels of pasture infectivity in late summer and fall. By scheduling anthelmintic treatments so as to suppress this rise in egg counts, pasture contamination can be kept to a minimum. More effective, less frequent dosing with anthelmintics is needed. PMID- 3488107 TI - Epidemiology and control of nematodes and cestodes in small ruminants. Western United States. PMID- 3488108 TI - Epidemiology and control of gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes in small ruminants. Southern United States. PMID- 3488109 TI - Epidemiology and control of trematodes in small ruminants. PMID- 3488110 TI - Epidemiology and control of coccidia in sheep. PMID- 3488111 TI - Anthelmintics for small ruminants. PMID- 3488114 TI - Coccidiosis in swine. AB - It is clear that although the clinical history, pathologic lesions, and endogenous stage life cycle of I. suis are well understood, the epidemiology of this parasite is not understood or is misunderstood. Consequently, treatment of individual piglets and prophylactic use of coccidiostats in sows have not been consistently rewarding. The best control at present is achieved through use of extensive sanitation, particularly steam cleaning. The incidence of clinical coccidiosis in piglets continues to be a major component (approximately 20 per cent) in the differential etiology of scours in baby pigs. PMID- 3488113 TI - Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of major swine helminth parasites. PMID- 3488115 TI - Anthelmintics for swine. PMID- 3488116 TI - Anthelmintics for cattle. AB - A number of anthelmintics are available for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. In North America, O. ostertagi, Cooperia spp., lung worm, and F. hepatica probably cause the greatest losses in production. The older anthelmintics are often deficient in their action against some of these parasites. Recently, the Paratect morantel tartrate slow-release bolus has provided a mechanism for the prevention of infections with gastrointestinal nematodes and lung worm, to some extent, and this has been shown to produce considerable economic benefits. Fenbendazole removes arrested O. ostertagi larvae; thus, its availability is an important step in the prevention of type-2 ostertagiasis. It also has a very broad spectrum of activity that includes most other nematodes and tapeworms and is a very safe anthelmintic. Ivermectin is highly effective against almost all cattle nematodes and also has great value for the control of arthropod ectoparasites. In addition, it and levamisole are the only anti-nematode drugs that can be administered to cattle by injection. Clorsulon is a new, safe anthelmintic that provides good control of liver fluke and, thus, fills a gap in the control of helminths of cattle in North America. The efficient use of anthelmintics in association with management based on a knowledge of parasite epidemiology can ensure that cattle do not rapidly become re-infected. In this way, the benefits from the use of anthelmintics can be very considerable and far greater than the costs of control. PMID- 3488112 TI - Anthelmintic resistance in sheep. PMID- 3488117 TI - Ocular complications following excision of cerebellopontine angle tumours. AB - The incidence of ocular complications in 91 patients who underwent excision of cerebellopontine angle tumours was reviewed. Facial nerve paralysis occurred postoperatively in 40 of 88 patients (45.5%). Sixty-four percent of these patients recovered; thus the final count was 86% of patients with facial nerve function following tumour removal. Patients who sustained a delayed facial paralysis recovered well. In patients who sustained an immediate paralysis when the nerve was left anatomically intact postoperatively, recovery was again excellent if paralysis was incomplete, and varied if the paralysis was complete. Not surprisingly, postoperative facial paralysis was more common in patients who had had large tumours. Corneal hypoesthesia and a poor Bell's phenomenon were the most important factors in predicting corneal complications as a result of facial nerve paralysis. Eye complications in 45% of the patients who suffered facial nerve paralysis were managed conservatively with ocular lubricants and an eye shield only; the others received some form of eyelid surgery. PMID- 3488118 TI - Dyschromatopsia following cataract surgery. AB - The authors report on 19 individuals who experienced colour obscurations (dyschromatopsia) following cataract surgery. Although a transient blue discoloration (cyanopsia) might be expected following cataract surgery, an erythropsia (red vision) is more common. Symptoms generally begin after outdoor activity in bright sunlight, vary in duration and are recurrent. It is important to look for a history of drug use, migraine or cerebrovascular accidents. PMID- 3488119 TI - Direct measurement of the influx of sodium in frog skeletal muscle. AB - When a frog's sartorius is immersed in sodium-free lithium-substituted solution at 0 degree C, the tissue sodium content declines in two distinct phases. The rate of the slow phase has a temperature dependence expected for a process dependent on metabolism (Q10, ca. 3), and sodium content (51.5 mmol/kg dry weight) equal to that measured by others using electron microprobe microanalysis. The rate of the rapid phase has a temperature dependence (Q10, 0.3-1) expected for a passive process, and a sodium content equal to that in the sorbitol space. It was concluded that incubation of a muscle at 0 degree C for 45 min in sodium free solution will wash out almost all of the sodium in the extracellular space but will leave almost all the sodium in the intracellular space. The unidirectional sodium influx was measured by incubating a muscle in 22Na containing Ringer's solution for a timed interval at 23 degrees C, then in sodium free lithium-substituted solution at 0 degree C for 45 min, before analysis for ion content and radioactivity. The ratio of the specific activity of sodium in the muscle to that in the radioactive bathing solution was calculated, and the time course of its rise was used to calculate an influx rate coefficient. The use of the specific activity minimizes the error due to the loss of intracellular sodium and radiosodium which occurs during the wash in cold solution. It was found that the rate of the radiosodium uptake varied as the uptake proceeded, in a manner similar to that previously shown for the rate of the radiosodium efflux and attributed to the existence of a diversity of cell size in this muscle. PMID- 3488120 TI - Inhibition of Zn2+-induced potentiation of twitch tension by Ni2+ in frog muscle. AB - Effect of Ni2+ on Zn2+-induced potentiation of twitch tension was studied electrophysiologically in the toe muscle fibers of Rana catesbeiana. The major findings of this investigation are as follows. When 2 mM Ni2+ was applied to fibers in a normal Ringer's solution containing 50 microM Zn2+ (Zn2+ solution), the Zn2+-potentiated twitch tension decreased remarkably to about one-third of that before Ni2+ treatment. This concentration of Ni2+ caused a 23% decrease in the duration of action potential which had been prolonged by Zn2+ (6.61-5.09 ms). Ni2+ (2 mM) added to normal Ringer's solution led to increases of about 30 and 42% in twitch tension and in the duration of action potential, respectively. A slight increase in the mechanical threshold was induced by 2 mM Ni2+. The inhibitory action of Ni2+ on the twitch tension in Zn2+ solution was larger than that in the case of tetanus tension. Diltiazem (40 microM), a Ca2+ channel blocker, did not inhibit the twitch tension potentiated in Zn2+ solution. These results suggest that the decrease in Zn2+-potentiated twitch tension by Ni2+ may possibly derive from impairment of the propagation of action potential along the T tubules. PMID- 3488121 TI - Lymphocyte-activating and growth-inhibitory activities for several sources of native and recombinant interleukin 1. AB - Several native and recombinant forms of human interleukin-1 (IL-1) and recombinant murine IL-1 were assayed for their ability to inhibit the growth of cell lines established from malignant and nonmalignant human sources. The amount of growth-inhibitory activity was compared to the units of half-maximal [3H]thymidine incorporation in mouse thymocyte cultures exposed to IL-1. Three malignant human mammary cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-415) were growth inhibited in the presence of both native and the alpha and beta forms of recombinant human IL-1. MDA-MB-415 was most sensitive. Although most sources of IL-1 showed good correlation between units of activity and percentage of growth inhibition, native IL-1 from Genzyme Corporation induced a cytotoxic effect. Murine IL-1 was less growth inhibitory than the human forms of the monokine. Human embryonic lung (HEL), adult fibroblast (CRL 1445), and transformed milk (HBL-100) lines were not growth inhibited when tested against any IL-1 source. A lung carcinoma (CALU-1) and a colon carcinoma (SW-48) were not inhibited by either the alpha or beta forms of human recombinant IL-1. PMID- 3488122 TI - Tumor blood flow and systemic shunting in patients receiving intraarterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. AB - Radionuclide techniques have been used to estimate the systemic shunt and to quantitate blood flow to the tumor and a reference normal tissue in nine patients undergoing intraarterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. The systemic shunt was calculated as the percentage of pulmonary trapping of intraarterially injected 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin. The mean systemic shunt in the 12 separate arteries studied was 23 +/- 13% (SE) (range 8-43%). Quantitative blood flow was determined from the slope of the washout curve of intraarterially injected 133Xe. The mean tumor blood flow was 13.6 +/- 6.7 ml/100 g/min, while the mean blood flow to the scalp was 4.2 +/- 2.1 ml/100 g/min providing a mean tumor/normal tissue ratio of 3.9 +/- 2.7. An estimate of blood flow distribution was obtained by calculating the ratio of counts/pixel in the tumor mass versus the remainder of the head as determined by single photon emission computed tomography following an intraarterial injection of 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin. The mean ratio of tumor to normal tissue perfusion by this technique was 5.6 +/- 3.7. These techniques have allowed noninvasive determination of the blood flow parameters associated with intraarterial chemotherapy. At least part of the therapeutic advantage of regional chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer is due to a tumor/normal tissue blood flow ratio that favors drug delivery to the tumor contained within the infused volume. PMID- 3488123 TI - Augmentation of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity after a single dose of adriamycin in cancer patients. AB - The effect of Adriamycin on the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the mixed cell culture was studied in patients with various carcinomas. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from the patients were cultured with the B lymphoblastoid cell line Raji in mixed culture, and the induced cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr release assay. In patients with various carcinomas, the capacity of PBM to be converted to cytotoxic cells was significantly augmented 5, 7, and 10 days after a single dose of 25 mg/sq m i.v., when compared to that of PBM obtained before Adriamycin injection. The peak level of the cytotoxicity observed 7 days after injection was more than 2-fold higher than that before treatment. Although the depletion of adherent cells from PBM either before or after treatment resulted in a decreased cytotoxic response, nonadherent cell fractions as well as unfractionated cells from PBM after drug treatment equally showed an augmented response when compared to that before injection. The distribution of T cell subsets exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of OKT8 positive cells after administration. Furthermore, PBM obtained after treatment produced significantly higher levels of interleukin 2. The results appear to indicate that the imbalance of T-cell subsets and the increase of interleukin 2 production may be related to the augmenting effect of Adriamycin administration on cytotoxic response in cancer patients. PMID- 3488124 TI - Specific cytotoxicity of a long-term cultured T-cell clone on human autologous mammary cancer cells. AB - We established an autologous specific T-cell killer clone, TcHMC-1, that has been cultured and has retained its function for over 1 year. TcHMC-1 and target cells (HMC-1-8) were derived from the metastatic pleural effusion of a patient with mammary carcinoma. At culture initiation, pleural exudative lymphocytes (PLEL) already demonstrated a high cytotoxic activity against uncloned HMC-1 breast tumor cell targets but not against autologous fibroblasts and K562 targets, and phenotypically these cells showed 100 and 90% reactivity with OKT3 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. However, at the early phase of cultivation under interleukin 2, PLEL had a relatively high cytotoxicity against some allogeneic tumor cells. Furthermore, the longer these PLEL were cultured with interleukin 2 and stimulated with MMC-treated HMC-1, the less cytotoxic activity of PLEL against HMC-1 targets became. We then cloned PLEL as well as HMC-1 tumor cells, and an autologous pair of TcHMC-1 and a target cell clone, HMC-1-8, was successfully obtained. TcHMC-1 showed more than 60% specific cytotoxicity against HMC-1-8, and it was confirmed, using cold target inhibition assays, that TcHMC-1 did not demonstrate nonspecific cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets as well as the natural killer cell activity. Moreover, we examined the in vivo action of TcHMC-1 against HMC-1-8 cells by the Winn assay using nude mice. The data showed that s.c. injections with a mixture of TcHMC-1 and HMC-1-8 clearly resulted in a failure of tumor development in the nude mice even 12 weeks after injections, whereas mice given injections of HMC-1-8 and allogeneic T-lymphocytes cultured with interleukin 2 developed tumors. The autologous pair of a killer T-cell clone and tumor line could be very useful for future investigations of the specific destruction of autologous tumor cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, including analysis for tumor-specific antigens possibly of rejection type and clonotypic T cell antigen receptors. PMID- 3488125 TI - Modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, and cytarabine (COMLA) in intermediate- and high-grade lymphoma: an effective short-course regimen. AB - Twenty-one patients with intermediate- and high-grade lymphomas were treated with modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, and cytarabine (COMLA). This regimen utilizes the drugs used in COMLA in similar doses, but cyclophosphamide is given twice as frequently, cytarabine is given by continuous infusion, and the total duration of therapy is reduced to 16 weeks. Complete remission rates were 80% in patients with intermediate-grade lymphomas and 67% in patients with high-grade lymphomas. Persistent complete remission rates were 60% and 33%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 26 months for surviving patients. This regimen was myelotoxic, but there were no toxic deaths. Modified COMLA is a relatively nontoxic regimen producing excellent results in intermediate-grade lymphomas. PMID- 3488126 TI - Growth factors for human tumor clonogenic cells elaborated by macrophages isolated from human malignant effusions. AB - We previously demonstrated that macrophages isolated from human malignant effusions support colony formation of autologous tumor cells in soft agar. We now demonstrate that macrophages (derived from effusions of patients with ovarian, breast, colon, or lung adenocarcinomas) secrete a soluble factor(s) that enhances the ability of a human epithelial tumor cell line (SW-13) to clone in soft agar. Macrophages increased colony growth 5 to 10-fold in a concentration dependent manner, although inhibition of cell growth was observed in the presence of high concentrations of macrophages. We attempted to increase production of tumor colony stimulating factor by exposing macrophages to lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A, or phytohemagglutinin. Exposure of macrophages to these agents failed to increase their ability to secrete stimulatory factors. Macrophages were cultured for 1 day to 6 weeks in the presence of GCT-CM, a source of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and the ability of these cultured macrophages to support colony growth assessed. The ability of macrophages to support colony growth declined gradually with time in culture reaching 50% of control values at 14 days, but remained at this level until 5 weeks of culture. The results of this study indicate the SW-13 cells may provide a quantitative assay for studying monocyte-derived tumor colony stimulating factors. PMID- 3488129 TI - Late thrombolysis with intracoronary streptokinase after myocardial infarction. AB - This patient had a myocardial infarction 4 years after coronary bypass grafting. Catheterization 1 month later revealed occlusion of the graft to the posterior descending by what appeared to be a clot. On each of 3 successive days, infusion of streptokinase accomplished recanalization of the graft. After the third treatment, he showed marked symptomatic improvement. Recanalization may be successful as late as 1 month after occlusion and repeated infusions of streptokinase over a period of days can be carried out safely and without loss of effectiveness. PMID- 3488128 TI - Hemodynamic progression of adult valvular aortic stenosis. AB - Hemodynamic progression of valvular aortic stenosis was studied in 54 patients who had serial cardiac catheterizations. There were 47 men and 7 women with a mean age of 61.2 years. The time interval between studies was 4.4 years (range, 0.4-12.2). Associated coronary artery disease was present in 37 patients (69%). The initial mean aortic valve area (Hakki's formula) was 1.26 cm2 (range, 0.66 2.85), and the aortic valve area at last follow-up was 0.77 cm2 (range, 0.29 1.95), with mean reduction of 0.49 cm2. The mean peak systolic gradient increased from 23.3 +/- 15.1 mm Hg at initial study to 52.6 +/- 27.5 mm Hg at last study, a mean increase of 29.3 +/- 23.6 mm Hg. Patients with no or mild left ventricular impairment and no or mild coronary artery disease are more likely to have progression than patients with more severe left ventricular impairment or coronary artery disease (P less than 0.05). Aortic valve replacement for progressive aortic stenosis was required at a later date after coronary artery bypass grafting in a small group of nine patients. In this small group, there was high intraoperative mortality of 33%. PMID- 3488127 TI - Histological changes in spleen and lymph nodes of mice administered cyclophosphamide and levan. AB - Morphological changes in spleen and lymph nodes of C57B1 mice induced by the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide and the polysaccharide levan, separately and in combination were studied. In the spleen, an early decrease (phase 1) and a late increase (phase 2) in weight were found to result from all drug administrations. The hypocellularity of phase 1 was due to a depletion in the white pulp affecting mainly the B-region. Splenic weight decrease was parallel to B-cell depletion and most marked in animals exposed to cyclophosphamide with levan. The splenomegaly observed during phase 2 with all treatments was due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in the red pulp. In the lymph nodes, administration of cyclophosphamide and levan produced opposite effects on the B-cell region: cyclophosphamide eliminated the germinal centers for 8 days, but levan seemed to enhance B-cell activity. In animals given both cyclophosphamide and levan, inhibition of B-cell activity began earlier than with cyclophosphamide alone. Levan does not antagonize the suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on the B cell component at the early phase when the drugs are given together. PMID- 3488130 TI - Reproductive problems of paraplegics and the present status of electroejaculation. PMID- 3488131 TI - [Short-term treatment of primary infections of the urinary tract in children]. PMID- 3488132 TI - An international study on the serological differential diagnosis of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological differentiation of cystic (Echinococcus granulosus) and alveolar (E. multilocularis) echinococcosis in man has been evaluated. A discrimination rate of 95.1% was found for 82 sera from patients of geographically disparate endemic areas. This rate was essentially the same as that found for 57 Swiss patients, indicating that inter- and intraspecific strain differences do not influence the test results. The assay method is suitable for immunodiagnostic purposes as well as for seroepidemiological studies. PMID- 3488133 TI - The role of Phlebotomus alexandri Sinton, 1928 in the transmission of kala-azar. AB - Since 1968, kala-azar has been occurring sporadically in Meiyaogou, Turfan County, Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region, where four species of sandflies are known to exist. The present study of sandflies collected in this area from May to August 1983 shows that Phlebotomus alexandri is the only anthropophilic and predominant species, accounting for 81.1% (7716/8843) of the sandfly population. After having been fed on cotton rats or hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani, 93.9% (230/245) of P. alexandri were infected, the promastigotes not only developing in the stomach but also invading the pharynx, buccal cavity and proboscis. Of the 643 female P. alexandri collected in the wild and in house, 13 (2.0%) were found to be naturally infected, with a distribution of promastigotes similar to that in the experimental infection. All the Chinese hamsters and golden hamsters that had been inoculated with 7 isolates of promastigotes from naturally infected sandflies developed visceral leishmaniasis. In addition, golden hamsters could be infected experimentally by the bite of P. alexandri which had an infection of promastigotes of L. donovani. This is the first demonstration of a species of Paraphlebotomus playing a role in the transmission of kala-azar in the Old World; studies for confirmation by biochemical identification of parasite isolates from naturally infected P. alexandri are now in progress. PMID- 3488135 TI - Further studies on an improved haemagglutination inhibition test with higher sensitivity for rabies virus antibody. AB - The efficiency of the removal of non-specific inhibitors of rabies virus haemagglutinin by treatment with colloidal silicic acid, which was proposed in an earlier study, was examined in a number of test samples. The non-specific inhibitors were removed in 289 out of 296 normal human sera (97.6%) by this treatment to a level that was undetectable at the 1:4 starting dilution in the haemagglutination inhibition test. Antigenic differences among three strains of rabies virus were detected in the haemagglutination inhibition test and the antibody titres to the homologous antigens were apparently higher than those to heterologous antigens. PMID- 3488134 TI - Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. AB - Transmission of eltor cholera infection in endemic communities continues without diminishing because of the absence of effective intervention measures. Two methods-chlorination of stored water and the use of a narrow-necked earthenware vessel (called a 'sorai') for storing the water-were found to be effective in reducing the transmission of infection among the family contacts of cholera patients. The cholera carrier rates in the chlorination and 'sorai' intervention groups were 7.3% and 4.4%, respectively, compared with 17.3% in the control group. The 'sorai' is cheap and was well accepted by the local communities; its narrow neck prevented the introduction of the hand and contamination of the stored water. PMID- 3488136 TI - Cancer control: introduction to a series of reports on strategies and approaches. AB - No search for new treatments of cancer or new preventive measures can realistically hope to offer benefits anywhere near as large as those that can be gained by the wider application of current knowledge. A series of papers on strategies in cancer control, to be published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, will describe the foundations and approaches that can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from cancer. PMID- 3488137 TI - The dynamics of blood pressure in populations and hypertensive cohorts. AB - Two sets of data, derived from the WHO Cooperative Hypertension Community Control Project and concerned with spontaneous changes of blood pressure over a period of five years, are described. The first deals with the community as a whole, studied through the examination of two independent random samples of the same population made five years apart. The second pertains to cohorts of hypertensive subjects included in the hypertension registers from various centres participating in the WHO programme and followed up for four years.The population blood pressure distribution showed a clear shift towards lower levels for both systolic and diastolic values. The mean changes, however, were smaller than 5 mmHg. In the subjects initially labelled as "hypertensive", the effects of "regression to the mean" were apparent both in the short-term evaluation (five months) and, more importantly, after four years of follow-up. In the latter case, the decreases were more remarkable in the first year but continued to show until the third year.These findings suggest that a "controlled" design is necessary not only in prospective clinical trials but also in community projects where the effects of an intervention on blood pressure are to be evaluated. PMID- 3488138 TI - Expression of a particular beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase isoenzyme in human haematopoietic leukemic cell-lines. AB - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and isoenzyme profiles were studied in myeloid, histiocytic, B-lymphoid, T-lymphoid and lymphoblastoid continuous cell lines in order to determine if N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzyme expression may help to distinguish among various types of leukemic proliferation. Total NAG activity in myeloid, histiocytic, erythroleukemic cell lines were higher than Burkitt's lymphoma derived cell lines (B-lymphoid), T- or lymphoblastoid cell lines. On chromatofocusing by PBE 94 coupled with an automated enzyme assay an intermediate (I) beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase form, eluting between forms B and A, was found in all leukemic and in Epstein-Barr virus infected lymphoblastoid cell lines analysed. The different profiles recorded, the expression of the I form and the different I/B ratios may be useful as markers of tumour proliferation. PMID- 3488139 TI - von Willebrand's disease prevents occlusive thrombosis in stenosed and injured porcine coronary arteries. AB - We studied the role of von Willebrand factor in coronary thrombosis in normal, heterozygous, and homozygous von Willebrand's disease pigs by producing coronary stenosis with a Goldblatt clamp positioned around the left anterior descending coronary artery. Flow velocity was assessed by a 20-MHz Doppler velocity probe distal to the Goldblatt clamp. Myocardial extracellular potassium levels were measured by potassium-sensitive electrodes in myocardium supplied by the left anterior descending artery. Whereas stenosis sufficient to block reactive hyperemia to a 20-second occlusion produced an elevation of myocardial extracellular potassium, it produced neither spontaneous cyclic flow reductions nor permanent cessation of coronary blood flow velocity. Injury of the coronary artery at the stenosis site with spring-loaded forceps produced cyclic flow reductions or permanent cessation of flow in eight of nine phenotypically normal pigs. On the other hand, flow variations occurred in none of the 10 von Willebrand's disease pigs, including four given purified von Willebrand factor at a dose that failed to correct the bleeding time (p less than 0.001, chi 2 test). Permanent cessation of flow was caused by an occlusive platelet-fibrin-red-blood cell thrombus. Scanning electron micrographs from pigs with cyclic flow variations and from von Willebrand's disease pigs showed injured endothelium covered by adherent platelets, red and white blood cells, and fibrin. These data suggest an important role of native von Willebrand factor in sudden occlusive arterial thrombosis following stenosis and intimal injury. PMID- 3488141 TI - A competitive ELISA technique for the measurement of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) using staphylococcal protein A peroxidase. AB - A competitive ELISA technique for measurement of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) using Staphylococcal Protein A peroxidase is described. The standard used in this assay is partially purified Factor VIII:C/vWF which has been standardized against a conventional method (electroimmunoassay). The results show a close correlation (correlation coefficient 0.956) as compared to the standard Laurell electroimmunoassay technique. Inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The technique is simple to perform and results may be obtained within three hours of specimen collection. PMID- 3488140 TI - Effects of propranolol and nifedipine on exercise-induced attack in patients variant angina: assessment by exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative rotational tomography. AB - To examine the effects of propranolol and nifedipine on exercise-induced attack in patients with variant angina, exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative analysis by emission-computed tomography was performed in 20 patients with variant angina after oral propranolol (80 mg), nifedipine (20 mg), and placebo. Exercise-induced attack occurred in 11 patients on placebo, in 14 on propranolol, and in none on nifedipine. The exercise duration was significantly shorter in those on propranolol (p less than .05), but significantly longer in patients on nifedipine (p less than .05) than in those on placebo. The peak rate pressure product was significantly lower in patients on propranolol (p less than .01), but did not change in those on nifedipine, as compared with that in patients on placebo. The size of the perfusion defect as measured by 201Tl tomography was significantly greater in patients on propranolol (p less than .05), but significantly less in those on nifedipine (p less than .01) than in those on placebo. In conclusion, propranolol does not suppress but rather may aggravate exercise-induced attack in patients with variant angina, while nifedipine suppresses it. This unfavorable effect of propranolol on exercise induced attack in patients with variant angina is likely to be due to a reduction of regional myocardial blood flow. PMID- 3488142 TI - Warfarin administration increases uric acid concentrations in plasma. AB - The effect of warfarin administration on plasma uric acid was investigated. A representative sample of patients on long-term warfarin treatment had a significantly higher concentration of uric acid in plasma than did age-matched patients with comparable plasma urea concentrations who were not taking warfarin. In women, this association was observed only in patients with normal values for plasma urea, not in those with high values. In contrast, in men this association was present in both groups (normal and high plasma urea). In a longitudinal study involving patients, their plasma uric acid significantly increased after warfarin administration. There was no significant change in the renal clearance of uric acid after a single dose of warfarin in normal, healthy volunteers; this contrasts with the increase observed with other coumarin anticoagulants. Our findings suggest that the increase in plasma uric acid noted with warfarin administration is probably due to an increase in uric acid production and may predispose to gout those patients who are on long-term therapy with warfarin. PMID- 3488144 TI - Rapid determination of the p-aminobenzoic acid excretion index in urine without use of radioactivity. PMID- 3488143 TI - Increase in serum osteocalcin concentration is a slow indicator of therapeutic effect in children treated for somatotropin deficiency. PMID- 3488145 TI - Vestibular hyperreactivity and hyperventilation. AB - In a group of 26 patients with a hyperventilation syndrome, 77% showed vestibular hyperreactivity of velocity step responses, mostly due to an increase in gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), apparent from an increase in initial velocity, but also due to an increase in the time constant. Similar effects were found among 11 normal subjects after forced hyperventilation. In another group of 44 patients whose primary complaint was dizziness and who showed vestibular hyperreactivity without having any other demonstrable abnormality, a hyperventilation syndrome was found in 75%. This suggests that the velocity step test without hyperventilation provocation is a useful test for the detection of a hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 3488146 TI - Increased myelopoiesis during Leishmania major infection in mice: generation of 'safe targets', a possible way to evade the effector immune mechanism. AB - BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to Leishmania major infection and develop a disseminated lethal disease. Previous experiments indicate that during infection the spleen is heavily populated with large mononuclear cells containing amastigotes. Morphologically these cells resemble undifferentiated monocytes and granulocytes. In this study we examined myelopoiesis in BALB/c and C57BL/6 (resistant) mice during infection with L. major. The number of macrophage granulocyte precursors in the spleen of infected BALB/c mice, determined by colony forming units in soft-agar cultures (cfu-c), increased steadily to a level of about 60 times that of normal sex- and age-matched controls. In C57BL/6 mice, spleen cfu-c peaked at about 1 month post-infection (four times that of normal controls) and declined thereafter to about two times normal levels. The number of cfu-c in the bone marrow did not change significantly in either strain during the infection. Colony stimulating activity (CSA) was found in supernates of cultures of adherent cells from the spleen of infected BALB/c mice. Under the same conditions, CSA was non-detectable in supernates of nonadherent spleen cells of infected mice, and those of adherent or nonadherent spleen cells of control animals. A possible role of undifferentiated macrophage-granulocytes in the exquisite susceptibility of BALB/c mice to L. major infection is discussed. PMID- 3488147 TI - Studies of an interleukin 1 inhibitor: characterization and clinical significance. AB - Supernatants from 24 h cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were fractionated and tested for interleukin (IL-1) activity in the mouse thymocyte assay with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). By the addition of individual supernatant fractions together with partially purified IL-1 to the thymocyte assay, we demonstrate the presence of strong inhibitory activity with a mol. wt of 5,000-9,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.5-5.6. The activity is both heat (56 degrees C) and acid (pH 1.5) resistant. This inhibitor has no detectable suppressive effect on optimal and suboptimal concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and PHA responses of PBMNC. The action of the inhibitor appears to be specifically directed against IL-1 action on thymocytes and has no inhibitory effect on interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity. The findings show that adherent PBMNC produce both IL-1 and a factor which opposes IL-1 action on thymocytes but not on peripheral (mature) T cells. This factor may regulate T cell maturation, activation, and proliferation. PMID- 3488148 TI - Human peripheral blood B cell subpopulations: surface IgD+ cells respond to pokeweed mitogen with plasma cell differentiation. AB - Human peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells were depleted of T cells and subsequently of monocytes by counterflow centrifugation. The resulting B cell enriched fraction contained less than 3% T cells, 1 +/- 1% monocytes and 71 +/- 6% B cells. Approximately 56% of the B cells carried surface IgM (sIgM) and sIgD, the remaining 44% carried only one isotype (IgG, IgA, IgM or IgD). Using anti delta or anti-mu-coated Ox red blood cells (OxRBC) the B cell enriched fraction was separated into a sIgD+ or sIgM+ and sIgD- or sIgM- fraction. The sIgD+ as well as the sIgM+ fraction responded (partially) to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) with plasma cell differentiation into cytoplasmic IgM (cIgM) containing cells. Cytoplasmic IgD+ cells were occasionally found in the sIgD+ or sIgM- fraction, but never in the sIgM+ fraction. Cells containing cIgG or cIgA were only found after stimulation of the sIgM- or sIgD- fraction, the latter also produced cIgM+ cells. In a second separation step of the sIgD- and sIgM- fraction with anti alpha or anti-gamma-coated OxRBC it was shown that the cIgA+ and cIgG+ cells were derived from B cells expressing only sIgA or sIgG respectively. In conclusion, two major B cell subpopulations can be found in PB: a sIgM+D+ fraction, which gives rise to only cIgM+ plasma cells after PWM stimulation and a second population of B cells which express one heavy-chain isotype on their surface. These cells not only differentiate on PWM stimulation, but they also show a strong proliferative response. PMID- 3488151 TI - Interleukin-2 production in response to phytohemagglutinin is not necessarily dependent upon the T3-mediated pathway of T-cell activation. AB - The present study was designed to investigate whether heterogeneity exists in the requirement for T3 molecules in the mechanism of T-cell activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) release by IL-2-producing T-cell clones. Clones were derived from peripheral blood by a culture system which allows clonal expansion of essentially all T lymphocytes or from mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) activated T cell population. IL-2-producing clones were selected and cell aliquots treated with anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to induce modulation of T3 surface molecules. Although stimulation of modulated clones with different anti-T3 mAb did not lead to IL-2 production, 4/39 of these clones produced IL-2 after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The ability of these clones to be activated by PHA could not be explained by incomplete T3 modulation. In addition, two alloreactive clones were isolated from MLC population in which modulation of T3 antigens abrogated the IL-2 production induced by either anti-T2 mAb or allogeneic stimulation but had no effect on PHA-induced IL-2 release. These data further support the concept that PHA may trigger some T cells via surface molecules that are independent from the T3-Ti cell receptor molecular complex. PMID- 3488150 TI - Phenotypical characteristics and proliferative capabilities of thymocyte subsets in human thymoma. AB - The phenotypical and functional characteristics of the lymphoid component present in ten human thymomas have been analyzed. Thymomas were classified according to the predominant epithelial cell type present in the neoplastic gland. In thymomas of the cortical type a large proportion, clearly higher than that present in mixed thymomas, of T6-positive lymphocytes was present. This T6 subset did not proliferate to mitogen but contained almost all thymocytes able to spontaneously proliferate. Higher proportions of T3-positive cells were found in mixed types of thymomas than in cortical-type tumors. This T3+ subset responded to mitogen stimulation and constituted the more mature intrathymic pool. Surprisingly we identified in thymomas a further subset, lacking the cortical and medullary markers T6 and T3, capable of responding to mitogen. The occurrence of higher proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the unfractionated population of cells from mixed thymomas than in the cells of cortical thymomas was judged to be attributable to the relatively higher content of both T3 positive and T3, T6-negative thymocytes in the former. Unlike T6+ thymocytes, T3 T6- as well as T3+ cells were practically devoid of spontaneous proliferative capacity. The expansion of the intrathymic lymphoid component in human thymomas should then be considered to be attributable to the "spontaneous" proliferative capacity of the T6+ cell pool. In this respect, cortical thymomas not only contained more T6+ cells than the mixed type but also exhibited a higher lymphocyte/epithelial cell ratio and more frequent mitotic figures. PMID- 3488149 TI - T cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus: normal production of and responsiveness to interleukin 2. AB - To investigate the role of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mononuclear cells (MNC) of 68 SLE patients were tested for their ability to produce and also to respond to IL-2. Cells were collected monthly over an one year period. IL-2 production by MNC was measured under various conditions after optimal and suboptimal stimulation. Although we found a large variation in IL-2 production by individual MNC preparations no statistical significant differences were found between normal and SLE cells. To study IL-2 responsiveness, proliferation of MNC was studied under conditions where endogenous IL-2 production is limiting. Addition of IL-2 resulted in a four- to eight-fold enhancement of proliferative responses. However also in this respect no differences were found between SLE patients and healthy controls. Thus, in this group of SLE patients no abnormalities in IL-2 production or response could be demonstrated. PMID- 3488152 TI - Nephrotic syndrome due to isolated minimal change glomerular disease in a patient taking pirprofen. PMID- 3488153 TI - C5a receptor modulation on neutrophils and monocytes from chronic hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. AB - Chronic renal failure patients have an increased risk for infection which may partially be due to altered chemotactic ability of their white blood cells. This study was designed to evaluate chemotactic factor and Fc receptor expression on neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes from chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Analysis of these receptors was performed using flow cytometry and fluorescent chemotactic factors (C5a, f-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys [fMLPL] and casein) and heat-aggregated human IgG. Peripheral blood PMN and monocytes obtained from 14 HD patients (in the predialysis period) and 14 CAPD patients were analyzed for their ability to bind each of the fluoresceinated ligands. PMN and monocytes from both patient groups had a significant reduction in their ability to bind C5a. The average percentage (+/- s.e.m.) of PMN that bound C5a was 93.9 +/- 1.1 for the controls, 72.9 +/- 3.8 for HD patients, and 79.3 +/- 4.0 for CAPD patients. Similar results were obtained with monocytes with 69.7 +/- 1.9% for controls, 54.6 +/- 4.5% for HD patients, and 31.0 +/- 4.5% for CAPD patients. These differences in C5a binding were also reflected in the average intensity of fluorescence. There was no significant difference in the percentage or fluorescence intensity of PMN or monocytes that bound casein or aggregated IgG when either group of dialysis patients was compared to the control values. Binding of fMLPL by PMN and monocytes from the HD patients and PMN from the CAPD patients were similar to control values but the binding of fMLPL by monocytes from CAPD patients was significantly suppressed (p less than 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488155 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: relation to HLA-DR2 and rheumatoid factors. AB - During a Swiss multicenter study on HLA-antigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the patients sera were tested for cytotoxic, complement fixing antibodies against autologous B- and T-lymphocytes (LCA). LCA were found in about 25% of the patients. Anti-B and cold-reacting LCA were more frequent than were anti-T and LCA reacting at 37 degrees. Most patients with anti-B had anti-T LCA as well. Among patients with LCA, 46.4% had the HLA-DR2 antigen as opposed to 21.2% of the patients without such antibodies (p = 0.0004). There was no difference between the two groups in regard to the other HLA-DR antigens. The patients with LCA had higher titers of rheumatoid factors and of antinuclear antibodies than those without these antibodies. There was no significant difference between the patients with LCA and those without in regard to severity of disease (radiological stage in relation to duration of disease), extra-articular involvement, the amount of circulating immune complexes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. PMID- 3488154 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis and rheumatic diseases: a clinical, immunological and immunogenetical study. AB - Clinical investigation of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) patients showed an elevated frequency of rheumatic disorders, as well as their frequent appearance in asymptomatic PBC. Anticentromere region antibodies in PBC patients were pathognomonic for concomitant complete or incomplete CREST syndrome. These antibodies were only found on the HEp2 cell substrate. The constant finding of immune-complexes (IC) with IgM antibody component suggests that they play a role in the pathogenesis of PBC. No statistically significant correlation was found between the amount and classes of circulating IC, HLA class I antigens and rheumatic disorders during PBC. PMID- 3488156 TI - Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3488157 TI - Subacromial impingement syndrome in hereditary multiple exostoses. AB - An unusual cause of subacromial pain was observed in a 32-year-old woman with multiple exostoses. The pain was the direct result of the mechanical impingement syndrome from these exostoses. Hereditary multiple exostoses should be investigated systematically, because many other, more common pain-producing conditions are possible. Secondary malignant degeneration of one of the cartilaginous coverings of the exostoses is very rare. PMID- 3488158 TI - Gentamicin-induced ototoxicity complicating treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. AB - Ototoxicity, though a significant disabling complication of aminoglycoside antibiotic therapy, is monitored infrequently. Chronic osteomyelitis patients treated with an aminoglycoside are in a group at higher risk due to the length of therapy and large total dose of drug required for treatment. Serum levels of gentamicin should be maintained within therapeutic ranges but below toxic levels. Gentamicin ototoxicity is vestibular in two thirds of patients and cochlear in one third. One half of the patients with cochlear toxicity also have vestibular symptoms. Symptoms are often vague, insidious in onset, and masked by the critical presentation of the primary infectious process. Symptoms may occur immediately upon initiation of therapy, any time during the course of treatment, or after administration has been completed. The development of toxicity should be monitored on a regular basis by specifically asking the patient whether there has been any subjective hearing loss, ear fullness, tinnitus, or vertigo supplemented by pretreatment and follow-up audiogram and electronystagmogram (ENG). Therapy should be discontinued at the first sign of alteration of cochlear or vestibular function. Ototoxic recovery occurs in only about 50% of the patients affected. PMID- 3488159 TI - [Positron emission tomographic localization left-sided unilateral spatial agnosia]. PMID- 3488162 TI - Pretreatment dental assessment and management of patients undergoing head and neck irradiation. PMID- 3488160 TI - SPECT in gallium imaging in a patient with metastatic melanoma. AB - Gallium imaging may play an important role in both initial evaluation and in follow-up in patients with metastatic melanoma. We present a case where the patient had gallium-avid metastatic melanoma. SPECT proved helpful in the initial evaluation. PMID- 3488161 TI - Rapid regress of leukoplakia of the palate. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3488163 TI - Modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedure for easy identification of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens. AB - Much effort is being expended to detect and to characterize the multiplicity of antibodies directed against extractable nuclear antigens in connective tissue diseases. Hemagglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis are highly sensitive but lack specificity and must be followed by double diffusion. Double diffusion, however, suffers from lack of sensitivity and often from lack of clarity for interpretation of the resulting precipitin lines. We describe here a modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedure utilizing offsetting wells, followed by diffusion, which provides the clarity of precipitin lines for easy interpretation as well as overnight interpretation and the use of small amounts of reagents. PMID- 3488164 TI - Embolisation in small bowel haemorrhage. AB - As embolism of small bowel arteries carries the risk of bowel infarction, the technique is usually reserved for situations where a vasopressin infusion has failed to control bleeding. We report three cases in which embolisation was used as the primary treatment to control small bowel haemorrhage without the complication of bowel infarction. PMID- 3488166 TI - Comparative investigations on vitamin A level of plasma in some rheumatic diseases. AB - The vitamin A levels in the plasma of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, spondylosis, ankylosing hyperostosis (whether or not connected with diabetes) were investigated. Somatically healthy neurotic patients and patients suffering from diabetes without rheumatological problems served as controls. It was found that the retinol level of plasma decreased in patients of both sexes suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and clinically active ankylosing spondylitis, but increased in female patients suffering from ankylosing hyperostosis connected with diabetes, and also in the diabetes group. The retinyl-esters content of plasma decreased in the rheumatoid arthritis group and increased in female patients suffering from spondylosis and in the clinically inactive ankylosing spondylitis group. The total vitamin A content changed only in the rheumatoid arthritis group where a lower level was found compared to a somatically healthy control group. PMID- 3488165 TI - IgM antiplatelet antibodies in 7 out of 20 rheumatoid arthritis sera. A new antiplatelet antibody ELISA. Reverse correlation with anti-B-lymphocyte antibodies in the same sera. AB - In a previous work, we had found that anti-B lymphocyte antibodies exist in rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate whether these antibodies were directed against surface immunoglobulins or not we have investigated if RA sera could recognize similar structures on other targets such as platelets (on which immunoglobulins and immune complexes are present) by a new ELISA method. No IgG antiplatelet antibody was found in 20 RA sera. But 7 out of these 20 RA sera had IgM antiplatelet antibodies when tested on platelets from 5 donors. The comparison of the positivities of these sera on B lymphocytes and platelets from the same donors showed a statistically significant reverse (X2 = 20,008, p much less than 0.0001) correlation. The target antigen and the meaning of these IgM antiplatelet antibodies, which seem to be associated with severe RA, is still under investigation. PMID- 3488168 TI - Screening tests for Sezary cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - Blood samples from normal individuals (n = 7), from patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas (Sezary syndrome = 7; mycosis fungoides = 18) and from patients with chronic benign skin disease (n = 8) were examined for the presence of Sezary cells. The samples were analysed using a Coulter model S Plus IV with a three Cell Population upgrade, and a Becton Dickinson FACS analyser; and the results were compared with those obtained from morphological examination of peripheral blood films. Using the FACS analyser a population of aneuploid cells was only identified in two out of eight patients with confirmed circulating Sezary cells. This was in contrast to the results from the Coulter S Plus IV which detected an abnormality in six out of the eight samples with confirmed circulating Sezary cells. These results indicate that leukocyte volume analysis is a useful, additional screening tool for the identification of Sezary cells. PMID- 3488169 TI - [Therapy of hemorrhage caused by the rupture of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3488170 TI - The stress-pain connection: some historical considerations and new directions. PMID- 3488167 TI - Familial concurrence of pauciarticular syndrome and systemic sclerosis. AB - We observed a sibship of two children who had the syndrome of early-onset pauciarticular arthritis with anti-nuclear antibodies; their paternal grandmother died of progressive systemic sclerosis. Since the early-onset pauciarticular syndrome is very rare or non-existent in adults, the findings in this kindred pair raise the possibility that this disorder and adult systemic sclerosis may share some genetic or other etiological factors. PMID- 3488171 TI - DNase I-like activity and actin content in the liver of some vertebrates. AB - Total actin content and F:G actin ratio were determined in the liver cytosol of fish, frogs and mouse by measurements of inhibition of exogenous crystalline bovine pancreatic DNase I. Endogenous DNase I-like activity, was found in all examined livers after electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent enzyme renaturation. It is concluded that DNase I-like enzymes occur in the liver cytosol in a latent form, probably bound to cytoplasmic actin. PMID- 3488172 TI - Intracranial histiocytosis X: a case report. AB - A case of intracranial histiocytosis X that presented radiologically with thickening of the pituitary stalk is presented. The radiologic findings, including a blush seen on angiography, are described. PMID- 3488173 TI - Susceptibility of human T cells, T-cell subsets, and B cells to cryopreservation. AB - We have studied the number of viable and functionally active T and B lymphocytes obtainable after cryopreservation to determine the best and most practical way to recover the maximal number of viable and functionally active cells. Assays were done on purified populations of human T and B cells recovered after cryopreservation. The results were compared to those obtained from similar types of cells fractionated from fresh and from cryopreserved mononuclear cells. The number of viable T cells recovered after cryopreservation was significantly lower than the number of viable T cells obtained from either fresh or cryopreserved mononuclear cells. The residual viable T cells recovered after cryopreservation showed significantly reduced blastogenic activity in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. This occurred despite their normal blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and their normal ability to help B cells in the production of immunoglobulins following PWM stimulation. The reduction in the blastogenic responses of these T cells to PWM stimulation is attributed to the loss of a portion of the PWM responding subset of T cells. The loss in this subset of T cells was related to the exposure of cells to ammonium chloride prior to cryopreservation. The viability and functional abilities of B cells were not affected regardless of whether purification was done before or after cryopreservation. These findings indicate that extrinsic membrane damage to T cells induced prior to cryopreservation can affect the viability and responsiveness of a certain population of normal T cells. The damage can be minimized by reversing the sequence of T-cell isolation and freezing so that isolation of T cells is done after, rather than before, freezing. These results could be important in the study of T cells from patients with T-cell abnormalities, since the patients' cells could have an intrinsic membrane defect which would make them sensitive to freezing similar to that induced by extrinsic damage. PMID- 3488174 TI - Thinking critically about the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. PMID- 3488175 TI - The coronary sinus is the superior route for cardioplegia delivery in hearts with multivessel coronary artery lesions. PMID- 3488176 TI - The context of T cell receptor beta chain genes among wild and inbred mouse species. PMID- 3488177 TI - Beta-lactamase stability and in vitro activity of aztreonam, with a comparison to 9 other beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin. AB - The antibacterial activity of aztreonam, 9 other beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin was tested in vitro on 383 recently isolated bacteria. The activity of aztreonam against the gram-negative bacteria is similar to the activity of the 3rd generation cephalosporins and gentamicin. With regard to beta-lactamase stability only PSE-2 out of 14 plasmid mediated beta-lactamases and K-1 out of 2 chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases could hydrolyze aztreonam. With its beta lactamase stability, high antibacterial activity and narrow-spectrum aztreonam seems to be a valuable addition to the antibiotic arsenal. PMID- 3488178 TI - [Lymph fistulae following lymph node dissections--prevention and treatment using fibrin gluing]. AB - The fibrin sealing was employed in connection with lymph node dissections - on one hand intraoperatively in order to avoid lymph fistulae (n = 26), on the other hand postoperatively in treatment of manifest lymph fistulae (n = 9). Thereby lymph fistulae could be avoided in 96.2% (n = 25) resp. a quick successful treatment of the lymph fistulae could be achieved in 7 of 9 cases (77%). On the average a quantity of 1 ml of fibrin sealant was sufficient; a high concentration of aprotinin (3500 IU) and thrombin (500 IU) was chosen. No side effects on part of the fibrin sealing were noted. PMID- 3488179 TI - Biochemistry of macrophages. The first line of defence: chairman's introduction. PMID- 3488180 TI - Flow cytometric measurement of cytoplasmic pH: a critical evaluation of available fluorochromes. AB - Three pH-sensitive fluorochromes-4-methyl-umbelliferone(4MU),2, 3-dicyano hydroquinone (DCH), and 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxy fluorescein (BCECF)- were evaluated for their resolution, range, and stability of cellular fluorescence. Flow cytometric techniques for determining cytoplasmic pH (pHi) have been fully described for 4MU and DCH; BCECF has previously been used for fluorimetric estimation of pHi, and was adapted to flow cytometry. For each fluorochrome, the ratio of fluorescence intensity at two wavelengths gives a measure of pHi, which may be calibrated by obtaining the fluorescence ratios for cells suspended in buffers of varying pH in the presence of a proton ionophore. Reliable calibration proved difficult using 4MU, partly because of poor retention within cells. Both DCH and BCECF could be calibrated using a fluorescence ratio and had resolutions of 0.2 and 0.4 pH units, respectively. The fluorescence of DCH is so strongly pH dependent that there were practical difficulties in its use over a wide pH range; however, pHi measurements are possible between pH 6.0 and pH 7.5 using either DCH or BCECF. Substantial dye leakage was found for 4MU and, to a lesser extent, DCH, while BCECF was retained by cells for up to 2 hours. Despite its lower resolution BCECF had a usable range of more than 1.5 pH units and this coupled with its stable fluorescence and excitation at 488 nm rather than UV suggests a wide application. PMID- 3488181 TI - Can peripheral T-cell lymphomas be morphologically subclassified? A morphometric approach to 21 cases. AB - Morphometric analysis of nuclear sizes and shapes was carried out on semithin sections of lymph node for 21 patients suffering from non-Hodgkin's peripheral T cell malignant lymphoma (ML) (excluding mycosis and Sezary syndrome). Twenty cases of B-cell ML and three cases of Sezary syndrome with massive lymph node infiltration were also studied as references. Wright and Isaacson's recent proposals were applied to classify the peripheral T-cell MLs into monomorphic medium-cell ML (eight cases), pleomorphic ML (nine cases), and monomorphic large cell ML (four cases). These three classes were readily distinguishable by morphometric analysis of nuclear sizes. Nuclear areas and their coefficients of variation were higher in pleomorphic MLs than in monomorphic medium-cell MLs (p less than 0.01). Large-cell monomorphic MLs were set apart by the histograms of their nuclear sizes. The mitoses were evaluated on histological sections and found to be more numerous in pleomorphic ML than in monomorphic medium-cell ML (p less than 0.05). Nuclear irregularity in the 21 cases of peripheral T-cell ML was lower than in Sezary cells. Morphometry clearly demonstrates the morphological distinctiveness of the subclasses of peripheral T-cell ML. Their biological significance has yet to be determined. PMID- 3488182 TI - Typhoid colitis with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. An unexpected behavior of Salmonella typhi. AB - Three cases of salmonella colitis with massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage are presented. The patients had fever, diarrhea, and abundant hematochezia; blood and bone marrow cultures were positive for Salmonella typhi. Because of bleeding, all patients underwent hemicolectomy; previous mesenteric arteriograms showed the colonic hemorrhagic sites. The pathologic and radiologic findings are described. PMID- 3488183 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gastroduodenal vascular malformations. Incidence, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Within a two-year period, 12 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastroduodenal vascular malformations were admitted to a specialized intensive care unit. They represented 2.1% of all admissions for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and 3.7% of those with severe hemorrhage (greater than or equal to 2 units of blood transfused). Early endoscopy was nondiagnostic during the first bleeding episode in all nine patients with nonhereditary vascular malformations; the diagnosis was eventually made after relapsing hemorrhage by repeat endoscopy in five patients, angiography in two, and histology in another two. These nine patients accounted for 23.6% of all cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding considered to be of unknown origin after initial work-up. The remaining three patients had Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, and the first endoscopy was diagnostic in all of them. Emergency treatment was required for 11 patients; surgery was undertaken in seven, and transendoscopic therapy (electrocoagulation or endoscopic clipping) in four. There was a 25% mortality rate. No further bleeding has occurred in eight patients after a mean follow-up period of two years. Gastroduodenal vascular malformations are a more frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding than heretofore recognized, especially in patients whose hemorrhage is deemed to be of unknown origin after an initial work-up. Endoscopy, which may need to be repeated, is the most rewarding diagnostic procedure. Awareness of their possible existence facilitates endoscopic recognition. When available, transendoscopic therapy is a good choice to stop active bleeding from such lesions. PMID- 3488186 TI - Vascular ectasias of the colon--1986. PMID- 3488184 TI - Bipolar electrocoagulation versus Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation for upper gastrointestinal bleeding lesions. AB - Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation may be useful for controlling upper gastrointestinal bleeding or preventing rebleeding from ulcers with visible vessels. To determine if one of these methods is superior to the other, data from a small randomized trial and from a nonrandomized experience were evaluated. Altogether, 33 patients underwent 37 coagulation sessions; 19 of the patients were randomized (8 laser and 11 bipolar). In the randomized group, 47.4% had no rebleeding after therapy (laser = 37.5% and bipolar = 54.5%, P greater than 0.1). In the nonrandomized group 56.8% had no further bleeding. Eleven (33%) of the patients required surgery. No patients died of bleeding or complications related to the study. From these data and those in the literature, it is concluded that the Nd-YAG laser and the bipolar coagulator are equally effective for the treatment of solitary upper gastrointestinal bleeding lesions. Since the bipolar unit is cheaper and more easily transported than the laser unit, it may be the method of choice for cauterizing upper gastrointestinal sources until a more effective method is developed. PMID- 3488187 TI - Congenital stationary night blindness with myopia: a clinico-pathologic study. AB - The left eye of a 77 year old male patient was enucleated because of absolute glaucoma. This eye showed subnormal electroretinogram (ERG) and oscillatory potentials preoperatively, but the other eye showed Schubert-Bornschein type ERG and monophasic dark adaptation curve. Light and electron microscopic studies of the left eye showed a normal arrangement of discs of rod outer segments, normal synaptic ends of the photoreceptors, and complete loss of ganglion cells. From the subnormal ERG in the left eye we assumed it was originally Schubert Bornschein type ERG but inverted to subnormal type ERG following the loss of inhibitory mechanisms. Thus we propose that the cause of night blindness in congenital stationary cases with Schubert-Bornschein type ERG may be related to the mechanisms inhibitory to cells of the bipolar layer. PMID- 3488185 TI - Correlation of trypsin-plasma inhibitor complexes with mortality in experimental pancreatitis in rats. AB - Activation of trypsinogen in acute pancreatitis results in subsequent increases in plasma levels of trypsin bound to the inhibitors alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and alpha-macroglobulin (alpha-M). It seems logical to speculate that plasma levels of these inhibitor-bound forms of trypsin may reflect the degree of intrapancreatic zymogen activation and that determination of such parameters may be of diagnostic and prognostic value. In order to test this hypothesis, the concentrations of trypsinogen and of trypsin bound to alpha 1-PI have been determined in serial plasma samples from rats who died (N = 7) and survived (N = 5) following induction of pancreatitis with taurocholate. Since the other major reaction product of active trypsin in plasma, alpha-macroglobulin bound trypsin, cannot be measured directly, the plasma levels of trypsin-like amidase activity were determined to estimate the concentration of trypsin-alpha-M complex. Shortly after induction of pancreatitis, elevated levels of trypsinogen were present in plasma, but no alpha 1-PI-bound trypsin could be detected. Trypsin-alpha 1-PI complex continuously increased over the time course of pancreatitis in animals that died. In contrast, the plasma levels of trypsin alpha 1-PI complex were lower in animals that survived, peaked around 15 hr postinduction at levels (182 +/- 53 ng/ml) significantly lower than those in dying animals (543 +/- 346 ng/ml), and fell during the following 48 hr. There was a significant correlation between plasma trypsin-like amidase activity and plasma alpha 1-PI-bound trypsin. Our data demonstrate that the concentration of activated forms of plasma trypsin in the bloodstream are correlated with mortality in experimental pancreatitis. PMID- 3488189 TI - The incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory infections. AB - The incidence of Branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory infections at City Hospital, Edinburgh from January 1981 to April 1984 is described. Beginning in January 1982 there was an increased incidence associated with a high proportion of beta-lactamase-producing strains. The number of these strains increased: from January 1981 to April 1983, 61% of strains produced beta-lactamase, and 83% produced beta-lactamase from January to April 1984. 53% of patients were infected in hospital. Environmental studies showed that 7% of staff and 8% of patients were carriers; there was also circumstantial evidence of ward and patient-to patient infection. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 54 clinical strains was tested: all strains were resistant to trimethoprim but were susceptible to clavulanic acid plus amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, cefotaxime and cefuroxime. beta-Lactamase-negative strains were uniformly susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin. PMID- 3488188 TI - Incidence of Branhamella catarrhalis in the sputa of patients with chronic lung disease. AB - The incidence of Branhamella catarrhalis in the respiratory tract of adults, especially in the United States, is not known. During the 30-month period from January 1983 to June 1985, 4180 sputum and endotracheal samples from patients in a hospital for chest diseases were evaluated. All samples were acceptable for Gram-stain analysis and/or culture based on published cellular criteria. Using primarily Gram-stain directed cultures, 220 isolates of B. catarrhalis were identified in 180 patients, being present in 5.3% of all sputum cultures and 11.5% of those positive for a pathogen. B. catarrhalis was the fourth most common pathogen identified. It was found in pure culture (124) and mixed culture (96), the latter usually in association with Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Of the 220 B. catarrhalis isolates, 158 (71.8%) were positive for beta-lactamase. The number and incidence of B. catarrhalis varied, with the organism being most prevalent during the winter months. Despite its frequent presence in sputum, B. catarrhalis was not recovered from pleural fluid or blood during the same period. This study demonstrates the frequent presence of B. catarrhalis in the sputum of adults with chronic lung disease, although the role of this organism as a pathogen was not determined. PMID- 3488191 TI - Therapy of acute otitis media caused by Branhamella catarrhalis. Preliminary report. AB - Since 1980, we have observed an increased incidence of otitis media caused by Branhamella catarrhalis. The outcome of therapy of acute otitis media caused by this organism has been studied in a number of randomised clinical trials. 75% of isolates produced beta-lactamase. Failure to sterilise B. catarrhalis-infected middle ear exudates occurred in 3 of 11 patients treated with amoxycillin or bacampicillin, 2 of 19 treated with cefaclor, but in no patients treated with co trimoxazole (n = 10) or amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin), [n = 9]. All treatment failures were associated with beta-lactamase-producing strains of B. catarrhalis. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of B. catarrhalis in acute otitis media indicates the need for a re-evaluation of initial antibiotic therapy of this infection. This may be particularly true for areas where there is a high incidence of strains which elaborate beta-lactamase. PMID- 3488192 TI - Acute otitis media in Sweden. Role of Branhamella catarrhalis and the rationale for choice of antimicrobial therapy. AB - The occurrence of Branhamella catarrhalis in the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate was investigated in 3 studies. Bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 63% of 180 healthy children and B. catarrhalis, the most common bacterium present, was isolated in 36%. In 75 children with primary acute otitis media, bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 98% and from the middle ear exudate in 80%. B. catarrhalis was found in the nasopharynx in 43% and in the middle ear exudate in pure culture in 9%. In those children in whom B. catarrhalis was isolated from the middle ear exudate it was also present in the nasopharynx. In 420 children, 338 with primary acute otitis media and 82 who relapsed or did not respond to previous antibiotic therapy, B. catarrhalis was isolated from the nasopharynx in approximately 50%. About half of the B. catarrhalis strains were beta-lactamase-producing and the majority of these strains were isolated in children under 3 years of age. Of children with primary acute otitis media who had beta-lactamase-producing B. catarrhalis about 50% had not previously received antibiotic treatment. B. catarrhalis is commonly found in the nasopharynx of healthy children as well as in children with acute otitis media. Many of the strains are beta-lactamase-producing though many of the children have not been previously treated with antibiotics. In middle ear exudate, B. catarrhalis is found in about 10% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488190 TI - Upper respiratory tract infections. Ecological and therapeutic aspects of beta lactamase production with special reference to Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - Available data indicate that the most common beta-lactamase produced by Branhamella catarrhalis is plasmid mediated. The same enzyme occurs in Moraxella nonliquefaciens, a commensal in the upper respiratory tract. The ability to produce the enzyme, which is known as BRO-1, can be transferred by conjugation from M. nonliquefaciens to B. catarrhalis. Since the first beta-lactamase producing strains of B. catarrhalis appeared in 1977, the frequency of beta lactamase production has increased rapidly; figures as high as 76% have been reported. The plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase TEM-1 occurs in several species of the genus Haemophilus. While the frequency of beta-lactamase production in H. influenzae is reported to be 10-15%, the incidence is significantly higher in non pathogenic Haemophilus species. Both phenoxymethyl-penicillin and ampicillin promote the occurrence of beta-lactamase-producing strains, but the selective pressure exerted by ampicillin seems to be more pronounced. It may be possible to reduce the ecological effects of the penicillins by avoiding overdiagnosis of the most common bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, and by shortening the courses of antibiotic treatment. PMID- 3488193 TI - Sensitivity of Branhamella catarrhalis to oral antibiotics. AB - B. catarrhalis is a potential pathogen in the upper and lower respiratory tract which has been implicated as a clinically important cause of chronic bronchitis and otitis media in children. Since the late 1970s the proportion of B. catarrhalis strains elaborating beta-lactamase seems to have significantly increased; some centres are now reporting prevalence rates as high as 76%. Such a dramatic increase in the number of beta-lactamase positive strains is of clinical importance when assessing the indirect pathogenic potential of B. catarrhalis and when selecting suitable antimicrobial therapy. Early studies showed that B. catarrhalis was sensitive to penicillin V with a MIC90 of 1.2 mg/L while, more recently, MIC90 values of 2.0 mg/L have been noted. Ampicillin and, perhaps surprisingly, cefaclor are also inactivated by some beta-lactamase-producing strains of B. catarrhalis. A majority of strains of B. catarrhalis is susceptible to erythromycin (MIC90 0.15 to 0.5 mg/L) and tetracyclines (especially doxycycline, MIC90 0.25 to to 0.5 mg/L). Co-trimoxazole also seems to be effective against most isolates of B. catarrhalis whereas trimethoprim alone is relatively ineffective. PMID- 3488194 TI - Analysis of the relationship between ampicillin resistance and beta-lactamase production in Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - 23 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, mainly isolated from patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, were studied. The strains were selected on the basis of a positive beta-lactamase reaction using the cefinase disc or the nitrocefin method. No bands were visible by isoelectric focusing of the crude enzyme extracts of strains showing a weak positive reaction with the cefinase method. In the 15 remaining strains, at least 6 different isoelectric focusing patterns could be detected. Four strains showed a pattern similar to that of the Ravasio strain, the most common type in a previous study. The most prevalent type in this study, present in 5 strains, demonstrated an isoelectric focusing pattern quite different from those described so far: a main band at pI 5.28 and 2 minor bands at pI 5.71 and 6.37. Two beta-lactamase-positive, but ampicillin-sensitive strains (MIC = 0.064 mg/L) showed different isoelectric focusing patterns, pI = 4.93 and 5.43, respectively, but similar substrate profiles. PMID- 3488195 TI - Epidemiological and bacteriological findings on Branhamella catarrhalis respiratory infections in The Netherlands. AB - The frequency of isolation of Branhamella catarrhalis from sputum in a laboratory in the southern part of the Netherlands is reviewed; at present 23% of positive cultures contain these organisms. Seasonal variations include a considerable reduction in frequency of isolation in the summer months. The possible role of heavy industry and air pollution is briefly discussed. Evidence for the direct pathogenicity of B. catarrhalis is presented, and although this may be considered as only circumstantial it is still convincing, particularly in acute otitis media and in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease. The possibility of indirect pathogenicity through beta-lactamase production is discussed as is the evidence obtained by the use of several new antimicrobial agents which were subsequently shown to have been inappropriate. PMID- 3488196 TI - Classification of beta-lactamases from Branhamella catarrhalis in relation to penicillinases produced by other bacterial species. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis strains resistant to commonly used penicillins, and presently isolated, produce a beta-lactamase. Most of these enzymes are chromosomally mediated, but a plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase has been described (enzyme BRO-1). With reference to isoelectric points, 7 different enzymes have been identified: 6 chromosomally mediated and 1 plasmid-mediated. Nevertheless, they have many common properties, such as being biosynthesised constitutively but with a low level of production. They have a penicillinase-type profile, and are strongly inhibited by clavulanic acid. PMID- 3488197 TI - Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases from sputum and middle ear isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis recovered in the United States. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis obtained from the sputum of 146 patients with lower respiratory tract disease and from middle ear fluids of 26 children with otitis media were evaluated for beta-lactamase activity and the enzymes were characterised by isoelectric focusing (IEF). 71% (103 of 146) of the sputum isolates and 77% (20 of 26) of the ear isolates produced beta-lactamase. By IEF, the beta-lactamases of 113 of 123 (92%) strains revealed patterns identical with the Ravasio type strain, having unique enzyme bands at pIs of 6.4 and 6.65. The remaining 10 isolates (8%) produced patterns similar to the 1908 type strain with a unique band of activity having a pI of 6.55. In addition, the 1908 types revealed a band of minor enzyme activity with a pI of 7.55 that was absent from the Ravasio types. All strains tested shared major enzyme bands with pIs of 5.1, 5.3, 5.55 and 6.1. These results indicate that the most common beta-lactamase(s) produced by clinical isolates of B. catarrhalis in the United States are similar to those produced by the Belgian Ravasio type strain. PMID- 3488198 TI - Plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - The plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in Branhamella catarrhalis (BRO-1), also occurring in Moraxella nonliquefaciens, differs from other known plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria regarding substrate profile and isoelectric point. B. catarrhalis strains previously reported to produce beta lactamases deviating from BRO-1 were tested, and the beta-lactamases did not differ significantly from BRO-1 in substrate profile, isoelectric point or relative substrate affinity index (RSAI). Further investigations of strains of various geographic origin should be undertaken. RSAI seems to be a useful tool for screening of beta-lactamases in B. catarrhalis since values for a large number of strains can easily be determined. The previously reported conjugational transfer of BRO-1 production within species B. catarrhalis and from M. nonliquefaciens to B. catarrhalis was confirmed. Four bands of extrachromosomal DNA were regularly detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in beta-lactamase producing as well as in beta-lactamase-negative strains of B. catarrhalis and M. non-liquefaciens, provided that the excessive nuclease activity in the preparations was inhibited. PMID- 3488199 TI - Inhibition of the beta-lactamases of Branhamella catarrhalis by clavulanic acid and other inhibitors. AB - The beta-lactamases of Branhamella catarrhalis Ravasio and strain 1908 were readily inhibited by low concentrations of sulbactam, beta-halopenicillanic acids, MM 13902 and clavulanic acid. More detailed studies on the interaction of the Ravasio beta-lactamase with clavulanic acid demonstrated that the enzyme had high affinity for the inhibitor (Ki = 0.07 mumol/L) and was rapidly inhibited (t1/2 = 21 sec, kinhib. = 0.033/sec). Two types of enzyme-inhibitor complex were formed, a transiently stable species (t1/2 = 5.3 minutes at pH 7.3 and 37 degrees C) and a more stable species (t1/2 approximately equal to 2 hours at pH 7.3 and 37 degrees C). Irreversible inactivation of the enzyme was not achieved. Permeability studies on whole cells showed that beta-lactam antibiotics and beta lactamase inhibitors readily penetrated the outer membrane of B. catarrhalis. PMID- 3488200 TI - Inhibition of beta-lactamases in Branhamella catarrhalis. PMID- 3488201 TI - Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of Branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory infections. AB - The clinical significance of Branhamella catarrhalis in respiratory infections is evaluated. 175 strains were isolated, mainly from the sputum, in 71 patients with respiratory infections. B. catarrhalis was most frequently isolated in mixed infections with Haemophilus influenzae (38.3%), H. influenzae plus Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.3%) or S. pneumoniae (9.7%). The rate of isolation of B. catarrhalis alone was as low as 5.1% and from mixed infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter and/or Klebsiella species it was 36.6%. More than 10(7) cfu/ml of B. catarrhalis were isolated from 71.4% of cases. In 29 cases the organism was determined to be causative according to our criteria, most often in secondary infections in patients with complicated pneumoconiosis, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. 29 of 47 strains (61.7%) produced beta-lactamase of the penicillinase type. Against these strains, penicillin antibiotics and first and second generation cephalosporin antibiotics (except cefroxadine) showed weak activity compared with their activity against non-beta-lactamase-producing strains. The third generation cephalosporins showed a uniform spectrum of activity against both groups of organisms. PMID- 3488202 TI - Direct and indirect pathogenicity of Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis has been recovered from various sites of infection in the respiratory tract. These include chronic otitis media, tonsillitis, adenoiditis and pneumonia. This organism was recovered in many of these infections mixed with other aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Increasing numbers of isolates of this organism have been noted to produce beta-lactamase. This may contribute to the high failure rate of penicillins in eradicating polymicrobial respiratory infections. PMID- 3488203 TI - Pattern and management of substance abuse at Aro Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital (1980 1982): a study in advance of the establishment of a special unit. PMID- 3488204 TI - Relative inactivation of steroidogenic enzyme activities of in vitro vitamin E depleted human adrenal microsomes by lipid peroxidation. AB - The effects of lipid peroxidation and vitamin E on the steroidogenic activities of human adrenal microsomes were studied. The vitamin E content in the microsomes could be varied by treating the lyophilized microsomes with n-pentane, without affecting the steroidogenic enzyme activities. When the level of microsomal vitamin E in the adrenal was reduced to that in other tissues such as liver and kidney, NADPH-supported lipid peroxidation increased about 200-fold, and concomitantly, the steroidogenic enzyme activities decreased. After 5 min of the lipid peroxidation reaction, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities were inactivated to 13% and 18%, respectively, of the original activities. 3 beta Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase and 21-hydroxylase, however, retained 89% and 84%, respectively, of the original activities. When vitamin E was reincorporated into the original activities. When vitamin E was reincorporated into the extracted microsomes, neither the lipid peroxidation reaction nor the inactivation of the enzyme activities was observed. These results indicate that the high concentration of vitamin E in adrenal protects the enzymes from oxidative damage, and that the microsomal C19 steroidogenic cytochrome P-450 activities are highly sensitive to lipid peroxidation. This suggests an association between adrenal lipid peroxidation and a decrease in C19 steroid synthesis with advancing age. PMID- 3488206 TI - Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain perception threshold and pain tolerance level of human teeth subjected to electrical stimulation. PMID- 3488207 TI - Coagulation parameters after sclerotherapy. PMID- 3488205 TI - Epidermal growth factor gene expression is regulated differently in mouse kidney and submandibular gland. AB - The concentration of the peptide mitogen epidermal growth factor (EGF) is hormonally and developmentally regulated in the granular convoluted tubule cells of the mouse submandibular gland. Using a labeled EGF nucleic acid probe, we have demonstrated that submandibular gland EGF mRNA concentrations increase during postnatal development of the gland and after the administration of testosterone or thyroid hormone. Recently, it was reported that EGF mRNA is present in kidney as well as a number of other mouse tissues. A comparison of EGF gene regulation in submandibular gland and kidney revealed that kidney EGF mRNA levels also increase during the postnatal period. Opposite sex differences were observed, with submandibular gland levels being about 16-fold higher in the male than in the female and kidney levels being 2- to 4-fold higher in the female than in the male. Renal EGF mRNA concentrations are less responsive to hormones than those in the submandibular gland. Renal EGF was localized immunocytochemically to the cells of distal convoluted tubules. PMID- 3488208 TI - The effects of ozone inhalation on the immunological response of selenium- and vitamin E-deprived rats. AB - Deficiencies in vitamin E (E) or Se result in immune alterations, possibly due to reduction of antioxidant activity. Such reductions might greatly compromise the ability of the immune system to deal with additional oxidant stress, as encountered during exposure to air pollutants such as ozone (O3). To study possible interactions of these oxidative stresses on immune function, male Long Evans hooded rats were maintained 5 weeks on torula yeast-based diets, with or without the addition of E or Se. Each dietary group was subdivided into O3 exposed and nonexposed groups. Two different regimens of O3 exposure were used: continuous (1.0 ppm, 8 hr/day for 7 days) or intermittent (2.0 ppm, 8 hr/day for 4 days, 2-4 days in ambient air followed by 1 day of exposure prior to sacrifice). Exposure to O3 in either regimen resulted in increased numbers of cells recovered by pulmonary lavage. With continuous exposure this increase was due to macrophage influx and, with intermittent exposure, due to influx of both macrophages and neutrophils. Combined deficiency of E and Se led to an enhanced ability of spleen and lung cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCMC). In animals deficient in E, but not Se, O3 exposure depressed spleen cell ADCMC. Deficiencies of either E or Se also depressed lymphocyte response to mitogens. Although intermittent exposure to O3 caused no changes in mitogen response, in animals exposed continuously to O3 there was a significant enhancement of this response. PMID- 3488211 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in quiescent rabbit chondrocytes in culture by limited exposure to somatomedin-like growth factors. AB - Cartilage-derived factor (CDF), extracted from fetal bovine cartilage, and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) stimulated DNA synthesis in quiescent rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture under serum-free conditions. As described previously, when added in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) a somatomedin-like growth factor, CDF or MSA, synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis in the cultured chondrocytes. The present study showed that exposure of the cells to MSA or CDF for only the initial 5 h was sufficient for transmission of their full stimulatory effect. Furthermore, the limited exposure did not alter the time course of stimulation of DNA synthesis: [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA began to increase after 16 h and reached a maximum after 24 h. In contrast to the somatomedin-like growth factors, FGF and EGF were required continuously in the culture medium during traverse of the entire G1 phase for stimulation of DNA synthesis, and the mitogenic effects of FGF and EGF in cultured chondrocytes were stronger than those of CDF and MSA. Synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis by CDF or MSA in the presence of FGF or EGF could be observed as long as FGF or EGF was continuously present, even when CDF or MSA was withdrawn after the first 5 h of culture. These findings suggest that, in contrast to FGF and EGF, somatomedin like growth factors affect an early distinct stage in the G1 phase of chondrocytes. PMID- 3488210 TI - Proteolytic fragmentation of brain myosin and localisation of the heavy-chain phosphorylation site. AB - The heavy chains and the 19-kDa and 20-kDa light chains of bovine brain myosin can by phosphorylated. To localise the site of heavy-chain phosphorylation, the myosin was initially subjected to digestion with chymotrypsin and papain under a variety of conditions and the fragments thus produced were identified. Irrespective of the ionic strength, i.e. whether the myosin was monomeric or filamentous, chymotryptic digestion produced two major fragments of 68 kDa and 140 kDa; the 140-kDa fragment was further digested by papain to yield a 120-kDa and a 23-kDa fragment. These fragments were characterised by (a) a gel overlay technique using 125I-labelled light chains, which showed that the 140-kDa and 23 kDa polypeptides contain the light-chain-binding sites; (b) using myosin photoaffinity labelled at the active site with [3H]UTP, which showed that the 68 kDa fragment contained the catalytic site, and (c) electron microscopy, using rotary shadowing and negative-staining techniques, which demonstrated that after chymotryptic digestion the myosin head remains attached to the tail whereas on papain digestion isolated heads and tails were observed. Thus the 120-kDa polypeptide derived from the 140-kDa fragment is the tail of the myosin, and the 68-kDa fragment containing the catalytic site and the 23-kDa fragment, with the light-chain-binding sites, form the head (S1) portion of the myosin. When [32P] phosphorylated brain myosin was digested with chymotrypsin and papain it was shown that the heavy-chain phosphorylation site is located in a 5-kDa peptide at the C-terminal end of the heavy chain, i.e. the end of the myosin tail. Using hydrodynamic and electron microscopic techniques, no significant effect of either light-chain or heavy-chain phosphorylation on the stability of brain myosin filaments was observed, even in the presence of MgATP. Brain myosin filaments appear to be more stable than those of other non-muscle myosins. Light-chain phosphorylation did, however, have an effect on the conformation of brain myosin, for example in the presence of MgATP non-phosphorylated myosin molecules were induced to fold into a very compact folded state. PMID- 3488209 TI - T3 delta pre-mRNA is transcribed from a non-TATA promoter and is alternatively spliced in human T cells. AB - The human T-cell antigen receptor-associated T3 complex consists of at least three polypeptides, gamma, delta and epsilon. cDNA clones for the delta-chain have recently been obtained and we have used such clones to isolate the T3 delta gene. The gene has been sequenced and comprises five exons, spread over approximately 3.7 kb of DNA. Transcription of the T3 delta gene is initiated from a non-TATA promoter. S1 mapping experiments and the sequence of a novel cDNA clone show that T3 delta mRNA exists in two forms in T cells. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA sequences corresponding to the third exon of the T3 delta gene accounts for the two species of mRNA. A putative protein, produced by translation of the shorter mRNA, would lack a transmembrane region and might be secreted or associated with the outer surface of the cell. PMID- 3488213 TI - The effect of the inverted repeat structure on the production of the cloned Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase. AB - An inverted repeat structure from Bacillus natto preceding the Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase gene has been suggested to be responsible for the enhancement of alpha-amylase production [Yamazaki et al. (1983) J. Bacteriol. 156, 327-337]. A similar inverted repeat region has also been found upstream from the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene and shown to function as a transcription termination signal of an upstream operon of 2.2 X 10(3) bases (2.2 kb) (Kallio et al., following paper in this journal). The removal of this DNA region reduced the level of alpha-amylase production by 70% and led to concomitant formation of a readthrough transcript arising from the promoter of the 2.2-kb operon. To test whether the readthrough transcript affected the alpha-amylase production, the promoter of the 2.2-kb operon was removed from plasmid constructions carrying either intact or deleted inverted repeat sequences. When cultures carrying the above plasmids were assayed for alpha-amylase activity, both constructions produced equal amounts of alpha-amylase. Thus, the inverted repeat structure preceding the alpha-amylase promoter does not, as such, enhance the alpha-amylase production. Instead, its presence prevents the inhibition of alpha-amylase expression caused by the readthrough transcripts from the upstream promoter. PMID- 3488212 TI - Calcium binding to bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein from calf studied by 43Ca NMR. AB - Calcium binding to bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGB) from calf has been studied using 43Ca NMR. The temperature dependence of the 43Ca NMR signal has been used to calculate the calcium ion exchange rate, koff. The dependence of the 43Ca NMR band shape on the [Ca2+]/[BGP] ratio fits well to a chemical equilibrium model having a single Ca2+-binding site with an association constant in the range of 5 X 10(3)-1 X 10(5) M-1. The pH dependence of the 43Ca NMR line width shows a single apparent pKa value of 5.1. PMID- 3488214 TI - Isolation and characterization of a 2.2-kb operon preceding the alpha-amylase gene of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. AB - A DNA region of 2.8 X 10(3) base pairs (2.8 kb) upstream of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene has been isolated. This DNA gave rise to a 2.2-kb transcript. The 3' end of the transcript was mapped with S1 nuclease and shown to terminate 49 base pairs upstream of the -35 region of the alpha-amylase promoter. In B. subtilis minicells this 2.2-kb transcript coded for three different polypeptides, thus indicating a polycistronic operon-type structure. The location and the order of the polypeptides were established using DNA deletions. The joining of the 2.2-kb operon to the downstream alpha-amylase gene in the plasmid pUB110 did not have any significant effect on the level of expression of the alpha-amylase. PMID- 3488215 TI - Percutaneous intracardiac direct-current shocks in dogs: arrhythmogenic potential and pathological changes. AB - In 12 dogs, a total of 65 direct-current (DC) shocks of 100-300 J were delivered through a standard USCI6F tripolar electrode catheter to selected sites in the heart. Severe arrhythmias were more frequent after electric shocks of high energy to the ventricles and AV-nodal or His-bundle region than after comparable shocks to the left or right atria. There was a direct relationship between the strength of the electric shocks, and the extent and severity of the injury. Application of 300 J shocks led to massive necrosis and damage to all components of the myocardium including the walls of small blood vessels. However, perforation of the atrial and ventricular walls or septum did not occur in any of the animals (mean follow-up period 97 days: range 8 to 167 days). Percutaneous DC shocks up to 250 J proved to be a safe technique for closed-chest ablation of conduction tissue in dogs. These might be of value for patients with arrhythmias requiring electrical ablation of accessory pathways or foci situated in various sites in the heart. PMID- 3488216 TI - Use of 11C-triphenylmethylphosphonium for the evaluation of membrane potential in the heart by positron-emission tomography. AB - The membrane potential in cells can be estimated by electrophysiological techniques and biomedical methods using lipophilic cations labelled with 14C. However, these techniques cannot be applied to the human heart. In this study a lipophilic cation, triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP), was labelled with carbon-11 with the purpose of investigating its suitability for the estimation of membrane potential in vivo. A biodistribution study in mice and rats showed significant uptake of the cation in the heart a few minutes after IV injection which remained constant for 60 min. In vivo study by positron-emission tomography showed that after IV injection of 11C-TPMP in the dog, activity rose almost immediately in the myocardium and then remained constant for 60 min. A rapid injection of KCl (greater than 40 mg/kg) 20 min after injection of 11C-TPMP led to an instantaneous fall in myocardial 11C-TPMP concentration. Membrane potential (delta psi), calculated from the TPMP distribution ratio between intracellular and plasma water space by the Nernst equation, was estimated at -148.1 +/- 6.0 mV for the dog heart. This value reflected both cell membrane potential and mitochondrial membrane potential and, thus, the energy state of the myocardial cells. PMID- 3488217 TI - 111In-chloride thorax scintigraphic study for demonstration of pulmonary edema: canine model. AB - Pulmonary edema induced by injections of oleic acid was demonstrated using 111In chloride lung/heart image in five anesthetized dogs. The anesthetized dogs were positioned under a gamma camera interfaced to a computer. After 111In-chloride IV injections, dynamic data were recorded at 1 frame/min before and after induced pulmonary edema. The computer generated the curve of the lung-to-heart activity ratio; the ratio rose from 0.5-0.6 at baseline to 0.85-1.5 at the end of the study in the dogs. At the end of each study, the removed lungs demonstrated edematous fluid, and a few red blood cells were seen in the alveoli. The results indicating pulmonary edema exhibited in the 111In-chloride lung-to-heart ratio obtained from a computerized gamma camera were compatible with the pathological result. Since 111In-chloride instantly binds to plasma transferrin, an excellent intravascular imaging agent, leakage of this tracer into alveoli indicates loss of membranous wall competence. Pulmonary edema, as in the adult respiratory distress syndrome, is sometimes difficult to diagnose; and this 111In-chloride lung-to-heart imaging technique may be potentially useful. PMID- 3488218 TI - Brain ischemia and infarction positively visualized by pyruvate-1-11C using positron-emission tomography. AB - We describe positron-emission tomography (PET) scintigraphic findings obtained using pyruvate-1-11C in eight patients with cerebral ischemic hypoxia or infarction. The extraction of 11C by brain tissue from blood after an i.v. injection of 11C-pyruvate was very rapid, being almost complete after a single circulatory passage. Most ischemic lesions were found to be more or less deficient with regard to 11C-extraction capacity. With time, however, the ratio of 11C in ischemic tissue to that in normal tissue was inverted, and the ischemic lesion appeared as a 'hot' area in the scintigram. Very old infarcts did not exhibit this phenomenon. These observations indicate the usefulness of an 11C pyruvate PET scan for the diagnosis of therapeutically restorable brain damage. PMID- 3488219 TI - Detection of cytotoxicity of freshly obtained lymphocytes and of lymphocytes activated with recombinant interleukin II (rIL-2) against lung cancer cell lines by human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA). AB - The cytotoxicity of freshly obtained human peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphocytes activated with human recombinant interleukin II (rIL-2) was evaluated against lung cancer cell lines by the human tumor clonogenic assay. Colony formation of all human lung cancer cell lines, PC-1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13 and 14 were suppressed by lymphocytes activated with 100 units/ml of human rIL-2 for 72 hr. However, the degree of the suppression of colony formation by lymphocytes activated with rIL-2 was different for each cell line. The per cent inhibition of colony formation obtained by HTCA correlated well with the per cent cytolysis obtained by 51Cr-release assay for all cell lines. HTCA provides a very useful tool for the detection of cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against clonogenic tumor cells. PMID- 3488220 TI - Biphasic and differential effects of the cytostatic agents avarone and avarol on DNA metabolism of human and murine T and B lymphocytes. AB - The two novel antimitotic and potent antileukemic agents avarone and avarol were determined to inhibit the [3H]-dThd incorporation rates of both murine spleen and human peripheral blood lymphocytes within the concentration range of 2-6 microM. The mitogens concanavalin A (ConA; for T lymphocytes), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; for murine B lymphocytes) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM; for human T and B lymphocytes) were used to stimulate DNA synthesis in the lymphocyte fractions. The ED50 concentrations, causing a 50% reduction of [3H]-dThd incorporation, were significantly lower in the experiments with avarone than in those with avarol. Moreover it was established that the DNA synthesis of ConA-activated lymphocytes was more sensitively inhibited by the compounds than that of LPS or PWM-activated cells, or non-activated cells. In addition it was elucidated that at low concentrations (1-2 microM) avarone and avarol caused a stimulation of dThd incorporation only in LPS or PWM-activated lymphocytes. Based on these results it is assumed that both antileukemic agents also affect differentially the different hematologic neoplasms. PMID- 3488221 TI - Clinical improvement and partial correction of the T cell defects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and lymphoadenopathy syndrome (LAS) by a calf thymus acid lysate. PMID- 3488222 TI - Comparative effects of bepridil and diltiazem on systemic blood pressure and isolated peripheral arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Bepridil and diltiazem were studied for their effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and on vascular tone of femoral and mesenteric arterial strips from SHR. The drugs (i.v.) reduced BP and HR more markedly in SHR than in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The effects of bepridil were less pronounced and less prolonged than those of diltiazem. Bepridil relaxed arterial strips precontracted by KCl or prostaglandin F2 alpha to almost the same extent as diltiazem in both SHR and WKY. Bepridil was almost as potent as diltiazem in inhibiting non-competitively the Ca2+-evoked contractions of arteries depolarized in a Ca2+-free, high K+ buffer. alpha Adrenoceptor agonist-induced contractions accompanied and not accompanied by Ca2+ influx were inhibited more markedly by bepridil than diltiazem under certain conditions. The inhibitions were more marked in SHR than in WKY. Thus, it was suggested that both drugs acted as Ca2+ influx inhibitor to reduce vascular tone. Bepridil inhibited intracellular vasoconstriction mechanisms linked with alpha adrenoceptors more potently than did diltiazem in SHR. Taken together, these actions can explain the antihypertensive properties of both drugs in SHR. PMID- 3488223 TI - A second form of human calcitonin gene-related peptide which is a potent vasodilator. AB - A recently predicted form of human calcitonin gene-related peptide, (beta CGRP) exhibits potent vasodilator activity in rabbit skin with a similar potency to the form of human CGRP originally described (alpha CGRP). Both peptides, because of their vasodilator activity, cause a potentiation of inflammatory oedema induced by mediators of increased vascular permeability. The results demonstrate that changes can be made at certain positions in the amino acid sequence of human CGRP without loss of vasodilator activity. PMID- 3488225 TI - Constitutive production of colony-stimulating factor by mouse lymphoma cell lines is correlated with granulocytosis in vivo. AB - The mouse lymphoma cell line Eb, its highly metastasizing variant ESb, and an unrelated metastasizing tumor MDAY-D2, were shown to produce colony-stimulating factor (CSF) constitutively both in vitro and in vivo in ascites. For each tumor, the amounts of CSF produced on a per-cell basis in vitro and in vivo were similar. The findings were substantiated using two different methods for CSF determination, a colony assay and an isotope incorporation test. Elevated levels of CSF in serum of mice with tumors were also found. Examination of blood from tumor-bearing mice revealed that whereas total leukocyte counts remained within the normal range, all three tumors caused a reversal of the normal neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. The severity of the reversal correlated with the propensity of the tumor to elevate serum CSF rather than with in vitro CSF-producing capacity. Thus, whereas production of CSF in vivo was not related to the ability of the tumors to metastasize, it could be causative in creating an imbalance in normal hematopoiesis. PMID- 3488224 TI - [Thermistor probe for testing an antipyretic suppository in rabbits]. AB - The thermistor probe for estimating the effects of an antipyretic suppository after its administration into the rectum of the rabbit was studied. A thermistor probe with three rubber disk stoppers was confirmed to be able to prevent the leakage of drugs from the rectum of a rabbit restrained in a neck stock. By using this newly devised thermistor probe or the usual thermistor probe without a stopper, the febrile response was determined in rabbits injected with bacterial pyrogen. There was no difference in the ability to detect rectal temperature between the two thermistor probes. From these results, it could be concluded that this newly devised thermistor prove was useful in studying the effects of antipyretic suppositories in rabbits. PMID- 3488226 TI - Regulation of lymphoid colony growth by factors derived from human bone marrow. AB - We have previously demonstrated the ability of soluble factors derived from cultured murine and human bone marrow supernatants to modulate a variety of lymphoid functions, including DNA synthesis. In the present report, we show that human marrow supernatants contain a suppressor factor (BSF) that suppresses T lymphoid colony formation, and an augmenting factor (BEF) that enhances T-colony growth. BSF suppression exhibits no tissue specificity, affecting marrow-derived and peripheral T colonies similarly. The suppressive activity occurs prior to mitogenic activation by TCGF. In contrast, a preferential augmentation of the size and number of marrow-derived T-cell colonies, as compared to peripheral T cell colonies, was observed in the presence of BEF. BEF required prior mitogen activation of the colony inocula to effect colony enhancement. In addition, the response to BEF was greater for E- than for E+ colony-forming cells, indicating the target of BEF activity to be an early T cell. The active subfraction of BEF with colony-enhancing activity was found to be between 8000 and 30,000 daltons. PMID- 3488229 TI - Suppression of the induction of delayed hypersensitivity in rats by repetitive morphine treatments. AB - Previous in vitro experiments suggest that lymphocyte function may be altered in the presence of opiates. The effect of morphine treatment upon specific T lymphocyte function in vivo was investigated in rats. Following morphine treatment, rats were incapable of responding to immunization with the T-dependent antigens of Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG. The absence of a delayed hypersensitive skin response to tuberculin in chronic morphine-treated rats supports the hypothesis that opiates may interact with the cells of the immune system. A potential communication between the nervous system and cells of the immune system is proposed. PMID- 3488227 TI - Production of erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) by isolated human T-lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - T-lymphocytes and monocytes are prominent among the classes of normal human cells that have been implicated in the production of the hemopoietic growth factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) and erythroid burst promoting activity (BPA). To investigate the nature of the cooperativity that occurs during the elaboration of these growth factors by activated T-lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro, and to define the subsets of T cells involved in this response, we studied the production of GM-CSA and BPA by populations of T lymphocytes isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, using the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8. When OKT3+, OKT4+, or OKT8+ cells were incubated for five days in liquid suspension cultures, their production of GM-CSA and BPA was undetectably low. When 5% autologous monocytes were added to the cultures, no increase in the secretion of either of these classes of growth factors was noted. In the presence of concanavalin A (Con A), measurable quantities of both GM-CSA and BPA were elaborated by all three populations of T cells in the absence of monocytes; however, when autologous monocytes were added to the Con A-stimulated T cells, the secretion of both GM-CSA and BPA was markedly enhanced. In addition, we found that supernates of unfractionated T cells incubated with Con A contained not only GM-CSA and BPA but also a potent inhibitor(s) of BPA that could be demonstrated by dilution of the media and removed by gel filtration. In contrast, no inhibitor of GM-CSA was found. By molecular sieve chromatography of the supernates, GM-CSA and BPA coeluted as a single peak. However, the two biologic activities could be separated on the basis of heat stability, since GM-CSA proved to be heat labile whereas BPA did not. Our data indicate that GM-CSA and BPA derived from human T cells are similar in their apparent molecular weights and in the pattern of their production in suspension cultures in response to lectin stimulation. The secretion of both GM-CSA and BPA by Con A-stimulated T cells is facilitated by the presence of autologous monocytes, and is not restricted to either the OKT4- or the OKT8-defined subset. PMID- 3488228 TI - The catecholamine uptake blocker nomifensine protects against MPTP-induced parkinsonism in monkeys. AB - Administration of MPTP (1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to Macaca fascicularis monkeys produced severe parkinsonism (hypokinesia, tremor, rigidity, aphagia, adipsia) and more than 90% loss of nigral dopamine neurons, striatal dopamine content and striatal 3H-mazindol binding. Treatment with the catecholamine uptake blocker nomifensine counteracted the behavioral, histological and neurochemical effects induced by MPTP. For obtaining best protection, nomifensine had to be administered for weeks after MPTP. The results suggest that the selective target-directed neurotoxic action of MPTP on dopamine neurons in monkeys is mediated via the dopamine uptake mechanism. PMID- 3488231 TI - Myomonitor rest position in the presence and absence of stress. PMID- 3488230 TI - Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from a human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in vitro. AB - The secretion of human calcitonin gene-related peptide was examined in perifusates of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with a sensitive radioreceptor assay. Calcitonin gene-related peptide was released after the addition of calcium (25-100 mM), in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that human medullary carcinomas of the thyroid secrete the calcitonin gene-related peptide as well as calcitonin. PMID- 3488232 TI - Human purified interleukin-1 inhibits DNA synthesis and cell growth of osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), but enhances alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells. AB - We examined the effects of human purified interleukin-1 (IL-1) on DNA synthesis, cell growth, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 under both preconfluent and confluent culture conditions. Addition of IL 1 to the cells markedly inhibited their DNA synthesis and growth over the range 1 10 U/ml. Such significant inhibitory effects were observed in cells cultivated in 1 or 5% fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing alpha modification Eagle's medium (alpha-MEM), but not in alpha-MEM containing 10% FCS. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced significantly by IL-1 in the cell line cultivated in 1% FCS-containing alpha-MEM. These results demonstrate that human purified IL-1 is effective in inducing the differentiation of osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1. PMID- 3488234 TI - [Tooth extraction: intra-operative complications]. PMID- 3488233 TI - Pertussis toxin blocks angiotensin II-induced calcium influx but not inositol trisphosphate production in adrenal glomerulosa cell. AB - Involvement of GTP-binding proteins in angiotensin II-induced mobilization of calcium has been examined in adrenal glomerulosa cells by using pertussis toxin. Pretreatment of glomerulosa cells with pertussis toxin abolishes angiotensin II induced calcium influx without blocking inositol trisphosphate production. These results suggest a role of the pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein in transducing angiotensin II-receptor occupancy into opening of calcium channel. PMID- 3488235 TI - [Ferric sulfate in minor oral surgery]. PMID- 3488236 TI - Mononuclear cell phenotypes in patients with psoriasis. AB - Mononuclear blood cells from 19 patients with psoriasis were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which detect total T lymphocytes, their helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets and Ia-positive lymphocytes and monocytes. Fluorescence-positive cells were enumerated by cell flow cytometry. In these patients, percentages of all mononuclear cell studies were within reference range with few, sporadic exceptions. Statistical analysis of data showed no significant differences between patient values and reference values from a panel of 100 normal subjects. PMID- 3488237 TI - Histologically verified primary peritoneal pregnancy with implantation in the sigmoid mesenterium. AB - A true case of primary peritoneal pregnancy is reported. The patient was complaining of an IUD disorder but became acutely ill in 2 hours--fortunately in the hospital--because of the dramatic bleeding from the highly vascularized implantation site of the ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 3488238 TI - High-frequency twinning of Xenopus laevis embryos from eggs centrifuged before first cleavage. AB - In embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis, the dorsal structures normally develop from regions of the egg opposite the side of sperm entry. Gravity and centrifugal force, applied at an angle of 90 degrees to the animal-vegetal axis of the egg, can override this topographic relationship and can cause the dorsal structures to be positioned according to the force vector (S. Black and J. Gerhart, 1985, Dev. Biol. 108, 310-324). We report here that at time 0.40 (40% of the first cleavage interval), an average of 60% of eggs centrifuged at 30g for 4 min in this orientation form conjoined twins with one body axis arising from the centripetal side of the egg and one arising from the centrifugal side of the egg. This positioning is observed regardless of the orientation of the side of sperm entry in the centrifugal field. If, after the 0.40 centrifugation, the eggs are inclined with the centripetal side up, they do not make twins; instead, they make only a single axis at the centripetal side. This indicates that the second axis in twins is caused to form by postcentrifugation gravity-driven internal rearrangements of materials that were displaced by the centrifugation. Twins also form at high frequency in eggs centrifuged twice, first at an inclination of 90 degrees, and then at an inclination of 0 degrees. The second centrifugation yields secondary axes even when it is begun midway in the second cell cycle, well after the time of grey crescent formation. Double centrifugation also causes twinning ("double rescue") of uv-irradiated eggs which otherwise would not develop axial structures. This suggests that the internal displacements caused by the centrifugations can substitute for a step in the normal axis specification process that is impaired in irradiated eggs. PMID- 3488239 TI - Request for reports of disease after immunization with Hib polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 3488240 TI - [Changes in immunity during stress]. PMID- 3488241 TI - Evidence for a midgastric transverse band in humans. AB - When the solid fraction of a standardized meal is labeled with technetium 99m sulfur colloid-labeled chicken liver and fed to human subjects, linear regions of decreased radioactivity that have the appearance of a band are identified on the scintillation camera images of the stomach. The band is not a peristaltic contraction because it persists in individual subjects after 4 h of imaging. The band has also been identified in the dog, pig, and monkey. It is transverse and midgastric in location. William Beaumont noted a similar band in his observations on Alexis St. Martin in 1833, and a transverse band was noted in autopsy specimens of food-filled human stomachs in 1919. However, the finding has been ignored in current gastrointestinal or radiologic textbooks because the band cannot be identified with conventional barium sulfate meals. The anatomic basis for the band and its role in regulating gastric emptying remain unclear. PMID- 3488242 TI - Interstrain variation in amylase gene copy number and mRNA abundance in three mouse tissues. AB - Amylase expression in strain YBR differs in several respects from the standard mouse phenotype. The synthesis of salivary amylase is elevated twofold in YBR mice and the synthesis of pancreatic amylase is reduced to one-half the normal rate. We have compared the concentrations of amylase mRNA in the parotid, liver and pancreas of YBR mice with those in strains A/J and C3H. We observed differences in amylase mRNA abundance which can account for the levels of amylase protein synthesis in the parotid and pancreas of these strains. Unexpectedly, the concentration of amylase mRNA in the liver of YBR mice was also higher than in the other strains. Since liver amylase is transcribed from the same gene as parotid amylase, duplication of the Amy-1 locus could account for the elevated mRNA concentration in both tissues. Quantitative analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting provided direct evidence for duplication of Amy-1 in strain YBR. PMID- 3488243 TI - [The HLA system and its contribution to the genetics of rheumatic diseases]. AB - The results of the study of histocompatibility antigens at loci A, B and Dr in patients with RA and SLE, and their first degree relatives are presented. HLA antigens B12. B18, B27, Dr2 and Dr4 were associated with RA. The antigens HLA A11, B7, B35, Dr2 and Dr3 were associated with SLE. The influence of HLA antigens on formation of clinical picture of RA and SLE was determined. Evaluation of interallelic and interloci antigens interaction in a relative risk of disease suggests that, in some cases, there is a "superdominance" effect. Some combinations of HLA antigens at loci B and Dr increase the disease risk for RA and SLE. Analysis of test-marker linkage to genes predisposed to RA and SLE provides no direct confirmation of the hypothesis of their location on the short arm of the sixth chromosome between loci B and Dr, though this possibility cannot be completely excluded. PMID- 3488244 TI - Age and learning: experimental and clinical aspects. AB - Memory loss and similar cognitive associated dysfunctions are commonly recognized as being the most serious symptoms of ageing and dementia. In this work, a deterioration of cognitive function which is appreciated in old rats (learning test in a maze--or, in aged humans, memory verbal test) is determined during the measurement of local cerebral blood flow and metabolism. In the animal, the disturbance by the learning test is observed by a decrease of blood flow in the hippocampus, diencephalon, and corpus striatum. In man, the cognitive dysfunctions appear although there is an increase of blood flow in the frontal cortex. These data show a new organization in the ageing brain which only appears during cerebral stimulation. PMID- 3488245 TI - Positron emission tomography in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Age differences are not found for the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMR glc) measured with positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2 deoxy-D-glucose, in healthy subjects at rest and with reduced sensory stimulation. Furthermore, measures of cognitive function are not correlated with resting rCMR glc in healthy subjects. In patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease (AD), regional cerebral blood flow is reduced throughout the brain in relation to the severity of dementia, whereas regional reductions in rCMR glc are correlated with neuropsychometric deficits subserved by those regions. Right-left asymmetries in rCMR glc appear early in AD and are correlated with appropriate right-left asymmetries in language as compared to visuo-constructive abilities. Thus, PET, when combined with neuropsychological measures, can be used to examine specific cerebral function changes during the course of AD. PMID- 3488246 TI - Classification as a function of the degree of dementia. AB - Primary dementias may be classified into dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and dementia of vascular type (DVT) which differ in morphological and clinical respects. Studies on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism may support the classification procedure provided the dementias are in their early phase and their symptoms are florid. Generally unchanged CBF and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) oxygen are accompanied either by reduced CMR glucose (DAT) or by increased CMR glucose (DVT). In chronic dementias, these differences disappear and no classification of DAT and DVT by means of CBF and metabolism may be possible. As far as the degree of dementia is concerned, a close correlation between diminished CBF and metabolism and severity of dementia is generally found. However, in some cases of productive or hyperactive dementia without brain atrophy, this correlation is not evident. PMID- 3488247 TI - [Late prognosis in non-operated and operated patients with ischemic heart disease without a history of myocardial infarction in relation to the nature of damage to the coronary arteries]. PMID- 3488248 TI - [Electric stimulation of phrenic nerves in pulmonary phthisiosurgery]. PMID- 3488249 TI - [Operative risk factors in patients with damage to the trunk of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 3488250 TI - Extramedullary haemopoiesis in the small bowel. AB - A patient with myelofibrosis developed repeated gastrointestinal haemorrhage from the small intestine, which was found to be infiltrated with extramedullary haemopoiesis. Nineteen months later he presented with subacute intestinal obstruction; radiology and laparotomy documented progressive infiltration of the small bowel. Histological examination of the resected terminal ileum showed patchy mucosal ulceration, with underlying submucosal and serosal extramedullary haemopoiesis. PMID- 3488251 TI - [The analgesic and antipyretic effects of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, EB-382, in experimental animals]. AB - The analgesic and antipyretic effects of EB-382 as a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent were examined in mice and rats. EB-382 had an equipotent inhibition to ibuprofen on the writhing syndrome caused by acetic acid, phenylquinone and acetylcholine in mice, but phenylbutazone was less potent in these experiments. EB-382 had a much more potent inhibition on the pain by the Randall-Selitto method and silver nitrate-induced arthritic pain in rats than ibuprofen and phenylbutazone. EB-382 had no analgesic effect on the pain of non treated foot by the Randall-Selitto method in rats and by the hot-plate method in mice. EB-382 had a much more potent inhibition on the yeast-induced chronic inflammatory and adjuvant arthritic pains in rats than ibuprofen and phenylbutazone. The antipyretic activity of EB-382 was almost equipotent to that of ibuprofen in rats. EB-382 had no effect on the normal body temperature in rats, which was different from aminopyrine. The above results suggest that EB-382 will be a useful analgesic agent with an antipyretic antiinflammatory activity in clinical studies. PMID- 3488252 TI - Pancreatic exocrine function in children with cholestatic liver diseases. PMID- 3488253 TI - More ads: will they ease uncertainty of easterners? PMID- 3488254 TI - The chromosome breakpoint at 14q32 in an ataxia telangiectasia t(14;14) T cell clone is different from the 14q32 breakpoint in Burkitts and an inv(14) T cell lymphoma. AB - The T cell receptor alpha chain gene locus and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus (IgH) have previously been mapped to the q11 and q32 positions respectively of the human chromosome 14. Both of these sites are also common breakpoints in lymphocytes from ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) patients. Using in situ hybridisation we show that the 14q32 breakpoint in an A-T non-leukaemic T cell clone with t(14;14) translocation, lies outside the IgH locus and proximal to it with respect to the centromere. The 14q11-14qter segment of the homologous chromosome 14 carrying the constant gene region of the alpha chain locus is translocated to this 14q32 position. PMID- 3488255 TI - Telomeric fusion in pre-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Telomeric fusion, a rare phenomenon, was observed in malignant cells from the peripheral blood of an 18-year-old male with rapidly progressive pre-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Only two comparable cases, both with B-cell ALL, have been reported with telomeric fusion in neoplasia. All of the leukemic cells examined from our patient had two chromosome abnormalities consisting of partial triplication (trp) of chromosome 2 and a derivative chromosome 3. Approximately a third of the leukemic cells showed in addition telomere-telomere fusions. These involved the telomeric regions of 1p, 2p, 4q, 5q, 7q, 10q, 11q, 12p, 15p, 21p, and Xq and 3p of the derivative (3). The findings in this case suggest that telomeric fusion may function as a mechanism for the development of chromosome rearrangements that may play a role, albeit rarely, in human neoplasia. PMID- 3488256 TI - Morphological studies of the cytotoxicity of Trichomonas vaginalis to normal human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. AB - In vitro cultured monolayers of normal human vaginal epithelial cells were incubated with axenic cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis. Two strains freshly isolated from patients with trichomoniasis and one strain that had been maintained in axenic culture for several years were studied. Freshly isolated trichomonads showed amoeboid movements, adherence to epithelial cell surfaces, and were cytotoxic to epithelial cells in vitro. In contrast, the laboratory strain maintained for years in axenic culture did not adhere to the epithelial cell monolayer and was only cytotoxic at a concentration 100 times that of freshly isolated trichomonads. Electron microscopy of monolayers exposed to T vaginalis for 24 hours showed that all epithelial cells in intimate contact with trichomonads had more or less disintegrated, whereas in monolayers exposed for six hours some of the epithelial cells in contact with T vaginalis were normal. T vaginalis organisms with amoeboid morphology contained a dense network of microfilaments in the part of the trichomonad that was in contact with an epithelial cell. Occasionally a pseudopodium was projected into the cytoplasm of disintegrated epithelial cells. PMID- 3488257 TI - Acute toxicity studies with Jatropha curcas L. AB - The seeds of Jatropha curcas L. ingested accidentally by two children aged 3 and 5 years led to a clinical syndrome of restlessness, severe vomiting and dehydration. A systematic study of the seeds indicated that they produced toxic effects in mice. Macroscopic anal haemorrhage and death occurred when the seeds were administered with the feed. Post-mortem examination revealed infarction of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract with congested vessels. Sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l: saline) extract of the dried seed administered intraperitoneally into mice caused death in doses as low as 1 mg/kg. Post-mortem studies in this case showed widespread haemorrhages involving the colon, lungs as well as infarction of the liver. Larger intraperitoneal doses (greater than 30 mg/kg) were lethal rapidly but not associated with gross gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 3488258 TI - Counting components of the chicken's B cell system. AB - At the risk of representing a chicken as a hybrid between a hummingbird and an ostrich, we can summarize the preceding sections and order-of-magnitude estimates as follows. Chicken B lymphocytes are derived from less than 10(5) lymphoid precursor cells, which either have already rearranged their Ig genes before they colonize the embryonic bursa, or (more probably) rapidly give rise to cells with rearranged genes within the bursa's 10(4) follicles. Since the bird's functional germline Ig V genes are few in number (less than or equal to 10?), most rearrangements have similar outcomes. The B cells proliferate rapidly in the bursa, in an antigen-independent manner, undergoing somatic modifications of their Ig V genes at a high rate (probably at least once in every 10(3) cell divisions). In the young chick, B cells are produced in the bursa at a rate of 10(7) to 10(8) per d; many of these die but the rest contribute to formation of the adult bird's B cell pool of about 10(10) lymphocytes, with a repertoire of at least 10(6) different antibody specificities. the bird's B cells are entirely self-renewing, in the sense that none are derived from Ig-negative precursors at any time after hatching. PMID- 3488259 TI - Presentation of a soluble bacterial antigen and cell-surface alloantigens by large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in comparison with monocytes. AB - The ability of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the proliferative response to the soluble bacterial antigen streptolysin O (SLO) was investigated. Despite the fact that a subset of LGL isolated by sorting peripheral blood lymphocytes with the B73.1 monoclonal antibody on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS-IV) expressed MHC Class II molecules of the DP, DQ and DR subregion loci, presentation of SLO by LGL was not demonstrated. Thus, T-cell populations containing LGL but carefully depleted of monocytes, isolated either by sorting using the FACS-IV or by SRBC-rosetting, were unresponsive to antigenic stimulation with SLO. Application of exogenous interleukin-1 to FACS-IV-isolated LGL-containing T-cell populations did not elicit presentation of SLO by the LGL. In vitro activation with phytohaemagglutinin and interleukin-2, which induced Class II expression in T cell populations, resulted in an increased expression of Class II molecules of the DP, DQ and DR specificities on LGL. Although such activated T-cell and LGL populations were incapable of presenting SLO to freshly isolated antigen-non responsive T cells, both activated populations were able to act as stimulators in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. The ability of highly Class II-positive activated LGL to present membrane-bound antigens suggests that their inability to present a soluble antigen may be related to the absence of effective antigen sequestration and/or processing mechanisms. PMID- 3488260 TI - Anchorage and lymphocyte function: collagen and the maintenance of motile shape in T cells. AB - When cultured on a collagen matrix at a density of 7 X 10(4) cells/cm2 for 48 hr, 80 +/- 10% of unfractionated and 70 +/- 14% of T-enriched human blood lymphocytes from eight healthy individuals developed a motile morphology defined as the presence of lamellar surface activity and cytoplasmic flattening. During culture on plastic for 48 hr, 32 +/- 5% of unfractionated and 38 +/- 6% of T-enriched lymphocytes from the same individuals developed a motile morphology. The motile morphology was not a rigid state but a series of oscillations in cell shape. The conversion from a spherical into a motile morphology was independent of cell density. After preculture on plastic at 'high' density (1.5 X 10(6) cells/cm2), and subsequent transfer to a plastic surface, 54 +/- 12% of the cells from separate individuals exhibited a motile morphology within 2 hr. These motile forms were, however, transient and approximately 50% disappeared within 12 hr. Collagen augmented the motile behaviour of unfractionated and T-enriched lymphocytes by two to four times when fresh from the blood compared with glass or plastic. During culture on plastic, the lymphocytes lost this prompt responsiveness to collagen contact. Thus, during culture on plastic, the ratio between percentage motile lymphocytes after subsequent transfer to collagen and plastic, respectively decreased from values between 2 and 4 immediately after purification to close to 1 within 2 days. However, when retransferred to collagen, the majority of the lymphocytes within another 2-day period acquired responsiveness to collagen measured as potentiation of motile cell shape on this substrate compared with on plastic. These data suggest that the variation in motile behaviour in the T lymphocyte reflects a labile property which is enhanced by contact with a collagen matrix. PMID- 3488261 TI - The relative difference in anti-Listeria resistance of C57BL/6 and A/J mice is not eliminated by active immunization or by transfer of Listeria-immune T cells. AB - In this study, we examined the effects of active and adoptive immunization on the anti-Listeria resistance of innately resistant C57BL/6 and innately susceptible A/J mice. Although active immunization with a sublethal dose of viable Listeria monocytogenes markedly enhanced the anti-Listeria resistance of both C57BL/6 and A/J mice, the 100-fold difference between the two strains in innate anti-Listeria resistance was not diminished. Following immunization with an equivalent sublethal dose (0.1 LD50) of L. monocytogenes, both C57BL/6 and A/J mice generated T cells that could transfer significant and comparable protection to syngeneic recipients that were challenged with up to a 10 LD50 dose of L. monocytogenes. When the absolute number of viable Listeria was compared, however, it was clear that T cells from immunized C57BL/6 mice were capable of transferring protection to syngeneic recipients at Listeria challenge doses that were more than 100-fold greater than could T cells from Listeria-immunized A/J mice. Both active immunization and adoptive transfer of syngeneic Listeria-immune T cells enhanced the accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages in C57BL/6 and A/J mice. More inflammatory neutrophils were recovered from actively immunized C57BL/6 than from A/J mice, whereas more inflammatory macrophages were obtained from adoptively immunized C57BL/6 than from A/J mice. These results provide further evidence for the beneficial role of inflammation in genetically determined innate resistance and T-cell mediated resistance to listeriosis. These data also suggest that some mechanism in addition to inflammatory responsiveness may be responsible for limiting the expression of acquired anti-Listeria resistance in genetically susceptible A/J mice. PMID- 3488262 TI - Anti-idiotypic sera against monoclonal anti-progesterone antibodies: production in rabbits and rats and characterization of specificity. AB - Antisera were raised in rabbits and rats against three mouse monoclonal anti progesterone IgG1 antibodies. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were isolated from rabbit sera by successive passage over immunoadsorbent columns of normal mouse Ig and the specific immunizing monoclonal, with elution from the latter. Radioimmunoassays for anti-idiotype and free idiotype were established, enabling detection of idiotype in sera of mice immunized with progesterone-BSA conjugate. Binding of rabbit anti-idiotype to anti-progesterone monoclonals was partially inhibitable by free progesterone-hemisuccinate or progesterone-ovalbumin conjugate. While showing considerable specificity for their respective inducing monoclonals, the anti-idiotypes also cross-reacted in varying degrees with the other anti-progesterone monoclonals, demonstrating the presence of IdI and IdX determinants. The patterns of cross-reactivity showed some correlation with the relative isoelectric points and combining-site specificities of the anti progesterones. The specificities of rat and rabbit anti-idiotypes were similar, but not identical. PMID- 3488263 TI - Molecular mimicry in Reiter's syndrome: cytotoxicity and ELISA studies of HLA microbial relationships. AB - The pathogenic links between HLA antigens, certain bacterial infections and arthritis have not yet been characterized. The hypothesis of cross-reactivity between HLA B27, the marker of disease susceptibility for these disorders, and the provocative microorganism has been suggested by studies of Klebsiella and ankylosing spondylitis. The present study examines the possibility of molecular mimicry between HLA B27 and two organisms implicated more directly in reactive arthritis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Chlamydia trachomatis. Antibodies against these organisms were obtained both from patients and from antisera raised in rabbits. Neither source of antibacterial antibody was specifically cytotoxic for HLA B27-positive lymphocytes, even when the target cells were derived from patients with recent infections due to these organisms. In addition, monoclonal antibodies against HLA B27 (M1 and M2) showed no reactivity with antigens from these organisms in an ELISA system. These data do not support the notion of molecular mimicry as being the basis of immunogenetic susceptibility to reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome following infections with Y. enterocolitica and C. trachomatis. PMID- 3488264 TI - Temperature-mediated processes in teleost immunity: binding and mitogenic properties of concanavalin A with channel catfish lymphocytes. AB - Low (non-permissive) temperatures inhibit the proliferation responses of channel catfish T cells to stimulation with Con A. The study reported here was undertaken to ascertain if failure to bind Con A at non-permissive temperatures could explain the observed suppression at such temperatures. The influence of temperature on the binding of fluorescein-labelled succinyl Con A to channel catfish T and B cells was studied by cytofluorography. The results indicated that Con A bound equally well at both mitogenically permissive (22 degrees, 27 degrees and 32 degrees) and non-permissive (12 degrees and 17 degrees) temperatures. Hence, temperature effects on mitogen-binding to cell surface receptors cannot readily explain the observed suppression of channel catfish T-cell proliferative responses at non-permissive temperatures. PMID- 3488265 TI - Responses of intraepithelial lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens: a comparison between murine and porcine responses. AB - Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were isolated from the small intestine of pigs. They showed a strong blastogenic response to the T-cell mitogens phytohaemagglutinin A (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM); in contrast, mouse IEL responded weakly to these mitogens. The response of pig IEL was age-dependent, reaching adult levels by 9 weeks of age. Early weaning of pigs delayed the onset of this response. The effects of inflammatory mediators on the response of mouse IEL were also examined. PMID- 3488266 TI - Proliferative responses and IL-2 production by mononuclear cells from bovine mammary secretions, and the effect of mammary secretions on peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Mammary gland mononuclear cells (MGM) were compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) for their ability to proliferate in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) when cultured with Con A. MGM proliferative responses to all three mitogens were at a level only just above background. Following removal of adherent cells by passage of the MGM population over Sephadex G10, their ability to proliferate increased but these responses were still significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than those of PBM. Mammary secretions from non-lactating cows and colostrum, but not milk, were found to suppress the proliferative responses to PHA and Con A of PBM following a 24-hr preincubation period. There was no difference in IL-2 production in response to Con A by Sephadex G10-treated MGM and PBM, and dry-cow secretions had no effect on IL-2 production. PMID- 3488269 TI - Partial suppression of UV-sensitivity by plasmids in Haemophilus. PMID- 3488267 TI - Divergent effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on immunity to orally administered protein and particulate antigens in mice. AB - We have investigated whether bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) influences immune responses to dietary protein antigens in experimental animals. Simultaneous intravenous administration of LPS to normal mice fed ovalbumin (OVA) prevented the induction of tolerance for serum IgG antibody responses but did not alter the tolerance of systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). In addition, exogenous LPS did not enhance the ability of spleen accessory cells to present OVA to primed T cells. LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice developed full tolerance of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity after feeding a range of doses of OVA that was equal in degree and persistence to that seen in normal, congenic C3H/HeOla mice and also had normal antigen-presenting cell (APC) activity for OVA. In contrast, C3H/HeJ mice were primed by feeding SRBC instead of developing the systemic tolerance found in normal C3H mice. Our results indicate the complexity of mechanisms that may regulate systemic immunity to orally administered antigens of different forms. Nevertheless, LPS does not modulate DTH responses to fed OVA and does not enhance APC activity, and we conclude that bacterial LPS may be unable to influence hypersensitivity to dietary proteins in man. PMID- 3488268 TI - Studies on the reappearance of MHC class II antigens on cells of a variant human lymphoblastoid line. AB - EB4 lymphoblastoid cell line cells were cultured for 32 days with a ricin A chain conjugated monoclonal antibody (McAb) to a beta chain determinant present on DP and DR antigens. A single colony of cells which survived this treatment was grown up and surface expression of MHC class II and B cell antigens measured. All class II antigens (DQ as well as DP and DR, alpha as well as beta chains) were initially greatly diminished, but substantial recovery of expression occurred within 20-100 days of culture (approx. 21-105 generations), although recovery was still incomplete. The CD19 (p95) B cell antigen was present in greater amount and the CD22 B cell antigen and surface immunoglobulin in lower amount on the variant line cells. It was confirmed that unconjugated anti-class II McAb binds to surface antigens but is unable to induce modulation even over an 8-day culture period. Evidence is presented that the gradual re-expression of class II antigens on the variant line cells is not due to the appearance of a mutant or to recovery from modulation. It is suggested that the variant line cells produce an excess of a regulatory molecule when grown in the conjugate. PMID- 3488270 TI - Aberrancy in immunogenicity and cell-surface expression of H-2 antigens on erythrocytes. AB - Immunogenicity for T cell-independent B-cell response assessed by splenic plaque forming cell (PFC) response and cell-surface expression measured by laser flow cytometry of various class I H-2 antigens on mouse red blood cells (RBC) were compared. It was found that the order of magnitude of both immunogenicity and cell-surface expression on RBC is H-2Dd much greater than H-2Db greater than H 2Kd, H-2Kb. Furthermore, H-2d public antigens and H-2Ld antigens were neither immunogenic nor easily demonstrable on RBC. These findings contrasted with poor immunogenicity for PFC response (Nakashima et al. 1982, 1983) and proportionally strong expression of H-2 antigens on lymphoid cells. Immunogenicity and cell surface expression of H-2Dd antigen on RBC were not shown to be controlled by the action of genes outside H-2D. It was therefore suggested that a number of H-2 antigens, including H-2Kd private, H-2Kb private, and H-2d public specificities are at least functionally defective on RBC. This is possibly due to the structural characteristics of the antigens. Since immunogenicity and cell-surface expression were in parallel, the expression of H-2 antigens on RBC must be dictated by a subset of B cells whose activity was assessed by PFC response. This finding supports the view that the H-2 molecules display a new category of activity which is different from their ability to activate T cells and depends on their expression on RBC. PMID- 3488271 TI - Molecular analysis of membrane immunoglobulin-negative variants. AB - The mouse B-cell lymphoma WEHI 279.1 is a tumor which synthesizes both membrane and secreted immunoglobulin M (IgM). We have immunoselected variants which fail to express the membrane form (mIgM-); the most frequently isolated phenotype is a complete loss of both membrane expression and synthesis of the mu heavy chain within the cells. We have chosen four of these mIgM- mutants for detailed molecular investigation. One of these has suffered a large deletion which covers the region of chromosome 12 containing the expressed mu gene, but three have no detectable changes in the DNA arrangement of the mu gene. All of the mutants, including the deletion mutant, synthesize 10-30% of the wild-type level of cytoplasmic mu RNA; however, none is the appropriate size for membrane mu (mu m) or secreted mu (mu s) message. Based on our studies of the deletion mutant, which retains its nonproductively arranged allele, at least some of these RNAs may be 'sterile' transcripts from the nonproductively arranged allele. However, if all of these mRNAs derive from the other allele, they represent a substantial elevation of these sterile messages relative to the wild-type level. Furthermore, the three nondeletion mutants transcribe mu RNA at a level indistinguishable from the wild type. It is likely that their defects lie in the stability, processing, or transport of the mu RNA within the nucleus. Somatic cell hybrids between P3X and the IgM- variants produced mostly mIgM- hybrids. However, a few mIgM+ hybrids were produced, suggesting that the mu- defects may be partly complemented by the P3X fusion partner. PMID- 3488272 TI - Lymphocyte functions in acute & chronic murine toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3488274 TI - Measurement of picogram quantities of rat IgE from in vitro culture supernatants of B lymphocytes in experimental helminth infections. AB - A double-antibody liquid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to measure picogram quantities of rat IgE. The sensitivity of this method (approximately 10 pg/ml) allowed the determination of the production of IgE in in vitro culture supernatants of B lymphocytes of infected animals. PMID- 3488273 TI - IgG anti-IgA1 and anti-IgA2 antibodies: their measurement by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their relationship to disease. AB - IgG anti-IgA antibodies were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using one IgA1 and one IgA2 (m1) myeloma and a pooled IgA protein preparation as antigens. Class-specific anti-IgA antibodies occurred in 0.8% of non-IgA deficient sera and 24.3% of IgA-deficient sera. Antibodies reacting with IgA1 only occurred in 2.6% of non-IgA-deficient sera and 6.7% of IgA-deficient sera. Antibodies reacting with IgA2 only occurred in 0.6% of non-IgA-deficient sera and 2.7% of IgA-deficient sera. The prevalence of anti-IgA in IgA deficients with inflammatory disease was higher (81.8%) than in IgA deficients without disease (24.1%) and was accounted for by class-specific antibodies. PMID- 3488275 TI - Schistosome-derived inhibitory factor: an immunosuppressive agent preferentially active on T lymphocytes. AB - We have previously shown that schistosome-derived inhibitory factors (SDIF) inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and induced immunosuppression. Crude SDIF was purified by successive gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified SDIF preparations strongly inhibited the proliferation of different T cell line cells, while other cell lines (B cells, macrophages and fibroblasts) were almost not affected by SDIF. The inhibition of T cell proliferation by SDIF was not mediated through an Interleukin-2-dependent mechanism since both Interleukin-2-dependent and -independent T cells were inhibited. SDIF-activity was absorbed by cells in a time- and cell-number dependent fashion at 4 degrees C, suggesting the existence of a possible receptor for SDIF. However, the difference in sensitivity to SDIF proliferation inhibition could not be attributed to the presence or absence of this receptor since cells from SDIF-sensitive and SDIF-resistant cell lines absorbed SDIF activity in the same way. PMID- 3488276 TI - Immunological studies in patients with alcoholic liver disease: evidence for the in vivo activation of helper T cells and of the monocyte-macrophage system. AB - Immunologic parameters were evaluated in 22 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Patients with ALD had increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and serum immunoglobulins, particularly IgA. The classical complement pathway was preferentially activated in CIC-positive patients. There was no increase in total lymphocyte or total T lymphocyte counts, but a significant rise in both the helper/inducer population (OKT4) and helper/suppressor cell ratio (T4/T8) was noted. The presence of interleukin-2 receptors and HLA-DC/DS and HLA DR antigens suggested in vivo activation of ALD patients' T cells. The rate of differentiation of B cells to plasma cells was high in both pokeweed mitogen stimulated and unstimulated cultures of ALD patients' B cells, whereas plasma cell generation doubled when patient T lymphocytes were added to enriched normal B cells. The above data support a role for activated helper (T4+) T cells in the immune response initiated by alcoholic hepatitis. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels and lysozyme levels were increased in ALD patients, and cultured adherent mononuclear cells from ALD patients secreted more lysozyme in vitro than normal cells, suggesting the presence of an activated monocyte-macrophage system in ALD. PMID- 3488277 TI - Effect of unfractionated heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment on the DNA synthesis of human thymocytes. AB - The effect of unfractionated heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment was tested on the DNA synthesis of human thymocytes cultured for 5 and 48 h. At 5 h, in the absence of serum, there was a stimulation with the highest concentration of unfractionated heparin, 11.1 mg/ml. At 48 h, there was an inhibition with the highest concentration of both the unfractionated heparin and the heparin fragment. In the presence of serum unfractionated heparin in the highest concentration gave an inhibitory effect at 48 h. With 0.01-1.0 mg/ml of unfractionated heparin, a stimulating effect was obtained instead. PMID- 3488278 TI - Bepridil abolishes exercise-induced regional contractile dysfunction in dogs. AB - The effects of bepridil, a calcium antagonist, on hemodynamic parameters and regional contractile function were investigated in six dogs trained to submit to five treadmill exercise cycles consisting of 4 min of running and 11 min of recovery. The animals were chronically instrumented with a microtip manometer in the left ventricle, two pairs of piezoelectric crystals for sonomicrometry and a hydraulic occluder around the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and arterial and venous catheters. Experiments were started 1 week after surgery. After a warming-up exercise the vessel was partly stenosed by external filling of the hydraulic occluder. Stenosis was considered adequate and maintained when hemodynamic and functional parameters were virtually unchanged at rest, but episodes of comparable regional contractile dysfunction of the area perfused by the stenosed artery occurred in response to exercise in five subsequent runs; the same degree of stenosis was used for the experiments with bepridil. After two runs with comparable regional contractile dysfunction bepridil was infused intravenously at a dosage of 2 mg/kg per 5 min. The exercise-induced dysfunction was minimally improved in the 1st post-drug run but completely abolished during the 2nd and 3rd post-drug runs. This marked improvement may be partly attributable to the hemodynamic effects of this drug, namely a diminished increase in heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and even a reduction in end-diastolic segment length during exercise. These results support the findings of initial clinical trials and suggest a beneficial effect of bepridil in the treatment of exercise-induced angina pectoris in man. PMID- 3488279 TI - Modulation of interleukin-1 production by macrophages following benzo(a)pyrene exposure. AB - The effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a highly prevalent environmental carcinogen, on the ability of peritoneal exudate macrophages to produce the secretory immunomodulatory molecule interleukin-1 (IL-1) in vitro was examined. A dose dependent increase in lipopolysaccharide stimulated IL-1 production concomitant with decreased cell viabilities was noted in macrophages cultured in the presence of BaP. Antibody responses which are suppressed in BaP dosed mice can be reconstituted in vitro by the addition of exogenous interleukin-1. These results indicate that one of the cellular targets of BaP induced immunosuppression may be cells of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. Furthermore, BaP induced suppression of antibody responsiveness may be a result of alterations in production of IL-1. PMID- 3488280 TI - Failure of electrical myofeedback to augment the effects of physiotherapy in stroke. AB - Electromyographic biofeedback has been used with some success to treat patients with disturbances of muscle tone resulting from neurological disease. The aim of this study was to incorporate electrical myofeedback as an integral part of a physiotherapeutic regime designed to improve quality of movement and function in limbs weakened or paralysed by stroke. A portable, inexpensive E. M. G. biofeedback machine was used. Stainless steel skin electrodes were applied which needed minimal skin preparation. Twelve adults, (five male, seven female, mean age 44.2 years and 51.3 years respectively) who were referred for treatment due to weakness of limb muscles due to disease of the brain or spinal cord, were treated. The mean time from onset of incidence to treatment was 75.5 days. Each patient received six weeks of treatment. This was divided into two phases. Phase 1, (weeks 1, 2, 3) and phase 2 (weeks 4, 5, 6). Physiotherapy, and physiotherapy with biofeedback was randomly allocated to either phase. Each patient acted as his/her own control. A validated assessment was carried out by an independent therapist at the start of treatment, after three weeks and after six weeks of treatment. General function, knee function, range of movement of the affected side and timed tests were measured. Results show an overall improvement in general function. The second phase of treatment was slightly more favourable to improvement, but there was no indication that biofeedback significantly improved the outcome. In three tests it was equally significant to the physiotherapy applied; in one test it improved the effectiveness of physiotherapy and in one test it reduced the effectiveness of physiotherapy. This suggests that a six week course of physiotherapy improved muscular function and range of movements in patients with weakness due to upper motor neurone disease, but that these effects are not enhanced by myofeedback. PMID- 3488282 TI - Relationship between cellular glutathione and hyperthermic toxicity in mammary carcinoma in mice. AB - This investigation evaluates in an in vivo system the possible correlation between the intracellular content of GSH and cysteine and thermal sensitivity and thermotolerance. The studies were performed on C3H mammary carcinomas, located on the hind paw of CBA mice. Intracellular thiols were measured by the HPLC technique and the degree of thermotolerance induction was determined from tumour growth rate studies. It was found that the intracellular GSH levels did not change significantly during thermotolerance induction, and that subtoxic hyperthermia induced a pronounced transient decrease in GSH down to 30 per cent of the control level. When the intracellular GSH level was decreased to the same extent, by pretreatment with D,L-buthionine-S-R-sulphoximine (BSO), thermotolerance was still inducible. Thus, the induction of heat-induced thermal resistance did not seem to be dependent on the intracellular GSH level. When hyperthermia and BSO were combined, the GSH levels were further reduced. Treatment with BSO slightly increased the toxicity of both thermotolerance inducing and subtoxic hyperthermia. The cysteine concentrations increased several fold after BSO and heat treatments and contributed, under these conditions, to more than 25 per cent of the intracellular free reduced thiols. In general, there was no direct correlation between GSH and cysteine levels. It is concluded that thermotolerance induction does not depend on or cause changes in intracellular GSH levels and that subtoxic heat treatments induce a pronounced transient decrease in GSH concentration. PMID- 3488281 TI - The effect of pure LICAM(C) on the retention of plutonium-238 in mice and rats. AB - Studies with pure LICAM(C) and with its methyl esters showed that all the substances caused increased renal retention of plutonium-238 in the kidneys of mice and rats but were equally effective in reducing plutonium retention in bone and liver. PMID- 3488283 TI - Effect of hypothermia on radiosensitization. AB - Hypothermia reduces metabolism and oxygen utilization by tissues. If the blood supply to a solid tumour can be maintained at a sufficient level, the hypoxic fraction of tumour cells may be reduced and radiosensitivity increased. This may be achieved if hyperbaric oxygen is used in combination with the hypothermia. The blood supply and oxygen tension have been measured in C3H mouse mammary tumours under hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen, and the enhancement of radiosensitivity by hyperbaric oxygen has been estimated in mice irradiated at different temperatures with and without anaesthesia. Measurement of xenon-133 clearance showed that the blood supply of a tumour tended to increase when anaesthetized mice became hypothermic. Oxygen cathode data showed that the oxygen tension tended to be relatively higher in tumours and lower in subcutaneous tissue when mice exposed to hyperbaric oxygen became hypothermic under anaesthesia. Hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the radiation response of the tumour in terms of an increase in regrowth delay by a factor of 1.7 when the mice had been anaesthetized, whether or not they became hypothermic. A lower factor of 1.4 was obtained without anaesthesia although induced hypothermia increased the response to a small extent. We conclude that anaesthesia and hypothermia affect oxygen metabolism in tumours by different mechanisms. PMID- 3488284 TI - Heat shock (45 degrees C) results in an increase of nuclear matrix protein mass in HeLa cells. AB - The nuclear matrix from HeLa cells heated at 45 degrees C was isolated to determine the effect of thermal shock on its composition and structure. The matrix from unheated cells contained about 10 per cent of total cell protein and was observed to be spherical particle with a diameter ranging from 3 to 5 microns with the major constituent polypeptides having molecular weights of 45, 47, 55, 57, 59 and 65 kilodaltons. The nuclear-matrix protein mass increased linearly with increasing exposure time at 45 degrees C with no observable change in its size or shape. The additional proteins were observed in general to have molecular weights greater than 45 kilodaltons, with marked increases in polypeptides of 28.5, 38.5, 60, 66, 75, 81, 88, 100 and 115 kilodaltons. An exponential relationship was observed between heat-induced cytotoxicity and the nuclear matrix protein mass increase. A 15 per cent increase in matrix protein mass was sustained prior to the onset of cytotoxicity, while a 35 per cent increase in matrix protein content was associated with a 63 per cent probability of cell killing. The results indicate that redistribution of cell protein or alterations in the mass or structure of the nuclear matrix may be involved in heat-induced cytotoxicity. PMID- 3488285 TI - Differential response to gamma radiation of human stomach cancer cells in vitro. AB - In vitro effects of radiation were studied in two permanent cell lines (AGS and SII) from two patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach and three permanent sublines from each cell line. Radiation survival parameters for AGS and SII parent cell lines and sublines were determined after in vitro irradiation of their cells with 0.5 to 10 Gy of 60Co gamma rays. The AGS and SII cell lines had different growth properties, DNA contents and radiation survival curves. Surviving fractions of SII parent cells (76 chromosomes) after 2.0 and 10 Gy were 1.22 and 17.8 times greater, respectively, than values for AGS parent cells (47 chromosomes). Sensitivities (D0) were 1.08 and 1.45 Gy for AGS and SII parent lines, respectively. The D0 values for AGS parent cells and sublines were similar (1.01 to 1.08 Gy), but SII parent cells and sublines had D0 values of 1.45, 1.36, 1.37 and 1.12 Gy (for SII-A). Also, the SII parent cells had survival fractions after 2.0 and 10 Gy that were 1.3 and 11.3 times greater, respectively, than values for the SII-A cells. These data show differences in radiation responses among stomach cancer cell lines and sublines that may relate to DNA content, but there was no consistent correlation between radiation response and a particular cell characteristic. PMID- 3488286 TI - Re-evaluation of in vitro radiosensitivity of human fibroblasts of different genetic origins. AB - A statistical analysis of the radiosensitivity of 204 different survival curves of nontransformed human fibroblast cell strains of different genetic origins was made using three criteria: the multi-target one-hit model (characterized by parameters n and D0), the surviving fraction for a 2 Gy dose (S2) and the mean inactivation dose (D). D is found to be the best parameter for characterization of anomalous radiosensitivity linked to a genetic disorder and for discrimination between groups of cell strains of differing radiosensitivity. Its use allows the description of a range of 'normal' radiosensitivity for control fibroblasts and the classification of the various genetic disorders as a function of their mean radiosensitivity expressed in terms of D. Nine groups of cell strains appear to exhibit radiosensitivity which differs significantly from that of the controls: seven groups are hypersensitive (ataxia-telangiectasia homozygotes and heterozygotes, Cockayne's syndrome, Gardner's syndrome, 5-oxoprolinuria homozygotes and heterozygotes, Fanconi's anaemia) and two groups are more radioresistant (fibroblasts from retinoblastoma patients and from individuals with chromosome 13 anomalies). Since the coupled parameter n and D0 failed to discriminate between the radiosensitivity of the different genetic groups, we recommend the use of D to make an intercomparison of intrinsic radiosensitivity of nontransformed human fibroblasts. PMID- 3488287 TI - Recovery from UV-induced potentially lethal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus skin fibroblasts. AB - The repair of ultraviolet light-induced potentially lethal damage was investigated in density-inhibited skin fibroblast cell strains derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The effect of exposure to polychromatic ultraviolet light composed of environmentally relevant wavelengths or to the more commonly studied, short wavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet light was studied. Systemic lupus erythematosus cells, which are hypersensitive to ultraviolet light under growth promoting conditions, were able to repair potentially lethal damage as well as normal cells. PMID- 3488288 TI - Hot spot kinetics of the sonolysis of aqueous acetate solutions. AB - Water and acetate solutions were irradiated under argon by 300 kHz ultrasonic waves. Oxygen was found to be generated besides the products H2 and H2O2, already known. In the presence of acetate the O2 yield decreased rapidly while that of H2O2 decreased more slowly. Succinic acid was found as a product of the attack of OH radicals on acetate. Appreciable amounts of glyoxylic and glycolic acid and smaller amounts of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide were also detected. They resulted from the reaction of sonolytically generated oxygen with CH2CO2- radicals, produced upon attack of OH on acetate. Methane was a minor product of sonolysis. At acetate concentrations above 0.4 mol dm-3 CO2 and CO became the predominant products of sonolysis. This is explained by a second kind of action of ultrasound on dissolved acetate, i.e. by a thermal decomposition. This decomposition is possibly facilitated by radical attack on acetate. The results are discussed in terms of a 'structured hot spot' model, in which three regions for the occurrence of chemical reactions are postulated: a hot gaseous nucleus, an interfacial region with radial gradient in temperature and local radical density; and the bulk solution at ambient temperature. PMID- 3488289 TI - Effects of 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine on radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in liposomes and in rat liver microsomal suspensions. AB - gamma-Irradiation of rat liver microsomal suspensions resulted in the accumulation of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides. The presence of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) during the irradiation period decreased the formation of MDA and lipid hydroperoxides in a dose (MPG)-dependent manner. This may be attributed to the ability of MPG to scavenge the free radicals produced by irradiation. Post-irradiation incubation of microsomes further enhanced the production of both MDA and lipid hydroperoxides; when high concentrations of MPG were present during the incubations the production of MDA and lipid hydroperoxides was substantially decreased. This antioxidant role of MPG was demonstrated for both pre-irradiated microsomes and liposomes and is thought to be due to the conversion of the hydroperoxy to hydroxy fatty acids within the lipid bilayer, as well as the scavenging action on initiating free radicals. PMID- 3488290 TI - The use of solid-state image sensor technology to detect and characterize live mammalian cells growing in tissue culture. AB - Arguments are presented that approximately 30 000 cells have to be measured in a single experiment to measure radiobiological parameters in a low-dose survival assay. For this purpose, a fully automated device capable of detecting and recognizing individual live unstained mammalian cells at a rate of 1 cm2/min is required. Specifications of such a system are derived and evidence is presented which suggests that this can best be carried out using a solid-state image sensor in the form of a linear array of photodetectors. The outline of the design and other potential uses of such a device are discussed. PMID- 3488291 TI - The dose rate dependence of oncogenic transformation by neutrons may be due to variation of response during the cell cycle. PMID- 3488292 TI - Handicap 1 year following surgery for lumbar disc herniation: special reference to social and vocational factors. AB - The aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify social and vocational factors defining occupation handicap in 212 patients operated 1 year earlier for lumbar disc herniation. It seemed that many social and vocational factors had a significant correlation with low back pain problems. Although it is not always relevant to offer social and vocational factors as the cause of back complaint, these may be regarded as associated factors where the link could exist through coping with life situation. PMID- 3488293 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute spinal injuries. AB - 439 acute, male, spinal injury patients were admitted over an 11-year period at the National Spinal Injuries Centre: 206 cervical, 182 dorsal, and 51 lumbar cord injuries. 27 patients had gastrointestinal bleeds; 20 bled on one occasion, 7 had more than one episode; 22 bled within 4 weeks of injury. The mean was 22.5 days. The presentation was mostly malaena. A diagnosis was made in 19 cases; 12 had duodenal ulcers, 4 gastric ulcers, 1 had gastritis, 1 had a gastric carcinoma, 1 had oesophagitis with a possible Mallory-Weiss tear; 4 died. The incidence was higher in cervical patients. Causation was thought to be due to patients being sick from severe intercurrent illnesses and injuries. Implications for further research are discussed. PMID- 3488294 TI - Surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysms. AB - An analysis of 37 patients surgically treated for left ventricular aneurysms provides preoperative clinical information regarding surgical risk. Operative mortality can be correlated with clinical and cardiac functional data as well as with the extent of coronary artery disease. Review of operative mortality in relation to the surgical procedure and the functional status of survivors indicates that aorto-coronary bypass grafting, complementary to aneurysmectomy, not only relieves angina pectoris, but also improves the functional status of the residual myocardium. PMID- 3488295 TI - Alterations in stromal glycoconjugates in macular corneal dystrophy. AB - Nine biotinylated lectins were used as histochemical probes to localize the carbohydrates residues of glycoconjugates in normal corneas and in corneas with macular and granular dystrophy. The lectin binding patterns of normal corneas and of corneas with granular dystrophy were indistinguishable from one another, but were distinctly different from those found in corneas with macular dystrophy. Concanavalin A reacted weakly with normal corneal stromal matrix, but stained stromal matrix of corneas with macular dystrophy intensely. Furthermore, unlike the normal corneal matrix, stromal matrix of corneas with macular dystrophy reacted positively with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), Ulex europeus I, Dolichos biflorus, Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, and soybean and peanut lectins. This study demonstrates specific alterations in glycoconjugates which occur in the corneal matrix of patients with macular dystrophy, namely the presence of oligosaccharides with terminal alpha-fucose, beta-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine residues, and oligosaccharide chains with a beta galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine sequence. PMID- 3488296 TI - Anaphylatoxin levels in human aqueous humor. AB - Radioimmunoassay was used to measure levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a in aqueous humor from 13 normal eyes, 8 noninflamed eyes with a history of surgery or inflammation, and 14 eyes with anterior uveitis. The authors were unable to measure levels of C3a, C4a, or C5a in normal aqueous humor. In noninflamed aqueous humor from eyes with a history of surgery or inflammation, the authors were unable to measure levels of C4a or C5a, but were able to measure low levels of C3a in 3/8 patients. In aqueous humor from eyes with anterior uveitis, the authors were able to measure levels of C3a in all 14 patients, C4a in 9/14 patients, and C5a in 5/14 patients. Patients with severe anterior uveitis had higher levels of C3a than those with moderate anterior uveitis. The higher ratios of anaphylatoxin to protein levels in inflamed aqueous humor, when compared to normal plasma or noninflamed aqueous humor, suggested that complement was being activated by either the classical or alternative pathways in inflamed aqueous humor. Measurable levels of C3a without detectable C4a in five patients with anterior uveitis suggested alternative pathway activation of complement. PMID- 3488297 TI - Uveoretinitis and pinealitis induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. AB - Rats immunized with microgram amounts of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a glycoprotein which localizes specifically in the eye and pineal gland, developed uveoretinitis and pinealitis. The severity and onset of changes were found to be dose-related and to be enhanced by B. pertussis bacteria. In general, the inflammatory changes induced by IRBP resembled those provoked by S antigen (S-Ag), but significant differences were noted between the two diseases. The possible usefulness of the new experimental autoimmune disease is discussed. PMID- 3488299 TI - Chronic ear discharge in an elderly diabetic man. PMID- 3488298 TI - Phase I trial of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and citrovorum factor. AB - A Phase I trial of intraperitoneally administered 5-FU and citrovorum factor was performed in eight patients with a variety of malignancies. Both drugs were given according to a single weekly dose schedule in a volume estimated to be 2000 cc, including residual ascites. Citrovorum factor 50 mg was given first, immediately followed by 5-FU 1000-3400 mg, according to a dose-escalating schedule. Myelosuppression proved to be the dose-limiting toxicity, though mucositis, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain were also produced. Six patients failed to respond to therapy. One patient with malignant mesothelioma showed a significant decrease in the production of malignant ascites and a transient conversion of peritoneal fluid cytologies from positive to negative, while a second patient with pancreatic cancer showed conversion of peritoneal fluid cytologies from positive to negative and demonstrated an objective partial response of an hepatic metastasis. Dosage adjustment according to body surface area would seem indicated by the toxicity data, with a 5-FU dose of 1200 mg/m2 body surface area and citrovorum factor 50 mg/m2 being recommended for Phase II trials of this combination of drugs given according to this weekly schedule. PMID- 3488301 TI - H-2 specific inotropic effect of alloimmune lymphoid cells on mouse isolated atria. AB - Alloimmunized lymphoid cells exert inotropic effects on isolated mouse atria. We here show that, when thymocytes were assayed on spontaneously beating isolated atria, a negative inotropic effect always appeared. When lymph node or spleen cells were assayed, they led to a biphasic effect: negative or positive inotropic effect, depending on the number of immunizations. Non-immunized lymphoid cells never exerted inotropic effects. Supernatants of alloimmunized cells cocultivated with pieces of atria from the immunizing strain exerted pharmacological effects on atria that mimicked those of whole cells. Inhibitors of lipoxygenase(s) and cyclooxygenase of arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibited the positive and negative inotropic effects, respectively. The specificity of the negative and positive inotropic effects, both in their induction and expression, was linked to the major histocompatibility complex. When T and B cells were purified from lymphoid tissues we found that they were responsible for the negative and positive inotropic effects on atria, respectively. Additionally, supernatants of T cells cultured with alloextracts triggered negative inotropic effects, but those from B cells were inactivated. PMID- 3488300 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis: an underestimated disorder? PMID- 3488302 TI - Suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulin production by a soluble factor produced by a human thymus hybridoma. AB - A human thymus cell hybridoma was established using thymus cells obtained from a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and associated thymoma. This hybridoma secreted a suppressor factor for polyclonal antibody synthesis. Supernatants of this hybrid showed 40-80% suppression of both IgM and IgG synthesis by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Hybridoma supernatants were suppressive for immunoglobulin production only if added within the initial 48 h of the seven-day culture period. Suppression of antibody production by the hybridoma supernatant was prevented by preabsorption with T lymphocytes. Further, the suppressor factor was shown to inhibit antibody production in reconstructed cultures containing T4+ cells and B cells, yet the suppression could be abrogated by increasing the number of T4+ cells. The hybrid supernatant had no affect on the proliferation of human mononuclear cells in response to pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A or alloantigen but inhibited phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation. The target cell population for the inhibition of phytohemagglutinin responsiveness was shown to be a T4+ lymphocyte (helper inducer T cell). These results suggest that thymus hybridoma cells can produce immunoregulatory products that act through the modulation of T4+ lymphocyte function. To our knowledge this is the first human thymus cell hybridoma to be reported. Studies on such cell lines may provide important information on immunoregulatory thymic factors. PMID- 3488304 TI - In vitro enhancement of the proliferative response of human T cells to autologous non-T cells by hydralazine. AB - While high doses of hydralazine inhibit the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to mitogens and antigens, low doses (0.15 microgram/ml) selectively enhance the proliferative response of T cells to autologous non-T cells. The effect is especially pronounced on lymphocytes which express the HLA-DR4 allospecificity. These results suggest that the autologous mixed lymphocyte response with non-T cells may represent a useful in vitro model to analyse the mechanism(s) of the immunologic abnormalities induced by hydralazine. PMID- 3488305 TI - Role of visual and static vestibular influences on dynamic posture control. AB - Postural stabilization in altered visual and vestibular conditions was investigated in humans subjected to fast transient disturbances and during sinusoidal movement of the standing support. Visual inputs were varied by applying stroboscopic illumination, stabilizing the visual surround in respect to head movements, inducing apparent body movement in pitch by continuously moving stripe patterns up or down and by eye closure. Static vestibular input was modified by bending the head forwards or backwards, or to the right or left shoulder (eyes closed). Neither biomechanical parameters of standing nor EMG responses of the anterior tibial and triceps surae muscles were modified by the different visual and vestibular conditions during fast transient (80 degrees/s) platform movements 4 degrees toe-up. Continuous regulation of upright stance during sinusoidal movements (1 Hz, 0.3 Hz), however, clearly depended on the different modifications of visual and vestibular inputs. Fast transient disturbances are easily compensated in a reflex-like manner independent of visual and vestibular feedback. Continuous regulation of upright posture during slow disturbances, however, clearly depends on the evaluation of afferent information from the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. PMID- 3488303 TI - Effect of in vitro exposure to styrene, styrene oxide, and other structurally related compounds on murine cell-mediated immunity. AB - Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to nontoxic doses of styrene, styrene oxide, styrene glycol, allylbenzene, ethylbenzene and toluene. None of these compounds except allylbenzene showed any great suppression or stimulation of the cytotoxic-T lymphocyte response. Allylbenzene was a strong suppressor of the cytotoxic-T lymphocyte response but, like the other compounds, had no effect on natural cytotoxicity. Styrene glycol, ethylbenzene and toluene also did not suppress natural killer cell activity. In contrast, styrene, styrene oxide and allylbenzene were strong suppressors of natural killer cell activity. The natural killer cell inhibition caused by styrene oxide did not occur if treatment was performed at 0 degree C instead of 37 degrees C, and was reversed by the addition of 5 mM glutathione or a 30 min recovery period at 37 degrees C. The natural killer cell suppression caused by allylbenzene was not reversed by these methods. These compounds may be causing natural killer cell suppression by different mechanisms, depending on the compound under study, and on whether these compounds contain a double bond or an epoxide moiety. PMID- 3488306 TI - Stiffness of sensory hair bundles in the sacculus of the frog. AB - The stiffness of individual hair bundles of hair cells from the frog sacculus was measured using calibrated quartz probes. For displacements of up to 1 micron in either direction (angular deflections up to +/- 0.13 rad) the stiffness was constant. The stiffness did not depend on whether the bundle was in compression or tension. At first approximation, the stiffness was inversely proportional to the square of the height of application of the force above the apical surface of the hair cell. This is consistent with pivoting of the stereocilia within the hair bundle about their points of insertion into the cuticular plate. The pivotal stiffness of the bundle was approximately proportional to the bundle's cross sectional area and hence to the number of stereocilia of which it is composed. It is inferred that the contribution of the kinocilium to the total bundle stiffness is small. It is concluded that applied forces are shared almost equally amongst all stereocilia, that there is relative shear between neighbouring stereocilia during bundle deflection and that each stereocilium contributes a pivotal stiffness of 0.49 +/- 0.15 X 10(-15) N X m X rad-1. The measured stiffness of the stereocilium is consistent with a structure which bends mainly at the tapering insertion point. The data are also consistent with little cross-linking here between actin filaments. The nature of the links between stereocilia in the hair bundle is also discussed. PMID- 3488307 TI - Toxicity of sulphonamide-diaminopyrimidine combinations: implications for future use. PMID- 3488308 TI - Qualitative and quantitative aspects of beta-lactamase production as mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in a survey of clinical isolates from faecal samples. AB - A study has been conducted to identify the beta-lactamases most likely to contribute to beta-lactam resistance in clinical populations and to investigate their interactions with cefuroxime and newer cephalosporins. A total of 217 ampicillin-resistant, Gram-negative isolates from faecal samples of healthy volunteers in Germany, South America and Amman were investigated. Such strains represent the 'gene pool' from which infections might arise. Escherichia coli was the prevalent species (59.9%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.3%) and Enterobacter cloacae (12.0%). At least 56.7% and possibly as high as 64.5% of strains owed their principal beta-lactamase activity to enzymes mediated by R plasmids. The most prevalent R-plasmid mediated beta-lactamase was TEM-1 which was produced by 109 strains. The beta-lactamase activity of strains producing only a chromosomal enzyme was often markedly higher than that of strains also producing an R-plasmid mediated enzyme. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of beta-lactamase production were investigated in cell free and whole cell tests and this confirmed the superior broad spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of ceftazidime over other new cephalosporins. PMID- 3488309 TI - Influence of three modes of administration on the penetration of latamoxef into interstitial fluid and fibrin clots and its in-vivo activity against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The extravascular penetration and bactericidal activity of latamoxef against beta lactamase positive Haemophilus influenzae were studied in a rabbit model. All groups of animals received over 24 h an identical dose of 100 mg/kg of latamoxef given by three different intravenous modes of administration including a single large injection of 100 mg/kg, four 25 mg/kg intermittent injections every 6 h, and a continuous infusion of 100 mg/kg over 24 h. A single large injection resulted in significantly higher peak levels and higher initial area under the curve of concentrations of drug in serum, interstitial fluid, and fibrin clots than other modes of administration. Continuous infusion resulted in an accumulation of drug in clots which rose from 1.0 microgram/g at 4 h to 4.9 micrograms/g at 24 h (P value less than 0.01). The rate of killing of H. influenzae imbedded in fibrin clots was greatly influenced by the different modes of therapy. Even though all regimens resulted in peak concentrations which were more than 80 times the MIC (0.03 mg/l) in the fibrin clots, rapid killing (from 10(7) to less than 10(2) micro-organisms per g of clots in less than 6 h) was only observed with a single bolus. Continuous infusion and intermittent injections of latamoxef resulted in limited in-vivo bactericidal activity. Large doses of latamoxef given at long intervals may be more effective than intermittent dosing or continuous infusion. PMID- 3488310 TI - Apparatus for long-term ventricular access in the awake canine. AB - An apparatus is described that permits lateral ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to be sampled or an infusion to be performed into the ventricular system in the awake canine. The device has been used in 25 dogs. CSF was sampled, and experiments involving infusions into the lateral ventricle were performed over a 6- to 24-mo period. The maximum frequency of ventricular cannulation using the apparatus was once per week. Complications occurred in 10 dogs, all of which were successfully treated, permitting experiments to continue. Three fatal complications included meningitis in one animal at 24 mo and seizures in two animals, causing death at 12 and 18 mo. Administration of peptides, bombesin, and somatostatin into the ventricular system was followed by prompt rises in bombesin and somatostatin radioimmunoactivity in the CSF. There were no parallel increases of these peptides in the peripheral blood levels up to 2 h after infusion. Peptides of this molecular weight infused with this apparatus do not seem to leak into peripheral blood. The apparatus permits repeated ventricular cannulation in the awake canine for sampling of CSF and administration of biological substances to determine specific central nervous system action. PMID- 3488311 TI - Regional lung water measured with positron emission tomography. PMID- 3488312 TI - Serum-free culture conditions for the growth of normal rat mammary epithelial cells in primary culture. AB - A monolayer culture system has recently been developed for the extended growth and serial passage of normal rat mammary epithelial (RME) cells. In this system the cells undergo greater than 20 population doublings when grown on type I collagen-coated tissue culture dishes in Ham's F12 medium supplemented with insulin, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor, prolactin, progesterone, cholera toxin, and 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The purpose of the present studies was to define additional growth factors that would allow equivalent RME cell proliferation in serum-free medium. Ethanolamine (EA) was effective at reducing the FBS requirements for RME cell proliferation and at its optimum concentration did so by greater than 20-fold. Even with optimum levels of EA there was essentially no cell proliferation in the absence of FBS. However, addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the hormone, growth factor, and EA supplemented medium resulted in substantial proliferation in the absence of serum, and the further addition of transferring (T) potentiated this effect. Thus, in this culture system, replacement of FBS with EA, BSA, and T resulted in RME cell proliferation in primary culture which was equivalent to that obtained in the 5% FBS-containing medium. PMID- 3488313 TI - Liver plasma membrane calcium transport. Evidence for a Na+-dependent Ca2+ flux. AB - Plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat liver exhibited an azide-insensitive Mg2+-ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump which accumulated Ca2+ at a rate of 5.1 +/- 0.5 nmol of calcium/mg of protein/min and reached a total accumulation of 33.2 +/- 2.6 nmol of calcium/mg of protein in 20 microM Ca2+ at 37 degrees C. Equiosmotic addition of 50 mM Na+ resulted in a loss of accumulated calcium. Measurement of Mg2+-ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in the presence of 50 mM Na+ revealed no effect of Na+ on the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake, but a decrease in the total accumulation. The half-maximal effect of Na+ on Ca2+ accumulation was achieved at 14 mM. The Ca2+ efflux rate constant in the absence of Na+ was 0.16 +/- 0.01 min-1, whereas the efflux rate constant in the presence of 50 mM Na+ was 0.25 +/- 0.02 min-1. Liver homogenate sedimentation fractions from 1,500 to 105,000 X g were assayed for azide-insensitive Mg2+-ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation. Na+-sensitive Ca2+ uptake activity was found to specifically co-sediment with the plasma membrane associated enzymes, 5'-nucleotidase and Na+/K+-ATPase, whereas Na+-insensitive Ca2+ uptake was found to co-sediment with the endoplasmic reticulum-associated enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. The plasma membrane Ca2+ pump was also distinguished from the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump by its sensitivity to inhibition by vanadate. Half-maximal inhibition of plasma membrane Ca2+ uptake occurred at 0.8 microM VO4(3-), whereas half-maximal inhibition of microsomal Ca2+ uptake occurred at 40 microM. PMID- 3488314 TI - Opposite and selective effects of epidermal growth factor and human platelet transforming growth factor-beta on the production of secreted proteins by murine 3T3 cells and human fibroblasts. AB - Growth regulators such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) regulate the synthesis and secretion of certain proteins by cells in culture. The secretion pattern of each cell line and the effect of growth regulators on the secretion pattern are unique. EGF increased the secreted and intracellular levels of mitogen-regulated protein (MRP) and major excreted protein (MEP) by Swiss 3T3 cells. MRP is related by sequence to prolactin. MEP is a thiol protease located intracellularly in the lysosomes. EGF also selectively induced a 52,000-dalton mitogen-induced protein (MIP 52) secreted by human fibroblasts. Two types of TGF-betas were tested for their effects on the expression of secreted proteins in mouse and human fibroblasts: TGF-beta from human platelets and a growth inhibitor (GI/TGF-beta) secreted by BSC-1 cells. Each selectively decreased the levels of the two secreted proteins induced by growth factors in mouse embryo 3T3 cells and one secreted protein induced by growth factors in human fibroblasts. Platelet TGF beta and GI/TGF-beta also induced one 48,000-dalton protein secreted by human fibroblasts. Synthesis of DNA and the incorporation of [35S]methionine into total protein in Swiss 3T3 cells were not affected by platelet TGF-beta or GI/TGF-beta. Thus, the inhibitory effect of platelet TGF-beta on the synthesis and secretion of these three proteins is due to a specific effect of platelet TGF-beta on the regulation of MRP and MEP that does not interfere with the ability of EGF to stimulate DNA or protein synthesis. PMID- 3488315 TI - Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and 1-oleyl-2-acetyldiacylglycerol stimulate inositol trisphosphate dephosphorylation in human platelets. AB - Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) is formed in response to specific agonists that cause activation of phospholipase C and degradation of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. IP3 is a second messenger that releases Ca2+ from the dense tubular system to the cytosol in stimulated platelets. Our present information indicates that [3H]IP3 is dephosphorylated to [3H]inositol bisphosphate (IP2) and [3H]inositol monophosphate (IP) by human platelets treated with 0.05-0.10% Triton X-100. This dephosphorylation of [3H]IP3 to [3H]IP2 and [3H]IP is also observed when platelets are permeabilized by electrical stimulation or by 20 micrograms/ml saponin. These detergents or electropermeabilization allow IP3 to access cytosolic IP3 phosphatase. Pretreatment of intact platelets with phorbol dibutyrate and 1-oleyl-2-acetyldiacylglycerol for 30 s, at concentrations that maximally activate protein kinase C, stimulates the conversion of IP3 to IP2 and IP. This suggests a role for protein kinase C in the regulation of IP3 degradation. PMID- 3488316 TI - Developmental appearance of matrix GLA protein during calcification in the rat. AB - A marked dissociation has been observed between the timed accumulation in calcified tissues of two related vitamin K-dependent proteins, bone Gla protein (BGP) and the recently discovered matrix Gla protein (MGP). In long bone diaphyses, total levels of MGP were essentially equivalent in newborn, juvenile, and adult rats. In agreement with previous studies, BGP levels were only 5% of adult levels in newborn rat bones and increased to 90% of adult levels by 19 days of age. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of the longitudinal distribution of MGP and BGP in 14-day-old rat tibia, a bone in which new mineral is added rapidly at both growth plates. Again, MGP was essentially at the same level in the regions nearest the growth plates as in the midshaft while BGP levels were 10-fold lower in the regions nearest the growth plates. These differences in the timed accumulation of MGP and BGP in calcifying tissues indicate that MGP could function earlier in bone formation than does BGP. To further characterize the MGP antigen in bone, extracts from newborn and adult rat bones were chromatographed by gel filtration over Sephacryl S-200. All of the antigen extracted by formic acid and most of the antigen subsequently extracted by guanidine HCI emerged at the position expected for the 79-residue MGP. There was a significant difference in the fraction of total MGP which was extracted by guanidine HCI in newborn (50%) and adult (20%) bone. The radioimmunoassay for rat MGP which was developed for these studies employs rabbit antibody directed against calf MGP and rat MGP for standards and radioiodinated tracer. This assay has a sensitivity of 0.1 ng and does not detect rat or calf BGP. PMID- 3488318 TI - Lengthening the ulna in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses. AB - Deformity of the forearm is common in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses, producing cosmetic and functional impairment in which shortening of the ulna is a significant factor. The results of ulnar lengthening in 10 forearms of eight patients are reported. Lengthening was performed by osteotomy of the shaft followed immediately by a bone graft and internal fixation, or by gradual distraction with an external fixator. In all patients the appearance was improved and the range of radial deviation at the wrist was increased. In most patients forearm movement and radial head stability were improved. Partial recurrence of the deformity was seen during the follow-up of skeletally immature patients, but in general ulnar lengthening was found to be a useful operation. PMID- 3488317 TI - Isolation of six cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human urine. Their physicochemical and enzyme kinetic properties and concentrations in biological fluids. AB - Six cysteine proteinase inhibitors were isolated from human urine by affinity chromatography on insolubilized carboxymethylpapain followed by ion-exchange chromatography and immunosorption. Physicochemical and immunochemical measurements identified one as cystatin A, one as cystatin B, one as cystatin C, one as cystatin S, and one as low molecular weight kininogen. The sixth inhibitor displayed immunochemical cross-reactivity with salivary cystatin S but had a different pI (6.85 versus 4.68) and a different (blocked) N-terminal amino acid. This inhibitor was tentatively designated cystatin SU. The isolated inhibitors accounted for nearly all of the cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity of the urinary pool used as starting material. The enzyme inhibitory properties of the inhibitors were investigated by measuring inhibition and rate constants for their interactions with papain and human cathepsin B. Antisera raised against the inhibitors were used in immunochemical determinations of their concentrations in several biological fluids. The combined enzyme kinetic and concentration data showed that several of the inhibitors have the capacity to play physiologically important roles as cysteine proteinase inhibitors in many biological fluids. Cystatin C had the highest molar concentration of the inhibitors in seminal plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and milk; cystatin S in saliva and tears; and kininogen in blood plasma, synovial fluid, and amniotic fluid. PMID- 3488320 TI - Granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in serum-free culture: effects of purified colony-stimulating factors and modulation by hydrocortisone. AB - The effects of three purified colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) with different specificities for the granulocyte (G) and macrophage (M) lineages (G-CSF, CSF-1 and GM-CSF) were studied in a serum-free clonal assay system. The results were compared with those obtained in similar cultures containing fetal calf serum (FCS). Total clone (greater than or equal to 10 cells) and colony (greater than or equal to 50 cells) numbers were enhanced by FCS under most conditions. However, the extent of enhancement was highly dependent on the concentration and type of CSF. In some instances, FCS also altered the proportions of G, M, and mixed GM clones induced by the CSFs. In cultures stimulated with GM-CSF, enhancement by FCS was significant only at low CSF concentrations, primarily due to increased numbers of M clones. In contrast, clonal growth was increased by FCS only at high concentrations of CSF-1. Clone and colony numbers induced by G-CSF were greatly increased in cultures with FCS at all CSF concentrations tested. Virtually all clones developing in serum-free medium with G-CSF were pure G, whereas, M and GM clones were usually present in serum-containing cultures with high doses of G-CSF. The effects of hydrocortisone (HC) were also examined in these experiments. Like modulation by FCS, modulation of clonal growth by HC depended on the CSF used as stimulus, having no effect in cultures with G-CSF, inhibitory effects with CSF-1, and variable effects with GM-CSF related to CSF concentration. PMID- 3488319 TI - In vivo augmentation of the cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes against syngeneic B-16 melanoma cells and the suppression of the artificial metastases in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous multiple injections of high dose human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). AB - The cytotoxicity of spleen lymphocytes against YAC-1 cells, against syngeneic B 16 and F-10 melanoma cells was augmented not only by incubation of spleen lymphocytes with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in vitro, but also by injecting C57BL/6 mice with high dose rIL-2 for more than 3 consecutive days. In animals injected s.c. with multiple high dose rIL-2, the numbers of tumor nodules in the lung were significantly decreased 21 days after i.v. tumor inoculation. In addition, in these groups of animals no liver metastases were observed although liver metastases were detected in 6/11 control mice. PMID- 3488321 TI - Bi-functional action of transforming growth factor-beta on DNA synthesis in early passage human fetal fibroblasts. AB - We investigated the influence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on DNA synthesis in human fetal fibroblasts, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and cell replication. In serum-free medium, without additional peptide growth factors, TGF-beta had no action on thymidine incorporation. However, in the presence of 0.1% v/v fetal calf serum, TGF-beta exhibited a bi functional action on the cells. A dose-dependent stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation, and an increase in cell number, occurred with fibroblasts established from fetuses under 50 g body weight, with a maximum stimulation seen at 1.25 ng/ml. For fibroblasts from fetuses of 100 g or greater body weight, TGF beta caused a dose-related decrease in thymidine uptake with a maximal inhibition at 2.5 ng/ml, and a small decrease in cell number. When DNA synthesis was stimulated by the addition of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I, epidermal growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor, their actions were potentiated by the presence of TGF-beta on cells derived from fetuses under 50 g body weight, but inhibited on cells obtained from the larger fetuses weighing more than 100 g. Similar results were found for changes in cell number in response to TGF-beta when stimulated by SM-C/IGF I. The ability of TGF-beta to modulate [3H] thymidine incorporation did not involve a change in the time required for growth-restricted cells to enter the S phase of the replication cycle. These data suggest that TGF-beta may exert either a growth-promoting or growth-inhibiting action on human fetal connective tissues in the presence of other peptide growth factors, which is dependent on fetal age and development. PMID- 3488322 TI - Brain organization in schizophrenia. AB - Brain metabolism was measured with positron emission tomography and [11C]deoxyglucose during baseline and during a visual task in 12 normal subjects and 18 schizophrenic patients. Global measures of metabolism for 11 brain regions were transformed into relative values by dividing them by the metabolic value for whole brain. Factor analysis was accomplished on the matrix of intercorrelations among the relative regional values for the normal and for the schizophrenic patients under baseline and under the task. Four factors that revealed independently varying metabolism in frontal, occipital, left-versus-right hemisphere, and subcortical structures were obtained. The frontal and subcortical factors discriminated between normal subjects and schizophrenic patients, whereas the occipital factor discriminated between baseline and task. Although activity in these individual regions varied significantly, it was the pattern of differences in regional metabolic activity that best discriminated between diagnostic groups and testing conditions. PMID- 3488323 TI - Tomographic mapping of kinetic rate constants in the fluorodeoxyglucose model using dynamic positron emission tomography. AB - A quick computing algorithm to calculate the rate constants (k*1, k*2, k*3) in the [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) model was developed. The algorithm solved for the rate constants pixel by pixel using a conventional least-squares method and two tables consisting of a set of various rate constants, to shorten the computing time. Five planes of rate constant images were obtained. A combined study using the dynamic FDG method and the 15O-labeled gas continuous inhalation method was performed on seven healthy male volunteers aged 26-35 years. Results indicated an apparent discrepancy between CMRglu and CMRO2 in the cerebellum, where the low glucose utilization was correlated with a low FDG phosphorylation rate (k*3) despite a sufficient FDG transportation rate (k*1) from plasma to tissue. PMID- 3488324 TI - Reversed-phase chromatography of interleukin-2 muteins. AB - Human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and related species have been characterized by chemical modifications, tryptic digestion, and cyanogen bromide digestion. The oxidation states of the cysteines and methionines in several IL-2 muteins have been determined. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography allowed us to distinguish the modifications in these muteins and to correlate retention behavior with their structure. PMID- 3488325 TI - New resin-based hydrophilic support for high-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography. PMID- 3488326 TI - Regulation of the activities of 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase in the human adrenal cortex: kinetic analysis and inhibition by endogenous steroids. AB - Kinetic analyses of 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase activities have been performed on human adrenal microsomes from 12 individuals, aged 1-60 yr. The median Michaelis constant of 17-hydroxylase for the substrate pregnenolone was 0.09 microM, and that of 17,20-desmolase for the substrate 17-hydroxypregnenolone was 0.12 microM. The median maximum velocity of 17-hydroxylase (0.25 nmol/mg X min) was significantly greater than that of the desmolase (0.13 nmol/mg X min). There was no significant correlation between the age of the adrenal donor and the Michaelis constant, but the maximum velocity for both activities in the single infant donor was lower than the values in older individuals. The inhibitory effects of various steroids on both enzyme activities also were studied. All steroids examined, except cortisol, competitively inhibited both enzymes. In each case the inhibition constant was higher for 17-hydroxylase than for 17,20 desmolase, indicating that C21 side-chain cleavage would be more sensitive to inhibition by endogenous steroids. The results, taken together with those of similar studies of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase kinetics, are compatible with the suggestion that increased enzyme synthesis mediated by ACTH and differential inhibition by endogenous steroids may, in part, account for developmental changes in adrenal hormone secretion. PMID- 3488328 TI - Assignment of the gene for adrenal P450c17 (steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase) to human chromosome 10. AB - P450c17 is the single enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities. We identified several human P450c17 cDNA clones in a human adrenal cDNA library we constructed in lambda gt10. A short clone containing the 3' terminal 650 bases of the full-length sequence was used to examine Southern blots of DNA from normal persons and from a panel of mouse/human somatic cell hybrid lines. The pattern of hybridization of this cDNA to normal human DNA cut with 8 restriction endonucleases suggests the human genome has two (or more) P450c17 genes. The pattern of hybridization to the somatic cell hybrid cell lines, each containing a limited, known number of human chromosomes, indicates the human adrenal P450c17 gene lies on chromosome 10. The chromosomal locations of the other P450c17 genes could not be determined. PMID- 3488327 TI - Serum vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 metabolite concentrations and absorption of vitamin D2 in elderly subjects. AB - The serum vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 metabolite concentrations and intestinal absorption of vitamin D2 were determined in healthy ambulatory and chronically institutionalized elderly subjects with normal renal function. The 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were normal in all subjects (range, 8-43 ng/ml), although institutionalized subjects had a significantly lower mean value [19.2 +/- 2 (+/- SEM) ng/ml; P less than 0.01] compared with ambulatory subjects (25.3 +/- 2 ng/ml). All but one ambulatory subject had 25OHD3 as the major circulating form, whereas 25OHD2 was the major circulating metabolite in one third of the institutionalized subjects. The mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D] concentration in both groups was normal, but nine subjects had levels at or below the lower limit of normal despite normal 25OHD concentrations. Separate assay of 1,25-(OH)2D2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 revealed proportional distributions similar to those for 25OHD2 and 25OHD3. To study the effect of age on the intestinal absorption of vitamin D, we compared serum vitamin D2 concentrations after oral administration of 50,000 IU vitamin D2 in both healthy vitamin D-sufficient elderly subjects and young adults. We found no evidence of malabsorption of vitamin D in the elderly subjects. In summary, elderly subjects in New York, whether institutionalized or not, have normal serum 25OHD concentrations. However, while most elderly subjects have normal serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels, a significant proportion fail to produce normal concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D, possibly due to age-related disturbances in renal synthesis of the hormone. PMID- 3488329 TI - Correlation between the light diffraction pattern and the structure of a muscle fibre realized with Ewald's construction. AB - Ewald's construction of reciprocal space is used to explain the diffraction pattern obtained by illumination of a skeletal muscle fibre with laser light. The question of whether the illuminated fibre segment acts as a monocrystal or as a conglomerate of crystallites is answered by determining the longitudinal extension of the layer lines; neither the whole muscle fibre nor the single myofibril acts as the diffracting unit. The characteristic fine structure within a layer line ('streaks') is explained by Ewald's formalism as being caused by diffraction from partial volumes of the illuminated fibre segment. These partial volumes constitute the main diffracting units. Any cross-section of a 100 micron diameter fibre contains 3-6 such units. They are delineated from each other by the skew of the diffracting planes with respect to the fibre axis, and possibly by small differences in sarcomere length. Within a unit, skew angle and sarcomere length are nearly constant. Light intensity measurements along the length of a layer line at various tilt angles (omega) between fibre and beam axis provide an overview of the size and the skew angle of the various diffracting units within the illuminated fibre segment. The cross-sections of the diffracting units were measured in 'mini'-omega-scans of streaks created by them and from the maximal streak length. In general, the units had noncircular cross-section, the length of the main axis ranging between 10 micron and the fibre diameter. The axial extensions of the diffracting units determined in fibre length scans was 100-300 micron. The results of diffraction experiments reported in the literature as well as the data from light and electron microscopy are in agreement with the fibre structure suggested above. Sarcomere length determination by light diffractometry is discussed within the framework of the Ewald formalism, and recommendations for an experimental procedure are given. PMID- 3488330 TI - Width and lattice spacing in radially compressed frog skinned muscle fibres at various pH values, magnesium ion concentrations and ionic strengths. AB - The width (D) and the 1,0 lattice spacing (d1,0) at various ionic compositions of mechanically skinned single fibres (from semitendinosus muscle of Rana catesbeiana) were measured at various concentrations of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30, Mn = 40 000) from 0 to 6% at 20 degrees C. In a standard relaxing solution (4 mM MgATP2-, 1 mM Mg2+, 4 mM EGTA, ionic strength 150 mM and pH 7), d1,0 decreased exponentially as the PVP concentration increased: d1,0 was 41.3 +/ 0.4 (mean +/- S.D.) nm at 0% PVP and 32.9 +/- 0.4 nm at 6% PVP. D was proportional to d1,0 except at very low PVP concentrations, i.e. at 1% PVP, D decreased by 7%, whereas d1,0 decreased by only 3%. At 0% PVP, D and d1,0 decreased when either pH or ionic strength (gamma/2) was lowered. At 6% PVP, D and d1,0 decreased with lowered pH or increased [Mg2+], but was independent of gamma/2. The radial stiffness, or degree of resistance to the changes of D against the compressing force, increased considerably at d1,0 less than or equal to 35 nm in a standard relaxing solution, but not at pH 5.5 or 30 mM [Mg2+]. These effects of pH, [Mg2+] and gamma/2 on D or d1,0 and on the radial stiffness can be explained by the modification of the properties of the elastic element and the hinge between subfragment-1 and -2 and/or the hinge between subfragment-2 and light meromyosin. PMID- 3488331 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid apoprotein in Lewis rats. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in inbred Lewis rats by sensitization with bovine white matter proteolipid apoprotein (PLP). 18-61 days after a single injection of 100 micrograms of PLP, 12 of 31 rats (39%) developed clinical EAE and 18 of 23 (78%) showed pathologic EAE with significant demyelination. Lymphocyte proliferative responses and antibodies to PLP were elevated but did not correlate with the clinical or pathologic state. This is the first demonstration of PLP-induced EAE with significant demyelination in rats and will contribute to the study of autoimmune demyelination. PMID- 3488332 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody: characterization by ELISA and immunoprecipitation assays. AB - The idiotype network is important both as a means of autoregulation of immune mechanisms and a potential tool for manipulation of abnormal responses. In the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the target of an aberrant immune response. In this study we compare 2 widely used methods of antibody determination--immunoprecipitation radioimmunoassay (IPRA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)--for their ability to detect both anti-AChR antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) and anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against polyclonal anti-AChR antibodies. Although the IPRA is considerably more sensitive for the detection of monoclonal anti-AChR antibodies, the 2 methods produce similar results in the detection of anti-idiotypic antibodies to the anti AChR immune response. The 2 techniques also demonstrated specificity of the reagents for idiotypes associated with the anti-AChR response and absence of effect on an idiotype associated with the control antigen, ovalbumin. The results demonstrate that the idiotypic repertoire of the polyclonal anti-AChR response in C57B1/6 mice is sufficiently restricted that antigen-specific blocking anti idiotypic antibodies can be raised in rabbits by immunization with anti-AChR antibodies. PMID- 3488333 TI - Recognition of major histocompatibility complex antigens on murine glial cells. AB - Recognition of autologous major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by T cells is an essential step in the induction of an immunologic reaction to either endogenous or exogenous antigens. We investigated the ability of murine glial cells of different ages to stimulate clones of allospecific T lymphocytes. We also investigated the effects of supernatants from cultures of activated T cells on the immunologic recognition of MHC antigens on murine glial cells. Lymphocyte clones specific for Class I, Class II and non-MHC, background antigens were obtained from C57B1/6J-anti-DBA/2 mixed lymphocyte cultures. Glial cell cultures were prepared from newborn syngeneic (C57B1/6J) and allogeneic (DBA/2) mouse brains. Glial cultures 1-4 weeks of age were able to stimulate alpha-Class I specific clones. No stimulation of alpha-Class II or alpha-background clones was noted. Incubation of glial cells with supernatants from cultures of alloantigen activated spleen cells (C57B1/6J-anti-DBA/2) resulted in a decreased ability of glial cells to stimulate alpha-Class I responses. In contrast supernatant-treated cultures acquired the capacity to stimulate alpha-Class II-specific clones. No responses were noted in clones responsive to non-MHC antigens. The ability to stimulate alpha-Class II-specific clones was most prominent with one-week-old glial cultures and was lost by four weeks of culture. The increased susceptibility of younger glial cultures to the modulatory effects of lymphokines from activated T cells may be a factor in the increased susceptibility of the immature central nervous system to persistent viral infections and the development of autoimmune phenomena. PMID- 3488335 TI - Isolated satellite cells of a peripheral nerve direct the growth of regenerating frog axons. AB - Frog motor axons regenerate and grow back to reinnervate their targets, the original motor end plates, after a lesion. When the cutaneous pectoris muscle is cut away and a segment of peripheral nerve is placed in the vicinity of regenerating axons they turn and grow toward it. This is in marked contrast to the random pattern of axonal outgrowth seen in the absence of a target. The influence on the direction of axonal growth of motor neurons can be produced by a 1-mm segment of nerve satellite cells over a distance of more than 8 mm. The nerve satellite cells have no influence on the direction of growth of the regenerating axons after all the cells in the nerve segment have been killed, leaving only the Schwann cell basal lamina tubes intact. These results show that the cells in the segment of the nerve trunk contain cues that actively direct the growth of motor neurons. Two possible explanations for this effect might be that the cells act indirectly by influencing the organization of the substructure over which axons regenerate or that the nerve satellite cells release a diffusible substance that acts directly on the regenerating axons. PMID- 3488334 TI - Autoimmunity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The prevalence of autoantibodies in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) was investigated. A lower prevalence of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia than that found in other series was found: large numbers of non-progressive stage A disease cases were included, in which the prevalence of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is low. Non-haematological autoantibodies were no commoner than in age matched controls. Whatever explanation is offered for autoimmune phenomena in B-CLL it must take account of the fact that those phenomena are virtually confined to autoantibodies against the formed elements of the blood. PMID- 3488336 TI - SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease. AB - A common cause of dementia in late midlife and old age is Alzheimer disease (AD), which affects more than one in 20 individuals over the age of 65. Past studies of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with AD here suggested blood flow abnormalities, but findings have differed. We have studied 37 patients diagnosed as having AD with inhalation and washout of 133Xe and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), obtaining evidence of abnormal rCBF patterns in 19. Flow reductions were most common in the temporoparietal regions and were occasionally found in the frontal areas. Investigators using positron-emission tomography (PET) have identified similar findings with respect to rCBF and regional oxygen, glucose, and protein metabolism. The SPECT determination of rCBF, which gives information similar to that provided by PET, may assume importance in the diagnosis of AD and in the differential diagnosis of the dementias. PMID- 3488338 TI - A maximum likelihood method for region-of-interest evaluation in emission tomography. AB - A maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method, called the ML-ROI algorithm, is presented for the calculation of region-of-interest (ROI) values from emission tomography scans. The EM algorithm is used to directly estimate ROI values from tomographic projection data given the location, size, and shape of all ROIs. The algorithm requires for the specification of a detailed model of the physical factors contributing to projection measurements including resolution and attenuation. The ML-ROI algorithm also provides an estimate of the variability of the ROI estimator (covariance matrix). The algorithm was tested with simulation and phantom data and compared with ROI estimation strategies using filtered backprojection (FBP) images. The ML-ROI estimates were unbiased, i.e., the partial volume effect was eliminated. Except for regions smaller than the detector resolution, the variability of the ML estimates was comparable to or less than the biased FBP estimators. Computation time for the ML-ROI algorithm was between 5 and 10 s/iteration. An evaluation of the sensitivity of the algorithm to misdefinition of the location and size of the ROIs was also performed. PMID- 3488337 TI - Dynamic PET data analysis. AB - A general method for estimating the precision of parameters resulting from the use of various experimental designs (rate of injection and rate of tomographic data collection) in emission tomography studies is proposed. The sensitivity matrix of the study model and an estimate of the statistical uncertainty of the tomographic data are used to compute the covariance matrix of the parameters. The determinant of this covariance matrix (proportional to the total volume of uncertainty of the model parameters) serves as a criterion to be minimized. The method is applied to a three-compartment, three-transfer rate constant for glucose metabolism using dynamic positron emission tomography, and a comparison of various current protocols is made with simulated data. The results show that higher rates of injection and higher rates of tomographic data collection at early times lead to smaller statistical uncertainties for the estimates of rate constants. However, for the range of rate constants encountered in practice, differences are insignificant when an initial scan duration less than 30 s is used, without regarding the injection duration. PMID- 3488340 TI - Clinical ecology. Executive Committee of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology. AB - An objective evaluation of the diagnostic and therapeutic principles used to support the concept of clinical ecology indicates that it is an unproven and experimental methodology. It is time-consuming and places severe restrictions on the individual's life-style. Individuals who are being treated in this manner should be fully informed of its experimental nature. Advocates of this dogma should provide adequate clinical and immunologic studies supporting their concepts, which meet the usually accepted standards for scientific investigation. PMID- 3488339 TI - Computed tomography of a cerebellopontine angle lipoma. AB - In this report we document the clinical, radiologic, surgical, and pathologic features of a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lipoma, including the CT visualization of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves passing through the middle of the lesion, a feature previously undescribed. Comparison is made with other reported CPA lipomas. PMID- 3488341 TI - Does large spontaneous portal systemic shunt in cirrhosis protect from the risk of gastroesophageal bleeding? AB - The risk of gastroesophageal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with massive spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) has been evaluated variously in the literature. We undertook a retrospective study in a large group of cirrhotic patients admitted to our surgical department to evaluate the incidence of large SPSS and the correlation with current or previous episodes of gastroesophageal hemorrhage. Of 456 patients submitted to splenoportography or celiac-mesenteric angiography, 20 showed evidence on the roentgenograms of large self-established SPSS. They were classified into three groups: (a) splenorenal shunts (three patients); (b) mesenteric-caval shunts (two patients), and (c) large patent umbilical vein (15 patients). Twelve of these 20 patients had one or more episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, and seven of them were submitted to surgical treatment to prevent recurrent bleeding. No correlation was found between the risk of esophageal hemorrhage and the type of SPSS. We concluded that, despite the presence of massive SPSS, cirrhotic patients have an unpredictable risk of bleeding and they often require surgical treatment to prevent recurrent episodes. PMID- 3488342 TI - Thermal application for gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Advances in therapeutic endoscopy have brought to the gastroenterologist a host of new devices capable of controlling hemorrhage. Variations of cautery including monopolar and bipolar units and the heater probe, provide a choice in current therapy. Use of the laser in gastrointestinal hemorrhage may be eclipsed by these small, portable, reasonably priced instruments. Microwave tissue coagulation represents an application to clinical medicine of an energy source found in many kitchens. I review the current status of these devices to help practitioners to determine which to purchase and choose for the treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3488343 TI - Inheritance of a new bleeding disease in a herd of swine with Willebrand's disease. AB - A herd of swine affected by Willebrand's disease was begun in 1967 at the Mayo Clinic in order to study the inherited hemostatic abnormality in swine as a model for the human disease. Affected individuals have bleeding times in excess of 15 minutes, extremely low levels of Willebrand factor (less than or equal to 0.25 percent of normal), and decreased levels of VIII coagulant activity. Individuals with long bleeding times, higher levels of Willebrand factor and normal levels of VIII coagulant activity began to appear in the colony. It is hypothesized that this new (N) condition is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive (N/n) at a locus separate and independent of the similarly autosomal recessive (A/a) von Willebrand locus. In addition, the Willebrand locus is epistatic to the N locus, i.e., individuals will only express the new condition provided there is at least one normal allele at the von Willebrand locus. Therefore, individuals with genotype aa--are all von Willebrand phenotypically, and A-nn individuals have the new disease. PMID- 3488345 TI - Mechanism of defective NK cell activity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. I. Defective trigger on NK cells for NKCF production by target cells, and partial restoration by IL 2. AB - Peripheral blood from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) exhibits poor NK activity in the 51Cr-release assay. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying the observed defective NK cytotoxic activity. On the basis of our studies on the mechanism of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NKCMC), a defective NK cell can result from lack or decreased frequency of effector cells, inability to recognize and bind the target cell, failure to be activated for the release of NK cytotoxic factors (NKCF), and/or failure to synthesize or secrete NKCF. Each of these various possibilities was examined. Single cell analysis revealed that the frequency of NK cells was comparable to controls, and although the NK cells bind to the NK-sensitive target, the bound target is not lysed. These results suggested that the defect in NK cells was not due to depletion of NK cells or to a defect in recognition structures, but that it was located at the postrecognition event. We previously demonstrated that after binding to target, the NK cell is stimulated to release NKCF in the supernatants and NKCF lyse specifically NK-sensitive targets. Accordingly, we investigated the activation of NK cells from AIDS and ARC patients for release of NKCF. After coculture with the stimulator cell, the patients' NK cells failed to release active NKCF in the supernatant. However, the cells released NKCF after stimulation with the lectin Con A or a mixture of TPA and ionophore, albeit to a lesser extent than controls. These results suggested that AIDS and ARC NK cells are defective in the trigger involved in release of NKCF. Further studies were done to investigate whether the immunomodulator IL 2 can restore the functional activity of the defective NK cells. Treatment with IL 2 resulted in augmented NK cytolytic activity, but did not reach control levels of activated cells from normal controls. Furthermore, the patients' IL 2-treated cells recover partially the ability to be stimulated by NK cells and to release NKCF. These results suggest that the trigger for NKCF production and the cytolytic function of the patients' NK cells are regulated by IL 2. By delineating the stage at which the AIDS and ARC NK cells are defective, it is now possible to monitor their recovery and to investigate the effect of various biologic response modifiers in restoring NK activity. PMID- 3488344 TI - Mitogenic activation of B cells in vitro: the properties of adherent accessory cells as revealed by partition analysis. AB - The requirement of B cells activated by mitogen (dextran sulfate plus lipopolysaccharide) for accessory cells was studied by partition analysis. Small numbers of splenic B cells were activated to clonal growth, as determined by visual inspection, and to immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis, as determined by release of Ig into the culture fluid. By placing irradiated adherent cells in the periphery of the microculture wells and forcing responding cells to different areas of the well (slant experiments), it was observed that no cell contact was necessary for B cell activation, and that "promoted" contact ("Rock and Roll" experiments) does not increase the efficiency of activation. Sequential microcultures suggest that only some irradiated adherent cells act as accessory cells, but they can perform this function to more than one B cell. Attempts to perform limiting dilution analysis by varying irradiated adherent cell input showed non-single-hit behavior. When the data were rearranged, taking into account the distribution of irradiated adherent cells, then single-hit behavior with about 1 to 5% of irradiated adherent cells acting as an accessory cells for B cell clonal activation was observed. The evidence suggests that an uncommon irradiated adherent cell releases a soluble factor necessary for B cell activation and/or clonal proliferation. PMID- 3488346 TI - Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor and tetanus toxoid: in vitro synthesis by thymic lymphocytes. AB - Thymic lymphocytes (TL) of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) have been reported to synthesize antibodies to acetylcholine receptors (anti-AChR). Incubation of TL with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a polyclonal T cell- and monocyte dependent activator of B cell differentiation, was reported to inhibit TL in vitro synthesis of anti-AChR. We studied the TL of 16 patients with MG without thymoma. TL of 10 of 16 patients synthesized anti-AChR in vitro without stimulation. In the presence of PWM, the amount of anti-AChR synthesized by the TL of these 10 patients increased in five, decreased in three, and was unaffected in two. There was a correlation between serum anti-AChR titer and PWM-stimulated synthesis (r = 0.87), but not with unstimulated synthesis (r = 0.33) of anti-AChR by TL. There was no correlation between the amount of synthesized anti-AChR and the amount of secreted IgG or with the percentage of B cells (surface Ig+) in the TL suspensions. TL of three age-matched cardiac surgery controls failed to synthesize detectable anti-AChR, although two of three synthesized IgG. Four patients with MG were booster immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT) 3 to 4 wk prior to thymectomy. TL of three synthesized anti-TT in vitro, whereas TL of three nonboosted MG patients failed to synthesize anti-TT. Thus, we have shown that TL of some patients with MG are capable of anti-AChR synthesis, with evidence of heterogeneity of the in vitro response, and the B cell repertoire in the thymus may, in part, reflect recent systemic immune events of the host. PMID- 3488348 TI - Leu-Leu-OMe sensitivity of human activated killer cells: delineation of a distinct class of cytotoxic T lymphocytes capable of lysing tumor targets. AB - Sensitivity to L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe) was used to characterize the phenotype of human activated killer cells. Natural killer cells (NK) and the precursors of both the alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the NK-like activated killer cells generated after stimulation with allogeneic cells were deleted from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by preincubation with Leu-Leu-OMe. It was noted, however, that cytotoxic lymphocytes could be generated from Leu-Leu-OMe-treated lymphocyte precursors after 2 to 6 days of culture with the nonspecific mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The characteristics of these killer cells indicated that they were a unique population that could be distinguished from other cytotoxic cells. Killing by these cells exhibited slow kinetics in that 18 hr cytotoxicity assays were required to detect full cytotoxic potential. When 18 hr assays were used, PHA stimulated cytotoxic cells generated from Leu-Leu-OMe-treated lymphocytes were able to kill both NK-sensitive K562 cells and the relatively NK-resistant renal cell carcinoma cell line, Cur. These cytotoxic lymphocytes were HNK-1, Leu-11b (CD16), and OKM1 (CR3)-negative at both the precursor and effector stage of activation. Furthermore, these cells were derived from a CD3-positive precursor. Finally, killing by activated effectors was inhibited by OKT3. Unlike activation of Leu-Leu-OMe-sensitive large granular lymphocytes, generation of these cytotoxic T cells was totally prevented by treatment with mitomycin c before stimulation. Thus, a unique class of tumoricidal T cells can be characterized by resistance of lymphocyte precursors to a concentration of Leu-Leu-OMe, which has been shown to ablate NK, mixed lymphocyte culture-activated NK-like cytotoxic precursors, and the precursors of alloantigen-specific CTL. PMID- 3488349 TI - Isolation of B lymphocytes for HLA-DR typing using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Isolating sufficient B cells for DR typing is often a problem, particularly in patients with low lymphocyte and/or B cell counts. This paper describes a simple method for preparing highly purified B cells using monoclonal antibodies and complement to kill the majority of non-B cells. Mononuclear cells are isolated by standard Ficoll-Hypaque techniques and incubated at 0 degrees C for 10 min with the following monoclonal antibodies: OKT3 (pan T cell), OKT11 (pan T and null cell), and Leu11b (NK cell). Rabbit complement is added and the mixture is incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 min. Dead cells are then removed by Percoll gradient centrifugation. This procedure results in cell preparations containing 90.1 +/- 1.3% B cells as measured by two-colow immunofluorescence with an Epics C flow cytometer. A yield of 52% can routinely be obtained. In contrast, nylon wool adherence results in preparations with only 44 +/- 9.1% B cells with a yield of 31%. B cells prepared by the monoclonal antibody procedure always show stronger and clearer reactions on DR typing trays. These results are consistent with the flow cytometric analyses of the B cell preparations. In summary, this procedure has the following advantages: increased accuracy of DR typing, decreased sample size (only 1.0 X 10(7) mononuclear cells are required), reduced time of cell preparation, and reduction in the number of repeat typings necessitated by poor yields and/or results. PMID- 3488347 TI - Release of L-alanine by tumor cells. AB - Culture supernatants from the weakly immunogenic T cell lymphoma L5178Y ESb were found to contain substantial amounts of alanine and lactate at a ratio of about 1:10. Supernatants from cells of the highly immunogenic mutant line ESb-D also contained lactate but only minute amounts of alanine. Moreover, ESb cells converted 14C-labeled glucose or pyruvate into labeled alanine and lactate at a ratio of about 1:10, whereas ESb-D cells yielded only labeled lactate and no detectable alanine. The injection of L-alanine in combination with L-lactate into mice strongly suppressed the capacity of their spleen cells to generate cytotoxic responses. The injection of L-alanine also suppressed the immunogenicity of ESb-D cells, as demonstrated by the generation of cytotoxic activity in vivo and by the in vivo immunization (priming) for secondary cytotoxic responses against ESb-D cells in vitro. Taken together, these experiments suggest the possibility i) that the ESb cells prevent the induction of cytotoxic responses by releasing immunosuppressive alanine, and ii) that the immunogenic mutant ESb-D may have gained immunogenicity by losing this immunosuppressive property. PMID- 3488350 TI - Production of murine monoclonal antibodies against human thyroglobulin using an in vitro immunization procedure in serum-free medium. AB - A serum-free in vitro immunization method for the generation of hybridomas producing specific antibodies to an antigen is described. The method was tested with human thyroglobulin as antigen. The serum-free medium used (Yssel et al., 1984) consisted of Iscove's modification of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, supplemented with albumin, transferrin, insulin, ethanolamine and linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids. An optimal response was obtained when splenocytes from BALB/c mice were cultured for 3 days in the presence of 1.5 nM thyroglobulin and thymocyte-conditioned medium prior to fusion with SP2/0 myeloma cells and seeding of the fused cells in microtitre plates. The frequency of positive wells, defined as the number of wells secreting anti-(thyroglobulin) antibodies/number of viable cells used for the fusion, was 1.6 X 10(-6) +/- 0.25 X 10(-6) (mean +/- SD; n = 4). Eight stable clones producing anti-(thyroglobulin) antibodies were isolated. One clone (3D12) produced antibodies reacting only with human thyroglobulin. The antibodies produced by the other clones reacted with human, murine and porcine thyroglobulins. Seven of the clones produced antibodies of the IgM class and one clone produced IgG. The specificity of 3D12 (IgM) for human thyroglobulin and the absence of any reactivity with murine thyroglobulin provides evidence for a primary response of splenocytes in culture to the presence of an antigen. PMID- 3488351 TI - Acute epiglottitis due to a chloramphenicol inactivating strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 3488353 TI - Persistent light reaction: induction in the guinea pig. AB - Persistent light reactions similar to those in humans were observed in the study of photoallergenicity of chemicals in guinea pigs. The animals photoinduced with chemicals reacted to long-wavelength ultraviolet (UVA) radiation in the absence of test materials at the challenge stage. The sensitivity of the animals to UVA persisted for more than 1 year. The minimum erythema dose to UVB of animals in the treated group was less than that in the control group. Our investigations indicate that the main factors influencing the elicitation of persistent light reaction were the amount of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) used to enhance the allergic response in animals, and the UVA dose at the induction stage. Based on these findings, we have developed a method to make animals persistent light reactors with high frequency. This method consists of 1 intradermal injection of 1.2 ml emulsified FCA, 5 irradiations with 20.4 J/cm2 of UVA, and topical applications of 5% p-aminoethylbenzoate (benzocaine) at the induction stage. We also found that photosensitivity could be induced using FCA and UVA without photosensitizers. PMID- 3488352 TI - Tumor-associated antigen is expressed on lymphocytes from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Monoclonal antibody BE2 recognizes an antigen found on malignant T4+ lymphocytes from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients (CTCL). Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes do not express detectable levels of BE2 antigen. Forty-eight percent of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had lymphocyte populations that were reactive with monoclonal antibody BE2. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy homosexuals, patients with classical Kaposi's sarcoma or viral syndromes, and healthy normal controls were BE2-. Double-labeling studies demonstrated that BE2+ cells were T lymphocytes. This observation demonstrates that some AIDS patients as well as CTCL patients have circulating cells that express a common lymphocyte abnormality. PMID- 3488354 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in skin. AB - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is demonstrated in skin microsomes from humans, rats, rabbits, and mice. This enzyme converts a number of distinct protein-bound glutamic acid residues into gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, which strongly interact with Ca++ ions. The enzymatic activity (expressed per mg protein) in skin is about 20% of that in liver. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is present in both epidermal and dermal tissue. It is demonstrated that warfarin treatment in mice results in an accumulation of noncarboxylated precursor proteins in both dermal and epidermal microsomes. Most probably this effect of warfarin is not restricted to mice, but occurs also in the skin of patients under oral anticoagulant therapy. A possible relation between vitamin K-dependent skin carboxylase and the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in calcified nodules from patients with scleroderma and dermatomyositis is discussed. PMID- 3488355 TI - Inappropriate activation, deactivation, and probable autooxidative damage as a mechanism of neutrophil locomotory defect in trauma. AB - We studied 46 patients who suffered from serious blunt trauma to examine the possible mechanism of their acquired neutrophil (PMN) locomotory dysfunction. Concentrations of plasma C3adesArg were higher in patients than in controls (310 +/- 190 ng/ml vs. 90 +/- 28 ng/ml, respectively; P = 3 X 10(-5)). Both resting and phagocytosing PMNs from the patients produced higher quantities of H2O2 (0.31 +/- 0.29 and 5.2 +/- 3.4 nmol/10(6) PMNs per hr, respectively). These levels resemble the H2O2 production of normal PMNs preactivated with chemotactic factor (0.85 +/- 0.03 for normal and 8.2 +/- 1.6 nmol/10(6) PMNs per hr for preactivated PMNs). Concentrations of oxidized glutathione were not significantly higher in PMNs from patients compared with PMNs from controls (0.053 +/- 0.057 vs. 0.037 +/ 0.046 nmol/10(6) PMNs, respectively; P = .5). A higher percentage of PMNs from trauma patients than from controls were capped with concanavalin A (66% +/- 11% vs. 37% +/- 14%, respectively; P = 4 X 10(-5)), a result indicating microtubular dysfunction. These findings suggest that in trauma, activation of intravascular complement results in inappropriate chemotactic stimulation and subsequent deactivation and autoxidative damage of circulating PMNs. PMID- 3488356 TI - [The value of electromagnetic flow measurements]. PMID- 3488357 TI - [A case of deep vein thrombosis after coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3488358 TI - Acceleration of wound healing by recombinant human urogastrone (epidermal growth factor). AB - Urogastrone, a human peptide growth factor that is closely related by its amino acid sequence to mouse epidermal growth factor, has been prepared by recombinant DNA techniques. The powerful mitogenic activity of urogastrone led us to evaluate its potential as an aid to wound healing. We have used the repair reaction that follows transection of the Achilles tendon in the rat to evaluate the action of urogastrone in this model. Twice-daily injections of recombinant urogastrone (20 micrograms/kg) close to the site of the wound led to more rapid increases in the dry weight of the repair lesion and its collagen and DNA contents compared with those in saline-injected controls (5 days). At 15 and 30 days after surgery the urogastrone-treated lesion continued to show enhanced dry weights and collagen contents, whereas the DNA content declined to that of saline-treated lesions. When urogastrone treatment was stopped after 15 days, the repair lesions examined at 30 days were little different from those in animals untreated throughout. Our results provide encouragement for an eventual clinical assessment of recombinant urogastrone in humans as an aid to wound healing provided that satisfactory answers are found to several outstanding questions. PMID- 3488359 TI - Phagocytic rabbit cell lines expressing class II MHC products: establishment of cell lines by viral transformation. AB - Continuous rabbit macrophage-like cell lines were established after in vitro infection of spleen cells with either Simian virus 40, lymphotropic papovavirus or herpesvirus sylvilagus. These cell lines are characterized as morphologically similar to mature macrophages, esterase positive, and have unrearranged immunoglobulin genes. They possess macrophage functionality because they are highly phagocytic and are able to mediate an antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity assay on chicken red blood cells. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA with a DQ alpha probe indicates that the cell lines constitutively express message for class II gene products. In addition, cell sorter analysis indicates that two of these lines display class II antigen at the cell surface. PMID- 3488361 TI - Treatment of trigger points with microamperage transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)--(the Electro-Acuscope 80). AB - One-half of the students taking part in a double-blind study received a microamperage electrical stimulation of trigger points in the neck and shoulder region with the Electro-Acuscope 80. All the subjects were evaluated by digital palpatory physical examination for the presence of trigger points before each of their treatments. Results indicate that the subjects who received treatment had a higher change of trigger-point indicators compared to those receiving the placebo treatment. A two-tailed t-test indicated significant results (P less than 0.001). It appears that microamperage electrical stimulation is effective in the treatment of trigger points. PMID- 3488360 TI - Establishment and characterization of a novel bone-marrow-derived macrophage-like accessory cell line. AB - An accessory cell line, designated line A, was generated from bone marrow stem cells which differentiated in vitro in response to colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in substratum cultures. The cells were found to constitutively secrete large amounts of CSF, the activity of which was neutralized by anti-CSF-1 antibodies. Cells of line A and its supernatants potentiate the suboptimal response of thymocytes to PHA, manifesting an interleukin-1 (IL-1)-like activity. Culture fluids of this line also reconstitute the response to T cell mitogens of spleen cells depleted of adherent accessory cells. It was also found that cells of line A bear low levels of surface Ia, and they efficiently present soluble antigen to proliferating memory T cells. Constitutive prostaglandin secretion, which sometimes masks antigen-presenting capacity, was also demonstrated. Cells of line A are poorly phagocytic, do not secrete lysozyme, and lack Fc and complement receptors. However, they manifest strong cytoplasmic nonspecific esterase staining and an ectoenzyme profile resembling that of elicited inflammatory macrophages. In addition, the cell surface antigen Mac-2 was demonstrated, while stainings with anti-Mac-1 and anti-Mac-3 were negative. Thus, line A may represent a unique subpopulation of immunoregulatory accessory cells, the features of which are discussed. PMID- 3488363 TI - Kinetics of transfer of 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor from blood into mammary secretions of goats. AB - 125I-Labelled mouse epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) was transferred intact and undegraded from circulating blood into milk in conscious lactating goats. Greater than 90% of the total radioactivity present in milk from the infused gland was in the aqueous phase and more than 72% was acid-precipitable. This radiolabelled material co-eluted with authentic EGF through gel filtration and was immunoprecipitable by a specific rabbit anti-mouse EGF immunoglobulin. Mammary uptake of 125I-EGF infused into mammary arterial blood (close-arterial infusion) for 1 h varied from 20 to 83% at different stages of the reproductive cycle. Only 0.5-2.9% of the infused 125I-EGF was transferred into milk during the first 3 h after the start of the infusion, which represents 0.7-6.3% of mammary uptake of EGF. The kinetics of transfer of 125I-EGF were followed in two lactating goats. Radioactivity reached peak levels in milk about 120 min after the start of a 1 h close-arterial infusion into the mammary gland, with an initial lag of about 30 min when little transfer occurred. Transfer was slower in two non-lactating goats with maximal levels of activity in milk being reached after about 180 min. The results are consistent with a transcellular transfer, whereby the factor is bound to receptors on the baso-lateral membrane, internalized by epithelial cells and subsequently secreted across the apical membrane into the alveolar lumen. The low level of degraded labelled EGF in milk (and mammary vein blood) suggests a modification of the normal pathway of EGF degradation such that the delivery of internalized factor to lysosomes is avoided. PMID- 3488362 TI - Fiberendoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 3488364 TI - The origin of circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat. AB - It is known that in addition to the calcitonin precursor the calcitonin gene also encodes a novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This potent vasodilator has been found in the circulation of man. This present study demonstrates that CGRP is also found in the circulation of the rat and that plasma CGRP comes from two different sources: the thyroid, a major source in old rats, and the perivascular nerves probably at all ages. PMID- 3488366 TI - Esterase-positive inflammatory cells in human periapical lesions. PMID- 3488365 TI - Demonstration of significant epidermal growth factor activity in murine thyroid tissue. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was first isolated from the mouse submaxillary gland (SMG) which remains its only known site of synthesis. Earlier work suggests that EGF may be implicated in the regulation of thyroid cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, thyroid hormones increase the EGF content of mouse SMG and mimic the maturational effects associated with EGF. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether the mouse thyroid gland is a site of EGF production. Thyroid and submaxillary glands were homogenized in Tris-HCl, the EGF content was measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) and receptor-binding activity assessed in a radioreceptor assay. Epidermal growth factor was readily detectable in each thyroid extract. Dilution curves were parallel to the standard curve. Values obtained for right and left lobes of thyroid were in excellent agreement (r = 0.997, P less than 0.001). The intrathyroidal EGF concentration obtained by RIA was 26.1 +/- 6.0 (S.E.M.) ng/mg protein (n = 40); values obtained by the receptor assay were slightly lower but correlated closely (r = 0.828, P less than 0.01). Assay of homogenates prepared at the same time from the submaxillary glands of these mice showed that thyroidal EGF was not correlated with EGF content in the SMG. These findings indicate that EGF, both biologically active and immunoreactive, is readily detectable in the mouse thyroid and that the thyroid gland is a probable site of EGF synthesis. The methodology provides a model for further studies of the regulation of EGF production and its significance in relation to thyroid disease. PMID- 3488367 TI - Evaluation of elastase and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor-elastase uptake by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and evidence of an elastase-specific receptor. AB - Neither resting nor stimulated isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes did bind or ingest preformed complexes of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and unlabeled/125I-labeled human leukocyte elastase. In contrast, granulocytes bound unlabeled/125I-labeled elastase and the extent of binding was reduced in the presence of respiratory burst stimulators, such as 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta myristate 13 alpha-acetate, E. coli endotoxin, and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl L-phenylalanine. In association/dissociation and competition inhibition experiments it was demonstrated that granulocyte-elastase binding was specific and saturable. From Scatchard and non-linear regression analysis there was evidence of a two-class receptor model with independent binding sites. Calculated by the non-linear regression method assuming a two-class receptor model the characteristics of the high affinity/low capacity binding site were K1 = 216 +/- 129 X 10(6) l X mol-1 (means +/- s; n = 3) and R1 = 1.38 +/- 0.95 nmol X l-1 corresponding to 0.083 X 10(6) receptors per cell, whereas the low affinity/high capacity binding site had the characteristics K2 = 0.50 +/- 0.09 X 10(6) l X mol 1 and R2 = 237 +/- 103 nmol X l-1 corresponding to 14.3 +/- 6.2 X 10(6) receptors per cell. PMID- 3488368 TI - Excitation and adaptation of Limulus ventral photoreceptors by inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate result from a rise in intracellular calcium. AB - Single pressure injections of 1-10 pl of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) or inositol 4,5 bisphosphate [I(4,5)P2] excite Limulus ventral photoreceptors by inducing rapid bursts of inward current. After excitation by IP3, responses to subsequent injections of IP3 or light flashes are often reversibly diminished (adapted). Single injections of IP3 and I(4,5)P2 are effective at concentrations in the injecting pipette of 20 microM to 1 mM. Single injections of inositol 1,4 bisphosphate are ineffective at concentrations of 100-500 microM. Excitation by IP3 or I(4,5)P2 is accompanied by a rise in intracellular free calcium, as indicated by aequorin luminescence. Prior injection of calcium buffer solutions containing 100 mM EGTA greatly diminishes the total charge transferred across the plasma membrane during excitation by IP3 or I(4,5)P2, which suggests that a rise in Cai is necessary for excitation by the inositol polyphosphates. Adaptation of the response to light by IP3 is also abolished by prior injection of EGTA. In the same cells, the response to brief light flashes is slowed and diminished in amplitude by the injection of calcium buffer, but the charge transferred during the response is not significantly diminished. This suggests that light has access to a pathway of excitation in the presence of EGTA that is not accessible to intracellularly injected IP3. PMID- 3488369 TI - Effects of black widow spider venom and Ca2+ on quantal secretion at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - A modification of the classical procedure of fluctuation analysis is used to measure the waveform, w(t), mean amplitude, (h), and mean rate of occurrence, (r), of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) at frog cutaneous pectoris neuromuscular junctions treated with black widow spider venom (BWSV). MEPP parameters are determined from the power spectrum of the fluctuating potential and the second (variance), third (skew), and fourth semi-invariants (cumulants) of high-pass-filtered records of the potential. The method gives valid results even when the mean potential undergoes slow changes unrelated to MEPPs and when the MEPP rate is not stationary; it detects changes in the distribution of MEPP amplitudes and corrects for the nonlinear summation of MEPPs. The effects of Ca2+ on BWSV-induced secretion are studied in detail. When Ca2+ is absent, the power spectrum of the fluctuations is shaped like the spectrum of w(t) and secretion is quasi-stationary; (r) rises smoothly to peak values of approximately 1,500/s and then quickly subsides to levels near 10/s. Many relatively small and some "giant" MEPPs occur at the ends of the experiments, and the distribution of MEPP amplitudes broadens. When the effects of this broadening are corrected for, we find that approximately 0.7 X 10(6) MEPPs occurred during the 30 min of intense secretion. Since BWSV depletes nerve terminals of their quanta of transmitter and their synaptic vesicles, this figure is an upper limit for the quantal store in a resting terminal. When Ca2+ is present, the noise spectrum deviates from the spectrum of w(t) and secretion is nonstationary; (r) rises to similar peak values but is sustained at levels near 400/s for up to an hour and at least 1.5 X 10(6) quanta are secreted within this period. Thus, the quantal store must have turned over at least twice under this condition. Data previously obtained at junctions treated with La3+ are corrected for nonlinear summation and for the distribution of MEPP amplitudes. The two corrections roughly compensate each other, and the corrected results confirm the previous conclusion that the number of quanta secreted from La3+-treated terminals during 1 h is not strongly dependent upon the extracellular concentration of Ca2+; approximately 2 X 10(6) quanta are released even when Ca2+ is absent. PMID- 3488370 TI - Characterization of Haemophilus parainfluenzae strains with low-Mr or ladder-like lipopolysaccharides. AB - Twenty-five Haemophilus parainfluenzae strains were characterized for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles, outer membrane protein profiles, serum sensitivity, plasmid profiles and DNA homology. Seventeen strains produced low-Mr LPS that did not contain O-sidechains, while the remaining eight strains contained ladder-like LPS suggestive of O-repeated units. This is the first time in the genus Haemophilus that LPS with O-repeated groups has been described. The strains producing the different types of LPS could not be distinguished from each other in outer membrane protein profiles or the other characteristics examined. PMID- 3488371 TI - Immunocytochemical characterisation of the immune reaction in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Possible role for microglia in lesion growth. AB - As there is evidence that in multiple sclerosis T-cell activation occurs in the central nervous system rather than outside, the inflammatory lesion may be extended through antigen presentation by cells at the edge of the plaque. In this study we present an immunocytochemical report on CNS tissue from an active case of MS, with an analysis of the distribution of CD4 and CD8 binding T cells and the expression of class I and II MHC determinants in plaques and white matter. Perivascular cuffs of early lesions, as judged by hypercellularity and minimal demyelination, contained activated T (Tac+) cells, which reacted with an anti-IL 2 monoclonal antibody. Thus sufficient T-cell growth factor would appear to be present to fuel the immune reaction in a growing lesion. The preponderance of T cells of the cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8) phenotype in the CNS parenchyma was found in conjunction with widespread staining of class I MHC antigen, a prerequisite for activity of cytotoxic T cells. Potential antigen presenting cells were demonstrated in MS plaques with a monoclonal antibody against the cytoplasmic, invariant chain of class II MHC. Macrophages and astrocytes, contributed to the staining in the hypercellular plaque border while the distribution of class II+ microglia in white matter suggest they may also be of importance in local antigen presentation. PMID- 3488372 TI - Acceleration of age-associated immune decline and mortality by early repeated administration of bestatin to C57BL/6 mice. AB - The effect of chronic treatment with an immunostimulating agent, bestatin, on age associated immune decline was assessed in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were given weekly doses of bestatin (100 micrograms/mouse, i.p.) from 7 months of age until death, and immune responses (natural killer cell activity, T cell cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens, production of interleukin-2, macrophage functions) were tested at 11, 15, and 20 months. Most of the functions were reduced in 15-17 month-old mice, but evidence of reduced macrophage activities appeared only in limiting conditions (low lipopolysaccharide stimulation for interleukin-1 production and low concentration of macrophages in the cytostatic test). Bestatin administration produced a transient increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity and in vivo T cell cytotoxicity, followed (15-20 months of age) by a depression of NK and T cell-mediated responses. Only macrophage functions were stimulated in 20-month-old bestatin-treated mice. This unresponsiveness coincides with an accelerated mortality of bestatin-treated mice and a significant increase in the number of spontaneous tumor-bearing animals. The stimulation of T cells by bestatin seems to be mediated by a primary activation of macrophages to release immune mediators. Several reasons for the bestatin-induced immunodepression can be postulated including a high dose of bestatin, leading to toxicity or unresponsiveness; induction of suppressor cells; and overproliferation of T cells due to the mitogenic activity of bestatin, which may act as a promoting factor for tumor development. PMID- 3488375 TI - E rosette negative T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3488374 TI - Detection of different interleukin-1 activities in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. AB - Culture supernatants from normal human monocytes, monocyte hybrid cell lines, and myelomonoblastic cell lines were tested for human interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. In the present study, we report the detection of IL-1 secreted by several cell lines of monocyte origin and compare their biological and biochemical characteristics. IL-1 activity was tested by the regular assay of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of mouse thymus cells. IL-1 was found to be constitutively secreted by U937 and the M20 cell lines, as well as by three of the monocyte hybrid cell lines. The activity was always augmented following dialysis and did not require the presence of serum for its secretion. We compared the IL-1 activity of the myelomonoblastic M20 and hybrid 1C4 cell lines to that of normal monocytes. We found differences in the kinetics of IL-1 secretion, the pattern of activity following dilution of concentrated supernatants, and augmentation of activity by various inducers. The differences described may be explained by concomitant secretion of IL-1 inhibitory factors, as well as the secretion of activities other than IL-1. Preliminary biochemical analysis showed that all three cell sources tested shared some species of molecules characterized by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. However, some species of molecules expressing IL-1 activity were unique to the cell lines and were not found in normal monocytes. PMID- 3488373 TI - Monoclonal antibody which has the neutralizing activities for human IL-2. AB - Six monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) were successfully prepared by fusing NS-1 with spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with human recombinant IL-2. The specificities of these monoclonal antibodies were confirmed. By enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the antibody concentrations of each ascitic fluid obtained from BALB/c-nu/nu transplanted with the established hybridoma clones were varied for 10(3) to 10(5) depending on the clone. By SDS-PAGE analysis with immunoprecipitates formed between monoclonal antibodies and recombinant human IL-2, all monoclonal antibodies reacted unequivocally with recombinant human IL-2. Two monoclonal antibodies (designated as KNT-1 and KNT-2) out of six established clones reacted with natural human IL-2 molecule obtained from cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) stimulated with PHA-P and TPA. KNT-1 and KNT-2 monoclonal antibodies have inhibitory effects on the proliferative response of natural killer (NK-7) cell (one of the IL-2 dependent cultured cell lines) elicited by recombinant, natural human, or natural rat IL-2. Monoclonal antibody, KNT-1, inhibited activities of both recombinant or natural human IL-2, but did not neutralize activities of IL 2, derived either from murine EL-4 or from rat spleen cells. Another monoclonal antibody, KNT-2, had neutralizing activity for either recombinant or natural human IL-2 and eliminated the activity of rat-derived IL-2, but did not interfere with the activity of murine IL-2. The remaining four monoclonal antibodies (designated as KNT-3, -4, -5 and -6) did not affect the proliferative response of NK-7 cells elicited by natural human, rat and murine IL-2. These observations indicate that functional portion(s) of IL-2 molecules from different species have somewhat different structures. PMID- 3488376 TI - The innervation and function of the lower urinary tract. AB - Vesical and urethral function are closely controlled by neural activity, both reflex and volitional. Relatively subtle abnormalities have serious consequences. Understanding of the natural history of neurogenic vesical dysfunction has improved over the past few years and is summarized in this review article. PMID- 3488377 TI - Multicompartmental analysis of the kinetics of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody in patients with cancer. AB - A conceptual biologic model was developed and used to analyze the behavior of 123I-Lym-1 monoclonal antibody against African human B cell lymphoma in patients with B cell lymphoma. Originally, the observed data could not be simulated with parameters for homologous immunoglobulins reported in the literature because of a major processor that was capable of distinguishing this murine immunoglobulin from the patient's own immunoglobulins. With a nonlinear parametric model, the data observed in patients could be fitted to the model. The nonlinear parameter determined the transfer of antibody from the intravascular to a processor compartment, primarily the liver. This transfer was a function of the number of free receptors in the processor. Model simulated curves for the time course of concentration of antibody in the blood for different amounts of injected antibody revealed that blood clearance of radiolabeled antibody was profoundly decreased by increased amount of injected antibody. This model provides an explanation for the observations that tumor imaging is improved with injection of larger amounts of antibody, and a basis for modifying the pharmacokinetic behavior of an antibody in order to optimize radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy. PMID- 3488378 TI - Digital restoration of indium-111 and iodine-123 SPECT images with optimized Metz filters. AB - A number of radiopharmaceuticals of great current clinical interest for imaging are labeled with radionuclides that emit medium- to high-energy photons either as their primary radiation, or in low abundance in addition to their primary radiation. The imaging characteristics of these radionuclides result in gamma camera image quality that is inferior to that of 99mTc images. Thus, in this investigation 111In and 123I contaminated with approximately 4% 124I were chosen to test the hypothesis that a dramatic improvement in planar and SPECT images may be obtainable with digital image restoration. The count-dependent Metz filter is shown to be able to deconvolve the rapid drop at low spatial frequencies in the imaging system modulation transfer function (MTF) resulting from the acceptance of septal penetration and scatter in the camera window. Use of the Metz filter was found to result in improved spatial resolution as measured by both the full width at half maximum and full width at tenth maximum for both planar and SPECT studies. Two-dimensional, prereconstruction filtering with optimized Metz filters was also determined to improve image contrast, while decreasing the noise level for SPECT studies. A dramatic improvement in image quality was observed with the clinical application of this filter to SPECT imaging. PMID- 3488379 TI - Methodologic factors affecting PET measurements of cerebral glucose metabolism. AB - Measurements of cerebral glucose utilization rates in similar populations of human subjects under similar conditions vary considerably because of methods used in data collection and analysis. Using data acquired in two patients, we evaluated the effects of time schedule of data collection, region of interest size, method of attenuation correction, and input function shape on LCMRglu determined by dynamic positron emission tomographic scanning and calculation of rate constants. These different strategies of data acquisition and analysis produced variations of 3 to 14% in calculated LCMRglu. These factors, in conjunction with the well described effects of instrument resolution and sensitivity may account for data discrepancies in the literature. PMID- 3488380 TI - Precision of dual photon absorptiometry measurements. AB - One of the important uses of bone absorptiometry is to examine the rate of bone mineral change in order to evaluate therapy and to identify individuals who need therapy. Generally, this involves comparing the difference between two scans obtained months to years apart. This study investigates the precision of dual photon absorptiometry using a human torso phantom, normal subjects, and abnormal patients. These studies showed that bone mineral calculated as g/cm2 was more precise than g/cm. Reanalysis of the same scan by the same individual produced an average error equivalent to that produced by scanning and analyzing the same subject on multiple occasions. Interobserver analysis error was essentially equal to the intraobserver error. In order to obtain maximum precision, care must be taken that the integrated area of a repeat scan is identical to the previous scan. Our findings indicate that to be confident (95%) of a real change between two scans a difference of at least 5.6% must be measured. PMID- 3488381 TI - Endoscopic laser therapy for gastrointestinal disorders. Part II: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage not associated with peptic ulcer disease (2). PMID- 3488382 TI - [Caloric response of the isolated semicircular canal]. PMID- 3488383 TI - Pathogenicity of a rifampin-resistant cerebrospinal fluid isolate of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Two children in a day care facility developed Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. The second child was enrolled in the facility after rifampin had been administered to the other attendees. The isolate from the first child was susceptible to rifampin, but the isolate from the second was resistant. Both isolates had identical outer membrane protein PAGE profiles. To investigate the virulence of these isolates, we inoculated infant rats intranasally with either the rifampin-resistant or rifampin-susceptible CSF isolate. The rates of nasal colonization (14 of 20 and eight of eight animals inoculated with the rifampin resistant and rifampin-susceptible isolates, respectively) did not differ significantly. However, bacteremia occurred less frequently in pups inoculated with the rifampin-resistant strain than in animals inoculated with the susceptible strain (four of 20 vs eight of eight, P less than 0.0001). Nasal washings, blood, and CSF obtained from animals inoculated with the rifampin resistant isolate were divided and plated on media containing rifampin (1 microgram/ml) or without rifampin. Except for those from one animal, organisms isolated from blood and CSF grew only on medium lacking rifampin, whereas H. influenzae type b growing from nasal washings was frequently found on both media. We conclude that mutation of H. influenzae to rifampin resistance is a hazard of rifampin chemoprophylaxis. Rifampin-resistant isolates have the potential to cause disease in patients and experimental animals, although they may be relatively less pathogenic than the parent, susceptible organism. PMID- 3488385 TI - Early treatment with erythromycin of Campylobacter jejuni-associated dysentery in children. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of early treatment with erythromycin on the duration of fecal excretion and of diarrhea associated with Campylobacter jejuni, 170 patients, age 3 to 60 months, were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive either erythromycin ethyl succinate or placebo immediately after being seen at Cayetano Heredia Hospital because of acute dysentery. The groups' pretreatment characteristics were comparable. Of the 30 patients with stools positive for C. jejuni, 12 were in the placebo group and 16 in the treatment group. After 2 days of treatment, none of the patients in the placebo group and 36% of those in the erythromycin group had normal stools (P less than 0.05). After 5 days of treatment, 50% of the patients in the placebo group and 93% of those in the erythromycin group had normal stools (P less than 0.02). Fecal excretion of the organism continued significantly longer in the placebo group (P less than 0.01). There were no treatment failures in the treatment group compared with five (42%) in the placebo group (P less than 0.01). Thus, early administration of erythromycin significantly reduced the duration of both diarrhea and fecal excretion of the organism in infants and children with acute dysentery associated with C. jejuni. PMID- 3488384 TI - Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: effect on neonatal calcium homeostasis. AB - We assessed whether modification of vitamin D nutritional status during the last trimester of pregnancy affects maternal and neonatal calcium homeostasis. At the end of the first trimester, 40 pregnant women were randomly assigned to either of two groups, and blood taken to assess the basal values of Ca, Pi, Mg, iPTH, 25 OHD, and 1,25(OH)2D. From the sixth month on, group 1 (+D) received 1000 IU vitamin D3 daily; group 2 (-D) served as control. At the time of delivery, maternal serum 25-OHD was higher in the +D group (P less than 0.0005). Ca, Pi, iPTH, and 1,25(OH)2D were not affected. At term, venous cord 25-OHD levels were also higher in the +D group (P less than 0.0005), and 1,25(OH)2D levels slightly lower (P less than 0.05), but neither Ca, Pi, nor iPTH differed between the two groups. Serum CaT dropped significantly (P less than 0.002) at 4 days of age in the infants from both groups, although to a lesser extent in these from the +D group (P less than 0.05). Circulating iPTH increased in both groups. Serum 25-OHD remained low in the -D group, and dropped slightly in the +D group; 1,25(OH)2D remained stable during the first 4 days of life in the -D group, and increased in the +D group (P less than 0.001). Our data demonstrate the importance of providing adequate maternal vitamin D stores to ensure better perinatal handling of calcium. This is of particular importance for populations at risk for hypovitaminosis D. PMID- 3488386 TI - Psychosocial functioning of siblings of children with rheumatic disease. AB - The potential impact of an ill child on other siblings in the family was examined by comparing 72 siblings of children with rheumatic disease with 60 siblings of healthy children from demographically matched families. Psychosomatic, behavioral, emotional, and social problems, as reported by both the parents and the siblings, were investigated. Although siblings of patients with rheumatic disease generally were functioning as well as siblings of healthy children, they reported having more allergies and asthma. A set of vulnerability and protective factors was tested as predictors of sibling functioning. Cohesive and expressive family environments in which mothers and patients with rheumatic disease were functioning adequately promoted better adaptation among the siblings. PMID- 3488387 TI - Postsplenectomy sepsis and other complications following staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease in childhood. AB - This is a survey of 234 pediatric patients in whom staging laparotomy/splenectomy was carried out (1975 to 1981) in the course of the Intergroup Hodgkin's Disease in Childhood Study (IHDCS). Relapse has occurred in 44 of these patients, and 12 have died, 7 secondary to extension of lymphoma, 2 with herpes or pneumocystis infections, 2 with leukemia, and 1 from an unrelated accident. During the period of surveillance (mean 5.5 yr), five episodes of bacterial sepsis (positive blood cultures) have occurred, including two due to Streptococcus pneumoniae; and three, to Hemophilus influenzae. The former occurred in the small group of patients in this series who had not received the prescribed pneumococcal vaccination. No fatalities were associated with these septic episodes. Intestinal obstruction secondary to adhesions (benign) occurred in eight patients and was managed without intestinal resection or mortality. One patient required operative release of an obstructed ureter following laparotomy, and one, oophorectomy for an infarcted (transposed) ovary. PMID- 3488388 TI - Age-dependent variation of lymphocyte function in the postoperative child. AB - Circulating lymphocyte profiles and reactivity normally vary with age. Operation results in depression of both lymphocyte counts and blastogenesis but the relationship of age to these alterations has not been previously evaluated in the pediatric surgical patient. This report analyzes the relationship of age to lymphocyte alteration in the postoperative child. Thirty-five healthy children (age range 1 mo to 12 yr), admitted for elective herniorrhaphy, underwent perioperative lymphocyte assay. Anesthesia consisted of halothane and NO2, and operative time averaged 54 minutes. Three milliliters of heparinized whole blood was obtained at induction of anesthesia and at 2 hours postoperatively. Lymphocytes were separated by Histopaque gradient and assayed for absolute count, total T-cells, and total B-cells. Lymphocyte reactivity was determined by 3H Thymidine incorporation during incubation with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed (PWM), and/or concanavalin A (Con A) and results expressed as the logarithm of scintillation counts per minute. Differences in preoperative and postoperative values were analyzed for significance by paired T-test. The same differences were evaluated for relationship to age by regression analysis. Operation resulted in significant decreases in all lymphocyte counts (absolute, T and B-cells), and the operative-induced alteration in both absolute and total B cell counts were significantly correlated with age (P less than .03, P less than .007, respectively). Similarly, operation resulted in significant depression of lymphocyte reactivity and alteration in B-cell response (PWM) was significantly correlated with age (P less than .008). In all instances of significant correlation, lymphocyte alterations were inversely related to age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488389 TI - Mucosal induction of systemic T cell tolerance by Fusobacterium nucleatum. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine if mucosal presentation of the periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum could induce systemic tolerance. Two separate protocols of mucosal priming were carried out. In the first, mice were gastrically intubated on 2 consecutive days; this was repeated 5 days later. In the second protocol, mice were similarly primed but received another priming dose after a further 7 days. Positive control mice were similarly primed with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) while negative control animals were sham primed with saline. Following mucosal priming, mice were systemically sensitized with the respective antigen and then subsequently challenged in the left hind footpad. The right footpad was challenged with saline and served as a negative control. Serum antibody levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination assays. Mucosal priming with F. nucleatum was found to suppress the local delayed type hypersensitivity reaction as determined by footpad measurements. Sham-priming did not suppress the local response. On the other hand, the levels of serum antibodies were not influenced by mucosal priming. These results suggest that under the experimental conditions used, mucosal presentation of F. nucleatum can induce a degree of split tolerance in which T cell responses are suppressed while B cell responses remain intact. The implication of this finding to human periodontal disease is yet to be determined. PMID- 3488390 TI - [Pathway of biosynthesis of androstadienone (delta 16-C19-steroid) from pregnenolone catalyzed by pig testicular microsomes]. PMID- 3488391 TI - Posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 75 autopsy eyes. Part II: Postimplantation loop configuration. AB - We illustrate, from the pathologist's viewpoint, the configuration of posterior chamber lens loops within the eye. The final configuration of these loops is often a "C" shape, particularly following capsular fixation. When one or both loops are placed in the ciliary sulcus, where tissue resistance to loop compressive forces is less than in the capsular sac, an invagination or erosion of the loop into the ciliary body stroma or ciliary muscle frequently occurs. Although a surgeon should first and foremost choose a lens design with which he or she is comfortable in terms of ease of implantation and good clinical results, our pathological observations indicate that a subtle compromise in loop configuration might provide a more physiologically correct configuration in the eye, particularly for those who prefer in-the-bag implantation. Most surgeons prefer a lens design that will provide adequate fixation in the ciliary sulcus if an attempted capsular sac implantation is not successful. PMID- 3488392 TI - Posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 75 autopsy eyes. Part III: Correlation of positioning holes and optic edges with the pupillary aperture and visual axis. AB - The possibility that undesirable visual complications such as glare, halo, monocular diplopia, or other visual aberrations can result from the presence of posterior chamber lens optic edges or such lens elements as positioning holes or loop-optic junctions within the pupillary aperture has received little attention. There is recent clinical evidence that these phenomena may be clinically significant. In a series of 75 autopsy eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lenses, we have observed that in 71% of cases an optic edge, or element of the optic such as a positioning hole, was situated either within the pupillary aperture and visual axis (average pupillary diameter 3.45 mm) or within 0.5 mm of the pupillary margin. This finding was most common (92%) in cases with asymmetric placement, less common (50%) in cases with symmetric placement. Many more young patients are now undergoing implantation surgery. These patients generally have wider, more mobile pupils, and they may be more aware of subjective symptoms, particularly at night. Subtle changes in implantation techniques and in lens design and manufacture can minimize complications related to this condition. These changes include symmetric loop placement (both loops in the capsular sac or both in the ciliary sulcus) to decrease optic decentration. Other measures such as making partial-depth positioning holes, increasing the size of the optic, eliminating or reducing the number of positioning holes, and placing positioning holes in tabs on the optic edges may function to increase the effective optical zone. PMID- 3488393 TI - Protective barrier effect of the posterior lens capsule in exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a case report. PMID- 3488394 TI - A reactive metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is formed in rat brain in vitro by type B monoamine oxidase. AB - The formation of a reactive intermediate in the oxidative metabolism of 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) that can covalently bind to monoamine oxidase or other cellular macromolecules has been postulated by several authors. We report here direct in vitro evidence that MPTP is converted by monoamine oxidase, predominantly type B, to a reactive metabolite, which binds irreversibly to proteins in rat brain. Rat brain homogenates were incubated at 37 degrees C with 1-[methyl-3H]MPTP and the perchloric acid precipitates were washed exhaustively with organic solvents and counted for radioactivity. The amount of recovered radioactivity was enzyme-related: it was time- and temperature dependent and did not occur with preboiled tissue. This metabolic activity required oxygen; it was concentrated in the crude mitochondrial fraction and varied in different brain regions. Pargyline and deprenyl prevented the radioactivity binding, whereas clorgyline was less potent, indicating that monoamine oxidase, predominantly of type B, is the enzyme responsible for the production of the reactive metabolite. Glutathione and, to a lesser extent, cysteine and dithiothreitol, but not ascorbic acid, inhibited the irreversible protein binding, suggesting that sulfhydryl groups may react with the metabolite possibly leading to SH-conjugates. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium increased the irreversible protein binding, indicating that the reactive metabolite of MPTP may not be identified as the dihydropyridinium compound. This chemically reactive intermediate might play a role in MPTP neurotoxicity. PMID- 3488395 TI - Substance use and ethnicity: differential impact of peer and adult models. AB - Modeling of a specific behavior by peers and adults is an important influence on an adolescent's choice to engage in that behavior. This study examined the impact of perceived peer and adult substance use on reported self-use within groups of black, Hispanic, Asian, and white teenagers. Effects were studied for four types of drugs: beer/wine, hard liquor, marijuana, and pills. In general, Asians and blacks reported the least self-use, whites reported the most peer models, and blacks reported the most adult models. Differential patterns of increase in use and perceived use by grade level were found across the four ethnic groups. Overall, perceived peer use of beer/wine, liquor, and marijuana was associated more with self-use than was perceived adult use. For pill use, only whites reported significantly greater influence of peers over adults on their self-use. For all substances, blacks reported the least impact of peer use on self-use relative to the three other groups. In regard to the impact of adult use on self use, blacks and Hispanics reported the lowest for beer or wine; blacks and Asians reported the lowest for marijuana; and whites reported the highest for pills. These results are discussed in the context of differential vulnerability to modeling and vicarious learning. PMID- 3488396 TI - The psychiatric and social consequences of coronary artery surgery. PMID- 3488397 TI - Management of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding in a district general hospital. PMID- 3488398 TI - Immune presensitization and local intrauterine defences as determinants of success or failure of murine interspecies pregnancies. AB - Putatively immuno-incompetent Mus musculus females exhibited failure to support pregnancy of Mus caroli embryos. These results for M. musculus females (i.e. treated by cyclosporine A, of the nu/nu genotype, and as an interspecies chimaera) can be explained in immunological terms. Mus musculus females possessed pre-sensitized cytotoxic T cells against Mus caroli antigen. Nu/nu mice possessed activated NK cells and macrophages, and selectively discriminated against Mus caroli embryos early in pregnancy unlike normal +/+ females; the requirement for T cells to activate non-specific cytotoxic effector mechanisms was bypassed in nu/nu mice. Mus caroli are not inbred, and interspecies chimaeras which are tolerant of the antigens on the Mus musculus donor strain were not tolerant of cells from unrelated Mus caroli. Interspecies chimaeras also behaved as if they were pre-sensitized to Mus caroli. Our results show that Mus caroli embryos recruit fewer active suppressor cells even when gestating in Mus caroli decidua as compared to Mus musculus embryos in Mus musculus decidua and that the ability of Mus caroli placental cells to directly inhibit cytotoxic effector cell killing was inherently less than the inhibitory activity of placental cells from Mus musculus. Mus caroli embryos therefore appear to be less well defended against maternal immune attack even when gestating in a uterus possessing compatible Mus caroli decidual tissue. PMID- 3488399 TI - Late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency and polycystic ovary disease. A case report. AB - In a case of late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21HD), the clinical presentation was that of polycystic ovary disease (PCOD). Wedge resection of the ovaries yielded tissue that, on histology, was consistent with PCOD. Most likely the PCOD was secondary to the late-onset 21HD. PMID- 3488400 TI - Genes and joints: a challenge for the future. PMID- 3488401 TI - Mediator and target cell variability in proliferative response of human adherent synovial cells in culture. AB - The proliferation of cultures of adherent synovial cells was studied in response to mediators generated from several sources. Monocyte enriched cultures produced factors in the 70-80,000 and 12-16,000 molecular weight range. Both of these areas of activity also stimulate prostaglandin (PGE) from adherent synovial cells and have interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity. The 70-80,000 region appears to be the 12 16,000 molecular weight activity bound to serum components. When stimulated with the same concentration of a single preparation of this monocyte derived factor, cell lines showed great variability, with inhibition of proliferation in 2 cell lines and the remaining exhibiting stimulation. There was no correlation of proliferation with the PGE producing capacity of the cells. The proliferation response showed no correlation to PGE production by particular cell lines. Lymphocyte enriched cultures produced a factor of 36-40,000 daltons that stimulates adherent synovial cell proliferation but does not have PGE stimulating or IL-1 activity. PMID- 3488402 TI - The binding of dsDNA and ssDNA to human types I, II and IV collagens. AB - Our study was undertaken to determine if dsDNA and ssDNA, which are known to bind to bovine collagen and to glomerular basement membrane, also bind to purified human types I, II and IV collagens. Four human sera with antibodies to dsDNA and 4 human sera with antibodies to ssDNA, when employed in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, detected DNA binding to the solid phase only when the solid phase had been precoated with collagen. Mean optical densities (OD) of .978, 1.062 and 1.033 for dsDNA binding to types I, II and IV collagens, respectively, were substantially higher than the mean OD value of .177 obtained when dsDNA was applied to the noncollagen coated solid phase. Similarly, mean OD values of .664, .526 and .902 for ssDNA binding to types I, II and IV collagens, respectively, were higher than the mean OD value of .147 obtained when ssDNA was applied to the noncollagen coated solid phase. The affinity of DNA for collagen could be an important factor contributing to the localization of DNA-anti-DNA complexes in target tissues. PMID- 3488403 TI - Autoimmunity to articular collagen in patients with osteoarticular syndromes. AB - We studied the occurrence of autoimmunity to articular antigens in 39 patients with noninflammatory osteoarticular syndromes and 60 controls. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) was measured by assaying for leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) in supernates of mononuclear leukocytes cultured with native human collagen (types I, II, or III) or proteoglycan monomer. After stimulation with type II collagen, but not other antigens, 27/39 patients and 13/60 controls had positive LIF assays (p less than 0.001). In controls, but not in patients, CMI was associated with positivity for the HLA antigen DR4. No patient had antibodies to native type II collagen. These findings may reflect normal responses to articular injury or suggest that CMI contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarticular syndromes. But they also emphasize that peripheral blood reactivity is not a certain reflection of synovial immunopathology. PMID- 3488404 TI - Histologic findings in siblings with acute sarcoid arthritis: association with the B8,DR3 phenotype. AB - Three siblings with acute sarcoid arthritis and hilar adenopathy on chest radiograph (Lofgren's syndrome) are presented. Synovianalysis from 2 of 3 showed a predominance of mononuclear cells, and synovial biopsies from 2 of the 3 showed a mild inflammatory synovitis. All 3 siblings exhibited the B8,DR3 phenotype, and HLA testing of 8 prior cases identified at this institution showed the B8,DR3 phenotype in 6 of 8 patients with the 2 other patients exhibiting either B8 or DR3 alone. We confirm an earlier report that the B8,DR3 phenotype identifies a group of patients who are more likely to have acute sarcoid arthritis and hilar adenopathy without developing chronic disease. PMID- 3488405 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory/analgesic activities of 11H-dibenzo[b, e,][1,4]dioxepinacetic acids. AB - A new class of tricyclic arylacetic acids was synthesized and evaluated as antiinflammatory/analgesic agents as well as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase. 11H-Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-2-, -3, -7, and -8-acetic and alpha methylacetic acids and their derivatives were prepared by cyclization of diaryl ether precursors or by condensation of catechol and an aryl dihalide. The most potent compound in the carrageenan foot edema assay was alpha-methyl-11H dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-8-acetic acid (1 mg/kg = 43% inhibition). The most potent enzyme inhibitors were the 2-acetic acid and the alpha-methyl-7-acetic acid (IC50 = 0.1 microM). Some of these compounds were also found to be highly ulcerogenic. PMID- 3488406 TI - Characterization of the neurotoxic potential of m-methoxy-MPTP and the use of its N-ethyl analogue as a means of avoiding exposure to a possible Parkinsonism causing agent. AB - 1-Methyl-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2) produced persistent depletion of striatal dopamine in mice after four daily injections, although it was less potent than 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP has been implicated as a cause of Parkinsonism in drug abusers who inadvertently self-administered it and in industrial chemists who were exposed to it. Our results suggest that the m-methoxy compound has the same neurotoxic potential to cause destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons that would lead to Parkinsonian symptoms in humans. In contrast, 1-ethyl-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (11) had no effects on striatal dopamine in mice, even at doses 8 times those of MPTP. A method of preparing 11 and using it as an intermediate in the synthesis of potential analgesic drugs, thus avoiding a potentially neurotoxic intermediate, is described. PMID- 3488407 TI - Emission computed tomography. PMID- 3488408 TI - Clonality of the spontaneous immune response to DNA in murine lupus. AB - To probe the mechanism of spontaneous formation of anti-DNA antibodies, we studied the isotype distribution of anti-DNA antibodies in the plasma of NZB/W mice with incipient, chronic, and drug-attenuated nephritis. The concentration of anti-DNA antibodies in plasma did not discriminate between the various groups of mice, and the anti-DNA activity in renal eluates was very low and did not reflect the course of nephritis. Progression of incipient to chronic nephritis was associated with increase, and drug attenuation of nephritis with decrease, in plasma concentration of all isotypes tested. Anti-DNA antibodies were detected in all classes (IgG, IgM) of antibodies studied and the anti-DNA antibodies were found to be unrestricted with respect to IgG isotypes and within a given (IgG2a) isotype. The data indicate that the spontaneous immune response to DNA in NZB/W mice reflects activation of several autoreactive clones and that, overall, anti DNA activity in the plasma or renal eluate is a poor predictor of extent of renal disease. PMID- 3488410 TI - Early diagnosis and management of bleeding Meckel's diverticula. PMID- 3488411 TI - Esophageal variceal sclerotherapy: University of Mississippi Medical Center and Jackson Veterans Administration Medical Center experience--1980-1984. PMID- 3488412 TI - Pigment epithelial ensheathment and phagocytosis of rod tips in the retina of Rana catesbeiana. AB - Two modes of shedding of rod disc membranes were observed by electron microscopy in bullfrog retinas illuminated for various periods from 10 min to 2 hr. One mode is "autonomous shedding" whereby rods shed disc packets directly into the subretinal space. Most of the discarded disc packets are subsequently brought into contact with villous apical processes of pigment epithelial (PE) cells and are ultimately engulfed by these cells. When some of the shed disc membranes remain in the subretinal space, it appears that these remnants may be phagocytized by ameboid phagocytes. The other mode is "cooperative shedding" whereby rods shed disc packets with the participation of pigment epithelial ensheathment. Shedding of a disc packet from a rod tip, and enclosing of the rod tip by a broad, sleeve-like apical process of a PE cell, take place simultaneously. The separated disc packets may be immediately engulfed by the PE cells without risk of failure. Both villous and sleeve-like types of apical processes of PE cells in the bullfrog lack pigment granules, in contrast to the finger-like apical processes that do contain pigment granules. Villous and sleeve like processes therefore probably belong to the same category as the leaf-like apical processes of PE cells in mammalian retinas. PMID- 3488413 TI - Packing for control of hepatic hemorrhage. AB - From July 1978 to July 1985, 1,348 patients with hepatic injuries were treated. During this period, 66 patients (5.3% or 9.4 patients/year) required perihepatic packing. Penetrating wounds accounted for 77.2% of injuries requiring packing. Seventeen patients died in the operating room from massive hepatic and other intra-abdominal injuries and were excluded from further analysis. Perihepatic packing was inserted in 41 patients at a first operation and at a second or third operation in eight others. The major indications for packing were post-repair coagulopathies (85.5%) and extensive subcapsular hematomas or capsular avulsion (12.2%). Packing was removed from 28 surviving patients (28/49 = 57.1%) at an average of 3.7 days following insertion. Pack removal was accomplished by laparotomy in 24 patients (85.7%) and extraction through a hole in the body wall in four others. Ten postoperative intra-abdominal fluid collections, hematomas, or abscesses occurred in nine patients (9/49 = 18.4%) surviving the first operation. Perihepatic packing continues to be a life-saving adjunct in a highly selected group of patients with the most severe hepatic injuries and nonmechanical bleeding at the completion of repairs or extensive subcapsular hematomas. PMID- 3488414 TI - Liver packing for uncontrolled hemorrhage: a reappraisal. AB - The efficacy of liver packing for uncontrolled hemorrhage was assessed in 345 patients with hepatic injuries divided into two groups: Group I (1977-1980; n = 177), when packing was not used and Group II (1981-1985; n = 168) when the technique was employed. Despite similar clinical details, mortality from bleeding was unchanged (19.2% and 19.4% overall, and 63.7% and 61.7% for Grade IV, V, VI liver injuries). Packing was used in 14 patients who were in clinical coagulopathy after debridement-resection of the injured liver: eight patients (57%) expired from continued bleeding; five of the six survivors (83.3%) developed intra-abdominal abscesses despite early removal of the pack. The incidence of sepsis was significantly (p less than 0.002) increased as compared to that of 15 similar patients who had debridement-resection without packing. Liver packing, in our experience, has not altered the mortality from major hepatic trauma and appeared to increase the incidence of abdominal sepsis. PMID- 3488409 TI - Caffeine inhibition of calcium accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in mammalian skinned fibers. AB - Oxalate-supported Ca accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of chemically skinned mammalian skeletal muscle fibers is activated by MgATP and Ca2+ and partially inhibited by caffeine. Inhibition by caffeine is greatest when Ca2+ exceeds 0.3 to 0.4 microM, when free ATP exceeds 0.8 to 1 mM, and when the inhibitor is present from the beginning of the loading period rather than when it is added after Ca oxalate has already begun to precipitate within the SR. Under the most favorable combination of these conditions, this effect of caffeine is maximal at 2.5 to 5 mM and is half-maximal at approximately 0.5 mM. For a given concentration of caffeine, inhibition decreases to one-half of its maximum value when free ATP is reduced to 0.2 to 0.3 mM. Varying free Mg2+ (0.1 to 2 mM) or MgATP (0.03 to 10 mM) has no effect on inhibition. Average residual uptake rates in the presence of 5 mM caffeine at pCa 6.4 range from 32 to 70% of the control rates in fibers from different animals. The extent of inhibition in whole-muscle homogenates is similar to that observed in skinned fibers, but further purification of SR membranes by differential centrifugation reduces their ability to respond to caffeine. In skinned fibers, caffeine does not alter the Ca2+ concentration dependence of Ca uptake (K0.5, 0.5 to 0.8 microM; Hill n, 1.5 to 2.1). Reductions in rate due to caffeine are accompanied by proportional reductions in maximum capacity of the fibers, and this configuration can be mimicked by treating fibers with the ionophore A23187. Caffeine induces a sustained release of Ca from fibers loaded with Ca oxalate. However, caffeine induced Ca release is transient when fibers are loaded without oxalate. The effects of caffeine on rate and capacity of Ca uptake as well as the sustained and transient effects on uptake and release observed under different conditions can be accounted for by a single mode of action of caffeine: it increases Ca permeability in a limited population of SR membranes, and these membranes coexist with a population of caffeine-insensitive membranes within the same fiber. PMID- 3488415 TI - Prolonged closed liver packing in severe hepatic trauma: experience with 36 patients. AB - Thirty-six patients with severe hepatic trauma were treated with prolonged closed liver packing. Reoperation to remove the packing was performed from 7 to 10 days after the first operation. Prolonged closed liver packing was associated with low infection and mortality rates. We conclude that this technique should be used in patients in whom other techniques have failed to control hemorrhage, and should not be used in patients with ruptured hollow viscus or in patients with injuries of the large extrahepatic vessels. PMID- 3488416 TI - Mutation in the VP-1 gene is responsible for the extended host range of a monkey B-lymphotropic papovavirus mutant capable of growing in T-lymphoblastoid cells. AB - Monkey B-lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) replicates only in B-lymphoblastoid cells, whereas the LPV mutant 76 (LPV-76) can grow in either B- or T lymphoblastoid cells. The nucleotide sequence of the wild-type LPV PstI B segment was compared with that of LPV-76 PstI-B, within which the mutation responsible for the extended host range had been located. The VP-1 coding region of LPV-76 was found to have mutations, single-base substitutions causing three amino acid substitutions. PMID- 3488418 TI - Hemorrhagic complications of piperacillin therapy. AB - Clinically significant hemorrhage associated with extended spectrum anti Pseudomonas penicillins is uncommon. We describe 2 patients with bleeding complications owing to piperacillin. In addition, we review the incidence and mechanism of this adverse reaction, and make suggestions for the management of these patients. PMID- 3488417 TI - Enhanced susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocytes of target cells isolated from virus-infected or interferon-treated mice. AB - Bone marrow cells and thymocytes isolated from virus-infected or interferon (IFN) treated mice had marked increases in sensitivity to lysis by allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and in expression of class I histocompatibility antigens. Cultured fibroblasts treated with IFN in vitro yielded similar findings in addition to having increased sensitivity to lysis by virus-specific CTL. This indicates that virus-induced IFN may condition target cells in vivo for surveillance by CTL. PMID- 3488419 TI - Basis for an international classification of cerebral arterial diseases. PMID- 3488420 TI - Radiolabeled ligands expand PET exploration of numerous normal, abnormal brain functions. PMID- 3488421 TI - [Experimental study of the ototoxicity of fosfomycin]. AB - Two tenths ml of 5% fosfomycin sodium solution (10 mg) was injected into the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs once a day for 7 days. Auditory brain stem response (ABR) was performed to examine the effect of the drug on the experimental animals. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopic study was also performed to observe the effect of the drug on outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and on vestibular sensory epithelia. No degenerative changes were observed in outer hair cell cilia of the organ of Corti and the vestibular sensory cilia at 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 1 month after injection. No changes of the threshold of ABR were also noticed. PMID- 3488422 TI - [Clinical investigation of the therapeutic effects of cefmenoxime in the treatment of infections complicated by hematological diseases]. AB - Therapeutic effects on cefmenoxime hemihydrochloride (CMX, Bestcall), a new synthetic cephem antibiotic, were examined in the treatment of various infections complicated with hematological diseases. The number of patients treated with CMX was 37 including 5 cases of sepsis or suspected sepsis, 14 cases of pneumonia or suspected pneumonia, 5 cases of upper respiratory diseases, 2 cases of urinary tract infections and 11 cases of other infections. All of these infections were complicated with hematological diseases: Acute leukemia, 13 cases; chronic myelocytic leukemia, 1 case; adult T cell leukemia, 3 cases; malignant lymphoma, 8 cases; Hodgkin's disease, 2 cases and myeloma, 3 cases. CMX were administered by a single intravenous injection or by a drip infusion. The dose was between 2 and 6 grams per day. Good to excellent clinical results were obtained in 25 out of 37 cases, total effective rate of 67.6%. No clinical side effects or abnormal laboratory findings attributable to CMX were observed except for light diarrhea in 2 cases. By the clinical investigation, it was demonstrated that CMX was one of safe and effective antibiotics for treating infections in the compromised hosts complicated with hematological diseases. PMID- 3488424 TI - A simple method for the determination of the drug-inactivating activity of bacteria using sensitivity discs. PMID- 3488423 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a combination therapy using cefmenoxime and cefsulodin on infections complicated by hematological disorders. Tohkai Research Group on Infections in Hematopoietic Disorders]. AB - Infected patients with hematological disorders were treated with the combination of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefsulodin (CFS). This therapy was done on 74 patients, of whom 38 (51%) had acute myelocytic leukemia, 14 (19%) malignant lymphoma, 7 (9%) acute lymphocytic leukemia, 5 aplastic anemia, 4 adult T cell leukemia, 4 chronic myelocytic leukemia, 1 multiple myeloma and 1 histiocytic medullary reticulosis. Complicated infections included 5 cases of septicemia, 41 cases of suspected septicemia, 19 cases of respiratory tract infection, 2 with anal abscess, 1 with urinary tract infection and others. The obtained results were as follows: Clinical effectiveness of the combination therapy was excellent in 17 cases (23.0%), good in 24 (32.4%) and poor in 33 (44.6%). Total clinical efficacy rate was 55.4%. Clinical efficacy rate was 40% against septicemias, 51.2% against suspected septicemias and 57.9% against respiratory tract infections. Causative pathogens were isolated in only 21 cases (28.4%): Gram-positive bacteria in 9 cases, Gram-negative bacteria in 11 and fungus in 1. About half of the Gram negative bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas sp. The efficacy rate of this combination therapy against Gram-negative bacterial infections was 72.7% but the rate against Gram-positive bacterial infections were only 33.3%. Only in 1 case, this combination therapy was discontinued because of drug eruption. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 5 cases: Elevation of BUN in 3, GOT and GPT in 1 and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time in 1. In conclusion, this combination therapy of CMX and CFS is useful and safe against infections complicated by hematological disorders. PMID- 3488425 TI - [In vitro susceptibilities of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) against causative organisms in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of various causative organisms recently isolated from patients with genital infections to BRL 25000 (a formulation with 2 parts of amoxicillin and 1 part of potassium clavulanate), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CDX) and cefroxadine (CXD) were determined. beta-Lactamase-producing strains were detected by the nitrocefin disc method. Frequencies of isolation of beta-lactamase producing strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and B. fragilis were 36%, 96% and 100%, respectively. The activity of BRL 25000 against S. agalactiae and anaerobic GPC (anaerobic Streptococci, Peptostreptococcus spp.) was slightly less than that of AMPC but was 2- to 4-fold higher than CCL and 8- to 16-fold higher than CEX, CDX and CXD. Against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, the activity of BRL 25000 was superior to that of AMPC and approximately equal to CEX, CDX and CXD but 2-fold less than CCL. Against the B. fragilis group, BRL 25000 was much more active than AMPC or any of the cephalosporins tested, clearly demonstrating the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of the clavulanic acid in BRL 25000. At inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, MIC values of BRL 25000 were 12.5-50 micrograms/ml against some strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and B. fragilis. A mechanism of resistance other than beta lactamase production is obviously prevalent in these strains. It is speculated that the resistance may be due to a low affinity of the drug to target proteins. Mixed infections of B. fragilis and E. coli or K. pneumoniae are commonly found in the obstetric and gynecological patients. BRL 25000 shows activity against these strains and also against both aerobic and anaerobic GPC. Therefore, BRL 25000 is considered useful for the treatment of genital infections. PMID- 3488426 TI - [Abnormal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes with natural killer activity and peculiar phenotype (HNK-1+, OKT 3+, 4+, 8+ and IgG EA-)]. PMID- 3488428 TI - [Phenotypic and functional characterization of malignant T-cell lymphoma]. PMID- 3488427 TI - [CYVADIC therapy of T cell lymphoma]. PMID- 3488429 TI - [A case of neoplastic angioendotheliosis with multiple pulmonary nodules]. PMID- 3488430 TI - [A case of T-cell lymphoma with IgA type autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 3488431 TI - [Characteristics of diagnosis with radioisotope imaging]. PMID- 3488432 TI - [Role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 3488433 TI - [67Ga-scintigraphy in patients with malignant tumors]. PMID- 3488434 TI - [The significance of nuclear contour index on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]. PMID- 3488435 TI - [Age-related alterations in the immunoregulatory system]. PMID- 3488436 TI - [Ischemic heart disease in the elderly]. PMID- 3488438 TI - [Assessment of abnormal hemorrhage immediately after delivery]. PMID- 3488437 TI - [Abnormal hemorrhage immediately after delivery]. PMID- 3488439 TI - [Emergency treatment of abnormal hemorrhage: information for midwives]. PMID- 3488440 TI - [Nursing and emergency management of hemorrhage immediately after birth]. PMID- 3488441 TI - [Anti-ENA antibody and nephropathy--cases of MCTD and SLE]. PMID- 3488442 TI - [Cardiac functional mapping for thallium-201 myocardial perfusion, washout, wall motion and phase using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)]. PMID- 3488443 TI - [Splenic contraction in patients with various disorders]. PMID- 3488444 TI - [Investigation of 67Ga myocardial SPECT images in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3488445 TI - [Significance of Ga-67 single photon emission computed tomography in diffuse pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3488446 TI - [Single photon emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of skull base invasion by nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 3488447 TI - [Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow with 13N-ammonia and fast dynamic positron CT in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 3488448 TI - [Alteration of cerebral glucose metabolism after high-dose methotrexate treatment]. PMID- 3488449 TI - [Evaluation of coronary artery disease by functional mapping of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion]. PMID- 3488450 TI - [Effects of non-uniform attenuators on cardiac single photon emission computerized tomography--simulation experiments]. PMID- 3488451 TI - [Pre- and postoperative care of a patient undergoing CABG (coronary revascularization)]. PMID- 3488452 TI - [Information processing in nursing: the Tiny-POS system using a personal computer]. PMID- 3488453 TI - Effects of nicardipine on frog skeletal muscle in normal and calcium-free media. AB - The effects of the new "Ca-antagonist," nicardipine, on frog skeletal muscle were studied. Nicardipine (3 X 10(-10)-3 X 10(-7) M) had no effect on the twitch tension yet a high concentration (3 X 10(-6) M) had a slight potentiating effect, with no effect on the action potential. Nicardipine suppressed the repetitive action potentials induced by perfusion of Ca-free solution and thereby suppressed augmentation of the tension responses, in a dose dependent manner. A high concentration of nicardipine (3 X 10(-6) M) abolished the twitch tension due to abolition of the action potential, in Ca-free solution. These abolitions of the action potential and twitches induced by nicardipine in Ca-free solution were antagonized in the case of NaCl hypertonic solution. Therefore, nicardipine probably inhibits Na permeability in frog skeletal muscle placed in Ca-free solution. PMID- 3488454 TI - Observation of electro-kinetic phenomena by imposing oscillating pressure and voltage gradients across some epithelial membranes. AB - When hydrostatic pressure across epithelia fixed between a Ussing-type chamber was oscillated mechanically, the membrane potential was found to oscillate synchronously. When the transepithelial potential was oscillated artificially, the hydrostatic pressure difference also oscillated synchronously. Under such oscillating gradient conditions, concentration changes in the unstirred layer can be minimized. Accordingly, the method using such oscillatory gradients seem to be appropriate for observation of the true streaming potential and electro-osmosis, respectively. PMID- 3488455 TI - Stress and immune responses. I. Suppression of T cell function in restraint stressed mice. AB - Effects of restraint stress on humoral immune responses were investigated in mice. Mice were restrained for 12 hours per day at nighttime and released at daytime for 2 consecutive days, either before or after sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immunization. The antibody response to SRBC was markedly suppressed in mice that were restrained before antigen injection. In contrast, the response was not significantly affected when the stress was loaded after immunization. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg diazepam prevented the stress-induced suppression of anti-SRBC antibody response. On the other hand, antibody responses to T cell independent antigens such as trinitrophenylated (TNP)-Ficoll and TNP lipopolysaccharide were not suppressed. These results suggest that the restraint stress causes dysfunction of T cell populations in mice. PMID- 3488456 TI - Stress and immune responses. II. Identification of stress-sensitive cells in murine spleen cells. AB - The influences of restraint stress on the functions of T cells, B cells and adherent cells in antibody responses were investigated. Antibody response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a T cell-dependent antigen, in cultured splenocytes from restrained mice was reduced to about 40-50% of that from the control mice. Addition of normal T cells to these cultures, however, restored the suppressed response. Moreover, helper T cell activities were lowered in restrained mice. On the other hand, suppressor T cell activities induced by both concanavalin A (Con A) and SRBC were significantly decreased in restrained mice. However, the antibody responses to T cell-independent antigens in stressed mice were approximately 40% higher than the control response. These enhancement were also observed in T cell-depleted splenocytes. Polyclonal antibody response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was increased in stressed mice. Antigen presenting cell activities were little influenced by restraint stress. Proliferative response to Con A, but not that to LPS, was suppressed in splenocytes from restrained mice. These results suggest that both helper and suppressor activities of T cells are suppressed, but B cell activity is rather enhanced in splenocytes from restrained mice. PMID- 3488457 TI - A method of measuring quantitative hepatic function and hemodynamics in cirrhosis: the changes following distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Quantitative measurement is required to define the severity of chronic liver disease and the effects of therapy on its complications. This paper presents a method of such assessment based on measurement of hepatocyte function, liver volume, functional liver blood flow, portal perfusion and cardiac output. Data are presented on 54 patients evaluated prior to, and one year after DSRS for variceal bleeding. Preoperative testing showed that alcoholics (n = 24) had significantly (p less than 0.05) larger liver and smaller spleen volumes than nonalcoholic cirrhotics (n = 22) and patients with portal vein thrombosis (n = 8), but that the other parameters were not significantly different by etiologies. At one year after DSRS: all groups showed a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction of 41 per cent in spleen size: liver volume was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced in cirrhotics: there was a significantly (p less than 0.01) greater loss of portal perfusion in alcoholic cirrhosis: liver blood flow showed a significant (p less than 0.05) rise in alcoholics when compared to nonalcoholics and portal vein thrombosis patients: cardiac output rose in alcoholic cirrhosis: hepatocyte function was not significantly different in any group. This study shows that in patients all doing well clinically one year after DSRS, there are markedly different hemodynamic responses. Further studies on cirrhosis aimed at improving therapy for its complications should include some objective, quantitative assessment, first to define the study population, and second to measure the effect of the therapy. PMID- 3488458 TI - [Cold-reactive lymphocytotoxin in sarcoidosis--comparison with lymphocytotoxin in sarcoidosis and systemic lupus erythematodes]. PMID- 3488459 TI - [Measurement of plasma C3a and C5a in patients with various lung diseases and rabbits with endotoxin shock]. PMID- 3488461 TI - [Murine pulmonary NK activity and its augmentation by Poly I:C and IL-2]. PMID- 3488460 TI - [Analysis of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. PMID- 3488463 TI - [Study on rosette formation of thymus lymphocytes in the rat treated with BBN inducing urinary bladder cancer. Effect of the thymus humoral factor in vitro]. PMID- 3488462 TI - [T-lymphocyte subsets of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in pulmonary sarcoidosis--correlation with clinical stage]. PMID- 3488464 TI - Feline interleukin 2 activity. PMID- 3488465 TI - [Relation between the asymmetry of optokinetic nystagmus and optovestibular and vestibulo-autonomic stability]. AB - Comparative quantitative analysis of physiological asymmetry of the optokinetic nystagmus produced predominantly by central optokinetic stimulation (field of vision = 30 degrees) or peripheral stimulation (field of vision = 110 degrees) reveals an objective correlation between the asymmetry coefficient of the central optokinetic nystagmus with respect to the angular velocity of its slow phase and susceptibility to motion sickness caused by Coriolis and pseudocoriolis acceleration, the nystagmus velocity being up to 45 deg/sec. PMID- 3488466 TI - Chloride transport in bullfrog gastric mucosa. AB - Omeprazole uncouples histamine-stimulated hydrogen and chloride secretion in the frog gastric mucosa. This uncoupling results in a large increase in PD and Isc due to the unmasking of an electrogenic Cl- flux. Using a selective anoxia technique, we have attempted to define the cellular origin of this electrogenic Cl- flux. Sixteen bullfrog gastric mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers. Under short-circuit conditions, PD, Isc, R, and unidirectional 36Cl flux were determined every 15 min. Acid secretion (10(-5) M histamine) was measured by hand titration (0.1 N NaOH). With both sides of the mucosae oxygenated, the addition of omeprazole (10(-4) M) resulted in cessation of H+ secretion and the unveiling of an electrogenic Cl- flux. Subsequent serosal anoxia (5% CO2-95% N2 nutrient side/30% O2 secretory side) resulted in a drop in JClnet associated with an appropriate fall in Isc. These changes were reversible with reoxygenation: (Table: see text). Bullfrog gastric mucosae which are partially oxygenated on the secretory side only (serosal anoxia) do not secrete acid in response to histamine. Therefore, the JClnet which is inhibited in these experiments by serosal anoxia may originate in the gastric glands approximately equal to 3.0 mu eq/cm2 X hr). The JClnet which remains during serosal anoxia may originate in the surface epithelial cells (approximately equal to 1.0 mu eq/cm2 X hr). PMID- 3488467 TI - Fibrin glue as a biologic vascular patch--a comparative study. AB - Fibrin glue is a biologic two component hemostatic adhesive. Fibrin glue acts as an effective vascular plus after arterial injury without suture at pressures twice systolic. It is also effective on vein at physiologic pressures, however, venous distensibility precludes its efficacy beyond these limits. Recent studies have documented its utility as a preclot material on vascular grafts and as a seal for sutured vascular anastomoses. This study was designed to characterize the glue's sealant ability when applied to open arterial and venous injuries, and to compare its efficacy with currently available hemostatic agents. Segments of canine peripheral artery and vein were isolated and perforated with a 16-gauge needle. This injury was treated by random application of either fibrin sealant (FS), oxidized cellulose (OC), microcrystalline collagen (MC), or MC plus thrombin (MCT). Five minutes after patch application, intralumenal pressure was increased progressively with saline infusion to ascertain bursting threshold. The arterial bursting threshold was significantly higher for FA (250 +/- 59.7 mm Hg) than for OC (12.5 +/- 6.1 mm Hg), MC (17.2 +/- 21.9 mm Hg) or MCT (10.8 +/- 13.8 mm Hg) (P less than 10(6)). The bursting threshold of FS applied to vein (17.5 +/ 11.7) was not significantly different from other agents (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3488468 TI - Colorectal carcinoma in a rat model: suppression of tumour development and altered host immune status following treatment with anti B-lymphocyte serum. AB - The rate of colonic tumour development and immune capability in rats whose B lymphocyte function was suppressed by injections of rabbit anti-rat IgM and also given the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were studied. Four rat groups were arranged to receive either DMH + anti-IgM, DMH + normal rabbit serum (NRS), saline + anti-IgM, or saline + NRS. Tumour weight, blood and mesenteric lymph node B-lymphocyte numbers, in vivo allograft response, in vitro lymphocytotoxicity, and leucocyte migration inhibition response (LMI) were recorded fortnightly. Tumour induction was delayed in the DMH + anti-IgM (treated tumour) group, which developed less tumour than the DMH + NRS (untreated tumour) group (p less than 0.001). Spleen cell lymphocytotoxicities were depressed in treated rats when compared to either the saline + anti-IgM (treated control) rats or the untreated rats (P less than 0.02), whereas anti-IgM treatment suppressed lymphocytotoxicity responses in control rats (p less than 0.05). The untreated tumour rats were tumour immune by LMI; however, the treated tumour rats did not express this in vitro tumour immunity. The B-lymphocyte levels in the mesenteric lymph nodes of untreated tumour rats increased with tumour induction (p less than 0.05), whereas in the treated tumour rats B-lymphocyte levels were not similarly stimulated. PMID- 3488469 TI - Quantification of cell surface roughness; a method for studying cell mechanical and adhesive properties. AB - The presence on the surface of nucleated cells of a variety of asperities of different size and shape plays a prominent role in cell-cell and cell-substrate interaction. Also, the organization of these asperities is directly related to cellular cytoskeletal elements. In the present report, we describe a simple and objective method of studying electron micrographs to quantify the roughness of cell contours. Constant-length segments of cell boundaries are compared to reference circular segments with common extremities and enclosing the same area. This procedure was performed with a digitizer connected to a microcomputer, and it was used to analyse model contours or electron micrographs of (i) target tumour cells bound by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and (ii) thymocytes sticking to concanavalin A-coated surfaces. It is shown that this method allows precise quantification of cell deformation in adhesive zones, which may allow absolute evaluation of adhesive stimuli. PMID- 3488470 TI - Use of the intra-aortic balloon pump after valve replacement. Predictive indices, correlative parameters, and patient survival. AB - Intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation required as an adjunct during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass or for circulatory support in the immediate postoperative period was analyzed in 2,498 patients undergoing valve replacement between December, 1972, and September, 1981. A total of 140 successful insertions were performed in 155 attempts. Ninety-five of these patients were from a homogeneous cohort of 1,908 patients undergoing valve replacement with porcine xenografts and were analyzed for factors that might be useful predictors of the need for balloon pump support. Univariate analysis of individual factors delineated preoperative characteristics in patients having mitral valve replacement and intraoperative factors in all patients that correlated with use of the balloon pump. Multivariate analysis revealed a subset of male patients with mitral valve and coronary disease most likely to require counterpulsation. Overall survival rate was markedly reduced at 30 days (balloon counterpulsation plus valve replacement, 50% +/- 5%; valve replacement only, 96% +/- 5%; p less than 0.001) and at 1 year (balloon counterpulsation plus valve replacement, 38% +/- 5%; valve replacement only, 89% +/- 1%, p less than 0.001) if balloon pumping was required. The entire group of 140 patients were retrospectively analyzed for factors predictive of survival. Patients requiring balloon pumping who had a preoperative diagnosis of aortic regurgitation had a lower 1 year survival rate (13% +/- 9%) than the total subgroup undergoing balloon counterpulsation (36% +/- 4.0%) (p = 0.002). Similarly patients treated by balloon counterpulsation who had postoperative renal failure had a significantly lower 1 year survival rate (17% +/- 5%) than those without renal failure (66% +/- 6%) (p = 0.003). The survival rate of patients who required this therapeutic modality after valve replacement is poor. Other methods of hemodynamic support are necessary. PMID- 3488471 TI - Extracorporeal circulation without an oxygenator in coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3488472 TI - Understanding and treatment of rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis in traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 3488475 TI - [What to do in hemorrhage caused by esophageal varices in advanced cirrhosis?]. PMID- 3488473 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by esophageal varices in patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis. Is intensive therapy useful?]. PMID- 3488474 TI - [Osteocalcin (BGP) values in postmenopausal osteoporosis before and after treatment with calcitonin]. PMID- 3488476 TI - [Interleukin 2 and cancer]. PMID- 3488477 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae epiglottitis complicated by empyema]. PMID- 3488478 TI - [Brucellosis 1985]. PMID- 3488479 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukosis after Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3488480 TI - [Subpopulations of circulating T-lymphocytes in parenteral drug addicts]. PMID- 3488481 TI - Successful use of interferon alfa-n1 in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. AB - Following a report on the beneficial effects of interferon administered to patients with hairy cell leukemia, a trial was initiated to test a highly purified interferon in cytopenic hairy cell leukemia patients undeniably requiring therapy. Their response was followed with detailed immunologic surface marker studies. PMID- 3488483 TI - ICV-CRH potently affects behavior without altering antinociceptive responding. AB - To explore the hypothesized integrative function of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in the stress response, stress-related behaviors including antinociception were studied in rats after either intracerebroventricular (ICV) or peripheral administration of CRH. The effects of low-dose (0.3 microgram) and high-dose (3.0 micrograms) ICV-CRH were compared to those of vehicle, employing a within-S design. The two doses yielded comparable behavioral changes suggestive of increased arousal and stress. These changes were characterized by significant increases in grooming, walking, burrowing, self-gnawing, and pica, and decreases in rearing and sleeping. None of these effects of ICV-CRH were obtained with peripheral administration of the same doses. The hot-plate test of analgesia failed to show a significant effect of ICV-CRH or peripherally administered CRH. A between-S experiment incorporating both the tail-flick and the hot-plate tests of analgesia compared ICV-CRH (3.0 micrograms) with vehicle. ICV-CRH did not affect antinociceptive responding in either of these tests. In contrast, ICV morphine (10 micrograms) yielded potent analgesia in both tests. Thus, with doses of ICV-CRH yielding clear evidence of stress-related behavior, no evidence of analgesia was obtained. These findings question the possible role of central CRH systems in antinociceptive processes. PMID- 3488482 TI - Effect of drug therapy on compensation from vestibular injury. AB - The influence of selected drugs on compensation from unilateral labyrinthectomy was studied in the cat. The drugs investigated included: a. amphetamine, b. diazepam, c. dimenhydrinate, d. scopolamine, and e. trimethobenzamide. The most beneficial drugs for improving recovery were a stimulant (amphetamine) and a general anti-emetic (trimethobenzamide). It is postulated they had this effect by improving the overall activity level with general exercise being a known positive influence. Conversely the other drugs either had little effect on recovery or hindered it, by presumably suppressing the sensory imbalance in the vestibular system that is essential stimulus to ultimate recovery. PMID- 3488484 TI - Energy-driven uptake of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by brain mitochondria mediates the neurotoxicity of MPTP. AB - The oxidation of NAD+-linked substrates by rat brain mitochondria is completely inhibited by pre-incubation with 0.5 mM N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+). The effect is dependent on the integrity of the mitochondria because far higher concentrations of MPP+ are required to inhibit NADH oxidation in inverted mitochondria or isolated inner membrane preparations. The reason for this difference in behavior has been traced to a novel system for the uptake of MPP+ into mitochondria against a concentration gradient. The uptake system is energized by the transmembrane potential, as shown by the fact that valinomycin plus K+, which collapses this gradient, abolishes MPP+ uptake, while agents which collapse the proton gradient have no effect on the process. If an uncoupler is added to mitochondria preloaded with MPP+, efflux of the latter occurs with the concentration gradient. The uptake system has been studied in liver, whole brain, cortex, and midbrain preparations from rats. It may be readily distinguished from the synaptic dopamine reuptake system, since the former is blocked by uncouplers and respiratory inhibitors, but not by dopamine or mazindol, whereas the synaptic system is blocked by mazindol and competitively inhibited by dopamine but is not affected by respiratory inhibitors or uncouplers. Energy-driven uptake of MPP+ by brain mitochondria may be a crucial step in the complex sequence of events leading to the neurotoxic actions of its precursor, MPTP. PMID- 3488485 TI - Determination of plasma total alpha-1-antitrypsin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 3488486 TI - Immunogold cell labelling system for T lymphocyte enumeration: an evaluation. PMID- 3488487 TI - Institutional differences in therapeutic decision making in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). AB - This article examines institutional differences in therapeutic decision making in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). The initial decision to use medical therapy or coronary artery bypass surgery for coronary artery disease is studied. Data from the CASS registry and a survey of CASS principal investigators were used to examine the effects of institutional characteristics, individual physician characteristics, and decision making responsibility on the recommended therapy, the actual therapy, and the ratio of the observed to expected number of surgeries. The results indicated that the experience and involvement of the surgeon in the decision making process were related to actual and recommended rates of surgery. The percentage of urgent transfers from other hospitals and the percentage of surgical referrals to outside hospitals were related to the ratio of the observed to expected numbers of surgery, an adjusted rate of surgery. A major conclusion of this study is that despite the effects of certain institutional constructs, scientific criteria in the form of clinical and angiographic data are the most important determinants of whether a patient receives coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3488488 TI - Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells. IX. Thyroid epithelial cells are antigen presenting cells. AB - We observed T lymphoblast generation after three days of culture of normal spleen lymphocytes on monolayers of syngeneic thyroid epithelial cells. It appears that only these T lymphoblasts sensitized on thyroid monolayers are specifically labelled by fluorescein-conjugated thyroglobulin. In this study, the role of thyroglobulin, and the manner in which it is presented to syngeneic T cells bearing receptors for thyroglobulin were investigated. It appears that thyroglobulin plays a key role in primary syngeneic sensitization of spleen cells in vitro, but its action is not exclusive. Proteins, which are encoded by a gene located in the I-A subregion level of the major histocompatibility complex, are capable of inducing a primary proliferative signal when the presentation of syngeneic class II antigens by syngeneic thyroid epithelial cells is simultaneous. In addition, thyroglobulin-pulsed macrophages are not able to do so. In contrast, once this primary syngeneic T cell proliferation has been accomplished, soluble thyroglobulin is sufficient to induce a secondary response by these syngeneic T cells. PMID- 3488489 TI - Effect of glycerol on plasmid transfer in genetically competent Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The small plasmid pAT4 transformed at characteristically low frequencies those competent Haemophilus influenzae Rd strains that had no DNA homology with this plasmid. Transformation was increased up to 100 times, however, when the recipient cells were exposed to 30% glycerol before plating for transformants. Expression of plasmid resistance markers was then immediate. Ultraviolet irradiation experiments indicated that this large increase was due to release by the glycerol of double-stranded plasmid molecules, presumably from transformasomes. Several other plasmids exhibited the same phenomenon. Dimethylsulfoxide also stimulated plasmid transformation but lysolecithin and high concentrations of NaCl or glucose were ineffective. Glycerol did not increase the efficiency of transformation by either chromosomal DNA or linearized plasmid DNA. PMID- 3488490 TI - Protecting penicillin from penicillinase. AB - A bacterial strain exposed to penicillin may produce an extracellular enzyme called penicillinase which leaves the bacterial cell and degrades the penicillin around it by hydrolysing the cyclic amide bond in the beta-lactam ring of penicillin and thus inactivates the antibiotic. Experiments were conducted to find a competitive and a non-competitive inhibitor which could irreversibly inhibit the activity of penicillinase, allowing penicillin to destroy the bacterial strain. After testing many inhibitors some had synergistic, antagonistic or even no affect on the bacterial strain. The non-competitive inhibitor which had the best result was iodine, and the best competitive inhibitor in its group was sulphoxazole. PMID- 3488492 TI - Capillary recruitment and heterogeneity of microvascular flow in skeletal muscle before and after contraction. AB - The two objectives of this study were to evaluate the spatial distribution of velocities measured simultaneously in a population of capillaries at the surface of a sartorius muscle in anesthetized frogs, and to estimate the cross-sectional density of capillaries perfused with red cells in this muscle at rest and after supramaximal stimulation. In each of 10 muscles studied, the mean velocity associated with this distribution increased significantly after the stimulation (overall increase from 0.12 mm/sec in control to 0.46 mm/sec at the peak of hyperemia). The coefficient of variation (i.e., ratio of standard deviation to mean velocity), however, decreased, indicating that the individual velocities became relatively more homogeneous and that microvascular adjustments occurred at the capillary level. Additionally, the proportion of capillaries with zero or very low velocities (0-0.1 mm/sec) was reduced practically in all muscles suggesting an improved oxygen exchange after every stimulation. In contrast to these consistent velocity responses in all muscles, capillary recruitment was detected only in 5 out of 10 muscles (overall density increase from 104 to 134 cap/mm2). This partial occurrence of recruitment (range, 23-149%) was associated with control mean velocities less than 0.1 mm/sec. Since, in light of the velocity data, the absence of recruitment in the 5 remaining muscles did not necessarily signify the lack of microvascular adjustments at the capillary level, it is proposed that more sensitive indexes, such as the reduction in the proportion of low flow capillaries and the increase in relative homogeneity, be used in addition to or instead of recruitment, to describe more completely the microvascular response to stimulation. PMID- 3488491 TI - Utilization of cephalothin by Yersinia enterocolitica as sole carbon and energy source. AB - Two Yersinia enterocolitica strains were able to utilize the products of cephalothin degradation. The utilization of these products was shown by an increase of oxygen uptake by Y. enterocolitica with cephalothin as the only substrate, and by the growth of both strains with the hydrolysis products of cephalothin as sole energy and carbon sources. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the cephalothin degradation reaction demonstrated the progressive disappearance of hydrolysis products. However, the products of benzylpenicillin degradation could not be utilized by Y. enterocolitica. PMID- 3488494 TI - Bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 3488493 TI - Interleukin 1--a possible mediator of neural fibrosis in leprosy. AB - Neural fibrosis in leprosy, the disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae, is closely related to the cell-mediated immune response to this microorganism. The fibrosis appears to be due to soluble mediators released by the immune effector cells. Interleukin 1, a macrophage product that stimulates fibroblast migration, proliferation and synthetic activity, possesses the requisite properties to qualify for such a mediator. PMID- 3488495 TI - The management of acutely bleeding varices by injection sclerotherapy. AB - Acutely bleeding varices present a therapeutic dilemma because of the limited efficacy and high complication rates of conventional treatments. Over a period of 26 months, 56 episodes of acutely bleeding varices were treated with injection sclerotherapy as the initial management. Immediate control of haemorrhage was achieved in 91% of patients and control of bleeding during the hospital admission in 84%. Balloon tamponade and surgery were reserved for those patients in whom bleeding was not controlled by sclerotherapy; in 66% of patients the bleeding was controlled by sclerotherapy alone. Of the 56 episodes, 75% survived their admission to hospital. Acute injection sclerotherapy is as least as effective as conventional therapies in the control of bleeding with a low incidence of complications. The technique can be used in all patients irrespective of the severity of their liver disease and, when bleeding is controlled, allows the physician the choice of all the available prophylactic therapies. PMID- 3488497 TI - [Assessment of cellular immunity in a suckling infant after splenectomy and autologous transplantation of splenic tissue]. PMID- 3488496 TI - Cone beam collimation for single photon emission computed tomography: analysis, simulation, and image reconstruction using filtered backprojection. AB - This paper presents an analysis of two cone beam configurations (having focal lengths of 40 and 60 cm) for the acquisition of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) projection data. A three-dimensional filtered backprojection algorithm is used to reconstruct SPECT images of cone beam projection data obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. The mathematical analysis resulted in on axis point source sensitivities (calculated for a distance of 15 cm from the collimator surface) for cone beam configurations that were 1.4-3 times the sensitivities of parallel-hole and fan beam geometries having similar geometric resolutions. Cone beam collimation offers the potential for improved sensitivity for SPECT devices using large-field-of-view scintillation cameras. PMID- 3488498 TI - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices in childhood]. PMID- 3488501 TI - Prevalence of extracranial atherosclerotic lesions in coronary patients candidates to bypass grafting. PMID- 3488500 TI - Tomographic assessment of regional brain perfusion in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 3488499 TI - Characterization of human c-fes/fps reveals a new transcription unit (fur) in the immediately upstream region of the proto-oncogene. AB - Comparison of nucleotide sequence data of the 5' region of a fes/fps viral oncogene with those of the v-fes/fps homologous regions of man and cat revealed the position of the 3' portion of an as yet unidentified c-fes/fps exon. Comparative Southern blot and heteroduplex analysis of human and feline DNA immediately upstream of the v-fes/fps homologous regions showed extensive but discontinuous homology over a 9 kbp DNA stretch, which we have designated as fur. Northern blot analysis of mRNA from KG-1 myeloid cells with fes/fps- or fur specific probes revealed a 3.0 kb fes/fps and a 4.5 kb fur transcript. Analysis of a number of tissues of an adult Wistar Lewis rat for the presence of fur transcripts revealed its differential expression pattern. An 0.95 kbp fes/fps related and a 2.2 kbp fur-related cDNA recombinant clone were isolated from an oligo(dT)-primed KG-1 cDNA library. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the fes/fps cDNA and its human genomic counterpart indicated that the cDNA contained genetic sequences that were identical to and colinear with exon 15-19 and, furthermore, that the poly(A) addition signal near the 3' end of exon 19 was functional. Similar analysis of the 2.2 kbp fur cDNA indicated that the poly(A) addition signal of the fur transcript was in close proximity of the newly discovered fes/fps exon. The region in between contained a CATT sequence but no 'TATA' box. The fur transcript was characterized by a long noncoding region at its 3' end. PMID- 3488502 TI - Clonal T-cell populations in lymphomatoid papulosis. Evidence of a lymphoproliferative origin for a clinically benign disease. AB - Lymphomatoid papulosis is a chronic, clinically benign skin disorder that, when examined histologically, is seen to include numerous large, atypical lymphoid cells that display antigenic markers of T lymphocytes. To investigate the disparity between the clinical behavior of this disease and its malignant histologic appearance, we analyzed the DNA from skin lesions of six patients for rearrangements of beta and gamma T-cell receptor genes. Lesions from five of these patients showed between one and three clonal rearrangements for at least one T-cell receptor gene. Three separate biopsy specimens from a single patient showed different patterns of rearrangements for the beta gene in each specimen. Our results indicate that lymphomatoid papulosis is a clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative process that may possibly be multiclonal in origin. We conclude that this disease has both biologic and histologic features consistent with a malignant T-cell neoplasm despite its indolent course. PMID- 3488503 TI - Response to oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine against Hemophilus influenzae b in two patients with IgG2 deficiency unresponsive to capsular polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 3488504 TI - Clonality and lymphoproliferative lesions. PMID- 3488505 TI - Detection of residual acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in cultures of bone marrow obtained during remission. AB - We used a semisolid culture assay to quantitate leukemia cells in the bone marrow of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In bone marrow cultures from 40 patients with newly diagnosed disease, the colonies that developed in vitro consisted of lymphoblasts with the same surface markers and abnormal karyotype as the original diagnostic marrow specimens. We also studied marrow cultures from 13 patients in chemotherapy-induced remission; 6 of these, including 1 obtained from a patient during successful engraftment after marrow transplantation, also yielded lymphoblast colonies in culture, with the same immunologic phenotype or abnormal karyotype as the original leukemic marrow. Four of these patients, including the one who underwent marrow transplantation, relapsed within 2 to 30 months of the abnormal cultures; the other two are still in remission, one of them 30 months after diagnosis. Bone marrow cultures from eight normal controls and from the other seven patients in remission did not yield lymphoblast colonies; all seven of the latter are still in remission. This assay appears to allow detection of small numbers of residual leukemic cells. We conclude that the technique will be valuable in monitoring the efficacy of chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as in evaluating the quality of purged marrow for autologous marrow transplantation. PMID- 3488506 TI - Expression of the gene defect in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 3488508 TI - Preferential expression of a defined T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in hapten specific cytotoxic T-cell clones. AB - A multitude of different antigens can be recognized by T cells through specific receptors. Both the alpha- and beta-chains of the T-cell receptor contribute to the antigen recognition portion. The repertoire of beta-chain variable region (V beta) gene segments is limited to some 20 elements which seem to be used randomly in different T cells. Diversity at the beta-chain level can be created in several ways: a multiplicity of germline gene segments; combinatorial diversity by rearranging different V, diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) region elements; junctional diversity by joining gene segments at different sites; N region diversity, that is, insertion of random nucleotides at junctional sites; and somatic mutation. However, the major sources and the extent of diversity of the T-cell receptor are unclear. To address this issue, 42 H-2Kb-restricted, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) clones from C57BL/6 mice were characterized with respect to expression of different beta-chain gene segments in messenger RNA using specific oligonucleotide probes. We report here that nearly half of the Tc clones use identical elements for productive beta chain gene rearrangement. Thus, there is a restriction in the use of beta-chain gene segments in this panel of Tc clones which favours a particular V beta--D beta--J beta--C beta combination with a defined D beta element. PMID- 3488507 TI - Sign language aphasia during left-hemisphere Amytal injection. AB - Although it has been established that the left cerebral hemisphere subserves spoken language, the nature of brain organization for sign language remains relatively unexplored. The issue is especially important because sign language displays the complex linguistic structure of spoken languages, but conveys it through manipulation of visuo-spatial relations, thereby exhibiting properties for which the hemispheres of hearing individuals show opposing specializations. We had the unique opportunity to study a hearing signer proficient in American sign language (ASL), during the left intracarotid injection of a barbiturate (the Wada test), and before and after a right temporal lobectomy. The subject was a strong right-hander. Neuropsychological and anatomical asymmetries suggested left cerebral dominance for auditory-based language. Emission tomography revealed lateralized activity of left Broca's and Wernicke's regions for spoken language. The Wada test, during which all left language areas were rendered inoperative, caused a marked aphasia in both English and ASL. After partial ablation of the right temporal lobe, the abilities to sign and understand signing were unchanged. These data add further support to the notion that anatomical structures of the left cerebral hemisphere subserve language in a visuo-spatial as well as an auditory mode. PMID- 3488511 TI - [Has hla-B27 typing any significance for the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis?]. PMID- 3488509 TI - Alternative splicing of murine T-cell receptor beta-chain transcripts. AB - Variable processing of heteronuclear RNA into multiple, defined species of messenger RNA is a well-established phenomenon in a number of systems, including myelin basic protein, calcitonin, troponin T4 and immunoglobulins. Within a single B cell, immunoglobulin heavy-chain peptides often exist as two related but distinct species, a membrane-bound form and a secreted form, both of which originate from the same germline constant(C)-region gene via alternative RNA processing pathways. Furthermore, at certain stages of B-cell development, a single variable(V)-region element can be concurrently expressed in immunoglobulins of both the IgM and IgD isotypes, presumably resulting from the alternative splicing of one variable-region exon to different constant-region genes. We report here the existence of an alternative RNA splicing pathway available to murine T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain transcripts. Sequence analysis of beta-chain complementary DNA clones reveals a C beta 1 species containing a 72-base pair (bp) insertion between the joining (J beta) and C beta elements. This sequence is inserted via an alternative splicing pathway available to C beta 1 transcripts. The optional exon is located between the J beta 1 cluster and the first exon of C beta 1. Interestingly, this element can be spliced to C beta 2 in the New Zealand White mouse, in which the C beta 1 gene is deleted. Use of the alternative splicing pathway varies between 1% and 18% of total C beta clones, depending on the source of isolation. PMID- 3488510 TI - [Prevention of recurrent hemorrhages from esophageal varices using a portocaval shunt]. PMID- 3488512 TI - [Changes in the locomotor activity of muscles of the forelimb of the guinea pig during translation of the animal with respect to the longitudinal axis]. AB - Changes in spontaneous locomotor activity of forelimb muscles evoked by adequate stimulation of vestibular system were investigated in decerebrated guinea pigs. Extensor activity in stance phase increased and flexor activity in swing phase decreased during a tilt ipsilateral to the prepared limb, opposite changes were observed during the contralateral tilt. The alternation pattern of antagonist muscle activity was not changed. Revealed changes in the locomotor activity were more pronounced during cyclic shifts than during fixed tilts. PMID- 3488513 TI - Different in vitro generation of C3d by cuprammonium and polycarbonate capillary hemodialyzers. AB - Cellulosic membranes have been shown to activate C3 via the alternative pathway. Generation of the stable product C3d was compared in polycarbonate (PC) and cuprammonium (CU) hollow-fiber minidialyzers with identical geometry, using an in vitro recirculation system with platelet-poor plasma (recirculation rate 20 ml/min; 1,600 fibers; 0.115 m2; 40 ml system priming volume; recirculation time 120 min). After extensive washing, residual protein was removed by reverse transmembrane pressure (1.5 bar) from the air-filled dialysate compartment. Such protein fraction, functionally defined as 'secondary membrane', was similar in quantity for PC and CU fibers. Plasma proteins were present in the membrane without selective adsorption (flat-bed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rocket immunoelectrophoresis using monospecific antibodies). C3d, measured by immunoelectrophoresis, increased with time in the fluid phase compartment of both dialysers, but C3d generation was consistently and significantly (p less than 0.05) less in PC than in CU dialysers. The observation documents an activation of C3 with PC, in contrast to previous reports of no activation. However, C3 activation with PC was less intense than with CU. PMID- 3488514 TI - Differential effects of dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and antagonists on velocity of movement, rearing and grooming in the mouse. Implications for the roles of D1 and D2 receptors. AB - A system combining visual recording of rearing and grooming, with automatic measurement of slow and fast components of locomotion, was examined for its suitability as a means of studying the effects on behaviour of conventional and novel dopaminergic drugs in the mouse. Amphetamine (0.1-10 mg/kg) selectively stimulated fast movements and affected rearing bimodally. Apomorphine (0.01-5 mg/kg) influenced locomotion polyphasically, depressing fast movements and enhancing slow ones, and producing parallel changes in rearing. Both drugs reduced grooming monotonically. A dose of apomorphine (25 micrograms/kg) which is considered to act presynaptically produced haloperidol-resistant sedation, while a larger dose (0.5 mg/kg; with postsynaptic actions) evoked head-down sniffing and ponderous walking that were partially prevented by pretreatment with 0.05 mg/kg haloperidol (D2 blocker), but not 0.01 mg/kg SCH 23390 (D1 blocker). The behavioural effects of haloperidol (0.2-0.4 mg/kg) and SCH 23390 (0.05 mg/kg) were indistinguishable; both drugs caused sedation and inhibited all forms of motor activity. Small doses of SCH 23390 (2-10 micrograms/kg) and large doses of the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (3-10 mg/kg) evoked excessive grooming. The drug SKF 38393 (1-30 mg/kg) had no other effects on motor behaviour, whereas the whole spectrum of pre- and postsynaptic motor responses produced by apomorphine could be duplicated with the D2 agonist RU 24213 (0.05-15 mg/kg). The differential sensitivity of fast and slow components of locomotion to treatment with drug suggests these are qualitatively distinct responses. The results implicate D2 receptors in the mechanisms of locomotion and rearing, and D1 receptors in the expression of grooming. PMID- 3488515 TI - Ascorbic acid reduces the dopamine depletion induced by methamphetamine and the 1 methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion. AB - The neurotoxic actions of methamphetamine and the 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) have been ascribed, at least in part, to the generation of free radicals. This hypothesis was evaluated by attempting to reduce the toxic actions of these compounds by pretreatment with an antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The intrastriatal administration of methamphetamine caused a 37% depletion of dopamine. Treatment with 100 or 1000 mg/kg of ascorbic acid significantly reduced the methamphetamine-induced dopamine depletion (by 21 and 27%, respectively). The intrastriatal administration of MPP+ caused an 88% depletion of dopamine. Treatment with 100 or 1000 mg/kg of ascorbic acid significantly reduced the MPP+ induced dopamine depletion (by 22 and 45%, respectively). Thus, free radicals may mediate the toxic actions of these compounds. PMID- 3488517 TI - Childhood cerebellopontine angle teratoma associated with congenital hydrocephalus. AB - A case of childhood teratoma in the cerebellopontine angle associated with shunted congenital hydrocephalus is presented. The need for detailed computed axial scanning with and without contrast in congenital hydrocephalus not associated with intraventricular hemorrhage or myelodysplasia is emphasized. PMID- 3488518 TI - PET before and after surgery for tumor-induced parkinsonism. AB - We studied a patient with left frontal meningioma and right-sided parkinsonism that resolved completely after operation. PET scans were performed before and after operation to measure regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction ratio, oxygen utilization, and blood volume. A specific pattern of severe functional changes returned to normal postoperatively. The data suggest increased local tissue pressure due to edema, causing a functional disorder in the left basal ganglia that gave rise to reversible contralateral parkinsonism. PMID- 3488516 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of infiltrating lymphocytes in central nervous system tumors. AB - To investigate cell-mediated immune responses to central nervous system tumors, we immunohistochemically analyzed 32 operative specimens, including 19 primary tumors, 5 recurrent tumors, and 8 metastases, for the presence of infiltrating T lymphocytes. In 1 patient, an additional sample of normal brain was studied. Using monoclonal antibodies against T lymphocyte surface markers with a peroxidase technique on frozen sections, we determined that a mild lymphocytic response was present in 3 of 7 primary glial tumors, 1 of 4 recurrent glial tumors, and in 3 of 9 primary meningiomas. The predominant subset was Leu 2, or suppressor/cytotoxic. In contrast, 5 of 7 intracranial metastatic tumors and 1 extracranial metastasis showed marked infiltration with an overall Leu 3, or helper/inducer, predominance. The remainder of the specimens, including 1 recurrent meningioma, 3 neurinomas, and the normal brain sample, were free of infiltrates. Permanent sections revealed an overall pattern of lymphocytic infiltration similar to that of frozen sections. Although additional studies such as electron microscopy are required to establish definitively the lymphocytic nature of the infiltrates, these results support the concept of the ability of the body to mount a cell-mediated response against central nervous system tumors and imply a differential response to primary and secondary tumors. PMID- 3488520 TI - [Transcutaneous electric stimulation and sublingual buprenorphine. Comparative study]. PMID- 3488519 TI - The future role of neurosurgery in the case of vascular diseases of the central nervous system. AB - On the basis of 2542 cerebro-spinal vascular diseases (933 aneurysms, 689 cerebro spinal angiomas, 410 spontaneous intracerebral hematomas, 361 vascular bypass operations and 149 endarterectomies of neck vessels) the present situation and problems, as well as the future prospects of cerebral vascular neurosurgery are reviewed. It is expected that the main development will take place in the field of pathophysiology and pathochemistry of vascular diseases through the acquisition of data obtained not in experimental studies but in patients. This will refine the diagnosis and indications. It is not expected that the operative technique will undergo very substantial change. New methods in the application of laser and photosensitization techniques will be probably included in the technical armamentarium. Endovascular methods of treatment will be further developed and will lead to the limitation of the indications for direct operation. It is assumed that mortality and morbidity can be further reduced by improving the diagnosis and establishing the optimal lines of therapy. PMID- 3488521 TI - [Tissucol in plastic surgery: main clinical applications]. PMID- 3488522 TI - [Aneurysms of the pancreatico-duodenal artery. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3488525 TI - [Rehabilitative approach in osteoarticular pathology in the elderly]. AB - Acute and chronic osteoarticular pathology is quickly reviewed. After a review of the most important orthopaedic operations, the most significant types of physical therapy that are most suitable for individual cases are described in detail. Finally it is pointed out that physical exercise is the most natural way to stimulated new bone growth and that medical gymnastics is important for the elderly and using menopause. PMID- 3488523 TI - [Endoscopic sclerosis in gastrointestinal angiodysplasia]. PMID- 3488524 TI - [Systemic and nonsystemic causes of pathological mandibular fractures]. AB - The problem of pathological fractures of the lower jaw with particular reference to their aetiology is examined in the light of personal experience. Odontogenic and hematogenic osteomyelitis, primary and metastatic tumours, degenerative lesions, traumas, inclusions of the teeth and the whole apparatus are discussed individually. PMID- 3488526 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Auckland in 1985. AB - We reviewed the notes of the first 11 patients with AIDS managed by the infectious disease unit, Auckland Hospital, who all presented during 1985. All were homosexual males: none had other recognised risk factors: ten had travelled beyond New Zealand. Five were diagnosed at Auckland Hospital, six overseas. Median age was 31 (range 28-43) years. Five had Kaposi's sarcoma and three Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Five are alive. They have spent a median 13 (range 0-41) days in Auckland Hospital. Treatment options for the more common problems are discussed. We have tended towards conservative treatment of tumour but more aggressive treatment of opportunistic infection. Medical, nursing and ancillary hospital staff and lay people involved have rapidly adapted to caring for these patients without excessive anxiety. PMID- 3488527 TI - Quantitative SPECT imaging: influence of object size. AB - In positron emission tomography (PET) the measured radionuclide concentration or recovery coefficient (RC) in the transverse plane has been shown to be dependent on source size. The RC dependence on object size was therefore experimentally measured for gamma camera SPECT system to determine the influence of additional factors such as: (a) geometrical spatial resolution of each collimator type, (b) scattering effects at each photon energy due to surrounding background, (c) influence of choice of reconstruction filter and (d) photon penetration through the collimator septa. Data were acquired for different collimator types using 99Tcm (140 keV) and 131I (364 keV) to partly differentiate between photon scattering and collimator penetration effects. Results obtained demonstrated that thick septa collimators with low penetration fraction (theoretical leakage less than 3%) are required to minimize the measured response dependence on source size and to obtain a relatively unique relationship independent of photon energy and background activity. Measurements of this type are important for quantitative SPECT imaging in radioimmunoimaging or radioimmunotherapy. PMID- 3488528 TI - Effects of centre-of-rotation shift on contrast and spatial resolution of the SPECT system. AB - The effects of centre-of-rotation (COR) shift of the rotating camera-based single photon emission commuted tomography (SPECT) system on tomographic images were investigated quantitatively. Contrast and spatial resolution variations as a function of COR shift were measured for all shifts less than 1 pixel, in steps of 0.1 pixels. This region encompasses the typical COR variations. The behaviour of these indices was analysed. In addition, the validity of the limit imposed on the allowable COR shift, as utilized in the current SPECT quality control protocols, was examined. The value of either +/- 0.5 or +/- 0.25 pixels is presently in use as the limit. From this study, both limits result in the loss of resolution. The resolution loss will increase the uncertainties of volume and concentration measurements. For a COR shift of 0.25 pixels, the spatial resolution loss is approximately 5%. This small spatial resolution loss may not affect the qualitative evaluation of tomographic images. However, any loss of resolution should be avoided. For a COR shift of 0.1 pixels, there is no observed loss of resolution. This value should be a desirable choice as the maximum allowable COR shift since it ensures the optimum performance of the SPECT system. PMID- 3488530 TI - Chronic Ureaplasma urealyticum amnionitis associated with abruptio placentae. AB - Ureaplasma urealyticum is a common inhabitant of the lower genital tract of women. It is unclear whether or not the microorganism plays a role in provoking spontaneous abortion. Reported is a U urealyticum infection of placenta and amniotic fluid in an immunologically competent host resulting in abruptio placentae and spontaneous abortion during the second trimester of pregnancy. U urealyticum was isolated from peripheral maternal blood twice. Immunologic alterations, namely a transiently reversed OKT4/OKT8 rate and a decrease in immunoglobulin G levels, were detected in the patient. U urealyticum must be considered as a pathogen able to interfere with normal fetal development. PMID- 3488529 TI - Peritoneal fluid volume, estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandin, and epidermal growth factor concentrations in patients with and without endometriosis. AB - Elevated prostaglandin (PG) levels in peritoneal fluid have been implicated as playing a role in infertility associated with endometriosis. This study was designed to measure peritoneal fluid levels of PG and other hormones that may influence PG release. Specific hormones measured included PGF2 alpha, PGE2, TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor. Peritoneal fluid volume and levels of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor were significantly (P less than .05) increased during the secretory, as opposed to the proliferative, phase in both groups of patients, but no significant differences in these parameters were found between patients with and without endometriosis during either the proliferative or secretory phases. Although PG levels did not vary during the menstrual cycle in either group of patients, all four prostanoids were present in significantly (P less than .05) higher concentrations in patients with endometriosis as compared with patients without endometriosis. Furthermore, increased PG levels in patients with endometriosis appear to be due primarily to an increase in PG levels during the secretory phase of the cycle. PMID- 3488531 TI - DeQuervain tenosynovitis in pregnant and postpartum women. AB - DeQuervain tenosynovitis, which involves the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons, is much more common in women than men and is due to repetitive movements of the hand such as grasping and twisting. Housewives and persons involved in manual occupations using the hands and wrists account for most cases in previous series. In this series, six of 24 female patients (25%) were pregnant or postpartum at the time of onset. In five of the six, activities of infant care aggravated symptoms. Both pregnancy, per se, and mechanical factors appear to play a role in causing this condition. PMID- 3488532 TI - Oral acyclovir in the treatment of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus. AB - Seventy-one nonimmunocompromised patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus, presenting within seven days of onset of characteristic skin eruption, were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, randomized, double-masked, placebo controlled trial with oral acyclovir. In a previous interim report we noted more prompt resolution of dermatomal signs and symptoms with acyclovir treatment. There was also a reduction of viral shedding in acyclovir-treated patients coupled with a trend to greater rate of microdissemination of the virus in placebo-treated patients (Cobo LM, et al. Ophthalmology 1985; 92:1574-83). While further substantiating these findings, we report that a ten-day course of treatment with oral acyclovir (600 mg, five times a day) is well-tolerated and significantly reduces the incidence and severity of the most common complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, and uveitis. While this acyclovir treatment regimen reduces the zoster-related pain during the acute phase of the disease, especially in patients treated within 72 hours of onset of skin lesions, it has no evident effect on either incidence, severity, or duration of post-herpetic neuralgia in the patients studied. PMID- 3488534 TI - [Severe congenital immune deficiency with primary defect of the cell-mediated immune response]. PMID- 3488533 TI - [Retrospective analysis of results of stress-perfusion scintigrams of the myocardium (201-Tl)in cases controlled by coronarography]. PMID- 3488535 TI - Role of vitamin K prophylaxis in newborn. AB - The role of Vit. K prophylaxis in preventing haemorrhagic disease of newborn has been well established for many years. Although the opinions differ on a general prophylaxis and selective prophylaxis i.e. prophylaxis only for newborn at risk. In our hospital only the selective Vit. K prophylaxis was administered to newborns during the last 20 years. We observed a marked reduction in the incidence of haemorrhagic disease of newborn, particularly after the availability of neonatal intensive care unit. This could be attributed to the effectiveness of Vit. K prophylaxis and better neonatal care and observation. Hence, the present study, reinforced by the experience of the past emphasise the efficacy and safety of Vit. K prophylaxis in the prevention of haemorrhagic disease of newborn. PMID- 3488536 TI - Blood lead levels and dietary calcium intake in 1- to 11-year-old children: the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 to 1980. AB - Whether, and to what degree, dietary calcium is inversely associated with blood lead levels was examined in 2,926 black and white children, 1 to 11 years of age, from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Blood lead levels were significantly higher in black than in white children, whereas white children had significantly higher dietary calcium intake (P less than .0001). Using covariance analysis and multiple regression analysis, determinants of blood lead levels were assessed as follows. The dependent variable was log10 lead, with independent variables age, sex, race, height, Quetelet index, dietary intake of calcium, phosphorous, fat, carbohydrate, and calories, community size index, poverty index ratio, geographic region, urbanization index, and all two-way interactions of the preceding. In the multiple regression analysis, the following independent variables were significant, P less than .05. Race (black) and sex (male) were positively associated with blood lead level (P less than .0001 for both). The lower the family income and the more urban the family residence, the higher were the blood lead levels (P less than .0001, less than .008, respectively). A significant independent inverse association of blood lead levels with year of examination was noted, reflecting a downward secular trend in blood lead levels. Height was inversely associated with blood lead level (P less than .0001). Dietary calcium intake was also inversely associated with blood lead level (P = .028). Dietary intake of phosphorous, fat, carbohydrate, and total calories were not significantly associated with blood lead levels. The most direct strategy for prevention of childhood lead poisoning involves primary prevention to reduce exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488537 TI - Hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, and growth retardation in children with diabetes mellitus. AB - The role of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia in the growth retardation of children with diabetes mellitus was investigated in 157 children with diabetes whose mean height was less than that of 37 nondiabetic siblings of similar age (P less than .025). Hyperglycemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphaturia were assessed coincident with the height measurement of each child in a cross sectional survey. The distribution of height percentiles of the children with diabetes was skewed to the left with 61% at or below the 50th percentile. Eleven percent of the insulin-dependent children with diabetes mellitus were shorter than would be anticipated by a normal distribution of the 157 children. The duration of diabetes (hyperglycemia) had the greatest influence upon the children's height. Children with diabetes were shorter than the nondiabetic subjects by the fourth year of hyperglycemia, and this difference in height became statistically significant after 7 years or more of diabetes. The degree of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia was more closely associated with reduced height in children with diabetes than was the degree of hyperglycemia, although the renal wastage of calcium and phosphorus seemed to be the result of glucosuria. Because hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia impair growth in nondiabetic children, they may also play an important role in the poor growth of children with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3488538 TI - Kinetics of sodium current and gating current in the frog node of Ranvier. AB - The experiments were done on voltage-clamped nodes of Ranvier of the frog. The aim was to study the kinetics of sodium current INa and gating current Igat over a large potential range (-92 to -12 mV) and to compare the time constants for the turning-on of INa or Igat with those for the turning-off measured at the same potential. Sodium tail currents were recorded at different postpulse potentials. Inactivation was inhibited by a few min treatment with 0.5 mM chloramine-T (Wang 1984). The sodium permeability was activated by a 0.4 ms pulse from holding potential (-92 mV) to about 0 mV. At the peak of INa the membrane was repolarized to postpulse potentials between -92 and -12 mV. At E greater than -60 mV the tail currents decayed with two time constants, tau 1 and tau 2, reflecting presumably the turning-off and the inactivation of the sodium permeability. The relation between tau 1 and postpulse potential was bellshaped with a maximum at -32 mV. The tail currents could also be fitted by the Hodgkin-Huxley equation with the sodium activation variable m raised to the second or third power. At E less than 50 mV tau m off was equal to 2 tau 1 or 3 tau 1, respectively, whereas at E greater than -25 mV tau m off was equal to tau 1. In addition, the time constant of the turning-on of sodium activation m (tau m on) was determined, assuming INa approximately m2 (with a small initial delay) or INa approximately m3 (without an initial delay). At -22 mV and -12 mV the ratio tau m off/tau m on was close to 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488540 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus PC1 beta-lactamase gene. PMID- 3488542 TI - The effect of cimetidine on serum concentrations of piroxicam. AB - To evaluate the effect of cimetidine on serum concentrations of piroxicam, we administered a single 20-mg oral dose of piroxicam to 10 healthy male volunteers on 2 occasions. The first was given on day 1 of the study and the second on day 15, 7 days after starting cimetidine 300 mg orally 4 times a day. Nineteen blood samples were drawn for 7 days after each piroxicam dose to characterize its pharmacokinetics. Piroxicam was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean piroxicam elimination rate constants (Kel), elimination half-lives, and area under the serum concentration-time curves (AUC) were as follows (mean +/- standard deviation): (formula; see text) Data were analyzed with a Wilcoxon matched-pairs, signed-ranks, two-tailed statistical test. Although the increase in AUC was statistically significant, it was of low amplitude (mean 15%) and is probably not clinically significant. The results of this study suggest that cimetidine does not significantly alter the elimination kinetics of a single dose of piroxicam in young healthy males. Additional investigation is needed to confirm these findings in other patient populations. PMID- 3488541 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome without bronchiectasis?]. PMID- 3488539 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the nonstructural protein genes of Semliki Forest virus. AB - The nucleotide sequence coding for the nonstructural proteins of Semliki Forest virus has been determined from cDNA clones. The total length of this region is 7381 nucleotides, it contains an open reading frame starting at position 86 and ending at an UAA stop codon at position 7379-7381. This open reading frame codes for a 2431 amino acids long polyprotein, from which the individual nonstructural proteins are formed by proteolytic processing steps, so that nsPl is 537, nsP2 798, nsP3 482 and nsP4 614 amino acids. In the closely related Sindbis and Middelburg viruses there is an opal stop codon (UGA) between the genes for nsP3 and nsP4. Interestingly, no stop codon is found in frame in this region of the Semliki Forest virus 42S RNA. In other aspects the amino acid sequence homology between Sindbis, Middelburg and Semliki Forest virus nonstructural proteins is highly significant. PMID- 3488543 TI - Human alpha- and beta-CGRP and rat alpha-CGRP are coronary vasodilators in the rat. AB - The effects of the recently described human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), human beta-CGRP and rat alpha-CGRP have been compared with those of the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside, on the rat and rabbit isolated heart. Hearts were perfused at constant flow and [Arg8]-vasopressin was used to increase coronary perfusion pressure. In the rat heart, the order of potency for evoking cumulative dose-dependent falls in perfusion pressure was human beta-CGRP greater than rat alpha-CGRP greater than human alpha-CGRP greater than sodium nitroprusside. In the same preparations the three CGRPs (but not sodium nitroprusside) elicited cumulative dose-related increases in heart rate. In the rabbit heart the order of potency for vasodilatation was rat alpha-CGRP greater than human alpha-CGRP greater than sodium nitroprusside. In marked contrast to results from the rat, neither rat alpha-CGRP nor human alpha-CGRP altered heart rate in the rabbit isolated heart. These results show that human alpha- and beta CGRP and rat alpha-CGRP are vasodilators in the coronary vasculature, but that there is species variation as CGRP had a positive chronotropic effect in the rat heart but not in the rabbit heart. PMID- 3488544 TI - Cardiovascular effects produced by microinjection of calcitonin gene-related peptide into the rat central amygdaloid nucleus. AB - Recent studies have provided evidence for a dense localization of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and its receptors within the central amygdaloid nucleus (Ce) in rat brain. Since this nucleus has been thought to play a role in central cardiovascular regulation, the present study examined the cardiovascular effects subsequent to the microinjection of CGRP into the Ce. Doses of 50-500 pmol of CGRP produced a significant elevation of 11-15% in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures. Heart rate was significantly elevated by 16-18% by these doses of CGRP. The time course of the effects of CGRP revealed that onset of action occurred after 15-20 min, peak effects were seen at approximately 30-40 min after onset and the effects of the peptide usually lasted for at least 2 hr, after which time BP and HR values returned to baseline. The present study demonstrates that CGRP produces significant increases in both BP and HR when pmol doses of the peptide are injected into the Ce. It is suggested that in the Ce, CGRP plays a neuromodulatory role in cardiovascular function. PMID- 3488545 TI - [Selected parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3488546 TI - The effect of Bacillus natto on the T and B lymphocytes from spleens of feeding chickens. AB - The effect of Bacillus natto on T and B lymphocytes in the chicken spleen was investigated. Bacillus natto is isolated from fermented food and is used in Japan in a preparation that enhances growth of farm animals. When chickens were fed 10(7) colony-forming units of B. natto (in spores) per gram of feed from hatching to 27 days of age there was an increase in the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in the spleens compared with non-B. natto-fed controls. The findings suggested that dietary Bacillus natto had an effect on cellular immune responses. PMID- 3488547 TI - Rheumatology and the general practitioner. PMID- 3488548 TI - [T-activin in the complex treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3488549 TI - BSC-1 growth inhibitor/type beta transforming growth factor is a strong inhibitor of thymocyte proliferation. AB - Growth inhibitor/type beta transforming growth factor purified from BSC-1 cells and human platelets is shown to strongly inhibit the proliferation of Con A stimulated mouse thymocytes. The inhibition can be achieved with growth inhibitor/type beta transforming growth factor concentrations approximately equal to 1/10th those necessary to inhibit keratinocyte cultures. The inhibitory effect in thymocyte cultures can be reversed by the addition of interleukin 2. These findings suggest that growth inhibitor/type beta transforming growth factor is a naturally occurring immunoregulator. PMID- 3488550 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide: functional role in cerebrovascular regulation. AB - Distribution studies disclosed that all major cerebral arteries and cortical arterioles of the cat were invested with fine varicose nerve fibers that contained calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity; the trigeminal ganglia likewise contained CGRP immunoreactivity. Sequential immunostaining with antibodies to CGRP and to substance P (SP) revealed identical distributions of these two peptides in trigeminal ganglia and cerebrovascular nerve fibers, suggesting that CGRP and SP are colocalized in these nerves. CGRP completely disappeared from ipsilateral blood vessels after unilateral section of the trigeminal nerve. Exogenous CGRP was a potent relaxant of feline middle cerebral arteries in vitro (maximum relaxation, 10.5 +/- 1.5 mN; concentration eliciting half-maximal response, 9.6 +/- 1.3 nM). Perivascular microapplication of CGRP to individual cortical arterioles of chloralose-anesthetized cats provoked dose-dependent dilatations (maximum increase in diameter, 38 +/- 5%; concentration eliciting half-maximal response, approximately equal to 3 nM). CGRP was significantly more potent than SP as a cerebrovascular dilator, both in vitro and in situ. Chronic division of the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve in cats did not modify the magnitude of arteriolar responses to perivascular microapplication of either vasoconstrictor or vasodilator agents, but the duration of vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine (0.1 mM) or alkaline solutions (pH 7.6) was significantly increased. The cerebrovascular trigeminal neuronal system, in which CGRP is the most potent vasoactive constituent, may participate in a reflex or local response to excessive cerebral vasoconstriction that restores normal vascular diameter. PMID- 3488552 TI - Diphenylhydantoin inhibits cortisol-induced lysis of thymocytes. AB - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) shares two features with cortisol: immunosuppression and cleft palate formation. We tested the hypothesis that DPH would have effects on lymphocytes in vitro similar to those induced by cortisol, and the corollary that DPH would inhibit those cortisol effects. We found that DPH lysed rat thymocytes, although at higher concentrations than cortisol. When combined, DPH inhibited cortisol lysis of thymocytes. Neither drug lysed human phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated cells, but both drugs depressed DNA and RNA syntheses in PHA cells. DPH augmented cortisol inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses in PHA cells and DNA synthesis in rat thymocytes. It had no effect on cortisol inhibition of RNA synthesis in rat thymocytes. It appears that DPH has a cortisol-like action (lysis of rat thymocytes). The actions of this drug enable us to show that cortisol lysis and the inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis can be associated. These phenomena may explain some immunosuppressive effects of DPH in the human. PMID- 3488551 TI - Perturbation of the human T-cell antigen receptor-T3 complex leads to the production of inositol tetrakisphosphate: evidence for conversion from inositol trisphosphate. AB - Antibodies directed against the T-cell antigen receptor-T3 complex mimic antigen and lead to cellular changes consistent with activation. When cells of the human T-cell line Jurkat were stimulated with a monoclonal antibody directed against T3, inositol phosphates were produced. In addition to inositol trisphosphate, which is the product of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate cleavage, a second inositol polyphosphate was formed. This compound was more polar than inositol trisphosphate but less polar than inositol pentakisphosphate. It cochromatographed with inositol tetrakisphosphate from ostrich erythrocytes. In permeabilized Jurkat cells, this compound was shown to be formed from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, but only in the presence of ATP, and 32P was incorporated into it from [gamma-32P]ATP. There also was coincident formation of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. We conclude that the more polar compound is inositol tetrakisphosphate, which is formed by phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and may be the precursor of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. PMID- 3488554 TI - Motor habituation in the DHT model: bin analysis of daytime and nocturnal locomotor activity. AB - We evaluated the usefulness of locomotor bin analysis as a measure of motor habituation, and the effects on habituation of serotonergic manipulations. Spontaneous and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-evoked locomotor activity (LMA) was measured by photocells and computer-tabulated at 10 minute intervals (bins) during the day and at night in 150 adult rats treated intracisternally with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (DHT) or vehicle. Bins were analyzed by visual inspection, which differentiated decremental, incremental, continuous, and discontinuous patterns, and by calculating the ratio of the first to last bin of an hour. In controls, bin ratios were high due to rapid decline (decremental bin pattern) of daytime LMA. After DHT lesions, in contrast, ratios were low for one week. This was due to a failure of normal motor habituation, as reflected by an increase in continuous, discontinuous, and incremental bin patterns. 5-HTP evoked similar dose-related bin abnormalities in DHT-treated rats, after spontaneous patterns had returned to normal, and to a lesser extent in controls. However, no consistent drug or lesion effects on nocturnal LMA were seen. In comparison to daytime LMA, nocturnal LMA showed less habituation, and bin patterns were predominantly of the discontinuous type and more varied. These data suggest that bin analysis contributes useful information on motor habituation and drug and lesion effects and is easily incorporated into automated recording of LMA. PMID- 3488553 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricular vanadate administration on salt and water intake and excretion in the rat. AB - The effect of vanadate (VO-3), an "in vitro" inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase activity, on sodium and water intake and excretion of Na-depleted and water deprived rats, was investigated. Injection of sodium orthovanadate Na3V04, H20 14) 1 microliter, 1.0 mM solution, 51 ng/microliter free base vanadium (V) into the 3rd brain ventricle (3BV) inhibited by 34% the sodium intake induced by peritoneal dialysis (PD). Urinary water and sodium excretion increased and potassium excretion decreased. The same concentration of vanadate administered by continuous infusion into the 3BV (1 microliter/hr, 24 hr, 51 ng/microliter, 1.2 micrograms/24 hr) during 24 hours after PD, decreased sodium intake by 69%. The same rate of infusion through the jugular vein failed to inhibit sodium intake or to increase urinary water and sodium excretion. Injections into lateral hypothalamus were also ineffective. Vanadyl (VO+2), the reduced form of vanadate, did not affect sodium intake. Similar or larger doses of vanadate injected into the 3BV of water deprived rats, did not modify water intake significantly. The present results suggest that the Na-K, active transport system is involved in salt and water balance regulation at the central nervous system level. PMID- 3488555 TI - Effects of bepridil hydrochloride on calcium-induced responses in guinea pig Langendorff heart. AB - A spontaneously beating guinea pig Langendorff heart preparation was used to evaluate and compare the effects of bepridil hydrochloride (BP) and other Ca blockers. Cardiac contractile force was measured in isolated hearts perfused at constant pressure with nonrecirculating Krebs-Henseleit physiological salt solution (PSS). The calcium-induced inotropic response was assessed by measuring contractile force during stepwise increases in PSS Ca concentration. The results suggest that the effects of BP on cardiac muscle are different from those of the other Ca blockers tested and may involve multiple cellular mechanisms of action. PMID- 3488556 TI - Dependence of the coincidence aperture function of narrow BGO crystals on crystal shape and light encoding schemes. AB - Although the spatial resolution in positron emission tomography is improved by reducing the crystal width, the resolution becomes increasingly non-uniform towards the edges of the field of view. This is mainly due to penetration of the gamma rays through one or more crystals before detection and the inability of current systems to resolve the depth of interaction within the crystal. This paper compares crystals with straight and pointed tips with and without tungsten septa to determine the effects of pointed tips and septa on spatial resolution and efficiency. Monte Carlo calculations are compared with extensive experimental results obtained from 16 coincidence lines between two four-BGO crystal/dual PMT detector assemblies. The spectral efficiencies for the different combinations are compared. A modest improvement in signal-to-noise ratio at the maximum resolvable frequency is demonstrated when using tungsten septa and pointed crystals. The effects of the optical coding scheme used are discussed and it is shown that most coding schemes cause diminishment of spatial resolution even at the centre of the field of view, resulting from Compton scattering to adjacent crystals. PMID- 3488557 TI - Repair of cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts in ICR 2A frog cells. PMID- 3488558 TI - Preoptic and midbrain control of sexual motivation. AB - In a testing arena where a male rat can choose to spend time (and mate with) a sexually receptive female or choose a non-receptive female, a sexually motivated male will prefer the sexually receptive female and a decrease in preference for the receptive female can be said to reflect a decrease in sexual motivation. We have used a preference test to study the effects of castration and brain damage on sexual motivation. In neurologically intact males castration virtually eliminates copulation and decreases preference for a receptive female; copulation and preference are restored by replacement therapy with testosterone. Lesions of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and lesions of the dorsolateral tegmentum (DLT) of the midbrain abolish copulation and decrease preference for a sexually receptive female. In lesioned males preference declines even further as testing is extended over a span of several months and is not affected by either castration or replacement therapy with testosterone. It seems likely that, at least in part, castration and brain damage decrease mating by decreasing sexual motivation. The MPOA and DLT are connected by axons running through the medial forebrain bundle, and we speculate that sex hormones may work on cells in the MPOA to increase sexual motivation and behavior, perhaps by altering the activity of axons projecting to the DLT which are principally involved in the mediation of sexual reward or "pleasure". PMID- 3488559 TI - Radioprotective properties of detoxified lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595. AB - In the past, the toxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or its principal bioactive component, lipid A, has detracted from their potential use as radioprotectants. Recently, a relatively nontoxic monophosphoryl Lipid A (LAM) that retains many of the immunobiologic properties of LPS has been isolated from a polysaccharide deficient Re mutant strain of Salmonella minnesota (R595). The ability of the native endotoxic glycolipid (GL) from S. minnesota (R595) as well as diphosphoryl lipid A (LAD) and nontoxic monophosphoryl lipid A (LAM) derived from GL to protect LPS responsive (CD2F1 or C3H/HeN) and nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice from 60Co gamma irradiation has been studied. Administration of GL, LAD, or LAM to CD2F1 or C3H/HeN mice (400 micrograms/kg) 24 h prior to exposure provided significant radioprotection. No protection was afforded to C3H/HeJ mice. Experiments were also conducted to determine the relative abilities of GL, LAD, and LAM to stimulate hematopoiesis as reflected by the endogenous spleen colony (E-CFU) assay. Protection was not correlated with the ability of these substances to increase E-CFUs or to induce colony-stimulating activity (CSA). PMID- 3488560 TI - [Relation between interleukin-2 production and the time of irradiation and mitogenic lymphocyte activation]. AB - The effect of radiation on the production of interleukin 2 by activated lymphocytes was shown to be a function of time interval between irradiation and mitogen stimulation of cells. The most intensive production of interleukin 2 was noted in cells exposed 24 h following the effect of the mitogen. The enhancing effect of in vivo irradiation was less pronounced. PMID- 3488562 TI - Resolving duodenal-jejunal hematoma in abused children. AB - Acute intramural duodenal-jejunal hematoma is a classical finding in the battered child syndrome. The radiographic findings of a large obstructing intramural mass associated with the "coiled-spring" appearance generally raise the question of child abuse in any patient without appropriate accidental injury. In this study the radiologic features of resolving duodenal-jejunal hematoma are detailed in five abused children. The results show that the coiled-spring appearance is an acute phenomenon associated with a well-localized intramural hematoma. In the resolving phase, localized mural masses in the lateral aspect of the descending duodenum and fold thickening are indications of prior intramural hemorrhage. When these radiologic features are encountered in a child with nonspecific abdominal complaints, child abuse should be suspected. Furthermore, in patients with suspected occult trauma, resolution of abdominal symptoms should not deter the radiologist from performing an upper gastrointestinal tract series, which may provide evidence of child abuse. PMID- 3488561 TI - [Effect of homologous immunoglobulin with normal anti-tissue antibodies on the development of strontium-90-induced osteosarcomas in rats]. AB - In experiments on Wistar rats it was shown that homologous immunoglobulin (a single dose of 25 mg/kg), with normal antitissue antibodies, subcutaneously injected in the following manner: a single injection 90 days or 6 months, or double injection 3 and 6 months after intraperitoneal administration of strontium 90 (11.1 kBq/kg) reduces osteosarcoma occurrence and increases the average lifetime of animals. PMID- 3488564 TI - [Serum levels of osteocalcin in hypercalcemia of primary hyperparathyroidism and tumor-related hypercalcemia]. PMID- 3488563 TI - Cranial tissues: normal MR appearance after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA. AB - The effect of intravenously administered gadolinium DTPA on signal intensity of normal intracranial structures was analyzed in 25 patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) image enhancement with Gd-DTPA differs from image enhancement on computed tomography with aqueous iodinated contrast media. Marked contrast enhancement owing to Gd-DTPA was observed in the pituitary gland, infundibulum, cavernous sinus, cranial nerves, choroid plexus, and nasal mucosa. Enhancement was not visible routinely in the falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, dura, or rapidly flowing blood. The efficacy of Gd-DTPA in any individual MR study may be assessed by observing the signal intensity of the pituitary gland, pituitary stalk, or nasal mucosa. PMID- 3488565 TI - [Endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices. Our experience with 67 patients]. PMID- 3488566 TI - [Spectrum and clinico-pathological correlations in renal amyloidosis. Study of 44 cases]. PMID- 3488567 TI - [Amiodarone pulmonary disease and antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 3488569 TI - [Development and results of coronary revascularization surgery in Spain]. PMID- 3488568 TI - [Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and the distribution of its phenotypes in an apparently normal Spanish population and in patients with severely developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 3488570 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhage due to duodenal carcinoid]. PMID- 3488572 TI - [Evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function by the PABA test in patients with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3488571 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhage caused by gastric varices secondary to a chronic pancreatitis of the tail of the pancreas]. PMID- 3488573 TI - Cancer detection by immunoscintigraphy, selection, and clinical application of monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies and their F(ab')2 or Fab fragments. PMID- 3488574 TI - Effects of ketoconazole on rat ovarian steroidogenic enzymatic activities. AB - Ketoconazole (K) is an antifungal imidazole derivative which is a potent inhibitor of steroid biosynthesis in rodents and humans. To study the effect of K on rat ovarian steroidogenesis we measured the activities of five ovarian microsomal steroidogenic enzymes in K-treated rats and controls. Thirty hypophysectomized, gonadotropin-treated female adult rats were given either 2 mg K or water every 12 hours by mouth during 5 days. Mean ovarian weight was similar in both groups of animals. The K-treated group had an estradiol (E) serum concentration of 176 +/- 48 pg/ml whereas it was 278 +/- 56 pg/ml in the control group (NS). The K-treated animals had decreased activities of the 17,20 desmolase, 17-ketosteroid-reductase and aromatase enzymes. The 3 beta hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase and 17-hydroxylase activities were similar in both groups. We conclude that K directly inhibits the activities of the 17,20 desmolase, 17-ketosteroid-reductase and aromatase enzymes in the rat ovary. PMID- 3488576 TI - [The rheumatism in type IIa hypercholesterolemia]. AB - The authors report three cases of type IIa hypercholesterolemia in which ultrastructural observation of the synovial fluid revealed the presence of frothy cells and microcrystals. A questionnaire-based retrospective investigation amongst a population of 201 patients followed-up for type IIa essential hypercholesterolemia revealed the presence of joint disorders in 92 cases (45.8%). The condition sometimes affected a single joint (17.4%), but was generally polyarticular (82.6%), affecting the large joints. Joint pain was reported in 38 cases (41.3% of the patients presenting joint disease and 18.9% of the group as a whole) and predominantly affected the arms. Acute arthritis (54 cases) occurred preferentially in the legs. In 35 cases (38% of the joint-disease cases and 17.4% of the population as a whole) this resulted in acute rheumatic fever. Nineteen of these cases were unspecified forms of arthritis (20.7% amongst the joint-disease sufferers and 9.5% of the population). This analysis, combined with ultrastructural studies of the synovial fluid from 3 patients, establishes the existence of hypercholesterolemic rheumatism amongst heterozygotes as well as amongst homozygotes. PMID- 3488575 TI - Immunological and genotypic analysis of human T gamma-lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - T gamma-lymphoproliferative disorders (T gamma-LPD) are rare diseases characterized by expansion of circulating elements with resemblance to large granular lymphocytes (LGL). We have studied 12 patients with T gamma-LPD. Morphological evaluation revealed 79-88% of LGL in non-adherent peripheral blood lymphocytes as assessed by light and electron microscopy. The most common features of the membrane phenotype included expression of T3, HNK-1 and AB8.28 (anti-Fc gamma); other surface markers of LGL (OKM1, B73.1, N901) were variably expressed or absent. Patients' LGL usually had little or no NK activity, with the exception of two patients who had values comparable to those of normal donors; in addition, cell preparations from all patients mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The recent availability of the T cell receptor beta chain probes allowed us to investigate the lineage and the clonality of T gamma-LPD. Of the 12 patients analyzed, 10 displayed clonal rearrangements of T beta locus and expression of the T3 antigen, whereas the two remaining cases displayed a germ line configuration of the T beta gene and no expression of the T3 antigen. We suggest that individual T gamma-LPD cases represent the clonal expansion of cells frozen at different stages of differentiation/activation within an individual hematopoietic LGL/NK lineage. These data suggest that either a subset of LGL or a particular step of differentiation may be related to the T cell lineage. PMID- 3488577 TI - [Reflections on ankylosing spondylitis in Black Africa. Apropos of a juvenile onset case]. AB - From the starting point of two cases of ankylosing spondylitis, one of which began in youth, observed in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, a review of the literature concerning the major cases amongst africans is carried out. This disease is unusual in tropical Africa: about thirty published cases, of varied origin. This low incidence of ankylosing spondylitis is correlated to the rarity of the HLA B27 group and of seronegative spondylitic joint diseases in general amongst the black population of Africa. Whereas the high incidence of forms with juvenile onset in North Africa suggests some connection with undetected Reiter's disease, the infrequency of this form of onset of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa and the lack of bacteriologic evidence make it impossible to reach any such conclusions. PMID- 3488578 TI - [Circadian rhythms of the so-called inflammation proteins in healthy subjects]. AB - Circadian rhythms for the factors listed below were investigated in 14 subjects hospitalized in apparently good health: total proteins, albumin, pre-albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin, C3, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and transferrin. Seven venous blood samples were taken from each subject over a 24 hour period. A circadian rhythm was detected for the total proteins, prealbumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, ceruloplasmin and transferrin. The acrophases occurred at about 12 hour intervals and the authors research group are already investigating these rhythms for the "inflammation proteins" and the transport proteins in cancer and inflammatory processes. PMID- 3488579 TI - [Rheumatic morbidity seen in their consultation work by rheumatologists of the epidemiology team of the French Rheumatology Society]. AB - The authors present the Epidemiology Team of the French Rheumatology Society. This Society was founded in order to involve practitioners in epidemiologic research in rheumatology and to provide them with practical information likely to be of value to them. The team currently includes 251 rheumatologists and 125 general practitioners. A survey of members was carried out concerning their patients. The data collected concerned a total of 5,581 patients seen by the rheumatologists. The national significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 3488580 TI - [Hepatitis caused by pirprofen (Rangasil). 3 cases]. PMID- 3488581 TI - Phenytoin potentiates accessory cell dependent DNA-synthesis in human lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The effect of phenytoin and its major metabolite p-HPPH on concanavalin A (ConA) induced DNA-synthesis of human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. In lymphocyte cultures depleted of phagocytizing cells by iron treatment PHT and p-HPPH, in pharmacologic concentrations, caused a depression of the mitogen response measured as uptake of 3H-thymidine. In contrast, the presence of phagocytizing mononuclear cells during ConA-stimulation in the presence of PHT and p-HPPH caused a potentiation of ConA induced DNA-synthesis. These effects of phenytoin on immunocompetent cells may be of significance in the pathogenesis of the PHT induced gingival overgrowth, since earlier we have reported the presence of large infiltrates of lymphocytes, mainly T-lymphocytes in gingival biopsies from clinically non-inflamed PHT-induced gingival overgrowth. PMID- 3488582 TI - Calcitonin gene related peptide: a sensory transmitter in dental pulps? AB - Nerve fibers displaying calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity occurred in dental pulps of several mammals, including man. The CGRP fibers were more numerous in the apical parts than in the coronal parts and were distributed around small blood vessels as well as in the pulpal stroma without any obvious relation to blood vessels. The trigeminal, spinal and jugular-nodose ganglia harbored a moderate supply of CGRP immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers. Immunocytochemic double staining revealed the coexistence of CGRP and SP in a population of perikarya in the sensory ganglia and suggested coexistence of the two peptides in perivascular nerve fibers in the cat dental pulp. The cervical sympathetic ganglia did not contain CGRP-immunoreactive perikarya. Cervical sympathectomy (studied in the guinea-pig and rat) did not affect the frequency or distribution of pulpal CGRP fibers. The distribution of CGRP fibers within the dental pulp and the presence of CGRP perikarya in sensory ganglia known to supply the dental pulps indicate that the pulpal CGRP fibers are sensory in nature and that CGRP together with SP may participate in the regulation of local blood flow and the response to local inflammation. PMID- 3488583 TI - The quick-freezing of single intact skeletal muscle fibers at known time intervals following electrical stimulation. AB - Single intact frog skeletal muscle fibers quick-frozen after known time intervals following electrical stimulation are examined electron microscopically in thin sections, after freeze-substitution, in freeze-fracture/etch preparations, and in cryosections prepared for x-ray microprobe analysis. Techniques are described to perform these operations on a single fiber. Notable morphological differences between conventionally fixed and cryopreserved muscle fibers, and between fibers quick-frozen at different post-stimulation intervals are demonstrated. PMID- 3488584 TI - Morphological and immunological change in the predominant type of leukaemic cells in a patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - A case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is described. Intracerebellar tumour was demonstrated by the characteristic feature of contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and was evidenced by surgical procedure. Histological examination revealed lymphocyte infiltration in the cerebellum. Initially, the majority of leukaemic cells were mature, medium-sized lymphocytes with surface marker phenotype of E+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6-, OKT8-. In the terminal stage, large atypical lymphocytes which were morphologically distinct from the original lymphocytes and had different surface marker phenotype of E+, OKT3+, OKT4-, OKT6 , OKT8+, Leu7+ became increasingly prominent. The remaining medium-sized lymphocytes were morphologically and immunologically unchanged. Subsequently, the disease developed to a more aggressive pattern and the patient died in spite of chemotherapy. PMID- 3488585 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of acute monoblastic leukemia and an abnormal B-cell clone with both cell types characterized by specific cytogenetic and immunological markers. AB - 2 different, unrelated, abnormal clones of cells were found in a patient with acute leukemia, each clone being characterized by specific cytogenetic abnormalities and a distinct immunological phenotype. Bone marrow morphology and cytochemistry indicated an acute monoblastic leukemia, a diagnosis supported by the finding of a t(9;11) in bone marrow cells. In PHA-stimulated blood culture, another abnormal karyotype was found in 16% of the metaphases: 47,XY, + 12, inv(13), t(14;18). Immunologically, the blood contained 3 types of mononucleated cells (MNC): 1) large cells (about 70% of the MNC) with a phenotype consistent with monoblastic/monocytic leukemic cells (My7+, My8+, My906+, My4+, Leu-M3+); 2) small lymphocytic cells with either T-cell characteristics (6% of the MNC); or 3) B-cell monoclonal features (24% of the MNC). The monoclonal B-cell population was Sm kappa +, mu +, delta +, BA-1+, B1+, Y29/55+ and FMC7+. The possible origin of this abnormal (malignant) B-cell population is discussed. However, this B-cell clone was clinically silent and the patient' death precluded further observations. PMID- 3488586 TI - Late cardiac tamponade following open-heart surgery. Diagnosis and treatment. AB - Late cardiac tamponade is a rare but serious complication following open-heart surgery. It occurred in 9 (0.8%) of 1 094 consecutive patients 6 to 13 (median 8) days after operation. Six patients had undergone valve replacement and three coronary bypass surgery. All were on anticoagulant medication postoperatively (median TT index 7%). Early symptoms of cardiac tamponade were nausea and general malaise (present in all 9 cases), whereas classical signs of tamponade such as arterial hypotension and distended neck veins appeared late. The cardiac silhouette was radiographically enlarged in all cases, but this finding was seldom diagnostic. Computed tomography gave the surest diagnosis and permitted quantitative assessment of the fluid in the pericardium. Pericardial needle puncture was effective in temporarily relieving the tamponade, but insertion of a tube by the subxiphoid approach gave definitive drainage. PMID- 3488587 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation after an aortocornary bypass operation]. AB - To elucidate the influence of coronary bypass surgery on vocational status we studied 238 male patients operated upon for stable angina (mean age 53.3 +/- 7.4 years). The postoperative follow-up was 3.7 +/- 0.7 years. 33 patients died or had to be excluded because they had retired. 113 (55%) of the remaining 205 patients participated in a formal rehabilitation program (group A), whereas 92 (45%) patients did not (group B). There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to pre- or postoperative clinical and angiographic data, except a higher rate of preoperative unemployment and of patients unfit to work for more than 6 months before operation in group B. The overall preoperative employment rate was 48%, whereas 3.7 years after operation 62% of all the patients were working (p less than 0.005), a net gain of about 30%. Return to work was significantly influenced by the NYHA classification after operation, exercise capacity in the bicycle stress test, duration of preoperative unemployment, type of work and age at operation. In group A the postoperative employment rate was higher than in group B (72% vs. 51%), especially in patients who had not worked before operation (62% vs. 32%). It is concluded that after coronary artery bypass surgery a net gain in employment rate can be expected and a formal rehabilitation program may help the patients to resume work postoperatively. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn because of the retrospective, nonrandomized design of the study. PMID- 3488588 TI - [Persistent generalized lymphadenopathies in homosexuals and drug addicts: changes in humoral and cellular immunity]. AB - In two groups of subjects at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), homosexual males and intravenous drug users with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, humoral and cell-mediated immunity were compared. A small group of patients with definite AIDS were also studied. It was found that levels of immunoglobulins, serological markers for virus and other infections, cell mediated immunity and histology of lymph nodes were similar in homosexuals and drug users, whereas the lymphocyte sub-populations differed completely. The number of T4+ lymphocytes was markedly decreased in homosexuals but normal in drug users; the number of T8+ lymphocytes was much higher in drug users than in homosexuals. This discrepancy may explain the extremely low prevalence of AIDS cases observed among Swiss drug users as compared with the high frequency noted among homosexuals. PMID- 3488589 TI - The effect of blood transfusion (BT) and HLA-DRW6 on cell mediated immunity in chronic renal failure. PMID- 3488590 TI - Double-labeled metabolic maps of memory. AB - The physical changes representing a memory are believed to be localized to specific neurons, widely distributed in multiple parallel pathways in the brain. 2-Fluorodeoxyglucose, labeled with two discriminable radioactive tracers, was used to construct quantitative metabolic maps in split-brain cats during a visual task. One side of the brain served to estimate the metabolic variability of nonspecific influences. The other side was used to map metabolic changes related to the presence of previously learned visual cues, as well as changes related to nonspecific influences, in the same periods of time. When the two sides were compared, between 5 million and 100 million neurons (depending upon the significance level selected) were identified in which activity increased during presentation of the familiar cues. The wide distribution of these neurons throughout the brain is compatible with prior evidence of a distributed memory system. However, the large number of neurons involved is difficult to reconcile with theories in which individual neurons are dedicated to specific memories. PMID- 3488591 TI - Interferon therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 3488592 TI - Pseudo-myocardial infarction pattern after aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft surgery. A case report. AB - In a 51-year-old medical colleague with symptomatic atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, coronary arteriography delineated significant left mainstem, left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery lesions and cine angiography demonstrated normal left ventricular contractility. Aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting was successful. The postoperative appearance of QS waves on the ECG suggested the possible complication of an acute transmural anteroseptal and anterolateral myocardial infarction (MI). However, this possibility was excluded by resting technetium-99m and thallium-201 scintiscans, as well as by a technetium-99m-gated blood pool scintiscan. The occurrence of acute pericarditis approximately 2 weeks after surgery made clinical evaluation more difficult. The ECG may represent a pseudo-MI pattern, the patient having suffered a post-pericardiotomy syndrome. The importance of excluding postoperative acute MI is stressed. The causes of the appearance of new Q waves after aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft surgery are briefly outlined. PMID- 3488593 TI - Long term results after portal disconnection of the esophagus using an anastomotic button for bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhosis. AB - From 1968 to 1984, 250 patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices underwent portal disconnection of the esophagus using either Murphy's button (before 1974) or an esophageal device developed by one of the authors (after 1974). One hundred and thirty-four patients underwent operation on an elective basis and 116 underwent emergency procedures. With the use of Child's classification, 62 patients were class A, 125 were class B and 63, class C. The over-all operative mortality rate was 24.4 per cent but this varied with the hepatic functional status and whether or not the operation was done on an elective or emergency basis. The long term survival rates were 53 per cent at one year, 36 per cent at three years, 24 per cent at five years and 8 per cent at ten years. Ninety-six per cent of the patients were without proved recurrent esophageal bleeding at one year, 88 per cent at three years, 79 per cent at five years and 66 per cent at ten years. Portal disconnection of the esophagus using an anastomotic button is a simple and effective procedure which can benefit many patients with cirrhosis who undergo an operation for bleeding varices on an elective or emergency basis. It constitutes an efficacious prophylactic means for preventing recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices. PMID- 3488594 TI - Increased numbers of spleen colony forming units in B cell deficient CBA/N mice. AB - The formation of exogenous and endogenous spleen colonies was studied in immune defective mice expressing the CBA/N X-linked xid gene. Bone marrow and spleen cells of immune deficient mice formed increased numbers of eight-day exogenous spleen colonies when transferred to either normal or B cell deficient lethally irradiated recipients. Moreover, defective mice showed increased formation of five-day endogenous spleen colonies (derived from transient endogenous colony forming units; T-CFU) and of ten-day endogenous spleen colonies (derived from CFU S). Among the possible mechanisms responsible for the observed effects, the most probable appears the one in which decreased numbers of B cell precursors stimulate stem cell pools through a feedback mechanism. PMID- 3488595 TI - Changes of serum complement concentrations in tumour patients prior and after radiotherapy. AB - Peripheral blood concentrations of leucocytes, platelets and complement factors Clq, C3c, C3d, C4 and C5 were examined in 30 patients suffering from malignant tumours prior and after radiotherapy. In general, a decrease of blood cell concentrations as well as serum complement levels was noted using regression analysis. Two groups were formed: patients with (group I) and without (group II) foregoing tumour surgery. A positive correlation was found for all complement factors prior therapy in group I, whereas only some complement components did correlate in group II. The results in group I are in agreement with complements classical pathway activation. We conclude that the alternative pathways influence is responsible for the different results in group II. PMID- 3488596 TI - Reduced muscle amino acid uptake in sepsis and the effects in vitro of septic plasma and interleukin-1. AB - Inhibited amino acid transport in skeletal muscle during sepsis has been demonstrated previously. In the present study we investigated the effects in vitro of plasma from septic animals or fractions of septic plasma that contain solutes with a molecular weight less than 30,000 daltons or less than 2000 to 3000 daltons on amino acid transport in incubated rat soleus (SOL) muscles. The influence of interleukin-1 (IL-1), prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), and the "catabolic" hormones corticosterone, glucagon, and epinephrine on muscle amino acid uptake was also investigated. Amino acid transport was studied with 3H-alpha aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Whole-septic plasma and the two low molecular-weight fractions of the septic plasma reduced muscle amino acid uptake by about 20%. IL 1 or PGE2 did not affect amino acid transport. When the catabolic hormones were added individually to incubated SOL muscles, no changes in AIB uptake were noticed. When glucagon or epinephrine was added in combination with corticosterone or when all three hormones were added together, amino acid transport was reduced by 10% to 15%. The results suggest that inhibited muscle amino acid uptake in sepsis is caused by a circulating factor(s) with a molecular weight less than 2000 to 3000 daltons. A synergistic action among the catabolic hormones may be one important factor for reduced muscle amino acid transport in sepsis. PMID- 3488597 TI - In vivo and in vitro humoral immunity in surgical patients: antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide. AB - We have previously shown that the antibody response to a T cell-dependent protein antigen, tetanus toxoid is reduced in patients having surgery. Because most bacterial antigens are not protein but polysaccharide, we studied in vivo and in vitro antibody responses to a relatively T cell-independent polysaccharide antigen, 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (Pneumovax) (PPS). Subjects were classified by skin testing with five standard antigens as reactive patients (R, positive response to any antigen, N = 5), anergic patients (A, no response, N = 7) or laboratory controls (C, reactive personnel, N = 8). Blood lymphocytes taken before and after immunization with 0.5 ml PPS were cultured in vitro. Quantities of total and anti-PPS IgG, IgM, and IgA in culture supernatants and serum were measured by radioimmunoassay. There was no difference in in vivo anti-PPS production in the three groups (p greater than 0.05 for all comparisons, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Positive response rates (greater than twofold increase) for all classes of immunoglobulin were also similar in the three groups (X2(2) = 0.36, 0.36, and 0.81 for IgG, IgM, and IgA, p greater than 0.05). In in vitro studies, peak quantities of IgA anti-PPS produced by A were significantly less than C (0.64 X divided by 0.41 versus 2.03 X divided by 0.6, p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Synthesis of all other classes of Ig anti-PPS and simultaneous measurement of total Ig (nanograms per culture) produced in vitro were not significantly different among all groups (p greater than 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In C, R, and A, peak in vitro isotype-specific anti-PPS production correlated with the magnitude of the in vivo serum response (Spearman rank correlation = 0.53, 0.60, and 0.59 for IgG, IgM, and IgA, p less than 0.05). We conclude that these data show normal in vivo antibody responses to a relatively T cell-independent bacterial polysaccharide antigen in surgical patients and a good correlation of in vivo- to in vitro-specific antibody responses. The data imply that a T cell defect is responsible for reduced humoral immunity to protein antigens. Because most bacterial antigens are not protein but polysaccharides, active immunization of patients with bacterial vaccines may produce effective immunity. PMID- 3488598 TI - Prostacyclin production by internal mammary artery as a factor in coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - Long-term patency of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) with internal mammary artery (IMA) is better than with saphenous vein (SV) grafts. To determine if vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) produced by IMA might contribute to the improved outcome, we compared PGI2 generated by IMA and SV fragments from 26 patients undergoing CABG and tested the effect of preoperative, long-term ingestion of of aspirin. Fresh tissues were incubated in buffer +/- 25 mumol/L of sodium arachidonate at 37 degrees C for 5 minutes to stimulate PGI2 production, measured by radioimmunoassay of its major hydrolytic product, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Results were expressed in picograms of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha per milligram tissue wet weight for total PGI2 production by vascular segments and picograms per cm2 surface area for endothelial PGI2 production. Endothelial PGI2 production was compared for IMA and SV in template-stirring chambers that exposed only the luminal surface of the vessel, excluding underlying smooth muscle. Endothelial PGI2 production by IMA was significantly higher than production by SV under both basal (mechanical stimulation only 1436 +/- 224 versus 842 +/- 227 pg/cm2, mean +/- SEM, p greater than 0.05) and stimulated (25 mumol/L sodium arachidonate: 3343 +/- 347 versus 2032 +/- 465 pg/cm2, p less than 0.025) conditions in patients not receiving aspirin. For patients receiving aspirin, endothelial PGI2 production by IMA was significantly higher than production by SV in stimulated conditions (1382 +/- 526 versus 683 +/- 124 pg/cm2, p less than 0.05). Histologic examination of the tissue segments revealed intact endothelium after incubation in both IMA and SV. Thus a high capacity for PGI2 synthesis and diminished inhibition of PGI2 after aspirin were demonstrated for IMA compared with SV tissue and may be a factor in the improved patency of IMA grafts. PMID- 3488599 TI - The human burn wound as a primary source of interleukin-1 activity. AB - It has been suggested that interleukin 1 (IL-1) may be elevated systemically after major burn injury. Several metabolic changes commonly observed in patients with burns can be attributed in part to elevated IL-1 production; these include temperature elevation, skeletal muscle proteolysis, and alterations in the production of certain serum proteins by the hepatocyte (e.g., albumin and acute phase reactants). In this article we describe a likely source of this elevated IL 1 activity: the burn wound. Fluid taken from blisters on thermally injured skin early after burn injury contains substantial amounts of IL-1. This activity is less apparent in certain blister fluid (BF) samples, probably because of the presence of an inhibitor(s) of lymphocyte proliferation. However, after gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography, the IL-1 actively elutes at a molecular weight of 15,000 to 20,000 daltons and can be blocked with an antibody to IL-1. We suggest that the source of this IL-1 activity is the injured keratinocyte and that release of this IL-1 systemically is inevitable. We postulate that release of IL-1 from the wound into the systemic circulation accounts in part for the metabolic changes outlined above. Furthermore, since epidermal IL-1 is a potent T cell chemoattractant, we believe that burn wound IL 1 may affect sequestration of T cells near the burn wound, resulting in T cell lymphopenia. PMID- 3488600 TI - Reverse electrical pacing improves intestinal absorption and transit time. AB - This study evaluates the effect of reverse electrical pacing on intestinal absorption and transit time in an enterostomy model. Twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats (148 to 208 gm) underwent division and anastomosis of the proximal jejunum to eliminate the proximal gastroduodenal pacemaker. A 30.0 cm loop ileostomy was formed, and leads were placed at 1.0 and 3.0 cm proximal to the stoma. Reverse pacing was done with a 0.25 Hz, 50 msec pulse at 0.1 mA. Transit time was evaluated with 1.0 ml barium gavage and was 12 +/- 4 minutes in group I controls (n = 13) versus 27 +/- 21 minutes in group II (n = 12) reverse-paced rats (p less than 0.025). D-Xylose absorption was determined in 18 rats. Levels were 14.0 +/- 3.6 mg/dl in control rats (n = 6) and 15.5 +/- 3.4 mg/dl in reverse paced rats (n = 6). Increasing the pulse milliamperage to 2.0 mA (n = 6) increased D-xylose serum levels to 38.8 +/- 27.7 mg/dl (p less than 0.05). Transit rate and net water flux were determined in eight additional rats with 15 cm Theiry-Vella loops. Transit rate was measured with 0.2 ml of methylene blue and was 3.00 +/- 2.32 ml/min in unpaced rats compared with 9.95 +/- 0.71 ml/min with reverse pacing (p less than 0.025). Water flux studies showed that control rats had a net secretory loss of 0.20 +/- 0.48 ml/cm while paced rats absorbed 0.08 +/- 0.12 ml/cm. These data indicate that reverse electrical pacing increases transit time and nutrient and fluid absorption. These observations suggest that reverse electrical pacing may be a useful adjunct in instances of short gut associated with an enterostomy. PMID- 3488601 TI - Immune responses to tumor antigens and their clinical applications. PMID- 3488602 TI - [Optimization of the effects of physical and health resort factors in ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension]. AB - The authors presented and discussed the results of the use of the natural and instrumental physical methods for therapy, prevention and rehabilitation of 280 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 300 patients with arterial hypertension (AH). The efficacy of the optimized use of a number of physical factors (precardial and segmental massage, low frequency magnetic field) was shown in the CHD and AH patients by the short- and long-term follow-up results. The authors substantiated the appropriateness of expanding the concept "nonpharmacological" methods proceeding from its practical meaning at the present day stage of CHD and AH control. PMID- 3488603 TI - [Effect of thymalin on the status of immunogenesis and hemostasis in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - It was established that the use of thymalin in multimodality therapy of CHD patients suffering from attacks of angina pectoris of effort and at rest brought back to normal the state of cellular and humoral immunity, slowed down blood coagulation, decreased fibrinogen and FDP concentration, enhanced total euglobulin and Hageman-dependent fibrinolysis. A more rapid disappearance of the pain syndrome was noted in these patients as compared to those who had not received the drug. PMID- 3488604 TI - The effect of prenatal exposure to the n-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the immune response in mice. AB - Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered the n-butylester of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by gastric intubation on day 11 of gestation at dosages ranging from 0 to 200 mg/kg (2,4-D content). The immune response in the female offspring was elevated at 6 weeks of age. The humoral immune response, antibody production against sheep red blood cells, was not altered by 2,4-D ester exposure during gestation. The mitogen responses of lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A, a T-lymphocyte mitogen, or by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, a B-lymphocyte mitogen, were reduced in the highest exposure group (200 mg/kg), although the T-lymphocyte suppression was not statistically significant. A similar response pattern was observed in the background nonstimulated lymphocyte cultures, suggesting that the suppression was a generalized lymphocyte abnormality. Evaluation of the mitogen responses using stimulation indices to correct for the variable background responses demonstrated that 2,4-D produced no net suppressive effect in any of the treatment groups. Since in utero 2,4-D ester exposure produced no alterations in humoral immunity and only subtle effects on lymphocyte blastogenesis, it is unlikely to be of any immunotoxicological or immunoteratological significance. Further studies investigating commercial-grade 2,4-D formulations are necessary since these formulations contain other components that may potentially induce alterations in the immune system. PMID- 3488605 TI - The rabbit as a model for studies of fibrinolysis. AB - When compared to man, the rabbit shows marked prolongation of the dilute whole blood clot lysis time and an attenuated increase in plasminogen activator (PA) after the infusion of desmopressin (DDAVP). The levels of specific components of the plasma fibrinolytic system of the rabbit were compared to those in human plasma to ascertain their role in the differences between species. PA activity and plasminogen levels were similar in the two species. Anti-plasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity were lower in the rabbit than in man. The rabbit PAI, apparently similar to that described in man, was not increased by DDAVP infusion. The disparity between man and rabbit with respect to the lysis times of dilute blood clots and response to DDAVP cannot be explained by differences in functional plasma levels of inhibitors or activators of the fibrinolytic system. PMID- 3488606 TI - Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygen metabolism in patients with sickle cell disease using positron emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow, blood volume, fractional oxygen extraction and oxygen consumption were measured by positron emission tomography in six patients with sickle cell disease to see how oxygen delivery to the brain is maintained in the presence of both anemia and a low oxygen affinity hemoglobin. Both regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume were found to be markedly increased compared to values obtained from 14 normal subjects in the same age range. The mean fractional oxygen extraction was not significantly different in the two groups. Mean oxygen consumption in the two groups was also not significantly different but low values in individual patients with sickle cell disease and the presence of atrophy on the CT-scans of three of them were suggestive of some neuronal loss in patients without any history of nervous system involvement. In view of the known high values of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in childhood, it is suggested that when compounded by anemia and abnormal red cells, a hypercirculatory state may make patients in this age-group particularly prone to ischemic infarction. PMID- 3488607 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis carriage in male patients. AB - Urethral discharge from 579 consecutive men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was examined for Gardnerella vaginalis. The organism was isolated from nine patients (1.5%). Of these, one patient had a probable NGU due to G. vaginalis which is an extremely rare occurrence. The remaining eight patients were carriers of G. vaginalis. The prevalence rate of G. vaginalis in 150 randomly selected men without urethritis was five percent. PMID- 3488609 TI - Haematological study in Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique; sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency. AB - A haematological study was done in several villages in the northern province of Cabo Delgado in Mozambique. The prevalence of sickle cell trait (HbAS) was found to be about 4%. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in males was about 18%. No significant differences were found in haemoglobin values between HbAA and HbAS individuals and between G6PD deficient and G6PD normal individuals. The number of males with both HbAS and G6PD deficiency was not significantly greater than expected. PMID- 3488608 TI - Obesity and hypertension in diabetic Nigerians. AB - Over a 9 months period, 675 old and new diabetic patients were examined in the medical outpatient department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, to ascertain the prevalence of and relationship between hypertension and obesity. For the purpose of the study, the criterion for hypertension was diastolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg and above on three or more occasions, that for obesity was a body mass index of 28 and above. Of the 675 patients, 79 (11.7%) were obese hypertensives, 102 (15.1%) were non-obese hypertensives, 116 (17.2%) were obese normotensives and 378 (56%), non-obese normotensives. The total number of hypertensives was 181 (26.8%) and of obese patients, 195 (28.9%). A significant association between obesity and hypertension was found among the diabetic patients. The association was such that we feel greater efforts are required to curtail the growing number of obese and hypertensive diabetic patients. This is to combat the present trend of cultural and dietary changes in many African communities, tending to produce more overweight, hypertensive and diabetic problems. PMID- 3488610 TI - [Nature of the changes in the activity of water-soluble enzymes in exposure of muscles to harmful agents. IV. The study of hexokinase extractability from intact and altered muscles]. AB - A possibility of hexokinase binding with actomyosin in skeletal muscles of Rana temporaria L., and the effect of thermal alteration (15 min at 36, 37, 38, 40 and 42 degrees C) on the binding were studied. Solutions of KCl (0.075 M and 0.15 M) extract more hexokinase from intact and altered muscles than does an non electrolyte medium. Hexokinase freely dissolved in hyaloplasm is extracted in non electrolyte medium. Hexokinase bound with structural components of the muscle cell is extracted upon the increase in ionic force of the extractant. The solubilizing effect of electrolytes on hexokinase is higher in alterated muscles than in the intact muscles indicating the increase in hexokinase binding under thermal alteration. Actomysin isolated from muscles reveals hexokinase activity. In reprecipitated actomyosin, the larger part of its hexokinase remains in actomyosin gel, the level of hexokinase activity not depending on the number of reprecipitation procedures or on the volume of washing solution. Hexokinase in actomyosin gel is less stable to the thermal action than in water supernatant of muscle extract. This may be due to the increase in hexokinase binding with actomiosin whose sorption activity increases under the thermal denaturation. PMID- 3488611 TI - Unusual dermatologic toxicity of long-term therapy with hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - The unusual appearance of extensive skin ulcerations was observed in 17 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia on continuous chemotherapy with hydroxyurea. The strict relationship between ulcers and therapy was proved by the complete (14 cases) or almost complete (3 cases) healing of lesions after therapy was discontinued. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for skin alterations are considered. The particular importance of the continuous hydroxyurea administration modality clearly emerges, suggesting the use of different administration modalities to reduce such serious side effects. PMID- 3488613 TI - [Acid-base status and antibody production in pigs immunized with a vaccine against erysipelas]. AB - Studied was the correlation between the acid-alkaline status and the antibody production in pigs treated with the VR-2 vaccine against swine erysipelas. A progressive growth of the values of the B-system indices was established as early as the 24th hour in correlation with the higher HCO3 and CO2 values. The latter substantiated a new profile of the acid-alkaline state, which persisted up to the 10th day. The subsidiary increase in the concentration of HCO3 from the 10th to the 15th day as well as of pCO2 on the 15th day was associated with the highest percent and absolute number of B lymphocytes and 'AOK' at 10(6). This confirmed the presence of a gradual correlation between the indices of the acid-alkaline state and the B system. PMID- 3488612 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in children with uninhibited urinary bladder]. PMID- 3488614 TI - Cell death in the retinal ganglion cell layer during optic nerve regeneration for the frog Rana pipiens. AB - Cell number in the retinal ganglion cell layer of adult Rana pipiens was estimated from cresyl stained wholemounts. Values for normal animals ranged from 466,000 to 643,000 but differences between sides of individual animals varied by 9% or less. During optic nerve regeneration, following unilateral extracranial optic nerve crush, cell numbers in experimental retinae fell compared to their unoperated partners with the majority of the loss taking place between 56 and 84 days; by 200 day only half the cell complement remained. Since retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase labelled 87% of cells in the normal ganglion cell layer, most of the loss during regeneration must have been from the ganglion cell population. PMID- 3488615 TI - Optokinetic response and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the open loop condition in the cat. AB - Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the visual suppression of the VOR were investigated before and after elimination of retinal image motion following monocular surgical paralysis. Monocular paralysis gave rise to an instability of eye position in the dark which was abolished during the illumination of the mobile but not the immobile eye. In the open-loop condition there was a substantial increase in the monocular OKN gain and a large asymmetry with respect to temporo-nasal and naso-temporal stimulation. Viewing a head-fixed world through a completely paralysed eye suppressed the VOR. This visual suppression was asymmetric and the asymmetry was consistent with that found in the open-loop OKN. These results imply that in the cat visual system, cancellation models of visual suppression of the VOR need to be expanded to accommodate signals generated by stable retinal images. PMID- 3488616 TI - [Interleukins as mediators in acute diseases]. PMID- 3488617 TI - Employment, attitudes toward employment, and women's health. AB - The relationships between self-reported general health, employment, and attitudes toward the employment of married women have been analyzed for a representative sample of married, middle-aged women in the United States. The cross-sectional data indicate that women who were in the labor force had better health than women who were out of the labor force. In addition, women whose labor force status was compatible with their attitudes toward employment tended to have better health than women for whom there was a discrepancy between labor force status and attitudes. Analysis of the longitudinal data indicate that several causal mechanisms contributed to the relationships observed in the cross-sectional data. For the women with favorable attitudes toward employment, it appears that being a housewife had more detrimental effects on health than being employed. In contrast, for the women with unfavorable or neutral attitudes toward employment, it appears that employment status did not affect health. For healthy women, being employed may have contributed to more favorable attitudes toward employment. Healthy women were more likely than unhealthy women to stay in the labor force. Thus, it appears that there are multiple causal relationships linking employment status, attitudes toward employment and women's health. PMID- 3488618 TI - Is fever beneficial to the host: a clinical perspective. AB - Fever is a phylogenetically ancient host response to infection, being found in fish and lizards, and conserved, with all its metabolic costs, in the higher mammals, including man. The conservation of the fever response in evolution is used as an argument for its survival value and, indeed, in experiments with cold blooded animals "behavioral fever" has been demonstrated to reduce mortality associated with infection. Recent advances in the biology of interleukin-1 and other cytokines have allowed the testing, in vitro, of components of mammalian host defense (such as immune cell function) at temperatures typical of fever, and marked effects have been found. It remains to be demonstrated, however, that the hyperthermia of fever has survival value in man, and though it might be predicted that fever would be beneficial in infections, it is quite possible that in some circumstances even mild fever could be construed as harmful. In autoimmunity, for example, increased T-cell activation at febrile temperatures may well accelerate disease progress. PMID- 3488620 TI - Prostaglandin E2 and fever: a continuing debate. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is a potent hyperthermic agent and has been assigned an intermediary function in the response of thermoregulatory neurons to pyrogens. Though attractive, this idea has been challenged on several grounds. The present study confirms that brain PGE2 synthesis increases during fever, the time course of the elevation according with a causative role of the compound. Our experimental data also argue against the involvement of a second cyclooxygenase product, specifically thromboxane (TX) A2, in the action of pyrogens. The sequence of events leading to PGE2 production and fever differs depending on the pyrogen, bacterial vs. leucocytic, and its route of administration. Blood-borne interleukin-1 (IL-1) acts on a discrete site in the central nervous system (CNS) which is tentatively identified with the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT). The same site may also be the target for blood-borne endotoxin. In addition, endotoxin may promote PGE2 synthesis in the cerebral microvasculature. Both pyrogens, on the other hand, act diffusely throughout the CNS when given intrathecally. We conclude that PGE2 is well suited for an intermediary role in the genesis of fever and ascribe the reported inconsistencies to methodological factors. PMID- 3488619 TI - Is prostaglandin E2 involved in the pathogenesis of fever? Effects of interleukin 1 on the release of prostaglandins. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induces the formation of PGE2 from monocytes, fibroblasts, muscle cells, and brain tissue by increasing the intracellular concentrations of CA2+; this cation, in turn, activates a phospholipase which cleaves arachidonic acid from either diacylglycerol or a membrane phospholipid. In addition, IL-1 increases the synthesis of cyclooxygenase, as evidenced by the increased conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins after fibroblasts are pre incubated with IL-1. Evidence is also presented that fever is caused by interleukin-1-induced prostaglandin E2. PMID- 3488621 TI - Is fever beneficial? AB - Fever, the regulation of body temperature at an elevated level, is a common response to infection throughout the vertebrates, as well as in many species of invertebrate animals. It is probable that fever evolved as an adaptive response to infection hundreds of millions of years ago. Many components of the nonspecific and specific host response to infection are enhanced by small elevations in temperature. Perhaps more important, studies of bacterial- and viral-infected animals have shown that, in general, moderate fevers decrease morbidity and increase survival rate. PMID- 3488622 TI - Effects of human interleukin-1 on natural killer cell activity: is fever a host defense mechanism for tumor killing? AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) represents a family of polypeptides with a wide range of biological activities. cDNA from two gene products has been cloned; there are probably more. The human IL-1 family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases and functions as a key mediator of host response to various infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and immunologic challenges. Recombinant mouse (pI 5) and recombinant human (pI 7) IL-1s are being used to confirm the multiple biological properties of IL-1s. Some IL-1 biological activities seem to be involved with mechanisms of host tumor killing. Incubating purified or recombinant human IL-1 with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of IL-2 or interferon-alpha results in a synergistic enhancement of certain tumor cells. More recent results indicate that IL-1 exhibits direct cytotoxicity for tumor cells in vitro. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with tumors demonstrate decreased production of IL-1 when challenged with endotoxin and show a comparable decrease in natural killer activity; adding exogenous IL-1 reverses this defect in these patients. However, induction of hepatic acute-phase proteins such as serum amyloid A serves as a negative feedback since the amyloid protein suppresses natural killer activity. Moreover, natural killer cell activity in the presence of IL-1 or interferon-alpha is suppressed by incubating temperatures of 39 degrees C. This effect is not reversed by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. IL-1 is clearly important to host defense against malignancy, but some aspects of IL-1 biology seem to exert a contrary influence. PMID- 3488624 TI - [Treatment of esophageal varices in children by sclerotherapy]. AB - The treatment of portal hypertension in children by portosystemic shunt or Vosschulte dissection-ligature is not definitive. Recurrent oesophageal varices or high gastrointestinal bleeding occur on a medium-term and long-term basis. We are investigating endoscopic sclerotherapy as a therapeutic alternative. The aim of this prospective study is to analyse the treatment and follow-up of 7 children with prehepatic portal hypertension who have undergone sclerotherapy, using a flexible endoscope. The first results at short-term and medium-term follow-up are encouraging. The authors discuss the technique, complications and emergency use of sclerotherapy. PMID- 3488623 TI - [Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) with the analgesia stimulator "TUR" RS 40]. PMID- 3488625 TI - [Bone replacement using beta-tricalcium phosphate--results of experimental studies and initial clinical case examples]. AB - Beta-Tricalcium phosphate granulates (Ceros 82) implanted in femurs of the rat led to osteoconduction already one week after implantation. Compared to the problems of autologous implants, TCP presents many advantages: No operation on the donor site, no limitation of quantity, clinically negligible resorption, immediate osteoconduction. The results on femoral defects of 26 rats filled up by beta-TCP and our first clinical experiences on juvenile bone cysts are presented. PMID- 3488626 TI - The inheritance of xanthine dehydrogenase-1 (Xdh-1) variants in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus). PMID- 3488627 TI - [The study of in vivo and in vitro responses to trichosanthin in the mouse]. PMID- 3488628 TI - [The self-reactive cells developed during the long-term culture of T lymphocytes primed to trichosanthin]. PMID- 3488629 TI - Massive gastric bleeding from exulceratio simplex (Dieulafoy). AB - Massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage may be caused by ulcus simplex Dieulafoy. Of 144 patients consecutively operated on for benign gastric ulcer in 1975-1980, 29 were admitted as emergencies because of massive bleeding from the stomach. Six had the Dieulafoy lesion. Identification of the source of bleeding was made by fibreoptic endoscopy in five of these cases, while wide gastrotomy was required in one case. All were successfully treated, one with gastroscopic coagulation and the others surgically. Hitherto there has been no recurrence of bleeding. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems are described. The Dieulafoy lesion may be life-threatening. A century after it was first reported, reminder of the lesion is still necessary, since it probably is more rarely recognized than rare. PMID- 3488630 TI - Splenic vein obstruction: a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Isolated splenic vein obstruction may lead to bleeding from gastric varices. The condition is rare, the varices may be difficult to demonstrate and therefore the diagnosis often is delayed. This is illustrated by an example of a 79-year-old man who had intermittent melena for two years before the diagnosis was made. Following splenectomy there was no bleeding. PMID- 3488631 TI - Ontogenesis of androgen receptors in the mouse submandibular gland: correlation with the developmental profiles of circulating thyroid and testicular hormones. AB - Specific binding of the synthetic androgen, [17 alpha-methyl-3H]methyltrienolone, to the cytosol fraction of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) of male mice was studied in relation to the developmental profiles of testosterone and thyroid hormones in blood. The peak rise of serum triiodothyronine (T3) at prepubertal age was closely related to both the increase of maximal androgen-binding capacity in SMG and the conspicuous surge of proliferative activity as indicated by increased rate of glandular DNA content. Also, 2-month thyroidectomized mice had an age-related, strong reduction in the number of androgen-binding sites. On the other hand, the development of the secretory functions of the gland could be better related to the rise of circulating testosterone by days 25-30 of age. The results suggest that thyroid hormones play a very important role in the early induction and further maintenance of androgen receptors in the murine SMG. PMID- 3488632 TI - Esterolytic activity, alpha-1 antitrypsine and orosomucoid higher in blood serum of psychiatric patients. PMID- 3488633 TI - On-line measurement of gas-exchange during cardiac surgery. AB - This paper describes an on-line system for continuously monitoring expired CO2 during controlled ventilation. Signals from a Servo ventilator 900B or C and a CO2 Analyzer 930 are processed and corrected by the computer to produce a CO2 single breath test (SBT-CO2). This is the tracing of expired CO2 concentration or fraction against expired volume, from which the computer calculates the airway deadspace (VDaw). If a value for arterial PCO2 is supplied, the computer will calculate the physiological deadspace (VDphys) and the alveolar deadspace (VDalv) for each breath. The system was used to make measurements at four stages during coronary artery by-pass grafting in 13 male patients. When the sternum was opened there was a 32% increase in VDaw, and the physiological deadspace fraction therefore increased. There were reductions in VDaw after extra-corporeal circulation and again after sternal suture. By the end of surgery, the alveolar deadspace fraction had increased significantly. VDaw at this stage was smaller than pre-operatively, and so there was no net change in the physiological deadspace fraction at the end of surgery. Arterial PO2 was, however, reduced at this stage. PMID- 3488634 TI - The distribution of Ia antigen in the lesions of rat acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Ia antigen, encoded within the major histocompatibility complex, plays an important role in the activation of T lymphocytes. Since experimental allergic encephalitis is an essentially T cell-mediated disease, Ia antigen in the central nervous system (CNS) may be pathogenetically relevant. The occurrence of Ia antigen in the CNS of normal rats and of rats with experimental allergic encephalitis was studied by light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry using the monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies Ox 4 and Ox 6. In normal, unsensitized animals a district population of stellate cells in the meninges and some perivascular mononuclear cells in the nervous tissue carried Ia antigen. In rats with experimental allergic encephalitis a dramatic increase of Ia-positive cells was found. In addition to the positive cells found in normal animals, monocytes, macrophages and many lymphocytes in the meningeal perivascular and parenchymal inflammatory infiltrates as well as "activated microglia" stained for Ia antigen. We did not find evidence for Ia expression on endothelial cells, astrocytes or other components of the CNS in either normal or diseased rats. PMID- 3488635 TI - Serum lactoferrin and C-reactive protein in mother and newborn after preterm rupture of membranes. AB - Eleven of 15 serum lactoferrin (S-LF) values and all 16 C-reactive protein (CRP) values were significantly elevated in cases of premature rupture of the amniotic membranes (PROM). There was no correlation between values of C-reactive protein and lactoferrin in either mothers or their newborn. The difference in C-reactive protein between mothers and their newborn was significant, but this was not the case with serum lactoferrin. This suggest that there is no transplacental transfer of C-reactive protein, even in preterm rupture of the membranes, and this is probably also the case with lactoferrin. PMID- 3488637 TI - Frequency analysis of body sway in the upright posture. Statistical study in cases of peripheral vestibular disease. AB - The frequency component of shift in the centre of gravity while standing upright was investigated in 14 normal subjects and 30 patients with peripheral vestibular disease. Relative changes in the square root value of the power in each small frequency band of 0.1 and 0.2 Hz in frequencies of less than 2 Hz were evaluated statistically for four groups, viz. a group of normal subjects, and patients with Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and vestibular neuritis. The influence of visual control in each group and the difference between each pathological group and the normal subjects were examined statistically. The combination of a minor change in each small frequency band is considered to be utilizable to establish a differential diagnosis for the three groups of peripheral vestibular disease and versus the normal group. PMID- 3488636 TI - Long-term study after perforation of the round window. Animal experiments using electric response audiometry. AB - The round-window membrane of the inner ear of the guinea pig was perforated with a platinum wire under ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia. The latency times of waves I and V (Jewett) increased to 0.6 ms at 100 dB click HL stimulus loudness. The interpeak latencies did not change (4.0-4.2 ms). At 60 dB CHL stimulus loudness, no responses were discernible. Closure of the membrane damage by adhesive fibrin tissue had no effect on the auditory nerve potentials or the brain-stem responses. Normal latency times of waves I-V were seen 7 days after perforation. There was no difference between the animals with repaired and unrepaired membrane damage. We observed spontaneous healing of the round-window membrane 7 days after perforation, and a normal organ of Corti. PMID- 3488638 TI - Antibiotics and sensorineural interactions. In vitro studies. AB - Organ culture of the embryonic inner ear of the mouse results, under normal conditions, in a good morphological morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of individual cells and tissues. Organ culture is performed during a period corresponding to the embryonic development in vivo. Continuing the culture period causes a deterioration of the organ culture explant. Only a minor portion of the total innervation of vestibular and cochlear parts of the labyrinth occurs prior to birth. Low dose exposure (1-10 micrograms/ml) of ototoxic antibiotics in the culture medium causes a primary morphologic damage of vestibular and cochlear hair cells and a markedly reduced number of nerve fibers and statoacoustic ganglion cells. Likewise the ingrowing nerve fibers are even more vulnerable to aminoglycoside antibiotics than the hair cells. Such a drug exposure in the in vitro system confirms (by a chemical deprivation of nerve fiber ingrowth to developing hair cells) that hair cell differentiation occurs at least initially independent of morphologic contact with ingrowing nerve fibers as was earlier shown using a mechanical excision of the statoacoustic ganglion. PMID- 3488639 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood. AB - The emergence of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b in Denmark has created demands for alternative treatments of serious infections with H. influenzae. In this study 102 strains of H. influenzae recovered from cerebrospinal fluid (85) and blood (17) were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, piperacillin, erythromycin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, aztreonam, and netilmicin by means of the agar dilution method. The majority (97%) was H. influenzae type b and of these strains 94% belonged to biotype I. Nine of the investigated strains were beta-lactamase producers. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were the most active agents (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.025 microliter/ml) followed by moxalactam and aztreonam (MIC90 = 0.1 microgram/ml). Except for ampicillin and piperacillin, the MIC was similar for beta-lactamase producers and non-producers. Several of the investigated antibiotics, especially some of the third generation cephalosporins, might constitute valid therapeutical alternatives to conventional drugs in the treatment of severe H. influenzae infections. PMID- 3488640 TI - Characterization of some previously unclassified "Pasteurella" spp. obtained from the oral cavity of dogs and cats and description of a new species tentatively classified with the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981 and provisionally called taxon 16. AB - The taxonomic relationship of 23 unclassified canine and feline strains of Pasteurellaceae and five strains received as Pasteurella spp. or Haemophilus influenzae-murium was investigated by phenotypic and genetic characterization. Eleven strains were classified with four recently described species of genus Pasteurella sensu stricto. Fourteen canine and feline strains formed a homogeneous group, tentatively designated taxon 16. Both phenotypic characters and mol% G + C in DNA and genome size indicate classification of taxon 16 with genus Pasteurella. DNA/DNA hybridizations, however, failed to locate taxon 16 on genus level with accepted or proposed species of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981. Two additional species obtained from rats and mice remained unclassified, in addition to a human isolate obtained from a dog-bite. The necessity of detailed phenotypic characterization within the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981 needs to be stressed. PMID- 3488642 TI - Acoustic neurinoma, an unusual appearance in CT-scan. PMID- 3488641 TI - Antipyretic effect of indomethacin in malignant lymphoma. AB - Fifteen patients with lymphoid malignancies and tumour-related fever (greater than 38.0 degrees C) were given 50 mg indomethacin (IM) orally. This resulted in a reduction of body temperature in all cases (mean +/- SD 3.4 +/- 2.0 degrees C). In one patient with untreated Hodgkin's disease, temperature fell from 40.6 degrees C to 30.6 degrees C within 12 hours without any cardiovascular or respiratory distress. The lytic effect of IM on fever was more pronounced and more rapid in the 15 patients with lymphoma than in a group of 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction. IM therapy has a clear value in relieving tumour associated fever in patients with malignant lymphoma. There may be a qualitative difference between the IM response of tumour-related fever and fever related to non-malignant diseases. PMID- 3488643 TI - Alcohol and drug use among "street" adolescents. AB - Studies of adolescent alcohol use typically sample intact high school populations. This study assessed "street" adolescents alienated from the mainstream educational system. Despite recent optimism regarding adolescent substance use, these respondents showed considerable alcohol consumption, drinking to get drunk, and problems. The major correlates of substance abuse were "personal" drinking motives, expectancies of alcohol effects and peer behavior. Thus, adolescents who would not appear in typical studies showed much stronger alcohol involvement than the general population, with individual differences best accounted for by attitude variables relevant to a "stress-vulnerability" approach to substance abuse. PMID- 3488645 TI - The status of MRI in 1986: rates of adoption in the United States and worldwide. AB - To determine the status of diffusion of MR imagers worldwide at the end of 1985, a survey of all known MRI manufacturers was conducted in January 1986. The results indicate that 371 (73%) of the 511 MR imagers installed worldwide at the end of 1985 were in the United States. The number of MR imagers installed in the United States more than tripled in 1985, with an increasing tendency toward use of superconducting magnets and installation of MR imagers in outpatient settings. Despite the recent implementation of prospective payment in the United States, MR imagers are diffusing widely, although not as rapidly as CT scanners a decade ago. PMID- 3488644 TI - Adolescent alcoholism in Benin City, Nigeria. AB - The consumption of alcohol by Nigerian adolescents is investigated. Adolescence and alcoholism as applied in this study are defined, and the financial costs and physical and mental effects of alcohol use are described. The author used unobtrusive methods to gather data, visiting three nightclubs and an amusement park where alcohol is served in order to observe and interview adolescents. The findings show that adolescents begin drinking at an early age and consume large quantities of beer. The findings are consistent with those of other epidemiological studies. Finally, recommendations for controlling adolescent alcohol use are made. PMID- 3488646 TI - Segmental bronchovascular anatomy of the lower lobes: CT analysis. AB - A systematic evaluation of the anatomic relationships of the segmental bronchi, arteries, and veins of 107 right and 113 left lower lobes was made from CT scans of patients with normal chest radiographs. The classic taxonomies of Boyden and Jackson and Huber were used for nomenclature. Identification of individual structures was based primarily on careful analysis of contiguous CT slices. The frequency of identification of each of the major segmental bronchi and their corresponding arteries was established, and variations in the number and position of arteries were recorded at four transverse levels on the right side and three levels on the left side. The segmental venous tributaries of the inferior pulmonary vein were also identified. Although there is considerable constancy in the anatomy of the lower lobe segments, variation from the dominant pattern occurred in as many as 20% of cases. Sometimes major segmental bronchi were not identified and presumably varied in their origin. The segmental arteries may be single, duplicate, or even triplicate. Within the segments, the arteries generally lie toward the lung periphery relative to their corresponding bronchi, thus being anterior, lateral, or posterior. The segmental veins generally lie central to their bronchi, thus being posterior, medial, or anterior. Knowledge of prevailing patterns and variant appearances of the lower-lobe vascular structures can be helpful in interpreting CT scans. Such knowledge is a prerequisite for the identification of pulmonary nodules in the vicinity of vascular structures and the recognition of intersegmental lymph nodes and aberrant vessels. PMID- 3488648 TI - Radiologic contributions to cancer management. Lung metastases. PMID- 3488647 TI - Mediastinal lymph node detection and sizing at CT and autopsy. AB - Although CT has assumed a major role in the preoperative evaluation of the mediastinum in patients with lung carcinoma, there is no consensus as to its accuracy or efficacy in this setting. A potential source of CT error is inaccurate detection or sizing of lymph nodes in particular mediastinal locations because of inadequate contrast with surrounding tissue or partial volume effects. We imaged five cadavers with CT and then meticulously dissected the mediastinal nodes. The nodes were measured and categorized by using the lymph node mapping scheme of the American Thoracic Society. The short axis nodal diameter was the best CT predictor of nodal volume. Excellent correlation was found between CT and autopsy for lymph node detection in right-sided mediastinal lymph nodes; poorer CT/autopsy correlation was found for left-sided lymph nodes, especially in the lower left peribronchial region. These findings suggest that CT may be less accurate in identifying left-sided mediastinal metastases. PMID- 3488649 TI - Calcified ascending aorta after radiation therapy. PMID- 3488650 TI - The dense mammogram. PMID- 3488651 TI - Stationary and moving mammography grids: comparative radiation dose. AB - Mammography without a grid and with both a stationary and a moving grid was performed on 46 women. Mean gland dose to the breast was increased two to four times using either grid. Grid lines were apparent on films obtained with a stationary grid, but were not seen on those obtained with a moving grid. Although the radiation dose is the same with both grids, differences in the design of the two devices may lead to a personal preference in deciding which grid to use. PMID- 3488652 TI - MRI of indeterminate adrenal masses. AB - The histologic type of adrenal tumors can be accurately predicted by MRI on the basis of their signal intensity on a T2-weighted image. However, a small but significant number of nonfunctioning adenomas, carcinomas, and metastases cannot be differentiated because they have similar signal intensities on a spin-echo 2500/80 scan. Eight (21%) of 38 of these tumors fell into this group. Differentiation between incidental adenomas and metastases can be conclusively achieved only when the primary neoplasm can also be imaged and displays high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. PMID- 3488653 TI - MRI with surface coils for parathyroid tumors: preliminary investigation. AB - The ability of MRI to detect parathyroid gland enlargement was assessed using 1.5 T systems and surface coil reception. Nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied before surgical neck exploration. Five millimeter-thick axial images were obtained from the thyroid cartilage to the sternal notch. Both T1 and T2 contrast-weighted spin-echo sequences were performed in most cases. MRI correctly identified six out of seven parathyroid adenomas. In the false-negative case, T2 contrast-weighted sequences were not performed for technical reasons. In the one case of surgically proven parathyroid hyperplasia, a lesion identified by MRI as a parathyroid adenoma coincided at surgery with the largest of three hyperplastic parathyroid glands. A single case demonstrated a potential pitfall in the search for ectopic parathyroid glands: A large colloid cyst in the posterior portion of the thyroid gland showed signal characteristics indistinguishable from a parathyroid adenoma. The enlarged parathyroid glands were best visualized on T2 contrast-weighted sequences, with the lesions demonstrating greater signal than surrounding tissues. PMID- 3488655 TI - Technical note. A new needle for puncture biopsy. PMID- 3488654 TI - Plain film evaluation of patients with abdominal pain: are three radiographs necessary? AB - Current recommendations for the plain radiographic evaluation of abdominal pain suggest a minimum three-film series including an erect and supine abdominal view and an erect chest study. Three film radiographic abdominal "series" were obtained in 252 consecutive emergency-room patients who presented with abdominal pain. The views were analyzed independently for their relative diagnostic value. Radiologic pathologic findings were present in 20% of the abdominal films and in 13% of the chest radiographs. The supine abdominal view and the erect chest study diagnosed normality or abnormality in 98% of these patients. The elimination of the erect abdominal view from the routine abdominal series could result in financial savings, decreased radiation exposure, and a more efficient use of technician time, without significant loss of diagnostic information. PMID- 3488656 TI - Perspective: three-dimensional imaging of the musculoskeletal system. AB - An evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders in 202 patients using three dimensional CT displays has revealed the usefulness of the technique, especially in patients with fractures of skeletal areas with complex anatomy, articular disorders of the hip, and spinal stenosis. In some cases, plastic models of diseased areas have been created from the CT data and are reasonably accurate, providing a graphic representation of the disease and the ability to perform rehearsal surgery. A preliminary investigation of three-dimensional displays of MR images indicates that the technique is feasible, although its clinical practicality requires further analysis. PMID- 3488657 TI - MRI in stress fracture. PMID- 3488659 TI - The radiographic characterization of burst fractures of the spine. AB - A retrospective review of 75 burst fractures of the spine was performed to define the radiographic features found on high-resolution CT, polytomography, and plain radiography and thereby allow full characterization of this uncommon spinal injury. Characteristic components of the injury include: centripetally oriented disruption of the vertebral body, unilateral or bilateral laminar fractures that abut the spinous process, marked anterior wedging, vertically oriented vertebral fracture emanating from the basivertebral foramen, increased interpediculate distance, and significant spinal canal narrowing by characteristic retropulsed fragments. Nearly all bursts occurred from T9 to L5; double bursts were present in less than 10% of cases. The usually present neurologic deficit nearly always corresponded to the level of the burst rather than to the frequently found noncontiguous associated spine fracture. Recent literature suggests that these complex fractures, which were initially thought to represent stable injuries, are often unstable. A subcategorization of burst fractures and their variants is proposed to explain this instability. An approach to the radiographic diagnosis of the spinal burst is proposed, and plain film clues to distinguish the burst fracture from the more common compression fracture are discussed. Representative cases are illustrated. PMID- 3488658 TI - Multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical correlation. AB - Fifty-three consecutive patients with suspected multiple sclerosis were studied to determine if the extent of disease apparent on MRI correlated with the clinical severity of the disease. MRI images were evaluated and compared with an assessment of the patient's disability using three neurologic rating scales. The severity of the disease seen on MRI showed a strong statistically significant correlation (p = 0.0001) with two of the three methods of clinical evaluation and a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) with the third rating scale. The severity of disease shown on MRI correlated only weakly (p = 0.05) with the length of time the patients had been symptomatic. Normal controls did not show any abnormality characteristic of multiple sclerosis on MRI or on neurologic exam. PMID- 3488660 TI - CT of extraarachnoid metrizamide instillation. AB - Because CT of spinal extraarachnoid metrizamide collections may be misleading, we reviewed the postmetrizamide CT scans of 425 patients in order to characterize the appearance of subdural or epidural metrizamide. Eight patients were found to have extraarachnoid metrizamide contrast collections. In all patients, both the subarachnoid space and the extraarachnoid collection were opacified with metrizamide. In seven patients, a subdural collection of metrizamide created a mass upon the opacified subarachnoid space. Three of these subdural collections were less dense than the opacified subarachnoid compartment and simulated soft tissue disease, including tumor and an arteriovenous malformation. The hypodense collections are probably a result of leakage of metrizamide and cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal needle defect. CT clues for diagnosing these potentially misleading subdural collections include preservation of the normal dural and epidural interface, identification of small islands of metrizamide within a suspected soft-tissue "mass," the presence of concomitant epidural contrast material collections, and the absence of adjacent vertebral-body destruction. PMID- 3488661 TI - CT evaluation of effects of cranial radiation therapy in children. AB - A retrospective evaluation was completed of 49 children who received conventional cranial radiation therapy for primary central nervous system and/or skull-base neoplasia and who had follow-up CT studies. In these children, abnormalities in normal parenchyma away from the tumor itself were surprisingly frequent, with or without chemotherapy. Generalized volume loss or atrophy was the most frequent abnormality (51%), but in this population it may have resulted from a variety of causes. Calcification in nontumorous parenchyma was common (28%) with or without chemotherapy. The most frequent site of calcification was subcortical at the gray white junction. Calcification was progressive over 1-2 years and correlated pathologically with mineralizing microangiopathy and dystrophic calcification with demyelination. White-matter abnormalities other than those associated with shunt malfunction and tumor edema occurred in 26% of the patients. Both white matter abnormalities and calcification occurred predominantly in younger children, particularly those under 3 years old at the time of radiation therapy. Of the 21 children who received chemotherapy in this series, only two received methotrexate. White-matter abnormalities and calcifications occurred with similar frequency in children with and without chemotherapy; thus, radiation therapy is the most likely cause of these findings. PMID- 3488662 TI - Gallium scintigraphy in the detection of amiodarone lung toxicity. AB - Fourteen gallium scans were obtained in 11 patients suspected of having amiodarone lung toxicity on the basis of clinical findings, pulmonary function tests, and chest radiographs. All 11 patients had abnormal scans. Gallium accumulates in various inflammatory and neoplastic lesions, but despite this nonspecificity, the findings suggest gallium scintigraphy is a useful procedure to detect amiodarone lung toxicity when used in the appropriate clinical setting. PMID- 3488663 TI - Demonstration of a cold abscess by gallium-67 imaging in a patient with Job syndrome. PMID- 3488664 TI - Thrombolysis of occluded femoropopliteal grafts. AB - In a series of 44 occluded femoropopliteal grafts, streptokinase was used for thrombolytic therapy in 22 cases and urokinase in 22 cases. In most cases, thrombolytic agents were administered via an indwelling arterial catheter directly into the proximal thrombus. The catheter tip was advanced as thrombolysis occurred. Compared with streptokinase infusions, urokinase bolus injection followed by infusion had better results (77% vs 41%) and fewer complications (23% vs 50%). During thrombolytic infusion, concomitant heparin infusion was usually used to reduce the frequency of thrombus formation on the infusion catheter or recurrent thrombosis of the graft, once the tip of the infusion catheter was advanced distally. Follow-up in 23 of 26 successful cases showed that 11 of the grafts remained open at an average follow-up of 12 months or until the patient died. The 12 grafts that reoccluded remained open an average of 3 months. In none of the 18 failures was simple surgical thrombectomy or thrombectomy with graft revision effective in revascularizing the distal limb. The advantages of thrombolysis compared with thrombectomy are less trauma to the graft, which is especially important in vein grafts, and improved distal runoff due to lysis of infrapopliteal thrombus. Even among cases considered failures in this series, the surgical approach was often simplified because of partial thrombolysis. Thrombolysis requires a considerable amount of time, effort, and expense, but in certain patients where thrombectomy is indicated for the treatment of occluded femoropopliteal grafts this technique offers important advantages. PMID- 3488666 TI - Unusual hepatic venous drainage in inferior vena cava obstruction: demonstration by MRI. PMID- 3488665 TI - Histologic analysis of tissue response to bucrylate-pantopaque mixture. AB - A toxicologic-pathologic study of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate) was carried out first in dogs and then in humans whose arteriovenous malformations were infused with this embolic agent. The canine specimens obtained at 7, 18, 28, and 147 days after embolization showed the development of a mild histiocytic giant cell reaction, which evolved to end-state sclerotic arteritis. The response was confined to the vessels and did not involve contiguous parenchymal tissues. Ten human specimens, obtained from 1 hr to 7 years after treatment, showed a similar bland reaction with no evidence of suppuration or premalignant changes. PMID- 3488667 TI - Radiologic consultation: its application to an acute care surgical ward. AB - Over an 8-month period, all requests for imaging tests on an acute care surgical ward were discussed and approved by a radiologist who made daily rounds with the surgical staff. Compared with an equivalent interval before the start of the consultation service, the number of sonograms, CT scans, scintigrams, and barium studies decreased significantly, while the number of endoscopic procedures remained constant. The average length of stay was shortened by 2.8 days during the experimental period. PMID- 3488668 TI - Comparison costs for Hemoccult tests. PMID- 3488669 TI - M-cholinergic receptors in mice B-lymphocytes in the process of immune response. AB - With the help of the radioactive blocker of M-cholinergic receptors 3H Quinuclidinil benzylate their quantity was determined on B-lymphocytes of CBA mice spleen. On the 3rd and 4th day after immunization with ovalbumin the number of M-cholinergic receptors became somewhat higher. The specific antigen decreased the expression of M-cholinergic receptors on B-lymphocytes most of all on the 4th day after immunization, and did not have any effect on this indicator in control animals. This testifies to the possibility of steric interaction between the antigen binding immunoglobulin and M-cholinergic receptors on B-lymphocytes during the immune reaction. PMID- 3488670 TI - Intraoperative assessment of left ventricular heterogeneity. AB - To evaluate regional differences in thickness and systolic function of human myocardium perfused by angiographically normal coronary arteries in valvular and ischemic heart disease, we performed intraoperative epicardial M-mode mapping of ventriculographically normal wall regions (perfused by normal coronary arteries) in 22 subjects undergoing either coronary bypass surgery for stenoses in other vessels (n = 15) or mitral (n = 5) and/or aortic valve replacement (n = 4). In patients in whom both anterior and inferior walls were ventriculographically normal and normally perfused (n = 6), comparison of the two walls showed the anterior wall to be thicker at both end diastole and end systole, but there was no difference in the percentage of systolic thickening. Analysis of myocardium along the long axis revealed apical sites to be thinner than basal sites at both end diastole and end systole. Percentage of systolic thickening was also increased at apical sites. In patients in whom only the anterior wall was normal, a similar decrease in anterior wall thickness was noted at the apex. Thus systematic regional heterogeneity along both the left ventricular major and minor axes is found in the chronically diseased human heart as it is in the normal heart. Assessment of myocardial structure and function and of the effects of therapeutic interventions must take this heterogeneity into account. PMID- 3488672 TI - Correlation of coronary angioscopic to angiographic findings in coronary artery disease. AB - An Olympus ultrathin fiberscope, 1.8 mm outer diameter, was inserted intraluminally into 11 stenoses of the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries in 8 patients at coronary bypass surgery. Intraluminal views were obtained by coupling the angioscope to a color video camera and videotape recorder, and compared with preoperative coronary angiographic findings in right and left anterior oblique views. Atherosclerotic plaque was observed as yellow white mass attached onto the luminal lining, which may be large enough to virtually obliterate the vascular lumen. Angioscopy provided a topographic view and cross-sectional picture of stenosis not observed by angiography. Single-plane angioscopic cross-sectional stenotic lumens correlated well (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001) with calculated angiographic luminal narrowings. However, with subtotal obstruction, lesion length must be assessed angiographically. Coronary angioscopy can be a useful adjunct to angiography by providing the added dimension of the true cross-sectional view of obstruction. PMID- 3488673 TI - Histiocytosis X of the thymus in association with myasthenia gravis. AB - A patient with myasthenia gravis underwent thymectomy following the failure of medical treatment. The thymus was normal except for four nodules, which, on histologic and electron microscopic examination, were found to consist of proliferative clusters of Langerhans' cells characteristic of histiocytosis X. This patient therefore had two disease processes in which thymic abnormalities are frequently encountered, but their simultaneous occurrence in the same patient has not hitherto been documented. The case is briefly discussed in the context of current concepts of the pathogenesis of histiocytosis X and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3488671 TI - Long-term survival of more than 2,000 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Among 2,004 patients who underwent their first coronary artery bypass graft operation between January 1970 and December 1980 without concomitant valve replacement or aneurysmectomy, life-table survival was 89% at 5 years and 80% at 8 years after surgery. In a multivariate Cox model analysis, the independent correlates of long-term survival were emergent operation with cardiogenic shock (multivariate mortality rate ratio [RR] = 14.0), use of a postoperative intraaortic balloon pump (RR = 3.9), ejection fraction less than 50% (RR = 2.4), preoperative history of congestive heart failure (RR = 2.2), cardiopulmonary bypass time (RR = 1.4 for each 30-minute increment), uncorrected mitral regurgitation (RR = 1.5 for each increment of angiographic gradation), left main coronary artery narrowing (RR = 1.7) and diabetes (RR = 1.6). After controlling for these factors, age, sex and the percentage of narrowings that were bypassed were not independent correlates of long-term survival. PMID- 3488674 TI - Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for controlling pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was assessed for its effect on periodontal pain associated with orthodontic separation. Forty-five adult subjects were randomly assigned to a TENS group, a placebo TENS group, and a control group. They were further subdivided into intraoral and extraoral electrode placement, and 1-, 2-, and 3-day treatment duration groups. In each patient orthodontic separators were placed mesial and distal to the upper first molars, bilaterally. Subjects were asked to rate their discomfort every 12 hours for 4 days with a 10 cm visual analogue scale. The results showed a significant decrease in reported pain for those subjects in the TENS group at the 24-, 36-, and 48-hour assessment periods as compared to either the placebo or control group. In the control group postseparation discomfort continued through the 60 hour assessment period. The present study suggests that TENS is an effective nonpharmacologic method of controlling postadjustment tooth pain. PMID- 3488675 TI - Buccal cellulitis reevaluated. AB - We studied 72 children (17 prospectively) with acute buccal cellulitis. The median age was 11 months. Fifty-five percent of patients were bacteremic, and three children without meningeal signs or symptoms had concomitant meningitis. Cellulitis aspirate cultures (eight of 35 positive) and urine bacterial antigen tests (13 of 27 positive) were useful in making an etiologic diagnosis. Infections due to other bacteria were clinically indistinguishable from those due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. The right cheek was affected more often than the left, and only 23 (32%) of 72 patients had otitis media ipsilateral to the involved cheek. The pathogenesis of buccal cellulitis likely involves direct mucous membrane invasion rather than spread from the ipsilateral middle ear. PMID- 3488676 TI - Bacterial meningitis in Arizona American Indian children. AB - Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Arizona infants and children. A retrospective review of 102 cases of meningitis occurring in the American Indian population documents the prevalence of the Haemophilus influenzae organism with a peak incidence in the first year of life. The rate of H influenzae resistance to ampicillin was 16%. Overall morbidity and mortality rates are comparable with reviews of diverse populations, but there is an exceptional mortality and prolonged hospitalization in patients less than 1 year of age. The development of an efficacious vaccine against H influenzae may substantially reduce and prevent this cause of meningitis. PMID- 3488677 TI - An unusual complication of chronic pancreatitis: a recanalized portal tree communicating with a pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - A patient with chronic pancreatitis was admitted for digestive bleeding from esophageal varices. Portal thrombosis and cavernomatous periportal collateral circulation were found at laparotomy. The partially recanalized portal tree was excluded from the portal circulation and filled with pancreatic juice due to a communication with a pancreatic pseudocyst. Splenectomy, partial left pancreatectomy, Roux en Y pancreatico-cysto-jejunostomy, and external drainage of the portal tree were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is symptom-free and doing well 2 yr after surgery. PMID- 3488678 TI - Progressive and fatal course of a patient with a multifocal leiomyomatous tumor. AB - The case history of a 53-yr-old woman exhibiting the progressive appearance of several hundreds of subcutaneous leiomyomatous tumors in a 15-yr period is presented. The occurrence of multiple tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, and retroperitoneum, necessitated several laparotomies because of pain and chronic blood loss. On light microscopy high mitotic activity, which is generally a characteristic of sarcoma, was only encountered in lesions, surgically removed a few months before death. It is argued that our patient suffered from multiple leiomyomatous tumors with progressive growth capacity, which may represent a multifocal origin rather than a metastasized sarcoma. PMID- 3488679 TI - Gastric "tattooing": a technique for anatomic localization of small bleeding lesions. PMID- 3488680 TI - Studies of the effects of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole on human granulopoiesis. AB - Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim r) is a widely used antibiotic combination effective against a broad spectrum of microbial organisms. There are reports of neutropenia developing during even brief periods of oral therapy, particularly in individuals with either folate deficiency or increased folate requirements. We have investigated the effects of these drugs on circulating granulocyte precursors (CFU-C) from normal donors and the mechanism of inhibition on granulopoiesis using an in vitro CFU-C assay. In 12 healthy adults, the number of circulating granulocytes and granulocyte progenitors was not significantly altered by a 5-day course of therapy. However, in experiments that simulated the in vivo condition of folate deficiency (folate-free cultures were prepared with cells harvested from normal donors), trimethoprim (8 micrograms/ml) resulted in a 47% decrease in the total number of colonies; this inhibitory effect was prevented when 100 ng of folinic acid was also added to the culture. Sulfamethoxazole (40 micrograms/ml) had no discernible effect on granulopoiesis. The combination of 8 micrograms/ml of trimethoprim and 40 micrograms/ml of sulfamethoxazole resulted in a 52% decrease in the number of colonies generated and this inhibition was again prevented by folinic acid. Our results suggest that the neutropenia occasionally observed in patients treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is due to the inhibitory effects on granulopoiesis by trimethoprim, namely its antifolate action, which is reversed by folinic acid. Based on these studies, in patients with either folate deficiency or increased folate requirements, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be used with caution. PMID- 3488681 TI - Mortality in police and firefighters in New Jersey. AB - A proportionate mortality study of police and firefighters in New Jersey was conducted using the records of a comprehensive retirement system. Three reference populations were used: U.S. general population, New Jersey general population, and police as a reference group for the firefighters. Overall neither group differed from the New Jersey male population in the cause of death. Analyses by latency showed an increase in skin cancer and cirrhosis in firefighters and cirrhosis in police. With increased time from first employment, an inverse association was found between heart disease and time of first exposure. This was reflected in statistically significant increased proportionate mortality rates (PMR) for arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) (ICD 410-414) for both working police (PMR = 1.15) and firefighters (PMR = 1.2). Retired police and firefighters had PMRs of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Firefighters had a significant increase in nonmalignant respiratory disease (PMR = 1.98) and leukemia (PMR = 2.76) when the police were used as a reference group. Potential causes of the above findings are discussed. PMID- 3488682 TI - Severe deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with cutaneous vasculitis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and colitis. PMID- 3488683 TI - Pregnancy in a patient with a history of myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - A 37-year-old woman conceived after experiencing a myocardial infarction and undergoing three-vessel aortocoronary artery bypass grafting. Pregnancy was complicated by angina, which was successfully treated with propranolol and bed rest. At term the patient underwent vaginal delivery, without evidence of intrapartum myocardial ischemia or failure. PMID- 3488684 TI - Electroretinograms in carriers of blue cone monochromatism. AB - We recorded full-field electroretinograms from seven female obligate carriers of X-linked blue cone monochromatism and eight daughters of obligate carriers. We observed that all obligate carriers had one or more of the following abnormalities: delayed cone b-wave implicit times to 30-Hz white flicker, loss of the a1 oscillation in responses to single flashes of white light under dark adapted conditions, subnormal b-wave amplitudes to single flashes of white light under dark-adapted conditions, and subnormal cone responses to 30-Hz white flicker. All had normal rod responses to blue light. Three of eight daughters of obligate carriers had abnormal electroretinograms comparable to those recorded from obligate carriers. These obligate carriers have a partial but comparable deficiency of red and green cone function. PMID- 3488685 TI - The ability of protan color defectives to perform color-dependent air traffic control tasks. AB - Air traffic controllers perform a variety of tasks which require them to identify, discriminate and name colors. Qualification standards for this occupation require applicants to have normal color vision. Although the validity of this standard has been questioned, Adams and Tague recently presented evidence in this Journal (1985;62:744-50) that protanopes cannot perform color-dependent air traffic control tasks reliably. In our study, the results of 7 severe and 2 moderate protans are compared to those of 78 normals on a set of tasks which simulated critical tasks performed daily by air traffic controllers. The four tasks included discriminating red from black pencil marks on flight progress strips, color-naming of 1(0) and 0.1(0) discs, and identification of colored line segments embedded in a multi-colored background. The severe protans we tested performed none of the tasks as well as normals. While the performance of the moderate protans was better, statistical conclusions could not be drawn. Our set of tasks bears many similarities to the set used by Adams and Tague and it appears we were trying to answer the same questions. The results of the two studies are similar and the conclusions are the same: severe protans cannot perform color-dependent air traffic control tasks reliably. PMID- 3488686 TI - Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma. A novel B-cell neoplasm. AB - Monocytoid B lymphocytes (MBLs), originally described as part of the histologic picture of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis, have been recognized as a reactive component in a variety of lymph node disorders. The authors now report 3 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which a multidisciplinary approach allowed them to confirm the existence of a malignant lymphoma composed of the neoplastic counterpart of the MBLs found in nonneoplastic disorders. In all 3 cases, the lymphoma was composed of a relatively monomorphous infiltrate of atypical MBLs that had rather uniform-appearing nuclei and had well-defined, moderately abundant pale cytoplasm. The pattern of lymph node involvement in all 3 cases was predominantly sinusoidal and interfollicular. The neoplastic lymphoid cells were strongly positive for B-cell-restricted antigens; the light- and heavy-chain phenotypes were kappa-IgM (2 cases) and kappa-IgG (1 case). In all 3 cases, rearrangement of heavy- and/or light-chain genes was clearly identified by Southern blot hybridization. The name "monocytoid B-cell lymphoma" is proposed for this newly described malignant B-cell neoplasm. PMID- 3488687 TI - Identification of lymphohemopoietic cells in the kidneys of normal rats. AB - Recently developed monoclonal antibodies against rat lymphohematopoietic cells provide ideal probes for study of the role of the cellular immune system in experimental renal disease. Techniques for optimal and reliable labeling of cells present within the glomeruli have not yet been established. In this study it is shown that a small number of lymphoid and mononuclear cells can be identified within normal rat glomeruli present on frozen kidney sections (4 mu) when indirectly stained with monoclonal antibody W3/13, W3/25, OX1, OX3, or OX8 with the use of sequential incubations with F(ab')2 fragments of 2 fluorochrome labeled antibodies, the nuclear stain ethidium bromide, and p-phenylenediamine added to retard fluorescence quenching. Cell counts showed good correlation with those obtained with the use of intact glomeruli isolated simultaneously from the same kidneys (r = 0.95 for saline-perfused kidneys; r = 0.99 for exsanguinated kidneys). Studies using isolated glomeruli pretreated with trypsin and DNAase failed to provide any advantage, because the enzymes did not enhance cellular reactivity with W3/13, OX8, or OX3, whereas the W3/25-reactive epitope was completely destroyed. It was only the OX1-reactive epitope which was enhanced by enzyme pretreatment. Thus, the described technique can accurately quantitate glomerular lymphohemopoietic cells on sections of frozen kidney and should provide a reliable method for the study of renal disease. PMID- 3488688 TI - Rehabilitation of radical mastoidectomy. AB - Radical mastoidectomy has for years been the method chosen for the treatment of chronic middle ear disease. The numerous inflammatory problems linked to this cavity have been dealt with differently by various authors. We have examined the literature and refer to our own data, from a study carried out in twenty-four subjects, showing unsatisfactory results subsequent to a previous radical mastoidectomy. In ten of these subjects, middle ear cleft reconstruction was performed using a posterior canal wall prosthesis in Ceravital; in the remaining fourteen subjects complete obliteration with costal cartilage and a mixture of bone pate and fibrin glue (Tissucol) was carried out. In both groups the reconstruction of the conductive system was carried out by the insertion of total or partial ossicular replacement prostheses in Plastipore. The comparison of findings in the two groups revealed slightly better functional results in all two stage procedures and in reconstructions performed with Ceravital. However, the one-stage procedure proved to be equally effective in resolving the inflammatory problems. PMID- 3488689 TI - Auditory brain stem response wave IV-V abnormalities from the ear opposite large cerebellopontine lesions. AB - This report focuses on auditory brain stem response (ABR) from the ear contralateral to large cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. Specifically, eleven of fifteen patients with large CPA tumors demonstrated contralateral ABRs for which wave IV and/or V were abnormal, while waves I and III were normal. In some cases, waves IV and/or V were absent, while in other cases one or both waves were delayed. The clinical interpretation for this type of ABR finding and the possible implications in relation to generator sites of the various ABR waves are discussed. PMID- 3488690 TI - Applications of magnetic resonance imaging in otology. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) has been employed for the study of patients with peripheral and retrolabyrinthine otologic pathology. Its usefulness has been compared with that of computed tomography (CT). CT remains at present the best study for the assessment of patients with conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss or vestibular disorders of the peripheral type. However, MR is the study of choice of retrolabyrinthine pathology occurring in the internal auditory canals, cerebellopontine cisterns, and brainstem. PMID- 3488691 TI - Autogenous fibrin glue in tympanoplasty. PMID- 3488692 TI - Ontogeny of heart rate regulation in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Heart rate (fH) at 20-23 degrees C was recorded in six different developmental stages of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (n = 104, body mass 40 mg to 90 g), at rest after normoxic acclimation, during acute changes in O2 availability, and after brief but intense activity. The effects of cholinergic blockade and combined cholinergic and beta-adrenergic blockade on the response to this experimental protocol were also assessed. Mild tonic vagal inhibition of fH was evident during larval development but disappeared after metamorphosis. There was no tonic sympathetic stimulation of fH at rest in any developmental stage. Intense activity produced a tachycardia in all developmental stages but newly hatched larvae. In adults, tachycardia during activity resulted from beta adrenergic stimulation but in larvae may have resulted from the direct effects of increased venous return stretching the cardiac pacemaker. Neither acute hypoxia or hyperoxia affected fH in any developmental stage, with the single exception of a severe depression of fH occurring at a PO2 of 30 Torr in newly hatched larvae. These results indicate that, although the heart of the newly hatched larvae is essentially devoid of regulation, cholinergic and beta-adrenergic mechanisms for reflex regulation of fH appear early in larval development. These mechanisms, although most fully expressed in the adult bullfrog, are essentially intact before metamorphosis of the larva. PMID- 3488693 TI - Suppression of post-vasectomy cytotoxic sperm antibody formation in rats by a short-term pretreatment with cyclosporine. AB - The effect of a short pulse therapy with cyclosporine on the production of vasectomy-induced cytotoxic sperm antibodies was studied in Lewis rats. Cyclosporine at a dose of 10 mg/kg was administered once daily for 7 days before and 7 days after vasectomy (group A), for 7 days before vasectomy (group B), and for 7 days after vasectomy (group C). Ten rats were studied in each group for a period of 5 weeks. Ten rats were vasectomized and untreated with cyclosporine (group U). All animals in this group developed high titers of cytotoxic sperm antibodies at the end of the first week after vasectomy (primary antibody response). In contrast, all the treated rats of groups A, B, and C had a normal range of sperm antibody titers. By the third week, six of nine rats in the post treated group C had significant cytotoxic sperm antibody titers, while the other groups had normal antibody titers. In the fourth week, all the rats of groups A and B continued to have normal sperm antibody titers of less than or equal to 16, while most animals in groups C (78%) and U (63%) had significant cytotoxic sperm antibody titers. It is concluded that prevasectomy treatment with cyclosporine may significantly reduce or delay the production of cytotoxic sperm antibodies in Lewis rats. PMID- 3488694 TI - Flow cytometry in lymphoma. PMID- 3488696 TI - Tracheal rupture in an intubated critically ill patient. PMID- 3488695 TI - [Isoflurane: coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease]. AB - The effects of isoflurane on myocardial oxygen uptake, metabolism and coronary blood flow (argon washin-technique) were studied in 10 patients undergoing three vessel coronary artery bypass surgery. All patients were men with stable angina and normal left ventricular function and were receiving maintenance doses of beta receptor antagonists or calcium channel blocking drugs. Anaesthesia consisted of isoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Measurements were performed and blood samples were taken with the patients awake, 20 min after induction of anaesthesia without surgical stimulation, and during sternotomy and sternal spread. End-tidal isoflurane concentrations averaged 0.4% after induction of anaesthesia and 1.5% during sternotomy. Isoflurane significantly decreased myocardial blood flow by 18% following induction of anaesthesia, while sternotomy increased myocardial blood flow to pre-induction levels. Induction decreased myocardial oxygen uptake by 32%, while sternotomy increased oxygen uptake by 21% vs post-induction values. Myocardial uptake of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids and pyruvate significantly decreased after induction and increased to pre-induction levels during sternotomy. Myocardial lactate production, indicating myocardial ischaemia, was observed in 1 patient after induction and in three patients during sternotomy; three additional patients demonstrated a marked reduction in myocardial lactate uptake after induction and during sternotomy. It is concluded that all changes in myocardial metabolism, oxygen uptake and coronary blood flow were the result of a decrease in haemodynamic load on the myocardium and reduced contractility, while the increase in these parameters during sternotomy was due to an increase in myocardial work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488698 TI - Extensive genetic polymorphism of four plasma alpha-protease inhibitors in pigs and evidence for tight linkage between the structural loci of these inhibitors. AB - Two-dimensional horizontal gel electrophoresis of pig plasma samples (under non denaturing conditions) using Immobiline pH gradient gels 4.0-6.0 for the first dimension separation, resulted in clear resolution of the variants of four different alpha-protease inhibitors (protease inhibitor -1 and -2, PI1 and PI2; post-albumin -1A and -1B, PO1A and PO1B). All these variants were readily visualized by general protein staining. About 900 families each of Swedish Landrace (SL) and Yorkshire (SY) breeds were studied. The extensive inheritance data, including the recombinants encountered, indicated that each of these four inhibitors is controlled by a separate, autosomal locus and that the four loci are tightly linked (spread over a distance of 1-1.5 cM) with the order as Pi1 Po1A-Po1B-Pi2. The alleles observed were two of Pi1, 14 of Po1A, 11 of Po1B and 8 of Pi2. About 40 haplotypes were observed in each of the two breeds. The allele frequencies at Po1A, Po1B and Pi2 loci were remarkably different in the two breeds; the alleles at these three loci showed a very strong linkage disequilibrium (0.8-1.0). The females showed much higher recombination frequencies than the males in the Po1A-Pi2 interval, suggesting that gene conversion-like events may be occurring at these loci. This linkage in pigs and similar ones comprising some plasma alpha-protease inhibitor genes in humans and in rodents, reported recently in the literature, indicate evolutionary conservation of a homologous linkage group in these species. PMID- 3488697 TI - Application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in dentistry. AB - TENS is extremely useful in some dental procedures, such as TMJ syndrome and tooth extraction; however, its use is not practical in all situations. The dentist must remember that TENS is an adjunctive form of treatment. It is not a panacea for all types of pain, nor should it be used as a last resort. When applied correctly and with care, TENS is useful in the management of pain in the head and face. PMID- 3488699 TI - Hazardous effects due to alkaline button battery ingestion: an experimental study. AB - This study was performed to clarify the mechanism and extent of mucosal injury following button battery ingestion. After surgical implantation of several commercially available button batteries in the stomach or appendix of rats, battery voltage, mucosal pH, and histopathologic change were assessed at eight, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Prior to leakage of the alkali from the battery cell there was a reduction in battery voltage, a rise in mucosal pH, and often ulceration or perforation in the digestive tract due to discharge (electrolytic reaction) from the battery. The extent of mucosal injury varied with battery type. Perforation and death were seen in some animals. The extent of mucosal injury was similar in fasted and nonfasted animals. Electrolytic reactions and mucosal injury occurred in both acidic and nonacidic gastrointestinal sites. PMID- 3488700 TI - Immunomodulation in weanling swine with dietary selenium. AB - The capability of dietary selenium (Se) to augment the immune response was evaluated in 96 crossbred weanling swine. Six groups of 16 pigs were fed diets with Se supplemented as sodium selenite at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 mg/kg. The basal diet contained 0.068 mg of Se/kg. Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were similar for all diets. Whole blood concentrations of Se linearly increased as the dietary concentrations of Se increased. The humoral response was monitored by immunoglobulin G titers to lysozyme and ribonuclease, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although no significant difference in immunoglobulin G titers to either antigen was detected among diets, a similar trend in antibody response was noted. The diet with 0.9 mg of added Se/kg produced the highest antibody response to both antigens, whereas the diet with 0.3 mg of added Se/kg produced the lowest titers for both antigens. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in the pigs by the dermal response to phytohemagglutinin. Significant difference was not detected in pigs fed the various diets in terms of the mean diameters of their dermal reactions to phytohemagglutinin injections. Although blood concentrations of Se were increased, rate and efficiency of weight gain and humoral and cell-mediated immunity were not significantly improved by adding 0.3 to 1.5 mg of Se/kg to diets. PMID- 3488701 TI - Cytotoxicity of bovine lymphocytes after treatment with lymphokines. AB - Cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes after in vitro stimulation with lymphokines that contained interleukin 2. Lymphokine-stimulated cultures were cytotoxic to K562 cells (human natural killer [NK] targets) and YAC-1 cells (mouse NK targets), but not to HSB-2 cells (human NK targets) in a 4-hour, 51Cr-release assay. Cells generated after lymphokine activation also mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to HSB-2 cells. Appearance of effector cells as a function of time in culture, method of stimulation, and cold target competition experiments strongly indicated that direct cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity may have been mediated by the same cell. Cells generated by similar conditions were able to mediate cytotoxicity against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-infected target cells, especially in an 18-hour assay. PMID- 3488702 TI - Methylene blue decreases the functional activity of alpha-1-protease inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage. AB - Methylene blue, used as an external marker for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in a concentration of 1 microgram/ml, reduced the functional activity of BAL alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in 2 healing nonsmokers who each had 2 BAL done, one with and the other without methylene blue. Inactivation of alpha 1-PI by methylene blue was confirmed by in vitro experiments on diluted serum and concentrated BAL incubated with methylene blue. Inactivation of alpha 1-PI is likely due to its oxidation by methylene blue, as suggested by the in vitro protective effect of dithiothreitol, a reducing agent. These observations indicate a need for caution when considering the use of methylene blue as an external marker for bronchoalveolar lavage. PMID- 3488703 TI - Estrogen-progesterone therapy for bleeding gastrointestinal telangiectasias in chronic renal failure. An uncontrolled trial. AB - Gastrointestinal telangiectasias cause hemorrhage in patients with chronic renal failure. Therapies using vasoconstrictors, endoscopic application of heat, and surgery have had limited efficacy. Because several reports have suggested that estrogen or estrogen-progesterone therapy may control mucosal bleeding from telangiectasias in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, we treated seven patients with chronic renal failure and bleeding gastrointestinal telangiectasias with systemic estrogen or estrogen-progesterone in an uncontrolled trial. Bleeding ceased in all patients. Blood transfusion requirements decreased from a mean of 1.2 U/month before treatment to 0.21 U/month after treatment. No significant side effects were noted. Results of this trial indicate the need for controlled investigations of this type of hormonal therapy. PMID- 3488704 TI - Estrogen therapy for bleeding gastrointestinal telangiectasias. PMID- 3488705 TI - [Value of intravenous digital angiography for studying aortocoronary bypass patency in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3488706 TI - [Activation of the complement system during extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 3488707 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass after thrombolysis during the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3488708 TI - Evaluation of rheumatic disorders in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Twenty-six consecutive patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were subjected to clinical, radiological and serological assessment for evidence of rheumatic disease. Seven patients had asymptomatic liver disease, while the rest had symptoms indicating varying stages of advanced disease. Of the 18 patients with arthropathy, in 13 there was considered to be an association between the arthropathy and PBC as no other underlying causes could be discovered. In about half of the patients the symptoms were episodic, while the others had chronic pain. Usually both large and small joints were affected bilaterally. The joint symptoms had an average duration of 5 years, and had started in all patients after the onset of the liver disease. All 7 patients with arthritis fulfilled the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Five patients were classified as definite or classical RA. Circulating immune complexes were present in 35% of all patients, but there was no correlation with the presence of arthropathy. Seven patients were HLA-B27 positive, of whom 4 had arthritis. The investigation demonstrates that rheumatic disorders are common in PBC patients, whether or not they are symptomatic, and sometimes joint symptoms may even dominate the clinical picture. PMID- 3488710 TI - Evaluation of computed tomography and radionuclide scanning in the staging of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was performed on 30 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as part of their pretreatment staging evaluation. Twenty-two patients also had liver-spleen radionuclide scans. Physical examination revealed limited cutaneous plaque disease in five patients, extensive plaque disease in 11 patients, cutaneous tumors in six patients, and exfoliative erythroderma in eight patients. Generalized palpable adenopathy was detected in 11 patients, localized palpable adenopathy in ten patients, and no adenopathy in nine patients. Peripheral lymph node biopsy specimens showed CTCL in seven patients and dermatopathic lymphadenitis or sinus histiocytosis in 17 patients. Two patients were at disease stage Ia, five were at stage Ib, seven were at stage IIa, two were at stage IIb, seven were at stage III, and seven were at stage IVa. The CT did not reveal intra-abdominal, retroperitoneal, or pelvic adenopathy, or hepatic or splenic abnormalities in any patient. Radionuclide scans demonstrated nonspecific abnormalities in five patients, but did not appear to reflect disease involvement. Computed tomography of the abdomen and liver spleen radionuclide scans should not be routine staging procedures for CTCL. PMID- 3488709 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in intractable partial epilepsy: correlative studies. AB - A study was performed evaluating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 35 patients with intractable complex partial seizures in whom computed tomographic (CT) scans showed no focal abnormalities. These results were correlated with positron emission tomography evaluation (PET), the electroencephalographic ictal onset, and findings during pathological examination. Seven patients had structural lesions that were epileptogenic, detected by MRI; the lesions were tuberous sclerosis, astrocytomas, or hamartomas. Three of these 7 patients underwent PET scanning, which was normal in all. Of 18 patients with mesial temporal sclerosis, 10 were shown by PET to have temporal lobe hypometabolism, though all 18 had normal MRI findings. The results indicate that MRI contributes information to that provided by CT and PET, by detecting nonsclerotic epileptogenic lesions of the temporal lobe. PMID- 3488711 TI - Histiocytosis X. PMID- 3488712 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. AB - We report two cases of meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. In one child the meningitis was preceded by pneumonia and pleural effusion. Both children responded to treatment with cefotaxime. PMID- 3488714 TI - Immunocytology of synovial fluid cells may be of diagnostic and prognostic value in arthritis. AB - Cells of the synovial fluid (SF) have been examined by immunocytochemical methods. Samples were aspirated from four groups of patients with knee effusions: (a) seropositive inflammatory arthritis (n = 9); (b) seronegative inflammatory arthritis (n = 9); (c) osteoarthritic patients (n = 5); and (d) patients with traumatised knees (n = 4). The proportions of lymphocyte and macrophage subsets within the SF were determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Patients with inflammatory arthritis had significantly larger proportions of activated T cells (RFT2+) and macrophages with the phenotype of interdigitating cells (RFD1+). No significant difference between groups could be found on differential count or when T4+/T8+ subset ratios were calculated. No significant difference in proportions of lymphocyte or macrophage subsets was found between the groups with seropositive and seronegative inflammatory arthritis. In two of three patients, where immunocytochemical analysis was performed before and after intra-articular steroids, reductions in the proportions of RFT2+ T cells and RFD1+ macrophage like cells were seen. It is suggested that such analysis may be of diagnostic or prognostic value. PMID- 3488713 TI - Immunogenetic heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Association of HLA-DR4/Dw4 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established, but conflicting data exist on a possible association with the severity of the disease, including its extra-articular manifestations. In order to investigate whether a subgroup of RA is preferentially associated with DR4, HLA typing was performed in two groups of patients with severe extra-articular manifestations (Felty's syndrome and histologically proved leucocytoclastic vasculitis), patients with severe joint destruction (seropositive and seronegative), a group with only mild joint destruction, and in healthy controls. The frequency of HLA DR4 was significantly raised in all patient groups compared with that in healthy controls. The two groups with severe extra-articular manifestations, however, both had a DR4 frequency of 92%, which was significantly (p = 0.002) higher than the 62.7% found in the remaining patients. No significant differences were observed between severe or mild joint destruction and seropositivity or seronegativity in the groups without the above-mentioned extra-articular manifestations. From these data we concluded that DR4 is preferentially associated with severe extra-articular disease manifestations of RA. This observation provides an immunogenetic basis for the disease heterogeneity and for the immunological analogy between RA and leprosy. PMID- 3488716 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27, and klebsiella: cross reactivity and antibody studies. PMID- 3488715 TI - Rheumatoid factor tests in the diagnosis and prediction of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Four assays of rheumatoid factor (RF) have been measured on serum from 213 individuals from 13 families containing at least two sufferers from classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Families were not uniformly RF positive or negative, and there was no evidence that non-RA RF positivity was inherited. Four individuals developed definite RA over a two year period, showing that the family members were at increased risk of RA. IgG RF and latex RF assays predicted the RA in the four cases. An association of RF positivity in RA with DR4 was observed, but this may be related to disease severity. PMID- 3488717 TI - Management during reoperation of aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts with minimal atherosclerosis by angiography. AB - The proper management of saphenous vein grafts showing minimal angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis at the time of reoperation for progressive atherosclerosis in the native coronary circulation or for severe atherosclerosis in other saphenous vein grafts is uncertain. Following the occlusion of vein grafts in 2 patients 7 and 12 years after operation but only 2 years after arteriography demonstrated no major abnormalities in the grafts, we adopted a policy of elective replacement of all saphenous vein grafts, irrespective of angiographic findings, when reoperation was necessary 5 or more years after the initial operation. Between July, 1984, and May, 1985, 16 patients had repeat coronary artery bypass grafting 6 to 13 years (mean, 9 years) after the initial procedure. Complete revascularization was carried out in all patients. In each, it included replacement of at least 1 saphenous vein graft showing no severe obstruction (less than 30% of the luminal diameter) and no (5 patients), minimal (8), or moderate (3) luminal irregularities by angiography. By pathological examination, 3 of the grafts had minimal, 5 had moderate, and 8 had severe atherosclerotic changes present. These changes were generally more diffuse than those observed by angiography. Because angiography underestimates the severity of the atherosclerotic degeneration in saphenous vein grafts and because of the propensity of the atherosclerotic disease to progress at an unpredictable rate, we recommend routine replacement of all saphenous vein grafts at the time of reoperation if done 5 or more years after the initial procedure. PMID- 3488718 TI - Morbidity and mortality of coronary artery surgery after the age of 70 years. AB - From January, 1977, to December, 1983, 102 patients aged 70 years or more underwent isolated aortocoronary bypass surgery. They were compared with a group of 100 consecutive patients of less than 70 years of age who underwent the same surgical procedure in 1983. The older group was consistently more diseased in regard to clinical incapacity, unstable angina, the number of coronary arteries involved, and the number of coronary bypasses performed. The incidence of substantial stenosis of the left main coronary artery among the older patients was twice that in the younger ones. There were 7 early deaths in the older group and none in the younger patients. The cause of death was cardiac in 3 patients and noncardiac in 4. A total of 54 complications occurred in 39 older patients and 32 in 27 younger patients. The incidence of cardiac complications was similar in both groups (18 in the older and 17 in the younger). However, noncardiac complications were significantly (p less than 0.0001) more common in older patients (32) than in the younger patient group (7). The most frequent in the older group were cerebral (14), sternal (6), and respiratory (5) complications. Thus, the operative risk of aortocoronary bypass grafting is increased after the age of 70 years, particularly because of noncardiac complications, which are responsible for more than half of the early deaths. Careful selection of candidates for surgical treatment in this age group is mandatory, and particular attention should be given preoperatively to the search for noncardiac disorders to decrease the incidence of these operative complications. PMID- 3488719 TI - Spinal cord infarction following intraaortic balloon support. AB - Infarction of the lumbar and sacral spinal cord was demonstrated at autopsy of a 72-year-old man in whom acute paraplegia developed following coronary artery bypass grafting and atrial septal defect repair with intraoperative insertion of an intraaortic balloon. Autopsy findings showed that infarcts of the spinal cord and other key organs were caused by critical occlusion of small arterioles by cholesterol emboli. These emboli apparently arose as a result of the fragmentation of atheromatous plaques within the aorta during use of the intraaortic balloon pump with subsequent embolization and occlusion of small blood vessels. PMID- 3488720 TI - Successful early streptokinase thrombolysis of aortocoronary vein grafts. AB - Two patients recently underwent successful early thrombolytic recanalization of thrombosed saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts. This treatment strategy must be weighed against the potential risk of bleeding. PMID- 3488721 TI - Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and sperm abnormalities in ex-addict to heroin, morphine, and hashish. AB - A 40-year-old male had been addicted to heroin, morphine, hashish, and other narcotics for 12 years. At examination, 2 years after abstinence from drugs, his semen analysis revealed oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa such as "round-headed" and "kinked"--sperm with neck abnormalities and immature forms. There was no evidence of other morphological abnormalities or of the presence of morphologically normal sperm. A possible correlation is discussed between the long-lasting drug addiction and morphological sperm abnormality, endocrinological function, karyotype, and immunological status. PMID- 3488722 TI - [A clinical study of massive bowel resection]. PMID- 3488723 TI - Lower limb amputation of the donor site extremity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - A 68-year-old man with peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery for angina pectoris unresponsive to medical treatment. Postoperatively, the left saphenous vein donor site became infected and developed a nonhealing ulcer. Three months after surgery, a left below-knee amputation was performed. The patient's prosthetic program was uneventful, and he became independent in ambulation with a prosthesis. This rare complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery may be prevented by careful preoperative evaluation of peripheral circulation of the proposed donor site and consideration of alternative donor sites, such as the internal mammary artery. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description and second reported case of lower limb amputation of the donor site extremity following such surgery. PMID- 3488724 TI - Colonoscopy vs barium enema for evaluation of colon. PMID- 3488725 TI - Effects in vitro of cadmium ions on some membrane and nuclear parameters of normal and irradiated thymic lymphoid cells. AB - Effects of cadmium chloride upon 3H-Con A binding, number of autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC), cell viability and the degree of DNA supercoiling were studied in normal and irradiated thymic lymphoid cells, isolated from rats and incubated up to 6 h in vitro. Cd (10-100 microM) did not significantly alter the patterns of surface markers and viability of normal thymocytes, as measured by supravital staining or nuclear pyknotic criteria. The following effects of Cd were noted for irradiated thymic cells: 1) Cd ions (25 microM) caused elimination of radiation-induced increase of Con A binding; 2) the characteristic loss of ARFC receptors, like development of nuclear pyknosis, was prevented in the presence of CdCl2 (10-100 microM); 3) the postradiation relaxation of nuclear supercoiled DNA was distinctly less pronounced with Cd. Possible reasons for these effects of Cd are discussed. Irradiated lymphoid cells are proposed as a suitable experimental model for the studies of different toxic actions of Cd and other heavy metals. PMID- 3488727 TI - [Changes in the structure of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi in Kartagener's syndrome in children]. AB - Biopsies of bronchial mucous membrane taken from 4 children with Kartagener's syndrome and 10 children with chronic pneumonia were examined electron microscopically. Structural changes in cilia and apical parts of cells are detected in all patients with Kartagener's syndrome. Cilial changes provoked by chronic inflammatory process are shown. The importance of ultrastructural investigations of bronchial mucous membrane cilia in the understanding of pathogenesis of chronic lung conditions in children is underlined. PMID- 3488726 TI - [Natural killer cell activity in diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 3488728 TI - Neocortical metabolic abnormalities precede nonmemory cognitive defects in early Alzheimer's-type dementia. AB - Neuropsychological function and resting regional neocortical glucose metabolism, as measured by positron-emission tomography, were studied in 22 patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's-type dementia. Metabolic reductions in the parietal association cortex and increased left-right metabolic asymmetry were observed in patients with mild and moderate degrees of dementia. Five patients with mild dementia had no impairment of neocortically mediated neuropsychological function, yet they demonstrated these same neocortical metabolic abnormalities. Asymmetry of neocortically mediated, neuropsychological functions correlated with metabolic asymmetries in patients with moderate but not mild dementia. These results suggest that physiological dysfunction in the that physiological dysfunction in the association neocortex is evident in early Alzheimer's-type dementia before the neuropsychological consequences of that dysfunction are demonstrable. PMID- 3488729 TI - Lateropulsion and upbeat nystagmus are manifestations of central vestibular dysfunction. AB - An elderly man presented with acute onset of gait instability, characterized by leaning to the left while walking, vertigo, diplopia, and transient facial numbness. The examination was remarkable for ocular lateropulsion and primary position upbeat nystagmus. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a right hemispheric cerebellar infarction. This report illustrates that lateropulsion can occur in cerebellar lesions, but that it may be contralateral to the cerebellar hemisphere involved. Primary position upbeat nystagmus and lateropulsion may represent forms of central vestibular dysfunction due to interruption of vestibulo-ocular pathways. PMID- 3488730 TI - Abnormal spatial localization in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Evidence for the presence of proprioceptive information. AB - Patients with herpes zoster of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and normal ocular motility were examined. They were asked to point to targets without the sight of their own hand. Significant errors were found on the affected side. Proprioceptive information of the extraocular muscles is assumed to travel in the trigeminal nerve, and these results thus suggest the existence of peripheral afferent signals influencing eye-hand coordination. PMID- 3488731 TI - Prevalence and detection of patients with bleeding disorders. PMID- 3488732 TI - The absence of the internal carotid artery: report of two cases. AB - The absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a very rare anomaly. Since the first description of the condition in 1787, only 60 cases have been reported in the literature. We report two cases of absence of the left ICA amongst 2195 carotid angiograms performed in the Department of Neuroradiology at the Royal Brisbane Hospital over a period of 4 years. The first patient was suffering from obstructive hydrocephalus; the second from right cerebellopontine angle syndrome. Cerebral angiography by catheterization of the aorta revealed the absence of the left ICA. The collateral circulation to the left cerebral hemisphere was provided by the vertebrobasilar system via a dilated left posterior communicating artery. In the first patient, the absence of the ICA was coincidental with other congenital anomalies of the cervico-occipital junction. In the second patient, the dilated vertebrobasilar system was responsible for compressing the right cranial nerves VII and VIII. It is emphasized that in some cases of cerebellopontine angle syndromes, thorough investigation of the cerebral vessels is necessary. PMID- 3488733 TI - Prevalence and causes of blindness in a rural community of Bangladesh. PMID- 3488734 TI - [Cellular immune regulation of gastric juice secretion]. PMID- 3488735 TI - Purification of human macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) from medium conditioned by pancreatic carcinoma cells. AB - Colony Stimulating Factor-1 has been purified to apparent homogeneity from the serum-free medium conditioned by cultured human pancreatic carcinoma cells which had been induced with phorbol myristate acetate. The purification scheme consisted of sequential steps of batchwise adsorption to calcium phosphate gel, adsorption to lentil lectin-Sepharose, binding to immobilized antibodies, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified glycoprotein was found to have a subunit molecular weight corresponding to the smallest of four species (approximately 40,000, 33,000, 28,000 and 23,000) which were observed when less purified preparations were examined. PMID- 3488736 TI - CSF-1 stimulates glucose uptake in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. AB - 3H-2-deoxyglucose was used as an isotopic tracer for the measurement of glucose uptake into quiescent murine bone marrow derived macrophages. A purified colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) was shown to stimulate 3H-2-deoxyglucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. This stimulation was rapid, with a maximal effect seen at 20-30 minutes after growth factor addition. Both the inhibition by cytochalasin B and also the relative degree of competition by high concentrations of a series of glucose analogues suggest that the basal and CSF-1 stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake occur via a carrier facilitated D-glucose transport system. The data indicate that a purified growth factor can increase the glucose uptake in macrophages, a finding which could be relevant to the survival and/or the proliferative response of this and other haemopoietic cell types. PMID- 3488737 TI - Leucovorine prevents methotrexate from inducing DNA lesions. AB - Methotrexate induces DNA strand fragmentation. We show here that the induction of DNA lesions can be overcome by treatment with leucovorine, a folic acid analogue. PMID- 3488738 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 and bone resorption by recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha in fetal mouse bones. AB - Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) stimulates prostaglandin E2 and bone resorption in cultured forearm bones of fetal mouse in a dose-dependent manner: the minimal rhIL-1 alpha to elicit a significant bone resorption was 1.6 ng/ml (89 pM). The half maximal concentrations to elicit bone resorption and thymocyte proliferation were 3.3 ng/ml (183 pM) and 0.31 ng/ml (17 pM), respectively. The bone resorbing activity induced by IL-1 was partially inhibited by indomethacin and hydrocortisone, and completely inhibited by anti-IL 1 antibody. There was a good correlation between PGE2 production and bone resorption induced by IL-1 alpha. These results suggest that rhIL-1 alpha stimulates bone resorption at approximately 10 times the concentrations necessary for thymocyte proliferation and that PGE2 produced in the bone is at least in part involved in osteoclastic bone resorption. PMID- 3488739 TI - Differences between the binding of trypsin and chymotrypsin by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - Complexes of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with proteases were examined by SDS PAGE in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel and in a gel gradient. While the inhibitor chymotrypsin complex was stable under both sets of conditions, the inhibitor trypsin complex quantitatively dissociated under the second set of conditions, indicating that trypsin, unlike chymotrypsin, is not linked covalently to the inhibitor. Although the inhibitor sustained at least two discrete cleavages by trypsin, its overall recovery after dissociation was 100%. Due to an increased rate of autolytic breakdown in the presence of the inhibitor, the recovery of trypsin after dissociation was appreciably less than 100%. Based on these observations, a new theory of trypsin inhibition by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is proposed. This method is suitable for the examination of other inhibition systems as well. PMID- 3488740 TI - Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in rat brain. PMID- 3488741 TI - Induction of cytochrome P-450 and related drug-metabolizing activities in the livers of different rodent species by 2-acetylaminofluorene or by 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - In general, large differences in the control levels of different cytochrome P-450 catalyzed activities (aminopyrine N-demethylase, benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and total 2 acetylaminofluorene metabolism and metabolite pattern) and in the inducibility of these activities in different rodent species (rat, hamster, guinea pig and mouse) and sexes were observed. For all the activities measured the lowest levels were observed in untreated rats. With a few minor exceptions, the only species tested in which cytochrome P-450-catalyzed activities were induced by treatment with 2 acetylaminofluorene was the rat. A larger number of the species tested were susceptible to induction by 3-methylcholanthrene. However, this xenobiotic proved also to induce most potently in the rat. There are relatively large differences between the male and female rat both in terms of control cytochrome P-450 catalyzed activities and in the inducibility of these activities by 2 acetylaminofluorene and 3-methylcholanthrene. In general, both of these xenobiotics proved to be more potent inducers in the female than in the male. Thus, it is quite clear that in quantitative terms the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-catalyzed activities and their inducibility by 2 acetylaminofluorene or 3-methylcholanthrene in the male Sprague-Dawley rat are not representative for other rodent species or even for the female of the same species. PMID- 3488742 TI - Effect of induction of T-cell-dependent antibody with sheep red blood cells on P 450-dependent and -independent xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. AB - The effect of an antigenic challenge with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on the activities of cytochrome P-450-dependent and -independent xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and on lipid peroxidation in the liver was investigated. The studies were carried out using three mouse strains of C57B1/10 and three strains of C3H backgrounds which are cogenic, differing genetically at the H-2 complex. The basal levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase (7-Ec) were different among congenic strains. The activity of 7-Ec was lower in C3H background mice than in B10 background mice. Similarly, the difference due to the strain and the H-2 locus was detected in the activities of P-450-independent enzymes such as malathion and diethyl succinate carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferase, and epoxide hydrolases in microsomal and cytosolic fractions. The degree of immune responsiveness in these mice was determined by a plaque forming cell assay. Within the same background, the H-2b mouse strain was a high responder and the H-2k a low responder to SRBC. However, treatment with SRBC had no significant depressive effect on P-450 dependent enzyme activities except in C3H/He. Activity of AHH was suppressed in C3H/He mice. Treatment with SRBC had no effect on P-450-independent enzyme activities except for malathion carboxylesterase: the activity was increased in C3H/He and C3H.JK, whereas it was decreased in B10. The basal level of lipid peroxidation was lower in C3H/He and C3H.JK. The treatment produced a significant enhancement in lipid peroxidation in C3H/He, B10 and B10.BR (P less than 0.05) with a concomitant increase in xanthine oxidase activity (P less than 0.05). Thus, the present study revealed that a specific antigenic challenge, unlike non specific immunostimulants (e.g. poly IC, endotoxin), does not necessarily inhibit P-450-dependent xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes even though antigen challenge increased XO activity and lipid peroxidation. The possible roles of an increase in lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity in immune response to SRBC and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are discussed. PMID- 3488744 TI - The impact of childhood rheumatic diseases on the family. AB - Much of the burden of providing health care and other services for children with rheumatic diseases falls on the parents, but little is known about the impact of these conditions on the family. A survey of the parents of 138 children revealed that the most important predictors of high family impact were the number of the child's activities of daily living that were limited by illness, the educational attainment of the mother, the child's sex, the mother's perception of the child's health, and the volume of medical care use. Our results provide guidelines for identifying families who are most vulnerable to the stress of having a child with a rheumatic disease. PMID- 3488743 TI - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile inducible rat liver cytochrome P-450. AB - Hybridomas were prepared from mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells derived from BALB/c female mice immunized with purified rat hepatic pregnenolone 16-alpha carbonitrile (PCN) induced cytochrome P-450 2a/PCN-E. The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) thus obtained were screened for binding to the purified P-450 2a/PCN-E by radioimmunoassay. Eleven independent hybrid clones produced MAbs, each of which was of a single mouse immunoglobulin subclass of the IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b type. Each of the MAbs produced by the eleven individual hybrid clones bound strongly to P-450 2a/PCN-E as assessed by radioimmunoassay and immunoprecipitation of P 450 2a/PCN-E in Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion plates. Of the eleven MAbs, three also bound strongly to the phenobarbital-inducible rat liver cytochrome P 450 PB-4. Thus, two classes of MAbs were obtained, one class specific for P-450 2a/PCN-E and a second class that bound to both PCN- and phenobarbital-inducible P 450 forms. The reactivities of one MAb from each class toward eight highly purified rat hepatic cytochromes P-450 were examined using solid phase enzyme linked immunosorbent analyses. The MAb designated C2 was found to be specific for P-450 2a/PCN-E and did not cross-react with seven other P-450 forms. This MAb was shown to be an effective probe for monitoring, by Western blotting, the induction of microsomal P-450 2a/PCN-E by PCN and phenobarbital. The MAb designated C1 reacted both with P-450 2a/PCN-E and with the two major phenobarbital-inducible P 450 forms, PB-4 and PB-5. None of the MAbs was inhibitory towards P-450 2a/PCN-E dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase or ethymorphine N-demethylase activity, indicating that the epitopes recognized by these MAbs are not directly associated with catalytic activity. The strong reactivities of three of the MAbs with both P-450 2a/PCN-E and P-450s PB-4 and PB-5 indicate that these two structurally quite different cytochrome P-450 families share at least one common epitope. These new MAbs are additions to our library of MAbs to different cytochromes P-450 and should help further our understanding of the relationship of cytochrome P-450 phenotype and multiplicity to inter-individual differences in drug and carcinogen metabolism and sensitivity. PMID- 3488745 TI - International League Against Rheumatism. A brief history and update. PMID- 3488746 TI - The use of immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of (U) small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the analysis of sera of patients with mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. A cross-sectional, longitudinal study. AB - Antibodies to ribonucleoproteins (RNP) and to the Sm antigen in sera from patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and systemic lupus erythematosus were studied using the techniques of immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of U small nuclear RNPs. A cross-sectional study indicated that antibodies reacting with a 68K protein were associated with anti-RNP specificity in MCTD, but rarely occurred in systemic lupus erythematosus patients' sera. A longitudinal study demonstrated the persistence of MCTD blotting patterns over many years, and the subsequent disappearance of those specificities in sera from patients who were in prolonged remission. PMID- 3488747 TI - Pharmacological study of the new mucolytic drug N-guanyl-cysteine. AB - The pharmacological evaluation of N-guanyl-cysteine (IQB-782) is reported. This new cysteine derivative shows a potent mucolytic-expectorant activity in different test systems. Thus, IQB-782 protects rats against tobacco-smoke-induced respiratory airway obstruction, increases the tracheo-bronchial mucus secretion in rabbits and increases the pulmonary excretion of fluorescein in mice, an index of broncho-secretagogue activity. Like other mucolytics, IQB-782 is also effective in vitro in reducing the viscosity of a suspension of gastric mucin. This new drug is apparently devoid of any cardiovascular or autonomic activity and shows a moderate CNS depressant effect. IQB-782 is consequently a new thiol derivative which may offer some advantages in the treatment of different types of obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 3488748 TI - Further research on accident rates in developing countries. AB - Earlier studies have shown that by using cross-sectional data for a group of developing countries, a significant relationship can be established between fatality rates and vehicle ownership levels. This paper updates relationships established in earlier years and identifies whether or not the slope of the regression line has continued to increase (and suggests that for the group of countries as a whole, there is a worsening in the safety situation). Similar relationships are also established for casualty rates. A detailed analysis is made of the relationship between fatality rates and parameters which describe, in part, the social, physical and economic characteristics of the developing countries. These include vehicle ownership, gross national product per capita, road density, vehicle density (per kilometre of road), population per physician and population per hospital bed. Again, comparisons are made with results obtained on earlier studies. PMID- 3488749 TI - The role of the dopaminergic projections in MFB self-stimulation. AB - Psychophysical experiments indicate that the first stage of the reward pathway in medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation consists of small myelinated descending axons. Pharmacological experiments show that neuroleptics attenuate or abolish the rewarding effect. This had led to the hypothesis that the descending myelinated axons synapse on an ascending dopaminergic second stage projection. 2 Deoxy-[14C]glucose autoradiography in self-stimulating animals or animals receiving automatically administered rewarding stimulation after treatment with reward-blocking doses of pimozide reveals activation of a descending myelinated system but no stimulation-produced activation of an ascending dopaminergic projection system, even though the autoradiographic method reveals the mild elevations and depressions of activity in dopaminergic terminal fields consequent upon injections of neuroleptics and amphetamine, respectively, and the strong activation of the nigrostriatal projection produced by stimulating directly in the substantia nigra. When the effects of neuroleptics and clonidine are measured by the psychophysical method (that is, by lateral shifts in the rate-frequency function), it is found that both drugs produce only gradual and rather small attenuations of rewarding efficacy up to doses at which it is no longer possible to measure their effects. It is suggested that, for neuroleptics at least, the rewarding effect abruptly fails at these doses. It is further suggested that these drugs do not act on the rewarding pathway itself, but on the process by which the rewarding signal is converted to an enduring rewarding effect. PMID- 3488750 TI - Syntheses and effects of [Glu34]-thymopoietin II fragment 32-45 and its analogs on the impaired T-cell transformation in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. AB - [Glu34]-thymopoietin II fragment 32-45 and its three analogs were prepared by substitution of the amino acid residue at position 37. These peptides were synthesized by a conventional solution method, followed by deprotection with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of m-cresol. These peptides were tested for their effects on impaired T-cell transformation by phytohemagglutinin in the common variable immunodeficiency. The relative potency of the synthetic [Glu34]-thymopoietin II fragment 32-45 was one half of that of synthetic thymopoietin II fragment 32-45. Among these tetradecapeptide analogs, one analog in which Val37 was replaced by Ile exhibited a potent activity which was more than that of the synthetic [Glu34]-thymopoietin II fragment 32-45. The relative potencies of Thr37 and Tyr37 analogs were one third and one-half, respectively of that of the synthetic [Glu34]-thymopoietin II fragment 32-45. PMID- 3488752 TI - T-lymphocytes as a prognostic indicator in head and neck cancer. AB - The relationship of a cancer patient's immunoreactivity and prognosis appears to be more complex than originally reported. Many earlier studies seemed to show that these assessments of immune competence had prognostic significance. Later reports showed no correlation. Newer technology has given the capability of measuring T-lymphocyte subpopulations and offers the possibility of a more sophisticated assessment of immunoreactivity that might correlate with prognosis. A study of 59 head and neck cancer patients was undertaken to assess the value of measuring the T-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood and from regional neck lymph nodes. This study shows no difference between those patients free of disease and those either living or dying of disease. The conclusion of this study is that the measurement of T-cell subpopulations offers no prognostic value for patients with head and neck carcinoma. PMID- 3488751 TI - [Direct immune response against hepatic antigens in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]. AB - We have investigated the possible role of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of liver disease associated with alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in 16 children with PiZZ phenotype, who presented with liver disease in infancy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 13 patients were incubated with autologous hepatocytes in a microcytotoxicity assay. There was a clear trend for cytotoxicity to increase with age and thus significantly increased cytotoxicity was found in four cases older than 2 years, while intermediate values were recorded in three children between 6 months and 2 years and normal values in children younger than 6 months. Fractionation of PBL into T and non-T-enriched subsets showed that both were involved in the cytotoxic reaction. A purified liver membrane lipoprotein preparation (LSP) inhibited both T and non-T-cell cytotoxicity suggesting that LSP is a major target antigen in this system. Sensitization to LSP was also present in 2 of the 3 children studied using a recently developed T-lymphocyte migration inhibitory factor (T-LIF) test. Control experiments performed in infants with neonatal hepatitis syndrome, but with normal Pi phenotype showed consistently increased cytotoxicity values. Cell mediated immune reactions directed against autologous hepatocytes develop late in the course of the liver disease associated with AAT deficiency. While this reaction cannot be involved in the pathogenesis of the initial liver lesion, it may contribute to perpetuation of liver damage. PMID- 3488753 TI - Trends in alcohol consumption and violent deaths. PMID- 3488754 TI - The impact of increased availability of wine in grocery stores on consumption: four case histories. PMID- 3488755 TI - Cannabis psychosis in young psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 3488756 TI - Altered chromatin in childhood leukaemic lymphoblasts: association with virus like particles. AB - An electron microscopic examination was made of masses identified as altered heterochromatin in the cytoplasm of childhood leukaemic lymphoblasts, and their relation to 'virus-like' particles (VLP). The masses were found to occur more frequently in leukaemic lymphoblasts than in normal lymphocytes, but abnormally frequent occurrence was a feature of non T rather than T or B lymphoblasts. Although these masses may be derived by phagocytosis of dead cells or cellular material, a more likely origin is by detachment of altered portions of the containing cell's own nucleus. Such in situ alterations in nuclei were seen in leukaemic lymphoblasts but not in normal lymphocytes. A close relation demonstrated between altered chromatin and VLP might suggest that VLP are a response to the presence of damaged chromatin. However, the occurrence in some VLP of solid cores and budding might make it more likely that VLP are viral, with chromatin damage as a morphologically recognizable cytopathic effect of their activity. PMID- 3488757 TI - Leukapheresis in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - In six patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), the effect of leukapheresis (LPH) on the disease and on various immunological and haematological parameters was investigated. Enriched mononuclear cells were removed by continuous centrifugation leukapheresis from the peripheral blood of the patients. A profound and longlasting effect was seen in one patient with the Sezary variant; a moderate response was seen in two other Sezary patients. No benefit was observed in two patients with more aggressive leukaemic disease, and one patient with plaque stage MF responded on two occasions. No limiting side effects were recognized and no consistent changes of immunological or haematological parameters were observed after LPH. PMID- 3488758 TI - Models for contact sensitization--novel approaches and future developments. PMID- 3488759 TI - Obstetric hysterectomy--an 11-year experience. AB - A total of 31 women had obstetric hysterectomy at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, between 1972 and 1982. Elective caesarean hysterectomy was performed on nine occasions mainly because of preexisting gynaecological problems such as fibroids or menorrhagia. Emergency hysterectomy most frequently followed uterine rupture, postpartum bleeding and major degrees of placenta praevia. The majority of patients required blood transfusion but postoperative problems were few. Late complications included infected discharge and cyclical bleeding after subtotal hysterectomy. There was one neonatal death but no maternal deaths. Although the operation is usually straightforward, and no major technical problems, such as urinary tract injury occurred, the decision to perform it as an emergency must be made before the patient's condition is extreme; the availability of senior staff is important. PMID- 3488760 TI - Complement activation, circulating protease inhibitors and pregnancy-associated proteins in severe pre-eclampsia. AB - Circulating protease inhibitors, pregnancy-associated proteins and the split product of complement factor 3 (C3d) were measured in 14 women with severe pre eclampsia and their matched controls. Only the mean levels of antithrombin III were observed to be significantly lower in pre-eclampsia (P less than 0.02). PMID- 3488762 TI - Characterization of cellular and extracellular plasma membrane vesicles from a low metastatic lymphoma (Eb) and its high metastatic variant (ESb): inhibitory capacity in cell-cell interaction systems. AB - Spontaneously shed extracellular plasma membrane vesicles (ECM) of a highly metastatic murine tumor line (ESb) were compared with plasma membrane vesicles (PM) of the same cells prepared by the nitrogen cavitation method and with ECM and PM preparations of the related low metastatic tumor line Eb. From a previous biochemical analysis it was concluded that the exfoliation of ECM vesicles, which is very pronounced in metastatic ESb cells, is not a random process. This conclusion is further corroborated by the present functional analysis. Compared to ESb PM, ESb-derived ECM were selectively enriched for Fc receptors and depleted in glycoproteins with affinity for hepatocytes. Tumor-derived ECM carried the same tumor antigen as the corresponding tumor line and showed in comparison to PM material an increased inhibitor capacity in a T-cell-mediated tumor-specific cytotoxicity test. PMID- 3488761 TI - Compartmentation of high-energy phosphates in resting and beating heart cells. AB - The subcellular distribution of ATP, ADP, creatine phosphate and creatine has been analyzed by fast detergent fractionation of isolated frog heart cells. Digitonin fractionation (0.5 mg/ml, 10 s at 2 degrees C in 20 mM 4 morpholinepropanesulfonic acid/3 mM EDTA/230 mM mannitol medium) was used to separate mitochondria and myofilaments from cytosol. To separate myofilaments from the other cellular compartments. Triton X-100 was used (2%, 15 s in the same medium as digitonin). For either resting or beating cells the total cellular contents of ATP, ADP, creatine phosphate and creatine was similar, nevertheless the O2 consumption was 6-times higher. The compartmentation of these metabolites was also identical. Myofilaments contain 1.1 nmol ADP per mg total cellular proteins. In the cytosolic compartment the metabolite concentrations, all measured in nmol per mg total cellular proteins, were: ATP, 13; ADP, 0.25-0.05; creatine phosphate, 18.5 and creatine, 14. This indicated that the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase was in a state of (or near) equilibrium. PMID- 3488763 TI - Contribution of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of bitter substances with taste receptor membranes to generation of receptor potentials. AB - The effects of changed ionic environments on the frog taste nerve responses to the bitter substances were examined. The responses to quinine and strychnine carrying a positive charge were suppressed by an increase in ionic strength of stimulating solutions. It was concluded that electrostatic interaction of these positive bitter substances with the receptor membranes greatly contributes to the adsorption of the substances on the membranes and that this interaction was suppressed by an increase in ionic strength. The responses to neutral bitter substances (caffeine and theophylline) were unchanged by an increase in salt concentration. The zeta potential of the mouse neuroblastoma (N-18 clone), which was depolarized by various bitter substances similarly to a taste cell, was measured in the presence of the bitter substances. The zeta potential was a little changed by quinine and practically unchanged by strychnine, caffeine and theophylline. The membrane fluidity of the N-18 cell monitored with 2-(9 anthroyloxy)stearic acid was changed in response to the bitter substances, while the fluidity monitored with 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid or 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene was unchanged. This suggested that the bitter substances are adsorbed on the hydrophobic region near the surface and induce a conformational change at the region. The depolarization by the bitter substances seems to stem from changes in the "boundary potential" at the region near the surface within the membrane interior. PMID- 3488764 TI - Synthesis and release of deoxycytidine by human B and T lymphoblasts. AB - Deoxycytidine kinase activity is abundant in human T and B lymphocytes. However, the role of the enzyme in endogenous deoxynucleoside metabolism has not been established. The present experiments show that dividing human B lymphoblasts, but not T lymphoblasts, release substantial amounts of deoxycytidine (dCyd) into the medium, and have an active dCyd-dCMP (deoxycytidine-deoxycytidine 5'-phosphate) substrate cycle. Exogenous dCyd has been shown to protect human lymphocytes from the toxic effects of deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine and related compounds. Thus, the differential rates of dCyd release by T and B lymphocytes may affect the sensitivities of the two cell types to the growth inhibitory effects of exogenous deoxynucleosides. PMID- 3488766 TI - Melatonin and LSD induce similar retinal changes in the frog. PMID- 3488765 TI - Pathological cerebral blood flow during motor function in schizophrenic and endogenous depressed patients. AB - In this investigation we examined eight Type I (positive symptoms without marked negative symptomatology), eight Type II (marked negative symptoms) schizophrenic patients of the disordered and paranoid diagnostic subgroups (DSM-III 295.1 and 295.3), eight severely (HAMD above 35) and eight less severely (HAMD below 20) endogenous depressed patients, and eight control persons using the 133Xe inhalation method in resting condition and during motor activity of the dominant right hand. In all patient groups we found flow activation patterns that were different from those observed in normal control persons. During motor activation in Type I schizophrenics and in less severely endogenous depressed patients, we found a bilateral hyperflow and a diffuse cortical flow increase, also involving deeper cerebral structures. In Type II schizophrenics and severely endogenous depressed patients, however, we found a widespread nonreactivity of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to motor activation, with no flow increase in the contralateral primary motor area. In normal control individuals, we reproduced a 25% flow increase that was strictly limited to the contralateral primary motor area, as already reported by other authors. As only the schizophrenic patients were not under antipsychotic medication (4 with a washout of at least 1 week prior to the investigation, 12 never treated with drugs before), contaminating effects of the medication cannot be ruled out for the endogenous depressed patient groups. However, in schizophrenic patients, these results suggest a diffuse disorganization and lack of laterality of motor functional systems. In addition, the change from hyperactivity to hyporeactivity might indicate cerebral functional correlates of the change from Type I to Type II symptomatology in schizophrenic patients, which could possible prove to be of clinical importance. PMID- 3488767 TI - Toxic reaction following the combined administration of fluoxetine and L tryptophan: five case reports. PMID- 3488768 TI - Heat produced by the dark-adapted bullfrog retina in response to light pulses. AB - By using a pyroelectric detector constructed with a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a rapid rise in the temperature of the dark-adapted bullfrog retina induced by light was demonstrated. In the bullfrog retina, as in the squid retina examined previously, the heat generated in response to a brief light pulse was found to be far greater than the amount produced by conversion of the entire radiant energy of the stimulus into heat. The thermal responses consist of the heat generated by the photoreceptor and the postsynaptic elements in the retina, preceded by a small signal reflecting conversion of a portion of the radiant energy of the stimulus into heat. The dependence of the thermal responses on the light intensity, on the wavelength and on a variety of physical and chemical agents was examined. The exothermic process underlying the production of heat by the photoreceptor was found to precede the electrophysiological response of the retina. PMID- 3488769 TI - Charge movements measured during transverse-tubular uncoupling in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Capacity transients and slow asymmetric charge-movements are measured in frog skeletal muscle using the Vaseline-gap voltage-clamp technique. Capacity transients show a rapid phase lasting 10-30 microseconds, due to the charging of the surface membrane capacitance, and a slower phase lasting several milliseconds, consistent with the charging of the transverse tubular system (T system). Exposure to isotonic CsF caused the ratio of the slowly-charging capacitance (Cslow) to the fast-charging capacitance to decline by 88 +/- 9% (n = 16). Electron micrographs of four fibers treated with CsF show disruption and disorganization of the T-system and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes and a greater than 90% decrease in the number of dyads and triads. The role of CsF was investigated: Fibers exposed to CsF internally or externally, exhibit slower and less complete loss of Cslow than fibers exposed both internally and externally. Little loss of Cslow occurs during the external exposure to CsF. The bulk of loss occurs only after the fiber is returned to Ca++-containing solution. Elevated external Ca++ causes more rapid and more complete loss of Cslow. The time-course of Cslow loss is gradual, occurring over a period of 10 min to 2 h. The progressive loss of Cslow is accompanied by a progressive decline in the peak of the slow asymmetric charge-movement and a progressive slowing of charge movement kinetics. These effects are qualitatively accounted for by including gradual tubular uncoupling in a distributed model of charge movement proposed by B. Simon and K. G. Beam (1985, J. Gen. Physiol., 85:21-42). PMID- 3488770 TI - [Plasma membrane of thymocytes--home of specific glucocorticoid binding sites]. AB - The incubation of rat thymocytes with 3H-cortisol in the presence of cortisol immobilized on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-GC) produces a decrease in 3H-cortisol uptake by these cells. PVP-GC is shown to compete with cortisol for specific binding sites on thymocytes, without penetrating into cells. It is therefore, concluded that plasma membranes of thymocytes contain specific glucocorticoid binding sites. PMID- 3488771 TI - [Analysis of changes in natural cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of mouse spleen cells after treatment with cyclophosphamide and alpha-interferon]. AB - Cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of mouse spleen cells against normal and tumour target cells has been studied. The comparative analysis of mouse spleen cell cytostatic and cytotoxic activity after exposure to cyclophosphamide has shown that the effectors of natural cytotoxic activity are highly sensitive to cyclophosphamide, while cytostatic effectors are heterogeneous in their sensitivity to cyclophosphamide. Pretreatment of spleen cells with alpha interferon produced an increase in cytotoxic and cytostatic activity against tumour target cells. The cells of lymphoid organs (spleen, bone marrow, thymus) had greater distinctions in cytotoxic than in cytostatic activity against tumour target cells. PMID- 3488772 TI - [Relation of the formation of producers of antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulins to the dose of T-dependent and T-independent antigens]. AB - The dependence of the production of antibody-forming cells (AFC) and non-specific immunoglobulin-forming cells (nIFC) on the doses of T-dependent (sheep red blood cells, SRBC) and T-independent (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP and pneumococcal polysaccharide SSS III) antigens was investigated. The immunization of BALB/c mice with immunogenic or subimmunogenic doses of SRBC and PVP induced a marked increase in the number of antigen-dependent nIFC. In contrast, the injection of any SSS III doses did not influence the amount of nIFC, although a specific immune response to SSS III was quite obvious. Thus, two T-independent antigens, type II, differ in their ability to induce non-specific immune reactions. The experiments on simultaneous administration of monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies and PVP or SSS III to mice have demonstrated that these differences were not related to T-suppressor activity. The possible role of T helpers in the immune response to T-independent antigens is discussed. PMID- 3488774 TI - Inducible production of human macrophage growth factor, CSF-1. AB - A panel of human cell lines was screened for production of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) using a specific radioreceptor assay and criterion of macrophage colony growth in mouse bone marrow culture. The pancreatic carcinoma lines MIA PaCa and PANC were found to secrete high levels of CSF-1. In a bone marrow proliferation assay, the activities from these two lines were blocked by a CSF-1 specific neutralizing antiserum, confirming the predominant content of this macrophage growth factor. MIA PaCA cells stopped secreting CSF-1 when transferred to various serum-free media. Serum-free production could be reinitiated by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). Purified CSF-1 from serum-free MIA PaCa cells stimulated the formation of 14-day colonies from total and nonadherent mononuclear human bone marrow cells. Most of the colonies consisted exclusively of large, dispersed macrophages that were intensely stained for nonspecific esterase. Although similar numbers of human 14-day colonies were stimulated by CSF-1 and other CSFs, more CSF-1 was required for the proliferation of human as compared with murine bone marrow progenitors. Northern analysis of mRNA from induced-MIA PaCa cells, using a human CSF-1 oligonucleotide probe, revealed multiple species of CSF-1 mRNA ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 kilobases (kb). Uninduced, serum-free cultures showed only the largest mRNA species, suggesting that serum removal interfered with CSF-1 mRNA processing related to synthesis and/or secretion of the protein. Regulation of the production of CSF-1 may be an important physiological process in hematopoiesis and macrophage functioning. PMID- 3488773 TI - Cell-mediated suppression of megakaryocytopoiesis in acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP) is a disorder of hematopoiesis characterized by severe thrombocytopenia due to a selective reduction or total absence of megakaryocytes in an otherwise normal-appearing bone marrow. Although the development of autoantibodies directed against cells in the megakaryocyte progenitor cell pool has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder, cell-mediated suppression of megakaryocytopoiesis has not been described. Accordingly, we report two cases of AATP in which in vitro suppression of megakaryocyte colony formation by autologous ancillary marrow cells was demonstrable. Light-density bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) obtained from both patients were either plated directly into plasma clot cultures, or after first being depleted by adherent monocytes (M phi) or T lymphocytes using standard methodologies. In some experiments, the depleted ancillary marrow cells were recovered for autologous co-culture studies with the MNCs from which they had been depleted. Megakaryocyte colony formation was detected in the cultures using an indirect immunofluorescence assay with a rabbit anti-human platelet glycoprotein antiserum. Removal of M phi (n = 6), or T lymphocytes (n = 4) from normal marrow MNCs had no apparent effect on colony formation. In contrast, depleting T lymphocytes from the MNCs of patient 1 significantly augmented megakaryocyte colony formation; a similar effect was observed after depleting M phi from the MNCs of patient 2. This observed augmentation in colony formation could be abrogated by autologous co-culture with the putative suppressor cell at effector cell/target cell ratios of 1:10 in the case of T lymphocytes or 1:5 in the case of M phi. Neither suppression nor stimulation of megakaryocyte colony formation was observed after culturing normal MNCs with autologous T cells (n = 4) or M phi (n = 3) at similar or greater ratios. We also observed inhibition of megakaryocyte colony formation after culturing normal MNCs in the presence of tissue culture medium conditioned by the M phi of patient 2. This effect was shown to be specific for megakaryocytes since this same conditioned medium had no significant effect on BFU-E and CFU-E-derived colony formation by autologous marrow mononuclear cells. These results suggest that: both T cells and M phi are capable of exerting a regulatory effect on the proliferation of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-Meg); in the case of M phi, a soluble factor elaborated by these cells may be responsible for suppressing CFU-Meg growth; and aberrant ancillary cell-megakaryocyte progenitor cell interactions may lead to clinically significant disease. PMID- 3488775 TI - von Willebrand's disease characterized by increased ristocetin sensitivity and the presence of all von Willebrand factor multimers in plasma. AB - In eight members of one family, platelets in platelet-rich plasma aggregated at much lower ristocetin concentrations than normal. Ivy bleeding time was variously prolonged, and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor activity, and factor VIII coagulant activity were decreased. Most of the affected members had had slight to rather severe bleeding symptoms. Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease (vWD) could be ruled out. All multimers of vWF:Ag were found in plasma as well as platelets. Administration of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) to the propositus did not cause thrombocytopenia, and platelet-poor plasma obtained immediately after did not aggregate normal platelets. The molecular defect in this family, inherited as an autosomal dominant, resembles the one in type IIB because of the response to ristocetin but differs from IIB because all vWF:Ag multimers are present in plasma and the response to DDAVP is atypical. We conclude that this family has a new subtype of vWD and propose that structural as well as functional criteria should be used for a proper classification of vWD. PMID- 3488776 TI - Activation of human factor VII in the initiation of tissue factor-dependent coagulation. AB - We have used activation peptide release assays to compare factor VII and activated factor VII (VIIa) activation of factor X, normal factor IX (IXN), and a variant factor IX (IXBmLE), which, after activation, is unable to back-activate factor VII. In purified systems, factor VII and VIIa each rapidly activated factor X, but after a one minute lag for factor VII. VIIa also readily activated both IXN and IXBmLE. Factor VII initially failed to activate substantial amounts of either IXN or IXBmLE; on further incubation factor VII activated IXN but not IXBmLE. Activation of IXN began when approximately 10% of factor VII had been converted to VIIa, as measured by 125I-factor VII radioactivity profiles. Adding factor VII to VIIa slowed its activation of IXBmLE. However, in the presence of factor X, factor VII alone rapidly activated IXBmLE. Unlike purified systems, 1 nmol/L VIIa added to factor VII-deficient plasma failed to activate factor IX. Increasing factor VII to 10 nmol/L (plasma concentration) either as native VII or VIIa yielded similar activation curves for factor IX and similar activation curves for factor X. Adding 5% VIIa to factor X-deficient plasma and to factor XII-deficient plasma substantially shortened the dilute tissue factor clotting time of only the former. These data support the hypothesis that factor VII/tissue factor complex initiates tissue factor-dependent clotting through a minimal generation of Xa. This Xa then rapidly back-activates a small amount of factor VII, following which the rates of activation of both factors IX and X increase dramatically. PMID- 3488777 TI - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances phagocytosis of bacteria by human neutrophils. AB - In order to determine whether human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can enhance phagocytosis, neutrophils were combined with Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus), and both the number of bacteria per neutrophil and the percent of neutrophils phagocytizing were assessed in the absence and presence of GM-CSF. Exposure to GM-CSF did not enable neutrophils to ingest unopsonized bacteria. When bacteria were opsonized with serum, both the number of bacteria per neutrophil and the percent of cells phagocytizing were increased by treatment with GM-CSF. Digestion of extracellular organisms by lysostaphin was used to substantiate phagocytosis. These results indicate that another effect of GM-CSF on the mature neutrophil is the enhancement of phagocytosis. PMID- 3488778 TI - Monoclonal antibody T101 in T cell malignancies: a clinical, pharmacokinetic, and immunologic correlation. AB - Eight patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) and five with various other T cell malignancies were treated with mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) T101. Doses of 1 to 500 mg were administered weekly over a two-hour period and resulted in one complete remission (convoluted T cell lymphoma) and one partial remission (CTCL). Remission duration was 6 weeks and 3 months, respectively. Frequent toxicities were pruritus, hives, flushing, and shortness of breath. Supraventricular arrhythmias and blood pressure instability were also observed. Complete targeting of peripheral blood T cells was achieved with 1 mg of MoAb in the nonleukemic patients (WBC less than 10,000/microL), and free, bioavailable antibody was present at the next (10-mg) dose level. Even higher doses resulted in substantial antibody excess that persisted for as long as 6 weeks. Serum concentrations of MoAb decreased with increasing number of peripheral blood T cells, and 25 to 35 mg of T101 were required for induction of antibody excess in leukemic patients. Excess antibody induced antigenic modulation, which was of consequence only if MoAb excess persisted to the next treatment. In the original treatment, the rapidly administered MoAb was able to target and remove peripheral blood T cells before the development of antigenic modulation. Antimouse antibodies developed in three patients. Their presence rendered further therapy ineffective and was associated with an anaphylactic reaction in one patient. Development of these antibodies could not be predicted by lymphoproliferative assays. In these assays, however, the T101 protein strongly stimulated the mononuclear cells of the patient who reached the only complete remission of this trial. Immunologic stimulation by the MoAb thus might have played a role in this patient's antitumor response. In summary, therapy with MoAb T101 was specific but only modestly efficacious. Rapid infusion of nonmodulating doses of antibody provided excellent targeting and removal of peripheral blood T cells and might be a valid approach in future trials with immunoconjugated T101. PMID- 3488779 TI - The role of lactoferrin released by phagocytosing neutrophils in the regulation of colony-stimulating activity production by human mononuclear cells. AB - There remains a controversy about the alleged inhibitory effect of lactoferrin on production of colony-stimulating activity (C.S.A.) by mononuclear cells. We confirm the inhibitory action of both lactoferrin purified from human breast milk and that released from phagocytosing neutrophils. To show the inhibitory effect, it is necessary to plot the dose-response curve of medium conditioned by mononuclear cells with and without lactoferrin. Crowding cells to promote contact is essential for the fraction of C.S.A. production inhibitable by lactoferrin. Saturation of purified lactoferrin by addition of iron salts in vitro may introduce an artifact, as this lactoferrin retained its inhibitory activity at much greater dilutions than lactoferrin released from phagocytosing neutrophils. PMID- 3488780 TI - New perspectives in the investigation of disorders of balance. AB - It is a common misconception that all disorders of balance can be attributed to derangements of the vestibular system. In fact spatial orientation is dependent upon the proper coordination of a number of sensory inputs and each of these is susceptible to damage by disease or injury. A variety of new tests is described which have as their aim the indentification of balance disorders resulting specifically from derangements of visual processing, proprioception and the neck reflexes. In addition, attention is given to the differential impairment of linear and circular vection and to the possible clinical application of vestibular evoked potentials. PMID- 3488781 TI - Thirty cases of "schizophrenia" reexamined. PMID- 3488783 TI - Homicide in other industrialized countries. PMID- 3488782 TI - Homicide: epidemiologic analysis at the national level. PMID- 3488784 TI - Homicide in New York City. PMID- 3488785 TI - Patterns of homicide victimization in the city of Los Angeles, 1970-79. PMID- 3488787 TI - Sexual violence. PMID- 3488786 TI - Domestic violence and homicide antecedents. PMID- 3488788 TI - Drugs and homicide. PMID- 3488790 TI - Homicide related to crimes other than drug traffic. PMID- 3488789 TI - Homicide related to drug traffic. PMID- 3488791 TI - Assaultive violence as a contagious social process. PMID- 3488792 TI - The contribution of homicide to the decline of American cities. PMID- 3488793 TI - United States time-series homicide regressions with adaptive expectations. PMID- 3488794 TI - Legal deterrents. PMID- 3488795 TI - Distal splenorenal (Warren) shunt in the management of actively bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - Distal splenorenal shunts have been performed on 53 patients during or soon after variceal haemorrhage. In 38 patients active haemorrhage was occurring at the time of operation or was controlled by tamponade and 12 of these patients died. There was no mortality in the semi-elective group. A higher mortality was found in patients with poor liver reserve and in whom prolonged conservative management had been attempted. Rebleeding occurred in 20 per cent of patients in the early postoperative period and this was a significant factor in the death of three patients. Of 39 patients with longer term follow-up, 8 suffered minor encephalopathy. Subsequent mortality could be related to the progression of liver disease and was no worse than that seen in a population of cirrhotic patients. PMID- 3488796 TI - Chronic treatment with L-DOPA, but not bromocriptine induces dyskinesia in MPTP parkinsonian monkeys. Correlation with [3H]spiperone binding. AB - A group of 5 monkeys developed a severe parkinsonian syndrome after intravenous administration of the toxin MPTP. One remained untreated while two animals were treated daily for 5 months with supramaximal doses of Sinemet and two with bromocriptine orally. Both drugs relieved the parkinsonian symptoms but the animals on Sinemet developed after 2 weeks prominent lingual dyskinesia which remained visible after each dose until the end of the experiment. In the two animals on bromocriptine no dyskinesia was observed. After sacrifice, the levels of dopamine and [3H]spiperone binding were studied bilaterally in the anterior and posterior caudate nucleus, anterior and posterior putamen and in the nucleus accumbens. The loss of dopamine was equivalent in the Sinemet and the bromocriptine treated animals (more than 90%) and there was a complete disappearance of the substantia nigra pars compacta. In all structures studied, the Bmax for [3H]spiperone binding was on average 10% higher in the Sinemet than in the bromocriptine-treated animals. We therefore believe that L-DOPA and bromocriptine affect denervated postsynaptic dopamine receptors differently, that bromocriptine is less likely to induce agonist supersensitivity and that this probably explains the lesser tendency to induce dyskinesia after chronic treatment. PMID- 3488798 TI - Symptoms and behavioral features induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in an old Java monkey [Macaca cynomolgus fascicularis (Raffles)]. AB - The study concerns symptoms and behavioral characteristics induced by MPTP in a 20-year-old Macaca cynomolgus fascicularis, their evolution over 7 months, and the animal's response to 1-dopa treatment. The symptoms which the animal developed include those that have been described earlier in Macaca mulatta and Saimiri sciureus, i.e., rigidity, action tremor, postural tremor, postural flexion, hypokinesia, and bradykinesia. In addition, however, the animal developed a 3.8 Hz resting tremor which in humans is pathognomonic of Parkinson's disease, as well as cogwheeling, the glabellar tap sign, drooling, impaired ability to relax, and many other symptoms. Also unlike previously described MPTP monkeys, the animal's symptoms neither improved spontaneously, nor did they remain stable shortly after MPTP injection. Instead, symptoms steadily progressed to reach a severe status 2 months after MPTP, and further progression was apparent after another 5 months. Therapeutic responses to 1-dopa required accumulation of or kindling by the 100 mg unit doses that were spaced 4 hr apart, were often organized in time as ON episodes that alternated with OFF episodes, and were associated with dyskinesias and bizarre behavior. Of particular interest is that the animal showed kinesia paradoxa which, in humans, constitutes a feature that is unique to Parkinson's disease among the extrapyramidal disorders. In addition to available evidence, the present findings validate the syndrome induced by MPTP in monkey as an animal analogue of Parkinson's disease. Taxonomic category, age, and the occurrence of shock in response to MPTP are discussed as variables that may possibly co-determine the pathology which MPTP may induce in monkey. PMID- 3488797 TI - Suppression of mitotic activity and synchronization of cell development in olfactory epithelium. AB - Prolonged continuous application of hydroxyurea to frog olfactory epithelium suppresses mitotic activity in this tissue without side effects. After ZnSO4 induced coagulation necrosis of the olfactory epithelium, application of hydroxyurea prevents the usual epithelial regeneration. A method for obtaining frog olfactory epithelium with a developmentally synchronized neuronal population is introduced. The epithelium is first ablated by perfusion of the nasal cavity with ZnSO4. Then the epithelium is allowed to regenerate for 6 days, after which continuous introduction into the nasal cavity of hydroxyurea suppresses mitotic activity and thus the generation of new cells in the tissue. Cells formed during the 6 days prior to hydroxyurea treatment continue to develop. We found that the olfactory receptor cells are generated beginning on the 6th day after ablation, and so the epithelia contain a highly synchronized population of neurons all generated within about 24 h. PMID- 3488799 TI - Involvement of the inferior olivary neurons in vestibular compensation. AB - Vestibular decompensation induced by spinal cord transection in left labyrinthectomized guinea pigs provoked asymmetrical excitability of the inferior olivary nuclei. In the right nucleus, spinal deafferentation induced a significantly increased response to electrical stimulation of the contralateral radial nerve and decreased response to ipsilateral radial nerve stimulation. In the left nucleus, opposite results were obtained. Increased responses were recorded in the I.O. neurons during electrical stimulation of the radial nerve ipsilateral to a previous hemilabyrinthectomy, and reduced responses during the electrical stimulation of the radial nerve of the opposite side. Since the inferior olive impinges on the vestibular nuclei both directly and indirectly through the cerebellar loop, it is possible that the inferior olive is involved in the spinal compensation of the vestibular deficits resulting from the hemilabyrinthectomy. PMID- 3488800 TI - Parasitology. PMID- 3488801 TI - Laboratory diagnosis. AB - Diagnosis of internal parasitism is based on many factors, including clinical signs, case histories of individual animals and the herds of which they are a part, and, finally, specific laboratory findings. Laboratory methods used can be divided into those associated with the qualitative and quantitative examination of feces for parasite eggs, larvae, and oocysts, and laboratory findings on changes in physiologic status of individuals that may be produced by specific parasites. PMID- 3488802 TI - Epidemiologic research using the Ontario Cancer Registry. PMID- 3488804 TI - Cytogenetic abnormalities in noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on lymph nodes from eight patients with noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma. At least one chromosomally abnormal clone was identified in each patient. Chromosomes having structural abnormalities in two or more patients included chromosome #1 (four), chromosome #2 (three), chromosome #4 (two), chromosome #8 (two), chromosome #14 (two), and chromosome #17 (two). The abnormal clones from seven patients had structural abnormalities involving either chromosomes #1 or #2, and the eighth patient had an abnormal clone that was trisomic for chromosome #1. We did not observe structural rearrangements in chromosome #14 at bands q11 or q12 in any of our cases, in contrast to previous suggestions that this chromosomal region may play a critical role in the development of T-cell lymphomas. Our findings suggest that other nonrandom chromosome abnormalities are common and may be important in the development of noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3488803 TI - Leukemia of early infancy. Early B-cell lineage associated with t(4:11). AB - A case of infantile acute leukemia associated with translocation t(4:11)(q21:q23) is reported. This leukemia has a very poor prognosis, and this patient survived for only 9 months. The blast cell morphology was L1/L2 according to the FAB classification and showed a lymphoid appearance on transmission electron microscopy. The histochemical stains showed a pattern of periodic acid-Schiff positivity and variable alpha-naphtyl acetate staining. The cells were TdT positive and surface-marker phenotyping was positive for Ia-like and B4 antigens but negative for CALLA, T-cell markers, myelocyte and monocyte markers. The leukemic cells represent a frozen state of a very early precursor, corresponding to the earliest recognizable stage of the B-cell lineage. This observation may contribute to the controversion regarding the cell origin of this unique leukemia associated with t(4:11), lymphatic versus null cell, early myeloid, or mixed, and points to the possibility of a very early B-cell lineage leukemia. PMID- 3488805 TI - Association of severe and fatal infections and treatment with pentostatin. AB - Pentostatin (dCF), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, has shown activity in the treatment of several lymphoid malignancies, even in the earliest phase I trials. An analysis of the first 300 patients treated in such trials shows a high incidence of severe infection (8%) during the relatively brief period of treatment. Of 24 patients in whom infection was diagnosed, 17 had no evidence of myelosuppression. The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity. Two-thirds of the infections were fatal. It is suggested that dCF may cause a syndrome similar to severe combined immunodeficiency during the course of treatment. Patients treated with dCF who show evidence of infection, even in the absence of neutropenia, should receive vigorous and rapid diagnostic evaluation to establish the cause of their infection, and aggressive treatment of suspected organisms. PMID- 3488806 TI - Assessment of host immune response in breast cancer patients. AB - Cell-mediated immune status of breast cancer patients was evaluated by percentage of T gamma cells, natural killer (NK) activity, and the augmentation of NK cells by interferon. The patients with breast cancer did not show impaired cell mediated immune responses until they were in the late stage of cancer. Sixty-one patients with breast cancer revealed higher proportions of T gamma cells measured by a new method utilizing microplate compared with those of 50 healthy subjects. Reduced NK activity was seen in the patients with stage III or IV breast cancer. Natural cytotoxicity against K-562 target cells was strongly augmentated by treatment with interferon in vitro for 2 hr, both in the patients with breast cancer and in healthy donors, except for far advanced breast cancer patients. A negative correlation between the percentage of T gamma cells and T cell was significant in the patients with primary breast cancer prior to radical mastectomy. PMID- 3488807 TI - Changes in peripheral T-cell subsets and natural-killer cytotoxicity in relation to colorectal cancer surgery. AB - Surgery for cancer in man is followed by immunosuppression, and immunosuppressed cancer patients have advanced stage and poor prognosis. Yet surgery continues to offer the best chance for cure for patients with solid tumors. Since natural killer cells appear to play a major role in control of tumor metastases in experimental animals, we studied peripheral blood T-cell subsets and natural killer cytotoxicity of 75 patients with colorectal cancer preoperatively and between 1 and 3 months postoperatively. There was no relationship between preoperative lymphocyte, T-cell, helper-cell, suppressor-cell, or natural-killer cell number or natural-killer cytotoxicity and stage of disease. One to 3 months following surgery natural-killer cells had increased more than 50% from 218 to 325 cells/cmm (T = 2.07, P = 0.0459). Natural killer cytotoxicity increased proportionally. Lymphocytes, T cells, suppressor cells, and helper cells increased insignificantly. The results suggest that potentially curative excision of solid tumors in man is eventually followed by return of immune function reflected by increased numbers of natural-killer cells. PMID- 3488808 TI - Long-term prognosis following valvular heart surgery. PMID- 3488809 TI - New system examining biological activity of thymus hormone using rosette formation assay of rat thymocytes. PMID- 3488811 TI - "SIF" cells in the sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: variety in population and innervation. AB - "Small intensely fluorescent" (SIF) cells appeared singly or, more frequently, in variably-sized clusters in the sacroccygeal 8th and 9th sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog. Smaller clusters containing only two to nine SIF cells accounted for 61% of 1773 clusters examined. The largest cluster contained 283 cells. The number of cells in individual ganglia also varied from 21 to 3332. SIF cells, solitary as well as in smaller clusters, received no distinct form of the synaptic contact. In contrast, the cells in larger clusters were frequently innervated by nerve endings that were similar in vesicular constitution to the nerve endings on principal ganglion (PG) cells. No synaptic contact was found between SIF cells and PG cells. SIF cells were also characterized by their location in the vicinity of blood capillaries with a continuous endothelium. Our observation seems to suggest that larger clusters of SIF cells receiving nerve endings are linked to a paracrine and/or endocrine system. Chemical influence via the blood stream and intraganglionic milieu for non-innervated SIF cells in the solitary or smaller clusters is a subject for speculation. An interneuronal role of SIF cells to relay stimuli to PG cells seems unlikely. The possible functions here assigned to SIF cells could be variable in efficiency depending on their population and density. PMID- 3488812 TI - Gastric leiomyoma and its manifestations in Nigerians: a series of 10 patients. PMID- 3488810 TI - Myotendinous junctions of tonic muscle cells: structure and loading. AB - Regions within frog semitendinosus muscle that are rich in tonic muscle cells were identified histochemically by myosin adenosine triphosphatase- and succinic dehydrogenase-staining procedures. Bundles of cells still attached to tendinous insertions were removed from those sites, prepared for electron microscopy and sectioned longitudinally through their myotendinous junctions. Tonic cells were identified by electron-microscopic criteria and their myotendinous junctions' morphology evaluated by morphometry. Although junctional components appear identical to those in twitch cells, the degree of membrane folding increases tonic junction area by a factor of 50.2 whereas twitch cells' junctional area is increased 22.2 times by folding relative to cells terminating as right circular cylinders. Calculations show that the tonic cell junction bears average loads of 3.4 X 10(3) N X m-2 during maximum force generation and that nearly all of the load is borne as shear stress at the junction. The junctions of twitch cells bear average loads of 1.6 X 10(4) N X m-2 during peak tension. The findings indicate that the magnitude of loading does not alone determine the degree of junctional membrane folding. Interpretation of the data in view of viscoelastic behavior of membranes indicates that duration of loading may be a functionally important correlate to degree of membrane folding at myotendinous junctions. PMID- 3488813 TI - Typhoid colitis. PMID- 3488815 TI - A conserved AU sequence from the 3' untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. AB - The mRNAs of transiently expressed genes frequently contain an AU-rich sequence in the 3' untranslated region. We introduced a 51 nucleotide AT sequence from a human lymphokine gene, GM-CSF, into the 3' untranslated region of the rabbit beta globin gene. Our experiments demonstrate that this caused the otherwise stable beta-globin mRNA to become highly unstable in vivo. The instability conferred by the AU sequence in the mRNA was partially alleviated by treatment of the cells with cycloheximide. We propose that the AU sequences are the recognition signal for an mRNA processing pathway which specifically degrades the mRNAs for certain lymphokines, cytokines, and proto-oncogenes. PMID- 3488814 TI - Cell-mediated killing: a common mechanism? PMID- 3488816 TI - Changes in sialyltransferase activity during murine T cell differentiation. AB - The main aim of our study was to investigate whether the marked decrease in the expression of peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptors during T-cell maturation in the mouse is accompanied by increased activity of sialyltransferase. By differential agglutination with PNA, mature thymocytes (PNA-) were separated from immature ones (PNA+) and the separated fractions were tested for their sialyltransferase activity with asialofetuin as acceptor. In parallel, sialyltransferase activities of hydrocortisone-resistant thymocytes and untreated thymocytes were also compared. Optimization of the enzyme assay revealed that previous results in the literature were obtained under suboptimal conditions. Using manganese chloride instead of magnesium chloride, we have now found that hydrocortisone-resistant thymocytes contain 3.3-fold more sialyltransferase activity compared to untreated thymocytes. PNA- thymocytes contain 8.1-fold more enzyme activity compared to the PNA+ cells. Studies with fluorescein conjugated PNA of the agglutinated and unagglutinated thymocyte fractions suggest that the trace amount of sialyltransferase activity found in the PNA+ fraction may result from 5 to 10% cross-contamination with PNA- cells. These results suggest that the cellular levels of sialyltransferase specific for asialofetuin may play an important role in T-cell differentiation. PMID- 3488817 TI - A fast-acting cytotoxin derived from Con A-activated porcine leukocytes. I. Biochemical characteristics and target cell specificity. AB - We here describe a new cytotoxin which was detected in serum-free culture supernatants of mitogen stimulated porcine leukocytes. The factor was precipitated at 35-45% (NH4)2 SO4 concentration, sensitive to heat, low pH, and trypsin, thus indicating its protein nature. Column chromatography on hydrophilic or hydrophobic matrices revealed amphiphilic properties. The smallest unit which was sufficient to induce complete target cell lysis had a molecular weight of 33K. This porcine cytotoxin (PCT) could be distinguished functionally from lymphotoxin (LT) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It is a fast acting mediator which exerts strong cytostatic and cytotoxic anti-tumor activity using a panel of T lymphoma target cells. PMID- 3488818 TI - Comparison of accessory cell functions of endothelial cells and monocytes: IL-2 production by T cells and PFC generation. AB - It has been previously shown that endothelial cells (EC) can modulate T-cell responsiveness by mimicking monocyte (AC) function in several different in vitro systems. We now report that EC and AC differ quantitatively in their ability to provide help for IL-2 generation and T-cell induced B-cell differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC). Equal numbers of EC were deficient when compared to AC for promoting ISC generation, but exceeded AC for IL-2 production. Adding optimal numbers of EC drive non-adherent cell cultures to produce more than twice as much IL-2 as adding any number of AC. Furthermore, small numbers of EC were capable of modulating ongoing immune responses when added to cultures containing AC. IL-2 production by PBM was doubled by the addition of enough EC to comprise only 3% of the total culture. EC do not just mimic monocytes in immune responses, but modulate these responses in unique ways. PMID- 3488819 TI - The effect of aging on the expression of interleukin 2 messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - It is well documented that the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by lymphocytes declines with increasing age. Using a cDNA probe to IL-2, the effect of age on the expression of IL-2 mRNA was studied on concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes. The induction of IL-2 mRNA by concanavalin A was maximum after 20 hr of incubation. Northern blots demonstrated that the cDNA probe to IL-2 hybridized to an 11 S to 12 S RNA species. No age-related change in the size of the IL-2 mRNA was observed. In addition, there was no evidence of an age-related change in IL-2 mRNA degradation or the post-transcriptional processing of IL-2 mRNA. The induction of IL-2 mRNA decreased 85% between 5 and 29 months and paralleled the decline in IL-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation. Therefore, the age related decline in the ability of lymphocyte population to produce IL-2 arises from a decrease in the ability of the lymphocytes to genetically express IL-2 mRNA. PMID- 3488820 TI - Modulation of the locomotory capacity of human large granular lymphocytes. AB - The regulation of the migratory capacity of Percoll-purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) into nitrocellulose filters was studied in a 2-hr assay with the use of modified Boyden chambers. Compounds that stimulate the natural killer cytotoxic function of LGL, such as interferons (natural beta, recombinant alpha A, recombinant hybrid alpha A/D, recombinant gamma), recombinant interleukin-2, and inactivated streptococci (OK 432), augmented the capacity of LGL to penetrate into filters spontaneously in the absence of chemoattractants in the lower compartment of the chamber. These compounds did not increase the LGL responsiveness to chemoattractants. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not appreciably affect the locomotory capacity of LGL but augmented their cytotoxic activity. Thus the cytotoxic function and locomotion of LGL in response to biological response modifiers can be dissociated. PMID- 3488821 TI - Alterations of the T-cell population in BXSB mice: early imbalance of 9F3-defined Lyt-2+ subsets occurs in the males with rapid onset lupic syndrome. AB - BXSB mice represent a model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Due to a Y chromosome-linked genetic defect, males of this strain suffer from SLE much earlier in life than do the females. Comparative study of male and female BXSB mice therefore provides a way to identify abnormalities of the immune system leading to accelerated SLE development. The present work is part of an effort to examine whether T-cell alterations accompany such immune abnormalities. We focused on the evolution of Lyt-2+ T-cell subsets as defined by the 9F3 monoclonal antibody (MAb). By means of two-color flow cytofluorometry analysis, 9F3+ Lyt-2+ and 9F3- Lyt-2+ cell subsets could be clearly distinguished in the lymph nodes (LN) of BXSB mice. At as early as 2 months of age, BXSB males showed an increase of 9F3+ Lyt-2+ cell frequency compared to the females. This sex related difference became more pronounced upon further aging. In 9- to 11-month old mice, 9F3+ cells accounted for 80-85% of the LN Lyt-2+ population in the males versus 40-45% in the females. This difference reflected the selective expansion of 9F3+ Lyt-2+ cells in the males. It was also observed at a younger age in autoimmune (NZW X BXSB)F1 hybrids but not in old nonautoimmune C57Bl/6 or (CBA/N X BXSB)F1 mice. Moreover, adult thymectomy of BXSB mice was found to hasten the shift of 9F3-defined Lyt-2+ subset proportions. We postulate that the early imbalance of 9F3-defined Lyt-2+ subsets seen spontaneously in BXSB males may result from some thymus dysfunction and may be related to the development of autoimmunity. PMID- 3488822 TI - In vitro effect of thymosin alpha 1 on the expression of peanut agglutinin binding by murine thymocytes. AB - Thymosin alpha 1 induces the loss of PNA binding ability by subpopulation of thymic cells. This loss is probably due to an endocytic process. Nevertheless this disappearance is not a permanent one, suggesting a recycling of the PNA binding molecule. The cells that modulate their PNA binding sites after exposure to Thymosin alpha 1 are a small proportion of the total PNA+ thymocytes, indicating that not all thymocytes are susceptible to the thymic hormone Thymosin alpha 1. Conversely the exposure of thymocytes to Thymosin alpha 1 induces the disappearance of the binding sites for this ligand without further recycling, behavior expected for the receptor of a regulatory ligand. These results also indicate that the Thymosin alpha 1 and the PNA binding sites are on different molecules on the surface of the PNA+ thymocytes. PMID- 3488823 TI - Macrophages can produce factors capable of inducing histidine decarboxylase, a histamine-forming enzyme, in vivo in the liver, spleen, and lung of mice. AB - Injection into mice of culture supernatant of P388D1 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, produced a rapid increase in histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activities in the liver, spleen, and lung. Factors in the culture supernatant capable of inducing the HDC elevation were purified by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. Throughout these procedures, the HDC-inducing activity accompanied the mitogenic activity for thymocytes or interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity. Although, because of low purity of the preparations, it is not confirmed whether the HDC inducer is IL 1 itself or not, the present results indicate that P388D1 cells can produce a factor(s) capable of inducing HDC in mouse tissues in vivo. After the injection of the HDC-inducing factor into mice, HDC induction in the tissues occurred within 2 hr and peaked at 2 to 4 hr, resulting in the increase in histamine levels 1 to 10 nmol/g tissue. These results provide important information concerning the source of endogenous histamine that might be involved in inflammatory reactions in delayed-hypersensitivity reactions or in the immune regulation observed in many in vitro systems. PMID- 3488824 TI - Establishment of T-cell hybridoma constitutively producing macrophage-dependent T cell replacing factor. AB - A T-cell hybridoma was established by the fusion of concanavalin A-stimulated splenic T cells with BW 5147. The hybridoma cells secrete a factor constitutively to support antibody formation of spleen cells depleted of T cells against TNP Ficoll but not against horse red blood cells. The activity was indicated not to be due to interleukin 2, B-cell growth factor I, B-cell growth factor II, or interferon. The factor-mediated antibody response to TNP-Ficoll required the presence of adherent cells. The adherent cell function could be replaced by the macrophage culture supernatant containing interleukin 1. B cells responding to TNP-Ficoll in the culture with hybridoma factor were indicated to be Lyb 5+ and to bear receptors for third component of complement. PMID- 3488825 TI - Response of Peyer's patch lymphocyte subsets to Giardia muris infection in BALB/c mice. II. B-cell subsets: enteric antigen exposure is associated with immunoglobulin isotype switching by Peyer's patch B cells. AB - The aim of this study was to quantify the response of Peyer's patch B cells, surface IgA-bearing (sIgA) B cells, and surface IgM-bearing (sIgM) B cells to Giardia muris infection. Following infection of a cohort of immunocompetent BALB/c mice with G. muris cysts, Peyer's patch cell suspensions were prepared at serial time points during the infection, incubated with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies directed against murine leukocytes, B cells, sIgA B cells, sIgM B cells, or T cells, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Of total Peyer's patch leukocytes, the percentages of B cells, sIgA B cells, and sIgM B cells in uninfected BALB/c mice were 64.7 +/- 2.0% (mean +/- SEM), 30.3 +/- 1.5%, and 52.5 +/- 2.4%, respectively. The total number of Peyer's patch leukocytes increased significantly (1.8 X) during G. muris infection, and returned to control levels as the infection was cleared. The percentages of Peyer's patch T and total B cells did not change significantly during Giardia infection. However, sequential changes were observed in the percentages and numbers of sIgM and sIgA B cells during the infection. Peyer's patch sIgM B cells rapidly increased in percentage and number, reaching maximum levels 1 week after cyst inoculation. After remaining constant the first week, the number of Peyer's patch sIgA B cells increased during the second week of G. muris infection, reaching a maximum level 11-14 days after cyst inoculation. The data support the hypothesis that immunoglobulin isotype switching in Peyer's patches is induced by antigen exposure. PMID- 3488826 TI - Antibody-mediated modulation of the immune response. AB - We have studied the ability of monoclonal IgM and IgG antibodies to enhance or suppress immune responses and attempted to dissect the underlying mechanisms. Both IgM and IgG1 antibodies increased the rate of clearance of antigen from the circulation. Monoclonal IgM antibody to SRBC was found to specifically increase antibody responses, enhancement being insensitive to low doses of irradiation (150 R). IgM antibody specifically depressed the delayed hypersensitivity response to SRBC in vivo. Following administration of IgM in vivo, in vitro responses to SRBC were also enhanced. This in vitro enhancement appeared to depend on both T cells and B cells. In contrast, monoclonal IgG1 antibody to SRBC specifically depressed antibody responses in vivo. Such depressed antibody responses were also seen in vitro following IgG1 in vivo and did not appear to be due to the induction of suppressor T cells. PMID- 3488827 TI - Colony-forming cells and colony-stimulating activity during listeriosis in genetically resistant or susceptible mice. AB - Serum colony-forming activity (CSA) and colony-forming cells (CFC) of resistant (C57BL/10 ScSn) and susceptible (BALB/cJ) mice were studied during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Key findings were also checked in susceptible CBA/H mice. Prompt, bacterial dose-dependent increases in serum CSA were observed in all mice following infection. In response to the same challenge dose, serum CSA increased more in susceptible mice, possibly because rapid bacterial proliferation lead to high bacterial numbers. Thus CSA is not a limiting factor which accounts for the differences in Listeria resistance, but is produced in response to bacterial load. In uninfected mice, there were higher numbers of colony-forming cells in the bone marrow and spleen of resistant mice than in susceptible mice. By 24 hr postinfection there was a sharp drop in total cell numbers including CFC, in the bone marrow of resistant C57BL/10 ScSn mice. This coincides with the time when monocytes have been first observed in the blood of infected mice and when differences in bacterial growth between the mouse strains were first observable. Since the superior resistance of C57BL/10 mice has been shown to be radiosensitive, it is probable that this larger, readily mobilized reserve of monocyte/granulocyte precursors in the resistant mice plays an important role in early control of infection. The significance of this is discussed. PMID- 3488828 TI - Dysfunction of Ia-positive antigen-presenting cells in autoimmune mice. AB - Antigen-presenting activity of spleen macrophages for T-cell activation was studied in vitro using autoimmune prone MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice, and their normal counterparts, MRL/Mp-+/+ (MRL/n) mice. In vitro induction of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific proliferative T-cell response in lymph node lymphocytes from picryl chloride-painted mice was markedly impaired in MRL/l mice. The presenting activity of TNP-hapten by spleen macrophages for proliferative T cells was also impaired in MRL/l mice. The impairment of both T cell and antigen-presenting macrophage activities was marked in older MRL/l mice, but not in younger ones. The impaired antigen-presenting activity of macrophages was not due to the development of suppressor macrophages. In accordance with the impaired antigen-presenting activity of macrophages the population of Ia-positive cells in spleen macrophages and the production of interleukin 1 by spleen macrophages were also reduced in older MRL/l mice. These results suggest that Ia positive macrophages are impaired in autoimmune prone mice and that the dysfunction of Ia-positive macrophages plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3488829 TI - Immunocytochemical identification and quantitation of mononuclear cells in the meninges during the development of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) in the guinea pig. AB - To investigate the role of mononuclear cells in the meninges at all stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, juvenile guinea pigs were inoculated with isogeneic spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in parallel with animals inoculated with FCA alone as age-matched controls. Cytospins were prepared of the meningeal inflammatory cells obtained by washing the brains of these animals. These cytospins were stained by indirect immunoperoxidase, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) recognizing "activated" macrophages (M phi s), Ia antigen, total T cells and a putatively T cell-suppressor subset, and an antiserum against immunoglobulins. The inflammatory response was quantitated and the proportions of the different cell types were determined. It was found that the total number of infiltrating cells correlated with the neurological symptoms of the disease. "Activated" M phi s increased significantly during the disease, in line with clinical signs. The expression of the Ia antigen, found on both lymphocytes and M phi s, also appeared to correlate with the disease. There was no increase in putative T suppressor-cells during remission but there was a significant rise in the proportion of both cells staining with anti-immunoglobulins and plasma cells during relapse. PMID- 3488830 TI - Human B lymphocytes capable of spontaneous Ig production in short-term cultures: characterization in the circulation and lymphoid tissues. AB - In the present work we have studied the occurrence and the characteristics of human B lymphocytes which are capable of spontaneous immunoglobulin (Ig) production in short-term cultures. It was found that this type of B cells secreted predominantly IgG and were present in the circulation as well as in the lymphoid tissue (tonsil and lymph node) of normal subjects. Tissular and circulating cell subsets exhibited many similarities: These cells produced Ig during a 3-day culture period without apparent need for T cells or monocytes. Protein and DNA synthesis were required for Ig secretion to occur. In Percoll fractionation experiments these cells showed low density, as they were mainly collected in the 42.5-45% Percoll fractions. These subsets consisted of cells considerably larger in size than the majority of B lymphocytes, as determined by Ig sedimentation. They were commonly defined as SmIg- Ia+ B cells by panning fractionation techniques. All these common characteristics suggest that these B cells have reached an advanced stage of maturation in vivo in both circulation and lymphoid tissue. Further surface marker analysis demonstrated that tissular but not circulating B-cell subset reacted with peanut agglutinin and the BA-2 monoclonal antibody which probably indicates their germinal center origin. PMID- 3488831 TI - Enhancement of cell-cell contact by a nonmitogenic lectin increases blastogenic response and IL-2 release by mitogen-stimulated mouse thymocytes. AB - We have examined the influence of peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin which agglutinates but does not stimulate mouse thymocytes, on the responsiveness of these cells to concanavalin A (Con A) or galactose oxidase stimulation. Binding low amounts of PNA on unseparated mouse thymocytes pretreated with neuraminidase highly enhances the mitogenic response and the level of interleukin 2 release in the culture medium upon Con A stimulation. We have shown that PNA present on the cell surface acts as a crosslinking agent which favors intercellular binding between accessory cells (macrophages) and thymocytes, leading through this enhanced cooperation by cell-cell contact to an enhanced blastogenic response. PMID- 3488832 TI - T-cell and antibody typing of a mouse population segregating for Sxr and H-2 haplotype. AB - During investigation of the frequency of recombination of the testis determining gene, Tdy, and the minor histocompatibility antigen gene Hya on the Sxr segment in an outbred mouse stock, we identified two fertile males, one XY and the other XYSxr, which typed H-2k positive using the H-2b anti-H-2k monoclonal antibody HB50, but whose cells failed either to stimulate H-Y specific H-2k restricted T cell clones, or to be killed by anti-H-2k or anti-H-2k restricted H-Y specific cytotoxic T cells. We investigated these two mice and their existing relatives, using H-2 and H-Y typing methods. The progeny of their test matings with H-2b homozygous C57BL/6 females were also investigated. The results indicate that the transmission of the Hya gene on the Y chromosomes from both mice, and the additional Hya gene on the Sxr segment of the carrier male, allowed for the expression of the H-Y antigen and its detection in the presence of an H-2 haplotype for which we had H-2 restricted H-Y specific typing cells (H-2b and H 2k). Furthermore, we identified the haplotype of the two original males as expressed in the H-2 homozygous and heterozygous F2 progeny as H-2q and discovered an unexpected cross reactivity of the monoclonal anti KkDk antibody HB13 with half the cells of H-2q homozygotes, but not qb heterozygotes. PMID- 3488833 TI - Chemical characterization of a fungal B-cell mitogen obtained from the fruit body of Peziza vesiculosa. PMID- 3488834 TI - Synthesis of the nonatetracontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of thymopoietin III and its effect on the impaired T-lymphocyte transformation of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. PMID- 3488835 TI - [Gastric metastasis of melanoma (report of a clinical case)]. AB - The Authors report a case of gastric metastasis from melanoma of the skin, occurring 6 years after removal of the primary neoplasm. The metastasis, which was characterized by conspicuous alimentary tract haemorrhage, called for emergency surgery consisting in a total gastrectomy with oesophago-jejunal anastomosis according to Roux. The Authors then go on to review the literature on the subject, stressing the frequency of gastrointestinal metastases in skin melanomas with an incidence affecting up to 60% of cases in autopsy series. After examining the main clinical aspects, endoscopic appearances and r-ray findings, the Authors deal at some length with prognosis, pointing out that isolated metastases may constitute a surgical indication in view of the cases of fairly good long-term survival reported in the literature. PMID- 3488836 TI - [Recent aspects of molecular genetic analysis of lymphoid B neoplasms in man]. PMID- 3488837 TI - Prevention of avoidable mutational disease: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - About 1% of children are born with a serious disorder which is the direct result of a mutational event in a parent or a more distant ancestor. These disorders, of which several thousand are known, mainly afflict the blood, bone, brain, ear, eye or muscle and the changes are usually irrevocable by the time of diagnosis. Another 1% of individuals will develop a serious genetic disease some time after birth. In addition to these direct consequences of a mutant event, far higher proportions will suffer from the indirect effects of one or several mutations.In view of their chronic and severe nature most of these disorders impose a burden disproportionate to their frequency, and it is sound public health policy to avoid the birth of babies known to have the established mutations and prevent further cases in the immediate or distant future by minimizing the exposure of people at risk to known mutagens. The advantages in permitting certain mutagenic exposures must be assessed against the later costs.Owing to the natural mutation rate and the vast backlog of previous mutations, the prospects of prevention are limited to preventing an increase, rather than to achieving any substantial decrease. This Memorandum describes progress in the ability to dissect and interpret the mutational process, to identify populations at risk, and to evaluate the consequences of the various types of mutational event and emphasizes that the current approach to prevention of mutational disease must involve improving our ability to study populations that appear to be at increased risk. PMID- 3488838 TI - [Essential drugs in cancer treatment: memorandum from a WHO meeting]. PMID- 3488840 TI - Mortality from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia: results of two surveys. AB - Two, 30-cluster, retrospective surveys of deaths from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia were conducted during 1982. The first survey, in the city of Jakarta, identified 16 deaths from neonatal tetanus among 2310 live births, giving a mortality rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The second survey covered 19 of Indonesia's 27 provinces. Fifty-three neonatal tetanus deaths occurred among 4971 live births, giving a mortality rate of 10.7 per 1000 live births. Overall, 68.8% of mothers interviewed in the second survey received antenatal care on at least two occasions when tetanus toxoid was, in principle, available. PMID- 3488839 TI - The effectiveness of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood tuberculosis in Bangkok. PMID- 3488841 TI - Surveillance of meningococcal infections and other forms of purulent meningitis: a 4-year study in the USSR. AB - The laboratory examination, by microscopic or bacteriological methods and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, of CSF and blood from 2653 patients with purulent bacterial meningitis, including those with clinically diagnosed meningococcal infection, was carried out between June 1980 and June 1984. The results showed three main etiological agents: meningococci (79.9%), pneumococci (10.8%) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (5.25%). Out of 488 Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from the CSF or blood, 58.2% belonged to serogroup A, 17.2% to serogroup B, and 14% to serogroup C; infection due to the B serogroup reached nearly 59% among children in 1984. Serotypes were determined in 131 out of 151 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the most frequent were types 1, 19 and 3; type 34, which was isolated from 4 patients, is not a component of the pneumococcal vaccine. The age groups at high risk were children under 5 years old (for meningococcal infection), adults and babies in the first year (pneumococcal meningitis), and children under 3 years, especially between 6 months and 2 years old (H.influenzae type b infection). PMID- 3488843 TI - A simple urine spot test for monitoring dapsone self-administration in leprosy treatment. AB - A simple urine spot test for monitoring patient compliance to dapsone self administration in leprosy therapy was recommended by WHO but later abandoned. The present article describes some important improvements to the test, which is characterized by its validity and straightforwardness. PMID- 3488842 TI - An international point source outbreak of typhoid fever: a European collaborative investigation. AB - A point source outbreak of Salmonella typhi, degraded Vi-strain 22, affecting 32 British visitors to Kos, Greece, in 1983 was attributed by a case-control study to the consumption of a salad at one hotel. This represents the first major outbreak of typhoid fever in which a salad has been identified as the vehicle. The source of the infection was probably a carrier in the hotel staff. The investigation demonstrates the importance of national surveillance, international cooperation, and epidemiological methods in the investigation and control of major outbreaks of infection. PMID- 3488844 TI - Epidemiological characteristics of Toxocara canis zoonotic infection of children in a Caribbean community. AB - The study reports the results of a summary of the prevalence and symptomatology of paediatric toxocariasis in Anse-la-Raye, St. Lucia. The seroprevalence of Toxocara canis among the children, as determined by ELISA, was 86%, the highest level recorded to date. In contrast, the prevalence of infection in dogs was not abnormally high, although the canine population was large and unconstrained compared to that in industrial countries. The presence of infective ova in peridomestic areas and the widespread practice of pica among children in the village probably combine to enhance exposure to infection. PMID- 3488845 TI - Risk-approach strategy in neonatal care. PMID- 3488846 TI - Risk factors for malnutrition in Brazilian children: the role of social and environmental variables. AB - The article reports the effects of several socioeconomic and environmental indicators on the nutritional status (stunting, underweight, and wasting) of a sample of 802 children aged 12-35.9 months in urban and rural areas of southern Brazil. Of the social variables studied, family income and father's education level were the two risk factors that showed the strongest associations with nutritional status. The mother's education level, employment status of the head of the family, number of siblings, and family's ethnic background also showed some degree of association, but these were less significant when family income was included in the analysis. Environmental variables, particularly the type of housing, degree of crowding, and type of sewage disposal, were also strongly associated with malnutrition. The effects of having access to piped or treated water were only apparent on stunting and wasting. PMID- 3488847 TI - Evaluating primary prevention programmes against cancer. AB - Based on current knowledge, roughly one third of all cancers worldwide are preventable, and primary prevention is increasingly seen as an important cancer control strategy. Interventions to reduce the exposure to known causes can be effected through legislation or education, or by means of vaccination or chemoprevention. Since primary prevention actions can be costly and will compete for resources needed for other disease control activities, and since there is no guarantee that they will be successful, they should not be introduced haphazardly but on the basis of scientific evaluations. This paper presents the main principles to be followed in designing such evaluations; the illustrations often, of necessity, come from other diseases (particularly cardiovascular disease), where there is considerably more experience. Because the interventions involve changes in lifestyle and behaviour, and because a long time is necessary to observe the ultimate endpoints, controlled intervention studies against cancer present many scientific and logistical difficulties. Some interventions, such as vaccination and chemoprevention (to test suspected protective agents) may be evaluated by traditional clinical trial methodology, using intermediate as well as final (cancer incidence and/or mortality) endpoints. Active, target-directed and preferably controlled health service research studies will definitely be needed to assess community or population interventions based on legislation or education. PMID- 3488850 TI - Immunoglobulin substitution therapy in a patient with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and anti-IgA antibodies. AB - Permanent immunoglobulin substitution therapy was performed in a 44-year-old patient with common variable immunodeficiency, recurrent respiratory tract infections, total absence of serum IgA and a high titre of class-specific anti IgA antibodies. An IgA-depleted i.v. immunoglobulin (IG) preparation was used. Infusions were well tolerated by the patient although minor anaphylactoid symptoms regularly occurred. Anti-IgA antibody titres rose during the first 4 months of treatment and gradually fell during the following 8 months. Regular IG substitution therapy led to a substantial improvement in the patient's health and quality of life. PMID- 3488848 TI - Pertussis: epidemiology and control. PMID- 3488849 TI - Clinical trial of folinic acid to reduce vincristine neurotoxicity. AB - In a murine model system, folinic acid demonstrated host-protective properties during administration of repetitive and lethal doses of vincristine (VCR). Subsequently, folinic acid was evaluated in patients receiving VCR during an adjuvant chemotherapy program for stage II carcinoma of the breast. The toxicities, cumulative VCR dosage, and percentage of ideal dosage observed in 18 patients receiving folinic acid have been compared with those observed in 70 patients who previously received VCR without folinic acid in the same chemotherapy program. All patients ideally were intended to receive VCR 1.0 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks, with dose modification for neurotoxicity. Treatment patients received folinic acid 800 mg PO daily in three divided doses during the 6-week course. The degree of neurotoxic manifestations of VCR was similar in the treatment and comparison patients. Absent to mild neurotoxicity was observed in approximately 70% of patients in both groups; moderate or greater neurotoxicity occurred in about 30% of patients in both groups. Full dosage (6.0 mg/m2) was attained in 7 (39%) treatment patients and 17 (24%) comparison patients (P = 0.21). The mean percentage of the ideal dosage of VCR was 73.7 +/- 28.7 in patients receiving folinic acid and 76.1 +/- 20.5 in those given only VCR (P = 0.69). Hematologic toxicities were similar in both groups, but nausea occurred more frequently in the folinic acid group. Folinic acid in this dose and schedule afforded no protection from the neurotoxic side effects of VCR. PMID- 3488851 TI - Late results of coronary bypass in patients with peripheral vascular disease. I. Five-year survival according to age and clinical cardiac status. PMID- 3488852 TI - HLA-DR antigens in alopecia areata. Preliminary report. PMID- 3488854 TI - Changes in plasma osteocalcin concentration following treatment with stanozolol. AB - Treatment of healthy, adult, human volunteers with stanozolol, 5 mg twice daily, for six weeks caused a marked elevation in circulating levels of osteocalcin. Plasma osteocalcin concentrations did not fall to pretreatment values for a period in excess of four weeks after the cessation of treatment but remained similar to levels whilst on treatment. At the same time, as the rise in plasma osteocalcin was seen, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity fell; however, in this case, a return to pretreatment levels occurred within four weeks of treatment ending. These data demonstrate that stanozolol has a detectable effect on the plasma concentration of a protein thought to be a marker of osteoblast activity, and that this effect continues for a period after treatment has been discontinued. PMID- 3488853 TI - Endogenous Pseudoallescheria boydii endophthalmitis. A clinicopathologic report. PMID- 3488855 TI - Protease inhibitor deficiencies in patients with angio-oedema. PMID- 3488856 TI - Successful treatment of autoimmunity in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice with cyclosporin and (Nva2)-cyclosporin: I. Reduction of autoantibodies. AB - Autoimmune (NZB X NZW)F1 mice were treated with the immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin, and its new derivative (Nva2)-cyclosporin. Both compounds prevented the development of autoantibodies in young mice, and also reduced the levels of the autoantibodies in old mice. These findings established that autoantibodies, at least in the (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, can be controlled pharmacologically. This study supports the possibility that treatment with cyclosporin and (Nva2) cyclosporin might be effective in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases in man. PMID- 3488857 TI - Bacterial peptidoglycan induces in vitro rheumatoid factor production by lymphocytes of healthy subjects. AB - The present studies were carried out to further characterize the polyclonal B cell activating properties of bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) and to determine if this ubiquitous agent induces in vitro IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) production by lymphocytes from healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of peptidoglycan, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a standard polyclonal B cell activator, or additional culture medium. Supernatants were harvested on days 7-8 for determination of total IgM, total IgG, and IgM RF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PG and PWM induced comparable amounts of total IgM production but PG was a less potent stimulant of total IgG production. PG induced in vitro IgM-RF production in 9/33 experiments, a frequency of response of less than that observed in corresponding PWM stimulated cultures (22/33 experiments). PG-induced IgM-RF production depended upon active protein synthesis and did not correlate with the magnitude of PG-induced total IgM production. The latter finding suggests that PG-induced IgM-RF may not merely reflect polyclonal B cell activation. These results add to a growing list of PG's functional properties and provide further impetus for considering this ubiquitous agent as a potential stimulant for in vivo RF production. PMID- 3488858 TI - Complement mediated inhibition of immune precipitation and solubilization generate different concentrations of complement anaphylatoxins (C4a, C3a, C5a). AB - Complement prevents the formation of insoluble immune complexes (inhibition of immune precipitation (IIP], and solubilizes preformed immune aggregates (solubilization (SOL]. Since the mechanism of complement activation differs in these two reactions, it is possible that they differ also in the amount of complement fragments released, in particular the anaphylatoxins C3a, C5a and C4a. We measured C4 and C3 consumption, and the formation of complement anaphylatoxins during IIP and SOL using two different immune complex models (BSA, rabbit anti BSA; tetanus toxoid (TT), human anti-TT). At equal immune complex concentrations in both models, SOL was more efficient than IIP at cleaving C3, and more C3a and C5a was released. Comparing the two reactions, C3a formation was followed by more C5 cleavage (C5a) during SOL. Similarly C4a formation (classical pathway activation) was followed by more C3 cleavage (C3a: classical and alternative pathway activations), during SOL. It is suggested that in vivo SOL of insoluble complexes is rapidly accompanied by a damaging phlogistic reaction, whereas IIP produces less inflammation. PMID- 3488859 TI - Inhibition of complement activation by IgG4 antibodies. AB - Prolonged exposure to antigens may result in high IgG4 antibody titres as was shown in a previous paper (Aalberse et al., 1983b). In novice bee keepers, a shift in the IgG1/IgG4 ratio of the response against phospholipase-A (PLA; a major component of bee venom) occurred. This resulted in an IgG4-dominated response after approximately 2 years of bee-keeping experience. Subject of the present study was the influence of relatively high concentrations of IgG4 antibodies on the biological activity of immune complexes. In the PLA antigen model, it was demonstrated that IgG4-containing immune complexes do not activate complement and that IgG4 antibodies effectively inhibit immune precipitation and complement activation by IgG1 antibodies. Evidence is provided that IgG4 antibodies inhibit binding of C1q to IgG1 in mixed, IgG1- and IgG4-containing complexes. It is proposed that IgG4 antibodies protect against the biological effects of the complement-fixing IgG subclasses. For this reason, determination of the total IgG response or just determination of antibody activity in the complement-fixing isotypes is insufficient in immune-complex diseases. The modulating effect of the non-complement-fixing isotypes should be taken into account to predict the biological activity of the immune complexes. PMID- 3488860 TI - In situ characterization of the cell-surface antigens of the mononuclear cell infiltrate and bile duct epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - To analyze the tissue distribution of mononuclear cells and HLA antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis, we studied liver biopsies of 12 patients at different stages of the disease, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies directed against T and B lymphocytes, T-cell subsets, macrophages, NK/K cells, dendritic cells, and HLA class I and II antigens. To evaluate the proportion of activated T cells we used anti-interleukin-2-receptor antibodies and a double-staining technique for T cells and class II HLA antigens. In all biopsies activated T cells predominated in the portal areas and around the damaged bile ducts. T4 cells almost always outnumbered T8 cells. While B cells, NK/K cells, and dendritic cells were always scarce, macrophages constituted about 30% of the cellular infiltrate. Biliary epithelium, which normally expresses HLA class I antigens, displayed mainly HLA class II antigens. The predominance of T4 cells around the bile ducts, which express class II antigens, suggests that class II-restricted T4 lymphocytes may mediate liver damage in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3488862 TI - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with the pre-excitation syndrome. AB - A case with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with the pre-excitation syndrome is presented. A gated-blood-pool study and Tl 201 myocardial imaging were performed using SPECT. The tomographic gated-blood pool images showed the shapes of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV), i.e., anatomically LV and RV respectively, to be reversed from that of normal patients. The relationships of the great vessels and ventricles also were easily visualized. RV hypertrophy (anatomical LV) was visualized on the Tl-201 images. Phase analysis showed the earliest excitation was in the anteroseptal region near the base of the LV, which was consistent with the site of the accessory conduction pathway. The gated-blood-pool and Tl-201 tomographic studies were helpful for demonstrating the corrected transposition of the great arteries and the pre-excitation syndrome. PMID- 3488861 TI - Tissue distribution and serum kinetics of T101 monoclonal antibody during passive anti-cancer therapy. AB - We have administered fifty-six 24 hr infusions of the anti-human T-cell monoclonal antibody T101 to 10 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and 6 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in doses of 10, 50, 100, 150, and 500 mg. The larger doses of T101 resulted in higher, more persistent serum T101 concentrations, and CTCL patients generally developed higher serum T101 levels than CLL patients given equivalent doses. The presence of host anti-mIgG antibodies prior to infusion was associated with decreased serum concentrations of T101. Treatments that demonstrated measurable serum T101 levels were also associated with in vivo T101 binding and cytodestruction of circulating target cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of bone marrow and lymph node biopsies in CLL, and skin biopsies in CTCL, suggested that T101 had reached extravascular tumor sites. Infusion of 111In-conjugated T101 showed uptake in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and (in CTCL) skin infiltrates. Our data demonstrate the tissue distribution of T101 and suggest that immunoconjugates of T101 with toxins, drugs, or radioisotopes may result in better therapeutic responses. PMID- 3488863 TI - Abnormal pelvic venous collaterals demonstrated during a gastrointestinal bleeding study. AB - A Tc-99m blood cell study, performed on a patient with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, demonstrated an unusual configuration of pelvic venous collaterals associated with idiopathic iliac vein occlusion. The cause of these findings subsequently was confirmed by intravenous digital subtraction angiography. This case demonstrates the importance of the dynamic phase of gastrointestinal bleeding studies in correctly identifying vascular abnormalities. PMID- 3488864 TI - Comparison of Listerine mouthwash and periodontal dressing following periodontal flap surgery. I. Initial findings. PMID- 3488866 TI - Use criteria for occlusal equilibration and splint therapy. I. A graphic display of the midline relationship of the maxilla and mandible. PMID- 3488865 TI - A profile of the older patient population at a suburban dental school. PMID- 3488867 TI - In vitro irradiation effects on hardness and solubility of human enamel and dentin pretreated with fluoride. PMID- 3488868 TI - Comparison of cell-associated phosphate in Actinomyces israelii ATCC 12103 and Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039. PMID- 3488869 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in heparin-associated thrombocytopenia with thrombosis. AB - Use of urokinase to treat heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in one patient is described, and various treatments proposed for this syndrome are discussed. A 56-year-old man received an intravenous bolus dose of heparin sodium at his local hospital and was transferred to another institution for treatment of suspected pulmonary embolism; he had received heparin two weeks earlier during coronary angiography. The patient's platelet count was reported to be normal before heparin administration. When embolism was confirmed, heparin was discontinued and streptokinase was given for 24 hours. Heparin infusion was then restarted at 1000 units/hr and continued for four days. Platelet count on admission to the second hospital was 47,000/cu mm; 12 hours later it was 19,000/cu mm, and it remained low despite platelet transfusions. Five days after admission, deep-vein thrombosis developed in the left leg. Heparin was discontinued and urokinase and warfarin were started. Urokinase was infused at 320,000 IU/hr for 12 hours and continued at dosages of 160,000-320,000 IU/hr for a total of 40 hours. The initial warfarin sodium dose was 15 mg, followed by a dosage of 10 mg/day. Symptoms of deep-vein thrombosis improved within 12 hours and platelet count increased after heparin was discontinued. If it is recognized early enough, heparin-associated thrombocytopenia can be reversed by discontinuation of heparin. Transfusions of platelets are of little benefit. Dipyridamole, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin, and protamine sulfate may be useful. Long term anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended to prevent recurrent thrombosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3488870 TI - [Symptomatic and asymptomatic vaginitis. Microbiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 3488871 TI - Analysis of nystagmus response to pseudorandom velocity input. AB - This report describes a method to analyse the vestibular system when subjected to a pseudorandom angular velocity input. A sum of sinusoids (pseudorandom) input lends itself to analysis by linear frequency methods. Resultant horizontal ocular movements were digitized, filtered and transformed into the frequency domain. Programs were developed and evaluated to obtain the auto spectra of input stimulus and resultant ocular response, cross spectra, the estimated vestibular ocular system transfer function gain and phase, and coherence function between stimulus and response functions. PMID- 3488872 TI - Occupation and education in relation to risk factors of ischaemic heart disease in the male industrial population. AB - In a sample of 3,757 men aged 40-50 years, all employees of a large industrial plant, the authors studied the prevalence of several risk factors (RF) of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in relationship to profession and education of probands. Blue collar workers were more frequently heavy smokers and regular alcohol consumers than white collars. Compared with other workmen professions a tendency towards a higher risk profile was present in employees doing strenuous manual work. These were heavier smokers, had higher blood pressure and serum cholesterol. Within white-collar professions a higher risk profile was observed in managers with high responsibility than in personnel of the research and development departments. The former were heavier smokers, had higher serum cholesterol and greater overweight. The education level was in indirect association with smoking, hypertension and obesity but correlated directly with regular alcohol consumption. Socio-economic factors evidently influence the prevalence of risk factors of IHD also in the Czech industrial population. PMID- 3488873 TI - Use of an arterial pH catheter immediately after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - An arterial pH catheter was inserted into a femoral artery of 15 patients immediately after coronary artery bypass grafting. Catheter pH measurements correlated well with conventional blood gas measurements during the first 12 h postsurgery, and revealed rapid pH changes during weaning and bronchial suctioning. This device is a promising step in the development of a complete on line blood gas analyzer. PMID- 3488874 TI - Upper-airway obstruction as a complication of oral anticoagulation therapy. AB - We treated a patient for warfarin-induced sublingual hematoma causing upper airway obstruction. This complication of oral anticoagulation therapy is rare; only three other cases have been reported in the English literature. All reported patients developed acute respiratory embarrassment necessitating emergency airway establishment. Sublingual hematomas usually resolve spontaneously, and surgical drainage is rarely necessary. PMID- 3488876 TI - Combined valve replacement and coronary bypass surgery. Results in 127 operations stratified by surgical risk factors. AB - The results of 127 operations with both valve replacement and coronary bypass were compared with all 5,053 operations involving coronary bypass performed from August 1972 through June 1985. Both groups were stratified by the number of risk factors (age over 70 years, bad ventricle, extensive endarterectomy, and reoperation). Compared with all bypass operations, valve replacement had no effect on surgical mortality except in the group at highest risk. Conversely, valve replacement was associated with reduced late survival in all but those at highest risk. Results with tissue valves were better than with mechanical, but statistical significance was lacking. Relief of angina was equal. Ischemic mitral insufficiency continues to be the greatest challenge, with 46 percent five-year survival. We conclude that combined valve replacement and bypass surgery can be performed successfully, even in the patients at higher risk; however, this operation should be performed only by teams with demonstrated success in surgically treating advanced coronary artery disease. PMID- 3488875 TI - Effect of blood transfusions on macrophage function in a burned animal model. PMID- 3488877 TI - Relationship between serum IgE and cross-sectional and longitudinal FEV1 in two cohort studies. AB - Evidence is accumulating that elevated levels of serum IgE may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic airflow obstruction. We examined this question using data on 863 subjects drawn from two cohort studies which we have followed over a period of nine to 11 years. One, the Portland cohort, represents a working population aged 25 to 55 years at baseline. The second, the Screening Center cohort, spans a wider age range (18 to 87 years at baseline) and is biased towards respiratory disease. Spirometric tests and respiratory symptom questionnaires have been administered five times over a nine-year period for the Portland cohort, and over an 11-year period for the Screening Center cohort. IgE was measured one time towards the end of the follow-up. Our data confirm the finding that smokers tend to have higher IgE levels than nonsmokers. For the combined sample, geometric mean levels of IgE were 31.0 IU/ml among smokers and 17.4 IU/ml among nonsmokers. Levels among ex-smokers were intermediate. Among smokers, IgE was not related to either amount smoked or pack-years. Cross sectionally, FEV1 was inversely related to IgE in the Screening Center cohort, but not in the Portland cohort study. Among smokers, this association was only present for those subjects with symptoms of chronic bronchitis (chronic cough/sputum production). We found no association of IgE with longitudinal rate of decline of FEV1 in either cohort. These findings are consistent with other studies and support the hypothesis that serum IgE is inversely related to function level cross-sectionally, but is not predictive of rate of decline of lung function. PMID- 3488878 TI - In honor of Dr. Sarah Branham, a star is born. The realization of Branhamella catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen. PMID- 3488879 TI - [Which factors determine early occlusion of aortocoronary venous transplants? An intraoperative analysis of surgical parameters]. AB - From 1978 to 1982 1 364 patients received an aorto-coronary vein graft, reoperations not included. Immediately after the operation the surgeon had to document the intraoperatively taken findings like diameter and quality of the coronary arteries, diameter and quality of the veins, quality of the aorta, bypass-flow according to a standardized protocol. 806 patients could be coronarographied 8 weeks after. The influence of intraoperative findings on the early occlusion of aorto-coronary vein grafts is discussed. PMID- 3488880 TI - [Sarcoidosis: report of 37 cases]. PMID- 3488881 TI - [Analysis of epidemiological data of psychoses other than schizophrenia]. PMID- 3488882 TI - [Study of the prevalence of various mental disorders and analysis of the data]. PMID- 3488883 TI - [Epidemiological study of affective psychosis]. PMID- 3488884 TI - [Evaluation of BCG vaccination programme in the rural areas of Beijing]. PMID- 3488885 TI - Influence of selective mesenteric arteriography on the outcome of emergency surgery for massive, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A 15-year experience. AB - From 1970 to 1984, 64 patients with massive hemorrhage of lower gastrointestinal origin were treated at the intensive care unit, Surgical Department, Malmo General Hospital. The records of these patients have been studied retrospectively. Emergency exploration for hemostasis was performed on 31 patients, while in 33 patients hemorrhage stopped with conservative therapy. Acute selective mesenteric arteriography revealed the bleeding site in 16 of 28 patients (57 percent). The commonest bleeding sources detected by selective mesenteric arteriography were diverticular disease and angiodysplastic lesions of the colon. Fourteen patients with positive arteriography finding were operated on as emergencies, resulting in two postoperative deaths. Ten patients were operated on as emergencies without preoperative arteriography. Despite intraoperative efforts, no bleeding source was found in three of those patients. In the remaining seven patients, the diagnoses were similar to the 14 patients with positive arteriography. Five of 10 patients in this group died postoperatively. Emergency laparotomy eventually was necessary in seven of 12 patients with negative arteriography. This group had a variety of diagnoses and no postoperative mortality. Positive preoperative mesenteric arteriography findings allowed the surgeon to perform a limited resection of the bleeding bowel segment with a reduced postoperative mortality. PMID- 3488886 TI - Cystic fibrosis, Crohn's colitis, and adult meconium ileus equivalent. AB - A 23-year-old man with cystic fibrosis developed massive rectal bleeding that continued intermittently, necessitating an emergency laparotomy and total colectomy. The resected colon was shortened by fibrosis and displayed widespread excessive production of mucus, forming a carpetlike layer over the mucosa as well as segmental discrete areas of mucosal ulceration with fissures, transmural inflammation, and multiple epithelioid granulomas, which are in keeping with Crohn's disease. One case, in a seven-year-old girl, had been reported previously. PMID- 3488887 TI - The use of thumbtacks to stop massive presacral hemorrhage. AB - Massive bleeding from the sacral basivertebral vein is uncommon and can be fatal because conventional methods to control the bleeding are often futile. Occlusion of the bleeding site with a titanium thumbtack is easy and effective. PMID- 3488888 TI - Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of diabetes mellitus in Wadena, Marshall, and Grand Rapids, Minnesota: the Three-City Study. AB - The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in concert with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) conducted population-based studies of diabetes mellitus in three Minnesota communities. The use of hospital and clinic records alone for case ascertainment purposes would have missed 16% of study-eligible diabetic individuals. Thus, studies that use only hospital or clinic records may present a biased view of the natural history of diabetes. Physician-defined diabetes without additional diagnostic review yielded a prevalence of 1.6% (age standardized to the 1970 US Caucasian population). Diabetes incidence was 117 per 100,000 (age standardized to the same population). These results compare well with those of a Mayo Clinic population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, and indicate the utility of physician-defined diabetes as an epidemiologic case definition. Despite differences in population size and structure as well as different medical care systems, diabetes incidence, prevalence, and mortality in these communities was remarkably similar. PMID- 3488890 TI - Monochromatic electroretinogram of deutan defect in the presence of intense red adaptation. AB - Monochromatic electroretinograms (ERGS) of deutans were recorded in the presence of intense red adaptation. The responses of some deutans were barely detectable or remarkably reduced, with the maximum response at the same wavelength (570-580 nm) as that under white adaptation. Those of other deutans showed a slight shift of the peak wavelength and the spectral pattern toward the shorter wavelength side although the amplitudes of the responses were much lower than those of normals under the same adaptation. These two types of change of spectral response patterns by intense red adaptation were investigated in relation to the anomaloscopic findings. The presence of the peak shift of the spectral pattern caused by red adaptation may depend on the degree of contribution of the green cone system to color vision in the deutan. PMID- 3488889 TI - Spectral characteristics of early receptor potential in congenital red-green color blindness. AB - The spectral response curve (amplitude versus wavelength) of the R2 of the early receptor potential (ERP) was studied in normal, protan, and deutan subjects. The R2 amplitude peaked at 520 nm in most normal subjects. The R2 at long wavelengths was smaller than normal in protans and larger than normal in deutans when the maximum amplitudes were normalized to 100% at the peak. The ratio of the R2 amplitude at 460 nm to that at 600 nm clearly differed between protans and deutans. The ERP and the rapid off-response, which is mainly due to the cessation of the late receptor potential, were recorded in the same subjects. The ratio of the sensitivity of the rapid off-response at 500 nm to that at 600 nm was correlated with the ratio of the R2 amplitude at 460 nm to that at 600 nm (correlation coefficient, 0.823, p less than 0.001). This study, in conjunction with our previous study, indicates that the abnormality is in the outer segments of the cones in protans and deutans. PMID- 3488891 TI - Electroretinographic off-response in congenital red-green color deficiency and its genetic carrier. AB - The spectral sensitivity of the rapid off-response in the electroretinogram is found to be abnormal in all protans and deutans so far tested, and in some of their genetic carriers. The rapid off-response is an objective means of assessing the x-linked recessive color deficiencies and their carrier state. PMID- 3488892 TI - Evaluation of enzyme inhibition data in screening for new drugs. AB - Enzyme inhibitors selected from either natural product screening or synthetic chemistry programmes can be characterized according to a number of criteria to determine their usefulness as potential drug candidates. Inhibition may be classified as either irreversible or reversible. Irreversible inhibitors may be described with respect to first order rate constants or half-times for inactivation. Reversible inhibitors should be evaluated with respect to Ki values rather than I50 values. Assays should be designed using the simplest and most precise procedures available. If possible, assays utilizing continuously recording methods should be selected. When reversible inhibitors are desired, greater sensitivity for inhibition is achieved using low substrate concentrations. For irreversible inhibitors or tight-binding competitive inhibitors, low enzyme concentrations also result in greater inhibitory sensitivity. The order of addition of enzyme and substrate should be varied to determine whether inhibition requires preincubation of enzyme and inhibitor for maximum effect. Time-dependence of inhibition should also be established. Enzyme inhibitors should be specific for the enzyme that is being targeted. Novel competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme were isolated in the author's laboratory using the above philosophy of screening for enzyme inhibitors. The properties of the muraceins, phenacein and aspergillomarasmine A' are discussed. PMID- 3488893 TI - [Programmed stimulation in studying and treating ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 3488894 TI - Emergence of resistance in gram-negative bacteria: a risk of broad-spectrum beta lactam use. AB - A number of new beta-lactam antibiotics have been developed to overcome bacterial resistance to older agents. Such resistance usually is caused by plasmid mediated, constituently produced beta-lactamases. Second- and third-generation cephalosporins, ureidopenicillins, acylamino penicillins, and monobactams generally are resistant to hydrolysis by these enzymes. However, inducible beta lactamases may confer resistance to these antibiotics. This induction may occur spontaneously or in response to cefoxitin or other beta-lactam agents. The mechanisms by which inducible enzymes produce this resistance are reviewed and implications for the prophylactic and therapeutic use of newer beta-lactams are considered. PMID- 3488895 TI - Bacteroides fragilis: current susceptibilities, mechanisms of drug resistance, and principles of antimicrobial therapy. AB - The Bacteroides fragilis group of organisms includes the most clinically important anaerobic bacteria. Optimal therapy of infections in which these organisms are involved includes adequate and timely surgical drainage of all collections, debridement of necrotic tissue, optimal nutritional support, and administration of appropriate empiric antibiotics to cover both the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial components of these mixed infections. Special attention must be paid to the B. fragilis group because of its high rate of resistance to many of the commonly used antibiotics. Of the currently available beta-lactam antibiotics, piperacillin has the lowest rate of resistance. Successful antimicrobial agents include clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and metronidazole plus an aminoglycoside. Piperacillin, cefoxitin, and moxalactam can be used with an aminoglycoside or alone if no resistant organisms are revealed on culture and susceptibility testing. Beta-lactam-based regimens are potentially less toxic and may be less costly than those that contain one or more non-beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 3488896 TI - [Correlations of B- and T-cell immune systems]. PMID- 3488897 TI - [Changes in the perioperative therapy in dental surgical procedures in patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome]. PMID- 3488898 TI - [Jaw surgery in patients undergoing anti-coagulant therapy. Low-dose heparin versus fibrin-glue systems]. PMID- 3488900 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the combined preparation trimezole--Farmakhim. II. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of trimezole and biseptol in healthy volunteers]. PMID- 3488899 TI - [A new dry fibrin glue system for the treatment of patients with hemorrhagic diathesis following dental surgery]. PMID- 3488901 TI - [Comparative study of the analgesic, antipyretic and anti-exudative activity of the metamizole and paracetamol combination "Biocetalon"]. PMID- 3488902 TI - The anterior root response in the lumbar SEP of rat after stimulation of the tibial nerve. PMID- 3488904 TI - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose-specific phosphotransferase system in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Evidence for a shift in the midpoint potential of the dithiol redox center during turnover of the carrier. AB - Redox titrations of the fructose-specific carrier protein, EFruII, in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides show that only the reduced form of the enzyme is active. The oxidized form of the enzyme can still be phosphorylated but is unable to transfer the phosphoryl group to fructose. The redox properties of the enzyme change upon phosphorylation. The reduction rate of EFruII is slower than that of EFruII-P, whereas the opposite is true for the oxidation rate. Consequently the midpoint potential of the redox centre is more negative on EFruII than EFruII-P, most likely due to an upwards pK shift of the thiols upon phosphorylation. The measurements indicate that the phosphotransferase system is regulated by the redox potential in a way that is dependent on the substrate concentrations. We propose that the change in the midpoint potential during turnover could be a mechanism for an electron transport function of the carrier. The binding of Zn2+ protects the carrier dithiol against oxidation but the presence of Zn2+ does not stimulate the reduction of the oxidized carrier. PMID- 3488903 TI - Granules of cytolytic T-lymphocytes contain two serine esterases. AB - Cytoplasmic granules from cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL) contain two proteins which react with the serine esterase-specific affinity label diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). One of these is a trypsin-like esterase which consists of two disulfide-linked 35-kd subunits. The other consists of a single 29-kd chain. Both molecules are induced concomitantly with cytolytic activity and perforin activity in a CTL-derived T-cell hybrid. PMID- 3488905 TI - The effects of platelet-derived transforming growth factor beta on normal human diploid gingival fibroblasts. AB - Studies of the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta on normal human diploid gingival fibroblasts (HGF) have been carried out to determine possible physiological effects of this growth factor. Responses distinctly different from those characterized using established cell lines were observed. Whether alone, or in combination with EGF (2.5 ng/ml), human platelet-derived TGF-beta (0.1 ng/ml or 1.0 ng/ml) did not induce anchorage-independent growth of HGFs in soft agar assays. However, TGF-beta with EGF acted synergistically in promoting a 1.8-fold increase in anchorage-dependent proliferation of quiescent HGFs. At the same concentrations TGF-beta alone stimulated the incorporation of [35S]methionine into both cellular (cell-layer) and matrix (medium) proteins by as much as 3-fold and 1.7-fold respectively. Densitometric analysis of fluorographs of radiolabeled media proteins separated by SDS-PAGE revealed that the TGF-beta-stimulated protein synthesis was selective. However, synthesis of collagen, the major protein synthesized and secreted by HGFs, was stimulated by TGF-beta to the same extent as the average secreted protein. Protein synthesis and cell proliferation were significantly greater in subconfluent cells compared to confluent and multilayered cells. These effects are likely to reflect physiological activity of platelet-derived TGF-beta which may act to promote the wound healing response. PMID- 3488908 TI - Lysis of bystander target cells after triggering of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Human cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for class I HLA antigens were used to investigate whether triggering of CTL leads to killing of innocent bystander target cells. After triggering of CTL by their specific target cells, lysis of bystander targets was detected in a 7-h cytotoxicity assay. Considerable differences were found in the susceptibility of various target cells to this type of lysis. Targets susceptible to this bystander lysis were also susceptible to lysis by CTL triggered by F(ab')2 fragments of an anti-T3 monoclonal antibody, whereas other targets were resistant to both types of cytotoxicity. Triggering of CTL by oxidized target cells or via a T3-independent activation pathway led to bystander lysis detectable already after 4 h. Bystander lysis was considerably enhanced under conditions that facilitated a non-specific cell contact between CTL and bystander target. We conclude that a function besides antigen recognition of the T cell receptor on CTL is to direct killing to the target cell. This directing, however, is incomplete and destruction of innocent bystanders can be detected under appropriate conditions. PMID- 3488907 TI - Heterogeneity of responsiveness of chronic lymphocytic leukemic B cells to B cell growth factor or interleukin 2. AB - We compared the proliferative responses of purified human leukemic B cells from 12 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to highly purified B cell growth factor (BCGF) and recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) spontaneously, and in a coactivation assay using anti-mu monoclonal antibodies. Heterogeneity of response to one or the other lymphokine was observed from case to case. Spontaneous responses were observed to BCGF in one case, to rIL 2 in 3 cases and to both lymphokines in one other case. Costimulation with anti-mu monoclonal antibody induced a proliferative response to BCGF in 3 additional cases and to rIL 2 in 4 cases. Interestingly, cells from BCGF-responsive cases also proliferated in response to rIL 2. The leukemic B cells from 4 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were unresponsive. Cells from 5 cases expressed IL 2 receptors, although rIL 2 induced a direct proliferative response in only 3 of these cases. Expression of the B cell activation antigen B5 was associated to BCGF responsiveness. PMID- 3488909 TI - Ontogeny of priming of cytotoxic T cells to minor alloantigens: the development of direct priming precedes that of cross-priming. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes of heterozygous adult mice primed in vivo with minor alloantigens on cells of one parental H-2 genotype can be boosted in vitro to respond to minor alloantigens on cells of both the immunizing parental H-2 genotype (direct priming) and of the H-2 genotype of the other parent (cross priming). We studied the ontogeny of this phenomenon and show that during early postnatal life the development of direct priming precedes that of cross-priming. The delayed maturation of cross-primed responses parallels the known development time sequence of functional antigen-presenting cells and provides evidence for the explanation of cross-priming in terms of antigen processing. PMID- 3488910 TI - Composition of the lymphoid cell populations from omental milky spots during the immune response in C57BL/Ka mice. AB - The lymphoid cell composition of milky spots was analyzed in unprimed mice before and after i.p. immunization with sheep red blood cells. Milky spots contained surface immunoglobulin-positive B lymphocytes, and T cells of the helper and cytotoxic phenotype. After secondary antigen challenge the number of lymphocytes increased up to 40-fold, B and T cells were found to segregate into distinct areas in situ, and lymphocytes were found to associate with I-A-negative stromal cells in vivo. These findings qualify milky spots as a peripheral lymphoid organ exhibiting a remarkable change in number and composition of lymphocytes in response to a local antigen stimulus. PMID- 3488906 TI - Long latency muscle responses in cerebellar diseases. AB - Long latency reflexes were measured from the hand muscles of 27 patients suffering from different cerebellar diseases (12 diffuse cerebellar atrophies, 7 cerebellar hemispheric infarcts, 8 Friedreich's disease) and from 45 controls after electrical stimulus of the median nerve at the wrist. The M3 response (latency about 70 ms) was increased in about 50% of cerebellar atrophy cases and occasionally (10 of 12 cases) separated from the M2 response (50 ms). M3 was sometimes (3/7) increased and the M2-3 complex was prolonged ipsilaterally in cases of cerebellar infarcts. In the cases of Friedreich's ataxia M2 was always lost uni or bilaterally because of the disturbance of afferent or efferent fibres. The latencies of the spinal reflex M1 and also of M2 were not always increased strongly enough to be clearly separated from the normal values. PMID- 3488911 TI - Immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in B cell-depleted mice: evidence for B cell and antibody-independent protection by memory T cells. AB - Immunity against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in anti-IgM-treated B cell-depleted mice was evaluated. We found that the following immune phenomena were independent of antibodies: the generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells; the footpad swelling response against locally injected LCMV; natural killer cell activity basic levels or after LCMV or poly(I) X poly(C) stimulation; immunopathologically mediated LCM after primary intracerebral inoculation; immunological memory in LCMV-immune mice assessed by immune protection against LCM after intracerebrally injected virus or as resistance against the local footpad swelling response to LCMV. This study demonstrates that humoral immunity plays no crucial role in immune protection and immunopathology in murine LCMV infection and suggests that protective memory T cell function is B cell and antibody independent. PMID- 3488912 TI - Effect of anti-Ia treatment on the production of anti-DNA antibody by NZB mice. AB - A cell transfer system was used to study the effect of anti-Ia antibodies on anti DNA-producing B cells. B cells from autoimmune New Zealand Black (NZB) mice were necessary and sufficient to transfer anti-DNA antibody production to congenic NZB. xid recipients. Anti-Ia treatment of either donors or recipients led to a significant reduction in the number of B cells secreting anti-DNA antibody. This effect was detectable after as little as 3 days of treatment and persisted for at least 1 month after the cessation of therapy. In this system, we could find no evidence of suppressor cell induction. These data suggest that anti-Ia antibodies directly suppress autoantibody-producing B lymphocytes. PMID- 3488914 TI - Occurrence of two beta-tubulin isoforms with different polymerizing abilities in L5178Y cells. AB - Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells express at least two isoforms of beta-tubulin, designated M beta I and M beta II, as revealed by isoelectrofocusing, whereas two independently isolated normal T-cell clones, 3D10 and K23, express only M beta I. M beta II-tubulin is more acidic (pI, 5.10) than M beta I-tubulin (pI, 5.15). L5178Y cells were disrupted under the microtubule-stabilizing conditions, followed by centrifugation to separate fractions containing polymerized and unpolymerized tubulin. We found that a proportion of M beta II to total beta tubulins is larger in the fraction containing unpolymerized tubulin than in that containing polymerized tubulin. In addition, when tubulin was purified from extracts of L5178Y cells by repeated cycles of polymerization-depolymerization, the M beta II-tubulin isoform was gradually lost during the successive purification steps. The low recovery of M beta II-tubulin was observed, irrespective of the presence or absence of MAPs, and even in the presence of an excess amount of essentially polymerizable porcine brain tubulin. These results indicate that M beta II-tubulin is less able to polymerize than is M beta I tubulin, both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3488913 TI - Characterization of human T cell-derived IgE-potentiating factor. AB - We have previously shown that Fc epsilon receptor-positive (Fc epsilon R+) T cell lines from patients with the hyper IgE syndrome secrete IgE-binding factors which selectively enhance IgE but not IgG synthesis in cultures of B cells obtained from patients with allergic rhinitis but not from nonatopic subject. In the present study we have tested the effect of supernatants from Fc epsilon R+ T cell lines on a large panel of B cells from atopic patients (n = 20). We found that IgE synthesis was selectively enhanced only in B cell cultures in which there was ongoing spontaneous synthesis of IgE. The target of IgE-potentiating factor(s) was a large low-density B cell present in the circulation of responding atopic donors. In addition, we further characterized IgE-potentiating factors derived from Fc epsilon R+ T cell lines. The factor(s) fractionated into 2 peaks on Sephadex G-75 with approximate molecular masses of 15,000 and 60,000 kDa, and had affinity for lentil lectin but not for peanut agglutinin. Release of IgE potentiating factor(s) was enhanced by the addition of exogenous human IgE to Fc epsilon R+ T cell cultures and was inhibited by tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N glycosylation. These studies suggest a close homology between the physicochemical characteristics of human and rodent IgE-potentiating factors and the immune signals which modulate production of these IgE regulatory factors. PMID- 3488915 TI - Pre-B and non-T/non-B leukemia cell lines BV-173, KM-3, NALM-6, and REH: changes in isoenzyme profiles during induction of differentiation. AB - The ability of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to induce stable phenotypic changes that serve as markers of differentiation was examined in the non-T/non-B leukemia cell lines KM-3 and REH and in the pre-B leukemia cell lines BV-173 and NALM-6. Isoenzymes of the enzymes carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal polyacrylamide thin-layer gels, were used to monitor induced changes. TPA in different concentrations completely or partially inhibited cell proliferation, but had no drug-related cytotoxicity. No increase in the number of nitro-blue-tetrazolium-reducing cells nor adherence to plastic surface was found. In all four cell lines, TPA caused an increase in number and staining intensity of esterase, acid phosphatase, and LDH isoenzymes. The resulting isoenzyme profiles corresponded to those seen at more mature intermediate stages of B-cell proliferation, but did not indicate a terminal differentiation to mature B cells. The loss of the hexosaminidase I isoenzyme, which is a marker of immature hematopoietic cells, was a further indicator of induced maturation. These results demonstrate that while TPA is capable of inducing various immature non-T/non-B and pre-B cell lines to differentiate, the differentiation progression appears to be restricted to intermediate stages, in contrast to the terminal differentiation inducible in myeloid cells. PMID- 3488916 TI - A role for the macrophage in normal hemopoiesis. I. Functional capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophages to release hemopoietic growth factors. AB - Almost pure macrophage populations were obtained when mouse bone marrow cells were cultured under low-oxygen tension on hydrophobic Teflon foils. Macrophage content was determined using nonspecific esterase staining and binding of the mouse, macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody directed against the F4/80 antigen. Using both these techniques, the macrophage content present after 14 days in culture was approximately 98%. This represented an approximate two- to fourfold increase over the initial macrophage content present in primary bone marrow cell suspensions. Granulocytes and erythroblasts were found to be the contaminating cell types. No T-lymphocytes were present at 14 days of culture. The activities of three hemopoietic growth factors (erythropoietin, colony stimulating factor, and a factor enhancing early erythroid progenitor cells [BFU E] and stimulating in vitro multipotential stem cells) present in the supernatant were shown to increase in parallel with macrophage content. The results demonstrate that bone-marrow-derived macrophage populations are functionally capable of producing and secreting hemopoietic growth factors. These results form the basis of a hypothesis in which the macrophage is perceived as a regulator cell for hemopoiesis. PMID- 3488917 TI - Human placental conditioned medium contains monocyte-derived recruiting activity (MRA). AB - Monocyte-derived recruiting activity (MRA) stimulates the release of granulopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF) by endothelial cells. We carried out studies designed to test the hypotheses that human placental conditioned medium (HPCM), a widely utilized source of CSA for in vitro studies, contains both MRA and CSA and that these molecules could be separated on the basis of their isoelectric points. In five separate studies, concentrated samples of HPCM were chromatofocused and fractions tested in bioassays for MRA and CSA. We found that HPCM contains both MRA and CSA, that the majority of the MRA eluted at a pH of from 7.6 to 8.2 and was 2000-fold purified. CSA eluted at pH 5.6 or below. No CSA was detectable in the major MRA peak. We conclude that HPCM contains heterogeneous granulopoietic activities, that the isoelectric points of MRA and CSA are substantially different and that chromatofocusing provides a rapid single step method for separating these two distinct granulopoietic factors from complex conditioned media. PMID- 3488918 TI - Competition between retinol and 3,4-didehydroretinol for esterification in crude pigment epithelial cell fractions. AB - The membrane fraction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the frog (Rana pipiens) catalyzed the esterification of tritiated retinol to retinyl esters. This esterification reaction was inhibited in the presence of 3,4 didehydroretinol. PMID- 3488919 TI - [7-Chloro(phenylthio)-4-phenylaminoquinolines. Study of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity]. AB - Some 7-chloro(phenylthio)-4-phenylaminoquinolines substituted in the benzene rings were prepared and subject to the Winter test for potential antiinflammatory activity and the acetic acid test for analgesic activity. Derivative (I) was devoid of antiinflammatory properties but showed interesting analgesic activity although this was 30 times weaker than that of indomethacin used as reference substance. The DL50/DE50 ratio is greater than 16 for derivative (I) and 3 for indomethacin. The other compounds had no or only slight activity. PMID- 3488920 TI - High-level production and isolation of human recombinant alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in yeast. AB - The cDNA coding for mature human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) has been inserted into a variety of yeast expression vectors. Yeast cells transformed with these plasmids were then assayed for the production of mature, unglycosylated alpha 1-PI. The production level is optimal when the recombinant plasmid carries the TDH promoter, the complete 2mu and the leu2D selection marker. Biologically active recombinant alpha 1-PI can be purified either analytically, by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody, or on a large scale, by a procedure involving precipitation of high-Mr yeast material with polyethylene glycol 3300 followed by successive chromatography on DEAE agarose, Zn-chelate agarose, kappa-chain agarose, heparin-agarose and aminohexyl agarose. PMID- 3488921 TI - Aggregation of plasma Z type alpha 1-antitrypsin suggests basic defect for the deficiency. AB - The abnormal type of alpha 1-antitrypsin, PI (protease inhibitor) type Z, is associated with inclusion bodies in the liver, which contain non-secreted alpha 1 antitrypsin. Our studies show that Z protein has an inherent tendency to aggregate, even in plasma. Depending upon conditions, from 15 to 70% of the Z protein in plasma was in a high-Mr form, compared with 1.5% of M type alpha 1 antitrypsin. The high-Mr complex in plasma cannot be disaggregated using Triton X detergent or reducing conditions. This increased tendency to aggregate can be explained by the mutation affecting, tertiary structure and salt bridge formation in Z protein. We have observed this same tendency to aggregate for Mmalton alpha 1-antitrypsin, a rarer variant also associated with a plasma deficiency. PMID- 3488923 TI - Activation of killer cells from blood of urinary bladder carcinoma patients by short-term treatment with recombinant interleukin 2. AB - Highly purified recombinant human interleukin 2 induced cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from urinary bladder carcinoma patients and from control healthy donors when added during an 18-h 51Cr microcytotoxicity assay against bladder carcinoma (T24) target cells. Similar levels of killer cell activation were detected in mononuclear cell preparations from bladder carcinoma patients and control healthy donors; hence, no defect in the responsiveness of bladder carcinoma patients' lymphocytes to interleukin 2 could be observed. The effect of the recombinant interleukin 2 was dose-dependent. Addition of monoclonal antibody 7E9 directed against cell-type restricted antigen associated with the T24 target cells and capable of inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity could not increase the cytotoxicity-inducing effects of interleukin 2. PMID- 3488922 TI - The oviductal cilia and Kartagener's syndrome. AB - Women who have Kartagener's syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia) may or may not be fertile. The bronchial mucociliary clearance is reduced markedly in most of these women; this has led investigators to the conclusion that the cilia in the respiratory tract are immotile, and that "beating cilia may have no indispensable role in the female reproductive tract." Yet motile cilia are considered by many workers to be essential for normal ovum transport. More recently, bizarre ciliary motion has been described in the respiratory cilia of Kartagener's women. Our hypothesis was that the dyskinetic ciliary activity (or immotility) would be the same in both the respiratory and reproductive tracts and thus explain the fertility (or lack of it) in Kartagener's women. This report shows an identical ultrastructure and absolute immotility of cilia in both the respiratory tract and reproductive tract of a woman with Kartagener's syndrome who has never conceived. From this concordance, we suggest that the fertility of Kartagener's women is explained by the dyskinetic motion of oviductal cilia, and that the ciliated endosalpinx is essential for human reproduction. PMID- 3488924 TI - Local treatment with human recombinant interleukin 2 inhibits growth of MC induced sarcomas in syngeneic mice. AB - In previous communications we have demonstrated that crude rat interleukin 2 and partially purified mouse interleukin 2 were capable of inhibiting growth of transplantable, MC-induced mouse sarcomas in syngeneic recipients. Here we report that repeated peritumoral injections of highly purified human recombinant interleukin 2 can inhibit growth of these mouse sarcomas and prolong survival of tumour-bearing mice. These findings taken together and the ready availability of high doses of recombinant human interleukin 2 substantiate our proposal for initiation of clinical trials using local administration of the interleukin 2 (Bubenik et al. 1983) in selected cancer patients. PMID- 3488925 TI - Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by suppressor factor from a permanent T cell line. AB - An antigen non-specific suppressor factor (SF4) produced by a permanent mouse T cell line inhibits the mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of cells in vitro. The suppression of immune response is not restricted by interspecies barrier. Administration of the SF4 factor in vivo had a significant suppressive effect on the induction and manifestation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. Rats treated with SF4 factor, the first dose being injected on the day of EAE induction, had no clinical manifestations or developed only mild clinical signs of EAE. Administration of the SF4 starting on day 4 after EAE induction, when the immune system had been activated, depressed the course of EAE. The results obtained in this model autoimmune disease indicate that the described suppressor factor is active in vivo and that it may be used to depress the autoaggressive immune reactions. PMID- 3488926 TI - Epidermal interleukin 1: from an in vitro phenomenon to a (patho-)physiological role? PMID- 3488927 TI - Interleukin-1-like activity in horny layer extracts: decreased activity in scale extracts of psoriasis and sterile pustular dermatoses. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-like activity was assessed in scale extracts prepared from skin specimens from 36 cases of psoriasis and other dermatoses characterized by the formation of sterile subcorneal pustules. IL-1 activity was detected in only 2 samples. In contrast, much higher IL-1 activity was demonstrated in horny tissue extracts prepared either from normal skin or from noninflammatory skin such as plantar callus, scar or ichthyosis. No correlation was found between neutrophil chemotactic activity and IL-1 activity demonstrable in horny tissue extracts. PMID- 3488928 TI - Two cellular pathways regulate the response to TNP-Ficoll in Xenopus laevis. AB - The initiation of the anti-TNP response to TNP-Ficoll in the amphibian Xenopus laevis has been studied. Although the response to this antigen is thymus independent in mammals, it is thymus dependent for the first three days following immunization in Xenopus. This thymus regulation is not MHC restricted, since it can be substituted for by thymus xenografts, and by prior or co-injection of heterologous red blood cells or Concanavalin A. The pathway which is activated by the Con A to substitute for the thymus is NMU sensitive, unlike the thymic pathway. The peripheralised alternative pathway is activated by particulate but not soluble TNP-Ficoll. The thymus-dependent and alternative pathways are discussed in terms of their possible nature, regulation and evolutionary significance. PMID- 3488929 TI - T cell proliferative responses of Xenopus lymphocyte subpopulations separated on anti-thymocyte monoclonal antibody coupled to sepharose beads. PMID- 3488930 TI - Detection of mRNA encoding calcitonin, calcitonin gene related peptide and proopiomelanocortin in human tumors. AB - Expression of the calcitonin (CT)/calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) gene and the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene has been demonstrated by Northern blot hybridization analysis of RNA extracted from human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and lung carcinoma. CT mRNA in these tumors could not be distinguished in size from CT mRNA isolated from normal human thyroid tissue. CGRP mRNA (previously demonstrated in 12 out of 12 lung tumor cell lines investigated) could not be detected in 13 primary lung tumors or 10 metastases thereof. The length of POMC mRNA in MTCs (present in all 4 metastases investigated but not in 7 primary tumors) and pheochromocytomas is about 100 nucleotides more than pituitary POMC RNA. In lung tumors 2 POMC RNA species can be detected, one of the same size as in pituitary tissue and one about 100 nucleotides larger. PMID- 3488931 TI - Shrew submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor: homologous radioreceptor assay and mitogenic activity. AB - A homologous radioreceptor assay was developed to determine the epidermal growth factor (EGF) contents of the shrew submaxillary glands. The results supported previous findings by heterologous radioreceptor assay that this gland in the shrew contained a high level of EGF. This EGF was also found to be a powerful mitogen in two fibroblast cell lines. PMID- 3488932 TI - Three-allele synergistic mixed model for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Application of the method of antigen genotype frequencies among patients to HLA DR data pertaining to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus substantiates the results of Rotter et al. and Thomson that a single-predisposing-allele model is incompatible with the observed data. The method is also modified to take into account the possibility of blanks (untyped antigens) in the assumed homozygotes. The rejection of all intermediate single-allele models is still obtained. A minimum of two HLA-linked predisposing components are necessary to account for the data. The patterns observed are consistent with a three-allele model, in which the two predisposing alleles interact synergistically (negative complementation). Furthermore, a model in which the DR3-associated predisposition allele is recessive in the absence of the other allele and the DR4-associated predisposing allele is additive (dominant) in the absence of the other is more consistent with the data than a model in which both alleles are recessive or additive in the absence of the other. PMID- 3488933 TI - Excess of DR3/4 in type I diabetes. What does it portend? AB - The HLA-DR genotypes of 158 new type I diabetic probands from simplex families are compared with those of 43 multiply affected sibships. There were no significant differences in the gene frequencies of the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)-associated alleles, DR3 and DR4, and whereas the DR3/4 heterozygotes were as frequent among simplex probands as among the first affected of multiplex sibships, subsequently affected sibs displayed lower frequencies of this genotype in this as well as in previously reported samples, indicating that the excessive risk associated with DR3/4 heterozygosity depends on the order of affection and thus on environmental factors. It is proposed that the penetrance of the susceptibility gene is enhanced by epistatic effects of this genotype and that this enhancement is strongest under conditions of low environmental liability. Thus, the excessive risk for DR3/4 individuals appears to depend on secondary interactions between DR and the environmental factors that trigger the onset of this disease and does not in itself indicate the existence of distinct susceptibility alleles in coupling with these genes, i.e., of genetic heterogeneity or overdominance. PMID- 3488934 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptophan and cisapride stimulate propulsive jejunal motility and transit of chyme in dogs. AB - We investigated in conscious dogs the effects of intravenously administered 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and cisapride on the postprandial jejunal mechanical activity by means of six closely spaced extraluminal strain gauge transducers. Drugs were given after administration of a nutrient meal. 5-HTP was given additionally after the administration of a noncaloric cellulose meal. Computer assistance was used to determine the temporal and spatial relationship of contractions and thereby to evaluate the length of spread of contractile waves. Both substances increased the propulsive activity, the contractile force and the motility index and fastened the transit rate of digesta. 5-HTP exhibited the most potent effect when given after administration of the nutrient meal. PMID- 3488935 TI - Drug utilization by a non-institutionalized ambulatory elderly population. PMID- 3488936 TI - Transcatheter control of postpolypectomy hemorrhage. AB - Intraarterial vasopressin infusion of the inferior mesenteric artery was used in the treatment of 2 patients with massive hemorrhage following colonoscopic polypectomy. Both patients had multiple medical problems and were considered to be very-high-risk candidates for emergency surgery. Arteriography readily demonstrated the site of bleeding, and vasopressin infusion effectively controlled the hemorrhage in both patients without complication. Angiographic management allowed elective colonic resection 1 month later in 1 patient and prevented surgery in the other who has not bled again in the 6 months following the procedure. The role of arteriography in the management of postpolypectomy hemorrhage is discussed. PMID- 3488937 TI - Endoscopic injection sclerosis in bleeding gastric varices. AB - Ninety-two consecutive, nonrandomized patients with bleeding varices were prospectively studied using sclerotherapy to control and prevent rebleeding. During this study, nine patients with gastric variceal bleeding were identified. A gastric variceal subset is defined and represents a 10% incidence in this series. All patients presented with indexed gastric bleeding varices that subsequently accounted for 34 bleeding sessions. The units of blood per rebleeding episode, hospital days, cost, and outcome were markedly different from the esophageal variceal groups. Initial management of indexed bleeding episodes by sclerotherapy and Sengstaken-Blakemore tubes were comparable; however, the number of rebleeding episodes was much higher. There was poor control of rebleeding with an associated higher rebleeding mortality and complications secondary to repeated sclerotherapy and Sengstaken-Blakemore tube use. In 37% of the patients, rebleeding was the direct result of gastric ulcerations at the endoscopic injection sclerotherapy site. The survival curve of this group was much lower than esophageal variceal bleeders. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in patients with bleeding gastric varices offers only temporary control of bleeding, and the high incidence of severe early rebleeding requires consideration of alternative methods for management or modified sclerotherapy techniques. PMID- 3488938 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy: lessons from a necropsy study. AB - A retrospective necropsy survey of 13 patients who had received endoscopic injection sclerotherapy was carried out to study tissue changes induced and to determine the causes of death. These results were compared with autopsy findings in nine patients with portal hypertension, comparable for age, sex, and nature and severity of underlying liver disease, who had not received sclerotherapy. Although all treated patients had variceal thrombosis with an associated vasculitis, residual varices were usually present, probably reflecting the brief duration of treatment (median, 12 days). The major complications of sclerotherapy resulted from necrosis, with resultant mucosal ulceration and abscess formation. These features were not present in the control group. Complications contributing to death were hemorrhage in three patients, and in one sepsis with deep necrosis and periesophageal abscess formation. PMID- 3488939 TI - New ceramic endoprobes for endoscopic contact irradiation with Nd:YAG laser: experimental studies and clinical applications. PMID- 3488940 TI - [Development of the highly specialized nasal skull of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). II]. PMID- 3488941 TI - [Use of thymalin in the treatment of children with lymphoblastic leukemia during remission]. PMID- 3488942 TI - Parasuicides in a general hospital psychiatric unit: their demographic and clinical characteristics. AB - This study presents a profile of 89 patients admitted to the psychiatric unit of a general hospital for a deliberate but not fatal self-inflicted injury. The role of selected demographic clinical and psychosocial characteristics in the hospital admission of these parasuicide patients and their use of available services during the acute phase of their period of distress are discussed. PMID- 3488943 TI - [Removal of dislocated lenses using pars plana vitrectomy]. PMID- 3488944 TI - [Treatment with laser rays in the digestive tract. Differential indications]. PMID- 3488945 TI - [Subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymic lymphoid cells in myasthenia gravis. Analysis by fluorocytometry with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3488946 TI - Clinical features of inflammatory joint and spine manifestations in Crohn's disease. AB - 167 patients with Crohn's disease were investigated for joint and spine inflammation. Arthritis was observed in 23 patients (14%), sacroiliitis in 24 (14%), and sacroiliitis in combination with arthritis in 11 patients (7%). 15 patients (9%) had ankylosing spondylitis; 9 of them were HLA-B27 positive (60%). A parallel pattern in the course of bowel disease and joint inflammation was observed in 22 out of 34 patients with arthritis (59%). An association between the localization of Crohn's disease and the type of spondylarthritis could not be demonstrated. Patients with arthritis alone developed erythema nodosum (35%) or aphthous stomatitis more often (21%) than patients without spondylarthritis+ (6% and 12%, respectively). Other extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease did not reveal any association with the development of spondyloarthritis. PMID- 3488947 TI - Oral care. PMID- 3488948 TI - A subpopulation of t(2;14)(p11;q32) cells in ataxia telangiectasia B lymphocytes. AB - Partially purified B cells from ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) patients and normal individuals were stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I organisms (SAC). High levels of apparently random rearrangements were seen in the A-T B cells only. In addition a t(2;14)(p11;q32) rearrangement was identified in B cells from more than one patient. PMID- 3488949 TI - Initial trial use of murine monoclonal antibodies as immunotherapeutic agents for gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 3488950 TI - Phase I clinical trial of CO17-1A monoclonal antibody. AB - Twenty patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer received one or more weekly infusions of 400 mg CO17-1A monoclonal antibody. The most common side effect was mild gastrointestinal symptoms in 9/20 patients. Two of five patients receiving three weekly infusions had reversible anaphylactic reactions at the time of their third infusion. The pharmacokinetics of the antibody were similar at the first, second or third infusion. Human antibody to 17-1A occurred in 17/20 patients with 11/20 having antibody detectable by 8 days following initial infusion. Thus, one or two infusions (weekly) of large doses of 17-1A were well tolerated but allergic responses limit ability to administer therapy by 15 days post-initial infusion. PMID- 3488951 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibody CO17-1A. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) raised during the course of monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy against anti-colorectal carcinoma (CRC) MAb CO17-1A were characterized in 142 patients with carcinomas of the colon, rectum or pancreas. Ab2 comprised between 21 and 80% of the total human anti-mouse IgG antibodies in various patients, and up to 42 micrograms of Ab2 were isolated per ml serum. In one patient significant levels of Ab2 could be detected for greater than 770 days. Between 20 and 70% of Ab2 in various patients bound to the combining site of MAb CO17-1A and may therefore bear the internal image of the 17-1A tumor antigen. Furthermore, Ab2 isolated from different patients showed considerable cross-reactivities. A beneficial role of the Ab2 responses in the cancer patients who improved clinically following MAb immunotherapy is discussed in light of induction by Ab2 of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) with tumor-binding activities. PMID- 3488952 TI - Assessment of rest and exercise ventricular function following coronary artery bypass surgery by radionuclide ventriculography. PMID- 3488953 TI - [Are C1q binding immune complexes appropriate as markers for infected ventriculo atrial shunts?]. AB - Routine C1q-fluid phase radioimmunoassay identified high levels of C1q-binding immune complexes in 3 patients with infected ventriculoatrial shunts (VAS). Accordingly, C1q-binding activity was prospectively studied in additional 36. VAS patients to learn whether the observed immune complex activity was secondary to bacterially contaminated shunts or was a normal sequela of continuous intravenous infusion of cerebrospinal fluid into the vascular space. Pathological levels of C1q-binding activity were detected in only 3 out of 32 patients without evidence of shunt infection. However, extremely high C1q-binding activities were measured in 4 more patients with proven shunt infections. Thus, elevated levels of C1q binding immune complexes correlate with infected VAS. As shunt infection is otherwise difficult to detect, serum C1q-binding activity may prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool for this condition. PMID- 3488954 TI - Immune functions in healthy blood donors with HLA-DW2 and -DW3 antigens. AB - We compared healthy blood donors with and without HLA-Dw2 and -Dw3 in immunity assays, the results of which have been found to be abnormal in multiple sclerosis or autoimmune diseases. Tests included lymphocyte blast transformation responses to rubella, mumps and purified tuberculin (PPD), in vitro production of IgG and interferons, natural killer (NK) cell function and measurement of serum antibodies to measles, rubella, mumps and herpes simplex viruses. HLA-Dw2 positive subjects had a lower lymphocyte blast transformation response to rubella virus antigen and a lower NK cell function compared with HLA-Dw2-negative subjects. The presence of HLA-Dw3 was associated with an increased spontaneous and mumps virus-induced immunoglobulin production. No significant differences were found in other assays. These results support the existence of HLA-Dw2- and Dw3-associated deviation of immune responsiveness, which may contribute to the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune type diseases. PMID- 3488955 TI - Interleukin 1-like factor produced by a hybrid of an adherent mouse spleen cell and a thymoma cell. AB - A hybrid cell line (DCH-5) constructed from an adherent cell of mouse spleen and the thymoma BW5147, and selected for adherence to hydrophobic surfaces, secretes a factor which augments the mitogenic response of thymocytes. Properties of the factor were compared with those of a P388D1 and J774.1 macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1). On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Tris-glycinate buffer the IL-1-like factor of DCH-5 cells was heterogeneous and its components were more negatively charged than components of macrophage-derived IL-1. Charge differences between these factors were also confirmed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) (pI of IL-1 was 5.4, pI of the IL-1-like factor was 3.5). SDS-PAGE and gel filtration demonstrated that both factors consisted of several components of near molar masses (approximately 17 kg/mol). Gel filtration showed that in PBS the IL 1-like factor of DCH-5 cells was partially aggregated. Antibodies specific to IL 1 inhibited the activity of the IL-1-like factor of DCH-5 cells. Thus, mouse DCH 5 cells provide a new source of IL-1-like factor which might be useful for further elucidation of the heterogeneity of interleukins. PMID- 3488956 TI - Anti-Thy-1 response of H-2f/H-2r heterozygotes: an unusual case of genetic control. AB - Anti-Thy-1 responsiveness of H-2r homozygous and H-2f/H-2r heterozygous mice was studied. Good responsiveness appeared to be independent of H-2 phenotype of responder but was influenced by the phenotype of the donor. These results were incompatible with the concept of Ir-Thy-1 genes controlling the response to cell free Thy-1 in these mice. In contrast the results were indicative of the response to the cell-bound form of the Thy-1 antigen. It is proposed that good anti-Thy-1 response may reflect the presence of clones capable of recognizing the Thy-1 antigen in the context of or in association with incompatible class I H-2 molecules. PMID- 3488957 TI - Surgical management of massive lower intestinal haemorrhage due to enteric fever. PMID- 3488960 TI - alpha-1-Antitrypsin in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 3488959 TI - Human lymphocytes synthesize C-reactive protein. AB - We obtained evidence for the synthesis and secretion of C-reactive protein (CRP) by peripheral mononuclear cells in culture. Human mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood, after depletion of platelets, were cultured in glutamine depleted RPMI 1640 supplemented with [3H]glutamine in the presence of 10-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Anti-CRP antiserum was added to the culture medium, and the resultant immunoprecipitate was analyzed in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The immunoprecipitate consisted of CRP, heavy and light chains of IgG, and only the CRP protein band had radioactivity, indicating that CRP was synthesized by mononuclear cells. In the populations of mononuclear cells, T-cell preparations mainly synthesized CRP, under stimulation of a factor derived from activated monocytes. Studies using the inhibitors of phospholipid metabolism suggested that generation of the monocyte factor was relevant to metabolites of an arachidonate cascade. PMID- 3488961 TI - T-cells in neonatal bacterial infections. PMID- 3488958 TI - Antituberculous therapy in children. PMID- 3488962 TI - Class and subclass antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule: comparison of invasive disease and natural exposure. AB - Recently, the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in the immune responses to organisms with polysaccharide capsules, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type b, has been of interest. We developed assays to measure IgG2- and IgG4 specific antibodies to the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) polysaccharide antigen of H. influenzae type b and demonstrated that these assays were subclass specific. Relative levels of subclass-specific antibody were assayed in serum from 30 Alaskan Eskimo children who had invasive H. influenzae type b disease and 30 healthy controls that were matched for age and village of residence. We also measured total PRP antibody and total serum IgG4. The group with invasive H. influenzae type b disease had a significantly higher mean level of IgG4-specific PRP antibody than did the controls (P = 0.0006). However, we found no significant difference between cases and controls for IgG2-specific PRP antibody, total IgG4, or total PRP antibody. The data suggest that IgG4-specific PRP antibody is elicited by invasive H. influenzae type b disease, independent of age. The IgG4 subclass thus may be a critical determinant of the immune response to invasive infection caused by H. influenzae type b, especially for young infants who generally have a weak immune response to this organism. PMID- 3488963 TI - Interaction of purified lipoteichoic acid with the classical complement pathway. AB - Glycerophosphate-containing lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) interact with the first component of the classical complement pathway (C1). This resulted in the activation of the classical complement pathway in serum, shown by the consumption of C1, C2, and C4. The dose-dependent interaction of LTAs with purified C1 and C1q was dependent on the negative charges of the phosphate groups of LTA. It was reduced by charge compensation through D-alanine ester substituents and by sterical hindrance through di- and trihexosyl residues linked to position 2 of the glycerol moieties. The charge density of LTA may also play a role: poly(digalactosylglycerophosphate) LTAs, in which the phosphate groups are in a greater distance from each other, were less effective, and the loss of micellar organization by deacylation of LTA drastically reduced the complement activation capacity. PMID- 3488964 TI - Monoclonal antibody to a major glycoprotein immunogen mediates differential complement-independent lysis of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - An immunoglobulin G type 2a (IgG2a) monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated C20A3, which reacts with a highly immunogenic trichomonad membrane glycoprotein (approximately 270,000 daltons), produced complement-independent cytolysis of Trichomonas vaginalis organisms. Time- and temperature-dependent lysis of parasites was observed following incubation of washed, live T. vaginalis with certain concentrations of C20A3 IgG. Differential killing of trichomonal isolates and clones of a given isolate by C20A3 was dependent on the presence of the glycoprotein antigen on the parasite surface. PMID- 3488966 TI - Effect of interleukin-2 and methylprednisolone on in vitro transformation of uremic lymphocytes. AB - The functional relationship in vitro between mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation, lymphocyte response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) and steroid, and production of IL-2 was examined in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis (HD) or on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The lymphocyte responses to optimal stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were depressed in lymphocyte cultures from HD patients, while CAPD lymphocyte cultures responded normally. However, at suboptimal phytohemagglutinin stimulation both CAPD lymphocyte and HD lymphocyte responses were subnormal. Uremic lymphocyte cultures were more sensitive to the immunosuppressive effect of methylprednisolone. Addition of IL-2 normalized the phytohemagglutinin responses of suboptimally stimulated CAPD lymphocyte cultures and clearly improved the mitogen responses of the HD lymphocyte cultures. Furthermore, the increased uremic lymphocyte sensitivity to methylprednisolone was normalized by addition of IL-2 to the cultures. The measured IL-2 production had clearly decreased in the HD cultures after 48 h as compared to that of the control cultures. A similar but not significant trend was also seen in the CAPD cultures. Thus, it is suggested that a deficient production of IL-2 may partly explain the reduced lymphocyte response of uremic lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 3488965 TI - Induction of early-phase endotoxin tolerance in athymic (nude) mice, B-cell deficient (xid) mice, and splenectomized mice. AB - Early-phase endotoxin tolerance was inducible in mice which were T cell deficient (nude), B cell deficient (xid), or asplenic, which suggests that these lymphoid cell subsets and the spleen do not contribute significantly to the induction of acquired lipopolysaccharide hyporesponsiveness. C3H/HeJ mice did not exhibit the hematopoietic changes observed in mice made endotoxin tolerant, which suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie lipopolysaccharide hyporesponsiveness. PMID- 3488967 TI - Identification of HLA-linked antigens by pregnancy-associated non-cytotoxic alloantisera. AB - Non-cytotoxic sera obtained from post-partum primiparous and multiparous women were examined by a rosette inhibition technique for the presence of antibodies mediating blockade of human B lymphocyte Fc receptors. Selective activity was demonstrated against a panel of normal human B lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). A pattern of specific activity was found in sera and in their IgG fractions, which was not accounted for by antibodies directed to known HLA-A, -B or -DR antigens. Several sera were identified with selective activity in this assay. As the results of testing sera in a direct binding assay correlated with those of the EA inhibition assay, and since EA inhibitory activity occurred in F(ab')2 fractions of sera, it is possible that these non-cytotoxic antibodies bind directly to B cell surface antigens. Sera may therefore have been identified which possess antibodies to hitherto undefined HLA antigens. PMID- 3488969 TI - Use of the popliteal lymph node enlargement assay to measure rat T cell function in immunotoxicologic testing. AB - Modifications to the host vs graft response assay (HvGR) which render this technique suitable as an in vivo screen of cell-mediated immune function are described. This method utilizes mitotically inactivated spleen cells from normal heterozygous "nude" rats as stimulator population. We injected these cells into the left hind foot pad of unsensitized Charles River CD rats. Within one week, the recipients are sacrificed and both popliteal lymph nodes removed and weighed. The difference in weight between the challenged and unchallenged node represents the primary T cell response to the injected antigen sequestered in the draining lymph node. Using the immunosuppressive agents cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone we demonstrate the applicability of this assay to detect impaired cell-mediated immune function. PMID- 3488968 TI - The immune system during the pre-cancer and the early cancer period. IL-2 production by PBL from post-menopausal women with and without endometrial carcinoma. AB - We report on alterations in IL-2 production and cell proliferation following PHA stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from stage-I endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients, and on mechanisms involved in these alterations. Our study includes 3 groups: EC patients, post-menopausal women at high risk of developing EC, and age-matched healthy women. IL-2 production was markedly lower in most EC patients than in healthy controls. Varying levels of IL-2 were produced by PBL from women in the high-risk group. The proliferative response of PBL to PHA appeared to correlate with levels of IL-2 production. Our results suggest that macrophages are involved, in part, in the modulation of T-cell functions of EC patients. PMID- 3488970 TI - Topical application of a tumor promoter induces proliferation of an adherent cell population in murine spleen. AB - The tumor-promoting phorbol esters have proven to be potent immunomodulatory agents in vitro. It has not been possible to assess the role of phorbol ester induced alterations of immune function in tumor promotion however, due to a lack of in vivo studies. Studies were therefore designed to assess proliferative responses of murine leukocytes after in vivo exposure to these agents. Topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was found to cause an increase in division of murine spleen cells. The effect was dose-related up to 14 micrograms per application and generally reached a peak two days after TPA application. Cell separation experiments suggested TPA was acting on an adherent cell population distinct from splenic lymphocytes. Inflammatory reactions to TPA followed a similar time-course to that observed for spleen cell proliferation. The increased levels of proliferation observed could, therefore, be due to increased division of neutrophil and/or macrophage precursors residing in the murine spleen and appeared also to be associated with the inflammatory reaction induced by TPA. PMID- 3488972 TI - Radiation injury in mouse lung: dependence on oxygen levels in the inspired gas. AB - The relationship between radiosensitivity and the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the inspired gas has been established for radiation pneumonitis as a measure of lung damage following irradiation of the mouse thorax. The radiosensitivity at low PO2 (0-1 per cent) fitted the linear transformation of the Alper, Howard-Flanders relationship giving a K value for lung tissue of 1.35 per cent oxygen with an oxygen enhancement ratio, m, of 2.13. The radiosensitivity at higher PO2 (5-21 per cent) did not fit the Alper, Howard Flanders relationship probably because the PO2 of the inspired gas was greater than the PO2 in the alveolus. At the low PO2 levels in the inspired gas, back diffusion of oxygen from blood into the alveolus may lead to errors in the estimated value of K. If the low value of m is due to this 'contaminating' oxygen from blood then by taking a higher value for m, the amount of contaminating oxygen can be calculated (0.23 per cent) and a 'true' value for K(1.1 per cent) determined. Other uncertainties in this estimate of K due to the radiolytic consumption of oxygen and possible inadequacies in equilibration are discussed. Allowing for the uncertainties, it is concluded that the K value for lung damage lies towards the upper end of the range of K values measured for cells in vitro. PMID- 3488971 TI - The influence of oxygen on the induction of radiation damage in DNA in mammalian cells after sensitization by intracellular glutathione depletion. AB - Treatment of mammalian cells with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) or diethyl maleate (DEM) results in a decrease in the intracellular GSH (glutathione) and non-protein-bound SH (NPSH) levels. The effect of depletion of GSH and NPSH on radiosensitivity was studied in relation to the concentration of oxygen during irradiation. Single- and double-strand breaks (ssb and dsb) and cell killing were used as criteria for radiation damage. Under aerobic conditions, BSO and DEM treatment gave a small sensitization of 10-20 per cent for the three types of radiation damage. Also under severely hypoxic conditions (0.01 microM oxygen in the medium) the sensitizing effect of both compounds on the induction of ssb and dsb and on cell killing was small (0-30 per cent). At somewhat higher concentrations of oxygen (0.5-10 microM) however, the sensitization amounted to about 90 per cent for the induction of ssb and dsb and about 50 per cent for cell killing. These results strengthen the widely accepted idea that intracellular SH compounds compete with oxygen and other electron-affinic radiosensitizers with respect to reaction with radiation-induced damage, thus preventing the fixation of DNA damages by oxygen. These results imply that the extent to which SH compounds affect the radiosensitivity of cells in vivo depends strongly on the local concentration of oxygen. PMID- 3488974 TI - Chemical reactions by pulsed ultrasound: memory effects in the formation of NO3- and NO2- in aerated water. AB - The formation of nitrate and nitrite in the sonolysis of aerated water was studied using pulses of 300 kHz ultrasound. At very low on/off ratios, the yield decreases with decreasing pulse duration. At a pulse length of 3 X 10(-3) s, the yield is zero. This time is identified as the 'activation' time tau 1 of small gas bubbles formed by cavitation. At larger on/off ratios, a pulse is more effective the shorter the time interval between the pulses. This memory effect is described by a 'deactivation' time tau 2 of the system, which amounts to about 6 X 10(-2) s. At large on/off ratios (1:3 and 1:1) the yield never becomes zero. It first decreases with decreasing pulse length (increasing modulation frequency) and increases again for very short pulses. The results are also discussed with respect to the use of pulsed ultrasound in diagnostic applications. PMID- 3488973 TI - Sensitized photo-oxidation of thymidine by 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Characterization of the stable photoproducts. AB - The near ultraviolet photolysis of an aerated aqueous solution of thymidine containing 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone gives rise to two main classes of photoproducts as a result of the initial formation of a pyrimidine radical cation. These photo-oxidation products have been separated by high performance liquid chromatography and further characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and high field 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. This photoreaction constitutes an excellent model to study the chemical properties of the thymidine radical cation which is expected to be one of the primary consequences of the direct effects of ionizing radiation. PMID- 3488975 TI - Radiation-induced binding of methanol, ethanol and 1-butanol to haemoglobin. AB - Aqueous solutions of haemoglobin were irradiated under N2 and under N2O in the presence of methanol, ethanol and 1-butanol, which were partly 14C-labelled. The amount of bound alcohol was measured after gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and with sodium dodecyl sulphate on Sepharose 6B-CL. All alcohols became covalently linked to haemoglobin. After radiolysis under N2 the G values for the three different alcohols were very similar, but under N2O the yield of cross-linking of haemoglobin with 1-butanol is twice that of methanol or ethanol. The high degree of modification by butanol results in extensive dissociation to dimers. Possible mechanisms yielding covalent cross-links between alcohols and haemoglobin are discussed. The high G value for cross-linking with butanol suggests that butanol radicals can add very efficiently to double bonds. PMID- 3488976 TI - Netherlands Radiobiological Society. Abstracts. 10 January 1986, Utrecht, The Netherlands. PMID- 3488977 TI - Forum on the microdosimetry of radiopharmaceuticals. Committee on Effects of Ionising Radiation. London, 27 may 1985. Abstracts. PMID- 3488978 TI - Efficacy of oral antibiotics for the treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion. AB - We followed 137 children who were found to have persistent otitis media with effusion (POME) one month after the diagnosis of acute otitis media. Subjects were randomly assigned to either treatment with erythromycin ethylsuccinate and sulfisoxizole or to no treatment. Follow-up utilizing pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry showed that treated patients were more likely to have normal findings, and less likely to develop acute otitis media during the month following treatment. These data indicate that children with POME one month following acute otitis media may benefit from an additional course of antibiotics. PMID- 3488980 TI - Coronary artery spasm. Current concepts. PMID- 3488979 TI - The relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular volume. AB - Utilizing volumetric measures of brain morphology, the relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular dilation was examined in a sample of 59 Alzheimer's Disease patients and 48 closed head injury patients. Correlation matrices were constructed and factor analyses performed in order to elucidate the various relationships. In the Alzheimer Disease sample there appeared to be a moderately strong relationship between cortical atrophy and ventricular volume. However, analyses also lent support to the position that cortical atrophy and ventricular dilation reflect processes which are related yet somewhat independent. Results obtained from the closed head injury sample indicated that focal damage effects were more evident in cortical atrophy measures, while generalized effects were relatively more important in ventricular dilation. Finally, the relationships between neuropsychological performance and various combinations of high and low cortical atrophy and ventricular volume measures were modest. PMID- 3488981 TI - Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase in Finnish women throughout pregnancy and in cord serum at delivery. AB - Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, 1,25(OH)2D, total calcium, protein, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase were measured in two groups of Finnish women throughout pregnancy and in cord serum at delivery. The autumn group delivered in August-September and the spring group in February-March. There was strong seasonal variation in the 25(OH)D concentrations in both groups. Maternal values (mean +/- s.d.) at delivery were 44.3 +/- 20.8 nmol/l in autumn and 26.0 +/- 13.0 nmol/l in spring. Fetal concentrations were 28.8 +/- 14.3 and 18.3 +/- 11.3 nmol/l, respectively. In both mothers and infants low 25(OH)D values were measured in winter. In the autumn group 7 out of 21 mothers (33 per cent) and in the spring group 17 out of 36 mothers (47 per cent) had values below 17 nmol/l, which is the lowest winter reference value recorded in our laboratory. No significant seasonal variation was observed in dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites, although 24,25(OH)2D values were a little higher in summer than in winter. Concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D tended to rise towards delivery. Corrected calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations did not change during pregnancy. Fetal calcium and phosphorus concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than maternal ones. The data indicate that many mothers and infants have poor vitamin D status in the latitude of Finland. Our results support the concept that vitamin D supplementation should be considered in Finland for pregnant women at least in winter. PMID- 3488982 TI - [A method for relieving tinnitus complaints in long-enlisted soldiers with multiple acoustic traumas--external electrostimulation]. AB - The effect of external electrostimulation (EES) on tinnitus in soldiers with multiple blast trauma was assessed in a controlled study. There was no change in the tinnitus in the untreated control group during an observing period of 5 weeks. However the noise resolved completely within 28 days of therapy in 20% of treated soldiers, in some patients the symptoms were improved. The repeated application of EES is effective in recurrent complaints. This method can be carried out on an out-patient basis and scarcely has any side-effects. It is not suitable for treating tinnitus after acute acoustic trauma. PMID- 3488983 TI - HLA-DR2 and narcolepsy: not all narcoleptic-cataplectic patients are DR2. PMID- 3488984 TI - New class I in man: serological and molecular characterization. AB - New class I antigens in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A antigen are demonstrated in PHA T and EBV preferential target cells using human alloantisera. These new antigens are defined as class I antigens by immunoprecipitation of a 41 12 k dimer. The molecule is shown to be distinct from the HLA-A, -B, -C molecule and in particular from the A3 molecule as in sequential immunoprecipitations, the depletion of the HLA-A, -B, -C molecule or A3 molecule (44-12 k) has no effect on the new molecule (41-12 k). Being present on the PHA T cells and lymphoblast lines, these antigens are considered as new epitopes involved in the the cell activation process. PMID- 3488985 TI - Allospecific proliferative human T-cell clones acquire the cytotoxic effector function after three months in culture, in IL-2 conditioned medium. AB - Allostimulated T lymphocytes were cloned by micromanipulation and expanded in IL 2 conditioned medium. Three T3+,T4+,T8-, clones called BJ1, BJ4, and BJ37, were extensively studied. The BJ1 cells were able to proliferate and kill the specific target. The BJ4 and BJ37 cells were able to proliferate with the specific restimulator but could not kill even in lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic assay; however, they acquired the specific cytolytic activity in the 6-day culture when fresh irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells as feeder cells were added to the specific irradiated Epstein-Barr virus transformed cell line, in the presence of recombinant IL-2. This observation strongly suggested that the culture conditions could be involved in the differentiation of proliferative clones into cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, by the lymphokines, either present in the IL-2 conditioned medium or secreted by the mixed allogeneic irradiated feeder cells. Moreover, it was shown that the acquisition of the cytolytic function could be blocked by the monoclonal antibody LeoA1, previously described and which recognized the TLiSA1 structure involved in the CTL differentiation. PMID- 3488986 TI - Alloimmunization against the platelet-specific Zwa antigen, resulting in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia or posttransfusion purpura, is associated with the supertypic DRw52 antigen including DR3 and DRw6. AB - The strong association between HLA-DR3 and Zwa alloimmunization in Zwa-negative mothers, resulting in the production of anti-Zwa antibodies and ultimately in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP) in the newborn, could be confirmed. In addition, we have shown an equally strong association between HLA DR3 and Zwa alloimmunization in Zwa-negative recipients of blood transfusions, resulting in posttransfusion purpura (PTP). However, the strongest association both in mothers of NAITP patients and in PTP patients was observed with the supertypic DRw52 antigen. In fact, all individuals carried this antigen. Normally, DRw52 includes DR3, DR5, DRw6, and DRw8 almost completely. However, in our material, DRw52 included only DR3 and DRw6 with one exception. Another interesting observation is that all PTP patients were women with previous pregnancies without any clinical signs of a bleeding disorder in their children. This indicates that alloimmunization against Zwa during pregnancy is DR3- and/or DRw52-positive women does not always lead to the development of NAITP, but these women may be at risk for the development of PTP after blood transfusion. PMID- 3488987 TI - In vitro allostimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells generates autologous reactive T lymphocytes: analysis at the clonal level. AB - Cells from two siblings within family PER with a maternal crossing-over were used as responder and stimulator cells; they differed in class II MHC gene products. The responder cells were cloned and studied for their specificity. All the clones were T4+, most of them, were allospecific cytotoxic T-cell clones, some were only proliferative. Among the 62 clones that have been screened for their phenotype and function, we could expand, in our cloning system, two autoreactive T-cell clones specific for the self-class II MHC products. The results indicated that this autoreactivity was also observed in serum-free medium, which excludes any serum components susceptible to alter the self-class II MHC products. For the autorecognition, the two clones used the T3-Ti complex, and only one of them, the T4 structure. PMID- 3488989 TI - Hydromediastinum from a dislodged central venous catheter after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3488988 TI - Antigen-specific suppression of human antibody responses by allogeneic T cells. III. Role of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - Specific antibody responses obtained in vitro from human blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were profoundly suppressed by allogeneic T cells. Experiments carried out with combinations of cells from HLA identical siblings, and HLA identical but unrelated donors, showed that suppression depended upon HLA incompatibility between responding PBM and allogeneic Ts. In order to map the specific HLA loci concerned, a series of experiments were undertaken using combinations of cells from a large number of HLA typed donors. Significant suppression was found to occur in every combination of HLA incompatible cells tested, including those with nonidentity at HLA-A, B, DR, A and DR, or B and DR, suggesting that suppression can be generated by nonidentity at class I or class II loci. With some HLA-A homozygous donors, however, a dominant role for class I (HLA-A) antigens was indicated by the finding of one-directional suppression in combinations where the HLA-A locus was seen as foreign by one partner only (A3,----A2,3; and A2--- A2,26). Similar one-directional suppression was also seen with cells from a pair of siblings who were HLA identical except for a single A locus antigen arising from an HLA-A/B recombination (A3,----A3,1). These results indicate an important, but not exclusive role for class I MHC antigens in the activation of allogeneic Ts. The way in which this occurs is unknown, but one possibility is that it results from the activation of normal antigen-specific Ts by the interaction of their receptors for self-MHC with cross-reacting alloantigens. PMID- 3488990 TI - The carrier state: Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3488991 TI - Inhibition of rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase. Interaction of aurones with the iodothyronine ligand-binding site. AB - We report that aurone derivatives of plant extracts produce potent, dose dependent, and ultimately complete inhibition of three different metabolic monodeiodination pathways catalyzed by rat liver microsomal type I iodothyronine deiodinase. These data show that (3'),4',4,6-(tetra)trihydroxyaurones are the most potent naturally occurring plant-derived inhibitors of this deiodinase enzyme (IC50 V 0.5 microM). Lineweaver-Burk analysis using both L-thyroxine (T4) and 3',5',3-triiodothyronine as substrates suggests a cofactor competitive mechanism of inhibition for 4',4,6-trihydroxyaurone which also can displace 125I L-T4 from binding to thyroxine-binding prealbumin with a potency comparable to its inhibition of T4-5'-deiodinase. Among type I deiodinase inhibitors, cofactor competition has been observed only for propylthiourea. Computer graphic modeling studies were also carried out to explore aurone conformations and to compare them with those of the thyroid hormones. This analysis shows that the aurones can adopt either a planar or an antiskewed conformation, such as observed for 3',5',3 triiodothyronine, the most potent natural deiodinase substrate inhibitor. The thyroxine-binding prealbumin complex was used to model the deiodinase ligand binding site because of the similarity observed between inhibitor binding affinity and enzyme inhibition characteristics. These studies show that the aurones which adopt an antiskewed conformation can interact favorably in the prealbumin binding site. This model of the deiodinase active site can be used to design other deiodinase inhibitors. PMID- 3488992 TI - The two pathways for oxygen exchange by actomyosin and myofibrils and their dependence on temperature. AB - At an intermediate stage in the hydrolysis of MgATP by actomyosin there is an exchange of oxygen between water and the terminal phosphoryl group of MgATP, tightly bound to the myosin active site. This intermediate oxygen exchange results from the reversible hydrolysis of the bound MgATP. The rate of the exchange cycle (hydrolysis and the reverse) is assumed to be determined by the rate of reverse hydrolysis; and the average time available for exchange is determined by the post-exchange reaction that immediately follows the cycle. Past analytical studies of the exchange, using actomyosin mixtures and myofibrils at room temperature, have revealed two pathways for hydrolysis, operating at a comparable flux but differing greatly in the extent of exchange they support. It is shown here that these pathways also appear over a range of temperatures from 5 to 30 degrees C and that temperature had little effect on their relative fluxes. At each temperature, the flux ratio (%) for the low exchange pathway: high exchange pathway was near 50:50 for actomyosin mixtures and 60:40 for myofibrils. Apparently, the rate-limiting steps that determine the fluxes of the two pathways have a similar temperature dependence. However, the analysis indicates that one or both of the steps that determine the extent of exchange (reverse-hydrolysis and/or the post-exchange reaction) shows a different temperature dependence for the two pathways. We interpret this to reflect a difference in the temperature dependence of the post-exchange reaction, which we propose is exceedingly fast and independent of actin concentration along the low exchange route, but slow and dependent on the actin concentration along the high exchange route. Thus at all temperatures over a broad range of actin concentration there are two pathways of comparable flux that differ primarily in the time available for exchange. PMID- 3488993 TI - Antagonistic effects of phorbol esters on lymphocyte activation. Evidence that protein kinase C provides an early signal associated with lytic function. AB - There is increasing evidence that protein kinase C plays a role in the transduction of an activation signal in lymphocytes. The bulk of this evidence is based on pharmacological experiments involving the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as a protein kinase C agonist. However, in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, PMA has been shown to both stimulate and inhibit lytic function. By examining the effects of a series of phorbol esters on protein kinase C activity in lymphocytes, we will demonstrate that these antagonistic effects of PMA on cytotoxic T lymphocyte function are related to multiple effects of PMA on protein kinase C activity. PMID- 3488994 TI - Simulation of coronary artery revascularization. AB - Simulation of the commonly constructed geometries of aorto-coronary bypass anastomoses was carried out using especially fabricated distensible tubes and a pulsatile pump. The system pressure was maintained between 80 and 120 mmHg. The total mean flow was set at 250 ml min-1 (Reynolds number of 200) and the pulsatile frequency was varied from 0 to 2 Hz. A water-glycerine mixture having a density and viscosity similar to that of blood was used throughout. A 16 mm film of the front of black dye injected proximal to the anastomosis was made as the dye approached and passed through the anastomosis. Anastomotic geometries consisted of: end to side, parallel, 45 degree angle, and 90 degree angle. Stenoses, located in the tube representing the coronary artery, were simulated using a bevelled insert which represented an 80-85% area reduction. Flow visualization revealed that distensible tubes gave more realistic flow patterns than rigid tubes, a result particularly evident when a stenosis was present. Pulsatile flow demonstrated considerably more mixing than steady flow. The use of pulsatile flow in distensible tubing with a partial stenosis showed retrograde flow through the stenosis which was not evident for either steady flow or for flow in rigid tubing. The flow at the anastomatic site of the graft having an angle of 0 degrees showed a jetting action with a zone of recirculating fluid being present whereas for a 90 degree graft a distinct helical flow was formed distal to the anastomosis. PMID- 3488995 TI - C3d fragment of complement interacts with laminin and binds to basement membranes of glomerulus and trophoblast. AB - Two mouse monoclonal antibodies generated against human placental homogenate were found to react specifically with human complement component C3. In immunofluorescence of human tissues, these antibodies gave a bright linear staining outlining the glomerular basement membrane of the adult kidney and the trophoblast basement membrane of placenta. An identical staining pattern was observed with a rabbit C3d antiserum which also prevented binding of the monoclonal antibodies to tissue sections. Only negligible basement membrane staining was observed in the same tissues with antisera to human C3c, C5, IgG, IgA, or IgM. When interactions of C3 with basement membrane proteins were tested in enzyme immunoassays and column chromatography, C3(H2O) was found to bind efficiently to solid-phase laminin. Native C3 from fresh plasma did not bind to laminin but C3 from plasma treated with methylamine bound efficiently. When C3 was cleaved with trypsin, C3b and C3d but not C3c bound to laminin-Sepharose. The interaction of C3 and laminin was inhibited by soluble laminin and by high ionic strength. The results indicate that C3d, a biologically active breakdown product of C3, can be found in glomerular and placental basement membranes in the absence of signs for ongoing local complement activation or immune complex deposition. It is possible that binding affinities between C3 and basement membrane molecules, especially laminin, are involved in the retention of C3d at these sites. Such interactions between C3 and components of the glomerular basement membrane could play important roles in complement-related pathological processes of the glomerulus. PMID- 3488996 TI - Transport and metabolism of adenosine in human erythrocytes: effect of transport inhibitors and regulation by phosphate. AB - Rapid kinetic techniques were applied to determine the effect of transport inhibitors on the transport and metabolism of adenosine in human red cells. Dipyridamole inhibited the equilibrium exchange of 500 microM adenosine by deoxycoformycin-treated cells in a similar concentration dependent manner as the equilibrium exchange and zero-trans influx of uridine with 50% inhibition being observed at about 20 nM. Intracellular phosphorylation of adenosine at an extracellular concentration of 5 microM was inhibited only by dipyridamole concentrations greater than or equal to 100 nM, which inhibited transport about 95%. Lower concentrations of dipyridamole actually stimulated adenosine phosphorylation, because the reduced influx of adenosine lessened substrate inhibition of adenosine kinase. When the cells were not treated with deoxycoformycin, greater than 95% of the adenosine entering the cells at a concentration of 100 microM became deaminated. A 95-98% inhibition of adenosine transport by treatment with dipyridamole, dilazep, or nitrobenzylthioinosine inhibited its deamination practically completely, whereas adenosine phosphorylation was inhibited only 50-85%. Whether adenosine entering the cells is phosphorylated or deaminated is strictly based on the kinetic properties of the responsible enzymes, substrate inhibition of adenosine kinase, and the absolute intracellular steady state concentration of adenosine attained. The latter approaches the extracellular concentration of adenosine, since transport is not rate limiting, except when modulated by transport inhibitors. In spite of the extensive adenosine deamination in cells incubated with 100 microM adenosine, little IMP accumulated intracellularly when the medium phosphate concentration was 1 mM, but IMP formation increased progressively with increase in phosphate concentration to 80 mM. The intracellular phosphoribosylation of adenine and hypoxanthine were similarly dependent on phosphate concentration. The results indicate that adenosine is the main purine source for erythrocytes and is very efficiently taken up and converted to nucleotides under physiological conditions, whereas hypoxanthine and adenine are not significantly salvaged. Hypoxanthine resulting from nucleotide turnover in these cells is expected to be primarily released from the cells. Adenosine was also dephosphorylated in human red cells presumably by 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, but this reaction seems without physiological significance as it occurs only at high adenosine and phosphate concentrations and if deamination is inhibited. PMID- 3488998 TI - Serum bone Gla-protein in renal osteodystrophy: comparison with bone histomorphometry. AB - Serum bone Gla-protein (S-BGP) and other serum biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase (S-AP) and immunoreactive PTH (S-iPTH), were measured in 42 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Each patient also had a tetracycline labeled transiliac bone biopsy, allowing correlations between the biochemical and trabecular bone histomorphometric parameters, S-BGP was markedly increased [64.0 +/- 74.8 (+/- SD) vs. 6.2 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in normal subjects] significantly correlated with S-AP (r = 0.53) and S-iPTH (r = 0.55) levels. S-BGP was significantly higher in the 14 patients with high turnover renal osteodystrophy (HT-ROD; S-BGP, 138.5 +/- 90.8 ng/ml) than in the 28 patients with low turnover (LT-ROD; S-BGP, 26.8 +/- 14.8 ng/ml). S-BGP was significantly correlated with the cellular parameters of bone resorption and formation (r = 0.57-0.69) and with the dynamic parameters of bone formation (r = 0.62-0.82). The extent of stainable bone aluminum was significantly negatively correlated with S-BGP (r = -0.51) and serum iPTH (r = -0.33), but not with S-AP. S-BGP measurement allowed better discrimination between LT-ROD and HT-ROD groups than did S-AP measurement. However, in the patients with LT-ROD, S-BGP did not discriminate between patients with or without osteomalacia. We conclude that S-BGP is a valuable marker for evaluating bone remodeling and, more specifically, the bone formation rate at the tissue level in hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 3488997 TI - [A rare etiology of rectal bleeding: Meckel's leiomyoblastoma. Value of celiomesenteric arteriography]. AB - A rare case of leiomyoblastoma developing in Meckel's diverticulum and revealed by massive rectorrhagia is reported. The characteristic clinicopathologic features of these tumors in their small intestine localization are described and the value of celiomesenteric arteriography emphasized for their topographic and even nosologic diagnosis. PMID- 3488999 TI - Tomographic imaging of the human thyroid using 124I. AB - After receiving between 100 and 300 mu Ci of the positron-emitting radioisotope 124I (half-life, 4.2 days), 64 patients with a variety of thyroid disorders were imaged with a high resolution positron camera. A 3-dimensional image of the distribution of radioiodine uptake within the thyroid was obtained from a single 10- to 15-min scan. This image may be viewed as a sequence of 2-mm thick transverse, sagittal, or frontal sections or as a 3-dimensional shaded surface. The functional volume of the thyroid may be estimated by counting the volume elements (voxels) inside the thyroid surface. The precision of the estimate varied from 6-15%, depending on the size and clinical status of the thyroid. The volume estimation procedure was validated with phantoms and with the thyroids of patients who subsequently underwent partial thyroidectomy. This 3-dimensional imaging technique may be useful for diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. PMID- 3489000 TI - Secretory antibodies in IgA-deficient and immunosuppressed individuals. AB - Total levels of IgM and secretory IgM as well as specific antibodies to poliovirus type I antigen, Escherichia coli O antigens, and beta-lactoglobulin were measured in unstimulated and stimulated saliva as well as nasal secretion using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of these antibodies in IgA-deficient adults with and without frequent respiratory infections and children under immunosuppressive therapy for malignant disease were compared to those in normal adults and infants 1-7 months of age. The IgA deficient adults had significantly higher IgM levels (P less than 0.002) than the normal adults as well as higher levels of IgM antibodies to poliovirus type I (P less than 0.05) and E. coli O antigen (P less than 0.002). There was a less pronounced IgM anti-beta-lactoglobulin compensation. Secretory component (SC) carrying antibodies against all three antigens were lower than in normal adults. The infants studied had levels of IgM in secretions close to those of the normal adults and significantly lower than those of the IgA-deficient adults (P less than 0.001) but with a higher proportion of SC-carrying IgM. The increase in total IgM and specific bacterial and viral IgM antibodies in saliva above that of the normal adults was significant (P less than 0.001-0.005) for those IgA deficient individuals without, but not for those with, frequent infections. There was, however, no significant difference between the levels in the two groups of IgA-deficient adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489001 TI - Distribution of an anti-DNA idiotype among autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AB - Autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or other connective tissue disorders were probed for the presence of a cross-reactive idiotype (AM Id) originally defined on human anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. The AM Id was distributed primarily among antibodies to double stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, or cardiolipin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antibodies to single-stranded DNA or cardiolipin and rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thus tending to codistribute with the predominant primary autoantibodies in both diseases. Strong associations were observed particularly between the AM Id and anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the AM Id and anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Affinity absorption experiments with sera from individual lupus patients showed that up to 41% of the anti-single stranded DNA antibodies were Id positive. The results indicate that the AM Id may be widely distributed among antibodies that have a potential for binding DNA. PMID- 3489002 TI - Mechanisms of immunosuppression associated with severe nonthermal traumatic injuries in man: production of interleukin 1 and 2. AB - Depression of cell-mediated immunity in patients following severe traumatic injury has been well documented in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact mechanism of this defect is still controversial. In this study, we have investigated the ability of injured patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to produce two important immunoregulatory molecules, interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2). Eighteen traumatic injury patients were studied during the course of their hospital stay and their results compared with a group of 18 normal age- and sex-matched controls. The results showed the following. (1) Production of IL 2 by normal PBMC in response to optimal doses of mitogen may vary with sex as well as age. (2) Adherent mononuclear cells from trauma patients produced at least as much IL 1 as normals. (3) IL 2 production, however, was markedly suppressed (normals, 1.6 +/- 0.2 U; traumatic injury, 0.6 +/- 0.1 U; P = 0.001) and persisted for as long as 50 days postinjury. OKT4+ cells were not significantly decreased at any time, nor were OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic cells increased at any time. Decreased IL 2 production in patients treated with steroids or those who were septic was not different from that in those patients who were not treated with steroids or were not septic. These results suggest that the cause of the defect in IL 2 production in traumatic injury patients is not related to a lack of the IL 1 signal, producer T cells, or Ia+ monocytes or to increased suppressor T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489004 TI - Developmental classification of reading-disabled children. AB - The present study developed and used longitudinal cluster analysis, a multivariate classification technique, to classify a sample of 200 nonclinical normal and reading-disabled males based on their performances on a neuropsychological battery at kindergarten, second, and fifth grades. The resulting classification was examined against various internal and external validation criteria. Using a validation framework, five developmental subtypes of children, two normal and three deficit reader groups, were found. Three of these groups could best be described as partitions of a multivariate normal distribution; the other two, both containing deficit readers, showed different covariance structures, suggesting differing developmental patterns. These groups were shown to differ with respect to the domains of academic achievement, parental achievement, neurological status, birth histories, school behaviors, and neuropsychological-cognitive development. The results suggest that developmental classifications can be formed by using multivariate classification methods and the subtypes support findings from cross-sectional classification research on similar populations. PMID- 3489003 TI - Interleukin 1 secretion from human alveolar macrophages in lung disease. AB - Interleukin 1 secretion from human alveolar macrophages was studied in patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with pneumonitis and compared to secretion from alveolar macrophages of normal volunteers. Macrophages lavaged from the lungs were stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml of lipopolysaccharide and cultured for 24 hr. In some cases macrophages were also stimulated with 1 microgram/ml lipopolysaccharide. After dialysis of the culture supernatants, interleukin 1 secretion was quantified by the thymocyte proliferation assay and probit analysis and expressed in terms of secretion from 1 million macrophages. Results showed that, on average, macrophages derived from patients secreted more interleukin 1 after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide compared to normal subjects. Mean secretion was significantly greater from macrophages of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis when stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide. Of the 24 individuals studied, spontaneous interleukin 1 secretion was detected from unstimulated macrophages in only 1 patient and 1 normal volunteer. We conclude that alveolar macrophages lavaged from the lungs of patients with inflammatory lung disease have an increased capacity to secrete interleukin 1 on in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Possible mechanisms for this increase are discussed. PMID- 3489005 TI - Lipopolysaccharide gel profiles of Haemophilus influenzae type b are not stable epidemiologic markers. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to assess the usefulness of this technique for the epidemiologic analysis of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates. LPS samples were prepared from isolates which had been passaged either in vitro or in infant rats. Preparations from paired isolates from a number of epidemiologically related clinical situations also were examined. The gel patterns of LPS prepared on different occasions from an individual isolate were stable. However, the LPS gel patterns changed in 5 of 14 (36%) of the passaged isolates, and differences in gel patterns also were observed among epidemiologically related isolates. The variability in LPS electrophoretic patterns of individual isolates indicated that this technique is not useful for the epidemiologic analysis of H. influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3489006 TI - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. Potent stimulus of immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor production. AB - These studies demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), a protein A positive Staphylococcal strain, is a potent and consistent inducer of IgM rheumatoid factor production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The frequency and magnitude of this response greatly exceeded that of parallel cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or the protein A-negative S. aureus Wood strain, although all three agents induced a similar amount of total IgM. Cell fractionation studies indicated that SAC-induced IgM rheumatoid factor is T cell-dependent. The striking ability of SAC to induce IgM rheumatoid factor may relate to its protein A content, since cultures stimulated with protein A-coupled sepharose beads also consistently produced this autoantibody. Thus SAC is a new probe of in vitro IgM rheumatoid factor production and its use has provided further evidence that most healthy individuals harbor precursors of IgM rheumatoid factor secreting cells. Unlike other polyclonal activators, SAC is unique in its capacity to bind immunoglobulin, a property that may account for its prominent anti-IgG inducing capacity. PMID- 3489007 TI - Chronic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration in the rat reduces the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D by increasing metabolic clearance rate. AB - Administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] can lower the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin (25-OH-D). To determine if 1,25(OH)2D3 lowers serum 25-OH-D by increasing clearance or reducing production, we directly measured the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of 25-OH-D in rats chronically infused with 1,25(OH)2D3. Chronic 1,25(OH)2D3 administration (0 to 75 pmol/d) reduced, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, the serum concentrations of 25-OH D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 from 18 +/- 2 to 9 +/- 1 ng/ml and from 4.8 +/- 0.7 to 1.3 +/ 0.3 ng/ml, respectively, and increased sevenfold the in vitro conversion of 25 OH-D to 24,25(OH)2D3 by kidney homogenates. The reduction in serum 25-OH-D3 was completely accounted for by an increase in MCR. No change in production occurred. The influence of 1,25(OH)2D3 on serum 25-OH-D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 was shown not to be dependent on induction of hypercalcemia. These data suggest that chronic 1,25(OH)2D3 administration lowers serum 25-OH-D by increasing the metabolic clearance of 25-OH-D3 and not by decreasing its production. PMID- 3489009 TI - Specific bioactivities of monocyte-derived interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta are similar to each other on cultured murine thymocytes and on cultured human connective tissue cells. AB - In this report we compare the bioactivities of pure, human monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha and beta in the standard murine thymocyte proliferation assay, a human dermal fibroblast proliferation assay, and in an assay measuring stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from human rheumatoid synoviocytes. In each case the different species of IL-1 produced saturable stimulation and gave similar dose response curves. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at average IL-1 concentrations of 29 pM in the thymocyte assay, 2 pM in the dermal fibroblast proliferation assay, and 5 pM in the synovial cell assay. Our results show that native, monocyte-derived IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are both potent stimulators of connective tissue cells and that the specific bioactivities of these molecules are similar to each other in tests on human connective tissue cells, as well as on murine lymphoid cells. PMID- 3489008 TI - In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates. Delivery of ribosome-inactivating proteins to spleen and lymph node T cells. AB - The selective delivery in vivo of a T lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody and immunotoxin conjugates to T cells in lymph node and spleen was assessed in rhesus monkeys. A transient coating of all T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and spleens of healthy rhesus monkeys could be achieved after infusion of unconjugated anti T11. Because derivatized antibody is cleared more rapidly than unconjugated antibody, it was necessary to infuse a higher dose of immunotoxin than antibody alone to achieve saturation of the lymphocyte binding sites with anti-T11. When sufficient antibody-toxin conjugate was infused, toxin was readily demonstrable on lymph node and spleen T cells by 16 h after infusion. This demonstration that toxins can be successfully delivered with specificity to target T cell populations in the monkey suggests that killing of restricted cell populations in vivo should be feasible. PMID- 3489010 TI - Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease? AB - Bleeding on probing (BOP) is a widely used criterion to diagnose gingival inflammation. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to evaluate its prognostic value in identifying sites at risk for periodontal breakdown during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. 55 patients who had been treated for advanced periodontitis participated in a recall system for at least 4 years, at regular intervals of 3-5 months. At the start of every appointment, BOP to the bottom of the pocket was registered at 4 sites of every tooth. A random selection of 1054 pockets was made and subdivided into 5 categories according to the incidence of BOP during the last 4 recall appointments. All pockets with a BOP incidence of 4/4 and 3/4 were selected, while only interproximal sites with a BOP incidence of 2/4, 1/4 and 0/4 were chosen. Subsequently, these categories were grouped according to whether or not the attachment level had been maintained from the time prior to the last 4 recall visits. Greater than or equal to 2 mm was defined as loss of clinical attachment. The results indicated that pockets with a probing depth of greater than or equal to 5 mm had a significantly higher incidence of BOP. Patients with 16% or more BOP sites had a higher chance of loosing attachment. Pockets with an incidence of BOP of 4/4 had a 30% chance of loosing attachment. This chance decreased to 14% with BOP of 3/4, 6% with BOP of 2/4, 3% with BOP of 1/4 and 1.5% with BOP of 0/4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489011 TI - Black teenage pregnancy: an obstetrician's viewpoint. AB - The Black pregnant teen is a microcosm of the impact of society on the most vulnerable. Who is the pregnant adolescent? What racial and ethnic connotations are implied? What is the quality of her progeny? What health risks and mortality attend Black pregnant adolescents? What measures are indicated to address teen pregnancy? Health providers must more intensively address the essentials of the socio-medical phenomenon of Black teenage pregnancy. The United States leads other developed countries of the world by substantial margins in births to teenagers, ranging from 3/1,000 in Japan to 52/1,000 in the United States. In 1983 in New York City, 40,000 teenagers became pregnant resulting in 14,000 births, 20,000 abortions, and 6,000 miscarriages. Sixty-six percent of the births occurred in areas with large concentrations of residents of lower socio-economic status. Special attention, then, needs to be focused on both pregnancy prevention and early prenatal care in these high risk areas. Most teenagers do not intend to become pregnant. There are suggested racial differences regarding both the intention of becoming pregnant and teen births. Twenty percent of pregnant teenagers conceive during the first sexual exposure and fifty percent become pregnant within the first six months. The younger the age at initiation of intercourse, the greater the likelihood of pregnancy. The desire to terminate a teen pregnancy is more closely associated with socio-economic status than ethnicity. The course of pregnancy in teenagers is more likely to be complicated by a variety of clinical problems than in adults. Further, the maternal mortality rate in pregnant black teenagers is significantly higher than in white teenagers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489012 TI - Adolescent pregnancy: black and white. AB - According to recent data from the Alan Guttmacher Institute, the United States leads nearly all other developed nations of the world in rates of teenage pregnancy, abortion and child-bearing even though it has comparable rates of sexual activity. Data show that this top-ranked status is not due to the high rates of pregnancy and parenthood among minority teens alone. Pregnancy rates for white teenagers are twice as high as those of Canada, France, and England. Moreover, the maximum difference in birth rates by race occurs among girls under 15, the most vulnerable teenagers. International data make it clear that the enormous costs of adolescent parenthood for teen parents, their children and society are not the inevitable outcomes of increased adolescent sexual activity. These costs represent inability as a society to deal in a preventive way with the implications of that increase, to provide adequate and comprehensive sex education, and to give sexually active teens easy access to family planning services and counseling. Many object to giving teenagers the capacity to delay parenthood while unsuccessfully imploring them to delay sexual activity. Withholding sex education and family planning services has not led to less teenage sexual activity in the U.S. Conversely, the provision of needed information and services in Europe and Canada has not resulted in increased sexual activity, but in heightened sexual responsibility. The costs of adolescent parenthood fall disproportionately on those least able to support them, teens from low-income/minority families and teens with poor basic skills and poor employment potential. They initiate sexual activity earlier than more advantaged teens and have poorer access to information and services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489013 TI - Transected dorsal column axons within the guinea pig spinal cord regenerate in the presence of an applied electric field. AB - Using an implanted battery and electrodes, we have imposed a weak, steady electrical field across partially severed guinea pig spinal cords. We have analyzed regeneration of dorsal column axons in experimental animals and sham treated controls at 50-60 days postinjury by anterograde filling of these axons with the intracellular marker horseradish peroxidase and by employing a marking device to identify precisely the original plane of transection (J. Comp. Neurol. 250: 157-167, '86). In response to electric field applications, axons grew into the glial scar, as far as the plane of transection in most experimental animals. In a few animals axons could be traced around the margins of the lesion (but never through it). Moreover, these fibers returned to their approximate positions within the rostral spinal cord before turning toward the brain. In sham-treated controls, ascending axons were found to terminate caudal to the glial scar, and rarely were any fibers found within the scar itself. Axons were never observed to cross into the rostral cord segment. These findings suggest that an imposed electrical field promotes growth of axons within the partially severed mammalian spinal cord, that a steady voltage gradient may be an environmental component necessary for axonal development and regeneration, and that some component(s) of the scar impede or deflect axonal growth and projection. PMID- 3489014 TI - Accurate reinnervation of motor end plates after disruption of sheath cells and muscle fibers. AB - After injury, regenerating motor axons grow back to form neuromuscular junctions at the original synaptic sites on muscle fibers. The pathways they grow along consist of basement membrane, Schwann cells, and perineurium that remained after degeneration of the original axons. All the factors necessary for directing axons to the original synaptic sites persist in muscles even after disruption of myofibers. The aim of the present experiments was to determine whether structural integrity of nerve sheath cells is required for precise reinnervation in the presence and absence of muscle fiber targets. The region of innervation of the cutaneous pectoris muscle of the frog was briefly frozen to eliminate all living cells from neuromuscular junctions, intramuscular nerve bundles, and from a 1-3 mm length of the nerve trunk. Only extracellular matrices persisted within the frozen region of muscle and nerve. These consisted of the basement membrane sheaths of myofibers, of Schwann cells, and of perineurial cells and the small fragments of disrupted cells that were bound to them. In some preparations new muscle fibers developed within the basement membrane sheaths. Regenerating axons grew through the naked basement membrane sheaths of original Schwann cells, formed numerous branches, and contacted the myofibers precisely at the original synaptic sites. By 5 weeks 75% of the original synaptic sites became reinnervated; the terminals were indistinguishable from those at normal neuromuscular junctions. In contrast, preparations in which all muscle fibers were prevented from regenerating far fewer synaptic sites became reinnervated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489015 TI - Thickness of the basal lamina at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The Schwann cell basal lamina at the frog neuromuscular junction is much thicker than previously supposed. Its thickness has been demonstrated by modifying the fixation: the nerve muscle preparation is fixed in situ without prior exposure to Ringer solution and the osmolarity of the glutaraldehyde fixative is increased to 285 mOsm. With this procedure the basal lamina is seen to be up to 1 micron thick around the Schwann cells of the nerve terminal and the preterminal axon. The thickness of the basal lamina surrounding the Schwann cells of the myelinated portion of the axons within the perineural sheath (20 nm) is not changed by this modification of fixation. The present results indicate that in addition to the ability to form myelin, other properties of the Schwann cells differ inside and outside the perineurial sheath. PMID- 3489016 TI - PET measurement of regional lung density: 1. AB - Regional lung density (LD) and lung water (LW) measurements were made with positron transmission and emission tomography (PET) in normal and edematous lung in supine dogs in vivo. A comparison was also made of LD measurements by PET and X-ray CT (used by others to noninvasively assess pulmonary edema). Mean LW was 0.25 +/- 0.06 ml water/ml lung and the mean LD (PET) was 0.32 +/- 0.06 g/ml lung (average ratio of LW to LD was 0.795 +/- 0.041). The LD measurements ranged from 0.25 +/- 0.06 in anterior portions of lung to 0.43 +/- 0.11 g/ml in posterior areas, but the ratio of LW to LD was similar throughout the lung. The LW and LD measurements obtained in both normal and edematous portions of lung were strongly correlated (r = 0.886). Values for LD by PET were consistently higher than values obtained for LD by X-ray CT. These differences are probably due to beam-hardening effects with CT and partial-volume averaging and scattered radiation effects with PET. Nevertheless, PET-LD measurements may be a satisfactory method for following acute changes in LW or for normalizing other PET-derived data. PMID- 3489017 TI - Statistical assessment of perceptual CT scan ratings in patients with Alzheimer type dementia. AB - Three neuroradiologists perceptually evaluated CT of 24 patients with Alzheimer type dementia and 22 normal control subjects and made a dichotomous judgment for each case (i.e., normal control or Alzheimer type dementia). The mean percentage of patients correctly classified was 83.3%. The neuroradiologists also completed perceptual ratings on each scan. Thirteen regions were rated for atrophy on a scale of 0-4. Discriminant function analyses of several sets of perceptual atrophy ratings (optimized on an exploratory set and evaluated on a test set) showed that the perceptual ratings of temporal lobe regions produced an average accuracy of 88.57%. In contrast, only 74.26% of the cases were correctly classified when the discriminant functions were based on perceptual ratings of midventricular and supraventricular areas. Linear measures of atrophy correctly classified only 65.20% of the subjects. The results suggest that atrophy ratings of brain regions that show the characteristic macroscopic neuropathological changes of Alzheimer disease may be used by neuroradiologists to reach more accurate diagnostic decisions. PMID- 3489019 TI - A BGO detector unit for a stationary high resolution positron emission tomograph. AB - A new encoding scheme was developed that is applicable to bismuth germanate (BGO) detector units for a high resolution positron emission tomograph. The detector unit is composed of eight equal-size, 3 mm wide BGO crystals coupled to a dual module square photomultiplier tube (PMT) through a pair of light guides. The light guides divide the scintillation light between the two modules of the PMT, with a ratio dependent on the crystal of origin. Mean detector pair spatial resolution as measured by the point spread function was 3.9 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) and reconstructed image spatial resolution was 4.8 mm FWHM at the center of the field of view. Timing resolution between two detector units was 6.0 ns FWHM. Energy resolution was 24% FWHM for 511 keV gamma rays. The finest spots of the Derenzo phantom were clearly resolved. PMID- 3489021 TI - Application of SPECT scanning with I-123 HIPDM to forensic medicine. AB - The use of I-123 HIPDM, a cerebral perfusion agent, in the demonstration of an intracranial bullet track is described. Visualization of the bullet track was dependent on the use of single photon emission CT. PMID- 3489018 TI - Quantitation in positron emission computed tomography: 7. A technique to reduce noise in accidental coincidence measurements and coincidence efficiency calibration. AB - A method of processing accidental coincidence events (AC) and detector efficiency (DE) calibration data, which reduces the statistical noise in these measurements, and, consequently, reduces the noise in positron emission tomographic images using the technique, is described. The technique uses the fact that, in these measurements with N detectors in coincidence with N other detectors, N2 values of ACs or DEs are measured. However, these values are composed of only 2N components, which are either singles rates or individual DEs. The full set of data is used to implicitly solve for these values and the individual ACs or DEs recalculated with an improvement in statistical error equivalent to an N2/(2N + 1) increase in accumulated events for the case of a uniform distribution. This result was verified experimentally. PMID- 3489020 TI - Computed tomography of anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm mimicking an acoustic neuroma. AB - Twenty-one previously reported cases of aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) were reviewed. They often present acutely with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture, or less frequently with an insidious onset, as a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) mass. Rupture of the aneurysm is usually not difficult to diagnose because of the acute symptoms and the subarachnoid hemorrhage, which can easily be detected by CT or lumbar puncture. However, caution must be exercised in those lesions presenting as a CPA mass clinically, which on CT appear unusually dense with contrast enhancement. Erosion of the internal auditory canal may be present but is non-specific. If an enhancing CPA mass appears atypical and dynamic CT confirms rapid enhancement, vertebrobasilar angiography is essential to establish an AICA aneurysm as the cause. PMID- 3489022 TI - Cine computed tomographic evaluation of aortocoronary bypass graft patency. AB - Evaluation of the patency of coronary bypass grafts has previously required hospitalization for invasive angiography. This report of three cases documents the unique capability of cardiac cine computed tomography to easily and accurately define coronary bypass graft patency. In each case, the findings altered therapeutic decisions. This early experience justifies wider application of this technique and suggests that it may eliminate the need for diagnostically motivated graft angiography. Large scale studies to establish the sensitivity and specificity of cardiac cine computed tomography for determining graft patency are indicated. PMID- 3489023 TI - Determining incestuous contact between parent and child: frequency of children touching parents' genitals in a nonclinical population. PMID- 3489024 TI - Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with speech and language disorders. PMID- 3489025 TI - A prevalence study of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in North Dakota school-age children. PMID- 3489026 TI - Rigid gas-permeable lens problem solving. AB - The introduction of high oxygen-permeable rigid lenses for daily wear has provided practitioners with an excellent alternative to other available lens materials. However, compromise in material properties may, in fact, result in lens-induced complications. This paper describes eight such "typical" problems including a treatment plan and possible alternative methods of treatment. A comprehensive summary table is provided for reference use by practitioners. PMID- 3489027 TI - Key questions in a dry eye history. AB - The literature has been reviewed to derive a dry eye history questionnaire. The questions included examine for primary and secondary symptoms as well as assess for increased risk associated with age, sex, contact lens wear, medication use, and systemic and ocular factors that may be associated with dry eye syndromes. At the risk of obtaining responses of reduced validity, the questionnaire, administered by an assistant, may be preferred to direct interrogation for routine screening. Apart from serving as an indication of the presence of a dry eye condition, the questionnaire results may successfully identify individuals who are at risk for developing dry eye problems at a later time, especially those individuals exposed to provocative factors such as contact lens wear. A screening based on questionnaire results will help identify patients requiring further examination for dry eye conditions and associated differential diagnosis. PMID- 3489028 TI - Transient visual anomalies associated with drug treatment for spastic colon. AB - A case report revealing two previously unreported adverse side effects of meprobamate and tridihexethyl chloride (Milpath) drug therapy for a spastic colon is presented. The two previously unreported adverse effects are a diffuse loss of color discrimination and an increased time course to complete dark adaptation. PMID- 3489029 TI - [Dyschromatopsia in subjects occupationally exposed to organic solvents]. AB - Chromatic discrimination loss was evaluated with the Lanthony D-15 desaturated Panel among 89 workers professionally exposed to organic solvents and 114 non exposed workers. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results reveal the following: among the non-exposed workers, the prevalence of tritanomalies and the mean colour confusion index increase with age; among the exposed workers, the prevalence of dyschromatopsia and the mean colour confusion index increase with age and with exposure level; for 4% of the moderately exposed workers and 26% of the highly exposed workers, protanomaly, deuteranomaly or scotopic loss were observed with the tritanomaly. Chromatic discrimination impairment may be an important indicator of neuro-ophthalmologic changes associated with professional exposure to organic solvents. PMID- 3489030 TI - Effects of fasting on ketone body concentrations in healthy men of different ages. AB - This work was performed to assess age effects on fasting-induced hyperketonemia and to determine if measurement of cerebral glucose utilization by positron emission tomography after 6 to 8 hr of fasting is associated with hyperketonemia that could influence cerebral glucose metabolism. Acetoacetate and 3 hydroxybutyrate were assayed in venous blood from healthy men of various ages, subjected to an 18-hr fast. At 18 hr of fasting but not at 14 hr or earlier, 3 hydroxybutyrate concentrations were correlated significantly with age; concentrations of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were significantly higher than at earlier times in the fast, p less than or equal to .05, with elevations of 82% and 214% over baseline, respectively. Acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were higher on the day when cerebral glucose utilization was determined than after a comparable fast at another time. The observed level of hyperketonemia, however, would not substantially influence cerebral glucose metabolism. The findings indicate that aging is associated with increased susceptibility to fasting-induced hyperketonemia. PMID- 3489031 TI - Pre- and intraoperative localization of small bowel arteriovenous malformation. AB - Patients with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding with no source found after standard radiographic and endoscopic procedures are diagnostic challenges. Since angiodysplasia is a frequent cause of such bleeding, selective angiography has become an essential diagnostic tool in identifying arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the large and small bowel. In addition to preoperative identification, some method of intraoperative localization is essential to assure removal of the involved segment. In a patient with a 7-year history of gastrointestinal bleeding from an AVM of the small bowel, a technique of preoperative angiographic catheter placement with intraoperative confirmation of catheter position proved a useful way to find such small bowel lesions and insured adequate but not excessive resection. PMID- 3489032 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes in the sera of dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis, by Clq-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis was detected by using a Clq-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specificity of this assay with different concentrations of heat-aggravated canine IgG (ACG) was observed, i.e., the ELISA readings, expressed as microgram equivalents ACG/ml, increased with increasing amounts of ACG. The intra-assay variability was below 10%. The CIC levels of infected and uninfected dogs were 177.0 +/- 104.7 micrograms/ml and 22.8 +/- 45.8 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD), respectively. The highest level was observed in 12 dogs with amicrofilaraemic infection. Age distribution of CIC levels in the 23 infected dogs also showed a significant positive correlation. These findings suggested that the CIC are present in the sera of dogs with dirofilariasis and may relate to canine glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3489034 TI - IgA-driven T cell-mediated anti-bacterial immunity in man after live oral Ty 21a vaccine. AB - Cellular immunity against Salmonella typhi was observed by using a direct anti bacterial in vitro assay in volunteers orally vaccinated with the live S. typhi mutant strain Ty 21a. With this experimental approach, it was demonstrated that Ty 21a vaccine also induces cellular immunity against S. paratyphi A and B. Interestingly, the mechanism involved in cellular immunity against bacteria seems to be of an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) type, with IgA acting as the humoral arm and CD4+ T lymphocytes as the cellular one. In accordance with the increase in IgA-driven ADCC against S. typhi, a major rise in IgA against O and H antigens was observed in the serum of vaccinees in parallel to an increase in IgG of identical specificity. Furthermore, a Ty 21 vaccine induced cellular activity against flagellar antigens. These results indicate that IgA-ADCC by T lymphocytes against bacteria can originate from local stimulation of the gut mucosal immune system. This cellular defense mechanism might be at the origin of the protection induced by Ty 21a vaccine. PMID- 3489033 TI - Activation requirements for normal T cells: accessory cell-dependent and independent stimulation by anti-receptor antibodies. AB - We have examined the requirements for the activation of normal T cells by two anti-T cell receptor antibody preparations, including a rabbit antiserum, R3497, which binds to all normal T cells, and a rat monoclonal antibody, KJ16-133, which binds to about 20% of T cells. The requirements for stimulation of T cells by both antibodies were similar. Soluble antibodies in the absence of accessory cells (AC) failed to induce either proliferation or the expression of IL 2 receptors, and the addition of either IL 2 or PMA failed to synergize with these soluble antibodies for an AC-independent proliferative response. Activation could only be achieved in the presence of Fc receptor-positive AC, although Fc receptor expression alone appeared not to be sufficient for AC activity because some Fc receptor-positive cells did not function in this capacity. Activation with anti receptor antibody conjugated to Sepharose 4B beads could be demonstrated in the presence of some exogenous cofactors, such as IL 2 and PMA, but not in the presence of recombinant IL 1. When activation by soluble antibody plus AC was compared to activation by bead-conjugated antibody + recombinant IL 2, it was found that the former favored the stimulation of Lyt-2+ cells. The effects of the addition of anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody was also examined in this system. Anti L3T4 inhibited the response of L3T4+ cells when used in the presence of Ia+ as well as Ia- AC, and it also inhibited activation in a system in which KJ16-133 conjugated to Sepharose was used in the absence of AC. Because anti-L3T4 had an inhibitory effect in the presence of Ia- AC as well as in the absence of any AC, it is concluded that L3T4 does not necessarily function by interacting with Ia on the surface of AC, and may directly transmit down-regulatory signals when bound by anti-L3T4. PMID- 3489035 TI - Studies of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by using encephalitogenic T cell lines and clones in euthymic and athymic mice. AB - The role of T-T cell interactions in the clinical course of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice was investigated. Myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive and encephalitogenic T cell clones were established from long-term lines derived from susceptible strain SJL/J mice and resistant strain DDD/1 mice. The lines and clones from DDD/1 mice were obtained by immunization of congenitally athymic mice of DDD/1 origin, which had been reconstituted with syngeneic Lyt-2+-depleted splenic T cells. The clones derived from both strains bore surface phenotypes of Lyt-1+, 2- and L3T4+, and proliferated well in response to rat, rabbit, bovine, and guinea pig MBP in the presence of antigen presenting cells with I-As. Passive EAE could be induced in syngeneic normal recipients by these clones as well as by the lines from which the clones were derived. The clinical features of the clone-induced EAE were essentially the same as those of the line-induced EAE. Furthermore, DDD/1 athymic recipients developed signs of acute EAE by the adoptive transfer of I-A-compatible syngeneic and allogeneic T cell clones, in which there was no significant difference in time of onset, maximum severity, or prognosis. These results indicate that the entire clinical course of acute EAE can be elicited by a single population of MBP reactive T cells in the absence of the thymus and other populations of primed or unprimed T cells. PMID- 3489036 TI - Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis. V. A small basic protein from culture supernatants is a potent T cell mitogen. AB - Previous studies established that Mycoplasma arthritidis produces a soluble T cell mitogen (MAM), and that response of murine T cells to MAM is genetically restricted. MAM appeared predominantly in the supernatants of senescent cultures, but was not extracted in significant amounts from whole cells. A quantitative assay of MAM activity was devised. MAM formed noncovalent complexes with nucleic acids and uncharacterized high m.w. constituents of sera and of complex media. Partially purified MAM was adsorbed or denatured by glass and plastic surfaces. MAM was protease-labile, had pI greater than or equal to 9, and had Mr ca 15,000 according to gel filtration experiments. MAM was a very minor component of culture supernatant proteins, and even after 200- to estimated 5 X 10(4)-fold purification was not identified as a stainable or ultraviolet-absorbing entity in electrophoretigrams or chromatograms. It was estimated that MAM was half optimally active at less than 1000th the half-optimal concentration of concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. Culture supernatants and highly purified MAM exhibited the same haplotype specificity (H-2k-dependent response) for stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes and for induction of interferon in vitro. PMID- 3489037 TI - Molecular analysis of an HLA-A2 functional variant CLA defined by cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - By using cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL), the HLA-A2 serologic specificity may be divided into at least four subtypes designated as A2.1 to A2.4. The HLA-A2.4 antigen expressed by donor CLA is not recognized by allogeneic CTL specific for either A2.1, A2.2, or A2.3, but is indistinguishable from HLA-A2.1 by H-Y specific, HLA-A2-restricted CTL and by isoelectric focusing. The structure of this HLA-A2.4 antigen was compared with the known structure of the main A2.1 subtype expressed on JY cells to establish the molecular basis for the immunologic differences between the two antigens. Comparative peptide mapping and radiochemical sequence analysis were used to establish that they differed by a single amino acid change: Phe at position 9 in HLA-A2.1 was replaced by Tyr in HLA-A2.4 from donor CLA. This position displays the highest variability score among all polymorphic residues of the class I HLA antigens. But its participation in the specific determinants recognized by CTL has not been previously established, because no other known HLA variant or H-2 mutant has been found to vary at this position. In addition, HLA-A2.4 from CLA is the only HLA-A2 subtype antigen that is identical to A2.1 in the segment spanning residues 147 to 157, a region in which all three A2.1, A2.2, and A2.3 antigens are different. PMID- 3489038 TI - Role of specific IgE antibodies in peroxidase (EPO) release from human eosinophils. AB - After the demonstration of cytophilic IgE immunoglobulins (Ig) on human blood and lung eosinophils, their role in cell activation was studied by eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) assay. Hypodense human eosinophils from filariasis-infected patients were activated by anti-human Ig or various antigens. A selective release of EPO occurred after incubation with anti-human IgE, but not with anti-human IgG. The activation by antigens showed a strict antibody specificity of cytophilic IgE antibodies. The direct involvement of IgE antibodies in activation by the specific antigen was evidenced by inhibition experiments with aggregated human IgE myeloma protein. Circulating IgE antibodies exhibiting the same specificity and able to induce EPO release were detected in the sera from filariasis patients by a passive sensitization assay. Only the hypodense eosinophils were able to release EPO after IgE-dependent activation both in the direct assay and in the passive sensitization test, confirming the functional heterogeneity of human eosinophils. These results suggest that the interaction between IgE antibodies and human eosinophils can play a role both in protective immunity and pathology by releasing active pharmacologic mediators. PMID- 3489039 TI - Transfected human B lymphoblastoid cells express the mouse Ad beta-chain in association with DR alpha. AB - The human EBV-transformed cell line TOM was transfected with plasmid DNA containing a complete genomic copy of the murine class II Ad beta gene. Drug resistant transfectant clones showed cell surface expression of the Ad beta gene product, as detected by flow microfluorimetry when using a mouse monoclonal antibody (MKD6) specific for Ad beta. Immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the Ad beta-containing molecules from the transfected cells revealed that the mouse beta-chain was expressed in noncovalent association with the human DR alpha-chain rather than with DQ alpha, the human A alpha homologue. The implications of this unexpected pairing for our understanding of the processes controlling the association of class II alpha and beta gene products and of the roles of Ia molecules in normal and pathologic immune function are discussed. PMID- 3489040 TI - Regulation of the expression of multiple class II genes in murine B cells by B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1). AB - We have studied the mechanisms governing the induction of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on murine B lymphocytes by B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1). BSF-1 induced a dramatic (10- to 15-fold) and selective increase in class II MHC antigen expression, as judged by flow cytometry. Analysis of radiolabeled membrane proteins on BSF-1-induced B cells also showed that the expression of class II MHC antigens was increased 10- to 15 fold. Biosynthetic labeling studies established that a selective increase in the translation of class II MHC molecules could be detected at 5 to 6 hr post addition of BSF-1 to culture. After 16 hr of culture, when cell surface expression was induced 12- to 15-fold, biosynthesis rates of class II MHC antigens was induced fivefold to sixfold. The biosynthesis of the I region associated invariant chain (Ii) was also enhanced. Actinomycin D abrogated the increased biosynthetic labeling of class II products, suggesting transcriptional regulation of expression. At 6 hr after addition of BSF-1, there was a twofold increase in the steady-stage level of class II mRNA, which was slightly increased at 16 hr. The BSF-1-induced increase in surface Ia antigen is dependent on new transcription and translation. However, posttranslational events that lead to a decrease in membrane antigen turnover rate or to an increase in protein stability probably also play a significant role in the hyperexpression of class II antigens on BSF-1-treated B lymphocytes. PMID- 3489041 TI - Enhancement by monoclonal anti-Lyb-2 antibody of antigen-specific B lymphocyte expansion stimulated by TNP-Ficoll and T lymphocyte-derived factors. AB - By using antigen-specific populations of B cells (TNP-ABC) we have demonstrated that the type-2 antigen TNP-Ficoll was capable of initiating B cell proliferation only in the presence of T cell-derived factors. Monoclonal-anti-Lyb-2.1 antibody acted synergistically with a T cell-derived supernatant, as well as with B cell stimulating factor (BSF-1) to enhance the level of B cell expansion obtained in this in vitro system. This effect of anti-Lyb-2.1 mAB was observed at each day of the antigen-driven B cell expansion and was seen only with B cells purified from strains expressing the Lyb-2.1 allele. The epitope density of hapten on the Ficoll plays a critical role in this process, because Ficoll that is haptenated with low density of hapten was not found to be stimulatory. These results suggest that the Lyb-2 surface molecule influences the antigen-driven B cell growth that is stimulated by type 2 antigens and BSF-1. PMID- 3489042 TI - Liver sinusoidal lining cells express class II major histocompatibility antigens but are poor stimulators of fresh allogeneic T lymphocytes. AB - Guinea pig liver sinusoidal lining cells (LSLC), a mixture of Kupffer cells (KC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (EC), were examined for their capacity to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). LSLC were extremely poor stimulators of freshly isolated allogeneic T lymphocytes even though a large number of them expressed class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens (Ia). This deficiency could not be explained by a lack of soluble factor production by LSLC, because an interleukin 1-containing macrophage (M phi) supernatant could not restore the capacity of LSLC to stimulate allogeneic T cells. Moreover, LSLC were able to promote mitogen-induced proliferation of accessory cell-depleted T lymphocytes. No evidence of suppression was apparent in experiments in which LSLC were added to cultures of T cells stimulated by allogeneic peritoneal exudate M phi (PEM). The Ia expressed by LSLC was functional because they were able to stimulate an alloreactive T cell line. When LSLC were mixed and co-cultured with either PEM syngeneic to the responding lymphocytes or Ia-negative fibroblasts, the allostimulatory ability of LSLC was greatly augmented. In contrast, the addition of mitogen-activated T cell supernatants had only a minimal effect on the capacity of LSLC to stimulate allogeneic T cells. The data suggest that LSLC lack a biologic property that is necessary for recognition of class II MHC determinants by fresh but not primed allogeneic T cells and that is not required to support T cell activation induced by nonspecific mitogenic lectins. These findings may be important in understanding the reason that antigen introduced into the portal blood appears not to initiate an immune response. PMID- 3489043 TI - The regulatory role of NZB T lymphocytes in the production of anti-DNA antibodies in vitro. AB - Murine lupus is characterized by the production of numerous autoantibodies and immune complex glomerulonephritis. Anti-DNA antibodies are the hallmark of this disorder and may be associated pathogenetically with the glomerulonephritis. The cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the production of anti-DNA antibodies may prove to be the fundamental abnormalities responsible for the lupus syndrome seen in these mice. By using a system of spontaneous anti-DNA antibody production in vitro, we have determined that such production is characteristic of autoimmune NZB and MRL-lpr/lpr mice but not of the nonautoimmune control strains. Additional examination of the cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this response in NZB mice revealed: 1) this response is markedly T cell dependent, 2) NZB T cells are essential for maximal production of this autoantibody, and 3) NZB T cells actively interfere with normal immune regulatory mechanisms that lead to the production of anti-DNA antibodies spontaneously in vitro by nonautoimmune syngeneic B lymphocytes. Although these studies of anti-DNA antibody production in vitro disagree with previous work by others they successfully reproduce the results obtained earlier in experiments performed in vivo. PMID- 3489044 TI - Structural analyses of a monoclonal heterodimeric suppressor factor specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10. AB - A GAT-specific, MHC-restricted "second-order" suppressor T cell factor (TsF2) from the hybridoma 762 B3.7 was biosynthetically radiolabeled with 35S-methionine and was isolated from cell extracts. The isolation procedure involved two dimensional nonreducing/reducing SDS-PAGE and electroelution of the reduced off diagonal polypeptide chains from the gel. Biochemical characterization studies revealed that TsF2 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of a basic and an acidic polypeptide chain, both having m.w. of 30,000. Both chains are glycosylated and contain sialic acid residues. The basic polypeptide reacts with anti-I-J antisera, whereas the acidic chain contains the antigen-binding capacity. Monoclonal antibodies induced by immunizing rats with TsF2 purified from hybridoma supernatants were selected for the ability to block immunosuppression mediated by TsF2 in vitro. These antibodies, but not irrelevant antibodies, immunoprecipitated the 35S-methionine-labeled protein that migrates off the diagonal in two-dimensional gels. Thus, we have verified that the immunosuppressive protein that migrates off the diagonal in two-dimensional gels binds to antibodies that are known to inhibit the biologic activity of unpurified TsF2. PMID- 3489046 TI - Human T cell gamma-chain gene rearrangements in acute lymphoid and nonlymphoid leukemia: comparison with the T cell receptor beta-chain gene. AB - Rearrangement of germ-line genes coding for T and B cell antigen receptor molecules is an early event in lymphoid development which eventually leads to the generation of clonal diversity in receptor-positive lymphocytes. Three T cell associated rearranging genes have been described. Two, T alpha and T beta, code for the two polypeptide chains that form the T cell receptor heterodimer. The function of the third gene, the gamma-gene (T gamma), is not known. To learn more about the behavior of T gamma during lymphoid ontogeny, we compared rearrangement of T gamma and T beta genes in leukemic cells arrested at varied stages of lymphoid and myeloid development. We analyzed 38 fresh cell lines and 15 established cell lines from a total of 53 leukemic patients. Cells were immunophenotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing T-, B-, or myeloid-associated surface markers. Sixteen T-lineage cases were studied; 15 displayed both T beta and T gamma rearrangements. The exception (germ-line for T beta and T gamma) was an immature CD2(T11)+, CD3(T3)-, CD7(3A1)+, CD1(T6)+, CD5(T101)+ phenotype. Fourteen non-T non-B leukemias were analyzed; eight were germ-line for both T beta and T gamma, four had rearrangements involving both T beta and T gamma, and two were germ-line for T beta and rearranged to T gamma. Four cases with acute biphenotypic leukemia were studied; two had rearrangements of T beta and T gamma, and two were germ-line for both genes. Cells from nonlymphocytic leukemias were studied in 19 cases. All were found to be germ-line for both T beta and T gamma. Fifty-one of 53 genomic DNA samples were concordant for T gamma and T beta rearrangement. These results indicate that rearrangement of T gamma can occur in leukemic cells of B cell as well as T cell precursor origin, as has been reported previously for T beta. PMID- 3489045 TI - HLA-DP can be expressed with or without -DR molecules on a malignant B cell line. AB - HLA class II molecules (HLA-DR, -DQ, -DP) appear to differ in their ability to serve as corecognition elements in antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. Expression of these molecules on the autologous malignant B cell lines BALM-3, 4, and -5 was studied by binding of alloantisera and by indirect immunofluorescence and immune precipitation performed with well-characterized monoclonal antibodies. The following phenotypes were identified: BALM-5, HLA-DR+, -DP+; BALM-4, HLA-DR-, -DP+; BALM-3, HLA-DR-, -DP-. When treated with phorbol acetate (TPA), all three cell lines synthesize and express both HLA-DR and -DP molecules, indicating that the structural genes for these molecules remain intact. Thus HLA-DP can be expressed with or without HLA-DR molecules. Immune precipitation studies of metabolically labeled BALM-4 cells detect HLA-DR molecules in cells from TPA-treated but not control cultures, suggesting that TPA acts by inducing the transcription and/or translation of the genes for these class II molecules. HLA-DP molecules are detected in cells from both BALM-4 cultures. Recent studies suggest that BALM-5 but not BALM-3 or BALM-4 cells are HLA-DQ positive. TPA also appears to induce expression of HLA-DQ molecules on the latter two cell lines. The unique class II phenotypes of these autologous B cell lines in the resting state therefore appear to reflect differences in their ability to execute discrete steps leading to the surface expression of individual class II molecules. Variable expression of individual class II molecules by different cell populations may affect their ability to present cell-associated antigens to T lymphocytes. PMID- 3489047 TI - Simplified microELISA for the quantitation of murine serum amyloid A protein. AB - A simplified microELISA has been developed which permits the rapid quantitation of serum amyloid A protein, SAA, in acute-phase mouse sera. Serum samples are directly diluted without prior denaturation into bicarbonate buffer and coated overnight onto microtiter plates. A rat polyclonal anti-SAA serum is used as the primary antibody followed by an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG serum. The specificity of the rat polyclonal serum has been demonstrated on immunoblots from high density lipoprotein preparations from normal and lipopolysaccharide induced acute-phase mouse sera. This assay permits the reproducible quantitation of murine SAA during an inflammatory response. PMID- 3489048 TI - Isolation of antigen-binding virgin and memory B cells. AB - One major obstacle in studying the activation of antigen-specific B cells is the small number of B cells reactive with a particular antigenic epitope. In this report, we describe a method by which large numbers of highly purified antigen binding cells can be obtained. We have shown that by varying the haptenation level of the erythrocytes used for rosetting, we can purify antigen-binding B cells which have different affinities for the antigenic epitope. Thus, memory cells (which have receptors of higher affinity) can be prepared and these cells are essentially free of contaminating virgin cells. The effects of varying the haptenation levels on the red cells used for purifying the B cells can, in turn, be related to the precursor frequency of secreting cells following their activation with T cells and antigen. PMID- 3489049 TI - Changes in proliferating cell subpopulations and mitotic activity in human epidermal cultures treated with epithelial growth inhibitors. AB - Labeling of cultured human epidermal cells with [3H]thymidine has revealed a dramatic heterogeneity among sorted S-phase cells. Cell kinetic studies have shown that these differences in labeling intensity most probably reflect differences in the rate of DNA synthesis, and cycling basal cells may be divided into subpopulations on this basis. Studies with growth stimulators have suggested that these subpopulations are involved in cell renewal or population expansion during early differentiation of the keratinocyte. In the present study the effects of an epidermal growth inhibitor purified from an epidermis extract and a kidney epithelial growth inhibitor obtained from conditioned medium of BSC-1 cell cultures were investigated. Both agents were shown to cause a dramatic decrease in mitotic activity in the epidermal cultures and also to diminish the proportion of S-phase cells with a strong thymidine incorporation (high rate of DNA replication). The effect of the BSC-1 growth inhibitor was furthermore shown to be counteracted by epidermal growth factor and cholera toxin. PMID- 3489051 TI - Circulating T- and B-cell abnormalities in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. AB - Seven patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), 11 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), and 17 age-, sex-, and race-matched controls were examined for the number of circulating peripheral blood T and B cells, immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesizing cells, and Ig secreting cells. A significant alteration in T-cell subsets was detected only in SCLE patients who manifested a decreased number of OKT8 cells. Circulating B cells were significantly increased only in the SCLE patients. The percentage of Ig synthesizing and secreting cells was significantly increased in both the DLE and the SCLE groups. The somewhat unexpected increase in Ig synthesizing and secreting cells in the DLE patients could not be accounted for by antimalarial treatment or the concurrence of the HLA-DR3 phenotype. There was, however, a weak but significant correlation between the degree of B-cell activation in the DLE patients and the number of American Rheumatism Association criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) possessed by these patients. These data demonstrate that abnormalities in B-cell function similar to those seen in SLE can also be found in a group of lupus erythematosus patients whose clinical disease expression is limited predominantly to the skin. PMID- 3489050 TI - A sensitive and specific assay to detect Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antibodies. AB - This paper describes a sensitive and specific immunoblotting procedure to detect Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) autoantibodies in the serum of patients with lupus erythematosus. In order to perform this procedure, we have partially purified the Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antigens from human spleen extracts by DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. The Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) antigens were immobilized on nitrocellulose paper after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tested against a panel of sera at different dilutions: normal human sera (n = 14), Ro(SS-A) antisera (n = 6), La(SS-B) (n = 7), Ro(SS A)/La(SS-B) (n = 8), Sm-nRNP-La(SS-B) (n = 2). We found that Ro(SS-A) antisera react with a protein of an approximate Mr of 58K, whereas the La(SS-B) antisera reacted with two bands of Mr 42 and 40K, respectively. Antisera with both autoantibodies [Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B)] reacted with both antigens, whereas the control NHS, anti-nRNP, and anti-Sm did not stain the Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) protein bands. In addition, some of the positive sera continued reacting with the respective antigens at extremely high dilutions. This procedure can be easily adapted to test many serum samples and produce data which include Mr of the antigen and titer of autoantibodies in the patient's serum. PMID- 3489052 TI - UVB/PUVA-induced suppression of human natural killer activity is reduced by superoxide dismutase and/or interleukin 2 in vitro. AB - We have evaluated the effects of ultraviolet irradiation or PUVA treatment [8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) irradiation] on natural killer (NK) activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In vitro exposure of PBMC to UVB (280-320 nm, 1-30 mJ/cm2) or PUVA [8-MOP, 0.1 microgram/ml; UVA (320-400 nm), 0.5-5 J/cm2] resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of NK activity, whereas UVA (0.5-5 J/cm2) or 8-MOP (0.1 microgram/ml) treatment alone did not have the inhibitory effects. This suppressive effect of UVB/PUVA irradiation was successfully reduced in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100 or 1000 U/ml) during the irradiation. The addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) (100 U/ml) markedly enhanced the NK activity of both irradiated and nonirradiated PBMC. Combination treatment with both SOD and IL-2 to UVB/PUVA-irradiated PBMC resulted in a more remarkable improvement of NK suppression than with either SOD or IL-2 treatment alone. PMID- 3489054 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3489053 TI - EBNA-negative polyclonal B cells derived from a long-term culture of unclassified acute lymphoblastic leukemia: IL-2-like activity of culture's supernatant. AB - A long-term culture of bone marrow lymphoblasts in a case of unclassified acute lymphoblastic leukemia is described. Cells lacking any lymphocytic marker in the early phase of the culture were gradually substituted by B cells showing a pattern of polyclonality. The culture supernatant contained high levels of immunoglobulins also showing interleukin 2 activity. Search for antigens related to the Epstein-Barr virus was negative. A clonal expansion of B cells versus spontaneous differentiation of unclassified leukemic cells is discussed; the long term culture technique as a tool for a better evaluation of leukemic cells is suggested and discussed. PMID- 3489055 TI - Clofazimine enteropathy: possible relation to Peyer's patches. AB - Clofazimine administered orally to rats and mice caused pigmentation of the intestines, draining lymph nodes, fat, and other tissues and organs. Peyer's patches were always more deeply colored than the remainder of the intestine. A microscopic study revealed crystal-containing epithelioid cell granulomas in the patches and in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes but not in the remainder of the gut. During the evolution of the granulomas, some of the epithelioid cells were capable of phagocytosing an iron complex, a circumstance which made it possible to get detailed views of the clofazimine crystals in paraffin sections by negative contrast in histochemical stains for iron. The granulomas appeared after three oral treatments during 1 week, but were better developed after six or more treatments during 2 or more weeks. Similar observations were made in three strains of rats and in mice. We hypothesize that the greater pigmentation of Peyer's patches and their granulomatous response to clofazimine might indicate a special susceptibility to toxic effects of the drug. Whether or not this susceptibility is the starting point for an enteropathy can only be determined by examination of affected human tissues and by further animal experimentation. PMID- 3489056 TI - [Plasma exchange therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: its indication and evaluation]. PMID- 3489057 TI - Eosinophil chemotactic factors from granuloma of Kimura's disease, with special reference to T lymphocyte-derived factors. AB - The granuloma of patients with Kimura's disease characterized by tissue and peripheral blood eosinophilia was reviewed with respect to eosinophil infiltration. An infiltrate of inflammatory cells with histiocytes and a sprinkling of eosinophils were observed in the fibrous stroma surrounding the newly formed vessels. Mast cells were rarely seen in the areas where eosinophils were grouped together. Three different eosinophil chemotactic factors (ECF) were isolated from the granulomas of Kimura's disease. They were termed as low molecular weight (LMW), intermediate molecular weight (IMW), and high molecular weight (HMW)-ECF according to the profile on gel filtration (LMW-ECF, about 500; IMW-ECF, about 12,500; HMW-ECF, 45,000-70,000). In terms of their activity when extracted from the granuloma, LMW-ECF and HMW-ECF seemed to be major natural mediators for the tissue eosinophilia, whereas IMW-ECF was a minor one. In an in vitro system, it was shown that granuloma lymphoid cells produce spontaneously at least two ECF having similar properties to LMW- and HMW-ECF, respectively. By analysis with monoclonal antibodies, granuloma T cells, probably OKT4-positive cells, were shown to be responsible for the production of those two ECF. It was thus suggested that prolonged synthesis of LMW- and HMW-ECF by OKT4-positive T cells plays a crucial role in the local eosinophilia of Kimura's disease. PMID- 3489059 TI - Fibronectin is present on B-cells but not on OKT 3-positive T-lymphocytes or Leu 11-positive natural killer cells. AB - We examined T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells of four normal individuals for surface-bound fibronectin (FN) using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and double fluorescence labeling with monoclonal antibodies. While Leu 12 (CD 19)-positive B-cells stained also uniformly with anti-FN antibody, neither OKT 3 (CD 3)-positive T-cells nor Leu 11 (CD 16)-positive natural killer cells could be labeled with anti-FN. Although an anti-FN receptor antibody was not available, these data strongly suggest a distinct pattern of FN-binding by human lymphocytes. PMID- 3489058 TI - Flow-cytometric and ultrastructural analysis of alveolar macrophage maturation. AB - Alveolar macrophages (AM) from adult and newborn rats were studied by flow cytometry and ultrastructural morphometry. We observed that the laser scatter and autofluorescent properties of newborn macrophages were different from those of adult cells. Relative to the adult AM, the forward-angle laser scatter obtained with the newborn AM was reduced; this optical measurement appeared to correlate with the smaller mean size, as determined by ultrastructural and electronic volume measurements. The diminished right-angle laser scatter (90 degrees angle) correlated with the presence of fewer small, irregularly shaped lysosomal structures in the newborn AM, compared with AM from adult animals. AM from 1-2 day-old rats displayed large vacuoles containing multilamellar structures, which proved to be less effective at scattering light. Cells from newborn rats were less autofluorescent, a finding that appeared to correlate best with the numbers of secondary lysosomes. Flow cytometry may be used to discern structural alterations that occur during the maturation of AM. These changes correlate well with quantitative ultrastructural analyses of these cells. PMID- 3489060 TI - Role of Ly-6 in lymphocyte activation. II. Induction of T cell activation by monoclonal anti-Ly-6 antibodies. AB - The Ly-6 locus controls the expression and/or encodes for alloantigenic specificities found primarily on subpopulations of murine T and B lymphocytes. We have recently identified and characterized a new rat mAb, D7, that recognizes a nonpolymorphic Ly-6 specificity. After crosslinking by anti-Ig reagents or by Fc receptor-bearing accessory cells, mAb D7 could induce IL-2 production from T cell hybridomas, and in the presence of PMA could trigger a vigorous proliferative response in resting peripheral T cells. The addition of mAb D7 to cultures of antigen- and alloantigen-, but not mitogen-stimulated T cells resulted in a marked augmentation of the proliferative response. A number of other well characterized mAbs to Ly-6 locus products could also stimulate a T cell proliferative response after crosslinking by anti-Ig and in the presence of PMA. These results strongly suggest that Ly-6 molecules may play a critical role in the T cell activation cascade, either as receptors for an unidentified soluble or cell-associated ligand or as transducing molecules that modulate signals initiated by antigen stimulation of the T3-Ti complex. PMID- 3489062 TI - Dissection of the lymphokine-activated killer phenomenon. Relative contribution of peripheral blood natural killer cells and T lymphocytes to cytolysis. AB - In vitro culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in IL-2 results in the generation of cytotoxic cells that can lyse fresh and cultured solid tumor cells, as well as hematopoietic tumor cell lines, without deliberate immunization or MHC restriction. This has been referred to as the lymphokine activated killer (LAK) phenomenon. Here, we show that the majority of this activity is mediated by NK cells that express the Leu-19 (NKH-1) antigen, but do not express CD3. The precursor of this effector population also expressed the phenotype CD3-, Leu-19+. Peripheral blood CD3+ T lymphocytes contributed little to the LAK phenomenon, although low levels of non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity against hematopoietic tumor cell targets were mediated by a subset of CD3+ T lymphocytes that coexpressed the Leu-19 antigen. These studies clearly indicated that the LAK phenomenon is not mediated by a unique LAK cell, but is mediated mainly by IL-2 activated peripheral blood NK cells. PMID- 3489061 TI - Structure and function of three novel MHC class I antigens derived from a C3H ultraviolet-induced fibrosarcoma. AB - The UV-induced, C3H fibrosarcoma, 1591, expresses at least three unique MHC class I antigens not found on normal C3H tissue. Here we report the complete DNA sequence of the three novel class I genes encoding these molecules, and describe in detail the recognition of the individual products by tumor-reactive and allospecific CTL. Remarkably, although C3H does not appear to express H-2L locus information, this C3H tumor expresses two distinct antigens, termed A149 and A166, which are extremely homologous to each other and to the H-2Ld antigen from BALB/c. The gene encoding the third novel class I antigen from 1591, A216, is quite homologous to H-2Kk) throughout its 3' end. Since all three of these genes account for polymorphic restriction fragments not found in C3H, it is likely that they were derived by recombination from the endogenous class I genes of C3H. The DNA sequence homology of A149, A166, and H-2Ld is especially significant given the functional conservation observed between the products of these genes. Limited sequence substitutions appear to correlate with some of the discrete serological differences observed between these molecules. In addition, both A149 and A166 crossreact, but to differing extents, with H-2Ld at the level of T cell recognition. Our results are consistent with the view that CTL recognize complex conformational determinants on class I molecules, but extend previous observations by comparing a set of antigens with discrete and overlapping structural and functional differences. PMID- 3489063 TI - Induction of the c-myc protooncogene after antigen binding to hapten-specific B cells. AB - The stimulation of hapten-specific B cell populations with the thymus-dependent antigen, TNP-KLH, was found to induce elevated levels of c-myc mRNA by 2 h. A similar treatment with carrier protein alone did not elevate c-myc mRNA above the level seen in the nonstimulated, resting B cells. These results indicate that antigen binding to the sIg receptor, in the absence of Th cell involvement, directly signals the antigen-binding cell and implicates the active participation of sIg during the process of antigen-mediated B cell activation. PMID- 3489065 TI - Self-sparing of long-term in vitro-cloned or uncloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - At least some long-term in vitro-cultured cytotoxic T cell clones and uncloned cell populations are able, in the presence of Con A, to lyse other cells, to be lysed by other cells, but not to lyse themselves. This as-yet-unexplained result may have implications as to the mechanism of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3489066 TI - Individual variation in maximum aerobic capacity: cardiovascular and enzymatic correlates in Rana catesbeiana. AB - We quantified natural variation in maximum aerobic capacity (V02max) exhibited by a free-living population of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and examined the degree to which such variation is associated with key parameters of the systemic oxygen transport apparatus and oxidative enzyme (citrate synthase) activity at the tissue level. Regression analysis of these data revealed that only ventricle mass and hemoglobin concentration accounted for significant fractions of the variation in V02max. Neither variation in maximum heart rate nor in citrate synthase activity were significantly correlated with individual variation in maximum aerobic capacity. These results support the contention that, in at least some taxa, maximum aerobic capacity is limited by the ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to the tissues. PMID- 3489064 TI - Regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1 during pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy results in an elevation in serum and tissue concentrations of the mononuclear phagocytic growth factor, CSF-1 (colony-stimulating factor 1). These increases are associated with an increase in the number of monocytes in the circulation, and with increases in the number of splenic macrophage precursors. In contrast to the approximately 2-fold elevation of the CSF-1 concentrations in serum and most tissues, pregnancy results in a 1,000-fold increase in the concentration of uterine CSF-1. The roughly fivefold elevation in uterine CSF-1 concentration observed at day 5 of pregnancy could be mimicked by administration of chorionic gonadotrophin in intact but not ovariectomized mice. These dramatic changes in uterine CSF-1 concentrations may indicate a role for CSF-1 in the regulation of nonmononuclear phagocytic cell types. PMID- 3489067 TI - Forelimb regeneration in the postmetamorphic bullfrog: stimulation by dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid. AB - To examine the effects of retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide on regenerative ability of anuran amphibians, the left forelimbs of 60 postmetamorphic froglets of Rana catesbeiana (bullfrogs) were amputated through the distal zeugopodium. Fifteen of the froglets had their left forelimb stumps immersed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 3 minutes, once immediately after amputation and once on each of 5 subsequent days. Another 15 frogs had their left forelimb stumps immersed in a 0.01 M solution of retinoic acid dissolved in DMSO for the same period of time. The remaining 30 control froglets did not regenerate structures distal to the amputation surface, while all limbs in both treated groups produced regenerates by 120 days postamputation. Regenerates of limbs treated with both DMSO alone and DMSO combined with retinoic acid, although hypomorphic, were composed of multiple cartilage elements, which in many cases (46.7%) were organized as patterns partially resembling the skeletal arrangement of a normal forelimb. All of these regenerates exhibited bundles of striated muscle. In addition, nearly half (46.7%) of the regenerates in the DMSO + retinoic acid group possessed two separate regenerate outgrowths. The results demonstrate that young bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) possess a latent epimorphic regenerative capability, which can be stimulated by topical application to the wound surface of DMSO alone or DMSO combined with retinoic acid. PMID- 3489068 TI - Selective depressant action of antidromic impulses on gustatory nerve signals. AB - The depressant action of antidromic volleys of impulses on gustatory nerve signals from the tongues of bullfrogs was studied. Electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve at a rate of 100 Hz for 10 s and at supramaximal intensity slightly depressed the integrated glossopharyngeal nerve responses to quinine and to mechanical taps to the tongue. The same antidromic stimuli resulted in a 30 40% reduction in the responses to salt, acid, water, and warmed saline, but depressed greater than 80% of the afferent impulses firing spontaneously. The magnitude of responses to quinine and NaCl and the number of spontaneous discharges decreased gradually with an increase in either the frequency or the duration of antidromic stimuli. Similar results were obtained with intensities above the threshold for exciting gustatory and slowly adapting mechanosensitive fibers. The time required to recover from termination of the antidromic stimuli to two-thirds of the maximal amount of depression ranged between 6 and 7 min, with no significant differences among the depressions. The possible mechanisms involved in the antidromic depression of gustatory nerve signals are discussed. PMID- 3489069 TI - MPTP and the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. Clinical implications. London, June 27, 1985. PMID- 3489071 TI - The effect of thigh muscle reconditioning by electrical stimulation on urodynamic activity in SCI patients. AB - Various forms of electrical stimulation are being used more frequently for bladder and muscle rehabilitation following spinal injury. Fifteen patients with spinal cord injury underwent a four to eight week period of thigh muscle reconditioning by surface electrical stimulation. The accumulated effects of this program on bladder function were assessed by urodynamic evaluation before and after the test period. Seven patients had beneficial changes of either an increase in bladder capacity and/or a decrease in bladder pressure. Six patients had a decrease in bladder capacity and/or an increase in bladder pressure, although two of these six patients had resolution of spinal shock. Two patients with detrusor areflexia had no changes in pressure or capacity. There was no change in the basic urodynamic patterns, only the parameters of bladder capacity and pressure. Increasing the use of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of the spinal cord population might alter bladder function, although not consistently. One should, therefore, be aware of these changes when setting up such rehabilitation programs. PMID- 3489070 TI - MPTP toxicity: clinical features. AB - MPTP causes acute irreversible Parkinsonism in man that mimics the idiopathic condition exactly. It is therefore a better model of the naturally occurring disease than previously described cases secondary to other chemicals or viruses. PMID- 3489072 TI - Prevention of the nigrostriatal toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine by inhibitors of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine transport. AB - The 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine) uptake inhibitors GBR 13,069, amfonelic acid, WIN-35,065-2, WIN-35,428, nomifensine, mazindol, cocaine, McN 5908, McN-5847, and McN-5292 were effective in preventing [3H]DA and [3H]1-methyl 4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) uptake in rat and mouse neostriatal tissue slices. These DA uptake inhibitors also were effective in attenuating the MPP+-induced release of [3H]DA in vitro. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration to mice (6 X 25 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in a large (70-80%) decrement in neostriatal DA. WIN-35,428 (5 mg/kg), GBR 13,069 (10 mg/kg), McN-5292 (5 mg/kg), McN-5908 (2 mg/kg), and amfonelic acid (2 mg/kg), when administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to each MPTP injection, fully protected against MPTP-induced neostriatal damage. Other DA uptake inhibitors showed partial protection in vivo at the doses selected. Desmethylimipramine did not prevent [3H]MPP+ uptake or MPP+-induced release of [3H]DA in vitro, and did not protect against MPTP neurotoxicity in vivo. These results support the hypothesis put forth previously by others that the active uptake of MPP+ by dopaminergic neurons is necessary for toxicity. PMID- 3489073 TI - PC12 variants deficient in catecholamine transport. AB - We have isolated PC12 cell variants deficient in transporter-mediated uptake of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine). The variants either were obtained nonselectively, or they were selected by resistance to guanethidine or N-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Dopamine uptake into guanethidine resistant cells occurred with a decreased Vmax; the Km for dopamine and inhibition by guanethidine were normal. MPTP-resistant cells lacked the capacity to take up dopamine. Most of the variants resembled wild-type PC12 in their response to nerve growth factor and the storage and secretion of dopamine. MPTP resistant cells exhibited several deficiencies in addition to dopamine transport, i.e., no measurable storage of dopamine or acetylcholine and no observable response to nerve growth factor. Wild-type and variant cells were compared with respect to the labeling of cell proteins with [3H]xylamine, which binds covalently to certain proteins apparently only after entering PC12 via the catecholamine transporter. When intact variant cells were used, there was markedly reduced labeling of the proteins by [3H]xylamine. Almost all of these proteins were readily labeled when cell homogenates were exposed to [3H]xylamine. However, MPTP-resistant cells were missing three of these proteins. Northern blot analysis with cDNA clones revealed that the MPTP-resistant cells had markedly reduced levels of several specific mRNA species. PMID- 3489074 TI - Abnormal eye-head coordination in Parkinson's disease patients after administration of levodopa: a possible substrate of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. AB - Head oscillations in response to whole body oscillation of Parkinsonian patients before and after administration of levodopa were compared with those of normal subjects. Parkinsonian patients developed large increases in the amplitude of their head movements while fixating a stationary target after administration of levodopa. This increase was proportional to disease severity and was maximal in stage IV patients with levodopa induced dyskinesias. These findings indicate a fundamental yet reversible change in the strategy of eye-head coordination in Parkinsonian patients after administration of levodopa which may be due to release of normally inhibited visuo-vestibular reflexes. PMID- 3489075 TI - Evaluation of evoked potentials and lymphocyte subsets as possible markers of multiple sclerosis: one year follow up of 30 patients. AB - Evoked potentials and T-lymphocyte helper/suppressor ratio (H/S) were evaluated serially together with neurological status in 30 definite multiple sclerosis patients to evaluate their possible role in monitoring disease progression. Evoked potentials in many cases reflected the clinical status of the pathways tested, but some exceptions were observed, probably due to subclinical relapses or physical factors. In some instances the occurrence of subclinical relapses was suggested by increased H/S ratios. Serial H/S values increased in parallel with clinical and subclinical relapses, and seemed to show specific patterns in relation to the type of clinical course (relapsing, stable, chronic progressive). Our results suggest that evoked potentials and H/S ratio serial analysis can contribute to a better assessment of the progress of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3489076 TI - Distal dendrites of frog motor neurons: a computer-aided electron microscopic study of cobalt-filled cells. AB - With the aid of the cobalt labelling technique, frog spinal cord motor neuron dendrites of the subpial dendritic plexus have been identified in serial electron micrographs. Computer reconstructions of various lengths (2.5-9.8 micron) of dendritic segments showed the contours of these dendrites to be highly irregular, and to present many thorn-like projections 0.4-1.8 micron long. Number, size and distribution of synaptic contacts were also determined. Almost half of the synapses occurred at the origins of the thorns and these synapses had the largest contact areas. Only 8 out of 54 synapses analysed were found on thorns and these were the smallest. For the total length of reconstructed dendrites there was, on average, one synapse per 1.2 micron, while 4.4% of the total dendritic surface was covered with synaptic contacts. The functional significance of these distal dendrites and their capacity to influence the soma membrane potential is discussed. PMID- 3489077 TI - A comparison of active zone structure in frog neuromuscular junctions from two fast muscles with different synaptic efficacy. AB - To search for ultrastructural correlates of differences in synaptic safety factor and neurotransmitter release, neuromuscular junctions from the cutaneous pectoris and cutaneous dorsi muscles of the grass frog Rana pipiens were freeze fractured. Synaptic efficacy in these muscles was determined by the extent to which isometric twitch tension could be blocked by lowering [Ca2+] in the bathing solution. We found that junctions in the cutaneous pectoris were significantly more effective than those of the cutaneous dorsi. Morphometric analysis of 16 junctions from each type of muscle showed significant differences in some aspects of active zone structure. Cutaneous pectoris terminals had longer active zone segments and active zones spaced more closely together. This resulted in 20% more active zone length per unit terminal length in the cutaneous pectoris. Cutaneous dorsi terminals had active zones that were more often segmented into two or more sections at a single junctional fold. Mean active zone length per junctional fold and the number of active zone particles per micrometre of active zone length were not significantly different. As a result of the somewhat larger terminal width in the cutaneous dorsi, the percentage of terminal width occupied by active zone was greater in the cutaneous pectoris. As an attempt to indirectly estimate active zone spacing with the light microscope, we applied rhodamine-conjugated alpha bungarotoxin to neuromuscular junctions from the cutaneous pectoris and cutaneous dorsi. No significant difference in the spacing of fluorescently labelled acetylcholine receptor bands was found between the two types of junctions. Our results indicated that the greater active zone length per unit terminal length in the cutaneous pectoris was associated with its increased synaptic efficacy. In addition the continuity and particle organization of active zones may have contributed to the observed differences in synaptic safety factor at frog neuromuscular junctions. PMID- 3489079 TI - Intraoperative right ventricular dysfunction detected with a right ventricular ejection fraction catheter. PMID- 3489078 TI - Effects of pulse duration on neuromuscular blockade monitoring: implications for supramaximal stimulation. AB - Questions have been raised concerning the reliability of surface electrodes in achieving supramaximal stimulation during the monitoring of neuromuscular blockade; needle electrodes are considered reliable in this respect. This study compares interelectrode impedances of needle and surface electrodes during neuromuscular blockade monitoring and suggests those characteristics of the stimulation pulse that can ensure reliable supramaximal stimulation with either type of electrode. Interelectrode voltage and current for surface and needle electrodes were measured by using 1.0-ms pulses at low, medium, and high stimulation levels on 22 surgical patients during anesthesia. Data were collected immediately after electrode application, and again at 10 minutes after application. Stimulation with surface electrodes produced an initial, transient surge of current, followed by a lower steady-state value. At high stimulation levels, the peak transient current was 87% higher than the steady-state current. Needle electrodes produced a constant high-current response. At high stimulation levels the transient impedance of the surface electrode and the impedance of the needle electrode were essentially equal (0.7 k omega and 0.75 k omega, respectively). The transient impedance was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) and was associated with less interpatient variation (P less than 0.001) and less sensitivity to the duration of electrode application than was the steady state impedance of the surface electrode. These data suggest that high-current pulses with widths of less than 0.2 ms could provide reliable supramaximal stimulation with either type of electrode. PMID- 3489082 TI - Pattern of intracranial and extracranial projections of trigeminal ganglion cells. AB - The trigeminal sensory innervation of the major cerebral vessels is thought to carry the nociceptive information during a migraine headache, and this pain is usually referred to the forehead area. Using retrograde tracing techniques, we have described the distribution of sensory trigeminal cells that innervate the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the forehead. Nearest-neighbor analysis of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal ganglion revealed that cells innervating the forehead tend to be clumped around individual cells that innervate the MCA. An average of less than 1 cell per animal was found to project divergent collaterals to both areas. The close association of ganglion cell bodies innervating the cerebral vasculature and those innervating forehead areas may underlie the convergence of their central processes onto common brain-stem trigeminal nucleus cells, and thus the referral of headache pain. In contrast to the lack of ganglion cells with axonal collaterals to the cerebral vasculature and forehead, a significant population of cells that innervate the MCA also have collateral projections to other cerebral arterial branches (branches of the middle meningeal artery), as well as the surrounding dura. Thus, the innervation targets of individual trigeminal cells are very widespread intracranially (including arteries and dura), but separate cells in the ophthalmic division innervate extracranial targets. PMID- 3489080 TI - Phase I evaluation of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with advanced malignant disease. AB - Seventeen patients with refractory malignant tumors were treated with recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) administered by weekly bolus intravenous (IV) injection in a phase I dose escalation trial. Patients received 10,000 to 1,000,000 U/m2 per injection over a course of 3 to 33 weeks. Toxicity was dose related and consisted primarily of fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. Hypotension was observed at doses of 500,000 U/m2 or higher and in one instance was sufficiently severe to require pressors. No tumor regression was seen and all patients eventually developed progressive disease. Blood levels of cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, and growth hormone as well as the acute phase reactant C reactive protein (CRP) increased after the administration of IL-2 in most patients. Serum IL-2 levels in excess of 250 U/mL were detected five minutes after an IV injection of 1,000,000 U/m2, after which the levels declined with a half-life of approximately 25 minutes. No alteration in lymphocyte surface phenotype or enhancement in natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against natural killer (NK)-sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines was observed when these parameters were measured weekly just before the IL-2 injections. However, a dramatic but transient decline in circulating lymphocytes and NK activity was noted within hours of receiving IL-2. This effect was independent of fever and was not abrogated by pretreatment with ibuprofen or metyrapone. The majority of patients developed serum IgG antibodies of IL-2 detectable with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a nitrocellulose dot blot assay. The development of anti-IL-2 antibodies was not associated with symptoms suggestive of serum sickness, reductions in serum complement levels, or deterioration in lymphocyte tumoricidal activity. This investigation provides insight into the in vivo actions of this potent biological response modifier and will assist in the design of future studies with IL-2 administered alone or in conjunction with other treatment modalities. PMID- 3489083 TI - Facilitation and delayed release at single frog neuromuscular junctions. AB - Facilitation and delayed spontaneous release were recorded from neuromuscular junctions at 2 temperatures. In some experiments, Sr2+ substituted for Ca2+. We measured the ratio of delayed release to resting spontaneous release (D), and the ratio of the second end-plate potential amplitude to the first (F). An extension of the model of Barton et al. (1983) relating Ca2+ to evoked and spontaneous release is presented. If residual Ca2+ accounts for facilitation and delayed release, then D must be greater than F. In all of our experiments, D was greater than F. We conclude that residual Ca2+ is sufficient to account for facilitation and delayed release at the frog neuromuscular junction. However, D falls abruptly at a time when F is almost unaltered, which raises serious difficulties in accepting the residual calcium hypothesis. PMID- 3489081 TI - Induction of human glioma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lines by autologous tumor stimulation and interleukin 2. AB - Two human glioma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (G-S-CTL) lines were established by autologous tumor stimulation (ATS) with the aid of lectin free interleukin 2 (IL 2). Coculture of patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes and autologous irradiated glioma cells and subsequent addition of partially purified IL 2 enhanced the tumoricidal activity of the lymphocytes. These CTL lines possessed cross-cytotoxic activity against autologous allogeneic glioma cells and exhibited low cytotoxic activity against non-glial tumor cells. They did not lyse autologous lymphoblasts. This phenomenon suggested the existence of a common glioma-specific antigen recognized by the CTL lines. T-cell subset depletion test revealed that the major surface phenotype of G-S-CTL line, responsible for cytotoxic activity was OKT 3 positive, OKT 4 negative and OKT 8 positive. G-S-CTL lines were composed of a low proportion of OKT 8 positive subpopulation after primary ATS and successive propagation with IL 2. The proportion of OKT 8 positive subpopulation was increased by secondary ATS, which enhanced the cytotoxic activity to glioma cells more effectively. PMID- 3489084 TI - Comparison of low- and medium-energy collimators for SPECT imaging with iodine 123-labeled antibodies. AB - The planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging performance of two low-energy and one medium-energy collimators has been compared for 123I(p,5n). Septal penetration in the low-energy collimators affected the planar uniformity and sensitivity and made the usual uniformity correction methods inappropriate. SPECT uniformity and resolution were also distorted by these artifacts induced in the planar images obtained with the low-energy collimators. The planar and SPECT images of a SPECT phantom contradicted the spatial resolution measurements made with a line source in air. The medium-energy collimator is recommended for imaging 123I(p,5n)-labeled antibodies in patients, particularly when quantitation is required. PMID- 3489085 TI - [Spinal axon collaterals of vestibulo-spinal tract neurons identified by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)]. PMID- 3489086 TI - [Prognostic correlation among facial nerve palsy, hearing impairment, and vestibular disorder in Ramsay Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 3489087 TI - [Effect of intra-peritoneal administration of epidermal growth factor to maternal mice on the palatal morphogenesis of fetuses--concomitant administration with cortisone acetate]. PMID- 3489088 TI - Arthritis associated with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: septic or reactive? AB - We reviewed 165 pediatric cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis and found 11 (6.7%) with associated arthritis. Synovial fluid culture and Gram stain suggested that only three of these 11 cases were caused by a septic process. In all three children with septic arthritis, joint symptoms were present on admission or within 24 hours. In contrast, of the eight who had reactive arthritis, arthritis did not appear in six until after 1 week of antibiotic therapy. Patients with septic arthritis were older than patients with reactive arthritis (mean 31 months vs 17 months), had a longer duration of symptoms before the start of antibiotic therapy (mean 6.0 days vs 2.5 days), and were more likely to have a positive blood culture (67% vs 18%). It is probable that the majority of episodes of synovitis occurring after H. influenzae meningitis occur as a result of a reactive rather than a septic process. Treatment of reactive arthritis should be with anti-inflammatory agents rather than with multiple joint aspirations and prolonged antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3489089 TI - Suppression of immune function in growth hormone-deficient children during treatment with human growth hormone. AB - Inasmuch as growth hormone is known to interact with the immune system, we studied immune functions including immunoglobulins, cell surface markers, mitogen responses, and polymorphonuclear cell function in eight children with growth hormone deficiency, ages 1 to 17 years, before and during treatment with human growth hormone for 12 to 16 months. Before treatment immune functions were normal in all children. Treatment with human growth hormone did not significantly affect serum immunoglobulins, polymorphonuclear cell function, or percent T cells. However, percent B cells decreased to subnormal levels in seven of seven patients. T helper/suppressor ratios decreased in all patients, to subnormal values in seven of eight patients; and mitogen responses decreased to below normal in all. The decline of percent B cells was transient in all patients, of T helper/suppressor ratios in seven of eight, and mitogen responses in five of eight patients. In vitro incubation of lymphocytes with growth hormone resulted in no changes in cell surface markers or mitogen responses. Although the depression of immune functions resulted in no increased rate of infections during the observation period, we do not know the possible effects of prolonged treatment and therefore caution against the indiscriminate use of human growth hormone. The effects of biosynthetically obtained growth hormone on immune function remain to be determined. PMID- 3489090 TI - Reliability of random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin determination on nondried stools. PMID- 3489091 TI - The vestibulo-ocular reflex during human saccadic eye movements. AB - Eye and head movements were recorded in normal humans during rapid refixations with the head still (saccades) or moving (gaze saccades) to determine if the vestibulo-ocular reflex was operating at such times. Subjects made self electrooculogram for large saccades and with the eyecoil/magnetic field method for smaller movements. The putative function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex during a gaze saccade is to adjust the movement of the eye for the movement of the head by adding the saccadic command and the vestibular signal. This action, referred to here as linear summation, would maintain gaze-saccade accuracy by making gaze velocity (eye in space) independent of head velocity. It would also preserve the duration of the eye saccades of about 200 deg. When a subject increased his head velocity voluntarily, for example, from 420 to 805 deg/s, mean gaze velocity rose from 540 to 820 deg/s and duration dropped from 380 to 250 ms. Linear summation did not occur. By means of a yoke clenched in the teeth, the subject's head could be momentarily and unexpectedly slowed by collision of the yoke with a lead weight during a 180 deg gaze saccade. The perturbation decreased head velocity by about 150-200 deg/s, decreased gaze velocity by about the same amount and did not change eye velocity (in the head); another indication that the vestibulo-ocular reflex was not working. Nevertheless, gaze-saccade duration was automatically increased so that the over-all accuracy of the movement was not changed. Subjects made saccades between targets at +/- 20 deg without attempted head movements. Simultaneously the experimenter struck the yoke, clenched in the subject's teeth, with a rubber hammer. The hammer blow caused a transient head velocity of about 70 deg/s. Gaze velocity transiently rose or fell, depending on the direction of the blow, by similar amounts and a quantitative analysis suggested that the vestibulo-ocular reflex was essentially absent. Again, duration was automatically altered so that saccade accuracy was not changed. Subjects looked back and forth between targets 20, 40 and 60 deg apart as their head turned through the straight ahead position, actively or passively, at velocities up to 600 deg/s (active) or 300 deg/s (passive).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489093 TI - Labile heat and changes in rate of relaxation of frog muscles. AB - Observations were made of the labile heat and the progressive slowing of relaxation as a function of tetanus duration (Abbott effect) during isometric tetani of frog extensor longus digiti IV (e.l.d. iv) and sartorius muscle. Both the labile heat and slowing of relaxation are less marked in e.l.d. iv than in sartorius muscle. Both effects are depressed to the same extent in the second of two closely spaced tetani in sartorius muscle. The repriming of both effects follows the same time course in sartorius muscle. The hypothesis is discussed that both effects result from binding of calcium to parvalbumin during a tetanus, and that their repriming is due to the removal of calcium from parvalbumin by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3489092 TI - Intramembrane charge movement and calcium release in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Intramembrane charge movement and myoplasmic free calcium transients (delta[Ca2+]) were monitored in voltage-clamped segments of isolated frog muscle fibres cut at both ends and mounted in a double Vaseline-gap chamber. The fibres were stretched to sarcomere lengths of 3.5-4.6 micron to minimize mechanical movement and the related optical artifacts. The over-all calcium removal capability of each fibre was characterized by analysing the decay of delta[Ca2+] following pulses of several different amplitudes and durations. The rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) calcium release was then calculated for each delta[Ca2+] using the calcium removal properties determined for that fibre. The calculated calcium release wave form reached a relatively early peak and then declined appreciably during a 100-150 ms depolarizing pulse. The voltage dependence of the peak rate of calcium release was steeper and was centred at more positive membrane potentials than the steady-state voltage dependence of charge movement in the same fibres. A considerable fraction of the total intramembrane charge was moved at potentials at which delta[Ca2+] and calcium release were only a few per cent of maximum. This 'subthreshold' charge may correspond to charge moved in preliminary transitions that precede a final charge transition that activates release. A 'stepped on' pulse protocol was used to experimentally separate the subthreshold charge movement from the charge movement of the final transitions that may control calcium release. The stepped on pulse consisted of a set 50 ms pre-pulse to a potential just at or below the potential for detectable delta[Ca2+] followed immediately by a test pulse of varying amplitude and duration. For a wide range of test pulse amplitudes and durations in the stepped on protocol the peak rate of calcium release was linearly related to the charge movement during the test pulse. This result points to a tight control of activation of s.r. calcium release by intramembrane charge movement. The voltage dependence of both charge movement and of the rate of calcium release could be fitted simultaneously with a three-state, two-transition sequential model in which charge moves in both transitions but only the final transition activates s.r. calcium release. A model with three identical and independent charged gating particles per channel gave an equally good fit to the data. Both models closely fit the charge movement and release data except within about 10 mV of the voltage at which release became detectable, where release varied more steeply with membrane potential than predicted by either model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489094 TI - Estimating the time course of evoked quantal release at the frog neuromuscular junction using end-plate current latencies. AB - The use of end-plate current (e.p.c.) latency measurements to estimate the time course of the stochastic probabilistic process governing evoked release was investigated in the sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparation of the frog, Rana pipiens. We also examined the possibility that the release of a quantum depresses or enhances the subsequent release of additional quanta. Muscle end-plates were voltage clamped at 3-4 degrees C. Quantal release was restricted to a short, or localized, region of the nerve terminal using Ca2+-free, EGTA Ringer solution and a Ca2+-filled micropipette. The number of e.p.c.s containing 0, 1, 2, etc. quanta were totalled and compared to numbers predicted using Poisson's theorem. The differences between the actual and predicted numbers of events were not significant at the nineteen junctions studied (P less than 0.05). The latency of the first quantum observed in several hundred e.p.c.s was measured and used to calculate an estimate, alpha 1(t), of the time-dependent, probabilistic process, alpha (t), governing all evoked quantal release (Barrett & Stevens, 1972b). In three experiments, all quantal latencies were measured to obtain the actual alpha (t). The alpha 1(t) function gave an excellent approximation of alpha (t) (P greater than 0.2), in real and simulated latency data. The latency of the second quantum in the e.p.c.s was measured and used to provide another estimate, alpha 2(t), of alpha (t). The alpha 2(t) function was lower (depressed) during the first few milliseconds of the evoked release period, relative to alpha 1(t). The difference was significant (P greater than 0.01) in all experiments. Our measurement procedures were tested using computer-generated 'e.p.c.s' containing randomly occurring 'quanta'. These tests showed that the early depression was due to inadequate detection of the second quantum in the e.p.c.s. The effect of Sr2+ on evoked release was examined using double-barrelled pipettes containing 1 M SrCl2 and CaCl2 solutions. The major result was that the durations of alpha 1(t) and alpha 2(t) were equally lengthened in Sr2+, relative to Ca2+. PMID- 3489095 TI - Does endoscopic sclerotherapy affect oesophageal function? PMID- 3489096 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte aggregation by progesterone. AB - Investigations were carried out on the influence of progesterone and murine trophoblast culture supernatants on the capacity of lymphocytes to form aggregates (clusters), an important feature in immunologic recognition and response. Both progesterone and trophoblast supernatants inhibited this cluster formation in a dose-dependent way. The effect of trophoblast supernatants appeared to be mediated mainly by progesterone since they lost their inhibitory effect on the cluster formation after treatment with anti-progesterone serum (APS). Preparations with I1-2 activity of rat and mouse origin could either prevent or restore the suppressive effect of both progesterone and trophoblast supernatants on lymphocyte aggregation. The interference with lymphocyte interaction by trophoblast may represent one of the mechanisms by which the fetal allograft is protected against maternal recognition. PMID- 3489097 TI - Isolation and identification of Haemophilus ducreyi in a clinical laboratory. AB - Routine procedures used to isolate Haemophilus ducreyi in a busy laboratory are reported. Identification was based on colony morphology and nutritional and biochemical properties of 120 fresh isolates of H. ducreyi. These isolates grew very well on Gonococcal Agar and Mueller-Hinton Agar incubated at 34 degrees C in candle extinction jars containing moistened filter paper. Colonies varied in size, giving a polymorphic appearance. They were smooth, dome-shaped, and buff yellow to grey in colour, and measured 2 mm in diameter. They could be pushed intact across the agar surface. By microscopic examination of gram-stained smears the isolates were gram-negative coccobacilli arranged in short chains, clumps or whorls and occasionally in typical "rail track" arrangements. Individual bacteria showed bipolar staining. Colonies autoagglutinated in saline. All strains were catalase-negative and did not produce indole or H2S. They were oxidase- and beta lactamase positive and required X but not V factor for growth. Now that reliable techniques have been developed and characteristics established it is possible for most clinical laboratories to isolate and identify this organism from most patients with chancroid. PMID- 3489098 TI - Membrane transport parameters in frog corneal epithelium measured using impedance analysis techniques. AB - Active Cl- transport in bullfrog corneal epithelium was studied using transepithelial impedance analysis methods, and direct-current (DC) measurements of membrane voltages and resistance ratios. The technique allows the estimation of the apical and basolateral membrane conductances, and the paracellular conductance, and does not rely on the use of membrane conductance-altering agents to obtain these measurements as was requisite in earlier DC equivalent-circuit analysis studies. In addition, the analysis results in estimates of the apical and basolateral membrane capacitances, and allows resolution of the paracellular conductance into properties of the tight junctions and lateral spaces. Membrane capacitances (proportional to areas) were used to estimate the specific conductances of the apical and basolateral membranes, as well as to evaluate coupling between the cell layers. We confirm results obtained from earlier studies: apical membrane conductance is proportional to the rate of active Cl- transport and is highly Cl- selective; intracellular Cl- activity is above electrochemical equilibrium, thereby providing a net driving force for apical membrane Cl- exit; the paracellular conductance is comparable to the transcellular conductance. We also found that: the paracellular conductance is composed of the series combination of the junctional conductance and a nonnegligible lateral space resistance; a small K+ conductance reported in the apical membrane may result from Cl- channels possessing a finite permeability to K+; the basolateral membrane areas is 36 times greater than the apical membrane area which is consistent with the notion of electrical coupling between the five to six cell layers of the epithelium; the specific conductance of the basolateral membrane is many times lower than that of the apical membrane; the net transport of Cl- is modulated primarily by changes in the conductance of the apical membrane and not by changes in the net electrochemical gradient resulting from opposite changes in the electrical and chemical gradients; the conductance of the basolateral membrane does not change with transport which implies that the net driving force for K+ exit increases with transport, possibly due to an increase in the intracellular K+ activity. PMID- 3489099 TI - Localization of chloride conductance to mitochondria-rich cells in frog skin epithelium. AB - Cell volume determinations and electrophysiological measurements have been made in an attempt to determine if mitochondria-rich (MR) cells are localized pathways for conductive movements of Cl across frog skin epithelium. Determinations of cell volume with video microscope techniques during transepithelial passage of current showed that most MR cells swell when the tissue is voltage clamped to serosa-positive voltages. Voltage-induced cell swelling was eliminated when Cl was removed from the mucosal bath solution. Using a modified vibrating probe technique, it was possible to electrically localize a conductance specifically to some MR cells in some tissues. These data are evidence supporting the idea that MR cells are pathways for conductive movements of Cl through frog skin epithelium. PMID- 3489100 TI - The volume of mitochondria-rich cells of frog skin epithelium. AB - The pathway for movement of chloride ions across frog skin is not well understood. Mitochondria-rich (MR) cells have been proposed as the route for chloride across the skin. To test this hypothesis we studied the MR cells of the skin of the frog, Rana pipiens, by quantitative light microscopic determination of cell volume. MR cell volume was influenced by changes in the chloride concentration or osmolality of the outside bathing solution. MR cells shrank about 23% when all chloride was removed from the outside (mucosal) bathing solution. MR cells were also shown to be responsive to changes in the osmolality of either the mucosal or serosal bath. Osmotically-induced swelling caused by dilution of the serosal bath resulted in volume regulatory decrease. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that MR cells constitute the pathway for chloride movement across frog skin. PMID- 3489101 TI - Cell sodium activity and sodium pump function in frog skin. AB - Cell Na activity, acNa, was measured in the short-circuited frog skin by simultaneous cell punctures from the apical surface with open-tip and Na selective microelectrodes. Skins were bathed on the serosal surface with NaCl Ringer and, to reduce paracellular conductance, with NaNO3, Ringer on the apical surface. Under control conditions acNa averaged 8 +/- 2 mM (n = 9, SD). Apical addition of amiloride (20 microM) or Na replacement reduced acNa to 3 mM in 6-15 min. Sequential decreases in apical [Na] induced parallel reductions in acNa and cell current, Ic. On restoring Na after several minutes of exposure to apical Na free solution Ic rose rapidly (approximately less than 30 sec) to a stable value while acNa increased exponentially, with a time constant of 1.8 +/- 0.7 min (n = 8). Analysis of the time course of acNa indicates that the pump Na flux is linearly related to acNa in the range 2-12 mM. These results indicate that acNa plays an important role in relating apical Na entry to basolateral active Na flux. PMID- 3489102 TI - N6-methyldeoxyadenosine residues at specific sites decrease the activity of the E1A promoter of adenovirus type 12 DNA. AB - The activity of eukaryotic promoters is highly sensitive to site-specific modifications by DNA methylations. We have used the E1A promoter of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) DNA to investigate the effects of methylations at different promoter sites on its activity. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene has served as an activity indicator. Activity of the E1A promoter is lost or markedly decreased by deoxycytidine methylation of two HpaII (5'-C-C-G-G-3') or seven HhaI (5'-G-C-G-C-3') sites upstream from the 3' located T-A-T-A signal. There are two T-A-T-A signals in the E1A promoter of adenovirus type 12 DNA, one T-A-T-T-A-T sequence starting at nucleotide 276 (5' located), a second T-A-T-T-T-A-A sequence starting at nucleotide 414 (3' located). Deoxycytidine methylations at two AluI (5'-A-G-C-T-3') sites downstream from the 5' located T-A-T-A signal have no effect on promoter activity. When one EcoRI (5'-G-A-A-T-T-C-3') or one TaqI (5'-T C-G-A-3') sequence at 281 base-pairs upstream or 61 base-pairs downstream from the 5' located E1A T-A-T-A signal, respectively, is deoxyadenosine methylated, the promoter becomes inactive. Deoxyadenosine methylation at one MboI (5'-G-A-T-C 3') site, which is located 127 nucleotides downstream from the 5' located T-A-T-A signal, fails to decrease E1A promoter activity. There is no conspicuous anatomical relation of any of these sites to the two presumptive enhancer sequences in the E1A promoter. We conclude that 5-deoxymethylcytidine or N6 methyldeoxyadenosine residues have to be introduced at highly specific promoter sites to inactivate the promoter. These sites are probably different for different promoters. PMID- 3489103 TI - Studies by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry of the solution conformation of the alpha-amylase inhibitor tendamistat. AB - This is a preliminary report on the determination of the solution conformation of the alpha-amylase inhibitor Tendamistat by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry calculations. A characterization is given of the complete polypeptide backbone fold and the side-chains of the presumed active site in this protein. These results are based on complete sequence-specific resonance assignments, a list of 401 distance constraints from nuclear Overhauser effects, 168 distance constraints from hydrogen bonds and disulphide bridges, and 50 torsion angle constraints from measurements of spin-spin coupling constants. PMID- 3489104 TI - Crystal structure determination, refinement and the molecular model of the alpha amylase inhibitor Hoe-467A. AB - The crystal and molecular structure of the alpha-amylase inhibitor Hoe-467A has been determined and refined at high resolution. The polypeptide chain is folded in two triple-stranded sheets, which form a barrel. The topology of folding is as found in the immunoglobulin domains. The amino acid triplet Trp18-Arg19-Tyr20 has an exceptional conformation and position in the molecule and is possibly involved in inhibitory activity. PMID- 3489105 TI - Traumatic coronary artery fistula. AB - Coronary artery fistulas can occur in patients who survive cardiac trauma. We report one such case with development of a right coronary artery-right atrial fistula 2 years after injury. The literature shows that surgical correction should be performed before the development of incapacitating symptoms (angina, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure). Proximal and distal ligation of the affected coronary artery with distal bypass grafting is the recommended surgical procedure. Other procedures have led to recurrence of the fistula. PMID- 3489106 TI - Vertigo and imbalance in the elderly. AB - The diagnosis of vestibular disorders causing dizziness and imbalance in the elderly can present a difficult problem. Knowledgeable diagnosis depends on an understanding of the role of the vestibular end-organs as motion sensors and sensors of gravity as well as an understanding of how the vestibular system influences body balance and how visual mechanisms interact with the vestibular system. Based on a knowledge of these physiological principles, a number of interesting aspects of age-related vestibular disorders are discussed in more detail. PMID- 3489108 TI - Complications in adult cases with congestive heart failure. PMID- 3489107 TI - Antitumor strategies based on enhancing--and blocking--effects of interleukin-2. PMID- 3489109 TI - Organ failures due to low cardiac output syndrome following open heart surgery. AB - During the period from August, 1977 to December, 1984, a total of 3003 patients who received open heart surgery were treated postoperatively at the ICU of National Cardiovascular Center. Low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) developed in 669 (22.3%) patients. Organ failures due to LOS were studied in these patients. Although the overall mortality of postoperative patients was 5.6% and improved to around 4% in the later years, death rate of patients with LOS was persistently high (22.8%) and showed no tendency to improve even in the latest years. Moreover, the clinical results of those LOS patients who developed organ failure were extremely poor; the mortality of patients with respiratory failure (RF) accounted for 36.8% and that of patients with other organ failure exceeded 50%. The incidence of impaired organs in LOS patients was 49.9% in RF, 29.9% in acute renal failure (ARF), 18.4% in hepatic failure (HF), 16.4% in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 15.5% in central nervous system failure (CNSF), and 11.1% in gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Pathophysiological mechanisms as well as the management of these major complications caused by LOS are also discussed. Some patients developed multiple organ failure (MOF). Plasma exchange (PE) was performed on 16 patients who developed MOF. Improvement of various organ functions was obtained and consequently three patients were successfully treated by means of PE. Removal of various substances toxic to organs, supplement of deficient substances and cessation of the vicious cycle produced by the interaction of impaired organs in patients with MOF are major roles of PE in the treatment of MOF. PMID- 3489110 TI - [The immunological role of carotenoids in the prevention of cancer]. AB - Epidemiological studies have suggested that the intake of green-yellow vegetables decrease the risk of cancer. Vitamin A, which is abundantly present in green yellow vegetables in the form of provitamin A, was demonstrated to inhibit chemical and viral-carcinogenesis in experimental animals. However, little is known about the mechanism of anti-carcinogenic effect of vitamin A. Our data seem to support a hypothesis that vitamin A may contribute to the prevention of cancer by augmenting an immunosurveillance system. We found that vitamin A and provitamin A, beta-carotene, enhanced tumor immunity using a syngeneic murine tumor system. PMID- 3489111 TI - [An autopsy case of colonic carcinoid with marked leukocytosis]. AB - A 45-year-old man with right hypochondralgia and marked leukocytosis was found to have Borrmann type II carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and its metastasis to the liver. The peripheral leukocyte count gradually increased up to 150 X 10(3)/mm3 according to the tumor enlargement. The patient died of hepatic insufficiency, and autopsy revealed carcinoid of the colon and its metastasis to the liver. Leukemoid reaction has been reported in various kinds of malignancies. However, the present case seems to be of particular interest because of the rare association with carcinoid and marked leukocytosis of more than 100 X 10(3)/mm3 without any evidence of infection. PMID- 3489112 TI - [Cardiac angiosarcoma with gastrointestinal bleeding, hypoxemia, thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]. AB - This report describes cardiac angiosarcoma in a 62-year-old man. The patient presented with metastatic pulmonary and extradural spinal cord tumors of unknown origin. During the course, he developed hypoxemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Anticancer therapy could not be initiated because of his poor general condition, and he died. Autopsy revealed angiosarcoma in the right atrium. Metastases were found in the lungs, liver, adrenals, gingiva and vertebrae. The various hematologic abnormalities were probably the result of aberrant hemodynamics caused by the presence of a large amount of neoplastic vascular tissue. PMID- 3489113 TI - [Combined abnormalities of plasminogen abnormality, von Willebrand disease, hypofibrinogenemia and increased erythrocyte membrane fragility. A new hereditary syndrome?]. PMID- 3489114 TI - [A case of OKT8-T cell lymphoma with M proteinemia--a study of a soluble factor]. PMID- 3489115 TI - [The significance of quantitation of anti-SS-A, SS-B antibodies in pregnant women and neonates]. PMID- 3489116 TI - [Heterogeneity of complement split fragments; C3d]. PMID- 3489117 TI - Kartagener's syndrome associated with infundibular pulmonic stenosis, chronic renal failure and azoospermia: a report of a case. AB - We describe here a case of a man with Kartagener's syndrome, whose parents were cousins each other, associated with infundibular pulmonic stenosis, chronic renal failure and azoospermia. These combined abnormalities have not been previously reported in one patient with Kartagener's syndrome, as far as English literatures are concerned. PMID- 3489119 TI - [Application of fibrin glue to operations in bullous disease]. PMID- 3489118 TI - [Surgical treatment of coronary artery disease associated with aortitis syndrome]. PMID- 3489120 TI - [Early results of internal mammary artery graft in coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3489121 TI - Protection of adult BALB/c mice against MOPC 315 myeloma by neonatal administration of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody to MOPC 315 IgA. AB - Ascitic fluid containing monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (AIA) to MOPC 315 IgA was administered to newborn BALB/c mice, and the mice were challenged in adulthood with IgA-producing MOPC 315 myeloma cells. Administration of AIA D10 (a hybrid molecule containing IgG1 and IgG2a heavy chains), G3 (IgG2b), and A2 (IgG1), all of which reacted with MOPC 315 cells in a cell-binding radioimmunoassay, prolonged survival and reduced the percentage of IgA-producing spleen fragments derived from mice challenged with MOPC 315 myeloma cells, but not with cells of a related IgA-producing myeloma, MOPC 460. Reduction in the percentage of IgA-producing spleen fragments was prevented by treatment of spleen cells prior to culture with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement. Administration of AIA F1 (IgG2a), which did not react with MOPC 315 cells in vitro, or of an antibody with no AIA activity did not produce a similar protection. These results suggest that administration of AIA to MOPC 315 IgA to neonatal BALB/c mice induces idiotype-specific T-lymphocytes that protect these mice against a challenge with MOPC 315 myeloma cells in adulthood. PMID- 3489123 TI - Compartmental distribution of complement activation products in artificial kidneys. AB - The compartmental distribution of the human anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a has been defined during simulated hemodialysis performed with various types of hemodialyzers. New cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzers were found to activate human complement very readily in vitro, while re-used cuprophan dialyzers displayed only modest complement activating potential. The C3a and C5a antigens, formed as a result of complement activation in these dialyzers, accumulated predominantly in the blood path and were not adsorbed extensively on the membrane surface or transported into the dialysate compartment. Cellulose acetate membranes also produced complement activation in vitro, but to a lesser degree than new cuprophan hollow fibers. However, these membranes exhibited a significant capacity to bind the anaphylatoxins to their surface. Polyacrylonitrile membranes appeared to be unique in that they not only failed to activate complement significantly, but they rapidly adsorbed large quantities of C3a and C5a. These findings demonstrate that hemodialysis membranes may differ with regard to their complement activating potential as well as their ability to remove circulating anaphylatoxins from the blood path. Clinical measurements of anaphylatoxin production during hemodialysis reflect these dynamic events. PMID- 3489122 TI - Impaired cellular immune responses in chronic renal failure: evidence for a T cell defect. AB - Cellular immune responses in vitro were studied in 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis and 16 healthy volunteers with normal kidney function. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis had lymphopenia with diminished numbers of both T4+ and T8+ T-lymphocytes. The T4/T8 ratios were within the normal range. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) showed a diminished proliferative response upon stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. When cell surface antigens were used for stimulation (mixed lymphocyte culture) uremic lymphocytes also showed a lower proliferation rate. Although without statistical conformation, there was a tendency by uremic PBL to produce less IL-2 as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, in a PWM driven system, peripheral blood lymphocytes from uremics produced significantly less IgG than PBL from normals. These results support the notion that a profound defect in lymphocyte function accounts at least, in part, for the observed immunodeficiency of uremic patients. PMID- 3489124 TI - [Indications for pre- and postoperative electromyostimulation in the treatment of meniscal injuries]. PMID- 3489126 TI - [Emergency pancreatoduodenal resection in duodenal carcinoid with hemorrhage syndrome]. PMID- 3489125 TI - [Polymer filling of dilated veins of the cardia and esophagus in portal hypertension patients]. PMID- 3489127 TI - [Quantitative and functional characteristics of the T- and B-lymphocytes in acute cholecystitis and their features in elderly patients]. PMID- 3489128 TI - Acute and chronic polyarthritis induced by an aqueous form of 6-O-acyl and N-acyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine in euthymic rats and athymic nude rats. AB - The analogs of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), 6-O-stearoyl-MDP (L18-MDP), and N-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys-L18) and N-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-MDP (B30-MDP) induced acute polyarthritis in both euthymic rats and in athymic nude rats after a single or multiple systemic administrations of their aqueous forms; water-in-oil emulsions did not induce acute polyarthritis. MDP and the adjuvant-active analogs MDP-O-nBu (MDP butyl ester), N-(3-hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl)-MDP (BH48-MDP) and the adjuvant-inactive analogs [L18-MDP (L)] or MDP-Lys-L18 (L), which is 6-O-stearoyl N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L-isoglutamine, or N-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L isoglutaminyl)-N-stearoyl-L-lysine, did not induce disease, at the dosages used. Histological examination of the acute exudative inflammatory reactions around joints revealed hypertrophy of both synovial villi and tendon sheath, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and fibrin deposition of the affected joint spaces. Most of these lesions rapidly subsided after cessation of the adjuvant injections. During multiple systemic injections of acyl-MDPs, this acute arthritis became chronic in euthymic rats but not in athymic nude rats; the chronic polyarthritis consisted of mononuclear cell infiltration and proliferation of the connective tissue growth and severe new bone formation of the shaft of the bone. It remains uncertain whether chronic polyarthritis results from the repeated flare of acute inflammatory reactions to the continuing stimulation of the adjuvants or whether it may require some immunologic process to such exogenous substances as bacterial fragments or autoantigens modified by exogenous substances such as type II collagen. PMID- 3489129 TI - Painless lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3489130 TI - Trends in collegiate drinking in California, 1979-1984. AB - Trends in collegiate drinking are examined from data collected on two campuses of the University of California in 1979, 1981 and 1984. A set of standard consumption indicators (including quantity and frequency, drinking problems and experiences and use in the last 7 days) and a set of indicators regarding beliefs relating to alcohol use are used to explore: patterns of student drinking over a 6-year period, the degree to which these patterns have changed over this period and whether the reasons for drinking and beliefs about drinking have shifted over time among these college students. The results suggest that the intensity of alcohol use--how often students drink, how much they drink and problems associated with their use of alcohol--has decreased. The results also indicate that commonly held beliefs regarding a contemporary rise in levels of both student drinking and alcohol-related problems among collegians are unwarranted. PMID- 3489131 TI - Changes in alcohol consumption by 18-year-olds following an increase in New York State's purchase age to 19. AB - A household-based telephone survey of 1800 16- to 20-year-old New Yorkers was conducted during November 1982, approximately one month before New York's minimum legal purchase age for alcoholic beverages was raised from 18 to 19. A second sample was surveyed during December 1983, approximately one year following the change. Comparisons between 1982 and 1983 of prevalence measures for various drinking levels for each age group were made. The prevalence of all drinking levels decreased significantly for 18-year-olds as well as 17-year-olds. Decreases for 19- and 20-year-olds were significant for less than half the measures and were less in magnitude than decreases for 18-year-olds. Prior to the purchase age change, prevalence measures for 18-year-olds were similar to those for 19- and 20-year-olds. Following the increase, measures for 18-year-olds were significantly lower than those for 19- and 20-year-olds. Analysis by sex showed that prevalence measures for 18-year-old men and women generally declined significantly. The public health implications of these findings as well as the highway safety aspects are discussed. PMID- 3489132 TI - Drinking frequency changes in selected contexts by season in Iowa, 1979-1980. AB - A panel of individuals was interviewed at three points in time so that both individual and aggregate drinking behavior changes could be investigated during a period of increasing beverage alcohol sales (winter to summer) and a subsequent period of decreasing sales (summer to winter). The seasonal drinking frequency changes in different places, with different companions and in different situations, were generally consistent with the proposition that existing drinking behaviors are quite stable over time (the stability proposition), and also with the proposition that alcohol consumption increases occur without any substitution of new drinking behaviors for existing drinking behaviors (the addition proposition). There was, however, evidence that drinking contexts changed with age and that new drinking behaviors were substituted for old drinking behaviors in some of the subpopulations studied. This suggests that it may be feasible to find ways to encourage the substitution of one kind of drinking behavior for another. Finally, although the results generally support the stability and addition propositions, it is not clear that these characteristics are either necessary or sufficient for increased per capita consumption to produce an increased rate of alcohol-related problems. PMID- 3489134 TI - Identifying and measuring alcohol abuse among the elderly: serious problems with existing instrumentation. AB - Existing instruments for identifying and measuring alcohol abuse are inappropriate for use with elderly populations because of differences between the younger populations on which these measures were standardized and the elderly. Five domains used in measuring alcohol abuse--level of consumption, alcohol related social and legal problems, alcohol-related health problems, symptoms of drunkenness or dependence and self-recognition of the problem--and the extent to which these domains (as currently measured) apply to elderly populations are discussed. Some recommendations for developing instruments suitable for the elderly are made. PMID- 3489133 TI - Trends in alcoholism and narcotics abuse from medical examiner data. AB - To determine trends in alcoholism and narcotics abuse, New Jersey State Medical Examiner cases from Essex County of those age 12 or older during three consecutive 12-month periods from October 1981 to September 1984 (years 1, 2 and 3) were analyzed. Cases were classified as alcoholics or narcotics abusers according to the following criteria: any case record report of drinking problems or narcotics abuse, alcoholism or narcotics abuse indicated in the manner or cause of death or autopsy findings of liver change or pancreatitis due to alcoholism, or toxicology findings of narcotics (unless medically prescribed). The age-eligible cases decreased from 710 in year 1 to 691 in year 2 and 643 in year 3. Decedents classified as alcoholics rose from 18% in year 1 to 25% in years 2 and 3. The proportions classified as narcotic abusers and those with both conditions were relatively constant, averaging 7 and 5%, respectively, over the 3 years. Substance abuse itself was the manner of death for alcoholics and most of those with both conditions; 38% of the narcotics abusers were homicide victims. There were no appreciable demographic changes among substance abusers during this period. PMID- 3489135 TI - [Pharmacologic profile of an original psychotropic drug. Minaprine: comparison with six reference antidepressives]. AB - Minaprine (MIN) is a 3-amino-pyridazine derivative which exhibits a profile of psychotropic activities which resembles that of antidepressant drugs as well as that of several dopaminomimetic drugs. This spectrum of activity differs from those observed in the same conditions for tricyclic (imipramine, clomipramine) and atypical (indalpine, nomifensine, amineptine, mianserin) antidepressant drugs. It must be noted that MIN is devoid of anticholinergic and motor stimulant effects. In addition, MIN induces behavioural effects predictive of a dopaminergic stimulation; the profile of this activity differs from that of apomorphine, as well as from those of amphetamine and nomifensine, but somewhat resembles that of bromocryptine. MIN does not induce neuroleptic, anxiolytic or anticonvulsant activities in rodents. These data suggest that MIN is an atypical antidepressant drug which activates both serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmissions, by as yet not clearly identified mechanisms. PMID- 3489136 TI - Graft disease in patients with coronary bypass grafting. Why does it start? Where do we stop? PMID- 3489138 TI - Complications associated with the use of heterologous bovine pericardium for pericardial closure. AB - Two complications necessitating removal of bovine pericardium used as a pericardial patch graft in 60 patients are reported. These complications, plus a few others reported in the literature, suggest that caution in the clinical use of bovine pericardium remains appropriate. PMID- 3489137 TI - The relationship between coronary pressure during reperfusion and myocardial recovery after hypothermic cardioplegia. AB - The aim of this study was to document the relationship between coronary pressure during reperfusion and myocardial recovery after hypothermic cardioplegia. Isolated canine hearts perfused by a support dog were subjected to 2 hours of cardioplegia at 20 degrees C. Three hearts were reperfused at each of the following pressures: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 150 mm Hg. The reperfusion period lasted 30 minutes, with the pressure being raised gradually from zero to the test level over the first 2 minutes, then being held constant until the end of the period. The results showed that the normal dog heart after 2 hours of hypothermic cardioplegia is tolerant to a wide range of coronary pressures during reperfusion. Hearts reperfused at pressures between 40 and 100 mm Hg had similar values for coronary blood flow, coronary sinus oxygen saturation, myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate flux, contractility, and myocardial adenosine triphosphate content. If coronary reperfusion pressure was 20 mm Hg, [corrected] myocardial rewarming was delayed, myocardial oxygen consumption was decreased, and myocardial ischemia was manifested by marked lactate efflux, high myocardial lactate concentration, and depletion of adenosine triphosphate. If pressure was 150 mm Hg, coronary flow was excessive. To place these results in the context of coronary artery disease, we measured reperfusion pressure in coronary arteries distal to a stenosis in 10 patients studied at the time of coronary bypass grafting. In 13 arteries with major stenoses, distal mean coronary pressure averaged 31 mm Hg while the simultaneously measured mean aortic or radial artery pressure averaged 66 mm Hg. Thus the average gradient across the stenoses was 35 mm Hg (range 15 to 60 mm Hg). We concluded that in normal hearts without ischemic damage, reperfusion can be conducted satisfactorily at mean coronary pressures from 40 to 100 mm Hg. In setting the tolerable limits for reperfusion pressure in patients with severe coronary artery disease, one should make allowance for pressure gradients of up to 60 mm Hg between the aorta and the distal coronary artery. PMID- 3489139 TI - Immunophenotyping of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia: correlation with normal T cell maturation. AB - Twenty-nine cases of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia were classified with conventional morphologic methods and the aid of monoclonal antibodies. All cases were investigated with a sensitive immunohistochemical method, using a panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies. In addition, normal thymus glands in the 22nd and 36th weeks of gestation were studied. Eight different groups of T-lymphoblastic lymphomas/leukemias could be distinguished, each of which showed a characteristic marker constellation. The results indicate that a complete detection of all thymic and prethymic lymphomas and leukemias is possible. By comparison with the phenotypic pattern of normal peripheral T-lymphocytes and their thymic precursors, the groups could be arranged in a sequence that resembles normal T cell maturation, monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3489141 TI - Artificial lung: current problems. PMID- 3489140 TI - Clinical consequences of 2'-deoxycoformycin treatment in patients with refractory adult T-cell leukaemia. AB - Five patients from the Kyushu area in Japan with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) refractory to conventional chemotherapeutic agents were treated with 5 mg/m2 of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), intravenously (i.v.) for 3 consecutive days, followed by 5 mg/m2 i.v. weekly. Two patients showed a good response, and three were resistant to DCF. One patient with ATL receiving DCF had a continuous remission without further therapy. Another patient in the terminal stage received three daily injections of 7.5 mg of DCF. The most prominent change was the drop in the leucocyte count. The cell count fell from 116.4 X 10(9)/l to 2.0 X 10(9)/l on day 7. The only adverse effects of DCF therapy were gastrointestinal toxicity, nausea and vomiting. These results suggest that DCF may be a valuable drug for treating refractory ATL. PMID- 3489142 TI - Modifications of the hemorrheological parameters with reference to the use of autologous or homologous blood in 25 cases of aorto-coronary by-pass. PMID- 3489144 TI - Development of T-cell immunity in the fetus and infant. PMID- 3489143 TI - Comparative studies on B cell reactivities in two X-linked immunodeficient mice to the B cell-stimulating factors. AB - Responsiveness of B cells from X-linked immunodeficient CBA/N and DBA/2Ha mice to the B cell growth factor-1 (BCGF-I or BSF-1) and B cell differentiation factors (B151-TRF1 and B151-TRF2) was comparatively studied. B cells from CBA/N mice did not respond to BSF-1 in the presence of soluble anti-mu antibody. However, the BSF-1-response of CBA/N B cells was detected when activated by the anti-mu antibody-coupled Sepharose-beads. In the B151-TRF1 assay, antigen-unprimed B cells from CBA/N mice failed to respond to B151-TRF1, whereas antigen-primed B cells became responsive to B151-TRF1. In the B151-TRF2 assay, CBA/N B cells were non-responder to B151-TRF2. In these assays, however, unprimed CBA/N B cells were able to absorb both B151-TRF1- and B151-TRF2-activities to the same extent as the non-defective strain B cells. These results indicate that B cell defect in CBA/N mice may be reflected by some abnormality in signal transmission at encounter to the B cell-stimulating factors but not by inability to bind these factors. These low responder properties of CBA/N B cells were all inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. In contrast, B cells from DBA/2Ha mice well responded to BSF-1 and B151-TRF2, whereas both antigen-unprimed and -primed DBA/2Ha B cells failed to respond to B151-TRF1. This selective B151-TRF1-unresponsiveness of DBA/2Ha B cells was also controlled by an X-linked recessive inheritance. Moreover, in contrast to CBA/N mice, selective unresponsiveness of B cells to B151-TRF1 in DBA/2Ha mice was reflected by the absence of B151-TRF1-receptor expression, as demonstrated by absorption experiment. The B cell populations found in these two distinct X-linked immunodeficient mice may provide an useful experimental model for analyzing B cell activation process mediated by various B cell stimulation factors. PMID- 3489145 TI - Effects of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin MPTP and its metabolite MPP+ on sympathetic adrenergic nerves in mouse iris and atrium. AB - The effect of systemic administration of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and its metabolite MPP+ (1 methyl-4-phenylpyridine) on sympathetic adrenergic nerves in mouse iris and atrium has been investigated employing histo- and neurochemical techniques. The results indicate that MPTP does not have any potent neurotoxic effects on sympathetic adrenergic nerves. The effects of MPTP noted appear mainly to be restricted to a noradrenaline (NA) -depleting action and an acutely transient impairment of the NA uptake mechanism. This latter effect could be counteracted by monoamine oxidase inhibition. MPP+ was found to have more potent neurotoxic actions than MPTP as reflected i.e. by a patchy loss of histochemically demonstrable adrenergic nerves in iris which persisted for at least 7 days. Pretreatment with the NA uptake blocker desipramine antagonised the effects of MPP+, indicating that neurotoxicity is mediated via the NA uptake mechanism. The difference in neurotoxic potency of MPTP between sympathetic adrenergic nerves and central catecholamine neurons might be related to differences in metabolism of MPTP in the CNS and the periphery and/or due to the sympathetic adrenergic nerves being more resistant towards the cytotoxic actions following MPTP administration. PMID- 3489146 TI - MPTP: a pharmacological tool to study parkinsonism. AB - MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is reported to selectively degenerate dopaminergic cells of the zona compacta of the substantia nigra and produce Parkinson's-like symptoms in man and animals. Although the exact mechanism of its neurotoxicity is not well defined, a major metabolite MPP+ may be responsible for the ultimate neuron toxicity. Several classes of drugs useful in Parkinson's disease are effective in reversing MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Future pharmacological studies on the compound may unlock some of the mysteries of the age old disease, parkinsonism. PMID- 3489147 TI - [Cryopreservation of parathyroid tissue: evaluation of a simplified method]. AB - A simplified, less expensive cryopreservation technique for parathyroid tissue was examined in animal study and on human tissue in vitro. More than 3/4 of all replantations in the rat were successful after cryopreservation. After replantation of one single gland only 1/3 of all animals attained normal parathyroid function. This fact shows the importance of the quantity of transplanted viable tissue. Viability of human parathyroid tissue after cryopreservation was 80-90%. The PTH-production of human parathyroid tissue in vitro after cryopreservation and the suppressibility in different calcium concentrations were similar to normal fresh tissue. All our results prove a good functioning of this simplified cryopreservation method. PMID- 3489148 TI - Anatomic basis for labyrinthine preservation during posterior fossa acoustic tumor surgery. AB - Earlier diagnosis of acoustic tumors promises to increase our opportunity to identify patients with serviceable hearing. Critical to a posterior fossa transmeatal approach for acoustic tumor resection is preservation of the underlying labyrinth. Although the labyrinth has been recognized as a limiting factor in exposure of tumor in the internal auditory canal, few reports have detailed the microscopic surgical anatomy posterior to the internal auditory canal. An anatomic study was undertaken to determine consistent relationships between critical structures within the temporal bone relevant to hearing preservation surgery. The results of this study indicate that, whereas topographic landmarks are helpful for orientation, the more consistent relationship of the labyrinth to the vestibular aqueduct and singular canal allows a more accurate localization of the underlying labyrinth. Although the vestibule frequently prevents direct visualization of the transverse crest, a dissection based upon the microsurgical anatomy will maximize visualization of the lateral fundus while preserving the integrity of the labyrinth. PMID- 3489149 TI - Silent otitis media: clinical applications. AB - Silent (masked) otitis media refers to usually chronic pathological conditions behind an intact tympanic membrane which may be clinically "undetected" or "undetectable." Correlations are described for pathological changes in temporal bones and clinical considerations for silent otitis media associated with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in infants, silent otitis media--the continuum, silent otitis media--sequelae, and chronic silent otitis media. PMID- 3489150 TI - Stock differences in the susceptibility of rats to learned helplessness training. AB - Learned helplessness (LH) consists of shock escape deficits evidenced by animals previously exposed to inescapable shock. This phenomenon has shown promise as a behavioral screen for new antidepressant drugs. Unfortunately, some stocks of rats evidence low susceptibility to LH training. Accordingly, male rats from 8 different stocks were tested for susceptibility to LH training. The outbred stocks consisted of Harlan SD, Sasco Holtzman, and Charles River Holtzman. The inbred stocks (i.e. strains) tested were Lewis, Wistar Kyoto, Brown Norway, Fischer F-344, and Buffalo. The Lewis, Brown Norway, Fischer and Sasco Holtzman rats were found to be virtually non-susceptible to LH training. Harlan SD and Buffalo rats evidenced intermediate susceptibilities of 28% and 33%, respectively. Kyoto and Charles River Holtzman rats were the most susceptible at 53% and 55%, respectively. No stock differences between control animals were observed. These results indicate that wide differences in susceptibility to LH training exist in rats from different stocks or suppliers and researchers should be careful to choose subjects from a susceptible stock. Charles River Holtzman and Wistar Kyoto rats appear to be very susceptible to LH training. PMID- 3489151 TI - TMB-8 can block twitches without blocking high K+ or caffeine induced contractures in frog's skeletal muscle. AB - TMB-8 [8-(diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate] is known to inhibit calcium ion dependent processes in several tissues by stabilizing some intracellular stores of membrane-bound calcium. TMB-8 was used to study the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling process in frog's skeletal muscle. TMB-8 (5 X 10(-5) - 10(-4) M) blocked electrically evoked twitches but not high K+ (123 mM)- or caffeine (2.36 mM)-induced contractures in isolated, curarized toe muscles. TMB-8 (10(-4) M) produced a small decrease (16%) in the action potential of frog's sartorius muscle fibres. However, reducing extracellular Na+ to 44.7 mM produced a similar reduction (17%) in action potential amplitude but did not suppress the twitch; i.e. it produced only a small increase (about 10%) in twitch amplitude. It is known that potassium contractures are produced by extracellular Ca++ ions which enter through calcium channels in the t-tubules and that caffeine produces contractures by sensitizing the sarcoplasmic reticulum to Ca++-induced Ca++ release. The present results suggest that TMB-8 blocks twitches by preventing the release of Ca++ ions bound to the intracellular surface of the t tubular membrane which is often called the store of 'trigger-calcium' ions. PMID- 3489153 TI - Pathologic features of the liver in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - The livers of 26 adult males with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed. The occurrence of portal tracts with diminished lymphocytes, probably reflecting generalized exhaustion of the lymphoid system, was a characteristic morphologic change, and was found in all cases. Kupffer cell hyperplasia was also a frequent finding and probably reflected generalized infection(s). Punched-out clusters of foamy histiocytes filled with acid-fast bacilli, typical for infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC), were found in three patients. In addition, MAC was cultured from two livers without the foamy histiocytic changes. Chronic viral hepatitis (three cases) and deposition of polarizable materials (one case) in the liver might be related to unusual habits of patients with AIDS. In conclusion, livers from patients with AIDS disclosed several kinds of lesions reflecting underlying or associated conditions in AIDS, but these did not contribute to the cause of death in our patients. PMID- 3489154 TI - [Experimental multi-detector computer gamma-tomograph for examining the brain]. AB - The first Soviet experimental multidetector computer-based gamma tomograph to study brain structures with low-energy gamma-radionuclides is presented. Special attention is paid to the engineering approach, the design and operating principles. It is developed to verify new engineering concepts, to optimize design elements, to test the reconstruction algorithm for tomographic images. Main engineering and design parameters are given. PMID- 3489152 TI - Preparation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies directed against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. AB - The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is highly immunogenic and induces an antibody response which is protective in vivo against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Human monoclonal antibodies specific for HBsAg were produced, which could have potential therapeutic applications. Lymphocytes obtained from a vaccinated donor were stimulated in vitro and fused with the human myeloma cell line GM 4672, and eight hybridomas were obtained. Three of these clones, which reacted in an ELISA against the HBsAg vaccine, were expanded, subcloned and further analyzed. The subclones E7C2, C4C10, and D5B2 were able to bind to different HBsAg preparations, which express various subtypes, and recognized the major HBsAg peptides in Western blot analysis. Cross-inhibition experiments showed that E7C2, C4C10 and D5B2 are directed against the same epitope and have an affinity constant ranging from 5 X 10(7) to 3.3 X 10(9) M. Furthermore, these antibodies stained the surface and cytoplasm of the HBsAg-secreting cell lines PLC/PRF/5 and 4.10. The production of immunoglobulins varies from 0.3 to 1.3 micrograms/ml/10(6) and has remained stable over a period of 8 months. These human monoclonal antibodies, which appear to be directed against an antigenic determinant common to all HBsAg subtypes, could be useful in the study of HBV related liver diseases as well as in their diagnosis and experimental therapy. PMID- 3489155 TI - Renal disease from habitual antipyretic analgesic consumption: an assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. AB - The quantitative evidence relating habitual antipyretic analgesic consumption to the development of renal disease is reviewed. For purposes of analysis, "abuse" of analgesics is defined as regular, usually daily consumption. The prevalence of habitual consumption demonstrates marked geographic variation for poorly defined reasons. Prevalence tended to be highest in those populations in which phenacetin was available and popular. The prevalence of nephropathy among habitual consumers also shows marked interpopulation variability. A highly significant linear relationship exists between the prevalence of habitual analgesic consumption in a given population and the prevalence of nephropathy in the subset of that population that habitually consumes analgesics. This relationship may represent a dose-response curve relating amount of analgesic intake to prevalence of nephropathy. Four cross-sectional studies, 1 longitudinal, and 1 case-control study have shown significant differences in prevalence of nephropathy between habitual users of phenacetin-containing analgesics and control populations. Conversely, 2 cross-sectional studies and 1 case control study showed no difference between habitual users of analgesics and control populations. However, those studies showing no difference were performed in populations with low prevalence of habitual consumption of compound analgesics and a lower prevalence of nephropathy than was found in those populations where differences were observed. The relative risk for developing various manifestations of analgesic nephropathy has been estimated in 4 studies and varies depending on which abnormality is considered. Data are available only for subjects consuming phenacetin-containing compound analgesics. The relative risk for elevated serum creatinine is in the range of 8 to 11, about twice that for an abnormal renal concentrating test (approximately 4). The relative risk for clinical papillary necrosis is approximately 18, and for cause-specific death (and by inference for end-stage renal disease) about 4. The difference in risk between most clinical manifestations of analgesic nephropathy and death (or end-stage renal disease) may be due to the fact that most patients with nephropathy do not progress to terminal renal failure. Rheumatology clinic studies indicate that the prevalence of nephropathy in habitual consumers of phenacetin-containing compounds is higher than that for habitual consumers of aspirin alone. Removal of phenacetin from compound analgesics in Scandinavian countries appears to have reduced the prevalence of papillary necrosis and death from interstitial nephritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489156 TI - In vivo antiviral effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - Cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus are able to eliminate infectious virus from the spleens of LCM virus infected syngeneic recipient mice upon adoptive transfer. From 4 clones tested, 2 exhibited antiviral activity in vivo. Intravenously transferred cloned cells migrated poorly to the spleen of recipient mice, in that only 2% of the injected cells were localized in this organ. Based on this rate of homing, it could be shown that the in vivo antiviral effect exerted by cloned CTL was about 10 times higher than the in vivo antiviral activity exhibited by primary in vivo generated LCM virus-immune spleen T cells. PMID- 3489157 TI - Study of the biological activities of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. I. Proliferative response and interleukin 2 production by T cells stimulated with the toxin. AB - The mitogenic and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production-inducing effects of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) on murine lymphocytes were investigated. TSST-1, an exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus recovered from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS), is thought to be a causative agent of the syndrome. TSST-1 was mitogenic for splenic T cells and peanut agglutinin (PNA)-negative thymocytes, but not for T cell-depleted spleen cells, PNA-positive thymocytes or IL 2-dependent CTLL 2-cells. A factor mitogenic for CTCC-2 cells with a molecular weight of 30-35 kdaltons was obtained by stimulating spleen cells with TSST-1 and it was absorbed by CTLL-2 cells, indicating that the factor is IL 2. For substantial amounts of IL 2 to be produced, 10 ng or more of TSST-1 per ml and 48 hr or more of incubation were required. Removal of T cells abrogated the IL 2 production by spleen cells. T cells obtained by the nylon wool column method alone produced IL 2 on TSST-1 stimulation in the presence of either macrophages or a macrophage lysate containing interleukin 1. However, T cells obtained by a combination of the nylon wool column method and anti-Ia antibody treatment produced IL 2 in the presence of macrophages but not of the macrophage lysate, indicating that IL 2 production by TSST-1-stimulated T cells is absolutely dependent on the presence of accessory cells. PMID- 3489158 TI - Hypertension and the risk of ischaemic heart disease. AB - The magnitude of the effect of hypertension as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was estimated in 250 patients who presented with a first AMI who were aged 35-64 years (199 survivals and 51 deaths within 24 h), whose names were obtained from a community-based register of myocardial infarctions in the Hunter Region of New South Wales. The cases were matched by sex, age and residential area, and control subjects were obtained from a random population sample from the same region. A history of hypertension (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence limits, 3.4 and 8.9) and treatment for hypertension (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence limits, 2.5 and 7.2) were each significantly (P less than 0.0001) associated with an increased risk of AMI--persons with treated or untreated hypertension were four to five times more likely to develop AMI than were persons without hypertension. Adjustment for smoking did not affect the association between hypertension and the incidence of AMI. Cigarette smoking appears to have had less influence on the incidence of AMI (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence limits, 1.1 and 2.4; P less than 0.01) than did a history of hypertension. Twenty-four per cent of the first AMIs that occurred in the study population were attributable to hypertension (after adjustment for smoking) and twenty-seven per cent were attributable to smoking (after adjustment for hypertension). PMID- 3489160 TI - [Damage to hearing and occupational exposure: comparison of 2 statistical technics for the processing of data from a cross-over study]. PMID- 3489159 TI - [Long-term results of coronary bypass with special reference to the resumption of work activity. Current status of our knowledge]. PMID- 3489161 TI - Temporary left heart assist for open heart surgery patients: clinical experience from a community hospital and review of the literature. PMID- 3489162 TI - Recovery from severe idiopathic aplastic pancytopenia following antithymocyte globulin therapy. PMID- 3489163 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of local immunity in carcinoma of the esophagus]. AB - In order to elucidate the local immunity in esophageal carcinomas, infiltrating cells and cells containing Ig located in the lamina propria near the tumor and T cell subsets in the struma of the tumor were analysed quantitatively in 45 cases of intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma. Infiltrating cells were observed in the 5 mm wide lamina propria near the tumor more than in other regions. Most of them were lymphocytes and plasma cells. Infiltrating cells in the unit area (0.0056 mm2) were 16.7 +/- 6.4 in the oral area, 18.2 +/- 7.4 in the anal area. The proportion of cells containing Ig was about 50%, 45% and 3-5% for IgG, IgA and IgM, respectively. In cases with preoperative therapy infiltrating cells and cells containing IgA were fewer than in cases without preoperative therapy. In the group of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma or in a large tumor, more than 5 cm in longitudinal diameter, or where there was no lymph node metastasis or no invasion of adventitia, many infiltrating cells and cells containing Ig were noted. There were many Leu 4 positive cells (T cells) within the struma of the tumor and Leu 2a and Leu 3a positive cells mingled in various proportions. PMID- 3489165 TI - [Current trends in periodontology. Clinical-experimental results with gingival autografts]. PMID- 3489166 TI - [Nuclear medicine diagnosis in pediatrics]. PMID- 3489164 TI - Human T-cell leukemia-associated cell surface glycoprotein GP37: studies with three monoclonal antibodies and a rabbit antiserum. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), termed SN2, SN2a and SN2b, were used in the present work to study a human T-cell leukemia-associated cell surface glycoprotein, GP37. Strong specificity of mAbs SN2, SN2a and SN2b for T leukemia cells was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. GP37 was not detected on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, purified normal T-cells, normal thymocytes nor normal bone marrow cells. Furthermore, GP37 was barely detectable on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated T-cells. The results indicate clinical utility of these mAbs. Competitive binding experiments show that the epitopes recognized by SN2 and SN2a are sufficiently close to each other to allow complete reciprocal inhibition of binding whereas the epitopes recognized by SN2 and SN2b are less close to allow only partial reciprocal binding inhibition. The biochemical nature of antigenic determinants defined by these mAbs was studied by treating T leukemia cells with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, neuraminidase and mixed glycosidases. The results suggest that the antigenic determinants defined by these mAbs all consist of the protein moiety of the glycoprotein GP37. No significant antigenic modulation was observed when T leukemia cells were reacted with SN2. In a sequential immunoprecipitation experiment, a 125I-labeled leukemia antigen preparation was first treated with a rabbit anti-T leukemia antiserum. The latter had been prepared by immunizing a rabbit with a partially purified human T leukemia antigen preparation and showed a good specificity for T leukemia cells. Subsequent treatment of the labeled antigen preparation with SN2 showed that SN2 antigen had been precleared. Thus, both mouse mAb SN2 and the rabbit anti-T leukemia antiserum react with the same GP37 molecule. PMID- 3489167 TI - [Results and problems of a questionnaire study on the incidence of some selected bronchopulmonary diseases in 3,302 students beginning school in the city of Frankfurt/Main]. AB - During the last years between air pollution and respiratory illness has been suggested increasingly often. There are no exact data about prevalence and longitudinal development of bronchopulmonary diseases. This study will propose a method to get these data by questionnaire. Although a relatively simple questionnaire was selected it was soon apparent that the answers of German parents differed substantially from those of parents of other nationalities. It was felt that this difference could be due to anxiety or misunderstanding on part of the parents, so in the interest of accuracy only the data concerning the German children were analysed. Analysis of 2,214 questionnaires revealed the following tendencies in the 5 to 6 year old age group: infectious diseases 30.4%, asthma 1.4% croup syndrome 4.5%, recurrent croup 4.1%. There is a very high percentage of pupils suffering from recurrent croup because this kind of croup most probably is associated with air pollution. We believe that the extension of data collection in this age group is practicable and would produce useful data to establish a correlation between air pollution and bronchopulmonary diseases. PMID- 3489168 TI - Enteropancreatic reflexes. 3: The effect of ileal distention on pancreatic exocrine secretion. PMID- 3489169 TI - Enteropancreatic reflexes. 4: The effect of colonic distention on pancreatic exocrine secretion. PMID- 3489170 TI - Enteropancreatic reflexes. 5: The effect of gallbladder and common bile duct distention on pancreatic exocrine secretion. PMID- 3489171 TI - Enteropancreatic reflexes. 6: The effect of esophageal distention on gastric and pancreatic secretion. PMID- 3489172 TI - Enteropancreatic reflexes. 7: The effect of duodenal distention on pancreatic exocrine secretion. PMID- 3489173 TI - Exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs: the effect of pirenzepine. PMID- 3489174 TI - Exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs: effects of the synthetic methionine enkephalin analog FK 33-824 and opioid-receptor antagonist naloxone. PMID- 3489175 TI - Trophic and antitrophic circuits controlling pancreatic weight in the rat. PMID- 3489176 TI - Estrogen effects on exocrine pancreatic secretion in menopausal women: a hypothesis for menopause-induced chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3489177 TI - Effect of pyloric transection on gastric and pancreatic secretion. PMID- 3489178 TI - Is basal bile-pancreatic secretion influenced by gastric juice diversion in the rat? PMID- 3489179 TI - Partial pancreatectomy augments pancreatic cancer in the rat. PMID- 3489180 TI - Altered liver histology in patients with pancreatitis: a clue to etiology? PMID- 3489181 TI - Increased bile pigment secretion in nonjaundiced patients with pancreatic disease. PMID- 3489182 TI - Chronic pancreatitis: update 1986. PMID- 3489183 TI - Dermatophytosis in children and adolescents: epidemiological study in the city of Barcelona, Spain. PMID- 3489184 TI - [Analysis of the occurrence of dermatophytes and skin infections caused by dermatophytes in the Slovak Socialist Republic in a 15-year period (1969-1983)]. PMID- 3489185 TI - Radioimmunodetection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with 111In-labeled T101 monoclonal antibody. AB - T101 monoclonal antibody recognizes a pan-T-cell antigen present on normal T cells and also found in high concentrations in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We used this antibody, radiolabeled with 111In, in gamma-camera imaging to detect sites of metastatic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in 11 patients with advanced disease. In all patients, [111In]T101 concentrated in pathologically or clinically detected nodes, including those in several previously unsuspected nodal regions. Concentrations (per gram of tissue) ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 percent of the injected dose and were consistently 10 to 100 times higher than previously reported on radioimmunodetection. Focal uptake was seen in skin tumors and heavily infiltrated erythroderma but not in skin plaques. The specificity of tumor targeting was documented by control studies with [111In]chloride or [111In]9.2.27 (anti-melanoma) monoclonal antibody. Increasing the T101 dose (1 to 50 mg) altered distribution in nontumor tissues. These studies suggest that imaging with [111In]T101 may be of value in identifying sites of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In contrast to the targeting of solid tumors, the mechanism of localization appears to be related to binding to T cells, which can then carry the radioactivity to involved sites. PMID- 3489186 TI - Immunology. The ins and outs of antigen processing and presentation. PMID- 3489187 TI - Serine esterase in cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - The mechanisms that enable cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells) to destroy target cells are only vaguely understood. However, recent studies have identified in Tc cells and natural killer cells cytoplasmic granules that contain perforin, a cytolytic protein that resembles the ninth component of complement (C9). Antigen specific lysis of target cells, traditionally ascribed solely to Tc cells, has now also been demonstrated in some T-helper cell (Th cell) lines, referred to here as T helper-killer or Th/c cells. We recently found a novel serine esterase that is present at greatly elevated levels in cloned murine Tc cell lines and one Th/c cell line, but not in two non-cytolytic Th cell lines. These findings suggest that the serine esterase is involved in cytolytic activity and that a variety of effector cells share a common cytolytic mechanism. To explore the role of the serine esterase in this process, we have been studying additional properties of the enzyme in murine T cells. We show here that it is a membrane associated, disulphide-linked dimer, it has trypsin-like properties but is not a general protease, in density gradient centrifugation it sediments with perforin, it is secreted by Tc cells during their cytolytic attack on target cells, and antiserum to Tc-cell serine esterase reacts with the enzyme in Th/c cells. PMID- 3489189 TI - Isolation of cell lines possessing functional and serological properties resembling those of thymocyte precursors. AB - Thymocytes develop from a committed haematopoietic progenitor, referred to as a prothymocyte. They are uniquely capable of migrating to and restoring the thymus of a lethally irradiated host, a property which has been exploited as a specific assay for these cells. Like other committed haematopoietic progenitors, prothymocytes are found only in small numbers in even the richest sources (0.05 1.0% of the nucleated cells in bone marrow). Purification has proved difficult both in terms of finding a suitable starting material and in the degree of enrichment achieved. We now report the isolation of cloned lines of cells with some of the serological and functional properties of prothymocytes. One of these lines has been in continuous culture for almost 2 years. When injected into irradiated recipients, cells from this line migrate to the thymus and there develop into cells which resemble normal cortical thymocytes. PMID- 3489188 TI - Recombinant human TNF induces production of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is synthesized by macrophages exposed to endotoxin. It produces haemorrhagic necrosis of a variety of tumours in mice and is cytostatic or cytocidal against various transformed cell lines in vitro, but viability of normal human or rodent cells is unaffected. The role of TNF is unlikely to be restricted to the rejection of tumours. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are required for survival, proliferation and differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells. The haematopoietic growth factor known as granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has the ability to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of normal granulocyte-monocyte and eosinophil stem cells and enhance the proliferation of pluripotent, megakaryocyte and erythroid stem cells. In addition, GM-CSF stimulates a variety of functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages, for example inhibition of migration, phagocytosis of microbes, oxidative metabolism, and antibody-dependent cytotoxic killing of tumour cells. We show here that TNF markedly stimulates production of GM-CSF messenger RNA and protein in normal human lung fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, and in cells of several malignant tissues. PMID- 3489191 TI - Image fading--a problem for frogs? PMID- 3489190 TI - [Comparative neurobiology of the organization of gaze-stabilizing reflex systems in vertebrates]. AB - During locomotion gaze is stabilized against passive head movements by compensatory eye movements. The efficacy and the neuronal organization of optokinetic and vestibular reflexes of different vertebrate species is compared. Besides many similarities between species a number of differences can be found as well. Increase in the efficacy of compensatory reflexes is not correlated with an increase in the efficacy of basic neuronal circuits but with the appearance of functionally new connections and of new network properties. This increasingly higher complexity allows to maintain gaze stability at increasingly higher speeds of locomotion or to suppress these reflexes during visual pursuit of a moving object. PMID- 3489192 TI - [Dental caries and gingivitis in Hague school children. Results of a cross sectional study over a 15-year period]. PMID- 3489195 TI - [Cerebellopontine angle xanthogranuloma: report of a surgical case]. AB - A Case of xanthogranuloma at the cerebellopontine angle is reported here in detail with a review of the literature. A 36-year-old male suffered from tinnitus and hearing disturbance for five months before admission. View of the internal auditory canal showed widening and destruction on the right side. Auditory brain stem response did not clarify any of wave. A slight high density area was revealed by CT with some degree of enhancement. A right paramedian suboccipital craniectomy revealed an encapsulated tumor at the right cerebellopontine angle extending into the internal auditory canal. The tumor was reddish-brown, creamy and 2 cm in diameter, which was totally extirpated. Twenty two days after the operation, the patient was discharged with a slight improvement of the right tinnitus. Seventeen surgical cases of intracranial xanthogranuloma were reviewed including the presented case. There were 10 males and seven females, and the age ranged from six to 57 years. Many of them were located in the choroid plexus or the dura mater. The presented case was the first reported one documenting a xanthogranuloma at the cerebellopontine angle. A solitary lesion was seen in 13 cases, and multiple lesions in four cases, among which Hand-Schuller-Christian disease was observed in two, and Weber-Christian disease in one. A high density area was revealed in eight out of nine cases, and some degree of enhancement was seen in nine. Surgical removal was performed totally in nine cases, subtotally in six, and partially in one. The outcome was excellent in eight cases, good in three, fair in one, poor in two, and dead in three. PMID- 3489194 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of motor neuron disease in Benghazi, Libya. AB - A total of 23 patients with motor neuron disease (MND), encompassing 17 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 4 of progressive muscular atrophy and 2 of progressive bulbar palsy, was diagnosed in Benghazi, north-eastern Libya, between 1980 and 1985. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The average incidence of MND was 0.89/100,000 population/year (0.87 when age and sex-adjusted to the Libyan population). Eighteen patients were alive on the prevalence day, September 15, 1985, which provided a prevalence rate of 3.47/100,000 population (3.42 if adjusted). Age-specific incidence rates were highest in the 50- to 59-year-old age group, 8.14/100,000/year for men and 6.10/100,000/year for women. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 51 years, and the median duration for the 5 dead MND patients after the onset of the disease was 30 months. The median survival time for all MND cases combined was 42 months. PMID- 3489196 TI - Surgery of facial nerve paralysis. PMID- 3489193 TI - Higher than expected prevalence of multiple sclerosis in northern Colorado: dependence on methodologic issues. AB - A population-based study of multiple sclerosis (MS) was conducted in 2 northern Colorado counties in 1982 to determine MS prevalence, to compare the rates with recent North American surveys and to compare the methods used in these studies. Provisional cases were identified from: the patient rolls of MS service organizations, chart reviews in 2 neurology practices, a survey of physicians and a review of hospital discharge diagnoses. Crude-point prevalence for the 2-county region was 84 per 100,000. The age-adjusted rate was higher than the rate for the region above the 37th parallel projected from data in a 1976 national survey, but was comparable to rates obtained in localized surveys conducted in the northern tier of the country. The methodological results revealed that the highest yield sources were the MS service organizations and the neurology practice chart reviews. MS prevalence surveys which neglect these methods may underestimate MS prevalence by as much as 20-40%. PMID- 3489197 TI - Biochemical changes caused by the infusion into the substantia nigra of the rat of MPTP and related compounds which antagonise dihydropteridine reductase. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium bromide (MPP+), 1-methyl-4-(3', 4'-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridinium bromide, 4-(3',4' dihydroxyphenyl)pyridine, 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 4-(3',4' dimethoxyphenyl)1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine were infused bilaterally into the substantia nigra of the rat (10 micrograms/24 hr for 4 days). The ability to inhibit spontaneous locomotor activity and to reduce levels of neurotransmitters and metabolites in the nigrostriatal system (striatum, substantia nigra) was compared with activity to inhibit dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) in vitro. The compound MPP+ was most effective to reduce motor responding and to decrease levels of dopamine, DOPAC and HVA (50-56%) in the striatum in addition to reducing levels of dopamine, DOPAC, noradrenaline, serotonin and 5-HIAA (42-86%) in the substantia nigra, yet MPP+ has been shown to have very weak ability to inhibit DHPR. In contrast, 4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridine and 1-methyl-4 (3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridinium bromide were in the order of 10(4) and 2 X 10(5) times, respectively, more potent than MPP+ to inhibit DHPR in vitro, but these compounds failed to modify dopamine neuronal function when assessed in vivo. Therefore, there would not appear to be any correlation between the ability to modify dopamine neuronal function, as assessed behaviourally or biochemically, and ability to inhibit DHPR in synaptosomes from the striatum of the rat in vitro. PMID- 3489198 TI - Dissociation of locus coeruleus activity and blood pressure. Effects of clonidine and corticotropin-releasing factor. AB - In order to determine whether pharmacologically-induced alterations in the spontaneous activity of neurons in the locus coeruleus are associated with changes in blood pressure, the activity of the locus coeruleus and blood pressure were recorded simultaneously in anesthetized rats after the administration of agents known to affect both of these parameters. Spontaneous activity of the locus coeruleus was decreased by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of both clonidine and St 91, [2,(2,6-diethyl-phenylimino)imidazolidine chloride], a charged analogue of clonidine. However, only clonidine decreased the mean blood pressure after intracerebroventricular administration suggesting that either the receptors mediating decreases in the activity of the locus coeruleus are different to those mediating hypotension, or that St 91 does not distribute to sites involved in the control of blood pressure even after intracerebroventricular administration. Intravenous administration of clonidine, but not of St 91, decreased the activity of the locus coeruleus and produced a prolonged hypotension, thus suggesting a central mechanism for these effects. Both clonidine and St 91 administered intravenously, produced a brief initial period of hypertension which was not associated with consistent changes in the spontaneous activity of the locus coeruleus. Thus, noradrenergic agonists can decrease the activity of the locus coeruleus without affecting blood pressure, and increase blood pressure without affecting the activity of the locus coeruleus. The spontaneous activity of cells in the locus coeruleus was increased by 100% after the intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; 3.0 micrograms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489199 TI - Brainstem mechanisms of antinociception. Effects of electrical stimulation and injection of morphine into the nucleus raphe magnus. AB - The microinjection of morphine into the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) increased the tail-flick latency of rats but also increased the size of noxiously-evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones. Electrical stimulation of the raphe magnus reduced the response size of the same neurons to noxious stimulation. To control for the possibility that morphine had a membrane stabilising action upon cells in the raphe magnus, tetracaine was injected into the raphe magnus and found to reduce the size of noxiously-evoked responses of dorsal horn cells. Bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus reduced the effect on tail-flick latency of morphine injected into the raphe magnus, indicating that morphine was causing antinociception by an effect on descending systems. This effect of morphine was fundamentally different however from the effects of electrical stimulation. Antinociception may result from different mechanisms within the raphe magnus nucleus, affected by morphine and electrical stimulation. PMID- 3489200 TI - Primary pontine hematoma presenting as a cerebellopontine angle mass. AB - A case of hemipontine hematoma from the rupture of a cryptic vascular malformation presenting as a cerebellopontine angle tumor is reported. The clinical features of and surgical approaches to partial pontine hematomas are briefly reviewed. PMID- 3489202 TI - Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. AB - A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting is presented. In this case, a moderate-sized intracerebral hemorrhage (3 to 5 cm in maximal diameter) occurred 1 week after operation for idiopathic hydrocephalus in a 43-year-old woman. The patient recovered fully without operative intervention. No other case of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after a ventricular shunting procedure was found in a review of the literature. The presumed mechanism in the present case is delayed erosion of a cerebral blood vessel by the ventricular catheter. PMID- 3489201 TI - Fibrous xanthoma in the gasserian ganglion: case report. AB - Occurrence of fibrous xanthoma has been reported increasingly in the skull and the central nervous system, but is extremely rare in the gasserian ganglion. We report on the clinical presentation, radiological appearance, surgical treatment, and histological makeup of a fibrous xanthoma arising from the left gasserian ganglion. PMID- 3489203 TI - Sprouting and nerve retraction in frog neuromuscular junction during ontogenesis and environmental changes. AB - Based on recent evidence for a physiological remodeling of neuromuscular contacts (Wernig et al.), a morphometric study was performed on axon- and cholinesterase stained cutaneous pectoris muscle of frog. The aim of this investigation was to separate changes due to aging, growth, and environmental conditions. Within a single muscle, fiber diameters, synaptic lengths, number of intraterminal branches, and lengths of abandoned gutters differ considerably (with coefficients of variation from 40 to 56%). On the other hand, these parameters are correlated and correlations hold when muscle fibers grow during ontogenesis: large muscle fibers bear larger and more complex junctions than small fibers. Obviously there exist growth regulating interactions between muscle fiber and the presynaptic nerve. To dissociate between age- and growth-related changes muscle fibers of equal diameters in frogs of different age are compared. With increase in age there is an additional increase in abandoned gutters, synaptic length, and complexity independent of muscle fiber growth. Possibly, abandoned gutters accumulate with time and synaptic length increases with age as the net outcome of continual synapse remodeling. When freshly caught frogs (October) were compared with frogs kept under laboratory conditions for a period of 16 weeks (which in addition included a change in season) the number of sprouts in a junction increased by about 2, the average length of presynaptic nerve terminals with small circumscribed contacts increased by 30-150 microns, and abandoned gutters tended to be shorter on fibers with large junctions. The hypothesis is discussed that remodeling is "inherent" to nerve terminals whereby sprouting is counterbalanced and reversed by nerve activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489204 TI - Left hemisphere intracerebral hemorrhages studied by ( (F-18)-fluorodeoxyglucose PET. AB - We used PET to study patients with intracerebral hemorrhages in the left hemisphere. Three anatomic and physiologic patterns were observed. Patients 1 and 2 had midputamen hemorrhages with diffuse left less than right hemispheric metabolic asymmetry most prominent in temporal and parietal regions. Patients 3 and 4 had posterior putamen-insula-temporal hemorrhages with left less than right metabolic asymmetry in temporoparietal cortex and thalamus. Patients 5, 6, and 7 had smaller posterior hemorrhages. Left cortical metabolism was little affected in these three cases. Persistent aphasia was associated with severe metabolic left less than right asymmetry in posterior middle temporal regions. PMID- 3489205 TI - [Experimental model of Parkinson disease induced by N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)]. PMID- 3489206 TI - Responses of cerebellar cortex to electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the frog. AB - In the frog cerebellar cortex, electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve induced negative field potentials with a peak latency of 57 ms whose distribution was bilateral with ipsilateral predominance. The site where the maximum negativity was induced by IXth nerve stimulation was histologically located within the molecular layer near the Purkinje cell layer. In extracellular recording, electrical stimulation of the IXth nerve induced complex and/or simple spike discharges of Purkinje cells. Such evoked potentials and unitary spikes in the cerebellum were attributed to the excitation of the IXth nerve afferents of higher threshold which are mainly composed of fibers sensitive to taste stimulation. These results suggest that gustatory information projects to the cerebellum, as well as those of other kinds of senses, such as touch, visual and auditory sensation. PMID- 3489207 TI - Increased concentrations of uric acid in the spinal cord of rats with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - We investigated the effects of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (first attack and first recovery) on uric acid (UR) concentrations in Lewis rat spinal cord. Perchloric extracts of 9 regions between spinal cord segments C3 and Co1 were injected into a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic system, and UR was quantified electrochemically. In all regions UR, which was lower than 0.5 micrograms/g wet tissue in rats injected with adjuvant (controls), increased to a variable extent during the attack (5-12 micrograms/g, maximum in T11-L2) and returned during recovery to a residual level of 1-2 micrograms/g. These findings can be partly attributed to blood-brain barrier damage. PMID- 3489208 TI - Quantitative analysis of stress thallium-201 studies: comparison of SPET and planar imaging in the detection of CAD. PMID- 3489209 TI - Measurement of gallbladder volume and dynamics by combined SPECT and planar scintigraphy. AB - A new method is described for measurement of gallbladder volume based on three dimensional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The technique was first validated in a body phantom that used a balloon to represent the gallbladder. The balloon was inflated with a known volume and SPECT volume was calculated by summing the voxels in each transaxial slice above a percentage count threshold. The SPECT and true volume showed a high linear correlation between 15 to 90 ml (r = 0.99). The mean fasting gallbladder volume using a technetium-99m-labelled hepatobiliary agent in nine normal subjects was 26 +/- 2 ml (range 18 to 39 ml). By combining the SPECT measurement with a planar technique, it was also possible to evaluate gallbladder emptying parameters. Following a 3 min infusion of 10 ng kg-1 of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK), the mean gallbladder ejection rate was 1.2 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 and the residual volume was 12 +/- 2 ml. SPECT offers a new noninvasive method for accurate measurement of gallbladder volume. PMID- 3489210 TI - Antinuclear antibodies during pregnancy. AB - First, second, and third trimester serum samples from 100 healthy pregnant women, umbilical cord serum samples from each delivery, and, for comparison, sera from 76 nonpregnant control subjects were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of antibody to human epithelioid cell nuclei at titers of greater than or equal to 1:80. At serum dilutions of 1:80, the numbers of samples positive in the first, second, third trimester, and cord sera were 18, 21, 21, and 15, respectively. At serum dilutions of 1:160, the numbers of sera positive for antinuclear antibodies in each trimester and in cord sera were 9, 12, 9, and 8, respectively. All but three women with positive tests for antinuclear antibodies remained positive throughout their pregnancies. The frequencies with which antinuclear antibodies were found during pregnancy were not significantly higher than the frequency of antinuclear antibodies in nonpregnant female control subjects. A review of pregnancy outcome indicated that maternal antinuclear antibodies are not, in general, associated with abnormalities of the pregnancy or of the offspring. PMID- 3489211 TI - Two principles for repositioning intraocular lenses. PMID- 3489212 TI - Antiphlogistic effect of catalase on experimental phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis. AB - Oxygen-derived free radicals generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes have recently been implicated as important pathogenic mediators of tissue damage in immune complex-mediated acute inflammatory reactions. In order to study the role of oxygen radicals in experimentally induced phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, rats were immunized with soluble bovine lens protein and, following surgical disruption of the anterior lens capsule, subjected to treatment with catalase. Our data show that phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis, as determined morphologically and by measurements of retinal edema, choroidal inflammation, retinal hemorrhage and necrotizing vasculitis, is greatly diminished in catalase treated animals. This protective effect of catalase indicates that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or conversion products of H2O2 (e.g., hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid) may play an important role in the development of experimental phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis. PMID- 3489213 TI - Modification by fluoangiography of color vision in diabetic patients. AB - Fluoangiography causes in diabetics a temporary increase of the number of errors when reading Birch and SPP II pseudoisochromatic plates, especially in case of macular edema and for tritan plates. Other experiments show that this change is more due to an increased filter effect by the fluorescein accumulation than to the increase of glare by the flashes for photography. Measurements of the foveal spectral increment threshold sensitivity curves does not show impairment of the blue mechanism by fluoangiography; on the contrary the green and red mechanisms become less sensitive. PMID- 3489215 TI - Binocular vision: its influence on the development of visual and postural reflex eye movements. AB - The time course for the development of binocular vision is similar to the time course for the development of mature, symmetrical, monocular optokinetic nystagmus in response to movements of the visual field in the nasalward or temporalward direction. If binocular vision does not develop normally, then the monocular optokinetic response remains immature, or asymmetric. This paper examines the connection between the development of symmetrical OKN and binocular vision, and relates how disturbances in visual development affect the ability of postural reflex eye movements to adapt to changes in the visual environment. PMID- 3489216 TI - City tests and information theory. AB - The responses of 455 male subjects on both editions of the City University Colour Vision Tests (City 1 and City 2) were recorded after the establishment of each subject's criterial status using the Nagel anomaloscope. Based on the Information Theory, each plate was assigned a contributory weighted score to the total test score. Using informational analysis, a cut-off point in test score separating normals and defectives was also determined for each test. This scoring system is an improvement on the existing (or manufacturer's) system. The analysis has also shown that the second edition (City 2) is a considerable improvement on the first (City 1). Despite this, even the improved City 2, like its origin, the D-15, is shown to be poorer than most of the commonly used PIC tests. PMID- 3489214 TI - Masseter muscle nodule due to bruxism. A case in point. AB - A 16-year-old white boy had a soft subcutaneous mass in the right masseter muscle. The pediatrician and two surgeons the patient had previously consulted had disagreed as to the origin of the mass and its treatment; their recommendations had ranged from leaving it alone to surgical excision. Treatment involved an orthopedic oral appliance restoring vertical dimension to its genetic norm and galvanic muscle stimulation. After 1 year the mass was eliminated. PMID- 3489217 TI - Spectral sensitivity for observers with protanomalous, extreme protanomalous and protanopic colour vision. AB - Contemporary models of colour vision include a channel for luminosity arising from a combination of some or all of the cone outputs. Accordingly any alteration, reduction or loss at the cone level ought to affect the shape of the spectral sensitivity curve, yet there have been few reports of any significant differences being found between the curves of protanomalous and protanopic subjects. A modified minimum flicker technique was used to determine the spectral sensitivity curves of observers with protanomalous, extreme protanomalous and protanopic vision. Significant differences were found among the mean curves of these categories of vision from 550 nm upwards. PMID- 3489218 TI - A comparison of memory for induced ischaemic pain and chronic rheumatoid pain. AB - Ischaemic pain was induced in two groups of subjects. The pain was initially assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and then by recall 7 days later. The pain experienced by a group of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis was similarly assessed before and after rehabilitatory surgery. Memory for the single episode of ischaemic pain was superior to that for the chronic rheumatoid pain. PMID- 3489220 TI - Persistent colonization during therapy for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3489219 TI - Cellular uptake and cell-associated activity of third generation cephalosporins. AB - The ability of the third generation cephalosporins to penetrate human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and their antibacterial activity against cell associated Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib) were studied. Utilizing radioactive uptake experiments, the cellular to extracellular concentration ratios were determined to be less than one for all cephalosporins at 10 and 120 min: cefotaxime (0.08 +/- 0.02, 0.34 +/- 0.08), ceftizoxime (0.21 +/- 0.11, 0.52 +/- 0.18), ceftriaxone (0.12 +/- 0.04, 0.38 +/- 0.23), and N-formimidoyl thienamycin (0.18 +/- 0.09, 0.33 +/- 0.14). Third generation cephalosporins were similar to penicillin in their exclusion from PMNs. The killing of cell-associated SA and Hib were evaluated in a preopsonized cell-associated bacterial assay with radiolabelled SA/Hib (cfu/cpm) comparing activity of PMNs + antibiotics to the PMN cell control (no antibiotics) at 0.5, 2, and 4 h. PMNs alone killed less than or equal to 0.5 log SA/Hib over 4 h. Clindamycin killed significantly more SA (p less than 0.01) than all other antibiotics; nafcillin killed significantly fewer SA (p less than 0.05) than all other antibiotics. Although each third generation cephalosporin showed good activity against cell-associated Hib, chloramphenicol had a significantly greater effect (p less than 0.05). N-formimidoyl thienamycin demonstrated good activity only after the concentration was increased in vitro to 8 micrograms/ml. Although cellular penetration of antibiotics may be important in the eradication of cell associated pathogens, the overall cellular activity would appear to be multifactorial. PMID- 3489221 TI - Rapid adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and induced self-motion perception. PMID- 3489222 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Burkitt cells: clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects]. AB - This presentation reports on patients with 13 B - acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated with intensive chemotherapy. To date 5 patients are alive, in complete remission (greater than 24 months), 4 of them had CNS disease at diagnosis; 7 patients relapsed, 2 to 4 months after complete remission, 6 of them having CNS relapse, isolated or with bone marrow involvement. The improvement in prognosis of B-ALL results from intensive chemotherapy, but the prognosis remains poor because of early relapses, especially CNS relapses (survival rate is less than 50%). The authors propose new therapeutic approaches. PMID- 3489223 TI - [Results of fatty acid SPECT of the myocardium in coronary disease]. AB - New developments in radiopharmacology of 123I-labeled metabolic tracers and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) allow now-a-days the assessment of parameters of cardiac energy metabolism in well-defined areas of the heart muscle. This article will present a brief outline of the basic pathophysiological principles used in the application of 123I-labeled phenyl fatty acids for the evaluation of CAD. First clinical results suggest an important application of cardiac fatty acid metabolic imaging to the detection, localisation and conceivable quantitation of myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and assessment of tissue viability. In addition to the diagnostic applications in CAD, cardiac fatty acid metabolic imaging may provide new perspectives to pathophysiological investigations of the coupling of local flow and substrate utilisation in vivo and the effect of therapeutic interventions. PMID- 3489225 TI - [Monocytes in Hodgkin's disease. I. Peripheral blood monocyte count in patients with advanced stages of Hodgkin's disease treated by polychemotherapy and radiotherapy in comparison with a total number of lymphocytes and T lymphocytes]. PMID- 3489224 TI - Planning patient care: relieving discomfort after cardiac surgery. PMID- 3489226 TI - Effect of UV radiation on the DNA synthesis of human thymocytes cultured in vitro. PMID- 3489227 TI - Endosteal new bone formation in the long bones of adjuvant treated rats. AB - Histopathological changes were examined mainly in the diaphyseal parts of long bones, especially femur in adjuvant-treated male Lewis-SPF rats, with reference to clinical symptoms of chronic osteoarthritis. The diaphyseal bone marrow of long bones in these rats sequentially showed three different processes of chronic pathological changes, which, however, partly overlapped each other. Initially, multiple epitheloid cell granulomas or granulomatous lesions containing fibrin deposits began to appear in the marrow space about 22 days after adjuvant injection, when the joint score of arthritis reached a peak in severity. Secondly, about a week after appearance of the granulomas, there occurred the intramembranous endosteal new bone formation proceeding from the endosteum towards the granulomatous lesions. The bone formation reached a maximum about 64 days after the treatment, when the redness of joints of feet and hands was already sedated. Finally, about 40 days after occurrence of the second event, the newly growing bone matrix began to be actively resorbed simultaneously. On the other hand, in the bone marrow of metaphyseal parts of long bones in these rats, severe acute osteomyelitis was observed from an early stage, with marked destruction of bone trabeculae and simultaneous new bone formation. In the diaphyseal bone marrow of affected long bones, the epitheloid cell granulomas appear to induce the endosteal new bone formation. PMID- 3489228 TI - Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 10-amino-11H-indeno [1,2-b] quinolin 11-one derivatives. AB - Ten novel derivatives of 11H-indeno [1,2-b] quinolin-11-one (1-10) were synthesized and pharmacologically screened. All compounds showed analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was found only for alkylamine derivatives 1 6. The most active 10-ethylamine derivative 2 showed also ulcerogenic properties. The LD50/UD50 and UD50/ED50 values for compound 2 were less satisfactory than those for ibuprofen. PMID- 3489229 TI - [Clinical experience with a new local hemostatic agent Traumacel D]. PMID- 3489230 TI - [Characteristics of the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in infants under 1 year of age]. PMID- 3489231 TI - [Results of using different doses of BCG vaccine in newborn infants]. PMID- 3489232 TI - [Results of cytochemical studies in children from tuberculosis foci]. PMID- 3489233 TI - Correction of adenosine deaminase deficiency in cultured human T and B cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. AB - A retroviral vector called SAX, containing the cloned human cDNA for adenosine deaminase (ADA), has been constructed and used to introduce the ADA gene into cultured T- and B-lymphocyte lines derived from patients with ADA deficiency. DNA analysis showed that the SAX vector was inserted intact into the T and B cells at approximately one copy per cell. The treated cells produced the characteristic isozymes of human ADA at a level similar to normal T and B lymphocytes. It is known that ADA-deficient lymphocytes are unusually sensitive to high levels of 2' deoxyadenosine, and this is the mechanism thought to underlie the selective lymphocytotoxicity associated with ADA deficiency in vivo. Expression of the introduced ADA gene was sufficient to reverse the hypersensitivity of these genetically deficient lymphocytes to 2'-deoxyadenosine toxicity. These results support the suggestion that retroviral vector gene-delivery systems show promise for application to human gene therapy. PMID- 3489234 TI - Diversity and structure of human T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region genes. AB - The nucleotide sequences of 27 T-cell receptor beta cDNA clones isolated from a human peripheral lymphocyte library were determined and compared to five additional published sequences. These cDNA clones represent 22 distinct T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region (V beta) gene segment sequences, which fall into 15 different V beta gene subfamilies, each containing six or fewer members. From this analysis, we estimate that the repertoire of expressed human V beta genes is less than 59, apparently much smaller than the immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain variable region (VH and VL) repertoires. Variability plots comparing these human V beta regions with each other and with published mouse V beta regions provide evidence for only four hypervariable regions homologous to those seen in comparisons of immunoglobulin V regions. Somatic hypermutation appears to be used infrequently, if at all, in these V beta genes. PMID- 3489235 TI - Human platelets contain and secrete osteonectin, a major protein of mineralized bone. AB - We have developed a solid-phase competitive radioimmunoassay for human osteonectin, using a monoclonal antibody to bovine osteonectin. The assay is both specific and sensitive, being capable of measuring as little as 10 ng of osteonectin. Osteonectin measurements in parallel serum and plasma samples obtained from healthy individuals showed the plasma level to be 0.9 microgram/ml, while that of serum was 3 times higher, 2.6 micrograms/ml. Radioimmunoassay of blood cells indicated that platelets contain osteonectin at 1.9 micrograms per 2 X 10(8) cells. Further, the protein is released after thrombin stimulation of these cells. Immunoblot analyses of washed pelleted human platelets resulted in the identification of a single immunoreactive species. The molecular weight of this immunoreactive species was identical to that obtained for purified bovine bone osteonectin. The isolation procedure developed for bovine bone osteonectin was applied to human platelets and bone. The individual steps of the isolation procedure yielded identical profiles of immunoreactive material for bone and platelet extracts. Results of reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of bone- and platelet-derived osteonectin are consistent with the conclusion that the two sources yield the identical protein. PMID- 3489236 TI - Selective inhibition of interleukin 2 gene function following thymocyte antigen/major histocompatibility complex receptor crosslinking: possible thymic selection mechanism. AB - Considerable evidence now exists to support the notion that the 50-kDa sheep erythrocyte-binding protein, T11, represents an essential cell surface component of a human T-cell lineage activation pathway. Furthermore, it is known that the human T3-Ti T-cell antigen/major histocompatibility complex receptor complex is capable of regulating cell growth mediated by the T11 structure. Here we show that, within the T3+ thymocyte compartment, T3-Ti crosslinking rapidly inhibits T11-initiated interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene transcription and translation. This inhibition is restricted to the IL-2 gene (IL2) as transcription of both the IL-2 receptor gene (IL2R) and the Ti beta-chain gene (TCRB) are not affected (human gene designations are in parentheses). Perhaps more importantly, T3-Ti-mediated IL-2 inhibition of this type is not operational in peripheral T lymphocytes. The results imply that the majority of T3+ thymocytes are functionally distinct from peripheral T lymphocytes despite their T3+ phenotype and must possess a unique endogenous regulatory component for suppressing IL-2 gene activity. Moreover, since IL-2 is likely rate-limiting for growth within the thymus, the findings provide one plausible mechanism for thymic selection--namely, T3-Ti crosslinking of thymocytes upon interaction with self-major histocompatibility complex inhibits clonal expansion of high-affinity autoreactive cells. PMID- 3489239 TI - Variations in mRNA patterns during development of cytolytic T-cells during hepatitis virus infection. PMID- 3489237 TI - HLA-DR4 in insulin-dependent diabetic parents and their diabetic offspring: a clue to dominant inheritance. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) susceptibility determinants are known to be associated with both HLA-DR3 and -DR4. We monitored the inheritance of HLA DR alleles in 37 families in which IDDM affected one parent and at least one offspring in order to try to learn more about the modes of inheritance of IDDM determinants. Ninety-seven insulin-dependent diabetics whose parents did not have diabetes and 158 nondiabetics were used as control groups for estimates of DR allele frequencies in the overall diabetic and general populations. The proportion of diabetic parents who transmitted DR4 to diabetic offspring (78%) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than the gene frequency of DR4 in the overall diabetic population (43%). The proportion of nondiabetic parents who transmitted DR4 to diabetic offspring (22%) was not significantly different from the gene frequency of DR4 in the nondiabetic population (16%), but it was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the gene frequency in the overall IDDM population. These proportions suggest that inheritance of the DR4-associated IDDM susceptibility determinant is not recessive, because in recessive inheritance expression of a trait depends on each parent contributing a susceptibility determinant. The proportions of diabetic and nondiabetic parents who transmitted the DR allele associated with the susceptibility determinant would then equal one another. The transmission of predominantly DR4 from affected parents to affected offspring suggests that susceptibility to IDDM is inherited primarily via a single dose of a potent determinant associated with DR4, as in dominant inheritance. When DR3 was transmitted at all it was usually by the nondiabetic parent. Only 8% of diabetic parents transmitted DR3 but 35% of nondiabetic parents transmitted DR3. The proportion of nondiabetic parents who transmitted DR3 was similar to the gene frequency of DR3 in the overall diabetic population (29%), but it was significantly higher than the gene frequency of DR3 in the nondiabetic population (15%; P less than 0.005). The percentage of diabetic offspring with the genotype DR3DR4 (35%) was identical to the percentage of individuals in the overall IDDM population with this genotype (35%). Numerous population data indicate that the DR3DR4 genotype carries a higher relative risk for IDDM than any other genotype, which suggests synergism between the DR3- and DR4-associated determinants. The family data reported here support this synergism but suggest that the DR4-associated determinant can give substantial susceptibility independent of the DR3-associated determinant and that the DR3 associated determinant is often expressed as enhancing susceptibility in the presence of the dominant DR4- associated determinant. PMID- 3489238 TI - The HPRT mutant T-cell assays for human mutagenicity monitoring. AB - Both T-cell assays are useful for human mutagenicity monitoring. The autoradiographic assay is inexpensive, relatively short term and easily applicable to population studies. The clonal assay will provide information on the nature of spontaneous mutation in vivo and, by analysis of mutational spectra, may yield insights into induced mutational events. In addition to the characterizations noted above, we have recently shown that analysis of in vivo derived hprt mutant T-cell colonies with cDNA probes for the and T-cell receptor genes allows quantification of the number of in vivo hprt mutations that give rise to an observed collection of mutants. (Nicklas, et. al, 1985, Albertini et. al 1985b) Refinements of this assay should increase its applicability for population studies. The utility of both assays should be better defined by studying the relationship between their respective end-points. Both assays yield similar frequencies of TGr cells in individuals (Albertini, 1985), and may thus be equivalent. Future studies should answer this question. PMID- 3489241 TI - Dual isotope (81Krm and 99Tcm) SPECT in lung function diagnosis. AB - A method is presented for deriving regional values for lung volume, ventilation, perfusion and dV/dQ ratios suitably plotted for clinical interpretation. Necessary data are obtained from a 12 min dual-head, dual isotope (81Krm and 99Tcm) SPECT acquisition and subsequent graphics and image processing. Computed histograms make possible a detailed quantitative impression of lung function. PMID- 3489240 TI - Regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism by growth factors in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 3489242 TI - Acute effects of low-fluence ultraviolet light on human T-lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 3489243 TI - Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle-posterior lateral hypothalamus attenuates gastric lesions. AB - The major purpose of Experiment 1 was to see if electrical stimulation of the brain in an area that supports self-stimulation can act during stress to attenuate the severity of gastric lesions produced by six hours of tailshock and restraint. It was found that rats receiving electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle-posterior lateral hypothalamus had significantly less gastric pathology than control subjects not receiving stimulation. Further experiments sought to examine characteristics of the stimulation that would account for this finding. Experiments 2 and 3 studied signal and analgesic properties, respectively, of the brain stimulation, but did not find evidence for their involvement in the effect. PMID- 3489244 TI - The effects of verapamil on the locomotor-activating properties of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the rat. AB - CRF was administered to rats following intracerebroventricular administration of the calcium antagonist verapamil. Treatment with verapamil elicited biphasic dose response effects on rat locomotor activity: doses equimolar to CRF treatment slightly increased CRF-stimulated locomotion, while doses of verapamil ten times greater slightly depressed CRF-stimulated locomotion. These results suggest that CRF-stimulated locomotion, unlike other effects of CRF, is not mediated in a simple way by processes dependent on neuronal calcium influx. PMID- 3489245 TI - [A low-current device for drug electrotherapy (iontophoresis, ionophoresis)]. PMID- 3489246 TI - [Lingual bone perforation as causal factor in a threatening hemorrhage of the mouth floor due to a single tooth implant in the canine region]. PMID- 3489247 TI - [Functional activity of cellular systems of immunity a long time after sublethal irradiation]. AB - A study was made of the content and functional activity of cell populations and subpopulations involved in the immune response at remote times after single sublethal irradiation (3 Gy). The exposed mice exhibited an earlier thymus involution and a decrease in the number of CFUc and antibody-producers per 10(6) karyocytes. The decrease in the antibody production was due to the reduced functional activity of B- and T-lymphocyte precursors and cooperative activity of T-helpers. The inactivating capacity of T-killers increased. PMID- 3489248 TI - [Effect of anti-mouse brain serum on the CFUc in actively proliferating bone marrow]. AB - With hydroxyurea injected to donor mice a greater inhibition of splenic colony growth occurred after incubation of a bone marrow suspension with the rabbit antimouse brain serum (RAMBS), and restoration of the colony-formation by thymocytes was less pronounced than in normal bone marrow treated with the antibrain serum. The incubation of the bone marrow cells containing CFUc, which actively proliferate after irradiation or stimulation by vinblastine, with the antibrain serum sharply suppressed the splenic colony growth. In this case however, in contrast to normal bone marrow, the administration of thymocytes failed to exert a favourable action on the colony formation. It is suggested that functioning of accessory cells is not associated with the defined cell cycle stage of CFUc and that, in addition to the previously discovered accessory cell population, some other factors, inactivated by the RAMBS serum, are present in the bone marrow the analogue of which is absent in the thymus. PMID- 3489249 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation by our method on changes in selected clinical parameters in patients with spasticity in cases of paresis caused by spinal cord injury]. PMID- 3489250 TI - [Performance of gamma camera collimators used for single photon emission computed tomography imaging with 123I-isopropyl iodoamphetamine]. AB - 123I Produced by 124Te(p, 2n)123I reaction is contaminated with 124I (less than 5%) and 126I (less than 0.3%). High energy photons from these mixed radioiodine compromise seriously image quality due to scattered photons and to septal penetration in the collimator. Four collimators of LEAP (for low energy all purpose), LEHR (for low energy high resolution), MESI (for medium energy made by Siemens) and MENU (for medium energy made by nuclear technology) mounted on a rotating gamma camera (Siemens, ZLC-7500), were examined in order to select a suitable collimator for 123I SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging. Sensitivities were measured with a plane source (5 X 5 X 0.5 cm) at the collimator face and distances from 2 to 30 cm in air. And, spatial resolutions in FWHM (full width at half maximum) and FWTM (full width at tenth maximum) were determined from line spread functions with planar and SPECT imaging. From the comparison of collimator performances with 99mTc and 123I, both collimators for low energy were not useful for 123I imaging. In other two collimators for medium energy, however, apparently the effect of septal penetration by the higher energy photons were also recognized, MENU with high geometrical resolution was more suitable for 123I SPECT imaging compared with MESI. And, it is important to perform the SPECT imaging with radius as short as possible. PMID- 3489251 TI - Thallium-201 radioactive implant induced X-ray emission scanning of stable iodine distribution in thyroid--phantom experiment. AB - A new method has been developed for imaging the thyroid gland by the use of 201Tl radioactive implant induced X-ray emission (RIXE). The thyroid phantom was made from two cylindrical tubes embedded in plastic neck phantom. Each tube consisted of stable iodine and 201Tl radioactive source in 10 ml water solution. Some photopeaks in the energy range from 20 to 200 ke V were scanned along a horizontal axis by the collimated Ge detector with high energy resolution. The distribution on the horizontal axis was obtained for the generated I K alpha-ray and some primary 201Tl radiations. The 201Tl RIXE scanning can provide information about the distribution of iodine with 201Tl as well as 201Tl distribution in the thyroid gland. The effectiveness of the 201Tl RIXE technique as a thyroid scanning method is discussed. PMID- 3489252 TI - [Conditioned immunotherapy as treatment of hepatic tumor metastasis]. PMID- 3489253 TI - Prevention of acrylonitrile-induced gastrointestinal bleeding by sulfhydryl compounds, atropine and cimetidine. AB - We have recently demonstrated that acrylonitrile (VCN) causes acute gastric hemorrhage and mucosal erosions. The current studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of the sulfhydryl-containing compounds, cysteine and cysteamine, the cholinergic blocking agent atropine and the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine on the VCN-induced gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in rats. Our data shows that pretreatment with L-cysteine, cysteamine, atropine or cimetidine has significantly protected rats against the VCN-induced GI bleeding. A possible mechanism of the VCN-induced GI bleeding may involve the interaction of VCN with critical sulfhydryl groups that, in turn, causes alteration of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors to lead to gastric hemorrhagic lesions and bleeding. PMID- 3489254 TI - Effects of cyclopiazonic acid on the contractility of organs with smooth muscles, and on frog ventricles. AB - The mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and ergotamine, and the neurotransmitter serotonin all have the beta-aminoethylindole moiety in common. These compounds enhanced the peristaltic movements of the jejunum, ileum and estrous uterus and produced broncho-constriction in vitro. Atropine and cyproheptadine were able to counter the CPA-induced peristaltic movements of the ileum and jejunum. L epinephrine was able to stop the contractions induced by CPA on both estrous and pregnant rat uteri. Unlike chlorpromazine, CPA did not block the inotropic effects of dopamine, epinephrine and serotonin in vas deferens. This indicated that the previously reported toxic effects of CPA (hypothermia, catalepsy, hypokinesia, tremor) which resembled the effects of anti-psychotic drugs (chlorpromazine, reserpine) probably were not due to the blocking of the neurotransmitter-receptors. In contrast to ergotamine, which decreased the inotropic effects of serotonin on the uterus, CPA had no anti-serotonin effects. The uterotonic effect of CPA (similar to that of ergotamine) suggested that CPA also might have an adverse effect on the reproductive function of humans and animals consuming CPA-contaminated foods. PMID- 3489255 TI - Pseudo-endophthalmitis caused by intravitreal lipid transudation in association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and hyperlipidemia. AB - A 20-year-old woman with a 13-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presented with a history of malaise, fever, a non-healing ulcer of the great toe, and an insect bite incurred during recent travel to a foreign country. Milky white infiltrates accompanied by inflammatory cells located within close proximity to neovascular fronds in both vitreous cavities led to the suspicion of bilateral metastatic endophthalmitis. Studies conducted during hospitalization failed to show evidence of systemic blood born infection. A diagnostic vitrectomy in one eye failed to grow organisms, though lipid laden macrophages were identified by electron microscopy. The clinical appearance improved in both eyes during her hospitalization coincident with improved diabetic control. It was later concluded that the milky white infiltrates were associated with hyperlipidemia as a consequence of poorly controlled diabetes and a familial tendency toward hyperlipidemia. PMID- 3489256 TI - Assessment of carcinogenesis through epidemiologic and experimental investigations. PMID- 3489257 TI - A monoclonal antibody against a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma that defines an important T cell-activation antigen. PMID- 3489259 TI - Interleukin 2-activated cytotoxic lymphocytes in cancer therapy. AB - LAK are cytolytic lymphocytes with the unique capacity for killing NK-resistant fresh human tumor cells in short-term assays. LAK kill autologous as well as allogeneic tumors with complete cross-reactivity. Initial studies on the classification of LAK conclude that LAK are distinct from the classical NK and T lymphocyte systems, based on a number of criteria including surface phenotype, activation conditions, and a spectrum of susceptible target cells. LAK kill ras oncogene-transfected fibroblasts like they kill fresh tumors. As yet, the target cell determinant responsible for susceptibility to LAK lysis is unknown. Activation of LAK requires only IL 2 and is blocked by monoclonal antibodies to the IL 2 receptor. Because only IL 2 alone is sufficient for LAK activation, we have done in vitro testing to determine whether fresh PBL could be activated in the presence of tumor, as might be desirable in vivo. LAK were activated sufficiently to mediate significant destruction of fresh tumor. We also tested whether LAK could be maintained in the presence of large tumors, providing IL 2 was added. Again, results were positive, suggesting that LAK either recycle or are a self-renewing population that depend on IL 2 for continued functions. Because of these and other findings, we have initiated a clinical protocol to test whether LAK made from the PBL of patients with brain tumor could eliminate residual glioma tumor cells. Autologous LAK plus rIL 2 to maintain lytic ability are injected during surgery. Preclinical studies in a rat glioma model have shown this approach to be safe, and previous in vivo murine studies have concluded that LAK kill tumors in Winn-type lung colony formation tests (Kedar et al. 1982). Much work is needed before we can understand the LAK phenomenon and determine its usefulness in cancer therapy, as well as its inherent biologic role. We hope that this chapter will stimulate both interest and the basic research needed to realize LAK potential. PMID- 3489258 TI - Mutagen-induced antigenic variants of tumor cells. PMID- 3489261 TI - Targeting cells for attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes using heteroconjugates of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3489260 TI - Natural killer and other effector cells. PMID- 3489262 TI - Lymphokine regulation of polyclonal and antigen-specific B cell responses. PMID- 3489263 TI - The arrangement of immunoglobulin, T cell antigen receptor, and interleukin 2 receptor genes in human lymphoid neoplasms. AB - Ig and T cell antigen receptor genes in their germ line form are separated DNA segments that are joined by recombinations during lymphocyte development. The analysis of Ig and T cell receptor gene arrangements has been of value in the study of lymphoid neoplasms. The identification of T cell receptor gene rearrangements taken in conjunction with studies of Ig gene rearrangements aids in the elucidation of the lineage (T cell or B cell) and the clonality of lymphoid populations of all series. The application of this molecular genetic approach has great potential for complementing conventional marker analysis, cytogenetics, and histopathology, thus broadening the scientific basis for the classification, diagnosis, and monitoring of the therapy of lymphoid neoplasia. IL 2 is a lymphokine synthesized by some T cells following activation. Resting T cells do not express IL 2 receptors, but receptors are rapidly expressed on T cells following the interaction of antigens, mitogens, or monoclonal antibodies with the antigen-specific T cell receptor complex. Normal resting T cells and most leukemic T cell populations do not express IL 2 receptors; however, the leukemic cells of all patients with HTLV-I-associated adult T cell leukemia examined expressed the Tac antigen. The constant display of large numbers of IL 2 receptors that may be aberrant may play a role in the uncontrolled growth of these leukemic T cells. Patients with the Tac antigen positive adult T cell leukemia are being treated with the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody directed toward this growth factor receptor. PMID- 3489264 TI - Molecular genetics of human B cell neoplasia. PMID- 3489265 TI - [Gynecologic cancers--the limits of preventive examination. An analysis of the current staging and percentage distributions based on 3,849 cancers from the 1 January 1983 to 25 November 1985 cumulative statistics of the study group of Swiss gynecologic clinics]. PMID- 3489266 TI - [A case from general practice (57). Lung emphysema in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 3489267 TI - [Epidemiologic and preventive medicine aspects of gastrointestinal tumors]. PMID- 3489268 TI - [Recommendations for the laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and other coccidioses and pneumocystosis]. PMID- 3489269 TI - [Muscular decontraction using electrical excitation]. PMID- 3489270 TI - [Research on bronchomotor properties of a calcium inhibitor (bepridil) in asthmatic patients]. AB - The bronchomotor properties of calcium antagonists were investigated in 10 patients with paroxysmal asthma, using a double-blind, cross-over method. Each patient received, in random order, either a placebo (5% glucose solution) or bepridil (2 mg/kg) administered by intravenous infusion over 30 min. There were no changes in mean values of vital capacity, FEV1 and systolic blood pressure. Bradycardia was regularly present. Diastolic blood pressure was lowered in 4 patients. An analysis of individual responses showed that FEV1 was unimpaired in 9 patients and was increased by more than 25% in one case. Thus, contrary to beta blockers, bepridil and other calcium antagonists have no adverse effects on the bronchi of asthmatics; on the other hand, their bronchorelaxant effect is too inconstant for these drugs to be used in the symptomatic treatment of paroxysmal asthma. PMID- 3489271 TI - Recent research advances in Parkinson's disease: Part I. PMID- 3489272 TI - Properties and reactivity of immune complexes in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Fractionation of immune complexes (IC) from rheumatoid synovial fluid revealed the presence of three different fractions of IC. The largest molecular weight form, fraction I (above 1000 Kdaltons) was predominately composed of IgG and IgM and contained both IgM-RF and IgG-RF. The other IC, fraction II (480 Kdaltons) and fraction III (330 Kdaltons), contained predominately IgG with some IgA and only significant amounts of IgG-RF. All three fractions of IC can bind Clq and stimulate human monocyte prostaglandin E (PGE) production. Fraction I IC bound Clq most readily while fraction III IC were the most effective stimulators of monocyte PGE production. IC stimulation of monocyte PGE production was inhibited by staphylococcus protein A suggesting mediation via activation of Fc receptors. It remains to be determined whether this IC reactivity has any pathologic significance. PMID- 3489273 TI - Pokeweed mitogen-induced secretion of IgG- and IgM-rheumatoid factors by synovial fluid and blood B lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were assayed for their ability to secrete Ig and rheumatoid factors (RF) upon polyclonal activation in vitro. B lymphocytes secreting IgM-RF and IgG-RF were enumerated using hemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assays. The sensitivity of RF-PFC formation was similar to that of a reverse PFC assay detecting all cells secreting Ig. Blood mononuclear cells from RA patients generated a median of 12 IgM-RF and 15 IgG-RF secreting cells/10(6) after 6 days culture with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Thus a median of approximately 0.5% of IgM- and IgG-secreting cells were identified as RF-PFC. Synovial fluid B lymphocytes co-cultured with autologous blood T lymphocytes in the presence of PWM generated higher numbers of RF-secreting cells; medians of 43 IgM-RF and 441 IgG-RF secreting cells/10(6) were found. Thus, 8-9% of IgM- and IgG-secreting cells from synovial fluid were identified as RF-PFC. In co-cultures containing synovial fluid T cells, PWM-induced RF secretion was low. The data indicate that both blood and SF B cells have the potential for RF secretion. PMID- 3489274 TI - The effects of synovial fluid macrophages and interleukin-1 on hyaluronic acid synthesis by normal synovial fibroblasts. AB - The effects of peripheral blood monocyte and rheumatoid synovial fluid macrophage conditioned media were studied on hyaluronic acid (HA) metabolism of normal synovial fibroblasts. Both media stimulated HA synthesis about two-fold compared to controls (1% fetal calf serum). The activated mononuclear phagocyte conditioned media did not contain HA-degrading activity in these experiments. The effects of various concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on HA synthesis and proliferation of synovial fibroblasts were studied. Even at very low concentrations (0.1 IU IL-1/ml) HA synthesis was stimulated. With increasing concentrations HA synthesis did not increase but proliferation was stimulated. Stimulated fibroblasts synthesized mainly high molecular weight HA. Thus with IL 1-activation, normal synovial fibroblasts could not produce increased amounts of abnormal HA with decreased molecular weight. PMID- 3489275 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in North Indian Asians. A prospective analysis of clinical and immunological features. AB - One hundred and one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from North Indian stock are presented. The clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, causes of death, and survival are compared and contrasted with the other major reported series. SLE of North Indian Asians has several features comparable to those reported from the West, but other features are more similar to the SLE seen in Mongoloid races. PMID- 3489276 TI - SCE Nordic alpha-amylase study. II: Assessment of proposed calibration procedure. A report by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes (SCE). AB - Eighty-seven Nordic Hospital laboratories participated in a joint SCE-NORDKEM follow-up study of the long-term stability of the previously established calibration factors for a number of alpha-amylase routine methods based on six different substrates. Human control materials with 90% pancreatic, 90% salivary, and pure pancreatic alpha-amylases were measured by the participants. The data were plotted before and after calibration of each method using a human pancreatic calibrator with an assigned catalytic concentration of 390 U/l (Phadebas blue starch method, 37 degrees C). As in the previous study, carried out 9 months earlier, the pre-calibration values varied over a six-fold range. The post calibration values of all methods except those based on a tetraose substrate showed an acceptable inter-laboratory comparability. As a temporary measure, SCE recommends that the Nordic laboratories calibrate the accepted routine methods by their individual calibration factor. Detailed suggestions for calibration procedures and a discussion of the principles of transferability will shortly be published by the SCE in this journal. PMID- 3489277 TI - Oral health of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Oral health, the amount of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, and the flow rate, pH and buffer capacity of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were analyzed in 35 adult diabetic patients and their age- and sex-matched non diabetic, clinically healthy controls. All patients had insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) with a mean (+/- SD) duration of 14.0 +/- 9.1 yr. The prevalence of dental caries was as high in the diabetic group as in the controls but the past caries experience was remarkably lower in those individuals whose diabetes had started at a very early age (less than or equal to 7 yr). In agreement with the clinical data, the salivary levels of cariogenic microorganisms were of the same order of magnitude in both study groups. However, the relative proportion of S. mutans from the total cultivable aerobic microflora was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in diabetics compared to the controls. The other studied salivary parameters did not differ between the groups. Remarkable individual differences were observed in the correlation between glucose levels of blood and whole saliva among diabetics. In spite of the noncariogenic dietary habits, the adult diabetic patients seem to be at least as susceptible to dental caries as non-diabetics, probably due to the leakage of glucose from blood into the oral cavity. PMID- 3489278 TI - Duodenal output of lactoferrin in normal subjects and correlation to output of amylase, bicarbonate, and total bile acids. AB - Nineteen normal subjects were studied before and after pancreatic stimulation. Duodenal flow was quantitated by means of a dilution indicator technique, and the secretion pattern of lactoferrin, amylase, total bile acids, and bicarbonate was studied. Output of lactoferrin in the duodenum was increased both after stimulation with a test meal and after hormonal stimulation by cholecystokinin alone or cholecystokinin in combination with secretin. Output of lactoferrin was not affected by stimulation by secretin alone. Lactoferrin was secreted in parallel with amylase and bile acids. The results indicate that the origin of lactoferrin in duodenum can be bile or pancreatic juice, or a combination of these. PMID- 3489279 TI - Development of a model system for analysing graft-versus-host-mediated immune suppression. AB - F1 hybrid mice injected with parental T lymphocytes undergo a graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction, one of the consequences being a highly depressed cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) potential against alloantigens and modified self antigens. In the present study we demonstrate that concanavalin A (Con A) can be used for analysing such GvH-mediated immune suppression. Thus, both alloantigen- and Con A induced responses were reduced by approximately 80% in F1 suppressed (F1s) animals as compared to F1 control (F1c) mice. Although interleukin 2 (IL-2) production was found to be reduced by approximately 50% it did not account for the reduced CTL response in F1s mice. The addition of IL-2 to Con A-stimulated F1s spleen cell cultures did not reconstitute the response. The results suggest that the suppressive mechanism operates by preventing a large fraction of Lyt-2+ CTL precursors from acquiring IL-2 reactivity. However, a small fraction of CTL precursors, escaped the suppression and differentiated into effector CTL. PMID- 3489281 TI - T-cell effector function and unresponsiveness in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. II. Delayed-type hypersensitivity unresponsiveness reflects a defective differentiation from TD precursor to effector cell. AB - An increase in the virus dose from 10(2) LD50 (low dose) to 10(4) LD50 (high dose) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) results in markedly delayed virus clearance, in spite of a potent cytotoxic T-cell (TC) response. However, virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity is markedly depressed in high-dose mice, suggesting an association between DTH and virus clearance. When virus-primed memory cells are transferred, DTH reactivity as well as virus-clearing capacity is restored in high-dose mice, indicating that the virus is not present in a changed or concealed form. The role of T-cells mediating DTH (TD cells) in virus clearance was also studied by adoptive transfer to naive recipients. Here the high-dose primed cells did mediate virus clearance, although no DTH reaction was detectable 24-72 h after transfer. However, when footpad swelling was measured 96 h or more after transfer a DTH response emerged, indicating that TD priming had taken place in high-dose animals. Pre-irradiation of high-dose primed cells markedly inhibited the antiviral activity as well as DTH, suggesting that upon transfer to naive recipients TD precursors from high dose mice would proliferate into effector cells capable of mediating both functions. Treatment with anti-Lyt2+C' abrogated the capacity to induce virus specific DTH, thus confirming that the cells involved are not helper T (TH) cells. We conclude that the DTH unresponsiveness in high-dose mice reflects a defective differentiation of TD precursor into effector cells which is reversible upon transfer to a less antigen loaded environment. Furthermore, it is suggested that TD function is crucial to the process of virus clearance. PMID- 3489280 TI - T-cell effector function and unresponsiveness in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. I. On the mechanism of a selective suppression of the virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response. AB - When the virus dose is increased from 10(2) (low dose) to 10(4) LD50 (high dose) a fatal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection is changed into a subclinical one, and a selective virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) unresponsiveness is induced, while the cytotoxic T-cell response remains essentially unchanged. When low-dose spleen effectors were transferred intravenously into intracerebrally infected high-dose mice, fatal LCM disease occurred, which means that infected central nervous system target structures in these animals are sensitive to virus-specific T cells. When low-dose cells were transferred to intravenously infected high-dose mice, these animals regained their TD function (the effect of T cells mediating DTH). Since this indicates that the survival of intracerebrally infected high-dose mice is intimately linked with the absence of virus-specific DTH reactivity, a search for T suppressor (TS) activity in these animals was performed by transferring high-dose spleen cells to lethally (intracerebrally) infected low-dose recipients. In this way we obtained an afferent suppression, which was not H-2 restricted, but was abrogated when the spleen cells were pretreated with neutralizing anti-LCMV serum, indicating a suppressive effect of virus transferred with the infected cells. When tolerance induction was attempted with virus alone, a potentially fatal immune reaction could be altered to unresponsiveness (i.e. survival) as late as 4 days after an otherwise lethal infection with LCMV. The results indicate that the maturation of the virus-specific TD response is sensitive to large amounts of virus antigen. We conclude that this impairment and the resulting DTH unresponsiveness is due to a clonal deletion or anergy rather than to the effect of TS cells, and that the TD effector function is critical to the development of fatal LCM disease. PMID- 3489282 TI - Natural killer cells contribute to inflammation but do not appear to be essential for the induction of clinical lymphocytic choriomeningitis. AB - The inflammatory exudate found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mice 6 days after intracerebral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) contains substantial populations of both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. Removal of NK cell activity by in vivo treatment with antibody to the asialo GM1 ganglioside and studies with NK-deficient bg/bg mice did not clearly determine whether NK cells contribute in any way to the development of clinical LCM. However, the LCM disease process induced in cyclophosphamide-suppressed, LCMV-infected recipients by the adoptive transfer of LCMV-immune spleen cells occurs in the absence of NK cell effector function in spleen, lymph nodes, or CSF of the recipients, though potent CTL populations are present in all of these sites. In this situation, NK cells are apparently not required for the induction of neurological symptoms that are indistinguishable from those of classical LCM. PMID- 3489283 TI - Generation of monoclonal rheumatoid factors after immunization with collagen II anti-collagen II immune complexes. An anti-idiotypic antibody to anti-collagen II is also a rheumatoid factor. AB - Two monoclonal IgG rheumatoid factors were obtained after hybridization of spleen cells from DBA/1 mice immunized with immune complexes containing native collagen type II and a monoclonal anti-collagen II antibody. One of these rheumatoid factors reacted not only with purified murine Fc fragments, but also with Fab fragments of the anti-collagen II antibody used for immunization, whereas no reactivity was seen with Fab fragments from normal mouse IgG. The findings demonstrate the ability of immune complexes encompassing native collagen type II to induce production of IgG rheumatoid factors, and suggest that an idiotypic relationship may exist between certain rheumatoid factors and anti-collagen II antibodies. PMID- 3489284 TI - T-cell development during ageing in congenitally athymic (nude) rats. AB - We studied the thymus-dependent immune system in congenitally athymic (nude) rats of the WAG (RT-1u) strain, at the ages of 2, 3, 5, 9, and 17 months. This included the histology of spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches, immunohistochemistry on tissue sections, and immunocytology on cell suspensions using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to T-lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro mitogen responsiveness, and in vivo responsiveness to ovalbumin immunization. The results were compared with those in euthymic immunocompetent littermates of the same age. The cell marker analysis, especially in nude animals, was hampered by the staining of non-T cells by some of the antibodies (staining of putative macrophages, natural killer cells, cells of B-lymphocyte lineage, and of myeloid lineage). Despite this, with age an increase in cells with these markers was observed; for instance, in spleen suspensions, cells labelled by the pan-T reagent MRC OX-19 increased from 5% at 2 months to 19% at 17 months (value in euthymic animals 34%). In the other assays too a gradual increase of T-cell reactivity with age was observed, from almost absent in 2- and 3-month-old nude rats to values in 17-month-old animals of about half the level found in euthymic rats. However, none of the nude animals responded to ovalbumin immunization. These results indicate that in nude animals processes occur which compensate for the absent intrathymic T-cell generation. This applies in particular to changes in T-cell phenotype and mitogen responsiveness, but not to antigen responsiveness. PMID- 3489285 TI - Inhibition of T3 mediated T-cell proliferation by Ca2+-channel blockers and inhibitors of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent kinase. AB - The potential roles of Ca2+ ions in the response of T lymphocytes to stimulation with monoclonal antisera to the T3 antigen were investigated by means of pharmacological agents that predominantly inhibit the flux of Ca2+ ions into cells (verapamil, nifedipine) or the activity of Ca2+-dependent kinases (trifluoperazine, polymyxin B). As assessed by uptake of [3H]thymidine, proliferation induced with anti-T3 +/- recombinant IL-2 at 72 h was inhibited by greater than 80% in the presence of nifedipine at 50 microM, and almost completely arrested (greater than 95% inhibition) with the other agents at the same concentration. Further quantitative assays of the effects of polymyxin B and trifluoperazine on C-kinase labelling of exogenous substrate showed a major reduction with both agents, but inhibition was substantially greater with polymyxin B that with trifluoperazine (IC50 = 14 and 70 microM respectively). These results were confirmed by qualitative assessment of Ca2+/phospholipid dependent phosphorylation of endogenous substrates, which demonstrated major phosphoproteins of MW 56,000, 52,000, 43,000, and 20,000, and dose-dependent reduction in labelling in the presence of polymyxin B. Similar results were obtained under more physiological conditions in intact cells labelled with 32P orthophosphate. These findings indicate several possible roles for Ca2+ in T-cell activation, and several possible levels of activity, including modulation of calmodulin-dependent kinases and effects on Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent kinases and Ca2+ channels. PMID- 3489286 TI - Participation of interleukins in synergistic effect of Bu-WSA on concanavalin A induced DNA synthesis in mouse splenic lymphocytes. AB - Butanol-extracted water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii was mitogenic to murine splenic B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes. When murine splenic cells were cultured in the presence of Bu-WSA and concanavalin A (Con A) together, [3H]thymidine uptake of the culture cells synergically increased. The mechanism of the synergy of Con A and Bu-WSA and the participation of interleukin (IL) 1 and 2 in the synergy were studied. The proliferation cells in the synergy were Lyt-1+23- lymphocytes. Ia-positive accessory cells were required for the response. When separated cell populations and Marbrook-type culture vessels were used, a mixed cell population of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes or macrophages (M phi) produced some active factor(s) after co-stimulation by Con A and Bu-WSA, and the factors enhanced DNA synthesis of another Con A-activated T lymphocyte population. Supernatants obtained from the spleen cell cultures or the mixed cell cultures with T lymphocytes and M phi in the presence of Con A and Bu-WSA contained greater amounts of IL-1 and IL-2 than those from cultures containing Con A or Bu-WSA alone. An addition of exogenous IL-1 or IL-2 to spleen cell cultures with Con A resulted in a proliferative response like that obtained through co-stimulation by Con A and Bu-WSA. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of Con A and Bu-WSA on the proliferative response in murine splenic cells is sustained by the enhancement of production of these T-lymphocyte growth factors. PMID- 3489288 TI - XXI Scandinavian Congress of Rheumatology. Reuma 86. June 16-19, Copenhagen. Abstracts. PMID- 3489287 TI - Insignificant immune phagocytosis inhibition and cytotoxicity by the murine monoclonal HLA-DP antibody B7/21 tested on human monocytes and macrophages. AB - On the basis of fluorescence flow cytometry data with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) B7/21, and of the differing cell sizes, the HLA-DP antigen density on monocytes is estimated to be 25% of that on B lymphocytes. The remote positions of the antigens are assumed to be responsible for the markedly reduced inhibitory capacity of the MoAb B7/21 in immune phagocytosis by monocytes and for the absence of complement-dependent cytotoxicity of this MoAb to monocytes. The findings from experiments on peritoneal macrophages are comparable. Therefore HLA DP may not be important for the functioning of the monocytes and macrophages. PMID- 3489289 TI - Differential diagnosis of neoplastic and rheumatic diseases in children. AB - The early phase of the disease in 30 children referred to this Clinic with the diagnosis of rheumatic disease and whose condition was ultimately diagnosed as malignancy was analysed. A correct diagnosis was established after a period of 1 22 months. thus acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and solid tumours were diagnosed in 13, 7, 3, 7 consecutive patients. It was demonstrated that in an early stage of neoplastic diseases, signs may occur which are typical also of rheumatic diseases. Fever, arthralgia or arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and signs of cardiac involvement predominated in the early picture of the disease. The need for diagnostic investigations ruling out neoplastic diseases has been emphasized. They should be performed even in children fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for rheumatic diseases. Attention has been called to the importance of carefully performed hematological and morphological analysis. PMID- 3489290 TI - Measuring health in rheumatic disorders by means of a Swedish version of the sickness impact profile. Results from a population study. AB - A technique for assessing the overall consequences of disease is introduced, comprising a Swedish version of a behaviour-based measure, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). Measurement characteristics of the profile are defined in an epidemiological study of 147 women with rheumatic disorders. The drop-out rate was 7.5%. Cross-cultural evidence of the validity of the SIP was obtained in this study. Test-retest reliability was substantial. A high level of validity of the Swedish version was demonstrated, as assessed by hypothesized significant relationships with selected functional, psychological, and social correlates. The profile was able to describe the various sickness impacts in a specific and sensitive manner. In the epidemiological setting, the subscales representing Ambulation, Body care and movement, Emotional behaviour, Social interaction, Sleep and rest, Home management and Recreation and pastimes, all showed discriminatory capacity. The categories Mobility, Alertness behaviour, Communication, Work, and Eating discriminated less well. The response pattern was recognizably related to rheumatic complaints, emphasizing a broader applicability of this scale in rheumatology. PMID- 3489291 TI - A new approach to the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. AB - The adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in interleukin-2 (IL-2) to mice bearing micrometastases from various types of tumors showed that TIL are 50 to 100 times more effective in their therapeutic potency than are lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Therefore the use of TIL was explored for the treatment of mice with large pulmonary and hepatic metastatic tumors that do not respond to LAK cell therapy. Although treatment of animals with TIL alone or cyclophosphamide alone had little impact, these two modalities together mediated the elimination of large metastatic cancer deposits in the liver and lung. The combination of TIL and cyclophosphamide was further potentiated by the simultaneous administration of IL-2. With the combination of cyclophosphamide, TIL, and IL-2, 100% of mice (n = 12) bearing the MC-38 colon adenocarcinoma were cured of advanced hepatic metastases, and up to 50% of mice were cured of advanced pulmonary metastases. Techniques have been developed to isolate TIL from human tumors. These experiments provide a rationale for the use of TIL in the treatment of humans with advanced cancer. PMID- 3489292 TI - A computer program for oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy records. PMID- 3489293 TI - Gallium accumulation in early pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infection. AB - The accumulation of gallium 67 citrate in pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii is well known. The sensitivity of gallium uptake in detecting early inflammatory processes, even when conventional roentgenograms are normal, would seem to make it possible in immunocompromised patients to make a presumptive diagnosis of this serious infection early in its course without using invasive techniques to demonstrate the organism. However, the presence of gallium uptake in radiation pneumonitis, pulmonary drug toxicity, and other processes that also occur in this group limit its usefulness. In our two patients--a young woman with Hodgkin's disease and an elderly woman with small cell lung cancer--this technique proved helpful. Although the latter patient was successfully treated empirically, such empiric treatment should be reserved for patients unable or unwilling to undergo invasive tests. Pulmonary gallium uptake in patients with respiratory symptoms, even with a normal chest film, should prompt attempts to directly demonstrate the organism. PMID- 3489295 TI - [Prognosis of the course of nonspecific lung diseases and possibilities of their immuno-correction]. PMID- 3489294 TI - Alcoholics in psychiatric institutions. A nationwide Danish follow-up. PMID- 3489296 TI - [Morphologic/immunologic phenotype discrepancy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3489297 TI - [Dental care habits, cariologic and periodontal status among adults in Lulea--a cross-sectional study]. PMID- 3489299 TI - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 3489298 TI - Value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Seventy five patients with pulmonary disease and suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Of 54 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 53 (98%) were diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage. Complications were recorded in 12 instances and included pneumothorax in two and transient increase in fever and hypoxaemia in the remainder. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a safe, easy, and effective procedure for diagnosing pneumocystis pneumonia in patients at high risk of AIDS and should be done routinely when fibreoptic bronchoscopy is performed in such patients. PMID- 3489301 TI - DR4 and susceptibility to type I diabetes mellitus: discrimination of high risk and low risk DR4 haplotypes on the basis of TA10 typing. AB - DR4 related serological heterogeneity differences between type I diabetic and normal individuals previously observed appear to be due to differences in the DQ subregion. An Australasian sera study has identified two subsets of DQw3, the DQ allele in linkage disequilibrium with DR4, one of which (DQw3S) is present in 95.2% of diabetic DR4 compared with 58.1% of normal DR4 individuals (p less than 0.0005). The DQw3 subset showing a negative association with diabetes, DQw3L, appears to be closely related to or identical to TA10 a DQ subregion product previously described and studied in the 9th International Workshop. Analysis of the Workshop data showed a strong association of TA10- in type I diabetic DR4 individuals (93.5% v 69.1% in DR4 + normals) (p less than 0.0005). B44 appears to show an association with the presence of TA10 in DR4 positive individuals. This observation is suggestive of positive linkage disequilibrium and may explain the decreased frequency of the B44-DR4 haplotype in type I diabetes. PMID- 3489300 TI - Immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis in Israel. AB - In an attempt to study the variation of associations between HLA and rheumatoid disease a population of 44 Ashkenazi and 29 non-Ashkenazi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis were tested for HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens and compared with the relevant control groups. In contrast to the results obtained in Middle European or North American Caucasians, Rheumatoid Arthritis in Israel is not associated with B15 and Cw3, indicating that it is very unlikely that B- and C locus antigens are involved in coding for disease susceptibility for RA. The allele DR4 which is found associated with RA in almost all populations tested so far was in the total patient group (47.9%) slightly but not significantly more frequent than in the control group (38.3%). This difference was entirely due to a nonsignificant increase in the frequency of DR4 in the Ashkenazi patients (54.5%) compared to controls (40%), while the frequency of DR4 in non-Ashkenazi patients and controls was virtually identical (38.0% vs 36.7%). Another surprising finding was that the frequency of HLA-DR1, which has been reported to be increased in different populations of patients with RA was found to be completely normal in the present study on Israeli patients. The alleles of the Bf and the GLO system did not show any significant difference between patients and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489302 TI - Suicide mortality in Japan: analysis of the unusual secular trends. AB - To investigate unusual secular trends in suicide rate in Japan since the Second World War, the cause-specific mortality by sex and age during the period 1950-82 was analyzed. The results indicated that: suicide death rates due to two causes, i.e., poisoning by solid and liquid substances and run over by train and other means, for young persons increased remarkably in the mid 1950s; and the rates due to most causes for middle-aged men continued to increase during the period of economic depression following the oil crisis in 1973. The effects of availability of suicide methods and changes in economy on suicide death rate are discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 3489303 TI - Tumor-like massive thymic hyperplasia in childhood: a possible defect of T-cell maturation, histological and cytoenzymatic studies of three cases. AB - Contrary to the transitory, enlarged thymic shadow commonly observed in babies, tumor-like Massive Thymic Hyperplasia (MTH) is seldom encountered in infancy and even more rarely in children over 4 years. We present three cases of MTH affecting 10, 5 and 11 years old girls in whom the tremendous enlargement of the thymus (3 to 4 times the normal) led to consideration of a diagnosis of a genuine tumoral process and to either biopsy or surgical removal of the thymic mass. Optical histological examination showed a perfectly normal thymic tissue and indicated that MTH was linked with a simple and homogeneous hyperplasia of the lymphoid cells. Using the dot-like acid alpha-naphtyl acetate esterase (ANAE) as a marker of mature T cells, quantitative and comparative cytoenzymatic studies revealed a definite reduction of ANAE +, mature T cells in the cortical and medullary areas in MTH (p less than or equal to 0.001). These findings suggest that MTH represents an intrathymic accumulation of immature T cells, a condition which may express a failure of cell differentiation perhaps connected with some thymic hormonal insufficiency. PMID- 3489304 TI - Transplantation of the small bowel across MHC and non-MHC disparities in the rat. AB - Using congenic strains of rats, the effect on the rejection of small bowel transplants across isolated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and nonMHC antigenic disparities was examined. The medial survival time of small bowel grafts across MHC differences in the LEW anti-LEW.1N and LEW.1N anti-LEW strain combinations was 14 and 12 days, respectively. The median survival time across the nonMHC antigenic difference in the BN anti-DA.1N strain combination was 20 days, which was significantly longer than the rejection time across the MHC differences (P less than 0.005). Both hemagglutinating and cytotoxic antibodies were produced in all three strain combinations, but the magnitude of the response varied considerably and did not correlate with the time of rejection. In the case of MHC differences, the antibody was directed against both class I and class II antigens, and with the nonMHC difference, the greatest response was directed against the major blood group antigen RT2. PMID- 3489306 TI - [Unemployment among patients admitted to a psychiatric department]. PMID- 3489305 TI - [Microscopic organization of epithelial endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa in lower vertebrates. II. Epithelial endocrine cells of the duodenum of the common frog]. AB - The endocrine epithelium cells of the frog duodenum mucosa were studied using light and electron microscopy. In the intestinal epithelium endocrine cells are distributed among enterocytes all over the surface of mucosa. The greatest quantity of them is observed in the intestinal part in the proximity of the stomach. Six types of endocrine cells are identified on the basis of their granular structure and size. Some differentiation in submicroscopic organization of endocrine cells depending on their functional condition is defined. PMID- 3489307 TI - Autoradiographic and cytochemical localization of androgen in human prostatic cancer cell lines. AB - For basic studies of receptor dynamics in androgen-responsive tissues and cells, the autoradiographic and cytochemical procedures were applied to cultured tumor cells (DU-145 and PC-3). Uptake and retention of 3H-R1881, a potent synthetic androgen, were observed in DU-145 cells. The radioactive labelling was intense, and solely confined to the nuclei of DU-145 cells. Radioactivity over PC-3 cells was minimal. For assessing binding specificity, DU-145 cells were incubated with 3H-R1881 in the presence or absence of either unlabelled R1881, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, or corticosterone. The displacement of 3H-R1881 with R1881 and testosterone was significant, while no displacement was observed with other steroids. Nuclear localization of cytochemical staining of the dihydrotestosterone-peroxidase conjugate was evident in DU-145 cells. Our results indicate that androgen receptor may reside primarily in target cell nuclei of androgen-responsive tissues and tumors. PMID- 3489308 TI - [Nystagmic component of vestibular reactions in the diagnosis of pathology of the vestibular analyzer]. PMID- 3489309 TI - [Detection of subclinical signs of vestibular dysfunction]. PMID- 3489310 TI - [Differential approach to restoring motor function of the intestines in peritonitis]. AB - The authors have made a comparative estimation of the effectiveness of different methods of treatment of 330 patients with peritonitis with special reference to subdivision of motor disorders into 4 stages (compensated, subcompensated, decompensated stages and enteroplegia). It was established that sympatholytic drugs and continuous peridural anesthesia were effective in the compensated stage. Continuous intubation of the gastro-intestinal tract with the help of a rigid probe ensuring decompression in the postoperative period was the operation of choice in decompensated disturbances of the motor-evacuatory function. PMID- 3489311 TI - [Immunological disorders in testicular torsion in children]. PMID- 3489313 TI - [Delafois disease--a rare cause of recurrent gastric hemorrhages]. PMID- 3489312 TI - [Role of anesthesia in the development of postoperative infectious complications in thoracic oncological surgery]. AB - Clinical analysis of incidence and degree of postoperative infectious complications was made in 140 patients subjected to operations on the lungs for cancer. The analysis has shown that in the group of patients operated upon under conditions of combined halothane anesthesia, the incidence and degree of postoperative infectious complications (suppuration of wounds, pneumonia in the other lung, empyema of the pleura) were considerably higher than in the group of patients operated on under conditions of neuroleptoanesthesia. The incidence of infectious complications was also higher in patients operated upon after preoperative irradiation. Mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of general halothane anesthesia are discussed. PMID- 3489314 TI - Inhibition of cleavage of Moloney murine leukemia virus gag and env coded precursor polyproteins by cerulenin. AB - Cerulenin, an inhibitor of de novo fatty acid (and cholesterol) biosynthesis, has been shown to significantly decrease (greater than 75%) the amount of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) released into the culture medium of chronically infected mouse fibroblasts (I. Katoh, Y. Yoshinaka, and R.B. Luftig, 1986, Virus Res., in press). In order to clarify the mechanism by which this decrease in virus production occurs, we analyzed the kinetics of gag and env coded protein synthesis in M-MuLV infected, cerulenin-treated cells by immunoprecipitation with monospecific antisera to p30, p12, p10, gp70, and p15(E). We found that in pulse (15 min-2 hr)-chase (0-4 hr) experiments the cleavage of not only Pr65gag to p30 and other gag coded proteins but Pr80env to gp70 and Pr15(E) as well, was greatly reduced by cerulenin treatment. Further, since the total amount of label in the Pr65gag and Pr80env bands remained about the same or was slightly decreased in 2 hr pulsed, cerulenin-treated cells, this suggests that cerulenin decreases virus production, in part, by inhibiting the cleavage of both precursor gag and env coded polyproteins during virus assembly and budding at the cell membrane. We also observed that at longer chase periods (4 hr), the effect of cerulenin could be partially overriden in that minor amounts of cleaved gag and env coded polyproteins were produced and assembled into virion particles. However, these particles contained abnormally large amounts of the uncleaved precursor Pr65gag, suggesting that maturation was incomplete. The above results suggest two independent, but not exclusive, possible mechanisms of cerulenin action to block M-MuLV production, viz. cerulenin decreases the pool of fatty acids, thereby inhibiting fatty acid acylation of Pr65gag, as well as Pr80env, and thus preventing the interaction between gag (the p15 antigenic determinant on Pr65gag) and env [the p15(E) antigenic determinant of Pr15(E)] coded gene products at the cell membrane needed for efficient virus assembly (M. Satake and R. B. Luftig, 1983, Virology 124, 259-273), and cerulenin inhibits one or more proteolytic enzymes responsible for the cleavage of Pr65gag and Pr80env. PMID- 3489315 TI - [Status of immunity in patients with the infection-dependent form of bronchial asthma during short-term adaptation to high-altitude conditions]. PMID- 3489316 TI - [Effect of a galvanic current on pulmonary surfactant status and blood lipid composition in experimental inflammation of the lungs]. PMID- 3489317 TI - [Physical factors in the treatment of postoperative cystitis in children]. PMID- 3489319 TI - [Activity of proteinases and their inhibitors in the sputum of patients with chronic dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 3489318 TI - [Comparative efficacy of treatment of fractures of the lower jaw using laser puncture, ultra-high frequency and methyluracil ointment phonophoresis]. PMID- 3489320 TI - Fluorescein angioscopy in occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3489321 TI - Intravenous marijuana syndrome. PMID- 3489322 TI - [Selective IgA deficiency in blood donors]. PMID- 3489323 TI - [Acute loss of vestibular function: an emergency for patient and physician]. AB - The dramatic symptomatology of sudden loss of vestibular function alarms the patient and the physician who is consulted in an emergency situation. The continuous vertigo is often accompanied by marked autonomic symptomatology, so that heart and cerebral diseases as well as acute intoxication are often primarily diagnosed. The differential diagnosis, clinical features, course of the disease and treatment are presented in this study of 54 patients treated in our department between 1980 and 1985. Aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed on the basis of the literature. PMID- 3489325 TI - Effectiveness of the Expanded Programme on Immunization. PMID- 3489326 TI - [Differentiation between vestibular and nonvestibular vertigo]. PMID- 3489324 TI - Bone histomorphometry and serum bone gla-protein in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 3489327 TI - [Incidence of chronic bronchitis in foundry workers]. AB - A report about examinations of foundries' workers who live in the destrict Schwarzenberg is given. Hereby the prevalence of chronic bronchitis should be analyzed in comparison to nonexposed controls. In result 21.1% among foundries' workers and 10.2% among controls had symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The differences are significant. As expected it could be shown, that smoking habits and age are further factors for development of chronic bronchitis. Both the observance of occupational limit-values for dusts and other harmful materials at the work place, which have effects on the respiration system, and the medical survey of workers with the use of special methods for examination of respiratory system are necessary. In workers with findings of respiratory system the factory doctors and pulmonary physicians have to decide together the ability to work in the foundry. PMID- 3489328 TI - [Epidemiology of occupationally-induced degenerative damage of the locomotor system in East Germany]. PMID- 3489329 TI - [Hemorrhagic colitis as a sequela of a soap enema--case report]. AB - The case of a 45 year old man is reported who developed an acute hemorrhagic colitis after the administration of a soapsud enema. Clinical, laboratory, radiologic, endoscopic and histologic findings are presented and compared with reports from the literature. Differential diagnosis of soap colitis has to include ischemic and drug-induced colitis. Because of the possible complication soapsud enemas should not be used any longer in medical practice. PMID- 3489331 TI - [Experience with lateral electric surface stimulation in the treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis]. AB - Due to incorrect use of nomenclature, scolioses are incorrectly classified in the paper by Altekruse and Heine. The angle measurement is inaccurate and does not correspond to Cobb's measuring method. The accuracy of the scientific statement and its value can be derived from this. The results of treatment obtained by Altekruse and Heine were improvement in or standstill of the scoliosis in 80% of the cases and progression in over 17%. This corresponds to the "Natural History of Scoliosis:" 5 to 25% of juvenile scolioses (age 3 to 10 years according to Drummont) are progressive, the figure for adolescent scolioses being lower. Therefore, electrostimulation is used to 70-80% in cases requiring no treatment, where there is no progression, in which there are no structural changes or which should be classified as malposture, in which spontaneous remission usually occurs or which remain stationary. In scolioses of over 25 degrees, with proven progression and structural changes, and possibly also with positive family history, electrostimulation fails. As in almost all papers published to date, Altekruse and Heine's paper disregards the behavior of the sagittal curvature of the spine under electrostimulation. We demonstrate in two cases that electrostimulation can have a considerable pathologic effect, causing lordosis. Since, on the basis of recently adopted opinions, there is reason to believe that there is a causal connection between lordosis and the pathogenesis of scoliosis, it must be assumed that in such cases electrostimulation incites or aggravates the development of scoliosis or is at least potentially capable of doing so. At any rate, in the two cases in which it was demonstrated that electrostimulation caused lordosis, the scoliosis was significantly aggravated, so that in these cases at least it must be assumed that the method has a health-damaging effect. Electrostimulation is a cost factor which does not seem justifiable today, with economy an obligation. The cost of using it in a mere 100 cases would be sufficient to pay for proper screening of all the children in one school year in the Federal Republic. Children who are really at risk could be given effective treatment. In Sweden, this has resulted in 60% of the scoliosis operations previously required in populations of the same size no longer being necessary. PMID- 3489330 TI - Freeze-fracture studies on Pneumocystis carinii. I. Structural alteration of the pellicle during the development from trophozoite to cyst. AB - Pneumocystis carinii has generally been distinguished in three developmental stages, namely, trophozoite, precyst and cyst. The fine structure of the pellicle -the plasma membrane and the outer layer existing outside this plasma membrane- of each stage was studied by freeze-fracture technique. By this technique, P. carinii was cleaved through the cytoplasm or through the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane, and the cross-fractured face of the outer layer was revealed on the replicas. The outer layer, which is electron-dense in the thin section, consisted of numerous fine granules about 15 nm in diameter in freeze-fracture images, whereas the electron-lucent middle layer which appeared in the precyst and cyst was less granular. Measurement of the intramembranous particles (IMP) also was carried out. The number of IMP per square micrometer of the plasma membrane of the trophozoite was 1,512 +/- 125 on the P face and 417 +/- 44 on the E face. In the precyst, the IMP density decreased, and 1,037 +/- 56 on the P face and 262 +/- 22 on the E face. In the cyst, it further decreased, nd 875 +/- 59 and 150 +/- 20 respectively. It is generally assumed that the density of IMP is related to the physiological activity of the cell membrane, so that the present results obtained in P. carinii suggest that the trophozoite is the most active stage, and that metabolic activity of the pellicle gradually decreases with the progress of development to the precyst then to the cyst. PMID- 3489332 TI - [Effect of hexenal anesthesia and stress due to bronchoscopy on immunity indices in cancer and noncancer patients]. PMID- 3489333 TI - [Effect of ketamine anesthesia and stress due to bronchoscopy on immunity indices of cancer and noncancer patients]. PMID- 3489334 TI - [Epidemiological surveillance of scarlet fever, rheumatism and other manifestations of streptococcal infection]. PMID- 3489335 TI - Post-partum haemorrhage. PMID- 3489336 TI - Characterization of G6PD deficiency and thalassaemia in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3489337 TI - [Effect of the heterogeneity of persons vaccinated, with respect to the state of their immune system, on the intensity of the immune response]. AB - Prior to the immunization of children aged 3-7 years with parotitis vaccine the state of their immune system was evaluated by the determination of the concentration of IgM, IgG and IgA, the ratio and absolute numbers of T- and B lymphocytes, the intensity of the blast transformation of lymphocytes. This study revealed that the group of immunized children was essentially heterogeneous with respect to the state of their immune system: in 79.9% of the children all immunological characteristics were normal, in 20.1% of the children some deviations from the characteristics considered to be normal for their age (gammopathy, eosinophilia, the deficiency of T- and B-lymphocytes, a decrease in the intensity of their blast transformation, the leftward shift of the leukocytic formula) were noted. The intensity of humoral immune response in children with deviations from normal characteristics peculiar to their age was significantly lower than in children with normal immunological characteristics. On the basis of these results, the immunological rehabilitation of the risk group among the children to be immunized is recommended. PMID- 3489338 TI - [Assessment of the immune status of chronic bronchitis patients in the remission phase during prophylactic treatment with levamisole and staphylococcal vaccine]. AB - The work presents the results of the study of the immune status in 18 patients with chronic bronchitis at the stage of remission, subjected to prolonged prophylactic treatment with the inhalations of levamisole solution, and in 16 patients receiving the inhalations of staphylococcal vaccine. These results indicate that the inhalations of levamisole have proved to be more effective than the inhalations of staphylococcal vaccine. In patients treated with levamisole an essential decrease in the ratio of theophylline-resistant to theophylline sensitive E-rosette-forming lymphocytes has been noted. The determination of the sensitivity of lymphocytes and neutrophils to incubation with levamisole by means of the rosette-formation test makes it possible to prognosticate, taking into account the initial level of spontaneous E-rosette formation of these cells, the effectiveness of the prophylactic treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. The determination of the sensitivity of the cells to incubation with staphylococcal toxoid is ineffective for the prognostication of the result of the treatment of such patients with staphylococcal vaccine. PMID- 3489340 TI - [Characteristics of lesions of the nervous system in rheumatic diseases]. AB - The article presents quantitative parameters of the dynamics of nervous system lesions in each of rheumatic diseases. Original interpretation of the clinico morphological deviations is offered. PMID- 3489339 TI - [Sensitizing properties of soluble Haemophilus influenzae antigens]. AB - The sensitizing properties of different doses of the antigenic preparation obtained from H. influenzae by ultrasonic treatment have been studied. Small doses of the antigen have been found to induce immunoallergic transformations of type IV in sensitized guinea pigs. A considerable increase in the sensitizing dose of the antigen has been found to lead to the appearance of allergic reactions of type I. The regularities of the development of allergy to H. influenzae are discussed. PMID- 3489341 TI - [Fever]. PMID- 3489342 TI - Presence of oestrogen receptors in human blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes. AB - We studied oestrogen binding sites in blood mononuclear cells from healthy blood donors, patients with leukaemia or systemic lupus erythematosus, and in thymocytes, using the dextran-coated charcoal assay and Scatchard analysis of binding data. Using 3H-labelled oestradiol as ligand, inaccurate results were obtained which could be related to the low amounts of binding sites. Using 125I labelled ligand, saturable oestradiol binding sites could be demonstrated in low amount (mean value 2.1 fmol/mg of cytosolic protein) and high affinity (mean Kd value 0.26 nM; mean Ka value 3.85 X 10(9) M-1). The binding could be inhibited by unlabelled oestradiol but not with oestrone, dihydrotestosterone, cortisol and the progestin-receptor ligand Org 2058. We conclude that blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes contain true oestrogen receptors. This conclusion supports current hypotheses on the involvement of such receptors in oestrogen-mediated modulation of the immune system. PMID- 3489344 TI - Heritability estimation from concordant twin pairs alone. AB - Heritability estimation is possible from concordant twin pairs alone, based on the proportion of like-sexed pairs among all concordant affected pairs. The method is limited to conditions found in both sexes in the prevalence range 0.1% to 10%, and a relatively large population size is required to give an adequate sample of twin pairs. However, the method has the considerable advantage that zygosity determination is not required and that any bias due to incomplete diagnosis/ascertainment is likely to be small. The method is particularly suited to diseases where registration is obligatory and computerised so that the register can be scanned for pairs of individuals with the same date of birth, place of birth and birth surname. PMID- 3489343 TI - Reduced urinary epidermal growth factor levels in Snell dwarf mutant mice. AB - Because of findings implicating thyroid and growth hormones in the regulation of urinary EGF concentration, we determined urine and kidney EGF concentrations and relative kidney weights in both sexes of 8 weeks old dwarf mutant mice of the Snell strain and their normal littermates. Both male and female dwarfs had subnormal urine and kidney EGF concentrations. A female greater than male sex difference in both concentrations was present in the normal mice, but not in the dwarfs. The male greater than female sex difference in relative kidney weight, which has been demonstrated in normal mice of the Swiss-Webster strain, was not present in the normal or dwarf Snell mice. PMID- 3489345 TI - Lactoferrin, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin and immunoglobulin GA in cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid measurements of lactoferrin and alpha-1-antitrypsin showed significant elevation in bacterial meningitis in children. 8 of 10 lactoferrin values and 6 of 11 alpha-1-antitrypsin values were above the upper range of controls. Both proteins correlated well with the total number of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. C-reactive protein, measured by either agglutination or radial immunodiffusion in the cerebrospinal fluid, failed to demonstrate any usefulness in diagnosing bacterial meningitis. Neither elevated serum C-reactive protein in cases of bacterial meningitis, nor sepsis, gave detectable concentrations of C-reactive protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3489346 TI - Islet cell and other organ-specific autoantibodies in healthy first-degree relatives to insulin-dependent. AB - The presence of organ-specific autoantibodies including islet cell surface, cytoplasmic and cytotoxic as well as thyroid-gastric antibodies were determined in healthy, non-diabetic, first-degree relatives to 30 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) children. Thirty healthy families without family-history of diabetes mellitus served as controls. The prevalence of organ-specific autoantibodies among the healthy members in the diabetic families was increased compared to the control families (p less than 0.005). Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies were only detected in diabetes families, since 23% (7/30) of the probands and 7% (2/31) of the siblings were positive and all others negative. Organ-specific autoantibodies were associated with HLA DR3 only in the diabetes families (p less than 0.025) while autoantibody positive members in the control families were associated with HLA B7 (p less than 0.01). This study suggests that childhood IDDM occurs in families with an increased prevalence of organ-specific autoantibodies. PMID- 3489347 TI - Blood pressure in puberty. AB - The effects of sexual maturation, height, weight, body mass index, triceps skinfold and heart rate on systolic and diastolic blood pressure were studied among 13-year-old children in North Karelia, Eastern Finland. Cross-sectional and two-year longitudinal data were analyzed for 851 children in the six schools participating in the North Karelia Youth Project. In boys, the levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased during puberty. In girls, the level of systolic blood pressure did not change, but diastolic blood pressure increased as much as in boys. The change in systolic blood pressure was found to be associated with physical growth and stage of sexual maturation. Physical growth seemed to contribute more to the change in the level of systolic blood pressure than the stage of sexual maturation did. PMID- 3489348 TI - Improvement of defective bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by isoniazide in a case of chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 3489349 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the mesencephalic nucleus. A neuropathological study. AB - The ganglion Gasseri and the brainstem were examined in three old patients with herpes zoster without predisposing diseases with special reference to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. The primary lesions in the semilunar ganglion vary with the length of the course. Secondary changes in the brainstem were as expected from pons to the second cervical segment of the cord. Besides, we observed degeneration, inflammation and glial nodules in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in two patients. According to Brodal this nucleus presumably corresponds to the semilunar and spinal ganglia. As herpes zoster virus is prone to attack the sensory nuclei our findings support this hypothesis. PMID- 3489350 TI - The beta-lactamase stability and in vitro activity of cefotetan; a comparison with 8 other beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin. AB - The antibacterial activity of cefotetan, 8 other beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin, was tested in vitro on 288 recently isolated bacteria. The activity of cefotetan was generally higher than the 2.generation cephalosporin cefuroxime and lower than the 3.generation cephalosporins tested. In addition, cefotetan was shown to have some antibacterial activity against anaerobic bacteria. Cefotetan is a cephamycin and was found resistant to all 14 plasmid-mediated and 2 chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. With its beta-lactamase resistance and antibacterial activity, cefotetan seems to be a "second-generation-like" cephalosporin, almost with 3.generation cephalosporin antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 3489351 TI - Discoupling of excitation-contraction processes by urea treatment of frog skeletal muscle. AB - On exposure (E) of frog semitendinosus muscle to 400 mmol/l urea (U) in sodium chloride Ringer's solution, the tension development to isoK+ solutions decreased, while in choline chloride Ringer it increased. On quick removal (R) of urea, always a block of excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling occurred accompanied by transient or persistent swelling of fibres and a similar but definite decrease of their resting membrane potential (Fig. 2). Muscle contraction could be elicited by caffeine even after UER-treatment but then only the slow tension increase (second phase of normal caffeine contraction) occurred (Fig. 3a). The fast tension increase to caffeine (first phase) could be restored if after UER treatment 5 mmol/l mannitol (Fig. 3b), a 20 min treatment with choline chloride (Fig. 4a) or sodium isethionate (Fig. 4b) Ringer's solution of double osmolarity were applied. Caffeine contraction could not be elicited when sodium chloride Ringer's solution of double osmolarity was used under similar conditions (Fig. 5). E-C block to isoK+ solution persisted in all these experiments. E-C coupling could partially be restored by short treatment of muscle with caffeine (Figs 6a, b). PMID- 3489352 TI - Effect of short interstimulus intervals on the intra- and extracellular action potentials of isolated frog muscle fibres. AB - The changes in the time and space derivatives of the intracellular action potentials of isolated frog muscle fibers immersed in hypertonic sucrose-Ringer's solution were studied using paired stimulation with different interstimulus intervals. The peak-to-peak amplitude and the amplitudes of the separate phases of delta V/delta t and delta 2V/delta t2 decreased at intervals shorter than 10.25 ms as the duration of the phases lengthened. The velocity of spreading decreased at intervals below 7-10 ms and increased at longer intervals up to 40 100 ms. The peak-to-peak amplitude and the amplitudes of the separate phases of delta V/delta x and delta 2V/delta x2 decreased at intervals below 40-100 ms. The length of the separate phases of the space derivatives was almost constant. The extracellular action potentials near the membrane were similar to delta 2V/delta x2. When changing the interstimulus intervals the amplitude of the potentials recorded at different radial distances changed almost proportionally. In normal Ringer's solution the extracellular action potentials at different radial distances also changed almost proportionally depending on the intervals. They decreased at the shortest intervals and increased above the level measured at single stimuli for intervals longer than 7-10 ms, but shorter than 40-100 ms. PMID- 3489353 TI - Decreasing first-admission rates of schizophrenia among males in Denmark from 1970 to 1984. Changing diagnostic patterns? AB - The first-admission diagnoses of schizophrenia in males aged 15 years and over for the 15-year interval 1970-84, based on annual reports from the Danish Psychiatric Register, showed a highly significant decrease from 12.6 to 8.5 per 100,000, amounting to 37% by regression analysis. The decrease is almost entirely caused by the age group 15-24 years, in which the incidence fell from 30.7 to 14.6 per 100,000. During the same period a remarkable increase in the corresponding first-admission rates of "borderline states" (ICD-8: 301.83, Danish version) and paranoid and unspecified psychoses (ICD-8: 297, 298.9, and 299) was observed, particularly for the age groups 15-24 and 25-34 years. Changes in diagnostic habits accounting for the decreasing schizophrenia incidence among males are discussed. PMID- 3489354 TI - Blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with primary intracranial tumours. Correlation to histological tumour type and anatomical site. AB - The blood lymphocyte population of 118 patients with primary intracranial tumours and healthy volunteers was examined with respect to its size and cellular composition using various rosette tests. The patients had not undergone any surgical intervention or received any treatment with ionizing irradiation or cytotoxic drugs. However, some of them were treated with corticosteroids. It was observed that non-steroid treated patients with oligodendrogliomas, but not patients with other histological types of tumours, had a significantly reduced proportion of "active" T-lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (a type of T-lymphocyte which is activated by foetal calf serum). These patients as well as those with astrocytomas, malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas) or miscellaneous tumours (mainly meningiomas) had normal proportions of lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc-part of IgG or C'3 and cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes under more conventional conditions. Patients who were treated with corticosteroids had an increased frequency of lymphocytes with the above Fc-receptor. An association between site of the lesions and cellular composition of the blood lymphocyte population was not detected. The results give further support for the view that the immunological system may be changed in patients with oligodendrogliomas. PMID- 3489356 TI - Craniopharyngioma in Finland. A study of 123 cases. AB - We report on 123 patients with craniopharyngioma diagnosed in Finland from 1951 to 1982. 45 patients were under 16 years of age at the time of diagnosis and 78 over 16 years. The age-distribution had peaks at 11-20 years and at 41-50 years. 115 patients were operated on; operation was radical in 67 cases (58%). Surgical mortality was 13%. The number of radical operations increased and surgical mortality decreased after 1970. Recurrence developed in 26 patients (21%), 11 after a radical and 15 after a non-radical operation. Recurrence-free survival, 10-year survival and life expectancy were best after radical operation. We consider that radical operation is the best treatment. For patients with a non radical operation or with recurrence modern radiotherapy gives long-lasting relief. PMID- 3489357 TI - The elderly alcoholic: some current dimensions. AB - Elderly alcoholics represent an increasing number of older Americans caught in the trappings of epidemiologic and treatment problems. This paper reviews some current dimensions along both problems in light of the unresolved statistics of addiction. Reductions in the federal budget and public services lend contrast to the proportion of cases associated with socioeconomic distress, and mental illness. In the second part on treatment considerations, advances in behavioral pharmacology and behavioral psychotherapy are briefly discussed. The holistic models of behavioral medicine and field-integrative therapy are indicated as possible directives for a multicausal assessment and community intervention. PMID- 3489355 TI - Pathophysiological mechanisms of intraoperative and postoperative hearing deficits in cerebellopontine angle surgery: an experimental study. AB - Pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for intraoperative and postoperative hearing deficits associated with cerebellopontine (CP) angle operations were explored experimentally in dogs. The CP angle operative manipulations performed were the same as those experienced by human patients, and auditory evoked potentials were monitored intraoperatively. As a result of the operative manipulations, petechial or confluent hemorrhages occurred at the compressed portions of the cochlear nerve, and intravascular clots were often observed. Disintegration of the nerve fibers was verified by ultrastructural examination. Moreover, rupture of the microvasculature within the cochlear nerve occurred at locations remote from the operative site, due to stretching of the nerve trunk. The Obersteiner-Redlich zone, the Schwann-glial junction of the cochlear nerve, was a locus minoris resistentiae in CP angle surgery; the vasa nervorum easily bled at this zone and the peripheral and central myelins easily separated at their junctional zones ("central" avulsion injury). Intracochlear hemorrhages were identified as the most probable cause of the sudden loss of all components of the auditory evoked potentials, a frequent predictor of postoperative hearing loss, although rupture, occlusion, or vasospasm of the main trunk of the internal auditory artery have also been implicated as possible causes of such hearing losses. The results of this study show that hearing preservation is highly dependent on preserving not only the nerve at the operative site but also the remote O-R zone and intracochlear structures. PMID- 3489358 TI - Pyrazolones and analgesic asthma syndrome. AB - Many peripherally acting analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, including pyrazolone derivatives, can precipitate idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reactions in intrinsic asthmatics. This contribution focuses on the symptomatology, diagnosis, and therapy ('desensitization') in childhood and adult analgesic asthma syndrome. PMID- 3489359 TI - Adverse dermatological reactions to pyrazolones. AB - All analgesics can occasionally induce adverse skin reactions. Especially in the early period of pyrazolone therapy, a large variety of cutaneous manifestations were attributed to the use of these drugs. An updated analysis is attempted. PMID- 3489360 TI - Pyrazolone drugs in outpatient pain treatment. AB - Even today, pyrazolone drugs still play an essential role in outpatient pain treatment. Their applications and limitations are discussed from the point of view of the general practitioner treating outpatients. PMID- 3489361 TI - [Comparative studies among standard pseudoisochromatic plates. Part 2. Lanthony's new color test and Panel D-15 tests in various acquired color vision deficiencies]. PMID- 3489362 TI - [Lymphocyte subsets in sarcoid uveitis patients with and without systemic manifestations]. PMID- 3489363 TI - Mosaic oligemia simulating pulmonary infiltrates on CT. PMID- 3489364 TI - Thoracic venous anatomy. PMID- 3489365 TI - Screening mammography: referral practices of Los Angeles physicians. AB - The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends annual screening mammography for asymptomatic women over 50 years old. In a survey of attitudes and referral practices toward screening mammography, one-fifth (886) of the 4200 physicians queried returned a postage-paid questionnaire. Only 11% of respondents followed the ACS guidelines. Physicians under 40 years old, in group practice, or in surgical specialties were more apt to refer their patients for screening. The major deterrent to referral was the perceived high cost and low yield of screening. However, 80% of the physicians indicated they would refer patients over 50 who requested annual screening. Annual mammography screening is underused; greater efforts must be directed toward educating physicians and patients regarding its value and toward lowering its cost. PMID- 3489366 TI - Radiologic and manometric correlation in "nutcracker esophagus". AB - "Nutcracker esophagus" is a newly described esophageal motor disorder seen in some patients with chest pain and/or dysphagia and characterized manometrically by normal primary peristalsis with distal contractions of high amplitude. The radiographic and manometric examinations in 20 patients with nutcracker esophagus were correlated. Normal primary peristalsis was observed radiographically in 16 patients, and a nonspecific motor disorder was diagnosed in the remaining four patients. Mild-to-severe nonspecific tertiary activity was seen in about half of the patients, esophageal wall thickness was normal. It is concluded that nutcracker esophagus is primarily a manometric diagnosis made in the appropriate clinical setting, and that the radiographic findings are normal or nonspecific. PMID- 3489367 TI - Radiographic efficacy in gastric ulcer: comparison of single-contrast and multiphasic examinations. AB - The efficacies of single-contrast and multiphasic examinations of the stomach for gastric ulcer detection were compared in 90 patients with 102 gastric ulcers, and in a control group of 382 patients without gastric ulcer. Single-contrast and multiphasic sensitivities were 62% and 64%, respectively. Radiographic detection depended significantly on ulcer size: Only 24% of ulcers under 5 mm were detected, compared with 89% of ulcers 5 mm or larger. Radiographic specificities and positive predictive values were similar for both types of examination. Moderate variation of the sensitivities and specificities of the three radiologists was observed, with ranges of 53-69% and 90-98%, respectively. Results indicated that gastric ulcer detection is more related to ulcer size and to individual interpretive variations than to the type of examination. PMID- 3489368 TI - Radiologic findings of linear gastric erosions. AB - Long, linear, shallow barium collections were observed on the surface of the gastric rugae on barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract in 12 patients. These abnormalities have been confirmed endoscopically to represent long, continuous linear erosions of the gastric mucosa due to erosive gastritis. PMID- 3489369 TI - CT of appendicitis. AB - The CT findings of 38 consecutive patients with acute appendicitis are analyzed, described, and illustrated. CT showed intraabdominal disease in 92% of patients and made a specific diagnosis of appendicitis in 79% of cases. The most common CT findings were pericecal inflammation (68%), abscess (55%), calcified appendicolith (23%), and an abnormal appendix (18%). CT had a sensitivity similar to that of contrast enema examinations, but it correlated much better with the surgical findings in detecting the precise nature, extent, and location of the disease process. Normal CT does not exclude appendicitis, since mild forms without periappendiceal disease may escape detection. PMID- 3489370 TI - Hepatic hemangioma: dynamic bolus CT. AB - Forty-seven patients with 58 hepatic hemangiomas were studied prospectively with a dynamic bolus CT protocol (single-level or incremental scans) that included precontrast scans, rapid-sequence scanning during the IV bolus injection of 150 ml of 60% contrast agent, and delayed scans taken as long as 60 min after contrast. Three CT criteria are believed to be necessary to make a specific diagnosis of hemangioma: lesion with diminished attenuation on precontrast scan; peripheral contrast enhancement during the dynamic bolus phase of scanning; and complete isodense fill-in on delayed scans obtained up to 60 min after contrast. These CT criteria were seen in only 32 (55%) of 58 hemangiomas, making CT a relatively poor imaging technique for diagnosis. PMID- 3489371 TI - Bile-duct dilatation after laparotomy: a potential effect of intestinal hypomotility. AB - Dilatation of unobstructed extrahepatic bile ducts was observed in patients with conditions associated with intestinal hypomotility. For further investigation of this association, a prospective study was undertaken in which the common hepatic duct was measured in 15 patients before and 1 day after laparotomy, when all patients had postoperative paralytic ileus. A statistically significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the mean diameter of the hepatic duct was observed postoperatively. When compared with the preoperative measurement, the mean diameter of the duct almost doubled, from 3.3 to 5.9 mm. This phenomenon may be due to persistent contraction of the sphincter of Oddi that occurs when intestinal hypomotility eliminates the stimuli for cholecystokinin release. PMID- 3489372 TI - MRI of the bladder and prostate. PMID- 3489373 TI - Reversible renal fibromuscular dysplasia. PMID- 3489374 TI - Calcific tendinitis of the longus coli: diagnosis by CT. PMID- 3489375 TI - Inferior lumbar (Petit's) hernia. PMID- 3489377 TI - Minimal asymmetry of the brain: a normal variant. AB - Normal cerebral asymmetry, well-known to neuroradiologists, is not widely recognized by radiologists in general. In our review of CT brain scans, 31 of 300 patients with a negative neurologic examination and no history of birth injury, head trauma, or seizure had recognizable asymmetry of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. The right frontal horn and the right cerebral hemispheres were larger than the left twice as often as left were larger than right. The right frontal lobe was wider than the left in 44% of patients and extended as far anteriorly or more anteriorly than the left in 22% of patients. The right central hemispheric mass tended to be wider than the left, resulting in slight displacement of the pineal gland to the left, in approximately 45% of cases. The posterior end of the left Sylvian fissure projected farther posteriorly in 10% of the patients. Occipital petalia and a more posterior position of the calcified glomus of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle were both common on the left side of 56%. Earlier studies of the brain by other methods have also shown asymmetry. An awareness of these anatomic asymmetries in normal individuals should preclude the erroneous diagnosis of an atropic or mass lesion. PMID- 3489376 TI - Primary central nervous system lymphoma: CT and pathologic correlation. AB - CT findings of 15 patients with histologically proven primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma were reviewed with pathologic correlation in order to evaluate variable CT patterns. There were a total of 32 lesions. Of the 15 patients studied, seven had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), all diagnosed within the past 3 years. The CT observations of eight non-AIDS patients were consistent with findings reported previously. Most of the lymphomatous lesions were either hyper- or isodense, round or oval masses with homogeneous contrast enhancement and variable surrounding edema. Pathologic examination showed tightly packed preserved lymphoma cells without necrosis. In AIDS patients, rim or ring enhancement of lymphoma, indistinguishable from brain abscess, was frequently seen. Histologic examination consistently showed extensive tumor necrosis with preservation of viable tumor cells at the periphery. A third and infrequent CT pattern was multiple infiltrative nonnodular solid enhancement with extensive edema. Pathologic correlation showed infiltrating viable tumor cells without necrosis. The rim- or ring-enhancing brain lesion seen in AIDS patients can either be an abscess or a primary lymphoma; proper tissue collection is essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. PMID- 3489378 TI - Lumbar herniated disk disease and canal stenosis: prospective evaluation by surface coil MR, CT, and myelography. AB - Sixty patients with suspected lumbar herniated disk and/or canal stenosis were studied prospectively with surface coil MRI, CT, and/or myelography, and the results were compared with the surgically confirmed abnormality. Forty-eight patients had lumbar surgery at 62 levels. There were no negative explorations. Thirty-nine patients had a myelogram and CT. Thirty of the CTs were performed following the injection of metrizamide for myelography. Nine patients had a CT without intrathecal contrast material 1 to several days before the myelogram. Six patients had myelography only, and three patients had CT only. All studies were evaluated for the location and type of disease in a forced choice fashion. Independent of the surgically correlated levels, there was 86.8% agreement between the MR and CT studies in all patients at 151 levels and 87.2% agreement between MR and myelography at 218 levels. At the operative levels, there was 82.6% agreement between MR and surgical findings for both type and location of disease; 83% agreement between CT and surgical findings; and 71.8% agreement between myelography and surgical findings. There was 92.5% agreement when MR and CT were used jointly, and 89.4% agreement when CT and myelography were used jointly. The results of this study indicate that a technically adequate MR examination was equivalent to CT and myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar canal stenosis and herniated disk disease. CT and MR can be complementary studies, and surface coil MR can be viewed as an alternative to myelography. PMID- 3489380 TI - Cognitive and affective changes after myelography: a comparison of metrizamide and iohexol. AB - A battery of brief cognitive tests and a mood scale were administered to 42 patients before and after cervical myelography with either metrizamide (20 patients) or iohexol (22 patients). The patients receiving metrizamide experienced a deterioration in mood after myelography and a relatively greater decline in cognitive test performance than did those receiving iohexol. These two side effects tended to occur together in the metrizamide group, suggesting a common underlying cause; but there was no correlation between changes in mood and cognitive function after myelography with iohexol. These results suggest that metrizamide has a greater neurotoxic effect than iohexol. PMID- 3489381 TI - The anatomic basis of the pseudotumor of the nasal cavity. PMID- 3489379 TI - Cystic necrosis of the spinal cord in compressive cervical myelopathy: demonstration by iopamidol CT-myelography. AB - Seven consecutive patients with compressive cervical myelopathy were studied with standard water-soluble contrast myelography and immediate CT followed by delayed CT of the spinal canal at 10 to 12 hr. Every case demonstrated findings suggestive of necrosis and/or cavitation of the central portions of the spinal cord on the delayed CT study. Two types of abnormalities were visualized in the form of delayed collections of contrast media inside the cord: bilateral enhancement, a double-barreled "snake-eyes" appearance at or near the level of compression (consistent with central gray matter necrosis and/or cavitation- local syringomyelia ex-vacuo); and longitudinally oriented, "pencil-shaped" central enhancement of variable length distant from the level of compression (consistent either with an enlarged central canal--hydromyelia ex-vacuo--or with necrosis and/or cavitation extending craniad and caudad from the area of maximal compression and located in or near the anterior portion of the dorsal columns- distant syringomyelia ex-vacuo). These findings, supported by previous reports of autopsy specimens, may explain in part: the frequent discrepancy between the levels of maximal cervical compression and the variable neurologic signs; and the frequent lack of improvement in clinical signs after surgical decompression of the spinal cord at this late stage of the illness. We believe similar intramedullary lesions may be present in other cases of chronic compression of varying etiology at any location within the spinal cord. PMID- 3489382 TI - Imaging the pediatric liver: MRI and CT. AB - The livers of 27 children, 2 weeks to 16 years old, were examined with MRI and CT. Fourteen children had normal livers, 9 had focal liver disease, and 4 had diffuse liver disease. Normal intrahepatic venous anatomy was visualized more frequently with MRI than with CT, regardless of presence of disease, type of disease, or age. Focal hepatic lesions were either iso- or hypointense on relatively T1-weighted images and were hyperintense on T2-weighted images regardless of the pathology. In three cases, lesions seen with MRI were not detected with CT. In two other cases, CT was interpreted as equivocal or abnormal, but the liver was normal on MRI. MRI was superior to CT for evaluation of patency of the intrahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. Other than in cases of fatty infiltration, CT provided no information additional to MRI. MRI has the potential to replace CT as a technique for imaging the pediatric liver in many cases, especially for infants and young children. PMID- 3489383 TI - Interventional genitourinary radiology in children: a review of 61 procedures. AB - Forty-nine children underwent 61 interventional uroradiologic procedures. These included percutaneous nephrostomy, internal ureteral stenting, ureteral stricture dilatation, perirenal abscess drainage, and percutaneous removal of renal calculi. Of the 61 procedures, 60 (98%) were technically successful. Of the 60 successful procedures, 24 (40%) were considered "definitive," 33 (55%) favorably "altered the course," and 3 (5%) "failed" to have any beneficial effect. Technical success at minimal risk can be achieved in even the smallest patients by modifying equipment and by attending to the special needs of the pediatric patient. PMID- 3489384 TI - Enterocyst formation: a late complication of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 3489385 TI - Effect of chronicity of infection on the sensitivity of the In-111-labeled leukocyte scan. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronicity of infection on the sensitivity of In-111-labeled leukocyte scanning. A total of 332 scans on 290 patients were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnosis of infection was based on culture results and other laboratory data, autopsy findings, radiographic studies, and clinical course. Duration of infection at the time of scanning was determined by the date of onset of fever and symptoms, elevation of white cell count, positive cultures, and abnormal findings on radiographic studies. Sensitivity of leukocyte scanning was 90% for 69 patients who had infections for 0-14 days and 86% for 86 who had infections for 15 days or longer. This difference is not statistically significant. PMID- 3489386 TI - Utility of indium-111-labeled leukocyte imaging in acute acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 3489387 TI - False-positive thallium-201 parathyroid scan of the mediastinum in Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3489389 TI - A modified cope introducer set for rapid insertion of a safety wire. PMID- 3489388 TI - Percutaneous gastrostomy: applications in gastric carcinoma and gastroplasty stoma dilatation. PMID- 3489390 TI - The universal stent introducer: a simplified approach to antegrade ureteral stent insertion. PMID- 3489391 TI - Shearing of percutaneous nephrostomy catheter during indwelling ureteral stent placement. PMID- 3489392 TI - Short-term prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism by using a retrievable vena cava filter. PMID- 3489393 TI - Renografin-60 for urography: effect on serum electrolytes and proteins in adults. AB - A prospective study was done on 27 adults to assess the changes in serum electrolytes and proteins induced by bolus administration of 100 ml of the ionic contrast medium diatrizoate meglumine and sodium (Renografin-60) for IV urography. Statistically significant changes in serum sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, phosphate, total proteins, and albumin were shown at 5 min postinjection. The mean percentage decreases were sodium 2%, chloride 2%, potassium 9%, calcium 13%, bicarbonate 9%, phosphate 10%, and proteins 15%. A mean 3% increase in serum osmolality was observed. By 30 min, sodium and chloride levels had returned to baseline; potassium, calcium, and albumin values were incompletely recovered; bicarbonate was not significantly changed from 5 min; and phosphate values continued to decrease. An in vitro dialysis experiment in which different volumes of Renografin-60 were dialysed against an electrolyte solution (pseudoserum) produced a dilutional factor of 5 to render a given volume of the contrast isoosmotic with plasma. The observed changes from the baseline values of the electrolytes and proteins up to 10% are therefore assumed to be due to hemodilution resulting from movement of fluid from the extravascular to the intravascular compartment. This study confirms alterations in serum levels of several electrolytes after the use of ionic contrast media beyond simple hemodilution. Although these changes appear not to be clinically significant in this investigation, the alterations in potassium and calcium may contribute to arrhythmias, particularly when hypokalemia or hypocalcemia preexists. PMID- 3489394 TI - MRI of the spleen: normal appearance and findings in sickle-cell anemia. AB - The MRI appearance and characteristics of the normal and diseased spleen were prospectively evaluated using spin-echo imaging with a superconducting magnet operating at 0.35 T. Sixty normal patients and 13 patients with sickle-cell anemia involving the spleen were studied. The normal spleen was isointense or slightly more intense than liver at a repetition time of 0.5 sec. At a longer repetition time (TR 2.0 sec), the normal spleen was usually more intense than liver, becoming markedly hyperintense compared to liver on relatively T2-weighted images (TR 2.0 sec, TE 56 msec). All patients with sickle-cell anemia showed abnormally diminished signal intensity of the spleen. PMID- 3489395 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis in acute lymphocytic leukemia masquerading as hepatic, renal, and splenic microabscesses. PMID- 3489396 TI - The value of a worksheet in reporting body-CT examinations. PMID- 3489397 TI - Should we X-ray Halloween candy? PMID- 3489399 TI - Quadriplegia in diffuse-idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis after minor trauma. PMID- 3489398 TI - The diffusion of MRI in the United States: what is fact and what is speculation. PMID- 3489401 TI - Mammography and grids. PMID- 3489400 TI - Splenic hydatid cyst opening. PMID- 3489402 TI - Ear acupuncture for hypotonia in gastrointestinal examination. PMID- 3489403 TI - Previous coronary artery bypass grafting as an adverse prognostic factor in unstable angina pectoris. AB - Among 252 patients hospitalized for unstable angina in 1982 and 1983, 54 (21%) had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) a mean of 55 months earlier (range 1 to 168) (CABG patients). This group was compared with a group of 54 randomly selected patients with unstable angina without previous CABG (control patients). The 2 groups did not differ with respect to clinical characteristics at admission or hospital course. Coronary arteriograms, recorded in all but 4 CABG patients, revealed multivessel stenoses of at least 70% luminal diameter in 40 CABG and 32 control patients (p less than 0.05), but when patent grafts were considered, the groups were comparable. Overall, 48 of 112 grafts were totally occluded and 14 had stenoses at least 70% in diameter. Complete or almost complete revascularization was feasible in 39 of 52 control and only 9 of 42 CABG patients (p less than 0.001). By 1 year, 46 control patients and 20 CABG patients had undergone CABG or coronary angioplasty (p less than 0.001); 42 of 53 control patients and only 22 of 50 CABG patients were in functional class 0 or I (p less than 0.001). Cumulative adverse events (5 deaths, 10 myocardial infarctions and 15 cases of recurrent unstable angina) were more frequent in the CABG group, 20 vs 10 (p less than 0.05). Thus, although their clinical features and hospital course are similar, patients with unstable angina who have undergone previous CABG do not do as well as other patients with unstable angina because they are less amenable to revascularization. PMID- 3489404 TI - Effect of flecainide on regional left ventricular wall motion after acute intravenous, acute oral and chronic oral administration late after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Epicardial marker motion was measured in 14 patients before flecainide administration, immediately after an intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg over 15 minutes (maximum 150 mg) and 15 minutes thereafter. Platinum epicardial markers had been implanted more than 4 years earlier at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting. Maximal and minimal marker separation (Lmax and Lmin) during the cardiac cycle were measured and regional shortening fraction (Lmax - Lmin)/Lmax) was determined as a percentage. After intravenous flecainide, a significant increase in end-diastolic (immediately after 2.8%; after 15 minutes 2.1%) and end systolic (3.6% and 3.2%) regional dimensions was observed, together with a decrease in regional myocardial shortening (9.3% and 9.0%). One week later, after a single oral dose of 200 mg of flecainide, Lmax and Lmin had increased 2.4% and 2.7%, while regional myocardial shortening did not differ significantly from baseline values. In 10 patients measurements were repeated after 6 weeks of chronic oral treatment with 300 mg/day. Despite plasma flecainide levels similar to those after intravenous administration, no significant changes in end diastolic and end-systolic dimensions or regional shortening fraction were observed. Thus, acute intravenous or oral flecainide administration increases regional end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions, but only intravenous administration decreases regional shortening fraction. Values during chronic administration indicate that regional myocardial function is more affected at the time of rising or acutely changing flecainide plasma levels than when stable plasma levels are achieved. PMID- 3489405 TI - Factors predisposing to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT) is a common complication of coronary artery bypass grafting. Four hundred twenty-four cases of coronary artery bypass grafting were retrospectively reviewed and 64 patients (15%) were identified who had clinically significant SVT. Sixty randomly selected arrhythmia-free patients served as controls. The arrhythmia group differed from the control group in age (62 +/- 8 years vs 57 +/- 8 years p less than 0.0001), radiographic cardiomegaly (19 of 64 patients with arrhythmia vs 6 of 60 control subjects, p less than 0.01), and echocardiographic left atrial enlargement (16 of 38 vs 6 of 37 control subjects, p less than 0.025). No significant differences existed regarding sex of the patient, prior myocardial infarction, reduced ejection fraction, history of congestive heart failure, occurrence of perioperative myocardial infarction or pericarditis, or pump time. The relative risk of SVT developing in patients 60 years or older was 1.91; in patients 60 years or older with cardiomegaly, 2.39; in patients 60 years or older with left atrial enlargement, 3.29; and in patients 60 years or older with cardiomegaly and left atrial enlargement, 3.47. Thus, it may be possible to select patients at relatively higher risk of having SVT who could especially benefit from preventive measures. PMID- 3489406 TI - Rupture of an aortocoronary saphenous vein graft aneurysm. PMID- 3489407 TI - Sequential methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and calcium leucovorin in colorectal carcinoma. AB - Forty-four patients with locally recurrent or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma were treated with methotrexate (MTX) 100 mg/m2 i.v. followed 1 h later by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2 i.v. Calcium leucovorin 10 mg/m2 p.o. q 6 h X four doses was given 24 h after MTX. The regimen was given on days 1 and 8 and repeated every 28 days. Six of 44 patients (14%) obtained either complete or partial response with a mean response duration of 6.8 months. Of 26 previously untreated patients there were one complete response (4%), four partial responses (15%), and 12 (46%) instances of stabilization of disease. Patients obtaining response or stabilization of disease experienced improved survival compared to those with progressive disease. Toxicity consisted of stomatitis and hematopoietic suppression requiring dose attenuation in six patients (14%); there were no treatment-related deaths. Sequenced MTX/5-FU is modestly active with acceptable toxicity in previously untreated patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma but offers no apparent advantage over single-agent 5-FU. PMID- 3489408 TI - Adult celiac disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The association of primary biliary cirrhosis and adult celiac disease was observed in a female patient. Because of their clinical overlap the diagnosis of both conditions may be difficult especially in the early stage of their coexistence. The hypotheses regarding a common etiological link between celiac disease and primary biliary cirrhosis are discussed. PMID- 3489409 TI - Prevalence and severity of xerophthalmia in southern Malawi. AB - The first population-based study of xerophthalmia in Africa was conducted in the Lower Shire River Valley of Malawi in the autumn of 1983. A total of 5,436 children under six years of age were examined by three survey teams over an eight week period. The prevalence of active xerophthalmia was 3.9%. Rates for night blindness and active corneal disease were more than five times the World Health Organization criterion for a problem of public health importance. Xerophthalmic corneal scarring occurred at a rate of 5.9/1,000, more than 10 times the World Health Organization criterion. All cases of bilateral blindness in this age group were considered to be due to vitamin A deficiency. Given recent evidence from Asia linking even subclinical vitamin A deficiency to increased risk of mortality and morbidity, this disease is not only a leading cause of blindness in this area, but may have an important impact on child survival as well. PMID- 3489410 TI - The role of weight in the positive association between age and blood pressure. AB - This study used cross-sectional data for 19,704 white men and 13,895 white women from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry (November 1967 to January 1973) to investigate whether weight explains the association between age and blood pressure, and in particular, whether age is associated with blood pressure and hypertension in the absence of overweight. The relations among age, relative weight, and blood pressure were examined through assessment of mean blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension in 25 subgroups stratified by age (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years) and by relative weight (less than 100%, 100-109%, 110-119%, 120-134%, and greater than or equal to 135%). For all five relative weight groups, for both men and women, mean diastolic blood pressure was higher at successive ages. This phenomenon was also seen for systolic blood pressure after ages 35-44 years for men, and after ages 25-34 years for women. On the other hand, the higher the relative weight was, the higher the blood pressure was. Regression analysis demonstrated that the observed relation between age and blood pressure was consistent for all five relative weight groups, including those at desirable weight. These data indicate that for US subjects, age and blood pressure are generally associated in the absence of overweight. PMID- 3489411 TI - A proportional mortality ratio study of workers in a construction equipment and diesel engine manufacturing plant. AB - The mortality of 461 workers who were employed 10 or more years in a Midwest engine and construction equipment plant was examined, using the method of proportional mortality ratios. Both state and national deaths were used as the standard population. Major exposures in this plant included solvents, cutting oils, and metal fumes and dusts. However, precise exposure data were not available. Among white males, no significant deviations from expected deaths were found. Among black males, significant excess deaths were found for all malignant neoplasms combined, for cancer of the pancreas, and for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Proportional cancer mortality ratios produced similar results, although the excess of pancreatic cancer in blacks was only significant among those with 20 or more years of service. Although complete occupational histories were not available, these results may provide hypotheses for future studies of workers in heavy machinery production. PMID- 3489412 TI - AIDS beyond the hospital. 1. What we know about AIDS. PMID- 3489413 TI - Effect of barium on potassium transport in amphibian kidney. AB - We have examined the effect of barium on K excretion and transport in the perfused frog kidney. The transepithelial secretory flux of K was calculated from the rate of excretion of 42K from the portal circulation. Barium was applied to the basolateral surfaces of the tubules via the portal circulation. Barium (0.1 mM) increased fractional K excretion from 55 to 178% by stimulating the K secretory flux; 0.5 mM Ba increased fractional K excretion from 39 to 386% primarily by increasing the secretory flux greater than 10-fold. Tissue content increased 10%. When Ba was applied to both the apical and basolateral surfaces by perfusion of the arterial circulation, K excretion and secretion also increased. This same result was obtained when K secretion was first stimulated by acetazolamide. In another series of experiments, tubular cells were loaded with 42K via a pulse injection into the portal circulation, and simultaneous washout of the isotope into the urine and the venous effluent was measured. Analysis of the washout curves revealed that basolateral (portal) application of Ba inhibited efflux of K from the cells into the circulation, reduced the influx from the circulation, and stimulated efflux into the urine. We suggest that blockade of K channels in the basolateral membrane indirectly depolarizes the apical membrane and thereby increases the electrochemical gradient favoring K movement from cells to tubular fluid. When Ba is applied simultaneously to both tubular surfaces, the effect on the basolateral surface apparently overrides any direct effect it may have on K movement across the apical surface. Using 133Ba, we measured a very small transepithelial perfusate-to-tubular fluid flux. However, fractional Ba reabsorption averaged 19% when 0.5 mM Ba was present in the arterial perfusate. PMID- 3489414 TI - Microelectrode study of intracellular pH in frog skin: dependence on serosal chloride. AB - Replacement of external chloride has been known to reduce Na+ transport across whole frog skin. However, the sidedness and mechanism of the phenomenon have been unclear. In the present study, transepithelial current (IT), transepithelial resistance (RT), and basolateral membrane potential measured both with reference micropipettes (psi sc) and pH-selective microelectrodes (EscH) were monitored in isolated epithelial sheets from frog skin; removal of the underlying dermis facilitates ionic exchange across the basolateral membranes. The intracellular hydronium ion activity (acH) was 58 +/- 4 nM (means +/- SE) when the extracellular hydronium activity was 25 +/- 1 nM under base-line conditions. This measurement is equivalent to an intracellular pH (pHc) of 7.24 +/- 0.03 at an extracellular pH of 7.60 +/- 0.01, in reasonable agreement with estimates obtained by 31P- and 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of frog skin. Complete replacement of mucosal Cl- by gluconate had variable effects on tissue current and resistance from preparation to preparation. The same ionic substitution on the serosal side uniformly produced a prompt reversible decrease in IT, increase in RT, and a substantial membrane depolarization of the short circuited skins. In most of the preparations, the depolarization was preceded by a small hyperpolarization of 0.5-3.5 mV. The replacement of serosal Cl- also produced a fall in intracellular hydronium ion activity of 33 +/- 10 nM. The present date are consistent with the concept that serosal replacement of Cl- alkalinizes the cells by either favoring HCO3- entry or blocking HCO3- exit through a Cl- HCO3 antiport at the basolateral membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489415 TI - The emergency portacaval H graft in alcoholic cirrhotic patients: influence of shunt diameter on clinical outcome. AB - Emergency partial portal decompression was achieved with 8 or 10 mm portacaval H graft shunts combined with aggressive collateral ligation in 18 patients in whom bleeding esophageal varices could not be controlled medically. They were compared with 11 similar risk patients undergoing larger diameter portacaval H graft shunts (12 to 14 mm) for the same indications. Variables studied included 90 day operative mortality, hepatic encephalopathy rates, corrected portal pressure, and variceal re-bleeding. Operative mortality was similar in both groups and correlated strongly with Child's class. However, the incidence of portasystemic encephalopathy in survivors was significantly lower after partial decompression than after total decompression. No patient in either group rebled from varices. We conclude from our series of high risk alcoholic cirrhotic patients, that although mortality after partial and total portal decompression is similar, the lower incidence of encephalopathy in survivors suggests that partial decompression has advantages over total decompression when emergency control of variceal bleeding is necessary. PMID- 3489416 TI - Type II collagen-induced otospongiosis-like lesions in rats. AB - Otospongiosis-like lesions were induced in rats by immunizing them with type II collagen. After seven months' immunization, the rats were killed and processed for histologic study. We found otospongiotic lesions in the bony cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal, and in the regions near the oval window and round window. The spongiotic lesions in the otic capsules were similar to human otospongiosis and were characterized by the following types of microscopic appearances. 1) The classic type showed enlarged vascular spaces with congestion, macrophages, fibroblasts, and sometimes osteoclasts. 2) The fibrotic type showed vascular spaces filled with fibrous tissues. 3) The osteoporotic type had a porous appearance and was devoid of content. 4) The sclerotic type showed bone spaces partially or entirely being replaced by new bone with blue mantles and a mosaic appearance. Some spongiotic lesions showed a mixture of the above types. The findings suggest that this animal model may provide important information to help understand the process of human otosclerosis. PMID- 3489417 TI - Experimental perilymphatic fistula. AB - Perilymphatic fistula was produced in guinea pigs by injecting artificial perilymph into the subarachnoid space of the posterior fossa. Rupture of the round window was confirmed by direct observation of the round window membrane under a surgical microscope during the injection. The animals were either vitally fixed or kept alive for one to three months before fixation. Conventional celloidin embedding method was used for serial sectioning. In immediate observation, nine cochleas showed hydrops, seven showed collapse, and 20 of 36 cochleas showed no change. Changes in the vestibular apparatus varied, with collapse of the membranous vestibular labyrinth as the main change. Delayed observation revealed 16 normal cochleas and four collapses and no hydrops out of 20 ears. Of these 20, nine ears showed normal vestibular apparatus, nine collapse, and two saccule hydrops. Loss of the outer hair cells was observed in five of 20 cochleas. Marked compression of the organ of Corti was seen in both immediate and delayed observations. PMID- 3489419 TI - Infant mortality figures in Alabama: why the plateau? PMID- 3489418 TI - Direction-changing positional nystagmus: incidence and meaning. AB - Direction-changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) is a nystagmus that changes its direction with different body and head positions. Many authors consider that it indicates the presence of a central nervous system lesion. Of 1,196 patients whose abnormal electronystagmographic (ENG) traces were reviewed, 46 (3.8 per cent) showed DCPN. Of these, ten (22 per cent) had central neurologic diseases, 14 (30 per cent) had peripheral vestibular diseases, and for 22 (48 per cent) there was no definite clinical diagnosis. Nineteen patients (41 per cent) with DCPN had ENG findings suggesting a peripheral vestibular lesion, while only five (11 per cent) had ENG findings suggesting a central vestibular lesion. Four of 44 control subjects exhibited DCPN. Thus, the presence of DCPN does not necessarily indicate disease of the vestibular system and definitely does not localize the site of a lesion in the vestibular pathways, but more often indicates a peripheral vestibular site. As with spontaneous nystagmus, lack of suppression with fixation suggests a central lesion. PMID- 3489420 TI - Cancer in Alaskan natives: a 15-year summary. PMID- 3489422 TI - Ventilatory effects of propofol during induction of anaesthesia. Comparison with thiopentone. AB - The ventilatory effects of induction of anaesthesia with either propofol 2.5 mg/kg or thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg have been observed in patients premedicated with either atropine alone or papaveretum and hyoscine. Induction of anaesthesia with propofol was accompanied by a greater degree of ventilatory depression which was of longer duration than following thiopentone. The effect was accentuated by the opioid premedication. PMID- 3489421 TI - Iatrogenic hypotension. PMID- 3489424 TI - Effect of cimetidine on aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage in dogs. AB - Efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage was evaluated, using 4 groups of 6 dogs given: Group 1--controls; group 2-7.5 mg of cimetidine/kg of body weight every 8 hours; group 3-7.5 mg of cimetidine/kg every 8 hours and 35 mg of nonbuffered aspirin/kg every 8 hours; and group 4-35 mg of nonbuffered aspirin/kg every 8 hours. All medication was given orally for 10 days at the time of feeding a commercial dry food. The gastric mucosa was evaluated endoscopically before treatment, on treatment day 5, and 36 hours after the final treatment. The dogs were given halothane inhalation anesthesia and were evaluated, using a grading system. Total 24-hour fecal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured, using a quantitative fluorometric analysis for Hb derived porphyrins. Control dogs and dogs given cimetidine only had no endoscopically visible gastric lesions and no increase in fecal Hb concentration. All dogs given aspirin or aspirin and cimetidine had a similar marked increase in endoscopically visible gastric hemorrhage and marked increases in fecal Hb concentration; however, there was no significant (P = 0.48) difference between the 2 groups. Seemingly, cimetidine given at an oral dosage of 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours was not effective in preventing aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage in clinically normal dogs. PMID- 3489426 TI - [7th annual meeting of the Section on Pediatric Oncology of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics. Pamploma, 13-14 June 1985. Abstracts]. PMID- 3489423 TI - [Informational parameters of somatosensory evoked potentials during the development of reflex analgesia]. PMID- 3489427 TI - [Radiologic control of pulmonary tuberculosis with a planimeter]. AB - In a series of children with pulmonary tuberculosis, the size of the lesions seen in the roentgenological image of the lung has been measured during the treatment, confirming that such lesions may increase in size even though a clinical improvement, has been noticed. PMID- 3489425 TI - Surfactant phospholipids and lavage phospholipase A2 in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - The effect of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on surfactant phospholipids and lavage phospholipase A2 was investigated. Pneumocystis carinii infection was induced in adult rats by immunosuppression with dexamethasone administered in the drinking water (2 mg/L) for 6 to 8 wk. Surfactant phospholipids were isolated from lung lavage and lung tissue. Dexamethasone administration significantly increased total lung and lavage phospholipids in corticosteroid-treated animals receiving prophylaxis against P. carinii with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP SMZ) when compared with no treatment control animals. Lavage surfactant phospholipids from P. carinii-infected rats were 25% that of no treatment control rats and less than 10% that of corticosteroid control animals receiving TMP-SMZ. Phospholipid composition of lavage phospholipids was also altered in P. carinii pneumonia, with slight increase in the percentage of sphingomyelin and reduced percentage of total phosphatidylcholine. Postlavage tissue phospholipids of P. carinii-infected rats were 4 times that of no treatment control animals, although only about 50% that of corticosteroid control animals. There was no significant difference in lavage phospholipase A2 activity for the P. carinii-infected and corticosteroid control groups, although the enzyme activity was at least 4 times that of the no treatment control group. The surfactant changes were associated with abnormal excised lung pressure-volume curves and decreased deflation stability in the animals with P. carinii. These results indicate that the corticosteroids used in this model induce an increase in both lung surfactant phospholipids and phospholipase A2. Despite this increase in lavage phospholipids, P. carinii pneumonia in this model causes an alveolar surfactant phospholipid deficiency without significant increase in phospholipase A2 activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489428 TI - [Hepatic lesions caused by alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in childhood. Review of 14 cases]. AB - Fourteen cases of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are presented. All of them had a PIZZ phenotype except two in which a PIMZ phenotype was found. It must be pointed out that histological findings show a great variability among the different patients most of which did not have intracellular PAS-positive amylase inclusions in liver biopsy specimens. Clinical course did not correlate with either the age of onset of the disease or the phenotype found, thus indicating that other additional factors are involved in determining prognosis. We insist on the importance of a careful study of all neonatal hepatitis syndromes in order to rule out a alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 3489429 TI - Fansidar prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3489430 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for Pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3489431 TI - Polymorphisms of Pi, Hp, ADA and AK in Mongolian, Korean and Zhuang populations of China. AB - Three minority ethnic groups from China, Mongolian, Koreans, and Zhuangs were studied for the genetic markers AK, ADA, Hp, and Pi. AK was monomorphic in Koreans and Zhuangs. Significant differences were observed in the Hp system between Mongolians and Zhuangs. PMID- 3489433 TI - Membrane alkaline phosphatase activity: an enzymatic marker of B-cell activation. AB - The expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase (mAlPase) activity was studied on viable cells from mouse lymphoid organs. The low mAlPase activity level of ex vivo mouse spleen cells was markedly increased by in vitro culture in the presence of the direct B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase occurred nearly simultaneously with increased uptake of 3H-thymidine and an increased percentage of blasts in the culture. The T-cell-dependent B-cell pokeweed mitogen did not increase the mean level of mAlPase activity per cell, although there was an increase per culture. The T cell mitogen ConA did not cause an increase in mAlPase activity, although it was able to stimulate both cell proliferation and blast transformation. Several other mitogens and differentiating agents were tested, but did not detectably affect mAlPase expression. LPS high responder mouse strains C57BL/6 and CBA/J showed a higher LPS-induced mAlPase expression response to LPS than did LPS low responder strains BALB/c or CBA/N. These data suggest a preferential expression of mAlPase by stimulated cycling B cells. However, mAlPase expression appeared restricted to a subpopulation of cycling B cells and could not be elicited by every B-cell stimulus. PMID- 3489434 TI - The peptidic self model: a hypothesis on the molecular nature of the immunological self. AB - We propose that peptide presentation by class I and class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex is a general phenomenon. Peptides derived from the breakdown of most or all cellular proteins and able to associate with class I or class II antigens would be continuously presented at the surface of cells. The set of peptides exposed at the surface of somatic cells, called in short the "somatic self", would be under permanent immune surveillance. A protein would be recognized as "foreign" primarily because at least one of its presented peptides does not belong to the somatic self. We speculate that the same peptide presentation process operates within cells of the immune system, and we discuss some of the possible implications. Since this "peptidic self" model imposes strong constraints on primary structures, we have undertaken a preliminary analysis of several peptides with known immunological properties. We show that they all contain patterns of amino acids not found in the protein sequence data banks available at present for the relevant organisms, in agreement with the starting hypothesis. PMID- 3489432 TI - Antitrypsin and Gc polymorphisms in some populations of Congo: an unusual, highly frequent mutant, PIS, in Bateke and Babenga. AB - Four population samples from Congo (Beti and Bateke from Cuvette area, Bateke and Babenga from 'Pool' area) were typed for the electrophoretic mutants of protease inhibitor (PI) and group-specific component (Gc), as part of a general survey on the genetic structure of these ethnic groups. An unusual PI mutant (tentatively called PIS*) had a singularly high frequency in the Bateke and the Babenga. Data shown here will help in ascertaining whether genetic differentiation could exist in Congolese populations. PMID- 3489435 TI - Analysis of autoantibody reactivities in hybridoma collections derived from normal adult BALB/c mice. AB - Hybridoma collections were produced from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated adult BALB/c spleen cells, small resting spleen B cells and large activated spleen lymphocytes. The hybridomas were examined for production of immunoglobulins and of antibodies directed against a panel of self (actin, myosin, tubulin, DNA) and non-self antigens (myoglobin, spectrin, trinitrobenzene). From the 345 hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin, 68% did not react with any antigen of the panel, 17% reacted with only one, 5.5% with 2 and 7.9% with 3 or more. Apparently, each of the monoclonal multispecific antibodies exhibited a pattern of reactivity which was quite unique. There were no apparent differences in antibody reactivities between self and non-self antigens; moreover, with the exception of DNA, no differences were noted among the 3 different hybridoma collections. PMID- 3489436 TI - Classification and differential diagnosis of 20 problem cases of occidental malignant T-cell lymphomas. AB - Twenty malignant T-cell lymphomas are described in which the initial histological diagnosis was equivocal. Among lymphoma entities initially falsely interpreted on pure morphological grounds were Hodgkin's disease, lymphoepithelioid cellular lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma with epithelioid cells, malignant histiocytosis, histiocytosis X, centroblastic lymphoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and undifferentiated tumour. Variations in the expected mean survival of initially diagnosed tumours and T-cell lymphomas confirm the need for immunohistological cell typing in lymphoma classification. PMID- 3489437 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of imipenem against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. AB - A microdilution broth method was used to test 77 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, including beta-lactamase-positive and negative strains, for susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and imipenem. Except for ampicillin against beta-lactamase-producing strains (MIC for 90% of strains [MIC90], greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml), all three antimicrobial agents had comparable in vitro activity (MIC90, less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml) against these bacterial strains. PMID- 3489438 TI - Activity of inosine analogs against Pneumocystis carinii in culture. AB - Three analogs of inosine, formycin B, allopurinol ribonucleoside, and 9 deazainosine, were tested for their ability to suppress proliferation of Pneumocystis carinii in culture with WI-38 cells. The organism was inhibited by 9 deazainosine at 10 micrograms/ml, and there was some inhibition at 1 microgram/ml. Formycin B was effective only at 40 micrograms/ml. Allopurinol ribonucleoside had little effect. PMID- 3489439 TI - Clinical evaluation of rosoxacin for the treatment of chancroid. AB - One hundred seven men with Haemophilus ducreyi-positive chancroid were assigned to receive 300 mg of rosoxacin as a single dose or 150 mg twice daily for 3 days. Ulcers and buboes were followed clinically and bacteriologically for 1 month. Of 40 evaluable males on the 3-day regimen, 38 (95%) were cured, while only 14 of 23 (61%) males on the single-dose regimen were cured; this regimen was discontinued. There was one ulcer relapse at day 21 in both groups; the one relapse in the single-dose group had a persistent culture-positive bubo. Eight of nine (89%) buboes followed to the endpoint on the 3-day rosoxacin regimen were cured, versus three of six (50%) on the single-dose regimen. Adverse effects were mainly related to the central nervous system but were minor and did not require intervention. None of the treatment failures was due to organisms resistant to rosoxacin, and failure of the single-dose regimen presumably was related to duration of tissue levels rather than to drug resistance. Administration of 150 mg of rosoxacin twice daily for 3 days is an effective regimen for the therapy of chancroid and is a reasonable alternative to other short-course regimens. PMID- 3489440 TI - Comparative uptake of gentamicin, netilmicin, and amikacin in the guinea pig cochlea and vestibule. AB - The kinetics of the entry of three aminoglycosides into inner-ear tissues of the guinea pig after acute and chronic administration were compared: gentamicin toxic to the cochlea and the vestibule, amikacin preferentially cochleotoxic, and netilmicin of low ototoxic liability. During constant intravenous infusion, levels of the three drugs in plasma tended to reach a plateau after 1 h, while levels in perilymph did not reach a plateau within 6 h. The drug concentrations in both vestibular and cochlear tissues quickly reached saturation. Amikacin and gentamicin concentrations were similar in vestibular and cochlear tissues, while netilmicin values were somewhat lower. After 1 week of chronic treatment (100 mg of drug per kg of body weight daily subcutaneously), levels of gentamicin and amikacin in tissue were similar to each other and were not significantly different between cochlear and vestibular tissues. Netilmicin concentrations again were somewhat lower in the tissues, but identical to those of the other drugs in the perilymph. After 3 weeks of treatment, all of the drugs were equally distributed in the inner-ear tissues. Release of the drug from the tissues after the 3-week treatment was faster for amikacin (83% decrease after 20 days) than for netilmicin and gentamicin (approximately 50% decrease). There was no correlation, under any of the experimental conditions, between the drug concentrations and their degrees of toxicity. These results demonstrate that selective aminoglycoside ototoxicity cannot be explained by a preferential uptake or accumulation of drugs in the afflicted tissues or in the perilymph. PMID- 3489441 TI - Increased rat testicular heme oxygenase activity associated with depressed microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 levels after repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to rats results in a maximal depression of testicular microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 levels at 24 h, followed by increases that plateau at pretreatment levels by day six. Associated with the depressed levels of microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 is an increase of testicular microsomal heme oxygenase activity at 12-24 h. Testicular mitochondrial delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity was increased at 24 h, and remained elevated throughout the 9-day treatment period. Pretreatment with 1,4,6-androstatrien-3,17-dione, an aromatase inhibitor, failed to prevent the depression of testicular microsomal heme or cytochrome P-450 or increased heme oxygenase activity caused by repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, and administration of estradiol benzoate failed to alter testicular microsomal heme oxygenase activity suggesting that these parameters were not related to altered testicular estrogen content caused by increased aromatase activity. These results suggest that increased testicular heme oxygenase activity is associated with decreased microsomal heme and cytochrome P 450 content during human chorionic gonadotropin-induced desensitization. PMID- 3489442 TI - Interferon: a mediator of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase induction by lipopolysaccharide, poly(I) X poly(C), and pokeweed mitogen in mouse lung. AB - When C3H/He mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide, poly(I) X poly(C), or pokeweed mitogen, the serum interferon titer increased almost instantaneously (100-2000 units/ml), and then the pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was induced 50- to 140-fold. The peaks corresponding to interferon induction always preceded (approximately 24 h) those corresponding to dioxygenase induction. In C3H/HeJ (lipopolysaccharide-nonresponder) mice, however, lipopolysaccharide was totally inert in induction of both interferon and dioxygenase, although treatment with poly(I) X poly(C) and pokeweed mitogen led to a remarkable increase in the serum interferon titer and the enzyme activity. When lymphocytes of C3H/HeJ mice were inactivated by X irradiation and then reconstituted by the transfer of spleen cells from C3H/He mice, both enzyme and interferon from C3H/HeJ mice thus treated were induced almost normally after the lipopolysaccharide treatment. In addition, murine interferon alpha/beta, which was injected intravenously in C3H/He or C3H/HeJ mice, almost instantaneously and dose-dependently induced the pulmonary enzyme, and at a dose of 10(5) units per mouse the enzyme activity was enhanced 20- to 26-fold in these two strains of mice. These results suggest that interferon, which is generated by the interaction of lymphocytes with lipopolysaccharide, poly(I) X poly(C), or pokeweed mitogen, is a mediator of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase induction in the mouse lung by these agents. PMID- 3489443 TI - [A new method of adoptive immunotherapy of a murine tumor with acid treatment: specific removal of major histocompatibility complex class I]. PMID- 3489444 TI - A reconsideration of cerebral perfusion in aortic arch replacement. AB - Ten patients underwent aortic arch replacement for aneurysmal disease from 1970 to 1985 using a simplified cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technique with partial brachiocephalic perfusion, low CPB flow (30 to 50 ml/kg/min), moderate systemic cooling (26 degrees to 28 degrees C), and topical hypothermic myocardial protection. The arterial line from a single pump head has a Y shape to perfuse the femoral artery (20F cannula) and either the innominate or left carotid artery (14F). Of the 10 patients (mean age, 58 years) with arch aneurysm (6 atherosclerotic, 2 dissections, and 2 degenerative), 3 had previously undergone major cardiovascular operations. Concomitant procedures included aortic valve replacement in 4 and coronary artery bypass grafting in 3. Eight patients survived the procedure, and 1 died three weeks after operation of a ruptured abdominal aneurysm. Among the survivors, CPB time was 119 +/- 36 minutes (+/- standard deviation), myocardial ischemia time was 79 +/- 32 minutes, and intraoperative blood requirement was 5.9 +/- 3.4 units. There were no postoperative strokes. Neurological complications were only minor and included an asymptomatic miosis and ulnar nerve paresthesias in 1 patient and transient vocal cord palsy in another. Applicable in most patients undergoing elective resection of degenerative and atherosclerotic arch aneurysms and in selected patients with arch dissections, this simplified technique of brachiocephalic perfusion without circulatory arrest provides an attractive and safe alternative; the potential advantages are technical simplicity, reduced CPB and operating times, and satisfactory cerebral protection. PMID- 3489445 TI - Improved patency of the aortocoronary bypass by antithrombotic drugs. AB - A total of 1,017 bypasses were performed in 442 patients operated on in our department between January 1, 1981, and May 30, 1984. The overall early postoperative graft patency rate in our hospital was 91.5%. About 10% of the grafts had a flow rate of 40 ml/min or less, measured intraoperatively, and most occluded grafts were in this group. This article presents our experience with low flow bypasses whose patency rates we attempted to improve. Patients with aortocoronary bypasses (ACBs) and with intraoperative blood flow rates of 40 ml/min or less were divided into two groups. The treated group was given, from day 0 onward, a 500-mg dose of acetylsalicylic acid twice a day and a 75-mg dose of dipyridamole three times a day. The control group was given no medication. Control coronary arteriography was performed at one month and then at one year after the operation. One month postoperatively, 34 out of 41 ACBs in the treated group were patent; in the control group, only 17 out of 37 were patent (p less than .001). One year after the operation, 24 out of 37 ACBs in the treated group were patent, whereas in the control group only 8 out of 38 ACBs were patent (p less than .001). We conclude that antiplatelet drugs have a beneficial effect on the short-term and long-term patency of ACBs. PMID- 3489446 TI - Primary chemotherapy for localized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with diffuse histologic characteristics. Preliminary report of a prospective study. AB - Thirty-three patients with diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (stages I and II) received intermediate doses of oral methotrexate followed by leucovorin calcium every four weeks, on days 1 and 8, followed on day 15 by intravenous cyclophosphamide and vincristine sulfate. Prednisone was given for four weeks on alternate courses of treatment. A total of six such four-week courses was planned. Involved-field radiation (3000 or 3600 rad [30 or 36 Gy]) was given between three courses of chemotherapy to 18 patients who presented with tumors exceeding 7 cm in greatest diameter and who had responded to the initial chemotherapy. On completion of treatment, 27 patients (82%) were in complete remission; all the failures were in patients with large intra-abdominal masses. The presence of high lactate dehydrogenase levels, large tumor size, and age over 60 years had a suggestive negative correlation with the achievement of complete remission. The median follow-up was 26 months (range, ten to 59 months). At 48 months, the actuarial disease-free survival, remission duration, and overall survival were 53%, 72%, and 68% respectively. No deaths from toxic effects and no septic episodes were observed during treatment. The complete remission rate achieved with this program is comparable with those of other intensive programs of treatment reported previously. PMID- 3489447 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax with Pneumocystis carinii infection. Occurrence in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed spontaneous pneumothorax during the course of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The pneumothorax in each of these patients was a primary event, unrelated to biopsy or mechanical ventilation. To our knowledge, this complication of P carinii infection has not been noted in adults before and is an important consideration for those caring for persons with this illness. PMID- 3489449 TI - 60 years of suicide in England and Wales. A cohort study. AB - In a cohort analysis of suicides recorded in England and Wales from 1921 to 1980, there was no discernible trend across the younger cohorts, but there was a fall in the suicide rates of successive older cohorts over this period. The impact of period events (eg, World War II and the detoxification of domestic gas) is demonstrated in these cohorts. In addition to the period effects, there was evidence of a more prolonged cohort effect on suicide rates of the middle-aged and elderly associated with these events. Little relationship was found between early and later suicide rates within cohorts, casting doubt on the usefulness of predicting the future rates of cohorts from their early behavior. PMID- 3489448 TI - Nephrotic syndrome associated with a clonal T-cell leukemia of large granular lymphocytes with cytotoxic function. AB - A 51-year-old man presented with a T-cell leukemia of large granular lymphocytes and rapidly developed a nephrotic syndrome due to presumptive minimal-change glomerulopathy. The E-rosette+, Ia+ cells demonstrated cytotoxic activity similar to that of natural killer lymphocytes but lacked other T-subset markers, except that one third of them bore Fc(IgG) receptors. Cytogenetic analysis revealed loss of chromosome 10 and the translocation (1;10)(p11;q11) in all metaphases. Regression of the leukemia after chemotherapy was accompanied by a dramatic resolution of the nephrotic syndrome, suggesting that the activated granular lymphocytes induced the renal lesion. The close association of a clonal T lymphoproliferative disorder with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome lends further support to current views implicating activated T cells or their products in the pathogenesis of this glomerulopathy. PMID- 3489450 TI - A simple and reliable rapid methenamine silver stain for Pneumocystis carinii and fungi. AB - A modification to a rapid hot methenamine silver stain is described that shortens the silver staining step of the procedure to one to five minutes. It also eliminates the requirement to manipulate hot solutions. PMID- 3489451 TI - Adoptive transfer of immunity against virulent Semliki Forest virus with immune spleen cells from mice infected with avirulent Semliki Forest virus. AB - This paper describes the minimal requirements to protect mice adoptively against challenge with virulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Early immune serum, from donor mice infected with an avirulent strain of SFV, contained mainly neutralizing IgM immunoglobulins. More of these antibodies (1.80 PND50 vs 0.06 PND50) were needed to protect recipient mice against intraperitoneal challenge (10 LD50 of SFV) than against subcutaneous challenge (7 LD50). Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that a minimum of 3 X 10(7) six-day immune spleen cells were also able to protect recipient mice against intraperitoneal challenge with 10 LD50 of SFV. Treatment of these donor cells with cytotoxic antisera and complement revealed both T- and B-lymphocytes were required for optimum adoptive immunity. Surviving recipients of either immune serum or immune spleen cells developed significantly less neutralizing antibodies than control mice. The lower antibody titres in protected mice might be related to either immune serum or immune spleen cell mediated restriction of virus replication; meaning a reduced antigenic stimulus in these mice compared to control mice. PMID- 3489452 TI - [Biological rhythms of cells of the lymphoid series in the thymus-dependent zone of lymph nodes]. AB - Biological rhythms of density in the lymphoid line cell populations (small and middle lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts, immature and mature plasmocytes) have been investigated in the thymus-dependent zone of the mouse axillary lymph nodes. The observations have been performed for 572 h. The amount of the cells is counted over the nodes of the morphometrical net. The results of the observations are treated by means of the spectral cosinor-analysis. Circadian or similar to it rhythmicity is peculiar for all the types of the cells, besides plasmoblasts. Within the ultradian range rhythmicity of the small lymphocytes, immunoblasts and immature plasmocytes is presented by two components, and that of the plasmoblasts -by one. The complexity of the rhythm components demonstrates that the course of the process during the observation time does not repeat strictly every day running, since periods of the circadian components somewhat fluctuate from 24 h, and periods of the ultracircadian ones--do not make multiple parts from the duration of the circadian periods. The time of picks and troughs of the amount of the cells during successive 24 h also do not coincide with each other, as the circadian and ultradian components interact. During one 24-hour's period the curve does not possess a regular sinusoid form and additional picks and troughs are revealed, since certain oscillations of a higher frequency participate in the process. These data are necessary to estimate reactions at T-immunological response. PMID- 3489453 TI - [Nuclei of lymphocytes of the T- and B-cell lines during normal embryogenesis and after treatment with hydrocortisone (morphometric and probabilistic-statistical parameters)]. AB - Lymphoid cells of the thymus and of the Fabricius bursa have been studied in 18 day-old chick embryos, normal and after injection of hydrocortisone on the 11th day of embryogenesis. By means of optical-structural computer analysis, the complex of morphometric and probability-statistic parameters of the nuclei in the lymphocytes are estimated: area of the nuclei, optical density of chromatin, asymmetry coefficient and variance. Normal T-lymphocytes possess less density of the nuclei, greater optical density of chromatin, greater values of negative asymmetry. The complex of these parameters can be used for identification of visually similar lymphoid cells of T- and B-lines. Under hydrocortisone effect structural changes of the nuclei in the thymus and Fabricius bursa lymphocytes of the chick embryo are uniform: increase in the area of the nuclei, decrease in optical density of chromatin, the asymmetry coefficient becomes positive. PMID- 3489454 TI - Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in vestibulocerebellar ataxia. AB - A young adult who presents with periodic vertigo, diplopia, and tinnitus, later followed by progressive ataxia, may not have multiple sclerosis as might initially be suspected, but rather may represent a type of familial spinocerebellar degeneration previously described by Farmer and Mustian as "vestibulocerebellar ataxia." We recently encountered a patient who presented with these symptoms, and who was found to have downbeat nystagmus, ocular dysmetria, skew deviation, optokinetic dissociation, and a vertical gain bias on horizontal eye movements. Although family involvement was specifically denied by the patient, seven members of her family representing four generations were examined, and found to have similar findings. The importance of a careful neuro ophthalmologic examination in each available family member of any patient presenting with this constellation of symptoms is emphasized. A discussion of the spinocerebellar degenerations, differential diagnosis, and literature review are included. PMID- 3489455 TI - Delayed dental development and pulmonary disease severity in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - The relationships among development of the succedaneous mandibular dentition, chronologic age, a clinically-derived prognostic score and duration of therapeutic intervention were studied in 23 females and 27 males with cystic fibrosis (CF). Radiographically-determined dental age was significantly delayed. Although significant correlations were obtained between dental and chronologic age, none were observed between delays in dental development and either the measure of pulmonary disease severity or age at CF diagnosis. The findings are not consistent with a pathologic aetiology for the reported dental delays or with being a secondary consequence of the stresses of the disease. The delay seems to be an endocrine-mediated pleiotropic effect of the cystic fibrosis locus. PMID- 3489456 TI - X-linked recessive cone dystrophy with tapetal-like sheen. A newly recognized entity with Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon. AB - We encountered a new X-linked recessive cone dystrophy in which patients have a greenish-golden tapetal-like sheen of the retina; while the retinal sheen and electroretinographic abnormalities are present from childhood, patients are not symptomatic until adult years. All of the male patients tested showed evidence of cone dysfunction on color vision testing, dark adaptometry, and electroretinography. After three hours of dark adaptation, the tapetal-like sheen disappeared, with most areas changing from greenish-golden shades to orange-red hues (Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon). One male patient had a retinal detachment from atrophic round holes in the equatorial retina. PMID- 3489457 TI - Eye movements induced by lateral tilt and testing of otolithic function. AB - In the last few years, we have studied ocular reflexes caused by tilting stimulations in test subjects placed in an upright sitting position on a chair apparatus which tilts continuously. In healthy persons, a weak nystagmus can be observed, and involves a nystagmus of minor amplitude and showing a small number of beats. The actual incidence of nystagmus in the younger group was minimal, but it tended to increase with age. This occurrence is considered to be due to age related degeneration of the otolithic organ. Patients with vertigo and/or dizziness clearly develop nystagmus. These responses are classified as follows: type I is of fixed direction; type II is of changed direction; and type III is a combination of the first and second types. Among the peripheral vestibular disorders, particularly involving those patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, a nystagmus of changed direction was found. This type was rarely seen in patients with other vestibular disorders, but was a common occurrence in healthy individuals who readily experienced motion sickness. These observations have led us to conclude that patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo have definite reactions which are similar to those of individuals with motion sickness, and that such depends on the susceptibility of the otolithic organs. PMID- 3489458 TI - Posture testing (posturography) in the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular pathology. AB - In patients with peripheral vestibular deficiencies, the testing of posture or "posturography" can give specific information about any compensation obtained in the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR). We have used the statokinesimetric parameter of length in this study. Nearly 50% of the patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction as well as those patients with paroxysmal positional vertigo (PPV) show abnormal results. These findings indicate deficient compensation at the vestibulospinal level, which is independent of any compensation already achieved at the vestibulo-ocular level. The tests used for the latter, such as positioning and rotational tests, are unable to provide information about the degree of compensation reached in the VSR. The examinations used in the different modalities of sensory interaction can show the presence of influences of ocular fixation and changes of head position. We have observed three types of deviant interaction. Our posturographic data have allowed us to assess functional situations in a more precise way. Any rehabilitation exercises used should be adapted according to these data. PMID- 3489460 TI - Effects of exposure to ultraviolet light in a commercial solarium on Langerhans cells and melanocytes in human epidermis. PMID- 3489459 TI - Long term management of hemorrhagic esophagitis with cimetidine and omeprazole. AB - We report a patient whose severe recurrent anemia was due to overt and occult hemorrhage from peptic esophagitis. Cimetidine treatment was successful for seven years but dose reduction was followed by intractable hemorrhage which did not respond to H2-receptor antagonists. Omeprazole therapy produced dramatic remission of symptoms and anemia. PMID- 3489461 TI - Interactions of the neurotoxic amine 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine with monoamine oxidases. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a thermal breakdown product of a meperidine-like narcotic used by drug abusers as a heroin substitute, produces Parkinsonian symptoms in humans and primates. The nigrostriatal toxicity is not due to MPTP itself but to one or more oxidation products resulting from the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO) on this tertiary allylamine. Both MAO A and B catalyse the oxidation of MPTP to the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species (MPDP+), which undergoes further oxidation to the fully aromatic 1-methyl 4-phenylpyridinium species (MPP+). These bio-oxidations are blocked by selective inhibitors of MAO A and B. Additionally, MPTP, MPDP+ and MPP+ are competitive inhibitors of MAO A and B. The A form of the enzyme is particularly sensitive to this type of reversible inhibition. Both MAO A and B also are irreversibly inactivated by MPTP and MPDP+, but not by MPP+. This inactivation obeys the characteristics of a mechanism-based or 'suicide' process. The inactivation, which is accompanied by the incorporation of radioactivity from methyl-labelled MPTP, is likely to result from covalent modification of the enzyme. PMID- 3489464 TI - Characteristics of cytosol androgen receptor in rat thymus. AB - Male and female rat thymic cytosol contained specific androgen receptor. The apparent dissociation constants (Kd) were 2.4 nM in males and 2.5 nM in females, and the number of binding sites (NBS) were 23.7 fmol/mg protein in males and 34.2 fmol/mg protein in females. Transformation of receptor to the DNA binding state was achieved by heat or KCl treatment of [3H]R1881-receptor complex, and the characteristics of transformed and nontransformed receptors were investigated. The nontransformed androgen-receptor complex eluted at 0.20-0.25 M KCl from DEAE Sephacel and sedimented at 9.1 S and its molecular weight was 255,000 on agarose gel chromatography, while the transformed receptor complex eluted at 0.03-0.15 M KCl with a broad peak and sedimented at 4.5 S and its molecular weight was 80,000 85,000. The minicolumn binding assay revealed that approximately 57% of the total receptor complexes bound to DNA-cellulose following heat treatment (20 degrees C, 1 h). Castration exerted no effect on the physicochemical properties of cytosol androgen receptor, but it increased the number of binding site to the female level. PMID- 3489462 TI - Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor from mouse lung conditioned medium. Purification of multiple forms and radioiodination. AB - Four forms of mouse granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were purified 100,000-fold from mouse lung conditioned medium. Each of the CSF species stimulated the formation of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies, and half-maximal stimulation in the semi-solid mouse bone-marrow colony assay occurred at 1 pm. The four GM-CSF species exhibited similar charge microheterogeneity, focusing between pH 4.2 and pH 5.2. On SDS/polyacrylamide gels two of the GM-CSF sub-species had apparent Mr values of 23,000, and the other two, 21, 000. Treatment with neuraminidase decreased the Mr values of these two sets to 21,000 and 19,000 respectively. Incubation with endoglucosidase F decreased the charge heterogeneity and the Mr of all species to 16,500. A gas phase radioiodination procedure was used to incorporate 2-3 atoms of 125I/molecule into purified GM-CSF without any loss of biological activity. The 125I-labelled GM-CSF was analysed on a microbore reversed-phase h.p.l.c. column to determine its specific radioactivity directly. This 125I-labelled GM-CSF molecule is suitable for cell-surface receptor-binding studies. PMID- 3489463 TI - The glycoprotein nature and biosynthetic relationship of two molecularly distinct species of primate T-cell growth factor. AB - T-cell growth factor (TCGF) produced by the MLA 144 gibbon ape T-lymphosarcoma cell line was biosynthetically radiolabelled with [35S]methionine and isolated by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. [Milstone & Parker (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 115, 762-768]. Two predominant species, of Mr 16300 and pI 6.8 and of Mr 14300 and pI 7.5, were resolved. Analysis of TCGF labelled with a mixture of [3H]glucosamine and [14C]methionine demonstrated that only the 16300-Mr protein contained detectable carbohydrate label, approx. 50% of which was present in sialic acid residues, which were largely responsible for the charge difference observed between the two forms of TCGF. The 14300-Mr protein was labelled within 5 min after addition of [35S]methionine and was the predominant intracellular form of TCGF, whereas the 16300-Mr protein was not detected until 25 min later and was the predominant extracellular form of TCGF. Pulse-chase experiments were consistent with the hypothesis that the 14300-Mr protein is an intracellular precursor that is glycosylated to form the 16300-Mr protein, which is then preferentially secreted from the cell. PMID- 3489465 TI - HLA-DP antigens in patients with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The distribution of the recently described HLA-DP antigens was examined in a population of patients with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and iridocyclitis, in an attempt to further characterize the immunogenetically determined susceptibility to this disease. There was a significantly increased frequency of the HLA-DPw2 antigen in the patients compared with the controls (67% versus 34%; odds ratio 3.9, P = 0.003 by Fisher's exact test). Population studies and family studies showed that this association with HLA-DPw2 was not secondary to linkage disequilibrium with the previously defined HLA-D region markers of disease (HLA-DR5 and HLA-DRw8) in these patients. These data raise the possibility that susceptibility to this form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may be regulated by more than one HLA-linked gene. PMID- 3489466 TI - Production of a glycosaminoglycan stimulatory factor by cloned human T lymphocytes activated in vitro. AB - Supernatants of mitogen-activated mononuclear cells contain a factor which stimulates, up to fifteen-fold, the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by cultured normal dermal fibroblasts. To demonstrate that the GAG stimulatory factor is a product of T lymphocytes, we cloned normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes that were activated in mixed lymphocyte culture. Selected alloreactive T cell clones were expanded in the presence of original stimulator cells and T cell growth factor. Only supernatants of the clones that were reactivated with irradiated stimulators (allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes of B cell lines) were capable of increasing, 3-7-fold, the GAG synthesis by dermal fibroblasts. The production of GAG stimulatory activity by alloreactive T cells was restricted by HLA-DR allorecognition. Alloactivated T cell clones produced more GAG stimulatory activity on a per cell basis than did concanavalin A-activated mononuclear cells. These results show that cloned, activated T lymphocytes are capable of releasing soluble factors that modulate GAG synthesis by normal dermal fibroblasts. PMID- 3489467 TI - Complement activation during systemic lupus erythematosus. C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins circulate during exacerbations of disease. AB - To determine whether activated complement components appear in the circulation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we measured C5a and C3a by radioimmunoassay. Mean C5a concentration in the plasma of acutely ill SLE patients was 46.0 ng/ml, compared with 17.1 ng/ml in normal controls (P less than 0.01). Mean C3a concentration in patients with severe disease was 526 ng/ml, compared with 134 ng/ml in controls (P less than 0.01). In patients with moderately active SLE, the mean C3a concentration, but not the mean C5a concentration, was also elevated. In addition, C3a was elevated in 15 or 21 patients with active SLE, whereas low levels of C3 or C4 were noted in only 7 of these 21 patients. We conclude that the measurement of complement-derived anaphylatoxins may be useful in the management of patients with SLE. In addition, we suggest that these circulating mediators may contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular injury in patients with the disease. PMID- 3489468 TI - Cryoglobulinemia in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Evidence of circulating monoclonal cryoglobulins in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The incidence and nature of cryoglobulins, as well as their correlation with the clinical and serologic picture of Sjogren's syndrome (SS), were studied in the sera of 30 consecutive primary SS patients. Sera from 29 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 58 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 125 healthy blood donors were also studied. It was shown that one-third of the patients with SS had cryoglobulinemia. These cryoglobulins were mixed monoclonal IgM immunoglobulins, whereas those observed in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients were mixed polyclonal. The nature of the cryoglobulins was demonstrated using high-resolution electrophoresis combined with immunofixation. The presence of cryoglobulins in the sera of SS patients correlated with extraglandular disease and with antibodies to Ro (SS-A) and IgM rheumatoid factor. SS patients with cryoglobulins had lower serum C4 levels than did patients without cryoglobulins. These findings suggest that SS expresses, in addition to polyclonal B cell hyperreactivity, a monoclonal process in the absence of lymphoid neoplasia. Further, they show that the extraglandular manifestations of the syndrome may be due to an immune complex-mediated pathology. PMID- 3489469 TI - Macrophage activation in rat models of inflammation and arthritis. Systemic activation precedes arthritis induction and progression. AB - The association between the induction and progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) and the development of synovial and systemic macrophage activation was assessed by studying the temporal development of these parameters in a rat model. Rats with AA developed significant edema of the uninjected hind leg beginning 10 days post-adjuvant injection, with progressive increases in edema continuing through day 17. Several parameters of macrophage activation, including the enhanced ability to secrete interleukin-1 and prostaglandin E2, kill tumor cells, accumulate fluorescent cyanine dyes, emigrate into the peritoneal cavity and synovium, and express Ia antigen, as well as the decreased ability to secrete superoxide anion, were associated temporally with the development of the arthritic lesion. In addition to the temporal association between macrophage activation and development of arthritis, a positive correlation between macrophage activation and arthritis induction was seen with the use of synthetic adjuvants at arthritogenic and nonarthritogenic doses. These data taken together suggest that induction and progression of AA in rats is associated with both systemic (blood, spleen, and peritoneal cavity) and local (synovium) macrophage activation. PMID- 3489470 TI - AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications. PMID- 3489471 TI - Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: clinical characteristics of a lymphadenopathy syndrome in intravenous drug abusers. AB - Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is the most frequent AIDS related manifestation in homosexual men. From May 1984 to March 1985, 45 (38%) out of 117 intravenous (iv) drug abusers evaluated had PGL. Thirty-two were males and 13 females (median age 25 years). All patients referred to the frequent sharing of syringes. The median duration of lymphadenopathy was 3 months (range 3-60) with a median number of involved extrainguinal sites of 4 (range 2-7). Systemic symptoms and energy to skin tests were common, whereas splenomegaly and past infections were less frequently encountered. Hypergammaglobulinemia and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio and lymphopenia were found in 78%, 43%, and 20% of the patients, respectively; the presence of HTLV-III antibodies was demonstrated in 12 (46%) of the 26 tested patients. Histologically, excised lymph nodes from 14 patients exhibited a marked follicular hyperplasia, diffuse plasmacytosis, and a conspicuous capillary proliferation. All patients are followed on a regular basis with clinical examination and laboratory tests; in no case has AIDS or a malignant lymphoma so far developed. PMID- 3489472 TI - Suppression of cellular immunity by head and neck irradiation. Precipitating factors and reparative mechanisms in an experimental model. AB - A model was developed in C3H mice to investigate the immunosuppressive effects of head and neck irradiation and to explore mechanisms for repair of the defects. Mice receiving 1200 rad (12 Gy) of head and neck irradiation showed significant depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity, peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, spleen cell counts, and spleen cell production of interleukin-2. Treatment with optimal dosages of thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha-1) produced significant increases in all of these values, in some instances to levels higher than in the nonirradiated controls. In identical experiments with mice irradiated to a portal limited to the pelvic region, T alpha-1 induced only partial remission of the abnormalities. The dose response of T alpha-1 with head and neck irradiation showed a relatively limited dose range for immune restoration, a finding that warrants similar determinations in clinical trials with immunomodulating agents. The results suggest a potential clinical usefulness of T alpha-1 and also interleukin-2 in restoring cellular immunity after irradiation for head and neck cancers. The model appears to be useful for investigating immunomodulating agents before they are clinically evaluated as adjuvants with head and neck irradiation regimens. PMID- 3489473 TI - Isolation of a human von Willebrand factor cDNA from the hybrid endothelial cell line EA.hy926. AB - A permanent human hybrid endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) was shown to produce the von Willebrand factor, a protein of 250,000 relative mass (Mr) which was secreted into the medium as a 220,000 Mr protein. A cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11 using mRNA from these hybrid cells. Several von Willebrand factor cDNA clones were isolated from this library using a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide as a hybridization probe. These cDNA clones were used to analyze the von Willebrand factor gene in normal individuals and in cultured cells. PMID- 3489475 TI - [Brain blood flow studies with single photon emission computed tomography in patients with plateau waves]. AB - The authors studied brain blood flow with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in two patients with plateau waves. The intracranial pressure and blood pressure were also monitored continuously in these patients. They included one patient with brain-tumor (rt. sphenoid ridge meningioma) and another with hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of lt. internal carotid aneurysm. The intracranial pressure was monitored through an indwelling ventricular catheter attached to a pressure transducer. The blood pressure was recorded through an intraarterial catheter placed in the dorsalis pedis artery. Brain blood flow was studied with Headtome SET-011 (manufactured by Shimazu Co., Ltd.). For this flow measurement study, an intravenous injection of Xenon-133 of about 30 mCi was given via an antecubital vein. The position of the slice for the SPECT was selected so as to obtain information not only from the cerebral hemisphere but also from the brain stem: a cross section 25 degrees over the orbito-meatal line, passing through the inferior aspect of the frontal horn, the basal ganglia, the lower recessus of the third ventricle and the brain stem. The results indicated that, in the cerebral hemisphere, plateau waves were accompanied by a decrease in blood flow, whereas, in the brain stem, the blood flow showed little change during plateau waves as compared with the interval phase between two plateau waves. These observations may explain why there is no rise in the blood pressure and why patients are often alert during plateau waves. PMID- 3489474 TI - [Electrocardiographic alterations in expired cases due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm: correlation with other complications relating to the autonomic nervous system]. AB - Forty three expired cases due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm were studied in electrocardiographic alterations with special reference to other complications of the autonomic nervous system. The cases with past history of ischemic cardiovascular disease had been excluded. The age of the patients ranged between 23 to 79 years old (average 50.1 years old). The clinical condition of the patients according to Hunt & Kosnik classification I in 1 case, II in 11 cases, III in 14 cases, and IV & V in 17 cases. The duration between the aneurysm rupture and admission was within 24 hours in 16 cases, 2 to 3 days in 13 cases, 4 to 7 days in 9 cases, and 2 to 3 weeks in 5 cases. The site of ruptured aneurysms was anterior communicating artery in 12 cases, internal carotid artery in 24 cases, and others in 7 cases. The direct surgeries to the aneurysms were performed in 22 cases, and not done in 21 cases. The electrocardiographic alterations were found as follows: flat or inverted T in 19 cases, prolonged QTc in 33 cases, manifest U in 14 cases, ST elevation or depression in 10 cases, Ta (atrial T) in 10 cases, left ventricular hypertrophy in 8 cases, sinus tachycardia in 7 cases, sinus bradycardia in 12 cases, and arrhythmias with SVPC or VPC (supraventricular or ventricular premature contraction), or sinus arrhythmia in 12 cases. Prolonged QTc, and flat or inverted T were most often found in the cases with ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, and next in those with the internal carotid artery, and least often in those with others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489476 TI - [Parkinsonism and MPTP (methylphenyltetrahydropyridine)]. PMID- 3489477 TI - Effects of coronary bypass surgery under high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia on granulocyte chemiluminescence. AB - Phagocytosis provides one of the body's first-line defences against invading bacteria. The present study evaluated granulocyte microbicidal-related oxidative mechanisms by measurement of chemiluminescence responses in the phagocytosis of zymosan, S. aureus, E. coli and N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) in 12 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery under high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. With preoperative values as a baseline, a significant depression of in vitro responses to zymosan was seen on days 1, 3-4 after operation and to S. aureus and E. coli on days 3-4 after operation, with recovery by days 6-7. Responses to FMLP were unaffected. PMID- 3489478 TI - Effects of propofol on cardiovascular dynamics, myocardial blood flow and myocardial metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The effects of propofol (emulsion formulation) on cardiovascular dynamics, myocardial blood flow and myocardial metabolism were studied in 12 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Measurements were performed with the patient awake, during steady-state maintenance anaesthesia with propofol 200 micrograms kg-1 min-1 at rest, and during sternotomy when the propofol was supplemented with fentanyl 10 micrograms kg-1. Propofol alone decreased mean arterial pressure and cardiac index; heart rate was increased. Myocardial blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were decreased by 26% and 31%, respectively. Myocardial lactate production was seen in one patient during this period. Surgical stimulation, under propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia, led to the return of arterial pressure and heart rate towards baseline; cardiac index decreased further. Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption increased such that they almost achieved their baseline values. Myocardial lactate production was seen in one patient. These results suggest that propofol may on occasions, lead to myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease, but that it is able to block the sympathetic responses to surgical stimulation when combined with a suitable analgesic. PMID- 3489479 TI - Thallium heart scanning: its value in the management of coronary artery disease. PMID- 3489480 TI - Immunotoxicity of multiple dosing regimens of free doxorubicin and doxorubicin entrapped in cardiolipin liposomes. AB - We have shown that doxorubicin entrapped in cardiolipin liposomes retain antitumour efficacy in mice but had diminished cardiac uptake and cardiotoxicity. Such liposomes are preferentially taken up by spleen. In a previous study we showed that a single dose of liposomal doxorubicin is not more toxic than free doxorubicin with regard to immunologic parameters including generation of cytotoxicity for histocompatibility alloantigens and mitogenic responsiveness. In the present study, we have explored clinically relevant multiple dosing at weekly intervals, 2, 3, or 4 times. Again, despite splenic localization of liposomal doxorubicin, the depressive effect on these immunological parameters is not greater than the effect of free drug, and, in addition, the damage is repaired earlier. PMID- 3489481 TI - Quantification of oestradiol binding at the surface of human lymphocytes by flow cytofluorimetry. PMID- 3489482 TI - The morphological spectrum of T-prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The morphology of the cells from 29 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL) was studied by light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and was compared with that of 33 B-cell PLL. The membrane phenotype of T-PLL cells was T4+, T8- in two-thirds of the cases, others being T4- T8+ or T4+ T8+. Two morphological types of T-PLL were defined according to the nuclear features: regular (55% of cases) and irregular (45% of cases). T-PLL cells with a regular, round or oval, nuclear outline resembled B-PLL cells but had less abundant cytoplasm and a higher nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. Irregular T-prolymphocytes displayed a distinct convoluted nucleus. A 'small-cell' variant of T-PLL was recognized by TEM in six cases in which the diagnosis was uncertain by LM. A characteristic of all types of T-prolymphocytes by LM was the presence of a deep basophilic cytoplasm which by TEM corresponded to clusters of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. No differences in clinico-haematological features or membrane markers were apparent between the morphological types of T-PLL, although it was noted that the three T4- T8+ cases had irregular cells and four of the small cell variant were T3- T4+. TEM permits a more precise assessment of the cytoplasmic organelles and nucleolus than LM analysis and facilitates the distinction between T-PLL and other leukaemias with a mature T-cell phenotype, namely adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Sezary syndrome and T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3489483 TI - von Willebrand factor, now cloned. PMID- 3489484 TI - Kinetic comparison of ricin immunotoxins: biricin conjugate has potentiated cytotoxicity. AB - The plant toxin ricin was chemically coupled to an anti-Thy-1.1 antibody, and the resultant conjugates were fractionated by gel filtration. The cytotoxicity of the conjugate possessing two ricin molecules per immunoglobulin, yielding a first order inactivation rate of protein synthesis of -0.4 log/h at 200 ng/mL, was well above that expected just from the increase in ricin per unit mass of conjugate, when compared to a conjugate possessing only one ricin per immunoglobulin. On a conjugate molar scale the biricin immunotoxin was determined to be 8 times more potent than the monoricin conjugate; thus, relative to the number of ricin molecules, the coupling of a second ricin to the immunoglobulin quadrupled the observed potency. The concentration of immunotoxin and the resultant inactivation rates of protein synthesis were found to be related through a power function. Additionally, the inactivation kinetics of these conjugates were found to be similar to those of native ricin. PMID- 3489485 TI - An antigen present in rat adenocarcinoma and normal colon non-epithelial stroma is a novel Forssman-like glycolipid based on isoglobotetraosylceramide. AB - A glycolipid with blood group A activity detected in the non-epithelial stroma of normal rat colon but not in epithelial cells (Hansson, G.C., Karlsson, K.-A., and Thurin, J. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 792, 281-292), was purified to homogeneity from normal rat colon and rat colon adenocarcinoma. Mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the intact permethylated derivative and gas chromatography after degradation revealed the structure GalNAc alpha 1----3GAINAc beta 1----3Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer, with the predominant ceramide containing sphingosine and non-hydroxylated 24:0 fatty acid. This identifies this glycolipid as a novel Forssman-like glycolipid, which is a tumor-associated antigen by definition, since it is not present in the normal rat large intestinal epithelium cells but in rat adenocarcinoma derived from these cells. PMID- 3489486 TI - Human T lymphocytes express a protein-tyrosine kinase homologous to p56LSTRA. AB - We have used oligonucleotide probes, based on a portion of the p60v-src autophosphorylation sequence, Glu-Asp-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Thr, to identify and characterize a cDNA from the human T-leukemia cell line, JURKAT. The JURKAT cDNA (designated ptk-JURKAT) was homologous to but distinct from the src, yes and fgr oncogenes, which encode protein-tyrosine kinases (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37). The ptk-JURKAT cDNA hybridized with a 2.2 kb RNA transcript from JURKAT cells and the human T-cell lymphoma line, MOLT-4, but failed to identify any transcript in two human B-cell lymphoma lines or a human erythroid-myeloid leukemia line, K562. Recently the nucleotide sequence has been established for the murine lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase, p56LSTRA. The ptk-JURKAT cDNA appears to encode the human homolog of p56LSTRA. PMID- 3489487 TI - [Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides mutants defective in nitrogen fixation]. AB - Mutants of phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides deficient in nitrogen fixation and unable to utilize alanine, proline, arganine and glutamic acid as nitrogen sources have been obtained as a result of nitrosomethylurea mutagenesis. The majority of the nif-mutants have no nitrogenase activity and aminotransferase activity of glutamine synthetase during their growth in glutamine containing medium is sharply lowered. The specific activity of glutamate synthase and alanine dehydrogenase in the mutants does not differ from that of the wild type strain. One of the mutants (NF-42) has higher glutamine synthetase activity in comparison with the wild type strain. The pleiotropic character of the changes obtained in the nif-mutants shows that the loss of nitrogen fixation ability is due to defects in regulation system of nitrogen metabolism. PMID- 3489488 TI - Colonisation of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of neonates in Papua New Guinea: primary acquisition, duration of carriage, and relationship to carriage in mothers. AB - In order to determine the age of acquisition and duration of carriage of the first strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of Papua New Guinea children, 25 babies were recruited at, or shortly after birth. Nasal secretions from mothers and children were cultured at 1- to 2-weekly intervals. H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were acquired within the neonatal period by 60% of the infants, and all were colonised by both organisms within the first 3 months of life. Carriage periods for H. influenzae ranged from 6 to 221 days (mean, 74 days), and for S. pneumoniae from 5 to 290 days (mean, 96 days). Penicillin resistance was detected in 36% of the first acquired strains of pneumococci. Mothers, generally either did not carry H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae, or harboured types different to those first acquired by their infants. However, one-third of mothers subsequently became colonised with H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae types similar to those carried by their babies. PMID- 3489489 TI - Lattice shrinkage with increasing resting tension in stretched, single skinned fibers of frog muscle. AB - The 1,0 lattice spacing d1,0 in chemically and mechanically skinned single fibers of frog muscle was measured at various sarcomere lengths, L, in the range from L = 2.1 to 6.0 microns by an x-ray diffraction method. In chemically skinned fibers, d1,0 decreased with a similar slope to that of mechanically skinned fibers up to L congruent to 3 microns, but beyond this point d1,0 steeply decreased with further stretching. This steep decrease in d1,0 could be ascribed mainly to an increase in the compressing force associated with the longitudinal extension of a remnant of the sarcolemma. In mechanically skinned fibers, the gradual decrease in d1,0 continued beyond filament overlap (L greater than or equal to 3.5 microns) and was highly proportional to a resting tension. This decrease in d1,0 at L greater than or equal to 3.5 microns could be ascribed to an increase in the force exerted by lateral elastic components, which is proportional to the longitudinal resting tension. A conceptual model is proposed of a network structure of elastic components in a sarcomere. PMID- 3489490 TI - Fluorescence polarization spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence kinetics of native cancerous and normal rat kidney tissues. AB - Steady state fluorescence polarization spectra and time-resolved emission decay kinetics have been measured in vitro from malignant and normal rat kidney tissue. The degrees of polarization and emission lifetimes from the cancerous and normal systems are different. The spectroscopic differences are attributed to environmental transformations local to the native flavin and porphyrin fluorophors' binding sites. PMID- 3489491 TI - [Effect of microbial sensitization and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction on interleukin-1 production and the generation of monocyte and natural killer cytotoxicity]. AB - Injection of tuberculin PPD or BCG vaccine to tuberculin-positive (Tb+) healthy persons resulted in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, and obvious monocyte and large granular lymphocyte (LGL) cytotoxicity activation, while the injection of the preparations to tuberculin-negative (Tb-) donors failed to influence the effector activity. Monocytes and LGL produced higher levels of interleukin-I (IL-I) in Tb+ than in Tb- persons. Blockade of Ia-structures with monoclonal antibodies or UV-radiation eliminated the stimulating effect of DTH reaction on monocyte and LGL cytotoxicity and IL-I production. The interaction with monocytes, possessing unaffected Ia-structures, is necessary for LGL activation in Tb+ persons treated with PPD. PMID- 3489492 TI - Multilineage hematopoietic growth factor interleukin 3 and direct activators of protein kinase C stimulate phosphorylation of common substrates. AB - In order to investigate early signal transduction events in myeloid cells, the phosphosubstrates of an interleukin 3 (IL 3)-dependent cell line, FDC-P1, have been analyzed. Using synthetic diacylglycerol as a direct activator of the unique calcium-phospholipid-dependent phosphotransferase protein kinase C (PK-C) and genetically engineered homogeneous IL 3, we have demonstrated a common element to signal transduction events associated with these stimulants. One novel substrate, p68 (68,000 kd), was rapidly phosphorylated in either IL 3- or diacylglycerol stimulated cells. The phosphorylation of p68 was dose-dependent, with both the physiological ligand and diacylglycerol inducing the same maximal level of phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of p68 occurred in a time-dependent manner analogous to previously described kinetics of PK-C subcellular redistribution in the FDC-P1 cell line. The p68 substrate was also phosphorylated in a cell-free system under conditions designed to activate PK-C. Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that the p68 molecule phosphorylated in intact cells as well as in a calcium-phospho-lipid-dependent cell-free system was phosphorylated on threonine residues, not tyrosine. These data support the hypothesis that the activation of PK-C that occurs after IL 3-receptor interaction which leads to the rapid phosphorylation of cellular proteins is an important element of the signal transduction mechanism in FDC-P1 cells. We propose that phosphorylation of the p68 molecule is a physiochemical marker for the activation of PK-C in myeloid cells, in response to the growth-promoting physiological ligand. PMID- 3489493 TI - Platelet-collagen interaction: inhibition by ristocetin and enhancement by von Willebrand factor-platelet binding. AB - The contribution of von Willebrand factor (vWF)-platelet binding to platelet collagen interaction was examined in vitro. The binding of vWF to platelets was mediated and regulated by ristocetin. Subthreshold concentrations of ristocetin (less than or equal to 1 mg/mL), insufficient to cause ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), were added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prior to the addition of collagen. The collagen-induced platelet aggregation (CIPA) was modified by ristocetin and the degree of alteration was dependent on the ristocetin concentration. Response as a function of ristocetin concentration was designated the Collagen-Platelet Aggregation Response (CoI-PAR). In normal PRP the CoI-PAR was a progressive inhibition followed by decreasing inhibition and then an enhanced response. The enhanced response occurred over a narrow range of ristocetin concentrations (0.8 to 1.0 mg/mL). In the absence of vWF (severe von Willebrand's disease, Type I, vWF less than 1%) the CoI-PAR was a progressive, eventually complete inhibition with no enhanced response (with ristocetin concentrations up to 3.0 mg/mL). With addition of vWF to this PRP an enhanced response was observed at a ristocetin concentration inversely proportional to the vWF level. PRP from a patient with severe Hemophilia A showed a response within the normal range. Subthreshold ristocetin did not cause plasma protein precipitation or platelet release of 3H-serotonin, nor induce micro platelet aggregate formation. Digestion of platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP(s] with chymotrypsin demonstrated that upon removal of GPI, RIPA was absent, CIPA retained and the CoI-PAR was progressive inhibition, with no enhancement. With removal of GPs I, II, and III, RIPA, CIPA, and the CoI-PAR were absent. A dose response 125I-vWF-platelet binding occurred with increasing ristocetin concentrations which was unchanged by the addition of collagen. These results demonstrated that ristocetin-platelet association inhibited CIPA, and vWF platelet binding enhanced platelet-collagen adhesion and platelet aggregation. The in vitro-enhanced CIPA represents a vWF-dependent aggregation of sufficient magnitude to overcome the inhibitory effect of ristocetin. These studies demonstrate an influential interaction of ristocetin, vWF, and collagen with the platelet membrane and imply an important hemostatic contribution of vWF-platelet binding in platelet-collagen interaction. PMID- 3489494 TI - Cytotoxicity of interleukin 2-activated lymphocytes for leukemia and lymphoma cells. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether leukemia and lymphoma cells would be lysed by autologous and allogeneic lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients and normal donors were cultured for five days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks with medium containing 2,500 units of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) per mL, and their cytotoxicity was assayed by a five-hour 51Cr-release test. Of primary tumors isolated from patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumors of 37 out of 40 patients tested were shown to be susceptible to normal donors' LAK, and tumors of 18 of 20 patients tested were shown to be susceptible to autologous LAK. LAK cultured for longer periods showed a tendency to have lower cytotoxicity. LAK had also low, but significant, levels of cytotoxicity for nonmalignant target cells. Because PBMC expanded in IL-2 containing medium consisted mainly of OKT3-positive pan T cells, OKT8-positive suppressor/cytotoxic cells, and Leu-11-positive natural killer (NK) cells, and treatment with OKT3 and Leu-11 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reduced LAK activity for autologous and allogeneic tumor cells, both T and NK cells appeared to be effector cells for LAK activity. Mechanisms of target-cell recognition in the LAK system seem to be different from those in alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) based on the results that, while cytotoxicity of alloreactive CTL was inhibited by the treatment of effector cells with mAb, OKT3, and OKT8, and by the treatment of target cells with a mAb that reacts with HLA class I antigen, LAK activity was not inhibited by the above treatment. When chromosomes of IL-2 expanded PBMC in nine patients and two normal individuals were analyzed, PBMC from one patient showed chromosomes of clonal abnormalities, and PBMC from five donors showed those of nonclonal abnormalities. PMID- 3489495 TI - t(14;14)(q11;q32) in biphenotypic blastic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - A blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia without a detectable chronic phase is reported. At diagnosis, blast cells present t(9;22)(q34;q11),t(14;14)(q11;q32) translocations and early B cell phenotype (DR +, TdT +, B4 +, BA1 +, J5 +). At relapse, the malignant clone evolves to a biphenotypic expression, the initial markers remain unchanged, and two myeloid antigens (My 7, My 9) appear. The wide overlap in percentages of blast cells displaying lymphoid and myeloid markers shows that a single clone bears antigens of both lineages. Simultaneous occurrence of a t(14;14)(q11;q32) translocation, usually found in T cell malignancies, and of a B cell phenotype raises the question of the relationship between chromosomal changes and surface marker expression. The malignant cell is assumed to be a progenitor cell, already committed to lymphoid lineage and retaining the potential to switch to myeloid lineage. PMID- 3489496 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants: evidence for B cell origin of disease by use of monoclonal antibody phenotyping. AB - Since the prognosis of infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is so poor, it has been suggested that these leukemias may not be lymphoid in origin, but may originate from stem cell, myeloid, or megakaryocytic progenitors. Alternately it has been hypothesized that these leukemias originate in lymphoid cells at the earliest stages of B cell development. Another possibility is that these leukemias may be of more than one lineage. Therefore we examined leukemic blasts from 12 infants with ALL using monoclonal antibodies to myeloid and lymphoid differentiation antigens. The majority of specimens expressed HLA/DR and reacted with B4 (CD19) but failed to react with stem cell, myeloid, megakaryocytic, or T cell associated antibodies. These results support the speculation that the majority of these leukemias arise in cells at the earliest stages of B cell commitment, and are not of a myeloid or biphenotypic nature. PMID- 3489497 TI - Single photon emission computed tomographic imaging and volume estimation of the thyroid using fan-beam geometry. PMID- 3489499 TI - Frequency of infections in cirrhotic patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - The frequency of infection at the time of admission with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage has been determined in 149 successive cirrhotic patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Infection status was investigated by clinical examination, chest X-ray, and blood, urine and ascitic fluid culture. At initial examination infection was present in 32 patients (22 per cent) and was often in the form of septicaemia or spontaneous peritonitis; the bacteria responsible were frequently digestive in origin. At endoscopy, acute lesions of gastroduodenal mucosa were more frequent among infected patients, whereas gastro-oesophageal varices and chronic gastroduodenal ulcers were more frequent among the non infected patients. Acute mucosal lesions were observed in 70 per cent of infected patients and in 19 per cent of non-infected patients. The mortality rate was higher in infected patients. Infection and the frequency of acute mucosal lesions were related to the severity of the cirrhosis. It is suggested that these lesions could be due to stress secondary to infection. PMID- 3489498 TI - Plasma fibronectin and complement activation in coronary bypass surgery. AB - In patients with severe sepsis, plasma fibronectin concentrations are reduced and complement is activated. It is not known whether complement activation interferes with plasma fibronectin. Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to activate complement. We have therefore used this operation to study the effect of complement activation on plasma fibronectin in the absence of sepsis. After 15 min of bypass the percentage changes of plasma fibronectin and haematocrit were similar (65.9 +/- s.e.m. 4.8 and 67.0 per cent +/- s.e.m. 2.3, respectively), but the changes in C3 and C5 (58.4 +/- s.e.m. 4.8 per cent and 52.5 per cent +/- s.e.m. 2.1) were significantly greater than those of the haematocrit, indicating complement consumption. During the first 60 min of bypass there was a significant increase in the neutrophil count which is compatible with complement activation. It is unlikely that complement activation alone, in the absence of sepsis, contributes to the reduction of plasma fibronectin concentrations. PMID- 3489500 TI - Local anesthetics inhibit veratridine-induced secretion of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) from cultured rat trigeminal ganglion cells. AB - Secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied with the model system of dispersed adult rat trigeminal ganglion cells. Veratridine stimulated secretion of CGRP immunoreactivity. Tetrodotoxin and local anesthetics inhibited veratridine-stimulated peptide secretion. These observations implicate sodium channels in CGRP secretion and are consistent with a role for the peptide as an extracellular neuromodulator in the sensory nervous system. PMID- 3489501 TI - Salt taste responses in the frog glossopharyngeal nerve: different receptor sites for Mg2+ and Na+. AB - The glossopharyngeal nerve of the frog responds to MgCl2 and NaCl applied to the tongue. To learn whether or not Mg2+ and Na+ react with different receptor sites, a proteolytic enzyme was topically applied to the tongue dorsum. Responses were recorded from the frog glossopharyngeal nerve during stimulation of the tongue with 100 mM MgCl2 and 500 mM NaCl. The magnitude of the MgCl2 response was selectively reduced after application of 0.1% pronase E to the dorsal tongue surface. The selective suppression of the MgCl2 response by the pronase treatment indicates that the receptor site responsible for the MgCl2 response differs from that for the NaCl response. The effect of pronase on the MgCl2 response was due to the proteolytic action. This suggests that the receptor site responsible for the MgCl2 response is composed of a protein or interacts secondarily with a protein affected by pronase treatment. It is suggested that there are multiple receptor sites for cations in salt taste reception of the frog. PMID- 3489502 TI - Electroacupuncture and morphine analgesia potentiated by bestatin and thiorphan administered to the nucleus accumbens of the rabbit. AB - The endogenous opioid peptide enkephalin (EK) is known to be degraded mainly by two enzymes, the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase 'enkephalinase' and aminopeptidase. Microinjection of the enkephalinase inhibitor thiorphan or the aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin into the nucleus accumbens of the rabbit produced a dose dependent analgesic effect. This analgesic effect was totally reversed by the narcotic antagonist naloxone or by antibodies against [Met5]enkephalin (MEK) administered to the same site. Antibodies against [Leu5]enkephalin were not effective. Moreover, microinjection of thiorphan or bestatin into the nucleus accumbens resulted in a marked potentiation of the aftereffect of electroacupuncture (EA) produced analgesia, as well as the analgesia induced by a small dose of morphine. It is concluded that the analgesic effect elicited by EA and morphine is mediated, at least in part, by MEK-like immunoreactive substance(s) in the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 3489503 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) induced by passive head rotation and goal-directed saccadic eye movements do not simply add in man. AB - Additivity between vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccadic eye movements was quantified in man by passively rotating the subject's head as he tracked a stepping target. A systematically increased gaze (i.e. eye + head) saccadic velocity was observed when the head was rotated toward the target, as compared to a head-fixed condition, indicating that VOR and saccades do not fully add. Moreover, although VOR was assumed to be inhibited during ocular saccades, mean gaze saccadic amplitude remained unchanged. This would suggest an on-line computation of gaze position to be fed back to the saccadic system in order to stop the saccade once gaze reaches its goal. PMID- 3489504 TI - Prolactin release and tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronal activity following single and double injections of morphine. AB - It is well established that opiate agonists alter tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic activity and consequently prolactin release. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of morphine on prolactin secretion and tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronal activity with respect to time after administration. Additionally, the effect of an initial morphine injection on the response produced by a second injection of morphine was determined. The rate of depletion of median eminence dopamine content following synthesis inhibition by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine was used as an index of dopaminergic neuronal activity. Male rats given a single injection of morphine sulfate (15 mg/kg, s.c.) showed a significant increase in circulating prolactin levels and had a lower rate of median eminence dopamine turnover 1 h after injection. Four hours after injection, circulating prolactin levels were similar to those in vehicle treated rats, while dopamine turnover was significantly higher than controls. When two injections of morphine sulfate (15 mg/kg, s.c.) were given 4 h apart, the stimulation of prolactin release produced by the second injection was significantly attenuated. Although this second injection caused a significant decrease in dopamine turnover, the turnover rate following this injection was significantly greater than that following the initial injection. The combination of fluoxetine and 5-hydroxytryptophan (FLX/5-HTP) caused an initial increase in prolactin secretion with plasma values returning to basal levels by 4 h. When rats were pretreated with FLX/5-HTP instead of morphine, the prolactin response to an injection of morphine 4 h later was not attenuated. Similarly a FLX/5-HTP pretreatment had no influence on a second injection of FLX/5-HTP administered 4 h later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489505 TI - Real-time measurement of dopamine release in rat brain. AB - Dopamine release at the submicromolar level has been observed in the striatum of an anesthetized rat on a millisecond time scale. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with Nafion-coated microelectrodes has been synchronized with electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle, and synaptic overflow is observed following a burst of 15 impulses. The rapid appearance of dopamine following this stimulus indicates that the source of dopamine is very close (approximately 10 micron) to the electrode. The rapid disappearance of released dopamine reflects the potency of cellular uptake for dopamine. Inhibition of dopamine uptake with nomifensine allows the measurement of dopamine overflow as a result of a single stimulus impulse or with low-frequency stimulations, both comparable to physiological dopaminergic impulse flow. PMID- 3489507 TI - Sub-second striatal dopamine release measured by in vivo voltammetry. AB - High speed cyclic voltammetry was used to measure electrically stimulated striatal dopamine release in vivo with 25 ms time resolution. Dopamine release after 1 s stimulations was readily detectable and could be manipulated by drugs known to influence dopaminergic neurones. Using data-averaging dopamine release could be detected following stimulus trains as short as 100 ms. The use of carbon fibre microelectrodes gave a spatial resolution better than 5 micron. PMID- 3489506 TI - Stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion increases flow in the extracerebral but not the cerebral circulation of the monkey. AB - The trigeminal ganglion of 9 anesthetized paralysed artificially ventilated Macaca nemestrina monkeys was electrically stimulated with frequencies varying from 0.2 to 200 Hz. This stimulation led to a frequency-dependent decrease in external carotid resistance but no significant change in internal carotid resistance was recorded. The response is probably mediated as previously described in the cat, i.e. predominantly through the greater superficial petrosal branch of the facial nerve and a small proportion through antidromic activation of the trigeminal system. Elucidation of the physiological and pharmacological mechanisms underlying such a response may aid in a better understanding of the pathophysiology of vascular headache. PMID- 3489508 TI - Evaluation of "metabolic fingerprints" of myocardial ischemia. AB - Evaluation of regional function and blood flow are used for describing regional myocardial performance. This approach however yields little if any information on regional substrate metabolism. The latter links function to blood flow. Persistence of metabolism, even though abnormal, may be critical for cell survival in myocardial ischemia. Fatty acid oxidation characteristically declines in ischemia while glycolytic flux may increase or be maintained. These changes can be evaluated with C-11 palmitate and F-18 2-fluoro 2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and leave characteristic "fingerprints" on cross-sectional positron emission tomography (PET) images. Blood flow and C-11 palmitate uptake are segmentally reduced while FDG uptake may be increased relative to flow or when compared to normal myocardium. The latter, a discordance between segmental blood flow and FDG uptake, signifies tissue viability and predicts recovery of segmental function after surgical revascularization. The pattern is more sensitive for detection of viable tissue than conventional techniques. It is also frequently seen in acute myocardial infarction. Segments with this pattern may regain function or not. Those segments that fail to improve function spontaneously may require aggressive treatment which could be decided based upon PET findings. Noninvasive detection of such "fingerprints" of myocardial ischemia by PET aids in establishing the presence of viable tissue and may therefore affect patient management. Development of quantitative criteria will be needed to more accurately predict possible tissue outcome which in turn will more clearly establish the need for more aggressive therapeutic measures in acute and chronic ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3489509 TI - Prolonged metabolic recovery allows late identification of ischemia in the absence of electrocardiographic and perfusion changes in patients with exertional angina. AB - Regional myocardial perfusion and exogenous glucose uptake were assessed in 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris using 82Rubiduim and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose with positron emission tomography. At rest regional myocardial perfusion and glucose uptake in patients were comparable with those in normals. In 7 patients and 5 normals a supine bicycle exercise test was performed within the positron camera. In all 7 patients, exercise induced typical chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic changes accompanied by regional abnormalities of myocardial perfusion which normalized 5 to 14 minutes after the end of exercise. In these patients 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose was injected during recovery from exercise when all the parameters that were altered during the test, including myocardial perfusion, were back to control. In all 7, glucose uptake in the regions which showed abnormal perfusion during exercise was significantly higher than in the non ischemic regions (i.e. the ones with a normal increment of 82Rubidium uptake during exercise). In 2 patients the test was repeated on a different day and 18F 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose was injected during exercise in the presence of frank ischemia. In contrast to the injection following exercise, in both patients, glucose uptake in the ischemic region was found to be lower than in the non ischemic ones. In conclusion, in patients recovering from exercise-induced ischemia exogenous glucose utilization is enhanced in the previously ischemic myocardium. This occurs in the absence of symptoms and electrocardiographic changes and allows the identification and location of previous myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3489510 TI - Distribution and metabolism of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat. AB - To develop a mathematical model of the distribution and metabolism of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), the time course of 125I-labelled rCRF in plasma was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats (i) following a rapid injection of 24 ng rCRF/100 g body weight (BW), or (ii) following a rapid injection of 424 ng rCRF/100 g BW, or (iii) during an infusion at a rate ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ng rCRF X min-1 X 100 g BW-1. The comparison of the one-, two-, and three compartment models shows that the two-pool structure fits better to the dynamics of CRF in plasma as measured in each rat. Following a rapid injection the decay curve occurs in a biphasic manner; the early phase of disappearance is 25 times faster than the late one. There is no significant difference between the estimates of the metabolic clearance rate following both amplitudes of injection (0.40 +/- 0.06 and 0.48 +/- 0.05 mL X min-1 X 100 g BW-1). The volume of the first pool, 16.8 +/- 1.1 mL/100 g BW, is four times larger than the plasma volume. It would thus appear that CRF is rapidly distributed from plasma into several tissues which are represented in the first pool of the model. The mean residence time of every CRF molecule in the second compartment, from the moment of secretion to its elimination, is from three to four times longer than in the first one. It stays, on average, between 140 min and 3 h in the system before an irreversible exit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489511 TI - A method for preparation of IgA from bovine mammary secretions. AB - A method for preparing purified IgA from bovine mammary secretions is described. Whey was initially fractionated by gel filtration and fractions containing IgA were pooled, concentrated and digested with pepsin. The digest was rechromatographed on the same type of gel twice and the resulting IgA preparation tested for purity by an enzyme immunoassay procedure. Five different preparations tested were found to contain no measureable IgM or IgG2 and 0.8% to 1.1% IgG1 on a weight basis. If colostral whey was digested with pepsin prior to chromatography, the IgA preparations contained 1.1% to 2% IgG1 and no measureable IgM and IgG2. The procedure provides a reasonably easy method of eliminating most of the contaminating IgG1 (dimeric) and allows preparation of quantities of IgA for immunochemical studies and standardization of serological techniques. PMID- 3489513 TI - Native Canadian participation in a blood pressure survey. PMID- 3489514 TI - Personality functioning and clinical presentation in early adolescence. II. AB - This study describes the presentation of early adolescents on clinical examination and its relation to personality function competence. As part of a longitudinal study 63 non-clinical subjects at age 13 underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview. On the basis of their responses their phenomenology, attitudes, defence mechanisms and degree of relatedness to significant others were assessed independently and blindly by two psychiatrists. Our findings show that a significant minority of early adolescents have a definite personality function disturbance and that these adolescents differ from their more competent peers on a number of characteristics identifiable in a clinical interview. Such a relationship was observed in boys as well as girls, with girls presenting no greater amount of turmoil than boys. These results indicate that adolescents cannot be adequately described as a homogeneous group. Differences in individual personality functioning result in differences in the presentation and internal experience of the early adolescent. PMID- 3489515 TI - Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in human lung tumors. AB - Using the adjacent histologically normal tissues obtained from the same patients as controls, six human lung tumors were studied for the activities of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor binding, and receptor autophosphorylation. There was a 1.2- to 2.8-fold increase in EGF receptor activities in lung tumors due to an increase in the number of receptors without changes in their affinity. The increase had no direct correlation with the degree of differentiation or the type of lung tumors. The elevated expression of EGF receptor may be one of the characteristics in lung tumors. Epidermal growth factor and its receptor also may play a role in the regulatory mechanisms during tumorigenesis. PMID- 3489512 TI - Somatization: a borderland between medicine and psychiatry. AB - Somatization is the tendency to experience and communicate psychologic distress in the form of somatic symptoms that the patient misinterprets as signifying serious physical illness. Patients with persistent somatization relentlessly seek medical diagnosis and treatment despite repeated reassurance that physical illness is either absent or insufficient to account for their symptoms and disability. Such abnormal illness behaviour leads to overuse of health care facilities and contributes to the high cost of health care. Somatization may occur transiently in response to stressful life events or it may be persistent and result in chronic partial or total disability. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines that may help physicians identify and manage such patients more effectively are discussed. PMID- 3489516 TI - Comparison of tumor-associated transplantation antigens of sublines of methylcholanthrene-induced murine tumors passaged separately in vivo for over a decade. AB - Two sublines of the methylcholanthrene-induced P815 mastocytoma, which had been passaged in vivo in separate institutions for over a decade, were compared for the expression of tumor-associated antigens in common. In cytotoxicity assays in vitro, the sublines were found to differ in expression of tumor-associated antigen(s) that were recognized by cytotoxic lymphocytes. However, in assays of tumor rejection in vivo, the sublines were found to express tumor-associated transplantation antigens in common. Both sublines were capable of inducing reciprocal cross-protection against the growth of a challenge implant of tumor cells of either subline, and both sublines were capable of inducing immunity that upon transfer of spleen cells from immunized mice to appropriate immunodeficient recipients would result in the complete regression of already established tumors of either subline. Similarly, two sublines of the methylcholanthrene-induced Meth A fibrosarcoma that had been passaged separately in vivo for over a decade were also found to induce reciprocal cross-protection against a subsequent implant of cells of either subline. These results indicate that the expression of tumor associated transplantation antigens by two methylcholanthrene-induced immunogenic tumors is quite stable and suggest that the generation of tumor-associated transplantation antigen variant cells occurs infrequently. Therefore, an explanation for the progressive growth of immunogenic tumors based on the emergence of nonimmunogenic variants is unlikely, and the probability that the emergence of antigenic variants will lead to the failure of specific adoptive immunotherapy is low. Furthermore, the results indicate that the specificity of the immune response of mice to tumors as defined by transplantation immunity in vivo and lymphocyte cytotoxicity in vitro may be quite different. Therefore, using antigenic differences defined by in vitro cytotoxicity assays to explain the behavior of immunogenic tumors in vivo should be done with caution. PMID- 3489517 TI - Antitumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin 2 in vivo: successful immunotherapy of established pulmonary metastases from weakly immunogenic and nonimmunogenic murine tumors of three district histological types. AB - We have recently shown that the systemic administration of lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) plus relatively low doses of recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) or the administration of high doses of RIL-2 alone can reduce the number of established pulmonary metastases from the weakly immunogenic MCA-105 sarcoma in mice. We have now analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments on both weakly and nonimmunogenic tumors of three distinct histological types in two different mouse strains. In all experiments, LAK cells were administered i.v. on days 3 and 6 and RIL-2 was injected i.p. from days 3 through 8 after tumor induction. The MCA-101 sarcoma was completely nonimmunogenic as defined by its inability to successfully immunize C57BL/6 mice. Nevertheless, administration of LAK cells plus 7,500-10,000 units RIL-2 was highly effective in reducing the number of established 3-day pulmonary metastases from this sarcoma [at 7,500 units RIL-2, mean number of metastases 37 +/- 11 (SE); P less than 0.05; at 100,000 units, 2 +/- 1; P less than 0.05] when compared to Hanks' balanced salt solution treated control animals (116 +/- 9). Likewise, RIL-2 alone at doses of 20,000 units/injection or greater had significant antimetastatic effects (77 +/- 12; P less than 0.05). Established 3-day pulmonary metastases from the MCA-38 adenocarcinoma in C57BL/6 mice and the M-3 melanoma in C3H mice were also susceptible to adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells plus RIL-2 and with high dose RIL-2 alone. Treatment of mice with LAK cells alone or with low doses of RIL 2 alone (less than or equal to 20,000 units/injection) had little if any antitumor effects. LAK cells were tested for cytolytic activity in vitro against tumor target cells of a variety of histological types; there was no discernible relationship between susceptibility to lysis by LAK cells in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in vivo. These findings have thus demonstrated that the successful immunotherapy of established pulmonary metastases with LAK cells plus RIL-2 or with high dose RIL-2 alone includes: tumors that are immunogenic and nonimmunogenic; tumors of distinct histological types such as sarcoma, adenocarcinoma, and melanoma; and tumors in at least two different mouse strains, C57BL/6 and C3H, and that there is little correlation between the in vitro lysability of tumor cells by LAK effectors and the susceptibility of these same tumors to successful immunotherapy in vivo. PMID- 3489518 TI - In vivo generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells in the regional lymph node: effect of subcutaneous inoculation of mls-disparate spleen cells around implanted tumors in mice. AB - Generation of immunological resistance to a B-cell tumor was attempted by inoculating histoincompatible spleen cells around the sites of implanted tumor cells. Syngeneic hybridomas developed in the regional area of 96% of the control mice but in 4% of the mice that had received s.c. inoculation of H-2-matched, mls disparate spleen cells. The regional lymph node cells of the mice in which tumors did not develop showed direct cytotoxicity against the hybridoma cells. This cytotoxicity was sensitive to treatment with the monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 and complement and was specific for the tumor cells. After s.c. inoculation of mls disparate spleen cells, cells of the regional lymph node were shown to produce interleukin 2. Primary cultures of the recipient lymph node cells and the donor spleen cells in the presence of T-cell growth factors showed that the tumor specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes were derived from the donor spleen cells. These results strongly suggest that on injection of mls antigen-disparate spleen cells, injected splenic T-cells specific for the tumor developed into functional cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with the help of interleukin 2 which was produced by the mixed lymphocyte reaction in vivo and thus prevented tumor growth. The possibility of clinical application of this procedure in the immunotherapy of neoplasms is discussed. PMID- 3489519 TI - Lack of production of interleukin 1 by human blood monocytes activated to the antitumor state by liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide. AB - Previously human blood monocytes were shown to become tumoricidal when treated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide analogue, or liposomes containing muramyl dipeptide analogue. In this study the ability of human blood monocytes activated to the antitumor state by these macrophage activators to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) was examined. Blood monocytes separated by centrifugal elutriation did not release IL-1 into the culture supernatant but elaborated IL-1 maximally within 24 h after treatment with lipopolysaccharide or desmethyl muramyl dipeptide. In contrast, they did not elaborate IL-1 when rendered tumoricidal by muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) encapsulated in multilamellar vesicle liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine in a molar ratio of 7:3. IL-1 rich supernatants that induced thymocyte proliferation were not adsorbed or destroyed by the liposomes, and addition of supernatants from cultures of monocytes treated with liposome-MTP PE to IL-1 rich supernatants did not inhibit thymocyte proliferation. MTP-PE in liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine or both in various molar ratios also did not induce IL-1 production by monocytes. These results indicate that MTP-PE encapsulated in liposomes may be useful in in situ activation of human blood monocytes to the antitumor state for destruction of clinical micrometastases because MTP-PE encapsulated in liposomes does not stimulate production of IL-1, which is responsible for undesirable side effects such as fever and granulomatous reactions. PMID- 3489520 TI - Complete regression of mouse hepatoma transplanted after partial hepatectomy and the immunological mechanism of such regression. AB - We have investigated the effect of partial hepatectomy (HEP) on tumor growth. MH 134 hepatoma cells, which were inoculated in syngeneic C3H/He mice from 3 to 10 days after HEP, grew with a linear increase in size until 7 days, began to regress, and disappeared 14 days after the inoculation. The survival rate was 100%, and the recurrence of tumor was not observed during the following 4 mo. On the other hand, the growth of another syngeneic tumor, X-5563, and of an allogeneic Ehrlich tumor was not affected by HEP. When MH-134 tumor cells were inoculated 7 days before or 15 days after HEP, tumor regression was not observed. The Winn assay showed the presence of tumor-neutralizing activity in spleen cells of MH-134 tumor-regressed mice. Cytotoxic activity against MH-134 tumor cells was also detected in the spleen cells. Analysis by using monoclonal antibodies showed that the effector cells were Thy-1+ and Lyt-2+ cells. Thus, HEP and the following liver cell regeneration may play a role in augmentation of specific immune response to the transplanted hepatoma cells. PMID- 3489522 TI - Purification and biological properties of type beta transforming growth factor from mouse transformed cells. AB - Transforming growth factor type beta (TGF beta) has been purified from serum-free culture fluids of transformed mouse L-929 cells which are capable of continual growth in serum-free medium in the absence of any exogenously added polypeptide growth factors. TGF beta has been purified to homogeneity as judged by NH2 terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Analysis of the purified polypeptide by gel electrophoresis indicates that TGF beta is composed of two polypeptide chains of Mr 12,500 cross-linked by disulfide bonds. TGF beta was characterized by its ability to induce anchorage-dependent normal rat kidney (NRK) cells to grow in soft agar in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). TGF beta was also able to enhance both EGF-induced DNA synthesis and cell proliferation on growth arrested NRK cells in monolayer cultures under serum-free conditions. We also show that in mouse melanoma B-16 cells under serum-free conditions TGF beta stimulates both DNA synthesis in monolayer cultures and anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Paradoxically, the anchorage-independent growth in the presence of serum of many human cell lines, including melanomas, and mammary, prostatic, vulvar, and lung carcinomas is inhibited by TGF beta at saturating concentrations similar to those that stimulate colony formation of the rodent cell lines L-929 and B-16 under serum-free conditions. The peculiar action of TGF beta is further revealed by the observations that while EGF and TGF beta synergize to induce inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of A-431 human vulvar carcinoma cells, their effects on the anchorage-independent growth of one human lung carcinoma cell line (A-549) and two human prostatic carcinoma cell lines (PC-3 and DU-145) are antagonistic. Moreover, we show that in the rodent and human cell lines TGF beta interacts with specific cellular receptors which may mediate the actions of TGF beta. We conclude that the expression of both TGF beta and TGF beta receptors by L-929 cells and the stimulation of growth of L-929 cells in serum-free medium by TGF beta suggests that TGF beta may be important for maintaining the transformed state of this tumor cell line, and the way in which a cell responds to TGF beta is dependent on the presence or absence of growth factors contained in the serum. PMID- 3489521 TI - Macrophage tumoricidal activity induced by human C-reactive protein. AB - Purified C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypical acute phase reactant of humans, activated inflammatory mouse macrophages to a tumoricidal state. The activation by CRP was not due to small amounts of contaminating lipopolysaccharide. CRP at 10 micrograms/ml induced significant tumoricidal capacity in resident macrophages; the mouse macrophage cell lines PU5 1.8, RAW 264.7, and J774; as well as elicited macrophages from two lipopolysaccharide nonresponder strains, C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10Sc. Macrophages obtained from bone marrow-derived monocytes grown in vitro and exudate macrophages depleted of T cells were also readily activated by microgram/ml amounts of CRP. Removal of CRP from culture medium using anti-CRP antibodies or phosphorylcholine-agarose beads abrogated the induction of tumoricidal activity. CRP acted independently of both lymphokines and lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, CRP may serve as a physiologically relevant macrophage activator, contributing to the heightened nonspecific host resistance associated with the early stages of a systemic inflammatory response. PMID- 3489523 TI - Sensitivity and selectivity of ricin toxin A chain-monoclonal antibody 791T/36 conjugates against human tumor cell lines. AB - Ricin toxin A chain (RTA) was conjugated to monoclonal antibody 791T/36, which was raised originally against human osteogenic sarcoma cell line 791T. The resultant conjugates were characterized and tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines representing a defined range of antigenicity with regard to 791T/36. Conjugates were highly cytotoxic for cells expressing high antigen density, inhibiting cell survival at RTA concentrations three to four orders of magnitude lower than that possible with RTA alone. Cytotoxicity of conjugates diminished with decreasing 791T/36 antigen concentration on target cells, but significant effects were seen against cells of low or intermediate antigenicity. Cytotoxicity could be blocked specifically by excess 791T/36 antibody, clearly indicating that antigen binding was a necessary part of the mechanism of action. Comparison with drug-antibody conjugates indicated that RTA immunotoxins are much more active, but discriminate less readily than drug antibody conjugates between cells of different antigenicity. It is suggested that these properties be taken into account with regard to practical application and future development. PMID- 3489525 TI - Effect of corticosteroid on the antitumor activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin 2 in mice. AB - The adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells combined with low dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) mediates the regression of established pulmonary metastases in mice and has efficacy in the treatment of human cancer. Systemic administration of high dose IL-2 alone can mediate tumor regression. Cortisone acetate (CA), 25-75 mg/kg, was administered daily to mice receiving high dose IL 2 for 10 days. CA significantly reduced the toxicity induced by IL-2; 38 of 48 mice receiving CA survived compared to 0 of 30 controls (P less than 0.0001). In addition, CA administration caused a decrease in IL-2-induced 125I-labeled albumin leakage in mouse organs. However, CA abrogated the in vivo antitumor effect of high dose IL-2, and to a lesser extent the therapeutic effect of exogenous LAK cells plus lower dose IL-2. Mice treated with 100,000 units of IL-2 showed 98, 63, and 33% reductions of pulmonary metastases in Hanks' balanced salt solution, 25 mg Ca/kg, and 75 mg Ca/kg groups, respectively; treatment with LAK and 7,500 units of IL-2 resulted in reductions of 94, 77, and 57% in these same groups. CA treatment of animals did not affect LAK generation, although the absolute number of LAK precursors was greatly reduced. These results show that although CA can reduce the toxic effect(s) of IL-2, it can be detrimental to successful immunotherapy using this approach. PMID- 3489526 TI - Effect of immunotherapy with allogeneic lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin 2 on established pulmonary and hepatic metastases in mice. AB - The adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in conjunction with the systemic administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) results in the regression of established pulmonary and hepatic micrometastases from a variety of immunogenic and nonimmunogenic murine tumors in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Recent studies have shown that this therapeutic approach can mediate the regression of cancer in humans as well. Because of the practical difficulties in obtaining syngeneic or autologous LAK cells for the therapy of cancer in humans we have now evaluated the antitumor efficacy of allogeneic LAK cells generated from different strains of mice. The in vitro lysis of fresh tumor targets by LAK cells is not a major histocompatibility complex-restricted phenomenon since LAK cells of BALB/c-H-2d, DBA/2-H-2d, and C3H-H-2k origin all exhibited lytic activity when tested against allogeneic MCA-102-H-2b tumor cells in short term 51Cr release assays. In vivo, the i.v. transfer of allogeneic LAK cells combined with i.p. injections of RIL-2 reduced the number of established pulmonary metastases induced by either MCA-105 or MCA-101 tumors which are syngeneic to C57BL/6 hosts. The extent of reduction of these pulmonary metastases by the allogeneic LAK cells was directly dependent upon the dose of RIL-2 given; increasing doses of systemically administered RIL-2 resulted in increasingly greater reduction in the numbers of established 3-day pulmonary sarcoma metastases. In dose titration experiments, adoptive transfer of at least 2 doses of 10(8) allogeneic LAK cells was necessary to achieve significant antitumor effect in vivo. Allogeneic LAK cells were also successful in mediating significant regression of hepatic micrometastases. Again, the i.v. transfer of allogeneic LAK cells had a smaller therapeutic benefit compared to i.v. transfer of syngeneic LAK cells. When allogeneic LAK cells were injected intraportally, however, they were as effective as syngeneic LAK cells. Allogeneic LAK cells had little, if any, therapeutic effect on established pulmonary and hepatic metastases when administered to recipients previously immunized to the histocompatibility antigens on the donor cells. Taken together, our results indicate that allogeneic LAK cells from several strains of mice are effective in lysing fresh MCA-102 tumor in vitro and that when given i.v. in sufficient numbers, in conjunction with RIL-2, they can mediate significant reduction in the number of established pulmonary and hepatic micrometastases in nonalloimmunized C57BL/6 mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489524 TI - Clonal variation in tumorigenicity of L1210 lymphoma cells: nontumorigenic variants with an enhanced expression of tumor-associated antigen and Ia antigens. AB - Clonal variations in the tumorigenicity and in the expressions of tumor associated antigens (TAA) as well as normal cell surface antigens were studied using clones of a highly tumorigenic DBA/2 lymphoma, L1210, which were isolated by limiting dilution in vitro. The majority of the clones were highly tumorigenic (tum+) in normal syngeneic mice, as was the parent L1210. The rest were nontumorigenic (tum-) in such mice; these clones, however, were tumorigenic in host mice that had been immunosuppressed by irradiation with 450 rads. Moreover, these tum- variants were shown to have an ability to elicit, in syngeneic mice, strong host resistance specifically directed against challenge with the parent L1210 and tum+ cloned cells and an ability to generate an in vitro primary syngeneic cytotoxic T-cell response against L1210 clones, indicating an enhanced immunogenicity in tum- variants. The expression of TAA by tumor clones was defined by determining the reactivity of monoclonal antibody, raised in syngeneic mice against an immunogenic L1210 subline, L1210/GZL. Marked clonal variation in the expression of monoclonal antibody-defined TAA was demonstrated, while no significant variation was seen in the H-2Dd expression. There was an inverse relationship between the TAA expression and the tumorigenicity. Furthermore, the enhanced expression of the TAA and the increased immunogenicity was associated with the I-Ad expression on the tum- variants. The unique characteristics of the tumor variants were very stable and heritable although occasional revertant phenotypes were detected on some clones. The results suggest that the tumor variants bearing distinct immunological properties exist in the parent L1210 line and carry a potential to modulate host immune responses directed against tumor cells. PMID- 3489527 TI - Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells in strain 2 guinea pigs with human interleukin-2. AB - Culture of spleen cells from strain 2 guinea pigs with Jurkat interleukin-2 (IL 2) resulted in the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Maximum LAK activity was induced using 5000 pmol of IL-2. Incubation of spleen cells with IL-2 for as little as 8 h resulted in detectable LAK activity. LAK cell activity was transient and could be stimulated by adding back IL-2. LAK cell activity was enriched in a 1.085 single-step percoll gradient. Admixture of guinea pig LAK cells with the line 10 hepatoma prior to intradermal injection resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. Systemic passive transfer of LAK cells together with concurrent IL-2 resulted in a significant inhibition of metastatic tumor growth. PMID- 3489528 TI - Secretion of glycosylated human interleukin-2 by recombinant mammalian cell lines. AB - The production of glycosylated forms of the human T cell growth factor (interleukin-2, IL-2) has been studied after transfection of a mouse L cell line and a chinese hamster ovary cell line with a plasmid containing the human chromosomal interleukin-2 gene. Both cell lines produced IL-2 constitutively. Based on their behavior in reversed-phase l.c. and their sodium dodecyl sulfate gel-electrophoresis pattern, human IL-2 protein secreted by L cells showed a similar distribution of glycosylated (Mr 16 500) and nonglycosylated (Mr 14 500) forms as the natural protein secreted by human peripheral lymphocytes, whereas the hamster cell line secreted preponderantly the glycosylated forms. Exoglycosidase digestion of the 16 500 Mr IL-2 protein shifted the gel electrophoretic mobility towards the low-molecular weight form as is true for the natural glycosylated IL-2, which contains the usual tetrasaccharide alpha-NeuAc (2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-[alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)]-D-GalNAc (IL-2 N2) and the trisaccharide alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-D-GalNAc (IL-2 N1) as the major carbohydrate constituents. These results support the applicability of recombinant DNA technology as a tool for studying glycoprotein biosynthesis in mammalian cells. PMID- 3489529 TI - [The effect of revascularization on functional disorders of the left heart ventricle]. PMID- 3489530 TI - Human IL-3 (multi-CSF): identification by expression cloning of a novel hematopoietic growth factor related to murine IL-3. AB - A cDNA clone encoding a novel hematopoietic growth factor activity produced by a gibbon T cell line has been identified using a mammalian cell expression cloning system. The sequence of this cDNA proved to have significant homology to the sequence encoding murine interleukin 3 (IL-3). The human gene, which was readily identified because of its high degree of homology to the gibbon sequence, also displayed significant homology with the murine IL-3 sequence. The recombinant gibbon IL-3 protein proved to have multipotent colony stimulating activity when tested with normal human bone marrow cells, proving that this primate hematopoietin is not only structurally but also functionally related to murine IL 3. PMID- 3489531 TI - Splenocytes and bone marrow cells from T-cell deficient Nu/Nu mice secrete interleukin 3 activity after stimulation in vitro. AB - We show here that the combination of Concanavalin A (Con A), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and Ionomycin (Iono) reproducibly stimulated splenocytes from Nu/Nu mice and bone marrow cells from both normal and Nu/Nu mice to secrete interleukin 3 (IL-3) in vitro. IL-3 was measured by its property of supporting the growth of four different clones known to grow only in IL-3. None of the agents indicated above nor several other types of stimuli tested could induce the cells to secrete IL-3 activity. IL-3 activity from induced cells of either tissue was detected after 24 hr of culture, peaked at 48 hr and either declined by 72-96 hr of culture (bone marrow cells) or remained relatively constant through the 4 day culture period (splenocytes). The cells participating in the production of IL 3 activity in Nu/Nu spleen were THY1+, L3T4-, LyT2-, B-220-, J11d-, Ia-, and those in the marrow from either normal or Nu/Nu mice were THY1+, J11d+, L3T4-, LyT2-, B-220-, Ia-. Finally, we present evidence that Ia-positive cells negatively regulate the production of IL-3 activity by both splenocytes and marrow cells. We conclude that Nu/Nu splenocytes and bone marrow cells from both normal and Nu/Nu mice can secrete IL-3 activity after proper stimulation in vitro and that such property is negatively regulated by Ia-positive cells. PMID- 3489532 TI - Immune sensitization to syngeneic organ-specific intestinal antigens in the Lewis rat. AB - In human chronic inflammatory bowel disease involving mucosal epithelium, sera and lamina propria mononuclear cells are reactive with cell surface components isolated from gut epithelial cells. To define a model system in which the disease inducing potential of such immune factors could be rigorously evaluated, we sought to immunologically sensitize inbred murine strains to syngeneic colonic epithelial cell-associated components (ECAC-C), to define precise in vivo and in vitro conditions to optimize ECAC-C reactivity, and to initially explore whether such cells could elicit tissue injury in epithelium after adoptive transfer to naive animals. Following footpad immunization, Day 42 lymph node cells but not splenocytes were reactive with syngeneic ECAC-C, as shown by a linear increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation over a wide range of antigen concentration (0.5 to 100 micrograms/ml). A subsequent 48-hr exposure to ECAC-C and/or interleukin 2 resulted in a more restricted responsiveness, proliferation occurring only in the presence of ECAC-C or mitogen and not to a coimmunogen (PPD). Further evidence that lymph node cells from ECAC-C/CFA immunized animals were indeed sensitized to syngeneic ECAC-C included ability of donor animals to mount highly significant earlobe DTH responses to ECAC-C, indicating the presence of antigen-specific T DTH cells, and the failure of polymyxin B, in doses sufficient to inhibit LPS induced mitogenesis, to reduce lymph node cell responsiveness to ECAC-C, known to be contaminated with LPS. ECAC-C-specific circulating antibody and T-cytotoxic cells were not detected. Adoptive transfer of Day 42 lymph node cells, sensitized in vivo and conditioned in vitro, was not associated with tissue injury in syngeneic recipients in preliminary experiments. This model system, with antigen specific cells analogous to those present in diseased mucosa of human chronic inflammatory bowel disease, may be an important means to determine the pathophysiologic significance of anti-epithelial cell immune responses in these disorders. PMID- 3489534 TI - Studies of immune responses in mice prone to autoimmune disorders. II. Decreased down-regulation by auto-anti-idiotype antibody in autoimmune-prone mice. AB - Three lines of evidence are presented which suggest that autoimmune-prone mice are deficient in the production of auto-anti-idiotype antibody during their immune response to trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-F). NZB, MRL lpr/lpr and older BXSB male mice have no hapten-augmentable plaque-forming cells (PFC). Hapten augmentable PFC have been previously shown to be cells whose secretion of antibody has been inhibited by the binding of auto-anti-idiotype antibody to cell surface idiotype. Sera from TNP-F immunized NZB mice lack PFC inhibiting activity (anti-idiotype antibody). Spleen cells from TNP-F immune NZB mice fail to transfer anti-idiotype antibody-mediated suppression to naive mice as do spleen cells from immune non-autoimmune-prone mice. Taken together these data suggest that autoimmune-prone mice are deficient in auto-anti-idiotype antibody-mediated downward regulation of their immune responses. It was further shown that the immune response of NZB mice to TNP-F shows a slower decline in splenic PFC and a greater heterogeneity of PFC affinity than do the responses of non-autoimmune prone strains. Since athymic (nude) mice, which were previously shown to be defective in the production of auto-anti-idiotype antibody, also show a slower decline in splenic PFC and an increased heterogeneity of PFC affinity, it is suggested that these peculiarities of the immune responses of autoimmune-prone and athymic mice are also the consequences of the lack of auto-anti-idiotype antibody-mediated down-regulation. PMID- 3489535 TI - In vitro primary allo-CTL generation by enucleated antigen-presenting cells. AB - It is generally thought that only viable cells can elicit a primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. We present evidence that this is not so, since enucleated tumor cells can generate a strong cytolytic response of unprimed allogeneic human T lymphocytes. Cytoplasts (enucleated cells) were obtained by incubation with cytochalasin B and subsequent isopycnic centrifugation. Their purity was assessed by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Membrane fractions were prepared by nitrogen cavitation, and used in parallel with cytoplasts and intact cells as stimulators in primary allo-CTL generation; although all cell fractions expressed high amounts of class I and II histocompatibility antigens, as assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA technique, only the cytoplasts generated a strong cytotoxic response of naive peripheral T cells, like that induced by intact cells. The dogma that an intact and metabolically active stimulator cell is required for the primary generation of CTLs is questioned. PMID- 3489533 TI - Similarities and distinctions between murine natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. AB - Pretreatment of mice with rabbit anti-asialo GM1 removes both natural killer (NK) effector cells and NK cells responsive to interleukin 2 (IL-2). Spleen cells from these mice do possess normal lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. Young mice (less than 3 weeks of age) do not have NK activity and do not possess IL-2 inducible NK effector cells. Similarly to anti-asialo GM1-treated mice, LAK cells can be generated from these mice. While these experiments indicate clear distinctions between a certain level of NK and LAK precursors, the distinctions are not as clear when analyzing mice congenitally deficient in NK cells. Beige mice which lack NK effector cells and IL-2-inducible NK cells also lack the ability to generate LAK cells. The relationships and differences between NK- and LAK-cell precursors and effectors are discussed. PMID- 3489536 TI - Functional heterogeneity of murine macrophage precursor cells from spleen and bone marrow. AB - We previously reported that highly purified bone marrow-derived macrophage precursors can exert strong spontaneous cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor cells, Candida albicans, and protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In the present paper, evidence is shown that macrophage precursors in normal untreated mice are not confined to the bone marrow compartment but can also be found in the spleen. These organ-associated cells, which have the same buoyant density as large granular lymphocytes, have been positively sorted by means of an indirect rosetting technique employing the macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies F4/80 and M143. The rosetting fractions represented an extremely homogeneous population of macrophage precursors characterized by high candidacidal and natural killer activity and by a strong proliferative response to the macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor CSF-1. Spleen- and bone marrow-derived macrophage precursors differed in their target selectivity. In addition, the mature macrophages derived in vitro from these two precursor populations displayed striking differences in their candidacidal activity. The implications of these findings in relationship to heterogeneity in the macrophage differentiation line are discussed. PMID- 3489537 TI - Idiotype-specific T suppressor factor alternatively interacts with a nonspecific T-acceptor-like cell to mediate immune suppression. AB - The ability of the idiotype (Id)-specific second-order T suppressor factor (TsF2) to interact with a final effector Ts cell type other than the previously reported third-order Ts (Ts3) subset was studied in the phenyltrimethylamino (TMA) hapten system. Hence, mice were primed with unrelated heterologous haptens to induce the nonspecific T acceptor (Tacc) cells following published procedures. When enriched T cell populations containing these nonspecific Ts were briefly incubated in vitro with TMA-TsF2, they produced suppression upon adoptive transfer into cyclophosphamide-treated mice which had been previously immunized for TMA specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. Despite the fact that the effector population studied in this report also required Id-binding TsF2 for its function, it differs markedly from the Ts3 subset studied previously in the TMA system. First, the cell type studied herein could be easily generated with noncrossreacting heterologous chemically reactive haptens when applied directly to the skin of mice. Furthermore, these Ts effector cells had no detectable intrinsic receptors for homologous haptens and most importantly, unlike Ts3, this population had no affinity for the TMA hapten. Nevertheless, the nonspecifically induced Ts once activated by TsF2 suppresses TMA-directed, but not similar immune responses specific for heterologous haptens. Thus the results indicate that TsF2 can functionally interact with a final effector Ts subset (very similar to the Tacc) other than the well described Ts3 population. The ramifications of these findings are discussed with reference to a generalized view of the cellular basis of terminal phases of immune suppression. PMID- 3489538 TI - An in vitro model for clonal anergy in continuously growing antigen-specific B cell lines. AB - Two continuously growing nonmalignant B-cell lines specific for the hapten DNP have been used to study tolerance in developing B cells. These cell lines have previously been shown to consist of small cells without sIgM but with cytoplasmic mu chains, and mature sIgM- and sIgD-bearing cells. When the sIgM-negative cells are placed in culture, mature DNP-specific B cells begin to appear. The studies reported here have shown that when these cell lines were propagated in the presence of either 200 micrograms/ml or 1 mg/ml of the tolerogen DNP-MGG there was no inhibition of cell line growth as measured by thymidine incorporation, and no inhibition of receptor expression by maturing B cells. The cell line lymphocytes propagated in the presence of 200 micrograms/ml DNP-MGG for 7, 30, 45, or 60 days became tolerant and the tolerance persisted for at least 6 days after removal of DNP-MGG. However, tolerance was lost between 6 and 10 days after removal of DNP-MGG. Propagation of the cell lines for 30 days in either DNP-KLH or DNP-Ficoll produced the same results. Limiting dilution cultures of cell line lymphocytes made tolerant by growing them for 30 days in the presence of DNP-MGG demonstrated that there was a marked decrease in precursor frequency compared to controls. However, cell line lymphocytes made tolerant by a 48-hr incubation with DNP-MGG did not have a significant decrease in precursor frequency. These data suggest that tolerance induced by growing these cell lines in the presence of DNP MGG is a valid in vitro model of tolerance in developing antigen-specific B cells. Tolerance induced in this model is consistent with the clonal anergy hypothesis, but requires the continued presence of DNP-MGG to maintain unresponsiveness. This suggests that clonal anergy can occur in B cells but may not be the sole mechanism of self tolerance for those antigens which are sequestered from the immune system. PMID- 3489540 TI - Natural cytotoxic T cells (NCTC) that differ from natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) cells are present in Peyer's patches of mice. AB - We have examined noninduced cytotoxicity of mouse gut associated and peripheral lymphoid tissues for a wide variety of syngeneic as well as allogeneic cell lines and lymphoblasts. Lymphoid cells from Peyer's patches were found to lyse these targets in a 3-hr chromium release assay whereas lymphoid cells from intestinal mucosa, mesenteric or peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus did not. The variety of targets toward which Peyer's patch cells were cytotoxic established the latter as nonspecific and H-2 unrestricted. The cell responsible for the lytic event was identified as possessing Thy 1.2 and Ia surface antigens. This naturally cytotoxic T cell (NCTC) was found to be adherent to nylon-wool but not to plastic plates. Although both natural killer cell (NK) and non-NK targets served as targets for the NCTC, the latter were further differentiable from NK cells by lack of asialo GM1 surface marker, which is present on NK cells. In addition, NCTC remained fully functional in mice given either of the drugs cyclophosphamide or cortisone. Each of these drugs, in the doses used, markedly reduced poly(I:C)-induced NK activity. Thus, NCTC differs from NK on the basis of the spectrum of targets against which it is functional, phenotypic surface markers, insusceptibility to stimulation with poly(I:C), and insensitivity to diminution by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclophosphamide and hydrocortisone. Since NCTC is a Thy 1.2 antigen-bearing cell and is detectable in a 3-hr cytotoxic assay, it also differs from the natural cytotoxic (NC) cell. NC lacks the Thy 1.2 marker and becomes detectable only in an 18-hr cytotoxic assay. Thus, NCTC is neither an NK nor an NC cell. We have discussed the possibility that the three naturally occurring cells may be related by being dedifferentiated descendants of an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). Alternatively, since NCTC is confined to an anatomical site prone to ample antigenic exposure and is still identifiable as a T cell, it may be in linear transition from the CTL to the NK or NC stages. PMID- 3489539 TI - Stimulation of murine lymphocyte responses by cations. AB - The capacity of the heavy cations Pb, Ni, and Zn to modulate murine in vitro lymphocyte responses was examined. Pb and Ni (100 microM) were shown to enhance the in vitro plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells while 100 microM Zn had inhibitory effects. Each metal was able to stimulate the proliferation of murine splenocytes as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiography. The enhancing effect of the metals on the PFC response was observed whether the results were expressed on a per culture or a per cell basis, indicating an actual increase in B-cell differentiation. Both the PFC response and the proliferative response were shown to be sensitive to the type of medium employed (M-199 gave optimum results) and to the presence or absence of 2 mercaptoethanol. As in autologous mixed-lymphocyte responses peak proliferation occurred after Day 5 in culture, was cell density dependent, and required the presence of both T cells and Ia+ cells. Treatment of splenocytes with anti-Thy 1.2, anti-Lyt-1, or anti-L3T4 plus complement completely abrogated the proliferative response, indicating that a Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-, L3T4+ T-cell was required for the induction of proliferation. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the metals are capable of modifying the immune response directed at self either by directly altering self constituents (class II) or by modulating the autologous T-cell response. PMID- 3489541 TI - The functional loss of human natural killer cell activity induced by K562 is reversible via an interleukin-2-dependent mechanism. AB - In a recent study, we evaluated the functional status of human natural killer (NK) cells after their interaction with the NK-sensitive tumor target cell (TC), K562. We demonstrated that effector cells (EC), after treatment with K562 for 4 hr, lost greater than 90% of their original lytic activity. In this investigation, we examined whether this functional loss of NK cell activity represented an irreversible event in the NK lytic mechanism. Initial studies focused on the ability of K562-inactivated EC (ECi), which had been separated from their TC, to recover cytolytic activity following an 18-hr incubation. Our results indicated that ECi recovered 28% of their lytic activity in complete medium (CM) alone, 64% in CM containing interferon-beta (IFN-beta), and 91% in CM supplemented with interleukin 2 (IL-2). Analysis of the data revealed, however, that neither IFN-beta nor IL-2 simply boosted the lytic capacity of NK cells which initially escaped inactivation, but also, each cytokine affected the lytic capabilities of EC that were either truly inactivated by K562 or precursor NK (pre-NK) cells. Thus, to evaluate further the basis of IFN-beta and IL-2-induced ECi augmentation, we first treated the EC with IFN-beta or IL-2 prior to their interaction with K562 so that pre-NK cell subsets would be promoted to fully competent NK cells. Both pretreated EC preparations, after interacting with K562 for 4 hr, lost greater than 90% of their original lytic activities. NK inactivation did not result from cell death nor reflect alterations in conjugate formation or the percentages of Leu-7- and Leu-11-positive EC. IL-2-pretreated ECi, as did ECi, regained some lytic activity after incubation in CM alone, but recovered significantly more activity in CM containing IFN-beta or IL-2. In contrast to the restimulation profiles obtained for ECi and IL-2-pretreated ECi, IFN-pretreated ECi regained lytic function after incubation with IL-2, but not appreciably with IFN-beta or in CM alone. Overall, these findings suggest that EC, either untreated or pretreated with IFN-beta or IL-2, significantly lose their lytic capabilities following interaction with K562 while retaining their ability to bind to the TC; IFN-beta acts predominantly on pre-NK cells, but not on ECi; and IL-2 appears to play an important role in restoring lytic potential to functionally inactive NK cells. PMID- 3489542 TI - Sensitized (T6 x RFM)F1 donor B cells contribute to hypergammaglobulinemia and to poor primary responses in RFM mice with allogenic host versus graft disease. AB - Experimental host versus graft (HVG) disease is the fatal immunodeficiency syndrome which is induced in susceptible strains of inbred mice by the perinatal inoculation of related F1 hybrid spleen cells. The allogenic HVG reaction results in severe T-cell depletion, but hyperplasia of B cells, of which some are F1 donor in origin. To investigate the role of F1 donor B cells in the development of hyperglobulinemia in HVG mice which respond poorly to primary antigenic challenge, antibodies to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) of (T6 x RFM)F1 donor B cell origin were used as markers for the engraftment of primed donor B cells in RFM hosts, and as sequential measures of the allogenic reaction on them. F1 donor B cells sensitized to HRP survived different stages of the HVG reaction after inoculation on Day 1 or Day 8 after birth. Tests for the anti-HRP antibody output of RFM host cells, and engrafted HRP-primed and unprimed (T6 x RFM)F1 donor cells suggested that the hyperglobulinemia seen in HVG mice was caused principally by antigen-primed, F1 donor B cells stimulated by the allogenic effect, with or without further exposure to the antigen(s) to which the donors had been sensitized prior to transplantation. The poor primary responses were attributed to the engraftment of the many donor B cells already committed, to the immunological immaturity of the host B cells, and to the lack of T-cell help for adult unprimed F1 donor B cells. Taken together with previous work, the data also suggest that antigen-primed donor B cells were engrafted in preference to equally histoincompatible donor T cells and unprimed donor B cells. PMID- 3489544 TI - Treatment of resting T lymphocytes with interferon-alpha/beta augments their proliferative response to activation signals delivered through their surface Ly-6 antigen. AB - Although the exact significance of Ly-6 antigens is unknown, recent evidence suggests they may provide an important alternative pathway for murine T-cell activation. Thus, Shevach et al. (1986, Fed. Proc. 45, 1131) discovered that cross-linking of Ly-6 antigens on the cell surface acts in concert with phorbol myristate acetate to trigger mitogenesis in T cells. Previously, we reported that surface expression of Ly-6 antigens on T cells is markedly increased following exposure to interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta). The purpose of the present work was to determine the effect of IFN-induced Ly-6 enhancement on Ly-6-mediated T-cell stimulation. Purified T cells were incubated in vitro for 1-27 hr with various doses (10-10(4) units/ml) of IFN-alpha/beta. This was found to result in various degrees of augmentation of the proliferative responses of these T cells to stimulation through their Ly-6 antigen. Surprisingly, while maximal enhancement of Ly-6 expression occurred only after the longest pulses with the highest IFN concentrations, treatment with as little as 100 units IFN/ml for 12 hr was sufficient to induce a dramatic (25-fold) and nearly maximal enhancement of proliferation. This high sensitivity to IFN-alpha/beta of the Ly-6 pathway of T-cell activation led us to speculate that this pathway may play a role in the immunomodulatory activities of IFN-alpha/beta. PMID- 3489543 TI - The repertoire of anti-TNP antibodies in mice neonatally suppressed with anti IgM. AB - Previous studies have shown that mice immunized with TNP-Ficoll when young, adult, or aged expressed different repertoires of anti-TNP antibodies. The aim of the present study was to find out whether this age-related nonrandom progression was driven by antigen, and whether it was regulated by the immune network through surface-Ig receptors on B lymphocytes. The approach utilized was to block receptor expression on B lymphocytes of mice by the chronic administration of anti-IgM from birth for approximately 1 year, and then compare their subsequent antibody response to that of age-matched control animals. The results obtained have shown that the age-dependent shift in the anti-TNP repertoire expressed could take place in animals whose B lymphocytes were blind to antigen and anti-id for the greater part of their lives and thus suggest that the regulatory events responsible for this shift may be (surface Ig) receptor independent. PMID- 3489545 TI - Augmentation of interleukin-2 release by cytochalasins. AB - Augmentation of mitogen-induced release of the T cell lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) occurred using several cytochalasins in coculture with a T cell lymphoma line (JM) or with purified T cells. When added concurrently with mitogen, cytochalasins had no apparent negative effect either on the ability of mitogen to signal IL-2 production or on the total amount produced. Use of cytochalasins that affect submembranous actin in peripheral lymphocytes established a link between cytoskeletal alterations and lymphokine release, although direct membrane perturbation cannot be excluded. These data indicate that an intracellular pool of IL-2 may accumulate in both T cell lines and in purified peripheral T cells and that maintenance of that pool may be affected by alterations of the cytoskeletal elements. Cytochalasins not only increased IL-2 release, but could substitute for phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) in supporting mitogen-signaled IL-2 production. We interpret these data also to indicate that cytoskeletal attachment to the surface molecules that signal IL-2 production is not needed for the activation. PMID- 3489546 TI - The regulation of tissue eosinophilia. IV. Purification and properties of eosinophil-directed chemotactic inhibitory factors from complete Freund's adjuvant-treated guinea pigs. AB - Eosinophil-directed chemotactic inhibitory factors (ECIF) from T lymphocytes of complete Freund's adjuvant-treated guinea pigs were recovered in two separate molecular weight (MW) fractions: the one is eluted near bovine serum albumin (MW about 70,000), and in pH range between 7.0 and 7.5 by chromatofocusing column, whereas the other is near cytochrome c (MW 12,500), and in pH range between 5.0 and 5.5. It was, however, found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoadsorption that the high molecular ECIF is probably an aggregated form of the low molecular ECIF. It was subsequently confirmed that both the ECIF had similar physicochemical properties: sensitive to heating at 56 or 80 degrees C sensitive to enzyme treatment with trypsin and neuraminidase, sensitive in acid but not alkaline condition, and bind to peanut agglutinin-or Limulus polyphemus agglutinin-coupled agarose beads. The inhibitory activity of ECIF was suppressed by previous treatment of eosinophils with D-galactose and sialic acid. ECIF activity was specifically absorbed by eosinophils; the absorption was inhibited by pretreatment of eosinophils with D-galactose and sialic acid. Previous treatment of eosinophils with beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase led the cells not to respond to both ECIF. It was thus suggested that the inhibition by ECIF is receptor-mediating phenomenon, and that ECIF and ECIF receptors on eosinophils contain galactose and sialic acid residues which may play an essential role for the biological activity. PMID- 3489547 TI - Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages: inhibition of interleukin-2 and augmentation of interleukin 1 production. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes and activated, but not resting, lymphocytes possess specific intracellular receptors for the active metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). The effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the function of these cells was therefore examined. The addition of physiologic concentrations of the hormone (0.001-0.1 nM) to lectin- or antigen-activated lymphocytes resulted in inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Supernatants from lectin-activated lymphocytes incubated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 had reduced interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity. The immediate biological precursor of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, did not affect function of lymphocytes or monocytes. The ability of exogenous recombinant IL-2 to reverse the inhibitory effects of the hormone on lymphocyte proliferation suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 does not alter the generation of IL-2 receptors. In contrast to its effects on IL-2 production, 1,25 (OH)2D3 caused a dose-dependent increase in the production of interleukin-1 (IL 1) by monocyte/macrophages. These results suggest that immune cells and their products can be regulated in a specific but diverse fashion by the vitamin D3 endocrine system. PMID- 3489548 TI - Antibodies to immune response gene products inhibit the IgM and IgG antibody response but not the development of resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - We have examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody directed against immune response gene products on the appearance of antibodies and development of resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. In vivo administration of a single dose of anti I-Ak antibody to C3H/He (H-2k) and not BALB/c (H-2d) mice suppressed both the IgM and IgG response to two different strains of Toxoplasma. Administration of anti-I Ak antibody to mice 5 days before and 10 days after infection resulted in complete inhibition of IgM and a more pronounced inhibition of IgG response to Toxoplasma. Under these experimental conditions, development of resistance against a subsequent challenge with a virulent strain of Toxoplasma was not affected. The microbicidal and tumoricidal activities of macrophages obtained from anti-I-Ak-treated, Toxoplasma-infected mice and mice infected with Toxoplasma alone were equivalent. Mice treated with anti-I-Ak antibody demonstrated a decreased proliferative response to lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen. Enumeration of B-cell numbers in anti-I-Ak-treated mice revealed a pronounced decrease in B-cell counts. PMID- 3489549 TI - B-lymphocyte regulation of the immune system. III. Preparation and characterization of rabbit antibodies that inhibit the biological activity of the lymphokine, B-cell-derived enhancing factor (BEF). AB - Antibodies that inhibit the biological activity of B-cell-derived enhancing factor (BEF) were produced in a rabbit immunized with BEF obtained from a non immunoglobulin-producing B-cell line. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions purified from the preimmune or the immune rabbit serum were compared by testing for their capacity to inhibit regulatory activities of BEF. It was found that the enhancing activity exerted by BEF on the in vitro antibody response to sheep red blood cells was inhibited when anti-BEF IgG was incorporated in the cultures. Moreover, anti-BEF IgG abolished the inhibitory activity exerted by BEF on the expression of Fc receptor by lymphoid cells. Comparable concentrations of preimmune IgG were ineffective in inhibiting BEF activity. The passage of supernatant fluid containing BEF activity through an anti-BEF IgG-coupled Sepharose column yielded an 84-fold purified product that exhibit BEF immunoregulatory properties. These results will accelerate further studies aimed at better characterization of the BEF molecule(s). PMID- 3489551 TI - Demonstration of T-cell dysfunction during acute toxoplasma infection. AB - Mice were infected with the virulent RH and the relatively avirulent C56 strains of Toxoplasma gondii (TG). The concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated lymphoproliferative response of these animals and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by their lymphocytes were assessed 3 and 6 days postinfection. The proliferative response of splenocytes (SC) and T-enriched cells from all infected groups was significantly (P less than 0.05-0.005) depressed. Partial removal of macrophages (m phi) or addition of indomethacin had no effect on the depressed proliferative response of SC from mice infected with the RH strain of TG for 6 days (RH6), and only partially improved that from the other infected groups. IL-2 production of T enriched cells, obtained by scrupulously removing m phi using sequential adherence of SC to plastic and nylon wool, was markedly decreased in all infected mice. These data indicate that both m phi and T cells are involved in the immunodepression in toxoplasmosis. Except for the RH6 group, the depressed lymphoproliferative responses of all infected groups were entirely reconstituted by exogenous IL-2, but their peak response never reached that of the control group. Therefore, the decreased lymphoproliferation could not be explained solely by a defect in IL-2 production. The proliferative response of the RH6 lymphocytes, in the presence of Con A, was significantly lower than without Con A at each IL-2 concentration added. This suggests the presence of an active suppressor factor inducible by Con A. The RH strain of TG caused a greater degree of immunodepression than the C56 strain, suggesting an association between the virulence of different strains of TG with their ability to immunosuppress. PMID- 3489552 TI - Immunity to Plasmodium yoelii: kinetics of the generation of T and B lymphocytes that passively transfer protective immunity against virulent challenge. AB - Adoptive immunization of A/Tru mice with splenic B cells or T cells from syngeneic donors with a primary, nonvirulent, Plasmodium yoelii (17X) infection confers on these recipients the capacity to resist a challenge infection with a virulent strain (YM) of P. yoelii. Unfractionated spleen cells as well as spleen cells enriched for T or B cells capable of transferring protective immunity were detected as early as Day 7 of the primary nonvirulent infection, and reached peak levels on Day 14. Spleen cells that were harvested from donor animals after resolution of the immunizing infection [on Days 21 or 28] were incapable of transferring protective immunity. The capacity of 7-day immune spleen cells to transfer immunity could be abolished by pretreatment with mitomycin C. In addition, it was found that immunocompetent recipient mice were required for successful adoptive immunization, since thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted mice infused with immune spleen cells failed to survive lethal challenge infections. PMID- 3489550 TI - Monoclonal anti-actin antibody recognizes a surface molecule on normal and transformed human B lymphocytes: expression varies with phase of cell cycle. AB - A monoclonal anti-actin antibody, 2C9, was used to study the distribution of an actin-like cell-surface antigen (hereafter termed actin) on a lymphoblastoid cell line LA350 and on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It was determined that 8 40% of LA350 cells and 3-15% of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors stain specifically with 2C9, almost exclusively on IgM-positive cells. Treatment of cells with 2C9 prior to incubation caused cell-surface actin to first patch and then to cap. Treatment of cells with nonspecific protease caused a loss of surface actin, with reexpression of the marker after 8-12 hr. The expression of LA350 surface actin also increased with DNA synthesis and was demonstrated to be maximal during late G1/early S phase. Thus, this antigen may be a sensitive marker for activated lymphocytes. These studies contribute to our understanding of the expression and distribution of actin-like membrane proteins that may participate in regulatory signals mediated by anti-actin antibody. PMID- 3489553 TI - Increased membrane immunoglobulin capping of B cells from C57Bl/6 lpr/lpr and C57Bl/6 nu/nu mice. AB - When the capping of membrane immunoglobulin on spleen B cells from normal C57Bl/6 mice (B6) is taken as reference, a faster capping rate is found for cells of age matched B6 mice which are congenic at the lymphoproliferation (lpr) or nude (nu) loci. Though both congenic strains can be characterized by an abnormal T-lineage cell content, the nature of the abnormality itself is very different since B6 nudes lack thymus-processed/influenced lymphocytes whereas B6 mice with the lpr phenotype suffer from an invasion of all lymphoid organs with cells of a particular T-cell subset. Moreover, the more "normal" capping rate of B cells from the double congenic B6 mice (nu/nu, lpr/lpr) is intriguing. Since other mice homozygous at the lpr locus (MRL-1) or at the nu locus (BALB/c nude) also cap faster than their congenic controls (MRL-n and BALB/c, respectively), the observed effects do not appear to depend on a peculiarity of the B6 genetic background. If the faster capping of B cells of nu congenic and of lpr congenic mice had a common origin, it might be that T cells would control in some way the mobility of B-cell membrane immunoglobulins: both congenic mice have in their spleen a very low proportion of mature T cells together with a very high proportion of prethymic/thymic immature T-cell types, either of which might affect B-cell behavioral responses to membrane immunoglobulin clustering. PMID- 3489554 TI - Relationship between surface H-2 concentration, size of different target cells, and lysis by cytotoxic T cells. AB - We have examined the parameters of target cell cross-sectional area and surface H 2 concentration in relation to their susceptibility to cytotoxic T-cell-mediated lysis, using a series of commonly used murine target cells of the H-2k haplotype. We used a sensitive immunoferritin labeling technique and electron microscopy to estimate relative cell diameter and H-2 concentration combined with standard 51Cr release assays for cytotoxicity. We found that susceptibility to cytotoxic T-cell lysis was not related consistently to either factor alone, but was related to a combination of the two, such that above a certain value for the product of the two factors, no further increase in cytotoxic T-cell efficiency was seen. The information presented here should be of value to workers seeking to select a target cell type that will maximize the sensitivity of 51Cr-release-based assays for the detection of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3489555 TI - Peripheral T-cell subsets in asymptomatic hepatitis B-virus carriers. AB - To ascertain whether the abnormalities of circulating T-cell subsets in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related chronic liver diseases represent the primary immunological process or are secondary to liver disease process, peripheral T cell subsets were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against total T cells (OKT3), T helper/inducer cells (OKT4), and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8), in 30 asymptomatic HBV carriers without biochemical or histological evidence of liver disease, and the results were compared to 15 HBV-induced chronic active liver diseases. The results revealed that OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly reduced in 15 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive asymptomatic carriers as compared with controls, with decreased OKT4-positive cells and increased OKT8-positive cells, while T-cell subsets and ratios were normal in 15 hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe)-positive asymptomatic carriers. The changes of circulating T-cell subsets in 15 HBe-Ag-positive asymptomatic carriers showed no significant difference from those of 15 HBeAg positive patients with chronic active liver diseases. These findings suggest that the deranged T-cell subsets in chronic HBV infection are not secondary to liver cell damage, but might represent the underlying immunological abnormalities which are closely related to HBeAg/anti-HBe status, and that the pathogenetic mechanism of liver cell damage in chronic HBV infection may not be simply related to circulating T-cell subsets. PMID- 3489556 TI - Activation of murine B lymphocytes by suramin. AB - Suramin stimulated DNA synthesis in spleen cell cultures of all inbred strains of mice tested, including, for example, CBA, DBA/2, C57BL/6, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-nonresponsive strain C3H/HeJ. The cells responding to the drugs were removed by passage through nylon wool columns, but they were not eliminated by in vivo treatment of the mice with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody. Spleen cells of homozygous nude mice (C57BL/6 or BALB/c background) were as reactive as those of their heterozygous littermates. Collectively the data show that suramin is a B-cell mitogen in the mouse. PMID- 3489557 TI - Immunopotentiating effects of the adjuvants SGP and Quil A. I. Antibody responses to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. AB - The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of two adjuvants, SGP (a starch-acrylamide polymer) and Quil A (purified saponin), with that of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) on murine primary antibody responses to T-independent (TI) and T-dependent (TD) antigens. All three adjuvants augmented the responses to the TD antigens, dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH), and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). SGP was the most potent adjuvant and increased the primary IgG response to DNP-KLH as much as 90-fold. Quil A and Al(OH)3 had comparable effects on the primary response to DNP-KLH, but Quil A was less effective than Al(OH)3 for augmenting the primary response to SRBC. Quil A and SGP both augmented the primary IgM and IgG responses to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS), TNP-Brucella (TI-1 antigens), and TNP-Ficoll (TI-2 antigens). Al(OH)3, like most commonly used adjuvants, had little or no effect on responses to TI antigens. The kinetics of the response to TNP-Ficoll was altered by SGP, since peak responses were maintained for at least 7 days, while the response to TNP Ficoll alone peaked on Day 4 and had declined considerably by Day 7. Both SGP and Quil A could augment responses to both optimal and suboptimal doses of antigen. The adjuvant activity of SGP was diminished, but still effective, when smaller amounts of SGP were used with the immunizing antigen, and all three adjuvants were able to augment primary responses when given in separate injections from the antigen. These results demonstrate that SGP is a very effective adjuvant, and show that both Quil A and SGP have a unique ability to increase antibody responses to TI antigens, suggesting that their effects may be mediated at least partially through B cells. PMID- 3489558 TI - Immunopotentiation by SGP and Quil A. II. Identification of responding cell populations. AB - The adjuvants SGP (a starch-acrylamide polymer) and Quil A (purified saponin) were shown to markedly augment antibody responses to T-independent (TI) antigens, suggesting that their adjuvant effects may be at least partially mediated through B cells. The ability of both adjuvants to augment primary responses to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll (TI-2 antigen) in athymic nude mice further suggested these adjuvants affect B cells. SGP, however, did not induce a response to the T dependent (TD) antigen dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) in athymic nude mice, indicating it was unable to replace the requirement for T helper cells for responses to TD antigens. Responses to TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were augmented by SGP in CBA/N X Balb/c immune defective (xid) mice. However, SGP was unable to induce a response to TNP-Ficoll in xid mice. The SGP and Quil A augmented responses to TNP-Ficoll were completely inhibited by the mitotic inhibitor, Velban, indicating that SGP and Quil A increased the plaque forming cell (PFC) response primarily by stimulating cell proliferation, and not by recruitment of antigen-reactive cells. The effects of the adjuvants on secondary responses were investigated using adoptive transfer experiments. SGP and A1(OH)3 both increased the induction of hapten-specific memory B cells in mice primed with DNP-KLH. SGP, Quil A, and A1(OH)3 also increased priming of carrier specific T cells. Priming of memory B cells with DNP-KLH and either A1(OH)3 or SGP was prevented when T cells were depleted with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) at the time of antigen priming, indicating that the augmentation of memory B-cell priming by SGP and A1(OH)3 was dependent on the presence of functional T cells. SGP and Quil A were both unable to augment memory cell induction to the TI antigen, TNP-Ficoll, even though both adjuvants markedly augmented primary IgM and IgG responses to this antigen. Based on these results, it is suggested that SGP and Quil A can mediate their adjuvant effects primarily by a direct or indirect effect on B cells although the adjuvants may also affect T cells to some extent. PMID- 3489559 TI - Selective suppression of allotype expression induced in vitro: maintenance of suppression following adoptive transfer. AB - The question of the ultimate fate of lymphocytes subjected to treatment with anti allotype antibody (Ab) has been investigated by means of an adoptive transfer system that uses noninbred rabbits matched for major histocompatibility antigens and mismatched for allotype. Suppression of b4 immunoglobulin (Ig) production was induced by incubating lymphocytes from b4b5 rabbits with anti-b4 in culture. Transfer of b4-suppressed cells to newborn recipients of allotype b6b6 resulted in stable chimerism of mixed donor-recipient allotypes, in which b4 Ig production remained suppressed. In recipients of non-Ab-treated cells, b4 Ig production predominated over b5, as had been the case in the intact donor. No evidence for stimulation of b4 Ig synthesis was seen, even when lymphocytes and serum from 1 week-old recipients were examined. When lymphoid cells of antigen-primed b4b5 donors were treated with anti-b4 in vitro and transferred, Ab production of the b4 type was specifically suppressed, with compensatory over-production by Ab forming cells of the b5 type. The results reported here indicate that although anti-allotype Ab is not directly cytotoxic, a significant proportion of the b4 committed cells were irreversibly inactivated as a result of Ab pulse treatment. PMID- 3489560 TI - Studies of the in vitro activation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. II. Optimization of activation by anti-immunoglobulin antibody bound to beads: analysis of the role of autocrine effects on B-cell proliferation and of T-cell help in B-cell differentiation. AB - We report experiments attempting to optimize the proliferative response of human B cells to rabbit anti-immunoglobulin antibody (RAHIg)-linked beads (anti-Ig beads). By choosing polyacrylamide beads of small size (3 micron) and coupling anti-Ig to them at high concentrations, beads were obtained which were both B cell specific and more highly mitogenic than other than anti-Ig reagents and B cell mitogens (SAC, protein A). Using these beads to activate B cells, the augmentation of the anti-Ig-induced proliferative response by added T-cell derived growth factors was largely eliminated at high cell densities although the effect of these factors was still evident at low cell densities. However, when cultures were performed in round-bottom vessels which crowded the B cells together, the response to anti-Ig beads was independent of T-cell factors even at low B-cell densities, suggesting that normal B cells triggered by anti-Ig beads are able to maintain their own proliferation. In contrast to the proliferative response, even with the most potent anti-Ig bead preparations, no differentiation (Ig production or expression of terminal differentiation markers) was evident unless T-cell help was provided. PMID- 3489562 TI - Induction of tumor cell resistance to macrophage-mediated lysis by preexposure to non-activated macrophages. AB - Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate (non-activated) macrophages do not lyse tumor cells and in contrast to activated macrophages bind less target cells. However, a non-lethal encounter of tumor cells with non-activated macrophages resulted in a pronounced effect on the subsequent tumor cell binding to and lysis by activated macrophages. Our results have shown that binding of tumor cells by non-activated macrophages was Ca2+ and temperature dependent; had a requirement for a Pronase-sensitive structure on macrophage surface membranes; was saturable; and was 2-3X less than that observed for activated macrophages. Experiments were conducted in which syngeneic tumor cells were incubated with a monolayer of non activated macrophages and then assayed for selective binding and sensitivity to lysis. The important observations were that as a result of a 3-hr incubation with non-activated macrophages at an EC: TC ratio of 5:1 there was an increase in the number of tumor cells that bound to both activated and non-activated macrophages; a loss of selective binding in which the ratio of tumor cells bound to activated/non-activated macrophages (normally greater than 2) was lowered to 1.0; and a concomitant decrease in the susceptibility of tumor cells to macrophage mediated cytolysis. The induction of tumor cell resistance to macrophage kill required an exposure to an excess number of non-activated macrophages, was reversible upon culturing with or without macrophages for 24 hr and required cell cell contact. Our results reinforce the importance of selective binding between tumor cells and activated macrophages as an initial phase in tumor cell killing and also illustrates an active role for non-activated macrophages in vivo in allowing tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance by activated macrophages. PMID- 3489561 TI - T-cell receptor gene structure and function. AB - Recent progress in the serology, biochemistry, and now the molecular genetics of T-cell receptor molecules has brought within reach the prospect of solving some of the most basic questions about the nature of T-cell recognition. These include the exact nature of the receptor-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen recognition event and the sequential expression of T-cell receptor molecules in the thymus. PMID- 3489563 TI - Isolation of antigen-binding membrane molecules from an antigen-specific T-cell hybrid. AB - Cell surface-radioiodinated proteins of a murine T-cell hybrid specific for and able to bind azobenzenearsonate were isolated by adsorption to Sepharose beads conjugated with a rabbit antiserum to murine T-cell antigen-binding molecules. These isolated proteins, Mr 72,000, were found to bind specifically azobenzenearsonate while proteins isolated in this manner from the tumor parent BW5147 did not bind azobenzenearsonate. Similar cell surface proteins were isolated by affinity for antigen and immunoprecipitated with an antiserum to T cell antigen-binding molecules. The results suggest that antigen-binding T cells express T-cell antigen-binding molecules as membrane receptors for antigen. PMID- 3489565 TI - Use of anti-idiotypic antibodies to explore genetic mechanisms of production of anti-DNA antibodies. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of autoantibodies with a broad range of antigenic specificities, including specificity for double-stranded DNA. Analysis of the idiotypic profile of anti DNA antibodies both in humans and mice has demonstrated presence of cross reactive idiotypes, suggesting that they arise from a restricted number of germline genes. Our laboratory has previously reported the generation of 3I, a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody which recognizes a cross-reactive idiotype on anti-DNA antibodies in a majority of unrelated humans with SLE. We have recently studied the expression of 3I in sera of three human kindreds with familial SLE. We found 6 of 8 SLE patients and 15 of 19 unaffected family members had elevated 3I reactivity. Eleven of these family members had no anti-DNA activity despite elevated 3I reactivity, suggesting that expression of this idiotype in certain individuals is part of the normal immune response. In another set of experiments using an in vitro culture system we examined somatic mutants of the S107 mouse myeloma cell line. This line makes an antibody which bears the T15 idiotype, a common idiotype on antibodies to the bacterial antigen phosphoryl choline (PC). U4, a mutant, makes an immunoglobulin which varies by one amino acid from the parent protein, retains the T15 idiotype, but loses reactivity with PC and acquires reactivity with DNA. We have found that some anti-DNA antibodies in mice with spontaneous lupus and in mice immunologically induced to make anti-DNA antibodies bear the T15 idiotype and may represent somatic mutants arising in vivo. PMID- 3489564 TI - Anti-DNA antibodies and the problem of autoimmunity. AB - Several different classes of autoreactive antibodies are known to exist: those that are stimulated by bacterial infection (e.g., streptococci/rheumatic fever), those that react with tissue-specific antigens (e.g., thyrotropin receptor/Graves' disease), and those that bind to ubiquitous autoantigens (e.g., DNA/systematic lupus). The origin of the last kind of autoantibody is unknown, but it now seems that their production is an inherent property of the normal immune system. Indeed, it would appear that autoantibodies of the lupus variety actually have a physiological role in normal immunity. The development of the autoimmune disease may occur when there is an "escape" from the normal function of lupus autoantibodies. PMID- 3489566 TI - Suppression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation by pyruvate and L-alanine. AB - The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte cultures was found to be strongly inhibited if 1-3 X 10(-2) M L-alanine or the structurally and biochemically related substance pyruvate was present in the period from 7 to 19 or from 19 to 120 hr. The cytotoxic response was not inhibited when L-alanine or pyruvate was present during the first 7 hr of the culture period. L-Alanine produced also little or no suppression, if added on Day 3 of the culture. L-Lactate or D-alanine at similar concentrations was not suppressive during the entire culture period. The suppression by pyruvate and L alanine was strongly reduced by 1 X 10(-4) M adenosine. Adenosine in combination with an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-containing EL-4-cell supernatant was even more effective. Pyruvate and alanine (1-3 X 10(-2) M) also inhibited the DNA synthesis in mixed-lymphocyte cultures on Day 5 by about 50%, but both substances had practically no effect on DNA synthesis in cultures that had been supplemented with an IL-2-containing EL-4 supernatant. They had also no effect on the IL-2 dependent proliferation of several T-cell clones or of concanavalin A-activated thymocytes. These relatively selective regulatory effects of pyruvate and L alanine may be useful for the analysis of the biochemical pathways during lymphocyte activation and/or for a selective manipulation of the immune response. PMID- 3489567 TI - Identification of peanut agglutinin-binding glycoproteins on immature human thymocytes. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin specific for the disaccharide Gal beta 3GalNAc, binds to immature (cortical) thymocytes of mouse and man and not to the mature (medullary) cells. Using lectin overlay of protein blots and lectin-affinity chromatography, we have found that the major PNA-binding glycoproteins on total as well as on immature (PNA+) human thymocytes correspond to two bands of Mr 170,000 and 180,000. Another glycoprotein, of Mr 110,000, also binds PNA but to a lesser extent. All three glycoproteins contain sialic acid as demonstrated by cell surface labeling with NaIO4-NaB3H4, binding of wheat germ agglutinin, and reaction with alkaline phosphatase-hydrazide. After treatment with sialidase, binding of PNA to these glycoproteins is significantly enhanced. PMID- 3489568 TI - Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte function by a soluble AKR leukemic suppressor factor. AB - A soluble suppressor factor(s) found in the serum of AKR mice bearing lymphocytic leukemia (AKR-LSF) has previously been shown to inhibit PHA-induced spleen cell proliferation. In this study we have further characterized the biological activity of the leukemic mouse serum (LMS) in vitro. The LMS inhibits spleen cell proliferation in an MLC as well as generation of functional CTL. The inhibition of CTL generation was not specific since CTL activity resulting from responder and stimulator combinations of various H-2 haplotypes was inhibited. LMS did not inhibit CTL- or NK-mediated cytolytic activity. These results suggested that LMS inhibits lymphocyte proliferative responses but has no effect on cytolytic function. Furthermore, responder cells which had been inhibited by LMS in a primary MLC, washed, and restimulated were able to express CTL activity indicating that the suppression by LMS is reversible. The suppressive effect of LMS is occurring at an early stage of CTL generation since LMS was inhibitory when added on Day 0 or Day 1 but not on Days 2, 3, or 4 of the MLC. Addition of IL-2 did not remove the inhibition by LMS as measured in a PHA proliferative assay. These results suggested that the suppression is not due to a lack of IL-2 but to an inability of the cells to either bind or utilize IL-2. PMID- 3489569 TI - Putrescine and its biosynthetic precursor L-ornithine augment the in vivo immunization against minor histocompatibility antigens and syngeneic tumor cells. AB - Putrescine was found to augment strongly the in vivo priming for secondary in vitro cytotoxic responses by small numbers of syngeneic ESb-D tumor cells and MHC compatible allogeneic cells (minor H-antigens). The cytotoxic response against minor H-antigens in putrescine-treated mice showed the typical MHC-restriction that has previously been observed after immunization with higher cell doses without putrescine. The injection of putrescine had practically no effect on the subsequent in vitro primary cytotoxic response against an unrelated set of allogeneic stimulator cells. A similar augmentation of the in vivo immunization for secondary in vitro responses was achieved with L-ornithine, the biosynthetic precursor of putrescine. A substantial secondary in vivo cytotoxic activity against minor H-antigens was also obtained by application of L-ornithine shortly after the primary immunization. PMID- 3489570 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of tumors of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 3489571 TI - Anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune disorders by ELISA using nylon as the solid phase. AB - A rapid, simple and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing nylon as the solid support is described for the detection of anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune disorders. The optimal reaction conditions were established with an anti-DNA antibody-positive SLE serum. Fifty-three percent of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, 29 percent of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with overlapping progressive systemic sclerosis and 10 percent of progressive systemic sclerosis patients were positive for anti-DNA antibodies. The sensitivity of the method was compared with passive hemagglutination and fluorometric assays, the latter using ethidium bromide as intercalating dye. The method described is specific, reproducible and convenient for use in clinical laboratories where large numbers of samples are to be screened for the detection of anti-DNA antibodies. The procedure requires small quantities of antigen or antibody and is, therefore, highly economical. PMID- 3489572 TI - Direct chemiluminescence immunoassay for estradiol in serum. AB - In this simple, reliable, fast solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for directly measuring (i.e., without prior extraction) estradiol-17 beta in serum, a monoclonal antibody is used that binds estradiol with high affinity (Ka = 10(10) L/mol), and does not bind other steroids tested, the highest cross reactivity observed being 0.1% for estradiol-17 alpha. In this system the monoclonal antibody is bound to the wells of microtiter plates via a second antibody directed against the monoclonal antibody. Fifty microliters of serum and estradiol-displacing agents are added, followed by 100 pg of estradiol-isoluminol conjugate, and the label is measured by luminometry after the binding reaction. The sensitivity of the assay is 180 pmol per liter of serum, and the effective working range at less than or equal to 10% CV is 270 to 6700 pmol/L. Analytical recovery of added estradiol averaged 99.7% (SD 6.5%). Within- and between-assay CVs ranged between 5 and 12.7%. Thirty-five unknown serum samples can be assayed within 4 h. Results correlated well with those obtained with a direct RIA: r = 0.94 (n = 149). This assay opens new perspectives for chemiluminescence immunoassays. PMID- 3489573 TI - Differential assay of human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylase using a monoclonal antibody insolubilized on bacterial cell wall. PMID- 3489574 TI - The influence of genetics and household environment upon the variability of normal blood pressure: the Montreal Adoption Survey. AB - The Montreal Adoption Survey was conducted as a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of cardiovascular risk factors in French Canadian families. Analysis included blood pressure readings of 756 adopted and 445 natural children as well as 1176 parents. A genetic model was applied to the analysis of our data. Interindividual variability of blood pressure was studied and observed correlatives of systolic and diastolic pressure of parental and non parental subjects were calculated. Based on the maximum likelihood estimates presented in the models the explanation of the parent offspring and the between sibs expected population correlatives for systolic blood pressure was the following: 61% was due to shared genes and 39% to environment shared by both parents and children. For diastolic blood pressure the explanation between parents and offspring was the following: 58% was due to shared genes and 42% due to shared environment across generation. The explanation between sibs was estimated to be the following: 33% due to generation, 24% to shared environment across generation and 43% to shared environment within generation. PMID- 3489575 TI - Peripheral lymphocyte subsets in human chronic pyelonephritis. AB - Comparative study of peripheral blood lymphocyte surface markers in chronic pyelonephritis (CP) and chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) patients, and in normal controls showed no differences between controls and GN patients. In CP patients, a significant absolute increase in B cells, and an absolute decrease in T cells were observed as well as significantly lower and higher percentages of OKT4 and OKT8 cells, respectively, leading to a decrease in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Furthermore, the percentage of large granular cells was significantly higher in CP patients, while no differences in TIa cells emerged. The overall picture shown by the CP patients is compatible to a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response defect. PMID- 3489576 TI - Acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Bacteriology and clinical implications. AB - We report the results of eye culture specimens, obtained from patients under 20 years of age, submitted to the Bacteriology Department of our institution from January 1 through April 30, 1983. A total of 72 specimens were positive for one or more strains of bacteria. The most commonly isolated bacteria was Hemophilus influenzae (34 strains, 42%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (11 strains, 13.75%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9 strains, 11.25%). Mean age of patients with H. influenzae (excluding a 20-year-old patient) was 15 months with standard deviation of 13 months. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline showed excellent in vitro activity against bacteria of all age groups. Tetracycline may prove to be the drug of choice for the treatment of acute conjunctivitis if comparative clinical data support its in vitro superiority. PMID- 3489578 TI - The role of the thymic microenvironment in promotion of early stages of human T cell maturation. PMID- 3489577 TI - Pulmonary disease and antipyrine clearance. AB - We investigated hepatic microsomal enzyme activity by the one-sample saliva test for antipyrine clearance determination in 35 homozygous, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficient outpatients with chronic pulmonary disease. Twenty-five outpatients with chronic obstructive lung disease and comparable lung function impairment and 31 healthy volunteers served as controls. Antipyrine clearance did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients with pulmonary disease. However, the clearance was 18% lower in these two groups than in the healthy volunteers (P less than 0.01). Antipyrine clearance was lowest in patients with severe lung function impairment (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3489579 TI - Co-incidental Von Willebrands disease and immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: treatment with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin. AB - We report a rare association of Von Willebrands disease and idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. The major threat to the successful outcome of the pregnancy was posed by the acquired disorder. The use of high dose immunoglobulin allowed a normal delivery, without any adverse effects on mother or child. PMID- 3489580 TI - [Pentoxifylline in changes of the statoacoustic apparatus during vascular diseases. Its action on erythrocyte flexibility]. PMID- 3489581 TI - Contact dermatitis after transcutaneous electric analgesia. AB - Transcutaneous electric analgesia, based on the gate control theory, is used in stump pain, lumbar pain, traumatic pain following nerve damage and sciatic neuralgia. 3 patients using this method, showed contact dermatitis at the sites of contact of the electrodes. Patch tests were positive with the electrolyte gel, and in 2 cases, with propylene glycol. Transcutaneous electric analgesia may cause a certain number of side effects similar to those encountered with electrocardiography. PMID- 3489582 TI - Lack of effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-2 on trauma-induced abnormalities in lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Injury impairs cell-mediated immune function by depressing mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and decreasing interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. In this study, we examined the ability of exogenous, recombinant IL-2 to restore lymphocyte proliferation after trauma. Recombinant IL-2 was added to cultures of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from seven healthy volunteers and from 21 victims of accidental trauma. In comparison to the healthy group, lymphocyte proliferation was reduced approximately 20% in patients with minor and moderate injuries, and 50% in patients with severe injuries. The addition of recombinant IL-2 to PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from injured patients did not substantially improve cellular proliferation. These results suggest that the depressed response of lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation after trauma is not due to decreased IL-2 generation. PMID- 3489583 TI - Therapy with 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ARA-A) and 2'-deoxycoformycin increases the ARA-A content of ocular tissues. AB - The amount of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ARA-A) and 9-beta-D arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine (ARA-Hx) present in ocular tissues of rabbits was determined following therapy with ARA-A alone and when ARA-A was used in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF). Topical therapy was initiated three days after infection of the corneas of rabbits with herpes simplex virus type 1. Ocular tissues were harvested after two days of therapy and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Combination topical therapy with ARA-A and dCF significantly increased the tissue content of ARA-A in all tissues examined except retina, as compared to therapy with ARA-A alone. The ARA-A content of the two ocular tissues most often subject to acute herpes infections, the conjunctiva and cornea, was increased from 29.9 +/- 11.7 to 144.0 +/- 53.3 pmoles/mg dry weight and from 15.4 +/- 6.1 to 231.8 +/- 30.8 pmoles/mg dry weight, respectively. Except for the aqueous humor, the total arabinoside content of each tissue was not significantly altered by combination therapy, merely the ratio of ARA-A to ARA-Hx was changed. These studies demonstrate that combination topical therapy with ARA-A and an inhibitor of ARA-A catabolism, dCF, can effectively result in elevated amounts of ARA-A in ocular tissues. PMID- 3489585 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax. A report of three cases. AB - Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare complication of pneumonia. Three cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are described. Two patients had bronchopleural fistulas. Local subpleural necrosis was felt to be the cause of the pneumothorax. Pneumothorax should be considered in patients with P carinii pneumonia who experience respiratory deterioration. PMID- 3489584 TI - Bronchoscopic and radiologic features of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the respiratory system. AB - In a group of 61 patients admitted to New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, with a diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 25 were found to have Kaposi's sarcoma involving the skin and mucous membranes. Of these 25 patients, eight had lesions involving the respiratory system. Radiographically, patients with Kaposi's sarcoma had hilar and mediastinal adenopathy with perihilar parenchymal infiltration which progressed to diffuse bilateral infiltrates over a period of months. This pattern and the tempo of its evolution were distinctly different from the diffuse infiltrates seen in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Bronchoscopy was performed in seven of the eight patients, revealing characteristic lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma in the airways. We propose that parenchymal pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma can be strongly suspected in a patient with AIDS who has the following features: a characteristic radiologic pattern; endobronchial Kaposi's sarcoma at bronchoscopy; and no evidence of opportunistic infection. In this subset of patients, further diagnostic intervention such as open lung biopsy, a procedure with potential morbidity in these ill individuals, may be unnecessary. PMID- 3489586 TI - [Radiofrequency-controlled thermocoagulation in the treatment of true trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 3489587 TI - [Misdiagnosis of carcinoma of the gastric cardia in the surgical management of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 3489588 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the cerebellopontine angle]. PMID- 3489589 TI - [Reactivation of alkaline ribonuclease using para-aminobenzoic acid]. PMID- 3489590 TI - [Severe Haemophilus influenzae infections in children are contagious]. PMID- 3489591 TI - [Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of lymphosarcoma in children with various immunologic subtypes of the disease]. AB - Detailed immunological and cytochemical studies of tumour lymphoblasts in 44 children with lymphosarcoma involved a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies and xenogenic antisera allowed detecting cytomorphological differences between immunological subtypes of the disease. Most homogenic groups represented by T1 and T2 subtypes (L1 type) sharply differed from B-cellular lymphosarcoma (L2, L3, immunoblastic) while T3 and "zero" subtypes were more heterogenic. PMID- 3489593 TI - Mechanisms of transfer of steroid hormones and growth factors into milk. AB - In this paper we examine the ability of the mammary gland to remove from circulating blood three compounds which differ in their physico-chemical and structural properties. Mammary extraction of progesterone, oestrone sulphate and epidermal growth factor (EGF) is similar at peak lactation in goats, but the proportion of labelled infusate that is transferred into milk is greater for oestrone sulphate and EGF than progesterone which is rapidly metabolised by mammary tissue. The kinetics of transfer of progesterone, oestrone sulphate and EGF from blood into milk show that transcellular processes are involved, and on the basis of earlier hypotheses and new information reported here the results indicate the probable importance of simple and facilitated diffusion pathways for progesterone and oestrone sulphate, and secretory mechanisms for oestrone sulphate and EGF. Although evidence is lacking for a direct effect of hormones in milk on mammary function, their concentration in milk may reflect changes in local regulation of mammary secretion. Considerable practical value is attached to the immunodiagnostic use of milk hormone concentrations to determine ovarian and placental endocrine activity during pregnancy in domestic ruminants. PMID- 3489594 TI - Effects of the hormone erythropoietin in milk on erythropoiesis in neonatal rats. AB - Erythropoiesis was stimulated in 2- to 5-day-old normal neonatal rats nursed by phlebotomized mothers, and in 12-day-old hypertransfused neonatal suckled for 4 days by a twice-bled mother. Erythropoietic stimulation was evidenced as increases in hemoglobin levels and numbers of peripheral reticulocytes in the 2- to 5-day-olds, and by a higher 48-hour RBC-59Fe incorporation in the hypertransfused than in control 12-day-olds. The reticulocyte maturation curve was shifted to the left in 14-day-old transfused rats suckled by an anemic mother, in 14-day-old normal rats suckled by an anemic mother, and in 12-day-old transfused neonates fed cow milk to which erythropoietin (Ep) had been added. The oral administration of cow milk containing Ep to 10-day-old normal neonates induced a reticulocytosis. One-day-old rats suckled by mothers bled 72 h prior to delivery exhibited significant amounts of Ep in their plasma as compared to nondetectable levels in 1-day-old control rats of normal mothers. Decreases in relative percentages of nucleated erythrocytes were noted in spleens of hypertransfused 12-day-old neonates nursed by anemic mothers, in spleens of hypertransfused 12-day-old injected with Ep, and in spleens of 14-day-old normal rats suckled by an anemic mother. Nucleated erythrocyte numbers were reduced in both spleen and marrow of 12-day-old anemic neonates. The data suggest that: Ep is transmitted to neonatal rats via maternal milk, and in the process of gastrointestinal tract absorption, escapes inactivation, thereby stimulating erythropoiesis in these animals; Ep acts on already differentiated erythroid cells by influencing their rate of maturation. PMID- 3489592 TI - [Effect of interleukin-2 on the growth of malignant soft tissue tumor explants in diffusion chambers]. AB - Interleukin-2 is studied for its effect on proliferation of cultured tumour cells in vivo and on the nature of infiltration of malignant tumours explants of human soft tissues. On the basis of spheroid formation phenomenon and a number of morphological criteria three main types of reaction differing in inhibition or stimulation of the tumour growth, time of formation and the number of spheroids formed, manifestation of lymphocytic infiltration and nature of lymphocytes location on the filter have been distinguished. PMID- 3489595 TI - Is orally-derived epidermal growth factor beneficial following premature birth or intestinal resection? AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a major growth factor in human milk, may stimulate growth and development of crucial infant tissues, particularly in conditions where the infant's growth is compromised. Here, we provide evidence of a role for EGF in two such conditions, premature birth and intestinal resection. Compared with women delivering at term, mothers of premature infants produce milk containing higher concentrations of EGF, an effect that is probably maintained throughout lactation. The increased EGF in milk could not be accounted for by a decrease in the volume of milk production or by events surrounding birth, but may instead represent a maternal compensatory mechanism to accelerate growth in pre term infants. A role for EGF in stimulating adaptive intestinal regrowth following gut resection was identified using weanling rats. Following removal of 50% of the small intestine of weanling rats, inclusion of EGF (20 micrograms/100 g per day) in the diet (S-26 infant formula) significantly accelerated intestinal growth, as determined by wet weight, protein and sucrase activity per unit length. These studies support the concept that administration of EGF could prove beneficial to infants in which crucial, EGF-responsive tissues are poorly developed, e.g. following premature birth or intestinal resection. PMID- 3489596 TI - Prolactin binding protein in human milk. AB - Milk samples at day 16 of lactation were from six mothers delivering infants at 28-30 weeks of gestation and six mothers delivering normal full term infants. These early morning samples were used in a prolactin binding assay to determine whether 125I-labelled human prolactin was selectively bound to a soluble protein fraction. After Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, 7 samples contained a protein fraction which bound human prolactin. Binding was not apparent in the remaining 5 samples. Prior binding of maternal prolactin, total binding capacity and differing free prolactin levels may be significant factors responsible for these observations. PMID- 3489597 TI - Separation and suckling-induced changes in serum growth hormone levels of lactating rats and their pups. AB - The effects of separation and suckling on serum growth hormone (GH) levels of lactating rats and their pups were studied on days 1-3 of lactation. The litter size was adjusted to 8 pups/dam without respect to sex. The separation of pups from their mother for 5 h resulted in significant decrease in GH level in the pups. After 30 or 60 min of suckling the level of GH in serum of the pups reached the values of the control group, i.e. non-separated pups. If the pups were attached to pre-suckled mothers, thus consuming less milk, their serum GH levels increased in a significantly lesser extent. It is concluded that some factor(s) are present in milk which stimulate(s) GH secretion of the pups. Due to episodic secretion, high standard error occurred in every group of mothers studied. Mean GH level of freely behaving lactating rats were rather constant. On the other hand, the 5 h separation period and 30 min of suckling seemed to result in decrease and increase in serum GH values, respectively. By the end of a 60 min suckling period, GH declined to low levels again, hence it is likely that the separation and suckling stimuli synchronized GH-episodes. When the litter was replaced with hungry foster pups at 30 min of suckling, GH-decay by 60 min appeared to be less consequent. PMID- 3489598 TI - Effect of neonatal prolactin deficiency on prepubertal tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal dopaminergic neuronal activity. AB - Prolactin (PRL) is present in the milk of lactating rats and, when ingested by the pups, can pass through the gut and enter the systemic circulation. The present study tested whether a suppression of normal milk PRL intake by the pups during early postpartum period affects the subsequent level of activity of the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) system. Maternal plasma and milk PRL levels were depressed in lactating rats by daily injections of bromocriptine. Such treatment during postpartum days 2-5, but not during postpartum days 9-12, resulted in a marked suppression of DA turnover in the median eminence (ME), and in an elevation in plasma PRL concentration in the offspring when measured at 33 35 days of age. Simultaneous infusion of ovine PRL (oPRL) by osmotic minipump reversed the effects of neonatal bromocriptine. Catecholamine turnover in the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) was unaffected by any treatment. These results suggest that the normal activity of the TIDA system, but not that of the tuberohypophyseal DA system of the rat, may be impaired by a deficiency of PRL during a critical postpartum period. PMID- 3489599 TI - Effect of breast-feeding on infant thyroid activity: 3 year follow up- longitudinal study. AB - The effect of breast-feeding on serum thyroid hormones and TSH was studied in a longitudinal study from birth up to 3 years. T4 was found to be significantly higher in breast-fed than in weaned infants at the age of 4 and 6 months and so was rT3 at the age 4 months. The body weight of breast-fed girls at the age 4 and 6 months was lower than that of formula-fed ones. Breast-feeding at the age 9 months resulted in a decreased serum TSH. Serum T3 of infants weaned before the end of the first week of life was higher than in other groups of infants at the age of 10 weeks. Serum T4 of children 1-2-year-old correlated positively with the age at weaning, provided that they had been breast-fed at least for 60 days. Serum rT3 of 2-year-old children also correlated with the age of weaning. Serum TSH at the age of 3 years was higher in children who had been weaned during first 60 days of life than in those weaned later. It is concluded that breast-feeding possess some immediate effects on thyroid function parameters. Some effects were still detected at the age of 1-3 years. PMID- 3489600 TI - Does breast feeding mitigate short-term and long-term manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism? (Review). PMID- 3489601 TI - Glucocorticoid receptor of rat mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. AB - The binding of 3H-dexamethasone to specific cytosol binding sites of rat mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation was characterized and quantified. During the first week of pregnancy the amount of receptor gradually increased and remained at a relatively constant level throughout pregnancy. Maximum concentration of receptor was observed immediately before labor and one day after labor. During lactation the receptor concentration gradually returned to the level observed during pregnancy and then remained at about the same level until the day 21 which was followed by a rapid decrease at the end of lactation period. No significant differences in dissociation constants were noticed during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 3489603 TI - Secretion of oestrone sulphate into milk. AB - A Golgi apparatus-enriched fraction obtained from lactating rat mammary glands has been used to investigate the binding transport of oestrone sulphate using radio-labelled ligand. The fraction showed good galactosyl transferase activity and was substantially intact when assayed for lactose synthase activity. Binding sites for the hormone on the Golgi membrane were demonstrated and at 4 degrees C binding was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.2 mol 1(-1) to 25 mmol 1(-1). The hormone was readily displaced by high concentrations of oestrone sulphate but not by oestrone, 17-beta-oestradiol or progesterone. Lysis of the vesicle prior to binding of oestrone sulphate allowed additional hormone to bind but only when lysis conditions were mild. Nevertheless, the hormone could be readily displaced by simple dilution of the reaction medium suggesting that binding was to the cytosolic surface of the membrane. No evidence of the transport of the hormone into the lumen of the vesicle was obtained. PMID- 3489602 TI - Adrenocortical hormones and lactation: metabolism of 3H-corticosterone and 3H aldosterone by rat mammary gland minces and by the nuclear fraction of the homogenates. AB - 3H-Corticosterone undergoes extensive metabolism on incubation with mammary acini and minced mammary glands from lactating rats; 3H-corticosterone-21-oleate was the major radiometabolite formed. In a similar study with 3H-aldosterone, 3H aldosterone-21-oleate was one of the two major radiometabolites formed. In the present study, an enzyme system highly active in the biosynthesis of 21-acyl-3H corticosterone was demonstrated to be present chiefly in the nuclear fraction of mammary gland homogenates. The enzyme system comprises: a fatty acid thiokinase (or fatty acyl-CoA synthetase); a fatty acyl transferase. The methods entailed incubation of 3H-corticosterone with the nuclear fraction in the presence and absence of: the cofactors, CoA, ATP, and Mg2+; oleoyl-CoA and other fatty acyl CoA donors. The results of the present investigation support the view that the major cellular site for the acylation of adrenocortical hormones is the nucleus. It has been suggested that the acylation serves to modulate the biological action of the hormones on the mammary glands by interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 3489605 TI - Relationship between bone GLA-protein (BGP) and calcidiol (25-hydroxycalciferol) in serum of breast-fed infants. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study the bone metabolism in early infancy by establishing the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and the hormonal vitamin D status of exclusively breast-fed infants during their first month of life. Calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxycalciferol (calcidiol), 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol (calcitriol) and osteocalcin (BGP or GLA protein) were measured in 22 healthy lactating women and their paired breast-fed infants before and after supplementation (400 IU vitamin D per day). Prior to supplementation calcidiol, calcitriol and osteocalcin remained unchanged. Following supplementation there was an increase in all the parameters with the exception of calcitriol. The administration of vitamin D to breast-fed infants should in fact have an effect on bone activity as reflected by the increase in osteocalcin levels. PMID- 3489604 TI - Calcidiol in human milk. The effect of prohormone on vitamin D status of breast fed unsupplemented infants. AB - Vitamin D, free or sulfoconjugated, and calcidiol (25(OH)vitamin D) levels were measured by competitive binding assay in breast milk samples of nursing mothers. Vitamin D status of their unsupplemented breast fed infants was determined. A strong correlation was established during the first month of the infant life only between calcidiol mother milk content and breast-fed infant serum. Calcidiol seems to be the vitamin D derivative mainly responsible for the maintainance of the vitamin D status of the newborn infant. PMID- 3489606 TI - Proceedings of the international symposium. Hormones in milk: their physiological role. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, Sept. 16-20, 1985. PMID- 3489607 TI - Androgen receptors in the cerebral cortex of fetal female rhesus monkeys. AB - The present study characterizes putative androgen receptor activity in the cerebral cortex cytosol of the female fetal monkey (Macaca mulatta) on days 125 135 postconception. Binding activities were compared using tritiated 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and methyltrienolone (R1881) as ligands. Receptor concentration and association constants (Ka) were estimated from bound/total vs. total ligand binding curves. For R1881 and DHT, Ka values were 4.3 X 10(9) and 7.0 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. Receptor concentrations using the two ligands were estimated to be 5.5 X 10(-15) mol/mg protein (R1881; n = 2) and 1.7 X 10(-15) mol/mg protein (DHT). Analysis of receptor binding on DEAE-cellulose columns (KCl gradient) revealed multiple binding peaks (0.05-0.3 M KCl); similar elution profiles were obtained for the two ligands. Competition with either R1881 or DHT significantly reduced [3H]DHT binding throughout the KCl gradient, while triamcinolone acetonide had no effect. In contrast, [3H]R1881 binding was reduced by all three competitors. Cytosol from fetal male seminal vesicles had [3H]ligand binding activity that was chromatographically similar to that of cerebral cortex. In contrast, binding in fetal male serum was negligible. Competition of cerebral cortex binding with a variety of hormones, including SCH-16423, progesterone, and cortisol, and analysis of the results on DEAE-cellulose suggested that there may be additional species of ligand-binding molecules. In summary, the findings verify the existence of a specific androgen receptor(s) in the cerebral cortex of fetal female rhesus monkeys. Its presence may be important for understanding both the influence of androgens on central nervous system development and the potential for teratogenic agents to disrupt normal patterns of central nervous system development. PMID- 3489608 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and human bone-derived cells in vitro: effects on alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen and proliferation. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], but not 24,25-(OH)2D3 stimulates the alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured human bone cell populations. The stimulatory effect of the sterol was dose dependent (10(-10)-10(-7) M), evident by 24 h, and observed over a range of cell densities. Analysis of the radiolabeled collagens synthesised by human bone cell cultures indicated the synthesis of predominantly type I collagen. In the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3, but not 24,25-(OH)2D3, there was a dose-dependent (10(-11)-10(-9) M) increase in radiolabeled proline incorporation into collagenase-digestible protein and in the amount of collagen synthesized, expressed as a percentage of the total protein synthesis. The effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was observed over a range of cell densities and appeared to be specific for the synthesis of type I collagen. The stimulatory effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on alkaline phosphatase activity and the increase in proline incorporation into collagenase-digestible protein were accompanied by a dose-dependent (5 X 10(-11) to 5 X 10(-8) M) inhibition of bone cell proliferation. These findings suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 is an important modulator of the growth and differentiation of human bone cells in vitro. They are also consistent with the possibility that 1,25-(OH)2D3 has direct effects on bone formation in vivo. PMID- 3489609 TI - Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptors in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aorta. AB - Characteristics of specific receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its effect on cellular proliferation and synthesis of DNA and protein were studied in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from rat aorta. Binding studies using 125I-EGF revealed the presence of high affinity binding sites for EGF on VSMC in culture: the apparent dissociation constant was approximately 2.5 X 10( 10)M and the maximal binding capacity was approximately 67,000 sites/cell. EGF stimulated cellular proliferation and incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine into the cells in a dose-dependent fashion; the approximate half maximal stimulation was induced with 1.5 X 10(-10)M. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) had an additive effect with EGF on DNA synthesis by VSMC. Preincubation of VSMC with unlabeled EGF resulted in a substantial reduction in the number of receptors without changing the affinity, suggesting receptor "down regulation" mechanism. These data indicate that rat aortic VSMCs have specific receptors for EGF, and suggest that EGF, in addition to PDGF, is also involved in the cell growth of VSMC. PMID- 3489610 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), human calcitonin and [Asu1,7]-eel calcitonin on gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), human calcitonin (CT) and [Asu1,7]-eel CT on the volume and acidity of gastric juice was examined in the pylorus-ligated male rats. These 3 peptides were effective in suppressing both the volume and acidity of secreted gastric juice. Their potency on a molar basis, however, was markedly different; [Asu1,7]-eel CT was most potent, followed by human CT and finally by rat CGRP. These finding suggest that CGRP could not substitute for [Asu1,7]-eel or human CT in exerting the suppressive effect of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 3489611 TI - Ozone effects on alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in vivo: blood plasma inhibitory activity is unchanged. AB - The possible oxidative inactivation of human blood plasma alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) by inhaled ozone was assessed. Eleven male volunteers (non smokers) were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for four hours on two consecutive days and ten control subjects were exposed to air under the same conditions. Blood plasma samples, drawn before and after treatment, were assayed for total alpha-1-PI, total protein and elastase inhibitory activity. The amount of active alpha-1-PI in plasma samples was quantitated by titrating porcine pancreatic elastase with increasing amounts of plasma. The importance of constructing titration curves for determinations of this type was demonstrated. No differences were noted in the ratios of total alpha-1-PI/total protein or elastase inhibitory activity/total alpha-1-PI in the plasma from ozone exposed individuals relative to controls. Although inhaled ozone did not result in any significant decrease in the activity of blood plasma alpha-1-PI, these findings do not preclude the possibility of oxidative inactivation of a alpha-1-PI in the lung. PMID- 3489612 TI - Complex partial seizures: cerebral structure and cerebral function. AB - We studied the relationships between cerebral structure and function in 10 patients with complex partial seizures who had major cerebral lesions, including porencephalic cysts, tuberose sclerosis, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and cerebral hemiatrophy. Evaluation included computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, EEG, and positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]-2-deoxyglucose. Surface EEG usually showed widespread, bilateral epileptiform discharges even if pathology was clearly restricted to one hemisphere. In several cases, interictal PET hypometabolism was more widespread than structural changes seen on CT and MRI, extending to involve the ipsilateral temporal lobe in patients with extratemporal lesions. This study shows that patterns of metabolic and electrophysiologic dysfunction may not be predicted by structural lesions in patients with partial seizure disorders. PMID- 3489613 TI - Outcome of asbestos exposure (lung fibrosis and antinuclear antibodies) with respect to skin reactivity: an 8-year longitudinal study. AB - Two hundred seventy asbestos workers were examined during an 8-year period. During this time five consecutive surveys were completed. Skin tests with streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), tuberculin (PPD), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were performed in the middle of this period. The results of these tests were related to X-ray chest film results and the appearance of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). In all surveys, except the first, X-ray films with small irregular opacities with a profusion greater than or equal to 1/1 belonged more frequently to asbestos workers who did not respond to SK-SD or PHA. Thirty-one cases of asbestosis were diagnosed at that time, 23 of them became asbestotic after the skin tests were performed. Asbestotic cases contributed more frequently to the group with anergy as compared to asbestos workers lacking asbestosis. Furthermore, asbestosis was correlated with lack of response to second strength of SK-SD in males and PHA in both sexes. Lack of response to these activators was predictive of asbestosis. Asbestos workers with ANA frequently displayed a lack of response to the first strength of SK-SD, PPD, and PHA. This was partly due to the presence of asbestotic cases in the group. However, low responders to all these activators were found more frequently in the group with ANA independent of the presence of asbestosis. PMID- 3489614 TI - Association of erythrocyte protoporphyrin with blood lead level and iron status in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980. AB - Both iron status and body burden of lead influence heme biosynthesis. Measurement of protoporphyrin IX in the circulating erythrocyte (EP) has been used to index the extent of lead exposure and iron deficiency. The association of iron status and blood lead level with the level of EP in whole blood for persons ages 6 months through 74 years in the general U.S. population has been investigated by using data obtained in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Iron status was defined as a function of percentage transferrin saturation (%TS) and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Both low iron status (%TS less than or equal to 16.0 or TIBC greater than or equal to 450 micrograms/dl serum) and elevated blood lead levels (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/dl) were associated with increased EP concentrations. The analysis of the proportions of persons in the U.S. population with EP levels above the 95th percentile (30 micrograms EP/dl of whole blood in the NHANES II data) support the concern that iron status has considerable influence on interpretation of EP levels recommended for use in screening programs aimed at identifying children with lead toxicity. With screening techniques based on EP only, currently used in various public health programs, a considerable number of children with blood lead levels of greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 50 micrograms/dl are not referred for further diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 3489616 TI - The role of EGF receptor transmodulation in embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor-induced mitogenesis. AB - Exposure of quiescent 10T1/2 fibroblast cells to embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor (ECDGF) results in a rapid temperature and ECDGF concentration dependent inhibition of [125I]EGF binding to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (transmodulation). ECDGF predominantly inhibits the association of [125I]EGF with a high affinity subclass of EGF receptors, and induces increased phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on serine and threonine residues. No mitogenic effect of EGF can be detected in the presence of ECDGF concentrations which induce maximal EGF receptor transmodulation. ECDGF-induced EGF receptor transmodulation is sensitive to phorbol ester-induced desensitization whereas ECDGF-induced DNA synthesis is unaffected by prolonged pre-treatment with biologically active phorbol ester. These findings suggest that EGF receptor transmodulation is not essential for ECDGF mitogenicity but may inhibit EGF induced DNA synthesis. PMID- 3489617 TI - Frequency and epidemiologic associations of different types of vaginitis in symptomatic women in Greece. PMID- 3489615 TI - Autocrine growth and progression of murine X-ray-induced T cell lymphomas. AB - Primary tumors of X-ray-induced murine T cell lymphomas comprise autocrine, growth factor-dependent cells. We have grown cell lines from primary X-ray induced thymic lymphomas (PXTLs) under conditions which minimize the progression of the cells from factor dependence to factor independence. All (22) PXTL lines grown secrete a growth factor which supports their own growth and which we will call lymphoma growth factor LGF. LGF-dependent cells are non-tumorigenic or poorly tumorigenic, do not clone in soft agar, have no detectable rearrangements in the c-myc or Pim-1 region and possess near diploid or pseudodiploid karyotypes without evidence for trisomy of chromosomes nos. 15 or 17. PXTL-secreted LGF has no interleukin 1, 2, or 3 activity nor do LGF-secreting cells synthesize detectable IL-1, -2, or -3 mRNA. LGF contains no detectable interferon or GM-CSF activity in specific bioassays. Purified EGF, TGF beta, and interleukin preparations are inactive on LGF-dependent PXTL cells. Thus LGF appears to be a new growth factor that is required for the proliferation of non-progressed T lymphoma cells. Upon progression PXTL cells become growth factor independent, are highly tumorigenic in vivo, clone in soft agar, and assume a near triploid karyotype containing numerous chromosomal aberrations. Thus in X-ray-induced lymphomagenesis an autocrine, LGF-dependent phase precedes the progressed phase characterized by rearrangements in the myc and/or Pim-1 regions as well as by many chromosomal aberrations visible in the karyotype. PMID- 3489618 TI - Antibiotic resistance pattern of Flavobacterium meningosepticum. PMID- 3489619 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte, T-lymphocyte, and natural killer cell activities in elderly nursing home residents. PMID- 3489620 TI - In vivo kinetics and displacement study of a carbon-11-labeled hallucinogen, N,N [11C]dimethyltryptamine. AB - The endogenous hallucinogen, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), was labeled with carbon-11 and its regional distribution in rat brain studied. [11C]DMT showed higher accumulation in the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, and amygdaloid nuclei. Studies of the subcellular distribution of [11C]DMT revealed the specific localization in the fractions enriched with serotonin receptors only when a very low dose was injected into rats. The proportions of the radioactivity in receptor rich fractions were greatly enhanced by pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline. Specific binding of [11C]DMT to serotonin receptors in dog brain was demonstrated by a positron emission tomographic study in which 5 methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine caused approximately 20% displacement of the radioligand from the receptors. PMID- 3489621 TI - Structural requirements for inducing in vitro B lymphocyte activation by chemically synthesized derivatives related to the nonreducing D-glucosamine subunit of lipid A. AB - Mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation (PBA) activities of 16 synthetic compounds related to the nonreducing D-glucosamine (GlcN-II) subunit of lipid A were investigated. Among compounds possessing the GlcN backbone, a 4-O phosphorylated GlcN derivative carrying N-linked 3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C14)] and 3-O-linked tetradecanoyl (C14) groups, GLA-27, expressed the highest degree of both activities. Omission of the 3-O-linked C14 group from GLA 27 and transfer of the C14 group to the C-6 position induced critical changes in expression of activities. Both 4-O-phosphorylated compounds carrying an N-linked C14 or 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl (C14OH) group instead of the C14-O-(C14) group in GLA-27 showed no detectable activity. Substituting a 3-O-linked C14 group in GLA 27 for the C14-O-(C14) group also markedly decreased mitogenic and PBA activities. Change of phosphorylation site from the C-4 to the C-6 position and bisphosphorylation at the C-4 and C-6 positions induced somewhat weak depression. Much weaker activities were observed in a compound carrying N-linked 3 dodecanoyloxydodecanoyl [C12-O-(C12)] and 3-O-dodecanoyl (C12) as fatty acid substituents. No detectable activity was seen in a compound carrying N-linked 3 hexadecanoyloxyhexadecanoyl [C16-O-(C16)] and 3-O-hexadecanoyl (C16), indicating that the most suitable carbon chain length for expressing the activities is C14. Regarding structural change of the GlcN backbone, a 1-deoxy derivative of GLA-27 exhibited stronger activity than did GLA-27 itself. Mitogenic and PBA activity of GLA-27 were stronger than those of lipid X, which corresponds to the reducing D GlcN (GlcN-I) subunit of Escherichia coli lipid A and is a 1-O-phosphorylated GlcN derivative carrying N- and 3-O-linked C14OH groups. These results indicate that N-linked acyloxyacyl and 3-O-linked acyl groups and phosphorylation are critical for expressing both mitogenic and PBA activities. PMID- 3489623 TI - T cell involvement in the decrease of antigen-responsive B cells in aged mice. AB - The role of T cells in the reduced frequency of splenic B cells specific for several antigens in aged mice was studied by assessing B cell responsiveness in (a) aged nude mice and (b) irradiated young mice repopulated with splenic B cells or with Ig- bone marrow cells from young mice and T cells from aged vs. young mice. Using the fragment culture technique to assess B cells specific for 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP) and for (4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl) acetyl, we found that the frequency of responsive splenic B cells in aged BALB/c nude mice was very similar to that of young nude mice. In addition, we found that in chimeric mice constructed with either bone marrow or splenic B cells from young mice and T cells from aged mice the frequency of DNP-specific splenic B cells was significantly lower than that in control chimeras constructed with T cells from young mice. These results indicate that T cells from aged mice can down regulate B cell responsiveness and that a mature, naive B cell may be its possible target. The results of both experimental approaches are consistent with a role for T cells in the regulation of responsive B cells in aging. PMID- 3489622 TI - A comparison of eosinophil-activating factor (EAF) with other monokines and lymphokines. AB - Monocytes from moderately eosinophilic individuals secrete material that enhances the cytotoxic activity of eosinophils against antibody-coated schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. This material is not a single substance, but can be fractionated into several active components of different size and different charge. Gel filtration of mononuclear cell supernatants separated the eosinophil activating activity into a major component of molecular mass of 40 kDa and a minor component of molecular mass of less than 10 kDa. The major component exhibited further heterogeneity on fractionation by high performance liquid chromatography. The bulk of the eosinophil-activating activity could be separated from both colony-stimulating factor (CSF) alpha activity and from tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity. However, human recombinant CSF alpha (GM-CSF), human recombinant TNF and rabbit tumor necrosis serum all had eosinophil-activating activity when tested against schistosomula. Eosinophils were not activated by interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interferon-alpha, lipopolysaccharide or phorbol myristate acetate. PMID- 3489624 TI - Isolation and characterization of macrophage-derived C1q and its similarities to serum C1q. AB - Recently, we have shown that the collagen-like, Fc-recognizing subcomponent C1q of the first complement component is synthesized by human, guinea pig and mouse peritoneal macrophages. To test whether macrophages may contribute to the serum pool of C1q, C1q was purified from guinea pig serum and from guinea pig peritoneal macrophage supernatants and compared for similarities. Both molecules had a similar sedimentation rate (macrophage C1q: 11.3 S, serum C1q: 11.2 S) and showed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions three identical bands with molecular weights of Mr, 29 000, Mr, 27 000 and Mr 23 000 for the A, B and C chains, respectively. Both C1q molecules migrated by immunoelectrophoresis in the gamma region and, in Ouchterlony analysis, showed complete antigenic identity with rabbit anti-serum C1q. These experiments demonstrate the antigenic and protein chemical similarities between serum C1q and C1q secreted by macrophages supporting the idea that macrophages have to be considered as one potential source of serum C1q. Furthermore, macrophage-derived C1q may be of importance in the local microenvironment at an inflammatory site involving macrophages. PMID- 3489625 TI - High-affinity [3H]GBR 12783 binding to a specific site associated with the neuronal dopamine uptake complex in the central nervous system. AB - We labelled the neuronal dopamine uptake system by using the potent dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12783 in its tritiated form (18.3 Ci/mmol). The binding of [3H]GBR 12783 to rat striatal membranes was saturable and specific with a Kd of 1.6 nM and a Bmax of 10.3 pmol X mg protein-1 as determined by Scatchard analysis. [3H]GBR 12783 binding to rat striatal membranes was inhibited by dopamine uptake inhibitors with IC50 highly correlated with their IC50 for inhibiting [3H]dopamine uptake by a rat striatal synaptosomal preparation. The rank order of potency was the following: GBR 12783 greater than amfonelic acid greater than mazindol greater than pyrovalerone greater than nomifensine greater than benztropine greater than amineptine greater than methylphenidate greater than cocaine. Substrates of dopamine uptake competed with [3H]GBR 12783 binding at concentrations higher than those at which they inhibited [3H]dopamine uptake. In rats with a unilateral section of the medial forebrain bundle, the decrease in [3H]GBR 12783 binding to membranes prepared from the ipsilateral striatum was equal to the decrease in [3H]dopamine uptake by a synaptosomal preparation obtained from the same striatum. [3H]GBR 12783 bound in a sodium-dependent manner to membranes prepared from striatum, nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium. GBR 12783 displayed an approximately 150-fold lower affinity for the cortical norepinephrine uptake system labelled with [3H]desipramine than for the dopamine transport complex labelled with [3H]GBR 12783. [3H]GBR 12783 appears an attractive tool for the selective characterization of the dopamine uptake system in vitro. PMID- 3489626 TI - Prolongation of the action potential and reduction of the delayed outward K+ current by halothane in single frog atrial cells. AB - Halothane has been shown to produce significant changes in heart rate and strength of contraction. We have studied the mechanism(s) of these effects by recording action potentials and transmembrane ionic currents in single cardiac cells from bullfrog atrium. Our results show that the action potential was prolonged and its plateau was depressed; and that there was a significant inhibition of a potassium current, Ik, and a Ca2+ current, Isi, following halothane (2%) application. PMID- 3489627 TI - Kinetics of [3H]MPP+ uptake in dopaminergic neurons of mouse: regional effects of MPTP neurotoxicity. AB - In an effort to determine the specificity of MPTP/MPP+ toxicity with respect to the dopaminergic systems, the effect of prior MPTP treatment on [3H]MPP+ uptake in the striatum and olfactory tubercle of BALB/cBy mice was examined. Kinetic analysis of [3H]MPP+ uptake indicated a reduction of Vmax values in both striatum (49%, P less than 0.05) and olfactory tubercule (26%, P less than 0.05). MPTP treatment did not significantly alter the Km in either region, although MPP+ accumulates in both olfactory tubercle and striatum, these dopaminergic systems show different sensitivity to the neurotoxicity of MPTP/MPP+. PMID- 3489628 TI - Brain dialysis in conscious rats reveals an instantaneous massive release of striatal dopamine in response to MPP+. PMID- 3489629 TI - Chronic angiotensin treatment stimulates the growth and the 11 beta-hydroxylase activity of rat zona fasciculata cells. AB - Long-term angiotensin-II (AII) administration provokes a time-dependent rise in the volume of zona fasciculata cells and in the plasma concentration of corticosterone in rats treated with dexamethasone and maintenance doses of ACTH. The AII-induced zona fasciculata cell hypertrophy is coupled with comparable increases in the surface area per cell of the mitochondrial cristae and in the activity per cell of 11 beta-hydroxylase. These findings suggest that AII enhances the growth and the steroidogenic capacity of rat adrenal zona fasciculata. PMID- 3489630 TI - Effect of splenopentin (SP-5) on the antibody formation in immunosuppressed mice. AB - Sublethally irradiated C57Bl/6 mice (whole body irradiation with 600 cGy) were treated with or without diacetyl splenopentin and compared for their capacity to produce antibodies against target sheep red blood cells. As demonstrated, mice treated with splenopentin produced antibodies earlier and in a higher level than animals untreated. PMID- 3489631 TI - A sensitive method to quantify the terminal differentiation of cultured epidermal cells. AB - Terminal differentiation of normal and malignant keratinocytes is routinely determined by the ability of these cells to form cornified envelopes after incubation with a calcium ionophore. We have used the human squamous cell carcinoma, SqCC/Y1, to quantify cellular differentiation by the formation of detergent-insoluble protein. The methodology developed employs the metabolic labeling of detergent-insoluble cellular protein with [35S]methionine in the presence of a calcium ionophore. The ratio of filter-retainable radioactivity to that of total cellular protein was shown to be closely correlated to the results obtained by measuring the number of envelope-competent cells when cells were induced to enter a pathway of terminal differentiation in culture by serum deprivation or by treatment with hydrocortisone, and during the inhibition of maturation by either retinoic acid (RA) or epidermal growth factor (EGF). This way of measuring the degree of terminal differentiation of epidermal cells is a relatively simple one that readily allows the simultaneous measurement of multiple samples. PMID- 3489633 TI - Endogenous pyrogen/interleukin-1 production in aged rats. AB - The effect of aging on the ability of macrophages to produce endogenous pyrogen/interleukin-1 (EP/IL-1) was tested in 13 young adult (2-3 mo) and 13 aged (24-26 mo) Fischer rats using a febrile response assay. Peritoneal macrophages from aged rats produced EP/IL-1 as well as young adult rats. Decreased production of EP/Il-1 does not appear to explain the diminished febrile response seen in the elderly. PMID- 3489634 TI - Regulation of diffusion-chamber granulopoiesis by colony-stimulating factor. AB - Studies were undertaken to examine the role of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in controlling murine peritoneal diffusion-chamber (DC) granulopoiesis. Serum CSF was unchanged for 1-3 days after 700-750 rad total body irradiation. Variable increments were noted on the fourth and seventh days after irradiation. DC CSF increased four- to fivefold over serum activity within 24 h of implantation in control mice. An eight- to tenfold increment over serum levels was noted in DC CSF from irradiated mice. Both serum and DC CSF were neutralized completely by repeated injections of anti-CSF serum. DC granulopoiesis was studied by immobilizing marrow cells in plasma clots in peritoneal DC. Repetitive administration of anti-CSF serum or a purified monospecific anti-CSF antibody caused a marked reduction in DC granulopoiesis. This was characterized by a decrease in both the number and size of granulocyte colonies, with a 40%-80% decrease in total granulocytes per chamber. These findings indicate that the granulopoiesis observed in the DC of irradiated hosts is associated with an increase in local rather than systemic CSF production. Neutralization of the CSF reduces proliferation of the granulocyte progenitor cell and maturation of more differentiated granulocytic cells. PMID- 3489632 TI - Glycogen metabolism in an amphibian retina. AB - The rate of incorporation of [3H]glucose into glycogen was determined in bullfrog retina incubated in vitro in dark and in the light. The rate of incorporation for glucose was found to be approximately two-fold greater in the dark than in the light, 0.108 vs. 0.061 nmol mg-1 protein min-1, respectively. The turnover rate for glycogen was found also to be approximately two-fold greater in the dark than in the light, 0.051 vs. 0.027% min-1, respectively. PMID- 3489635 TI - New monoclonal antibodies SN3, SN3a, and SN3b directed to sialic acid of glycoprotein on human non-T leukemia cells. AB - We have generated and characterized three new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), termed SN3, SN3a, and SN3b, which are directed to sialic acid of a glycoprotein(s) on human non-T leukemia cells. These mAbs were generated by immunizing mice with an antigen preparation isolated from cell-membrane glycoconjugates of NALM-1, a pre-B leukemia cell line. The initial characterization of the mAbs consisted of a sensitive cellular radioimmunoassay against various cultured human leukemia-lymphoma (HLL) and nonmalignant cell lines. They strongly reacted with all four (all three in the case of SN3a) non T/non-B HLL cell lines tested and both pre-B HLL cell lines tested. However, they reacted with only one of three B HLL cell lines tested. In addition, these mAbs did not react with other cell lines, which include T- and myelomonocytic HLL cell lines and nonmalignant B-cell lines. Normal peripheral blood cells were also tested; the mAbs reacted with B cells and granulocytes but not with T cells, monocytes, erythrocytes, or platelets. In a test using SN3 and SN3b with uncultured cell specimens derived from various cancer patients, the mAbs primarily reacted with non-T/non-B and B HLL specimens, as well as with chronic myelocytic leukemia specimens. The biochemical nature of antigenic determinants defined by the three mAbs was studied by treating the non-T leukemia cells with sialidase and proteases. The results show that the antigenic determinants defined by these mAbs all contain a sialic acid residue(s) that is attached to the cells via a protein backbone(s). Competitive binding experiments show that binding of SN3 to the leukemia cells was blocked almost completely by SN3a and SN3b, as well as by BA-1. Both SN3 and SN3a are IgG1 antibodies, whereas SN3b is an IgM antibody; SN3b showed a strong complement-mediated cytotoxic activity against non T leukemia cells. PMID- 3489636 TI - Subpopulations of mouse bone marrow high-proliferative-potential colony-forming cells. AB - Bone marrow cells taken from mice treated eight days previously with 5 fluorouracil, formed colonies consisting of 10-100 cells after four days of incubation in methylcellulose cultures containing only 500 cells/dish, in the presence of partially purified synergistic factor from human placental conditioned medium (SFHPlac) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). Replating of these colonies revealed a high incidence (27%) of another class of high-proliferative-potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) responsive only to the synergistic factor in WEHI-3B-conditioned medium (SFW, which appears to be identical to interleukin 3) plus CSF-1. These colonies contained no HPP-CFC responsive to SFHPlac plus CSF-1, although primary cultures incubated for 14 days in the presence of SFHPlac plus CSF-1 formed large colonies (diameter greater than 0.5 mm), indicating the presence of HPP-CFC responsive to SFHPlac plus CSF-1 in the starting marrow. Primary cultures containing SFW alone, or purified interleukin 3 alone, also gave rise to colonies consisting of 10-100 cells after four days of incubation in methylcellulose cultures; however, the cells from these colonies were unable to form large colonies on replating in the presence of either CSF-1 plus SFHPlac or CSF-1 plus SFW. These results suggest that two distinct populations of HPP-CFC exist and that the population of HPP-CFC stimulated by CSF-1 plus SFHPlac differentiates to form HPP-CFC that respond to CSF-1 plus SFW. PMID- 3489637 TI - Production of multilineage hemopoietic growth-stimulating activities by a human melanoma cell line. AB - In this study, we report that conditioned medium (CM) from the human melanoma cell line Hs0294 contains growth-stimulating activity for human and murine hemopoietic progenitor cells of multiple lineages. Crude CM was assayed for hemopoietic progenitor cell growth-stimulating activity (HP-GSA) in plasma clot cultures of 10(5) C57B1/6J mouse bone marrow cells or 10(5) light-density, nonadherent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CM concentrations as low as 0.2% had demonstrable HP-GSA for murine and human hemopoietic progenitor cells, although peak activity for all hemopoietic progenitor cell types assayed (murine CFU-Mix, BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-M and human BFU-E) was observed with 5%-10% Hs0294-CM. Growth-stimulating activity for human erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) was comparable to that produced by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human mononuclear cell CM. Stimulation of murine hemopoietic progenitors by Hs0294-CM was comparable to the activity in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cell CM. The Hs0294-CM did not contain detectable quantities of erythropoietin or interleukin 3. Human burst-promoting activity was stable through sequential freezing and thawing, heating to 50 degrees C for 1 h or 100 degrees C for 5 min, and incubation at pH 9.8 for 1 h, but lost 70% of its activity when incubated at pH 2.2 for 1 h. More than 95% of the HP-GSA was recovered in the 50%-80% fraction by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. The HP-GSA had an estimated molecular weight of approximately 21,000. In conclusion, we have shown that a human melanoma cell line, Hs0294, produces multilineage HP-GSA. PMID- 3489638 TI - Target cell for prostaglandin E in the stimulation of in vitro human erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells: correlation of Ia antigen expression with the stimulatory effect. AB - The role of monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and Ia antigen expression in the mediation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) stimulation of in vitro erythroid progenitor cells was studied. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were selectively depleted of monocytes or T-lymphocytes. Stimulation of burst formation was noted at PGE1 concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-8) M in the presence or absence of monocytes or T-lymphocytes in the cultures. The role of Ia antigen expression in the stimulatory response to PGE1 was explored by performing clonogenic assays on monocyte-depleted cells that had been pretreated with complement alone, monoclonal anti-Ia (NEI-011) and complement, or anti-Ia alone. Colony formation was reduced by 50%-89% after treatment with anti-Ia and complement. The stimulatory response to PGE1 was abrogated following anti-Ia-complement treatment, but was preserved following treatment with anti-Ia alone. These results suggest that monocytes and T-lymphocytes are not required for PGE1 induced stimulation of burst formation and that Ia antigen expression correlates with sensitivity to the stimulatory effect of PGE1. PMID- 3489640 TI - Suppression of visually evoked postural responses. AB - Normal subjects standing on an earth-fixed force platform inside a movable room displaced at velocities comparable to those accompanying spontaneous body sway, exhibit a visually evoked postural response (VEPR) some 600 ms after the start of the room movement. It consists of a displacement of the centre of force of the body in the direction of the stimulus (primary component), followed shortly by a corrective displacement in the opposite (secondary component). On second presentation of the stimulus VEPR is markedly reduced, but only if full proprioceptive information from the lower limbs is available to the subjects. A patient deprived of this information showed much enhanced VEPR which he was unable to suppress, in contrast to a patient with absent vestibular function who presented normal VEPR. The results show that in the presence of conflict between different sensory clues, vision is initially dominant in sway control, although adaptive processes can quickly rearrange this hierarchy. PMID- 3489639 TI - Ventrolateral medullary neurons projecting to the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area through the medial forebrain bundle: an electrophysiological study in the rat. AB - A total of 152 ventrolateral medullary neurons was antidromically stimulated from both the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (MPOAH) and the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in urethane anesthetized rats. These neurons were located primarily dorsal to the lateral reticular nucleus and could be readily classified in at least two groups, type I and type II cells on the basis of electrophysiological properties. The action potentials of type I cells had a shorter duration, and their conduction velocities ranged from 0.45 to 3.1 m/s. By contrast, type II cells, most predominantly observed, were characterized by a longer duration and an unusual shape of their action potential, and the antidromic propagation into the somatodendritic complex was often blocked. The conduction velocity (mean = 0.21 m/s) and absolute refractory period (mean = 2.63 ms) of type II cells are consistent with them having fine non-myelinated axons. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), but not 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, directly into the MFB blocked antidromic responses of 57% of type II cells tested. The residual type II cells whose antidromic responses were not affected by 6-OHDA were located significantly rostral to the 6-OHDA sensitive cells. Neither antidromic response of type I cells tested, on the other hand, was affected by 6-OHDA. The majority of type I cells were dramatically activated by noxious pinches of the tail, whereas the noxious stimuli produced no detectable change in the firing of type II cells. These data demonstrate that ventrolateral medullary neurons projecting to the MPOAH through the MFB are comprised of at least three distinct populations: 6-OHDA resistant fast conducting cells with somatic afferents, 6-OHDA sensitive and resistant slow conducting cells. PMID- 3489641 TI - The calcitonin-like sequence of the beta CGRP gene. AB - We have identified a region within the beta CGRP gene which has the potential to encode a novel calcitonin-like peptide. The gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p 12-14.2) and we suggest that it resulted from a local duplication of the alpha gene. We have been unable to detect the corresponding mRNA in a variety of tissues which express alpha-calcitonin. It is not clear whether this sequence can be expressed in man. PMID- 3489642 TI - Immunological activities of muramyl peptides. AB - Muramyl peptides are endowed with numerous modulatory effects on the immune and nervous systems. Studies with synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the smallest unit of bacterial cell walls that can replace Mycobacteria in Freund's complete adjuvant, revealed that this glycopeptide can regulate several functions of cells involved in the immune response. The adjuvanticity of MDP and the MDP-induced activation of macrophages against tumors were found to be potentiated in vitro and in vivo with monoclonal anti-MDP antibodies. When used on immunoadsorbent columns, the anti-MDP antibodies removed the somnogenic and pyrogenic activities contained in supernatants of stimulated rabbit peritoneal macrophages. Based on these data a hypothesis is put forward to explain the immuno- and neuro modulatory effects of muramyl peptides. PMID- 3489643 TI - Induction of interleukin 1 by synthetic and naturally occurring muramyl peptides. AB - Like bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins), synthetic muramyl peptides (MPs) are thought to exert many of their biological effects by inducing the production of various mediators from host cells. Both synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and naturally occurring sleep factor (SF), which contains an MP structure, stimulate human monocytes to produce interleukin 1 (IL 1). IL 1 is a family of unique polypeptides that mediate a variety of host defense functions and possess several biological properties, many of which are shared with MPs. Endotoxins are potent inducers of IL 1, but polymyxin B, which blocks endotoxin's biological activities, has no effect on MP-induced IL 1 production. SF purified from human urine and SF isolated from the peritoneal fluid of patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) induce IL 1 when incubated with human mononuclear cells in vitro. SF from urine or CAPD fluid induces IL 1 production in the picrogram per milliliter range whereas synthetic MDP requires microgram per milliliter concentrations. Thus, both synthetic and naturally occurring MPs exert their biological effects, in part, by inducing IL 1. PMID- 3489644 TI - [Effect of blood movement on the reactivity of blood vessels]. AB - The influence of electrokinetic phenomena arising from blood movement on reactivity of blood vessels has been studied. The potential difference, as it has been established, occurs during blood movement along a vessel between its internal and external surfaces, being dependent upon the rate of blood movement, and the internal one becomes negatively charged. Blood movement facilitates penetration of molecules of dye with a positive charge into a vessel wall. The contractile response of a vessel to the stimulation of vasomotor nerves gradually increases with a start of blood movement and decreases after a blood stop. Artificially applied potential difference between the internal and external vessel surfaces results in the changes of contractile response and vessel tone. The role of electrokinetic phenomena in regulation of contractile ability and vessel tone is discussed. PMID- 3489645 TI - [Effects of sodium and calcium ions on the potentials of cardiac pacemaker cells in the frog]. AB - True and latent pacemaker cells were differentiated in the frog heart sino-atrial area. Within the first 5 min in the hyposodium solution, a decrease of the overshoot and maximal velocity of depolarization occurred. The true pacemaker cells did not reveal any changes of the AP parameters within 30-60 min. The cells of true pacemaker exhibited a higher sensitivity to the hypocalcium solution. The data obtained suggested a scheme of the whole cycle of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 3489646 TI - [Antibodies to DNA--an inventory of the current status]. PMID- 3489647 TI - [Immediate-type reactions to pyrazole derivatives: results of skin tests and antibody determinations]. AB - In a multicentric study by the European Study Group for Drug Allergy 58 patients suffering from an immediate type reaction after intake of pyrazol analgetics were examined with regard to allergy or pseudoallergy. Besides the scratch tests with the original substance we performed cutaneous tests with pyrazol conjugates and determined IgE and IgG antibodies by means of modified radioallergosorbent (RAST) method. Three groups could be distinguished: pseudoallergic reactions to nonsteroidal analgetics of the aspirin type (15 cases); IgE-mediated pyrazolone allergy verified by skin tests and/or IgE-RAST (21 cases), and pyrazolone idiosyncrasy (26 cases). PMID- 3489648 TI - Resistance to beta-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae: distribution of phenotypes related to beta-lactamase production. AB - Phenotypes of susceptibility to amoxycillin (Amo), ticarcillin (Tic), cephalothin (Ctn) were determined in 1366 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae by disk method and beta-lactamases were identified in 243 strains belonging to different phenotypes of amoxycillin-resistant strains. AmoR TicR CtnS strains (25%) were penicillinase producers and all of them were susceptible to the combination amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (Amo/CA) and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (Tic/CA). Amo1/R TicS CtnR strains (12%) were cephalosporinase producers and resistance to Amo/CA was observed, except for Proteus vulgaris. AmoR TicR CtnR strains (18%) often produced two beta-lactamases (penicillinase and cephalosporinase) and they were resistant to Amo/CA; in this group, susceptibility to Tic/CA depends on the nature and the amount of the beta-lactamase produced, except for Serratia marcescens for which antibiotic resistance is probably due to other mechanisms. Tic/CA resistance was mainly found in Serratia marcescens (41%) and Enterobacter cloacae (36%). PMID- 3489649 TI - In vivo regulation of hemoglobin phenotypes of developing Rana catesbeiana. AB - We have examined the effects of phenylhydrazine-induced anemia on the in vivo synthesis of specific hemoglobins at larval, metamorphic, and post-metamorphic stages of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, and have found that at all stages the animals qualitatively and quantitatively regenerate their pre-anemia hemoglobin profiles, with one exception: Animals approaching or undergoing the metamorphic hemoglobin switch synthesize only adult hemoglobin during recovery from anemia. We conclude that the ontogenetic progression of hemoglobins in R. catesbeiana is regulated at the level of differentiation of distinct erythroid cell lines, each committed to expressing a particular hemoglobin phenotype; this regulation is unperturbed by anemia. PMID- 3489650 TI - [Effect of cerebrospinal fluid of various species on the trophic and functional state of organs and tissues and the physiological activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in disordered nervous system trophicity]. PMID- 3489651 TI - Gastrointestinal lesions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most frequent form of bleeding after epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. As a part of an epidemiologic study, gastrointestinal telangiectases could be endoscopically demonstrated in 28 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, most frequently in the upper gastrointestinal tract and predominantly in the stomach and the duodenum. The typical endoscopic finding was nodular angiomas that did not differ, with regard to form and size, from external telangiectases. However, in 15 patients some of the gastrointestinal telangiectases were surrounded by an anemic halo. A significant difference was found in the age at onset of epistaxis (median 11 yr) and of gastrointestinal bleeding (median 55.5 yr). There was no intrafamilial or interfamilial variation as to heredity and clinical manifestations. The blood group distribution in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and gastrointestinal telangiectases did not differ from that of other patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, whereas there was a significantly higher frequency of blood group O among patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia than among the background population. PMID- 3489652 TI - Effects of intraluminal epidermal growth factor on mucosal proliferation in the small intestine of adult rats. AB - To determine whether intraluminal administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a trophic effect on small bowel mucosa, catheters were surgically placed in the ileum of adult rats and infused with EGF. Comparing animals receiving EGF (5 micrograms/48 h) with controls, in the ileum mean mucosal ornithine decarboxylase specific activity increased by greater than 200% (p less than 0.001), mean deoxyribonucleic acid specific activity and crypt labeling index increased by greater than or equal to 100% (p less than 0.001), and mean deoxyribonucleic acid content of the mucosa increased by 25% (p less than 0.05). During these studies, the jejunum was not exposed to ileal infusate, as shown with the use of a phenol red marker. Nevertheless, all measurements except deoxyribonucleic acid content increased in the jejunum as well, although to a lesser extent. A greater rise in mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and deoxyribonucleic acid specific activity could be demonstrated in the jejunum when EGF was infused directly into this segment. Mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity was found to be dose-dependent and to increase in the ileum only after a latent period of 12-24 h. We conclude that intraluminal administration of EGF stimulates a mucosal proliferative response in the small intestine. Intraluminal EGF appears likely to be one of a number of endogenous trophic factors in the small bowel. PMID- 3489653 TI - [Labor documentation system: a simplified method of documentation and quality control in obstetrics]. AB - A simple on-line data collection system was developed for facilitating documentation and quality assessment in perinatal medicine. A microcomputer is used for acquisition of the most important obstetrical data. The system substitutes the handwritten birth notification form and permits automatic medical reporting. In addition an information system for day-to-day clinical routine is provided. Special programmes allow the compilation of statistical analysis as requested by the government as well as for internal quality assessment. PMID- 3489654 TI - Flow cytometry analysis of DNA degradation in thymocytes of gamma-irradiated or hydrocortisone treated rats. AB - The pattern of DNA degradation in thymocytes of irradiated or hydrocortisone treated rats has been studied by means of flow cytometry of the cells, treated with probes specifically bound to the AT or GC-pairs of DNA. It has been shown that the death of thymocytes is accompanied by a decrease in their DNA content. The main features of the occurrence and accumulation of cells with a DNA content less than the normal diploid level correspond with those of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation: such cells appear after a 1 hour lag-period, their accumulation is prevented by cycloheximide injection and is lower at 300 Gy than at doses of 10 to 30 Gy. At the same time, no increase in permeability of the cell membrane to ethidium bromide was observed up to the sixth hour after irradiation. Most of the thymocytes dying under the action of irradiation or hydrocortisone are in the G0 or G1 phases of the cell cycle. The method used allows detection of the cells with cleaved but not removed DNA. PMID- 3489656 TI - Comparison between hepatic and nonhepatic vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. AB - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is a microsomal enzyme system involved in the carboxylation of protein-bound glutamic acid residues. In mammals, the enzyme is found in many different types of tissue. Hence carboxylated ('Gla-containing') proteins are widely distributed in nature. Neither in vitro nor in vivo differences have been observed with respect to the vitamin K-binding sites of the various carboxylases. Differences between the substrate-binding sites could only be compared after suitable substrates became available. These substrates were prepared from descarboxyprothrombin, osteocalcin and a sperm Gla protein. Substantial differences were detected between the Michaelis constants of various carboxylases for the three substrates mentioned above. It is concluded that vitamin K-dependent carboxylase is a group name for a family of isoenzymes. PMID- 3489655 TI - Enhancement of antibody production to hepatitis B surface antigen by anti idiotypic antibody. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id) against antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) could modulate in vitro anti-HBs production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients positive for serum anti-HBs produced significantly increased amounts of anti-HBs by the addition of IgG fraction of anti-anti-HBs as well as purified HBsAg in a soluble form when compared to those in cultures with pokeweed mitogen alone. F(ab')2 but not Fc fragments of anti-anti-HBs significantly enhanced anti-HBs levels in cultures. Anti-anti-HBs or HBsAg alone, however, did not induce anti-HBs production. Anti-HBs production was not observed by the additions of these additives when peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic HBsAg carriers and control individuals were used. These findings indicate that anti-Id modulates the immune response to HBsAg. PMID- 3489657 TI - Vitamin K and the urogenital tract. AB - Solubilized microsomes from bovine liver, kidney and testis were compared with regard to their content of vitamin-K-dependent carboxylase, the presence of endogenous vitamin K as well as that of endogenous carboxylatable precursor proteins. The isolation and purification of these protein substrates was not successful. Using antibodies against various well characterized proteins containing gammacarboxyglutamic acid (Gla), we were able to identify precursors of the blood coagulation factors II, IX and X in liver microsomes. The nonhepatic proteins could not be identified in this way. Gla-containing proteins, however, were isolated from human sperm, urine and renal stones. It was demonstrated that like osteocalcin - also the urinary Gla protein inhibits the precipitation of various calcium salts from supersaturated solutions. The concentration of the urinary Gla protein (16 mg/l) in human urine is well above the concentration required for the in vitro inhibition of salt precipitation. PMID- 3489658 TI - [Experiences with thermography in the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Possible use of thermography (AGA Thermovision 750) in heart surgery has been investigated in animal experiments and in human extracorporeal operations as well. In six open-chest isolated dog hearts, coronary circulation had been occluded and antero- and retrograde local cooling was employed. Following coronary occlusion, effective hypothermia was achieved retrograde via the coronary sinus. 22 patients were arranged into three groups according to the operation technique used, and the possibilities for effective cardiac cooling by cold cardioplegic solution were studied. Hearts of the six patients subjected to surgical intervention for valvular lesions (four mitral and two aortic) could be safely cooled by cold cardioplegic solution infused through the aorta or the coronary arteries. The hearts of the twelve patients with coronary artery stenosis could be cooled sufficiently by additional retrograde infusion only. Employing antero- and retrograde hypothermia, in four patients the size of the aneurysm of the left ventricle, and the area which had to be resected was determined by thermography. Thermography is considered to be a suitable non invasive method to derive information concerning: the efficacy of cold cardioplegic solution in aortocoronary bypass grafting, quantitative changes in nutritive coronary flow, the size of left ventricular aneurysmectomy. PMID- 3489660 TI - The course of patients following variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 3489659 TI - [Changes in immunologic parameters following heart operations with special reference to the postcardiotomy syndrome]. AB - In 29 patients (twelve female, 17 male) the following immunologic parameters were examined before and between days 1 to 3, 6 to 8, 13 to 15 and 20 to 22 after open heart surgery: T-lymphocytes; immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE; complement factors C3, C4 and the autoantibodies (Anti-DNA, myocardial antibodies, SMA, ANA, AMA) to assess changes in these parameters and their relationship to postoperative complications, in particular post-cardiotomy-syndrome (PCS). PCS was found in five patients (17.2%), in three fully developed, in two in a partial form. In the very early (first to third day) postoperative course, significant suppression of most parameters was found, most likely due to tissue traumatization intraoperatively as well as to the extracorporeal circulation. There was suppression of T-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA and the complement factors C3 and C4. The IgE rose slightly. The serum IgM level appears to be of prognostic relevance since the patients with IgM suppression had a higher incidence of postoperative complications (PCS, pancreatitis). In the later postoperative course IgM, C3 and C4 significantly exceeded the preoperative values. The rise in IgM can be explained as an immunologic answer to a subclinical infection or to an immunization by autoantigenic tissue. The rise in C3 and C4 was interpreted as an acute phase reaction. These changes, however, had no influence on the postoperative course of the autoantibodies, only subsarcolemmal myocardial antibodies were found preoperatively; in four of the five patients with PCS, these myocardial antibodies were present prior to surgery. Postoperative myocardial antibodies were found in 75% of the patients. In all probability they are only indicative of nonspecific myocardial lesions. PMID- 3489661 TI - An immunohistochemical study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: correlation of morphological appearances and immunophenotype in 148 cases. AB - An unselected series of 148 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been studied by immunohistological methods. In each case, the morphological features displayed in paraffin sections were correlated with the immunophenotype, determined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Of the lymphomas 82% were B-cell type, 28% of follicle centre cell origin, 17% lymphocytic or immunocytic and 30% of large cell type. All the B-cell tumours expressed pan-B antigen, and nearly all HLA-DR. In most, light chain monoclonality was demonstrable. Nearly all had moderate to large numbers of T-cells of both subtypes interspersed amongst the B-lymphocytes. Follicle centre cell tumours expressed surface IgM and IgD and had numerous dendritic reticulum cells. Lymphocytic and immunocytic lymphoma expressed IgM but less IgD, and had fewer or no dendritic reticulum cells. Large cell lymphoma expressed either no immunoglobulin or only IgM, and contained ragged dendritic reticulum cells, giving the appearance of 'burnt-out' follicles. T-cell lymphomas usually showed a clear preponderance of either helper or suppressor subtype. Additionally, they contained residual B-cells and sometimes germinal centres. Only 3% of this series were 'non-B, non-T', and only one case HLA-DR negative, so the 'null' or 'unclassifiable' group is very small when information from antibody markers is available. PMID- 3489663 TI - Site-dependent phenotypic heterogeneity in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. AB - Peripheral T-cell lymphomas constitute a heterogeneous population of postthymic T cell malignancies. Characteristically, they present a varied phenotypic expression, which can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. A case of a peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a 76-year-old man is described. The malignant cells in the skin and bone marrow were of the T4 (helper/inducer) phenotype, yet they did not express pan-T-cell antigens, such as T11, or functional E rosettes. In a biopsy specimen from a lymph node, however, the malignant cells had a helper/inducer phenotype and also expressed the pan-T-cell antigens T11 and Leu 5. Additionally, the malignant cells from the lymph node formed E rosettes. This study demonstrates the phenotypic heterogeneity of malignant T cells, which appears to be site-dependent. PMID- 3489662 TI - Angiotropic large cell lymphoma of the prostate gland: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Malignant angioendotheliomatosis (MAE) is a rare disorder characterized by the intravascular proliferation of neoplastic mononuclear cells. Until recently, the cell of origin was uncertain; some investigators reported MAE to be lymphomatous in nature, while others claimed it to be of endothelial derivation. In the present unusual case, MAE was an incidental findings in the prostate of a patient with prostatic adenocarcinoma; it is shown to be a lymphoma of B-cell origin. PMID- 3489664 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin variation in Southern Africa. AB - Eleven Southern African populations were shown to be polymorphic at the alpha 1 antitrypsin locus. A 'new' electrophoretically detectable alpha 1-antitrypsin variant (PiWsan) which has a lower isoelectric point than does PiM, was found in the Bantu-speaking Negro and San populations. PiWsan appears to be functionally normal as judged by quantitative and qualitative studies. PMID- 3489665 TI - Colour blindness distribution in the male population of Rome. AB - A total of 3,285 young males selected at random from the school population of Rome have been administered the Ishihara plates for colour blindness. Those who failed to read all plates correctly were further administered Farnsworth's Panel D-15 and the diagnoses of colour blindness were made by an ophthalmologist and cross checked. A total of 201 subjects were found to be colour-blind, allowing a gene frequency estimate of 0.061 +/- 0.004. This is the first reliable estimate for the Italian population and appears to be lower than for other Caucasoid populations. The gene frequency of colour blindness is known to increase from 0.02-0.04 in 'primitive' populations to 0.07-0.09 in Caucasoid populations, possibly as a result of a selection relaxation. PMID- 3489666 TI - Pi MZ phenotype and an increased prevalence of reported psoriasis in a community survey. AB - In a community survey of 953 adults we identified 40 who reported having had psoriasis. Eight of these cases were subsequently documented from physicians' records. alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) phenotyping identified 35 MZ individuals, 4 (11.4%) of whom reported psoriasis. Among the 918 non-MZ individuals 36 (3.9%) reported psoriasis, yielding a relative incidence of 3.2 (p less than 0.05). This is consistent with previous reports suggesting an association between moderate alpha 1-AT deficiency and psoriasis. PMID- 3489667 TI - Characterization of rabbit cells by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. AB - Reagents for the identification of rabbit cell markers have been developed at a relatively slow rate. In this paper, rabbit cells are being characterized by polyclonal antibodies against a T-cell antigen (RTLA), a B-cell antigen (RABELA) and an analogue of murine Ia antigen. A number of monoclonal antibodies, specific for lymphocytes and/or bone marrow and/or polymorphonuclear leucocytes, have been used for the analysis of cells with identifiable membrane antigens. Populations that have cells with two of the above antigens in the membranes were identified. To these ends, complement-mediated cell kill by antisera alone and in mixtures was employed. PMID- 3489669 TI - Passively acquired antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus impair the secondary cytotoxic T-cell response in the neonatal mouse. AB - Passively acquired antibody has been known since the 1940s to impair the secondary antibody response to the homologous antigen. However, the effect of passive immunity on the T-cell response is largely unknown. The results presented here demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), transferred in the mother's milk or injected directly, can reduce the generation of RSV-specific cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) precursors by the neonatal mouse; the development of influenza-specific Tc was unaffected. Both non neutralizing and neutralizing antibodies, and Mabs directed against either the fusion (F) or G proteins of RSV, can impair the secondary Tc response. The ability of a given antibody to produce this impairment depends on its titre and its subclass, which determines its absorption from the gut by the neonate. These results are of interest in relation to virus infections in humans, such as RSV or measles, which are often contracted in the first 6 months of life, when maternal antibody is still present in high titre. PMID- 3489668 TI - Differential expression of RT1 class II genes in fibroblast cell lines: recognition by allogeneic and xenogeneic T lymphocytes. AB - A cosmid (cos a 13.1) containing RT1 class II B alpha and B beta genes was introduced into mouse and rat fibroblast cell lines by transformation. Mouse L cells transformed with cos a 13.1-synthesized cell surface class II molecules that were similar, with respect to apparent molecular weight and binding of xenogeneic- and allogeneic-specific antibodies, to class II molecules on rat B cells. RT1 class II molecules on the surface of mouse L cells were recognized by both allogeneic and xenogeneic T cells. In contrast, rat-2 cells transformed with cos a 13.1 did not synthesize any detectable RT1 class II molecules at the cell surface, and the levels of B alpha and B beta mRNA were generally very low or undetectable. This differential expression of exogenous class II genes was not exclusively due to a trans-acting positive regulatory factor in L cells. Other possible explanations for this difference are discussed. PMID- 3489670 TI - Synergy between interleukin-2 and a second factor in the long-term growth of human T cells. AB - It has recently been shown that factors in addition to interleukin-2 (IL-2) are required for the proliferation or differentiation of at least some murine T-cell lines. We have previously shown that conditioned medium from human mononuclear cells stimulated with phorbol ester and staphylococcal enterotoxin A is superior to commercial sources of IL-2 for the long-term growth of human T cells. We have identified in these supernatants a non-IL-2 factor (synergistic factor, SF) which synergizes with JURKAT IL-2 in the long-term growth of human T cells. [3H]TdR incorporation by IL-2-dependent human T cells after growth in IL-2 or SF alone for 14 days was slight, but significant. By contrast, growth in a combination of SF and IL-2 for 14 days stimulated [3H]TdR incorporation 10-20-fold higher, generally equal to the high incorporation measured when cells were grown in the presence of the conditioned medium from which SF was obtained. In a standard 2 day IL-2 assay, there was no correlation between activity and long-term growth promoting ability. These results suggest that the 14-day assay better discerns the growth-promoting activity of various factors or combinations of factors. The mechanism of this interaction between SF and IL-2 remains to be elucidated. It is clear, however, that T-cell growth factor activity, when assessed by the long term growth of human T cells, is not due to interleukin-2 alone. PMID- 3489671 TI - Monoclonal antibody NIM-R3 substitutes for B-cell growth factor. AB - A rat monoclonal antibody (NIM-R3) was found to be reactive with activated mouse B cells but neither activated T cells nor small resting lymphocytes, T or B. The antibody stains antibody-forming cell precursors within 48 hr of primary or secondary immunization in vivo, but not at longer times (greater than 14 days) immunization. When added to cultures of spleen cells responding in vitro to dinitrophenylated bovine, IgG, the number of antibody-forming cells was increased. NIM-R3 also maintained the proliferation of purified B blasts in the absence of lipopolysaccharide, but did not activate small resting B cells in the presence of anti-Ig. NIM-R3 could replace B-cell growth factor (BCGF II) in cultures of the murine B-cell lymphoma BCL1 inducing proliferation but not differentiation. Finally, competition was demonstrated for binding sites on BCL1 cells between BCGF II and NIM-R3, but not between NIM-R3 and T-cell replacing factor (B15-TRF). We suggest that NIM-R3 may represent a novel specificity and may be directed against the cell surface receptor for BCGF II, and in turn this receptor may be independent of the B15-TRF and BSF1 receptors. PMID- 3489672 TI - Impairment of immune function after cessation of long-term chronic stress. AB - A pronounced impairment of mitogen-induced proliferation of splenic lymphocytes was observed in Fischer-344 male rats 1 month after termination of exposure of the animals to stress. The stress model used in these experiments was random schedules of a signaled, escapable electric foot-shock stress for 2-4 h/day over a period of 6 months. The magnitude of the observed immunosuppression correlated positively with the total, cumulative stress exposure received by the animals. The effect was not secondary to changes in the percentage of splenic T lymphocytes in stressed, compared to control rats. Also, at the time of sacrifice, plasma levels of corticosterone were comparable in experimental and control animals. Therefore, the immunosuppression observed 1 month after the last stress session cannot be attributed to pituitary-adrenocortical hyperactivity, at the time of sacrifice. These results provide the first evidence that stress induced immunosuppression is not restricted to the period of exposure to the stress. This finding may contribute to a better understanding of the suggested association between stressful life events and increased susceptibility to disease in humans. PMID- 3489673 TI - Further definition of the Ly-5 system. AB - Ly-5 is expressed by cells of the hematopoietic branch of development. Further serological analysis of the Ly-5 system, aided by Ly-5 monoclonal antibodies and by two Ly-5 congenic mouse strains, reveals two new Ly-5 alloantigens, Ly-5.3 and Ly-5.4. The data define three thymocyte phenotypes, Ly-5.1,3, Ly-5.2,4, and Ly 5.2,3, and three corresponding genotypes, Ly-5a, Ly-5b, and Ly-5c, respectively. Ly-5a is by far the most common allele. The Ly-5c allele is found only in the ST/bJ strain, a finding that accords with the presently unique pattern of restriction fragments previously observed in Southern blotting of ST/bJ DNA with an Ly-5 cDNA probe. Present serological and biochemical data favor the interpretation that the compound Ly-5 phenotype of thymocytes is attributable to two separate Ly-5 molecular isoforms that exhibit a discrete difference in protein composition, bear different Ly-5 antigens, and are produced jointly by thymocytes, unlike other Ly-5 isoforms previously shown to distinguish different hematopoietic cell lineages. PMID- 3489675 TI - Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis in non-specific vaginitis. PMID- 3489674 TI - Selection and characterization of transferrin receptor mutants using receptor specific antibodies. AB - Lymphoma cell lines were selected by growth in transferrin receptor-specific antibodies and in transferrin receptor-specific antibody coupled to ricin toxin. Sequential selections were used to isolate lines with multiple mutations affecting the transferrin receptor molecule. Mutant cell lines were characterized by their growth in antibody and their antibody-binding properties. Two basic types of mutations were found. One type resulted in the loss of a binding determinant for the antibody used for selection on one of the two transferrin receptor allelic products. The other type of mutation resulted in the loss of cell-surface expression of the entire gene product of one of the transferrin receptor alleles. PMID- 3489676 TI - Control of trypanodestructive antibody responses and parasitemia in mice infected with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax. AB - After infection with a cloned population of Trypanosoma vivax, C57BL/6 mice controlled parasitemia during the exponential growth phase and survived, with intermittent parasitemia, for several weeks. In contrast, most mice of the C3H/He strain did not control the first wave of parasitemia and died within 9 to 13 days after infection. Control of parasitemia in C57BL/6 mice was mediated by the production of a variant surface glycoprotein-specific trypanodestructive antibody response which was accompanied by production of antibodies against antigens shared between procyclic and bloodstream T. vivax as well as antibodies against trinitrophenyl (TNP) and sheep erythrocytes. The infected C3H/He mice did not produce trypanodestructive antibodies or antibodies against procyclic antigens or TNP but did produce antibodies against sheep erythrocytes. Although infected C57BL/6 mice produced levels of serum immunoglobulin M four times higher than infected C3H/He mice, their parasite-induced B-cell DNA synthetic responses were similar, and both sets of mice developed similar numbers of spleen cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M, a proportion of which could react with TNP. In vitro biosynthetic labeling studies accompanied by immunoglobulin precipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the immunoglobulin-containing cells of infected C3H/He mice synthesized and secreted less immunoglobulin than similar cells from infected C57BL/6 mice. We concluded that some parasite-induced antibody-forming cells in C3H/He mice, perhaps including parasite-specific and certainly including TNP-specific cells, had an impaired capacity to make and release immunoglobulin. Within 24 h after Berenil-mediated elimination of T. vivax from infected C3H/He mice, a population of cyclophosphamide-sensitive spleen cells produced large amounts of parasite specific and TNP-specific antibody. We concluded that the defect in terminal B cell function leading to suppressed parasite-specific and TNP-specific antibody responses was induced either by living trypanosomes or short-lived factors from degenerating trypanosomes or by short-lived parasite-induced host responses. PMID- 3489677 TI - Effect of acute nutritional deprivation on macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage progenitor cells in mice. AB - The effect of short-term nutritional deprivation on host defenses and on the parameters of macrophage production was determined in outbred mice. Confirming previous data from this laboratory, initial experiments demonstrated that starved mice were relatively resistant to infection by Listeria monocytogenes as determined by spleen and liver bacterial counts. The number of macrophage progenitor cells in bone marrow rose slightly during a 72-h starvation period and returned to normal during refeeding. By contrast, the number of progenitor cells in spleens fell to 12% of the base line during starvation. The concentration of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor in serum decreased during starvation and returned to normal during refeeding. Additional experiments were performed to determine whether starved mice had increased parameters of macrophage production during listerial infection. The number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow and spleens of starved mice had increased compared with that of fed mice early in infection. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels in starved mice rose early and remained elevated during infection but were not as high as in fed mice. These data document the changes in the parameters of monocyte production during starvation and suggest that the number of macrophage progenitor cells may be related to increased resistance to L. monocytogenes. PMID- 3489678 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess by haemophilus influenzae complicating hydatid cysts. PMID- 3489679 TI - Monkey interleukin 2: optimal conditions for production and partial characterization. AB - Cynomolgus monkey spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for their ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) upon stimulation with phytomitogens. By assessing proliferation of murine IL 2-dependent cells, maximal release of IL 2 activity was found in the supernatants of nonadherent cells cultured for 48 h, after stimulation with 25 micrograms/ml concanavalin A. Addition of phorbol myristate acetate to the cultures resulted in enhancement of IL 2 production, but there was no significant promotion when indomethacin or human lymphoblastoid cell lines were added to the cultures. Adherent macrophages appeared to inhibit rather than enhance IL 2 production in this system. Monkey IL 2 exhibited a molecular weight in the range of 15,000-18,000 daltons in Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography. PMID- 3489680 TI - Differential effect of experimental diabetes on the early and late phase of contact sensitivity reaction in mice. AB - Contact sensitization induces two different kinds of T cells (both Ly 1) that act in sequence to produce upon challenge with antigen a classical 24-hour local skin swelling reaction. One of these cells produces an antigen-specific factor. It has been suggested that it sensitizes mast cells, similar to IgE antibody, and causes them to release vasoactive amines in the presence of antigen. This results in an early (2-hour) swelling reaction. Increased vascular permeability facilitates the entry of the second, lymphokine-producing Ly 1 cell into the site of reaction to elicit the classical 24-hour delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. In alloxan diabetic mice, contact sensitivity reactions are reduced significantly, and our experiments show that insulin deficiency affects only the activity of the late acting, lymphokine-producing cell and leaves the factor-producing cell responsible for the early swelling reaction unaffected. Our experiments demonstrate that insulin deficiency has different effects on distinct subpopulations of T lymphocytes. PMID- 3489681 TI - Development of quantitative liquid competition radioimmunoassays for the ras oncogene and proto-oncogene p21 products. AB - The ras gene family of rodents and humans is highly conserved and consists of several distinct genes, i.e., rodent Harvey and Kirsten, and human Harvey, Kirsten and neuroblastoma. This gene family mediates transformation via (1) a point-mutation resulting in the change of one amino acid in the 21 kDA ras gene product (p21) or (2) increased expression of ras p21. Group-specific, type selective and interspecies indirect binding liquid competition radioimmunoassays (RIAs), capable of providing truly quantitative analyses of the 21 ras oncogene and proto-oncogene products, have been developed. Using purified recombinant ras p21 from Escherichia coli expressing the full-length T24 mutant human Harvey-ras gene protein product as a standard in these RIAs, we have defined the absolute numbers of pg, fM and molecules of ras p21 in: (1) E. coli expressing the point mutated or proto-ras p21 and (2) mammalian cell lines of human and murine origin. Two of the RIAs developed can be termed group-specific in that they have the ability to detect the point-mutated and proto forms of all 3 human ras genes (Harvey, Kirsten, and neuroblastoma), while the third RIA is type-selective, since it detects an antigenic determinant located primarily on the Harvey ras p21. All 3 RIAs are interspecies-specific since they are able to detect ras p21 in rodent as well as human cells. The adaptability of the RIAs to various assay conditions and ease of methodology make these immunoassays applicable to the study of several parameters associated with ras p21 expression. These assays, used in conjunction with specific cDNA probes to identify specific ras proto oncogenes or point-mutated oncogenes being expressed, now provide truly quantitative analysis of ras p21 in mammalian cells to further the study of the association between ras p21 expression and transformation. PMID- 3489683 TI - Interactions of thiyl free radicals with oxygen: a pulse radiolysis study. AB - A pulse radiolysis study of glutathione in aqueous solution at pH 5.5 containing N2O/O2 mixtures at various ratios indicates that oxygen rapidly adds to the thiyl glutathione radical yielding a transient absorption, with a maximum at 540 nm, whose characteristics appear to be compatible with assignment to the GSOO. radical. The reaction (Formula: see text) appears to be an equilibrium whose kinetic constants have been estimated (kf = 2.0 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1, kb = 6.2 X 10(5) s-1). Evidence for electron transfer from ascorbate to the GSOO. radical has been obtained and the respective rate constant has been determined to be 1.75 +/- 0.15 X 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1. PMID- 3489684 TI - 'Fading times' required for apparently complete repair in irradiated tissues assuming the linear quadratic model of dose response. AB - The time required between well-separated pairs of doses of X-rays (e.g. 2F/day) for repairable damage to be apparently completed increases with dose per fraction and with the alpha/beta ratio, even when the underlying half-life is invariant. PMID- 3489682 TI - Comparative biological activities of potent analogues of alpha-melanotropin. Effect of nonaromatic and para substituted aromatic amino acids at position 7. AB - Several alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) analogues with para substituted aromatic and nonaromatic amino acids in the 7-position of the hormone were prepared and their melanotropic activities determined in the frog (Rana pipiens) and lizard (Anolis carolinensis) skin bioassays. D and L-Phe(p-NO2), D- and L-Tyr, D- and L Ala, and Gly were substituted in the 7-position. The use of substituted D or L aromatic amino acids in the 7th position of the central Ac-[Nle4]-alpha-MSH4-11 NH2 fragment resulted in a loss in potency relative to the corresponding phenylalanine-containing analogue. The loss in potency cannot be due entirely to steric hindrance at the melanophore receptor, since nonaromatic amino acids substituted in the 7th position of this octapeptide fragment also generally led to a loss in biological activity. We reported previously that replacement of phenylalanine-7 by its D enantiomer led to a marked increase in potency in each fragment analogue tested. Analogues containing other D amino acids in the 7th position also were more potent than their L amino acid-containing analogues with one exception: Ac-[Nle4, Ala7]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 was more potent than Ac-[Nle4, D Ala7]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 in the frog skin bioassay. Replacement of phenylalanine-7 by glycine resulted in a large decrease in potency in both bioassays, illustrating the importance of the side chain group, in this position of alpha MSH, to biological potency of the hormone. PMID- 3489685 TI - Transfer of Np(V) nitrate from gastrointestinal segments of the adult rat. AB - The transfer of soluble Np(V) nitrate was measured in gastrointestinal segments from adult rats by two procedures: instillation, in segments in which the physico chemical form of Np might be modified by gastrointestinal factors; and perfusion, in segments in which the luminal state of Np remains constant. These assays allowed accurate measurement of the Np(V) transferred from the intestine to the whole body. The amount measured was proportional to segment length and to the duration of the experiments, which lasted for periods of 0.25 to 2 h. Under these experimental conditions, hourly transfer values were about 2 percent, both per millilitre of Np(V) solution instilled and per 10 cm of jejunum perfused. This flux is very much greater than that which may be deduced from studies in which Np was gavaged into intact rats. Intestinal transfer of Np was constant for Np concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-12) M to 1 X 10-4) M. Raising the concentration of Np(V) to more than 1 X 10(-4) M reduced its intestinal transfer. Addition of Fe(II) also reduced it. The small intestine was the main site of Np(V) absorption, since the transfer from instilled jejunum was about 20 times that observed from the stomach, and no difference was noted between jejunal and duodenal transfer. PMID- 3489686 TI - The dosimetry of 224Ra in mouse bone. AB - Calculations are described, based on experimental findings, which show the variation of absorbed dose from 224Ra in bone marrow of CBA/H mice. These calculations indicate that, following an injection of a leukaemogenic amount of 16 kBq 224Ra into these mice, most marrow cells in the cancellous bone of femur ends are killed but most marrow cells in the femur shaft survive. The calculations also suggest that the mean leukaemogenic absorbed dose of about 1.5 Gy is received by a population of marrow cells about 30 microns from bone surface in the femur shaft. PMID- 3489687 TI - Action spectrum for the formation of endonuclease-sensitive sites and (6-4) photoproducts induced in a DNA fragment by ultraviolet radiation. AB - Using DNA sequencing techniques, action spectra were prepared for the site specific induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and hot-alkali sites (probably mostly 5-hydroxy-6-4-(5'-methylpyrimidine-2'-one)-dihydrothymine) in a DNA of defined sequence. The spectra for the formation of two different photoproducts were indistinguishable from each other. However, the absolute rates of induction of dimers and hot-alkali sites were different from each other, and varied from site to site. At 254, 270, and 290 nm, the spectra correlate with the action spectrum of DNA. At longer wavelengths (313 and 334 nm), the action spectra diverge from the DNA spectrum, with the efficiency of formation of both photoproducts being greater than the DNA spectrum. PMID- 3489688 TI - Haematoporphyrin derivative photosensitization and gamma-radiation damage interaction in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. AB - The interaction of haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photosensitization and gamma irradiation was studied with regard to clonogenicity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts. Exposure to either treatment alone resulted in shouldered response curves. Exposure to 4.2 Gy gamma-radiation immediately before graded doses of visible light had no effect on the shape of the visible-light survival curve; similarly, exposure to 8.75 kJ/m2 light immediately before graded doses of gamma-radiation had no effect on the shape of the gamma-radiation response curve. These data indicate that damage due to gamma-radiation and HPD photosensitization did not interact, suggesting that the mechanisms of cell killing are different. PMID- 3489689 TI - Differences in heat-induced cell killing as determined in three mammalian cell lines do not correspond with the extent of heat radiosensitization. AB - Three different cell lines, Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells, HeLa S3 cells and LM mouse fibroblasts, were used to investigate whether or not the extent of heat killing (44 degrees C) and heat radio-sensitization (44 degrees C before 0-6 Gy X irradiation) are related. Although HeLa cells were the most heat-resistant cell line and showed the least heat radiosensitization, we found that the most heat sensitive EAT cells (D0, EAT = 8.0 min; D0, LM = 10.0 min; D0, HeLa = 12.5 min) showed less radiosensitization than the more heat-resistant LM fibroblasts (TERHeLa less than TEREAT less than TERLM). Therefore, it is concluded that the routes leading to heat-induced cell death are not identical to those determining heat radiosensitization. Furthermore the inactivation of DNA polymerase alpha and beta activities by heat seemed not to correlate with heat survival alone but showed a positive relationship to heat radiosensitization. The possibility of these enzymes being a determinant in heat radiosensitization is discussed. PMID- 3489690 TI - Sensitivity to X-irradiation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from ageing donors. AB - The proliferation of human blood lymphocytes from ageing donors, responding to concanavalin A, showed greater sensitivity to inhibition by X-rays than similar cells from younger donors. This increased sensitivity was associated with deficiency in repair of X-ray-induced damage to nuclear material, as measured by density in sucrose gradients, and with increased incidence of chromosomal damage following exposure of freshly isolated lymphocytes. There was also an increased frequency of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in ageing subjects whose lymphocytes were deficient in repair of DNA damage. PMID- 3489691 TI - Radiation quality of tritium beta-rays: microdosimetric distributions for nanometer-size targets in a medium containing tritiated water. AB - To elucidate the characteristics of the action of tritium beta-rays, the following parameters are derived: electron slowing down spectra of primary electrons (beta-rays) and delta-rays in a medium containing tritiated water; and frequency distributions for the microdosimetric quantity j (number of effective primary events per track per target), fj, for nanometer-size targets exposed to tritiated water. Features of the radiation quality of tritium beta-rays are discussed by comparing the present results with those for 60Co gamma-rays and 7 MeV electrons. It is concluded that, although tritium beta-rays, 60Co gamma-rays, and 7 MeV electrons are classified as the same low l.e.t. radiation, the radiation quality of tritium beta-rays is considerably different from those of 60Co gamma-rays and 7 MeV electrons, and has specific features such as a high average l.e.t., a small total electron fluence per unit absorbed dose, and a different microdosimetric distribution, fj, for nanometer-size targets. PMID- 3489692 TI - Maintenance of corneal endothelial cell shape by prostaglandin E2: effects of EGF and indomethacin. AB - Confluent, cultured, rabbit corneal endothelial cells maintain a polygonal shape which is characteristic of these cells in vivo. When cultured in the presence of EGF (10 ng/ml) and/or indomethacin (1.0 microM), the endothelial cells have markedly different shapes at confluency. By morphometry, untreated cells are polygonal and have a maximum axis of 33 mu; EGF treatment causes a spindle-shaped elongation to 48 mu and indomethacin treatment causes a stellate-shaped elongation to 48 mu. There is a slight increase in cell density. When cells are cultured in the presence of both drugs, elongation is more pronounced to a fibroblastic appearing cell population, with maximum axes of 60 mu and more, but no additive increase in cell density. Continuity of cell borders is often lost. Corneal endothelial cells cultured in the presence of EGF, indomethacin, and PGE2 (0.5 microgram/ml) maintain their polygonal shape; PGF2 alpha is not effective at reversing the drugs' effects. Untreated and EGF-treated cells synthesize and release substantial quantities of PGE2 (2-4 ng/10(4) cells). Indomethacin completely inhibits PGE2 synthesis. It is concluded that PGE2 maintains the polygonal cell shape of the corneal endothelium in vitro and, perhaps, in vivo. The elongated forms of the cell may be related to migration and important in wound closure. PMID- 3489694 TI - Corneal epithelial cells produce thromboxane in response to interleukin 1 (IL-1). AB - Synthesis of thromboxane, a product of arachidonic acid formed via the cyclooxygenase pathway, was studied in rabbit corneal epithelial cells (SIRC cell line) under resting conditions and under the influence of interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 potentiated the production of thromboxane 3-10-fold in a dose-dependent manner. This finding assumes added significance in view of the previous observations that the same cells are capable of producing IL-1. Thus, the corneal epithelial cells may be viewed in this context as an autocrine cell producing two biologically active substances which can serve as mediators of inflammation, one of which can augment the production of the other. PMID- 3489693 TI - Vitreous glucose in bacterial and sterile endophthalmitis. AB - Bacterial or sterile endophthalmitis was induced in rabbits. The vitreous glucose levels were then assayed. Severe intraocular inflammation, whether bacterial or sterile, resulted in marked lowering of vitreous glucose as compared to control levels. Moderate or mild inflammation failed to reduce the vitreous glucose. These data suggest that determination of vitreous glucose is not of value in the differentiation of bacterial from sterile endophthalmitis. PMID- 3489695 TI - Decreased HLA-DR4 antigen frequency in homosexual males. PMID- 3489696 TI - [The Langerhans cell: outpost of the immune system in the epidermis]. AB - The Langerhans cell is a dendritic cell within the epidermis, which shows itself as the outer guardian of the immunological system. The cell stretches dendrites between the keratinocytes, makes a spiderweblike antigen snare, and thus plays the part of a highly specialized macrophage within the epidermal tissue. The development of new identification methods has made it possible to study the functions of the Langerhans cell in allergic contact dermatitis. The roll this cell plays in the pathogenesis of other dermatoses is still unclear, however. PMID- 3489697 TI - [Increasing incidence of left-sided congenital hemiplegias: indication of an asymmetrical vulnerability in the maturing hemispheres?]. AB - Between 1960 and 1983, 101 patients with congenital hemiplegia were seen at the Cerebral Palsy Center of Berne, Switzerland. During this period the numbers of right hemiplegias decreased simultaneously with the birth rate, while the left hemiplegias showed a significant increase. The known prevalence of right hemiplegias has thus disappeared in favor oft the left side (63% during the first 12.44% during the second 12 years). A continuously sinking perinatal mortality rate during the observed time suggests an improved survival of children with lesions of the right hemisphere. This hypothesis implies a higher vulnerability of the maturing right hemisphere and could explain the earlier prevalence of right hemiplegias. Possible causes of a hemispheric asymmetry are discussed. PMID- 3489698 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of bleeding esophageal varices: the Henry Ford Hospital experience. PMID- 3489699 TI - D-penicillamine-induced polymyositis occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a report of two cases and demonstration of a positive lymphocyte stimulation test to D-penicillamine. PMID- 3489700 TI - Cyclosporine: prototype of a T-cell selective immunosuppressant. PMID- 3489701 TI - Purification and properties of a beta-lactamase from Proteus penneri. AB - A cephalosporin-hydrolyzing enzyme from strains of Proteus penneri resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics was purified and characterized. The enzyme gave a single protein band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 30,000. This cephalosporinase has an isoelectric point of 6.8, a pH optimum of 6.5 and a temperature optimum of 45 degrees C. The enzyme hydrolyzed cephaloridine, cephalothin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime more rapidly than penicillins. The relative rate, with cephaloridine as 100, were: cephalothin, 50; cefuroxime, 93; cefotaxime, 48; ceftriaxone, 23; cefoperazone, 11; benzylpenicillin, 3; ampicillin, 9; and carbenicillin, less than 1. Cephamycins had low affinities for the enzyme. However, clavulanic acid and sulbactam, with high affinities for the enzyme, were inhibitors of this enzyme. PMID- 3489702 TI - Sensitivity of neurons in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog to temporal characteristics of sound. I. Stimulation with acoustic clicks. AB - The coding of fine-temporal structure of sound, especially pulse repetition rate, was investigated on the single-unit level in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog. As stimuli periodic click trains and Poisson distributed click ensembles have been used. The response to periodic click trains was studied in two aspects, focussing on two types of possible codes: a rate code and a synchrony code. From the iso-intensity rate histogram five basic average response rate characteristics as function of pulse repetition rate have been established: low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, bimodal and non-selective unit types. The synchronization capability, expressed in a synchronization index, was for a small majority of units non-significant and a low-pass function of pulse repetition rate for most of the other units. The rate code showed the largest diversity of response types and an enhanced selectivity to pulse repetition rate. The stimulus response relation to Poisson distributed click ensembles was investigated by a non-linear system theoretical approach. On the basis of first- and second-order Poisson kernels possible neural mechanisms accounting for temporal selectivity were determined. A considerable fraction of units exhibited response characteristics that were invariant to changes in sound pressure level and average click rate. These units may function as feature detectors of fine temporal structure of sound. The spectro-temporal sensitivity range of the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog appeared to be broad and not particularly tuned to the ensemble of conspecific cells. PMID- 3489703 TI - Sensitivity of neurons in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog to temporal characteristics of sound. II. Stimulation with amplitude modulated sound. AB - The coding of fine-temporal structure of sound, especially of frequency of amplitude modulation, was investigated on the single-unit level in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog. As stimuli sinusoidally amplitude modulated sound bursts and continuous sound with low-pass Gaussian noise amplitude modulation have been used. Both tonal and wideband noise carriers have been applied. The response to sinusoidally amplitude modulated sound bursts was studied in two aspects focussing on two types of possible codes: a rate code and a synchrony code. From the iso-intensity rate histogram five basic average response characteristics as function of modulation frequency have been observed: low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, bimodal and non-selective types. The synchronization capability, expressed in a synchronization index, was non-significant for 38% of the units and a low-pass function of modulation frequency for most of the other units. The stimulus-response relation to noise amplitude modulated sound was investigated by a non-linear system theoretical approach. On the basis of first- and second-order Wiener-Volterra kernels possible neural mechanisms accounting for temporal selectivity were obtained. About one quarter of the units had response characteristics that were invariant to changes in sound pressure level and spectral content of the carrier. These units may function as feature detectors of fine-temporal structure of sound. The spectro-temporal sensitivity range of the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog appeared not to be restricted to and showed no preference for the spectro-temporal characteristics of the ensemble of conspecific calls. Comparison of response characteristics to periodic click trains as studied in the companion paper (Epping and Eggermont, 1986) and sinusoidally amplitude modulated sound bursts revealed that the observed temporal sensitivity is due to a combination of sensitivities to sound periodicity and pulse duration. It was found that for most units the first-order kernels for Gaussian amplitude modulated stimuli and Poisson distributed click stimuli were alike. In contrast second-order kernels for the Gaussian amplitude modulated stimuli often represented only static non-linearities, while second-order kernels for Poisson distributed clicks (Epping and Eggermont, 1986) mostly revealed dynamic non-linearities. PMID- 3489704 TI - Relationship between penicillinase production and the in-vitro activity of methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, and cephalothin against strains of Staphylococcus aureus of different phage patterns and penicillinase activity. AB - A total of 157 strains of Staphylococcus aureus of different phage patterns and penicillinase production were investigated for their susceptibility to methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin and cephalothin by an agar dilution method. Only strains of the 52, 52A, 80, 81 complex had significantly higher IC-50 values than the rest of the strains. No correlation was found between penicillinase production and the IC-50 values. Penicillinase susceptibility divided the antibiotics into two groups: one including methicillin, oxacillin and cephalothin, and the other included dicloxacillin, cloxacillin and flucloxacillin. Nineteen strains of S. aureus which existed in both a penicillinase producing and a penicillinase non-producing form were examined for susceptibility to the six antibiotics. The difference between penicillinase positive and penicillinase negative variants was especially marked for flucloxacillin and cephalothin. Methicillin induction prior to susceptibility testing had only a minor influence on the results. Investigation of the stability of methicillin and the four isoxazolyl penicillins against penicillinase production by 37 strains of S. aureus showed methicillin to be the most stable antibiotic. This was followed by dicloxacillin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, and oxacillin in that order. The order of stability was identical and independent of phage pattern and quantitative penicillinase production. PMID- 3489705 TI - Human chorion cells respond to growth factors but lose steroidogenic capacity in primary monolayer cell culture. AB - This study has defined a method for preparation and monolayer culture of cells from chorion laeve. Cell number and cell protein content are stable over 7 d in culture. The cells will divide in response to epidermal growth factor in the presence of a supplemented, enriched medium and a collagen matrix, but they lose steroidogenic activity over time in culture. This culture system can be used as the starting point for the development of a chemically defined hormone supplemented, serum-free culture system for studies of chorion cell differentiation and fetal membrane cell interactions. PMID- 3489707 TI - Co-trimoxazole in the treatment of malaria in psoriatics. PMID- 3489706 TI - The effect of substrate and epidermal growth factor on human placental trophoblast cells in culture. AB - Attempts were made to select for trophoblast cells in cultures of mixed cell populations derived from preterm (7 to 12 wk) or term human placentas. Epidermal growth factor added to cultures on solid or porous supports caused proliferation of epithelial-type cells to give a confluent monolayer but did not increase the expression of differentiated function. The presence or absence of placental basement membrane collagen as substrate made little apparent difference; however a porous basement membrane collagen support led to increased differentiated function. Initial production of human chorionic gonadotrophin was increased and after 4 wk in culture a substantial proportion of the cells exhibited alkaline phosphatase activity. Epidermal growth factor and a substrate of placental basement membrane collagen on a porous support favorably influence the growth and differentiation of human trophoblast cells in culture. PMID- 3489708 TI - Occipital tumour with cerebello-pontine angle manifestation. PMID- 3489709 TI - rpe, a cis-acting element from the strA region of the Haemophilus influenzae chromosome that makes plasmid establishment independent of recombination. AB - Plasmids that share homology with the Haemophilus influenzae chromosome transform wild-type cells more efficiently than they transform recombination-defective mutants. A 5.2-kilobase-pair chromosomal fragment containing the strA gene of H. influenzae was found to promote efficient plasmid establishment in recombination defective mutants. A cis-acting element in the insert, called rpe for rec-less plasmid establishment, promoted plasmid transformation in rec-1 and rec-2 mutants without suppressing the recombination defects of these strains. The rpe locus increased plasmid transformation in wild-type cells without interfering with the pathway of plasmid establishment that is dependent on recombination functions. PMID- 3489710 TI - Plasmid-to-chromosome gene transfer in Haemophilus influenza during growth. AB - A low level of recombination between homologous regions of plasmids and the host chromosome occurred during cell growth. The plasmids contained antibiotic resistance markers on the homologous regions which were only expressed when they were integrated into the chromosome. Such recombination took place in Rec+ rec-2 mutants but not in rec-1 mutants. PMID- 3489711 TI - Brain imaging in the search for biological markers in affective disorder. AB - Positron emission tomography with 18fluorodeoxyglucose provides the possibility of obtaining detailed noninvasive images of the brain's metabolic rate in patients with affective disorder. The close correspondence between brain work and metabolic rate allows the researcher to assess brain functional activity and its changes with drug treatment or even sleep. Initial studies have revealed that the metabolic rate in frontal cortex relative to parietal and occipital cortex is lower in patients with bipolar affective disorder than in normal controls. A small sample of unipolar patients showed a relatively higher frontal cortex metabolic rate than normal controls. Bipolar patients also showed metabolic rates in the basal ganglia relative to whole slice metabolism to be low in comparison to normal controls. Antidepressant drugs appeared to have their greatest effects in the frontal lobes. PMID- 3489712 TI - The role of cytosolic free calcium in the generation of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in HL-60 cells. Differential effects of chemotactic peptide receptor stimulation at distinct Ca2+ levels. AB - The generation of the two inositol trisphosphate (IP3) isomers, 1,4,5-IP3 and 1,3,4-IP3, and its relation to changes in the cytosolic free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, in response to the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe was studied in the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60, induced to differentiate with dimethyl sulfoxide. Stimulation by fMet-Leu-Phe within seconds transiently elevates 1,4,5-IP3 to peak values averaging 8-fold basal levels, and leads to a concomitant rise in [Ca2+]i and to degranulation. These responses are followed by a slower and more sustained rise in 1,3,4-IP3. Alterations in [Ca2+]i modulate differentially the generation of the two IP3 isomers. At [Ca2+]i lower than 30 nM, no IP3 is generated upon fMet-Leu-Phe stimulation. Working at normal resting [Ca2+]i, but preventing the fMet-Leu-Phe induced transient rise in [Ca2+]i (by prior depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and working in calcium-free medium) the fMet-Leu-Phe stimulation of 1,3,4-IP3 levels is attenuated, whereas the response of 1,4,5-IP3 is not significantly altered. Maintained elevation of [Ca2+]i to micromolar levels with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin generates enhanced 1,3,4-IP3 levels in the absence of fMet-Leu-Phe, whereas the fMet-Leu-Phe stimulation of 1,4,5-IP3 generation is markedly inhibited. Pertussis toxin selectively abolishes the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced IP3 production, whereas ionomycin stimulation of 1,3,4-IP3 generation is unaffected. These findings indicate that in intact cells: receptor-triggered phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphodiesterase activation has a minimal Ca2+ requirement, but does not depend on a previous or concomitant rise in [Ca2+]i; Ca2+ elevations above micromolar levels decrease the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced generation of 1,4,5-IP3; and 1,3,4-IP3 generation is not directly linked to receptor activation and appears to result both from increased [Ca2+]i and 1,4,5-IP3 levels. PMID- 3489713 TI - Purification and properties of 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase, a new monooxygenase from Agaricus bisporus. AB - A new FAD-dependent monooxygenase, 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase that catalyzes the decarboxylative hydroxylation of 4-aminobenzoate and forms 4-hydroxyaniline in the presence of NAD(P)H and O2 has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography, chromatofocusing, and Sephadex G 100 chromatography from Agaricus bisporus, a common edible mushroom. The molecular weight of the enzyme, which consists of a single polypeptide, is 49,000. The enzyme contains 0.91 mol of FAD/mol of enzyme. Stoichiometric studies show that 1 mol of 4-aminobenzoate is converted to an equimolecular amount of 4 hydroxyaniline and CO2 with the consumption of 1 mol each of NADH and molecular oxygen. Results obtained isotopically with 18O2 show that one atom of molecular oxygen is incorporated into 4-hydroxyaniline formed from 4-aminobenzoate. The enzyme is most active between pH 6.5 and 8.0 in the oxidation of NADH and between pH 6.0 and 7.5 in the case of NADPH. The Km values for 4-aminobenzoate, NADH, and O2 are 20.4, 13.6, and 200 microM, respectively, and that for NADPH is 133 microM. Other substituted benzoates with free amino and carboxyl groups in the ortho or para position (e.g. 4-aminosalicylate and anthranilate) serve as substrates for hydroxylation, but, in these cases, H2O2 is formed simultaneously with the hydroxylation. The enzyme is insensitive to the chelators of iron and copper, sodium arsenite, and KCN. Heavy metal ions and p-chloromercuribenzoate severely inhibit the enzyme enzyme PMID- 3489714 TI - Uromodulin. An immunosuppressive 85-kilodalton glycoprotein isolated from human pregnancy urine is a high affinity ligand for recombinant interleukin 1 alpha. AB - Uromodulin is an 85-kDa immunosuppressive glycoprotein originally isolated from human pregnancy urine. It exhibits immunosuppressive activity in vitro at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-11) M. Recent data demonstrate that uromodulin is able to specifically inhibit in vitro assays dependent upon interleukin 1 (IL-1). We now present evidence that uromodulin is a high affinity ligand for recombinant murine IL-1 alpha. Since uromodulin has been purified to homogeneity, this should allow extensive further characterization of the mechanism of action of both uromodulin and IL-1. PMID- 3489715 TI - Proton NMR and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization studies of peptide fragments obtained by controlled proteolysis of mouse epidermal growth factor. AB - Controlled proteolysis of epidermal growth factor from the mouse leads to fragments of mouse epidermal growth factor containing residues 1-48 and 1-45. The COOH-terminal pentapeptide appears to play a crucial role in determining the hydrophobic interactions between the hormone and the stationary phase during gel chromatography on TSK-125 gel. Proton NMR studies indicate that the overall structure of mouse epidermal growth factor is retained in the protein devoid of the COOH-terminal pentapeptide, while subsequent cleavage of the peptide bond between Arg-45 and Asp-46 starts to perturb the proton resonances most characteristic of the tertiary structure of the hormone, especially those from the aromatic ring protons of Tyr-37. Consequently, photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization experiments show an increased exposure of Tyr-37 in the fragment of mouse epidermal growth factor containing residues 1-48. Nuclear Overhauser data suggest that structural changes do occur on fragmentation but seem to be localized in the tiered-beta-sheet domain which contains Tyr-37. PMID- 3489717 TI - How should we investigate the arteriopath for coexisting lesions. AB - The surgical techniques dealing with patients suffering from chronic arterial disease were developed during the first era of vascular surgery. Computerised tomography and other non-invasive screening techniques which were developed in the middle years has resulted in improved selection of patients for arteriography and surgery and has provided better means for study of the natural history of the disease. Latterly increased sophistication of these techniques has enabled us to detect and accurately assess asymptomatic arterial disease and to follow its development in the cerebrovascular, peripheral and coronary arterial circulation. This has resulted in a better understanding of risk factors involved both in the presenting lesion and in the circulation in general. From the latter point of view since the surgical management of ischaemic heart disease has improved so dramatically in the last 15 years, it is felt that a greater degree of success should be obtained in patients undergoing peripheral vascular reconstructive surgery. It is suggested therefore that adequate evaluation of the cardiac and cerebrovascular status of patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease should help to improve the overall prognosis and it is the object of this paper to set out the ways and means in which this might be achieved. PMID- 3489716 TI - A comparison of combined diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines produced by different manufacturers, in laboratory animals and in infants. AB - Three DTP vaccines were investigated for potency and toxicity (reactogenicity) both in laboratory animals and in infants. Animal tests were carried out in conformity with the WHO recommendations. Three- to five-month-old infants were investigated for their specific antibody responses and for local and systemic vaccination reactions. No correlation was found between the potency values of the vaccines as expressed in IUs and the antibody titres of the vaccinated infants. The most striking difference between the human and animal responses to vaccination was observed in the case of the tetanus toxoid. The severity of the vaccination reactions in infants correlated with the toxicity of the vaccines as assessed in the mouse weight gain test (MWGT) carried out in CBA mice. No correlation was found, however when conventional or AKR mice were used in the MWGT. PMID- 3489719 TI - Is the outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery predictable in patients with severe ventricular function impairment? AB - Sixty consecutive patients, with a mean ejection fraction of 31.8% underwent coronary revascularization at the K. U. Leuven (Belgium). The operative mortality was 6%. At twelve months after surgery, the total actuarial survival was 90.0%, at twenty four months the total survival was down to 77.9%. All the preoperative data were entered into a mathematical model and using the stepwise logistic regression method, the predictability of death at 18 months postoperatively was analyzed. Using only the ejection fraction the accuracy of the prediction was 83.3%, the sensitivity 36.4% and the specificity 93.9%. Combining ejection fraction and NYHA functional classification before surgery the accuracy increased to 91.7%, the sensitivity to 72.7% and the specificity to 95.9%. Ejection fraction alone is a poor predictor of late death with only 36.4% sensitivity, but combining it with other parameters it is possible to construct a formula predicting death at 18 months with an accuracy of 91.7%. PMID- 3489718 TI - Myocardial temperature mapping in patients with left main coronary artery disease. AB - Two consecutive groups of high risk patients with left main coronary disease (greater than 50% stenosis) undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting using different cardioplegia delivery methods were compared retrospectively for perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality. Group I (July 1979 to June 30, 1982, n = 53) received an initial 1000 ml aortic root cardioplegia infusion from a pressure regulated (85-100 mmHg) delivery system. Regional mid myocardial wall temperatures determined the distal anastomoses sequence (with the warmest region bypassed first) followed by additional 400 ml cardioplegia infusions. Group II patients (March 1976 to June 30, 1979, n = 47) had their cardioplegia administered by a hand-held syringe without regional temperature mapping. The volume injected varied and was based on cessation of electrical activity or a septal temperature less than 20 degrees C. Background data were similar except that Group I was significantly older than Group II (63.4 +/- 1.4 years vs 57.1 +/- 1.5 years, p less than 0.01). Despite this, there was only 1 (2%) perioperative MI in Group I vs 6 (13%) in Group II (p less than 0.05). There was also a marked reduction in cardiac mortality with 1 (2%) cardiac death in Group I vs 5 (11%) in Group II (p = 0.09). These data suggest that the delivery of adequate volumes of cardioplegia, in conjunction with myocardial temperature directed bypass grafting, can improve myocardial preservation in high risk patients. PMID- 3489720 TI - Inflammatory reaction as an occlusive mechanism in aortocoronary bypass grafts? AB - Morphological changes in aortocoronary vein grafts are described in two cases; one dying 5 hours post operatively and the other reoperated 8 months after aortocoronary bypass surgery for graft occlusion. Occlusive thrombi and fibrin deposition on the intimal surface and a focal inflammatory process in the wall of the vein grafts were found in the former. Thrombotic encrustation and organization similar to the manifestations of the thrombogenic theory of atherosclerosis were demonstrated in the latter. PMID- 3489722 TI - Neuroreceptor assay with positron emission tomography: equilibrium versus dynamic approaches. PMID- 3489721 TI - MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes support in vitro proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells through a mechanism different from that of interleukin 3. AB - Both MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes and interleukin 3 (IL 3) can support in vitro proliferation of mouse hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S). We examined whether MC3T3 G2/PA6 cells produce IL 3 and whether a common mechanism might underlie the action of both of these agents. We used cultured mast cells, DA-1 cells, and FDC P2 cells as the targets of IL 3 and conditioned medium (CM) of WEHI-3 cells as a source of IL 3. MC3T3-G2/PA6 CM did not support the growth of the above cells. IL 3 mRNA was not detected in the preadipocytes. Since CM obtained from the cocultures of bone marrow cells and MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells did not have a significant effect on the growth of the IL 3-dependent cells, none of the bone marrow cells seem to produce IL 3 under the influence of the preadipocytes. When the factor dependent cells were cocultured with MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells, the former did not survive, whereas mast cells and DA-1 cells intimately associated with the preadipocytes. Even when bone marrow cells, mast cells, and MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells were cocultured, the number of CFU-S increased, but not that of mast cells. These results seem to exclude the possibility of the action of IL 3 in the microenvironment provided by MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes. PMID- 3489723 TI - Error analysis of a quantitative cerebral blood flow measurement using H2(15)O autoradiography and positron emission tomography, with respect to the dispersion of the input function. AB - The effect of the inaccuracy of the input function on CBF measured by the H2(15)O autoradiographic method was investigated. In H2(15)O autoradiography the measured input function usually includes a larger dispersion than the true input function, as well as the absolute time axis having been already lost. The time constant of the external dispersion that occurred in our continuous sampling system was evaluated as 10-12 s when the dispersion function was approximated by a monoexponential function. The internal dispersion occurring in arterial lines in a human body was evaluated as 4-6 s. Such dispersion, indispensable in a patient study, was found to produce large errors in calculating CBF, e.g., 5(10) s of the dispersion caused +15(33) and +10(20)% systematic overestimations for the 40- and 60-s accumulation time respectively. An analytical correction employing an inverse Laplace transform was applied to clinical CBF studies, and the results were compared with those from the C15O2 steady-state inhalation method. Correction by 10 s in time constant, corresponding to the external dispersion, reduced the overestimation significantly from 70-100% to approximately 20%. Further correction by 5 s, corresponding to the internal dispersion, resulted in a negligible difference (less than a few percent) from the steady-state method. PMID- 3489724 TI - Correcting positron emission tomography data for cerebral atrophy. PMID- 3489725 TI - Large scale high-performance liquid chromatography of urogastrone produced by recombinant DNA technology. PMID- 3489726 TI - Determination of sun-screen agents of the p-aminobenzoic acid type in cosmetic products by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3489727 TI - Explaining discrepancies between longitudinal and cross-sectional models. AB - Data from longitudinal studies may be analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Discrepancies between estimates obtained from these analyses pose questions about the validity of cross-sectional estimates of change. In some cases these discrepancies are the result of period effects, cohort effects, or selective dropout. In others, they are the result of incomplete modeling of the process and are spurious rather than substantive. In this report, we show that when the true relation between a dependent variable and age is non-linear (e.g. quadratic), but is modeled as linear, the estimated age effect will be a function of the age distribution. In a continuous-time idealization, if the age distribution is Gaussian, the estimated age effects agree. If the age distribution is symmetric and the non-linearity is quadratic, cross-sectional and longitudinal results agree. Otherwise they do not. We illustrate these points by analysis of the relation between aging and pulmonary function in middle and old age using data from a large, prospective, longitudinal study. PMID- 3489728 TI - Developmental expression of genes for the stereoidogenic enzymes P450scc (20,22 desmolase), P450c17 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase), and P450c21 (21 hydroxylase) in the human fetus. AB - Fetal adrenal steroidogenesis is required for the production of placental estrogen, and fetal testicular steroidogenesis is required for the development of male external genitalia. We studied the ontogeny and tissue specificity of expression of the genes for three steroidogenic enzymes: P450scc (the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme), P450c17 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase), and P450c21 (21-hydroxylase) in the human fetus. RNA from fetal tissues was probed with homologous human P450scc, P450c17, and P450c21 cDNAs cloned in our laboratory. At 20-21 weeks gestation, P450scc mRNA was most abundant in the adrenal, followed by testis, placenta, and ovary. P450c17 mRNA was also most abundant in the adrenal, followed by testis and ovary, but was undetectable in the placenta. P450c21 mRNA was detected only in the adrenal. None of these mRNAs was detected in kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, or muscle. Twenty-two fetal testis samples (13-25.8 weeks gestation) were studied. P450scc and P450c17 mRNAs were most abundant at 14-16 weeks and diminished to 35 and 19% of their peak values, respectively, by 20-25.8 weeks. Ovarian P450scc and P450c17 mRNAs were present, respectively, in only 6.2% and 1.8% of the maximum amount in the testis and did not vary detectably from 14.9 to 21.5 weeks gestation. The testicular and ovarian steroidogenic enzyme mRNA data correlate well with previously reported changes in gonadal steroidogenesis with gestational age. The presence of P450scc mRNA, but not P450c17 mRNA, in the placenta indicates that the placenta is able to initiate the synthesis of some steroid hormones, but is not able to synthesize estrogen de novo. Since P450c21 was found only in the adrenal, the extraadrenal 21-hydroxylation of progesterone to deoxycorticosterone, a common event in the fetus, is probably mediated by an enzyme(s) other than P450c21. PMID- 3489729 TI - The effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on cell-mediated immunity in hemodialyzed patients. AB - The immunoregulatory effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha OHD3), a precursor form of active vitamin D3, was examined in hemodialyzed patients. Four weeks of oral administration of 0.5 micrograms/day 1 alpha OHD3 markedly enhanced the lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens without influencing lymphocyte counts or the ratios of lymphocyte subpopulations. In fact, these responses were nearly normal after treatment. These results suggest that deficiency of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 may play a role in the impairment of cellular immunity in hemodialyzed patients, and that administration of 1 alpha OHD3 may have therapeutic immunological benefit. PMID- 3489730 TI - [Clinical usefulness of thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT in cases of acute myocardial infarction, with special regard to visual diagnosis of myocardial SPECT]. PMID- 3489731 TI - Rapid microprocedure for isolating detergent-insoluble outer membrane proteins from Haemophilus species. AB - A rapid microprocedure for isolating detergent (sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate) insoluble major outer membrane proteins from Haemophilus species produced results qualitatively identical to those obtained with a commonly used preparative isolation procedure. Proteins isolated by both procedures were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after staining with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250. The time for outer membrane protein isolation was substantially reduced with the rapid procedure, allowing a larger number of membrane preparations to be obtained rapidly for routine analysis. PMID- 3489732 TI - Failure of rapid agglutination methods to detect oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Although a latex agglutination test (StaphAurex) and a hemagglutination test (Staphyloslide) correctly identified all strains of Staphylococcus aureus that were susceptible or had intermediate susceptibility to oxacillin, 17 of 73 (23%) and 18 of 73 (25%) strains of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus were not identified by StaphAurex and Staphyloslide, respectively. All strains not detected were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampin. PMID- 3489733 TI - Temperature dependence of the crossbridge cycle during unloaded shortening and maximum isometric tetanus in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The primary objective of this study was to determine if the rate limiting step in the crossbridge cycle was the same during maximum rate of shortening and during maintenance of maximum tension in an isometric contraction. To this end the temperature dependence, Q10, of the crossbridge cycle was estimated during unloaded shortening and maximum isometric tetanus. Isolated semitendinosus muscles from the frog were studied at 0 and 10 degrees C. Crossbridge cycling during unloaded shortening was determined from the velocity of unloaded shortening estimated by the slack step technique. Crossbridge cycling during maintained isometric tetanus was determined from the steady rate of energy liberation during the tetanus after allowance for energy liberation due to Ca2+ cycling. The Q10 of the velocity of unloaded shortening was 2.5 and that of the steady rate of energy liberation was 4.6. After correction for the temperature dependence of energy liberation associated with Ca2+ cycling (5.7), the estimated Q10 of the steady rate of energy liberation became 3.9. These estimates of the Q10 of the crossbridge cycle are significantly different. These results support the conclusion that the rate limiting steps during unloaded shortening and maximum isometric force maintenance occur at different steps in the crossbridge cycle. Further the high Q10 of the energy liberation due to Ca2+ cycling may relate to the high concentration of parvalbumin in frog muscle. A second objective of this study was to document in the same muscle the variation of Q10s of mechanical and energetic properties of contraction. Over this temperature range the Q10s ranged from 1.1 to 5.7. PMID- 3489734 TI - Absolute values of myothermic measurements on single muscle fibres from frog. AB - The heat and force produced in tetanic contraction of single fibres from anterior tibialis muscle of the frog Rana temporaria have been observed at measured temperatures close to 1 and 10 degrees C. Heat was measured using a Hill-Downing type thermopile. In control experiments with a resistor of known heat capacity comparable to a single muscle fibre, it was found that Peltier and Joule heating produced identical thermopile outputs. The Peltier method was used to introduce a known amount of heat into the system in each experiment with a muscle fibre. From the response to this heating the heat capacity of each preparation was obtained and used to calculate the absolute amount of heat production from the thermopile output. The heat produced during tetanic contraction (H) could be described by Aubert's equation [H = Ha (1 - e-t/tau) + hbt]. In some fibres there was no labile heat (Ha), whereas in others it was clearly present. The stable heat rate (hb) was strongly temperature dependent (Q10 = 4.06). At 0 degree C the stable heat rate (normalized by dry weight) in the single fibres was significantly greater than that in whole anterior tibialis muscle. PMID- 3489735 TI - In situ detection of class I and II major histocompatibility complex antigens in the rat central nervous system during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. An immunohistochemical study. AB - To determine in situ localization of cells bearing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II antigens in the central nervous system (CNS), immunohistochemical examination was performed on CNS sections of Lewis rats sensitized for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Class I antigens identified by OX18 were detected on endothelial cells (EC) and cells with dendritic morphology (DC) of normal rats. OX18+ DC increased in number as the clinical signs of EAE became more severe, while the number of OX18+ EC in clinical EAE rats was not different from that of normal control rats. Infiltrating lymphocytes were always observed around OX18+ vessels. Double staining showed that OX18+ DC was negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Cells with morphological features of oligodendroglia were not detected with OX18 in both normal control and EAE rats. MHC class II antigens (Ia antigens) were detected using three MAbs: OX3, OX6 and OX17. These three different MAbs essentially showed the same staining pattern. In normal controls, mononuclear cells in the subarachnoid space were stained positively, but no Ia+ parenchymal cells were detected. In EAE rats, Ia+ DC were first detectable in the white matter of the spinal cord at the preclinical stage, and increased in number as the disease progressed. On the other hand, double-staining with OX6 and anti factor VIII-related antigen antiserum, or with OX3 and anti-vimentin antiserum demonstrated that endothelial cells even with lymphocyte cuffing were negative for Ia antigens. Based on the data obtained in the present study, the possible role of MHC class I and II antigens in the development of EAE is discussed. PMID- 3489736 TI - Management of septic arthritis in children. AB - Forty-five children underwent initial nonoperative treatment of hematogenous septic arthritis in joints other than the hip. Only joints with symptoms for less than 6 days and without associated osteomyelitis were included. Thirty-four of the 49 joints were successfully managed by aspiration and antibiotics, whereas the remaining joints were successfully managed by surgical drainage following a lack of response to nonoperative treatment. All children had a satisfactory result after an average follow-up of greater than 3 years. Early diagnosis and treatment are more important than the method of drainage. If a lack of response is seen to initial nonoperative treatment, surgical drainage will still lead to a satisfactory outcome. PMID- 3489737 TI - von Willebrand protein facilitates platelet incorporation in polymerizing fibrin. AB - von Willebrand protein was found to promote the incorporation of platelets into evolving fibrin thrombi. Using formalin-treated or fresh platelets, both the initial rate and extent of platelet incorporation into polymerizing fibrin were dependent on von Willebrand protein. von Willebrand protein was incorporated into evolving fibrin thrombi in parallel with platelets. Soluble fibrin monomer covalently linked to acrylonitrile beads (Matrex 102) bound von Willebrand protein specifically and saturably with an apparent approximate dissociation constant (KD) of 15 micrograms/ml. Glycocalicin, the water-soluble proteolytic fragment of glycoprotein Ib, bound to fibrin monomer in this system specifically and saturably, as well, with an apparent approximate KD of 5 micrograms/ml, but only in the presence of saturating concentrations of von Willebrand protein. These data demonstrate that the initial rate and extent of platelet incorporation into evolving fibrin thrombi are dependent on von Willebrand protein; von Willebrand protein serves as a link between polymerizing fibrin and platelet surface glycoprotein Ib; and von Willebrand protein binds to fibrin monomer and is thereby able to bind to platelet surface glycoprotein Ib in the absence of ristocetin. PMID- 3489738 TI - Recombinant human transforming growth factor-alpha stimulates the formation of osteoclast-like cells in long-term human marrow cultures. AB - Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is synthesized by a variety of tumor cell lines and stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The mechanism by which TGF-alpha increases osteoclast activity is unknown. We used a human marrow culture system that forms osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (MNCs) to determine the effects of recombinant human TGF-alpha on MNC formation. Addition of 0.01 ng/ml TGF-alpha for the 1st week followed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] for the subsequent 2 wk significantly increased MNCs. Treatment of these cultures with TGF-alpha without later addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 did not increase MNC formation. Autoradiographic studies revealed that TGF-alpha stimulated proliferation of precursors for MNCs, and 1,25(OH)2D3 increased their rate of fusion into MNCs. Addition of murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) (0.1 ng/ml) followed by 1,25(OH)2D3 also significantly stimulated MNC formation. These data suggest that TGF-alpha and EGF may stimulate bone resorption by increasing the proliferation of osteoclast precursors, which leads to increased numbers of osteoclasts. PMID- 3489739 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae: trial organised as part of United Kingdom national external quality assessment scheme for microbiology. AB - Six strains of Haemophilus influenzae were distributed to 417 United Kingdom laboratories who were asked to test susceptibility of the strains to ampicillin, augmentin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim and to test for beta lactamase production. Laboratories were also asked to provide details of their methods by completing a questionnaire. The incidence of reports recording sensitive strains as resistant was 8% (ampicillin), 7% (augmentin), 3% (tetracycline), 1% (chloramphenicol), and 12% (trimethoprim). The incidence of reports recording resistant strains as sensitive was 9% (ampicillin), (2% with beta lactamase producing strains, 24% with non-beta lactamase producing strains), 51% (augmentin), 10% (tetracycline), 20% (chloramphenicol), and 3% (trimethoprim). High error rates were associated with several methods or practices. These included use of general purpose growth media rather than susceptibility testing media and failure to add lysed blood to the media when testing trimethoprim susceptibility; standardise the inoculum; use suitable control strains; and the use of high content discs for testing chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ampicillin. PMID- 3489740 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis expresses immunophenotypes associated with T cell lymphoma but not inflammation. AB - Twelve skin biopsy specimens of lymphomatoid papulosis from nine patients were studied immunohistologically. The large atypical cells morphologically resembled Reed-Sternberg cells in six cases and large cerebriform mononuclear cells in three cases. These cells expressed pan-T cell antigens (Leu-4 and/or Leu-5) and helper T cell antigen (Leu-3) in each case. They also expressed activation antigens: HLA (human lymphocyte antigen)-DR, HLA-DQ, Tac, and T9. Reactivity of many nuclei with Ki-67 indicated a high proliferative index. Phenotypic abnormality of the large atypical cells was evident by their deficiency of T cell antigens Leu-1 and/or Leu-9 in eight of nine cases. Neither Ki-1 nor Leu-M1 were reliable markers for lymphomatoid papulosis in this series, since large atypical cells were Ki-1-positive in only three of eight cases and were Leu-M1-negative in all eight cases tested. The remainder of the cutaneous infiltrate consisted of small T cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, and granulocytes. The small T cells expressed a normal phenotype except in some cases associated with mycosis fungoides in which they were deficient in various T cell antigens. Comparison of concurrent lymphomatoid papulosis and mycosis fungoides skin biopsy specimens in two patients revealed that they were composed of phenotypically distinct T cell subpopulations. These results indicate that the large atypical cells of lymphomatoid papulosis are a proliferating population of activated helper T cells that are deficient in certain T cell antigens. Such abnormal T cell phenotypes are common in T cell lymphoma but are rarely, if ever, observed in cutaneous inflammation. In conjunction with the cytologic atypia, aneuploidy, and association with other lymphomas documented in this or previous reports, these data suggest that lymphomatoid papulosis represents a T cell lymphoproliferative disorder rather than an inflammatory disorder. PMID- 3489741 TI - Immunopathology of cutaneous human lupus erythematosus defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. AB - Skin biopsy specimens obtained from involved skin from sixteen patients with systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus were studied. Murine monoclonal antibodies with a biotin-avidin-horseradish peroxidase staining system were used. The findings consisted of a marked reduction in the number of epidermal Langerhans cells defined by surface antigens, reduced HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens on the surface of dermal capillary endothelium, and mononuclear cell infiltrates characterized by a predominance of helper T lymphocytes and an increase in the number of mononuclear phagocytic cells. B lymphocytes were rarely identified. The number of T lymphocytes within the dermis correlated inversely with both the number of HLA-DR-positive epidermal Langerhans cells (p less than 0.01) and the HLA-DR staining of dermal capillary endothelium (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that a T lymphocyte-mediated immune response associated with a reduction in Langerhans cells and capillary endothelium HLA-DR antigens is involved in the inflammatory process of lupus erythematosus skin. PMID- 3489742 TI - Characteristics of cardiovascular responses of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) to thermal stimulation of the spinal cord. AB - Selective thermal stimulation of the spinal cord caused changes in ventricular pressure (VP) and blood flow of the pulmocutaneous artery (PCBF) in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, anaesthetized with urethane. Warming the spinal cord significantly increased VP from 28.4 +/- 2.5 to 37.2 +/- 3.5 mmHg (n = 8) and PCBF from 24.5 +/- 1.4 to 29.5 +/- 2.0 ml/min (n = 5). Spinal cord cooling significantly decreased VP from 29.3 +/- 2.5 to 24.0 +/- 1.9 mmHg (n = 6) and PCBF from 22.4 +/- 1.4 to 18.5 +/- 1.7 ml/min (n = 5). Although heart rate did not exhibit significant changes during thermal stimulation, changes in cardiac output were achieved by changes in VP, i.e. changes in stroke volume. Changes in VP were antagonized with propranolol, but not influenced by lower sympathectomy which eliminates the catecholamine release for the chromaffin tissue. Atropine significantly increased resting PCBF but failed to antagonize changes in PCBF. This shows that changes in PCBF during spinal cord thermal stimulation are not mediated by an active vasomotor mechanism, but result from changes in cardiac output. The present results show that changes in spinal cord temperature induce inotropic effects on the bullfrog heart through a beta-adrenergic mechanism of sympathetic nervous origin. PMID- 3489744 TI - Tumor stage mycosis fungoides in a patient treated with long-term corticosteroids for asthma and atopic-like dermatitis. AB - An association between atopy and the Sezary syndrome has been recognized in some patients. Our case represents an association between adult-onset asthma and atopic-like dermatitis, markedly elevated IgE levels, and the development of tumor stage mycosis fungoides (MF) in a patient receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. The chronic eczematous dermatitis may have represented evolving MF in which the specific diagnosis was delayed by treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids until advanced tumor stage disease. This case, in conjunction with prior reports, suggests that an atopic diathesis can be associated with both leukemic and nonleukemic forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 3489745 TI - The role of exercise testing in identifying patients with improved survival after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - To determine whether exercise testing can identify patients whose survival might be prolonged by coronary artery bypass surgery, the results of bypass surgery were compared with those of medical therapy alone in 5,303 nonrandomized patients from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry who underwent exercise testing. Patients in the two treatment groups differed substantially with regard to important baseline variables. Analysis of 32 variables by Cox's regression model for survival revealed an independent beneficial effect of bypass surgery on survival (p less than 0.00001). Patients were then stratified into subsets according to the results of exercise testing. Surgical benefit was greatest in the 789 patients who exhibited at least 1 mm of ST segment depression and who could exercise only into stage 1 or less. Among the 398 patients with three vessel coronary disease showing these characteristics, 7 year survival was 58% for the medical group and 81% for the surgical group (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in survival between the surgical and medical groups among the 1,545 patients without ischemic ST segment depression who were able to exercise into stage 3 or greater. Thus, in patients who demonstrate ischemia on exercise testing and whose exercise capacity is limited, coronary bypass surgery appears to improve survival in comparison with medical therapy alone. PMID- 3489743 TI - Evolution of the functional properties of pyruvate kinase isozymes: pyruvate kinase L from Rana pipiens. AB - The regulatory properties of type L pyruvate kinase from Rana pipiens are intermediate between those of the mammalian K and L isozymes. As with mammalian type L, the levels of the frog isozyme are affected by the animal's nutritional state. The mammalian and amphibian isozymes show similar sensitivities to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate activation and amino acid inhibition. By contrast, the frog L isozyme shares several properties of the K class: i.e. irreversible inactivation by oxidized glutathione and lack of response to a cyclic AMP stimulated phosphorylation. Furthermore, as for some mammalian K isozymes, frog type L shows a high PEP affinity and a low cooperativity of PEP binding. Insofar as the properties of this present day enzyme reflect those of its counterpart in the amphibian ancestor of higher vertebrates, our results suggest that at its first expression, the type L resembled the type K. Many important regulatory properties of the L isozyme, especially the sensitivity to phosphorylation, were acquired more recently perhaps in association with an increased importance of constant blood glucose. PMID- 3489746 TI - Regional myocardial metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction assessed by positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography has been shown to distinguish between reversible and irreversible ischemic tissue injury. Using this technique, 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied within 72 hours of onset of symptoms to evaluate regional blood flow and glucose metabolism with nitrogen (N)-13 ammonia and fluorine (F)-18 deoxyglucose, respectively. Serial noninvasive assessment of wall motion was performed to determine the prognostic value of metabolic indexes for functional tissue recovery. Segmental blood flow and glucose utilization were evaluated using a circumferential profile technique and compared with previously established semiquantitative criteria. Relative N-13 ammonia uptake was depressed in 32 left ventricular segments. Sixteen segments demonstrated a concordant decrease in flow and glucose metabolism. Regional function did not change over time in these segments. In contrast, 16 other segments with reduced blood flow revealed maintained F-18 deoxyglucose uptake consistent with remaining viable tissue. The average wall motion score improved significantly in these segments (p less than 0.01), yet the degree of recovery varied considerably among patients. Coronary anatomy was defined in 9 of 13 patients: patent infarct vessels supplied 8 of 10 segments with F-18 deoxyglucose uptake, while 10 of 13 segments in the territory of an occluded vessel showed concordant decreases in flow and metabolism (p less than 0.01). Thus, positron emission tomography reveals a high incidence of residual tissue viability in ventricular segments with reduced flow and impaired function during the subacute phase of myocardial infarction. Absence of residual tissue metabolism is associated with irreversible injury, while preservation of metabolic activity identifies segments with a variable outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489748 TI - Factors related to obesity in preschool children. AB - The purpose of this research was to examine the following variables for their relationship to the prevalence of preschool obesity: familial aggregation of obesity, infant feeding practices, socioeconomic status, and parents' attitudes toward the use of food for non-nutritive purposes. Parents completed a biographical data form. Height, weight, and skinfold measurements were obtained from 94 preschool children and their biological parents. Both parents answered a Child Feeding Opinion Questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated using percentile rankings from NHANES. On the assumption that subjects over the 75th percentile for triceps skinfold were overweight and those above the 90th percentile were obese, 23.4% and 7.5% of the children, 9.6% and 5.3% of the mothers, and 29.8% and 10.6% of the fathers were overweight or obese, respectively. Most parent-child anthropometric correlations were statistically significant. No statistically significant relationships were found between infant feeding practices and childhood obesity. Mothers' educational level varied inversely with the children's weight for height. Mothers and fathers opposed the use of food for reward, punishment, soothing, or affection. The parents' child feeding attitudes had no obvious relationship with the children's anthropometric measurements. PMID- 3489747 TI - Enhancement of salvage of reperfused ischemic myocardium by diltiazem. AB - Concomitant use of pharmacologic agents may be required for maximal salvage of ischemic myocardium by reperfusion. Accordingly, in dogs with induced thrombotic coronary occlusion, the effects of intravenous diltiazem given 30 minutes before administration of streptokinase on myocardial blood flow and myocardial salvage were evaluated. Two independent types of end points were employed. Positron emission tomography was utilized for noninvasive assessment of myocardial perfusion and infarct extent. Direct measurements included quantification of myocardial infarction by assay of creatine kinase activity in myocardial homogenates. Infarct extent averaged 27.9 +/- 11.4% of left ventricular weight in 10 control dogs in which coronary occlusion was maintained for 24 hours. In eight dogs given streptokinase alone, the infarct extent averaged 16.7 +/- 10.0% of left ventricular mass (p less than 0.05 versus control). In nine other dogs given diltiazem (15 micrograms/kg per min continuously until death was induced) beginning 30 minutes before streptokinase, infarct extent averaged 9.4 +/- 6.7% of left ventricular mass (p less than 0.05 compared with reperfusion alone). At the dose administered, diltiazem did not alter blood flow, heart rate or mean arterial pressure after coronary occlusion or thrombolysis. The region at risk, determined in 16 dogs from perfusion images obtained with positron tomography and oxygen-15-labeled water after coronary occlusion, was similar in the three groups (30.6 +/- 7.3% of the left ventricle in six control dogs, 31.8 +/- 4.5% in five dogs with reperfusion alone and 30.5 +/- 11.6% in five dogs with reperfusion plus diltiazem). Infarct size quantified in terms of the extent of myocardium exhibiting less than 50% of peak carbon-11-labeled palmitate uptake 24 hours after occlusion and expressed as the percent of the region at risk averaged 89.6 +/- 11.4% in control dogs, was significantly reduced to 45.1 +/- 29.8% in dogs with reperfusion alone and was reduced further to 22.3 +/- 16.4% in dogs given diltiazem and reperfusion. Thus, concomitant treatment with diltiazem markedly enhances salvage of reperfused myocardium after coronary thrombolysis. PMID- 3489749 TI - Nursing home-acquired pneumonia. A case-control study. AB - To determine if there are any unique features of nursing home-acquired pneumonia we carried out a case-control study wherein each patient admitted with nursing home-acquired pneumonia was age- and sex-matched with a patient with community acquired pneumonia. There were 36 men and 38 women in the nursing home group. The mean age of both groups was 74 years. The mortality rate for nursing home acquired pneumonia it was 40.5%, whereas for community-acquired pneumonia it was 28% (P = NS). Patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia had a significantly higher incidence of dementia and cerebrovascular accidents, and patients with community-acquired pneumonia were more likely to be smokers and to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aspiration pneumonia was more common among patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (P less than .001), and Hemophilus influenza pneumonia more common among the patients with community-acquired infection (P less than .01). Sputum for culture could be obtained in only 31 and 39% of the patients--contributory to the high rates of pneumonia of unknown etiology 63.5 and 56.1% for the nursing home group and the control subjects, respectively. Patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia received cloxacillin and aminoglycosides more frequently than patients with community-acquired pneumonia (P less than .05), and patients with community-acquired pneumonia received erythromycin more frequently than patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (P less than .05). Complications were common during the hospital stay of these patients--the most frequent being congestive heart failure, urinary tract infection, renal failure, and respiratory failure. PMID- 3489750 TI - Angiodysplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Clinical spectrum in 41 cases. AB - Over a 3-year period, arteriovenous malformations (angiodysplasia) were identified at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 41 patients. The lesions were multiple in one-third of patients and were predominantly situated in the proximal stomach. We considered angiodysplasia to be the cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 11 (27%) patients and of anemia in nine (22%) patients. In these two groups other mucosal lesions were not seen at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and there had been prior undiagnosed episodes of overt or occult bleeding in almost half. In 21 (51%) patients the lesions were judged to be incidental findings. Other medical conditions noted were the presence of an aortic systolic murmur (24%) and renal impairment (12%). Only three patients had mucocutaneous telangiectasia (two had Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome, and one had scleroderma with CRST syndrome). Specific treatment in 14 symptomatic patients included endoscopic electrocoagulation or injection sclerotherapy. In eight patients with adequate post-treatment surveillance, endoscopy demonstrated obliteration of the vascular lesions. PMID- 3489751 TI - Immunodominance in the T cell response to multiple non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens. III. Single histocompatibility antigens dominate the male antigen. AB - Immunization of mice with multiple non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens results in the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes that are specific for a limited number of immunodominant antigens. The experiments presented in this communication were designed to reveal immunodominance in pairwise combinations of autosomal and sex linked non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens. Priming and boosting responders with the male antigen, H-Y, paired with the H-4.2, H-7.1, or H-3.1 antigens, resulted in the generation of cytolytic T cells specific for the autosomal H antigens but not the H-Y antigen. Furthermore, co-immunization and boosting of C57BL/6 female responder spleen cells with BALB.B male cells resulted in the generation of cytolytic T cells specific for the BALB.B immunodominant antigens but not H-Y. No dominance was observed in H-4-plus H-7-incompatible combinations. Co-immunization of three different H-3 congenic strains with H-3.1 plus H-Y demonstrated that an efficient anti-H-3.1 T cell response is required for observing H-3.1 immunodominance over H-Y. Co-expression of H-3.1 and H-Y on the same priming and boosting cells was required for immunodominance. In fact, immunization with H-3.1 and H-Y presented on different cells resulted in normal generation of H-Y-specific cytolytic T cells, but no generation of H-3.1-specific cytolytic T cells resulted unless H-Y-specific cells were stimulated in the mixed lymphocyte cultures. These observations suggest that in vitro T cell responses to paired, non-H-2 H antigens may be independent, competitive, or synergistic, depending on the identity of the antigens and the priming and boosting conditions. PMID- 3489752 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to minor H-42a alloantigen in H-42b mice: clonal inactivation of the precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes by veto-like spleen cells that express the H-42a antigen. AB - When (B10.BR X CWB)F1 (BWF1; H-2k/b) mice carrying the H-42b allele at the minor H-42 locus were injected with H-42a C3H.SW (CSW; H-2b) or C3H (H-2k) spleen cells (SC), self-H-2Kb restricted anti-H-42a pCTL in the BWF1 recipients were primed and differentiated to anti-H-42a CTL after in vitro stimulation with (B10.BR X CSW)F1 (BSF1; H-2k/b, H-42b/a) SC. In contrast, anti-H-42a pCTL in H-42b mice were inactivated by injection with H-42-congenic H-42a SC, and stable anti-H-42a CTL tolerance was induced. Preference of H-2Kb restriction of anti-H-42a CTL was strict, and self-H-2Kb-restricted anti-H-42a CTL did not lyse target cells carrying H-42a antigen in the context of H-2Kbm1. Involvement of suppressor cells in the anti-H-42a CTL tolerance was ruled out by the present cell transfer study and the previous cell-mixing in vitro study. Notably, treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody (Ab) plus complement (C) wiped out the ability of CSW SC in the priming of anti-H-42a pCTL of BWF1 mice but left that of C3H SC unaffected, and injection of the anti-Thy-1.2 Ab plus C-treated CSW SC induced anti-H-42a CTL tolerance in the BWF1 recipients. Furthermore, H-42a/b, I-Ab/bm12 [CSW X B6.CH-2bm12 (bm12)]F1 SC could not prime anti-H-42a pCTL in H-42b, I-Ab (CWB X B6)F1 recipients, whereas H-42a/b, I-Ab (CSW X B6)F1 SC primed anti-H-42a pCTL in H-42b, I-Ab/bm12 (CWB X bm12)F1 recipients. The unresponsiveness of anti-H-42a pCTL in H-42b mice to H-42-congenic H-42a SC was sometimes corrected by immunization of H-42b female mice with H-42-congenic H-42a male SC. Taking all of the results together, we propose the following. Unresponsiveness of anti-H-42a pCTL in H-42b mice to H-42 congenic H-42a SC is caused by "veto cells" contained in the antigenic H-42a SC. Anti-H-42a pCTL in the H-42b recipients directly interacting with H-42-congenic H 42a SC, which bear H-42a antigen and H-2Kb restriction element, are inactivated or vetoed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489753 TI - Expression of MEL-14 antigen is not an absolute requirement for dissemination to lymph nodes after adoptive transfer of murine T lymphocyte clones. AB - The inability of established antigen-specific murine T lymphocyte clones to recirculate well in vivo has been attributed to loss of the surface glycoprotein gp90MEL-14, which is important for specific adherence to post-capillary high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes (LN). Defective recirculation of clones may contribute to inefficient adoptive immunotherapy when compared with fresh immune spleen or LN populations. To optimize models of adoptive immunotherapy, we sought to improve recirculation of Thy-1.2+, L3T4+ clones by inducing reexpression of MEL-14 antigen (gp90MEL-14). Clones were analyzed after treatment with differentiating agents, incubation in the presence or absence of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2), coincubation in vitro with nonirradiated Thy 1.1 LN or thymus cells, or adoptive transfer into Thy-1.1 hosts. We were unable to demonstrate induction of gp90MEL-14 in any case. However, although clones remained MEL-14 negative, they were able to disseminate widely after subcutaneous adoptive transfer in the presence of clone-specific antigen and rIL 2 into Thy 1.1 mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide. Withdrawal of exogenous rIL 2 was associated with rapid disappearance of clones from all sites. We conclude that murine T cell clones undergo a step in terminal differentiation that precludes surface expression of gp90MEL-14 and that these clones would be unlikely to provide a source of long-lived recirculating memory T lymphocytes. However, under appropriate circumstances it is possible for antigen-specific clones to disseminate widely among host LN and mediate short-term immune responses. PMID- 3489754 TI - B cell triggering properties of a nontoxic derivative of amphotericin B. AB - The immunomodulating properties of amphotericin B (AMB), an antifungal polyene antibiotic, have been reported in multiple studies. However, many findings on the subject are conflicting, and the precise mechanism of AMB action on the immune system is yet unknown. Because toxicity and limited solubility of AMB are likely to be responsible for these discrepancies, we synthesized a nontoxic derivative of AMB (AMBSH), and we investigated its immune modulating effects on murine B cells. Our results show that AMBSH induces a strong proliferative response under conditions where AMB is weakly efficient or toxic, and that AMBSH supports maturation to Ig secretion. When suboptimal doses of LPS (or BCGF) are present together with AMBSH, a synergistic effect on B cell proliferation occurs. Frequency analyses reveal that, although only a limited number of B cells respond to AMBSH alone, a large population of B cells will respond to subthreshold doses of LPS in the presence of this polyene. Finally, we show that incubation of spleen cells with AMBSH results in an increase in Ia expression. These results are discussed in terms of the membrane disorganizing properties of polyene antibiotics. PMID- 3489755 TI - Absence of polymorphism between HLA-B27 genomic exon sequences isolated from normal donors and ankylosing spondylitis patients. AB - Ninety percent of individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) express HLA-B27. To determine if HLA-B27 coding sequences from normal vs AS individuals show differences that might relate to the etiology of the disease, the gene coding for this allele was cloned from three different partial genomic libraries. These libraries were made with DNA from three different cell lines expressing HLA-B27: MRWC (HLA-B27, 14), obtained from an AS patient; KCA (HLA-B27, w44), obtained from a known normal individual; and MVL (HLA-B27, 27), a homozygous consanguineous cell line of unknown origin. To increase the number of clones coding for the HLA-B locus, partial libraries were made using a complete Eco RI digestion of genomic DNA in the lambda vector 607. The libraries were screened with two probes; one probe hybridizes to all HLA-A, B, C class I genes, and the other to a small subpopulation of class I genes, including the B locus. DNA from clones hybridizing with both probes was transfected into murine L cells. Cell surface expression of HLA-B27 on murine L cells was detected with a polymorphic monoclonal antibody (ME1) specific for HLA-B27, 7, 22. DNA from those clones positive for HLA-B27 by transfection was subcloned into the Xba I site of M13mp18 and the DNA sequence for exons 2 through 4 (encoding domains alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) was determined by the dideoxy technique by using synthetic oligonucleotide primers or the M13 primer. The resulting sequences show no difference between HLA-B27 alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3 domains from a known AS patient and a known normal individual. PMID- 3489756 TI - Detection of C-reactive protein, streptolysin O, and anti-streptolysin O antibodies in immune complexes isolated from the sera of patients with acute rheumatic fever. AB - Circulating immune complexes (IC) of 42 patients with acute rheumatic fever from Santiago, Chile, were studied. The complexes were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and were analyzed for antibodies, antigens, and C-reactive protein. We found the complexes to be enriched in antibody to streptolysin O, particularly in the group of patients with elevated levels of IC. IgM was the predominant class of Ig present in the complexes. Western blots from 12 patients to detect antigens in the complexes showed proteins of m.w. 50,000, 60,000, and 69,000, consistent with the polypeptides of streptolysin O. Such antigens were absent in the complexes from patients with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and pharyngitis. Eluted antibodies from these protein bands on the nitrocellulose sheets reacted with the streptolysin O in Western blots and neutralized the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O in a microhemolysin assay. In addition, isolated complexes from several sera showed the presence of C-reactive protein bound to complexes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that [125I]C-reactive protein was not precipitated by polyethylene glycol either alone or when added to monomeric IgG, whereas it precipitated significantly when added to aggregated IgG. The detectable C-reactive protein in isolated complexes and sera samples increased after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. These data suggest that circulating immune complexes in acute rheumatic fever contain streptolysin O and its antibody and raise interesting questions regarding the pathogenetic significance of C-reactive protein in the complexes. PMID- 3489757 TI - Suppression of development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis with isogeneic monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibody. AB - We have made use of isogeneic anti-idiotopic (anti-Id) monoclonal antibodies (mAb to modify experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in Lewis rats. High avidity anti-Id mAb HC-4A (Kd = 0.1 nM) and HC-29 (Kd = 0.1 nM) were produced against an anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) Lewis-rat mAb 132A (Kd = 0.34 nM) that is capable of inducing passive-transfer EAMG. mAb HC-4A and HC-29 define separate framework Id cross-reactive with anti-AChR mAb recognizing different AChR epitopes. Animals were preinjected i.p. with either anti-Id mAb or with control mAb and then were actively immunized 2 wk later with purified AChR. All animals had elevated total serum anti-AChR antibody titers, despite the absence of weakness or decremental electromyographic findings. Animals preinjected with control mAb developed serum anti-AChR titers of 1.34 +/- 0.29 microM (mean +/- SEM) and reduced muscle AChR content to 30 percent of normal. Animals injected with 0.5 mg/kg of either anti-Id had significantly lower serum anti-AChR titers, 0.55 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.05, and normal muscle AChR content. Both the 132A Id and the anti-Id complementary to 132A were detected in the serum of all of the animals preinjected with this dose of either anti-Id HC-29 or HC-4A, whereas both were detected in a much smaller percentage of the animals receiving control mAb. These results show that pretreatment with anti-Id not only perturbs this Id-anti Id network, but also suppresses the overall polyclonal anti-AChR response with resultant protection of actively immunized animals from EAMG. PMID- 3489759 TI - Effects of cyclosporine on responses of murine B cells to T cell-derived lymphokines. AB - Cyclosporine (CS) inhibits the stimulation of both T and B lymphocytes by certain agents, but not by others. Here we have studied the effects of the drug on the responses of murine B cells to T cell-derived B cell growth and differentiation factors. We show that activation of resting B cells by B cell-stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) is resistant to CS, whereas stimulation by anti-Ig antibodies is not, which is in agreement with earlier findings. Furthermore, B cell proliferation elicited by co-stimulation with anti-Ig plus BSF-1 remains drug susceptible. In contrast, the stimulation of large (presumably preactivated) B cells by B cell growth factor II to synthesize DNA or to secrete Ig is inhibited by low concentrations of CS. These results therefore contrast with earlier findings with human B cells, and with those using T cells from various species, which showed that the responses of preactivated cells to growth factors are resistant to the drug. It thus appears that in the mouse CS can affect all stages of B cell stimulation. PMID- 3489758 TI - T lymphocyte-dependent evolution of bacterial cell wall-induced hepatic granulomas. AB - Injection of streptococcal cell walls (SCW) i.p. into susceptible rats results in dissemination of SCW primarily to the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral joints. Within the liver, the SCW are phagocytized by the Kupffer cells, initiating a sequence of events leading to the formation of hepatic granulomas. The granulomas are characterized by large numbers of W3/13+, W3/25+ T lymphocytes and Ia+, esterase-positive macrophages. The generation of inflammatory mediators by these mononuclear cells appears to be central to the evolution of the granulomas and the subsequent fibrotic sequelae evoked by the SCW. In the absence of functional T lymphocytes (athymic rats), injection of SCW does not trigger lymphokine production, and organized granulomas do not develop in the livers. Furthermore, inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine synthesis pharmacologically by cyclosporin A administration in euthymic animals inhibits SCW-induced hepatic granuloma development. Although macrophage function is apparently not impaired as evidenced by IL 1 and PGE2 production, a chronic inflammatory response to SCW cannot be sustained in the absence of T lymphocyte participation. These studies provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to formation and maintenance of chronic granulomatous lesions. PMID- 3489762 TI - Inhibition of interleukin 1 activity by a factor in submandibular glands of rats. AB - With the sequential use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and chromatofocusing, we have partially purified from extracts of the submandibular glands of rats a factor (referred to as submandibular gland's immunosuppressive factor or SMG-ISF) capable of inhibiting the in vitro proliferation of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated murine lymphocytes. The semi-purified suppressor fractions had an isoelectric point of 4.4 to 4.5 and consisted of at least three molecular species. These active fractions suppressed the mitogenic effects of Concanavalin A phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide. In vitro immune reactions such as the mixed lymphocyte culture MLC reaction and the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) across major histocompatibility barriers in mice were also suppressed. These in vitro immunosuppressive effects required the addition of the suppressor fractions early after the initiation of the cultures and were reversed if the factor was removed from the cultures at least 48 to 72 hr before the completion of the assays. The active fractions did not affect the proliferation of CTLL 2 cells induced by interleukin 2 (IL 2), but inhibited the mitogenic and co-stimulatory effects of IL 1 on mouse thymocytes, and in this effect showed a dose-response relation suggestive of a competitive mechanism. These characteristics of SMG-ISF indicate a specific inhibition of the activity of IL 1. PMID- 3489761 TI - Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits immunostimulatory and inflammatory actions of interleukin 1. AB - The ability of interleukin 1 (IL 1) to augment the proliferation of murine thymocytes in vitro was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH). The minimal effective concentration of alpha MSH was 10(-11) M. Maximal effect occurred between 10(-8) and 10(-7) M, with diminishing effectiveness at higher concentrations. IL 1 induced production of prostaglandin E (PGE) by fibroblasts was also inhibited by alpha MSH with a biphasic dose response. The minimal effective concentration was 10(-11) M, and maximum effect was achieved at 10(-10) M. alpha MSH appeared to affect the interaction of IL 1 with its target cells in a specific manner, because it did not inhibit basal mitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation or IL 2 induced proliferation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte line. Furthermore, production of IL 1 by endotoxin-stimulated monocytes was not affected by alpha MSH. An analog of alpha MSH (Nle4, D-Phe7 alpha MSH), which is highly potent in other melanotropin-sensitive systems, did not affect the action of IL 1 on thymocytes, suggesting that the immunomodulatory effects of alpha MSH may not be mediated by the classic melanocyte alpha MSH receptor. The influence of alpha MSH on thymocytes and fibroblasts suggests that alpha MSH is an endogenous antagonist of IL 1, perhaps important for limiting inflammatory damage to host tissues. PMID- 3489760 TI - Growth regulation of the B lymphoma cell line WEHI-231 by anti-immunoglobulin, lipopolysaccharide, and other bacterial products. AB - The growth of WEHI-231, a murine immature B lymphoma cell line, was inhibited by anti-IgM antibodies. The inhibition of proliferation, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, occurred between 16 and 28 hr after addition of anti IgM. Moreover, the growth arrest was irreversible: cells that were cultured with anti-IgM for 18 hr and then recultured without it failed to recover the ability to proliferate, even though cells treated for up to 30 hr with anti-IgM remained viable, as measured by trypan blue exclusion. Three polyclonal B cell activators obtained from bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus, and gliding bacterial adjuvant from Cytophaga (GBA), were able to protect WEHI-231 cells from anti-IgM-induced growth arrest. The protection was transient, ending after approximately 56 hr. This transience was shown to be due to desensitization of the cells to the bacterial products. Interestingly, pretreatment of WEHI-231 cells with any of the bacterial products desensitized the cells to all of the bacterial products. The heterologous nature of this desensitization suggests that all three of these bacterial products may act through a common signaling pathway despite their diverse chemical natures. PMID- 3489763 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. I. Differential recovery of LAK, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes after a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide. AB - The effect of a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX) administered in vivo on murine natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was examined. It was found that such a dose of CTX abolished all of the killer cell responses examined. The recovery of each response was then examined as a function of time. Allogeneic CTL responses were the first to recover and could be generated from spleen cells obtained 6 days after CTX administration. Fresh NK cell activity recovered by days 9 to 12. However, when spleen cells obtained 12 days after CTX administration were cultured with interleukin 2 (IL 2) for 5 days, they lost the ability to lyse YAC 1 cells, suggesting a distinction between "augmented" and "fresh" NK cell activity. H-2-restricted, trinitrophenyl-specific CTL activity could be generated by day 14 after CTX, provided the cultures were supplemented with exogenous IL 2. LAK could not be induced until day 21 post-CTX treatment. These data suggest that LAK precursors, CTL precursors, and NK cells are distinct cell populations. Additionally, this report introduces a model that may be useful in examining the differential contribution of NK and LAK to successful adoptive tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 3489764 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of the stem cells for T cell lineage. AB - Stem cell activities of bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and fetal liver cells for T cell lineage were studied comparatively by transferring the cells from these organs through i.v. or intrathymus (i.t.) route into right leg- and tail-shielded (L-T-shielded) and 900 R-irradiated recipient mice, which were able to survive without supplying hemopoietic stem cells. Cells from B10.Thy-1.1 (H-2b, Thy-1.1) mice were serially diluted and were transferred into L-T-shielded and irradiated C57BL/6 (H-2b, Thy-1.2) mice, and 21 days later the thymus cells of recipient mice were assayed for Thy-1.1+ cells by flow cytofluorometry. The percentage of recipient mice possessing donor-type T cells was plotted against the number of cells transferred, and the stem cell activity in each cell source was expressed as the 50% positive value, the number of donor cells required for generating donor-type T cells in the thymuses of 50% of recipient mice. In i.v. transfer experiments, the activity of bone marrow cells was similar to that of fetal liver cells, and about 100 times and nearly 1000 times higher than those of spleen cells and thymus cells, respectively. In i.t. transfer experiments, the number of cells required for generating donor-type T cells was much lower than that in i.v. transfer experiments, although the ratio in 50% positive values between i.v. and i.t. transfers differed among cell sources. In i.t. transfers, the 50% positive value of bone marrow cells was five times, 400 times, and 500 times higher than that of fetal liver cells, spleen cells, and thymus cells, respectively. Our previous finding that stem cells are enriched in the spleens of mice which were whole body-irradiated and marrow-reconstituted 7 days earlier was confirmed also by the present limiting dilution assay carried out in i.v. as well as i.t. transfers. PMID- 3489765 TI - The use of tunicamycin to study the role of cell surface oligosaccharides in lymphocyte recognition. AB - Cell surface N-linked sugars may play a role in target cell recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We have studied this role by treating tumor cell targets with tunicamycin, an effective inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation in mammalian cells. We determined a tunicamycin treatment protocol in which glycosylation was blocked and in which target cell killing by 5-day primary mixed lymphocyte reaction CTL was inhibited, yet in which cell viability was high and expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules was normal. It was found that tunicamycin-treated cells were killed only about one-half as well as untreated targets and that tunicamycin-treated target cells were less effective than untreated target cells as cold target competitors in cold target competition experiments. These observations suggest that for optimal killing, CTL require an interaction with the target cell that involves N-linked glycans on the target cell surface. PMID- 3489766 TI - The influence of T lymphocyte subsets and humoral factors on colony formation by human bone marrow and blood megakaryocyte progenitor cells in vitro. AB - Cellular and humoral influences of T lymphocytes on human megakaryocyte colony formation in vitro were assessed by using a microagar system. Megakaryocyte colony formation from nonadherent low density T lymphocyte-depleted (NALDT-) bone marrow cells was increased significantly after the addition of aplastic anemia serum (AAS) or purified megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF). The addition of conditioned medium obtained from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocytes replaced, at least partially, the requirement for AAS or purified Meg CSF for the growth of megakaryocyte colonies. The cellular influence of T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets on megakaryocyte colony formation was assessed by removing either T cells from nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells with monoclonal OKT4, OKT8, or OKT3 antibodies plus complement, or by adding back populations of bone marrow or blood T4+ or T8+ lymphocytes, isolated by means of fluorescence-activated cell sorting, respectively, to NALDT--bone marrow or -blood cells. When sorted T cell subpopulations were added to a fixed number of NALDT--bone marrow or -peripheral blood cells in the presence of AAS or Meg-CSF, T4+ cells enhanced megakaryocyte colony formation and T8+ cells decreased it. These studies demonstrate that although the stimulation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells by Meg-CSF may not require the presence of monocytes or T lymphocytes, T4+ lymphocytes enhance and T8+ lymphocytes down regulate megakaryocyte colony formation induced by Meg-CSF. These observations suggest that the immune system is capable of modulating the proliferative response of human megakaryocytic progenitor cells to Meg-CSF. PMID- 3489767 TI - A model for the selective loss of major histocompatibility complex self restricted T cell immune responses during the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Functional analyses of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from high risk HTLV-III antibody-negative and antibody-positive donors, as well as from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), and AIDS-related complex (ARC) were performed by the in vitro generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and proliferative responses to the HLA self-restricted antigens of influenza virus (S + X) and to nonself restricted HLA alloantigens (ALLO). All 40 antibody-negative donors tested responded to both S + X and ALLO in the CTL response, whereas six of 14 antibody-positive, two of three LAS, four of five ARC, and seven of 17 AIDS patients exhibited a selective absence of CTL to S + X, but generated normal or elevated CTL responses to ALLO. Of the remaining 10 AIDS patients, nine did not respond to either S + X or ALLO, and one responded to both S + X and ALLO. A similar selective loss of the proliferative response to S + X was found. We also observed antibody-positive donors who initially generated CTL responses to S + X and ALLO, but lost the S + X response as a function of time. We were able to restore the selective loss of S + X CTL activity in vitro by the addition of IL 2 and, to some extent, by co-stimulation with S + X plus ALLO. Depletion of CD4+ T helper cells and removal of autologous antigen-presenting cells from the PBL of healthy antibody-negative donors indicated that distinct T helper cell subsets exist in human PBL, and that S + X responses must use a CD4+ T helper population, whereas ALLO responses can utilize an alternate CD4- T helper pathway. A model is presented indicating the selective depletion of CD4+ T helper function in the developmental stages of AIDS. The functional test for T helper activity to self restricted antigens may be the earliest indicator of immune functional loss in the development of AIDS, and may precede a reduction in the absolute number of CD4+ cells. PMID- 3489768 TI - FcR epsilon+ lymphocytes and regulation of the IgE antibody system. V. Preliminary physicochemical characterization of the T cell-selective IgE-induced regulant EIRT. AB - We previously showed that murine lymphoid cells exposed to elevated levels of IgE exhibit the de novo expression of Fc receptors for IgE (FcR epsilon), and the production of soluble mediators, which we have termed IgE-induced regulants (EIR). Described herein is the preliminary physicochemical characterization of one such regulant, that being the EIR responsible for the Lyt-2+ T cell-dependent expression of FcR epsilon and secretion of an IgE-binding factor (IgE-BF) which can potentiate IgE synthesis; the former activity has been denoted EIRT for its selectivity of action on T cells, and the latter activity has been termed enhancing effector molecule (EEM) for its presumed potentiating influence on IgE antibody synthesis. Characterized in parallel was the conventional lymphoid cell derived cEIRT and a murine monoclonal T cell hybridoma-(MBI-2)-derived mcEIRT. EIRT from either source was shown to exhibit the characteristics of a protein with a molecular mass of 45 to 60 kd. Once enriched by gel filtration, neither cEIRT nor mcEIRT preparations displayed any other EIR-like activity except that of EIRT, as evidenced by the ability of these preparations to act selectively to induce the Lyt-2 T cell-dependent expression of FcR epsilon and the production of EEM, the lack of detectable SFA activity that could induce Lyt-1+ T cells to produce the IgE-BF denoted suppressive effector molecule (SEM), and the lack of detectable levels of the B cell-selective EIRB, as indicated by the incapacity of either preparation to induce B cell FcR epsilon expression. Neither cEIRT nor mcEIRT displayed IgE-binding affinity, in contrast to the EEM produced in response to stimulation with these regulants. The only EIR-like activity detected in the unfractionated supernatant fluid from cultures of the monoclonal T cell hybridoma MBI-2 was that of EIRT. Careful in vitro analysis established that such preparations did not contain enhancing factor of allergy (EFA), SFA, EIRB, or IgE BF. Thus, the enhancement of IgE synthesis observed in animals given this mcEIRT preparation was most likely due to the activity of EIRT known to be present. During the course of these studies, clues as to the physicochemical nature of other EIR activities was obtained. Thus, upon molecular sieve analysis, two distinct molecular mass species of EIRB (one 15 to 20 kd and the other 30 to 35 kd) were demonstrated to be present in conventional lymphocyte-derived cEIR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489770 TI - Biosynthetic intermediates of HLA class II antigens from B lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Detergent extracts of B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) were subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography and gel filtration to purify HLA class II antigens. Class II antigens purified from B-LCL cultured for 24 hr in 10 microM monensin, in which glycoproteins are trapped in transit through the Golgi apparatus, exist in a large macromolecular complex composed of the alpha- and beta-subunits of class II molecules associated with the invariant (I) chain and a sulfated macromolecule that appears to be a proteoglycan. Gel filtration experiments on Sephacryl S-300 reveal that the complex has a Stokes radius corresponding to a globular protein of approximately 270,000 m.w. Analysis of radiolabeled preparations by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis suggests that the complex contains the alpha-, the beta-, and I chain subunits in a 1:1:1 ratio. Dissociation of the protein components followed by gel filtration of the proteoglycan indicates that the proteoglycan contributes approximately 180,000 m.w. to the complex. These results suggest that the complex contains one copy each of the alpha-, the beta-, and the I subunits associated with a proteoglycan molecule. This complex appears to represent a biosynthetic intermediate in the expression of class II molecules which is induced to accumulate intracellularly by monensin treatment of B-LCL. PMID- 3489769 TI - Cytolytic and biochemical properties of cytoplasmic granules of murine lymphokine activated killer cells. AB - The incubation of murine spleen cells in the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL 2) gives rise to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells capable of lysing fresh tumor cells in short-term lytic assays. During the course of cultures used to generate LAK cells, cytoplasmic granules were prepared and were analyzed for the presence of the cytolysin previously described in large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Such cytolysin activity is initially undetectable, appears after 2 days of culture, and continues to increase until day 7. The LAK cytolysin has properties similar to those of previously described cytolysins with respect to nonspecific killing of various target cells, rapid kinetics, and absolute dependence on calcium. Antibodies raised against purified LGL tumor granules neutralized the activity of the LAK cytolysin. The precursors of both the LAK cells and the cells bearing the cytolysin are eliminated by treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 and complement, strongly suggesting that the actual LAK effector cells and the cytolysin-bearing cells are identical. Biochemical analysis of the LAK granules indicate that they contain the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase. The protein content of granules isolated from various days of culture with r-IL 2 undergoes a dramatic change, with major protein bands around 30,000 daltons becoming prominent, as well as the cytolysin protein band at 70,000 daltons. These data suggest that the mechanism of cell lysis by LAK cells is similar to that of CTL and natural killer-mediated lysis, and each of these forms of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis is based on a granule exocytosis mechanism. PMID- 3489771 TI - The mitogenic activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB): a monovalent T cell mitogen that stimulates cytolytic T lymphocytes but cannot mediate their lytic interaction. AB - Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a monovalent T cell mitogen and inducer of T suppressor cells, was found to be a potent polyclonal activator of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) effective against concanavalin A (Con A)-treated target cells. In addition to polyclonal stimulation of CTL, SEB could reactivate "memory" CTL, alloimmunized 60 to 90 days earlier, into "secondary" CTL detectable as early as 24 hr after onset of stimulation and specific for the original priming target cells. Optimal cytolytic activity was induced at 0.5 to 10 micrograms/ml SEB; optimal priming time was 3 days, correlating well with the proliferative activity and morphologic transformation of small lymphocytes into large T lymphoblasts. Long-term cultures of splenocytes, stimulated by SEB, continued to express high cytolytic activity. It is noteworthy that although SEB and Con A are comparable CTL inducers, SEB, unlike Con A, is an ineffective mediator of nonspecific, CTL/target cell interactions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first example of a CTL inducer unable to mediate CTL-target interaction and lysis. The latter observations suggests that different receptors are involved in CTL activation and in CTL-target interaction resulting in lysis. PMID- 3489772 TI - Antigen-specific Lyt-2+ cytolytic T lymphocytes from mice infected with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. AB - In vitro expanded T cell lines were used to determine whether antigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes are generated after infection with the intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. Spleen cells from infected mice were cultured in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells, listerial antigen, and interleukin 2 containing supernatants. Cell lines were greater than 98% Thy-1+, L3T4-, Lyt 2+. Bone-marrow macrophages were used as target cells in two in vitro cytolytic assay systems. The Lyt-2+ T cells killed bone marrow macrophages only when infected with L. monocytogenes as assessed in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay and in an 18-hr neutral red uptake assay. Cytolysis was blocked by anti-LFA-1 and anti-Lyt 2 monoclonal antibodies. These cytolytic T cells produced interferon-gamma after co-stimulation with antigen, accessory cells, and recombinant interleukin 2. Bone marrow macrophages infected with Mycobacterium bovis were not killed by T cells from L. monocytogenes-infected mice but by T cell lines from M. bovis-infected mice, indicating that cytolysis was antigen specific. L. monocytogenes-infected target cells of different haplotype were lysed by the Lyt-2+ T cells. By using a low cell density split culture system, antigen-specific, H-2-restricted cytolytic T cells could be identified. These findings demonstrate that during infection with intracellular bacteria, Lyt-2+ T cells with cytolytic activity are generated that may be involved in antibacterial protection. PMID- 3489773 TI - Interleukin inhibition by a parasite proteinase inhibitor, taeniaestatin. AB - A proteinase inhibitor, taeniaestatin, isolated from the larval stage of the cestode Taenia taeniaeformis inhibits endogenous IL 2 generation in murine lymphocytes and IL 1 induced proliferation of murine thymocytes in a dose dependent manner. However, taeniaestatin does not inhibit exogenous IL 2-induced proliferation of an IL 2-dependent cell line at any dose tested. These data indicate that the lack of IL 2 generation may be due in part to inhibition of a crucial cell-associated proteinase subsequent to cellular activation, or the lack of an effective IL 2 signal for differentiation. Our results are novel findings concerning molecular pathways for parasite inhibition of host immune responses, and suggest that selected proteinase inhibitors may be useful in clinical situations in which IL 1 or IL 2 are elevated. PMID- 3489774 TI - Human oncogene-transfected tumor cells display differential susceptibility to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) and natural killer cells. AB - NIH 3T3 tertiary transfectants containing the N-ras or c-Ha-ras oncogenes derived from human tumors were tested for susceptibility to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell and natural killer (NK) cell lysis. N-ras tertiary transfectants contained a human acute lymphocytic leukemia-derived N-ras oncogene. C-Ha-ras transfectants contained either the position 61-activated form of the oncogene (45.342, 45.322, and 45.3B2) or the position 12-activated form (144-162). In 4 hr 51Cr release assays, seven of seven in vivo grown human oncogene transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were lysed by murine LAK effectors, whereas six of seven were lysed by human LAK effectors. There was no difference in susceptibility to lysis between cells transfected with the N-ras oncogene, the position 61 activated c-Ha ras oncogene, or the position 12 activated c-Ha-ras oncogene. Cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, as well as in vitro and in vivo grown NIH 3T3 tertiary transfectants were resistant to lysis by murine NK effectors and were relatively resistant (4/6 were not lysed) to lysis by human NK effectors. We conclude that human oncogene transfected tumors are susceptible to lysis by both murine and human LAK cells while being relatively resistant to lysis by murine and human NK cells. Different oncogenes or the same oncogene activated by different point mutations do not specifically determine susceptibility to lysis by LAK or NK. Also the presence of an activated oncogene does not appear to be sufficient for inducing susceptibility to these cytotoxic lymphocyte populations. PMID- 3489775 TI - Natural killer cells: definition of a cell type rather than a function. PMID- 3489776 TI - Characterization of an Lyt-2+ alloreactive cytotoxic T cell clone specific for H 2Db that cross-reacts with I-Ek. AB - An alloreactive cytotoxic T cell clone (433) possessing the L3T4-, Lyt-2+ phenotype is described that shows a double specificity. It has been derived from unprimed BALB/c (H-2d) spleen cells by repetitive in vitro restimulation with C57BL/6(H-2b) cells. The specificity of clone 433 was determined in cytotoxicity and proliferation experiments. One specificity was for the class I antigen H-2Db and the second was for the class II antigen I-Ek. Inhibition of cytotoxicity with monoclonal antibodies confirmed these results. Cold target competition experiments demonstrated that the two specificities were mediated by the same cell population. Anti-Lyt-2 antibodies inhibited only the H-2Db- but not the I-Ek specific lysis, suggesting a higher affinity of the antigen receptor for I-Ek than for Db. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a T cell clone that is specific for a class I antigen and cross-reacts heteroclitically with a class II antigen. PMID- 3489777 TI - Peritoneal macrophages exposed to purified macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) suppress mitogen- and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The effect of M-CSF-exposed macrophages on murine splenic lymphocyte responses was determined. Resident peritoneal macrophages incubated with purified M-CSF for 48 hr inhibited lymphocyte proliferation to Con A, PHA, and listerial antigen as determined by [3H]TdR uptake, and inhibited Con A-stimulated lymphocyte IL 2 production. The inhibition was similar to that observed with macrophages from BCG infected mice. Maximal suppression occurred at M-CSF concentrations of 500 U/ml or greater and when the incubation time with M-CSF was 48 hr or more. M-CSF effect was specific because rabbit anti-M-CSF IgG blocked the suppression whereas control rabbit IgG did not. Secretory products of macrophages could not be implicated in this interaction. Catalase and indomethacin, alone or together, did not reverse the inhibition. In addition, putative suppressive factors were not detected in supernatants of M-CSF-stimulated macrophages. Lymphocytes that were removed from macrophage monolayers and were recultured in medium plus Con A were able to proliferate. Macrophages stimulated by M-CSF therefore appear to have inhibitory activity for proliferating lymphocytes, and may play a role in immunoregulatory mechanisms. PMID- 3489778 TI - Polyclonal B cell activation by a B cell differentiation factor, B151-TRF2. II. Evidence for interaction of B151-TRF2 with glycoprotein on B cell membrane via recognition of terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue(s). AB - We investigated the role of carbohydrates in the interaction of a B cell differentiation factor designated as B151-TRF2 derived from B151K12 T cell hybridoma with the corresponding receptor on B cells. Induction of polyclonal differentiation of unprimed B cells into IgM-secreting cells by B151-TRF2 was specifically inhibited by addition of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) but not by structurally unrelated monosaccharides such as D-galactose, D-glucose, and N acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). Absorption of B151-TRF2 activity with spleen cells was specifically inhibited by the presence of GlcNAc. These results indicate that GlcNAc residues are involved in the interaction of B151-TRF2 with the receptor on B cells. To gain insight into mechanism by which GlcNAc inhibits B151-TRF2-mediated B cell responses, the existence of GlcNAc residues was examined on the B151-TRF2 molecule and the corresponding receptor on the B cell surface. The results revealed that B151-TRF2 molecule was not bound to various lectin-coupled agarose beads so far tested, suggesting absence of carbohydrate moieties on the B151-TRF2 molecule. By contrast, pretreatment of spleen cells with trypsin or glycosidase mixture abolished their ability to absorb B151-TRF2 activity. Moreover, B151-TRF2-absorbing ability of spleen cells disappeared by the pretreatment with beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, which cleaves terminal GlcNAc. The fact that pnitrophenyl (PNP)-GlcNAc specifically inhibited such enzyme activity on target cells indicates that terminal GlcNAc on the B cell surface plays a crucial role in the interaction with B151-TRF2 molecule. Interestingly, it was also found that B151-TRF2 activity was trapped and eluted from GlcNAc-coupled agarose beads. Taken collectively, these results strongly suggest that B cell membrane receptors for B151-TRF2 comprise glycoproteins with a terminal GlcNAc residue(s), and that binding of B151-TRF2 with terminal GlcNAc on the receptor is important for the subsequent activation of B cells. PMID- 3489779 TI - Production of BSF-1 during an in vivo, T-dependent immune response. AB - BSF-1, a cytokine produced by some T lymphocyte tumors, has been shown to act with anti-Ig antibodies to stimulate B lymphocyte proliferation, to independently induce resting B lymphocytes to increase their expression of surface Ia antigen, and to induce some activated B lymphocytes to differentiate into IgG1- or IgE secreting cells. To determine whether BSF-1 might be secreted by normal lymphoid cells in the course of a physiologic immune response, BALB/c mice were injected with an affinity-purified goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM delta), which induces the generation of a large, polyclonal T-dependent IgG1 response; 4-hr culture supernatants of spleen cells from these mice were prepared, and these supernatants were assayed for BSF-1 activity by analyzing their ability to induce BALB/c nu/nu spleen cells to increase their expression of cell surface Ia in vitro. Culture supernatants of unfractionated spleen cells removed from mice 4 to 8 days after GaM delta antibody injection induced substantial increases in B lymphocyte surface Ia expression; these increases were blocked by a monoclonal anti-BSF-1 antibody. Culture supernatants of spleen cells from untreated BALB/c mice or from untreated or GaM delta antibody-treated BALB/c nu/nu mice induced small to moderate increases in B cell surface Ia expression, and GaM delta antibody itself induced large increases in B cell surface Ia expression; however, these increases were not significantly blocked by a monoclonal anti-BSF-1 antibody. A culture supernatant of T cell-enriched spleen cells from untreated mice induced small increases in B cell surface Ia expression that were inhibited by anti-BSF-1 antibody, as was the larger increase in B cell Ia expression induced by a culture supernatant of T cell-enriched spleen cells from mice sacrificed 3 days after GaM delta injection. On the other hand, T cell-depleted spleen cells from BALB/c mice injected with GaM delta antibody 7 days before sacrifice failed to generate culture supernatants with BSF-1 activity. Supernatants prepared from spleen cells taken from untreated mice or mice treated with GaM delta antibody 1 to 3 days before sacrifice did not block the ability of purified BSF-1 to induce an increase in B cell surface Ia expression, and thus did not contain inhibitors of BSF-1 activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489780 TI - Protection against experimental toxoplasmosis by adoptive immunotherapy. AB - The role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity against toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected guinea pigs was examined by using a syngeneic passive transfer system. Serum or spleen and lymph node cells from guinea pigs immune to infection with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii conferred partial protection against symptomatic disease in recipient guinea pigs. This result was based on the reduced dissemination or growth of T. gondii parasites from the primary inoculation site to various selected organ sites of the recipients of immune serum or cells. Similar levels of partial protection against disseminated toxoplasmosis occurred in animals infused with cell suspensions enriched for immune T cells, whereas treatment of immune cells with a monoclonal anti-guinea pig T cell antibody plus complement abolished their ability to transfer resistance. These findings provide substantial direct evidence implicating both cellular and humoral components of the immune response as important effector mechanisms in host resistance to toxoplasmosis. PMID- 3489782 TI - A unique antigen on mature B cells defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A novel 42,000 dalton antigen (MB-1) expressed by mature human B cells in blood and tonsil was identified and characterized by utilizing a hybridoma monoclonal antibody. A comparison of MB-1 with other known B cell antigens suggests that the MB-1 antigen has not been previously identified. From one-and two-color immunofluorescence studies, it appears that the MB-1 antigen is found on all normal immunoglobulin (Ig)-expressing cells, but not on T cells, thymocytes, granulocytes, or platelets. Studies of malignant B cell tumors reveal that the antigen is expressed by virtually all Ig-expressing B cell tumors but only 10% of SIg- B-lineage leukemias. Data from these studies suggest that the MB-1 antigen is expressed late in B cell ontogeny before the expression of SIg. PMID- 3489781 TI - Murine natural killer cells do not express functional transcripts of the alpha-, beta-, or gamma-chain genes of the T cell receptor. AB - Murine natural killer (NK) cells were purified by sorting with the NK cell specific monoclonal antibody anti-NK-1.1. Sorted NK-1.1+ cells contained all splenic NK activity and could be propagated in human recombinant IL 2 for 3 to 4 wk. Short-term cultured NK-1.1+ cells maintained the cell-surface phenotype, morphologic appearance, and lytic activity characteristic of freshly isolated splenic NK cells. RNA extracted from this purified and propagated population of NK cells was probed for T cell receptor gene transcripts by Northern blot analysis. No functional transcripts of the alpha-, beta-, or gamma-chain genes of the T cell receptor were detected. These data dissociate NK cells from mature cytotoxic T cells, as well as the earliest identifiable cells committed to the T lineage. PMID- 3489783 TI - Immunization of DBA/2 mice with a T cell hybridoma-derived TsF increases immune resistance to the syngeneic tumors P815 and L1210. AB - The ability of a tumor-specific T suppressor factor (TsF) isolated from a T cell hybridoma, A10, to act as an immunogen in DBA/2 mice was investigated. The TsF was affinity purified from ascites over an immunoadsorbent column containing a monoclonal antibody (B16G) that has specificity for the TsF molecule, or over columns containing membrane extracts of the P815 mastocytoma (the tumor for which A10 is specific). The specificity control was BW5147 (the fusion partner for A10) membrane extracts treated in the same way as A10. DBA/2 mice were immunized with the affinity-purified material or PBS and were subsequently challenged with either the P815 tumor or the L1210 DBA/2 thymoma. When mice were immunized with material affinity purified over B16G, eluted material from both A10 ascites and BW5147 membrane extracts enhanced resistance to both P815 and L1210 challenge, indicating that B16G was binding immunogenic material derived from both preparations, which exerted a tumor-protective effect. However, when a P815 affinity column was used, protective material was eluted only from A10 ascites, and this bestowed resistance to both P815 and L1210. When irradiated whole cells were used as immunogens, only A10 cells stimulated anti-tumor immunity, and this appeared to be directed specifically to the P815 tumor. The implications of these findings in terms of the potential for immune modulation with anti-suppressor therapy, and the specificity of the B16G monoclonal, are discussed. The demonstration of B16G binding material (TsF) in the membranes (but not the ascites) of the BW5147 line is also of significance to investigators using BW5147 fused suppressor hybridomas. PMID- 3489784 TI - Stepwise immunologic selection of antigenic variants during tumor growth. AB - Using tumor-specific effector cells as probes, we have studied the immunologic changes that occur in tumor cells during continuous growth in a host. As a model, we used a highly immunogenic ultraviolet light (UV)-induced tumor that is rejected regularly by normal mice but grows progressively when transplanted into UV-irradiated mice. The immunogenic tumor growing continuously in these partially immunocompromised mice gave rise to genetically stable progressor variants that were poorly immunogenic. A sequence of changes in susceptibility to activated macrophages and tumor-specific cytolytic T cells was observed when serial reisolates from the continuously growing tumors were analyzed. First, the tumor cells developed resistance to the cytocidal effects of activated macrophages. This was followed by the loss of one and then a second tumor-specific antigen defined by syngeneic cytolytic T cells. The phenotypes of the developing antigen loss variants and their sequence of appearance were the same in several independent experiments, and the process was apparently determined by a hierarchy of the host's immune response to multiple independent tumor-specific antigens expressed by a single malignant cell. Our ability to generate the predicted variants in vitro before they actually appear in vivo suggests a possible approach to preventing the outgrowth of such immunoselected variants from a tumor. PMID- 3489785 TI - T-cell subsets: effects of cryopreservation, paraformaldehyde fixation, incubation regime and choice of fluorescein-conjugated anti-mouse IgG on the percentage positive cells stained with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The percentages of positive lymphocytes stained with OKT3 (total), OKT4 (helper/inducer) or OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) monoclonal antibodies have been determined in normal individuals. Under a variety of experimental conditions, the results were found to be unaffected by cryopreservation, paraformaldehyde fixation or incubation regime. In contrast, the results were affected, both quantitatively and qualitatively, by the choice of fluorescein-conjugated anti mouse IgG as the second step reagent. PMID- 3489786 TI - Estimation of variability in the assay of human interleukin-1. AB - The variability in measurements of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) responsiveness of human monocyte (M phi)-depleted mononuclear cells (MDC) and in IL-1 production of human M phi has been estimated. Subjects were grouped so that inter- and intra donor biological variability were evaluated, as well as day-to-day and basic intrinsic test-to-test methodological variability. IL-1 responsiveness was measured by the co-mitogenic effect of unstimulated and LPS-stimulated IL-1 standards on the PHA-induced proliferation of MDC. IL-1 production was measured by the enhancing effect of unstimulated and LPS-stimulated M phi-culture supernatants on PHA-stimulated allogeneic MDC. The variability of the IL-1 responsiveness of MDC was influenced mainly by biological factors, and this variability was effectively reduced by calculating the difference between the response of unstimulated and stimulated cultures, or by using cryopreserved MDC originating from a single stock of cells. In contrast, IL-1 production from both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated M phi was subjected to less biological and methodological variability, and this variability was not reduced by the above mentioned procedures. The results indicate that when assaying IL-1 production in clinical investigations involving longitudinal or comparative studies, a test system consisting of cryopreserved MDC from one stock of cells should be used. Alternatively the difference between the IL-1 activity from unstimulated and LPS stimulated cultures should be calculated, since these procedures enhance the reproducibility of the measurements. PMID- 3489787 TI - Angiotensin II suppression of human mononuclear cell reactivity is associated with enhanced OKT8+ lymphocyte thymidine incorporation. AB - Recent evidence suggests that angiotensin II may participate in the regulation of inflammation. We previously reported that angiotensin II inhibits human peripheral blood mononuclear cell reactivity and acts directly on lymphocytes. These observations are again confirmed. In addition, purified OKT8+ but not OKT4+ T cell suspensions stimulated with phytohemagglutinin revealed increased thymidine incorporation when simultaneously cultured for 48 hours with angiotensin II. These findings suggest that angiotensin II may inhibit mononuclear cell thymidine uptake through stimulation of suppressor lymphocytes contained within the OKT8+ subpopulation. PMID- 3489788 TI - A comparison of the effectiveness of cyclosporine A, D, and G in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats. AB - Cyclosporine A (CsA), one compound in the family of cyclosporines, has effectively modulated the course of S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Cyclosporines G (CsG) and D (CsD), related to CsA in structure, were evaluated in their ability to prevent or modulate EAU in Lewis rats. 10 mg/kg/day IM of CsA effectively prevented the expression of EAU when therapy began on the day of immunization, while the same dosage of CsG prevented EAU in 81% of animals, and CsD only in 33%. Higher concentrations of CsG (40 mg/kg/day) did effectively block manifestations of the disease. Topical administration of CsG did not prevent the expression of disease but local protection was seen when the 500 micrograms CsG was placed intracamerally into only one eye. The in vitro comparison of these cyclosporines' capacity to alter proliferation and IL-2 release of a rat T-cell line capable of inducing EAU showed marked differences. CsA appeared to be most effective at abrogating these cellular functions at all concentrations tested, while CsD was least effective. CsG, however, approached the effectiveness of CsA. CsG is felt to be markedly less nephrotoxic than CsA, the secondary effect that is most commonly encountered, and could potentially be useful in the treatment of human intra-ocular inflammatory disease. PMID- 3489789 TI - Relapsing peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis due to Corynebacterium aquaticum. AB - Corynebacterium aquaticum was the cause of peritonitis in a 33-year-old diabetic woman on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This case represents the first reported instance of CAPD peritonitis due to this organism. Moreover, the organism was recovered from fibrin clots removed from dialysate bags when the patient was on antibiotic therapy. Routine cultural methods failed to reveal the organism at that time. The organism is described and key points differentiating it from similar organisms are emphasised. The world literature on C. aquaticum infections is reviewed. PMID- 3489790 TI - Candida endophthalmitis: a complication of prolonged intravenous therapy and antibiotic treatment. AB - Four patients with candida endophthalmitis are discussed; three had received prolonged intravenous therapy as well as multiple and varied courses of antibiotics for underlying gastro-intestinal disease; one was an intravenous drug abuser. The visual acuity improved dramatically in two of the five affected eyes but in the remaining three eyes remained at 6/60 or less. Visual prognosis is directly related to early diagnosis and treatment, which should include pars plana vitrectomy and systemic antifungal therapy. PMID- 3489791 TI - Ten years' experience of Haemophilus influenzae infection at Birmingham Children's Hospital. AB - A survey of serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae, in the years 1973 1984, was made at the Birmingham Children's Hospital. Eight-three cases were recorded, comprising 42 of meningitis, 18 of septicaemia, 16 of epiglottitis and seven of septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. The mortality rate for meningitis and septicaemia was 5%, but no child with epiglottitis or septic arthritis died. The data are compared with those of American studies. The incidence of severe haemophilus infection in the inner city area of Birmingham was estimated to be at least 1 in 950 children during the period of the study. PMID- 3489792 TI - Langerhans cell density in epithelial skin tumors correlates with epithelial differentiation but not with the peritumoral infiltrate. AB - We investigated the intraepithelial density of Langerhans cells in 17 epithelial skin tumors by immunohistologic and morphometric methods. There was a significant difference between seborrheic keratosis (Langerhans cell density 431 +/- 31/mm2; normal epidermis: 378 +/- 20/mm2), basal cell carcinoma (28 +/- 6/mm2), and squamous cell carcinoma (100 +/- 21/mm2). No correlation was found between the Langerhans cell density and the number of intraepithelial T lymphocytes or the extent of the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate. A significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between mean nuclear area of the epithelial tissue and the Langerhans cell density (r = -0.7; p less than 0.05). These data indicate that the number of Langerhans cells does not influence the extent of the antitumoral immune response. The correlation with the level of epithelial differentiation may be due to different homing conditions. PMID- 3489793 TI - [Aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery to completely occluded coronary arteries]. PMID- 3489794 TI - Relationship of mouse natural killer cells to mouse natural cytotoxic cells: effector cells and possible mechanism of action. PMID- 3489795 TI - Human natural cytotoxic cells: distinctive membrane markers and patterns of reactivity. PMID- 3489796 TI - Natural cytotoxic (NC) activity: a multi-lineage system regulated by IL-2. PMID- 3489798 TI - Activation-specific interactions among B-lymphocyte plasma membrane proteins. PMID- 3489799 TI - [Induction of tumoricidal effectors from the tumor-bearer's splenocytes and the prospects of their utilization for adoptive immunotherapy]. PMID- 3489797 TI - Models and mechanisms for signal transduction in B cells. PMID- 3489800 TI - Interleukin-2-induced chemotaxis of human T-lymphocytes. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a growth factor for T-lymphocytes, has been postulated to cause the accumulation of T-lymphocytes at sites of inflammation by inducing proliferation of these cells. We hypothesized that IL-2 might also serve to attract T-lymphocytes to inflammatory sites. To test this hypothesis, human T lymphocytes were purified from the peripheral blood of normal volunteers by rosetting with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells and tested for chemotactic activity by using a blind-well chamber technique. Purified IL-2 caused a greater than 20-fold attraction of T-lymphocytes compared with medium alone (P less than 0.001). This attraction was shown to be chemotactic rather than chemokinetic by checkerboard analysis. The T-lymphocyte chemotaxis could be completely inhibited by adsorption of the IL-2 with an IL-2-dependent cell line, and could be neutralized by monoclonal anti-IL-2 antibody. Further specificity of IL-2-directed chemotaxis was demonstrated by using species-specific IL-2. Mouse IL-2 was ineffective at promoting human T-lymphocyte chemotaxis. These data suggest that IL-2 may be responsible for the localized accumulation of T lymphocytes both by causing attraction of these cells and by modulating their proliferation. PMID- 3489801 TI - Minimal effects of 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (R1881) on sexual behaviour in prepubertally castrated rams. AB - Ten adult prepubertally castrated rams were injected with 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP; 20 mg/day) for 3 weeks to stimulate genital development. Thereafter, half of the sheep were injected with testosterone (100 mg/day) for a further 4 weeks, while the remainder received the same dose of 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone; R1881). All the animals were tested for sexual behaviour on 15 occasions with ovariectomized ewes in which oestrous behaviour was induced by injections of 50 micrograms oestradiol-17 beta benzoate at 4- to 5-day intervals. Behavioural tests were of 10 min duration and were carried out thrice weekly over a 5-week period, starting in the final week of DHTP treatment. Animals treated with testosterone showed a highly significant increase in courtship behaviour (tongue flicks; lunges and nudges) after only four daily injections and this level of activity was maintained to the end of the experiment. However, the incidence of courtship activity in sheep treated with R1881 was similar to that recorded during the period of DHTP treatment. All animals given testosterone displayed mounts with pelvic thrusts and erections, and achieved intromission with ejaculation. These activities remained significantly more frequent than in sheep treated with R1881, starting from tests 9, 8 and 12 respectively. Four of the five individuals in the group given R1881 showed occasional mounts with thrusts, three showed sporadic erections and one sheep intromitted in the final test. These results indicate that, in contrast to the rat, R1881 has only very weak effects on sexual behaviour in the castrated ram. PMID- 3489802 TI - Olfactory recognition in the male hamster: effect of non-aromatizable androgens, 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (R 1881) and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, in combination with oestrogen. AB - Intact male hamsters show olfactory behaviour (sniffing and licking) to novel females. After exposure to female vaginal secretions, they show less sniffing towards a novel female if she does not match previously encountered odours (Steel, 1984). Male hamsters, castrated and injected s.c. with various steroids, were tested for the amount of sniffing they directed towards novel and mismatching females. 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP), 17 beta hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R1881) and oestradiol benzoate alone did not influence olfactory behaviour, while testosterone propionate (TP), DHTP plus oestradiol and R1881 plus oestradiol all increased sniffing to a novel female over the levels shown by saline-treated, castrated controls. Our results also indicated that only the aromatizable androgen (TP) or non-aromatizable androgens DHTP and R1881, in combination with oestradiol, reduced sniffing directed to a mismatching female after exposure to vaginal odour. We conclude that both androgenic and oestrogenic actions are required not only for olfactory behaviour, but also for olfactory recognition as indicated by a reduction in sniffing directed towards mismatching females. This suggests that aromatization of testosterone may be involved in the control of olfactory processes associated with reproductive behaviour. PMID- 3489803 TI - A physiological measure of shifting connections in the Rana pipiens retinotectal system. AB - The retinotectal connections of developing Rana tadpoles and froglets have been studied using light-pipe techniques to directly assay the pattern of the projection from the retina to the tectum. The projection site of the retina surrounding the optic nerve head was determined at two different stages of development (late larval and metamorphic frog) on the same animal. Small electrolytic marker lesions were used to mark the tectal sites to which the optic nerve head projected at these two times. Comparison of the positions of the two lesions gives a direct measure of the shift in the projection during the interlesion time interval of one week. The results indicate a shift in the projection of 275 micron week-1 in late larval life. Previous work in Xenopus using the light-pipe techniques indicated a qualitatively similar shift during equivalent stages of development, but significantly smaller in magnitude. In the present study, topographic postsynaptic units could be recorded at all stages investigated, indicating functional synapses between the optic nerve fibres and the tectum. Thus, these studies offer evidence of a significant shift in the functional connection pattern of the amphibian retinotectal map during development, in agreement with the recent anatomical data from other laboratories on the Rana and goldfish visual system. PMID- 3489804 TI - Interaction between anti-DNA and anti-DNA-binding protein autoantibodies in cryoglobulins from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have previously shown that sera from some patients with SLE and related disorders contain autoantibodies to a DNA-binding protein complex designated p70/p80. The present study shows that anti-p70/p80 autoantibodies are frequently accompanied by anti-DNA antibodies and cryoglobulins. When the cryoglobulins were isolated, they were found to be specifically enriched in both anti-p70/p80 and anti-DNA activities. The anti-p70/p80 and anti-DNA antibodies were found to be distinct populations of autoantibodies rather than a single crossreactive species, since they could be separated from one another by chromatography on DNA cellulose. Certain human anti-DNA mAbs could inhibit the binding of autoimmune polyclonal anti-p70/p80 antibodies to p70/p80, suggesting that anti-DNA antibodies might also associate with the variable regions of some anti-p70/p80 antibodies in the cryoglobulins. Binding of one murine anti-p70/p80 mAb (111-12) also was inhibited by certain human anti-DNA mAbs, but the binding of another murine mAb (162-11) to a different epitope of p70/p80 was not. These studies suggest that certain anti-DNA antibodies may interact with the variable regions of a population of anti-p70/p80 antibodies. The cryoglobulins found in the sera containing both anti-p70/p80 and anti-DNA antibodies may represent immune complexes consisting, in part, of idiotype and antiidiotype. PMID- 3489805 TI - T cell-mediated hepatitis in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Liver cell destruction by H-2 class I-restricted virus-specific cytotoxic T cells as a physiological correlate of the 51Cr-release assay? AB - A model for immunologically T cell-mediated hepatitis was established in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The severity of hepatitis was monitored histologically and by determination of changes in serum levels of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Kinetics of histological disease manifestations, increases of liver enzyme levels in the serum, and cytotoxic T cell activities in livers and spleens all correlated and were dependent upon several parameters: LCMV-isolate; LCMV-WE caused extensive hepatitis, LCMV-Armstrong virtually none. Virus dose. Route of infection; i.v. or i.p. infection caused hepatitis, whereas infection into the footpad did not. The general genetic background of the murine host; of the strains tested, Swiss mice and A-strain mice were more susceptible than C57BL or CBA mice; BALB/c and DBA/2 mice were least susceptible. The degree of immunocompetence of the murine host; T cell deficient nu/nu mice never developed hepatitis, whereas nu/+ or +/+ mice always did. B cell-depleted anti-IgM-treated mice developed immune-mediated hepatitis comparably or even more extensively than control mice. Local cytotoxic T cell activity; mononuclear cells isolated from livers during the period of overt hepatitis were two to five times more active than equal numbers of spleen cells. Adoptive transfer of nylon wool-nonadherent anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-Lyt-2 plus C-sensitive, anti-L3T4 plus C-resistant lymphocytes into irradiated mice preinfected with LCMV-WE caused a rapid time- and dose-dependent linear increase of serum enzyme levels. This increase was caused by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes if immune cell donors and recipient mice shared class I, but not when they shared class II histocompatibility antigens. The donor cell dose-dependent increase of these enzymes was first measurable 6-18 h after transfer with 2 X 10(8) cells or 3 X 10(6) cells, respectively. The time-dependent increase caused by the adoptive transfer of 1-2 X 10(8) cells was strictly linear during a period of up to 25-40 h. These results indicate single-hit kinetics of liver cell death and suggest that effector T cells destroy infected liver cells via direct contact rather than via soluble toxic mediators. The results may represent the best in vivo correlate of the in vitro 51Cr-release assay that has been analyzed so far, and strongly support the view that antiviral cytotoxic T cells are directly cytolytic in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489806 TI - A recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor derived from an inducer T cell line (IH5.5). Functional restriction to GM progenitor cells. AB - The cDNA for the murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was cloned from a cDNA library obtained from a murine T cell line, IH5.5, by using two synthetic probes that encoded two parts of the GM-CSF from murine lung. The cDNA inserted into the plasmid vector pcDV1 was transfected into monkey COS-1 cells and the conditioned medium was used to investigate the hemopoietic activities of the resultant product, recombinant GM-CSF (rGM-CSF), by means of various colony assays. rGM-CSF stimulated only neutrophil/macrophage colonies in the cultures of murine normal bone marrow and fetal liver cells. No other colony stimulating activities (CSA) were seen in the preparation including burst promoting activity, eosinophil-CSA, megakaryocyte-CSA and mast cell-CSA. rGM-CSF could not support colony formation of 5-fluorouracil-treated mouse spleen cells, in which only the primitive population of stem cells survived. However, after culture of these cells with PWM-spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM), the colonies consisting of blast cells were formed. These blast cells could now be induced to form neutrophil/macrophage colonies in the presence of rGM-CSF. Pure neutrophil colonies, pure macrophage colonies, as well as mixed neutrophil/macrophage colonies, were formed from these single blast cells in the presence of rGM-CSF by micromanipulation. rGM-CSF did not act on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells, but did act directly and selectively on neutrophil/macrophage progenitors. Moreover, striking heterogeneities were noted in the size of the colonies and the proportion of components. GM-CSF is, therefore, considered to play a noninstructive role in the differentiation of the GM pathway. PMID- 3489807 TI - Immune regulation of the L5178Y murine tumor-dormant state. I. In vivo and in vitro effects of prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin on tumor cell growth. AB - Immunization and intraperitoneal challenge of DBA/2 mice with L5178Y lymphoma cells results in the suppression and maintenance of the L5178Y cells in a tumor dormant state in the peritoneal cavity for many months. Cell-mediated immune responses involving lymphocytes and macrophages are involved in maintenance of the tumor-dormant state. Macrophages that have increased immunosuppressive activity and that produce increased amounts of PGE2 appear in the peritoneal cavity of tumor-dormant mice before the breakdown of the tumor-dormant state and formation of ascitic tumors. We report here that the tumor-dormant state can be terminated with formation of ascitic tumors by treatment of tumor-dormant mice with PGE2. Treatment with indomethacin results in inhibition of tumor cell growth and elimination of all recoverable tumor cells. Cultures of peritoneal cells (PC) from mice harboring L5178Y cells in a tumor-dormant state were used to analyze the PGE2 and indomethacin effects. Tumor cells did not grow out in the high-cell density PC cultures prepared from many tumor-dormant mice, but addition of PGE2 to these cultures resulted in tumor cell growth. The tumor cell growth that did occur in the PC cultures from some tumor-dormant mice was associated with PGE2 production by the associated host cells, and the addition of indomethacin to these cultures inhibited both PGE2 synthesis and tumor cell growth. Removal of plastic-adherent cells from the PC cultures eliminated the restraint on tumor cell growth. These experiments suggest that L5178Y tumor cells are maintained in a tumor-dormant state by host peritoneal cells, which are under PGE2 regulation. PMID- 3489808 TI - Release of the rat T cell alloantigen RT-6.2 from cell membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. AB - The mechanism by which the rat T cell alloantigen, RT-6.2, is attached to the membrane was investigated. Treatment of rat lymph node and T-hybridoma cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) caused a substantial reduction in the amount of RT-6.2 on the cell surface. No significant release of a rat T helper marker (visualized by the mAb W3/25) was observed in response to PI-PLC treatment. This is in sharp contrast to the effects of trypsin, which removes most of the T helper marker but had little effect on RT-6.2. SDS-PAGE analysis of the RT-6.2 released by PI-PLC indicated that the Mr was not significantly changed by this treatment. Phase separation of the released RT-6.2 in Triton X-114 showed that the PI-PLC had converted it from an amphiphilic membrane form to a water-soluble form, apparently by removing its hydrophobic membrane anchoring domain. These results strongly suggest that RT-6.2, in common with Thy-1 and several other cell surface proteins, is anchored in the membrane by the 1,2-diacylglycerol moiety of a covalently attached phosphatidylinositol molecule. PMID- 3489810 TI - Aseptic meningitis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3489809 TI - Expression of a monoclonal antibody-defined, B-lineage transformation antigen specifically identifies Abelson-diseased animals. Genetically determined resistance to Abelson murine leukemia virus acts before induction of gp160(6C3). AB - Mice genetically susceptible or genetically resistant to the leukemogenic effects of A-MuLV(Mo) were tested for their expression of the B-lineage neoplastic transformation-associated antigen, 6C3Ag. Genetically resistant inbred strains and recombinant inbred lines developed neither cells expressing high levels of 6C3Ag (6C3Aghi) in their hematolymphoid tissues nor Abelson leukemias. Genetically susceptible inbred strains and recombinant inbred lines developed high percentages of 6C3Aghi hematolymphoid cells concomitant with development of Abelson leukemias and lymphomas. Thus the genetically-determined resistance to A MuLV(Mo) leukemogenesis appears to act at some step(s) after virus infection but before the stage of malignant progression, which is marked by 6C3Ag expression. PMID- 3489811 TI - Depression and dysphoria among the elderly: dispelling a myth. PMID- 3489812 TI - Protein synthesis involvement in regulating pituitary-induced progesterone levels in ovarian follicles of Rana pipiens. AB - Involvement of protein synthesis in frog pituitary homogenate (FPH)-induced progesterone production and/or accumulation in ovarian follicles was investigated. In amphibians, cycloheximide (C), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, inhibits progesterone and FPH-induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). However, the site and mechanisms of action of cycloheximide within ovarian follicles have not been elucidated. Intrafollicular progesterone produced by FPH is considered to mediate oocyte maturation; thus, cycloheximide may interfere with production and/or action of progesterone. Simultaneous treatment of FPH-stimulated follicles with cycloheximide inhibited FPH-induced progesterone accumulation (measured by RIA) and the accompanying-GVBD in a dose-dependent fashion. Inhibitory effects of cycloheximide on either FPH-induced progesterone production or GVBD were not reversed when follicles were washed and returned to fresh medium devoid of FPH and cycloheximide. However, subsequent restimulation of washed follicles with FPH resulted in increased progesterone levels and oocyte maturation. The extent of reversibility, in terms of GVBD and progesterone production, after FPH restimulation varied between animals. Pretreatment of follicles with cycloheximide for 6 hours, without FPH, had little or no effect on progesterone production when follicles were washed and treated with FPH. Delayed addition of cycloheximide to follicles following FPH stimulation blocked further progesterone accumulation as indicated by measurement of intrafollicular progesterone at the time of cycloheximide addition and at the end of the incubation period. The results indicate that cycloheximide rapidly inhibits progesterone production and that continuous protein synthesis is required for progesterone accumulation. Furthermore, protein synthesis does not appear to be required for progesterone metabolism since intrafollicular progesterone declined with prolonged culture even in the presence of cycloheximide. The nature of protein(s) involved in follicular progesterone production remains to be elucidated. FPH mediation of oocyte maturation within ovarian follicles appears to depend upon protein synthesis in somatic follicle cells, which is required for progesterone production, and in the oocyte, to mediate the response to the steroid trigger. PMID- 3489813 TI - [Clinical trial of endoscopic Nd:YAG laser therapy of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3489814 TI - Glutamine starvation of murine leukaemia virus-infected cells inhibits the readthrough of the gag-pol genes and proteolytic processing of the gag polyprotein. AB - The production of Moloney murine leukaemia virus from chronically infected cells was inhibited after starvation of glutamine. While the rate of synthesis of the precursor of the core proteins, Pr65gag, was not affected in the starved cells, its proteolytic processing was blocked. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that glutamine was required during the synthesis of Pr65gag to facilitate its subsequent processing. In addition, the synthesis of Pr200gag-pol, the precursor of the protease, reverse transcriptase and endonuclease, was inhibited in the glutamine-starved cells. Starvation for other essential amino acids such as tyrosine and isoleucine affected neither the synthesis nor the processing of the virus proteins. These results suggest that the readthrough mechanism which enables synthesis of the Pr200gag-pol polyprotein is modulated in the chronically infected cells by glutamine levels. Since the viral protease is part of the pol gene, its synthesis may be inhibited in the glutamine-starved cells and Pr65gag is therefore not processed. PMID- 3489815 TI - Kinetic studies on the conformational isomerization reaction of the four diastereomers of beta,gamma-bidentate CrATP. AB - The rates of the conformational isomerization reaction of the diastereomers of beta,gamma-bidentate CrATP were studied as a function of pH, buffer concentration, ionic strength, and temperature. The progress of the reaction was monitored by quenching the reaction at various times, and then isolating the individual diastereomers and quantitating the percent of each. This was accomplished using the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation technique developed in this laboratory [K. J. Gruys, and S. M. Schuster, Anal. Biochem. 125, 66-73 (1982)]. The rate constants for this isomerization were then determined by obtaining the best computer fit of the data to a reversible binary mechanism (i.e., A in equilibrium B) using interative descent methods. The reaction rate was shown to be dependent on pH, temperature, and ionic strength, but independent of buffer concentration. Keq. constants were independent of all variables except ionic strength. The results from this study are interpreted in terms of a reaction mechanism involving a preequilibrium ionization of the diastereomers followed by a rate-limiting interconversion process. PMID- 3489816 TI - (6R)-tetrahydrobiopterin increases the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase in rat raphe slices. AB - The effects of (6R)- and (6S)-tetrahydrobiopterin (BPH4), tetrahydroneopterin, and 6-methyltetrahydropterin on the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase were investigated in rat raphe slices. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase was estimated by measurement of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) formation under inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase with use of HPLC-fluorometric detection. (6R)-BPH4 (the naturally occurring form) at 42 microM, tetrahydroneopterin at 50 microM, and 6-methyltetrahydropterin at 100 microM increased tryptophan hydroxylase activity to 350, 145, and 146% of control values, respectively. (6S)-BPH4, however, had no significant effects on tryptophan hydroxylase activity. These results suggest that tryptophan hydroxylase is subsaturating in vivo for the naturally occurring cofactor, (6R) BPH4, and that the concentration of (6R)-BPH4 may play an important role for the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in vivo. PMID- 3489817 TI - Dietary sodium and blood pressure in young people with and without familial predisposition to high blood pressure. PMID- 3489818 TI - Physical activity and hypertension. AB - Cross-sectional comparisons of athletes and nonathletes and of active and inactive occupations do not support the hypothesis that habitual physical activity protects against hypertension. However, more powerful cohort studies tend to support the hypothesis but indicate that the effect, if any, is not great. Conditioning level experimental exercise studies suggest, but do not establish, a lowering effect of activity on normal and elevated blood pressure. However, the potential effect of regular physical activity in the population is considered to be great in the prevention of high blood pressure because of the influence of a small beneficial effect acting on large numbers of people over time. PMID- 3489819 TI - Phase I and pharmacologic studies of intraperitoneal leucovorin and 5 fluorouracil in patients with advanced cancer. AB - Many patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tumors develop extensive peritoneal and serosal metastasis and/or malignant ascites which respond poorly to available treatments. Twelve patients with tumors confined primarily to the intraabdominal cavity were treated with intraperitoneal (IP) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in escalating concentrations (2 to 4 mmol/L) in combination with leucovorin (dl-5 formyltetrahydrofolic acid or folinic acid; dl-CF) in a 2-L volume, either by eight consecutive four-hour dwells or once daily for five days. CF dose was 20.8 or 104 mumol/L. Nine of the patients had pancreatic carcinoma, one had stomach carcinoma, and two had hepatobiliary neoplasms. Median age was 62.5 years and median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 3. Toxicity included mucositis, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, leucopenia, skin rash, and abdominal pain, and was similar to that previously reported for IP 5-FU used as a single agent. Four episodes of peritonitis occurred, but all patients responded to antibiotics. At the 20.8 mumol/L dose, dl-CF concentration in the peritoneal fluid declined from 10.4 +/- 3.0 3.0 mumol/L at one hour to 4.9 +/- 2.2 mumol/L at four hours, corresponding to a mean absorption half-life of 127 +/ 49 minutes and a mean peritoneal clearance of 13.0 +/- 4.5 mL/min. Decline was biphasic in all but five of the 19 exchanges evaluated. The levels of l-CF (biologically active isomer of dl-CF) were 2.8 +/- 2.5 mumol/L after 60 minutes and 1.2 +/- 0.7 mumol/L after four hours. The peritoneal area under the concentration v time curve (AUC) for 5-FU increased proportionally with dose. For example, the AUC at 2.0 and 3.5 mmol/L was 129 +/- 25 and 201 +/- 23 mmol/L X minute, respectively. However, the maximal peritoneal to plasma AUC ratio was 461 at the 2 mmol/L dose, but decreased with increasing doses as systemic clearance decreased. This regimen was well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer, but must be evaluated further to determine its clinical efficacy. PMID- 3489820 TI - A reexamination of the gain of the vestibuloocular reflex. AB - The properties of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) when the axis of rotation is behind the eyes and fixation of a near target is required were studied in the monkey. The magnitude of VOR gain in each eye was found to be above 1.0 and near the ideal value for stabilizing a retinal image. Evidence that this large VOR gain was not visually mediated was provided by the observations that no reduction in gain and no phase lag were observed at high frequencies of head rotation (2 Hz), large gain was observed in the dark, and large gain was observed within 10 20 ms of the start of head rotation. The magnitude of VOR gain was found to increase with increasing radius of head rotation and also to increase with decreasing target distance. When the distances from the two eyes to the target were different the instantaneous velocities and VOR gains of the eyes were also different. The dependence on radius of rotation indicates that the VOR is mediated by a combination of otolith and canal inputs. A general model for otolith-canal interaction is proposed in which VOR gain is based on a computation of target location relative to the head. This model simplifies to the classical VOR reflex when a cyclopean eye is subjected only to angular displacement. PMID- 3489821 TI - The blood-retinal barrier: leucine transport by the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The transport of leucine across the isolated bullfrog pigment epithelium-choroid was studied in a modified Ussing chamber. With the same concentration of leucine on both sides of the tissue, there was a net flux in the apical-to-basal (retina to-choroid) direction. The concentration dependence of the apical-to-basal flux comprised at least 2 components: a carrier-mediated flux, with an apparent Km of 0.76 mM and a Vmax of 298 nmol/cm2/hr, and a linear component with a slope of 33.4 cm/hr. The basal-to-apical flux was linear to 10 mM leucine, with a slope of 60 cm/hr. In the absence of Na+, the apical-to-basal flux was inhibited 20%, while the basal-to-apical flux was unaffected. The apical-to-basal flux could be inhibited to the level of the basal-to-apical flux by removing glucose from the solution and adding KCN. Otherwise both fluxes were relatively unaltered by metabolic poisons. There appear to be 3 contributors to the apical-to-basal flux: a weakly Na+-dependent carrier, a linear component (diffusion), and a countertransport mechanism. The basal-to-apical flux must have 2 linear mechanisms, diffusion to the same extent as the opposite flux, and possibly pinocytosis. PMID- 3489823 TI - [11C]MPTP: a potential tracer for Parkinson's disease research in laboratory animals. AB - [11C]-1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ([11C]MPTP), a compound producing parkinson-like symptoms in several species, has been synthesized and purified in sufficient activity to obtain tomographic images in the monkey. Biodistribution data has also been obtained in rats. Carbon-11-labeled MPTP could be used as a probe to study the pharmacokinetics of the compound under various research conditions in animals. Because of its neurotoxicity, the compound is not intended for use in humans. PMID- 3489824 TI - Acetazolamide enhancement of HIPDM brain flow distribution imaging. AB - Six patients with symptomatic cerebral vascular disease were studied with 133Xe regional cerebral blood flow measurements and HIPDM cerebral imaging after the administration of acetazolamide. The results obtained from this small group suggest this technique may have high sensitivity for detection of cerebral vascular disease. PMID- 3489825 TI - Patterns and significance of oral hemorrhage in acute leukemia. PMID- 3489822 TI - Inverse Monte Carlo as a unified reconstruction algorithm for ECT. AB - Tomographic reconstruction for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with simultaneous compensation for attenuation, scatter, and distance dependent collimator resolution is provided by an Inverse Monte Carlo (IMOC) reconstruction algorithm. A detection probability matrix is formed by Monte Carlo solution to the photon transport equation for SPECT acquisition from a unit source activity in each reconstruction source voxel. The measured projection vector will equal the product of this detection probability matrix with the unknown source distribution vector. The resulting large, nonsparse system of equations is solved for the source distribution using an iterative Maximum Likelihood EM estimator. Reconstruction of experimentally acquired projections from phantoms shows quantitative compensation for scatter and attenuation. Comparison with filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction shows an improvement in resolution recovery, contrast, and signal-to-noise for the IMOC algorithm. Reconstruction of clinical studies shows improved contrast, structural resolution, and noise characteristics. PMID- 3489826 TI - [Experimental approach to immunotherapy in head and neck malignant tumors- antitumor efficacy by lymphokine activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes]. PMID- 3489827 TI - [Velocity analysis of the sway in the center of gravity of the body--lateral sway velocity in peripheral vestibular disorders]. PMID- 3489828 TI - Unsolved problems in diagnosis and therapy of hyperphenylalaninemia caused by defects in tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism. PMID- 3489829 TI - Growth hormone deficiency in patients with histiocytosis X. AB - Twenty-two patients with biopsy proved histiocytosis X, aged 10 months to 14 years (median 2 years) at the time of diagnosis, were observed for 6 months to 13 years (median 4 years). One patient who had received 3000 rads irradiation directly to the hypothalamic-pituitary area had clinical and biochemical evidence of growth hormone deficiency and responded to GH therapy. Thirteen patients had normal stature, normal growth velocity, and no diabetes insipidus. The GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied in three of these 13 patients (group 1), in three children with short stature and no diabetes insipidus (group 2), and in five patients with diabetes insipidus but normal stature and growth velocity (group 3). Peak GH responses were normal (greater than 5 micrograms/L) in all patients in groups 1 and 2, but three of the five patients in group 3 had subnormal GH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and to arginine, L-DOPA/propranolol, and exercise. Their growth rates continue to be normal over 6 to 14 years follow-up. Thus, although impaired GH responses were observed in four of the 12 patients tested, true growth failure occurred only in association with direct hypothalamic-pituitary irradiation. This experience and the observation that GH deficiency was diagnosed in fewer than 1% of children with histiocytosis in Canada during a 15-year period (accounting for less than 1% of all children with GH deficiency) suggest that classic GH deficiency is not a common complication of histiocytosis unless direct hypothalamic-pituitary irradiation has been given. PMID- 3489830 TI - Evaluation of endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in children. AB - Sixteen children (3.5-14.7 years) with portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage were treated by direct endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Follow-up clinical and endoscopic evaluations have been carried out over a 1-6-year period (mean, 2.3 years). Prior to sclerotherapy, three patients had undergone unsuccessful surgical approaches, and the mean transfusional requirement from the time of the first hemorrhage was 12.3 units of blood per child per year for those with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (n = 10) and 3.8 units for those with primary liver disease. Following sclerotherapy, transfusional requirements were significantly reduced in both groups, to 1.8 units and 2.2 units (85% and 43% reduction, respectively). Re-bleeding in four patients was due to the occurrence of gastric varices. One patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension has required subsequent shunt surgery for this complication, 5 years after sclerotherapy. Two patients have died, one with cystic fibrosis and hemorrhage from gastric varices and one from liver failure due to progressive biliary cirrhosis. Complications of sclerotherapy included transient retrosternal pain (eight occasions), esophageal ulceration with bleeding (n = 1) and esophageal stricture (n = 1). We conclude that sclerotherapy is an effective technique in obliterating esophageal varices and reducing the risk of hemorrhage in children with portal hypertension, with an acceptably low complication rate. We favor its use over more invasive surgical measures for control of acute and recurrent variceal hemorrhage, particularly for cases of extrahepatic portal hypertension in which a favorable natural history is likely. PMID- 3489831 TI - A clinical and microbiologic examination of gingival disease in parapubescent females. AB - A longitudinal study of 18 subjects progressing normally through puberty (Group 1) and a cross-sectional study of nine subjects with precocious puberty (Group 2) were undertaken to evaluate the effect of puberty on clinical and microbiologic parameters of periodontal health. The most inflamed first molar was selected for subgingival plaque sampling. There was no significant change in mean Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI) or dark-field microscopic counts of the associated microflora in Group 1 from session to session. Individual subjects changing black pigmented Bacteroides (BPB) carrier status at a session also experienced a change in GI when compared to the group as a whole. A positive correlation was observed between GI and PlI at all sessions in the study. No radiographic evidence of destructive periodontal disease was observed. A correlation was noted between the presence, but not the levels, of BPB and plasma estradiol concentration in Group 2 subjects. Isolation of BPB, almost all B. intermedius, was not correlated with physical maturation in either group. During puberty, mild gingivitis may exist prior to detectable colonization by spirochetes or BPB. Hormonal events of puberty do not necessarily foster the colonization of pathogens implicated in adult periodontitis. PMID- 3489832 TI - Life events and substance use among adolescents: mediating effects of perceived loss of control and meaninglessness in life. AB - Throughout history, alcohol and other drugs have been used to provide relief in times of stress and frustration. Research has confirmed this association between disruptive life change events and substance use. It was hypothesized that two psychological constructs facilitate and mediate this relation between stress and substance use. Uncontrollable stress (negative life change events) was assumed to create a sense of loss of control, which in turn engendered a decreased level of meaning in life. This meaninglessness in life, experienced as distressful and uncomfortable, is then treated or medicated with various drug substances. This theoretical sequential model was tested in two separate studies with independent samples of adolescents (one sample collected by the Rutgers University and the other collected by the University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA]) using latent variable structural models. The Rutgers sample was cross-sectional, whereas the UCLA sample provided longitudinal data. Results supported the theoretical hypothesis that Perceived Loss of Control and Meaninglessness mediate the relation between Uncontrollable Stress and Substance Use. In the Rutgers data, the association between stress and drug use was clearly accounted for by the mediating constructs; in other words, no direct path was necessary to explain the relation between stress and general drug use. However, in the UCLA data there remained a direct influence of Uncontrollable Stress on Substance Use after accounting for the significant impact of the mediating constructs. Five other competing models were tested; four were rejected empirically, and the other was accepted, although it was less theoretically based than the mediational model. PMID- 3489833 TI - Water soluble complexes of the antiviral drugs, 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxy)methyl]guanine and acyclovir: the role of hydrophobicity in complex formation. AB - We investigated water-soluble complexes of various ligands with the antiviral drugs, 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (acyclovir) and 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxy)methyl]guanine (DHPG). For comparison, we also examined the "parent" compounds, guanine and guanosine, as substrates for complex formation. Using the phase-solubility technique, we measured formation constant (K1) values at 23 degrees C in pH 7 buffer. For a single substrate, formation constants with different ligands varied in the order: caffeine greater than pyridoxine approximately cytidine greater than nicotinamide greater than sucrose. With caffeine as the ligand, formation constants with different substrates varied in the order: guanine greater than guanosine approximately acyclovir greater than DHPG. The largest formation constant observed was 58 M-1 (for guanine-caffeine), and the smallest formation constant was 0.29 M-1 (for DHPG-sucrose). Examining the literature for formation constant data on compounds related to DHPG, and comparing literature data with our own, reveals a significant correlation between formation constants and ligand hydrophobicity. For 41 substrate-ligand pairs, least squares linear regression analysis of log K1 values versus various parameters reflecting donor-acceptor abilities (e.g., substrate and ligand HOMO and LUMO values, or substrate oxidation potentials) failed to significantly correlate. We conclude that ligand hydrophobicity is a general determinant of water soluble complex formation, but not necessarily the exclusive or dominant controlling factor for all complexes. Charge-transfer interactions are not important determinants of complex formation for the substrate-ligand combinations that we have considered. PMID- 3489834 TI - Biodegradable microspheres. III: some immunological properties of polyacryl starch microparticles. AB - The antibody responses against empty polyacryl starch microparticles and the corresponding human serum albumin (HSA)-containing microparticles were followed in mice for 30 weeks. Empty polyacryl starch microparticles were nonimmunogenic as determined by a direct, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, when the previously nonimmunogenic particle matrix was presented to the immune system together with entrapped HSA, an antibody response was detected not only against the protein antigen, but also against the microparticles matrix as detected in an inhibition ELISA. The spheres were good adjuvants for the foreign protein (HSA) and gave nearly the same response as that obtained with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), while the corresponding free antigen showed no or poor immunogenicity. The effects of the microparticles on lymphocytes and macrophages were also investigated. Empty microspheres were weakly stimulatory to lymphocytes. Moreover, they stimulated macrophages to release interleukin 1 in vitro. PMID- 3489835 TI - Effects of phencyclidine and its analogs on the end-plate current of the neuromuscular junction. AB - The interactions of the hallucinogenic drug PCP [1-(1 phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine] and some of its analogs with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ionic channel complex were studied using electrophysiological techniques. The peak amplitude and the decay time constant of the nerve-evoked end-plate current (EPCs) recorded from the frog sartorius muscle were reduced by all the analogs in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 between 5 and 90 microM). PCP, TCP [1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]-piperidine] and PCE (N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine), among other analogs, caused a negative slope conductance in the current-voltage relationship at hyperpolarized potentials and a voltage- and time-dependent depression of the peak amplitude of the EPC. When the piperidine ring of the PCP molecule was substituted by a morpholino ring, as in 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)morpholine and 1-[1-(2-thienyl) cyclohexyl]morpholine, the potency decreased and the negative conductance was eliminated. The removal of the piperidine ring of PCP in 1-phenylcyclohexylamine and the hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring in 4-phenyl-4-piperidino cyclohexanol reduced the potency and produced double exponential decays at potentials between +50 and -50 mV. At -100 mV, the potency for decreasing peak EPC amplitude was well correlated with the potency for reducing the decay time constant for all the analogs. The voltage- and time-dependent depression of the EPC amplitude was reduced by substitution of a morpholino ring and by the elimination of the piperidine ring of PCP. The behaviorally active analogs were the most potent EPC blockers, which suggests a synaptic role for the production of depressant behavioral effects observed with PCP. PMID- 3489836 TI - Blockade and recovery of the acetylcholine receptor produced by a thienyl analog of phencyclidine: influence of voltage, temperature, frequency of stimulation and conditioning pulse duration. AB - The effects of the thienyl analog of phencyclidine, 1-[1-(2 thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (TCP), were examined on the end-plate region of the frog neuromuscular junction using a two microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Among the phencyclidine analogs studied, TCP was the most potent in blocking the end-plate current (EPC), producing the largest voltage- and time-dependent blockade. The current-voltage relationship in the presence of TCP (5-25 microM) displayed a large hysteresis loop and a negative slope conductance at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. The rate of decay of the EPC increased linearly with drug concentration, but the voltage-sensitivity of this parameter remained essentially unchanged. The reduction of the peak amplitude, in contrast to the alterations in the kinetics of EPC decay, were influenced by temperature and length of the conditioning pulse. The hysteresis loop in the EPC amplitudes was eliminated at low temperatures (10 degrees C) and when short conditioning voltage pulses (less than 100 msec) were used. At negative membrane potentials, trains of EPCs evoked at a rate of 0.33 Hz decreased progressively in amplitude, the relationship between peak and amplitude and time being approximately exponential. The rate of blockade was voltage-dependent, increasing by about 1.7 fold with a 70-mV membrane hyperpolarization. However, at positive membrane potentials, the peak amplitude of the EPC recovered linearly with time such that by the 150th pulse it was about 4 times the first EPC, a value similar to that obtained under control conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3489837 TI - Neurological dysfunction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3489838 TI - Synthesis and biochemical properties of 8-amino-6-fluoro-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 9H-purine. AB - The synthesis and characterization of 8-amino-6-fluoro-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H purine (3a) are presented. This compound is a substrate for adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase. In L1210 cells 3a is converted to 8-aminoinosine monophosphate (4b), apparently by the action of AMP deaminase on the monophosphate of 3a, as well as to the triphosphate derivative of 3a. Pentostatin was used to inhibit adenosine deaminase, and coformycin was used to inhibit AMP deaminase in experiments designed to delineate the metabolic fate of 3a. Pentostatin was without influence on the cytotoxicity of 3a, but coformycin potentiated the cytotoxicity. The potentiation was associated with an increased cellular concentration of phosphates of 3a and a decreased concentration of 4b. PMID- 3489839 TI - The prevalence of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in children with ambiguous genitalia in the Dominican Republic. AB - During a 10-year period 65 children and adolescents with ambiguous genitalia from the Dominican Republic, not known through kindred studies of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, were evaluated. Plasma androgen determinations were performed before and/or after Leydig cell stimulation of the testes with human chorionic gonadotropin. Of the children there were 24 female pseudohermaphrodites, 21 of whom had 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 1 true hermaphrodite and 40 (62 per cent) male pseudohermaphrodites. One child had a human chorionic gonadotropin response suggestive of 17-20 desmolase deficiency, and on further evaluation he also had partial deficiencies of the enzymes 21-hydroxylase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase. Five subjects had a female phenotype and subnormal androgen responses to human chorionic gonadotropin. In 5 of 33 male pseudohermaphrodites with a normal testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin 5 alpha-reductase deficiency was suspected by elevated plasma testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratios before and/or after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation. The diagnosis of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency was confirmed by elevated 5 beta/5 alpha urinary C19 and C21 steroid metabolite ratios. One subject with 5 alpha reductase deficiency was traced to the original Dominican kindred of 38 affected subjects. Pedigree analysis of another proband revealed 3 additional affected relatives. Four subjects with a normal testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin had XO/XY gonadal dysgenesis. There were 25 male pseudohermaphrodites with normal plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone responses to human chorionic gonadotropin, who were not diagnosed by this methodology. This study reveals that 5 alpha-reductase deficiency occurs with a frequency of 13 per cent as a cause of male pseudohermaphroditism in the Dominican Republic with approximately the same frequency as XO/XY gonadal dysgenesis. Unlike female pseudohermaphrodites, the majority of male subjects with pseudohermaphroditism remain unclassified by these techniques. PMID- 3489841 TI - Cephalhematoma complicated by osteomyelitis presumed due to Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 3489842 TI - Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with positive HTLV-III serological findings. PMID- 3489840 TI - Detection of interleukin 2 in the urine of patients with superficial bladder tumors after treatment with intravesical BCG. AB - Adjuvant intravesical BCG therapy is an effective means of treating superficial bladder tumors. The mechanism by which BCG mediates antitumor activity is not known; however, clinical and animal studies suggest that immunological responsiveness to BCG antigens correlates with antitumor activity. In this report the detection of interleukin 2 (IL-2, a lymphokine produced in response to BCG) in urine specimens of patients treated with intravesical BCG is reported. Patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder received intravesical BCG once each week for six weeks. No intradermal injections were administered. Urine specimens were obtained prior to BCG instillation and four, eight and 24 hours afterwards. The specimens were dialysed, concentrated five fold and assayed for the presence of IL-2 in a biological assay using an IL-2 dependent cultured T-cell line. IL-2 was detected in urine but not serum after intravesical BCG instillation. IL-2 was characterized by absorption against an IL 2-dependent T cell line and neutralization by monoclonal anti-IL-2 antibodies. No IL-2 was detected in specimens obtained prior to BCG instillation or from donors with no detectable bladder pathology. One of 10 urine specimens from patients with urinary tract infections had detectable IL-2 levels. IL-2 production generally peaked during the fourth to sixth intravesical BCG treatment. Production was short-term in that IL-2 levels peaked four to eight hours after BCG instillation and were rarely (six of 54 specimens) observed 24 hours after instillation. Mean IL-2 levels were higher in patients who were rendered tumor free after BCG therapy but statistical significance was not achieved. Ten of 12 patients (83%) who responded to BCG therapy had urine IL-2 levels greater than or equal to 1.6 units/ml. at least once during the six week treatment period while two of six (33%) patients not responding to therapy had similar urine IL-2 levels. These results show that intravesical BCG therapy induces the production of lymphokines including IL-2. The presence of BCG-induced lymphokines may be associated with anti-tumor activity. PMID- 3489843 TI - Experimental studies on high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor chemotherapy for 89Sr-induced osteosarcoma murine model. AB - Experimental chemotherapy using high-dose methotrexate (MTX) with citrovorum factor (CF) was performed on ddN strain mice bearing 89Sr-induced osteosarcoma and the antitumor efficacy was analyzed through autoradiography ([3H]thymidine). The administration was done using sustained infusion via the tail vein using our own device to maintain certain elevated blood levels of the drugs. As the first experiment, MTX was administered to 4 different groups of mice with dose levels of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg for 6 hours followed by CF 200 mg/kg for 24 hours. It was found that the blood levels of MTX were maintained at 10(-4) M by the dosage of 500 mg/kg, but no higher levels were achieved by increasing dosage. Tissue such as the small intestine and the bone marrow recovered from the toxicity of MTX in about 1 week after the dosage of 500 mg/kg. In tumors, on the other hand, the tissue showed a gradual recovery with time, but the uptake of [3H]thymidine by the tissue was not restored to the pretreatment level. When the antitumor efficacy of a single dosage of 1,000 mg/kg and 2 dosages of 500 mg/kg each with 1 week interval were compared, the latter was definitely more effective. It was, therefore, concluded that the administration of the drugs should be done repeatedly with optimum doses of MTX and CF rather than with ultrahigh doses of MTX and CF all at once. PMID- 3489844 TI - [A case of extranodal malignant T cell lymphoma of the cheek]. PMID- 3489845 TI - [Effect of medical imaging technology on the interpretation of image]. PMID- 3489846 TI - [Brain imaging with N-isopropyl-p-[123 I] iodoamphetamine]. PMID- 3489848 TI - [A case report of hemochromatosis with an interesting pattern on colloid liver scintigram and liver X CT]. PMID- 3489847 TI - [Angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 3489849 TI - [A comparative study of planar, SPECT, X-ray CT and angiographic imaging in detecting space-occupying lesions (SOL) of the liver]. PMID- 3489851 TI - [Effects of dihydrotestosterone on cultured human skin fibroblasts--especially on enhancement of growth, DNA synthesis and protein synthesis by epidermal growth factor]. PMID- 3489850 TI - [I-A restricted sulbenicillin specific T cell proliferative response in mice]. PMID- 3489852 TI - [The effect of LAK cells on experimental peritonitis carcinomatosa]. PMID- 3489854 TI - [An analysis of 18FDG kinetic rate constants using dynamic positron emission tomography in human brain tumors]. PMID- 3489856 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer activity of tumor-associated and peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with ascites ovarian tumors. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and tumor-associated lymphocytes (TALs) were isolated from 36 patients with advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma and peritoneal effusions for study of lymphokine-activated killer activity. PBLs and TALs cultured in vitro for 3-5 days in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2, supernatant of the MLA 144 gibbon cell line, or human recombinant IL-2) expressed higher levels of cytotoxicity as compared to cells cultured in medium alone, against natural killer (NK)-susceptible (K562) or NK-resistant targets (Daudi and the human ovarian carcinoma cell line SW626). When ovarian tumor cells, freshly isolated from carcinomatous ascites or surgical specimens, were used as target cells in the cytotoxicity assay, 8 of 14 PBLs and 5 of 7 TAL preparations lysed the autologous tumor after treatment with IL-2, while no spontaneous reactivity was observed in any of the 14 patients tested. Although levels of lysis were usually relatively low, these data demonstrate that PBLs and TALs from ovarian cancer patients (TALs usually exhibiting low NK activity) when stimulated in vitro by IL-2 acquire some cytotoxic potential against the autologous tumor. PMID- 3489855 TI - [Comparison of 180-degree and 360-degree scans in the quantitative gated cardiac pool SPECT]. PMID- 3489857 TI - [Immunocorrective therapy in the complex treatment of Raynaud's disease and syndrome]. PMID- 3489853 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial involvement in muscular dystrophy with thallium-201 emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3489858 TI - [Quantitative control of the function of the corneal endothelium by fluorophotometry in the anterior eye segment]. AB - Whereas specular microscopy yields mostly qualitative information, fluorophotometry furnishes quantitative data of endothelial cell function. Determination of fluorescein permeability of the endothelial cell layer reflects the function of the endothelial barrier. Following topical application of fluorescein, the time-dependent change in the fluorescein concentration in corneal stroma and aqueous yields the transfer coefficient (Kc) of the corneal endothelium. With the Fluorotron Master, Kc was 3.77 +/- 0.57 X 10(-3)/min. for normal eyes; patients with cornea guttata or Fuchs's dystrophy had a significantly higher transfer coefficient (Kc = 7.9 +/- 2.88 X 10(-3)/min.). Normal Kc values were found 6-63 months (average 33.5 months) after phacoemulsification with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. PMID- 3489859 TI - [Bandage lenses in neuroparalytic keratitis]. AB - The successful treatment of two cases of neuroparalytic keratitis with bandage lenses is described. The possible pathogenesis of epithelial damage and our experience with the problems of fitting soft contact lenses on anesthetic corneas are discussed. PMID- 3489860 TI - [Posterior uveitis in systemic diseases. A pathologic and epidemiologic study]. AB - In the course of 2943 autopsies, during which the eyes were also removed, investigations were carried out concerning inflammatory lesions of the posterior uveal tract. Posterior uveitis was found in 202 cases (6.9%) of subjects whose mean age was 74.5 years. In 98% of the cases this was a non-granulomatous inflammation. The frequency of the associated systemic diseases in the cases of uveitis was compared with the frequency of such diseases in an accurately chosen control group. The results of our investigation showed that diabetes mellitus and inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis, endocarditis and hepatitis are more frequently found in patients with uveitis. PMID- 3489862 TI - [Central electroanalgesia in the therapy of patients with labile arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3489861 TI - [Evaluation of the delayed skin reaction in chronically ill children]. AB - The evaluation of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity by using a standardized test system offers an assessment of cell-mediated immunity. The number and diameter of positive responses induced by seven antigens result in a score. The study included 21 healthy children, 20 children with bacterial infections as well as 20 patients with chronic renal insufficiency. In addition, 16 children with cystic fibrosis were also studied. No differences in the skin reactions was found in children with bacterial infections, showing a score of 13 +/- 6 mm. But children with cystic fibrosis or with renal insufficiency exhibited a severe impaired cell mediated immunity. To what extent the alteration of cell-mediated immunity affects the course of the various diseases, has to be investigated by further prospective studies. PMID- 3489863 TI - [Use of central electroanalgesia to restore the body's functional state in motion sickness]. AB - Central electroanalgesia (CEAN) is a technique that involves application of pulsating current to the central nervous system in order to enhance its tonicity recover autonomic equilibrium and to reduce parasympathetic cardiovascular reactions. In two experimental runs in which 9 volunteers participated the efficacy of CEAN in preventing motion sickness symptoms produced by Markaryan's test was studied. After two rotations repeated with a one-hour interval vestibular reactions persisted for 7-10 hours. CEAN had a positive effect: after a one-hour CEAN session applied between two rotations the tolerance time of the second rotation increased on an average by 76%. An additional exposure to CEAN after rotation eliminated almost completely the adverse effects of rotation and made effective the postrotation work. Due to CEAN parasympathetic reactions of the cardiovascular system typical of the postrotation recovery period were indistinct. These data suggest that CEAN is an effective method to be used to help a rapid recovery of the functional state of the human body during motion sickness. PMID- 3489864 TI - Precision programmable constant direct current electrical stimulator for fracture healing. PMID- 3489865 TI - Electrical treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. AB - Direct electrical current of sufficient magnitude and duration can destroy tissue. This capability may be clinically useful in some cases involving inoperable metastatic lesions. In principle, a tumor could be treated with direct current administered via a percutaneous electrode insulated along its entire length except for the portion actually inserted into the tumor. An animal model was developed to study the effect of direct electrical current on tumor growth. The growth of implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in mice was inhibited following the administration of 2 mA for 1 hr, 1-3 treatments. The effect occurred in both small and large tumors. The results suggest that the electrical technique is potentially useful for treating some tumors. PMID- 3489866 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on experimental granulation tissue. AB - Subcutaneously implanted cylindrical hollow viscose cellulose sponges were used to study the effects of locally applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on developing granulation tissue in rats. In the first set of experiments the test implants were treated with a single injection of a solution containing 5 micrograms of EGF in 0.5% albumin while the control implants were treated correspondingly with the carrier solution only. In the second set of experiments the injections of both test and control implants were repeated daily. Analyses of wound fluid and granulation tissue in the sponge cylinders were carried out 10 days after implantation. After single application of EGF no essential differences were detected in wound fluid prostaglandin E2 levels or various components of granulation tissue between the groups. After daily application, however, a stimulatory effect of EGF on granulation tissue formation was observed: cellularity increased, as evidenced by the elevated amounts of nucleic acids, and accumulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycans was enhanced. PMID- 3489867 TI - Early and late results of coronary endarterectomy. Analysis of 3,369 patients. AB - The effectiveness of coronary revascularization has been questioned in patients with diffuse coronary disease. Over a 14 year period (1970 to 1984), 30,464 patients underwent surgical revascularization at our institution. Coronary artery bypass alone was done in 27,095 patients and was combined with coronary endarterectomy in 3,369 patients (12.4%). Analysis of preoperative variables revealed an increased incidence of male sex, diabetes mellitus, low ejection fraction (less than 30) and multiple vessel disease in patients requiring endarterectomy. The early results after revascularization indicated a small increase in surgical risk after endarterectomy. The 30 day mortality for bypass alone was 2.6% versus 4.4% for coronary endarterectomy (p less than 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of operative risk: ejection fraction less than 30%, reoperation, age, absence of hyperlipidemia, endarterectomy, and female sex. Early mortality was significantly increased by endarterectomy in the left anterior descending coronary artery (8.5%) compared to endarterectomy in arteries other than the left anterior descending (4.2%) (p less than 0.01). In a sample of 4,473 patients, myocardial complications were also found to be increased after coronary endarterectomy. The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing bypass alone was 2.6% versus 5.4% for patients undergoing bypass plus endarterectomy (p less than 0.01). Both fatal and nonfatal cardiac arrests increased (bypass alone, 1.7%; endarterectomy, 3.5%; p less than 0.01). This suggests the failure mode of unsuccessful endarterectomy. Early mortality after coronary endarterectomy decreased substantially from 1970-1976 (6.4%) to 1977-1984 (3.5%; p less than 0.01). Actuarial analysis at 5 years and longer has shown very little difference in the long-term survival rate (coronary bypass, 90%; coronary endarterectomy, 86%), freedom from angina (coronary artery bypass, 58%; coronary endarterectomy, 52%), and freedom from reoperation (coronary artery bypass, 97%; coronary endarterectomy, 98%). Despite the small increase in surgical risk, the early and late results support the selective application of coronary endarterectomy in patients with diffuse distal disease and demonstrate the beneficial long-term effects. PMID- 3489869 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis, a multisystemic disease?]. PMID- 3489868 TI - Age-related RNA polymerase I activity in isolated nuclei of PHA stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - In order to extend to the immune system previous findings that there is an age related loss of hybridizability of the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in several tissues of mice, dogs and humans, we have investigated the function of the genes for rRNA in human T lymphocytes. These cells were chosen because they show a substantial decline in function with age, greater than that of other components of the immune system. rRNA synthesis was determined by measuring tritiated-UTP incorporation into acid precipitable counts as a result of the action of RNA polymerase I in nuclei isolated from phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral-blood lymphocytes from 24 young adult and old human donors. The number of PHA-responsive cells from each donor was determined by counting grains in autoradiographs after a pulse of tritiated-uridine had been administered to them. The aggregate PHA induced synthesis of rRNA in the cultures decreased as a function of the age of the donor. However, the number of PHA-responsive cells also dropped with age. When the data are normalized for the number of PHA responsive cells in each culture, it appears that rRNA synthesis per PHA responding cell does not significantly decline with age, even though there is a suggestion of a decrease after corrections are made. On the average, differences between individuals of the same age group were as great or greater than age related differences. PMID- 3489870 TI - Pharmacological properties of droxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. AB - Droxicam showed high antiinflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced edema in rat. At doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, droxicam was as active as piroxicam and more active than phenylbutazone given at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. Against nystatin-induced edema, droxicam (ED50, p.o., 5, 6, 7, 8 h: 7.5, 12.9, 4.8, 8.4 mg/kg) was 4-11 times more active than phenylbutazone and more than 12 times more active than isoxicam. In cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats, title compound was as active as suprofen. In U.V. light-induced erythema in guinea pigs, droxicam (ED50, p.o., 1, 2, 3, 4 h: 0.51, 0.94, 1.56, 4.88 mg/kg) was 5-9 times more active than phenylbutazone. At doses of 0.1, 0.33 and 1.0 mg/kg/day, droxicam, similar to piroxicam, showed good antiarthritic activity in rats injected with Mycobacterium butyricum against primary and secondary lesions. Droxicam demonstrated strong analgesic activity in protecting against writhings: induced by phenylbenzoquinone in mice: ED50: droxicam = 5.3, phenylbutazone = 61.5, acetylsalicylic acid = 90.7, dipyrone = 83.6, isoxicam = 88.3 mg/kg, p.o.; induced by acetylcholine bromide in mice: ED50: droxicam = 1.1, phenylbutazone = 32.1, acetylsalicylic acid = 32.2, isoxicam = 32.7 mg/kg, p.o.; induced by acetic acid in rat: ED50: droxicam = 0.94, acetylsalicylic acid = 8.72, isoxicam = 4.70 mg/kg, p.o. Antipyretic activity of title compound was demonstrated in rats with pyresis induced by brewer's yeast, being 4-13 times more active than dipyrone. In pyresis induced by Salmonella typhi, droxicam was more active than acetylsalicylic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine at all times and doses. In a study of protection against diarrhea induced by castor oil in rats, droxicam and piroxicam showed equal activity (ED50 = 0.081 and 0.079 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) and were 3.9 and 15.6 times more active than isoxicam and phenylbutazone, respectively. Droxicam significantly inhibited peritoneal capillary permeability in mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg, p.o., while isoxicam and phenylbutazone required 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Droxicam did not exhibit uricosuric activity in rats. It did not show cardiovascular or respiratory effects in anesthetized cats, nor modify their response to administration of acetylcholine, norepinephrine and histamine. In the Irwin's test, droxicam did not alter rat behavior (80 mg/kg, i.p.) nor that of mice (160 mg/kg, p.o.). Induction of gastrointestinal injuries in rats by droxicam was 10 times less than by piroxicam (UD50: droxicam, 57 mg/kg, p.o.; piroxicam, 5.6 mg/kg, p.o.). The potentiation of gastric injuries induced by stress through cold in rats was also studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3489871 TI - [Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]. AB - Every ninth patient with a previous history of vertigo at the ENT Hospital of the University of Freiburg suffers from BPPV. The incidence, some important pathogenetic factors and the clinical picture of BPPV are discussed. In young men posttraumatic aetiology dominates, whereas idiopathic BPPV prevails in perimenopausal women. The affected ear tends to be hard of hearing in the high frequencies and is sometimes hypoexcitable by caloric stimulation. The diagnosis is best made by personal examination with Frenzel's glasses in darkness. Electronystagmography, brainstem evoked response audiometry, and CT scanning are of no particular value in confirming the diagnosis of BPPV. PMID- 3489872 TI - [Significance of postrotatorius II within the scope of the rotatory test]. AB - In 68 patients suffering from acute unilateral vestibular disorders 168 electronystagmograms could be analysed paying special attention to the nystagmographic reactions in the second postrotatory period. When the postrotatorius II was directed to the affected side (in 25% of our cases) this was an indication for an advanced extent of central compensation in the electronystagmogram. There was a good correlation between the postrotatorius II and the other nystagmographic reactions in the per- and postrotatory periods. However, the occurrence of the postrotatorius II agreed neither with the results of the vestibulo-spinal tests (Romberg, Unterberger) nor with the nystagmus findings observed with Frenzel's glasses. In many cases a latent spontaneous nystagmus could be detected with the postrotatorius II. Including the second postrotatory period in the evaluation of the electronystagmograms provides additional information permitting a much better assessment of the extent of central compensation. PMID- 3489873 TI - Myofacial pain dysfunction: analysis of 476 patients. AB - Myofacial Pain Dysfunction (MPD) is a musculoskeletal dysfunction involving malrelationship among the neuromuscular system, temporomandibular joints, and dental occlusion. The illness affects children and adults of all ages and both sexes. Patients complain of pain and/or dysfunction in the mandible, temporomandibular joints, ears, oral cavity, head, and neck. Electronic measurement of mandibular movement and associated muscle function now provide reproducible data with which the parameters of this illness and therapy can be designed and monitored. In this study, data are presented on 476 MPD patients. Included are statistics on the most commonly occurring symptoms, clinical examination findings, and electronic test data before and following treatment. The mandibular kinesiograph (MKG) is used to track mandibular movement and compare the natural dental occlusal position and a neuromuscularly balanced position of occlusion. Electromyography (EMG) is used to analyze the resting status of mandibular muscles and the functioning in the occlusal position. The data show a positive correlation between the clinical symptoms of MPD and unhealthy mandibular position at occlusion, accompanied by specific unhealthy muscle activity. There is a strong positive correlation between a therapeutic change in the dental occlusion to a neuromuscularly healthy position using a precision orthotic appliance and the relief of symptoms within 1 month as expressed by 88% of the patients. A similar correlation exists at 3 months and long-term. PMID- 3489874 TI - Activating and 'anxiogenic' effects of corticotropin releasing factor are not inhibited by blockade of the pituitary-adrenal system with dexamethasone. AB - Central administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in rats produces pituitary-adrenal activation and a variety of "anxiogenic-like" effects. The present study was designed to explore the contribution of the peripheral pituitary-adrenocortical axis in mediating these CRF responses. Intraventricularly administered CRF produced suppression of responding in the conflict test and a marked locomotor activation. Neither behavioral effect was altered by the prior administration of dexamethasone in a dose that blocked pituitary-adrenal activation to CRF. These results support the hypothesis that behavioral effects of CRF are mediated by its action at central sites and not via an action on the pituitary-adrenocortical system. PMID- 3489875 TI - "In vivo" visualization by positron emission tomography of the progressive striatal dopamine receptor damage occurring in MPTP-intoxicated non-human primates. AB - Intravenous administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) leads to the progressive development of a model of Parkinson's disease in the primate. The development of damage occurring in the striatal area during MPTP treatment was followed "in vivo" in a baboon by positron emission tomography (PET). Spiperone labelled with a positron emitter 76Br (76Br-BSP) was used for the quantitative "in vivo" imaging of D2 dopamine receptors. The decrease in the striatal binding of 76Br-BSP measured "in vivo", after three series of MPTP injections, paralleled the increase in the severity of behavioral symptoms seen immediately after administration of the neurotoxin. At the end of the MPTP treatment when neurological symptoms were the most important, a 36% decrease in the 76Br-BSP specific binding was measured. Between the series of MPTP injections a partial recovery in the quantitative measurement of the 76Br-BSP specific binding occurring in the striatum was well correlated with the disappearance of the neurological syndrome. Post-mortem histological and biochemical studies in nigro-striatal anatomical structures of MPTP-intoxicated primates compared with control animals showed a 80% loss of neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra compacta and a 42% decrease in the density (Bmax) of D2 receptors (in vitro 3H spiperone binding). All these results showed that the use of PET and 76Br-BSP allow to follow in a noninvasive way both the degenerative processes and the subsequent partial recovery which occur in dopaminergic striatal receptor function during MPTP-treatment. PMID- 3489876 TI - Fluoxetine-induced attenuation of amphetamine self-administration in rats. AB - Daily injections of fluoxetine (5.0 mg/kg i.p.) to rats trained to self administer intravenous d-amphetamine produced marked decreases in drug intake on three successive days of treatment. After fluoxetine injections were stopped, the number of daily amphetamine self-injections was still significantly reduced for an additional 2 days. When trained amphetamine self-administration animals were placed in an apparatus which delivered i.v. saline with each lever press, increased self-injection is observed. Acute fluoxetine injection did not alter this response. However, if fluoxetine is given prior to amphetamine exposure for 1 day and animals are then tested for the saline response, lever pressing activity is significantly reduced. These data might suggest that 5 hydroxytryptaminergic neurons mediate some aversive or negative reinforcing property of amphetamine. If true, this finding could be exploited clinically in cases of human psychomotor stimulant addiction. PMID- 3489877 TI - Pertussis immunization: two centuries of controversy. PMID- 3489878 TI - [Effect of detector sensitivity on the accuracy of results of radionuclide kidney studies]. AB - In the course of both kidney gammachronography with an isolated detector and kidney scintigraphy with a gamma camera the detector volume sensitivity is calculated. Mathematical model of the kidney is described as a set of superimposed linear-circular cylinders. Based on the CT examinations a cylinder radius and a thickness of soft tissues attenuating gamma radiation are derived. The detector volume sensitivity is found to change up to 34% in kidney gammachronography and up to 22% in kidney scintigraphy when using low power radionuclides. PMID- 3489881 TI - Cell surface IgG subclasses. PMID- 3489882 TI - Hepatic and renal involvement in malformation syndromes. PMID- 3489880 TI - The IgG4 subclass. PMID- 3489879 TI - The LAV/HTLV-III virus may evade elimination by the immune system by inducing low zone tolerance to itself. AB - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the LAV/HTLV-III virus. The incubation period for AIDS is prolonged and on the order of years. We hypothesize that during this prolonged incubation period the LAV/HTLV-III virus is replicating very slowly and is present in extremely low concentrations. The concentrations of the virus may be low enough that the virus induces a low zone tolerance to itself in the T-cell arm of the immune system. B-cells which are resistant to direct low dose tolerance induction may remain responsive to the LAV/HTLV-III virus in a direct fashion without specific helper T-cells. Thus, anti-LAV/HTLV-III antibody may be produced even though the more important cellular immune response has been crippled by the virus. We also outline two hypothetical approaches for breaking this tolerance and restoring the cellular immune response to the LAV/HTLV-III virus. PMID- 3489883 TI - Biopsies of the lung and bronchial wall by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 75 patients with sarcoidosis in Turkey. PMID- 3489884 TI - Estrogen effects on basal bile-pancreatic secretion and the exocrine-endocrine pancreatic gland in the rat. PMID- 3489886 TI - Vascular pancreatitis: a neglected disorder. PMID- 3489885 TI - The value of colonoscopy in the diagnosis and management of severe hematochezia. PMID- 3489887 TI - Bronchopleural fistula: pulmonary changes in a neonate. PMID- 3489888 TI - Pneumonia presenting as a radiographic mass in a child. PMID- 3489889 TI - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum following inhalation of alkaloidal cocaine and emesis: case report and review. PMID- 3489890 TI - Anal melanoma: case report and review. PMID- 3489891 TI - Ileal endometriosis causing acute small-bowel obstruction. PMID- 3489892 TI - Improved motor response due to chronic electrical stimulation of denervated tibialis anterior muscle in humans. AB - Nine patients with complete denervation of the tibialis anterior were admitted to a stimulation program in order to restore dorsiflexion of the foot. Best results were obtained with pulses of 20-msec pulse width and 20-msec interval. After 3 weeks of training for 2 X 20 min/day, dorsiflexion due to stimulation was increased in all patients. In some of them, gait could be improved during the swing phase using electrical stimulation. The applied training program thus reversed the course of disuse atrophy and proved the feasibility of functional electrical stimulation for patients with denervated muscles. PMID- 3489893 TI - Coronary angioscopy in patients with unstable angina pectoris. AB - To visualize intracoronary lesions in patients with different clinical expressions of coronary disease, we performed coronary angioscopy during coronary artery bypass surgery in 10 patients with unstable angina and 10 patients with stable coronary disease. We examined a total of 32 vessels, using flexible fiberoptic angioscopes. Twenty-two vessels had no acute intimal lesion; three had complex plaques, six had thrombi, and one had both. Coronary angiography correctly identified the absence of complex plaque and thrombus in 22 vessels, but it detected only one of four complex plaques and one of seven thrombi. On angioscopy, none of the 17 arteries in the patients with stable coronary disease had either a complex plaque or thrombus. In the "offending" arteries of the patients with unstable angina, all three patients with accelerated angina had complex plaques and all seven with angina at rest had thrombi. We conclude that angioscopy frequently reveals complex plaques or thrombi not detected by coronary angiography. Our observations suggest that anginal syndromes that are refractory to medical treatment can be caused by unstable pathologic processes in the intima. Ulceration of plaques may increase the frequency and severity of effort angina, and the subsequent development of partially occlusive thrombi may cause unstable rest angina. PMID- 3489894 TI - Surface charges influence the distances between vestibular stereovilli. PMID- 3489895 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass surgery in impending myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3489896 TI - [Severe anal blood loss; how to proceed?]. PMID- 3489897 TI - [Genetic counseling in the adrenogenital syndrome caused by 2I-hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 3489898 TI - Epidermal growth factor inhibits thymidine incorporation in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. AB - The effects of in vivo injection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors have been studied. Epidermal growth factor was rapidly distributed, reached tumor cells and recognized specific cell membrane receptors. The effects of the subcutaneous injection of EGF were manifested by a decrease of measurable membrane receptors and inhibition of thymidine incorporation to TCA insoluble material. The effect on thymidine incorporation was dose-dependent and independent on the source (murine or human) of EGF. These results suggest that high doses of EGF could eventually be used for inhibition of the cell proliferation in some tumors. PMID- 3489899 TI - [Facilitation of suicide motivation and suicidal behavior by fictional models. Sequelae of the television series "Death of a student"]. PMID- 3489900 TI - [Suicide in inpatient psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 3489901 TI - [Choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine angle. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. AB - Choroid plexus papillomas of the cerebellopontine angle are quite rare. Up to date, 19 cases surgically removed have been reported (table I). We describe the case of a 25 year old man with a choroid plexus papilloma (C.P.P.) who presented only two syncopes in the interval of 4 months. A computed tomographic scan revealed a calcified right extra-axial tumor occupying the cerebellopontine angle and a moderate degree of obstructive hydrocephalus. A vertebral angiogram showed that the tumor was avascular. A right suboccipital craniectomy was performed and the mass was excised in totality. The patient was discharged from hospital 2 weeks after surgery. 10 months later, neurological findings were normal. Histological examination exhibited a typical papilloma of the choroid plexus. The differential diagnosis of tumors in the C.P.P. angle is discussed. Total surgical excision in the treatment of choice. Radiation therapy could be used when the resection is incomplete. PMID- 3489902 TI - Naltrexone induces melanocyte-stimulating hormone release and degenerative changes in pituitary innervation in amphibians. AB - Adult Rana pipiens (common frog) were treated with the long-acting opiate antagonist drug naltrexone hydrochloride to study potential effects of an opiate receptor block on release of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides from the pituitary intermediate lobe. The melanophore response of the animals was used to assess relative release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Animals were adapted to a light background, then injected with 20 or 50 mg/kg naltrexone for up to 3.5 days. All drug-treated animals showed increased release of MSH while on the light background while controls remained light-adapted. Ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of naltrexone-treated frogs revealed nerve fibers containing myelin figures, swelling of neurovesicles, and abnormal membrane components indicative of degenerative changes. The observations suggest that naltrexone has a damaging effect on pituitary innervation, and that MSH release may be the result of loss of neuroregulation from the normally inhibitory innervation. The findings are in agreement with our earlier studies in rats, which also demonstrated degenerative changes induced by naltrexone in intermediate lobe innervation. The long-acting antagonist may therefore have a "neurotoxic" effect after multiple injections or chronic use. PMID- 3489903 TI - Lumbar synovial or ganglion cysts. AB - Most reports regarding synovial cysts of the spinal canal have been presentations identifying an unusual pathological entity that is to be included in the differential diagnosis of cauda equina compression syndromes. Most of the 26 cases reported represent isolated examples of this pathological process. We present five cases of lumbar synovial cysts encountered in our practice in the past 8 years. Patients with lumbar synovial cysts do not demonstrate any predictable clinical picture. They may present with a unilateral sciatica or neurogenic claudication. Lumbar extension is usually restricted, whereas flexion is full. Mechanical signs of nerve root entrapment or lumbosacral plexus irritation are unimpressive. Neurological deficits are usually mild, if present. Radiological findings include degenerative spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and a rounded posterolateral extradural mass of low attenuation value adjacent to a facet shown on computed tomographic scan. The etiology of lumbar synovial cysts is not known. Histological findings of myxoid degeneration, microcystic change, calcification, and hemosiderin deposits suggest that chronic microtrauma with occasional focal hemorrhage may play a major role in the etiology of the cysts. With resection of the cyst, the postoperative course is usually uneventful. Recurrences have not yet been encountered in our patients. PMID- 3489904 TI - Distal cervical carotid dissection after carotid endarterectomy: a complication of indwelling shunt? AB - Technical factors and surgical techniques in carotid endarterectomy remain a controversial subject. The use of an indwelling arterial shunt has theoretical advantages in assuring intraoperative hemispheric perfusion and affording a more relaxed surgical environment. There has been little clinical demonstration, however, of superior results with carotid shunting. Although champions of routine shunting argue that it is a benign protective intervention, the possibilities of distal embolization or intimal disruption exist. The authors report a case of cervical carotid dissection far distal to the operative site that they postulate resulted from intimal disruption after routine shunt placement. This devastating complication from an otherwise benign procedure prompts reconsideration of the benefits and risks of routine shunt placement. PMID- 3489905 TI - Choroid plexus carcinoma. Report of a case with positron emission tomographic study. PMID- 3489906 TI - Variability and functional recovery in the N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine model of parkinsonism in monkeys. AB - Fourteen macaque monkeys were injected intravenously with N-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. All developed the cardinal signs of parkinsonism (akinesia, rigidity, etc.) in varying degrees; some required repeated series of injections of the drug, while others developed the syndrome readily after the first series. Most of the subjects that were kept for longer than 4 weeks after the first dose of the drug showed complete or partial recovery after that time. Measurement, in some of the subjects, of the neostriatal levels of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed the expected depletion of these substances at the peak of the behavioral action of the drug, but no recovery when the animals had returned to, or near, pre-drug behavioral status. No firm conclusion can be reached at this time as to the reasons for the behavioral recovery or the variability of the effects of the drug across subjects. PMID- 3489908 TI - [Arrhythmias in the rehabilitation period after myocardial revascularization surgery by aortocoronary bypass. Efficacy of anti-arrhythmia therapy with propafenone]. PMID- 3489909 TI - [Complications after removal of the saphenous vein for aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 3489907 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging using N,N,N' trimethyl-N'-(2 hydroxy-3-methyl-5-123I-iodobenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine 2 HCl (HIPDM): intractable complex partial seizures. AB - HIPDM-SPECT brain imaging was performed in four patients with intractable complex partial seizures (CPS). Three patients had an epileptogenic focus in one temporal lobe and underwent anterior temporal lobectomy. Interictal HIPDM-SPECT demonstrated decreased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) in the epileptogenic area in only one patient, but ictal studies showed increased rCP in the epileptic foci of all three patients. In the fourth patient, interictal HIPDM-SPECT showed increased rCP in the area of epileptogenic focus; when antiepileptic medication was taken, rCP decreased. HIPDM-SPECT brain imaging is useful for localizing epileptogenic foci in CPS. PMID- 3489910 TI - [Intermediate digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3489913 TI - Maternal and fetal mortality in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3489911 TI - Systemic administration of antioxidants does not protect mice against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). AB - We examined whether DA neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can be prevented by combined systemic administration of antioxidants. C57 black mice were injected s.c. with MPTP (30 mg/kg), once daily for two days, alone, or with ascorbic acid (1 g/kg), alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg), or dimethylsulfoxide (50 microliters) i.p. for two days before, two days with and two days after MPTP, and decapitated 30 days later. MPTP once (30 mg/kg), alone, or with ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg) or cysteamine (75 mg/kg), two days before, one day with and 4 days after, and decapitated 10 days post-MPTP. MPTP once (15 mg/kg), alone, or with ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg, alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg), cysteamine (50 mg/kg) or sodium selenite (2.5 mg/kg), 90 min before and again 90 min after MPTP, and decapitated 7 days later. In all experiments, the marked striatal DA depletions produced by MPTP alone (by 40-70% from controls) were unchanged by cotreatments with the various antioxidants. Findings do not favor intraneuronal generation of superoxides and related cytotoxic free radicals as a major factor in the DA neurotoxicity of MPTP. They suggest that if natural Parkinson's disease is caused by an MPTP-like neurotoxin, early treatment with antioxidants is unlikely to protect nigrostriatal neurons and prevent disease progression. PMID- 3489912 TI - Paraquat and two endogenous analogues of the neurotoxic substance N-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine do not damage dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in the mouse. AB - C57 black mice were injected repeatedly with maximal tolerated doses of 4 different chemical analogues of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), or its metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), in order to assess their possible neurotoxicity for dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons and their potential for causing idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The 4 analogues were the herbicide paraquat, reduced paraquat (having two N-methyl-tetrahydropyridine moieties), N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, and 2-methyl-1,2,3,4 tetrahydro-beta-carboline, the latter two compounds being possible endogenous neurotoxins. Contents of striatal dopamine, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection one month after injections were completed, were not depleted by any of these 4 compounds in mice. They might conceivably prove more neurotoxic in primates. PMID- 3489914 TI - [Primary malignant glaucoma]. PMID- 3489915 TI - [Closed-chest ablation of the bundle of His]. PMID- 3489916 TI - [Experience with emergency colorectal surgery]. PMID- 3489917 TI - Posture switching for prolonging functional electrical stimulation standing in paraplegic patients. AB - The presently employed posture for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) assisted standing in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients utilises the active locking of knee joints by tetanically stimulating the quadriceps muscle. The hip joints are in hyperextension and the ankle joints remain free. The upper limbs are used for balancing. This posture requires minimal corrective forces exerted by the hands, the weight is transferred across the legs, while very limited forward-backward sway is permitted. Knee jack-knifing may occur in the instance when the gravity knee bending moment exceeds the moment generated by the quadriceps muscle. Because of these effects and fatiguing of the M. quadriceps the standing time is short, lasting from several minutes up to an hour, depending on the condition of the patient's muscles. Cyclical FES with a duty cycle of 10 20 seconds (on/off) fatigues muscle considerably less. The use of different postures for standing requiring activation of different muscles permits the application of cyclical FES. The cyclic FES results in prolonging standing times by a factor of two to five. Utilising this improvement some patients can stand for up to five hours at a time. This functional achievement is comparable to the standing time of a normal man. The incorporation of the principle of posture switching also prolongs standing in patients with weak muscles, because of the possibility of cyclical coactivation of different synergistic muscle assemblies. It is shown that posture switching can be carried out automatically and that patients adapt quickly to it. In addition using co-contraction of two or three muscles with posture switching does further expand the range of suitable patients and improves standing with an increased permissible range of body sway. Also, the FES antigravity action obtained raises hopes for substantially improving FES induced reciprocal gait. PMID- 3489918 TI - Non-tropical idiopathic splenomegaly and chronic T cell lymphocytosis. AB - Non-tropical idiopathic splenomegaly (NTIS) is thought to predispose to the development of lymphoid neoplasia of B-cell type. We report a case of NTIS that evolved into a T-lymphoproliferative disorder. Review of the literature suggests that this type of evolution is not uncommon. The role of splenectomy in this progression is discussed. PMID- 3489919 TI - Physical and occupational therapy for children with rheumatic diseases. AB - Total management of rheumatic disorders of children includes antiinflammatory drugs, active therapy, maintenance of ADLs, and attention to the psychosocial development of the child. This article focuses on the role that physical and occupational therapists play in the management of children with arthritis. The complexity of the problems of these children necessitates a multidisciplinary team approach, with professionals who are committed to helping the child lead as normal a life as possible. This objective can be accomplished only by teaching families and school personnel how to manage the child's daily therapeutic needs. PMID- 3489920 TI - Failure of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as prophylactic therapy of gram-negative sepsis in pediatric patients with cancer. PMID- 3489921 TI - Management of contacts of children in day care with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3489922 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children]. PMID- 3489923 TI - Nucleotide sequence of pre-pro-von Willebrand factor cDNA. PMID- 3489924 TI - Three-dimensional ROI-based quantification of stress/rest 201Tl myocardial SPECT: presentation of a method. AB - A semiautomated method for three-dimensional quantification of stress/rest 201Tl myocardial SPECT of the left ventricle (LV) is introduced. A total of 33 ringsegment-shaped regions of interest (ROIs) are distributed over 6 oblique (short axis cuts) double-slices (thickness 1.3 cm) from LV apex to base, commencing with 1 ROI for the apex up to 8 ROIs for the base (1-4-4-8-8-8). Within the last two double slices an additional adjacent ROI is automatically placed in the upper right quadrant to observe lung TI-uptake. Correspondence of slices for exercise and rest is achieved by adjusting the long axis outlines rebuilt from summed profiles of 15 oblique slices of each examination. Calculated numeric arrays of the extracted parameters (vitality, washout and redistribution) are displayed in a target-like two-dimensional polar fashion. PMID- 3489925 TI - A comparative study of the brain uptake and early kinetics of 99mTc-dl HM-PAO and other PnAO derivatives in baboons. AB - Derivatives of propylene-amine-oxime (PnAO) have been synthesized which form a neutral lipid-soluble complex with 96mTc and can be supplied as freeze-dried kits. The complexes cross the intact blood-brain barrier. This report shows the brain uptake, early kinetics and biodistribution in normal adult baboons of 5 99mTc-PnAO derivatives and 2 isomers of one of the tested derivatives (HM-PAO). The brain uptake of the favoured dl-isomer of HM-PAO reaches its maximum of 4.3% (whole brain/whole body) 1 min p.i. and a clearance of less than 8% was observed 23 min p.i. PMID- 3489926 TI - Molecular epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type B: failure of rifampin prophylaxis in a day care center. AB - Two of 16 children (14 to 24 months old) in a day care center developed Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) meningitis within a 3-week period. One day after the first child was diagnosed 13 children and 5 personnel received rifampin. Two children received no rifampin because they had received the HIB vaccine. After the second child was diagnosed HIB carriage was detected in 3 of the 15 children and 2 of 43 family members but in none of the caretakers. All seven isolates were biotype 1 but outer membrane protein analysis revealed two strains. One child, who had received rifampin for only 2 days initially, and a sibling of another child carried a common strain. A second strain was recovered from: the first meningitic child; the second meningitic child and another child, both of whom had initially received rifampin (20 mg/kg for 4 days); and one HIB vaccinated child and his father. After the second rifampin administration all carriers were free of HIB. One child who was not treated with rifampin (because he had been vaccinated for HIB) was the apparent source of reinfection for the day care group. These data emphasize that when rifampin prophylaxis is initiated it should be administered to all classroom contacts. PMID- 3489928 TI - Shock in children with gram-negative bacillary sepsis and Haemophilus influenzae type b sepsis. AB - To study the incidence of shock in children in association with gram-negative bacillary (GNB) sepsis and Haemophilus influenzae type b sepsis, we reviewed all episodes of septicemia with those organisms in a 10-month period. GNB were isolated from 10.95% and H. influenzae b from 13.8% of the patients whose blood cultures yielded bacteria. Shock occurred in 12.5% of patients with sepsis caused by GNB and in 10.3% of those with H. influenzae b sepsis. Shock occurred more frequently in patients with H. influenzae b sepsis with meningitis (20.6%) and more commonly in those who had GNB sepsis without meningeal involvement (11.4%). GNB sepsis was associated with severe shock and caused death of three of the four patients. Only one of the five patients with shock caused by H. influenzae b had severe shock and died. The good outcome of patients with sepsis and shock caused by H. influenzae may be related to the health status before illness and prompt appropriate antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3489927 TI - Duration of pharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b in children hospitalized with systemic infections. AB - We prospectively enrolled 38 children with suspected Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) infection to study the duration of pharyngeal carriage of HIB after the initiation of intravenous antibiotics (IVAB). Cultures were obtained on admission and then every 48 hours using antiserum agar plates to detect HIB. The mean age of the patients was 15.8 months (range, 3 months to 4 years). A total of 105 pharyngeal cultures were done on antiserum agar plates. Of 27 cultures done within 24 hours of initiation of IVAB 11 (40.7%) were positive. The mean time from the initiation of IVAB until the time of the first culture was 5.4 hours in the positive vs. 13.0 hours in the negative patients (P = 0.02). Six of 6 children cultured before receiving IVAB and 5 of 32 cultured after one or more doses of IVAB were positive (P = 0.001). One patient was positive after 13 doses of IVAB, but his organism was resistant to the antibiotics given. Reculture 48 hours after the initiation of an effective antimicrobial was negative. Thirty three patients had more than one culture obtained, but no child had more than one positive culture. HIB was not recovered from throat culture of any child beyond 14 hours of IVAB. Administration of an effective antimicrobial for 24 hours is sufficient to suppress colonization with HIB. PMID- 3489929 TI - Haemophilus in Fairfax County. PMID- 3489930 TI - Possible mechanisms of positive inotropic action of synthetic human calcitonin gene-related peptide in isolated rat atrium. AB - The effect of synthetic human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) on the isolated and electrically driven left atria of rats were investigated. The peptide at concentrations of 3 X 10(-9)-3 X 10(-7) M produced positive inotropic effects on the left atria in a dose-dependent manner. Verapamil (10(-5) M) and adenosine (10(-4) M) reduced the positive inotropic effect of hCGRP at concentrations of 3 X 10(-9) and 3 X 10(-8) M, but not at that of 3 X 10(-7) M. Ouabain (5 X 10(-5) M) inhibited the effect of hCGRP in concentrations of 3 X 10( 7) and 3 X 10(-8) M, but not in that of 3 X 10(-9) M. Simultaneous pretreatment with verapamil (10(-5) M) and ouabain (5 X 10(-5) M) suppressed the positive inotropy by hCGRP at all concentrations tested. On the other hand, tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) potentiated only the positive inotropic effect of 3 X 10(-7) M hCGRP. Metoprolol (10(-7) M) and theophilline (10(-3) M) did not affect the inotropic effect of hCGRP. These results suggest that the positive inotropic effect of hCGRP is not mediated by beta-adrenoceptors but by two distinct mechanisms of action, which was inhibited by verapamil but not by ouabain (facilitation of Ca++ influx in lower concentrations of hCGRP) and which was blocked by ouabain but not by verapamil and potentiated by tetrodotoxin (inhibition of Na+/Ca++ exchange mechanism at higher concentrations of hCGRP). PMID- 3489931 TI - Synthesis and some biological properties of 2-xanthonylalkyl-(alkoxy) carboxylic acids. AB - 2-Xanthonylacetic acids 5a-5d and alpha-methyl-2-xanthonyloxyacetic acid 8 were obtained as potential anti-inflammatory compounds. Preliminary evaluation was carried out for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of acids 5a, 5c and 5d and for inhibition of blood platelets aggregation by compounds 5a-5d and 8. In the inhibition of carrageenin-induced rat edema the highest activity shown by acids 5a and 5c was similar to that of ketoprofen. PMID- 3489932 TI - Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological screening of 4-methylamino-2 phenylquinoline-3-carboxamides. AB - Eight new 4-methylamino-2-phenylquinoline-3-carboxamides were obtained. Three of them were screened pharmacologically and all turned out to be antiinflammatory, analgesic and sedative compounds. Their properties were compared to those of indomethacin and pethidine. PMID- 3489933 TI - Diagnostic neuroimaging in stroke. The complementary roles of referring physician and neuroradiologist. AB - The number and sophistication of neuroimaging methods for identifying location, size, type, and causes of stroke or stroke-like syndromes have expanded rapidly. In acute stroke, computed tomography is used to distinguish between nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic infarction and to eliminate several potential alternative diagnoses. Cerebral angiography can identify surgically treatable lesions in patients experiencing transient ischemic attacks and thus aid in preventing stroke. The superb sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging has opened new vistas in the ongoing investigation of multiinfarct dementia and small infarcts in neurologically "noneloquent" regions of the brain. The more complete the referring physician's clinical and neurologic workup, the more able is the neuroradiologist to structure and coordinate the safest, fastest, and most cost effective plan of neuroimaging to diagnose a patient's neurologic problem. PMID- 3489934 TI - One year later. The aftermath of coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3489935 TI - Risk factors for definite hypertension: cross-sectional and prospective analyses of two Italian rural cohorts. AB - Risk factors for definite hypertension were examined using data from two Italian rural cohorts from the Seven Countries Study, originally composed of 1,712 men ages 40-59 at entry. Two approaches were used: cross-sectional examination of baseline exposure/outcome measurements; and prospective examination of data, correlating baseline measurements with subsequent definite hypertension, diagnosed at the 10-year follow-up exam. Hypertension was defined as diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg. Included in the cross-sectional analysis were 1,437 subjects free from other cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Of these, 590 were included in the prospective analysis. Using a multiple logistic function that did not include baseline (normal) blood pressure, age, pulse rate, and weight were confirmed as risk factors for hypertension both cross-sectionally and prospectively, thus suggesting that bias cannot explain the relationship of hypertension to these factors. Although proteinuria and vital capacity were associated with hypertension in the cross-sectional analysis, no such relationships were detected prospectively, thus implying that these factors are effects, rather than determinants, of definite hypertension. Smoking had a negative prospective (but not cross-sectional) association with hypertension, which can probably be explained by survival bias at 10 years after ascertainment of smoking habits. When mean baseline blood pressure was added to the prospective multiple logistic function, it became the only factor significantly associated with hypertension (P less than 0.001), again confirming the importance of "tracking" in the determination of hypertension. PMID- 3489937 TI - Stable integration of mouse DNA into Ia-negative human B-lymphoma cells causes reexpression of the human Ia-positive phenotype. AB - RJ 2.2.5, a variant of the human B-lymphoma cell line Raji, does not express the HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP class II (or Ia) histocompatibility antigens, as a result of a defect in the transcription of the corresponding genes. This defect is corrected after fusion of RJ 2.2.5 cells with mouse Ia-positive cells. Previous work showed that the trans-acting transcriptional activator supplied by the mouse cells is encoded by a locus on mouse chromosome 16. We show here that reexpression of human major histocompatibility complex class II genes by RJ 2.2.5 cells can also be achieved by stable integration of mouse genomic sequences into the RJ 2.2.5 genome after DNA-mediated gene transfer. PMID- 3489936 TI - Myristylation site in Pr65gag is essential for virus particle formation by Moloney murine leukemia virus. AB - It was previously reported that the gag proteins of mammalian type C retroviruses are modified by the addition of myristate to the N-terminal glycine residue. We have performed oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to change this glycine codon in the Moloney murine leukemia virus genome to an alanine codon and also to specifically delete the glycine codon. Upon transfection into mammalian cells, these mutant genomes direct the synthesis of gag proteins, but these proteins are not myristylated. The mutants do not form virus particles or any recognizable virus-specific structures visible in thin sections with the electron microscope. Further, the mutant gag proteins appear to remain in the cytosol, whereas the wild type is found principally in particulate fractions of the cell. The results are consistent with the theory that myristate is required for the association of the gag protein with the plasma membrane and that this association is necessary for virus assembly. PMID- 3489938 TI - Isolation and characterization of a primitive interleukin-1-like protein from an invertebrate, Asterias forbesi. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is the major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages and other related cells. It acts as the molecular orchestrator of nonspecific host defense mechanisms against multifarious insults. In this study we report the characterization of an IL-1-like protein from the starfish Asterias forbesi. IL-1-like activity was found in the coelomocytes of this invertebrate and was also isolated and purified from the coelomic fluid. The coelomocytes were capable of phagocytosing latex particles and were adherent to plastic tissue culture dishes. Starfish IL-1 stimulated murine thymocyte proliferation directly and to a greater degree in the presence of submitogenic concentrations of concanavalin A. Starfish IL-1 also stimulated fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast protein synthesis. It was found to have a Mr of 29,500 and pI values of 7.5, 5.9, and 4.8. Starfish IL-1 activity was inhibited by an antibody to human IL-1. These characteristics suggest starfish IL-1 to be very similar to murine and human IL-1. The similarities to vertebrate IL-1 considered along with the evolutionary position of the starfish suggest that IL-1 is an important, ancient, and functionally conserved molecule. PMID- 3489940 TI - Isolation and characterization of the cDNA for murine granulocyte colony stimulating factor. AB - A cDNA sequence coding for murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been isolated from a cDNA library prepared with mRNA derived from murine fibrosarcoma NFSA cells, which produce G-CSF constitutively. Identification of murine G-CSF cDNA was based on the cross-hybridization with human G-CSF cDNA under a low-stringency condition. The cDNA can encode a polypeptide consisting of a 30-amino acid signal sequence, followed by a mature G-CSF sequence of 178 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 19,061. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of murine G-CSF cDNA were 69.3% and 72.6% homologous, respectively, to the corresponding sequences of human G-CSF cDNA. The murine G CSF cDNA, when introduced into monkey COS cells under the simian virus 40 promoter, could direct the synthesis of a protein that can stimulate the granulocyte colony formation from mouse bone marrow cells and support the proliferation of murine NFS-60 myeloid leukemia cells. PMID- 3489939 TI - Tumor necrosis factor type alpha stimulates human endothelial cells to produce granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF-alpha) is produced by monocytes and has been purified, sequenced, and cloned from the HL-60 cell line. Soluble products of monocytes stimulate endothelial cells to release multilineage hematopoietic colony-stimulating activity. To determine whether TNF-alpha could stimulate endothelial cells to produce these activities, we added recombinant human TNF alpha to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Untreated endothelial cell conditioned medium and TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelial cell conditioned medium were tested for hematopoietic colony stimulating activity in colony forming assays in methylcellulose. TNF-alpha stimulated growth factor production by endothelial cells. Fifth-passage human endothelial cells and multiply-passaged bovine aortic endothelial cells responded similarly to first-passage endothelial cells, indicating that the action of TNF-alpha on endothelial cells is direct and not due to contaminating lymphocytes or monocytes present in the first-passage cultures. To investigate the molecular basis for these findings, polyadenylylated RNA was prepared from the TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells and probed for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor mRNA. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, message was detected. This finding suggests that at least some of the hematopoietic colony-stimulating activity released by the TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells is granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These results demonstrate that a purified monocyte product can stimulate endothelial cells to produce the multilineage growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and extend the role of this immunoregulatory protein to the regulation of hematopoiesis in vitro. PMID- 3489941 TI - Immune responses to H-2Kd antigen expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. AB - A recombinant vaccinia virus (VV-H2Kd-6) containing the coding sequence for the murine major histocompatibility complex class I antigen H-2Kd has been constructed and used to express H-2Kd on the surface of infected cells. Vaccinia expressed H-2Kd has been shown to generate an H-2Kd-specific primary cytotoxic T cell response in mice infected with the recombinant virus and to stimulate an H 2Kd-specific cytotoxic T-cell response in vitro. Cells infected with the recombinant virus acted as targets for specific lysis by appropriate alloreactive cytotoxic T cells, albeit relatively inefficiently when compared with alloreactive recognition and specific lysis of H-2Kd-containing P815 cells. However, H-2Kd expressed by the recombinant virus was recognized efficiently as a restricting element in association with vaccinia virus antigens, while lysis of VV-H2Kd-6-infected L929 (H-2k) cells by CBA/H (H-2k) anti-C3H.OH (H-2KdDk) cytotoxic T cells was comparatively weak. These data suggest that there are quantitative or qualitative differences, or both, between H-2Kd expressed by vaccinia virus and cells of the H-2d haplotype. Qualitative differences have not been demonstrated but cannot be excluded. PMID- 3489942 TI - The double-stranded RNA in Trichomonas vaginalis may originate from virus-like particles. AB - A linear 5.5-kilobase double-stranded RNA, identified in many strains and isolates of the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis in a previous study, is found largely intact in ribonuclease-treated homogenates of the parasite. It can be pelleted with membranes from the homogenate at 12,500 X g and further purified in CsCl buoyant density-gradient centrifugations. The purified sample contains the double-stranded RNA as well as one major protein with an estimated molecular mass of 85 kDa in NaDodSO4/PAGE. Electron microscopic examinations indicated the presence of icosahedral virus-like particles of 33-nm diameter in the purified preparation. The exact location of the virus in T. vaginalis is not clear, except that it is not found in the nuclear fraction and is probably membrane-bound. No free virus can be recovered from the culture medium of T. vaginalis, and no successful infection of virus-free T. vaginalis strains by purified virus has yet been accomplished. There is no viral genomic sequence identifiable in host DNA. So far as we know, it is the first time a double-stranded RNA virus has been identified in a protozoan. PMID- 3489943 TI - Effects of oral dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone on murine autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease. AB - The results from several studies examining the effects of DMSO on autoimmune phenomena have been inconclusive, possibly because of differences in experimental models, treatment regimens and doses employed. In the present investigation, autoimmune strain MRL/lpr, C3H/lpr, and male BXSB mice were placed on a continuous treatment regimen with 3% DMSO or 3% DMSO2 in the drinking water, ad libitum, commencing at 1 to 2 months of age, before spontaneous disease development could be detected. This represented doses of 8-10 g/kg/day of DMSO and 6-8 g/kg/day of DMSO2. Both compounds were observed to extend the mean life span of MRL/lpr mice from 5 1/2 months to over 10 months of age. All strains showed decreased antinuclear antibody responses and significant diminution of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and anemia development. Serum IgG levels and spleen IgM antibody plaque formation, however, did not differ from control values. There was no indication of involvement of systemic immunosuppressive or antiproliferative effects, and treated animals were observed to remain healthy and vigorous with no signs of toxicity. These results demonstrate that high doses of both DMSO and its major in vivo metabolite, DMSO2, provide significant protection against the development of murine autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease. Possible mechanisms of protection are discussed. PMID- 3489944 TI - Mechanisms for the TMB-8 block of mechanical responses in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3489945 TI - Microinjection of a vasopressin antagonist into the ventral septal area: effects on interleukin-1 fever. PMID- 3489946 TI - From urogastrone to epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3489947 TI - Epidermal growth factor urogastrone: new targets for the ligand and for its receptor. PMID- 3489948 TI - Species variation in the vascular effects of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone. PMID- 3489950 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation characteristics for altering pain perception. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of conventional low intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) waveform and frequency characteristics on experimentally induced acute pain. Each of 28 male subjects received six forms of TENS and one control treatment during a single testing session. Treatments used one of two waveforms (monophasic or biphasic) and one of three frequencies (30, 60, or 85 Hz) administered to the forearm. Treatment effects were ascertained from alterations in pain-threshold and pain tolerance responses induced by noxious electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral fifth digit. The TENS waveform and frequency had a negligible effect on pain threshold. The results indicated that waveform did not influence pain tolerance significantly. Pain tolerance, however, increased significantly at the frequency of 60 Hz but decreased significantly at both 30 and 85 Hz (p less than .05). We concluded that TENS frequency is an important factor in altering the subjects' perception of experimentally induced pain. PMID- 3489949 TI - In vitro activation and resultant binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA by microsomes from rats fed corn and menhaden oils. AB - Dietary unsaturated fat is required for maximum induction of the hepatic mixed function oxidases (MFO) responsible for activating carcinogens to forms that may bind covalently to DNA. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary fat type and content on the activities of some enzymes involved in activation and detoxification of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Modification of these changes by pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB) was also evaluated. Male rats were fed diet devoid of fat or containing 20% corn oil (CO) or 20% menhaden fish oil (MO) for 4 days. PB induced soluble glutathione S transferase, a detoxifying enzyme, only in rats fed dietary fats. Microsomes from rats fed both types of dietary fat had increased levels of cytochrome P-450 (P 450) and PB induced P-450 only in rats fed these fats. Although ethoxycoumarin O dealkylase was significantly elevated in the MO group, the induction by PB was not dependent on dietary fat type or level. Dietary fat increased microsome catalyzed in vitro binding of [3H]-B[a]P to calf thymus DNA, especially in response to PB. Menhaden oil depressed B[a]P hydroxylation and PB treatment depressed this activity to the greatest extent in rats fed this diet. When calculated as B[a]P metabolized per unit of P-450, PB seems to induce a P-450 in fat fed animals having lower affinity and capacity for B[a]P hydroxylation and activation than in rats fed the fat-free diet. PMID- 3489951 TI - Cannabis affects the severity of schizophrenic symptoms: results of a clinical survey. AB - Data on the history of cannabis use and a spot urine test for cannabinoids were obtained for 137 schizophrenics in treatment. Subjects who were using cannabis during the 6-month observation period presented with a significantly higher degree of delusional and hallucinatory activity than those who did not. Moreover, the group using cannabis made a higher average number of visits to the hospital during the same period. The status of cannabis use appeared to contribute to such variance more than did other relevant factors (age, stage of the illness, amount of medication prescribed, occasional use of other psychoactive substances). PMID- 3489952 TI - Patterns of psychiatric diagnosis in general practice: the Second National Morbidity Survey. AB - Multidimensional scaling, in the form of principal coordinates analysis and two way correspondence analysis, is used to illustrate inter-practice variation in patterns of psychiatric diagnoses provided by data from the longitudinal file of the Second National Morbidity Survey. The results strongly support the view that general practitioners' diagnostic habits should be validated before their records are used to provide data on 'official' estimates of psychiatric morbidity. It is recommended that, whatever the quality of the data, large tables of official socio-economic or medical statistics should be supplemented by graphical summaries, as they quite often are in France. PMID- 3489953 TI - Application of survival analysis to the inception of dementia. AB - The age at onset of dementia of the Alzheimer, Pick or senile type in relatives of probands with early onset dementia was examined using survival analytical techniques applied to data collected by Sjogren et al. (1952). Female relatives were found to have a higher risk of dementia than males, and there was a deficit of affected brothers compared with fathers of probands. In these comparisons due allowance was made for age at the last observation of each relative. Relatives of probable and definite Pick probands had a higher risk than relatives of probable and definite Alzheimer probands, but the difference was not significant and dementia did not occur at an earlier age to the former group. For the relatives as a whole, and for subgroups of relatives, the risk of dementia increased with age, at least up to age 80. It is hypothesized that the pattern of the age related hazard of dementia is due to the nature of the dementing process; that this slow degenerative process is widespread; and that individual differences in the rate of the process are under the influence of genes. The statistical methods are explained in detail as they have rarely been applied to dementia before, though Chase et al. (1983) have used life tables and survival analysis in testing genetic hypotheses, with an application to Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3489954 TI - The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: a national population survey. AB - Studies employing psychiatric rating instruments administered by lay interviewers need to demonstrate the reliability and validity of subject classification. In a national population study utilizing the short form of the Present State Examination, audiotapes of interviews were used to demonstrate the reliability of ratings. The classification of 'cases' was found to be related to self-reports of nervous trouble and help-seeking for such problems. Associations between the rate of psychiatric disorder and demographic factors were similar to those found in previous community surveys. In general, the method of psychiatric assessment was considered to be satisfactory. Recommendations are made for the monitoring of interviews in similar large-scale investigations. PMID- 3489955 TI - Pulmonary manifestations of AIDS: review of 106 episodes. AB - We reviewed the clinical records and chest radiographs of all patients admitted to our institution between 1982 and 1984 who had pulmonary disease and who were later proved to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (95 patients). Diffuse parenchymal lung disease was the most common finding. These infiltrates were usually interstitial and caused by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or P. carinii combined with cytomegalovirus infection. Focal, multilobar, interstitial infiltrates were also often seen and usually caused by P. carinii or P. carinii and cytomegalovirus infections. Rarely, well-defined, multiple, interstitial nodules less than 10 mm in diameter were the only or predominant characteristic and were seen only in association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Cryptococcus neoformans infections or Kaposi sarcoma. Hilar or mediastinal adenopathy occurred in 17 of the 21 patients with M. tuberculosis or C. neoformans infections. In contrast, only 4% of patients with P. carinii infections presented with these findings. We also found that hilar or mediastinal adenopathy was not significantly associated with peripheral adenopathy. Lung cavitation, pleural effusion, or a normal chest radiograph was uncommon. PMID- 3489956 TI - In vitro enhanced thromboxane B2 release by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages after treatment with human recombinant interleukin 1. AB - Macrophages (M phi) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are cell types that interact with bacterial endotoxin and play key roles in mediating the inflammatory reaction. We examined the ability of rat peritoneal macrophages and human PMNs to synthesize thromboxane A2 (detected as TxB2) in response to human recombinant interleukin 1 (hrIL1). TxB2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cell-free supernatant of cell suspensions after 1 hr incubation at 37 degrees C. TxB2 release by both PMNs and M phis was increased in a dose-dependent manner by hrIL1. PMID- 3489957 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and acetylcholine stimulate exocrine secretion of epidermal growth factor from the rat submandibular gland. AB - The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine on secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) from the rat salivary glands was investigated. VIP in doses of 3 X 10(-10) to 3 X 10(-8) mol/kg per h stimulated secretion of saliva and total output of EGF dose-dependently. Acetylcholine also stimulated salivation and output of EGF. VIP in a dose of 3 X 10(-11) to 3 X 10( 10) mol/kg per h enhanced the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine, but this effect disappeared when the dose of VIP was increased. Adrenalectomy decreased acetylcholine stimulated total output of EGF by approximately 50%, but only by 20% when acetylcholine plus VIP was administered. EGF was localized to the convoluted granular tubules in the submandibular gland, whereas EGF could not be detected in the remaining salivary glands. The results suggest that VIP and acetylcholine cooperate in the control of exocrine secretion from the rat salivary glands. The effect of acetylcholine, however, seems to be partly dependent on circulating catecholamines. PMID- 3489958 TI - Experimental study on the collimator for increasing the resolution of N-isopropyl p-(123I)iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT imaging of the brain. AB - This study was carried out to design a new collimator for the present 123I-IMP SPECT imaging of the brain, which is hindered by the contamination of 124I and 126I. In this study we intended to increase spacial resolution along the transaxial direction and, at the same time, to compensate for the decrease of sensitivity by sacrificing the resolution along the axial direction to some extent. For this purpose, we developed 4 kinds of slat type units; ultrahigh resolution (UHR), high resolution (HR), high sensitivity (HS), and ultrahigh sensitivity (UHS). In practice, either UHR or HR is set to the detector together with either HS or UHS. After testing 4 kinds of combinations, we found that the combination of UHR-HS gave us far better images than those obtained with the conventional medium energy parallel hole collimator and was best suited for 123I IMP SPECT imaging of the brain at present. We are now thinking of fusing these two units together into one collimator. PMID- 3489959 TI - [The radiation protection and the system administration of the cyclotron-PET unit in Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita]. PMID- 3489960 TI - [von Willebrand's disease: diagnostic usefulness of the acetylsalicylic acid tolerance test]. PMID- 3489961 TI - [A prospective study of the early patency of aortocoronary venous grafts]. PMID- 3489962 TI - [Exudative pericarditis developing into a constriction. An echocardiographic follow-up]. PMID- 3489963 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the colon]. PMID- 3489965 TI - Polyamine biosynthesis and monooxygenase enzyme activity in rat liver cirrhosis and regeneration. AB - Chemically induced liver cirrhosis in the rat was associated with an increased biosynthesis of the hepatic polyamines putrescine and spermidine and a reduction in the activities of the cytochrome P-450-associated monooxygenase enzymes aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and ethoxyresorufin O deethylase. These parameters were normalized after a 4-week spontaneous regeneration period. The results suggest an independent regulatory mechanism of polyamine biosynthesis and monooxygenase expression. PMID- 3489964 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3489967 TI - Acute phase response and mastitis in the cow. AB - The levels of three plasma proteins, which are classed as acute phase reactants, were compared in a group of cows which suffered from mastitis with those in a group of cows which were clinically normal. The plasma levels of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and alpha 1 antitrypsin were higher in the cows with mastitis than in normal cows. PMID- 3489966 TI - Specific binding of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor to various cultured cells. AB - Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor from human pancreatic juice bound specifically to cultured cells derived from a variety of human and nonhuman tissues. The binding pattern of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor to various cells was quite different from that of epidermal growth factor, and these two polypeptides did not compete in binding to cultured cells with one another, indicating that the binding site for pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor was distinct from the receptor for epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3489968 TI - Characterisation of the effector cells in antibody-dependent and spontaneous cell mediated cytotoxicity in swine against target cells infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. AB - When porcine peripheral blood leucocytes were fractionated, lymphocytes were the most active effectors in both antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC), although both polymorphs and macrophages showed some activity in ADCC. Adsorption of lymphocytes to antibody-sensitised or unsensitized PK-15-transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) cells caused similar reductions in ADCC and SCMC effector activities. Over 60 per cent of the target-binding lymphocytes were non-specific esterase positive large lymphocytes, which did not form erythrocyte (E)-rosettes, and about 30 per cent were non-specific esterase positive medium sized lymphocytes, which formed low avidity E-rosettes. The remainder were non-specific esterase negative small lymphocytes, some of which formed high avidity E rosettes. None of the eluted lymphocytes stained for surface immunoglobulin and all formed low avidity erythrocyte-antibody rosettes. Porcine killer and natural killer cells resembled in many respects those described in humans and rodents. PMID- 3489969 TI - [Long-term prognosis after AC bypass surgery]. PMID- 3489971 TI - [In vitro activity of the combination of mercurobutal and sodium lauryl sulfate on Trichomonas]. PMID- 3489970 TI - [Anemia in the elderly subject secondary to jejunal vascular malformation. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of normocytic regenerative anemia in two patients aged 84 and 86 respectively were related to gastrointestinal bleeding. Abdominal angiography was negative in both cases. Only laparotomy provided a diagnosis of jejunal vascular malformation with the aid of peroperative endoscopy. Angiodysplasia was diagnosed in one case and capillary hemangioma in the other. In these very old people with very somber prognosis, anemia was corrected by surgery without recurrence after 8 and 10 months respectively. Gastrointestinal malformations are found in about 20 p. 100 of unexplained digestive hemorrhages. In most cases they are localized in the right large bowel, especially in old patients. Jejunal localizations are 7 to 8 times less frequent and have been described in younger patients. Up to now, selective abdominal angiography has been the main diagnostic procedure. We must insist on the value of peroperative endoscopy when angiography is negative. PMID- 3489972 TI - [Research on IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by using a reverse immunoenzymatic technic]. PMID- 3489973 TI - Circulating human leucocyte elastase in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Elastase-inhibitor complex (EIC) levels were determined in EDTA-plasma samples of 40 patients with connective tissue disease by a double antibody immuno-assay technique. In active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), EIC levels were significantly higher than in the normal controls (P less than 10(-8) and fell on remission. The mean EIC level in active RA was significantly greater than in inactive disease (P = 0.0001) but there was no statistically significant difference between the EIC levels in the acute and inactive disease states in SLE (P = 0.49). In active RA, there was a positive correlation between EIC levels and white blood cell count (WBC) but not with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In SLE there was no significant correlation between EIC levels and ESR or WBC. EIC measurement may be useful in the objective assessment of activity in RA. PMID- 3489974 TI - Rheumatoid factors in Ro (SSA) positive and Ro (SSA) negative rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - In this report increased IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors were detected in the saliva of Ro (SSA) rheumatoid arthritis patients by an isotype-specific radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3489976 TI - Further evidence for the B-cell nature of hairy cells: a study with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3489975 TI - HLA-DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. A Swiss collaborative study; final report. Swiss Federal Commission for the Rheumatic Diseases, Subcommission for Research. AB - In two separate Swiss multicenter studies on HLA antigens in rheumatoid arthritis, we found an increase in HLA-DR1 and DR4 and a decrease in HLA-DR5 and DR7, when compared with normal controls. Both seropositivity and latex-titers were inversely related to the presence of DR5 and DR7. There was no relationship with the presence of DR4. No significant relationship was found between HLA antigens and particular features of rheumatoid arthritis such as extraarticular manifestations, prognosis, response to slow-acting antirheumatic drugs, side effects with slow-acting antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 3489977 TI - [Joint manifestations in chronic T-cell lymphocytosis and neutropenia]. AB - The authors report the case of a patient suffering from chronic T-cell lymphocytosis and neutropenia (CTLN), detected from seropositive rheumatoid arthritis with attacks of fever. The distinctive features of CTLN, isolated from other forms of chronic T-cell lymphoid leukemias, are recalled. The frequency and nature of joint signs found during this new hematologic entity are described. PMID- 3489979 TI - A preliminary study of low-dose splenic irradiation for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic and prolymphocytic leukaemias. AB - 21 patients, 18 with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 3 with prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL), all B-lymphocyte origin and with progressive disease, were treated with a regime of low-dose splenic irradiation (SI). All patients experienced a rapid relief of disease-related symptoms. Following SI the total lymphocyte count (TLC) was markedly reduced in 18 patients. Partial to complete regression of splenomegaly occurred in 9 patients. Pre-existing anaemia of production failure type improved in 6 patients and as a result the haemoglobin rose to normal or near normal levels. SI caused the loss of T-, B- and Null lymphocytes, but the loss of B-lymphocytes predominated. CLL/PLL became quiescent for long periods in 9 patients (CLL = 8; PLL = 1) but remained progressive in the other 9, all CLL. SI had no demonstrable effects on TLC, splenomegaly or anaemia in the 3 remaining patients (2 CLL, 1 PLL). The treatment was well tolerated by all, and side effects were almost absent. Transient reduction of neutrophils and platelets occurred commonly. No patient with initially normal neutrophil and platelet counts developed irreversible neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. In view of these effects, the ease of administration and the lack of side effects, further evaluation of low-dose SI, particularly in comparison with other regimes, seems worthwhile. PMID- 3489978 TI - Coexpression of T- and B-markers in a lymphoproliferative disorder. AB - An atypical case of lymphoproliferative disorder in which T- and B-cell antigens were coexpressed in the neoplastic cells is described. The disease was characterised by hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, a low WBC (5 X 10(9)/l) and bone marrow infiltration. The predominant cell population (greater than 70%) comprised lymphoid cells with a range of nuclear irregularities and included some blast cells. 90% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a mature T-helper phenotype (E+, T11+, T3+, T4+, T8-, T6-, TdT-) with coexpression of the specific B-markers B1 and FMC7, in 90% and 50% of cells, respectively. HLA-DR antigens were present in 55% of cells while surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) were detected in less than 10% of cells. Molecular investigations with appropriate probes showed evidence of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement but no rearrangement for the genes of the Ig-heavy and -light chains. Cytogenetic studies revealed a translocation t(10;19) (p12; q13) in all the metaphases analyzed. This case demonstrates that the study of neoplastic cells with a battery of monoclonal antibodies may disclose the existence of a hitherto unrecognised lymphoid cell population with atypical expression of B- and T-cell antigens. On the other hand, the presence of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement indicates that this is a T-cell disorder with the aberrant co-expression of specific B-cell markers. PMID- 3489980 TI - Twin pregnancy and parturition in a patient with the Bernard Soulier syndrome. AB - A patient with the Bernard Soulier Syndrome was successfully delivered of twins. The pregnancy was complicated by slight bleeding from the uterus during the first 8 weeks, by cord prolapse necessitating emergency caesarean section, and by moderate post partum haemorrhage. The management of pregnancy in the Bernard Soulier Syndrome is discussed. PMID- 3489981 TI - Impaired alpha-interferon production and natural killer activity in blood mononuclear cells in myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - The producibility of interferon (IFN)-alpha, which indicates one of the functions of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), was impaired at a high frequency in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, IFN-alpha production in refractory anaemia, which is a subtype of MDS, was almost normal. In contrast, abnormality has not been observed in either proliferative response or the production of IFN-gamma of T-cells by stimulation with PHA. NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from MDS patients was generally low and was not augmented by IFN-alpha treatment. These results indicate that, in addition to the abnormality at the level of haematopoietic tissues, LGL among PBMC may be impaired in MDS patients. PMID- 3489982 TI - Expression of monocytic and T-lymphocytic phenotype in a variant form of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3). AB - A 46-yr-old woman was diagnosed as having M3 variant leukaemia in FAB subclassification with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and the 15;17 translocation. Immunologic examinations revealed that the blast cells exhibited monocytic (Ia+, Mo1+, Mo2+, My4+, My7+ and My9+) and T-lymphocytic (OKT11+, Leu4+ and Leu5b+) immunophenotype, with probably a biphenotypic population of cells. Expression of monocytic phenotype on the blast cells suggests that M3 variant includes a subtype with monocytic characteristics, and may be related to the morphologic monocyte-like feature of that of M3 variant. PMID- 3489983 TI - Interactions of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and mouse alveolar macrophages. Loss of mitogenic activity and release of suppressive prostaglandins and interleukin 1. AB - Interactions of mouse alveolar macrophages from three different inbred strains of mice and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, a microbe associated with Farmer's lung disease, were studied. Alveolar macrophages were found to abolish the mitogenic activity of T. vulgaris. A prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, could not restore the activity. Alveolar macrophage supernatants generated by T. vulgaris treatment exerted strong suppression in secondary concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte transformation. Indomethacin partly relieved the suppression but a histamine 2 receptor blocker, cimetidine, had no effect. Interleukin 1 activity was practically undetectable by the thymocyte co-stimulation assay unless indomethacin was used. When indomethacin was used, interleukin 1 activity could be detected in all strains of mice tested. Major differences in the abolition of the mitogenic effect, in the suppressive effect, or in the release of interleukin 1 were not detected between inbred strains of mice tested. The results indicate that alveolar macrophages exert suppressive actions in vitro after T. vulgaris treatment but in vivo activities remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3489984 TI - Effects of cyclosporin A on autoimmune disease in MRL/1 and BXSB mice. AB - MRL/1 and BXSB mice were treated daily with cyclosporin A (CyA) in an oral dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. With this dose, blood levels within the therapeutic range were obtained. In normal mice CyA in this dose significantly prolonged the survival of an H-2 incompatible skin graft, and suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). It had no influence on the magnitude of a primary antibody response. Autoimmune mice were treated from 6 to 22 weeks of age. CyA treatment did not alter significantly the anti-DNA and anti-IgG autoantibody levels in either strain compared with control mice, who received olive oil. There was a slight but significant increase in serum IgG levels in CyA-treated MRL/1 mice. Clinical signs of glomerulonephritis (decreased kidney function and albuminuria), and glomerular proliferation were not altered by CyA treatment in either strain. The amount of mesangial IgG deposits was reduced in CyA-treated MRL/1 mice, and remained unchanged in BXSB mice. The extent of the interstitial and perivascular infiltrates and the frequency and severity of necrotizing arteritis in the kidneys of MRL/1 mice were reduced by CyA treatment. The most prominent effect of CyA was an evident reduction in lymphoproliferation in MRL/1 mice. Mortality was not reduced by CyA treatment in MRL/1 and BXSB mice. PMID- 3489986 TI - Twinning rates by residence in Denmark 1978 to 1982. AB - It has been suggested in the literature that twinning rates are reduced by psychosocial stress associated with urban life. No support for this hypothesis was found in a study based upon the 5,762 twins and 280,158 singletons that were born in Denmark in the period 1978 to 1982. PMID- 3489985 TI - Generation of agammaglobulinaemic mice by prenatal and postnatal exposure to polyclonal or monoclonal anti-IgM antibodies. AB - Improved experimental conditions are described for the treatment of mice with anti-IgM antibody, which subsequently lead to B-cell deficiency and agammaglobulinaemia. Antibody transmitted via maternal milk alone was found to be more efficient in inducing suppression of serum immunoglobulin isotypes than prenatal transmission or postnatal intraperitoneal injections alone. However, the combined treatment by all three routes of exposure to anti-IgM resulted in total B-cell suppression associated with undetectable levels of all serum immunoglobulin isotypes. Furthermore, suppression of B-cell generation was also achieved with a rat monoclonal mu-specific antibody. The possibility of generating agammaglobulinaemic mice may be useful for investigating the influence of B cells on the generation of T-cell reactivities, and for analysing the effects of monoclonal antibodies in the absence of interfering serum immunoglobulin. PMID- 3489987 TI - Occurrence of cancer in socioeconomic groups in Sweden. An analysis based on the Swedish Cancer Environment Registry. AB - We wanted to examine the distribution of cancer by socioeconomic group in Sweden. For this purpose the 1960 Census population was followed up for the whole period 1961-79 by means of the Swedish Cancer Environment Registry. Cancer morbidity in five socioeconomic groups was analysed for each of 50 cancer sites. An association was found between several sites and particular socioeconomic groups. For instance, there are elevated rates of lung cancer and stomach cancer among blue collar workers; colon cancer and breast cancer among white collar workers and lip and stomach cancer among self-employed farmers. The overall cancer morbidity was close to the expected levels for all groups except self-employed farmers, who showed a marked deficit. PMID- 3489988 TI - [Neurocysticercosis]. AB - A report is presented on a 30-year-old Ecuadorian and a 40-year-old Sicilian with ventricular neurocysticercosis. The disease was manifested as occlusive hydrocephalus with signs of acute augmentation of intracranial pressure requiring emergency ventricular drainage. Subsequently several cysts were removed from the ventricles of both patients by craniotomy. One of the patients was discharged and left for Ecuador after operation while the other received antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel; this did not, however, contribute to an improvement of the symptoms. The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of neurocysticercosis are discussed. PMID- 3489990 TI - Gap junctional conductance and permeability are linearly related. AB - The permeability of gap junctions to tetraethylammonium ions was measured in isolated pairs of blastomeres from Rana pipiens L. and compared to the junctional conductance. In this system, the junctional conductance is voltage-dependent and decreases with moderate transjunctional voltage of either sign. The permeability to tetraethylammonium ions was determined by injecting one cell of a pair with tetraethylammonium and monitoring its changing concentration in the prejunctional and postjunctional cells with ion-selective electrodes. Junctional conductance was determined by current-clamp and voltage-clamp techniques. For different cell pairs in which the transjunctional voltage was small and the junctional conductance at its maximum value, the permeability to tetraethylammonium ions was proportional to the junctional conductance. In individual cell pairs, a reduction in the junctional conductance induced by voltage was accompanied by a proportional reduction in the permeability of the gap junction over a wide range. The diameter of the tetraethylammonium ion (8.0 to 8.5 A, unhydrated) is larger than that of the potassium ion (4.6 A, hydrated), the predominant current carrying species. The proportionality between the permeability to tetraethylammonium ions and the junctional conductance, measured here with exceptionally fine time resolution, indicates that a common gap junctional pathway mediates both electrical and chemical fluxes between cells, and that closure of single gap junction channels by voltage is all or none. PMID- 3489989 TI - Structure-activity studies of interleukin-2. AB - The critical role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in immune response heightens the need to know its structure in order to understand its activity. New computer-assisted predictive methods for the assignment of secondary structure together with a method to predict the tertiary structure of a protein from data on its primary sequence and secondary structure were applied to IL-2. This method generated four topological families of structures, of which the most plausible is a right-handed fourfold alpha-helical bundle. Members of this family were shown to be compatible with existing structural data on disulfide bridges and monoclonal antibody binding for IL-2. Experimental estimates of secondary structure from circular dichroism and site-directed mutagenesis data support the model. A region likely to be important in IL-2 binding to its receptor was identified as residues Leu36, Met38, Leu40, Phe42, Phe44, and Met46. PMID- 3489991 TI - Aging in a 'healthy' population. AB - A five-year project, building on an ongoing epidemiological study of menopause in 2500 women, will examine the aging process in middle-aged and older men, women, and couples in Massachusetts. While past research on aging has usually focused on disease and has drawn on a self-selecting, usually clinical population, our study will examine healthy individuals randomly selected from the general population. This approach should allow for increased inferential power of findings on how positive adjustment to the aging process occurs. The project is multi disciplinary, combining physiological measurements (hormone levels, bone densities, etc.) with psychosocial data, and draws on previous experience with community-based methods of collecting physiological and psychological information in large health surveys. PMID- 3489992 TI - Bearing illness: study of couples where the husband awaits coronary graft surgery. AB - This paper reports findings from the first of a series of interviews with men treated by coronary grafting, and with their wives. Seen immediately after angiography, these couples were asked about their social and conjugal roles, attitudes to the men's illness, and changes to their circumstances. Clustering the couples on these responses yielded four groups: strained relationships in which husbands who had given up work had become withdrawn but were supported by wives who had increased the burden of their responsibilities; strained relationships in which husbands forced to give up outside engagements took on household duties from wives who were less concerned about their spouses' activity levels; where husbands who had modified their activities, and wives who showed most concern, together made mutual adjustments in relation to the illness; where husbands had experienced little need for change and, together with their wives, had largely maintained a 'normal' life. A measure of adjustment to illness showed that there were parallels between the relationship of patient to illness, and of husband to wife in each group. A theoretical proposal is offered integrating these two forms of relationship, and inferences are drawn regarding the counselling of patients and wives in the period prior to graft surgery. PMID- 3489993 TI - [Emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhages in cirrhotic patients. Rupture of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Viewpoint of the emergency physician]. PMID- 3489994 TI - [Emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhages in cirrhotic patients. Emergency endoscopy]. PMID- 3489995 TI - [Emergency treatment of upper digestive hemorrhages in cirrhosis patients. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 3489996 TI - Snowflake degeneration: an independent entity or a variant of retinitis pigmentosa? AB - We examined eight members of three generations of a family with a history of hereditary retinal degenerative disease. Four affected members have multiple whitish retinal dots resembling snowflakes. Other positive ocular findings in the four members with retinal flakes include myopia, cataract, fibrillary vitreous degeneration with occasional strands, attenuated retinal arterioles, sheathed retinal vessels, occlusion of small retinal vessels, white with and without pressure, annular macular pigment defects, and occasional spicules of pigment. Goldmann perimetry showed irregular annular scotomas in three patients. Electroretinographic response was extinguished in one and subnormal in three. Electro-oculography showed the light rise-to-dark trough ratio to be decreased in the affected patients. Based on results of vitreoretinal biomicroscopy, Goldmann perimetry, and visual electrodiagnostic testing, we suspect that snowflake degeneration may be just a variant of retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 3489997 TI - Nonoperative treatment of a traumatic intramural hematoma of the ascending colon. AB - With the aid of CT scans, lower GI series, and observation, we correctly diagnosed and managed nonoperatively an intramural hematoma of the ascending colon. PMID- 3489998 TI - Pneumocystis pneumonia in a patient with normal chest roentgenograms and normal arterial blood gas values. AB - For unknown reasons, manifestations of even heavy opportunistic infection in AIDS patients may be chronic and subtle. We have presented the second fully reported case of an AIDS patient with symptomatic Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in whom the usual screening tests of blood gases and chest roentgenography were normal to all observers. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide can be an early and sensitive indication of PCP. PMID- 3489999 TI - [Immunoglobulins and insulin-binding capacity of T lymphocytes in diabetes mellitus types I and II]. PMID- 3490000 TI - Standards for human growth--their construction and use. AB - Human growth charts are used in the RSA to monitor the growth of groups of children and of individuals. Ignorance of their construction leads to misunderstandings of their correct application. The construction and use of growth charts is reviewed by explaining how growth may be investigated through cross-sectional, longitudinal and mixed-longitudinal studies and the problems involved in using the subsequent data. The intellectual confusion brought about by describing such charts as 'standards' and how the most appropriate chart for South Africa should be defined is also discussed. Finally, the priorities for research in this field are outlined. PMID- 3490001 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis. AB - The clinical features, microbiologic investigation, and response to therapy of three patients with Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis were studied. Each man presented with a similar syndrome of diffuse erythema and pruritus of the glans meatus and coronal sulcus, irritation of the prepuce, and minimal urethral discharge. A characteristic fishy odor was present in the urethral discharge of all three patients. G. vaginalis was isolated from the glans of all three, and clue cells were present in two. In all cases, cultures for Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum were negative. All three patients responded to oral therapy with metronidazole and concurrent treatment of the partner. Two patients subsequently relapsed but ultimately responded to clindamycin therapy. These men presented with a distinctive clinical syndrome of balanoposthitis associated with G. vaginalis, which is in many respects similar to the syndrome of bacterial vaginosis in women. Our data indicate that balanoposthitis may have a polymicrobial and synergistic etiology involving G. vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the male lower genital tract; such an etiology is analogous to that of bacterial vaginosis. PMID- 3490002 TI - Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage secondary to von Willebrand's disease. AB - Four cases of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage secondary to von Willebrand's disease are presented. The hemostatic management of the disease is discussed. A policy for screening of patients afflicted with intracranial hemorrhage secondary to von Willebrand's disease is proposed. PMID- 3490003 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: predictors of outcome. AB - We reviewed the records of 115 patients treated for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding on a general surgical and trauma service from January 1981 to June 1984. Clinical variables were analyzed with regard to three outcome criteria: mortality rate, blood transfusion requirements, and need for operation. Endoscopy was performed in all patients, usually within 24 hours of detection of bleeding. Thirty-six patients required greater than or equal to 5 U of blood, 27 patients required an operation for bleeding, and 26 patients (23%) died in the hospital. In 19 patients, death was attributed to the patient's underlying disease; in seven patients, death was due to bleeding or operation. Significant predictors of death were: age greater than or equal to 60 years old (p less than or equal to 0.02), disease in three organ systems (p less than 0.05), 5 U transfusion requirement (p less than 0.001), operation for bleeding necessary (p less than 0.03), lung/liver disease (p less than 0.03), and recent stress of major operation, trauma, or sepsis. Mortality rates were highest for bleeding varices (36%) and lowest for duodenal ulcers (7.7%) and gastric ulcers (15.8%). Endoscopy accurately determined the cause of UGI bleeding in most patients. The data suggest that the unchanging mortality rate for UGI bleeding is largely due to underlying disease or injury for which the success of current treatment is limited. PMID- 3490004 TI - [Basic achievements and outlook in the development of rheumatology]. PMID- 3490005 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of candidiasis in bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 3490007 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels in drug allergy]. PMID- 3490006 TI - [Prostaglandins and the immunological indices of patients with chronic heart failure]. AB - Some indices of T and B cellular immunity and content of PgE2 and PgF2 alpha in the peripheral blood plasma were studied in 70 patients with coronary heart disease and in 22 patients with rheumatic disease complicated by chronic cardiac failure. It was revealed that increase in PgE2 and PgF2 alpha levels was accompanied by changes in T cells subpopulations. It is suggested that Pg-s can mediate changes of immunoregulatory lymphocyte functions in chronic cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 3490008 TI - [Cellular immunity in reactive arthritis]. PMID- 3490009 TI - [Autoimmune changes in various rheumatic diseases]. AB - A combined clinicoimmunologic investigation of 895 patients was conducted, of them 518 had rheumatic fever, 68 rheumatoid arthritis, 35 systemic scleroderma and 12 systemic lupus erythematosus. The immune status of the patients was evaluated by the results of the rosette-formation method, the reaction of lymphocyte blasttransformation, the reaction of leucocyte migration inhibition using purified cardial and other tissue antigens. The weakening of rosette forming function of lymphocytes, a decrease in a mitogenic response to PHA, dysimmunoglobulinemia, imbalance in antibody production, particularly hyperproduction of cardial antibodies in rheumatic fever were observed as was marked delayed-type hypersensitivity to tissue antigens, more frequently to purified cardial antigens--to myocardial cell membranes and myosin. It indicates the involvement of the autoimmune mechanisms in the development of the disease. PMID- 3490010 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in Sjogren's disease and syndrome]. AB - A study was made of the presence of antinuclear antibodies to Ro, La, nDNA, RNP and Sm in 18 patients with Sjogren's disease (SD) and in 13 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Anti-Ro and/or anti-La were revealed in 12 SD patients (67%) and in 3 SS patients (23%, P less than 0.05) only. Anti-nDNA and anti-RNP were detected in 39 and 15% of the SS patients respectively and were undetectable in the SD patients. Anti-Ro and/or anti-La were detected in all SD patients, III degree activity, and associated with the presence of Raynaud's syndrome, recurring nonerosive arthritis and the absence of adequate therapy. Anti-Ro only were detected in 44% of the SD patients only and in none of the SS patients. Higher values of ESR, RF and CIC were revealed in the SD patients with anti-La and especially anti-Ro. PMID- 3490011 TI - [Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis--reality or fiction?]. PMID- 3490012 TI - [Acute kidney failure: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3490013 TI - [Forestier disease]. PMID- 3490014 TI - [A patient with type ZZ alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and hypercalcemia caused by sarcoidosis]. AB - The history of illness of an eight-year-old boy is presented. Fifteen days old he had been hospitalized because of vomiting, diarrhoea and prolonged jaundice. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (genotype PiZZ) was diagnosed. At the age of nearly eight complaints started, such as headache, apathy, nausea and vomiting. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed on account of hypercalcemia (3.48-3.68 mmol/l), an elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme (60 U/l), a positive Kveim test and the fact that other diseases could be excluded. The prognosis of a combination of a serious alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and sarcoidosis is discussed. This combination, as far as we have been able to trace, has not been described before. PMID- 3490015 TI - Growth-enhancing effect of Branhamella catarrhalis culture filtrates on the L forms of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is a common respiratory pathogen and recurrent infection due to H. influenzae is a phenomenon often present in patients with chronic respiratory tract infections. The effects of Neisseria perflava and B. catarrhalis culture filtrates on the growth and reversion of H. influenzae L forms were determined using the L-forms of H. influenzae induced and subcultured in a medium containing 10% sucrose and these culture filtrates. When each culture filtrate of two strains of N. perflava was added, the viable count of revertants reached a peak of growth after 48 hr and exceeded 10(4) CFU/ml even 48 days after the subculture. Adding each culture filtrate of six strains of B. catarrhalis, the viable count of revertants from the L-forms of H. influenzae was much higher than that in the absence of any filtrate (negative control). The filtrate of a culture prepared from one of the six strains of B. catarrhalis was subjected to biochemical analysis. The molecular weight of the growth-enhancing factor(s) was determined to be approximately 1,000 to 5,000. Some peptide fractions showed growth-enhancing effects on the L-forms of H. influenzae. These findings suggest that culture filtrates may be important clues as to the correlation between recurrent infections due to H. influenzae and the growth of L-forms in the sputum of the patients with chronic respiratory tract infections, during or after the administration of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 3490016 TI - Growth-enhancing effects of culture filtrates of sputum isolates on the L-forms of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The growth-enhancing effects of culture filtrates of respiratory pathogenic bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, as well as normal floral bacteria other than Neisseria perflava and Branhamella catarrhalis on L-forms of H. influenzae were examined in vitro, using five species of major respiratory pathogenic bacteria and seven species of normal floral bacteria commonly isolated from the sputum of patients with chronic respiratory tract infections. The growth enhancing factor(s) was present in the filtrates prepared from the culture of respiratory pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, the effects of which were as potent as those of a culture filtrate of B. catarrhalis used as the positive control. The culture filtrates of respiratory pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae had weak growth-enhancing effects on H. influenzae L-forms. The culture filtrates of 21 strains of normal floral bacteria isolated from the sputum including alpha-hemolytic Streptococci, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Micrococcus roseus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and Neisseria spp. had growth-enhancing effects on the L-forms of H. influenzae. These data elucidate the significance of L-forms of H. influenzae in recurrent infections due to H. influenzae in patients with chronic respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3490017 TI - Effect of interleukin 1 on chemotaxis and chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. AB - We studied the influence of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on chemotaxis and chemiluminescence (CL) of human neutrophils. We found that IL 1 showed chemotactic activity within the concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 U/ml, whereas no luminol-or lucigenin-dependent CL was noted in neutrophils with the stimulation of IL 1 at the concentrations ranged from 1 to 100 U/ml. Moreover, no enhancement of zymosan-induced CL was observed in neutrophils following prior exposure to IL 1 at a concentration of 100 U/ml for 60 min at 37 degrees C. We think that IL 1 may be responsible for the inflammatory reaction only through its chemotactic activity for neutrophils without enhancement of the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils. PMID- 3490018 TI - Comparative effects of topically applied nitrated arenes and their nonnitrated parent arenes on cutaneous and hepatic drug and carcinogen metabolism in neonatal rats. AB - The effect of a single topical application of several nitroarenes (1-nitropyrene, nitropyrenes mixture, nitrobenzo(ghi)perylene mixture, 3-nitrofluoranthene, nitrofluoranthene mixture, and nitroperylene mixture) and their corresponding parent arenes to neonatal rats on hepatic and cutaneous drug and carcinogen metabolism was studied. Topical application of each nitroarene (10 mg/kg) resulted in significant induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), 7 ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (ERD), and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECD) activities in both skin (1.5- to 14.6-fold) and liver (1.3- to 41.9-fold). The induction of these enzymes by each of the nitroarenes was significant when compared to control or to their corresponding parent arenes. Among the nitroarenes studied, 1-nitropyrene was the least effective in inducing enzyme activities. The inducibility in both skin and liver by different nitroarenes tested was in the following order: nitrofluoranthenes mixture greater than 3 nitrofluoranthene greater than nitroperylenes mixture greater than nitrobenzo(ghi)perylenes mixture greater than nitropyrenes mixture greater than 1 nitropyrene. The nitrofluoranthenes mixture and the nitroperylenes mixture were almost as effective as 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). Parent arenes were either ineffective or significantly less effective than nitrated arenes in inducing hepatic and/or cutaneous monooxygenase activities. Hepatic and/or cutaneous benzphetamine N-demethylase (BPD), NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH ferricyanide reductase activities, and the levels of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5, remained unchanged following treatment with either topically applied nitroarenes or arenes. However, a shift of approximately 1 nm to the blue region in the absorption maximum of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was observed in animals treated with nitroarenes. This shift was not evident in the case of 1 nitropyrene. Analysis of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed a significant enhancement in the production of metabolites by nitroarene-treated rat skin and liver microsomes. Our studies suggest that nitroarenes are inducers of hepatic and cutaneous monooxygenases in neonatal rats after topical administration and that they resemble the 3-MC type of inducers in this regard. PMID- 3490020 TI - PET scanning: can it help resolve management issues in cerebral ischemic disease? PMID- 3490019 TI - Ataxic hemiparesis with reductions of ipsilateral cerebellar blood flow. AB - Regional cerebellar blood flow was measured in a patient with left-sided ataxic hemiparesis, using single-photon emission computed tomography and N-isopropyl-p [123I]Iodoamphetamine. X-ray computed tomography revealed a small infarct in the paramedian portion of the right upper basis pontis. Blood flow was markedly reduced in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere corresponding to the side of ataxia. The present study emphasizes the value of the three-dimensional functional imaging of the cerebellum to investigate the responsible lesion for ataxia and to study function of the cerebro-cerebellar circuits. PMID- 3490021 TI - Standardized IgG-coated test cells for evaluation of anti-human globulin. PMID- 3490022 TI - The effect of cyclosporine on humoral and cellular alloreactivity to allogeneic pregnancy in rats. AB - We have evaluated the effect of a therapeutic dose (10 mg/kg/day) of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA) on humoral and cell-mediated immunity in rats during an allogeneic first pregnancy. Virgin female Lewis rats mated with DA males and treated with CsA vehicle produced a humoral response, as measured by both the erythrocyte rosette inhibition (EAI) and indirect hemagglutination assays. The capacity of Lewis splenocytes to mediate a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction in six-week old F1 (Lewis X DA) hybrid rats was unaffected by either pregnancy or CsA. In mothers treated with CsA, however, no antibody production was detected, and a significant reduction in GVH reactivity was observed using their cells. This reduction was specific for the paternal strain. When compared with vehicle-treated primiparas, suppression of the immune response by CsA had no effect on either the number or viability of fetuses present in utero at day 20. These data suggest that antipaternal antibodies may not be essential to protect the fetus when there is concomitant suppression of the capacity of the mother's T cells to express a cell-mediated antipaternal response. PMID- 3490023 TI - Hybrid Ia antigens in man. Detection with cytotoxic T cell clones. AB - There are three known groups of human Ia antigens; HLA-DR, HLA-DQ (formerly DC or DS), and HLA-DP (formerly SB). This study investigates whether gene complementation operates in the expression of human Ia antigens. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) lymphoblastoid cell lines were produced from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a family unit (both parents and a child). Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) clones were raised against the EBV lymphoblastoid cell line of the child utilizing lymphocytes from an unrelated donor. These clones were then screened for activity against the EBV lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from both parents. Two stable CTL clones were identified that exhibited CTL activity predominantly against the child and not against either parent. Both clones were T3+, T4+, T8-, DR+, DQ+. The activity of one of the clones was completely blocked by anti-HLA-DQ reagents, but not by an anti-class-I, or an anti-HLA-DR reagent. The other clone was blocked by a polyspecific anti-Ia reagent but not by an anti-class-I, anti HLA-DR, or anti-HLA-DQ reagent. These studies suggest that gene complementation plays a role in human Ia antigen expression, producing hybrid Ia antigens in a child that are not present in either parent. PMID- 3490025 TI - [Changes in thymocyte size over time]. AB - The dynamics of cell sizes was studied for rat thymus lymphocytes under a short term culture in the Ringer-Krebs medium and in medium 199 with 10% serum, as well as under in vivo conditions. It has been shown that under incubation in the nourishing medium and in vivo, there are rhythmical changes in the shape of cell distribution according to sizes. Ionizing irradiation of cells causes an increase in the portion of small cellular forms, this process also being of phase character. PMID- 3490026 TI - A case of classical Kaposi's sarcoma in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B CLL). AB - We report a case of classical Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a patient affected by B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia for 2 years and who had not received any antiblastic treatment. At the ultrastructural analysis the leukemic cell showed rather immature features, and the immunologic phenotype (absence of detectable cytoplasmic Ig, and expression only of the DR, B2 and IgD lambda molecules on the surface membrane) proved its intermediate level of maturity, its monoclonality and relative rarity. The patient presented a complex immunologic deficiency, revealed not only by the monoclonality of the B lymphocytes and their low degree of maturity, but also by the almost total absence of T helper lymphocytes, by the high reduction in NK activity, by the very scarce proliferative response to the polyclonal mitogens PHA, ConA and PWM, and by a complete anergy to the skin test of delayed reactivity. The search for antibodies against the viruses EBV, CMV, HTLV-I and HTLV-III in the serum was negative. At the HLA typing, the patient was DR5, as are most classical KS and/or B-CLL patients. The data are discussed in relation to documented non-casual association between B-CLL and KS. We stress that immunosuppression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases and the possibility of their being conditioned by common genetic HLA associated factors of predisposition. PMID- 3490024 TI - Post-partum pituitary necrosis presenting as anaemia. PMID- 3490027 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte response to exogenous interleukin 2 by PHA prestimulated and non-PHA-prestimulated cells in patients with cancer. AB - The study aims were to assess the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of cancer patients to exogenous Interleukin 2 (IL 2) either by PHA-prestimulated or non PHA-prestimulated PBL, and to carry out preliminary experiments for a direct quantitative evaluation of endogenous IL 2 production by PBL cultures of cancer patients in order to define the actual role of IL 2 in the disease. Analysis of PBL subsets was also carried out with monoclonal antibodies in a selected group of patients. A total of 134 patients entered the study. Cancer sites were: larynx 32, breast 36, lung (NSC) 24, colorectal 17 and gynecologic 25. In the former 3 cancer sites staging showed localized or only locally advanced disease, and in the last 2 sites disseminated disease. Our results provided evidence that cancer patients exhibit a T-cell functional immunodepression, which progresses during tumor growth, so that the localized disease shows a low-grade defect, and advanced disease a high-grade defect. Our data also clearly suggested that the factor involved with a primary role in this functional immune impairment is the IL 2 deficiency. A perspective may be drawn on the therapeutic administration in vivo of IL 2 and IL 2-activated lymphokine activated killer cells in controlled clinical trials of selected groups of cancer patients. PMID- 3490028 TI - Infusion of autologous alloactivated lymphocytes in melanoma patients: toxicity and immunologic monitoring. AB - Previous work has shown that infusion of autologous helper-enriched, alloactivated lymphocytes in melanoma patients may induce, in addition to other mild signs of toxicity, a transient but sharp elevation of blood pressure. To avoid such a disturbing symptom, the in vitro protocol of peripheral blood lymphocyte activation has been modified. In the present study we show that such a modification has led to a lower toxicity of autologous lymphocyte infusion in 4 melanoma patients; in particular, hypertension was no longer observed. In addition, an immunologic monitoring was carried out in these patients. In 1 of 4 patients the treatment enhanced the in vitro cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes against autologous tumor cells. Other parameters such as NK activity and T4/T8 ratio did not show significant trends. The possible implications of these findings for clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy with lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 3490029 TI - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a result of 21-hydroxylase block. Review of 10 cases]. PMID- 3490031 TI - T-cell lymphoma with large multilobated nuclei. PMID- 3490030 TI - [Hypogastric artery ligation following obstetrical hemorrhage. Apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 3490033 TI - Dentistry. PMID- 3490032 TI - [Clinical significance of the indicators of immunologic reactivity in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. AB - An examination of 79 children has shown that in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis lower parameters of non-specific resistance and immunity are of prognostic value. The administration of Pentoxyl and Levimizol improves the state of immunity and exerts a positive clinical effect. PMID- 3490034 TI - Diagnosis and treatment planning. AB - It must be emphasized that any examination of a supposedly healthy patient must be thorough and careful, for the early detection of disease demands that minute and inconspicuous deviations from the normal be evaluated carefully. The detection of disease occurs during the examination procedure, and from a practical point of view, it appears that clinicians employ at least the following three types of examination, depending upon circumstances: the comprehensive examination; the screening examination; and the emergency or limited examination. Although the latter two types represent a justifiable compromise with respect to the comprehensive examination in light of limitations of time or resources, the general inaccessibility of the patient in veterinary practice suggests that one should make the most of the opportunity for examination when it presents itself. A complete, thorough examination is not, by definition, a time-consuming and expensive procedure, particularly if there is no disease present. Exam-related expense is more a function of a differential diagnostic effort once clinical abnormality is detected, and then it is certainly justified. The term "diagnosis" originates from a Greek word meaning to distinguish or to discern. For the clinician, it refers to the process of identification of a disease by investigating, in all their manifestations, the signs and symptoms presented by the patient. The word diagnosis describes not just a "disease identified," but the process by which the identification is made. The procedure for making a diagnosis includes the following four primary steps: Collection of the facts. Analysis of the data for relative importance. Correlation between synthesized data and descriptive features of suspected diseases. Selection of the disease that best explains the collected facts and apparent disturbed physiologic processes of the patient. The process of diagnosis usually results in the naming of a disease. It is well to remember that a name is only a shorthand method of describing a set of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease state. Emphasis should always be focused upon the clinical facts collected, not on the name of the disease selected. Oral disease in animals results from an extremely diverse variety of environmental, dietary, and genetic circumstances. The clinical appearances of the disease process can vary considerably within a single species and may vary enormously from one species to another, particularly considering the contrasts between some captive environments and other natural habitats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3490035 TI - Intraoral radiology. AB - In this article, the parallel and bisecting angle techniques for proper intraoral radiography will be discussed, as will equipment, film type, technical values, and film processing. PMID- 3490036 TI - Periodontal disease. Etiology and pathogenesis. AB - Periodontal disease is the number-one cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. Some of the factors in the adult animal that play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases are discussed in this article, including overcrowding, malocclusions, diet, developmental defects, and metabolic and systemic disease. PMID- 3490037 TI - Feline dental disease. AB - Periodontal disease and chronic gingivitis/stomatitis are the most common feline dental diseases. With routine dental care and increased emphasis on home oral hygiene, these diseases can be controlled. Cats can be seen with a number of other dental disorders, and improved treatment methods such as restorations of early subgingival resorptive lesions, endodontic therapy, and orthodontic therapy can be performed successfully. More study and research are necessary about the gingivitis/stomatitis syndrome and subgingival resorptive lesions so that improved prevention and treatment recommendations can be made. PMID- 3490038 TI - Endodontics. AB - It is known that pets with broken teeth or teeth with other diseases of the pulp suffer considerable pain and frequent infection. To ignore these problem teeth would not only be inhumane, it would risk chronic infection, abscessation, and tooth loss. Although extraction of these teeth is sometimes necessary, the procedure is often difficult to perform and painful for the animal. The resultant tooth loss is cosmetically displeasing and, frequently, there is compromise in function. The endodontic treatment of these teeth, on the other hand, is relatively easy to perform. It almost always results in immediate cessation of pain and will usually allow the tooth to remain functional for the lifetime of the pet. PMID- 3490039 TI - Restorative dentistry. AB - The author considers materials, methods, and techniques used in restorative dentistry. Information about components of cavity preparation, common equipment for restorative work, restorative materials, enamel bonding technique, pin retention, and indirect and direct pulp capping is presented. PMID- 3490040 TI - Orthodontics for the dog. Treatment methods. AB - This article considers the prevention of orthodontic problems, occlusal adjustments, simple tooth movements, rotational techniques, tipping problems, adjustment of crown height, descriptions of common orthodontic appliances, and problems associated with therapy. PMID- 3490041 TI - Orthodontics for the dog. Bite evaluation, basic concepts, and equipment. AB - Evaluation of canine occlusion (an occlusal evaluation table is included), growth patterns of the head, basic concepts of orthodontics such as how teeth move, length of treatment, and limits to movements, and equipment and materials are considered in this article. PMID- 3490042 TI - Oral surgery. Basic techniques. AB - Some of the clinical problems most frequently seen in veterinary dentistry and their surgical solutions are discussed. Extraction of teeth, surgical repositioning of teeth, tooth transplant, oral abscesses of tooth origin, impaction of teeth, repair of maxillary canine oronasal fistula, and simple techniques for oral wiring are among the issues considered. PMID- 3490043 TI - Oral surgery. Radical resection of maxillary and mandibular lesions. AB - The results obtained following both maxillectomy and mandibulectomy in animals with benign disease show that these procedures are practical. The challenge is to select those animals with malignant disease where the disease is sufficiently localized so that radical resection will be curative, or where residual disease can be controlled by adjuvant therapy. The series of cases reported in Tables 1 and 2 represent animals treated during the "developmental phase" of these procedures. With 5 years of case experience now available, the usefulness and limitations of these procedures are becoming clearer. PMID- 3490044 TI - Establishing a veterinary dental practice. PMID- 3490045 TI - [Clinical x-ray differential diagnosis of lung lesions in sarcoidosis and histiocytosis X]. PMID- 3490046 TI - Salmonid B lymphocytes demonstrate organ dependent functional heterogeneity. AB - The passive hemolytic plaque assay was used to examine the functional heterogeneity of antibody producing cells in salmonid immune organs. In this study, the antibody response to Vibrio anguillarum antigens was induced by the injection of a somatic antigen extract. This antigen was also coated onto sheep red blood cells (SRBC) for plaque forming cell (PFC) determination. Previous studies have demonstrated that this response is antibody dependent and antigen specific (Kaattari and Irwin, 1985). The present study was focused upon the heterogeneity of antibody producing cells that arise in the spleen, anterior and posterior kidney of immunized coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The functional heterogeneity of lymphocytes was assessed by histogram analysis of the antigen inhibition profiles of the plaque forming responses. These analyses have revealed that the anterior kidney lymphocytes possess a much more restricted profile of antibody specificities than do lymphocytes from the posterior kidney or spleen. These data suggest that B cell repetoires differ among the immune organs of salmonids. PMID- 3490047 TI - Phylogenetic studies on lymphokines. Fish lymphocytes respond to human IL-1 and epithelial cells produce an IL-1 like factor. AB - The results obtained indicate, that catfish peripheral blood lymphocytes recognize and respond to human IL-1. The second part of this report is dealing with a substance produced by carp epidermal cells with functional similarities to mammalian IL-1. PMID- 3490048 TI - A study of bovine T-cell subsets in the blood and mammary gland secretions during the dry period. AB - Blood and mammary secretions were obtained from cows throughout the dry period. Quantitative and qualitative assays were performed to determine the cell types and cell distributions at weekly intervals from day of dry off until parturition. The total cell counts in secretions increased during involution and remained at high levels until a few weeks prepartum. The macrophages were the predominant cell type in mammary secretions whereas the numbers of lymphocytes were always less than neutrophils or macrophages. Enriched mononuclear cell populations derived from blood and mammary secretions were also evaluated using "T-cell rosette" assays. Changes observed in the relative distribution of three T-cell subsets in secretions did not reflect the dynamics of the cells in the peripheral blood. T-cell subsets that predominated in mammary secretions were the EN+ EAET+ and EN-EAET+ phenotypes. Distinct patterns of migration or differentiation of T cell subsets were suggested by the changes of subsets observed in mammary secretions collected throughout the dry period. PMID- 3490049 TI - Human recombinant interleukin-2 augments in vitro blastogenesis of bovine and porcine lymphocytes. AB - The recent cloning of the human gene encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2) has provided the means for economical production of large quantities of the pure lymphokine for clinical studies. Human recombinant interleukin 2 (HrIL-2) has been reported to have in vitro and in vivo immunomodulating effects in the murine system, suggesting the cloned gene product has cross-species activity. Bovine and porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for responsiveness to HrIL-2 in a lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. Not only was the HrIL-2 highly stimulatory but it also reconstituted lymphocyte responsiveness to maximal values following incubation with suboptimal concentrations of mitogen plus exogenous lymphokine. These studies suggest that HrIL-2 has the potential of serving as an in vivo modulator of immunoresponsiveness in domestic species. The contribution to food animal medicine will be considerable if administration of the lymphokine results in augmentation of antigen-specific immune responses when applied as an adjuvant, non-specific booster of pre-existing immunity, or for therapy of immunosuppression. PMID- 3490051 TI - [Use of a method of electrotranquilizing for increasing human vestibular resistance]. PMID- 3490050 TI - Cell killing by ultraviolet-inactivated human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Extensive cell killing and cytopathology were observed within 24 hr after exposure of a clonal cell line of human T-4 lymphocytes (RH9) to culture supernatants containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ultraviolet irradiated HIV-containing culture fluids were also capable of killing RH9 cells and of inducing specific cytopathic effects which were indistinguishable from those induced by unirradiated virus-containing preparations. The uv-irradiated HIV was incapable of forming proviral DNA using the endogenous virion genomic RNA as a template. The RH9 cells persistently infected with HIV did not release soluble cytotoxic factors to account for the cell killing observed when culture supernatants were added to uninfected RH9 cells. The fraction involved in cell killing had the hydrodynamic properties of a retrovirus. These results suggest that a virion component is responsible for cell killing by HIV. PMID- 3490052 TI - [Treatment of patients with the vertebrogenic lumbosacral radicular syndrome using sinusoidal currents with pulse-duration modulation]. PMID- 3490053 TI - [Attachment for electropuncture of the external ear in treating smoking]. PMID- 3490054 TI - [Formation of malignant tumors in benign bone neoplasms and osteomyelitis]. AB - The study of 819 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions of long tubular and flat bones and 139 cases of chronic fistulous osteomyelitis formed the basis for identification of malignant transformation-causing factors and development of measures for preventing secondary bony sarcomas. PMID- 3490055 TI - Immunoglobulin in chronic inflammatory diseases. AB - Several case studies are presented to illustrate the success of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) therapy in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic anterior uveitis, herpes zoster, and relapsing genital herpes simplex. Hypothetical mechanisms explain the marked improvement of the chronic disorders, with particular emphasis on substitution of specific antibodies. The recently recognized heterogeneity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is explored as one possible explanation for low and high responders to particular antigens. It is suggested that various chronic inflammatory disorders result from ineffective immune responses, and that the administration of IVIG may shift the delicate balance between the pathogen and the host to favor the latter. PMID- 3490056 TI - Treatment of AB deficiencies. AB - The objective of this study was to compare serum immunoglobulin levels and the clinical status of patients with primary immune deficiency who received an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (pH 4.0) preparation for 1 year with results previously obtained when the same patients received intramuscular immunoglobulin (IMIG). During the IVIG treatment year, increased serum immunoglobulin levels, shorter duration of certain infectious disorders, reduced antibiotic use, ans improved rheumatoid symptoms were observed. The actual benefit of IVIG therapy could not be established until after the sixth months, since illness was even further reduced during the second 6 months of treatment. Other clinical observations are evaluated in the 2 groups. PMID- 3490058 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in patients with atopic allergic diseases]. AB - Some parameters of cellular-mediated immunity in patients with atopic bronchial asthma and pollinosis rhinitis were studied. A statistically significant reduction of suppressor and active subpopulation was established as well as of the total fraction T-lymphocytes and a growth in the helper-suppressor ratio. A statistically significant reduction of lymphocytic reactivity to phytohemagglutinins was also established via blasttransformation test as compared with a group of healthy subjects. The results obtained convincingly confirmed a quantitative and functional T-cellular immunodeficiency in atopy. The clinical improvement of the patients with atopic bronchial asthma that were conducted a specific hyposensibilization for over 6 months, was accompanied by increase of T suppressors and active T-cells and reduction of immuno-regulatory index. Some practical trends in the early diagnosis of immunodeficient state in atopic diseases are discussed. PMID- 3490057 TI - [Nonstructural glycosylated polyproteins coded for by the gag gene of retrovirus type D expressed on the plasma membrane]. AB - Studies of virus-specific proteins of type D retroviruses by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) using various radioactive precursors demonstrated in HEp-2 cells producing these retroviruses the presence of two glycosylated gag coded polyproteins with molecular weights of 78 K and 90 K. The same polyproteins were found by lactoperoxidase iodination and RIP on the plasma membrane of the cells. Comparative studies of these glycoproteins by the limited proteolysis method showed the sites for trypsin action in them to be located in similar places of protein bases which indicated their structural relationship. It is suggested that glycosylated gag-coded polyproteins of retroviruses (including type D retroviruses) play the role of receptors for certain mitogens the seizure of which stimulates cell proliferation. PMID- 3490059 TI - Critical evaluation of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity measurement in intact isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - In the determination of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity in intact isolated rat hepatocytes various factors influence the assay, including: the decay of 7 ethoxycoumarin fluorescence which is temperature and pH dependent; the measured fluorescence which has to be adjusted for the inner filter effect; glucose addition to the medium which influences the activity; all organic solvents which inhibit the enzymic activity, with dimethylformamide provoking the smallest effect (partial competitive inhibition); the enzymic reaction which is inhibited by the product of reaction; and the presence of bovine serum albumin in the medium which affects the enzymic activity. Biphasic kinetics are observed for the O-deethylation of ethoxycoumarin in intact isolated rat hepatocytes. For the high affinity component, Km and Vmax values are 5 microM and 43 pmol/min X 10(6) cells and for the low-affinity component are 414 microM and 915 pmol/min X 10(6) cells. Addition of the substrate in dimethylformamide or omitting bovine serum albumin from the medium cause important changes in these kinetic parameters. PMID- 3490060 TI - [AIDS complications of the lung]. AB - AIDS represents a virus-induced disturbance of the cell-determined immunity which is seen in ever increasing numbers of cases even in Europe. AIDS occurs in certain risk groups. Clinically the first symptoms of the disease which are seen are pulmonary, bouts of fever, unproductive coughing, dyspnoea whilst dullness, bronchospasmus and an increase in sputum production are rare. Interstitial infiltrates do not contain plasma cells. In X-ray pictures striped shadows, atypical lobular infiltrates and pleural fluid are not uncommon as is also the case in other atypical pneumonias. As a rule the pulmonary function-test shows a reduced DCO but this is not specific. PMID- 3490061 TI - [Incidence of respiratory tract diseases in children]. AB - Children living in areas with increased levels of air pollution seem to suffer more frequently from respiratory tract disease. In preexisting respiratory tract disease air pollution may serve as an additional aggravating factor. PMID- 3490062 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis in the child--then and now]. AB - From the point of view of a clinical pediatrician a short survey of the incidence and the earlier and more recent results concerning treatment and prevention of this life threatening localisation of tuberculosis is given. Because of some peculiarities the last case treated in our clinic is reported in detail. Finally the importance of the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis is discussed. PMID- 3490063 TI - [Aspects of tuberculosis control in the Republic of Nicaragua]. AB - In the years of Somoza-dictatorship the number of cases with tuberculosis important by increased and the fight against tuberculosis was not efficacious. After the revolutionary triumph under direction of the Sandinista National Liberation Front on 19. July 1979 control of tuberculosis was founded with following main points: BCG-vaccination, detection of patients with smear-positive tuberculosis, bacteriological supervision of chemotherapy and examination of contact persons. Annual risk of infection is actual more than 1%. In the present time USA-administration violates permanently national sovereignty of Nicaragua with disadvantage for control of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: Supports and peace for the Republic of Nicaragua. PMID- 3490064 TI - [Incidence and significance of lung diseases caused by tuberculosis bacteria and atypical mycobacteria in East Germany]. AB - The number of new cases of pulmonary mycobacterial diseases registered in the GDR was 1,574 in the year 1982, 1,525 in 1983, and 1,404, as a preliminary result, in 1984. That is an incidence rate per 100,000 population of 9.4, 9.1, and 8.4, respectively. In 1982 Mycobacterium bovis was isolated in 4.6% of all newly diagnosed pulmonary cases, and in 1983 and 1984 a certain decrease became evident, namely to 3.5 and 3.1%, respectively. The number of patients with recognized diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria was 20 in 1982 and 33 in 1983, which equals 1.3 and 2.2%, respectively, of the newly diagnosed bacillary cases. In causing a mycobacteriosis M. kansasii is the most important potential pathogenic species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, followed by M. xenopi. Nine tenths of the patients with mycobacteriosis were men. About eighty per cent of the male patients were older than 50 years. The absolute number of newly diagnosed lung diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in the GDR was nearly the same during the last years: there were 20 to 33 patients per year. PMID- 3490066 TI - [Stomatologic morbidity study of children and adolescents in the Burg (b. Magdeburg) district]. PMID- 3490065 TI - The exceedingly high burden of acute and chronic respiratory diseases--global situation and prospects. AB - Mortality data are presented for acute and chronic respiratory diseases, on a world-wide basis for the period 1970-1982, encompassing 76-88 countries, with a population of 1.1-1.3 billion. Despite the declining trend of respiratory conditions, mortality from acute respiratory infections is still rampant at the two extremes of the lifespan and pneumonia attains unacceptably high mortality rates in developing countries. Chronic respiratory diseases claim a significant proportion of lives in the old age groups in both developed and developing countries. It is now sufficient evidence that respiratory diseases are preventable and the reduction of mortality is possible through appropriate intervention programmes. PMID- 3490067 TI - [Stomatologic analytical morbidity cross sectional study of adults in the Burg (b. Magdeburg) district]. PMID- 3490068 TI - [Significance of laboratory diagnostic study parameters of the hepatobiliary system in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases--results of cross sectional and longitudinal studies in patients with suspicious cardiovascular findings in an epidemiologic follow-up study]. AB - With the help of an approx. 280 000 inhabitants check of x-ray-morphological suspects of a heart disease the laboratory parameters thymol turbidity test, zinc sulphate turbidity test, total protein, serum protein electrophoresis and the enzymes "ASAT" and "ALAT" in longitudinal section and cross-section were examined in an intervention study during 5 years. All these parameters show standard values on the average, but compared to a healthy reference they showed significant differences, which relations to heart and vessel diseases could be deduced from. This referred especially to age-inverse behaviour of the transaminases only concerning male test persons. The examination of the longitudinal section confirmed exactly the results of the cross-section analysis. On the one hand it underlines the results got from the cross-section and in the second place it contributes to the efficient diagnostics by learning undone a repetition of these laboratory examinations during the period of 5 years with such a defined population. The relations of the particularities mentioned obviously refer to subclinical fields. Effects of therapy do not reflect in the laboratory findings. PMID- 3490069 TI - [Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection--a short review and personal results of the epidemiology]. AB - After a short survey concerning the present state of knowledge of epidemiology and clinic of the HDV-infection the results of an epidemiological examination among HBsAg-positive patients of the county hospitals Potsdam and Leipzig are reported. In 110 HBsAg-positive patients (78.2% chronic HBsAg-state) no delta infection was proved. The reason for this is seen in the fact that the epidemiological risk of the HDV-infection in countries with slight HDV-prevalence (as in the GDR) is low and main risk groups such as drug addicts have no social basis in the GDR. An essential risk group in the GDR are the haemophiliacs, who by the application of hepatitis-secure substitution preparations and by the active hepatitis immunisation also may reliably be protected from the delta infection. PMID- 3490070 TI - [Seasonal variations in the incidence of duodenal ulcer: fact, artifact or fiction?]. PMID- 3490071 TI - [Early detection and incidence of iron deficiency in pregnancy]. AB - For early detection of iron deficiency during pregnancy ferritin, transferrin, serum iron, transferrin saturation and red blood cell (RBC) parameters were measured in 156 pregnant women. The geometric mean of ferritin-concentration was 11.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml (mean +/- 1 s) which is about 46 ng/ml lower than that in non pregnant women. The duration of pregnancy, the number of pregnancies and the interval from the preceding pregnancy were all considered: 67% had iron deficiency, 18% prelatent, 27% latent and 22% manifest. On the basis of RBC analysis only 30% could be detected correctly. Ferritin detected 90% whereas serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation only detected 45% of the cases. The serum ferritin level did not correlate with the number of previous pregnancies but it did correlate with the interval to the last pregnancy. Serum ferritin declined sharply until the 28th week of pregnancy but only slightly thereafter. These data suggest at least one determination of serum ferritin concentration in pregnant women for a sufficient prophylaxis of iron deficiency during pregnancy. The latest time for the measurement should be between the 20th and 23rd week. An additional determination of serum ferritin during the early pregnancy is indicated if the time interval to the preceding pregnancy is shorter than three years. PMID- 3490072 TI - Relationship between immunoglobulin levels and specific antibody titers in the elderly. AB - A population of 228 healthy elderly subjects was studied for immunoglobulin levels, titers of antibacterial antibodies and the prevalence of auto-antibodies, to determine the possible associations between these humoral parameters and age. Serum levels of IgG and especially IgA and the incidence of auto-antibodies (antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor) were increased in aged subjects. Some differences were found between males and females. The levels of IgA and natural antibodies were significantly higher in males: the changes of prevalence of auto-antibodies with age were different in males and females; furthermore the correlation between the level of IgG and that of natural antibodies was significant in males. There was a slight positive relationship between the prevalence of auto-antibodies and the level of natural antibodies. PMID- 3490073 TI - [Transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in swimming pools?]. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis could not be isolated from the water of a highly frequented swimming pool of the City of Zurich. The protozoon T. vaginalis may show a slight degree of motility; even after 20 minutes exposure to the chlorinated water of a swimming pool; but it looses its infectivity within seconds after exposure to water of the swimming pool. It is not yet known how trichomonads are able to survive in the secretions of the vagina and on contaminated objects (fomites) in dressing rooms. PMID- 3490074 TI - [Distribution of textile fibers in the path of a bullet]. AB - Twenty-one blocks consisting of 20% gelatin were fired at using firearms of the long rifle caliber .22 and .357 Magnum. The frontal area of these blocks was prepared with textile coverings marked with technetium 99m. Two gunshot series of each type were fired at summer, interseasonal, and winter clothing, using different ammunition. The radioactivity of the bombarded blocks was measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The results of these gun shot series were presented graphically and compared. Initially (at 2 cm depth), high radioactivity is always detected, which among other things is caused by the defilement of the bullet's surface when shot through the textile covering marked by technetium. The higher radioactivity in the middle and deeper block areas is the result of fiber infiltration. Accordingly, there are greater fiber accumulations in the middle and deeper areas of the path of the bullet. This is the case mainly in thinner clothing (summer). Heavier clothing (autumn, winter) presents a greater obstacle for bullets with greater impact as well. Here, only projectiles having a lesser tendency to deform, as well as a high impact, transport a considerable proportion of textile fibers into the deeper parts of the blocks. PMID- 3490075 TI - Non-commercial, accidental water transport (boating) fatalities. AB - A study of non-commercial accidental water transport (boating) fatalities was performed on the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade County in Miami, Fla., during the years 1980-1984. A total of 23 cases were collected and analyzed as to the age, race, sex, and the cause of death of the victim along with the blood alcohol content and the Urine EMIT drug screen at autopsy. Furthermore, the type of boat involved, the geographic locale, the time of the incident, the reason or risk factor for the incident, and the scene circumstances were also noted. Commonly, one is dealing with a male population below the age of 30 years who die of drowning. In approximately half of the cases alcohol is detected. The scenario involves "small" boats or canoes in the Atlantic Ocean or in canals in the afternoon or evening. Inexperience in boating/or stupidity plays a key role. A discussion ensues concerning recommendations designed to avoid such tragedies. PMID- 3490076 TI - [Indications for appendectomy]. AB - While the statistical morbidity and mortality rates of appendicitis are high in the GDR, a declining trend has been recordable since 1970. The incidence of appendicitis in the GDR, as compared to figures in other countries, has supported the author's insistence on early indication and surgical action to prevent the occurrence of avoidable deaths. This is the reason why a liberal approach is taken to appendectomy in cases of appendicitis. PMID- 3490077 TI - [Stimulation or blocking of the periurethral region--an expansion of conservative therapeutic measures in irritable bladder and urge incontinence]. AB - In an open study we report about the therapeutic influence of neural therapy in the periurethral region in patients with urgency. We treated 50 patients with neurohormonal urgency three times in 2-weeks interval by periurethral injections of 10 ml 0.25% Bupivacaine. Success was controlled in 46 patients with clinical and urodynamical methods. 10% of the least one time treated patients had the same complaints after therapy, 60% were improved by therapy and 30% were free of symptoms. We registered with urodynamic measurements a significant increase of the bladder volume up to the first sensation to void and a significant reduction of the bladder compliance. In a second randomized study the influence of a single acute maximum functional electrostimulation (AMFES) by vaginal electrode was tested. 10 patients with anamnestic urge incontinence in each case with uninhibited detrusor contractions and 10 patients without detrusor contractions was treated. The subjective statements yielded in urge incontinence without detrusor contractions a higher percentage of improvement than in motoric urge incontinence. The urodynamic diagnostic evaluation showed a relation between the unchanged objective conditions and the symptoms of complaint four weeks after treatment in patients with motoric urge incontinence. We recommend the use both of the neural therapy and functional electrostimulation as additional methods besides the dominant medicamentous treatment of the urgency and the urge incontinence. PMID- 3490078 TI - [Postoperative complications in space occupying processes of the base of the skull]. AB - Tumours of the skull base become manifest by the nervous structures surrounding them. After the removal of the tumour, the complications are produced by the same disturbed structures. Proceeding under microsurgical conditions will reduce both the risk of subsequent haemorrhages in patients with olfactory--groove meningiomas and central disturbances of the respiratory and circulatory- functions. PMID- 3490079 TI - [Proteolipids of brain myelin and synaptosomes in the frog and hen]. AB - Proteolipid complex of Folch-Lees has been obtained and purified from the myelin and synaptosomes of the brain of the frog Rana temporaria and hen Gallus domesticus. Relative content of this proteolipid and glycolipids in the myelin is almost twice higher, whereas that of phospholipids--1 1/2 times lower than in the synaptosomal membranes of the same animal. Protein content of this complex is higher for myelin than for synaptosomal membranes; opposite relation was found with respect to phospholipid content. Within this complex, lipids are presented mainly by phospholipids, especially by acid ones which amount to 30-60%. Proteolipid complexes fro the myelin and synaptosomes differ from each other by their lipid component. Myelin proteolipid complex contains mainly phosphatidylserine and phosphatid acid, whereas synaptosomal one- phosphatidylserine and diphosphatediglycerol. No significant differences were found in fatty acid composition of phospholipids from proteolipid complex from myelin and synaptosomes as compared to this composition in the initial membranes. PMID- 3490080 TI - [Age-related immunological characteristics in typhoid fever and their significance in the clinical manifestations of the disease]. AB - The results of the comparison of the pattern of specific typhoid exanthema, as well as the time of its appearance, in elderly and senile patients and in young patients are presented; besides, some characteristics of humoral immunity in these groups of patients are compared. This comparison has revealed that in typhoid fever in elderly and senile patients roseola typhosa is more rare, while the phenomenon of eruption is more frequent than in young patients. The differences in the manifestation of exanthema, observed in patients of different age groups, are due to less intensive and regular antibody formation in elderly and senile patients, as well as to the decreased activity of their altered blood vessels of the skin. PMID- 3490081 TI - High affinity protein-binding and enzyme-inducing activity of methyltrienolone in Pseudomonas testosteroni. AB - The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R 1881) was shown to increase steroid delta 1 dehydrogenase activity when added to cultures of Pseudomonas testosteroni at concentrations of 10(-10)-10(-8)M. Incubation with a soluble extract of P. testosteroni showed that (3H)-R 1881 was bound to a macromolecule with high affinity (Kd 0.6 X 10(-9)M) and low capacity (number of binding sites 120 X 10( 15) mol/mg of protein). The (3H)-R 1881-macromolecule complex was partially destroyed following treatment with protease, was precipitated by addition of ammonium sulfate at 20% of saturation, sedimented at 6.3 S both in 0.01 and 0.4 M KCl solutions, and had an isoelectric point of pH 6.3. The complex was partially bound to DNA-cellulose. Analysis by sucrose gradient centrifugation indicated that neither (3H)-testosterone and (3H)-estradiol-17 beta nor (3H)-corticosterone were bound with high affinity to the (3H)-R 1881-binding macromolecule. It is suggested that the partially characterized R 1881-binding macromolecule, which at least in certain respects resembles androgen receptors described in mammalian cells, is involved in the inductive effect of R 1881 on the delta 1 dehydrogenase activity in P. testosteroni. PMID- 3490082 TI - Mechanocardiographic assessment of myocardial function. PMID- 3490083 TI - Left ventricular dysfunction versus paravalvular leak in patients with mitral disc prostheses. AB - Left ventricular dysfunction and prosthesis malfunction are the main causes of hemodynamic deterioration following prosthetic mitral valve replacement. The aim of this study is to reassess the usefulness of a combined echo-phonocardiographic technique to differentiate these different situations in order to select medical or surgical treatment in patients with a mitral disc prosthesis. Two patient groups were studied. The first group consists of five patients with paravalvular leak (PL), surgically or pathologically verified. Second group: nine patients with left ventricular failure (LVF) and normal functioning prosthesis. The diastolic diameter of the left ventricle (LV) was significantly increased in the LVF group compared with the PL group. A protodiastolic hump was present in four cases of PL. The variability of the interval between A2 and the mitral valve opening (delta A2-MVO) was less than 30 msec in the LVF group and greater than 30 msec in the PL group. The interval between A2 and maximal LV posterior wall (A2 PW) exceeded 60 msec in the PL group and was shorter than 60 msec in the LVF group. IN CONCLUSION: the echo-phonocardiographic technique, especially when by using two newly proposed parameters, seems to be very useful to discriminate between PL and LVF. PMID- 3490085 TI - Multivariate analysis of mechanocardiographic indices in normal subjects as a function of aging. PMID- 3490086 TI - Heart rate-respiration relationship: computerized method for early assessment of cardiac autonomic damage in diabetic patients. AB - This study compares the sensitivity of electrocardiographic R-R methods, used alone and with respiration, for diagnosis of cardiac disautonomy in diabetic patients. In 12 diabetic subjects with laboratory signs of neuropathy (45 +/- 10.4 years) (group A), 24 diabetic subjects without neuropathy (45 +/- 11.9 years) (group B) and 16 normal subjects (43 +/- 12.6 years) (group C), electrocardiogram and respiration were on-line digitized during spontaneous breathing and hyperpnea at 3-18 breaths/minute. Heart rate, R-R standard deviation (SD), R-R range (RG) and cross-correlation function (CC) were computed. Reproducibility was tested in 10 normal volunteers (age 22-28 years, mean 25.2). During spontaneous breathing, heart rate was 87.5 +/- 11.8 beats/min in group A, 77.3 +/- 10.8 in group B, and 71.6 +/- 14.9 in group C (p less than 0.05); RG was 102 +/- 51 msec in group A, 166 +/- 78 in group B and 272 +/- 168 in group C (p less than 0.005); SD was 18.2 +/- 10.1 msec in group A, 29.3 +/- 13.7 in group B and 49.2 +/- 26.5 in group C (p less than 0.001); CC was 2.38 +/- 0.66 units in group A, 3.00 +/- 0.72 in group B and 3.85 +/- 0.59 in group C (p less than 0.0001). During hyperpnea the difference between A and B increased for SD, RG (p less than 0.01) and CC (p less than 0.001). CC better discriminates between normals and diabetics without neuropathy during normal breathing; hyperpnea enhances the relationship heart rate-respiration in normal and, at a lesser degree, in diabetic subjects, thus slightly improving the method. The CC method had better reproducibility and lower intersubject variability than traditional methods of R-R variability. PMID- 3490084 TI - New techniques in mechanocardiography. AB - Many new approaches towards noninvasive cardiology have been introduced into clinical practice recently and "old" methods such as apexcardiography reevaluated. Problems concerning calibration of some of these systems will be discussed briefly. Advances have been made recently in the field of optical methods: chest wall displacement can be obtained using light sources (Moire interferograms and laser displacement). Combination of different methods: echo-, phono- and mechanocardiography, have led to completely new insights in the genesis of low frequency and high frequency vibrations of the heart. Digital signal processing methods have been developed for the analysis of combined echo phono-mechanocardiograms. In this way left ventricular function can be determined in a very effective way. PMID- 3490087 TI - Evaluation of chest wall distortion related to cardiac activity by structured lights. A study of the apical impulse by the Moire technique. AB - The use of structured lights and especially of the Moire technique to evaluate chest wall distortion in front of the apical impulse allows a topographic study of the precordial movement in relation with cardiac activity. Shade Moire technology offers the possibility to study a reduced area of the chest with a good enlargement effect and well contrasted fringes. Projected Moire allows the study of an increased area of the chest (40 cm2) and provides less contrasted pictures with a reduced enlargement effect. Both techniques offer the possibility of automatic imaging. The study of a normal subject is realized with a topographic evaluation of the chest wall distortion on a endsystolic frame. 3D representation of the chest wall deformation is performed after image treatment on a endsystolic print. PMID- 3490088 TI - Echocardiographic findings in patients with a positive jugular venous pulse tracing. PMID- 3490089 TI - Mechanocardiographic estimation of left ventricular contractility. PMID- 3490090 TI - Mechanocardiographic assessment of hemodynamic parameters in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3490091 TI - Effects of left atrial hemodynamics on apexcardiographic diastole. PMID- 3490092 TI - Functional correlates of the kinetocardiographic bulge in infarcted patients. PMID- 3490093 TI - Quantification of the influence of mass and contact diameter of phonocardiographic transducers on high frequency heart sound recordings. PMID- 3490094 TI - Effect of DC-shocks of 400 Joules on the AV-node. AB - Ablation of the AV-node with direct current shocks and 6-French U.S.C.I. catheters was performed in 8 patients with disabling supraventricular arrhythmias. An initial shock of 400 Joules was chosen in most instances. In all patients transient or permanent complete AV-block was obtained. For one patient the procedure was considered a failure, after three sessions. Five patients remain in complete AV-block. Average escape rhythm at first ambulatory follow-up was 47 bpm. The block seems to be situated at the level of the bundle of His, or distal of this level. The other two patients are clinically improved with impaired AV-conduction. A pacemaker was implanted in all patients. PMID- 3490095 TI - Correlation of cineangiographic and pathology findings in coronary artery disease. AB - In order to correlate the percent of coronary lumen reduction measured by cineangiography and by pathology, we reviewed the coronary trees of 12 patients who died of coronary heart disease. The 36 arterial segments were divided in two groups: group I showing a good correlation in its 24 segments (less than 15% difference between both methods, r = 0.90), and group II (12 segments) with a poor correlation. No significant differences were found every time there was a greater than 70% stenosis. Milder lesions have a higher rate of discrepancies, due to pathology overestimation because of collapse of the vessel and tissue shrinkage, and to the angiographic underestimation that appears when comparing the stenotic segment with a remaining presumably normal artery. PMID- 3490096 TI - Individual relationship between heart rate and electromechanic systole in orthostatic test during autonomic blockade. AB - The aim of this work was to investigate the usefulness of the individual regression coefficients between the HR and the Q-A2 when studying their relationship during simultaneous changes in afterload and preload in combination with autonomic blockade. Twelve healthy male volunteers were studied in an orthostatic test done four times: without drugs (control test), after atropinization, after beta-blockade, as well as after combined beta-blockade and atropinization. The individual regression coefficients showed great inter individual variation, and in average they were not significantly different in the four tests. However, it was observed that during the control test four, during the atropinization eight, during the beta-blockade three and during the combined beta-blockade and atropinization five individual regression coefficients were greater than -2.1, which is the regression coefficient used for the rate correction of the Q-A2 in males in the Weissler formula. It seems to use that the individual regression coefficents are useful in the evaluation of the relationship between the HR and the Q-A2 in pharmacological or physiological interventions, in which the intra-individual variation is great, and in which the number of subjects is often so small that group regressions are not very informative. PMID- 3490097 TI - Twenty-five year incidence and prediction of coronary heart disease in two Italian rural population samples. The Italian Research Group of the Seven Countries Study. AB - 1712 men aged 40-59 at entry examination in 1960 and representing 98.8% of defined geographical samples in Northern and Central rural Italy, have been followed up for 25 years with continuous monitoring of mortality and causes of death and repeated examinations for the measurement of coronary heart diseases (CHD) incidence. In 25 years 810 men died from all causes and 198 from CHD. Incidence in CHD-free men at entry, has been 123 per 1000 for CHD death, 151 per 1000 for hard criteria CHD (deaths plus definite myocardial infarction alive) and 305 per 1000 for any criteria CHD (deaths plus definite myocardial infarction, plus possible myocardial infarction, plus angina pectoris, plus other manifestations. PMID- 3490098 TI - Spontaneous disappearance of right atrial thromboembolus without pulmonary embolism. AB - A right atrial thromboembolus was detected by two-dimensional echocardiography in a 78-year-old woman with no signs of pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulant therapy was given. The thromboembolus gradually disappeared within four months, and repeat lung perfusion scintigrams during this time did not show any signs of pulmonary embolization. PMID- 3490100 TI - Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis with patent ductus arteriosus. A report of a case. AB - A case of pulmonary valve endocarditis in a patient with patent ductus arteriosus is reported. The diagnosis was made by echocardiographic examination. The M mode echocardiogram showed "shaggy" echoes on the pulmonic valve and the two dimensional echocardiogram disclosed a big vegetation in the right outflow tract. The patient underwent surgery with complete cardiopulmonary bypass. The ductus arteriosus was closed by endopulmonary approach and the pulmonic vegetation was removed. PMID- 3490099 TI - Outlet strut fracture of the 27 mm convexoconcave Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. Report of 2 cases. AB - Two patients with outlet strut fracture of the convexoconcave Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis are described and all published cases are reviewed. The pertinent clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features are discussed. Prompt recognition of this complication is essential and broader dissemination of information to the medical community on this problem is necessary. PMID- 3490101 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on blood flow and albumin extravasation in experimental granulation tissue. AB - This work was prompted by an earlier observation according to which daily local administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances granulation tissue formation. Effects of EGF on blood flow and albumin extravasation in developing granulation tissue and various skin regions were studied in the rat. Cylindrical hollow cellulose sponge implants were used as an inductive matrix for the growth of granulation tissue. In the test group the implants were injected daily with a solution containing 5 micrograms of EGF in 0.1% albumin while the implants of the control group were treated correspondingly with the carrier solution only. Analyses of local blood flow and albumin extravasation were made 7 days after implantation. In EGF-treated rats granulation tissue blood flow was significantly higher than that in control rats. In both groups blood flow values of the incision scar region were significantly higher than those of the lumbar skin, but no inter-group differences were detected. In implants injected with EGF the albumin extravasation clearly exceeded that of control implants. Albumin extravasation in the incision scar region was higher than that in the lumbar skin in both groups. Elevated local blood flow and increased albumin extravasation as a possible sign of enhanced neovascularization and augmented inflammatory response may partly explain the accelerated repair observed in EGF-treated wounds. PMID- 3490102 TI - Dissection of the abdominal aorta associated with traumatic aneurysms of the iliac vessels. Case report. AB - Dissection of the abdominal aorta without an associated thoracic dissection is uncommon. It is usually associated with blunt abdominal trauma and commonly presents early with aortic occlusion. A case is presented where abdominal aortic dissection presented two months after lower abdominal trauma. It is suggested that the initiating event in this case was injury to the iliac vessels. PMID- 3490104 TI - [Augmented production of interleukin 2 in a child with acute myelomonocytic leukemia having interleukin-1-producing leukemia cells: Its transient occurrence during an early stage of the hematological relapse]. PMID- 3490103 TI - Cirrhosis and bleeding ileal varices without previous intraabdominal surgery. A case report. AB - A case is reported in which gastrointestinal bleeding was caused by ruptured ileal varices in a patient without previous intraabdominal surgery. Shunting took place via veins in adhesions which were the results of a previous periappendicular abscess. This implies that the clinical entity has to be extended to bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, cirrhosis of the liver, and previous intraabdominal surgery or previous intraabdominal inflammatory disease. PMID- 3490105 TI - [A case of combined abnormalities with plasminogen abnormality, type IIA von Willebrand disease, hypofibrinogenemia and hemolysis]. PMID- 3490107 TI - Clonal assay of human B-cell colonies from patients with B-cell-related malignancies and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3490106 TI - Morphological and functional studies of myeloma cells with haemophagocytosis. PMID- 3490108 TI - Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and CSF-stimulating activity produced by a human giant cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 3490109 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a Japanese haemophiliac: report of a case. PMID- 3490111 TI - Comparison of the response to phytohemagglutinin, of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Determination of the frequency of the precursor cells by a limiting dilution analysis. AB - Proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes (CSF-L) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases (OND) was tested using either bulk culture conditions or limiting dilution techniques in the presence of additional exogenous IL2. CSF-L response to PHA was found significantly lower than that of PBMC in both MS and OND patients. There was no significant difference in the response of CSF-L between the two groups. The limiting dilution analysis of the frequency of the precursors of PHA-responsive cells showed a strikingly decreased frequency of these precursors among CSF-L. PMID- 3490110 TI - Influence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and a dopamine uptake blocker on the distribution of 11C-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 11C-MPTP, in the head of the rhesus monkey. AB - N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP, is a neurotoxic substance known to induce a parkinsonian syndrome in primates. The distribution of intravenously injected 11C-labelled MPTP (11C-MPTP) in the head of Rhesus monkeys was studied by means of positron emission tomography, PET. The influence of pretreatment with two monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, namely pargyline and clorgyline, and a dopamine uptake blocker, nomifensine, on the distribution was also evaluated. The 11C-radioactivity was taken up in all brain regions and maximum radioactivities were found 3-8 min after intravenous administration of MPTP. The 11C-MPTP-derived radioactivity showed a constant value throughout the study period in areas corresponding to the striatum and mesencephalon in monkeys not pretreated and in monkeys pretreated with clorgyline and with nomifensine. Pargyline pretreatment, however, resulted in consecutive elimination of 11C-MPTP derived radioactivity from the different brain regions with half-lives of 40-60 min. The total radioactivity in blood was also higher after pargyline pretreatment indicating successful inhibition of metabolism. The eyes and temporal muscle each showed radioactivity values of the same order in all monkeys irrespective of pretreatment. The results support findings by other authors that MPTP was rapidly converted in the brain to a reactive metabolite which concentration remained constant in the brain during the PET study. Pargyline in the dosage used is known to be a non-selective MAO inhibitor and it prevented the metabolism of 11C-MPTP to the products retained in the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490112 TI - Reduced lumbar cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is widely distributed within the brain and spinal cord and may have direct extrahypophysiotrophic effects, independent of its pituitary action. The CRF level was measured using, the RIA method in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 5 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in CSF from 10 patients with discopathy, treated as a controlled group. The median values of CRF level in the patients with ALS was 27.5 pg/ml, and this value was significantly lower than in controls, 53.5 pg/ml (P less than 0.05). These results suggests that CRF may be related in the pathophysiology of ALS. PMID- 3490114 TI - Phenotypic in situ characterization of lymphocytes in mild alcoholic liver disease. AB - The subsets and expression of activation markers of inflammatory mononuclear cells in mild alcoholic liver disease were studied using monoclonal antibodies and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. There were few B cells and monocytes in situ. Most of the mononuclear cells were of T cell origin, T4 and T8 positive cells being evenly distributed in a ratio of 2 to 1. This contrasts with the present and earlier findings on autoimmune liver diseases. The frequency of Ia (HLA-DR) positive cells varied between 15 and 30% of all mononuclear cells, which indicates activation of the local T cells. This implies that T cells in alcoholic fatty liver are not innocent bystanders but actively participate in the local inflammatory process. Staining for Tac, 4F2 and T9 was completely negative, however. These findings suggest that the local T cell activation may be incomplete and that it is not as extensive as in autoimmune liver diseases. PMID- 3490113 TI - Production of pyrogen by polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the course of casein induced peritonitis in rabbits. AB - Rabbits with casein-induced peritonitis were febrile only during the early stage (1.5 to 12 hours) of inflammation. At that stage, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) had preformed endogenous pyrogen (EP), while blood leukocytes and leukocytes obtained at the later stage of the inflammatory process did not. Early PEC consisted of 99% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). As early PEC and highly purified PMN (almost 100% pure) released almost identical amounts of EP, we concluded that PMN were the EP-producing cells in the early PEC. EP from PMN of rabbits was composed of three factors with similar molecular weight (8,000 to 18,000) but different pI values (pI 7.2, 5.4, and 4.5). EP in the three fractions could not be separated from thymocyte comitogenic factor (TMF) in terms of m.w. and pI values. About 60% of EP activity and 92% of TMF activity in the culture supernatant were present in the pI 7.2 fraction. The pI 7.2 factor was weaker in EP activity and stronger in TMF activity than the other acidic fractions (pI 5.4 and 4.5). After high purification, 42 ng of the pI 7.2 factor had one unit of EP activity: one unit of TMF activity was present in 126 pg of highly purified pI 7.2 factor. PMID- 3490116 TI - Diagnostic systems for schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study of concordance from India. AB - In a cross-sectional study, five diagnostic systems for schizophrenia: CATEGO, Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, Feighner's Criteria, and Schneider's First Rank Symptoms, were evaluated for their usefulness, comprehensiveness and concordance, using a clinical diagnosis conforming to the ICD-9 concept of schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 112 patients. It was found that all the diagnostic systems had good agreement with the index diagnosis. The rate of concordance among the systems varied. The advantages and limitations of each system and its usefulness in Indian context are discussed. PMID- 3490115 TI - Clinical and social characteristics of male parasuicides: variation by employment status and duration of unemployment. AB - In this study employed and unemployed male parasuicides were compared on a number of clinical, sociodemographic and other characteristics in order to establish which, if any, were significantly related to employment status. A further analysis examined variation in personal attributes by duration of unemployment. The unemployed group was found to contain a higher proportion of individuals who were unmarried, living outside the family, of lower social class, given a diagnosis of abnormal personality, misusing drugs habitually, in trouble with the police and with a criminal record. Comparisons within the unemployed group showed that age and civil state varied significantly by duration of unemployment, but no linear trend was evident. Longer durations of unemployment were associated significantly with personality diagnosis and receipt of psychotropic drug treatment. Within the limits dictated by the study design (cross-sectional, without general population controls), the findings are discussed in terms of their compatibility with the causal or self-selection models of the unemployment parasuicide relationship. PMID- 3490117 TI - Synergy of methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine on cell growth and clonogenicity of cultured human T-lymphoblasts. PMID- 3490118 TI - Purine metabolism by guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 3490119 TI - Role of intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels in DNA repair in human lymphocytes. PMID- 3490120 TI - Inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation by adenosine and deoxyadenosine in human peripheral lymphocytes and malignant lymphoid cell lines. PMID- 3490121 TI - S-adenosylmethionine metabolism as a target for adenosine toxicity. PMID- 3490122 TI - Ethanol induced nucleotide catabolism in mouse T lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. PMID- 3490123 TI - Inhibition of T cell cytotoxicity by cyclosporine (CSA), adenosine (Ado) and an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA). PMID- 3490124 TI - Mechanism of urate production by guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 3490125 TI - Pathways of adenine nucleotide catabolism in human erythrocytes. PMID- 3490126 TI - Antigen-specific enhancement of the human antibody response by a substituted nucleoside. PMID- 3490127 TI - Mechanism of cytotoxicity of 2-chloro and 2-bromodeoxyadenosine for a human lymphoblastic cell line, CCRF-CEM. PMID- 3490128 TI - Determination of S-adenosylhomocysteine in tissues following pharmacological inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolism. PMID- 3490129 TI - In vivo inhibition of mouse liver methyltransferase enzymes following treatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin and 2'-deoxyadenosine. PMID- 3490130 TI - Inhibitor of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase induced in human T lymphoblastoid cell line treated with deoxyadenosine, deoxycoformycin and interferon. PMID- 3490131 TI - Reactivity and tumorigenicity of bay-region diol epoxides derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - During the past decade substantial progress has been made in elucidating factors that determine the tumorigenic activity of bay-region diol epoxides, major ultimate carcinogenic metabolites derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Neither high nor low chemical reactivity of the diol epoxides (as measured by rates of uncatalyzed solvolysis) is required for high tumorigenic response. In contrast, aspects of molecular structure such as conformation and absolute configuration strongly influence tumorigenic activity. The role of conformation is illustrated by the observation that those diol epoxides whose hydroxyl groups are pseudoaxial are weak or inactive as tumorigens. Absolute configuration is an important determinant of biological activity of bay-region diol epoxides: in all cases studied to date, the predominantly formed (R,S)-diol-(S,R)-epoxides are generally the most tumorigenic of the four metabolically possible configurational isomers. In the course of investigating the effects of structural factors on tumorigenic activity, we identified the (4R,3S)-diol-(2S,1R)-epoxide of benzo(c)phenanthrene as the most potent tumorigen (in initiation-promotion experiments on mouse skin) of the diol epoxides studied to date. Studies of all four configurationally isomeric diol epoxides derived from benzo(c)phenanthrene led to the striking observation that these diol epoxides exhibit an exceptionally high efficiency of covalent binding, relative to hydrolysis, when allowed to react with calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution. Thus, these diol epoxides should provide an excellent tool for the detailed study of such binding. When the four isomeric benzo(c)phenanthrene diol epoxides are compared, there appears to be no simple correlation between tumorigenic response and either the extent of binding to DNA or the major types of deoxyribonucleoside adducts formed. Deoxyribonucleoside adducts of benzo(c)phenanthrene diol epoxide have also been identified from the DNA of cultured rodent embryo cells after treatment of the cells with tritium-labeled benzo(c)phenanthrene. The distribution of adducts is consistent with predominant metabolic formation of the (4R,3S)-diol-(2S,1R) epoxide; deoxyadenosine is the major site in the cellular DNA attacked by this epoxide, just as it is in DNA in solution. Further experiments are in progress which we hope will identify more subtle aspects of the DNA binding of benzo(c)phenanthrene diol epoxides that may be uniquely correlated with their tumorigenic activity. PMID- 3490133 TI - 3-Hydroxy-trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene, a metabolite of 3 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. PMID- 3490132 TI - Drug interactions with macrolide antibiotics: specificity of pseudo-suicide inhibition and induction of cytochrome P-450. AB - Macrolide antibiotics like Erythromycin and Tri-acetyl oleandomycin (TAO) are metabolized to nitrosoderivatives which cause inactivation of Cytochrome P-450 by forming stable complex with the Iron of the hemoporphyrin. Several derivatives of erythromycin having lost their cladinose moiety are stronger inducer of liver cytochrome P-450 itself. The major form of cytochrome P-450 induced by all these macrolides in rat liver electrophoretically and immunologically indistinguishable from the major form induced by pregnenolone 16 alpha carbonitrile (PCN). This form is particularly able to metabolize macrolide and to lead to the corresponding 456 nm absorbing cytochrome P-450 complexes in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3490134 TI - [Microelectrode depth study of the electroretinogram--the oscillatory potential]. PMID- 3490135 TI - [Study on classification and assessment of the degree of congenital color deficiencies using the 40 Hue Test devised as a color aptitude test and minute test]. PMID- 3490137 TI - Angiography in penetrating neck injuries. PMID- 3490136 TI - [A pedigree of Reis-Bucklers' dystrophy in five generations]. PMID- 3490138 TI - Interventional radiologic management of sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 3490139 TI - Percutaneous aspiration and drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - Twenty-five patients with pancreatic pseudocysts had therapeutic intervention procedures that included diagnostic aspiration, short-term drainage (aspiration until completely drained), and long-term catheter drainage. Diagnostic aspirations were used to classify the pseudocysts as infected or noninfected. Short-term drainage was performed on six pseudocysts (two infected and four noninfected) with little success. One resolved and five recurred. Fifteen pseudocysts were treated by long-term catheter drainage. Eight of these (four infected and four noninfected) resolved after initial long-term drainage; two others resolved after additional drainage. The cure rate in these 15 patients was 67%. The other five patients were treated surgically after they had been stabilized but not cured by percutaneous drainage. Complications were few and uniformly minor except for one pneumothorax. Percutaneous aspiration should be used in the diagnosis of pancreatic fluid collections. In noninfected pseudocysts, drainage can be curative. In infected pseudocysts, percutaneous drainage is useful to stabilize the patient and can be either a cure or a temporizing measure until surgery can be performed. PMID- 3490140 TI - Basket extraction of esophageal foreign bodies. PMID- 3490141 TI - Effect of suction on biopsy sample size. PMID- 3490142 TI - A method for retrieval of retained subcutaneous catheter fragments. PMID- 3490143 TI - Lower-extremity venography: value of femoral-vein compression. PMID- 3490144 TI - A technique for image salvage in MR. PMID- 3490145 TI - The scientific literature in diagnostic radiology for American readers: a survey and analysis of journals, papers, and authors. AB - The scientific literature in diagnostic radiology for American readers was surveyed by studying the recent growth of its journals, papers and authors. The number of journals has increased rapidly, following the growth in the production of papers. Of the 36 scientific diagnostic radiology journals available at a university medical center, 18 began publication in 1973 or later. The proliferation of new journals should moderate as the size of the American diagnostic radiology research community stabilizes and the newer journals publish a growing share of the papers. Citation analysis, a method of studying interrelationships between papers and journals, showed that citations from papers published in clinical journals to papers published in diagnostic radiology journals accounted for 6% of total citations made in those clinical journals. This observation indicates that research in diagnostic radiology has considerable relevance to research in clinical medicine. Although the number of papers from American diagnostic radiology researches increased from 468 papers in two journals in 1960 to 2861 papers in 16 journals in 1984, the number of researchers increased more rapidly, resulting in a decline in aggregate productivity. At the same time, the average number of authors per paper increased from 2.15 in 1960 to 4.36 in 1985. The first authorship of a scientific paper appears to be the most suitable quantitative measure of research productivity. Study of a sample of 130 diagnostic radiology researchers showed that, on average, each researcher published 3.8 papers as first author in the 5 years from 1980 to 1984. The most prolific 15% of the authors published 52% of the papers. PMID- 3490146 TI - The fibromatoses: CT-pathologic correlation. AB - Although CT has been used in the evaluation of benign fibroblastic tumors (fibromatoses), data are lacking on radiologic-histopathologic correlation. In an attempt to explain the variable CT appearance of these lesions, a retrospective analysis was carried out of CT findings and histopathologic features in nine patients with fibromatoses. In three of four patients who had precontrast CT scans, the tumors were hyperdense relative to muscle, whereas in one patient the lesion was hypodense. The postenhancement appearance was variable. The pathologic specimens were analyzed and graded for collagen content, cellular content, tumor necrosis, and tumor vascularity. No consistent relationship could be established between the CT appearance of these lesions and their histologic appearance. PMID- 3490147 TI - Some applications for a personal computer data-base system in radiology. AB - Applications for a personal-computer-based relational data-base system in an academic radiologist's office are described. These include archival and flexible retrieval of desired cases from clinical-case and teaching-file data bases and data-base management of a transparency-slide collection and radiology journal articles. All applications were implemented by using commercially available software that was specially adapted for each purpose. These data-base systems have been effective organizing tools over the past 4 years. PMID- 3490148 TI - Should radiologists perform endoscopy? PMID- 3490149 TI - The Society of Uroradiology: abstracts from 1986 meeting. The Hague, Holland, May 3-4, 1986. PMID- 3490150 TI - Circumflex retroesophageal right aortic arch. PMID- 3490151 TI - Significant delayed pneumothoraces. PMID- 3490152 TI - Fluoroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3490153 TI - More on fluoroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3490154 TI - Screening mammography. PMID- 3490155 TI - IA-DSA and rupture of thoracic aorta. PMID- 3490156 TI - Tracheal dimensions in childhood. PMID- 3490157 TI - Papaverine as a coronary vasodilator. PMID- 3490158 TI - Incompatibility of Hexabrix and papaverine. PMID- 3490159 TI - Caldwell lecture. Armchair research and the practicing radiologist. PMID- 3490160 TI - MR imaging of the lumbar spine: anatomic correlations and the effects of technical variations. AB - A correlative anatomic study, a retrospective review of MR images performed in 35 patients, and a series of tests of the effectiveness of various MR scanning techniques were performed in order to improve comprehension of lumbar spine anatomy depicted on MR images, and thereby facilitate development of an optimal scanning protocol. Correlation of MR images with cryomicrotomed cadaver specimens enhanced understanding of the MR depiction of the intervertebral disks, ligamentum flavum, nerve roots, epidural fat, and epidural veins. Experiments were performed to assess the efficacy of a surface coil applied to the back, a solenoidal surface coil, a standard body coil, and an abdominal compression device in optimizing image quality. Experiments were also performed to determine the effect of alterations in the pulse sequence and variations of the phase encoding axis. Based on these results, a protocol is proposed for routine imaging of the lumbar spine that yields high-resolution sagittal and oblique images and that does not require a surface coil. The recommended protocol employs heavily T1 weighted images with phase encoding along the z axis for sagittal images and along the x axis for axial images. This protocol yields multiple sagittal and oblique axial images through each of the lumbar disks, a larger field of view than obtained with surface coils, and a reduction of total imaging time to as little as 10 min. PMID- 3490162 TI - CT of esophageal-pleural fistulae. AB - Diagnosis of esophageal-pleural fistulae may be difficult in the absence of mediastinitis. To determine the value of CT in establishing this diagnosis and in detecting mediastinal involvement, CT findings in seven patients with esophageal pleural fistulae were studied retrospectively. The fistulae were secondary to surgery (five patients), esophageal dilatation (one patient), and esophageal carcinoma (one patient). CT findings included barium, air, and fluid in the pleural space and pneumonia. These abnormalities seemed to distinguish an esophageal fistula from other pathologic processes, such as aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary emboli, and bronchopleural fistulae, and they documented a lack of inflammatory reactions in the mediastinum associated with the fistula. The latter finding is important, because patients with esophageal-pleural fistulae without mediastinitis have a less severe clinical course and respond better to conservative treatment. CT is useful for patients with normal findings on esophagrams when suspicion of esophageal-pleural fistulae remains high and when satisfactory esophagrams cannot be obtained. PMID- 3490161 TI - Radiographic manifestations of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia vs usual interstitial pneumonia. AB - The radiographic findings in 24 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and 16 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia were reviewed and compared. Some cases of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia have been mistaken for usual interstitial pneumonia, although the two diseases have distinct pathologic findings. Clinically, the diseases often have different manifestations. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia has a better prognosis and often responds well to steroids. This study shows that the radiologic findings of bronchiolitis obliterans include alveolar opacities without lung-volume loss. Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia, however, have bilateral diffuse interstitial opacities with occasional honeycomb changes, and there is loss of lung volume in most patients. These findings suggest that the chest radiograph can aid in distinguishing the two diseases. PMID- 3490163 TI - Cine-CT technique for evaluation of left ventricular function during supine exercise. PMID- 3490164 TI - Pharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS. AB - The radiographic appearance of gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS has been described previously, but little attention has been paid to pharyngeal involvement. This study compared the radiographic findings of pharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in eight patients with AIDS and dysphagia to those of visual inspection by laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy. Barium pharyngography (six patients) demonstrated nodular lesions without ulceration, ranging in extent from a single nodule to extensive confluent disease. CT (two patients) showed nodular or polypoid intraluminal protrusions, distortion of valleculae and pyriform sinuses, infiltration of deep-tissue planes, and adenopathy. A 4-mm nodular lesion was not seen on pharyngography. Radiographic evaluation provided supplemental information in six patients, especially regarding inferior extent of disease in four whose bulky lesions precluded adequate visual assessment. CT aided in defining deep-tissue-plane involvement and extent of nodal disease. It is concluded that barium pharyngography and CT are useful in the diagnostic evaluation of possible Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS and dysphagia. PMID- 3490165 TI - Spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the portal venous system. PMID- 3490166 TI - CT diagnosis of primary small-bowel volvulus. PMID- 3490167 TI - Gaucher's disease type 1: assessment of bone involvement by CT and scintigraphy. AB - The effectiveness of CT and technetium-99m sulfur colloid (99mTc SC) bone-marrow scans in determining the extent and severity of skeletal involvement in 23 patients with type 1 Gaucher's disease was compared with the effectiveness of conventional radiographic techniques and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) bone scintigrams. Density measurements obtained by CT proved sensitive in differentiating normal marrow (-50 to -120 H). Scintigrams with the sulfur colloid nuclide demonstrated three distinct patterns of uptake: peripheral expansion of normal marrow (profile B), greater marrow expansion with patchy areas lacking uptake (profile C), and greater loss of uptake with retention of the nuclide in other reticuloendothelial organs and circulation (profile D). CT scans provided greater sensitivity in resolving the extent of marrow involvement in affected areas, while the 99mTc SC scintigrams were more effective in overall assessment of the severity of bone-marrow involvement. Both conventional radiographic techniques and 99mTc MDP bone scans were useful primarily as screening procedures or for evaluating specific involved areas. 99mTc MDP scans were useful in evaluating regional defects (i.e., ischemic necrosis) in certain cases, but no consistent patterns were observed. CT and 99mTc SC scans are useful for determining the extent and severity of Gaucher's disease involvement of bone marrow. PMID- 3490168 TI - Neuroradiologic findings in AIDS: a review of 200 cases. AB - The radiologic studies of 200 consecutive AIDS patients with neurologic symptoms were evaluated to determine their diagnostic specificity and prognostic value. Of 81 patients with initially normal CT scans, four (5%) later developed progressive neurologic illness. Of 75 patients with CT evidence of diffuse cerebral atrophy, 12 (16%) later developed CT abnormalities or had postmortem CNS disease. CT scans showed mass lesions initially in 44 patients and later in an additional seven patients. Although toxoplasma gondii infection was the most frequent cause of these lesions, the CT characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis are too nonspecific to warrant diagnosis without biopsy. Preliminary evidence suggests that MRI may be more sensitive than CT in detecting intracranial disease in patients with AIDS. PMID- 3490170 TI - Therapeutic endoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Patients with variceal or other gastrointestinal hemorrhage require aggressive resuscitative measures and early diagnosis for optimal therapy. A number of nonsurgical endoscopic modalities, such as laser therapy, sclerotherapy, heater probe and electrocoagulation (monopolar or bipolar), are available to arrest and sometimes to prevent hemorrhage. The family physician should be aware of these options so that access to them can be offered to patients if needed. PMID- 3490169 TI - Penetrating vascular injuries of the face and neck: clinical and angiographic correlation. AB - A retrospective review was made of 139 clinically stable patients who had sustained penetrating trauma to the face and neck. The study was done to learn more about the indications for angiography and the impact of angiography upon patient management. Some relationship between the physical examination and the angiographic findings was found. In the presence of any one of four physical signs or symptoms (absent pulse, bruit, hematoma, or alteration of neurologic status) there was a 30% incidence of vascular injury. However, it is unlikely that a clinically significant traumatic vascular lesion will be missed if angiography is not obtained when these clinical signs and symptoms are not present. In the group of 78 patients who presented with only a wound penetrating the platysma and no other findings or symptoms, just two had vascular injuries on angiograms; one of these lesions was minor and the other did not affect the patient's management. There was a substantially higher rate (50%) of vascular injury in patients with trauma cephalad to the angle of the mandible compared with 11% of patients who had neck trauma. Gunshot wounds were associated with vascular damage more frequently than were stab wounds. PMID- 3490171 TI - Circumferential wall thickness measurements of the human left ventricle: reference data for thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography. AB - New heart imaging methods, including echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and nuclear magnetic resonance, involve measurements of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness in cross sections perpendicular to the LV long axis. To provide a reference base, LV myocardial wall thicknesses were measured in human autopsy specimens. Short-axis views were chosen at the base of the heart, at the level of the papillary muscles and at a level close to the apex. At the 3 levels, LV wall thicknesses were measured for each of 36 circumferential sectors. The measurements revealed a nonuniformity of LV myocardial wall thickness, related to the papillary muscles, the anterior and posterior junctions with the right ventricle and the thinness of the ventricular septum. These findings help to explain the structured appearance of SPECT 201 thallium short-axis views. PMID- 3490173 TI - Bone marrow manifestations of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. A study of 30 cases. AB - Morphologic and clinical features of 30 patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) were studied with particular attention to bone marrow and blood manifestations. Twenty-four (80%) patients had marrow involvement with lymphoma in trephine biopsies at initial diagnosis; two other patients subsequently developed marrow involvement. The bone marrow lesions were diffuse in 58% of the cases and focal, nonparatrabecular in 42%. A morphologic spectrum of lymphoma cells was seen with cases classified into small cell, mixed cell, and large cell/immunoblastic lymphoma. The bone marrow lesions were characterized by a heteromorphous population of lymphocytes, prominent vascularity with endothelial cell proliferation, reticulin fibrosis, and a polycellular infiltrate composed of plasma cells, eosinophils, and histiocytes. The histopathologic features in bone marrow biopsies were not pathognomonic for PTCL; the differential diagnosis may include non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell type, polymorphous reactive lymphoid lesions, including those from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin's disease, and systemic mastocytosis. The patients ranged in age from 13 to 81 years (median, 61 years) and generally presented with constitutional symptoms, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Abnormalities in one or more hematologic parameters were common and, in general, related to the degree of bone marrow involvement. Hypocalcemia was found in 40% of the patients studied and hypercalcemia in 4%. The median survival for PTCL patients was 11 months. Patients with small cell lymphoma, large cell/immunoblastic lymphoma, and marked eosinophilia had the shortest median survivals. PMID- 3490172 TI - Breast-feeding, weaning patterns, and the risk of xerophthalmia in Southern Malawi. AB - A case-control study of breast-feeding and weaning patterns associated with xerophthalmia was conducted among children aged 24-71 mo in Southern Malawi in 1983. One hundred fifty-two children with active xerophthalmia were compared to 151 clinically normal children matched on age (+/- 12 mo), sex, and village of residence. All children were initially breast-fed; however, children with xerophthalmia began weaning onto porridge (p = 0.05) and ceased breast-feeding earlier (p less than 0.01 for 24-47 mo olds), had a shorter weaning interval (p less than 0.005), and were fully weaned from the breast for a longer duration (p less than 0.025) than the controls. The association between earlier cessation of breast-feeding and subsequent xerophthalmia was strongest during the immediate post-weaning years. These findings imply a protective role for breast-feeding against xerophthalmia in early childhood. PMID- 3490174 TI - B-cell malignant lymphoma with cerebriform nuclei showing mantle-zone cell phenotype. PMID- 3490175 TI - Hematochezia in infants less than 6 months of age. PMID- 3490177 TI - Probable autoimmune thyroid disease and combined immunodeficiency disease. AB - An 8-year-old girl with combined immunodeficiency secondary to adenosine deaminase deficiency developed thyroid failure of probable autoimmune origin manifested by linear growth deceleration, marked bone-age delay, and myxedema. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously reported. Immunologic abnormalities included absolute T-cell lymphopenia and markedly reduced in vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and to alloantigen in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease was suggested by the presence of antithyroglobulin antibodies in the serum and by decreased, patchy uptake of iodine 123 on a thyroid scan. Autoimmune thyroid disease may have developed because the immunodeficient state, with its greater deficiency of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, allowed expression of a clone of helper T lymphocytes specific for thyroidal antigens. Thus, autoimmune disease may be more common in immunodeficient states and appropriate surveillance should be instituted. PMID- 3490176 TI - Elevated serum calcium and osteocalcin levels from calcitriol in preterm infants. A prospective randomized study. AB - The hypothesis of this study was that pharmacologic doses of calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) would result in elevated levels of serum osteocalcin, the major noncollagenous bone protein, and calcium in infants of very low birth weight (less than 1500 g). Twenty-four infants of very low birth weight but of the appropriate weight for gestational age were matched in 250-g weight ranges and randomized into calcitriol treatment and control groups on the first day after birth. Treated infants received 4 micrograms/kg of calcitriol intravenously on entry and on the second and third study days. Controls did not receive calcitriol. Four infants from each group were hypocalcemic (serum calcium level, less than 7.0 mg/dL [less than 1.75 mmol/L]) on entry (five to 20 hours after birth) to the study. Seven infants received calcium replacement; data analyses with and without these infants were similar. Of the remaining 17 infants, eight were in the treatment group and nine were in the control group. Calcitriol significantly increased serum calcium and osteocalcin concentrations on days 2, 3, and 4 after birth compared with the control group. None of eight treated infants manifested hypocalcemia after calcitriol vs eight of nine controls. There were no acute changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, or urinary calcium loss nor were there changes at the infusion site, but the diastolic blood pressure increased with treatment. Although high doses of calcitriol may elevate serum calcium concentrations in infants of very low birth weight, we suggest that the long-term or subtle biologic effects of high doses of calcitriol remain to be studied and that its routine use not be recommended at present. PMID- 3490179 TI - Therapeutic use of gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, and cephalosporins in 10 hospitals in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 3490180 TI - Fibromyalgia (fibrositis) in children. AB - The features of fibromyalgia (fibrositis) in children are similar to those in adults with the syndrome. Both juveniles and adults report diffuse musculoskeletal aches and/or stiffness with typical modulating factors. Moreover, they have no systemic manifestations, and routine laboratory studies yield normal results. On physical examination in both children and adults, multiple soft tissue tender points are evident at characteristic, symmetric sites but with no evidence of arthritis. PMID- 3490178 TI - Frequent deletion and duplication of the steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. AB - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency is an HLA-linked disorder resulting from a mutation in the 21-OHase B gene encoding the adrenal cytochrome P450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation. To identify polymorphisms associated with 21-OHase deficiency, DNA samples from 22 unrelated patients with this disorder were examined with a human cDNA clone encoding the enzyme. Deletions of the active 21-OHase gene were found in almost one-fourth of classical 21-OHase deficiency alleles. In contrast, mild, "nonclassical" 21-OHase deficiency is associated with a duplicated 21-OHase gene. PMID- 3490181 TI - A new fundus finding in patients with zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 3490182 TI - A simple method for delivery of a subluxed lens. PMID- 3490183 TI - Association of Gm allotypes with the occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis in HLA B27-positive anterior uveitis. PMID- 3490184 TI - Mechanical transients initiated by ramp stretch and release to Po in frog muscle fibers. AB - Single fibers from the tibialis muscle of Rana temporaria were subjected to ramp stretches during tetanic stimulation at a sarcomere length of approximately 2 microns. Immediately after the stretch, or after different time delays, the active fiber was released against a constant force equal to the isometric force (Po) exerted immediately before the stretch. Four phases were detected after release: an elastic recoil of the fiber's undamped elements, a transient rapid shortening, a marked reduction in the velocity of shortening (often to 0), and an apparently steady shortening (sometimes absent). Increasing the amplitude of the stretch from approximately 2 to 10% of the fiber rest length led to an increase in phase 2 shortening from approximately 5 to 10 nm per half-sarcomere. Phase 2 shortening increased further (up to 14 nm per half-sarcomere) if a time interval of 5-10 ms was left between the end of large ramp stretches and release to Po. After 50- to 100-ms time intervals, shortening occurred in two steps of approximately 5 nm per half-sarcomere each. These findings suggest that phase 2 is due to charging, during and after the stretch, of a damped element, which can then shorten against Po in at least two steps of approximately 5 nm/half sarcomere each. PMID- 3490185 TI - Postischemic hemodynamics and recovery of renal adenosine triphosphate. AB - Renal vasoconstriction is an important pathophysiological component of an ischemic acute renal injury. The postischemic infusion of ATP-MgCl2 enhances recovery of glomerular and tubular function, accelerates regeneration of sublethally injured tubular cells, and augments resynthesis of cellular nucleotides. Since both ATP and MgCl2 are vasoactive compounds, postischemic enhancement of renal blood flow (RBF) by a pharmacological agent, dopamine, was examined to study the possible contribution of vasodilation. At 2 h, the infusion of dopamine resulted in RBF (1.70 +/- 0.09 ml X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1 X kidney 1) and inulin clearance (CIn, 400 +/- 44 microliter X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1) similar to rats treated with ATP-MgCl2 (1.73 +/- 0.27 RBF, 404 +/- 38 CIn) and significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than saline-treated rats (0.80 +/- 0.04 RBF, 78 +/- 19 CIn; P less than 0.01). However, by 24 h CIn in dopamine animals had not continued to improve (460 +/- 25 microliter X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1) and was similar to normal saline rats (388 +/- 40). In contrast, CIn in ATP-MgCl2 animals showed sustained recovery (676 +/- 28 microliter X min-1 X 100 g body wt 1, P less than 0.01). These differences resulted from improved integrity of tubular epithelium as reflected by decreased cell swelling and necrosis. Moreover, the recovery of renal ATP levels, as assessed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, in animals given saline (63 +/- 3%) or dopamine (66 +/- 5%) was slow and incomplete by 120 min after ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490186 TI - Regulation of cytosolic free calcium concentration in cultured renal epithelial cells. AB - The relative contribution by intracellular organelles to the regulation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was investigated in isolated cultured renal LLC PK1 cells. Exchangeable mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial Ca2+ represented 10 and 50% of total cell Ca2+ content, respectively. In the absence of Mg2+, Ca2+ added to cells made permeable with digitonin was rapidly sequestered by the mitochondria so that basal cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration (approximately 100 nM) was reestablished within minutes. Provision of Mg2+ and ATP resulted in biphasic Ca2+ buffering behavior. A slow, low-capacity system buffered exogenous Ca2+ to a steady-state level of 50-300 nM. Ca2+ buffering at these low Ca2+ concentrations was likely by the endoplasmic reticulum, since vanadate but not ruthenium red blocked the Ca2+ buffering ability. After the endoplasmic reticulum was saturated with Ca2+, exogenous Ca2+ was buffered by a fast, high-capacity organelle to a new steady-state level of 600-1,500 nM. The high-capacity system was identified as the mitochondria, since ruthenium red but not vanadate abolished Ca2+ buffering and resulted in release of previously sequestered Ca2+. Addition of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) resulted in rapid release from and reuptake of Ca2+ by the endoplasmic reticulum in digitonin-treated cells. We conclude that, under physiological conditions, most of the cell Ca2+ is stored in endoplasmic reticulum which is the functionally important organelle in buffering small changes in Ca2+ at the resting cytosolic free Ca2+ level. The mitochondrial compartment represents a high-capacity Ca2+ buffering system that may serve important physiological functions when large loads of Ca2+ are presented to the cell. In addition, IP3 mobilizes Ca2+ stored in the endoplasmic reticulum and may serve as the intracellular messenger to raise cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration transiently in response to stimuli. PMID- 3490188 TI - Psychological adjustment of families of children and adolescents treated for leukemia. AB - This report describes a follow-up study in which the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in a group of 42 children and adolescents treated for leukemia is compared with the prevalence of problems in a matched control group selected from the general population. The prevalence of problems among the siblings of the two groups, and the adjustment of the two groups of families, are also examined. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, for completion by parents, and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and Rutter B2 Behavioural Scale, for completion by teachers, are used to identify both social competence and behavioral problems. In addition, the Family Concept Inventory is used to evaluate the adjustment of families. The leukemic children and adolescents were found to have significantly more problems and less social competence, particularly in school-related activities, than either the control group or their own siblings. There was no difference in the prevalence of problems between the two groups of siblings, nor between the two groups of families. It is suggested that careful prospective studies are needed to identify the cause of the problems experienced by the leukemic children and adolescents so that programs may be developed to prevent their emergence. PMID- 3490187 TI - Cellular immune aspects of the human fetal-maternal relationship. AB - In the present study the number and the function of T lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of 35 mothers immediately after delivery and from the cord blood of the respective newborns were tested. Furthermore, the effect of the newborns' lymphocytes on the immunological competence of the mothers' lymphocytes was investigated by means of graft-versus-host-reaction xenograft test. The blood of 14 of the mothers and their newborns was also examined by monoclonal antibodies for determination of T helper and T suppressor lymphocytes. A marked reduction in the absolute number of T helper cells was found in the blood of mothers after delivery. In addition, mothers' lymphocytes manifested a high suppressor activity when added to normal human lymphocytes. It was also found that the cord blood contains lower number and percentage of T suppressor cells. Yet the T cells of the cord blood exert a high suppressor activity on the mother as well as on normal donor lymphocytes. The impaired function of cord blood lymphocytes could be impaired function of cord blood lymphocytes could be restored by in vitro addition of THF, a thymic hormone. PMID- 3490189 TI - Mandibular relapse in acute leukemia. Report of a case. AB - As chemotherapy has become more effective, patterns of relapse have begun to change. We report a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had an isolated mandibular relapse that was first manifested as dental pain. Eight other recently reported patients with acute leukemia who relapsed in the mandible are reviewed. In four the relapse was isolated to the mandible; all four had ALL. Local control of disease was achieved with radiotherapy, often combined with chemotherapy. However, our patient and two of the other four subsequently relapsed and died of refractory leukemia. PMID- 3490190 TI - Involvement of the thyroid in histiocytosis X. PMID- 3490191 TI - Folinic acid rescue in vincristine overdosage in mice. PMID- 3490192 TI - Humoral immunity to dietary antigens in atopic dermatitis. I. Biotin-avidin amplified ELISA-analysis for serum IgG antibodies. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) employing a biotin-avidin amplification step are described for the quantification of human serum IgG antibodies to the dietary antigens ovalbumin (OA) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG). The analytical quality of these assays was acceptable. Antibodies were measured in 16 patients with mild or moderate atopic dermatitis (AD), in 31 patients with a history of AD, and in closely matched controls. Levels of serum anti-OA antibodies did not differ in patients and controls, whereas anti-BLG antibodies tended to be higher in patients with mild or moderate AD than in controls (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3490194 TI - Fractionation of detergent lysates of cells by ammonium sulphate-induced phase separation. AB - A procedure is described for fractionating detergent lysates of cells based on the ability of (NH4)2SO4 to induce phase separation of detergents such as Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate, and sodium cholate, into detergent-rich and detergent depleted phases. An analysis of six murine lymphocyte cell surface molecules revealed that the partitioning in Triton X-100 of each molecule was highly dependent upon the (NH4)2SO4 concentration, each antigen partitioning into the detergent-rich phase at a defined salt concentration. In contrast, none of the six molecules appeared in the detergent-rich phase of a Triton X-114 phase separation, even though two of the molecules, namely Ly-2/3 and L3T4, are well characterized integral membrane proteins. It was also observed that (NH4)2SO4 resulted in the partitioning of many nonmembrane proteins into the detergent-rich phase, indicating that the procedure can be used to fractionate all cellular proteins. By judicious choice of (NH4)2SO4 concentrations, precipitation of cellular proteins at two different (NH4)2SO4 concentrations, and combining the method with subcellular fractionation prior to detergent solubilization, substantial enrichment and concentration of particular cellular proteins could be achieved. PMID- 3490193 TI - Humoral immunity to dietary antigens in atopic dermatitis. II. Analysis of IgE and IgG subclass antibodies. AB - IgG subclass antibodies to two dietary antigens, ovalbumin (OA) and beta lactoglobulin (BLG) were measured with quantitative ELISA-techniques in 16 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) (6-21 years old) and closely matched controls. In addition, IgE-antibodies to OA, BLG and milk were determined with RAST. IgG subclass antibodies were frequently detected in IgG1 and IgG4 for both AD-patients and controls, quantitatively dominated by IgG4. The IgG4 anti-BLG antibody levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in AD-patients (median: 1.1 microgram/ml, range: 0-24.0 microgram/ml) than in controls (median: 0.05 microgram/ml, range: 0-1.05 microgram/ml). No relation was found between IgG4 anti-BLG antibody levels, levels of IgE antibodies to milk or BLG, or severity of disease. PMID- 3490196 TI - Knotting of a bypass graft catheter: report of a case. AB - A case of knotting of a bypass graft catheter during coronary arteriography is presented. An arteriotomy had to be done to remove the catheter. A possible mechanism causing this complication and precautions to avoid it are described. PMID- 3490198 TI - IgG subtype abnormalities with normal total IgG in a clinical allergy practice. AB - Thirty-one of 75 patients with recurrent upper respiratory infections were found to have immunoglobulin G subclass deficiencies with normal levels of total immunoglobulin G in a clinical allergy and asthma practice. Sixteen were IgG3 deficient, thirteen IgG2 deficient, and two were IgG1 deficient. Only one patient had an IgA deficiency. Two patients have normal IgG with decreased PRP titers. Serum antibody titers to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type B (HibCP) were found to be low in seven patients. Other investigators have established relationships between these deficiencies and recurrent infections. When investigating patients with recurrent infections, it seems prudent to look beyond simple quantitative immunoglobulins. PMID- 3490195 TI - Comparison of propofol with methohexital for outpatient anesthesia. AB - Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic currently available for clinical investigative use. The intraoperative and postoperative effects of propofol were compared to methohexital when used as an adjuvant to nitrous oxide for outpatient anesthesia. Sixty healthy young women were randomly assigned to receive either methohexital, 1.5 mg/kg intravenously (IV), or propofol, 2.5 mg/kg IV, for induction of anesthesia. Both drugs produced transient cardiovascular and respiratory depression after induction. Maintenance of anesthesia consisted of either methohexital, 6 +/- 2 mg/min, or propofol, 7 +/- 2 mg/min (mean +/- SD) by continuous infusion in combination with nitrous oxide, 70% in oxygen. Use of a propofol infusion was associated with lower blood pressures and heart rates during maintenance. Propofol was associated with fewer side effects (e.g., hiccoughing, nausea, and vomiting) intra- and postoperatively. Recovery times for awakening, orientation, and ambulation were consistently shorter with propofol. We conclude that propofol is a useful alternative to methohexital for induction and maintenance of outpatient anesthesia. PMID- 3490197 TI - Evidence for BoLA-linked resistance and susceptibility to subclinical progression of bovine leukaemia virus infection. AB - The role of the bovine major histocompatibility complex in bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection and disease progression was investigated in a herd of Shorthorn cattle (n = 117). The frequency of cows that were seropositive to BLV glycoprotein antigen was 51%. Twenty-three per cent of the seropositive cows were lymphocytotic. At the herd level, relative resistance to BLV-dependent B-cell proliferation and lymphocytosis among seropositive cows was associated with bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DA7, whereas susceptibility was associated with BoLA-DA12.3. These associations were also confirmed at the family level, where BoLA phenotypes were used as haplotypic markers. Among the offspring of one BoLA heterozygous sire (n = 33), resistance segregated with the DA7 haplotype and susceptibility with the DA12.3 haplotype. In this sire group, maternal transmission of the BoLA-w8 allele was associated with increased susceptibility to B-cell proliferation and lymphocytosis in w8/DA12.3 heterozygotes. These data provide the first evidence that subclinical progression of BLV infection is under the control of the BoLA complex, and suggest that the BoLA system can be used to select for resistance to B-cell proliferation and the development of lymphocytosis in BLV-infected herds. PMID- 3490199 TI - On dust, disability, and death. PMID- 3490200 TI - Respiratory dysfunction in patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - Patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVH) are susceptible to recurrent respiratory infections. We studied the prevalence and severity of respiratory dysfunction in 32 patients with CVH by measuring routine pulmonary function tests (PFT) and interpreting chest radiographs using a quantitative score system. Pulmonary symptoms were determined by patient interview and standard questionnaire. The mean age of 29 living patients was 28 +/- 2.2 yr; there were 22 males and 10 females. The mean age at diagnosis was 17.3 +/- 2.4 yr. Sinopulmonary symptoms were present in all 32 patients and included chronic sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, recurrent pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. Complete PFT in 25 patients revealed restrictive, obstructive, and normal patterns in 10, 6, and 9 patients, respectively. Nine patients had dyspnea on exertion. Recent chest radiographs in 32 patients showed evidence of recurrent pulmonary infection, including air trapping, linear markings, and pleural abnormalities. Panlobular emphysema, documented in one case at autopsy, was suggested in 5 other patients by the presence of lower lobe bullous lesions and marked lower lobe hyperlucency on chest radiographs. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) had remained stable in 19 adults (18 receiving adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy) for 6.9 +/- 0.7 yr. The expected increase of the FEV1 and FVC with growth was normal in 6 of 8 children (all 8 receiving adequate therapy). Chest radiograph scores deteriorated only slightly from 20.3 +/- 0.6 to 18.4 +/- 0.8 (25 = normal) during the 6.9 +/- 0.7 yr in 30 patients (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490201 TI - Auditory and temporal bone abnormalities in CHARGE association. AB - CHARGE association is a recently described cluster of congenital defects including ocular coloboma, heart disease, choanal atresia, retarded development and/or CNS abnormalities, genital hypoplasia, and ear anomalies. Although congenital hearing loss has been reported in CHARGE association, no information regarding the underlying temporal bone disease is available in the literature to date. The authors evaluated four patients with multiple anomalies consistent with CHARGE syndrome. Two surviving patients have bilateral severe hearing loss on auditory brain stem response testing. Two patients did not survive, and their temporal bones were obtained at autopsy for histologic examination. All four temporal bones showed severe middle ear defects including ossicular deformities, absence of the stapedius muscle, absence of the oval window, aberrant course of the facial nerve, and dehiscence of the facial nerve canal. In the more severely affected case, a Mondini-type malformation of the cochlea was present, together with multiple anomalies of the vestibular apparatus. Vestibular defects also occurred in the other case; however, the cochleae were found to be normally developed. PMID- 3490202 TI - Measurement of serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by immunoturbidimetry. AB - A simple, fast method for the measurement of serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by an immunoturbidimetric technique is described. The assay spans the range 0.21 g/L to 2.83 g/L which covers adequately the majority of concentrations encountered in normal and pathological sera. The precision is good and the accuracy acceptable, as judged by a comparison with an electroimmunoassay technique. A reference range has been obtained using samples collected from blood donors. PMID- 3490204 TI - Acrocentric/18p translocation in two mentally retarded males. Delineation of the adult phenotype. AB - In this report we describe two adult male patients with a chromosomal rearrangement involving the short arm of chromosome 18 and an acrocentric chromosome. In addition to moderate mental retardation and verbal disability they presented dysmorphic stigmata similar to those found in the Noonan syndrome. PMID- 3490203 TI - An investigation into the source of the deglutamated metabolites of methotrexate in patients treated with high dose infusions. PMID- 3490205 TI - 47,XXY karyotype in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. AB - The present report summarizes the follow-up data from birth up to the age of 14 years in a male patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and 47,XXY karyotype. PMID- 3490206 TI - Combined cytogenetic techniques and non-fluorescent Y. Cytologic evidences of dic(Yp)(q11) in a previously interpreted 46,X,Yq-. AB - mos 45,X/46,X,Y with no bright fluorescence was studied in 4 patients presenting variable phenotypes, from Turner's syndrome, with or without virilization, to ambiguous external genitalia, with combined cytogenetic techniques. G-11 staining demonstrated, in all cases, that the abnormal Y was a dic(Yp). Considerations about the possibility that some of the 46,X,Yq-males attending infertility clinics may be examples of dic(Yp) are made. PMID- 3490207 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome, mosaic 46,XX/46,XY/47,XXY/48,XXXY/48,XXYY: a case report. AB - A 35-year-old male was investigated for primary infertility. Clinical examination showed an intelligent man with normal facial appearance and moustache and small firm testes. Testicular histopathology revealed marked atrophy of the testes with no spermatogenesis and absence of germ cells. Hormonal profile showed elevated levels of FSH,LH and low levels of testosterone. Chromosome analysis from whole blood culture showed cells with 46,XX/46,XY/47,XXY/48,XXXY/48,XXYY mosaicism. The predominant cell line was 47,XXY (87.86%). 46,XY/47,XXY mosaicism is not uncommon. However, mosaicism of multiple sex chromosome aneuploidy is rarely observed. This is the first report of mosaicism in Klinefelter's syndrome variant with five cell lines. PMID- 3490208 TI - Clinical findings in an Arab boy with ring (14)(mos 46,XY,r(14)/45,XY,-14). AB - A five-month male Arab child with clinical features of ring(14) is reported. He had recurrent seizures and chest infections, microcephaly, elongated face, short palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, long philtrum, fish-like mouth with thin lips, micrognathia, low-set ears and retinal pigmentation with yellow-white spots on the maculae. In addition brachydactyly of fingers and toes, hypoplastic scrotum and mental deterioration were present. PMID- 3490209 TI - [Role of chromosomes in evolution: a new interpretation]. AB - The number of possible meiotic segregations of paternal and maternal chromosomes is 2N (N = haploid chromosome number). In eutherian Mammals, where large variations of N exist, 2N may be very different in related species, genes, or families. For instance, in Cercopithecidae, species with the highest value (N = 36) make 2(15) = 32,768 more gametic chromosome combinations than those with the lowest value (N = 21). It is also shown that the number of chiasmata varies from species to species and is proportional to the haploid number of arms NF/2 of the karyotype. Thus, increase or decrease of both N and NF/2, often concomitant, both increase or decrease genetic mixing. The chromosomal phylogeny of Primates, Carnivora and Rodentia shows that pure dichotomic evolution is rare, at contrast with populational (non dichotomic) evolution which seems most frequent. In these Mammals, the few examples of dichotomic evolution are observed in groups with low values of N and NF/2. It is concluded that dichotomic evolution, which should be favoured by the transmission of groups of linked mutant alleles, is prevented, in most instances, by the high recombination rate in karyotypes with high values of N and NF/2. Thus the mode of speciation would depend on karyotype modifications by long term effects on population genetics, in addition to the immediate effects of gametic barriers due to chromosomal rearrangements in the heterozygous state. PMID- 3490210 TI - Chromosome imbalances in endometrial adenocarcinomas: a possible adaptation to abnormal metabolic pathways. AB - Chromosome studies of endometrial carcinomas show several recurrent trisomies or tetrasomies: 1 (long arm), 10, 2, 7, 12, 3 and possibly X (long arm). These chromosomes or chromosome segments carry the majority of the genes coding for enzymes of glucidic metabolism, citrate cycle, and initial steps of nucleotide synthesis. Their excess, which does not appear as a primary event in tumorigenesis, is interpreted as an adaptation of the cancer cells to abnormalities of metabolic pathways. The increase of gene copies, by chromosome duplication, would facilitate the synthesis of enzymes the activity of which is increased. If this view is correct and has a general value, it would mean that, in addition to primary chromosome changes, which may induce oncogene activation, most anomalies, which are obviously secondary, may reflect a disturbance of metabolic pathways coded by housekeeping genes. PMID- 3490211 TI - Karyotype abnormalities in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. AB - Karyotype anomalies were found in 9 of 13 non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The observed non random involvement of chromosomes was non-specific and was associated with chromosome breakpoints rather than recurrent markers. The recurrent markers which were found were similar to those of previously published studies. An attempt to correlate histological classification and chromosome anomalies in published series indicated that there were limited histological associations, the frequency of abnormalities of chromosomes 14 and 18 showing the largest disparity between disease types. Among the breakpoints and translocations found are those known to be associated with oncogene location, and the possibility is raised of an oncogene on 18. PMID- 3490212 TI - Reciprocal translocations between acrocentrics: segregational analysis in twenty nine families with unbalanced progeny. AB - This study comprises 29 families with 42 unbalanced offspring in which reciprocal interacrocentric translocations (RIATs) were identified by banding. The observed unbalances were due to adjacent-1 (42.9%), adjacent-2 (28.6%) and 3:1 (28.6%) segregations. The concordance between the observed and expected segregations was 85.7% according to the Jalbert et al. (1980) criteria. 17.2% of the RIATs led to unbalances by 2 different segregations. 78.6% of the cases were maternal in origin. The overall incidence of spontaneous abortion was 37%. Corrected recurrence risks of unbalanced liveborn offspring for female and male carriers were seemingly similar: 17.8% and 12.5% respectively. These data indicate that RIATS exhibit (as distinctive features) an approximate 4:3:3 ratio for adjacent 1, adjacent-2 and 3:1 segregations, and a proneness to produce unbalances by different segregations. PMID- 3490213 TI - Clinical, genetic and cytogenetic studies in couples attending an infertility clinic. AB - The present study was carried out in order to assess the genetic component in a group of sterile or infertile couples from a latin american population. During a six-year-period, 258 patients were investigated. Sixty two per cent of the cases were studied for sterility and 38% for infertility. It was found that 34% had genetic pathology. In infertile couples the frequency of chromosome abnormalities was 2.8%; when sterility was also considered this frequency was 11.6%. Chromosome variants were found in 11.4% of the sterile patients and in 8.8% of the infertile cases. PMID- 3490214 TI - Ethnic differences in the growth of lung function in children: a cross-sectional study in inner-city Nottingham. AB - Measurements of ventilatory capacity have been made in 664 healthy school children (ages 5-16 years) of European, Afrocaribbean and Indian stock living in the same environment in inner-city Nottingham: 100%, 95% and 80% of these three groups respectively had been born in the UK. The ventilatory capacity data have been analyzed by logarithmic regressions on stature. For forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) a large difference between European and Indian children was found, amounting to 13% at a given stature. The Afrocaribbean children have values similar to those of the Indians. There were no material ethnic differences for peak expiratory flow rate or for FEV1/FVC(%). The differences in FVC and FEV1 appear to be attributable to constitutional rather than environmental influences. PMID- 3490215 TI - Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae from Ohio. AB - Epidemiologic studies of plasmid-mediated resistance at the Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center revealed that related plasmids had disseminated among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. We studied the beta-lactamases encoded by these plasmids in Escherichia coli C600 transformants or transconjugants. Substrate and inhibition profiles of the enzymes determined by two of these plasmids suggested an activity resembling TEM-1; however, isoelectric focusing revealed a pI of 7.0. These two plasmids were originally found in a Serratia marcescens (pDS076) and an Enterobacter cloacae (pDS075) strain isolated from the same sink in the medical intensive care unit and later, in an Enterobacter cloacae (pDS142 identical to pDS076) isolate colonizing a patient in the same unit. The plasmids also carried the aminoglycoside resistance determinant, 2"-aminoglycoside nucleotidyl transferase. A 2-kilobase AvaI restriction endonuclease digestion fragment of pSD075 known to carry the beta lactamase determinant was used as a molecular probe. This probe did not recognize sequences of any plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase tested including the recently described determinants ROB-1, TLE-1, and OXA-4-7. A TEM-1 probe derived from the 0.7-kilobase PstI-EcoRI fragment of pBR322 failed to recognize the new beta lactamase gene. Four additional Enterobacter cloacae and two Enterobacter aerogenes strains isolated in Columbus, Ohio, have been shown to produce a pI 7.0 beta-lactamase and to carry plasmids recognized by the 2-kilobase probe. These data suggest dissemination of a novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in Ohio and demonstrate the development and utility of a molecular probe for the new determinant. We suggest that the novel beta-lactamase be named OHIO-1. PMID- 3490218 TI - Simplified method to implant chronic stimulating electrode in the gasserian ganglion. Technical note. AB - Chronic radiofrequency stimulation of the gasserian ganglion by a percutaneous electrode is a new method for treating facial pain. The authors report their simplified technique to bring the distal end of the electrode from the cheek to the neck. PMID- 3490216 TI - Plasmid penicillin resistance in Vibrio cholerae: identification of new beta lactamase SAR-1. AB - Two strains of Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor, isolated in Tanzania, possessed a single IncC resistance plasmid of 113 kilobases. Both plasmids encoded the production of a novel beta-lactamase, SAR-1, which was 33,700 daltons in size and was able to hydrolyze carbenicillin as well as penicillin G. The SAR-1 beta lactamase was quite distinct from all other plasmid beta-lactamases by virtue of its unusually low isoelectric point and a combination of its size, substrate profile, and inhibition properties. This enzyme is only the second beta-lactamase identified in V. cholerae species and the first to be reported in V. cholerae strains isolated in Southern Africa. PMID- 3490219 TI - Use of antidromic evoked potentials in placement of dorsal cord disc electrodes. AB - Intraoperative recordings of somatosensory evoked potentials were made in 16 patients undergoing implantation of a dorsal cord stimulation system. Antidromic recordings, obtained by stimulating through the dorsal cord electrode placed in the epidural space and recording over peripheral nerves in the painful region of the body, and much higher signal-to-noise ratios and could be obtained with greater reliability than standard orthodromic recordings. When the placement of the electrode was adjusted to obtain evoked responses in the painful region, paresthesias referred to that region were obtained in virtually every case. Use of this procedure allows implantation and internalization of the electrodes in a single procedure under general anesthesia, and reduces the necessity of subsequent revisions. PMID- 3490220 TI - Electrical stimulation in multiple sclerosis. Comparison of transcutaneous electrical stimulation and epidural spinal cord stimulation. AB - Forty-nine multiple sclerosis patients with bladder symptoms and/or walking disability were subjected to a therapeutic trial with electrical spinal cord stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation, a second aim being to compare these two treatments. A clear subjective improvement in bladder symptoms was achieved in the majority of the cases, and this was substantiated by objective parameters. In a proportion of cases a more moderate improvement seems to have been achieved in a variety of symptoms. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation seems to be a useful selection procedure for later electrical spinal cord stimulation. PMID- 3490221 TI - Spinal cord stimulation revisited: psychological effects. AB - 97 patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation (SCS) were studied for a median of 24 days after initiation of treatment. SCS was associated with significant improvement in memory, visuo-spatial integration, activation, cognitive efficiency, attention and overall psychological status. Significant emotional improvement in self-image, anxiety and depression was also confirmed following SCS. Diagnosis did not differentially affect psychological outcome except for relief of anxiety, which was less pronounced in the case of torticollis and multiple sclerosis. The role of spinal cord modulation of behavioral activation and physiological arousal was discussed. PMID- 3490222 TI - Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism following ventrolateral thalamotomy in Parkinson syndrome as revealed by positron emission tomography. AB - A case with unilateral symptoms of Parkinson syndrome is presented in which interesting changes in the topographic patterns of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) were observed by positron emission tomography. This case was associated with severe tremor at rest exclusively in the left extremities. The parietal CBF and CMRO2 for the affected hemisphere were apparently lower than those for the nonaffected hemisphere preoperatively. After thalamotomy involving the right nucleus ventralis lateralis, including the ventralis intermedius, concomitant with complete disappearance of the tremor, the parietal CBF and CMRO2 for the affected side increased and even exceeded those for the nonaffected side. PMID- 3490217 TI - Failure to detect ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae by standard disk susceptibility testing. AB - We questioned whether the apparent rarity of ampicillin-resistant, non-beta lactamase-producing (NBLP) Haemophilus influenzae was due to failure of detection. We identified ampicillin-resistant and ampicillin-susceptible H. influenzae by the agar dilution technique, using 10(5)- and 10(3)-CFU inocula. We compared the disk susceptibility of 18 ampicillin-resistant NBLP strains, 13 ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing strains, and 10 ampicillin susceptible strains by using standard 10- and 2-micrograms ampicillin disks on two different media. We also investigated the possibility that disks containing 10 micrograms of clavulanic acid and 2 micrograms of ampicillin could be used to distinguish between the two ampicillin-resistant populations. Using the disk containing 2 micrograms of ampicillin, we correctly differentiated all the ampicillin-resistant isolates from the ampicillin-susceptible isolates on both media (a zone diameter of less than or equal to 15 mm was considered resistant). In contrast, the 10-micrograms ampicillin disk failed to detect 44% (8 of 18) of the ampicillin-resistant NBLP strains (a zone diameter of less than or equal to 19 mm was considered resistant). The MIC of ampicillin with the 10(3)-CFU inoculum correlated better with zone diameters than with the 10(5)-CFU inoculum. A difference in zone diameters of greater than or equal to 8 mm between the disk containing 10 micrograms of clavulanic acid and 2 micrograms of ampicillin and the disk containing only 2 micrograms of ampicillin correctly identified all beta lactamase-producing strains. We conclude that the 2-micrograms ampicillin disk tests more readily identify ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae than do the 10 micrograms ampicillin disk tests. Future investigation should determine whether this in vitro resistance correlates with clinical treatment failures. PMID- 3490223 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Frequency and waveform specificity in humans. AB - The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) of a constant alternating current administered at various frequencies and waveforms to volunteer human subjects were investigated. The TNS was found to evoke noncutaneous subjective sensations in all the subjects. Only with a sinusoid waveform of TNS were distinct frequency ranges of the stimulation associated with specific noncutaneous subjective sensations. Our findings suggest that nervous tissue is capable of discriminating the waveform parameters of an electrical stimulus. PMID- 3490224 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation of cell surface marker phenotype with clinical features and prognosis]. AB - The correlation of surface marker phenotype with prognosis was analysed in 64 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had been treated in Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. B-cell lymphomas (21 cases) had significantly better prognosis than T-cell lymphomas (21 cases). The complete remission (CR) rate was 52%, and the 50% survival time was 13 months for T-cell lymphomas. All T-cell lymphoma patients died within 31 months. In B-cell lymphomas, on the other hand, the CR rate was 100%, 50% survival time was 30 months, and there were no cases of relapse in patients who had been in continuous CR for more than 2 years. About 40% of B-cell lymphomas appeared to have the potential for cure. PMID- 3490225 TI - An ultrastructural morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of cutaneous lymphomas and benign lymphocytic infiltrates of skin. Useful criteria for diagnosis. AB - Our combined ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, histologic, and clinical studies over the past five years have allowed us to compile diagnostic criteria useful in the evaluation of cutaneous lymphomas. As a group, mycosis fungoides (MF) patients could be distinguished from those with benign disorders of skin using ultrastructural morphometry (mean form factor and perimeter values), but with some overlap between groups. Another approach, the ultrastructural histogram method, however, clearly separated MF patients from patients with chronic dermatitis. Immunohistochemistry was useful in distinguishing cases of cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma from MF cases on the basis of the occurrence of "novel phenotypes." Neoplastic T-cell infiltrates of skin can usually be distinguished from benign polyclonal T-cell infiltrates by the presence of one T-cell subset to the exclusion of others. Patients with convoluted B-cell lymphomas could also be distinguished from MF patients using ultrastructural morphometric dual parameter analysis. The diagnostic complexity of several cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cases is illustrated. We have emphasized in this study the strength of combining quantitative electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and histology in the diagnostic workup of cutaneous lymphomas. This integrative approach may be necessary to assure a definitive diagnosis in difficult cases. PMID- 3490226 TI - Residential health study of families living near the Drake Chemical Superfund site in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. AB - The Pennsylvania Department of Health conducted a health survey of a group of residents in the Lock Haven area who live in the immediate vicinity of the Drake Superfund site. A control group of residents were selected randomly from the remaining areas of Lock Haven. The study did not indicate the presence of any serious chronic health conditions in the exposed group of residents when compared with the control group. Significantly more individuals in the exposed group than the control group experienced skin problems and sleepiness for at least 1 month prior to the survey, indicative of a possible association between direct human exposure to toxic chemicals from the site and the manifestation of symptoms. The increased prevalence of the two symptoms may also have been caused by factors other than contaminants at the Drake site, e.g., stress, occupational exposure, or other etiologic agents, or it may be a spurious finding due to chance or biased reporting. PMID- 3490228 TI - Nailfold capillary microscopy in connective tissue disease: a quantitative morphological analysis. AB - Photomicrographs were taken of front line nailfold capillary loops in 18 healthy women (controls) and 42 women with established connective tissue disease (14 rheumatoid arthritis, 19 systemic lupus erythematosus, nine scleroderma). Measurements were made of apex width, maximum limb and loop widths, capillary length, interpeak distance, and frequency per linear millimetre. A numerical index for assessing capillary dilatation was derived, based on the mean of the apex plus maximum limb widths. Results show considerable overlap in subject means. Statistical analysis showed no difference between rheumatoid arthritis and control groups. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had slightly larger loops at a lower frequency (not statistically significant); three patients with an abnormal capillary index also had high titres of ribonucleoprotein antibody. Six scleroderma patients had abnormal indices, two of whom had high titre ribonucleoprotein antibody. No relation between capillary morphology and clinical features was found. PMID- 3490227 TI - Pharmacodynamic effect of dipyridamole on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. AB - We evaluated the effect of dipyridamole on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion in 23 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) with diffuse scleroderma. Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed at rest and after coronary artery vasodilatation with intravenous dipyridamole (0.14 mg/kg/min for four minutes). The left myocardium was divided into nine segments; each segment was graded as 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0 (zero represents no activity). Dipyridamole significantly improved resting thallium-201 myocardial perfusion: the mean (SD) number of segments with thallium defects decreased from 6.0 (2.1) at rest to 4.1 (2.5) after dipyridamole (p less than 0.0001); the mean (SD) score in segments with resting defects increased from 0.92 (0.24) at rest to 1.13 (0.38) after dipyridamole (p less than 0.0001); the mean (SD) global score per patient increased from 10.2 (1.8) at rest to 11.4 (2.1) after dipyridamole (p less than 0.02); the global score increased by at least 2.0 in 12 patients and worsened by at least 2.0 in three patients only (p = 0.05). The results of this acute study suggest that some drugs with potent vasodilator activity on small coronary arteries may be beneficial in the treatment of PSS patients with thallium-201 myocardial perfusion abnormalities. PMID- 3490229 TI - A systematic appraisal of portacaval H-graft diameters. Clinical and hemodynamic perspectives. AB - Over a period of 10 years, the authors have systematically reduced portacaval H graft diameters. Their objective was to achieve partial shunting of portal flow without reversal of hepatic flow. This report summarizes their clinical and hemodynamic observations in 68 surviving patients with cirrhosis (mostly alcoholic) and variceal hemorrhage who underwent portacaval H-grafts ranging from 20 to 8 mm diameters. When shunt diameters were reduced to 10 and 8 mm and combined with aggressive portal collateral ablation, portal pressures increased significantly over larger H-grafts. Only 3% of patients with 20-12 mm H-grafts had prograde portal flow after operation, compared with 46 and 82% after 10 and 8 mm H-grafts, respectively (p less than 0.001). The incidence of encephalopathy diminished from 39% in the 20-12 mm H-graft group to 19 and 9% after 10 and 8 mm grafts, respectively (p less than 0.04). None of the patients with 10 or 8 mm PTFE grafts rebled from varices in the follow-up period (4-61 months). It is concluded that partial shunting of portal flow is hemodynamically feasible. It can be achieved in most patients using 8 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) portacaval H-grafts combined with portal collateral ablation. Preserving prograde portal flow by partial shunting correlates with reduced encephalopathy rates after operation. Despite maintaining a relatively hypertensive portal system, partial shunts effectively prevent variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 3490230 TI - Heyde's syndrome. PMID- 3490231 TI - Continuous measurement of intramyocardial pH: relative importance of hypothermia and cardioplegic perfusion pressure and temperature. AB - The continuous measurement of intramyocardial pH was used to follow the progression of ischemia and permit correlation to functional recovery. Adequacy of myocardial preservation following 38 degrees C or 25 degrees C global ischemia alone or with the administration of one or two doses of 38 degrees C, 25 degrees C, or 1 degree C crystalloid cardioplegia at aortic root perfusion pressures of 90 mm Hg or 130 mm Hg was assessed. A new miniature myocardial transducer incorporating fiberoptic technology and dual pH and temperature-sensing capability was placed into the left ventricular free wall and septum of 44 sheep undergoing ischemic arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass. All groups underwent global ischemia until myocardial pH was 6.8. An intramyocardial pH level of 6.8 reliably correlated to similar levels of functional recovery in each group. Aortic root perfusion pressure of 130 mm Hg provided enhanced myocardial protection by increasing the total ischemic time (5 to 10 minutes) with one (p less than 0.01) or two (p less than 0.001) doses of cardioplegic solution until a given functional level of recovery was attained. Aortic root perfusion pressure of 90 mm Hg provided no added benefit in total ischemic time, rate of change of pH, or degree of recovery of function. Hypothermic (25 degrees C) global ischemia alone enhanced myocardial protection by providing increased time (p less than 0.01) until a given functional level of recovery was attained with a slower rate of change of pH (p less than 0.01) compared with normothermic (38 degrees C) global ischemia alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490232 TI - Early prediction of deep sternal wound infection after heart operations by alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein measurements. AB - Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) levels were studied in 188 patients undergoing heart operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Mediastinitis or osteomyelitis of the sternum or both developed in 10 patients on postoperative day 4 to 13 (median, day 9). The mean CRP levels on day 2 were lower in patients with later deep sternal wound infection (9.1 +/- 1.5 mg/dl [mean +/- standard error]) compared with patients without major infections (14.0 +/- 0.8 mg/dl; p = 0.103 [univariate logistic regression]). AAG levels on day 2 reacted in a similar manner, yielding 78.2 +/- 5.5 mg/dl and 100.9 +/- 2.7 mg/dl, respectively (p = 0.0004). No correlation was found between CRP or AAG and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, number of blood transfusions, or total protein levels on day 2. The white blood cell count (WBC) on day 2 was 13.1 +/- 1.7 X 10(3)/microliter for patients with infection and 9.7 +/- 0.3 for those without infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that AAG, WBC, and CRP on day 2 were significant risk factors sufficiently predicting the probability of a deep sternal infection. After adjustment for these three variables, other variables (age, sex, total protein on day 2, diabetes mellitus, type of operation, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, length of operation, repeat thoracotomy for bleeding, number of blood transfusions on the day of operation, intraaortic balloon pumping, reoperation, emergency operation, and surgeon's professional status) were not of additional significance. The goodness of fit of the statistical model was confirmed by a high correspondence between predicted and observed cases of deep sternal infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490233 TI - Healing basis and surgical techniques for complete revascularization of the left ventricle using only the internal mammary arteries. AB - Long-term follow-up data from several leading centers concerning patients undergoing coronary artery bypass clearly demonstrate the superiority of the internal mammary artery (IMA) with patency rates of 83 to 94% at 7 to 12 years compared with the saphenous vein and its patency rates of 41 to 53%. Our experimental studies provide a biological basis for understanding this difference. Thin-walled arterial autografts undergo no histological change after being implanted in the arterial system, while venous autografts undergo major changes with an initial scattered loss of endothelium and marked thickening due to a proliferative reaction. The challenge to the cardiac surgeon is to revascularize the entire left ventricle with the IMAs. We have found this possible in most patients with advanced three-vessel disease by using both IMAs either as in situ grafts or free grafts with as many sequential anastomoses as necessary to achieve full revascularization. Our use of the term in situ refers to the graft's origin from the subclavian artery as opposed to a free IMA graft arising from another site. PMID- 3490234 TI - Intraluminal shunting of operatively severed aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts. AB - Restoration of myocardial perfusion using plastic shunts in severed aortocoronary bypass grafts is described. PMID- 3490235 TI - Resolution of Heyde's syndrome of aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding after aortic valve replacement. AB - The observation by Heyde that unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with aortic stenosis has been confirmed by many others. It has been suggested that the combination of gastrointestinal bleeding and aortic stenosis be termed Heyde's syndrome. Gastrointestinal bleeding in this syndrome has been attributed to angiodysplasia. Segmental resection of those portions of the gastrointestinal tract containing the angiodysplastic lesions has been considered the definitive treatment for patients with Heyde's syndrome who are symptomatic because of chronic blood loss. However, recent observations suggest that aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis is a better therapeutic approach for those patients with severe aortic stenosis. This treatment has been shown to alleviate the symptomatology of both the stenosed aortic valve and the chronically bleeding bowel. PMID- 3490236 TI - Comparative actions of four aminoglycoside antibiotics on the vestibular function in guinea-pigs. AB - This study was designed to assess the actions of 4 representative aminoglycoside antibiotics on the vestibular functions in guinea-pigs as evidenced by the measurements of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) either in the horizontal (HVOR) or in the vertical plane (VVOR). VOR responses were evaluated over a wide range of stimulation frequencies prior to and after 10 and 18 days of a multiple dose regimen with dibekacin (150 mg/kg), gentamicin (100 mg/kg), netilmicin (150 mg/kg), tobramycin (100 mg/kg) or saline. All drugs or saline were given intramuscularly twice a day. The labirinthine function was found to be differently impaired by drug administration. Gentamicin induced severe vestibular impairment, which had early onset. Dibekacin greatly reduced all VOR responses, but changes occurred after a longer period of time. Tobramycin and netilmicin induced slight vestibular impairment only after 18 days of treatment. Tobramycin affected both HVOR and VVOR responses at the high frequencies, while netilmicin impaired only the HVOR. Histological examination of vestibular epithelia was conducted by using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Gentamicin and dibekacin greatly damaged both the cristae of semicircular canals and utriculi, structures which are involved in the generation of VOR responses. Conversely, tobramycin provoked damages only in the cristae of semicircular canals and netilmicin did not affect the vestibular sensory epithelia. These findings indicate that each aminoglycoside produces characteristic actions on the vestibular function which depend on the damage distribution in the labirinthine structures. Among the aminoglycoside examined, netilmicin appears to possess the lowest potential for producing impairment of the vestibular function. PMID- 3490237 TI - Modification by clonidine of harmine-induced tremors in mice: involvement of serotoninergic system. AB - Clonidine exhibited a dose-dependent protection against harmine-induced tremors in mice. This protective effect was not completely blocked by pretreatment with yohimbine. The serotoninergic (5-HT) agonist quipazine and the uptake inhibitor fluoxetine completely antagonized this effect. On the other hand, the 5-HT antagonist cyproheptadine potentiated the protective effect of sub-effective doses of clonidine. These observations suggest a serotonin-mediated action of clonidine in its antitremor action against harmine-induced tremors. PMID- 3490238 TI - Infections and infection control among residents of eight rural Wisconsin nursing homes. AB - During 1984 and 1985, an initial prevalence survey and six consecutive months of comprehensive prospective surveillance were conducted in eight rural Wisconsin nonproprietary nursing homes managed by eight nonprofit hospitals in the same communities. Our purpose was to define the infections in the residents and the infection control programs in the nursing homes. The initial prevalence survey analyzed the records of all 403 residents of the eight nursing homes. The average resident was 83.4 years old and had 3.4 chronic diseases noted on the chart. During this initial survey, 52 (12.9%) of the residents were found to have 56 active infections of all types. During six consecutive months of comprehensive surveillance in the eight nursing homes, 265 episodes of acute infection were found for an overall incidence of 10.7 infections per 100 resident months. Clusters of infection by site, pathogen, or month of onset were quite uncommon throughout the study. Susceptibility testing of organisms recovered from infections failed to reveal any clinically important resistance patterns. Because nursing homes are different in many respects from hospitals, appropriately modified definitions and infection control strategies are required for nursing homes and their residents. PMID- 3490239 TI - Positron emission tomography in dementia of the Alzheimer type. A brief review with a case study. PMID- 3490240 TI - [Hereditary deficiency of the 4th component of complement (C4) associated with a lupic syndrome]. AB - A 2 year-old girl presented with bacterial meningitis followed by a lupus erythematosus syndrome consisting of erythematous rash, Raynaud's phenomenon and mutilating cicatricia atrophy; high speckled antinuclear antibodies and anti-Sm and anti-Ro antibodies titers; a selective absence of C4; moderate mesangial proliferation with IgM and C1q mesangial deposits. Study of the family revealed a linkage of C4 deficiency with the HLA A1 B17/BfF haplotype. PMID- 3490241 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis caused by intolerance to cow's milk proteins]. PMID- 3490242 TI - DSM-III and clinically identified problems as a guide to treatment. AB - Problems, DSM-III diagnoses, and treatment interventions were coded from the problem-oriented medical records of an acute psychiatric hospital. Problems and diagnoses were entered into separate stepwise multiple regression analyses to test their ability to predict 24 treatment interventions. Significant predictors were then included in a combined analysis. Both DSM-III diagnoses and problems were robust and significant indicators of medication treatments. Both were better predictors of medication than were problems and DSM-II diagnoses in an earlier study. With regard to psychosocial interventions, problems were better indicators than were DSM-III diagnoses, although neither was robust. Both were less useful as predictors of psychosocial interventions than in the earlier study. Overall, the combination of problems and diagnoses was generally superior in predictive power to either alone. These results suggest that problem nomenclature should include DSM-III diagnoses. Alternatively, DSM-III should be revised to accommodate some of the greater specificity and range of a problem nomenclature. PMID- 3490243 TI - Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats as parasite source for in vitro cultures. PMID- 3490245 TI - The surgeon's role in treating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - The ever-increasing number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) will involve more surgeons in their diagnosis and treatment. The surgeon should be aware of the cause of AIDS, mode of transmission, method of diagnosis, usual cutaneous and abdominal manifestations, complications needing operative procedures, and precautions needed during surgery and the postoperative period. The gravity of AIDS requires the surgeon to be aware of the potential risks to other surgical patients by contaminated blood transfusions. From 110 cases of AIDS, we analyzed the indications, types of surgical procedures, and effect on final outcome in patients with AIDS. PMID- 3490244 TI - Clinical efficacy of a new antiinflammatory drug with free radicals scavenging properties: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase of human origin. PMID- 3490246 TI - Gastrointestinal complications after cardiac surgery. AB - From 1975 to 1985, a total of 1596 coronary artery bypasses or valve replacements resulted in 18 gastrointestinal tract complications in 16 patients at Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati. Twelve patients were treated surgically (hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer, one patient; perforated duodenal ulcer, one patient; cholecystitis: acalculous, gangrenous, two patients, and calculus, one patient; perforated cecum, one patient; ischemic colitis, one patient; and perforated diverticulitis of the colon, five patients). Six patients were treated conservatively by either nasogastric intubation or nothing by mouth and intravenous therapy (ileus, three patients; acute sigmoid diverticulitis, one patient; and active peptic ulcer disease, two patients). Multisystem failure caused two deaths. The etiology of hollow viscus complications seems to be related to a low-flow state, impairing normal tissue perfusion that can initiate an ischemic change. This change can lead to acute inflammation, perforation, or both or late stricture. When evidence of an acute abdominal disorder is observed or when conservative treatment falls to alleviate symptoms, prompt surgical intervention should be performed. PMID- 3490247 TI - Macrophage-mediated modulation of hepatocyte protein synthesis. Effect of dexamethasone. AB - We have previously reported an in vitro model demonstrating decreased hepatocyte protein synthesis following co-culture with macrophage-rich peritoneal cells (MRPC) in Sprague-Dawley rats. These observations have been proposed by us and others to represent a possible model for macrophage- or Kupffer cell-mediated modulation of hepatocyte function. Such a mechanism may play a role in the etiology of hepatic failure in sepsis. This effect is shown in this investigation to be completely blocked by dexamethasone at concentrations equal to or greater than 10(-9) M. The presence of lymphocyte-activating factor in the MRPC conditioned medium is suppressed at the same concentration of dexamethasone. Resident MRPC were shown to secrete significant amounts of lymphocyte-activating factor activity without further in vitro activation. These results support the concept that the MRPC mediation of decreased hepatocyte protein synthesis is inflammatory in nature and possibly associated with macrophage activation. PMID- 3490248 TI - Augmentation of immune responses in vitro by cianidanol. PMID- 3490250 TI - Prevention and management of delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage after filtration surgery. AB - We report two new cases of massive delayed nonexpulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (DNSH) following a filtering operation in the aphakic eyes of elderly patients with glaucoma. A timely surgical drainage resulted in full recovery of preoperative visual acuity in both of our patients. As we combine our cases with a series of 18 similar cases of others in the literature, the following conclusions emerge. Limited DNSH does not require surgical intervention for a favorable visual outcome. Massive DNSH, however, requires timely and appropriate surgical intervention to achieve a favorable visual outcome and to avoid persistent hypotony. The most effective surgical intervention is drainage of the suprachoroidal hemorrhage and re-formation of the anterior chamber, but without concomitant vitrectomy. In both limited and massive DNSH, the final visual outcome is not determined by the worst vision at the time of DNSH. Some of the known and suspected risk factors of DNSH following filtering surgery are old age, aphakia, postoperative hypotony, a history of vitreous manipulation or complication, general anesthesia, increased venous pressure, use of fluorouracil, and high myopia. In view of these risk factors, we recommend several preventive measures for decreasing the incidence of DNSH following filtering surgery. PMID- 3490249 TI - Management of postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage with continuous-infusion air pump. AB - Seven patients suffered delayed nonexpulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhages following filtration procedures. Six of seven eyes were aphakic, while the seventh had a subluxated lens associated with aniridia. In six of the seven cases, the hemorrhagic choroidal detachments completely filled the posterior segment, and visual acuity was reduced to light perception only. Surgical drainage of the hemorrhages was accomplished through one or two sclerotomies with simultaneous air insufflation of the eye through a limbal needle attached to a continuous infusion air pump. With this technique, visual acuity was restored to a level equal to or better than the prefiltration acuity in five of seven patients. One patient suffered a slight decline in acuity from 20/60 to 20/100, and another patient's visual acuity declined from finger counting at 5 cm to hand motions. PMID- 3490251 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients previously untreated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were investigated using monoclonal antibodies under flow cytometry before starting treatment. T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with squamous cell carcinoma did not significantly differ from those in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects, patients with benign tumors of the head and neck, patients with chronic sinusitis and patients with benign otolaryngological diseases. The necessity to investigate the function of T-lymphocyte subsets was suggested. It was furthermore suggested that T-lymphocyte subsets in cancerous tissues should be investigated. PMID- 3490252 TI - Colonic haemangioma--an unusual cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Cavernous haemangioma of the colon is a rare cause of colonic varices. It is a congenital vascular malformation of the large bowel often associated with cutaneous haemangiomata. A case is reported with this unusual pathology presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3490253 TI - Relationship of serum alpha-amylase to aflatoxin resistance in Japanese quail. AB - Serum alpha-amylase (S alpha A) activities were examined in a non-selected population (NS) of Japanese quail and in two lines genetically selected for resistance to aflatoxin. Normal S alpha A activities of both selected lines were significantly lower than that of the NS line (P less than or equal to 0.05). An oral dose of 2.5 mg aflatoxin/kg body weight significantly lowered S alpha A activity in NS quails after 24 hours; 18.0 mg/kg body weight was required to decrease the activity in selected lines to a similar degree. The two selected lines did not differ significantly in response. Disc tube gel electrophoresis of the serum revealed eight bands of S alpha A activity and six S alpha A zymogram phenotypes in the total population using an iodine-staining technique. Neither migration distance nor band width varied with genetic line, but the frequency of quails with at least one of three specific anodic bands was significantly higher in the selected lines (75% and 100%) than in the NS line (27%). The frequencies of the zymogram phenotypes with these bands were similarly increased in the resistant populations. Although there are differences in total S alpha A activity between the selected aflatoxin-resistant lines and the NS line, the presence of specific electrophoretic anodic band types and the S alpha A zymogram may be more useful indicators of aflatoxin resistance. PMID- 3490254 TI - Images of the brain in psychiatry. AB - In psychiatry, the use of computer-based techniques for constructing images of the brain is relatively recent. Nevertheless, findings that have resulted from their use thus far might provide us with a new perspective in the understanding of mental illness. They raise the possibility that many of the disorders, previously understood primarily in terms of psychosocial factors, are associated with specific abnormalities of brain structure and/or function. Although terms such as NMR, BEAM, RCBF, SPECT and PET are increasingly found in medical and psychiatric journals, few people understand in simple terms the principles on which these techniques are based. In this article the techniques used for constructing images of brain structure and function are explained, and an overview of the findings in psychiatric disorders is presented. PMID- 3490255 TI - [Statistics on arcus senilis]. PMID- 3490256 TI - [Extent of venereal diseases, hepatitis B and acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome in prostitution]. PMID- 3490257 TI - Interconversion of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate to inositol (1,3,4,5) tetrakisphosphate and (1,3,4)-trisphosphate in permeabilized adrenal glomerulosa cells is calcium-sensitive and ATP-dependent. AB - The metabolism of [3H]inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate was followed in permeabilized bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. At low Ca++ concentration (pCa = 7.2), more than 90% of [3H]inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate had disappeared within 2 min, while two other metabolites, [3H]inositol (1,3,4)-trisphosphate and [3H]inositol (1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate appeared progressively. At higher Ca++ concentrations (pCa = 5.7 and 4.8), the formation of these two metabolites was markedly increased, but completely abolished if the medium was ATP-depleted. The peak levels for the generation of [3H]inositol (1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate (1 min) preceded those of [3H]inositol (1,3,4)-trisphosphate and were closely correlated. These results suggest that, in adrenal glomerulosa cells, the isomer inositol (1,3,4)-trisphosphate is generated from inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate via a calcium-sensitive and ATP-dependent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation pathway involving the formation of inositol (1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate. PMID- 3490258 TI - Influence of a tumor promoting phorbol ester on the metabolism of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3. AB - When added to primary cultures of chick kidney cells, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) decreased the basal rate of production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and increased that of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3). The normal stimulatory effect of parathyroid hormone and forskolin on 1,25(OH)2D3 production was abolished or blunted by the presence of TPA and TPA overcame the inhibitory effect of PTH and forskolin on 24,25(OH)2D3 production. The evidence suggests that protein kinase C may be involved in the regulation of 25(OH)D3 metabolism by chick kidney cells. PMID- 3490259 TI - Transforming growth factor activity of bovine brain-derived growth factor. AB - Bovine brain-derived growth factor (BDGF), whose biochemical properties resemble those of endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) and brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (acidic FGF), is able to promote colony formation of normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK cells) in soft agar. As in the case of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), EGF potentiates the anchorage independent growth promoting activity of BDGF. In the presence of EGF (5 ng/ml), the optimal concentration of BDGF for stimulation of anchorage-independent of NRK cells is approximately 0.5 ng/ml. At higher concentrations, BDGF becomes inhibitory. The anchorage-independent cell growth promoting activity of BDGF differs from that of TGF beta in acid and reducing agent stability. PMID- 3490260 TI - Enhancement by interleukin-1 (IL-1) of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-I) activity in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Cultured human endothelial cells produce increased levels of PA-I when stimulated with IL-1. The stimulatory effect was elicited by both alpha (pI 5) and beta (pI 7) IL-1 molecules. The effect was both dose and time-dependent, plateau reached after 8 h. The PA-I measured in cell extracts was SDS-resistant with an apparent m.w. of 53 Kd and inhibited both tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (UK). No change in t-PA antigen level was detected with any of the IL-1 preparations tested. PMID- 3490261 TI - Nucleotide stereochemistry in the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase reaction. AB - In a recent study, we have shown that N10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase prefers (Sp)-MgATP beta S over the Rp isomer in the forward reaction. In this report the stereochemistry of ATP beta S produced from prochiral ADP beta S in the reverse reaction was determined. The ATP beta S product was purified and tested as a substrate for hexokinase (preference for the Rp isomer), adenylate kinase (preference for the Sp isomer) and N10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. A comparison of kinetic constants for the product and the authentic Sp and Rp isomers shows that the product is the Sp diastereomer. 31P NMR was also used to identify the product as (Sp)-ATP beta S. PMID- 3490262 TI - Role of N-methyltransferases in the neurotoxicity associated with the metabolites of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and other 4-substituted pyridines present in the environment. AB - Amine N-methyltransferases in the brains of humans, monkeys, mice, rabbits and rats, as well as two homogeneous enzymes isolated from rabbit liver, are capable of N-methylating 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to 1-methyl-4 phenyltetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and 4-phenylpyridine to 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). The product in each instance is a neurotoxin. The suggestion is offered that the known long half-life of methylpyridinium compounds in brain may be due to limitations in transport of such charged metabolites out of this tissue and to metabolic recycling of the desmethyl species by amine N methyltransferases. The methylation of pyridines to quaternary amines is suggested as a means by which lipophilic compounds, having gained entrance to the cell, are converted to charged species that efflux much less readily. PMID- 3490263 TI - DNA-daunorubicin complexes specifically suppress in vitro spontaneous anti-DNA antibody production in lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Elevated production of anti-DNA antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a central problem in the pathogenesis of tissue injury. In the present study, we attempted to manipulate anti-DNA antibody production through the antigen-cytotoxic drug conjugates, DNA-daunorubicin complexes. The effect of DNA-daunorubicin complexes was determined by examining SLE lymphocytes for spontaneous in vitro production of anti-DNA antibody. These complexes, at 2 micrograms/ml, suppressed anti-DNA antibody production, but not total IgG production, which suggests that specific suppression of anti-DNA antibody production was achieved at this concentration. We believe that the DNA daunorubicin complexes affected mainly B cells, since such suppression was obtained by treating B cells, as well as B plus T cells. Furthermore, the complexes had no effect on the proliferative responses of SLE T cells to DNA, phytohemagglutinin, or concanavalin A. These results indicate that DNA daunorubicin complexes may have the potential for selectively suppressing anti DNA antibody production in patients with SLE. PMID- 3490265 TI - A strong association between null alleles at the C4A locus in the major histocompatibility complex and systemic sclerosis. AB - Allotyping of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked complement component C4 has revealed a strong association of the null allele, C4A*Q0, with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Sixty-four percent of patients with SSc carried the C4A*Q0 allele, compared with 17% of the control group. Twenty-five patients and their families were typed for HLA antigens (A, B, Cw, and DR) and the MHC-linked complement components C4 and factor B to identify haplotypes in the MHC linkage group and C4 null alleles. Strong allelic association of HLA-B8 and DR3 with C4A*Q0 probably explains the previously reported association of SSc with the extended haplotype carrying HLA-B8 and DR3. Ninety-two percent of the patients had either C4A*Q0 or DR5; 31% of the controls had either C4A*Q0 or DR5. PMID- 3490264 TI - Anti-SS-A antibodies and fetal outcome in maternal systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In 155 women with systemic lupus erythematosus, there were no significant differences in the rates of fertility or adverse fetal outcome between the 47 (30%) with serum anti-SS-A antibody and the 108 without anti-SS-A, except in the frequency of congenital heart block. This complication occurred in 6 of 96 pregnancies in women with anti-SS-A and was associated with high-titer maternal antibody. The overall risk of a woman with lupus having an infant with congenital heart block was estimated to be 1:60, but the risk was considerably higher (1:20) if anti-SS-A antibody was present. PMID- 3490266 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation. PMID- 3490267 TI - Receptors for epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) and insulin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes maintained in serum-free medium. AB - We have analyzed the receptors for epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) (EGF URO) and insulin in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes maintained for up to 3 weeks on human placental cell matrix in serum-free defined medium. Cross link labeling experiments revealed that the insulin receptor, partially damaged by the collagenase isolation procedure, was rapidly regenerated to yield an intact receptor. In contrast, cross-link labeling of the EGF-URO receptor revealed that, upon prolonged culture, there was a progressive disappearance of the high molecular mass (175 kilodaltons (kDa)) receptor form, and an appearance of low molecular mass receptor species (130 and 105 kDa). After 3 weeks of culture, the low molecular mass receptor forms accounted for all of the labeled EGF-URO receptor present in the cells. Measurements of EGF-URO binding indicated that the number of EGF-URO binding sites per cell (2.0 x 10(5) +/- 0.3 x 10(5)) did not change during the 3 weeks of culture. However, there was a decrease in EGF-URO binding affinity, reflected by an increase in the KD from 0.6 to 3.0 nM. At zero time and after 3 weeks in culture, Scatchard plots of the binding data were linear; at intermediate time points, the plots were curvilinear. Despite the changes in the EGF-URO receptor that occurred, cells were still responsive to EGF URO in terms of the inhibition of acetate incorporation into lipid. The ED50 for EGF-URO (about 0.2 nM) was the same for short-term cultures (48 h) as for cells maintained in culture for 3 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490268 TI - Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium with early onset: observations after 20 years of illness. AB - Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium is a rare, acquired disorder of bone mineralization characterized by a morphologic abnormality of bone collagen that presents with bone pain and tenderness and usually results in the patient becoming bedridden. Onset of symptoms in the six previously reported cases of this disorder occurred in patients over 50 years of age. We report a case of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium with symptoms starting at age 39 where the diagnosis was not made even after three bone biopsies because of the failure to recognize the characteristic morphologic abnormality of collagen. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, increased urinary hydroxyproline, and numerous osteoclasts on a bone biopsy are compatible with increased bone turnover. There was no apparent abnormality of vitamin D metabolism contributing to this disorder. Treatment with sodium fluoride, synthetic salmon calcitonin, and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D did not result in any apparent benefit. PMID- 3490269 TI - Disposition of propofol in patients undergoing surgery. A comparison in men and women. AB - The disposition kinetics of propofol have been determined in 12 patients (six female) receiving propofol 2.5 mg kg-1 for induction of anaesthesia, which was maintained with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 1-1.5% halothane. Peripheral blood samples were collected at selected times up to 8 h after the injection of the drug, and whole blood propofol concentrations determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Drug concentration-time data were analysed by the non linear regression program ELSFIT. This showed the data to be describable by a tri exponential equation, corresponding to a three-compartment model. There were no differences in the derived kinetic indices for the male and female patients, with the exception of a greater Vdss:V gamma ratio in the males. The terminal half life in the male patients was 262 min (SEM 44), and in the female patients 309 min (60). Vdss was 329 litre (67) and 313 litre (69) in male and female patients, respectively. The clearance in both groups was 1.8 litre min-1. Seven out of 12 patients showed significant secondary peaks in blood propofol concentration associated with recovery from anaesthesia. PMID- 3490271 TI - Comparative effects of famotidine and cimetidine on 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity in human livers. PMID- 3490270 TI - Dose requirements of propofol by infusion during nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. I: Patients premedicated with morphine sulphate. AB - The study was performed to determine the ED50 and ED95 of a continuous infusion of the emulsion formulation of propofol during 67% nitrous oxide anaesthesia in 57 patients premedicated with morphine sulphate 0.15 mg kg-1. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg kg-1, and maintained before incision with a fixed-rate infusion of propofol to supplement nitrous oxide. The response to the first surgical incision, made at least 30 min after induction of anaesthesia, was observed. The ED50 was 53.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and the ED95 was 112.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1. At the time of the first surgical incision, the venous whole blood concentrations of propofol at the ED50 and ED95 infusion rates (EC50 and EC95) were 1.66 micrograms ml-1 and 3.39 micrograms ml-1, respectively. The satisfactory maintenance of anaesthesia provided by nitrous oxide supplemented with propofol was associated with haemodynamic stability and rapid, uncomplicated recovery. PMID- 3490272 TI - Mechanism-based in vivo inactivation of lauric acid hydroxylases. AB - The hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes that catalyze omega- and (omega - 1) hydroxylation of lauric acid are specifically inactivated in vitro but not in vivo by 10-undecynoic acid. The lack of in vivo activity may result from rapid degradation of the inhibitor by beta-oxidation. Strategies for the construction of fatty acid analogues that retain the ability to inactivate fatty acid hydroxylases but are resistant to metabolic degradation have therefore been sought. Fatty acid analogues in which the carboxylic acid group is replaced by a sulfate moiety, or in which two methyl groups are placed vicinal to the carboxylic acid group, have been found to inactivate lauric acid hydroxylases in vitro and in vivo without causing time-dependent inhibition of ethoxycoumarin O deethylation or N-methyl-p-chloroaniline N-demethylation. PMID- 3490274 TI - Isolation and identification of 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2, 1,24,25,28 tetrahydroxyvitamin D2, and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2: new metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 produced in rat kidney. AB - Three new metabolites of vitamin D2 were produced in vitro by perfusing isolated rat kidneys with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. They were isolated and purified from the kidney perfusate by the techniques of methanol-methylene chloride lipid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. By means of ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and specific chemical reactions, the metabolites were identified as 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2, 1,24,25,28 tetrahydroxyvitamin D2, and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2. Both 1,24,25,28 tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 were also produced when a kidney was perfused with 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D2. Thus, it becomes clear that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 is first hydroxylated at C-24 to form 1,24,25 trihydroxyvitamin D2, which is then further hydroxylated at C-28 and C-26 to form 1,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2, respectively. From several recent studies, it has been well established that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 is converted into various further metabolites in the kidney as a result of chemical reactions such as C-23, C-24, and C-26 hydroxylations, C 24 ketonization, and C-23:C-26 lactonization. From our study it is obvious that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 does not undergo all of the aforementioned chemical reactions except C-24 and C-26 hydroxylations. Also, our study indicates that C 28 hydroxylation plays a significant role in the further metabolism of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D2. Thus, for the first time, we describe a novel further metabolic pathway for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in a mammalian kidney. PMID- 3490273 TI - p-Amidino esters as irreversible inhibitors of factors IXa and Xa and thrombin. AB - A number of inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa have been described; however, only one inhibitor of factor IXa has been reported. This compound, dansyl-Glu-Gly Arg chloromethyl ketone (DEGER), inhibits porcine factor IXa with a second-order rate constant of 2.2 X 10(4) M-1 min-1. We now describe the synthesis and characterization of three p-amidinophenyl esters that inhibit human factor IXa with second-order rate constants comparable to those observed with human and bovine factor Xa and alpha-thrombin. These rate constants of inhibition, moreover, are 2-30-fold greater than observed when DEGER is employed to inhibit porcine factor IXa. Additional advantages of these derivatives include their ease of synthesis and low degree of toxicity. The p-amidinophenyl ester of benzoic acid was employed to inhibit human factor IXa, and the plasma clearance of the protein was studied in mice. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that the endothelial binding previously reported with factor IXa is independent of the active site, a finding similar to the behavior observed with factor Xa and alpha-thrombin in this and previous reports. PMID- 3490275 TI - Reversible changes in myelin structure and electrical activity during anesthesia in vivo. AB - X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded from sciatic nerve myelin by means of dynamic X-ray diffraction either from frogs, during the early stages of anesthesia in vivo induced by n-pentane inhalation, and from frog and rat sciatic nerves isolated immediately after the animal was anesthetized. This approach has enabled to resolve minor changes in myelin structure that occur during anesthesia which were found to be similar in frogs and mammals. The X-ray patterns show a reversible slight decrease in intensity of the even reflections during anesthesia. The electron density profiles from myelin of anesthetized and recovered nerves revealed that the unit membrane structure is practically identical in both circumstances. However, during anesthesia myelin membrane pairs move toward the cytoplasmic side becoming more closely packed by 1.6 A. Physiological activity was estimated during the recovery process: compound action potential recovered its maximal amplitude before myelin recovered its native structure. On the contrary, the conduction velocity seemed to be closely related to the structural recovery. This work provides evidence that early stages of anesthesia by n-pentane in vivo does not change membrane bilayer structure but perturbs the surface interactions between adjacent membrane pairs. PMID- 3490276 TI - Potential dependence of unidirectional chloride fluxes across isolated frog skin. AB - Isolated frog skins were voltage clamped at transepithelial potentials (Vt) ranging from -60 mV to 60 mV to measure transepithelial 36Cl- fluxes from the apical to the basolateral bathing solution (J13) and in the opposite direction (J31). The potential dependence of fluxes obtained in Na+-free choline Ringer's indicates the presence of conductive and nonconductive components that probably correspond to fluxes through paracellular and cellular pathways, respectively. Rectification of fluxes with reversal of the potential reflects a structural asymmetry, presumably in surface charge density. The data are consistent with a charge density of one negative charge per 280 A2 on the apical side. A new model for passive Cl- transport was developed that includes surface charge asymmetry and specifically accounts for the observed variation of conductance with potential. In normal frog Ringer's, J13 was larger than J31 at zero potential (active Cl- transport), J13 rose exponentially with increasing positive potential to reach a maximum at 40 mV (approximately open-circuit), and the predicted partial Cl- conductance exceeded the measured conductance leading to the conclusion that when J13 is largely driven by Na+ transport, much of the coupling occurs via nonconductive pathways. Theophylline stimulates Cl- transport that also occurs via nonconductive pathways as Vt becomes more positive. PMID- 3490279 TI - [Gangliosides of murine B-lymphoma MORC-406]. AB - Gangliosides of murine B-lymphoma MOPC-406 were studied, using biochemical methods and specific antibodies. The lymphoma was found to contain 12 ganglioside components which were identified as N-acetyl and N-glycoloyl forms of SiaLacCer, SiaGgOse3Cer, II3SiaGgOse4Cer, IV3SiaGgOse4Cer and II3IV3Sia2GgOse4Cer. PMID- 3490277 TI - The in vivo effects of acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon and warfarin on vitamin K epoxide reductase and vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in various tissues of the rat. AB - In rats the in vivo effects of a chronic low-dose treatment (+/- 60 micrograms/rat per day) with different coumarins (acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon and warfarin) on hepatic and non-hepatic vitamin K-dependent enzyme systems were compared. The plasma concentrations of the three coumarins differed largely but these differences were not reflected in the microsomal coumarin contents. The non hepatic microsomes contained less than 20% of the coumarins found in liver microsomes. No substantial differences were observed between the following effects of the three anticoagulant treatments. The blood coagulation factor activities were about 10% of normal. The hepatic microsomal vitamin K epoxide reductase activity was diminished to about 35% of control values. The vitamin K epoxide reductase activities present in kidney, lung, spleen, testis and brain microsomes were less influenced by the coumarin treatments; activities ranged between 45 and 65% of normal. In the liver microsomes a 15-fold accumulation of non-carboxylated precursor proteins was found; in the non-hepatic microsomes this effect was less pronounced but still present. The hepatic vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity was enhanced but the corresponding non-hepatic enzyme activities were slightly or not affected. In addition, the effects of a chronic low-dose warfarin treatment were compared with those after an acute high dose of the drug. PMID- 3490278 TI - Chemical and biological characterization of low-molecular-weight human skeletal growth factor. AB - Skeletal growth factor (SGF) activity was extracted from human bone matrix by demineralization and purified under dissociative conditions using hydroxyapatite, HPLC gel-filtration and HPLC reverse-phase chromatography. Human SGF thus purified was characterized chemically and biologically. Purified human SGF stimulated chick embryo bone cell proliferation at picomolar concentrations (half maximum at 2-3 ng/ml) and had little or no activity on other cell types tested (mouse 3T3 and normal rat kidney fibroblasts, embryonic chick intestinal and human placental cells). Human SGF did not displace 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor binding to normal rat kidney cells and did not stimulate normal rat kidney cell colony formation in soft agar. Human SGF activity was sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, dithiothreitol and performic acid but was resistant to heat (upto 70 degrees C), pH (3-10), cyanogen bromide, alkaline phosphatase and neuraminidase and did not bind jack bean concanavalin A or kidney bean lectin. From our chemical and biological studies it appears that human SGF is different from other known polypeptide growth factors: epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor. PMID- 3490280 TI - [Comparative characteristics of human interleukin-2 preparations isolated from various sources]. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was isolated from donor peripheral blood lymphocytes and from JURKAT T-lymphoma cells. The purification procedure including gel filtration on DEAE and CM-Sephadex resulted in a 400-fold increase of the enzyme specific activity. It was shown that optimal proliferation of T-lymphocytes occurs upon consecutive treatment of cells with phytohaemagglutinin and IL-2 as well as in the presence of a serum. The properties and procedure of isolation of the long proliferating line of IL-2-dependent T-cells B-5 were described. Proliferation of B-5 cells completely depended on the presence of IL-2 in the medium, although long-term proliferation occurred upon periodic stimulation of cells with the antigen (allogenic lymphocytes). In the absence of IL-2 B-5 cells decay within 36 hours. The perspective uses of IL-2 prepared from the cultural fluid of human peripheral blood lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy of tumours and the applicability of IL-2-dependent B-5 cells for testing the activity of IL-2 preparations from various sources are discussed. PMID- 3490281 TI - [Non-antioxidative mechanism of cytochrome P-450 stabilization by alpha tocopherol: the effectiveness in avitaminosis E]. AB - The efficiency of alpha-tocopherol as a 7-etoxycumarine deethylase protector in rat liver microsomes damaged by phospholipase A2 at various levels of vitamin E was studied. No selective damage of cytochrome P-450 isoforms possessing a catalytic activity towards 7-etoxycumarine under vitamin E deficiency was observed. Phospholipase A2 decreased the deethylase activity of cytochrome P-450, the efficiency of the damaging action being dependent on vitamin E content in the liver. Exogenous alpha-tocopherol exerts an antiphospholipase effect and protects 7-etoxycumarine deethylase; the protective action is inversely proportional to vitamin E level in the liver. Under normal conditions the damaging effect of phospholipase A2 on cytochrome P-450 is mainly provided for by lysophospholipids, while under vitamin E deficiency both lysophospholipids and free fatty acids exert a damaging action. A possible mechanism of the stabilizing effect of alpha tocopherol may consist in the interaction of the chromanol nucleus in the vitamin E molecyule both with lysophospholipids and with free fatty acids. PMID- 3490283 TI - [Histoarchitectonics of the cholinergic innervation of the frog tongue]. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was studied in dorsal tongue surface structures and in both tongue nerves (hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal) of frogs (Rana temporaria). AChE was found in nerve fibers of fungiform and filiform papillae, blood vessels, glandular ducts of tongue mucosa, both nerve fibers and also in the bodies of cholinergic neurons in subepithelial connective tissue and along the glossopharyngeal nerve. Their parasympathetic origin was suggested. The experiments with butirilthiocholin have revealed no activity of non-specific cholinesterases in the above structures. Possible role of cholinergic system in the regulation of tongue receptor function is discussed. PMID- 3490282 TI - Differences in thermal stability of frog and rabbit alpha alpha- and alpha beta tropomyosins determined by optical rotatory dispersion. AB - Frog and rabbit alpha alpha- and alpha beta-tropomyosins were purified, and their thermal stabilities determined by use of optical rotatory dispersion. The tropomyosins were found to be virtually completely helical at 5 degrees C. Regions of different thermal stabilities were seen for all tropomyosins. Rabbit and frog alpha alpha-tropomyosin show very similar thermal properties, with main transitions near 47-49 degrees C. The main transition for frog alpha beta tropomyosin is at 32 degrees C. The results show that the alpha beta-tropomyosins are less stable than the alpha alpha-forms. Only thermal transitions of the alpha beta-forms appear to be correlated with the body temperatures of the animals. PMID- 3490284 TI - Childhood Ki-1 lymphoma presenting with skin lesions and peripheral lymphadenopathy. AB - We describe a large-cell lymphoma of activated lymphoid cells in six children and adolescents. The presenting clinical features of regressing skin lesions and peripheral lymphadenopathy, sinus infiltration of lymph nodes, and infrequent tumor cell erythrophagocytosis resulted in initial diagnoses of malignant or regressing atypical histiocytosis in five cases. Binucleate and multinucleate tumor cells, sometimes with prominent eosinophilic nucleoli, resembled Reed Sternberg (RS) cells and occasionally were found in a cytoarchitectural milieu that was consistent with a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The tumor cells did in fact express the HD-associated antigen Ki-1, but unlike most types of HD, the RS-like cells expressed common leukocyte antigen and were negative for Leu M1. A T cell origin for the malignant cells was demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies in two cases, by focal staining for nonspecific esterase in one case, and by rearrangement of the beta-chain genes for the T cell receptor in a fourth case. These studies provide further evidence that some cases previously interpreted as malignant or regressing atypical histiocytosis and some types of HD are actually T cell disorders. PMID- 3490285 TI - Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by Abelson virus induced tumorigenic mast cell lines. AB - We have recently described a system that supports the development of continuously growing and tumorigenic cell lines after infection of individual multilineage hematopoietic colonies with Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV). We now provide definitive evidence that these transformed lines express features characteristic of mast cells. Although these lines have been maintained in some cases for more than a year in the absence of exogenous growth factors other than those present in fetal calf serum, colony formation could consistently after 2 months, and variably after 5 months, be shown to be increased several fold when pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (CM) was added to the cultures. CM from the A-MuLV-transformed lines was then tested for its ability to stimulate hematopoietic colony formation by cells from both fetal and adult tissues. Four of four randomly selected cell lines produced factors that were active on erythropoietic, granulopoietic, and in some cases pluripotent progenitors. Removal of viral particles from the CM from one of the lines (27d1) by either heat inactivation or high-speed centrifugation did not alter the colony stimulating activity detected. When CM from 27d1 cells was tested for its ability to stimulate the proliferation of interleukin 3 (IL3) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent FDC-P1 cells, a positive result was obtained. This stimulatory activity was not reduced in the presence of neutralizing anti-IL 3 immunoglobulin (Ig), suggesting that the activity detected was GM-CSF and not IL 3. This was confirmed by the lack of expression of the IL 3 gene in 27d1 cells as determined by Northern analysis of 27d1 cell RNA. Furthermore, S1 analysis of mRNA from 27d1 cells as well as two other lines indicated that the GM-CSF gene in all three was transcriptionally active. Taken together, these data suggest that A-MuLV transformation of normal mast cells or their precursors under certain conditions commonly activates the production of GM CSF. PMID- 3490286 TI - Large granular lymphocytes from patients with expanded LGL populations acquire cytotoxic functions and release lymphokines upon in vitro activation. AB - The phenotypic and functional features of purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from ten patients with LGL population expansions and cytopenias are described. The predominant LGL phenotypes were T3+, T8+, Leu-11+/-; however, in two patients, LGL expressed a T3-, Leu-11+ phenotype. Variable combinations of other LGL markers (OKM1, Leu-7), and HLA-DR were detected in individual cases. In nine of ten cases, freshly isolated LGL did not exert cytolytic activity for K562 target cells, but purified LGL cultured in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) acquired potent cytotoxic activity in all cases tested. LGL did not proliferate in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). However, LGL released variable amounts of IL2 and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) after PHA stimulation. In some cases, stimulation of fresh LGL with recombinant IL2 induced production of gamma-IFN. No correlation was found between the functional capabilities and the original phenotype of the expanded LGL populations. PMID- 3490287 TI - Low-dose deoxycoformycin in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia. AB - Ten patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia were treated with 2'deoxycoformycin (dCF) by intravenous bolus (4 mg/m2) given every other week. All ten patients are evaluable for response and nine of the ten patients have achieved a complete remission. In addition to clearing of hairy cells from the bone marrow, eight patients had resolution of their monocytopenia. Seven of the nine patients remain in unmaintained remission with a median duration of 6.2 months. Two patients have had relapse in the bone marrow alone and continue to have normal peripheral blood counts. They are being followed without treatment. Toxicity was minimal at this low dose with one patient having a mild reversible reduction in creatinine clearance. Four other patients had reversible neutropenia. There were no significant infections associated with treatment. Low dose deoxycoformycin administered intravenously every other week represents an extremely effective treatment for hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 3490289 TI - Autocrine secretion of GM-CSF in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Three cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) were identified in which clonogenic cells proliferated autonomously in vitro. Cells from two of these cases were found to secrete a colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that was immunologically and molecularly related to GM-CSF. Growth of AML-CFU could be blocked by the addition of a neutralizing antiserum to GM-CSF. Northern blot hybridization of leukemic cell mRNA with a cDNA probe for the GM-CSF gene revealed a 1-kb message identical in size to the normal GM-CSF message in stimulated T cells. No GM-CSF message was detected in the third case. These results indicate that constitutive expression of the GM-CSF gene, apparently by leukemic cells, can result in autonomous in vitro proliferation of AML-CFU in some cases of AML. PMID- 3490288 TI - Heterogeneity of large granular lymphocyte proliferations: delineation of two major subtypes. AB - Two major types of lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were observed. The proliferating LGLs in each type had distinct immunophenotypes, functional characteristics, and probably belonged to different cell lineages. The more common form (Type A) consisted of cells derived from the T cell lineage and had the T suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (T11+, T3+, T8+). The expression of the Leu 7 and HLA-DR antigen was variable. These cells did not have natural killer (NK) function but showed a variable degree of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) activity. Neutropenia was invariably present and rheumatoid arthritis and autoantibodies were frequent associations. These lymphocytes had many similarities to the major type of LGLs present in normal adult bone marrow. The other type of LGL lymphocytosis (Type B) consisted of cells lacking the antigens T3 and T8 but expressing M1 and NKH1. These cells possessed strong NK and ADCC activity but their cell lineage was not clear. Neutropenia and autoimmune phenomena were not detected. The cytochemical characteristics of the LGL granules from both types of patients were similar but differences in ultrastructure were observed. LGLs from Type B patients proliferated in the presence of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA). Significant changes in their basic T11+, T3-, T8- phenotype were not observed. IL 2 and TPA, however, had profound influence on the NK function of the cells with enhancement in the case of IL-2 and marked suppression when stimulated by TPA. PMID- 3490291 TI - Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by the Sugiura procedure: results of emergency operation. PMID- 3490290 TI - Lymphokine(s) from isolated T lymphocyte subpopulations support multilineage hematopoietic colony and megakaryocytic colony formation. AB - Conditioned medium derived from peripheral mononuclear low-density cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) supports the growth of noncommitted hematopoietic progenitors from marrow and peripheral blood cells. These immature progenitors (CFU-GEMM) can be identified in culture as multilineage hematopoietic colonies containing erythroblasts, eosinophilic, basophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, megakaryocytes, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes. In this report, we describe the effect of lymphokines released from purified T lymphocyte preparations of helper (T4) and suppressor/cytotoxic (T8) phenotype derived from peripheral blood on the growth of multilineage hematopoietic colonies and megakaryocytic colonies. It was found that PHA-stimulated lymphocytes of T4 phenotype and, to a lesser extent, of T8 phenotype elaborate lymphokine(s) that support the growth and development of multilineage colonies (CFU-GEMM), granulopoietic colonies (CFU-C), erythroid bursts (BFU-E) and megakaryocytic colonies (CFU-M) by nonadherent and T cell-depleted bone marrow cells. PMID- 3490292 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome at schools for mentally handicapped children in Concepcion, Chile. PMID- 3490293 TI - The aetiology of Dupuytren's disease. AB - Dupuytren's disease is a disorder frequently encountered in clinical practice. Knowledge of its aetiology has recently grown, but the precise cause remains unclear. PMID- 3490294 TI - British Society for Rheumatology. Third annual general meeting. London, 19-22 November 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3490295 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebello-pontine angle. AB - A variety of extra-axial lesions occurring at the cerebello-pontine angle was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Differences in spin sequence characteristics were found between neurilemmomas and meningiomas, with neurilemmomas exhibiting a greater increase in T2 than meningiomas. The T1 images were of less value in differentiating between neurilemmomas and meningiomas but were of value in the diagnosis of vascular lesions, due to the decreased T1 of blood clot. The T1 images were also of value in the assessment of tumour size and in the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. Extension of tumour into the internal auditory meatus was seen on MRI with acoustic neuromas and with one other lesion. The transverse perspective was of greatest value in lesion assessment. The coronal perspective was useful in certain situations but the sagittal perspective was of minimal clinical value. PMID- 3490296 TI - The antagonistic effect of corticotropin-releasing factor on pentobarbital in rats. AB - The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and hypothermia in rats were studied. Intraventricular administration of CRF significantly shortened the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital injection (50 mg/kg b.wt.) in a dose-dependent manner. CRF also attenuated the hypothermic effect of pentobarbital. However, peripheral administration of CRF did not affect the action of pentobarbital. alpha-Helical CRF9-41, CRF antagonist, reversed the effects of CRF. These results suggest that CRF antagonizes the effects of pentobarbital within the central nervous system. PMID- 3490298 TI - CRF antagonist partially reverses CRF- and stress-induced effects on feeding. AB - Exogenous corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) causes centrally mediated behavioral changes including decreased feeding and increased grooming. These behavioral changes are also seen in response to some stressors. However, the role of endogenous CRF in the behavioral response to stressors has not been investigated fully. We report below our findings on the behavioral effects of alpha-helical CRF (9-41), a recently discovered competitive antagonist of CRF induced ACTH release. Alpha-helical CRF (9-41) partially reversed the decrement in feeding induced by CRF. Furthermore, the reduction in food intake due to restraint stress was partially reversed by alpha-helical CRF (9-41). These results indicate that changes in endogenous CRF release induced by the restraint stressor may play a role in stress-induced anorexia. PMID- 3490297 TI - Agonist and blocking effects of choline at the neuromuscular junction. AB - The effects of choline chloride were studied at the voltage-clamped frog neuromuscular junction by measuring miniature endplate currents and equilibrium dose response curves for acetylcholine applied by microionophoresis. Choline reduced the amplitude and shortened the time constant of miniature endplate currents in a dose dependent manner. Dose response curves carried out in the presence of low doses of choline (200 microM) were shifted to the right and the apparent dissociation constant for ACh was increased without affecting the Hill coefficient or the maximum conductance at the endplate. Higher doses of choline shifted the curve even further to the right but reduced the Hill coefficient and maximum conductance. Choline ionophoretic dose response curves were carried out but the conductance response was only about 1% of the response to comparable concentrations of ACh. In the presence of ethanol, which reduces the agonist dissociation constant, choline responses were increased and the dose response curve analysis revealed that the efficacy of choline was about 17% in comparison to ACh. Similar effects were measured at rat endplates. Rat nerve-muscle preparations were used to investigate the effects of choline upon neuromuscular transmission. PMID- 3490299 TI - Reduction in transmembrane Ca influx induced by the negative inotropic action of nicardipine in frog ventricular muscle. AB - The effects of nicardipine, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, on electrical and mechanical properties of frog ventricular muscle were examined. Nicardipine (3 X 10(-7) M) reduced the twitch tension, and this reduction was frequency dependent, and considerable, in case of high frequencies. The resting potential was not affected by nicardipine (3 X 10(-7) M), but the plateau height of the action potential was decreased and the duration of the action potential was shortened. The suppression of this plateau height was frequency dependent. The nicardipine-induced suppression of tension and action potential could be almost completely antagonized by raising the concentration of [Ca]o or by applying isoprenaline (8 X 10(-7) M). These results suggest that the negative inotropic action of nicardipine is induced mainly by a reduction in the transmembrane Ca influx. PMID- 3490300 TI - Mechanism for the opioid-induced twitch potentiations of frog's skeletal muscle. AB - The twitch-potentiating effects of opioids in the frog's skeletal muscle which are naloxone resistant and nonstereospecific were further studied. The rapid kinetics of the onset and of the offset (following washout) of the opioid effect indicates that the site for this action is the surface membrane of the muscle fibre. On the other hand, the lack of any twitch-potentiating effect by naloxone methylbromide, a quaternary derivative of naloxone, suggests that opioids which potentiate the twitch must enter the lipid phase of the membrane to act. Intracellular microelectrode experiments revealed no relation between the opioid effects on membrane electrical events and twitch potentiation. Blocking slow calcium channels with D-600 did not modify the opioid-induced twitch potentiation. The twitch potentiation was antagonized by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]o, to 8.64 mM. The effects of closely spaced multiple electrical pulses revealed that the opioids decreased the summated response relative to predrug controls. The results suggest that opioids facilitate the process of excitation-contraction coupling in the frog's skeletal muscle by the release of an additional amount of "trigger calcium" following a single electrical stimulus, thereby generating a potentiated twitch. PMID- 3490302 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer in Italy. AB - National trends in death certification rates from cancer of the stomach in Italy over the period 1955 to 1979 were analyzed using a standard cross-sectional approach and a log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of birth cohort, calendar period, and age. Overall, age-standardized death certification rates decreased from 47.04 to 30.74/100,000 males (average annual rate of change, assuming that the decrease has been constant, -1.8%) and from 34.55 to 19.27/100,000 females (average annual rate of change -2.4%). The decreases were even larger in middle age for both sexes. Both cohort and period of death curves were markedly downwards. However, cohort values did not decrease for generations born around the second world war (1935-1945), thus indirectly confirming the importance of (dietary) habits in childhood on subsequent gastric cancer risk. Further, the geographic distribution of certified mortality from gastric cancer in the 95 Italian provinces over the period 1975 to 1977 was analyzed. Death certification rates were about 10% lower for both sexes in the 14 provinces including the largest urban concentrations (over 250,000 inhabitants) than in the remaining areas. This finding might be related to earlier availability of modern food processing and storage in urban areas. It is, however, more difficult to explain the lower mortality rates (about 50% in both sexes) in the southern compared with the central and northern areas, since southern Italy is the less developed part of the country. Likewise, there appears to be at present little satisfactory explanation for the several clusters of exceedingly high mortality areas scattered in northern and central Italy, since some of these areas are several hundred kilometers apart, and there is no obvious common denominator in diet or other environmental factors that may explain their higher gastric cancer mortality rates. PMID- 3490303 TI - Morphologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic (MIC) working classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Report of the workshop held in Leuven, Belgium, April 22 23, 1985. First MIC Cooperative Study Group. AB - The classification of the acute leukemias requires close collaboration among several disciplines, including cytomorphology, immunology, and cytogenetics. Continual investigations in the subtyping of acute lymphocytic and acute myelogenous leukemias, utilizing a common language, may be valuable in furthering our understanding of the pathobiology of these neoplasms as well as being of utmost importance to clinicians. The results of a Workshop held in Leuven, Belgium, have been summarized and are presented herein, taking into account the various approaches, and presenting criteria for the classification of various subtypes of B- and T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3490304 TI - Retinoic acid restores normal growth control to a transformed mouse embryo fibroblast cell line. AB - The effects of retinoic acid on a transformed mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (AKR-MCA) were examined. Treatment with retinoic acid restored a non-transformed phenotype to this transformed cell line in a dose dependent manner. Retinoic acid (RA) treated AKR-MCA cells showed a non-transformed morphology, a slower growth rate, and did not grow with anchorage independence. A 38,000 Da protein was phosphorylated to a high degree in the AKR-MCA transformed cell line compared to the non-transformed AKR-2B cell line. RA treatment greatly reduced the level of phosphorylation of this protein in AKR-MCA cells. Growth arrested AKR-MCA cells showed a mitogenic response to nutrient replenishment, but not to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Treatment of AKR-MCA cells with RA restored their ability to respond to EGF while the response to nutrient replenishment was lost. This pattern of growth control was similar to that of the non-transformed AKR-2B cells. PMID- 3490301 TI - Smoking, drinking and use of illicit drugs among adolescents in Ontario: prevalence, patterns of use and sociodemographic correlates. AB - Data from a cross-sectional survey of the health of Ontario children carried out in 1983 were used to provide estimates of the prevalence, patterns and sociodemographic correlates of the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs (substance use) among adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. Ninety-one percent of selected households participated. The prevalence rates of all categories of substance use, except use of inhalants, increased with increasing age. Among children aged 14 to 16 years the rates for girls were higher than those for boys for all categories of substance use except use of other, nondefined drugs. The prevalence rates of substance use tended to be higher in small urban areas except for use of marijuana (more prevalent in large urban areas) and use of inhalants (more prevalent in rural areas). The strongest evidence of clustering of substance use within families was found for smoking. Children who used less prevalent drugs (e.g., "hard" drugs) also tended to use the more prevalent ones (e.g., marijuana, tobacco and alcohol). Associations between substance use and low socioeconomic status suggested a positive relation with smoking and a negative relation with use of alcohol. The findings highlight the need for preventive programs aimed at specific subgroups in the adolescent population. PMID- 3490305 TI - Specificity of the generation and expression of enhanced anti-plasmacytoma immunity by spleen cells from melphalan-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers. AB - We have shown previously that low-dose melphalan (L-PAM) therapy of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 plasmacytoma enables their hitherto immunosuppressed spleen cells to exert potent anti-MOPC-315 cytotoxicity following in vitro immunization with MOPC-315 tumor cells. Here we show that, following in vitro immunization with MOPC-315 tumor cells, spleen cells from such L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers exhibited enhanced T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity not only against the MOPC 315 tumor, but also against another plasmacytoma (MOPC-104E) possessing surface immunoglobulin (SIg) of a different idiotype than the MOPC-315 cells, as well as against a variant of the MOPC-315 tumor which does not produce nor possess SIg (SIg- MOPC-315). The enhanced cytotoxicity was directed against target antigens which are not expressed on the surface of the syngeneic WEHI 22.1 thymoma or the natural killer-sensitive YAC-1 cells. Plasmacytoma shared antigens, other than immunoglobulins, were able to stimulate spleen cells from L-PAM-cured MOPC-315 tumor bearers to generate in vitro a secondary type anti-plasmacytoma cytotoxic response. L-PAM-cured MOPC-315 tumor bearers exhibited in vivo immunity against SIg- MOPC-315 tumor cells, which was sufficiently triggered by the SIg- cells to bring about the rejection of a challenge of at least 100-fold the minimal lethal tumor dose of the SIg- MOPC-315 cells. Thus, SIg- MOPC-315 tumor cells present among SIg+ tumor cells in the parental MOPC-315 tumor inoculum can be eradicated in the L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers by the immune response to SIg+ tumor cells as well as by the immune response to SIg- tumor cells themselves. PMID- 3490306 TI - Effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (R-IL2) on in vivo growth of murine myeloma X5563. AB - The present study deals with the effect of recombinant interleukin 2 (R-IL2) on in vivo growth of murine myeloma X5563. Administration of R-IL2 (5 X 10(4) J.U./mouse per day) s. c. starting 1 day after X5563 inoculation i.d. had a marginal effect on the growth of X5563, and all the mice repeatedly given R-IL2 from day 1 to day 17 died. However, daily administration of R-IL2 starting 7 days after the tumor inoculation was highly effective and significantly lengthened survival time compared with the control mice injected with vehicle alone. About 50% of the treated mice were completely cured, and survived for more than a month after the therapy ceased. In a representative experiment, where the growth of X5563 was slow because of the small number of inoculated tumor cells, all the mice (n = 6) given R-IL2 from day 11 to day 23 showed complete cure of the established X5563 solid tumor. These mice showed in vivo protective immunity and in vitro cytotoxic T cell responses to X5563 tumor antigens. Histologically, a large number of macrophages and lymphocytes had infiltrated the area around the necrotic X5563 tumor mass in the mice which had received R-IL2 therapy. These results suggest that repeated injections of R-IL2 at the local site after tumor development can augment antitumor immunological responses and subsequently induce tumor regression. PMID- 3490308 TI - Emission tomography and cardiac nuclear medicine. PMID- 3490309 TI - Noninvasive quantitation of the left heart by echocardiography and scintigraphy. PMID- 3490307 TI - Suppression of both macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis and cytolytic factor production by a factor (CIF) derived from normal embryonic fibroblasts. AB - We had previously established a murine bone marrow-derived cell line, designated JBM phi 1.1, which displayed properties of normal macrophages, including the ability to perform macrophage-mediated cytolysis. It was also found that these cells could be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce reproducibly high levels of a cytolytic factor (CF) resembling tumor necrosis factor (TNF). This cell line was therefore selected for further studies on macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis and CF production. Moreover, the CF production during incubation with LPS was higher in the absence of serum than in its presence, with a maximum at days 2-3 following the addition of LPS. A factor inhibitory to CF production (CIF) was detected in our laboratory in the supernatant of embryonic fibroblast cultures. We established the experimental conditions required for the optimal production and suppressive effect of CIF. High levels of CIF activity were obtained under conditions that promote fibroblast proliferation. Addition of embryonic fibroblast culture supernatant to the macrophages shortly before LPS suppressed both LPS-induced CF production and tumoricidal activity. CIF did not affect macrophage protein synthesis in the presence or absence of LPS. However, LPS-induced interleukin 1 release was partially (55%) suppressed by embryonic fibroblast culture supernatant. Our results show that CIF does not exert a general inactivating effect on the macrophages, although it may possibly affect other functions in addition to CF production and tumor cell lysis. The strong inhibition of both the latter properties further indicates that TNF-like CF is an important mediator in macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis. PMID- 3490310 TI - Tuberculosis in early infancy. PMID- 3490311 TI - The T cell repertoire may be biased in favor of MHC recognition. AB - The receptors of two T cell hybridomas that recognize class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, respectively, have been compared. In both cases these receptors are hybrid molecules formed as a result of cellular fusion. The receptors contain the same alpha chain, contributed by the tumor cell fusion partner, and related beta chains, contributed by the normal T cell component. Thus, surprisingly, the same alpha chain can contribute to recognition of class I and class II MHC molecules. Moreover, the finding that in two independent examples hybrid receptor molecules created randomly by in vitro cell fusion recognize MHC supports the theory that the T cell repertoire has an intrinsic affinity for MHC. PMID- 3490312 TI - Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations. AB - The effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation for control of spasticity was studied in 59 spinal cord injury patients. SCS was markedly or moderately effective in reducing spasticity in 63% of the patients. We found that control of spasticity by SCS was not correlated with the severity of spasticity, the type of spasticity (flexor or extensor), or the ability to ambulate. However, stimulation was more effective in patients with incomplete cervical lesions than in complete cervical lesions. Stimulation below the lesion was more effective than above. We conclude that SCS was effective when electrodes were properly positioned below the lesion over the posterior aspect of the spinal cord in patients with some residual spinal cord function. We hypothesize that SCS controls spasticity by modification of activity of spinal-brainstem-spinal loops and by suppression of segmental excitation through antidromic activation of propriospinal pathways. PMID- 3490313 TI - Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: II. Neurophysiologic observations. AB - We sought neurophysiologic evidence that spinal cord stimulation could modify the behavior of spinal reflexes in 15 chronic SCI patients who showed the beneficial effect of SCS on spasticity. We studied the behavior of passive stretch, clonus, cutaneous touch, plantar reflex irradiation, and the response to the neck flexion reinforcement maneuver during spinal cord stimulation by use of surface PEMG recordings. Fifty-five percent of the responses were changed during spinal cord stimulation, but with widely varying patterns of response in individual patients. Exceptional patients showed changes in most or all responses; most showed changes in two or three. Thirty of seventy-five responses showed a reduction in motor unit activity in the recordings. Eleven of seventy-five responses were increased. Excessive stimulation strength enhanced spasticity in patients in whom another stimulus setting suppressed spasticity. We conclude that spinal cord stimulation could modify segmental reflexes but that the effects were selective, probably dependent on the preserved segmental structures and ascending and descending pathways. PMID- 3490314 TI - In vitro microbiological properties of mezlocillin compared with four cephalosporins. AB - The intrinsic activity, antibacterial spectrum and beta-lactamase stability of mezlocillin were determined and compared with that of four other beta-lactams: ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime. These parameters were studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against 397 gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas sp. and 124 gram-positive cocci, utilizing 10(5) and 10(7) CFU/ml bacterial concentrations. The sensitivity to ten different standard beta lactamases was determined by a spectrophotometric method that utilizes the velocity of cytochrome c reduction. Mezlocillin was hydrolyzed, at different degrees, by all the beta-lactamases under examination (TEM 1, TEM 2, OXA1, OXA2, OXA3, S + A, P99, STH4, SHV1, K1) but such hydrolysis did not affect its bactericidal activity which was similar to that of the other beta-lactamase stable beta-lactams. In addition MBC/MIC ratios were very low and the differences of MIC values at different bacterial inocula were not significant. We also studied the stimulation of inducible beta-lactamases by subinhibitory doses of antibiotics, the eventual changes of antibiotic susceptibility after these stimulations and, finally, the frequency of spontaneous resistant mutants. Mezlocillin stimulated the production of inducible beta-lactamases in 50% of the bacteria examined, but in contrast with the other drugs tested, no increase of MICs occurred nor did mezlocillin select resistant mutants. PMID- 3490316 TI - [Principles of emission computed tomography and their clinical use]. PMID- 3490315 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for von Willebrand factor antigen using a monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3490317 TI - Control of echinococcosis/hydatidosis: present status of worldwide progress. AB - Progress in national and provincial control programmes directed against Echinococcus granulosus is reviewed. The results show that this parasite, because of the low basic reproductive rate in its domestic life-cycle, is unstable and is amenable to control or eradication by currently available methods. The difference between control and eradication is defined and some suggestions for extension of control are discussed. PMID- 3490318 TI - Use of symptoms and signs for diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomiasis by rural health personnel. AB - The results are described of a study of 60 patients with sleeping sickness from north-east Zambia together with 60 hospital controls and 27 nearest-neighbour controls. Eight symptoms were significantly commoner among sleeping-sickness patients than among either set of controls, and some of these symptoms were used to devise a scoring system for use by rural medical personnel. Although most patients reported a short history of the illness, almost 90% had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid, and there was a significant tendency for the cerebrospinal fluid of adults with a longer history of sleeping sickness to contain trypanosomes. Enlargement of lymph nodes was significantly more frequent among the patients than among the controls, but often the submandibular, axillary, or inguinal rather than the posterior cervical nodes were enlarged. Signs associated with involvement of the central nervous system were common, but the cheiro-oral reflex was non-specific, also occurring frequently among hospital controls. PMID- 3490319 TI - An enzyme test for determining isomalathion impurities in water-dispersible powders of malathion. AB - An enzyme test for determining isomalathion (O,S-dimethyl-S-(1,2 dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate) impurities in water-dispersible powders of malathion (WDP malathion) is described. The test is based on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) by isomalathion extracted from WDP malathion. The lower limit of detection of the test is 0.01% (w/w) isomalathion. For 18 samples of WDP malathion there was good correlation between the levels of isomalathion found using the enzyme test and those obtained by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 3490320 TI - Cancers of the cervix uteri and breast: changes in incidence rates in Bombay over the last two decades. AB - The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Bombay has decreased over the last 20 years, whereas over the same period that of breast cancer increased slightly. Studies indicate that the incidence of cervical cancer is lower in successively later-born cohorts, but no cohort effect has been observed for breast cancer. Age at marriage is an important factor in the etiology of both these cancers, and it is plausible that the decrease in cervical cancer has resulted from the increase in age at marriage of women over the last 20 years in the city. The changing pattern of incidence of cancer for women in Bombay, among whom the incidence of breast cancer is the highest of all forms of cancer, indicates that, from a long-term perspective, cancer control programmes in India as a whole should aim at minimizing the risk of both cervical and breast cancer. PMID- 3490321 TI - Use of lay opinion leaders to promote diffusion of health innovations in a community programme: lessons learned from the North Karelia project. PMID- 3490322 TI - Smoking rates in Pacific islands. PMID- 3490323 TI - Prevalence of malnutrition in Indian preschool-age children: a survey of wasting and stunting in rural Tamil Nadu, 1983. AB - A cross-sectional survey of the nutritional status of 1223 preschool-age children was carried out in a development area in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Altogether, 45% of the children were underweight (low weight-for-age), 51% were stunted (low height-for-age), and 21% were wasted (low weight-for-height). The rates of severe malnutrition using any of these criteria were low, and only 9.6% of the children were both wasted and stunted. The nature of the malnutrition strongly depended on age group. Rates of stunting increased with age, reaching 63% in the fifth year of life, whereas rates of wasting peaked at 36% in the second year of life and declined to 14% in the fifth year. Surveys that are designed to produce information on stunting and wasting are important in the planning and evaluation of nutrition intervention programmes. PMID- 3490324 TI - O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity and sensitivity to N-methyl-N' nitro-nitrosoguanidine during human T-lymphocyte differentiation. AB - The activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MT) was assayed in various human lymphoid cell populations. It was found that during T-cell differentiation the activity of MT increased from 7000 MT molecules in thymocytes to 31,000 MT molecules in mature T-lymphocytes. The number of MT molecules also increased 2- to 3-fold in the course of the cell division cycle but the specific activity of MT did not change significantly. T-cell tumors and T-cell lines contained a higher number of MT molecules (70,000-125,000 molecules/cell) compared to normal T-lymphocytes. The sensitivities of various lymphoid cells to the DNA methylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine correlated well with MT activities observed in cell extracts. PMID- 3490325 TI - Porcine heart valves produce a protein that induces cell-mediated connective tissue degradation: I. Biological properties. AB - Cultured porcine heart valves secrete a factor that induces cells to degrade their extracellular matrix. This activity was routinely monitored by measuring the release of glycosaminoglycans from proteoglycan in cultured bovine nasal cartilage. It was observed that factor-mediated matrix degradation was dose dependent and required live target cells, while factor production by valves was inhibited by cycloheximide and declined with reduced cell viability. The effect of various steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the production and activity of the factor is discussed with reference to similar cytokines. It is concluded that there is a close similarity between the cardiac catabolic factor described here and catabolin, a protein isolated from porcine synovia and leukocytes, as shown by the neutralization of biological activity with antisera raised to porcine catabolin (interleukin-1). PMID- 3490327 TI - [Observation on the effect of mandelic amide on Trichomonas vaginalis by transmission electron microscopy]. PMID- 3490326 TI - Porcine heart valves produce a protein that induces cell-mediated connective tissue degradation: II. Biochemical properties of the partially purified protein. AB - A cardiac catabolic factor (CCF) has been partially purified from serum-free medium conditioned by minced porcine heart valves. CCF was prepared by a series of chromatographic techniques and compared directly with porcine synovial catabolin purified by the same protocol. CCF displayed a somewhat higher molecular weight (Mr 21,000) and isoelectric point (pI 5.2) than did synovial catabolin (Mr 18,000 and pI 4.8), but the two factors clearly resemble one another closely. CCF stimulated the release of glycosaminoglycans from cultured cartilage and mitral valve and provoked porcine valves to degrade their own collagen extracellular matrix. The release of hydroxyproline was inhibited by corticosteroids, whereas proteoglycan breakdown was not. Partially pure preparations of CCF and synovial catabolin stimulated murine thymocyte proliferation; moreover, that activity was almost totally abolished by an antibody raised against pure porcine interleukin-1. These observations suggest that CCF may represent a catabolic factor that belongs to the interleukin-1 family and that it could potentially regulate the composition of valvular connective tissue. PMID- 3490328 TI - Gender, cardiology, and optimal medical care. PMID- 3490329 TI - The role of coronary bypass surgery for 'left main equivalent' coronary disease: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry. AB - Combined proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex, or "left main equivalent" (LMEQ), disease defines a prognostic angiographic high-risk patient population. We assessed the effect of coronary bypass surgery compared with medical therapy in 903 patients with LMEQ disease by stratified life table and Cox regression analysis. The 5 year survival rates of the 639 and 264 patients who received surgical vs medical therapy was 85% vs 55%, respectively (p less than .001). Analysis of patient subsets stratified by age, angina class, right coronary disease, and ejection fraction revealed a significant survival benefit for surgically treated patients in most strata. Cox regression analysis revealed improved survival for surgically treated patients after adjustment for important baseline variables known to influence prognosis. Surgically treated patients had significantly less angina and need for antianginal drugs compared with the medically treated group. When the Coronary Artery Surgery Study randomized and randomizable LMEQ patients were analyzed, coronary bypass surgery improved 5 year survival when preoperative ejection fraction was under 0.50 but not when ejection fraction was 0.50 or higher. Thus coronary bypass surgery prolongs and improves quality of life (as defined by angina status and need for antianginal drugs) in most patients with LMEQ disease but does not appear to improve 5 year survival in a small subset of LMEQ patients who are asymptomatic after myocardial infarction or who have mild chronic stable angina and are under age 65 with well-preserved left ventricular function. PMID- 3490330 TI - Bypass surgery with the internal mammary artery graft: 15 year follow-up. AB - We performed a 15 year follow-up of 748 patients undergoing bypass surgery, comparing 532 patients with one or two internal mammary artery grafts with or without additional saphenous vein grafts to 216 patients with saphenous vein grafts alone. During the 15 years of follow-up the 532 patients with at least one internal mammary artery bypass graft had better cumulative survival (p less than .01), less early recurrence of angina (p less than .01), fewer myocardial infarctions (p less than .02), fewer reoperations (p less than .001), and better cumulative event-free survival (p less than .01) than the 216 patients with vein grafts alone. Patients who developed angina postoperatively had a better cumulative survival (p less than .01) in the presence of an internal mammary graft than with vein grafts alone. The 38 patients with double internal mammary grafts had the best survival rates, with lowest recurrence of angina and rate of late myocardial infarction and no need for reoperation. We conclude the internal mammary graft gives better protection against the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease than does the saphenous vein graft. PMID- 3490331 TI - Perioperative risk of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting: analysis of 500 cases from 1971 to 1984. AB - The records of the first 500 patients (420 men, 80 women, mean age 55 years, range 24 to 78) undergoing bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting were reviewed to determine in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Sixty patients (12%) had had previous cardiac operations and 130 (26%) previous saphenous vein removal. From two to seven total grafts (mean 3.2) were performed, including 595 IMA grafts to the anterior descending or diagonal artery, 355 to the circumflex, and 105 to the right coronary system. To assess changing risks, the first 125 patients (group A, 1971 to 1982) were compared with the next 375 (group B, 1982 to 1984). Major complications in groups A and B included stroke, four (3.2%) vs ine (2.4%); wound complications requiring reoperation, three (2.4%) vs five (1.3%); prolonged (greater than 48 hr) respiratory care, seven (5.6%) vs 19 (5.1%); and death, two (1.6%) vs five (1.3%) (no p value less than .05). Complications significantly less frequent in group B were new Q waves in nine (7.2%) vs 10 (2.7%) in group A (p = .02) and reoperation for bleeding in 17 (13.6%) vs 16 (4.3%) in group A (p = .0003). Logistic regression analysis showed that major complications did not correlate with gender, diabetes, number of grafts, or preoperative left ventricular function but were associated with increasing age (p = .0001) and previous cardiac surgery (p = .009) and were decreased by the use of cardioplegia (p = .002). The excellent long-term patency of IMA grafts, combined with low and decreasing perioperative risk, supports the continued use of bilateral IMA grafting. PMID- 3490332 TI - Use of internal mammary artery grafts for multiple coronary artery bypasses. AB - The internal mammary artery (IMA) is the preferred conduit for coronary artery bypass (CAB) because of its good late patency. Previously use of the IMA for CAB was limited to single anastomoses. During the last 22 months we have broadened indications for the IMA by using it for multiple distal anastomoses in 190 patients. The 166 men and 24 women ranged in age from 33 to 79 years (mean 59 years) and had an average of 2.7 diseased vessels. An average of 3.6 coronary arteries per patient were bypassed, and 65% of the distal anastomoses were made with the IMA. One hundred forty-five patients had bilateral IMA grafts and 45 patients had single IMA grafts with multiple distal anastomoses. Postoperative complications were infrequent and mortality was 0.5%. Risk of bleeding requiring reexploration was 3.4%, risk of perioperative myocardial infarction was 2.1%, and sternal complications occurred in 2.1% of patients. Eighty-seven patients consented to postoperative arteriography. All IMA grafts were open and 98.5% of distal anastomoses were patent. These good early results with the IMA support its wider use for bypass of multiple coronary arteries with a potential for improved late survival and functional results after CAB. PMID- 3490334 TI - Late postoperative ventricular function after blood and crystalloid cardioplegia. AB - Although blood cardioplegia preserves perioperative ventricular function better than crystalloid cardioplegia, late results are uncertain. Nuclear ventriculograms were used to assess ventricular function in 47 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery who were randomly assigned to receive blood (23 patients) or crystalloid cardioplegia (24 patients). Data were acquired at rest and during maximal exercise (bicycle ergometer) 1 month before surgery (PRE), 5 months after surgery (POST), and perioperatively at rest 3 to 5 hr after operation (PERI). Perioperatively, blood cardioplegia decreased ischemic injury (less elevation in creatine kinase-MB fraction and aspartate aminotransferase; p less than .05), preserved ventricular performance (lower stroke work index at higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume index after crystalloid than blood cardioplegia; p = .02 by analysis of covariance [ANOCOVA]) and preserved systolic function (higher left ventricular end-systolic volume index [LVESVI] at similar systolic blood pressure after crystalloid than blood cardioplegia; p = .02 by ANOCOVA). Postoperatively, resting ventricular performance and systolic function were not different with blood and crystalloid cardioplegia and were similar to preoperative measurements. Postoperatively, the response to exercise was similar between the two groups and was improved compared with that at PRE. Postoperative systolic function at exercise was similar between the two groups but was better than that at PRE (higher systolic blood pressure at similar LVESVI; p = .01 by ANOCOVA). The type of cardioplegic solution influenced perioperative but not late postoperative function after elective coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3490333 TI - Comparison of perioperative and postoperative phasic blood flow in aortocoronary venous bypass grafts by means of pulsed Doppler echocardiography with implantable microprobes. AB - Although graft dimension and hemodynamic variables have been suggested as important determinants of the functional results of aortocoronary bypass grafting, there is no easy-to-use bedside method of monitoring phasic blood flow in coronary bypass grafts. We developed a miniaturized implantable silicone pulsed Doppler flow probe linked to a classic 8 MHz pulsed Doppler system. This apparatus has an adjustable range-gated time system that permits accurate measurement of diameter (D, in mm), cross-sectional blood flow velocity (Vm, in cm/sec), and coronary bypass graft flow (CBGF, in ml/min) as pi D2/4 X Vm X 60. Ten patients (55 +/- 7.2 years SD) with preoperative left ventricular ejection fractions over 45% received the implantable flow probes during the aortocoronary venous bypass procedure. Closure of the chest altered systolic and diastolic components of flow velocity and CBGF decreased from 131 +/- 65.8 to 94 +/- 55 ml/min (-28%; p less than .01). Comparison between early postoperative values (intensive care unit) and values 6 days later showed significant increases in diameter from 4.2 +/- 0.9 to 5.3 +/- 0.9 mm (p less than .01) and in CBGF from 130 +/- 112 to 204 +/- 86 ml/min (p less than .01). We conclude that the implantable pulsed Doppler microprobe is a sensitive bedside method for monitoring aortocoronary bypass graft diameter and blood flow in the postoperative period. PMID- 3490335 TI - Bifid uvula and otitis media in Apache Indians. AB - The association of bifid uvula with otitis media and scarred tympanic membrane was studied in White Mountain Apache Indians at Canyon Day, Arizona. Of 349 persons seen during a survey for otitis media, 13.5 percent had clinical otitis media, and 64.2 percent had scarring of the tympanic membrane of the otoscopically worse ear; 20.3 percent had bifid uvula. Bifid uvula was not associated with clinical otitis media or scarred tympanic membrane. PMID- 3490336 TI - Prevention of lupus diseases in MRL/1, NZBxNZW, and BXSB mice treated with a cyclophosphazene derived drug. AB - A polyclonal activation of lymphocytes (PA) has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in autoimmune and immune complex diseases, particularly in mouse lupus. "DIAM 4," a cyclophosphazene derived drug, selected on the basis of its ability to modulate a PA has been used to treat female MRL/1, female NZBxNZW, and male BXSB mice. In these three strains of mice, the treatment was found to induce an inhibition of the PA, to prevent the increase of anti-DNA antibody levels and the simultaneous decrease of C3 levels, to prevent the appearance of proteinuria, the deposition of immune complexes in glomeruli, and the development of kidney lesions. Moreover in MRL/1 mice, lymphoproliferation was prevented. These results suggest that drugs able to modulate a PA might be efficient in the treatment of mouse lupus nephritis. Such a principle of immunomodulation might open the way to new possibilities of treatment of lupus and other immune complex diseases. PMID- 3490337 TI - The kinetic study on cell surface antigens of a hybridoma between human B cells and a mouse B-cell line. AB - Human B cells obtained from tonsils were fused with a mutant clone of a murine B cell line in the presence of polyethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide. THT12.58, a subclone of the human-mouse B-cell hybridoma, was shown to express human B-cell surface antigens on the cell membrane, namely B1, B2, I2, human IgM and IgD derived from human B cells by analysis of flow microfluorometry (FMF), as well as murine B-cell markers; the amount of these human B-cell markers on THT12.58 did not change for more than 1 year after establishment. Interestingly, the expression of the human B-cell antigens significantly decreased after treatment of the cells with B-cell stimulatory factors (BSF) obtained from the supernatant of the culture of PHA-P activated T cells; this was followed by significant enlargement in cell size compared with the control. A marked decrease in the amount of each antigen on the hybrid was observed when treated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC) in addition to BSF. In contrast, the expression of these markers on the cells increased after exposure of the cells to recombinant human interferon-gamma (rINF-gamma). Additionally, the effect of BSF on the generation of IgM-secreting cells by human B cells markedly decreased after absorption of BSF with the hybrid cells. These results suggest that THT12.58 may possess a receptor for BSF on the cell surface, and be capable of differentiating into much more mature stage of B-cell lineage after exposure to BSF. Thus, this kind of a human-mouse B-cell hybridoma with human B-cell differentiation antigens can be a good model to investigate the kinetics of cell surface antigens and characterization of a receptor for BSF on human B cells. PMID- 3490339 TI - Platelet function and coagulation studies in patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Twenty-eight consecutive patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), seven of whom had previous cerebrovascular disorders (CVD), were studied for platelet function and coagulation tests. While platelet function tests were found to be normal with the exception of platelet aggregation rate (PAR), there was a significant rise of factors VIII vWF:Ag (Von Willebrand) and (FPA) fibrinopeptide A. Six cases had high levels of both these factors, suggesting the existence of a particular subset of patients with MVP, with a higher risk of thromboembolic episodes, although only three out of seven patients with previous CVD had either FPA or VIII vWF:Ag levels. The broad spectrum of subjects with MVP probably explains the different results obtained when studying platelet function and coagulation factors. Therefore, larger population studies and prolonged follow-up of cases with either coagulation abnormalities similar to the ones found in the present report and/or altered platelet function tests are suggested to discover if it is possible to detect patients with a potential for thromboembolism. PMID- 3490338 TI - Immunological features of endemic goiter. AB - Some immune aspects of simple endemic goiter have been studied through a comparison of IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa and lambda chains, and C3 and C4 in the peripheral blood of 59 patients operated on for goiter and the peripheral blood of 49 normal controls. The median IgM was lower in the goiter blood. The incidence of thyroglobulin (Tg) and microsomal (Mi) antibodies (Abs) was 20.3% in goiter blood and that of nonthyroid autoAbs was 37%. Active and total rosetted blood lymphocytes were counted and OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, Leu 1, Leu3a, Leu2b, T DR+, and NK cell populations were classified. Helper T cells were occasionally decreased when goiter was associated with lymphocytic thyroiditis. The NK percentage was sometimes higher in goiter blood, whereas the T DR+ percentage was not significantly different in the two groups. Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) was noted in 32% of goiters (about 5% with a diffuse and nodular pattern). A prevalence of helper/inducer cells was observed among the infiltrating T cells. HLA-DR antigen (Ag) positive epithelial cells were seen, not only in LI areas. Granular deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 on the follicular basal membrane were stained in 6.7% of goiters Patterns histologically and immunologically similar to those in Hashimoto's thyroiditis may therefore be observed in long-standing simple endemic goiter, suggesting that an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in its pathogenesis. PMID- 3490340 TI - Palindromic rheumatism: you just have to think about it! PMID- 3490341 TI - Characterization of the in vitro effect of triethylphosphine gold (auranofin) on human NK cell activity. AB - Pharmacological concentrations of auranofin (oral gold) modulated NK cell activity in a dose dependent biphasic manner. In vitro low doses enhanced NK cell activity, while high doses inhibited the NK cell activity. Sodium aurothiomalate (parenteral gold) had no effect. The effect of auranofin on NK cell function was irreversible and independent of the presence of monocytes. Neither IF nor Il-2 abolished the auranofin-suppressed NK cell activity. When NK cell activity was enhanced by low doses of auranofin, both IF and Il-2 could further boost the NK cell function. Using percoll fractionated NK cell enriched populations in a single cell agarose assays, it was shown that auranofin did not influence effector/target cell conjugate formation. The effect of auranofin on NK cell activity is thus due to an influence on the lytic step. PMID- 3490342 TI - Caudate nucleus infarction demonstrated by N-isopropyl-p iodoamphetamine SPECT imaging using a rotating gamma camera. AB - N-isopropyl p-iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) was used in two patients with previous unilateral basal ganglia infarcts documented by CT of the head. Tomographic images obtained with a commercially available rotating gamma camera equipped with a long-bore collimator showed corresponding areas of decreased uptake in the head of the caudate nuclei. Detection of such small areas of decreased perfusion is possible using SPECT and I-123 radiolabeled IMP. PMID- 3490343 TI - SPECT gated cardiac imaging rules out paradoxical right ventricular wall motion. PMID- 3490345 TI - Optimizing the Class II composite restorative technique. PMID- 3490346 TI - Posttreatment benefits in a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program. Final results after 7 years of rinsing by all participants. PMID- 3490347 TI - Use criteria for occlusal equilibration and splint therapy. II. Maxillary and mandibular midlines as points of reference. PMID- 3490344 TI - A clinical study of the effect of Blendax antiplaque dentifrice on dental plaque accumulation and gingival health. PMID- 3490348 TI - The effect of antiseptic mouthrinses on oral microbial flora and denture stomatitis. PMID- 3490351 TI - Management of rheumatic disorders associated with the elderly. PMID- 3490350 TI - Conspectus: Rheumatic therapeutics today. PMID- 3490352 TI - Autolysis in the tail muscles of metamorphosing tadpoles. AB - Degradation of muscle homogenate from the metamorphosing tadpole tail of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was examined at acid and neutral pHs. More rapid and complete degradation was observed at acid pH. Proteinases working at acid pH were not inhibited by pepstatin but were inhibited by leupeptin. However, the inhibition by leupeptin was enhanced by pepstatin. These results show that lysosomal proteinases, a thiol proteinase(s) rather than cathepsin D, are involved in the degradation of tail muscle proteins. PMID- 3490349 TI - The effect of the dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D and dietary phosphate restriction on bone disease in uraemic rats. AB - Uraemic rats maintained on either a high or a low phosphate diet for 12 weeks were allocated to one of the following oral vitamin D treatment groups and received: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1, 25-(OH)2D3], 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3], both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3, or no vitamin D supplements. Mean serum creatinine concentrations were elevated to a similar extent in all groups. Mean serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were not significantly different from normal in any of the groups. In the group receiving the high phosphate diet and no vitamin D supplements, calcified bone area measured by quantitative computerized histomorphometry was significantly lower than in the group receiving the low phosphate diet and no vitamin D supplements (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001), and in the groups receiving high phosphate diet and either 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001) or 24,25-(OH)2D3 (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001). We conclude that uraemic rats maintained on a high phosphate diet for 12 weeks develop skeletal demineralization, this process does not occur in rats on a low phosphate diet, and a decrease in calcified bone area may be prevented by treatment with either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24,25-(OH)2D3. PMID- 3490353 TI - An improved data analysis method for interleukin 2 microassay. AB - Development of the interleukin 2(IL 2) microassay, coupled with the use of highly purified or recombinant factors has allowed a detailed examination of the mechanism of action of this important biological response modifier. However, probit analysis of the microassay data does not allow inherent error of the system to be approximated nor can units of activity be assessed for significance. A computer program was developed to analyze the validity of each regression line and to generate 95% confidence intervals around each line. This program employs analysis of variance, linear regression analysis and the parallel line assay to fix confidence intervals for each IL 2 unit value. The use of recombinant IL 2 as an immunomodulator in clinical settings warrants a more precise statistical method to evaluate normal fluctuations of this factor than currently in use. The development of such a method is presented here. PMID- 3490355 TI - Antioxidant activity of aqueous and vitreous humor from the inflamed rabbit eye. AB - The effects of aqueous and vitreous humors and plasma on the rate of auto oxidation of a rabbit brain homogenate were measured. Both aqueous and vitreous humors from normal eyes increased, while plasma decreased the rate of oxidation in the homogenate. During endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation the copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) concentrations of both the aqueous and vitreous humors increased, most likely due to the influx of their plasma binding proteins, ceruloplasmin (Cu) and transferrin (Fe). As both proteins are known to be antioxidants, it was not surprising to find that the aqueous and vitreous humor from the inflamed eyes had significant antioxidant activity. This antioxidant activity correlated well with the concentrations of Cu and Fe in aqueous humor and Cu but not Fe in the vitreous humor throughout the time course of the inflammatory response. Thus, entry of plasma proteins through disrupted blood ocular barriers may function in protecting ocular tissues against the increased oxidation which occurs during inflammation. PMID- 3490356 TI - Sexual activity after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Although successful rehabilitation of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) patients should include consideration of their sexuality, there is a paucity of data regarding their sexual activity (SA). One hundred thirty-four patients were interviewed in regard to the impact of surgery on their sexuality and the relation of SA to their work status. Eighty-four of the 92 previously sexually active patients and two of the inactive ones resumed SA. Sexual dissatisfaction prior to surgery was a negative factor (p less than .05), while return to work, in the group that was working before, was positive (p less than .05) for resumption of SA. The average time before resumption of SA after CABS was 7.8 weeks. Thirty-nine percent of patients decreased the frequency of SA. Seventeen percent of patients and 35 percent of their partners expressed fear of resumption of SA. Twenty-three percent of patients had symptoms during intercourse. The couples who resumed sexual activity had a closer emotional relationship (p less than .02). Two-thirds of the patients received sexual instructions, but in only 20 percent of the cases did the physician himself initiate discussion. Although after CABS patients fare much better in regard to SA when compared to myocardial infarction patients reported in other studies, CABS does not provide a net gain in SA and sexual functioning. Comprehensive sexual counseling is still not being adequately addressed. PMID- 3490354 TI - Effect of drug treatment on liver-slice function following 72-hour hypothermic perfusion. AB - The viability of hypothermically perfused dog liver was evaluated with a tissue slice technique. After being preserved for 72 hr, slices of liver were incubated at 30 degrees C for as long as 2 hr; then water content, K+/Na+ ratio, and ATP concentration were measured. Dog livers were assigned to the following experimental groups: Group 1 (no preservation; control); Group 2 (livers preserved for 72 hr); Group 3 (donor animals pretreated with 3.5 mg/kg of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone (MP), and livers preserved for 72 hr); Group 4 (livers pretreated with 2-deoxycoformycin (2-DOC), 50 mg/liter, and preserved for 72 hr); and Group 5 (combination of Group 3 and Group 4 treatments). Livers in Groups 2, 3, and 4 lost K+ during preservation, and the mean K+/Na+ ratio significantly decreased from a control value of 4.2 +/- 0.4 to 1.5-1.9 (P less than 0.05). Group 5 livers did not lose K+; mean K+/Na+ ratio was 3.9 +/- 0.5. Fresh livers (no preservation) rapidly reaccumulated K+ when the tissue slices were incubated for 2 hr at 30 degrees C; mean K+/Na+ ratio was 3.7 +/- 0.5. Tissue slices from Group 2 livers (72 hr preservation), and livers pretreated with CPZ-MP (Group 3) or pretreated with 2-DOC (Group 4) did not significantly reaccumulate K+ at 30 degrees C; mean K+/Na+ ratio was 1.7-2.1. Only slices prepared from liver pretreated with both CPZ-MP and 2-DOC reaccumulated K+; mean K+/Na+ ratio was 4.6 +/- 1.2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490357 TI - [Analysis of the cause and rate of regional maternal death in 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions]. PMID- 3490358 TI - [Clinical observation and experimental study of the treatment of menorrhagia with tiaojing I]. PMID- 3490359 TI - [T gamma cells and T mu cells in patients with gynecologic cancers]. PMID- 3490361 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in competitive runners. AB - Competitive runners have been shown to develop previously undescribed clinical conditions, including "runner's anemia." This has been shown to be an iron deficiency anemia of several etiologies including gastrointestinal bleeding. Although 8-23% of runners have been shown to have guaiac-positive stools after a marathon, the incidence of significant and prolonged bleeding is unknown. We report four cases of competitive runners with iron-deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding coinciding with running, and no definitive gastrointestinal pathology despite extensive evaluation. PMID- 3490364 TI - [Interpretation of the meridional x-ray diffraction pattern of frog skeletal muscle at rest]. PMID- 3490362 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss associated with running a marathon. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding has been observed in long-distance runners. We prospectively studied participants of the Eighth Annual Marine Corps Marathon to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal blood loss associated with long distance running. Of 600 runners contacted, 125 (21%) returned a questionnaire as well as pre- and postmarathon stool specimens. Stool specimens converted from Hemoccult negative to positive in 29/125 (23%) of the participants, indicating that running the marathon was associated with gastrointestinal blood loss (P less than 0.001). The incidence of this conversion (negative to positive) was significant for both males (N = 68, P less than 0.001) and females (N = 57, P less than 0.05). Gastrointestinal bleeding appeared to be independent of age, race time, abdominal symptoms, and the recent ingestion of aspirin, vitamin C, or steak. PMID- 3490363 TI - Wolfram's syndrome: a clinical, diagnostic, and interpretative contribution. AB - Four cases (belonging to two different families) of Wolfram's syndrome (WS), a rare congenital disease characterized in its complete form by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, deafness, and dilation of the urinary tracts are presented, and a review of the literature is included. Three of four patients are characterized by HLA-DR2 haplotype, which is rare in IDDM. The neurodegenerative nature of some symptoms and the possible pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus connected with it are discussed. PMID- 3490360 TI - Changes in DNA topology during spermatogenesis. AB - DNA topology in histone- and protamine-depleted nuclei (nucleoids) from somatic cells, sperm, and spermatogenic cells was studied to determine if the superhelical configuration of DNA looped domains is altered during spermatogenesis. The expansion and contraction of nucleoid DNA was measured with a fluorescence microscope following exposure of nucleoids to different concentrations of ethidium bromide (EB). Nucleoids from Xenopus laevis erythrocytes, primary spermatocytes, and round spermatids, and from Rana catesbeiana sperm all exhibited a biphasic change (condensed-relaxed-condensed) in size as a function of exposure to increasing concentrations (0.5-100 micrograms/ml) of EB, indicating that they contain negatively supercoiled DNA. In contrast, DNA in sperm nucleoids from Xenopus laevis and Bufo fowleri was relaxed and expanded at low (0.5-6 micrograms/ml) EB concentrations, but became gradually condensed as the EB concentration was increased (6-100 micrograms/ml). Nucleoids prepared from all cell types retained the general shape of the nucleus regardless of the superhelical configuration of the nucleoid DNA. Sperm nucleoid DNA condensed by 100 micrograms/ml EB was relaxed by exposure to UV light, DNase I, proteinase K, or 4 M urea, but not by RNase A or 10 mM dithiothreitol. These results demonstrate that the DNA in sperm nucleoids is constrained in domains of supercoiling by nonbasic nuclear proteins. Negatively supercoiled DNA is present in nucleoids from cells with a full complement of histones, including Rana sperm, but not in nucleoids from Xenopus and Bufo sperm in which histones are replaced by "intermediate-type" protamines. Histone replacement in these species, therefore, is accompanied by unfolding of nucleosomal DNA and active removal of the negative supercoils. Results presented also suggest an important role for the nonbasic nuclear proteins of sperm in the morphogenesis of the nucleus and the arrangement of DNA. PMID- 3490365 TI - Co-trimoxazole, or just trimethoprim? PMID- 3490366 TI - [Treatment of gallstone pancreatitis]. PMID- 3490367 TI - Electrical restoration of the blink reflex in experimentally induced facial paralysis. PMID- 3490369 TI - Assessment of myocardial metabolism by cardiac imaging. An international symposium. Vienna, Austria, October 1985. PMID- 3490368 TI - Biological activity of synthetic heptaacyl lipid A representing a component of Salmonella minnesota R595 lipid A. AB - A synthetic lipid A (preparation 516), containing seven acyl groups and representing one component of natural free lipid A of Salmonella minnesota R595, has been investigated for biological activity in a number of endotoxin test systems. It was found that the synthetic preparation was, in typical in vivo endotoxin tests (lethality, pyrogenicity, Shwartzman reactivity) as well as in its antigenicity and macrophage activation capacity, significantly less active than natural Salmonella lipid A. However, in other in vitro assay systems (B-cell mitogenicity, complement activation, Limulus amoebocyte lysate gelation) it expressed similar activity as Salmonella lipid A. PMID- 3490370 TI - Myocardial imaging with radiolabeled free fatty acids: applications and limitations. AB - The assessment of myocardial fatty acid metabolism using radiolabeled substrates has recently become a new diagnostic modality in noninvasive cardiology. The development of metabolic tracers has been made possible largely due to a combined increase in the understanding of myocardial biochemistry and in nuclear-medicine technology. Initially, imaging and the exploration of myocardial metabolism appeared to be the exclusive domain of positron-emission tomography. However, investigators have been successful in applying radioiodine-labeled fatty acids that can be monitored using conventional gamma cameras. These metabolic substrates can be used not only for imaging purposes, but also for the evaluation of regional metabolic clearance rates, which may serve as a parameter for myocardial fatty acid metabolism. Although the initial results have been promising, the analysis and interpretation of clearance curves appears to be rather complicated and may produce a lot of unanswered questions. A great deal remains to be done due to the complex biological behavior of the tracers employed and the difficulties encountered in quantitatively delineating the distribution of radioactivity in the beating heart in vivo. Therefore, closer integration of myocardial biochemistry and the metabolic imaging technique seems to be necessary for enhancing our knowledge of myocardial fatty acid metabolism and to make metabolic imaging clinically useful. PMID- 3490371 TI - I-123 heptadecanoic acid--value and limitations in comparison with C-11 palmitate. AB - To define the potential of 123I-labeled heptadecanoic acid (IHA) for the noninvasive assessment of myocardial free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism, the kinetics of IHA were compared to those of physiologic 11C-palmitate (CPA). The single-pass myocardial extraction fraction of IHA was lower than that of CPA (0.53 +/- 0.11 vs 0.65 +/- 0.10 under control conditions). Following an intracoronary injection of IHA and CPA, the myocardial time-activity curves showed biphasic clearance of both tracers. While, for CPA, the half-time of the early phase of the time-activity curve was a function of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), this phase was not found to reflect the oxidative metabolism of IHA. However, for both tracers, the size of the early phase increased with augmented MVO2, whereas the size of the late phase decreased. The late phase represents storage of both tracers in triglycerides and phospholipids. Hence, while quantitative measurement of CPA oxidation is possible from the early phase of the time-activity curve, only the ratio between the size of the early and late phase might be of value in assessing myocardial FFA metabolism using IHA. PMID- 3490372 TI - Features of positron emission tomography as a probe for myocardial chemistry. PMID- 3490373 TI - Radioiodinated free fatty acids; can we measure myocardial metabolism? AB - To investigate the feasibility of radioiodinated free fatty acids for 'metabolic imaging', the kinetics and distribution pattern of metabolites of 131I heptadecanoic acid were studied in canine myocardium throughout metabolic interventions. In control dogs and in dogs during glucose/insulin and sodium lactate infusion, biopsy specimens were taken during a 90-min period after 131I HDA administration and analyzed. Clearly distinct patterns of distribution and elimination were seen during the metabolic interventions, indicating the usefulness of iodinated fatty acids for metabolic studies. PMID- 3490374 TI - Dynamic 123I-HDA myocardial scintigraphy after aortocoronary bypass grafting. AB - In an attempt to evaluate the dynamics of fatty acid metabolism after aortocoronary bypass grafting (ACBG), ten patients were investigated after ACBG by 123I-HDA myocardial scintigraphy. Tracer kinetics were followed for 90 min and compared to those of 36 nongrafted patients with different underlying heart diseases, including healthy volunteers. Regional analysis and monoexponential curve fitting were used to evaluate t1/2 (half-life of the early period of tracer elimination); biexponential curve analysis was used to calculate Ca/Cb, the ratio of a fast and a slow component of tracer elimination. Rest and stress MUGA-RNV served as discriminating parameters to discern between patient groups with normal and abnormal ventricular function. Group I (normal controls) encompassed ten patients with normal ventricular function, including three after ACBG, and group II seven patients after ACBG and with abnormal ventricular function. Group III had coronary artery disease (CAD) documented by angiography, and group IV by prior myocardial infarction (MI). Group V included patients with cardiomyopathy (CMP). Regional analysis of group II revealed no significant differences to control regions (Gr I) for t1/2 or Ca/Cb, but showed for Ca/Cb a nonsignificant shift toward group III values. However, group II differed significantly from group III and V. Three patients with normal ventricular function after ACBG showed elimination values that were all well within the range of completely normal individuals. Thus our data support the assumption that a normal function is indicative of a normal metabolism. Following myocardial fatty acid metabolism during rest might be a helpful noninvasive tool for etiologic differentiation of disturbed ventricular function. PMID- 3490375 TI - Effect of myocardial perfusion and metabolic interventions on cardiac kinetics of phenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) I 123. AB - The effect of regional myocardial perfusion and flow-independent adrenergic stimulation, as well as lactate-mediated inhibition of cardiac lipolysis, on cardiac IPPA uptake and metabolism was examined in canine hearts (flow studies) and in the isolated perfused Langendorff rat heart (metabolic interventions). In both normal and ischaemic myocardium, local perfusion is a major determinant of cardiac IPPA uptake. In pacing-induced hyperaemia, the strict flow-dependence of cardiac IPPA uptake is not preserved. Adrenergic stimulation raises the rate of oxidation of both palmitic acid 14C and IPPA. This change is reflected by increased metabolite production released into the perfusate and radioactivity clearance recorded externally. Lactate in high concentrations exerts the opposite effect on cardiac free fatty acid oxidation. IPPA is stored in this condition preferentially in tissue phospholipids and triglycerides. PMID- 3490376 TI - New radioiodinated methyl-branched fatty acids for cardiac studies. AB - The effects of 3-methyl substitution on the heart retention and metabolism of 3 R,S-methyl-(BMIPP) and 3,3-dimethyl-(DMIPP) analogues of 15-(p-iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid (IPP) were studied in rats. Methyl substitution considerably increased the myocardial half-time values in fasted rats: IPP, 5-10 min; BMIPP, 30-45 min; DMIPP, 6-7 h. Because of the observed differences in the relative myocardial uptake and retention of these agents, an evaluation of the subcellular distribution profiles and the distribution of radioactivity within various lipid pools extracted from cell components was performed. Studies with DMIPP in food deprived rats have shown high levels of the free fatty acid and only slow conversion to triglycerides. These data are in contrast to the rapid clearance of the straight chain IPP analogue and rapid incorporation into triglycerides, and suggest that the prolonged myocardial retention observed with DMIPP in vivo may result from inhibition of beta oxidation. Subcellular distribution studies have shown predominant association of DMIPP and BMIPP with the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, while IPP was primarily found in the cytoplasm. Because of the unique "trapping" properties and the high heart:blood ratios, [123I]DMIPP should be useful for evaluation of aberrations in regional myocardial uptake. PMID- 3490377 TI - Structurally modified fatty acids: clinical potential as tracers of metabolism. AB - Recently 15-p-iodophenyl-beta-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMPPA) was proposed for use in myocardial scintigraphy, as a possible probe of metabolic processes other than beta-oxidation. In 19 patients (CAD/15, St.p. Mi/7; control 4) myocardial scintigraphy was carried out after i.v. I-123-BMPPA (2-4 mCi). Data were collected (LAO 45 degrees/14; anterior/5) for 100 min in the fasted patients. Organ to background (BG) ratios were calculated for the heart (H) and liver (L), and the elimination (E) behaviour was analyzed from BG (vena cava region) corrected time activity curves. In 10 patients plasma and urine were examined. By CHCl3/MeOH extraction of plasma samples (90 min after injection), both in water and in organic medium soluble catabolites were found. TLC fractionation showed that those were co-migrating, compared to standards, with bencoic acid, BMPPA and triglycerides. In the urine (0-2 h after injection, 4.1% dose) hippuric acid was found. The mean t-max of BMPPA occurred at 15 min in the heart and at 9 min in the liver (P less than 0.01), with H/BG and L/BG ratios of 1.8 and 2.1, respectively. The elimination of BMPPA was slower from the heart than from the liver (P less than 0.01). It was biexponential from the liver in all cases (means: t/2 I, 11.4 min; t/2 II, 92 min; t/2 I uncor., 38 min) with the size of phase I smaller than that of phase II (means: I/II, 0.57). From the heart BMPPA turnover was biexponential in 11 patients (means: t/2 I, 13.8 min; t/2 II, 187 min; t/2 I uncor., 65 min; I/II, 0.34), but monoexponential in 8 (means: t/2, 218 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490378 TI - Time course of metabolic findings in coronary occlusion and reperfusion and their role for assessing myocardial salvage. AB - The techniques currently used to assess myocardial infarction are limited in their ability to determine the amount of viable myocardium after a temporary ischemic event. Blood flow and segmental function may not necessarily demonstrate salvage, whereas metabolic parameters will determine cell survival. In an open chest dog model, short occlusion times of 20 min and subsequent reperfusion using C-11 palmitate as an index of fatty acid metabolism showed depression of fatty acid oxidation, which recovered after 3 hours of reperfusion, indicating the partial reversibility of the ischemic condition. In more extensive studies, using positron emission tomography (PET) and, as an indicator of glucose metabolism, fluoro-F-18-deoxyglucose (FDG); N-13 ammonia in addition to C-11 palmitate for the determination of blood flow; and ultrasonic crystals to measure shortening in the reperfused and control territories, the duration of occlusion was 3 h. Metabolic studies were repeated 24 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the ischemic injury. Reperfused viable myocardium exhibited residual glucose metabolism with FDG, whereas fatty acid oxidation remained impaired for a longer period. Gradual metabolic recovery during a 4-week period was associated with the prolonged recovery of regional function, whereas a lack of residual metabolic activity indicated that little change in function was likely to occur. Increased FDG uptake and impaired C-11 palmitate turnover are characteristic of reversibly injured tissue. Therefore, PET studies may offer a unique potential for the evaluation of therapeutic measures such as thrombolysis and early revascularization. PMID- 3490379 TI - Myocardial blood flow and glucose uptake after myocardial infarction. AB - Position emission tomography can picture the distribution of flow tracers as well as of metabolic substrates or analogs. Studies of the distribution of these tracers allow to infer information about regional myocardial clearance (flow X extraction) and substrate utilization. In a study of 32 patients after myocardial infarction, we have contrasted flow and substrate utilization to demonstrate ischemic but viable myocardium in the arterial territory of the infarct in a number of patients also specially after fibrinolytic reperfusion. Restoration of blood flow to the ischemic but viable myocardium through coronary bypass or dilatation improves flow from 56.3% to 84.2% of control and restores substrate utilization. In another group of 32 patients studied with the Strontium 82/Rubidium-82 generator, we have demonstrated perfusion changes both in the myocardial infarct area and at a distance. These changes predominate in patients with multiple vessel disease. Combined PET studies of flow and substrate utilization are new tools to study early intervention after myocardial infarction and to document the benefits of revascularization. PMID- 3490380 TI - Metabolism and blood flow as new markers of myocardial viability in the evolution of myocardial infarction. AB - Animal studies have shown that increased regional 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake as demonstrated by positron emission tomography (PET) in ischemic and reperfused myocardium reflects reversible tissue injury. Therefore, we studied patients with acute myocardial infarction to define the extent and severity of injury. Left ventricular segments with reduced blood flow and metabolism, as demonstrated by matching defects of flow and FDG uptake, revealed irreversible injury as evidenced by lack of functional recovery. In contrast, segments with reduced flow but maintained FDG uptake showed variable functional outcome with improvement of the average wall motion score. Thus, PET may be useful in identifying myocardium at risk which may benefit from therapeutic interventions. PMID- 3490381 TI - Studies of fatty acid metabolism with positron emission tomography in patients with cardiomyopathy. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) permits in vivo as well as noninvasive study of fatty acid metabolism. Parameters of 11C-palmitate kinetics relate to the oxidation of fatty acids, and palmitic acid uptake is impaired in patients with coronary disease and cardiomyopathy. Normal myocardium shows homogeneous fatty acid metabolism and can resort to alternate substrates. Diseased myocardium exhibits regional heterogeneity in fatty acid uptake and utilization. In patients with cardiomyopathy, distinct patterns of fatty acid metabolism can be observed following changes of substrate availability by application of an oral glucose load. This intervention also enhances the heterogeneity of 11C-palmitic acid (CPA) uptake and clearance. Thus, PET studies with CPA permit the noninvasive demonstration of effects on substrate availability and may help to characterize patients with ventricular dysfunction on the biochemical level. PMID- 3490382 TI - In vitro analysis of lymphocyte functions in common variable immunodeficiency: heterogeneity in B-cell defects. AB - Ten patients with common variable immunodeficiency were classified into three groups according to the number of circulating B-cells, i.e. B-cells being absent (three patients), very low (three patients) or within the normal range (four patients). The four patients in the last group showed significant proliferative responses to the T-independent B-cell mitogen, formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I. Further study of these patients by co-cultures with allogeneic T or B-cells in various combinations with pokeweed mitogen showed that two patients had an intrinsic B-cell defect without T-cell defect. The third patient had a T cell dysfunction (i.e. his T-cells could only help the B-cells of some individuals) resulting in a defect in Ig production. The T-cells of the fourth patient showed poor helper function towards all controls. All six patients with absent or very low numbers of B-cells in group I and II had normal T-cell helper function. This study demonstrates that the immunological defect in common variable immunodeficiency is most often a B-cell defect at different stages of their differentiation with sometimes an additional T-cell dysfunction. PMID- 3490384 TI - Immune serum from mice contact-sensitized with picryl chloride contains an antigen-specific T cell factor that transfers immediate cutaneous reactivity. AB - This report describes an activity in serum from mice that were contact-sensitized with picryl chloride (PCl) 1 to 4 days earlier. Immune serum, when given i.v., transfers the ability to elicit an immediate hypersensitivity-like ear swelling reaction in naive recipients following local challenge with PCl. This serum activity is due to an antigen-binding T cell factor that shares some properties with IgE antibody. The activity is antigen specific, and due to an antigen binding moiety that is heat labile (56 degrees C, 4 h). However, unlike IgE antibody the serum activity is resistant to reduction and alkylation, and is retained by columns of Sepharose beads coupled with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that react with antigen-specific T cell factors from other systems. These columns did not retain IgE antibody activity in our experiments. Importantly, the serum activity was not retained by columns linked with antibodies directed to mouse immunoglobulins, which do retain IgE activity. We conclude from these data that the activity in PCl immune serum is not caused by IgE antibody, and is due to the presence of the previously described antigen specific T cell factor (PCl-factor), that can activate serotonin-containing cells, such as mast cells, to release the vasoactive amine serotonin. PCl-factor transfers the ability to elicit an immediate hypersensitivity-like reaction that is an early component of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The presence of this T cell factor in the serum of actively sensitized mice provides a means to sensitize tissues throughout the body for this required, initial, serotonin dependent component of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 3490386 TI - Generation of bovine cytotoxic cell lines, specific for cells infected with the protozoan parasite Theileria parva and restricted by products of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - Cytotoxic cell lines specific for cells infected with the protozoan parasite Theileria parva were generated in vitro by repeated stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from immune animals with autologous parasitized cells from continuously growing cell lines. In PBMC of 5/7 immune animals tested, maximal levels of killing (80-100%) were obtained at effector to target ratios of 10/1 following 3 to 5 stimulations. No killing of uninfected lymphoblasts was observed. Cytotoxic activity was contained in the BoT4- lymphocyte population. The results of analyses of cytotoxicity on panels of target cells of diverse major histocompatibility (MHC) phenotypes indicated that the effectors were restricted by class I MHC antigens. Only autologous targets and allogenic targets sharing one or other bovine lymphocyte antigen A locus-encoded specificity with the cytotoxic cell line were killed. In addition, two of the three cytotoxic cell lines, when tested on targets infected with different parasite stocks, exhibited a high degree of specificity for the stock used for immunization and stimulation of the cultures. The capacity to generate highly cytotoxic, MHC-restricted effectors from peripheral blood was dependent on the immune status of the donor animals. This was confirmed by comparing cytotoxicity generated from the same animal before and after immunization using the same autologous infected cell line as a stimulator. These results indicate that these effector cells are analogous to the cytotoxic cells detected in vivo in cattle undergoing immunization or challenge with T. parva. PMID- 3490385 TI - Role of the major histocompatibility complex in targeting effector T cells into a site of virus infection. AB - Bone marrow radiation chimeras have been used as virus-infected, cyclophosphamide suppressed recipients to analyze the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction constraints on the adoptive transfer of lymphocytic choriomeningitis by immune T cells. The basic protocol employed [(A X B)F1----(A X C)F1] chimeras, where A, B, C are different MHC haplotypes, and the establishment of appropriate chimerism was measured by the capacity of, for instance, the transferred A, T cells to generate MHC-restricted, virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the spleen of the [(A X B)F1----(B X C)F1] recipients. The experiments show quite clearly that maximal inflammatory process is only induced when donor bone marrow, irradiated recipient and transferred T cells share at least one MHC haplotype. Compatibility of the T cells and the radiation-resistant phenotype alone in, for instance, transfer of C immune lymphocytes into [(A X B)F1----(B X C)F1] recipients produced little inflammation if the chimeras had been established for at least 10 weeks. These results are compatible with a model which proposes that the transferred T cells first replicate in MHC-compatible lymphoid tissue and are then targeted onto the appropriate MHC plus virus expressed on cells in the blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. An alternative postulate, that all that is required for the development of inflammatory process is MHC-restricted T cell replication in lymphoid tissue, with subsequent nonspecific localization to the central nervous system (CNS), was explored by transferring B, immune T cells into [(A X B)F1----A] recipients. The finding was that H-2b effectors did not cause any meningitis in [H-2kXb F1----H-2k] recipients, though potent H-2b-restricted CTL were generated in the spleens of comparable chimeras. However, in the H-2k immune----[H-2kXbF1----H-2b] transfer there was evidence of moderate inflammation that was about 9 times less severe than that caused by the H-2b effectors in comparable recipients. This indicates that, for maximal inflammatory process to occur, the T cells must encounter MHC-compatible, virus-infected cells in the CNS, with the effect being absolute in one strain combination and partial in another. Possible mechanisms underlying this divergence are discussed. PMID- 3490383 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic characterisation and quantitation of p aminobenzoic acid N-acetylation in Chinese subjects. AB - p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), p-acetamidobenzoic acid (PADB) and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) have been separated and determined by a reversed phase, isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure simultaneously. The mobile phase, at 1.5 ml min-1, used was 10 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, containing 40% methanol. The eluent was detected at 270 nm. Linear relationship was obtained from 0 to 2.0 micrograms ml-1 of each compound with the corresponding peak-height ratio using p-methylamino-benzoic acid (PMAB) as the internal standard. Urine samples were obtained from healthy Chinese volunteers after oral dosing of 200 mg PABA which was used as a model substance for metabolic investigation of N-acetylation and other conjugation reactions. The 24 hour urinary recovery, from 43 healthy subjects, of PABA, PABA-COOH conjugates, PADB and PADB-COOH conjugates were (mean +/- S.D.) 2.9 +/- 1.5%, 5.2 +/- 3.3%, 13.9 +/- 4.0% and 42.9 +/- 9.8% of the ingested dose respectively. These accounted for 64.9 +/- 12.0% of total dose ingested in 24 hour. In contrast to previously reported findings on one Caucasian subject, no PAH was identified in the urine, and N-acetylation was the major route of metabolism of PABA apart from conjugation at the -COOH group in this group of Chinese volunteers. It is proposed that PABA metabolism may be a useful probe to study ethnic and geographic variation in N-acetylation. PMID- 3490387 TI - Administration of recombinant interleukin 2 to mice enhances production of hemopoietic and natural killer cells. AB - Seven days of continuous perfusion of mice with human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) (approximately 3 X 10(4) U/day) increased the percentage of large mononuclear leukocytes (LML) among bone marrow, spleen, lymph node cells and liver interstitial cells (LIC). An increase in the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was evident in these organs. The greatest increase in the number of LML and in the LAK activity was observed among the liver interstitial cells (about 500-fold increase). The LML were nonphagocytic, Thy-1+, sIg-, Ly 2+, L3T4- and asialo Gm1+. Perfusion of athymic nude mice, or of thymectomized, irradiated radiation chimera, showed that the Thy-1+, LAK+ LML were the thymus and T lymphocyte-independent progeny of Thy-1- marrow precursors. The LML had no T cell function in a graft-vs.-host reactivity assay, neither did they have an inhibitory effect on T lymphocyte function in vivo. rIL 2 perfusion did not significantly affect the medullary hemopoiesis but did strongly enhance the extramedullary hemopoiesis, particularly within the interstice of the liver: the number of erythroid and myeloid cell was increased as well as the number of colony-forming units per spleen and colony-forming units per culture for various lineages (20-50-fold increment). These results show that in vivo, rIL 2 has a global enhancing effect on hemopoiesis together with a more selective influence on the production of LML. PMID- 3490388 TI - Induction of human interleukin 1 by bacterial and synthetic lipid A. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are well known inducers of interleukin 1 (IL 1). Here we show that synthetic heptaacyl Salmonella minnesota (compound 516) and synthetic E. coli type (compound 506) lipid A, as well as monodephospho part structures thereof, are able to induce IL 1 production in human mononuclear cells. The 4'-monodephospho part structure (compound 505) was found to be the most active IL 1 inducer as compared to compound 506 and the 1-monodephospho part structure (compound 504). Synthetic lipid A precursor Ia, lacking nonhydroxylated fatty acids (compound 406), and its 1- or 4'-monodephospho part structures (compounds 404 and 405) did not induce IL 1 production. IL 2 is not produced during stimulation with the synthetic compounds. IL 1 activity was partially heat labile and could be inhibited by a rabbit antiserum against human leukocytic pyrogen. These results show that the lipid A component of LPS is active in inducing IL 1 and that the presence of 3-acyloxyacyl residues is necessary for IL 1 induction. PMID- 3490389 TI - Distinct short-lived and long-lived antibody-producing cell populations. AB - This report analyzes the life span of Ig-containing cells (IgCC) in different sites of antibody production. The experimental approach was based upon the observations that most IgCC are derived from proliferating precursors while IgCC themselves are mainly nondividing end cells. Rats were given a continuous infusion of [3H] thymidine via an osmotic pump inserted in the peritoneal cavity. At intervals of 1, 3, 5 or 10 days after starting infusions, tissues were taken and analyzed by a combination of immunohistology and autoradiography to identify the proportions of IgCC which had gone through S phase of the cell cycle during the period of infusion. After 3 days infusion the median and (range) percent labeled IgCC in the medullary cords of mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes and the red pulp of the spleen were, respectively, 88 (81-90), 75 (66-77) and 88 (82 93). Conversely that for IgCC in bone marrow was only 13 (11-17) and that in the lamina propria of the jejunum 47 (33-68). The rate of increase in labeling of bone marrow IgCC with length of infusion was approximately linear. Extrapolation of this slope suggests that bone marrow IgCC have a life span in excess of 3 weeks. The slopes of increase in IgCC labeled with time for lymph nodes and spleen were clearly biphasic suggesting that while most IgCC in these tissues have a life span of less than 3 days, there is also a minor population of long lived IgCC. The lamina propria appears to have approximately equal proportions of long and short-lived IgCC. The life span of IgCC, with the exception of IgMCC, appears to be a feature of the site of antibody production rather than the Ig class produced. Almost all IgM-containing cells were found to be short lived. PMID- 3490390 TI - Functional heterogeneity of nonresting B cells in human blood. AB - Among human peripheral blood B cells we localized the precursors of two interleukin-dependent B cell activation processes: the specific response to a particulate antigen, trinitrophenylated polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) and the polyclonally induced response to pokeweed mitogen. In both cases the precursors belong to the OKB7+, sIgD-, mouse red blood cell- subpopulation. However, they differ when cell density, reflecting the stage of activation reached by B cells in peripheral blood, is considered. Only B cells of intermediate density respond to TNP-PAA, whereas the optimal response to pokeweed mitogen is obtained with the cells displaying the lower density. The lack of response of the more dense (resting) B cells to TNP-PAA suggests that the T dependency of this antigen is not based on linked recognition, and fits with our demonstration that this particulate antigen can trigger B cells in the presence of T cell factor. More importantly, our results show that nonresting B cells are functionally heterogeneous according to their degree of preactivation: the responsiveness to specific signals provided by a nonmitogenic hapten-carrier conjugate would be acquired before that to polyclonal activators. PMID- 3490391 TI - High affinity binding sites for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) are present in mouse brain. AB - The possible involvement of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) in the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) prompted us to search for and characterize [3H]MPP+ binding sites in the mouse. Our data show that [3H]MPP+ binds saturably and with high affinity to mouse brain membranes. Scatchard analysis resulted in one straight line. The apparent KD was 15 +/- 1 nM and the Bmax 245 +/- 30 fmol/mg protein. The distribution of [3H]MPP+ binding sites shows a regional variation: the hypothalamus having highest binding and the cerebellum the lowest. Several compounds failed to inhibit [3H]MPP+ binding whereas only analogues of MPP+, MPTP and paraquat were able to antagonize this binding to brain. Specific binding with analogous characteristics also occurs in peripheral tissues. Considering the postulated role of MPP+ in MPTP neurotoxicity, further studies on [3H]MPP+ binding sites might be relevant to elucidate the mechanisms of this toxicity. PMID- 3490392 TI - Extracellular matrix components influence DNA synthesis of rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - The effects of several extracellular matrix components (EMCs)--fibronectin (Fn), laminin (Ln), type I (C-I) and type IV (C-IV) collagen--on DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes in primary culture were examined by both quantitative scintillation spectrometry and autoradiography of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Hepatocytes cultured on Fn showed the most active DNA synthesis initiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) with decreasing levels of [3H]thymidine uptake exhibited in the cells cultured on C-IV, C-I, and Ln, respectively. The decreasing level of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes cultured on Fn, C-IV, C-I, and Ln respectively was not influenced by cell density. The number of EGF receptors of hepatocytes was also not influenced by EMCs. These data suggest that EMCs modify hepatocyte DNA synthesis by means of post-EGF-receptor mechanisms which are regulated by both growth factors and cell density. PMID- 3490393 TI - Pteridines are produced during interleukin 2-induced T-cell proliferation and modulate transmission of this signal. AB - Pteridine levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor+ T-cell populations have been determined by HPLC after iodine oxidation; neopterin was monitored in the culture supernatants by radio-immunoassay. Upon addition of IL-2, cellular levels of biopterin and 6-hydroxymethylpterin rise transiently from 0.02 to 0.9 pmol/10(6) cells, cellular levels of neopterin from 1.5 to 4.1 pmol/10(6) cells. They peak at 8 and 13 h, respectively, after exposure to IL-2. Neopterin is not accumulated in the culture supernatant. DNA synthesis in T cells begins 10-12 h after adding the lymphokine and the portion of cells that undergo S-phase transition gradually increases during the subsequent 10 h. Entry into DNA synthesis phase is markedly accelerated if IL-2 is supplied together with tetrahydrobiopterin (0.8-1.6 X 10( 6) M) and the kinetics of entry into the S-phase transition during the period of 6-20 h become linear. This indicates that tetrahydrobiopterin modulation of IL-2 activity (Ziegler, I. et al. Naturwiss 72 (1985) 330) is an early event occurring during IL-2 signal transmission. PMID- 3490394 TI - Human erythropoiesis in vitro and the source of burst-promoting activity in a serum-free system. AB - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) can markedly increase the number of size of erythropoietic bursts produced by mononuclear cells from human bone marrow and peripheral blood, and reduce the threshold amount of erythropoietin (Epo) required for initial burst formation. The purpose of this study was to determine a possible burst-promoting activity (BPA) of BSA. The experiments were performed in a miniaturized agar system, in which the addition of sheep Epo to cultures with or without BSA was delayed for five days. The results obtained have shown that, with or without BSA, Epo deprivation of up to five days (an epoprival state) did not markedly decrease the number of bursts produced by unfractionated peripheral mononuclear cells compared to the number produced in the presence of Epo from the beginning of culture. Similar results were found whether the fetal calf serum (FCS) concentration was 15% or 2%. The preservation of potential BFU-e formation during the epoprival state has therefore been attributed to the ability of T-lymphocytes and/or monocytes to supply BPA. In order to reduce the endogenous amount of BPA, a nonadherent, E-rosette-negative cell fraction was cultured in the presence of Epo, with or without BSA, in serum-free medium containing transferrin (TF). Under these conditions, an equal number of bursts was obtained in FCS and in serum-free medium containing Epo, BSA and TF, whereas no BFU-e growth was found in the presence of Epo and TF, but without BSA. If Epo was withheld for up to five days, the capacity to form erythroid colonies was still retained by the monocyte- and T-lymphocyte-depleted cell fraction in the continuous presence of BSA. However, BPA could not be detected in the BSA. This observation was further supported by experiments in serum-free medium using human recombinant Epo, in which no BFU-e colony formation could be detected in the presence of BSA. From our investigations carried out at limited cell density and in serum-free medium, it could be concluded that the crude Epo preparation was the source of BPA. PMID- 3490395 TI - Purified human transferrin and "transferrin" released from sorted T8+ lymphocytes suppress release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors from sorted T4+ lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. AB - Nonadherent, low-density E-rosette-positive human peripheral blood cells were separated into T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes by immuno-fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8. Both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes released granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF) in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Purified iron-saturated human transferrin (TF) suppressed release of GM-CSF only from the T4+ subset of lymphocytes. A TF-type inhibitory activity was released from the T8+ subset of lymphocytes alone, and this inhibitory activity, as well as that in purified TF, was inactivated by preincubation with antihuman TF monoclonal antibody (HT/1). These studies suggest that, at least in vitro, subsets of T-lymphocytes and TF may be involved in the regulation of myelopoiesis. PMID- 3490396 TI - Visual, vestibular and voluntary contributions to human head stabilization. AB - We have investigated the ability of humans to stabilize their heads in space and assessed the influence of mental set and the relative importance of visual and vestibular cues. Ten normal subjects and 3 patients with bilateral vestibular loss were studied. Subjects were fixed firmly to the chair of a turntable facing a screen on which was projected a target spot. A 'gunsight' spot generated by a small projector fixed to the head provided feedback of head position. Four conditions were studied (1) Gunsight (GU): subjects were instructed to stabilize the head in space by superimposing the 'gunsight' spot on the fixed target spot while chair position was displaced according to a random pattern with a bandwidth from 0-1 Hz. (2) Imagined gunsight (IGU): identical to condition 1 except that the subject was blindfolded and so had to imagine the target position. (3) Mental arithmetic (MA): subjects did mental arithmetic while the chair was displaced. (4) Visual tracking (VT): subjects were instructed to track the target spot with the 'gunsight' spot while the chair was fixed and the target spot driven to follow the chair displacement trajectory used in conditions 1, 2 and 3. In GU normal subjects stabilized their head position extremely well (mean HEAD/CHAIR gain = 0.81). Significant stabilization was present in IGU although the gain (mean gain = 0.61) was reduced compared to GU. There was very little stabilization in MA (mean gain = 0.12). In VT, subjects tracked the target with about the same gain (mean gain = 0.68) as in IGU. By comparison, the vestibular patients could not perform IGU, for which their performance (mean gain = 0.08) was similar to MA (mean gain = 0.06). In GU (mean gain = 0.54), their performance was attributable to visual tracking (mean gain in VT = 0.50). For the frequency bandwidth in which subjects were tested, the results show that: When subjects were distracted by mental arithmetic, the contribution to head stability of the short latency cervico-collic (CCR) and vestibulo-collic (VCR) reflexes is negligible. As expected, vision plays an important role in stabilizing the head. Equally important are long latency stabilizing mechanisms whose onset times (140 ms) are shorter, but still comparable to that of vision. The latter mechanisms are of vestibular origin and their influence is under voluntary control so as to permit augmenting head stability compared to what it would be if vision acted alone. PMID- 3490397 TI - Changes in lung function determined longitudinally compared with decline assessed cross-sectionally. The Cracow Study. AB - Longitudinal annual changes in lung function (FEV1) with cross-sectional estimates have been compared in the sample of Cracow inhabitants who underwent epidemiological follow-up on chronic nonspecific chest diseases. The annual rate of FEV1 decline was faster in men than in women. Among male smokers the FEV1 decline rate was 30% greater, while in women smokers 9% faster than in non smokers. The cross-sectional estimates for annual changes differed in both surveys carried out in the interval of 13 years and were not very much consistent with the average longitudinal annual decline observed in the sample. However, the prediction of annual decline across the age groups showed large inconsistencies. They resulted from the curvilinear pattern in lung function decline over the age groups. It was found that the lung function in the elderly appeared to be more homogeneous and the acceleration of decline rates slowed down. There is some evidence that the flattening of the decline curve among elderly might have been influenced by the selection bias. PMID- 3490399 TI - Purification of the enhancing factor from mouse intestines. AB - A unique polypeptide, called enhancing factor (EF), which enhances the binding of labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) to cells, has been isolated. It has been purified to homogeneity from the acid-soluble proteins of mouse intestines. Earlier, EF was partially purified by two cycles of gel-permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel columns. We now report the final purification of EF on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using a reverse-phase column (mu Bondapak C18). The purity of the protein was confirmed when a single peak was obtained in HPLC. Also, a single protein band was obtained in SDS-PAGE. Purified EF has the same properties in vitro as those reported earlier for partially purified EF. PMID- 3490398 TI - Epidemiology of childhood respiratory disease in Israel. AB - Second and fifth grade schoolchildren living within 19 km from a 1400 megawatt coal fired power plant are followed up. Their parents filled out an ATS-NHLI health questionnaire and they performed pulmonary function tests (PFT), which included: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF. The effects of socioeconomic background, smoking habits and pulmonary diseases in the families on the distribution of respiratory symptoms, respiratory diseases and PFT of the children were analysed. Higher FEV1/FVC, lower prevalence of respiratory diseases and excess respiratory symptoms were present among children from crowded homes. Mothers' smoking was found to be connected with significantly higher prevalence of bronchitis, non significant higher prevalence of asthma, significant lower FEV1/FVC and a trend of lower FEV1 and PEF among their children. House heating did not effect the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases of the children. Significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases was found among children, whose families reported about a history of pulmonary diseases, but no reduction of PFT parameters could be found among them. Mothers' contribution to respiratory symptoms and diseases of their children seems to be more significant than that of the children's fathers. Most respiratory symptoms were more common among children with a history of pneumonia in childhood, especially those who had pneumonia recently. PMID- 3490401 TI - Induction by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells. AB - The effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on induction of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells was examined. Purified G-CSF caused dose-dependent induction of phagocytic activity and lysozyme activity in M1 cells. Its half-maximally effective concentration was 10 ng/ml. On treatment of M1 cells with G-CSF (100 ng/ml) for 4 days, 30-50% of the cells differentiated morphologically into macrophage cells; 30-40% of the cells were blast cells and 20-30% of the cells were forms intermediate between blastic cells and mature macrophages. PMID- 3490400 TI - An examination of the ability of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to induce calcium release and tension development in skinned skeletal muscle fibres of frog and crustacea. AB - We have examined the ability of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) to cause contractions of mechanically skinned muscle fibres of frog and barnacle. InsP3 (10-500 microM) did not cause any tension development in 25 frog skinned fibres and 26 barnacle myofibrillar bundles, although contractions could be readily evoked by caffeine and by replacement of an impermeant anion by Cl-, treatments known to release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Four barnacle bundles did give responses to InsP3. InsP3 did not modify responses to caffeine or calcium-induced calcium release. Free Mg2+ was lowered to 40 microM and 15 mM D-2,3-diphosphoglycerate was added in order to inhibit the possible breakdown of InsP3 by inositol trisphosphatase. Neither measure revealed a response to InsP3. Arsenazo III absorbance measurements failed to detect any binding of Mg2+ (0-0.5 mM) by 0.35 mM InsP3 in our solutions. Inhibitors of SR calcium uptake (cadium, quercetin, furosemide), omission of EGTA from the solution and varying the temperature from 4 degrees to 22 degrees C also failed to reveal a response of frog skinned fibres to InsP3. The nucleotide GTP, which has been reported to enhance InsP3-induced calcium release from rat liver microsomes, had no effect at 50 microM on the response of frog fibres to InsP3. It is concluded that under conditions in which other calcium release mechanisms operate well, InsP3 is relatively ineffective at releasing calcium from the SR in amounts sufficient to induce contraction. Although we have been unable to find evidence to support the proposed role of InsP3 as an essential link in excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle, we cannot entirely reject its role if essential cofactors are lost in the skinned preparations. PMID- 3490402 TI - Conformational changes in C1q upon binding to IgG oligomers. AB - The interaction between C1q and immune complexes is inhibited by 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) in the concentration range of 2-4 mM. ANS binds to Clq with a 20-fold higher affinity than to IgG [(1986) Mol. Immunol. 23, 39-44] and therefore it is possible to label only C1q with ANS in the presence of IgG. Under such conditions no inhibition is observed. Addition of monomer IgG to a solution of C1q-bound ANS did not significantly alter the fluorescence of the ANS. However when oligomeric IgG was added there was a 2-fold increase in fluorescence over the same IgG concentration range. When C1q was pretreated with diethylpyrocarbonate there was little change in the fluorescence when IgG oligomers were added to C1q:ANS solutions. These results suggest that C1q undergoes conformational changes upon binding to IgG oligomers. PMID- 3490403 TI - Evidence that a nicked C4b, C4b', is a functionally active C4b derivative. AB - Factor I-catalyzed C4b cleavage is a regulatory reaction for the classical pathway of the complement system. Although the reaction was shown to be a two step reaction, production of a nicked form of C4b, C4b', as an intermediate cleavage product and subsequent splitting of C4b' into C4c and C4d, it is not known which of the two steps represents the inactivation of the C4b function in the assembly of C3 convertase, C4b,2a. We have purified C4b' and assessed the ability of C4b' to assemble C3 convertase with C2 by utilizing size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. Evidence was obtained demonstrating that C4b' still retains the function of C4b to assemble C3 convertase. Thus, the substantial step for the inactivation of the C4b function appears to be the second cleavage reaction, that is, the cleavage of C4b' into C4c and C4d. PMID- 3490404 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the hypothalamus is affected differently by drinking saline and by dehydration. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) stimulates the synthesis and release of adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary and may help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. 'Salt-loaded' rats had an increase in CRF mRNA in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and a decrease in message in the parvocellular paraventricular neurons. After salt-loaded rats were adrenalectomized, CRF mRNA increased in the parvocellular cells. In contrast to salt loading, water deprivation lead to a decrease in CRF mRNA in magnocellular and parvocellular neurons. These results show that CRF synthesis within separate populations of hypothalamic neurons is regulated differently under various conditions. PMID- 3490405 TI - Early rise of cytosolic Ca2+ induced by NGF in PC12 and chromaffin cells. AB - A rise of cytosolic Ca2+ is induced by NGF in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 and bovine chromaffin cells investigated (both in suspension and while attached to polyornithine-coated glass slides) by fluorescence techniques (with quin-2 and fura-2). The effect of NGF on [Ca2+]i is delayed (30-40 s of lag phase), slow (t1/2 = 40 s), relatively small (+50-75%) and persistent (over 10 min). It is due to Ca2+ influx (requires extracellular Ca2+ greater than 10 microM) through a pathway different from the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel, possibly accompanied by intracellular Ca2+ redistribution, and might play a messenger role in NGF action. PMID- 3490406 TI - [Release of factors regulating antibody formation by mouse splenocytes and thymocytes]. PMID- 3490407 TI - [Amylase secretion by isolated pancreatic tissue of the rat]. PMID- 3490408 TI - In vitro culture of frog peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 3490409 TI - Serum trypsin inhibitory activity and alpha-1-antitrypsin level in liver diseases. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin level and serum trypsin inhibitory activity were measured in patients with viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The most pronounced discrepancy between these two parameters were observed in patients with liver cirrhosis: the increase of alpha-1-At level was not accompanied by adequate increase of trypsin inhibitory activity. Some mechanisms potentially responsible for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 3490410 TI - Binding of antibodies to dsDNA by UVB irradiated spermatozoa in vitro. PMID- 3490411 TI - The development of lymphocytes with T- or B-membrane determinants in the lizard embryo. AB - To study the ontogeny of lymphocytes in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus antisera were raised in rabbits against thymocytes collected from adult lizards (AATS) or from embryos of stages 40 and 41 (AETS), and against serum immunoglobulins (AGGS). AATS recognized in adult lizards a surface membrane antigenic system (TA) specific to thymocytes and thymus-derived (T-) cells in spleen, and a distinct antigenic entity (Tt) found exclusively on intrathymic lymphocytes. After exhaustive absorption with adult thymocytes, AETS defined a further antigen (TE). On the other hand, AGGS combined with the immunoglobulin (Ig) determinants present in the cytoplasm and surface membrane of lizard presumptive B lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence assays during the development of the T and B lineage showed that TA+ and Tt+ thymocytes increased from 35% at stage 37 to 96% at stage 41, and were exported precociously to the embryonic splenic environment. Embryonic thymocytes were shown to totally lack surface Ig, whereas 40-50% of splenocytes carried cytoplasmic and/or surface membrane Ig determinants. The data revealed further the presence of a subset of splenocytes bearing the specific markers of both T and B cells. PMID- 3490412 TI - Prostaglandin modulation of the postnatal development of T and B lymphocytes in the spleens of newborn mice. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on postnatal development of the T and B cells in the spleen were studied to investigate the relationship between in vivo PG concentration and immunological development of peripheral lymph organs after birth. The development of the T and B cells were suppressed by the PGE2 injection, while augmented by the indomethacin injection. Especially in the T cells, cellular immigration from the thymus to the spleen was suppressed by the PG injection. Therefore, in vivo PG concentration in postnatal period might have some affect on the development of peripheral lymph organs, and the cellular traffic from central to peripheral lymph organs. PMID- 3490413 TI - An epidermal factor which induces thyroid hormone-dependent regression of mesenchymal tissues of the tadpole tail. AB - Explants of tadpole tail skin secreted a factor which induces the thyroid hormone dependent regression of the tail mesenchyme. The activity of the factor was not sensitive to digestion with trypsin or pronase. Heating at 120 degrees C but not at 100 degrees C for 20 min destroyed the activity. The factor came out gradually through a dialysis membrane. The factor was retarded on a Sephadex G-10 column and eluted with water after the salts fraction. We suggest that the active principle is a non-proteinaceous substance with a low molecular weight. PMID- 3490414 TI - Colonic varices. Report of an unusual case diagnosed by radionuclide scanning, with review of the literature. AB - We report a patient who developed recurrent massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding after successful obliteration of esophageal varices by sclerotherapy. A radionuclide study was very helpful in establishing diagnosis of the lesion responsible, a varix in the cecal area. Bleeding subsided after creation of a portacaval anastomosis. The literature pertaining to colonic varices is reviewed. PMID- 3490415 TI - Intracolonic sucralfate suspension for postpolypectomy hemorrhage. PMID- 3490416 TI - [Value of the studies of blast cells of the blood and bone marrow using complex cytochemical, immunologic and biochemical methods in the diagnosis of the variants and subvariants of acute leukemia]. PMID- 3490417 TI - Metamorphic rate in Rana pipiens larvae treated with thyroxine or prolactin at different times in the light/dark cycle. AB - Premetamorphic Rana pipiens tadpoles at Stages V to VIII on a 12L/12D cycle with photoperiod from 0800 to 2000 hr were treated with 30 micrograms/liter thyroxine (T4) by immersion for various daily 8-hr spans, or by daily intraperitoneal injection at different times with 0.1 to 10 micrograms T4 or 10 micrograms prolactin (PRL), in order to see if the rate of metamorphosis varied with the time of hormone treatment. T4 was most effective in promoting tail resorption and hindlimb growth and development if tadpoles were immersed at least partly in the light or if the hormone was injected late in the dark or in the early or mid light phase. T4 was least effective in accelerating metamorphosis when immersion was totally in the dark or injection early in the dark. PRL antagonized metamorphosis just as well at any time of the day except that tail fin growth was faster when PRL was administered early in the dark. The findings show circadian variations in target tissue responsiveness to exogenous T4 that depend on the occurrence of light during T4 immersion or following T4 injection. The data suggest rhythmicity in the secretion of endogenous T4 in the tadpole and a diurnal effect on T4 utilization by target cells. PMID- 3490418 TI - The ecology of rape victimization: a case study of Buffalo, New York. AB - Official crime report data gathered from the Buffalo Police Department for the year 1975 were used to analyze variations in risk of rape victimization. The ecological structuring of routine activities and the victimogenic factors possessed by rape victims were examined to account for observed differences in risk. The results showed that rape victimization is associated with the routine activities of victims in that women who are highly mobile (working women, students, and younger women in general) are at a much greater risk than women who are less mobile. The risk of rape varies with respect to location within the city, and nonwhite females are victimized more than their white female counterparts. Differential risk of rape victimization was accounted for by the routine activities of victims. Rape victimization requires the convergence in space and time of likely offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians for preventing rape. PMID- 3490419 TI - [Do thrombolytic agents prevent postphlebitis thromboembolism?]. PMID- 3490420 TI - [Pharmacological studies on proglumetacin maleate, a new non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug. (2). Analgesic and antipyretic effects]. AB - Analgesic and antipyretic effects of proglumetacin maleate (PGM), a new indomethacin (IND) derivative, were investigated in comparison with those of IND on an equimolar-dose basis. The suppression of phenylquinone-induced writhing in mice by PGM was about 0.8 and 2 times as potent as that by IND when given 1 and 4 hr before the phenylquinone injection, respectively. The analgesic activity of PGM in rat silver nitrate arthritis was about 1.5 times more potent than that of IND. PGM was slightly less active in rat adjuvant arthritic pain than IND. On the other hand, PGM provoked a dose-dependent antipyretic effect on the yeast-induced fever in rats within the dose range without affecting the normal body temperature. Furthermore, PGM showed a significant antipyretic effect on LPS febrile rabbits. Generally, the antipyretic effect of PGM was moderate as compared with that of IND. These analgesic and antipyretic actions of orally administered PGM may be mainly due to its active metabolite, IND. The above results indicate that PGM may be useful for inflammatory diseases associated with pain and/or fever. PMID- 3490422 TI - [Incidence of injuries caused by windshields following implementation of the 1984 seat belt law]. PMID- 3490421 TI - Antiprotozoal effects of some hydrazones. AB - Antiprotozoal effects of hydrazones derived from compounds with 1 to 4 carbon atoms were studied on the model organism Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from a female patient with acute urogenital trichomoniasis. PMID- 3490423 TI - A cytological analysis of FMC-7 positive leukaemias. AB - The subdivision of the B lymphoid leukaemias by conventional techniques is subjective and poorly reproducible, with a range of cytological diagnoses available for cases which are not typical examples of chronic lymphatic leukaemia or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The monoclonal antibody FMC-7 recognizes a determinant on a subpopulation of B lymphoid cell and stains follicular B cells. Routiune FACS analysis of chronic lymphoid leukaemias with a panel of monoclonal antibodies identified a subset of lymphoproliferative disorders (20 of 88) which were FMC-7 positive. a careful 'blind' cytological assessment of this subset gave some support for the suggestion that they were examples of lymphoproliferative disease of follicular origin. Eight cases, however, were considered cytologically typical of CLL. The wider application of this antibody, particularly in sequential studies over a longer time scale may improve objectivity in the classification of this group of diseases. PMID- 3490424 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity displayed by T-non Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-NHL) cells dispersed from diagnostic lymph node biopsies. AB - In this communication we present the results of the study of the surface antigen expression of cells dispersed from 19 fresh lymph node biopsies. All cases subsequently received a histological diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma (T-NHL). The monoclonal antibody (Mab) panel employed for surface staining of viable cells contained reagents reactive with the sheep red blood cell receptor (OKT11) and T3 receptor associated determinants (UCHT1, OKT3) and a range of surface antigens found on subsets of T-cells. These antibodies are characterized according to their CD group as allocated by the First and Second Monoclonal Antibody Workshops. Cells were also stained with Mabs reactive with MHC class II subregion products. All 19 cases displayed marked heterogeneity for both pan-T-cell and T subset antigens. An observation which is significant in terms of the routine diagnosis of T-NHL and with regard to the rational classification of node-based tumours of T-cell origin. Unlike resting peripheral blood T-cells, MHC class II subregion products were expressed on most of the cases examined though Tu22, directed towards a monomorphic determinant of HLA-DQ, stained fewer cells than other antibodies. Aberrant expression of MHC class II on lymphoma cells may reflect the activation of the tumour population. PMID- 3490425 TI - 8q24.12 Interstitial deletion in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I. AB - In the present report we present the first example of a small interstitial 8q24.12 deletion in a patient with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I. PMID- 3490426 TI - Deletion 14q(q24.3 to q32.1) syndrome: significance of peculiar facial appearance in its diagnosis, and deletion mapping of Pi(alpha 1-antitrypsin). AB - A 10-month-old Japanese boy who had interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome No. 14; 46,XY, del(14)(pter----q24.3: :q32.1----qter) is reported. A peculiar facial appearance, including round face, frontal hypertrichosis with thick eyebrows, horizontal narrow palpebral fissures, a short bulbous nose with a flat nasal root, and mild micrognathia, appeared to be common with the two previously reported cases. We stress the significance of this peculiar facial appearance in the diagnosis of 14q-(q24.3 to q32.1) syndrome. The level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the patient was only about half of that of his parents and controls, and the Pi locus was tentatively assigned to band 14q32.1. PMID- 3490427 TI - Immunoblot analysis of antigens associated with Haemophilus ducreyi using serum from immunised rabbits. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting were used to characterise isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi. Isolates of H ducreyi were heterogeneous in protein composition, but isolates from single outbreaks appeared similar both in protein profiles and antigenic analysis. Rabbits immunised with H ducreyi responded with a vigorous humoral immune response in which multiple antigenic polypeptides were detected. The most prominent antigens had molecular masses of 67, 42, 22.5, and 20 kilodaltons. PMID- 3490428 TI - A review of the practical concepts and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders in the dental office. PMID- 3490430 TI - Glutathione augments the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. AB - The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo was found to be augmented by glutathione if injected i.p. in the late phase but not in the early phase of the response. The effect of glutathione possibly resembles the augmenting effect of 2-mercaptoethanol in lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 3490429 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to allo-H-2 antigens in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras histocompatible at the H-2 subregions. AB - The present study was performed to determine whether H-2 matching is required for full cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to allo-H-2 antigens in allogeneic bone marrow chimeric mice. A number of irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted chimeras constructed from various combinations of marrow cells from B10 H-2 recombinant strains and AKR recipient mice were prepared. Spleen cells obtained from such chimeras and normal control mice were activated in vitro by culturing them with irradiated stimulator cells. It was shown that spleen cells from [4R--- AKR], [(4R X 3R)F1----AKR] or [AQR----AKR] chimeras, which were histocompatible on the left hand-side of the H-21 subregion between donor and recipient mice, generated greater CTL activities than those that were seen with spleen cells of [3R----AKR] or [5R----AKR] chimeras, which were histoincompatible in this region. We were unable to demonstrate suppressor cell activity of the spleen cells of [3R ---AKR] chimeras cultured with stimulator cells. Although spleen cells from [3R-- -AKR] chimeras showed substantial proliferative responses to stimulator cells (MLR) and to Con A and LPS, IL2 activities of supernatants from Con A-activated spleen cells (Con A SN) of the chimeras were significantly lower than those of [4R----AKR] or [(4R X 3R)F1----AKR] chimeras. Furthermore, vigorous CTL activities were obtained with either spleen cells or thymocytes from [3R----AKR] chimeras when rat Con A SN was added to the MLR cultures. These observations suggest that the numbers of precursor CTLs in the cells from [3R----AKR] chimeras are at the same level as those of [(4R X 3R)F1----AKR] or normal mice and that the low CTL activities generated by spleen cells of [3R----AKR] chimeras compared to H-2I-matched chimeras are due in large measure to deficiency in IL2 production by the splenic T cells of the [3R----AKR] chimeras. PMID- 3490431 TI - Exogenous IL2 partially reverts CML non-reactivity acquired during prophylactic immunosuppression with cyclosporin A of human allograft recipients. AB - Proliferative and cytolytic lymphocyte responses and the influence of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL2) on cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) reactivity were evaluated in 12 allograft recipients. Responses were induced by mitogenic lectins or by donor and third-party cells. Patients were tested immediately before transplantation (Tx) and one and three months after grafting. Prophylactic immunosuppression consisted of Cyclosporin A (CyA) and low-dose prednisone (P). Analysis of post transplant cells revealed a reduced overall proliferative T cell responsiveness induced by both alloantigens and mitogenic lectins. No evidence for donor-specific reduction of MLC responses was seen. Overall CML reactivity of post-Tx lymphocytes was also impaired. This was accompanied by donor-specific CML non-reactivity in six of seven patients with quiescent grafts. In these patients, the cytolytic potential against donor cells could be restored when maximal T cell help via exogenous IL2 was provided. PMID- 3490432 TI - Modulation in vivo of Lyt 2 antigen expression on T cells by anti-Lyt 2 antibody: effects on Con A-induced unresponsiveness. AB - After a series of intraperitoneal injections of rat monoclonal anti-Lyt 2 antibody supernatant, BDF1 mice showed a loss of cells bearing Lyt 2 surface antigens but no reduction in the numbers of T cells in the spleen. With overnight culture in vitro, splenic T cells from anti-Lyt 2-treated mice regenerated surface Lyt 2, with the proportion of Lyt 2+ cells returning to control levels. Anti-rat IgG antibody was found in the serum of mice that had received the anti Lyt 2 treatments. Modulation of the surface Lyt 2 antigens was demonstrable in vitro but only in the presence of mouse anti-rat IgG antibody. Functionally, this series of in vivo anti-Lyt 2 antibody treatments substantially reversed Con A induced suppression of the anti-sheep red blood cell antibody response. PMID- 3490433 TI - The roles of interleukins in the synergistic effect of B-cell mitogens with concanavalin A on hydrocortisone-resistant thymic cell proliferation. AB - Investigations were made to determine the roles of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-2 in the synergistic enhancement of DNA synthesis by concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or butanol-extracted water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) from Bacterionema matruchotii in cultures of thymic cells taken from hydrocortisone (HC)-treated C3H/HeN (LPS-responsive) and C3H/HeJ (LPS-non responsive) mice. When the C3H/HeNCrj cells were cultured in the presence of Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA together, [3H]thymidine [( 3H]TdR) uptake of the cells was enhanced synergistically in comparison with those cultured with either one of the mitogens alone. The synergistic effect on thymic cells was dependent on Ia positive accessory cells, since a previous treatment of the cells with anti-Iak serum and complement inhibited the response, and the inhibition could be relieved by the addition of either purified peritoneal exudate macrophages (Mo) or splenic B lymphocytes. The co-stimulation of cells with Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA also enhanced their production and release of thymic cell growth factor(s) into the culture medium. The amounts of IL-1 and IL-2 in the culture supernatants were sufficiently high to explain the activities of the growth factor(s). On the other hand, enhanced IL-2 production without significant increase in IL-1 was seen in the co-cultures of anti-Ia+ cell deprived thymic cells and purified splenic B cells prepared from C3H/HeNCrj mice in the presence of Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA, and it was seen in the cultures of C3H/HeJ thymic cells with Con A and LPS. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA on the proliferative response of HC-treated thymic cells is mainly due to the enhanced production of IL-2 and its action to increase cell growth, and there are two pathways by which the enhancement of IL-2 production by Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA can occur: an IL-1-dependent pathway, or an IL-1-independent one. PMID- 3490434 TI - Differing role of dendritic cells and macrophages in the induction of delayed type hypersensitivity responses to PPD. AB - In order to study the antigen-presenting cell (APC) requirements for the priming of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), murine spleen cells were fractionated on bovine serum albumin gradients, pulsed in vitro with tuberculin, and then injected subcutaneously into normal mice. The other footpad was challenged with tuberculin between 24 hr and 7 days later and swelling was measured 2 hr and 18 24 hr after challenge. Optimum priming for 2-hr and 24-hr responses at 7 days was achieved by an injection of 5 X 10(5) tuberculin-pulsed intermediate-density Fc + ve cells. Time-course studies revealed that the 2-hr component could be elicited as early as 24 hr after injection of pulsed APC, while the 24-hr component became significant at 3 days. Elimination of T cells or B cells did not affect the response. Injection of pulsed APC into allogeneic mice primed the 2-hr but not the 24-hr component. Neither pulsed high-density cells (mostly T cells) nor pulsed dendritic cells (DC) primed mice for these responses. Failure to elicit DTH after injection of tuberculin-pulsed DC was due to their failure to prime the 2-hr component, which other authors have shown to be a prerequisite for the appearance of the later components. That DC did prime the MHC-restricted 24-hr component was demonstrated by protocols involving the use of both macrophages and DC as APC. PMID- 3490437 TI - Interleukin-1-like activity in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from patients undergoing myelography, who were subsequently diagnosed as having degenerative neck or back disease with no significant CNS inflammation. Using a mitogen co-stimulation assay with mouse thymocytes, or interleukin-1 (IL1) dependent interleukin-2 (IL2) secreting tumour cell line, these CSF samples were shown to contain an IL1-like activity, with predominant activity located in molecules with size 15 kDa and 30 kDa (Sephadex size chromatography). The results are discussed in light of data implicating a role for IL1 in other physiological functions. PMID- 3490435 TI - Characteristics of murine non-specific killer cells induced in vivo by recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - We have examined the induction of murine non-specific killer cells in vivo and in vitro by purified recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and compared their characteristics with respect to killing ability, cell surface phenotypes, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). C57BL/6 spleen cells cultured with rIL-2 were remarkably cytotoxic against a variety of tumour cells in a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay. Treatment with various antibodies (anti-Thy 1, anti Lyt 1, anti-Lyt 2, and anti-asialo GM1) plus complement (C) showed that anti-Thy 1 or anti-asialo GM1 antibody plus C removed a majority of killer activity (80% and 66%, respectively). In addition, an increase in ADCC was detected in the spleen cells cultured with rIL-2. These ADCC effector cells were indistinguishable from non-specific killer cells by the cell surface phenotypes. A single administration of rIL-2 in vivo induced only transient and marginal enhancement of non-specific killer activity of spleen cells in C57BL/6 mice. On the other hand, when 10 micrograms of rIL-2 were administered daily by bolus to C57BL/6 mice, the activity increased gradually for about 10 days and reached a plateau. This enhanced non-specific killer activity rapidly decreased and returned to normal by 72 hr after the administration was stopped. The non specific killer cells induced in vivo in this manner were not only greatly cytotoxic against natural killer (NK)-sensitive tumour cells but were also significantly cytotoxic against NK-resistant tumour cells. Most of the killer activity (more than 90%) was specifically removed by treatment with anti-Thy 1 or anti-asialo GM1 antibody plus C. An increase in ADCC was detected concurrently with an increase in non-specific killer activity in vivo, and both effector cells were indistinguishable by their cell surface phenotypes. These results indicate that a majority of non-specific killer cells induced both in vivo and in vitro by rIL-2 have some common features. Our results also suggest that these cells belong to the same lineage as NK cells, although they are thought to be at different stages from resident NK cells. PMID- 3490436 TI - Immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus in a murine experimental model: effective thymus-independent primary and secondary reaction. AB - The immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was studied in a murine model. In untreated control mice, the inoculation of 10,000 suckling mouse 50% lethal doses of Ol Campos FMDV i.p. was followed by a burst of viraemia that disappeared in less than 4 days, i.e. when the neutralizing antibodies (NAb) reached titres above one neutralizing unit. In mice treated with cyclophosphamide, the curves of viraemia and NAb were significantly delayed. Nu/nu mice injected with FMDV had curves of viraemia and NAb identical to those of their nu/t littermates. We then studied the secondary (memory) immune reaction in the same model. In order to investigate which preimmunized cells participate in the elimination of actively replicating FMDV, mice were irradiated, then infected with FMDV, and 24 hr later repopulated with cells obtained from either donor mice that had been previously immunized by infection with live virus, or non-infected controls. The transfer of control (non-immunized) lymphoid cells was unable to eliminate the viraemia in recipient animals at times significantly different from those observed with irradiated recipients receiving no cells, while repopulation of recipients with 10(8) immune lymphoid cells (obtained from pooled thymus, blood, peritoneal exudate, spleen and lymph nodes of preinfected donor mice) led to undetectable titres of viraemia at Day 5 post-infection (p.i.). High doses of thymus cells were totally inactive, while a few as 10(7) donor spleen cells were able to abort viraemia at 6 days p.i. When enriched preparations of B or T spleen cells were adoptively transferred, only B cells were able to abort viraemia in irradiated recipients. It is concluded that, in the murine model of FMDV infection, B cells are mainly responsible for primary response and short-term immunological memory. In both cases the protective immune reaction is T-independent. PMID- 3490438 TI - Some murine thymic lymphocytes can form gap junctions. AB - Analysis of thymic lymphocytes isolated from weanling mice has revealed a minority population able to form permeable, intercellular (gap) junctions. This population is largest in mice aged between 3 and 6 weeks, much smaller in fetal and new-born mice and undetectable in mice aged 12 weeks or more. Fractionation of the thymocytes on Percoll gradients or with peanut agglutinin (PNA) shows the cells able to form junctions are enriched in lower density fractions and agglutinated by PNA, suggesting they are among the most immature. Fractionation by complement mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) and by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using monoclonal antibodies to specific cell surface determinants shows the junction forming cells are Lyt-1+/Lyt-2- and that the phenotype is associated with both high and low Thy-1 and H-2K epitope densities. PMID- 3490439 TI - Brain corticotropin releasing factor in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin were measured in major brain regions including the neurohypophysis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) during development of hypertension. The highest concentration of corticotropin releasing factor was found in the hypothalamus in both strains. Corticotropin releasing factor was decreased in most major brain regions of SHR. In the hypothalamus, corticotropin releasing factor was lower in 3- and 6-week-old SHR than in age-matched WKY (p less than 0.01), but was similar at 12 and 24 weeks of age. The content of corticotropin releasing factor did not differ in the neurohypophysis in 3-week-old rats but began to decrease at 6 weeks of age (p less than 0.01) and continued to decrease during the development of hypertension (p less than 0.01). Brain vasopressin concentration did not differ between SHR and WKY except in the hypothalamus. The level of hypothalamic vasopressin was consistently lower in SHR than in WKY (p less than 0.01). These peptides are thought to be associated with autonomic nervous regulation, and our results may further strengthen the possibility that the deficit of the peptides may be involved in the development of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 3490441 TI - Strong mitogenic effect for murine B lymphocytes of an immunosuppressor substance released by Streptococcus intermedius. AB - A noncytotoxic protein substance, produced by Streptococcus intermedius, with very potent immunosuppressive properties (F3'EP-Si) was tested for lymphocyte mitogenic activity. Although devoid of T-cell mitogenicity, F3'EP-Si stimulated proliferation and led to high numbers of plaque-forming cells in cultures of normal or T-cell-depleted, small or large splenic B cells from both lipopolysaccharide-responding and -nonresponding mice. The B-cell mitogenic activity of F3'EP-Si was quantitatively comparable to that of lipopolysaccharide, and the simultaneous exposure to both mitogens stimulated additive B-cell responses. Injection of F3'EP-Si into normal mice resulted in increased numbers of spleen cells, higher rates of mitotic activity, and very large numbers of plaque-forming cells, predominantly of the immunoglobulin G2a and -b isotypes. In preliminary experiments, the analysis of surface markers among the lymphocytes participating in the blastogenic response in vivo revealed a T-cell component in the response to F3'EP-Si. These observations are discussed in the context of the immunosuppressive activity of this and other microbial substances. PMID- 3490440 TI - Suppression of interleukin-2 production by macrophages in genetically susceptible mice infected with Leishmania major. AB - Spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with 2 X 10(7) L. major promastigotes and developing progressive disease produced significantly lower levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in response to concanavalin A stimulation than did spleen cells from uninfected mice. In contrast, spleen cells from sublethally irradiated and infected mice, which were able to contain lesion development, produced significantly higher levels of IL-2. The increase in IL-2 production closely paralleled lesion regression. Mice protectively immunized by four intravenous injections with lethally irradiated promastigotes also produced enhanced levels of IL-2, which were sustained after challenge infection. In contrast, spleen cells from BALB/c mice given four s.c. injections of irradiated promastigotes produced high levels of IL-2 before but not after infection. These mice eventually produced levels of IL-2 indistinguishable from those of unimmunized mice with progressive disease. There is thus an inverse relation between disease progression and the ability of spleen cells to produce IL-2. Spleen cells from mice with uncontrolled disease not only produced lower levels of IL-2 but also impaired IL-2 production by normal spleen cells. The ability to inhibit IL-2 was abrogated by passing the cells through a Sephadex G-10 column, removal of plastic adherent cells, and removal of carbonyl iron-ingesting cells. Furthermore, Sephadex G-10 column-treated and plastic adherent, nonspecific esterase-positive spleen cells from mice with progressive disease were able to suppress IL-2 production by normal splenic T cells. The suppressive activity of the adherent cells was not affected by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. In contrast, adherent spleen cells from uninfected mice were devoid of such suppressor activity. The depressed IL-2 production by spleen cells from progressively infected mice could be restored to that of normal spleen cells by the addition of indomethacin to the culture. There was however, no correlation between IL-2 production and IL-1 activity in infected or immunized BALB/c mice. Thus, it appears that the suppression of IL-2 production is mediated by prostaglandins elaborated by macrophages from chronically infected mice. PMID- 3490444 TI - Principles of clinical investigation of surgical patients. PMID- 3490443 TI - Lung function and rhizopus antibodies in wood trimmers. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. AB - Pulmonary function was studied in 66 wood trimmers exposed to organic dust (moulds) after a month of no exposure (summer vacation) and then three and 27 months later, and also during a working week. The results of forced expirometry and single breath nitrogen washout were compared with those obtained in local controls and in larger reference materials. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) were reduced by an average of 0.4 and 0.31, respectively, after one month of no exposure, however, the nitrogen washout variables showed no clear changes. Repeated measurements three months later on a Monday morning after two days of no exposure showed a further reduction in FVC and FEV1 by an average of 0.21 in a sawmill with high exposure to moulds (10 colony-forming units/m3), but not in another sawmill with ten times lower exposure. Further recordings 27 months later (Monday morning before work) displayed no further worsening in any spirometric variable. No change in lung function was noted after one day of work (Monday morning to Monday evening), but a further reduction in FVC of an average of 0.31 was seen in non-smokers at the end of the week, with apparent resolution over the weekend. The impairment was more obvious at the sawmill with higher air concentrations of organic dust than at the other sawmill. It is concluded that wood trimmers may develop restrictive pulmonary dysfunction, which might be explained by an immunopathological reaction to heavy mould exposure. PMID- 3490442 TI - Immune responses to the lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in convalescent and immunized pigs. AB - The immunologic responses to a smooth-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (HpS-LPS), a rough-type LPS (HpR-LPS), and a capsular-enriched polysaccharide preparation (HpC PS) purified from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae were determined in pigs immunized with a commercial H. pleuropneumoniae cellular vaccine, in pigs experimentally infected with H. pleuropneumoniae, in control pigs, and in immunized rabbits. The ability of the preparations to induce lymphocyte blastogenesis and B-cell activation was determined in the pigs and compared with the responses induced by the LPS of Escherichia coli O111:B4 and the LPS of Salmonella minnesota Re595. All the LPS preparations acted to induce proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from all pigs. The blastogenic response of PBL from H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs to HpS-LPS and HpR-LPS was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that of PBL from immunized and control pigs. HpC-PS did not induce a blastogenic response in the PBL of control pigs but did in PBL from H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs and to a greater degree in immunized pigs. An increase in the response of PBL to the S. minnesota LPS occurred only in the H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) were induced in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay by stimulation with HpS-LPS and HpC-PS of PBL isolated from pigs infected with H. pleuropneumoniae than of PBL from immunized pigs. Increasing the number of T cells increased the number of ISC induced by HpS-LPS in control and immunized pigs, but not in convalescent pigs. The presence of macrophages reduced activation of ISC by HpS-LPS in control pigs and to a lesser degree in immunized pigs, whereas in H. pleuropneumoniae-infected pigs macrophages enhanced the induction of ISC by HpS-LPS. In immunized pigs, macrophages acted to inhibit the ability of HpC-PS to induce ISC. Serologic studies indicate that HpC-PS contains strain- and serotype-specific antigens; that HpS-LPS has both serotype-specific and cross-reacting species-specific antigens; and that HpR-LPS does not contain detectable serotype-specific antigens but does have both non species- and species specific antigens. These studies show that the serotype-specific protection provided by immunization of pigs with an H. pleuropneumoniae cellular vaccine is principally the result of immunity to capsular antigens and that a weak cellular immune response occurs as compared with that induced by infection with H. pleuropneumoniae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3490445 TI - Immunoresistant metastatic tumor variants can re-express their tumor antigen after treatment with DNA methylation-inhibiting agents. AB - Immuno-escaping variants which arise during metastasis of ESb lymphoma cells in syngeneic DBA/2 mice have been shown to exhibit selective resistance to lysis by ESb-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). The immuno-resistant variants present no changes in the expression of H-2Kd molecules which appear to be the restricting elements for ESb-specific CTL. We now show that treatment of clonal immuno-resistant ESb variant cells with MNNG or 5'azacytidine can restore the sensitivity to tumor-specific CTL lysis in a high percentage of cloned progenitor cells. The acquisition of susceptibility to lysis by these clones is most likely due to re-expression of ESb-type tumor antigens because such cells regain the capacity to compete with original 51Cr-labelled ESb cells for lysis by ESb specific CTL, and regain the capacity to induce ESb-specific CTL in vivo. Our data suggest that the immuno-resistant variants are not cellular mutants but rather gene regulatory variants. This could explain: their high frequency of occurrence during metastasis; the relative stability of the variant phenotype; and the reversibility observed after the use of DNA-demethylating and gene activating drugs like 5'-azacytidine or MNNG. PMID- 3490446 TI - Plasminogen activators, plasminogen activator inhibitors and procoagulant analyzed in twenty human tumor cell lines. AB - We have analyzed the CM of 20 human tumor cell lines for the presence of PA, PA-I and PC. Most of the cell lines expressed PA activity as measured by a radioiodinated fibrin plate assay. The urinary type and tissue-type PA activities were specifically quantified by means of purified inhibitory antibodies. U-PA and/or t-PA antigen, as measured by radioimmunoassays, were detected in all but 4 of the CM and were generally 10 times more concentrated than PA activity, indicating the presence of specific PA-Is. Analysis of CM by electrophoresis followed by fibrin-agarose zymography demonstrated the presence not only of free but also of inhibitor-complexed PA. Affinity purification demonstrated that 8/20 cell lines expressed detectable PA-I activity. The PA-I1 and PA-I2 inhibitors were most frequently observed, while PN was recovered only from CM of the HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell line. PC activity, as measured by the plasma recalcification time method, was found in 9/20 CM. It was of the thromboplastin tissue factor type since most of its activity was lost when assayed with a Factor VII-deficient plasma. PMID- 3490447 TI - Cell inactivation and DNA single- and double-strand breaks in cultured mammalian cells irradiated by a thermal neutron beam. AB - The effects on the cellular viability and induction and repair kinetics of DNA strand breaks in HeLa cells were examined after exposure to a thermal neutron beam and compared with those after gamma-irradiation. The thermal neutron survival curve had no initial shoulder. The relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e.) value of the neutron beam was determined to be 2.2 for cell killing (ratio of D0 values), 1.8 and 0.89 for single strand breakage (ssb) by alkaline sedimentation and alkaline elution respectively, and for double strand breakage (dsb) 2.6 by neutral elution. No difference was observed between thermal neutrons and gamma-rays in the repair kinetics of ssb and dsb. It is suggested that the effect induced by the intracellular nuclear reaction, 14N(n,p)14C is mainly responsible for the high r.b.e. values observed. PMID- 3490449 TI - The differential response of the skin in young and old rats to a combination of X rays and 'wet' or 'dry' hyperthermia. AB - The left hind feet of groups of female rats aged 7, 14 and 52 weeks were irradiated at three dose levels of X-rays (20, 25 or 30 Gy). Hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C for 1 h) was carried out immediately following irradiation using either 'wet' or 'dry' heat, achieved by immersion in either water or fluorocarbon liquid. The results demonstrated that 'wet' heat produced a consistently greater enhancement of the irradiation damage than 'dry' heat. The thermal enhancement ratio for irradiation plus 'wet' heat was approximately 1.5 and for irradiation plus 'dry' heat it was in the range 1.17 to 1.39. Immersion of the feet in fluorocarbon liquid at 37 degrees C did not significantly modify the irradiation response of the skin. The lower thermal enhancement ratios obtained using immersion in fluorocarbon liquid at 42.5 degrees C are close to those obtained in large animal studies and also similar to the limited amount of data from clinical studies where microwave or ultrasound heating techniques were used. It has been demonstrated that there are large age-related differences in the response of the rat foot skin to irradiation alone. It has also been shown in the present study, using rats of the same age, that the response to irradiation plus hyperthermia was less age dependent. This finding may reflect the differing methods by which damage occurs in tissue after irradiation or hyperthermia. PMID- 3490448 TI - Reactions of reducing radicals with ribonuclease. AB - Radiation-induced reactions of hydrated electrons, formate- and ethanol radicals with ribonuclease were studied by pulse radiolysis and by electrophoresis. Initially formate radicals react rapidly and very specifically with the disulphide bonds of ribonuclease. This reaction leads to aggregation by intermolecular S-S-interchange, the process being more effective at pH 4, since formation and decay of S-S-.-radical anions increases with decreasing pH. With high doses additional unreducible aggregates are formed. Radical formation at the positively charged histidine residues seems to be involved. Hydrated electrons do not react as selectively as the formate radicals, but with several sites in native ribonuclease. Thus with low doses unreducible aggregates are formed. Electrophoresis shows that reaction of the electrons causes fragmentation of the peptide chain, when OH-radicals are scavenged. Very weak transient spectra and very little degradation result on reaction of ethanol radicals with ribonuclease. PMID- 3490450 TI - Radiosensitization by cisplatin of RIF1 tumour cells in vitro. AB - The ability of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (c-DDP) to enhance radiation induced cell killing was tested on oxic RIF1 tumour cells in monolayer culture. Marked radiosensitization of the survivors of a 1 h drug treatment was found with all c-DDP doses tested, with enhancement ratios increasing from 1.2 to 2.2 with increasing drug dose. Isobologram analyses showed that the interactions of c-DDP with X-rays were supra-additive. To test whether part of the enhancement was due to a selection of subpopulations, the diploid and tetraploid RIF1 cells, which normally coexist in culture, were separated by unit gravity velocity sedimentation, and by developing diploid and tetraploid clones. Both methods showed that there was little difference in either drug sensitivity or radiation sensitivity between diploid and tetraploid cells. DNA histograms obtained by flow cytometry showed little or no cycle progression during the 1 h drug treatment. These data indicate that the radiosensitization was not the result of the drug exposure leaving cells in a radiosensitive phase. The observed radiosensitization, therefore, appears to have resulted from a true drug/X-ray interaction. PMID- 3490451 TI - Three classes of DNA strand breaks induced by X-irradiation and internal beta rays. AB - Repair kinetics of DNA strand breaks were investigated after exposing exponentially growing CHO cells to X-radiation or to internal beta-rays from incorporated tritium, respectively. DNA strand breaks were analysed by the alkaline unwinding technique followed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. For either type of radiation, the repair kinetics are statistically best described by a sum of three exponential components. The half-times determined are tau I approximately 2 min, tau II approximately 20 min and tau III approximately 170 min; they are identical for both types of radiation. But the initial fractions of the components are different for X- and internal beta-rays; X-rays; fI = 0.70, fII = 0.25, fIII = 0.05; internal beta-rays: fI = 0.40, fII = 0.40, fIII = 0.20. Components I and II are considered to represent the repair of two different classes of single-strand breaks and component III the repair of double-strand breaks. Two alternative interpretations for the occurrence of the two classes of single-strand breaks are discussed. PMID- 3490452 TI - Cytogenetic effects of microwave irradiation on male germ cells of the mouse. AB - Hybrid male mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz microwaves for 30 min/day, 6 days a week for two consecutive weeks at power densities of 1.0, 100 or 400 W m-2, with sham-exposed controls. Rectal temperatures before and after exposure were measured on days 1, 6 and 12. Measurements made on day 1 were treated with caution because of heterogeneity in rectal temperatures taken before exposure between the groups of mice given different treatments. On days 6 and 12, rectal temperatures rose by approximately 1 degree C in mice sham exposed, or exposed to 1 W m-2 or 100 W m-2. Only in the group of mice exposed to 400 W m-2 was the mean rise in rectal temperature during exposure (about 3 degrees C) significantly increased above the sham value. In groups killed 2-3 days after treatment (mainly meiotic exposure) frequencies of chromosome aberrations in spermatocytes showed no significant heterogeneity although the highest frequency of 1.5 per cent was at the highest (400 W m-2) power density. Another group killed 30 days after 100 W m-2 exposures (spermatogonial sampling) showed no significant increase over controls in chromosome aberration frequency. There was a small but significant increase in sperm count with increasing power density in mice killed 12-13 days after exposure, but a non-significant one in those exposed as spermatogonia (killed 41 days later). Thus effects were markedly less severe than those reported previously by Manikowska-Czerska et al. (1985) with a very similar radiation regime and were probably caused by the temperature enhancement. PMID- 3490453 TI - Radiation and platinum drug interaction. PMID- 3490454 TI - Seasonal childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in the midwest. PMID- 3490455 TI - When and where will it stop? PMID- 3490456 TI - Alteration of macrophage differentiation into accessory and effector cells from exposure to dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in vivo. AB - DMN exposure modulates cellular immunity through alterations in the maturation and hematopoiesis of macrophages. DMN-exposed bone marrow stem cells gave rise to increased colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M) colonies while the resulting colonies produced fewer cells/colony. Bone marrow-derived macrophages phenotypically had decreased cells expressing Ia antigens or cells in the S-phase following DMN treatment. Concanavalin A-elicited peritoneal exudate cells from DMN-treated animals demonstrated an increase in the percentage of macrophages and in the number of immature, bi-nucleated cells obtained as well as a concomitant increase in the percentage of Ia antigen-expressing cells. Concanavalin A elicited peritoneal exudate cells from DMN-exposed animals also had an increased secreted interleukin-1 activity following lipopolysaccharide stimulation without any alteration in the expression of membrane-bound interleukin-1. Thioglycolate elicited peritoneal exudate cells from DMN-exposed animals demonstrated no changes in cellularity and only showed increases in the percentage of bi nucleated cells. There were no alterations in the capacity of T cells obtained from DMN-treated animals to respond to either soluble (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) or allo-antigens; nor were there alterations in the capacity of these T cells to either produce or respond to interleukin-2. These findings suggest that the observed DMN-induced modulation(s) in cell-mediated immunity results from changes in macrophage hematopoiesis due to alterations in: the production of regulatory factors controlling their production and/or differentiation or their ability to respond to these factors. PMID- 3490457 TI - Anaphylatoxin C5a fails to promote prostacyclin release in cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins. AB - Subcultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins respond to histamine and melittin with increased prostacyclin production, measured as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha by radioimmunoassay. However, no response to leukotriene C4 was observed. Primary cultured cells, on the other hand, respond to leukotriene C4 and the histamine response was 7 times more potent for these cells than for subcultured cells. In contrast, neither primary cultures nor subcultures of endothelial cells released prostacyclin following application of either human anaphylatoxin C5a (100 nM) or C3a (1 microM). In addition, these endothelial cells appear to have no specific binding sites for 125I-C5a. However, endothelial cells released prostacyclin in the presence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes that were activated with C5a. We conclude that involvement of endothelial cells in the haemodynamic response to anaphylatoxin is an indirect function, i.e. C5a activates circulating or tissue cells which in turn stimulate the endothelial cell to produce prostacyclin. PMID- 3490459 TI - Headache and cervical spine disorders: classification and treatment with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. PMID- 3490458 TI - Secretion of interleukin 1/leucocytic pyrogen from endotoxin-stimulated human alveolar macrophages is unaffected by indomethacin. AB - Human alveolar macrophages obtained from 7 normal volunteers and 7 patients with lung disease were stimulated with endotoxin (lipolysaccharide) to induce interleukin 1/leucocytic pyrogen (IL1/LP) secretion. Using the thymocyte assay we quantitated IL1/LP activity in macrophage supernatants obtained after 24 h. 10 micrograms/ml lipopolysaccharide stimulated alveolar macrophages to secrete significantly more IL1/LP activity than did 1 micrograms/ml. Apart from one patient with sarcoidosis, the presence of indomethacin did not significantly inhibit the quantity of IL1/LP secreted in response to LPS. We also demonstrated that the presence of indomethacin did not affect the response of thymocytes to IL1/LP. We conclude that the secretion of IL1/LP by human alveolar macrophages in response to endotoxin is not significantly reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. PMID- 3490460 TI - The biodistribution of radiolabeled antilymphocyte monoclonal antibody in the rat. AB - The biodistribution of radiolabeled mouse anti-pan T monoclonal antibody (W3/13) against rat lymphocytes was examined in normal rats. Monoclonal antibody to human prostate-associated antigens (PAA) served as a control. In vitro studies demonstrated a 38% maximum binding of radiolabeled W3/13 to lymphocytes, which was significant (P less than 0.001) when compared with the control (PAA) value of 3.4%. In vivo, intravenously administered 111In labeled W3/13 and 131I labeled W3/13 exhibited similar tissue distribution patterns. The localization of W3/13 in lymphoid tissue was significantly greater than that achieved with PAA. W3/13, however, did not demonstrate significant localization in the intact thymus and accumulated to a higher degree (6-10% ID/g) than expected in bone marrow at 24 h. These findings suggest that radiolabeled anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies may not be well suited for the treatment of lymphoreticular neoplasms and allograft rejection in patients. PMID- 3490461 TI - Carbon-11, nitrogen-13 and oxygen-15--labelled molecules. PMID- 3490462 TI - Therapeutic applications of radiolabelled antibodies: current situation and prospects. PMID- 3490463 TI - Immune functions of former poison gas workers. II. Lymphocyte subsets and interleukin 2 production. PMID- 3490464 TI - Sulfonamide-associated keratoconjunctivitis sicca and corneal ulceration in a dysuric dog. AB - Long-term sulfonamide therapy for a urinary tract disorder was believed to have caused toxicosis of the lacrimal gland, and subsequently, dry eyes. Initial topical treatment of the ulcers may have potentiated the dry eye condition. The dog was referred with negligible tear production and bilateral corneal ulcers. Diagnostic evaluation of the urinary tract indicated reflex dyssynergia, a neurologic disorder causing functional urinary tract obstruction. The combination of appropriate topical and surgical therapy of the eyes, discontinuation of sulfonamide treatment, and initiation of bethanechol in the treatment of reflex dyssynergia all contributed to return of a normal tear film. Any combination of systemic and/or topical therapy may affect lacrimal secretion. The clinician must be cognizant of the potential effects that systemic medication, particularly antimicrobial drugs and drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system, may have on lacrimal secretions. PMID- 3490466 TI - Characterization of beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Bacteroides. AB - A total of 78 strains of Bacteroides was freshly isolated from clinical specimens; 60 of the strains were identified as B. fragilis and 16 as B. thetaiotaomicron. Overall, imipenem and the combination of benzylpenicillin and clavulanic acid were found to be considerably more active than cefoxitin or latamoxef (moxalactam) against these strains. Nearly all the strains exhibited weak beta-lactamase activity and 13 were judged to produce elevated levels of enzyme. These 13 strains fell into three groups: four strains that produced enzymes of low specific activity which were very susceptible to beta-lactamase inhibitors; three strains that produced enzymes of intermediate specific activity which hydrolysed cefoxitin and latamoxef at a variable rate; two of these enzymes rapidly inactivated imipenem and were insusceptible to beta-lactamase inhibitors; six strains that produced enzymes of high specific activity which were susceptible to beta-lactamase inhibitors; these strains did not inactivate beta lactamase-stable beta-lactam antibiotics, but two of the strains nonetheless exhibited reduced susceptibility to latamoxef and imipenem. PMID- 3490465 TI - The incidence of spermatic granulomas and their relation to testis weight after vasectomy and vasovasostomy in Lewis rats. AB - The occurrence of spermatic granulomas of the vas deferens was studied in Lewis rats at intervals up to 7 months after vasectomy or vasectomy followed 3 months later by vasovasostomy. The incidence of granuloma progressed with time to involve one or both tracts in 100% of vasectomized rats. In addition, the majority of animals developed new granulomas after vasovasostomy, even though fluid flow through the reconnected vas deferens was demonstrated in vitro. When individual tracts were analyzed, the weight of the testis was related to ipsilateral spermatic granuloma formation in both vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups at 3 and 4 months after initial operation. Testes were small in the absence of a granuloma but similar to those of sham-operated rats if a granuloma was present. The possible protective effect of spermatic granuloma formation on the testis is discussed. PMID- 3490467 TI - In-vitro evaluation of carumonam (Ro 17-2301). AB - The in-vitro antibacterial activity of carumonam (Ro 17-2301) was assessed and compared with those of aztreonam and other beta-lactam antibiotics. Carumonam was highly active against the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas strains resistant to ampicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l) and carbenicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 64 mg/l), respectively. The MICs of carumonam for 90% of the strains ranged between 0.25 mg/l for Klebsiella spp. to 32 mg/l for Pseudomonas spp. The antibacterial activity was minimally altered by changes of medium or inoculum size. Carumonam was resistant to hydrolysis by the plasmid-mediated and chromosomal beta-lactamases tested. Also in the microbiological assay no inactivation was observed. Carumonam was an effective inhibitor of the SHV enzyme and the chromosomal beta-lactamases tested. Against the other plasmid-mediated enzymes carumonam was not an effective inhibitor. PMID- 3490468 TI - Ciprofloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - Thirty four patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with 500 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily, orally, for ten days. The short term response rate was 97% (cure 70.6%, improvement 26.4%) and failure 3%; the long-term response rate (six months follow-up) was 73.5%. Predominant initial pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, mostly in pure cultures. All sputum cultures except those with Str. pneumoniae became negative on the third day of treatment. Apart from a slower clearance of pneumococci from the sputum there were no significant differences in responses between pneumococcal and Haemophilus infections during and after therapy. Peak serum levels at 2 h after administration were 3.8 +/- 1.7 mg/l, half life was 3 h; peak sputum levels at 4 h were 1.3 +/- 0.95 mg/l. The serum-sputum penetration was 49.7% measured by AUC values. Mild adverse gastrointestinal effects were noticed in five patients. PMID- 3490469 TI - Effect of tinidazole on the cellular immune response. AB - A single 500 mg dose of tinidazole was given to fourteen healthy volunteers. Cellular immune functions were studied, before and 2 and 24 h after drug ingestion. Blast transformation of lymphocytes to Con-A was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in samples obtained 2 h after ingestion. No significant changes were found in the other immunological parameters studied. We conclude that these findings could be caused by reversible blockage of lectin binding receptors on the lymphocyte surface. PMID- 3490470 TI - Detection of an intracellular transforming protein (v-Ki-ras p21) using the flow activated cell sorter (FACS). AB - The transforming protein coded for by the Ki-ras oncogene, v-p21, localizes at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. A method is presented whereby the appearance of v-p21 in Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells can be detected by flow cytometry, using a monoclonal antibody to v-p21 and methods modified from immunofluorescence microscopy. The method is sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between cellular and viral p21 levels, to detect small subpopulations of virus-transformed cells, and to monitor changes in p21 expression in response to physiologic variables. The method provides a rapid, quantitative means to investigate the expression of an intracellular transforming protein in heterogeneous cell populations. PMID- 3490471 TI - Intracellular compartmentalization of adenosine triphosphate. AB - The intracellular distribution and diffusivity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was studied by cryomicrodissection of individual Rana pipiens oocytes. We measured ATP concentrations in the nucleus, in animal and vegetal hemisphere cytoplasm, and in an intracellular reference phase (iRP, a microinjected gelatin "organelle") which samples diffusive ATP. Regional concentrations were not equal: nucleus much greater than animal ooplasm greater than vegetal ooplasm. ATP binding and water availability (as solvent) were determined by plotting nuclear and cytoplasmic ATP concentrations as a function of reference phase ATP concentrations (isothermal analysis). The nucleus/iRP isotherm for ATP was an equimolar line, showing that nucleoplasm resembles iRP gelatin (and consequently a simple aqueous solution) in its solvent properties. Cytoplasm/iRP isotherms were more complex, having slopes much less than unity and ordinal intercepts above the graph's origin. They demonstrate the presence in cytoplasm of mechanisms that are capable of excluding and binding ATP. These mechanisms are responsible for the inhomogeneity in ATPs intracellular distribution. In addition, exclusion and binding have different and opposing effects on ATP concentrations in the cell's "soluble space," and hence on ATP availability to enter into cellular reactions. It follows that these phenomena must be considered in attempts to model ATPs role in metabolism. PMID- 3490472 TI - Biosynthesis of calcitonin gene-related peptide and calcitonin by a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line. AB - cDNA analyses predict that the human calcitonin gene encodes the two precursor proteins of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The mRNAs for the putative precursors of these peptides are derived from alternative processing of the primary transcript of this gene. The 75 amino-terminal residues of each preprohormone are predicted to be identical. We have developed the TT human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line as a model to study human calcitonin gene expression. Mature calcitonin and CGRP are major secretory products of this cell line. Extracts of TT cells radiolabeled with amino acids for 1 h contained only one peak of either immunoprecipitable calcitonin or CGRP on reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Each of these species had an Mr = 12,800 as estimated by gel filtration chromatography. The results of partial amino-terminal microsequencing of these two precursors were identical. Residues 2, 11, and 14 of each precursor were proline, and residues 7, 17, 24, 25, 26, and 29 were leucine. The unique alignment of the positions of these amino acids with the cDNA predicted sequence for the common region of preprocalcitonin and preproCGRP suggests that the site of signal sequence cleavage occurs after residue 25 of both preprophormones. These studies represent the first identification of procalcitonin (116 amino acids) from a human cell line and of proCGRP (103 amino acids) from any tissue. PMID- 3490473 TI - Dipyridamole-insensitive nucleoside transport in mutant murine T lymphoma cells. AB - From a mutagenized population of S49 murine T lymphoma cells, a mutant cell line, JPA4, was selected that expressed an altered nucleoside transport capability. JPA4 cells transported low concentrations of purine nucleosides and uridine more rapidly than the parental S49 cell line. The transport of these nucleosides by mutant cells was insensitive to inhibition by either dipyridamole (DPA) or 4 nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), two potent inhibitors of nucleoside transport in mammalian cells. Kinetic analyses revealed that the apparent Km values for the transport of uridine, adenosine, and inosine were 3-4-fold lower in JPA4 cells compared to wild type cells. In contrast, the transport of both thymidine and cytidine by JPA4 cells was similar to that of parental cells, and transport of these pyrimidine nucleosides remained sensitive to inhibition by both NBMPR and DPA. Furthermore, thymidine was a 10-12-fold weaker inhibitor of inosine transport in JPA4 cells than in wild type cells. Thus, JPA4 cells appeared to express two types of nucleoside transport activities; a novel (mutant) type that was insensitive to inhibition by DPA and NBMPR and transported purine nucleosides and uridine, and a parental type that retained sensitivity to inhibitors and transported cytidine and thymidine. The phenotype of the JPA4 cell line suggests that the sensitivity of mammalian nucleoside transporters to both NBMPR and DPA can be genetically uncoupled from its ability to transport certain nucleoside substrates and that the determinants on the nucleoside transporter that interact with each nucleoside are not necessarily identical. PMID- 3490474 TI - Purification of an active plasminogen activator inhibitor immunologically related to the endothelial type plasminogen activator inhibitor from the conditioned media of a human melanoma cell line. AB - 24 established melanoma cell cultures were screened for their secretion of plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitors into the culture medium by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by conventional and reverse fibrin autography. Among the cell lines investigated, 22 cell lines predominantly secreting tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and four cell lines additionally secreting urokinase were found. The conditioned media of two cell lines (KRFM and MJZJ) were found to contain plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity at a Mr position of approximately 50,000. The PAI of one of the two melanoma cell (MJZJ)-conditioned media found to contain PAI activity was purified to apparent homogeneity employing concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, chromatography on Affi-Gel blue, and affinity chromatography on a Sepharose 4B immobilized monoclonal anti-t PA IgG column. The purified melanoma PAI was found to be a single chain protein, acid stable, immunologically related to the endothelial derived PAI. In contrast to endothelial PAI, melanoma PAI presented itself in the conditioned media of the melanoma cells and in the purified preparation to an appreciable extent in its active form. PMID- 3490475 TI - "Glycated" osteocalcin in human and bovine bone. The effect of age. AB - Purified osteocalcin from cow and calf bone was analyzed for nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) by sodium [3H]borohydride reduction. Calf bone was found to be approximately 5% glycated, while bone from mature cows was 10% glycated. These results were confirmed by a second method which utilizes periodate oxidation followed by formaldehyde fluorescence. Osteocalcin in human bone was also found to be glycated. The content of glycated osteocalcin from the bones of 47 nondiabetic individuals, aged 0.6-97, was dependent upon age. The extent of glycation was lowest in children, was constant through the adult years, and increased linearly in bone taken from individuals aged 60-97. Glycated osteocalcin was purified by boronate affinity chromatography and subjected to one step Edman degradation. It was established that the site of glycation was the amino-terminal tyrosine. Increases in the amount of glycated osteocalcin in the bones of older individuals may play a role in the pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis and in the osteopenia which may accompany diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3490476 TI - Characteristics of inositol trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release from permeabilized hepatocytes. AB - Ca2+ release triggered by inositol trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) has been measured in saponin-permeabilized hepatocytes with 45Ca2+ or Quin 2. The initial rate of Ca2+ release was not greatly affected by the incubation temperature (175 +/- 40 pmol X s-1 X mg dry weight-1, at 30 degrees C versus 133 +/- 24 pmol X s-1 X mg dry weight-1 at 4 degrees C). The amount of Ca2+ released by Ins(1,4,5)P3 was not affected by pH (6.5-8.0). La3+ (100 microM) markedly inhibited the effect of 1 microM Ins(1,4,5)P3. The possibility that La3+ chelates Ins(1,4,5)P3 cannot be excluded since the effect of La3+ could be overcome by increasing the Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentration. Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ release showed a requirement for permeant cations in the incubation medium. Optimal release was observed with potassium gluconate. Other monovalent cations, with the exception of Li+, can substitute for K+. Permeant anions, at concentrations above 40 mM, inhibited Ca2+ release produced by Ins(1,4,5)P3. Cl-, Br-, I-, and SO2-4 were equally effective as inhibitors. Ins(1,4,5)P3 also caused the release of 54Mn2+ and 85Sr2+ accumulated by the permeabilized hepatocytes. Our results are consistent with Ins(1,4,5)P3 promoting the membrane translocation of divalent cations through an ion channel rather than an ion carrier. The translocation of positive charge through this channel is balanced by ancillary movements of monovalent cations and anions across the reticular membranes. The transport systems responsible for these compensatory ion movements may represent a potential site for the regulation of the hormone-mediated Ca2+ signal. PMID- 3490477 TI - Catecholamine secretion from digitonin-treated PC12 cells. Effects of Ca2+, ATP, and protein kinase C activators. AB - PC12 cells, a cloned rat pheochromocytoma cell line, were treated with digitonin to render the plasma membrane permeable to ions and proteins. At a cell density of 2-6 X 10(5) cells/cm2, incubation with 7.5 microM digitonin permitted a Ca2+ dependent release of 25-40% of the catecholamine within 18 min in the presence of 10 microM Ca2+. Half-maximal secretion occurred at 0.5-1 microM Ca2+. PC12 cultures at lower cell densities were more sensitive to digitonin and gave more variable results. Secretion in the presence of digitonin and Ca2+ began after a 2 min lag and continued for up to 30 min. When cells were treated for 3 min in digitonin and then stimulated with Ca2+ in the absence of digitonin, secretion occurred in the same manner but without the initial lag. Optimal secretion from PC12 cells was also dependent upon the presence of Mg2+ and ATP. Permeabilized PC12 cells exhibited a slow time-dependent loss of secretory responsiveness which was correlated with the release of a cytosolic marker, lactate dehydrogenase (134 kDa). This suggests that digitonin permeabilization allows soluble constituents necessary for secretion to leave the cell in addition to allowing Ca2+ and ATP access into the cell interior. Ca2+-dependent secretion was completely inhibited by exposure of digitonin-permeabilized cells to 100 micrograms/ml trypsin (27 kDa), whereas secretion was only slightly inhibited by trypsin exposure prior to digitonin treatment. Thus, an intracellular, trypsin-sensitive protein is probably involved in secretion. The data also indicate that the same population of digitonin-treated cells which responded to Ca2+ was permeable to a 27-kDa protein. 1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol and phorbol esters which activate protein kinase C enhanced the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent secretion in digitonin permeabilized PC12 cells. Thus, protein kinase C appears to be involved in the regulation of catecholamine secretion from permeabilized PC12 cells. PMID- 3490478 TI - Cathepsin L inactivates alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by cleavage in the reactive site region. AB - The lysosomal cysteine proteinases cathepsin L and cathepsin B were examined for their effect on the neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity of human alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI). Human cathepsin L catalytically inactivated human alpha 1PI by cleavage of the bonds Glu354-Ala355 and Met358-Ser359 (the serine proteinase inhibitory site). Cathepsin B did not inactivate alpha 1PI, even when equimolar amounts of enzyme were employed. Cathepsin L is the first human proteinase shown to catalytically inactivate alpha 1PI. These findings, in conjunction with other reports, suggest that alpha 1PI contains a proteolytically sensitive region encompassing residues 350-358. Taken together with the discovery of the elastinolytic activity of cathepsin L (Mason, R. W., Johnson, D. A., Barrett, A. J., and Chapman, H. A. (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 925-927), the present findings emphasize the possible importance of cathepsin L in the pathological proteolysis of elastin and diminish the role that can be attributed to cathepsin B in such processes. PMID- 3490479 TI - Import of proteins into chloroplasts. Membrane integration of a thylakoid precursor protein reconstituted in chloroplast lysates. AB - Many of the thylakoid membrane proteins of plant and algal chloroplasts are synthesized in the cytosol as soluble, higher molecular weight precursors. These precursors are post-translationally imported into chloroplasts, incorporated into the thylakoids, and proteolytically processed to mature size. In the present study, the process by which precursors are incorporated into thylakoids was reconstituted in chloroplast lysates using the precursor to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (preLHCP) as a model. PreLHCP inserted into thylakoid membranes, but not envelope membranes, if ATP was present in the reaction mixture. Correct integration into the bilayer was verified by previously documented criteria. Integration could also be reconstituted with purified thylakoid membranes if reaction mixtures were supplemented with a soluble extract of chloroplasts. Several other thylakoid precursor proteins in addition to preLHCP, but no stromal precursor proteins, were incorporated into thylakoids under the described assay conditions. These results suggest that the observed in vitro activity represents in vivo events during the biogenesis of thylakoid proteins. PMID- 3490480 TI - Synthesis of epidermal growth factor receptor in human A431 cells. Glycosylation dependent acquisition of ligand binding activity occurs post-translationally in the endoplasmic reticulum. AB - It was previously demonstrated that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in human A431 cells undergoes a slow post-translational modification by which it acquires EGF binding capacity (Slieker, L.J., and Lane, M.D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 687-690). In this report, the role of glycosylation in the acquisition of ligand binding activity and in the intracellular translocation of the receptor precursor is characterized. Human A431 cells were incubated with [35S]methionine, and 35S-labeled EGF receptors were purified either by immunoprecipitation (total receptor) or by adsorption to an EGF affinity matrix (high affinity, or active receptor). The half-time for receptor activation is approximately 30 min and precedes its acquisition of resistance to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (t 1/2 = 75 min), a medial Golgi event. Activation is blocked by tunicamycin and is markedly slowed (t 1/2 = 120 min) by 1-deoxynojirimycin, an inhibitor of glucosidase I. In the latter case, the oligosaccharide chains are not further processed to complex forms. Treatment of the active high mannose receptor with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H generates a fully active aglycoreceptor polypeptide, indicating that core oligosaccharide addition is a prerequisite for activation but that oligosaccharide chains are not intrinsically required for EGF binding. Subcellular fractionation studies showed that the EGF receptor is activated in the endoplasmic reticulum and that translocation from that organelle is extremely slow (t 1/2 = 75 min). Since the latter translocation rate approximates that for the acquisition of the resistance to endoglycosidase H, transit from the endoplasmic reticulum appears to be rate-limiting for the maturation of the receptor. Both tunicamycin and 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibit exit from the endoplasmic reticulum in parallel with their effects on the acquisition of binding activity. Immunoprecipitation of 35S-labeled EGF receptor with antiphosphotyrosine antibody in the presence of ATP suggested that the autophosphorylation activity of the receptor is also acquired post translationally. The possible correlation of this to EGF binding activity is discussed. PMID- 3490481 TI - Isolation and characterization of a collagen binding domain in human von Willebrand factor. AB - von Willebrand factor binds to fibrillar type I collagen in a rapid, temperature independent, reversible, specific, and saturable manner. Evaluation of binding isotherms by Scatchard-type analysis demonstrated that 6-18 micrograms of von Willebrand factor bind per mg of collagen, with Ka between 2 and 8 X 10(8) M-1. Five distinct tryptic fragments, purified under denaturing and reducing conditions and representing over 75% of the molecular mass of the von Willebrand factor subunit, were tested for their capacity to inhibit the von Willebrand factor-collagen interaction. Complete inhibition was obtained with a 52/48-kDa fragment at a concentration of approximately 1 microM. The location of this fragment in the subunit was established to be between Val-449 and Lys-728. Fifteen monoclonal antibodies against the 52/48-kDa fragment inhibited von Willebrand factor binding to collagen. Six antibodies against other portions of the von Willebrand factor subunit had no inhibitory effect. The tryptic fragment was a competitive inhibitor of von Willebrand factor binding to collagen and, therefore, recognizes the same interaction site as the intact molecule. These studies precisely define a domain in the von Willebrand factor subunit that interacts with type I collagen. PMID- 3490482 TI - Restricted growth of rat kidney proximal tubule cells cultured in serum supplemented and defined media. AB - Proximal tubules suitable for in vitro culture were prepared from rat kidney cortex by a Ficoll-gradient centrifugation technique which yielded greater than 94% purity. The tubules were seeded into culture dishes, and cell growth was monitored in both Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium containing 10% fetal calf serum and in a defined medium consisting of 50:50 Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and hydrocortisone. Growth in serum containing medium was continuous; however, the specific activity of the brush border enzyme alkaline phosphatase decreased rapidly with time, and the culture morphology became fibroblastic by 6 days. Neither collagen-coating of the dishes nor addition of the differentiation inducer hexamethylene-bisacetamide had any significant effect on growth or enzyme activity of the cultured cells. Theophylline, another inducer of differentiation, proved cytotoxic. Growth of proximal tubule cells in defined medium proceeded for 4 days before irreversible growth arrest occurred. Alkaline phosphatase activity and epithelial morphology remained relatively constant throughout the culture period. Additions of the growth factors triiodothyronine, prostaglandin E2, and epidermal growth factor were unable to unblock the growth arrest. If cells cultured in defined medium for 3 days were switched to serum-supplemented medium, continuous growth occurred, but both alkaline phosphatase activity and epithelial morphology were rapidly lost. As a test of the culture method, rabbit proximal tubule cells were cultured under similar conditions in defined medium. Growth was prolific and continuous for up to, but not exceeding, 30 days, and differentiated properties were retained. It was concluded that both rat and rabbit proximal tubule cells have a limited proliferative capacity in vitro but that the capacity of the rat cell to divide is much reduced relative to the rabbit cell. PMID- 3490483 TI - Therapy for the occupationally injured hand. AB - Basic considerations for rehabilitation of the occupationally injured hand are discussed. Factors affecting motivation of the patient as well as clinical assessment and treatment planning are reviewed. Brief postoperative routines for common injuries are outlined. PMID- 3490484 TI - [Role of vascular erosion in massive colonic hemorrhage of diverticular origin. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of massive hemorrhage from colon of diverticular origin is reported. A complete study of operative specimen allowed precise localization of diverticulum responsible and guidance of histopathologists in their search for the arterial erosion. Histology showed loss of arterial substance with total communication with diverticular lumen. A literature review emphasized vascular relations of diverticuli and the role of stercoliths in the mechanical agression responsible for the massive hemorrhage. It also illustrated the predominance of arteriography in the modern diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these lesions. PMID- 3490485 TI - Assessment of a two-step high-performance liquid chromatographic assay using dual wavelength ultraviolet monitoring for 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25 hydroxycholecalciferol in human serum or plasma. AB - The technique of dual-wavelength monitoring was used to verify the purity of high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) peaks quantified as 25 hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. The data obtained show the need for a second HPLC step prior to quantitation. Potential inaccuracy arising from inadvertent collection of radio-labelled decomposition products was assessed. Between-day coefficients of variation were 7.3, 5.0 and 3.6%, respectively for 11.3 (n = 12), 17.1 (n = 14), and 32.9 (n = 8) ng/ml of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol. For 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, these values were 6.4 and 3.8% for 11.1 (n = 12) and 20.1 (n = 8) ng/ml concentrations, respectively. Comparison of total 25-hydroxycalciferol with a competitive protein binding assay was made. The comparison produced a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.94 and a relationship of y = 1.03x + 3.3. Four of the samples contained more than 10 ng/ml of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and the results are consistent with the reported 100% cross-reactivity of the competitive binding protein method for 25 hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. A simple regeneration procedure is also described which enables Sep-Pak C18 cartridges to be reused up to eighteen times. Samples may be stored at -18 degrees C for upto several months before assay and either serum or plasma may be used. PMID- 3490486 TI - Immunological studies on histiocytosis X. I. Special reference to the chemotactic defect and the HLA antigen. AB - We treated a family with three children with histiocytosis X (H-X). The chemotactic response of the neutrophils in these three patients was depressed and the chemotactic response of the neutrophils of the mother was also depressed compared to that of normal age-matched controls. To elucidate the genetic factors, we examined HLA antigens in five members of this family. All five members had Aw24, B7, Cw7, and DR1. Immunological and genetic studies in an additional 32 patients with H-X were performed. The chemotactic response of 35 patients with H-X (154.9 +/- 58.4/HPF) was significantly depressed in comparison with that of 35 age-matched healthy controls (613.3 +/- 116.7/HPF). In addition, the value of chemiluminescence of 20 of 35 patients (20.5 +/- 6.6 mV) was also significantly depressed in comparison with that of 20 normal controls (45.3 +/- 11.4 mV). The frequencies of Bw61 (54.4%) and Cw7 (45.4%) in 33 patients with H-X were significantly increased in comparison with those of 250 normal healthy controls (20.4 and 18.0%, respectively). Studies of immunoglobulin levels and complement titers of patients with H-X showed no consistent abnormalities. We proposed that defects of polymorphonuclear function may lead to an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in patients with this disorder. PMID- 3490487 TI - Dietary bovine antigens and immune complex formation after intravenous immunoglobulin in common varied immunodeficiency. AB - Previously we have shown that the sera of hypogammaglobulinemic patients may contain large amounts of antigenically intact foreign protein of dietary origin, presumably due to the absence of an adequate gastrointestinal secretory immune barrier. In these studies we show that the intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin in these patients may result in high levels of immune complexes postinfusion and that at least one constituent of these complexes is likely to be bovine casein. PMID- 3490488 TI - A monoclonal surface immunoglobulin (IgM/D-L) with specificity for surface antigen of ox red blood cells in a patient with leukemic lymphosarcoma. AB - A patient with B-cell leukemic lymphosarcoma, whose lymphocytes had a monoclonal (IgM/D-L) surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) and formed rosettes with ox red blood cells (ORBC), is described. The leukemic cells were documented to have a monoclonal SmIg and cytoplasmic Ig (CIg) and secreted a monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg) whose antibody activity was directed to the surface antigen of ORBC. Pretreatment of the leukemic cells with anti-mu, anti-delta, or anti-lambda inhibited E(ox) rosette formation specifically. Pretreatment of the leukemic cells with pronase removed the SmIg and abolished E(ox) rosette formation simultaneously, and regeneration of the SmIg was parallel with recovery of the rosette formation. A small amount of serum MIg could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and antiidiotypic antibody against the 19 S component of the serum revealed that the monoclonal SmIg, CIg, and serum MIg shared the same idiotope. This case suggests that lymphocytes of some B-cell malignancies may bind to ORBC through SmIg. PMID- 3490489 TI - Rapid assay for immunological detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease with an estimated incidence of 4 million to 8 million cases a year in the United States. The most commonly used method of diagnosis is a direct microscopic observation (wet mount) of vaginal secretions and, although both rapid and inexpensive, the sensitivity of this technique is generally 50 to 70%. We developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis which is both rapid and sensitive (detection limit of approximately 100 trichomonads per ml). This assay, which employs affinity-purified rabbit anti-T. vaginalis antibodies in a "sandwich" configuration, is simple to perform and is neither interfered with nor appears to cross-react with other microorganisms which are common inhabitants of the urogenital tract. One hundred and seventy-seven consecutive unselected patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases were evaluated for trichomoniasis by a broth culture technique monitored for up to 7 days (and considered here to be the standard for positivity), the conventional wet mount method, a solid culture procedure, and the ELISA. Of these, 84 were positive by culture; 33 were positive by the wet mount; and despite the fact that the vaginal specimens were diluted 20-fold during the culture procedures prior to testing in the ELISA, 65 were positive by ELISA. In addition to exhibiting a sensitivity of 77%, the specificity of the ELISA was 100%. These results demonstrate that the ELISA is a significant improvement over the wet mount method for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. PMID- 3490490 TI - Outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. AB - Between November 1983 and January 1984, 13 cases of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis occurred in Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee in patients who had had an intraocular lens implantation (IOLI) or cataract extraction with an IOLI. This outbreak followed the introduction in July 1983 of a new brand of balanced salt solution (BSS) used as an intraoperative ophthalmic irrigation solution. This product was subsequently recalled because of intrinsic fungal contamination. A retrospective cohort study including 704 ophthalmology patients at risk for exposure to this brand of BSS revealed that definite exposure to that product was a significant risk factor for C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis (P less than 0.001, Fisher exact test). A retrospective case control study including 203 control patients with definite exposure to BSS suggested that exposure to systemic steroids (P = 0.007, Fisher exact test) was an additional risk factor for C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis. Treatment modalities among the 13 patients included topical, intraocular, or systemic antifungal therapy (or a combination of these modalities) in 13 patients and vitrectomy in 10 patients. No patients had systemic symptoms or complete visual loss. Laboratory investigations showed a 6.7% overall contamination of the product with C. parapsilosis. After recall of the product by the manufacturer, no patients having a cataract extraction or IOLI at the institutions studied are known to have developed C. parapsilosis endophthalmitis. PMID- 3490492 TI - Immunoglobulin isotypes of anti-Trichomonas vaginalis antibodies in patients with vaginal trichomoniasis. AB - Studies of anti-Trichomonas vaginalis antibodies in patients with vaginal trichomoniasis were undertaken in attempts to identify the predominant antibody isotype produced and to delineate clinically significant antigens. The total antibody content of serum samples from 23 patients was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that employed anti-human immunoglobulin and isotype-specific antisera. The immunochemical reactivity of these antibodies was examined by Western blot analysis. The anti-T. vaginalis titer of all but two of these serum samples was greater than 200 (range, greater than 200 to 12,800). By using an ELISA titer of at least 200 as a criterion, 21 of the serum samples contained antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, 17 contained IgM antibodies, and 6 contained IgA antibodies directed to the protozoan. Western blot analyses of these serum samples revealed approximately 29 antigenic trichomonad polypeptides, with apparent molecular sizes ranging from 14 to greater than 100 kilodaltons and with individual serum samples possessing different patterns of reactivity. These results add to the current understanding of the serological and secretory immune responses to T. vaginalis, as well as define potential antigens for use in immunodiagnostics. PMID- 3490491 TI - High production of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus (lymphadenopathy associated virus) by human T lymphocytes stimulated by streptococcal mitogenic toxins. AB - Purified streptococcal mitogens (SMs) including erythrogenic exotoxin were compared with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for their ability to sustain lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) replication after the stimulation of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infected with LAV. Both SM and PHA supported LAV production in peripheral blood mononuclear and CD4+ cells but not in CD8+ cells. LAV production assessed by the assay of reverse transcriptase in cell supernatants appeared earlier after stimulation with SM and was 6- to 10-fold greater than after stimulation by PHA. PMID- 3490493 TI - Deoxyadenosine triphosphate as a mediator of deoxyguanosine toxicity in cultured T lymphoblasts. AB - The mechanism by which 2'-deoxyguanosine is toxic for lymphoid cells is relevant both to the severe cellular immune defect of inherited purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency and to attempts to exploit PNP inhibitors therapeutically. We have studied the cell cycle and biochemical effects of 2' deoxyguanosine in human lymphoblasts using the PNP inhibitor 8-aminoguanosine. We show that cytostatic 2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations cause G1-phase arrest in PNP-inhibited T lymphoblasts, regardless of their hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase status. This effect is identical to that produced by 2' deoxyadenosine in adenosine deaminase-inhibited T cells. 2'-Deoxyguanosine elevates both the 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate (dGTP) and 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate (dATP) pools; subsequently pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide pools are depleted. The time course of these biochemical changes indicates that the onset of G1-phase arrest is related to increase of the dATP rather than the dGTP pool. When dGTP elevation is dissociated from dATP elevation by coincubation with 2'-deoxycytidine, dGTP does not by itself interrupt transit from the G1 to the S phase. It is proposed that dATP can mediate both 2'-deoxyguanosine and 2' deoxyadenosine toxicity in T lymphoblasts. PMID- 3490494 TI - Interleukin 1 stimulates granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity release by vascular endothelial cells. AB - Studies designed to characterize monocyte-derived recruiting activity (MRA) a monokine that stimulates endothelial cells to produce granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by endothelial cells, show that it is a thermolabile protein of from 12,000 to 24,000 D which, on chromatofocusing, shows three separate peaks of eluted activity from pH 7.5 to 5.0. Because these and many other properties of MRA are identical to those of interleukin 1 (IL-1), we tested the hypothesis that MRA and IL-1 are identical. We cultured vascular endothelial cells with various concentrations of purified native and recombinant IL-1 (pI 7 form), then tested the endothelial cell supernatants for GM-CSA. Purified native IL-1 and recombinant IL-1 stimulated endothelial cells to release CSA. The MRA of native IL-1, recombinant IL-1, and unfractionated monocyte conditioned medium was neutralized by a highly specific rabbit anti-human IL-1 antiserum. Chromatofocusing fractions that contained MRA contained immunoreactive IL-1 on immunoblotting and the bioactivity was neutralized completely by treatment with the antiserum. We conclude that IL-1 induces the release of CSA by vascular endothelial cells, that IL-1 is constitutively produced by monocytes in vitro, and that MRA and IL-1 are biologically, biophysically and, immunologically identical. PMID- 3490495 TI - A case of human B cell leukemia that implicates an autocrine mechanism in the abnormal growth of Leu 1 B cells. AB - Production of B cell growth factor (BCGF) from B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B CLL) cells was demonstrated. Freshly isolated monoclonal B-CLL cells expressed surface mu, delta, B1, and Leu 1, but not Ba (an antigen expressed only on activated B cells). Upon stimulation with anti-IgM, they secreted BCGF, which could act on anti-IgM-stimulated autologous leukemic cells as well as anti-IgM stimulated normal B cells. Cell lines established from these leukemic cells also constitutively secreted BCGF. The BCGF from B-CLL cells or established cell lines induced neither proliferation nor enhanced HLA-DR expression in resting B cells. These results show the presence of B cell-derived BCGF, which is distinct from BSF-1 and effective only on activated B cells. They also suggest that an autocrine mechanism may operate in the growth of B-CLL cells. PMID- 3490497 TI - Bleeding/plaque ratio and the development of gingival inflammation. AB - In a recent publication, it was hypothesized that the ratio between bleeding and plaque scores may act as a prognostic indicator for periodontal breakdown. Furthermore, it was found that the rate of development of gingival inflammation in terms of bleeding on probing during experimental gingivitis is more rapid in patients susceptible to periodontal breakdown than in subjects insusceptible to periodontal breakdown. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the gingival reaction to dental plaque in an experimental gingivitis study in individuals without periodontal breakdown, having either a low or a high bleeding/plaque ratio. A group of 8 volunteers (18-23 years) with a low bleeding/plaque ratio and 7 volunteers (19-22 years) with a high bleeding/plaque ratio were selected. In both groups, an experimental gingivitis study of 23 days duration was carried out. Results showed that individuals with a high bleeding/plaque ratio developed significantly more clinical inflammation in terms of bleeding and swelling of the gingiva than individuals with a low bleeding/plaque ratio. After 23 days of plaque accumulation, gingival biopsies as well as supragingival plaque samples were taken from both groups. Phase-contrast microscopy of the plaque samples showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. Low %s of spirochetes and motile rods were found. Stereologic point counting procedures showed equal amounts of infiltrated connective tissue in both groups. However, significant differences in composition of the infiltrate appeared to be present. The high ratio group showed more IgA producing plasma cells and complement activation than the low ratio group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490496 TI - Actions of growth factors on plasma calcium. Epidermal growth factor and human transforming growth factor-alpha cause elevation of plasma calcium in mice. AB - Specific humoral substances produced and secreted by human tumors that cause hypercalcemia have not been identified. Certain growth factors (such as epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factors alpha and -beta) have been shown to stimulate the resorption of bone in organ culture by both prostaglandin-dependent and prostaglandin-independent pathways. In this report we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor and recombinant human transforming growth factor-alpha induce a significant rise in plasma calcium concentration when administered repeatedly to intact mice for periods ranging from 24 h to 16 d. The elevation of plasma calcium is not dependent on dietary calcium and is not invariably accompanied by an increase in systemic levels of the prostaglandin E2 metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin E2. The in vivo calcium-mobilizing activity of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha indicate that these or related growth factors need be considered as potential mediators of tumor-induced hypercalcemia. PMID- 3490498 TI - Clinical and acoustical variability in hypokinetic dysarthria. AB - Ten male patients with parkinsonism secondary to Parkinson's disease or progressive supranuclear palsy had clinical neurological, speech, and acoustical speech evaluations. In addition, seven of the patients were evaluated by x-ray computed tomography (CT) and (F-18)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Extensive variability of speech features, both clinical and acoustical, were found and seemed to be independent of the severity of any parkinsonian sign, CT, or FDG PET. In addition, little relationship existed between the variability across each measured speech feature. What appeared to be important for the appearance of abnormal acoustic measures was the degree of overall severity of the dysarthria. These observations suggest that a better understanding of hypokinetic dysarthria may result from more extensive examination of the variability between patients. Emphasizing a specific feature such as rapid speaking rate in characterizing hypokinetic dysarthria focuses on a single and inconstant finding in a complex speech pattern. PMID- 3490499 TI - Dentist use patterns for pit and fissure sealants and topical fluorides. AB - A survey of 2,800 general dentists from six licensing regions was conducted to determine the current rate of pit and fissure sealants and topical fluoride use. The response rate was 56 percent. Seventy percent of general dentists used sealants on newly erupted secondary teeth and 20 percent of general dentists had never used sealants. Sixty-five percent of general dentists used topical fluorides on pedodontic patients at six-months intervals and 25 percent used them at one-year intervals. Dentists with more frequent use of sealants tended to be recent graduates who used new procedures, spent more practice time in pedodontics, came from the central region, had a hygienist in their practice, and belonged to the Academy of General Dentistry. Dentists with more frequent use of topical fluorides tended to perform frequent recall examinations. Those who performed frequent recall examinations were more likely to come from Florida and the Southeast, to believe caries spread rapidly, to be recent graduates, and to have a greater percentage of patients with insurance. PMID- 3490500 TI - Basic mechanisms in the healing cutaneous wound. AB - The process of wound healing can be divided into substrate, proliferative, and remodeling phases. The basic biologic and physiologic events which transpire during these stages are examined in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on the interactions between platelets, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts in the healing wound. Recent advances in the roles played by interleukins, fibronectin, and epidermal growth factor are discussed. PMID- 3490501 TI - Modulation of natural killer cell function by human alveolar macrophages. AB - Lymphocyte natural killer (NK) activity appears to be important in resistance against viral infection and malignancy. Since pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) derived from nonsmokers suppress NK activity in vitro, we asked if PAM derived from smokers modulated NK activity in a similar fashion. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BLC) were obtained from healthy nonsmokers and healthy smokers by bronchoalveolar lavage. Increasing numbers of BLC were cocultured with a fixed ratio of monocyte-depleted peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and Cr51-labeled K562 tumor target cells (PBL:K562, ratio 25:1; BLC:PBL ratios ranging from 0.02:1 to 1:1). Increasing numbers of BLC progressively suppressed the ability of either autologous or homologous PBL to lyse tumor targets. Smoker and nonsmoker BLC inhibited NK activity of homologous lymphocytes with similar potency. Suppression of NK activity by BLC was not reversed by the addition of indomethacin or catalase to cell cultures. Furthermore, suppression could not be reproduced by performing cytotoxicity assays in the presence of BLC culture supernatants. Lymphocytes boosted to high levels of NK activity by preincubation with alpha interferon or interleukin-2 were still susceptible to suppression by BLC. Thus, PAM derived from smokers efficiently suppress lymphocyte NK activity, and the degree of suppression increases as the ratio of PAM to lymphocytes increases. Since smoking causes a bronchoalveolar accumulation of PAM, these inhibitory cells may result in profound local suppression of NK activity in smoker's lungs. PMID- 3490502 TI - Dietary supplement and food intake in women of childbearing age. AB - The relationship between dietary adequacy and supplement use was examined in 3,227 nonpregnant women aged 15 to 41 years from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twenty-five percent of the women used dietary supplements regularly; 67% of them consumed some form of multivitamin. Supplement users had a higher income and education, were more often white, had a leaner body composition, and were more likely to reside in the western United States than nonusers. Caloric intake of users and non-users was similar. However, independent of the supplements, the diets of supplement users contained significantly more dietary protein, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, and niacin than the diets of non-users. A considerable portion of both users and non-users had dietary intakes of less than 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C; however, a significantly greater proportion of supplement non-users had low intakes of iron and vitamin C. Supplement users generally consumed a more nutrient-dense diet and may be the individuals who least need supplements. PMID- 3490503 TI - New contact lens challenges: the epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. AB - This paper examines a "new frontier" in contact lens fitting. It integrates histopathological and slit lamp findings of the epithelial basement membrane dystrophies and relates them to various options in therapeutic and cosmetic contact lens treatment. It reviews new concepts regarding the incidence and etiology of the dystrophy. The risk benefit assessment of extended wear hydrogels and rigid gas permeable lens fitting is discussed. Case histories illustrate clinical successes. PMID- 3490504 TI - [An electronic visual aid using a luminance amplifier in night vision disorders]. AB - The efficiency of a light amplifier system for the improvement of night vision has been tested on 30 normal subjects and on subjects suffering from night blindness including 36 patients with pigmentary retinopathy, 18 myopic patients with night blindness and 12 patients with senile cataracts. In all cases, the scotopic vision presented a great improvement and it reached up to half of photopic vision. The use of the light amplifier would certainly provide a considerable improvement for subjects suffering from night blindness and mostly for those suffering from pigmentary retinopathy. But two conditions are necessary for this: miniaturization of the device and absence of major macular lesions in the patient. PMID- 3490505 TI - Cancer of the lung in central Indiana. PMID- 3490506 TI - Methodological aspects of assessing atmospheric contamination with metal aerosols in the vicinity of thermal power complexes. AB - A study of metal aerosols content in waste steam-containing gases from a thermal power station operating on oil fuel revealed that the concentrations of V2O5, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO2 and Cr2O3 are not influenced by the operational mode, type of boiler, the mean ratios being 1 : 0, 3 : 0, 27 : 0, 2 : 0, 03 : 0 and 0.25 respectively. Comparing the metal content in oil fuel and waste gases showed that no more than 10% of the studied compounds are sorbed on the boiler walls, the remaining 90% being released into the atmosphere. It is suggested that V2O5 be determined as an integral indicator with the aim of rapid hygienic assessment of the extent of atmospheric contamination with metal aerosols. The presented results may be used in preventive and regular sanitary surveillance during thermal power plant designing, construction and reconstruction. PMID- 3490507 TI - A role for steroid hormones in the variability of blood pressure determination. AB - Blood pressure variability was studied in eight patients with renovascular hypertension (group 1) and eight patients with hypertension and partial deficiency of adrenal zona fasciculata 11-hydroxylase (group 2). Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure were found to be higher in group 1 than in group 2 when measured at home (P less than 0.001), while no difference was measured when blood pressure was taken in the outpatient clinic. Heart rate was higher in group 1 than in group 2 both at home and in the clinic (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.05, respectively); a significant increase was observed only in the hospital clinic for group 2 (P less than 0.001). No difference in systolic function and left ventricular mass was found between the two groups. Finally, group 2 exhibited a significant increase (P less than 0.0001) in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure in the clinic, compared with that found at home, while group 1 showed a poor increase (P less than 0.05) in systolic blood pressure only. It is suggested that the enzymatic impairment of adrenal glands in group 2 may play a role in the disparity of blood pressure levels determined at home and in the outpatient clinic. Furthermore, our data suggest that differences in blood pressure measurement at home and in the hospital clinic should be taken into account when screening patients with partial deficiency of 11-hydroxylase. PMID- 3490508 TI - Derivation of cytotoxic T cell lines that express T cell receptor but exhibit reversible loss of stable antigen binding. AB - Stable cell lines lacking cytotoxic activity against specific target cells were derived from highly active murine CTL clones by the omission of antigen from the culture for several weeks. Several independent CTL clones cultured in the absence of antigen showed a gradual decline in cytotoxic activity, resulting in complete loss by 5 to 10 wk. Such noncytotoxic (NC) cells lacked the ability to form stable conjugates with specific target cells, but were able to kill all target cells tested in the presence of Con A. It was shown by subcloning at limiting dilution that all cells in the starting population were cytolytically active, and that all cells in the NC population derived from such a clone were cytolytically inactive against target cells bearing an appropriate antigen under normal assay conditions. By using the monoclonal antibody F23.1, which reacted with the antigen receptors of two of the CTL clones, it was shown that the NC cells derived from these clones continued to express the receptor at normal levels. Levels of expression of Thy-1.2, Lyt-2.2, and LFA-1 were also similar in all cytotoxic cell lines and their noncytotoxic derivatives. The F23.1 antibody induced an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in both CTL and NC cells, and NC cells lysed F23.1 hybridoma cells in the absence of Con A. When cells expressing appropriate target cell antigen were added back to cultures of NC cells, cytotoxic activity of appropriate specificity was fully recovered in 2 wk. These results indicate that expression of an apparently functional antigen receptor alone is insufficient for stable binding of CTL to specific target cells, and that other factors dependent upon antigen stimulation may be involved in the recognition process. A difference in affinity for antigen between CTL and NC cells is suggested as a possible explanation for these observations. PMID- 3490509 TI - Class I MHC antigens in the generation and expression of promiscuous cytotoxic cell function. AB - In recent years investigators from a number of laboratories have described antigen nonspecific, lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity generated by TCGF alone, in the absence of antigen or mitogen. The exact origin of the cells mediating this cytotoxicity, in either mouse or humans, is unknown. We found that when mouse spleen cells are incubated with higher than normal concentrations of TCGF, good levels of cytotoxicity toward allogeneic, NK, and untransformed self target cells are generated by day 5 or 6 in culture. We were unable to block the lysis of any of these target cells with antibodies to target cell class I antigens. However, generation of this cytotoxicity from naive spleen cells was very strongly blocked by anti-class I MHC antibodies. When T cells from spleen were extensively purified, they did not respond to TCGF at any concentration unless adherent cells were added back. Generation of cytotoxicity under these conditions was also blocked by class I antibodies. Generation of promiscuous killing activity by PMA and ionomycin, on the other hand, was class I independent. Our data suggest that pre-CTL, under the influence of TCGF, can be activated to CTL and that under the continued influence of TCGF can be driven into a so-called "promiscuous" state of cytotoxicity. Possible roles for class I antigens in this process are discussed. PMID- 3490510 TI - The type-specific capsular carbohydrate of Hemophilus influenzae B is a potent mitogen for murine B lymphocytes. AB - In this study we investigated the in vitro mitogenic properties of the capsular carbohydrate of Hemophilus influenzae b, polyribosylribitolphosphate (PRP). PRP was found to be a potent polyclonal activator of murine B lymphocytes. PRP induced normal B cells to undergo blastogenesis, DNA synthesis, and differentiation to IgM and IgG secretion. IgG3 accounted for the majority of the IgG. No PRP-specific antibody was detectable, indicating the polyclonal origin of the secreted immunoglobulin (Ig). T lymphocytes were neither activated by PRP nor required for B cell proliferation or Ig secretion. In addition, T cell-depleted spleen cells also depleted of accessory (A) cells by passage through Sephadex G 10 retained responsiveness to PRP. Trace lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination was not responsible for the mitogenic effect, as shown by the ability of C3H/HeJ spleen cells to proliferate in response to PRP and by the failure of polymyxin B to inhibit PRP-induced DNA synthesis. The B cell responses induced by PRP and LPS were similar with respect to T cell and A cell independence, to the magnitude of DNA synthesis, and to Ig secretion and the Ig isotypes expressed. These data, taken with the finding that the combination of optimal doses of PRP and LPS did not give an additive DNA synthetic response, indicate that PRP and LPS were activating similar B cell populations. However, in contrast to LPS, PRP was capable of inducing significant DNA synthesis in cultures containing as few as 1,000 B cells, suggesting that PRP-driven proliferation was less dependent on cellular interactions than the response to LPS. The differential ability of PRP and LPS to stimulate C3H/HeJ B cells and to stimulate B cell proliferation at low density indicates basic differences between these two mitogens in their mechanisms of B cell activation. PMID- 3490511 TI - Selective in vitro inhibition of an antibody response to purified acetylcholine receptor by using anti-idiotypic antibodies coupled to the A chain of ricin. AB - In vitro antibody responses by rat lymph node cells against purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were shown to be inhibitable by protein conjugates prepared with anti-idiotypic antibody and the toxic A chain of ricin. The idiotype specificity of the cytotoxicity was demonstrated by the inability of the same immunotoxin to inhibit an unrelated antibody response (anti-KLH) and by abrogation of specific toxicity in the presence of unconjugated anti-idiotype or antigen (AChR). Furthermore, immunotoxin prepared with an irrelevant antibody specificity failed to significantly inhibit either the anti-AChR or control antibody responses. Therefore, we suggest that idiotype-specific immunotoxins may be a useful addition or alternative to presently employed immunotherapies for autoimmune disease. PMID- 3490512 TI - Perturbation of the autoimmune network. II. Immunization with isologous idiotype induces auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies and suppresses the autoantibody response elicited by antigen: a serologic and cellular analysis. AB - We report on the humoral and cellular events following autologous immunization against an idiotype (Id62) borne on a murine monoclonal autoantibody to thyroglobulin, and their impact on the autoantibody response to thyroglobulin. BALB/c mice with a state of active auto-anti-idiotypic immunity and challenged with thyroglobulin in complete Freund's adjuvant 2 wk after the last immunization with idiotype were found to have a suppressed autoantibody response. This suppression could be adoptively transferred to syngeneic x-irradiated recipients by using whole spleen cells from idiotype-primed mice. Transfer of separate T and B lymphocyte populations proved instrumental in disecting humoral from cellular events and in establishing that whereas B cells were required for transferring an intact anti-idiotype antibody response, T cells from idiotype-primed mice were necessary to transfer suppression. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interrelationship between antigen, idiotype, and anti-idiotype in the immune response to self-antigens, and the role of certain idiotypes in regulating autoimmune responses. PMID- 3490513 TI - Immunologic effects of interferon-alpha in man: treatment with human recombinant interferon-alpha suppresses in vitro immunoglobulin production in patients with chronic type B hepatitis. AB - The effect of human recombinant interferon-alpha on lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation was studied in 18 patients with chronic type B hepatitis who were participating in a randomized controlled trial of interferon-alpha therapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained by lymphopheresis before and during a 4 mo course of interferon. Pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin synthesis by PBMC obtained from patients before therapy was similar to that of PBMC from normal individuals. However, after 2 wk treatment with human recombinant interferon-alpha mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production was decreased by an average of 50%. Staining for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin revealed decreases that paralleled secreted immunoglobulin, indicating that interferon alpha treatment inhibited immunoglobulin synthesis. Mixing autologous T and B cell enriched populations from before and during interferon treatment revealed that the decrease in immunoglobulin synthesis involved a defect in the B cell enriched population. In contrast to immunoglobulin synthesis, pokeweed mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation was not significantly affected by in vivo administration of interferon-alpha. Thus a major effect of in vivo interferon alpha on immunoregulation in patients with chronic type B hepatitis appears to be an inhibition of the late stages of B cell differentiation into immunoglobulin producing and secreting plasma cells. PMID- 3490514 TI - A short synthetic peptide fragment of human interleukin 1 with immunostimulatory but not inflammatory activity. AB - Short peptide fragments of human and murine interleukin 1 (IL 1) were synthesized on the basis of their predicted exposure on the surface of the molecule in an attempt to identify the minimal structure responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of IL 1. One of these peptides, a fragment of nine residues of human IL 1 beta (VQGEESNDK, fragment 163-171), showed high T cell activation capacity, as judged by its ability to stimulate murine thymocyte proliferation and to potently induce interleukin 2 production in spleen cells. On the other hand, the 163-171 peptide was devoid of prostaglandin-inducing capacity in vitro and pyrogenic activity in vivo, two inflammatory features peculiar to the entire hu IL 1 beta molecule. Thus we propose that this peptide may represent one of the portions of hu IL 1 beta responsible for its immunostimulatory capacity. PMID- 3490515 TI - Induction of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by a synthetic muramyl peptide (MDP): synergism with LPS and activity in C3H/HeJ mice and in endotoxin-tolerized mice. AB - Injection of MDP into mice induces a rapid elevation of monocyte-macrophage CSA in the serum. This effect can also be observed in LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice. MDP and LPS induce CSA synergistically in normal mice. In contrast to the tolerance that is rapidly observed after repeated administration of LPS, MDP does not lose its capacity of inducing serum CSA after repeated injections. Repeated daily injections of MDP also fail to induce tolerance to the LPS-CSA inducing effect. Furthermore, whereas mice rendered tolerant to LPS become hyporesponsive to many other bacteria or bacterial products, they remain responsive to MDP. These data showing that MDP can act synergistically with another CSA inducer, can be injected repeatedly, and can stimulate mice unresponsive to LPS suggest potentially important in vivo applications. PMID- 3490516 TI - Study of anti-DNA antibodies prepared by DNA cellulose or Cibacron blue chromatography. AB - We prepared anti-DNA antibodies from sera of lupus patients by either DNA cellulose or by Cibacron blue chromatography. Eluates from both columns were studied with respect to recovery of IgG, recovery, purification and specificity of anti-DNA activity. An attempt was made to raise rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies against both eluates. DNA cellulose chromatography--if DNA leakage was prevented--yielded 58% recovery and 58-fold purification of the anti-DNA activity present in the original purified IgG sample. 1% of loaded IgG was recovered. Cibacron blue chromatography yielded 32% recovery and 1.1-fold purification of the anti-DNA activity. 29% of loaded IgG was recovered. Eluates of Cibacron blue were not pure as shown by their high binding activity against an unrelated antigen, tetanus toxoid. Eluates from DNA cellulose were pure and did not show anti-tetanus toxoid activity. Rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies could be raised only against eluates of DNA cellulose suggesting that the eluates of Cibacron blue did not contain enough idiotypes to induce anti-idiotypic antibodies. The characterization of the rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies showed that it contained two populations, one against site-specific idiotypes and the other against framework idiotypes. Anti-DNA antibodies prepared by Cibacron blue had idiotypes similar to those prepared by DNA cellulose. The present study demonstrates that DNA cellulose chromatography--if leakage of DNA is prevented--can yield excellent recovery and purification of anti-DNA activity. Anti-DNA antibodies prepared by DNA cellulose were enriched and could induce anti-idiotypic antibodies in rabbits. Tube chromatography on Cibacron blue yielded poor recovery and minimal enrichment of anti-DNA activity. PMID- 3490517 TI - A rapid one-step multiwell tray test for release of soluble mediators. AB - A simple one-stage bioassay for testing the release of diffusible mediators from cells has been developed in a modified standard 96-well tissue culture tray. The method is based on connecting the adjacent wells containing the producer and the indicator cells, so as to allow free passage of the culture supernatant, but not of the cells, between the connected wells. This method obviates the use of semipermeable membranes, requires minimal numbers of producer cells, and allows the harvesting of replicate cultures by using standard cell harvesting equipment. PMID- 3490518 TI - An improved colorimetric assay for interleukin 2. AB - Mosmann's method for measuring the number of viable cells with a tetrazolium salt, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), was modified to make it possible to measure a large number of interleukin 2 (IL-2) samples at one time with less labor and more accuracy. Each step of the method was examined in detail and modified (the modified MTT method). An IL-2-dependent mouse natural killer cell line, NKC3, was used as an indicator cell line. The incubation period before adding MTT was reduced to 24 h, A solution of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-0.01 N HCl was used to dissolve the MTT formazan produced. We have compared the values obtained by the modified MTT method and the conventional [3H]thymidine method (3H-TdR method), and confirmed that the estimates of IL-2 content were almost equal. The variation of IL-2 content measured by both methods was within 5% in terms of the standard error. PMID- 3490519 TI - Electric current in healing of ununited fractures and osteomyelitis. PMID- 3490520 TI - Type I beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria: interactions with beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The interaction of type I beta-lactamases with diverse beta-lactam compounds representing cephalosporins, cephamycins, penicillins, penams, penems, carbapenems, monobactams, and clavams was examined by using various Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as sources of the enzymes. The ability of a given drug to reversibly induce beta-lactamase was unrelated to its ability to select mutants stably derepressed for beta-lactamase production. Imipenem was one of the most-potent enzyme inducers, yet it did not select derepressed mutants. Many of the newer cephalosporins were poor enzyme inducers but readily selected derepressed mutants. Resistance to hydrolysis did not predict a drug's inhibitory activity against derepressed mutants. The activity of the penems, penams, and carbapenems was least affected by derepression of beta lactamase, whereas the activity of anionic cephalosporins and aztreonam was most affected. PMID- 3490521 TI - Mechanisms of successful amoxicillin prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis due to Streptococcus intermedius. AB - Prophylaxis with amoxicillin (40 mg/kg) was studied in rats with aortic valve vegetations. Bacteria on the valves were quantitated early (10 min to 6 hr) and late (three days) after intravenous challenge with tolerant Streptococcus intermedius. Amoxicillin reduced by 40% the number of bacteria per valve 10 min after intravenous challenge with 10(5) S. intermedius (P less than .05) and by 74% the incidence of endocarditis three days thereafter (P less than .0001). Bacterial multiplication started 2 hr after challenge in control rats, whereas bacteria disappeared in 6 hr in amoxicillin-treated rats. Intravenous penicillinase 30 min after challenge abolished successful amoxicillin prophylaxis, a result demonstrating the necessity of prolonged growth inhibition for protection. Growth inhibition for 18 hr (two subsequent amoxicillin doses) was necessary for protection after intravenous challenge with 10(5) S. intermedius. Thus, in the absence of bacterial killing, inhibition of valvular colonization by amoxicillin was not as important a mechanism of endocarditis prophylaxis as was prolonged inhibition of bacterial growth, which allowed adherent bacteria to be cleared from the valves. PMID- 3490522 TI - Simultaneous administration of vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococci, and meningococci. PMID- 3490523 TI - [The influence of coronary collaterals on graft flow and early graft occlusion in aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3490524 TI - Stereocilia versus kinocilia Part II: The vestibular sensors. PMID- 3490525 TI - Vestibular abnormalities in patients with Bell's palsy. AB - In order to assess the extent of the underlying pathology in Bell's palsy, the vestibular function of 24 patients was evaluated within the first week from the onset of facial paralysis. Seven patients had pathological findings by ENG and an additional three had subjective vestibular signs; four of these ten patients also showed abnormal auditory brain stem evoked potentials. There was no correlation between the severity of the paralysis or the prognosis for recovery and the presence of vestibular abnormalities. PMID- 3490526 TI - The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Oto-neurological aspects. PMID- 3490527 TI - Drug information for patients. Duties of the manufacturer, pharmacist, physician, and hospital. PMID- 3490528 TI - Substitute consent. Reconciling negative treatment and consent to routine medical treatment. PMID- 3490530 TI - [The endothelium and arterial reactivity]. AB - Endothelial cells of the arterial wall can generate vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances. The prototype of a vasodilator substance formed primarily in the endothelium is prostacyclin, although its main target under physiological conditions are the platelets. In addition, the endothelial cells respond to a variety of neurohumoral mediators by the liberation of an unidentified substance(s) (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) with a potent inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle, presumably because it accelerates the production of cyclic GMP in the latter. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is very unstable, and has an extremely short half-life. It is inactivated by plasma proteins and thus does not fulfill a hormonal role. A metabolite of arachidonic acid may be involved in the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Among the neurohumoral mediators which release it are: acetylcholine (through activation of muscarinic receptors), adenosine di- and triphosphate (P2-purinergic receptors), bradykinin, histamine (H1- or H2 histaminergic receptors, depending on the species), serotonin (S1-serotonergic receptors), substance P, oxytocin, thrombin and vasopressin (V1-vasopressinergic receptors). The release of the factor can also be triggered by aggregating platelets (because they release adenine nucleotides and serotonin) and by increases in shear stress. It is likely that endothelium-dependent dilatation helps to prevent intraluminal coagulation in arteries with a normal intima. Absence, or dysfunction of the endothelium may favor the occurrence of vasospasm. Endothelium-dependent relaxations are reduced in atherosclerotic blood vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490529 TI - Women's reproductive rights. Is there a conflict with a child's right to be born free from defects? PMID- 3490531 TI - Immunologically relevant peptide antigen exists on the presenting cell in a manner accessible to macromolecules in solution. AB - Although studies of the association of antigen with APC have been complicated by antigen-processing requirements, recent studies have suggested that immunologically relevant antigen should be present on the APC surface. Nevertheless, blocking of antigen presentation with antibody to the antigen has not been demonstrable in most systems. To study this problem we developed a system using avidin to block presentation of amino-terminal biotinylated synthetic peptide 132-146 of sperm whale myoglobin (B132) to a murine T cell clone specific for this site in association with I-Ed. greater than 95% specific inhibition was observed with doses of B132 equipotent to unmodified peptide. Specific blocking could be observed: (a) after pulsing APC with antigen, washing, and incubating for a chase period of 8-16 h before addition of avidin and T cells to assure adequate time for intracellular trafficking and maximal display of antigen on the cell surface, or (b) when monensin is present during the antigen pulse to inhibit such traffic. Therefore, the inhibition appeared to be occurring at the cell surface unless dissociation and reassociation were constantly occurring. To distinguish these, B10.GD APC (I-Ed-negative) were pulsed with antigen and cocultured with B10.D2 APC (I-Ed-positive). No detectable antigen presentation resulted. Thus, minimal dissociation and reassociation between antigen and APC occurs and, consequently, blocking by extracellular solution phase binding of avidin to antigen is unlikely. Taken together, these data suggest that the blocking is occurring at the cell surface. Thus, under physiologic conditions, immunologically relevant antigen necessary for T cell activation appears to be present on the APC surface and is freely accessible to macromolecules the size of avidin. These findings hold specific implications for models of antigen presentation for T cell recognition. PMID- 3490532 TI - Identification of a unique tumor antigen as rejection antigen by molecular cloning and gene transfer. AB - Tumor-specific transplantation antigens are antigens that can lead to complete immunological destruction of a transplanted cancer by the syngeneic host. When such antigens are expressed on cancers induced by chemical or physical carcinogens, then they are usually unique, i.e., antigenically different for each independently induced tumor. In this study, we show that the product of a gene encoding a novel MHC class I molecule and isolated from the murine UV light induced regressor tumor 1591 represents one such unique tumor-specific transplantation antigen that causes tumor rejection. The major evidence comes from our finding that 1591 progressor variants regularly lost the gene encoding this antigen that is expressed in the parental tumor that regresses in normal mice; furthermore, reintroduction of this gene into a 1591 progressor variant by DNA transfection caused the progressor variant to regress in normal immunocompetent mice. Thus, the progressor tumor reverted to the parental regressor phenotype following transfection. Consistent with the conclusion that the expression of the novel MHC class I gene following transfection was responsible for the regressor phenotype is also our finding that a variant of the transfected tumor that had lost expression of the transfected gene resumed its progressive growth behavior. Finally, we show that the molecule encoded by the novel class I gene is specifically recognized by a syngeneic tumor-specific cytolytic T cell clone that we have previously shown to select in vitro for progressor variants from the parental regressor tumor cell line. It remains to be determined to what extent unique tumor-specific rejection antigens of other highly immunogenic regressor tumors are encoded by novel MHC class I genes and whether these genes represent germline mutations or somatic mutations caused by the carcinogen treatment. PMID- 3490533 TI - Idiotype variant cell populations in patients with B cell lymphoma. AB - Using isolated idiotype (Id) protein we generated panels of antibodies in two patients with follicular lymphoma, one of whom had never received prior chemo-or radiotherapy. Flow cytometry and frozen section tissue staining of tumor with these monoclonal antibodies (mAb) revealed multiple subpopulations within each tumor. Individual mAb stained between 7% and 83% of surface Ig+ cells in the tumor samples. These subpopulations were overlapping and no single antibody recognized all the tumor cells. However, combinations of antibodies seemed to capture total tumor in both cases. In some instances, the percentage of tumor stained by a single mAb varied over time, and differed between lymph nodes sampled at the same time. Because a single species of Id protein was used to generate mAb in each case, it appears that the antibodies were directed against idiotopes variably shared by different populations within each tumor, and this was confirmed by crossblocking studies. Tumor cells from one patient were fused to a nonsecreting heteromyeloma line K6H6/B5, and most of the resulting hybrids secreted Id protein. Four mAb were used to screen the Id proteins secreted by these hybrids, and 11 different variants (16 maximal) were found. Southern blot analysis of rearranged Ig genes was done in two hybrids and biopsy material. Identically rearranged light-chain genes were seen but it appeared as though extensive somatic variation had occurred in heavy chain genes. These studies indicate that: striking Id variation can exist at diagnosis in untreated patients, the percentage of tumor represented by an individual variant may change with time and may differ between tumor sampled from different anatomical locations, and somatic variation appears to be responsible for the observed heterogeneity. Although this degree of variation makes anti-Id antibody therapy more difficult, appropriate combinations of mAb should be more efficacious than single antibodies in such cases. PMID- 3490534 TI - Cyclosporine-induced autoimmunity. Conditions for expressing disease, requirement for intact thymus, and potency estimates of autoimmune lymphocytes in drug treated rats. AB - These studies explore the phenomenon of cyclosporine-induced autoimmunity in irradiated Lewis rats. We show that (a) the presence of a thymus is required, and autoimmune precursors develop in and exit from this organ to the peripheral lymphocyte pool within a 2-wk period after the initiation of cyclosporine treatment; (b) adoptive transfers of drug-induced autoimmunity to irradiated secondary recipients can be accomplished with relatively few cells of the Th subset, and these transfers of autoimmunity can be blocked by cotransfer of normal lymphoid cells; and (c) potency estimates, using popliteal lymph node assays in syngeneic and F1 recipients indicate similar levels of auto- and alloreactivity by cells from drug-induced autoimmune donors. These various findings indicate that this particular animal model may be useful for studies of the onset and control of autoimmunity, and they raise the possibility that the lack of autoimmunity in normal animals and its induction with cyclosporine may involve similar cellular mechanism as have been found to be operative in GVH reactions and specifically induced immunologic resistance to GVHD. PMID- 3490535 TI - Accumulation of natural killer and cytotoxic T large granular lymphocytes in the liver during virus infection. AB - The immunologic mechanisms involved in virus-induced hepatitis were examined by measuring the cytotoxic capabilities and the morphologic and antigenic phenotypes of leukocytes isolated from livers of virus-infected mice. Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) of both natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) phenotypes were found to accumulate in livers of mice infected with either the nonhepatotropic Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV ARM) or the hepatotropic WE strain (LCMV-WE). Between days 1 and 5 postinfection (p.i.), both viruses induced a three- to fourfold increase in NK cell lytic activity in the livers of C3H/St mice and a three- to fourfold increase in the number of LGL in the organ. These LGL were characterized as NK cells on the basis of cell surface antigens, kinetics of appearance, target cell range, and morphology. By day 7 p.i., virus-specific, H-2-restricted, Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, CTL activity was present in the liver, and its appearance correlated with a second wave of LGL accumulation. CTL activity, total leukocyte number, and CTL/LGL number were at least fivefold higher in the livers of mice infected with LCMV-WE than with LCMV-ARM. The dramatic LCMV-WE-induced day 7 increases in total leukocytes and LGL were absent in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, suggesting that the increases were T cell-dependent. LCMV-ARM infection of C57BL/6 mice induced significant spleen CTL activity but little liver CTL activity, whereas LCMV-WE infection resulted in significant liver CTL activity but minimal spleen CTL activity. Mice infected with the cytopathic hepatotropic viruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), experienced much greater increases in liver NK/LGL by day 3 p.i. than did mice infected with LCMV or injected with the interferon-inducer poly(I-C). MHV-infected mice homozygous for the beige (bg/bg) mutation also exhibited significant increases in liver NK/LGL cell number and activity, although the activity was less than heterozygote controls, and the morphology of the LGL granules was aberrant. These data show that the LGL accumulate in virus-infected organs, in this case, the liver. An early NK/LGL influx is most pronounced during infection with cytopathic hepatotropic viruses. This initial influx of NK/LGL is followed later by an influx of CTL also possessing LGL morphology. The CTL/LGL response in the liver is significantly greater during hepatotropic virus infections, even when a strong CTL response in the spleen is lacking. PMID- 3490536 TI - T cell clones specific for an amphipathic alpha-helical region of sperm whale myoglobin show differing fine specificities for synthetic peptides. A multiview/single structure interpretation of immunodominance. AB - The T cell response to sperm whale myoglobin in the H-2d haplotype has been shown to be largely focused on a limited region around glutamic acid 109 recognized in association with I-Ad. T cell clones 9.27 and 1.2 have been previously (4, 5) shown to reflect this specificity and MHC restriction. In this study we have used a panel of synthetic peptides from the region 102-118 of myoglobin to characterize the specificities of these representative clones. The segment from 106-118 was found to represent a consensus region for recognition by both clones. However, we saw significant differences between clones in the hierarchy of responsiveness to peptides within the panel. In as much as the peptide and the I Ad molecule remain constant, these differences derive from differences in how each T cell receptor interacts with the antigen. This peptide segment is an amphipathic alpha helix in native myoglobin, meaning that one side is hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic. It is one of the prototype cases that led us to find that amphipathic helices constitute the majority of immunodominant sites recognized by helper T cells (1). It is likely that the peptide will refold into an amphipathic helix stabilized by the interface at the surface of the presenting cell. When such secondary conformation is considered, these data are consistent with a model of multiple T cell specificities arising from multiple views of a single antigen conformation at a single Ia-binding site and do not require postulation of multiple conformations or binding sites. Additionally, the finding of distinct specificities suggests that the immunodominance of this site depends not on the dominance of a single clone, but on the focusing of a polyclonal response on a single region of the molecule in association with I-Ad. The immunodominance of this particular region of the protein may thus depend on intrinsic features of the site, such as potential to form an amphipathic helix, as well as extrinsic factors such as binding properties of the I-A molecule. PMID- 3490537 TI - Acute bronchitis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3490538 TI - The action of acetylcholine upon heart rate changes markedly with development in bullfrogs. AB - Dose-response curves for the action of acetylcholine (ACh) and its antagonist, atropine, upon heart rate in situ were made for three larval stages and adults of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The absolute magnitude of heart rate inhibition at any ACh concentration progressively increased throughout larval development. Unexpectedly, metamorphosis to the adult resulted in a sharp decrease in cholinergic cardiac sensitivity down to levels similar to the earliest larvae. Thus, cholinergic sensitivity of heart rate, reflecting properties of the cardiac pacemaker, is greatest immediately before metamorphosis and lowest in early larvae and adults. PMID- 3490540 TI - Maturational changes in Canadian adolescents' cognitive attitudinal structure concerning marijuana. AB - Thirty-four items concerning marijuana use were administered three times to a cohort of Canadian high school students between Grades 11 and 13, in 1977 (n = 439), 1978 (n = 419), and 1979 (n = 167). These items were designed to measure four distinct constructs: attitude, perceived peer approval or disapproval, concern about risks, and symbolic protest against conventional society. A cross sectional factor analysis of the Grade 13 data supported the hypothesized factor structure, as had earlier work with college students. However, analogous analyses on the Grade 11 and Grade 12 data contradicted the hypothesized factor structure. Most notably, separate factors for positive and negative attitude appeared in the Grade 11 and 12 analyses. The data were interpreted primarily in terms of maturational changes, largely through elimination of alternative interpretations by internal analyses and previous findings. Implications were discussed for adolescent cognitive-attitudinal development, attitude theory, and analysis of panel data. PMID- 3490539 TI - Cardiovascular responses to catecholamines at 12 degrees C in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - The effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol on blood pressure and heart rate were studied in cannulated American bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana. The bullfrogs were chronically cannulated with a T cannula in the right sciatic artery. In warm-acclimated (22 degrees C) bullfrogs, preinjection mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) prior to experimental treatment was 13.1 +/ 0.7 mm Hg. Preinjection heart rate was 34.8 +/- 1.8 beats per minute. These parameters were lower in cold-acclimated (12 degrees C) bullfrogs. Cold acclimated animals had mean SAP values of 8.2 +/- 0.3 mm Hg, and heart rate was 11.1 +/- 1.1 beats per minute. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine increased blood pressure to an equivalent degree in warm- and cold-acclimated animals. Dose-related decreases in heart rate in response to these catecholamines were observed in warm- but not in cold-acclimated bullfrogs. Warm-acclimated animals were more responsive to isoproterenol from 0.03 micrograms/kg body weight (bw) to 10 micrograms/kg bw than were cold-acclimated animals. The response to isoproterenol was effectively blocked by propranolol (5 mg/kg bw) in both warm- and cold-acclimated animals. Propranolol alone decreased mean SAP in both warm- and cold-acclimated animals, suggesting blockade of endogenous sympathetic activity. Beta receptor response thus appears diminished, but not absent at 12 degrees C. However, the alpha receptors responsible for elevation of blood pressure equally responsive at 12 degrees and 22 degrees C. PMID- 3490541 TI - Unemployment and depressive symptoms in a southern black community. AB - Research was conducted on the relationship between unemployment and mental health in a black community in the southern United States. Unemployment is known to have deleterious mental health effects, but little research has been conducted in minority communities where the risk of unemployment is greatest. In a cross sectional survey, unemployment was found to be significantly related to higher depressive symptoms, independently from demographic factors, chronic stressors, other life events, and resistance resources. Also, the effect of unemployment was exacerbated by low household income and the occurrence of other life events. These results support the conclusion that unemployment confers substantial risk for depressive affect. PMID- 3490542 TI - Ascending impairment of nociception in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - An ascending impairment of tail nociception is a previously undescribed clinical sign of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the rat. It occurs in EAE induced by inoculation with purified central nervous system (CNS) myelin basic protein (MBP) as well as with whole spinal cord. It is invariably present and consists of an absence of the vocalization response to noxious mechanical stimulation of the tail. This impairment of nociception evolves over 1-3 days, simultaneously with the development of tail weakness, and resolves more rapidly than the tail weakness. Light-microscopic, electron-microscopic and electrophysiological studies indicate that it is due to demyelination-induced conduction block in the small diameter myelinated afferent (A delta) fibres in the sacral and coccygeal dorsal root ganglia, dorsal roots and dorsal root entry zones. Unmyelinated fibres appear to be largely spared. PMID- 3490544 TI - Successful immunotherapy of mouse melanoma and sarcoma with recombinant interleukin-2 and cyclophosphamide. AB - Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2, courtesy of Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA, U.S.A.) is highly effective in eradicating syngeneic tumor when administered to C57BL/6 mice implanted with a nonimmunogenic, rapidly growing clone of B16 melanoma, or an immunogenic methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, 1-3 days, before beginning treatment at 5 X 10(4) U/injection daily for 5 days, and then on alternate days for 4 weeks. Low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY, 50 mg/kg), injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) 4 times at weekly intervals, greatly facilitated tumor eradication in rIL-2-treated mice. Most early subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors were cured by combining CY i.p. with repeated perilesional s.c. injections of rIL-2, i.e, 100% cure for 1-day and 87-91% for 3-day melanomas. When rIL-2 was administered without CY, the cure rate was 64% for 1-day and 67% for 3-day melanomas. This cure rate indicated a synergism between rIL-2 and CY, since CY alone did not affect tumor incidence. CY was therefore administered in all subsequent experiments. Treatment with rIL-2, localized to the site of the melanoma or sarcoma, was most effective, although systemic (i.p.) administration achieved results regardless of tumor site. When either tumor was implanted s.c. and rIL-2 treatment was also given s.c. locally, beginning 1-3 days later, 87 100% of the mice were cured, compared with 35-50% cured when rIL-2 was administered i.p., and 0% cured in excipient buffer-injected controls. Conversely, with i.p. treatment of i.p. tumors, 60-83% of the mice were tumor free on day 50, as compared with only 17% tumor-free if treatment was s.c. These in vivo model systems should prove useful in helping establish protocols for human therapy. PMID- 3490543 TI - Continuous infusion of T101 monoclonal antibody in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - We report results of 24-h continuous infusions of murine monoclonal antibody T101 in six patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 10 with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), at doses of 10, 50, 100, or 500 mg. Similar side-effects were seen in CLL and CTCL, including direct toxic effects of therapy, such as fever, sweats, and chilling, and a 30% frequency of allergic manifestations. In vivo binding of T101 to target cells in blood, skin, lymph nodes, tumor masses, and bone marrow was demonstrated. Antigenic modulation occurred rapidly in all cases, and persisted throughout the infusion period. Peak serum T101 levels for equivalent doses were somewhat higher, and persisted longer in CTCL, perhaps because of differences in the number of circulating target cells. Antimouse antibodies were demonstrated in 5 of 10 CTCL vs. 0 of 6 CLL patients. In all five cases, there was a substantial component of T101 specificity in the antimouse response. Brief objective clinical responses were observed in 4 of 10 CTCL and 2 of 6 CLL patients. Acute anti-tumor effects of T101 were substantially more dramatic in CTCL than CLL, but appeared limited by antigenic modulation and the emergence of antimouse antibodies. In view of the in vivo binding and modulation, more durable anti-tumor effects may be achievable with cytotoxic immunoconjugates of this monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3490546 TI - Nodal and paranodal structural changes in frog optic nerve during early Wallerian degeneration. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the nodal and paranodal regions of myelinated nerve fibres of frog optic nerves were studied during early stages of Wallerian degeneration. The earliest changes seen include retraction of paranodal loops of myelin from the axolemma and disconnection of paranodal myelin loops from myelin lamellae. These paranodal changes are asymmetric around the node and may be more advanced on either the proximal or distal side. Axoplasmic changes, including segregation of microtubules from neurofilaments, disorientation of microtubules and accumulation of abnormal organelles at nodes, appear shortly. In some axons the 'undercoating' along the widened nodal surfaces becomes patchy, and blebs appear in the nodal axolemma. In freeze-fracture replicas a mixture of particle clusters and particle-free areas appears in both E- and P-faces of the nodal axolemma. Blebs remain particle free. Initially, E-face particles remain segregated to the node and are present only at much lower concentrations in the demyelinated paranodal axolemma, suggesting that they are not freely mobile at this stage. Nodal E-face particles begin to decrease on day 5 associated with an increase in particles at the adjacent demyelinated paranode, and by day 11 the particle distribution is uniformly low over the entire extent of the nodal and demyelinated paranodal axolemma. If nodal E-face particles represent sodium channels, as has been proposed, the sequence of changes in Wallerian degeneration would be compatible with a gradual redistribution of nodal sodium channels into the demyelinated paranode. PMID- 3490545 TI - Phase I/II trial of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha one in HTLV-III seropositive subjects. AB - Forty-two male homosexuals and/or hemophiliacs with depressed helper/suppressor T cell ratios were treated with one of three different doses of thymosin fraction 5 (TF5, 30, 60, and 120 mg), or a single dose of thymosin Alpha One (TA1, 600 micrograms), by daily subcutaneous (SQ) administration for 10 weeks, followed twice weekly for 4 weeks. No major toxicity was noted for any of the preparations tested, although three subjects treated with TF5 had to discontinue therapy because of severe local skin reactions. Of the doses and preparations tested, only 60 mg TF5 was capable of significantly improving (p less than 0.02) mean T cell lymphoproliferative responses to alloantigens (MLR) for six HTLV-III seropositive subjects who were abnormal prior to therapy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects treated with 60 mg TF5 also exhibited a transient restoration of mean mitogen-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production to normal. No effects were observed with any of the four treatment regimens on absolute helper T-cell numbers, NK activity, antibody titers to HTLV-III, or in the expression of a variety of surrogate markers for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Four of the six seropositive subjects treated with 60 mg TF5 exhibited a return to depressed baseline MLR, after switching to twice weekly injections. With a median follow-up time of 20 months, six cases of AIDS developed. However, none of the five subjects whose MLR improved following treatment progressed to AIDS. We recommend daily subcutaneous (SQ) administration of 60 mg (40 mg/m2) TF5 for use in combined modality trials, along with drugs capable of suppressing replication of HTLV-III. PMID- 3490547 TI - Alterations in the ultrastructure of peripheral nodes of Ranvier associated with repetitive action potential propagation. AB - We have studied the structure of the node of Ranvier following physiological activation and electrophysiological monitoring. Our results indicate that some structures within the nodal complex undergo microanatomic alterations concomitant with repetitive impulse propagation. The experiments were designed to determine the nature and extent of the morphologic changes and any associated changes in the compound action potential. Frog dorsal roots were examined by thin-section electron microscopy after having been either implanted, but not stimulated ("0 Hz control"), or orthodromically activated for 15 min at frequencies of 2, 5, 20, or 50 Hz. Roots were either fixed immediately and processed for electron microscopy or were allowed to recover for periods of 15, 30, or 45 min prior to fixation. A change in nodal structure was found that correlates with the different stimulation regimens. Specifically, there was an increase in the size and number of (extracellular) paranodal intramyelinic vacuoles after stimulation at 20 or 50 Hz when compared both to the implanted nonstimulated controls and to fibers stimulated at low frequency (2 or 5 Hz). This morphologic change occurs in the vicinity of the nodal complex without similar alterations in the morphology of the internodal regions or changes in the dimensions of the nodal gap. This form of microanatomic changes is reversible and is not seen if stimulation is halted and the fiber bundle allowed to recover in Ringer's prior to processing for morphologic evaluation. Changes in the compound action potential (CAP) parallel this structural alteration. The CAP is seen to slow and decrease in amplitude through the 15 min stimulation phase and then to regain its velocity and amplitude during the recovery. When TTX was applied to the preparation during stimulation the CAP was abolished and changes in the paranodal structure were not observed. Structure-function relationships indicated by these results are discussed in the context of several dynamic aspects of nodal physiology. PMID- 3490548 TI - Spatial buffering of K+ by the retinal pigment epithelium in frog. AB - Using K+-specific microelectrodes in the isolated retinal pigment epithelium preparation from frog eye, we have examined changes in extracellular K+ in the unstirred layer between the choroid and basal membrane. We found, using agents to depolarize apical and basal membranes, that membrane potential modulates K+ efflux from the basal membrane into the choroid. [K+] in the choroid was found to be higher than in the bathing medium. From the basal (scleral) surface of the choroid to the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium, [K+] increased from 2 mM (bath concentration) to an average of 2.84 mM near the basal membrane. When [K+] was increased on the apical side, epithelial membranes depolarized and produced [K+] efflux from the basal membrane that led to an increase in choroidal [K+]. Ba2+, 2 mM, ouabain, 0.1 mM, also evoked increases in choroidal [K+] concomitant with membrane depolarization. Thus, apical Na+/K+ pump transport and K+ leakage due to tissue damage were eliminated as possible sources of observed increases in choroidal [K+] since apical Ba2+ and ouabain depolarize epithelial membranes without increasing apical [K+]. The effects of depolarizing agents were blocked by basal Ba2+, demonstrating the requirement for a large K+ conductance at the basal membrane. Theoretical analysis shows that shunt resistance and isolation of apical and basal compartments are limiting factors in the transfer of K+. In the retinal pigment epithelium, shunt resistance favors the transfer of electrical potentials between membranes while the paracellular pathway selectively impedes movement of K+ between compartments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490549 TI - Direct intracavernous obliteration of high-flow carotid-cavernous fistulas. AB - Four cases of high-flow carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF), three of them posttraumatic and one spontaneous, have been treated by a direct surgical approach to the cavernous sinus. The CCF's were obliterated by the introduction into the cavernous sinus of muscle fragments and/or fibrin sealant. In the three cases with a preoperatively patent internal carotid artery (ICA), the CCF was occluded and the ICA flow preserved. One of these also had a posttraumatic false aneurysm that enclosed the two avulsed ends of a transected intracavernous ICA. This was treated by cervical ICA ligation following resolution of the CCF. A fourth patient, who had previously undergone an unsuccessful ICA trapping procedure elsewhere, also obtained a good result. The case histories and the surgical technique are presented. Direct intracavernous obliteration with muscle fragments and fibrin sealant fulfills the criteria for treatment of high-flow CCF's: occlusion of the arteriovenous fistula and preservation of the ICA circulation. While this surgical technique is a therapeutic option in some cases, it appears to have precise indications in others. PMID- 3490550 TI - Spontaneous cerebellar hematoma associated with chronic cerebellar stimulation. Case report. AB - A 24-year-old man developed a spontaneous cerebellar hematoma 5 years after the implantation of cerebellar electrodes. No vascular malformations were found either intraoperatively or radiographically. The histopathological findings of the cerebellar tissue obtained at biopsy from the region surrounding the electrodes support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between the spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage and chronic cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 3490552 TI - Non tumoral aqueduct stenosis. Multiple microscopic subependymal glial protuberances demonstrated at hystological examination. AB - A case of hydrocephalus associated to aqueduct stenosis is described. The microscopic examination showed aqueduct gliosis which was not possible to distinguish congenital or acquired. PMID- 3490551 TI - Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Etiology and treatment. AB - Etiology, mechanism and treatment remain controversial in aqueductal stenosis. The review of 114 cases operated on between 1975 and 1982 in the Service of Pediatric Neurosurgery of "Les Enfants-Malades" in Paris was undertaken with the hope of improving our understanding of these problems. Toxoplasmosis was in our series the most frequent etiology, accounting for 15% of the cases; 74% of the aqueductal stenoses in this series were of unknown origin. In two cases, a small arachnoid cyst, developed in contact with the ambient cistern, was the cause of the aqueductal stenosis. In about half of the 32 pneumoencephalograms performed, a rounded, dilated ambient cistern was found. No such dilatation was observed in 35 pneumoencephalograms performed in cases of communicating hydrocephalus. It is likely that some cases of aqueductal stenoses are the consequence of a compression of the brain stem by an overpressurized ambient cistern, whether communicating or not with the subarachnoid spaces. Although the ventricular volume is less reduced after percutaneous ventriculostomy than after shunting, the long term results of the two treatments are comparable. The risk of infection is lower with ventriculostomies, but the rate of failures is higher. Since ventriculocisternostomy is a safe procedure when patients are properly selected, it can be tested first, a shunt being inserted at a later time in case of failure. PMID- 3490553 TI - Disendocrine manifestations during non tumoral aqueductal stenosis. AB - Disendocrine manifestations during aqueductal stenosis are more and more frequently reported in literature. In the present study, 20 cases of benign aqueductal stenosis associated with disendocrine features as amenorrhea, obesity, polydipsia and polyuria, dwarfism, acromegalic features, hypogonadism, precocious puberty, gigantism are stressed. Authors discuss clinical findings and pathogenetic hypothesis on the base of endocrine, neurological and peculiar radiological features with the support of a wide literature review. PMID- 3490555 TI - Sensitivity of positron detection for a pair of opposed detectors compared with ring scanners using image reconstruction. PMID- 3490554 TI - Fundamentals of 180 degree acquisition and reconstruction in SPECT imaging. AB - The accuracy of the reconstructed images obtained from a 180 degrees SPECT acquisition is directly related to the effects of resolution and attenuation in the acquired projection data. Computer simulation studies show that the tomographic point spread functions and the quality of 201Tl myocardial perfusion transaxial images depend upon the specific 180 degrees arc used for reconstruction. Significant distortions are predicted in 201Tl myocardial images reconstructed from both 180 degrees and 360 degree scans; with signal to noise being significantly better for 180 degree scans. An anterior 180 degrees scan with a starting angle between right lateral and 45 degrees RAO in 201Tl myocardial imaging is recommended. Reconstructed images acquired from 180 degrees and 360 degree elliptical orbits are predicted to show more distortion than those obtained from circular acquisitions. PMID- 3490556 TI - Image distortion in 180 degree SPECT studies. PMID- 3490557 TI - Prevalence of Legionella pneumophila infection in Oklahoma. PMID- 3490558 TI - Use of an electronic stimulator for the treatment of dry mouth. AB - This paper presents an innovative approach to the treatment of xerostomia through normal physiologic mechanisms with a device that provides electrical stimulation to the oral and pharyngeal afferent nervous system; the result is a reflex volley of efferent impulses to the salivary glands, causing salivation. The device has been successful in treating xerostomic patients regardless of the etiology of their dry mouths. PMID- 3490560 TI - Antigenuria after Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide immunization: a prospective study. PMID- 3490561 TI - Induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in murine spleen cells treated with various mitogens. AB - The correlation between murine lymphocytes blastoid transformation and alkaline phosphatase (AL-P) activity was examined. When murine spleen cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, a B cell mitogen, for 48 h, the AL-P activity was induced in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, stimulation of the spleen cells with Concanavalin A (Con A), a T cell mitogen, induced the AL-P activity. However, when the thymocytes were treated with Con A, only the [3H]dThd uptake was increased. Other B cell mitogens, such as lipid A and fungal B cell mitogens, and T cell mitogen, Pusum sativum agglutinin (PSA) also induced the AL-P activity of spleen cells. Kinetics of [3H]dThd uptake and induction of AL-P was similar. Correlation coefficients between [3H]dThd uptake and AL-P activity were r = 0.98789, p less than 0.01 for LPS, r = 0.99530, p less than 0.01 for lipid A and r = 0.62595, p less than 0.001 for the fungal B cell mitogens. The AL-P activity of the spleen cell was also induced by treatment with Con A sup, which was a supernatant fluid prepared by spleen cell cultured with Con A for 48 h, containing various lymphokines. These findings suggest that the AL-P activity was induced in the case of B lymphocyte blast transformation when stimulated directly with B cell mitogen or indirectly via lymphokines with T cell mitogen. Measurement of the AL-P activity would be a useful method to assay murine blastoid lymphocytes. PMID- 3490559 TI - Hypercalcemia in infants with congenital hypothyroidism and its relation to vitamin D and thyroid hormones. AB - The circulating concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolites were measured in 25 infants (fifteen to 30 days of age) with congenital hypothyroidism before treatment or during the first 6 months of thyroxine therapy. Five of the children before treatment and four during the early 3 months of treatment had mild hypercalcemia (10.8 to 12.4 mg/dl). Hypercalcemia before treatment did not appear to be related to the vitamin D status of the infant nor to an alteration in vitamin D metabolism, but to the presence of a residual thyroid secretion. In contrast, hypercalcemia during thyroxine therapy was related to vitamin D supplementation, even though the serum calcium concentration could not be correlated with the circulating concentration of any of the vitamin D metabolites assayed and obvious changes in vitamin D metabolism could not be demonstrated. PMID- 3490562 TI - Depletion of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by capsaicin in cerebral arteries. AB - Effects of capsaicin in vivo and in vitro on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerves were examined in cerebral arteries. CGRP-like immunoreactive (CGRP-I) nerves were demonstrated in cerebral arteries of rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. The overall distribution of CGRP-I nerves was similar to that of substance P-containing nerves. Since the distribution of CGRP-I nerves of cerebral arteries among these species was the densest in guinea pigs, this animal was used to study the effect of several treatments on CGRP-I nerves. Catecholamine (CA)-fluorescence but not CGRP-I nerves was abolished by surgical sympathectomy or reserpine pretreatment. Pretreatment of the animal with capsaicin abolished CGRP-I nerves of cerebral arteries. CGRP-like immunoreactivity disappeared from cerebral arteries by in vitro incubation with capsaicin. Capsaicin treatment in vivo and in vitro did not affect CA fluorescence nerves in these arteries. Since capsaicin selectively affects primary afferent nerves, it is suggested that CGRP is contained in sensory nerves. Capsaicin may be a valuable tool in elucidating the physiological or pathophysiological role of CGRP in cerebral circulation. PMID- 3490563 TI - Long-term results with Choyce-Tennant anterior chamber intraocular lens implants. AB - A consecutive series of 200 Choyce-Tennant rigid anterior chamber intraocular lens implants is reported. The minimum follow-up was four years. Eighty-six percent of patients had 20/40 or better visual acuity at their most recent office visit. Low-grade but persistent inflammation required prolonged use of mild topical steroid drops in approximately 40% of patients. The most serious lens related complication was pupillary block which occurred in 15 patients (7.5%). There was a year-by-year increase in the number of patients with elevated intraocular pressure, with 14 (7.0%) requiring glaucoma treatment by the seventh year postoperatively. PMID- 3490564 TI - Scanning electron microscopy study of experimental intraocular lens implantation in the rabbit eye. AB - Extracapsular surgery was performed on a rabbit eye for implantation of a lobster claw or iris-bridge type intraocular lens (IOL). The incision was closed with stainless steel-vanadium sutures of 50 micron diameter. Two months after implantation, one pincer of the lens became detached from the iris, causing an intermittent IOL-endothelial touch of four months duration. It resulted in endothelial disruption with localized breaks in Descemet's membrane. Six months after implantation, the IOL and the entire anterior segment were removed and processed for scanning electron microscopy. The lobster-claw lens had been covered partly with a membrane, composed of different types of cells with many microvilli, particularly in the vicinity of the loophole of the intact iris bridge. The sutures were almost completely covered with somewhat irregular endothelial cells and an intact Descemet's membrane. At isolated spots where the covering was incomplete, elongated cells with many microvilli bordered the open areas. At the site of breaks, Descemet's membrane was denuded and in the process of being repopulated with cells. At places of minor disruption, elongated and triangular-shaped endothelial cells, often having many microvilli and interconnections with philopodia-like extensions, were about to cover the "wounded" area. PMID- 3490566 TI - Implantation techniques and experience with percutaneous intramuscular electrodes in the lower extremities. AB - Innervated paralyzed muscles have been implanted with temporary percutaneous intramuscular electrodes in order to allow selective stimulation of as many muscles as necessary to achieve a cosmetically acceptable and energy-efficient gait in paraplegic subjects. Fine wire electrodes were implanted under sterile conditions at the motor points (MP) of hip extensors, flexors, abductors and adductors; knee extensors; and ankle plantar- and dorsi-flexors. Electrodes were routed to the MP's from one of four skin sites on the legs where the wires emerged. Employed were both a direct approach from the skin site to the MP and an indirect approach which involved one or more subcutaneous passages of the electrode wire from the MP to the skin site. Muscles were stimulated approximately 12 hours per week in daily electrical exercise and gait training. Electrodes were removed when they exhibited one of two types of failure: breakage, as determined by high impedance, or loss of adequate function as a result of electrode movement. Of 1025 electrodes implanted in 6 subjects over a period of 38 months, 35 percent failed within the first 4 months; more than 75 percent of those early failures resulted from electrode movement. Complete withdrawal of those electrodes was usually possible. The probability of electrode failure decreased exponentially during the first 4 months and reached less than 4 percent per month for electrodes implanted for longer than 6 months. These procedures have allowed multiple revisions toward a more functional neuro orthotic system. PMID- 3490565 TI - The effects of calcium entry blockade on the vulnerability of infarcted canine myocardium toward ventricular fibrillation. AB - The effects of the calcium entry blockers diltiazem, KB-944 [diethyl 4 (benzothiazol-2-yl)benzylphosphonate] and bepridil on the vulnerability of ischemically injured myocardium toward fibrillation were determined in urethane anesthetized dogs 4 to 7 days after anterior myocardial infarction. Diltiazem (3.0-30.0 micrograms/kg/min X 30 min), KB-944 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) and bepridil (1.0 10.0 mg/kg) were administered i.v. to produce equivalent increases in atrioventricular nodal effective and functional refractory periods as a measure of slow calcium channel blockade. At dosages producing equivalent increases in atrioventricular nodal refractoriness, diltiazem and KB-944 failed to increase the electrical current threshold required to produce ventricular fibrillation, whereas bepridil elevated the fibrillation threshold from 4.2 +/- 0.5 mA predrug to 14.7 +/- 2.2 mA postdrug (P less than .01). Increases in atrial (128 +/- 6-185 +/- 29 msec, P less than .01) and ventricular (156 +/- 4-175 +/- 6 msec, P less than .05) refractory periods accompanied the increase in fibrillation threshold with bepridil. These findings suggest that calcium entry blockade per se does not reduce ventricular vulnerability toward fibrillation in the setting of recent myocardial infarction. PMID- 3490568 TI - Biomechanical and physiological evaluation of FES-activated paraplegic patients. AB - Four paraplegic patients with traumatic upper motor neuron lesions at the spinal levels between D5 and D12 were activated by functional electrical stimulation (FES) and evaluated biomechanically and physiologically. After a training program aimed at strengthening the muscles of the lower legs, the patients were able to stand up, maintain the standing position, and walk for short distances while being supported. Biomechanical evaluation included weight bearing on the patients' own legs during standing as measured on a force platform and analysis of the time-distance parameters of the stride during walking as measured on a walkway. Physiological evaluation included heart rate and oxygen consumption at rest, when activated by FES in the sitting position, during standing, and during walking. The results obtained indicate that while significant standing and walking performances are achieved, the corresponding physical effort can reach relatively high levels requiring the support of anaerobic energy sources. The practical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3490567 TI - Electrostimulation of erection and ejaculation and collection of semen in spinal cord injured humans. AB - An electrostimulation system developed for early research with humans and the great apes, and a new constant-current stimulator specifically developed for human use, have been employed in studies with paraplegic men to produce erection and semen release by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE). Catheter techniques for antegrade collection of the semen, uncontaminated by urine, have also been applied with moderate success. Details of the electronic instrumentation and catheter techniques are given. The procedure used with the patients and electrostimulation and semen collection results are presented. PMID- 3490569 TI - Transhepatic embolisation of oesophagogastric varices in the treatment and prevention of bleeding from varices in patients with chronic liver disease. PMID- 3490570 TI - 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency in genetic females. A report of two cases. AB - Endocrine studies were performed on two genetic females with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. Both patients had primary amenorrhea and no development of secondary sexual characteristics. One patient had only mild hypertension, whereas the second had severe hypertension. Both patients had increased levels of progesterone. Their levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and all other steroids that require 17-hydroxylation were low. The gonadotropin levels were in the menopausal range. Ovarian biopsy revealed follicles in various stages of development; many were cystic. Combined glucocorticoid and estrogen therapy resulted in breast development and lowering of blood pressure. Development of pubic hair occurred only after testosterone therapy. PMID- 3490571 TI - Anti-DNA antibodies react with DNA expressed on the surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes. AB - It is becoming increasingly apparent that nuclear antigens can be expressed on the surfaces of certain cells. We provide evidence that anti-DNA antibodies are reactive with DNA on the surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes. The DNA isolated from monocytes sedimented in a 17.8S position, corresponding to a molecular weight of 4.6 X 10(6); it was mainly double-stranded with many short single stranded regions. In one patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus experiments indicated that anti-DNA antibodies had interacted in vivo with the cell surface DNA on monocytes. The functional significance, if any, of these findings remains to be determined. PMID- 3490572 TI - In vivo activation of lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Spontaneous in vivo proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and T and B lymphocytes from 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 20 healthy individuals and 13 patients with psoriatic arthritis was evaluated. PBM, T (E+) and non-T (E-) cells from patients with active RA proliferated significantly more than the same populations from healthy individuals and patients with inactive RA. In contrast, only E+ cells from PSA patients showed a trend to increased proliferation relative to healthy individuals. AET treated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) inhibited 3HTdR incorporation of highly profilerating PBM of active RA patients. The data suggest in vivo activation of both B and T cells in patients with clinically active RA. PMID- 3490573 TI - Circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study using five immunoassays. AB - We evaluated 257 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to determine the frequency of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the serum, relationships between the presence of CIC, clinical indices of disease activity and other laboratory features, and relationships between changes in CIC levels and changes in disease activity. CIC were detected by fluid phase Clq binding activity, conglutinin binding activity, anti-C3 assay, staphylococci protein A binding assay and the precipitation of cryoglobulins. CIC in the serum were found to correlate with indices of disease activity, extraarticular features and the presence of rheumatoid factor. A change in Clq binding activity correlated with a parallel change in the joint count. PMID- 3490574 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of piroxicam. AB - Piroxicam is readily absorbed after oral administration. Food and antacids have been shown not to interfere with its bioavailability. Piroxicam is highly bound (approximately 99%) to plasma proteins and has a small distribution volume (approximately 10 l). Despite its high plasma binding, the drug readily penetrates into synovial fluid. Piroxicam has a long elimination half-life of about 50 h. Elimination of the parent drug is mainly the result of biotransformation. The elimination of piroxicam is impaired in some elderly patients, resulting in a high interindividual variability in average steady state levels following a standard 20 mg/day dosage regimen. PMID- 3490575 TI - Modification of a screening technique to evaluate systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population in Taiwan. AB - Several recent reports have suggested that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be more common in Chinese than in other populations. We have revised a validated questionnaire devised by Liang, et al, for use in Chinese and surveyed 1,836 people in a community survey and 2,000 students at a girls college in Taipei, Taiwan. This constitutes the largest population yet surveyed with this technique. Only 1 case of probable SLE was identified. Since many apparent normals gave the 3 positive responses suggested to require ANA screening, continued effort should be directed toward increasing survey specificity before the massive population surveys needed to calculate accurate prevalence. PMID- 3490576 TI - More on ankylosing spondylitis and HLA-B27. PMID- 3490577 TI - Incidence of conjunctival colonization by bacteria capable of causing postoperative endophthalmitis. AB - Increased awareness of the range of pathogens capable of causing postoperative endophthalmitis prompted a study of the conjunctival flora in 100 patients admitted for intraocular surgery. Bacteria capable of causing endophthalmitis were present in 74% of these patients, a much higher proportion than previously documented. No correlation was found with blockage of the nasolacrimal duct. PMID- 3490578 TI - Loss of ciliary activity in organ cultures of rat trachea treated with lipo oligosaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Organ culture of rat trachea was used as an experimental model to examine the ability of lipo-oligosaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae to damage respiratory tract mucosal tissue. Lipo-oligosaccharide from two strains of H. influenzae produced a significant decrease in the ciliary activity of tracheal rings observed over a 3-5 day period. No loss of ciliary activity was observed with the lipid-free moiety of the lipo-oligosaccharide. PMID- 3490579 TI - Determination of sequestrum activity by SPECT with CT correlation in chronic osteomyelitis of the head and neck. AB - Use of single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with Tc 99m HDP for localization of an active sequestrum in a case of chronic head and neck osteomyelitis is described. Correlation with x-ray computed tomography (CT) for anatomy was helpful for surgical debridement. The potential of the complementary roles of SPECT and CT in chronic head and neck osteomyelitis for assessing sequestrum activity and anatomy prior to surgery is discussed. PMID- 3490580 TI - Effects of nonleukemogenic and wild-type Moloney murine leukemia virus on lymphoid cells in vivo: identification of a preleukemic shift in thymocyte subpopulations. AB - Infection of mice with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) as well as with a nonpathogenic variant, Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV, was studied. Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV differs from wild-type M-MuLV by the addition of enhancer sequences from polyomavirus in the long terminal repeat. Previous experiments indicated that Mo+PyF101 establishes infection in animals, even though it does not induce disease. In vivo infection studies with particular attention to the thymus were performed, since the thymus is the target organ for M-MuLV leukemogenesis. Mice inoculated at birth with wild-type M-MuLV developed maximal levels of thymic infection by 2 to 3 weeks. Animals inoculated with Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV showed considerably less thymic infection at early times (2 to 4 weeks); nevertheless, by 5 to 6 weeks infection equivalent to wild-type M-MuLV-inoculated animals developed. Therefore the nonpathogenicity of Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV did not simply reflect a lack of thymotropism. Furthermore, thymic infection by itself may not be sufficient to induce leukemia. The relative deficit of Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV thymic infection at early versus late times did not reflect a change in the nature of the cells in the thymus, since in vitro infection of primary thymocytes from 2- and 6-week-old animals was equally efficient. One possible explanation is that infected thymocytes normally arise from progenitor cells which were infected in the bone marrow or spleen, and the cells restricted for Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV are located in those organs. Comparison of wild-type and Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV also allowed identification of important preleukemic changes in the thymus of wild-type M-MuLV inoculated mice. Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies specific for thymocyte subpopulations was used. Staining of cells for Thy-1 or Thy-1.2 antigens indicated a shift toward low or negative cells. A concomitant increase in cells positive for antigen Pgp-1 was also observed. This is consistent with an increase in the relative frequency of immature blastlike cells. Importantly, thymuses from mice inoculated with Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV did not show these shifts in thymocyte subpopulations. PMID- 3490581 TI - Relationship between mitogenic activity of influenza viruses and the receptor binding specificity of their hemagglutinin molecules. AB - The relationship between the mitogenic activity of influenza type A viruses for murine B lymphocytes and the receptor-binding specificity of their hemagglutinin was examined. Receptor-binding specificity was determined by the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes that had been sialidase treated and then enzymatically resialylated to contain sialyloligosaccharides with defined sequences. Distinct differences in receptor-binding specificity were observed between strongly and weakly mitogenic viruses of the H3 subtype, with strong mitogenic activity correlating with the ability of the virus to recognize the sequence N-glycolylneuraminic acid alpha 2,6 galactose (NeuGc alpha 2,6Gal). Viruses isolated early in the evolution of the H3 subtype (from 1968 to 1971) are relatively weak mitogens and recognize the sequence N-acetylneuraminic acid alpha 2,6 galactose (NeuAc alpha 2,6Gal) but not NeuGc alpha 2,6Gal. H3 viruses isolated since 1972 are strongly mitogenic, and these viruses recognize both NeuGc alpha 2,6Gal and NeuAc alpha 2,6Gal. The amino acid substitution of Tyr for Thr at residue 155 of HA1 may be critical to this change in receptor-binding specificity and mitogenic activity of the later H3 viruses. Horse serum-resistant variants of H3 viruses, which bind preferentially to the sequence NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal, are poorly mitogenic. Differences were also observed between the receptor binding specificity of the strongly mitogenic H3 viruses and viruses of the H2 and H6 subtypes, the mitogenic activity of which is limited to strains of mice that express the class II major histocompatibility complex glycoprotein I-E. The results indicate that the receptor-binding specificity of the hemagglutinin plays a critical role in determining the mitogenic activity of influenza viruses. PMID- 3490583 TI - Effects of mutations within the 3' orf open reading frame region of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) on replication and cytopathogenicity. AB - Mutations that eliminated the ability of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III to produce the 27-kilodalton 3' orf product did not eliminate the ability of the virus to replicate in and kill T4+ cells. A mutant carrying a mutation that deleted carboxy-terminal sequences from the envelope gene as well as the 3' orf sequences retained the ability to kill T4+ lymphocytes, but had a retarded replication rate. PMID- 3490584 TI - Prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urological symptoms in the noninstitutionalized elderly. AB - The prevalences of urinary incontinence, difficulty in bladder emptying and irritative bladder symptoms are not known in the noninstitutionalized elderly in this country. A survey, consisting of a multi-stage probability sample of 13,912 households, was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan to estimate these prevalences. A total of 1,955 senior citizens 60 or more years old was interviewed. The prevalences of urinary incontinence, difficult bladder emptying and irritative bladder symptoms were 18.9, 22.1 and 11.8 per cent, respectively, in men, and 37.7, 10.8 and 17.4 per cent, respectively, in women. Urinary incontinence was significantly more prevalent among all respondents with bladder emptying and irritative symptoms than those without such symptoms (p less than 0.001). The frequency of voiding was significantly increased among respondents with incontinence, or emptying or irritative symptoms compared to asymptomatic respondents (p less than 0.001). These survey data are of importance to senior citizens, care providers and governmental agencies. PMID- 3490585 TI - Type B Hemophilus influenzae epididymo-orchitis in the prepubertal boy. AB - The ninth pediatric case of type B Hemophilus influenzae epididymo-orchitis is reported and the literature is reviewed. This is a manifestation of systemic infection and these children often are toxic at presentation. Scrotal fluid cultures may be sterile if inappropriate culture media are used. The urinary tract is not the primary source of infection and radiographic correlation has not proved to be valuable. Antibiotic therapy may need to be prolonged in selected cases. Testicular atrophy has not been noted in these children at followup. PMID- 3490582 TI - Acceptor sites for retroviral integrations map near DNase I-hypersensitive sites in chromatin. AB - Seven cellular loci with acceptor sites for retroviral integrations have been mapped for the presence of DNase I-hypersensitive sites in chromatin. Integrations in three of these loci, chicken c-erbB, rat c-myc, and a rat locus, dsi-1, had been selected for in retrovirus-induced tumors. Of the remaining four, two, designated dsi-3 and dsi-4, harbored acceptor sites for apparently unselected integrations of Moloney murine leukemia virus in a Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced thymoma, and two, designated C and F, harbored unselected acceptor sites for Moloney murine leukemia virus integrations in a rat fibroblast cell line. Each acceptor site mapped to within 500 base pairs of a DNase I hypersensitive site. In the analyses of the unselected integrations, six hypersensitive sites were observed in 39 kilobases of DNA. The four acceptor sites in this DNA were localized between 0.05 and 0.43 kilobases of a hypersensitive site. The probability of this close association occurring by chance was calculated to be extremely low. Hypersensitive sites were mapped in cells representing the lineage in which integration had occurred as well as in an unrelated lineage. In six of the seven acceptor loci hypersensitive sites could not be detected in the unrelated lineage. Our results indicate that retroviruses preferentially integrate close to DNase I-hypersensitive sites and that many of these sites are expressed in some but not all cells. PMID- 3490586 TI - Leads from the MMWR. New recommended schedule for active immunization of normal infants and children. PMID- 3490587 TI - Virus isolation from and identification of HTLV-III/LAV-producing cells in brain tissue from a patient with AIDS. AB - Primary cultures from a brain biopsy specimen of a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) seropositive patient with progressive dementia contained small numbers of monocytoid cells and showed reverse transcriptase activity that persisted for as long as 100 days. Electron microscopy of these cells revealed the presence of HTLV-III/LAV virions. Subcultured cells removed from primary cultures by trypsinization were nonspecific esterase negative and did not express virus or show evidence of HTLV III/LAV proviral sequences, while those remaining in the original flasks were nonspecific esterase positive and continued to produce virus. Virus from primary cultures was transmitted to peripheral blood-derived monocyte-macrophages and T cells. Virus production in T-cell cultures was transient while the monocyte macrophages, like the primary cultures, produced virus for at least 120 days. Infection of several brain-derived cells with this and another HTLV-III/LAV isolate failed to demonstrate virus replication. These results indicate that the HTLV-III/LAV-infected cells recovered from the brain of this patient are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. PMID- 3490588 TI - Pentamidine-associated fatal acute pancreatitis. AB - Severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis developed in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during pentamidine isethionate treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Despite prompt withdrawal of administration of the drug, the patient died of complications of pancreatitis. Pentamidine is known to be toxic to pancreatic islet cells, causing both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in clinical use. However, it rarely causes symptomatic pancreatitis. A review of the literature indicates that this is the second report of fatal pancreatitis associated with pentamidine therapy. PMID- 3490589 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin levels in adipose tissue of exposed and control persons in Missouri. An interim report. AB - The compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, commonly known as dioxin, was measured in the adipose tissue of 39 persons with a history of residential, recreational, or occupational exposure in Missouri and in 57 persons in a control group. All participants had detectable levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin in their adipose tissue, but the exposed group had significantly higher levels. Levels of six of the exposed persons were more than five times greater than the level of the highest control. Measuring 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin in adipose tissue provides a much improved index of exposure, an important advance for research studies evaluating the possible health effects of this compound. PMID- 3490590 TI - [Nursing of patients with non-compensatory liver cirrhosis. Nursing of patients with ruptured esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3490591 TI - [Nursing of a patient with liver cirrhosis who succumbed to rupture of esophageal varices--interaction with the patient's family]. PMID- 3490592 TI - Membrane currents linked to barium-induced pacemaker activity in the bullfrog atrium. AB - Ionic mechanisms underlying Ba2+-induced automaticity in the bullfrog atrial muscle were studied by performing current and voltage clamp experiments using the double sucrose-gap technique. The application of Ba2+ of more than 0.01 mM induced membrane depolarization, and its amplitude became larger with increasing [Ba2+]o. Pacemaker activity was initiated above 0.3 mM Ba2+. Voltage clamp experiments revealed a marked decrease in the membrane conductance during hyperpolarizing steps, suggesting a depression of anomalous rectifier (Ikl). The time course of the outward current tail was fitted with a sum of fast (tau not equal to 0.8 s) and slow (tau not equal to 4-5 s) exponential components. The slow component (Ia) was markedly depressed by Ba2+, but the fast component (Ixs) remained. There was no significant change in the slow inward current (Isi). The hyperpolarization-activated current had an activation threshold of about -90 mV and was depressed by Ba2+ at concentrations higher than 1 mM. The pacemaker activity was suppressed by depleting either Na+ or Ca2+ in the bath solutions. The activation of the Isi might be responsible for both the later phase of the pacemaker depolarization and the rapid rising of the spontaneous action potential during low-voltage oscillation; the sodium current might take a similar role in the high-voltage oscillation. The Ixs may play the major role in generating the diastolic depolarization. The suppression of the Ikl and Ia by Ba2+ may provide a low background K conductance, which is essential for the initiation of the pacemaker activity. PMID- 3490593 TI - [The risk of aortocoronary bypass surgery in the presence of severe atherosclerotic disease of the ascending aorta]. PMID- 3490594 TI - [Segmental early diastolic relaxation phenomenon (SERP) following the aorto coronary bypass procedure]. PMID- 3490595 TI - [Aortic valve replacement in a patient with Von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3490596 TI - [Hypercalcemia following prophylactic vitamin D administration]. PMID- 3490597 TI - Epidemiology of breast cancer. PMID- 3490598 TI - Smokeless tobacco use among rural high school students in Arkansas. AB - This study determined the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among high school students in selected rural communities in Arkansas, and identified factors associated with initiation and maintenance of use. A questionnaire was distributed to 1,237 students in 13 rural high schools in different educational service regions of Arkansas during spring 1985. Results indicated 34.5% of males and 2.5% of females reported regular use of smokeless tobacco. The factor contributing most to initiation of this practice was the influence of a parent who used smokeless tobacco products. Comparisons to other recent studies and implications for health educators are discussed. PMID- 3490599 TI - Study of the local graft versus host reaction in the rat. I. Evidences for a donor-related "rat effect". AB - The local graft versus host reaction (GVHR) observed in the hybrid F1 LBN rat was chosen to evaluate the immunologic effect induced by allogeneic transfusion of Brown Norway blood to the Lewis rat. Study of the kinetics of this GVHR with immunized as well as with nonimmunized cells shows an "individual rat effect" which is shown by a variability of the popliteal lymph node weight from one recipient to another. When spleen cells from different Lewis donors are pooled this effect disappears which indicates that it is related to the donor's rather than to the F1 recipient's cells. To even out variation between individual donors, cells from a number of donors should be pooled to allow better interpretation of experimental protocols using this GVHR. PMID- 3490600 TI - Quantitative analysis of the effect of ATP-MgCl2 and adenosine-MgCl2 on the extent of necrosis in rat liver after ischemia. AB - The effect of the administration of ATP-MgCl2 and adenosine-MgCl2 on the volume density of necrosis occurring 24 hr following 60 min of ischemia in rat liver has been studied. The extent of necrosis in the lobes submitted to ischemia has been assayed by morphometric analysis of fresh liver slices incubated in tetranitro BT. The administration of ATP-MgCl2 (1.25 mumole of each solved in 0.5 ml 0.9% NaCl) reduced the volume density of necrotic areas in the liver of a fasted rat from about 15% to almost zero, provided that the compounds are given as a continuous infusion spread over a period of 15 min and the administration is started before the circulatory flow is restored following ischemia. However, the extent of necrosis was not reduced by ATP-MgCl2 administration when ischemia was induced in the liver of a fed rat which showed a more massive necrosis (about 30%). Increasing concentrations of ATP-MgCl2 to 5 mumole did not result in any improvement. Adenosine-MgCl2 reduced the extent of necrosis after ischemia in a fasted rat in the same way as ATP-MgCl2. The conclusion is drawn that ATP as a direct source of energy and adenosine as a substrate for ATP-synthesis can protect the liver against ischemic damage, whereas MgCl2 plays a supporting role. PMID- 3490602 TI - Photoaffinity labelling of androgen receptors from human foreskin and cultured genital fibroblasts with tritiated methyltrienolone [3H]R1881. AB - Androgen receptors were partially purified by affinity chromatography of cytosols prepared from either normal foreskins or normal cultured fibroblasts. Partially purified receptors were covalently labelled with [3H]R1881 (tritiated methyltrienolone) by ultraviolet photoactivation. Gel electrophoresis of cytosols from both sources showed two peaks of specific binding, Mr approximately 40 K and approximately 85 K, under denaturing conditions. Photoaffinity labelling of the human androgen receptor may thus provide a useful tool in further studies on disorders of androgenization. PMID- 3490601 TI - Ligand-specific thermal misbehavior of synthetic androgen-receptor complexes in genital skin fibroblasts of subjects with familial ligand-sensitive androgen resistance. AB - We have used 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and two synthetic, non metabolizable androgens, methyltrienolone (MT) and mibolerone (MB), to study intact genital skin fibroblasts from four subjects with familial incomplete androgen resistance. In each, the free androgen receptor has normal binding capacity at 37 degrees C and normal half-lives at 37-43 degrees C. In three the mutant receptor misbehaves in a pattern that is ligand-specific and temperature dependent. At 37 degrees C the equilibrium (Kd) and non-equilibrium (k) dissociation constants, and the ability to augment binding activity during prolonged exposure to androgen, are impaired with DHT, but not with MT; with MB, only the k is abnormal. Mutant MT-receptor complexes dissociate normally even at 42 degrees C; yet, in cells post-incubated at 42 degrees C with cycloheximide and a saturating concentration of ligand, their pool size decays in the rank order, MT greater than MB greater than normal. This measure of lability is nonlinear as a semilogarithmic function of time; it varies directly with temperature and the concentration of cycloheximide, but inversely with that of ligand. Thus, MT and MB evoke distinct forms of thermal dysfunction from the androgen receptor in ligand-sensitive androgen resistance. This observation will help to elucidate the combinatorial properties of normal androgen-receptor complexes that enable them to regulate gene transcription differentially in various androgen target tissues. PMID- 3490603 TI - Early and late results of operation after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. AB - Recent reports have established the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in limiting myocardial infarction. Between September 1981 and September 1984, 355 patients were treated with intracoronary (87) or intravenous (268) streptokinase within 6 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis was successful in 63% of patients receiving intracoronary streptokinase and 81% of those receiving intravenous streptokinase. Because residual critical stenosis is usually present and predisposes the patient to reinfarction, revascularization procedures were investigated as an extension of thrombolytic therapy. One hundred ninety-one patients aged 56 +/- 10 (25 to 77) years underwent early surgical revascularization 4.1 +/- 3.6 days after intracoronary or intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. Results of this treatment were successful in 89% (170/191) of the patients. Thirteen patients (6.8%) underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting for failed percutaneous angioplasty. There were 3.2 +/- 1.4 grafts per patient and 3.8 +/- 2.9 units of blood were administered in the perioperative period. Operative mortality was 4.2% (8/191) with a 15.4% mortality (2/13) in the group in which angioplasty failed. Mean hospitalization time after operation was 10.9 +/- 6.8 days. Follow-up was 27 +/- 8 (12 to 48) months and was obtained on all patients. Late cardiac mortality was 1.0% (2/183). Ninety percent of the follow-up group was without angina and only 1.7% showed no improvement after operation. Reinfarction occurred in four patients (2.2%), with graft failure documented by coronary arteriography in two of these patients. This experience indicates that early revascularization after thrombolytic therapy may be performed with low operative mortality and morbidity and is associated with excellent late results. PMID- 3490605 TI - [Emergency nursing. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3490604 TI - In-vitro culture of basophils from human bone marrow. AB - An in-vitro culture system is described in which metachromatically granulated leucocytes differentiate from human bone marrow under stimulation by conditioned medium from the 5637 cell line. By morphological, cytochemical and immunophenotypic criteria these were shown to be basophils, rather than mast cells. This system may prove useful in studies of basophil differentiation, and in characterisation of growth factors active upon basophil precursors. The study also identified the 5637 bladder carcinoma cell line as a constitutive producer of basophil growth factor(s); this may represent a convenient source for the isolation and purification of such factors. PMID- 3490607 TI - [Massive upper digestive hemorrhage caused by a cavo-duodenal fistula: an unusual cause of fatal outcome in cancer of the colon]. PMID- 3490606 TI - Laser therapy for severe radiation-induced rectal bleeding. AB - Four patients with chronic hematochezia and transfusion-dependent anemia from postradiation rectal vascular lesions were successfully managed by endoscopic laser coagulation. In all four patients, symptomatic, hematologic, and endoscopic improvement was evident. Laser therapy for severe radiation-induced rectal bleeding seems to be safe and efficacious and should be considered before surgical intervention. PMID- 3490609 TI - Method of single photon emission computerized tomogram (SPECT) to enhance the localizing ability of the radionuclide scans. PMID- 3490608 TI - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy--a first choice method in bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 3490610 TI - Serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in alcoholic hepatitis. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a monokine which has been demonstrated to produce a variety of seemingly diverse metabolic events including fever, neutrophilia, anorexia, altered mineral metabolism, muscle catabolism, and fibroblast proliferation. Because many of the clinical features of alcoholic hepatitis are metabolic abnormalities that have been shown to be caused by IL-1, we questioned whether patients with alcoholic hepatitis had elevated serum levels of IL-1. Six patients with alcoholic hepatitis had serum IL-1 activity measured by the thymocyte costimulator assay after serum inhibitors were removed. Their values were compared to those of 6 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients with alcoholic hepatitis had markedly elevated serum IL-1 activity, with the integrated value of all fractions having serum IL-1 activity being 9.8 times that of controls. IL-1 activity in serum from alcoholic hepatitis patients also was blocked by antibody to IL-1. We conclude that patients with alcoholic hepatitis have increased serum IL-1 activity which may play a role in certain of the metabolic complications of alcoholic hepatitis. PMID- 3490611 TI - Interactions of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species with synthetic dopamine-melanin. AB - This paper describes interactions between the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3 dihydropyridinium (MPDP+) metabolite of the nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) with synthetic dopamine-melanin, a polymeric pigment which is similar to the neuromelanin found in the nigrostriatal cell bodies of humans and primates. Although MPTP and its 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) metabolite bind to the synthetic pigment at physiological pH, both compounds are recovered quantitatively upon treatment with acid. Unlike MPTP and MPP+, MPDP+ proved to be unstable in the presence of synthetic dopamine-melanin which promoted its conversion to the fully oxidized pyridinium product MPP+. The possible biological significance of this interaction is discussed. PMID- 3490612 TI - Synthetic analgesics and other phenylpiperidines: effects on uptake and storage of dopamine and other monoamines mouse forebrain tissue. AB - The neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can induce degeneration of dopamine (DA) and other central monoamine neurons, leading to Parkinson's disease-like effects in man, monkey, and mouse. MPTP and other substituted phenylpiperidines related to synthetic analgesics including alphaprodine and meperidine were evaluated for potency vs. uptake of 0.1 microM tritiated DA, norepinephrine (NE), or serotonin (5HT) in synaptosomal preparations of mouse striatum or cerebral cortex. The most potent inhibitor of the uptake of 3H-DA was N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+; IC50 = 1 microM, Ki = 0.4 microM), a metabolite of MPTP; its effect was competitive and reversible. Other analogs of MPTP: the N-ethylindole AHR-1709, N,N-dimethyl-MPTP, and N-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine were all more potent than MPTP against 3H-DA uptake. N-dealkylation and N-propyl substitution, as well as pyridine ring substitution, decreased affinity for DA uptake while 3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl substitution increased potency and selectivity for catecholamine uptake, and quarternarization of the pyridine ring also increased potency against DA uptake. Active compounds showed higher potency against the uptake of NE than of DA. MPP+ was also more potent than MPTP in releasing endogenous DA from striatal synaptosomes (EC50 = 3 vs. 30 microM), but did not release the cytoplasmic markers tyrosine hydroxylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In contrast to MPTP, synthetic phenylpiperidine analgesics, their potential metabolites and the experimental neuroleptic agent AHR-1709 all failed to deplete striatal DA in vivo, even if active in vitro against DA uptake. PMID- 3490614 TI - Properties of 3H-MPTP binding sites in human blood platelets. AB - Our study demonstrates that 3H-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (3H MPTP) specifically binds to platelet membrane sites in humans. This specific, high affinity and saturable binding has properties similar to those of 3H-MPTP binding to rat and monkey brain, with a higher affinity. Deprenyl, a specific inhibitor of MAO type B enzyme, was the most potent drug in displacing 3H-MPTP from platelet binding sites. Platelets are considered a good model for central aminergic neurons and are very rich with MAO enzymatic activity, exclusively of type B. Our findings support previous evidence indicating a correspondence between 3H-MPTP binding sites and MAO-B enzyme. Moreover the presence of 3H-MPTP binding sites on human platelets suggests the use of this peripheral tissue as a simple model to study at least partially the mechanisms of neurotoxic action of MPTP. PMID- 3490613 TI - Human urinary epidermal growth factor: effects of age, sex and female endocrine status. AB - Urinary concentrations of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (irEGF) were determined by specific homologous radioimmunoassay in 300 healthy women and 163 healthy men between 16 and 93 years of age. Both absolute (ng/ml) and relative (ng/mg creatinine) concentrations decreased with age in both sexes. The relative concentration was higher in women than in men at ages 20-70 years (P less than 0.001), the respective mean values (ng/mg creatinine) being 49.1 and 40.1 at 16 20 years, 58.9 and 41.8 at 20-30 years, 47.6 and 36.9 at 30-45 years, 42.8 and 29.0 at 45-55 years, 44.9 and 30.1 at 55-70 years, and 16.0 and 18.5 in those over 70 years. The values were unaffected by the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, or postmenopausal estrogen and/or progestin therapy. PMID- 3490615 TI - Portal hypertension: a permissive factor only in the development of ascites and variceal bleeding. AB - It is controversial whether the occurrence of ascites and gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis is related to the severity of portal hypertension. Portal pressure was examined in 124 unselected patients with portal hypertension due to chronic liver disease to evaluate this issue. Portal pressure was less in patients without complications of chronic liver disease (11.7 +/- 3.0 mmHg, n = 16) as compared to patients who had bled from varices or erosive gastritis (16.6 +/- 3.4 mmHg, p less than 0.001, n = 49), who had ascites (16.2 +/- 3.0 mmHg, p less than 0.001, n = 78) or both (16.5 +/- 3.0 mmHg, p less than 0.001, n = 19). Portal pressure was similar in patients bleeding from varices and erosive gastritis (16.7 +/- 3.4 mmHg, n = 43; vs 16.2 +/- 4.0 mmHg, n = 6, respectively) and in patients with refractory and nonrefractory ascites (16.2 +/- 3.5, n = 21; vs 16.2 +/- 3.5 mmHg, n = 57). The lowest portal pressure recorded in a patient with variceal bleeding was 9.0 mmHg. The lowest portal pressure recorded in a patient with ascites was 8.0 mmHg. Esophageal varices (graded 0-4 at endoscopy) were larger in patients with a history of bleeding from esophageal varices as compared to patients without such a history (3.2 +/- 0.7 vs 2.0 +/- 0.9, p less than 0.001). Serum albumin concentration was greater in patients without ascites as compared to patients with ascites (33 +/- 5 vs 26 +/- 5 g/l p less than 0.001) but was similar in patients with refractory and nonrefractory ascites (25 +/- 7 vs 26 +/- 5 g/l, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490616 TI - [Surgical therapy in African mycetoma. Indications a propos of 160 cases]. AB - The authors treated 160 cases of African mycetoma in Mauritania and then in Niger from september 1978 to june 1985. They here underline some guidance in the application of the utilizable surgical techniques, according to environment. The localizations met are described as well as criteria of diagnosis, pathological aspects, and responsible agents. It is important to scrutinize the extension of the lesions, and to carry out a socio-economic survey, prior to take any decision to operate. After a short commentary on the medical treatment, the authors recalled the classical surgical techniques. They explicit the criteria they selected to decide the type of intervention, along their serie. If surgery has still a preponderant position in the treatment of African mycetoma, hopes are in the discovery of a more efficient medical therapy, and the early diagnosis leading to a limited surgical therapy. PMID- 3490617 TI - Modification of the T, K and NK cell population in experimental infection of mice with Aspergillus niger. AB - A study has been made of the cellular response by T, K and NK cells in mice experimentally infected with Aspergillus niger. The tests were made on mice treated with 5 X 10(5) conidia. The lymphocyte populations in the blood, spleen and pulmonary lymphnodes have studied to identify possible modifications in immune response in time. The results obtained show that in experimentally infected mice with respect to uninfected mice there is an increase in T lymphocytes, particularly in the spleen, a percentage increase in EA-RFC cells in the blood, spleen and lymphnodes, a percentage increase in LGL cells, with a rise in associated NK activity, in the blood and spleen in the first days of infection, but a delayed increase in the lymphnodes. PMID- 3490618 TI - [Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae in throat cultures]. AB - Present study is carried out in order to determine the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae in the throat cultures examined Microbiology Laboratory of Hacettepe Children's Hospital. Throat culture specimens were first inoculated into blood agar and also tryptic soy agar plates. BVX, BV and BX discs were placed on inoculated tryptic soy agar surface for selective growth. The colonies grown around discs were also subjected to agglutination test with specific monovalent and polyvalent antisera for definite diagnosis. As a result, 37 H. influenzae (% 2.96) isolated out of 1249 throat culture tested and 12 (0.96) of isolates classified as type b. PMID- 3490619 TI - Normal and abnormal generation of isotype diversity. PMID- 3490621 TI - Serum levels and synthesis of IgG subclasses in small-for-gestation low birth weight infants and in patients with selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 3490620 TI - IgG subclasses in IgA-deficient patients with anti-IgA antibodies. PMID- 3490622 TI - Hypersensitive character of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines usable for sensitive carcinogen detection. AB - Various carcinogens were tested with regard to the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations using 3 types of Bloom syndrome (BS) B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) (type I with normal frequency of SCEs and normal karyotype; type II with high frequency of SCEs and normal karyotype; type III with high frequency of SCEs and abnormal karyotypes) in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Three types of BS B-LCLs and normal cells showed different responses to the various carcinogens in the level of SCE induction. BS type I cells had the same SCE response as normal cells to carcinogens. Some carcinogens that require metabolic activation (S9 mix) had little effect on type II cells without S9 mix but had high SCE levels with S9 mix. BS type III cells were highly susceptible to both direct and indirect carcinogens with respect to high SCE increase without S9 mix (ca. 140 SCEs/cell), though some carcinogens produced SCEs rated in the medium (ca. 120 SCEs/cell) range, and had a high rate (more than 10%) of centromere spreading (CS), in addition to quadriradials. Therefore BS type III is a unique cell line which can be used to detect carcinogens. PMID- 3490623 TI - Preferential transmission of diabetic alleles within the HLA gene complex. AB - Several studies suggest a higher incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among the offspring of men with the disease than among those of female diabetics. Differential transmission by the father of genes that predispose to diabetes may explain this phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, we examined parent to-offspring transmission of HLA haplotypes and DR (D-related) alleles in 107 nuclear families in which a child had IDDM. We observed that fathers with a DR4 allele were significantly more likely to transmit this allele to their diabetic or nondiabetic children than were mothers with a DR4 allele (72.1 vs. 55.6 percent, P less than 0.001). No differences between parents were observed for HLA DR3; however, DR3 was transmitted significantly more than 50 percent of the time from either parent (P less than 0.001). These data suggest that differential parental transmission of the HLA-DR4-linked diabetes-predisposing allele may explain the higher risk of diabetes among children of diabetic fathers than among those of diabetic mothers. In addition, the excess transmission of diabetogenic HLA alleles from parent to offspring may explain how these deleterious genes continue to recur at such high frequencies in the general population. PMID- 3490624 TI - A new human herpesvirus. PMID- 3490625 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide regulates muscle acetylcholine receptor synthesis. AB - Innervation of muscle by motoneurones induces the development of a characteristic, high density cluster of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction. Studies in vitro show that the accumulation of AChRs at nerve-muscle contacts results from both increased insertion of new AChRs into the muscle plasma membrane beneath nerve terminals and redistribution of preexisting AChRs; these two modes of AChR accumulation may be separately controlled since factors have been identified that influence AChR redistribution but not synthesis. Although many aspects of muscle development are regulated by nerve dependent muscle activity, junctional AChR clusters still develop when neuromuscular transmission is blocked by either curare or alpha-bungarotoxin, suggesting that their formation is mediated by nerve-derived trophic factors other than activity. A molecule immunologically related to calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP-I) has been found in motoneurones in a variety of mammals including man. Here we provide indirect evidence that CGRP-I may be a motoneurone derived trophic factor that increases AChR synthesis at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. PMID- 3490627 TI - [Electro-olfactogram after unilateral section of the olfactory nerve in the frog]. AB - Changes in the amplitude of electroolfactogramm (EOG) after unilateral section of the olfactory nerve has been investigated in Rana temporaria. The EOG decreased during the first postoperative fortnight, but there was not a single case of complete disappearance of EOG at all recording sites on the epithelial surface. The EOG amplitude began increasing gradually towards the end of the third week and was about 80-100% of the control value in the middle of the tenth week. The amplitude of the EOG recorded in the contralateral olfactory organ decreased too, but its decrease was less pronounced and the complete recovery of the EOG amplitude occurred earlier. The character of changes and maximum decrease of the EOG amplitude after axotomy varied in different parts of the olfactory organ. In the caudo-lateral region of the organ the EOG amplitude decreased earlier and its recovery here began later than in the centro-medial one. PMID- 3490628 TI - [Electrophysiologic analysis of the organization of somatosensory inputs into the thalamus of the cat]. AB - Potentials in the frog thalamus evoked by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves were studied by the current source-density method. Sinks, considered to be the sites of potentials generations, were found in three regions: in cell-free zone of the ventral thalamus neighbouring the ventrolateral nucleus; in the ventromedial and ventrolateral nuclei; in the caudal part of the dorsal thalamus. The evoked activity of single neurons was registered in the regions of the second and third sinks. After transection of the spinal cord dorsal columns the first sink was absent and the latent periods of two other sinks were prolonged. It is proposed that nuclei of ventral and caudal parts of the dorsal thalamus receive somatic information through the systems connected not only with ventrolateral, but also with dorsal columns of the spinal cord. The direct projections of the primordial nuclei of dorsal columns can participate in the afferentation of the ventral thalamus. PMID- 3490626 TI - Postsynaptic inhibitory effects of phenothiazines at cholinergic synapses may not involve calmodulin. AB - Treatment of frog cutaneous-pectoris nerve-muscle preparations with calmidazolium (R 24571), a calmodulin-inhibitor, at concentrations of 2 X 10(-7) mol/l and 5 X 10(-7) mol/l had no discernable effect on MEPP amplitude. 10(-6) mol/l calmidazolium caused a small (10-35%) increase in MEPP amplitude in most preparations. The phenothiazine calmodulin-inhibitor chlorpromazine (5 X 10(-6) mol/l) caused a clear reduction in MEPP amplitude (20%) after 30 min treatment. Similar experiments carried out with chlorpromazine sulphoxide (a derivative of chlorpromazine that is 60 X less potent in inhibition of calmodulin-activated enzymes) produced data that were very similar to those obtained with chlorpromazine. It is concluded that the postsynaptic inhibitory effect of phenothiazines at cholinergic synapses is unlikely to involve calmodulin. PMID- 3490629 TI - Failure to detect any transport of the irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor N cyclopropyl-4-chloroamphetamine by the carrier of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain of the rat in vivo. AB - N-Cyclopropyl-4-chloroamphetamine (LY 93716) was examined for its potential preference for inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) within serotonergic nerve terminals in the hypothalamus of the rat. Such an effect should support the hypothesis of Fuller and Perry (1977) (Neuropharmacology 16: 495-497) that this compound is transported by the uptake mechanism for 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). By using a small (0.1 microM) substrate concentration of [14C]5-HT and a synaptosomal preparation incubated in the absence and presence of a selective inhibitor of the uptake of 5-HT (citalopram) it is possible to measure the activity of MAO in serotonergic nerve terminals. It was found that LY 93716 caused greater inhibition outside than inside the serotonergic nerve terminals when the activity of MAO was analysed 24 hr after the injection, but an inverted relationship was observed when analysed 72 hr after administration. Inhibition of uptake did not cause any change in the inhibition of MAO within the serotonergic nerve terminals at the former time but antagonized the inhibition observed 72 hr after the injection. It is concluded that the latter effect was due to antagonism of the neurotoxic action of LY 93716 and that no evidence was found that LY 93716 is transported by the uptake carrier for 5-HT. PMID- 3490630 TI - Effect of amphetamine on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity in mice. AB - Amphetamine has been shown to either potentiate or protect against MPTP neurotoxicity. The time course of changes in dopamine and its metabolites was examined after MPTP, amphetamine, or MPTP plus amphetamine administration. Results suggest that under conditions of granular depletion and release of dopamine by 10 mg/kg amphetamine, increased MPTP neurotoxicity occurs. Amphetamine injections at 2-5 mg/kg prevents the decline in dopamine possibly by blockade of the uptake of MPP+, rather than by an inhibition of monoamine oxidase. PMID- 3490631 TI - Stereotyped behaviour in response to the selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonist RU 24213 is enhanced by pretreatment with the selective D-1 agonist SK&F 38393. AB - When given alone, 2.5 mg/kg of the selective D-2 agonist RU 24213 was a threshold dose for the induction of weak stereotyped behaviour, while 15 mg/kg of the selective D-1 agonist SK&F 38393 failed to induce stereotypy. Responses to 2.5 mg/kg RU 24213 were dose-dependently potentiated by 3.0-15.0 mg/kg SK&F 38393, and compulsive stereotypy was only evident in animals receiving the combination treatment. Increasing D-1 dopaminergic activity appears to promote the expression of behaviours initiated through D-2 receptor stimulation. PMID- 3490632 TI - Administration of GM1 ganglioside restores the dopamine content in striatum after chronic treatment with MPTP. AB - The dopamine (DA) content of the mouse striatum thirty days after treatment with MPTP is significantly reduced. GM1 ganglioside administration during the thirty day period results in a partial restoration of the striatal DA content. PMID- 3490633 TI - Occurrence, distribution and ontogeny of CGRP immunoreactivity in the rat lower respiratory tract: effect of capsaicin treatment and surgical denervations. AB - The occurrence and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the rat respiratory tract were investigated by means of immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay using antibodies raised in rabbits to synthetic rat CGRP. Substantial amounts of CGRP immunoreactivity (range 5-37 pmol/g) were detected in all parts of the respiratory tract, the highest being in the stem bronchus. Gel filtration chromatography of extractable CGRP immunoreactivity revealed one single peak, eluting at the position of synthetic rat CGRP. CGRP immunoreactivity was localized both in mucosal endocrine cells and nerve fibres from the larynx down to the peripheral lung. CGRP-immunoreactive endocrine cells were found singly in trachea and stem bronchi and in groups in intrapulmonary airways. They appeared at a late stage of gestation (17 days), reached a maximum number near term and decreased after birth to maintain a population similar to that of the adult animals by postnatal day 21. Similarly, CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres were first identified by day 18 of the gestation period and reached the adult distribution by postnatal day 21. CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibres were localized among smooth muscle, seromucous glands, beneath and within the epithelium of the airways and around blood vessels. CGRP was also found in sensory ganglia and in motor end plates of the larynx musculature. Neonatal pretreatment with capsaicin caused a marked reduction in CGRP immunoreactivity of nerve fibres in the respiratory tracts as well as a less marked decrease in the population of CGRP-containing endocrine cells of the lung. No change was seen in motor end plates immunostaining. Vagal ligation experiments revealed that CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres travelling in the vagus originate mainly from neurons located in the jugular ganglion. Infranodosal right vagal ligation induced a marked loss in CGRP-immunoreactive nerves of the trachea, and of the ipsilateral stem bronchus, but no changes were observed in peripheral lung. By contrast infranodosal left side vagal ligation caused a decrease in CGRP-immunoreactive nerves of the ipsilateral lung and bronchus without affecting the peptide content in the trachea. Left vagal ligation also induced a marked increase in both the intensity of staining and number of CGRP-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the lung. We conclude that CGRP immunoreactivity is localized in both nerve fibres and endocrine cells and is associated principally with the afferent (sensory) innervation of the respiratory tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3490634 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness of SPECT with Tc99m HM-PAO in cerebral pathology in outpatient practice]. AB - After having outlined the importance of evaluating, in cerebral diseases, the regional cerebral blood flow by means of a non invasive method, the advantages of SPECT with Tc99m HM-PAO compared to the SPECT with radioxenon and iodoamphetamine are point out. The results obtained with this method on 28 different patients, six of with were normal subjects, while the remaining 22 were suffering: six from cerebro vascular disease, four from epilepsy, three from TIA, six from dementia, two from depressive syndrome and one from hemicrania are reported. The comparison of the results with literature references, proves that the tracer employed is definitely superior to TCT, while there is a coincidence with SPECT data obtained with radioxenon and iodoamphetamine. The radiotracer employed can be successfully used, due to its convenient physical-chemical features, in a daily routine, for the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in encephalic diagnostics. PMID- 3490635 TI - Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry reveals increased levels of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA after adrenalectomy in rats. AB - A 35S-labeled 48-base synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to a portion of the rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA was used for in situ hybridization histochemistry. CRF-synthesizing cells were located in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These cells were observed in the medial parvocellular subdivision where there was a 90% increase in the amount of CRF mRNA per unit volume after adrenalectomy. PMID- 3490636 TI - Time-dependent inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase by an analogue of 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine. AB - Inhibitory effects of some MPTP and MPP+ analogues on rat brain MAO activity were studied to further clarify the structure-activity relationships of MPTP neurotoxicity. Of the analogues tested, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (CPTP), 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-pyridine (CBP), 4-benzylpyridine (BPY) and 4-benzylpiperidine (BPIP) dose-dependently inhibited both MAO-A and -B activities. CPTP, BPY and BPIP showed a higher MAO-A selectivity, while CBP was a selective MAO-B inhibitor. In preincubation studies, only CPTP greatly enhanced the degree of inhibition of MAO-B when the preincubation time was increased, but inhibition of MAO-A was not enhanced. Together with our previous MPTP and MPP+ analogue findings, the present results indicate that, in these chemical structures, a 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ring is most essential for time dependent inhibition of MAO. This chemical requirement is consistent with the ability to cause nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. PMID- 3490637 TI - Manipulation of glutathione contents fails to alter dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse. AB - Administration of glutathione monoethyl ester to mice increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels modestly, while administration of butylated hydroxyanisole increased hepatic glutathione content markedly. Yet neither substance protected mice from the toxic effects of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, as shown by marked depletion of striatal dopamine content when animals were sacrificed. Conversely, marked lowering of GSH levels in the livers of mice by administration of buthionine sulfoximine, or in both liver and brainstem following the injection of diethyl maleate, failed to accentuate the neurotoxicity of a low dose of MPTP. Thus, although MPTP produces a drop in brainstem GSH content, this GSH deficiency may not be casually related to the neurotoxic effects of MPTP. PMID- 3490638 TI - The ex vivo effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on rat intra- and extraneuronal monoamine oxidase activity. AB - After i.p. injection of 30 mg/kg 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) daily for 4 days and sacrificing the rats 4 h after the last injection, striatal monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B activities, assayed by conventional method with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and benzylamine, were not changed. By an uptake technique, with dopamine as the substrate for both uptake and MAO, intrasynaptosomal MAO-A and -B activities were found to be greatly reduced with a greater MAO-A reduction. Intrasynaptosomal 5-HT oxidation by MAO-A was not changed in other forebrain regions treated with these MPTP doses. Similar results were also found with two brain preparations treated with single MPTP doses (30 mg/kg). This reduction in intrasynaptosomal MAO activity was completely absent after treatment with lower MPTP doses (15 mg/kg, daily for 5 days) and 5 days of a withdrawal period. The decrease in MAO activity might have been due to the decrease in DA transport into striatal synaptosomes during the enzyme assay and/or to reversible inhibition of intrasynaptosomal MAO by MPP+. PMID- 3490639 TI - Aged mice are more sensitive to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment than young adults. AB - Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by damage to the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Recently, the neurotoxin 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to induce damage in the nigrostriatal system, accompanied by Parkinson-like symptoms in humans. We present here evidence that MPTP treatment in aged 21-month-old mice produced a marked reduction in the presence and intensity of fluorescence in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus and in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area in addition to extensive damage to the substantia nigra. Aged mice treated with MPTP also showed physical signs of movement disability characterized by marked akinesia, rigidity of the hind limbs, and an initial resting tremor of the entire body. Such symptoms were less evident in young mice treated with MPTP. These remarkable initial behavioral effects of MPTP treatment in aged mice and evidence of reduced catecholamine fluorescence in the locus coeruleus and ventral tegmental area suggest that aged mice are more sensitive to, and more severely affected by MPTP treatment than young mice. We suggest that these MPTP-treated aged mice provide a useful animal model for studying both anatomical and functional characteristics of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3490640 TI - Organization of sensory neurons to the muscles of mastication in the cat. AB - The sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion which project to the muscles of mastication of the cat were studied using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Horseradish peroxidase either was injected directly into the masticatory muscles or applied to the nerves supplying them. Numerous retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion. All labeled neurons were sequestered within the posterolateral (mandibular) portion of the ganglion, but the ganglion cells innervating individual muscles were not organized topographically. The diameter of the labeled neurons varied greatly and included profiles considered small, medium and large. The organization of the neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic and trigeminal motor nuclei which project to individual masticatory muscles also was noted. It is suggested that many of the ganglion cells of small and medium size may be important for the perception of muscle pain from the masticatory muscles in the cat. PMID- 3490641 TI - The relationship between descending serotonin projections and ascending projections in the nucleus raphe magnus: a double labeling study. AB - The nucleus raphe magnus and rostral parts of the nucleus raphe obscurus were found to have extensive efferent projections: a major ascending non-serotonergic (5-HT) projection through the median forebrain bundle, and a descending system consisting of both 5-HT and non-5-HT neurons. Differences in the localizations of their cells of origin suggest that they form two distinct efferent systems from the caudal medullary raphe nuclei. PMID- 3490643 TI - The relationship of smoking to motor vehicle accidents and traffic violations. PMID- 3490644 TI - What causes allergy? AB - Allergy is a generalised phenomenon which must have a basic general cause. Many causative factors and different kinds of reaction may be involved in this condition; but any theory as to its underlying causation must be capable of applying to every form of allergy. Only deficient immune system function satisfies this requirement. Immunologists' definition of allergy is distorted, and their classification of immunological reactions is unduly restrictive and in one of its types not soundly based. PMID- 3490645 TI - Patient drawings as aids to the identification and management of causes of distress and atypical symptoms of cardiac patients. PMID- 3490642 TI - The spreading depression potential and the ERG B-wave in retinas of the frog and chick. PMID- 3490646 TI - Interactive display of three-dimensional radionuclide distributions. AB - Tomographic images of three-dimensional radionuclide distributions are usually presented as a set of parallel planar slices. A technique has been developed to enable the observer to perceive directly the three-dimensional morphology of the activity distribution by displaying iso-count surfaces. Computer graphics techniques have been used to present shaded surface images using a conventional nuclear medicine computer system. Because of the relatively coarse spatial sampling of radionuclide tomograms, a smooth shading algorithm based on a local polynomial fit procedure was developed. By using a simple solid model approach for data storage the program executes interactively, allowing the observer to view the reconstructed activity distribution from any aspect. The technique has been successfully applied to radionuclide tomograms of several organs, and promises to be particularly useful for the display or cardiac blood pool data. PMID- 3490647 TI - Effectiveness of oblique section display in thallium-201 myocardial tomography. AB - A simple left ventricle phantom, placed in a water-filled body phantom, has been used to compare the detectability of simulated perfusion defects in short-axis oblique sections with transverse section tomography and conventional planar imaging. Images of the phantom were assessed by five experienced observers and their responses analysed on a lesion-by-lesion basis. No significant difference in defect detectability was found between planar imaging and transverse section tomography. However, following reorientation of the transverse section data into oblique planes perpendicular to the long-axis of the phantom there was a statistically significant increase in defect detectability compared with planar imaging. Observers also detected significantly more defects using oblique section display compared with the original transverse sections. This suggests that reformatting of the transverse sections into oblique planes may be essential to realize the full potential of thallium-201 myocardial tomography. PMID- 3490648 TI - Imaging of inflammatory and infectious lesions after injection of radioiodinated monoclonal anti-granulocytes antibodies. AB - Successful detection of inflammatory lesions by planar scintigraphy and SPECT after injection of iodine-123 labelled monoclonal antibodies directed against human granulocytes (123I-Mabgc) is demonstrated. This new tracer has been compared with indium-111 labelled white blood cells (111In-WBC) in selected patients with proven infectious lesions. Scans were equally positive in all cases, but the methodical advantages of the new marker were obvious, namely, there is no need for cell separation and the images of inflammatory lesions were better defined. In addition, SPECT could be performed with 123I-Mabgc and allowed a better anatomic localization and a three-dimensional description of the lesions. No adverse reactions have been seen. It is concluded, therefore, that 123I-Mabgc is a promising agent for the detection of acute focal inflammatory lesions which may, with advantages, replace 111In-WBC. PMID- 3490650 TI - Analysis of B cell and T cell proliferative responses induced by monomorphic and pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei parasites in mice. AB - Cells collected from C57B1/6 mice infected with monomorphic and pleomorphic clones of Trypanosoma brucei parasites (ILTat 1.4 and GUTat 3.1) were analysed for the incorporation of 125I-Iododeoxyuridine into DNA of total splenic lymphocytes and of B and T lymphocytes isolated on a fluorescence activated cell sorter. The monomorphic T. brucei ILTat 1.4 parasites triggered delayed and low splenic DNA synthetic responses in comparison to those arising in mice infected with the pleomorphic T. brucei GUTat 3.1 organisms. Mice infected with both parasite clones mounted splenic DNA synthetic responses similar to those arising in animals infected with the pleomorphic organisms alone and similar responses were induced by lethally irradiated T. bruceiGUTat 3.1 and T. brucei ILTat 1.4 parasites. In mice infected with the pleomorphic parasites, DNA synthesis was first detected in the T cell population and B cell DNA synthetic responses were detected between 1 and 2 days later. In contrast only T cell DNA synthetic responses were detected after infection with the monomorphic T. brucei ILTat 1.4 parasites. It is suggested that the previously reported failure of monomorphic T. brucei parasites to trigger antibody production in infected mice is a result of their inability to stimulate B lymphocytes. PMID- 3490649 TI - Modulation of lens-induced uveitis by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Experimental lens-induced uveitis was produced in Lewis rats by sensitization with bovine lens protein prior to disruption of the lens capsule. Treatment of these animals by intraperitoneal injection of dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in reduction in retinal vasculitis, hemorrhage and necrosis. Furthermore, morphometric analysis of choroidal inflammation revealed significant reduction of choroidal thickness in the treated animals. These findings suggest that hydroxyl radicals play a role in producing ocular tissue damage in the acute Arthus-type of ocular inflammation. PMID- 3490651 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini: pathogenesis of infection in immunodeprived hamsters. AB - Opisthorchis viverrini infections were established in immunologically intact and T cell deprived hamsters. T cell deprivation appeared to have no effect on worm establishment or egg production. Histopathologically, intact and deprived animals showed similar degrees of bile duct hyperplasia and periductular fibrosis, though there was a marked reduction in the intensity of the periportal inflammation in the majority of T cell deprived animals. Serum transaminase levels were significantly raised in intact animals by 25 days after infection, whilst levels remained within normal limits throughout the infection period for the majority of the T cell deprived animals. The antibody response to parasite antigens as determined by immunoelectrophoresis, was impaired in T cell deprived animals. Attempts to correlate the serological picture with transaminase levels at three time points after infection and also with the extent of periductular inflammation seen on killing, proved largely unsuccessful. These results indicate that T cell deprivation of the hamster host ameliorates the periductular inflammatory response provoked by O. viverrini in this species. It is suggested that such inflammatory responses are evoked by parasite antigens which gain access to portal tract and surrounding areas, and that such reactions are immunopathological in their outcome to the host, resulting in liver cell death and subsequent replacement of resolving inflammatory and necrotic areas with fibrotic tissue. PMID- 3490652 TI - Neonatal lupus syndrome. PMID- 3490653 TI - The genes for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are tandemly arranged on chromosome 17 of the mouse. AB - We have isolated clones containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) from a mouse genomic library. Four out of five clones containing the TNF-alpha gene also hybridized to a human lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) probe. We constructed a restriction enzyme cleavage map of a 6.4 kb region from one of the genomic clones. From partial sequencing data and hybridizations with exon-specific oligonucleotide probes, we conclude that this region contains the mouse TNF-alpha and TNF-beta genes in a tandem arrangement, that they are separated by only about 1100 bases, and that their intron-exon structure is very similar to that seen in man. We probed genomic blots of DNA from human/mouse hybrids containing single mouse chromosomes for the presence of the mouse TNF genes. The results show that the genes are located on mouse chromosome 17, which also contains the major histocompatibility complex. Therefore, both the mouse and the human TNF genes are tandemly arranged and located on the same chromosome as the MHC. PMID- 3490656 TI - Diagnostic code for congenital heart disease, supplement. PMID- 3490655 TI - Uvulitis and Hemophilus influenzae b bacteremia. AB - Uvulitis and Hemophilus influenzae b (HIb) bacteremia occurred in two infants. Uvulitis may be associated with HIb bacteremia, with or without epiglottitis. An acutely inflamed uvula in a febrile infant should alert the physician to the possibility of HIb bacteremia and potentially serious sequelae. Hospitalization and parenteral antibiotic therapy are recommended. PMID- 3490654 TI - Genomic sequence for human prointerleukin 1 beta: possible evolution from a reverse transcribed prointerleukin 1 alpha gene. AB - We have isolated the human prointerleukin 1 (proIL-1) beta gene from leukocyte and fetal liver libraries. The nucleotide sequence and its gene organization reveals that the proIL-1 beta gene is composed of seven exons with a primary transcription product length of 7,008 nucleotides. The exon sequence agrees well with that of the human proIL-1 beta cDNA. Features of interest within the transcriptional unit include positioned TATA, CAT, and poly-adenylation signals for gene regulation, as well as the signatures of gene duplication via retrotransposition in the form of flanking direct repeats and a genomic poly A tail. The genomic organization of the proIL-1 beta gene with respect to the number and position of exon boundaries is strikingly similar to that of the recently reported human proIL-1 alpha gene. Therefore, we hypothesize that the proIL-1 beta may have arisen by a reverse transcriptase mediated duplication of the related alpha gene. PMID- 3490657 TI - Hemodynamic effects of corticotropin releasing hormone in the anesthetized cynomolgus monkey. AB - Right atrial bolus administration of rat/human corticotropin releasing hormone (r/hCRH) at a dose of 90 micrograms/kg to anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys caused a dramatic and prolonged fall in both the peripheral vascular resistance (48% reduction) and mean systemic blood pressure (36% reduction). An associated tachycardia could be blocked with prior propranolol administration and thus was probably reflexic. A mean 43 and 37% increase in the flow of the superior mesenteric and common iliac arteries, respectively, was demonstrated with electromagnetic flow probes. These changes were associated with a concomitant 38 and 40% diminution in the respective vascular resistance. Similar blood flow changes were noted in the carotid artery, however, these were of a much shorter duration. None of these changes occurred in placebo-treated animals. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol concentrations were elevated basally and throughout the procedure and were similar in the experimental and control groups, suggesting maximal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Plasma renin activity, however, gradually increased in the r/hCRH-treated animals, probably as a result of the systemic hypotension. We speculate that CRH or a CRH like substance may function as a paracrine hormone modulating local blood vessel tone and may be important in directing blood flow during stress and injury. The vasoactive properties of exogenous r/hCRH may be of clinical use in man. PMID- 3490658 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of compounds containing a 2 thioxopyrrolidine-4,5-dione moiety. AB - The synthesis of two Schiff bases of aryl methyl ketones and ethylenediamine 1c, 1d, symmetric adducts of aryl isothiocyanates with Schiff bases 2d-2m and 2 thioxopyrrolidine-4,5-dione derivatives 4d-4m obtained by condensation of oxalyl chloride with Schiff bases of aroylthioacetic acid anilides and ethylenediamine is described. Some of 13 investigated compounds 4a, 4b, 4d-4l, 5a, 5b of 2 thioxopyrrolidine-4,5-dione type showed sedative and analgesic action. PMID- 3490659 TI - Postoperative TENS pain relief after knee surgery: objective evaluation. AB - A comparison was made between the pain-relieving effect of placebo-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), high frequency TENS, and epidural analgesia with dilute local anesthetics in 15 patients with open knee surgery. Assessment of pain was compared with the patients' ability to contract their quadriceps muscle; the ability was measured with integrated EMG (IEMG) before and after the different treatments. The results showed that placebo-TENS had no significant effect on either pain perception or on IEMG. High frequency TENS given for 15 min to 20 min decreased pain perception by 50% at rest and by 11% after quadriceps contraction. High frequency TENS increased muscle contraction ability by 305%, compared with the initial contraction before treatment. Epidural injection of a dilute local anesthetic decreased pain perception by 90% at rest and by 67% after contraction, and increased muscle contraction ability by 1,846%. TENS undoubtedly has a place in the postoperative pain treatment, although its effect is not as strong as that of epidural analgesia with local anesthetics. TENS, however, is easy to administer, lacks side effects, and can be administered by the patients themselves. PMID- 3490660 TI - [Immune reactivity in patients with pigeon breeder's lung. II: Local defense reactions]. PMID- 3490661 TI - [The neutrophil damage index of children with tuberculosis undergoing chemotherapy combined with tuberculin]. PMID- 3490662 TI - Efficient synthesis of human type alpha transforming growth factor: its physical and biological characterization. AB - Human transforming growth factor type alpha (TGF-alpha) was synthesized by a stepwise solid-phase method with an overall yield of 26%. Synthetic TGF-alpha, consisting of 50 amino acid residues deduced from a cDNA precursor sequence, was purified in a single HPLC step. The homogeneity and primary structure were confirmed by several criteria including Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Synthetic TGF-alpha was as active as murine epidermal growth factor in binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor and in stimulation of anchorage-dependent and of anchorage-independent growth of normal indicator cells in culture. Synthetic TGF-alpha stimulated plasminogen activator production in A 431 and HeLa cells; the stimulation was similar to that induced by epidermal growth factor. Furthermore, synthetic human TGF-alpha showed similar immunoreactivity when compared with rat TGF-alpha. Thus, the 50-amino acid TGF-alpha is likely to be the bioactive principle produced and secreted by tumor cell lines. PMID- 3490664 TI - Psoralens potentiate ultraviolet light-induced inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding. AB - The psoralens, when activated by ultraviolet light of 320-400 nm (UVA light), are potent modulators of epidermal cell growth and differentiation. Previously, we reported that, in mammalian cells, these compounds bind to specific saturable high-affinity cellular receptor sites. In the present studies, we demonstrate that binding of psoralens to their receptors followed by UVA light activation is associated with inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor binding. Inhibition of EGF binding, which required UVA light, was rapid and dependent on the dose of UVA light (0.5-2.0 J/cm2), as well as the concentration of psoralens (10 nM to 1 microM). Higher doses of UVA light (2.0-6.0 J/cm2) by themselves were also inhibitory, indicating that psoralens potentiate the UVA-induced inhibition of EGF binding. A number of biologically active analogs of psoralen, including 8 methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen, when activated by UVA light, were found to be inhibitors of binding. Inhibition of EGF binding by psoralens was observed in a variety of human and mouse cell culture lines known to possess psoralen receptors. In the epidermal-derived line PAM 212, at least two populations of receptors with different affinities for EGF were found. Psoralens and UVA light selectively inhibited binding to the higher-affinity EGF receptors, an effect analogous to that of the phorbol ester tumor promoters. As observed with phorbol esters, photoactivated psoralens appeared to inhibit EGF binding by an indirect mechanism. These data demonstrate that the psoralens and UVA light have direct biological effects on cell-surface membranes. Since EGF is a growth-regulatory peptide, the ability of psoralens and UVA light to inhibit EGF binding may underlie the biologic effects of these agents in the skin. PMID- 3490663 TI - Potentiation of growth factor activity by exogenous c-myc expression. AB - The c-myc oncogene has been implicated in deregulation of cell growth in neoplastic cells and response to "competence-inducing" growth factors in normal cells. In the latter case, expression of c-myc has been shown to be associated with the transition from the G0 to the G1 phase of the cell cycle induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In the work reported here, we have introduced the c-myc coding region, in a retroviral vector, into mouse and rat cells. We show that under conditions of anchorage-independent growth, constitutive c-myc expression increases the response of rodent cells to PDGF, as well as to other growth factors of both the competence-inducing and "progression" classes. These effects of the myc product are observed whether or not an exogenous ras gene has also been introduced into the same cells. Possible models for the influence of myc on growth responses are discussed. PMID- 3490665 TI - Feeding tadpoles cloned from Rana erythrocyte nuclei. AB - Diploid frog nuclei from differentiated somatic cells, transplanted into enucleated eggs to determine whether cell specialization generally involves irreversible genetic changes, have shown that nuclei from specialized somatic cells still contain the genes specifying the cell types and organ systems of swimming tadpoles. However, those tadpoles failed to feed and did not survive beyond the initial tadpole stages. Here we report that, after incubation in oocytes, triploid erythrocyte nuclei from juvenile frogs of Rana pipiens directed the formation of feeding tadpoles that survived up to a month and had differentiated hind limb buds. These tadpoles occurred at a high yield and showed the most extensive development so far obtained from documented differentiated somatic nuclei. PMID- 3490666 TI - Molecular cloning and primary nucleotide sequence analysis of a distinct human immunodeficiency virus isolate reveal significant divergence in its genomic sequences. AB - In an effort to evaluate data on genomic relatedness among the various human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), we have molecularly cloned a virus isolate designated HIV (CDC-451). Preliminary characterization of the HIV (CDC-451) clone indicated that the restriction enzyme map was distinct from those of other known HIV isolates. Analysis of the primary nucleotide sequence of the regions encoding the structural proteins and comparison with sequences known for other HIV isolates indicated substantial differences for HIV (CDC-451). The sequences encoding the group-specific antigen gene, although they showed some variation, were conserved to a greater extent than were those encoding envelope proteins. In the envelope gene sequences, most of the changes (up to 24.5% divergence) were located in the amino-terminal region encoding a glycoprotein with a Mr of 120,000. The carboxyl-terminal region, encoding a protein of Mr 41,000, was more highly conserved. The variation in the sequences encoding envelope proteins may have important implications for the antigenic properties and/or pathogenicity of the disease and for its detection and ultimate eradication. PMID- 3490667 TI - Gene 32 protein, the single-stranded DNA binding protein from bacteriophage T4, is a zinc metalloprotein. AB - Gene 32 protein (g32P) isolated from bacteriophage T4-infected Escherichia coli and from an overproduction vector derived from the plasmid pKC30 contains 1 mol of tightly incorporated Zn(II) per mol of protein. A linear incorporation of three molar equivalents of p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate (PMPS) results in a linear release of 1.1 mol of Zn(II) from the protein. Reversal of formation of the g32P-PMPS complex with thiol in the presence of EDTA results in a zinc-free apo-g32P. Cd(II) and Co(II) can be exchanged with the intrinsic Zn(II) ion. The Cd(II) protein shows a charge-transfer band at approximately 250 nm. The Co(II) protein shows a set of absorption bands typical of a tetrahedral Co(II) complex (epsilon max = 660 M-1 X cm-1 at 645 nm), and two intense charge-transfer bands are present at 355 nm (epsilon = 2,250 M-1 X cm-1) and 320 nm (epsilon = 3,175 M 1 X cm-1). These observations are consistent with three cysteines as ligands to the Zn(II) ion in g32P. Zn(II) g32P undergoes precise limited proteolysis by trypsin to produce the small fragments A and B and the core, g32P-(A + B). Under identical conditions, apo-g32P is hydrolyzed rapidly beyond the g32P-(A + B) stage to produce many proteolyzed fragments. Fluorescence quenching experiments show that at low protein concentration apo-g32P has markedly altered binding affinity for poly(dT) relative to native g32P. Three of the four cysteines of g32P are found in a tyrosine-rich sequence corresponding to residues 72-116 and implicated in DNA binding by 1H NMR investigations. Zn(II) appears to provide a conformational element contributing to DNA binding by coordinating the cysteine and possibly histidine side chains in the sequence -Cys-X3-His-X5-Cys-X2-Cys-, residues 77-90, located in the DNA binding domain of g32P. PMID- 3490668 TI - Identification of two anti-parallel beta-sheet conformations in the solution structure of murine epidermal growth factor by proton magnetic resonance. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small mitogenic protein. Proteins with sequence homology with EGF or with its membrane-bound protein receptor have been proposed to play a role in oncogenesis. This report describes solution NMR data that provide evidence that the solution conformation of murine EGF includes an anti-parallel beta-sheet structure involving residues S2-P4, V19-I23, and S28 N32; a small anti-parallel beta-sheet involving residues Y37-S38 and T44-R45; and a multiple-bend (or short irregular helix) structure for residues C6-C14 that is disulfide bonded to the V19-I23/S28-N32 beta-sheet. Implications of these results for structure and function studies of EGF and for molecular design of EGF and homologous alpha-type transforming growth factors are discussed. PMID- 3490669 TI - Regulation of expression of human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are glycoproteins that stimulate the growth of hematopoietic progenitors and enhance the functional activity of mature effector cells. Human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 22 kDa glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of myeloid and erythroid progenitors in vitro and increases the responsiveness of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils to physiologic stimuli. Elucidation of the cell and tissue sources of CSFs, as well as study of their regulation of expression, is required to understand their role in physiologic and pathophysiologic states. An extensive survey of normal and neoplastic human tissues did not reveal constitutive production of detectable levels of GM-CSF mRNA in any of the 64 samples studied. Antigen- or lectin-activated T lymphocytes have been shown to produce GM-CSF; therefore, to elucidate the genetic sequences required, we constructed recombinant plasmids containing 5' flanking DNA of the GM-CSF gene linked to the marker chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The recombinant constructs were transfected into a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV)-infected T lymphoblast cell line that can be stimulated to produce high levels of GM-CSF. We show here that the 5' flanking sequences of the GM-CSF gene can direct increased expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in activated T lymphoblast cells. PMID- 3490670 TI - Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2 (T11) antigen. AB - CD2 (T11, sheep erythrocyte receptor) is a surface antigen of the human T lymphocyte lineage. cDNA clones encoding CD2 have been isolated by using the purified, denatured CD2 to raise a rat antiserum. Positive clones were recognized in a phage lambda gt11 expression library prepared from the human leukemia T-cell line J6. The DNA sequence contained an open reading frame encoding 360 amino acids. The N-terminal 24 amino acids were characteristic of a signal peptide and were followed by a region that matched all 25 residues of the CD2 N terminus previously determined by amino acid sequencing. The predicted amino acid sequence is consistent with that of a transmembrane glycoprotein containing three potential N-glycosylation sites on the N-terminal side of a 26-amino acid hydrophobic segment. There is a large cytoplasmic domain of 125 amino acids that is rich in proline and in basic residues. RNA blot-hybridization analysis demonstrated hybridization only in those T cells that were positive for surface CD2 antigen. There are limited regions of sequence similarity to members of the immunoglobulin supergene family. PMID- 3490671 TI - Interleukin 1 induces leukocyte infiltration and cartilage proteoglycan degradation in the synovial joint. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a polypeptide released by activated macrophages and is thought to be a key mediator of host responses to infection and inflammation. The availability of highly purified and recombinant material has now permitted the evaluation of IL-1 as a mediator of chronic inflammatory processes in vivo. We have demonstrated that intraarticular injection of IL-1 into rabbit knee joints induces the accumulation of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes in the joint space and the loss of proteoglycan from the articular cartilage. The effects on cartilage could not be explained solely by the presence of leukocytes, since injections of endotoxin also stimulated leukocyte accumulation in the joint but had no effect on proteoglycan loss. Responses to IL-1 were not associated with increased production of the icosanoids prostaglandin E2 or leukotriene B4 and were not reduced by an inhibitor of their synthesis. The pattern of leukocyte infiltration and cartilage breakdown 24 hr after IL-1 injection was similar to that seen in animals with antigen-induced arthritis of 1 week's duration. These observations support the hypothesis that IL-1 acts directly to mediate the erosive processes of chronic arthritis. PMID- 3490673 TI - Interleukin 1 stimulates platelet activating factor production in cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) induced the platelet activating factor (PAF) production in cultured human endothelial cells (HEC). The product was identified as PAF by the chemical properties, the susceptibility to phospholipase A2 and C and to lipase A1, its behaviour in thin layer chromatography and in high pressure liquid chromatography and the recovery of biological activity tested on rabbit platelets. The action of IL 1 was concentration-dependent and took more than 2 hours to became apparent. Most of the PAF produced was cell-associated and only the 25% of the total was released. PMID- 3490672 TI - Pharmaco-ethological analysis of antidepressant drug effects. AB - An ethological approach to the analysis of antidepressant drug action focuses on the restorative effects of these drugs on intraspecies behavior and locomotor activity. The present analysis reveals that iprazid and amphetamine differentially alter locomotion and intraspecies behavior in mice that were pretreated with reserpine. Fluoxetine restores intraspecies behavior, specifically by increasing the number of passive contacts, but without activating locomotion. Trazodon, pyrazidol and clomipramine restore aggression by dominant mice that was suppressed by aversive stimulation. The restoration of intraspecies behavior among laboratory rodents subjected either to reserpine treatment or to prolonged aversive stimulation may reveal the antidepressant effects of drugs. PMID- 3490674 TI - [The action of fibrinolysis inhibitors of the omega-aminocarboxylic acid type on the proliferation of in vitro cultured endothelial cells]. PMID- 3490675 TI - Comparative comfort of three waveforms used in electrically eliciting quadriceps femoris muscle contractions. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the relative comfort levels of electrical stimulation having different waveforms, but otherwise identical current characteristics, delivered percutaneously to normal quadriceps femoris muscles contracting at the same intensity level. The quadriceps femoris muscles of 20 healthy subjects were stimulated to a torque level 60% of that obtained in a maximal voluntary isometric contraction, using pulsed current with a carrier frequency of 2,500 Hz, at 50 pulses per second of 10-msec pulse duration. Three different waveforms were used: sinusoidal, sawtooth (triangular), and square. The relative comfort level of each electrically elicited contraction for each waveform was determined for each subject using a 20-cm-long visual analog scale. The results showed that no one waveform was most comfortable (least uncomfortable) and the difference was significant in what the subjects perceived to be the most comfortable contraction, regardless of waveform (p less than .01). These results indicate that a subject's perception of discomfort changes as the waveform of stimulation varies and that individual preferences exist for different waveforms. Selection of the most comfortable waveform could prove beneficial when the intensity of muscle stimulation is increased. PMID- 3490677 TI - [Rheumatic patients]. PMID- 3490676 TI - Cyclophosphamide-conditioned suppression of the natural killer cell response in rats. AB - Injection of rats with cyclophosphamide (CY) after their consumption of a novel saccharin-flavored drinking solution resulted in a conditioned aversion to saccharin and a conditioned suppression of natural killer cell (NKC) cytotoxicity. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned by pairing saccharin with 50 mg/kg CY, an immunosuppressive drug with noxious gastrointestinal side-effects. Twenty-two and 26 days later, re-exposure of conditioned animals to saccharin alone re-enlisted the immunosuppressive effects of CY when NKC cytotoxicity was measured on day 29. Although CY also suppressed spleen cell number, IgG antibody titers and interleukin 2 (IL2) production, these immune responses did not appear to be affected by the behavioral conditioning paradigm in this experiment. Unique aspects of this study include the ability to measure multiple immune responses in a single rat and the finding that previous reports of behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression can be extended to another parameter, NKC cytotoxicity. These findings could have significant implications to human medicine, especially in the area of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency, and intervention and treatment of cancer. PMID- 3490678 TI - [Use of tensometric measurements in evaluating the progress of rehabilitation in patients with spasticity treated by electrostimulation]. PMID- 3490679 TI - High resolution computed tomography in the evaluation of hyperprolactinemia. AB - High resolution computed tomography should eventually replace other imaging modalities in the evaluation of the pituitary gland in patients with endocrine disorders. In cooperative patients the intrasellar contents can be quickly and easily evaluated with minimal irradiation. PMID- 3490680 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic localization of primary dental afferents to medullary dorsal horn (pars caudalis). AB - Light-microscopic (LM) and ultrastructural (electron-microscopic, or EM) identification of primary dental afferents to medullary dorsal horn (MDH) was demonstrated in the cat following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into pulpal chambers of unilateral maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth, including the cuspids. Use of a new osmication protocol improved and simplified the EM localization of reaction product within the brain stem terminals. LM examination showed that the projection pattern varied between the different levels of MDH. At caudal levels, the labeling was primarily confined to a narrow band consisting of a dense projection to the dorsomedial portion of laminae I and superficial II and a less intense projection to lamina V. The pattern to rostral levels became increasingly more dense and extensive within these same laminae. LM examination of the tooth apex region showed that a limited spread to the periodontal ligament occurred in some cases. EM investigation of the ipsilateral MDH demonstrated reaction product in terminals with synaptic vesicles that are presynaptic to small and medium-sized dendrites. Labeled axonal endings in close association with cell bodies were also observed. No labeled structures were identified in the contralateral MDH. Some of the reaction product found with EM was below the LM limit of resolution, and thus ultrastructural investigation is necessary for a complete analysis of any pathway when using HRP. PMID- 3490681 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in lower digestive system hemorrhage in children]. PMID- 3490682 TI - [The pathogenesis of colonic diverticular hemorrhage]. PMID- 3490683 TI - Portal-systemic encephalopathy. Influence of shunt surgery and relations to serum amino acids. AB - Fifty patients with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and a history of bleeding oesophageal varices underwent 15 different cognitive psychometric tests to evaluate the presence of subclinical portal-systemic encephalopathy. None of the patients were clinically encephalopathic. The patients were compared with 50 healthy control subjects. Twenty-three patients showed definite signs of encephalopathy in the psychometric tests, 17 were normal, and 10 were borderline cases. The most pronounced abnormalities were seen in tests reflecting logic inductive capacity, visual spatial performance, cognitive flexibility, perceptual speed, spatial perceptive ability, and psychomotor performance. Tests reflecting word memory were less affected. Serum liver function tests did not differ between patients with deranged and normal brain functions. The serum isoleucine concentration was, however, significantly lower in the encephalopathic patients. The psychometric test results did not differ between patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis, and no change was noted 2 years after shunt surgery. PMID- 3490684 TI - Norfloxacin versus co-trimoxazole in the treatment of recurring urinary tract infections in men. AB - Norfloxacin is a lipid-soluble weak organic acid bound to plasma proteins to a low extent. Norfloxacin has a pKa1 from 6.2 to 6.4 and a pKa2 from 8.7 to 8.9. Mean concentrations of norfloxacin in prostatic tissue have been reported as 1.7 mg/kg. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in men is frequently associated with prostatic infection, and chronic prostatitis is both difficult to diagnose and to treat. One hundred and twenty-nine patients were entered into a randomized, open controlled, comparative multiclinic study of the efficacy and safety of norfloxacin vs. co-trimoxazole in male patients with recurrent UTI. Norfloxacin 400 mg and co-trimoxazole 160/800 mg were given twice daily for 4 to 6 weeks. One hundred and nine patients were considered evaluable for efficacy. Norfloxacin effected bacteriologic eradication in 56 of 60 (93%) patients; co trimoxazole effected eradication in 39 of 49 (67%) patients. This difference in bacteriologic outcome had statistical significance (p less than 0.05). A subset of these patients had prostatic fluid cultures pre- and post-therapy. The eradication rate was 23 of 25 (92%) for norfloxacin and 10 of 15 (67%) for co trimoxazole. Bacteria isolated were (norfloxacin/co-trimoxazole): E. coli 27/25; K-E-S 14/13; Proteus spp. 7/5; Ps. aeruginosa 2/0; other gram-negative bacilli 4/3; gram-positive cocci 7/3. Four patients, one on norfloxacin and three on co trimoxazole had drug-related clinical and/or laboratory adverse experiences. None was serious. Norfloxacin appears to be an effective drug for the treatment of recurrent UTI in men. PMID- 3490685 TI - Primary results following surgical treatment of pressure sores. AB - A review of 103 surgically closed pressure sores shows unsatisfactory results. Following a critical analysis of the various complications several alterations in the surgical treatment are suggested. The improvements include a more rational antibiotic treatment, two-stage operations, different flaps and the use of fibrin sealant. PMID- 3490686 TI - Epidemiologic survey of vibration syndrome among riveters, chippers and grinders in the railroad system of the People's Republic of China. AB - Vibration syndrome caused by hand-held vibrating tools in 14 locomotive and rolling stock plants in four regions of the People's Republic of China (south, north, middlewest, and northeast) and the influence of climatic factors on its prevalence rate were studied. For 1,028 male workers (705 riveters, 284 chippers, and 39 grinders), the prevalence rate of the syndrome was 13.4% and for a reference group of 256 workers it was 1.6%. The prevalence rate of white finger in the four regions differed and was higher in northeast and north China than in south and middlewest China. This finding suggests that cold climate and humidity may be causative factors of the vibration syndrome. PMID- 3490687 TI - Vibration-induced white finger among selected underground rock drillers in British Columbia. AB - Ninety-five rock drillers who used pneumatic hand-held drills were interviewed and tested. Thirty-seven were excluded because of factors predisposing to the appearance of white fingers other than exposure to industrial hand-drill vibration. Forty-five percent of the remaining 58 drillers suffered from periodic attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon. Symptoms were present in 25% of the drillers exposed for 1-5 years and in 80% of those exposed for greater than or equal to 16 years. Nine percent of the cases were classified as severe. The median latency for the onset of the blanching symptoms was 7.5 years. The prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon was 4% among a reference group of 56 miners not exposed to hand vibration and corrected for possible predisposing factors. Objective evidence indicated delayed finger rewarming after a combination of digital ischemia and cooling in 75% of the drillers with blanching symptoms and 18% of the referents without symptoms. There was evidence of an increased frequency of vibration-induced white finger among current cigarette smokers. Weighted 4-h equivalent acceleration levels measured from the handles of 26 jack-leg and 13 stoper drills from the same mines as the miners ranged from 15 to 32 m/s2. These levels exceed recommended guidelines of the International Organization for Standardization. PMID- 3490688 TI - Vibration syndrome among Finnish forest workers, a follow-up from 1972 to 1983. AB - A longitudinal survey on the prevalence of vibration syndrome among professional forest workers was conducted from 1972 (118 workers) to 1983 (206 workers). The prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) was 40% among the workers in 1972; it gradually declined to 5% in 1983. Three new workers developed VWF symptoms during the follow-up period. They had only used saws equipped with antivibration handles. The prevalence of VWF has decreased mainly due to the reduction of chain-saw vibration. The prevalence of paresthesias of the hands and arms declined from 78% in 1972 to 37% in 1976, and then increased to 51% in 1983. The recent increase was thought to be due to static muscle load and the ageing of the workers. No correlation was found between the severity of VWF and peripheral nerve symptoms. No significant changes in muscle fatigue occurred during the follow-up period; it was present in about 10-15% of the workers. The forest workers subjectively assessed musculoskeletal load and strain as being more harmful than the symptoms of vibration syndrome. The preventive measures aimed at reducing chain-saw vibration, implemented since 1970, have been beneficial and explain the decreased prevalence of VWF. PMID- 3490689 TI - T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia retrovirus env gene recombinant. AB - The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus. PMID- 3490690 TI - Intracellular accumulation of T-cell receptor complex molecules in a human T-cell line. AB - This work was aimed at understanding the mechanisms of T-lymphocyte function by studying the cellular distribution and traffic of molecules of the T-cell receptor complex. The accumulation of specific molecules in intracytoplasmic vesicles is related to the activation of T lymphocytes. Some of these molecules include acid hydrolases, the transferrin receptor, and class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. Molecules of the T-cell receptor complex have now also been found in intracytoplasmic vesicles in a human T-cell line derived from a lymphoblastic leukemia. Such vesicles were tightly associated with the cytoplasmic microtubule network. One functional aspect of this association is a cellular pathway by which vesicles traveling to and from the cell surface converge in an area of the cells that is rich in processing enzymes. PMID- 3490691 TI - Epidemiology of drug abuse: an overview. AB - Issues regarding the use of epidemiology in drug abuse research are discussed and systems for monitoring national trends and identifying risk factors are described. Data indicate a general decline in marijuana use among youth, a cohort aging effect among heroin and marijuana users, and increased prevalence and health consequences associated with cocaine use. PMID- 3490692 TI - A common mechanism of chromosomal translocation in T- and B-cell neoplasia. AB - The chromosomal breakpoint involved in the t(8;14)(q24;q11) chromosome translocation in the SKW-3 cell line, which directly involves the 3' flanking region of the c-myc gene, was cloned and sequenced. The breakpoint on chromosome 8 mapped to a position 3 kb 3' of c-myc while the chromosome 14 breakpoint occurred 36 kb 5' of the gene for the constant region of the alpha chain of the T cell receptor (TCR). The translocation resulted in a precise rearrangement of sequences on chromosome 8 and what appears to be a functional J alpha segment on chromosome 14. Signal sequences for V-J joining occurred at the breakpoint positions on both chromosomes 14 and 8, suggesting that the translocation occurs during TCR gene rearrangement and that it is catalyzed by the enzymatic systems involved in V-J joining reactions. The involvement of c-myc in the translocation and the association of joining signals at the breakpoints provides a parallel to the situation observed in the translocations involving c-myc and the immunoglobulin loci in B-cell neoplasms and suggests that common mechanisms of translocation and oncogene deregulation are involved in B- and T-cell malignancies. PMID- 3490693 TI - Expression and characterization of the trans-activator of HTLV-III/LAV virus. AB - The human T-lymphotropic retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV encodes a trans-activator that increases viral gene expression. We expressed this trans-activator in animal cells and studied its structural and functional characteristics. The putative trans-activator protein was immunoprecipitated from overproducing stable cell lines and shown to migrate as a 14-kilodalton polypeptide on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. S1 nuclease mapping experiments showed that the trans-activator increases the levels of steady-state messenger RNA transcribed from the viral long terminal repeat promoter. Sequences within the R region of the HTLV-III/LAV long terminal repeat are essential for trans-activation. Quantitations of messenger RNA and protein showed that the protein increase was greater than the messenger RNA increase in CV1 and HeLa cells, indicating that more than one mechanism was responsible for the trans-activation and that cell type-specific factors may determine the final level of trans-activation. PMID- 3490694 TI - Age factors loom in parkinsonian research. PMID- 3490696 TI - [Potentiation of acupuncture analgesia by GABA in the dorsal raphe nucleus]. PMID- 3490695 TI - Implication of thrombin formation on the endothelial cell surface. PMID- 3490698 TI - Patterns of drug use among adolescents: the past decade. AB - In recent years investigators have examined patterns of drug use among various populations. None, however, have examined the changes in drug patterns over time. The present study analyzed changes in patterns of drug use among a population of drug-using adolescent students in Ontario (Canada). Three cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1968, 1977 and 1985, which sampled students in grades 7, 9, 11 and 13 (ranging in age from 12 to 20 years), were employed. Using eight substance types as measures (cannabis, barbiturates, stimulants, tranquillizers, inhalants, LSD, heroin and others), four general patterns were constructed: single-drug psychotherapeutic users; multiple psychotherapeutic users; exclusive cannabis users; and multiple-illicit. The findings indicated the following: a significant decrease in the representation of both exclusive and multiple psychotherapeutic users between 1968 and 1977; a significant increase in exclusive cannabis users between 1968 and 1977, and following this a decline into 1985; and a significant increase in multiple illicit users between 1968 and 1977. In all a major shift from a psychotherapeutic-illicit dichotomy to an overwhelming illicit pattern has occurred during the past decade. PMID- 3490697 TI - [Inhibitory effect of electro-acupuncture on penicillin-induced cortical epileptiform discharges]. PMID- 3490700 TI - Cyclophosphamide therapy for Weber-Christian disease associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Weber-Christian disease is an uncommon disorder of unclear etiology whose unifying feature is fatty tissue inflammation. Its association with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency produces severe clinical manifestations. Although many agents have been used to treat Weber-Christian disease, current therapy is based on the poorly documented use of corticosteroids. We have reported the case of a young man with life-threatening Weber-Christian disease associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency unresponsive to corticosteroids who responded to cyclophosphamide. PMID- 3490699 TI - Flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Seventy-seven patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and suspected of having Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) had flexible bronchoscopy. The diagnosis was established in 52 of the 54 patients (96%) who proved to have PCP. There was one false-positive result. The remaining 22 patients and the patient with the false-positive diagnosis had diseases other than PCP, or no diagnosis. Flexible bronchoscopy is a safe and sensitive diagnostic procedure in patients with PCP complicating AIDS, and is recommended as the first invasive diagnostic procedure when patients at risk for AIDS have acute pulmonary complications. PMID- 3490701 TI - [Clinico-immunological parallels in diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 3490702 TI - Dissociative anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery using ketamine and midazolam. A case report. AB - Intravenous anaesthesia with a combination of ketamine (Ketalar) and midazolam (Dormicum) infusions was administered to a 49-year-old patient, with a documented history of opiate allergy, undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. A ketamine infusion supplemented with indomethacin suppositories was used for postoperative pain control. PMID- 3490703 TI - Beneficial effects of adenosine triphosphate-MgCl2 administered intravenously to rabbits subjected to haemorrhagic shock. AB - The beneficial effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-MgCl2 administered as a bolus following fluid infusion or in combination with the infusion fluid were investigated in rabbits subjected to severe but reversible haemorrhagic shock. ATP-MgCl2 treatment led to a significant improvement of the metabolic functions of lung and liver tissue. Kidney tissue showed the same tendency, but the improvement did not reach significant levels. The release of lysosomal enzymes in vivo was retarded after treatment but not stopped. The mean arterial pressure was kept at a relatively constant level when ATP-MgCl2 was infused slowly. Administration as a bolus resulted in an immediate dramatic drop in pressure, followed by recovery and then a gradual decrease to levels which appeared to be incompatible with survival. PMID- 3490704 TI - Exostosis as a cause of spinal cord compression. AB - A patient harboring multiple hereditary exostoses with a long-lasting tetraparesis owing to intraspinal osteochondroma is described. The results of surgical treatment were poor in contrast to the results achieved by other previous authors performing decompression of the spinal cord. The related literature is briefly reviewed and conclusions are drawn in favor of computed tomographic examination of the spine of patients with vertebral complaints. PMID- 3490705 TI - Acquired and congenital von Willebrand factor abnormalities in congenital cardiac defects. PMID- 3490706 TI - [Cyclosporin A. Inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes]. PMID- 3490707 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 3490708 TI - [Associated disorders in celiac disease]. PMID- 3490709 TI - [Case study reports in the clinical picture of histiocytosis X--an interesting case]. PMID- 3490710 TI - Practice of autopsy in a rural hospital in Vanuatu. PMID- 3490711 TI - [Effect of temperature and non-temperature selection of male parental gametes on the heat resistance of the ciliated epithelium in frog progeny]. AB - Positive correlation was observed between the thermostability level of the parental sperm and that of the ciliary epithelium in the frog Rana temporaria. It is suggested that this correlation is realized by a special mechanism irrespective of the functional profile of the somatic cells. PMID- 3490712 TI - [The tic disease of Gilles de la Tourette]. PMID- 3490713 TI - [Status of cerebral hemodynamics in Meniere's disease in relation to audiovestibulometric indicators]. PMID- 3490714 TI - [Changes in the volume of the receptor cell nuclei of the vestibular apparatus in response to noise]. PMID- 3490716 TI - [Various immunological and immunomorphological changes in patients with breast cancer after interferon administration]. AB - The immunologic and immunomorphologic effect of native alpha-interferon eta phi II Parenteral) in 12 patients with stage II breast cancer was studied. A preoperative course of interferon injected into tumor was found to induce local and general immunomodulating effect which suggested activation of cellular antitumor immunity. PMID- 3490715 TI - [Otorhinolaryngologic aspects of histiocytosis X in children]. PMID- 3490717 TI - [Levels of serum immunoglobulins and circulating T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with brain tumors]. PMID- 3490718 TI - [Immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in rheumatism and infectious allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 3490719 TI - [Effect of galvanization of the epigastric area on the bioelectrical activity of the digestive tract in duodenal peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 3490720 TI - Hysterectomy in obstetrics: a comparative study. PMID- 3490721 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating intermittent Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 3490722 TI - [The role of fibronectin in nonspecific defense from the immunologic viewpoint]. AB - The present article gives a review of the essential data of literature concerning the importance of fibronectin (Fn) for the unspecific defence. In this case the function of Fn postulated as unspecific opsonin stands in the foreground. Fn mediates the binding of gelatine particles, bacteria and other above all particular materials on phagocytizing cells (monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils). Up to now it is, however, controversial whether or not this binding causes an increased endocytosis. The participation of cofactors or inhibitors and the problem whether Fn or certain proteolytic Fn-fragments are effective still need a further clarification. Fn, its fragments or Fn-substrate-complexes can activate phagocytes and have a chemotactic effect on them. The mechanism of activation is still unknown, for monocytes in increased expression of Fc- and C3b receptors is supposed. Fn might consequently perform a defence function as an unspecific cell activator and at the same time have a pro-inflammatory influence. There are controversial opinions as to the questions which phagocytes are activated and which Fn-molecules (complete plasma-Fn or fragments) are responsible. The high sensitiveness of Fn to proteolytic enzymes and denaturating processes is supposed to be one of the causes for the different results. PMID- 3490724 TI - [Abstracts. 22d meeting of the German Society for Rheumatology. 9 September-4 October 1986, Freiburg/Br]. PMID- 3490723 TI - [CRF-like immunoreactivities in mammalian brains examined with a radioimmunoassay for CRF]. AB - A sensitive and useful radioimmunoassay for CRF was established using synthetic ovine CRF. CRF-like immunoreactivities of hypothalami in the bovine, human, rat, guinea pig, and mouse could be detected with this radioimmunoassay. A variety of CRF-like immunoreactivities of hypothalami in the mammalian brains led us to discuss a putative species difference of amino-acid structure in CRF. In the bovine, CRF-like immunoreactivities of the frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and hippocampus could be detected in addition to CRF-like immunoreactivity of hypothalamus. These observations suggested a wide distribution of CRF in the central nervous system, and gave room for discussion about a physiological role of extrahypothalamic CRF. Gel chromatographic studies revealed a high-molecular-weight form of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the bovine frontal cortical profile that was not found in the hypothalamic profile. The results show a multiplicity of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the bovine brain. PMID- 3490725 TI - The development of hepatic biotransformation (ethylmorphine-N-demethylation and ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation) and their inducibility by phenobarbital in male rats delivered prematurely by caesarean section. PMID- 3490726 TI - [Brunnerioma--a rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3490727 TI - [Hemodynamic placental insufficiency and its therapeutic modification in threatened premature labor]. AB - The authors are involved in a study in the field of nuclear medicine aimed at further clarifying the connection between premature delivery and placental insufficiency. They are particularly concerned with uteroplacental perfusion at the time when a trend is emerging toward premature birth, and with ways of treating this by exclusive therapy using betamimetics and/or additional maternal oxygen inhalation/additional maternal transcutaneous dorsal nerve stimulation (TNS). The significantly longer half-life periods of activity increase found at the time of hospitalization similar to pregnancies with intra-uterine fetal retardation, as compared with a normal control group, are interpreted as expressing a hemodynamic placental insufficiency and a risk of premature delivery. In contrast to exclusive betamimetic therapy, additional O2 inhalation/additional TNS significantly shorten the half-life period both in short-time and long-time tests. The better therapeutic effect on uteroplacental perfusion in cases of imminent premature delivery which is thus demonstrated can be seen also in an improved respiratory condition of the fetus as shown in a cardiotocogram. From a clinical point of view, the authors call attention to the clearly prolonged pregnancy periods regardless of the duration of gestation, at the time when a trend is emerging toward premature birth, as compared with exclusive betamimetic therapy, the duration of tocolysis/amount of betamimetic applied being the same. PMID- 3490729 TI - Immunoglobulin abnormalities in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - In order to further investigate immunoglobulin (Ig) abnormalities in patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD), we examined 65 patients with MyD for their serum concentration of IgG in relation to their immunological functions as well as other clinical and laboratory findings. Turnover of IgG was also examined. We found significant and selective reduction of serum IgG in patients with MyD. The serum concentration of IgG in patients with MyD had a significant negative correlation with duration of illness, which suggested that serum IgG levels in MyD decreased constantly throughout the disease course. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, including functional T cell subsets, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, and in vitro IgG production were normal. The plasma cell population in bone marrow was also normal. The IgG turnover study using 125I labelled IgG as a tracer revealed an increased extravascular IgG pool, and an increased capillary permeability of intravascular IgG into the extravascular compartment, in patients with MyD. These observations suggested that the Ig abnormalities in patients with MyD were not due to a broader immunological derangements as previously postulated by other authors. The abnormal distribution of IgG is a possible factor leading to reduced serum concentration of IgG in patients with MyD. PMID- 3490728 TI - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in pubertal girls with anorexia nervosa. AB - Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) and vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) were measured in 12 pubertal girls (aged 10-18 yr) with anorexia nervosa in relapse. The results were compared with similar data obtained in 81 healthy girls representing all stages of puberty. The patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly lower 1,25-(OH)2D levels (71 vs. 124 pmol/l; p less than 0.0005), and significantly higher 24,25-(OH)2D levels (6.0 vs. 3.2 nmol/l; p less than 0.0005), whereas the 25-OHD concentrations were similar in the two groups (85.7 vs. 86.7 nmol/l). The molar ratios of 24,25-(OH)2D to 25-OHD, which reflects the relative activity of the 24-hydroxylation, were significantly higher in the anorectics (6.6% vs. 3.6%; p less than 0.0005). The mean level of DBP did not differ between the two groups, and accordingly the calculated "free-fraction of 1,25-(OH)2D" was significantly lower in the anorectic patients (p less than 0.0005). It appears that the regulatory mechanisms of the vitamin D endocrine system are altered in the patients with anorexia nervosa at puberty resulting in a relative decrease of the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D and increase of the 24,25-(OH)2D concentration. PMID- 3490730 TI - Gestrinone (R2323) binding to steroid receptors in human uterine endometrial cytosol. AB - To understand the mechanism of biological action of gestrinone (R2323), which has a therapeutic effect against endometriosis, the binding of gestrinone to numerous classes of intracellular steroid binding proteins was studied in the human uterine endometrium. Gestrinone bound to endometrial receptors for estrogen, progesterone and androgen, but seemed not to bind to endometrial intracellular corticosteroid-binding globulin and sex hormone-binding globulin. Gestrinone occupies all specific binding sites of steroids in the steroid target cells despite the presence of endogenous steroids. It is speculated that the binding behavior of gestrinone may be related to its therapeutic effect on endometriosis. Gestrinone's more avid affinity for estrogen receptor may be the reason for the ability to use a lower clinical dose of gestrinone. PMID- 3490731 TI - Differential effect of ischemia on spontaneous and sinusoidal-evoked activity in semicircular canal afferents in the bullfrog. AB - Spontaneous and sinusoidal-evoked nerve activity in semicircular canal afferent fibers of the bullfrog was evaluated prior to and following the production of ischemia of the labyrinthine arterial supply by mechanical occlusion of the vestibular artery. Neuronal spontaneous firing rates were observed to diminish by up to 100% within 10 min following the onset of ischemia. In most neurons there was a substantial increase in firing rate during the first few minutes. The sensitivity of the fibers to natural stimulation as determined by the gain in their responses to sinusoidal motion also diminished by as much as 75% over the same period. No detectable changes in the membrane potentials of the neurons were observed. The changes in excitability were closely correlated with the changes in spontaneous firing rate, but not all the neurons whose responses changed showed changes in spontaneous activity. Likewise, the relative magnitude of change varied from neuron to neuron. PMID- 3490732 TI - Cholinomimetics mimic efferent effects on semicircular canal afferent activity in the frog. AB - Acetylcholine (Ach) has received strong support as the neurotransmitter at vestibular efferent nerve endings. Ach, cholinomimetics and cholinergic antagonists were therefore applied to frog isolated whole labyrinths and isolated semicircular canals. Both spontaneous and evoked single unit and multiple unit activities were recorded from the decentralized posterior semicircular canal afferent nerve. In a manner analogous to efferent nerve stimulation, Ach produced both facilitatory and inhibitory changes in afferent firing rates. The facilitatory effect is likely mediated by muscarinic receptors (i.e. atropine antagonizes it at low concentrations). The facilitatory effect can also be elicited by muscarine and carbachol and it is likely produced presynaptically on the vestibular sensory cell. That is, the effects of Ach are not changed by removal of the efferent neurons but they are absent when afferent transmitter release is blocked. The inhibitory effect is not as well characterized as is the facilitatory effect but it can be blocked by strychnine. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that Ach is the transmitter responsible for both the facilitatory and the inhibitory effects of efferent vestibular nerve stimulation. PMID- 3490733 TI - Experimental cochleo-vestibular deafferentation with NaCl. AB - An animal experiment was performed to evaluate structural and ultrastructural changes in the inner ear as a result of placing 10-12 crystals of reagent grade sodium chloride (NaCl) in the vestibule. Chinchillas were sacrificed 8 and 24 hours after treatment and the cochlear and vestibular tissues were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Inner ear pathology consisted of extensive degenerative changes in morphology of all sensory structures of the inner ear. The extent of these pathological changes supports the idea of eventual total deafferentation of the inner ear. PMID- 3490735 TI - Primary ciliary dyskinesia: ciliary activity. AB - In primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) the cilia of the respiratory tract are immotile or they show an incoordinate, abnormal beating pattern. Consequently, mucociliary clearance is lacking. Most patients with PCD have ultrastructural abnormalities in their cilia. In some patients, however, the ciliary ultrastructure is completely normal. In this study a semi-quantitative scoring method is described for studying ciliary motility in biopsies of nasal mucosa. For every cell the frequency, coordination and amplitude of the ciliary beat are scored. Thereafter, a total score of ciliary activity per cell can be calculated. This method is simple and has proved to be reproducible. By using this scoring method the presence of a PCD can be established with certainty, whether the ciliary ultrastructure is abnormal or not. In patients with a normal ciliary ultrastructure the cilia have a rather high beating frequency (vibration). By scoring the ciliary motility in mucosal biopsies, the time-consuming electronmicroscopic investigation of the cilia is no longer necessary in most patients. PMID- 3490734 TI - Calcium transport in the endolymphatic space of cochlea and vestibular organ. AB - Ca++ concentrations and d.c. potential within the endolymphatic space of the cochlear duct and the semicircular canal following acute anoxia or ethacrynic acid intoxication (100 mg/kg i.v.) were measured by means of double-barrelled microelectrodes. Ionic calcium content and d.c. potential were found to change in a roughly biphasic fashion after either intervention. The maximal increase in Ca++ concentration coincided with the decline in the d.c. potential, which after a rapid decline finally reached and maintained negative voltages. This phenomenon was more pronounced in the cochlear part than in the semicircular canal. A model of calcium homeostasis is proposed in an attempt to reconcile the data presented with earlier evidence. PMID- 3490736 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in adults. AB - A clinicopathological examination was carried out on eight adult patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin (ATT) deficiency. Phenotyping confirmed five patients with PiMZ, two patients with PiZ-, and one patient with PiZZ. Cirrhosis was found in six of the patients, four of whom had a history of excessive ethanol consumption. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in two patients with cirrhosis. Dysplastic change was present in four patients, although no neoplasia in the liver was found in all patients. All patients had periodic acid-Schiff positive and diastase resistant inclusions of hepatocytes, which were identified as ATT by indirect immunoperoxidase stain. The possibility of the combined effects of ATT inclusions and such harmful stimuli such as alcohol or viral hepatitis infection may render the hepatocytes more susceptible to damage, and may contribute to development of cirrhosis. PMID- 3490737 TI - [Studies on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: synthesis and biological activity of 4-hydroxy-3-aminomethyl-diphenyl and 4(2)-cyclohexyl-2(4)-aminomethyl phenol derivatives]. PMID- 3490738 TI - Activation of factor XII in acetone-treated human plasma: significance of the functional state of plasma kallikrein for the extent of activation. AB - The kaolin-induced activation of factor XII (XII) to XIIa was studied in plasminogen-free human citrated plasma treated with acetone in the presence of benzamidine 7.5 mM. XIIa was assayed as prekallikrein (PK) activator. The significance of the concentrations of XII, PK and high molecular weight kininogen (HMrK) was examined using mixtures of normal plasma and plasma genetically deficient in these factors. At the high plasma dilution used (1 + 23 v/v in the kaolin incubate) a joint estimation of the factors was obtained. A reduction in amount of XII, PK or HMrK resulted in a correspondingly reduced yield of XIIa. Plasma kallikrein present was assayed as S-2302 amidase. The concentration of PK in XII-deficient plasma was normal, in HMrK-deficient plasma about 30% of normal. The activation of XII was studied in fresh plasma as well as in plasma stored for 3-6 months at -70 degrees, and the activation with acetone was carried out in the presence and in the absence of benzamidine, EDTA or purified HMrK. In previous work benzamidine was found to protect the cofactor function of purified HMrK in the assay system used, and EDTA was found to inhibit purified human plasma kallikrein assayed as plasminogen activator. The present results support the previous observations, and indicate that acetone treatment of fresh human plasma (benzamidine present) results in the activation of plasma kallikrein in a functional state that requires kinin-free, but otherwise native HMrK as a cofactor for the activation of XII.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490739 TI - Accumulation of a parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin in melanin-bearing neurons: autoradiographic studies on 3H-MPTP. PMID- 3490741 TI - Prevalence of dementia in a Japanese elderly population. AB - The geriatric community study was conducted by the Aichi Prefecture (Japan) Project. The psychiatric epidemiological survey was conducted using a stratified random sampling method. 3106 community residents over the age of 65 years, randomly selected from the whole Aichi Prefecture of Japan, were interviewed; 476 had suspected dementia. The second interviews and the neurologic examinations were carried out by psychiatrists. The prevalence of dementia was estimated to be 5.8% (moderate and severe, 2.2%; mild 3.6%) of the aged population in the community. Cerebrovascular dementia (CVD) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) was found in 2.8%, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) in 2.4%, and dementia due to other causes in 0.6%. CVD (MID) was diagnosed more frequently in men, and SDAT in women. PMID- 3490740 TI - Age, period of death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy, 1955 1979. AB - Trends in death rates from all suicides and specific methods of suicide in Italy over the period 1955-79 were analysed on the basis of age-specific and age standardised rates, and through a log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of age, birth cohort and calendar period. In both sexes, a large decrease in mortality from suicide was evident in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Thereafter, death certification rates showed fluctuating trends up to the mid 1970's, when steady increases became evident for both sexes. Nevertheless, overall age-standardized mortality rates from suicide in the late 1970's were still considerably lower than in the two previous decades (15% in males, 7% in females). The observed variations in suicide mortality, mostly in males, can be explained in terms of period of death effect and be related to changes in the Italian economic situation. This view finds further support from analysis of age specific trends (e.g. mortality rates in the younger age groups started rising in the early 1970's, together with a rise in unemployment rates among the young). Cohort curves for males born in the current century were U-shaped as well, with marked declines for generations born between 1905 and 1930, and moderate increases for more recent cohorts. For females, the cohort curve was remarkably flat. Some of the changes in the various methods of suicide can be explained in terms of well-defined exogenous factors (e.g., the large fall in poisoning by domestic gas is obviously attributable to domestic gas detoxification). PMID- 3490742 TI - [The efficacy of a tissue adhesive agent (BI 0.022) in urinary tract surgery- application to pyelo- and ureterolithotomy]. AB - To evaluate the effect of a tissue adhesive agent (BI 0.022) on renal pelvic and ureteral surgery, the adhesive was applied for 44 patients with urolithiasis. The conventional suture method was performed in 87 patients as a control. The tissue adhesive is composed of fibrinogen, thrombin, factor XIII, aprotinin and CaCl2. The number of sutures for closure of the incision made on the rental pelvis and the ureter was significantly reduced by the use of the tissue adhesive (p less than 0.01). There was no tendency of increase in urinary leakage following the application of the method in comparison with the control. Furthermore, it was noteworthy that 10 in cases with less than a 1 cm ureteral incision were completely closed by the use of the adhesive agent. This tissue adhesive agent should be valuable for renal pelvic and ureteral surgery as a simple substitute for the conventional suture method. PMID- 3490744 TI - Aortic dissection: a statistical analysis of the usefulness of plain chest radiographic findings. AB - Findings on plain chest radiographs of patients with aortic dissection are variable and often overlap those of patients without dissection. To determine which findings were most useful in predicting aortic dissection, plain chest radiographs from 36 patients with aortographically proven aortic dissection and 36 patients from a control population were randomized and analyzed independently by five radiologists for the presence of various radiographic features associated with this condition. A widened aortic knob, widened descending aorta, and widened mediastinum showed the greatest interobserver agreement (p less than .001) although the overall interobserver agreement was poor. The final conclusion of the radiologists was a better predictor of dissection than any of the individual radiographic features alone. Widening of the mediastinum (p less than .001) and widening of the aortic knob (p less than .012) were the only two radiographic features of significance in predicting dissection. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression model, the radiologists achieved an overall accuracy of 85%, a sensitivity of 81%, and a specificity of 89%. Although this illustrates the usefulness of plain chest radiographs in diagnosing aortic dissection, poor interobserver agreement dictates that further definitive investigation be undertaken. PMID- 3490743 TI - Leo J. Rigler lecture. MR imaging of the liver. AB - Recent technical and clinical advances in MR of the liver are reviewed with special reference to the role of MR as a primary screening technique for detection of space-occupying lesions, especially metastases. The major current problem in upper abdominal MR imaging is physiologic motions, and this appears to have been effectively solved by newly introduced pulse-sequence and timing parameter strategies. Short-TR/TE spin-echo sequences with extensive signal averaging and heavy T1-weighting produce images with exceptional anatomic detail and liver-cancer contrast differences. With this sequence superior sensitivity for liver-cancer detection has been shown in quantitative signal-difference to noise comparisons with other pulse sequences and in clinical comparisons with CT. MR discovered 14% more individual metastases and 3% more patients with liver cancer than CT in a blinded comparative study of 142 patients undergoing both exams. MR also showed greater specificity (98%) than CT (91%) in distinguishing patients without liver metastases. Differentiation of hemangioma from metastases was possible with greater than 90% specificity by using heavily T2-weighted sequences. Use of a fast-scan, gradient-recalled echo technique can also produce good-quality, multislice, T1-weighted studies of the liver in 20 sec--a breath hold. MR contrast agents (such as gadolinium-DTPA and reticuloendothelial-system specific, superparamagnetic ferrite-iron-oxide particles) offer further promise for enhanced sensitivity for liver-cancer detection. When optimal pulse sequences are employed, MR can now be appropriate as a primary screening method for detecting liver neoplasms. PMID- 3490745 TI - MR imaging of the central pulmonary arterial tree in conotruncal malformation. AB - Successful MR imaging of the central pulmonary arterial tree was performed in four cases of conotruncal malformation and in one case of pulmonary arterial banding. Angiography performed near the time of MR imaging in three cases and 15 years earlier in two other cases did not visualize the central pulmonary arterial tree. Multiplanar imaging was necessary to fully visualize the anatomy of complex congenital defects of the pulmonary arterial tree; the choice of imaging plane varied depending on the portion of the pulmonary artery to be evaluated. PMID- 3490746 TI - MR imaging of pulmonary emboli: an experimental study in dogs. AB - Experimental pulmonary emboli, consisting of tantalum-labeled autologous blood clots and barium-labeled 3-mm plastic spheres that did not produce an MR signal, were introduced through the femoral vein into each of five dogs. The sensitivity of MR to detect autologous clots of known size was assessed, and the size of the clot on MR was compared with its actual size. Emboli were localized by using chest radiographs made in multiple projections. Cardiac-synchronized MR imaging was performed on a 0.35-T superconducting magnet and was followed by a 99mTc macroaggregated lung scan. All 12 blood clots larger than 3 mm, and three of 20 clots less than 3 mm in transverse diameter were correctly visualized with MR. Five of the 15 clots seen on MR were larger than 150% of the actual size. There were nine false-positive emboli on MR. Two of six plastic spheres resulted in an abnormal signal on MR. MR signal from pulmonary emboli results from the thrombus itself and probably also from slow blood flow proximal to the obstruction. MR may be of value in detecting pulmonary emboli; clinical trials to evaluate its usefulness should be carried out. PMID- 3490747 TI - New cineradiographic methods for assessment of Bjork-Shiley valve integrity. AB - The Bjork-Shiley prosthesis has been used extensively for valvular replacement since 1969. Despite its widespread use, it is subject to complications that can be assessed with cineradiography. New methods are presented for assessment of incomplete closing and opening angles that occur with valvular malfunction. Alternative methods of cineradiographic measurement are compared with each other and with the new method. The new method is an appropriate alternative when the conventional double-profile method cannot be used and distributes the burden of performance and complexity between the technologist and radiologist. This new method is shown to be accurate to within 1 degree. PMID- 3490748 TI - Rebound thymic hyperplasia after treatment of Cushing's syndrome. AB - Rebound thymic hyperplasia has been described in children and young adults after recovery from stress. Similar thymic enlargement has been observed in patients after remission of Cushing's syndrome. In one patient successfully treated for ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome by resection of a bronchial carcinoid with a hilar metastasis, the postoperative enlarging mediastinal mass suggested recurrent tumor. In another patient treated for an undetected ectopic ACTH source by a cortisol antagonist, the enlarging thymus could be confused with a thymic carcinoid. The typical thymic appearance on CT and the chronologic relation to declining cortisol levels should prevent such diagnostic errors. PMID- 3490749 TI - Baseline screening mammography: one vs two views per breast. AB - To compare the advantages of one-view vs two-view mammography screening, films were reviewed for 2500 consecutive asymptomatic women undergoing baseline mammography. To provide screening at low cost, examinations were limited to two radiographs per breast, one each in the craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections, with the understanding that those few patients with detected abnormalities would require additional mammograms, taken with an individually directed, problem-solving approach, at considerably higher cost. Two separate interpretations were made of each case, one using only the oblique projection images, the other using both oblique and craniocaudal views. Two-view interpretations not only identified more cancers than one-view readings (27 vs 25), they also required fewer additional mammograms to evaluate potential abnormalities (179 vs 642, 7% vs 26%). These advantages outweigh the additional radiation risk and added cost. Baseline screening mammography should be done with two views per breast. PMID- 3490750 TI - The retroperitoneal spaces revisited. PMID- 3490751 TI - Extraperitoneal spaces. PMID- 3490752 TI - Anomalous hepatic duct inserting into the cystic duct. PMID- 3490753 TI - Value of flow technique for double-contrast examination of the stomach. PMID- 3490754 TI - Angiographic management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3490755 TI - Patterns of liver injury in childhood: CT analysis. AB - Forty-eight consecutive cases of liver injury diagnosed by CT in hemodynamically stable children were analyzed retrospectively for anatomic location, type of injury, associated nonhepatic injuries, and complications. It was found that the right lobe was involved in 83% of all injuries, and that the posterior segment of the right lobe was injured most often. Right-sided injuries were usually superficial and simple, while left-sided injuries were more likely to be deep and complex. Significant complications were associated with deep, complex, perihilar injuries. Retroperitoneal blood collections were noted around the adrenal, in a distribution not previously described. Injuries of the hepatic dome were most characteristic and were often associated with injuries of the lung base, kidney, ribs, and pneumothorax. PMID- 3490756 TI - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: CT spectrum and pathologic correlation. AB - Because of recent papers suggesting that subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE) (Binswanger's disease) is more common than historically assumed, this investigation was initiated to assess the frequency of SAE, to gauge the reliability of CT in making this diagnosis, and to assess the strength of the correlation between SAE and arterial hypertension. Of 202 autopsied patients in a 17-month period, 82 had undergone antemortem CT. Of these, 20 had CT findings thought to represent varying degrees of the disease spectrum of SAE. Microscopy confirmed this diagnosis in 18 cases. The pattern of diminished attenuation in the white matter was periventricular in 16 patients (marked asymmetry in one) and limited to an isolated focus somewhat removed from the ependyma in two. Among the 16 with periventricular disease, the extent of the process by CT appeared mild in nine, moderate in five, and severe only in two. There were two false positive CT diagnoses of SAE. Among a control group of 10 patients with normal white matter by CT, seven had some microscopic evidence of SAE, although it was generally less severe than in those with positive CT scans. Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is common and can be identified in its various forms by CT with a high degree of reliability. PMID- 3490757 TI - Head injury: early results of comparing CT and high-field MR. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of CT and high-field MR (1.5 T) were compared in an evaluation of 30 patients with head injuries (eight acute, 15 subacute, and seven chronic). By using T1- and T2-weighted images, it was possible to detect various stages of hemorrhages and their separation from edema. In the acute category, both CT and MR showed acute hemorrhagic lesions, but only MR demonstrated coexisting chronic hematomas or small hypothalamic or brainstem infarctions. MR was far superior to CT in the detection and characterization of subacute injuries, including shearing injuries, hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic contusions, and subdural hematomas. In chronic injury, atrophy was demonstrated by both techniques, but only MR showed parenchymal abnormalities and old hemorrhages. Its ease in monitoring patients and its greater speed make CT the procedure of choice for the evaluation of acute cases. CT also provides information that is useful in deciding between surgery and medical management. However, the more precise anatomic depiction of MR and its sensitivity to parenchymal abnormalities make MR the key to correct prognosis in patients with subacute or chronic injury. PMID- 3490758 TI - Gd-DTPA in clinical MR of the brain: 1. Intraaxial lesions. AB - Over 35 intraaxial lesions in 15 patients suspected of having intracranial tumors were studied with MR before and after injection of Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Diseases included primary and metastatic brain tumors, plaques of multiple sclerosis, occult arteriovenous malformations, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, and pituitary adenoma. The precontrast T2-weighted sequence (SE 2000/30, 60) was found to be most sensitive in detecting intraaxial lesions, showing 17 lesions that were not seen on the post-Gd-DTPA T1-weighted sequence (SE 500/30). In one case of multiple sclerosis, several lesions seen on the pre-Gd-DTPA study on T2 weighted images faded after injection of Gd-DTPA (due to T2 shortening). In two patients with large metastatic foci, other small metastatic lesions were seen better after Gd-DTPA on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Four other patients with only one focal-enhancing lesion and one patient with multifocal lesions on T1-weighted images actually had a much larger single glioma depicted on pre-Gd DTPA T2-weighted images. In a patient with AIDS, a ring-enhancing lesion thought to be an abscess proved to be lymphoma. The cryptic arteriovenous malformations enhanced but showed more characteristic findings, such as hemorrhage, on pre-Gd DTPA studies. Our experience suggests that Gd-DTPA may not improve sensitivity of MR in the detection of intraaxial lesions. However, functional aspects of brain disease, such as the presence of perfusion of a lesion and active breach of the blood-brain barrier, are depicted well with Gd-DTPA and are vital for proper diagnosis in many instances. PMID- 3490759 TI - Gd-DTPA in clinical MR of the brain: 2. Extraaxial lesions and normal structures. AB - Fifteen patients with suspected extraaxial tumors were evaluated with MR before and after intravenous injection of Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Meningiomas (7), neurinomas (4), chordomas (2), a previously irradiated dural metastasis, and a giant aneurysm were studied. All the lesions except the dural metastasis enhanced. In two patients with asymptomatic meningiomas, the use of Gd-DTPA with MR allowed definitive diagnosis of the lesions when the routine MR did not. Gd DTPA also provided improved definition of intracranial tumor margins, produced differential enhancement of dura and nasopharyngeal mucosa from tumor, and caused enhancement of the choroid plexus, some venous structures, the pituitary gland, and its stalk. The enhancement of the pituitary suggests a role for Gd-DTPA in the diagnosis of microadenomas. Routine T2-weighted images without Gd-DTPA were useful in differentiating neurinomas from meningiomas. Judicious use of Gd-DTPA should improve the ability of MR to detect extraaxial lesions, delineate their extent, and characterize their perfusion. PMID- 3490760 TI - Inferior vena caval stent filter. AB - New inferior vena caval filters for percutaneous placement were made by attaching filter wires similar to those in the bird's nest inferior vena caval filter onto expandable metallic stents. These stents formed a base on which to anchor the filter to the wall of the inferior vena cava. The stent filter can be introduced through a 12- to 13-French catheter sheath system. The system was successfully tested in 13 dogs. PMID- 3490761 TI - Expandable intrahepatic portacaval shunt stents in dogs with chronic portal hypertension. AB - A canine experimental model was used to investigate the feasibility of using balloon-expandable portacaval shunts in humans with chronic portal hypertension. Intrahepatic portacaval shunts were created in nine dogs with stable portal hypertension previously induced by intraportal injections of polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon). Embolic material was injected periodically through a subcutaneous port that allowed repeated access to the portal system. Shunts were placed 14 weeks after the last embolization. A shunt patency rate of 100% was observed up to 48 weeks. Low portacaval pressure gradient and high shunt flow accounted for the good results. PMID- 3490762 TI - MR imaging of the thyroid. AB - The thyroid gland was evaluated with MR imaging in six normal subjects and 32 patients with thyroid disease. The purpose was to evaluate signal characteristics of normal and diseased thyroid tissue; determine the contrast between normal and diseased tissue on T1- and T2-weighted images; compare relaxation times of normal thyroid, adenomas, and carcinoma; and assess the capability of MR for showing the extent of large thyroid masses. Adenomas and carcinomas were frequently isointense with normal thyroid tissue on T1-weighted images but had markedly higher intensity on T2-weighted images. The mean T1 (1202 +/- 717 msec) and T2 (118 +/- 48 msec) relaxation times of adenomas were markedly longer than the T1 (721 +/- 97 msec) and T2 (59 +/- 10 msec) times of normal thyroid tissue. Likewise, the T1 and T2 values of carcinomas were markedly prolonged compared with normal thyroid but the values overlapped with those of the adenomas. Sagittal and coronal images effectively depicted the extent of large goiters, adenomas, and carcinomas and indicated extension below the cervicothoracic junction. The marked prolongation of relaxation times associated with thyroid disease causes excellent contrast of lesions with normal thyroid and surrounding structures. The large field of view possible with coronal and sagittal images is useful for assessing extensive thyroid masses. These attributes indicate the potential clinical utility of MR for evaluating thyroid disease. PMID- 3490763 TI - MR artifacts: a review. AB - The process of creating MR images frequently gives rise to artifacts in the final display. Many artifacts may be corrected or ameliorated through an understanding of their cause. This requires familiarity with scanner design; theory of operation; and image acquisition, generation, and display. Some artifacts are obvious, totally degrading the image; others are regional, leaving much of the scan undisturbed. In some cases, the degradation is permanent; in others, the data can be reprocessed or manipulated to yield artifact-free images. Some artifacts are overt and easily identified. Others, such as those caused by phase shift or gradient-strength effects, are subtle and require careful observation for detection. PMID- 3490764 TI - Boundary artifact due to truncation errors in MR imaging. AB - A boundary artifact in MR images due to truncation of the infinite Fourier series necessary to encode tissue discontinuities was investigated by using doped water phantoms and normal volunteers. All images were obtained on 0.3-T permanent and 0.6-T superconducting MR imagers with varying phase and frequency sampling rates. The artifact appeared in both the phase and frequency encoding direction as parallel lines or ringing adjacent to borders or tissue discontinuities. This was unlike motion artifacts, which occur predominantly in the phase direction, and chemical shift misregistration errors, which are most pronounced in the frequency direction. Increasing the sampling frequency from 128 to 512 resulted in higher frequency ringing and more rapid drop-off in amplitude. Low-pass digital filtering also decreased the ringing at the expense of fine detail. The truncation of the infinite Fourier series necessary to encode edges to the 128 512 terms used for most MR imaging produces the artifact. It is important to recognize this common artifact and not mistake it for patient motion or disease. PMID- 3490765 TI - A new device for exercise MR imaging. PMID- 3490766 TI - Malpractice and radiologists, update 1986: an 11.5-year perspective. AB - All medical malpractice lawsuits filed in Cook County, IL, from January 1, 1980, through June 30, 1986, were reviewed and compared with similar data for the period of January 1, 1975, through December 30, 1979. A total of 11,203 suits were filed during the 11.5-year period; of these, 1391 (12%) were radiology related. The latter were categorized into six groups. The largest was missed radiologic diagnoses, which accounted for 40% of the total. The remaining groups included complications, 19%; failure to order, 17%; radiation therapy, 11%; slip and fall, 5%; and miscellaneous, 8%. Over the 1975-1986 period, the rise in the number of suits alleging radiologic misses outpaced all other groups. Although the most common type of miss continues to involve fractures, the frequency of missed carcinomas has grown at a disproportionately faster rate. Misses specifically involving CT, nuclear medicine, and sonography also are becoming more prevalent. Radiographic misses continue to occur at an average rate of 30%, with little hope of improvement. Methods to combat the rising number of malpractice suits are discussed. It is concluded that although programs to educate radiologists on risk management should continue, the ultimate solution may be a more enlightened public attitude as to what actually constitutes malpractice, and institution of tort reform measures by federal and state legislatures. PMID- 3490768 TI - Multiple granular cell tumors of the skin and gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3490767 TI - MR imaging and CT of extrahepatic cavernous hemangiomas. AB - Ten extrahepatic cavernous hemangiomas in seven patients were evaluated by MR and CT. MR was done with a 1.0-T superconducting magnet and spin-echo imaging. The lesions occurred in the musculoskeletal system, parotid gland, and spleen. MR and CT features of hemangiomas were compared, and MR findings in hemangiomas were also compared with those in eight musculoskeletal tumors of nonvascular origin. MR detected 10 hemangiomas, while nine were shown by CT. Also, MR was more accurate than CT in three patients in determining the true extent of hemangiomas. At a pulse-repetition interval of 2000 msec and an echo delay time of 90 msec, all hemangiomas were markedly hyperintense compared with skeletal muscle. Quantitatively, at this pulse sequence, intensity ratios of hemangiomas to skeletal muscle were all seven or greater (mean = 9.89), while the ratios for other tumors were usually less than seven (mean = 5.14). These means differed significantly (p less than .001). Small cavernous hemangiomas were homogeneous, well-defined round or oval lesions, while large hemangiomas consisted of dilated, tortuous vascular channels. Other tumors, however, were usually heterogeneous owing to hemorrhage and necrosis and had irregular margins. MR may, therefore, be useful for distinguishing cavernous hemangiomas from other soft-tissue tumors, particularly sarcomas. PMID- 3490769 TI - Double images in plain film radiography: a motion artifact. PMID- 3490771 TI - Technological volatility and the aging radiologist. PMID- 3490770 TI - Microcomputer-based graphics for radiology. PMID- 3490772 TI - The American Board of Radiology to consider added qualifications. PMID- 3490773 TI - Localized tissue MR spectroscopy. PMID- 3490775 TI - CT evaluation of soft-tissue hemorrhage. PMID- 3490774 TI - Densitometric screening for osteoporosis: a radiologist's perspective. PMID- 3490776 TI - Avascular necrosis of the hip. PMID- 3490777 TI - The mammography report. PMID- 3490779 TI - Free-standing imaging centers. PMID- 3490778 TI - What really happens in imaging centers: issues of finance and control. PMID- 3490780 TI - HLA-DR typing and lymphocyte subset evaluation in rheumatic heart disease: a search for immune response factors. AB - Several autoimmune diseases have been associated with increased frequencies of specific histocompatibility (HLA) antigens, particularly for the D (DR) locus, that may be linked to immune response genes. Rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) has been postulated to have autoimmune features, but HLA associations have not been established. We, therefore, performed HLA-DR typing in 33 consecutive patients with RHD and in 82 normal blood bank control subjects. We also evaluated the frequencies of lymphocyte subsets by means of monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence flow cytometry and made functional correlations for the natural killer cell (NKC) in patient subsets. The DR patterns in RHD were heterogeneous. However, significant differences were noted for DR4 and DR6. DR4 was present in 52% (17 of 33) of RHD patients vs 32% (26 of 82) of control subjects (p less than 0.05). DR6 was present in 6% (2 of 33) of patients vs 26% (21 of 82) of control subjects (p less than 0.02). The associated relative odds of DR4 was 2.3 and the etiologic fraction was 0.30. The relative odds of DR6 was 0.19 and the preventive fraction was 0.21. A distinct clinical profile was not associated with DR4 positivity or DR6 negativity. The frequency of lymphocyte subsets was not significantly changed except for OKT8. Median NKC numbers tended to be higher in RHD patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.05). In contrast, NKC functional activity tended to be lower in RHD; median lymphocyte to target cell (K562 line) ratio resulting in 50% killing (L/T 50) was 20.5 in RHD patients vs 11.5 in control subjects (p = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490781 TI - Unexplained sinus bradycardia: clinical significance and long-term prognosis in apparently healthy persons older than 40 years. AB - The significance of sinus bradycardia (SB) in clinically healthy, non-endurance trained, middle-aged and older persons is unknown. From 1,172 normal volunteers, aged 40 to 96 years, enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, 47 subjects, aged 58 +/- 13 years, with SB (less than 50 beats/min) were identified by rest electrocardiography and were compared with a group of control subjects matched for age and sex. The prevalence of unexplained SB was approximately 4% and was nearly identical in men and women. At the latest follow-up examination, after a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, the SB group had a higher prevalence of associated conduction abnormalities (first-degree atrioventricular [AV] block, left-axis deviation, and complete or incomplete right bundle branch block) than the control group (43% vs 19%, p less than 0.05). On maximal treadmill exercise testing, performed in 44 patients within 1 visit of their most recent examination showing SB, maximal heart rate (157 +/- 18 beats/min) did not differ significantly from that of control subjects (163 +/- 19 beats/min); exercise duration, however, was greater in the former group, 11.0 +/- 2.8 vs 9.7 +/- 3.1 minutes (p less than 0.05). No patients with SB had syncope, high-degree AV block or other manifestation of sick sinus syndrome during follow-up. Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or cardiac death occurred in 8% of patients with SB and 11% of control subjects over the observation period (difference not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490782 TI - Medical and surgical survival in coronary artery disease in the 1980s. AB - The survival of 1,657 patients with angiographically proved coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied for 4 years (mean 2.0 +/- 1.2) during the 1980s to examine the prognostic importance of multiple clinical variables. One hundred of the 1,049 medically treated patients (9.5%) and 31 of the 608 surgically treated patients (5.1%) died. Multivariate analyses revealed that the strongest prognostic variables for survival in the medical group were indexes of left ventricular function (p less than 0.0001), severity of coronary stenoses (p less than 0.0001) and age (p = 0.005). However, only age (p less than 0.0001) was a significant prognostic variable in the surgically treated group. This study emphasizes the lack of prognostic significance of left ventricular function indexes and severity of coronary stenoses in surgically treated patients with CAD. These results continue the trend toward improved surgical survival shown in recent years. PMID- 3490783 TI - DTP vaccine litigation. PMID- 3490784 TI - Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide vaccine. Physician acceptance and use of a new vaccine. AB - The introduction of Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide vaccine in 1985 provided an opportunity to study the extent to which physicians have adopted the use of the new vaccine in their routine practice behavior, the factors that predict Hib vaccine use by physicians, and how physicians have chosen to deal with differing recommendations for its administration. We surveyed all physicians providing primary care to children in New Mexico six to eight months after vaccine licensure to assess their knowledge of existing recommendations and their current behavior regarding use of the Hib vaccine. Of the 369 primary care physicians who responded, 100% of pediatricians, 98% of family practitioners, and 91% of general practitioners were aware that a vaccine against invasive Hib disease had been licensed. Sixty-three percent of physicians surveyed were currently using the vaccine. Vaccine usage varied significantly by specialty, with 86% of pediatricians reporting use compared with 61% of family practitioners and 31% of general practitioners. Physicians were significantly more likely to use Hib vaccine if they were young and if they worked in the private sector rather than the public sector. The three sets of recommendations for Hib vaccine use had been widely read; 85% of respondents had read at least one set. Practitioners confronted with differing recommendations had elected to give the vaccine permissively within existing guidelines. Our findings suggest that practitioners have adapted quickly to the introduction of Hib vaccine but that nonuse of the vaccine in the public sector remains an obstacle to full implementation of this prevention strategy. PMID- 3490786 TI - Medical problems of space flight. AB - Several consistent medical problems have been encountered by astronauts during space flights. These include vestibular dysfunction, weight loss, increase in height, upward fluid shift, anemia, cardiovascular deconditioning, muscle atrophy, and bone loss. Almost all of these alterations can be attributed to the absence of gravitational force. Most are adaptive in nature and therefore reversible, but readaptation after returning to earth may cause further problems (e.g., in the case of vestibular dysfunction). The most recalcitrant and disturbing of all these problems is the relentless bone loss associated with negative calcium balance. This problem appears to be irreversible, and critical demineralization can occur after two years in a weightless state. Unless its mechanism is elucidated and preventive measures are taken, the bone loss may prove to be the medically limiting factor for the duration of space flight. PMID- 3490785 TI - Congenital rubella. Monoclonal antibody-defined T cell abnormalities in young adults. AB - In order to determine if congenital rubella infection is associated with persistent T cell abnormalities, T cell subsets were quantitated in 16 non institutionalized subjects (ages nine to 21) with the clinical stigmata and history of congenital rubella. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a decreased T4/T8 ratio (mean +/- SEM in subjects with rubella, 1.57 +/- 0.15, p less than 0.01; in normal subjects, 2.3 +/- 0.4; in subjects with type I diabetes, 2.3 +/- 0.3), decreased percent of T4-positive "helper" cells (42.6 +/- 2.3) different from that in both normal subjects (52.6 +/- 2.4, p less than 0.01) and subjects with recent-onset diabetes (51.5 +/- 2.4), and increased percent of T8-positive "suppressor/cytotoxic" T cells (29.9 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.02) relative to that in normal subjects (24.2 +/- 1.5) and subjects with type I diabetes (23.9 +/- 1.4). Five of 16 subjects with congenital rubella had an elevation of la-positive T cells. Approximately 20 percent had antimicrosomal antibodies. One subject had diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism, one had hypoglobulinemia, and one had previously undiagnosed hyperthyroidism. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were normal in all except the diabetic subject, and none of the subjects was islet cell antibody-positive. The T cell abnormalities documented may predispose persons with congenital rubella to the development of organ-specific autoimmunity. PMID- 3490787 TI - Antibodies to phospholipids and nuclear antigens in patients with repeated abortions. AB - The frequency of positive tests for antibodies to nuclear antigens (antinuclear, deoxyribonucleic acid, Ro, La, Smith, and ribonucleoprotein) or to phospholipids was investigated in 82 patients with isolated repeated abortions. Patients with a positive antibody test (positive or negative deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies) appeared to be a separate subgroup of those with unexplained repeated abortions from those with antibodies to cardiolipin. A total of 13.1% of the 61 patients with unexplained repeated abortions had elevated levels of IgM and/or IgG anticardiolipin antibody, while none were found in patients with explained abortions (p less than 0.1). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies binding to other phospholipids suggested that sera from patients with repeated abortions who had the lupus anticoagulant contained antibodies that were most often of the IgG class with affinity for negatively charged phospholipids. Binding of IgG but not IgM antibodies to cardiolipin correlated closely with that to other negatively charged phospholipids. The use of clotting tests for the lupus anticoagulant to screen patients with repeated abortions for associated autoantibodies is likely to significantly underestimate the extent of this clinical problem. PMID- 3490788 TI - The relationship between trypsin activity in amniotic fluid and premature rupture of membranes. AB - Trypsin activity and concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin in amniotic fluid were measured in patients with and without premature rupture of membranes. Trypsin activity in amniotic fluid with premature rupture of membranes (127 +/- 57 U/L) was found to be significantly higher than in cases without premature rupture of membranes (14 +/- 20 U/L) (p less than 0.01). The concentration of alpha 1 antitrypsin in amniotic fluid with premature rupture of membranes (6.8 +/- 5.5 mg/dl) was significantly lower than in cases without premature rupture (25.2 +/- 20.2 mg/dl) (p less than 0.01). Trypsin activity and concentration of alpha 1 antitrypsin in amniotic fluid were not influenced by rupture of membranes and labor. These studies suggest that high trypsin activity and low concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin in amniotic fluid is one cause of premature rupture of membranes. PMID- 3490789 TI - Aqueous amino acid levels in Fuchs' corneal dystrophy. AB - Eight patients with Fuchs' corneal dystrophy and 11 matched senile cataract patients were examined at the time of surgery for aqueous humor amino acid levels. The cataract patients had amino acid levels that did not differ significantly from control values. The anterior chamber concentrations of threonine, glutamine, and arginine were found to be significantly increased in the patients with Fuchs' corneal dystrophy. Asparagine, phosphoserine, and phosphoethanolamine were found to be significantly decreased in patients with Fuchs' dystrophy. PMID- 3490790 TI - The significance of double phenotypic patterns and markers in human sarcomas. A new model of mesenchymal differentiation. AB - Six soft-tissue sarcomas with two separate and juxtaposed histologic patterns were selected for immunohistochemical analysis. The first pattern was represented by five phenotypes (schwannian-skeletal muscle [Triton], cartilagenous, synovial, adipocytic, and smooth muscle). In each case the second histologic pattern resembled the fibrohistiocytic phenotype, ie, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). No other histologic patterns were identified. Appropriate cell markers were demonstrated in each of the first patterns; these were not detected in the second patterns. In contrast, the second pattern in all cases expressed alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, a marker commonly found in fibrohistiocytic lesions; this was not identified in any of the first patterns. This loss of one cell-specific marker and gain of another is termed the "antigenic shift" phenomenon and appeared to foretell the emergence of a true second phenotype (the same in each of these cases, which could be termed "dedifferentiated" sarcomas). Therefore, it is hypothesized that MFH is a final common pathway for some types of sarcomas and is the result of tumor progression or "dedifferentiation." The practical implications of this hypothesis concern the approach to sarcoma differential diagnosis and the meaning of an MFH pattern in both metastatic and primary sites. On a theoretic level, this hypothesis and the antigenic shift phenomenon force a reconsideration of the pathways of soft-tissue differentiation. A new model of mesenchymal differentiation incorporating these concepts is described and supported. It provides an explanation for a number of facts in soft-tissue pathology, and its predictions can be tested. PMID- 3490791 TI - Modulation of murine schistosomiasis by exogenously administered prostaglandins. AB - The effect of parenteral administration of prostaglandins, 15-(s)-15-methyl PGE1 (M-PGE) and PGF2 alpha (PGF) on the pathophysiologic manifestations of active murine Schistosoma mansoni infection was examined. Both M-PGE and PGF resulted in a nearly 50% suppression of granuloma size following a 7-day course of treatment. M-PGE and PGF appeared to act by different mechanisms. The former caused a broad spectrum immunosuppression manifested as reduced splenomegaly, B-cell proliferation, and antigen-specific interleukin-2 (IL-2) production as well as decreased granuloma macrophage Ia antigen expression, superoxide anion (O2-) production, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) production. In contrast, PGF did not ameliorate splenomegaly, but caused increases in splenic asialo-GM1 (natural killer cells) and L3T4 (helper) positive T cells. Prostaglandin F also reduced IL 2 production, but to a lesser extent that M-PGE. Although PGF caused reduced granuloma macrophage Ia expression and O2- production, it did not suppress IL-1 production. Overall, these data show that PGs can significantly modulate immunopathologic events in chronic granulomatous disease states. PMID- 3490792 TI - Chromosomes, genes, and cancer. PMID- 3490793 TI - Intracellular pH regulation in frog skin: a 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - The 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of single frog skins were monitored during perfusion with reference and experimental solutions, permitting each tissue to serve as its own series control. Over an external pH (pHo) range of approximately 7.25-7.64 U, the intracellular pH (pHc) displayed both homeostasis and response. External alkalinization produced a transient intracellular regulation, but pHc returned to its base-line value even in the absence of a further change in pHo. Below this range, pHc was linearly and strongly dependent on pHo with a slope close to 1, when the external pH was varied by addition of nonvolatile base. Measurements were generally performed with tissues bathed in Ringer solutions containing 2.5 mM HCO3- and bubbled with 99% O2-1% CO2. Replacement of external Cl- by gluconate reversibly increased pHc by 0.34 +/- 0.05 U. Substitution of SO4(2-) for Cl- also alkalinized the cells; pHc was increased by 0.16 +/- 0.01 U in the presence of the standard concentration of external HCO3-, but an alkaline shift was only just detectable (0.05 +/- 0.02 U) in its nominal absence. The application of 1 mM 4-acetamido-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid blocked the sustained intracellular alkalinization characteristically produced by external Cl- replacement but did not alter the reduction in short-circuit current and increase in transepithelial resistance caused by gluconate substitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490794 TI - Serial analysis of renal blood flow by positron tomography with rubidium-82. AB - To determine whether renal blood flow can be measured by positron-emission tomography (PET) during constant infusion of rubidium-82 (82Rb) using a steady state kinetic model, studies were performed in 10 dogs at control (n = 10), during mild flow reduction (n = 7), during severe flow reduction (n = 10), and after reperfusion of the kidney (n = 3). PET data were quantified to determine mean concentration of 82Rb (Ct) in each transverse section of the kidney. The arterial concentration (Ca) of 82Rb was measured by well counting of arterial blood samples during the equilibrium scan. 82Rb renal uptake (Ct/Ca) correlated nonlinearly with microsphere renal blood flow according to a steady-state kinetic model (r = 0.90). 82Rb estimated flow was 3.16 +/- 1.36 ml X min-1 X g-1 at control and 1.56 +/- 0.57 and 0.37 +/- 0.59 during mild and severe flow reductions, respectively. Microsphere determined flow was 2.89 +/- 0.77 ml X min 1 X g-1 at control, 1.58 +/- 0.42 at mild reduction, and 0.27 +/- 0.49 at severe reduction. In the occlusion and reperfusion model, the 82Rb estimated flow during occlusion was 0.21 +/- 0.15 ml X min-1 X g-1 and on reperfusion went up to 2.13 +/- 1.08. The contralateral kidney demonstrated reductions in the 82Rb estimated flow of 3.02 +/- 1.62 ml X min-1 X g-1 (63%) and 2.92 +/- 0.89 (61%) during mild and severe flow reductions, respectively. We conclude that PET with 82Rb permits serial quantitative assessment of renal flood flow. PMID- 3490795 TI - Replication of lower lymphocyte blastogenesis in depression. PMID- 3490797 TI - [Measurement of cerebral blood flow. Technical improvements and practical value in the evaluation of the ischemic risk and prognosis in neurological lesions]. PMID- 3490796 TI - Blacks in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS): race and clinical decision making. AB - For patients enrolled in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), surgery was recommended for 46.5 per cent of Blacks and 59.4 per cent of Whites, despite similar clinical and angiographic characteristics. Of those recommended, 80.5 per cent of Blacks and 90.4 per cent of Whites had bypass surgery. These differences were most apparent for Black laborers. Overall, only 38.0 per cent of Blacks had coronary artery bypass surgery, whereas 58.4 per cent of Whites received surgery. PMID- 3490798 TI - [Positron tomography in the study of the effects of carotid stenosis and occlusion on oxygen consumption and cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 3490799 TI - [Cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow. Practical significance of combined measurements in the evaluation of the ischemic risk]. PMID- 3490801 TI - [Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in normal pregnancy and fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 3490800 TI - Otologic manifestations of the hydantoin syndrome. AB - The temporal bones of a newborn infant with hydantoin syndrome showed multiple middle ear and inner ear anomalies. There was a constellation of bony and membranous defects involving the oval and round windows, cochlear ducts, cochlear aqueducts, endolymphatic ducts and sacs, and vestibular labyrinths. To the authors' knowledge, supernumerary vestibular sensory epithelial structures and an inner ear epidermoid cyst have not been previously reported. Wide communications between the subarachnoid space and inner ear were of surgical relevance. PMID- 3490802 TI - [Disoprivan for the induction and maintenance of short anesthesia]. AB - Disoprivan (Propofol) was used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia for short surgical procedures in non-premedicated and premedicated (0.5 mg atropine, 3 mg midazolam) patients. A dose of 130-150 mg Disoprivan was adequate for induction, and a dose of 72 and of 62 micrograms/kg body weight/min anaesthesia respectively, for maintenance, together with N2O/O2 2:1. The anaesthesia was characterized by an apnoea of 40-60 s duration, a decrease in arterial blood pressure of 20%, a slowing of heart rate in non-premedicated patients by 12 beats/min and a rapid and pleasant recovery with lack of emetic sequelae. Disoprivan is considered useful for this type of anaesthesia. PMID- 3490804 TI - An ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of human epidermal growth factor. AB - We have developed a sandwich-type time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR IFMA) for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in body fluids. A two-step solid phase technique was used. The assay utilizes a polyclonal anti-hEGF attached to the solid phase, and a monoclonal anti-hEGF labeled with Europium (III) as a tracer. The sensitivity of the assay (2.5 pg/ml) is at least 20 times better than what has been achieved by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the measuring range is much wider: 2.5-5000 pg/ml. The feasibility of TR-IFMA was tested by assaying urine containing large amounts and amniotic fluid containing small amounts (mostly undetectable by RIA) of immunoreactive hEGF. The correlation between urine hEGF concentrations (1-100 ng/ml) measured by RIA and TR-IFMA was good: r = 0.96. PMID- 3490803 TI - [Propofol in comparison with etomidate for the induction of anesthesia]. AB - In the present study propofol and etomidate were compared with respect to the effects on the cardiovascular system and its side effects in 100 patients ASA grade I-IV. Anaesthesia was induced with 2.2 mg kg-1 body weight propofol. Supplemented with opioids and benzodiazepins the dose diminished to 1.8 mg kg-1 body weight (18.2%). In comparison with etomidate after propofol decrease in blood pressure was more marked, especially when supplemented with opioids and benzodiazepins but without supplementation these values ranged within acceptable limits. Following intubation blood pressure and heart rate after propofol increased only to the base line values contrary to etomidate. Following propofol administration smooth induction with very good ventilation was remarkable. Myocloni and anaphylactoid reactions were not seen. Pain on injection was frequent but thrombosis and phlebitis were not observed. There was a considerably lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with etomidate. The investigators concluded: propofol can be recommended for induction of anaesthesia as an alternative to etomidate. PMID- 3490805 TI - Calcium-binding protein (28,000 Mr calbindin-D28k) in kidneys of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana during metamorphosis. AB - A protein of approximately 28,000 relative molecular mass (Mr) cross-reacting with antiserum against the 28,000-Mr rat renal calcium-binding protein (calbindin D28k) has been localized in the kidney of a salientian amphibian, Rana catesbeiana. Cells reactive for calbindin-D28k were found in the distal tubule at all stages of metamorphosis by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Adult kidneys appeared to have more calbindin-D28k-positive cells. The renal corpuscle, neck, and proximal tubule were negative. An immunoreactive 28,000-Mr band that comigrated with the band of calbindin-D28k was visualized by the immunoblot technique. The finding of the 28,000-Mr calbindin-D in the anamniotic kidney demonstrates that this calcium-binding protein (CaBP) is phylogenetically older than our previous studies of higher vertebrates had revealed (Rhoten et al., 1985). Although the function of calbindin-D28k in the distal nephron is unknown, this CaBP can now be presumed to have functional significance in the mesonephric as well as the metanephric kidney. PMID- 3490806 TI - Further observations on perioperative myocardial ischemia. PMID- 3490807 TI - [Effects of intermittent muscle stimulation on muscle catabolism in patients immobilized in the ICU]. AB - Are muscular contractions obtained by electrical stimulation able to reduce muscle catabolism in immobilized patients? Ten patients (65 to 79 yr old), hospitalized in an intensive care unit for postoperative failure or cerebral infarction, were studied during nine days. Artificial nutrition was the same for each patient during the study. Two periods of four days where defined and randomized for each patient, separated by one day; during the stimulation period (S), intermittent electrical stimulation of the muscles of the legs (external electrodes) was performed daily 2 X 30 min; during the non-stimulation period (NS), muscular stimulation was not performed. Urinary excretion of nitrogen (micro-Kjeldhal digestion and Nessler procedure), creatinine (Jaffe reaction) and 3-methylhistidine were measured every day. Results (X +/- SD) are as follows: the nitrogen balance (g/d) was -1.29 +/- 1.26 during the NS period and 1.43 +/- 1.10 during the S period (NS); 3-methylhistidine (mumol/kg/d) was 3.78 +/- 0.37 during the NS period and 3.15 +/- 0.32 during the S period (p less than 0.01); creatinine (mumol/kg/d) was 92.9 +/- 6.8 during the NS period and 72.9 +/- 25 during the S period (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that a significant decrease in 3-methylhistidine and creatinine excretions is observed during the S period. In intensive care unit patients, muscle protein breakdown may be influenced by intermittent electrical muscle stimulation. PMID- 3490808 TI - Humaneness of an electroimmobilization unit for cattle. AB - Application of an electroimmobilization unit was evaluated in adult Holstein cows. Twenty cows were acclimated to being led from their stanchion, down a corridor, and into a set of stocks. After the first 7 sessions when the cows were exposed to a conditioning stimulus, cows were assigned to 4 groups of 5. One group served as a control group, 2 groups were given a high or low stimulus with the electroimmobilizer immediately after the conditioning stimulus, and 1 group was given saline solution IM. These stimulus treatments were repeated 10 times, followed by an extinction trial of 10 sessions when stimulus treatments were stopped. The time taken to enter the stocks, the heart rate before and after treatment was given, and an assessment of the physical reaction were used as measurements of the response of each cow. At the end of the stimulus treatment phase, cows in high- or low-stimulus groups had significantly greater (P less than 0.05) reluctance to enter the stocks and had higher heart rates during the period before they were given the stimulus. These cows also had significantly greater (P less than 0.05) physical reaction than did cows in the control group and the group given the IM injection. Cows given the IM injection demonstrated significantly (P less than 0.05) greater physical reaction than did cows in the control group. Seemingly, electroimmobilization was a noxious event and was more noxious than a simple IM injection. PMID- 3490809 TI - Canine and feline aural hematoma: clinical, experimental, and clinicopathologic observations. AB - The pathogenesis of canine and feline aural hematoma (AH) was investigated. Clinical observations, selected experimental procedures, and clinicopathologic examinations were done on 40 dogs and 20 cats affected with AH. Eighteen healthy dogs and 14 healthy cats were used as the controls. The results of this investigation provide a valid basis for questioning the conventionally held view that AH is caused by trauma and for postulating that the actual cause is immune mediated. PMID- 3490810 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as cavitating and noncavitating solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Among 150 cases of microscopically proved Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia secondary to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) seen by our pulmonary service from January 1982 to January 1986, P. carinii presented roentgenographically as a solitary pulmonary nodule in 2 patients (1.3%). It was the sole cause of the nodules as determined by clinical and roentgenographic response to specific drug therapy, examination of specimens obtained at fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and examination of lung specimens obtained at autopsy. In one of the patients, the nodule appeared to develop a large central cavity, which was confirmed at autopsy. In patients with AIDS, a solitary pulmonary nodule with or without cavitation may rarely represent P. carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3490812 TI - The selective role of endoscopic sclerotherapy in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Twenty-one patients (62% Child's C) underwent endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) to control hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Four patients exsanguinated; bleeding was controlled in the remaining 17 patients (81%). Of this latter group, 14 patients were discharged from the hospital and three patients died from causes other than hemorrhage. A protocol of continued ES was offered to those patients with estimated poor hepatic reserve and to those with excellent reserve who refused portasystemic shunt procedures. During a mean 13 month follow-up of the six patients in this group, rebleeding occurred in two patients (one of whom died). All three patients with excellent hepatic reserve who underwent elective portacaval shunt have suffered neither morbidity nor further hemorrhagic episodes. No significant morbidity related to ES was encountered. ES is recommended in the acute phase of managing all patients with unremittent variceal hemorrhage, and on a continued basis for those with poor hepatic reserve. Patients with excellent reserve should be offered elective portasystemic shunt, accepting the risk of surgical intervention as fair trade-off for its superiority over ES in controlling hemorrhage. PMID- 3490811 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A report on the Second International Conference on AIDS. PMID- 3490813 TI - Persistence of trophozoites after successful treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3490814 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, hiccups, and esophageal ulcers. PMID- 3490815 TI - Neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy as a possible contribution to lens dislocation. AB - We report on a patient with angle-closure glaucoma in the right eye that was apparently triggered by lens subluxation and tilting forward after trauma to the eye. Further inferior dislocation of the lens was detected after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser iridotomy was performed superotemporally. We suspect that the Nd:YAG laser iridotomy, which was performed peripherally, might have induced further zonular rupture and lens dislocation due to a shock-wave effect, especially when the lens was already tilted forward. We suggest that the use of the Nd:YAG laser in cases in which subluxation of the lens is suspected should be considered as potentially hazardous. PMID- 3490816 TI - Stromal keratitis with anterior membrane dystrophy. AB - Anterior stromal nummular infiltrates developed in a 55-year-old woman with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome and associated anterior basement-membrane dystrophy. Gram and Giemsa stains showed no organisms, and cultures revealed no growth at 72 hours. Stromal keratitis can complicate recurrent corneal erosions associated with anterior basement-membrane dystrophy. PMID- 3490817 TI - Bee sting-induced ocular changes. AB - A six-year-old boy was stung by a bee on his right cornea. A severe conjunctival injection, chemosis, marked corneal edema, and hyphema developed. A partially dislocated lens, partial iris atrophy, and cataract formation were subsequently noted. He was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids. Later, the subluxated cataract was removed through the pars plana approach. PMID- 3490819 TI - [These vestibular problems in the absence of gravity...]. AB - For a few years, more and more astronauts complain to endure space motion sickness during the two or three first days of their mission. This is due to the repetition of shifting and sudden head movements, which becomes possible by the increasing of volume of the new space stations. To avoid that payload specialists onboard be obliged to renounce to conduct planned experiments, it has been necessary to find effective solutions to detect by ground based tests the candidates sensitive to space motion sickness and perfect therapeutic means able to avoid unexpected arrival of these symptoms, and even to treat them. The best results are undeniably obtained by the "Biofeedback" and the "tolerance" training, but we base wide hopes on ginger roots and on tolerance with sensorial deprivation lockers. However, we must not disregard the trigger action of emotional factors and anxiety in space motion sickness. The European mission SPACELAB-1 has been marked by the display of a caloric nystagmus during the vestibular experiments in weightlessness. If no explanation is given to this phenomenon, it will be necessary to call in question the role of the thermal convection described by Barany in the appearance of the caloric nystagmus. PMID- 3490818 TI - [Neurinomas with normal brain stem auditory evoked potentials]. AB - Of 145 neurinomas operated upon, 2% had normal brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BERA). Potentials were obtained by means of a special technique allowing extraction every 600 ms and its follow up with time (brain stem temporal dynamic). This score of 2% was also that reported by some American authors who associate electrocochleography with BERA. The latter provide an accurate diagnosis in 96% of cases of all types of tumors taken together and in 91% of cases of small tumors. Furthermore, the performance of conventional scan imaging is accurate in only 25% of small tumors whereas gas meatocysternography detects more than 95% of cases. The latter method is therefore the most sensitive one but it possesses the disadvantage of being invasive and of costing much more than BERA, which remains therefore the least invasive examination providing the best and earliest diagnosis. PMID- 3490820 TI - [ORL selection of French astronauts]. AB - Strict criteria were used, under the control of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) to select seven French spationautes for future participation in human cargo space flights to take place between 1987-1991 within the framework of the scientific missions of the USA and USSR. Data and results of the clinical O.R.L. examinations and vestibular tests conducted during medical operations of this selection procedure are presented. PMID- 3490821 TI - [Mondini's syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two children presented with congenital deafness from internal ear malformations of the Mondini type which had provoked recurrent attacks of meningitis due to foot of stapes fistulae. Good results were obtained after vestibular plugging. Anatomical pathways taken by the fistulae are described and certain important points emphasized. PMID- 3490822 TI - [Preparation, spectral studies (IR, NMR) and pharmacologic approach to a series of 2-arylthieno(2,3-c)benzo(e)pyran-4-ones]. PMID- 3490823 TI - [Hepatic and duodenal biotransformation in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix): activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and coumarin 7-hydroxylase]. AB - In vitro cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity was studied in hepatic and duodenal microsomes from the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) with two substrates, 7-ethoxycoumarin and coumarin. The rate of formation of 7 hydroxycoumarin--as the main metabolic product--was followed by fluorometry. 7 Ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity (7-ECOD) was shown in liver and duodenum, but coumarin 7-hydroxylase (Cou 7-OH) was found only in liver. The requirement for some cofactors (NADPH), the inhibitory action of CO, optimal pH and temperature, kinetic constants (Km, Vm, and the spectral dissociation constant, Ks) were determined in all cases. Specific activities were found in the range 1-4 nmole/mg/min, 0.1-1 nmole/mg/min, and 0.5-3 nmole/mg/min for hepatic and duodenal 7-ECOD and hepatic Cou 7-OH, respectively. The coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity showed some striking features, inhibition by excess of substrate and high inhibition by alcohols. PMID- 3490824 TI - [Lower digestive hemorrhage in adults. Epidemiology and diagnostic approach. Retrospective analysis of a series of 147 consecutive cases]. PMID- 3490825 TI - Deciduous tooth emergence and physique of Velama children of Southeastern Andhra Pradesh, India. PMID- 3490826 TI - Effect of antibiotics on adherence of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - During antibiotic therapy for serious Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in children, respiratory mucosal colonization with this organism is suppressed but not eradicated. To define possible mechanisms contributing to this suppression, the ability of six antibiotics to influence the adherence of H. influenzae type b to human epithelial cells was investigated. In assays in which the organisms were grown in broth containing 0.5 X the MIC of rifampin, ampicillin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, all drugs except rifampin significantly reduced bacterial adherence. In assays in which nonreplicating organisms were exposed to the antibiotics, all six drugs reduced the adherence of the bacteria. In assays in which the epithelial cells were exposed to the antibiotics, all drugs reduced bacterial adherence. In addition, the presence of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole appeared to facilitate the release of organisms adherent to epithelial cells. Thus, antibiotics appear to inhibit adherence of H. influenzae type b to human epithelial cells and may interfere with bacterial or epithelial cell binding sites. These observations may explain the suppression of H. influenzae type b mucosal colonization that occurs during antibiotic treatment of patients with systemic H. influenzae type b infections. PMID- 3490827 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (Ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (Ro 15-8074). AB - Ceftetrame (Ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (Ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. They did not inhibit S. faecalis, S. faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium JK species, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including ampicillin-resistant isolates, were inhibited at less than 0.25 micrograms/ml. Both agents inhibited Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Citrobacter diversus, and Aeromonas hydrophila resistant to ampicillin, cephalexin, and cefaclor at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, although many isolates of Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia marcescens resistant to cefotaxime were not inhibited by these agents. A marked inoculum effect was noted for Enterobacteriaceae carrying the Richmond Sykes type 1A chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases, but plasmid-mediated beta lactamases did not hydrolyze the compounds. Both drugs inhibited the chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of E. cloacae, P99. PMID- 3490828 TI - 7 alpha-formylamino substituent confers beta-lactamase-inactivating potency on 1 oxacephalosporins. AB - 7 alpha-Formylamino-1-oxacephalosporins 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-[2- (methylaminocarbonyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H -tetra zol-5 yl)thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (F1) and 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-(2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1- yl)carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetamido)-3 [(1-methyl-1H-tetr azol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (F2) were stable against penicillinases and, moreover, inactivated cephalosporinases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae. Extensive studies of the inactivation of cephalosporinase of P. aeruginosa showed that it resulted from the formation of a transiently stable enzyme-compound complex. The 7 alpha-formylamino substituent was involved in the enzyme inactivation, because 7 alpha-methoxy congeners did not inactivate the enzyme. The number of compound molecules required for inhibition of an enzyme molecule was found to be 36 for F1 and 5.5 for F2, which suggests that the pathway to the complex formation branched off the hydrolysis pathway. Half-lives of the complexes were 400 min for F1 and 260 min for F2. 7 alpha-Formylamino compounds F1 and F2 had antibacterial activities similar to those of 7 alpha-methoxy congeners against beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria, whereas they were less active against non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The conclusion was that the 7 alpha-formylamino substituent conferred the ability to inactivate cephalosporinase on the 1 oxacephalosporins tested, without much impairment of their antibacterial activity. PMID- 3490829 TI - Identification of two forms of glycogen phosphorylase in Dictyostelium. AB - It has been known for 20 years that during cellular differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum, glycogen is degraded to provide the glucose precursors that are required for the synthesis of the end-products of development. Because this pathway provided a distinct developmentally regulated event, a number of laboratories have investigated the regulation of the first step in glycogen degradation, glycogen phosphorylase. Of particular interest was the possible regulation of this enzyme by cAMP. Cyclic AMP is know to act as a signal in this organism for both chemotaxis and cell differentiation. The phosphorylase activity was found to increase during development and, therefore, it has been used in many studies as a marker for late stage development. However, only one form of the phosphorylase was found, and therefore it was concluded that cAMP was not involved in regulation of this key step in the developmental pathway. Here we report the discovery of a second form of the enzyme. This form is completely dependent on AMP for activity and is found only in the undifferentiated stage. This second form contains several of the properties of the nonphosphorylated enzyme that occurs in systems that are regulated by cAMP. This result and the recent discovery of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase has rekindled the possibility that at least one of the effects of cAMP in this organism occurs via a cAMP dependent cascade of phosphorylation; that is, the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and subsequent production of the precursors for the end-products of development. PMID- 3490830 TI - Import and processing of P-450SCC and P-450(11) beta precursors by corpus luteal mitochondria: a processing pathway recognizing homologous and heterologous precursors. AB - Maturation of the precursor forms of bovine cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 (P-450SCC) and 11 beta-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 (P 450(11)beta) was investigated using mitochondria from bovine corpus luteum. The results show that both precursors, whose synthesis was directed by bovine adrenocortical RNA, can be imported and proteolytically processed to their corresponding mature forms by bovine corpus luteal mitochondria, even though P 450(11)beta is not expressed in this tissue. Furthermore, the efficiency of processing of pre-P-450(11)beta by corpus luteal mitochondria is similar to that of pre-P-450SCC, an endogenous enzyme of these mitochondria. However, the P 450(11)beta precursor is not processed by mitochondria from a nonsteroidogenic tissue (heart), a result observed previously for the P-450SCC precursor (M. F. Matocha and M. R. Waterman (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8672-8678). This discriminatory processing of pre-P-450(11)beta by heterologous mitochondria suggests that the precursor forms of P-450SCC and P-450(11)beta are processed via a common pathway in steroidogenic mitochondria and that this pathway is absent in nonsteroidogenic mitochondria. PMID- 3490831 TI - [Efficacy of intra-arterial high-dose leucovorin and 5-FU including combination chemotherapy]. PMID- 3490832 TI - Coexistence of hydroa vacciniforme and malignant lymphoma. AB - Ten years after the onset of hydroa vacciniforme (HV), a 16-year-old boy developed edema and red induration of the face, ears, and dorsa of the hands. Aggravation of cutaneous manifestations was associated with general malaise, headache, fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and an increase of several serum enzymes. The vesicle was situated intraepidermally with thrombosis and hemorrhage underneath. This confirmed the diagnosis of HV. In addition, dense cell infiltrate was seen in deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies of the dermal cell infiltrate and lymph node showed an infiltrate of helper T lymphocytes with an atypia and histiocytic cells (S100[ ], alpha-subunit[+]). Hence, we concluded HV and malignant lymphoma coexisted in this patient. PMID- 3490833 TI - Results of coronary bypass surgery in elderly women. AB - One hundred two female and 102 male patients all older than 70 years who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between 1978 and 1983 were matched according to age, anginal status, ejection fraction (EF), number of bypass grafts, and year of operation. These 204 patients were characterized by a mean age of 73 years, a mean EF of 64%, a mean of 3.2 bypass grafts per patient, and unstable angina in 82%. Statistical analyses were performed on the following variables in conjunction with patient sex to determine whether the two samples (women and men) can be considered representative of a single patient population: preoperative resting ECG, stress test result, number of diseased vessels, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, presence of carotid artery disease, use of an internal mammary artery graft, incidence of operative death, perioperative myocardial infarction (MI), hospital complications, late MI, recurrent angina, late death, and cumulative survival. All differences were small and failed to reach statistical significance except that women had a higher incidence of recurrent angina-like chest pain and a higher incidence of ischemic changes in the preoperative ECG and men had a higher incidence of conduction abnormalities. We conclude that in this age group, CABG is equally beneficial to women and men in terms of survival, but may result in less subjective symptomatic benefit in women. PMID- 3490835 TI - Hand-mirror-cell variant of B-cell lymphoma with hypercalcemia. AB - The first (to my knowledge) case of confirmed hand-mirror cell (HMC) non Hodgkin's lymphoma is described in a 56-year-old white woman. Surface-marker analysis indicated that the cells were B cells with surface IgM (lambda). The HMC phenomenon was considered to be real since it was seen on both Wright-Giemsa and supravital stains. In addition, this patient had uncontrollable hypercalcemia and unusual bone-scan findings. The significance of HMC and hypercalcemia in non Hodgkin's lymphoma is discussed. PMID- 3490834 TI - Cephalosporin therapy for salmonellosis. Questions of efficacy and cross resistance with ampicillin. AB - The new cephalosporins should be explored for Salmonella septicemia efficacy, because of multiple-drug resistance, the high incidence of patient allergies to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and the limited number of antibiotics with proven efficacy. This study reports on six widely used cephalosporins: cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone with respect to in vitro killing of Salmonella. This in vitro activity was related to the stability of the agents to beta-lactamases. Cefoperazone was the least stable, followed by cefamandole and cephalothin. Cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone were the most stable. The beta-lactamase unstable agents permitted regrowth of beta-lactamase-producing salmonella within 36 hours. Standard susceptibility tests showed good inhibitory levels by these unstable agents at 18 hours, but the minimum inhibitory concentrations increased dramatically with longer incubation periods. Based on these results, past cephalothin failures for ampicillin-resistant Salmonella can be explained. Additionally, there should be a dichotomy of effectiveness in the new cephalosporins depending on their beta-lactamase stability. The stable cephalosporins deserve further clinical trials in the treatment of beta-lactamase producing Salmonella infections. PMID- 3490836 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal bleeding. A case control study. AB - This study looked at the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (AUGIB). Fifty-seven consecutive patients presenting to hospital with AUGIB were compared with 123 sex- and age-matched controls. Twenty-four (42.1%) of the 57 AUGIB patients were taking NSAIDs compared with 23 (18.1%) of the 123 control subjects. Patients whose AUGIB was associated with NSAID use were significantly older than the group whose bleeding was not associated with drug use; no other differences between these two groups was found. Seventy percent of patients taking nonacetylsalicylic acid who developed bleeding in this study did so within three months of starting therapy. Abdominal pain was an infrequent presenting complaint. PMID- 3490837 TI - [Rheumatic manifestations of distal tubular acidosis. Apropos of a case]. AB - In a 13 year-old boy treated for polyarthritis, nephrocalcinosis and an inability to acidify urine were observed. Distal renal tubular acidosis may be associated with articular manifestations and is reversible with the usual treatment with alkali as are the other manifestations of the disease. PMID- 3490838 TI - [Respiratory manifestations of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in children. Clinical, biological and respiratory function study in 132 cases]. AB - Clinical, biologic and respiratory functional data from 132 children with alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency were analysed. There were 52 girls and 80 boys. The phenotypes Pi were MZ in 72 cases, S in 32 cases, SZ in 6 cases, M null in 2 cases, S null in 1 case and other Pi in 19 cases. Mean serum AAT level was 147 +/ 40 mg/100 ml. Fifty-four children presented with upper respiratory tract infections, 61 with allergic respiratory symptoms and 5 with cystic fibrosis. Respiratory function tests showed minor abnormalities: decreased FEV1/VC (77%), increased Raw (218%), trapped gas was present (44%) and Vmax 25 (57%) decreased. Finally Technetium 99 lung perfusion scan was abnormal in 9 of 15 studied cases. It is suggested that AAT deficiency may predispose to developing chronic obstructive lung disease in childhood. PMID- 3490839 TI - Statistical analysis of a liquid phase radioimmunoassay for immune complex determination. AB - A computer program is presented which enables iterative determination of the weighted standard curve and the quality control parameters calculation for the liquid phase radioimmunoassay which employs binding of labelled C1q as a measure of the presence of immunological complexes in serum samples. 22 independently performed laboratory tests were evaluated with respect to the presence of relationship between the dose (standardized human IgG aggregates) and response (fraction of radiolabelled C1q bound). On 14 occasions the plotted curve was sigmoidal in shape, the rest of the curves did not reach lower or upper asymptote. When the logistic transformation of this data was used the dose response curve was linear and could be plotted with the use of the least square method. This allows calculation of the two other parameters of the sigmoidal curve (slope and midpoint). The slope of the weighted regression line, intercept point with the axis of ordinates and correlation coefficient were determined by means of the least square method for weighted linear regression with repetitions. When the iterative procedure was completed, content of immunological complexes in sera was calculated. The program is written in Fortran for the ODRA 1300 computer series. The printout consist of three parts. First part contains the original data, parameters and information about the form of input data. The second part of the printout consist of the results, obtained from non-weighted and weighted regression lines and the plotted regression line. The third part of the printout contains the final results of immune complexes determination. PMID- 3490840 TI - [Histiocytosis X: report of a clinical case]. PMID- 3490841 TI - Effect of reserpine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in control and migraine subjects. AB - The regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose metabolism (RCMRGlu) in five headache and six control subjects was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using the tracer 2-deoxy-D-[1-11C] glucose before and after the administration of reserpine. The short half-life of the carbon 11 tracer made possible a test-retest paradigm wherein each subject served as his own control in assessing the effect of reserpine on RCMRGlu. Thus, measurements were first performed with subjects at rest and subsequently at 1 1/2 hours after the parenteral administration of reserpine (rest-reserpine). In control subjects without history of migraine, reserpine did not induce headache, and, furthermore, PET measurements 1 1/2 hours after drug administration consistently showed a global increase in RCMRGlu over resting values similar to that observed in a normal control (rest-rest) group not receiving reserpine. By contrast, four of the five subjects with migraine began to experience a mild unilateral headache or visual disturbances 1 1/2 hours after reserpine, at which time PET scanning showed a 5% to 30% decline in RCMRGlu below the values that had been measured before reserpine injection, all well outside of the 99% confidence limits of normal variation separately determined on 25 control subjects (rest-rest). There was no apparent laterality, and subjects with a history of either common or classic migraine responded in a similar manner. The difference in percent change in RCMRGlu following administration of reserpine observed in these four subjects with migraine headaches was significantly different over all regions of interest as compared with all six control subjects receiving the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3490842 TI - Epidemiological considerations in sudden hearing loss: a study of 183 cases. AB - We have studied certain epidemiological problems not often encountered in the literature, involving patients with sudden hearing loss. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study on 183 patients at the University of Padova and found that: age at the onset of the hearing loss incurred is closely associated with the presence of concomitant diseases; partial or total recovery of hearing is strongly predicated by the variables of age at onset and the interval between onset of hearing loss and the beginning of treatment given. We have also used polar-coordinate diagrams to show that cases of sudden hearing loss tend to be cyclic and are more prevalent in the central months of each season. PMID- 3490844 TI - Cervical myelopathy in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperosteosis. PMID- 3490843 TI - Atherosclerosis in aortocoronary bypass grafts. Morphologic study and risk factor analysis 6 to 12 years after surgery. AB - Segments of aortocoronary vein grafts from a selective group of 42 patients who underwent a second revascularization procedure or came to autopsy 6 to 12 years after coronary bypass surgery were studied. Complex atheromata often associated with an acute thrombus were present in 71% of the grafts. In 14% of the cases, aneurysms of the atherosclerotic type were noted. The medical records of 40 of these patients were reviewed. Special attention was paid to risk factors associated with coronary artery disease. A control population of 535 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery and had not had recurrence of symptoms requiring reoperation 5 or more years later was drawn from the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry. Significantly higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels and lower high density lipoprotein levels were noted in the patients undergoing two bypass procedures. In addition more diabetics, cigarette smokers, and patients with abnormal lipoprotein phenotypes were noted in the study group. Hypertension did not appear to be a significant risk factor. Atherosclerosis appears to be an important factor in late graft failure. Vein grafts that develop atherosclerosis appear to be susceptible to aneurysm formation. Risk factors associated with atherosclerosis in coronary arteries also appear to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis in aortocoronary bypass grafts. PMID- 3490845 TI - Lack of direct effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD) on protein kinase C activity in EL4 cells. AB - In vivo administration of TCDD produces an increase in the level of Protein Kinase C in the hepatic plasma membrane. We have studied the direct effects of TCDD on cultured EL4 thymoma cells, which contain a large amount of Protein Kinase C and respond to phorbol esters with rapid translocation of the kinase to the membrane, followed by growth inhibition, adherence to substrate and production of interleukin 2. TCDD (10-1000 nM) did not compete with 3H-phorbol dibutyrate for binding to cytosolic Protein Kinase C, and had no effect on Protein Kinase C activity in vitro. TCDD did not stimulate translocation of Protein Kinase C to the membrane, and did not affect phorbol ester-stimulated translocation. TCDD did not inhibit EL4 cell growth or affect phorbol ester induced growth inhibition, and failed to stimulate production of interleukin 2. Thus, TCDD does not appear to activate Protein Kinase C in EL4 cells. PMID- 3490846 TI - Human recombinant interleukin 1-mediated suppression of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured rat costal chondrocytes. AB - Effects of human recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1) on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan were examined with cultured rat costal chondrocytes. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into glycosaminoglycan was strikingly diminished by the addition of IL-1 in a dose- and time- dependent manner. When the cells were cultured with 340 micrograms/ml of IL-1 for 72 hr, the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan was inhibited to 10% of the control. On the other hand, IL-1 had no effect on the morphology and proliferation of the chondrocytes. The suppression of glycosaminoglycan synthesis remained unchanged after the addition of indomethacin, indicating that the effect of IL-1 is independent of the enhanced synthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 3490847 TI - Identification of the human T-lymphocyte protein-tyrosine kinase by peptide specific antibodies. AB - We have recently cloned a cDNA from the human T-cell leukemia, JURKAT, having homology with the src-like family of protein-tyrosine kinases. We have made rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the synthetic peptide CKERPEDRPTFDYLRSVLEDFFTATEGQYQPQP (cys-33-pro) deduced from the carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence predicted by the JURKAT cDNA. In this report, we demonstrate that these antibodies immunoprecipitate the protein-tyrosine kinase activity from solubilized membrane extracts from JURKAT T-leukemia cells and from human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from normal donors. A 58 kd protein, exhibiting protein-tyrosine kinase activity, was specifically immunoprecipitated in both cases. The antibodies failed to crossreact with pp60c-src from human platelets, but did crossreact with the murine T-lymphocyte protein-tyrosine kinase, pp56T cell. PMID- 3490848 TI - P-450(11beta)-dependent conversion of androgen to estrogen, the aromatase reaction. AB - Purified bovine adrenal P-450(11)beta has been shown to act as an aromatase which catalyzes conversion of 19-oxoandrostenedione to estrone. No conversions took place when any one of the required components such as NADPH, NADPH:adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin and P-450(11)beta was omitted from the complete reconstituted system. P-450scc, another mitochondrial P-450 obtained from adrenal cortex, did not substitute for the P-450(11)beta in the aromatase reaction. These results show that P-450(11)beta is able to catalyze a series of reaction which can generate adrenal estrogen through androstenedione and its 19-hydroxy- and 19 oxo-derivatives. The P-450(11)beta-dependent reaction appears to be quite different from the placental aromatase reaction in that the latter is catalyzed by a microsomal P-450. PMID- 3490849 TI - Bradykinin-induced changes in inositol trisphosphate mass in MDCK cells. AB - Bradykinin produces increases in cytosolic calcium in MDCK cells. We have extracted and separated Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate by HPLC and after-acid hydrolysis and conversion to the hexatrifluoro-acetyl derivative quantitated by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry the mass of inositol trisphosphate in MDCK cells. Bradykinin causes an increase in the mass of Inositol trisphosphate from basal levels of 152 pmoles/mg cell protein to 537 pmoles/mg cell protein by 10 secs of stimulation. We conclude that bradykinin stimulates PLC hydrolysis of PIP2 with rapid release of IP3 in sufficient amount to account for the increase in cytosolic Ca++. PMID- 3490850 TI - Hyaluronic acid is an endogenous inducer of interleukin-1 production by human monocytes and rabbit macrophages. AB - When human peripheral monocytes and rabbit peritoneal macrophages were incubated with hyaluronic acid, the media were found to contain interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity and to stimulate collagenase production by rabbit fibroblasts. A digestion of hyaluronic acid by testicular hyaluronidase decreased the IL-1 inducing activity. Polymixin B, an inhibitor of endotoxin, did not exert any effect towards the action of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid also stimulated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes to produce IL-1 like activity. These results indicate that hyaluronic acid is an endogenous IL-1 inducer and may play important roles in the pathological and/or physiological changes of connective tissues. PMID- 3490851 TI - Induction of the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 66 kd soluble protein by DMSO in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that a 66 KD cytoplasmic protein (TPP 66) is newly phosphorylated on tyrosine when human peripheral blood T lymphocytes are incubated with a variety of agents that activate these cells or augment activation by known mitogens. Since DMSO has been shown to activate tyrosine specific protein kinases we have examined the role of this agent on the phosphorylation of TPP 66. 5 to 40% DMSO induced the phosphorylation of TPP 66 with the maximal increase in phosphorylation seen at 20%. Concentrations greater than 40% were inhibitory. Phosphorylation of TPP 66 in DMSO treated cells could be detected as early as 2 min following the addition of DMSO, with increased [32P]O4 incorporation over the next 60 min. The phosphorylation was on tyrosine residues demonstrated by base hydrolysis of TPP 66 extracted from the gels followed by single dimension high voltage electrophoresis. Since DMSO augments activation of T lymphocytes by lectins, this data provides further support for a critical role for the tyrosine phosphorylation of TPP 66 in the mediation or modulation of T lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3490852 TI - V1a vasopressin-induced accumulation of inositol trisphosphate in cultured rat aortic myocytes; modulation by protein kinase C. AB - Arginine vasopressin stimulated the accumulation of labeled inositol phosphate in cultured rat aortic myocytes prelabeled with tritiated myo-inositol. This accumulation was prevented by pretreating the myocytes with the phorbol ester PMA. The time-course and concentration-effect curves were similar for inositol phosphate formation in myocytes and contractile effects on isolated aorta. Vasopressin agonists also stimulated inositol phosphate formation, whereas vasopressin-induced response could be inhibited by V1a-specific antagonists. These results suggest that stimulation of inositol phosphate formation in myocytes is due to V1a receptor activation and could be modulated by protein kinase-C-mediated mechanisms. PMID- 3490853 TI - The relationship between epidermal growth factor receptors and the terminal differentiation of A431 carcinoma cells. AB - The replication of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells is inhibited by epidermal growth factor (EGF), with 5 ng/ml of EGF causing 50% inhibition of cellular proliferation. EGF resistant clones isolated from A431 cells were able to replicate in the presence of 100 ng/ml of EGF. That this insensitivity to EGF was probably due to a decrease in the expression of EGF receptors (EGFR) on the cell surface was shown using an EGFR cDNA probe to detect a 68% to 85% decrease relative to parental cells in the amount of EGFR mRNA in the EGF resistant clones. A corresponding decrease in surface EGFR levels was also detected in EGF resistant clones as measured by 125I-EGF binding. Eighteen percent of A431 cells cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days entered a pathway of terminal differentiation, as expressed by the formation of envelope-competent cells, whereas EGF resistant clones exhibited a considerably greater capacity to mature, even when cultured in serum-containing medium. The findings suggest that the concentration of EGFRs is important for the capacity of epidermal cells to undergo terminal differentiation in vitro. PMID- 3490854 TI - Central action of the antidepressant drug pirlindole. AB - The central action of 2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-methyl-1H-pyrazino[3,2,1 j,k]carbazole hydrochloride (pirlindole, PIR) in mice and rats was studied. PIR inhibited the 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake in the rat cerebral cortex, not affecting the uptake of 3H-noradrenaline. PIR counteracted the reserpine ptosis but did not alter the apomorphine hypothermia. It enhanced the L-dopa effect on the locomotor activity and the L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP)-induced head twitch reaction in mice. PIR also facilitated the effect of L-dopa and L-5 HTP on the hind limb flexor reflex of the spinal rat. The clonidine sedation (but not hypothermia) was attenuated by PIR. PIR given repeatedly for 18 days increased the binding of 3H-prazosin in the brain cortex (decreasing the KD value), but did not affect the binding of 3H-dihydroalprenolol. The obtained results indicate that PIR inhibits the 5-HT uptake, displays characteristics of a monoamineoxidase inhibitor and, when given repeatedly, increases the binding to alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the cerebral cortex. PMID- 3490855 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of fluocortolone in long term therapy of patients with rheumatic and hematologic diseases]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of fluocortolone (Ultralan oral) and its effect on plasma cortisol levels were investigated during long-term treatment of patients with rheumatic and haematological diseases with different doses of fluocortolone. Fluocortolone was administered in the morning and plasma levels of fluocortolone and cortisol were measured in samples obtained 1.5, 3, 4, and 5 h p. adm. by means of specific radioimmunoassays. Maximum concentrations of fluocortolone in plasma (Cmax) and areas under the fluocortolone plasma level curves (AUC) increased linearly with the dose. The peak time (tmax = 2.04 +/- 0.85 h) and the plasma half-life (t1/2 = 1.53 +/- 0.52 h) were independent of the dose administered. Cortisol suppression as indicated by morning cortisol levels below 50 ng/ml plasma was not observed with doses below 10 mg/d. PMID- 3490856 TI - [Hematemesis secondary to esophageal varices as the only manifestation of pre hepatic portal hypertension. Report of 4 cases]. PMID- 3490857 TI - Morphine subtracts subcomponents of haloperidol-isolated postural support reflexes to reveal gradients of their integration. AB - Although cataleptic rats do not spontaneously orient, scan, or walk, they will cling, stand, right themselves in the air, and resist being displaced from a stable position (Schallert, Whishaw, De Ryck, & Teitelbaum, 1978). Morphine produces a state of immobility in which all reflexes used for stable static support (e.g., standing, righting, clinging, and bracing) appear to be inhibited (De Ryck, Schallert, & Teitelbaum, 1980). Addition of morphine to haloperidol abolished or reduced those reflexes used to defend against slow postural displacements (e.g., bracing) but left intact those used to protect against fast postural displacements (e.g., righting in the air). However, although intact, these responses to fast postural displacements were completely abolished by labyrinthectomy, showing that they were controlled only by vestibular inputs. During recovery from morphine's effects, the responses to slow postural displacements reemerged, revealing fractional subcomponents. Furthermore, the reorganization of the subcomponents proceeded along specific body gradients; for example, bracing and standing reemerged caudorostrally, while at the same time, righting and clinging reemerged rostrocaudally. PMID- 3490858 TI - [Changes in several immunological parameters and the presence of anti-HTLV III antibodies in drug addicts]. AB - The immunological picture in a group of heroin addicts and in a methadone treated group was evaluated. Ninety-six per cent shows modifications of the lymphocyte pattern, independently of the type of opium derivative administered. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio considered one of the hallmarks of acquired immunodeficiency, turns out to be reduced in 64.6% of the cases. In these latter the most outstanding defect is made up by the T-helper drop (83.8% of cases), limited to 23.5% in the group with normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio. The most significant variant between the two groups is represented by the positivity of anti-HTLV III test, which switches from 47 to 74.1% in the patients with reduced ratio. Immunoglobulins turn out to be increased in 81.2% of the cases, independently of the opium derivative administered and without significant differences in relation to the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Therefore two immunological patterns seem to coexist in the population studied, which very likely represents two evolutive moments of the same disorder with an earlier phase of hyperimmune condition from a persistent antigenic stimulation which characterizes the situation at risk. In a later phase, the impact of HTLV III infection causes the deletion of the lymphocyte helper subpopulation which elicits the immunodepressive situation. PMID- 3490860 TI - Complement activation produced by biomaterials. PMID- 3490859 TI - Separation of human lymphocyte subclasses by rosettes with latex-lectin particles. AB - The specificity and affinity of eight lectins (concanavalin A, L. culinaris, P. sativum, phytohemagglutinin P, D. biflorus, soybean agglutinin, T. purpureus, and T. vulgaris) to B, T, T gamma, and T mu lymphocytes from the blood of normal subjects were determined. Lectins attached to latex particles were used to evaluate the binding of each lectin to individual cells. The rosette percentage found in each lymphocyte population expresses the specificity index and the specific sugar concentrations needed to decrease the rosette percentage by 50% is taken as the affinity index. B Lymphocytes showed a major subclass, with respect to T lymphocytes, with receptors for WGA, SBA, D. biflorus, L. culinaris, and P. sativum lectins. In contrast, T lymphocytes exhibit a greater number of cells with specific receptors for Con A, T. purpureus, and PHA lectins than B lymphocytes, the T gamma subpopulation being responsible for the specificity of the first two lectins and the T mu subpopulation for the PHA lectin. PMID- 3490862 TI - Application of small-caliber heparinized vascular grafts to aorta-coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3490861 TI - Endothelial cell-seeded artificial prostheses for coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3490863 TI - Changes in interleukin-1 during membrane plasmapheresis. PMID- 3490864 TI - Heart-mechanical assist device interaction. PMID- 3490865 TI - The importance of a patent foramen ovale in left ventricular assist pumping. PMID- 3490866 TI - Clinical consideration of a left ventricular assist system for acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. PMID- 3490867 TI - New strategy for immunomodulation by ex vivo removal of an interleukin-2 inhibitor. PMID- 3490868 TI - Prostaglandin production and extracorporeal complement activation by dialyzer membranes. PMID- 3490869 TI - Cuprophan membrane induces interleukin-1 activity. PMID- 3490870 TI - Choline salicylates and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 3490871 TI - Changes in plasma vasopressin concentration in association with coronary artery surgery or thymectomy. AB - Plasma vasopressin concentrations in 14 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were compared with those in eight patients undergoing thymectomy. Vasopressin concentrations increased similarly in both groups on sternotomy. A second, and more marked increase was noted in the patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Haemodynamic stimuli could be responsible in both groups and might explain both the similarities and the differences between the groups. PMID- 3490872 TI - The effect of passage in vivo and in vitro on the properties of murine fibrosarcomas: III. Cell surface molecules and production of growth factors. AB - Three factors may be responsible for the sharp difference in tumourigenicity between cloned murine fibrosarcoma lines maintained in vitro, and cells of the same lines after in vivo passage, initially in a T cell deficient mouse and subsequently in normal mice: acquisition during passage of resistance to NC cells; acquisition during passage of a surface molecule, probably a sialic acid, which protects the cell against T cell-mediated lysis; and ability of the passaged cells, but not the non-passaged cells, to produce sufficient amounts of autocrine growth factors necessary for growth in vivo. The tumourigenicity of the passaged cells cannot be attributed to failure to express TATA or MHC class I molecules. PMID- 3490874 TI - The effect of adjuvant cyclophosphamide or tamoxifen on the numbers of lymphocytes bearing T cell or NK cell markers. PMID- 3490875 TI - Do epidermotropic T cells exist in normal human skin? A re-evaluation of the SALT hypothesis. PMID- 3490873 TI - Lymphocyte markers and clinical expression of lymphoproliferative disorders with moderate lymphocytosis. AB - Lymphoproliferative syndrome with well differentiated lymphocytes and moderate lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood includes a heterogeneous group of disorders, that present often difficulties in classification. We have studied the lymphocyte markers (ER, EMR, sIg and T3, T4, T8 antigens) in 36 cases who had lymphocytic infiltration in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphocyte counts less than 15 X 10(9) l-1. Four cases (11.1%) had the characteristics of T8 lymphocytosis and 31 had a B cell monoclonal proliferation in the peripheral blood. Of these, four were sIg-, EMR+, 19 were sIg+, EMR+ and 8 were sIg+, EMR-. Most patients (17/32) had the clinical picture of stage 0 and I B-CLL. Six cases presented as pure splenomegalic form of CLL, three had the features of immunocytic lymphoma and five had the features of lymphocytic lymphoma. It is concluded that the majority of lymphoproliferative disorders presenting with moderate lymphocytosis represent early forms of B-CLL. Occasionally cases of lymphocytic or immunocytic lymphoma may present problems of differential diagnosis since there may be a dissociation of phenotypic characteristics of lymphocytes between tissues and peripheral blood. PMID- 3490876 TI - HLA antigens and Langerhans cell density in contact dermatitis. AB - We studied 67 patients with multiple contact allergies to determine whether there was an association of this state with any particular HLA antigen. HLA-A, -B and DR antigens were typed by standard serological methods. There was no significant HLA association, although there was an increased frequency of DR4 in those patients who included nickel as one of their sensitivities (64% compared with 33% in controls), and an increase in DR6 in those patients who included sensitivity to a rubber accelerator (45% compared with 16% in controls). However, when the probabilities were corrected for the number of HLA antigens tested and the number of substances in the patch test battery, these associations were no longer statistically significant. We also examined the morphology and numbers of Langerhans cells in epidermal sheets from six subjects with multiple allergies. There were no differences in appearance or numbers of Langerhans cells stained for ATPase, compared with 20 non-allergic controls. PMID- 3490877 TI - Megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro of patients with essential thrombocythaemia: effect of plasma and serum on megakaryocytic colony formation. AB - To clarify the mechanism of increased numbers of megakaryocytes in patients with essential thrombocythaemia (ET), we studied in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis in ET and other myeloproliferative disorders, using a megakaryocytic colony assay in methylcellulose containing plasma or serum and medium conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated leucocytes (PHA-LCM). Megakaryocytic colony formation was supported well by heparinized or citrated plasma and citrated serum which was harvested after clot formation of citrated plasma. Whole serum was inhibitory for megakaryocytic colony growth. The addition of platelet releasates and partially purified platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) resulted in a decrease in the number of megakaryocytic colonies. These findings suggested that platelet-derived factor(s) in serum was inhibitory to megakaryocytic colony formation. ET plasma supported the megakaryocytic colony formation by normal or ET bone marrow cells better than normal plasma. Moreover, in ET bone marrow cells, spontaneous megakaryocytic colonies were formed in the absence of PHA-LCM. Increased megakaryocytopoiesis in ET may be ascribed to (i) increased megakaryocyte-colony stimulating activity (Meg-CSA) in plasma and (ii) increased sensitivity to Meg-CSA or autonomous proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells. PMID- 3490878 TI - Health status of school age children employed in carpet weaving in Ganderbal Block. AB - In a health and morbidity screening among 500 carpet weaving children and 450 children attending school selected at random in a rural field practice area the age group studied was from 6 to 16. Each child was thoroughly interviewed and examined for any deviation from health. The height and weight were taken by standard procedures and clinical assessment of morbidity and nutritional status was also observed. The results showed that the heights and weights of schoolchildren were greater than those of the carpet weaving children in both boys and girls. Clinically, 56% of the schoolchildren as against 41.6% of carpet weaving children had no nutritional defects. The main complaints in the carpet weaving children were in order of descent, headache, blurring of vision, backache, abdominal pain, limb pains, and respiratory tract infection. Both groups of children were later followed up for six months from September 1981 to March 1982. The incidence of subjective and objective deviations from health were higher in the carpet weaving than in the schoolchildren and the first ten major complaints in the carpet weaving children were respiratory tract infection, headache, backache, pain in the abdomen, injuries (major and minor), joint pains, diarrhoea and dysentery, fever of unknown origin, dermatitis, and chilblains. PMID- 3490879 TI - Molecular organization (topography) of cytochrome P-450(11)beta in mitochondrial membrane and phospholipid vesicles as studied by trypsinolysis. AB - Cytochrome P-450(11)beta from adrenal cortex is an intrinsic membrane protein embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Topography of the protein inside a phospholipid bilayer was examined using controlled proteolysis of purified cytochrome P-450(11)beta following its integration into artificial liposomes. Inclusion of the protein into phospholipid vesicles led to a marked stabilization of the cytochrome activity. Trypsin treatment of the liposome-integrated cytochrome resulted in the rapid disappearance of the native protein moiety (47 kDa), while a major 34 kDa peptide component was formed. This peptide core retained the heme moiety and part of the cytochrome steroid-11 beta hydroxylase activity. Very similar observations were obtained when inside-out vesicles prepared from isolated adrenocortical mitoplasts were examined with the same approach. It is thus suggested that adrenocortical cytochrome P-450(11)beta is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane as well as in artificial liposomes by a major hydrophobic domain associated with the heme moiety while a limited domain remains accessible on the matrix side of the membrane surface. The previous described phosphorylation of the cytochrome P-450(11)beta on a serine residue, by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase is suggested to occur in the protein domain oriented toward the membrane surface, the phosphorylation site being lost under mild proteolytic digestion of the membrane-integrated protein. PMID- 3490881 TI - Methylergonovine maleate: a proposal for its more specific use. AB - Seven hundred cases of spontaneous or operative vaginal delivery were studied at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Florence. The purpose was to evaluate the frequency of complications such as hemorrhage and/or infections during the immediate post-partum period and the first two weeks after childbirth. PMID- 3490880 TI - Photo-CIDNP nuclear magnetic resonance as a probe for conformational changes in epidermal growth factor. AB - Photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP)-NMR spectroscopy at 360 MHz has been used to investigate pH-induced conformational transitions in mouse epidermal growth factor. At about pH 9, all five tyrosine residues and both tryptophan residues are, to various extents, solvent-exposed, while the His-22 residue is buried in the protein matrix. Tyr-13 is the least exposed of the tyrosine residues and also the most immobilized. As the pH is decreased to 5.9, the tryptophan residues gradually become less exposed, while the Tyr-13 residue becomes internalized in the protein. These data suggest that the C-terminus and part of the N-terminal structural domain are affected by a conformational transition in mouse epidermal growth factor occurring between pH 6 and 8 via breakage of the His-22 inter-residue linkage. Above pH 9, a decreased photo-CIDNP effect is evident for both tryptophans and for Tyr-10 and Try-13; this information suggests that a second conformational change takes place at basic pH, which may simply be incipient denaturation. PMID- 3490882 TI - [Effect of electroacupuncture on the nature of changes in the activity of neurons in the 2d somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex]. AB - Effects of electroacupuncture (EAP) on the character of spontaneous and evoked neuronal impulse activity changes in the second somatosensory area (S2) of the brain cortex by nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimulation were studied in acute experiments on cats. It was demonstrated that EAP changed the character of S2 neurons activity and formed their new functional state. After EAP activity of non nociceptive neurons were not changed, evoked activity of nociceptive neurons were inhibited. It is suggested, that EAP preferential blocking the protopathic components of the acute pain. PMID- 3490883 TI - The heterogeneity of type IIA von Willebrand's disease: studies with protease inhibitors. AB - The absence of large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers from plasma is a characteristic of Type IIA von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and is thought to contribute to the clinical expression of this disorder. Recently, three IIA patients have been reported in whom intermediate and large multimers could be restored if blood were collected in 5 mm EDTA, 6 mmol/L N-ethylmaleimide, and 1 mmol/L leupeptin. This suggested that absence of large multimers resulted from in vitro proteolysis. We have now collected blood from ten Type IIA vWD patients in these inhibitors but were not able to detect large multimers in the plasma of any of them. In addition, intermediate-sized multimers were reduced or completely absent in all. The inclusion of inhibitors in the citrate anticoagulant, as compared to citrate alone, was found to increase the relative proportion of intermediate multimers in some patients but had no effect in others, and in none did it restore large multimers to plasma. The results with platelet vWF were more varied. Four patients showed an absence or decrease of large multimers, whereas in seven patients large multimers were present. When compared with citrate anticoagulant alone, the inclusion of inhibitors in the anticoagulant had little or no effect on the platelet multimeric pattern. 1-Deamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP) was administered to six patients from five families. Two patients from one family showed complete correction and a third patient showed almost complete correction of her bleeding time. Two patients showed minimal correction and one showed no detectable correction. An increase in multimer size after DDAVP tended to be associated with correction of the bleeding time. However, in no case did the largest multimers appear in plasma even in patients with complete bleeding time correction. The presence or absence of inhibitors in the anticoagulant had little or no effect on the multimeric pattern after DDAVP. These results indicate that Type IIA vWD is a heterogeneous disorder in which absence of largest and intermediate multimers is an in vivo phenomenon. PMID- 3490884 TI - The influence of purified recombinant human heavy-subunit and light-subunit ferritins on colony formation in vitro by granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells. AB - Purified recombinant human heavy subunit (rHF, acidic) and recombinant human light subunit (rLF, basic) ferritins were assessed for their effects in vitro on colony formation by normal human granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells. The purity of the samples was confirmed by electrophoresis in both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions and silver staining. Concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-10) mol/L rHF caused an approximately 40% significant decrease in colony formation. Some significant activity was detected at 10(-11) mol/L, and activity was lost at 10(-12) mol/L. In contrast, rLF had no significant activity at 10(-8) to 10(-16) mol/L. rHF was significantly active against mouse bone marrow CFU-GM to concentrations as low as 10(-8) to 10( 9) mol/L. The inhibitory activity of rHF was inactivated with three different monoclonal antibodies recognizing the heavy subunit of ferritin, but not with two monoclonal antibodies recognizing the light subunit of ferritin. The inhibitory activity of rHF was similar in the absence or presence of serum, monocytes, and T lymphocytes. We and others have shown an association of a glycosylated natural acidic isoferritin (AIF) with inhibitory activity, but since the rHF was expressed in Escherichia coli and did not bind to concanavalin A, glycosylation of AIF is not an absolute prerequisite for this activity. These results demonstrate that rHF has suppressive activity in vitro and substantiate our original observations using purified natural acidic isoferritins. PMID- 3490885 TI - L-triiodothyronine augments erythropoietic growth factor release from peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes. AB - To investigate cellular mechanisms involved in thyroid hormone stimulation of erythropoiesis, we studied the response of erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) proliferation to L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) in a serum-free culture system. When added directly to culture, L-T3 stimulates erythroid burst formation by normal human bone marrow cells. In contrast, granulocyte-macrophage colony formation is unaffected. Enhancement of erythroid burst formation by L-T3 required the presence of nylon wool adherent and/or B-4 antigen-positive light-density marrow populations. Addition of other erythropoietic factors including platelet-derived growth factor and insulinlike growth factor II did not abrogate this apparent cellular requirement. Pulse exposure of marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (greater than 95% lymphocytes) to L-T3 accelerates the release of a soluble factor that augments BFU-E proliferation into serum-free liquid culture medium. Time-course studies show that this factor appears in conditioned medium (CM) coincidentally with erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA). Furthermore, incubation of CM with an antibody known to react with and adsorb BPA from solution removes the inducible mitogen. Biochemical analysis of CM prepared from unexposed and L-T3 pulse-exposed cells indicates that the rate of protein appearance is accelerated by L-T3 in a fashion that immediately precedes growth factor release and that several polypeptides are quantitatively increased. We conclude that unlike erythropoietin, which is mitogenic for progenitor cells directly, L-T3 enhances BFU-E proliferation indirectly by augmenting the release of soluble BPA-like molecules from accessory cells in culture. PMID- 3490887 TI - Stromal cells in myeloid and lymphoid long-term bone marrow cultures can support multiple hemopoietic lineages and modulate their production of hemopoietic growth factors. AB - Hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) is dependent on adherent stromal cells that form an in vitro hemopoietic microenvironment. Myeloid bone marrow cultures (MBMC) are optimal for myelopoiesis, while lymphoid bone marrow cultures (LBMC) only support B lymphopoiesis. The experiments reported here have made a comparative analysis of the two cultures to determine whether the stromal cells that establish in vitro are restricted to the support of myelopoiesis or lymphopoiesis, respectively, and to examine how the different culture conditions affect stromal cell physiology. In order to facilitate this analysis, purified populations of MBMC and LBMC stroma were prepared by treating the LTBMC with the antibiotic mycophenolic acid; this results in the elimination of hemopoietic cells while retaining purified populations of functional stroma. Stromal cell cultures prepared and maintained under MBMC conditions secreted myeloid growth factors that stimulated the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies, while no such activity was detected from purified LBMC stromal cultures. However, this was not due to the inability of LBMC stroma to mediate this function. Transfer of LBMC stromal cultures to MBMC conditions resulted in an induction of myeloid growth factor secretion. When seeded under these conditions with stromal cell depleted populations of hemopoietic cells, obtained by passing marrow through nylon wool columns, the LBMC stromal cells could support long-term myelopoiesis. Conversely, transfer of MBMC stroma to LBMC conditions resulted in a cessation of myeloid growth factor secretion; on seeding these cultures with nylon wool-passed marrow, B lymphopoiesis, but not myelopoiesis, initiated. These findings indicate that the stroma in the different LTBMC are not restricted in their hemopoietic support capacity but are sensitive to culture conditions in a manner that may affect the type of microenvironment formed. PMID- 3490886 TI - T lymphocyte-derived differentiation-inducing factor inhibits proliferation of leukemic and normal hemopoietic cells. AB - A differentiation-inducing factor (DIF) for the promyelocytic HL-60 cell line is constitutively produced by the malignant T lymphocyte line HUT-102. DIF was highly purified from HUT-102-conditioned media by means of diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-chromatography, gel chromatography, and high-resolution, ion-exchange chromatography on a MonoQ column and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In addition to inducing differentiation of wild-type HL-60 cells, resulting in secondary inhibition of growth, DIF, at a tenfold lower concentration, inhibited the growth of some clones of the monoblastic U-937 cell line as well as that of subclones of HL-60. The latter effect was most likely a primary growth inhibition and not secondary to differentiation; 50% inhibition of clonogenic growth in agar was seen at approximately 1.0 pmol/L of DIF. In addition, the clonogenic growth of fresh leukemia cells from 10 of 12 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was inhibited with 50% inhibition at approximately 10 pmol/L of DIF. The growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage colonies was inhibited at a similar concentration, whereas early erythroid colonies were much more resistant. DIF and interferon-gamma (gamma-IFN) were shown to be separate molecules inasmuch as a neutralizing antibody for gamma-IFN did not abolish the DIF effect. The differentiation effect on wild-type HL-60 and the proliferation inhibitory effect on leukemic and normal myeloid cells cochromatographed through all purification steps suggest that both activities are exhibited by identical polypeptides. DIF may have a role in regulating normal hemopoiesis. The growth inhibitory effect of DIF and the ability to induce differentiation of some leukemia cells may suggest a clinical utility in the treatment of leukemia. PMID- 3490888 TI - Endothelium-dependent responses in isolated blood vessels of lower vertebrates. AB - Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine have been identified in mammalian arteries and veins. To determine the occurrence of such relaxations in other classes of vertebrates, rings of descending aortas of turtles, cayman and bullfrogs and ventral aortas of trout were suspended for isometric force measurements. Acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 initiated concentration-dependent relaxations in aortas from cayman and bullfrogs contracted with norepinephrine. These relaxations were not affected by meclofenamate, were reversed by methylene blue and abolished by endothelium removal. Acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent contractions in aortas (with and without endothelium) from trout and turtles; these tissues contracted minimally to norepinephrine. In the aortas of the trout contracted with acetylcholine, the calcium ionophore A23187 initiated endothelium-dependent relaxations which were reversed by methylene blue and abolished by meclofenamate. A23187 contracted turtle aortas; an effect reduced by endothelium removal. These data demonstrate endothelium-dependent relaxations and contractions in blood vessels of reptiles, amphibians and teleosts. Thus, endothelium-dependent modulation of the responses of the vascular smooth muscle represents a cardiovascular regulatory mechanism which appears early in vertebrate phylogeny. PMID- 3490889 TI - Extent and patterns of drug abuse and its associated factors in Egypt. AB - The article provides an integrated picture of the drug abuse situation in Egypt based on a series of large scale field surveys that the authors have conducted since 1957. Apart from the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, the results of the surveys show that cannabis remains the most widely abused psycho-active substance in Egypt. Cannabis use has been known in the country for a long time. The abuse of psychotropic substances emerged as a problem during the 1970s and has remained one of the major drug problems ever since. The abuse of cocaine and heroin first emerged as a problem in the period following the First World War. It disappeared during the early 1930s, when the country was struck by an economic crisis, only to re-emerge during the 1980s. The most recent surveys show that 30 per cent of male industrial workers and 20 per cent of male students have used drugs at some time in their lives, and, among them, approximately 25 per cent have continued to do so. The respondents rank alcohol as the most frequently abused substance, followed by natural narcotics (e.g. cannabis and opiates) and psychotropic substances. The first use of alcohol and cannabis most often occurs during some social occasion or in the company of friends, while the first use of psychotropic substances is usually an effort to cope with psychological or physical discomfort, or stress-triggering situations. In general, it is the drug users, rather than the non-users, who hear about drugs, see drugs and have personal friends and relatives who themselves abuse drugs. PMID- 3490890 TI - Drug abuse problems in countries of the Andean subregion. AB - The scarcity of epidemiological data makes it difficult for an accurate and comprehensive assessment to be made of the drug abuse situation in countries of the Andean subregion. Available evidence, however, indicates that in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru prevalence and incidence rates of drug abuse, particularly of the abuse of basic cocaine paste, are relatively high. Studies indicate that in Bolivia 4-5 per cent of youth are habitual cocaine users and that in Colombia drug abuse was in 1984 the seventh leading cause of psychiatric morbidity. A survey in Peru shows that 37 per cent of secondary school students use drugs, while 27 per cent of the respondents used basic cocaine paste as their first drug. It appears that the abuse of basic cocaine paste has spread evenly across urban social classes. The illegal cultivation of the coca bush has drastically increased in countries of the Andean subregion. For example, it is estimated that more than 135,000 hectares of coca bush are cultivated in Peru, producing approximately 135,000 tons of coca leaves a year, while the amount needed for legitimate purposes in that country is estimated at 10,000 tons a year. In the same country, seizures of basic cocaine paste increased from 4,755 kg in 1980 to 7,168 kg in 1983, and of macerated coca leaf from 2,570 kg in 1979 to 27,822 kg in 1984. The demand for illicit cocaine has substantially increased in the world. It is estimated that the total amount of illicit cocaine consumed in the world was 33-45 tons in 1981 and 50-61 tons in 1983. PMID- 3490891 TI - Drug abuse in Africa. AB - Apart from cannabis abuse in northern and southern Africa and khat chewing in north-eastern Africa, the history of drug abuse in Africa is relatively short. The abuse of drugs in Africa is nevertheless escalating rapidly from cannabis abuse to the more dangerous drugs and from limited groups of drug users to a wider range of people abusing drugs. The most common and available drug of abuse is still cannabis, which is known to be a contributing factor to the occurrence of a schizophrenic-like psychosis. The trafficking in and abuse of cocaine and heroin are the most recent developments in some African countries that had had no previous experience with these drugs. Efforts should be made to design and implement drug abuse assessment programmes to determine the real magnitude and characteristics of the problem and to monitor its trends. A lack of funds and a shortage of adequately trained personnel have made it difficult to implement drug abuse control programmes. In addition to formal drug control involving the implementation of legislation, there is an informal system of drug abuse control operating through the family, church, school, neighbourhood and work environment, as well as healthy recreational activities. It is suggested that efforts in African countries should be directed towards strengthening not only the formal drug control system but also informal control in order to compensate for the insufficient funds and the shortage of personnel trained in implementing formal drug control measures. It is very likely that the drug problems in African countries will worsen in future unless more effective measures are implemented to arrest the current situation. PMID- 3490892 TI - Current situation relating to drug abuse assessment in European countries. AB - An increasing abuse of drugs among young people emerged in northwestern Europe during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Since the mid-1970s, the two most important trends have been the substantial increase in heroin abuse in most countries and increasing drug abuse in southern and eastern European countries that had relatively little previous experience with illicit drug use. Drug abuse is assessed using routine statistics, which are available but unreliable, or special epidemiological studies, which are more reliable but also more expensive. There is a need for more systematic and centralized monitoring of routine data from both treatment and enforcement sources; improved co-operation in such activities between European countries would enhance the value and utility of epidemiological work. Common criteria and definitions, as well as data-gathering instruments, need to be adopted so that data on drug abuse will be more comparable. The ways and means through which countries exchange knowledge and experience gained in drug abuse assessment need to be improved. PMID- 3490893 TI - HLA antigens in palindromic rheumatism and palindromic onset rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fifty patients who presented with typical palindromic rheumatism of at least 6 months' duration were tissue-typed for HLA A, B, C antigens. DR typing was also performed but was not possible for technical reasons in three patients. Twenty three patients who had progressed to definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after a mean interval of 5 years were compared with 20 patients whose palindromic attacks had persisted over a similar period. Both groups showed a significantly higher frequency of DR4 antigen than a control population. The RA group also showed an increased frequency of DR1. There was no significant difference in the frequency of DR4 or any other DR antigen between the two patient groups. The frequency of B27 antigen was significantly higher in the palindromic group compared with the controls. It is suggested that although DR4 may be associated with a tendency to inflammatory joint problems, environmental or other unrelated genetic factors may be more important in determining the progression of palindromic rheumatism to RA. PMID- 3490894 TI - A family study of the prevalence of antibodies to the rheumatoid arthritis associated nuclear antigen (RANA). AB - Sera from families with at least two members suffering from seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined for the prevalence of antibodies to the RA associated nuclear antigen (RANA). It was found that consanguineous relatives of patients had a significantly increased prevalence of anti-RANA antibodies compared to sera from a control group of families. Anti-RANA antibodies were also significantly more prevalent in the sera of familial RA patients who possessed HLA-DR4. No correlation of anti-RANA antibodies with disease associated haplotypes was observed in these families. PMID- 3490895 TI - Fibronectin binding with immunoglobulin aggregates and its association with rheumatic disorders. AB - Fibronectin was shown to bind heat-aggregated, but not monomeric, human IgG, suggesting that fibronectin may bind directly to IgG immune complexes. The presence of material both binding and already containing fibronectin was demonstrated in polyethylene glycol precipitates of sera and synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout, but not normal sera. By contrast, complement-fixing complexes contained fibronectin in RA synovial fluids and sera, but not in sera and synovial fluids from other rheumatic disorders. It is considered that fibronectin binds to immune complexes in RA synovial fluids and sera but that some other, as yet unidentified material, is effective in binding fibronectin in sera and synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthritis and crystal synovitis. PMID- 3490896 TI - Comparison of silicone and latex catheters in the development of urethral stricture after cardiac surgery. AB - In an earlier series of 100 men followed up for between 3 and 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting, the incidence of urethral stricture was 2%. These patients have now been followed up for between 15 and 24 months and the incidence of urethral stricture has risen to 5.2%. Latex catheters were used in these patients. A separate group of 117 men underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and were catheterised with silicone catheters. They were followed up for between 12 and 28 months and no urethral strictures were found. It is recommended that silicone catheters be used routinely for short-term catheterisation in men undergoing cardiac bypass surgery. PMID- 3490897 TI - [Preventive administration of antibiotics in selected hospitals in Slovakia]. PMID- 3490898 TI - Recurrent corneal erosion, microcystic epithelial dystrophy, map configurations and fingerprint lines in the cornea. AB - A 45-year-old lady presented with a recurrent corneal erosion. On closer examination, she was found to have epithelial microcysts and fingerprint dystrophy. Pathologic material from the affected cornea showed microcysts, protrusions of basement membrane and evidence of poor adhesion between the basement membrane and the epithelial cells, as well as between the epithelial cells themselves. The case demonstrated the clinical and pathologic features of recurrent corneal erosion, microcystic disease and fingerprint dystrophy of the cornea, together with the pathologic findings of map dystrophy. The authors suggest that these four diseases are various expressions of a clinicopathologic entity, epithelial basement membrane corneal dystrophy. A pathologic explanation for recurrent corneal erosion is apparent. PMID- 3490900 TI - Brain imaging in functional mental disorders. AB - The application of brain imaging techniques to psychiatry is reviewed with respect to computerized tomography (CT), EEG topography, positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While early computerized tomography studies have suggested structural abnormalities in schizophrenia, more recent studies have shown that most schizophrenics and patients with other disorders have normal CT scans. EEG topography and positron emission tomography have not been evaluated as fully as computerized tomography. However, preliminary studies indicate some functional abnormalities in schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to normal controls. Magnetic resonance imaging shows promise but has had only a limited application to date in psychiatry. PMID- 3490899 TI - Membrane surface properties of lymphocytes of normal (DBA/2) and autoimmune (NZB/NZW)F1 mice: effects of L-canavanine and a proposed mechanism for diet induced autoimmune disease. AB - Partitioning cells in a dextran polyethylene glycol aqueous two-phase system (countercurrent distribution, CCD) is a sensitive method for learning about cell surface membrane properties and for subfractionating cell populations. In this study, we subjected lymphocytes from normal DBA/2 mice and autoimmune F1 New Zealand black/New Zealand white [NZB/NZW)F1) mice to countercurrent distribution and found that T cells partition to the right and B cells partition to the left of the CCD curve. We found no difference between the CCD patterns of normal and autoimmune mice. When the murine lymphocytes were exposed to a cationic dietary amino acid (L-canavanine) in vitro, L-canavanine selectively affected the CCD pattern of autoimmune B cells, reflecting an alteration in surface membrane properties. We separated these lymphocytes with altered surface membrane properties by CCD. Impaired B-cell immune responses associated with L-canavanine were isolated to this lymphocyte fraction. This study provides the first evidence that alterations in the charged surface membrane properties are associated with abnormal (auto) immune response. PMID- 3490901 TI - Effect of chemical deglycosylation on the in vivo fate of ricin A-chain. AB - Chemical deglycosylation of ricin A-chain virtually eliminated its entrapment by the liver and delayed its clearance from the bloodstream of mice. Liver entrapment of native ricin A-chain occurred to approximately equal extents in the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell fractions of the liver. The chemical deglycosylation procedure reduced uptake of the A-chain by both cell fractions. PMID- 3490902 TI - Survival after intestinal mucormycosis in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - A young woman with acute myelocytic leukemia developed acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding immediately after a first remission induction of her leukemia. After the site of bleeding was located in the descending colon, a necrotic bleeding ulcer was resected. Histologic examination of the ulcer established the diagnosis of gastrointestinal mucormycosis. Treatment with amphotericin B was administered because of the high risk of dissemination. The patient has been followed for 9 months with no evidence of relapse of infection. Survival after gastrointestinal mucormycosis in acute leukemia has not previously been reported in the English language literature. Success in managing mucormycosis depends on the adherence to the recommended principles of early aggressive diagnostic measures, excisional surgery, amphotericin B therapy, and control of the underlying predisposing condition. PMID- 3490904 TI - Cytogenetic evidence for clonal evolution in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Sequential cytogenetic studies were performed in eight of ten patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting with trisomy 12 as the sole chromosomal abnormality. Follow-up studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed that the karyotypes retained the sole abnormality of trisomy 12 in five cases, trisomy 12 converted to a normal karyotype during remission in one case, additional chromosome changes (-X,14q-) along with trisomy 12 appeared in one patient and multiple chromosome changes with or without trisomy 12 appeared in the remaining patient. The findings indicate that other chromosome changes in addition to trisomy 12 may develop as a result of clonal evolution or dedifferentiation, though the possibility that in two patients these changes may be related to chemotherapy and/or irradiation could not be ruled out entirely. PMID- 3490903 TI - Clinical effects and toxicity of interleukin-2 in patients with cancer. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15,000 dalton glycoprotein produced naturally by human T-cells during an immune response. IL-2 has been demonstrated to have substantial activity alone or in combination with the adoptive transfer of lymphokine activated killer cells in murine tumor models. IL-2 derived from both natural (Jurkat human T-cell tumor) and recombinant (Escherichia coli) sources has been studied in Phase I protocols designed to evaluate toxicity in patients with a variety of solid tumors and to ascertain improvement in clinical parameters and immunologic status. A total of 16 patients (7 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] and 9 with non-AIDS malignancies) were treated with Jurkat derived IL-2. The total maximum dose (1.3 X 10(5) U/kg) was limited only by supply of this reagent. A total of 25 patients have been treated with recombinant IL-2 (RIL-2) alone. Dose-limiting toxicity manifested by marked malaise and weight gain was achieved with doses of RIL-2 of 10(6) U/kg as a single bolus or 3000 U/kg/hr. IL-2 could be administered intraperitoneally with similar toxicity. Minimal renal or hepatic toxicity was demonstrated. Hematologic toxicity was limited to mild anemia (25/25), thrombocytopenia (10/25), and marked reversible eosinophilia (15/25). Pronounced weight gain greater than 2 kg (16/25) occurred in most patients, primarily those who received cumulative doses of greater than 1 3 X 10(5) U/kg of IL-2. The weight gain amounted to as much as 10% to 20% of the pretreatment weight over 3 weeks of treatment and limited our ability to give higher doses. Two partial responses (greater than 50% decrease in cross sectional diameters) were seen in two patients with melanoma metastatic to the lung. PMID- 3490905 TI - Karyotypic evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. PMID- 3490906 TI - Detection of activated Mr 21,000 protein, the product of ras oncogenes, using antibodies with specificity for amino acid 12. AB - Antisera raised to a set of chemically synthesized peptides spanning position 12 of ras Mr 21,000 protein (p21) (residues 5 to 17) were able to distinguish between different forms of p21 according to the amino acid at the twelfth codon. The peptide immunogens differed in one amino acid corresponding to position 12 of the protein; the substitutions were valine, serine, arginine, aspartate, alanine, or cysteine at this position. Normal p21 contains glycine at position 12; the other amino acid substitutions are those which would result from a single base change in codon 12 and may therefore be the activating mutations most likely to occur in human tumors. The peptide antisera were evaluated by the Western immunoblot procedure for reactivity with v-ki-ras p21 expressed in Escherichia coli containing the corresponding position 12 mutations. Five of the antisera reacted with p21, and of these, anti-serine, -valine, -arginine, and -aspartate peptide antibodies were specific for their cognate protein. Similar analysis using mammalian cells as sources of position 12 variant forms of p21 demonstrated the ability of these antisera to distinguish among their oncogenic forms of p21 differing by single amino acid substitutions. PMID- 3490907 TI - Inhibition of human DNA polymerase alpha by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. AB - alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin (ACT), which is known as an efficient serum protease inhibitor and is detected in tumor cell nuclei, was found to inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase alpha purified from human stomach adenocarcinoma. The concentration of ACT required for 50% inhibition was 1.0 mg/ml and the manner of its inhibition showed the partially competitive relationship between ACT and DNA in the assay system. Furthermore the removal of ACT by anti-ACT antibody lost its antichymotryptic and anti-DNA polymerase activities in parallel. On the other hand, it did not inhibit the activity of human DNA polymerase beta. Other human serum proteins including serum albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1 antitrypsin, and immunoglobulin G as well as other protease inhibitors such as leupeptin, pepstatin, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and chymostatin did not affect the activity of DNA polymerase alpha. Furthermore ACT heated at 60 degrees C did not inhibit DNA polymerase alpha, although it could still bind to DNA as well as native ACT. It was therefore concluded that the inhibitory action of ACT on DNA polymerase alpha was a direct phenomenon unrelated to its protease inhibitory or DNA binding activities. PMID- 3490908 TI - Modulation of cell growth, differentiation, and production of interleukin-3 by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI 3. AB - The effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3], the active form of vitamin D3, on the relation between cell growth and differentiation was examined in a murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3 which is known to produce high levels of interleukin-3. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 markedly inhibited proliferation of WEHI-3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle by a double staining method using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-bromodeoxyuridine and propidium iodide revealed that 1 alpha,25(OH2D3 increased the proportion and the number of cells accumulating in the G0-G1 phase and decreased those in the S phase. The phenotype of the surface antigens of the cells was of the T-cell lineage, but the cells became positive in macrophage-associated surface markers (Mac-1 and Ia) after treatment with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin induced phagocytic activity, appearance of Fc receptors, nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing activity, and nonspecific esterase activity, indicating that the vitamin induces the cells to differentiate into macrophages. Furthermore, 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 inhibited interleukin-3 production by the cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 inhibits proliferation of WEHI-3 cells by blocking transition of the cells from the G0-G1 to the S phase, resulting in induction of the G0-G1-arrested cells to differentiate into macrophages. The relation between the suppression by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 of cell growth and interleukin-3 production remains to be elucidated in the future. PMID- 3490909 TI - Tumor markers for cancer detection. II. AB - Updated results of a prospective study assessing the value of tumor marker determinations in a supposedly healthy population (2,000) for identification of a group at risk for cancer are reported. With observation periods varying from 1 to 6 years (mean 3.5 years), repeated determinations by RIA were routinely carried out for CEA, AFP, beta-HCG, beta 2-M, ferritin, and, more recently, beta 1-SP. Preliminary data on TPA, CA 12-5, and CA 19-9 were also obtained. A comparative study of methods for CEA determination using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies revealed that preference should be given to polyclonal antibodies. In the group considered to be "at risk" (ie, having at least one abnormal marker value) (N = 481), the cancer detection rate was 29 per 1,000 against 3.2 per 1,000 in the normal group (N = 1,519). These figures were significant, even if the number of malignancies detected was small (N = 27). By associating general tumor markers such as CEA, TPA, and CA 19-9 with site-specific markers such as PAP and CA 12-5, it seemed that marker determinations played a useful role in risk assessment in cancer detection programs. PMID- 3490910 TI - Incidence and growth of methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in mice with altered immunological status. AB - BALB/c mice were treated s.c. with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), and tumor incidence and growth were followed for 9 months. Immunological status of mice was altered by various treatments. Thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted mice served as T-cell deficient recipients. In order to suppress natural killer (NK)-cell/macrophage functions some mice were injected with silica particles; to enhance these functions some mice were given Corynebacterium parvum (CP). Silica and CP were given simultaneously with MCA to test their influence on the presumed function of surveillance of tumor incidence, and also 2 months after MCA to test their influence on the growth of greater numbers of transformed host cells. Almost all mice developed tumors at the inoculation site and at the end of the observation period there was no difference in tumor incidence among 9 experimental groups. However, in T-cell deficient mice we observed shorter tumor duration and earlier death than in normal mice. Silica particles appeared to enhance tumor growth but the differences compared to normal controls were not significant. A single injection of CP simultaneously with MCA caused earlier tumor appearance but also slowed its growth. In contrast, CP given 2 months after MCA significantly delayed the appearance of the tumors. In regard to the tumor growth immunosuppression had stronger effects in males than in females; the opposite was true for immunostimulation treatments. We concluded that immunological status does not influence long-term tumor incidence, but that both T-cell and NK-cell/macrophage compartments strongly influence the parameters of growth of chemically induced tumors, i.e., the immune and natural resistance mechanisms do not influence the frequency of de novo arising tumors but both can slow down tumor growth. PMID- 3490913 TI - Development and validation of ambulatory monitoring to characterize ischemic heart disease out of hospital. AB - The ST segment has long been used as a measure of experimental and clinical myocardial ischemia and injury. Ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram makes recognition and quantification of both symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease possible. A body of evidence, including the known characteristics of ST-segment shifts in patients with and without coronary artery disease and validation studies with positron tomography, is presented to support the use of the electrocardiogram during dynamic activity as a valid marker of reversible myocardial ischemia. Recommendations for monitoring based on this information are provided. PMID- 3490912 TI - Non-human primate (baboon) anti-gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 antibody infusion in four women with metastatic breast carcinoma. AB - Four women with metastatic breast carcinoma and elevated plasma levels of human breast gross cystic disease fluid protein of 15,000 dalton monomer size (GCDFP 15) were treated IV with non-human primate (baboon) anti-GCDFP-15 antibody. Three patients were given a single IV infusion of antibody, while the fourth patient received four sequential IV infusions. Antibody dosage patients, after antibody infusion the plasma level of GCDFP-15 decreased to 0 ng/ml and remained there as long as "free" circulating anti-GCDFP-15 antibody was present. The plasma half life of the antibody ranged between 1 and 40 h and the duration of detectable free antibody ranged from 6 to 240 h. No toxicity was observed for the dosage range of antibody tested. No anti-baboon antibody response was detected. In the patient who received four sequential infusions of antibody partial regression of subcutaneous metastatic nodules occurred. The other three patients showed no clinically detectable changes from the antibody infusion. PMID- 3490911 TI - Non-human primate (baboon) anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody infusion in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. A phase I study. AB - A total of 14 patients with advanced visceral carcinoma which produced carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were treated in a Phase I study with IV infusion of affinity purified baboon anti-CEA antibody (dosage range from 0.1 to 2 mg/kg body weight). In all 14 patients, the antibody infusion caused a decrease (26% to 97%) in the plasma level of CEA. The degree of decrease depended upon the patients initial CEA level and the amount of antibody given. In 12 of the 14 patients "free" circulating antibody was observed. The plasma half-life of the antibody ranged from 0.7 to 21 h and the duration of detectable free antibody ranged from 3 to 216 h postinfusion. No toxicity was observed for the dosage range of antibody tested. In 9 of the 14 patients a low titer anti-baboon antibody response occurred between 14 and 28 days postinfusion. No clinical regression of carcinoma was documented. In 7 of the 14 patients disease remained stable during the 28-day study period. By the end of the 28-day study period plasma CEA levels had returned to at least the preinfusion level in 11 of the 14 patients. PMID- 3490914 TI - Right ventricular failure: observations of the interrelationships affecting RV failure after aortocoronary bypass, valve surgery, and congenital heart defect repair. AB - Right ventricular dysfunction in adult coronary artery bypass surgery with or without ventricular aneurysm repair has not been a source of hospital mortality in our institution, whereas it persists as a cause of death not infrequently after repair of congenital heart disease and, on occasion, after valvular surgery. Although we have strong clues as to the true nature of this dichotomy, there are so many factors involved with open congenital heart repairs that the explanation is not certain. Considering the coronary anatomy, the character of right ventricular infarction, the total lack of reports of post-operative angiography, and our clinical results, we have not found sufficient evidence at this time to recommend bypass to right ventricular coronary branches. We believe that the use of a checklist of right ventricular dysfunction after congenital heart repair may result in detection of a reversible cause of right ventricular dysfunction that could be fatal. PMID- 3490915 TI - Effect of preload on ischaemic and non-ischaemic left ventricular regional function. AB - The response to preload of ischaemic and non-ischaemic regions of the left ventricle was studied in 14 dogs undergoing right heart bypass with mean aortic pressure and heart rate held constant. Regional function was measured by sonomicrometry before and after coronary artery occlusion. In the ischaemic region, as expected, there was paradoxical systolic lengthening (that is, systolic shortening was negative) but as stroke volume was progressively increased end diastolic length increased, whereas end systolic length changed little; thus systolic lengthening decreased (systolic shortening increased). Ischaemic regions that were dyskinetic at low stroke volumes were virtually akinetic at high stroke volumes. Additional studies showed that this response was not attributable to increased regional blood flow at high preloads and occurred over a wide range of heart rates and mean aortic pressures. Plots of systolic shortening against end diastolic length, expressing the regional Frank-Starling relation, were well described by linear regression in both ischaemic and non ischaemic regions, although a few of these relations were better described by higher order polynomials. The slopes of these relations in the ischaemic region were 0.86(0.05) before and 0.83(0.06) after ligation, reflecting a small effect of preload on end systolic length. The data suggest that when contractility and afterload are constant preload determines the magnitude and in certain instances the sign of systolic shortening. In any ischaemic regions incapable of developing force the positive slope of the Frank-Starling relation is attributable to myocardial passive elastic properties. Paradoxical lengthening does not, however, necessarily indicate the absence of active force development; positive and negative values of systolic shortening describe a continuous spectrum of regional contractility. Thus the effects of preload and contractility on systolic shortening in ischaemic as well as non-ischaemic myocardium require differentiation. PMID- 3490916 TI - Dental caries in Danish 7-, 11- and 13-year-old children in 1963, 1972 and 1981. PMID- 3490917 TI - ConA-mediated agglutination in rat T-lymphocytes is enhanced by the membrane perturbing agent CTAB. PMID- 3490919 TI - Isolation and characterization of antigen-Ia complexes involved in T cell recognition. AB - Using equilibrium dialysis, it has been previously demonstrated that immunogenic peptides bind specifically to the Ia molecules serving as restriction elements in the immune response to these antigens. Using gel filtration to study the formation of ovalbumin (OVA) peptide-I-Ad complexes, it is herein demonstrated that the complexes, once formed, are very stable (kd approximately equal to 3 X 10(-6) s-1), but the rate of complex formation is very slow (ka approximately 1 M 1 s-1 explaining the overall low equilibrium constant of approximately 2 X 10(-6) M. Treating the complexes with glutaraldehyde revealed that the ovalbumin peptide was cross-linked solely to the alpha chain of I-Ad. Planar membranes containing I Ad-OVA complexes stimulated a T cell response with 2 X 10(4) less antigen than required when uncomplexed antigen was used, thus demonstrating the biologic importance of these complexes in antigen recognition. PMID- 3490918 TI - Protein absorption by tubular mesonephric and metanephric structures in the human embryo. An immunohistochemical study. AB - The presence of different serum proteins in the cells of the proximal tubule of both meso- and metanephric nephrons in human embryos (7th-12th week of intrauterine life) was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Endogenous lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin and ferritin were detected in mesonephric proximal tubules and, starting from the 8th week, also in metanephric proximal tubules. Our observations provide information concerning the appearance and distribution of tubular protein reabsorption during the early stages of development. PMID- 3490920 TI - Anchorage-independent cell growth-inhibiting factor(s) from normal rat liver and ascites hepatoma. AB - Acid/ethanol extracts of normal rat liver and rat ascites hepatoma cells (AH 130) were found to inhibit the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent colony formation of Balb/c 3T3 cells. The extracts did not inhibit the growth of the 3T3 cells in monolayer culture. The inhibitory activities were heat- and acid-stable and were not inactivated by the treatment with pronase, RNase and DNase. Upon ultrafiltration, a considerable fraction of the inhibitory activities were found in the fraction corresponding to the molecular size ranging from 3.5 to 10 Kd, in which no appreciable TGF-beta activity was detected. PMID- 3490921 TI - Extra-ocular chlamydial infection. WHO Working Group. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent of trachoma, affecting hundreds of millions of people, is now recognized as a major cause of sexually transmitted disease. In many countries chlamydial infection now outstrips gonorrhoea as the major cause of genital tract infection. Chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis are frequently complicated by ascending infection involving the endometrium, the fallopian tubes and epididymis. This often results in serious reproductive sequelae, e.g., infertility in the female and ectopic pregnancy. Extra-genital manifestations of chlamydial infection may occur involving the eyes (follicular conjunctivitis), joints (arthritis), and distal intestinal tract. Infection of the newborn child during birth may result in ocular or lung disease.There is need for further research on chlamydial infection, with the involvement of a number of different fields including medicine, epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, molecular genetics and operational research. The role of chlamydia has also to be defined in a variety of clinical syndromes for the development of improved diagnostic reagents and vaccine and the production of improved control and intervention strategies. PMID- 3490922 TI - Present status of yellow fever: memorandum from a PAHO meeting. AB - An international seminar on the treatment and laboratory diagnosis of yellow fever, sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and held in 1984, differed from previous meetings on yellow fever because of its emphasis on the care and management of patients and because the participants included specialists from several branches of medicine, such as hepatology, haematology, cardiology, infectious diseases, pathology and nephrology. The meeting reviewed the current status of yellow fever and problems associated with case-finding and notification; features of yellow fever in individual countries of Latin America; health services and facilities for medical care as they relate to diagnosis and management of cases; prevention strategies for and current status of immunization programmes; clinical and pathological aspects of yellow fever in humans; pathogenesis and pathophysiology of yellow fever in experimental animal models; clinical and specific laboratory diagnosis; treatment of the disease and of complications in the functioning of individual organ systems; prognosis and prognostic indicators; and directions for future clinical and experimental research on pathophysiology and treatment. PMID- 3490923 TI - Iodine deficiency and neonatal hypothyroidism. AB - The incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, as reflected in cord-blood thyroxine and thyrotropin levels, varied from 0.6% to 13.3% in iodine-deficient and normal regions of India (selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala and the city of Delhi), depending on the degree of environmental iodine deficiency. In populations with a high incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, an increased prevalence of nerve deafness and a shift to the left in the distribution of IQ scores (towards lower scores) have been demonstrated. These indications of mild brain damage suggest that nutritional iodine deficiency can present in other ways than goitre or cretinism. Determination of the incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism using dried cord-blood spot screening appears to be the most useful and reliable method to assess the risk of brain damage in iodine-deficient areas. PMID- 3490924 TI - The etiology of lobar pneumonia in the Gambia. AB - Sixty-four patients who had been admitted to hospital in the Gambia with acute lobar pneumonia were investigated. Lung aspiration proved to be the most effective method of establishing a bacterial etiology, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the pathogen isolated most frequently from patients irrespective of age. Among children, Haemophilus influenzae, either singly or in combination with another bacterial agent, was an important cause of pneumonia. Of 13 isolates of H. influenzae two were of serotype a, while four others were non-capsulated. All isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were sensitive to penicillin. PMID- 3490925 TI - [Evaluation of a cutaneous leishmaniasis control program in a forest village of French Guyana]. PMID- 3490926 TI - Blindness and visual impairment in southern Malawi. AB - There is a paucity of reliable information on the prevalence and causes of blindness in sub-Saharan Africa, and this produces problems in designing and evaluating blindness prevention programmes. To address this problem and to provide baseline data for the evaluation of such programmes, the government of Malawi, in conjunction with a number of agencies, conducted a population-based prevalence survey of ocular disease in the Lower Shire River Valley in southern Malawi, an area where blindness is common. The prevalence of bilateral blindness found (1.27%) is similar to that in other developing countries and represents a significant public health problem. At least 60% of this blindness is preventable or easily reversible. PMID- 3490927 TI - Rheumatic fever: clinical profile of the initial attack in India. AB - The clinical profile of acute rheumatic fever in developing countries is frequently reported to differ from that in developed countries. This probably arose because a distinction was not made between the manifestations of the initial attack and those of a recurrence. Here, we report the patterns of presentation and clinical features of 100 cases of carefully determined initial attacks of rheumatic fever. As many as half the patients had carditis, and, of these, 50% exhibited congestive cardiac failure. This high incidence arises because in developing countries with limited health-care facilities patients continue to be physically active during the long pre-admission period. The study confirms that the clinical profile of the initial attack of rheumatic fever in developing countries is in most respects not unlike that in developed countries. PMID- 3490928 TI - Metabolic side-effects of injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, 150 mg three-monthly, in undernourished lactating women. WHO Task Force on Long-acting Agents for Fertility Regulation. AB - Results of a study on the metabolic side-effects of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in undernourished lactating women, compared with non-lactating women, in three centres in India and Thailand are reported. Analysis of the data on anthropometric and biochemical parameters at the time of recruitment indicated that the lactating women were lighter and had lower plasma glucose and triglyceride levels and a higher alkaline phosphatase activity. Serum cholesterol levels tended to be higher during the first six months of lactation. Use of DMPA over a period of one year was not associated with any alteration in glucose tolerance and in the serum triglyceride, total protein and albumin levels. The observed fall in the cholesterol level and alkaline phosphatase activity in DMPA users might be attributed to waning lactation. PMID- 3490929 TI - Studies of atherosclerosis determinants and precursors during childhood and adolescence. AB - At a Meeting of Investigators on Epidemiological Studies of Atherosclerosis Determinants and Precursors, which was held in Geneva on 7-9 November 1983, representatives from 26 countries reviewed the current status of epidemiological studies in this area. Particular interest was shown in the following determinants of cardiovascular disease: blood pressure, blood lipid levels, body weight, pathological studies, and tobacco use. Working papers on each determinant were prepared, and recommendations were made on areas for research, and on the need for prevention programmes and pathological studies. This article summarizes the work of the meeting. PMID- 3490930 TI - Control of cancer of the cervix uteri. A WHO meeting. AB - Cancer of the uterine cervix is a global problem. It is the most common cancer in women in developing countries and is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with approximately half a million new cases each year. It is strongly linked with an early onset of sexual activity and multiple sexual partners; recent evidence points to a causal link between some of the precursor lesions of this cancer and specific papillomavirus infections. Cervical cancer has significant morbidity and mortality if it is not detected before it reaches an advanced stage with symptoms. If the disease is detected in an early asymptomatic stage it is nearly always curable by surgery or radiotherapy. Therefore today, cytological screening is the mainstay for control of cervical cancer.In some developed countries, screening programmes for cervical carcinoma have been in operation for many years. In places where large well-organized programmes have been functioning, significant decreases in mortality, in the range of 50-60%, have been observed. The favourable effects result primarily from the removal of intraepithelial lesions preventing the occurrence of invasive tumours.In countries where resources are limited, the aim should be to screen every woman once in her lifetime between 35 and 40 years of age. When more resources are available the frequency of screening should be increased to once every ten or five years for the age groups 35 to 55 years and, ideally, once every three years for women aged between 25 and 60 years. PMID- 3490931 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide: a potent dilator of human epicardial coronary arteries. AB - To investigate the action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on human epicardial coronary arteries, six patients received intracoronary CGRP at doses of 50,100, and 200 ng/min. The effect of CGRP was measured angiographically with a computerized analysis system. A dose-dependent increase in coronary arterial diameter was observed. At the highest dose there were 34%, 7%, 38%, and 40% mean increases in the diameters of the circumflex, proximal, mid, and distal left anterior descending arteries, respectively. No further increase in diameter was found after a subsequent dose of 1 mg intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate. Prior infusion of CGRP did not prevent coronary arterial spasm induced by ergonovine in two patients with variant angina, but a subsequent bolus of CGRP partially relieved the spasm. We propose that CGRP has a role in the regulation of coronary vascular smooth muscle tone. PMID- 3490932 TI - Guidelines for clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging, December 1986. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Cardiovascular Procedures (Subcommittee on Nuclear Imaging). AB - This report describes the nuclear cardiology procedures available for use as diagnostic techniques in patients with definite or suspected cardiovascular disease. The usefulness of myocardial imaging, radionuclide angiocardiography, and other radionuclide cardiovascular imaging techniques is classified within specific disease states. The clinical utility of each technique is graded from I to IV, depending on the clinical importance of the technique (I equals most important; IV equals not indicated). A grade of V is given for methods now considered to be in their research phase. The usefulness of these methods is discussed in patients with acute ischemic heart disease, chronic ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, pulmonary vascular disease, and hypertensive heart disease. Selected references are provided. PMID- 3490933 TI - Potentiation of IgE production to common environmental allergens by storage house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. AB - Total serum IgE and IgE antibodies against ten common antigens, including Dermatophagoides farinae (D.f.), moth, ragweed, orchard grass, cryptomeria, alternaria, aspergillus, dog dander, cat dander and tetanus toxoid, were determined using the PRIST and the Sepharose-RAST, respectively, in 100 clinically non-allergic Japanese subjects and interrelations of IgE responses to these antigens were investigated. We obtained following results. The number of positive RAST antigens, to which the subjects responded, increased in parallel to their total serum IgE levels. Among ten antigens, D.f. and moth antigens contributed a great deal to the elevation of total serum IgE level as compared with other antigens. When the relationship between IgE response to D.f. and similar responses to the other nine antigens was investigated, positive RAST responses to various antigens occurred selectively in the subjects with positive RAST for D.f., and the number of positive RAST antigens to which the subjects responded increased depending upon their D.f. specific RAST levels. Such an association was not found between IgE response to moth and the other nine antigens. These findings suggest that non-specific activation of IgE-producing B cells occurs as a result of continuing stimulation by D.f. PMID- 3490934 TI - Genetic modelling in schizophrenia according to HLA typing. AB - Studying families of schizophrenic patients, we observed that the risk of developing the overt form of the illness could be enhanced by some factors. Among these various factors we focused our attention on a biological variable, namely the presence or the absence of particular HLA antigens: partitioning our schizophrenic patients according to their HLA structure (i.e. those with HLA-A1 or CRAG-A1 antigens and those with HLA-non-CRAG-A1 antigens, respectively), revealed different illness distribution in the two groups. From a genetic point of view, this finding suggests the presence of heterogeneity in the hypothetical liability system related to schizophrenia and we evaluated the heterogeneity hypothesis by applying alternative genetic models to our data, trying to detect more biologically homogeneous subgroups of the disease. PMID- 3490935 TI - Interleukin 2 defect in the peripheral blood and the lung in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - We studied interleukin 2 (IL-2) production both in the peripheral blood and the lung in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). IL-2 production of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly impaired in patients with SS (P less than 0.001). The patients with extraglandular disease and with associated connective tissue disease were more defective in IL-2 production. The defect could not be attributable to culture conditions. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells were deficient in producing IL-2. However, impaired IL-2 production could be partly restored by either (1) adding PMA to the PHA-stimulated culture, or (2) supplementing indomethacin (IM) from the initiation of the culture, or (3) depletion of adherent cells from PBMC. Furthermore, SS T cells were more sensitive to PGE1 than normal controls. In contrast, the response of PBMC to IL-2 was not disturbed in SS. IL-1 production of SS PBMC was not defective although there seemed to be suppressive factor(s) produced by SS adherent cells. In addition, IL-2 production of SS pulmonary lymphocytes was also decreased, suggesting that IL-2 producing cells might not be sequestrated in the lung. These data suggest that qualitative T cell defects and suppressor macrophages might be responsible for defective IL-2 production in SS and that IL-2 deficiency may contribute to the disordered immunoregulation in SS. PMID- 3490936 TI - Characterization of an acidic nuclear protein recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - A nuclear antigen is recognized by autoantibodies in the sera of some patients with IgA nephropathy. Using these autoantibodies as a reagent, this antigen was purified 77.2-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE chromatography and Sepharose 6BCL gel filtration. The antigenicity of this antigen was sensitive to trypsin but resistant to RNase and DNase, suggesting that the antigenic determinant resided in protein and not nucleic acids. This antigen was inactivated at 56 degrees C for 3 h. Isoelectrophoretic focussing showed that the pI was below 4. The immunoblotting (Western transfer) assay showed a single polypeptide (69,000 Daltons) which proved to be a reactive antigen. PMID- 3490937 TI - Analysis of the clonal origins of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and DNA in autoimmune thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have analysed the isoelectric focusing (IEF) spectra of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, and of anti dsDNA autoantibodies in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), NZB/NZW F1 hybrid, MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL/++ male and female mice. Ninety-two per cent of patients with anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies had a polyclonal spectrotype compared with only 25% of SLE patients analysed for anti-dsDNA. Fifty five per cent of the latter had monoclonal spectrotypes, the remainder being either biclonal or having a dominant clone on a polyclonal background. By contrast, only two out of 61 autoimmune thyroiditis patients expressed monoclonal anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies. All of the lupus mice had highly restricted spectrotypes (monoclonal or biclonal) of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. The implications of these results for the aetiology of autoimmunity are discussed. PMID- 3490938 TI - Requirement of H-2-subregion differences for graft-versus-host autoimmunity in mice: superiority of the differences at class-II H-2 antigens (I-A/I-E). AB - The effect of various H-2-subregion differences on graft-versus-host (GVH) autoimmunity in mice was investigated by testing a variety of GVH combinations in which non-irradiated adult F1 hybrid mice were injected with parental strain lymphoid cells. As with previous results, the superiority of Class-II H-2 antigen (I-A/I-E) differences to other kinds of H-2 incompatibilities, such as Class-I H 2 antigen (H-2K/H-2D) differences, was largely confirmed. Anti-nuclear antibodies were produced significantly across Class-I as well as Class-II H-2 differences. However, the productions of anti-erythrocyte and anti-thymocyte autoantibodies were mainly confined to GVH reactions induced across Class-II H-2 antigens. Elevated proteinuria was elicited only in the GVH combinations that included the differences at Class-II H-2 antigens. GVH autoimmunity, however, did not always result in the significant occurrence of elevated proteinuria. The level of in vitro IgG production by GVH spleen cells correlated closely with the degree of autoimmunity. PMID- 3490939 TI - Appearance of spontaneously Ig secreting B cells in human peripheral blood after surgery. AB - Lymphoblastoid B cells, spontaneously secreting specific antibodies of IgG and IgA classes, are constantly detected after in-vivo immunization and represent a sensitive marker of a recent antigenic exposure. In this study we demonstrate that surgical trauma is followed, at a well-defined time after surgery, by the appearance of circulating lymphoblastoid B cells spontaneously secreting IgG and IgA. The kinetics and the functional behaviour of this B cell subset are identical to those of lymphoblastoid B cells observed after in-vivo immunization. Our data indicate that surgical trauma activates a humoral immune response. Antigens released by traumatized tissues or encountered through breaches in skin or mucous membranes might initiate the reaction. PMID- 3490940 TI - Endothelial cell enhancement of PWM induced immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - The effect of various exogenous cells on the in-vitro PWM stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was investigated. The accessory cells tested were bovine and human endothelial cells, bovine and human fibroblasts, normal human monocytes, and a monocyte cell line U937. Bovine and human endothelial cells boosted PWM-induced IgG and IgM synthesis, sometimes threefold. The enhancement was maintained over the 7-11 day period of culture and probably required cell to cell contact. It was not seen with the other cell types added and was, therefore, unlikely to be a consequence of an allogeneic or a xenogeneic stimulation, or a nonspecific 'feeder cell' effect. PMID- 3490942 TI - Tolerance to cryptococcal polysaccharide in cured cryptococcosis patients: failure of antibody secretion in vitro. AB - Ten patients cured of cryptococcosis and 14 normal volunteers were immunized with subcutaneous injections of cryptococcal polysaccharide (CPS). Peripheral mononuclear cells cultured from the volunteers 7 days post-immunization secreted significant amounts of IgM, IgA and IgG antibody to CPS in vitro. In cell cultures obtained 7 days after immunization of patients, nine of 10 had neither IgM nor IgG antibody response to CPS, and eight lacked anti-CPS IgA. Depletion of T lymphocytes from patients' cell cultures did not promote specific antibody secretion to CPS by B cells. The intense, prolonged antigenaemia with CPS that accompanies cryptococcosis may be responsible for the failure of cured patients to have circulating anti-CPS-secreting cells after immunization. PMID- 3490941 TI - Stimulating and differentiation factors for human B lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - T cells from 18 untreated SLE patients produced significantly more B cell growth factor (BCGF) than did those from normal subjects. Those from SLE patients with active disease produced significantly more than did those from patients with inactive disease. The response to BCGF of SAC-stimulated B lymphocytes from SLE patients was higher than that of B lymphocytes from normal individuals. Similarly preactivated B cells from five of seven SLE patients also proliferated upon the addition of interleukin 1 (IL-1) whereas those of normal subjects did not. Simultaneous addition of IL-1 and BCGF had a synergistic proliferative effect on B cells from two of seven SLE patients but not on any of the controls. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) had no proliferative effect in either SLE or normal B cells. Supernatant fractions from T cells of seven of 10 patients with active SLE and three of 10 with inactive SLE induced more IgG production by CESS cells than did those of normal subjects indicating a higher production of B cell differentiation factor by SLE T cells than by those of controls. Our findings may explain the reported preactivation and predifferentiation of peripheral blood B cells from SLE patients and give insight into the mechanisms leading to the production of autoantibodies in this disease. PMID- 3490943 TI - Identification of a low molecular weight, macrophage-derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblasts migrate in vitro in response to a variety of chemoattractants including cellular, humoral, and connective tissue components. This report describes a low molecular weight, macrophage-derived chemotactic substance for fibroblasts (MDCF-F). Thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells were collected from mice 4 days postinjection. Platelets were removed and glass adherent macrophages were selected in the absence of fetal calf serum. The macrophage culture medium was then tested for chemotactic activity for 3T3 mouse fibroblasts using a modified Boyden chamber. Chemotactic activity was observed in the macrophage medium after a 48-hr culture period and increased during the next 24 hr. The activity was sensitive to heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min, could be effectively absorbed out of the culture medium by preincubation with 3T3 fibroblasts, and was not recognized by human fibroblasts. Molecular-sieve chromatography indicated a molecular weight below 10,000. This low molecular weight, macrophage-derived chemoattractant for fibroblasts may represent a rapidly diffusable substance involved in the recruitment of fibroblasts to sites of inflammation. PMID- 3490945 TI - Systemic Hemophilus influenzae disease in children. A 10-year retrospective study of an urban hospital population. AB - A 10-year retrospective study of age-frequency, sites of infection, and pre existing conditions in 297 children with Hemophilus influenzae (HI) disease seen at Grady Memorial Hospital from 1974 through 1984 is described. The majority of the patients were black (73%) and of lower socioeconomic status and were less than 2 years of age. Manifestations of HI disease were similar to those described in reports from other centers, with meningitis being the most common (56.7%). Epiglottitis was much less common in the present study than is generally reported. The death rate of all patients was 1.8 percent. The results of this study indicate that HI disease continues to be a significant risk in children less than 2 years of age. PMID- 3490944 TI - Effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor on eicosanoid synthesis and glomerular injury during acute unilateral glomerulonephritis in the rat. AB - Eicosanoid synthesis was studied in a model of in situ glomerulonephritis (gn) in the rat. Unilateral gn was induced by perfusion of left kidneys with 200 micrograms cationized human IgG followed by intravenous (i.v.) autologous anti human IgG antiserum. Rats developed proteinuria in the first 24 hours and hypercellular gn with leukocyte infiltration in the left kidney. Synthesis of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F 1 alpha(6-keto-PGF 1 alpha) was measured at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours in isolated glomeruli by radioimmunoassay. In nephritic glomeruli there was a nine-fold rise in TXB2 at six hours (5.35 ng/mg glomerular protein) when compared to control (0.6 ng/mg). TXB2 was still elevated at 24 hours (2.7 +/- 1 ng/mg; control 0.7 +/ 0.2 ng/mg). There were no consistent changes in PGE2 or 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha. No changes were found in right kidneys of nephritic or control rats. Treatment of nephritic rats with a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazmegrel (20 mg/kg 8 hourly intraperitoneally), suppressed glomerular TXB2 at 24 hours. TXB2 was also inhibited in right (non-nephritic) kidneys and serum. Dazmegrel did not inhibit proteinuria or glomerular hypercellularity. We conclude there is a major increase in glomerular TXB2 in this model which does not play an essential role in the development of proteinuria or cellular infiltration. PMID- 3490946 TI - Thrombocytosis in children with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - A retrospective study of thrombocytosis in children with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis was performed. Forty-five percent of patients had a platelet count greater than 500 X 10(9)/l during hospitalization. The mean platelet count was 284 X 10(9)/l on admission, and gradually increased to 648 X 10(9)/l on day 11 of hospitalization. These results document that thrombocytosis is common among children with H. influenzae meningitis and suggest that it is probably a recovery phenomenon. PMID- 3490948 TI - Do exposure to organic solvents precipitate rheumatic disease? PMID- 3490947 TI - The arthritis of hemochromatosis. A review of 25 cases with special reference to chondrocalcinosis, and a comparison with patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and controls. AB - Twenty-five cases of hemochromatosis established on histological grounds were reviewed in order to study their articular complaints. Symptoms relating to articular damage were the first signs of the disease in about one quarter of the cases. More than half of the patients (n = 14) exhibited inflammatory arthritis, usually of the hands and knees. The arthritis was chronic in all the patients. Acute arthritis of the joints of the hands and feet appeared in the course of the disease in two patients. Chondrocalcinosis was present in 20% of cases with X rays of joints (n = 20). The classical subchondral arthropathy was observed in the metacarpophalangeal joints in 35% of the patients. In two patients chondrocalcinosis and subchondral arthropathy were both present. These data are compared with those of 66 patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism and of 229 controls with rheumatic complaints. The severity of the arthropathy in hemochromatosis is stressed. PMID- 3490949 TI - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a recognized but infrequent accompaniment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A patient with AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and disseminated coccidioidomycosis occurring outside of an endemic area is described. Fungal infection presented atypically with progressive thoracic adenopathy and the development of cold soft tissue abscesses. As is often the case with AIDS, serologic testing proved to be unreliable and tissue biopsy the only means of accurate diagnosis. PMID- 3490950 TI - Transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS) in dental practice. PMID- 3490951 TI - Emergency coronary bypass surgery for intractable cardiovascular collapse associated with severe left main coronary artery stenosis. PMID- 3490952 TI - Suicide among physicians: prevention and postvention. PMID- 3490953 TI - Yugoslavia: a natural laboratory for suicide research? PMID- 3490955 TI - Antigen presentation by B lymphocytes: a critical step in T-B collaboration. PMID- 3490954 TI - Corneal penetration of topical amphotericin B and natamycin. AB - The corneal uptake and penetration of 14C-labelled 0.15% amphotericin B and 5% natamycin were studied in Dutch-belted rabbits. Corneal levels of natamycin were substantially higher than amphotericin B. For both drugs, these levels were influenced by corneal contact time. In corneas debrided of epithelium, both agents entered the corneal stroma and levels were detected in aqueous in the therapeutic range. However, in corneas with intact epithelium, penetration was negligible for amphotericin B (0.23 microgram/gm at 2 mins). By contrast, although penetration of natamycin was greatly reduced, 7.0 micrograms/gm were present at 2 mins. PMID- 3490956 TI - Abnormal thallium 201 scintigraphy during low-dose vasopressin infusions. AB - Thallium 201 (201Tl) myocardial scans were obtained in 16 patients just prior to the discontinuation of a vasopressin infusion (.1 to .2 units/min) administered for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Repeat scintigraphy was performed two to three hours after the vasopressin was stopped. Eleven of the 16 patients (69 percent) demonstrated areas of decreased myocardial 201Tl uptake that resolved after the infusion was stopped. Heart rate-blood pressure product was significantly lower at the time of the second scan. Autopsies were secured in three of 11 scan-positive patients: one had severe coronary artery obstruction, one nonsignificant disease, and another had normal coronary arteries. Vasopressin, even at low doses, can induce abnormalities in myocardial perfusion that are probably mediated by a direct effect on the coronary circulation. They are usually not detectable by routine monitoring techniques and conceivably form the basis for the cardiovascular morbidity associated with the use of this agent. PMID- 3490957 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis. Subclinical inflammatory alveolitis in patients with normal chest roentgenograms. AB - To determine whether a subclinical inflammatory alveolitis is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we compared the numbers and types of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from 12 patients with PBC, ten healthy control subjects, and nine patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). All were free of clinical pulmonary symptoms and had normal findings on chest roentgenograms. Total BAL cell count did not differ among patients with PBC (mean 9.6 X 10(4) cells/ml), patients with AC (mean 14.8 X 10(4) cells/ml), and control subjects (mean 9.9 X 10(4) cells/ml). Patients with PBC but not patients with AC had an increased proportion of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (respectively 22.4 percent +/- 5.2 and 11.6 percent +/- 2.52 compared with the normal value of 9.9 percent +/- 1.5 p less than 0.05). In the same way, alveolar lymphocytosis of the lower respiratory tract from PBC patients predominantly comprised T4+ (helper/inducer) T-lymphocyte subset in patients showing an increased alveolar lymphocytosis. Alveolar macrophages from PBC patients showed a dramatic increased chemiluminescence response before and after stimulation by phorbol-myristate acetate, regardless of the intensity of alveolar lymphocytosis. Thus, our data demonstrated that subclinical alveolar inflammation comprising T-lymphocytes and activated alveolar macrophages mimicking sarcoid alveolitis is present in a high proportion of patients with PBC. PMID- 3490958 TI - Adverse reactions associated with pentamidine isethionate in AIDS patients: recommendations for monitoring therapy. AB - Since pentamidine has become commercially available, there is renewed interest in using it as the initial treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. We reviewed the use of pentamidine in 24 patients with PCP to gain information on the prevalence and severity of adverse effects from this drug. Twenty out of twenty-four patients (83 percent) experienced some kind of adverse effect. Hepatic abnormalities (58 percent), nausea and vomiting (46 percent), hypoglycemia (33 percent), azotemia (25 percent), and pain at the injection site (25 percent) were the most frequently seen effects. We recommend monitoring guidelines to be applied during pentamidine therapy based on the observed frequency of specific side effects. PMID- 3490959 TI - [Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias]. PMID- 3490960 TI - Hydrocephalus in Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 3490961 TI - [Characteristics of the epidermal growth factor receptors in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and in intestinal tumors induced by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine]. AB - Using the Scatchard analysis of 125J-EGF binding it was shown that plasma membranes of gastric and small intestinal epithelial cells contain approximately 20 times less EGF-receptors (EGF-R) than liver cells. Investigation of the phosphorylation activity of EGF-R-kinase was performed in vitro on plasma membranes from intestine, intestinal tumours and liver cells. The main protein phosphorylated at tyrosine in the tumours was p34 but the intensity of EGF-R autophosphorylation and its total protein-tyrosine kinase activity were reduced (as compared with small-intestinal and liver cell membranes). In the tumours of the colon induced by DMH an increased binding of 125J-EGF has been observed as compared with normal colonic enterocytes and increased number of EGF-R was clearly demonstrated. Phosphorylation of p34 in the intestinal membranes proceeds much more intensively than that of EGF-R. PMID- 3490962 TI - Placental secretion of androgens in the rat. AB - In contrast to the human placenta, which does not secrete androgens, the rat placenta synthesizes significant amounts of these steroids. The purpose of this study was to determine why the rat placenta does not secrete androgens before day 12 of pregnancy, to ascertain whether the rat placenta secretes more androstenedione than testosterone, to compare the capacity of luteal and placental tissue to secrete androgen, and to determine whether the rat placental produces androstenedione via the delta 4- or delta 5-steroidogenic pathway. To determine whether the inability of the rat placenta to produce androstenedione before midpregnancy was due to the absence of active 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase enzymes and also to investigate the ontogeny of both placental production of androstenedione and enzyme activities, placentas were isolated from rats between days 8-21 of pregnancy and either incubated or used to determine the activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase. Before day 11, enzyme activity was not detectable. From day 11, both enzyme activities and placental secretion of androstenedione steadily increased to peak values by day 18 and declined just before parturition. To investigate the principal aromatizable androgen secreted both in vivo and in vitro approaches were used. Levels of androstenedione and testosterone found in the uterine vein as well as those produced by placental tissue were determined. Rat placentas secreted markedly more androstenedione than testosterone, both in vivo and in vitro. When placental and luteal secretion of androstenedione and testosterone were compared, it was found that luteal tissue had a higher capacity for androgen synthesis than did the placenta. Yet, because of its greater mass, each placenta secreted 15 times more androstenedione and 4.5 times more testosterone than each corpus luteum. To determine the preferential usage of progesterone or pregnenolone as substrate by the placenta, [14C] progesterone and [3H]pregnenolone were added in equimolar concentrations. The resulting 14C to 3H ratio of the androgen produced indicates that the preferred substrate is progesterone. In summary, results of this investigation describe, for the first time, the development of 17 alpha hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities in the rat placenta and demonstrate that the placenta does not produce androgen before day 11 due to the absence of active enzymes. The results further demonstrate that the rat placenta secretes significantly more androstenedione that testosterone both in vivo and in vitro, produces more androgen than the corpus luteum because of its greater mass, and forms its androgen primarily via the delta 4-st PMID- 3490964 TI - Pulmonary synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in isolated perfused rabbit and rat lung preparations. AB - The present investigation was designed to determine the pulmonary biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from L-tryptophan. Artificially ventilated, isolated rabbit and rat lungs were perfused with a constituted medium. Tryptophan and its metabolites were detected by high pressure liquid chromatography using an electrochemical detector. 14C-tryptophan uptake by the rabbit lung was 5.6% and 3.9% in the rat lung after 1 hr of perfusion. The perfusate (100 ml) concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine increased significantly (1.1 to 1.8 micrograms 5-HT and 4.4 to 6.5 micrograms 5-HTP) during rabbit lung perfusion. However, no metabolites were detected in the perfusate during rat lung perfusion. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were greater in both rabbit and rat lungs when they were perfused with 0.4 mM tryptophan, compared to their levels in lungs perfused without tryptophan. The increase of 5-HT content in rat lung alone was statistically significant. 5 Hydroxytryptophan was not detected in the rabbit or rat lungs. These results suggest the presence of a mechanism for tryptophan metabolism in lung, similar to that in brain and gastrointestinal tract. However, since the rate of pulmonary metabolism of tryptophan is very low, pulmonary synthesis of 5-HT from tryptophan and its contribution to the circulating 5-HT pool is unlikely to be of significance. PMID- 3490963 TI - Calcium-independent and calcium-dependent mechanisms regulate corticotropin releasing factor-stimulated proopiomelanocortin peptide secretion and messenger ribonucleic acid production. AB - We have evaluated the role of calcium in basal and secretagogue-stimulated release of beta-endorphin and PRL and the levels of their respective mRNAs in primary cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Treatment of anterior pituitary cells with the calcium channel blocker methoxyverapamil (D600; 10 microM) or with calcium-free medium for 1 h did not alter the basal release of beta-endorphin and only partially blocked CRF (10 nM)-stimulated beta-endorphin release. In contrast to these effects of D600 or calcium-free medium on corticotrophs, both of these test conditions decreased basal secretion of PRL from lactotrophs by 50-70% and completely blocked forskolin (10 microM)-stimulated PRL secretion. Although omission of calcium from the culture medium caused a 50% decrease in basal levels of both proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and PRL mRNA, treatment of cells with D600 did not significantly alter the basal levels of POMC or PRL mRNA. Treatment of cells with D600 partially blocked CRF-stimulated elevation of POMC mRNA and forskolin stimulated elevation of PRL mRNA. The calcium agonist barium (1 mM) produced a 2 fold increase in both beta-endorphin and PRL release, which was blocked by D600. Treatment of cells with barium had no effect on POMC mRNA levels, but increased PRL mRNA levels. D600 treatment of cells partially blocked barium-stimulated PRL mRNA levels. These findings demonstrate a calcium-dependent as well as a calcium independent component of CRF-stimulated beta-endorphin secretion and CRF stimulated POMC mRNA elevation. In contrast, PRL secretion and biosynthesis appear to be totally calcium-dependent processes. PMID- 3490965 TI - Effects of corn oil and benzyl acetate on number and size of azaserine-induced foci in the pancreas of LEW and F344 rats. AB - The response of LEW and F344 strain rats to the pancreatic carcinogen azaserine was compared using the size and number of azaserine-induced acidophilic acinar cell foci and nodules as parameters in a 4-month experiment. A second experiment compared the effect of corn oil intake by gavage and dietary routes on the growth of azaserine-induced pancreatic lesions in LEW rats. A third experiment tested the activity of benzyl acetate in regard to its ability to induce acinar cell foci or to promote the growth of such foci in azaserine-treated rats. The results showed that equivalent doses of azaserine induce two to seven times more foci in LEW than in F344 rats, and that LEW rats have a higher incidence of "spontaneous" foci than F344 rats. Azaserine-treated LEW rats that were given 5 mL corn oil/kg body weight 5 days per week by gavage developed more acinar cell foci than rats fed a basal diet (chow). Addition of an equivalent amount of corn oil to chow had a similar effect of enhancing the development of foci. Rats of neither strain developed acinar cell foci when benzyl acetate was given by gavage or in the diet nor was there evidence that benzyl acetate has a significant effect on the development of foci in azaserine-treated rats. These studies also demonstrate that the azaserine/rat model of pancreatic carcinogenesis which was developed in LEW rats can be adapted for use with F344 rats. PMID- 3490966 TI - T-cell activation in pulmonary lymph nodes of mice exposed to ozone. AB - As part of a project to assess the effect of ozone inhalation on cells of the mediastinal lymph nodes, groups of CD-1 female mice were exposed to ozone at 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 ppm, 20 hr per day, 7 days per week for 1-28 days. The effect of ozone exposure on lymphoid cells was determined by studying mediastinal lymph nodes at various times of exposure. We found that lymphocyte numbers underwent a dose-dependent, four-phased change: cellular depletion (Days 1-2), followed by rapid hyperplasia (Days 3-4), incremental cell number reduction (Days 5-7), and a subsequent subacute phase of elevated lymphocyte numbers (Days 8-28). Using tritiated thymidine we determined that cells underwent a rapid burst of division by Day 3 of exposure and that mitosis subsequently declined to near baseline values by 2 weeks of exposure. Autoradiographic analysis of histologic sections revealed that the paracortical T-cell areas of the nodes were particularly involved. In addition to the increase in thymidine uptake, several morphologic changes were evident in affected cells including cellular reorganization, nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, and induction of a prominent nucleolus. By comparison, the B cells from ozone-exposed animals were virtually unaffected with respect to cell division or morphological alterations. Prior treatment of ozone-exposed animals with a monoclonal antibody that is cytotoxic for T cells eliminated the hyperplastic response. Since T cells seemed particularly affected by ozone inhalation, we studied immunologic aspects of T-cell reactivity. T-cell responsiveness to mitogenic stimulation with concanavalin A showed little alteration during the first days of exposure; however, by Day 14 an increase in reactivity was observed. This change indicated that functional lymphocyte stimulation occurred during ozone exposure. Thus, response to ozone inhalation involves an acute phase (Days 1-7) characterized by a hyperplastic increase in cell mass and a subacute phase (Days 8-28) characterized by functional changes in lymphocyte reactivity. PMID- 3490967 TI - Chronic exposure to aldicarb-contaminated groundwater and human immune function. AB - Aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, has been a known groundwater contaminant in Wisconsin since 1981. To assess the effects of chronic ingestion of low-level aldicarb-contaminated groundwater (less than 61 ppb) on the immune function of humans, we identified 50 women, ages 18 to 70, with no known underlying reason for immunodysfunction. Twenty-three of these women (exposed group) consumed groundwater with detectable levels of aldicarb, and 27 (unexposed group) consumed water from a source with no detectable levels of aldicarb. Data were collected on each woman's health status, immune function, and fluid intake. Exposed women as compared with unexposed women showed an elevated stimulation assay response to the antigen Candida (P less than 0.02, t test). The exposed group had increased numbers of T8 cells (P less than 0.05, t test), an increased percentage of total lymphocytes as T8 cells (P less than 0.02, t test), and a decreased ratio of T4:T8 cells (P less than 0.02, t test). Our results suggest an association between consumption of aldicarb-contaminated groundwater and abnormalities in T cell subsets in women with otherwise intact immune systems. PMID- 3490968 TI - T cell receptor genes in an alloreactive CTL clone: implications for rearrangement and germline diversity of variable gene segments. AB - Both cDNA and genomic clones of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha- and beta-chain genes of the alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone F3 were examined. Two distinct rearrangement events, one functional and one non-functional, were found for both the alpha and beta loci. Thus only a single functional TCR alpha beta heterodimer could be defined, consistent with allelic exclusion in the TCR genes. The V alpha gene employed by F3 is part of a six-member V alpha subfamily. Genomic clones containing each member of this subfamily were isolated and the V alpha nucleotide sequences determined. Five of these six genes are functional; these genes differ from each other by 7-14% at the amino acid level. A single dominant hypervariable region was defined within this subfamily, in contrast to the pattern of variability seen between V alpha genes in general. PMID- 3490970 TI - The relative potencies of thiopentone and propofol. AB - The relative potencies of the intravenous anaesthetics propofol and thiopentone have been investigated by finding the dose necessary to produce unconsciousness in approximately 30%, 50% and 80% of patients. The estimated potency of propofol to thiopentone was 1:1.604 as obtained by the probit method of analysis which estimates the logarithm of the relative potency. PMID- 3490971 TI - The new formulation of I.C.I. 35868 (propofol) as the main agent for minor surgical procedures. AB - Thirty unpremedicated patients for day-case surgery were anaesthetized with 2.5 mg kg-1 of a new formulation of I.C.I. 35868 (propofol: Diprivan--I.C.I.) in a lipid emulsion. An initial bolus of fentanyl (1-1.5 micrograms kg-1) was given. Anaesthesia was maintained with intermittent boluses of propofol (1 mg kg-1) with no other agent added. The significant problems were: a high incidence of pain on injection (30%) and apnoea following induction lasting more than 30 s (57%). Cardiovascular depression was significant but not considered excessive. Recovery from the drug was rapid and uneventful, with no reported hangover effect. PMID- 3490972 TI - Anaesthesia with ICI 35,868 monitored by the cerebral function analysing monitor (CFAM). AB - Ten patients who received bolus doses of the cremophor formulation of ICI 35,868 were monitored using the Cerebral Function Analysing Monitor (CFAM). Visual inspection of the traces obtained showed an easily recognizable pattern which was associated with an increasing depth of anaesthesia. Statistical analysis showed a high correlation between venous blood levels of the drug and changes recorded by the CFAM, although there was marked inter-patient variation. It is suggested that this variation is due to the effect of a time-lag between changes in drug concentration in the brain and venous blood. PMID- 3490969 TI - Mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of EGF receptor affect EGF binding and receptor internalization. AB - Binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptor results in a cascade of events that culminate in cell division. The receptor is present on the cell surface in two forms of high and low affinity binding for EGF. EGF binding activates the receptor's intracellular tyrosine kinase activity and subsequently causes the receptor to be rapidly internalized into the cell via clathrin-coated pits. We have cloned the EGF receptor cDNA into a retroviral expression vector and made mutations in vitro to investigate the function of different receptor domains. Deletion of cytoplasmic sequences abolishes high but not low affinity sites as well as impairing the ability of the protein to internalize into cells. Thus, cytoplasmic sequences must be involved in the regulation of high affinity sites and are required for EGF-induced receptor internalization. A four amino acid insertion mutation at residue 708 abolishes the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the immunoprecipitated receptor. However, this receptor mutant exhibits both the high and low affinity states, internalizes efficiently and is able to cause cells to undergo DNA synthesis in response to EGF. Another four amino acid insertion mutation (residue 888) abolishes protein-tyrosine kinase activity, high affinity binding, internalization and mitogenic responsiveness. Finally, a chimaeric receptor composed of the extracellular EGF binding domain and the cytoplasmic v-abl kinase region transforms Rat-I cells. This chimaeric receptor possesses intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity which cannot be regulated by EGF. Moreover, EGF fails to induce the internalization of the chimaeric receptor. PMID- 3490973 TI - Effect of changing selection pressures on trimethoprim resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The incidence of trimethoprim resistance was correlated with changes in prescription behaviour in the Nottingham area from 1978-1985. The prevalence of trimethoprim resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients with urinary tract infection rose from 5% to 15% of total strains examined. Strains resistant to trimethoprim but susceptible to sulfamethoxazole appeared from 1980 onward and represented 35% of the total trimethoprim-resistant strains examined in 1985. Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole) has been generally available for prescription in the United Kingdom since 1969, whereas trimethoprim alone was released in October 1979. By 1983, prescriptions in the form of trimethoprim alone accounted for approximately 50% (in hospitals) and 15% (in the community) of total trimethoprim usage in the Nottingham area. Although the introduction of trimethoprim alone seems to have had only a minor effect on overall resistance levels, it has greatly increased the proportion of trimethoprim-resistant strains which are susceptible to sulfamethoxazole. This was particularly evident in strains of Proteus spp., in which 52% of the total trimethoprim-resistant strains were sulfamethoxazole-susceptible in 1985. PMID- 3490975 TI - In vitro activity of cefetamet (Ro 15-8074). PMID- 3490976 TI - B cell response in Chlamydia trachomatis endometritis. PMID- 3490974 TI - Beta-lactamase production in the upper respiratory tract flora. AB - In order to determine the recovery rate of species of the genera Haemophilus and Moraxella (including subgenus Branhamella) from the upper respiratory tract and the incidence of beta-lactamase production within these genera, cultures were made of nose and throat swab specimens and adenoid tissue in 50 children undergoing adenoidectomy. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from 92% of the children. All children harboured strains of Haemophilus spp. and in 46%, at least one strain produced the TEM-1 beta-lactamase. Branhamella catarrhalis and/or Moraxella nonliquefaciens were isolated from 82% of the children and strains producing the BRO-1 beta-lactamase from 34%. Overall, TEM-1 and/or BRO-1 producing strains were recovered from 60% of the investigated patients. The beta lactamase production was found to be transferable by conjugation within the respective genera. It is suggested that the apathogenic species may be a source of transferable determinants mediating beta-lactamase production in the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 3490977 TI - Synergistic responses in human platelets. Comparison between aggregation, secretion and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. AB - Synergistic interaction between ADP, adrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and [8 arginine]vasopressin is not observed for the aggregatory response of aspirin treated human platelets when this response is estimated directly from the decrease in the number of single platelets in the suspension. This finding is in marked contrast with prior reports of synergistic interaction between these agonists when the rate and extent of the aggregometer response is estimated from the increase in the light transmittance of the suspension, using a platelet aggregometer. We propose that the apparent synergistic response detected using the aggregometer results from the inability of this instrument to respond during the initial phase of aggregation. Significant synergistic interaction is observed for the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by addition of the ADP/5HT and, to a lesser extent, of the ADP/vasopressin agonist pairs as compared with that caused by addition of the individual agonists. This effect is not, however, typical of the system since increases in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by addition of the ADP/thrombin or 5HT/vasopressin agonist pairs are no greater than the sum of the responses to these agonists added separately. Addition of collagen prior to ADP or 11,9-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2 (U46619) fails to enhance the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by these latter agonists. Adrenaline, when added prior to non-saturating concentrations of U46619, thrombin, vasopressin or ADP, significantly enhances the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by these agonists in platelets suspended in media containing less than 0.1 microM or 1 mM Ca2+. However, adrenaline fails to enhance the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] induced by the divalent cation ionophore, ionomycin. Enhancement by adrenaline of Ca2+ influx induced by U46619, thrombin and ADP has been shown by using Mn2+ as probe. Adrenaline also enhances the extent of [3H]5HT secretion induced by U46619, thrombin and vasopressin but fails to increase that induced by ADP in this aspirin-treated preparation. These results are in part consistent with the postulate that adrenaline, acting via an alpha 2-adrenoceptor, modulates receptor -phospholipase-C coupling. However, such modulation does not appear to involve inhibition of adenylate cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3490978 TI - Fast dynamic study in cardiac positron CT using 13N-ammonia in man. AB - Fast dynamic studies with positron computed tomography (PCT) of the heart have been relatively few because of the technical limitations of prevalently used PCT devices. In the present study, we used a high-sensitivity, whole-body multislice PCT device (POSITOLOGICA-II) and performed serial 6-s PCT scans after the intravenous bolus injection of 13N-ammonia in 15 cardiac patients and 5 normal subjects. On the first image (0-6 s), 13N activity was primarily in the right atrium and ventricle. On the third image (12-18 s), it was primarily in the left atrium and ventricle. These blood-pool images permit evaluation of size and configuration of ventricles and atria in cardiac patients and normal subjects. Clearance of 13N activity in the blood pools and lungs occurred primarily during the 1st min. Thereafter, the myocardial images were delineated. In patients with heart failure, delayed clearance of the tracer from the blood pools and lungs was observed. The results indicate that initial passage of the tracer through the heart can be observed with the use of fast dynamic PCT. PMID- 3490979 TI - The preparation of 11C-labelled fluoromethane for the study of regional cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography. AB - Fluoromethane, previously labelled with 18F and used as a tracer in the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow, was 11C-labelled by the reaction of 11C-methyl iodide with tetraethylammonium fluoride. Sufficient quantities of radiotracer were prepared with a minimum amount of handling from 15 min target irradiations in the 14N(p, alpha)11C reaction. Total synthesis time was 25 min from end-of-bombardment, allowing serial blood flow measurements 30 min apart. The use of 11C-fluoromethane as a cerebral blood flow tracer in positron emission tomography is discussed. PMID- 3490980 TI - Difference of 14C turnovers in brain and in transplanted glioma after intravenous injection of 14C-1-pyruvate into rats. AB - Carbon 14 from 14C-1-pyruvate injected intravenously into glioma-transplanted rats was incorporated into various compounds in the brain and in the tumor. In the brain the majority of activity was found in CO2 (60%), and minor activities were found in alanine, lactate (15%), glutamate, and aspartate, with decreasing order, 5 min after injection. In the tumor, at 5 min, the largest activity was in lactate (56%), and lower activities were found in CO2 (24%), alanine, glutamate, and aspartate. The total 14C concentration in the tumor was twice that in the brain at 5 min and 15 min. The result was in accordance with the prediction that in brain, where the mitochondrial function is active, 14C-1-pyruvate will be oxidized completely into 14CO2, and that in tumor, where the mitochondrial function is insufficient, 14C-1-pyruvate will be converted only into 14C-lactate and prevent further degradation. It may be assumed that this difference in the turnover of 14C of 14C-1-pyruvate between brain and tumor could constitute a basis for the 'hot' visualization of human brain tumor using cyclotron-produced 11C-1-pyruvate and positron-emission tomography. PMID- 3490982 TI - The clinical value of 201Tl per rectum scintigraphy in the work-up of patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - The clinical value of thallium 201 per rectum scintigraphy in the work-up of patients with alcoholic liver disease was evaluated using data obtained in 104 patients. The 25th min ratio of heart to liver activities was used as an index of portal systemic shunting. This ratio was found to be normal in alcoholic patients with normal liver biopsy and also in those presenting only steatosis. It was slightly higher in patients with liver fibrosis and significantly higher values were observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. High values of the ratio were associated with a higher risk of portal systemic encephalopathy and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. The prognostic value of the test was supported by the fact that good correlations were observed between the ratio and widely accepted prognostic scores such as the Child score or the Orrego index. Moreover, high ratios were associated with an increased mortality risk at one year. We conclude that this simple test is interesting in the screening of cirrhotics at risk of encephalopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or early death. PMID- 3490981 TI - Sequential sampling: a new acquisition technique for fatty acid kinetics from quasi-simultaneous multiple projections. AB - Studies of myocardial metabolism by rapidly catabolized fatty acids like omega-I 123-heptadecanoic acid (IHA) are usually limited to one planar view of require sophisticated equipment, such as bidirectional slant-hole collimators or seven pinhole collimators for multiplane or tomographic views. To solve this problem a normal SPECT camera was utilized to acquire sequentially sampled dynamic studies from up to six different views. This was done by a periodically repeated sequence of acquisitions in different projections, which followed one another clockwise. This procedure overcomes the single-plane limitations of the usual IHA dynamic studies. It reveals regional myocardial patterns of tracer uptake and elimination not obtainable from any single viewing angle. In this way one methodological disadvantage relative to thallium perfusion studies is removed. Furthermore, the non-invasive diagnosis of cardiomyopathies, for which no other radioisotope procedure is appropriate, should be improved using this new method. PMID- 3490983 TI - A new thresholding method for volume determination by SPECT. AB - The quantification of organ volumes from SPECT images suffers from two major problems: image segmentation and imperfect system transfer function. Image segmentation defines the borders of an organ and allows volume measurements by counting the voxels inside this contour in all slices containing parts of this organ. A review of the literature, showed that several investigators use a fixed threshold (FT) to determine the organ pixels. It is our aim to demonstrate that the threshold has to be adapted to every single case because its value is dependent upon several factors, such as size and contrast. Therefore a threshold selection algorithm, based on the gray level histogram (GLH), is evaluated. It is nearly impossible to calculate and eliminate errors induced by the complex system response function. A correction method based on linear regression is proposed. By minimizing the relative error (sigma), a linear correlation (Y = AX + B) between the true volume (Y) and the measured volume (X) is established for three fixed thresholds (30%, 40%, 50%) and for the GLH method. The methods are evaluated on a series of nineteen phantoms with a volume range between 9.8 and 202.5 ml. The relative error is minimal for the GLH method. The whole procedure is semi automated and virtually operator independent. PMID- 3490984 TI - Better visualization of a lung tumour with 99mTc-DPD than with 99mTc glucoheptonate or 67Ga-citrate. AB - A case of a squamous cell lung carcinoma detected with 99mTc-DPD, 67Ga-citrate and 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) is reported. The highest uptake was seen with DPD and the lowest with 67Ga. Emission-computed tomography was very useful in DPD imaging but gave less new information in GH and 67Ga studies in comparison to traditional planar imaging. The patient had been given both irradiation and chemotherapy, which might be the cause of good accumulation of DPD and rather poor accumulation of GH and 67Ga. PMID- 3490985 TI - Cell surface and cell cycle analysis of metal-induced murine T cell proliferation. AB - The heavy metal cations Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ have previously been shown to induce T cell proliferation which required the presence of both T cells and Ia+ cells at the initiation of culture. This work has examined the ability of these metals to induce cell cycle entry as determined by acridine orange cell cycle analysis. Cell surface phenotype analysis, performed on splenocytes stimulated with optimum metal concentrations (100 microM), indicated that in vitro T cell recovery (growth and/or longevity) was enhanced by Pb2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. Furthermore, simultaneous examination of cell surface phenotype and cell cycle progression (propidium iodide) indicated that the predominant cell type proliferating in response to these metals was Thy-1.2+. The metals differentially induced L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells to enter the cell cycle. The ability of various monoclonal antibodies to modulate metal-induced proliferation was examined. Anti-L3T4a, anti I-A and anti-I-E blocked metal-induced proliferation. Anti-Lyt-2 only partially inhibited whereas anti-Lyt-1 was stimulatory. These results suggest that recognition of major histocompatibility complex-encoded class II molecules is required for the induction of proliferation by these metals (similar to the autologous mixed lymphocyte response). PMID- 3490986 TI - The molecular evolution of the immune response: idiotope-specific suppression indicates that B cells express germ-line-encoded V genes prior to antigenic stimulation. AB - Antibodies expressed by the immune B cell population are characterized by variable region amino acid substitutions resulting from somatic nucleotide replacement (somatic mutation). This is not true of antibodies expressed by the "naive" B cell population. It is at present unclear whether this discrepancy is due to the preferential clonal selection of a pre-existing subpopulation of naive B cells that express variable regions altered via nucleotide replacement, or whether the process of nucleotide replacement occurs only during the antigen dependent stages of B cell differentiation. To address this question we have used anti-idiotypic suppression to functionally delete B cells that express particular variable-region structures from the antigen-responsive repertoire. Suppression of the major cross-reactive idiotype (IdCR) expressed in strain A mice in response to p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) was induced using the monoclonal anti-IdCR antibody AD8. The idiotope recognized by AD8 is easily destroyed by alteration of IdCR variable-region structure via nucleotide replacement. The IdCR anti-Ars immune repertoire is characterized by antibodies that lack the AD8-cognate idiotope due to nucleotide replacement. However, complete suppression of the IdCR could reproducibly be achieved by administration of AD8 prior to Ars immunization. This result indicates that all IdCR-expressing B cells also express the AD8-cognate idiotope prior to immunization. Thus, somatic nucleotide replacement must occur exclusively during the antigen-dependent stages of B cell differentiation in this system. PMID- 3490987 TI - Interleukin 1 inhibitory activity secreted by a human myelomonocytic cell line (M20). AB - Culture supernatants from a myelomonocytic cell line (M20) were found to inhibit interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity in vitro. The factor, isolated from these supernatants, inhibited augmentation of phytohemagglutinin response of mouse thymus cells induced by IL 1 derived from several established cell lines. Various IL 1-dependent activities such as lymphocyte and fibroblast proliferation in vitro were also inhibited by the factor. The factor did not inhibit IL 2-induced or other proliferative responses not related to IL 1. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the factor indicated that the activity resides in a protein with a molecular mass of 52 kDa. PMID- 3490988 TI - The influence of dose and dosing interval on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. AB - The effects of different dosing paradigms for the administration of 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were investigated in C57-black and CF-W albino mice. Several groups of mice received a total dose of 80 mg/kg of MPTP administered at different doses per injection and/or at different time intervals. In C57-black mice, the effects of MPTP administration on the neostriatal content of dopamine ranged from a 91% depletion (4 injections of 20 mg/kg per injection at 1 h intervals) to a non-significant effect (4 injections of 10 mg/kg per injection at 2 h intervals on each of 2 successive days). There was also considerable influence of the MPTP dose per injection and the dosing interval in CF-W mice, although the extent of neostriatal dopamine depletion in CF-W mice was not as great as that observed in C57-black mice. In addition, MPTP produced variable effects on neostriatal dopamine levels in different strains of mice as well as in Swiss-Webster mice obtained from different sources. Some of the strains were affected to a great extent while others were only marginally affected. PMID- 3490989 TI - Cells of T-lymphocyte origin produce an erythropoietin-like growth factor. AB - Erythropoietin-like activity (EpLA) is one of several hematopoietic growth factors found in spleen cell-conditioned medium. Conditioned media obtained from both dissociated tissues and cloned cell lines were examined in order to define the cellular source of EpLA. The growth factor was only found in supernatants of tissues that contained T-lymphocytes. An examination of media conditioned by cloned cell lines representative of the major cell types in spleen (T- and B lymphocytes, macrophages) confirmed the association between T cells and EpLA production. Limiting dilution analyses established that normal T-lymphocyte clones produced EpLA, but this property was not correlated with a specific functional T-cell subset. On stimulation with PMA, the T-cell lymphoma cell line, EL-4, proved to be the most potent producer of EpLA found to date. PMID- 3490990 TI - Comparisons of 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and PHA as mitogens in the T-lymphocyte colony assay. AB - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has multiple effects on the capacity of human T-lymphocytes to form colonies in soft agar. This compound is directly mitogenic for T-lymphocytes; the optimal concentration (100 ng/ml) stimulates an average of 2862 +/- 583 colonies/7.5 X 10(5) cells plated. Furthermore, TPA can act synergistically with PHA to induce a greater number of colonies than can either mitogen alone. Sephadex G10 nonadherent (NA) cells can be directly stimulated by TPA; by contrast, these isolated T cells do not respond to PHA alone. These data indicate that the phorbol ester is able to provide an inductive signal for T cells, allowing them to respond to the plant lectin. Using T-cell subsets isolated by monoclonal antibodies and complement cytotoxicity, PHA is able to induce colony growth of T4 cells; T8 cells fail to respond unless cocultured with exogenous IL-2. TPA can directly stimulate colony formation by both subsets. In cultures stimulated with either TPA or PHA, approximately equal numbers of colonies are generated in the presence of IL-2, suggesting that T4 and T8 cells have similar proliferative capabilities. Phenotypic studies of cells contained in colonies showed differences between the two mitogens. With PHA, more than 98% are both T11 and T3 positive; by contrast, approximately one-third of the cells stimulated by TPA are T11 +, T3-. PMID- 3490991 TI - Monocyte-conditioned medium and interleukin 1 induce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in the adherent cell layer of murine bone marrow cultures. AB - We have studied how production of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can be induced in murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC). We found that the adherent cells, but not the nonadherent cells, of LTBMC synthesized and secreted large amounts of CSF upon stimulation with monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM) from the early phase of monocyte culturing. This CSF induced both granulocyte- and macrophage-containing colonies. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) also induced CSF production by the adherent cells, although not to the same extent as MCM. Medium conditioned by E-rosette-positive lymphocytes could not substitute for MCM. CSF production varied in long-term bone marrow cultures less than two weeks old, but thereafter the amount of CSF obtained was relatively independent of the age of the cultures (2-26 weeks). No correlation was found between the content of granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in the nonadherent cell fraction of LTBMC and the ability of the adherent cell layer to produce CSF. These results suggest a two-stage process for CSF synthesis. Monocytes produce a factor(s) that, in a second step, leads to bioassayable levels of CSF in the supernatant of adherent cells in LTBMC. PMID- 3490992 TI - Protective effect of partially purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor on granulocytopenia after antitumor chemotherapy. AB - We conducted a randomized crossover study comparing the hemopoietic effect of partially purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF-HU, an active drug) and human serum albumin (HSA, a control drug) in 24 patients with malignant lymphoma, solid tumors, or multiple myeloma who were receiving two consecutive courses of the same chemotherapeutic regimen. Patients received daily 2-4 X 10(6) units of CSF-HU or an equal amount of protein HSA for five days after the end of the courses of chemotherapy. Assignment to CSF-HU or HSA was determined by the envelope method. The average number of blood granulocytes of 24 cases on day 7 after chemotherapy was 2116 +/- 1649 in CSF-HU-infused courses, which was significantly higher than in HSA-infused courses (1520 +/- 1022) (p less than 0.05). The average time that patients had fewer than 2000 granulocytes/mm3 was 7.6 +/- 4.4 days in CSF-HU-infused courses and 10.3 +/- 5.0 days in HSA-infused courses (p less than 0.02). Fever greater than 38 degrees C was the most frequent side effect, occurring in 32% of the patients receiving CSF-HU infusions. A reduction in the neutropenic interval in CSF-HU-infused courses was observed in patients with fever, as well as in those without fever. Infusions of CSF-HU did not change the number of other hematological parameters, such as erythrocytes, platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes. These results suggest that CSF-HU infusions may partially protect the patients from granulocytopenia after anticancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3490993 TI - Hemopoietic responses in mice injected with purified recombinant murine GM-CSF. AB - Normal adult BALB/c, C57BL, and C3H/HeJ mice were injected intraperitoneally three times daily for six days with 6-200 ng purified, bacterially synthesized, murine recombinant GM-CSF. Mice injected with 200 ng rGM-CSF developed a twofold increase in blood neutrophils. In the peritoneal cavity, a dose-related rise was observed in macrophages (up to 15-fold), neutrophils (10- to 100-fold) and eosinophils (10- to 100-fold). Peritoneal macrophages exhibited 15-fold increased mitotic activity (to 7.6/10(3) cells) and increased phagocytic activity for antibody-coated erythrocytes. Increased numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes were observed in the liver and lung. Dose-related rises were observed in spleen weight (up to 50%) and the spleen content of monocytes (twofold) and nonerythroid progenitor cells (up to fourfold). A dose-related fall occurred in total marrow cellularity (40%) and total nonerythroid progenitor cells (37%-66%), but levels of neutrophils and monocytes remained constant. The data indicate that the injection of rGM-CSF to normal mice increases overall numbers of granulocytes and macrophages and the phagocytic activity of macrophages and provides direct evidence for the conclusion that GM-CSF is likely to function in vivo as a regulator of these cell populations. PMID- 3490994 TI - Quantitation of erythroid differentiation in vitro using a sensitive colorimetric assay for hemoglobin. AB - We have developed a new colorimetric method to detect early erythroid clonogenic progenitor cells by virtue of their hemoglobin-containing progeny in vitro. The method relies upon the specific oxidation of 2,7-diaminofluorene (DAF) by the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin (Hb). Generation of fluorene blue (FB), the chromophore generated upon oxidation of DAF, was a linear function of Hb and erythrocyte concentration. Measurement of FB absorbance at 610 nm was 80 times more sensitive than measurement of Hb absorbance at 530 nm. The limit of resolution was approximately 8 pmol of Hb corresponding to the Hb content of approximately 5000 murine peripheral blood erythrocytes. FB concentration closely paralleled eight-day BFU-E colony formation as a function of erythropoietin dose. However, the method was unable to detect a response for CFU-E to erythropoietin because of persistently high background levels of Hb in two-day cultures. Generation of FB by cells likely to contain myeloperoxidase was negligible, and FB production was not correlated with the number of CFU-GM colonies. DAF oxidation by hemoglobin showed a higher hydrogen peroxide optimum than oxidation by microperoxidase, so that, under the conditions used, FB generation by peroxidase was not favored. As a further confirmation of specificity, peritoneal exudate cells failed to show significant generation of FB. The DAF reagent was also used to stain both CFU-E and BFU-E colonies in situ, and was more sensitive than benzidine dihydrochloride in the histochemical detection of Hb. DAF can replace hazardous benzidine-related compounds for the staining erythroid colonies in culture dishes, and the method offers a new quantitative approach to the study of erythropoietin responsiveness in vitro. PMID- 3490995 TI - Recurrent haemoptysis and pulmonary haemosiderosis associated with granulomatous lung disease and von Willebrand's coagulopathy. PMID- 3490997 TI - Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor phenotypes in Portuguese population. PMID- 3490998 TI - The role of monoclonal antibodies in the study of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases induced by dust inhalation. PMID- 3490999 TI - Chronic bronchitis in northern Sweden; a seven year follow-up. AB - In 1974 a prevalence survey of chronic bronchitis was performed in the Hornefors community on individuals in the age group 20-65 years. Chronic bronchitis was diagnosed in 44 individuals giving a prevalence of 2.2% (3.4% in men and 0.9% in women). Of the individuals with chronic bronchitis 79% were men, 85% above 40 years of age, 80% smokers or ex-smokers and 75% were or had been employed at a nearby sulphite pulp factory. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency phenotypes (MZ, MS, MF) were present in 11 (25% of the individuals). Spirometric obstruction was found in 12 (27%) of the individuals with chronic bronchitis. At a seven-year follow-up four of the 12 individuals with obstructive chronic bronchitis had died from chronic respiratory insufficiency, the remaining individuals still having obstructive chronic bronchitis (no information present in one individual). In individuals with simple chronic bronchitis two had developed obstruction and 12 (38%) had improved now having no respiratory symptoms. The improvement in most of them was due to termination of smoking or change of work. PMID- 3490996 TI - Effects of cigarette smoke on antiproteases at the human lung surface. PMID- 3491000 TI - Evidence that central nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors are involved in the modulation of basal and stress-induced adrenocortical responses. AB - We investigated the involvement of central nervous system nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors in the secretory activity of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis. Antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies derived from rabbits immunized with purified Torpedo-acetylcholine receptor or from myasthenia gravis patients were injected intracerebroventricularly into adult male rats for 5 consecutive days. Treatment with both preparations caused increased basal corticosterone concentrations, inhibition of the corticosterone response to ether stress, and neurological signs and motor dysfunctions. The adrenocortical response in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis Lewis rats with high circulating antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies was also tested. These rats exhibited a marked increase in basal corticosterone concentrations and a normal response to ether stress. The results showed that antinicotinic-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, either circulating or intraventricularly administered, can modulate both basal and stress-induced adrenocortical secretion. PMID- 3491001 TI - Sensitivity and response kinetics alter during suppression-recovery in cone photoreceptors. AB - Threshold and response amplitude of cone photoreceptors were measured during progression from flicker-induced suppression to recovery. Increases in sensitivity closely paralleled increases in amplitude. Recovered responses exhibited faster kinetics than suppressed responses. The idea that recovery from suppression is a manifestation of the shift in the stimulus-response relationship which occurs with light adaptation is supported. PMID- 3491002 TI - Ratio between large and small carboxy-terminal molecular forms of cholecystokinin in brains of different species. AB - The ratio between large and small carboxy-terminal forms of cholecystokinin in brain extracts from man, pig, dog, rat, chicken, frog and trout was determined by two sequence-specific radioimmunoassays. It was found that the relative amounts of large forms of cholecystokinin; are higher in mammalian brain than in brains of lower species. PMID- 3491003 TI - Response patterns of frog taste nerve with change in stimulus quality. PMID- 3491004 TI - Synthesis and properties of some derivatives of 2H-4,6-dimethylpyrido[3,2 d]isothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide. AB - The synthesis of 2H-4,6-dimethylpyrido[3,2-d]isothiazolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide and its 2-N-substituted derivatives are described. Structures of the obtained compounds were determined on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data I.R., N.M.R., MS. Preliminary information on the pharmacological properties of the obtained compounds also given. PMID- 3491005 TI - Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) for monitoring regeneration of the human liver after partial hepatectomy for secondary tumours. AB - In 18 patients, the liver volume during regeneration after partial hepatectomy for secondary tumours was estimated by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Hepatic weight index (HWI) was subsequently calculated to follow evolution of the regeneration as a function of postoperative complications over a 30-day period. In patients with postoperative complications the HWI curves initially rose progressively and either reached a plateau or declined thereafter. The same pattern of HWI evolution was observed in patients with tumour recurrence, which was diagnosed later. On the other hand, in patients without postoperative complications the HWI curves rose continuously. These findings showed that a regenerative response was not the same in patients with or without postoperative complications; whereas in patients with tumour recurrence it could additionally provide prognostic information. PMID- 3491006 TI - The medical treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate and citrovorum rescue: preliminary experience. AB - Seven women with unruptured tubal pregnancies diagnosed on laparoscopy were treated with methotrexate and citrovorum rescue. Criteria for inclusion in the study were that the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) be plateaued or rising, that the ectopic pregnancy not exceed 3 X 3 cm, that the tubal serosa be intact, and that there be no active bleeding. The women were followed with serial measurements of hCG, complete blood counts, and liver function tests. All women responded to a single course of therapy. The median time to resolution (from the first day of treatment to when the hCG was undetectable) was 31 days (range, 5 to 50 days). Follow-up hysterosalpingograms were available for five women. Four women demonstrated tubal patency, and one showed a unilateral occlusion on the side of the ectopic. One woman was found to have an intrauterine pregnancy prior to the scheduled time of hysterosalpingogram. PMID- 3491007 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: long-term results following vaginal reconstruction. AB - Forty-two women with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia who had attempted coitus were studied retrospectively a mean of 23.6 years after vaginal repair. Satisfactory intercourse, as defined by the patient, was observed in 62% of the subjects. The functional success rate was higher if repeat operations were performed after the age of 16 years (61% versus 12%, P less than 0.05) or if the patient suffered from the non-salt-losing variety of the disorder (87% versus 46%, P less than 0.05). The outcome of the initial attempt to exteriorize the vagina did not differ significantly by age at surgery. In cases of moderate virilization, vaginal repair may be delayed until the patient's menarche, maturity, and desires for sexual activity are well established. Clitoroplasty should be performed as soon as possible. PMID- 3491008 TI - Cyclosporin antisperm antibodies. PMID- 3491009 TI - [A case of 21-hydroxylase deficiency and Bartter's syndrome associated with a balanced 6-9 translocation]. AB - A 17-year-old female weighing 37 kg and 140 cm in height was referred to our hospital for evaluation of dwarfism and primary amenorrhea. She was delivered with 3350 g in weight and 50 cm in height after a ten month pregnancy without complications. No abnormal findings were revealed in physical appearance except critomegaly. Episodes of nausea, vomiting and dehydration were rare throughout her childhood, but she had a tendency to salt craving. At the age of 14, her height was 140 cm. On admission, her physical development was markedly retarded for her age, except external genitalia. Diffuse pigmentations on the trunk and extremities were observed. Her blood pressure was normal (112/62 mm Hg). Serum potassium concentration was 2.9 mEq/L. Arterial-blood gas analysis revealed metabolic alkalosis. Both of renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) in plasma at rest were markedly elevated to 15.5 ng/ml/h and 107.1 ng/dl, respectively. The plasma concentrations of pregnenolone (1449 ng/dl), progesterone (178 ng/dl), 17-OH-pregnenolone (1613 ng/dl), 17-OH-progesterone (180 ng/dl), dehydroepiandrosterone (3706 ng/dl), androstendione (824.6 ng/dl) and testosterone (900 ng/dl) were high, whereas deoxycorticosterone (15.7 ng/dl), corticosterone (0.65 microgram/dl) and cortisol (6.8 micrograms/dl) were within normal limits. Urinary 17-KS excretion showed high levels between 65.7 and 109.4 mg/day, while urinary 17-OHCS excretion was normal (5.7-7.0 mg/day). Vascular response to angiotensin II (A-II) was attenuated. Distal fractional chloride reabsorption was decreased (CH2O/CH2O+CCl = 0.62, normal: 0.92 +/- 0.04). Moderate hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells was demonstrated in biopsy specimen of the kidney. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX chromosome constitution with translocation of the long arm of chromosome 6 to the short arm of chromosome 9. Her mother as well as younger brother and sister, whose electrolytes and arterial-blood gas analysis showed normal values, had chromosomes with the same translocation. Treatment with dexamethasone (2 mg/day) reduced every adrenal steroids to normal range, but PRA and PAC remained high levels. Furthermore, neither hypokalemic alkalosis nor vasoreactivity to exogenous A-II was improved. Indomethacin (75 mg/day) decreased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 from a high level of 738.4 ng/day to 433.4 ng/day and normalized metabolic alkalosis. Vascular response to A-II was moderately improved. However, serum potassium remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3491011 TI - Immunotoxicity testing: an economical multiple-assay approach. AB - A model for assessing immunotoxicologic effects of chemicals and drugs was developed in the Sprague-Dawley rat whereby multiple concomitant immunoassays were performed in a single animal. The multiple parameters of immunity assessed in each rat included T cell-dependent IgG antibody production, delayed hypersensitivity, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and production of three potent immune regulating immunocytokines: macrophage-derived interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2, and lymphocyte-derived interleukin 2. Splenocyte and resident peritoneal macrophage numbers were also quantitated and spleen and thymus weights recorded. The sensitivity of this animal model was tested by treating rats with the immune-potentiating drugs, NPT 15392 (erythro-9-[2-hydroxy,3 nonyl]hypoxanthine) and avridine (N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'-bis-[2 hydroxyethyl]propanediamine, or the immune-suppressive drugs, cyclophosphamide (N,N-bis[2-chloroethyl]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine -2-oxide) and dexamethasone. Rats treated with NPT 15392 or avridine generally had enhanced immune responses, while those treated with cyclophosphamide or dexamethasone had decreased immune responses. Differential responsiveness of various immunocyte populations within individual rats to different drugs, or to doses of the same drug, indicates the efficacy of measuring multiple responses within the same animal. The multiassay-single animal approach represents an economical, versatile, sensitive, and relatively comprehensive paradigm for assessing immunotoxicologic/pharmacologic properties of chemicals and drugs. The approach is extremely economical since multiple immune responses are evaluated in each animal. The approach is versatile because it is amenable to incorporation of a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays and could be applied to almost any species. The model is relatively comprehensive because major types of immune responses/immunocyte populations and immunoregulatory pathways are tested. Finally, the model is sensitive for detecting immunosuppression as well as immunoenhancement, as validated by the use of known immune response modifiers in this study. PMID- 3491010 TI - Neuraminidase and hematopoietic factors from human urine. AB - Human urinary neuraminidase, an enzyme that releases sialic acid from hematopoietic factors found in urinary preparations, was partially characterized, and a method was developed to derive these hematopoietic factors free of enzyme activity. Neuraminidase in urinary preparations from healthy humans and aplastic anemic (AA) patients had optimal activity at pH 5.3 and hydrolyzed both alpha 2-- -3 and alpha 2----6 type ketosidic linkages of N-acetyl-neuramin lactose and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. When subjected to Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, urinary neuraminidase showed a single peak of activity with an apparent molecular weight of 380,000 daltons, even under denaturing conditions (6 M guanidine hydrochloride). Furthermore, among a variety of compounds tested, no potent inhibitor of the enzyme was found. Heat treatment of AA urinary preparations eliminated about 80% of neuraminidase activity, while successive two-step ethanol precipitation eliminated residual enzyme. Erythropoietin, megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage phage CSF activities were retained after these treatments. PMID- 3491013 TI - [Esophageal varices and their rupture]. PMID- 3491012 TI - [Myocardial infarction and rectocolonic polyps]. AB - The prevalence of polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon was estimated in 103 patients with recent myocardial infarction and 200 controls. All patients were asymptomatic and older than 35 years. A flexible proctosigmoidoscopy was performed. One or more adenomatous polyps were found in 19.6 p. 100 of patients with myocardial infarction and in 16.2 p. 100 of controls (difference not statistically significant). In males, the odds ratio for adenomatous polyps was 0.92 (confidence limits, 0.43-1.93). Acceptability of the flexible rectosigmoidoscopy was excellent in controls and poor in patients with myocardial infarction (1.0 p. 100 and 26.4 p. 100 of patients respectively refused this procedure). Tolerance, bowel preparation and the length of the explored rectosigmoid were not different. There was no statistically significant difference in the site, number or size of polyps. This study shows a high prevalence of polyps in patients with myocardial infarction and control groups although not statistically different. Consequently, a screening procedure for polyps is not indicated in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 3491015 TI - [Outcome of patients after obliteration of esophageal varices by endoscopic sclerosis. Results of a prospective study]. AB - The purpose of this prospective was study to investigate the course of patients after obliteration of bleeding esophageal varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy and to outline prognostic factors. Sixty-seven patients (45 men, 22 women, mean age: 53.3 +/- 14 years) were followed for a mean of 14 +/- 8 months median = 15 months range: 1-33 months) from the time of obliteration. Etiology of portal hypertension was portal vein thrombosis in 3 patients and cirrhosis in 64, 44 of whom (65 p. 100) were due to alcoholism (Child-Pugh's class: A: 8 p. 100, B: 42 p. 100, C: 50 p. 100). Recurrence of varices was observed in 23 patients within 1.4 to 25 months (median: 6.6 months). The recurrence rate increased in a linear fashion with time. Reobliteration was achieved in one to three sessions of sclerotherapy. More than one bleeding episodes was observed more often, before sclerotherapy (p less than 0.05) and esophageal stenosis was seen less often during treatment (p less than 0.05) than in patients without recurrence. Variceal bleeding occurred in 14 patients (21 p. 100) within 0.1 to 23 months (median = 5.6), 6 of whom (43 p. 100) died. In the subgroup of alcoholic cirrhosis, absence of withdrawal was associated with a higher risk of rebleeding (p = 0.04). Fifteen patients (22 p. 100) died within 1 to 26 months (median = 12.3). They had a higher mean age (p less than 0.01) and a lower blood fibrinogen (p less than 0.05) than survivors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491014 TI - [Endoscopic obturation of esophagogastric varices with bucrylate. I. Clinical study of 49 patients]. AB - The authors report the results of endoscopic obliteration of recently bleeding esophagogastric varices with Bucrylate (isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate) in 49 patients. Forty-five patients had cirrhosis; in all patients, propranolol was contraindicated or had failed, hepatocellular function was poor, or early rebleeding had occurred. In 15 cases, injections were made during active bleeding of esophageal or gastric varices; in 14 cases, the hemorrhage stopped immediately. The cumulative percentages of patients free of variceal rebleeding 1.6 and 12 months after inclusion were 88.63 and 58 p. 100 respectively. The cumulative percentages of patients surviving 1, 12 and 18 months after inclusion were 70, 53 and 46 p. 100 respectively. The cumulative percentages of survival at 6 months after inclusion were 100.63 and 13 p. 100 in grade A, B and C patients respectively. The major causes of death were liver failure and sepsis; autopsy revealed mediastinitis in 3 patients. Long-lasting esophageal strictures developed in two patients. This procedure differs from endoscopic sclerotherapy in that gastric varices can be adequately obliterated and the risk of early rebleeding seems to be decreased. PMID- 3491016 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhaging esophageal varices using a clip: remote results in 250 cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 3491018 TI - Changes in plasma thyroxine levels during and after spontaneous metamorphosis in a natural population of the green frog, Rana clamitans. AB - Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in a spontaneously metamorphosing population of green frog, Rana clamitans, tadpoles. In accordance with species previously studied, a sharp rise in plasma T4 was seen at metamorphic climax, followed by a decline at final transformation. Unlike other species studied thus far, T4 levels were also moderately high in growing tadpoles (stages X-XIII). These early elevated levels may be due to daily rhythmicity in thyroid secretion coupled with the restricted hours of blood collection used in this study. PMID- 3491017 TI - Effect of different treatments of the endotoxin-induced modifications in serum iron levels. AB - The effects of hyperthermia, injection of endotoxin and different antipyretics on serum iron levels in rabbits have been determined. Three antipyretics, Ketoprofen (K), Indomethacin (I), and Polymyxin B (P) induced a rise in serum iron concentration. The rise in serum levels induced by Ketoprofen seems to be related to the half life of the compound. Pretreatment with these antipyretics inhibits the rise in body temperature and the fall in serum concentration observed after the administration of bacterial endotoxin. The hyperthermia failed to modify serum iron levels. PMID- 3491019 TI - Synthesis and storage of prolactin in the pituitary gland of bullfrog tadpoles during metamorphosis. AB - Changes in prolactin (PRL) levels and PRL-producing activities in the pituitary gland of tadpoles during metamorphosis were studied. PRL concentration in the pituitary gland as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay was relatively low during pre- and prometamorphosis and early climax (2.5-3.5 micrograms/100 micrograms protein). PRL levels increased thereafter and reached maximum (7.3 micrograms/100 micrograms protein) at late climax (stage 24). It was also demonstrated that the pituitary cells which immunologically reacted with the antiserum to bullfrog PRL increased in number as metamorphosis proceeded. Measurement of incorporation of [3H]leucine into pituitary PRL in vitro revealed that elevation of PRL synthesis took place in the tadpoles which had reached climax. Radioimmunoassay and bioassay of PRL in the pituitary glands of adult frogs and tadpoles indicated that there was no difference in immunological and biological properties between adults and larvae. PMID- 3491021 TI - Cimetidine and gastrointestinal haemorrhage in critically ill patients. PMID- 3491020 TI - [Incidence and causes of hemodynamic complications of the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3491022 TI - [Electrical muscle stimulation for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 3491023 TI - The in vitro effects of trichothecenes on the immune system. AB - Since Fusarium-derived trichothecenes have shown immunosuppressive properties in laboratory animals, the possibility that deoxynivalenol (DON) and acetyldeoxynivalenol (AcDON) might affect the in vitro production of interleukins by macrophages or lymphocytes was studied. When the effects of low and high concentrations of DON on lymphocyte proliferation were compared, phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferation was enhanced at concentrations between 0.005 and 0.5 ng DON/ml whereas 50 or 100 ng/ml caused a decrease in proliferation. In experiments in which lymphocytes were exposed briefly to 90 ng DON/ml, the level of thymidine incorporation was increased to 130% of control levels. Both DON and AcDON were shown to induce interleukin 1 (IL-1) release in peritoneal macrophages by a mode of action similar to that of cycloheximide. In the presence of DON, cellular IL-1 did not decay, and this resulted in a marked release of IL-1 from the cell during the period of exposure to the inhibitor. This suggests that in vivo effects of trichothecenes on the immune system may vary according to the level of exposure. PMID- 3491025 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia. Pain control by transcutaneous nerve block]. PMID- 3491024 TI - Comparison of the effects of various flavonoids on ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity of rat intestinal and hepatic microsomes. AB - Fifteen flavonoids were examined for their effects on the activity of 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase in rat hepatic and intestinal microsomes. The effect depended on both the chemical structure of the flavonoid and the origin of the microsomes. Polyhydroxylated flavonoids with a C2-C3 double bond (flavones and flavonols) were more effective inhibitors of the enzyme in both hepatic and intestinal microsomes than were the reduced homologues (flavanonols, flavanones and flavan-3-ols). In contrast, flavones lacking hydroxyl substituents (e.g. 5,6 benzoflavone, 7,8-benzoflavone and flavone) increased ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity in liver microsomes although they had an inhibitory effect in intestinal microsomes. PMID- 3491026 TI - [With light and heat. The laser in gastroenterology]. PMID- 3491027 TI - [Direct current treatment in general practice]. PMID- 3491028 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of X-chromosome replication patterns in cell hybrids between murine embryonal carcinoma cells and female rat thymocytes]. AB - By means of a 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and acridine orange fluorescence staining method together with 3H-thymidine autoradiography, I studied the chronology of X chromosome replication in newly formed cell hybrids between the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient OTF9-63 murine embryonal carcinoma cell and the female rat thymocyte. Most near-tetraploid hybrid cells retained all chromosomes from both parents including one mouse X and two rat X chromosomes throughout the period of this study. Data showing changes in the chronology of X chromosome replication obtained here were indicative of reactivation of the inactive X chromosome from the rat thymocyte, and de novo X inactivation of one or two X chromosomes. The extinction of lymphocyte phenotypes from the hybrids and their subsequent differentiation to the cell type resembling endoderm found in the peri-implantation mouse embryo were apparently in parallel with the above changes. These data thus demonstrated that there is a close causal correlation between the X-inactivation process and the cell differentiation. PMID- 3491029 TI - A sensitive routine assay for urinary albumin based on the competitive binding to anti-albumin antibodies in solid phase. AB - The detection of microalbuminuria has a high prognostic value in diabetic patients with no symptoms of clinical nephropathy. Attention has been focused on the development of a simple, reproducible, specific, and, above all, sensitive method to detect albuminuria in the urine. The method is based on the competitive binding between albumin in the urine to be tested and a fixed amount of radiolabelled albumin to anti-albumin immunoglobulins in solid phase. The immunoglobulin C fraction of a rabbit anti-human albumin antiserum was left to coat highly adsorbent polystyrene microtitre tubes. While the aspecific tube binding was overcome by saturation with a solution of gelatine, increasing dilutions of standard albumin or the diluted urine samples to be tested were left to incubate with an equal volume of radiolabelled albumin at room temperature for 1 hour. The cold/hot albumin mixture was added to anti-albumin immunoglobulin coated tubes, which had been repeatedly washed, and left to incubate. After washing, radioactivity was assessed. This assay has proved to be fast, simple and highly sensitive since it detects up to 25 ng of albumin per ml and is of value in large-scale screening for microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. PMID- 3491030 TI - Menstrual irregularities in adolescents: hormonal pattern and ovarian morphology. AB - The endocrine pattern and ovarian characteristics of 110 healthy adolescents with menstrual irregularities were investigated during the early follicular and premenstrual phases and were compared to those of 14 adolescents with regular menstrual cycles and 20 adults. Over a period of six gynecological years a low ovulation rate (49%) was found in the group of subjects with irregular cycles and regular ovulation was noted in only a few subjects. Slight differences in endocrine pattern and ovarian morphology were observed between the group of adolescents with regular cycles and the group of adults. In contrast, adolescents with irregular menses had higher mean values of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and androstenedione (A) in comparison with the other two groups both in follicular and premenstrual phases. Nearly 35% of the subjects with irregular cycles had levels of T, A and LH which were higher than the upper limit of the adult normal range. Lower progesterone (P), 17P and oestradiol values were observed in the premenstrual phase. Within the group of subjects with irregular menses, LH levels were higher in anovulatory than in ovulatory cycles, in both phases of the cycle, while T and A levels were higher and prolactin levels were lower in the premenstrual phase of anovulatory cycles. Unlike irregular anovulatory cycles, irregular ovulatory cycles showed a hormonal pattern similar to that found in the adult group. By ultrasound evaluation, a high percentage of subjects with irregular menses had multicystic ovaries (57.9%) and the mean (+/- SEM) ovarian volume was higher (10.6 +/- 0.5 cm3) than that found in adolescents with regular menses (6.7 +/- 0.8 cm3) and in the adult group (7.7 +/- 0.3 cm3). With the increase in frequency and continuity of ovulation an improvement in the direction of adult volume and ovarian structure was observed. Besides the endocrine similarity the data emphasize the striking similarity, already documented by histological studies, between pubertal ovaries and those seen in micropolycystic ovary syndrome. These endocrine and ovarian characteristics are typical of a large number of adolescents with irregular menstrual cycles: these features may be representative of a developmental step toward adult normality, although the possibility of a pathological evolution for some subjects cannot be excluded. PMID- 3491031 TI - T-cell lymphoma: a morphological, histochemical and immunological study of nine Chinese cases. AB - Nine cases of T-cell lymphoma presenting in the Guizhou province of China between 1982 and 1984 are reviewed. Seven of the patients were male; seven patients have died, the mean survival period being 22 months. The clinical features resembled those reported in Japanese cases, but skin lesions were absent. Histologically three cases were classified as of lymphoblastic type, three as pleomorphic cell type, two as clear cell type and one as immunoblastic-lymphadenopathy-like T-cell type. PMID- 3491033 TI - B cell lineages. PMID- 3491032 TI - Neurology scanner sales zoom 1,300%. PMID- 3491034 TI - Population dynamics of bone marrow B lymphocytes. AB - The dynamic concepts of lymphocyte populations which heralded the era of modern cellular immunobiology have been generally substantiated by recent studies and are still being correlated with functional properties. B lineage cells in the bone marrow are dynamically heterogeneous: A large majority are newly-formed, rapidly renewed cells, continuously produced from precursor cells within the bone marrow and disseminated during a terminal maturation phase via the blood stream. These cells develop low densities of sIgM in the extravascular bone marrow parenchyma and may undergo some further maturation within bone marrow sinusoids. The rate of production of bone marrow B cells appears to depend partly on the total load of exogenous agents to which the individual is exposed. Bone marrow lymphocyte production maintains a population of rapidly renewed virgin B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. A small proportion of these cells apparently may be selected to enter a long-lived pool of B cells if suitably activated. By continuously creating novel clonotypes this process potentially can anticipate new antigen challenges and allow the immune system to build up a repertoire of antigen specificities most appropriate to the individual's changing environment throughout life. A minority of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow comprises slowly renewed, long-lived cells which enter and leave the bone marrow parenchyma as a selective part of the recirculating lymphocyte pool in the blood stream. Their role in the bone marrow is unknown. They include antigen-specific B memory cells, yet these are not activated within the bone marrow itself. No regulatory role has yet been directly demonstrated. Recently activated B cells enter from the spleen after secondary antigenic stimulation to develop into antibody-producing cells within the bone marrow. In assessing the significance of any phenotypically or functionally distinct B cell subset in the bone marrow, a basic consideration is to assign the subset to one of the foregoing dynamic categories. Within a given category cells may represent one stage in a time sequence of development. The bone marrow also produces lymphocytes of as yet uncertain lineage and contains selected subsets of T cells. The roles of these cells in cytotoxic, regulatory, or other events remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3491035 TI - CC11: a monoclonal antibody specific for interleukin 3-sensitive mouse cells defines two major populations of B cell precursors in the bone marrow. PMID- 3491036 TI - Antibody repertoires of normal BALB/c mice: B lymphocyte populations defined by state of activation. PMID- 3491037 TI - The CH series of murine B cell lymphomas: neoplastic analogues of Ly-1+ normal B cells. PMID- 3491038 TI - B-Ly1 cells: immortal Ly-1+ B lymphocyte cell lines spontaneously arising in murine splenic cultures. AB - We have surveyed the molecular and functional properties of B-Ly1 cells, spontaneously occurring Ly-1+ cell tissue cultures lines established from murine spleen. Several features are surprising when compared to the conventional understanding of B cell physiology: In contrast to the major B cell subpopulation, these cells establish stable in vitro lines in the absence of nominal growth factors. This outgrowth is consistently accompanied by c-myc amplification and deregulation, and resistance to the effects of an autoregulatory IgM species which normally curtails the growth of B cells. These properties may be relevant to the disproportionate occurrence of Ly-1+ B cell malignancies in vivo. B-Ly1 cell lines consistently delete immunoglobulin constant region genes, and uniformly express lambda light chains, a rare murine isotype. These features may be causally related, and may reflect a novel recombinational activity (see this volume). Immunoglobulin expression can be modulated by conventional stimuli. However, the response is transient, and includes production of mature heavy chain isotypes ("class switching") without apparent switch deletion. Moreover, unstimulated B-Ly1 cells show transcriptional activity throughout the heavy chain locus, and a novel hypermutation activity affecting the immunoglobulin variable region. The mechanisms underlying this surprising pattern of immunoglobulin expression are unknown. However, one wonders whether this expression pattern, if common to Ly-1+ B cell in vivo, might provide modes to escape idiotypic or isotypic immunoregulation. If so, this may be relevant to the prevalence of autoantibody production by this subpopulation. Thus, we are hopeful that some of these unique properties, if confirmed in the Ly 1+ B cells in vivo, will provide more definitive markers for this subpopulation, and disclose mechanisms accounting for their distinctive physiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 3491039 TI - Effect of lymphokines on natural killer cytotoxicity in patients with high risk of developing the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Regulation of natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and from individuals at high risk of developing AIDS (R-AIDS) was studied. The response of untreated PBMC to the interferon inducer polyinosinic polycytidilic acid (Poly I:C) was lower in AIDS and R-AIDS than in normal controls and PBMC from R-AIDS were more susceptible to stimulation with lymphokine rich supernatants (Con A-SN, PHA-SN, lectin free IL-2) than AIDS and normal controls. To determine the role of the different T lymphocyte subsets in the regulation of NK activity, PBMC were selectively treated with monoclonal non-cytotoxic anti-Leu 2a and anti-Leu 3a antibodies and then stimulated with lymphokine rich supernatants. These results indicate that the effect of crude supernatants was the combination of opposite effects. Leu 2a-blocked R-AIDS-PBMC enhanced NK cytotoxicity when exposed to IL-2 rich supernatants whereas Leu 3a-blocked R-AIDS-PBMC suppressed the cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 3491040 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of tassel-eared squirrels. I. Genetic diversity associated with Kaibab squirrels. AB - The complexity and polymorphism of sequences related to the class I and class II genes of mammalian major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) were investigated in the tassel-eared squirrel subspecies Sciurus aberti kaibabensis or Kaibab squirrel. Kaibab squirrels are geographically isolated on the Kaibab plateau north of the Grand Canyon in Arizona. Genomic DNA from 22 individuals was digested with Eco RI and Bam HI, electrophoresed, blotted, and hybridized with a panel of human class I and class II probes. Sequences homologous to DR alpha, DR beta, DQ beta probes were observed. A single, nonpolymorphic DR alpha-related sequence and multiple, polymorphic DQ alpha-related sequences were observed. Hybridization with DR beta and DQ beta probes revealed multiple, polymorphic sequences with such specificity that no bands were observed to hybridize with both probes. The level of polymorphism of beta sequences exceeded that observed with alpha sequences. Further, three Eco RI bands apparently included at least parts of both alpha and beta sequences. Hybridization of genomic blots with the HLA-B7 class I probe revealed a number of bands comparable in size range and number to other mammalian species. However, only a minor percentage of bands were observed to segregate. The inheritance of these five families of sequences appeared to be neither concordant nor random in the sample population. Based on prior conclusions in other species, these class I and class II sequences are presumed to map to the Kabib MHC, TLSA. Although DQ alpha- and DQ beta-related sequences were concordantly inherited, segregating sequences in the other families could not be assigned to identifiable, segregating haplotypes. These observations suggest that the present-day TSLA haplotypes have been derived from a limited number of progenitor haplotypes through repeated, intra-TSLA recombination. PMID- 3491041 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of tassel-eared squirrels. II. Genetic diversity associated with Abert squirrels. AB - The extent of polymorphism and the rate of divergence of class I and class II sequences mapping to the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been the subject of experimentation and speculation. To provide further insight into the evolution of the MHC we have initiated the analysis of two geographically isolated subspecies of tassel-eared squirrels. In the preceding communication we described the number and polymorphism of TSLA class I and class II sequences in Kaibab squirrels (S. aberti kaibabensis), which live north of the Grand Canyon. In this report we present a parallel analysis of Abert squirrels (S. aberti aberti), which live south of the Grand Canyon in northern Arizona. Genomic DNA from 12 Abert squirrels was digested with restriction enzymes, electrophoresed, blotted, and hybridized with DR alpha, DR beta, DQ alpha, DQ beta, and HLA-B7 probes. The results of these hybridizations were remarkably similar to those obtained in Kaibab squirrels. The majority of class I and class II bands were identical in size and number, suggesting that Abert and Kaibab squirrels have not significantly diverged in the TSLA complex despite their geographical separation. Relative polymorphism of class II sequences was similar to that observed with Kaibab squirrels: beta sequences exhibited higher polymorphism than alpha sequences. As in Kaibab squirrels, a number of alpha and beta sequences were apparently carried on the same fragments. In comparison to class II beta sequences, there was limited polymorphism in class I sequences, although a diverse number of class I genotypes were observed. Attempts to identify segregating TSLA haplotypes were futile in that the only families of sequences with concordant distributions were DQ alpha and DQ beta. These observations and those obtained with Kaibab squirrels suggest that the present day TSLA haplotypes of both subspecies are derived from a limited number of common, progenitor haplotypes through repeated intra-TSLA recombination. PMID- 3491042 TI - Alternative splicing in the mouse H-2Kd gene is not necessary for the classical Kd antigen function. AB - The mouse H-2Kd gene gives rise to several transcripts by alternative splicing. In addition to encoding the known Kd antigen, it could thus encode at least one minor hypothetical Kd-like molecule, with a distinct NH2 terminus. The existence of this "24" product can be inferred from a cDNA clone which was previously isolated. We have engineered both this cDNA and its canonical counterpart into a eukaryotic expression vector. After transfer of these constructs into mouse fibroblasts, we obtained cells expressing either one of the transcripts, but not both. In cytotoxicity tests, we found no expression of the "24" product on the cell surface, nor did we obtain any clue concerning its function. In contrast, cells which express Kd antigen, but none of the possible Kd-like molecules produced by alternative splicing, were functional in all aspects examined. We conclude that alternative splicing does not contribute to the known function of the Kd antigen. PMID- 3491044 TI - Adoptive transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis by inoculation of cells into lymph nodes. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis can be transferred passively by lymph node cells from actively immunized donor rats to immunologically naive syngeneic recipients. In the present work, passive transfer was accomplished by direct inoculation of donor cells into the recipient's lymph node, and this route was more effective than the conventional intravenous or intraperitoneal routes. PMID- 3491043 TI - Human allospecific TLCs generated against HLA antigens associated with DR1 through DRw8. II. Population analyses and blocking studies with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Serologic, cellular, and molecular evidence supports the concept of extreme complexity within the HLA-D region. To study the complexity and fine specificity of the HLA-D region at the level of T-cell recognition, a panel of T-cell clones was generated against alloantigens associated with HLA-DR1 through -DRw8. After initial screening of more than 800 clones, 89 representative lines were selected for extensive testing against 204 unrelated stimulator cells. Clone-by-clone correlation analyses were performed to test whether any clones recognized similar or identical epitopes. In addition, clonal reactivity patterns were correlated with known HLA specificities. Twelve clusters of clones were identified with similar reactivity patterns using clone-by-clone correlation analysis. Some groups were significantly correlated with specificities associated with various D region haplotypes; others had no significant correlation with any defined D region specificity. Five general types of clones obtained in our study can be categorized as follows: Those recognizing epitopes clearly demonstrating a primary association with the classically defined D-region molecules against which the clones were primed. Clones recognizing epitopes associated with one of the priming antigens and also with another unrelated D-region specificity. Clones detecting epitopes which showed significant correlation with D-region molecules totally different from those against which they were originally primed. Clones with limited reactivity in population studies and no correlation with defined D region molecules. Clones recognizing class I-associated epitopes. PMID- 3491046 TI - Effect of dengue virus-induced cytotoxic factor on blood leucocytes of monkeys. PMID- 3491045 TI - C1q content of serum and lung lavage fluid of rats exposed to toxic levels of oxygen. AB - We used a sensitive hemolytic assay to measure the level of C1q, a subcomponent of the first complement protein in the classic pathway, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of rats exposed to air and hyperoxia. The serum level was 125 +/- 5 micrograms/ml and the lavage level was 41 +/- 17 ng/ml in rats breathing air. In rats exposed to acute oxygen toxicity (95% O2 for 66 hr), the serum level was at 107 +/- 10 micrograms/ml, but the level in lavage fluid increased to 2457 +/- 400 ng/ml (p less than 0.05 compared to air). Administration of the proline analogue cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline to air- and O2-exposed rats reduced the serum C1q level by 28% and 34%, respectively (both p less than 0.05), presumably by interfering with metabolism of the collagen-like sequence of C1q. The level of C1q in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is a sensitive marker of acute lung injury. PMID- 3491047 TI - The effects of radiotherapy on immune status in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 3491049 TI - Antigenic characterization of the P6 protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the degree of antigenic heterogeneity or conservation of a 16,600-dalton outer membrane protein (P6) among strains of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. Immunization of rabbits with P6 isolated from individual strains resulted in antibody to P6 of all 25 strains tested. The titers of antibody in the sera were similar among the strains. Whole organisms of two strains were used to immunize rabbits, and antibodies were produced to P6 of all strains tested. Monoclonal antibodies developed to P6 from mice immunized with whole cells of three different strains recognized determinants on P6 of all 25 strains tested. Finally, pooled normal human serum contained antibodies to P6 of all 25 strains assayed. These studies indicate that P6 is a highly conserved antigen on the outer membrane of nontypable H. influenzae. PMID- 3491048 TI - Cross-reactivity between haptenic muramyl di- or tripeptide derivatives and Mycobacterium bovis BCG: potential application for enhancing tumor immunity. AB - Muramyl di- or tripeptide (MDP or MTP) hapten derivatives bearing various structures were synthesized, and the correlation of these structures with cross reactivity with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and their applicability to enhance induction of syngeneic tumor immunity were investigated. The cross-reactivity of MDP or MTP haptens to BCG was examined by T-cell proliferation responses of lymph node cells from BCG-primed C3H/He mice in the stimulation with MDP- or MTP coupled syngeneic cells. A haptenic MDP derivative (designated L4-MDP) stimulated proliferative responses appreciably. Derivatives in which alanine in the peptide portion of L4-MDP was replaced by methylalanine or valine failed to induce stimulation. However, the cross-reactivity with BCG was regained in the MTP derivative that was formed by adding lysine to dipeptide containing methylalanine or valine. Whether this cross-reactive pattern was correlated with enhanced induction of tumor immunity was further investigated. According to the established protocol for the augmented induction of tumor immunity, BCG-primed C3H/He mice were immunized with various haptenic MDP-coupled syngeneic X5563 tumor cells. Immunization with tumor cells conjugating BCG-cross-reactive haptens resulted in enhanced tumor immunity, whereas immunization with tumor cells coupling non-cross-reactive haptens failed to produce anti-X5563 tumor immunity. These results indicate that the peptide portion in these haptenic structures is critical in the generation of BCG cross-reactivity leading to enhanced tumor immunity. PMID- 3491052 TI - Impaired cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr mice. AB - A number of phenotypic and functional T-cell abnormalities have been reported in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice. We examined hapten-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in male and female MRL/l mice and compared them to age- and sex-matched congeneic MRL +/+ (MRL/n) mice and outbred Swiss controls. Profound defects in DTH reactivity were demonstrated in female MRL/l mice at all ages tested. In contrast MRL/l males displayed only partly impaired and selective DTH defect toward one of the two haptens used. Congeneic MRL/n females expressed lower DTH reactivity than their male littermates. We conclude that DTH responses in autoimmune MRL/l mice are defective and sex hormone related. PMID- 3491050 TI - Role of interleukin-1 in the depression of liver drug metabolism by endotoxin. AB - Endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were used to test the hypothesis that a macrophage product, possibly interleukin-1, might mediate the depression of liver cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism in endotoxin-treated mice. Depression of liver drug metabolism by endotoxin was observed in normal mice (C3H/HeN) but not in C3H/HeJ mice. Serum transfer experiments demonstrated that a serum factor was responsible for the depression of liver drug metabolism. Experiments of passive transfer of peritoneal macrophages showed that this endotoxin-induced factor might be a macrophage product. In vitro experiments showed that endotoxin stimulated monocytes produced a factor that depressed cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism in cultured hepatocytes. Homogeneous human monocyte and recombinant interleukin-1 also depressed liver drug metabolism both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that this macrophage product might be involved in the regulation of liver function by the immune system. PMID- 3491051 TI - Effect of T-lymphocyte suppression on the parasite burden in Leishmania major infected, genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. AB - Treatment of Leishmania major-infected, genetically susceptible BALB/c mice with the T-lymphocyte-immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CyA) resulted in a significantly reduced parasite burden in the local site of infection and in the draining lymph nodes. These data indicate that T cells are pivotal for the propagation of L. major in vivo. PMID- 3491053 TI - Studies on auto-anti-idiotypic thyroid-stimulating antibodies. AB - We immunized rabbits with human (h) or bovine (b) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), hTSH beta chains or human serum albumin. Serum from the rabbits was then assayed for thyroid-stimulating activity, using the thyroid-cell bioassay. Anti idiotypic antibodies (anti-ID) to monoclonal anti-TSH were detected in these rabbit antisera after removal of rheumatoid factor by absorption with IgG. Anti ID activity was detected in the serum of the rabbits immunized with bovine TSH. Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSI) activity, too, was most prominent in the sera obtained from bTSH-immunized rabbits. Anti-ID activity seemed to arise sooner than did TSI, but both tended to peak 3 months after an initial series of immunizations. Since thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins can develop following TSH immunization of rabbits, it is possible that a similar immunopathogenesis may be responsible for some instances of Graves' hyperthyroidism. PMID- 3491054 TI - Effect of serotonin on T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in healthy individuals. AB - The direct effect of different concentrations of serotonin on T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was seen in 20 normal individuals. It has been observed that the neurotransmitter had a suppressive effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. This study shows that the effect of serotonin on the immune system is direct. PMID- 3491055 TI - Biocompatibility of charcoal hemoperfusion. Effects of long-term treatment on lymphocyte characteristics and function. AB - Biocompatibility of charcoal hemoperfusion was studied in a group of 15 uremic patients, evaluating the effects of long-term treatment on some structural and functional parameters of circulating lymphocytes: in vivo distribution of T-cell subsets; surface T3, T4 and T8 antigen expression, in vivo and in vitro DNA synthesis. A comparative analysis was performed with patients on conventional dialysis using cuprophan membranes. PMID- 3491056 TI - Alteration of lymphocyte reactivities by thyroid hormones. AB - The effects of thyroid hormones (L-T4, L-T3 and rT3) on the proliferative response of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens, PHA and Con A, and B cell specific goat anti-rabbit light chain antibodies (Anti-L) were investigated. It was observed that L-T4 potentiated the lymphocyte response to mitogens and Anti-L in a dose-dependent manner: 10(-9) M and 10(-8) M had no effect while 10(-7)-10(-5) M significantly enhanced the lymphocyte response. L-T3 (10(-11)-10(-8) M) had no effect on the lymphocyte response to PHA and Con A. At 10(-7) M, L-T3 inhibited the response to PHA but not Con A. L-T3 (10(-11)-10(-7) M) suppressed the lymphocyte response to Anti-L. The suppression was directly proportional to the L-T3 concentration. rT3 (10(-11)-10(-7) M) inhibited the proliferative response to PHA and Anti-L in a dose-related manner. Its effect on the lymphocyte response to Con A was stimulatory at 10(-11) M but inhibitory at higher concentrations (10(-8) and 10(-7) M). rT3 suppressed the enhancement by L T4 of the lymphocyte response to the mitogens and Anti-L. The degree of suppression was proportional to its concentration. This data indicated that thyroid hormones can alter the reactivities of lymphocytes. The direction and magnitude of the alteration appear to depend on the concentration of a specific thyroid hormone encountered by the responding cells. PMID- 3491057 TI - Thymosin alpha 1 enhances haemopoietic colony formation by stimulating the production of interleukin 3 in nu/nu mice. AB - We have studied the action mechanism of thymosin alpha 1 in modulation of haemopoietic system. The present study demonstrated that thymosin alpha 1 enhanced the colony formation as determined by CFU-s, GM-CFU and T-CFU, as well as the production of IL-3, when administered twice a week for a total of six or twelve times into nu/nu mice. The incubation of bone marrow cells with thymosin alpha 1 in vitro did not cause an increase of CFU-s, in contrast to IL-3 which caused a marked increase of CFU-s during the incubation of 72 h. These experiments indicate that thymosin alpha 1 exerts its effect on colony formation of haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s) indirectly through the enhancement of the IL-3 production. The present finding may support clinical applications of thymosin alpha 1 in a wide range, since IL-3 is known to be the growth factor for many kinds of haemopoietic precursor cells including not only CFU-s but also GM-CFU, BFU-E, Eos-CFU, Meg-CFU, Mast cells, Pre B-cells and Pre T-cells. PMID- 3491058 TI - Induction of nonspecific cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity from non-immune spleen cells treated with aloctin A. AB - Culturing of mouse spleen cells with aloctin A (Alo A), a lectin having anti tumor activity, resulted in the induction of cells cytotoxic to syngeneic and allogenic tumor cells in vitro. Alo A-induced killer cells could be generated from spleen cells of natural killer cell-deficient beige mice but not from those of T cell-deficient nude mice. The results of cytotoxicity assay after treatment with antisera plus complement indicated that the killer cells mainly consisted of Thy 1+, Lyt 1-2+, asialo GM1(1)-T cells. Their cytotoxic activity was markedly augmented by the presence of Alo A during the assay for cytotoxicity. The assay of IL2 in the culture fluid from Alo A-treated spleen cells and the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on IL2 production from Alo A-stimulated spleen cells and on generation of killer cells suggested that generation of Alo A-induced killer cells was closely associated with the amount of IL2 released from the spleen cells in culture. PMID- 3491059 TI - Alpha 1-protease inhibitor in serous effusions: differences in lectin crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis precipitin profiles between benign and malignant disease. AB - Differences in the lectin crossed immuno-affinoelectrophoresis (LCIE) precipitin profile of the antiprotease alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) have been detected between serous effusions of benign and malignant origin. Extra proteins with antigenicity towards anti-human alpha 1-PI appear in both malignant pleural effusions and malignant ascitic fluid caused by ovarian cancer that are not detected in effusions of benign origin. These compounds may be protease antiprotease complexes caused by tumour excretion of proteases into the serous effusions. PMID- 3491060 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in uremic patients prior to and after 6 months' treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The number of circulating T-lymphocytes and their functional activity were studied in a group of 14 uremic patients prior to and after 6 to 9 months of treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Low absolute T cell counts were found on initial examination in five of eight patients tested. There was no change in T cell counts after CAPD. The functional activity of T cells was tested by the local xenogeneic graft vs. host reaction (GVHR). Of the 14 patients tested with this technique, 10 initially showed impaired T cell functional activity. After CAPD a clear improvement in functional activity of the T cells was found in 4 of 10 patients with impaired GVHR. In three of these four patients, an inhibitory factor that had been present in the serum disappeared after CAPD. PMID- 3491061 TI - Metabolic changes following eccentric exercise in trained and untrained men. AB - The effects of one 45-min bout of high-intensity eccentric exercise (250 W) were studied in four male runners and five untrained men. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity in these runners was higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exercise and peaked at 207 IU/ml 1 day after exercise, whereas in untrained men the maximum was 2,143 IU/ml 5 days after exercise. Plasma interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the trained men was also higher (P less than 0.001) than in the untrained men before exercise but did not significantly increase after exercise. In the untrained men, IL-1 was significantly elevated 3 h after exercise (P less than 0.001). In the untrained group only, 24-h urines were collected before and after exercise while the men consumed a meat-free diet. Urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine in the untrained group rose significantly from 127 mumol/g before exercise to 180 mumol/g 10 days after exercise. The results suggest that in untrained men eccentric exercise leads to a metabolic response indicative of delayed muscle damage. Regularly performed long distance running was associated with chronically elevated plasma IL-1 levels and serum CK activities without acute increases after an eccentric exercise bout. PMID- 3491062 TI - Physiological mechanisms contributing to increased interleukin-1 secretion. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a monocyte-derived polypeptide that mediates many host defense adaptations to environmental and infectious stresses. This investigation was intended to characterize further IL-1 activity found in human plasma following exercise (3) and to identify physiological initiators of IL-1 secretion. IL-1 activity was measured by the ability of plasma fractions to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. This activity appeared in plasma several hours after exercise on a cycle ergometer (1 h at 60% of aerobic capacity, n = 8 subjects) and was neutralized with a specific antiserum to human IL-1. The hypothesis that IL-1 release from monocytes was initiated by phagocytosis of material from cells damaged by exercise was tested. The increase in IL-1 activity did not correlate significantly (r = 0.55) with creatine kinase activity, a marker for release of intracellular proteins into the circulation, and IL-1 secretion by monocytes was not stimulated by incubation with red blood cell lysates in vitro. Thus the stimulus for IL-1 secretion did not appear to be related to a scavenging function of monocytes. The possibility that IL-1 secretion may be mediated by stress hormones associated with exercise was examined. IL-1 secretion by monocytes was increased up to 48 +/- 18% (P less than 0.01) by addition of physiological concentrations of epinephrine in vitro. Low concentrations of hydrocortisone (1 ng/ml) also augmented IL-1 secretion by 58 +/ 20%. Higher concentrations in the physiological range had no effect, and combinations of epinephrine and hydrocortisone suppressed IL-1 secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491064 TI - Plasmid establishment in competent Haemophilus influenzae occurs by illegitimate transformation. AB - Establishment of plasmids in naturally competent Haemophilus influenzae is incompatible with transformation via the normal DNA translocation pathways. Instead, establishing plasmids appear to evade the degradation which ordinarily accompanies translocation, arriving as intact double-stranded molecules in the cytoplasm. Evidence is presented that plasmid establishment is a rare illegitimate transformation event which resembles artificial transformation. This process is compared with plasmid marker rescue transformation, and a method for greatly increasing establishment frequency is described. PMID- 3491063 TI - Secretion of acetylcholinesterase by a mouse hepatocyte X rat liver cell hybrid culture. AB - A hybrid cell line (E-2) that secretes the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been prepared. The E-2 cell was the product of a fusion between primary mouse hepatocytes and a chemically transformed rat liver cell line (FRL), neither of which expresses AChE activity. The enzyme was determined to be AChE on the basis of its susceptibility to inhibition by BW284c51 but not by iso-OMPA, as well as its substrate specificity. Although the secreted enzyme was salt soluble and its activity not modified by the addition of the nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, the activity of the cellular enzyme (derived from homogenates of E-2 cells) was greatly enhanced in the presence of the detergent. PMID- 3491065 TI - Epidemiology of borderline personality disorder. PMID- 3491066 TI - Specificities of human heterophile Hanganutziu and Deicher (HD) antibodies to glycosphingolipids and a glycoprotein. AB - The specificities of five heterophile Hanganutziu and Deicher (HD) antibody containing sera from four different cancer patients and one other diseased patients were compared. Three glycosphingolipids and one glycoprotein antigens and their chemically modified derivatives were used. The antibodies of all whole sera showed similar specificities. IgG and IgM antibody fractions of each serum were separated. Although antibodies of the same class showed similar specificities, differences were detected between the specificities of IgG and IgM. IgG antibody specificities were dependent on the hydrophobic (ceramide) group while IgM antibodies were directed more to the terminal sialic acid moiety of the glycosphingolipid antigens. The results suggested that a similar population of IgG-producing lymphocytes is stimulated in patients. Due to the similarities in specificities of HD antibodies, the results of this study will facilitate the future isolation of either IgG or IgM antibody-producing lymphocyte(s) from a patient with HD antibodies and the establishment of a monoclonal antibody through hybridization with a human myeloma cell line. PMID- 3491067 TI - Fluorescence labeling of a single sulfhydryl group in human plasma alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and characterization of the labeled inhibitor. AB - A single cysteine residue present in human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was labeled with a fluorescent sulfhydryl reagent, N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1 naphthyl)ethylenediamine. The resulting fluorescent inhibitor retained nearly full inhibitory activity and formed complexes with bovine chymotrypsin, porcine pancreatic elastase, and bovine trypsin as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Association rate constants for the interactions of the labeled inhibitor with the proteinases were determined to be 1.5 (+/- 0.4) X 10(6), 3.3 (+/- 0.3) X 10(5), and 1.4 (+/- 0.3) X 10(5) M-1 X s-1 for chymotrypsin, elastase, and trypsin, respectively. These values were found to be only slightly lower than those of the unlabeled inhibitor. Fluorescence emission spectra of the labeled inhibitor in the absence and presence of each proteinase were also examined, and little difference was observed between them. PMID- 3491068 TI - Domain structure of rat liver carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. AB - Independently folded structural domains of rat liver carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I have been identified by partial proteolytic cleavage under nondenaturing conditions. The pattern of fragments produced was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The NH2-terminal sequences of the fragments were determined by automated Edman degradation. Comparison of these fragment sequences with the sequence of the intact protein allowed alignment of the fragments. The hydrolysis of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (Mr 160,000) by either trypsin or elastase proceeded in two stages, with two alternative routes of degradation for elastase. The alignment of the final tryptic fragments from the NH2 terminus to the COOH terminus was: Mr 87,000 fragment-Mr 62,000 fragment-group of small peptides. The alignment of the final elastase fragments was: Mr 37,000 fragment-Mr 108,000 fragment-group of small peptides. The rates of cleavage were affected by the presence of the substrate ATP or the positive allosteric effector N-acetylglutamate; the preferred route of elastase cleavage was also affected. In addition to providing a map of the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I domains and preliminary information on the interaction of substrates with these domains, the present studies provide further support for the proposal that domains serve as units of protein evolution since the 37-kDa fragment encompasses the region of the rat liver synthetase that is homologous to the 40-kDa subunit of the Escherichia coli synthetase. PMID- 3491069 TI - Characterization of a regulatory region of the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene. AB - Steroid 21-hydroxylase is expressed at high levels in the adrenal gland, where it is required for the synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. The cis acting nucleotide sequences required for expression of murine 21-hydroxylase were assessed by stable transfection of Y1 adrenocortical tumor cells with 21 hydroxylase genes containing progressive deletions of the 5' flanking sequences. Expression of authentic 21-hydroxylase transcripts was quantitated by S1 nuclease protection assays using total RNA from pools of transfectant colonies. Removal of sequences from 1,100 to 230 base pairs preceding the transcription initiation site did not significantly affect 21-hydroxylase transcription. However, an important regulatory element falls between 230 and 180 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site. Comparisons of the murine 5' flanking sequence with those of the human and bovine 21-hydroxylase genes revealed a 40-base pair region that is highly conserved among all three species. The conserved sequence in the murine gene occurs between 210 and 170 nucleotides 5' of the transcription initiation site; similar locations are seen in the human and bovine genes. These results thus define an important regulatory region which is required for expression of 21-hydroxylase in Y1 adrenal cells. PMID- 3491070 TI - Dexamethasone differentially affects the levels of calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide mRNAs expressed in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line. AB - The TT cells are a continuous line of human C-cells derived from a medullary thyroid carcinoma. These cells produce large quantities of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by the differential splicing of a single calcitonin gene transcript. We have used specific cDNA probes for calcitonin and CGRP to study the regulation of the calcitonin gene by dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA isolated from the TT cells showed hybridization of the calcitonin probe to 3600- and 1000-base RNA species. The CGRP probe hybridized to 3600- and 1050-base RNA species. Dexamethasone treatment (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) of TT cells (for 6 days) caused a dosage-dependent increase in calcitonin mRNA levels and a decrease in CGRP mRNA levels. These findings were confirmed in time course studies where dexamethasone treatment (10(-6) M) caused a 2-13-fold increase in calcitonin mRNA and a 40-60% decrease in CGRP mRNA between 4 and 6 days of treatment; the effect was reversible after dexamethasone withdrawal. After excluding an effect of dexamethasone on calcitonin and CGRP mRNA stability, we have concluded that dexamethasone affects the splicing mechanism to favor production of calcitonin mRNA over CGRP mRNA. PMID- 3491071 TI - Quantitative changes in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in chemoattractant stimulated neutrophils. AB - myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is an intracellular second messenger generated from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate by phospholipase C. In the present study, we have used the abilities of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to inhibit inositol 1,4,5-tris[32P]phosphate binding and to stimulate release of sequestered stores of 45Ca2+ to assay the mass of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in extracts derived from [3H]inositol-prelabeled chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils. These assays are specific for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate since the relative capacity of the extracts to compete with inositol 1,4,5 tris[32P]phosphate binding and to release 45Ca2+ correlated well with the [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate content of the extract as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. No correlation of these activities was observed with the content in the extract of either [3H]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate or [3H]inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, whose formation exhibited kinetics distinct from [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Thus, within 10 s of stimulation with 10 nM formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, the inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate content of the extract increased from 0.05 to 0.55 pmol/10(6) cells, equivalent to a change in intracellular concentration from 100 nM to 1.1 microM. These studies demonstrate that neutrophils produce sufficient quantities of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores. PMID- 3491072 TI - Identification of a second mutation in the protein-coding sequence of the Z type alpha 1-antitrypsin gene. AB - This study reports the entire nucleotide sequence of the protein coding region sequence of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) Z gene, a common form of the alpha 1AT gene associated with serum alpha 1AT deficiency. In addition to Glu342 to Lys342 mutation in exon V which has been previously identified by peptide analysis, another point mutation (GTG to GCG in exon III) in the gene sequence predicts a second amino acid substitution (Val213 to Ala213) in the Z protein. This Val213 to Ala213 mutation was confirmed to be a general finding in Z type alpha 1AT gene by evaluating genomic DNA from 40 Z haplotypes using synthetic oligonucleotide gene probes directed toward the mutated exon III sequences in the Z gene. Furthermore, the exon III Val213 to Ala213 mutation eliminates a BstEII restriction endonuclease site in the alpha 1AT Z gene, allowing rapid identification of this Val213 to Ala213 substitution at the genomic DNA level. Surprisingly, when genomic DNA samples from individuals thought to be homozygous for the M1 gene (the most common alpha 1AT normal haplotype) were evaluated with BstEII, 23% of the M1 haplotypes were BstEII site negative, thus identifying a new form of M1 (i.e. M1(Ala213], likely identical to M1 but with an isoelectric focusing "silent" amino acid substitution (Val213 to Ala213). Although the relative importance of the newly identified exon III Val213 to Ala213 mutation to the pathogenesis of the abnormalities associated with the Z gene is not known, it is likely that M1(Ala213) gene represents a common "normal" polymorphism of the alpha 1AT gene that served as an evolutionary intermediate between the M1(Val213) and Z genes. PMID- 3491074 TI - Stoichiometry of contraction and Ca2+ mobilization by inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate in isolated gastric smooth muscle cells. AB - Smooth muscle cells were isolated from the circular muscle layer of guinea pig stomach and permeabilized by brief exposure to saponin. Both permeabilized and intact muscle cells contracted in response to cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and acetylcholine, but only permeabilized muscle cells contracted in response to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). The contractile response to InsP3 was prompt (peak less than 5 s), concentration-dependent (EC50-0.3 microM), and insensitive to antimycin or oligomycin. Contraction induced by either InsP3 or CCK-8 was accompanied by a concentration-dependent increase in free Ca2+ that was directly correlated with the magnitude of contraction. Both InsP3 and CCK-8 caused rapid net efflux of Ca2+ from cells preloaded with 45Ca2+. Contraction, increase in free Ca2+ concentration, and net 45Ca2+ efflux elicited by a combination of maximal concentrations of InsP3 and CCK-8 were not significantly different from those elicited by maximal concentrations of either agent alone. Repeated stimulation of single muscle cells with either InsP3 or CCK-8 in Ca2+ free medium caused eventual loss of the contractile response to all agents. The response to all agents was restored upon re-exposure of the cell to a cytosol like concentration of Ca2+, implying equal access of InsP3 and receptor-linked agonists to the same intracellular Ca2+ store. The results demonstrate that InsP3 mimics the effects of receptor-linked agonists on contraction and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in permeabilized smooth muscle cells that retain the functional properties of intact smooth muscle cells and support a role for InsP3 as membrane-derived messenger responsible for mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in smooth muscle cells. PMID- 3491073 TI - Calcium modulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release from neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG108-15) microsomes. AB - Subcellular fractions of neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) hybrid cells were used to study the mechanism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release. A microsomal fraction, enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes and almost devoid of mitochondria, was the most active in inositol trisphosphate- or GTP-dependent release of calcium. Neither GTP nor inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate affected the calcium efflux mediated by the other reagent, suggesting that inositol trisphosphate and GTP act on different calcium-sequestrating vesicles. The stimulation of calcium release by GTP was relatively slow (t1/2 = 90 s), dependent on polyethyleneglycol, and greater at 2 X 10(-5) M calcium (5 nmol X min-1 X mg-1) than at 10(-6) M calcium (0.8 nmol X min-1 X mg-1). The inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium efflux was not mimicked by inositol monophosphate; it was fast (t1/2 less than 10 s) and unaffected by 3% polyethyleneglycol. The amount of calcium released by inositol trisphosphate was greatest at 10(-6) M external calcium (1 nmol X min-1 X mg-1) and it was undetectable at 2 X 10(-5) M calcium. A feedback inhibition of the inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release by cytoplasmic calcium provides a safety mechanism preventing deleterious effects of abnormally high calcium levels. PMID- 3491075 TI - Protein phosphorylation and secretion in digitonin-permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells. Effects of micromolar Ca2+, phorbol esters, and diacylglycerol. AB - The effects of phorbol esters, dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8), and micromolar Ca2+ on protein phosphorylation and catecholamine secretion in digitonin-treated chromaffin cells were investigated. [gamma-32P]ATP was used as a substrate for phosphorylation in the permeabilized cells. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhanced Ca2+-dependent catecholamine secretion from digitonin permeabilized cells. The enhancement required MgATP. Only those phorbol esters which activate protein kinase C in vitro enhanced both catecholamine secretion and protein phosphorylation. DiC8, which activates protein kinase C in vitro and mimics phorbol ester effects in situ, also enhanced both catecholamine secretion and protein phosphorylation. Preincubation of intact cells with TPA or DiC8 was necessary for maximal effects on both catecholamine secretion and protein phosphorylation in subsequently digitonin-treated chromaffin cells. The TPA induced enhancement of protein phosphorylation was almost entirely Ca2+ independent, whereas DiC8-induced enhancement of protein phosphorylation was mainly Ca2+-dependent. Micromolar Ca2+ alone also enhanced the phosphorylation of a large number of proteins. Most of the proteins phosphorylated in response to TPA or potentiated by DiC8 in combination with Ca2+ were also phosphorylated by micromolar Ca2+ in the absence of exogenous protein kinase C activators. In intact cells, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) induced Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of at least 17 proteins which were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. All of the proteins phosphorylated upon incubation with 1,1 dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium were phosphorylated upon incubation with micromolar Ca2+ in digitonin-treated cells. These results demonstrate that TPA- or DiC8 enhanced Ca2+-dependent catecholamine secretion is associated with enhanced protein phosphorylation which is probably mediated by protein kinase C and that activation of protein kinase C modulates catecholamine secretion from digitonin treated chromaffin cells. PMID- 3491078 TI - Accurate length adjustment of right or circumflex coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - A simple method is described for the accurate adjustment of the length of right and circumflex coronary grafts. The essential feature of the technique is the use of a marking suture initially positioned in the pericardium for future reference. The technique has been adopted and successfully used by us over the past year. PMID- 3491077 TI - Aorto-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass surgery. A ten-year follow-up. AB - The 10-year follow-up of consecutive series of 126 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery from January 1970 through December 1972 without associated procedures is reported. There were 112 men and 14 women with a mean age of 50.3 +/- 8.0 years. Indications for operation were stable angina pectoris in 35 cases and unstable angina in 91 cases. Eleven patients had one-vessel disease, 55 patients had two-vessel disease and 60 patients had three-vessel disease. The mean number of grafts per patient was 1.8. Graft patency rate was 78.4% at the time of early angiographic control (from one to 24 months). There were two early deaths and 47 late deaths. One patient was last to follow-up. Twenty-six of the late deaths were cardiac in nature (57.7%). The overall 10-year survival rate was 68.0 +/- 4.1%. The factors most clearly related to survival rate were: age (p less than 0.05) ischaemic ST-segment depressions on resting preoperative electrocardiogram (p less than 0.005), preoperative electrocardiographic evidence of anterior, septal or lateral myocardial infarction (p less than 0.05), ventricular function as assessed by preoperative left ventriculography (p less than 0.05). During the follow-up period 35.1% of survivors had had no recurrence of angina and 64.9% had experienced at least one episode of angina. At the ten-year evaluation 33 surviving patients considered themselves free of angina, 27 patients considered the angina to be less severe than before the operation and four considered it to be the same or more severe. A significant positive correlation was noted between clinical response and completeness of revascularization (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3491076 TI - Macrophage activation with multi-porous beads prepared from partially deacetylated chitin. AB - The effect of multi-porous beads prepared from 80% deacetylated chitin on the activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages was examined. Deacetylated chitin bead (DAC-bead) preparations were shown to activate macrophages for tumoricidal activity depending on the increasing concentration of acetic acid used for the pretreatment of beads. The large DAC-bead was more susceptible to treatment with acetic acid than small DAC-bead, and showed more potent capacity for the activation of macrophages under the same pretreatment conditions with acetic acid. Deacetylated bead preparations, on the other hand, showed less activities. In addition, DAC-bead pretreated with acetic acid stimulated macrophages to produce interleukin 1. The possibilities of multi-porous beads as cancer chemotherapeutic-carrier were examined by the method of column chromatography and of in vitro antitumor experiment. Forty-four percent of adriamycin adsorbed on the surface of and in bead was released within the first 60 min. of elution, and then adriamycin was released more slowly in proportion to the elution time. Antitumor activity of adriamycin-adsorbed bead was less effective than that of free adriamycin if they were compared on the basis of total content of adriamycin. PMID- 3491080 TI - The part played by inositol trisphosphate and calcium in the propagation of the fertilization wave in sea urchin eggs. AB - Sea urchin egg activation at fertilization is progressive, beginning at the point of sperm entry and moving across the egg with a velocity of 5 microns/s. This activation wave (Kacser, H., 1955, J. Exp. Biol., 32:451-467) has been suggested to be the result of a progressive release of calcium from a store within the egg cytoplasm (Jaffe, L. F., 1983, Dev. Biol., 99:265-276). The progressive release of calcium may be due to the production of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3), a second messenger. We show here that a wave of calcium release crosses the Lytechinus pictus egg; the peak of the wave travels with a velocity of 5 microns/s; microinjection of InsP3 causes the release of calcium within the egg; calcium release (as judged by fertilization envelope elevation) is abolished by prior injection of the calcium chelator EGTA; neomycin, an inhibitor of InsP3 production, does not prevent the release of calcium in response to InsP3 but does abolish the wave of calcium release; the egg cytoplasm rapidly buffers microinjected calcium; the calcium concentration required to cause fertilization membrane elevation when microinjected is very similar to that required to stimulate the production of InsP3 in vitro; and the progressive fertilization membrane elevation seen after microinjection of calcium buffers appears to be due to diffusion of the buffer across the egg cytoplasm rather than to the induction of the activation wave. We conclude that InsP3 diffuses through the egg cytoplasm much more readily than calcium ions and that calcium-stimulated production of InsP3 and InsP3-induced calcium release from an internal store can account for the progressive release of calcium at fertilization. PMID- 3491082 TI - Integrin (the CSAT antigen): functionality requires oligomeric integrity. AB - Integrin, the cell-substrate attachment (CSAT) antigen, is a complex of integral membrane glycoproteins whose apparent function is to mediate cell-substratum adhesion by serving as a transmembrane link between the extracellular matrix and elements of the cytoskeleton. Previous attempts to separate the members of this complex under nondenaturing conditions have been successful. We have now produced a monoclonal antibody "G" that is specific for the lower molecular mass cysteine rich band 3 of the complex. Using an antibody affinity column containing this monoclonal antibody, it is possible to dissociate integrin into two fractions, one containing band 3, the other containing bands 1 plus 2. Neither fraction will by itself bind fibronectin, laminin, or talin. However, when the fractions are combined, the reconstituted integrin elutes from a gel filtration column in the same position as the native complex, and binding activity to these molecules returns. Further, it is shown by gel filtration that the recognition site for the adhesion-disrupting monoclonal antibodies CSAT and JG22 is on band 3, supporting the contention that integrin is an oligomer. The data presented here is consistent with integrin being either a mixture of heterodimers, each with a common subunit and reacting with a particular extracellular matrix molecule, or a single heterotrimer capable of binding to several different extracellular matrix molecules. PMID- 3491083 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol-induced differentiation of myelomonocytic leukemic cells unresponsive to colony stimulating factors and phorbol esters. AB - The murine myelomonocytic leukemia cell line WEHI-3B D+, which differentiates in response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), can also be induced to differentiate into monocyte-macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment, whereas the WEHI-3B D- subline, which is unresponsive to G-CSF and PMA, can be induced to differentiate to granulocytes as well as monocytes by 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2 D3], the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3. A newly developed variant of the WEHI-3B D+ line, named WEHI-3B D+ G, which was responsive to G-CSF but not to PMA, was also differentiated to granulocytes by 1,25-(OH)2 D3. Although vitamin D3 has been reported to induce macrophage differentiation in responsive tumor cells, this is the first demonstration that 1,25-(OH)2 D3 can induce granulocyte differentiation. In both differentiation pathways, cessation of cellular proliferation accompanies changes in morphologic and cytochemical properties of the cells. This suggests that leukemic cell lines unresponsive to differentiation agents acting at the cell surface retain their ability to differentiate in response to agents that do not act via the plasma membrane such as 1,25-(OH)2 D3, which has cytosolic/nuclear receptors. Vitamin D3 could act through different cellular pathways inducing differentiation or by bypassing only the first step of a common differentiation cascade used by agents with cell surface receptors such as CSF. These results suggest that low doses of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 may be useful in combination with hemopoietic growth factors (CSFs) as therapeutic agent to induce leukemic cell differentiation in vivo. PMID- 3491079 TI - Cell proliferation and expression of the transferrin receptor gene: promoter sequence homologies and protein interactions. AB - A 365-bp fragment from the 5' region of the human transferrin receptor gene has been subcloned and sequenced. This fragment contains 115 bp of flanking sequence, the first exon, and a portion of the first intron. It contains a TATA box, several GC-rich regions, and is able to efficiently promote expression of the bacterial CAT gene in mouse 3T3 cells. Sequence comparisons demonstrate that this DNA segment has homology to the promoter regions of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene and the mouse interleukin 3 gene, as well as to a monkey DNA sequence that has homology to the SV40 origin and promotes expression of an unidentified gene product. Several high molecular mass proteins that interact with the transferrin receptor gene promoter have been identified. The activity of these proteins is transiently increased in 3T3 cells that have been stimulated by serum addition. This increase precedes a rise in transferrin receptor mRNA levels in the cytoplasm, which in turn precedes entry of the cells into S phase. DNase I footprinting of the transferrin receptor promoter reveals several protein binding sites. Two of the sites are within the conserved GC-rich region of the promoter. One of these binding sites probably interacts with Spl, while the second interacts with an uncharacterized protein. PMID- 3491081 TI - Enhanced production and extracellular deposition of the endothelial-type plasminogen activator inhibitor in cultured human lung fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-beta. AB - Cultured human embryonic lung fibroblasts were used as a model to study the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) on the plasminogen activator (PA) activity released by nontumorigenic cells into the culture medium. The cells were exposed to TGF beta under serum-free conditions, and the changes in PA activity and protein metabolism were analyzed by caseinolysis-in-agar assays, zymography, and polypeptide analysis. Treatment of the cells with TGF beta caused a significant decrease in the PA activity of the culture medium as analyzed by the caseinolysis-in-agar assays. The quantitatively most prominent effect of TGF beta on confluent cultures of cells was the induction of an Mr 47,000 protein, as detected by metabolic labeling. The Mr 47,000 protein was a PA inhibitor as judged by reverse zymography. It was antigenically related to a PA inhibitor secreted by HT-1080 tumor cells as demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies. The induced Mr 47,000 inhibitor was deposited into the growth substratum of the cells, as detected by metabolic labeling, immunoblotting analysis, and reverse zymography assays of extracellular matrix preparations. TGF beta also decreased the amounts of urokinase-type and tissue-type PAs accumulated in the conditioned medium, as detected by zymography. Epidermal growth factor antagonized the inhibitory effects of TGF beta by enhancing the amounts of the PAs. These results indicate that growth factors modulate the proteolytic balance of cultured cells by altering the amounts of PAs and their inhibitors. PMID- 3491084 TI - Phorbol diesters and transferrin modulate lymphoblastoid cell transferrin receptor expression by two different mechanisms. AB - Expression of transferrin receptors (TfR) by activated lymphocytes is necessary for lymphocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation. Regulation of TfR expression, therefore, is a mechanism by which the lymphocyte's proliferative potential may be directed and controlled. We studied mechanisms by which lymphoblastoid cells modulate TfR expression during treatment with phorbol diesters or iron transferrin (FeTf), agents which cause downregulation of cell surface TfR. Phorbol diester-induced TfR downregulation occurred rapidly, being detectable at 2 min and reaching maximal decreases of 50% by 15 min. It was inhibited by cold but not by agents that destabilize cytoskeletal elements. Furthermore, this downregulation was reversed rapidly by washing or by treatment with the membrane interactive agent, chlorpromazine. In contrast, FeTf-induced TfR downregulation occurred slowly. Decreased expression of TfR was detectable only after 15 min and maximal downregulation was achieved after 60 min. Although FeTf-induced downregulation also was inhibited by cold, it was inhibited in addition by a group of microtubule destabilizing agents (colchicine, vinblastine, podophyllotoxin) or cytochalasin B, a microfilament inhibitor. Furthermore, FeTf induced downregulation was not reversed readily by washing or by treatment with chlorpromazine. The inactive colchicine analogues, beta- and gamma lumicolchicine, did not inhibit FeTf-induced TfR downregulation. Similarly, when cells were pretreated with taxol to stabilize microtubules, colchicine no longer inhibited FeTf-induced downregulation. Therefore, FeTf causes TfR downregulation in lymphoblastoid cells by a cytoskeleton-dependent mechanism. Phorbol diesters cause TfR downregulation by a cytoskeleton-independent mechanism. In other experiments, treatment of cells with both a phorbol diester and FeTf, either simultaneously or sequentially, produced additive effects on TfR expression. These data indicate that TfR expression is regulated by two independent mechanisms in lymphoblastoid cells, and they provide the possibility that downregulation of TfR by different mechanisms may result in different effects in these cells. PMID- 3491085 TI - Inhibition by phorbol esters of antiimmunoglobulin-induced calcium signalling and B-cell activation. AB - The inhibitory effect of phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) on B-cell stimulation was evaluated using a model in which activation is induced by modest doses of antiimmunoglobulin antibody (anti-Ig) and progression to DNA synthesis is induced by cytochalasin. PDB preferentially inhibited anti-Ig-induced activation and did so during brief (2 hr) preincubation with anti-Ig. Activation was inhibited whether PDB was added before or shortly after anti-Ig. Since activation for cytochalasin responsiveness appears to be mediated by Ca2+, the effect of PDB on the anti-Ig-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+ was evaluated. PDB (and other phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C) inhibited the rise in Ca2+ normally associated with anti-Ig treatment; moreover, PDB reversed an established anti-Ig-induced Ca2+ response. These data suggest that phorbol esters inhibit B cell activation by interfering with the elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+ produced by cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin by anti-Ig. This could represent a "feedback inhibition" type of response, but it remains to be seen if this occurs under physiological conditions of protein kinase C activation. PMID- 3491086 TI - Differences in retention of protein amino acids by C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. PMID- 3491087 TI - Use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. VII. Analytical and medium scale preparative chromatofocusing of the constitutive chromosomal cephalosporinase P99 from Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 3491088 TI - Microdetermination of folate monoglutamates in serum by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 3491090 TI - Regional suppression, therapy after onset and prevention of relapses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by mitoxantrone. AB - Mitoxantrone, a new antineoplastic anthracenedione drug, suppressed the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats when administered during the incubation period. One dose of mitoxantrone had a favorable effect on EAE even when withheld until after the onset of clinical signs. In a model of relapsing EAE, a single dose during a remission prevented the expected relapse. Mitoxantrone had a particularly favorable effect when administered at the site of inoculation of the encephalitogenic antigen and adjuvant, indicating the importance of its interaction with the regional draining lymph nodes. These results support the possible clinical use of mitoxantrone for immunosuppression. PMID- 3491089 TI - The development of anti-interleukin-2 antibodies in patients treated with recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2). AB - Approximately 65% (11/17) of cancer patients participating in an ongoing Phase I clinical trial with recombinant interleukin-2 developed nonneutralizing serum IgG anti-interleukin-2 antibodies within 1 month of initiating therapy. These antibodies could be detected using any of several standard techniques including immunoblots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Western blot analysis and retention experiments with protein A-Sepharose indicate that the antibodies are specific for interleukin-2. The interleukin-2 mutein utilized in this clinical trial (des-ala-ser125 r-IL-2) differs from the major species of the human T cell derived lymphokine in that it lacks the N-terminal alanine of the native molecule, is not glycosylated, and possesses a serine-cysteine substitution at position 125. Another recombinant interleukin-2, identical to the mutein except that it retains the cysteine at position 125 (des-ala-cys125 r-IL-2), strongly competes with the mutein in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, suggesting that the amino acid substitution is not responsible for the recognition of the molecule by serum antibodies. Conversely, nonrecombinant T cell-derived interleukin-2 fails to compete in these assays and is not retained by protein A-Sepharose columns when mixed with high-titer antiserum. These results suggest that the anti-interleukin-2 serum antibodies generated in the course of treatment do not react with the nonrecombinant lymphokine but recognize epitopes peculiar to recombinant forms which are not dependent on the amino acid substitution at position 125. The failure of the antibodies to neutralize the biological activity of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) in lymphocyte proliferation assays and to bind to the native lymphokine suggests that they may not affect IL-2-dependent cellular immune functions in vivo. PMID- 3491091 TI - Inducible interleukin-1 gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates many components of generalized host response to injury and may also contribute to local vascular pathology during immune or inflammatory responses. Because altered function of smooth muscle cells (SMC) accompanies certain vascular diseases, we tested whether SMC themselves might produce this hormone. Unstimulated SMC contain little or no IL-1 mRNA. However, exposure to bacterial endotoxin caused accumulation of IL-1 mRNA in SMC cultured from human vessels. Endotoxin maximally increased IL-1 beta mRNA in SMC after 4-6 h. The lowest effective concentration of endotoxin was 10 pg/ml. 10 ng/ml produced maximal increases in IL-1 beta mRNA. Interleukin-1 alpha mRNA was detected when SMC were incubated with endotoxin under "superinduction" conditions with cycloheximide. Endotoxin-stimulated SMC also released biologically functional IL-1, measured as thymocyte costimulation activity inhibitable by anti IL-1 antibody. Thus, human SMC can express IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha genes, or very similar ones, and secrete biologically active product in response to a pathological stimulus. Endogenous local production of this inflammatory mediator by the blood vessel wall's major cell type could play an important early role in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and arteriosclerosis. PMID- 3491094 TI - Light-evoked and kainic-acid-induced disc shedding by rod photoreceptors: differential sensitivity to extracellular calcium. AB - In order to study the light and Ca2+ dependence of disc shedding by rod photoreceptors, we have used eyecups prepared from adult Rana pipiens frogs that had been kept in constant light for 4 days. Disc shedding was initiated by a treatment involving 1 hour of darkness followed by exposure to light or by treatment with kainic acid. Maximal L-evoked disc shedding occurred quickly (within 30-60 minutes) after light onset and could be triggered by brief (15 minutes) exposure to light. L-evoked disc shedding was completely blocked by omission of Ca2+ from culture medium or by treatment with 3mM Co2+ or 12 mM Mg2+ in the presence of Ca2+ (2 mM). The response was also blocked by the organic Ca2+ antagonist nifedipine. Experiments designed to distinguish between Ca2+ dependence of the dark- or light-dependent processes necessary for shedding suggest that voltage-sensitive channels mediate a Ca2+-dependent process involved in light-triggering. Kainic acid caused a dose-dependent stimulation of disc shedding under lighting conditions (continuous culture in light or darkness) that did not normally result in a significant response in the absence of the drug. Disc shedding induced by kainic acid was similar in time course and magnitude to that induced by light. However, kainic-acid-induced disc shedding was not inhibited by medium Ca2+ reduction or by the presence of Co2+. The latter observation suggests that kainic acid activates disc shedding directly, by passing the Ca2+-dependent process involved in the L-evoked response. The Ca2+ dependent process may involve release of an effector of disc shedding that is mimicked by kainic acid. PMID- 3491092 TI - Involvement of large plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers and unusually large vWF forms derived from endothelial cells in shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. AB - A fluid shear stress of 180 dyn/cm2 was applied for 0.5 and 5 min to platelets in citrated plasma or blood in a cone and plate viscometer with minimal platelet surface interactions. Platelets aggregated in the shear field if large von Willebrand Factor (vWF) multimers were present. Aggregation did not require ristocetin, other exogenous agents, or desialation of vWF. Unusually large vWF multimers produced by human endothelial cells were functionally more effective than the largest plasma vWF forms in supporting shear-induced aggregation. Shear induced aggregation was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to platelet glycoprotein Ib or the IIb/IIIa complex, but was little affected by the absence of fibrinogen. vWF-dependent platelet aggregation under elevated shear stress in partially occluded vessels of the arterial microcirculation may contribute to thrombosis, especially if unusually large vWF multimers are released locally from stimulated or disrupted endothelial cells. PMID- 3491093 TI - Mechanism of activation of coagulation factor XI by factor XIIa studied with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The interaction of Factor XIIa with Factor XI was investigated using two monoclonal antibodies, one (3Cl) directed against the heavy chain of Factor XIa and the other (5F4) against its light chain. 3C1 either as intact IgG or as Fab' fragment, enhanced the rate of Factor XIa generation in the fluid phase but inhibited it in the presence of kaolin and high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen. In contrast, the Fab' fragments of 5F4 inhibited only the fluid phase activation and had no effect on the surface-mediated activation. 3C1 was found to block the binding of Factor XI to HMW kininogen, whereas 5F4 did not. We conclude: a domain on the heavy chain region of Factor XI is essential for binding to HMW kininogen and for optimal surface-mediated activation by Factor XIIa; and binding of 3C1 to Factor XI changes its conformation rendering it a more favorable substrate for Factor XIIa in the fluid phase. PMID- 3491095 TI - Partial defects of cell-mediated immunity in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. AB - Different parameters of cell-mediated immunity, including natural cytotoxic reactions, were studied in nine patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis with or without cutaneous malignancy. We found decreased total number of T lymphocytes and T-helper cells in peripheral blood of the patients, and normal T suppressor cell number, as detected by monoclonal antibody typing and functional E-rosette test with the use of theophylline. This decrease was found both in active and in late rosette-forming cell subpopulations. Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be increased in four of nine patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, whereas antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was within the normal range in all patients studied. Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis assay, which is a sensitive test for the estimation of the immunocompetence of lymphoid cells, revealed increased angiogenic capability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the majority of the patients. Our results suggest that cellular defects in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis did not relate to all functions of the immune system. PMID- 3491097 TI - A brief family intervention with an adolescent referred for drug taking. AB - This paper is a description of three family sessions with parents and their 19 year old and 17 year old sons. Their GP had referred the older son to the Family Institute, Cardiff as an "urgent" case saying that the son was taking LSD and cannabis and spending periods of time away from home. The paper argues in favour of a "non-pathological" approach to some adolescents who are on the brink of receiving serious psychiatric labels. PMID- 3491098 TI - Food cariogenicity in Americans aged from 9 to 29 years assessed in a national cross-sectional survey, 1971-74. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the probability of having high DMFT scores and reported consumption of eight food groups. The sample included Americans (aged from 9 to 29 years) examined during the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1971 and 1974. Analysis was restricted to comparing those individuals having DMFT scores equal to or above the 80th percentile of the DMFT distribution with those having scores equal to or below the 20th percentile of the distribution. The strongest discriminator between the low- and high-DMFT groups was the between meal consumption of table sugars and syrups. The between-meal consumption of sugary desserts was also significantly associated with high DMFT scores. Foods to which table sugars are usually added before consumption, such as coffee, chocolate, and tea drinks, were associated with high DMFT scores in the bivariate analysis. When the same-day consumption of table sugars and syrups was accounted for, the associations became nonsignificant. The reported consumption of breakfast cereals, bread, fruit juices, ice cream, and nuts and crackers was not associated with high DMFT scores, perhaps because they were consumed only infrequently. PMID- 3491096 TI - PET, CT, and MR imaging in cerebrovascular disease. AB - Forty-five patients with cerebrovascular disease (single and multiple infarcts, intracerebral hemorrhages) were examined with X-ray CT, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET). In six patients with acute infarcts repeat measurements with all techniques were performed after 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance and PET were more sensitive in the detection of ischemic lesions than X-ray CT. With PET, functional disturbances could be demonstrated even in two cases where CT and MR were normal, while the latter techniques were superior in exactly localizing a lesion. Changes in lesion appearance with time were observed with all techniques, and the pathophysiologically important phenomena of hyperperfusion or hypermetabolism were documented in four infarcts with PET. PMID- 3491099 TI - Should airline pilots be eligible to resume active flight status after coronary bypass surgery?: a CASS registry study. AB - Medical certification to return to work after coronary bypass surgery in occupations that carry a risk to public safety is controversial, particularly for airline pilots. To address this issue, 10,312 patients from the CASS registry who underwent coronary bypass surgery were studied and 2,326 men with clinical and postoperative characteristics similar to those of the average airline pilot who might apply to renew his license after surgery were selected. The 5 year probability of remaining free of an acute cardiac event, defined as acute coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction or sudden death, was 0.92 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SE) for the 1,207 men without previous myocardial infarction and 0.98 +/- 0.01 for the 122 men who never smoked and did not have a history of hypertension. Among the 1,119 men with a previous myocardial infarction, the probability of remaining free of acute cardiac events was 0.91 +/- 0.02 and 0.92 +/- 0.02 when left ventricular contraction score was 5 to 9 and 10 or greater, respectively. In this patient subgroup, mortality rate was similar to that of the age-matched U.S. male population when the left ventricular contraction score was 5 to 9 (4.0% versus 4.3%; p = NS) but significantly worse when the left ventricular contraction score was 10 or greater (7% versus 4.2%; p = 0.05). The data from this CASS registry study are pertinent to the question of operationally unlimited first-class medical certification of carefully selected airline pilots after coronary bypass surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491100 TI - Studies of the cellular infiltrate of chronic idiopathic urticaria: prominence of T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and mast cells. AB - We have used a panel of monoclonal antibodies and enzyme histochemistry in order to characterize further the perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate found in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Biotinylated anti-mouse immunoglobulin was exposed to avidin-biotin-peroxidase-labeled complex followed by peroxidase development in order to detect binding of monoclonal antibodies. The mean percent staining obtained for 12 patients with chronic urticaria was 47% T-lymphocytes, 22% monocytes (14% by alpha-naphthyl acid esterase), and 11% mast cells. B lymphocytes were not detectable, and approximately 20% of cells could not be identified. Although patients varied greatly in the ratio of Leu 3a positive helper-inducer T cells to T8 positive cytotoxic-suppressor cells, the average of all patients was not significantly different from the T4/T8 ratio in plasma. Our results suggest that the infiltrate resembles that observed in cellular immune reactions (although no antigen has been identified) and that interaction of T lymphocytes and/or monocytes with mast cells to cause mediator release appears likely. PMID- 3491102 TI - Soft extended wear patient management. AB - The following is a report of my experience with extended wear patient management describing six major problem areas. Sound clinical practice, both by the contact lens practitioner and his or her staff, will keep these problems to a minimum. The importance of different pieces of consulting room and technical equipment is emphasized. Details are given of techniques used by the technician, as well as their effects on lens parameters. I suggest a method of building up a cost effective fitting bank and a method of recording before and after cleaning. PMID- 3491101 TI - Circulating immune complexes: their biologic and clinical significance. PMID- 3491103 TI - Acquired color vision defects and self monitoring of blood sugar in diabetics. AB - Color vision defects are common in diabetic patients and may precede visible retinal changes. More severe retinopathy is generally associated with more severe color vision defects. Many diabetics err when making color comparisons using self monitoring techniques. Optometrists can play an important role in diabetes patient management by monitoring color vision defects and making patients aware of problems or potential problems in self monitoring. Care must be taken in color vision evaluation as the most frequent acquired color vision defect in diabetics is a blue-yellow axis defect. Most commonly employed color vision tests are not sensitive in detecting this defect. PMID- 3491104 TI - Location of cardiac vagal preganglionic cell bodies in the bullfrog. AB - The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, provides a relatively simple model for study of the cardiac innervation. The present study located the origin of cardiac vagal preganglionic cell bodies in the frog with the retrograde tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was injected subepicardially over the surface of atrial regions and along the major vessels exiting the heart. labeled cell bodies in the brainstem were confined to the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal-vagal complex, from approximately 1.5 mm caudal to 1.5 mm rostral to the calamus scriptorius (obex). Brainstem neurons were labeled ipsilateral to the intact vagus nerve when unilateral vagotomy was performed at the time of HRP injection. No labeled somata were identified in the spinal cord. Comparison of the cardiac pool of neurons with the population of neurons labeled after injection of HRP directly into the cervical vagus nerve demonstrated that cardiac preganglionic neurons are localized to the caudal region of the vagal neuron pool and that there are no dimensional differences between the two populations in terms of major and minor diameters. PMID- 3491105 TI - Effect of maternal urethane administration on the manifestation of cleft lip and palate in CL/Fr mice. AB - To determine whether the administration of urethane also decreases the associated cleft palate in CL/Fr mice, pregnant CL/Fr mice (30% of their offspring have spontaneous cleft lip with associated cleft palate [CL/P]) were treated with various doses of urethane on different days of pregnancy. In the groups treated with 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg urethane on day 9 of pregnancy, the frequency of CL/P decreased with the dose to 18%, 14%, and 11% of term fetuses, respectively. In the group treated with 1,000 mg/kg urethane on day 9, the frequency of CL/P decreased to 6%, but isolated cleft palate (CP) was observed in 23% of term fetuses. Most fetuses in the same group had severe tail anomaly (absence of tail or stub tail), and showed marked loss in body weight. The CP observed in the group treated with 1,000 mg/kg urethane on day 9 might possibly be due to the teratogenicity of the drug. PMID- 3491106 TI - Morphogenesis of hypoxia-induced cleft lip in CL/Fr mice. AB - Cleft lip with or without associated cleft palate [CL(P)], one of the most common human malformations, is in most cases, believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown that maternal respiratory hypoxia (10% O2) increases the incidence of CL(P) from the spontaneous level of 36% to 89% in CL/Fr mice. The current investigation was designed to study, morphologically, the developmental alterations of the primary palate primordia in CL/Fr embryos, following a reduction in maternal respiratory oxygen levels. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to compare the development of 35-43 somite hypoxia and control (normoxia) embryos. Hypoxia increased the incidence of resorptions and increased the incidence of CL(P) in viable embryos, compared to normoxia. Debris, most of which was limited to the deeper aspects of the invaginating nasal placode, was present in hypoxia embryos at stages prior to primary palate fusion and was absent in comparably staged normoxia embryos. It is believed that this debris is cellular in nature and that associated retardation of placodal invagination is primarily responsible for the increased incidence of CL(P). Other effects on morphogenesis and/or growth retardation may also be contributing factors. PMID- 3491107 TI - Effects of ethanol on the cytoskeleton of migrating and differentiating neural crest cells: possible role in teratogenesis. AB - Neural crest mesenchyme participates in the formation of craniofacial structures that are malformed in the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We studied the effects of continuous ethanol treatment (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%) on developing neural crest cells in vitro. These cells migrate, but many fail to develop their usual arborized dendrites. Exposure of well differentiated dendritically arborized cells to ethanol only on day 6 for 2 hr and 20 min results in rapid cell retraction and alteration in cell-to-cell contacts. Longer treatment causes loss of substratum adhesion. Monoclonal antibodies against tubulin and actin reveal that these ethanol-induced morphological changes are related to disruption of microtubules and microfilaments. Thus ethanol may exert at least part of its teratogenic effect by interferring with the structure and function of the cytoskeleton. PMID- 3491108 TI - Epigenetically regulated genomic expressions for shortened stature and cleft palate are regionally specific in the 11-day mouse embryo. AB - Chronokinetic synergism, a holistic and extremely sensitive experimental design, has shown in the mouse embryo that site-specific epigenetic forces differentially regulate genesis of the palate (cleft palate) and limb bud organogenesis (shortened stature). Acute exposures of 11-day pregnant mice to minimally effective doses of thymidine or ethanol followed 5 or 8 hr later by minimal exposure to retinoic acid have enabled quantitative and qualitative assay for genomic-epigenetic interactions. These site-specific morphogenetic regulations occurred during palatal genesis from the maxillary prominence of the first pharyngeal arch and during limb bud prechondrogenesis. Thymidine is presumed to induce its response by inhibition of DNA polymerase and hence by transitory cytostatic block. (Embryo size was not detectably changed). Ethanol is interpreted, guilt by associated response, indirectly to interfere with histone regulation of transcription. Two central findings have demonstrated the coordinated regulation of genomic and epigenetic positional information. First, thymidine or ethanol as epigenetic probes for limb prechondrogenesis and palatal precursor cells have activated distinctive site-specific responses. Second, responses to chronokinetic synergisms have indicated that epigenetic regulators for limb and palate dysmorphogenesis may affect distinctly different phases of the cell division cycle and hence induce differential DNA expressions. Although each of palate and limb is concurrently susceptible to epigenetic regulation, their differential intrinsic genomic capabilities appear to have been uncoupled. The putative homeostatic balance of genomic expressions in the palate precursor and the prechondrogenic limb bud cells of the 11-day mouse embryo has been characterized as epigenetically regulated, alternatively expressed, and positionally restricted. We propose that the chronokinetic synergisms have disclosed the existence of distinctive palate-determining genes and stature determining genes. PMID- 3491109 TI - Origins and patterning of craniofacial mesenchymal tissues. AB - Three mesenchymal tissues participate in the formation of orofacial tissues; these are the neural crest, paraxial mesoderm, and lateral mesoderm. Interactions both among these populations and between them and surrounding epithelial tissues are an essential feature of facial development. Perturbation of these interactions may result in craniofacial malformations and dysmorphologies. This review outlines the origins and early morphogenetic movements of each of the three mesenchymal populations, then describes experiments which reveal some of the interactions that control their development. Spatial organization within cephalic mesenchyme is manifest initially in connective tissue precursors. In the facial region these are derived from the neural crest; in contrast, much of the neurocranium is derived from paraxial mesoderm. Most crest populations become spatially programmed prior to their emergence from the neuroepithelium, presumably during the primary induction of the neural plate. As they migrate to form the branchial arches, the crest populations bring spatial information to these peripheral regions. Connective tissue-forming populations within cephalic paraxial mesoderm display a similar inherent spatial programming, but it is not known when or how they acquire this information. PMID- 3491111 TI - Stage specific response of the mesenchyme to excess vitamin A in developing rat facial processes. AB - The effects of excess retinol (vitamin A alcohol) on facial process formation were examined in cultured rat embryos. The embryos were explanted at day 11 of gestation (plug day = 0) and cultured for up to the 50-somite stage in rat serum containing added 1 microgram/ml or 10 micrograms/ml retinol. The reduction in outgrowth of facial processes was observed in 1-microgram/ml-retinol-treated embryos and this type of malformation was found to be more severe in 10 micrograms/ml-retinol-treated embryos. Histological findings of 10-micrograms/ml retinol-treated embryos at the 50-somite stage showed that the nasal epithelium was developed but folded. In the mesenchyme, there were necrotic cells. Thymidine incorporation by mesenchymal cells of facial processes was determined. At the 50 somite stage, the uptake was decreased to 66.4% of control value at 1 microgram/ml retinol, whereas the addition of the same dose of retinol did not cause the inhibition at the 36-, 40-, and 42-somite stages. The uptake at the 50 somite stage was decreased to 23.0% as a result of the 10 micrograms/ml retinol treatment. Furthermore, the effects of cartilage-derived factor (CDF) on the facial mesenchyme were examined; 20 micrograms/ml of CDF stimulated the 3H thymidine incorporation in facial mesenchyme, especially after the 42-somite stage. By the addition of 10 micrograms/ml retinol, the incorporation decreased to 45.7% at the 38-somite stage, but it did not decline with concomitant use of CDF after the 38-somite stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491110 TI - Quantitative analysis of the effect of retinoids on facial morphogenesis. AB - Retinoids have been applied to stage 20 chick embryos by using beads that act as controlled release carriers. With beads soaked in high concentrations of all trans-retinoic acid, the face, in addition to the wing, is affected. Severe bilateral clefting of the primary palate results; the upper beak is completely missing, whereas the lower beak is unaffected. By using a scoring system that quantitates the severity of the upper beak defect, dose-response curves have been obtained. With beads soaked in progressively higher concentrations of retinoic acid, the upper beaks are increasingly truncated. The synthetic retinoid TTNPB also causes beak defects and is 30 times more potent than all-trans-retinoic acid. By removing beads soaked in retinoids at different times after implantation, the effect of varying the length of exposure of the developing face to retinoids has been examined. The production of beak defects is a two-step process and only a short exposure to retinoid is required to produce clefting. There are striking similarities in the dose-time relationships of retinoid treatments that are required to bring about beak defects and pattern changes in the limb. The outgrowth and development of spatially defined patterns of connective tissue within the upper beak appear analogous to processes involved in limb morphogenesis. We propose that retinoids may act by the same mechanisms in both systems. An unsolved puzzle is why retinoids specifically affect the development of the upper beak. PMID- 3491112 TI - Palatal width growth rates as the genetic determinant of cleft palate induced by vitamin A. AB - While many studies have demonstrated sexual dimorphism and racial variation (Mongoloid greater than Caucasian greater than Black) in the incidence of palatal clefting, only generalized statements have been made concerning the causal mechanism (eg, "genetic propensity"). The present study tests the hypothesis that the more rapid the growth rate of the width of the facial skeleton, the higher the incidence of palatal clefting, given a uniform environmental insult. Two strains of pregnant rats with differing rates of craniofacial development (Wistar fast and Sprague-Dawley-slow) were injected prenatally with high doses of vitamin A (300,000 IU/kg) on days 10-13 gestation. Fetuses were examined at 20 d prenatally and the incidence of palatal clefting was recorded. A significantly higher (P less than .05) incidence of palatal clefting was noted in the more rapidly developing strain (66% vs 81%). These results support statements by Fraser and others who suggest that head width and palatal clefting are causally related. The "genetic propensity" in this case, then, is the rate of palatal width development. PMID- 3491113 TI - Isotretinoin-induced craniofacial malformations in humans and hamsters. AB - Oral administration of 40-80 mg/d of isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid, Ro 4 3780, Accutane) during the first month of human pregnancy can induce severe congenital malformation. The human Accutane dysmorphic syndrome includes rudimentary external ears, absent or imperforate auditory canals, a triangular microcephalic skull, cleft palate, depressed midface, and anomalies of the brain, jaw, and heart. Children who suffer from this syndrome have large occiputs with narrowing of the frontal bone. Microphthalmia is reported in two cases; notations are made about the orbits in three cases; and the fact that infants could not follow with their eyes is noted in three cases. A decrease in muscle tone is noted in six, cleft palate is present in four, and limb reduction defects are described in two. The cardiac malformations usually include overriding aorta, interrupted or hypoplastic aortic arch, and septation defects of atria and ventricles. There are at least two cases of abnormal origin of the subclavian arteries. Oral isotretinoin in the pregnant hamster also induces similar congenital malformations. A human case of isotretinoin-induced dysmorphia is presented and compared with other affected infants and affected hamsters. The metabolic fate and pharmacokinetic parameters of isotretinoin in humans and rodents are discussed in relation to the teratogenic response. The results suggest that humans are approximately 16 times more sensitive to the teratogenic effects of oral isotretinoin than are hamsters. PMID- 3491114 TI - Craniofacial and oral malformations in an autopsy population of Japanese human fetuses and newborns. AB - A review of the autopsy records of the Department of Pathology of Nagasaki University and the Department of Geneticopathology of Hiroshima University from 1944 through 1982 revealed that during this period there were 11,050 cases of fetuses and newborns, including 432 cases with craniofacial and oral malformations and 22 cases with amniogenous malformations. Among the cranial malformations, there were 202 (46.8%) anencephaly cases, 38 (8.8%) holoprosencephaly, 28 (6.48%) hydrocephaly, 27 (6.25%) meningoencephalocele, and 13 other cranial malformations (seven microcephaly and two each of macrocephaly, dolichocephaly, and iniencephaly). Among the oral malformations, there were 25 (5.78%) cleft lip cases, 23 (5.32%) cleft palate, and 76 (17.6%) cleft lip and palate. Among the facial malformations, there were 12 (2.78%) anomicrophthalmia cases, 37 (8.56%) ear malformations, 15 (3.47%) micrognathia, and 8 (1.85%) nose malformations. One cranial malformation was found that was complicated with anencephaly and holoprosencephaly. Of 307 cranial malformations, 38 (12.4%) were complicated with oral malformations and 4 (4.6%) with facial malformations. Among the 124 cases of oral malformations, 38 (30.6%) were complicated with cranial malformations. The complicating cranial malformations were anencephaly in 16 cases, holoprosencephaly in seven, hydrocephaly in six, meningoencephalocele in seven, other cranial malformations in two, and with facial malformations in 19 cases. Among the 72 cases of facial malformations, 14 were complicated with cranial malformations and 19 with oral malformations. Four cases showed three or more cranial, facial, and/or oral malformations at the same time. Recently, experimental embryological studies have shown that the neural crest cell-derived mesectoderm participates largely in the morphogenesis of the face and the cardiovascular system. It may be said that neural crest cells are deeply involved in the teratogenesis. PMID- 3491115 TI - Liability to cleft palate in trisomy 19 mouse embryos. AB - A mouse model is available which permits both the measurement of the underlying liability for cleft palate and the induction of trisomic states. By using this model the palate development has been investigated and compared in normal and trisomic embryos. These studies indicate that palate development of trisomy 19 embryos is significantly delayed compared to that of their normal littermates. Furthermore, the delay in palate development observed in trisomy 19 embryos is in direct relationship with the observed pattern of palate development in normal littermates. This suggests that the increased expression of major congenital malformations associated with aneuploidy is due to a change in their underlying liability. PMID- 3491116 TI - Observations about the normal and abnormal embryogenesis of the canine lip and palate. AB - Twenty-three puppies with cranofacial and limb abnormalities from a family of Australian shepherd dogs were studied anatomically. Limb abnormalities included lumbar scoliosis, short malformed tibias and fibulas, and polydactyly. Craniofacial abnormalities consisted of retronathia, cleft palate, and cleft lip. The clefts can be separated into three categories: group I, cleft of the secondary palate associated with a midline cleft lip; group II, unilateral cleft of the lip and primary and secondary palate; and group III, complete bilateral cleft of the lip and primary and secondary palate. Comparing human clefts with the canine clefts suggests that the development of the secondary palate is similar whereas the development of the upper lip is different. In the dog, the maxillary processes fuse in the midline to produce the majority of the upper lip, whereas in the human the upper lip is composed of fused maxillary and medial nasal processes. PMID- 3491117 TI - Craniofacial growth during human secondary palate formation and potential relevance of experimental cleft palate observations. AB - Although formation of the secondary palate is known to involve a complex sequence of developmental events, current concepts of palatal clefting emphasize alterations in the palatal shelves. The objective of this study was to identify similarities in facial growth and palatal formation in man and in rodent experimental models and to examine mechanisms of experimentally induced cleft palate that might be relevant to human clefting. Morphometric analyses of facial growth changes reveal similar patterns of mandibular prominence, head extension, and increased oronasal cavity vertical dimension during secondary palate development, with more pronounced changes in the human. Experimental studies of induced cleft palate in rats and mice show that interference with growth changes can contribute to cleft palate. Failure of palatal shelves to make contact, often associated with delayed horizontal movement, has been observed with increased tongue obstruction secondarily to mandibular retrognathia after either growth inhibition in Meckel's cartilage or morphologic deformation of Meckel's cartilage. In other experiments, failure of adequate shelf contact has been observed with reduced shelf growth or with altered craniofacial relations associated with abnormally flexed head posture resulting from fetal growth abnormalities or oligohydramnios. The results of these studies show that the etiology of cleft palate malformation can be related to interference with a number of different development events not immediately in the palatal shelves. Similar alterations of craniofacial growth that affect the palate secondarily appear to be associated with etiology of cleft palate in human syndromes such as Pierre Robin syndrome and the oligohydramnios syndrome. PMID- 3491118 TI - Studies on phosphatidylinositol metabolism and dexamethasone inhibition of proliferation of human palatal mesenchyme cells. AB - The relationship between dexamethasone (DEX)-induced phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover and inhibition of cell proliferation was investigated in human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells in culture. Evidence based on studies with the partial glucocorticoid agonist cortexolone suggests both the PI response and the inhibition of proliferation are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. The role of PI turnover in the mechanism of DEX-inhibited HEPM cell proliferation was investigated using two agents that stimulated PI turnover (serum and platelet derived growth factor) and one that did not stimulate PI turnover (epidermal growth factor). DEX partially inhibited both serum-induced and platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of HEPM but not epidermal growth factor induced proliferation. These results suggest that DEX-induced alteration of PI metabolism may be involved in the mechanism by which DEX inhibits proliferation of cultured HEPM cells and results in cleft palate formation in rodents. PMID- 3491119 TI - Fate of unfused medial edge epithelia in rat fetuses with experimentally induced cleft palate: I. From 16.3 to 17.7 days of gestation. AB - The fate of unfused medial edge epithelia (MEE) was studied in rat (Sprague Dawley) fetuses with experimentally induced cleft palate. Clefting was the result of amniotic sac puncture and the age of fetuses was individually determined ( = MA-age). The MEE (at five selected areas), the oral palatal, and the nasal septum epithelia of six specimens (with individual ages of 16.3, 16.8, 16.9, 17.0, 17.5, and 17.7 days) were illustrated by scanning electron and light microscopy. At day 16.3 of MA-age, the MEE was covered with cells of a regular shape. In the anterior elevation area, visible signs of cell death and surface alterations could not be observed until day 17.7. In the middle elevation area, a small region of exposed mesenchyme occurred at the level of the first and second rugae between day 16.9 and 17.5 of MA-age. At day 17.7, reepithelialization was complete. In the posterior elevation area and the anterior and posterior soft palate area, a narrow band of surface alterations (ie, surface accumulations of cell blebs, filopodial-like structures, and loss of villi-like cell boundaries) appeared cranial to a thickened termination of the hard palate epithelium between days 16.9 and 17.7 of MA-age. The residual MEE remained undifferentiated until day 17.5 of MA-age. At this point in time, small ciliated cells appeared in the MEE-domain near the borderline to the nasal epithelium. It is concluded that the fate of the unfused MEE differs in the various areas located along the anteroposterior shelf axis, so-called "programmed cell death" is restricted to a small zone in the middle elevation area, surface alterations observed along the thickened termination of the oral palate epithelium possibly reflect phenomena of epithelial rearrangement between the latter and the undifferentiated MEE, and the MEE remains undifferentiated, at least until day 17.5 of MA-age. PMID- 3491120 TI - Acalvaria, holoprosencephaly, and facial dysmorphism syndrome. AB - An estimated 85-day-old human fetus exhibited a malformation complex consisting of holoprosencephaly, absent calvaria, exophthalmic hypertelorism, and severe bilateral midfacial orofacial clefting involving the maxillary/frontonasal prominences (oblique facial clefts), upper lip (bilateral clefts), and palate (complete cleft). This combination of dysplasias precludes assignment to previously described syndrome complexes. The presence of an olfactory nerve/ethmoidal bone complex does not conform with "classic holoprosencephaly," nor does acalvaria without cerebral dysraphism fit into the cranioschisis and exencephaly syndromes. It is postulated that this combination of anomalies is due to faulty embryogenesis of the prechordal cephalic mesenchyme, leading to failure of telencephalic cleavage and of neural crest-mediated development of the calvaria and facial prominences. PMID- 3491122 TI - Relative contributions of the facial processes to facial development: a microsurgical assay. AB - The facial processes, which consist of the medial nasal process (MNP), the lateral nasal process (LNP), and the maxillary process (MP), are basal components in facial morphogenesis, especially upper lip formation. To examine the relative role of each facial process in normal or abnormal facial development, rat embryos that had had a part of each facial process excised were cultured for 72 hr in vitro from gestational day 11.5 (plug day = day 0). At the termination of culture, although the epithelial wound was healed over, the defect was observed corresponding to excised region in form. Only in the MNP-excised group was cleft liplike malformation observed, but in other groups this malformation was absent or at a lower rate. This suggests that the medial nasal process in this stage plays a critical role in normal facial development as well as cleft lip formation. PMID- 3491121 TI - Mandibular-morphogenesis gene linked to the H-2 complex in mice. AB - The shapes of mandibles from mice of a group of H-2 congenic strains are compared to that of their C57BL/6By background strain. One congenic strain carries a passenger gene that evokes an elongation of the dorsal reach of the condylar process as does an H-2 recombinant congenic strain derived from it. Two other independently derived H-2 congenic strains do not carry such a gene. This indicates that the effective gene resides outside of and on the centromeric side of the H-2 complex on chromosome 17. Reiterated tests demonstrate the reproducibility of this type of genetic analysis. PMID- 3491123 TI - Appearance of a unique cell type in the fusion sites of facial processes. AB - The contact sites between the medial and lateral nasal processes during the period of facial formation of the mouse embryo were examined by light and electron microscopy. Characteristic superficial cells were observed at the transitional regions between the surface ectoderms and the nasal epithelia at the end of the isthmus, where the initial contact of the opposing nasal processes took place. At the later stage the contact sites extended to the bottom of the ravine formed by the two nasal processes, where the superficial cells always seemed to bridge the area between the nasal processes. These superficial cells had a large, clear nucleus and abundant cytoplasm as well as the common structural features characteristic of the embryonic cells. These cells were also observed on the surface near the contact site in the presumptive fusion area. These observations suggest that these superficial cells play a critical role in the epithelial adhesion of the medial and lateral nasal processes throughout the fusion. PMID- 3491124 TI - Major histocompatibility complex influences reproductive efficiency: evolutionary implications. AB - Measurements of six reproductive characteristics revealed differences in seven congenic mouse strains with genetic differences in H-2, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Associations between reproductive efficiency and MHC has evolutionary implications. One association explains the uneven distribution and heterozygosity of MHC alleles in wild mouse and human populations. The second is based on links between MHC and hormonal sensitivities that regulate an individual's responses to the environment. MHC may be a seat of genotypic-environmental interactions that guide natural selection. PMID- 3491125 TI - Major genes that cause cleft lip in mice: progress in the construction of a congenic strain and in linkage mapping. AB - The major gene that causes cleft lip in the A/WySn mouse strain is being transferred to the unrelated normal AEJ/GnRk strain background by the backcross testcross method. The result, a congenic strain pair differing only at the major cleft lip locus and closely linked loci, will allow the unequivocal identification of the genetic lesion that causes cleft lip. Four backcross generations have been completed, and the background geneotype is calculated to be 97% of AEJ/GnRk origin. The recovery of the cleft lip trait in testcrosses of each generation is compatible with the expected values for the transfer of a single major gene with 8% penetrance. Multilocus inheritance beyond two loci is ruled out. In separate experiments using mostly Robertsonian chromosomes as markers of the normal allele at the cleft lip locus, portions of the genome have been screened for the map location of the cleft lip gene. The gene is probably not within 10-20 cM of the centromere of 12 different identified autosomal chromosomes nor linked to Ph on chromosome 5. Previous studies have suggested that the cleft lip gene is not linked to c (chromosome 7), b (chromosome 4), d (chromosome 9), T, H-2 (chromosome 17), or N (chromosome 15). PMID- 3491126 TI - Major gene determination of liability to spontaneous cleft lip in the mouse. AB - Two genetic analyses suggested that the spontaneous and low frequency trait of cleft lip (primary palate) in the mouse is determined either by a recessive gene at one autosomal locus or by two loci with duplicate epistasis. The low frequency trait of open eyelids, which is characteristic of the A/J strain and sometimes reported to be associated with cleft lip as part of a "syndrome," has not been analyzed genetically. A backcross and test-mating study between A/J and C57BL/6J, done originally to define the genetic control of embryonic tolerance to cortisone induced cleft palate (secondary palate), was reanalyzed for the cleft lip and open eyelids traits. Cleft lip frequencies in A/J did not change in dose-response studies of either cortisone- or 6-aminonicotinamide-induced cleft palate; for both teratogens the frequencies of open eyelids differed between doses but did not exhibit any obvious dose response. It appeared that the frequency of 7.6% cleft lip and 17.6% open eyelids in A/J in the genetic study, in which all pregnant A/J test-females were treated with a single dose of cortisone (100 mg/kg, day 12), did reflect the occurrence of the spontaneous traits. Within the A/J strain, the traits were not associated and, as expected on outcrossing to C57BL/6J (A.B6 F1 fetuses), both traits are recessive. Significant bimodality of the cleft lip scores of the BC1 sires (BC2 fetuses), test-mated with A/J, suggested that liability to cleft lip is determined by a single autosomal recessive gene. The distribution of open eyelids scores of the BC1 sires did not differ from one normal distribution, and this trait is, therefore, controlled by more than one genetic locus with additivity between loci. Cleft lip and open eyelids segregated independently and do not form a syndrome, in A/J, with one underlying genetic cause. There was no association between cleft lip and three autosomal marker genes, brown (b, chromosome 4), albinism (c, chromosome 7) and H 2 (chromosome 17), or the genetically independent tolerance traits of cortisone- and 6-aminonicotinamide-induced cleft palate. There was significant association between open eyelids and albinism (c) that is in a direction suggesting linkage or pleiotropy. Whether liability of the embryo to cleft lip is determined by one or two genes may be solved by a concerted effort to map the trait; a marker gene will be the key to further analysis of its cause. PMID- 3491127 TI - Major gene determination of liability to cleft lip with or without cleft palate: a multiracial view. AB - Despite nearly half a century of intensive investigation, the etiology of non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) remains unknown because most studies have been descriptive rather than analytic. This study summarizes rigorous analyses of CL +/- P in the families of non-syndromic, CL +/- P surgical probands from three populations: Denmark, London, England, and Shanghai, China. Three main conclusions could be drawn from the results. The data provide no support for the multifactorial threshold model summarized by Carter (1976) and most often proposed to explain the etiology of CL +/- P. Each dataset provides evidence that there may be a major gene for liability to CL +/- P in at least a portion of cases. The data are consistent with possible genetic heterogeneity in CL +/- P. PMID- 3491128 TI - Genetic epidemiology and control of genetic expression in van der Woude syndrome. AB - By three pedigree and statistical criteria van der Woude syndrome (VWS) appears to have been underreported and frequently not diagnosed. Eight percent of gene carriers are not diagnosed because they are nonpenetrant. But among penetrant gene carriers as many as 80% may not have been recognized in the past. A direct estimate of incidence of VWS is 3.6/100,000 births; indirect estimates are more than double that. The relative risk of inheriting a cleft from an affected parent is 22.43%; the risk of inheriting lip pits only, or being nonpenetrant is 27.57%. (This corrects a similar statement in the abstract of Burdick et al [J Craniofacial Genet Dev Biol 5:181-208, 1985], which was incorrectly calculated). The idea of unitary control of the action of the VWS gene in the three target tissues appears not to be supported. Rather, we tend to support the idea that the gene is controlled independently in the three tissues. Indications of a family at risk are listed and discussed. PMID- 3491129 TI - The effect of benziodarone on the thyroid hormone levels and the pituitary thyroid axis. AB - The effect of benziodarone on the levels of thyroid hormones in the serum has not attracted interest, in spite of the prolific literature on the related drug amiodarone. It is shown here that benziodarone administration has several effects, mainly similar to amiodarone, but some possibly opposite and inappropriate. Nine normal volunteers received benziodarone, 100 mg three times daily for 14 days. Before and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after continuous administration the following estimates were obtained: serum T4, T3, rT3 and TSH, both basal (TSH0) and 30 min after iv administration of TRH (TSH30), the difference being calculated as delta TSH. Serum T4 remained relatively constant. Serum T3 decreased significantly from the 1st to the 14th day (eg. before 2.15 +/- 0.12 nmol/l, at 3 days 1.45 +/- 0.07). Serum rT3 increased significantly from the 1st to the 14th day (eg. before 0.71 +/- 0.16 nmol/l, at 7 days 2.61 +/- 0.19). Serum TSH0 and TSH30 decreased significantly on the 1st and 3rd day. Later they increased, and TSH0 at 14 days was significantly higher than the pre-treatment value. Our results suggest that benziodarone has an amiodarone-like action in diverting the peripheral metabolism of T4 towards rT3 rather than T3. However, the effects on the pituitary-thyroid axis are not similar to those previously reported by others and ourselves about amiodarone, and these merit further research. PMID- 3491130 TI - Could alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency have any role in the development of celiac sprue after gastric operations? AB - We report a 50-year-old woman with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (PiSZ phenotype) who developed clinical features of malabsorption after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The intestinal biopsy demonstrated total villous atrophy with hypertrophy of the crypts. After gluten withdrawal, digestive function and the appearance of the intestinal biopsy returned to normal. We raise the possibility of an association between alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and celiac sprue. PMID- 3491131 TI - Chylous cyst of the transverse colon. AB - A patient, who proved to have a chylous cyst of the colon, presented with bright red rectal bleeding and an abnormality on barium enema suggesting a colonic polyp. We review such an unusual presentation and other reported cases. PMID- 3491132 TI - Acute ileal variceal hemorrhage secondary to esophageal sclerotherapy. PMID- 3491133 TI - Genomic organization of T cell gamma genes in human peripheral blood natural killer cells. PMID- 3491134 TI - Cell-sized, supported artificial membranes (pseudocytes): response of precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes to class I MHC proteins. AB - Novel cell-sized, supported artificial membranes bearing class I antigens have been prepared by a simple dialysis procedure and then used to study the requirements for antigen recognition by precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The membranes were made by mixing lipid, H-2 antigen, and C18 alkylated 5 microns silica beads in deoxycholate, and dialyzing to remove the detergent. The H-2 antigen-bearing, cell-sized beads, termed pseudocytes (artificial cells), were able to simulate generation of secondary CTL responses with the same specificity as alloantigen-bearing spleen cells. Comparative analyses demonstrated that the size of an antigen-bearing structure, and thus its potential for multivalent interaction, was a critical determinant of effectiveness of antigen recognition, and showed that H-2 antigen was recognized as effectively on cell-sized beads as on allogeneic spleen cells. Generation of a response to antigen on the cell-sized beads was completely dependent on addition of lymphokines to the cultures. Thus, unlike liposomes, H-2 antigen on beads was not available to accessory cells for stimulation of Ia-dependent production of lymphokines by T helper cells. These results, as well as direct observations by microscopy, strongly indicate that antigen is recognized on the surface of the beads. Despite effective stimulation of secondary CTL responses, antigen on beads was completely inactive in stimulating a primary CTL response by naive spleen cells. The results of mixing experiments by using beads and alloantigen-bearing cells or plasma membrane vesicles indicate that the lack of a primary response may result from a requirement for a soluble factor(s) that is not needed for generation of secondary responses. The unique advantages of cell-size supported membranes for studying antigen recognition by T cells are discussed. The beads can be handled and used like antigen-bearing cells in functional assays, while possessing well defined, readily varied, and easily quantitated composition. PMID- 3491135 TI - Two roles for Ia in antigen-specific T lymphocyte activation. AB - In this study we examined the mechanism by which a PPD-specific murine T cell hybridoma, 8B2, recognized PPD associated with antigen-presenting cells (APC) in a manner genetically restricted by I-Ad. It was found that PPD-pulsed APC that were glutaraldehyde-fixed and treated with anti-Ia monoclonal antibody (abbreviated as PGM) were unable to stimulate the 8B2 T cells, as expected, due to inhibition caused by antibody binding to the Ia. However, addition of non antigen-treated, glutaraldehyde-fixed APC (abbreviated as G) to cultures containing 8B2 T cells and PGM restored T cell activation, as determined by IL 2 production. This second non-antigen-specific function provided by the additional APC, G, was attributed to Ia and could be substituted by APC plasma membranes and by soluble membrane extracts. Genetic restriction analysis in which a variety of Ia-positive and Ia-negative cell lines and B cell blasts from different mouse strains were used as PGM or as G showed that each APC provided different Ia determinants that were specifically recognized by the T cells. PGM cells had to express I-Ad in order to present the PPD determinant, whereas the non-antigen specific function was specific for I-Ad or I-Ab. These results suggest that the anti-Ia antibody does not interfere with the PPD/I-Ad-specific determinant bound by the antigen-specific T cell receptor, but prevents a second non-antigen specific interaction with another region of the Ia molecule, which is provided by G. These two roles for Ia (antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific) were also found for activation of normal polyclonal PPD-specific T cell responses; thus they are not unique to the 8B2 T cell, but are generally applicable. In addition, T cell interactions with PGM and with G each provide different intracellular activation signals. This was determined by substituting the PGM or the G with either the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or the Ca++ ionophore, ionomycin. It was found that 8B2 T cells cultured with PGM and ionomycin, but not with PGM and PMA, were activated for IL 2 production. Neither PMA nor ionomycin in conjunction with G resulted in T cell activation. Taken together, these results indicate that 8B2 T cell activation involves APC Ia antigens in two different ways: one is to contribute to the presentation of the foreign PPD antigen, and a second is a non-antigen-specific Ia-T cell interaction necessary to provide additional intracellular activation signals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3491136 TI - Prazosin treatment during the effector stage of disease suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. AB - As part of a study on the role of vasoactive amines in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we have found that treatment beginning 7 days post inoculation (dpi) with the specific alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin can significantly suppress clinical signs of disease in the Lewis rat. In this paper we have addressed the effect of treatment with prazosin commencing at varying times in the disease process. The results show that treatment during the early inductive stage (1 to 6 dpi) has no effect on the clinical course of the disease, whereas treatment commencing at the time of onset of early clinical signs (10 to 16 dpi) still significantly suppresses EAE. Leakage of serum proteins into the central nervous system (CNS) and histologic expression of EAE are also suppressed. Prazosin had no effect on lymphocyte responses to mitogen or antigen as determined by lymphocyte transformation tests when lymphocytes were exposed to prazosin in vitro, and the responses of lymphocytes from prazosin-treated animals were similar to those from saline-treated animals. These results support the hypothesis that prazosin suppresses EAE through a direct vascular effect although they do not preclude an immunologic component to its mechanism of action. PMID- 3491137 TI - Correction of defective IL 3 responses of T lymphocytes from autoimmune mice. AB - MRL-+ and MRL-lpr congenic mice differ by the presence and expression of the homozygous recessive lymphoproliferation (lpr) gene. One manifestation of this gene is a massive T cell proliferation that results in a generalized lymphadenopathy in older animals. Interleukin 3 (IL 3), a recently described lymphokine, has been shown to influence lymphocyte differentiation. It was possible that abberrant IL 3 production was the mechanism responsible for the lpr controlled lymphadenopathy. Consequently, in this paper we tested the MRL congenic mice for their ability to produce IL 3. We report that the T lymphocytes from MRL-+ and MRL-lpr could neither respond to pokeweed mitogen in the induction of proliferation nor produce IL 3. Moreover, IL 3 was not produced constitutively nor could be induced at any time period up to 5 days in vitro. This hyporesponsiveness was shown to be controlled at the accessory cell level. Addition of T cell-depleted peritoneal exudate cells from normal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) compatible mice was able to restore the ability to secrete IL 3 in response to pokeweed mitogen in MRL-+ and young MRL-lpr mice. The defect in the accessory cells could be overridden by two means: the incorporation of phorbol myristate acetate in the induction system and preincubation of the cells in tissue culture. PMID- 3491138 TI - Psoriatic skin lesions contain biologically active amounts of an interleukin 1 like compound. AB - The presence of neutrophil chemoattractant material in aqueous extracts of lesional psoriatic scale has been investigated by use of an agarose microdroplet chemokinesis method in combination with ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fractions were also assayed for murine thymocyte co stimulating activity. Aqueous extracts of psoriatic scale contained significantly greater neutrophil chemokinetic activity than extracts of scale from normal skin. Successive ultrafiltration of extracts showed that the chemokinetic material was 10 to 30 kd. Heat lability and gel filtration HPLC characteristics suggested that the major chemokinetically active material in aqueous extracts of psoriatic scale is different from C5a des arg. Reversed-phase HPLC of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile extracts of psoriatic scale revealed two clearly resolved peaks of chemokinetic activity, the major peak consistently containing thymocyte co stimulating activity. No significant neutrophil chemokinetic activity was seen in fractions after reversed-phase HPLC of scale from normal skin. These findings suggest that a major portion of the neutrophil chemoattractant activity in aqueous extracts of psoriatic scale is due to interleukin 1-like material, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3491139 TI - Compartmentalized activation of the interleukin 2 gene by lung T lymphocytes in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder characterized by the accumulation of large numbers of interleukin 2 (IL 2) releasing helper (Leu-3+) T cells in involved organs. To determine whether the IL 2 gene is activated in sarcoidosis T cells in a systemic manner or only at sites of disease, cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of individuals with active sarcoidosis, inactive sarcoidosis, and normals were evaluated for the spontaneous presence of IL 2 transcripts by using a human IL 2 cDNA probe and Northern analysis of extracted RNA. Freshly recovered lung cells of individuals with active pulmonary sarcoidosis contained 0.85 kilobase pairs (kb) IL 2 mRNA transcripts. In contrast, no IL 2 mRNA transcripts could be detected in fresh autologous blood T cells or in purified autologous blood Leu-3+ T cells, although IL 2 mRNA transcripts were inducible in these cells by phytohemaglutinin/phorbol myristic acetate. The sarcoid lung T cells, however, did not express the IL 2 gene constitutively; when placed in culture with no stimulation and evaluated after 24 hr, they demonstrated down regulation of the amounts of IL 2 mRNA transcripts, despite the fact that they were capable of re expressing the IL 2 gene and releasing more IL 2 in response to added activation signals. Thus the activation of the IL 2 gene in T cells in active sarcoidosis occurs at the sites of disease and is not a generalized property of T cells throughout the body, and is not sustained if the T cells are removed from the sites of disease. Although the cause of sarcoid is unknown, these observations are consistent with the concept that sarcoid is associated with local stimuli at the site of disease eliciting the Leu-3+ T cell IL 2 gene activation that plays such a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3491140 TI - Astrocyte-derived interleukin 3 as a growth factor for microglia cells and peritoneal macrophages. AB - Astrocytes have been shown to release an interleukin 3 (IL 3)-like factor that induces the expression of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (20-alpha SDH) in nu/nu spleen cells, and the proliferation of the IL 3-dependent cell line 32DCL. We have investigated whether astrocyte-derived IL 3 supports growth of macrophages and their representatives in the brain, the microglia cells. Evidence for intercellular communication between murine astrocytes and macrophages became already detectable in co-culture experiments: astrocytes activated with endotoxin resulted in an increased growth of peritoneal macrophages on the astrocyte monolayer. Biochemical analysis of supernatants of activated astrocytes revealed that the IL 3-like factor that stimulated 32DCL cells and the expression of 20 alpha SDH also served as a growth factor for cultured peritoneal macrophages. The same results were obtained by using microglia cells isolated from primary brain cell cultures of newborn mice, which are characterized by their positive reaction for macrophage markers such as Mac-1 and nonspecific esterase. If secreted by reactive astrocytes in vivo, the IL 3-like factor may contribute to the accumulation of macrophages and microglia cells detected in brain lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3491141 TI - Molecular analysis of a functional subtype of HLA-B27. A possible evolutionary pathway for HLA-B27 polymorphism. AB - The structure of a new HLA-B27 subtype antigen B27.4(B27D), distinguishable from the HLA-B27.1, B27.2, and B27.3 subtypes by cytolytic T lymphocytes and isoelectric focusing, has been established by comparative peptide mapping and sequence analysis. HLA-B27.4 differs from the main B27.1 subtype in the same two changes of aspartate-77 to serine-77 and valine-152 to glutamate-152, which distinguish the B27.1 and B27.3 subtypes. In addition, there are two other amino acid changes of histidine-114 to aspartate-114 and of aspartate-116 to tyrosine 116, which are unique to B27.4. The close structural relationship between B27.3 and B27.4 explains the similarity of these two subtypes in terms of T cell recognition. The presence of the two single amino acid differences between B27.3 and B27.4 within a span of three residues in the linear sequence provides a new example, suggesting that gene conversion-like mechanisms play a major role in the diversification of HLA-B27. A comparison of the structure of HLA-B27.4 with those of B27.1, B27.2, and B27.3 in the context of their ethnic distribution suggests that the diversification of the HLA-B27 antigens is an ongoing process that has continued after the separation of the major ethnic groups. A tentative evolutionary model for HLA-B27 polymorphism is proposed. PMID- 3491142 TI - Biosynthetic human GM-CSF modulates the number and affinity of neutrophil f-Met Leu-Phe receptors. AB - Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) modulates the function of mature neutrophils by priming for enhanced chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu Phe). Our studies establish a relationship between f-Met-Leu-Phe receptor number and affinity and neutrophil chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism. A brief (5- to 15-min) exposure to physiologic concentrations of GM-CSF (10 pM to 100 pM) enhances f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced neutrophil chemotaxis by 85%, correlating with a rapid threefold increase (46,000/cell to 150,000/cell) in high-affinity neutrophil f-Met-Leu-Phe receptors. More prolonged incubation (1 to 2 hr) of neutrophils with GM-CSF is accompanied by a change to low-affinity f-Met-Leu-Phe receptors (Kd = 29 nM to Kd = 99 nM) concomitant with priming for enhanced neutrophil oxidative metabolism. Moreover, enhanced chemotactic responses to f Met-Leu-Phe are no longer evident after more prolonged incubation of neutrophils with GM-CSF. These results show that a single lymphokine (GM-CSF) induces sequential changes in neutrophil f-Met-Leu-Phe receptor number and affinity that may enhance different physiologic responses. PMID- 3491143 TI - Features of target cell lysis by class I and class II MHC-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - The lytic activity of influenza virus-specific murine cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones that are restricted by either H-2K/D (class I) or H-2I (class II) major histocompatibility (MHC) locus products was compared on an influenza virus infected target cell expressing both K/D and I locus products. With the use of two in vitro measurements of cytotoxicity, conventional 51Cr release, and detergent-releasable radiolabeled DNA (as a measure of nuclear disintegration in the early post-lethal hit period), we found no difference between class I and class II MHC-restricted CTL in the kinetics of target cell destruction. In addition, class II MHC-restricted antiviral CTL failed to show any lysis of radiolabeled bystander cells. Killing of labeled specific targets by these class II MHC-restricted CTL was also efficiently inhibited by unlabeled specific competitor cells in a cold target inhibition assay. In sum, these data suggest that class I and class II MHC-restricted CTL mediate target cell destruction by an essentially similar direct mechanism. PMID- 3491144 TI - Two interleukin 1 genes in the mouse: cloning and expression of the cDNA for murine interleukin 1 beta. AB - A human interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta) cDNA probe was utilized to identify a homologous murine cDNA clone. The murine cDNA encodes a 269-residue protein which is 67% homologous to human IL 1 beta. The murine sequence was engineered for expression in mammalian cells and directs the synthesis of biologically active IL 1. This protein, termed murine IL 1 beta, is only 22% homologous with the previously described murine IL 1 sequence. Both IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta are encoded by single genes, but IL 1 beta mRNA is about fivefold more abundant in a stimulated macrophage cell line. PMID- 3491145 TI - Eradication of disseminated murine leukemia by treatment with high-dose interleukin 2. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) in high concentration induces lymphocytes to become nonspecifically cytolytic to a wide variety of tumor targets. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of such lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in vivo and high-dose II 2 in vivo against disseminated murine leukemia. To quantitate the potential anti-leukemia effect of LAK cells in vivo, B6 mice were injected i.p. with graded doses of FBL-3 leukemia cells followed by LAK cells. In this Winn type assay, 1 X 10(7) LAK cells were able to prevent the outgrowth of 1 X 10(2) FBL-3 cells in only 50% of mice and did not prevent the outgrowth of 1 X 10(6) tumor cells. Thus LAK cells, highly cytolytic to FBL-3 in vitro, mediated only a limited anti-tumor effect when applied directly to leukemia cells in vivo. LAK cells used as an adjunct to chemotherapy induced a small but non-curative effect against FBL-3, however. In this circumstance, LAK cells were markedly less effective than were immune spleen cells from mice previously sensitized to FBL-3. To test the anti-leukemia effect of high-dose IL 2 in vivo, B6 mice were inoculated with 5 X 10(6) FBL-3 cells followed by repeated doses of IL 2 at dose levels shown to induce LAK in vivo. "LAK-inducing" IL 2 doses on days 5 to 9 after FBL-3 inoculation, when tumor was disseminated, cured 50% of the mice. Treatment on days 5 to 9 was far more effective than on days 0 to 4, implying that the evolution of a host-tumor interaction was essential for the therapeutic effect of IL 2. Mice cured of FBL-3 by high-dose IL 2 were found to be immune to FBL-3, suggesting that tumor eradication resulted from a collaboration between LAK activity and tumor-specific immunity. PMID- 3491147 TI - Cultured Lyt-2- L3T4- T lymphocytes from normal thymus or lpr mice express a broad spectrum of cytolytic activity. AB - T lymphocytes expressing the surface phenotype Lyt-2- L3T4- represent a minor population of immature thymocytes that appear to be the precursors of mature T cells. Cells with the same apparent surface phenotype also accumulate in vast numbers in the lymphoid tissues of the autoimmune lpr mouse. Lyt-2- L3T4- T lymphocytes from lpr lymph node (LN) or normal thymus express low to undetectable levels, respectively, of surface antigen receptor. In addition, they produce reduced amounts of lymphokines compared with normal T cells and lack precursors of alloantigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes. We previously showed that after culture with phorbol esters and interleukin 2, lpr Lyt-2- L3T4- T lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate, acquiring increased levels of surface antigen receptor by most cells, as well as Lyt-2 by a portion. We now show that cultured Lyt-2- L3T4- T cells from lpr LN or normal thymus are very efficiently cytolytic toward not only allogeneic tumor targets, but also natural killer (NK) susceptible targets and syngeneic targets. Such killing was not inhibited by antibodies to H-2 or Lyt-2. In contrast, cultured mature Lyt-2+ L3T4- T cells from normal LN, thymus, or lpr LN were cytolytic only toward allogeneic targets and were dependent on Lyt-2 expression and H-2 recognition. The similarities of cultured Lyt-2- L3T4- T cells to NK and lymphokine-activated killer cells are discussed. PMID- 3491146 TI - Antibody-induced antigenic modulation is antigen dependent: characterization of 22 proteins on a malignant human B cell line. AB - Expression of several of the surface antigens on normal and malignant hematopoietic cells is reduced or is modulated by incubation with specific antibodies. Although antigenic modulation provides a means by which cells can escape antibody-mediated immune destruction, the physiologic significance and frequency of this phenomenon are both poorly understood. To begin to address these issues, we identified and characterized surface antigens on the malignant B cell line Laz 221 established from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Indirect immunofluorescence analysis with the use of 26 hematopoietic cell populations and immune precipitation studies with the use of iodinated ALL cells indicate that 163 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) identify 22 different proteins on this cell line, including at least six previously described surface molecules. Seven of these antigens are expressed by all nucleated cells examined, whereas only the mu chain of immunoglobulin is B cell specific. Incubation of specific MoAb with cultures of Laz 221 cells at 37 degrees C reduces or modulates surface expression of five of these 22 antigens (p45, immunoglobulin mu chain, transferrin receptor, common ALL antigen (CD10), and p105). Studies that made use of multiple MoAb specific for the same antigen suggest that the capacity for antigenic modulation is an intrinsic property of individual antigens. These studies also suggest that the murine immune response to shared human antigens varies from one immunizing cell population to another. For example, three of the antigens present on Laz 221 cells were only identified by MoAb raised to the Burkitt's cell line Ramos and vice-versa. Only one of these six shared antigens is present in greater amounts on the immunogenic cell population. Immunogenicity of individual human antigens in the mouse may be a function of their cell surface environment. PMID- 3491148 TI - Regulation of B cell activation by prostaglandins: cell cycle-specific effects on activation by anti-immunoglobulin and 8-mercaptoguanosine. AB - The current studies were undertaken to explore the regulatory effects of macrophages and their soluble products on B cell activation in defined medium by surface membrane-directed mitogens (anti-Ig, LPS) and by intracellular mitogens (8-mercaptoguanosine, [8MGuo]). Supplementation of macrophage-depleted B cell cultures with adherent cells enhanced the response to anti-Ig but depressed the response to 8MGuo. These changes could be eliminated by adding indomethacin to B cell cultures containing supplemental macrophages. Moreover, they could be reproduced by adding exogenous prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2) but not other macrophage products to cultured B cells. Prostaglandins regulate B cell function (i.e., immunoglobulin secretion) in the same manner as they do mitogenesis. Thus, the polyclonal response to LPS is enhanced, whereas that to 8MGuo is inhibited. We showed previously that anti-Ig acts on a B cell subpopulation distinct from that stimulated by 8MGuo. Moreover, when addition of prostaglandin is delayed for more than 24 hr, the effect on the anti-Ig response changes from enhancement to inhibition and the effect on 8MGuo is lost, suggesting that in the course of activation the cell progresses through a series of cell cycle-specific regulatory states. Additionally, the mitogenic effects of 8MGuo appear to involve larger, cycling cells more than smaller cells. In concert, these data suggest a model for regulation of the B cell cycle in which prostaglandins, whose secretion is elicited by many surface-directed B cell stimuli, enhance the entry of cells into the cell cycle and subsequently regulate their passage through the cycle. PMID- 3491149 TI - Therapy of rat autoimmune disease by a monoclonal antibody specific for T lymphoblasts. AB - The central role of T lymphocytes in the initiation, regulation and propagation of autoimmune diseases defines them as most suitable targets for selective immunotherapy. The recent advance in culturing human and animal T cell lines allows us to select monoclonal antibodies specific for differentiation antigens expressed by activated T lymphocytes. We selected a monoclonal antibody cytotoxic for a subpopulation of activated rat T cells. In vivo, this antibody effectively blocks immune responses to foreign antigens or autoantigen and prevents development of autoimmune diseases like experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and adjuvant arthritis. Even already established disease can be blocked by a single injection of antibody. Furthermore, this monoclonal antibody can be used to monitor the course of autoimmune disease progression from peripheral blood samples. PMID- 3491150 TI - DM-20, a proteolipid apoprotein, is an encephalitogen of acute and relapsing autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was successfully induced in BALB/c mice with DM-20, a protein component of proteolipid apoprotein. DM-20 was separated by ion exchange column chromatography with CM-Trisacryl from proteolipid apoprotein obtained from bovine spinal cords. Its purity was ascertained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a dot immunobinding procedure, and amino acid analysis. Nine of 15 animals with a single injection of 100 micrograms of DM-20 and five of seven animals with a booster injection developed hind leg paralysis or axial rotatory movement 16 to 27 days after sensitization (mean 21.3 days). Five of the 14 animals relapsed 2 to 6 wk after the first attack. Histological examination revealed inflammatory lesion, with significant demyelination in the central nervous system. Antibody levels to DM-20 were not related to the clinical signs. Five of 11 BALB/c nude mice reconstituted with T cells developed similar clinical and pathologic signs. This DM-20-induced EAE in mice may provide a valuable model because it is similar to multiple sclerosis and because it can be induced in inbred mice in which immune mechanisms can be easily studied. PMID- 3491152 TI - The immune response to Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced tumors: induction of cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for both viral and tumor-associated antigens. AB - The specificity of CTL generated against tumors induced by murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) has been reported to parallel the expression of two serologically defined tumor cell surface antigens--the cross-reactive FMR antigen expressed on the surface of tumors induced by Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher MuLV, and the Gross cell surface antigen (GCSA) expressed on tumors induced by AKV/Gross MuLV. We examined the specificity of CTL generated against MuLV-induced tumors and identified two distinct patterns of reactivity. The first follows the traditional pattern of FMR vs GCSA reactivity as assessed on a panel of established MuLV induced lymphomas. However, CTL exhibiting this pattern of reactivity are incapable of lysing MuLV-infected fibroblasts. CTL exhibiting the second pattern of reactivity are capable of lysing MuLV-induced lymphomas as well as MuLV infected fibroblasts. In addition, these CTL exhibit extensive cross-reactivity between lymphomas and fibroblasts infected by both groups of MuLV. Our results suggest that CTL exhibiting the traditional FMR vs GCSA pattern of reactivity are directed against a tumor-associated antigen and not against virus-encoded antigens, and that CTL directed against MuLV-encoded antigens demonstrate extensive cross-reactivity, including the ability to lyse AKV-infected cells. PMID- 3491151 TI - Induction of proliferation in vitro of resting human natural killer cells: IL 2 induces into cell cycle most peripheral blood NK cells, but only a minor subset of low density T cells. AB - We report that resting human peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells proliferate in response to recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2), and addition of irradiated lymphoblastoid B cells significantly increase their proliferative response. Interaction of IL 2 with the Tac IL 2 receptor expressed on activated NK cells is necessary to maintain continued growth of these cells. Experiments in which NK cell mitosis is prevented by colchicine show that the majority of peripheral blood NK cells are induced into the first cell cycle over a 6-day culture period in the presence of rIL 2. The addition of the irradiated lymphoblastoid B cell line, Daudi, to colchicine blocked cultures does not increase the proportion of cells entering cell cycle in response to rIL 2 alone. In limiting dilution analysis, only 1/1700 B73.1+ cells grow clonally in response to rIL 2. The frequency of clonal growth of NK cells in response to irradiated Daudi cells alone is minimal, whereas the addition of irradiated Daudi cells to rIL 2 stimulated cultures resulted in a 10-fold increase in clonal frequency compared with the cultures in rIL 2 alone. Therefore, Daudi cells may act by maintaining continuous proliferation of the NK cells originally responsive to IL 2. Unlike NK cells, only a minimal proportion of peripheral blood T cells proliferate in response to IL 2. These IL 2 responsive T cells are characterized by a lower bouyant density than the majority of peripheral blood T cells. These results indicate physiologic differences between peripheral blood resting NK and T cells in their ability to be induced to cycle. IL 2 is a growth factor for both cell types, but although the presence of the growth factor is sufficient for quiescent NK cells to be induced into cycle, T cells require antigenic or other mitogenic stimuli to respond to IL 2. The small proportion of light density IL 2 responsive T cells might represent in vivo activated T cells. PMID- 3491153 TI - Activation of T cell antigen receptor alpha- and beta-chain genes in the thymus: implications for the lineages of developing cortical thymocytes. AB - Mammalian T lymphocytes mature in the thymus through a series of differentiation events that involve both rapid proliferation and extensive cell death. The mechanisms that govern these processes are currently unknown; however, both mitogenesis and death affect particular subpopulations of cells, suggesting the selective amplification and destruction of specific T cell clones. In mature peripheral T cells, proliferation is most commonly triggered by the recognition of antigen through the T cell antigen receptor complex. If antigen recognition also controls proliferation in the thymus, the differential expression of antigen receptor genes during maturation could play some role in determining the fate of developing T cells. In this study, we examined the expression of the alpha- and beta-chain genes of the T cell antigen receptor in different subpopulations of adult thymocytes. We compared two postmitotic populations--one that appears committed to die and one that appears mature--and several blast cell populations that are enriched for precursors of one or another presumptive lineage. We have found that Lyt-2-, L3T4- precursor thymocytes express much lower levels of both alpha- and beta-chain mRNA than the cells likely to be their immediate descendents. Furthermore, our results show that the cells of the major cortical lineage, which have at least a 95% probability of death, nevertheless express high levels of mature mRNA encoding both the alpha- and the beta-chains of the T cell antigen receptor. These results have important implications for the mechanisms involved in the overproduction and elimination of this major class of T lymphocyte. PMID- 3491156 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mediated by murine encephalitogenic T cell lines specific for myelin proteolipid apoprotein. AB - T cell lines specific for bovine myelin proteolipid apoprotein (PLP) were established from SJL/J mice. The line cells bore surface phenotypes of T helper/inducer cells (Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-, L3T4+) and responded well to bovine, rat, and guinea pig PLP but not to myelin basic protein. One line responded to major PLP, and another responded to both major PLP and DM-20, which are the two major intrinsic membrane proteins of the central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Intraperitoneal inoculation of 4 to 30 X 10(6) PLP-activated line cells followed by injection of pertussis vaccine induced acute inflammatory disease of the CNS, with typical clinical signs of EAE mostly in a week in recipient mice that had been treated with low-dose irradiation. Almost all animals recovered completely, and two of the 12 animals relapsed 42 or 75 days after inoculation. The lesions were restricted to the CNS and were characterized by perivascular and parenchymal infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrin deposit, and demyelination. In the severe lesions, axons were also damaged. These observations suggest that PLP is a definite encephalitogen, and PLP-sensitized effector T cells induce inflammatory demyelination in the CNS. PMID- 3491155 TI - The NZB X SWR model of lupus nephritis. II. Autoantibodies deposited in renal lesions show a distinctive and restricted idiotypic diversity. AB - The F1 progeny (SNF1) derived from crossing autoimmune NZB with normal SWR mice uniformly develop lethal glomerulonephritis in marked contrast to the NZB parents. In the preceding paper we found qualitative and idiotypic differences between the anti-DNA antibodies produced by the SNF1 mice and their NZB parents. We identified two clusters of interrelated cross-reactive idiotypic (CRI) families among the SNF1-derived autoantibodies. Here we analyzed the idiotypic profile of the broad spectrum of immunoglobulins deposited in the nephritic kidneys of SNF1 mice and found a restricted idiotypic diversity. To establish that the autoantibody idiotypes detected in the renal lesions were not there as a result of nonspecific trapping, five separate batches of kidney eluates obtained from 100 SNF1 kidneys were analyzed. Both during early and late stages of nephritis, the predominant and consistent idiotypic markers of antibodies in the renal lesion of SNF1 mice were those shared by the two clusters of anti-DNA CRI families. We have termed these nephritogenic idiotypic markers collectively as idiotypes-lupus nephritis-SNF1 or IdLNF1. The Id564 family that encompasses a set of SNF1-derived highly cationic anti-DNA antibodies bearing the normal SWR parent's allotype was more prominently represented in the SNF1 kidneys with early nephritis. Although cationic antibodies were prevalent, the IdLNF1 markers were present on both cationic and anionic or neutral antibodies in the renal lesions of SNF1 mice, and the Ig allotypes of both parents were equally represented in those nephritogenic antibodies. The IdLNF1 positive family of antibodies were also found in high levels in the sera of old SNF1 mice, but they could not be detected in the sera of NZB or SWR mice, nor were they present in the immunoglobulins deposited in the kidneys of rare old NZB mice. The results suggest that select families of nephritogenic idiotypes that are dormant in the autoimmune NZB and the normal SWR parents become expressed in the SNF1 progeny due to genetic and immunoregulatory defects. PMID- 3491157 TI - Quantitation of T cell antigen-binding molecules (TABM) in the sera of nonimmunized, immunized, and desensitized mice. AB - Heterologous antibodies to non-MHC-restricted T cell antigen-binding molecules (TABM) were used in an ELISA to detect and quantitate TABM levels in the sera of nonimmune mice and in mice immunized and/or desensitized to methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA). TABM were detected at low levels in sera from nonimmune and immune mice. Amounts of TABM rose 300-fold in MBSA-immune mice within 12 hr of a desensitizing injection of MBSA, and rapidly returned to pre-desensitization levels. Serum TABM were purified by precipitation with 50% (NH4)2SO4 and chromatography in carboxymethylcellulose. The purified TABM were Mr 30,000 to 37,000 reduced, 72,000 nonreduced, and had a pI range of 5.5 to 7.1. A portion of the elevated TABM in desensitized mice bound MBSA specifically, whereas TABM from the sera of nonimmune/nondesensitized mice did not bind MBSA. The timing of the appearance of TABM early in desensitization suggests the possibility that they may play a role in the subsequent appearance of suppressor cells in later stages of this phenomenon. In addition, the results presented here raise the possibility that fluctuations in TABM levels might prove to be a sensitive indicator of immunoregulatory status in general. PMID- 3491154 TI - Differential lack of class I H-2d antigen expression by sublines of the BALB/c S49 T cell lymphoma. AB - Five different sublines of the BALB/c murine S49.1 T cell lymphoma were found to exhibit distinct patterns of absence of detectable H-2d class I major histocompatibility antigen expression. The results were demonstrated and verified by a) the generation of H-2Kd-, H-2Dd,Ld-, and H-2Ld-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that were assayed on S49.1 target cell lines, b) antibody-mediated cytotoxicity with the use of anti-H-2d monoclonal reagents, and c) flow microfluorometry. The five lines investigated were S49.1, T-25, T-25ADH, Thy-1-, and 100/0. None of these lines expressed detectable levels of Ld. S49.1 expressed both Kd and Dd, T-25 and T-25ADH expressed Dd but not Kd or Ld, Thy-1- expressed Kd but not Dd or Ld, and 100.0 did not express any detectable amounts of Kd, Dd, or Ld. These results indicate that K and D (and L) antigens can be expressed independently of each other and suggest that expression of class I antigens is controlled in a locus-specific manner. PMID- 3491158 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from mice with soluble class I Q10 molecules in their serum are not tolerant to membrane-bound Q10. AB - Q10 is a class I Qa-2 region-encoded molecule that is secreted by the liver and present in serum at high concentrations (about 10 to 60 micrograms/ml) in most strains of mice. The amino terminal portion of this molecule can also be expressed as an integral membrane protein by splicing the 5' end of the Q10 gene to the 3' end of H-2Ld and transfecting the hybrid gene into murine L cells. Because CTL primarily recognize polymorphic determinants controlled by the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of class I molecules and because the Q10d/Ld product expressed by transfected L cells includes the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of Q10d, we could address whether mice bearing serum Q10 were tolerant to this molecule at the CTL level. The results of these experiments demonstrate that Q10+ mice are able to generate H-2-unrestricted CTL activity against Q10d expressed on transfected L cells, and this response was not inhibitable by the addition of Q10 containing normal mouse serum. It is unlikely that this CTL activity is due to possible polymorphic differences in Q10 alleles, since semisyngeneic BALB/c (H 2d) mice, from which the Q10d hybrid gene construct was derived, are able to generate anti-Q10d effector cells. The Q10d molecule was shown to cross-react with H-2Ld, lending support to the concept that Qa genes can serve as donors for polymorphic sequences found in H-2K, -D, and -L. That mice can generate anti-Q10 CTL activity suggests that this soluble class I protein does not act as a toleragen for these cells. The implications of these findings for an understanding of self-tolerance are discussed. PMID- 3491160 TI - The immunostimulatory effect of T cells and T cell lymphokines on murine fetally derived placental cells. AB - Evidence for maternal immune recognition of the fetus can be found during pregnancy, yet the conceptus remains unharmed. Indeed, in some cases immunizing the mother with cells sharing histocompatibility antigens with the fetus is beneficial to fetal survival. This could be due to the effect of maternally derived lymphokines on placental growth and function, according to the immunostimulation hypothesis. We demonstrate here that placental cells in culture proliferate upon the addition of T cell-derived lymphokines. The lymphokine activity has been separated from IL 2 and B cell growth factor, and copurified with IL 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-GM). Recombinant CSF-GM and recombinant IL 3 showed a similar effect. The placental cells that proliferate in culture are of fetal origin and are characterized by strong adherence, phagocytosis, nonspecific esterase staining, and response to the macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor CSF-1. In addition, treatment of pregnant females with anti-thymocyte serum as well as anti-Ly-2.1 monoclonal antibody, at gestational times before Ly-2 antigen appearance in the fetus, leads to a reduction of the proliferative and phagocytic capacity of day 12 placentae. These results clearly demonstrate that maternal T cells act upon fetally derived placental cells to improve their proliferative and phagocytic potential, and thus provide evidence for the immunostimulatory role of these cells during pregnancy. PMID- 3491159 TI - Aging and lymphocyte cytoskeleton: age-related decline in the state of actin polymerization in T lymphocytes from Fischer F344 rats. AB - T cell functions are known to decline with age, but the underlying cause of the decline is unclear. Because of the importance of cytoskeletal elements in cellular functions, we examined the content and the state of polymerization of actin in lymphocytes from Fischer F344 rats of four different ages (6, 14, 23, and 31 mo). The cellular actin content was determined by a DNAase I inhibition assay. Our results indicate that the total actin content of spleen lymphocytes did not change significantly with age; however, polymeric actin content, particularly in T cells, decreased with age, which might be a result of the shift from the polymeric actin pool to the monomeric pool. Similar changes also occurred in B cells but to a lesser extent. We conclude that the state of polymerization of lymphocytes changed drastically with age, and that this might be an important factor in the age-related decline in the cellular functions of lymphocytes. PMID- 3491161 TI - Demonstration of a calcium influx in cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to target cell binding. AB - By using the Ca2+-sensitive dye indo-1, an antigen-specific increase in intracellular Ca2+ in cloned cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) was measured under conditions that were permissive for T cell-mediated cytolysis. To synchronize lethal hit delivery in a suspension of effector and target cells, a modification of the cation pulse method in which Ca2+ is added to preformed conjugates of CTL and target cells was used. Conjugate formation was unaffected by the absence of extracellular Ca2+ under these conditions. Lytic activity of these cloned CTL was markedly reduced in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was restored upon Ca2+ repletion. When indo-1-loaded CTL were preincubated with target cells in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, a marked antigen-specific increase in indo-1 fluorescence, indicative of an increase in intracellular Ca2+, was observed after repletion of extracellular Ca2+. This increase in intracellular Ca2+ was shown to be due solely to changes in the CTL and not the target cell within the time course of the experiment, and results from the influx of extracellular Ca2+. Antibody to the T cell receptor for antigen also evokes a similar increase in intracellular Ca2+ in CTL under these conditions. This method provides a means for the direct examination of the response of CTL to cellular antigen as well as soluble antibody and is a versatile and valuable tool for the study of CTL function. PMID- 3491162 TI - Random assignment of treatments in a 96-well (8 X 12) microtiter plate. A practical method. AB - A computer program, written in BASIC, has been developed to assign treatments strictly at random to the wells of a microtiter plate. A hard copy is printed of the treatment numbers with their assigned wells, followed by an 8 X 12 matrix of the treatment numbers. When a microtiter plate is placed over the matrix these numbers may be viewed directly through the wells. A program listing is reproduced. The effects of randomization on within-plate variation have been investigated and compared with two systematic methods of assignment. PMID- 3491163 TI - Flow cytometric detection and quantitation of immune complexes using human C1q coated microspheres. AB - A solid phase human C1q-binding fluorescent immunoassay for the measurement of immune complexes in human serum was developed. The solid phase used was 5 micron diameter polystyrene microspheres. Serum immune complexes bound to the C1q-coated microspheres were measured by flow cytometry using fluoresceinated anti-human IgG, and heat-aggregated human IgG as a standard. Patient samples were assayed and results compared to a standard fluoroimmunometric C1q-binding immune complex assay. Greater differences in circulating immune complexes were observed between the healthy control group mean and the mean of the patient values in the microsphere-flow cytometric method than were seen in the standard assay. In the microsphere-flow cytometric assay, the mean patient value was 7.5 times greater than the control mean, whereas in the standard assay the mean patient value was 2.8 times the control mean. Preliminary results suggest greater sensitivity of the microsphere-flow cytometric method over the other method. PMID- 3491164 TI - Use of a specific and sensitive assay to determine pentamidine pharmacokinetics in patients with AIDS. AB - The first-dose pharmacokinetics of pentamidine were studied in patients with AIDS. Pentamidine isethionate (4 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly or intravenously to two groups of six patients each. Serial plasma and urine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, which is accurate and precise (sensitivity limits, 2.29 ng/ml in plasma and 229 ng/ml in urine). The mean peak concentrations in plasma after intramuscular and intravenous administration were 209 ng/ml and 612 ng/ml, respectively. Plasma concentrations, which declined biexponentially, were detectable throughout the 24 hr dosing interval and fell to less than 25 ng/ml after 8 hr. The mean plasma clearance, elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and apparent volume at steady state for intramuscularly treated patients were 305 liters/hr, 9.36 hr, 924 liters, and 2,724 liters, respectively; these parameters for intravenously treated patients were 248 liters/hr, 6.40 hr, 140 liters, and 821 liters, respectively. Renal clearance of pentamidine was 5.0% of the plasma clearance for intramuscularly treated patients and 2.5% for intravenously treated patients. We found significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between intramuscularly and intravenously treated patients. PMID- 3491165 TI - Immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type b in young adults: correlation of bactericidal and opsonizing activity of serum with antibody to polyribosylribitol phosphate and lipooligosaccharide before and after vaccination. AB - Naturally acquired humoral immunity is thought to protect adults against serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Antibody to the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule is generally considered protective; antibody to lipooligosaccharide (LOS) or outer membrane protein (OMP) may also play a role. Serum from 23 of 50 healthy young adults had no bactericidal effect (BE) against Hib yet opsonized these organisms for approximately 30% uptake by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The degree of bactericidal and opsonizing activity in serum from the other 27 subjects generally correlated with the level of antibody to PRP but not to LOS or OMP. However, serum from some individuals had levels of antibody to PRP as high as 4.9 micrograms/ml without BE, and seven of 27 subjects with BE had antibody levels of less than 1 microgram/ml. After vaccination with 20 micrograms of conjugated PRP, the level of antibody to PRP was greater than 5 micrograms/ml in all 50 subjects. BE appeared in 22 of those who originally lacked it, and opsonization increased to approximately 50%. PMID- 3491166 TI - Membrane-disruptive effect of human milk: inactivation of enveloped viruses. AB - Fresh human milk treated with antibody to secretory IgA had no effect on viral infectivity but became antiviral after 1 hr in the stomachs of suckling infants. Antiviral activity also appeared in fresh milk stored at 4 C for at least two days. The antiviral activity, which reduced titers of virus by as much as 10,000 fold, only affected enveloped viruses and was localized in the milk lipid fraction. Its appearance in stored milk was apparently due to fatty acids released by the activity of milk lipases, particularly lipoprotein lipase. Antiviral activity in the infants' stomach, however, most likely resulted from the activity of gastric and lingual lipases on milk triglycerides and caused the release of antiviral fatty acids. Milk and stomach contents that were antiviral also lysed cultured cells by disruption of their plasma membrane. Cell lysis was also caused by purified linoleic acid, which is a normal constituent of human milk triglycerides. PMID- 3491167 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone and bacterial lipopolysaccharide on colony-stimulating activity production from mouse marrow adherent cells, spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages in vitro. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on colony-stimulating activity (CSA) production from mouse bone marrow adherent cells, spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages with or without bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was studied. CSA in the supernatant from bone marrow adherent cells incubated with HC was found to be five times higher than CSA from cultures without LPS stimulation. In contrast, the CSA production by spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages were significantly suppressed by HC in both LPS-stimulated and non-stimulated cultures. These studies suggest that the effect of HC on CSA production was quite different depending on the target cells. PMID- 3491169 TI - [Surgical treatment of valvular disease with spasm of the coronary artery]. PMID- 3491168 TI - Cloning of early erythroid and mixed myeloid/erythroid human bone marrow progenitor cells: comparison of different sources of burst-promoting activity (BPA). AB - The ability of conditioned media from the 5637 cell line and human placenta (HPCM) to stimulate the in vitro growth of human early erythroid and mixed myeloid/erythroid clones was tested and compared to phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte supernatants (PHA-LCM). Both 5637 supernatant and PHA-LCM were equally effective with a linear dose-response relationship. HPCM at various concentrations did not exhibit burst-promoting activity (BPA). Thus, "pluripoietin"-containing media provide a large-scale source of BPA similar in its biological activity to standard sources used for studying human hematopoiesis in vitro. PMID- 3491170 TI - [Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CHOP therapy: analysis of lymphocyte subsets and interleukin 2 activity during CHOP therapy]. PMID- 3491171 TI - [Evaluation of indomethacin in non-specific immunotherapy]. PMID- 3491172 TI - Corticotrophin-releasing factor in extra-hypothalamic brain of the mouse: demonstration by immunoassay and immunoneutralization of bioassayable activity. AB - Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) bioactivity has been described in the extra hypothalamic brain, but its relationship to hypothalamic CRF has remained questionable. Of the seven regions of the mouse brain examined, highest concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) and bioassayable CRF activity were present in the median eminence and hypothalamus. However, substantial CRF-LI and bioassayable CRF activity were also seen in brain extracts from the amygdala, thalamus, frontal cortex, pons medulla and cerebellum. Bioactivity was largely neutralized by prior incubation with heat-inactivated antiserum to ovine CRF. These findings, in conjunction with previous immunocytochemical evidence, strongly suggest that a substance closely resembling hypothalamic CRF is present in the extrahypothalamic brain of the mouse. PMID- 3491173 TI - Different structural constraints for recognition of mouse H-2Kd and -Kk antigens by alloimmune cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - We have constructed a new series of hybrid genes among the H-2Kd,-Kk, and -Kb. The site of recombination occurs in the third exon, encoding the alpha 2 domain, and divides this domain into two parts, alpha 2A and alpha 2B. The novel genes differ only in the COOH-terminal half of the alpha 2 domain, i.e., the alpha 2B region. This region, comprising residues 142-182, contains a limited number of amino acid differences between the three alleles. The hybrid genes have been introduced into 1T 22-6 cells (H-2q), and cell surface expression of hybrid antigens was verified. Cells expressing different types of hybrid antigens have been examined for their susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed either against the H-2Kd antigen or the H-2Kk antigen. Our results show that the alpha 1 and alpha 2A domains of the H-2Kk antigen can constitute target molecules for alloimmune anti-Kk T cells, whereas the alpha 2B region, when exchanged for Kd or Kb sequences, plays only a limited role. In contrast, the alpha 1 and alpha 2A domains of Kd are not sufficient to be recognized by alloimmune anti-Kd T cells. In this instance, the alpha 2B domain seems to play an essential role. This region has undergone several amino acid substitutions involving charged residues. PMID- 3491174 TI - Two monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, render cultured vascular endothelial cells susceptible to lysis by antibodies circulating during Kawasaki syndrome. AB - Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is an acute febrile illness of early childhood characterized by diffuse vasculitis and marked immune activation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the acute phase of KS is associated with circulating cytotoxic antibodies directed to target antigens induced on vascular endothelium by the monokines, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Sera from 20 patients with acute KS, 11 patients in the convalescent phase of KS, and 17 age-matched controls were assessed for complement-dependent cytotoxic activity against 111In-labeled human endothelial cells (HEC), dermal fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Sera from patients with acute KS but not the other subject groups caused significant (p less than 0.01) complement-mediated killing of IL-1- or TNF-stimulated HEC. None of the sera tested had cytotoxicity against control HEC cultures or the other target cell types, with or without IL-1 or TNF pretreatment. Expression of the IL-1- or TNF-inducible target antigens on endothelial cells was rapid and transient, peaking at 4 h and disappearing after 24 h despite continued incubation with monokine. In contrast, we have previously shown that IFN-gamma requires 72 h to render HEC susceptible to lysis with acute KS sera. Serum adsorption studies demonstrated that IL-1- and TNF-inducible endothelial target antigens are distinct from IFN-gamma-inducible antigens. These observations suggest that mediator secretion by activated monocyte/macrophages could be a predisposing factor to the development of vascular injury in acute KS. Although our present observations have been restricted to KS, the development of cytotoxic antibodies directed to monokine-inducible endothelial cell antigens may also be found in other vasculitides accompanied by immune activation. PMID- 3491175 TI - Inhibition of an IgE response by secondary B cells of a different isotype. AB - We found that the synthesis of IgE anti-Ars antibodies is strongly inhibited by the presence of secondary non-IgE-producing cells that are specific for the Ars hapten. Such B cells can be induced by inoculation of a protein-Ars conjugate in CFA. The effect is seen after inoculation of OVA-Ars in CFA followed by KLH-Ars in alum, or, more convincingly, after adoptive transfer of B cells induced by antigen in CFA. Dose-response data indicated that inhibition can be effected by B cells containing noninhibitory numbers of contaminating T cells. Possible synergistic effects of carrier-specific regulatory T cells were ruled out by using a different protein carrier for immunization of donor and recipient mice. The effect was shown to be specific for the hapten used for immunization of donor mice. PMID- 3491176 TI - Multiple monoclonal B cell expansions and c-myc oncogene rearrangements in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoproliferative disorders. Implications for lymphomagenesis. AB - AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) and ARC (AIDS-related complex) are associated with a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders ranging from lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), an apparently benign polyclonal lymphoid hyperplasia, to B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), i.e., malignant, presumably monoclonal B cell proliferations. To gain insight into the process of lymphomagenesis in AIDS and to investigate a possible pathogenetic relationship between LAS and NHL, we investigated the clonality of the B or T lymphoid populations by Ig or T beta gene rearrangement analysis, the presence of rearrangements involving the c-myc oncogene locus, and the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequences in both LAS and B-NHL biopsies. Our data indicate that multiple clonal B cell expansions are present in a significant percentage of LAS (approximately 20%) and B-NHL (60%) biopsies. c-myc rearrangements/translocations are detectable in 9 of our 10 NHLs, but not in any of the LAS cases. However, only one of the B cell clones, identified by Ig gene rearrangements carries a c-myc gene rearrangement, suggesting that only one clone carries the genetic abnormality associated with malignant B cell lymphoma. Furthermore, the frequency of detection of c-myc rearrangements in AIDS associated NHLs of both Burkitt and non-Burkitt type suggest that the biological alterations present in AIDS favor the development of lymphomas carrying activated c-myc oncogenes. Finally, our data show that HIV DNA sequences are not detectable in LAS nor in NHL B cell clones, suggesting that HIV does not play a direct role in NHL development. Taken together, these observations suggest a model of multistep lymphomagenesis in AIDS in which LAS would represent a predisposing condition to NHL. Immunosuppression and EBV infection present in LAS can favor the expansion of B cell clones, which in turn may increase the probability of occurrence of c-myc rearrangements leading to malignant transformation. PMID- 3491178 TI - Research design and statistical procedures used in the Journal of Family Practice. AB - To determine whether articles published in The Journal of Family Practice contain statistical content that is easily understood by the general reader, all original articles published during a two-year period were reviewed to determine the frequency of use of different research designs and statistical procedures. Eighty eight percent of the articles used the cross-sectional design. No statistical methods were reported in 46 percent of the articles; 13 percent reported descriptive statistics only. The chi-square statistic and t test were the most commonly used statistical procedures. Readers of The Journal of Family Practice, therefore, needed only an elementary knowledge of statistics to understand the statistical content of three quarters of the original articles. PMID- 3491177 TI - Paucity of phosphorylcholine-specific clones in B cells expressing the VHT15 gene product. AB - The aim of this work was to study the cellular basis of the phenomenon of clonal dominance. To this end we analyzed two collections of BALB/c and C.B20 hybridomas that we selected on the basis of the expression of the VHT15 gene product independently from their antigen specificity. Our study demonstrates that none of the 28 BALB/c and only 2 of the 29 C.B20 hybridomas obtained have variable regions that bind PC. We conclude therefore that the domination of the immune response to PC by particular variable regions cannot be due to the establishment of clonal dominance prior to immunization. PMID- 3491179 TI - Spondyloarthropathy: a common familial form of arthritis. PMID- 3491180 TI - Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia: the first 50 cases. AB - The first 50 patients who have received sacral anterior root stimulator implants are presented, with follow-up of from 1 to 9 years. Forty-nine are alive and 43 are regularly using their implants for micturition. Of the 49 living, 39 are "very pleased, without significant reservations", six are pleased on balance but have reservations, and four are dissatisfied. Residual urine volumes are substantially reduced in all patients who are using their implants. Ten of the 12 female patients and the majority of male patients have become continent. The voiding pressure in implant-driven micturition can be regulated by adjusting the stimulus parameters, and is always kept below 90 cm H2O. Of seven patients with ureteric reflux before operation, four have ceased to reflux and the other three are unchanged. Changes in the radiographic appearances of the bladder have been favourable or zero, but there have been two cases of deterioration in the upper urinary tracts. Significant harmful effects have been CSF leaks, urinary infections following post-operative urodynamic study, and accidental damage to roots. Anterior roots nearly always recover from accidental damage, and posterior roots do not. PMID- 3491181 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilisation in chronic alcoholics: a positron tomographic study. AB - Using positron tomography, a study of regional cerebral glucose utilisation was performed prospectively in a highly selected group of six neurologically unaffected primary chronic alcoholics. In this group, neuropsychological, behavioural and CT scan anomalies were comparable with those previously reported in more extensive studies. With respect to age-matched control values, cerebral metabolic rate was not significantly modified in the selected cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions of interest. However, the metabolic regional distribution index, which reflects the distribution pattern of glucose utilisation, was selectively and significantly decreased in the medio-frontal area, pointing to a limbic metabolic dysfunction apparently linked to chronic alcoholism. PMID- 3491182 TI - Brain metabolism in patients with schizophrenia before and after acute neuroleptic administration. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-2-deoxyglucose (11DG) was used to compare regional brain metabolism in four patients with chronic schizophrenia who had no history of psychotropic medication and in 12 normal controls. Patients had a second PET scan after an injection of thiothixene to evaluate the effects of acute neuroleptics on glucose metabolism. The patients showed higher glucose metabolic values than the normals and did not show the metabolic hypofrontality reported in chronic medicated patients with schizophrenia. Administration of the neuroleptic did not have a significant effect in the metabolic pattern of the patients. These results give support to the hypothesis that prolonged medication may contribute to the metabolic hypofrontal pattern seen in patients with schizophrenia. PMID- 3491183 TI - Sex distribution, age of onset and HLA profiles in two types of multiple sclerosis. A role for sex hormones and microbial infections in the development of autoimmunity? AB - Fifty-four patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis were typed for HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. HLA-DQ was not a better disease marker than the previously described HLA-DR and B markers. The patients were subdivided according to the clinical evolution of their disease, age at onset and sex. HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with females having a relapsing-remitting course of the disease and HLA-B8 and B35 were significantly associated with males having a chronic-progressive course of the disease. A role is postulated for defects in the sex hormone balance in females and for microbial infections in males as dominant environmental triggers in the development of autoreactivity. PMID- 3491184 TI - Results of treatment of advanced-stage Burkitt's lymphoma and B cell (SIg+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high-dose fractionated cyclophosphamide and coordinated high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine. AB - To address the problem of historically poor results in the treatment of children with advanced-stage Burkitt's lymphoma and B cell (SIg+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), an intensive chemotherapy regimen was devised using the most effective single agents in high-dose short courses. Treatment commenced with a fractionated schedule of intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2 every 12 hours for six doses) followed immediately by Adriamycin (50 mg/m2) and vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) with combined intrathecal (IT) methotrexate and cytarabine. Predictably, this treatment produced virtually complete disappearance of all tumor and profound myelosuppression. Immediately on hematologic recovery, IV high-dose methotrexate (1,000 mg/m2 over 24 hours) followed by IV cytarabine (400 mg/m2 over the next 48 hours) was administered with leucovorin rescue and repeated IT treatments. The treatment sequence described above is repeated four times, with the dose of cytarabine doubled in succeeding courses, up to 3,200 mg/m2. The entire planned therapy required approximately 24 weeks. Since 1981, we treated a total of 29 children with this approach, 19 of whom had massive unresectable intraabdominal tumor. According to initial extent of disease, 17 were classified as stage III, four as stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and eight as B cell ALL. Eight of the 12 patients with stage IV NHL or B cell ALL had initial involvement of the CNS. Twenty-seven of 29 patients (93%) attained a complete remission. Fourteen of 17 stage III NHL patients remain disease free, for periods ranging from 3+ months to 4 1/2+ years. The actuarial estimate of the proportion of stage III patients remaining disease free at 2 years is 81%. Results in patients with initial involvement of the CNS and/or marrow are much less favorable, with only two of ten patients who attained remission apparently being cured. In addition to stage, the initial serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level emerged as a prognostic indicator, higher levels (over 1,000 IU/L) being associated with the worst prognosis (P less than .05). Major toxicity consisted of severe hematopoietic suppression and febrile episodes associated with neutropenia. We conclude that this treatment is highly effective for advanced stage Burkitt's tumors in children free of initial CNS involvement. PMID- 3491185 TI - Reflex and mechanical contributions to head stabilization in alert cats. AB - Five alert cats were tested for their responses to rotation in a device that allowed rotation of the head on the trunk about a vertical axis passing through the C1-C2 vertebral joint. Electrodes were implanted to record the horizontal and vertical electrooculogram and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the dorsal neck muscles splenius, biventer cervicus, and complexus. Head rotation and torque acting on the head were recorded in the horizontal plane during rotations in the 0.05-5.0 Hz frequency range. Responses were interpreted with reference to a closed-loop dynamic model of the head-neck system. Whole-body rotation (WBR) with no neck movement elicited a vestibulocollic reflex (VCR). Neck muscle EMG lagged the sinusoidal platform rotation by approximately 120 degrees at low frequencies, which represents a 60 degrees lead relative to a perfectly compensatory 180 degrees lag. This phase lead was related to the cumulative eye position of the accompanying horizontal vestibular nystagmus as reported by Vidal et al. Horizontal head torque exhibited a similar low-frequency behavior. At high frequencies, EMG exhibited a progressively increasing phase lead and gain increase typical of a second-order lead system as described in decerebrate cats. Torque, however, showed much less lead and gain increase, presumably because of the low-pass filter properties of the process coupling muscle excitation to torque. Head torque did exhibit a steep increase in gain with frequency and a phase approaching that of platform acceleration at high frequencies when weights were attached to the head to increase its moment of inertia. The same +40 dB/decade gain slope and phase approaching 0 degree was observed during WBR rotation of the anesthetized cat in which head inertia is the only factor contributing to the torque. This dynamic behavior was predicted by the inertial component of the model. In the alert unweighted cat, the inertial torque was smaller than VCR-generated torque at frequencies below 4 Hz. Rotation of the neck with the head held fixed in space (HFS rotation) elicited a cervicocollic reflex (CCR). Neck EMG response was very similar to that observed during WBR, both in dynamic behavior and overall gain. Torque, however, was consistently greater than that generated by WBR and showed a steady increase of 8 dB/decade as frequency rose. The added torque can be attributed to the viscoelastic properties of neck muscles. Driven rotation of the head on the fixed body elicited torques that could be closely approximated by a vector sum of torques observed during WBR and HFS rotations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3491186 TI - Responses of interneurons in the cat cervical cord to vestibular tilt stimulation. AB - The responses of interneurons in the cervical spinal cord of the decerebrate cat to whole-body tilt were studied with a goal of identifying spinal elements in the production of forelimb vestibular postural reflexes. Interneurons both in the cervical enlargement and at higher levels, from which propriospinal neurons have been identified, were examined, both in animals with intact labyrinths and in animals with nonfunctional semicircular canals (canal plugged). Most cervical interneurons responding to tilt respond best to rotations in vertical planes aligned within 30 degrees of the roll plane. Two to three times as many neurons are excited by side-up roll tilt as are excited by side-down roll. In cats with intact labyrinths, most responses have dynamics proportional either to (and in phase with) the position of the animal or to a sum of position and tilt velocity. This is consistent with input from both otolith organs and semicircular canals. In animals without functioning canals, the "velocity" response is absent. In a few cells (8 out of 76), a more complex response, characterized by an increasing gain and progressive phase lag, was observed. These response dynamics characterize the forelimb reflex in canal-plugged cats and have been previously observed in vestibular neurons in such preparations. PMID- 3491187 TI - Normal pressure hydrocephalus: relationship among clinical picture, CT scan and intracranial pressure monitoring. AB - Fifty-five patients suffering from normal pressure hydrocephalus were considered. All patients underwent chronic intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring for at least 24 h. The decision to perform surgery was made on the basis of the ICP monitoring data only. A retrospective analysis on clinical pictures, CT findings and ICP monitoring data was carried out in the attempt to find more selective criteria, in order to submit patients to chronic ICP monitoring. Clinical findings showed controversial data, whereas the enlargement of the III ventricle showed a strict, but not absolute, correlation to pathological pressure profiles. The follow-up of non-shunted patients is briefly discussed. PMID- 3491188 TI - Technetium-99m-d, 1-HM-PAO: a new radiopharmaceutical for imaging regional brain perfusion using SPECT--a comparison with iodine-123 HIPDM. AB - A new radiopharmaceutical, technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc d, 1-HM-PAO), has been reported to cross the blood-brain-barrier and to distribute in brain in proportion to regional blood flow. This study reports brain imaging obtained with 99mTc-d,1 HM-PAO in 20 subjects; seven without evidence of cerebral disease and 13 with cerebrovascular disorders. In 16 patients comparative data were available with N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3 methyl-5-iodobenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine ([123I]HIPDM). Technetium-99m-d, 1-HM-PAO is retained sufficiently long to allow single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with widely available rotating gamma camera systems. The kinetics demonstrated a rapid brain uptake and prolonged retention of activity in cerebral structures. Good tomographic images are obtained with much higher uptake in gray than in white matter. Blood flow maps are comparable to those achieved with [123I]HIPDM and established strokes were clearly seen, with similar details as in HIPDM studies. Delayed studies showed that the distribution in the brain remained virtually unchanged. Technetium-99m-d, 1-HM-PAO imaging appears particularly promising in routine examination of patients with cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 3491189 TI - Positron imaging of myocardial infarction with rubidium-82. AB - Positron imaging provides tomographic images of regional myocardial perfusion but has required an on-site cyclotron. Rubidium-82 (82Rb) is a short-lived (T1/2 = 75 sec) positron emitter available from a generator. In order to determine the feasibility for its use to image acute myocardial infarction, 18 patients with transmural infarctions who had coronary arteriography were given 30-40 mCi of 82Rb intravenously and positron tomographic imaging was carried out within 96 hr after onset of symptoms. Nine simultaneous transaxial slices were obtained for each patient with a positron camera. Images were also reconstructed in a long axis, short-axis, and three-dimensional display. One study could not be interpreted because of excessive lung activity. Fourteen normals were also studied. The infarct related artery determined by angiography was correctly diagnosed by positron imaging in all 17 patients as were all three prior infarcts by readers blinded to the clinical data. No defects were observed in normals or in noninfarcted myocardial regions. This study indicates that 82Rb should be useful for perfusion imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The short half-life of 82Rb should make it ideal for providing serial assessment of perfusion in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 3491190 TI - Interpolating scan and oblique-angle tomograms in myocardial PET using nitrogen 13 ammonia. AB - The effect of low sensitivity areas or gaps between adjacent slices of the multislice positron emission tomography on detection of myocardial perfusion abnormality with 13NH3 was evaluated segmentally in 36 patients with coronary artery disease at rest or during exercise. The detectability of the defects in RCA or LAD region was 80% in single-position scans in stress studies. The false negative defects were located mainly in the inferior wall, apicoinferior wall, or high anterior wall. When the patients were moved half the slice interval to perform the interpolating scan, and the two sets of images were interlaced with each other, the detectability increased to 88%. The interpolating scan also allowed reconstruction of long-axis and short-axis tomograms in high quality, which further improved the detectability of perfusion defects (100% for RCA or LAD and 75% for LCX lesion) and helped in understanding the anatomic relationships to the coronary artery territories. PMID- 3491191 TI - Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening chest pain using thallium scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography. AB - Although used extensively, there is little published information on the prognostic ability of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. Accordingly, 1 yr after testing we contacted 819 patients without previous MI or CABG seen in our laboratory during a 2-yr period. Events were defined as death from a cardiovascular cause, nonfatal MI, or worsening clinical state requiring CABG. The event rate was 3.9 events per 100 patients per year. There was univariate prognostic information when comparing the highest and lowest categories as risk ratios for chest pain characteristics (2.7), sex (2.3), exercise duration (3.1), ST slope (2.5), and thallium pattern (11.6), intensity of perfusion defect (17.2), and number of abnormal regions (8.7). However, the strongest predictors were also the least common. Prognostic ability was improved by combining the results categorically, as the number of abnormal tests (13.9). The highest risk ratio, 20.5:1, was obtained by combining results through discriminant function analysis. We conclude that exercise thallium scintigraphy provides prognostic information, although the most predictive patterns are uncommon. Combining the results of multiple test results improves the prognostic ability. PMID- 3491192 TI - Glucose transport and utilization in the human brain: model using carbon-11 methylglucose and positron emission tomography. AB - 3-0-[11C]-Methyl-D-glucose (CMG) is specifically suited for measuring carrier facilitated glucose (G) transport; it enters the free G pool in tissue from where it is not utilized for metabolism in contrast to G, but is transported back into circulation. The ratio of carrier affinity for G and CMG was reported to be 1.11. By simultaneously measuring CMG concentration in plasma and in cerebral cortex in vivo with positron tomography at 1-min intervals for 40 min, two time-activity curves are obtained, as reported previously, which together with the G concentration in plasma yield the in vivo rate constants of G transport across the blood-brain barrier and the rate of G inflow; a repeat measurement at a different G concentration in plasma gives the in vivo Michaelis-Menten constant KM and the maximal rate of transport VMAX. The present paper summarizes and extends this approach to analyzing the free G pool in tissue, the rate of G return to circulation, and the rate of G exit into metabolism with its corresponding rate constants. The data from six volunteers agreed with results reported for the individual biochemical parameters in primate brains. PMID- 3491194 TI - Performance changes of an Anger camera in magnetic fields up to 10 G. AB - Magnetic fields much larger than the earth's magnetic field can exist many feet away from NMR units. Gamma camera manufacturers already shield photomultiplier tubes from the earth's magnetic field (approximately 0.5 G). The effects of larger magnetic fields on an Anger camera, were made in fields up to 10 G. Sensitivity and positional stability were studied as a function of gantry angle in a magnetic field. Scans of uniform and hot rod sections of and ECT phantom were also performed. No visible artifacts were found in reconstructions of the phantom measured in a 5-G magnetic field, although some small sensitivity and linearity effects did exist. In 10-G fields, planar and reconstructed images were grossly distorted. Magnetic shielding placed across the collimator reduced the influence of the magnetic field but at a cost in sensitivity that varies with photon energy. PMID- 3491193 TI - Improved delineation of human dopamine receptors using [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol and PET. AB - The brain uptake of [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol, a butyrophenone neuroleptic with high selectivity for the dopamine receptor, has been measured in three normal human volunteers using positron emission tomography for times up to 12 hr postinjection. These studies demonstrated two unique findings concerning the in vivo distribution of this neuroleptic: (a) it is tightly bound to dopamine D-2 receptors in the caudate-putamen brain regions, and (b) these regions are the only large brain structures which exhibit appreciable long-term retention. In addition, radioactivity clears rapidly from plasma, and the percentage of unchanged [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol in plasma declines rapidly. These results suggest that this compound binds irreversibly to dopamine D-2 receptors, and that there are few if any dopamine D-2 receptors in the human frontal cortex. These studies emphasize not only the importance of characterizing neurotransmitter receptors in living human brain using a ligand labeled with a positron emitting nuclide of sufficiently long half-life to allow monitoring of brain radioactivity distribution for several hours after the injection of radioligand, but also of accurately determining the amount of unchanged tracer in plasma for tracer kinetic modeling. PMID- 3491195 TI - Multigated blood-pool tomography: new method for the assessment of left ventricular function. AB - A technique for the semiautomatic calculation of left ventricular volumes from multigated blood-pool tomograms (MGBPT) was tested in a series of 12 patients undergoing contrast ventriculography within 48 hr of gated tomography. The parameters necessary for the calculation of volume were developed in a chest phantom study performed with a series of 99mTc-filled balloons representing the right and left ventricles. The images were analyzed for volume using a percentage of peak count-threshold of the left ventricular balloon. This technique resulted in a correlation of r = 0.99 of the calculated to the true phantom volumes (y = 0.87x + 27.4, p less than 0.01, s.e.e. = 7.87 ml). The patient studies were recorded at 16 frames/cardiac cycle at each of 60 angles over a 360 degree rotation. Reconstructed data were presented in an endless loop cine format producing a set of sequential "beating tomographic slices" in the transverse, apical four-chamber, short-axis, and long-axis oblique views. Measurements of end systolic volume (y = 0.79x + 30, r = 0.93, p less than 0.001, s.e.e. = 24 ml), end-diastolic volume (y = 0.63x + 60, r = 0.94, p less than 0.0001, s.e.e. = 20 ml) and ejection fraction (y = 0.88x - 0.02, r = 0.92, p less than 0.001, s.e.e. = 0.08) determined from the semiautomated volume method correlated well with those determined by left ventricular contrast angiography. A qualitative comparison of MGBPT, planar imaging, and left ventricular angiography in 12 patients revealed that the visual assessment of wall motion using the 16-frame tomographic slices had significant advantages over planar and single plane angiographic data in the identification of inferior, basal, and septal wall motion abnormalities as well as the extent of involvement by aneurysm formation. A quantitative comparison of wall motion in the long-axis oblique view of the MGBPT to the RAO 30 degree ventriculogram (y = 0.74x + 8.7, r = 0.82, p less than 0.0001, s.e.e. = 14%) confirmed the qualitative similarity of these two views. We conclude that MGBPT is promising as a method for accurately measuring left ventricular volumes and assessing regional wall motion. PMID- 3491196 TI - Deadtime correction method using random coincidence for PET. AB - A deadtime correction method is proposed for quantitative measurements in positron emission tomography. The correction is based on the observation that a deadtime loss of the random coincidence events corresponds to that of the single events and of the total coincidence events. Using the proposed correction method, the deadtime loss was kept within 1% up to the true coincidence rate of 50 X 10(3) cps per plane for a cylindrical phantom of 20 cm in diameter. Accuracy of the method is confirmed to be independent of the size of the object. PMID- 3491197 TI - Cerebral blood flow-to-blood volume imaging by SPECT. PMID- 3491199 TI - Occupational allergy to laboratory animals: an epidemiologic study. AB - A cross-sectional study has been carried out at The National Institutes of Health to examine the prevalence of laboratory animal allergy (LAA) in a population exposed to animals, and to compare the prevalence of general allergy in the exposed v a control group. A group of 289 workers with light-to-moderate exposure to animals, 260 with heavy exposure, and 242 control subjects were interviewed. A slightly greater prevalence of general allergy was found among those working with laboratory animals (39%), than in the control group (33.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of LAA in the total exposed group was 23.9%. A history of atopic problems and history of allergy to domestic animals correlated significantly with LAA, as did the number of species of animals handled and the average number of hours per week exposed to laboratory animals, with evidence of dose-response relationships. PMID- 3491198 TI - Failure of glucagon to improve detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding using technetium-99m red blood cells. PMID- 3491201 TI - Relationship between submandibular salivary glands and the immune response of mice. PMID- 3491200 TI - Reduction of blood pressure and restoration of T-cell immune function in spontaneously hypertensive rats by food restriction and/or by treadmill exercise. AB - The studies were carried out to compare the effects of food restriction and/or treadmill exercise on the development of high blood pressure and to compare immune function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The results demonstrate that moderate food restriction from weaning or a regular treadmill exercise not only maintains significantly lower blood pressure, but also increases T-cell proliferative response against mitogens which is found to be significantly depressed in SHR fed ad libitum. A significant loss of T-cell subpopulation such as W3/25+ T helper cells and OX8+ non-helper T-cells occurring in mice fed ad libitum were restored to normal levels, including IL-2 response, in food restricted SHR. Our results suggest that both food restriction and/or physical exercise is effective in modulating the blood pressure and increasing T-cell immune functions in SHR. PMID- 3491202 TI - [Phasic components of isolated frog utricle--the effect of pH value]. PMID- 3491203 TI - [T-cell subpopulation in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis defined by monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3491204 TI - [Differential localization of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar nodulus and uvula projecting to the vestibular nuclei in cats]. PMID- 3491205 TI - Cluster differentiation antigen expression, proliferative activity and clinical stage in centroblastic centrocytic lymphomas. AB - Using a panel of B-cell antibodies recognizing clusters of leucocyte differentiation antigens, immunostaining patterns of eight reactive lymph nodes and 28 centroblastic/centrocytic and centrocytic lymphomas have been studied. Centroblastic/centrocytic and centrocytic lymphomas retained many of the B-cell differentiation antigens and neoplastic follicles partially recapitulated the staining patterns observed in reactive follicles. Centrocytic lymphomas usually expressed a heavy chain mantle zone-like phenotype. Nearly one-half of follicular lymphomas showed extension of neoplastic cells into interfollicular areas as evidenced by positivity for CD10 (common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and/or CD9 (immature B-cell) and CD23 (B-blast cell) antigens. Cases showing interfollicular involvement also manifested considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Light chain restriction could not be used to determine interfollicular involvement because of the presence of many non-neoplastic cells. Most follicular lymphomas retained a polyclonal mantle around at least some neoplastic follicles and in no case was a monoclonal mantle seen. Most lymphomas (16/21) were diploid when examined by flow cytometry. Diploid tumours exhibiting interfollicular lymphomatous involvement had high proliferation (S + G2) fractions and these lymph nodes were usually derived from patients with widespread disease. Tumours containing a high percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phases displayed fewer B-cell differentiation antigens than tumours with low G0/G1 fractions. PMID- 3491206 TI - Acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage in extracapsular cataract surgery. AB - The incidence of acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage (AISH) was studied in 2,839 consecutive extracapsular cataract extraction cases operated by nucleus expression and phacoemulsification. Twenty-five eyes (0.9%) were identified with this complication. Acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage was defined as the acute accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space which resulted from a presumed suprachoroidal hemorrhage at the time of surgery. Preoperative risk factors for the development of this complication included advanced age and the presence of glaucoma. Sex, controlled hypertension, long axial length, and method of cataract removal could not be identified as significant risk factors. Recognition of the early signs of AISH and initiation of rapid wound closure followed by the completion of secondary operations performed the next day helped to meet the surgical objective and to provide excellent visual results, with 21 eyes (84%) having a visual acuity of 20/30 or better. PMID- 3491207 TI - Androgen binding in the brain and electric organ of a mormyrid fish. AB - The mormyrid fish of Africa produce a weak electric pulse called an Electric Organ Discharge (EOD) that functions in electrical guidance and communication. The EOD waveform describes the appearance of a single pulse which is produced by the electric organ's excitable cells, the electrocytes. For some species, there is a sex difference in the appearance and duration of the EOD waveform, which is under the control of gonadal steroid hormones. We now show, using biochemical techniques, that the steroid-sensitivity of the myogenic electric organ correlates with the presence of comparatively high levels of androgen-binding activity in the cytosol of electrocytes. The EOD rhythm describes the rate at which the electric organ fires and is under the control of a central electromotor pathway. Sex differences have also been described for the EOD rhythm. Using steroid autoradiographic techniques, we found uptake of tritium-labelled dihydrotestosterone (3H-DHT) by cells within the reticular formation that lie adjacent to the medullary 'relay nucleus' which innervates the spinal electromotoneurons that excite the electric organ. However, no DHT-binding was observed in the relay or electromotor nuclei. Steroid-concentrating cells were also found in several other brainstem regions, the hypothalamus, and the thalamus. In particular, a group of DHT-concentrating, motoneuron-like cells were observed in the caudal medulla and were identified as a swimbladder or sonic motor nucleus. The biochemical data suggest that the electric organ has evolved a sensitivity to gonadal steroid hormones that may underlie the development of known sex differences in the EOD waveform. The autoradiographic results suggest that if steroids do affect the development of sex differences in the EOD rhythm, it is at some level removed from known spinal and medullary electromotor nuclei. PMID- 3491208 TI - A case of leucocoria caused by visceral larva migrans. AB - A four-year-old boy was seen in the Eye Department at the Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, Woolwich, because his parents had noticed that his right pupil appeared white. The diagnosis of toxocaral endophthalmitis was later made. The pathogenesis and management of infestation by Toxocara species are described. PMID- 3491209 TI - Structure-activity studies of 4,6-disubstituted 2-(morpholinocarbonyl)furo[3,2 b]indole derivatives with analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. AB - 4,6-Disubstituted 2-(morpholinocarbonyl)furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives showed analgesic and antiinflammatory activities when assayed by the acetic acid writhing test in mice and the carrageenin edema test in rats. To understand how the substituents affect the biological activities, the quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) of 38 compounds were analyzed using the adaptive least-squares method (ALS method). The resulting QSAR suggested that some chemical modifications of 4,6-disubstituted furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives would improve their biological activities. Thus, 15 additional compounds were synthesized to reinforce and confirm the correlation. Among these compounds, particularly 4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-2-(morpholinocarbonyl)-6-(trifluoromethy l) furo[3,2-b]indole showed pronounced biological activities. This compound gave a pharmacological activity spectrum similar to that of tiaramide but exhibited much higher potency. PMID- 3491210 TI - Analgetic and antiinflammatory 7-aroylbenzofuran-5-ylacetic acids and 7 aroylbenzothiophene-5-ylacetic acids. AB - A number of 7-benzoylbenzofuran-5-ylacetic acids and 7-benzoylbenzothiophene-5 ylacetic acids were synthesized. The compounds were generally only 1/2 to 3 times as potent as phenylbutazone in the rat paw edema antiinflammatory assay. However, they show greater activity as analgetic agents. The most active compound is 7-[4 (methylthio)-benzoyl]benzofuran-5-ylacetic acid (5g) having 57 times the potency of aspirin in the mouse writhing analgetic assay. This compound caused virtually no gastric ulceration in rats at doses of up to 90 mg/kg. PMID- 3491211 TI - A longitudinal study of numbers of males and females in mental retardation services by age, IQ and placement. AB - A year-by-year analysis up to age 22 was carried out of the numbers of males and females in a birth cohort receiving mental retardation services in a British city. A slight excess of males was found during childhood, with the largest excess occurring at the upper end of the IQ range, the borderline area for classifying children as mentally retarded. There was also a large male excess found in residential care at each age. During the young adult years, this predominance of males in residential care was offset by an excess of females attending day care centres, leading to almost equality of numbers of males and females receiving some sort of services during this period. Possible explanations for the findings were discussed. PMID- 3491212 TI - Structural and regulatory divergence among site-specific recombination genes of lambdoid phage. AB - The lambdoid bacteriophage phi 80 and P22 have site-specific recombination systems similar to that of lambda. Each of the three phage has a different insertion specificity, but structural analysis of their attachment sites suggests that the three recombination pathways share similar features. In this study, we have identified and sequenced the int and xis genes of phi 80 and P22. phi 80 int and xis were identified using a plasmid recombination assay in vivo, and the P22 genes were mapped using Tn1 insertion mutations. In all three phage, the site specific recombination genes are located directly adjacent to the phage attachment site. Interestingly, the transcriptional orientation of the phi 80 int gene is opposite to that of lambda and P22 int, resulting in convergent transcription of phi 80 int and xis. Because of its transcriptional orientation, phi 80 int cannot be expressed by the major leftward promoter, PL, and the regulatory strategy of phi 80 integration and excision must differ significantly from that of lambda. The deduced amino acid sequences of the recombination proteins of the three systems show surprisingly little homology. Sequences homologous to the lambda PI promoter are more conserved than the protein-coding sequences. Nevertheless, the Int proteins are locally related in the C-terminal sequences, particularly for a stretch of some 25 amino acid residues that lie approximately 50 residues from the C terminus. The Xis proteins can be aligned at their N termini. PMID- 3491213 TI - Local melting in the subfragment-2 region of myosin in activated muscle and its correlation with contractile force. AB - Local melting within the subfragment-2 region of activated rabbit skeletal glycerinated muscle fibers has been investigated over the temperature range 5 to 37 degrees C, using an enzyme (chymotrypsin)-probe method. The cleavage rates were determined from the time-course of formation of digestion products by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels. We found the cleavage sites to be localized in a restricted region Mr = 64,000 to 90,000/polypeptide chain, measured from the C terminus of the myosin rod (the subfragment-2 hinge domain). The cleavage rate constant for activated muscle fibers in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system was about 100 times larger at each temperature than that for rigor or for relaxed muscle fibers and showed a marked increase in magnitude with increasing temperature. Comparative plots of the apparent rate-constant for cleavage within the subfragment-2 hinge domain and the isometric force generated by active fibers versus MgATP concentration gave closely similar profiles suggesting a strong positive correlation. Thus, there appears to be a close coupling between the conformational transition within the subfragment-2 hinge domain and contractile force when the cross-bridges undergo cycling. PMID- 3491214 TI - Amber mutants in gene 67 of phage T4. Effects on formation and shape determination of the head. AB - Two amber mutations in gene 67 of bacteriophage T4 were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and the resulting mutated genes were recombined back into the phage genome and their phenotype was studied. The 67amK1 mutation is close to the amino terminus of the gene, and phage carrying this mutation are unable to form plaques on suppressor-negative hosts. A second mutation, 67amK2, which lies in the middle of the gene, three codons N-terminal to a proteolytic cleavage site, produces a small number of viable phage particles. In suppressor-negative hosts, both mutants produce polyheads and proheads. 67amK1 assembles only few proheads that have a disorganized core structure, as judged from thin sections of infected cells. The proheads and the mature phages of both mutants are mainly isometric rather than having the usual prolate shape. Depending on the 67 mutant and the host, between 20% and 73% of the particles that are produced are isometric, and 1 to 10% are two-tailed biprolate particles. 67amK2 phages grown on a supD suppressor strain that inserts serine in place of the wild-type leucine do not contain gp67* derived from gene product 67 (gp67) by proteolytic cleavage. This demonstrates the importance of the correct amino acid at this position in the protein. Other abnormalities in these 67amK2 phages are the presence of uncleaved scaffolding core proteins (IPIII and gp68), indicating a structural alteration in the prohead scaffold, resulting in only partial cleavage. In wild-type phages these proteins are found in the head only in the cleaved form. With double-mutants of 67 with mutations in the major shell protein gp23 no naked scaffolding cores were found, confirming the necessity of gp67 for the assembly or persistence of a "normal" core. PMID- 3491215 TI - Protection of ischemic hearts by Ca2+ antagonists. AB - Treatment of isolated, working rat hearts with equiactive conditions of buffer containing low Ca2+ (LC), verapamil (Ver), diltiazem (Dil) or nifedipine (Nif) prior to global ischemia (33 min, 37 degrees C) resulted in an equal enhancement in recovery of contractile function, and high energy phosphate (HEP) stores in reperfused hearts. Treatment only during reperfusion did not enhance recovery or HEP stores. Pretreatment with doses which did not depress preischemic contractile function did not afford protection to globally ischemic hearts. In contrast with Dil (2.5 uM), pretreatment with an equiactive concentration of bepridil (Bep) (20 uM) did not preserve contractile function, HEP, or mitochondrial function and did not reduce Ca2+ overload. The Ca2+ was concentrated in mitochondria of hearts receiving no drug or Bep pretreatment (oxalate-pyroantimonate stain). Increasing concentrations of Ver or Dil given before ischemia resulted in a progressive increase in recovery of contractile function which was proportional to depression of preischemic function. The increase in HEP in these hearts was not proportional to drug concentration, preischemic or postischemic function. Pretreatment with Dil reduced lactate production in both normal and K+-arrested ischemic hearts. Energy preservation is only part of the protective mechanisms of Ca2+ antagonists. The Ca2+ antagonists also reduce Ca2+ overload from reperfusion, and may alter Ca2+ compartmentation during ischemia. PMID- 3491216 TI - Uninsured risk groups in a national survey of black Americans. AB - Comprehensive data on risk groups within the black population are lacking because of the small number of black Americans usually sampled in national health surveys. Health policy, planning, and service delivery can be substantially improved by having data that reveal the specific health concerns of blacks within these different risk groups. This paper describes the demographic characteristics of the uninsured in a national sample of adult (18 years and older) black Americans. The poor, farmers, unemployed, young (18 to 25 years) and pre-retired (55 to 64 years) were the most likely to be uninsured. Persons living in the South and in rural locations were also more likely to be uninsured than blacks in the North and in urban areas. Implications for health policy and health care delivery are discussed. PMID- 3491217 TI - Suppressive effect of O,O-dimethyl, S-ethyl phosphorothioate on immune response. AB - The effect of O,O-dimethyl, S-ethyl phosphorothioate (OO-Me S-Et) on macrophage function and the responses of T- and B-cells of the immune system were investigated using an in vitro model. The role of glutathione (GSH) enhancement of OO-Me S-Et suppression of immune responses was studied after either direct culturing with spleen or B-cells alone or coculture of B-cells with either B- or T-cells with or without preincubation with OO-Me S-Et and glutathione enriched cytosol. The results indicated that OO-Me S-Et, when preincubated with GSH, suppresses immune responses through an inhibition of B- and T-cell functions. Both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) generation and antibody production were impaired. In mixing experiments of pretreated and normal cells, the inhibitory effect was also observed on macrophages and helper T-cells responding to a T dependent antigen. It appears that the immunosuppressive effect of OO-Me S-Et is due to impairment of collaboration of T- and B-cells, i.e., mainly due to impairment of T-cell functions. The immunotoxic effect was only detectable when glutathione was present in the preincubation mixture. PMID- 3491218 TI - Orthogonal arrays of particles in the plasma membrane of pneumocytes. AB - The presence of orthogonal arrays of particles (OAP) in pneumocytic membranes was studied using freeze-fracture replicas of lung tissue from turtles, frogs and various mammalian species, including man. OAP are typically present in the basal plasma membrane of pneumocytes in turtles and frogs, while they have only been detected in the plasma membrane of type I cells in human lungs among the mammalian species studied. The median of particles per OAP was 10 (range 4-40) in lower vertebrates and 8 (range 4-24) in man. The mean density of OAP per unit cell surface varied between 40 and 60/micron2. The frequent occurrence of OAP in pneumocytic membranes in the lungs of man, turtles, and frogs suggests that they are related to a specific, although undetermined pulmonary function which is restricted to the ciliated airway epithelium in those mammalian species lacking OAP in the alveolar epithelium. PMID- 3491219 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in amoebic liver abscess. AB - Cell-mediated immunity studies were carried out in 26 cases of amoebic liver abscess by the leucocyte migration inhibition test and in 23 cases by T-cell counting. The tests were repeated after treatment and clinical recovery in 20 and 18 cases respectively. In addition, the leucocyte migration inhibition test was performed on 20 normal healthy controls and 11 Entamoeba histolytica cyst passers, and T-cell counting was carried out on 18 normal healthy controls and nine E. histolytica passers. The results of the present study show a transient state of immunodepression which may help E. histolytica to evade the defence mechanism of the host, and thereby invade target cells and produce liver abscess. This immune response is reversed after treatment and clinical recovery. PMID- 3491220 TI - Orbital histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii: successful treatment with Septrin. AB - Four children with orbital histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (one of whom had been unsuccessfully treated with amphotericin-B) were treated with a combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole (Septrin) and surgical drainage. All patients improved markedly during therapy with resolution of the lesions, and with no recurrence of infection in three patients, 1 year later. The fourth patient was lost to follow-up. Treatment was devoid of side effects. These findings clearly indicate that Septrin could be a safe alternative to amphotericin-B for the treatment of African histoplasmosis, especially in patients presenting with solitary or localized lesions. PMID- 3491222 TI - A growing industry and menace: makeshift laboratory's designer drugs. PMID- 3491223 TI - Leads from the MMWR. New recommended schedule for active immunization of normal infants and children. PMID- 3491221 TI - Direct role of viral hemagglutinin in B-cell mitogenesis by influenza viruses. AB - The mitogenic activity of influenza virus is a function of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule. Purified HA is mitogenic for murine B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes. Furthermore, like the intact virus, HA of the H2 (but not H3) subtype is mitogenic only for B cells expressing the class II major histocompatibility complex glycoprotein I-E. Since virus bearing uncleaved HA is as mitogenic as virus bearing cleaved HA, the membrane fusion activity of the HA molecule is not involved. PMID- 3491224 TI - Medical care costs of AIDS in Massachusetts. AB - Previous investigation has suggested that the direct cost of medical care for the 24,011 reported patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be as high as $147,000 per patient. To evaluate the use and cost of medical services for patients with AIDS in Massachusetts, we performed a one-year cost of illness study of 45 AIDS patients. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as information on medical utilization were obtained from review of outpatient and hospital records. Patients with AIDS required a mean of 3.3 (+/- 3.2) hospitalizations per year and 18.4 (+/- 21.8) ambulatory visits per year. Overall, medical costs averaged $46,505 +/- $38,720 per patient per year, with 91% of these expenditures related to use of inpatient services. These results suggest that the cost of medical care for AIDS patients may be substantially less than previously estimated. PMID- 3491226 TI - The management of bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 3491225 TI - High-dose recombinant interleukin 2 in the treatment of patients with disseminated cancer. Responses, treatment-related morbidity, and histologic findings. AB - Experience with the administration of high doses of interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone is described herein. Ten patients with a variety of malignant disorders unresponsive to conventional treatments were treated with at least 30,000 U/kg of IL-2 by bolus administration three times a day. Patients were treated intravenously or intraperitoneally from four to 21 days in a single course, usually interrupted by a week of recovery. Three of six patients with melanoma experienced an objective regression (greater than 50% decrease in volume); there was no response to treatment in patients with colorectal (0/3) or ovarian (0/1) cancer. Two patients with initial objective regressions who subsequently developed progression were re treated and one sustained a second partial response. Responses lasted 1, 3, and 7 months without additional treatment. Responses in the three patients with melanoma were in visceral sites (lung, liver, and spleen), as well as cutaneous sites in one patient. Progressive shrinkage of tumors for three to six months after the conclusion of therapy has been noted in two patients. Marked lymphocytic infiltrate was noted in a patient with lesions accessible to repeated biopsies. This study demonstrates that the administration of IL-2 can mediate the regression of established cancer in some patients. PMID- 3491227 TI - [Endoscopic resection with local injection of HSE (ERHSE) in early gastric carcinomas]. AB - We have developed a new therapeutic method of endoscopic resection with local injection of HSE (ERHSE) for the early gastric carcinomas. ERHSE was performed for a total of seventy eight lesions of seventy five cases. Seventy eight early gastric carcinomas consisted of IIc (35), IIa (32), I (6), IIa + IIc (4) and IIc + IIa (1). Ten cases out of 75 underwent gastrectomy, because the invasion of carcinoma was detected in the submucosa or to the resected margin. No evidence of local recurrence has been obtained in the sixty five cases treated by this method. PMID- 3491228 TI - [The role of interleukin-3 (IL-3) in hemopoiesis]. PMID- 3491229 TI - [Actions and in vivo role of burst-promoting activity (BPA)]. PMID- 3491230 TI - [Human urinary megakaryocyte colony and thrombopoiesis stimulating factor]. PMID- 3491232 TI - [Effect of activated T lymphocytes on the regulation of hematopoiesis]. PMID- 3491231 TI - [Regulatory factors in granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis--analyses of human colony stimulating factors]. PMID- 3491233 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy using cytapheresis]. PMID- 3491234 TI - [Image diagnosis and the diagnostic rate of small pancreatic neoplasms--efficacy and limits. 5). Emission CT]. PMID- 3491235 TI - [The present status of clinical nuclear cardiology]. PMID- 3491236 TI - [Local distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in non-specific inflammatory bowel disease]. PMID- 3491237 TI - [123I-IMP SPECT in patients with brain tumor--a comparison with the 133Xe inhalation method and X-CT]. PMID- 3491238 TI - [Evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy by stress Tl-201 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)--comparison with an old myocardial infarction with dilated left ventricle and the relationship between SPECT findings and left ventriculographic findings]. PMID- 3491239 TI - [Improvement of the rotating gamma camera SPECT image with I-123--a study of a adequate collimator and rotation radius]. PMID- 3491241 TI - [Development and performance evaluation of whole body emission scannography with Positologica-II]. PMID- 3491240 TI - [Factors affecting accuracy of tomographic measurement of rCBF by Headtome]. PMID- 3491242 TI - Microelectrode depth study of electroretinographic b- and d-waves in frog retina. AB - The depth profiles of the b- and d-waves of the electroretinogram were studied in the isolated frog retina placed with its receptor side up. The electrode was introduced into the retina from the receptor side and the reference electrode was placed on the vitreal side. The b-wave was maximum in amplitude in the receptor layer, and decreased as the electrode was advanced proximally from the outer plexiform layer until it disappeared at the inner limiting membrane. The b-wave in the inner plexiform layer was different from that in the distal portion of the inner nuclear layer in form and peak latency. The results suggested that the b wave is generated in the layers between the inner limiting membrane and the outer plexiform layer, and that at least two processes are involved in the generation of the b-wave. The depth profile of the d-wave resembled that of the b-wave except in the receptor layer; it was recorded in the whole retinal layers as was the b-wave, and decreased as the electrode was advanced proximally until it disappeared at the inner limiting membrane. The peak latency of the d-wave was longer in the inner plexiform layer than in the distal portion of the inner nuclear layer. The results indicated that the d-wave consists of the off-response of the late receptor potential and the postsynaptic components, the latter being generated by a similar mechanism as the b-wave. PMID- 3491243 TI - [Vein perfusion system for harvesting saphenous vein grafts for coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3491244 TI - [A case report of aorto-coronary bypass surgery in Kawasaki disease using the technic of non-reversed saphenous vein grafting]. PMID- 3491245 TI - [Post-infarct cardiac aneurysm: clinical picture and contractile function of the myocardium in the remote period after surgical treatment]. AB - Late results of surgery for chronic postinfarction aneurysm of the heart were reviewed in 48 patients. Comprehensive clinical and instrumental investigation demonstrated that aneurysm resection alone or in combination with aorto-coronary shunting or ventricular septoplasty resulted in clinical improvement in 60.4% of patients. However, surgery had basically no positive effect on left-ventricular myocardial contractility and pulmonary hemodynamics. The lack of positive changes in myocardial contractility is due to marked asynergy (akinesia) developing around the post-operative scar. The late postoperative outcome depends on both the type (akinetic or dyskinetic) of heart aneurysm, and timely referral for surgical treatment. PMID- 3491247 TI - [Correlation between bleb-like, fingerprint and map-like dystrophy of the cornea]. AB - In epithelial basal membrane dystrophy of the cornea Bron's dystrophy plays a prominent role (frequently combined with fingerprint dystrophy). It can be visualized only in retroillumination, and is without doubt the most common corneal dystrophy. It should be distinguished from Cogan's microcysts, which were seen in only 11% of the authors patients. The incidence of map dystrophy is about the same, while subepithelial plaques are least frequently observed. PMID- 3491246 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute hemorrhages in gastric tumors]. PMID- 3491248 TI - [Treatment of Parkinson disease]. PMID- 3491250 TI - Recent clinical experience with percutaneous intra-aortic balloon pumping. AB - From January 1984 to August 1985, 51 out of 2138 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2.38 per cent) had an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) inserted or an attempted insertion. The patients ranged in age from 24 to 68 years (mean 54.2 years). An IABP was inserted preoperatively in four patients, all of whom were in cardiogenic shock; peroperatively in 27 patients who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass; and postoperatively in 16 patients who had haemodynamic deterioration. Failed insertion occurred in a further four patients. Twenty-eight patients (59.6 per cent) had percutaneous insertion of the balloon, in 17 (36.2 per cent) the common femoral artery was exposed prior to insertion and in two (4.2 per cent) the balloon was inserted into the thoracic aorta. The overall survival rate was 38.3 per cent for patients with successful insertion. Major complications that threatened life or limb occurred in 10.25 per cent of patients. These complications were confined to females and in these patients the percutaneous technique for inserting intra-aortic balloons should be used with caution. PMID- 3491249 TI - Haemostasiological parameters as risk factor for new arterial occlusions in diabetics. AB - PARD is a prospective study sponsored by the German Research Council with the aim to establish if spontaneously enhanced platelet aggregation or changes of other hemostatic variables are risk factors for new vascular occlusions in diabetic patients. 363 diabetics (aged 45-65, 232 men, 131 women) have been observed for at least 5 years. Of the 232 men, 53 were on diet, 104 on oral antidiabetic agents and 75 on insulin. Of 131 women 16 were on diet, 46 on oral antidiabetic drugs and 69 on insulin. At entry a medical history was obtained and clinical examinations and laboratory tests were performed. Hemostatic tests and clinical examinations were repeated at 3 month's intervals. The life status was followed for all patients with the exception of 2. Until December 31, 1984, 42 patients had died, 23 from cardiovascular disease and 19 from other causes. 13 patients suffered a myocardial infarction, 11 a stroke and 53 a peripheral arterial occlusion. The occurrence of new vascular occlusions was significantly higher in men with enhanced spontaneous platelet aggregation measured by PAT III. This was not the case for women. Other hemostatic parameters with some relation to cardiovascular complications, again only in men, were fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor together with some established risk factors as triglycerides and hypertension. PMID- 3491251 TI - Generation of an autocrine leukaemia using a retroviral expression vector carrying the interleukin-3 gene. AB - The growth factor-dependent, non-leukemogenic cell line FDC-P1, was converted to an interleukin-3 (IL-3) producing leukemogenic cell line using a retroviral expression vector carrying the IL-3 gene. The new cell line, FDC-P1-IL3 proliferated independently of exogenous IL-3 and its proliferation was inhibited by anti IL-3 antisera. This inhibition could be overcome by addition of GM-CSF to the cultures. The data indicate that insertion of the retroviral expression vector into the genome of FDC-P1 cells has established an autocrine loop involving constitutive secretion of IL-3 and that such a loop can play an important role in leukemogenesis. PMID- 3491252 TI - The effects of tumor necrosis factor on the production of interleukin-1 by macrophages. AB - We investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by mouse macrophages. At high doses of TNF, macrophages produced no IL 1 (as judged in the LAF assay) even when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an excellent inducer of IL-1 production. In lower (picogram/ml) doses, TNF caused macrophages to make factors which showed modest activity in the LAF assay and that activity could be blocked by antibody to IL-1. TNF induces in low doses also the production of a factor(s) which synergizes with IL-1 in the LAF assay. PMID- 3491253 TI - The elaboration of a small molecular weight cytostatic factor by lymphoblastoid lines and activated lymphocytes. AB - In this study, it was observed that the B lymphoid cell line RPMI 8392 produced a tumor cell cytostatic factor that is of lower molecular weight than previously described cytostatic proteins but of greater molecular weight than arachidonate metabolites. This low molecular weight factor was also found to be produced by normal murine lymphocytes upon mitogenic stimulation. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the molecular weight of this molecule is approximately 6,500 daltons. This is the approximate molecular weight of another tumor cell directed lymphokine which we have previously described, Tumor Migration Inhibition Factor (TMIF). This lymphokine is defined by its ability to inhibit the in vitro migration of a variety of tumor cell types. It was not determined in this study whether or not the proliferation inhibitory activity and the migration inhibitory activity are due to separate molecules. However, experiments presented here demonstrate that these two activities are functionally distinct. In addition, it was found that the cytostatic factor described here, unlike higher molecular weight cytostatic factors, was not associated with cytotoxicity. PMID- 3491254 TI - Work of the Lymphokine Standardization Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies. PMID- 3491255 TI - The BRMP IL-2 reference reagent. AB - The BRMP has established an interim IL 2 Reference Reagent. Unitage was assigned after a collaborative, 7 laboratory study. The standard has been distributed to over 350 investigators to date. PMID- 3491256 TI - Kinetics of responses of IL3 dependent lines to growth factors: implications for the assay and mechanism of cell promotion. AB - We have investigated the promotion of two IL3 dependent cell lines by IL3 and a rat factor derived from stimulated spleen cells. Both lines respond to purified IL3, but do not respond to IL2, GM-CSF contained in lung conditioned medium nor to Human IL2. Both lines respond to a factor in rat lymphocyte conditioned media as determined by a standard assay used to detect IL3. However, 123 cell line cells continue to proliferate whereas AC2 cells decline, due to different sensitivities of the lines to rat factor. 123 cells can be re-cloned in the rat factor and exhibit enhanced responses to IL3. The changing kinetics of cell promotion during the first 48 hours question the validity of the standard assay which is widely used, and the specificity of the mechanism by which the cells are promoted. PMID- 3491257 TI - Measurement of human B cell responses to growth and differentiation factors: relevance for immunodeficiency disease. PMID- 3491258 TI - A phase I/II trial of recombinant interleukin-2 in AIDS/ARC: alterations of phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - In the context of a clinical phase I/II trial with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) surface phenotypes of peripheral blood leukocytes and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions were monitored in four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and three patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The phenotypic alterations during the 14-day course of treatment were characterized by 1. a decrease in the proportion of OKT9 positive lymphocytes in AIDS patients, 2. an increase in the proportion of Leu8-/Leu3a+ lymphocytes in all patients and, in particular, 3. the transient significant decrease of the Leu7+/OKT3+ ratio, which was elevated pretherapeutically in AIDS patients (0.78 +/- 0.21) and ARC patients (0.48 +/- 0.06) compared to healthy controls (0.18 +/- 0.08). In contrast, the T4/T8 ratio of the patients' T-cells was not significantly affected by rIL-2 treatment. Delayed skin reactivity to recall antigens was improved in some patients. In one patient the surface phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined on the first day of rIL-2 treatment in the morning before and in the evening after infusion of rIL-2. A rise of HLA-DR positive non-B-lymphocytes was observed. We conclude that the Leu7/OKT3 ratio, OKT9 and HLA-DR may be useful markers for monitoring the effects of biological response modifiers in patients with AIDS/ARC. PMID- 3491259 TI - Plans and reagents for a collaborative study to establish an international reference preparation for human interleukin-2. AB - Different preparations of interleukin 2 have been lyophilised and aliquotted for use in a collaborative study designed to establish a reference preparation. Laboratories which would like to take part in the collaborative study should contact the authors. PMID- 3491260 TI - Parameters for the evaluation of IL-2 stability. AB - Recombinant DNA derived interleukin-2 stability in accelerated and long term studies was evaluated using biological and protein chemical methods. Various biophysical parameters were investigated for their correlation with bioassay results and for their accuracy and utility as quantitative indicators of change. Biochemically distinguishable forms of the molecule exhibited different levels of IL-2 activity in vitro. Of the methods evaluated, SDS-PAGE and, to a greater extent, reverse phase and TSK based HPLC analyses have been found to measure relevant changes in the structure of human interleukin-2. Those test systems detect covalent and non-covalent aggregates, degradation products, and inappropriately oxidized forms of human interleukin-2 all of which contribute to an overall loss of IL-2 biological activity. Such measures provide sensitive and reproducible indications of changes relative to the standard bioassay. These studies have led to the development of an analog of interleukin-2 which is biologically active and shows improved long term stability. PMID- 3491262 TI - Binding characteristics of a monoclonal antibody against human IL-2 and its application for IL-2 measurement. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody, obtained by immunization with human recombinant interleukin 2 (r-IL-2), is presented. The antibody, termed BO-7, recognizes r-IL 2 as well as natural human IL-2 from different sources. As deduced from binding studies with synthetic IL-2 derived peptides, the epitope reactive with the antibody is associated with amino-acid residues 59-72 of the intact IL-2 molecule. The application of the antibody as a specific reagent for the quantitation of IL-2 from crude supernatants including samples from lectin stimulated mononuclear cells in a sandwich-type ELISA is presented. PMID- 3491261 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for purification and assay of IL-2. AB - Mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mac 002 and Mac 003) raised against recombinant human Interleukin-2 (rec IL-2), were developed for use as assay and purification reagents. In the Immunoradiometric assay, (IRMA), 125I-Mac 002 is used as tracer, with sheep polyclonal anti-rec IL-2 on the solid phase. This reliably measures rec IL-2 in the range 3-1000 ng/ml. The assay measures natural IL-2 with a lower sensitivity. For some samples of IL-2, the amount detected by IRMA is greater than expected from the biological assays, presumably because there are IL-2 molecules with antigenic, but not biological activity. This is a possible source of variation in the specific activities observed in different preparations of of IL-2. In the purification reagent, Mac 003 is immobilised on sepharose CL-4B to purify recombinant IL-2 from less than 1% in an E. Coli extract, to greater than 90% purity, in a single step with greater than 80% yield. PMID- 3491263 TI - Relation of supernatant IL-2 to steady state levels of IL-2 mRNA. PMID- 3491264 TI - Isolation and amino acid composition of alpha-amylase from human granulocytes. PMID- 3491265 TI - [Meningoencephalitis and paralysis of the 3d pair of cranial nerves as a complication of herpes zoster in an immunocompetent patient]. PMID- 3491266 TI - [Incidence of secondary amyloidosis in chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. PMID- 3491267 TI - [Cerebral venous thrombosis as a complication of the treatment of acute T lymphoblastic leukemia with L-asparaginase]. PMID- 3491268 TI - [Side effects of drugs on the equilibrium]. AB - Side effects of drugs on the vestibular system may occur when a drug is injected too fast during chronic application of drugs after discontinuation of drugs Dizziness due to ototoxic drugs is rare because of the symmetric influence on the vestibular system. The oculomotor system most often is found being reversible or irreversible damaged by chronic drug effects especially from barbiturates, psychopharmacologic drugs, anticonvulsives and some antiarrhythmics, whereas the vestibular organs and their pathways usually remain unaffected except from ototoxic drugs. An isolated oculomotor disfunction therefore could be an indication for a drug side effect. PMID- 3491269 TI - [Esophageal injuries caused by a swallowed foreign body. A life-threatening condition]. AB - Report on a case in which a protracted foreign body in the esophagus (chicken bone) had perforated the wall in the cervical area and had led to premonitory bleeding and finally to massive hemorrhage. Neither before had further symptoms occurred regarding to the esophageal perforation such as mediastinitis or subcutaneous emphysema nor had the attempt been successful to picture the transmural lesion. With an appropriate history of the foreign body and relapsing gastro-intestinal hemorrhage--despite a negative endoscopic result--an esophageal lesion must be highly suspected as causing bleeding. The immediate thoracotomy for wound repair is strongly indicated. PMID- 3491270 TI - [The electro-hydro-thermo-probe and bipolar coagulation systems]. PMID- 3491271 TI - [Laser and alternative methods in gastroenterology. 1. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3491272 TI - Positive effects of tactile versus kinesthetic or vestibular stimulation on neuroendocrine and ODC activity in maternally-deprived rat pups. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that even short-term separation of preweanling rat pups from the mother produces adverse effects in the pup. These include alterations in ornithine decarboxylase activity and in the secretion of growth hormone and corticosterone. The present study demonstrates that while intermittent heavy stroking effectively reverses or prevents all the changes associated with maternal deprivation neither kinesthetic nor vestibular stimulation affects these responses. The results verify earlier findings from this laboratory indicating that tactile interactions between rat pups and their mother modulate pup physiology and provide experimental support for the hypothesized role of tactile stimuli on early infant development. PMID- 3491273 TI - Fatal case due to atonic haemorrhage with giant placenta following concealed delivery. PMID- 3491274 TI - Brain stimulation to treat mental illness and enhance human learning, creativity, performance, altruism, and defenses against suffering. AB - Any mental/emotional state or process (MESP) which is considered highly desirable (e.g., sustained concentration, memorization of important facts, empathy) or undesirable (e.g., paranoid delusionalism, delirium) could be, respectively, facilitated or deterred by means of an external (i.e., extracranial, or at least extracerebral, and extracorporal) brain stimulation circuit designed in such a way as to deliver rewarding stimulation as often and only as often as and for as long and only for as long as an electroencephalographic or other kind of brain function characteristic, which uniquely identifies the occurrence of the MESP in question, were being emitted by the individual's (i.e., the subject's) brain, with the intensity of the stimulation at every point in time being proportional, respectively, to the simultaneous magnitude or to the reciprocal of the simultaneous magnitude of the MESP-identifying characteristic. Approaches a and b are generalized examples of a number of hypothetical stimulation paradigms presented below that might be used to treat mental illness, enhance learning, etc. (as in the title). Explanations of the psychodynamic mechanisms whereby these paradigms might exert their intended effects are given in most cases. PMID- 3491276 TI - Generation in vitro of alloreactive lymphocytes is suppressed by the addition of spleen cells from mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - The generation of cytotoxic T cells to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture was suppressed by the addition of spleen cells from adult mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. T cells of surface phenotype Lyt 1+2+ were required for the suppression. Suppressive cells appeared also in lymph nodes, but not in the thymus. In the spleen their number was maximal 6 to 8 days after infection. Infectious virus could not be detected in the suppressive spleen cells. Therefore the virus itself does not seem to cause the effect. PMID- 3491275 TI - A simple instrument for biochemical studies of the living human brain. AB - A simple, relatively inexpensive radiation detection system was developed for measurement of positron-emitting receptor-binding drugs in the human brain. This high-efficiency coincidence counting system requires that only a few hundred microcuries of labeled drug be administered to the subject, thereby allowing for multiple studies without an excessive radiation dose. Measurement of the binding of [11C]-carfentanil, a high-affinity synthetic opiate, to opiate receptors in the presence and in the absence of a competitive opiate antagonist exemplifies the use of this system for estimating different degrees of receptor binding of drugs in the human brain. The instrument has also been used for measurement of the transport into the brain of other positron-emitting radiotracers, such as large neutral amino acids. PMID- 3491277 TI - The development of high-efficiency cathode converters for a multiwire proportional chamber positron camera. AB - A high-efficiency cathode converter for 511-keV photons has been developed for incorporation into a multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) positron camera. The converter consists of a honeycomb pattern produced in a 1-mm-thick lead sheet to leave lead walls with a thickness of approximately 60 micron. The converter also serves as the cathode of an MWPC, the gap between the converter and the anode wire plane being 2.5 mm. This small gap results in a high secondary electron extraction efficiency without the need for additional drift voltages. Measurements of the efficiencies of a plane converter and of two types of structured converters in a single section MWPC are described and the efficiency is found to increase in proportion to the converter surface area. This result justifies the use of a simple theoretical model whereby an extrapolation to the efficiency of a detector consisting of a stack of 20 MWPC sections, each section having two converters, is made. The efficiency of this proposed system is calculated to be 17% for 511-keV photons. PMID- 3491278 TI - [Is gastroduodenal ulcer a seasonal disease?]. PMID- 3491280 TI - [Acute hemorrhage from the colon and rectum]. PMID- 3491279 TI - [Invasive cardiologic diagnosis and heart surgery in patients with terminal renal failure]. PMID- 3491281 TI - [Results of 10 years' documented poison information]. PMID- 3491282 TI - [Endothelial function in diabetic microangiopathies]. PMID- 3491283 TI - [Thrombocytopathy due to aspirin. A case report]. PMID- 3491284 TI - [Analysis of the results of using the Myo-Monitor on patients with a reduced mouth opening]. PMID- 3491285 TI - [Study on the induction of immunological suppression by blood transfusion]. AB - There have been several reports that suggest the possibility that blood transfusion induces the suppression of immunity. For the purpose of studying immunological effect of blood transfusions, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. Using C3H/He (H-2k), DBA/2 (H-d), C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BDF1 (H-2b,d) mice, blood transfusions were done each other. In in vitro experiment, the effect of blood transfusion was examined with the survival of allogenic tumor, Meth-A (H 2d), transplanted in C3H/He (H-2k). And in in vitro experiment, natural Killer activity and CTL activity were investigated following blood transfusions. These experiments led to the following results: Some allogenic blood transfusions enhanced allogenic tumor survival. Only leucocytes transfusion showed such effects. The effective factor existed in the transfused serum. NK activity was suppressed by blood transfusion. CTL activity was not correlated with blood transfusion. From these results, it was concluded that allogenic blood transfusion could cause immunosuppression, especially suppression of NK activity and it was considered that clinical blood transfusion can also result in a tendency towards acceleration of tumor growth in the cancer-carrying body. PMID- 3491286 TI - [Influence of aorto-coronary bypass surgery on left ventricular function and prognosis in patients with severe left coronary artery disease]. AB - The effects of aorto-coronary bypass surgery on left ventricular (LV) function and prognosis were studied in 21 patients with severe left coronary artery disease consisted of 8 left main trunk (LMT) stenosis and 17 left main equivalent (LME) that is the combined disease of left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex coronary arteries proximal to the origin of their major branches. One of 21 cases had bypass grafts occluded on the postoperative angiogram. The other 20 cases consisted of 10 cases with previous transmural myocardial infarction (PTMI) and 10 without PTMI had all bypass grafts opened including 20 grafts to LAD. In 10 cases without PTMI, all of LV function parameters markedly improved postoperatively. In the other 10 cases with PTMI, LV ejection fraction significantly increased from 0.53 +/- 0.07 preoperatively to 0.67 +/- 0.04 postoperatively (p less than 0.005). PLVSP/LVESV also increased from 1.85 +/- 0.66 to 2.89 +/- 1.16 (p less than 0.05). In both groups, LV segmental wall motion (SWM) increased in the anterior and apical segment, whereas did not in the postero-inferior segment. In the case with occluded grafts LV function was deteriorated postoperatively. Even in the cases which anterior SWM showed less than 30% (the lowest value in the normal subjects), anterior and apical SWM significantly increased postoperatively in both groups. Angina disappeared postoperatively in all cases but one with PTMI. All cases showed NYHA class III to IV preoperatively, then class I to II postoperatively. Postoperative 8 years actuarial survival rate was 91.0%. PMID- 3491287 TI - Drug concentration-dependent DNA lesions are induced by the lipid-soluble antifolate, piritrexim (BW301U). AB - The lipid-soluble folate antagonist, 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5 methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin e (piritrexim; BW301U), induced misincorporation of dUMP in human B (SB)- and T (MOLT-4)-lymphoblastoid cells, and in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Analysis by alkaline sucrose gradients and alkaline elution indicated that 3H-DNA that had been labeled for 15 min distributed into progressively smaller DNA fragment sizes in a drug concentration dependent manner from 0 microM to 50 microM piritrexim. This phenomenon was observed regardless of the labeled nucleotide precursor employed for detection of newly synthesized DNA [( 3H]deoxyuridine, [3H]deoxyadenosine, or [3H]deoxycytidine). In contrast, formaldehyde denaturation and sedimentation of DNA in neutral denaturing sucrose gradients released only 3-4% of the newly synthesized DNA as 3S-6S fragments (80-200 nucleotides), whereas the remaining population of newly synthesized DNA pelleted to the bottom of the tube. Failure to detect DNA fragmentation under neutral conditions to the extent observed under alkaline conditions indicated the presence of apurinic and apyrimidinic sites in DNA--lesions which would be expected in DNA undergoing excision-repair of misincorporated dUMP. Cytotoxicity resulting from dUMP misincorporation was consistent with the enhanced toxicity of piritrexim which was observed when HL-60 cells or MOLT-4 cells were exposed concurrently to exogenous deoxyuridine. Deoxyuridine-enhanced toxicity was demonstrated to be concentration dependent for both cell lines when piritrexim concentrations were marginally toxic. The cytotoxic effect of dUMP misincorporation was further substantiated by the observation that MOLT-4 cells treated with 0.5 microM piritrexim alone eventually developed resistance to the drug, whereas treatment with both piritrexim and 10 microM deoxyuridine prevented the selection of piritrexim-resistant cells. PMID- 3491288 TI - Regulation of immunoglobulin D synthesis in murine neonatal B lymphocytes. AB - We analyzed the regulatory basis for the lower expression of immunoglobulin D (IgD) in lymphocytes from neonatal mice of various ages. The results indicate that the relative transcriptional rate of RNA for delta chains is similar to adult levels even in cells which have not started to express IgD. These results suggest that very early after the initiation of mu gene transcription, a defined fraction of polymerases is programmed to progress through the termination site to the delta exons regardless of the developmental stage of the cell. Similar results were obtained from adult CBA/N mice whose spleens contain a large fraction of cells expressing low levels of IgD. On the other hand, the relative steady state level of mRNA in neonatal lymphocytes is approximately half of that in adults, suggesting that there may be differences in the processing or stability of the nascent transcript. In addition, measurements of the in vivo translation rate show that an inefficient delta polypeptide chain processing machinery in neonatal lymphocytes is also an important factor contributing to the reduced expression of IgD. PMID- 3491289 TI - Incomplete nucleoside transport deficiency with increased hypoxanthine transport capability in mutant T-lymphoblastoid cells. AB - From a mutagenized population of wild-type mouse (S49) T-lymphoma cells, a clone, 80-5D2, was isolated in a single step by virtue of its ability to survive in 80 nM 5-fluorouridine. Unlike previously isolated nucleoside transport-deficient cell lines (A. Cohen, B. Ullman, and D. W. Martin, Jr., J. Biol. Chem. 254:112 116, 1979), 80-5D2 cells were only slightly less sensitive to growth inhibition by a variety of cytotoxic nucleosides and were capable of proliferating in hypoxanthine-amethopterin-thymidine-containing medium. The molecular basis for the phenotype of 80-5D2 cells was incomplete deficiency in the ability of the mutant cells to translocate nucleosides across the plasma membrane. Interestingly, mutant cells were more capable than wild-type cells of transporting the nucleobase hypoxanthine. Residual transport of adenosine into 80 5D2 cells was just as sensitive to inhibition by nucleosides and more sensitive to inhibition by hypoxanthine than that in wild-type cells, indicating that the phenomena of ligand binding and translocation can be uncoupled genetically. The 80-5D2 cells lacked cell surface binding sites for the potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport p-nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) and, consequently, were largely resistant to the physiological effects of NBMPR. However, the altered transporter retained its sensitivity to dipyridamole, another inhibitor of nucleoside transport. The biochemical phenotype of the 80-5D2 cell line supports the hypothesis that the determinants that comprise the nucleoside carrier site, the hypoxanthine carrier site, the NBMPR binding site, and the dipyridamole binding site of the nucleoside transport function of mouse S49 cells are genetically distinguishable. PMID- 3491290 TI - Biochemical and functional analyses of a secreted H-2Ld molecule. AB - A truncated H-2Ld gene was constructed by deleting the transmembrane and cytoplasmic exons. The truncated H-2Ld gene was introduced into mouse L cells using the thymidine kinase gene as a selectable marker. Transformants were isolated and screened for the presence of truncated H-2Ld antigen. The truncated H-2Ld gene product was present in both the cytoplasm and culture medium, but not on the cell surface. The truncated H-2Ld antigen was stable in culture medium for at least 9 h and was secreted into the medium at a rate similar to the kinetics with which complete H-2 antigens reach the cell surface. Transformants expressing the truncated H-2Ld molecule were not recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for the H-2Ld antigen. PMID- 3491291 TI - Characterization of murine A-raf, a new oncogene related to the v-raf oncogene. AB - A 1.6-kilobase cDNA (A-raf) has been isolated from a murine spleen cDNA library which encodes part of a protein related to the raf oncogene. Its amino acid sequence has 85% homology to raf in a central portion of 100 amino acids. In contrast to raf, A-raf shows a highly restricted tissue distribution of expression, with highest levels observed in epididymis, followed by intestine. When incorporated into a retrovirus, the resulting gag-A-raf fusion gene causes transformation in vitro and induces tumors in newborn mice. Thus, A-raf represents a new proto-oncogene. Transformation by A-raf is independent of ras gene function, as is the case for raf and mos but not other oncogenes. PMID- 3491292 TI - Cellular proteins homologous to the viral yes gene product. AB - We raised antibodies in rabbits against the amino-terminal portion of the viral yes protein produced in bacteria with the use of an expression vector based on the lac operon. The anti-yes serum thus obtained precipitated P90gag-yes from Yamaguchi 73 virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts, and this immunoprecipitation was blocked by the purified antigen. The anti-yes serum did not recognize viral src, fps, or fgr proteins. Affinity-purified anti-yes immunoglobulin G (IgG) precipitated two proteins of 59 and 62 kilodaltons from lysates of normal chicken embryo fibroblasts. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping showed that these proteins are closely related to P90gag-yes and that they are different from pp60c-src. Similar to P90gag-yes, the 59- and 62 kilodalton proteins were phosphorylated exclusively on tyrosine in an in vitro kinase reaction, whereas in vivo they were phosphorylated on serine and, to a lesser extent, on tyrosine as well. Expression of the 59- and 62-kilodalton proteins, determined by the immune complex kinase assay, was relatively high in brain, retina, kidney, and liver. The presence in normal chicken embryo fibroblasts and in chicken kidney of two transcripts, 3.7 and 3.9 kilobases in length, that hybridize with a yes-specific DNA probe, as well as the two proteins recognized by anti-yes IgG, suggests either differential splicing of cellular yes gene transcripts or the existence of another yes-related gene. PMID- 3491293 TI - Negative and positive regulation in trans of gene expression from adeno associated virus vectors in mammalian cells by a viral rep gene product. AB - We previously described use of the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), as a vector for transient expression in mammalian cells of the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). In the AAV vector, pTS1, the CAT gene is expressed under the control of the major AAV promoter p40. This promoter is embedded within the carboxyl-terminal region of an open reading frame (orf-1) which codes for a protein (rep) required for AAV DNA replication. We show here that the rep product has additional trans-acting properties to regulate gene expression. First, deletion or frame-shift mutations in orf-1, which occurred far upstream of p40, increased expression of CAT in human 293 (adenovirus transformed) cells. This increased CAT expression was abolished when such mutant AAV vectors were transfected into 293 cells together with a second AAV vector which could supply the wild-type AAV rep product in trans. Thus, an AAV rep gene product was a negative regulator, in trans, of expression of CAT in uninfected 293 cells. In adenovirus-infected 293 cells, the function of the AAV rep product was more complex, but in some cases, it appeared to be a trans activator of the expression from p40. In HeLa cells, only trans activation by rep was seen in the absence or presence of adenovirus. Neither activation nor repression by the rep product required replication per se of the AAV vector DNA. Thus, trans-acting negative or positive regulation of gene expression by the AAV rep gene is modulated by factors in the host cell and by the helper adenovirus. PMID- 3491294 TI - Expression of a novel high-affinity purine nucleobase transport function in mutant mammalian T lymphoblasts. AB - The single nucleoside transport function of mouse S49 lymphoblasts also transports purine bases (B. Aronow and B. Ullman, J. Biol. Chem. 261:2014-2019, 1986). This transport of purine bases by S49 cells is sensitive to inhibition by dipyridamole (DPA) and 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine, two potent inhibitors of nucleoside transport. Therefore, wild-type S49 cells cannot salvage low hypoxanthine concentrations in the presence of 10 microM DPA and 11 microM azaserine; the latter is a potent inhibitor of purine biosynthesis. Among a mutagenized wild-type population, a cell line, JPA2, was isolated which could proliferate in 50 microM hypoxanthine-11 microM azaserine-10 microM DPA. The basis for the survival of JPA2 cells under these selective conditions was expression of a unique, high-affinity purine nucleobase transport function not present in wild-type cells. JPA2 cells could transport 5 microM concentrations of hypoxanthine, guanine, and adenine 15- to 30-fold more efficiently than parental cells did. Kinetic analyses revealed that the affinity of the JPA2 transporter for all three purine bases was much greater than that of the wild-type nucleobase transport system. Moreover, nucleobase transport in JPA2 cells, unlike that in parental cells, was insensitive to inhibition by DPA, 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine, sulfhydryl reagents, and nucleosides. No alterations in nucleoside transport capability, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate levels, or purine phosphoribosyltransferase enzymes were detected in JPA2 cells. Thus, JPA2 cells express a novel nucleobase transport capability which can be distinguished from the nucleoside transport function by multiple biochemical parameters. PMID- 3491295 TI - The E1A 13S product of adenovirus 5 activates transcription of the cellular human HSP70 gene. AB - Expression of the human gene encoding the major heat shock protein, HSP70, was induced during cell growth by serum stimulation and after infection with adenovirus 5. In this study we showed that HSP70 gene expression could be induced by adenovirus 5 infection, even in the absence of exogenous serum factors. Whereas serum stimulation induced the expression of the endogenous HSP70 gene, it had no effect on early adenovirus promoters. However, expression of both the cellular HSP70 gene and the adenovirus E3 promoter were activated during adenovirus infection. By using a collection of reconstructed mutant viruses, we identified the 13S product of the E1A region as the specific transcriptional trans-activator of the HSP70 gene. PMID- 3491296 TI - Promoter region of interleukin-2 gene undergoes chromatin structure changes and confers inducibility on chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene during activation of T cells. AB - The chromatin structure of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene was probed by DNase I treatment of isolated nuclei. The 5' region of the IL-2 gene contains three regions of hypersensitivity to DNase I. When peripheral blood T cells or Jurkat T cells are stimulated with mitogens, IL-2 message is induced, and the promoter region of the IL-2 gene develops an additional hypersensitive site. This suggests that a DNA sequence close to the transcriptional start site is involved in the transduction of the extracellular signal. Such a conclusion is further supported by DNA transfection experiments. A short segment of DNA, which includes the region of induced hypersensitivity, confers inducibility on the linked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. In addition, cells of nonhematopoietic origins exhibit a strikingly different chromatin pattern of IL-2, suggesting a role during differentiation for some of the hypersensitive sites. PMID- 3491298 TI - The immunochemistry of sandwich ELISAs--I. The binding characteristics of immunoglobulins to monoclonal and polyclonal capture antibodies adsorbed on plastic and their detection by symmetrical and asymmetrical antibody-enzyme conjugates. AB - Radiolabelled bovine IgG1, IgG2, SIgA and IgM and heavy-chain specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to these isotypes were employed as models to investigate immunochemical aspects of sandwich enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). The titration plots obtained by measuring enzyme activity paralleled those obtained when the binding of radiolabelled immunoglobulins to solid-phase capture antibodies was quantitated. As predicted from the Mass Law, the percentage of labelled immunoglobulin which was bound remained constant over the range in which the sandwich ELISA titration was linear on a log-log plot. Also as predicted from the Mass Law, increasing the solid-phase concn of polyclonal antibodies by affinity purification increased the linear region of the log-log ELISA plot and the corresponding region over which a constant percentage of immunoglobulin binding was observed. When used as capture antibodies adsorbed on plastic at equal concns, the best monoclonal antibodies were 1/8- less than 1/16 as effective as their polyclonal counterparts in binding iodinated bovine immunoglobulins; these differences can be directly interpreted to result from an 8 and greater than 16-fold higher functional, relative affinity of the polyclonal reagents. Steric hindrance was shown to occur when symmetrical sandwich ELISAs, i.e. capture and detection antibody are both heavy-chain specific, are used to measure monomeric but not IgM immunoglobulins. The use of an asymmetrical configuration, i.e. anti-Fab antibody-enzyme conjugates, avoids this problem. Symmetrical conjugates based on the avidin-biotin system, horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, were less effective than their asymmetrical (anti-Fab) counterparts. Evidence that the lower activity of symmetrical conjugates was due to steric hindrance was illustrated using horseradish peroxidase-antibody conjugates of different sizes. Sandwich assays using affinity-purified, polyclonal solid-phase antibodies and an asymmetrical conjugate were judged to be immunochemically and economically optimal. Using an asymmetrical configuration, the non-linear nature of sandwich ELISA titration plots is the predictable result of changing antibody to antigen ratios in an antibody-limiting system, and not the result of steric hindrance of the detection system. PMID- 3491299 TI - Analysis of lymphocyte-target conjugates by flow cytometry. I. Discrimination between killer and non-killer lymphocytes bound to targets and sorting of conjugates containing one or multiple lymphocytes. AB - The use of flow cytometric analysis and sorting techniques for the enumeration and purification of lymphocyte-target conjugates was investigated. Murine cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) with killer effector function were identified and quantitated during a 3-hour cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction using multiparameter analysis. Resolution of conjugates containing single and multiple lymphocytes was achieved by two-color fluorescence, and individual conjugate subpopulations were subsequently sorted for further analysis. To measure total and cytotoxic conjugate frequencies, CTL were labelled with FITC-conjugated Thy 1.2 antibody and dead target cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI). Size difference between the CTL and P815 tumor target cells, as measured by Coulter volume and axial light loss, facilitated detection of conjugates which were identified as both large and Thy 1.2-positive. Conjugates containing dead target cells possessed red fluorescence due to PI uptake. The frequency of conjugates containing cytotoxic activity increased with time during the cytotoxicity period and correlated with frequencies obtained in single-cell assays. Analysis of the distribution of single and multiple lymphocyte-bound conjugates was done by co centrifugation of Hoechst-stained CTL and FITC-labeled P815 target cells. Analysis by two-color fluorescence effectively resolved conjugate populations containing different numbers of CTL and allowed their purification by cell sorting. The purity of the separate populations was confirmed by fluorescence microscopic inspection. The results of these studies demonstrate that flow cytometry can resolve target-bound and free CTL, measure cytolytic efficiency and specifically sort out cytometrically defined subgroups within the effector cell population. PMID- 3491300 TI - Effect of ribonucleases on cell-mediated lympholysis reaction and on GM-CFC colonies in bone marrow culture. AB - Natural dimer of bovine seminal ribonuclease (AS RNase) suppressed markedly DNA synthesis in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of normal human lymphocytes and simultaneously inhibited induction of cytotoxic effector cells within the sensitization phase of indirect cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) reaction. The last purification step of the AS RNase isolation procedure did not increase the suppressive activity of AS RNase compared to a less purified preparation (ZS RNase), thus, the later preparation was mostly used. ZS RNase (10 micrograms/ml) caused 50% inhibition of MLC reaction whereas pancreatic ribonuclease (A RNase) was 10 times less effective. The suppressive effect of RNases added in the beginning of the sensitization phase of the CML reaction correlated with that observed in the MLC reaction. The concentrations of ZS RNase (10 micrograms/ml), A RNase (100 micrograms/ml), and additionally tested cyclosporin A (0.5 microgram/ml) resulted in nearly total abrogation of cytolysis in CML. ZS RNase added after the sensitization of effector cells did not influence their cytolytic action on target cells within the destruction phase of CML. Natural killer and killer cell activities in normal peripheral lymphocytes were not inhibited by ZS RNase at the concentration of 330 micrograms/ml. ZS RNase (20 micrograms/ml), cocultivated 1 h with normal human bone marrow cells and then washed off, enhanced formation of GM-CFC colonies in semisolid agar culture up to 200%. Simultaneously tested antilymphocyte globulin increased the number of GM-CFC colonies at the average of 128%. This stimulating effect on colony formation appeared also in bone marrow culture of patients suffering with various hematological disorders. The possibility of utilizing the preparations gained from seminal plasma in clinical bone marrow transplantation is discussed. PMID- 3491297 TI - Rearrangement and expression of T-cell antigen receptor genes in human T lymphocyte tumor lines and normal human T-cell clones: evidence for allelic exclusion of Ti beta gene expression and preferential use of a J beta 2 gene segment. AB - The gene encoding the beta chain of the human T-cell receptor for antigen is composed of variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J), and constant (C) gene segments which undergo specific rearrangements during T-lymphocyte ontogeny. Southern blot analyses of seven human T-cell tumor lines and normal human T lymphocyte clones revealed that most of these T-cell lines rearrange their Ti beta genes differently. The T-cell tumor line HPB-MLT rearranges and transcribes both of its Ti beta genes. Cloning and sequencing of the Ti beta cDNAs corresponding to these rearrangements revealed that one of the rearranged Ti beta genes is defective, while the other is functional and corresponds to the Ti beta protein expressed on the surface of these cells. Thus, this cell line displays a pattern of allelic exclusion of Ti beta gene expression. A comparison of four C beta 2-containing Ti beta cDNAs from three different cell lines revealed that three of the four utilize the same J beta 2.5 gene segment joined to different D beta and V beta genes, suggesting that there may be preferential use of this J gene during J beta 2 rearrangements. Hybridization analyses with probes for the alpha and beta genes of the T-cell receptor and the T-cell-specific T gamma gene revealed that HPB-MLT cells appear to express approximately equivalent amounts of RNA corresponding to each of the rearranged Ti alpha and Ti beta genes. However, they express a much lower level of T gamma RNA. PMID- 3491301 TI - Near-total splenectomy for massive splenomegaly due to Gaucher disease: a new surgical approach. PMID- 3491302 TI - Detection of ovulation via fingertip electrical potentials: a preliminary report. PMID- 3491303 TI - Mezlocillin in the treatment of acute salpingitis. PMID- 3491304 TI - Hepatic ectopic pregnancy: successful surgical treatment of a patient with hepatic pregnancy and acute hemorrhage. PMID- 3491305 TI - Minilaminotomy, an alternative to microdiscectomy or standard laminectomy. PMID- 3491306 TI - An antireflux modification in ureterosigmoidostomy. PMID- 3491307 TI - Pancreatoduodenectomy preserving a functioning pylorus, the stomach, and a pancreatic remnant: a complex functional evaluation. PMID- 3491308 TI - Improved results in resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms, 1963-1984. PMID- 3491309 TI - Ventricular tachyarrhythmias during placement of pulmonary artery catheters in two patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 3491310 TI - Relation of atrial flutter to Graves' disease. PMID- 3491312 TI - Arterial injuries of the lower limb with associated fractures. PMID- 3491311 TI - Nerve blocks: an anesthesiologist's approach to the relief of cancer pain. PMID- 3491313 TI - The cesarean-section epidemic. PMID- 3491314 TI - A neglected etiology: atheromatous embolism. PMID- 3491315 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type B disease in children vaccinated with type B polysaccharide vaccine. AB - We studied 55 cases of invasive Hemophilus influenzae type b disease occurring in children at least three weeks after vaccination with type b polysaccharide vaccine. Their mean age at the time of immunization was 27.8 months (range, 18 to 47). Meningitis developed in 39 patients, of whom 3 died and 6 had neurologic sequelae. We investigated certain host factors that may have contributed to the failure of the vaccine. The geometric mean concentration of antibody to type b polysaccharide in convalescent-phase serum from 31 of the vaccinated patients who had hemophilus disease was significantly lower than that in serum from 25 patients of similar age with the disease who had never been vaccinated (0.59 vs. 3.46 micrograms per milliliter, P less than 0.001). However, only 3 of 46 patients in whom the vaccine failed and who were tested for hypogammaglobulinemia had this finding, and none of 33 children tested for IgG2 had low serum concentrations of this immunoglobulin subclass, which is thought to be important in the immune response to polysaccharide antigens. In addition, all but 1 of the 46 patients in whom the vaccine failed and who were tested for IgG antibody to tetanus toxoid protein, a thymic-dependent antigen, had normal values, and 19 of 20 tested for hemolytic complement activity had normal levels. In white children, the presence of the Gm immunoglobulin phenotype (1,2,3, 17; ;5,13,21) was associated with a sevenfold increase in the relative risk of vaccine failure (P less than 0.003). We conclude that vaccine failure may be related in part to genetic factors, and that most vaccinated children in whom Hemophilus influenzae disease develops have deficient antibody responses to the type b polysaccharide despite normal serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and normal antibody responses to tetanus toxoid. PMID- 3491316 TI - The risk of subsequent transmission of Hemophilus influenzae type B disease among children in day care. Results of a two-year statewide prospective surveillance and contact survey. AB - To determine the risk of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease among children attending day-care facilities who were exposed to a primary case of invasive hemophilus disease, we conducted a two-year (August 1982 through July 1984) statewide prospective study involving active surveillance for H. influenzae disease and a 60-day follow-up of the children's day-care contacts. We identified 185 patients with primary invasive hemophilus type b disease who were under six years of age and who attended a total of 195 day-care facilities (centers or private homes). There were 4102 children in attendance at these day-care facilities when the primary cases occurred; 4034 (98 percent) were followed for 60 days or more after the onset of illness in the patients with primary disease. A total of 2612 children were considered classroom contacts of the patients with primary disease, because they were cared for in the same home or the same room in a larger facility, but they were not siblings of the index patients. Of these classroom contacts, 370 from 0 to 23 months of age and 716 from 24 to 47 months of age did not receive rifampin chemoprophylaxis. We could confirm no subsequent H. influenzae disease among contacts. Our results suggest that the risk of subsequent hemophilus disease in contacts of patients in day-care facilities is significantly lower than that previously reported for siblings and day-care contacts. PMID- 3491318 TI - Immunoregulation in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3491317 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus portacaval shunt in patients with severe cirrhosis and acute variceal hemorrhage. Long-term follow-up. AB - In a continuation of a trial for which preliminary results were reported in the Journal two years ago, a total of 64 patients with Child Class C cirrhosis and variceal hemorrhage requiring six or more units of blood were randomly assigned to receive either a portacaval shunt (32 patients) or endoscopic sclerotherapy (32 patients). The duration of initial hospitalization and the total amount of blood transfused during hospitalization were significantly less in the patients receiving sclerotherapy (P less than 0.001). There was no difference in short term survival (50 percent of the sclerotherapy group were discharged alive, as compared with 44 percent of the shunt-surgery group). Both groups were followed for a mean of 530 days after randomization. Rebleeding from varices, the duration of rehospitalization for hemorrhage, and transfusions received after discharge were all significantly greater in the sclerotherapy group (P less than 0.001). Forty percent of the sclerotherapy-treated patients discharged alive (7 of 16 patients) ultimately required surgical treatment for bleeding varices, despite a mean of 6.1 treatment sessions. Health care costs and long-term survival did not differ significantly between the groups (P greater than 0.05). We conclude that although endoscopic sclerotherapy is as good as surgical shunting for the acute management of variceal hemorrhage in poor-risk patients with massive bleeding, sclerotherapy-treated patients in whom varices are not obliterated and bleeding continues should be considered for elective shunt surgery. PMID- 3491319 TI - Risk of subsequent disease among day-care contacts of patients with systemic Hemophilus influenzae type B disease. AB - There is controversy about whether to provide rifampin prophylaxis routinely to contacts in day-care facilities of a patient with a primary case of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease. We prospectively investigated primary cases of H. influenzae type b disease in day-care facilities in Dallas County, Texas, to determine the rate of subsequent disease among contacts. Ninety-one children with primary cases of H. influenzae type b disease who were attending day-care facilities were enrolled from October 1982 to October 1984. A total of 587 classroom contacts of these children under four years of age were not given rifampin. During 60 days of follow-up, there was one subsequent case in a classroom contact. Untreated children under two years of age who were directly exposed to a patient with a primary case were considered to be at highest risk of disease, but there were no subsequent cases in this group of 361 children. However, there were two cases in new enrollees who started attending day-care facilities during the 60-day follow-up period but who were not exposed to a patient with a primary case. At day-care centers in which there was a second case during the follow-up period, there was a high prevalence of colonization with H. influenzae type b in both patient and nonpatient groups of preschool children. These data indicate that the rate of subsequent disease in classroom contacts of patients in day-care facilities is lower than that reported in households (1 of 587 vs. 20 of 829, P = 0.001) and that this rate may be similar to the base rate of primary disease in day-care facilities. We conclude that rifampin prophylaxis may not be appropriate after the occurrence of a primary case of H. influenzae type b disease in a day-care facility in Dallas County. PMID- 3491320 TI - Immunology. Unravelling the control of B cells. PMID- 3491321 TI - Extensive proliferation of mature connective-tissue type mast cells in vitro. AB - There are two phenotypically distinct subpopulations of mast cells in rodents: connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMC) and mucosal mast cells (MMC). These populations differ in their location, cell size, staining characteristics, ultrastructure, mediator content and T-cell dependency. Several investigators recently reported a further subclass of mast cells which arise when normal mouse haematopoietic cells are cultured with interleukin-3 (IL-3); IL-3 is an activity similar or identical to mast-cell growth factor, histamine-producing factor, or P cell stimulating factor. These cultured mast cells are in many ways similar to MMC; they stain with Alcian blue but not safranin, contain chondroitin sulphate E proteoglycan rather than heparin proteoglycan and have relatively low histamine content, as do MMC. Although proliferation of MMC is known to be T-cell dependent in vivo and thought to be IL-3-dependent in vitro, the factors on which CTMC proliferation depends remain elusive. Here we show that mature CTMC purified from mouse peritoneal cells can proliferate in vitro in methylcellulose culture and maintain the appearance and function of CTMC. We also present evidence that mature CTMC cannot proliferate in the presence of pure IL-3 alone. PMID- 3491322 TI - Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin. AB - When stimulated with antigen, B cells are influenced by T cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody-forming cells. Since it was reported that soluble factors could replace certain functions of helper T cells in the antibody response, several different kinds of lymphokines and monokines have been reported in B-cell growth and differentiation. Among these, human B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF or BSF-2) has been shown to induce the final maturation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. BSF-2 was purified to homogeneity and its partial NH2-terminal amino-acid sequence was determined. These studies indicated that BSF-2 is functionally and structurally unlike other known proteins. Here, we report the molecular cloning, structural analysis and functional expression of the cDNA encoding human BSF-2. The primary sequence of BSF-2 deduced from the cDNA reveals that BSF-2 is a novel interleukin consisting of 184 amino acids. PMID- 3491323 TI - Presence of Ti (WT31) negative T lymphocytes in normal blood and thymus. AB - The antigen receptor expressed on most T lymphocytes is a disulphide-linked heterodimer (Ti) that is composed of alpha-chain and beta-chain subunits. On the surface of human T lymphocytes, Ti is non-covalently associated with three invariant proteins, designated CD3-gamma, -delta, and -epsilon. It has been suggested that Ti is obligatory for CD3 expression. But a T leukaemia cell line, IL-2 (interleukin 2) dependent T-cell clones established from fetal blood and IL 2 dependent cell lines established from immunodeficiency patients with bare lymphocyte syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia syndrome have recently been shown to express CD3, but not Ti (detected due to monoclonal antibody WT31). These lymphocytes may express the product of the T-cell antigen receptor gamma (TCR gamma) gene, rather than the alpha/beta heterodimer, in association with CD3. Preliminary studies suggested that T cells expressing CD3 but lacking Ti are present in low frequency in normal lymphoid tissues. Here we show that in normal blood and thymus CD3+, WT31-T cells express neither CD4 nor CD8. The low frequency (less than 0.2-0.9% of total thymocytes) of CD3+, WT31- cells in the thymus suggests that this population does not represent a major stage of thymic development and may be a distinct lineage of T cells. PMID- 3491324 TI - Structure of pre-pro-von Willebrand factor and its expression in heterologous cells. AB - Von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multifunctional haemostatic glycoprotein derived from endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, mediates platelet adhesion to injured subendothelium and binds coagulation factor VIII in the circulation. Native vWF is a disulphide-bonded homopolymer; the monomeric subunits, of apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) 220,000 (220K) are derived from an intracellular precursor estimated at 260-275K. Multimer assembly is preceded by the formation of dimers, linked near their C-termini, which then assemble into filamentous polymers. The importance of the removal of the large vWF pro-polypeptide during multimer assembly, and whether this or other stages of the complex post-translational processing require components specific to endothelial cells or megakaryocytes, is unknown. Here we report an analysis of the complete sequence of pre-pro-vWF and expression of the molecule in heterologous cells. The vWF precursor is composed of several repeated subdomains. When expressed in COS and CHO cells, it is cleaved and assembled into biologically active high relative molecular mass disulphide bonded multimers. This suggests that the information for assembly of this complex molecule resides largely within its primary structure. PMID- 3491325 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize influenza haemagglutinin that lacks a signal sequence. AB - A surprising feature of most cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responding to influenza infection is that they recognize the unglycosylated (non-transmembrane) proteins of the virus, including the nucleoprotein. Recognition of cells that express nucleoprotein by CTL does not depend on a definite signal sequence within the protein, and the epitopes recognized can be defined with short synthetic peptides in vitro. Haemagglutinin (HA), the major transmembrane protein of the virus, is recognized by a minor population of CTL from infected mice. We have deleted the sequence coding for the N-terminal signal peptide from a complementary DNA encoding HA of the H1 subtype. The signal-deleted HA is detected with antibodies as a short-lived, unglycosylated, intracellular protein. However, CTL raised to the complete molecule recognize cells expressing the signal-deleted HA and vice versa. These results cast doubts on the assumption that CTL recognize the HA molecule only after its insertion into the plasma membrane. PMID- 3491326 TI - H-2-restricted cytolytic T cells specific for HLA can recognize a synthetic HLA peptide. AB - It is generally accepted that T lymphocytes recognize antigens in the context of molecules encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC class II-restricted T cells usually recognize degraded or denatured rather than native forms of antigen on the surface of class II-bearing antigen presenting cells. It has recently been shown that short synthetic peptides corresponding to mapped antigenic sites of the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) can render uninfected target cells susceptible to lysis by NP-specific class I-restricted cytolytic T cells (CTL). These and earlier experiments that showed specific recognition of NP deletion mutant transfectants suggest that class I-restricted recognition might also involve processed antigenic fragments. One important issue arising from these studies is whether the model applies not only to viral proteins that are expressed internally (such as NP) but also to antigens normally expressed as integral membrane proteins at the cell surface. We have recently isolated class I restricted mouse CTL clones that recognize class I gene products of the human MHC (HLA) as antigens in mouse cell HLA-transfectants. Here we show that these anti HLA CTL can lyse HLA-negative syngeneic mouse cells in the presence of a synthetic HLA peptide. These results suggest that the model applies generally. PMID- 3491327 TI - Recombination between immunoglobulin variable region gene segments is enhanced by transcription. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) region genes are assembled in precursor B (pre B) lymphocytes from multiple germline segments. The heavy-chain V-region gene is composed of variable (VH), diversity (D) and joining (JH) segments; kappa (K) and lambda (lambda) light-chain V-region genes have analogous VL and JL segments. Assembly of Ig V-gene segments, as well as those of the highly related T-cell receptor, is regulated at several levels and shows both stage and tissue specificity; for example Ig heavy-chain V-gene assembly precedes that of Ig light chains during B-cell differentiation. Joining of all classes of V-gene segments involves conserved recognition sequences that are probably targets for a common recombinase. Evidence has been presented suggesting that rearrangement of specific classes of segments is regulated by modulation of their accessibility to the recombinase. To elucidate mechanisms which control V-region gene assembly, we have investigated the effect of flanking gene expression on the frequency at which introduced V-gene segments are assembled in pre-B cell lines. Our findings suggest that transcription may play a direct role in the regulation of immunoglobulin V-gene assembly. PMID- 3491328 TI - Comparison of verapamil and bepridil, two slow channel inhibitors, in protection against calcium-induced arrhythmias. AB - Verapamil and bepridil share the common property of antagonizing the slow inward calcium-mediated current, but bepridil has some additional antiarrhythmic properties. The efficacy of these two compounds against CaCl2-induced arrhythmias has been compared in rats. CaCl2 was administered i.v. by continuous infusion until death (25 mg X kg-1 X min-1 or 40 mg X kg-1 X min-1) or by bolus injection (160 mg X kg-1). Bepridil (5, 10 mg X kg-1) or verapamil (2.5, 5 mg X kg-1) were injected 10 min before CaCl2. Bepridil (10 mg X kg-1) or verapamil (5 mg X kg-1) prolong the survival time during CaCl2 infusion. After pretreatment, the injection of 160 mg X kg-1 CaCl2 is less toxic: 25% of animals are protected by bepridil (5 mg X kg-1), 41% by bepridil (10 mg X kg-1) or verapamil (5 mg X kg 1). At death the myocardial Ca2+ level is not different in controls and pretreated animals, thus, the ratio myocardial Ca2+/total injected Ca2+ is significantly lowered by bepridil (10 mg X kg-1) or verapamil (5 mg X kg-1). The efficacy of the two drugs on this model appears related solely to inhibition of slow inward current despite the additional antiarrhythmic profile of bepridil. PMID- 3491330 TI - [New antirheumatism agents in old stomachs]. PMID- 3491329 TI - Extrinsic origin of the capsaicin-sensitive innervation of rat duodenum: possible involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the capsaicin-induced activation of intramural non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurons. AB - Capsaicin produces a concentration-related relaxation of the longitudinal muscle of the rat isolated duodenum in the presence of atropine (3 microM) plus guanethidine (3 microM). This effect of capsaicin is partly (about 40%) antagonized by tetrodotoxin (1.0 microM) suggesting the involvement of intramural non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurons. The capsaicin-induced relaxations are unaffected by previous bilateral vagotomy or removal of the inferior mesenteric ganglion but are completely prevented by removal of the coeliac ganglia plus the superior mesenteric ganglion (72 h before). Acute duodenal denervation did not modify the response to capsaicin. Unlike various neuropeptides (substance P, kassinin, neurokinin A, cholecystokinin octapeptide, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) only the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) closely mimicked, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the capsaicin-induced relaxations. The CGRP-induced relaxations were unaffected by hexamethonium and partly reduced (about 40%) by tetrodotoxin. In preparations desensitized to adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) a putative NANC inhibitory neurotransmitter of the rat duodenum, the effects of CGRP were reduced (about 30%) as compared to controls. After ATP-desensitization tetrodotoxin did not produce any further reduction of the CGRP-induced relaxations suggesting the involvement of endogenous ATP in the neuronal (tetrodotoxin-sensitive) component of the CGRP-induced relaxations. Either ATP- or CGRP-desensitization reduced (about 50 and 65% respectively) the amplitude of the capsaicin-induced relaxations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491331 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid, brain and abscess permeability of antibiotics]. PMID- 3491332 TI - [Incidence and distribution of multiple sclerosis in Halle District]. AB - An epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the district of Halle, Halle-Neustadt and the area near the river Saale was carried out. We found 178 patients with a definite diagnosis in a total population of 396,529, corresponding to a prevalence of 44.9/100,000. The annual incidence rate was 2/100,000. When probable but not definitely diagnosed cases are included in the count, the estimated prevalence rises to 53.7/100,000 population. PMID- 3491333 TI - Studies of circulating immune complexes and lymphocyte subpopulations in childhood IgM mesangial nephropathy. AB - T cell subsets, serum immunoglobulin (IgM) level, IgM-bearing lymphocytes, and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were studied in 12 children who suffered from IgM mesangial nephropathy (IgMN) during the acute nephrotic phase, in remission and relapse. Frequent relapses were observed in 11 cases, and 1 was partially responsive to steroid treatment. IgMN was diagnosed by the consistent pattern of IgM deposition by all four FITC-labelled antihuman IgM antibodies from rabbits and goats supplied by four different companies and by the 100% positivity of electron-dense mesangial deposits in an identical localization and distribution pattern of kidney biopsy specimen. CIC were detected by the 3.5% polyethylene glycol method. In sera from 12 patients IgM CIC were detected in 8 cases during the acute nephrotic phase. High levels of C3 CIC and C4 CIC were also found in these cases during the acute nephrotic phase. The CIC were undetectable in remission. Only 3 cases were detectable at low levels of IgM CIC during the second relapse. High serum IgM levels and IgM-bearing lymphocytes were noted in these patients. The patients also had a significant increase of OKT8 cells and a decrease in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio during the acute phase and in relapse. Taken together, the immunopathologic and clinical features suggest that IgMN is a disease entity with a chiefly classical pathway activation of complement components. The correlation between the changes of T cell subsets and the disease activity in IgMN suggests that this may serve as a therapeutic and prognostic guide. PMID- 3491334 TI - Unusual anaphylatoxin dynamics after head injury--case report. AB - The case reported exemplifies a clinical picture markedly at variance with the chronology of symptoms and laboratory findings generally held to be typical in patients with post-traumatic shock. During a protracted clinical course this young man with a skull fracture and epidural haematoma experienced profound hypotension and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) well in advance of marked fourfold rise of circulating peripheral C3a desArg anaphylatoxin levels. This raises a note of caution with regard to diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions based on anaphylatoxin assessment of neurosurgical trauma patients at risk of ARDS. PMID- 3491335 TI - [Incidence and prevention of allergic reactions following chemonucleolysis with chymopapain]. AB - Allergic reaction following chemonucleolysis with chymopapain is responsible for half of all known complications of this treatment. Although the incidence of allergic reactions is comparatively low one should not underestimate the danger involved. If chemonucleolysis is performed under local anaesthesia, the risk of an anaphylactic reaction is reduced. If no pre-operative test methods are available, the patient risk can be considerably lessened by suitable premedication and by keeping anti-allergics within easy reach during intradiscal therapy. Exclusion of patients who have a previous history of allergy from chemonucleolysis will not result in additional safety. The specificity of the serological tests is very high, but their sensitivity and reliability in respect of prediction of an allergic reaction with positive or negative test result is comparatively low. They take up a lot of time (24 hours) and require skilled personnel trained in laboratory chemistry. The chymopapain prick test is simple to perform and the result of the test rapidly available (15 minutes). The danger of allergic reactions to the prick test itself is negligibly small, as experience has shown. At the present time no comparative tests are available between serological tests and skin tests in a large group of patients, so that we can say something about the reliability only on the basis of empirical data. Of the 352 test-negative patients investigated so far, none had an allergic immediate reaction to chymopapain. Even if we take the possibility of false positive skin tests into consideration, we believe that it would not be appropriate with a positive skin test to perform chemonucleolysis. PMID- 3491336 TI - [The coexistence of basal epidermoid tumor and trigeminal neurinoma within the posterior fossa]. AB - Recently we encountered one case with basal epidermoid tumor originated in the cerebellopontine angle, associated with a trigeminal neurinoma of the Gasserian ganglion and trigeminal root within both middle and posterior fossa. We wish to present the case with an analytical review of the reported cases of multiple intracranial tumors. The patient was a 49-year-old man who noted the onset of left facial nerve palsy in March, 1974, which lasted for several years. In April 1976, he developed unsteadiness of gait which was not worsening. He noted left facial pain and paresthesias of tongue in October, 1981 and was pointed out as having left hearing disturbance by a physician. He was admitted to our hospital on December 11, 1981. Neurological examination showed hypalgesia and hypesthesia on his left face, left VII cranial nerve palsy and left-sided hearing loss. The IX and X cranial nerves were also involved with absent gag reflexes on the left side and swallowing difficulty. Tongue was deviated to the right on protrusion. He had mild ataxia of the left limbs, ataxic gait and horizontal gaze nystagmus to the right. He had neither cafe-au-lait spot nor subcutaneous tumor suggestive of von Recklinghausen's disease. CT scan revealed water density lesion in the prepontine and cerebellopontine cisterns which seemed to distort brainstem posteriorly. Metrizamide CT cisternography showed a large fungated mass filling the basal cistern. These findings strongly suggested the presence of an epidermoid tumor. A left suboccipital craniectomy was performed on May 13, 1982. A large pearly mass filling the basal cistern was removed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491337 TI - Reversal of tolerance to morphine but no potentiation of morphine-induced analgesia by antiserum against cholecystokinin octapeptide. AB - Tolerance to morphine analgesia was induced in rats by chronic treatment with morphine (5-30 mg/kg, t.i.d. for 6 days). Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of antiserum against cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) reversed tolerance to morphine by 50% (P less than 0.001). Intrathecal (ith) injection of the CCK-8 antiserum produced a similar, although less marked, reversal of tolerance to morphine. Rats made tolerant to analgesia induced by morphine developed a cross tolerance to electroacupuncture-induced analgesia. This cross tolerance was also reversed by the CCK-8 antiserum by more than 50% (P less than 0.001). Intracerebroventricular or intrathecal injection of the CCK-8 antiserum per se produced no significant changes in the basal level of the latency of the tail flick response, nor did it affect the analgesia induced by morphine in naive rats. The results suggest that prolonged activation of opioid receptors may trigger the CCK-8 system in the central nervous system to exert a negative feedback control, which may constitute one of the mechanisms for the development of tolerance to opioids. PMID- 3491338 TI - Lysis of intraventricular blood clot with urokinase in a canine model: Part 1. Canine intraventricular blood cast model. AB - To test the safety and feasibility of using direct instillation of urokinase to induce rapid lysis of intraventricular clots, an animal model of intraventricular blood cast is required. Injections of 11 ml of fresh, unclotted autologous blood into the ventricles of adult mongrel dogs did not produce a solid blood cast in the ventricular system, suggesting that the adult dogs have an unusual ability to clear uncoagulated whole blood from the ventricles and subarachnoid space. Injection of 9 ml of preclotted blood resulted in a subtotal cast of the ventricles, leaving only portions of the occipital horns free of solid clots. This volume of injected clots incurred no mortality and minimal morbidity, whereas injection of 10 to 12 ml resulted in a mortality of 42% and formidable morbidity. The technique of producing this intraventricular blood cast model, as well as that of implanting an indwelling ventricular catheter-reservoir system useful in chronic urokinase administration, is described. PMID- 3491339 TI - Lysis of intraventricular blood clot with urokinase in a canine model: Part 2. In vivo safety study of intraventricular urokinase. AB - It was determined from in vitro experiments that the minimal dose of urokinase required to lyse 10 ml of clotted canine blood within a closed space must exceed 10,000 IU. We empirically doubled this minimum effective dose and tested the in vivo safety of injecting 20,000 IU of urokinase every 12 hours for 4 days into the ventricles of six adult mongrel dogs through an implanted catheter-reservoir system. The animals were monitored carefully for local and systemic bleeding by neurological and clinical examination, hematological tests reflecting systemic fibrinolytic status, serial computed tomography, and postmortem histological examinations of the brain, meninges, and peripheral organs. It was found that this intraventricular dose regimen of urokinase did not cause intracranial hemorrhage even though the dogs had recent brain wounds related to transcerebral ventricular catheterization. Mild activation of systemic fibrinolysis, implying passage of the enzyme from ventricle to blood, occurred 4 to 6 hours after each intraventricular injection, but no systemic hemorrhages were seen. This dose regimen also did not cause acute or chronic inflammatory changes in the brain or meninges and did not disturb cerebrospinal fluid circulation. PMID- 3491340 TI - Lysis of intraventricular blood clot with urokinase in a canine model: Part 3. Effects of intraventricular urokinase on clot lysis and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. AB - Nine millilitres of preclotted autologous blood was injected into the ventricles of 10 adult mongrel dogs (control dogs) to create subtotal ventricular casts with solid clots. The neurological status and systemic fibrinolytic profiles were closely monitored, and the changes in clot and ventricular volumes were measured by serial computed tomography (CT) for 3 months. The control animals showed severe neurological impairment for 7 to 9 days. No visible lysis of the intraventricular clots occurred for 5 to 7 days, after which slow clot lysis occurred at a constant rate. Complete lysis of the 10 clots took 38 to 65 days, indicating that canine cerebrospinal fluid normally possessed limited capacity for in situ fibrinolysis. Of the 10 control dogs, 8 developed progressive ventricular enlargement after a transient initial shrinkage parallel with initial clot lysis. Their final ventricular volume at 3 months was as much as 14 times the base line ventricular volume. Necropsy studies disclosed increased basal subarachnoid fibrosis and extensive ependymal and subependymal damage in the lateral ventricular walls of the hydrocephalic dogs. Ten other dogs (UK dogs) were given similar ventricular clot injections. Six hours later, each UK dog was begun on a regimen of 20,000 IU of intraventricular urokinase every 12 hours until solid clots were no longer seen in the ventricles on CT. In all 10 UK dogs, intraventricular urokinase induced complete lysis in 3 to 6 days without causing local or systemic hemorrhages. The neurological status of all 10 dogs also improved promptly. In 8 UK dogs, the ventricles that were initially distended by clots showed rapid shrinkage parallel with thrombolysis to a final volume at 3 months of less than four times the initial ventricular volume. Only 2 animals had persistently large or expanding ventricles. At necropsy, the ependymal and subarachnoid spaces of the UK dogs were remarkably free of damage and fibrosis. The possible mechanisms by which intraventricular urokinase may prevent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus are discussed. PMID- 3491341 TI - Symptomatic progressive ventriculomegaly in hydrocephalics with patent shunts and antisiphon devices. AB - The antisiphon device (ASD) was designed to prevent excessive negative intracranial pressure and overdrainage with cerebrospinal fluid shunts. It has been recommended for prevention of slit ventricles and extreme shunt dependency. It was used by the author in 40 children and young adults who had low pressure headaches or were judged to be at risk for the development of subdural hematomas because of extreme hydrocephalus, relatively fixed head size, or tall stature. Nine patients encountered problems with adverse symptoms in spite of shunt patency. Four had alarming neurological symptoms of coma or severe headaches after incorporation of ASDs in ventriculoperitoneal shunt systems. With patients in the horizontal position, shunt patency was documented but computed tomography revealed progressive ventriculomegaly when they were kept erect. Symptoms abated and ventricular size diminished after conversion to proximal medium pressure diaphragm or spring-ball valve systems without ASDs. Because long shunt systems with ASDs require adequate hydrostatic columns to initiate flow when patients are erect, it is theorized that such symptoms could have been prevented by placing ASDs farther downstream from the cerebral ventricles. PMID- 3491342 TI - Cystic cavernous hemangioma of the cerebellopontine angle: case report. AB - A case of cystic cavernous hemangioma of the cerebellopontine angle is described. The clinical findings, location of the tumor, and computed tomographic findings were unusual. This rare lesion must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic infratentorial masses. PMID- 3491343 TI - Histiocytosis-X of the spinal cord: a case report. AB - A rare case of histiocytosis-X of the spinal cord with evidence of intramedullary infiltration and epidural spinal cord compression is reported. The clinical, radiological, and histopathological features are discussed, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 3491344 TI - Comparison of PET, MRI, and CT with pathology in a proven case of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT were carried out in a patient with Alzheimer's disease 16 months before he died. At autopsy, the gross appearance of the brain correlated with MRI and CT, which showed some regional atrophy. These were much less revealing than PET, which correlated with microscopic findings of neuronal loss and proliferation of glia. In areas of moderately impaired local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, as revealed by reduced FDG uptake, there was some gliosis, primarily around the numerous senile plaques. In areas of severe metabolic impairment, there was a profound loss of neurons, extensive gliosis, and a diminished appearance of plaques. PET-FDG is a better measure of the severity of Alzheimer's disease than MRI or CT, because it reflects the degree of neuronal pathology. PMID- 3491345 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide, a peptide present in spinal cord motoneurons, increases the number of acetylcholine receptors in primary cultures of chick embryo myotubes. AB - Using immunohistochemical methods we show that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, a peptide encoded by the calcitonin gene) is present in chick spinal cord motoneurons. When added to cultured chicken myotubes, CGRP caused an average 1.5 fold increase in levels of surface acetylcholine receptors. Moreover, the effect of CGRP was independent of the one produced by tetrodotoxin, a blocker of membrane electrical activity but not of that caused by cholera toxin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3491346 TI - Auditory pathways to the hypothalamus in ranid frogs. AB - Three multisynaptic pathways from the midbrain auditory center (torus semicircularis) of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, to the infundibular hypothalamus were found using the axonal tracer wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. Toral neurons project to the secondary visceral nucleus of the isthmus and to the central and anterior thalamic nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. All 3 of these nuclei project to the infundibular hypothalamus. These findings indicate multiple connections between two centers presumed important for reproductive behavior in frogs, a midbrain sensory region processing acoustic communication signals and a hypothalamic endocrine control area regulating gonadotropin and gonadal steroid secretion. PMID- 3491347 TI - Diurnal pattern of stress-evoked neurohypophyseal hormone secretion: sexual dimorphism in rats. AB - Levels of oxytocin (OT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in plasma of control or immobilized male and female rats were determined at various times of the day. Control levels of the neurohypophyseal peptides did not exhibit diurnal variation. Raised plasma levels of OT were found following immobilization at all times in both males and females, and a significant diurnal variation in stressed levels of OT was also observed, but in male rats only. Thus the morning stress responses (07.00 and 09.00 h) of males were markedly greater than the midday and evening responses, whereas the responses of females were similar throughout the day. A similar pattern was evident for AVP although plasma levels of AVP were not consistently elevated by stress. These findings provide further evidence of sexual dimorphism in both the regulation of neurohypophyseal stress responses and the periodicity of diurnal rhythms. PMID- 3491348 TI - Maternal drug therapy: effect on fetal and neonatal growth and neurobehavior. AB - Fetal and neonatal growth retardation may result in long term neurological and mental morbidity. There are multiple causes for intrauterine growth retardation but one etiology proposed is maternal drugs. In many instances it is difficult to determine if the growth retardation is due to the drugs or it is due to the disease process for which the mother receives the drugs. Weight and FOC appear to be more adversely effected than length. Combination drug therapy, for example anticonvulsant drugs, results in a greater incidence in teratology, growth retardation and lower IQ than monotherapy. Neurobehavior can also be adversely effected by maternal drugs. Although symptoms may be limited to the first months of life there is some evidence that this abnormal behavior is a reflection of in utero neurological insult which becomes evident later as poor organizational, perceptual, reading and mathematical skills or even mental retardation. PMID- 3491349 TI - Haemophilus influenzae endocarditis: managing the virtually unheard of. PMID- 3491350 TI - Specular microscopy of posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy. AB - Corneal endothelial conditions in two children with posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy were studied by specular microscopy. The localized vesicular lesions seen by slit lamp formed demarcated blackout areas where two distinct populations of cells were adjacent. Focal areas of highly pleomorphic cells with increased reflective highlights, which may represent epithelial-like cells, were surrounded by enlarged and pleomorphic endothelial cells (background cells). The average background endothelial cell area was three to four times larger than the control area. The composite cells which appeared to coalesce were also observed among the enlarged background cells. PMID- 3491351 TI - Familial simple ectopia lentis. A probable autosomal recessive form. AB - All three sibs from normal and unrelated parents had congenital ectopia lentis without extraocular abnormalities. This pedigree suggests an autosomal recessive form of simple ectopia lentis. PMID- 3491352 TI - Treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis with intravitreal vancomycin. AB - Endophthalmitis remains a dreaded complication of intraocular surgery and penetrating eye trauma. Subconjunctival, topical, and systemic antibiotics have been largely ineffective in the treatment of endophthalmitis, whereas intravitreal antibiotics have proved efficacious. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis has become an important pathogen in many infections, including endophthalmitis. Toxicity, clearance, and efficacy of intravitreal vancomycin were evaluated in the treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. No evidence of retinal toxicity was found and therapeutic levels were demonstrated six days after injection. The treated rabbit eyes showed a marked beneficial effect when compared to the untreated eyes. If experience confirms the safety of intravitreal vancomycin in human eyes, vancomycin should be considered the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. PMID- 3491353 TI - Immunological features of nonhealing midline granuloma. AB - A 60-year-old man affected by nonhealing midline granuloma (NHmG) is described. The histopathological features, the clinical course and the radiosensitivity of the lesion clearly differentiate this pathological condition from malignant lymphomas and from Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The presence of antinuclear antibodies with an antinucleolar pattern in a subject bearing HLA-B8 suggests the involvement of autoimmune phenomena and a close relation between NHmG and WG. PMID- 3491354 TI - [Auricular reflexotherapy of humeroscapular periarthritis]. PMID- 3491355 TI - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8): antagonism to electroacupuncture analgesia and a possible role in electroacupuncture tolerance. AB - The analgesic effect produced by electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation in the rat was dose-dependently antagonized by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) or intrathecally (i.th) at a dose range of 0.25-4 ng. This effect had an immediate onset and lasted for at least 4 h. CCK-8 per se, however, did not affect baseline tail flick latency. Rats subjected to prolonged EA stimulation developed EA tolerance as well as cross tolerance to morphine. These tolerances could be postponed or reversed by i.c.v. or i.th injection of antiserum against CCK-8. While CCK-8 antagonized opioid analgesia, it did not affect analgesia induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or norepinephrine (NE). Moreover, CCK-8 antiserum did not alter the basic level of nociception, nor did it potentiate EA analgesia in naive rats. It is concluded that prolonged EA stimulation results in a profound release of opioids which may trigger the release of CCK-8 in the central nervous system to counteract the opioid component of EA analgesia. This mechanism may account, at least in part, for the development of EA tolerance. PMID- 3491356 TI - Arthritis in children. AB - Arthritis in children may result from many conditions. The rheumatic diseases, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the spondyloarthropathies, rheumatic fever, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and the various vasculitis syndromes all can cause arthritis; these diseases are distinguished by their characteristic clinical appearances. Several nonrheumatic disorders such as infections, malignancies, congenital or genetic conditions, orthopedic conditions, and psychological disorders may closely simulate the various rheumatic diseases. The evaluation of children with arthritis rests chiefly on historical and physical findings; radiographs, laboratory tests, and occasionally biopsies also may be helpful. It is particularly important to identify specifically treatable diseases, such as bacterial infections or childhood malignancies, early and to avoid labeling nonrheumatic conditions as rheumatic. Accurate diagnosis of the various rheumatic disease syndromes is important for optimal therapy. PMID- 3491357 TI - Computed tomography of the head in the evaluation of microcephaly. AB - Eighty-five infants and children found to have microcephaly had computed tomographic (CT) brain scans performed. A greater degree of microcephaly correlated with the finding of atrophy or ventricular dilation on CT scan. Patients who had known preceding destructive brain insults had the highest incidence of abnormal findings on scans (20/22). Patients who had CNS dysfunction of unknown etiology had the lowest frequency of abnormal findings (12/33); however, in three of these patients, a previously unsuspected brain malformation was found on CT scan. Patients who had other congenital anomalies had an intermediate proportion of abnormal findings on CT scans (20/30), and in 11 of these scans, a previously unsuspected or only partly suspected brain malformation was diagnosed. Discovering previously unsuspected information or finding supportive data regarding the basis for the underlying disease process, being able to provide a more specific developmental prognosis and accurate genetic counseling, justifies the inclusion of a CT scan of the head in the evaluation of the microcephalic child. PMID- 3491358 TI - Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DTP) immunization local reactions do not predict central nervous system reactions. PMID- 3491359 TI - [Experience in organizing services for patients with enuresis and its treatment with electrostimulation]. PMID- 3491361 TI - Drug-free pain relief in labour. PMID- 3491360 TI - Human epidermal growth factor precursor: cDNA sequence, expression in vitro and gene organization. AB - Complementary DNA clones encoding the human kidney epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor have been isolated and sequenced. They predict the sequence of a 1,207 amino acid protein which contains EGF flanked by polypeptide segments of 970 and 184 residues at its NH2- and COOH-termini, respectively. The structural organization of the human EGF precursor is similar to that previously described for the mouse protein and there is 66% identity between the two sequences. Transfection of COS-7 cells with the human EGF precursor cDNA linked to the SV40 early promoter indicate that it can be synthesized as a membrane protein with its NH2-terminus external to the cell surface. The human EGF precursor gene is approximately 110 kilobase pairs and has 24 exons. Its exon-intron organization revealed that various domains of the EGF precursor are encoded by individual exons. Moreover, 15 of the 24 exons encode protein segments that are homologous to sequences in other proteins. Exon duplication and shuffling appear to have played an important role in determining the present structure of this protein. PMID- 3491362 TI - [Determination of metabolites of vitamin D in a case of Debre-De Toni-Fanconi syndrome secondary to cystinosis]. AB - A patient affected with Debre-De Toni-Fanconi syndrome secondary to cystinosis, has been given doses of vitamin D metabolites. This resulted in a reduced plasma 1,25(OH)2D level. This data should confirm, as it has already been noted in literature. There is a defect in renal 1 alpha hydroxylation of 25OHD. The administration of 1 alpha dihydroxycholecalciferol has brought rapid improvement to severe metabolic bone disease. There are no noticed side effects. PMID- 3491363 TI - [A case of primary acute eosinophilic meningitis]. AB - The authors present a case of meningitis with a significant eosinophilic pleiocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid in a eighteen months old girl. The rapidly favourable course and the negative parasitological research direct the diagnosis to acute primary eosinophilic meningitis. The meaning of the presence of some colonies of H. influenzae in the cerebrospinal fluid is discussed. PMID- 3491364 TI - Handguns as a pediatric problem. AB - Handgun injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in American society, particularly among young people. Large numbers of children are affected by handgun violence through the loss of fathers, brothers, and other relatives. Young children are injured, and occasionally killed, in handgun "accidents." Some young children and many adolescents are murdered with handguns. Like infant mortality, handgun violence in the United States is a medical as well as a social problem. Because of the great lethality of handguns and their very limited ability to provide personal protection, handgun injury can best be reduced by making handguns less available. Handgun control cannot reduce rates of crime or interpersonal assault, but it can reduce the frequency and severity of injury arising from these situations toward the much lower levels found in other countries. The involvement of children in the United States handgun injury epidemic warrants effective pediatrician involvement in efforts toward handgun control. PMID- 3491365 TI - Hemorrhage and shock due to intestinal malabsorption. PMID- 3491366 TI - Identification of the protein encoded by the human diffuse B-cell lymphoma (dbl) oncogene. AB - The dbl oncogene was initially isolated from a human diffuse B-cell lymphoma. Antisera from mice bearing tumors induced by this oncogene specifically detected a protein of about 66 kDa (p66) in dbl transformants. dbl cDNA-selected poly(A)+ RNA isolated from a transfectant clone expressing p66 directed the in vitro synthesis of this protein, establishing that it is encoded by dbl. Subcellular localization studies revealed that p66 is a cytoplasmic protein distributed between cytosol and crude membrane fractions. Moreover, p66 was shown to be a phosphoprotein, with phosphorylation specific to serine residues. Our characterization of the dbl-encoded protein appears to distinguish this transforming gene product from those of other known oncogenes. PMID- 3491367 TI - Control of smooth muscle cell growth by components of the extracellular matrix: autocrine role for thrombospondin. AB - Addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to growth-arrested cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) induces the synthesis and secretion of thrombospondin (TS), a glycoprotein component of the SMC extracellular matrix in vitro. This induction occurs at PDGF concentrations that are suboptimal for a mitogenic response. In this study we examined the effect of TS on the proliferation of SMC, using a serum-free mitogenesis assay. Addition of either epidermal growth factor (EGF) or purified human platelet TS to quiescent rat vascular SMC did not substantially stimulate mitogenesis; the 30-hr nuclear labeling index increased from a mean of 7% in control cells to 20% for EGF-treated SMC and 17% for cells exposed to TS alone. However, TS and EGF acted synergistically to stimulate DNA synthesis by SMC, increasing the labeling index to 47%. The facilitative effect of TS on EGF-mediated mitogenesis was inhibited by heparin, a known inhibitor of SMC growth and migration that also blocks incorporation of TS into the SMC extracellular matrix. The effect was specific for EGF; TS did not augment the response of cells to insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1. These data establish a functional role for cell-derived TS and provide evidence for the presence of an autocrine, growth-supportive mechanism involving the extracellular matrix. In addition, our experiments support the existence of a novel, heparin sensitive SMC mitogenic pathway and suggest a mechanism whereby heparin-like molecules may inhibit SMC proliferation. PMID- 3491368 TI - Induction of split tolerance and clinical cure in high-responding hemophiliacs with factor IX antibodies. AB - An approach to the problem of inducing tolerance in patients with hemophilia complicated by high-responding antibodies is described. Thus, in four patients with severe hemophilia B and high-responding antibodies against factor IX, it has been possible to modify the immune response by giving high doses of intravenous IgG in combination with cyclophosphamide and factor IX, followed by regular factor IX treatment. In three of the patients, the in vivo recovery and half-life of infused factor IX coagulant activity (IX:C) are now normal, while the fourth patient has been converted to a low responder. Hip replacement surgery has been performed successfully in one patient. The tolerant state in these four patients is characterized, and they have all been found to have complexes between factor IX antigen and a "new" antibody without IX:C inhibitory activity. The disappearance rate of the complexed factor IX antigen (i.e., lacking IX:C activity) is considerably prolonged, and the persistence in the circulation of this (probably modified) factor IX molecule may be crucial, since tolerance to factor IX treatment was only induced when immunocomplexes were produced. Since earlier treatment of the patients with cyclophosphamide and factor IX, but without IgG, failed to induce tolerance, it appears to be the IgG that is the prerequisite. PMID- 3491369 TI - Action of chronically administered antidepressants on the serotonergic postsynapse in a model of depression. AB - A theory of excessive transmission of serotonin (5-HT) in depression has been previously proposed. The purpose of the present study was to test this theory further by using the model of depression in rats induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of 5-HT. The drug effects on 5-HTP (25 mg/kg) induced behavioral depression were tested by chronic administration using methysergide which is a postsynaptic blocker of 5-HT, or by comparable clinical doses of antidepressant drugs. Methysergide (2 mg/kg) blocked 5-HTP induced depression on days 8 and 22 after initiation of medication by 70% and 83%, respectively. Among antidepressants, mianserin (2 mg/kg) was the first to produce an effect, displaying a 38% effect as early as 1 day after the start of medication and having blocking effects of 52% and 72% on days 8 and 22. Desipramine (5 mg/kg), doxepine (5 mg/kg), imipramine (5 mg/kg) and trazodone (10 mg/kg) showed no significant effect on days 1 and 8, and on day 22, 64, 36, 33 and 32% blocking, respectively. Amitriptyline had an initial effect of 41% at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Clomipramine (5 mg/kg), zimelidine (6 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (2.5 mg/kg), which is a neuroleptic, showed no effect. Considering these results in light of recent data reported on the 5-HT synapse, it was suggested that 5-HTP induced depression may be induced by excessive transmission of 5-HT and that some antidepressant drugs may produce their effect by blocking this postsynaptic transmission. Based on these results, the mechanisms of human depression were discussed. PMID- 3491372 TI - Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the muscles surrounding the shoulder. AB - Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used to augment range-of motion, strengthening, and facilitation treatment programs of the muscles surrounding the shoulder. The purposes of this article are 1) to describe the uses of NMES around the shoulder joint as developed through our clinical use and 2) to detail the effects of an NMES program on chronic shoulder subluxation as determined by a clinical study. Because of the complexities of this multiarticular joint, NMES is most useful in the initial phase of the ROM, and stimulated contractions are compromised, relatively, as the humerus moves above the 90-degree horizontal plane. The use of NMES to provide scapular stabilization often entails unwanted alteration of the pressures on the spinal column, occasionally making the treatment program unusable. Electrical stimulation to prevent or correct shoulder subluxation, especially in the neurologically involved patient, provides the therapist with a powerful new treatment technique. In a group of stroke patients, shoulder subluxation was reduced significantly (p less than .05) at the completion of a six-week NMES program. Some of the problems, and possible solutions, unique to the development of electrical stimulation programs for the shoulder muscles are discussed. PMID- 3491370 TI - Prenatal stress increases the behavioral response to serotonin agonists and alters open field behavior in the rat. AB - Female rats were exposed to mild stress throughout pregnancy and the offspring tested at 60 days of age. In an open field test the prenatal stress group showed increased locomotion and increased rearing compared to control rats confirming that the prenatal stress treatment was sufficient to produce persistent behavioural changes in the offspring. The prenatal stress offspring also showed an increased behavioural response to injections of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (wet dog shakes) and an enhanced 5-HT syndrome following treatment with the 5-HT agonist 5-methoxy-N,N- dimethyltryptamine. These results provide further evidence that maternal stress produces long-lasting changes in the functioning of central 5-HT neurons in the offspring. PMID- 3491371 TI - Physical therapy management of the shoulder. AB - This article presents an overview of physical therapy management for patients with pathological musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder. The importance of a thorough physical examination is stressed because proper treatment is based on this information. The primary goals of management should include the alleviation of acute inflammation and pain and the avoidance of subsequent soft tissue shortening. Medical and surgical treatments for common shoulder disorders also are discussed. PMID- 3491373 TI - High voltage versus low voltage. PMID- 3491374 TI - [Has the cataphasic form of schizophrenia increased in modern times?]. AB - According to our investigations the incidence of cataphasia, which is a subtype of schizophrenia, has become more common in the last years and on average, has started earlier in life. As the central disorder of this illness concerns thinking perhaps there exists a relation of our finding to the rapid modern development of techniques, insofar as the cognitive function is overstrained in childhood and adolescence, when the nervous system has not matured yet. Introverted individuals seem to be at a particular risk. However, it must not be disregarded that cataphasia is an inherited illness which cannot be caused by external influences, but can only be promoted in its manifestation. PMID- 3491376 TI - Personality correlates of the use of marihuana, tobacco and beer. PMID- 3491375 TI - Review of suicide among elderly persons. PMID- 3491377 TI - Gastric hemorrhage complicating percutaneous transgastric jejunostomy. AB - The first occurrence at the authors' institution of serious gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage complicating percutaneous transgastric jejunostomy and its management by a modified technique are reported. The 0.7% frequency of this complication (one in 130 procedures) compares favorably with the frequency of hemorrhage reported for surgical gastrostomy (0.9%-1.4%). Percutaneous transgastric jejunostomy represents no greater risk of hemorrhage than does surgical gastrostomy and should continue to be an alternative to the latter procedure. PMID- 3491378 TI - Distance-weighted backprojection: a SPECT reconstruction technique. PMID- 3491379 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafts: visualization with MR imaging. AB - To evaluate the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs), 20 patients with grafts underwent electrocardiographic-gated MR study. The number and location of CABGs in each patient were not known at the time of study. The number of grafts seen with MR imaging was compared with the actual number of grafts determined from the operative or angiographic report. On the prospective review of the images, 54 of 64 grafts (84%) were detected, with three false-positive results. When the images were reevaluated with knowledge of the type and number of grafts in each patient, 56 of 64 grafts (88%) were detected. Forty-one of the 46 (89%) left grafts, 15 of the 18 (83%) right grafts, and five of the 11 (45%) internal mammary grafts were detected. Although resolution was not adequate to determine the presence of graft stenosis, this early experience indicates that patent CABGs can be seen with MR imaging. PMID- 3491380 TI - [Origin of the diversity of the immune system]. PMID- 3491381 TI - [Host defense mechanisms of invertebrates from the phylogenetic viewpoint]. PMID- 3491382 TI - Control of prostanoid synthesis: role of reincorporation of released precursor fatty acids. AB - Prostanoid synthesis is limited by the availability of free arachidonic acid. This polyunsaturated fatty acid is liberated by phospholipases and usually is an intermediate of the deacylation-reacylation cycle of membrane phospholipids. In rat peritoneal macrophages, ethylmercurisalicylate (merthiolate) or N ethylmaleimide (NEM) dose dependently inhibited the incorporation of arachidonic acid into cellular phospholipids, at lower concentrations specifically into phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, merthiolate could be shown to be a rather selective inhibitor of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase. In contrast, phospholipase A2 activity was not affected over a wide dose range. Consequently, macrophages showed a large increase in prostanoid synthesis (prostaglandin E, prostacyclin and thromboxane) in the presence of both lysophosphatide acyltransferase inhibiting agents. Similar results were obtained with human platelets, in which merthiolate increased the release of thromboxane. Addition of free arachidonic acid also enhanced prostanoid synthesis in macrophages. At optimal concentrations, merthiolate had no further augmenting effect. It is concluded that the rate of prostanoid synthesis is not only controlled by phospholipase A2 activity, but rather by the activity of the reacylating enzymes, mainly lysophosphatide acyltransferase. PMID- 3491383 TI - [Brain imaging with emission computed tomography and N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine; technical aspects]. PMID- 3491384 TI - [Study of a two-dimensional filter in SPECT cerebral blood flow imaging using N isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine]. PMID- 3491385 TI - [Recommendation on the standardization of image display for single photon emission computed tomography. Subcommittee for Standardization of Radionuclide Imaging, Medical and Pharmaceutical Committee: Japan Radioisotope Association]. PMID- 3491386 TI - [Monitoring of serum levels of gentamicin: implications and significance in antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 3491387 TI - [Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: data on prevalence and morbidity in the region of Natal, RN]. PMID- 3491388 TI - [Cerebral tuberculoma with self-limited meningeal tuberculosis]. PMID- 3491389 TI - [Berger's disease]. PMID- 3491390 TI - [Prolonged fever of obscure etiology associated with Cushing's syndrome caused by self medication with dexamethasone]. PMID- 3491391 TI - [Prospective study of cases of acute viral conjunctivitis in the city of Sao Paulo. Characterization of enterovirus 70 (acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis)]. PMID- 3491392 TI - [Conservative surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the breast. Preliminary results in 148 patients]. PMID- 3491393 TI - [Gastrectomy and small intestine interposition in the treatment of gastric cancer -results]. PMID- 3491394 TI - [Opening of tracheal stenosis with a laser beam through fibroscopy]. PMID- 3491395 TI - [Venous aneurysm. Report of a case]. PMID- 3491396 TI - [Myocardial revascularization using the internal mammary artery. Technic for its selective catheterization]. PMID- 3491397 TI - [Heterologous pericardial substitutes: a call for attention]. PMID- 3491398 TI - [Preparation and characteristics of an equine anti-human thymocyte gamma globulin produced in Mexico]. PMID- 3491400 TI - [Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in newborn infants: endoscopic diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 3491399 TI - [Massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3491401 TI - [Sensory and motor effects of thalamic stimulation in man. Clinical applications]. AB - Human thalamus exploration was performed using stereotactic electrodes in ranks of two millimetres following three trajectories at two millimetres' intervals in the same sagittal plane. Stimuli were applied alternately with tracing recordings. Characteristics of the various thalamic systems were defined under normal and pathological (deafferentation of thalamus, dyskinesia) conditions. Therapeutic applications of this topographical analysis of thalamus are discussed. PMID- 3491402 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the sensory nucleus of the thalamus on dyskinesia and spasticity]. AB - Intermittent electrical stimulation of thalamus sensory nucleus effectively controlled dyskinesiae in 4 patients with Dejerine-Roussy's painful thalamic syndrome, and clonus of legs in 2 patients with post-traumatic medullary paraplegia. Results of long-term follow-up of these 6 cases, with movements controlled by implantation of a system of electrical stimulation of the thalamus sensory nucleus, are reviewed. PMID- 3491404 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic study using positron emission tomography in a case of right thalamo-capsular ischemic stroke]. AB - The authors report the results of a Positron Emission Tomographic (PET) study of local cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in one patient with a right capsulo-thalamic ischemic lesion. That lesion is well demonstrated using X-ray CT Scan. PET study demonstrates a decreased perfusion and metabolism at three levels: first in right thalamus region, second in whole right hemisphere, more marked at orbitofrontal area and third at the level of the left cerebellar hemisphere. The authors point out the usefulness of PET studies which allow a better understanding of clinical signs by demonstrating functional consequences of damage in deeply located structures such as thalamus and internal capsule on cerebral and cerebellar cortices. PMID- 3491403 TI - [Cortical hypometabolism after a thalamic lesion in man: positron tomography study]. AB - We used positron emission tomography to study the effects of unilateral vascular thalamic lesions on cortical oxygen or glucose utilisation in 10 patients. There was a significant ipsilateral cortex hypometabolism in 9 of the 10 patients, affecting diffusely the whole cortical mantle. The only patient spared was free of neuropsychological deficit at time of PET study. In 4 patients, the magnitude of ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism was significantly less at follow-up PET study, together with improved neuropsychological function. When plotted altogether, the 14 studies showed a significant tendency for the hypometabolism to improve with time elapsed since clinical onset. On the whole, these data suggest that the ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism reflects an essentially functional alteration an not only a degenerating process. This most likely indicates a cortical deafferentation due to loss of non-specific thalamo-cortical connections, i.e. a phenomenon akin to "diaschisis". However, a causal relationship between cortical hypometabolism and neuropsychological deficit cannot be firmly established from the present data. PMID- 3491405 TI - [Disruptions of hemispheric blood flow and deep cerebral hematomas]. AB - Cerebral blood flow measurements with single photon emission tomography and 133Xe inhalation was performed in 18 patients with hematomas, 14 thalamo-capsular, 4 capsulo-lenticular. In thalamo-capsular cases and in standard conditions, ipsilateral hemispheric C.B.F. and contralateral cerebellar C.B.F. were decreased; a concomitant depression of frontal and temporal C.B.F. was often noted. A similar change was found in capsulo-lenticular cases, the frontal C.B.F. being however less depressed. An attenuation of interhemispheric asymmetry was often found after acetazolamide intravenous injection. A significant correlation was demonstrated between interhemispheric asymmetry index (AI) and frontal and temporal AI. PMID- 3491406 TI - Plasmid analysis in molecular epidemiology: a summary and future directions. AB - Plasmid analysis is a useful method for epidemiologic typing of a variety of organisms. In outbreaks, plasmid profiling is a rapid, convenient way to follow the spread of the epidemic strain and may be more specific than other typing methods. Restriction endonuclease profiling of plasmids has led to an understanding of how the transmission of specific resistance plasmids among many species can contribute to endemic antibiotic resistance. Finally, it is now possible to detect the spread of specific genes among a variety of plasmids. In the future, increased emphasis will be placed on methods for monitoring the spread of specific resistance mechanisms, and research topics will include the spread of specific genes, both on chromosomal and on extrachromosomal DNA; the spread of strains with mutations affecting outer membrane proteins; and changes in the expression of specific chromosomal beta-lactamases. Restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal DNA, profiling of outer membrane proteins, and monoclonal antibody subtyping will also be used increasingly to monitor the spread of specific strains. PMID- 3491407 TI - Aspergillus clavatus endocarditis involving a normal aortic valve following coronary artery surgery. AB - Aspergillus species causing endocarditis on a native heart valve is a rare occurrence with an exceedingly high mortality. This report describes a 60-year old man who developed Aspergillus clavatus endocarditis of the aortic valve 18 months after coronary artery bypass surgery. The aortic valve was angiographically normal on cardiac catheterization performed before coronary artery surgery. Despite aortic valve replacement and amphotericin B therapy, the patient died as a result of Aspergillus species aortitis with occlusion of the coronary ostia and bypass grafts. Coronary artery surgery may be complicated by this highly lethal infection, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. PMID- 3491408 TI - [Relation between the body immune status and the thermal resistance of the receptors for sheep erythrocytes on the membrane of human T lymphocytes]. PMID- 3491409 TI - Establishment of monoclonal antibodies which possess the same characteristics as the naturally occurring thymocytotoxic autoantibodies (NTA). AB - Autoantibody-secreting hybrid cell lines were obtained by fusion of spleen cells from unimmunized (NZB X NZW) F1 mice with the HAT-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0-Ag14. Eight hybridoma cell lines producing autoantibodies to mouse thymocytes were cloned and the resultant antibodies were partially characterized. All eight monoclonal antibodies lysed mouse thymocytes in the presence of rabbit complement. The anti-thymocyte cytotoxic antibody activities were absorbed with thymocytes, lymph node cells, unfractionated spleen cells, and splenic T cells; but not with bone marrow cells, splenic B cells, or homogenates of mouse kidney, liver, or striated muscle cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of culture supernatants from seven of the eight hybrid clones were absorbed with mouse brain tissue homogenates. Isotyping of the monoclonal antibodies revealed that five were IgM and three were IgG2a. Mouse thymocytes sensitized with each of the eight monoclonal antibodies in vitro became highly susceptible to phagocytosis by syngeneic macrophages. The monoclonal antithymocyte antibodies, thus, appear to be similar to the naturally occurring, (NZB X NZW) F1 thymocytotoxic autoantibodies (NTA) described by Shirai et al. PMID- 3491410 TI - Neopterin production in inflamed knee joints: high levels in synovial fluids. AB - Neopterin levels of serum and fluid were determined in 30 patients with inflammatory synovial fluids and in 30 controls with joint effusions induced by trauma or osteoarthritis. Neopterin was significantly elevated in inflammatory fluids. There was no correlation with the acute phase reactants. Neopterin levels were significantly higher in inflammatory fluids than in serum, and vice versa in non-inflammatory conditions. Our results indicate that in arthritis neopterin is produced locally in the joint by monocytes induced by T-cell activation. PMID- 3491411 TI - Antibody class differences are detected in anti-nRNP and anti-Sm antibodies directed against distinct antigen subunits. AB - Antibodies to nRNP, Sm and La were detected and characterised by immunoblot analysis. A comparison was made between IgG and IgM autoantibodies in 77 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 50 normal subjects. No antibodies were detected in the normal subjects. In all 3 antigen specificity groups, a heterogeneity of antibody class was observed between patients. Antibodies to the 2 nRNP-specific polypeptides (33 and 67 kD) were approximately equally frequent. Although IgG antibodies to the 67 kD polypeptide were detected in 88% of patients with antibodies to this polypeptide, IgG antibodies to the 33 kD polypeptide were only detected in 43% of patients with antibodies to this polypeptide. This suggested either that anti-33 kD antibody is produced by a B cell which cannot mature to an IgG-secretor, or that anti-33 kD antibody production succeeds an initial immune response producing anti-67 kD. Reactivity with the 29 kD, Sm specific polypeptide appeared to be the most frequent in anti-Sm sera compared with the 16 kD polypeptide suggesting that this polypeptide may be the primary immunogenic component of Sm. PMID- 3491413 TI - Absence of antinuclear antibodies in cryoprecipitates of patients with essential mixed or secondary non-lupoid cryoglobulinemia. AB - A panel of autoantibodies has been tested in serum samples and cryoprecipitates of 14 patients affected by essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) as well as in 12 subjects with secondary non-lupoid cryoglobulinemia (SC). Three out of 14 patients affected by EMC were ANA-positive (2 at 1:40 dilution and one at 1:80 dilution). Two out of 12 patients with SC were ANA-positive (both at 1:40 dilution). No autoantibodies were found in the cryoprecipitates. These data seem to confirm some previous observations and do not indicate a role of autoantibodies in the cryoprecipitate formation. PMID- 3491414 TI - [The Linton-Nachlas tube]. PMID- 3491412 TI - Cryoglobulinemias and connective tissue diseases. AB - Cryoglobulinemias in connective tissue diseases (CTD) represent, according to various authors, 12-30% of all cryoglobulinemia cases. Among CTD, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjogren's syndrome are the diseases most frequently involved in the presence of cryoglobulins (8-48%). The cryoglobulinemias are mostly of the third type and sometimes of the second type. When clinical symptoms are present, usually they are represented by Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgias, urticaria, purpura and liver involvement. However, the presence of cryoglobulins in a patient with CTD often does not correlate with clinical picture and other laboratory findings. Eight of our 28 cases (15 SLE and 13 RA) showed third type cryoglobulinemias (7 IgM-IgG and one IgM-IgG-Clq) with a remarkable decrease of serum C4 levels. PMID- 3491415 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 3491416 TI - [Palindromic rheumatism. Immunologic survey and study of development in 43 cases]. AB - 43 patients (18 females, 25 males) presenting palindromic rheumatism were given follow-up examinations after a mean lapse of 14.75 years. 16 subjects still presented palindromic rheumatism and of these six showed complete remission. 27 patients had developed chronic inflammatory rheumatism after seven years (mean value) of palindromic rheumatism, but resolution of PR was seen in four cases. Male predominance was more marked in the palindromic subgroup (PAL) but was also seen in the subgroup of subjects who had developed PR (PAL-PR). Laboratory tests demonstrated a constant homogeneous increase in immunoglobulins (notable IgAs) and in the T4/T8 ratio in the PAL and PAL-PR subgroups. Rheumatoid serodiagnostic tests were positive significantly more frequently in the PAL-PR subgroup, which also comprised a high proportion of cases of erosive arthritis. Overall the frequency of HLA-DR 4 antigen did not increase in the subjects studied. Subjects in the PAL subgroup (cf. PAL-PR subgroup) were characterized by a twofold increase in frequency of DR 5 antigen, with a relative risk of 3.5 to 4.5, a significant increase in B35 and B5 and a clear decrease in B12. PMID- 3491417 TI - [Cleopatra syndrome, a new autoimmune pathology? ("Adjuvant human diseases")]. PMID- 3491418 TI - Immunological effects of intravenous gammaglobulin treatment in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The effects of high-dose intravenous IgG treatment on circulating and bound platelet antibodies, immunoglobulin synthesis and lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The levels of circulating IgM platelet antibodies increased in 3 patients and remained unaffected in 9 others after treatment. Platelet-associated IgM levels decreased in all patients, while platelet-associated IgG decreased in 10 out of 12 patients. The spontaneous non-specific immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral lymphocytes determined with a protein-A plaque assay was rather increased than suppressed. There was no consistent effect on the frequency of surface immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes (B cells), although an increase was seen after treatment in 5 out of 8 patients, due to an increased number of surface IgM positive cells. The frequencies of T cells and T cell subpopulations determined with the help of monoclonal antisera (OKT 3, 4, 8) were not affected. No major side effects were observed and serum transaminase levels were normal during and after the treatment. It is suggested that the short-term effect of IgG treatment in ITP is not due to an immunomodulating or suppressive action. It might, in some patients, be due to interaction of the IgG with antibody or immune complex binding to platelets. PMID- 3491419 TI - Glycogen content and PAS staining pattern of human megakaryocytes. AB - The glycogen content of human megakaryocytes was studied using a quantitative method. Smears of bone marrow from 13 individuals were stained with the modified PAS reaction with and without prior treatment with alpha-amylase. The intensity of the reaction was determined by microspectrophotometry in 50 megakaryocytes from each individual. It was found that megakaryocytes are rich in glycogen which is not only confined to the intensely PAS-positive granules and inclusion bodies, but also makes up a good part of the diffuse cytoplasmic staining. In the diffusely stained megakaryocytes, glycogen makes up 32% of the intensity of the PAS reaction, while it reaches 47% in those with granules and up to 60% in those with inclusion bodies. The total extinction of the PAS-stained megakaryocytes is not only dependent on the morphological appearances of the cells, but is also positively correlated with their size. PMID- 3491420 TI - Leukaemia cell markers. PMID- 3491421 TI - Human epidermal Langerhans cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Accessory cell function, autoactivating and alloactivating capacity and ETAF/IL-1 production. AB - We compared the functional capacities of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and peripheral blood monocytes. Epidermal sheets were obtained by a suction blister device. After enzymatic treatment LC were enriched by attaching them to IgG-located erythrocyte monolayers. On a per cell basis, LC were several times more efficient accessory cells than monocytes in augmenting nickel-and tuberculin (PPD)-induced T-cell proliferation. In mixed cell cultures LC stimulated both autologous and allogeneic T cells, whereas monocytes stimulated only allogeneic cells. In addition, LC were significantly more potent allogeneic stimulators than monocytes. Although monocytes were weaker accessory cells and allogeneic stimulators than LC, they induced higher interleukin 1 (IL-1) activities than LC enriched or LC-depleted cells. These results indicate that there are functional differences between LC and monocytes and that antigen presentation and mediator secretion are not correlated. PMID- 3491422 TI - Systolic blood pressure in relation to occupation and perceived work stress. AB - This paper outlines the methods used in a five-year prospective study of 4,607 Australian government employees and presents initial cross-sectional results examining associations between systolic blood pressure, occupation, and subjects' perceptions of work stress as ascertained in a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire items were grouped by means of principal component analysis into six factors representing adverse job characteristics. There were appreciable occupational differences in the mean scores for all six factors and in systolic blood pressure. The differences in systolic blood pressure among men from different occupational categories could not be explained by variation in the level of occupational stress perceived and reported by the subjects. Age, occupation, body mass index, and level of perceived stress arising from financial problems were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure level. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the relationship between systolic blood pressure, age, and occupation after adjustment for the effects of the other variables. PMID- 3491423 TI - [Cellular immune response in HIV(LAV/HTLV-III) infection]. AB - Various tests to determine the cellular immune response in HIV infected persons are presented and their use in clinical practice is discussed. The T4 cell count using the full blood method is a precise test for evaluation of T4 cell elimination by HIV infection and the immune deficiency thus developing. The skin test to various recall antigens (multitest) is simple and helpful in confirming a suspected immune defect. It is, however, too insensitive to detect incipient T4 cell destruction without functional consequences. The lymphocyte count is diminished in final disease stages only and is not helpful in discriminating between early disease stages. Proliferative tests of isolated lymphocytes are of prognostic relevance if antigen is used as a stimulus, since diminution of antigen induced proliferation is a sensitive parameter of immune dysfunction. The value of mitogen induced proliferations lies in possible comparison of the effect of autologous or control serum on proliferative response, since immunosuppressive factors may be found in sera of HIV infected persons. PMID- 3491424 TI - [Coronary revascularizations using multiple mammary anastomoses compared to classical vein grafts]. AB - In a series of 100 consecutive patients the internal mammary arteries have been used whenever possible for revascularization of the coronary arteries. At least one internal mammary artery was used in 89% of cases; both internal mammary arteries were used in 30% and in 17% sequential internal mammary-coronary artery anastomoses were performed. The results in this group of patients were compared to another group of 250 consecutive patients in whom the coronary arteries were revascularized by classical saphenous vein grafts. In-hospital mortality was 3% for the internal mammary artery group and 2.5% for the saphenous vein group (NS). The follow-up was complete for 89% of the patients after a mean duration of 6 months. At control the mean NYHA functional class was assessed as 1.0 +/- 0.2 for the internal mammary artery group and 1.2 +/- 0.2 for the saphenous vein group (p less than 0.01). Stress test was electrically positive in 7.1% of the internal mammary artery group and in 15.3% of the saphenous vein group (p less than 0.05). Although the method is technically more demanding, the results after internal mammary-coronary artery anastomoses appear to be superior. PMID- 3491425 TI - The nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus is both a T-cell-independent and a T-cell dependent antigen. AB - One characteristic of the immune response during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is the vigorous production and subsequent persistence of antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes M and G to the nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg). In this study HBcAg was shown to be similarly immunogenic in mice. When injected into athymic (nude) B10.BR and athymic BALB/c mice, HBcAg induced IgM and IgG class antibodies to HBc in spite of the absence of T cells in nude mice. In euthymic mice, HBcAg efficiently stimulated T-cell proliferation in vitro and helper T-cell function in vivo. The dual functions of HBcAg as a T-cell independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen may explain its enhanced immunogenicity. Denaturation of HBcAg yields a nonparticulate antigen designated HBeAg; when HBeAg was used as the immunogen, antibody production required helper T-cell function. Although HBcAg and HBeAg are serologically distinct, they are structurally related, and in these experiments were highly cross-reactive at the T-cell level. These results suggest that the elevated levels of IgM antibodies to HBc and the enhanced immunogenicity of HBcAg during HBV infection in humans reflect the ability of HBcAg to directly activate B cells to produce antibodies to HBc in the presence or absence of HBcAg- or HBeAg-sensitized T cells. PMID- 3491426 TI - Determination of junction avidity of cytolytic T cell and target cell. AB - A direct measurement of the avidity of the junction between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte and its target cell was achieved by using a biophysical approach. A micromanipulation technique was used to determine the force required to separate a cytotoxic T cell (human clone F1, with specificity for HLA-DRw6) from its specific target cell (JY: HLA-A2, -B7, -DR4, w6) prior to delivery of the lethal hit. The force required to separate the F1-JY pair is 1.5 X 10(4) dynes per square centimeter. This junction avidity for F1-JY pairs is 6 to 13 times greater than that for F1-F1 and JY-JY pairs; the F1-JY conjugate requires a stronger separating force and is more easily rejoined than the homologous cell pairs. This study provides an estimate of the avidity of cytotoxic T cells for their target cells and insights into the biophysical correlates of the molecular complexes formed in the interaction of cytotoxic T cells and their targets during the cytotoxic process. PMID- 3491427 TI - The Fos protein complex is associated with DNA in isolated nuclei and binds to DNA cellulose. AB - The properties of the viral and cellular fos proteins (Fos) were investigated as a first step toward understanding the function of the fos gene. Treatment of nuclei with salt and nonionic detergents solubilized a complex that contained Fos together with several other cellular proteins. The majority of the Fos protein complex was released from isolated nuclei incubated in the presence of deoxyribonuclease I or micrococcal nuclease but not with ribonuclease A, suggesting that Fos is associated with chromatin. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that Fos protein from native or denatured nuclear extracts exhibited DNA-binding activity in vitro. These results suggest that Fos is involved in the regulation of gene expression. PMID- 3491428 TI - Two different cis-active elements transfer the transcriptional effects of both EGF and phorbol esters. AB - Short cis-active sequences of the rat prolactin or Moloney murine leukemia virus genes transfer transcriptional regulation by both epidermal growth factor and phorbol esters to fusion genes. These sequences act in a position- and orientation-independent manner. Competitive binding analyses with nuclear extracts from stimulated and unstimulated cells suggest that different trans acting factors associate with the regulatory sequence of each gene. A model is proposed suggesting that both epidermal growth factor and phorbol esters stimulate the transcription of responsive genes via discrete classes of hormone dependent, enhancer-like elements that bind different trans-acting factors, even in the absence of hormone stimulation. PMID- 3491429 TI - Complement activation after aortic endothelial injury. AB - Ischemic endothelial cell injury results in C activation that precedes partially via the classic pathway. This may be relevant to clinical situations of ischemia such as occur during embolization or thrombus formation. The generation of C activation products (such as C3a and C5a) may mediate many of the inflammatory changes observed in infarcted tissues. PMID- 3491430 TI - Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in some Filipino women. AB - Vaginal specimens obtained from 1,284 hospitality girls and 87 expectant mothers were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by first examining material collected from vaginal swabs and after incubation in Feinberg and Whittington culture medium. Twenty-four percent of the specimens examined, shortly after the cotton tip swab was placed into 1 ml culture medium, were positive by direct microscopic examination and 37% positive following 3 to 5 days incubation at 37 degrees C. Only 3 of the specimens from mothers were positive after the first examination and 4 positive after culture. These high prevalence rates are expected among hospitality girls and are the highest rates thus far reported from the Philippines. These results provide convincing evidence of the value of using cultural methods in determining prevalence rates for Trichomonas vaginalis infections in females. PMID- 3491431 TI - Lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS) compliance in adolescent female scoliosis patients. AB - This retrospective study of lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS) treatment for patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis was performed to document patient compliance in the standard electrical stimulation program and to gain objective data to perform a relative comparison of electrical stimulation and bracing compliance. Forty mothers of adolescent female patients participating in the electrical stimulation program of one of the authors (NK) were interviewed confidentially by an independent observer (SW). Patients whose compliance was rated good or total were thought to have acceptable compliance rates. Overall, 50% showed good or total compliance, 10% fair, 5% poor, and 35% failures. It appeared that the failures tended to exaggerate their symptoms and use "skin irritation" as an excuse to discontinue treatment. The longer patients used the LESS (scolitron) device, the more compliant they became (P less than 0.0). This is opposite to the findings about brace compliance. Confidence of the mother in the device showed a positive correlation (P less than 0.008) with compliance, and a mother's concern of how others would react to her child's scoliosis had a negative correlation (P less than 0.003). From the results of this study, overall compliance appears to be somewhat better for electrical stimulation programs than for bracing programs. However, the high failure rate was both disappointing and surprising. PMID- 3491432 TI - [Prevalence of positive rheumatoid factor and results of a follow-up study in a population of 20,000]. PMID- 3491433 TI - [Anti-idiotypic antibodies reactive with autoantibodies to n-RNP demonstrated prior to production of anti-n-RNP antibodies in a patient with PM-PSS-RA overlap syndrome]. PMID- 3491434 TI - [Platelet consumption and platelet dysfunction during and after surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3491435 TI - [Peripheral T lymphoma. Clinicopathologic study of 11 cases]. PMID- 3491436 TI - Indefinite survival of rat parathyroid allografts without postoperative immunosuppression. AB - Methods that avoid long-term immunosuppression must be developed for human parathyroid allotransplantation to be feasible. Pretransplant treatment of the graft to eliminate passenger cells is one such method. An alternative approach is short-term treatment of the recipients with cyclosporine (CsA). In this study, parathyroid glands from Lewis X Brown Norway rats were cultured for 1 week and treated with antiserum directed against class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. Treated glands were transplanted into hypocalcemic Wistar-Furth recipients that previously received 30 mg/kg of CsA once a day for 3 days before transplantation. At 280 days after transplantation, 67% of the recipients had functional parathyroid allografts. Control rats (no CsA; fresh, untreated glands) rejected these grafts within 28 days. Control rats given 3 days of CsA and transplanted with fresh, untreated glands had functional grafts for greater than 56 days (median survival, 80.5 days). Prolongation of allograft survival with short-term, preoperative CsA demonstrates the efficacy of immunosuppression given at the time of antigen presentation. This course of CsA is even more effective when the recipient receives a graft whose passenger cells are eliminated. PMID- 3491437 TI - [Diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathies and the stage of lymphosarcoma leukemization using the simplest methods of immunologic phenotyping]. AB - The authors have summarized the research data on lymphoid cells of the lymph nodes and peripheral blood of normal donors, patients with hematological nonlymphoproliferative diseases, reactive lymphadenopathies and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases (Hodgkin's disease, chronic lympholeukemia and lymphosarcomas). The data indicate that the use of the panel of the simplest tests of immunological phenotyping provides in many cases sufficient information for differential diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathies and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases as well as for diagnosing the early stage of lymphosarcoma leukemization. PMID- 3491438 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. AB - The populations of lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were explored in 20 patients with erythremia, 26 patients with sub-leukemic myelosis, 38 patients with pronounced chronic myeloid leukemia, and 33 patients with the blastic phase of the illness. The patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases manifested cellular immunodeficiency that was aggravated as the disease progressed. In the pronounced stage, the patients showed relative preservation of humoral immunity whereas in the terminal stage they developed humoral deficiency. Study of the time-course of changes in the immunological characteristics has demonstrated that deterioration of the characteristics starts during blast transformation of myeloproliferative diseases. This may serve as a criterion for predicting exacerbations and early diagnosis of the blastic phase. PMID- 3491439 TI - [Antibodies to Forssman antigen in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and breast]. AB - Blood sera of 103 normal persons, 104 patients with malignant and 33 patients with benign tumors of different sites, 28 patients with inflammatory diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract and female sexual organs were examined to demonstrate antibodies to Forssman's antigen (FA) by means of the microhemagglutination test with sheep red blood cells. It was established that reduction in the amount of antibodies to FA was the most characteristic for gastro-intestinal carcinomas and to a lesser degree for breast cancers and that it was sporadically encountered in normal persons with non-cancerous pathology. The number of patients with low titres of antibodies to FA increased as the cancerous process progressed. PMID- 3491440 TI - Comparison of concentrations of two proteinase inhibitors, porcine pancreatic elastase inhibitory capacity, and cell profiles in sequential bronchoalveolar lavage samples. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage is used to obtain cells and proteins from the lower respiratory tract for diagnosis and research. Uncertainity exists about which site in the lung is sampled by the lavage fluid and what effect different lavage volumes have on recovery of the constituents of lavage fluid. Dilution of alveolar lining fluid by lavage fluid is variable and results are usually expressed as protein ratios to surmount this problem. We have compared cell profiles and the concentrations of two proteinase inhibitors--the low molecular weight bronchial protease inhibitor antileucoprotease and alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, together with alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor function and its relationship to the cell profile in sequential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients undergoing bronchoscopy. There was no difference in total or differential cell counts or albumin or alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor concentrations between the first and second halves of the lavage. Both the concentration of antileucoprotease and the ratio of antileucoprotease to albumin were, however, lower in the second half of the lavage (2p less than 0.01 and 2p less than 0.05 respectively). There was no difference in the function of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (assessed by inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase--PPE) between aliquots (0.28 mole PPE inhibited/mol alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor; range 0-1.19 for the first half and 0.37 mol PPE inhibited/mol alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor; range 0.10-0.80 for the second half). About 60-70% of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor in each half of the lavage fluid was inactive as an inhibitor. The function of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor did not differ between bronchitic smokers and ex-smokers. Alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor function was not related to the number of total white cells, macrophages, or neutrophils in the lavage fluid. Contamination of lavage by red blood cells was found to alter the concentration of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor but not its function when aliquots with and without erythrocytes were compared. These results show that the only difference between the two halves of these lavage samples is in the amount of antileucoprotease present, suggesting that more proximal secretions are being harvested early in the lavage procedure. Much of the alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor present in the samples is functionally inactive, but this is not clearly related to any particular cell type or to smoking habits, and does not differ between different stages of the lavage procedure. Much of the alpha1 proteinase inhibitor present in the samples is functionally inactive, but this is not clearly related to any particular cell type or to smoking habits, and does not differ between different stages of the lavage procedure. Finally, the presence of erythrocytes probably does affect alpha(1) proteinase inhibitor concentration and such samples should be excluded from analysis. PMID- 3491442 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency due to MMaltonZ phenotype: case report and family study. PMID- 3491441 TI - Tomography of regional ventilation and perfusion using krypton 81m in normal subjects and asthmatic patients. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography, a rotating gamma camera, and continuous inhalation or infusion of krypton 81m (half life 13 seconds) were used to measure regional ventilation (V), perfusion (Q), and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratios in five normal subjects in supine, prone, and lateral decubitus postures and in three asthmatic patients (supine posture only) before and after inhalation of 2.5 mg nebulised salbutamol. Vertical and horizontal gradients of V, Q, and V/Q were examined at three levels in each lung in regions of 1.9 cm3 size. In normal subjects V and Q increased along the axis of gravity in all postures and at all levels in the lung except for V in the prone position. Smaller horizontal gradients were found with an increase in V and Q from caudal to cranial--again except in the prone posture, where the gradient was slightly reversed. Constraint to outward motion of the ventral chest and abdominal wall is the most likely explanation for the different behaviour in the prone posture. In chronic asthma the vertical gradients of V and V/Q were the reverse of normal, but the Q gradient was normal. Bronchodilator treatment did not affect the vertical or horizontal gradients significantly, but analysis of individual regions showed that, relatively, V/Q worsened in 42% of them; this was associated in two thirds with an increase in fractional Q. After inhalation of beta agonist local vasodilatation may influence V/Q ratios in some units more than bronchodilatation. PMID- 3491443 TI - Avoidance of patent anterior grafts at revisional coronary artery surgery: use of a lateral thoracotomy approach. AB - The use of a right or left lateral thoracotomy is described as an alternative approach to revisional coronary artery surgery for patients with patent anterior grafts. Five patients underwent successful revisional coronary artery grafting with a total of three internal mammary artery grafts and three saphenous vein grafts. This is a safe technique in patients for whom repeat median sternotomy is potentially hazardous, notably those with patent anterior grafts or close apposition of the heart to the sternal table. PMID- 3491445 TI - [Immunology and malnutrition. Medical and social problems in developing countries]. PMID- 3491446 TI - Infectious endophthalmitis. AB - A clinical series of twenty-eight cases of suspected infectious endophthalmitis was reviewed. The combination of epidemiology and peroperative microscopy at the time of vitreous biopsy provided a useful indication of the pathogen involved. The visual prognosis was related to the virulence of the pathogen, and to the delay between recognition of symptoms or signs and treatment. It appears possible to predict high risk groups which warrant a high index of clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis to enable early vitrectomy with injection of appropriate intraocular antibiotics. PMID- 3491447 TI - Pathogenesis of recurrent corneal erosion: a further aetiological factor? AB - An unmasked, prospective study of the magnitude of Bell's phenomenon in 42 patients with recurrent corneal epithelial erosion has demonstrated an abnormally high prevalence of 'absent' or 'weak' Bell's phenomenon as compared to that in a control group of 189 patients. Those patients without a predisposing factor had a 78 per cent prevalence of abnormal Bell's phenomenon, those with an epithelial or basement membrane dystrophy had a 55 per cent prevalence, whereas those with preceding traumatic corneal abrasion formed an intermediate group (62 per cent abnormal Bell's phenomenon); the prevalence of 'absent' or 'weak' Bell's phenomenon in the control group was 26 per cent. The probable mechanisms of recurrent corneal epithelial erosion are discussed in the light of this newly described association. PMID- 3491444 TI - Platelet and plasma von Willebrand factor: structural differences. PMID- 3491448 TI - Senile cataract and senile macular degeneration: an investigation into possible risk factors. AB - Data from the Melton Mowbray Eye Study and Community Health Study have been used to look for possible risk factors for senile cataract and senile macular degeneration. Significant associations with senile cataract were age, female sex, myopia, social class and antihypertensive treatment, whilst for senile macular degeneration age and the absence of arcus senilis were significant. These observations are presented and discussed in relation to findings from other studies. PMID- 3491450 TI - Induction of antiidiotypic antibodies by blood transfusions. Characterization of T cell alloantigen-specific receptors by sera from transfused mice. AB - Balb/c (H-2d) mice were transfused weekly with 0.1 ml of whole blood from C3H (H 2k) mice. One week after 3 blood transfusions (BT), the mice were bled and the sera collected and pooled. The 3BT serum was absorbed twice with C3H lymphocytes and IgG isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. Balb/c anti-C3H, Balb/c anti Balb/c, and Balb/c anti-SJL (H-2s) lymphocytes were generated in the mixed lymphocyte cultures and metabolically labeled with 35S-methionine. Cell lysates were prepared from labeled lymphocytes and precleared by absorption with normal mouse serum. Immunoprecipitation was carried out by 3BT-IgG and NMS-IgG. 3BT-IgG specifically precipitated 7 molecules (30K, 60K, 72K, 86K, 92K, 97K, 145K) from Balb/c anti-C3H lymphocytes. In contrast, 3BT-IgG did not precipitate these molecules from Balb/c anti-Balb/c or from Balb/c anti-SJL lymphocytes. The data suggest that BT induces antibodies directed against the blood donor alloantigen specific receptors on recipient's T lymphocytes. PMID- 3491449 TI - Suppression of B cell immunity to DNP by serotherapy with monoclonal anti-DNP antibodies. Effect of the treatment schedule on the magnitude of specific suppression and its duration. AB - The effect of prior administration of anti-DNP (N-[2,4-dinitrophenyl]-B alanylglycylglycine) monoclonal antibodies on the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice was examined. One-time administration of a "cocktail" of two anti-DNP monoclonals resulted in suppression of the IgM anti-DNP response for one week after challenge but not longer. Maximal suppression of anti-DNP IgM plaque forming cells was achieved by administration of antibody 1-2 weeks before challenge with DNP. Maximal suppression of serum IgM antibody was seen by administration of antibody 2-3 weeks before challenge with antigen. Following one time administration of suppressive monoclonal antibody, the serum IgG antibody response to DNP was suppressed beginning 2 weeks after immunization and remained so for up to 241 days despite continual booster injections of antigen. Although most effective suppression of the humoral anti-DNP response was seen in animals receiving their single dose of suppressive antibody 2 weeks before first exposure to antigen, suppression of the IgG response was evident at all intervals examined up to 232 days in mice given monoclonal antibody between 0.1 day and 30 days before antigen, but not at earlier times. These findings suggest that regulatory networks, rather than the masking of antigenic determinants by passively administered antibody, play a role in antibody-mediated immunoregulation. They may be of use in designing strategies for optimizing immunosuppression protocols in clinical studies. PMID- 3491451 TI - Suppression of host-versus-graft response in experimental biliary obstruction. PMID- 3491452 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage due to leiomyoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 3491453 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 3491454 TI - Electrical stimulation of the bladder and gravidity. AB - Following experimental investigations, the authors have performed bladder stimulator implantation for paralyzed bladder patients since 1969. Up to 1983 altogether 32 operations were carried out for bladder paralysis following 21 peripheral and 11 central neural lesions. The patients urinated without residue after the operation. The observations showed that regular use of the stimulator led to the elimination of reflux in patients who had vesicoureteral reflux before the operation. It was found that, if the stimulator had to be removed for any reason after a period of 1 or 2 years, the urinating ability was maintained. Of the 7 female patients operated, 2 became pregnant. During pregnancy and delivery, the patients did not experience any problem with the implanted stimulator, and the children were born healthy and at term. PMID- 3491455 TI - [Effect of combined electroanesthesia on indicators of central hemodynamics in urologic surgery]. PMID- 3491456 TI - [Neurotherapy of the hyperactive bladder]. AB - Results in the treatment of non-neurogenic bladder hyperactivity are unsatisfactory. However, the first promising results from neurostimulation and our own findings in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the lower urinary tract have led us to consider peripheral neurostimulation of the S2 - dorsal root or dorsal nerve of the penis for treating patients with hyperactive bladder dysfunction. We report on the first 14 cases treated by peripheral neurostimulation and S2-dorsal root blockade with local anesthesia for bladder hyperactivity. The bladder function became normal, and the bladder capacity increased up to 400% under neurotherapy. The methods, results and complications are discussed. PMID- 3491457 TI - [Use of electrolysis in the treatment of suppurative wounds]. PMID- 3491458 TI - Humoral and cellular immunoresponsiveness of stanchioned cattle infested with Psoroptes ovis. AB - Bovine scabies in a clinical problem during the cool autumn and cold winter months. In south Texas it is necessary to stanchion animals in order to elicit patent infestation during summer months. Environmental factors and grooming have been purported to account for summer resistance to infestation. However, stanchioned animals exhibit varied levels of susceptibility to infestation, suggesting that the noted variability may be influenced by the host immune response. In this study, animals were infested with Psoroptes ovis while in stanchions. The development of anti-P. ovis antibody activity was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cellular immune function was monitored with mitogens and P. ovis antigens. A correlation was noted between the development of anti-P. ovis antibody activity and the increase in mite numbers and dermatitis. Coincident with the developing infestation was a suppression of T-cell function that appeared to be stress-related as a result of stanchioning. A working hypothesis is presented that attempts to correlate the developing humoral response and the depressed T-cell response with both an increasing dermatitis and mite population. PMID- 3491460 TI - [Ambulatory care for patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3491459 TI - Avian sarcoma virus gag-fps and gag-yes transforming proteins are not myristylated or palmitylated. AB - The transforming proteins of several avian sarcoma viruses were examined for evidence of covalently attached fatty acids. While the product of the viral src gene could be readily labeled biosynthetically with [3H]myristic acid, the gag onc transforming proteins of Fujinami sarcoma virus, PRCII, PRCIIp, and Y73 avian sarcoma viruses were not readily labeled with either [3H]myristate or [3H]palmitate. Thus, avian gag-onc proteins appear to lack modifications shared by mammalian gag and gag-onc proteins, and the products of the oncogenes src, tck, and ras. PMID- 3491461 TI - [Combined use of cocarboxylase and electrostimulation in treating patients with cerebral venous dystonias]. PMID- 3491462 TI - Mucosal mast cells: origin, kinetics and function. PMID- 3491463 TI - [Type and incidence of abnormalities in 23,939 newborn infants in a 5-year period]. AB - 23,939 children born consecutively at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Graz, over a 5-year period ending 31. 12. 1984 were surveyed for the presence of major malformations. 394 (1.6%) had a major congenital defect. Within the same time 392 infants died during the perinatal period, 86 of them being malformed (22%). The malformations were listed according the most likely mode of inheritance, revealing a total of 80 different congenital defects. About 70% of these malformations are associated with an increased recurrence risk (greater than 1%) and 15% carry a high risk of recurrence (greater than 10%). These facts point to the importance of prenatal diagnosis and proper genetic counselling. PMID- 3491464 TI - [Mental health in the aged]. AB - The life expectancy of the world population has increased considerably and the absolute number of 65-year olds will approximately triple in the next 40 years. Since the prevalence of chronic illness and disability increases steeply with advancing age, it is to be expected that the utilization of health services and services provided for the elderly will also increase. In the developed countries about one quarter of those aged 65 and over suffer from mental disorders. An important risk factor for mental disorders of old age seems to be the subjective awareness of loneliness, combined with a quantitative deficit in social relationships. Losses in personal relationships, above all conjugal bereavement, are, in general, associated with a higher mortality, a higher risk of suicide, various physical diseases and mental disorders, in particular depression. Dementia, one of the severest disorders in late life, increases steeply with advancing age, reaching rates of 20 to 30% among those aged 85 and over. Depressive disorders are among the most frequent psychogeriatric disorders. Due to the heterogeneity of their symptomatology and differences in case identification the prevalence rates vary substantially between countries. Prospective follow-up studies have revealed the mortality risk to be markedly higher in organic than in functional mental disorders. Care of the mentally ill elderly patient is characterized by a relatively low utilization of outpatient mental health services, whereas contact with GPs becomes increasingly important in late life. PMID- 3491465 TI - [Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnant patients in Vienna]. AB - Pregnant women were examined for chlamydia trachomatis-infection on a routine basis during a multicentric study in Vienna. Samples were taken from the cervix and fornix between the 30th and 34th week pregnancy. FTIC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence techniques were used to verify chlamydia trachomatis. Out of 1238 pregnant women, 101 (8.16%) were positive for chlamydia trachomatis. Since chlamydia infections can result in severe local or generalized complications and also spread to the newborn baby, screening investigations should be regularly performed during pregnancy and, if indicated, adequate treatment undertaken. PMID- 3491466 TI - [Status of tuberculosis throughout the world and in East Germany]. PMID- 3491467 TI - [Current status of preventive tuberculosis vaccination]. PMID- 3491468 TI - [Preventive chemotherapy]. PMID- 3491469 TI - [Lymph node tuberculosis today]. PMID- 3491470 TI - [Current problems of tuberculosis from the pathologic-anatomic viewpoint]. PMID- 3491471 TI - [Allergic diseases. Current developments and problems]. AB - Atopic diseases are the manifestations of the allergic reaction type I according to Gell and Coombs. The most important step was the identification of IgE as the decisive cause. The most important progresses during the last 5 years were the identification of an IgE-mediated delayed reaction by secondary target cells- besides mast cells and basophils, the proof that similar biochemical reactions can be induced by non-immunologic causes (parallergic reactions). These are the underlying mechanisms in intolerance of analgesics, and contrast media as well as anaphylactoid reactions after infusion of plasma substituents, first exact data on the determination of the high production of IgE, the specific sensitization, and the special manifestation by genetic factors. The international research is particularly concentrated on the identification of allergens and the improvement of immunotherapy. PMID- 3491473 TI - [Current achievements in the study of genetic aspects of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3491472 TI - [Localization and quantification of ischemic myocardial areas in the postinfarct phase by dipyridamole 201thallium emission computerized tomography]. AB - In 41 patients with a history of an acute myocardial infarction, the location of myocardial ischemia was studied by 201Tl emission computed tomography immediately and 3 h after intravenous dipyridamole. Distant ischemia was distinguished from peri-infarctional ischemia by the presence of transient thallium defects in, or slow thallium washout from myocardium not supplied by the infarct-related coronary artery. Ischemia at a distance occurred in 13 patients and was always accompanied by peri-infarctional ischemia. Peri-infarctional ischemia without distant ischemia was observed in 15 patients. The occurrence of distant ischemia was found to be dependent on the severity of stenosis in non-infarct coronary vessels. 12 (86%) of 14 patients with non-infarct stenosis of 75% or greater had distant ischemia, but only 1 (4%) of 27 patients with a stenosis of less than 75% in another vessel. In the presence of distant ischemia, peri-infarctional ischemia was in 11 patients (85%) associated with collaterals supplying the infarct zone, whereas in 13 (87%) of the patients with peri-infarctional ischemia only, incomplete obstruction of the infarct-vessel was observed. It is concluded that, by the distinction between peri-infarctional and distant ischemia, the presence of a significant stenosis in non-infarct vessels can be non-invasively predicted from tomographic thallium scintigraphy with dipyridamole. PMID- 3491474 TI - [Cardiotocography practice. Case 11]. PMID- 3491475 TI - Morphology, development and behavior of Pneumocystis carinii observed by light microscopy in nude mice. AB - The present paper describes the morphology, development and behavior of Pneumocystis carinii, especially of the trophozoites in the alveoli of conventionally raised BALB/c nude mice, by using phase-contrast microscopy, paraffin sections and semiultrathin sections embedded in JB-4 plastic. Under phase-contrast microscopy, trophozoites were ameboid in external appearance and 2 to 8 micron in diameter. Usually they have one or more lucid spherical vacuoles and one less lucid nucleus in the cytoplasm. Maturation and independence of intracystic bodies were observed in the developing cysts. The intracystic bodies were polymorphic, i.e. spherical, ameboid or elongated. The paraffin sections using the double staining of P. carinii with Gomori's methenamine silver nitrate (GMS) and Giemsa, showed a small number of mature cysts containing intracystic bodies and a large number of trophozoites within the characteristic honeycombed material in the alveolar spaces. In order to investigate the morphology and parasitizing behavior of the trophozoites and cysts as well as the response of alveolar tissue in more detail, semiultrathin sections of 0.5-2 micron thickness were made from the materials embedded in JB-4 plastic and stained with Giemsa. In lightly infected alveoli, some trophozoites and cysts were found to be closely attached to the Type I alveolar epithelial cells. In heavily infected alveoli, almost all alveoli were filled with trophozoites, cysts, debris of the host cells, and occasionally phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils) containing cysts or trophozoites were found. It was noted that the cysts were very few in number (1%) compared with the number of the trophozoites in nude mice in a 0.4 mm2 area of 2 micron thick lung sections. The host tissue of nude mice in this study was not as strongly affected by the organisms as that in cortisone-treated rats and P. carinii pneumonia patients. In the present study the morphology of P. carinii found in nude mice was not different from that found in rats and in man. PMID- 3491476 TI - Demonstration and determination of DNA in Pneumocystis carinii by fluorescence microscopy with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). AB - We have attempted to demonstrate DNA and to measure the amount of nuclear DNA in Pneumocystis carinii by fluorescence microscopy with 4', 6-diamidino-2 phenylindole (DAPI). Due to the high specificity of DAPI for DNA, only nuclei and mitochondria were stained. An uninucleate trophozoite and a mature cyst containing eight intracystic bodies were distinguished easily each other after staining with DAPI. The total amount of nuclear DNA of eight intracystic bodies in a cyst was approximately eight times that of the small type of trophozoite. When nuclei of uninucleate trophozoites were randomly examined, the distribution pattern of nuclear fluorescence intensity showed two peaks, one at 1C and the other at 2C. Moreover, it showed also a gradual transition in DNA values from 1C to 2C, and very few nuclei with polyploid DNA values. The primary advantage of this method with DAPI is that it allows a more efficient evaluation of the life cycle of P. carinii. PMID- 3491477 TI - [Microelectrode study of the cellular reactions of the taste bud in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Microelectrophysiological studies reveal two types of cells in the taste bud of frog which differ by the level of their membrane potential. During vertical implantation of microelectrode through the apical part of the taste bud, the potential difference in the upper layer amounts to 15 mV. Further implantation of the electrode results in a stepwise decrease of the potential difference up to 27 mV. Cells of the deeper layer are located 12-24 micron lower from the apical surface. Stimulation of cells by solutions of chemical substances is accompanied by cell depolarization, its amplitude being proportional to stimulus concentration. The steepness of depolarization depends on the modality of the stimulus, being maximum for salts. The data obtained suggest that cells of the second layer, with a higher resting membrane potential level, are taste ones. PMID- 3491478 TI - [Neurophysiological characteristics of the resting forms of primary sleep and hypobiosis in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Neurophysiological studies have been made on natural resting forms of the primary sleep, wakefulness and hypobiosis in the frog. New method of presentation of the distribution density of EEG signal by a frequency spectrum was used. New data were presented concerning seasonal changes in the frequency parameters of one of the resting forms of the primary sleep, SLS-2. The role of this form of rest in the origin of hypobiosis in the frog Rana temporaria is discussed. Besides, new data were obtained which confirm that the resting form, SLS-3, of the primary sleep is an evolutionary precursor of the intermediate form of the sleep in reptiles and slow wave and activated phase of the sleep in warm-blooded vertebrates. PMID- 3491480 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in sensitization and specific immunotherapy in an experiment. Lymphocyte subpopulations in the specific immunotherapy of microbial allergy and subsequent heterologous pollen sensitization]. AB - The influence exerted by the specific immunotherapy (SIT) of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to staphylococci and subsequent sensitization with tarragon pollen on the level of immunocompetent cells in the blood and lymphoid organs of guinea pigs was studied. On the whole, SIT normalized the characteristics of T- and B-lymphocytes, altered as the result of experimentally induced DH: the content of T-cells in the peripheral blood and the lymph nodes increased, while the number of B-cells in the blood and T gamma-suppressors increased. The subsequent heterologous sensitization with pollen abolished the effect of SIT, inducing the general decrease of the level of T gamma-lymphocytes and enhancing the number of T-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. PMID- 3491479 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in sensitization and specific immunotherapy in an experiment. Lymphocyte subpopulations in sensitization to staphylococci, Artemisia pollen and their combinations]. AB - The distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes in the body of guinea pigs was studied in different groups of the animals. As shown in this study, in delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococci the number of PE- and E-rosette-forming cells increased in the blood, the spleen, and the lymph nodes and decreased in the thymus; the number of EA- and EAC-rosette-forming cells decreased in the bone marrow and the spleen, the number of T gamma-suppressors decreased in the bone marrow and the distant lymph node. Immediate hypersensitivity to tarragon pollen induced the general increase of the content of T- and B-lymphocytes; the number of T gamma-cells decreased in the thymus, the bone marrow, and the lymph nodes and increased in the spleen. The characteristic features of combined microbial pollen sensitization were the high content of B-cells in all lymphoid organs (except the thymus), a low level of T-lymphocytes in the blood and the peripheral lymphoid organs, the decreased number of T gamma-cells in most of the immunogenetic organs. PMID- 3491481 TI - [Cellular immunity factors of tick-borne typhus patients in northern Asia]. AB - In patients with North Asian tick-borne typhus fever the deficiency of the T system of immunity, most pronounced in the acute period of the disease, is observed, which is manifested by low values of lymphocyte blast-transformation and rosette-formation. A decrease in the number of active E-rosette-forming cells depends on the severity of the disease. The shifts in the T-system of immunity, appearing in patients with North Asian tick-borne typhus fever, are compensated for comparatively quickly, the normalization of the functional activity of T lymphocytes occurring sooner than the restoration of their number. The specific dynamics of the characteristics of cell-mediated immunity in patients with North Asian tick-borne typhus fever is accompanied by a comparatively mild course of the disease and its favorable outcome. PMID- 3491483 TI - [Establishment and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (TA75 and TA16) reactive with activated human T cells]. PMID- 3491482 TI - Immunity in Graves' disease at diagnosis: correlation between activated T cells and humoral immune factors. AB - Activated T cells, T-cell subsets, thyrotropin receptor antibodies and immune complexes were evaluated in 31 patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease. Activated T cells were assayed by monoclonal antibodies against early (4F2) and late activation surface lymphocyte antigens (different epitopes of class II antigens). In comparison with the normal population, Graves' patients showed a significant decrease in the suppressor cytotoxic T-cell subset. Significant increases of 4F2-positive cells (70% of patients studied), class II antigen positive cells (65%), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (93%), Clq-immune complexeses (44%) and conglutinin-immune complexes (37%) were observed. A significant inverse correlation between the increase in 4F2-positive cells and thyrotropin receptor antibody values was also observed. Lymphocytes from Graves' patients were cultured in the presence of thyrotropin receptor antibody-positive or -negative sera, with or without mitogen stimulation. Thyrotropin receptor antibodies were shown not to interfere with the expression of activation antigens in cultured cells. The different patterns of humoral and cellular immune phenomena may indicate the existence of either different stages of Graves' disease or a heterogeneity of the immunopathogenesis in different patients. PMID- 3491485 TI - [T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia--clinical, cytological, and histopathological observation of a case]. PMID- 3491484 TI - [Characterization of KOPB-26 established from the peripheral blood of a patient with non-Burkitt's type B-ALL]. PMID- 3491487 TI - Mononuclear cell subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 3491489 TI - [Evaluation of vestibular compensation: a comparison between post-urographic and nystagmographic methods]. PMID- 3491486 TI - Carbamazepine effects on mononuclear blood cells in epileptic patients. AB - Immunological effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) were examined by studying 10 previously untreated epileptic patients before and during CBZ therapy. The mean number of leukocytes were reduced from 7020/mm3 to 5500/mm3, whereas no significant changes in the proportion of active and total T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, Fc gamma receptor- and C3b receptor-positive cells, and phagocytizing cells were observed in peripheral blood. Mononuclear blood cells were stimulated to the same extent before and during CBZ treatment by the mitogens PHA, ConA and PWM. Accordingly, the mild IgA and IgM reducing effect of CBZ previously reported was not paralleled by changes in the mononuclear blood cells as examined in this study. PMID- 3491488 TI - Influence of voluntary ocular deviation on vestibular nystagmus. AB - We examined the influence of voluntary gaze deviation on per-rotary vestibular nystagmus during trapezoidal velocity profiles. Gaze deviation in the direction of the fast-phase component of nystagmus significantly increased slow-phase amplitude, fast-phase amplitude and slow-phase velocity; gaze deviation in the direction of the slow phase marginally decreased these three properties. Schlagfeld deviation and beat frequency were unaffected by per-rotary ocular deviation in either direction. The observed changes in per-rotary eye movements are consistent with post-rotary observations first described by Alexander which later became known as "Alexander's Law". PMID- 3491491 TI - Effect of transcutaneous electrostimulation on the cell composition of skin exudate. AB - Changes were analysed in the cell composition of skin exudate induced with electrostimulation. The experiments were carried out in a group of healthy young males. In all subjects scarification of forearm skin was carried out three times at intervals of 3 days. During 12 hours after scarification the composition of cells in the exudate was studied by means of the Rebuck test. After the second and third scarification the skin was stimulated with alternating current. It was found that electrostimulation with current of individually selected parameters increased the relative number of neutrophil granulocytes in skin exudate. PMID- 3491492 TI - Malate-aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle enzyme levels in human skeletal muscle: methodological considerations and effect of endurance training. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the levels of the malate aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle enzymes in human skeletal muscle are affected by endurance training. The approach used was to compare six untrained and six endurance-trained subjects as well as through performing a longitudinal study of endurance training on eight untrained subjects. Biopsy samples were obtained from the lateral part of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The trained muscles were characterized by higher levels of oxidative enzymes (55%) as well as enhanced capillary supply (30%). In both the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the malate-aspartate shuttle enzyme levels were about 50% higher in the trained state (cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase 36%, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 46%, cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase 52% and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase 48%). Contrary to this, the alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle enzyme levels did not differ significantly (cytoplasmic and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: 10 and -4%, respectively). The activity ratios of the enzymes involved in respective shuttle did not differ significantly between the untrained and endurance-trained states. It is concluded that endurance training may induce increased levels of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes in human skeletal muscle while the levels of the alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle enzymes are not affected. The study also includes results from several methodological experiments. PMID- 3491490 TI - Bacteria are polyclonal T-dependent stimulants of immunoglobulin formation. AB - Various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested for their ability to induce antibody secretion in human blood cell cultures. Total and specific immunoglobulin levels in the culture supernatants were quantitated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). All the twelve strains used stimulated IgM and IgG secretion in adult mononuclear cell cultures. With the four strains tested, also umbilical cord blood cells produced IgM. Specific antibodies directed against two bacteria were sought in adult and newborn cell culture but none were found. Bacterium-induced antibody synthesis thus seemed to be polyclonal. Experiments with purified T and B lymphocytes showed that bacterium driven antibody formation was T-cell dependent. PMID- 3491494 TI - Exercise performance in patients with impaired left ventricular function following aorto coronary bypass. AB - We studied 40 patients with preoperative ejection fraction (EF) of 0.35 or less who underwent aortocoronary bypass. An average of 3.1 saphenous vein grafts per patient were inserted and revascularization was considered complete in 33 (82%) of the subjects in the group. Mean follow-up period was 29 months (range 12-65 months). Early mortality was 5% (2 patients) and there were 7 late deaths (3 cardiac and 4 non-cardiac). The 5-year cardiac actuarial survival rate was 74 +/- 13% (+/- SEM). Angina has improved in 29 (94%) of the 31 long-term survivors with 23 (74%) being totally asymptomatic. Twenty-two of the long-term survivors performed an exercise test at the end of their follow-up period. These tests revealed that bypass surgery in such patients results in significantly enhanced myocardial oxygen consumption with concomitant increase in effort level and duration. The exercise ability is probably directly related to the degree of revascularization. PMID- 3491493 TI - Neurinomas of the trigeminal nerve. AB - Neurinomas of the trigeminal nerve are rare. Based on an analysis of the published cases and on six additional cases of our own classification into three types is proposed: Type I: neurinoma of the roots in the posterior fossa, Type II: neurinoma of the Gasserian ganglion, Type III: neurinoma of the trigeminal branches. This classification allows a better adaptation of the surgical procedure to the individual case. The trigeminal nerve originates from a sensory root and a motor root which emerge from the pons and gain the middle cranial fossa floor over the apex of the petrousrigde before forming the Gasserian ganglion. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve originate at the Gasserian ganglion. Neurinomas of this nerve are relatively rare, as there are only 183 published cases. A study of the literature reveals that their incidence among brain tumours is from 0.2 to 0.4% according to the authors. Based on the published material and six personal cases and also on the anatomical, clinical and neuroradiological findings three major types of neurinomas of the trigeminal nerve can be distinguished according to their origin: neurinomas developed in the posterior fossa (type I) on the nerve roots, neurinomas of the Gasserian ganglion (type II) developed in the temporal fossa and neurinomas of the branches of the trigeminal nerve (type III). Transitional forms between the various types are possible and express special conditions of development. Each of these topographical forms has a specific clinical and radiological picture and each requires specific surgical treatment. This will be demonstrated by analysing our own six cases and the cases reported in the literature. PMID- 3491495 TI - [The significance, incidence, detection and outpatient care of children and adolescents with nephropathies by the pediatrician and physician for adolescents]. PMID- 3491496 TI - [Current status of medical care in a technical school with particular reference to the gynecology specialty]. PMID- 3491497 TI - Comparison of CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of bronchial disease. AB - CT was compared to fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a large series of patients to study the value of CT for visualizing bronchial disease. CT scans were available for review in 64 cases in which focal airway disease was identified with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and in 38 patients in whom the airways appeared normal at bronchoscopy. CT was positive in 59 of 64 cases in which lesions were detected endoscopically. If the results are analyzed according to the extent of involvement of individual bronchi, CT successfully identified 88 (90%) of 98 lesions. CT correctly excluded disease in 35 (92%) of 38 cases that were subsequently verified to be normal by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In no case was the diagnosis of malignancy missed by CT. While extremely accurate in detecting focal lesions, CT was inaccurate in predicting whether a given abnormality was endobronchial, submucosal, or extrinsic (peribronchial). In three cases CT failed to detect submucosal extension into the left mainstream bronchus, which has important implications concerning the value of CT in staging bronchial malignancy. It is concluded that CT is helpful when bronchoscopy is contraindicated or refused. CT may also be used in selected cases when there is low clinical suspicion of endobronchial disease and as a complementary procedure to fiberoptic bronchoscopy for outlining the exact location of major mediastinal and hilar vessels, lymph nodes, and tumor in relation to adjacent airways. PMID- 3491498 TI - Radiation dose in radiography, CT, and arthrography of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Thermoluminescent dosimetry studies were performed on a Rando Humanoid head phantom to compare radiation dosages used in temporomandibular joint examinations. Studies included transaxial and direct sagittal high-resolution CT, reduced milliamperage dynamic CT, tomoarthrography, pluridirectional and linear tomography, pantomography, transcranial plain films, and fluoroscopy. Radiation doses were determined for the brain, lens, pituitary gland, condylar marrow, and thyroid gland. Condylar marrow received doses of 64 and 52 mGy, respectively, for the GE 9800 and 8800 high-resolution scans; 21 and 17 mGy, respectively, for the dynamically sequenced scans; and 26 mGy for the GE 9800 direct sagittal sections. Tomoarthrography yielded 31 mGy and fluoroscopy 12 mGy. Other lower doses showed 5 mGy for polytomography, 3 mGy for ipsilateral joint linear tomography, 1.9 mGy for the GE 9800 slow ScoutView, 1.8 mGy for xeroradiography, 0.9 mGy for contralateral joint linear tomography, 0.3-0.4 mGy for transcranial plain films and pantomography, and 0.2 mGy for the GE 8800 ScoutView. The estimated error in this study was calculated to be +/- 15%. On a relative scale, the radiation doses from high-resolution CT and tomoarthrography are high, dynamic CT yields a medium dose, and all other tomographic and plain-film techniques yield low doses. PMID- 3491500 TI - Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: diagnosis with 99mTc-labeled red cells and single photon emission CT. AB - During the performance of high-resolution real-time abdominal sonography, small echogenic hepatic masses are frequently discovered. A second imaging test to confirm the suspected diagnosis of hemangioma is often required. Planar labeled red-cell imaging will often not detect hemangiomas smaller than 3 cm. We studied 14 patients with labeled red-cell scintigraphy and single-photon emission CT (SPECT). Six hemangiomas were diagnosed by SPECT that would have been missed by planar imaging alone. All six were smaller than 2.5 cm. With the addition of SPECT, labeled red-cell scintigraphy has specificity and sensitivity that make it at least as reliable as dynamic CT for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic cavernous hemangioma. PMID- 3491499 TI - Scintigraphic diagnosis of sacral fractures. AB - The H- or butterfly-pattern of uptake in the sacrum on Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy is typical of fractures of the body of the sacrum that involve the sacral alae. This report describes four patients with a focal linear or curvilinear pattern of uptake in sacral fractures without alae involvement. This pattern differs from that associated with metastases in the sacrum, which typically has a random pattern. Recognition of this scintigraphic linear dot pattern of uptake in horizontal fractures in the inferior body of the sacrum is useful for detecting fractures without alae involvement that are not readily apparent on radiographs. PMID- 3491501 TI - CT evaluation of esophageal varices. AB - CT findings in 20 consecutive patients with proven esophageal varices are reviewed and analyzed. In 85% of patients, abnormalities were seen involving the esophageal wall and/or periesophageal region. In 65%, findings specific to varices were present: thickening of esophageal wall, a scalloped contour, and intraluminal protrusions enhancing after a contrast bolus injection. These findings were seen alone or in association with periesophageal varices, which were seen in 45% of patients; evidence of portal hypertension with varices in the lesser omentum was present in 95%. CT has a sensitivity similar to barium esophagram but evaluates better the presence and extent of periesophageal varices and portal hypertension. Normal CT does not rule out esophageal varices because small varices may escape detection, particularly in scans done without a contrast bolus injection. PMID- 3491502 TI - Radiolucency in the common bile duct simulating a gallstone. PMID- 3491503 TI - CT diagnosis of occult incisional hernias. AB - CT of the abdomen was performed on 14 adult patients 2-25 months after laparotomy in order to evaluate intraabdominal processes. Clinically unsuspected incisional hernias were detected in all cases. These herniations were not disclosed by previous physical examination because of the patients' obesity, abdominal pain, distension, or various other factors. However, CT scans showed the exact size, location, and content of each incisional hernia. The evaluation of postsurgical abdomen by CT should include a careful assessment of previous laparotomy sites in search of occult incisional hernias that may be the source of the patient's abdominal symptoms. PMID- 3491504 TI - Voice change after barium enema: a clinical sign of extraperitoneal colon perforation. PMID- 3491505 TI - Symptomatic congenital ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus. PMID- 3491506 TI - Pneumoretroperitoneum secondary to hydrogen peroxide wound irrigations. PMID- 3491507 TI - CT of children's feet: an immobilization technique. PMID- 3491508 TI - Normalized pediatric organ-absorbed doses from CT examinations. AB - Absorbed doses to the bone marrow, gonads, thyroid, eyes, breast, and skin from CT examinations of the head, chest, abdomen, and torso were measured in a phantom mimicking an average 6-year-old child. The doses were normalized to the CT dose index measured at the central position of a standardized cylindrical phantom, to allow approximation of organ-absorbed doses for similar scanners for which the CT dose index has been measured. Estimating organ-absorbed doses associated with CT examinations of children is necessary to evaluate the relative risks of carcinogenesis associated with radiation exposure of a particular organ. The risks from a particular CT examination depends on the patient's age because the geometric configuration of the organs (e.g., marrow distribution) changes over time and will, therefore, affect the scatter dose to the organs. PMID- 3491509 TI - Complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. AB - Of 582 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy, 4% had complications. The most common complications were fever (23%) and bleeding necessitating transfusion (12%). Extravasation was seen in 7% of patients and transient ureteral obstruction in 6%. Other complications included pneumothorax or hydrothorax, pneumonia/atelectasis, paralytic ileus, nephrostomy-tube dislodgment or urine drainage from the flank lasting more than 1 week, significant infection, urinoma formation, renal pelvic laceration, ureteral avulsion, ureteropelvic or ureteral stricture, bowel injury, or escape of stone fragments into the retroperitoneum. Seven patients (1%) required immediate surgery: four to repair renal pelvic lacerations, one to repair a ureteral avulsion, and two to control bleeding after nephrostomy-tube removal when embolization failed. Four patients required delayed surgery for ureteral or ureteropelvic junction strictures, which may have been caused by a tissue reaction to the stones rather than by the procedure itself. There were two deaths--one from respiratory failure in a patient with severe interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and chronic renal failure and the other from myocardial infarction in an obese diabetic patient with hypertension. PMID- 3491510 TI - Percutaneous balloon dilatation of ureteral strictures. AB - Percutaneous balloon dilatation of ureteral strictures has not gained widespread acceptance, despite proven success with the techniques for dilating stenotic blood vessels. Thirty-one ureteral strictures (in 30 patients) that were dilated during a 42-month period were reviewed to assess the results and to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from the procedure. Eighteen (58%) of 31 strictures were successfully dilated and remained patent for at least 6 months. Thirteen (42%) of 31 strictures resulted in failed patency either immediately (two patients) or within 3 months (seven patients), 6 months (three patients), or 21 months (one patient). Fourteen (64%) of 22 strictures less than 7 months of age were successfully dilated. All dilations for strictures more than 7 months of age failed. Four strictures were of unknown age. Nine (69%) of 13 strictures located in the proximal or midureter remained patent, and three (60%) of five dilations at a ureteroileal anastomosis were successful. Neither of two strictures at a ureterocolic anastomosis was treated successfully. We conclude that percutaneous balloon dilatation is an effective treatment of ureteral strictures in some patients, especially when the strictures are less than 7 months of age. PMID- 3491511 TI - Monooctanoin infusion and stone removal through the transparenchymal tract: use in 17 patients. AB - Seventeen patients underwent monooctanoin infusion and biliary stone removal through the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract. In the first five patients, monooctanoin was infused until the stone(s) became smaller or disappeared; basket extraction was not attempted until this reduction was observed. An average of 22 hospital days was required for the procedure. In the next 12 patients, basket extraction was attempted after as few as 3 days of infusion, without waiting for a reduction in stone size. After infusion, these stones became extremely friable, fragmented easily, and were atraumatically removed through the fresh liver tract. The average hospital stay for these patients was 7 days, with no complications. The ability of monooctanoin to soften some stones allows an earlier, more aggressive approach to stone removal through the transparenchymal tract without risk of soft-tissue laceration; use of the infusion significantly decreases the hospital stay. PMID- 3491512 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy for endopyelotomy. AB - Percutaneous full-thickness incision and stenting of the ureteropelvic junction (endopyelotomy) relieved obstruction in 33 (87%) of 38 patients treated over a 2 year period. Proper placement of the percutaneous nephrostomy tract through a posterior middle calyx and of a guidewire across the ureteropelvic junction is necessary in order to gain access to the narrowed area with a rigid cutting instrument. Except in patients with long lesions, high insertion of the ureter, or an enormously redundant renal pelvis, endopyelotomy gives excellent results with less morbidity and a shorter recovery time than open pyeloplasty. PMID- 3491513 TI - Dual-energy digital radiographic quantification of calcium in simulated pulmonary nodules. AB - The presence or absence of calcium in solitary pulmonary nodules may indicate whether a nodule is benign or malignant. Because current techniques for measuring the amount of calcium in these nodules are unsatisfactory, a study was carried out to assess the capability of dual-energy digital chest radiography to identify and quantify the calcium content of simulated pulmonary nodules of known calcium content. Measurements were carried out on 280 nodules of various sizes and calcium content that were placed within the lungs of a frozen human-chest phantom. A new calcium quantification technique that uses a parallelogram was developed to eliminate the problem of nodule superimposition over ribs. Nodules containing more than 35 mg of calcium per square centimeter (i.e., 7, 30, 60, and 110 mg of calcium for spherical nodules 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm in diameter) were measured with a high degree of accuracy and reasonable precision. Dual energy digital radiography is a simple and accurate method of measuring the calcium content of solitary pulmonary nodules in humans. PMID- 3491515 TI - Physiology of the CSF flow-void sign: modification by cardiac gating. AB - Low-intensity signal seen within areas of narrowing within the ventricular system has been termed the CSF flow-void sign. This decreased signal is related to CSF flow and turbulence. Seven normal volunteers were examined, and the changes that occurred in the appearance of the CFVS were noted when data acquisition was modified by cardiac gating. Flow-void patterns within the internal cerebral veins and basilar artery were also examined. The results of this study confirm that CSF flow is related to cardiac systole and diastole. An increase in hypointensity is seen in the areas of the aqueduct of Sylvius and the foramen of Magendie during the time at which the systemic arterial pulse wave is transmitted into the brain. The physiology of this observation is related either to a direct hydraulic effect of the venous system on the CSF or to filling and expansion of the thin-walled cerebral venous system. Hypointensity or an increase in the width of the basilar artery and internal cerebral veins during systolic data acquisition was also noted. The mechanism of this phenomenon is related to propagation of the systemic arterial pulse wave. PMID- 3491514 TI - The MR appearance of CSF flow in patients with ventriculomegaly. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the MR imaging appearance of mobile CSF in the ventricular system in patients with ventriculomegaly caused by brain atrophy and extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus. Pulsatile CSF often has decreased intensity relative to less mobile areas of CSF, particularly on T2 weighted scans. At times, the flow-related signal dropout causes striking heterogeneity in the appearance of CSF. This has been termed the CSF flow-void sign (CFVS) and is most likely caused by spin-phase shifts and time-of-flight effects created as a result of CSF turbulence and increased velocity of CSF pulsatile flow. The effect is most pronounced in areas where a larger volume of CSF moves through a small channel or foramen, such as the aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Magendie. The scans of 40 patients with ventriculomegaly caused by brain atrophy or extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus were reviewed for the presence of the CFVS. All patients had the CFVS in the aqueduct of Sylvius on T2 weighted spin-echo sequences. The sign was present in the fourth ventricle in 96%, in the third ventricle in 70%, in the foramen of Magendie in 65-77%, and in the foramina of Monro in 33%. The sign was more pronounced in patients with larger ventricles but could not be used to differentiate patients with brain atrophy from those with extraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus. PMID- 3491517 TI - High tech days--low tech reports. PMID- 3491516 TI - Anomalous drainage of the common bile duct: demonstration of hepatobiliary imaging. PMID- 3491518 TI - Is fine-needle biopsy of liver hemangioma hazardous? PMID- 3491519 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung in AIDS: radiologic-pathologic analysis. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS involves the lung more often than it does in the African form of the neoplasm. This article describes the radiographic and histologic features in nine cases of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma, uncomplicated by infection, and reviews the radiographic descriptions of 22 similar cases from the literature. Pulmonary parenchymal disease in reported cases and in this series was usually diffuse. Three cases had localized disease. In one of these cases, the localized disease was segmental while in the other two cases, the disease involved a single entire lobe. Hilar adenopathy was noted in three of 22 cases in the literature and in three of nine cases in this series. Pleural effusion was noted in eight of 22 cases in the literature and in three of the nine cases in the current series. Histologic examination of the lung from patients whose radiographs showed predominantly nodular lesions revealed a prevalence of nodules composed of prominent spindle cells with atypical mitotic figures in the nuclei. However, patients having a linear pattern on radiographs showed predominantly thickened interstitium characterized by invasive angiomatous proliferation of irregular slitlike vessels with atypical endothelial cells. The results of this study indicate that in AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma of the lungs, uncomplicated by infection, two distinctive radiographic appearances of the lesions occur and that these two apparently different lesions can be explained by two types of histologic findings that correspond well with the radiographic features. PMID- 3491520 TI - Dystrophic calcification in carcinoma of the lung: demonstration by CT. PMID- 3491521 TI - Extension of ascites into the chest with hiatal hernia: visualization on CT. PMID- 3491522 TI - Mammographic detection of recurrent cancer in the irradiated breast. AB - Recurrence of cancer in the irradiated breast is an uncommon but potentially curable problem. Posttreatment mammograms were studied in 45 patients who had biopsies of an irradiated breast for suspected local recurrence to evaluate the usefulness of mammography in detecting such recurrences. Of 23 biopsy-proven recurrences, eight (35%) were detected by mammography only, nine (39%) were detected by physical examination only, and six (26%) were detected by both. Mammographic findings in recurrent malignancy included microcalcifications in six, microcalcifications associated with a mass in four, soft-tissue masses in three, and inflammatory changes in one. The results show that mammographic follow up is complementary to physical examination in the detection of local recurrence in women who have undergone radiation therapy for early breast cancer. PMID- 3491523 TI - MR imaging of the prostate gland: normal anatomy. AB - MR images of the male pelvis in 55 subjects were analyzed retrospectively for depiction of the zonal anatomy of the prostate gland as related to different repetition (TR) and echo (TE) times, slice thickness, plane of imaging, chronologic age of the patient, and different magnetic field strengths. With imagers operating at 0.35 and 1.5 T, T2-based tissue-contrast images were needed for the demonstration of the internal anatomy of the prostate gland. The display of zonal anatomy was improved when continuous 0.5-cm slices were used. Evaluating sequential sections, the peripheral, central, and transition zones could be differentiated. The peripheral zone showed higher signal intensity than either the central or transition zone and was discerned in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. The central zone was of low signal intensity and was well displayed in the coronal and sagittal planes. The central zone was seen in 31 of the 32 young men (aged 25-35 years) but in only eight of the 23 older men (aged 40 years and older). The transition zone had intrinsic MR parameters similar to the central zone, and the two could be distinguished from each other only by the knowledge of their respective anatomic location. The low-intensity transition zone blended with the periurethral glands and the preprostatic sphincter. The transition zone was of homogeneous low signal intensity in young men but varied in size and signal intensity in older men. Such a detailed display of the prostate zonal anatomy offers a unique potential for the evaluation of prostatic physiology and disease. PMID- 3491524 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma: CT staging of 100 tumors. AB - The preoperative CT scans of 100 pathologically proven renal adenocarcinomas were retrospectively reviewed to assess the accuracy of CT for staging the tumor. Regardless of tumor stage, perinephric extension was assessed with a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 98%. The sensitivity of CT in detecting venous invasion (either venous enlargement or thrombus) was 78%, with a specificity of 96%. For detection of metastatic adenopathy, CT had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 88%. Adjacent organ invasion was correctly identified in 60% of patients, with a specificity of 100%. Overall, CT correctly staged 91% of patients. If errors associated with perinephric invasion were excluded, CT staging accuracy improved to 96%. CT is useful in staging renal adenocarcinoma. If the renal vein is not well seen, angiography or sonography may be necessary to determine the presence of venous tumor extension. PMID- 3491526 TI - MR imaging of the normal shoulder: anatomic correlation. AB - The complex anatomy and the requirement to image in the peripheral magnetic field have made the shoulder difficult to examine with MR. However, the use of high resolution scanning techniques and specialized surface coils has improved the quality of MR images obtained. Seventy-five scans of the shoulders of normal volunteers were correlated with multiplanar cryomicrosections of six cadaver shoulders to study the MR appearance of normal structures. MR was shown to provide excellent depiction of shoulder anatomy. PMID- 3491525 TI - MR imaging of the supraclavicular region: normal anatomy. PMID- 3491527 TI - CT of interstitial lung disease: a diagnostic approach. AB - Weibel divided the pulmonary interstitium into three compartments: axial, parenchymal, and peripheral. Heitzman and others have shown that certain interstitial diseases selectively involve these compartments. A model is proposed of the CT appearances in interstitial lung disease based on Weibel's divisions. To assess the validity of this model, the distribution of disease was studied in 44 patients with proven interstitial lung disease. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis (n = 5), lymphoma (n = 2), and sarcoid in two of three patients typically involved the axial compartment. The middle (or parenchymal) compartment was abnormal in advanced stages of many interstitial diseases, particularly granulomatous diseases and drug toxicity (n = 2) in this series, but diffuse changes were seen early in extrinsic allergic alveolitis (n = 4). The peripheral compartment was predominantly affected in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 9), rheumatoid lung (n = 3), and scleroderma (n = 1). Prominent nodularity was a feature of lymphangitic carcinomatosis and of the granulomatous diseases, silicosis and sarcoid. The presence or absence of nodules coupled with CT demonstration of differential involvement of the three interstitial compartments is useful in limiting diagnostic possibilities in interstitial disease. By more accurately showing disease distribution, a more reasonable approach to lung biopsy options may be developed. PMID- 3491528 TI - The posterior vertebral body line: importance in the detection of burst fractures. AB - A review of the lateral radiographs and CT studies of 114 patients with burst fractures, 46 patients with combined injuries in whom bursting was a major component, and 82 patients with simple anterior compression fractures was performed to evaluate the integrity of the posterior vertebral body margin. This structure normally produces a single or bifid vertical line on the lateral radiograph. Disruption, displacement, or rotation of this line was found in all 114 patients with "pure" burst fractures. These abnormalities were also present in 36 of the 46 patients with combined burst injuries. In all patients with simple compression fracture, flexion, distraction or dislocation, and extension injuries, the line was normal. CT studies showed these abnormalities to be the result of retropulsion of one or more bone fragments from the posterior margin of the vertebral body. Disruptive abnormalities of the posterior vertebral body line are reliable plain-film signs that a burst fracture has occurred and that compromise of the vertebral canal and subarachnoid space is present. PMID- 3491529 TI - Spinal deformities and pseudofractures. AB - Nine children with spinal deformities had CT examinations after sustaining blunt abdominal trauma. Partial-volume averaging of two lumbar vertebrae suggested a spinal fracture in four children. All four pseudofractures were oriented in a plane perpendicular to the deformity. In two children the spinal deformity could be recognized easily on the scout view. In the other two, the scout view was obtained in a plane different from that of the curvature and concealed the vertebral deformity. Scoliosis resulted in pseudo-fractures running from front to back of the vertebral body, whereas kyphosis resulted in pseudofractures seen in the coronal plane. The pseudofractures lacked associated soft-tissue swelling and had poorly defined, irregular borders that were widely separated by disk material. PMID- 3491530 TI - Prosthetic fit in below-knee amputation: evaluation with xeroradiography. PMID- 3491531 TI - Myocardial perfusion changes following 1 year of exercise training assessed by thallium-201 circumferential count profiles. AB - The effect of exercise training on myocardial perfusion was assessed using initial and 1-year thallium-201 (Tl-201) exercise studies in 56 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects had been randomized into a trained group participating in supervised exercise three times per week and a control group. Indices (non-dimensional units) based on computer-analyzed circumferential count profile from nine regions of the heart, assessed in three projections, were used to eliminate observer bias and more accurately quantitate Tl-201 distribution and 4-hour washout. There was serial improvement of the global distribution count profiles in 21 of 27 (77.8%) of the trained and in 9 of 29 (31.0%) of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). The mean interval change in global initial distribution over the year period was 5 +/- 13 (mean +/- SD) in the trained and -6 +/- 14 in the control groups (p less than 0.003). The mean initial distribution of the trained group had improvement in all nine regions (significant in three), while the control group showed mean improvement in only one of nine regions. Additionally, the trained group showed improvement in the mean washout in five of nine regions (significant in three), while no mean regional washout improvement occurred in the control group. Thus, in this group of patients with stable CAD, exercise training resulted in apparently improved cardiac perfusion evidenced by enhance Tl-201 uptake and washout. PMID- 3491532 TI - Clinically successful long-term laser coronary recanalization. PMID- 3491533 TI - Relationships between usual nutrient intake and bone-mineral content of women 35 65 years of age: longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis. AB - In a 4-yr clinical trial, effect on single-photon absorptiometric measurements of arm bones of usual intakes of energy and 14 nutrients plus vitamin-mineral supplements was studied in 99 women, aged 35-65, randomly assigned to placebo (NS) or calcium-supplemented (1.5 g)(S) groups. Cross-sectional analysis of initial bone measurements showed vitamin C (r = 0.313, p less than 0.05) and niacin (r = 0.353, p less than 0.01) correlated with ulna in postmenopausal subjects (n = 67). Longitudinal analysis of bone-change rates of postmenopausal subjects (NS + S) showed higher calcium intakes associated with lower loss rates of humerus bone-mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.360, p less than 0.01). In postmenopausal NS but not S subjects, energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and folate correlate significantly with change in radius BMC; high levels of intake correlated with slower loss (p less than 0.05). Several nutrients besides calcium are related to bone loss in women. PMID- 3491535 TI - The immunohistology of the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL). AB - The authors employed a large panel of monoclonal antibodies to characterize and quantitate lymphoid subpopulations within the paracortex, mantle, and germinal centers of frozen sections of lymph nodes from 18 patients with the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) syndrome and five heterosexual controls. The authors' data indicate that Leu-3+ phenotypic T-helper cells (TH) are reduced within all three compartments, while T-cytotoxic-suppressor cells (Tcs) are increased. Using the antibody 9.3, which allows dissection of the Leu-2+ Tcs subset into 9.3+ cytotoxic cells (Tc) and 9.3- suppressor cells (Ts), the authors found that the Ts subset is increased in the lymph nodes of these patients. In contrast to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, paracortical total T-cells and Leu-8+ cells appear to be preserved in patients with PGL. Study of TH and Tcs subpopulations in peripheral blood in 12 of these patients revealed inverted ratios (mean, 0.59), which did not correlate with those seen in the lymph nodes. Although the paracortical TH/Tcs ratios were significantly reduced (mean, 1.44) they were not inverted, in contrast to some other reported series. In aggregate, these data suggest that, relative to AIDS, there is preservation of the paracortical T-cell microenvironment in PGL. Clinically, this correlates with more intact cell-mediated immunity and the absence of opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma in this patient group. Follicle lysis was present in 11 patients. Increased HLA-DR+ paracortical cells, aggregates of Leu-6+ dendritic cells, decreased TAC+ cells, increased OKT-10+ plasma cells, and increased interstitial immunoglobulin were among the other features observed in these patients. PMID- 3491534 TI - Tumor localization of the metabolically trapped radiolabeled substrates 2-deoxy-D glucose and aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid in human melanoma heterotransplants. AB - Analysis of the accumulation of metabolically trapped radiolabeled substrates in normal and malignant tissues may be useful for studying biochemical processes in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). If labeled with the short-lived, positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 (T1/2 = 20.4 min), the glucose analog, 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), and the synthetic amino acid, aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC), may be useful for studying glucose utilization and amino acid transport in vivo. This study evaluated the biodistribution of the C-14 labeled analogues of these compounds in nude mice bearing human malignant melanoma heterotransplants. The data suggest that both 2-DG and ACPC accumulate in tumor tissue within 45 min. PMID- 3491536 TI - Antibody response to measles vaccine with DTPP. PMID- 3491538 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: clinical and laboratory features with reference to hospital-acquired cases. AB - A review of a large secondary and tertiary care hospital's experience with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) over 7 yr revealed that in most cases this complication emerges after the patient is admitted to the hospital. Compared with a hospitalized control group, SBP patients were more likely to have gastrointestinal bleeding and renal failure and to require invasive procedures or therapies. Thus, hospitalized cirrhotics with ascites who develop SBP are more debilitated before development of SBP. The clinical signs and symptoms of this disorder are diverse; simple tests of ascitic fluid properties (white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear cell count, and lactate dehydrogenase) correlate closely with positive cultures, affording the clinician a chance to make an early presumptive diagnosis. Recognition of nosocomial SBP has important implications for the management of hospitalized cirrhotic patients. Further study is needed to determine if invasive procedures actually cause some cases of SBP or if the apparent association is simply due to identification of a sicker, more debilitated group of patients. PMID- 3491537 TI - Clinical signs and laboratory tests in the differential diagnosis of arthritis in children. AB - To develop a scheme for primary diagnosis, we analyzed the clinical findings and laboratory test results in 278 children with arthritis by using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. An elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) value, a temperature above 38.5 degrees C, and a high white blood cell count were independent predictors for the diagnosis of septic joint infection in patients with acute monoarthritis. The presence of either of the first two signs had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87% for septic arthritis. Sixty-seven percent of all patients with arthritis were cured within two weeks from the onset of joint symptoms. In patients whose disease duration exceeded two weeks, a low CRP value, the absence of fever, and an elevated IgG value were independent predictors for the diagnosis of juvenile arthritis. Antinuclear antibodies had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 25% for juvenile arthritis or other connective tissue diseases. We recommend that laboratory tests indicated for all children with joint symptoms include determinations of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the CRP value, both total and differential leukocyte counts, urinalysis, and a bacterial culture of a throat smear. When arthritis is prolonged or when enteroarthritis is suspected, tests for antinuclear antibodies and serum immunoglobulins, serologic tests for Yersinia and Salmonella, and stool bacterial cultures should be included. PMID- 3491540 TI - Heterogeneity in type IIB von Willebrand disease: two unrelated cases with no family history and mild abnormalities of ristocetin-induced interaction between von Willebrand factor and platelets. AB - Two patients from two separate families were diagnosed as having type IIB von Willebrand disease, because they had lifelong bleeding tendencies, prolonged bleeding times, no large von Willebrand factor multimers, and low levels of ristocetin cofactor in plasma with heightened ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. There was no history of bleeding, and no laboratory abnormalities were found in the parents and sibship of either propositi, in contrast with the autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance usually observed in type IIB von Willebrand disease. Abnormalities of ristocetin-induced von Willebrand factor platelet interactions were less severe than in a patient from a previously reported family with type IIB von Willebrand disease studied in parallel. The peculiar features of these cases provide additional evidence of the existence of heterogeneity within this variant. PMID- 3491539 TI - Bouveret's syndrome presenting as upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - A unique case of hematemesis is presented. The cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was a pyloroduodenal ulcer caused by erosion of a 5-cm gallstone impacted in the duodenal bulb. On review of the world literature of Bouveret's syndrome, this is the first case in which a preoperative diagnosis was well established and the fourth such case in which a successful surgical outcome was obtained. PMID- 3491542 TI - Piroxicam in recent epidemiologic studies. AB - Data from nine epidemiologic studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a class are much better tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract than is aspirin, and that piroxicam, specifically, is at least as well tolerated as other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 3491541 TI - Piroxicam and gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A high number of spontaneous reports of gastrointestinal bleeding were associated with the use of piroxicam in Norwegian patients from 1982 to 1983. However, retrospective case studies at four Norwegian hospitals showed that the majority of these cases were actually associated with the use of aspirin. The remainder of the cases were divided evenly among the four other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including piroxicam, then available in Norway. To further investigate the relationship between piroxicam and gastrointestinal bleeding, a 14-month prospective case study was undertaken of all patients hospitalized in Tromso, Norway, for hematemesis, melena, or perforation. Of the 43 patients admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding during the study period, 21 had used only aspirin or aspirin-like drugs. Of the 22 patients who had taken the other four NSAIDs the following were true: the cases of gastrointestinal adverse effects were equally distributed among all the NSAIDs; a significant number of patients had taken aspirin or steroids concomitantly with the NSAIDs; and a large number of the patients had previously documented ulcers or serious dyspeptic symptoms. On the basis of this experience, it can be concluded that side effects are associated with the use of all NSAIDs and that the number associated with piroxicam is not significantly different from that associated with other NSAIDs. PMID- 3491543 TI - Chronic Propionibacterium endophthalmitis after extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. AB - We studied six cases of chronic, indolent intraocular inflammation that occurred after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The inflammation was characterized by a delayed onset, and in three cases had the clinical appearance of a granulomatous iridocyclitis. Cultures of intraocular specimens obtained from six eyes yielded Propionibacterium; five yielded P. acnes. Pleomorphic gram-positive bacilli consistent with Propionibacterium were identified in cytologic or histopathologic studies in four of the six culture-positive cases. After surgical and medical therapy, the inflammation resolved. Postoperative Propionibacterium endophthalmitis may masquerade as a chronic iridocyclitis. PMID- 3491544 TI - Inflammation after cataract surgery. PMID- 3491545 TI - Effects of phenothiazines on binding and processing of epidermal growth factor in 3T3 cells. AB - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) or the functionally related N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide caused a rapid decrease in binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) that was due to a specific decrease in receptor affinity. The decrease in ligand binding was observed when cells were exposed to CPZ at either 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C but a rapid reversal of CPZs effects was observed only during a 37 degrees C incubation. In contrast to the decrease in 125I-EGF binding seen after short (30 min) accumulations at 37 degrees C, the presence of CPZ caused a large increase in the amount of cell-associated radioactivity after longer periods (over 1 h) of accumulation. Although the CPZ-induced effect was similar in extent to that observed after the addition of methylamine, the increased accumulation after CPZ was probably not due to a nonspecific ionic neutralization of the lysosomes. CPZ did not lower EGF binding in cultures chronically treated with a phorbol ester to reduce protein kinase C levels, although the CPZ-induced increases in accumulation were still observed in cells with reduced protein kinase C activity. PMID- 3491546 TI - The control mechanisms of gastric emptying are not overridden by motor stimulants. AB - We wanted to determine if an acceleration of the normal emptying rate by motor stimulants interfers with control mechanisms limiting gastric emptying. Therefore, we studied the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP) and cisapride on canine gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after ingestion of viscous acaloric and nutritive meals. Prolonged contractions and relaxations that change lumen size (isotonic component) and wall tension (isometric component) are defined as "basal contractions" and "basal relaxations", respectively. The nutrient meal emptied much slower than the acaloric meal due to several alterations of gastric, pyloric, and duodenal motility. Both drugs stimulated antral motility but failed to accelerate gastric emptying of the nutrient meal. The main causes for the failure were a basal relaxation of the proximal antrum and a basal contraction of the duodenum. In conclusion, basal contractions of the proximal antrum and duodenum play an important role in the process of gastric emptying, and under physiological conditions the control mechanisms of gastric emptying provide an optimal emptying rate that cannot be markedly accelerated by 5-HTP and cisapride. PMID- 3491547 TI - In vitro cell-mediated and complement-mediated cytotoxicity to murine testicular cells. AB - Male BALB/c mice at 8 to 14 weeks of age were divided into three groups: group 1 was immunized with an emulsion of testicular cells (TCs) (10(7)/mouse), complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and extract of Bordetella pertussis (BP); group 2 was given CFA and BP injections; and group 3 was given sterile saline injections. Suspensions of TCs and spleen cells (SCs) from each mouse were prepared 4 weeks after the first immunization for a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay. For the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity (ACC) assays, TCs and SCs were prepared from normal male and female mice, respectively. Targets were labeled with Na251 Cr0(4). The interactions of targets (TCs) and effectors (SCs) were conducted at 32.5 degrees C (for CTL, ADCC, and ACC assays) or 37 degrees C (for ACC assay). In the CTL assay, SCs from group 1 and group 2 caused significantly more killing than those from group 3. Specific cytotoxicity in the ADCC assay was only detected in the serum (maximum specific lysis 47.65%) of one mouse. No other cytotoxicity was detectable in 61 serum samples from group 1 (n = 25), group 2 (n = 17), and group 3 (n = 19). In the ACC assay, no significant specific cytolysis was found at different incubation temperatures (32.5 and 37.0 degrees C) in 44 serum samples from the three groups. These results suggest that CTLs are important in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic orchitis (EAO). Adjuvant alone, probably because of breakdown of the blood-testis barrier, causes significant T lymphocyte cytotoxicity to TCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491549 TI - Antinuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies in scleroderma. A possible relationship between joint manifestations and increased antibodies in localized scleroderma. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), including anti-DNA antibodies, and rheumatoid factors (RAT, Waaler-Rose) were determined prospectively during a 3-year period in 40 patients with localized scleroderma (LS) compared with 77 patients with generalized scleroderma (GS). ANA were increased in 26% of patients with LS, and in 47% with GS, anti-DNA antibodies in 23% of patients with LS, and in 34% with GS. Thus, the anti-DNA antibody level was lower compared with the known level in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatoid factors were present in 6-7% of patients with LS, and in 14-15% of patients with GS. Increased antinuclear antibodies were not associated with any specific type of localized scleroderma, nor with internal disorders, and no case of clinical overlap to discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus was observed. However, six patients with localized scleroderma and complaints of arthralgia all presented increased antibodies, and one patient showed overlap to rheumatoid arthritis. It is suggested that increased ANA and anti-DNA antibodies in localized scleroderma, associated with joint manifestations, represents a systemic component in this type of scleroderma, with activation of the immune system and similarities with generalized collagen diseases. PMID- 3491548 TI - [A case of contact dermatitis associated with electric muscle stimulation]. PMID- 3491550 TI - Pain on injection with propofol. PMID- 3491551 TI - Comparison of induction characteristics of four intravenous anaesthetic agents. AB - The induction characteristics of thiopentone, etomidate and methohexitone have been compared to those of propofol (2,6 di-isopropyl phenol) in unpremedicated patients. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg caused significantly more hypotension, excitatory side effects and pain on injection at the dorsum of hand than thiopentone 5 mg/kg. However, with regard to the latter two sequelae, etomidate 0.3 mg/kg and methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg caused similar or more frequent upset. Propofol 2.0 mg/kg was equipotent with thiopentone 4.0 mg/kg in terms of successful induction of anaesthesia. Hypotension may contraindicate the use of propofol in the hypovolaemic or unfit patient. PMID- 3491552 TI - Facial paraesthesia and propofol. PMID- 3491554 TI - Eosinophils, smoking, and lung function. An epidemiologic survey among 912 working men. AB - The relationship of eosinophilia with smoking habits and with baseline lung function measurements has been studied in a working population of 912 men in the Paris area. Absolute numbers of eosinophils were related significantly to a history of asthma and eczema in childhood as well as to current tobacco consumption, whereas the percentage of eosinophils was related only to the occurrence of asthma and eczema. Forced expiratory volume in one second adjusted for smoking was significantly related to asthma, the presence of a common cold on the day of examination among those with a history of wheezing, and the percentage of eosinophils. The association between FEV and eosinophils was restricted to never smokers. Among never smokers without a history of asthma, eczema, wheezing, or a common cold on the day of examination, eosinophil percentages and counts were significantly associated with the level of FEV; eosinophil percentages explained 4.4% of the variance of FEV. These results suggest that eosinophilia might be a risk factor for chronic air-flow limitation among adult nonsmokers. PMID- 3491553 TI - Complement activation in bronchial asthma evaluated by the C3d/C3 index. AB - In order to demonstrate a suspected complement activation in bronchial asthma, we measured the C3d (split product of C3) and the C3d/C3 ratio in 73 adults. Both are considered to be a sensitive index of complement activation. Compared with the value obtained in 47 normal subjects, the C3d level and the C3d/C3 ratio level were found significantly higher in asthmatic subjects. Fourteen asthmatics presented an increased C3d/C3 above the calculated limit of normality. These 14 subjects differed from the other asthmatics by a significantly lower C4 plasmatic level, suggesting an activation of the classical pathway of the complement system. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of these observations remains difficult to interpret in view of the absence of significant differences of clinical, allergologic and respiratory functional parameters between asthmatics with low or high C3d/C3 index. PMID- 3491555 TI - Serial trypsin inhibitory capacity and ceruloplasmin levels in prematures at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Oxidant injury and release of proteolytic enzymes in prematures with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), who are treated with ventilators and oxygen, have been postulated as possible causes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The premature may be at particular risk due to low levels of antiproteases, such as alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI), and antioxidants, such as ceruloplasmin (CER). Both alpha 1PI and CER deficiencies have been correlated with the severity of RDS. We studied serial alpha 1PI activity as measured by trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) and CER in the serum 27 prematures who required ventilator therapy for RDS. Serum TIC values for day 1 were significantly lower (0.34 vs. 0.92 mg inhibited/ml of sample) in the 13 patients who developed BPD compared to the 14 who did not. No significant differences were seen on succeeding days. No significant differences in CER were seen, although both groups had levels 33-50% of adult normals (11.3 vs 9.3 mg/dl). Other significant variables included birthweight (p less than 0.005), severity of RDS (p less than 0.03), and gestational age (p less than 0.03). One way analysis of variances demonstrated day 1 TIC to be the most significant variable (p less than 0.0001), followed by weight (p less than 0.007), severity RDS (p less than 0.04), and gestational age (p less than 0.03). CER levels were not a significant variable. A formula utilizing unstandardized canonical discriminant function including day 1 TIC, birthweight, severity of RDS, and gestational age was 100% sensitive and 85% specific in the prediction of BPD for the original study group. In an additional 25 consecutive admissions with severe RDS of whom 18 survived, the formula was 100% sensitive (6/6) and 75% specific (9/12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491556 TI - Characterization of beta-lactamases in Mycobacterium fortuitum including a role in beta-lactam resistance and evidence of partial inducibility. AB - The beta-lactamases from the 3 biovariants of M. fortuitum were compared on the basis of substrate profiles, susceptibility to enzyme inhibitors, and inducibility in the presence of selected beta-lactams. Despite differences in the distribution of beta-lactamase bands observed when enzymes from different isolates were subjected to isoelectric focusing, substrate profiles for the 3 biovariants were similar. All demonstrated a comparable broad spectrum hydrolytic activity for both cephalosporins and penicillins. The MIC for amoxicillin were reduced 4- to 16-fold when combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, but not to a clinically susceptible range. The degree of reduction in MIC for amoxicillin correlated well with the susceptibility of enzyme to inhibition by clavulanic acid as determined in an in vitro assay. Although all M. fortuitum strains produce beta-lactamase under routine growth conditions, 90% of strains demonstrated an increase in the amount of this enzyme when cultured in the presence of selected beta-lactams as potential inducers. Quantitative assays and isoelectric focusing further indicated that this apparent induction of beta lactamase is a simple enhancement of the same enzyme(s) produced in the absence of a known inducer. This is the first demonstration of any inducibility among mycobacterial beta-lactamases and suggests that synthesis of these enzymes in M. fortuitum is under some form of regulatory control. These results indicate that the beta-lactamases have a role in resistance of M. fortuitum to the beta lactams. Other factors, such as permeability and penicillin-binding proteins, were not evaluated. PMID- 3491557 TI - [Histiocytosis X: localized and disseminated forms. Apropos of 13 cases]. AB - The authors present a study of 13 patients, between 7 months and 4 years of age diagnosed, of histiocytosis X, nine of them with a disseminated form and 4 with a localized form. The clinical and histopathologic types of presentation are analyzed, applying the usual scores of prognostic evaluation, with emphasis on the low mortality rate (one death), considering that there are several patients with bad prognostic scores. This is explained by the positive effect of chemotherapy used in these cases. PMID- 3491558 TI - The effect of hemodynamically significant carotid artery disease on the hemodynamic status of the cerebral circulation. AB - Although the presence of a hemodynamically significant carotid artery lesion is commonly used as an indicator of impaired cerebral circulation, the effect of such lesions on cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebral blood flow has never been determined accurately. We used positron emission tomography (PET) to study 19 patients with unilateral hemodynamically significant carotid artery disease (greater than 66% diameter reduction) and no evidence of cerebral infarction. According to PET measurements in the cerebral hemisphere distal to the lesion, 7 patients had normal cerebral hemodynamics, 8 had reduced perfusion pressure with normal blood flow, and 4 had reduced blood flow. Neither the percent stenosis nor the residual lumen diameter in the carotid artery was a reliable indicator of the hemodynamic status of the cerebral circulation. However, a significant relationship was found between the PET measurements of cerebral hemodynamics and the arteriographic circulation pattern (p = 0.006). The role of hemodynamic factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of cerebrovascular disease cannot be determined from the severity of carotid artery disease alone. PMID- 3491559 TI - Treatment of cutaneous sclerosis and aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin. AB - We administered antithymocyte globulin to a 52-year-old man with cutaneous sclerosis (scleroderma) and severe aplastic anemia for treatment of the aplastic lesion. The use of this therapy resulted not only in marrow recovery but also in resolution of the sclerosis. This observation indicates that T lymphocytes, their products, or both, are important factors in the pathogenesis of cutaneous sclerosis. Furthermore, the success of this treatment could play a role in future investigations involving the treatment of scleroderma and scleroderma-like conditions. PMID- 3491560 TI - Refractory sclerotherapy-induced esophageal strictures. PMID- 3491561 TI - Monoclonal antibody studies defining the origin and properties of autoantibodies in Graves' disease. AB - The present report summarizes experiments with monoclonal antibodies to the TSH receptor. The data provide further insight into the TSH receptor structure and into the basis of autoimmune antibodies implicated in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. They resolve many clinical questions and provide new approaches to enhance our understanding of autoimmune disease. In one new approach, it has been noted that the 11E8 TBIAb can precipitate the phosphorylated beta subunit of the insulin and IGF1 receptor. This cross-reactivity or recognition of determinants adjacent to the TSH receptor may not be random. Insulin, IGF1, alpha 1 adrenergic, and TSH receptors have been linked to a synergistic cascade response system of the thyroid involving growth, thyroglobulin biosynthesis, iodination of thyroglobulin, and thyroid hormone formation. Future studies with the monoclonals may help unravel this cascade system and its regulatory relationships, along with the relationships between autoimmune thyroid disease and autoimmune diseases of other organs. PMID- 3491562 TI - The auto-anti-idiotypic route to antireceptor antibodies. PMID- 3491563 TI - The questionable role of anti-DNA antibodies in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3491564 TI - Ia antigen expression and autoimmunity in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. PMID- 3491565 TI - A possible new therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PMID- 3491566 TI - Hormonal approaches to immunotherapy of autoimmune disease. PMID- 3491568 TI - T and B cell connections in experimentally induced autoimmunity. PMID- 3491567 TI - Idiotypes and anti-idiotypes in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3491569 TI - Early endoscopy for acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - A personal prospective study of the value of early lower gastrointestinal endoscopy on patients admitted as emergencies with acute colorectal haemorrhage is presented. Thirty two patients were studied of whom 13 had severe continued colonic haemorrhage. A correct diagnosis was made in 20 (62.5%) and an incorrect diagnosis in 3 (9%). In only 3 was the examination terminated due to excessive blood. There was one serious complication of septicaemia in a patient with an arterio-enteric fistula. It is concluded that early colonoscopy for lower gastrointestinal bleeding is worthwhile. PMID- 3491570 TI - The importance of laparotomy in the diagnosis and management of intestinal bleeding of obscure origin. AB - Thirty-seven patients who had had either a colonoscopy or a selective mesenteric angiogram while being investigated for severe or persistent gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin were reviewed. Failure to make a prompt diagnosis was partly responsible for the 16% hospital mortality in the series. Colonoscopy was diagnostic on 6 out of 38 examinations but detected 43% of lesions in the colon. Angiography achieved only 3 diagnoses in 17 examinations. Fourteen patients had an exploratory laparotomy which was diagnostic in 9. We believe that early laparotomy still has an important place in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal bleeding of obscure origin. PMID- 3491571 TI - Prospective study of a planned approach to the surgical management of bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - A policy of joint management of patients with acute variceal bleeding was constructed and applied prospectively to 37 consecutive patients. According to the protocol, every patient underwent an initial joint assessment by a physician and a surgeon soon after admission and resuscitation, which included age, previous history, physical examination and biochemical profile. Pugh's modification of Child's scoring system was used to assess the severity of the underlying hepatic disorder. Patients in groups A and B who were less than 70 years of age were treated by shunt surgery carried out during the same admission. Patients outwith this category were managed conservatively and a blood transfusion limit (10 units) imposed unless the clinical picture subsequently improved or the liver function was good but the patient was not eligible for surgery because of age. Twenty seven patients underwent shunt surgery, the most frequent procedure being a Warren shunt (n = 21). The average hospital stay in the surgically treated group was 18 days. The 30 day operative mortality was 15%. Two further deaths in the shunted group occurred during the follow-up period (mean = 30 months, range = 6-97 months). Seventeen patients in the shunted group remain well but three have required further therapy because of rebleeding episodes (two with sclerotherapy, one by surgery). Two patients who went abroad after recovery from their shunt surgery have been lost to follow up. The survival in the conservatively treated group was short and recurrent bleeding common. This experience indicates that an initial joint assessment using established criteria reliably identifies the poor prognosis group of patients with variceal haemorrhage and allows the rationalisation of the hospital resources.Early and expeditious selective shunt surgery in the good risk category carries an acceptable mortality and is cost effective in the long term. PMID- 3491572 TI - Haemorrhage and perforation of gastrointestinal neoplasms during chemotherapy. AB - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage and perforation are known complications of cytotoxic therapy for chemosensitive tumours involving the wall of the gut, in particular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These complications can be avoided by aggressive surgery before chemotherapy is started. When they do occur, early operative intervention is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. We report 4 cases in whom delay in diagnosis and surgery led to 3 deaths and suggest a policy for the management of such cases in the future. PMID- 3491574 TI - Theoretical study of inversions affecting human chromosomes. AB - A theoretical study of inversions affecting human chromosomes is proposed. Taking into consideration the number of bands and the fact that breaks occur at interfaces between bands, it is concluded that: 7.659 different pericentric inversions might be detected in a prometaphasic 802-band karyotype; this number decreases to 917 in a metaphasic 273-band karyotype; 8.607 and 862 different paracentric inversions might be detected in the same karyotypes respectively, but these results are likely to be overestimated. These theoretical data are used for showing that the pericentric inversions detected in human cytogenetic laboratories, are too frequently recurrent and are not distributed at random. PMID- 3491573 TI - Paracentric inversions in man. A French collaborative study. Groupe de Cytogeneticiens Francais. AB - The collection of paracentric inversions ascertained in French cytogenetics laboratories gives a sample of 32 unpublished cases. The carriers seem to have a normal reproductive fitness, without difference between males and females. No cases of aneusomie de recombinaison were found, and it is likely that almost all, and perhaps all cases were ascertained for a cause independent of the inversion. Some chromosomes are too frequently affected: 3, 7 and 14; conversely chromosome 2 was never involved, as in the literature. It remains difficult to know whether paracentric inversions occur at random or not. PMID- 3491575 TI - Radiation induced inversions in human somatic cells. AB - Peri- and paracentric inversions induced by various types of ionizing radiation (gamma and alpha-rays, neutron and neon beams) are analysed. Their frequencies significantly increase for radiation doses greater than or equal to .5 Gy. Their distribution does not seem to be at random. Pericentric are detected 3 to 4 times more frequently than paracentric inversions. Some identical inversions are recurrently induced. A proportion reproduces inversions detected in human cytogenetics laboratories and a larger proportion, chromosomes of other primate species. It seems that breakages, which numbers are roughly proportional to chromosome lengths, lead to reassociations with a limited number of combinations. PMID- 3491576 TI - Acquired inversions in human leucocytes. AB - Peri- and paracentric inversions are observed in human leukocytes at various rates. Four categories are proposed, in relation to the frequency of occurrence, although it may vary with time for a same inversion. Category 1 corresponds to isolated, thus non recurrent inversions. Category 2 (f congruent to .001) corresponds to inv(14)(q12qter) and inv(7)(p14q35) in individuals with presumably normal genetic constitution. Category 3 (f congruent to .01) corresponds to inv(7)(p14q35) in patients affected by ataxia telangiectasia (AT). This inversion, when it is frequent, indicates an abnormal genetic constitution, radiation sensitive and predisposing to cancers. Finally, category 4 (f greater than or equal to .1) corresponds to inversions existing in precancer or in cancer clonal cells: inv(14)(q11.2q32.2) in AT patients affected by a T-cell hemopathy, inv(14)(q12qter) in chronic T-cell lymphocytic leukaemia, and inv(16)(p13q22) in acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with abnormal eosinophils. The prognostic and diagnostic interests of these inversions is discussed. PMID- 3491577 TI - Meiotic behaviour of familial pericentric inversions of chromosomes 1 and 9. AB - Pachytene analysis was carried out in two infertile brothers, one heterozygous for two pericentric inversions of chromosomes 1 and 9, the second heterozygous for the pericentric inversion of chromosome 1. The synaptic behaviour of the bivalent 1 inversion was the most informative. Analysis of the chromomere pattern combined with centromeric heterochromatin staining and synaptonemal complexes visualization allowed precise description of synaptic initiation and extension leading to the homosynapsed loop. Heterosynapsis following alignment of the inverted segments was demonstrated. Non-homologous synapsed bivalents had the morphological aspects of straight bivalents with two distant blocks of centromeric heterochromatin. The possible sterilizing effect caused by the autosomal inversion is discussed. PMID- 3491579 TI - Monocular oscillopsia secondary to lens subluxation. PMID- 3491578 TI - Saccade responses to dopamine in human MPTP-induced parkinsonism. AB - Depletion of dopamine content in the substantia nigra resulting from 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity produces parkinsonism. Management of 3 patients with MPTP-induced parkinsonism required drug holidays during which there was a state of dopamine depletion followed by dopamine replacement. We used this opportunity to study the effect of the selective loss of pars compacta dopaminergic cells on vertical and horizontal saccade (fast) eye movements. During the drug holidays, visually guided saccades were hypometric and had long latencies but retained a normal saccade velocity-amplitude relationship. Dopamine agonists or precursors improved the accuracy and reaction times of saccades in all directions, but not their velocity. Two of the three patients also had intermittent blepharospasm during dopamine depletion. During the episodes of blepharospasm, saccade responses became slow eye movements. MPTP causes a dopaminergic-responsive disorder of saccade initiation that is similar to idiopathic parkinsonism. The inhibition of voluntary eyelid opening during MPTP-induced blepharospasm further increases this impairment of fast eye movements and altered saccade velocity, presumably via the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. PMID- 3491580 TI - Epilepsy and cerebellar hypometabolism. PMID- 3491581 TI - Antigenic relationships among penicillin-binding proteins 1 from members of the families Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) from Haemophilus influenzae RD purified by a combination of affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electroelution were used to immunize rabbits to obtain specific antisera. Antisera directed against PBP 1 (1b) of H. influenzae cross reacted with representative organisms of the family Pasteurellaceae and with many members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but not with other gram-negative organisms. Immunization with purified PBP 3 of H. influenzae produced antisera that reacted with PBP 1 (1b) of H. influenzae and showed the same cross-reactive pattern with other species as the anti-PBP 1 antiserum. A 24,000-molecular-weight polypeptide of H. influenzae, not radiolabeled by [35S]penicillin, reacted with antisera against purified PBPs 1 (1a, 1b), 2, and 3. The results suggest that antigenic epitopes are shared among similar PBPs from related species and even among different PBPs within the same species. PMID- 3491582 TI - Meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. AB - A case of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae meningitis successfully treated with cefotaxime is described. PMID- 3491583 TI - Alpha-thiolproteinase inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin and serum proteins in suction blister fluid; effect of local glucocorticosteroid treatment. PMID- 3491584 TI - [Lymphomas and pseudolymphomas of the digestive tract. Retrospective study, with immunologic markers, of 52 malignant lymphomas and 5 pseudolymphomas]. PMID- 3491585 TI - Fluctuations in anti-nRNP levels in patients with mixed connective tissue disease are related to disease activity as part of a polyclonal B cell response. AB - In a follow up study of 11 patients with mixed connective tissue disease the levels of antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein (nRNP) as measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were related to clinical activity of disease. To assess the relation between anti-nRNP levels and disease activity the levels of total immunoglobulin G, IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF), and antibodies to an unrelated antigen (tetanus toxoid) were determined simultaneously. No significant changes in anti-nRNP levels were noted in four patients with minor activity of disease. Major flares of disease were observed in seven patients. Clinical symptoms were preceded by a rise in anti-nRNP level in these patients unless they received immunosuppressive agents before the exacerbation. Conversely, when a rise in anti-nRNP level occurred a major flare of disease was followed in all but one case. Anti-nRNP levels fell during clinical improvement whether or not immunosuppressive treatment was given. All patients showed parallel fluctuations in anti-nRNP, IgM RF, and total immunoglobulin G levels. Furthermore, parallel fluctuations were seen in the levels of anti-nRNP and antibodies to tetanus toxoid except in one patient. We conclude that measurement of anti-nRNP by ELISA may be a guide for disease activity in connective tissue disease. Fluctuations of anti-nRNP are not restricted to this antibody, however, but are part of a more polyclonal activity of the B lymphocyte system. PMID- 3491586 TI - Genetic structure of the population with rheumatoid arthritis in north east England: a genetic approach to define different subtypes. AB - Clinically and immunologically rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is possibly a heterogeneous disorder. Despite numerous efforts clearer definition of this heterogeneity has been of limited success. Measurements of rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by conventional methods define subpopulations of patients with RA and in a few recent studies an association of human leucocyte antigens (HLA) undoubtedly indicates the immunogenetic differences in the susceptibility of RA patients with different status of autoantibodies. The studies on a few isolated non-HLA genetic markers in RA are controversial. To understand the role of genetic factors in susceptibility 24 single gene characters other than HLA were investigated in 225 patients with RA classified by humoral status (presence or absence of RF and ANA) into three groups and in 104 healthy control individuals from the north east of England. Locus by locus comparison suggested associations of MN, Lewis, and Bf system with RF positive patients. Although the associations with MN and Lewis blood groups require further investigations, the involvement of the Bf locus is in agreement with the immunological component of the disease suggested by HLA associations and it could be due to the phenomenon of linkage disequilibrium. Measures of genetic distance applied to the subpopulations of patients with RA, divided according to the presence or absence of humoral factors, suggest that RF+ ANA+, RF- ANA-, and RF+ ANA- subgroups are distinct genetic diseases, each affecting a different subsection of the population which is genetically distinct. Such genetic heterogeneity may suggest a different pathogenetic mechanism for each of these subpopulations of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3491588 TI - Mechanical support of the failing heart. AB - Mechanical ventricular assist with a centrifugal pump with or without anticoagulation for an extended period has been used in 41 patients with postcardiotomy ventricular failure. Left ventricular, right ventricular, and biventricular assist were required. The efficacy and safety of mechanical ventricular assist have been documented. Marked improvement in survival has been observed in the more recent part of this series, and is attributed to earlier employment of the assist device, maintenance of better flow rates near physiological levels, and use of biventricular assist to provide effective circulatory support. Mechanical ventricular assist is easy to use, and the conversion from ordinary cardiopulmonary bypass is also easy. Therefore, mechanical assist provides a very effective means of temporary circulatory assist. PMID- 3491587 TI - Effect of blood transfusions on macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in an animal model. AB - Blood transfusions have been reported over the last 2 decades to decrease allograft rejection, to increase the rate of tumor growth, and to increase susceptibility to infectious complications. The effect of transfusions on macrophages, specifically on their regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, was investigated. Both macrophages and their supernatants obtained from transfused rats impaired lymphocyte blastogenesis to a greater degree than those from nontransfused rats. This effect was greatest when the lymphocytes were subjected to mitogen stimulation. The immunosuppression was seen with macrophages from both allogeneically and syngeneically transfused rats. Blood transfusions exert their immunosuppressive effect at least in part by increasing macrophage suppression of lymphocyte response to stimuli. PMID- 3491589 TI - Reoperations for valve surgery: perioperative mortality and determinants of risk for 1,000 patients, 1958-1984. AB - One thousand consecutive cardiac reoperations for valve surgery in 897 patients were reviewed to determine in-hospital mortality and indicators of risk. Subgroups based on the number of previous cardiac procedures and the valve or valves replaced or repaired at reoperation (aortic valve, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, or multiple valves and mortality [deaths/number of procedures (% mortality)]) for those subgroups are as follows: (Table: see text) Predictors of increased risk for a first aortic valve reoperation were advanced age (p = .0002), endocarditis (p = .0018), female sex (p = .014), impaired left ventricular function (p = .039), and number of coronary vessels obstructed by 70% or more (p = .055). For a first mitral valve reoperation, the predictors were advanced age (p less than .0001), preoperative shock or cardiac arrest (p = .01), previous aortic or tricuspid valve operations (p = .02), type of mitral valve procedure (risk for repair of periprosthetic leak was greater than mitral valve replacement which was greater than mitral valve-conserving operation [p = .05]), and impaired left ventricular function (p = .059). For a first multiple valve reoperation, the predictors were diabetes (p = .04) and ascites (p = .02), whereas patients undergoing mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve operations were at decreased risk (p = .01). Comparison of second reoperations with first reoperations indicates risk increases for multiple operations (p = .01) but not for aortic or mitral valve procedures. Rereplacement of a prosthesis (p = .007), coronary bypass grafting at reoperation (p = .006), and advanced age (p = .06) increased the risk for second reoperations. Age is the most consistent predictor of risk for patients undergoing valve reoperations. PMID- 3491591 TI - The value of computed tomography in postoperative pneumothorax following open heart surgery. AB - Two patients with postoperative pneumothorax following open-heart surgery are described. The diagnostic usefulness of computed tomography and chest roentgenogram in this complication is discussed. PMID- 3491590 TI - Combined valve and coronary artery bypass procedures in septuagenarians and octogenarians: results in 120 patients. AB - A consecutive series of 96 septuagenarians (mean age, 74) and 24 octogenarians (mean age, 83) underwent coronary artery bypass (CAB) and valve operations using hypothermia and hyperkalemic cardioplegia in a 45-month period; there was a mean of 2.6 grafts per patient. Most patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV (57% of the septuagenarians and 88% of the octogenarians) preoperatively. The early deaths were 19% for septuagenarians and 37% for octogenarians; late deaths were 9% and 6%, respectively, after a mean of 25 months. Of 92 survivors, 78% of the septuagenarians and 87% of the octogenarians improved by one or more NYHA class postoperatively. Of 58 patients with combined CAB and aortic valve replacement, 12 (21%) died; of 38 with combined CAB and mitral valve replacement 19 (50%) died; 2 of 9 (22%) with combined CAB and double valve replacement died; and 2 of 11 (18%) with CAB and MV repair died. In comparison, of patients with isolated valve replacement in the same period, 2 of 30 (7%) in the AVR group died, 5 of 17 (29%) died in the MVR group, 2 of 7 (33%) in the DVR group died. The risk of combined valve procedures and bypass surgery was significantly increased in the elderly and may warrant a less aggressive procedure, especially in the mitral position. PMID- 3491592 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting in dialysis patients. AB - Cardiac disease continues to be a major cause of death in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. The results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for severe coronary artery disease in long-term hemodialysis patients have been studied in a group of 12 patients who underwent CABG between January 1979 and December 1983. Hospital mortality was 8% (1 of 12 patients). This patient died of ventricular arrhythmia. Two late deaths occurred, 1 from peritonitis in a patient undergoing long-term peritoneal hemodialysis and 1 from metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The two postoperative complications (morbidity 17%) consisted of a sternal dehiscence secondary to mediastinitis and a perioperative cerebrovascular accident. Ten of the 11 hospital survivors experienced complete relief from angina. In the other patient the angina became easier to control with medication. Combining this series of patients with those previously reported in the literature allows determination of actuarial survival in a group of 25 patients followed up for 1 to 79 months (mean, 33 months). Actuarial survival was 83% at one year, 69% at three years, and 48% at five years. This is not significantly different from the survival of long-term hemodialysis patients who have coronary disease but have not undergone CABG. It appears that CABG, when performed in long term hemodialysis patients, is associated with an only slightly greater risk of mortality and morbidity than CABG performed in routine patients. Although CABG provides considerable symptomatic relief of angina, no statistically significant change in actuarial survival can be demonstrated. PMID- 3491593 TI - Reduced efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting in women. AB - During a six-year period (August, 1978-May, 1985), 1,089 patients underwent isolated, primary, elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at St. Margaret's Hospital, Montgomery, Alabama. The group consisted of 833 (76.5%) men and 256 (23.5%) women. The women were older (mean age, 59.7 years vs. 55.4 years for men) (p = .0001), had more severe preoperative angina pectoris (mean New York Heart Association functional class 3.3 vs. 3.1) (p = .008), and had higher incidences of adult-onset diabetes mellitus (24% vs. 13.5%) (p = .0001) and preoperative congestive heart failure (8.2% vs. 3.7%) (p = .003). The overall mortality was 1.9% (21/1,089 patients); there were 10 deaths among the men (1.2%) and 11 deaths among the women (4.3%) (p = .001). Univariate and multivariate analysis of preoperative variables indicated that the female gender factor (p = .002), age of 70 years or older at operation (p less than .001), preoperative left ventricular dysfunction (p = .026), preoperative congestive heart failure (p less than .001), renal insufficiency (p = .036), peripheral occlusive disease (p = .002), extracranial occlusive disease (p = .001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.17) all had significant influences on hospital mortality. Perioperative myocardial infarction (p = .017), low cardiac output (p less than .001), and respiratory failure (p less than .001) significantly influenced outcome as well. Long-term (five-year) overall survival (90%) indicates a significantly superior overall survival among men (p = .0008). Event free survival (absence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or recurrent angina pectoris) was significantly superior among the men (p = .03) as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491594 TI - Intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography in coronary revascularization: locating deeply embedded coronary arteries. AB - During coronary revascularization, the precise location of major coronary arteries may be obscured by overlying fat, myocardial bridging, or epicardial scarring. High-frequency epicardial echocardiography can be used intraoperatively to quickly image and locate such arteries and eliminate the need for time consuming epicardial exploration or potentially deleterious retrograde probing of distal coronary artery branches. This technique can be applied using commercially available equipment and the aid of a skilled technician. PMID- 3491595 TI - Intraperitoneal administration of interleukin-2 in patients with cancer. AB - We have administered 11 to 64 doses of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) ranging from 10,000 to 300,000 U/kg, given three times daily as a bolus infusion through an indwelling Tenckhoff catheter, to seven patients with melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, or colorectal carcinoma. The total IL-2 dose ranged from 800 to 3800 X 10(3) U/kg. Side effects included fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and major weight gain presumedly related to a capillary leak syndrome. Total weight gain ranged from 5.1 to 17.4 kg and was associated with the development of both peripheral edema and ascites. Marked eosinophilia was noted. Serum IL-2 levels were maintained at 10 to 35 U/mL for up to eight hours following intraperitoneal administration of IL-2. Increases from less than 10(4) cells/mL of a 2-L peritoneal wash to more than 10(6) cells/mL were noted in peritoneal exudate cell yields. Lysis of the natural killer target K562 increased from undetectable levels to as high as 125 lytic units per 10(6) cells. Proliferative capacity to IL-2 increased as much as 30-fold in peritoneal exudate cell yields. In addition, 70% to 80% of the mononuclear cells were T cells (Leu 4+) with intraperitoneal phenotype treatment. A single patient with pulmonary and hepatic metastases showed marked decrease in these lesions with intraperitoneal IL-2 treatment. The other patients treated intraperitoneally with IL-2 did not have significant (greater than 50%) reduction in tumor volume. These findings indicate that the intraperitoneal route of IL-2 administration may allow the in vivo development and expansion of lymphoid cells with antitumor activities. PMID- 3491596 TI - Continuous intrasplenic interleukin-2 combined with antigen-specific chemoimmunotherapy. AB - A methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma model in C3H/HeJ mice demonstrated that combined chemoimmunotherapy, including partially purified, 1-butanol-extracted, tumor-specific transplantation antigen (1 microgram), cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg), and continuous intrasplenic (IS) or intravenous (IV) infusion of purified human interleukin-2 (IL-2) (120 U/d) reduced the outgrowth of 4-mm established tumors, while IL-2 alone only modestly decreased tumor growth. For tumors larger than 1 cm, only the triple regimen with IS IL-2 significantly inhibited tumor growth, whereas IL-2 alone or the triple regimen with IV IL-2 failed to retard tumor growth. Furthermore, the first regimen significantly decreased pulmonary metastases after primary tumor resection. The Lyt-2+ phenotype predominated in the effector population of animals treated with this regimen, while L3T4+ cells predominated in those treated with the triple regimen that included IV IL-2. Thus, continuous IS IL-2 administration potentiates the efficacy of antigen specific chemoimmunotherapy. PMID- 3491598 TI - Proceedings of meetings of special societies. The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, Gastroenterological Society of Australia, The Thoracic Society of Australia. Abstracts. PMID- 3491597 TI - Frequency of murine cytotoxic T cell precursors reactive to plasma cell tumour associated antigens as compared to major histocompatibility antigens. AB - The frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) reactive to plasmacytoma (PCT) tumour-associated antigens (TAA) was studied in BALB/c mouse spleen. Progressively decreasing numbers of responder BALB/c spleen cells were cultured with mitomycin C-treated stimulator MPC-11 BALB/c PCT cells, and a Poisson analysis was performed of the wells scored positive in a 51Cr release assay with PCT target cells. It was found that approximately 2 per million BALB/c spleen cells were CTL-P reactive to TAA of MPC-11, and about one in three of these precursors responded to a TAA expressed by MPC-11 which was shared with the C3H PCT C1.18. The frequency of CTL-P reactive to TAA was shown to be 30 to 500 fold lower than that for CTL reactive to various major histocompatibility complex alloantigens, and the addition of exogenous Interleukin-2 only resulted in a 2-3 fold increase in this CTL-P frequency. These results suggest that the weak levels of tumour immunity induced in vivo by immunisation of BALB/c mice with MPC-11 are, at least in part, due to a very low frequency of CTL-P reactive to TAA of that PCT. PMID- 3491599 TI - Sigmoidoscopy with flexible electronic endoscopy: a preliminary experience in Hong Kong. AB - Eighty-two cases of electronic flexible sigmoidoscopy were performed from October 1984 to October 1985 in a rural hospital in Hong Kong. The scope is a relatively new type of flexible endoscope, which has no optical fibre bundle for imaging. The image is taken with a solid state television camera and relayed via a videoprocessor to a television monitor. The image quality and ease of handling were satisfactory. Acceptance by the endoscopy team and the patients was good. The differences in comparison with conventional fibrescopes and television systems are discussed. PMID- 3491600 TI - Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding from haemorrhagic gastritis in the newborn. AB - A case is reported of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a newborn on the second day. Failure to control the bleeding by conservative measures necessitated an exploration. Haemorrhagic gastritis was found to be the cause of bleeding. Vagotomy and pyloroplasty was performed with satisfactory results. Management of this condition in the newborn is discussed. PMID- 3491601 TI - Vestibular-visual conflict in pitch and yaw planes in the squirrel monkey. AB - Direction conflicting vestibular and visual (optokinetic) stimuli either in the pitch or yaw plane were given to squirrel monkey subjects. The conflict sickness symptom score in the pitch plane was significantly higher than that in the yaw plane for the initial exposure session (p less than 0.01). A significant score difference was also encountered when the exposure sessions were repeated (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3491602 TI - Return to work issues as a component of cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 3491603 TI - Nomenclature and classification of the proteins homologous with the cysteine proteinase inhibitor chicken cystatin. PMID- 3491605 TI - The cellular and molecular basis of the Lyt-1+2- T cell-mediated tumor eradicating mechanism in vivo. PMID- 3491604 TI - The interaction of bovine factor IX, its activation intermediate, factor IX alpha, and its activation products, factor IXa alpha and factor IXa beta, with acidic phospholipid vesicles of various compositions. AB - The interactions of bovine factor IX, its activation intermediate, Factor IX alpha, and its activation products, Factor IXa alpha and Factor IXa beta, with phospholipid vesicles, of mean radius of approx. 30 nm, containing various amounts of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), have been examined. For Factor IX, Factor IX alpha, Factor IXa alpha and Factor IXa beta, the dissociation constants, at saturating levels of Ca2+, are independent of the PS concentration in the vesicle after levels of 20-30% (w/w) have been reached, and attain minimum values of approx. 1.7, 1.7, 0.7 and 1.0 microM, respectively, with vesicles containing 50% PS. The amount of protein bound per vesicle particle is independent of the PS content, above 20% PS, for Factor IX and Factor IXa beta, with values of approx. 995-1197 and 1128-1566 molecules/vesicle, respectively. With Factor IX alpha, a dependence on the amount of protein bound with the content of PS is seen, which ranges from 338 to 619 molecules/vesicle with membranes containing 30-50% PS. For Factor IXa alpha, no regularity is noted and a range of 583-1083 molecules of protein/vesicle is observed with the systems employed. Examination of the radii of the proteins on the vesicle demonstrates that Factors IX alpha and IXa alpha occupy considerably more of the surface than do Factors IX and IXa beta, suggesting that a reason for the decreased number of binding sites for the former two proteins on the vesicle may be related to their greater surface spatial requirements. PMID- 3491607 TI - Pathways of human T lymphocyte development and activation. PMID- 3491606 TI - Trisphosphoinositol as the intra-myonal signal messenger, crucial in excitation contraction coupling in muscle. PMID- 3491608 TI - Membrane recycling and antigen presentation. PMID- 3491609 TI - Why affinity progression of antibodies during immune responses is probably not accompanied by parallel changes in the immunoglobulin-like antigen-specific receptors on T cells. PMID- 3491610 TI - On the pathogenesis of immune incompetence in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 3491611 TI - Decreased rat adrenal 21-hydroxylase activity associated with decreased adrenal microsomal cytochrome P-450 after exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin. PMID- 3491612 TI - The role of intrinsic neurons in lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. AB - In this brief review, we summarize some of our recent work concerning the effect of a specific lesion of the intrinsic neurons located in the middle part of the lateral hypothalamus on electrical self-stimulation of this structure by electrodes implanted along the medial forebrain bundle. In a first experiment the neurons of the lateral hypothalamus were destroyed unilaterally by local injection of ibotenic acid (4 micrograms in 0.5 microliter). The contralateral side served as the sham-lesion control. Between 10 and 20 days later, electrodes were bilaterally implanted, one in the lesioned area, the other in the contralateral hypothalamus. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) was obtained separately for each electrode, at various current intensities, using a nose-poke response. ICSS from electrodes implanted in the lesioned area was decreased in all cases, whereas ICSS of the sham-lesioned side was normal. In a second experiment, two groups of rats lesioned and implanted as above, received two additional electrodes either in the anterior hypothalamus or in the posterior hypothalamus. In rats with electrodes in the anterior hypothalamus, the lesion produced a large deficit in self-stimulation when stimulation was applied to the anterior electrode ipsilateral to the lesion. Only 3 of 6 rats showed a decrease in ICSS with stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic electrode ipsilateral to the lesion. These results suggest that ICSS in the anterior part of the medial forebrain bundle is sustained by long fibers originating in the middle part of the lateral hypothalamus, while ICSS in the posterior part of the lateral hypothalamus may not depend on the neurons located in the lesioned area. PMID- 3491613 TI - The role of the dopaminergic projections in MFB self-stimulation. AB - Psychophysical experiments indicate that the first stage of the reward pathway in medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation consists of small myelinated descending axons. Pharmacological experiments show that neuroleptics attenuate or abolish the rewarding effect. This had led to the hypothesis that the descending myelinated axons synapse on an ascending dopaminergic second stage projection. 2 Deoxy-[14C]glucose autoradiography in self-stimulating animals or animals receiving automatically administered rewarding stimulation after treatment with reward-blocking doses of pimozide reveals activation of a descending myelinated system but no stimulation-produced activation of an ascending dopaminergic projection system, even though the autoradiographic method reveals the mild elevations and depressions of activity in dopaminergic terminal fields consequent upon injections of neuroleptics and amphetamine, respectively, and the strong activation of the nigrostriatal projection produced by stimulating directly in the substantia nigra. When the effects of neuroleptics and clonidine are measured by the psychophysical method (that is, by lateral shifts in the rate-frequency function), it is found that both drugs produce only gradual and rather small attenuations of rewarding efficacy up to doses at which it is no longer possible to measure their effects. It is suggested that, for neuroleptics at least, the rewarding effect abruptly fails at these doses. It is further suggested that these drugs do not act on the rewarding pathway itself, but on the process by which the rewarding signal is converted to an enduring rewarding effect. PMID- 3491614 TI - Binding of a synthetic analogue of mitogenic bacterial lipoprotein to murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products. AB - Lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli and a synthetic analogue of its N-terminal lipopeptide part, tripalmitoyl-pentapeptide, constitute potent mitogens and polyclonal activators of murine B-lymphocytes in vitro. When entering the circulation after intravenous administration in experimental animals, they interact with the humoral and cellular elements of the blood, which results in splenomegaly and B-lymphocyte activation in vivo. We investigated lipopeptide-binding proteins in normal mouse serum and on splenocytes. By affinity chromatography using an affinity adsorbent prepared by coupling the lipoprotein analogue to CPG-aminopropyl derivatized glass beads, we could enrich one major binding protein for tripalmitoyl-pentapeptide from mouse serum, which was identified as albumin. Binding proteins on lymphocytes were determined as follows: Spleen cells of C3H/HeJ mice were activated by the B cell mitogen lipoprotein, biosynthetically labelled with [3H]leucine, and solubilized by the nonionic detergent Nonidet P40. From the cell lysate, binding proteins were isolated by affinity chromatography: As analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, proteins with molecular masses of 24, 27, 33, 45, 53, 61 and 71 kDa were eluted from the tripalmitoyl-pentapeptide adsorbent. The eluted material was further enriched for glycoproteins by Lens culinaris lectin affinity chromatography, and immunoprecipitation studies were performed with the glycoprotein fractions using alloantisera specific for class I and class II gene products of the H-2k haplotype. We could show that both class I and class II MHC glycoproteins could be enriched on the tripalmitoyl-pentapeptide column. This finding might suggest that, among other proteins, MHC-encoded proteins are involved in lymphocyte activation by a mitogenic lipopeptide. PMID- 3491615 TI - Light and electron microscopic demonstration of osteocalcin antigenicity in embryonic and adult rat bone. AB - Of the noncollagenous proteins in bone, about 20% consists of osteocalcin. This vitamin K-dependent protein can be found in adult bone, but its presence in embryonic bone could not be demonstrated unequivocally by biochemical methods. Therefore, we used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods to investigate whether osteocalcin antigenicity could be demonstrated in radii of 20 day-old rat embryos. The results show that osteocalcin antigenicity can be demonstrated in the bone matrix of adult bone and in the shaft and endochondral bone matrix of embryonic bone. It could not be demonstrated in calcified cartilage matrix. In bone the antigenicity was observed in the early foci of calcification, i.e., the mineralization nodules. PMID- 3491616 TI - Postoperative immunological response against contractile proteins after coronary bypass surgery. AB - The pathogenesis of post-cardiac injury syndrome was studied prospectively in 62 patients who underwent coronary bypass grafting. Preoperative and serial postoperative titres of actin and myosin antibodies were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Perioperative cumulative release of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase was calculated by approximation formulas that are used to estimate infarct size. Complete post-cardiac injury syndrome developed in eight (13%) patients and an incomplete syndrome developed in 16 (26%). There was a significant correlation between frequency and intensity of the syndrome and the ratio of postoperative to preoperative titres of actin and myosin antibodies. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the cumulative release of lactate dehydrogenase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase and the number of coronary vessels that were grafted, but no correlation was found between the incidence of post-cardiac injury syndrome and the number of coronary bypasses grafted or between the cumulative enzyme release and the postoperative immunological response against the major contractile proteins, actin and myosin. The amount of enzymes released during coronary bypass surgery seems to be a good indicator of the extent of myocardial damage during operation but it does not determine either the incidence of post-cardiac injury syndrome or the postoperative immunological response against the main contractile proteins actin and myosin. PMID- 3491617 TI - Megaloblastic bone marrow changes after repeated nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Reversal with folinic acid. AB - A seriously ill patient was found to have megaloblastic changes in his bone marrow after a nitrous oxide anaesthesia which lasted for 105 min. After an interval of 7 h a second nitrous oxide anaesthetic was administered, during which the patient received 30 mg of folinic acid. His marrow was normal when assessed 4 h later. PMID- 3491619 TI - A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: uncommon clinical signs and a report of T-cell marker characteristics. AB - We describe a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) who demonstrated Koebner's phenomenon and had unusually large skin nodules. OKT3 and OKT4 lymphocyte markers were demonstrated on histiocyte membranes, which have not been previously reported in this disease. PMID- 3491618 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in parenteral and non-parenteral heroin abusers in Britain. PMID- 3491620 TI - T-cell origin of Lennert's lymphoma. AB - The arrangement of the T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes has been analysed in five cases of Lennert's lymphoma. All cases showed rearrangement of the gene coding for the beta chain of the T-cell receptor and a germline configuration of the immunoglobulin genes. This provides strong evidence that Lennert's lymphoma is a T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 3491622 TI - Amine uptake into intact mast cell granules in vitro. AB - Histamine, the principal amine of rat peritoneal mast cells, is taken up into isolated granules with intact membranes. Uptake is pH- and concentration dependent and is not stimulated by the addition of Mg2+-ATP. The saturable uptake has a Km of 91.1 microM and a Vmax of 95.4 pmol (mg of protein)-1 min-1. Uptake is abolished by 5 mM ammonium ion. 5-HT, the other endogenous amine of the granules, and dopamine and tyramine, which do not occur naturally in rat mast cells, each competitively inhibits [3H]-histamine uptake with Ki's close to 1 microM. Reserpine, a putative amine carrier blocker, inhibits uptake at nanomolar concentrations. At high concentrations, uptake of [3H]-5-HT is nonsaturable; at low concentrations, a saturable component is observed with a Km of 1.6 microM. Uptake of [3H]-5-HT is not enhanced by Mg2+-ATP. It is pH-dependent but with a lower apparent pKa than that of histamine. [3H]-5-HT uptake can be completely inhibited by ammonium ions. Amine inhibition of [3H]-5-HT gives nonlinear Dixon plots, and high concentrations of the competing amines or reserpine cannot completely block uptake. We propose a model consistent with these results in which amine uptake occurs by several distinct saturable transport systems. According to the model, histamine is transported by a single system, which also transports 5-HT and dopamine. 5-HT and dopamine are transported by one or more other systems. PMID- 3491621 TI - Induction of colony-stimulating factor response in myeloid leukaemia cell lines. AB - Untreated, late passage HL60 promyelocytic and KG1 myeloblastic leukaemia cells did not increase proliferation with placenta or Mo T cell conditioned medium containing colony-stimulating factor (CSF) nor with partially purified, recombinant granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF. However, after induction with DMSO or 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, HL60 cells showed dose-dependent increases in proliferation with crude and purified CSFs. CSF responses and macrophage differentiation were induced in KG1 cells by treatment with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). When cells were exposed to inducing agents for varying periods, washed and exposed to CSF, proliferative responses were related to time of exposure. Cells exposed for 1-4 d showed post-induction CSF-induced proliferation, but cells induced for 5-6 d were inhibited by CSF. Induction of CSF response appeared linked to differentiation, since KG1 cells differentiated with TPA and developed CSF-induced proliferative responses, but showed no differentiation or CSF induced proliferation after treatment with vitamin D3. When HL60 cells were continuously exposed to DMSO or vitamin D3, overall cell production was increased by placenta conditioned medium, but cultures still became senescent and died after several weeks. Cells continuously cultured with DMSO were predominantly macrophages, indicating lineages of DMSO-induced differentiation were modified by continuous culture or the presence of CSF. After treatment with chemical inducers, proliferation of myeloid leukaemia lines is stimulated by CSF, providing a model for post-deterministic regulation of normal and malignant myeloid cell production. PMID- 3491623 TI - Cross-linking of epidermal growth factor receptors in intact cells: detection of initial stages of receptor clustering and determination of molecular weight of high-affinity receptors. AB - A method was developed to label epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors with 125I EGF in whole cells using chemical cross-linking reagents. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved an Mr approximately 180,000 EGF-receptor complex and larger Mr greater than or equal to 360,000 aggregates. The formation of the larger complexes was time and temperature dependent and appeared to represent the initial events of EGF receptor clustering. Alteration of the ratio of 125I-EGF labeled high- (Kd approximately 0.16 nM) and low- (Kd approximately 1.5 nM) affinity complexes by competition with unlabeled EGF or by induction of additional high-affinity sites with dexamethasone suggested that both sites were represented by the Mr approximately 180,000 125I-EGF-receptor complexes. Digestion of cells before cross-linking detected a small population of trypsin resistant Mr approximately 180,000 receptors, which could represent previously described cryptic and/or high-affinity receptors. Few of the Mr approximately 360,000 receptors were trypsin resistant. Glucocorticoid induction of high affinity EGF receptors failed to induce detectable changes in the microclustering of EGF receptors but did result in a 50% increase in EGF-induced receptor phosphorylation in HeLa S3 cell membranes at 4 degrees C. Thus, glucocorticoids increase high-affinity EGF binding sites, EGF-induced receptor phosphorylation, and cell growth. PMID- 3491624 TI - In vivo isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinoids in the eye occurs at the alcohol oxidation state. AB - The vertebrate biochemical pathway for regeneration of visual pigments in the living eye after bleaching is largely uncharacterized. Since isomerization of an all-trans-retinoid to an 11-cis-retinoid could conceivably occur via the aldehyde, alcohol, or ester forms of vitamin A, it is important to determine the oxidation state of the retinoid that is isomerized in vivo. To address this problem, light-adapted rats and frogs were injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of [15-3H]-all-trans-retinol and [15-14C]-all-trans-retinol. After 4 or 24 h of dark adaptation, labeled retinoids in the animal's eyes were analyzed. All rats had the expected 50% loss of 3H label (relative to 14C) in 11-cis retinal, a loss of 3H that must occur when [15-3H]retinol is oxidized to retinal. 11-cis-Retinyl esters in the rats' eyes at 4 h retained 67% of the 3H label, and this could be increased to 81% when the rats were pretreated with 4 methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor known to inhibit dark adaptation. This result demonstrates that retinoid isomerization occurs at the alcohol oxidation state in the rat eye. Had it occurred at the aldehyde oxidation state, at least 50% of the 3H in the 11-cis-retinyl esters would have been lost. The importance of this isomerization pathway is emphasized by the observation that dark-adapting rats whose alcohol dehydrogenase(s) had been inhibited by 4 methylpyrazole had increased amounts of 11-cis-retinyl ester in their eyes relative to control rat eyes, a result that is understandable only if retinoids are isomerized in vivo at the alcohol oxidation state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491626 TI - Regulation of lipoprotein lipase synthesis and 3T3-L1 adipocyte metabolism by recombinant interleukin 1. AB - When fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to purified, recombinant murine interleukin 1 (rIL-1), a dose-dependent suppression of lipoprotein lipase activity was observed. The loss of activity reached a maximum of 60-70% of control and appeared to be due to an effect on the synthesis of the enzyme as judged by a suppression of the ability to incorporate [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable lipoprotein lipase. There was no general effect on protein synthesis as determined by radiolabel incorporation into acid precipitable protein; however, after a 17 h exposure of the 3T3-L1 cells to recombinant interleukin 1, the synthesis of two proteins (molecular weights, 19,400 and 165,000 daltons) was enhanced several-fold. When the effect of Il-1 on the major metabolic pathways of the adipocyte was investigated, lipolysis as measured by glycerol release from the cells was markedly enhanced after a 17 h incubation with the hormone, while no effect was observed on de novo fatty acid synthesis. These effects on the metabolism of the adipocytes occur at concentration on a basis of molecules per cell, similar (only a 3-fold difference) to those required for stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into mouse thymocyte DNA, suggesting that IL-1 may be a physiologically significant effector of adipocyte metabolism. PMID- 3491625 TI - Possible basis for the apparent surface selectivity of the contact activation of human blood coagulation factor XII. AB - The activation of factor XII by the proteases factor XIIa and kallikrein is known to be greatly enhanced by certain negatively charged surfaces. Studies that compared factor XII surface binding to factor XII activation found that binding alone was insufficient to account for surface enhancement of the activation rate. The temperature dependence of the reaction showed unusual behavior that may be related to the conformational change of factor XII following binding; the rate of factor XII activation had a relatively low temperature optimum (0-47 degrees C) that was sensitive to choice of surface and salt concentration. In temperature studies, below 47 degrees C, the decrease in the activation rate was not related to the thermal denaturation of enzyme or substrate, nor to the choice of activator enzyme (factor XIIa or kallikrein), nor to the species of factor XII (human or bovine) but to a behavior, designated a thermal transition, associated with the surface or the protein-surface interaction. The previously reported surface selectivity of contact activation is possible due to the temperature characteristics and other properties of the thermal transition; a surface that has a low-temperature thermal transition and that is highly sensitive to salt will be a "poor" contact surface under the usual choice of reaction conditions (approximately 150 mM ionic strength and 37 degrees C). However, solution conditions were identified that allowed the following negatively charged surfaces to function, in nearly equal potency, in the activation of factor XII: phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, heparin, and 5-kDa dextran sulfate, as well as the previously characterized sulfatide and 500-kDa dextran sulfate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491627 TI - Inositol trisphosphate and calcium mobilisation in permeabilised enterocytes. AB - Saponin-permeabilised epithelial cells isolated by hyalurodinase incubation from chicken small intestine were used to study 45Ca uptake into intracellular stores. At low (6.7 X 10(-7) M) free Ca2+ concentration most of the Ca2+ appears to be taken up into non-mitochondrial stores, whilst the mitochondria seem to play a major role at high (2 X 10(-5) M) Ca2+ concentration. Addition of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) causes a rapid and reversible release of 45Ca from non mitochondrial stores, with a half-maximal effect of approximately 1 microM. PMID- 3491628 TI - Further characterization of a fodrin-containing transmembrane complex from mouse T-lymphoma cells. AB - A transmembrane complex containing fodrin (an actin-binding protein) and a major surface glycoprotein (GP 180) was previously isolated from mouse T-lymphoma cells by the complementary techniques of non-ionic detergent extraction and sucrose gradient centrifugation (Bourguignon et al. (1985) J. Cell Biol. 101, 477-487). The analysis of this complex has been extended to verify the structural association and further define the interaction between fodrin and GP 180. The association between fodrin and GP 180 has been confirmed by the following evidence: co-sedimentation of fodrin and GP 180 in a single peak on a sucrose gradient with a sedimentation coefficient of 20 S; a constant ratio of fodrin and GP 180 across the 20 S peak; the specific co-precipitation of GP 180 with fodrin from the 20 S peak using anti-fodrin antibody; and the colocalization of fodrin and GP 180 from the 20 S peak on actin filaments using an immuno-electron microscopic technique. Furthermore, this fodrin-GP 180 complex can be readily dissociated and reassembled in the presence and absence of 0.6 M NaCl, respectively. The fact that this fodrin-GP 180 complex displays actin-binding ability indicates that this transmembrane complex may play an important role in the linking event between receptors and the cytoskeleton during lymphocyte patching and capping. PMID- 3491629 TI - Inositol trisphosphate stimulates calcium release from peeled skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The effects of inositol phosphates (tris (InsP3), bis (InsP2), mono (InsP)) on rabbit adductor magnus and soleus muscles were determined using mechanically peeled fibers (sarcolemma removed). Isometric force generation of each fiber was continuously monitored and was used along with 45Ca to detect calcium release from internal fiber stores. All experiments were conducted at a physiological Mg2+ concentration (10(-3) M) of the bathing solutions. The inositol phosphates did not directly activate the contractile apparatus. At bath concentrations of 100-300 microM, only InsP3 was capable of stimulating Ca2+ release. In contrast, 1 microM InsP3 maximally and selectively stimulated Ca2+ release when microinjected into the myofilament lattice. Calcium releasing effects of InsP2 and InsP were manifested at 10 microM when they were microinjected. The end-to end internal Ca2+ release and subsequent fiber force generation stimulated by the locally applied microinjected InsP3 suggests that the InsP3-induced Ca2+ release mechanism may involve propagation, but not via the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, since procaine did not inhibit this response. These findings support the possibility that InsP3 plays a role in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 3491630 TI - Computed tomography in affective disorders. Part I. Ventricular and sulcal measurements. AB - Sixty patients with affective illness were examined by computed tomography (CT) and compared to 60 age- and sex-matched controls. Using three different methods of measurement, no differences in ventricular brain ratio (VBR) between patients and controls could be detected. However, linear ventricular values of the frontal horns plus the bicaudate distance (Huckmann number) and the third ventricle were enlarged in the total group of patients. This was also found in subgroups of older, male, psychotic, unipolar, Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) positive, and lithium-treated patients when compared to individually matched controls. Younger, nonpsychotic, female, bipolar, DST-normal and non-lithium-treated patients did not differ from controls. The Huckmann number correlated with the duration of illness, as measured by the first episode and the number of episodes. The comparison between the subgroups of patients yielded higher linear and VBR values in older subjects, in men, and in psychotic subjects, whereas no differences were found in comparisons between unipolar versus bipolar, DST positive versus DST-negative, and lithium-treated versus non-lithium-treated patients. PMID- 3491631 TI - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured in five female anorectic patients, during the anorectic state and after weight gain, using the fluorodeoxyglucose method and positron emission tomography. In addition, these results were compared with those of 15 young male normals. During the anorectic state, significant caudate hypermetabolism was found bilaterally, unlike the finding in repeat measurements or in male normals. In some other brain structures (temporal cortex, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, and brainstem), significant hypermetabolism was also found during the anorectic state, but these results were not concordant for both sides and in both comparisons. There was no difference between patients after improvement and young male normals. PMID- 3491632 TI - Inositol trisphosphate regulation of photoreceptor membrane currents. AB - In previous studies elevation of intracellular Ca2+ was shown to cause prolonged reduction of two voltage-dependent K+ currents (IA and ICa2+-K+) across the membrane of the isolated Hermissenda photoreceptor, the type B cell (Alkon et al., 1982b; Alkon and Sakakibara, 1985). Here we show that iontophoretic injection of inositol trisphosphate (IP3), but not inositol monophosphate, also caused prolonged reduction of IA and ICa2+-K+. IP3 injection also caused reduction of a light-induced K+ current (also ICa2+-K+) but did not affect the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current, ICa2+, or the light-induced inward current, INa+, of the type B cell. IP3 injection caused similar effects on the K+ currents of the other type of Hermissenda photoreceptor, the type A cell. INA+ of the type A cell, unlike that of the type B cell, was, however, markedly increased following IP3 injection. The differences of IP3 effects on the two types of photoreceptors may be related to differences in regulation of ionic currents by endogenous IP3 as reflected by clear differences (before injection) in the magnitude of IA, ICa2+-K+, and INa+ between the two cell types. PMID- 3491633 TI - Buffer power and intracellular pH of frog sartorius muscle. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) and buffer power of frog muscle were measured using pH sensitive microelectrodes under conditions used previously in energy balance experiments because pH strongly influences the molar enthalpy change for phosphocreatine splitting, the major net reaction during brief contractions. The extracellular pH (pHe) of HEPES buffered Ringer's solution influenced pHi, but change in pHi developed slowly. Addition or removal of CO2 or NH3 from the extracellular solution caused a rapid change in pHi. The mean buffer power measured with CO2 was 38.4 mmol.l-1.pH unit-1 (+/- SEM 2.1, n = 49) and with NH3 was 36.2 (+/- SEM 5.5, n = 4) at 20-22 degrees C. At 5 degrees C, in experiments with CO2 the mean buffer power was 40.3 (+/- SEM 2.6, n = 3). For pHi values above approximately 7.0, the observed buffer power was greater than that expected from the values in the literature for the histidine content of intracellular proteins, carnosine and inorganic phosphate in the sarcoplasm. The measured pHi values were similar to those assumed in energy balance calculations, but the high measured buffer power suggests that other buffering reactions occur in addition to those included in energy balance calculations. PMID- 3491635 TI - Hemopoietic stem cell proliferative activity in B-mice under the influence of antigenic stimulation. AB - The influence of thymus dependent and thymus independent antigens on proliferation of CFU-S in B-mice bone marrow was investigated. The process of CFU S proliferative activity increases after the injection of both antigens and is mediated in part by B-lymphocytes. PMID- 3491634 TI - Trapping of an open-channel blocker at the frog neuromuscular acetylcholine channel. AB - At the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine channel (Gurney, A. M., and H. P. Rang, 1984, Br. J. Pharmacol., 82:623-642) and on some cholinergic neuromuscular synapses of Crustacea (Lingle, C., 1983a, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 339:395-417; Lingle, C., 1983b, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 339:419-437), some agents that block cholinergic currents by an open-channel block mechanism appear to become trapped within the channel when it subsequently closes. It is unknown whether trapping of some open-channel blockers might also occur at the neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine channel. Here we show that the long-lived cholinergic blocking action of chlorisondamine, a ganglionic nicotinic blocker, can in part be most simply explained by an open-channel block mechanism followed by a subsequent trapping of the blocking molecule within the closed ion channel. Unique structural characteristics of the chlorisondamine molecule place several provocative constraints on the mechanism by which trapping may be occurring. PMID- 3491636 TI - Lithium augments GM-CSA generation in canine cyclic hematopoiesis. AB - Cyclic hematopoiesis in gray collie dogs can be cured by lithium treatment. We examined the mechanism of lithium's effect by developing an assay for the canine equivalent of GM-CSF (called GM-CSA). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated canine blood mononuclear cells produce GM-CSA in a dose-dependent manner; this GM-CSA stimulates more neutrophil-containing colonies than does endotoxin-treated dog serum. Production of GM-CSA by PHA-stimulated normal dog cells was not altered by lithium. However, cells from gray collies during their neutrophilic period increased their GM-CSA when lithium (2 mEq/L) was added to low doses of PHA, whereas neutropenic gray collie cells did not. These data suggest that lithium could modulate cyclic hematopoiesis by increasing intramedullary GM-CSA at the time when marrow neutrophilic progenitor cells are at their nadir. PMID- 3491637 TI - 7q32-q36 translocations in childhood T cell leukemia: cytogenetic evidence for involvement of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene. AB - Blast cell chromosomal rearrangements involving the long arm of chromosome 7 were identified in eight of 197 cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Breakpoints were variable but tended to cluster in either the proximal or the terminal 7q region, depending on the immunophenotype of the cells. The 7q32-q36 region, the locus of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene, was the site of breakpoints in four of 31 cases of T cell ALL but was not involved in any of the 166 cases originating from B cell precursors (P less than .0004). In three of the four T cell cases it was possible to identify the chromosomal segment that had been translocated to the 7q32-q36 region: 1p32, 2p21, and 6p21. The 1p32 and 6p21 bands are particularly interesting, as they contain the sites of two known protooncogenes, c-L-myc and hpim, respectively. Our findings suggest that the locus of the beta-chain gene of the T cell receptor is a preferential site for certain chromosomal rearrangements in leukemic T lymphoblasts, analogous to the T cell receptor alpha-chain gene on human chromosome 14. Translocation of proto oncogenes to a site near the beta-chain regulatory sequences provides a potential mechanism for oncogene activation. PMID- 3491638 TI - Interaction of ristocetin and bovine plasma with guinea pig megakaryocytes: a means to enrich megakaryocytes based on membrane rather than physical characteristics. AB - We have investigated whether megakaryocytes can be aggregated by ristocetin and bovine plasma and whether such aggregation can be used as a step in the purification of megakaryocytes from marrow cell suspensions. Guinea pig marrow cell suspensions were first enriched for megakaryocytes by density equilibrium centrifugation in continuous Percoll density gradients. The megakaryocyte enriched marrow was stirred in a platelet aggregometer to which ristocetin or bovine plasma was added. Megakaryocytes were aggregated by both ristocetin and bovine plasma with the proportion aggregated being related to the concentration of ristocetin or bovine plasma. Maximal aggregation (greater than 90% of megakaryocytes) was achieved with 2.0 mg/mL ristocetin or 5% bovine plasma and required five minutes. All maturation stages of morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes were aggregated. The megakaryocyte aggregates were separated from the marrow suspension by sedimentation at 1 g and the megakaryocytes disaggregated by dilution with media (ristocetin aggregated) or addition of dextran sulfate (bovine plasma aggregated). Megakaryocyte purity and recovery were higher with bovine plasma than with ristocetin. A mean of 92% of the megakaryocytes in the bovine plasma aggregated cell suspensions were recovered with megakaryocytes constituting an average of 76% of the final cell suspensions. The viability as well as the diameters and DNA content distribution of these megakaryocytes were similar to those of the starting population. We conclude that guinea pig megakaryocytes behave like platelets in that they can be aggregated with ristocetin or bovine plasma and that megakaryocyte aggregation induced by ristocetin or bovine plasma provides a means to enrich these cells based on membrane rather than physical characteristics. This approach yields purified megakaryocyte populations that are representative of those in unfractionated marrow. PMID- 3491639 TI - Thrombocytopoietic response to immunothrombocytopenia in nude mice. AB - Thrombocytopoiesis was evaluated in T cell-deficient nu/nu mice and in T cell replete nu/+ controls to determine if abnormalities would be associated with the deficiency of T cells. Mice were studied in the unperturbed steady state and after acute immunothrombocytopenia was induced by an injection of guinea pig antimouse platelet serum (APS). The state of thrombocytopoiesis was determined from platelet counts, megakaryocyte size, megakaryocyte number, and numbers of Meg-CFC. Splenic lymphocytes were evaluated by response to the mitogens bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A). Hematocrits, reticulocyte counts, leukocyte counts, marrow cellularity, GM-CFC, and BFU-E also were measured. Steady state thrombocytopoiesis was identical in nu/nu and nu/+ mice. In response to an injection of APS, acute thrombocytopenia was followed by macromegakaryocytosis and rebound thrombocytosis in mice of both genotypes. Splenic Meg-CFC increased in nude mice after APS or an injection of normal guinea pig serum (NGpS), and splenic GM-CFC increased after APS. Neither Meg-CFC nor GM-CFC increased in the spleens of nu/+ mice, but they showed early transient increases in bone marrow that did not occur in nu/nu mice. Sporadic, but weak, mitogenic responses to PHA or Con A were occasionally observed with nu/nu spleen cells, but these did not correlate with the state of thrombocytopoiesis. The results demonstrated that platelet production was normal in nu/nu mice and that megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production responded to the stimulus imposed by acute immunothrombocytopenia. Increases in megakaryocyte size and platelet production occurred independently of changes in numbers of Meg CFC, GM-CFC, or BFU-E. A normal complement of T cells appears to be unnecessary for normal platelet production and its augmentation in response to the stimulus of acute immunothrombocytopenia in vivo. PMID- 3491641 TI - Effect of human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on hematopoietic injury in mice induced by 5-fluorouracil. AB - Intravenous (IV) administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) caused severe hematopoietic injury in mice. Daily administration of purified human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) accelerated recovery from neutropenia in these injured mice. Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) in spleen were markedly increased by rG-CSF, while rG-CSF was less effective on the regeneration of CFU-GM in femoral marrow. The accelerated recovery from neutropenia in the mice might be mainly due to the stimulation of granulopoiesis in spleen by rG-CSF. PMID- 3491640 TI - Regulation of early human hematopoietic (BFU-E and CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells in vitro by interleukin 1-induced fibroblast-conditioned medium. AB - Stimulators of human erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) and multipotential colony-forming cells (CFU-GEMM) can be produced by a number of different cell types. A product of human peripheral blood monocytes, interleukin 1 (IL-1), was evaluated for its ability to stimulate fibroblast cultures to produce stimulators of human bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GEMM colony formation. BFU-E and CFU-GEMM colony formation was evaluated using low-density, nonadherent low-density, and T lymphocyte-depleted nonadherent low-density human bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of a source of pure human erythropoietin. Both human monocyte conditioned medium (MCM) and human recombinant IL-1 (hrIL-1) induced fibroblasts to produce stimulators of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM in a dose-dependent fashion with maximal colony formation occurring when fibroblasts were stimulated by 25% MCM or 140 ng/mL ROO6B hrIL-1, or 1.25 to 5 ng/mL ROO6T hrIL-1. Preincubation of MCM and hrIL-1 with an antibody to IL-1 inactivated the ability of MCM and hrIL-1 to induce the release of erythroid and multipotential colony stimulating activity from fibroblasts. These results suggest that monocyte-derived IL-1 is involved in regulating the production of humoral stimulators of early human hematopoietic progenitors. PMID- 3491643 TI - Evidence for chemical differences in HLA-DR molecules on autologous acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - HLA-DR molecules on autologous acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B lymphoblastoid cell lines from two individuals were compared by immune precipitation and gel electrophoresis. Cells were surface labeled with 125I and proteins immunoprecipitated with specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). Two electrophoretically distinct bands were found in the HLA-DR beta chain region on both ALL cell lines in contrast to only one on each of the autologous B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the alpha chains were also observed with ALL and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from one individual. Preclearing of radiolabeled cell lysates with MoAb specific for HLA DQ and -DP molecules demonstrated that the complexity of the HLA-DR pattern is not the result of antibody cross-reactivity with alpha and beta chains from other class II products. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that two beta chain bands are observed with each of the parental HLA-DR molecules on the ALL but not the B-lymphoblastoid cell line from an HLA-DR3,7-positive individual. We conclude that the HLA-DR molecules expressed on ALL and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from the same individual can differ chemically. Neuraminidase treatment reduced these electrophoretic differences, indicating that these molecules differ in their sialic acid content. Since small changes in class II molecules can profoundly alter cellular interactions, the functional significance of these differences requires further investigation. PMID- 3491642 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression can precede T cell receptor beta chain and gamma chain rearrangement in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The nuclear enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is thought to contribute to the diversity of certain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements through the addition of random nucleotides at their variable (V) joining (J) region junctions. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with an immature T cell phenotype (CD7+, CD5+, CD1+/-, CD2+/-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-) was found to be TdT+ with germline immunoglobulin heavy chain, T cell receptor beta chain, and T cell gamma chain genes. The data indicate that TdT expression can precede T gamma and T beta rearrangement during T lymphoid ontogeny consistent with its proposed association with the T cell receptor rearrangement process. Southern analysis of certain cases of T-ALL may not result in the detection of a monoclonal population of cells. PMID- 3491644 TI - The humoral regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in vivo. AB - We examined the effects of the urinary extracts from aplastic anemia (AA) patients, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, and normal subjects on murine megakaryocyte/platelet production in vivo and in vitro. In the first study, single doses of AA urinary protein (65%-90% ethanol precipitate) were individually injected intraperitoneally into rats and mice. Blood platelet counts in rats increased significantly 24 hours after the injection. Total megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-Meg) in mouse spleens increased by 24 hours postinjection, peaked at 48 hours and returned to normal levels at 96 hours. Changes in the number of megakaryocyte colonies showed similar patterns of increasing, peaking and returning to normal levels postinjection. In the second study, we compared the effects of some urinary extracts on murine megakaryocyte/platelet production. These observations provided the evidence that AA urinary extracts contain a factor that directly stimulates megakaryocyte progenitor cell proliferation in mouse spleen in vivo as well as the release of platelets from megakaryocytes, and ITP urinary extracts do not contain increased levels of Meg-CSF and/or some other factor that directly stimulates CFU-Meg in vivo, and the decreased blood platelet mass that is clinically characteristic of ITP is not a primary in vivo determinant of the elaboration of these factors. PMID- 3491646 TI - [Cloudy central corneal dystrophy]. PMID- 3491645 TI - Hormones in breast fluid. PMID- 3491647 TI - [Primary amyloidosis of the granular, non-latticed cornea]. PMID- 3491648 TI - [Candida endophthalmia]. PMID- 3491649 TI - The significance of increasing caesarean section rates. AB - Obstetric intervention has been the subject of much recent criticism from both the medical profession and consumer groups who point to increasing caesarean section rates and question their justification. This article examines the indications for caesarean section and assesses the relative benefits and disadvantages. PMID- 3491650 TI - The significance of AIDS in obstetric practice. AB - No speciality is unaffected by the "AIDS epidemic," and the obstetric implications of HTLV3 (HIV) infection are not clear. Maternity units should have a protocol for screening and for management of the seropositive patient, but staff should be aware that the risks to themselves in caring for such women are extremely low. PMID- 3491651 TI - Computed tomographic density numbers. A comparative study of patients with senile dementia and normal elderly controls. AB - Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 48 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 40 normal elderly volunteers were compared. The demented group were found to have significantly larger lateral ventricles assessed planimetrically and by using a linear measure of the ratio of the maximum width of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles to the maximum intracranial diameter. Attenuation density was computed for 15 brain regions. The demented group did not differ significantly from the normal controls with respect to attenuation density in any of the regions studied. PMID- 3491652 TI - Blind total gastrectomy for massive bleeding from the stomach. AB - The source of massive haemorrhage from the stomach cannot always be identified even with the use of fibreoptic endoscopy and angiography. Six patients with massive, continuing, non-variceal haemorrhage from the stomach are described in whom total gastrectomy was eventually required. Three patients were shown to have bled from submucosal arteriovenous malformations, two from erosive gastritis and one from a vessel in an ulcer at the oesophagogastric junction. One patient died as a result of surgery and another died later of disseminated malignant disease. The functional results in the remaining patients were surprisingly good and rebleeding has not occurred. Total gastrectomy is a satisfactory 'last resort' treatment for life-threatening gastric haemorrhage for which no cause can be found. PMID- 3491653 TI - TENS after hernia repair. PMID- 3491654 TI - Clinical factors in the prediction of further haemorrhage or mortality in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - Data collected prospectively from 326 admissions for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage were examined to identify factors predicting further haemorrhage or mortality. Seven predictive factors were identified by univariate analysis for both further haemorrhage and/or mortality, but only age over 60 years, an admission haemoglobin less than 8 g/dl and the presence of endoscopic stigmata of recent haemorrhage were shown by stepwise logistic regression to have independent significance for further haemorrhage. An age over 60 years, the presence of clinical shock on admission and an episode of further haemorrhage following admission emerged as independently significant in the prediction of mortality. PMID- 3491655 TI - Effects of thalamic stroke on energy metabolism of the cerebral cortex. A positron tomography study in man. AB - Positron emission tomography was used to study the effects of unilateral vascular thalamic lesions on cortical oxygen and glucose utilization in 10 patients. There was significant ipsilateral cortex hypometabolism in 9 of the 10 patients, affecting the whole cortical mantle diffusely. The only patient spared was free of neuropsychological deficit at the time of positron emission tomography. In 4 patients, the magnitude of ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism was significantly less at a follow-up PET study, when neuropsychological function had improved. When taken together, the 14 studies showed a significant tendency for the hypometabolism to improve with time after clinical onset. These data suggest that the ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism results from damage to the thalamocortical connections and reflect either loss of nonspecific activating afferences or a degenerative deafferentation-deafferentation process, or both. Its links with the concept of diaschisis are suggested by its tendency to recover. A causal relationship between cortical hypometabolism and neuropsychological deficit, however, although strongly suggested, cannot be firmly established from the present data. PMID- 3491657 TI - Anesthesia. PMID- 3491658 TI - Legal implications of the extra-label use of drugs in food animals. AB - Although the Food and Drug Administration has never sanctioned the extra-label use of drugs in animals, it has not, until recently, objected when veterinarians deviated from label instructions as long as such use did not result in violative residues in food products derived from treated animals. However, because of the potential human health hazards associated with abuse of this position, the FDA has developed a less lenient policy toward the extra-label use of drugs in food animals. A brief review of the legislated responsibility and authority of the FDA with particular reference to the extra-label use of drugs in food animals is provided. Emphasis is placed on how anesthetics and anesthesia adjuncts in food animals can pose human health hazards. PMID- 3491659 TI - Anesthesia for rabbits. AB - The author discusses techniques of anesthesia in rabbits as well as characteristics of rabbits that may influence the administration and effectiveness of anesthesia. PMID- 3491660 TI - Anesthesia for fish. AB - In fish, the most common purpose of anesthesia is to facilitate handling for physical examination and diagnostic sampling. Fish may also be transported to new locations more safely having been sedated. The author describes techniques of anesthesia in fish as well as the biologic characteristics of fish. PMID- 3491656 TI - Growth control in cerebral microvessel-derived endothelial cells. AB - Endothelial (En) cells derived from the cerebral microvasculature were examined for their growth control properties. These cells were shown to be growth responsive to fetal bovine serum and arrested growth if serum was removed. They lend themselves to studies in chemically defined media since they survive well in serum-free medium with little or no proliferation. These cerebral microvessel En cells also respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), unlike some other endothelial cells. Similar to other endothelial cells, the En cells responded to fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The response to EGF and PDGF occurred in serum-free media, but only if both agents were present. The cells further responded mitogenically to conditioned media obtained from transformed endothelial cells. The En cells were found to bind EGF and displayed two orders of affinity as determined by Scatchard analysis, depending upon whether the cells were in confluent or subconfluent conditions. The data indicate that some endothelial cells respond to EGF and PDGF and that one mechanism for growth control of endothelial cells may be an ability to regulate high-affinity growth factor receptors for epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3491661 TI - Helminth immunity and vaccines in sheep. AB - Vaccination of domestic animal species against various parasitic helminths using attenuated parasites or nonliving parasitic material is possible. Improved prospects for vaccines composed of somatic and metabolic parasite components hinge on the isolation and characterization of helminth protective antigens and their synthesis by modern bioengineering techniques. Vaccination strategies beg an understanding of the host's immune effector mechanisms for their most efficient prolonged stimulation. Parameters of importance are antigen dose, frequency of and interval between doses, use of liposomes or other antigen delivery vehicles, and the use and choice of adjuvants. PMID- 3491662 TI - Endothelium-dependent relaxation and experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit aorta. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether the production or release of the endothelium-dependent relaxatory factor is impaired in atherosclerotic New Zealand White rabbits. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding a diet containing 2% cholesterol for 6 weeks. The production or release of endothelium-dependent relaxatory factor was assayed as follows. A 5-cm length of aorta donor was perfused with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer and the perfusate drained over a deendothelialized ring of recipient aorta set up for recording isometric tension. The recipient was precontracted with norepinephrine (0.2 mumol/L) in the perfusate. When acetylcholine was added to the perfusate, the recipient relaxed in a dose-dependent manner. This assay was used to compare the relaxatory responses produced in recipient rings by adding acetylcholine to donors from atherosclerotic and control rabbits. The relaxation produced by atherosclerotic donors were smaller than those generated by control donors (16.5 +/- 4.9 vs. 32.7 +/- 5.3%; n = 10, p less than 0.05). It is suggested that in atherosclerotic rabbits the ability of aortic endothelium to produce or release endothelium dependent relaxatory factor is impaired. PMID- 3491663 TI - Cognitive assessment in Alzheimer's disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. AB - This paper describes select results of a longitudinal study of 62 mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, in comparison to 60 age-matched healthy controls. Initial neurologic, radiologic, psychiatric, laboratory and cognitive examinations, required two full days, followed by one-day examinations at annual intervals. Of the total original sample, 31 AD patients and 39 controls could actually be followed for three annual examinations. Cognitive examination data confirmed cross-sectional (group discriminative) validity of memory and language measures, and showed the expected longitudinal deterioration in the AD sample, with controls maintaining consistent performance over the three years. However, those measures showing largest group differences at initial examination were not the best for tracking patient deterioration over time. Implications of these results for the selection of cognitive assessment measures are discussed. PMID- 3491664 TI - Alzheimer's disease: metabolic uncoupling of associative brain regions. AB - Evidence indicates that Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes functional disconnection of neocortical association areas. In midly demented AD patients without measurable neocortically-mediated cognitive abnormalities, positron emission tomography demonstrates reduced parietal lobe glucose metabolism and left/right metabolic asymmetries in neocortical association areas. Similar metabolic abnormalities occur in moderately demented patients, but are accompanied by appropriate language and visuospatial discrepancies. Left/right metabolic asymmetries correspond with reduced numbers of partial correlations between metabolic rates in homologous right and left regions, and in the frontal and parietal cortices, indicating metabolic uncoupling among these regions. The affected association regions are those which demonstrate Alzheimer-type neuropathology post-mortem. PMID- 3491665 TI - Quantitative X-ray computed tomography (CT) in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). AB - Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) has proven to be difficult to diagnose using computerized X-ray tomography (CT). To improve the identification of DAT with CT, several different quantitative approaches have been tried. Brain parenchymal density measurements and a variety of linear indices of ventricular size have failed to reliably separate DAT patients from age matched controls. Measures of ventricular volume improve discrimination, but overlap with controls persists. The inadequacy of a single CT study to diagnose DAT is clearly related to the overlap of brain atrophy in DAT and healthy aging, a finding which has also been noted in post-mortem studies. Estimating the rate of ventricular enlargement from quantitative measurements of ventricular size on successive CT scans may allow the physician to take advantage of the progressive nature of DAT, improving separation of DAT patients from healthy controls. PMID- 3491666 TI - Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass grafts and smoking. AB - Follow-up angiography was performed at selected intervals on 340 men who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. There were 1160 grafts, but 112 were excluded from study because they occluded shortly after the operation. After 5 years 115 patients were smokers and 225 were nonsmokers. The mean number of grafts per patient was similar in the two groups. We classified each graft according to irregularities in graft outlines and graft patency and found disease free grafts in 39% of the smokers and 52% of the nonsmokers; the proportion of diseased or occluded grafts was greater in the smokers than in the nonsmokers. Our results do not identify the effect of smoking cessation after bypass surgery, but they do suggest that men who continue to smoke are at significantly greater risk of atherosclerosis and occlusion than nonsmoking men. PMID- 3491667 TI - Hepatitis B viral infection in Shanghai and its prevention. PMID- 3491668 TI - Psychological response to mastectomy. A prospective comparison study. Psychological aspects of Breast Cancer Study Group. AB - This study reports data from 412 women prospectively studied over a 1-year period from five collaborating centers: one group had modified radical mastectomy for Stages I and II breast cancer, 145; cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease, 90; biopsy for benign breast disease, 87; and healthy women, 90. All were between the ages of 30 and 70 years, without pre-existing psychiatric illness and absence of current physical illness. All women were seen initially within 3 months of surgery. Data were analyzed from structured interviews, speech samples, and questionnaire responses which measured presence and degree of psychopathological symptoms, mood, physical complaints, self-esteem, and quality of interpersonal relationships. Principal components analysis was used to generate seven identifiable factors which were analyzed by MANOVA (multiple analysis of variance). Women with breast cancer showed greater psychological distress related to social and interpersonal relationships. More distress was seen in women with Stage II disease, and they also had more negative attitudes toward self and the future, concern with physical symptoms, anxiety, strain, and interpersonal difficulties. They did not, however, show any greater signs of psychopathological symptoms severe enough to warrant psychiatric intervention than the other groups over the year following surgery. The findings suggest that healthy women without prior psychiatric disorder or concurrent physical illness experienced some post surgical distress, primarily in psychosocial functioning which was more than that in women after cholecystectomy or biopsy, but severe psychopathological symptoms over the year following surgery were conspicuously absent. These data do not support the belief that severe psychiatric sequelae follow a mastectomy in psychologically healthy women. PMID- 3491669 TI - Occurrence of particular isoenzymes in fresh and cultured leukemia-lymphoma cells. III. Esterase isoenzyme in monocytes. AB - The expression of a particular alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase isoenzyme which is specific for monocytes was examined in a panel of cultured leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (n = 88), freshly obtained leukemia-lymphoma cells (n = 527), and in fresh (n = 10) and cultured (n = 22) leukemia cells treated with the phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The sodium fluoride-sensitive isoenzyme was separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The esterase isoenzyme was not detected in untreated or TPA-treated lymphoid, erythroid, or Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines, but was seen in leukemia cell lines of monocytic origin. TPA induced the new expression of this marker isoenzyme in two leukemia cell lines of promyelocytic and erythroid origin that are known to differentiate along the monocytic-macrophage cell lineage; TPA stimulation increased the staining intensity of the band in monocytoid cell lines. This esterase isoenzyme was found in 92% of the cases classified morphologically as acute myelomonocytic or monocytic leukemia, but only in 3% of the non-monocytic acute myeloid leukemias. All lymphoid or erythroid leukemias or lymphomas were negative. Treatment with TPA of AML and CML cells, which commonly differentiate to monocyte/macrophage-like cells, showed de novo the monocyte specific isoenzyme. It is concluded that this isoenzyme is a characteristic marker for monocytic leukemia cells and will be a useful tool for the discriminatory identification of the monocytic element in normal and leukemic cells. PMID- 3491670 TI - Cytogenetic studies in hairy cell leukemia. AB - Cytogenetic analyses were performed on cells from 17 patients with hairy cell leukemia stimulated with polyclonal B-cell activators (in 155 different cultures). No mitosis was obtained in samples from four cases (23.5%). Of 14 bone marrows, four (28.6%) showed mitoses, two with clonal abnormalities. All four samples from the spleen had mitoses with four clonal changes; eight of 13 (37.5%) blood samples had mitoses with three clonal changes. Of the polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA), lipopolysaccharide and protein A seemed to be effective for the detection of clonal abnormalities in hairy cell leukemia. Among the clonal aberrations, chromosomes #3, #10, and #17 were affected in two cases each; frequent numerical changes were monosomies of #10 and #17 and structural changes were deletions at band 3p21 (two cases), 6q-, and der(9)t(9;?)(p22;?). The chromosomal bands involved in structural changes were close to accepted constitutive fragile sites. PMID- 3491671 TI - Chromosome abnormalities involving band 13q14 in hematologic malignancies. AB - Fifteen patients with hematologic disorders showed abnormalities involving chromosome band 13q14. Nine patients had an interstitial deletion of this band, similar to that reported in some retinoblastoma tumors and as a constitutional abnormality in a small proportion of cases of familial retinoblastoma. In five patients, band 13q14 was involved in translocations and in one case there was a deletion of one chromosome #13 and a translocation involving the homologous #13. The diagnosis in the majority of our patients (11 of 15) was chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In these patients the abnormalities were detected in cultures stimulated with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). It is possible that the utilization of this agent is a fundamental requirement for the reliable demonstration of abnormalities involving 13q14 in patients with B-cell malignancies. The incidence of abnormalities involving 13q14 and their significance in the development of neoplasias, other than retino-blastoma, is discussed. PMID- 3491672 TI - Karyotypic evolution in a B-cell lymphoma. AB - A B-cell lymphoma in the lung of a 59-year-old woman showed a near-pentaploid karyotype and chromosomal changes indicating a t(8;14) in cells from a pleural aspirate. Cells from metastases to the skin and a second pleural aspirate were pseudodiploid, but showed separate further complex cytogenetic changes. Among these was a 14q+ chromosome, but the #8 chromosomes apparently were normal. It is suggested that there was a loss of the derivative 8q- chromosome from the t(8;14) followed by homozygozity of the normal #8 chromosome. PMID- 3491673 TI - Functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating into tumors: lysis of autologous human tumor cells by cultured infiltrating lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes separated from surgically resected tumor tissue, uninvolved lung tissue, and peripheral blood of lung cancer patients were investigated for cytotoxic potential and analyzed for their phenotypes at the time of surgery and after having been propagated for 4 to 5 wk in the presence of interleukin-2. Most of the tumor lymphocyte infiltrates examined were shown to have a shift in favor of T8 subsets from those found in peripheral blood. No natural killer activity and low cytotoxicity against the autologous tumor were found to characterize the tumor-derived lymphocyte population. Propagation of lymphocytes from the different tissues of the cancer patient in the presence of interleukin-2 preparation induced widespread lytic activity against K562 cells, autologous and allogeneic tumors, but not autologous normal lung or lymphoblasts. However, cytotoxic activity against autologous tumor cells exerted by cultured tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher than the activity of cultured lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood or uninvolved lung tissue of the same patient. The elevated lytic activity of cells derived from the tumor tissue indicates the accumulation at the tumor site of precursors of natural killer-like cells and specifically stimulated antitumor effectors. Our results suggest the coexistence of two types of anti-autotumor cytotoxic lymphocytes at the tumor site: natural killer-like and specific cytotoxic T-cells. PMID- 3491674 TI - Immunoregulatory markers in rats carrying Dunning R3327 H, G, or MAT-LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma variants. AB - The Dunning R3327 tumor represents a system for studying prostate cancer in Copenhagen X Fischer rats. Animals bearing variant sublines (H, G, and MAT-LyLu) differing in growth rate, differentiation, hormone responsiveness, and metastatic ability were assayed for three immunological markers. Spleens were passed through a tissue sieve, and mononuclear cells were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. These were assayed for leukocytic subsets using monoclonal antibodies. An adherent population was isolated and evaluated using thin-layer chromatography for conversion of radiolabeled arachidonic acid to E series prostaglandins. Finally, sera from these animals were assayed for levels of circulating immune complexes using polyethylene glycol precipitation. Data from 52 rats bearing the various tumors were obtained, correlated with subline aggressiveness, and compared to 15 controls. Each tumor group demonstrated significantly lower helper/suppressor T-cell ratios than controls, probably due to general tumor presence. In addition, the most aggressive R3327 MAT-LyLu variant had significantly increased prostaglandin E synthesis by adherent spleen cells compared to the H or G sublines and significantly increased levels of circulating immune complexes relative to the H subline. G subline values for both prostaglandin E and circulating immune complexes levels were intermediate, suggesting that these markers correlate better with tumor aggressiveness than helper/suppressor T-cell ratios. PMID- 3491675 TI - Enhancement of therapeutic effects of recombinant interleukin 2 on a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma by the use of a sustained release vehicle, pluronic gel. AB - We have tested the feasibility of pluronic F-127 gel (PLF-127; a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene surface active block copolymer) as a sustained release vehicle for topical administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in order to enhance the therapeutic effects of IL-2 against a rat fibrosarcoma, KMT-17. Injection of human DNA recombinant IL-2 (3 X 10(4) units s.c.) in 30% (w/w) PLF-127 into rats provided detectable serum IL-2 levels for up to 10 h, while injection of IL-2 alone provided detectable IL-2 levels for 3 h. When, following s.c. inoculation with 1 X 10(5) KMT-17 tumor cells into rats, IL-2 (6 X 10(4) units/day) in PLF 127 gels was injected s.c. around the growing tumor inoculum every 2 days for 10 days from Day 1 to Day 19, the survival days of rats were more prolonged [mean survival day, 32.3 +/- 5.4 (SD)] as compared with that of rats treated with saline [20.7 +/- 2.1] than mean survival days of rats treated with IL-2 alone [27.3 +/- 4.5] or PLF-127 alone [22.9 +/- 3.3]. Moreover, the span of mean survival days of rats treated with IL-2 in PLF-127 locally (31.7 +/- 5.9) was much longer than that of rats given IL-2 in PLF-127 systemically (22.8 +/- 3.4). By means of a Winn assay, stronger tumor neutralizing activities were observed in regional lymph node cells obtained from tumor bearing rats treated with IL-2 in PLF-127 than were observed in lymph node cells from rats treated with IL-2 alone or PLF-127 alone (percentage of inhibition, 90.3, 12.2, and -15.5%, respectively). The therapeutic effects of IL-2 were thus found to be consistent with the antitumor activity in regional lymph node cells. These results suggest that the enhanced therapeutic effects of IL-2 in PLF-127 are due to enhancement of antitumor immune responses induced by sustained IL-2 activity at the tumor sites. PMID- 3491676 TI - Biological effect of epidermal growth factor on the in vitro growth of human tumors. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the in vitro growth of 186 malignant human tumor specimens (45 melanomas, 32 sarcomas, and 56 lung, 16 gynecological, 14 breast, 12 genitourinary, and 11 gastrointestinal carcinomas) was evaluated in the cellular adhesive matrix human tumor culture system supplemented with transferrin, insulin, hydrocortisone, and estradiol. EGF increased tumor growth by at least 50% in 81% of the 186 tumors and by over 100% in 54%. The enhanced growth induced by EGF was related to an accelerated cellular division independent of tumor type and not to an increase in the actual number of clonogenic units. The drug concentrations of cell cycle-independent Adriamycin and cisplatin needed to achieve a 90% tumor cell kill were not altered by the responsiveness of the tumor to EGF. PMID- 3491677 TI - Transformation of Epstein-Barr virus immortalized human B-cells by chemical carcinogens. AB - Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized human lymphocytes were used to analyze the transition from the benign hyperproliferative to the malignant transformed state. Treatment with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, a potent frameshift mutagen, induced conversion of the Epstein-Barr virus immortalized lymphocytes into high grade "immunoblastic lymphomas" on injection into athymic mice, whereas injection of the untreated, original cells did not. The tumor cells were all of the B-cell lineage as determined by the presence of surface immunoglobulins and antigens detected by B-cell specific antibodies to B1 and B4, and the absence of the T cell-specific markers, 3A1 and LEU-1. The N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-induced tumor lines displayed abnormal diploid to tetraploid karyotypes. The fewest chromosomal rearrangement, excluding tetraploidy, observed in these chemically induced lymphomas involved a deletion in chromosome 6, and additions on both chromosomes 16 and 4. Neither major rearrangements nor amplifications were found for K-ras, H-ras, N-ras, c-myc, Blym, and c-myb in these tumor lines. PMID- 3491678 TI - Combined immunochemotherapy of human solid tumors in nude mice. AB - In vivo immunochemotherapy of human solid tumors was studied in a nude mouse model. Large tumors (3 to 6 cm3) were induced by s.c. injection of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia T-cell line CEM. Transient tumor inhibition could be achieved by intratumoral injection of an intact-ricin immunotoxin that specifically recognizes a determinant CD5 (T,p67) expressed on the cell surface. Injection of the in vitro active cyclophosphamide congener mafosfamid had little effect on the progression of tumor growth. A combination regimen of immunotoxin and mafosfamid induced the most dramatic antitumor effect; a 72 to 100% reduction in tumor volume was observed within 3 to 4 days posttreatment. However, tumors relapsed within 5 to 13 days. Persistent, tumor regression was observed only when protocols using successive injections of combined immunotoxin/mafosfamid were used. All seven mice undergoing this treatment had a precipitous decrease in tumor size, and 86% survived greater than 30 days posttreatment. No residual tumor was detectable on Day 30 in five of seven mice. Regression was partly attributed to the selective activity of immunotoxin, since successive injections of an irrelevant control immunotoxin coupled to ricin in combination with mafosfamid did not reduce tumor size. Thus, we have demonstrated that a combination of anticancer chemotherapy and immunotoxin therapy yielded a greater antitumor effect than either therapy alone. PMID- 3491679 TI - A survey of some formal models in tumor immunology. AB - Computer technology has acquired an important role in structuring a variety of biological systems. The availability of modern powerful computers has stimulated the development of good and accurate models of biological systems. Biological systems, such as the immune response against cancer, are complex and it is difficult to experimentally control all the interacting elements constituting the immune response of a host to cancer. Complex biosystems do not always behave or act as expected during experimental investigation. In these cases computer models can be helpful in understanding the behavior of such complex systems. The purpose of this review is to consider the use of mathematical models to study the immune response against cancer. The logic and design of some operable models relevant for tumor immunology will be discussed. Special attention is given to the conceptualization of a model based upon a new hypothesis of tumor rejection presented by De Weger et al. [10]. Technical details concerning the mathematical aspects, differential equations, details on hardware and software package etc. are not included in this survey. These details are contained to in the original papers. PMID- 3491680 TI - Recruitment of inflammatory cells to a tumor deposit potentiates the immunotherapeutic effects of interleukin-2. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent immunotherapeutic agent in murine models of intraperitoneal, pulmonary, and hepatic tumor implantation. Because of the systemic toxicity documented at doses of IL-2 required to control tumor growth, potentiation of the effects of low dose IL-2 is an important problem in immunotherapy. To address this problem, we attempted to recruit lymphocytes into a tumor mass. Allogeneic P185 (H-2d) tumor was mixed with MCA-105 (H-2b) tumor and injected s. c. into C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. Mice were treated with 50,000 units of IL-2 twice daily from day 0 to day 6. When IL-2 alone was used to treat s. c. tumor, there was no reduction in the size of tumor implants. When allogeneic tumor was mixed with syngeneic tumor, there was a reduction in tumor size at the high dose of allogeneic tumor but not at the low dose. When allogeneic tumor was mixed with syngeneic tumor and the mice treated with IL-2, the immunotherapeutic effects of IL-2 were markedly increased. These studies show that an immune response to alloantigens, generated within tumor tissue can augment the immunotherapeutic effects of exogenous IL-2. PMID- 3491682 TI - [Peroperative myocardial infarct: influence of collateral circulation]. PMID- 3491681 TI - Inhibition of in vitro LAK generation by OK-432. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro effect of OK-432 on interleukin-2-(IL-2) induced lymphokine activated killer (LAK) generation, and especially to test whether OK-432 can substitute for IL-2 or act in synergism with IL-2 for activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Surprisingly, our results showed that the addition of OK-432 to 4-day LAK activation cultures significantly inhibited both the generation of cytotoxic effectors to the natural killer (NK) resistant Daudi cell line and the proliferative responses of lymphocytes in a dose dependent manner. The inhibition of activation was total at 0.5 KE/ml of OK 432, a dose which was still effective in augmenting NK activity against K562. The addition of penicillin G potassium (PCGk), which is contained in OK-432 at a concentration of 134,700 units/mg of dried cocci, to the LAK culture system also inhibited LAK generation at equivalent concentrations as contained in the OK-432 preparation. This inhibition of LAK generation by OK-432 was significantly eliminated by dialysis of OK-432. These results indicated that the inhibition of LAK generation was partly due to PCGk contained in the OK-432 preparation, and that OK-432 did not act synergistically with IL-2 in standard LAK activation systems. PMID- 3491683 TI - [Changes in heart metabolism (lactate) after aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 3491684 TI - Haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex in human plasma inhibits endothelium dependent relaxation: evidence that endothelium derived relaxing factor acts as a local autocoid. AB - Endothelium dependent relaxation of isometrically mounted rabbit aortic strip preparations was rapidly inhibited by human plasma at dilutions down to 1:1000. Gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography were used to demonstrate that this inhibitory activity was present in fractions containing haptoglobin. Purified haptoglobin itself possessed no inhibitory action against endothelium dependent relaxation, but the haptoglobin-haemoglobin complex did, consistent with the documented ability of haemoglobin to inhibit this phenomenon. The concentration of haemoglobin normally bound to haptoglobin is sufficient to account for the inhibitory properties of human plasma. This suggests that endothelium derived relaxing factor exerts no downstream intravascular effect in vivo and thus that its physiological dilator role is that of a local autocoid acting on subjacent smooth muscle. PMID- 3491685 TI - Calcium antagonists and adenine nucleotide metabolism in rat heart. AB - Attempts to identify mechanisms by which calcium antagonists might influence intracellular metabolism have not yet yielded conclusive findings. In this study bepridil, verapamil, nifedipine, and nisoldipine were found to have no influence on the rate of rat heart myosin adenosine triphosphatase or the calcium dependence of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. None of these calcium antagonists alters the rate of reaction of any of the adenine nucleotide catabolic or adenosine salvage enzymes, adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, or 5' nucleotidase, in extracts of rat heart. All four compounds, however, reduced, apparently in a non-specific manner, the rate of uptake of adenosine by myocytes isolated from rat heart. It is concluded that calcium antagonists may, through intercalation with the sarcolemmal membrane, inhibit efflux of adenosine formed by catabolism of adenine nucleotides in ischaemic myocytes. This might offer therapeutic advantage since the intracellular concentration of adenosine would thereby be increased, allowing an increased rate of incorporation of adenosine into the adenosine triphosphate pool in reoxygenated myocardium. PMID- 3491686 TI - Binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor in human uterus. AB - Quantitative light-microscopic autoradiography was used on five human uteri at two different phases of the menstrual cycle to ascertain the cell types with binding sites for epidermal growth factor (EGF). The results revealed that stromal cells, glandular epithelium of endometrium, elongated and circular muscle cells of myometrium, smooth muscle and endothelial cells of arterioles in the basal endometrium and myometrium contained numerous silver grains following incubation with 125I-EGF. Coincubation with 100-fold excess unlabeled EGF resulted in a complete disappearance of silver grains from all cell types. Quantitative grain analysis indicated that stromal cells contained the highest number of EGF-binding sites (P less than 0.05) with no significant differences among the others (P greater than 0.05). There was no cyclic variation of EGF binding to any of the uterine cell types. The present data demonstrate that all the cell types of human uterus, including arterioles, contain EGF-binding sites. This suggests that all the cells in human uterus subserving different functions are targets of EGF action. PMID- 3491688 TI - [Immunologic characteristics of vaginal cervix tissue]. PMID- 3491687 TI - Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva: a case report. AB - The rare anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva has recently been shown to be associated with myocardial ischemia and sudden death. A patient is presented with overwhelming evidence of myocardial ischemia corrected by a single-vessel bypass of the right coronary artery. PMID- 3491689 TI - Syntheses of 2-aryl-4-(3-thienyl)imidazole derivatives with antiinflammatory properties. PMID- 3491690 TI - Furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. III. Structure-activity studies of 4,6 disubstituted N-(3-piperidinopropyl)furo[3,2-b]indole-2-carboxamide derivatives for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. PMID- 3491692 TI - The ability of the serum thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) index and HLA status to predict long-term remission of thyrotoxicosis following medical therapy for Graves' disease. AB - In agreement with previous authors we found patients with Graves' disease to have an increased incidence of the DR 3 antigen. We could find no association, however, between the presence of the antigen and relapse after carbimazole treatment. A concordant HLA status and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) index, obtained at either 6 or 12 months after the start of treatment could only predict cases of relapse and remission in a minority of patients making this of very limited clinical use. The TRAb index obtained at 12 months after the start of medical therapy could accurately predict cases of relapse and remission for the next 3 years in 24/30 patients studied. PMID- 3491691 TI - IgG anti-IgE in circulating immune complexes in the hyper-IgE syndrome. AB - We fractionated, by gel chromatography, sera with high IgE content from atopic subjects and five cases with the hyper-IgE syndrome, and measured the presence of IgE in high molecular weight (HMW) fractions. Two out of four asthmatics and four out of five hyper-IgE had HMW IgE. The same serum fractions gave positive results for conglutinin binding IgG (all six) and IgA (three cases) as well as C1q binding complexes (five cases). IgG auto-antibodies to IgE were also detected together with IgE in HMW fractions. Anti-F(ab)'2 activity was present in five cases (one of them negative for IgG anti-IgE). Our data indicate that complexes made of IgE and IgG anti-IgE are present mainly in patients with chronic allergic symptoms and most frequent in cases of hyper-IgE syndrome. PMID- 3491693 TI - Complement abnormalities during an epidemic of group B meningococcal infection in children. AB - During an epidemic of group B meningococcal infection mean values obtained in 96 consecutively affected children showed a reduction in classical pathway function (CH50), normal alternate pathway function (AP50), C4 and factor B levels, and raised C3 levels. CH50, C3 and Factor B were however significantly lower in those children who had a rapid onset of illness, were in shock, had signs of septicaemia, had extensive skin purpura, or who died. The presence of detectable meningococcal antigen by Counter Immuno Electrophoresis (CIE) and laboratory evidence of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) also correlated with lower complement levels. The significant reduction in CH50 and Factor B in the more severely affected patients suggests that activation of both classical and alternate pathways occurs in group B meningococcal infection. PMID- 3491695 TI - The development of gut associated lymphoid tissue in the terminal ileum of fetal human intestine. AB - Lymphoid tissue in formalin fixed and snap frozen human fetal ileum has been studied using immunohistochemistry. At 11 weeks gestation clusters of cells expressing CD4 (leu-3a positive) are present in fetal ileum but these do not express CD3 (UCHT1 negative) and are probably macrophages. Aggregates of lymphoid tissue are apparent from 14 weeks gestation which contain T cells of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype. Both B and T cells are present at 16 weeks but with no cellular zonation. By 19 weeks, distinct follicles of B cells are present surrounded by T cells of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype. Follicular dendritic cells are also present within the B cell areas. The B cells at this age express surface IgM and IgD, C3b and C3d-receptors. They also express the antigen CD5 which has been shown by others to be present on some fetal B cells but which is almost exclusively associated with T cells in the adult. HLA-D region antigens are present on apparently all of the cells within the fetal lymphoid follicles. The antigen on activated B cells, CD23 (recognized by MHM6), was present on some cells scattered within the B cell follicle. This is indicative of antigen independent B cell proliferation. PMID- 3491694 TI - Immunological investigations in individuals with selective IgA deficiency. AB - Concentrations of IgG2, IgG4 and IgE were low in 16, 24 and 20% of 25 persons with selective IgA deficiency. Fifty-two per cent had IgD concentrations below 5 iu/ml. Trends for association between any of these parameters and the presence of clinical symptoms were not significant. All patients, except one, had normal amounts of Ig-bearing lymphocytes in the blood. IgG1 antibodies against casein were increased in titre and frequency, whereas IgG4 antibodies were normal. Similar results were found in other sera from persons with selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 3491696 TI - Characterization of synovial T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Production of IL-2 dependent T cell clones from synovial fluid and peripheral blood. AB - Lymphocytes obtained from the peripheral blood (PBL) or synovial fluids (SFL) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or other inflammatory joint diseases were compared with the PBL from normal individuals, by cloning under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2). The precursor frequency estimates of IL-2 responsive cells from these sources did not differ appreciably. However there were marked differences in the surface marker phenotypes of the clones derived from the PBL as compared to SFL. There was a predominance of OKT4 8+ cells in SFL from RA and non RA donors with inflammatory joint disease while PBL from all sources showed a marked prevalence of OKT4+8- cells. Comparison of precursor frequencies in the presence of PBL and SFL indicated that there were variations in the capacities of the SFL and PBL IL-2 dependent cells to grow on these fillers. SFL derived cells grew equally well on PBL or SFL filler, while PBL clones grew efficiently only on PBL fillers. Collectively these results indicate that there are marked differences in the surface phenotypes and growth requirements of IL-2 responsive SFL as compared to PBL. PMID- 3491697 TI - The common occurrence of internal image type anti-idiotypic antibodies in rabbits immunized with monoclonal and polyclonal human IgM rheumatoid factors. AB - We have previously reported that rabbits immunized with a polyclonal human rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibody preparation could induce anti-idiotypic antibodies bearing the 'internal image' of the Fc fragments of human IgG. The 'internal image' anti-idiotype have been shown to react with both the RF molecules as well as with the RF receptors on B lymphocytes. Under what conditions these anti-idiotypes occur is not known. Presently, we report that these anti-idiotypic antibodies occur more frequently than previously thought and could be isolated in sera of rabbits immunized with either monoclonal paraproteins with RF activity or other purified human polyclonal serum RFs. Immunization of rabbits with a peptide corresponding to the second complementarity-determining regions of a monoclonal RF did not induce this anti idiotype. Immunization of goats with human RF similarly did not result in induction of such anti-idiotype. Induction of these anti-idiotypes thus depended upon immunization with the intact RF antigen as well as the species of animal immunized. The repeated isolation of 'internal image' anti-idiotypic antibodies from RF immunized rabbits suggests that the antigenic conformations recognized by human RF autoantibodies are restricted, and that 'internal image' anti-idiotypic species to RF may pre-exist within the rabbit immune network. Such broadly cross reactive anti-idiotypic reagents provide unique reagents for studying the regulation of RF autoantibody synthesis. PMID- 3491698 TI - Characteristics of bacterial lipopolysaccharide induction of interleukin 1 synthesis and secretion by human monocytes. AB - The objective of these studies was to characterize some aspects of interleukin 1 (IL-1) synthesis and secretion by human monocytes after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Various molecular species of LPS were incubated with adherent monocytes for 24 h. IL-1 activity in monocyte supernatants (secretion) and lysates (synthesis) was determined by stimulation of collagenase production in rabbit articular chondrocytes and augmentation of mitogen-induced proliferation of murine thymocytes. The presence of cytochalasin B enhanced LPS-induced IL-1 secretion without altering IL-1 synthesis. Monocytes preincubated in dexamethasone or hydrocortisone failed to exhibit any IL-1 activity in supernatants after LPS stimulation but the cell lysates still possessed 50% of control IL-1 activity. Studies with different LPS preparations indicated that the presence of diphosphoryl groups in lipid A enhanced the IL-1 inducing activities. Butanol-extracted LPS preparations, containing associated proteins, were not completely inhibited by 5 micrograms/ml polymyxin B in induction of IL-1 production at LPS concentrations of 10 or 100 ng/ml. These results indicate that the failure of polymyxin B to inhibit stimulation of IL-1 production by tests materials cannot be assumed to mean an absence of contaminating LPS. PMID- 3491699 TI - Expression of the B cell repertoire and autoantibodies in human African trypanosomiasis. AB - The relative importance of polyclonal B cell activation has been studied in relation to the development of autoantibodies in human African trypanosomiasis. In 34 patients investigated before specific treatment a broad expression of the B cell repertoire was observed including the production of anti-hapten (FITC, Penicillin, Phosphorylcholin) antibodies, of high levels of antibodies against some heterologous protein antigens (ovalbumin and tetanus toxoid) and of autoantibodies. Anti-ssDNA antibodies were detected in 84% of the patients and anti-IgG rheumatoid factors in 88%. Anti-striated muscle and anti-smooth muscle antibodies were also observed in 57 and 63% of the patients. Correlation analysis indicated that the formation of anti-DNA antibodies is associated with polyclonal B cell activation but probably depends on an additional B cell stimulation by released DNA or cross-reacting antigens. Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are closely correlated with polyclonal B cell activation and their production is likely to reflect the high frequency of anti-IgG B cell precursors in the normal human B cell repertoire. The significance of these observations in relation to the pathological expression of trypanosomiasis should be particularly considered in the generation of immune complexes either in circulating blood or locally at the sites of parasite destruction. PMID- 3491700 TI - Administration of monoclonal anti-Sm antibody prolongs the survival and renal function of MRL-lpr/lpr mice. AB - The repeated administration of a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody (KSml) resulted in a significant prolongation of life in MRL-lpr/lpr lupus mice with a 50% mortality of 36 weeks compared with 18-24 weeks in the control groups. Control animals injected with APC11 (a myeloma protein of the same isotype) lived no longer than an untreated group. In addition the renal function as assessed by blood urea levels was less impaired in the KSml-injected mice than in the controls. All KSml injected mice showed the presence of circulating anti-Sm antibodies which had a different Sm polypeptide binding specificity from that of the injected monoclonal antibody; the increased prevalence of these antibodies compared to the control mice (10-30%) suggested that the anti-Sm antibody response had been induced. The increased longevity in the KSml-treated animals was not associated with alterations in the anti-dsDNA antibody response. The data suggest that administration of anti-Sm antibodies modifies the course of murine lupus. PMID- 3491702 TI - Variability in B cell maturation and differentiation in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. AB - Among seven males with X-linked agammaglobulinemia in an extended pedigree, serum immunoglobulins and antibodies were extremely low in all but one who had a normal IgA (78 mg/dl) and tetanus antibodies (1:19,683). Following bacteriophage phi X 174 immunizations, the oldest failed to clear phage and had no primary or secondary antibody responses. The youngest had normal phage clearance, low primary and secondary antibody responses, and no amplification or switching to IgG. The other four affected had normal or slightly delayed phage clearance, low primary and secondary responses, but some amplification and switching from IgM to IgG which increased with age. Normal percentages of surface immunoglobulin positive cells were present in the two youngest patients, but all seven affected had very low percentages of cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies to B cell surface antigens. Immunoglobulin production by cultured blood B cells was very low and not increased by pokeweed mitogen. However, a majority of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cells derived from the blood of four of the patients bore IgD and IgM and reacted with all of the monoclonal antibodies to B cell antigens. Culture supernatants from those lines contained significant quantities of IgM and lesser amounts of IgG and IgA. The studies presented here provide further support for the hypothesis that the primary abnormality in X linked agammaglobulinemia affects B cells at more than one stage of development rather than just at the level of the pre-B cell. PMID- 3491704 TI - In situ characterization of T lymphocyte subpopulations in leprosy in the mangabey monkey. AB - Leprosy in the mangabey monkey is an experimental model which is similar both clinically and histologically to human lepromatous leprosy. The immunopathology of these diseases was compared using monoclonal antibodies against T lymphocyte subpopulations in frozen tissue sections with an immunoperoxidase technique. In both mangabey and human lepromatous granulomas OKT4 (or Leu 3a) and Leu 2a cells were scattered among macrophages with greater numbers of Leu 2a as compared with OKT4 (or Leu 3a) cells. The results suggest that from an immunopathological standpoint experimental leprosy in mangabeys will provide a suitable model for the investigation of the pathogenesis of human lepromatous leprosy and for the evaluation of new antileprosy vaccines. PMID- 3491701 TI - Defective production of leucocytic endogenous mediator (interleukin 1) by peripheral blood leucocytes of patients with systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Leucocytic endogenous mediator is one of the activities ascribed to the cytokine or family of cytokines known as interleukin 1. In this study we have examined the ability of circulating blood leucocytes from patients with rheumatic diseases to produce this mediator in vitro. Leucocytic endogenous mediator production was found to be significantly decreased below normal values (mean 107 units, s.e.m. +/- 25) in systemic sclerosis (-6 units +/- 18), systemic lupus erythematosus ( 25 units +/- 13), rheumatoid arthritis (-3 units +/- 13) and mixed connective tissue disease (-4 units +/- 40). A control group of ill patients with cancer produced 57 units +/- 8. PMID- 3491703 TI - Anti-DNA antibodies: problems in their study and interpretation. AB - The reaction between DNA and anti-DNA antibodies has been extensively studied in order to obtain information about the aetiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related disorders. However, the immunochemical analysis of this reaction has been very difficult due to the complexity of the autoimmune response and the unique molecular features of the DNA antigen. The production of human and mouse monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies by the hybridoma technique has simplified this analysis and opened new avenues for the study of autoantibody structure and genetics. At the same time, it has also created new problems of possible misrepresentation and unexpected cross-reactions. Therefore, special care must be exercised in the choice and performance of assay procedures and particular attention must be paid to the interpretation of experimental results. PMID- 3491706 TI - Independence of depressed lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity from interleukin 2 production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The relationship of lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) to interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was studied in healthy subjects and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Profoundly depressed levels of LDCC were elicited by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from nine patients with active SLE in comparison to LDCC from seven controls, and eleven inactive SLE donors, using 3H-TdR-prelabelled adherent HEP-2 cells as targets in a 24 h assay with 25 micrograms/ml Con A. In parallel experiments, no individual correlation was found between LDCC activity and IL-2 production for healthy or SLE subjects. Further, no major differences were detected in IL-2 release when the three groups of donors were compared, a tendency observed at the Con A doses (5 and 25 micrograms/ml) and incubation times (24, 48, and 72 h) used to induce IL-2 production. In additional studies, impaired Con A-induced blastogenesis was noted for PBMC from active SLE patients in comparison to the PBMC from the controls or patients with inactive SLE. While strong individual correlation was obtained between blastogenesis and IL-2 secretion in controls and patients with inactive SLE, no such relationship was found in patients with active SLE. While addition of exogenous IL-2 to the cytotoxicity assay considerably enhanced LDCC by healthy donors it failed to improve LDCC by patients with active SLE. These data suggest that depressed LDCC and Con A-induced blastogenesis of patients with active SLE may not be related to impaired IL-2 production but rather to an inherent dysfunction of the effector lymphocytes, including their unresponsiveness to IL 2. PMID- 3491707 TI - Enhanced interleukin 1 generation by monocytes in vitro is temporally linked to an early event in the onset or exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 12 age and sex matched healthy controls were examined for the ability of their monocytes (adherent cells, AC) to spontaneously secrete interleukin 1 (IL-1) and for their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to secrete interleukin 2 (IL-2) induced by Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA). All RA patients had PBMC which secreted normal amounts of mitogen induced IL-2 regardless of disease activity or disease history. However, AC from RA patients who had a recent (less than 6 months) onset of their disease, or exacerbation of existing RA, had enhanced spontaneous IL-1 secretion. AC from patients with equally active RA but with historically stable disease generated normal amounts of IL-1. Enhanced in vitro IL-1 generation by circulating monocytes is temporally linked to an early event in the onset of exacerbation of RA. PMID- 3491705 TI - Evaluation of the cross-reaction between anti-DNA and anti-cardiolipin antibodies in SLE and experimental animals. AB - The cross-reaction between anti-DNA and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies and its relation to the standard test for syphilis was studied with sera and monoclonal antibodies derived from human patients and mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Syphilitic sera of humans and rabbits infected with the spirochete Treponema pallidum were also tested in this study. In addition, rabbits were immunized with ssDNA and cardiolipin and the cross-reactions of the induced antibodies were studied in two different assay systems. The results of these experiments suggest: that the anti-DNA and anti-cardiolipin IgG autoantibodies in SLE sera constitute separate antibody populations and, therefore, cardiolipin cannot play a role in the induction of immune response to DNA in SLE; that in immunized experimental animals there is a significant level of cross-reaction between anti-DNA and anti-cardiolipin-the detection of this cross-reaction depends on highly amplified solid phase assay systems which measure low affinity antibodies and that there is no correlation between the activity of syphilitic sera in the serologic test for syphilis and their binding to pure cardiolipin this implies that cardiolipin may not be the dominant ingredient in this test as previously proposed. PMID- 3491709 TI - Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to type II collagen (CII) in DBA-1 mice. AB - Sensitization of DBA-1 mice with Type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant can cause polyarthritis. A possible link between CII-induced arthritis and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) has been suggested, so we decided to investigate the susceptibility of DBA-1 mice to CII induced DTH reactions. The mice were primed with a dose of 10 micrograms CII i.p. 4 days before challenging with 40 micrograms CII in the ear. Swelling was measured 48 h later and was found to be reproducible. Responsiveness to CII could be transferred with whole spleen cell populations from primed animals or with enriched spleen T cells, thus confirming the cellular nature of the reaction. Lymph node cells from CII/CFA footpad immunized animals were restimulated with CII in vitro. These cells were able to passively transfer DTH sensitivity in vivo and exhibited specificity for this antigen in vitro in proliferation assays. PMID- 3491708 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor by lymphocytes from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia (EMC) were studied for their ability to synthesize polyclonal IgM and rheumatoid factor (RF) IgM in vitro. Our results indicate: that EMC-PBMC produce smaller amounts of polyclonal IgM but higher quantities of IgM-RF than normal PBMC after pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or Staphylococcus aureus activation, so that the IgM-RF to total IgM ratio is significantly greater in EMC than in normal cultures; that enriched EMC-B lymphocytes display a significantly higher spontaneous synthesis of IgM-RF than normal B lymphocytes and that the IgM-RF B cell clones are receptive to T cell regulation. Taken together these findings suggest an expansion of B cell clones committed to IgM RF production and the presence in peripheral blood of differentiated B lymphocytes capable of secreting IgM-RF in EMC. PMID- 3491712 TI - Interleukin 1 inhibitor masks high interleukin 1 production in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Monocyte functions, including interleukin 1 (IL-1) production, have been shown previously to be impaired in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We have fractionated culture supernatants from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to determine whether the low IL-1 activity in AIDS was due to the presence of IL-1 inhibitors. The results demonstrate that PBMCs from patients with AIDS produce increased amounts of IL-1 activity compared with those of controls together with marked increases (10- to 20-fold) in the amounts of 50,000 100,000 and 6000-9000 molecular weight (MW) factors which inhibit IL-1 activity. These inhibitors mask IL-1 activity measured in the standard thymocyte proliferation assay for IL-1. The 6000-9000 MW IL-1 inhibitor shows the greatest increase in all AIDS patients (n = 5) compared with that of controls (n = 7). This inhibitor may block the IL-1 dependent maturation of T lymphocytes in AIDS and thereby contribute to the immunodeficiency. PMID- 3491711 TI - Clearance of human antibody/DNA immune complexes and free DNA from the circulation of the nonhuman primate. AB - The present study evaluated the participation of the primate erythrocyte immune complex (IC) clearing mechanism in the clearance and organ uptake of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and of soluble ICs formed with human anti-DNA antibodies and dsDNA (dsDNA-ICs). Five baboons received 51Cr-labeled autologous erythrocytes and after a period of equilibration received separate intraarterial injections of [125I]free dsDNA and [125I]dsDNA-IC. Four of these five baboons were studied on a second occasion. To assess clearance from the arterial circulation and organ uptake, multiple blood samples were obtained from aorta, hepatic vein, and renal vein after injection of each probe. Two minutes after injection, a mean of 85% of dsDNA-ICs were bound to erythrocytes. By contrast, free dsDNA did not bind significantly to blood cells. The clearance rate of dsDNA-ICs from the arterial circulation was significantly faster than that of free dsDNA in all animals but one. Erythrocyte-bound dsDNA-ICs were cleared at a rate similar to that of total dsDNA-ICs. The liver was the major site of uptake of free dsDNA and of dsDNA-ICs. The hepatic uptakes of free dsDNA (17 +/- 8%/5 min) and dsDNA-ICs (27 +/- 8%/5 min) were not significantly different. 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes were not sequestered in the liver. There was not detectable uptake of free dsDNA or dsDNA ICs by the kidney but with one exception. Thus, the primate erythrocyte IC clearing mechanism is involved in the clearance of dsDNA-ICs from the circulation but not in the clearance of free dsDNA. PMID- 3491710 TI - An efficient one-step method for isolating immune complexes from whole serum using a monoclonal anti-C3g affinity immunosorbent. AB - A simple and efficient method of extracting complement-fixing immune complexes (IC) from whole serum and recovering them has been developed. 125I-labelled, in vitro prepared IC in whole serum were incubated with Sepharose 4B covalently linked to monoclonal anti-C3g or anti-C1q and the binding and recovery of IC was monitored by radioactivity. The anti-C3g immunosorbent bound 45% and 76% of HAGG and BSA-anti-BSA IC respectively, all of which were recovered by elution with 4M MgCl2. The anti-C1q immunosorbent only bound 14% and 12% of the same IC and only 64% were recovered by eluting with 4M MgCl2. The IC extracted by the anti-C3g immunosorbent included those capable of extraction by the anti-C1q. The anti-C3g monoclonal recognizes not only the iC3b fragment of C3 and will therefore bind IC with affinity for bovine conglutinin but also subsequent degradation products containing the C3g antigen. Its wide range of reactivity for IC plus its excellent recovery properties make it the immunosorbent of choice for isolating complement-fixing IC. PMID- 3491713 TI - In vitro inhibition of anti-DNA producing cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients by autologous anti-F(ab')2 antibodies. AB - We have previously documented an inverse relationship between serum levels of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study focused on the specific in vitro inhibition of anti-DNA producing cells from SLE patients by autologous anti-F(ab')2 antibodies. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from eleven inactive SLE patients with no apparent disease activity were cultured in vitro to evaluate anti-DNA antibody secretion. Low levels of synthesis of anti-DNA antibody were detected in 3 of 11 SLE patients using unstimulated PBL; on the contrary, pokeweed mitogen stimulation of cultured cells increased production of anti-DNA in all SLE subjects. Parallel cultures were also performed in the presence of heterologous and autologous anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and results on production of anti-DNA evaluated. Lymphocytes from SLE patients in remission showed inhibition of synthesis of anti-DNA antibodies when autologous anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were added to the cultures, whereas production of anti-tetanus toxoid IgG by the same cells was not significantly altered under the same conditions. These data suggest that a functional anti-idiotypic role may be assigned to anti-F(ab')2 antibodies during clinical remission of SLE. PMID- 3491714 TI - Impaired proliferative response to concanavalin A in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a consequence of drug-induced T-lymphocyte damage. AB - The proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and concanavalin A (Con A) was studied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In order to discover possible defects in either of the cell types involved, enriched T-cells from RA patients and healthy controls were stimulated in cultures reconstituted with purified autologous or allogeneic monocytes. A diminished response to Con A but not to PWM was observed. Whereas RA monocytes were shown to exhibit intact accessory functions, the reduction in response to Con A had to be attributed to an impaired proliferative capacity of the patients' T-cells. This defect was shown as unlikely to be related to the disease itself, but rather to be caused by therapies involving corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 3491715 TI - Histocompatability antigens in the fibrositis (fibromyalgia) syndrome. AB - HLA antigen Class I (A, B, C) and II (DR) were determined in a small group of fibrositis (fibromyalgia) patients and normal controls. Sixty-seven percent of fibrositis patients had DR4 versus 30% of normal controls. There was also an increased relative risk (4.5). No statitical significance of other Class I and II antigens in fibrositis was found. PMID- 3491717 TI - Heavy labor and the occurrence of gonarthrosis. AB - The prevalence of primary gonarthrosis was investigated in 332 men, (average age, 66 years) who had been doing heavy work for more than 30 years. Only subjects who had had symptoms and clinical studies, including a knee roentgen examination, were considered. Using the criteria of Ahlback, the prevalence of primary gonarthrosis was 3.9% in the laborers. In the age-matched internal and external controls, the prevalence was 1.4% and 1.6%, respectively. Circumstantial evidence suggests an association between heavy work and the incidence of gonarthrosis. PMID- 3491716 TI - Invasion in vitro by explants of Lucke renal carcinoma cocultured with normal tissue is temperature dependent. AB - Fragments of renal carcinoma of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, were cocultured in vitro with small pieces of tadpole heart, frog heart and frog kidney with gyrotory shaking for up to 14 days at 21 degrees C and 28 degrees C. No invasion by renal carcinoma occurred in confrontation cultures at 21 degrees. However, the three normal tissues were invaded by renal carcinoma in confrontation cultures incubated at 28 degrees C. Invasion in vitro by histologically typical renal carcinoma is thus similar to temperature-dependent invasion by the renal carcinoma-derived cell line PNKT-4B and affords an opportunity for the identification of cell or biochemical events which may be activated at invasion-permissive temperature. Cell or biochemical events which are selectively activated and subsequently repressed as the renal tumor is incubated at invasion-permissive and invasion-restrictive temperatures become significant candidates as events involved in, or causal for, malignant invasion. PMID- 3491719 TI - Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding from jejunal duplication. AB - A 26-year-old man presented on several occasions over a four-year period because of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The cause of this eluded correct diagnosis and curative therapy until liver-spleen imaging and a tagged RBC bleeding study were performed at the time of active bleeding and compared. PMID- 3491718 TI - [The therapeutic effect of cysteine proteinase inhibitor, EST, on experimental chloroquine myopathy]. PMID- 3491720 TI - Scintigraphic documentation of hemorrhage from coronary artery bypass graft. AB - Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging was used to conclusively demonstrate continuing intrathoracic hemorrhage from the anastomotic site of a coronary artery bypass graft. Demonstration of continuing hemorrhage and localization of the most likely site of bleeding resulted in timely and appropriate surgical intervention, which resulted in hemostasis and eventual patient recovery. Tc-99m RBC imaging may be an ideal noninvasive technique to investigate the site and activity of intrathoracic hemorrhage after coronary bypass surgery and other thoracic procedures. PMID- 3491721 TI - Antifibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - At the present time, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the safety and efficacy of antifibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of aneurysmal SAH. Furthermore, there is little to guide us on precisely how to employ the agents. Whether to continue to use antifibrinolytic therapy after considering the results of the 1984 Cooperative Aneurysm Study trial and the Glasgow-Rotterdam-Amsterdam London trial remains very much a philosophical decision. However, rebleeding is instantly and permanently devastating and 70% fatal, while ischemic deficits from vasospasm have a gradual onset and are potentially reversible. Accordingly, our policy is to continue to use antifibrinolytic therapy in those patients in whom it is desired to delay surgery. Our feeling is that, while there is no demonstrated advantage in acute mortality in either of the previously mentioned series, hypertensive, hypervolemic therapy or calcium channel blocking agents might ameliorate the ischemic consequences of therapy. Accordingly, it is in the context of combined therapy that the reduction in rebleeding will significantly influence patient outcome. PMID- 3491722 TI - Management of the patient with carotid occlusion and a single ischemic event. PMID- 3491723 TI - Controversies in the surgical management of spasticity. PMID- 3491724 TI - Endometrial cancer. Epidemiology. AB - In evaluating these trends in the East-West comparison, one notes that the epidemiologic features connoting high risk are similar in both cultures; while they are more common in the West, they are more strongly associated in the East. Clearly, a prospective interview method of obtaining reproductive data will be more informative for such a crosscultural study with greater numbers lending better support. In summary, there exists a grouping of reproductive phenomena fairly common in Western societies that are related to higher risk for endometrial cancer, and we have noted similar characteristics in Eastern women who have developed this disease, while control groups in Eastern societies where this disease is uncommon have a low profile for such attributes in comparison to the West. PMID- 3491725 TI - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: present status. PMID- 3491726 TI - Interleukin-2 corrects defective NK activity of patients with leukemia. AB - NK cells of patients with leukemia display low cytotoxic potential. Since the NK cells have been suggested to play a role in natural resistance to leukemia, we considered it of importance to investigate the approaches leading to the correction of NK defect of leukemic patients. Our studies demonstrate that culture of effector cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2) resulted in restoration of cytotoxic defect. This was indicated by normalization of tumor-binding as well as lytic NK activity, by normal frequency of cytotoxic cells and their ability to recycle. The NK cell nature of cytotoxic cells was shown by abrogation or depletion of cytotoxicity by antibody directed against NK cell-associated, but not T cell-associated antigen. The generation of NK cell activity against fresh leukemic cells suggests that adoptive transfer of IL-2 activated NK cells may be a new approach to leukemic treatment. PMID- 3491727 TI - Natural immunity against ovarian tumors. AB - We have analysed natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity in peripheral blood and ascitic fluids of patients with advanced stage of ovarian epithelial carcinoma. All patients displayed low NK activity in peripheral blood and virtually no cytotoxicity in ascitic fluids. NK activity in ascitic fluids could be substantially augmented after regional administration of virus-modified tumor cell extracts (VMTE), and that in peripheral blood after culture of effector cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vitro. Activated NK cells displayed cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive and NK-resistant tumor cell lines as well as against fresh ovarian tumors. Parallelism was found between regional NK augmentation and regression of malignant ascites. The latter observation suggests possible NK cell role in defense against ovarian tumors. PMID- 3491728 TI - Comparative biochemical study of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. AB - Alkaline phosphatases from the liver, kidney and intestine in various vertebrates were strongly inhibited by beryllium, 2-mercaptoethanol, potassium cyanide and EDTA. The enzymes showed various sensitivities to the inhibition by zinc and to heat denaturation at 56 degrees C for 5 min at pH 7.0. The liver and kidney enzymes showed higher sensitivity to the inhibition by L-homoarginine than by L phenylalanine. The intestinal enzymes in higher vertebrates were more sensitive to the inhibition by L-phenylalanine than by L-homoarginine, whereas the intestinal ones in lower vertebrates showed quite similar sensitivities to both amino acids. PMID- 3491730 TI - Mechanisms in B-cell neoplasia. Workshop at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA, March 24-26, 1986. PMID- 3491731 TI - c-myc-induced lymphomagenesis in transgenic mice and the role of the Pvt-1 locus in lymphoid neoplasia. PMID- 3491729 TI - The use of khat. An epidemiological study in two Yemenite villages in Israel. AB - Chewing of khat leaves has been noted to be widespread in Yemen. Immigrants to Israel brought that practice along and have kept it alive ever since their initial settlement over thirty years ago. The small epidemiological study reported here made an inquiry into the extent of khat use in two agricultural villages. It also explored the association of that practice with social and psychiatric variables. Of interest was the finding that--contrary to most addictions--the prevalence rate of psychopathology was not higher among users than among abstainers. PMID- 3491732 TI - A growth-factor dependent B-cell hybridoma. PMID- 3491733 TI - Genes affecting the production or action of B cell-active lymphokines. PMID- 3491734 TI - Interleukin-4 (B cell growth factor-II/eosinophil differentiation factor) is a mitogen and differentiation factor for preactivated murine B lymphocytes. PMID- 3491736 TI - Chromosomal radiosensitivity during G2 phase and susceptibility to plasmacytoma induction in mice. PMID- 3491735 TI - Structure and expression of c-myb protooncogene mRNA in murine B-cells. PMID- 3491737 TI - myc expression in vivo during human embryogenesis. PMID- 3491738 TI - Activation of proto-oncogene expression by growth regulatory signals. PMID- 3491739 TI - An in vitro model for tumor progression in murine lymphoid cells. PMID- 3491740 TI - Alpha-type B cell growth factor and complement component C3: their possible structural relationship. PMID- 3491741 TI - Different maturation capabilities of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from five patients with B-derived chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan together with T cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin in 5-9 days suspension cultures. The responses of B lymphocytes were studied on a T cell depleted subpopulation, obtained from harvested lymphocyte cultures using the sheep red blood cell rosette technique. Proliferation tests were performed using a 3H-TdR blast cell index. The maturation process of B-lymphocytes was examined with cytoplasmic Ig studied by FITC-conjugated antisera. Results analysed indicate various degrees of maturation of B cells in different patients. PMID- 3491743 TI - [Malignant melanoma--compared worldwide]. PMID- 3491742 TI - Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Three patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related complex and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia are reported. All patients presented with progressive dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and arterial hypoxemia. Chest roentgenograms exhibited bilateral diffuse reticular-nodular densities. The diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was made by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or open lung biopsy. Two patients were treated with corticosteroids, with significant improvement. The third patient died of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii six months after the diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was established. Serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were demonstrable in the two patients in whom the test was performed. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is probably another pulmonary manifestation of AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Although the clinical presentation may be identical to the more common opportunistic infections, the treatment differs, and the prognosis may be better. PMID- 3491744 TI - Calcium and exocytosis. AB - Amine secretion from electropermeabilized bovine chromaffin cells and human platelets requires Ca2+ and MgATP. There appears to be little correlation between the pH or potential of the interior of the amine storage granules of the chromaffin cells and the Ca2+ sensitivity or extent of secretion. The Ca2+ sensitivities of secretion for both preparations are increased by activators of protein kinase C. In the platelet, thrombin also increases the Ca2+ sensitivity. The thrombin-induced response is further enhanced by micromolar levels of GTP. The non-hydrolysable analogue GTP gamma S also potentiates the Ca2+-dependent secretory response, but this effect is additive to that seen by thrombin rather than synergistic, as is the case with GTP. GTP gamma S inhibits catecholamine secretion from bovine chromaffin cells. In both preparations the effects of GTP gamma S are inhibited by 10 microM GTP, even though GTP concentrations up to 1 mM are without effect when added alone. These results are consistent with there being two sites of action for the guanine nucleotides, one at the level of the agonist receptor and activated by GTP or one of its breakdown products, and the other one activated by GTP gamma S--possibly at the level of protein kinase C itself. PMID- 3491745 TI - Inositol trisphosphate and calcium mobilization. AB - Calcium-mobilizing agonists act by stimulating the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns4,5P2) to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DG). In response to such agonists cells also produce inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate but this isomer is unlikely to influence calcium mobilization. Application of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins1,4,5P3) to permeabilized cells results in a rapid release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. Structure-activity studies reveal that the vicinal phosphates on the 4 and 5-positions are essential for releasing calcium whereas the phosphate on the opposite side enhances the affinity of Ins1,4,5P3 for its putative receptor. The flow of calcium across the endoplasmic reticulum appears to be electrogenic and requires an opposite flow of potassium to neutralize charge movements. Diacylglycerol, acting through protein kinase C, does not play a direct role in calcium signalling but it does modulate various aspects of the InsP3/Ca2+ pathway. The DG/protein kinase C pathway can influence both the formation and hydrolysis of PtdIns4,5P2 and can alter the responsiveness of various processes to the action of calcium. The Ins1,4,5P3/Ca2+ signal pathway functions throughout the life history of cells to regulate such diverse activities as egg maturation and fertilization, growth, secretion, metabolism, neural activity, and perhaps excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. PMID- 3491746 TI - Complications in colonoscopic polypectomy. An experience with 1,555 polypectomies. AB - One thousand five-hundred fifty-five polyps were removed from 1172 patients; the sizes ranged from 5 mm to 6 cm. Nineteen complications accounted for 1.2 percent. Bleeding was the most common complication, followed by transmural burn. Other complications included a silent free perforation, a snare-wire entrapment, and an ensnared bowel wall. The complications in colonoscopic polypectomy are low. With proper technique, better selection of patients, and a broad knowledge of the causes and mechanisms, however, the complication rate can be reduced even more. PMID- 3491747 TI - Malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration cytology and cytochemistry. AB - The technique of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was utilized in the diagnosis of 31 cases of malignant lymphoma of convoluted lymphocytes. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 70 yr (median, 24 yr). Clinical history was available in 29 cases. All patients had peripheral lymphadenopathy. There was radiological evidence of mediastinal adenopathy in 62% of the cases, and 41% had pleural effusion; 52% of the patients presented with mediastinal compression syndrome. The diagnostically crucial convoluted cells comprised 47.3 +/- 23.73% of all lymphoid cells. Nuclear convolutions were appreciated in a significant number of cells in paraffin sections of 17 of 21 cases (85.7%) having subsequent histopathology. Cytochemical and E-rosette tests performed in 17 cases confirmed the T cell nature of the neoplasms. On an average, 72.3% of cells showed focal positive reaction for acid phosphatase, and 73.8% of cells formed E-rosettes. PMID- 3491748 TI - [The significance of growth factors]. PMID- 3491749 TI - Screening for auditory dysfunction in high risk neonates. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses were recorded in 117 pre-term and 71 full term infants from the general population of infants born at a referral obstetric unit. The threshold intensity required to evoke a reliable BAER was determined at different post-menstrual ages (PMAs) and in many cases at follow-up clinics. The BAER thresholds for 12 infants born and tested at less than 31 wk PMA were all greater than or equal to 50 dBHL. Sixty-two low-gestational-age infants who were tested between 31 and 36 wk PMA had BAER thresholds between less than or equal to 30 dBHL and greater than or equal to 80 dBHL. The majority of pre-term and term infants tested at term equivalent age had BAER thresholds less than or equal to 30 dBHL. Longitudinal studies also indicated that BAER thresholds can decline rapidly during the pre-term period. Follow-up studies showed that those pre-term and term infants with BAER thresholds less than or equal to 30 dBHL had normal auditory thresholds as determined using conventional behavioural testing at 4 or more months of age. Of those infants with BAER thresholds greater than or equal to 40 dBHL at the time of discharge or at term equivalent age, 67% (n = 16) were confirmed later as having a moderate to profound hearing deficit. The remaining 8 infants in this group had had BAER thresholds at term of 40 or 50 dBHL and had normal BAER and behavioural thresholds at follow-up. The cross-sectional and longitudinal data indicate that the majority of low-gestational-age infants who are at risk of hearing deficit achieve BAER thresholds less than or equal to 30 dBHL by term equivalent age. We recommend that auditory screening of infants in this group is best performed at the time of discharge from hospital or at term equivalent age, whichever is the later. Those infants with thresholds greater than or equal to 40 dBHL at that time should be encouraged to attend follow-up testing and, if high thresholds persist, they should then be referred on for behavioural testing and assessment for habilitative support. PMID- 3491750 TI - Partial purification and characterization of epidermal growth factor in human breast milk. AB - Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), a potent growth stimulator of many tissues in culture, has been isolated from human urine and subsequently identified in many human biological fluids including breast milk. In this study, partial purification and characterization of hEGF-like substance(s) in human milk were performed using homologous hEGF radioimmunoassay (RIA) and radioreceptor assay (RRA). hEGF-like material(s) was extracted from pooled human milk by ethanol precipitation, followed by adsorption to cation- and anion-exchange resin. DEAE Sephadex G-25 ion-exchange chromatography of human milk extracts revealed three major components with hEGF activity (peak I, II, III) eluted with a linear gradient by ammonium acetate. The competitive binding curves for these components were parallel to those for standard hEGF in both RIA and RRA. The apparent molecular weight of peak I was approximately 6,500 and that of peak II and III was approximately 7,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pI value for peak I was approximately 4.5 and that for peaks II and III was approximately 5.0 by isoelectric focusing. These data are comparable to the size and charge heterogeneity of hEGF in human urine extracts. In conclusion, the major components of hEGF in human milk appear to be physicochemically, immunologically and biologically (receptor binding activity) indistinguishable from hEGF of urinary origin. PMID- 3491751 TI - Oesophageal stenosis--a complication of sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. AB - A total of 246 non-selected patients with oesophageal variceal haemorrhage were treated with the intravascular high-pressure injection technique. Approximately 200 ml of the sclerosant were injected in three sessions. Reliable destruction of the varices in the absence of necrosis/ulceration along the variceal "column" must be considered doubtful. Owing to misplaced (paravasal) injection, 11 patients (4.4%) developed an oesophageal stenosis. All these stenoses were curatively treated with the ESKA-Buess multiple-diameter bougie. The stenosis can be negotiated under endoscopic vision, and, in the immediately following bougienage procedure, dilated up to 16 mm. The presence of mucosal bridges in the stenotic oesophagus is essential for curative bougienage. The use of a circular paravascular injection technique in the distal oesophageal mucosa is not to be recommended. PMID- 3491753 TI - Exulceratio simplex Dieulafoy--report of three cases. PMID- 3491752 TI - Vascular malformations of the stomach and duodenum: an endoscopic classification. AB - Having reviewed 47 cases of vascular malformations of the stomach and duodenum, we propose an endoscopic classification for these lesions: Pattern I (flat or slightly protruded, bright red lesions with frond-like margin) is the most usual form of presentation. The "telangiectatic form" (pattern II) is an endoscopic variation, with the same clinical and, possibly, pathogenic significance. Submucosal nodular forms (pattern III) are the most difficult to diagnose and treat. Electrocoagulation is the most pertinent treatment. PMID- 3491754 TI - Comparative structural anatomy of the complement anaphylatoxin proteins C3a, C4a and C5a. AB - The anaphylatoxins are a family of proteins produced during the course of complement activation as the result of cleavage by specific serine proteases. These proteins are involved in a variety of biological functions, including inflammation. Comparative modeling techniques have been used to produce structures for C4a and C5a from the crystal structure of C3a. All three structures have conserved interior residues but very different external side chains and surface shapes and properties. Comparison of the anaphylatoxin structures and of the sequence conservation among different species suggests possible locations for their receptor binding sites and for their specificity residues which permit regulated proteolytic cleavage from precursor. PMID- 3491756 TI - Venous digital angio-radiography: an accurate and useful technique for assessing coronary bypass graft patency. AB - Digital angiography has been reported to be a valid technique for anatomical studies of the peripheral cardiovascular system and for dynamic studies of ventricular function. The purpose of the present study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of venous digital angiography (2 images per second) for imaging coronary bypass grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery, comparing its results with those of selective angiography. Fifty-two patients with 108 grafts (101 venous grafts and 7 internal mammary artery grafts) were studied by venous digital angiography and selective angiography. Venous digital angiography correctly diagnosed 95 out of 97 patent grafts and the 11 occluded grafts visualized by selective angiography. These results are better than those obtained in the very few studies so far reported in the literature. We were not able to adequately visualize distal anastomoses in most patients although we could identify the distal portion of 7 out of 8 patent sequential bypass grafts. Thus, these results suggest that venous digital angiography is a useful and accurate technique for assessing coronary bypass graft patency. PMID- 3491755 TI - Subregions of a conserved part of the HIV gp41 transmembrane protein are differentially recognized by antibodies of infected individuals. AB - A 240-bp DNA fragment encoding a peptide, designated ENV(80), homologous to a conserved part of the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was chemically synthesized and inserted into different plasmid expression vectors. Escherichia coli transformants containing these plasmid constructs produced upon induction high amounts of either an ENV(80) peptide of relative molecular mass (Mr) of 10,000 or the same ENV(80) peptide N-terminally fused to E. coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) or to mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) having Mr of 36,000 and 31,000 respectively. All polypeptides containing the ENV(80) sequences were strongly reactive with antibodies present in sera from AIDS virus-infected individuals, but not with control sera. The strategy of gene assembly allowed the expression of ENV(80) subfragments fused to DHFR. The serodiagnosis of 15 positive sera by Western blot analysis using these bacterially synthesized ENV(80) subfragments revealed the presence of several immunoreactive epitopes on the 80-amino acid polypeptide which were recognized differently by the various patients. PMID- 3491757 TI - Carbon-11 labelled tyrosine to study tumor metabolism by positron emission tomography (PET). AB - To measure the rate of protein synthesis in human neoplasms by positron emission tomography, we prepared no carrier added DL-(1-11C)-tyrosine by 11C-carboxylation of the appropriate alpha-lithioisocyanide followed by hydrolysis of the isocyanide function and removal of the protecting methoxy group. The purification, resolution and solvent switch to saline was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DL-(1-11C)-Tyrosine in 0.1 N NaH2PO4 buffer was prepared with a radiochemical yield of 8%-16% (EOS, 35 min). The enantiomeric separation and solvent switch to saline were achieved in 5 min and 10 min respectively. Consequently L-(1-11C)-tyrosine in physiological saline was obtained in 2%-4% radiochemical yield. Tumor accumulation in rats with the experimental WALKER 256 carcinosarcoma was observed for both the L- and D-isomer. Using positron emission tomography a tumor/muscle ratio of two was observed for the L-isomer 15 min after injection. The corresponding figure for the D-isomer was 2.5. The first clinical results with DL-(1-11C)-tyrosine show accumulation of radioactivity in meningioma, a primary breast carcinoma and in liver metastases of a colonic carcinoma. PMID- 3491758 TI - Biochemical, morphological and immunological findings in a patient with a cutis laxa-associated inborn disorder (De Barsy syndrome). AB - Clinical symptoms of a male infant are described and compared with cases now classified as the De Barsy syndrome, a distinct disorder related to cutis laxa. Morphologically, elastic fibres in skin were frayed and reduced in number and density. The collagen fibril network was normal. Biochemical studies on collagen metabolism in a skin specimen and in cultured skin fibroblasts showed a normal amino acid content and a normal electrophoretic pattern of collagen constituents. The chemotactic migration of cultured fibroblasts was diminished when compared with fibroblasts from donors of different age groups. Immunological investigations revealed an imparied granulocyte function. PMID- 3491759 TI - Meningeal involvement as the initial symptom of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A patient is presented with cranial nerve dysfunction which was attributed to a meningeal involvement of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the B cell type. Cytology and lymphocyte count in the spinal fluid were normal. The diagnosis was made on the basis of cell marker studies by immunocytochemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid cells. PMID- 3491760 TI - Epidemiology of cycloid psychosis. A prospective longitudinal study of incidence and risk in the 1947 cohort of the Lundby Study. AB - The objective of the present study on cycloid psychosis was to describe the incidence and risk in a defined population sample. We therefore re-evaluated specific diagnostic groups in the 1947 cohort of the Lundby Study. Three female cases were identified as cycloid psychosis according to the diagnostic criteria of Leonhard, Perris and Brockington. No men were found. The incidence rate (per 100 observation years) was found to be 0.016% for women. The cumulative probability i.e. risk, up to 60 years of age was calculated to be 0.7%. Incidence rate and risk for cycloid psychosis in women was thus about half of the corresponding values for schizophrenia as described for the same population in a parallel study. We conclude that cases of cycloid psychosis constitute a substantial proportion of female psychotic patients. PMID- 3491761 TI - Use of psychiatric facilities in the Upper Bavarian follow-up field study. AB - Utilization of psychiatric facilities by non-institutionalized persons aged 20 years and older was examined. Data were based on the representative community sample of the Upper Bavarian Follow-up Field Study, the original sample size being 1668 persons. In the 5-year follow-up 1384 (83.0%) subjects were interviewed; 80 subjects (4.8%) had died meanwhile. The follow-up sample contained 44 people who refused the first interview and agreed to participate at the follow-up. The 5-year prevalence of mental illness according to the definition used was 31.4%. The rate for psychiatric treatment (in- or outpatient) was 8.5%. We analyzed which people with mental illness seek help from professionals in psychiatric hospitals, from psychiatrists in private practices and psychosocial services, according to type of diagnosis, course of disorder (incidence, remission, chronic), sociodemographic data and psychosocial factors. PMID- 3491763 TI - Magnesium inhibits basal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in canine coronary arteries. PMID- 3491762 TI - Diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital suppress the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP in mice. AB - The combined administration of MPTP with the anticonvulsant drugs diphenylhydantoin or phenobarbital suppressed the MPTP-induced striatal DA depletions in mice. Co-treatment with diazepam, sodium valproate or carbamazepine was ineffective. The mechanism responsible for the protective effect of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital against DA neurotoxicity of MPTP is unknown but some previously available findings suggest that they may act, in part, via inhibition of MAO-B and/or DA reuptake in the striatum. PMID- 3491764 TI - The movement of organic solutes between the retina and pigment epithelium. AB - The transport of several membrane precursors across the bullfrog retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid was studied in a modified Ussing chamber. The substrates choline, ethanolamine, and glucose did not exhibit a net flux across the tissue, while all amino acids tested showed a net flux in the retina to choroid direction. The 'sink' for a particular amino acid, leucine, was measured in bullfrog retinas in vitro. Decarboxylation of leucine was the major fate of the incorporated amino acid, while much less was directed toward protein synthesis. The subretinal fluid concentration of leucine was estimated to be in the order of 10 microM, approximately eight-fold less than in plasma, and consistent with levels in cerebrospinal fluid. The sink for leucine in the retina at 10 microM leucine is smaller than the fluxes across the RPE-choroid under conditions of an eight-fold gradient. This suggests that the RPE, not the retina, is responsible for controlling the concentrations of solutes in the subretinal fluid. PMID- 3491766 TI - Detection of T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes in human ovarian follicular fluid. AB - Clear ovarian follicular fluid and the follicular flush (bloody) of aspirated follicles from 18 women undergoing oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization were tested for the presence of T-lymphocyte subpopulations with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assay. A sample of peripheral venous blood from each patient was run as a control. There was no difference in the percentage of cells positive for the various markers between bloody follicular fluid (i.e., ovarian blood) and peripheral venous blood. T8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes were recovered from all clear follicular fluids; ten of the patients exhibited a dramatically decreased T4/T8 ratio (peripheral blood, 2:1; clear follicular fluid, 1:25; P less than 0.001). These lymphocytes may be involved in the suppression of autoimmune responses directed against ovarian antigens. PMID- 3491767 TI - Arrest of follicular development in a patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: folliculogenesis in association with a lack of estrogen synthesis in the ovaries. AB - The degree of follicular development was examined in a patient with 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency that accounted for impairment of estrogen and androgen biosynthesis. The ovarian content of P was markedly higher than those of any other steroids requiring 17 alpha-hydroxylation for synthesis. The morphologic analysis of the ovaries demonstrated that normal follicles could not develop to more than 2.2 mm in diameter, and most follicles with diameters of 1.0 mm or more yielded to atresia. It is known that estrogen and FSH act synergistically on the growth of the follicles. Our data suggest that the follicles can develop up to the size of 2.2 mm in diameter at most with the sole stimulation of gonadotropin. PMID- 3491765 TI - Influence of atmospheric factors on the rheumatic diseases. AB - There appears to be ample evidence to conclude that various meteorological factors do exert a significant impact on some people with various rheumatic diseases. The data is, however, crude relative to our general understanding. Most of this research on RA has dealt with the primary signs and symptoms of inflammation. We know, however, many of the chemical mediators of inflammation. It seems like a logical progression of research to determine the effects of the meteorological/atmospheric factors of concern on these specific intrinsic mediators of inflammation. In general, gout can be very well controlled through medication. The evidence suggests, however, that we may gain a much better understanding of how atmospheric factors such as temperature can effect the body through changes in its physico-chemical processes by using Gout as a model. The work with SLE has already yielded useful applications. Sun screening pharmaceuticals have been quite successful in reducing exacerbations of symptoms. But we don't know why only some people are photosensitive. The previous research on the effects of atmospheric factors on the rheumatic diseases has illustrated key issues in methodology: large sample sizes are critical, objective and quantifiable disease variables are important, the variables measured must be specific to the questions investigated, the diseases investigated must be as specifically and accurately defined as possible, and the various aspects of 'weather' to be investigated must be specifically defined and quantified. It is apparent that there is much more important and useful work to be performed before we can understand the effects of atmospheric factors on the rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3491768 TI - [In vitro PUVA irradiation inhibits the binding of antibodies to double-stranded (ds) DNA to human epidermis]. PMID- 3491770 TI - [Characterization of the immune status of 27 young drug addicts]. PMID- 3491769 TI - Transcomplementation of HLA genes in IDDM. HLA-DQ alpha- and beta-chains produce hybrid molecules in DR3/4 heterozygotes. AB - The HLA association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is highest among individuals heterozygous for DR3 and DR4. To investigate potential mechanisms to account for this association, we performed two-dimensional gel-electrophoretic analysis of HLA molecules from DR3/4 heterozygous patients. These studies demonstrated hybrid molecular dimers corresponding to products of HLA-DQ genes linked to DR3 and DR4, i.e., the DQw2 and DQw3 genes, respectively. Two types of DQ molecules were found: immunoprecipitation by DQw3-specific monoclonal antibody 17.15 identified a DQw3 beta-chain associating with a DQw3 alpha-chain and a DQw3 beta-chain associating with a DQw2 alpha-chain. The identity of alpha- and beta chains comprising these hybrid molecules was confirmed by HPLC peptide-map analysis. Several characteristic peptide peaks identified both DQw2 and DQw3 alpha-chains associated with DQw3 beta-chains. The formation of such DQ alpha (DQw2)-Dq beta (DQw3) dimers potentially contributes a direct molecular mechanism for HLA-associated contributions to disease in DR3/DR4 heterozygotes. PMID- 3491771 TI - [Persistent lymphoadenopathy syndrome: a clinical contribution]. PMID- 3491772 TI - [Sugiura's operation: a Japanese exclusive?]. AB - Fifteen patients with liver cirrhosis (11) or intrahepatic non cirrhotic portal hypertension (4) and previous variceal bleeding were electively treated by Sugiura's operation. There were no operative death. One patient (6.6 p. 100) had recurrent variceal bleeding 58 months postoperatively. One other patient had a self-limited episode of encephalopathy The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 81 p. 100. Four of the cirrhotic patients operated more than 5 years ago were alive at 5 years. The operation resulted in portal vein thrombosis in 2 patients, one of whom died. Results of this small series are quite similar to those of the largest Japanese series. They suggest that Sugiura's procedure has a low operative risk, is very efficient in preventing variceal rebleeding and does not result in encephalopathy. PMID- 3491773 TI - Nature of immune complexes in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. AB - Immune complexes containing antinuclear antibodies have been observed in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Using a library of nuclear constituents (deoxyribonucleic acid, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and histones), we analyzed the antigens involved in formation of immune complexes. Immune complexes were defined in dissociation experiments, and after separation under dissociating conditions. Immune complexes composed of histones and immunoglobulin G were observed in four of nine immune complex-positive autoimmune chronic active hepatitis sera. Immune complexes containing the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1-RNP and immunoglobulin G were observed in two additional samples. Kidney eluates obtained from 2 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and membranous glomerulonephritis revealed enrichment of anti-U1-RNP, suggesting specific deposition of this antibody in complexed form. Circulating immune complexes containing histones were observed only in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis-associated sicca syndrome; those containing U1-RNP were restricted to patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis associated with kidney disease. PMID- 3491775 TI - The economic burden of depression. AB - This article provides estimates of direct treatment costs and indirect costs from lost productivity associated with the morbidity and mortality of depression. Data are based on epidemiologic estimates of the prevalence of major depressive illness and on the number of suicides assumed to be secondary to depression. The number of hospitalizations, hospital days, physician and mental health provider visits, home/nursing home costs, and pharmaceutical costs are estimated. The direct and indirect costs are estimated to be approximately $16.3 billion per year. These economic figures provide a lower-bound estimate of the full economic burden of major depression and further emphasize the need for timely recognition and treatment to potentially minimize the negative impact of the illness on society. PMID- 3491774 TI - Esophagitis in scleroderma. Prevalence and risk factors. AB - Of 53 patients with scleroderma (43 women and 10 men) evaluated by esophagoscopy and biopsy, 32 (60%) had erosive esophagitis. Symptoms of heartburn and dysphagia were significantly more frequent in the patients who had erosive esophagitis but often were present in those without this condition. Abnormal motility characterized by loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus was present in all patients with erosive esophagitis, including the 5 who were asymptomatic. No patient with normal esophageal motility had erosive esophagitis at endoscopy. The patients with erosive esophagitis also had significantly diminished lower esophageal sphincter pressures and increased frequency and duration of gastroesophageal reflux episodes. Stricture was present in 13 of 32 patients with erosive esophagitis and was absent in the other 21 patients. The duration of disease, rate of gastric emptying, and fungal smear and culture were not significantly different in those with or without esophagitis. Treatment of fungal infection for a month had little beneficial effect. The pattern of esophageal motility in scleroderma identifies high and low risk groups for esophagitis and stricture, and can be used to select those who require further investigation, irrespective of symptoms. PMID- 3491777 TI - Immune deficiency and invasive carcinoma of the vulva in a young woman: a case report. AB - A case report on a 26-year-old virgo intacta with a long standing history of pruritus vulvi, obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic diarrhea presenting with an invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva in association with chronic malabsorption and T-lymphocyte deficiency. PMID- 3491776 TI - T-lymphocyte populations in normal and coeliac small intestinal mucosa defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Counts of T-lymphocytes within surface and crypt epithelium and lamina propria of normal and coeliac small intestinal mucosa using an immunoperoxidase method are described and related statistically to changes in mucosal structure determined by quantitative histology. The use of multiple pan-T-lymphocyte and subset antibodies allowed comparison of marker patterns in normal and abnormal mucosa. Total numbers of surface epithelial T-lymphocytes and subtypes were not found to be increased in coeliac disease, but there was an increase in density per unit length of epithelium. Distinctive changes in expression of Leu 1, Leu 2, and Leu 5 by the surface epithelial T-lymphocytes suggest that, although their total numbers are not increased, these cells are not passively crowded but have an active role, possibly as committed cytotoxic lymphocytes. Natural killer cells do not appear to be a major population in normal or coeliac small intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3491778 TI - [Pharmacological studies on Y-8894. (III). Its effect on the abnormal electrocorticogram induced by destruction of the internal capsule]. AB - The effect of Y-8894 on the abnormal electrocorticogram (ECoG) of alcuronium immobilized rats, induced by destruction of the internal capsule with heat, was compared with that produced by imipramine, amantadine and Ca-hopantenate. ECoG power in the delta + theta (1-7 Hz), alpha (7.5-12.5 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) bands was used as an index. Delta + theta power increased following destruction of the internal capsule with heat. The increased delta + theta power (abnormal ECoG) lasted for 60 min following the injection of saline at 60 degrees C for 3 min. Y-8894 (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.v.) apparently improved the abnormal ECoG dose dependently by significantly reducing the increased delta + theta power. Similar results were obtained with amantadine (10 mg/kg, i.v.), but its potency was weaker than that of Y-8894. Imipramine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and Ca-hopantenate (30 mg/kg, i.v.), however, both failed to modify the abnormal ECoG. All drugs, except Ca-hopantenate, decreased the magnitudes of the alpha and beta bands. The above results suggest that Y-8894 may be effective in ameliorating cerebral dysfunction induced experimentally by the lesion of the internal capsule. PMID- 3491779 TI - Late-onset form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the HLA-B14; DR1 haplotype is caused by a duplication in the 21-OH MHC gene region. PMID- 3491780 TI - Pitfalls in studies of prophylactic therapy for variceal bleeding in cirrhotics. PMID- 3491781 TI - Substrate binding nodes of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase. PMID- 3491782 TI - Stimulus-dependent triggering or inhibition of cytotoxicity in human cytotoxic T lymphocytes by activators of protein kinase C. AB - The influence of activators of protein kinase C (PKC) on the delivery of the lethal hit by human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones was studied. In the absence of other signals, short-term incubation with two structurally unrelated activators of PKC, but not with a non-activating phorbolester, resulted in significant triggering of CTL, whereas overnight incubation with PKC activators led to reduction of cytotoxic activity. Furthermore, activation of PKC had an inhibitory effect on simultaneous triggering by anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies or by phytohaemagglutinin, but strongly enhanced the activating effect of anti-T11 antibodies. These results suggest that PKC is part of the cascade of signals transmitted within a CTL after triggering. PMID- 3491783 TI - Human T lymphocytes expressing a defined T-cell antigen receptor family specifically kill the hybridoma that makes the anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. AB - Human T lymphocytes expressing a family of T-cell antigen receptors defined by a particular monoclonal antibody can be induced to grow with the Mab and recombinant IL-2. The resulting population consists largely of cells that have the phenotype T3+, T8+, T4-, and that react with the inducing anti-TcR Mab. The ability of such T cells to kill the hybridoma which produces the inducing Mab has been investigated. Specific killing is demonstrated which is inhibited by Mab to T3, TcR, and LFA-1. Further, lytic activity is rapidly lost when cultures are deprived of lymphokines. Cytolytic activity is restored by incubating cells in recombinant IL-2. PMID- 3491785 TI - Dietary fat influences the expression of autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr/lpr mice. AB - Near-isocaloric diets with qualitative and quantitative differences in fat content have a profound influence on the manifestation and progression of the autoimmune syndrome that occurs in female MRL/lpr mice. In these animals, a high (9%) lipid intake resulted in a significantly higher mortality rate: 60% (saturated fat) and 75% (unsaturated fat) compared to 35% at 1 year for a group fed a diet low in fat. Furthermore, beginning at 7 months of age mice from both of the high fat diet groups exhibited a significantly higher incidence of proteinuria than mice in the low fat group. Immunologically, the group fed the high unsaturated fat diet had the highest incidence of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and the high saturated fat group had the poorest macrophage phagocytic function. The low fat diet preserved near 'normal' immune function in general, particularly IL-2 production. No significant differences were noted in either the production of rheumatoid factor or natural killer cell activity, irrespective of age or diet. PMID- 3491784 TI - The primary mediastinal clear cell lymphoma of B-cell type has variable defects in MHC antigen expression. AB - Eight cases of the recently reported 'primary mediastinal clear cell lymphoma of B-cell type' (Moller et al., 1986) were examined immunohistologically for the expression of cytoplasmic and/or surface antigens of MHC class I and II with mAbs directed against framework determinants of HLA-A,B,C (W6/32; B9.12.1), HLA DP,DR,DQ (2.06), -DQ (Leu 10; Tu22), -DR (Tu34) gene products, and with mAbs specific for beta 2-microglobulin (BBM-1) and the HLA-D associated invariant chain (Vic-Y1). Besides the reported Ig-deficiency, the neoplastic B-cells of 7/8 tumours have variable defects in MHC antigen expression. Three lack both class I and class II antigens, one tumour lacks class I antigens but expresses HLA-DQ and -DR on the majority of neoplastic cells, three others contain varying proportions of MHC-antigen deficient tumour cells. The expression of Ii is closely correlated with HLA-D(R) expression and its antigenic sites are strictly located in the cytoplasm. Against the background of current knowledge, the variable and occasionally severe defects in MHC antigen expression within the herein presented series of B-cell lymphomas suggest that this unusual feature might be another characteristic of a novel lymphoma type. PMID- 3491786 TI - Somatic cell variants of H-2Kb: a point mutation in the first extracellular domain results in altered immune recognition. AB - A cell-surface-associated variant H-2K product was expressed by an Abelson virus induced pre-B-cell line after chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate. The variant cell line (R8.313) was previously demonstrated to have altered allodeterminants in Kb as demonstrated by both Kb-specific monoclonal antibody binding and alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytolysis. The mutant H-2Kb gene from R8.313 was cloned and characterized in detail. DNA sequence analysis of the region of the gene corresponding to the three extracellular domains identified a single point mutation resulting in a leucine-to-phenylalanine substitution at amino acid residue 82. The site of mutation within the alpha 1 domain was confirmed by oligonucleotide hybridization analysis. Mouse L-cell fibroblasts transfected with the mutant gene were recognized with the same monoclonal antibody binding and CTL lytic pattern as the R8.313 cell line, confirming that the altered phenotype of the mutant cell line was due to a point mutation in the H-2Kb gene. These data further extend the hypothesis that the region of amino acid residues 70-90 in the alpha 1 domain is important in the formation of both antibody and CTL-defined recognition structures on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. PMID- 3491788 TI - Isolation and characterization of psoralen photoadducts to DNA and related model compounds. AB - The main products of the photoreaction of 3-carbethoxypsoralen and 8 methoxypsoralen with 2'-deoxyribonucleosides have been isolated and characterized by various spectroscopic measurements involving proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry (fast atom bombardment and 252Cf plasma desorption techniques). Near ultraviolet photolysis of frozen aqueous solutions of thymidine containing 3-carbethoxypsoralen gives rise to two furan-side photocycloadducts having cis-syn stereochemistry. The corresponding thymine mean value of 3 carbethoxy-psoralen monoadduct has been shown to be the major photoproduct in DNA. The main cis-syn diastereoisomeric [2+2] photocycloadducts which arise from the photoreaction of 8-methoxypsoralen and thymidine in frozen aqueous solutions were shown to involve either the 4',5' furan ring or the 3,4 pyrone moiety and the 5,6-pyrimidine bond. Photobinding of 8-methoxypsoralen to 2'-deoxyadenosine also occurs, with covalent bond formation between carbon 3 or 4 of the pyrone ring and the sugar moiety of the nucleoside. PMID- 3491787 TI - Differential effect of hybrid resistance on the localization of virus-immune effector T cells to spleen and brain. AB - The hybrid resistance (Hr) effect operates in the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) in vivo transfer model to inhibit both the level of cytotoxicity T lymphocyte (CTL) generation in spleen and the induction of inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The effect is seen when LCM virus-immune T cells that are homozygous for H-2Db are injected into virus-infected, immunosuppressed recipients that are heterozygous for this allele, or into radiation chimeras that express an appropriate F1 phenotype. Evidence that Hr to T-cell transfer is cell dose-dependent and tends to diminish with age was found in both chimeric and normal F1 mice. Inhibition of the capacity of injected T cells to cause meningitis is a more sensitive measure of Hr than is the further stimulation of CTL effectors in recipient lymphoid tissue. The injection of large numbers of H 2b virus-immune T cells into (H-2k X H-2bF1----H-2k) virus-infected recipients did not induce any cellular extravasation into CSF, though potent H-2b-restricted CTL effectors were generated in recipient spleen. Evidence of minimal inflammatory process was found in one experiment where these chimeras were given a comparable dose of (H-2b X H-2d)F1 immune spleen cells. Development of this T cell-mediated immunopathological process depends essentially on the expression of the appropriate H-2 restriction element on radiation-resistant host cells which, in this case, presumably constitute part of the physiological barrier between blood and CSF. PMID- 3491789 TI - Quantitation of etheno adducts by fluorescence detection. AB - Etheno adducts can be formed by the reaction of vinyl chloride metabolites with DNA and may play a role in the carcinogenicity of this chemical. These adducts are highly fluorescent and may be quantitated by sensitive photometric methods in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation. Three HPLC systems were evaluated on the basis of maximal fluorescence intensity and resolution of two etheno adducts, ethenodeoxycytidine and ethenodeoxyadenosine. Analyses were conducted with enzymatically digested DNA that had been incubated with chloroacetaldehyde, a vinyl chloride metabolite which may cause etheno adduct formation in vivo. All three known etheno adducts of DNA were tentatively identified in DNA reacted in vitro. The sensitivity of the method was highest for the ethenodeoxyadenosine adduct, with the limit of detection (1 pmol per injection in the HPLC system) being similar to that for O6-methylguanine, another promutagenic DNA adduct for which quantitation by HPLC with fluorescence detection has been reported. The method described here may be useful for the analysis of DNA from animals or humans exposed to vinyl chloride. PMID- 3491790 TI - Production of immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies to IgG in rabbits inoculated with Mycoplasma salivarium cells grown in medium supplemented with rabbit serum. AB - Mycoplasma salivarium cells propagated in PPLO broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) supplemented with rabbit serum (10% [vol/vol]) and harvested by centrifugation were shown to contain rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (approximately 4 to 10% of total cell proteins) and to produce IgM autoantibodies to IgG when inoculated into rabbits. PMID- 3491792 TI - Establishment of a murine leukemia L1210-specific T-cell clone displaying novel in vivo anti-tumor activity. AB - The murine leukemia L1210-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone K7 was established by repeated antigenic stimulation of spleen cells of L1210-immune CD2F1 mice in long term culture. K7 possessed L1210-specific cytolytic activity detectable by the 51Cr-release test, but lost its cytolytic activity about 100 days after initiation of culture (designated as clone K7L). Clone K7L retained its L1210 specific tumor-growth-inhibitory activity independently of culture supplementation with IL-2. K7L possessed the cell-surface antigenic phenotype of cytotoxic T cells, Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+. This clone K7L displayed surprisingly strong activity in specifically inhibiting in vivo tumor growth of L1210 by day 5 in the peritoneal cavity of CD2F1 mice when injected together with 10(5) tumor cells (more than 90% inhibition at E/T = 5), and prolonged survival times of most of the mice for more than 60 days, whereas control mice inoculated with L1210 alone died on day 9-17. This unique in vivo anti-tumor activity was not correlated to the in vitro cytolytic activity. Nevertheless, bystander inhibitory effect on the growth of third-party tumor cells (P388) was not seen in mice injected with a mixture of L1210 and P388 together with K7L, suggesting that K7L inhibited L1210 growth by direct cell-to-cell interaction. Host cells such as X irradiation (800R)-sensitive lymphocytes and Carrageenan-sensitive macrophages were not involved in the early growth inhibition of L1210 by K7L. PMID- 3491791 TI - Prevention of infection in acute leukemia: a prospective randomized study on the efficacy of two different drug regimens for antimicrobial prophylaxis. AB - In a prospective study patients with acute leukemia undergoing remission induction therapy were randomized to receive either a regimen of non-absorbable antimicrobial drugs (colistin and neomycin) or of absorbable and non-absorbable drugs (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMZ] and colistin) for antibacterial prophylaxis. For antifungal prophylaxis patients in both groups were given oral amphotericin B. The proportion of patients without acquired infections and the median of study time to the first acquired infection did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups (p greater than 0.05). Septicemias occurred in nine out of 49 recipients of colistin and neomycin and in one out of 56 patients receiving TMP-SMZ and colistin (p = 0.03). Localized infections and fever episodes without proven infections were equally distributed between the two groups. The incidence of febrile days and of days on parenteral antibiotic therapy was significantly lower in the group given TMP-SMZ and colistin (p less than 0.05). The duration of severe granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia did not differ significantly between the two groups (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 3491793 TI - Purified colony stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF) induce differentiation in human HL60 leukemic cells with suppression of clonogenicity. AB - Purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHGM CSF) and purified native murine granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) both induced differentiation in HL60 cells as evidenced by expression of granulocyte and macrophage membrane antigens, although this was not accompanied by morphological evidence of differentiation. Both types of CSF suppressed clonogenic HL60 cells with evidence of complete clonal extinction. The suppression of clonogenic HL60 cells was preceded in some experiments by CSF-stimulated proliferation of HL60 cells, and this was most evident in cultures containing low concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS). PMID- 3491794 TI - RF 46-790 versus paracetamol: effect on post-operative pain. AB - The analgetic efficacy of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug fluproquazone (RF 46-790, Sandoz A. G., Switzerland) was tested versus paracetamol in a double-blind parallel group study using pain after surgical removal of impacted third molars. The patients received 3 doses of 100 mg fluproquazone or 500 mg paracetamol. Statistical analysis was made for the first and last dose. No statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment groups with respect to the first and last dose taken. Only minor complaints of side effects were noted with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The study indicates equianalgesia of 100 mg fluproquazone and 500 mg paracetamol which is supported by studies with other pain models. The analgetic properties of fluproquazone are reviewed. PMID- 3491795 TI - Barbadian adolescents' knowledge of, and attitudes toward, drugs: an exploratory study. AB - A questionnaire examining drug attitudes and use was completed by 414 Barbadian secondary school students. Self-reports indicated approximately 70% had tried alcohol, 30% had smoked tobacco, and 9% had tried marijuana. Only one had used heroin and none had tried cocaine. The great majority of students thought it important to be well informed about drugs, and that their government was not doing enough to provide the necessary education or to halt the cultivation and importation of illegal substances. Findings are discussed with reference to public and media concern about drug abuse in the Caribbean. PMID- 3491797 TI - Discrepancy between the production of interleukin 1, alpha-interferon and granulocytic colony-stimulating activity of human monocytes stimulated by a partially purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor. AB - A partially purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor (pp-CSF), with a specific activity of 1.0 X 10(6) U/mg protein, was purified by using a stepwise DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography and a molecular sieve high performance liquid chromatography (TSK gel G3000SW) sequentially. Production of three kinds of monokines by human peripheral blood monocytes was tested in vitro, which contained granulocytic colony-stimulating activity (G-CSA), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interferon alpha (IFN-alpha). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation, and monocytes were obtained by adherence to dishes. Although pp-CSF stimulated monocytes to produce G-CSA in vitro, it failed to stimulate the IL-1 or IFN-alpha production. The discrepancy between production or release of these three kinds of monokines by human monocytes stimulated with pp-CSF suggests that pp-CSF preferentially stimulates human monocytes to produce G-CSA. To test the effects of pp-CSF on human monocytes in vivo, we performed i.v. infusions of pp-CSF to four volunteers, and we then took peripheral blood monocytes. Compared to before the infusion of pp-CSF, G-CSA production by monocytes was enhanced, while production of IL-1 and IFN-alpha was not enhanced after the infusion of pp-CSF. These results suggest that pp-CSF stimulates monocytes to produce G-CSA but not to produce IL-1 nor IFN-alpha. PMID- 3491796 TI - Perceived environmental drug use risk and the correlates of early drug use or nonuse among inner-city youths: the motivated actor. AB - The extent to which youth perceive their neighborhood to be at risk was found to be directly related to a series of life-style and drug use context variables. Further, the extent of drug use (nonuse, only alcohol, both alcohol and marijuana) was directly related to two of these variables, but inversely related to the extent their friends used "hard" drugs. These results indicate the critical importance of incorporating a measure of perceived risk into drug studies of adolescents, and highlight the need to view youth as motivated actors, guiding their own behavior in an attempt to actualize self-defined values. This is in direct contrast to most theoretical perspectives which regard this age group as merely responding to powerful external influences. PMID- 3491798 TI - Enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 production and NK activity by inmunoferon (AM-3), a fungal immunomodulator: variations in normal and immunosuppressed mice. AB - The in vivo effect of Inmunoferon (AM-3), a glycophosphopeptide of fungal origin, has been studied on T and B lymphocyte mitogenesis, Interleukin 2 (IL-2) synthesis and natural killer (NK) activity. Inmunoferon (30 mg/kg/day) was administered to several groups of mice 2, 3 or 7 days/week for 2 weeks, and its effect assessed on day 15 of treatment. Every treatment assayed enhanced IL-2 and NK activity in the spleen. The greater effect was produced by daily administration of the immunomodulator. No enhancement was found in mitogen induced proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. Similar treatments with Inmunoferon enhanced NK activity in the spleens of mice treated with 250 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. In addition, mitogenic responses of T lymphocytes, but not IL-2 production, were also increased in immunosuppressed mice after treatment with the immunomodulator. PMID- 3491799 TI - Kinetic analysis of the immunopotentiating effect of the hypoxanthine analogue, NPT-15392, on the interleukin-2 production potential of human lymphocytes. AB - Previous studies have shown that NPT-15392 (9-erythro-(2-hydroxy, 3-nonyl) hypoxanthine) enhances a variety of lymphoid functional activities including proliferative responses to various antigenic and mitogenic stimuli. In order to account at least partially for this immunopotentiation by NPT-15392, we examined the effects of this compound on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by cultures of mitogen-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Coculture of PBMC with NPT-15392 and concanavalin A (Con A) for 24 h resulted in significant increase of IL-2 in the supernatants of such cultures as compared with the IL-2 levels of control, non-NPT-treated, Con A-activated cultures. This enhancing effect was demonstrable with final culture concentrations of NPT-15392 ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 microgram/ml. Doses of NPT-15392 in excess of 5.0 micrograms/ml resulted in modest suppression of net IL-2 production. Pretreatment of PBMC with NPT-15392 for 2-4 h prior to activation with Con A was sufficient to achieve maximum enhancement of IL-2 production (20-40% average increase). Exposure of PBMC to NPT-15392 for longer periods (i.e. 24 h) did not result in higher levels of IL-2 production. NPT-15392 alone did not induce IL-2 synthesis at any of the doses employed and did not induce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent target cells used to quantitate IL-2 activity. Because of the multipotential role of IL 2 in the immune system, enhancement of IL-2 production by NPT-15392 may be a central pathway whereby this compound augments many lymphoid effector functions. PMID- 3491800 TI - Chemical competition in target radical reactions: numerical simulation of the theory and comparison with measured oxygen effect on DNA damage in cells. AB - An intracellular radiation-chemical reaction scheme is tested in which solute and solvent radicals R. react with non-target molecules Sa (scavengers) or with target molecules (presumed to be DNA) to produce target radicals T., which may also be produced by direct ionization of DNA. The rate of target radical decomposition to become 'uncommitted damage' that the cell may repair is affected by the concentration of oxygen (O2), thiols (S) and electronaffinic sensitizers (F), which compete with one another to form, respectively, target products TO2, TS and TF. This uncommitted damage is then subject to biochemical modification, including molecular repair, by the cell. The rate equations for this competing reaction scheme were written and programmed for computer simulations of changes in oxygen, thiol and electronaffinic sensitizer concentrations. A reaction scheme that also includes some non-radical target damage was also simulated. Simulations were made using available experimental data concerning intranuclear concentrations and reaction rate constants, respectively, ko, ks and k1 for the reactions T. + O2----TO2, T. + S----TS and T. + F----TF, which produce uncommitted chemical damage. Experimental data on strand-break induction in glutathione-proficient and glutathione-deficient cells, in cells treated with thiol active agents, and in cells treated with hypoxic sensitizers, along with the computer simulations, generally agree that thiol molecules can react with target radicals to reverse T. in competition with O2 and/or electronaffinic sensitizers. Forward reaction rate constants ko, ks (dithiothreitol), ks (glutathione) and k1 (misonidazole) in the approximate ratio 10:0.3:0.02:0.4 satisfied the above reaction scheme, and approximately 5 per cent non-radical target molecule damage could be included with satisfactory agreement with experimental data. PMID- 3491802 TI - Radiation and haematopoiesis in Harwell steel mice. AB - Haematological information on steel (Sl) mice is limited largely to Sl/Sld mice of Bar Harbor stock (WC.B6 F1). Therefore, two Harwell alleles, SlgbH and Slcon, were investigated. In the steady state both heterozygotes were modestly anaemic, homozygous Slcon and compound Slcon/SlgbH more so. On perturbation by X irradiation Slcon/SlgbH showed a decrease in median lethal dose (MLD)--6.5 Gy, Slcon/+ and Slcon/Slcon slightly less change (7.5 Gy) compared with +/+, 8 Gy. In recovery from sublethal doses single heterozygotes, double heterozygotes with Wv, and compounds showed no delay in restoration of the count of red blood corpuscles (RBC) such as that seen in typical W mice (e.g. Wv/+, W/Wv). Effects on Slcon/Slcon and Slcon/SlgbH differ from those reported for Sl/Sld in that they show normal growth of spleen colonies when used as lethally irradiated recipients of bone marrow, they support growth of implanted bone marrow to form radiation chimaeras. When Harwell steel mice are donors of bone marrow to lethally irradiated +/+ mice the chimaeras ultimately are not anaemic; when lethally irradiated Harwell steel mice are recipients of +/+ marrow they remain macrocytically anaemic. One deduces that, for normal development and production of normal RBC in the steady state, the erythron requires intrinsic factors determined by wild type alleles at the W locus and extrinsic factors determined by wild type alleles at the Sl locus. Mutant alleles at either locus may determine macrocytosis. Two mutant alleles at either locus are still more deleterious, often lethal. Whereas mutant W alleles may also influence the pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) leading to reduced MLD on X irradiation, a similarly reduced MLD for Sl mutants may represent an increased need for and consumption of products of the haematopoietic stem cells rather than truly increased radiosensitivity, since the Do for spleen colony-forming units is the same for Slcon/SlgbH as +/+ mice. PMID- 3491803 TI - Age-dependent variations in cellular susceptibility to neoplastic transformation. PMID- 3491801 TI - Studies concerning the effects of low level prenatal X-irradiation on postnatal growth and adult behaviour in the Wistar rat. AB - Fifty-nine pregnant Wistar strain rats were sham irradiated or subjected to a 0.1 or 0.2 Gy exposure of X-radiation on the 9th or 17th day of gestation. Twenty seven of the females were killed at term for teratologic analysis. The remaining mothers raised their young. At 60 days of age the 252 offsprings were randomly assigned three of six tests: open field, swimming, hanging, activity wheel, water T-maze, or conditioned avoidance response. Male offspring exposed at the 0.2 Gy level exhibited retarded growth only during the first few weeks of postnatal life. Female offspring exposed on the 17th day to 0.2 Gy X-radiation were growth retarded throughout the test period. Postnatal growth rates, however, were not significantly different between the irradiated and control groups. There were no significant alterations in adult behaviour due to prenatal X-irradiation. There were sex differences in activity wheel and forelimb hanging performance, unrelated to radiation exposure. These results indicate that prenatal low level X irradiation on the 9th or 17th day of gestation does not result in significant alterations in adult behavioural performance in the rat, but prenatal growth retardation persists postnatally. Growth may be a more sensitive indicator of the effects of prenatal exposure to X-radiation than postnatal behaviour. PMID- 3491804 TI - Effective chelation therapy after incorporation of neptunium-239 in rats. AB - It was demonstrated in rats that it is possible to reduce the retention of 239Np in all body tissues by an early combined treatment with small doses of DTPA and DFOA. The content of 239Np can be decreased in soft tissues even if treatment is delayed. Promptly administered LICAM(C) proved more effective than the above chelate combination in reducing 239Np retention in the bones but increased that in the muscles and especially in the kidneys. This side effect of LICAM(C) could be partly prevented by simultaneous treatment with DTPA. PMID- 3491805 TI - The effect of combined treatment with platinum complexes and ionizing radiation on DNA in vitro. AB - The conformation of isolated calf-thymus DNA treated with cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) or its trans-isomer (trans-DDP) and gamma radiation in combination was investigated by means of differential pulse polarography and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results revealed that combined treatment with antitumour active cis-DDP enhanced the extent of double stranded distorted regions in DNA molecules. If irradiation preceded the platination, the combined effect was purely additive, while the reverse order of application of the two agents resulted in an increased effect over and above what may be expected from using the two modalities separately. These results were explained on the basis of the hypothesis that favours as a major mechanism of this combined effect the fixation by the binding of cis-DDP of DNA lesions introduced during radiation. Combined treatment with antitumour inactive trans DDP resulted in the enhancement of single-stranded, denatured DNA yield. However, more extensive alterations in DNA conformation were observed if DNA was platinated after irradiation. The different effects of the combined treatments with cis- and trans-DDP were thought to be connected with the different destabilizing effects resulting from distinct conformational distortions induced by the two isomers. PMID- 3491806 TI - Exposure to Legionella in geriatric institutions. AB - A study of seroreactivity to six Legionella species (L. pneumophila, L. longbeachae, L. micdadei, L. gormanii, L. dumoffii and L. bozemanii) performed in two geriatric hospitals, a day club for the aged and a group of aged with independent life styles revealed a high prevalence of seropositivity in the hospitals. A titer of 1:256 to at least one antigen was obtained in 30.5% of the patients and 35.7% of the staff members from one hospital, 12.1% of the patients and 17.2% of the staff members from a second hospital, 9.1% of the day club attendants, and in none of the 26 old people living in their own households. A second study of the possible source of Legionella spp. in three geriatric hospitals was performed. Three strains of L. pneumophila [serogroup (SG) 1, 3 and 6] were isolated from water, one water sample was positive for L. pneumophila SG 1-4 (pool), by direct immunofluorescence staining only. In a survey of seroconversion to Legionella antigens, 105 new patients were investigated on their arrival day and over a 2-year period; 24% of the patients who could be followed up significantly seroconverted to at least one of the Legionella antigens. Although the findings proved that Legionella existed on the premises of two hospitals, and the high prevalence of seropositivity to Legionella spp. indicated intramural exposure to the agents of legionellosis at one hospital, we found no evidence linking these agents to patient illness. PMID- 3491807 TI - Association between HLA-DR4 and production of collagen-specific antibodies in Israeli patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Antibodies to native human Type I + III collagen were measured by a radioimmunoassay in sera samples of 42 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Sixteen patients (38%) had significant antibody titers. Although the frequency of HLA-DR antigens of RA patients did not differ from that of the random Israeli population, there was a significant association (P less than 0.01) between the presence of collagen antibodies and HLA-DR4. PMID- 3491808 TI - Importance of small bowel involvement in bleeding angiodysplasia. AB - Lower intestinal bleeding related to enterocolic angiodysplasia is now accepted as a common clinical situation in the elderly. A planned approach is mandatory to allow early localization and appropriate therapy. Colonoscopy, scintigraphy and angiography used judiciously have almost entirely replaced exploratory laparotomy as a diagnostic tool. Nonoperative treatment comprising arteriographic selective vasopressin infusion and endoscopic coagulation has been followed in some cases by hemorrhage control. Such techniques, if easily obtainable, have their place; however, surgery remains the ultimate method for definitive treatment. A previous knowledge of the nature of ileal involvement is essential if surgical hemostasis is to be achieved. The recent successful management of three patients exemplifies the problems found in dealing with iliocecal bleeding angiodysplasia. PMID- 3491809 TI - Legionellosis in animals in Israel. AB - The lungs of 139 deceased and 29 slaughtered calves were examined for Legionella by culture and by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) with fluorescein-conjugated antisera. About 17% of the cadaver lungs and 4% of lungs from slaughtered animals were positive by DIF, but only two L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains were isolated from the lungs of two cadavers. In a prevalence study of antibodies to Legionella in domestic and wild animals of various species, titers of 1:64 were demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in the sera of 10% of the dairy cattle, 5% of the beef cattle, 4% of the sheep, 22% of the antelopes, 35% of the horses, 36% of the water buffaloes and none of the laboratory rabbits. The isolation of Legionella from lung tissue is the strongest indication so far reported of the possible role of Legionella spp. in animal disease. PMID- 3491810 TI - Relationship of core temperature at time of blanket removal to subsequent core temperature in patients immediately after coronary artery bypass. PMID- 3491811 TI - Creatinine and PABA as markers for completeness of collection of 24-hour urine samples. PMID- 3491812 TI - Blind confirmation in Leiden of Geczy factor on the cells of Dutch patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - A follow-up blind study, of the ability of "cross-reactive" antisera to distinguish between the cells of Dutch patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and normal controls, was performed in Leiden. Of the 45 cell samples tested, 29 were fresh peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells while 15 were cryopreserved PBM. No false positives but one false negative was identified among the 45 samples, and the "negative" was confirmed after the recoded cryopreserved cells from this patient were retested. It is concluded that the "cross-reactive" antisera raised in Sydney give good discrimination between patients and normals. Factors affecting the success of the 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay, and possible reasons for the failure of others to confirm these observations, are briefly discussed. PMID- 3491813 TI - HLA antigens as carrier molecules. PMID- 3491814 TI - Activated human T cells can present denatured antigen. AB - The requirements for activated, Ia-positive human T cells to present antigen were examined. Although activated T cells could present allo-Ia antigens, activated T cells could not present native, soluble protein antigens. We have now shown that activated T cells can present denatured protein antigens to stimulate proliferation of antigen-specific T-cell lines. Since denatured antigen may represent a processed form of antigen, the data suggest that activated T cells can present antigen but may not be able to process antigen as efficiently as other presenting cells. We have also shown that antigen-specific T-cell lines, which are also Ia positive, are able to present antigen to themselves, if the antigen is in a denatured form. Autopresentation requires a critical minimal cell number to stimulate proliferation, even with denatured antigen. The ability of activated T cells to present antigen may reflect an important amplification or feedback mechanism of immune regulation. PMID- 3491815 TI - Association of the HLA-DR2/DR4 phenotype with skin test responses to bovine dermal collagen: a potential interaction of two MHC alleles in regulating an immune response. AB - We examined the HLA-DR characteristics of a population of 30 healthy collagen responders. Each had previously exhibited a localized hypersensitivity response to an intradermal challenge with a bovine collagen implant. A one-tailed binomial test revealed a significant increase in the alloantigen DR2 (p less than 0.007) and an increase in DR4 which bordered on significance (p less than 0.06). These data are consistent with murine studies that demonstrate that the immune response to bovine collagen is under H-2 linked genetic control. Furthermore, the increased frequencies of DR2 and DR4 in these collagen responders were attributable to a statistically significant disruption in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in favor of the heterozygote DR2/DR4 (p less than 0.0001). This finding supports a model in which at least two interacting HLA-linked alleles may influence the immune response to bovine collagen. PMID- 3491816 TI - HLA today. PMID- 3491817 TI - Sensitivity of neurons in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog to temporal characteristics of sound. III. Stimulation with natural and synthetic mating calls. AB - Using an ensemble of natural and synthetic mating calls we studied the single unit (N = 189) and small neuronal group (91 unit pairs) responsiveness in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog. We compared this responsiveness to that obtained for toneburst and sine-modulated stimuli in order to reveal the presence of so-called mating call detectors. Under the set of stimuli used 5% of the single units appeared to respond selectively to the natural mating call. Simultaneously recorded units appeared to have in about half of the cases identical properties, in the other half even completely complementary properties were found. These properties are related to the organizational structure of the torus semicircularis. A mechanism of feature extraction based on near coincident firings in simultaneously recorded neurons is presented. PMID- 3491818 TI - Genetic and biochemical basis of resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Resistance to beta-lactam drugs is usually determined by genes mediating the production of beta-lactamases. These genes can be located on resistance plasmids or on the chromosome. Resistance to drugs which have been available for many years is mostly transposable. Although the origin of these genes is not known, it is possible to draw a hypothetical flow diagram of the evolution of resistance genes in general. The mechanism of resistance although mediated in Gram-negative bacteria mostly by beta-lactamases cannot be simply described as the hydrolytic function of the enzyme. It is a complex interaction involving the affinity of the drug for the target and the lactamase, the amount of drug in the periplasmic space, the amount of enzyme and the number of lethal target sites. Usually one of these factors is predominant. PMID- 3491819 TI - Contractions of postmortem human saphenous veins perfused with pulsatile flow. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the contractions of postmortem human saphenous veins under pulsatile flow conditions as a simulation of coronary aortic bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Twenty-five cylindrical specimens of veins, obtained from 20 cadavers several hours after death, were mounted in a pulsatile flow system with a pulse rate of 80/min and a mean flow rate of 7 ml/min at various perfusion pressures. Prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2 alpha) was then applied to the outer physiological salt solution at a concentration of 3 X 10(-6) mol. Of the 25 veins, 18 (72%) contracted and seven did not. Contractions were observed at a mean perfusion pressure of less than 60 mmHg but not at higher pressures. Three contraction patterns were observed: One caused pressure gradients between the proximal and distal sites of the vein and showed periodic contractions (P); one showed only tonic contractions (T); the other showed pulse pressure increase without developing the pressure gradients (PP). The incidences of P, T, and PP in the 18 instances of contraction were 50%, 33%, and 17%, respectively. Repeated applications of PGF2 alpha to the same vein with the same and/or increased perfusion pressure caused changes of pattern in the direction of P to T, to PP, and to no response, whereas decreasing perfusion pressure caused the patterns to change in the reverse direction. The pressure gradients that developed in veins showing P and T patterns correlated well with the mean perfusion pressure (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491820 TI - Gut flora in HLA B27 related reactive arthropathy. PMID- 3491822 TI - Phorbol esters induce interleukin 2 mRNA in sensitive but not in resistant EL4 cells. AB - Phorbol ester sensitive EL4 cells become growth-inhibited and produce interleukin 2 when treated with phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate. Resistant cells lack both responses. To determine whether the defect in phorbol ester-resistant EL4 cells occurs pre- or post-transcriptionally, a hybridization assay for interleukin 2 mRNA was developed using two synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to mouse interleukin 2 mRNA as probes. Both probes hybridized to a 1-kilobase band in RNA from phorbol ester-treated sensitive cells. This RNA was detectable within 3 h of phorbol ester administration, and accumulation peaked by 12 h. The 1-kilobase band was induced in a concentration-dependent manner by 4-beta-phorbol-12, 13 dibutyrate but not by the inactive analog, 4-alpha-phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate. No bands hybridizing with the interleukin 2 probe were detected in RNA isolated from unstimulated cells or from phorbol ester-resistant EL4 cells at any time up to 24 h following phorbol ester stimulation. The accumulation of the RNA in sensitive cells was blocked when the protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide (75 microM) or puromycin (90 microM) were added within 1 h of the addition of phorbol ester. If cycloheximide was added 2 or more h after phorbol ester treatment, superinduction of the 1-kilobase band was observed. These results indicate that the failure of phorbol ester-resistant EL4 cells to produce interleukin 2 is due to a defect proximal to interleukin 2 transcription and that the accumulation of interleukin 2 mRNA in phorbol ester-sensitive EL4 cells requires protein synthesis. PMID- 3491821 TI - Nucleotide sequences and properties of the sites involved in lysogenic insertion of the bacteriophage HP1c1 genome into the Haemophilus influenzae chromosome. AB - Bacteriophage HP1c1 lysogenizes its host Haemophilus influenzae Rd by inserting its genome into the bacterial chromosome. The DNA segments corresponding to the integration regions on the phage and host chromosomes and the two junctions formed between phage and host sequences on lysogenic insertion were isolated and propagated in Escherichia coli HB101 as hybrid plasmids by using pBR322 as the vector. The nucleotide sequences in the vicinity of the point of recombinational insertion were determined. Phage and host DNA shared an extensive, nearly identical, segment that was 183 base pairs long. This segment consisted of 93 identical residues and a 27-residue portion containing 6 mismatches, followed by 63 identical residues. Recombinational insertion occurred within the 63-residue identical segment and involved neither duplication nor deletion of any residues. Short inverted repeats consisting of clustered A-T base pairs were present within the two 27-residue segments. Two additional sites on the host chromosome showed significant hybridization to the phage-host homology region. PMID- 3491823 TI - The formation of inositol 1,2-cyclic 4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,2-cyclic 4 bisphosphate on stimulation of mouse pancreatic minilobules with carbamylcholine. AB - When [3H]myoinositol-prelabeled pancreatic minilobules were incubated with carbamylcholine (CCh) for 30 min, followed by ionophoresis on paper of the aqueous extracts, there were distinct peaks of radioactivity immediately preceding inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (IP2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which, based on earlier studies with inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate (IcP), are the expected positions for inositol 1,2-cyclic 4-bisphosphate (IcP2) and inositol 1,2 cylic 4,5-trisphosphate (IcP3). These peaks were essentially absent on ionopherograms of extracts from minilobules not incubated with CCh. Similar results were obtained with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), except that the putative inositol cyclic phosphate peaks eluted immediately before the non-cyclic inositol polyphosphates, as to be expected. Taking advantage of the unique acid lability of the inositol cyclic phosphates, we demonstrate that the putative inositol cyclic polyphosphate peaks were specifically eliminated by prior hydrolysis of the aqueous extracts, as shown by either ionophoresis or HPLC. After preparative isolation of putative IcP2 and IcP3 by ionophoresis, acid hydrolysis shifted the positions of putative IcP2 and IcP3 peaks to the positions of standard IP2 and IP3, respectively, as shown by either ionophoresis or HPLC. The amounts of IcP, IcP2, and IcP3 formed on CCh stimulation, as measured by ionophoresis, were 0.7, 6.8, and 29.8% of that of, IP, IP2, and IP3, respectively (average of two experiments which agreed within 10%). PMID- 3491824 TI - Fatigue in isometric contraction in a single muscle fibre: a compartmental calcium ion flow model. AB - Fatigue in muscle is a complex biological phenomenon which has so far eluded a definite explanation. Many biochemical and physiological models have been suggested in the literature to account for the decrement in the ability of muscle to sustain a given level of force for a long time. Some of these models have been critically analysed in this paper and are shown to be not able to explain all the experimental observations. A new compartmental model based on the intracellular calcium ion movement in muscle is proposed to study the mechanical responses of a muscle fibre. Computer simulation is performed to obtain model responses in isometric contraction to an impulse and a train of stimuli of long duration. The simulated curves have been compared with experimentally observed mechanical responses of the semitendinosus muscle fibre of Rana pipiens. The comparison of computed and observed responses indicates that the proposed calcium ion model indeed accounts very well for the muscle fatigue. PMID- 3491826 TI - Transplantation studies to investigate mesoderm-ectoderm adhesive cell interactions during gastrulation. AB - Experiments involving transplantation of the roof of the blastocoel in Rana pipiens embryos reveal that the inner surface of the roof of the blastocoel must be coated with a fibrous extracellular matrix (F-ECM) to serve as a substratum for mesodermal cell migration. When the roof of the blastocoel is inverted the original outer surface, now projecting toward the blastocoel, does not become coated with F-ECM and does not support mesodermal cell migration. When the roof of the blastocoel is removed from a normal embryo and transplanted into an interspecific arrested hybrid embryo known to be deficient in F-ECM synthesis, the grafted ectodermal fragment does not become coated with F-ECM and does not support normal mesodermal cell migration. When a hybrid graft is placed in a normal embryo, the grafted ectodermal fragment becomes coated with F-ECM and supports mesodermal cell migration. In normal control embryos migrating mesodermal cells are polarized due to formation of lamellipodia on their leading but not their trailing edges. These cells are arranged in overlapping layers. The leading cells form lamellipodia on the roof of the blastocoel and trailing cells form lamellipodia on one another. PMID- 3491825 TI - Cell accumulation in the junctional region of denervated muscle. AB - If skeletal muscles are denervated, the number of mononucleated cells in the connective tissue between muscle fibers increases. Since interstitial cells might remodel extracellular matrix, and since extracellular matrix in nerve and muscle plays a direct role in reinnervation of the sites of the original neuromuscular junctions, we sought to determine whether interstitial cell accumulation differs between junctional and extrajunctional regions of denervated muscle. We found in muscles from frog and rat that the increase in interstitial cell number was severalfold (14-fold for frog, sevenfold for rat) greater in the vicinity of junctional sites than in extrajunctional regions. Characteristics of the response at the junctional sites of frog muscles are as follows. During chronic denervation, the accumulation of interstitial cells begins within 1 wk and it is maximal by 3 wk. Reinnervation 1-2 wk after nerve damage prevents the maximal accumulation. Processes of the cells form a multilayered veil around muscle fibers but make little, if any, contact with the muscle cell or its basal lamina sheath. The results of additional experiments indicate that the accumulated cells do not originate from terminal Schwann cells or from muscle satellite cells. Most likely the cells are derived from fibroblasts that normally occupy the space between muscle fibers and are known to make and degrade extracellular matrix components. PMID- 3491827 TI - Effect of vascular activity in the determination of rate constants for the uptake of 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: error analysis and normal values in older subjects. AB - Regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) can be calculated using data obtained during the kinetic analysis of 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake measured by positron emission tomography (PET). As a result the influence of vascular activity upon the determination of FDG rate constants can be minimized. The method is investigated by simulation experiments and by analysis of PET studies on seven older, healthy human volunteers aged 52-70 years. The accuracy of measured FDG rate constants k1, k2, and k3, obtained either by omitting the early portion of the uptake curve or by explicit inclusion of CBV as a fit parameter, is compared. The root mean square error in measured rate constant for the latter method is equivalent to that obtained by omitting the first 2.5-3 min of tissue data and neglecting the CBV term. Hence, added information about the physiological state of the tissue is obtained without compromising the accuracy of the (FDG) rate constant measurement. In hyperemic tissue the explicit determination of the vascular fraction results in more accurate estimates of the FDG rate constants. The ratio of CBV determined by this method to CBV obtained using C15O in six subjects with CBV in the normal range was 0.92 +/- 0.32. A comparison of the CBV image obtained by this method with that obtained using C15O in an arteriovenous malformation case demonstrates the accuracy of the approach over a wide range of CBV values. The mean value for CBV fraction in gray matter obtained by this method in the older control group was 0.040 +/- 0.014. Average gray matter rate constants obtained were k1 = 0.084 +/- 0.012, k2 = 0.150 +/- 0.071, and k3 = 0.099 +/- 0.045 min-1. PMID- 3491829 TI - Estimation of cumulative illness using cross-sectional data. AB - Using cross-sectional data, a general method is given for assessing cumulative illness due to a particular disease. An application is given to estimating cumulative illness due to otitis media in Australian aborigines and contrasting these results to the non-aboriginal population. PMID- 3491828 TI - Noninvasive xenon-133 measurements of cerebral blood flow using stationary detectors compared with dynamic emission tomography. AB - Repeated bedside measurements of CBF have been made possible by the recent development of a mobile unit with 10 stationary detectors using the intravenous xenon-133 method. To evaluate this technique, comparative CBF studies at rest and following the application of a cerebral vasodilatory stimulus (acetazolamide, 1 g i.v.) were performed with the mobile equipment and with xenon-133 single-photon emission inhalation tomography in patients with cerebrovascular disease. The CBF level and the flow response to acetazolamide as determined with the two methods were well correlated, although at low flow levels the stationary detectors yielded somewhat lower CBF values than did emission tomography. Considering the side-to-side asymmetry, an excellent correlation was obtained. Using the initial slope index, the stationary detectors revealed quantitatively 83% of the interhemispheric asymmetry and 63% of the asymmetry in the middle cerebral artery territory shown with the tomograph. As illustrated by a case history, the nontomographic CBF unit used in this study may provide reliable and useful information in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease by performing repeated CBF studies and challenging the cerebral circulation with acetazolamide. PMID- 3491830 TI - Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa: relation to state of nutrition, adrenal function, and intensity of depression. AB - To study the pathophysiology of hypercortisolism in anorexia nervosa, we measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in patients when they were underweight and at intervals after weight restoration. CSF CRH levels were significantly elevated in hypercortisolemic underweight patients. Both CSF CRH levels and pituitary-adrenal function normalized after weight recovery. A significant positive correlation was found between CSF CRH levels and depression ratings in weight-corrected patients. We conclude that the hypercortisolism of anorexia nervosa reflects a defect at or above the hypothalamus which results in the hypersecretion of endogenous CRH. The positive correlation between CSF CRH and depression in the weight-restored patients is compatible with previous data indicating increased CRH secretion in the depressed phase of primary affective disorder and supports the notion of a relationship between CRH and depressive symptomatology. Moreover, these data are compatible with observations that depression is part of the anorexia nervosa syndrome. PMID- 3491832 TI - Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone in human plasma during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. AB - We previously reported that immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is present in human placenta and third trimester maternal plasma, and that such material is very similar to rat CRH and the predicted structure of human CRH. We suggested that maternal plasma immunoreactive CRH may be of placental origin. To further investigate this possibility, we measured plasma immunoreactive CRH in women during pregnancy, labor, and delivery and 1 and 2 h postpartum, and in nonpregnant women. Umbilical cord plasma and placental CRH concentrations were also measured. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the mean maternal plasma level was 5.9 +/- 1.0 pg (+/- SEM)/ml (n = 24), not significantly different from that in 10 nonpregnant women (5.8 +/- 0.8 pg/ml). Plasma CRH concentrations progressively increased during pregnancy (second trimester, 35.4 +/- 5.9 pg/ml (n = 39); early third trimester (28-34 weeks), 263 +/- 41 pg/ml (n = 14); late third trimester (35-40 weeks), 800 +/- 163 pg/ml (n = 20)]. There was a significant correlation between maternal plasma CRH levels and weeks of pregnancy. Plasma CRH concentrations were further elevated (2215 +/- 329 pg/ml; n = 9). During early labor, peaked at delivery (4409 +/- 591 pg/ml; n = 28), and declined rapidly after delivery [1 h postpartum, 1042 +/- (353 pg/ml (n = 13); 2 h postpartum, 346 +/- 91 pg/ml (n = 13)]. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.562; P less than 0.01) between matched maternal plasma and placental CRH concentrations. The mean umbilical cord plasma CRH level (50.6 +/- 6.1 pg/ml; n = 28) was much lower than that in the mother at the time of delivery. Umbilical venous plasma CRH levels were significantly greater than those in simultaneously obtained umbilical arterial plasma (70.8 +/- 11.3 and 41.8 +/- 4.9 pg/ml, respectively; n = 11). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.384; P less than 0.05) between maternal and fetal CRH concentrations. Gel filtration of plasma obtained from women during the third trimester, at delivery, and early postpartum and placental extracts revealed two major peaks of immunoreactive CRH: a high mol wt peak and one at the elution position of rat CRH. In contrast, only rat CRH-sized material was detected in plasma from nonpregnant women and umbilical cord plasma. Maternal plasma immunoreactive CRH-sized material stimulated ACTH release from anterior pituitary tissue in a dose-dependent manner and was equipotent with rat CRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3491831 TI - Single and dual energy tomographic analysis of spinal trabecular bone: a comparative study in normal and osteoporotic women. AB - To investigate the effects of age on rates of bone loss and the relationship between amount of trabecular bone and clinical severity of osteoporosis, trabecular mineral density of the lumbar spine (VMD) was measured in 55 osteoporotic women and 133 healthy women with both single energy (SE) and dual energy (DE) quantitative computed tomography (QCT). The amount of marrow fat was indirectly estimated by the difference (delta) between DE and SE VMD values. The rate of bone loss in the normal women was 1.14%/yr with SE and 1.03%/yr with DE QCT. Osteoporotic patients had a VMD decline of 1.62%/yr with SE and 1.17%/yr with DE QCT. Osteoporotic patients had significantly lower (P less than 0.0001) mean SE and DE VMD at any age, but VMD was not significantly different among groups characterized by different number of fractures or different radiographic severity of fractures. The threshold values of VMD below which the risk of having fractures was increased were 99.8 and 118.7 mg/cm3, respectively, for SE and DE QCT. Dispersion around the mean, overlap between osteoporotic and healthy women, and the incidence of asymptomatic osteoporosis were greater with DE than SE QCT. Osteoporotic women had higher delta values (P less than 0.05) compared to normal women, but delta did not correlate with clinical severity of osteoporosis. The results indicate that factors in addition to the amount of spinal trabecular bone determine the number and severity of fractures in osteoporotic women; DE QCT reduce the VMD underestimation due to intravertebral fat content, but not the overlap between osteoporotic and normal women; and further anatomical studies of osteoporotic vertebrae are necessary to investigate the effect of age on intravertebral fat. PMID- 3491833 TI - The myosin filament. XII. Effect of MgATP on assembly. AB - The effect of MgATP on myosin filament assembly has been studied. Filaments were assembled by a standard dilution procedure involving two steps, dilution from 0.6 to 0.3 M KCl and from 0.3 to 0.15 M KCl with a different rate of dilution in each step. This standard dilution procedure gives filaments which are structurally similar to native filaments in that they have a sharp length distribution around 1.5 micron, a diameter of 16 nm and they vary in length with KCl concentration in a similar manner to native filaments. The addition of 1 mM MgATP leads to a sharpening of the length distribution around 1.5 micron without change in the 16 nm diameter. Filaments assembled by dialysis or by rapid dilution are not similarly affected by the presence of MgATP indicating that the standard dilution procedure produces filaments which are more closely similar to native filaments than those produced by these other methods. MgAMPPNP and magnesium pyrophosphate have the same effect as MgATP thus eliminating the possibility that phosphorylation of the myosin is involved in the effect. The effect of MgATP is not directly related to its binding to the active site of the myosin molecule since a 500:1 mole ratio of MgATP to myosin is required for the effect. It is therefore likely that the effect of MgATP is related to other binding sites on the myosin molecule. The presence of MgATP leads to molecular rearrangements which finely tune the molecular organization of the filaments formed by the standard dilution procedure in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491834 TI - The role of orthophosphate in crossbridge kinetics in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibres as detected with sinusoidal and step length alterations. AB - The role of orthophosphate (Pi) ions in crossbridge kinetics was investigated in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibres in the presence of saturating Ca2+. The muscle length was altered sinusoidally, and the resulting tension time courses were analysed in terms of three exponential processes (A), (B) and (C). Experiments were also performed with step length changes, and the resulting tension transients were correlated with the results of sinusoidal analysis. It was shown that addition of a low millimolar concentration of Pi increased both the rate constant and magnitude of process (B), which resulted in a dramatic increase in the oscillatory power output. The Pi effect was greater at higher oscillation amplitude and at higher MgATP concentration. At 5 mM MgATP, the amplitude effect became saturated at a 6 nm length change per crossbridge, whereas the Pi effect did not become saturated in the concentration range tested (0-16 mM). An introduction of MgADP to the activating saline resulted in a decrease of all rate constants, and these effects were opposite to MgATP. The effect of Pi resembled neither MgADP nor MgATP. Based on these observations, all the crossbridge reactions except for one (ADP desorption reaction) were eliminated as the possible site of action of Pi ions, supposing that Pi affects only one specific site in the crossbridge cycle. Other mechanisms, which might account for the Pi effects, are the presence of parallel hydrolysis pathways and the presence of multiple sites of action of the Pi ions. PMID- 3491836 TI - Constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - Expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene was studied by Northern blot analysis in normal human hematopoietic cells and a series of leukemias. GM-CSF messenger (m)RNA was detected in activated T cells, but not in normal bone marrow cells, monocytes, or nonactivated T cells. In contrast, leukemic cells from 11 of 22 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia expressed GM-CSF transcripts. Biologically active CSF was detected in supernatant conditioned by 6 of these 11 leukemias. Expression of the GM-CSF gene was not detected in "common" (pre-B cell) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (11 cases tested) or chronic myeloid leukemia (4 cases tested). These results show that the GM-CSF gene is constitutively expressed in a subset of patients with AML, and further suggest that expression of this gene could contribute to the abnormal growth properties characteristic of AML. PMID- 3491835 TI - Characteristics of skeletal muscle calsequestrin: comparison of mammalian, amphibian and avian muscles. AB - Calsequestrin was identified in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle of three mammalian species (man, rat and rabbit) and from frog and chicken muscle, using electrophoretic and immunoblot techniques. It was further characterized in sarcoplasmic reticulum protein mixtures and at several stages of purification, following extraction with EDTA. We found extensive similarities in apparent molecular weight values, Stains All staining properties and in Cleveland's peptide maps, between mammalian calsequestrins, and no detectable difference within a species between fast and slow muscle. Human calsequestrin, with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000 when measured at alkaline pH and of 41,000 when measured at neutral pH, appears to be the smallest in size. Frog calsequestrin, although weakly cross-reactive with rabbit calsequestrin and having a relatively higher apparent molecular weight at alkaline pH (72,000), shares several significant properties with mammalian calsequestrins. It bound calcium with a high capacity (1300 nmol per mg protein), it contained about 32% acidic amino acid residues and focused at closely similar pI values. We observed the formation of a complex with Stains All absorbing maximally at 535 nm, rather than at 600 nm, and an even more marked shift in apparent molecular weight at neutral pH. We found distinct differences in the case of chicken calsequestrin, in addition to those previously reported. It is a highly acidic, calcium precipitable protein, but its amino acid composition is contradistinguished by a higher ratio of glutamate to aspartate and its rate of electrophoretic mobility is minimally affected by changes in pH. It stained deep bluish with Stains All after gel electrophoresis and yielded a protein-dye complex in aqueous solution, absorbing maximally at 560 nm, and finally, it bound fluorescent Concanavalin A. PMID- 3491837 TI - Fibrin induces release of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells. AB - Addition of fibrinogen to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture resulted in release of von Willebrand factor (vWf) from Weibel-Palade bodies that was temporally related to formation of fibrin in the medium. Whereas no release occurred before gelation, the formation of fibrin was associated with disappearance of Weibel-Palade bodies and development of extracellular patches of immunofluorescence typical of vWf release. Release also occurred within 10 min of exposure to preformed fibrin but did not occur after exposure to washed red cells, clot liquor, or structurally different fibrin prepared with reptilase. Metabolically labeled vWf was immunopurified from the medium after release by fibrin and shown to consist of highly processed protein lacking pro-vWf subunits. The contribution of residual thrombin to release stimulated by fibrin was minimized by preparing fibrin clots with nonstimulatory concentrations of thrombin and by inhibiting residual thrombin with hirudin or heating. We conclude that fibrin formed at sites of vessel injury may function as a physiologic secretagogue for endothelial cells causing rapid release of stored vWf. PMID- 3491840 TI - Evidence for monoclonal T lymphocyte proliferation in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - The arrangement of the T cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes was analysed in lymphoid tissue biopsy specimens from 25 cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Nineteen cases showed a rearrangement of the gene coding for the beta chain of the T cell receptor, and in one case a clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes was shown (in which the T cell receptor gene was in a germline configuration). These findings indicate that a monoclonal T cell proliferation is present in most cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and they also correlate with the fact that some patients who present with this disorder subsequently develop a T cell lymphoma. PMID- 3491838 TI - Changes in amount and intracellular distribution of androgen receptor in human foreskin as a function of age. AB - To provide insight into the factors that control growth of the penis we measured the amount and intracellular distribution of specific high affinity androgen receptor in foreskins obtained at circumcision from 49 males varying in age from newborn to 59 yr. Total (cytosolic plus nuclear extract) androgen receptor decreased from approximately 40 fmol/g tissue weight in newborn foreskins to approximately 25 fmol/g by 1 yr of age. The amount of receptor rose in childhood to approximately 180 fmol/g in the late teenage years and fell thereafter to approximately 20-40 fmol/g in men older than 40 yr. The amount of receptor in the nuclear fraction increased at the time of puberty and subsequently decreased in parallel with the decline in total receptor level. These changes in androgen receptor amount are similar when expressed per milligram DNA or per milligram protein. PMID- 3491842 TI - Differentiation and maturation of the sensory hair bundles in the fetal and postnatal vestibular receptors of the mouse: a scanning electron microscopy study. AB - By means of scanning electron microscopy, the differentiation and maturation of sensory hair bundles have been studied in the ampullar cristae of the mouse during development from gestational day 13 (GD13) to postnatal day 10 (PD10). Two gradients of ciliary differentiation were demonstrated, one from the apex to the base and the other from the center to the periphery. The different hair bundles that appeared on the crista during the fetal period originated in an initial ciliary stage found in regions undergoing differentiation, differentiation, which was visible at the apex of the crista starting on GD14. This stage of ciliary development is gradually followed by a juvenile one at GD15. Starting on GD18, the maturation of hair bundles in the central apical area differed from that in the peripheral areas and prefigured the regional specialization of the crista found in the adult stage. In the discussion, we suggest that when the vestibular epithelial cells begin to exhibit ciliary differentiation, they are simultaneously contacted by nerve fibers. PMID- 3491839 TI - Interleukin 1 induces cultured human endothelial cell production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Monokine-stimulated endothelial cells are known to produce both burst- and colony stimulating activities, but neither the nature of the monokine nor the hematopoietic growth factor(s) produced is known. We show by mRNA analysis that an immortalized line of human endothelial cells constitutively produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Furthermore, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor induce early passage human umbilical endothelial cells to produce the same growth factor. PMID- 3491841 TI - Granule cell development in the frog cerebellum during spontaneous and thyroxine induced metamorphosis. AB - Granule cell maturation in the cerebellum of bullfrog tadpoles was studied during both spontaneous and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis by using electron microscopy and Golgi-impregnated preparations. The production of cerebellar microneurons, a majority of which are granule cell precursors, was quantitatively compared during spontaneous and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis by using stereological methods and biochemical measurements of DNA. Granule cell migration and differentiation appeared morphologically similar during spontaneous and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. In both instances, granule cells migrated tangentially along the pial surface, migrated into the internal granular layer, developed dendritic arbors, and formed synaptic contacts with the processes of Golgi cells and with mossy fibers. These events are similar to developmental processes that have been described in detail in other animals. Quantitative stereological measurements demonstrated similar overall patterns of change during spontaneous and thyroxine induced metamorphosis. Most notably, increases in the volume of the external granule layer correlated with increases in the relative and total amounts of DNA. However, measurements of total DNA were consistently reduced during the period of accelerated change that occurs in thyroxine-induced metamorphosis, although external granular layer volume was greater in these tadpoles after 2 and 3 weeks of thyroxine treatment than in spontaneously metamorphosing tadpoles. While granule cell development in the frog is largely dependent on thyroid hormone, differences between thyroid-hormone-induced and spontaneously metamorphosing tadpoles suggest that normal patterns of cerebellar development are also dependent on events that occur in premetamorphic tadpoles in the absence of thyroid hormone. PMID- 3491843 TI - Distribution of vestibular afferents that innervate the sacculus and posterior canal in the gerbil. AB - The central distribution of afferents that innervate the macula of the saccule and the crista of the posterior canal was assessed in the gerbil following the direct injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) separately into the sensory neuroepithelia of each peripheral receptor organ. Ganglion cells innervating the posterior canal were located in the caudal part of the inferior ganglion, while those cells innervating the saccule were located in the rostral part of the inferior ganglion, scattered in the superior ganglion, and concentrated at the junction (isthmus) between the two. The paths of the central axons of these two groups of ganglion cells through the vestibular root and their division into ascending or descending pathways were similar. However, the distributions of their terminals were different. The posterior canal projected to medial parts of the vestibular nuclear complex. Terminals were found in the medial and superior vestibular nuclei. The posterior canal also projected to the uvula of the cerebellum. The saccule projected to more lateral-lying brainstem areas. Terminal fields were located in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei and cell group y. Saccule projections outside the vestibular complex were observed to the lateral cuneate nucleus, the N. gigantocellularis, and the cerebellar cortex. Of the eight areas receiving primary afferent projections from these two organs, only within the medial and descending vestibular nuclei and the cerebellar cortex were overlapping projections observed. PMID- 3491844 TI - Aortic valve replacement and combined aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting: predicting high risk groups. AB - To determine which groups of patients are at highest risk for operative or late mortality, 259 consecutive patients who underwent operation between 1978 and 1984 were studied; 170 underwent aortic valve replacement and 89 underwent aortic valve replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. Multivariate analysis of risk factors selected emergency operation and patient age older than 70 years as the strongest predictors for operative death. Although patients having aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting had a higher operative mortality rate (13.5 versus 3.5%), the combined operation had no independent predictive effect on early or late results. At a mean follow-up time of 48 months after surgery, 72% of the survivors of operation were living, 10% were lost to follow-up and 18% were dead. Seventy-seven percent of long-term survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. The incidence of thromboembolism, paravalvular leak, bacterial endocarditis and hemorrhage each occurred at a rate of less than 1% per patient-year. The factors associated with late death were preoperative age, male sex, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, cardiac index and functional class. Despite an increase in operative mortality, patients undergoing emergency operation were not at higher risk of late death. Operative mortality is concentrated among several high risk groups. For patients undergoing elective operation, operative mortality is low, especially if the patient is less than 70 years old. Late results are good for all groups of patients undergoing operation, including those who are at greater risk of dying at operation. PMID- 3491845 TI - Risk of aortic valve surgery. PMID- 3491846 TI - The occurrence of behavior disorders in children: the interdependence of Attention Deficit Disorder and Conduct Disorder. PMID- 3491847 TI - Thyroid localization in adult histiocytosis X. AB - Authors report on a rare case of thyroid involvement by histiocytosis X. A 27-yr old man with diabetes insipidus and lung bullous disease of 2 yr duration was found to have thyroid gland infiltration by differentiated histiocytosis X. This was based on cytological findings consistent with the diagnosis, obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Endocrine studies revealed altered hypothalamic pituitary function accounted for by a hypothalamic lesion. PMID- 3491848 TI - Improved fixation and cobalt-glucose oxidase-diaminobenzidine intensification for immunohistochemical demonstration of corticotropin-releasing factor in rat brain. AB - An optimal fixation method and intensification procedure may be required in brain immunohistochemistry to obtain intense and widespread staining for a specific antigen, in cases where ordinary fixation and conventional immunohistochemistry result in only partial demonstration of the antigen. In the present study of localization of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity (CRFI) in rat brain, the importance of such intensification is shown. We describe a fixation procedure in which perfusion of rat brain with Bouin's solution is followed by a PBS wash and a further perfusion with either Zamboni's fluid or 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), for subsequent investigation of the detailed localization of CRFI in cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. The cobalt-glucose oxidase-diaminobenzidine (Co-GOD) intensification method has been modified to increase the sensitivity of immunostaining by reducing the concentration of glucose oxidase, which is added to the final incubation solution as a generator of hydrogen peroxide. The use of cobalt acetate instead of cobalt chloride appears to slightly suppress background staining in the Co-GOD method. Combination of the two modified procedures was applied to visualize intense and widespread CRFI in a variety of rat brain regions, including median eminence, cerebral cortex, and central amygdaloid nucleus. PMID- 3491849 TI - Phenotype and localization of thymocytes expressing the homing receptor associated antigen MEL-14: arguments for the view that most mature thymocytes are located in the medulla. AB - The monoclonal antibody MEL-14 recognizes a lymphocyte surface structure (the MEL 14 antigen) involved in migration of lymphocytes into lymph nodes. Its use as a maturation marker for T cells within the thymus led to the view that a small population (1 to 2%) of MEL-14high thymocytes located in the inner cortex represented fully mature cells about to exit as thymus emigrants. The medulla, in this view, contained only the phenotypically mature but MEL-14low cells, and was not the source of thymus emigrants. The data we present, derived from flow cytometric analysis of suspension-stained CBA mouse thymocytes, is not in accordance with this view. A high proportion (approximately 20%) of thymocytes express relatively high levels of MEL-14; these include some immature Ly-2- L3T4- and nonmature Ly-2+ L3T4+ thymocytes. Among the 12 to 14% thymocytes of mature phenotype (PNAlow or H-2Khigh or Ly-2+ L3T4- and Ly-2- L3T4+), more than half express relatively high levels of MEL-14. The mature phenotype and MEL-14moderate to-high cells (8% of thymocytes) appear too numerous to account for the few percent MEL-14high cells seen in the cortex in frozen sections, and the mature phenotype but MEL-14low cells (2 to 3% of thymocytes) too few to fill the medulla; however, both together account numerically for the medullary population. By section staining, the medulla contains Ly-2- L3T4+ and Ly-2+ L3T4- cells in a characteristic 2:1 ratio; by suspension staining this ratio agrees with that of the total mature phenotype population, but not with that of the MEL-14low subset previously claimed to represent medullary cells. Another paradox is apparent when suspension staining and section staining are compared: suspension staining reveals that many mature phenotype cells coexpress high levels of both MEL-14 and H-2K, yet section staining reveals H-2Khigh cells in the medulla but not in the inner cortex, and reveals scattered MEL-14high cells throughout the cortex but not in the medulla. We suggest that section staining for MEL-14 fails to locate the mature cells that stain for MEL-14 in suspension; the few MEL-14high cells localized in both the inner and the outer cortex on section staining are predominantly immature Ly-2- L3T4- and nonmature Ly-2+ L3T4+ thymocytes; the majority of thymocytes of mature phenotype, whether MEL-14high or MEL-14low on suspension staining, are of medullary location; the medulla is the most likely immediate source of thymic emigrants. PMID- 3491851 TI - Antigen receptor-triggered secretion of a trypsin-type esterase from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Exocytosis of cytolysin-containing granules from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was studied with the use of granule enzyme (BLT esterase) as a convenient biochemical marker. Using cloned CTL, we demonstrate here that BLT esterase secretion into the supernatant is specifically triggered by antigen-bearing target cells and that this secretion is inhibited by soluble monoclonal antibodies against the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TcR). Immobilized anti receptor antibodies induced efficient enzyme secretion in the absence of target cells, thus implying a direct involvement of TcR complex in triggering exocytosis of granules. These results support the role of the granule exocytosis in CTL functions and provide a quantitative and direct assay of a rapid CTL functional response to antigenic stimulation. PMID- 3491850 TI - The correlation of lectin-stimulated proliferation and cytotoxicity in murine thymocytes with expression of the MEL-14-defined homing receptor. AB - The relationship between the expression of the MEL-14-defined lymphocyte homing receptor and the proliferation and functional differentiation of thymocytes in response to lectin stimulation was examined. Two-color fluorescent staining with MEL-14 in various combinations with PNA and anti-Ly-2 and anti-L3T4 was used to separate thymocyte populations for functional analysis. A high cloning-efficiency limit-dilution culture system was used to determine the frequency of all cells responsive to concanavalin A (PTL-p) or of all precursors of lectin-enhanced cytolytic lymphocytes (CTL-p). As expected from earlier studies, PTL-p and CTL-p were concentrated in the PNA- thymocytes, PTL-p were in both the Ly-2- L3T4+ and the Ly-2+ L3T4- subpopulations, and CTL-p were predominantely in the Ly-2+ L3T4- subpopulation. Within the PNA- thymocytes, two distinct peaks of PTL-p were found in cells stained with MEL-14, corresponding to MEL-14- and MEL-14medium-to-high cells, whereas the CTL-p frequency increased in fractions showing increasing expression of the MEL-14-defined antigen. Within the Ly-2- L3T4+ subpopulation, two distinct peaks of PTL-p were found corresponding to groups of MEL-14- and MEL 14medium-to-high cells, with the intermediate fraction of MEL-14low cells displaying a very low PTL-p frequency. The Ly-2+ L3T4- subpopulation included fewer MEL-14- cells and more MEL-14high cells than the Ly-2- L3T4+ subpopulation. Within the Ly-2+ L3T4- subpopulation, the few MEL-14- cells expressed a relatively low but definite frequency of CTL-p and PTL-p. The more numerous MEL 14+, Ly-2+ L3T4- cells included a high frequency of CTL-p and PTL-p, which did not vary over the medium-to-high MEL-14 expression range. These results indicate that the correlation of MEL-14 expression with CTL-p frequency among thymocytes is largely a consequence of the relative frequency of Ly-2+ L3T4- cells in the separated fractions, rather than a direct link between MEL-14 expression and function. Nevertheless, MEL-14 does define significant heterogeneity in both the Ly-2+ L3T4- and the Ly-2- L3T4+ subpopulations. In particular, there is a reduced functional response among the small subgroup of Ly-2+ L3T4- MEL-14- cells, suggesting this population includes either immature cells or cells of a different functional type. PMID- 3491852 TI - Subclass distribution of human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. AB - The polysaccharide (PS) capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a "simple" antigen, polyribosylribitolphosphate. Although similar carbohydrate antigens have been reported to elicit IgG antibodies relatively restricted to the IgG2 subclass in man, we report here that Hib PS elicits substantial quantities of both IgG1 and IgG2 serum antibodies in most individuals. Because the determination of IgG subclass distribution can be technically difficult, we used four different approaches to establish our finding. First, we used an IgG subclass-specific, antigen-specific "sandwich assay." Second, we measured IgG subclasses of purified antibodies to Hib PS. Third, we showed that significant amounts of IgG anti-PS can be absorbed with a monoclonal anti-IgG1 affinity column. Fourth, we showed that IgG1 and IgG2 fractions of immune sera have clonally restricted anti-Hib PS antibodies that are easily distinguishable by their isoelectric points. The data indicate that both IgG1 and IgG2 contribute substantially to the IgG antibody response of most adults to immunization with Hib PS. PMID- 3491853 TI - Anti-idiotypic mechanisms involved in suppression of a mouse B cell lymphoma, BCL1. AB - Immunization of BALB/c mice with idiotypic IgM rescued by hybridization from the syngeneic BCL1 lymphoma protects specifically against challenge with tumor cells, with 83% surviving greater than 100 days compared with controls (38 +/- 10 days). Spleens from long-term survivors (greater than 6 mo) with no macroscopically visible tumor, when examined with anti-idiotypic antibody, showed a range of apparently dormant tumor with BCL1 cells present at 2 to 50% of total. A spectrum of protection against tumor resulted from immunization, and tumor emerging in the period 53 to 173 days postpassage was investigated for expression of idiotype. It was found that cells from individual mice expressed variable amounts of idiotypic IgM at the cell surface, although it was always detectable in the intracellular compartment. Unlike typical BCL1 cells, tumor cells developing in immune spleens often secreted little idiotypic IgM either in vitro or in vivo. This modulation of expression and secretion of idiotype was detected even in the apparent absence of serum anti-idiotypic antibody. On passage of spleen cells from the long-term survivors into naive animals, BCL1 tumor developed and killed the recipients in a way indistinguishable from routine tumor passage. These tumor cells, however, both expressed and secreted IgM of the same idiotype as the original tumor. It appears therefore that tumor development in immunized mice is suppressed by a process that includes modulation but not selection of the tumor cell idiotypic determinants. Analysis of possible mechanisms of suppression revealed the presence of cytotoxic anti-idiotypic antibody at variable levels in sera of immunized mice, and splenic T cells that proliferated specifically in response to idiotypic IgM. Only low levels of cytotoxic T cells were found. Passive transfer studies demonstrated a major role for antibody in protection against tumor, with no significant enhancement by immune lymphocytes. PMID- 3491854 TI - Successful treatment of advanced murine renal cell cancer by bicompartmental adoptive chemoimmunotherapy. AB - The most challenging aspect of cancer treatment remains the management of invasive and metastatic tumor growth. Recent progress in the development and use of biologic response modifiers for immunomodulation has raised the possibility that the immune system can be used as an additional antitumor treatment modality in conjunction with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy for the treatment of established tumors and their metastases. As a model for adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (ACIT) of renal cancer we have used a murine renal cancer (Renca) of spontaneous origin that mimics the tumor progression characteristically observed for human renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, we demonstrate that broadly cytotoxic lymphocytes, generated by in vitro culture with human recombinant interleukin 2, and used in conjunction with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride, are effective in treating invasive and metastatic renal cell cancer. Administration of ACIT i.v. or i.p., alone, or after nephrectomy of the tumor-bearing kidney, did not cure mice with stage II (locoregional invasive tumor) or stage III (lymph node metastases) disease. In contrast, nephrectomy followed by simultaneous bicompartmental i.v. and i.p. ACIT administration cured 80% of mice with either stage II or stage III Renca. These data demonstrate that simultaneous bicompartmental ACIT affords dramatically improved cure rates for advanced and metastatic Renca. This effect most likely results from efficient control of both locoregional and metastatic tumor growth. PMID- 3491855 TI - Comparison of methods for freezing interleukin-dependent murine cell lines. AB - Various methods for freezing several interleukin-dependent murine cell lines have been compared and were shown to differ in their efficacy from line to line. An interleukin-2-dependent cell line, T572.C5, which was more sensitive to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) than the other cell lines, was the most difficult to freeze in a viable state. In order to define better conditions for freezing, the effects of the changes in freezing rates and concentrations of DMSO and of the addition of Ficoll were determined. The optimal freezing rates and DMSO concentrations varied from line to line. The addition of Ficoll increased the viability in some, but not all, cell lines, depending on the freezing conditions used. Thus, the optimal conditions for freezing interleukin-dependent cell lines varied from line to line. In general, the direct freezing procedure was better than the styrofoam-box freezing method. Although programmed freezing under direct temperature control was the most suitable among the freezing procedures examined, unprogrammed procedures also were of practical use. PMID- 3491856 TI - Interleukin-2 monoclonal antibody affinity adsorption. The critical role of binding kinetics for optimal immunoadsorption. AB - With the ready availability of monoclonal antibodies reactive with an extensive spectrum of antigens, immunoaffinity adsorption has become more widely applicable for protein purification. However, given several monoclonal antibodies reactive with the same antigen, most investigators have found that only a few antibodies are useful for solid-phase immunoaffinity antigen purification. Accordingly, in order to determine the parameters of monoclonal antibody-antigen binding most important for effective immunoaffinity adsorption, equilibrium and kinetic binding experiments were performed using radiolabeled interleukin-2 (IL-2) as antigen and four different IL-2-reactive monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were found to differ primarily with respect to their kinetic binding characteristics; at 37 degrees C IL-2 bound to two of these antibodies very rapidly, while it bound to the other two more slowly. When binding was performed at 4 degrees C, the equilibrium dissociation constants for all of the antibodies decreased due to a more marked prolongation of the dissociation rate than the association rate. However, at 4 degrees C the association rates of the two slow reactive antibodies became retarded so markedly that efficient affinity adsorption did not occur. By comparison, for both of these antibodies, efficient removal of IL-2 could be obtained if adsorption was performed at 37 degrees C, provided the column flow rate was adjusted according to the IL-2 association rate. Kinetic considerations also dictated IL-2 adsorption to mixtures of two or more monoclonal antibodies: IL-2 immunoadsorption correlated with the association rates of the individual antibodies, rather than the equilibrium binding constants. These results indicate that the most important parameter for efficient affinity adsorption is the association rate constant. In addition, the results obtained indicate that monoclonal antibodies may differ markedly as regards their kinetic binding characteristics, and that all antibodies can serve as effective immunoadsorbents, provided their antigen binding characteristics are known. PMID- 3491857 TI - Formation of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) from cultured human keratinocytes from normal and uninvolved psoriatic skin. AB - Cultures of keratinocytes from uninvolved psoriatic skin have been shown to exhibit increased DNA synthesis. Since epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF) can stimulate the proliferation of human keratinocytes in vitro, we have compared the formation of ETAF in cultured keratinocytes from normal and uninvolved psoriatic skin. Trypsinized epidermal cells were plated at nonconfluent concentrations in dishes coated with a collagen type I gel. Normal keratinocyte cultures spontaneously released ETAF into the supernatant from day 1, reaching a maximum level (mean 124 +/- 4 units/micrograms DNA) on day 7, just before the cultures became completely confluent (days 9-12). The ETAF release then gradually decreased until a plateau (mean 16 +/- 7 units/micrograms DNA) was reached on day 18. In normal keratinocyte cultures the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA changed in parallel with the ETAF release. Psoriatic keratinocytes had normal rates of ETAF release and of DNA synthesis until the time of culture confluency. However, when complete confluency was obtained, psoriatic keratinocytes continued to synthesize DNA at high levels (increased by 146% on day 15) while their ETAF release declined. Analysis of intracellular ETAF showed a significant correlation with the extracellular ETAF in cultures from both normal (r = 0.77, n = 10, p less than 0.02) and uninvolved psoriatic skin (r = 0.76, n = 12, p less than 0.01). These results indicate a relation between ETAF formation and DNA synthesis of normal keratinocyte cultures. However, factors other than ETAF appear to be responsible for the elevated DNA synthesis of confluent keratinocyte cultures from uninvolved psoriatic skin. PMID- 3491859 TI - Terms of engulfment: transformation in Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3491860 TI - A possible role for E-receptor in immunosuppression in leprosy. PMID- 3491858 TI - Immunogenicity in infants of a vaccine composed of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide mixed with DPT or conjugated to diphtheria toxoid. AB - Fifty-three healthy infants received either Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (PRP) mixed with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT) or PRP conjugated covalently to diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D). The immunizations were given at 3, 5, 7, and either 14 or 18 months of age and were well tolerated. The geometric mean titers of antibody to PRP at eight months of age (after the first immunizations) were 0.26 micrograms/ml in the PRP + DPT group and 1.56 micrograms/ml in the PRP-D group. After the fourth dose, an IgG response was seen in both groups. The PRP + DPT group had a geometric mean level of antibody to PRP of 3.98 micrograms/ml at 19 months and the PRP-D group, 31.22 or 24.00 micrograms/ml at 15 or 19 months, respectively. Compared with previously published data of children immunized with one dose of PRP at 18 months, the mean level of antibody to PRP in the PRP-D group at 19 months was significantly (P less than .001) higher, whereas that in the PRP + DPT group was not. PMID- 3491861 TI - [Long-term results of aortocoronary bypass graft in patients with multiple arteriosclerotic vascular diseases]. PMID- 3491862 TI - [Relationship between the severity of the residual stenotic lesion and left ventricular function during exercise after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3491863 TI - [Variation of branching and arteriosclerotic findings of the right conus coronary artery--a discussion on myocardial protection and collaterals]. PMID- 3491864 TI - [Clinical aspects of hyper- and hypo-mineralocorticoidism]. PMID- 3491865 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial and skeletal muscular involvement with thallium-201 myocardial emission computed tomography and whole body scintigraphy]. PMID- 3491866 TI - Hearing-loss and calciferol deficiency. AB - Vitamin D (calciferol) deficiency has recently been claimed to cause cochlear hearing-loss (Brookes and Morrison, 1981; Brookes, 1983, 1984). In view of the therapeutic and pathophysiological implications of this finding, a confirmatory study was undertaken in the Department of Neuro-otology at The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. Screening of 112 consecutive new referrals revealed 32 patients with biochemical abnormalities compatible with vitamin D deficiency. Of these, 26 agreed to serum vitamin D assay and normal values were obtained in all of these cases. This study does not support the claim that vitamin D deficiency is a cause of hearing-loss. PMID- 3491867 TI - Amelioration of B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis in mice by a combination therapy with indomethacin and interleukin 2. AB - Our earlier work revealed that PGE-mediated inactivation of NK cells in tumor bearing mice by host macrophages promoted spontaneous lung metastasis that could be prevented or ameliorated by chronic indomethacin therapy. Since PGE was found to suppress the in vitro development and/or activation of a family of tumoricidal lymphocytes such as CTL, NK, and LAK cells by one or both of two mechanisms, that is to say, a down regulation of IL-2-R and an inhibition of IL-2 production, the present study tested whether a combined therapy with indomethacin and IL-2 was more effective than one with indomethacin or IL-2 alone in ameliorating established experimental lung metastasis. B6 mice injected intravenously with 10(6) highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells showed profuse micrometastases in the lungs by day 5, and macrometastases by day 10 which were confluent on day 21. Chronic indomethacin therapy by the oral route (14 micrograms/ml in drinking water) starting on day 0 or day 5, or a single round of IL-2 therapy (25,000 U rIL-2, every 8 h for 5 d on days 10-14) reduced the number of metastatic nodules by two-thirds (from a median of 473 in control mice receiving vehicles alone) by day 21. A single round of IL-2 as above, combined with either protocol of indomethacin therapy, completely or nearly completely irradicated the lung metastases, corroborated by a histological examination. An evaluation of splenic killer cell activity measured with a 4-h 51Cr-release assay against NK-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma and B16F10 melanoma or NK-resistant thymic lymphoma 9705 targets revealed negligible activity in control tumor-bearing mice, and a good restoration of activity against NK-sensitive targets with either protocols of indomethacin therapy. IL-2 alone or a combination of IL-2 and indomethacin given by either protocol generated strong killer activity against all these targets, most marked with the combination therapy. Splenic killer cell phenotype in normal as well as all treated animals was ASGM1+, Thy-1-, and Lyt-2-. The combination therapy resulted in the strongest mononuclear cell infiltration in the lungs, with areas of young granulation tissue suggestive of repair sites of original metastases. PMID- 3491869 TI - Stimulation of the chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta. AB - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a potent chemoattractant in vitro for human dermal fibroblasts. Intact disulfide and perhaps the dimeric structure of TGF-beta is essential for its ability to stimulate chemotactic migration of fibroblasts, since reduction with 2-ME results in a marked loss of its potency as a chemoattractant. Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) appears to be capable of modulating some effects of TGF-beta, it does not alter the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to TGF-beta. Specific polyvalent rabbit antibodies to homogeneously pure TGF-beta block its chemotactic activity but has no effect on the other chemoattractants tested (platelet-derived growth factor, fibronectin, and denatured type I collagen). Since TGF-beta is secreted by a variety of neoplastic and normal cells including platelets, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes, it may play a critical role in vivo in embryogenesis, host response to tumors, and the repair response that follows damage to tissues by immune and nonimmune reactions. PMID- 3491870 TI - Interleukin 4 as an essential factor for in vitro clonal growth of murine connective tissue-type mast cells. AB - We investigated the biological activity of IL-4 to murine connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMC). When purified peritoneal mast cells, typical CTMC, were incubated with pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM SCM) in methylcellulose, about one-fifth of mast cells showed clonal growth. Recombinant IL-4 alone did not stimulate the clonal growth, and purified IL-3 alone induced development of a small number of tiny clusters. In contrast, addition of IL-4 to IL-3 increased the number of clusters by a factor of 10. The number and size of clusters induced by the combination of IL-3 and IL-4 were comparable to those of mast cell clusters induced by PWM-SCM. The present results indicate that IL-4 is an essential factor for in vitro clonal growth of CTMC. PMID- 3491868 TI - Cell growth cycle block of T cell hybridomas upon activation with antigen. AB - Stimulation of antigen-specific T cell hybridomas with the appropriate antigen/MHC combination, at concentrations that resulted in the secretion of the lymphokine interleukin 2, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in both [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell growth. Flow cytometric studies demonstrated that stimulation with antigen resulted in a cell cycle block that was most evident at the G1/S border, and mixing studies revealed that bystander T cells of different antigen specificities were not affected. For at least the large majority of T cells, the G1/S cell cycle block appeared to be irreversible after 24 h of exposure to antigen. This cell cycle block may be useful as a rapid and quantitative measure of T cell hybridoma activation, as a means of selecting T cell hybridomas that have functional alterations in the reception of stimulatory signals, and may serve as a model of the induction of tolerance in immature T cells. PMID- 3491871 TI - An analysis of the influence of thyroid hormone on the synthesis of proteins in the tail fin of bullfrog tadpoles. AB - By incubation of explants of tail fin from tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana in a solution of 35S-methionine for 4 h, newly synthesized proteins were labeled isotopically. After separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, those proteins were visualized by fluorography. Exposure of explants to culture medium containing thyroxine (T4) (150 nM) increased the incorporation of 35S-methionine into several proteins with 48 h. Effects of T4 on the relative abundance of two of these newly synthesized proteins were detected after 8 h of hormonal treatment. Very similar patterns of newly synthesized proteins were observed when proteins from explants of tail fin removed from tadpoles at metamorphic climax and immediately incubated with 35S-methionine were compared with proteins produced in fin derived from premetamorphic animals. These results are interpreted to indicate that both treatment of explants with T4 and elevation of endogenous levels of thyroid hormones during spontaneous metamorphosis increased the relative rates of synthesis of several identical proteins. The potential involvement of those proteins in early phases of metamorphic action which eventually lead to cell death and resorption is discussed. PMID- 3491872 TI - Calcium effects on progesterone accumulation and oocyte maturation in cultured follicles of Rana pipiens. AB - Pituitary homogenates (FPH) provoke a cascade of responses in the amphibian ovarian follicle, culminating in progesterone biosynthesis and oocyte maturation (GVBD). Calcium may play an important role as an intracellular second messenger in regulating these physiological responses. Experiments were carried out on cultured, isolated follicles of Rana pipiens to assess the effects of varying extracellular calcium on follicular progesterone accumulation and oocyte maturation. In hormonally unstimulated follicles, an increase in extracellular Ca2+ alone produced a significant increase in progesterone in methanol extracts of follicles after 4 hours of culture, and in some cases also provoked oocyte maturation assessed after 24 hours of culture. In no case did elevated Ca2+ alone stimulate maximal progesterone accumulation as compared with FPH-stimulated follicles, although the time-course of accumulation was similar. The calcium ionophore, A-23187, similarly increased progesterone accumulation in a dose dependent manner when introduced in amphibian Ringer's (1.35 mM Ca2+), but inhibited progesterone elevation caused by increasing calcium concentrations in the culture media and FPH stimulation. Depleting free calcium from the culture medium with graded doses of the chelator EGTA decreased FPH-induced progesterone accumulation and inhibited FPH- and progesterone-induced GVBD. The calcium channel blocker, verapamil, also inhibited FPH-induced progesterone accumulation and GVDB in a dose-dependent manner, while having no effect on progesterone induced meiotic resumption. These data strongly implicate intracellular calcium levels regulating progesterone production by ovarian follicle cells and subsequent oocyte maturation. PMID- 3491873 TI - Detection of a species-specific antigen of Gardnerella vaginalis by Western blot analysis. AB - Western blot analysis was used to identify antigenic components of Gardnerella vaginalis. Polypeptides bound to nitrocellulose membranes were probed with murine antisera raised to two strains of G. vaginalis, and antibody-antigen complexes were detected with 125I-labelled antimouse immunoglobulin followed by autoradiography. Although there was inter-strain variation in immunogenic polypeptide profiles, all 23 strains of G. vaginalis examined contained a common antigen of molecular mass 41 kDa. This antigen was not found in any of six other bacterial genera. PMID- 3491875 TI - Destinations of some fast-transported proteins in sensory neurons of bullfrog sciatic nerve. AB - Many characteristics of proteins that are fast axonally transported have been described, but the destinations of most within the neuron remain unknown. We have studied the destinations of some fast-transported proteins in sensory neurons of the bullfrog sciatic nerve, specifically to determine which may be deposited in axons and which may be destined for more distal, possibly terminal, areas. Dorsal root ganglia were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine in vitro, following which they were separated from the sciatic nerve. After additional periods of transport, radioactive proteins from two areas of the nerve were separated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and used to develop x-ray film. The first area contained the wavefront of transported radioactivity (wavefront region), whereas the second area was taken from nerve through which the wavefront had already passed (plateau region). The amount of radioactivity in certain fast transported protein species from each area was determined by computer analysis of digitized video images of fluorographs. Certain proteins were preferentially left behind the wavefront and, therefore, may supply axon and possibly other nerve components, whereas other proteins were found almost exclusively in the wavefront and, hence, may supply more distal, possibly terminal, areas. PMID- 3491874 TI - Suramin treatment for chronic active hepatitis B--toxic and ineffective. AB - Suramin has recently been shown to inhibit the activity of the duck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase (DHBV DNAp) in vitro. However, we found no demonstrable in vivo suppression of human hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase (HBV DNAp) activity in three male patients with severe chronic active hepatitis. Suramin treatment resulted in prolongation of the prothrombin time in all cases and a rise in bilirubin in two and it may have led to haemorrhage from oesophageal varices in one patient and to hepatic encephalopathy in another. Its use in chronic hepatitis is not recommended. PMID- 3491876 TI - Effects of hyperprolactinemia on plasma prolactin and glucose and on local cerebral glucose utilization. AB - Elevated blood levels of prolactin increase the synthesis, turnover, and release of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) from the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons, which project to the median eminence. The present study examined whether hyperprolactinemia also increases local cerebral glucose utilization, as determined by the 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose method, in the median eminence and other brain structures. Adult male rats were given ovine prolactin (4 mg/kg) subcutaneously every 8 h for 48 h. This treatment exerted an autoregulatory feedback effect on endogenous rat prolactin secretion, as evidenced by decreased circulating levels of rat prolactin. Ovine prolactin treatment also decreased plasma glucose concentrations. However, in both partially immobilized and free-ranging rats, glucose utilization in brain structures containing tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic cell bodies (the arcuate nucleus) and terminals (the median eminence) was not affected by ovine prolactin treatment. Hyperprolactinemia was, however, associated with decreased glucose utilization in the medial forebrain bundle and the CA subfield of the dorsal hippocampus. The lack of a significant effect of prolactin treatment on glucose utilization in the median eminence indicates that the resolution of the deoxyglucose technique, as used here, is not adequate to detect the ovine prolactin-induced increase in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronal activity, that the median eminence does not utilize glucose as its primary energy substrate, or that ovine prolactin treatment causes a counterbalancing decrease in the activity of other neurons projecting to the median eminence. PMID- 3491877 TI - Binding of [3H]SKF 38393 to dopamine D-1 receptors in rat striatum in vitro; estimation of receptor molecular size by radiation inactivation. AB - [3H]SKF 38393 (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine) binds with high affinity to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) D-1 receptors in rat striatum in vitro (KD = 7 and 14 nM in nonfrozen and frozen striatum, respectively). The number of binding sites (Bmax) was approximately 80.0 pmol/g of original tissue, a value similar to the Bmax for the dopamine D-1 antagonist SCH 23390. Nondisplaceable [3H]SKF 38393 binding was approximately 45% of total binding. Irradiation (0-4 Mrad) of frozen whole striata decreased the number of [3H]SKF 38393 binding sites monoexponentially without changing the binding affinity. The functional molecular mass for the agonist dopamine D-1 binding site was 132,800 daltons, which is higher than the functional molecular mass of the antagonist dopamine D-1 binding site (approximately 80,000 daltons). PMID- 3491878 TI - Allosteric interaction between the site labeled by [3H]imipramine and the serotonin transporter in human platelets. AB - The nature of interaction between the site labeled by [3H]imipramine (IMI) and the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) transporter in human platelets was examined. The sulfhydryl characterizing agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) differentially affected [3H]5-HT uptake and [3H]IMI binding in human platelet preparations. Concentrations of NEM that completely abolished [3H]5-HT uptake only minimally reduced [3H]IMI binding. Examining the effect of IMI on the kinetics of human platelet [3H]5-HT uptake revealed significant reductions in maximal velocity (Vmax) without altering affinity (Km). IC50 values for selected uptake blockers on [3H]IMI binding and [3H]5-HT uptake were determined. IC50 values of these compounds for uptake and binding revealed that agents such as IMI, chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, and nisoxetine were preferential inhibitors of [3H]IMI binding whereas fluoxetine, CL 216, 303, pyrilamine, and bicifadine were preferential [3H]5-HT uptake blockers. 5-HT was a weak displacer of [3H]IMI binding (IC25 = 3.0 microM) and exhibited a rather low Hill coefficient (nH app = 0.46). Results reported herein support the notion of an allosteric interaction between the [3H]IMI binding site and the 5-HT transporter complex in human platelets. PMID- 3491879 TI - Characterization of the binding of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, the toxic metabolite of the parkinsonian neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine, to neuromelanin. AB - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) selectively destroys neuronal cell bodies in the neuromelanin-containing substantia nigra of humans and primates. We show that N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), the active metabolite of MPTP, binds to neuromelanin with high affinity. This binding increases at higher pH and is displaced most potently by divalent cations and antimalarial drugs. MPP+ bound intracellularly to neuromelanin may be stored and released gradually, resulting in subsequent damage to neurons of the substantia nigra. PMID- 3491880 TI - Passive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by proteolipid apoprotein. AB - In an attempt to obtain insight into the pathogenesis of proteolipid apoprotein (PLP)-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats (Yamamura et al. 1986), PLP-sensitized lymph node cells or spleen cells were passively transferred into normal or irradiated (400 rad) recipients after incubation with concanavalin A or PLP. Clinical EAE manifested by paraparesis was successfully transferred into irradiated recipients with 2 - 2.5 X 10(8) of the primary cultured cells and histologic EAE could be transferred with as few as 5 X 10(7) cells into naive recipients. This is the first demonstration of passive EAE induced with PLP-sensitized lymphoid cells and suggests the pathogenetic importance of cell-mediated immunity to PLP. PMID- 3491882 TI - Functional consequences of neonatal infraorbital nerve section in rat trigeminal ganglion. AB - Standard single-unit recording and stimulation techniques were used to assess the topographic organization, receptive field properties, and projections of cells (n = 297) in the ophthalmic-maxillary part of the trigeminal ganglion in 6 normal adult rats and 15 adults with unilateral infraorbital nerve section at birth (cells recorded ipsilateral to lesion: n = 641; cells recorded on the intact side: n = 223). Stimulating electrodes were placed on the central portion of the regenerate infraorbital nerve and in the trigeminal brain stem subnucleus caudalis in 6 nerve-damaged rats and at equivalent points in 5 normal animals. Data from the normal rats and the intact side of the nerve-damaged animals were identical and were considered together. Of these cells, 73.5% had infraorbital receptive fields. Of these, 77.2% were discharged by vibrissa stimulation (43.8% slow-adapt type I, 10.3% slow-adapt type II, 27.6% low-velocity sensitive rapid adapt, 16.8% high-velocity sensitive rapid adapt, and 1.5% noxious-biased), while the rest responded best to guard hair deflection (12.0%), gentle skin indentation (4.5%), or a strong pinch or deep pressure (6.3%). In stereotaxically matched penetrations in ganglia ipsilateral to the neonatal infraorbital nerve lesions, only 40.6% of the cells had infraorbital receptive fields. Of these, only 37.7% responded to vibrissa stimulation (29.8% slow-adapt type I, 1.2% slow-adapt type II, 2.2% low-velocity sensitive rapid adapt, 32.9% high-velocity sensitive rapid adapt, 33.9% noxious). Other infraorbital cells responded best to guard hair deflection (11.9%), gentle skin indentation (10.8%), or a strong pinch or deep pressure (39.6%). An additional 30 cells did not have a detectable receptive field and were identified only by infraorbital and brain-stem shocks. We also recorded cells with unusual infraorbital receptive fields: 9 units responded to more than 1 vibrissa, 4 were activated by both vibrissa and guard hair deflection, 10 had unusually large skin or deep receptive fields, 1 had a split receptive field, and 7 were discharged only by deep pressure to the region of the nerve section. Seven cells with infraorbital receptive fields were not driven by infraorbital shocks, and 2 were not activated by brain-stem shocks. In normal rats, all cells with infraorbital receptive fields were driven by both electrodes. The percentages of receptive field types for noninfraorbital cells were unchanged in ganglia ipsilateral to the damaged nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3491881 TI - Specific immunotherapy with suppressor function inhibition for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - In this pilot clinical investigation we have investigated the concept of modulating suppressor T lymphocyte (Ts) function to augment delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antitumor immunity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cyclophosphamide (CY) was used for modulating Ts function. We used three doses of CY per 100 mg/m2, 500 mg/m2, and 1000 mg/m2. Cyclophosphamide was administered i.v. 24 h prior to the first of 6 weekly immunizations with irradiated autologous tumor cells mixed with Corynebacterium parvum. Twenty of 26 patients were evaluable for response. Five of these 20 (25%) evaluable patients had responses, one complete response and four partial responses. Fifteen patients had post-treatment skin testing with autologous tumor cells. Four of these 15 (26%) patients developed DTH to autologous tumor cells. Of the four patients acquiring skin test positivity three also had clinical responses, whereas among the 11 skin-test negative patients, only one clinical response was observed. Six of six (100%) patients who had serial T lymphocyte subset studies done had increases in their mean T helper/inducer:T suppressor/cytotoxic ratios after CY administration and immunization. These observations in an exploratory study suggest that further investigations of Ts modulation, autologous tumor cell skin testing, and T lymphocyte subsets may be of value. PMID- 3491884 TI - Removal of deanol as a chemical impurity in carbon-11 choline. PMID- 3491883 TI - Potential agents for regional cerebral blood flow measurement using PET. PMID- 3491885 TI - Evaluation of regurgitant fraction of the left ventricle by gated cardiac blood pool scanning using SPECT. AB - Regurgitant fraction (RF) of patients with and without mitral regurgitation (MR) and/or aortic regurgitation (AR) was evaluated by gated cardiac blood-pool scanning using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Using the stroke count image of a short-axis tomogram to separate the right atrium and ventricle, the left ventricular stroke count (LVSC) and right ventricular stroke count (RVSC) were determined. The RF equaled (LVSC - RVSC)/LVSC. Calculated RF in 14 subjects without significant regurgitation by contrast angiography was 5.8 +/- 5.9% (mean +/- s.d.), RF of 17 cases with angiographic regurgitation was 42.5 +/- 16.8% (p less than 0.001). The sensitivity of the radionuclide method compared to angiography was 94% (16/17 cases), and specificity was 100% (14/14 cases). RF of mild Re (1+ or 2+) was 26.0 +/- 8.9% (n = 6) and RF of severe Re (3+ or 4+) was 51.5 +/- 12.7% (n = 11) (p less than 0.001). Correlation between the RF determined with the radionuclide method and with cardiac catheterization was good (y = 5.85 + 0.700 x, r = 0.821, n = 17). We conclude that RF of MR and/or AR can be accurately evaluated by gated cardiac blood-pool scanning using SPECT. PMID- 3491886 TI - Test-retest studies of cerebral glucose metabolism using fluorine-18 deoxyglucose: validation of method. AB - In studies using [18F]deoxyglucose (FDG), one often wants to compare metabolic rates following stimulation (drug or motor-sensory) with the baseline values. However, because of reproducibility problems with baseline variations of 25% in the same individual not uncommon, the global effect of the stimulation may be difficult to see. One approach to this problem is to perform the two studies sequentially. This means that, with the 110-min half-life of 18 F, one must take into account the residual activity from the first study when calculating metabolic rates for the second. We performed TEST-RETEST baseline studies on four subjects, with a 1-hr interval between injections. These studies were done without stimulation, in order to validate the repeatability of the method. To reduce the amount of residual activity from the first study, the first injection was only 2 mCi in three cases, and only 1 mCi in one case, out of a total injected dose of 5 mCi. A correction for residual activity was included in the RETEST calculation of metabolic rate. The results showed a global metabolic shift between the two studies of 2% to 9%. An error analysis shows that the shift could be further reduced if anatomically comparable scans are done at comparable postinjection times. PMID- 3491887 TI - Fluorine-18-N-methylspiroperidol: radiolytic decomposition as a consequence of high specific activity and high dose levels. AB - High specific activity [18F]N-methylspiroperidol(8-[4-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)-4 oxobutyl]-3-me thyl l-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one, 5-10 mCi/ml, 4 8 Ci/mumol at EOB) in saline solution undergoes significant radiolytic decomposition resulting in a decrease in radiochemical purity of 10-25% during the first hour. The rate of decomposition is affected by the specific activity, total dose to and chemical composition of the solution. That radiolysis is responsible for the observed decomposition was verified by the observation that unlabeled N-methylspiroperidol is decomposed in the presence of [18F]fluoride. PMID- 3491889 TI - Does breast-feeding protect infants from Haemophilus influenzae infection? PMID- 3491888 TI - Use of cross-correlation function to detect patient motion during SPECT imaging. AB - We have developed a procedure to detect patient motion during a tomographic acquisition. The method uses frame-to-frame cross-correlation functions of the summed profiles in the vertical and horizontal directions of the planar images. The quantitative output derived from examination of the variation of the change in the pixel value, corresponding to the maximum of the cross-correlation function at each view, provides an effective and nonsubjective means of performing quality control on the presence and amount of movement during a single photon emission computed tomographic scan. In contrast to cine mode and sinogram display, easy to interpret hard copy can be generated through this procedure. PMID- 3491890 TI - Enteric protein loss measured by fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance in the assessment of Crohn's disease activity: a study of children and adolescents. AB - We compared conventional measures of disease activity with 24-h fecal alpha 1 antitrypsin clearance in 59 children and adolescents with Crohn's disease and 30 with ulcerative colitis. Among the Crohn's patients clearance was increased significantly in those with abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) (greater than 15 mm/h, p less than 0.005) and diminished serum albumin (less than 35 g/L, p less than 0.005), but not in those with an abnormal Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI less than 150). Correlation between alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance and ESR was poor (r = 0.17) as with CDAI (r = 0.09). We conclude that severity of enteric protein loss is not closely related to the degree of abnormality of commonly used measures of disease activity in young patients with Crohn's disease. In contrast, in patients with ulcerative colitis, alpha 1 antitrypsin clearance correlated more consistently with clinical assessment of inflammatory activity (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3491892 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the ontogeny of the gut. PMID- 3491891 TI - Epidermal growth factor does not act as a primary cue for inducing developmental changes in suckling mouse jejunum. AB - The direct influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the differentiation and proliferation of small intestine was studied in organ culture. Eight-day-old mouse small intestine was cultured during 2 days in serum-free Leibovitz L-15 medium alone or supplemented with EGF (50, 100, and 500 ng/ml) either at room temperature or at 37 degrees C. Brush border membrane hydrolytic activities, namely, sucrase, lactase, glucoamylase, trehalase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase, were assayed in the intestinal tissue as well as in the culture medium. None of the brush border enzymic activities was affected by the addition of EGF to the culture medium. This lack of effect is not temperature dependent since it occurred both at room temperature and at 37 degrees C. The addition of hydrocortisone (10(-6) M) to the culture medium induced the appearance of sucrase activity and increased the activity of the other brush border enzymes. The simultaneous addition of EGF with hydrocortisone did not influence the response of the intestinal explants to hydrocortisone. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content was determined while DNA synthesis was evaluated by the incorporation of (3H)-thymidine. The addition of EGF did not affect DNA content or (3H)-thymidine incorporation into DNA either at room temperature or at 37 degrees C. The EGF binding to epithelial cells did not significantly vary throughout the culture period and a down-regulation process occurred in presence of EGF. These observations strongly suggest that EGF does not act as a primary cue for inducing developmental changes in suckling mouse small intestine. It is proposed that EGF induces a systemic reaction in vivo that then influences the neonatal small intestine. PMID- 3491893 TI - Gastric teratoma with gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Gastric teratoma is a rare lesion seen most often in infant males. This case report and review of the literature indicate that an endophytic subtype can be associated with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Neither the age of the patient, the gross appearance of the tumor, nor the presence of intestinal bleeding is evidence of malignancy in this benign condition and simple excision of the lesion is satisfactory treatment. PMID- 3491894 TI - Hemorrhagic complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: prevention and treatment. AB - Hemorrhage related to systemic heparinization is the major complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating complication. ICH developed in 13 of our 25 ECMO patients (52%). Six died, six survived with normal neurologic function, and one is severely impaired. In nine of 13 patients (69%) ECMO was discontinued when serial cranial ultrasounds showed progressive ICH. Seizures developed in six infants while receiving ECMO, and ICH developed in all. There is a correlation between hypertension and ICH. A hypertension index (hours systolic BP greater than 90/hours receiving ECMO) was 0.1 +/- 0.12 for infants without ICH and 0.37 +/- 0.28 for infants with ICH (P less than .05). ICH developed in 79% of the patients with an index greater than 0.1. Twenty neck explorations were required in the first 20 patients for incisional bleeding (mean blood loss, 21.9 +/- 18.0 mL/kg/d). We now use fibrin glue following cannulation and have done only one neck exploration in the last five patients (mean blood loss, 2.8 +/- 2.2 mL/kg/d, P less than .05). Endobronchial bleeding has responded to phenylephrine lavage and increased positive end-expiratory pressure. We have controlled pleural space bleeding with topical thrombin. None of the hemorrhagic complications encountered correlate with the activated clotting time or the amount of heparin used. There is an increased risk of hemorrhage associated with platelet counts less than 100,000/microL for 75% of a day (P less than .05) so that aggressive platelet transfusion remains important in preventing hemorrhagic complications during ECMO. PMID- 3491895 TI - Plasma exchange therapy for endotoxin shock in puppies. AB - The efficacy of plasma exchange (PE) therapy for endotoxin (ET) shock has not been evaluated. The following experimental study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of PE in infants and children and determine the efficacy as a therapeutic modality for ET shock. A compact circuit for PE designed for this experiment consists of two pumps and a membrane plasma separator for a venovenous extracorporeal circulation with the limited prime volume of 100 mL. The capacity of this device for PE was tested. When a membrane separator of 0.3 m2 in surface area was used, a plasma flux of 5 to 13 mL/min was satisfactorily obtained with the blood flow rate of 25 to 40 mL/min, which was taken through centrally placed catheters of 18 gauge or larger. Transmembrane pressure was maintained in a safe range (0 to 50 mm Hg) in the first 90 minutes, during which time a PE of 100 mL/kg was completed with a sieving coefficient greater than 0.8. In 14 puppies (1.8 to 3.5 kg), a shock state was produced by infusion of ET (Escherichia coli, 055:B5). Eight puppies were resuscitated simply with lactated Ringer's solution and bicarbonate. Six puppies were treated with PE using 100 mL/kg of fresh-frozen plasma prepared from adult dogs. A significant decrease in the mean blood pressure, platelet and leukocyte counts, total protein, and CH50 was documented in all animals after ET administration. Seven of eight control animals died within 24 hours of post-ET infusion. All of the six PE-treated animals survived for 48 hours or longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491896 TI - [Inhibitory effect on delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4-delta 5-isomerase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase activities of pig adrenal microsomes by various inhibitors of steroid metabolizing enzyme and steroids]. PMID- 3491897 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous bepridil in patients with coronary disease. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous bepridil (1-[2-(N-benzylanilino)-1 (isobutoxymethyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine ) were studied in 16 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for evaluation of coronary disease, all with normal base line hemodynamic and renal functions. Ten patients received 3 mg/kg and six patients received 4 mg/kg of bepridil infused over a period of 30 min. Plasma bepridil concentrations were measured by HPLC and analyzed by model-dependent and model-independent methods. The mean (+/- SD) maximum plasma bepridil concentrations at the end of the infusion were 2047 +/- 820 ng/mL (3 mg/kg) and 2478 +/- 1426 ng/mL (4 mg/kg). Postinfusion bepridil concentrations were best described by a two-compartment open model. The model-dependent harmonic mean distribution and elimination half-lives were 1.7 h (range: 1.1-2.2 h) and 19.7 h (range: 8.0-61.9 h), respectively. The harmonic mean elimination half-life from model-independent analysis was 14.9 h (range: 7.4-64.0 h). The arithmetic means of other model-independent kinetic parameters were systemic clearance, 0.524 +/- 0.215 L X kg-1 X h-1; Vd, 15.3 +/- 10.9 L/kg; and Vdss, 10.1 +/- 6.0 L/kg. Model dependent and model-independent estimates of half-life and clearance agreed reasonably well. Bepridil was well tolerated, effecting little or no change in central hemodynamics or EKG intervals. The extensive distribution and relatively slow clearance of bepridil account for its long elimination half-life. Intravenous bepridil appears to be a safe calcium (II) antagonist that is suitable for once-a-day dosing. PMID- 3491898 TI - Identification and inheritance of inbred hamster N-acetyltransferase isozymes in peripheral blood. AB - Acetyl CoA-dependent p-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminosalicylic acid N acetyltransferase (NAT) activity was determined in peripheral blood and blood cells from homozygous rapid (RR) acetylator (Bio. 87.20) and homozygous slow (rr) acetylator (Bio. 82.73/H) inbred hamsters and in their F1, F2 and backcross progeny. NAT activity was localized primarily in erythrocytes and was acetylator genotype dependent, as highest levels were expressed in homozygous rapid acetylator hamsters, intermediate levels in heterozygous acetylator hamsters and lowest levels in homozygous slow acetylator hamsters. Bio. 87.20 X Bio. 82.73/H F1 progeny expressed a unimodal nonoverlapping distribution of NAT activity intermediate between the RR and rr parentals. F2 generation progeny segregated into three modes (low, intermediate and high) of 21, 42 and 11, which is not significantly different from 1, 2 and 1. Bio. 82.73/H X F1 backcross progeny segregated into two modes (low and intermediate) of 18 and 16, whereas Bio. 87.20 X F1 backcross progeny segregated into two modes (intermediate and high) of 17 and 14, neither of which is significantly different from 1 and 1. These data are consistent with simple autosomal Mendelian inheritance of blood NAT activity by two codominant alleles at a single genetic locus. Partial purification of peripheral blood NAT activity by ion-exchange chromatography yielded separation of two isozymes that both exhibited acetylator genotype-dependent expression with highest activity in RR, intermediate activity in Rr and nondetectable activity in rr genotypes, respectively. PMID- 3491899 TI - A study of factors influencing synapse formation by a foreign nerve in skeletal muscle of Rana pipiens. AB - The possible influence of the pathway taken by regenerating axons on the characteristics of the synapses they form was investigated by tying the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve (h.n.) to the distal stump of the cutaneus pectoris (c.p.) nerve. This technique allowed the axons from the h.n. to innervate the c.p. muscle via the neural tubes of the degenerated original nerve. The synapses formed by the inappropriate hypoglossal axons in the c.p. muscle after tying the two nerves together were more efficient than synapses formed by the h.n. in the c.p. muscle in a previous study, when the hypoglossal axons had grown across the muscle fibres in an apparently disorganized fashion, rather than within the neural tubes. However, the synapses formed by hypoglossal axons after tying the h.n. and c.p. nerves together were still abnormal compared to unoperated or self-reinnervated muscles. In a further experiment, the brachial nerve (b.n.), which originates from the same spinal segments as the nerve to the c.p. muscle was tied to the distal stump of the c.p. nerve. Synapses formed in the c.p. muscle by the regenerated brachial axons were more efficient than those formed by the h.n. in the c.p. muscle. These results suggest that both the pathway taken by regenerating axons and the segmental origin of the nerves may influence the characteristics of synapses formed by a foreign nerve in frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 3491900 TI - Changes in miniature end-plate potentials due to moderate hypertonicity at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The effect of an increase in tonicity on the amplitude and frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) following superfusion of 50 mM- or 100 mM sucrose-Ringer solution was determined from intracellular recording at end-plates of the frog cutaneous pectoris muscle, in the absence of drugs and using on-line statistical analysis. An immediate decrease in mean amplitude of the order of 20% control was associated with a marked increase in mean frequency. A delayed increase in mean amplitude, independent of frequency, followed the initial response in the majority of end-plates exposed to 100 mM-sucrose-Ringer solution. The net gain was of the order of 34% and was attained over 20-40 min. This was not reversible over at least 20 min. There was an increase in the variability of m.e.p.p. amplitudes associated with the increase of mean amplitude but this was reversible. A moderate increase in tonicity is considered to induce two kinds of presynaptic changes. First, an immediate increase in the probability of release of smaller quantal packets and secondly, an increased loading of transmitter into vesicles within the readily releasable store. PMID- 3491901 TI - Effect of tetanus duration on the free calcium during the relaxation of frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Single fibres were dissected from the tibialis anterior muscle of the frog and injected with the photoprotein aequorin. Tension and the light emission of the injected aequorin (a function of the free intracellular calcium concentration) were recorded both at rest and during tetanus relaxation. The level of light emission from resting single fibres corresponded to a free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of 100 nM (+/- 40 nM, n = 4). The time course of the decline in light was examined during the three periods of muscle relaxation: period 1 during the slow phase of tension relaxation, period 2 during the exponential phase of relaxation and period 3 after the completion of force relaxation. The time course of the decline in light (after a correction for the kinetics of the aequorin reaction) showed that [Ca2+]i declines exponentially with a rate constant of 25 s-1 (+/- 1.7, n = 3) after a single stimulus at 10 degrees C. With increasing tetanus duration, the rate of decline of [Ca2+]i decreased during period 1. It is suggested that this decrease in the rate of decline of [Ca2+]i results from an intracellular calcium buffer (which takes up calcium in parallel with the sarcoplasmic reticulum) becoming loaded with calcium during the tetanus. Throughout period 2 [Ca2+]i was elevated above resting levels. The level of [Ca2+]i during this period varied from fibre to fibre but could be as high as 1 microM. The mean level of [Ca2+]i during this period also depended on the tetanus duration. A long-lasting elevation in [Ca2+]i was observed during period 3, [Ca2+]i returning towards resting levels with an approximately exponential time course. During this period the level of [Ca2+]i (at a given time after the last stimulus) depended on the tetanus duration. It is suggested that this long-lasting elevation in [Ca2+]i reflects the release of calcium from the intracellular calcium buffer described above. The results suggest that the rate of decline of [Ca2+]i after a few seconds of tetanic stimulation can be explained by the rate of calcium sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The increased rate of decline of [Ca2+]i after shorter periods of stimulation may be explained by the presence of a buffer that takes up calcium in parallel with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The later release of calcium from this buffer gives rise to the long-lasting elevation in [Ca2+]i during period 3. The slow kinetics of calcium binding and release by this buffer appear compatible with published data on the kinetic properties of parvalbumin. PMID- 3491902 TI - Effects of external calcium on potassium contractures in tonic muscle fibers of the frog (Rana pipiens). AB - K+ contractures of tonic bundles from cruralis muscle of the frog were studied with different K+ concentrations (10-120 mM). K+ contractures had an initial transient phase followed by a sustained tension. The amplitude of the sustained tension diminished with high K+ concentration (80-120 mM). However, in all cases, tension was maintained for several minutes. External Ca2+ reduction practically abolished the sustained phase of the K+ contractures. The initial phase was also reduced and tension spontaneously relaxed. The curve relating the peak tension with log [K+]o, showed that the threshold was not affected but the peak tension was reduced to about 70% in low-Ca2+ saline (0 Ca2+ + 3 mM-Mg2+) and 50% in Ca2+ free saline (1 mM-EGTA + 3 mM-Mg2+). The dependence of the sustained tension on external Ca2+ was further confirmed by Ca2+ withdrawal and re-establishment and/or by Ni2+ substitution for Ca2+ before or during K+ contractures. These results indicate that external Ca2+ had to be continuously present to maintain the tension during K+ contractures and that Ni2+ was not able to restore the normal temporal course of K+ contracture. The sustained phase was diminished by blocking agents of Ca2+ channels, such as nifedipine (1 microM) and diltiazem (1 10 microM). The present results can be explained by a direct control of the Ca2+ currents on K+ contracture or by specific interactions between external Ca2+ and Ca2+-binding sites in the membrane. PMID- 3491904 TI - The stiffness of frog skinned muscle fibres at altered lateral filament spacing. AB - When the surface membrane is removed from a frog muscle fibre the myofibrils swell, so that the spacing between the filaments increases by 10-30%. In this study, the stiffness of skinned fibres was measured when the lateral spacing of the filament lattice was reduced osmotically using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), a synthetic linear polymer. In the absence of PVP, the apparent stiffness of relaxed skinned fibres measured during ramp stretches was about 0.05-0.1 of the stiffness of intact fibres. The stiffness increased when the lattice spacing was decreased. The mechanical characteristics of resting stiffness in the presence of PVP (or bovine serum albumin) were similar to those of the short-range elastic component of resting intact fibres. However, when the spacing of skinned fibres was reduced osmotically to that of the intact lattice, the stiffness of skinned fibres was about 1.6 times higher. In the absence of PVP, Ca2+-activated skinned fibres were less stiff than are fully active intact fibres during isometric tetani. The skinned fibre force-extension relation was markedly curved. As the filament spacing was reduced, the stiffness of the Ca2+-activated skinned fibres increased, with little change in isometric tension, and the force-extension curve became more linear. Experiments at varied filament overlap and during feed-back control of sarcomere length, monitored by laser diffraction, showed that PVP increased the stiffness of the sarcomeres. The increase of active stiffness in the presence of PVP could be partially dissociated from the increase of resting stiffness by inclusion of Mg tripolyphosphate in the bathing solutions. It is concluded that the low stiffness and the non-linearity of the force-extension curve observed in fully activated skinned fibres are due primarily to the increase of filament separation that occurs when a fibre is skinned. The mechanism may be related to an increased angle between the subfragment-2 part of the cross-bridge and the backbone of the thick filament, perhaps leading to buckling of cross-bridges under compression. PMID- 3491903 TI - Properties of the metallochromic dyes Arsenazo III, Antipyrylazo III and Azo1 in frog skeletal muscle fibres at rest. AB - Intact single twitch fibres from frog muscle were isolated and mounted in a normal Ringer solution (16 degrees C) on an optical bench apparatus for measuring fibre absorbance as a function of the wave-length and polarization of the incident light. Fibre absorbance was measured in resting fibres both in the absence and in the presence of one of three metallochromic dyes: Arsenazo III, Antipyrylazo III and Azo1. In the absence of dye, the fibre intrinsic absorbance, Ai(lambda), measured as a function of wave-length, lambda, was well described by the equation: Ai(lambda) = Ai(lambda long) (lambda long/lambda)X, where lambda long is a reference wave-length selected to lie beyond the absorbance band of the dyes and X is the exponential index. For wave-lengths between 480 and 810 nm, the average value of X was 1.1 for 0 deg polarized light (electric vector parallel to the fibre axis) and 1.3 for 90 deg polarized light (electric vector perpendicular to the fibre axis). The intrinsic absorbance at 0 deg, Ai,0(lambda), was somewhat larger than the intrinsic absorbance at 90 deg, Ai,90(lambda); for example, on average (n = 6), Ai,0 (810 nm) was 0.22, whereas Ai,90 (810 nm) was 0.016. Following dye injection, dye-related absorbance was estimated from the measured total fibre absorbance by subtracting the component attributable to the intrinsic absorbance; additionally, for comparison with in vitro calibrations as a function of wave-length, myoplasmic dye absorbance was corrected for the steady change in dye-concentration with time that was attributable to dye diffusion. In fibres injected with either Arsenazo III or Antipyrylazo III, the dye-related absorbance measured with 0 deg light, A0(lambda), was found to be significantly greater than that measured with 90 deg light, A90(lambda), indicating the presence of a resting 'dichroic' signal, A0(lambda)-A90(lambda), attributable to bound and oriented dye molecules. On average, the lower limit estimated for the percentage of oriented dye was 2.8-3.0% for Antipyrylazo III and 1.5-1.8% for Arsenazo III, the population differences between the two dyes being statistically significant. The actual percentage of bound and oriented dye molecules is likely to be considerably larger for both dyes. For Arsenazo III, the wave-length dependence of the dichroic signal was not distinguishably different from the 'isotropic' signal, defined as (A0(lambda) + 2A90(lambda))/3. which represents the average spectrum of all the dye molecules independent of orientation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3491905 TI - Correlation between natural radiation exposure and cancer mortality in Japan (I). PMID- 3491906 TI - Suicide and black adolescents: a medical dilemma. AB - The psychosocial dynamics of black adolescent suicide are examined in light of the available literature and the authors' clinical experience. The authors contend that members of the medical profession who are in touch with the physical problems of black adolescents must become sensitive to the magnitude of the problem and assist with developing compassionate, bold, and responsible suicide prevention and treatment modalities. PMID- 3491907 TI - Multiple rib fractures: transcutaneous nerve stimulation versus conventional analgesia. AB - We have used transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to treat the acute pain of rib fractures. The study shows that it is an effective technique, achieving higher subjective pain relief scores by patients when compared with analgesic combinations, and achieving greater increases objectively in arterial oxygen concentrations and peak expiratory flow rates. TENS approaches the ideal analgesic in that it is continuous in effect and the dose is patient regulated. It is recommended as an important adjunct to conventional therapy. PMID- 3491908 TI - Weight of contemporary Nigerian growing children in clinical anthropology. PMID- 3491909 TI - Requirement of a thymus dependent immune response for BCG-mediated antitumor activity. AB - Surgical adjuvant intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is an effective method of treating superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The role of the immune response in the antitumor activity of intravesical BCG is not known. We investigated the requirement of a thymus dependent immune response for the inhibition of the growth of the intravesically implanted mouse bladder tumor, MBT-2. Intravesical BCG had no antitumor activity when administered to athymic nude mice bearing MBT-2 tumors. In two experiments tumor outgrowth in control and BCG-treated mice was identical. Adoptive transfer of BCG sensitized splenocytes (one spleen equivalent per mouse injected intravenously immediately prior to the first BCG treatment) syngeneic to the MBT 2 tumor transferred delayed hypersensitivity reactivity to BCG antigens and restored the antitumor activity of intravesical BCG. In two separate experiments mice receiving splenocytes plus BCG had 0 and 20% tumor outgrowth compared with 100% in control mice (p less than .02 and p less than .05, respectively). These results demonstrate that the antitumor activity of intravesical BCG therapy requires a thymus-dependent immune response. PMID- 3491910 TI - Clinical, immunologic, and serologic findings in men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The San Francisco Men's Health Study. AB - Forty-nine percent of homosexual/bisexual men were positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population-based probability sample of 1034 single men recruited from San Francisco. All heterosexual men were negative. Among seropositive men, marked lymphadenopathy was present in 29%, and 16% had at least two other symptoms or signs suggestive of HIV infection. However, lymphadenopathy alone failed to indicate severity of immune impairment. The occurrence of two or more clinical signs and symptoms, except for marked lymphadenopathy, correlated with HIV infection, diminished skin test reactivity, and reduction in Leu 3a T cells. Twenty-nine percent of seropositive men had fewer than 400 absolute Leu 3a T helper cells per microliter (less than 0.4 X 10(9)/L). Seronegative homosexual/bisexual men did not differ from heterosexual men in any clinical or laboratory variables except for increased numbers of suppressor Leu 2a T suppressor cells per microliter. PMID- 3491911 TI - Effect of T4 count and cofactors on the incidence of AIDS in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AB - We prospectively evaluated potential markers and cofactors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 86 homosexual men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. During three years of follow-up, 19 men developed AIDS. Risk of AIDS was clearly predicted by the total number of circulating OKT4-positive lymphocytes (T4 count) at enrollment, while the corresponding T8 count was unrelated to subsequent AIDS development. Subjects in Manhattan had a higher risk of Kaposi's sarcoma than did subjects in Washington, DC, and the risk of AIDS tended to increase with numerous homosexual partners. Several of 40 potential cofactors defined ex post facto, including receptive fellatio, enemas, methaqualone use, and high levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, appeared to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma but not with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Our data suggest that potent cofactors for Pneumocystis pneumonia were not prominent, pointing to the need for effective drug therapies, particularly to reduce the high AIDS risk of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and low T4 counts. PMID- 3491912 TI - Long-term results and its managements after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Between 1970 and 1985, 221 patients with coronary artery occlusive disease underwent aorto-coronary bypass (A-C bypass) and other procedures. Among these patients, 187 had A-C bypass alone and A-C bypass in addition to correction of valvular lesions or arterialization of the coronary vein, myocardial puncture by laser. The remaining 34 had surgical corrections for myocardial infarction and its complications. Subjects were 100 patients who underwent A-C bypass alone over 6 months ago and whose follow-up study could be performed in 93 survival cases [corrected]. Subsequently, 94% of the patients have met the criteria for grade I of NYHA functional capacity and have returned to normal work at a mean of 4 years and 2 months after surgery. Improved left ventricular function has been maintained postoperatively in the patients with complete revascularization. Improved operative technique, in addition to intraoperative balloon angioplasty and onlay patch grafting, have increased the patency rate (78% in 1 mm, 94% in 2 mm of coronary diameter) of the grafts with postoperative anticoagulant therapy. On the basis of our long-term observations, coronary bypass surgery, particularly in complete revascularization, provides for significant improvement in both the quality and life expectancy of patients with severe coronary heart disease. Treadmill exercise test and magnetic resonance image (MRI) were useful, non invasive and acceptable examinations in long-term follow up. PMID- 3491913 TI - Current status and problems in long-term management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in Japan. AB - We studied 272 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) to clarify the long-term effects of CABS and to identify problems in long-term management. Data on patients' pre and postoperative medical status were obtained from hospital files. A specially designed questionnaire was sent to all patients to assess residual angina, return to work, non-work physical activity and improvement in the quality of life after a mean follow-up of 29 months. Multivessel disease accounted for 89% of all patients and complete revascularization was achieved in 55%. A total of 131 events of complications associated with CABS occurred in 112 patients; post-transfusion hepatitis was the most frequent complication (26%). Graft patency rate was 89% at the time of hospital discharge. Bypass grafts were patent in 95% of 243 grafts which were restudied at a mean period of 19 months after the first study. There was no significant difference in the patency rate between patients with well controlled, poorly controlled or discontinued anticoagulant therapy. Patients who were relieved from angina, returned to gainful work and had no limitation in non-work physical activity accounted for 74%, 79% and 73%, respectively. By subjective assessment, the quality of life improved in 76% of all patients. Objectively, contributing factors preventing improvement in the life quality were residual angina and post-transfusion hepatitis. There were 13 patients who were readmitted because of cardiac events. Three patients died from these events including two from sudden death during follow-up. We conclude that the beneficial effects of CABS are actually attainable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491915 TI - [Two cases of bowel bleeding and perforation during initial treatment of childhood Burkitt's lymphoma]. PMID- 3491914 TI - [Ototoxicity tests for T-2588 in rats]. AB - Ototoxic effects of T-2588 on the spiral and the vestibular organs of the inner ear were investigated in 50 rats of Sprague-Dawley strain. Fifty female rats were divided into 5 groups consisting of 2 T-2588-test groups at dose levels of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/day, respectively, and 2 kanamycin (KM) groups at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively, and the control group. The administration of T-2588 was done orally through gastric tube daily for 5 weeks. The ototoxic effect was evaluated by the differential frequency pinna reflex test with frequency ranging from 200 Hz to 20,000 Hz before, during and after the administration of a test substance, then investigated histopathologically on serial celloidin sections of the bilateral temporal bones. The results were summarized below. In any rat receiving either level of T-2588, pinna reflex impairment was not detected at any frequencies. And there was no noticeable change either in the cochlea or in the vestibulum. In 10 rats which received KM at a dose level of 200 mg/kg/day, there was no impairment in pinna reflex, but, histopathologically, the loss of outer hair cells was observed, though inner hair cells were present. In the vestibular organ, a scattered loss of hair cells was observed in 8 rats. One of 9 rats which received KM at a dose level of 400 mg/kg/day showed the loss of pinna reflex in the frequency range tested. This rat showed histopathologically extensive loss of both outer and inner hair cells. In other rats showing no impaired pinna reflex, the loss of outer hair cells was rather extensive, but inner hair cell loss was unilaterally confined in the basal end of the first turn. In the vestibular organs of all rats, a scattered loss of hair cells was observed. PMID- 3491916 TI - [The defense mechanism and its weakening: generation of the immune system]. PMID- 3491917 TI - [An estimation of functional reserve of the liver in liver cirrhosis using PABA test]. PMID- 3491919 TI - [Introduction of POS to nursing. 15. A lack of understanding by physicians in advantages of sharing records with nurses]. PMID- 3491918 TI - [New imaging diagnosis of the kidney]. PMID- 3491920 TI - Bleeding esophageal varices caused by Graves' hypervascular cervical goiter. AB - A 65-year-old woman presented with an episode of hematemesis and a recurrent cervical goiter due to Graves' disease. The angiogram revealed bleeding esophageal varices which had developed through a drainage vein of the vascular goiter. Total thyroidectomy resulted in eradication of the esophageal varices. PMID- 3491922 TI - [The evaluation of A-C bypass surgery using myocardial positron computed tomography]. PMID- 3491921 TI - [Effect of coronary collateral circulation on postoperative cardiac function]. PMID- 3491923 TI - [Use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of postoperative pain in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 3491924 TI - Human melanoma cell lines showing striking inherent differences in sensitivity to immunotoxins containing holotoxins. AB - The in vitro sensitivity of human melanoma cell lines to conjugates of whole abrin or ricin linked through disulfide bonds to the monoclonal antimelanoma antibody 9.2.27 was studied. After passage of the conjugates through a Sepharose 4B column to remove molecular species with exposed binding sites on their B chains, toxicity of the conjugates to different melanoma cell lines and nonmelanoma tumor lines was assessed by measuring their ability to inhibit cellular protein synthesis. The abrin conjugate was far more toxic to the target cells than the corresponding ricin conjugate. The 8 melanoma cell lines studied differed widely in their sensitivities to the abrin conjugate. The differences were associated with concomitant large differences in the sensitivities of the cells to the native toxins, and the significance of the level of the antigen expression became apparent only when the sensitivities of the different cell lines were normalized with respect to their sensitivity to native abrin. The observed relationship could not be accounted for by unspecific binding via the B chain binding site of the immunotoxin. The differential sensitivity of the melanoma cell lines to the immunotoxin seems to be related to inherent differences between the cells in their ability to internalize and to process immunotoxins and toxins. The findings may have considerable practical implications. PMID- 3491926 TI - [Repeat operations in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3491925 TI - Differential induction of suppressor macrophages by cloned Lewis lung carcinoma variants in mice. AB - The splenic T-lymphocyte blastogenic and natural killer cell (NK) activities of C57BL/6 mice bearing cloned metastatic C3 or nonmetastatic C8 variants of the Lewis lung carcinoma were suppressed. The suppression was greater in mice bearing the metastatic C3 tumors than the nonmetastatic C8 tumors, although primary tumor sizes were similar. Macrophages were shown to cause this differential in immune responsiveness, while depletion of splenic macrophages by adherence restored the T-cell and NK responses. Also, splenic macrophages from C3 tumor bearers were more suppressive to normal spleen cell activities than were splenic macrophages from C8 tumor bearers. The suppression by the macrophages of C3 bearers was indomethacin sensitive and was associated with an increased secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Normal macrophages incubated with C3 culture supernatants were more suppressive to NK and T-cell activities and secreted more PGE2 than did macrophages incubated with the C8 supernatants or with medium. This finding suggested that the immune suppression in mice bearing C3 tumors was initiated by a soluble tumor factor(s) that stimulated the development of prostaglandin-dependent suppressor macrophages. An in vivo study examined if treating C3-bearing mice with indomethacin to prevent the prostaglandin-dependent macrophage suppressor activity would influence host survival. The survival time of C3-bearing mice treated with indomethacin was prolonged. These results suggest that the macrophage-mediated immune suppression induced by tumor cells may facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. PMID- 3491927 TI - [Leiomyoma of the stomach as the cause of profuse bleeding]. PMID- 3491928 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of bleeding leiomyomas of the small intestine]. PMID- 3491929 TI - Role for macrophage products in endotoxin-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation during inflammation. AB - Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) released by Gram-negative bacteria induce acute inflammation with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration. The mechanism of PMNL accumulation appears to be complement-independent and is not well understood. Here, we report investigation of the factors which may mediate LPS-induced PMNL accumulation in the pleural cavity and skin of rabbits. The intrapleural injection of 50 ng of Escherichia coli 0111 LPS caused the appearance in the exudate fluid of an activity which, upon intradermal injection induced PMNL accumulation in the skin, as measured by a 51Cr-labeled leukocyte assay and which was confirmed histologically. This activity preceded by 30 minutes the massive influx of PMNL into the pleural cavity. 125I-labeled LPS, gel filtration chromatography, limulus amebocyte lysate assays, and polymyxin B allowed distinction between reactions in the skin attributable to LPS and reactions due to the effect of this "PMNL infiltration-inducing activity." Pleural macrophages cultured for 3 to 6 hours with 3 to 30 ng/ml of LPS also released factors which induced PMNL infiltration into the skin. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of LPS-induced pleural exudate fluid or of supernatants from LPS stimulated macrophage cultures yielded identical elution profiles, with one major peak of PMNL infiltration-inducing activity at an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 and a minor peak at 14,000 to 18,000. Only the low molecular weight fraction contained interleukin 1 activity. Lipid A was required for the secretion of these factors by macrophages. The LPS shed by killed E. coli also induced macrophage production of PMNL infiltration-inducing activity. The activity was sensitive to pronase, and its production was inhibited by an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide). The active factors did not induce PMNL chemotaxis, aggregation, or chemiluminescence in vitro indicating that the activity was not C5a. We conclude that PMNL infiltration induced by LPS and perhaps by Gram negative bacteria, may be mediated in part by the secretion from tissue macrophages of factors which can recruit PMNLs from the blood. The most active of these (approximately equal to 45,000 daltons) lacks interleukin-1 or PMNL chemotactic activity. PMID- 3491931 TI - Similarities among the pre-S regions of hepatitis B viruses: analogy with retroviral transmembrane proteins. PMID- 3491930 TI - [Effects of several antilipemic agents on the activity of liver microsomal enzymes]. AB - Male Wistar rats were treated daily for 7 days with clofibrate (250 mg/kg/d), benfluorex (50 mg/kg/d), tiadenol (200 mg/kg/d), nicoclonate (100 mg/kg/d) or hexanicit (50 mg/kg/d). The cytochrome P 450 level and ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity (ECDE) in liver microsomes were markedly increased by administration of clofibrate and slightly increased by tiadenol. Benfluorex only increased the activity of ECDE and nicoclonate and hexanicit had no effect. Clofibrate, tiadenol and benfluorex increased the activity of microsomal bilirubin UDP glucuronosyltransferase. On the other hand, the nicotinic derivatives were ineffective. Tiadenol clearly enhanced the inductive effects of phenobarbital. PMID- 3491932 TI - Characterization of in vivo activated lymphocytes found in the peripheral blood of patients undergoing cardiac operation. AB - We studied in vivo lymphocyte activation in patients who underwent cardiac operation. A large number of deoxyribonucleic acid-synthesizing cells characterized by 3H-thymidine uptake and morphologically atypical lymphocytes were found after operation in the peripheral blood samples of patients, the peak level occurring on the sixth or seventh postoperative day. Most of the deoxyribonucleic acid-synthesizing cells were in the B cell fraction. The number of antibody secreting cells in the patients' peripheral blood samples was found increased from the normal level after operation. Immunoglobulin A-secreting cells were the most elevated fraction. The percentage of helper (OKT4) and suppressor (OKT8) cells in the postoperative samples was not significantly different from that in the preoperative samples. Only a few were Ia antigen positive cells. Co culture of patients' B cells with their own T cells and with the T cells taken from two healthy controls revealed no signs of any helper or suppressor effect on these antibody-secreting cells. The results show that after cardiac operation the peripheral blood of patients contains an increased number of immunoglobulin secreting cells. The regulatory T-lymphocytes seem not to have any effect in vitro on these in vivo activated cells. PMID- 3491933 TI - Risk factors among patients undergoing repeat aorta-coronary bypass procedures. AB - It is estimated that as many as 7% of patients who have an aorta-coronary bypass operation will require a second bypass procedure within 10 to 12 years. Using information from the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry, we matched 166 men who underwent two coronary bypass operations at least 6 months apart, between 1968 and 1981, with 428 patients who had a single procedure. Patients were matched according to date of operation and left ventricular wall motility function for analysis of risk factors for repeat operation. Elevated triglyceride levels were found to be the strongest risk factors associated with reoperation. In addition, both younger age and less complete revascularization during the first operation were significant predictive factors of repeat operation. The results suggest that efforts to reduce plasma triglyceride levels and ensure adequate revascularization may significantly reduce the need for repeat coronary bypass. PMID- 3491934 TI - Effects of physical exercise training on cardiac function and graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The effects of physical exercise training after coronary artery bypass grafting on recovery of cardiac function and graft patency were studied in 115 patients. The patients were divided into Group I (N = 60) with and Group II (N = 55) without a scheduled rehabilitation program. The rate of graft patency was 98% in Group I and 80% in Group II. After operation, the exercise cardiac index and stroke index were significantly higher in Group I than in Group II. The exercise stroke index increased significantly in Group I, but not in Group II. The variables affecting graft patency, examined by a stepwise method, included double product, cardiac index, stroke index, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during postoperative exercise conditions, and postoperative exercise training. The multiple coefficient for these five variables was 0.459 (p less than 0.01). Our findings suggest that physical exercise training should be started as early as possible after coronary artery bypass grafting to improve graft patency and recovery of cardiac function. PMID- 3491935 TI - Elevation of c-abl-mRNA in human leukemic B lymphoblasts. AB - Analysis of v-abl-homologous transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 leukemia patients revealed a 5-kb species as the major abl-mRNA present. Elevated levels of this 5-kb transcript, together with detectable levels of 2- and 10-kb abl-homologous species, were observed in mRNA samples from two patients, one with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph')-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis, and the other with childhood Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia. These abl-homologous transcripts differed from the aberrant 8-kb abl-mRNA reported by others in Ph'-positive CML patients in both size and extent of v-abl homology. No alteration in the organization of v-abl-homologous sequences was detected in the genomic DNA of the Ph'-positive CML patient. Karyotypic analysis of the Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia patient revealed the presence of an 8,14 translocation together with a number of other chromosomal aberrations. However, no abnormality of chromosome 9 could be detected. Hence, the observed increase in c-abl transcription is not consistently associated with either gross gene rearrangement or presence of the Ph'. The high levels of c-abl mRNA may be a function of the cell type involved (early lymphoid blast), suggesting that failure to down-regulate c-abl may be a factor in the onset of pre- or early B lymphoid leukemias. PMID- 3491936 TI - Decreased membrane "fluidity" of T lymphocytes from untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Plasma membrane "fluidity" of peripheral blood T lymphocytes from untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and healthy controls was studied using the fluorescent probes 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1 (4(trimethylamino)phenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH). In 13 consecutive patients a significant increase of T lymphocyte plasma membrane microviscosity was observed with both DPH and TMA-DPH. These alterations seemed unrelated to the cholesterol (Chol) and phospholipid (PL) content of HD T lymphocytes since the Chol/PL ratio was comparable in both HD and control cells. Since prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from monocytic origin has been claimed to be responsible for the impairment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) associated with HD, we studied the effect of exogeneously added PGE2 (0.1 microM) on control subjects T lymphocyte membrane "fluidity". Using the fluorescent probe DPH and the spin labelled fatty acid probe 16 NMS for electron paramagnetic resonance study, we observed a PGE2 induced fluidization of control T lymphocyte membranes which is specifically located in the inner part of the plasma membrane, whereas the plasma membrane surface seemed unaffected by PGE2 as judged by the TMA-DPH probe. Thus, PGE2 does not appear to be responsible for the alterations of T lymphocyte membranes observed in HD. Intrinsic alterations and/or other mediators might be involved. PMID- 3491938 TI - Performance of platinum stimulating electrodes, mapped on the limit-voltage plane. Part 1. Charge injection in vivo. PMID- 3491937 TI - [Hemorrhage from the digestive tract in neonates]. AB - From 1975 to 1984 there were 28,177 newborns 26,367 of them being born at term. In 96 term delivered newborns, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract occurred at the rate 0.36% of term delivered newborns and at rate of 0.34% of all newborns in the period observed. A higher frequency of bleeding was observed in male (58.3%) than in female (41.7%) newborns. Hematemesis was found in 67.7% and melena in 12.5% of newborns, while 19.8% showed associated symptoms K-vitamin was not given to newborns. The most frequent hematological causes of bleeding were singled out on the basis of normal coagulation findings. There were neither hemorrhagic amniotic fluid nor fissures on the nipples. Fetal hemoglobin was found in the bloody stool. In these children there were no lesions of the mucosa in the oral cavity. The subconjunctival and petechial bleeding in the face already at birth was observed in 18.75% of children. Most of the bleeding observed (44.79%) occurred 48 hours after birth. In 46.9% of cases, the delivery was protracted and in 75% of cases it was terminated surgically: in 43.8% by vacuum extraction and in 31.2% by cesarean section. The percentage of pregnant women who did not take any drugs during pregnancy was 66.7%. Bleeding stopped after the administration of K vitamin and Dicynon in 70.8% of newborns, while in 17.7% transfusion had to be applied. Not a single child was operated on. In the authors' opinion, bleeding in the newborns observed caused by stress: 75% of them were delivered surgically because of asphyxia. PMID- 3491939 TI - Performance of platinum stimulating electrodes mapped on the limit-voltage plane. Part 2. Corrosion in vitro. PMID- 3491940 TI - Electrolytic current-control elements for surgically implanted electrical devices. PMID- 3491941 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance diagnosis of tumors of the internal auditory canal and the cerebellopontile angle]. AB - The diagnosis of acoustic neuromas has been continually improving. By means of gas cisternography used additionally, intracanalicular neuromas can be imaged indirectly. However, these procedures lead to a certain degree to both false positive and false negative results. With MRI, as the latest imaging technique, it is always possible to detect early stages of intracanalicular growth. When using a surface coil spatial resolution will be less than 1 mm. Our experience with this imaging technique in the diagnosis of tumours of the inner ear canal and the cerebellopontine angle is discussed and our indications for the use of MRI are presented. PMID- 3491942 TI - Treatment of tinnitus with electrical stimulation: an evaluation of the Audimax Theraband. AB - Several treatment forms exist for tinnitus. These multiple treatments speak to the elusive etiology of tinnitus. Many authors have reported tinnitus reduction or elimination with electrical stimulation. This study evaluates a new device (Audimax Theraband) which delivers inaudible, transdermal, mastoid electrical stimulation. Thirty patients suffering from chronic tinnitus were evaluated in a single-blind crossover fashion. Since the electrical stimulation is inaudible, each patient served as his or her own control. Patients received actual or placebo stimulation over a period of 2 weeks. They rated their tinnitus levels and the effectiveness of the device before and after using the Theraband. Only 2 subjects out of 30 (7%) obtained true positive results. Side effects were minimal and reversible. PMID- 3491943 TI - Intraoperative real-time monitoring of brain stem facial evoked response (BFER). AB - Injury to the facial nerve is of concern in surgery of cerebellopontine angle tumors. The crossed acoustic reflex provides a way to monitor the ipsilateral facial nerve with the auditory stimuli delivered to the contralateral side. Using the method of optimum digital filtering, it is possible to monitor the resulting brain stem facial evoked response (BFER) in real time. This paper presents preliminary experiences in more than 18 such operations monitored using this method. This preliminary study demonstrates a trend for a high (88.8%) correlation between BFER and postoperative facial nerve function. Identical latencies from simultaneous BFER and facial nerve recordings along with findings after facial nerve transection suggest that some portion of the complex BFER waveform derives from facial nerve depolarization. PMID- 3491944 TI - Human leukocytic antigens in autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases is associated with inheritance of certain Human Leukocytic Antigens (HLA), determinants which have become diagnostic or prognostic markers. In this study of HLA antigen frequencies among patients with autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, 39 patients with this otologic disorder were typed for HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. A significant increase of Cw7 occurred in 51% of patients compared to 21% of 627 matched controls (relative risk, 3.95). Trends towards increased frequencies of Cw4, B35 and reduced frequency of DR4 were also observed. These data suggest a possible immunogenetic predisposition to this otologic disorder. The presence of Cw7 may facilitate the diagnosis of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 3491946 TI - Differential responsiveness to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity in sub-regions of the primate substantia nigra and striatum. AB - After treatment with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), there was a severe loss of dopamine (DA) at all examined sites in the striatum, both in those monkeys which remained asymptomatic (77-99%) and in one monkey which developed severe parkinsonian disability (94-99%). However, the asymptomatic animals had normal DA concentration in the substantia nigra (SN); yet in the symptomatic animal DA was largely depleted in the central (86%) and medial (94%), but not lateral (8%) regions of the SN. The HVA/DA ratio was raised in the striatum of all MPTP-treated animals. In the SN though, this ratio was elevated only in the symptomatic animal, in the central and medial, but not lateral regions. The contralateral half of these brains were examined for DA histofluorescence. The SN of asymptomatic animals had a slight increase in lipofuscin fluorescence within dopaminergic neurons and a small reduction in the number of dopaminergic cells, while fluorescent intensity of individual neurons was unchanged. The SN of the symptomatic animal displayed a sharp decline in the number of DA neurons along with an increase in autofluorescent pigment granules; these changes were most pronounced in the central and medial regions of the SN. These data suggest that after MPTP the terminals of the nigrostriatal pathway are affected before the cell bodies. In the one symptomatic animal emergence of parkinsonian disability corresponded with a marked loss of DA neurons and DA concentration in the central and medial regions of the SN. In the control monkeys a gradient in the concentration of amines and metabolites was observed within the SN; the lateral region contained the highest and the medial region the lowest concentration. PMID- 3491945 TI - Relaxant effect of dopamine on isolated rabbit pulmonary artery. AB - In rabbit pulmonary artery, dopamine (10(-11)-10(-5) M) produced a concentration dependent relaxation of the arterial strips contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in the presence of prazosin (10(-6) M), yohimbine (10(-6) M), propranolol (10(-6) M), and methysergide (10(-6) M). SKF38393, an agonist for D1 or DA1 dopamine receptor, mimicked partially the concentration-response curve for dopamine, whereas LY171555 and apomorphine did not. The order of potency of dopamine antagonists on the inhibitory effect was: cis-flupenthixol greater than bulbo-capnine greater than metoclopramide greater than haloperidol. Sulpiride was inactive. Cis-flupenthixol did not block the relaxation induced by acetylcholine, adenosine, and papaverine. In the arterial strips of the rabbits pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine, the concentration-response curve for dopamine was similar to that in non-treated rabbits. Thus it is concluded that a specific dopamine receptor is located on the postsynaptic muscle membrane of the rabbit pulmonary artery. PMID- 3491948 TI - [Tuberculous intoxication in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3491947 TI - Cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in patients with poor left ventricular function undergoing coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3491950 TI - Epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Australia . AB - Since 1982, when the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in Australia, a total of 373 cases has been reported to the NHMRC Special Unit in AIDS Epidemiology and Clinical Research to December 19, 1986. Analysis of the data shows that 70% of cases were diagnosed in NSW and of all cases 88% were found to be in homosexual or bisexual men, with the majority aged between 30 and 39 years. Opportunistic infections were found in nearly three quarters of cases. A mathematical model which has been developed predicts that 1000 cases will have been diagnosed by mid-1988 and nearly that many again in 1990 alone. The absence of a treatment or vaccine, the likelihood that current Australian resources will be inadequate to deal with the predicted number of cases, and the urgent need to establish measures that are aimed at controlling the extent of the disease are emphasized. PMID- 3491949 TI - Interleukin-2 production during murine infection by Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. AB - Highly susceptible BALB/c mice, resistant C57B1/6 and their F1 progeny (BDF1) were infected subcutaneously in the foot pad with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. At various times after infection, spleen or draining popliteal lymph node cells were assayed for their capacity to generate Interleukin-2 (I1-2) by Concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation. In both BALB/c and C57B1/6 strains there was a transient increase in their capacity to produce I1-2, from the 3rd to the 10th week post-infection. Return to pre-infection levels occurred between 13th to 16th week post-infection in all three strains. BALB/c mice always produced higher titers of I1-2 than C57B1/6, but such differences were statistically significant only at 3 and 10 weeks post-infection. BDF1 mice had titers similar to those observed in BALB/c mice. I1-2 production by ConA-stimulated lymph node cells was lower as compared to the spleen, but with a similar pattern among the three mice strains. Our data show that susceptibility to infection by L. mexicana amazonensis is not associated with deficient ConA-stimulated I1-2 production. PMID- 3491951 TI - [Studies on hemorrhagic gastritis after extended gastric devascularization using portal hypertensive dogs]. AB - We studied a cause of postoperative hemorrhagic gastritis in the disease of portal hypertension experimentally. Five portal hypertensive dogs, produced by our whole liver compression procedure, underwent transabdominal devascularization on one-third upper gastric portion. In the gastric cardia, mucosal blood flow and tissue oxygen tension (PTO2) were measured by Hydrogen gas clearance method and PTO2 sensor for 14 days after surgery. Moreover P50, 2,3-DPG, pH, Hb, and blood temperature were also monitored for 14 days. In gastric hemodynamic changes, mucosal blood flow showed a moderate reduction immediately after surgery and returned to the previous value on the 14th postoperative day, although the value of PTO2 was dropped gradually for 14 days. Especially, postoperative changes in PTO2 showed significant correlation with P50 and 2,3-DPG. On the other hand, slight atrophic gastritis was recognized microscopically in devascularized gastric cardia. From these results, mucosal hypoxia of the upper gastric portion may be influenced by a remarkable reduction of P50 and 2,3-DPG, and it seems to easily lead to the state of hemorrhagic gastritis. PMID- 3491952 TI - Co-operation between the pair of C gamma 2 domains in Clq-binding by rabbit IgG. AB - The single site binding constants of rabbit IgG and its plasmin-derived fragments F(acb)2, Facb and F(ab)2 for human C1q were measured by the sedimentation velocity method. The intact IgG and F(acb)2 having the paired C gamma 2 domains gave an identical association constant at 20 degrees C (Ka) of 3.02 X 10(4) M-1 in the presence of a physiological concn of salt and on the basis of six sites per C1q. The C1q-binding affinity was found to be decreased to 1.04 X 10(4) M-1 in the reduced, monomerized fragment Facb. Under the same conditions F(ab)2, which is completely unable to activate the classical complement cascade, gave an apparent C1q-affinity of 0.36 X 10(4) M-1. The results, together with previous observations, led us to the conclusion that the C1q-binding site of rabbit IgG is constituted associatively by the pair of C gamma 2 domains, each of which providing a limited, complementary part of the binding free energy between IgG and C1q. PMID- 3491953 TI - Stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses by rabies virus glycoprotein and identification of an immunodominant domain. AB - The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to rabies virus glycoprotein has been studied. A primary in vivo CTL response was obtained following inoculation of A/J mice with 10 micrograms of glycoprotein, but only when in the form of reconstituted glycoprotein-lipid vesicles. These glycoprotein-lipid vesicles were prepared with lipids from BHK-21 cells, and did not incorporate mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Secondary in vitro stimulation of rabies virus-specific CTL was obtained with inactivated virus and with larger quantities of glycoprotein. This response, but not that induced by rabies virus infected stimulator cells, was dependent on the presence of radiation-resistant accessory cells which could not be replaced with T-cell growth factors. An analysis of the molecular requirements for stimulation of CTL by glycoprotein revealed that cleavage by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) or limited tryptic digestion actually enhanced stimulation of CTL. In contrast, reduction and alkylation destroyed activity. Following separation of CNBr or tryptic fragments by gel electrophoresis or high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (under nonreducing conditions), a nominal determinant of glycoprotein was identified. One CNBr peptide (residues 103-178) and one peak of tryptic peptides were found to stimulate rabies virus-specific CTL. The tryptic peak was further analyzed by Edman degradation-sequencing, and found to consist of three peptides with amino terminals at residues 130, 251 and 279. This evidence suggests that a nominal determinant of glycoprotein responsible for stimulating rabies virus-specific CTL is located between residues 130-178 of the glycoprotein, and incorporates a single disulfide loop (159-169) which is necessary for biologic activity. PMID- 3491955 TI - [Ontogenesis of the immune system]. AB - A review of the current knowledge in the ontogeny of the humoral and cellular immune system is presented. Particular attention is paid to the T cell maturation in the thymus and the characterization of lymphoid cells using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3491954 TI - Murine Gc globulin binds to a synthetic sequential polypeptide that is a murine B lymphocyte mitogen. AB - A non-immunoglobulin component in mouse serum was found to compete with antibody for the binding of a polyanionic antigen, poly (Tyr-Glu-Ala-Gly). The percent of the polymer (44 ng/ml) bound at physiological pH by the serum component in normal mouse serum was low (18%), but was much higher at pH 6.0 (85%). As a result, the binding of the polyanionic peptide antigen by antibody in immune serum was considerably lower at pH 6.0 than it was at physiological pH. These results should be taken into account when dealing with similar antigens that have been frequently studied in immunology, such as poly (Glu60 Ala40) and poly (Glu60 Ala30 Tyr10). The non-immunoglobulin serum component has been identified as Gc globulin, a vitamin D-binding protein that has been shown to be present on the surface of B lymphocytes. This binding might be responsible for the murine B cell mitogenicity of poly (Tyr-Glu-Ala-Gly) that has been previously reported. PMID- 3491957 TI - [Human pathogenic dermatophyte flora in Saarland and Western Palatia--current status]. PMID- 3491956 TI - Therapeutic possibilities of virus-modified tumor cell extracts and interleukin-2 in human ovarian cancer. PMID- 3491958 TI - [Significance of phagocytes and the T lymphocyte system in the defense against Candida albicans infections (review)]. PMID- 3491960 TI - Jogger's leukocytes. PMID- 3491959 TI - Fertility rates in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Among 80 women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (40 with the simple virilizing form and 40 with the salt-losing form), 40 reported having an adequate introitus and being heterosexually active. In 15 of 25 patients with the simple virilizing form, 25 pregnancies resulted in 20 normal children, whereas only 1 of 15 women with the salt-losing form became pregnant; this pregnancy was electively terminated. Several factors seem to be responsible for the low fertility rates: noncompliance with therapy was probably high, as suggested by hirsutism and poor endocrine follow-up in 25 percent of patients; whereas 49 patients had regular menstrual periods, 14 had irregular periods, 10 had amenorrhea, 5 had undergone hysterectomy, and 2 had entered menopause; 87 percent of patients with salt loss and 50 percent of those with simple virilization (P less than 0.001) had remained single; the vaginal introitus was reported to be inadequate for intercourse by 35 percent of patients (53 percent of those with salt loss and 18 percent of those with simple virilization; P less than 0.002); and heterosexual activity was reported less frequently among patients with an inadequate introitus. The status of the introitus seemed to have a more important role in the sexual activity reported than did the degree of prenatal exposure to androgen (which was higher among patients with salt loss than among those with simple virilization). However, our data did not rule out an effect of androgen exposure on female fetuses. Our experience indicates that improved surgical correction of the external genitalia and better compliance with therapy will be necessary to improve fertility rates among women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3491962 TI - Immunotherapy of advanced cancer. PMID- 3491961 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-1987. A 48-year-old woman with intermittent abdominal pain of four years' duration. PMID- 3491963 TI - A second messenger function for inositol tetrakisphosphate. PMID- 3491965 TI - Origin and distribution of cerebral vascular innervation from superior cervical, trigeminal and spinal ganglia investigated with retrograde and anterograde WGA HRP tracing in the rat. AB - Peripheral sources of cerebral vascular innervation have been investigated with retrograde and anterograde neuronal tracing of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the rat. For retrograde identification of sources of innervation, WGA-HRP was applied to the exposed basilar artery through a fine slit in the overlying meninges, and sections of brain and peripheral ganglia were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine for detection of the tracer. A high density of tetramethylbenzidine reaction product was observed around the basilar artery and in the surrounding pial tissue, but the application sites were not completely selective since some tracer always had spread into the ventral brain stem. Retrogradely labelled cell bodies were identified in the superior cervical, stellate, first and second spinal, and trigeminal ganglia, i.e. these ganglia may represent origins of basilar artery innervation. In a second series of experiments, microinjections of WGA-HRP were placed into the indicated ganglia to obtain anterograde labelling of nerve fibres on whole-mounts of the cerebral vessels. Injections into trigeminal ganglia labelled nerve fibres on the ipsilateral half of the circle of Willis, as well as the contralateral anterior cerebral artery and the rostral part of the basilar artery. The first and second spinal ganglia projected to the vertebrobasilar arteries, while the ipsilateral part of the internal carotid (outside the circle of Willis) received fibres from the second spinal ganglion. Nerve fibres originating in trigeminal and spinal ganglia were organised in bundles, and between these a sparse plexus of thin single fibres appeared. Injection of WGA-HRP into superior cervical ganglion labelled a plexus of nerve fibres on the ipsilateral circle of Willis and the (rostral) basilar artery. These experiments demonstrated the origin and distribution of sympathetic and sensory innervation to major cerebral arteries in the rat. PMID- 3491964 TI - Effect of nicotine and amphetamine on the neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. AB - The present results show the potentiating effect of amphetamine on the ability of MPTP to destroy dopaminergic neurons in striatum of the mouse. A single injection of MPTP (8 mg/kg, retro-orbital) reduced the binding of [3H]mazindol, a marker for dopamine terminals, by 24%. When D-amphetamine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) was given 20 min prior to MPTP, the binding of [3H]mazindol, measured 3-5 days later, was reduced by 58%. It is proposed that the mechanism of this potentiation primarily involves an increased release of dopamine by D-amphetamine, and free radical mediated processes. Although nicotine also releases dopamine from the striatum, no effect was observed when it was administered prior to MPTP. The lack of effect is probably related to short duration of action of nicotine and the modest effect on release of dopamine as compared to that of amphetamine. PMID- 3491966 TI - [A parenteral pirenzepine-ranitidine combination in the treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3491967 TI - [Emergency endoscopic sclerosis in hemorrhage due to esophageal varices]. PMID- 3491968 TI - T-lymphocyte function in Alzheimer's disease. AB - T-lymphocyte function in Alzheimer's disease (AS) was evaluated by means of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and mitogen responsiveness using concanavalin A (Con A) and BCG vaccine as stimulators. DTH and the response to Con A was significantly lower in AD than in normal aging. The Con A response included one group in which the thymidine uptake was lower than the minimum normal response while another group was within the normal range. This subset could account for the inconsistency in previous reports of T-cell function in AD. PMID- 3491969 TI - Quantitative analysis of the oral complications of antileukemia chemotherapy. AB - Almost half of 1500 patients (46.9%) treated for acute leukemia developed chemotherapy-related oral infections, oral mucositis, and/or oral hemorrhages at some time during their hospitalization. The frequencies of 34.2% for infections, 16.3% for mucositis, and 13.6% for hemorrhages were each within 1.3% to 3.1% of those previously reported from this institution for smaller groups of patients. The stomatologic disruptions reflected the cytotoxic, myelosuppressive, and immunosuppressive properties of the antileukemia drugs. Because there are as yet no alternatives to the use of potent stomatotoxic drugs for the treatment of acute leukemia, it is essential that their side effects be kept to a minimum by early recognition and appropriate treatment. PMID- 3491970 TI - [Justification of sclerosing therapy of childhood esophageal varices]. PMID- 3491971 TI - Blood loss during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the rat. AB - Faecal blood loss was measured during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in the DA rat using 51Cr-labelled red blood cells (r.b.c.s). In an initial study, faecal blood loss was measured on day 7 of primary infection with 3000 larvae administered subcutaneously (s.c.), and found to be 0.03 ml/24 h in uninfected animals and 0.14 ml/24 h in infected animals. In a further experiment, blood loss was measured on the day before infection and for 13 days after primary s.c. infection with 5000 larvae. Faecal blood loss was 0.05 ml/24 h or less until day 3, began to rise from day 5, reached a peak of 0.51 ml/24 h on day 8, and fell until day 13. This was closely associated with the rise and fall of the pooled faecal egg count. Direct worm count confirmed a high worm burden on day 7 and expulsion by day 14. The effect of the worm burden on the haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured in a further experiment and showed a fall in Hb with a mean worm burden of 726 compared to that of 47 or 284 worms. The study concluded that there is minimal background blood loss in uninfected rats but that infection with N. brasiliensis is a cause of intestinal blood loss and this is associated with a fall in Hb concentration that is dependent on the worm burden. PMID- 3491972 TI - [Role of the thymus gland in the regulation of the processes of proliferation and differentiation of various types of precursor cells of myelopoiesis in stress]. PMID- 3491974 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in children with rheumatic fever and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3491973 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of voltaren, indomethacin and benzofurocaine in adjuvant disease in rats]. PMID- 3491975 TI - [Immunoscintigraphy. Development, current status and prospects]. PMID- 3491976 TI - Systems of life. No 144. Senior systems. 9. PMID- 3491977 TI - Association between preadmission oral antibiotic therapy and cerebrospinal fluid findings and sequelae caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. AB - The association between the administration of oral antibiotics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and sequelae was investigated in 281 children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis from two prospective studies. Ninety four (33%) children were pretreated; 59% of pretreated children received ampicillin or amoxicillin. Compared with untreated children, in pretreated children significant decreases were noted in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the CSF (P less than 0.03), CSF protein concentration (P less than 0.001) and percentage with a positive CSF Gram stain or culture (P less than 0.05). When adjusted for duration of illness prior to admission, only the CSF protein concentration remained different (P less than 0.01). Children who were pretreated were more likely (P less than 0.05) to have paresis at one or more follow-up visits and sensorineural hearing loss (P less than 0.05), but these differences were diminished when adjusted for duration of illness before admission. The duration of illness prior to admission was significantly (P less than 0.0001) longer for pretreated (median, 3.0 days) than for untreated children (median, 1.0 day). The incidence of deafness did not correlate with duration of illness before admission by multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.132), but deafness was significantly (P less than 0.02; relative risk, 5.9) more common when all children who were ill for more than 1 day prior to admission were compared to those children who were ill for 1 day or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3491978 TI - Similarity in white blood cell counts between white and black children with bacteremia. AB - The charts of 104 white and 52 black children with bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae type b were reviewed to determine each patient's white blood cell (WBC) and absolute polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) counts at the time of presentation to the emergency room. Mean WBC and PMN counts were virtually identical for the racial groups, 18,300 vs. 18,700/microliter and 12,900 vs. 13,000/microliter, respectively. Examination of subgroups of white and black children with or without meningitis or other focal infection also revealed no significant differences between races, although significantly lower mean WBC and PMN counts were found in children with, compared to those without, meningitis regardless of race. As an aid to the identification of children at high risk for S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae type b bacteremia, it appears that WBC and PMN counts may be interpreted without regard to race. PMID- 3491979 TI - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3491980 TI - Invasive haemophilus disease after b-CAPSA vaccine. PMID- 3491981 TI - Bacteriuria due to ureaplasmas and other fastidious organisms during pregnancy: prevalence and significance. AB - When urine, which has been collected by suprapubic bladder aspiration, is appropriately cultured, asymptomatic bacteriuria due to fastidious organisms can be detected quite commonly in apparently healthy pregnant women; Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis can each be isolated from the bladder urine of 10 to 15% of subjects, other bacteria less frequently. Both organisms are often present together, sometimes in addition to "conventional" urinary pathogens. Overall bacteriuria occurs in about 25% of healthy pregnant women, including 6% with "conventional" asymptomatic bacteriuria. Pyuria occurs in about one-third of patients with fastidious bacteriuria. Bacteriuria due to fastidious bacteria occurs significantly more commonly in selected groups of pregnant women. U. urealyticum or G. vaginalis or both can be isolated, generally in relatively high numbers from more than 70% of pregnant women with renal disease and 20 to 30% of those with preeclampsia. In a prospective study in which urine was collected using an open ended catheter, ureaplasmas were isolated 3 times more frequently from women less than 25 years of age than from older women. Women with Ureaplasma bacteriuria at the first antenatal visit were 3 times more likely to develop preeclampsia than those without, but the mean birth weights of the infants born to the two groups of women were not significantly different. Further studies are required to determine the importance of these preliminary findings. PMID- 3491983 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding due to large bowel infiltration by chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - A 66 year old woman with a 9 year history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developed intermittent rectal bleeding for 9 months; sigmoidoscopic biopsy proved that this was due to large bowel infiltration by leukaemia. This is a very rare occurrence. PMID- 3491982 TI - Prevention of quadriceps wasting after immobilization: an evaluation of the effect of electrical stimulation. AB - Eighteen male and 20 female patients who underwent reconstruction of their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with a flap from the patellar tendon were randomly assigned into either closed cast, isometric muscle training and electric stimulation (ES group), or closed cast and isometric training alone (control group). The degree of quadriceps wasting was determined from computerized tomographic scans (CT) before and 6 weeks after surgery. Electrical stimulation was given with a battery operated stimulator that produced a rectangular asymmetric balanced biphasic pulse shape. The pulse rate was 40 Hz and the pulse width 300 microseconds. Patients received 30 min of stimulation three times daily during 5.5 weeks. Female control patients showed a larger decrease in quadriceps area on CT than male control patients (P less than .001). No significant difference was found between male electrically stimulated patients and control patients. In female patients, there was on the contrary, a highly significant difference in favor of electrical stimulation (P less than .001) When the different parts of the quadriceps were studied, a significantly lower degree of atrophy of the vastus medialis was found after electrical stimulation. Vastus lateralis did not show any difference. Measurements of CT attenuation, pre- and post-operatively, showed a decrease in attenuation of 17% for the vastus medialis and lateralis of the operated leg after immobilization, indicating an increase in fat content. In the rectus femoris, however, there was an increase in attenuation of 14.6%. Percutaneous muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis obtained before, one week after, and 6 weeks after surgery revealed that the cross-sectional area of the individual muscle fibers decreased less in the electrically stimulated than in controls, but the difference was not significant. There were no differences between the two groups in the activity of an oxidative enzyme, citrate synthase, or a glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase (PFK). We conclude that females reacted more favorably than males to electrical stimulation of quadriceps during an immobilization period after knee surgery. PMID- 3491984 TI - T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the uterus complicated by Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia. AB - This is the first documented case of a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma arising in the uterus. At presentation, the patient also had a life-threatening pneumonia due to Chlamydia trachomatis which responded to erythromycin and tetracycline. Cytotoxic therapy produced partial tumour regression, but the patient died 14 weeks after diagnosis, probably as a result of intercurrent infection. PMID- 3491985 TI - Characterization of the mouse placental epidermal growth factor receptor: changes in receptor number with day of gestation. AB - The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is present in the mouse placenta in both a low- and a high-affinity form having approximate values for Ka of 10(7) M 1 and 10(9) M-1, respectively. No significant difference (P greater than or equal to 0.05) in the number of receptors existed between placental membrane preparations from days 10 and 17, both for the low- and the high-affinity receptor. The number of both high- and low-affinity receptors was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) for day 14 placental membranes than for either day 10 or day 17 placental membranes. Cross-linking of 125I-EGF to placental membranes resulted in the specific labelling of two major receptor forms with approximate molecular weights of 170,000 and 154,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3491986 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of murine 21-hydroxylase genes: mutations affecting gene expression. AB - Steroid 21-hydroxylase [21-OHase; steroid 21-monooxygenase; steroid, hydrogen donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.99.10] is a cytochrome P 450 enzyme required for the adrenal synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. The gene encoding this protein is present in two copies (21 OHase A and B) in the S region of the murine major histocompatibility complex. Previous studies utilizing gene-specific oligonucleotide probes and gene transfer showed that only the 21-OHase A gene is expressed in the BALB/c mouse. Here, we present the complete primary structures of both BALB/c 21-OHase encoding genes. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences defines a deletion of 215 nucleotides spanning the second exon of the 21-OHase B gene; other nucleotide changes in the 21-OHase B gene introduce frame shifts and premature termination codons. Southern blot analysis of C57BL/6 and DBA/2J mice indicates that a similar deletion is present in these strains; however the C3H/HeJ strain is a structural variant. A hybrid gene composed of the 21-OHase B promoter placed 5' of the 21-OHase A structural sequences was efficiently transcribed following transfection into Y1 adrenocortical tumor cells. These findings demonstrate that the 21-OHase B gene promoter is functional and suggest that mutations within the 21-OHase B structural gene are responsible for its lack of expression. PMID- 3491988 TI - HLA antigens expressed on murine cells are preferentially recognized by murine cytotoxic T cells in the context of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. AB - The frequency of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of responding to HLA antigens expressed on human or murine cells was determined by limiting dilution analysis. HLA antigens expressed on human cells stimulated CTL with a precursor frequency of about 1 in 2 X 10(5) spleen cells in primed mice, over two orders of magnitude weaker than a primary allogeneic response. There was a 10 fold increase in the frequency of precursors responding to HLA antigens when they were expressed on murine cells. It was determined that the increased frequency of responders was due to CTL that could only recognize HLA antigens on the syngeneic murine line to which they had been stimulated and that these CTL could not lyse any other HLA expressing murine cells of different H-2 haplotypes. The lytic activity of these CTL was inhibited by H-2b-specific antibodies. These results indicate that such CTL recognize HLA antigens in the context of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex. The magnitude and specificity of CTL responses to xenoantigens are discussed in the context of a model for T-cell interactions with major histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 3491987 TI - Suppression of in vivo polyclonal IgE responses by monoclonal antibody to the lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor 1. AB - The lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) has been shown to greatly enhance the differentiation of lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells into IgG1- and IgE-secreting cells in vitro. To determine whether in vivo IgG1 and IgE antibody responses are BSF-1 dependent, the ability of a monoclonal rat IgG1 anti BSF-1 antibody, 11B11, to affect polyclonal IgG1 and IgE production in mice infected with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or injected with a purified goat antibody to mouse IgD was studied. 11B11-containing ascites fluid or purified 11B11 strongly inhibited IgE production in both systems but did not affect IgG1 production, while control ascites or normal rat IgG1 had no IgE inhibitory activity. These results indicate an important physiologic role for BSF 1 in the generation of IgE antibody responses and suggest means for limiting the production of antibodies responsible for allergic reactions without inhibiting protective antibody responses. PMID- 3491989 TI - Cross-reactivity to human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus and molecular cloning of simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type III from African green monkeys. AB - Simian T-lymphotropic retroviruses with structural, antigenic, and cytopathic features similar to the etiologic agent of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), have been isolated from a variety of primate species including African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM). This report describes nucleic acid cross reactivity between STLV-IIIAGM and HTLV-III/LAV, molecular cloning of the STLV IIIAGM genome, and evaluation of its structure and genetic relationship to other retroviruses. Overlapping clones from a cell line infected with virus from a single animal were found to encompass the entire STLV-IIIAGM genome and exhibit a limited degree of restriction-site variability. Specific hybridizing fragments were detected in DNA from this and other STLV-IIIAGM-infected cell lines. A fraction of viral DNA present in at least two STLV-IIIAGM lines persists as unintegrated viral DNA, a characteristic of infection with cytopathic retroviruses. Strongest cross-reactivity was detected between HTLV-III/LAV pol- and gag- genes and STLV-IIIAGM, whereas no cross-reactivity was detected between STLV-IIIAGM and molecular clones of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II), visna virus, bovine leukemia virus, or feline leukemia virus. PMID- 3491991 TI - Human B-cell differentiation factor defined by an anti-peptide antibody and its possible role in autoantibody production. AB - The partial amino acid sequence of the NH2 terminus of a factor named human B cell differentiation factor or B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2) has been determined. Antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 1-13 of the NH2-terminal sequence specifically react with BSF-2 generated by a T-cell line and by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal T cells. Furthermore, the antipeptide antibodies react with a BSF-2-like factor produced by cardiac myxoma as well as uterine cervical carcinoma cells. The results show that BSF-2 functions in vivo as well and suggest that the constitutive production of BSF-2 may be involved in autoantibody production, since patients with cardiac myxoma and uterine carcinoma showed autoantibody production. PMID- 3491990 TI - T-cell antigen receptors with identical variable regions but different diversity and joining region gene segments have distinct specificities but cross-reactive idiotypes. AB - The T-cell antigen receptor alpha-chain genes of an alloreactive, H-2Db-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone (3F9) are described. This study and our work on the 3F9 beta-chain genes reveal that the variable region gene segments for the alpha and beta chains expressed in 3F9 are identical to the ones used by a chicken erythrocyte-specific, I-Ab-restricted helper T-cell clone (LB2). These two clones differ, however, in the diversity and joining portions of the alpha and beta chains of their T-cell receptor molecules. The analysis of 3F9 and LB2 with monoclonal antibodies specific for the 3F9 T-cell receptor shows that these two T cell clones share the same idiotype; however, 3F9 and LB2 do not exhibit any antigen and/or major histocompatibility complex cross-reactivity. This suggests that the diversity and joining regions of the T-cell receptor may play a key role in antigen and/or major histocompatibility complex recognition. PMID- 3491995 TI - 24,25(OH)2D3 enhances the calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in PTX rats. AB - The effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 on 1,25(OH)2D3-induced hypercalcemia was studied in parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats for 10 days. Serum (S) and urinary Ca excretion (UCaV) were measured in (a) control rats, (b) rats receiving a daily sc injection of 54 ng 1,25(OH)2D3, (c) rats receiving 24,25(OH)2D3 in the same dose and same manner, and (d) rats receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3. Our results show that (i) 24,25(OH)2D3 alone does not increase SCa2+ in PTX rats, (ii) combined administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3 enhances the hypercalcemic response to 1,25(OH)2D3 without a parallel increase in UCaV, (iii) combined administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3 reduces the rise in urinary excretion of Ca2+ compared with that of rats receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 alone for 10 days, and (iv) these alterations are independent of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 3491992 TI - Selective killing of T lymphocytes by phototoxic liposomes. AB - Two-fold specificity in drug delivery obtained through the localized activation of drugs by physical means and the attachment of drugs to proteins that bind to target cells might be used for highly selective cancer chemotherapy or for immunosuppression. Toward this end, a monoclonal antibody against an antigen on the surface of T lymphocytes was covalently attached to liposomes containing a phototoxic drug, pyrene, bound to the lipid bilayer. When unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes, or B- and T-cell lines, were irradiated after treatment with these liposomes, T cells were killed while B cells were spared, demonstrating the validity of the approach in a simple in vitro assay. PMID- 3491993 TI - Two different biosynthetic pathways for the secretion of Qa region-associated class I antigens by mouse lymphocytes. AB - Treatment of supernates of labeled C57BL/6 mouse lymphocytes with antibodies against beta 2-microglobulin reveals the presence of two different soluble class I molecules. One molecule (Mr, 37,000) is found in supernates of both 125I surface-labeled and [35S]methionine biosynthetically labeled cells and reacts with antibodies against Qa-2 antigens. The other molecule (Mr, 42,000) is found labeled only in supernates of [35S]methionine-labeled cells and reacts with antibodies against Qb-1. Analysis of mutant and recombinant mouse strains demonstrates that both soluble class I molecules are encoded in the Qa region. Pulse-chase experiments show that the Qa-2 molecules are released more slowly than Qb-1. It is proposed that Qb-1 molecules are secreted directly, whereas Qa-2 is first expressed on the cell surface and then processed to a soluble form. PMID- 3491996 TI - The tolerance that develops in recipients of cultured allografts is an active process that affects both the activation and effector function of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3491997 TI - [The proliferation of endothelial cells under the influence of derivatives of 4 aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA)]. PMID- 3491998 TI - [Extra-articular symptoms of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3491994 TI - Quantitative changes in ovarian 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase and aromatase activities during the estrous cycle of the hamster. AB - Aromatase activity of the microsomal fraction of ovarian homogenates, measured by a tritium exchange assay using androstenedione (A-dione) as substrate, did not change during the 4-day estrous cycle of the hamster. In contrast, 17 alpha hydroxylase, measured by a tritium exchange assay with progesterone as substrate, and particularly C17,20-lyase activity, evaluated by acetic acid production from progesterone, drastically decreased on the afternoon of proestrus (Day 4). The latter two activities remained low on Days 1 and 2 but increased dramatically on Day 3 and the morning of Day 4. The serum concentration of A-dione and 17 hydroxyprogesterone reached a peak at 1600 hr of proestrus and then decreased rapidly as the enzyme activities decreased. A-dione levels were undetectable on Day 1 but 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels remained elevated through Day 2. The results are consistent with the view that 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase are activities of a single cytochrome P-450, as has been shown for testis and adrenal. Increases in hydroxylase and lyase activities occur concomitantly with decreases in the serum concentrations of progesterone, suggesting that the latter steroid may play a role in controlling these enzymes. PMID- 3491999 TI - The pitfalls of serotonin precursors as challengers in hormonal probes of central serotonin activity. PMID- 3492001 TI - Electrophysiological evidence implicating frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. PMID- 3492000 TI - The relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia: an epidemiologic perspective. PMID- 3492002 TI - High mortality from coronary heart disease in south-west Scottish communities during three quinquennia. PMID- 3492004 TI - HBsAg carrier rate among the adult population in Benin City, Nigeria (ELISA method). PMID- 3492005 TI - Transient ischemic attacks, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy: results from the 1980 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. PMID- 3492003 TI - Prevalence of onchocerciasis (river-blindness) in selected villages of the Gorama Chiefdom, Sierra Leone. PMID- 3492006 TI - Suicide mortality among the elderly Finnish population 1960-1979. PMID- 3492007 TI - Falls and staffing in a residential home for elderly people. PMID- 3492008 TI - Elimination of microwave effects on the vitality of nerves after blockage of active transport. AB - We have previously reported that exposure to microwave fields (a specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg at 2.45-GHz continuous wave) would consistently lower the survival time of isolated frog sciatic nerves stimulated at high repetition rates (50 pulse pairs per second, ppps). The time course of the loss of excitability of the exposed nerve (as compared to its unexposed contralateral mate) is reminiscent of that seen when the active transport of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) is blocked by certain agents--such as the cardiac glycoside ouabain. To assess the role that these microwaves may have in interfering with or counteracting active transport, we performed a series of experiments in which the active Na-K pump was substantially blocked by ouabain prior to microwave exposure. The paired nerves were soaked for 5 min in a high concentration (10(-3) g/liter) of ouabain to achieve the fastest and most complete blockage of the Na-K pump prior to stimulation at 50 ppps. The "rundown time course" was, as expected, accelerated in all ouabain-treated nerves, but the microwave-exposed nerves showed no additional shortening of survival time. The experiments were repeated at a slower stimulation rate (5 ppps) so that the survival time of the nerves more closely approximated that of nerves not treated with ouabain (1 to 2 h versus 30 min or less for ouabain-treated nerves stimulated at 50 ppps). Results of these lower stimulation rates also showed that there was no significant difference in the survival time of ouabain-treated exposed and control nerves. These results lend support to the view that the relative loss of excitability in microwave-exposed nerves is related to an interference with or counteraction of the Na-K pump. PMID- 3492009 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Ga-67 citrate imaging. AB - All gallium-67 citrate scans obtained in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Md.) were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the results of bronchoscopy, chest radiography, and endoscopy. There were 164 scans of 95 patients. Twenty scans were from patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; 19 were abnormal, for a sensitivity of 95%. Ga-67 uptake tended to be less in patients receiving therapy for P. carinii pneumonia. Chest radiographs were normal at least initially in three patients with abnormal scans and P. carinii pneumonia. Unusually prominent colonic activity was associated with infection in some patients. No lesions of Kaposi sarcoma showed tracer uptake. Gallium scanning is useful for detecting P. carinii pneumonia and other opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS, but it is not useful for localizing Kaposi sarcoma. PMID- 3492011 TI - Brain changes in dementia of Alzheimer's type relevant to new imaging diagnostic methods. AB - The aim of the article is to correlate grey and white matter changes and their topography to the results of modern methods for brain imaging such as CT, rCBF, PET, SPECT and NMR in Alzheimer's type of dementia. The findings are based on the study of a large material investigated thoroughly patho-anatomically. The findings are correlated with psychiatric and neurophysiologic follow-up studies. The degenerative grey matter process shows a regionally varying accent according to a pattern which is consistent and typical for the disease. This corresponds to metabolic changes on rCBF, PET and SPECT and thereby becomes of diagnostic value. This pattern is largely symmetric. Metabolic asymmetries have however been reported on PET scans. In this context individual variations of the topographic degenerative brain pattern and normal anatomical brain asymmetries are of interest. The white matter however also frequently shows changes, in particular loss of myelin and axons and a mild gliosis, slight in 1/3 of the cases and severe in an additional 1/3. These changes cause a decrease of density in the centrum semiovale correlating to lipid depletion. They may also influence the ventricular shape and size, of interest in CT or NMR studies. Also here variations in ventricular shape, normal and such due to pathological processes unrelated to the Alzheimer disease, may cause confusion, regarding degree of atrophy and even type of brain process. Such factors should be considered in the interpretation of non-invasive brain studies. PMID- 3492010 TI - Cerebellopontine angle-petromastoid mass lesions: comparative study of diagnosis with MR imaging and CT. AB - Capabilities of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle-petromastoid (CPA-PM) lesions were compared in 75 patients. CT and MR demonstrated 95.8% and 98.7% of the lesions, respectively. MR was often more helpful for characterization of neuromas, epidermoid cysts, exophytic gliomas, and vascular lesions, while CT was usually more informative for meningiomas, metastases, and tympanomastoid cholesteatomas. A specific diagnosis could be made with MR for most types of lesions through use of relaxation parameters and characteristic morphologic changes. Size, shape, location, and contour of the lesions, however, were generally more helpful for differential diagnosis than relaxation times. With the exception of metastatic lesions, cholesteatomas, and some meningiomas, MR was usually more helpful than CT in defining the full extent of the lesions and their relationships to contiguous structures. MR, because of its high accuracy in lesion detection, characterization, and localization, is a suitable primary diagnostic modality for evaluating patients with suspected CPA-PM lesions. PMID- 3492012 TI - [Anticentromere and anti-Scl-70 antibodies as specific markers of systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 3492014 TI - [Evaluation of osteocalcin in the serum of hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 3492015 TI - [Meningitis in adults caused by Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 3492013 TI - N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine brain scans with single photon emission computed tomography: mental sweating and EEG abnormality. AB - We studied a patient with hyperhidrosis and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormality using N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). EEG abnormality was found predominantly in the frontal area, and sharp wave bursts were induced by hyperventilation. Ictal and nonictal scans were obtained with simultaneous EEG recordings. Ictal scans revealed increased uptake of IMP in the frontal cortex, reflecting hyperperfusion to the frontal area. The ratio of IMP uptake of the frontal to the parietal cortex (F/P ratio) was calculated both in the ictal and nonictal phase. In the ictal phase, the F/P ratio was 1.23, compared with 0.91 in the nonictal phase. The data indicated altered regional cerebral blood flow with EEG abnormality and hyperventilation load. Although the relationship between sweating and cortical function is not fully understood, our study indicates that excessive mental sweating is related to frontal cortical dysfunction. I-123 IMP SPECT seems valuable for topographical demonstration of epileptogenic lesions and understanding the pathophysiological process of mental sweating. PMID- 3492016 TI - [Chronic, nonspecific duodenitis: clinical syndrome and associated lesions (a study in 80 patients)]. PMID- 3492017 TI - [Chronic non-granulomatous ulcerative duodeno-jejuno-ileitis: presentation of a case]. PMID- 3492018 TI - Ontogeny of regulation of gill and lung ventilation in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Gill and lung ventilatory frequencies at 20-23 degrees C were recorded in five different larval stages and in the adults of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (n = 101, body mass 40 mg-90 g). Ventilatory frequencies in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals were determined (1) after normoxic acclimation, (2) during acute hypoxic and hyperoxic exposure, and (3) after brief but intense activity. Gill ventilation frequency (fG) under normoxic, resting conditions was 110-120 cycles X min-1 immediately after hatching, but fell to and remained at 40-50 cycles X min-1 for the remainder of larval development. Activity caused a sharp decrease in fG in newly hatched larvae, a sharp increase in larvae between stages IV-XIV, and no change in fG in all older larval states. Hypoxia increased fG in younger larvae up to developmental stage XIV, but had no effect upon fG in older larvae. Lung ventilation was rare in normoxic, resting larvae up to stage X. Thereafter until metamorphosis lung ventilation frequency (fL) was 2-6 breaths X h-1, with fL in adults being much higher at 1-3 breaths X min-1. Activity did not affect fL in any larval stage, but markedly increased fL in adults. Hypoxia had no significant effect on mean fL in larvae below stage XX. Mean values of fL increased during acute hypoxic exposure in most adults, but these changes were not significant. Collectively, these data indicate that progressive larval development is accompanied by a decline in reflex regulation of branchial ventilation frequency well before reabsorption of gills occurred. At the same time, respiratory responses are 'transferred' to the lung prior to metamorphosis and the attendant increasing dependence on air breathing. PMID- 3492019 TI - [Functional surgery of vertigo]. PMID- 3492020 TI - Events leading to the decision to introduce complementary feeding to the breast among a group of mothers in Istanbul. AB - A cross-sectional study carried out among 269 mother-infant pairs in Istanbul showed that the majority of infants began receiving regular complements or had been weaned before the age of three months. A prospective study carried out among 24 mothers beginning the last month of pregnancy and continuing until the time when regular complementation was instituted showed that the average duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 58 days. Infants began receiving complements on an irregular basis beginning the early postnatal days. Irregularly introduced complements often lead to gastro-intestinal reactions and weight loss. Mothers displayed sensitivity toward cues that suggested dissatisfaction in infants or other events that they conceived as threats to their milk yield in terms of quality and quantity. Mothers often discussed their decision to introduce complements with other people such as doctors and older female acquaintances who supported them toward complementation. Failure to gain sufficient weight with exclusive breastfeeding was seldom the cause of introducing complementary feeding. PMID- 3492021 TI - [The case from practice (67). Patient: Mr. S.H., born 1 February 1962, a farmer]. PMID- 3492022 TI - [General symptoms and changes in laboratory findings after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection]. PMID- 3492023 TI - [Organization of the nervous system after coagulation of the follicles of mystacial vibrissae in the newborn mouse: an example of neuronal plasticity]. AB - In the mouse the vibrissae and the common fur of the head are a good model of the so called neural plasticity. The characteristics of this model are: the pattern of implantation of the vibrissae at the periphery and that of the arrangement of barrels in the contralateral cortical projection area of vibrissae as well as that of the "barreloids" in the subcortical vibrissal relays (somato sensory thalamus and trigeminal nuclear complex) are homeomorphic with one another. Each barrel and "barreloid" receives projections from one vibrissa. Moreover at the level of the cortex these projections are also in register with projections from ipsilateral vibrissae. Head fur hairs project to well defined but entirely distinct areas. Destruction of vibrissae follicles at birth beside preventing barrel and barreloid formation in the CNS, leads to several morphological changes: degeneration of the primary sensory neurons innervating vibrissae in the trigeminal ganglion, thus degeneration of their central axons and the corresponding terminals in the trigeminal vibrissal relays changes in the distribution of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the IVth layer of the cortical vibrissal area and in the corresponding subcortical relays, from the normal discrete (barrel hollow) pattern--corresponding to the clustered vibrissal afferents--to a continuous band, keeping a normal level of activity, excepted in the trigeminal vibrissal relays and a remarkable preservation of cortical thickness but a notable atrophy in the trigeminal vibrissal projection areas. Beside upsetting the anatomy vibrissae follicle destruction causes marked functional changes an outstanding take-over of the deafferented cortical vibrissal area (still identifiable from projections of vibrissae ipsilateral to it) by the head fur hairs this take over exist also in the subcortical vibrissal relays a change in the thalamo-cortical connections. Modifications in the organization of connections are initiated by the loss of the primary sensory neurons innervating vibrissae, in the trigeminal ganglion and results only from early lesions. In mice lesioned when adults the loss of primary sensory neurons is less important and functional take over by the common fur is not observed. PMID- 3492024 TI - Controversies in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Session III: AIDS. Summary and discussion. PMID- 3492026 TI - Complement (C3) metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus in relation to the disease course. AB - Metabolic turnover studies of complement components (C3) provide a direct insight into the dynamics of the complement regulation (synthesis and catabolism). To obtain information about the role of the complement system in relation to the disease course in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prospective study was performed. The results of the C3 turnover studies were also correlated to the complement levels (C3) and to the presence of C3 conversion products (C3d) in circulation. In nearly all SLE patients (in 21 of the 26 metabolic turnover studies) a C3 hypercatabolism was found, with a quantitative difference depending on the disease phase. In the period preceding an exacerbation an impaired C3 synthesis was observed (in three of the four studies), in contrast to SLE patients in stable disease phase where in one case only a decrease C3 synthesis was calculated (1 out of 15 observations). A linear correlation was found between the serum C3-levels and the ratio of C3d/C3, suggesting that both serologic parameters are quantitatively indicative for C3 hypercatabolism. The study shows that in all SLE patients, irrespective of the disease stage, an increased C3 consumption is found, which supports the concept that a chronic inflammatory process is constantly present. PMID- 3492025 TI - Inhibition of C1q binding to antigen-antibody complexes by a factor in rheumatoid arthritis serum. AB - The sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contain a factor which decreases the binding of C1q to antigen-antibody complex (IC). Several lines of evidence suggest that this factor is distinct from the documented C1q inhibitor which is a chondroitin sulphate. It binds to IC rather than to C1q. It is resistant to digestion with chondroitinase ABC. The addition of chondroitin sulphate to serum does not inhibit the binding of IC to C1q. The observation that three purified IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors (RF) did not reduce C1q binding to IC indicates that the factor is not RF. The ability of RA sera to reduce IC binding to C1q was inversely correlated with their ability to prevent immune precipitation (PIP), and directly with levels of an inhibitor of PIP. These data suggest that the factor which binds to IC and reduces C1q binding may be responsible for the excessive immune precipitation which occurs in RA sera. PMID- 3492029 TI - Two ways to sharpen your charting skills. Keep your eye on the patient's problems. PMID- 3492028 TI - HLA-DR4 as a predictor of outcome three years after onset of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Data from 59 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis were analysed to determine the predictive value of the possession of HLA-DR4 for disease severity and functional outcome at 3 years after disease onset. The previously reported association of that antigen with seropositive disease was confirmed. Conversely, however, there was no evidence that functional outcome was worse in the HLA-DR4 positive group as measured by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. The mean articular index was lower in the HLA-DR4 group which also had a smaller proportion with limited wrist extension. In addition, both patient and physicians' global assessment of disease status were better in the HLA-DR4 group. It is concluded that HLA-DR4 is not a useful predictor of poor outcome at 3 years. PMID- 3492027 TI - Anti-C1q affinity isolated circulating immune complexes correlate with extra articular rheumatoid disease. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were isolated from sera of 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by a two-step method using 2% polyethylene glycol precipitation and anti-C1q affinity chromatography. By this method CIC were exclusive to 19 patients with vasculitis, nodules, or Sjogren's syndrome. Levels of CIC did not correlate with the severity of synovitis but reflected the extent of extra-articular disease. Furthermore, in four patients with persistent severe synovitis observed over a period of 4 to 16 months, the levels of CIC paralleled changes in extra-articular disease. Despite such additional evidence, whether the relationship between CIC and tissue injury is causative or consequential remains unresolved. PMID- 3492031 TI - Posteruptive tooth age and severity of dental fluorosis in Kenya. AB - The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the degree of severity of enamel changes in a population exhibiting rather severe dental fluorosis may be related to posteruptive tooth age and to describe the clinical manifestations of the enamel destructions. All permanent teeth in 102 children aged 10-15 yr who were born and reared in a 2 ppm fluoride area of Kenya were examined for dental fluorosis using the TF-Index. Clinically, at time of eruption all teeth appeared chalky white, but already prior to coming into occlusion discrete pits had formed. A variety of more extensive damages to the surface enamel was found in teeth already in occlusion. In particular, the maxillary incisors exhibited extensive artificial attrition for cosmetic reasons, which make these teeth unreliable for accurate scoring of severity in the present population. An analysis of the proportion of teeth exhibiting TFI-scores 4+, 5+ and 6+ showed that children aged 13-15 yr had a significantly greater proportion of teeth with TFI-scores greater than or equal to 6 compared to children aged 10-12 yr (Wilcoxon, P less than 0.0001). This finding is unlikely to be a result of different fluoride exposures in the two age groups and indicates that even several years after eruption there is a trend towards an increasing severity of enamel surface destructions in children exhibiting pronounced degrees of subsurface enamel hypomineralization at time of eruption. PMID- 3492032 TI - Cross-sectional study of patients treated with removable partial dentures with special reference to the caries situation. AB - Thirty-four patients provided with removable partial dentures (RPDs) were reexamined after 3 yr. Caries that had developed during the period were analyzed with regard to the following potential caries risk factors: Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, flow rate and buffer pH of paraffin stimulated saliva, oral hygiene and daily sucrose intake. Of 436 initially intact surfaces 31 (7.1%) had decayed and/or were restored during the 3-yr period. Caries recurred in 26 (6.2%) out of 422 initially restored surfaces during the same period. The development of new or recurrent caries had no correlation to whether or not the surfaces affected were in contact with the RPDs. No single caries risk factor seemed to be sufficiently closely correlated to the number of caries lesions developed to be used alone in the selection of patients at risk. When the sum of assumed negative factors was used a correlation was found for the group as a whole between the number of negative factors and the development of caries. However predicting the development of caries in any individual case seems to be more complicated. PMID- 3492030 TI - Treatment of tinnitus by external electrical stimulation. AB - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was used in 5 consecutive patients suffering from troublesome tinnitus. The study included three parts. Part one constituted an open trial using the stimulation equipment. During this part, 2 patients reported a reduced subjective tinnitus loudness. These 2 patients proceeded to part two where the effect from the stimulation equipment was compared with the effect from a placebo apparatus in an experimental double-blind trial. One of these 2 patients reported similar effects from active stimulation and placebo, while the other patient reported a constant positive effect from the active stimulation and no effect at all from placebo. The latter patient continued to part three where the effect of the equipment was studied over a 3 month period. Throughout the study, continuous self-recordings of the complaints was used. The results show that the electrical stimulation had a genuine tinnitus reducing effect in one patient, remaining over a 3-month period, a positive placebo effect in one patient, but no effect in 3 patients. To determine the applicability of this method in the clinical population, carefully designed outcome studies, with appropriate control conditions, are required. PMID- 3492033 TI - Characterization of mononuclear cells in cyclosporin A induced gingival enlargement. AB - Gingival biopsies from five patients with cyclosporin A (CsA) induced enlargement of the gingiva contained prominent mononuclear infiltrates beneath the epithelial basement membrane. These infiltrates and surrounding tissues were studied using monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocytes and their subgroups (OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 8, Leu 3 and Leu 4), monocytes (OKM 1) and the framework structure of HLA-DR antigens (OKI al). As revealed by the reactivity of these antibodies the vast majority of the mononuclear cells in two individuals consisted of monocytes and in the others of T-lymphocytes. Virtually no B-lymphocytes were observed. The ratio between T-cells bearing T 4 and T 8 antigens, in separate biopsies, varied between 6 and 0.3. Control biopsies were obtained from the gingiva of seven healthy individuals without gingivitis. These biopsies contained relatively few mononuclear cells all of which had T-lymphocyte phenotype. PMID- 3492034 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observation of the crista ampullaris. AB - The crista ampullaris of the guinea pig and the bull frog were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The crista ampullaris were freeze fractured or sheared followed by maceration with 0.1% OsO4 solution. Following this, three dimensional intracellular structures were observed. The mitochondria of the sensory cells varied in shape from globular to long and slender. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum of the sensory cells were also demonstrated clearly. Nerve elements, nerve endings and synaptic structures were also observed stereoscopically. PMID- 3492035 TI - The role of the Fc receptor in T-cell activation. PMID- 3492036 TI - Pharmaco-epidemiological considerations in patients with arthritis and vascular disease of the kidney. AB - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may produce acute renal failure, papillary necrosis and interstitial nephritis. These adverse drug reactions are rare but have been reported in patients with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, renal parenchymal disease, lupus nephritis and hypertension. All these conditions may be associated with hypovolaemia and an activated renin-angiotensin system, when renal blood flow and glomerular filtration depend on local renal prostaglandin biosynthesis. A severe impairment of renal function may occur when this synthesis is inhibited by NSAID treatment. It is possible that 1 in 100 of elderly patients have renal parenchymal disease, 1 in 100 arteriolar nephrosclerosis, 1 in 200 unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis and an unknown number suffer from atheroembolic renal disease. Fortunately, only a small proportion of 'at risk' patients given NSAIDs appear to develop renal failure. Perhaps bilateral renal disease or salt depletion are necessary factors? Whatever the explanation, NSAIDs should be used with caution in the elderly. PMID- 3492038 TI - HLA-D antigens in rheumatoid arthritis and toxicity to gold and penicillamine. AB - The frequencies of HLA-D antigens were investigated in 77 Finnish patients who met the ARA criteria of classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis. The control material consisted of healthy blood donors. HLA-Dw4 was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased and HLA-Dw2 significantly (p less than 0.01) decreased in the patients. All HLA-Dw4-positive patients belonged to the seropositive group and in comparison with controls HLA-Dw4 antigen was increased highly significantly (p less than 0.001) in the seropositive patients. With respect to HLA-Dw4 antigen, the seropositive and the seronegative group differed significantly (p less than 0.05). All patients had received penicillamine treatment and 75 of them gold treatment before penicillamine. No significant associations were noted between any HLA-D antigen and gold or penicillamine toxicity. The previous gold toxicity seemed to be a significant factor with respect to the subsequent penicillamine toxicity. PMID- 3492037 TI - Changes in anti-DNA antibody affinity during exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The level and average functional affinity of anti-DNA antibody were measured retrospectively in successive serum samples from 5 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In 2 patients, severe flares of disease activity were associated with an increase in the level and average functional affinity of anti-DNA antibodies. Three patients who did not experience significant flares in disease activity exhibited more constant levels of antibody of lower average functional affinity. The appearance of antibody of high functional affinity during disease exacerbations suggests that such antibodies may be pathogenic. PMID- 3492039 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis with pleural effusion includes a subgroup with autoimmune features and HLA-B8, Dw3 association. AB - Twenty-eight patients with rheumatoid pleural effusion were investigated to examine the frequency of HLA antigens as compared with 56 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients without this intrathoracic manifestation of RA and with 283 healthy controls. HLA-B8 was strongly associated with the presence of pleural effusion (PE) in RA patients. A high prevalence (71%) of B8/Dw3 was found among male RA patients of the PE group in whom the joint disease had begun at an age over 50 years and who also had besides pleuritis other intrathoracic manifestations of RA associated with high rheumatoid factor titres and low complement (C4) levels in sera. Actually, the HLA-B8 association was not seen in the rest of the PE group. The finding may be related to the heterogeneity of RA, a male subgroup of the disease being characterized by multiple intrathoracic manifestations and genetically associated with the large group of autoimmune disorders, such as SLE, characterized by high prevalences of HLA-B8 and D(R)3. PMID- 3492040 TI - Activity of marker enzyme of T-lymphocytes in arthritis urica patients. PMID- 3492041 TI - [Effect of T-cell depletion of the graft on graft survival and graft vs host disease]. AB - A limiting dilution culture method has been developed which allows the detection of small numbers of residual marrow T cells following their depletion with the monoclonal antibody Campath-I and autologous complement. In seven consecutive patients the degree of T cell depletion obtained was 1.82 (1.27-2.82) log. The number of nucleated cells per kg decreased by 50% and the number of CFU-GM per kg decreased by 60%. In all except one case marrow cellularity was found to be satisfactory 3 weeks after the transplant. Peripheral engraftment of granulocytes (greater than 500/mm3 on day 20, greater than 1000/mm3 on day 27), lymphocytes (greater than 500 on day 39, greater than 1000 on day 66), platelets (greater than 20,000 and self-sustained after day 24) and red blood cells (day to last infusion = 19) indicated a delay in recovery of lymphocytes and possibly granulocytes, but not platelets or red blood cells, compared to the engraftment seen in non-T depleted patients. No correlation between nucleated cells infused, GFU-GM and engraftment was found. However, the extent of T cell depletion apparently affects lymphocyte, and possibly granulocyte, recovery. The delay in lymphoid engraftment is also reflected by nonresponsiveness to alloantigens during the first 6-9 months following marrow grafting in the absence of graft vs. host disease. PMID- 3492042 TI - Cancer M.D.'s clash over interleukin therapy. PMID- 3492043 TI - Construction of a novel oncogene based on synthetic sequences encoding epidermal growth factor. AB - The autocrine model postulates that constitutive release of a mitogenic growth factor can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and cell transformation. A synthetic polynucleotide encoding epidermal growth factor conferred a tumorigenic phenotype on cells. These cells were transformed through the action of an autocrine circuit having an extracellular component. PMID- 3492044 TI - Epithelial wound healing enhanced by transforming growth factor-alpha and vaccinia growth factor. AB - Epidermal regeneration following middermal injuries to skin requires both proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes in culture, and topical administration of EGF accelerates epidermal regeneration of partial thickness burns or split-thickness incisions in vivo. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) and vaccinia growth factor (VGF) have substantial sequence homology with EGF, and all appear to bind to the same receptor protein. Whether TGF-alpha or VGF can affect epidermal wound healing in vivo is not known. The present studies show that topical administration of TGF-alpha or VGF in antibiotic cream to partial thickness burns (second degree) accelerated epidermal regeneration in comparison with untreated or vehicle-treated burns. Low levels of both TGF-alpha and VGF (0.1 microgram per milliliter) appeared to be more effective than EGF in stimulating epidermal regeneration. Regenerated epithelium from burns treated with TGF-alpha or VGF appeared normal histologically. This finding suggests that topical application of selected growth factors may be useful in accelerating healing of partial thickness injuries. PMID- 3492045 TI - New horizons in pulmonary scintigraphy. PMID- 3492046 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism. AB - The use of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as the procedure for screening, assessing the size and number of embolized areas, and evaluating the follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is reviewed. Details of the technique for acquiring and processing perfusion and ventilation lung SPECTs are presented. The tomographic images produced by SPECT allow the application of a less-expensive diagnostic algorithm than that classically used. This is due to the fact that the SPECT images contain more anatomical and physiological information than similar planar images. The signs of PTE in perfusion SPECT and the significance of mismatch, match, and paradoxical mismatch are discussed and illustrated with examples. PMID- 3492048 TI - [The role of 5-HT in the electroneedling suppression of penicillin-induced epileptiform discharges]. PMID- 3492047 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: a model for studying the B cell family of diseases. AB - Nineteen patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2a/Roche (Roferon) given by daily intramuscular injection of 3 X 10(6) for 6 months followed by three injections per week. Pretreatment and follow up marker studies were performed on 14 of 16 evaluable patients. Peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to B cell associated surface antigens (B1, B2, B4, BL1, BL3, and BL7) and two hairy cell (HC) antibodies, anti-HCL1 and HCL3. B cell monoclonality was determined by clonal excess calculation of immunoglobulin light chains. Right angle scatter analysis showed that HCs are scattered between lymphocytes and monocytes. Nine of the 14 patients achieved a partial remission, three patients achieved a minimal response, and two patients failed therapy. Phenotypically, ten patients had kappa clonal excess and four had lambda clonal excess. These cases expressed a mature B cell phenotype, ie, BL1-, BL7+, BL3+, B1+, B2-, B4+, HCL1+, HCL3+. All 12 responders became nonreactive with monoclonal antibodies 4 to 8 weeks after therapy; in five of these cases, reactivity with monoclonal antibodies was again detected at the time of maximum clinical response (2 to 8 months), without affecting clinical response status. In four of 12 responders, clonal excess disappeared 4 to 8 weeks after therapy; in three more patients, clonal excess disappeared at the time of maximum clinical response (2 to 4 months); in three patients, clonal excess disappeared from the peripheral blood, but not from the bone marrow at the time of maximum clinical response (3 to 5 months); two patients had persistent clonal excess. In the two failures, there was persistence of clonal excess and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. This study shows that phenotypic analysis is a sensitive and objective method of assessing response of HCL to alpha interferon. This system could be used as a model for the study of other B cell neoplasms. PMID- 3492049 TI - [Role of norepinephrine in rabbit's preoptic area in acupuncture analgesia]. PMID- 3492051 TI - Mortality review in the University Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital: January-December, 1981. PMID- 3492052 TI - [Opportunistic infections occurring with AIDS]. PMID- 3492050 TI - First admissions to a psychiatric hospital in Singapore--a prospective study. PMID- 3492053 TI - [Structure of the LAV virus. Identification and demonstration of the virus]. PMID- 3492054 TI - Diffuse bacterial bronchiolitis with bronchiolar pneumonia in adults. AB - Three patients had diffuse reticulonodular shadowing on chest roentgenogram, dyspnea, cough, purulent sputum, airways obstruction, variable fever, and leukocytosis. Lung tissue from two showed inflammatory exudate in bronchioles and peribronchiolar alveoli; all had multiple isolates of either Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae from sputum or lung tissue. When examined in the context of similar syndromes reported by others under different labels in the past, these observations suggest that this is a specific clinical entity, which is both uncommon and serious. Despite initial misdiagnosis in all three cases, the two patients in whom the true nature of the disease was promptly recognized had complete recovery after the institution of appropriate antibacterial therapy. The most accurate and appropriate term for this entity is diffuse bacterial bronchiolitis with bronchiolar pneumonia. PMID- 3492055 TI - Control of postoperative hypertension in the patient with a hyperdynamic left ventricle. A case report. PMID- 3492056 TI - Spontaneous expulsion of lipoma per rectum occurring with colonic intussusception. AB - The spontaneous expulsion of lipoma per rectum is an extremely rare phenomenon. The present case report describes this event in a patient with lower abdominal pain and bleeding per rectum leading to exploratory laparotomy. At surgery, a large intussuscepting ulcerated submucosal lipoma remnant was identified in the transverse colon. This unusual presentation of colonic lipoma is discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 3492057 TI - The place of Sugiura operation for portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Fifty patients with portal hypertension and bleeding varices aged 10 months to 72 years were treated with a modified Sugiura, nonshunt operation (n = 26) or shunting procedures (n = 24) in accordance with the following predetermined therapeutic protocol: after resuscitation and diagnostic endoscopy, an emergency mesocaval shunt procedure was carried out if bleeding could not be stopped (group 1, n = 10). When bleeding could be stopped, the patients underwent full investigation and were then treated with either the distal splenorenal (DSR) shunt if the criteria of Warren were satisfied (group 2, n = 14) or with a modified Sugiura procedure in all other circumstances (group 3, n = 26). Patients were evaluated at 1.5 to 6 years. The rates for operative deaths, recurrent hemorrhage, encephalopathy, late deaths, and actuarial patient survival at 6 years were as follows: 20%, 30%, 30%, 20%, and 60% for group 1; 14.3%, 14.3%, 14.3%, 7.2%, and 79% for group 2; and 7.7%, 3.4%, 0%, 0%, and 93% for group 3, respectively. Within 3 months after the Sugiura operation, varices disappeared in 95% of patients and hypersplenism was relieved in all. Major complications were gastric and esophageal leaks in two patients (fatal in one) and temporary dysphagia in six. We conclude that the modified Sugiura nonshunt operation is probably the preferable treatment for variceal hemorrhage in the nonalcoholic patient because it is effective in arresting hemorrhage, has low operative mortality, low recurrence rate, no encephalopathy, and excellent survival rates. PMID- 3492058 TI - Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jonkoping, Sweden, in 1973 and 1983. II. A review of clinical and radiographic findings. AB - The aim of this study was to present data from clinical and radiographic examinations on oral health in two cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973 and 1983. A random sample of approximately 1000 individuals, evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years was studied for each of these two years. In the 1983-year examination 80 individuals, 80 years of age, were also included. All subjects were inhabitants of the community of Jonkoping, Sweden. The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, number of teeth, caries, restorations and overhangs, gingival and periodontal status, oral hygiene and calculus, endodontic treatment and periapical status. A reduction in number of edentulous individuals by 25% was recorded between the two examinations. This was matched by an increase in the mean number of teeth, mainly of molars. The largest difference in mean number of teeth between the 1973 and 1983 examinations was found for the 70-year olds. These were 8.5 and 11.8 teeth respectively. The younger age groups showed an increase in the proportion of individuals free from caries and restorations. In 1973 the caries-free proportions were 35% for 3-year-olds and 9% for 5-year olds. In 1983 these values had improved to 70% and 29% respectively. Corresponding to this trend the number of decayed tooth surfaces was lower in 1983. Fewer filled tooth surfaces were present 1983 compared with 1973 for the age groups 10, 15, 20 and 30 years but higher for the age groups 5, 50 and 60 years and unchanged for the remaining groups. For the younger age groups the overall reduction in DFS was about 50% but this increased to 90% for buccal and lingual surfaces. Both secondary caries and overhanging restorations had decreased in the 1983 group for all ages. At least 75-86% of restorations were without overhangs in 1983 compared to 47-65% in 1973. Gingival health had improved over the 10-year period. Sites with plaque and calculus and gingival units exhibiting gingivitis had all decreased in frequency by 1983. Buccal surfaces showed the greatest improvement. The frequency of individuals with one or more periodontal pockets (greater than or equal to 4 mm) increased with age but was of the same distribution in 1983 as in 1973.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3492059 TI - [Immune response and the dynamics of the cytolysis syndrome in viral hepatitis A and B]. AB - Forty-nine patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B were examined for the relationship of the blood content of individual lymphocyte subpopulations at the height of the disease to subsequent duration of the cytolytic syndrome (high activity of ALT). The duration of the cytolytic syndrome associated with viral hepatitis A was reversely related to the content of B lymphocytes and when associated with viral hepatitis B to the content of T cells--immunoregulator precursors (autorosette-forming cells). In both patterns of viral hepatitis, the duration of the cytolytic syndrome did not depend on the rate of lymphocyte sensitization to the inducer antigens (HAVAg, kHBsAg). Unlike viral hepatitis A, the duration of the cytolytic syndrome in viral hepatitis B was directly related to the rate of lymphocyte sensitization to hepatic lipoprotein. PMID- 3492060 TI - [Status of cellular immunity in diabetic microangiopathy detected by skin biopsy]. AB - As compared with normal persons, in 46 patients with diabetes mellitus there was a significant decrease in spontaneous leukocyte migration, a reduction in the absolute count of T-, B- and O-lymphocytes, and a rise in the relative count of D lymphocytes. The disorders of cell-mediated immunity are formed during the first five years of illness. They do not depend on the diabetes severity, distinctly growing on with the appearance and increase of the degree of diabetic microangiopathy diagnosed on morphological analysis of skin biopsy specimens. PMID- 3492062 TI - A paradoxical effect of antibody concentration on vWF-dependent platelet agglutination distinguishes between botrocetin and ristocetin-induced agglutination. AB - Several heterologous antisera directed against either human or porcine von Willebrand factor (vWF), inhibited botrocetin-induced vWF-dependent agglutination at high concentrations but were found to enhance this reaction at low concentrations. Purified IgG from these immune sera also potentiated botrocetin induced agglutination as did its F(ab)'2 fragments. However, monovalent Fab fragments of the purified IgG did not. The requirement for a divalent antigen combining region suggests that one possible mechanism of enhanced agglutination may involve intra or inter-molecular cross-linking of vWF multimers by the antibody. Another possible mechanism could be a conformational change in the vWF molecule induced by antibody binding. Such a conformational change may provide additional active sites on the vWF molecule that, in the presence of botrocetin, lead to enhancement of the agglutination reaction. Antisera to human vWF that showed this paradoxical inhibitory/enhancing effect on botrocetin-induced agglutination also inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination at high concentrations, but failed to enhance agglutination at any concentration. The different effects of these antisera on botrocetin and ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination suggest that no single mechanism can explain the action of both of these mediators. PMID- 3492061 TI - Factor XIa-alpha 1 antitrypsin complex--elevation in the patients with DIC. AB - We developed an assay for the factor XIa-alpha 1 antitrypsin complex (F.XIa-alpha 1AT complex) in plasma. The purified factor XI (F.XI) activated with beta-XIIa and treated with alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) served as the standard complex. The assay is an enzyme-linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay. The complex level of tested plasma was measured with peroxidase-labeled anti-alpha 1AT Fab' after the addition of 10-fold diluted test plasma (200 microliter) to the anti-F.XI monoclonal antibody beads. To eliminate the effects of plasma, the standard F.XIa-alpha 1AT complex was diluted with F.XI-deficient plasma (10-fold diluted) which did not contain the complex. Purified F.XI (0.08 micrograms/assay, i.e. 100%) was added to the standard F.XIa-alpha 1AT complex, because the absorbance of the standard complex containing F.XI (0.016-0.12 micrograms/assay, i.e. 20-150%) was a little lower than that of the complex alone. The recovery of the F.XIa-alpha 1AT complex added was over 90%. Neither F.XI nor alpha 1AT alone had the color development. The complex level of 25 normal individuals was below the detectable limit (less than 0.18 ng/assay), whereas the 30 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had a high level complex (0.18-4.2 ng/assay). This assay may be helpful for the diagnosis of DIC. PMID- 3492063 TI - Mechanisms of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD)-induced humoral immune suppression: evidence of primary defect in T-cell regulation. AB - The antibody response of C57B1/6 mice to sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs), a macrophage and T-cell-dependent antigen, is highly sensitive to suppression by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD), a major immunotoxic contaminant of pentachlorophenol. The present studies have used several in vivo approaches to characterize the humoral immune suppression produced by an acute oral exposure to HpCDD and to assess the potential cellular defects responsible for the suppression. Administration of HpCDD at various times prior to or following antigen challenge indicated that HpCDD induced rapid yet prolonged suppression of the antibody response. Timing studies also suggested that initial processing of antigen by the macrophage and antibody production by the mature plasma cell were resistant to HpCDD. The demonstration that antibody responses could not be improved by either increasing or decreasing the antigen dose indicated that the effects of HpCDD were not related to the level of antigenic stimulation per se. In addition, there was no evidence for a shift in the kinetics of the antibody response of HpCDD-treated mice at any antigen dose that might have reflected a delay in the development of the response. The dose-response effects of HpCDD on antibody responses to T-helper-cell-dependent (SRBC) and T-helper-cell independent type 1 (TNP-LPS) and type 2 (DNP-Ficoll) antigens indicated that sensitivity to HpCDD-induced suppression directly correlated with the sensitivity of the response to T-cell regulation. Nonspecific activation of T-amplifier cells with concanavalin A was capable of reconstituting the depressed antibody response of mice treated with 100 micrograms/kg HpCDD but not of mice treated with 500 micrograms/kg HpCDD, further suggesting that regulatory T cells are most sensitive to HpCDD. Definitive evidence for the role of regulatory T cells in mediating HpCDD-induced suppression of the antibody response was obtained in studies using congenitally T-cell-deficient nude (nu/nu) mice. The antibody response to DNP-Ficoll was was assayed since the anti-DNP response proceeds in the absence of T-helper cells in nu/nu mice yet the response can be modulated by changes in the activity of T-amplifier and T-suppressor cells present in nu/+ mice. Results of these studies showed that nu/nu mice were significantly more resistant to the immunosuppressive effects of HpCDD as compared with their nu/+ littermates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3492065 TI - [Characteristics of the morphological picture of the submandibular lymph nodes in children with the 1st and 2d branchial arch syndrome]. PMID- 3492064 TI - Suppression of in vitro antibody production by dimethylnitrosamine in mixed cultures of mouse primary hepatocytes and mouse splenocytes. AB - The suppression of in vitro antibody responses by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was produced in a mouse hepatocyte and splenocyte co-culture system. Mouse hepatocytes were isolated from female B6C3F1 mice and cultured for 20-24 hr to allow the formation of a monolayer on collagen-coated plastic petri dishes. Spleen cells were isolated from the same hybrid and were co-cultured with the hepatocytes along with DMN. Cyclophosphamide (CP), an immunosuppressive agent requiring metabolic activation that was included as an initial positive control, produced a marked suppression of the in vitro antibody responses to LPS, DNP Ficoll, and SRBCs in 4 hr in the co-culture system. Under comparable conditions DMN markedly suppressed the response to SRBCs, marginally suppressed the response to DNP-Ficoll, and did not suppress the polyclonal response to LPS. The suppression by DMN was related to the rocking speed during the 4-hr co-culture period and was optimally produced when the cultures were not rocked. Addition of serum into the medium (10% fetal calf serum) during the co-culture period did not change the effects of DMN on the antibody response. However, the addition of extracellular DNA (1 mg calf thymus DNA/ml) prevented the suppression of the antibody response by DMN. These results suggest that DNA represents the primary macromolecular target for the reactive intermediate of DMN, and indicate that a syngeneic co-culture system can be used to characterize the in vitro immunosuppression PMID- 3492066 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the neonate: in vitro proliferation, IL-1 and IL-2 production by a subset of HNK-1-, OKT3-, OKT8+ lymphocytes displaying NK activity. AB - Neonatal lymphocytes include a subset of E-, OKT3-, OKT4-, OKT8+, HNK-1-, OKM1- cells displaying natural killer (NK) activity. More than 50% of these cells react with the B73.1 monoclonal antibody, moreover most of them bear the DR antigen, the receptor for Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and react with the OKT10 monoclonal antibody. This neonatal subset displays a higher NK activity than unseparated cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) and the present study shows that it is sensitive to boosting effect of IFN-B preincubation. When stimulated with T cell mitogens E-, OKT3-, OKT8+ CBL both produce Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and proliferate. Moreover this neonatal subset produces Interleukin-1 (IL-1) both spontaneously and in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It has been previously suggested that these neonatal cells include a common precursor of NK and T cells. The present study further strengthen this hypothesis. PMID- 3492067 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) suppresses IL-2 induced murine thymocyte proliferation. AB - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) inhibits mitogen stimulated T cell proliferation by blocking the production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2). The present study was initiated to determine whether the action of calcitriol was limited only to inhibition of IL-2 production, or if it influenced other events as well. To avoid the use of lectins, thymocytes from CD-I Swiss mice were chosen, which proliferate in response to Interleukin-I (IL-I) or IL-2 without the addition of lectins. Calcitriol inhibited (80-90%) IL-I induced CD-I mouse thymocyte proliferation, whereas 25-OH-D3 was ineffective. Further addition of IL-I failed to overcome this suppression. Surprisingly, calcitriol also inhibited IL-2 induced thymocyte proliferation (60-80%). Further addition of IL-2, in the presence of calcitriol, was ineffective in enhancing thymocyte proliferation. Similar results were obtained with C57BL/10 mouse thymocytes. Additional studies excluded the possibilities that calcitriol mediated inhibition was due to calcitriol IL-2 binding or damage to thymocytes by calcitriol. Thus, calcitriol not only blocks IL-2 production, but these results strongly suggest, that it also interferes with IL-2-thymocyte interaction, which in turn results in inhibition of thymocyte proliferation. PMID- 3492068 TI - Exfoliation syndrome. AB - The exfoliation syndrome has now been recognised all over the world and even in such ethnic groups as the Skolt Lapps, Navajo Indians, Australian aborigines and all major tribes of the South African Bantu. The prevalence appears rather all major tribes of the South African Bantu. The prevalence appears rather similar in those countries where population-based surveys have been conducted. The exfoliation syndrome is age-dependent. In Caucasians the prevalence is low before the age of 60 years, increasing steadily to about 8 per cent in the group aged 80 to 90 years. However, the Bantus show a 6.4 per cent prevalence in the age group 30 to 39 years. In population-corrected surveys the females show a higher prevalence of the syndrome than do the males. Familial occurrence of exfoliation and population genetics have suggested an autosomal dominant mode of heredity. Suggestions of differences in prevalence of the exfoliation syndrome in different countries and even in different areas of the same country call for further population-based even in different areas of the same country call for further population-based surveys. Recognition of exfoliation is clinically of paramount importance as 20 percent of exfoliation patients show abnormalities of intraocular pressure. Poor pupillary dilatation, fragile zonular fibres and 2 per cent lens displacement may induce difficulties in extracapsular cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation. Ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses with large diameter of the haptics is recommended. PMID- 3492069 TI - Uveitis: lymphocyte subpopulation studies. AB - Recent advances in cellular immunology have enabled us to delineate numerous lymphocyte subsets and activation stages using monoclonal antibody techniques. lymphocyte subsets and activation stages using monoclonal antibody techniques. We have used a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and newer monoclonal antibodies to study lymphocyte subpopulations and activation stages of T lymphocytes in intraocular fluids and peripheral blood of uveitis patients. T lymphocytes predominated in aqueous and vitreous. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the T lymphocyte subsets in aqueous and peripheral blood. No correlation was seen between the intravitreal lymphocyte subsets and peripheral blood. Many intraocular lymphocytes are present in the aqueous secondary to a blood ocular barrier breakdown. Using an anti-interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor monoclonal antibody as a marker for T-cell activation, activated lymphocytes were found in intraocular and peripheral blood of both idiopathic and non-idiopathic uveitis. A statistically significant correlation was found between in vivo lymphocyte activation and clinical uveitis activity. In uveitis, lymphocyte activation in the eye paralleled levels found in the blood. Systemic and intraocular lymphocyte activation occurs in both idiopathic uveitis as well as in systemic syndromes associated with intraocular inflammation. It is possible that idiopathic uveitis is a systemic disease. PMID- 3492070 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of gallstones in young people]. AB - The article describes results of using dynamic hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 43 young patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. High informative value of the method for diagnosis of morpho-functional changes in the organs of the hepatobiliary system is shown, hyperbilirubinemia included. More than in half of the patients alterations of the absorptive-excretory functions of the liver and motor function of the gallbladder were revealed. Their direct relationship with the duration of the disease and degree of the inflammatory process in the biliary tract is established. PMID- 3492072 TI - The association of extrinsic bovine IgG1, IgG2, SIgA and IgM with the major fractions and cells of milk. AB - The association of purified, iodinated bovine immunoglobulins with the various fractions of whole milk and with cell-free skim milk and with two different mammary cell populations was studied. Associations in whole milk were concentration independent over a 6-fold range and revealed that SIgA and IgM were 5-fold more prevalent in milk fat than IgG1 and IgG2; the concentration of IgM and SIgA was 3-fold and 2-fold higher in fat than whey, respectively. A significant proportion of the IgM, ca 20% and to a lesser extent IgG2, ca 10%, were found in association with the casein pellet. Greater than 85% of the IgG2, greater than 90% of the IgG1, approximately equal to 80% of the SIgA and 70% of the IgM were found in milk whey. Isoelectric precipitation of casein significantly reduced the amount of IgM which associated with fat. When labelled Igs were incubated with milk leukocytes alone, only SIgA and IgM became significantly associated with them. However, when 10(6) cells were added, the amount of SIgA and IgM in the casein-cell pellet was not additive, although the increase for IgM was significant. These Igs also associated with the casein pellet of cell-free skim milk. When whole milk was used, the milk fat competed with cells and casein for association with SIgA and IgM. Homogenization of the fat layer from normal milk with or without added cells, caused significant release of the Igs which sedimented in the pellet. PMID- 3492071 TI - The proteolytic activity of milk fat, whey and casein for iodinated, extrinsic bovine IgG1, IgG2, SIgA and IgM. AB - Purified, iodinated bovine immunoglobulins (Igs) were incubated with fresh Guernsey milk or with the casein, fat and whey fraction of such milk for up to 12 hr at 37 degrees C. Igs incubated in whole milk, showed little evidence of proteolysis in either the whey, fat or casein fractions although the amount of radioactivity which became associated with the latter two fractions prevented adequate analysis. When the individual milk fractions were first prepared and then incubated with iodinated Igs, we found no evidence for proteolysis of any Ig in whey or casein but ca. 25% breakdown or dissociation of the IgM and SIgA which had been incubated with milk fat. Breakdown of these Igs in fat was not inhibited with benzamidine-HCl, sodium azide or EDTA. These data show that: only those Igs which associate with milk fat are degraded or dissociated by it and the Ig fragments described from cows milk or recovered during studies on Ig transport cannot be ascribed to the proteolytic activity of fresh milk. PMID- 3492074 TI - [Treatment of diseases of the locomotor system in aged patients in clinical practice]. PMID- 3492073 TI - Red-green mixture thresholds in congenital and acquired color defects. AB - A color television display was used to measure thresholds for mixtures of red and green on a white background; red and green components could be either incremental, decremental or zero. Ellipses are fitted to a plot of green contrast as a function of red contrast, and it is argued that the length of the ellipse is a measure of red-green color discrimination and the width of the ellipse is a measure of luminance discrimination. It is shown that the technique reliably distinguishes normals from congenital color defectives and also protan from deutan subjects. For some cases of acquired color defects (e.g. optic neuritis), there is a roughly equal loss of color and luminance discrimination whereas, in other cases (e.g., hereditary optic atrophies), the loss of color discrimination is much greater than the loss of luminance discrimination. PMID- 3492075 TI - [Morphological and immunologic changes following intratumoral administration of alpha interferon in patients with breast cancer]. AB - Patients with early breast cancer received single intratumoral injections of 10,000, 100,000 or 200,000 IU alpha-interferon before radical surgery. Interferon was found to produce a dose-dependent cytotoxic and immune-boosting effect. A dose of 100,000 and 200,000 IU caused drug pathomorphosis in tumor and brought down immunologic indexes of peripheral blood. Administration of 10,000 IU stimulated T-cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 3492076 TI - [Effect of calciferol-protein deficiency on the metabolism of bone collagen]. AB - Growing rats received rations with separate and combined deficiencies of vitamin D, protein and certain essential amino acids, during 60 days. An increment was recorded in the total amount of collagen in the tubular bones at the expense of its mature, insoluble fraction, in the presence of a decreased content of salt- and acid-soluble fractions of this protein. These shifts were more manifest in combined calciferol-protein deficiency. Disorders in the correlation of collagen biosynthesis, maturation and degradation processes were responsible for these shifts, which was confirmed by the corresponding changes in the rate of 4C glycine-1 build up in proteins of the bone tissue organic matrix and in the intensity of hydroxyproline urinary excretion. PMID- 3492077 TI - [Immune reactivity of patients with chronic kidney diseases]. PMID- 3492078 TI - [Treatment of patients with vestibular dysfunction]. PMID- 3492079 TI - Hemophilus influenzae pericarditis in two adults. PMID- 3492080 TI - [Scintigraphy of intestinal hemorrhage with 99m-technetium marked erythrocytes]. AB - Among 25 studies of patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage using 99m-Tc-RBC no labelling failure was encountered. Radionuclide imaging was found effective in the detection, localisation and exclusion of gastrointestinal hemorrhages. PMID- 3492082 TI - [The role of the endothelium in vascular reactions as influenced by histamine]. PMID- 3492081 TI - [Production of human monoclonal antibodies by heterohybridization of human B lymphocytes of the spleen with mouse myeloma cells]. AB - Human lymphocytes were derived from the spleen of a 15-year-old female patient after partial splenectomy. High cell yield and percentage of human B-lymphocytes (over 30%) gave useful conditions for their fusion to mouse myeloma cells (P3 X63/Ag8/653). Fusion efficiency (cultures with growth) was 96%. From 288 initially seeded cultures 176 showed IgM and only one IgG production as determined by enzyme immunoassays. Twenty primary cell lines were cloned with differing results and 17 heterohybridoma cell clones with high IgM production rates could be established for more than 6 months in vitro. The present results show the possibility to produce human monoclonal antibodies in heterohybrids derived from human spleen lymphocytes. PMID- 3492083 TI - [Electroencephalographic features and the clinical efficacy of reflexotherapy in neurodermatitis patients]. PMID- 3492084 TI - [Sleepwalking]. PMID- 3492085 TI - [Distribution of lymphocytes according to the cell cycle phases in T, B, D and O populations in human blood and the immune system organs of animals vaccinated against cholera]. AB - The work presents the results of the study (carried out by the method of continuous flow cytofluorometry) of changes in the distribution of lymphocytes and their populations (obtained by means of distributing cell electrophoresis) according to the phases of the cell cycle (G0 + G1; S; G2 + M) in the blood and spleen of guinea pigs, as well as in the blood of humans, before and after immunization with cholera vaccine. The results of the determination of DNA synthesizing lymphocytes in the blood of immunized humans and animals have been shown to serve as an objective characteristic for the complex evaluation of the biological activity of cholera vaccines. PMID- 3492086 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic separation of sulfonamides]. PMID- 3492087 TI - [Spectrophotometry analysis, following thin-layer chromatographic separation, of the active ingredients sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in sumetrolim tablets]. PMID- 3492088 TI - Lack of drug acetylation in human blood monocytes and macrophages in vitro. PMID- 3492090 TI - Dizziness and vertigo in the posttraumatic syndrome. A physiological background. AB - Some important physiologic mechanisms involved in equilibrium control are briefly reviewed and a new method to study clinically the integration of vestibular and proprioceptive functions is presented. PMID- 3492089 TI - Epidermal growth factor--receptors on cultured human meningioma cells. AB - Equilibrium binding assays of EGF were performed on confluent cultures of 12 human meningiomas at early passage. In all meningiomas complete binding curves were obtained and the resulting ED 50 values ranged between 0.5 and 6.3 nM. In four cases (ED 50 values ranging from 1.5 nM to 3.0 nM) where saturation analysis was performed, the sites were saturable at similar levels (7 nM). In five cases additional experiments were undertaken to evaluate the biological response of cultured cells to EGF as assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. In all cases EGF was a potent stimulus and increased 3H-thymidine incorporation by 2.5 to 6-fold. Functionally intact EGF receptors appear to be a regular feature of meningiomas in cell culture and appear not to be related to histological classification. PMID- 3492091 TI - Familial multiple exostoses syndrome: a phacomatosis of bone tissue. PMID- 3492092 TI - Biochemical, nutritional and toxicological aspects of alpha-amylase inhibitors from plant foods. AB - This paper is a critical review of the available data on plant protein inhibitors active either on animal or endogenous plant alpha-amylases. The First Section is a review of available data on molecular properties of the purified inhibitors from cereals, legumes, colocasia and yam. The Second Section deals with properties of amylase-inhibitor complexes and parameters controlling the interaction between amylases and inhibitors. The Third Section discusses possible roles of these inhibitors in the plant, whereas Section Four focuses on nutritional and toxicological significance of amylase inhibitors for human beings and other mammals. Lastly Section Five examines some applications in medicine of alpha-amylase inhibitors from plants. PMID- 3492094 TI - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients aged 80 years or more. AB - A retrospective study of 208 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (including 56 therapeutic procedures) performed over a 3-year period on 150 patients aged 80 years or more has shown that endoscopy is safe and well tolerated in this age group. Only 10% of first endoscopies were normal. If endoscopies performed for therapy or assessment of peptic ulcer healing are excluded, 79% of endoscopies were considered helpful in revealing the cause of the patients symptoms and/or aiding the patients' management. Endoscopy was particularly helpful in patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage or dysphagia. Of 63 emergency endoscopies for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, a source of bleeding was found in 82%. Out-patient diagnostic endoscopy and even out-patient endoscopic oesophageal dilatation was safe in the more robust elderly patient. Patients aged 80 years or more made up 5% of all upper gastrointestinal endoscopies and 10% of all emergency endoscopies performed in our unit. The study emphasizes the important contribution of sophisticated investigative techniques to the care of the elderly. PMID- 3492093 TI - Oxygen diffusion coefficient of cell membranes. AB - The microviscosity was measured in erythrocyte membranes of different animal species and in lung cells and myocytes of bull frogs by means of the nanosecond fluorescence depolarization technique with a rod-like fluorescent probe, 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). The diffusion coefficient of oxygen molecules (DO2) was estimated from the microviscosity and an equation for the relation between viscosity and diffusion coefficient. The DO2 value of erythrocyte ghosts was remarkably different among species; 0.84 in sheep, 1.29 in human, 1.49 in rat and 1.92 X 10(-7) cm2/sec in rabbit, while the wobbling diameter Wd was 10.7, 11.5, 12.1 and 10.7A in respective species. The DO2 value in frogs was different among organs; 1.07 in erythrocyte ghosts, 2.18 in lung cells, 2.64 X 10(-7) cm2/sec in myocytes. The Wd value was 12.2, 12.6 and 13.4A in respective organs at 30 C. A comparison between sizes of moving area of phospholipid molecules in membrane and in ideal fluid state suggested that the actual DO2 values in cell membranes may probably be ten times larger than the present values. PMID- 3492095 TI - Prostaglandins in pathological bone resorption. PMID- 3492097 TI - Acute myocardial infarction: MR evaluation in 29 patients. AB - This study evaluated the ability of MR to identify and characterize the region of myocardial infarction in humans. Twenty-nine patients, all with ECG and enzyme rises consistent with an acute myocardial infarction, were studied by MR 3-17 days from the onset of acute chest pain. Four patients were excluded because of inability to acquire adequate MR studies. For comparison, 20 normal subjects were studied who also had gated MR examinations. The site of infarction was visualized in 23 patients as an area of high signal intensity in relation to the normal myocardium, a contrast that increased on the second-echo image. The regions of abnormal signal intensity corresponded to the anatomic site of infarction as defined by the ECG changes. The mean T2 relaxation time of the infarcted myocardium (79 +/- 22 msec) was significantly prolonged in comparison with the mean T2 (43.9 +/- 9 msec) of normal myocardium (p less than .01). The mean percentage of contrast (intensity difference) between normal and infarcted myocardium was much greater on the second-echo images (65.6 +/- 34.0%) than the first-echo images (27.5 +/- 18.7%). In the normal subjects there was no difference in T2 between the anterolateral (40.3 +/- 5.7 msec) and septal (39.5 +/- 7.4 msec) regions, and percentages of contrast between these two regions of myocardium on the first-echo (9.1 +/- 7.4%) and second-echo (15.0 +/- 13.3%) images were similar. Thus, MR can be used to directly visualize acute infarcts. However, it has several pitfalls, including the necessity to differentiate signal from slowly flowing blood in the ventricle, from increased signal from a region of infarction and artifactual variation of signal intensity in the myocardium due to respiratory motion or residual cardiac motion. PMID- 3492096 TI - Cine MR imaging: potential for the evaluation of cardiovascular function. AB - MR imaging is valuable in defining cardiac anatomy in a variety of cardiac abnormalities. However, evaluation of cardiac function by this technique has been limited by long imaging times and low temporal resolution. New, recently described pulse sequences shorten imaging time considerably and improve temporal resolution. This paper reports our early experience with cine MR imaging of the heart, a technique of gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS) that uses low flip angles and gradient-recalled echoes. Images were obtained in 36 subjects (14 normal volunteers and 22 patients with coronary artery or valvular heart disease) and displayed in a cinegraphic mode for assessment of cardiac function. The acquisition of 10 to 12 levels, covering the whole heart with up to 24 time frames per level, required a maximum imaging time of only 30 min. Because systole and diastole were readily identified, and the contrast between blood and surrounding structures was excellent, systolic wall thickening, wall motion, and motion of the cardiac valves were visualized easily. Regions of myocardial infarcts were clearly visible and characterized by lack of systolic wall thickening and/or diastolic wall thinning. Turbulence caused signal loss within the flowing blood, which usually had higher signal intensity than myocardium. Therefore, turbulent blood flow in valvular regurgitation and in valvular and subvalvular stenosis could be detected. Cine MR imaging is a promising new technique for the evaluation of myocardial and valvular function. PMID- 3492098 TI - Aberrant right subclavian artery: further observations. AB - One hundred one posteroanterior and 89 lateral chest radiographs were reviewed of patients with proven aberrant right subclavian artery. The patients were 17-96 years old. Three findings were noted on the posteroanterior radiograph: an oblique edge extending to the right from the aortic knob (60%); demonstration of the vessel through the lucency of the tracheal air column (43%) with sharp margins (29%) or as a tubular opacity without sharp margins (14%); and a "mass" effect at the medial right clavicular area (32%). Three findings were noted on the lateral radiograph: retrotracheal opacity (79%), aortic arch obscuration (62%), and posterior tracheal imprint (49%). Two of these findings (tubular opacity and mass effect) are reported as new observations in patients with aberrant right subclavian artery. PMID- 3492099 TI - Superior vena cava obstruction: a venographic classification. AB - Analysis of venacavograms in 27 patients with superior vena caval obstruction revealed the following four patterns of venous collateral return: type I, partial obstruction (up to 90% stenosis) of the superior vena cava with patency of the azygos vein; type II, near-complete to complete obstruction (90-100%) of the superior vena cava with patency and antegrade flow through the azygos vein and into the right atrium; type III, near-complete to complete obstruction (90-100%) of the superior vena cava with reversal of azygos blood flow; type IV, complete obstruction of the superior vena cava and one or more of the major caval tributaries, including the azygos system. These patterns correlate well with the patients' clinical courses and can be used to identify patients who are at risk of developing cerebral and airway compromise and therefore would benefit from superior vena cava bypass surgery. PMID- 3492100 TI - Occult pulmonary embolism: a common occurrence in deep venous thrombosis. AB - Ventilation-perfusion scans were used in a prospective study to determine the prevalence of occult pulmonary embolus in proven deep venous thrombosis. Fifty eight patients without symptoms of pulmonary embolism, but with venographically proven deep venous thrombosis, were subjected to chest radiographs, 99mTc macroaggregated-albumin perfusion scans, and 133Xe ventilation scans. Of the 49 patients with deep venous thrombosis proximal to the calf veins, 17 (35%) had high-probability scans. Of all 58 patients, only 12 (21%) had normal scans. When the study population was compared with a group of 430 patients described in reports of pulmonary perfusion in asymptomatic persons, a significantly higher percentage of high-probability scans was found in the study population with deep venous thrombosis. Baseline ventilation-perfusion lung scanning is valuable for patients with proven above-knee deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 3492101 TI - Primary angiosarcoma of the heart: CT characteristics. PMID- 3492102 TI - Contrast pharyngography: the importance of phonation. PMID- 3492103 TI - Patterns of recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after transhiatal esophagectomy and gastric interposition. AB - Serial barium and CT studies were performed for follow-up of 35 patients who had undergone transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric interposition for esophageal carcinoma. The results were compared with the clinical and pathologic findings. Thirteen patients (37%) were clinically and radiologically free of tumor recurrence after a mean observation period of 18 months. Twenty-one patients (60%) developed recurrent carcinoma within 12 months and one patient (3%) within 14 months. Thirteen patients were clinically asymptomatic when recurrence was detected radiologically. Recurrence was initially confined to the mediastinum in one-half of the patients, whereas the others already had distant metastases when recurrence first became evident. Because most of the recurrent lesions originated outside the interposed stomach, CT was more useful than barium studies in showing early recurrence. Radiologic follow-up including CT allows earlier detection of limited recurrent carcinoma after surgery and, thus, offers the possibility of appropriate additional palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 3492104 TI - Acute gastric dilatation: a rare cause of portal venous gas. PMID- 3492105 TI - Ringlike rectal ulcers after biopsy or polypectomy. PMID- 3492106 TI - MR evaluation of uterine anomalies. AB - The MR features of uterine anomalies were analyzed in eight women. Scans were done on a 1.5-T magnet with T1-weighted (TR 600 msec, TE 25 msec) and T2-weighted (TR 2000-2500 msec, TE 35-80 msec) spin-echo images obtained in several planes. The anomalies consisted of bicornuate uterus (three cases), septate uterus (one case), bicornuate uterus with septation (two cases), unicornuate uterus (one case), and uterus didelphys with vaginal septum (one case). These diagnoses were confirmed by hysterosalpingography with laparoscopy (five cases), dilation and curettage with laparoscopy (one case), or cesarean section (two cases). In six of the eight cases, MR correctly identified and accurately classified the type of anomaly. In the other two cases, the MR diagnosis was a bicornuate uterus with septation. One case proved to be a uterus didelphys with vaginal septum, and the other a bicornuate uterus without septation. The study shows that MR is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of uterine anomalies. PMID- 3492107 TI - Needle puncture of cystic renal masses: a survey of the Society of Uroradiology. AB - A survey of 114 members of the Society of Uroradiology provided data on the results of needle punctures of cystic renal masses in approximately 16,000 cases. The 73 respondents reported that cyst puncture is currently performed only for specific indications, that opacification is only occasionally performed after puncture, and that cytology is the laboratory procedure of choice for aspirated fluid. While all respondents accepted sonographic confirmation of cysts seen on nephrotomography, only 92% accepted sonography alone as diagnostic, compared to 100% for CT alone. Aspiration of clear fluid (usually an indicator of benignity) with positive or negative cytology, occurred in 19 cystic renal malignancies. Thus, gross and laboratory characteristics of aspirated fluid are not conclusive in diagnosing cystic lesions. CT should be the final arbiter in suspicious lesions. PMID- 3492108 TI - Interstitial emphysema associated with epidural anesthesia for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. AB - Interstitial emphysema was noted on abdominal radiographs in 38 (15%) of the first 150 patients treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy at our hospital. All 38 patients had undergone successful or attempted epidural anesthesia for the lithotripsy. This finding was not seen in any patient who had not undergone epidural puncture. The emphysema is the result of the introduction of air into the paraspinal and back muscles or subcutaneous tissues during attempted or actual puncture of the epidural space. This air was apparent on abdominal radiographs taken after lumbar puncture in 38 (23%) of 167 patients who underwent attempted or actual puncture of the epidural space. The emphysema decreases over the ensuing days, is of no clinical significance, and bears no direct relationship to extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. This finding should not be mistaken for emphysema caused by gas-producing or gas-containing retroperitoneal diseases. PMID- 3492109 TI - MR imaging of the carpal tunnel: normal anatomy and preliminary findings in the carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - MR imaging was performed through the carpal tunnel in 18 wrists of nine normal volunteers and compared with cryomicrotome sections from cadaver wrists. MR reliably imaged the flexor retinaculum and carpal bones and thus defined the borders of the carpal tunnel. In all cases the median nerve was seen as an ovoid structure of moderate signal intensity and was easily distinguished from the flexor tendons of the hands running in the carpal tunnel. The tendons were separated from each other by their tendon sheaths, and this allowed for identification of the various tendons. Anatomic variations encountered in the normal volunteers included anomalous positioning of the origin of the lumbrical muscles within the carpal tunnel in two, persistent median arteries in two, and interposition of the median nerve between the flexor pollicis longus and the superficial flexor tendon to the index finger in one. Preliminary observations in 10 wrists of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome include segmental and diffuse swelling of the median nerve in six, distortion of the nerve in one, and thickening of the tendon sheaths in one. We conclude that MR imaging accurately and reliably displays the normal anatomy of the carpal tunnel and can detect morphologic changes in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 3492110 TI - MR imaging of osteogenic and Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Twenty patients with biopsy-proven osteogenic (11 cases) or Ewing's (nine cases) sarcoma were evaluated by MR imaging on a 0.15-T resistive unit to determine the value of MR in the diagnosis and treatment of these two neoplasms and to develop the best protocol for MR imaging. In all 20 cases, MR identified tumor spread into bone marrow, and it was superior to CT in five cases. Extension of tumor into the soft tissues adjacent to bone was shown better by MR than CT in six cases. Improved anatomic information from MR is the result of the ability to image in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Compared with CT, MR identifies cortical disease but has inferior spatial resolution and defines calcium poorly. MR can be used to monitor tumor response to chemotherapy, and the relationship of tumor to adjacent vasculature can be determined without the use of contrast agents. Two pulse sequences are necessary for maximum display of disease, since, in general, tumor involvement of the bone marrow is best assessed on T1-weighted sequences, and tumor involvement of the soft tissue is best seen on T2-weighted sequences. Additional information about bone-marrow involvement, soft-tissue tumor extent, and the relationship of tumor to blood vessels makes MR a valuable adjunct to CT in the evaluation of these neoplasms. PMID- 3492111 TI - Parosteal osteosarcoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation with emphasis on CT. AB - Parosteal osteosarcoma, a distinct entity in which the neoplasm arises on the bone surface, presents characteristic features. Thorough radiologic and histologic evaluation and early definitive surgery usually result in a favorable prognosis and make limb salvage feasible in many adult patients. Twenty-six patients with proven parosteal osteosarcoma were seen at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston. All were examined by conventional radiography, 16 by CT, and one by both CT and MR. CT is valuable for the evaluation of tumor invasion of the medullary canal, involvement of the cortex, and extension into the soft tissues, findings frequently not demonstrable by other noninvasive techniques. Additional information is obtained regarding the presence and location of satellite lesions and intralesional radiolucent areas and the relationship of the vascular bundle to the tumor mass. These findings are important for planning both percutaneous biopsy and surgery. PMID- 3492112 TI - CT patterns of facet fracture dislocations in the thoracolumbar region. AB - Thoracolumbar facets are not as commonly dislocated as are those of the cervical spine. It is, however, crucial to make an early and accurate diagnosis of thoracolumbar facet dislocation since the injury may be unstable and require reduction and internal fixation. This paper presents three major CT patterns of thoracolumbar facet fracture dislocation. The first represents anterior subluxation of the vertebral body with anteriorly locked facets. The second is a lateral vertebral body subluxation with laterally locked facets. The third is an acute kyphosis with little vertebral body subluxation but superiorly dislocated facets. Since the vertebral body subluxation may be missed on axial CT images, these facet-dislocation patterns should be recognized by identifying the paired superior and inferior facets and establishing their congruency. Identification of the facets is accomplished by their orientation with respect to the vertebral body (superior facets are directed posteromedially and inferior facets are directed anterolaterally) as well as by the shape of the articular surface (superior facet articular surface is concave, inferior facet articular surface is flat or convex). PMID- 3492113 TI - Chronic airway obstruction in children: evaluation with cine-CT. AB - The radiographic diagnosis of airway lesions, especially laryngomalacia and tracheomalacia, often is imprecise. Endoscopy, which allows detailed examination of the upper airway, is an invasive procedure requiring sedation or anesthesia. A prospective study was undertaken to show the value of cine-CT (Imatron) scanning in diagnosing airway lesions in children. Eleven patients, aged 10 days to 4 years old, with a history of stridor were evaluated by both cine-CT and flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. Cine-CT studies of 12 children imaged for other reasons and without clinical evidence of airway disease served as controls to assess normal airway motion. Endoscopy identified 13 abnormalities, 11 of which were identified by cine-CT. Cine-CT has the capacity to image common causes of chronic stridor in children. It is rapid, noninvasive, and requires no sedation in most children. Although additional work is needed to clarify the role of cine-CT, this study suggests that cine-CT is a sensitive and specific imaging technique for evaluation of chronic stridor in infants and children. PMID- 3492114 TI - Radiographic findings in children and young adults with Barrett's esophagus. AB - The upper-gastrointestinal examinations of 32 patients (mean age, 11 years) with histologically proven Barrett's esophagus were reviewed to evaluate the radiologic findings in children. All patients had symptoms of chronic gastroesophageal reflux and/or esophagitis, including atypical findings such as aspiration pneumonia, seizures, and failure to thrive. Fourteen patients had other diseases that might predispose them to abnormal esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux. Twenty-five patients had single-contrast and seven patients had double-contrast examinations. Four patients had normal single contrast studies; 24 had gastroesophageal reflux; 12 had strictures; 10 had esophageal ulcers; and only four had hiatal hernias. The most notable difference between the results of endoscopy and the upper-gastrointestinal studies was the rate of detection of esophageal ulcers. Ten of the patients with single-contrast studies had ulcers seen at endoscopy but not shown radiologically. No specific radiologic signs of Barrett's esophagus were found, although most of our patients had abnormal upper gastrointestinal studies. PMID- 3492115 TI - Risks of percutaneous transhepatic drainage in patients with cholangitis. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTD) has been advocated as a method of achieving biliary decompression in patients with cholangitis. However, the risk of PTD in these patients has not been determined. Therefore, we reviewed the records of 95 consecutive PTD patients, 30 (32%) of whom had cholangitis. Forty four (46%) of the 95 patients underwent PTD as a preoperative measure; the remaining 51 (54%) had PTD for palliation of end-stage malignancies. Thirty-day mortality and overall morbidity were 17% and 30%, respectively, in the patients with cholangitis and 15% and 28% in the patients without cholangitis. These differences were not statistically significant. However, patients with cholangitis had a significantly higher (p less than .05) incidence of post-PTD bacteremia. In patients undergoing PTD for palliation, both mortality (25%, p less than .01) and morbidity (35%) were higher than in those being drained preoperatively. This analysis suggests that PTD can be performed safely in patients with cholangitis and that the patient's underlying disease process is more important than the presence of cholangitis in determining the outcome. PMID- 3492117 TI - Transcatheter intracavitary fibrinolysis of infected extravascular hematomas. PMID- 3492116 TI - Common bile duct stone dissolution with methyl tertiary butyl ether: experience with three patients. PMID- 3492118 TI - The MR appearance of syringomyelia: new observations. AB - Fifty-eight patients with spinal cord cavities were studied with MR imaging. Patients were separated into four groups, and the appearance of the cavities were compared. There were 24 patients (41.4%) with communicating syringomyelia (associated with the Chiari I malformation). Sixteen patients (27.6%) had posttraumatic syringomyelia, nine patients (15.5%) had associated tumors, and nine patients (15.5%) had idiopathic syringomyelia. The characteristics of each syrinx, the spinal cord, and the appearance of the cerebellar tonsils were analyzed on T2- and T1-weighted images. There is a striking similarity in the appearance of many syrinx cavities regardless of the cause. Characteristics that were found in some patients in every group included areas of increased intensity on T2-weighted images, the presence of the CSF flow-void sign (CFVS) in the syrinx cavity, eccentric cavities, "beaded" cavities, and cord enlargement. Tonsillar ectopia alone does not indicate that a syrinx is of the "communicating" type, since it was present in two of 16 patients (13%) with trauma and in two of five patients (40%) with tumors. T1-weighted images were most useful in evaluating the anatomic characteristics of the syrinx and the cerebellar tonsils. Most syrinx cavities involved the cervicothoracic junction. The average length was between five and nine vertebral segments (depending on category) but varied between one and 20 vertebral segments. T2-weighted images revealed areas of increased intensity in the spinal cord in 13 patients without tumors. Two of these cases were shown to represent gliosis on histopathologic review. The CFVS was present in the syrinx cavities of 23 patients (40%), probably reflecting pulsatile movements of the syrinx fluid. It has been proposed that such movements are a cause of syrinx propagation, and the observation of the CFVS may have prognostic significance. The development and progression of the CFVS was documented in serial MR examinations in one patient over an 18-month period. The theories of syrinx development and propagation are reviewed. PMID- 3492119 TI - Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery: correlation of arteriography, CT, and pathology. AB - Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery is being recognized as a more frequent cause of acute neurologic deficit, particularly in young persons. Saccular pseudoaneurysm formation may be an associated finding, especially in the presence of tortuosity (coiling) of the cervical internal carotid artery. Of eight patients with nine vessels demonstrating internal carotid artery dissection on arteriography, pseudoaneurysms were found in five arteries. Four of the five pseudoaneurysms occurred in tortuous (coiled) arterial segments. Thin-section contrast-enhanced dynamic incremental CT showed close agreement with the findings on selective arteriography and provided additional information on the presence and configuration of arterial wall thickening as well as the extent of the pseudoaneurysm. Our experience indicates that CT may play an important role in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of this lesion. PMID- 3492120 TI - Magnetite albumin microspheres: a new MR contrast material. AB - A superparamagnetic MR contrast agent was synthesized by incorporating 150-250-A particles of magnetite (Fe3O4, Fe2O3) in 1-5 microns human serum albumin microspheres. Magnetite albumin microspheres (MAM) target almost exclusively to the reticuloendothelial system after IV administration, are stable in vitro and in vivo, and possess a long shelf life. The agent has a large magnetic susceptibility effect that selectively reduces T2 with little effect on T1. Biodistribution studies that use a dose of 20 mg MAM/kg show prompt clearance from the blood pool with marked decrease in T2 for rat liver (40%) and spleen (45%) with a small decrease in liver (5%) and spleen (10%) T1 values. Pulmonary T1 and T2 decrease transiently over the first 24 hr, while no significant changes were observed in other tissues. Imaging of a rabbit VX2 tumor model resulted in a 200% increase in the contrast ratio of VX2 tumor to normal liver on T2-weighted and mixed T1-/T2-weighted pulse sequences after administration of contrast agent. The extreme potency, excellent targeting, and apparent lack of toxicity of this agent suggest that MAM probably will have a clinical application in detecting focal hepatic and splenic lesions. PMID- 3492121 TI - Use of standard gradients with compound oblique angulation for optimal quantitative MR flow imaging in oblique vessels. AB - The earliest described phase-modulation techniques for flow quantification by MR imaging require a phase image obtained by modifying one of the imaging gradients and a reference phase image obtained without the modified gradient. However, by using the same gradients that are used for routine two-dimensional Fourier transform imaging, both anatomic and velocity-encoded images can be obtained in one scan. Although convenient, this technique is sensitive to flow both within and perpendicular to the imaging plane. Consequently, significant errors occur in the measurement of flow in vessels oblique to the image plane. To determine the relative accuracy and practicality of quantitatively measuring flow in oblique vessels, we used standard sequence gradients with routine orthogonal plane imaging and direct compound oblique plane imaging. Phantom studies of flow in a vessel aligned along the z axis showed a significant linear correlation (r = .999; p less than .05) between the spin phase and spin velocity. However, studies of flow at relatively low physiologic rates (12-17 cm/sec) in vessels angled 0-30 degrees off axis showed that obliquities of as little as 10 degrees result in significant quantification errors. This is due to a larger phase shift per unit velocity along the frequency-encoding direction vs along the slice-select direction and to a mixture of velocities within a voxel that is oblique to the flow direction. In most instances, resolution of these errors can be achieved satisfactorily only by electronic plane rotation with compound oblique angulation so that the image plane and vessel are perpendicular. When so used, this technique potentially might provide important adjunctive quantitative flow data in oblique vessels during routine clinical imaging. PMID- 3492122 TI - Effects of MR imaging on murine natural killer cell cytotoxicity. AB - To determine the effect of MR imaging on the immune system, 21 male C57BL/6 X DBA/2 F1 mice were exposed to MR imaging at a field strength of 0.15 T for 2 hr. Another nine mice (controls) were sham exposed for the same amount of time. Mice were sacrificed and their spleens removed 24, 72, and 144 hr after the exposure (MR or sham). Spleen cell suspensions were passed over nylon wool columns and then used as effector cells in a short-term natural killer cell cytotoxicity assay with 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 cells as target cells. The results showed no evidence of decreased cytotoxicity due to exposure to MR. On the contrary, at all three times after exposure and for all target-to-effector cell ratios, mean cytotoxicity was greater for MR-exposed groups than for sham-exposed groups. The results show that MR exposure has no adverse effect on the immune system, as evidenced by natural killer cell activity. PMID- 3492123 TI - Intensity correction in surface-coil MR imaging. PMID- 3492125 TI - Picture archiving and communication systems in Japan. PMID- 3492124 TI - Total digital radiology department: spatial resolution requirements. AB - The minimum spatial resolution required for a total digital radiology department has yet to be defined. A pilot study designed to provide this information was performed. Abnormal and normal radiographic images of children were digitized and redisplayed on film at spatial resolutions of 5.0, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 lp/mm. These resolutions are comparable to a digital display of a 14 X 14 in. chest image having pixel elements of 4096 X 4096, 2048 X 2048, 1024 X 1024, and 512 X 512, respectively. Contrast resolution was maintained at 12 bits or 4096 gray levels. The three phases of data acquisition were (1) the standard analysis of receiver operating characteristics, (2) a checklist evaluation of the "seeability" of important structures, and (3) a comparison of all resolutions and a discernment of usability. Fifteen radiologists participated in the study. On the basis of the pediatric cases used, the results showed that the needed spatial resolution for a total digital radiology department may be around 2.5 lp/mm (2048 X 2048). Checklist data on seeability of structures and comparisons of all resolutions give information on specific changes that are occurring as the resolution is decreased, and, when included with the receiver-operating characteristic data, they become a major component in developing a resolution standard. The finding that 2.5 lp/mm is the required spatial resolution makes construction of a total digital radiology department possible with present state of-the-art technology. PMID- 3492126 TI - Patient education, preventive medicine, and the radiologist. PMID- 3492127 TI - Mammographic grids and breast radiation. PMID- 3492128 TI - Vitamin A and DISH. PMID- 3492129 TI - Auto seat restraint soft-tissue injury. PMID- 3492130 TI - Reassessing the role of radiology in hemoccult screening. PMID- 3492131 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets and their cytotoxic capacity in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus. AB - Distribution and cytotoxic function of lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 20 patients with type I, in 20 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and in 40 control subjects. The percentage, the absolute number of (EA), (E Thr), (TM) subsets and the rate of (E Thr) (E Ths) and (TM/) (TG) cells were found to be higher in type I and lower in type II diabetic patients than in controls. This opposite tendency in the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets may be related to the duration of diabetes. Simultaneously a significant cytotoxic capacity of U, null, T, (TG)-lymphocytes was observed against human pancreas extract-coated targets in almost all 18 out of 20 of type I, but only in a few cases (5 out of 20) of type II diabetic patients. These five patients needed insulin therapy six months later. The T and (TG)-lymphocytes had the largest killer activity in both diabetic groups. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity seems to be a specific method which is suitable for the study of in vitro sensitization against pancreas tissue, and it might predict insulin dependency in type II diabetic patients. PMID- 3492132 TI - Infectious endophthalmitis: an ocular emergency. PMID- 3492133 TI - The role of radionuclide cardiac imaging in coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The main applications of cardiac nuclear imaging in coronary artery bypass surgery include: patient selection, prediction of improvement in resting LV function after revascularization, diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction, assessment of the results of revascularization, evaluation of new or recurrent symptoms, and in risk stratification. Proper understanding of which test to be used, when, and why may be important to optimize patient management. PMID- 3492134 TI - Report of an unusual lymphoma arising from parafollicular B-lymphocytes (PBLs) or so-called "monocytoid" lymphocytes. AB - A distinctive B-cell has been recognized recently in reactive lymph nodes, especially those of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. Previously designated as "immature sinus histiocytes" or "monocytoid" cells, these B-lymphocytes proliferate in subcapsular and parenchymal sinuses and the parafollicular area of nodes. The authors now report a 55-year-old male who developed a malignant lymphoma composed of cells with light microscopic, immunologic, and ultrastructural characteristics identical with these newly described B-cells. The term parafollicular B lymphocytes (PBLs) is recommended herein to emphasize their morphologic and immunologic features. An unusual feature of this PBL lymphoma is the numerous benign-appearing hyperplastic follicles surrounded by the neoplastic infiltrate, mimicking the cytologic appearance and distribution of PBLs seen in toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. The function of these recently recognized B-cells is unknown; their anatomic relationship with hyperplastic follicular centers in reactive states and the lymphoma herein described suggests a role in follicular function. PMID- 3492135 TI - The detection of leukocyte esterase activity in urine with a new reagent strip. AB - An evaluation of the Ames Leukostix reagent strips for the detection of leukocyte esterase activity in urine was undertaken to determine the interlot precision and between reader reliability, to compare Leukostix and Chemstrip LN results, and to determine if the Ames Leukostix reagent strip provides an alternative to, or supplement for, the microscopic detection of leukocytes. A total of 412 urines were analyzed with the Ames and Bio-Dynamics reagent strips. The sensitivity and specificity of Leukostix results, relative to a quantitative chamber count, were 89.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Chemstrip LN provided essentially the same results with a sensitivity of 88.8% and specificity of 92.4%. The between-reader and between-lot reproducibility was excellent, with 99% of the results agreeing within half a color block of each other. The sensitivity of the sediment count relative to the chamber count was 68.9% and the specificity, 97.7%. Performance of the sediment count in addition to use of the reagent strip provided little additional information. On the basis of these results, the Ames Leukostix reagent strip is considered to be a suitable alternative to sediment microscopic examination for the detection of leukocytes in urine. PMID- 3492136 TI - Mental health of small-town Kansas elderly: a report from the Great Plains. AB - This paper presents an overview of a large-scale interview study of the subjective well-being of approximately 1,000 older (65 + years) Kansans residing across 18 small towns (2,500 and under in size). Descriptive results of assessments of social and psychological well-being are presented, along with a second-order taxonomy of well-being profiles. Results of path model analyses of physical, psychosocial, and demographic predictors of mental health of both men and women are offered. Data pertaining to the utilization of services are also presented. PMID- 3492137 TI - Leu 7+, Leu 11a- acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia having low K cell activity and no NK cell activity. AB - The phenotypic and functional features of the leukemic blasts from a child with T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were studied. The leukemic cells lacked the usual markers of T-cell lineage (T3-, T11-, E-sheep-) although they displayed some T-lymphocyte markers (T6+, T8+, T9+, T10+) and were T gamma-. Furthermore, these cells had a strong reaction with anti-Leu 7 but were negative to anti-Leu 11a antibody and exhibited low K cell activity, no NK activity, and showed virtually no response to PHA. These leukemic cells probably represented the leukemic counterpart of the Leu 7+, Leu 11a- subset that has been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of normal individuals. PMID- 3492138 TI - Peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations in the very low birth weight (less than 1,500-g) infant. AB - The development of monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens has provided method for characterizing distinct subpopulations of T-cells. In the present study we have quantified peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations in premature infants born weighing less than 1,500 g (1123 +/- 223 g) and ranging in gestational age from 25 to 32 weeks. The relative proportion of T4 cells in the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants was markedly higher at 1 week and 1 month of age (mean +/- SEM; 67.5 +/- 4.1 and 59.2 +/- 1.6) than in adult controls (47.2 +/ 1.5). The percentage of T4 cells remained elevated until 6 months of age, when it decreased to a level comparable to that in adults. In contrast, the proportion of T8 cells was significantly lower than the adult level at 1 week and 1 month of age. The T4/T8 ratio in the VLBW infants was higher at 1 week (4.3 +/- 0.5) and 1 month (3.5 +/- 0.2) than in adult controls (2.0 +/- 0.1). Thereafter, the T4/T8 ratio decreased but was still significantly higher than that in adult controls at 6 months of age (2.6 +/- 0.2). The absolute numbers of total T-cells (T3) and T8 and T4 cells were significantly higher in VLBW infants. The numbers of T8 cells were significantly lower in the first month of life than at 3-6 months of age. These alterations in the T-cell subsets in the first 6 months of life suggest that postnatal T-cell phenotypic changes in VLBW infants may parallel the T-cell ontogenetic process which occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy in full term infants. PMID- 3492139 TI - Stability of ganciclovir sodium (DHPG sodium) in 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride injections. AB - The stability of 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl]) guanine sodium (ganciclovir sodium, also known as DHPG sodium) in two infusion solutions was studied. Lyophilized ganciclovir sodium 500 mg was reconstituted with sterile water 10 mL to give a theoretical concentration of 50 mg/mL. After reconstitution, 6-mL aliquots of the solution were added to 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection in polyvinyl chloride i.v. bags. One sample was withdrawn from each of 10 bags of each solution and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thirty bags of each solution were then stored under each of the following conditions: at room temperature under laboratory light, at room temperature in the dark, and under refrigeration for up to five days. Single potency assays were performed by HPLC on each of three bags of solution at three and five days after initial dilution of the solutions. The solutions were visually inspected, and the pH of the solutions was measured. All solutions of ganciclovir were stable for at least five days under all storage conditions; mean ganciclovir concentrations did not drop below 98% of initial theoretical values throughout the storage period. No important changes in the pH of the solutions occurred during the study period. Under the conditions of this study, ganciclovir sodium is stable for up to five days when prepared in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection. PMID- 3492140 TI - Incidence, prevalence, and evidence. Scientific problems in epidemiologic statistics for the occurrence of cancer. AB - Major changes in policy for health, nutrition, and industrial safety have been proposed because of the "epidemic of apprehension" produced by statistics for the occurrence rates of cancer. The statistical information, however, contains gross violations of epidemiologic principles and scientific standards for credible evidence. The calculations often depend on an improper linkage of numerators and denominators; and the calculated rates, assembled from reports of overtly detected cases of cancer, represent neither incidence nor prevalence. Many of the secular or regional changes in rates are due to corresponding changes in the availability and dissemination of diagnostic technology, but the technologic changes have not been adequately evaluated or investigated. Improvements will require drastically altered approaches to the use of death certificates, tumor registries, and clues from necropsy data. PMID- 3492142 TI - Histiocytosis X and acute monocytic leukemia. Biologic illustration of the monocyte phagocytic system. AB - The concept of a mononuclear phagocytic system consisting of a continuum of cells arising from the bone marrow monoblast and terminating in the mature tissue macrophage is being actively investigated. The presentation of documented acute monocytic leukemia 18 months following the confirmed diagnosis of histiocytosis X in a 39-year-old man strongly supports the concept of the mononuclear phagocytic system lineage. PMID- 3492141 TI - Disseminated cryptococcal infection in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia and normal T cell functions. AB - The immunologic status of a patient with disseminated cryptococcosis and no underlying predisposing factor was evaluated. The proportions and numbers of T cells, T cell subsets, B cells and proliferative responses to mitogens and soluble antigens, including cryptococcal antigen, were comparable to those in healthy control subjects; however, the patient had moderately severe hypogammaglobulinemia. The patient continues to do well clinically with intravenous gammaglobulin and antifungal therapy. This study suggests that antibodies might also play a role in the defense against cryptococcal antigen. PMID- 3492143 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal gammopathies in the "well" elderly. AB - The study of monoclonal gammopathies in the elderly provides an opportunity to define immunologic and neoplastic changes with aging. Previous reports using paper and cellulose acetate electrophoresis have documented an age-related increase in monoclonal gammopathies. In this study, the more sensitive techniques of high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation were used, in conjunction with other protein studies, to further evaluate the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies in 111 ambulatory residents (aged 62 to 95) of a retirement home. Eleven of the 111 residents (10 percent) were found to have a monoclonal gammopathy, ranging in concentration from 0.2 to 1.8 g/dl. All monoclonal gammopathies were confirmed by immunofixation, which also documented the presence of additional unsuspected monoclonal components in three of the 11 residents. The prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies by age ranged from 6 percent in the group younger than 80 years of age to 14 percent in the group older than 90 years of age. Only one of the 11 residents had any clinical or routine laboratory suggestion of a monoclonal gammopathy. The other 10 had normal ratios of total protein and albumin to globulin. Five of the 11 (45 percent) had an otherwise clinically unexplained erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than 20 mm/hour, compared with only two of 100 in the group without monoclonal gammopathies. Follow-up studies one to three years after initial evaluation revealed that five of the 11 patients had died, two with evidence of disease progression. In the other six patients, monoclonal protein concentration and other protein values remained stable. An unexplained elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the elderly warrants investigation for the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy. Agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation identify a higher percent of monoclonal gammopathies in the elderly than has previously been recognized. Identification of monoclonal components in this population is useful for the subsequent study of plasma cell dyscrasias, neoplastic disease, or other immune dysfunction in the aged. PMID- 3492144 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Review of 53 cases. AB - Between 1976 and 1983, 53 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were documented at the Mayo Clinic. Underlying diseases included leukemia in 15 patients, lymphoma in nine, nonhematologic malignancies in five, acquired immune deficiency syndrome in two, an various inflammatory diseases treated by corticosteroids in 16 patients. Cytotoxic drugs with corticosteroids were used in 68 percent of patients, whereas 23 percent received corticosteroids alone. Clinical features consisted of progressive dyspnea (74 percent), cough (55 percent), and fever (62 percent), with normal findings on examination (43 percent), or crackles (53 percent). Arterial oxygen tension and oxygen saturation were 48.6 +/- 12.8 mm Hg and 81.2 +/- 6.5 percent, respectively. Chest roentgenographs exhibited diffuse alveolar and interstitial infiltrates with predominantly perihilar distribution. The diagnostic rates for open lung biopsy and bronchoscopy were 97 percent and 62 percent, respectively. Clinical improvement and survival following appropriate therapy were noted in 22 patients (41.5 percent), whereas the remaining 31 patients died within four weeks of hospitalization. When survivors were compared with nonsurvivors, there was no difference in mean age, leukocyte counts, arterial oxygen tension, or duration of symptoms before treatment. A coexisting pulmonary infection was identified more frequently in nonsurvivors (51.6 percent) than in survivors (22.7 percent, p = 0.01). The mortality from P. carinii pneumonia alone was 47 percent, whereas 76 percent of those with coexisting infection died. Despite antibiotic therapy and potentially effective chemoprophylaxis, P. carinii pneumonia remains a significant and life-threatening complication of diseases or treatments associated with immune suppression. PMID- 3492145 TI - Genetic aspects of immotile cilia syndrome. AB - The genetics of the immotile cilia syndrome has been analyzed in a series of 46 affected individuals from 38 families. Both sexes were equally affected: there were 20 males and 26 females in this series. All patients had upper and lower respiratory disease with chronic sinusitis, otitis, and chronic cough from early childhood. Bronchiectasis was common in older children and adults. Situs inversus occurred randomly, affecting 11 males and 15 females. Biopsies of nasal and bronchial mucosa from these subjects have been investigated by electron microscopy and identified as having specific ultrastructural defects of respiratory tract cilia including deficiencies in outer dynein arms (19), inner dynein arms (3), both inner and outer dynein arms (15), radial spoke defect (5); and microtubular transposition anomaly (4). Segregation analysis of proband sibships was consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. However, the different ultrastructural defects that underly the immotile cilia syndrome involve presumably different genetic determinants, and the different types have not been analyzed separately. Examination of paternal age and birth order gave no evidence of new autosomal dominant mutation in the series. PMID- 3492146 TI - AJN JobFocus: New opportunities in the Northeast. PMID- 3492147 TI - Epidermal growth factor deficiency during pregnancy causes abortion in mice. AB - The concentration of epidermal growth factor in the submandibular gland and plasma of female mice increased substantially during pregnancy. Pregestational sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) attenuated the rise in plasma epidermal growth factor during gestation and reduced the number of mice completing a term pregnancy by approximately 50%. Epidermal growth factor replacement therapy given to these mice during pregnancy improved the outcome of complete pregnancy to 86%. The administration of anti-epidermal growth factor antiserum in a daily dose of 50 or 100 microliter to sialoadenectomized pregnant mice increased the percentages of abortion to 67 and 100, respectively. These results suggest that epidermal growth factor may be necessary for the normal course of pregnancy. PMID- 3492148 TI - A high prevalence of chlamydial cervicitis in postmenopausal women. AB - One hundred eighty-one healthy women were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis of the cervix. The results revealed a high prevalence of chlamydia-positive cases concentrated in postmenopausal ages. We would like to suggest that the primary infections occurred when the subjects were younger and that the organisms have survived for decades. PMID- 3492149 TI - Dichromatic confusion lines and color vision models. AB - An attempt has been made to explain how dichromatic confusion lines can be used in building a model for color vision. In the Konig color vision model the fundamental colors are located on the mixture diagram at the copunctal points for protanopes, deuteranopes, and tritanopes. In Fry's model the copunctal points fall on the alychne and cannot represent the fundamental colors. On a constant luminance diagram the confusion lines for the different dichromats are sets of parallel lines. This arrangement of the confusion lines can be explained in terms of a zone theory of color vision. PMID- 3492150 TI - More on multiple personality disorder. PMID- 3492151 TI - Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. AB - The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was employed to ascertain the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), alcohol and substance abuse in a sample of 424 college students aged 16 to 19 years. Applying DSM III criteria, the prevalence of MDD was 6.8 per cent; of alcohol abuse, 8.2 per cent; and of substance abuse 9.4 per cent. Alcohol abuse was associated with MDD, but not with other psychiatric diagnoses. Substance abuse was associated both with MDD and with other psychiatric diagnoses as well. The onset of MDD almost always preceded alcohol or substance abuse suggesting the possibility of self-medication as a factor in the development of alcohol or substance abuse. PMID- 3492152 TI - Increased ex vivo synthesis of prostaglandin E2 by gastric tissue after hemorrhage in rats. AB - Endogenously synthesized prostaglandins are potential mediators of gastrointestinal mucosal protection. Some data suggest that gastric ulceration caused by stressful stimuli is due to diminished mucosal synthesis of prostaglandins. To examine this hypothesis, we determined the effect of hemorrhage, an ulcerogenic stimulus, on ex vivo production of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 by gastric tissue in the rat. Macroscopic gastric ulcers were reproducibly observed in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to hemorrhage (3 ml/100 g body weight). The number of ulcers was linearly related to the duration of shock. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis was significantly increased during in vitro incubation of oxyntic and nonoxyntic stomach tissue excised from rats subjected to hemorrhage for 30 minutes (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that damage to the gastric mucosa in rats subjected to hemorrhage occurs despite augmented endogenous secretion of prostaglandin E2. Mechanisms other than impaired prostaglandin biosynthesis were probably responsible for mucosal injury in this model. PMID- 3492153 TI - [Hemodynamic effects in high-dose infusion of nimodipine, a new calcium antagonist]. AB - Nimodipine, a new calcium channel blocker, seems to be effective in the treatment of vasospasm in cerebral vasculature. Typical cardiovascular side effects have limited the dose in neurology and neurosurgery to 0.03 mg/kg X h. This study was designed to examine the influence of an infusion of high dose nimodipine (0.09 mg/kg X h) on haemodynamics. 52 patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery and prospectively randomised in a nimodipine group and a control group having received 0.9% saline solution as placebo were investigated at 3 different times: 1. before induction of anaesthesia (n = 6) 2. during anaesthesia (n = 10) 3. during extracorporeal circulation (ECC n = 10). Predominant effect of high-dose nimodipine was a decrease in total systemic resistance (TSR), followed by a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and a significant increase in cardiac output. Haemodynamic effects were much more pronounced during anaesthesia in comparison to patients before induction of anaesthesia, thus demonstrating an interaction between anaesthetics and calcium channel blocker. Heart rate (HR 9.3%) and dp/dtmax (-17%) showed a decrease, too. The decrease in MAP and HR in connection with a decrease in left ventricular pressure (-21.9%) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (-42.8%) indicate a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand. An increasing dosage of nimodipine is accompanied by increasing cardiovascular effects. From the haemodynamic point of view high dosage of nimodipine seems to be of advantage in patients with hypertension and/or coronary heart disease suffering simultaneously from cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 3492154 TI - Analysis of enzymatic activities of subcellular and chromatographic fractions by an automated colorimetric microassay system. AB - A simple, automated colorimetric microassay system has been designed to quantitate enzyme activities commonly used as markers for subcellular compartments. This system relies on the spectrophotometric reading of microtiter wells containing the chromophore products. The microassay allows rapid, economical, and quantitative analysis of enzyme activities associated with sucrose or Percoll gradient fractions used for subcellular fractionation studies as well as the screening of a large number of fractions derived from HPLC and other separation columns used for enzyme purification. We describe its use for the quantitation of activities associated with acid and alkaline phosphatases, alkaline phosphodiesterase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, glycosidases, serine esterases, and succinate dehydrogenase, and give the range of their sensitivities. This microassay system has been applied to the isolation of granules of cytolytic lymphocytes and to the identification and purification of a serine esterase from the isolated granules of these cells. PMID- 3492155 TI - Freeze-fracture study of the vestibular hair cell surface during development. AB - The ciliary arrangement and external surface of the vestibular receptor cell were studied in their immature stages. In the first stages, immature stereocilia are similar to the microvilli of the adjacent supporting cells. Later, when the cilia grow, a geometric arrangement of the stereocilia occurs, while the peripheral microvilli disappear. The size of the hair cell apex increases. The biggest and more bulbous cells correspond to type I hair cells, but in the newborn cat it is difficult to distinguish accurately type II flat hair cells from immature hair cells. PMID- 3492156 TI - Hemodynamic effects of infusions of the emulsion formulation of propofol during nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans. AB - The hemodynamic response to anesthesia with the aqueous emulsion formulation of propofol was studied in healthy patients (ASA I or II), aged 39-57 yr, premedicated with morphine, 0.15 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced in all patients with propofol, 2 mg/kg. Subsequently, patients were randomly assigned to two groups and maintained by a continuous intravenous infusion (group 1 received 54 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1, group 2 received 108 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) to supplement 67% nitrous oxide. Three minutes after induction, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) decreased 28% (P less than 0.01) and was associated with decreased (-12%) cardiac output (Q70) and decreased (-15%) systemic vascular resistance (SVR). The hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation was not obtunded, but peak values of arterial pressures and heart rate did not exceed those recorded awake. Thirty minutes elapsed before repeating measurements prior to the first surgical incision. In group 1, SAP and Q70 decreased to 65% and 68% of awake values and in group 2 to 55% and 74% (P less than 0.05). Mild ventilatory depression persisted for the duration of spontaneous ventilation and was not reduced by the stimulus of surgery, which caused no significant hemodynamic responses in either group. Decreasing arterial PCO2 to the awake value by controlled ventilation increased SVR (P less than 0.05), but the associated increased SAP and decreased Q70 did not reach statistical significance. No patient reported awareness. The infusion of the emulsion formulation of propofol was associated with satisfactory anesthesia and recovery and with hemodynamic effects similar to those recorded with other intravenous anesthetics. PMID- 3492157 TI - Anesthetic potencies of secondary alcohol enantiomers. AB - The Meyer-Overton rule has been interpreted to mean that general anesthetics act at a nonpolar site, either in a lipid bilayer or a protein. Optical isomers, also called enantiomers, are pairs of compounds with the same molecular formula and functional groups, but which differ in the arrangement of the groups around an "asymmetric" carbon atom and in the direction they rotate plane-polarized light. By definition, enantiomers that are anesthetics can distinguish between stereoselective and nonselective sites of anesthetic action. We used such enantiomers to determine whether anesthetics are stereoselective in their actions on animals by measuring the potencies of a homologous series of secondary aliphatic alcohols from 2-butanol through 2-octanol in tadpoles, using reversible loss of righting reflex as the endpoint. None of the isomeric pairs exhibited significant differences in potency. Anesthetic potency increased logarithmically with the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohol. The ED50 +/- SE (mM) for the (+) and (-) forms of the alcohols, respectively, were as follows: 2-butanol 17 +/- 1.2, 17 +/- 1.1; 2-pentanol 4.7 +/- 0.28, 4.8 +/- 0.27; 2-hexanol 1.33 +/- 0.068, 1.42 +/- 0.079; 2-heptanol 0.32 +/- 0.011, 0.33 +/- 0.020; and 2-octanol 0.063 +/- 0.0042, 0.061 +/- 0.0032. These data demonstrate a lack of stereoselectivity in the interactions between the anesthetic secondary alcohols and their site of action in animals. PMID- 3492158 TI - Chronic beryllium disease in a precious metal refinery. Clinical epidemiologic and immunologic evidence for continuing risk from exposure to low level beryllium fume. AB - Five workers at a precious metal refinery developed granulomatous lung disease between 1972 and 1985. The original diagnosis was sarcoidosis, but 4 of the workers were subsequently proved to have hypersensitivity to beryllium by in vitro proliferative responses of lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. Review of medical records of coworkers and extensive industrial hygiene surveillance of the plant demonstrated that 4 cases occurred in the furnace area where air concentrations of beryllium fume were consistently below the permissible exposure limit of 2 micrograms/M3. A single case has been recognized from parts of the refinery where exposures to cold beryllium dust often exceeded the standard by as much as 20-fold. These data demonstrate that chronic beryllium disease still occurs and confirm the importance of specific immunologic testing in patients suspected of having sarcoidosis but with potential exposure to beryllium. The data raise concern about the adequacy of modern industrial controls, especially in the setting of exposure to highly respirable beryllium fume. PMID- 3492159 TI - Respiratory symptoms and lung function in habitual heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco alone, and nonsmokers. AB - To evaluate the possible pulmonary effects of habitual marijuana smoking with and without tobacco, we administered a detailed respiratory and drug use questionnaire and/or lung function tests to young, habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana alone (n = 144) or with tobacco (n = 135) and control subjects of similar age who smoked tobacco alone (n = 70) or were nonsmokers (n = 97). Mean amounts of marijuana and/or tobacco smoked were 49 to 57 joint-years marijuana (average daily number of joints times number of years smoked) and 16 to 22 pack years of tobacco. Among the smokers of marijuana and/or tobacco, prevalence of chronic cough (18 to 24%), sputum production (20 to 26%), wheeze (25 to 37%) and greater than 1 prolonged acute bronchitic episode during the previous 3 yr (10 to 14%) was significantly higher than in the nonsmokers (p less than 0.05, chi square). No difference in prevalence of chronic cough, sputum production, or wheeze was noted between the marijuana and tobacco smokers, nor were there additive effects of marijuana and tobacco on symptom prevalence. We noted significant worsening effects of marijuana but not to tobacco on specific airway conductance and airway resistance (tests of mainly large airways function) in men and of tobacco but not of marijuana on carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and on closing volume, closing capacity, and the slope of Phase III of the single-breath nitrogen washout curve (tests reflecting mainly small airways function) (p less than 0.03, two-way ANCOVA). No adverse interactive effects of marijuana and tobacco on lung function were found. PMID- 3492160 TI - Cross-section study of pulmonary function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - In this study, we attempted to establish the prevalence and nature of pulmonary dysfunction in a cross section of a diabetic population and the relationship of pulmonary dysfunction to diabetic factors and complications. Forty insulin dependent diabetic patients, 15 to 60 yr of age, and 40 healthy reference subjects, matched for age, sex, and race, were studied. All subjects were lifelong nonsmokers and had no clinical evidence of past or present respiratory disease. Lung function was assessed from the flow-volume curve, single-breath nitrogen washout, static lung elastic recoil, and pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO/VA) and its components: membrane diffusing capacity (Dm/VA) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Qc/VA). The diabetic patients had an increased value for Kst(L) and in Kst(L), the exponential shape constant of the pressure-volume curve compared with that of the reference subjects (Kst(L), 0.184 +/- 0.011 versus 0.135 +/- 0.005; p less than 0.005, mean +/- SEM). The DL/VA was lower in the diabetic subjects (4.62 = 0.12 versus 5.31 +/- 0.10 ml/min/mm Hg/L; p less than 0.001), and this was due to a lower Qc/VA (9.45 +/- 0.43 versus 11.75 +/- 0.35 ml/min; p less than 0.001). The Kst(L) and Qc/VA were correlated with the duration of diabetes. The In Kst(L) was negatively correlated with both DL/VA (r = -0.32, p less than 0.05) and Qc/VA (r = -0.36, p less than 0.05). There was no association between abnormal pulmonary function and the presence of other diabetic complications. It is concluded that there are mild, duration-related abnormalities of lung elastic recoil and pulmonary diffusing capacity and a reduction in pulmonary capillary blood volume in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 3492161 TI - Human alveolar macrophages suppress interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity via the secretion of prostaglandin E2. AB - It has been suggested that human alveolar macrophages have a limited capacity to release interleukin-1 (IL-1). To determine whether this apparent defect in cell function is related to the release of factors that inhibit the response of lymphocytes to IL-1, we evaluated the capacity of human alveolar macrophages to release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a factor that is known to suppress the response of lymphocytes to IL-1. The amount of PGE2 released by alveolar macrophages was dependent on the amount of LPS present in the cultures and the amount of time the cells were present in culture. After 24 h in culture, the alveolar macrophage supernatants contained sufficient amounts of PGE2 to significantly suppress PHA induced lymphocyte proliferation (p less than 0.01), IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation (p less than 0.001), but not IL-2-induced lymphocyte proliferation (p greater than 0.2). Consistent with these observations, only small amounts of IL-1 activity could be detected in 24-h supernatants of LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages using thymocyte proliferation as an assay for IL-1. Using a more sensitive assay for IL-1, however, it was demonstrated that the supernatants of LPS-stimulated macrophages contained amounts of IL-1 that were not significantly different from those present in supernatants of LPS-stimulated monocytes. Indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) completely suppressed the release of PGE2 by alveolar macrophages. These observations suggest that the apparent defect in the release of IL-1 by human alveolar macrophages may be due in part to the release of large amounts of PGE2, which suppresses various lymphocyte functions. PMID- 3492162 TI - Effect of therapy on bleeding rates in gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. AB - Sixteen patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasia requiring transfusion were treated with surgical resection, endoscopic electrocautery, or transfusion alone. Pre- and post-therapy transfusion requirements in each group were compared to gauge the efficacy of each therapy. No superiority of any treatment could be shown statistically. The majority of patients had multiple angiodysplastic lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and, accordingly, complete resolution of bleeding after therapy occurred in fewer than one-half of the patients. PMID- 3492163 TI - [Kniest syndrome. Contribution of a new case]. PMID- 3492165 TI - Lymphocytosis, azurophilic granulation, and polyarthritis. PMID- 3492166 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3492164 TI - Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The effects of broad-spectrum antibiotic and placebo therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in exacerbation were compared in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial. Exacerbations were defined in terms of increased dyspnea, sputum production, and sputum purulence. Exacerbations were followed at 3-day intervals by home visits, and those that resolved in 21 days were designated treatment successes. Treatment failures included exacerbations in which symptoms did not resolve but no intervention was necessary, and those in which the patient's condition deteriorated so that intervention was necessary. Over 3.5 years in 173 patients, 362 exacerbations were treated, 180 with placebo and 182 with antibiotic. The success rate with placebo was 55% and with antibiotic 68%. The rate of failure with deterioration was 19% with placebo and 10% with antibiotic. There was a significant benefit associated with antibiotic. Peak flow recovered more rapidly with antibiotic treatment than with placebo. Side effects were uncommon and did not differ between antibiotic and placebo. PMID- 3492167 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole desensitization in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3492168 TI - Control of dopamine release by dopamine receptors and by impulse flow as studied by in vivo voltammetry. PMID- 3492169 TI - [Treatment of Kawasaki syndrome by intravenous gamma globulins. A medium-term clinical and paraclinical study of 5 cases]. PMID- 3492171 TI - Prostaglandin E2 inhibits the generation of phytohemagglutinin-activated killer activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the generation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated killer (PAK) activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was examined. PBL from normal subjects, when incubated in vitro with PHA, lysed natural killer-resistant Daudi tumor cells during a short-term 51Cr-release assay. The generation of such PAK activity was significantly inhibited in a dose dependent manner by PGE2 added only at the initiation of cultures. However, this inhibition of PAK activity by PGE2 was reversed by the simultaneous addition of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2). These findings suggest the possibility that PGE2 regulates PAK activity in PBL by inhibiting the production of IL-2 by activated T cells. PMID- 3492170 TI - Cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - Interactions between human lymphocytes and target cells are highly variable. Lymphocytes may enter fibroblasts, establish cytoplasmic bridges, and draw material through these bridges from the fibroblasts; these lymphocytes may undergo divisions within the fibroblasts, while the fibroblasts vacuolize and die. In this interaction, the fibroblasts may serve as feeder cells to the lymphocytes without any immunological principle involved. Small (presumably immune T) and large (presumably NK) lymphocytes of tumor-bearing patients lyse either autologous, or allogenic, or both autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. Serum factors can block or intensify these reactions. Healthy donors frequently yield lymphocytes cytotoxic to tumor cells. Serum factors blocking the cytotoxicity of patients' lymphocytes frequently fail to block the cytotoxicity of healthy donors' lymphocytes. PMID- 3492172 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315 S. AB - 6315-S, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. It inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-S did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam resistant Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, or Enterobacter cloacae (MICs for 90% of the strains tested were greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml). Proteus vulgaris resistant to cefotaxime was inhibited. Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter species were resistant (MICs greater than 64 micrograms/ml). MICs for 90% of the Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis isolates were 4 micrograms/ml. 6315-S was highly active against anaerobic species of Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and peptostreptococci and was superior to other agents against these organisms. 6315-S was not hydrolyzed by the major plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases, but it induced chromosomal beta-lactamases in Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3492173 TI - Beta-lactamase-mediated imipenem resistance in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Imipenem has excellent antimicrobial activity owing in part to beta-lactamase stability. We found that only 2 of over 350 Bacteroides fragilis group clinical isolates were resistant to imipenem, with an MIC of more than 16 micrograms/ml. These two isolates from the Tufts Anaerobe Laboratory (TAL) were resistant to all other beta-lactam agents tested. The organisms were able to inactivate imipenem in broth cultures and contained similar beta-lactamases that were able to hydrolyze carbapenems, cephamycins, cephalosporins, and penicillins. The molecular sizes of the beta-lactamases in TAL2480 and TAL3636 were estimated to be 44,000 daltons. The novel beta-lactamase contained Zn2+ as a cofactor. An additional factor contributing to resistance was determined. The outer membranes of these two organisms were found to limit free diffusion of the drugs into the periplasm. This novel beta-lactamase, associated with a barrier to drug permeation, resulted in high-grade beta-lactam drug resistance. PMID- 3492174 TI - Multiply resistant mutants of Enterobacter cloacae selected by beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Mutants of Enterobacter cloacae, selected in vitro with ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, carumonam, or aztreonam, fell into several distinct classes. Three mutants highly resistant to nearly all beta-lactam antibiotics were stably derepressed for beta lactamase production. Although no other changes could be detected, virulence in a mouse septicemia model was decreased in two of these mutants. One mutant, 908 Ssi, showed selectively decreased susceptibility to ampicillin and cefotetan. A change in beta-lactamase expression was thought to be responsible for this. Alterations in the production of two outer membrane proteins with molecular sizes of 36.5 and 39 kilodaltons were responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance in two mutants, both of which acquired a low level of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Whereas one of the mutants, AMA-R, simultaneously acquired resistance to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim, the other, AZT-R, became hypersusceptible to these and other hydrophobic agents. Both strains had drastically reduced virulence in mice. PMID- 3492175 TI - Beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (HR 810), a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. AB - Cefpirome was highly stable to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases, although it was hydrolyzed to some extent by R plasmid-mediated penicillinase of Richmond Sykes type Va/b and by chromosomal cephalosporinases from Bacteroides species. The compound had a very low affinity for cephalosporinases from Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus vulgaris. Cefpirome showed strong antimicrobial activity against eight beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase)-producing strains which have become resistant to broad spectrum cephalosporins; especially against E. cloacae and C. freundii, it had the highest activity among the cephalosporins used. Its activity against ampicillin-resistant R plasmid-containing transconjugant isolates of Escherichia coli was as high as that against the recipient strain E. coli chi 1037. The inducer activity of cefpirome in S. marcescens and P. vulgaris increased dose dependently, whereas cephamycin derivatives showed high inducer activity at low concentrations. A relatively low affinity of cefpirome for beta-lactamases is considered to be one of the reasons for its high antimicrobial activity against such enzyme-producing strains. In addition, other factors such as good penetration through the outer membrane and affinity for the target sites may also be involved in the high activity of cefpirome. PMID- 3492178 TI - Disk diffusion susceptibility of Branhamella catarrhalis and relationship of beta lactam zone size to beta-lactamase production. AB - We tested 231 isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis for beta-lactamase production and drug susceptibility by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards disk diffusion method. The nitrocephin disk (Cefinase) identified beta lactamase in 98% of the enzyme-producing strains, and a zone diameter of inhibition of less than or equal to 29 mm for penicillin correctly predicted the presence of beta-lactamase in 99% of the isolates. No resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was observed. PMID- 3492179 TI - Myocardial protection and right ventricular function. PMID- 3492176 TI - Inhibition of Legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by antimicrobial agents. AB - The activity of serial concentrations of different antimicrobial agents on the multiplication of Legionella pneumophila within human monocyte-derived macrophages was studied. The results led to the definition of a minimal extracellular concentration inhibiting intracellular multiplication (MIEC). According to the MIECs, the antimicrobial agents tested were classified in three groups: very active (MIEC less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), such as erythromycin, rifampin, and pefloxacin; active (1 microgram/ml greater than or equal to MIEC greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml), such as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or doxycycline; and ineffective, such as cefoxitin, which was not active within macrophages at as high as 64 micrograms/ml despite a low MIC (0.2 microgram/ml) on bacterial charcoal-yeast extract agar. The activity of netilmicin was difficult to assess because of its effect on extracellular legionellae. Combinations of erythromycin with rifampin and pefloxacin with erythromycin, rifampin, doxycycline, or netilmicin showed an additive effect and no antagonism. These results obtained in a cellular model are in agreement with the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in experimental infections and in Legionnaires disease. They sustain clinical interest in the new quinolones, such as pefloxacin, and in combinations of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Legionnaires disease. PMID- 3492177 TI - Inactivation of cefoxitin and moxalactam by Bacteroides bivius beta-lactamase. AB - Moxalactam and cefoxitin are known for their high stability against Bacteroides beta-lactamases. We investigated the beta-lactamase activity of crude extracts obtained from three strains of Bacteroides bivius and two strains of Bacteroides fragilis against cefoxitin and moxalactam. In a spectrophotometric antibiotic assay with a 24-h incubation period, B. bivius extracts decreased the initial concentration (10 micrograms/ml) of moxalactam and cefoxitin by 60%, whereas B. fragilis extracts had no effect. In a microbiological assay, when B. bivius or B. fragilis extracts were added to cephalothin (10 micrograms/ml) or cefamandole (4 micrograms/ml), we observed complete disappearance of the inhibitory zones against the indicator strain (Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124). Only the B. bivius extracts were able to decrease the inhibitory activity (from 10 to 100%) of cefoxitin and moxalactam (each at 10 micrograms/ml). Prior addition of clavulanic acid to crude extracts prevented the losses of antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the inhibition of the beta-lactamase hydrolysis of nitrocefin by cefoxitin or moxalactam was prevented by a 12-h preincubation of the beta-lactam with the B. bivius extracts but not with the B. fragilis extracts. Finally, with the B. bivius strain producing the most beta-lactamase, we showed an effect of inoculum size on the MICs of cefoperazone, cefoxitin, and moxalactam with a broth dilution technique. Increasing the inoculum size with the B. fragilis strains had no effect on the MISs of cefoxitin and moxalactam. These results indicate a slow and clavulanate-sensitive beta-lactamase activity of B. bivius extracts against cefoxitin and moxalactam. PMID- 3492180 TI - Complete heart block as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Complete heart block is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as other rheumatic diseases. We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with complete heart block as the initial manifestation of the disease. Anti-Sjogren's syndrome antibodies as well as antiribonucleoprotein antibodies were present in the patient's serum. PMID- 3492181 TI - Effect of an educational intervention on oral cephalosporin use in primary care. AB - The prescribing of oral cephalosporin antibiotics in an ambulatory setting was evaluated before and after an educational intervention. A drug utilization review used previously developed criteria to study the indications, processes, complications, and outcome for oral cephalosporins in the outpatient setting. Baseline data were collected for one year in the initial phase of the study. Only one prescription (1.4%) in the initial phase (0.96% of the total) met the criteria for appropriate use. However, during the year after an educational intervention by a clinical pharmacist explaining the proper use of oral cephalosporins, the prescribing of these agents decreased substantially. Educational strategies in medical schools and residency programs that seek to improve drug-prescribing behavior should combine drug utilization review programs with specific education about the appropriate use of pharmacologic agents. PMID- 3492182 TI - The association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. AB - To evaluate the risk of developing upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a retrospective (historical) cohort study was performed, using a computerized data base including 1980 billing data from all Medicaid patients in the states of Michigan and Minnesota. Comparing 47,136 exposed patients to 44,634 unexposed patients, the unadjusted relative risk for developing UGI bleeding 30 days after exposure to a NSAID was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.0). Univariate analyses demonstrated associations between UGI bleeding and age, sex, state, alcohol-related diagnoses, preexisting abdominal conditions, and use of anticoagulants. This association between NSAIDs and UGI bleeding was unchanged after adjusting for these potential confounding variables using logistic regression. A linear dose-response relationship and a quadratic duration-response relationship were demonstrated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with UGI bleeding, although the magnitude of the increased risk is reassuringly small. PMID- 3492184 TI - [Immunogenicity of intradermal BCG Pasteur vaccine administered intradermally in infants less than 2 years old]. PMID- 3492183 TI - B-cell activation and immunoregulation in end-stage renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis. AB - B-lymphocyte functions were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of end stage renal disease patients undergoing intermittent hemodialysis for longer than two years. T-cell-dependent B lymphocyte proliferation after pokeweed mitogen stimulation was low in half of the hemodialyzed patients. T cell-independent B cell response to Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I, was also significantly reduced. Spontaneous production of immunoglobulin in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of uremic patients was comparable with that of healthy controls, but pokeweed mitogen-stimulated antibody secretion was significantly reduced with cells from patients undergoing hemodialysis. Helper T-cell functions in B-cell activation were also qualitatively deficient in uremic patients. It is concluded that B-cell activation and immunoregulation is defective in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. PMID- 3492185 TI - The evaluation of prognostic value of immunological markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after intensification of treatment schedule. AB - In 92 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) immunological markers were evaluated after intensification of the initial treatment. The comparison of the present and previous results showed that with intensification of induction and consolidation therapy, the equally good outcome for T-ALL and non-T, non-B ALL could be achieved. The failure of the therapy in B-disease suggested the need of elaboration of a new strategy for B subset of ALL. PMID- 3492186 TI - Effect of proline-rich polypeptide on experimental autoimmune response to erythrocytes. AB - PRP administration in parallel with RRBC injections increased the AEAP in mice, as did adult thymectomy carried out six weeks before the RRBC injections. On the other hand, PRP administration to thymectomized mice during immunization with RRBC decreased the intensity of AEAP to the level observed in intact, RRBC immunized controls. The number of ARFC among non-B lymphocytes in peripheral blood was increased in mice immunized with RRBC compared to those in non immunized animals. PRP administration during immunization with RRBC or adult thymectomy lowered their number below the values in non-immune animals and non-B ARFC number comparable to those in control, immunized animals was observed in thymectomized mice injected with PRP in parallel with RRBC. The values of ARFC among the NAL were higher than among the non-B lymphocytes but their shifts in the individual experimental groups were in the same direction as among the non-B lymphocytes. However, their shifts after thymectomy and/or PRP treatment were in opposition to those of the intensity of AEAP in the respective experimental groups. PMID- 3492187 TI - Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a serodiagnostic tool- clinical and epidemiological aspects of pneumocystosis in young infants. PMID- 3492189 TI - [The differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and interleukin 1 production by alveolar macrophages in patients with collagen-vascular diseases complicated with interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 3492188 TI - Effect of blood transfusions on immune function. III. Alterations in macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism. AB - Blood transfusions have been shown to prevent allograft rejection, to increase the rate of tumor growth, and to increase susceptibility to infectious complications. We evaluated the mechanism of this immunosuppression by studying the effect of transfusions on macrophage function in a Lewis rat model. Allogeneic transfusions were found to decrease macrophage migration in response to inflammatory stimuli and to increase their production of the strongly immunosuppressive arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E. Syngeneic transfusions did not alter macrophage migration or arachidonic acid metabolism. The immunosuppression seen following transfusions appears to be related to an increased synthesis of prostaglandin E. PMID- 3492191 TI - Pale-centered retinal hemorrhages following vitrectomy. Case report. PMID- 3492190 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. AB - Literature data on etiology, immune disorders, pathological anatomy of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was analysed. AIDS is a low-contagious disease, is most likely caused by retrovirus HTLV-III affecting a subpopulation of T-lymphocytes helpers. The disease develops in a small number of persons with antibodies to the mentioned virus, first of all, in homosexuals, drug addicts using parenteral administration of drugs; in patients with hemophilia. The progress of the disease is relatively slow, but at present the outcome of most AIDS cases is fatal. The main cause of mortality is association of intercurrent infectious diseases (viral, parasitic, fungal, bacterial) on the background of the impaired immunity. The autopsy picture is non-specific. The authors pay attention to the high frequency of Kaposi sarcoma among the patients with AIDS. Besides such diagnostic features as presence of antibodies to HTLV-III retrovirus and the clinical picture one should take into account changes in the lymph nodes, presence of viral particles in their bioptates, a high level of alpha-thymosin, a drastic reduction of T-lymphocytes in blood and especially of T-lymphocytes helpers. PMID- 3492193 TI - Cancer in general practice. PMID- 3492192 TI - Corneal immunoglobulin deposition in the posterior stroma. A case report including immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. AB - Corneal buttons from a patient with bilateral, central, deeply located white corneal deposits that resembled the clinical description of filiform dystrophy were examined by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. With light microscopy, the acidophilic fusiform deposits were seen to be oriented parallel to the stromal lamellae and were mostly in the pre-Descemet region. Immunohistochemical studies disclosed that the stromal lesions stained positively for IgG and lambda light chain. With electron microscopy, the immunoglobulin deposits within the deep corneal stroma appeared to be locally synthesized by the keratocytes. Recent examination of the patient's serum failed to disclose dysproteinemia. PMID- 3492194 TI - Inhibition of complement-mediated solubilisation of antigen-antibody complexes by serum factor(s) in patients with various connective tissue diseases. AB - Control of immune complex formation is important to limit disease resulting from their deposition in tissues. Any inhibition of immune complex solubilisation is thus significant in the pathogenesis of immune complex diseases. More than half of our patients with various rheumatic connective tissue diseases were demonstrated to have serum inhibition of immune complex solubilisation (12/16 rheumatoid arthritis, 22/37 systemic lupus erythematosus, 16/29 primary Sjogren's syndrome, and eight of nine with mixed connective tissue disease). This serum inhibitory activity did not correlate well with serum levels of IgM rheumatoid factor or circulating immune complexes, and its nature remains to be elucidated. PMID- 3492195 TI - Forskolin sensitizes human platelet adenylate cyclase to modulation of substrate (MgATP) affinity by hormones. AB - Stimulation of human platelet adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin is associated with a decrease in the apparent substrate (MgATP) affinity of the enzyme. Addition of the stimulatory hormone prostaglandin E1 not only further increased the Vmax. of the forskolin-stimulated platelet adenylate cyclase but also caused a further increase in the Km value for MgATP, by up to 20-fold compared with basal conditions. On the other hand, the inhibitory hormone adrenaline decreased not only the Vmax. but also the Km value of the platelet adenylate cyclase stimulated by forskolin, with or without prostaglandin E1 present. The data indicate that forskolin sensitizes human platelet adenylate cyclase to modulation of substrate (MgATP) affinity by hormones, but there is no such effect in the absence of the diterpene. PMID- 3492196 TI - The association behaviour of beta-lactamases. Sedimentation equilibrium studies in ammonium sulphate solutions. AB - The beta-lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) from TEM plasmid RP4, Bacillus licheniformis 749/C and Enterobacter cloacae P99 were studied in solution over a wide concentration range by equilibrium sedimentation. Though crystal symmetries indicate that all three enzymes are potentially dimeric in their crystal forms, in 50 mM-sodium cacodylate at pH 6.5 the enzymes show only a small tendency to associate, indicated by a weight-average Mr (Mw) at 3% (w/v) concentration about 9% greater than that of the monomer. Although the mode of association could not be determined, this extent of association corresponded to a dimerization constant of about 2 X 10(2) M-1. In 2.1 M-(NH4)2SO4 the B. licheniformis enzyme shows some association at concentrations over 1%, displaying an Mw value at 7% concentration about 60% more than the monomer. Under the same conditions Mw for the Entero. P99 enzyme is about 60% greater than the monomer near the solubility limit of about 2%. However, the Mw for the TEM enzyme is over twice that of the monomer at its solubility limit (3%) in 1.7 M-(NH4)2SO4. Fitting the sedimentation data of the TEM enzyme in 1.7 M-(NH4)2SO4 with a dimerization model and an indefinite isodesmic-association model yielded equilibrium constants of 1.5 X 10(4) and 3.3 X 10(2) M-1 respectively, with the indefinite-isodesmic model giving the better fit. Fitting the data for the other two enzymes yielded values of 1.4 X 10(3) and 1.7 X 10(2) M-1 respectively for the Entero. P99 enzyme and 4.5 X 10(2) and 45 M 1 respectively for the B. licheniformis enzyme. It could not be determined which model was the better fit for these two enzymes. Since none of the beta-lactamases studied here showed strong evidence of the terminal aggregate being a dimer, we conclude that crystalline dimers, if they exist, will not be tightly associated or physiologically significant. PMID- 3492197 TI - Reversible deactivation of beta-lactamase by quinacillin. Extent of the conformational change in the isolated transitory complex. AB - Conditions have been established where the deactivation of the beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 by the penicillin substrate, quinacillin, is close to complete but fully reversible. The temperature-dependence of the rate of re activation indicated a half-life of about 170 min for the deactivated state at 0 degrees C. Measurement of the relative viscosity of mixtures of enzyme and quinacillin at 8.4 degrees C ruled out any significant difference in shape or solvation between the deactivated and the normal enzyme. C.d. measurements of the deactivated protein, separated from excess quinacillin, showed that the quinacillin side-chain chromophore was bound in an asymmetric environment. The ellipticity associated with the bound quinacillin chromophore decreased with the same first-order rate constant as that for reappearance of enzyme activity. These findings support the accumulation of a deactivated state that contains bound quinacillin or a derivative. Quinacillin caused a 3-fold increase in the rate of 3H exchange-out (at a rate that was low compared with that for the substantially unfolded or expanded protein). However, there was rapid exchange-out of about 50 3H atoms on addition of 1 M-urea to the deactivated enzyme, whereas the same concentration had no effect on the exchange-out of 3H from native enzyme. The interpretation that quinacillin increases the susceptibility of the native state to unfolding in the presence of urea is supported by the demonstration that SO4(2)- ions decreased the rate and extent of deactivation but had no effect on the rate of re-activation, as predicted from the observation that SO4(2)- ions, in competition with urea, stabilize the native state relative to the partially unfolded state H [Mitchinson & Pain (1985) J. Mol. Biol. 184, 331-342]. PMID- 3492198 TI - Influence of elastin on the inhibition of leucocyte elastase by alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and bronchial inhibitor. Potent inhibition of elastin-bound elastase by bronchial inhibitor. AB - We have investigated the effect of human lung elastin on the inhibition of human leucocyte elastase by human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and bronchial inhibitor. Elastin was unable to dissociate the elastase-inhibitor complexes during the 150 min of the elastolysis reaction. When elastase was added to mixtures of elastin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, it was fully bound to the latter. The competition between elastin and bronchial inhibitor was also in favour of the latter, but a 1.5 molar excess of inhibitor over elastase was required to achieve total binding of the enzyme. About 25% of elastin-bound elastase was found to be resistant to the inhibitory effect of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. The major isoenzyme and the mixture of the three minor isoenzymes of elastase exhibited similar behaviour. By contrast, bronchial inhibitor was as efficient in inhibiting the elastin-bound elastase as it was in inhibiting the free enzyme. This inhibitor was also able to inhibit fully the fraction of elastin-bound elastase that was resistant to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. We also describe a rapid procedure for the isolation of gram quantities of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 3492199 TI - Articular cartilage cultured with interleukin 1. Increased release of link protein, hyaluronate-binding region and other proteoglycan fragments. AB - Pig articular cartilage was maintained in culture for 3 days with and without porcine interleukin 1. The proteoglycans remaining in the cartilage and those released into the medium were analysed by using radioimmunoassays for the hyaluronate-binding region, link protein and keratan sulphate. In interleukin 1 treated cultures after 3 days there was 38% release of total glycosaminoglycans into the medium, 18% release of binding region, 14% release of link protein and 20% release of keratan sulphate epitope, whereas in control cultures the proportions released were much less (16, 9, 10 and 7% respectively). Characterization of the proteoglycans in the media after 1.5 days and 3 days of culture showed that interleukin 1 promoted the release of proteoglycan of large average size and also the release of link protein and of low-Mr binding region which was unattached to proteoglycan. Both the link protein and binding region released were able to bind to exogenously added hyaluronate, whereas the proteoglycan in the medium was not. The proteoglycans extracted from cultured cartilage were similar to those from fresh cartilage: they contained a high proportion of aggregating proteoglycans and some low-Mr binding region. The proportion of this binding region extracted from the interleukin 1-treated cartilage was increased. The presence of interleukin 1 in the cultures therefore appeared to increase the rate of proteolytic degradation of proteoglycan in the matrix and to lead to a more rapid loss of intact binding region, of link protein and of large proteoglycan fragments into the medium. PMID- 3492201 TI - Structural characterization and exposure of aromatic residues in epidermal growth factor from the rat. AB - Aromatic amino acid residues in epidermal growth factor (EGF) isolated from the rat have been investigated by proton n.m.r. and nuclear Overhauser methods at 500 MHz and by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo c.i.d.n.p.) experiments at 360 MHz. Rat EGF contains six aromatic residues, i.e. one histidine and five tyrosine residues. pH titration data allow identification of the histidine imidazole ring protons, whereas two-dimensional n.m.r. correlated spectroscopy establishes connectivities between tyrosine ring (2,6) and (3,5) proton resonances. Photo-c.i.d.n.p. data give evidence for solvent exposure of the one histidine and the five tyrosine residues in rat EGF. Nuclear Overhauser experiments and pH titration data suggest proximity relationships among four of the tyrosine residues and the histidine residue. These data indicate the presence of a clustered, aromatic, structural domain on the protein surface and may provide a clue to the understanding of the functional structure of EGF. PMID- 3492200 TI - Isomers of inositol trisphosphate in exocrine pancreas. AB - In rat pancreatic acinar cells, the Ca2+-mobilizing receptor-agonist, caerulein, at both maximal and submaximal concentrations, stimulated a rapid, transient, increase in [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [(1,4,5)IP3], followed by a slower, sustained, increase in [3H]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate [(1,3,4)IP3]. Neither activation of protein kinase C by phorbol dibutyrate nor prevention of the caerulein-stimulated elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+] significantly affected the pattern of formation of the two isomers of IP3. Although carbachol evoked an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+], it did not significantly stimulate [3H](1,4,5)IP3 accumulation, but did promote [3H](1,3,4)IP3 accumulation. Moreover, both carbachol and caerulein maintained hormone-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ pools in a Ca2+-depleted state after [3H](1,4,5)IP3 had returned to basal concentrations. One interpretation of these findings is that total cellular concentrations of [3H](1,4,5)IP3 may not accurately reflect the concentration of this putative mediator in biologically relevant compartments. PMID- 3492203 TI - The effects of chronic administration of T4, growth hormone and epidermal growth factor on hepatic lipogenic enzymes in hypophysectomised rats. AB - The effect of daily injections of T4, growth hormone and epidermal growth factor on the activities of the 3 hepatic enzymes malic enzyme (E.C.1.1.1.40), 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.44) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.49) in hypophysectomised rats was examined. T4 was shown to increase the activity of malic enzyme in a dose dependent manner from a basal level of 3.55 mumol/min/liver to 48.97 mumol/min/liver at a dose of 75 micrograms/Kg/day. A smaller increase in the activity of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was also observed over the same range of T4 dosage. Growth hormone in the current study increased the total liver enzyme activity of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase by 84% when given with a replacement dose of 35 micrograms T4/kg/day and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity by 19%. PMID- 3492202 TI - Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha and beta stimulate mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) to produce macrophage-colony stimulating activity and prostaglandin E2. AB - The effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1) on MC3T3-E1 cells (clonal osteoblast-like cells established from mouse calvaria) were studied to elucidate the mechanism of IL-1-induced bone resorption. Recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) and beta (rhIL-1 beta) stimulated PGE2 production in MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose dependent manner. rhIL-1 alpha and 1 beta also stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells to produce macrophage-colony stimulating activity (M-CSA) in a dose-dependent manner. Indomethacin completely abolished PGE2 production but did not affect CSA. These results suggest that bone resorption induced by IL-1s is at least in part mediated by PGE2 produced by osteoblasts, and that M-CSA produced by osteoblasts may synergistically potentiate bone resorption by recruiting osteoclast precursors. PMID- 3492204 TI - 2',5'-Phosphodiesterase activity depends upon the presence of a 3'-hydroxyl moiety in the penultimate position of the oligonucleotide substrate. AB - 3'-Deoxyadenosine (3'dA, cordycepin)-substituted analogs of 2-5A core 5' monophosphate (p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A) were examined for their sensitivity toward degradation by the 2'-phosphodiesterase activity in cytoplasmic extracts of mouse L cells. The analogs, p5'(3'dA)-2'p5'A2'p5'A, p5'(3'dA)2'p5'A2'p5'(3'dA) and p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'(3'dA) were degraded at a rate comparable to p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A itself. On the other hand, under the assay conditions examined p5'A2'p5'(3'dA)2'p5'A, like p5'(3'dA)2'p5'(3'dA)2'p5'(3'dA), was completely resistant to degradation. The data imply that sensitivity to the 2',5' phosphodiesterase activity of mouse L cells requires the presence of 3'-hydroxyl moiety in the penultimate nucleotide. PMID- 3492205 TI - Stabilization and partial characterization of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - The extreme lability of the chemically undefined vasoregulatory mediator, endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), has been overcome. The activity of EDRF, from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells stimulated with A23187, was stabilized by acidification. An additional action of EDRF, platelet disaggregation was used as a sensitive and convenient bioassay to monitor purification. EDRF appears to be a hydrophilic molecule, rapidly inactivated under alkaline conditions. However, activity is restored upon reacidification suggesting that this instability results from a readily reversible chemical process. The stabilization and partial purification of EDRF sets the stage for its further biochemical and chemical characterization. PMID- 3492207 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor in response to Staphylococcus aureus, by lymphocytes from healthy adults. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 healthy adults were tested in vitro for the production of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) or pokeweed mitogen. Fifteen of the 20 normal subjects produced greater than or equal to 4 ng/ml IgM-RF (mean +/- SD 46 +/- 55 ng/ml) in response to SAC, compared with only 2 of 20 who produced greater than or equal to 4 ng/ml IgM-RF (mean +/- SD 2 +/- 4 ng/ml) in response to pokeweed mitogen (P = 0.0001). Separation and reconstitution of autologous T and B cell-enriched fractions, with and without prior T cell irradiation, provided evidence for a radiosensitive T helper/inducer cell involved in the IgM-RF response to SAC in 70% of the normal subjects studied. SAC appears to be a potent stimulus of IgM-RF production, with a cellular mechanism distinct from that of other in vitro systems. PMID- 3492206 TI - Interleukin-1 inhibits the synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts. AB - Human dermal fibroblasts, exposed to human or porcine Interleukin-1, responded by an inhibition of collagen synthesis in a dose dependent manner. Incubation with Il-1 for more than 8 h was required to see an appreciable effect. The phenomenon was not dependent on the presence of serum in the culture medium. Since a stimulation of prostaglandin E2 secretion was also observed in presence of Il-1, we investigated the eventual role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the phenomenon. Inhibitors interfering with arachidonate metabolism, namely indomethacin, acetyl salicylic acid, BW 755 C and NDGA had no influence on the inhibition of collagen synthesis caused by Il-1. These data suggest that both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase derived metabolites of arachidonic acid are unlikely to play a role in the mechanism. PMID- 3492208 TI - Hypocomplementemia with low C1s-C1 inhibitor complex in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Ninety-three serum and plasma samples from 45 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed for the complex formed by C1s and its inhibitor, as well as for C3, C4, C4a desarginine, and staphylococcal protein A-bound immune complexes. There were statistically significant correlations between C1s-C1 inhibitor complex and CH50, between C1s-C1 inhibitor complex and C4, and between C1s-C1 inhibitor complex and C4a desarginine. Serial studies were performed on 24 patients over a period of 6 months. Seven of 21 patients with hypocomplementemia had persistently normal levels of C1s-C1 inhibitor complex, 7 had transiently abnormal levels of C1s-C1 inhibitor complex, and 7 had sustained abnormal levels of C1s-C1 inhibitor complex. Two of 3 pregnant patients with normal levels of complement had abnormal levels of C1s-C1 inhibitor complex. Staphylococcal protein A-bound immune complexes demonstrated no correlation with any of the complement assays. Complement activation, as measured by C1s-C1 inhibitor complex, is often a transient phenomenon in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with persistent hypocomplementemia. PMID- 3492209 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis in families with two distinct B27 haplotypes: a selective association. AB - Five families whose members had 2 distinct B27 haplotypes, and in which numerous members had ankylosing spondylitis (AS), were studied to see whether, in each family, both B27 haplotypes were associated with similar risks for the development of AS. In 4 of the 5 families, all family members with AS (4, 2, 3, and 2 individuals, respectively) shared the same B27 haplotype; however, 1 was homozygous for HLA-B27 and carried both haplotypes. By statistical analysis, we showed that the B27 haplotype carried by the eldest member with AS in each family was more likely to be associated with disease. If additional genetic factors play a role in the development of AS, these preliminary findings suggest that they are probably located around the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3492210 TI - The immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of trichosanthin-an abortifacient protein isolated from tian-hua-fen (Trichosanthes kirilowii). AB - Trichosanthin, a basic protein purified from the root tuber of Trichosanthes kirilowii, has been used effectively in China to induce midterm abortion in humans. In this paper, we show that trichosanthin at non-cytotoxic concentrations markedly inhibited the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response and the generation of a primary alloreactive CTL response in vitro. Similarly, the production of IL-2 by Con A activated splenocytes and the in vitro effector functions of macrophages were also significantly suppressed. In contrast, the cytolytic activity of CTL and NK cells was unimpaired. Moreover, the in vivo activation of NK cells was not significantly altered by a single injection of a non-toxic microgram amount of trichosanthin into mice. However, other immune reactivities such as the induction of a DTH response and the humoral antibody formation to SRBC were markedly depressed. Our data suggest that trichosanthin is a potent immunosuppressive protein that could affect humoral immunity and a variety of cell-mediated processes. In addition, our preliminary results show that this abortifacient protein could also inhibit the growth of a murine malignant tumour (MBL-2), both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3492211 TI - 14th immunology forum. Antigen processing and presentation. PMID- 3492212 TI - [HPLC analysis of miokamycin and its principle impurities]. PMID- 3492213 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by middle ear macrophages. AB - Because macrophage dysfunction has been suggested as one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for otitis media with effusion, we have examined macrophage bacterial interactions using keyhole limpet hemocyanin-induced middle ear macrophages from chinchillas. Our data indicate that macrophages recruited to the middle ear were functional phagocytes capable of discriminate phagocytosis and intracellular killing of eight species of bacteria associated with otitis media, as determined by a fluorochrome microassay. Streptococcus pneumoniae types 14 and 19F, which are associated with the highest relapse frequency in cases of acute otitis media, were the most resistant to phagocytosis. The two organisms most often involved in chronic otitis media (Staphylococcus epidermidis and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae), however, were among the most readily phagocytized isolates. The relative importance of macrophage function in defense of the middle ear, therefore, may be dependent on the causative agent. PMID- 3492214 TI - Successful medical treatment of a corneal ulcer due to Acanthamoeba polyphaga. AB - A 19-year-old man, who was a soft contact lens wearer for correction of myopia, presented with right corneal ulceration. The diagnosis of Acanthamoeba polyphaga infection was made by culture and serology. In-vitro sensitivity tests suggested that the organism was sensitive to Neosporin (polymyxin, neomycin and gramicidin) and natamycin. Topical therapy with these agents resulted in complete healing of the corneal ulcer in two months. To our knowledge, our patient is the only case of successful medical treatment of this condition that has achieved a good visual result. PMID- 3492216 TI - The distribution of alcohol consumption--30 years on. PMID- 3492215 TI - Extracorporeal cellular immunotherapy. PMID- 3492217 TI - Synthetic prostaglandins--have they a place in rheumatology? PMID- 3492220 TI - [Study of the mechanics and small-angle equatorial x-ray pattern of the frog skeletal muscle during transition and rigor at different temperatures]. AB - Mechanical characteristics and low-angle equatorial X-ray patterns from frog sartorius muscle passing into iodoacetate rigor under isometric conditions at temperatures 2 degrees-25 degrees C were studied. It is ascertained that during the rigor tension development at all the temperatures Z-reflection intensity increases and those of the (10), (11), (20), (21) and (30) reflections decrease. The last three reflections disappear then still in the phase of the rigor tension development. It is found that the sarcomere lengths remain not always invariable, especially at high temperatures, when the muscle passes into rigor, and can both decrease and increase in the sample place which is investigated by means of X-ray diffraction method. It is shown that the decrease of the I10/I11 relation in some experiments at high temperatures is only due to the sarcomere length decrease. The merging time of the Z and (11) reflections depends both on the temperature and on the sarcomere length change. Thus essential changes correlated with the rigor tension development, and resulted in the Z-reflection intensity increase take place in tetragonal lattice of Z-band and in the I-band region located near Z-band. In A-band the hexagonal lattice order change for the worse is marked only. It is proposed that the mechanism of the rigor tension development differs from that of tension development in ordinary contraction of the skeletal muscle. PMID- 3492219 TI - Inhibition of cell proliferation by putative metabolites and non-degradable analogs of methotrexate-gamma-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine. AB - Previous investigations have shown that untargeted liposomes, in which methotrexate is anchored to the lipid bilayers as methotrexate-gamma dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (methotrexate-gamma-DMPE), can inhibit in vitro cell proliferation. To test the possibility that this inhibition may involve extracellular metabolism of methotrexate-gamma-DMPE, we have degraded it chemically (dilute alkali) or enzymatically (phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase C plus phosphatase), and assayed the products using human lymphoblastoid T cells or a subline that has a defective methotrexate transport system. Neither methotrexate-gamma-(1-myristoyl)-glycerophosphorylethanolamine, methotrexate-gamma-glycerophosphorylethanolamine, methotrexate-gamma phosphorylethanolamine, nor methotrexate-gamma-ethanolamine resemble methotrexate gamma-DMPE sensitized liposomes or the free derivative in their ability to block tritiated deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA. When added extracellularly, these putative metabolites manifest a higher ID50 concentration and/or, unlike the liposomes or unincorporated methotrexate-gamma-DMPE, utilize the methotrexate transport system to enter cells. Additionally, we have synthesized methotrexate gamma-dihexadecylphosphatidylethanolamine and methotrexate-gamma hexadecylphosphorylethanolamine, analogs of methotrexate-gamma-DMPE that cannot be hydrolyzed by phospholipases A2, C and D; liposomes prepared with these derivatives are markedly less potent cytotoxic agents than methotrexate-gamma DMPE sensitized liposomes. All together, these results are consistent with the conclusion that methotrexate-gamma-DMPE must undergo intracellular metabolism to exert optimal inhibition; they also bear on possible mechanisms by which methotrexate-gamma-DMPE may enter cells. PMID- 3492218 TI - Characterisation of a new murine B cell lymphoma. AB - The characterisation of a new murine B cell lymphoma, A31, is described. Histopathological examination of passaged tumour indicates that initial infiltration occurs in the spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and liver, while in the terminal phase the bone marrow, gonads and occasionally the central nervous system become involved. The terminal spread is coincidental with the leukaemic phase in the tumour. The tumour cells show typical B cell characteristics in vitro. These include surface immunoglobulin (Ig) of mu, kappa isotype, surface Ia, Thy-1 negativity and an increased uptake of tritiated thymidine following incubation with lipopolysaccharide. A31 cells secrete low levels of IgM into the tissue culture fluid. Short-term culture produced only 100 ng IgM per 10(7) cells over 8 h and no tumour-associated monoclonal band could be detected in the serum of tumour-bearing mice. Chromosomal karyotypes of A31 cells gave model numbers 2n=40 normal, and 2n=41, with partial trisomy of chromosome 2, and trisomy of 17. There was loss of a chromosome 6 and the Y chromosome, together with the translocation of part of an 11 to one of the two unidentified marker chromosomes. The responses of lymphoma-bearing mice to therapeutic levels of cyclophosphamide and vincristine sulphate and also to whole body X-radiation are illustrated. This tumour may help in unravelling the complex biology of B cell lymphoma and because of its low level of Ig secretion, be of particular value in experimental immunotherapy. PMID- 3492221 TI - Representation of time-dependent correlation and recurrence time functions. A new method to analyse non-stationary point processes. AB - Correlation functions based on time averaging are not suited to study non stationary point processes (e.g. the electric organ discharge activity of weakly electric pulse fish). To overcome this problem, we present here a time-dependent correlation method, which can also be applied to study complicated correlations of moderately non-stationary point processes (e.g. neuronal spike trains). Indication of recurrence time aspects of the point processes provides a more complete representation of the correlation functions. In addition higher order correlations between two point processes are represented. PMID- 3492222 TI - Epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of von Willebrand's disease. AB - To evaluate the prevalence of von Willebrand's disease (vWd) we carried out an epidemiological investigation among school children of the Veneto region in northern Italy. A total of 1,218 of 1,281 possible children participated in the study. They were 11 to 14 years of age, and all attended secondary schools in two distinct small areas, 70 km apart, between which there is no social contact. A blood sample was taken from each subject for determination of the blood group and von Willebrand factor (vWf) level (measured as ristocetin cofactor and expressed in IU/dL after calibration of the internal pool against an international standard), and the parents were given a questionnaire concerning hemorrhagic symptoms in the members of the family in the last three generations. Separate normal ranges were calculated for blood group O and non-O subjects (1,166 children and 289 adults) with a nonparametric method because the distribution curves of the reference values did not fit the gaussian distribution. Diagnoses of vWd were considered only for children who had low vWf levels and were members of a family with a convincing bleeding history (case of "probable vWd"). A final diagnosis was assigned if, in addition to these criteria, at least one other family member on the side with hemorrhagic history had a low vWf level. Of the 1,218 children examined, ten were classified as having vWd (0.82%). Taking into account the 90% confidence interval for the lower limit of the normal range, this figure could range from 7 (0.57%) to 14 (1.15%). All these subjects were mildly to moderately affected and presented features of heterozygous classic vWd (type I). Affected subjects were distributed evenly in the two areas examined. Our results suggest that the prevalence of vWd might be much higher than previously reported and that a different screening approach might be of use for patients with mild bleeding diathesis. PMID- 3492223 TI - Interrelationship between mitosis and endomitosis in cultures of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells. AB - Sera from dogs rendered aplastic by total-body irradiation stimulate human bone marrow megakaryocyte progenitors to form megakaryocyte colonies in plasma clot cultures. In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of varying concentrations of such sera on both the mitotic and endomitotic phases of human megakaryocyte development in vitro. When low concentrations of aplastic canine sera (2.5% to 5.0% [vol/vol]) were added to cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in place of normal AB serum, megakaryocyte colony formation was augmented fivefold, cell numbers per colony increased approximately 2.5-fold, and the geometric mean megakaryocyte ploidy almost doubled. Further increasing the aplastic canine serum concentration from 10% to 30% (vol/vol) stimulated no additional colony formation. However, there was a further augmentation of cell numbers per colony associated with a progressive decrease in the mean megakaryocyte ploidy. Megakaryocyte cultures were harvested after 7, 12, 15, and 19 days of incubation, and these demonstrated that the lower mean ploidy values found at the higher concentrations of aplastic canine serum did not result from delayed endoreduplication. At all aplastic serum concentrations evaluated, there existed a strong correlation between nuclear ploidy and cell diameter. We conclude that both the mitotic and endomitotic events in human megakaryocytopoiesis may be influenced by a factor or factors present in aplastic canine serum. At lower in vitro concentrations, such sera stimulate both mitosis and endomitosis, which promotes the development of megakaryocyte colonies composed of larger cells with a higher mean ploidy. With increasing aplastic serum concentrations, colony formation plateaus and mitosis is favored over endomitosis. This results in colonies composed of more numerous but smaller megakaryocytes with a lower mean ploidy. Our data suggest that the size and extent of polyploidization that can be achieved by a developing megakaryocyte may be influenced by the mitotic prior history of its immediate precursor cell. PMID- 3492224 TI - Monoclonal antibody 1F5 (anti-CD20) serotherapy of human B cell lymphomas. AB - Four patients with refractory malignant B cell lymphomas were treated with continuous intravenous (IV) infusions of murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 1F5 (anti-CD20) over five to ten days. Dose-dependent levels of free serum 1F5 were detected in all patients. Two patients had circulating tumor cells and in both cases 90% of malignant cells were eliminated from the blood stream within four hours of initiation of serotherapy. Antigenic modulation did not occur, and sustained reduction of circulating tumor cells was observed throughout the duration of the infusions. Serial bone marrow aspirations and lymph node biopsies were examined by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques to ascertain MoAb penetration into extravascular sites. High doses (100 to 800 mg/m2/d and high serum 1F5 levels (13 to 190 micrograms/mL) were required to coat tumor cells in these compartments in contrast to the low doses that were adequate for depletion of circulating cells. Clinical response appeared to correlate with dose of MoAb administered with progressive disease (52 mg), stable disease (104 mg), minor response (1,032 mg), and partial response (2,380 mg) observed in consecutive patients. The patient treated with the highest 1F5 dose achieved a 90% reduction in evaluable lymph node disease, but the duration of this remission was brief (six weeks). This study demonstrates that high doses of 1F5 can be administered to patients with negligible toxicity by continuous infusion and that clinical responses can be obtained in patients given greater than 1 g of unmodified antibody over a ten-day period. PMID- 3492225 TI - Shear-induced platelet aggregation requires von Willebrand factor and platelet membrane glycoproteins Ib and IIb-IIIa. AB - Different types of platelets in various types of plasma were subjected to levels of shear stress that produce irreversible platelet aggregation in normal platelet rich plasma (PRP). At shear stresses of 90 or 180 dyne/cm2 applied for 30 seconds or five minutes, aggregation was either absent or only transient and reversible using severe von Willebrand's disease (vWD) PRP (less than 1% von Willebrand factor, vWF); Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) PRP (platelets deficient in the membrane glycoprotein Ib, GPIb); normal PRP plus monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to GPIb; thrombasthenic PRP (platelets deficient in membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, GPIIb-IIIa); and normal PRP plus MoAb to GPIIb-IIIa. Shear-induced aggregation was inhibited under the above conditions, even though the platelets were activated to release their granular contents. Sheared normal platelets in vWD plasma aggregated in response to added vWF. These studies demonstrate that the formation of stable platelet aggregates under conditions of high shear requires vWF and the availability of both GPIb and GPIIb-IIIa on platelet membranes. The experiments demonstrate that vWF-platelet interactions can occur in the absence of artificial agonists or chemical modification of vWF. They suggest a possible mechanism for platelet aggregation in stenosed or partially obstructed arterial vessels in which the platelets are subjected to relatively high levels of shear stress. PMID- 3492226 TI - Studies of a mechanism inhibiting the initiation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. AB - We have extended earlier studies (Blood 66:204, 1985) of a mechanism of inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor activity that requires a plasma component (called herein extrinsic pathway inhibitor or EPI) and factor Xa. An activated peptide release assay using 3H-factor IX as a substrate was used to evaluate inhibition. Increasing the tissue factor concentration from 20% to 40% (vol/vol) overcame the inhibitory mechanism in normal plasma but not in factor VII deficient plasma supplemented with a low concentration of factor VII. A second wave of factor IX activation obtained by a second addition of tissue factor to plasma with a normal factor VII concentration was almost abolished by supplementing the reaction mixture with additional EPI and factor X. Factor Xa's active site was necessary for factor Xa's contribution to inhibition, but preliminary incubation of factor Xa with EPI in the absence of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex or of factor VIIa/tissue factor complex in the absence of EPI did not replace the need for the simultaneous presence of factor Xa, factor VIIa/tissue factor, calcium, and EPI in an inhibitory reaction mixture. Inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor was reversible; both tissue factor and factor VIIa activity could be recovered from a dissociated, inhibited factor VIIa/tissue factor complex. EPI appeared to bind to a factor VIIa/tissue factor complex formed in the presence of factor Xa but not to a factor VIIa/tissue factor complex formed in the absence of factor Xa. PMID- 3492227 TI - Control of hemopoiesis by a bone marrow stromal cell clone: lipopolysaccharide- and interleukin-1-inducible production of colony-stimulating factors. AB - A stromal cell line, GY30, was cloned from mouse bone marrow adherent cell layers. In culture, GY30 cells sustain the production of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFU) but fail to support the survival of pluripotential stem cells (CFU-S). GY30 cells secrete two growth factor activities distinct from interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-2, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) but functionally similar to GM-CSF and G-CSF. The production of both CSFs is increased 70- to 200-fold by treating GY30 cells with lipopolysaccharide or IL-1. RNA blot analysis reveals the presence of GM-CSF and G-CSF transcripts and demonstrates that IL-1 regulates the production of both factors at the mRNA level. Further, these studies show that the GM-CSF secreted by GY30 cells is structurally similar to the GM-CSF produced by activated T cells. PMID- 3492228 TI - Lack of effect of heparin on factor XIa. PMID- 3492229 TI - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) blocks HIV-receptor on T-lymphocyte surface. AB - Previous reports have shown the capacity of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) to attach to the membranes of lymphatic cells as a hapten and thus exert an unspecific influence on their ability to express certain recognition molecules. This led us to the hypothesis, that DPH might as well serve to manipulate the t-helper lymphocytes in a way that the mode of infection of these cells by the HIV might be blocked. In order to verify this hypothesis, we exposed normal control lymphocytes as well as lymphocytes from DPH-treated patients (3 X 100-150 mg DPH/day, Phenhydan, for a minimum of 10 days) to radioactively labeled HIV (125I). Remaining radioactivity was assessed using a gamma-counter and measured 64.000-92.000 counts/min (n = 24, mean 80.000) for the control lymphocytes, while remaining radioactivity for the DPH-treated lymphocytes ranged between 2000 and 7000 counts/min (n = 24, mean 4.000, p less than 0.001). These results and similar experiments obtained with FITC-labeled HIV led us to the conclusion that DPH inhibits HIV recognition of T-lymphocytes and therefore might be used in therapy and prophylaxis of AIDS. PMID- 3492230 TI - Reproducible generation of autonomous malignant sublines from non-tumorogenic murine interleukin 3-dependent mast cell lines. AB - Murine interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent permanent mast cell lines derived from normal mouse bone marrow were established using pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (SCM) as a source of IL-3. When propagated continuously in media containing a high concentration of IL-3 (20% SCM or 20 U/ml murine recombinant IL-3 (rIL-3], all the cell lines remained strictly factor dependent in vitro and non-tumorogenic in vivo. However, we were able to reproducibly generate autonomous sublines from cultures supplemented with low amounts of IL-3 (1% SCM or 2 U/ml rIL-3). Abrogation of exogeneous growth factor dependency was always associated with neoplastic transformation. In newly generated autonomous sublines an autocrine mechanism of growth regulation was evident in vitro. PMID- 3492231 TI - Reference values for vital capacity and flow-volume curves from a general population study. AB - A longitudinal epidemiological respiratory study has been started in the North of Italy to investigate the natural history of obstructive airways disease and the long-term effect of SO2 exposure. The first cross-sectional study was completed in this unpolluted area before the activation of a thermoelectric power plant (500 tons of SO2 produced daily). Follow-up surveys are planned after pollution emission starts for a period of ten years. A sample (n = 3289) representative of the general population was drawn from the villages of the area according to the different risks of pollution exposure. Subjects completed questionnaires and performed lung function tests, including forced expiratory (FVC) manoeuvres. For 801 'normal' subjects, prediction equations have been derived in age/sex groups for slow vital capacity (VC) and variables from the FVC manoeuvre. Comparisons with predictions of other studies are reported. Differences among FVC predictions were found, indicating that the use of different criteria for determination of the FVC manoeuvre end-point can affect results. In 'normals' VC was higher than FVC in older subjects. The difference between VC and FVC may be hypothesized as an epidemiological indication of the ageing effect on the mechanical properties of the ventilatory system. PMID- 3492232 TI - A simple method to deplete human interleukin 2-containing medium of phytohemagglutinin by filtration through a concanavalin A sepharose 4B column. AB - A method is presented to deplete human interleukin 2 (IL-2) containing conditioned medium of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) by filtration through a concanavalin A Sepharose 4B (Con A Seph 4B) column. The presence of residual PHA was determined by measuring the mitogenic effect of treated medium on freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells as well as by counter-immunoelectrophoresis using an anti-PHA serum. A one-step passage over a Con A Seph 4B column removes 80% or more of the PHA present in conditioned medium without a significant loss of IL-2 activity. These data show that the use of a Con A Seph 4B column is a simple, fast and economical method for the preparation of IL-2-containing medium for use on long-term human T cell cultures. PMID- 3492233 TI - Mechanisms of intrinsic tone in bullfrog lung: relaxant effects of indomethacin, ouabain and potassium. AB - Bullfrog hemilungs showed minimal relaxation (9 +/- 2% of the maximal relaxant effect of theophylline, Imax) after a 16 h incubation in 10(-5) M indomethacin, indicating that prostaglandin synthesis plays little or no role in the high intrinsic tone characteristic of this preparation. A higher concentration of indomethacin (10(-4) M) produced greater relaxation (23 +/- 3% of Imax), but also markedly potentiated isoprenaline-induced relaxation. The interaction with isoprenaline was similar to that previously found for papaverine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Ouabain (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) produced an initial contraction followed by marked relaxation (50% of Imax), indicating that a ouabain-sensitive mechanism is of major importance in the maintenance of intrinsic tone. Ouabain-treated hemilungs showed reversal (relaxation) of the normal contractile response to 26 mM potassium and marked impairment of the contractile response to calcium in calcium-depleted preparations. These effects suggest that ouabain-induced relaxation reflects a drug action on calcium movements. The marked relaxation (30 to 40% of Imax) produced by 26 mM potassium in ouabain-treated hemilungs is of particular interest in that it indicates a mechanism of potassium-induced relaxation distinct from stimulation of sodium potassium ATPase. PMID- 3492235 TI - Multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland. An association with HLA-DQw1. AB - This study reports the frequencies of HLA antigens and the polymorphic variants of C4, C2, and Bf for 200 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in the Grampian region of Scotland, an area of high disease prevalence. A group of 128 normal subjects from the same region were typed for comparison. Although the frequencies of HLA-B7 and DR2 in the patient group (43.3% and 49.4%, respectively) were found to be similar to those reported for other Northern European HLA studies on patients with MS, high frequencies of these antigens were also observed in the group of normal Grampian subjects (38.3% and 40.6%) the differences were not statistically significant. However, a significant association was found between the recently defined Class II HLA antigen, DQw1, and MS (P less than 0.006) when compared with controls. There were no significant differences in frequency of the polymorphisms of C4, C2, and Bf when the group of patients with MS was compared with the control group of normal subjects. The patients were subdivided according to disease severity, remittent versus progressive clinical course, age of onset of the disease and initial symptoms. The frequencies of the HLA and complement polymorphisms (C4, C2, and Bf) were analysed in these subdivisions. DQw1 was found with similar frequency in severe and benign disease (78% and 80%, respectively) but DR2 was most frequent in the group of patients with remittent disease (54%). There were no significant differences in frequency of the polymorphisms of C4, C2, and Bf between the above subgroups of patients and overall no significant HLA associations were found with age of onset of disease or initial symptoms. The findings suggest that in an area of high prevalence of MS, the disease is more closely associated with DQw1 than DR2. Furthermore, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that the HLA region complement gene polymorphisms show significant association with a putative HLA-linked MS susceptibility gene. PMID- 3492236 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor: central nervous system sites of action. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been microinjected into different brain areas in an effort to characterize specific sites of action of this peptide to influence the concentrations of norepinephrine in plasma. Although many brain sites were identified to be unresponsive to CRF stimulation there were also an abundant number of sites found where CRF elicited significant elevations of plasma catecholamine concentrations. None of the tissue sites of action of CRF were associated with increases of plasma levels of norepinephrine greater than those following CRF administration into the third ventricle. The results suggest that anatomic redundancy exists for the response to exogenous CRF administration. PMID- 3492234 TI - Comparative antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological effects of drugs known to inhibit calmodulin (TFP, W7 and bepridil). AB - The potential antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological actions of drugs known to inhibit calmodulin, i.e. trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalene sulphonamide (W7) have been compared with bepridil, whose antiarrhythmic actions have previously been ascribed to blockade of the fast inward sodium current in cardiac tissue. Like bepridil, both TFP and W7 reduced the severity of arrhythmias evoked by 30 min of coronary artery occlusion in the anaesthetized rat. TFP (2.5-10 mg kg-1, i.v.), W7 (2.5-10 mg kg-1, i.v.) and bepridil (1-5 mg kg-1, i.v.) also antagonized the development of ventricular fibrillation induced by 5 min of occlusion followed by reperfusion. All three drugs also reduced mortality. TFP and bepridil also reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular tachycardia whilst all 3 drugs reduced its duration. Although TFP was shown to possess alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties, the classical alpha-blocker, phentolamine, failed to reduce significantly the incidence or severity of reperfusion arrhythmias. In contrast to bepridil (2-20 microM), which markedly reduced the maximum rate of depolarization (Vmax) of guinea-pig isolated papillary muscle, W7(5-50 microM) showed only weak effects on Vmax and was at least 10 times less potent than bepridil whilst TFP only reduced Vmax in high concentrations (40-100 microM) which lowered resting membrane potential. Unlike bepridil, neither TFP (4-40 microM) nor W7 prolonged the absolute refractory period. The results suggest that drugs which inhibit calmodulin confer protection against both ischaemia-and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the rat. Although the electrophysiological actions of bepridil would adequately account for its antiarrhythmic activity, the same cannot be said of W7 and especially TFP. In conclusion, calmodulin antagonism may constitute a mechanism of antiarrhythmic activity. PMID- 3492237 TI - Effect of serotonergic, corticostriatal and kainic acid lesions on the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. AB - In mice, prior destruction of striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons by intrastriatal or intraventricular injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine did not abolish or attenuate DA depletions produced in striatum by 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This suggests that although they contain monoamine oxidase type B, the oxidative conversion of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) does not take place in 5-HT neurons. Likewise, decortication and kainic acid lesions did not prevent or enhance striatal MPTP induced DA decrements suggesting that corticostriatal projections and striatal neurons are not involved in the mechanisms of MPTP neurotoxicity. PMID- 3492239 TI - Behavior. PMID- 3492242 TI - Techniques for taking a behavioral history. AB - A thorough behavioral history is essential for adequate assessment of a given case. In reviewing the chief complaint, a description of what actually happened, rather than the owner's interpretation of what happened, is required. Other behavior problems, environment, rearing history, and training need to be reviewed. Sample question sets for some common problems are given. PMID- 3492238 TI - Measuring dental health: improvements on the DMF index. PMID- 3492243 TI - Sexual behavior of mares. AB - Behavior during the estrous phase of the ovulatory cycle of the mare is analogous in most ways to that of estrous females of other species. Proceptive behaviors bring the mare into the proximity of the male and attract his attention. Positioning facilitates mounting, intromission, and ejaculation. Estrous signs appear to be more intense in the few days prior to ovulation than during the transition periods that separate the recurring estrous and diestrous phases. Sexual behavior is absent during diestrus. Detection of estrus in mares is problematic in that it requires the presence (or at least facsimile acoustic or tactile stimuli) or a stallion. Unexplained conditions such as silent or subestrus make reliable determinations even more difficult. The choice of methods for distinguishing estrous from nonestrous mares depends, among other factors, upon characteristics of individual mares, as well as the number of mares to be evaluated. Detection of true estrus--that is, sexual behavior that is associated with follicular growth and ovulation--is confounded by the occurrence of estrus like behavior independent of gonadal stimulation. Seasonally anovulatory and ovariectomized mares may regularly solicit and accept copulation despite low or even no circulating levels of ovarian steroids. Instead, endocrine support of sexual behavior in these mares appears to be provided by adrenal cortical androgens and/or estrogens. A smaller percentage of pregnant mares may also show some signs of estrus but are not likely to be receptive to mating. The ability of the mare to dissociate sexual behavior from ovulation is unique among infraprimate species studied. The display of estrous behavior and willingness to copulate, even at times when conception is impossible, may have functional significance in promoting band cohesiveness in wild and feral populations. Even without copulation, continued motivation to remain in proximity to the band stallion may contribute to the stability of the social unit outside the ovulatory season. PMID- 3492241 TI - Principles of learning. AB - This article discusses some general principles of learning as well as possible constraints and how such principles can apply to horses. A brief review is presented of experiments that were designed to assess learning in horses. The use of behavior modification techniques to treat behavior problems in horses is discussed and several examples of the use of these techniques are provided. PMID- 3492240 TI - Social structure. AB - Socially feral horses live in stable social groups characterized by one adult male, a number of adult females, and their offspring up to 2 years of age. Extra males either live by themselves or with other males in bachelor groups. The bands occupy nondefended home ranges that often overlap. Many abnormal behaviors seen in domestic horses occur because some aspect of their normal social behavior cannot be carried out in captivity. PMID- 3492244 TI - Reproductive behavior of the stallion. AB - The reproductive behavior of semi-wild and feral horses is described briefly in order to provide a background on the reproductive patterns and the specific behavioral elements comprising courtship and mating in the horse. The reproductive behavior of the domestic stallion is discussed at length as are various breeding conditions and normal breeding performance. Finally, sexual behavior problems are considered. PMID- 3492245 TI - Maternal behavior. AB - Parturition in mares is rapid and is followed by a brief period of sensitivity to imprinting on a foal. There is large individual variation in normal maternal style, but normal mothers actively defend their foal, remain near the foal when it is sleeping, tolerate or assist nursing, and do not injure their own foal. Disturbance of a mare and foal during the early imprinting period can predispose a mare to rejection of her foal; therefore, it should be avoided. There are a variety of forms of foal rejection and numerous etiologies. Therefore, each case should be evaluated individually. PMID- 3492246 TI - Developmental behavior. AB - Examination of the developmental changes that occur in the behavior of foals reveals three major periods that can be characterized by certain types of behavior. Although the beginnings and endings of these periods are not definitive, these periods may be conceptually useful in evaluating a foal's behavior. Period of Dependence. During the first 4 weeks of life, a foal is maximally dependent on its mother for sustenance, remains near her, and has little contact with other horses or ponies of any age. Period of Socialization. During the second and third months of life, foals have rapidly increasing contact with ponies and horses other than their mother, especially with other foals. Mutual-grooming peaks during this period, as does snapping, which is probably being carried out as a displacement activity during the stressful period of initial contact with non-mother horses. Period of Stabilization and Developing Independence. From the fourth month onward, foals gradually become more independent, both from their mother and from other herd members as they progress toward adult patterns of spatial relationships, social interactions, and maintenance behaviors. PMID- 3492247 TI - Rest behavior. AB - Behavioral and physiologic characteristics of sleep are described, with special attention paid to equids. Temporal organization of sleep and environmental influences upon this behavior in horses are reviewed. Anatomic and biochemical bases and function of sleep are discussed briefly. PMID- 3492248 TI - Feeding behavior. AB - Problems related to feeding behavior in horses fall into three main categories: underconsumption, overconsumption, and abnormal consumption. Anorexia may be caused by a variety of diseases and overcome by removing the underlying causes (pain, fever), and physical or chemical stimulation of appetite. "Hypophagia" may be caused by poor dentition, disease, or stress. Again, removal of the cause or stimulation by physical or chemical means may improve intakes. Acute and chronic overconsumption of feeds are reflections of the normal controls (or lack thereof) of feeding in the horse. The only reliable prevention is to limit access to feeds. Abnormal eating behaviors such as pica or coprophagy are usually caused by a dietary imbalance or boredom. Coprophagey, however, is a normal behavior in young foals. Drinking disorders are rare, the only common one being the avoidance of "strange" water. Masking water at home with specific flavors such as peppermint or vinegar may encourage the horse to drink water from other sources to which the "home" flavor has been added. PMID- 3492249 TI - Stable vices and trailer problems. AB - Stable vices include oral vices such as cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia, as well as stall walking, weaving, pawing, and stall kicking. Some of these behaviors are escape behaviors; others are forms of self-stimulation. Most can be eliminated by pasturing rather than stall confinement. Trailering problems include failure to load, scrambling in the moving trailer, struggling in the stationary trailer, and refusal to unload. Gradual habituation to entering the trailer, the presence of another horse, or a change in trailer type can be used to treat these problems. PMID- 3492250 TI - Aggressive behavior problems. AB - Accurate diagnosis of the cause of aggression in horses is essential to determining the appropriate course of action. The affective forms of aggression include fear-induced, pain-induced, intermale, dominance, protective, maternal, learned, and redirected aggressions. Non-affective aggression includes play and sex-related forms. Irritable aggression and hypertestosteronism in mares are medical problems, whereas genetic factors, brain dysfunction, and self-mutilation are also concerns. PMID- 3492251 TI - Restraint. AB - The object of restraint is to limit, restrict, and keep under control the animal's movement while performing different procedures. The author discusses the importance of evaluating the horse and its owner prior to employing any type of restraint, various concepts of restraint, and examples of situations in which restraint may be required. PMID- 3492252 TI - Behavior problems of equids in zoos. AB - Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals. PMID- 3492253 TI - Validation of cardiac single photon emission tomography of labeled intracoronary microspheres as a method to measure changes in distribution of coronary blood flow. AB - Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) combined with intracoronary dual labelled microspheres (Tc-99m and In-111) is a technique that can potentially measure changes in regional coronary blood distribution. To validate the ability of microspheres to measure regional coronary flow distribution, we studied this method in 5 pigs to evaluate 3 specific questions: Does the lack of attenuation correction affect the calculation of relative concentrations of microspheres? Do Tc and In microspheres have similar imaging characteristics? Is there correlation between tomographic concentrations of tracer activity and tissue concentration of microspheres? Tc and In albumin microspheres were injected selectively down the left anterior descending coronary artery, and dual-isotope SPECT imaging of the whole heart was carried out. The heart was then sliced and the slices imaged directly on the collimator. Finally the slice was sectioned and well counted. The correlation coefficient (R) between SPECT profiles and direct camera profiles was 0.91. The R between In and Tc counts was also excellent at 0.93. Comparing SPECT profiles and well counting, the R was 0.79 for Tc and 0.72 for In microspheres, with the standard error of estimate less than 8.7% and 14.5% respectively about the mean value. Therefore; SPECT of intracoronary microspheres does correspond to tissue concentrations of microspheres, lack of attenuation correction does affect the correlation but not to a significant extent, In and Tc microspheres have very similar imaging characteristics. SPECT of dual intracoronary microspheres may provide a potentially useful tool to assess distribution of regional coronary blood flow. PMID- 3492254 TI - Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. AB - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a rare cause of infection in humans. It has been mainly reported in cases of endocarditis and destructive periodontal disease. This report describes the case of a 51-year-old female who had an acute onset of anterior iridocyclitis, followed by the appearance of a white nodule on the lens and subsequent involvement of the vitreous. The course of the disease was long and insidious. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was isolated from 3 of 26 blood cultures drawn over a period of 40 days, and also from the vitreous. The patient had been suffering from periodontal disease for 3 months prior to her admission. Only two cases of endophthalmitis presumably caused by this organism have previously been reported, but the organism has never been recovered from the eye. This report presents the first case of culture-proven Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endophthalmitis following destructive periodontal disease. PMID- 3492255 TI - Chemical modification of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of mechanically skinned skeletal bullfrog muscle fibers. AB - Several types of reagents that react with amino acid side chains induced repetitive phasic contracture of skinned skeletal muscle from frogs. The presence of 10 mM procaine or 5 mM magnesium in the medium or disruption of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) eliminated this contracture, indicating that the calcium-induced calcium-release mechanism of SR is involved in the contraction. Dithiothreitol inhibited the contracture induced by chloramine T, N acetylimidazole, or p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (pCMPS) but not in the case of carbodiimide, phenylglyoxal, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP), or N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). Therefore, modification of groups other than the sulfhydryl ones seems to induce contractures under such conditions. The amplitude of the caffeine-induced contracture decreased after treatment with pCMPS, DEP, or NCS. NCS shifted the pCa-tension curve toward low pCa in the SR-disrupted fibers. This shift would explain the decrease in the caffeine contracture. It is tentatively concluded that pCMPS and DEP release a large amount of calcium from SR. PMID- 3492256 TI - Intussusception in babies under 4 months of age. AB - Intussusception in babies under 4 months of age is uncommon. The hospital records of 25 babies under 4 months of age who were treated for intussusception between 1974 and 1983 were reviewed. There was no history of pain in nine cases. Rectal bleeding occurred in all but one of the infants. Vomiting was a prominent symptom in all but 2 infants and was the first symptom in 11. Only eight infants presented with all three symptoms. There was a high rate of failure of reduction by barium enema, even when it was attempted early. Although intussusception does occur in young infants, the clinical picture is generally different from that seen in infants aged 4 months or more. PMID- 3492257 TI - Intussusception in children 2 years of age or older. AB - The hospital records of 111 children aged 2 to 15 years who were treated for intussusception between mid-1974 and mid-1984 were reviewed. Severe intermittent abdominal pain was the most consistent, and frequently the only, clinical feature. Hydrostatic reduction was almost as successful as in children under 2 years of age, and its success was independent of the duration of symptoms. Most cases were idiopathic, but lead points were common in children 6 years of age or older. There was an unexpectedly high recurrence rate, 20%. In all three children with lymphoma the signs and symptoms were clearly atypical and were suggestive of pre-existing disease. In the absence of suspicious clinical or radiologic findings, laparotomy to rule out lymphoma is not warranted. PMID- 3492258 TI - Serum bone gla-protein in multiple myeloma. AB - Serum bone gla-protein (SBGP), a marker of bone formation, was measured by radioimmunoassay in 57 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and correlated with presenting features and disease activity. As a whole, patients with MM did not differ from normal controls or from patients with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, but a significant percentage of abnormal values of SBGP was found in this MM population (18% of cases, P less than 0.005). At the time of diagnosis, SBGP was significantly lower in advanced disease (Stage III) than in less active disease (Stage I and II) with mean values of 4.4 +/- 2.7 ng/ml and 7.1 +/- 1.9 ng/ml, respectively (P less than 0.02). SBGP levels inversely correlated with the severity of the disease, the lowest values being observed in patients with extensive lytic bone lesions frequently associated with hypercalcemia (2.9 +/- 1.7 ng/ml). These data suggest the presence of a strong osteoblastic inhibition, at the body level, in the majority of patients (80%) with active osteoclastic MM (uncoupled process). However, a small subset of myeloma patients (20%) presented coupled MM, as defined by increased bone resorption (i.e., lytic bone lesions +/- hypercalcemia) and increased bone formation (i.e., increased SBGP values). Similar features of coupling-uncoupling were observed during disease progression. Finally, serial studies performed in 15 patients confirm these findings and the relation of SBGP levels to disease activity. Of major interest was the observation of a return of SBGP levels from low to normal values during remission induction, after successful completion of a plateau phase. According to these data, SBGP appears to be a new and promising marker for the clinical evaluation of MM. PMID- 3492259 TI - Interferon therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - In 1981, the National Cancer Institute undertook Phase II trials of interferon alfa-2a in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma [CTCL]) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A dose of 50 X 10(6) U/m2, three times per week, was used initially, then adjusted downward as dictated by toxic effects. A 54% response rate was achieved among 24 patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and the median duration of response was 8 months. Less encouraging results emerged from studies in patients with intermediate- or high-grade disease. Responses were noted in only two of six patients in the former group, and only one of seven in the latter group. Results have likewise been disappointing in patients with CLL. Of 18 individuals treated, only two exhibited brief, partial responses. In CTCL, on the other hand, alpha interferon may be the most effective single agent. Among 20 patients with advanced disease who had failed previous therapies, 45% responded. The primary dose-limiting toxicity in all these trials has been flu-like symptoms, particularly fever and fatigue. Fever has generally resolved as treatment has been continued, but dosage reductions are usually necessary to alleviate fatigue. Future studies are likely to focus on the use of alpha interferon in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other biologic response modifiers, such as monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3492260 TI - Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma with interferon alfa-2b (Intron A). AB - The activity of the alpha interferons against AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. Unfortunately, most reports have involved small patient cohorts and a variety of dosages and schedules of administration. We report here a series of Phase II trials with interferon alfa 2b (Intron A, Schering Corp., Kenilworth, NJ) involving 114 patients using three dose regimens. Patients received 50 X 10(6) IU/m2 intravenously (high dose), 30 X 10(6) IU/m2 subcutaneously (intermediate dose), or 1 X 10(6) IU/m2 subcutaneously (low dose). Clinical responses were seen in all regimens and, overall, 35% of the patients obtained complete or partial remissions. The response rates in the low-, intermediate-, and high-dose groups were 33%, 28%, and 45%, respectively. In addition, high-dose therapy was associated with more rapid time to response. Patients with low-stage (I or II) disease and those who lack B symptoms were more likely to respond to therapy; i.e., response rates for patients without B symptoms were 38%, 44%, and 60% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-dose groups, respectively. Seventy (61%) patients had died at the time of data collection, with a median survival of 15 months. Disease stage and the presence of B symptoms significantly affected mortality. Responders enjoyed significantly longer survival (P less than 0.10) than did nonresponders both overall and when adjusted for disease stage. Interferon alfa-2b was generally well tolerated, although almost all patients experienced flu-like symptoms. No life-threatening toxicities occurred and only six (6%) patients discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. No significant improvement in immunologic parameters was detected during this study. These studies suggest that, in this disease setting, interferon alfa-2b may be acting through direct antiproliferative effects rather than as an immunomodulator, and higher doses appear to be more effective than very low doses. PMID- 3492261 TI - Pathologic fracture in osteosarcoma. Impact of chemotherapy on primary tumor and survival. AB - Twenty patients with osteosarcoma and pathologic fractures were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II (CDP), Adriamycin (ADR) (doxorubicin) and high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor "rescue" (MTX-CF). Before the introduction of the regimen, the primary tumor in two patients was treated by immediate amputation and in 13 with preoperative intra-arterial CDP. Among these 13 patients, responses (healing) were observed in 11 (one required the addition of radiation therapy). In three patients, the responses were so dramatic that, at their request, surgery was deferred and treatment exclusively with chemotherapy was instituted. Based on this experience, treatment exclusively with chemotherapy was also administered to an additional five patients who were admitted without pathologic fractures. In the course of such treatment, pathologic fractures also developed; notwithstanding, chemotherapy was maintained and healing also occurred. One of the 20 patients had pulmonary metastases at diagnosis; these were resected after treatment and pathologic examination revealed no evidence of viable tumor. The remaining 19 patients were free of pulmonary metastases but these later developed in seven patients. These data were compared to a historical control series in which 16 of 21 patients with pathologic fractures developed pulmonary metastases. Three of the chemotherapy treated patients died of nonosteosarcoma related causes (leukemia, generalized varicella, and a metabolic complication). Overall, survival was improved in the chemotherapy treated patients as compared to the historical control series: 10 of 20 versus 6 of 21, respectively. Pathologic fractures in osteosarcoma may heal under treatment with chemotherapy, which also has a favorable impact on the eradication of pulmonary metastases and survival. PMID- 3492262 TI - Characterization of immunologic function in homosexual men with persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - A syndrome of persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been described in homosexual men. To further characterize and correlate the immunologic status of patients with PGL with those in AIDS, we studied spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced IgG synthesis by B-cells, T-cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB), natural cytotoxicity (NC), and Interleukins (IL)-1 and IL-2 production in 39 homosexual patients (21 PGL; 13 AIDS; five asymptomatic homosexual men), in whom 32 of 35 tested (91%) had antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III). A profound abnormality in B-cell function was found in AIDS and PGL, consisting of high spontaneous IgG production, with paradoxic suppression of IgG synthesis after PWM. IL-2 values were more often low in AIDS when compared with PGL (P less than 0.001). The PB lymphocyte count was normal in PGL and reduced in AIDS (P less than 0.001). OKT4 "helper" cells were decreased in PGL, but even lower in AIDS (P less than 0.001), while OKT8 "cytotoxic/suppressor" cells were normal in AIDS and increased in PGL (P less than 0.01). The T4:T8 ratio was reversed in both, but more abnormal in AIDS (P less than 0.001). A decrease in NC killing was observed in AIDS when compared with heterosexual controls. Thus, patients with PGL and AIDS both demonstrate a spectrum of immunologic dysfunction, involving the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system. PMID- 3492263 TI - B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Prognostic implication of bone marrow histology in 120 patients experience from a single hematology unit. AB - The available staging systems for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) do not always predict the clinical course and the prognosis of the disease. In these systems, the pattern of bone marrow histology is not incorporated. In the current report we investigate the prognostic value of the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern of bone marrow involvement in 120 B-CLL patients in relation to their actuarial survival, and we compare these results with the actuarial survival based on the International Workshop system. In addition, we analyze the influence of the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern on the actuarial survival, in relation to the individual clinical stages (A, B, C). All patients were diagnosed and followed-up in the same Unit. Our patients were divided into Stage A (64), Stage B (22), and Stage C (34). They were also subdivided into those with a diffuse (46) and those with a nondiffuse (74) pattern of bone marrow histology. The difference in the actuarial survival in relation to their clinical stage (A, B, C) was statistically significant (P less than 0.025). A greater statistical difference (P less than 0.005) was found when the actuarial survival was analyzed in relation to the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern of bone marrow histology. No statistically significant differences could be found (P greater than 0.1), when the actuarial survival was calculated in every stage (A, B, C), on the basis of the diffuse or nondiffuse pattern of bone marrow histology. When our Stage A and B patients were analyzed for disease progression, in relation to the diffuse or nondiffuse bone marrow histology, it was found that 66.6% of the diffuse Stage A patients and 88% of the diffuse Stage B patients had disease progression as compared to only 8.6% for the nondiffuse Stage A patients and 33% for the nondiffuse Stage B patients. Our findings indicate that: the pattern of bone marrow histology in B-CLL patients is the single most important prognostic parameter in this disease; a clinicopathologic staging system for B-CLL may be justified; and the diffuse pattern of bone marrow histology could be considered as the best criterion for initiation of therapy in these patients. PMID- 3492264 TI - Mythylation of human HLA-D/DR genes: derangement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - HLA-DR antigens are expressed as differentiation markers in certain human leukemias. To investigate whether DNA methylation plays a role in expression of DR genes in leukemia, we analyzed methylation patterns of the DR-alpha and D/DR beta genes in the DR antigen-positive and -negative B-cell lines, in normal adults and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients using Southern blot hybridization of DNA digested with Msp I and Hpa II. The DR-alpha and D/DR-beta genes of a DR antigen positive B-cell line, T5-1, were heavily methylated, while those of DR antigen-negative variant, 6.1.6, were hypomethylated. Blood cells collected from four normal adults contained different levels of DR-alpha and D/DR beta mRNAs, but their relative amounts were about the same among the individuals. By contrast, the relative amounts of these mRNAs in CLL cells varied widely, indicating aberrant expression of one or both of these genes in CLL. The DR-alpha gene in four normal adults and six CLL patients produced only a 3 kb hybridizable band after Msp I digestion. Normal adult DR-alpha genes were resistant to Hpa II digestion, suggesting that all Hpa II sites are methylated. In contrast, digestion of CLL DNA with Hpa II yielded various bands of larger sizes which differed among the CLL patients, suggesting that Hpa II sites are differentially methylated in the CLL DNA. In the case of D/DR-beta genes, normal adult DNA gave Msp I bands which were slightly polymorphic among four individuals tested. In contrast, CLL DNA showed a high degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on Msp I digestion. We speculate that the high RFLPs in the CLL DNA may result from differential methylation in CpG clusters in the D/DR-beta genes, and that this characteristic may be of use for diagnosis of CLL. PMID- 3492265 TI - Generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells in strain 2 guinea pigs and their use in the therapy of L2C, an acute B-cell leukemia. AB - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were induced by incubating strain 2 guinea pig splenocytes or lymph node-derived cells in recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 3-5 days. These effector cells had the morphology of lymphoblasts and were able to lyse murine P815 tumor cell targets. Fresh, unstimulated, guinea pig effectors were not capable of lysing these targets. The therapy of the L2C leukemia, an acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia of strain 2 guinea pigs, using LAK cells and recombinant IL-2 was examined. Antitumor effects were demonstrated by premixing LAK and tumor cells prior to intradermal injection in Winn type assays and then measuring the growth of local tumor and survival of the animals. In further experiments i.p. administration of LAK cells, 4 h following tumor cell inoculation by the i.p. route, prolonged the survival of treated animals. The best results in this i.p. therapy model were obtained with a 10-fold excess of LAK cells over tumor cells plus additional treatment with 1000 units of IL-2 for 20 days. This resulted in a 10-day increase in median survival of treated animals. Despite these in vivo antitumor effects, lytic activity of LAK effector populations against L2C targets could not be demonstrated in vitro. The potential synergy between LAK cells, IL-2, and a monoclonal antibody directed against the idiotype of the neoplastic cell surface immunoglobulin was also investigated. In these experiments enhanced survival of the combined treatment group, beyond that of either singly treated group, was not found. This study shows that LAK cells are useful agents in the therapy of a widely disseminated, aggressive, B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. The use of such effectors, even in cases where in vitro lysis of the target tumor cell cannot be demonstrated, is encouraged by these results. PMID- 3492266 TI - An immunotoxin cytotoxic for breast cancer cells in vitro. AB - A potent immunotoxin was formed by conjugating the murine monoclonal antibody 323/A3 to the A chain of ricin. The 323/A3 antibody recognizes an antigen expressed by most human breast cancers. When binding of 323/A3 is examined by enzyme-linked immunosorption assay, three human breast cell lines displayed strong binding, whereas two human breast cell lines and three non-breast cell lines displayed little or no binding. When the cell lines were tested at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml, those cell lines which displayed an abundance of antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorption assay were most sensitive to the effects of the 323/A3 immunotoxin. On the other hand, cell lines which displayed little or no antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorption assay were not inhibited by the immunotoxin at this concentration. Further examination of the effects of immunotoxin concentration on protein synthesis confirmed the sensitivity of those cell lines rich in the 323/A3 antigen over a broad dose range. Similarly, three cell lines which displayed little of the 323/A3 antigen demonstrated little inhibition of protein synthesis with various concentrations of 323/A3 immunotoxin. However, two cell lines which displayed little antigen were intermediate in their sensitivity to the 323/A3 immunotoxin. Preclinical evaluation of immunotoxins as potential therapeutic agents will require accurate and sensitive screening of a wide variety of cell types. The 323/A3 remains of interest in studying the effects of immunotoxin in a defined in vivo model system. PMID- 3492267 TI - Inhibition of epidermal xenobiotic metabolism in SENCAR mice by naturally occurring plant phenols. AB - Naturally occurring plant phenols such as tannic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and anthraflavic acid have been shown to inhibit the mutagenicity of several bay region diol-epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo(a)pyrene (BP). The present study was designed to determine whether these plant phenols can alter epidermal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases in SENCAR mice. In vitro addition of these plant phenols to epidermal microsomal preparations inhibited aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in a concentration dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for tannic acid, myricetin, quercetin, and anthraflavic acid ranged from 4.4 X 10(-5) M to 12.4 X 10(-5) M in microsomes prepared from control and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals. Of the plant phenols studied tannic acid was found to be the most potent inhibitor of epidermal AHH activity. Tannic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and anthraflavic acid exhibited a mixed type of inhibitory effect with Ki values of 81, 63, 135, and 165 microM, respectively. In vitro addition of these plant phenols (240 microM) to the incubation mixture prepared from control and 3-methylcholanthrene treated animals resulted in varying degrees of inhibition of epidermal microsomal AHH (57-92%), ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (19-58%), and ethoxyresorufin O deethylase (33-85%) activities. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the organic solvent-soluble metabolites of BP produced by epidermal microsomes indicated a substantial decrease in the formation of BP-diols (23-67%) and BP phenols (29-57%) by each of the plant phenols. The formation of BP-7,8-diol was substantially inhibited (29-52%) by each of the plant phenols. Further in vivo studies showed that a single topical application of tannic acid, quercetin, and myricetin greatly diminished epidermal AHH (53-65%), ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (30-68%), and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (66-97%) activities whereas anthraflavic acid was ineffective in this regard even when repeatedly applied. Our results indicate that plant phenols have substantial though variable inhibitory effects on epidermal monooxygenase activities and BP metabolism suggesting that these compounds may be capable of inhibiting the carcinogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the skin. PMID- 3492268 TI - Elimination of B-lymphoma cells from human bone marrow: model experiments using monodisperse magnetic particles coated with primary monoclonal antibodies. AB - Conditions for removing B-lymphoma cells from human bone marrow using "immunobeads" (IBs) were investigated. The IBs were prepared by coupling monoclonal antibodies directly to a new type of monodisperse magnetic polymer particles (M 450). Two monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibodies, AB-1 (CD 19), a B cell-specific antibody, and AB-4, an HLA-DR-specific antibody, were used. The IBs were incubated with Rael Burkitt lymphoma cells admixed to fresh, mononuclear human bone marrow cells. After incubation for 30 min at 4 degrees C, the IBs were removed using cobalt samarium magnets. The number of remaining clonogenic tumor cells was assayed by the Courtenay and Mills soft agar procedure, and the clonogenic capacity of the bone marrow progenitor cells was measured by granulocyte-monocyte and granulocyte-erythroid-monocyte-megakaryocyte assays. With a ratio of tumor cells to normal bone marrow cells of 0.1 or 0.01 and a ratio of immunobeads to tumor cells in excess of 75, a tumor cell depletion of more than 3 logs was achieved with the AB-4 IBs and slightly less with the AB-1 beads. After two consecutive cycles of purification with the AB-4 beads, no colonies were found, corresponding to more than 6 logs of purification. In the case of the AB-1 beads, 4 to 5 logs of purification were achieved. The concomitant reduction in clonogenic bone marrow progenitor cells was only 30 to 40%. Flow cytometric studies showed that the tumor cell population contained appreciable proportions of cells binding only small amounts of the antibodies used. The results indicate that the IB procedure is highly efficient and capable of removing tumor cells expressing low levels of antigen. Compared to other purging methods in use the procedure described seems to offer several advantages with respect to efficacy, speed, and simplicity. By the use of a panel of suitable antibodies the new immunobead procedure may be potentially useful in autologous bone marrow transplantation of B-lymphomas and non-T-leukemias with poor prognosis. PMID- 3492270 TI - Serum alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor in advanced cancer: mass variants and functionally inert forms. AB - In 1984, we reported that while immunoreactive levels of serum alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (API) increased significantly in nine patients with advanced solid tumors, the functional activity of the inhibitor, as measured by the serum trypsin inhibitory capacity, did not increase proportionately. This suggested that a portion of the circulating API was functionally inert. We have now assayed immunoreactive titers and trypsin inhibitory capacity of serum API of 49 patients with advanced carcinomas and 27 healthy controls. Immunoreactive levels of API (expressed as percentage of normal pooled serum which was taken as 100%) in cancer subjects were significantly elevated as compared to normals (mean +/- SE: 233 +/- 9.0% versus 102 +/- 2.0%, P less than 0.05). Although the trypsin inhibitory capacity of the cancer group (16.0 +/- 0.9 units/ml) was significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) as compared to normals (9.9 +/- 0.1 units/ml), this increase was less than that in the immunoreactive titer of API, suggesting the existence of functionally inert API in serum. The fraction of API which was functionally active in this group of cancer patients was 71.0 +/- 3.0% which was significantly less than the normal 98.0 +/- 2.0% (P less than 0.05). In 12 patients followed serially, both immunoreactive levels of API and the trypsin inhibitory capacity increased significantly at the time of clinical progression of disease. There was a significant correlation between increasing absolute granulocyte count and increasing trypsin inhibitory capacity (correlation coefficient 0.66; P less than 0.001). Neither disease progression nor increasing granulocyte count, however, was associated with increasing proportion of functionally inactive API. The inactive form of API had the same molecular weight as the native molecule as shown by gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/Western blot analysis of cancer sera. Therefore, the inactive form was not due to a complex between API and a tumor-derived protease or to proteolytic fragmentation of the native API. Elastase inhibitory capacity of cancer sera with subactive API was essentially identical with trypsin inhibitory capacity indicating that the active site methionine was not oxidized in the inert API. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/Western blot analysis showed that both normal and cancer serum API existed as two mass variants, at Mr 58,000 and 56,000. Both variants formed complexes with elastase and were functionally active. PMID- 3492269 TI - Growth state-dependent regulation of protein kinase C in normal and transformed murine cells. AB - We determined whether growth state can influence the action of protein kinase C by measuring protein kinase C activity in growing and stationary cultures of normal and transformed cells. Two approaches were used to measure protein kinase C: assay of intact cells for inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding in response to phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu); and assay of detergent extracts for total calcium, phospholipid-dependent kinase activity. In extracts of growing and stationary Swiss 3T3 cells, the total amount of protein kinase C activity was similar, indicating that growth state does not alter the level of enzyme in the cell. The short-term response of Swiss 3T3 cells to an activator of protein kinase C also appeared to be independent of growth state, since the 50% effective dose for PDBu inhibition of EGF binding to its receptor was approximately 7 nM for both growth conditions. In contrast, the response of cells to long-term treatment with PDBu was significantly different depending upon the initial growth state of the cells. In both growth states, PDBu caused loss of protein kinase C activity, which reflected a loss in protein mass as determined by immunoblotting with antiserum to protein kinase C. However, the maximum decrease approached 100% in stationary cultures versus approximately 75% in growing cells. Protein kinase C levels in several transformed cell lines were subject to down modulation in a similar growth state-dependent manner. Further, the inhibition of EGF binding by tumor promoters following long-term treatment of Swiss 3T3 cells with PDBu also varied with growth state. In down modulated growing cells, PDBu caused almost complete inhibition of EGF binding, whereas in down modulated stationary cells, minimal inhibition of EGF binding by PDBu was observed. These results suggest that prolonged treatment with tumor promoters alters the sensitivity of cells to activators of protein kinase C in a growth state-dependent manner. PMID- 3492271 TI - Effect of chemical deglycosylation of ricin A chain on the in vivo fate and cytotoxic activity of an immunotoxin composed of ricin A chain and anti-Thy 1.1 antibody. AB - The carbohydrate present on ricin A chain causes ricin A chain immunotoxins to be cleared rapidly in animals by the reticuloendothelial system. In an effort to overcome this problem we destroyed the carbohydrate on ricin A chain by treating it with a mixture of sodium metaperiodate and sodium cyanoborohydride and then linked the "deglycosylated" A chain to monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibody. The deglycosylation procedure did not affect the ability of the A chain component of the immunotoxin to inhibit protein synthesis in a cell-free system or the capacity of the immunotoxin to inhibit protein synthesis in Thy-1.1 positive lymphoma cells in vitro. Immunotoxins prepared with deglycosylated A chain were cleared from the bloodstream of mice more slowly than native ricin A chain immunotoxins. The difference in the blood clearance rates of the two immunotoxins could be accounted for by a decreased entrapment of the deglycosylated ricin A chain immunotoxin by the liver. Both immunotoxins broke down in vivo with the appearance of free antibody in the bloodstream. The site of cleavage of the immunotoxin was possibly the liver because immunotoxins taken up by it rapidly became unreactive with antiricin but retained reactivity with anti-mouse immunoglobulin G suggesting that dissociation of the A chain from the antibody had occurred. The immunotoxins taken up by the liver were metabolized further and the acid insoluble radioactive metabolites gradually accumulated in the stomach, thyroid, and salivary gland. The deglycosylated ricin A chain immunotoxin should be a more effective antitumor agent in vivo because it is cleared from the blood more slowly and so has greater opportunity to localize within the tumor target. PMID- 3492272 TI - [The effect of in vitro interleukin 2 on lymphocytes and monocytes in human peripheral blood. I. Induction of proliferation and cytotoxicity]. PMID- 3492273 TI - [The effect of in vitro interleukin 2 on lymphocytes and monocytes in human peripheral blood. II. Induction of surface differentiation signs]. PMID- 3492274 TI - [Significance of the determination of alpha-1-antitrypsin and pregnancy associated alpha-1-glycoprotein in the serum of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 3492275 TI - Mechanism of NK activation by OK-432 (Streptococcus pyogenes). I. Spontaneous release of NKCF and augmentation of NKCF production following stimulation with NK target cells. AB - The biological response modifier OK-432 (Picibanil) (manufactured in Japan) is produced by lyophilization of cultures of the low virulent Su strain of group A Streptococcus pyogenes of human origin. This preparation has been shown to have multiple effects on the immune system and has been used as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent in man. It has been shown that OK-432 augments the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer (NK) cells. We have proposed that natural killer cytotoxic factors (NKCF) derived from NK cells play a role in the mechanism of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). The present study investigates the underlying mechanism of the OK-432-mediated enhancement of NK activity by determining whether OK-432 has an effect on the induction and activity of NKCF produced by NK cells. Treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with OK-432 for 20 hr and wash resulted in significant augmentation of NK CMC and this enhancement was dependent on the concentration of OK-432 used. Coculture of the OK-432-treated PBL with U937 resulted in a several-fold enhanced production of NKCF in the supernatant. The NKCF produced were similar to those produced by untreated effector cells in that they had the same NK target specificity for lysis. The time kinetics of stimulation of PBL with OK-432 for optimal production of NKCF was found to be 8-12 hr. It was also observed that culture of OK-432-treated PBL in the absence of stimulator cells spontaneously release significant amounts of NKCF into the supernatant. The supernatant containing NKCF was tested for interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity using an IL-2-dependent HT-2 line. It was found that there was no direct correlation between the levels of NKCF and IL-2 activity. The results of this study demonstrate that OK-432 stimulates NK cells to produce NKCF in the presence or absence of stimulator cells. The optimum concentration of OK-432-induced augmentation of NK CMC paralleled that seen for optimum NKCF production, suggesting that one mode of action of OK432 is to enhance NKCF production in a manner reminiscent of IFN and IL-2. The results also point out that OK-432 acts by a mechanism independent of the action of IL-2. PMID- 3492276 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate-induced proliferation of an IL-2-dependent T-cell line: action of PMA is independent of IL-2 and cannot be mimicked by diacylglycerols. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at concentrations of 2 X 10(-10) to 2 X 10(-7) M was able to sustain proliferation of the interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent murine T cell line CTLL-K. This line, which died within 24 hr without exogenously added IL 2, survived for at least 96 hr and completed two to three cycles of replication in the presence of an optimal dose of PMA. PMA did not increase proliferation induced by saturating amounts of IL-2, but it mimicked IL-2 activity when no IL-2 or only suboptimal doses of IL-2 were present. This effect was completely independent of any residual IL-2 activity and was not mediated by the endogenous production of IL-2. The finding that stimulation of CTLL-K cells with 1-oleoyl-2 acetyl-glycerol or 1,2-dioctanoyl-glycerol rather than with PMA was not sufficient to induce any proliferation suggests that diacylglycerols and phorbol esters have qualitatively different effects on protein kinase C activity. Falsely positive results could occur when IL-2-dependent T-cell lines were used as indicator cells for IL-2, since evidence is presented that PMA-responsive cells could emerge spontaneously from T-cell clones that originally were not responsive or only weakly influenced by PMA. PMID- 3492277 TI - Characterization of the cellular basis for the inhibition of cytolytic effector cells by murine placenta. AB - Direct suppression of cytolytic effector cell function by cells of the placenta may represent one mechanism that protects the "fetal allograft" from rejection by maternal transplantation immunity. Collagenase disaggregated murine placental cells block target cell lysis by natural killer, lymphokine-activated killer, and (CTL)-type killer cells. This inhibition is reversible and noncompetitive, similar to a previously described inhibitor of CTL found in spleens of mice undergoing an acute graft vs host (GVH) response. Velocity sedimentation separation of placental cells shows that the inhibitory activity is primarily associated with cells that cosediment with nucleated fetal erythrocytes. When these erythrocytes were lysed, an increased number of non-erythrocytic cells could be separated and under this circumstance, inhibitory activity was seen in association with either small white cells or fetal erythrocytes and with large white cells. There may be several cell populations in murine placenta that can inhibit cytolytic effector cells. The possible relevance of direct placental inhibition of cytolytic effectors to protection of the "fetal allograft" is discussed. PMID- 3492278 TI - Maturation of cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - We have studied the maturation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) following primary and anamnestic responses in vivo and in vitro. Parameters evaluated included: frequency of effector CTL, specificity of binding to and lysis of target cells, killing and recycling ability of individual CTL, and the avidity of effector target conjugation. While the frequency of effector CTL in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice immunized against leukemia EL4 of C57BL/6 origin increases from 0 to 35% in 11 days of priming, a paradoxically lower frequency has been observed usually after 2 degrees and repeatedly after 3 degrees immunizations both in the peritoneal cavity and in the spleen. The H-2 haplotype and H-2 sub-loci specificity of CTL is preserved upon repeated immunizations. Likewise, the rate of killing and recycling of individual CTL do not change throughout immunizations, suggesting that the cytolytic activity of individual effector CTL is discrete ("quantal") and not subject to maturation upon repeated immunizations. On the other hand, inhibition of conjugate formation and of lysis by antibodies against target major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or effector Lyt-2 determinants is consistently less effective with 3 degrees CTL, suggesting an increase in avidity of effector/target interaction upon repeated immunizations. A striking increase in apparent avidity has been observed during CTL priming in mixed lymphocyte reaction, as deduced from blocking by target cell MHC antibodies. These results suggest that alloimmune CTL undergo maturation with respect to their ability to interact with the target, and that the composition of the responding population is subject to moderate selective processes driven by repeated antigenic stimuli. PMID- 3492279 TI - Accessory cell function of cells isolated from Mycobacterium leprae-induced granulomas. AB - The large cells from Mycobacterium leprae-induced granulomas in guinea pig lymph nodes were separated by Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) using cross-reacting monoclonal antibody to human MHC Class II antigens. Large Percoll-separated cells (83% Class II antigen positive and 52% macrophage-specific antigen positive) and FACS separated cells are able to act as antigen-presenting cells for T-cell proliferation to PPD. In previous studies, macrophage antigen-positive cells consistently failed to act as accessory cells. This indicates that there is a population of accessory cells which are macrophage antigen negative and MHC Class II antigen positive present in these M. leprae-induced granulomas. PMID- 3492281 TI - Lymphocyte activation by oxidative modification: avidin-modified T cells activate biotin-modified autologous T cells but not vice versa. AB - Immunocompetent human thymocytes were oxidized by periodate and conjugated with either biocytin-hydrazide or avidin-hydrazide followed by reduction with borohydride. Without further treatment, the resultant modified cells alone exhibited moderate levels of activation as a function of exogenously added interleukin 2. However, strong interleukin 2-dependent stimulation was observed when avidin-modified cells and biotin-modified cells were mixed. The effect was inhibited by free biotin molecules. By selective inhibition procedures, it was found that the avidin-modified cells induced the stimulation of biotin-modified cells, but not vice versa. It is postulated that the polyvalent avidin-hydrazide molecule covalently crosslinks and "freezes" the movement of oxidized glycoconjugates on the membrane surface. In contrast, the monovalent biocytin hydrazide would enable the modulation of membrane components upon interaction with avidin. The results suggest that crosslinking of mobile sites at the T-cell surface are essential for the transmission of an oxidation-induced mitogenic signal. PMID- 3492280 TI - Stimulation of murine B cells by the combination of calcium ionophore plus phorbol ester. AB - The ability of calcium ionophore and phorbol ester to stimulate entry into S phase was assessed during short-term cultures of murine B cells extensively depleted of T cells. Neither ionomycin alone nor PMA alone stimulated DNA synthesis. However, the combination of ionomycin plus PMA acted in synergy to induce initiation of DNA synthesis in murine B cells. A role for protein kinase C was implied by the inability of 4 alpha-phorbol didecanoate to reproduce the effects of PMA. The combination of ionomycin plus PMA also stimulated DNA synthesis in xid-defective B cells. PMID- 3492282 TI - Immunochemically purified DR antigens in liposomes stimulate xenogeneic cytolytic T cells in secondary in vitro cultures. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed against the human class II major histocompatibility antigen DR was generated. Use of this antibody, LB3.1, allowed isolation of large amounts of highly purified DR by immunoaffinity chromatography. The DR was reconstituted into liposomes and shown to stimulate secondary xenogeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for targets expressing DR antigens. DR digested with neuraminidase was equally as effective as native DR at stimulating CTL, while denatured DR and other purified membrane proteins were much less effective. The DR liposome-induced CTL lysed only target cells expressing class II antigens. Cytolysis of targets bearing class II antigens was blocked by DR-specific antisera. PMID- 3492283 TI - The cloned cell line L10A2.J expresses natural cytotoxic activity. AB - The analysis of natural cytotoxicity (NC) has been hampered by the lack of cloned NC effectors. In studies reported here we show that the cloned cell line L10A2.J expresses properties similar to those of splenic NC effectors. L10A2.J cells lyse NC-sensitive targets, but do not lyse NC-resistant targets which are sensitive to lysis by natural killer (NK) or cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The mechanism by which L10A2.J cells lyse NC-sensitive targets is similar to the lytic mechanism of splenic NC effectors in that both result in the release of 51Cr from targets with a lag of 5-7 hr after effectors and targets are mixed. In addition, inhibition of protein synthesis during the in vitro assays of NC or L10A2.J lytic activity causes some NC-resistant targets to become sensitive to lysis by both NC and L10A2.J effectors. The only functional difference detected between L10A2.J and splenic NC effectors is in their recognition of targets. While L10A2.J and splenic NC effectors recognize many of the same targets (NC resistant and NC sensitive), L10A2.J, unlike splenic NC effectors, does not recognize the NK sensitive cell line YAC-1. PMID- 3492284 TI - Independent regulation of B-cell inducing factor and IL-2 production by T lymphocytes, and direct and indirect promotion of immunoglobulin secretion by glucocorticosteroid. AB - The conditions for induction of B-cell inducing factor (BIF) by human peripheral blood T cells was investigated. BIF was assayed by induction of immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) in peripheral blood B (non-T) cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain Cowan I (Sac), and in the IgM cell line SKW6.4. Maximum BIF production occurred with high concentrations of the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and PWM. Dexamethasone (Dex) also induced BIF production in T cells at 10(-5) to 10(-7) M. At 10(-5) and 10(-6) M Dex, the T-cell supernatants had to be dialyzed before testing because Dex alone stimulated variable levels of ISC in both test B-cell assays. Dex did not enhance BIF production by T cells that were optimally stimulated by lectin. BIF levels were maximum by Day 2 of T-cell cultures and remained high at Days 3 and 4. In contrast, IL-2 reached a peak at Day 1 and declined drastically by Day 4. We previously showed that IL-2 at less than 100 U/ml did not induce ISC in B cells and did not alter ISC induction by BIF. Dex did not induce IL-2 production and inhibited IL-2 production induced by Con A, in contrast to the promoting effects of Dex on BIF production, providing further evidence for the independence of BIF and IL-2 production and B-cell stimulation. PMID- 3492286 TI - Significant frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells specific for TNP modified allogeneic cells in normal lymphocytes. AB - It was tested whether the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CLP) repertoire in normal mice is biased toward recognizing foreign antigen in association with self H-2 as opposed to allogeneic H-2. The frequencies of CLPs in normal mice (H 2b,k,d) specific for TNP-modified syngeneic and TNP-modified allogeneic cells have been compared by limiting dilution analysis. Normal spleen cells were cultured at a limiting dilution with TNP-modified (TNP-self) or TNP-modified allogeneic (TNP-allo) stimulator cells. Cultures were split into four aliquots and assayed against TNP-self, TNP-allo, unmodified syngeneic, and unmodified allogeneic Concanavalin A blast targets and classified for cytotoxic activity directed against TNP-self, TNP-allo, and allo H-2 determinants. In disagreement with our expectations from the literature, the frequencies of CLPs in H-2b and H 2d responder cells recognizing TNP-modified H-2k were higher than the frequencies of CLPs recognizing TNP-self. There was no clear preference for TNP-self in the case of H-2b responder and H-2d allogeneic cells, nor vice versa. Only in the case of H-2k responder cells was there a distinct preference for TNP-self. The significance of a considerable number of TNP-specific, allo H-2-restricted CLPs in normal lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 3492285 TI - Establishment and characterization of murine macrophage hybrids. AB - Proteose peptone-induced peritoneal macrophages from CBA/J (H-2k) mice have been fused to a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-negative variant of the P388D1 (H-2d) murine macrophage cell line. Six hybrid clones were isolated following HAT selection and further characterized. Five of the six clones express class I antigens of both parental haplotypes by microelisa and by flow cytometric analysis. Class II antigen expression of both haplotypes was apparent following a 72-hr incubation of the hybrids with concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen cell supernatant. However, I-Ad was expressed in all hybrids to a greater extent than I-Ak. Three clones with the highest level of I-Ak expression, E5, C2, and C4, were capable of antigen presentation to the I-Ak-restricted T-cell line, D10.G4.1. LPS induction of the hybrids resulted in a 2- to 15-fold increase in the amount of IL-1 produced relative to the P388D1 parent. Finally, in distinction to P388D1, all hybrids demonstrated increased Fc-mediated erythrophagocytosis of chromium-labeled antibody-coated erythrocytes. These murine macrophage hybrids appear stable and should serve as useful models in understanding the regulation of macrophage function. PMID- 3492287 TI - Individual differences in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in man to public HLA determinants. AB - The allospecific anti-HLA response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from 22 unrelated individuals and 7 monozygous twin pairs was examined. From each responder, CTL were generated in several responder-stimulator combinations, each mismatched for one HLA-A or -B antigen. The CTL were assayed in the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) on panels of third-party target cells, comprising cells that express the stimulating antigen (specific target cells), cells that express an antigen cross-reactive with the stimulating antigen (CREG target cells), and cells that do not express either the stimulating or a cross-reactive antigen (nonsharing target cells). Individual variations in the allo-CTL response were observed. We identified individuals (responders) who showed a consistently narrow CTL response and those who showed a broad reaction pattern to various stimulator cells. The narrow response was restricted almost entirely to specific target cells; the broad response comprised lysis of specific, CREG, and nonsharing target cells. These differences were evidently not dependent on the HLA-A, -B, -C phenotype of the responder, because HLA-A, -B, (-C)-identical individuals responded differently to the same stimulator. The identical response of monozygous twins indicates that the allogeneic CTL response is genetically controlled. The CTL response is not regulated by the HLA-DR antigens of the responder, nor is it influenced by the DR mismatch between responder and stimulator. The observed differences were not dependent on sex or age and could not be explained by differences in the T-lymphocyte subsets (OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8+) or by differences in proliferative reactivity to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, phorbol-myristate acetate, pokeweed mitogen, anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies). The IL-2 activity in the supernatants of mixed lymphocyte cultures of broad and narrow responder-stimulator combinations did not differ. PMID- 3492288 TI - A novel cytotoxic T-cell clone that exhibits differential modes of recognition in the proliferative and cytolytic phase. AB - A T-cell clone (1G8-H7) cytotoxic to P815Y mastocytoma (H-2d) has been established from spleen cells of a C3H/He mouse (H-2k) primed with P815Y cells by means of in vitro stimulation with irradiated C3H.H-2o(H-2KdDk) spleen cells. The clone 1G8-H7 was an interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent and H-2Kd antigen-dependent CTL clone and it killed P815Y cells but not Concanavalin A-induced spleen blast cells bearing H-2Kd antigen. The involvement of H-2Kd antigen in the cytolytic recognition mechanism was shown by the inhibition of lysis by anti-H-2Kd monoclonal antibody and also by the cold inhibition experiment that employed H 2Kd-bearing spleen cells. Comparison of cytotoxic activities between 1G8-H7 and Kd-specific CTL clones showed that the killing of P815Y cells by clone 1G8-H7 was not explained by the susceptibility to cell-mediated cytolysis of P815Y cells. These results suggest that H-2Kd antigen on the stimulating cell is sufficient to deliver a proliferation signal in the proliferative phase of this clone, but in the cytolytic phase an additional interaction with surface structure on the target cell other than that with H-2Kd antigen is required for the induction of cytolysis. Possible elucidations for the differential modes of recognition are discussed. PMID- 3492289 TI - Endogenous production of prothymocyte differentiating activity by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-cell-depleted human marrow. AB - The PHA responsiveness of marrow T-cell precursors remains a matter of controversy. We have investigated the capacity of human marrow to proliferate under phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation following extensive removal of mature T cells by complement-dependent cytotoxicity with MBG6 and RFT8 monoclonal antibodies. PHA-induced thymidine uptake by marrow cells occurred with a peak on Days 6-8 of incubation instead of Day 3 for PBL. This peak was observed 48 hr earlier in the presence of PHA-stimulated T-depleted marrow cell supernatants. These supernatants can also promote the growth of mature T-cell colonies from MBG6-, RFT8-, T11-, T3- marrow. However, full colony development requires exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). IL-2 could be detected in marrow supernatants but only at very low levels and beyond Days 3 and 4. In contrast Days 1-6 marrow supernatants were equally effective in promoting MBG6-RFT8- marrow cell responsiveness to PHA. We conclude that marrow T-cell precursors are not PHA responsive and that PHA induces the production by marrow non-T cells of a prothymocyte-differentiating activity (PTDA); PTDA can differentiate marrow T cell progenitors into PHA-responsive T cells; following activation by PHA, these cells undergo limited proliferation induced by IL-2 endogenously released from de novo differentiated T cells. It is suggested that this mechanism may account for extrathymic differentiation of the T-cell lineage in heavily irradiated marrow transplantation recipients. PMID- 3492290 TI - Lymphokine production by mitogen and antigen activated mouse intraepithelial lymphocytes. AB - Although most intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in mouse small intestine bear surface markers classically associated with T lymphocytes, the T-cell nature of these cells remains controversial. In the present study IEL from normal mice, or from mice infected with the gut nematode Trichinella spiralis, were therefore tested for their ability to produce T-cell-derived lymphokines in response to in vitro stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) or with specific worm antigens. The data show that Con A-stimulated IEL produce minimal amounts of IL-2, and intermediate levels of IFN-gamma and IL-3 in comparison to the levels produced by spleen T cells. The FDC-P2 cell line, which proliferates in response to both IL-3 and GM-CSF, was identified as the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of lymphokine activity in supernatants from mitogen-stimulated IEL from normal mice. IEL isolated from mice infected with T. spiralis also produced high levels of FDC P2 growth factors when challenged in vitro with Trichinella-derived antigens; however, normal IEL did not respond to this stimulus. The data thus provide evidence that antigen-sensitive T cells can arise in (or migrate to) the gut epithelium during gut infection. PMID- 3492291 TI - Expression of antigen interaction structures on resting and activated cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - The expression of T-cell receptor protein and Lyt-2 was examined on resting and activated antigen-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Receptor expression was largely independent of the activation state of the cells. In contrast Lyt-2 expression was approximately threefold higher on activated than on resting cells. Since lytic activity varied by as much as 100-fold, it appears that lytic activity is primarily regulated by processes independent of quantitative changes in antigen interaction structures. PMID- 3492292 TI - Membrane depolarization is induced in tolerant B lymphocytes by stimulation with antigen. AB - Membrane depolarization is one of the earliest events in activation of cells by ligand receptor interaction. It is known that crosslinking of antigen-specific Ig receptors on B cells by antigen can induce membrane depolarization and subsequent Ia antigen expression on the cell surface. To determine whether a tolerance inducing form of the antigen can also induce membrane depolarization after Ig receptor binding we used splenic B cells enriched for dinitrophenyl (DNP) specific cells and determined relative membrane potential in these cells after binding of DNP-murine IgG2a (MGG) (tolerogen) or antigens (DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and DNP-Ficoll). Relative membrane potential was determined by loading the cells with the dye, 3.3-dipentyloxacarboxyanine (DiOC5(3)) after 2 hr incubation with ligand and determining relative fluorescence intensity on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Carriers alone did not depolarize these normal cell populations, but 100% of DNP-specific cells were depolarized by DNP-KLH and DNP-MGG while 85% were depolarized by DNP-Ficoll. To determine if tolerant B cells could be depolarized by antigen we induced tolerance in vitro or in vivo with DNP-MGG and measured the depolarization of DNP-specific B cells in response to antigens and tolerogen. DNP-specific B cells made tolerant by DNP-MGG underwent membrane depolarization when incubated with either DNP-KLH, DNP-MGG, or DNP-Ficoll but not with carriers alone. These data suggest that tolerogen induces membrane depolarization equally as well as antigen in normal cells. In addition, tolerant cells can be depolarized by Ig receptor crosslinking with either antigen or tolerogen. Thus, tolerance does not block the early membrane events induced by antigen in B cells. PMID- 3492293 TI - Interleukin 1 and prostaglandin production by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system isolated from mycobacterial granulomas. AB - A study has been made of the activity of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and prostaglandins (PGs) in the culture supernatants from unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated mycobacteria-induced granuloma cells. Both epithelioid cells from bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced granulomas and macrophages from Mycobacterium leprae-induced granulomas, separated on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter using monoclonal antibody specific to guinea pig macrophages, spontaneously secreted low levels of IL-1 (assayed by thymocyte comitogenic and fibroblast mitogenic activities) into culture supernatants. However, culture supernatants from LPS-stimulated epithelioid cells showed significantly higher IL 1 activity than those from unstimulated cells. In contrast, LPS stimulation of M. leprae granuloma macrophages failed to enhance IL-1 production. Nevertheless, IL 1 activity in the culture supernatants from stimulated mycobacterial granuloma cells of both types was much lower than that from LPS-stimulated peritoneal exudate macrophage culture supernatants. There was no detectable amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the culture supernatants from both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated BCG- and M. leprae-induced granuloma cells in comparison to much higher levels of PGE2 produced by unstimulated (0.28-6.2 ng/ml) or LPS-stimulated (greater than 15 ng/ml) peritoneal exudate macrophages. However, BCG granuloma cells either secreted prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) spontaneously or produced comparable levels of PGF2 alpha to those from peritoneal exudate macrophages on stimulation, while M. leprae granuloma macrophages produced much lower levels of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 3492294 TI - Interleukin 2 production and responsiveness in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome. AB - Proliferative responsiveness to, and production of, interleukin 2 (IL-2) was determined in 9 homosexually active men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in 28 homosexually active men with the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL). All were seropositive for antibody to human T lymphotrophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). Purified T lymphocytes from individuals with AIDS and PGL had a significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) proliferative response to a saturating amount of exogenous, purified IL-2 as compared to seronegative male controls. Similarly, T4+-enriched T lymphocytes also had a significantly decreased proliferative responsiveness to IL-2 (AIDS, P less than 0.05; PGL, P less than 0.005). T8+ enriched T lymphocytes from individuals with AIDS or PGL did not suppress the IL 2-induced proliferation of autologous T4+ T lymphocytes. In addition, production of IL-2 was significantly decreased in the AIDS group (P less than 0.01) and the PGL group (P less than 0.005) with median values of IL-2 produced being 0.1 and 1.0 U/ml, respectively, compared to 9.9 U/ml for control. These findings demonstrate that substantial quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of the IL 2-T-lymphocyte system exist in patients with AIDS as well as in relatively healthy individuals with PGL. These defects are likely important contributing factors to the depressed T-lymphocyte functions commonly observed in HTLV-III/LAV associated diseases. PMID- 3492295 TI - [Intrathecal administration of antifibrinolytics in primary subarachnoid hemorrhage during the acute period]. PMID- 3492296 TI - [Choroidal hematoma in the development of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 3492297 TI - [Orbitopalpebral localization of histiocytosis X. Discussion of a case]. PMID- 3492298 TI - Childhood blindness from corneal ulceration in Africa: causes, prevention, and treatment. AB - Corneal scarring is responsible for approximately 70% of blindness in children in African countries. Recent studies confirm that measles infection is a common predisposing factor and that vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the majority of bilateral corneal ulceration. Herpes simplex keratitis (caused by human (alpha) herpesvirus types 1 and 2), ophthalmia neonatorum, and the use of traditional eye medicines also constitute significant causes of corneal ulceration in children in Africa. Intervention strategies, the management of corneal ulceration in children, and areas for future investigation are discussed. PMID- 3492299 TI - The use of DNA probes for malaria diagnosis: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - Current progress in the development and potential application of DNA probes for malaria diagnosis was reviewed at an informal WHO Consultation in Geneva in October 1985. The development and use of such probes for malaria diagnosis is based on the premise that within any organism there are unique DNA sequences which differentiate that organism from closely related organisms. DNA probes specific for Plasmodium falciparum have been developed in several laboratories. Their major characteristic is that they are highly repeated within the P. falciparum genome. Their reported sensitivity in laboratory studies of from 5-10 pg to 1 ng DNA, which is equivalent to 10(2)-10(4) ring-stage parasites in a single sample, appears to be well within the range of that obtained by standard microscopical diagnosis. The technique, therefore, apparently has potential for operational use. A test based on use of the complete genome of P. falciparum has also been developed, and studies have recently been initiated on the diagnostic application of RNA probes and DNA probes specific for the human malaria parasites.Limited field evaluation of these probes indicates a sensitivity which compares well with that of traditional microscopy. However, this is based on the use of (32)P as a radioactive marker so that the test cannot be used in situations where there is no well-equipped laboratory. Attempts are, therefore, being made both to simplify the test and to develop non-radioactive methods for labelling the probes. The application of these techniques for malaria diagnosis within primary health care is discussed. PMID- 3492300 TI - A force-of-infection model for onchocerciasis and its applications in the epidemiological evaluation of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River basin area. AB - A simple force-of-infection model for onchocerciasis has been developed for a study of the age-specific epidemiological trends during a period of vector control in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River basin area (OCP). The most important factors included in the model are the longevity of an infection, the aspect of super-infection, age-specific exposure, and the intensity of transmission during the pre-control period. The aim of the study was to determine the most appropriate statistics for the epidemiological evaluation in the OCP. There was generally good agreement between the epidemiological trends, predicted by the model, and the observed trends in the prevalence and mean load of microfilariae in skin snips taken from a cohort population from 23 villages in an area with 8 years of successful vector control in the OCP. It is concluded that the epidemiological trends during the control period are not uniform but depend on the initial age and the initial endemicity level of the population. The epidemiological indices for cohorts of children, born before the start of control, will not show a decrease during the first 8 years of interruption of transmission. The prevalence is too insensitive to be useful for the evaluation in hyperendemic villages during most of the control period. The most sensitive and meaningful statistic for a comparative analysis and for the assessment of epidemiological changes is the geometric mean microfilarial load in a cohort of adults. This index, which is called the Community Microfilarial Load (CMFL), is now routinely used in the OCP. The new analytical methodology has enabled a much better appreciation of the significant epidemiological impact of 8 years of vector control in the OCP. Several related aspects of the pre- and post control dynamics of onchocerciasis infection are also discussed and priorities are formulated for further work on applied modelling of onchocerciasis. PMID- 3492301 TI - Growth decelerations among under 5-year-old children in Kasongo (Zaire). I. Occurrence of decelerations and impact of measles on growth. Kasongo Project Team. AB - The occurrence of growth decelerations in children was studied in more than 16 000 two-to-four-month time intervals, ending at ages 6 through 59 months, during a multi-round survey in Kasongo. Decelerations were measured as changes in standard deviation scores which were compared with international and local weight for-age, weight-for-height, arm-circumference-for-age and arm-circumference-for height reference data. Decelerations were strikingly frequent, particularly at younger ages. An important number of decelerations was related to infection with measles which provokes initial wasting; later, recuperation was partly through increase of weight and arm circumference, and partly through delayed stunting. The measurement of growth decelerations has the advantage over isolated weight for-age or arm-circumference-for-age measurements in that the impact of age dependency-induced errors is largely eliminated. The relative merits of the local and international reference curves are discussed. PMID- 3492302 TI - Growth decelerations among under-5-year-old children in Kasongo (Zaire). II. Relationship with subsequent risk of dying, and operational consequences. Kasongo Project Team. AB - The relationship between growth decelerations (in terms of various anthropometric parameters) and death occurring during the subsequent 100 days was studied among under-5-year-old children in Kasongo, Zaire. A significant association, more pronounced for large decelerations, was demonstrated for some anthropometric parameters. The observations provide support for the hypothesis that the frequency of stress due to malnutrition and infection party explains the high mortality. Although the association with mortality is significant, the observation of growth decelerations remains a screening instrument of limited predictive power. PMID- 3492303 TI - Changes in birthweight distribution from 1973 to 1982 in Addis Ababa. AB - Birthweight data for 29 586 infants born in health-care facilities in Addis Ababa in 1973 and 1982 indicate that 40-60% of all deliveries took place within the formal health-care system. The mean birthweight increased by 107 g from 3075 +/- 585 g in 1973 to 3181 +/- 550 g in 1982. This increase was uniform over the entire birthweight range but was statistically significant only for infants of low birthweight, the frequency of such births decreasing from 13% to 8% over the period. Stratification of the data by sex indicated a similar increase in birthweight. The stillbirth rate decreased from 51.1 per 1000 births in 1973 to 34.1 per 1000 in 1982, but was statistically significant only for birthweights in the range 3000-4000 g. The shift in birthweight distribution reported here may reflect either changes in the demographic characteristics of the population or unidentified changes in medical treatment. PMID- 3492304 TI - Surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases in Thailand. PMID- 3492305 TI - Absorption of vitamin A by children with diarrhoea during treatment with oral rehydration salt solution. AB - The results of a study of absorption by children of vitamin A indicate that absorption is lower in children with acute diarrhoea compared with normal children. The glucose or electrolytes present in solutions of oral rehydration salts had no effect on the absorption. Despite malabsorption, 70% of the administered dose of 100 000 IU of vitamin A in 500 ml of fluid was absorbed and retained. PMID- 3492307 TI - Relationship between salt excretion and blood pressure in various regions of China: Part 2. AB - Overnight urine samples were collected on three consecutive days from 2483 persons in 12 regions of China and the mean 9-hour overnight sodium and potassium levels subsequently determined. Analysis of the data by univariate regression, simple correlation, and multiple regression indicated that there was a positive correlation between the mean level of sodium in urine and blood pressure. PMID- 3492306 TI - A simple surveillance system for xerophthalmia and childhood corneal ulceration. AB - A simple cost-effective surveillance system is described for reporting cases of xerophthalmia and childhood corneal ulceration. The system is suitable for use by ophthalmic auxiliaries in developing countries.Presented are the results of a 2 year surveillance involving 15 hospitals in 11 areas of the United Republic of Tanzania. Cases of xerophthalmia in its early stages (characterized by night blindness or Bitot's spots) were found in all areas surveyed. Of almost 300 cases of unilateral and bilateral corneal ulceration, 46% and 79%, respectively, followed a recent infection with measles. The single most important cause of bilateral corneal ulceration was vitamin A deficiency. The surveillance system has proved to be particularly useful as a first step in defining the type and distribution of serious corneal disease in children. PMID- 3492308 TI - Application of enzyme immunoassays for the confirmation of clinically suspect plague in Namibia, 1982. AB - An outbreak of plague occurred in Ovamboland, northern Namibia, late in 1982. Blood cultures, sera and blood clots were tested to obtain laboratory confirmations for clinically suspect cases of the disease. Isolation of the bacillus (Yersinia pestis) was attempted from blood cultures; sera were tested for antibody by passive haemagglutination (PHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera and clots also were tested by ELISA for the specific F1 plague antigen. All the ELISA procedures were based on a monoclonal antibody to F1 antigen to ensure specificity.Thirty-eight cases were confirmed as plague: 50% by isolation, 34% by antibody responses, and 16% by the detection of antigenaemia. All isolates of Y. pestis were capable of producing F1 antigen, and significant antibody responses were observed in bacteriologically confirmed cases with paired sera. Patients who experienced sero-conversion had a higher IgM titre than IgG titre during the first nine days of hospitalization, while patients hospitalized for 17 or more days had IgG titres that were higher than the IgM titres. The relationship between IgM and IgG antibody titres is discussed with reference to identifying very recent infections. PHA titres increased and declined with IgM titres but were lower and more transient.ELISA procedures increased laboratory confirmations of plague by 23% above the numbers achieved using blood cultures and PHA tests alone. The ELISA to detect F1 antigen accounted for 86% of this increase by confirming cases where bacteriological isolation was not done. This ELISA did not replace the requirement for bacteriological isolation, since seven bacteraemic patients did not demonstrate antigenaemia. PMID- 3492309 TI - Pesticide resistance mechanisms produced by field selection pressures on Anopheles nigerrimus and A. culicifacies in Sri Lanka. AB - In Sri Lanka, Anopheles nigerrimus is resistant to a range of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides at both the larval and adult stages. Biochemical studies indicate that an alteration in acetylcholinesterase is the basis of resistance rather than increased metabolic breakdown of the insecticides. In contrast, A. culicifacies is resistant only to malathion and closely related compounds containing a carboxylate ester bond. Agricultural pesticides are the sole source of selection pressure for resistance in A. nigerrimus, while in A. culicifacies pressure arises predominantly from antimalarial spraying. PMID- 3492312 TI - Sex differential in the relationship of electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities to risk of coronary death: 11.5 year follow-up findings of the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. AB - The independent contributions of ST segment depression and/or T wave abnormality (ST-T abnormalities) on the baseline resting electrocardiogram to risk of 11.5 year coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality were explored among 9203 white men and 7818 white women who were 40 to 64 years old and without definite CHD at entry in the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. At baseline, prevalence rates of ST-T abnormalities were age related for both sexes, and at every age the rate was higher in women than men (age-adjusted prevalence rates 12.3% and 8.1%, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that ST-T abnormalities were associated with significantly increased risk of death from CHD for both men and women. However, men with ST-T abnormalities had much greater age adjusted and multiple risk factor-adjusted absolute excess risk and relative risk than women with such electrocardiographic abnormalities. When baseline age, diastolic pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarettes/day, history of diabetes, and baseline use of antihypertensive medication were included in the multivariate analysis, ST-T abnormalities remained significantly related to death from CHD in men but not women. The interaction term between sex and ST-T abnormalities was at a borderline level of statistical significance by Cox regression analysis. In conclusion, ST-T abnormalities indicate an increased risk of subsequent death from CHD independent of major coronary risk factors for middle-aged U.S. men, but this is not clearly so for women. PMID- 3492311 TI - Induction of alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylases, epoxide hydrolase, and liver weight gain: correlation with liver tumor-promoting potential in a series of barbiturates. AB - The effects of a series of barbiturates, of known and varying liver tumor promoting ability, on several short-term endpoints including liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratio increases and induction of cytochromes(s) P-450 and epoxide hydrolase activities were examined. Male F344 rats (3 months of age) were administered barbiturates in the drinking water for 12 days. At the end of the treatment period they were killed, body and liver weights were taken, microsomal p-nitroanisole O-demethylation and epoxide hydration, and liver S-9 O dealkylation of ethoxy-, pentoxy- and benzyloxyresorufin were measured. The latter two substrates have been shown to be preferentially metabolized by the major phenobarbital-inducible form of cytochrome(s) P-450 (P-450b), and were employed since they offered a means of differentiating more clearly varying levels of P-450 induction. Exposure to sodium barbital (SB) and sodium phenobarbital (PB) resulted in significant increases in liver weight and liver-to body weight ratios. Induction of cytochrome(s) P-450 and epoxide hydrolase activities by the various barbiturates depended on the functional groups on C5. When ranked in terms of decreasing induction potency, the following order was obtained for each enzyme activity quantitated: PB, SB, sodium pentobarbital, amobarbital, hexobarbital and the C5-unsubstituted parent compound (barbituric acid). Thus, the barbiturates were found to exhibit a spectrum of induction potencies, with PB and SB, the most potent liver tumor promoters, yielding the greatest degree of liver weight increase and induction of cytochrome(s) P-450 and epoxide hydrolase activities. PMID- 3492310 TI - Allergen nomenclature. AB - This article presents a nomenclature system for allergens which has been officially recommended by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The nomenclature is based on proposals of the IUIS Sub-Committee for Allergen Nomenclature and is applicable to highly purified, well-characterized allergens and to non-purified or partially purified allergenic extracts. PMID- 3492313 TI - Serum type III procollagen peptide as a non-invasive marker of liver damage during infancy and childhood in extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic hepatitis of infancy and alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - To evaluate the role of serum procollagen III peptide as a non-invasive marker of liver damage and prognosis in hepatobiliary disorders of infancy, we have measured its concentration at presentation and serially in 30 infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia, 22 with idiopathic hepatitis of infancy, 10 with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and 105 age-matched controls. Raised procollagen III peptide concentrations occurred in 51% of patients at presentation and 59% at follow up but were not related to the type of liver disease or the severity of liver damage, as assessed either by standard biochemical tests of liver function, serum glycocholic acid, semiquantitative assessment of 11 histopathological features or hepatic prolyl hydroxylase activity. Serum procollagen III peptide concentrations also gave no guide to prognosis. Although the factors determining serum procollagen III peptide concentrations in hepatobiliary disorders of infancy are unknown at the present time, we suggest that changes in growth rate may be of major importance in determining the significance of serum procollagen III peptide concentrations in infants and children. PMID- 3492314 TI - Serum adenosine deaminase activity in the differentiation of respiratory diseases in children. PMID- 3492315 TI - Seminal plasma suppression of human lymphocyte responses in vitro requires the presence of bovine serum factors. AB - The effect of bovine sera on the ability of human seminal plasma (SP) to suppress lymphocyte responses was investigated. Marked suppression of natural cell mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) against K562 targets was observed when effectors were pretreated for 1 h with SP (1:50 dilution) in the presence of 10% newborn calf serum (NBCS). Some suppression of natural cytotoxicity was observed when the effectors were treated with SP in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and this suppression was greater if the length of pretreatment with SP was increased to 20 h. Suppression of NCMC did not occur, or was considerably less, when the effectors were treated with SP in the presence of 10% autologous human plasma or in HB103 serum-free medium. The effect of bovine sera on suppression of T lymphocyte response to mitogen was also examined. Pre-treatment of lymphocytes with SP (1:50 dilution) for 1 h in the presence of 10% NBCS was sufficient to abrogate completely the stimulatory effect of PHA. In the presence of 10% FCS it was necessary for SP to be present throughout the assay for suppression to occur. In HB103 medium, stimulation was only slightly decreased below control values when SP was present throughout the assay, but suppression was considerably less than that obtained upon addition of NBCS or FCS to the culture medium. These findings imply that suppression of lymphocyte activity by SP is dependent on the presence of exogenous serum co-factors and in the light of this finding, the clinical relevance of SP suppression may require re-examination. PMID- 3492316 TI - Anti-idiotypes to anti-Lolp I (Rye) antibodies in allergic and non-allergic individuals. Influence of immunotherapy. AB - Anti-idiotypes (aId) reacting with anti-Lol I (Lolp I; Rye I) antibodies were detected by their ability to bind to radioiodinated F(ab')2 anti-Lol I. Sera were tested after removal of anti-Lol I and anti-heavy and light chain activity by adsorption on Lol I-Sepharose 4B and normal human serum Sepharose 4B. The binding of aId to Id was inhibited by affinity purified anti-Lol I but not by certain unrelated immunoglobulins; in some sera this binding was also inhibited by Lol I. The levels of aId were measured in serial bleedings collected over a 1 year period from Lol I-sensitive patients, allergic donors not sensitive to Lol I and non-allergic persons. In Lol I-allergic patients the levels of aId were significantly influenced by seasonal exposure to pollen and by immunotherapy with extracts of grass pollen. Moreover, in 12 out of 16 cases, there was also a significant inverse relationship between changes in serum levels of aId and of IgG or IgE anti-Lol I. Most interestingly, aId were also detected in non-allergic individuals; in this case, the levels of aId were not influenced by the pollen season. The data suggest that Id-aId interactions may play a role in the regulation of anti-Lol I antibody production. PMID- 3492317 TI - Effects of a human urinary mitogen on subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. AB - We have earlier isolated, to apparent homogeneity, a 27-28 kD human basic protein (UM) from the urine of a patient with myelomonocytic leukaemia. UM is a mitogen for resting human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML). We have now further defined the effect of UM on human PBML and their subpopulations in 6-day cultures. Cell proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake and Ig production by the plaque forming cell (PFC) response. Whole PBML responded to UM with proliferation and an increase in PFC. The PFC response was at best equal to and frequently synergistic with that produced by pokeweed mitogen and occurred in the three major Ig classes. To test the effect of UM on subpopulations of PBML, adherent cells (AC) were isolated by plastic adherence and T and B enriched populations by rosetting with sheep red blood cells. The proliferative response of T cells needed the presence of AC whilst the effect on Ig production by B cells required both T cell help and the presence of AC. Human thymocytes also responded to UM by proliferation. The results show that, in addition to being a T cell mitogen, UM is also a T cell dependent polyclonal B cell activator. PMID- 3492318 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-DR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera were evaluated for anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies to HLA-DR antigens (anti-DR) using an ELISA method with murine monoclonal anti-DR antibody-coated microtiter plates incubated serially with either normal or RA sera and peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG (Fc specific). Specificity was examined using other monoclonal antibodies including anti-Leu 3a, OKM5, OKT8, anti-cytochrome c, and anti-breast tumor antigen. Significant binding of 11/33 (33%) RA to anti-DR was found compared with 0/44 normals (P less than 0.001). Two groups were identified: RA sera reacting with anti-DR and anti-Leu 3a and sera which did not bind to anti-DR but bound to irrelevant monoclonal antibodies. Anti-DR reactivity was differentiated from anti Leu 3a by competitive inhibition studies. Binding of whole sera and IgG from RA patients to anti-DR was significantly inhibited by DR+ cell extract. The same extract was not inhibitory after selective removal of DR antigen by adsorption on an anti-DR-Sepharose column. These data suggest that anti-id antibodies are directed against the antigen-binding site of id. We conclude that some RA patients have anti-id antibodies potentially involved in immunoregulation of anti DR antibodies. PMID- 3492319 TI - The pathogenesis of virus-associated encephalopathies: a prospective study of immunological mechanisms. AB - Thirty-two patients, including 29 children, presenting with acute unexplained encephalopathies were studied prospectively for evidence of virus infection, immunodeficiency, and immunologic involvement in the pathogenesis of their illnesses. Twenty-five of these patients had a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. Twenty-two of these 25 had laboratory evidence of active virus infection, the majority with viruses usually associated with self-limiting illness outside the central nervous system. In patients with encephalitis, immune competence, as reflected by T-cell numbers and subsets in peripheral blood, in vitro interferon production, natural killer activity, and specific antiviral antibody production, was normal. Transudation of albumin into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a measure of blood-brain barrier breakdown, was seen in 40% of patients. Intrathecal antibody synthesis was suggested by an elevated IgG index in 9/20 CSF/serum pairs but was confirmed by an elevated specific IgG ratio in only 3. The serum IgG1 and IgG3 subclass levels were significantly elevated at the time of the illness and remained elevated 8 months later; IgG2 and IgG4 levels were normal. IgE levels were elevated in 50% of patients. Serum levels of IgM antibodies against Escherichia coli measured 8 months after the neurological illness were also significantly higher in encephalitis patients than in age matched healthy controls. Human myelin basic protein did not induce proliferation in peripheral blood lymphocytes in any patient. We conclude that most encephalopathies associated with viral infections are not due to an underlying generalized immunodeficiency, and probably result from an inappropriately vigorous immune response. PMID- 3492320 TI - Functional brain imaging with I123-amphetamine. First experience in the Netherlands. AB - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has been used in the last five years as a method for cerebral bloodflow imaging, especially in cerebral infarction. In this study the first experiences in the Netherlands are presented. In 57.6% of our patients lesions, defined by SPECT were larger than those found by CT. This was not only seen in patients with cerebral infarction but also in hematoma. In 33.3% the size of the lesions were comparable. In 10 out of 14 patients with a solitary lesion in one hemisphere a decreased perfusion was seen in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. This phenomenon is called crossed cerebellar diaschisis. One patient with probably Alzheimer disease, showing a specific flow pattern, is discussed. PMID- 3492321 TI - The use of the OHI-S as a selection criterion in bitewing radiographic examinations for children. PMID- 3492322 TI - The effects of carbohydrate-reduced diet on development of gingivitis. PMID- 3492323 TI - Evaluation of the edentulous patient. Addressing the positive and negative anatomic and attitudinal characteristics of the patient. PMID- 3492324 TI - Clinical evaluations of a zinc sulfate/ascorbic acid mouthrinse. PMID- 3492325 TI - The role of RT1 antigen differences in semi-allogeneic rat pregnancy. AB - The immunological mechanisms involved in sustaining normal semi-allogeneic pregnancies and in the enhancement of organ allografts were investigated in inbred rats. The antigenic targets for alloantibodies formed after leucocyte transfusions and multiple allogeneic pregnancies were defined by the EA rosette inhibition (EAI) assay in several congenic and recombinant inbred rat strains. Alloantibodies produced by leucocyte immunization (conventionally induced antisera) were directed only to RT1-encoded (major histocompatibility complex, MHC) antigens. Both RT1A (class I MHC) and either RT1B, D (class II MHC) or RT1C (Qa-like) antigens were targets for these alloantibodies; responses to the latter three antigens could not be separated with available congenic recombinant inbred rat strains. Alloantibodies produced as a consequence of multiple semi-allogeneic pregnancies (pregnancy-induced antisera) were directed only to RT1A antigens. Allogeneic pregnancies in which the paternal strain differed from the maternal strain only at the RT1A gene locus produced suppression of a subsequent maternal immune response. PMID- 3492326 TI - Disulfiram-like reaction associated with intravenous trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole. PMID- 3492327 TI - Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children. AB - Most of the data for this paper were taken from a 30-year follow-up of septic arthritis and a 25 year series of osteomyelitis seen in Dallas, Texas. A specific bacterial aetiology was determined in about 70% of patients with septic arthritis, utilizing culture of multiple fluids. The aetiological agent was influenced by the age of the patient. In the newborn Staph. aureus, group B streptococci and gram-negative organisms are found most commonly. In the older infant H. influenzae becomes a prominent pathogen, and in those over 2 years of age staphylococci, streptococci, H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoea are the predominant organisms. Ninety-three per cent of arthritis was monoarticular. A slightly higher percentage (78%) of children with osteomyelitis had a specific bacterial aetiology determined. Staph. aureus was the most common pathogen found at all ages, averaging 53% of all cases and in all age groups, and followed in frequency by various types of streptococci. Diagnosis was delayed in osteomyelitis compared to septic arthritis. In the Dallas patients a single bone was involved in 316 compared to 24 with polyosteal disease. In both infections the initial antibiotic chosen is determined by the gram strain of material obtained from joint aspiration, pus, or other secretions. If no specific bacterial aetiology is found, treatment is begun for the most likely organism considering the age of the patient and the clinical situation. Recently oral therapy has been used extensively in specific instances after an initial period of parenteral therapy. A limited number of follow-up studies have shown that the age of the patient, the bone and/or joint involved, and the organism responsible all influence the long-term results in both septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. The poorest long-term prognosis is in the neonate, especially where the hip joint is involved either alone or with a concomitant osteomyelitis. PMID- 3492328 TI - Nosocomial Hemophilus influenzae type C meningitis in an adult. AB - Hemophilus influenzae type C meningitis developed in a 68-yr-old man with a cerebrospinal fluid leak which occurred after craniotomy for an olfactory groove meningioma. Hemophilus influenzae is an uncommon cause of meningitis in adults, and most reported cases have been due to type B or nontypeable strains. PMID- 3492329 TI - Periodontal disease in adolescents: epidemiologic findings in Navajo Indians. AB - A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted of 618 Navajo Indians, aged 14-19, resident in a boarding school in New Mexico. Periodontal status was assessed by clinical measurements of attachment level and gingival bleeding, and evidence of alveolar bone loss from standardized bitewing radiographs. Attachment level and gingival bleeding were measured at 24 posterior interproximal sites (six sites in each quadrant): the mesio-buccal aspect of the second molar; the disto-buccal and mesio-buccal aspects of the first molar and second premolar; and the disto-buccal aspect of the first premolar. Alveolar bone level was measured from radiographs at the corresponding approximal surfaces of the same teeth. Attachment loss was considered present when the distance from the CEJ to the base of the pocket was greater than 1 mm; bone loss was considered present when the radiographic distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest was greater than 2 mm, and gingival bleeding was considered present if bleeding occurred immediately after gentle probing. Attachment loss was evident at one or more sites in 88.7% of the population, 45.9% of the subjects had attachment loss at eight or more sites, and 101 subjects (16.3%) had one or more sites with at least 4.0 mm of attachment loss. Bone loss was present at one or more sites in 89.2% of the population, 28.6% had eight or more affected sites, and 4.7% (29 subjects) had one or more sites with at least 2.0 mm of bone loss. Gingival bleeding was evident at one or more sites in 70.6% of the population, and 19.7% had eight or more affected sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492330 TI - Anaphylatoxin formation in extracorporeal circuits. AB - Anaphylatoxin radioimmunoassay techniques have been employed to define both the temporal profile and the amount of complement activation taking place in two different types of extracorporeal circuits. Prospective studies of patients undergoing both maintenance hemodialysis and cardiopulmonary bypass provided essentially similar findings. In both cases, plasma C3a antigen levels proved to be the most accurate and sensitive indicator of intravascular complement activation. By contrast, plasma C5a levels varied little during the period of extracorporeal circulation. Instead, this anaphylatoxin retained considerable biologic activity in vivo as evidenced by its ability to promote granulocyte activation and transient granulocytopenia which was displayed by patients in both groups. Plasma levels of C4a antigen were not elevated during the period of extracorporeal circulation, suggesting that alternative pathway mechanisms were predominantly responsible for the complement activation taking place in both hemodialyzers and bypass oxygenators. However, classical pathway activation events could be documented when protamine sulfate was administered to heparinized patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. In this instance, elevated plasma levels of both C4a and C3a antigens were observed. Prospective studies also suggested that complement activation could be associated with the development of both acute and delayed clinical sequelae. Available data support the hypothesis that C5a anaphylatoxin might be the primary mediator of these undesirable effects of extracorporeal circulation. These types of investigations have contributed significantly to our understanding of the role of the anaphylatoxins in human disease and may be directly applied to facilitate design of more biocompatible medical devices. PMID- 3492331 TI - Psychodynamic and structured interviewing: issues of validity. PMID- 3492333 TI - Severely decreased blood volume after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3492332 TI - Contact allergy to preservatives--II. AB - To determine whether the prevalence of allergic reactions to certain preservatives warrants their inclusion in a routine series for patch testing, a tray of 14 preservatives was tested in 501 consecutive suspected contact dermatitis patients. More than 1% positive reactions were found with DMDM hydantoin, Kathon CG, and alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride only. The concentration of alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (0.1% aqua) was considered too high. Of 6 patients reacting to the formaldehyde releaser DMDM hydantoin, 4 were positive to formaldehyde. Kathon CG may be an important allergen in the Netherlands, and it is worthwhile for dermatologists there to add it to the standard test series. The recent inclusion of quaternium-15 in the ICDRG standard series appears to be of little value to them. PMID- 3492334 TI - Computed tomography of Toxocara canis endophthalmitis. AB - Many lesions, termed pseudogliomas, may mimic the appearance of retinoblastoma, both clinically and on computed tomography. The appearance of Toxocara canis endophthalmitis on computed tomography is presented. The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients presenting with leukokoria is discussed. PMID- 3492335 TI - Changes in conjunctival lymphocyte populations induced by oral immunization with Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The populations of lymphocyte subsets in the conjunctiva were assessed in monkeys enterically immunized with different preparations of Chlamydia trachomatis prior to ocular challenge. Subsets were identified in immunohistochemical studies employing cross-reactive anti-human monoclonal and polyclonal reagents. Ocular challenge of orally immunized animals resulted in more equal numbers of T-helper and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, compared to the higher proportion of TS seen in naive monkeys. TH:TS/CTL ratios of 1.0-2.0 and 0.1-0.5 respectively were observed. Orally immunized monkeys also showed proportionately more IgA- and IgG bearing cells and less IgM-bearing cells. B cells of each class were commonly seen immediately under the epithelial basement membrane. Although oral immunization induced a number of changes in the proportions and distribution of lymphocyte subsets which subsequently appeared in the conjunctiva, these changes were not correlated with disease outcome, except for the appearance of increased proportions of follicular IgA-bearing cells in partially protected monkeys. PMID- 3492337 TI - Effects of ventricular pacing on left ventricular ischemic damage during heterogeneous cardioplegic arrest. PMID- 3492338 TI - Constitutional translocations and predisposition to T- and B-cell malignancies. PMID- 3492336 TI - S-antigen: identification of the MAbA9-C6 monoclonal antibody binding site and the uveitopathogenic sites. AB - The location of the monoclonal antibody, MAbA9-C6, binding site and two uveitopathogenic sites in S-antigen have been determined. Using cyanogen bromide, S-antigen was cleaved into nine peptides, designated C1 to C9. MAbA9-C6 bound selectively to one large peptide designated C5, consisting of 122 amino acids. Six peptides (20 to 22 amino acids in length) designated 2,3,K,L,N and M, corresponding to the entire length of peptide C5, were synthesized chemically. In a radioimmunoassay and a dot-binding immunoassay, MAbA9-C6 bound selectively to one of the six peptides, peptide 3, indicating that this region of peptide C5 contains the MAbA9-C6 binding site. Twelve smaller peptides (ten amino acids in length), corresponding to the amino acid sequence of peptide 3, were synthesized and used in a competitive inhibition binding assay. These studies localized the MAbA9-C6 binding site to a small region within peptide 3. In addition, peptide K and peptide M were highly pathogenic for the induction of experimental auto immune uveitis (EAU). Clinical and histological evidence of a severe uveo retinitis, indistinguishable from that seen with native S-antigen, was documented in Lewis rats immunized with the synthetic peptides (50 micrograms), 11-12 days following immunization. Our results show that the MAbA9-C6 binding site and the two uveitopathogenic sites lie in close proximity to each other within the region of S-antigen corresponding to peptide C5. Furthermore, microcomputer analysis of the average hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity values of the amino acid sequence corresponding to peptide C5 shows that the MAbA9-C6 binding site and one uveitopathogenic site (peptide K) lie on the adjacent peaks. The significance of these findings and their relationship to the role of S-antigen in the pathogenesis of EAU and the phototransduction of vision is discussed. PMID- 3492340 TI - [Sachol-Gel in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases]. PMID- 3492339 TI - [Sachol-Gel in the treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3492341 TI - Age and cardiac surgery. Influence on extravascular lung water. AB - This study was designed in order to evaluate the influence of advanced age on extravascular lung water (EVLW) content. Forty patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting were prospectively divided into two groups according to age below 45 years (group 1; n = 20) and above 65 years (group 2; n = 20). The EVLW was measured using the double indicator dilution technique with indocyanine green as the nondiffusible indicator. Starting from similar baseline values before extracorporeal circulation (ECC), EVLW significantly increased after ECC only in the elderly patients (max + 1.51 ml/kg), whereas lung water content in the other group remained almost unchanged. No significant differences in left ventricular filling pressure (PCP) could be observed. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between age and increase in EVLW after ECC. Simultaneously, PaO2 was decreased (-114 mm Hg) and intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) was increased only in this group. Within the next five hours after ECC, lung water returned nearly to baseline values and pulmonary function was normalized. It is concluded that increasing age was associated with a transient increase in EVLW after ECC due to a more pronounced fragility of the pulmonary endothelial membrane or/and to depressed left ventricular performance. PMID- 3492342 TI - In vitro and in vivo activity of coumermycin and other antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The in vitro activity of coumermycin, fusidic acid, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin was determined by broth microdilution assay against 33 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates from the Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Mich. Coumermycin was the most active drug tested, while fusidic acid, vancomycin, and cotrimoxazole also had good activity. The four antimicrobials were tested in vivo against 7 strains of MRSA employing the mouse protection model. Again, coumermycin was the most active, followed by vancomycin, cotrimoxazole, and fusidic acid. Coumermycin was very active, while vancomycin and fusidic acid were inactive in neutropenic mice infected with an MRSA strain. Coumermycin retained activity when given 18 h before an MRSA infection, while vancomycin activity was lost. Coumermycin was active in a local thigh infection while vancomycin was inactive. The results indicate that coumermycin is potent against MRSA with activity equal or superior to comparable agents in various experimental mouse infections. PMID- 3492343 TI - [Homeopathic treatment of hemorrhage of dental origin]. PMID- 3492344 TI - [Changes in the composition of synovial fluid in nontraumatic synovitis]. PMID- 3492345 TI - [Studies on monoclonal antibodies to human von Willebrand factor]. PMID- 3492346 TI - Predictors of acute relapse of Crohn's disease. A laboratory and clinical study. AB - Relapses of Crohn's disease appear to be almost random. If these attacks could be reliably predicted, it might be possible to abort them with early treatment. In order to identify laboratory and clinical parameters that would predict an acute relapse, patients who had been assessed clinically in the three months prior to an attack were studied. Published clinical indices as well as variety of laboratory parameters were measured. The clinical indices and the serum C reactive protein, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and iron were increased at the time of the attack as compared to three months earlier, while only the clinical indices, orosomucoid and alpha 1-antitrypsin increased between three months and one month prior to the attack. There was a poor correlation of the parameters to each other. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the specificity of the suggested indices in predicting acute relapses of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3492347 TI - Problems in color-vision screening of diabetic patients. PMID- 3492349 TI - Acetazolamide-induced changes of the membrane potentials of the retinal pigment epithelial cell. AB - Acetazolamide-induced changes of the apical (Vap) and basal (Vba) membrane potentials of the retinal pigment epithelial cell were studied in an in-vitro retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid of the frog. Both Vap and Vba were hyperpolarized by acetazolamide placed on either the apical or basal side of the RPE. In all cases, acetazolamide on the apical side hyperpolarized Vba more than Vap and decreased the transepithelial potential (TEP) across the RPE. In most cases, acetazolamide on the basal side hyperpolarized both Vap and Vba to almost equal degrees and hardly changed the TEP. We conclude that the Diamox response (a decrease of the ocular standing potential induced by an intravenous sodium acetazolamide) may be triggered by effects of acetazolamide on the apical side of the RPE and generated mainly by a hyperpolarization of the basal membrane of the RPE cell. PMID- 3492348 TI - Light induced oscillations of the standing potential in achromatopsia. AB - In three children with achromatopsia light-induced oscillations of the standing potential and electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded. A low drift direct current recording system was applied to monitor the changes of the standing potential under general anesthesia. In all children the scotopic ERG components were normal. No photopic components could be observed. The fast oscillations of the standing potential were normal under scotopic and photopic conditions. The light induced slow increase of the standing potential displayed low amplitudes and normal peak latencies. The results of our study support earlier investigations suggesting that cone-mediated mechanisms in the retina contribute a significant component to the amplitude of the light peak in the electroretinogram. PMID- 3492350 TI - Spectrally selective flash early receptor potential (ERP) in dichromats. AB - The human spectrally selective flash early receptor potential (ERP) was studied in 12 dichromats: 6 protanopes (12 eyes) and 6 deuteranopes (12 eyes). Color filters used were Kodak Wratten filters No.23A, No.57, and No.47 for the red, green, and blue flash ERPs, respectively. The ERP amplitude was measured between the summits of R1 and R2. Mean amplitudes of the red flash ERP and green flash ERP were highly significantly decreased in the protanopes (p less than 0.001) and deuteranopes (p less than 0.01) as compared with the corresponding data in 10 normal subjects (20 eyes). The mean amplitude of the blue flash ERP was significantly lower than normal (p less than 0.001) in the deuteranopes. The mean ratio of the blue flash ERP amplitude to the red flash ERP amplitude showed a highly significant increase in the protanopes (p less than 0.001) and a highly significant decrease in the deutoranopes (p less than 0.001) compared with the mean ratio in the normal subjects, indicating a new, useful index for the objective clinical detection of congenital color defects. PMID- 3492351 TI - [Post-synaptic effects of anticholinesterase agents in the frog sympathetic ganglion]. PMID- 3492352 TI - Pargyline and naltrexone fail to antagonize the gustatory avoidance response induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - The administration of the dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to rats following the consumption of a novel saccharin solution induced a gustatory avoidance response evidenced by a significant decrease in saccharin intake following its representation. Pretreatment with pargyline, an agent which prevents the metabolism of MPTP to the 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), did not potentiate or antagonize the magnitude of this aversion. Likewise, pretreatment with naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, failed to alter the gustatory avoidance response induced by MPTP. These observations indicate that MPTP is capable of inducing a gustatory avoidance response and that the mechanism mediating this response is not dependent upon the conversion of MPTP to MPP+ and does not involve the opiate receptor. PMID- 3492353 TI - [Gastrointestinal bleeding in solitary colonic ulcers]. AB - With the spread of coloileoscopy, solitary colon ulcers are being diagnosed more frequently nowadays. Their clinical significance consists in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. Whereas they were formerly diagnosed surgically only in complications such as perforation or massive hemorrhage, they are mainly discovered coloscopically today and are characterized by a course which can be controlled conservatively. The characteristics appear to be essentially unchanged: sex ratio (about 1:1), age peak (in the fifth decade of life), age distribution (20-80 years), in occasional cases up to four ulcers, diameter (a few millimeters up to about three cm) and localization (Bauhin's valve 58%, ascending colon 13%, cecum and sigmoid colon 10%). The histological investigation of biopsies reveals mainly unspecific alterations. The pathogenesis is mostly unknown, but above all ischemia, drugs and inflammatory processes are suspected to be the cause. PMID- 3492355 TI - [Endoscopic pressure measurement in distal esophageal varices. A prospective study]. AB - Portal pressure in distal oesophageal varices near the cardia was measured 71 times directly during endoscopy in 44 patients (average age: 52 years; 18 female and 26 male subjects) with confirmed diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension who had suffered from bleeding of oesophageal varices. No significant differences in portal pressure were seen on grouping the patients according to individual Child stages. However, a significant difference was found (P less than 0.01) on comparing the patients (n = 26) without recurrent bleeding (average follow-up period 10 months) with those who had an early (n = 5) and a late recurrent bleeding (n = 13). Although the number of cases was small a risk group for recurrent bleedings was defined at portal pressure values of 25 mm Hg and higher. PMID- 3492356 TI - [Interleukin 2]. PMID- 3492354 TI - [Molecular biology of the adrenogenital syndrome. New possibilities of heterozygote screening]. AB - The adrenogenital syndrome is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases. This disorder of adrenal biosynthesis can now be classified unequivocally on the basis of molecular biological techniques. In its classical form, this disease is characterized by loss of the gene region which codes for adrenal 21-hydroxylase. The techniques of gene analysis enable unequivocal identification of carriers of heterozygotic and homozygotic features and hence affords the basis for a rational concept for therapy of this disease. PMID- 3492357 TI - [Endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps]. AB - In 766 patients, 1413 polyps of the colon and the rectum were resected endoscopically. 79% of the polyps were located in the rectum and sigmoid colon. The histological examination revealed adenomatous polyps in 60%. 3.9% of the polyps showed a severe dysplasia in accordance with the WHO guidelines, and a further 3.1% already contained parts of an invasively growing carcinoma with involvement of the submucosa. Polyps in excess of 2 cm diameter had already undergone malignant transformation in 12%. However, the smallest malignant polyp was only 8 mm in size. Complications after endoscopic polypectomy occurred in 14 patients (1%); they could be controlled conservatively in 13 cases. Surgery was necessary in one case. No patient died. PMID- 3492358 TI - A comparative study of cefadroxil and co-trimoxazole in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. AB - The most common causative pathogens in lower respiratory disease are S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and S. pyogenes. Cefadroxil and co-trimoxazole, both orally administered broad spectrum antibiotics, are effective against these organisms when given in a twice-daily regimen. In this open randomised study, 42 patients with lower respiratory tract infections received cefadroxil 1 g or co trimoxazole 1 double-strength tablet every 12 hours for a mean duration of 11 and 13 days, respectively. Pathogens were isolated in the pre-treatment sputum of 51% of patients given cefadroxil and in 25% of those who received co-trimoxazole. Similar overall cure rates were observed after treatment with cefadroxil (67%) and co-trimoxazole (60%); sputum purulence was similarly diminished by both drugs (91% and 85%, respectively). Neither antibiotic caused serious side effects. Thus, in a convenient twice-daily regimen, cefadroxil and co-trimoxazole are comparably effective in treating lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3492359 TI - [Side effects of anti-inflammatory analgesics]. PMID- 3492360 TI - Urinary excretion of epidermal growth factor in the newborn. AB - Urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) excretion was studied serially in 36 newborn infants, from 26 to 40 weeks gestation, from birth to three months of age. All infants excreted EGF from birth. Excretion was significantly higher in term infants than in preterm infants at birth; in term infants excretion rose steadily in early infancy and there was a similar but delayed rise in EGF excretion by preterm infants. Urinary EGF excretion appears to be related to age from conception and birth does not influence it. There was no correlation between urinary EGF excretion and the rapid maturation of the lungs and skin which occurs in preterm infants in the early neonatal period. PMID- 3492361 TI - Fetal movement in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. AB - Changes in fetal motor activity may reflect changes in central nervous function and in the health of the fetus. Recording of fetal movement (FM) has therefore been suggested as a method of assessing fetal well-being. To establish the normal range of FMs in the third trimester of pregnancy, FMs were studied cross sectionally in 180 and longitudinally in 6 healthy women with normal pregnancies. FMs were recorded simultaneously by the mother and by a FM detector using four piezo-electric crystals attached to the maternal abdomen. The recordings lasted for 45 min (cross-sectional study) or 30 min (longitudinal study). The median numbers of FMs recorded during 45 min by the FM detector and by the mother were 85 (2.5th percentile, 14; 97.5th percentile, 232) and 41 (2.5th percentile, 10; 97.5th percentile, 135), respectively. The median 45-min incidences of FMs recorded by the FM detector and by the mother were 8.1% (2.5th percentile, 1.3; 97.5th percentile, 30.2) and 3.7% (2.5th percentile, 0.9; 97.5th percentile, 15.6), respectively. Neither the number nor the incidence of FMs changed appreciably as gestational age advanced. The interindividual variance in the number and incidence of FMs was two to three times greater than the intra individual variance (longitudinal study). The large variation in the quantity of FMs recorded during 30 and 45 min limits the value of using quantitative FM recording for antepartum fetal monitoring. Individualized normal limits of the quantity of FMs might be preferable to general limits. PMID- 3492362 TI - LH/hCG receptor in pig follicular fluid. AB - Follicular fluid isolated from large porcine follicles has been shown to have a specific water soluble 125I-hCG binding sites. After the binding of hCG to follicular fluid the receptor was stabilized against thermal denaturation. The release of LH/hCG receptor into follicular fluid was found to be dependent on its level in follicular cells which was increased together with the maturation of the follicle matures and, in part, could be related to membrane fluidity of the cells. The degree of fluorescence polarization of DPH and the order parameter of 5-doxyl-stearic acid labelled granulosa cells were lower in cells harvested from large follicles (6-12 mm) than in cells from small follicles (1-2 mm). It is suggested that soluble LH/hCG receptor may be actively released from follicular cells into follicular fluid. Specific hCG binding sites were found in the follicular fluid of the pig, rabbit, rat and cow, but not in that of sheep. PMID- 3492364 TI - Effect of prostaglandin A1 and A2 on thyrotropin secretion in rats. AB - The effects of prostaglandin A1 and A2 (PG A1, A2) on secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) in vivo and in vitro were studied. Hundred micrograms per kg of PG A1 and A2 were injected i. v., and the animals were serially decapitated. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), TSH and thyroid hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Effects of Pg A1 and A2 from anterior pituitary gland were also investigated by means of an in vitro experiment. Plasma and hypothalamic concentrations of immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) did not change after PG A1 and A2 injection. Basal plasma TSH levels significantly increased with a peak at 20 min after PG A1 and A2 injection. The plasma ir-TRH response to cold did not differ from that of the control, while the plasma TSH response to cold was significantly enhanced by PG A1 and A2. The plasma TSH response to TRH was also enhanced by PG A1 and A2. The plasma thyroid hormone did not change significantly after PG A1 and A2 injection. TSH release from anterior pituitary in vitro significantly increased after the addition of PG A1 and A2 to medium. These findings suggest that PG A1 and A2 stimulate TSH secretion from anterior pituitary in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 3492363 TI - Circadian rhythms of urinary sodium, potassium and some agents influencing their excretion in young borderline hypertensives. AB - The circadian rhythms of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), aldosterone (ALDO), 11 deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-hydroxy-DOC (18-OH-DOC), cortisol (F), corticosterone (B), adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), metanephrine (MN), normetanephrine (NMN), homovanillic acid (HVA), kallikrein (KE) and prostaglandins E (PGE) and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) excretion were studied in eight young borderline hypertensive men (BHT) and in six healthy age-matched normotensive subjects (NT) during hospitalization, after adaptation to the hospital regimen and a diet containing 135 mmol Na+ and 90 nmol K+. Urine samples were collected in 4 h periods for 24 h: 1. at normal daily activity, 2. during a 24 h bed rest. The results were evaluated by means of cosinor analysis. The circadian rhythms of ALDO, F, B, 18-OH-DOC and PGF2 alpha excretion were similar in both groups, with the exception of higher mesors of urinary ACTH-dependent corticosteroids in BHT at normal daily activity. Differences were observed in the rhythms of Na+, A, NA, DA, HVA and PGE excretion, this, however, above all during the normal daily regimen. The curve of urinary Na+ was flat in BHT due to a higher portion of Na+ excreted during the night. In the rhythms of A, NA and PGE excretion, the acrophases were shifted to the later hours in BHT, and the mesors of A and NA were also significantly higher. In contrast, DA and HVA excretion curves were flat with a lower mesor. These changes normalized, or at least mitigated, during a 24 h bed rest. The results of the study show that the circadian rhythm of Na+ excretion are disturbed already in the initial stage of hypertension. The likely cause is the exaggerated rise in adrenergic activity in the kidney during the day, induced by orthostasis and the concomitant physical (and mental?) activity, which is inadequately compensated for by the activation of natriuretic mechanisms. PMID- 3492365 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates glucocorticoid-induced alteration in serum bone Gla protein and bone histomorphometry. AB - Glucocorticoid excess is associated with alterations in the vitamin D endocrine system. The aim of this study was to assess change in serum bone Gla protein (BGP) after low and high dose cortisone acetate treatment and to assess whether these alterations are altered or attenuated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] administration. Five groups of rats were studied and compared to a control group [cortisone acetate in doses of 0.2, 3.3, and 5.0 mg/100 g BW; 1,25 (OH)2D3 in a dose of 100 ng/100 g BW; and a combination of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (100 ng/100 g BW) plus cortisone acetate (3.3 mg/100 g BW)]. Each animal received daily sc injections for 27 days. BGP decreased significantly by day 7 in the two groups receiving high doses of cortisone acetate compared to control group values (65.20 +/- 4.38 vs. 150.18 +/- 6.13 ng/ml in the intermediate dose group and 91.57 +/- 5.30 vs. 150.18 +/- 6.13 ng/ml in the high dose group; P less than 0.01); this effect persisted until day 28. Histomorphometry revealed decreased formation and resorption in the two high dose cortisone acetate groups, whereas low dose cortisone acetate produced no histological change. The combination therapy lessens any change in BGP until day 28 when BGP was lower than the control value (P less than 0.01); histomorphometry showed that combination therapy prevents the effect of cortisone acetate by increasing bone formation and resorption. The data demonstrate that high doses of cortisone acetate suppress bone formation and that this is reflected in the low serum BGP values. Thus, BGP may be a marker of glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. 1,25-(OH)2D3 protects against glucocorticoid-induced bone disease and the normal BGP level reflects this. PMID- 3492366 TI - Epidermal growth factor decreases thyroid hormone receptors and attenuates thyroid hormone responses in GH4C1 cells. AB - The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of long term exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF) on thyroid hormone responses as well as the concentration of specific nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in GH4C1 rat pituitary tumor cells. GH4C1 cells were first incubated for 48 h in medium with 5% fetal calf serum depleted of thyroid hormones by ion exchange resin. EGF had no effect on thyroid hormone receptors after 2 h, but decreased [125I]T3 binding to 56% of control values at 24 h and 68% at 48 h. L-T3 (0.5 nM) caused down regulation of thyroid hormone receptors, and addition of EGF caused a further decrease. T3 alone (0.5 nM) caused a 2- to 3-fold induction of GH after 48 h, and GH induction was significantly inhibited by the addition of 10 nM EGF. Scatchard analysis of specific nuclear [125I]T3 binding showed that 48-h incubation with 10 nM EGF decreased T3 receptors from a Bmax of 2.35 to 1.26 pmol/mg DNA in thyroid hormone-depleted medium without affecting receptor affinity (Kd, 80 pM). The decrease in nuclear thyroid hormone receptors caused by EGF was dose dependent, with half-maximal inhibition at 0.10 nM EGF. EGF attenuated the GH response to T3 with similar dose-response characteristics. When cells were incubated for 48 h with different concentrations of T3, EGF (10 nM) decreased thyroid hormone receptors to 56-72% of control values regardless of the dose of T3, and EGF shifted the ED50 for T3 stimulation of GH from 0.1 to 1.2 nM. EGF also reduced from 5- to 1.8-fold the increase in cell number caused by thyroid hormone over 2 weeks. In contrast, EGF stimulation of PRL synthesis was changed only slightly by thyroid hormone at all times. In conclusion, we demonstrate that low concentrations of EGF decrease nuclear thyroid hormone receptors and thyroid hormone responses; this may be the mechanism by which EGF suppresses T3-induced GH production in GH4C1 cells. PMID- 3492367 TI - Monoclonal antibodies can enhance the biological activity of thyrotropin. AB - In this work we demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies (MABs) to TSH can enhance the biological actions of TSH in vivo. Hypopituitary Snell dwarf mice were injected with TSH (25, 50, or 100 mU/day) alone or complexed with MAB-GC73 once per day for 5 days; control animals received PBS. Radioactive sulfate (35SO4(2-)) was also injected on the fifth day and animals were killed 20 h later. Thyroids were removed for histology, blood taken for T4 estimations by RIA, and 35SO4(2-) uptake into costal cartilage in vivo was measured. In control mice thyroid histology revealed small follicles comprised of small flattened epithelial cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio; colloid was dark with little vacuolation. In animals treated with TSH alone there was moderate evidence of activation in most of these features. However, a marked response was noted in animals treated with TSH plus MAB-GC73; characteristically, there was little interfollicular tissue and the follicles, which were large and comprised of cuboidal cells, contained pale, finely vacuolated cytoplasm. Both TSH alone and TSH complexed with MAB-GC73 promoted a significant dose-dependent increase in serum T4 levels. The two higher doses of TSH plus MAB-GC73 promoted a significantly greater increase in serum levels of T4 than that in groups receiving the same dose of TSH alone. Uptake of 35SO4(2-) into costal cartilage showed a significant correlation with serum T4 levels. In similar experiments significant increases in salivary gland epidermal growth factor content of male dwarf mice were observed. This work demonstrated that MAB enhancement of hormone action is not restricted to human GH, suggesting a more general phenomenon. PMID- 3492368 TI - Evaluation of murine placental degradation and transfer of [125I]iodo-epidermal growth factor. AB - Since epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been postulated to play a role in embryonic and fetal growth, a study was undertaken to assess the placental degradation and transfer of maternally administered EGF. Before iodination, mouse EGF was purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase HPLC. Approximately 5 ng [125I]iodo-EGF (approximately 10(6) cpm) were injected iv into day 10, day 13, or day 17 pregnant CD-1 mice; radioactivity in plasma, placentas, and conceptuses was measured up to 2 h after injection. The time course analysis revealed an initial rapid decline in total plasma radioactivity followed by an increase that was maximal by approximately 30 min. Gel filtration (G-15, G-50) chromatography of plasma revealed that by 5 min, radioactivity was associated with free 125I and with material much larger than EGF. No apparent degradation of [125I]iodo-EGF occurred after direct incubation with maternal plasma. Placental radioactivity had an initial phase of decay between 1 and 5 min followed by an increase that became maximal between 30 and 60 min. Extracts of placentas made with 4 M urea in 0.2 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, and taken 1-30 min after injection revealed radioactivity coeluting predominantly with [125I]iodo-EGF at 1 min but shifting to mostly free 125I by 30 min. Uptake of radioactivity by conceptuses was not evident until about 15 min, and only free 125I was detected in extracts; the same results were obtained when 5 micrograms unlabeled EGF were injected simultaneously with [125I]iodo-EGF. Incubation of placental mince with [125I]iodo-EGF yielded [125I]MIT as the apparent major radioactive degradation product. Formation of [125I]MIT in vitro was both time- and temperature-dependent. At 37 C, marked formation of [125I]MIT was observed; at 22 C, only a negligible amount was formed after incubation of mince with [125I]iodo-EGF for 60 min. Incubation of [125I]iodo-EGF with kidney mince yielded predominantly free 125I. When tissues were incubated directly with [125I]MIT, kidney tissue deiodinated the [125I]MIT, but placental tissue did not. When [125I]iodo-EGF was incubated for up to 2 h with kidney tissue in the presence of excess MIT (unlabeled), the major degradation product eluted as [125I]MIT, instead of free 125I. These findings suggest that the mouse placenta can readily bind and then degrade [125I]iodo-EGF to constituent amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3492369 TI - Interleukin-1 stimulates thyroid cell growth and increases the concentration of the c-myc proto-oncogene mRNA in thyroid follicular cells in culture. AB - In the course of studies of cell-mediated immunity in Graves' disease, we noted that normal peripheral blood monocytes, when stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, conditioned their media with a factor that had the physicochemical properties of the lymphokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) and that enhanced DNA synthesis and replication in quiescent FRTL5 cells, a line of nontransformed rat thyroid follicular cells. This finding led to the present studies, in which the effect of IL-1 (recombinant IL-1-p) on DNA synthesis in FRTL5 was explored. In the absence of serum, IL-1 induced a small, but significant, increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Calf serum (0.5%) alone also stimulated DNA synthesis slightly, but it greatly enhanced, in a synergistic manner, the stimulatory response to IL-1, decreasing the minimally effective concentration of IL-1 and amplifying the response to higher concentrations. A similar synergism was noted when quiescent FRTL5 were cultured with a combination of IL-1 and a low concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which itself stimulated DNA synthesis modestly. IL-1 also increased levels of the mRNA of the proto-oncogene c-myc in quiescent FRTL5, as TSH does, an effect thought to reflect commitment of the cell to increased growth. The findings indicate that IL-1 is an independent stimulator of thyroid cell growth, and that its effects are greatly enhanced by serum, probably in large measure by the IGF-I contained therein. They raise the possibility that IL-1 generated locally by intrathyroid macrophages may act directly by a short-loop mechanism to increase goiter formation in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3492370 TI - Effect of chronic secretagogue exposure on pro-adrenocorticotropin/endorphin production and secretion in primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary. AB - The effects of rat CRF, arginine vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OXY), and isoproterenol (ISO) on the biosynthesis and release of pro-ACTH/endorphin-derived peptides by monolayer cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells in complete serum free medium (CSFM) were studied. When cells were exposed to hormone for 3 h, CRF, VP, OXY, and ISO were each able to stimulate secretion of immunoactive hormone into culture medium. To determine the effects of chronic secretagogue exposure on corticotrope function, cultures were exposed to hormone for 14 days, and total hormone production was measured by immunoassay (cumulative hormone secreted plus cell hormone content). In the absence of CRF, total hormone production increased 3.6 +/- 0.2-fold (mean +/- SEM) over the period from 2-14 days; chronic CRF treatment brought about a 7.9 +/- 0.7-fold increase in total hormone production over the same period (P less than 0.0025) or a 2.2-fold increase over control cells. Total hormone production was not affected by chronic treatment with VP (100 nM), OXY (100 nM), or ISO (100 nM); the response of the cells to chronic CRF treatment was unaltered by chronic inclusion of VP, OXY, or ISO. To examine the chronic effects of secretagogues more directly, anterior pituitary cells were grown in control CSFM or in CSFM containing CRF or VP for 7 days and then incubated in medium containing radiolabeled amino acid for 15 min. The newly synthesized pro-ACTH/endorphin was quantified by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Cells grown in CSFM containing CRF synthesized 1.9 times more labeled pro-ACTH/endorphin that cells grown in control CSFM or in CSFM containing VP. Chronic exposure of anterior pituitary cultures to 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated both synthesis and release of pro-ACTH/endorphin-derived peptides, suggesting that a secretagogue capable of producing a sustained elevation in intracellular cAMP levels will stimulate prohormone synthesis. PMID- 3492371 TI - Targeting of chemical mutagens to differentiating B-lymphocytes in vivo: detection by direct DNA labeling and sister chromatid exchange induction. AB - In vivo systems for analyzing mutagen interactions with a specific differentiating cell population are rare. Taking advantage of the unique anatomical features of the bursa of Fabricius in the chicken, we explored the possibility of targeting chemical mutagens to a defined differentiating cell population in the animal, namely, the B-lymphocytes series. Such cells are known to be the targets for the oncogene-activating avian leukosis virus. Targeting of chemicals to cells of the bursa was demonstrated by application of the DNA specific fluorochrome 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to the anal lips of neonatal chicks. Bright nuclear fluorescence of cells in the bursa was demonstrated to occur within minutes after the application of 500 microliters of DAPI. DAPI labeling of nuclei was detected up to several days after a single application. No nuclear labeling was exhibited in cells of neighboring tissues. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (10 microliters) was applied to the anal lips of day-old chicks to study dose-response kinetics for mutagen targeting to DNA of dividing B-lymphocytes in the bursa. Since the mitotic index was found to be quite high (25-30%) in the bursa, chromosome analysis was used to assay for genome damage. Sister chromatid exchange frequencies of 3.9, 7.3, and 9.0 (baseline 2.5) per cell were obtained at MMS dosages per animal of 50 micrograms, 100 micrograms, and 200 micrograms respectively. These indicate the rapid and quantitative localization of DNA-binding chemicals to cells of the bursa, particularly the resident B-lymphocytes. The bursa should be a useful system for studying mutagen-DNA interactions in the differentiating B-lymphocyte and subsequent influences on the development of immunity and lymphoproliferative disease. PMID- 3492372 TI - Stress and coping in early adolescence: relationships to substance use in urban school samples. AB - Measures of stress and coping were obtained from two cohorts of urban adolescents during the seventh- to eighth-grade period and were related to indices of cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Predictions were derived from a stress coping model of substance use. Stress was indexed by measures of subjective stress, recent events, and major life events; coping was assessed by behavior-based and intention-based methods. Concurrent and prospective analyses were consistent with predictions, indicating that stress was positively related to substance use, and four coping mechanisms (behavioral coping, cognitive coping, adult social support, and relaxation) were inversely related to substance use. Two types of predicted interactions, Stress X Coping and Positive X Negative Events, were found. Measures indexing peer support, distraction coping, and aggressive coping were positively related to substance use, independent of other predictors. Implications for substance use theory and prevention research are discussed. PMID- 3492373 TI - Air transport pilot involvement in general aviation accidents. PMID- 3492374 TI - In vitro activity of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - The in vitro activity of amoxicillin in the presence of clavulanic acid against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis was assessed in comparison with ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefaclor and erythromycin. The isolates were selected so as to yield equal numbers of beta-lactamase producing and non-beta-lactamase producing strains of the two species. MICs obtained by agar dilution indicated that amoxicillin in the presence of clavulanic acid was the most active of the drugs tested. Clavulanic acid potentiated the activity of amoxicillin against beta-lactamase-producing strains of both Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. Further studies on a few strains of each species revealed that the beta-lactamase of Haemophilus influenzae (TEM-1) rapidly inactivated ampicillin and slowly inactivated cefaclor but not cefuroxime. The Branhamella catarrhalis enzyme rapidly inactivated cefaclor, ampicillin and to some extent cefuroxime. Clavulanic acid afforded protection against the beta-lactamase action of both species when beta-lactam antibiotics were added to bacterial cultures. PMID- 3492375 TI - Influence of antibiotics on intestinal mucin in healthy subjects. AB - To determine the effect on microbial breakdown of intestinal mucin healthy volunteers were treated orally with ten different antibiotics. The most pronounced effects were seen after administration of bacitracin, clindamycin or vancomycin: the electrophoretic mucin pattern in faeces changed from a normal conventional pattern to a specific pattern similar to that found in germ-free rats. Disturbed patterns were also observed in some of the subjects treated with ampicillin, doxycycline, erythromycin, metronidazole or nalidixic acid. In most cases the electrophoretic mucin pattern normalized within five weeks after the end of treatment. There were no effects on the microbial breakdown of intestinal mucin in the groups treated with ofloxacin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Thus, administration of antimicrobial drugs in clinically recommended doses may cause long-term disturbances in one microflora-associated characteristic, the breakdown of intestinal mucin. PMID- 3492376 TI - Field testing of modified Bieling media for the isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi in Kenya. PMID- 3492378 TI - Analgesic activity of propyphenazone in patients with pain following oral surgery. AB - The acute analgesic effect of single oral doses of 150 and 300 mg propyphenazone, 1000 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and placebo was investigated in 210 patients with pain following dental surgery. At most time points over the 3-hour observation period all the active medications had a significantly greater analgesic effect than placebo according to all the methods of pain assessment used. Both doses of propyphenazone reached their peak activity sooner than ASA, and their duration of action tended to be shorter. On a per milligram basis, the relative analgesic potency of propyphenazone was about twice that of ASA. All test substances were well tolerated. Side effects, such as tiredness, nausea, headache, dizziness etc., were reported by less than 20% of the patients. The nature of the adverse reactions was similar for all medications, and as they were recorded most frequently after placebo, they cannot therefore be definitely ascribed to one or the other of the active test substances. PMID- 3492377 TI - Genetic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Singapore hospitals. PMID- 3492379 TI - Suppression of overt diabetes in NOD mice by anti-thymocyte serum or anti-Thy 1, 2 antibody. AB - Effects of anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) and anti-Thy 1, 2 monoclonal antibody on the spontaneously occurring diabetes in NOD mice were examined. Spontaneous diabetes in female mice was markedly suppressed by intravenous injection of rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum diluted to 1:4 on three consecutive days during the time period from 70 to 100 days after birth; the cumulative incidence of overt diabetes upto 195 days of age was greatly reduced and the onset of diabetes was delayed. Similar effect was observed with anti-Thy 1, 2 antibody treatment. These findings suggest that T lymphocytes play a role in the production of spontaneous diabetes in this mouse strain. PMID- 3492381 TI - European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 2. Experimental equipment and methods. AB - A series of vestibular experiments were performed in conjunction with the first Spacelab mission, consisting of sets of pre-, in- and postflight tests. A multipurpose experimental apparatus used for the diverse flight and ground tests is presented. Additional apparatus together with the multi-purpose package were used in the baseline data collection facility at the landing site at NASA Dryden Flight Research Facility for the ground tests. The tests involved optokinetic, caloric and mechanical (whole-body or head-alone) stimulation. The latter included linear acceleration in the subject's x, y and z axes, static roll and yaw about an earth-vertical axis. Physiological parameters such as electro oculogram (EOG), blood-volume-pulse (BVP), respiration, as well as the stimulus variables such as acceleration and caloric temperature were transmitted to the ground and recorded there. The flight and ground testing schedules are outlined. Problems arising from this complex venture are discussed, and some suggestions are made for future improvement. PMID- 3492383 TI - European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 4. Thresholds of perception of whole-body linear oscillation. AB - Thresholds for the detection of linear oscillatory motion at 0.3 Hz in the X, Y and Z body axes were determined during the flight of Spacelab-1 and on the ground pre- and post-flight, using the method of limits with a single staircase procedure. Pre-flight, Z axis thresholds (mean 0.077 ms-2) were significantly higher than X and Y thresholds (mean 0.029 ms-2). Measures obtained on three crew members in-flight exhibited thresholds greater, by a factor of 1.5-4.3, than those obtained pre-flight. Post-flight, two crew members had significantly elevated X and Y axis thresholds whereas the other two crew members had lowered thresholds in X, Y and Z axes. In general, thresholds had returned to pre-flight levels by the second post-flight day. A possible explanation for these somewhat disparate responses is presented. PMID- 3492380 TI - European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 1. Overview. AB - During the flight of Spacelab-1 a series of vestibular experiments was performed on the crew by a group of European investigators. Control experiments were carried out on the same subjects pre- and postflight. The tests included caloric stimulation of the ears, threshold measurements of response to linear acceleration, motion sickness provocative stimuli, vestibulo-ocular reflexes during linear and angular stimulation, estimation of the subjective vertical (luminous line measurements) and static ocular counterrotation at various tilt angles. The caloric experiment proved the existence of a nonthermoconvective mechanism of caloric nystagmus in space. Most of the other test results point to a greater dependence on visual and somatosensory than on otolith cues in the microgravity environment. Some results, in particular the raised threshold to perception of linear acceleration in flight and the temporary reduction of ocular counterrotation at lateral tilts postflight, suggest a decreased gain of the otolith system as a possible effect of space vestibular adaptation. PMID- 3492384 TI - M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 1. Sensory adaptation to weightlessness and readaptation to one-g: an overview. AB - Experiments on human spatial orientation were conducted on four crewmembers of Space Shuttle Spacelab Mission 1. This introductory paper presents the conceptual background of the project, the relationship among the experiments and their relevance to a "sensory reinterpretation hypothesis". Detailed experiment procedures and results are presented in the accompanying papers in this series. The overall findings are discussed in this article as they pertain to the following aspects of hypothesized sensory reinterpretation in weightlessness: utricular otolith afferent signals are reinterpreted as indicating head translation rather than tilt, sensitivity of reflex responses to footward acceleration is reduced, and increased weighting is given to visual and tactile cues in orientation perception and posture control. Three subjects developed space motion sickness symptoms, which abated after several days. Head movements, as well as visual and tactile cues to orientation influenced symptoms in a manner consistent with the sensory-motor conflict theory of space motion sickness. Six short duration tests of motion sickness susceptibility, conducted pre-flight, failed to predict sickness intensity in weightlessness. An early otolith-spinal reflex, measured by electromyography from the gastrocnemius-soleus muscles during sudden footward acceleration, was inhibited immediately upon entering weightlessness and declined further during the flight, but was unchanged from pre flight when measured shortly after return to earth. Dynamic visual-vestibular interaction was studied by measuring subjective roll self-motion created by looking into a spinning drum. Results suggest increased weighting of visual cues and reduced weighting of graviceptor signals in weightlessness. Following the 10 day flight, erect posture with eyes closed was disturbed for several days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492382 TI - European vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 3. Caloric nystagmus in microgravity. AB - Response to caloric stimulation was examined in two subjects in the weightless environment of orbital flight. Using air insufflation, a binaural temperature stimulus profile was performed twice on each subject during flight. In all but one test, which was carried out on the first mission day, a caloric nystagmus was registered. This zero-g nystagmus was similar to ground-based pre- and postflight responses with regard to its intensity, its temporal correlation with the stimulus profile (nystagmus was always directed towards the warmer ear) and the subjective sensations reported by the tested subjects. These findings demonstrate that mechanisms other than thermoconvection are involved in the elicitation of the caloric nystagmus response. At each stage of the temperature stimulus profile, linear acceleratory stimulation was presented in the form of oscillations in the X-axis. Some differences were found between one-g and zero-g conditions in the resultant modification of the nystagmus response. PMID- 3492385 TI - M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 2. Visual vestibular tilt interaction in weightlessness. AB - Adaptation to weightlessness includes the substitution of other sensory signals for the no longer appropriate graviceptor information concerning static spatial orientation. Visual-vestibular interaction producing roll circularvection was studied in weightlessness to assess the influence of otolith cues on spatial orientation. Preliminary results from four subjects tested on Spacelab-1 indicate that visual orientation effects were stronger in weightlessness than pre-flight. The rod and frame test of visual field dependence showed a weak post-flight increase in visual influence. Localized tactile cues applied to the feet in space reduced subjective vection strength. PMID- 3492386 TI - M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 5. Postural responses following exposure to weightlessness. AB - The four science crewmembers of Spacelab-1 were tested for postural control before and after a 10 day mission in weightlessness. Previous reports have shown changes in astronaut postural behavior following a return to earth's 1-g field. This study was designed to identify changes in EMG latency and amplitudes that might explain the instabilities observed post-flight. Erect posture was tested by having the subject stand on a pneumatically driven posture platform which pitched rapidly and unexpectedly about the ankles causing dorsi- and plantarflexion. Electromyographic (EMG) activity from the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemiussoleus muscles was measured during eyes open and eyes closed trials. The early (pre 500 ms) EMG response characteristics (latency, amplitude) in response to a disturbance in the posture of the subject were apparently unchanged by the 10 days of weightlessness. However, the late (post 500 ms) response showed higher amplitudes than was found pre-flight. General postural control was quantitatively measured pre- and post-flight by a "sharpened Romberg Rails test". This test showed decrements in standing stability with eyes closed for several days post-flight. PMID- 3492387 TI - M.I.T./Canadian vestibular experiments on the Spacelab-1 mission: 6. Vestibular reactions to lateral acceleration following ten days of weightlessness. AB - Tests of otolith function were performed pre-flight and post-flight on the science crew of the first Spacelab Mission with a rail-mounted linear acceleration sled. Four tests were performed using horizontal lateral (y-axis) acceleration: perception of linear motion, a closed loop nulling task, dynamic ocular torsion, and lateral eye deviations. The motion perception test measured the time to detect the onset and direction of near threshold accelerations. Post flight measures of threshold and velocity constant obtained during the days immediately following the mission showed no consistent pattern of change among the four crewmen compared to their pre-flight baseline other than an increased variability of response. In the closed loop nulling task, crewmen controlled the motion of the sled and attempted to null a computer-generated random disturbance motion. When performed in the light, no difference in ability was noted between pre-flight and post-flight. In the dark, however, two of the four crewmen exhibited somewhat enhanced performance post-flight. Dynamic ocular torsion was measured in response to sinusoidal lateral acceleration which produces a gravitionertial stimulus equivalent to lateral head tilt without rotational movement of the head. Results available for two crewmen suggest a decreased amplitude of sinusoidal ocular torsion when measured on the day of landing (R+0) and an increasing amplitude when measured during the week following the mission. PMID- 3492388 TI - Vestibulo-spinal response modification as determined with the H-reflex during the Spacelab-1 flight. AB - Our laboratory at the Johnson Space Center has employed the H-reflex recorded from the soleus muscle as a method of monosynaptic reflex testing in conjunction with vertical linear acceleration to assess modification of utriculo-saccular function induced through prolonged exposure to microgravity. It was hypothesized that exposure to free fall would reduce the necessity for postural reflexes in the major leg muscles, and that postural modification would reflect a change, not in the peripheral vestibular organs, but more centrally. This postural adjustment would reflect a sensory motor rearrangement where otolith receptor input was reinterpreted to provide an environmentally appropriate response. In addition to the H-reflex (which was the only inflight measurement), vestibulo-spinal EMG from the gastrocnemius, and self-motion reports were obtained in response to a sudden earth vertical fall. Preflight, inflight and postflight motion sickness reports were also recorded, and related to the H-reflex data. The results indicated that early inflight H-reflex amplitude was similar to that recorded preflight, but that measurements obtained later in the flight (day seven) did not show a change in potentiation as a function of the different drop to shock intervals. Immediate postflight H-reflex response in three of the four astronauts tested showed a rebound effect. Postflight gastrocnemius EMG in response to the sudden fall did not show a significant change from preflight values. However, one crewman who was tested early postflight did show an increase in EMG activity in response to the sudden fall. This immediate postflight effect returned to baseline rapidly. Self motion perception obtained inflight suggested that the early inflight drops were perceived like those preflight. Drops later inflight were described as sudden, fast, hard and translational in nature. Immediately postflight the drops were perceived like those late inflight, and the astronauts said that they did not feel as though they were falling, rather the floor came up to meet them. Post hoc peak H-reflex amplitude, both preflight and postflight was related to inflight space motion sickness. PMID- 3492389 TI - Extraocular proprioceptive signals affect ocular motor activity neither directly nor parametrically in the presence of optokinetic or vestibular stimulation in the frog. AB - Direct and parametric effects of stretch receptors in the extraocular muscles on abducens nerve activity were investigated in the unanesthetized immobilized frog. Horizontal passive rotations of one eye in the physiological range (+/- 5 degrees) did not elicit responses in the activity of abducens nerve on either side; however, larger rotations or pull of one eye evoked long latency direction unspecific responses simultaneously in both nerves. When the animal was stimulated vestibulary in the horizontal plane with sinusoidal or constant acceleration, abducens activity was not altered in correlation to passive eye movements in the physiological range. Similarly, the activity of either nerve evoked by simultaneous or preceding optokinetic stimulation of one eye with constant pattern velocity was not modified by passive rotation of the contralateral eye. PMID- 3492390 TI - Floccular lesions abolish adaptive control of post-saccadic ocular drift in primates. AB - After several days of exposure to optically-imposed post-saccadic retinal slip, the saccades of normal monkeys acquire an exponential ocular drift. This drift is in the direction of the imposed image motion, and persists in the dark. It has been argued that these changes result from the operation of a visually mediated adaptive mechanism that normally functions to minimize post-saccadic ocular drift. Adaptation to persistent post-saccadic retinal slip was assessed in two rhesus monkeys before and after bilateral ablations of the flocculi and portions of the paraflocculi ("flocculectomy"). After flocculectomy, both monkeys showed some post-saccadic ocular drift. Flocculectomized animals also failed to adapt to optically-imposed post-saccadic slip. We infer from this that the flocculi and/or paraflocculi are necessary for the successful suppression of post-saccadic ocular drift. PMID- 3492392 TI - Cell membrane changes induced by lonidamine in human erythrocytes and T lymphocytes, and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Lonidamine, a derivative of indazol carboxylic acid, has been found to exert a powerful inhibitory effect on oxygen consumption and aerobic glycolysis of neoplastic cells through mechanisms yet to be defined. Recent freeze-fracture studies have shown that Lonidamine alters the distribution of intramembranous particles in the plasma membrane, suggesting that the cell membranes, rather than the energy metabolism, are the drug's primary target. The present study was carried out to further evaluate the effects of Lonidamine on cell membranes, using normal human erythrocytes and T lymphocytes and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as cell models. These studies indicate that plasma and mitochondrial membranes are the primary site of the drug's action, though other cell membranes seem to be affected as well. Thus, Lonidamine inhibition of energy metabolism in nucleated cells reported in previous studies must be considered as a consequence of the structural damage of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, which in turn affects respiration and glycolysis and then cell viability. PMID- 3492391 TI - Characteristics of eye velocity storage during periods of suppression and reversal of eye velocity in monkeys. AB - An eye velocity storage mechanism has been postulated in the vestibulo optokinetic system to account for the prolongation of vestibular nystagmus (VN) and the occurrence of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). Presentation of a subject-stationary full-field surround during VN and OKAN (= full-field fixation) rapidly reduces activity related to eye velocity of the storage mechanism. If the subject-stationary full-field surround is presented for short periods during VN or OKAN, nystagmus resumes when the animal is again in darkness, but at a lesser velocity than would be predicted from a control response. This reduction in peak eye velocity after fixation reflects a decrease in activity of the storage mechanism due to full-field fixation. This decrease in activity occurs with a shorter time constant compared to that in control trials, it has been called "dumping". We demonstrate that a subject-stationary small target light presented during VN or OKAN (= target fixation) also reduces activity of the storage mechanism with a time constant slightly greater than that for full-field fixation, but still considerably smaller than that in control trials. In 3 monkeys the time constant of discharge was reduced during the post-rotatory period from 20 s in control trials to 4.6 s by fixation of a single target light and to 2.9 s by fixation of a full-field. The time constant of discharge was reduced during OKAN from 13.2 s in control trials to 3.8 s by target fixation and to 2.6 s by full-field fixation. We report a second experimental paradigm with which the dynamics of visual-vestibular interaction involving the eye velocity storage mechanism is analysed by means of transient step responses. In this paradigm eye velocity due to activation of the storage mechanism (OKAN) is forced to reverse by a short exposure to a full-field moving in the opposite direction of the slow phases of nystagmus. Short periods of eye velocity reversal did not reduce activity of the storage mechanism more rapidly than fixation, i.e. suppression of eye velocity alone. Fixation of a full-field or of a single target light during vestibular or optokinetic stimulation reduces peak nystagmus velocity after stimulation when monkeys are in darkness. Suppression of OKN by target fixation during full-field stimulation reduces the initial eye velocity of OKAN to 15-20% compared to the OKAN velocity when OKN is allowed to occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3492394 TI - Mg2+-ATP induces filament growth from retinal rod outer segments with disrupted plasma membranes. AB - Mg2+-ATP produces a large decrease in near-IR light scattering when added to suspensions of rod outer segments (ROS) when the plasma membranes have been disrupted by a gentle dialysis procedure. When this process is studied by light microscopy with video-enhanced image contrast, the Mg2+-ATP-dependent signal is seen to be associated with the formation of filaments which extend only from those ROS lacking plasma membranes. Both the IR light scattering signal and filament growth are inhibited by vanadate and DCCD but not by colchicine, colcemid or cytochalasins. PMID- 3492393 TI - Structure and expression of the human calcitonin/CGRP genes. AB - Recently, we have reported the isolation of cDNA encoding a second human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP-II) [(1985) FEBS Lett. 183, 403-407]. In this report we describe the isolation and characterization of the gene encoding hCGRP-II. This gene, designated CALC-II, is structurally closely related to the known CALC-I gene encoding human calcitonin (hCT) and hCGRP-I. In contrast to CALC-I, CALC-II does not seem to be alternatively expressed. The formation of a second, hCT-like mRNA by differential splicing of CALC-II transcripts is unlikely in view of the structure of CALC-II, and could not be demonstrated in tissues known to express CALC-I and CALC-II. PMID- 3492395 TI - Distinct roles for L3T4 in T cell activation. AB - The mutually exclusive expression of L3T4 and Lyt-2 on murine T cells and the correlation of their expression to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of the T cell antigen receptor (Ti) have led to the hypothesis that these surface molecules are related to recognition of class II and class I MHC antigens, respectively. It has been suggested that these T cell surface molecules interact with nonpolymorphic determinants on MHC antigens. We have studied the role of L3T4 in activation of an H-2Dd-specific T cell hybridoma. This novel hybridoma allowed the separate evaluation of the specificities of Ti and L3T4 and the examination of their roles in T cell activation. Antibody-blocking experiments have demonstrated that L3T4 was involved in triggering this T cell hybridoma only if the antigen-bearing cell expressed Ia. The apparent requirement for an L3T4-Ia interaction reflected the amount of available H-2Dd antigen. It appears that the L3T4-Ia interaction influences T cell activation during suboptimal antigenic stimulation. We have begun to examine the role of L3T4 in lectin and anti-Ti monoclonal antibody stimulation of the same T cell hybridoma. These experiments have suggested a distinct role for L3T4 in the absence of Ia, as a mediator of a negative signal for activation. PMID- 3492396 TI - Immunotherapy of murine sarcomas with interleukin 2. I. Local administration of human recombinant IL-2 preparations. AB - The immunotherapeutic effect of human recombinant interleukin 2 was examined with a panel of MC-induced murine sarcomas carrying individual tumour-specific transplantation antigens. Repeated peritumoral injections of RIL-2 inhibited growth of five (MC11, MC13, MC14, MC15, MC16) out of six sarcomas in syngeneic mice. The sixth murine sarcoma (MC12) was resistant to the tumour-inhibitory effect of human recombinant IL-2 as well as to the tumour-inhibitory effect of murine and rat lymphoid IL-2 preparations. Since the IL-2-sensitive and IL-2 resistant sarcomas were induced with MC in mice of identical genotype and share most of their characteristics, they represent a useful model for investigation of structural target cell determinants and functional target cell properties responsible for the sensitivity of tumours to the immunotherapeutic effects of IL 2. PMID- 3492397 TI - Immunotherapy of murine sarcomas with interleukin 2. II. Activation of killer cells by human recombinant IL-2. AB - Highly purified human recombinant interleukin 2 induced cytotoxicity in mouse spleen cells against mouse sarcoma cells when added during the 51Cr microcytotoxicity assay. It elicited similar levels of killer cell activation as did human lymphoid (Jurkat leukaemia-derived) or mouse lymphoid (EL-4 leukaemia derived) IL-2 preparations. The susceptibility of six MC-induced mouse sarcomas to the cytolytic effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells was compared. Five (MC11, MC13, MC14, MC15, MC16) of six mouse sarcoma cell lines examined were sensitive in vitro to the LAK cell effect, whereas one cell line (MC12) was resistant. Since the sensitive and resistant target cell lines had been induced with the same carcinogen and in mice of the same genotype, they represent a very useful model for investigation of target cell structures responsible for the sensitivity to the LAK cell effect. PMID- 3492398 TI - Comparison of exogenous growth stimuli for chemically transformed cells: growth factors, serum and cocultures. AB - Rat tumor cells isolated from 2 fibrosarcomas which differed in their degree of differentiation were exposed to growth-stimulating influences in soft agar. The effects of growth factors (epidermal growth factor, fibrosarcoma growth factor and insulin), of fetal calf serum and of cocultured normal mesenchymal cells of rats and nude mice were compared. Each of the 3 growth factors exerted a specific response and dose dependence. Increasing concentrations of serum stimulated the number of cells which formed clones in soft agar. Experiments using combinations of growth factors and fetal calf serum demonstrated that a complex optimal mixture of growth stimuli was responsible for the efficient growth-promoting activity of the serum. In cocultures with normal cells, cloning efficiency of tumor cells was enhanced and growth of tumor cells was accelerated. This stimulus was due to the constant release of an agar-diffusible growth-stimulating factor by the normal, nondividing cells. Cocultured mouse cells showed an even higher growth-stimulating activity than rat fibroblasts. Cells obtained from the poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma responded, in relative terms, better to all growth stimulating influences, than those derived from the well-differentiated tumor. PMID- 3492399 TI - Biochemical properties of human urinary megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin: the role of sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds. AB - The labeling of cystine residues with [1-14C]iodoacetic acid showed that urinary preparations from patients with aplastic anemia contained 3.06 X 10(-9) mol of sulfhydryl groups and 2.90 X 10(-7) mol of half-cystine as disulfide bonds in the native state, and 6.36 X 10(-7) mol in the denatured state per absorbance unit of protein, respectively. Sulfhydryl reagent-treated proteins retained full activity of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo), except with DTNB-treated protein. Reduction-carboxymethylation and reduction mercuration resulted in complete loss of Meg-CSF and Epo activities, suggesting that one of the essential chemical groups of Meg-CSF and Epo is a disulfide bond. Reduction of disulfide bonds at neutral pH revealed that Meg-CSF is less susceptible to reduction than Epo. Reactivation occurred by spontaneous reoxidation in most of the reduced Meg-CSF (92.6%) and part of the reduced Epo (22.1%). These molecular behaviors may reflect differences in the spatial configurations of Meg-CSF and Epo. PMID- 3492400 TI - Purification and characterisation of MHC class I antigen from rat liver with monoclonal antibody. AB - We have described three monoclonal antibodies (HAM1, HAM2, and HAM3) to rat liver cell membrane glycoproteins. Recently also we reported another monoclonal antibody (HAM4) to rat hepato-renal membrane antigen. Using these monoclonal antibodies, it is possible to purify membrane antigens. This paper describes the details of the purification and the nature of the antigen purified with one of the monoclonal antibodies (HAM2) to rat liver cell membrane glycoproteins. Antigen was purified with immunoaffinity column. The amino acid composition was determined and compared with those of mice MHC class I antigen (H-2) and with the rat lymphocyte membrane antigens which were purified with monoclonal antibodies and of which amino acids compositions were determined. PMID- 3492401 TI - Open prospective recording: how is the doctor influenced? AB - In open prospective recording the participating doctors may be influenced by the study itself. There are two factors contributing to this influence: the doctor's status as an observer and as an observed subject. A model for analysing this influence is presented. In a Norwegian general practice study of the recording of conditions suspected of being cancer the changes owing to the recording itself have been studied by three different means: indicator comparison, time-trend analysis and post-registration enquiry. The study showed that the effect of the recording was small, and this was perhaps a result of prophylactic efforts by the doctors to minimize the influence. An influence on the doctors' actions and thinking during a period of registration should always be expected, and control methods to give a semi-quantitative expression of the consequences of this influence should therefore be carried out. PMID- 3492402 TI - [Multiple anastomosis with the internal mammary arteries]. AB - Between February 1984 and June 1985 90 consecutive patients underwent a surgical procedure of myocardial revascularization with multiple anastomoses, using one or both internal mammary arteries by single or sequential anastomoses. In 53 cases venous graft were also used. 86 cases had elective surgery and 4 had emergency surgery for unstable angina. Most of the patients had triple vessels disease; left main stenosis was present in 14. Left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 0.35 in 8 cases. A single internal mammary artery was used in 61 patients with sequential anastomoses; in 3 of these a triple sequential anastomoses was performed. In 29 patients both mammaries were used, 6 of these were anastomosed in double sequential way. Right mammary was always sewn on the marginal branch of the circumflex artery through the transverse sinus. The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction was 2.2%. There was no hospital mortality. Reparative surgery to control immediate postoperative bleeding was required in 5 patients (5.5%). 5 cases presented a wound infection. 32 sequential anastomoses were restudied angiographically: 30 of these were patent and 2 malfunctioning. There were two late deaths: one 5 months postoperative, for gastric hemorrhage and the second one 6 months after surgery for inferior myocardial infarction. Mean follow-up of 10 months was complete in 88 surviving patients of whom 80 (91%) were asymptomatic, and 8 cases had residual angina: 5 only during exercise, 3 at rest. We conclude that the extended use of the internal mammary artery grafting, as single or sequential anastomoses, is technically feasible and provides adequate perfusion to the area of myocardium supplied by such grafts. PMID- 3492403 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage disclosing Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 3492404 TI - Intraoperative endoscopy: technique, indications, and results. AB - The technique, indications, and results of intraoperative total enteroscopy were evaluated in 10 patients. A good diagnostic and therapeutic result was achieved in two circumstances: chronic recurring blood loss in the elderly and intussusception in young adults with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Endoscopic coagulation of vascular abnormalities and polypectomy were accomplished so that bowel resection could be limited. PMID- 3492405 TI - A comparison of immediate versus delayed endoscopic injection sclerosis of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - The authors report their experience with immediate endoscopic injection sclerosis at the time of diagnosis of active bleeding esophageal varices compared to delayed sclerotherapy performed after control of variceal bleeding with vasopressin and Sengstaken-Blakemore tamponade. Twenty-eight active index bleeders and 20 active rebleeders were treated by immediate endoscopic injection sclerosis, which could technically be performed on all of the former and in 18 of the rebleeders (96%). Immediate control of active bleeding was achieved in all patients whose varices were injected (100%). Control at 48 hours was 89% for the index bleeding group and 80% for the rebleeding group. In the delayed sclerotherapy group of 19 patients, initial control (79%) and 48-hour control (64%) were significantly less. The rebleeding rate, complications, and death from exsanguination were greater in the delayed group, whereas longevity was similar in both groups. We conclude that immediate sclerotherapy effectively controls acutely bleeding esophageal varices with a lower complication rate than sclerotherapy performed after conventional medical therapy with vasopressin and Sengstaken-Blakemore tube tamponade. PMID- 3492406 TI - Control of massive hemorrhage from rectal varices with sclerotherapy. PMID- 3492407 TI - [Incidence and location of polythelias, polymastias and mammae aberratae. A prospective one year study of 1,660 patients of a gynecologic practice]. AB - In 1660 gynaecologic screenings for cancer during the year 1985 we found supernumerary mammae (polymastia, polythelia and mammae aberratae) in 96 patients (5.78%). Polymastia: 2 patients (0.12%). Mammae aberratae: 3 patients (0.18%). In all these 5 patients the supernumerary mamma was smaller than the eutopic one, but painful before menstruation and during breast-feeding. Polythelia: 91 patients (5.48%). In this group there were; 37 patients with clearly developed mamilla with an areola mamillae (2.23%), located mainly caudal of the eutopic breast, 11 patients like a), but without an areola mamillae (0.66%), 43 patients with a rest of a mamilla with or without an "anlage" of an areola mamillae (2.59%). Nearly all of these rudimentary organs were found on the fictive prenatal embryonal line, which begins at the plica axillaris anterior and ends in the inguinal region about 3-4 cm lateral of the median line. The distance measured most frequently between two rudimentary breast-"anlagen" was 3 cm. PMID- 3492408 TI - Plasma and testicular estradiol and plasma androgen profile in the male frog Rana esculenta during the annual cycle. AB - Seasonal plasma and testicular estradiol levels were measured in the male frogs, Rana esculenta, by radioimmunoassay. In plasma samples a simultaneous measurement of androgens was carried out in order to investigate a possible relationship between androgens and estradiol-17 beta. Concomitantly with the estradiol-17 beta peak in plasma and testes during the April-May period, plasma androgens sharply decreased. PMID- 3492410 TI - [Beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in pregnant women with intrauterine fetal hypotrophy]. PMID- 3492409 TI - Regulation of androgen production by frog (Rana esculenta) testis: an in vitro study on the effects exerted by estradiol, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, melatonin, and serotonin. AB - The possible role of estradiol-17 beta (E2), testosterone (T), 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT), melatonin, and serotonin on the regulation of androgen (A) production by the frog, Rana esculenta, testes was studied in vitro. E2 (10( 6) M) inhibited A production whether alone or in combination with oLH (20 micrograms) after 6 hr incubation. After 24 hr incubation. A production was reduced by E2 concentration of around 10(-6) and 10(-9) M. Melatonin and serotonin did not induce any change whichever experimental condition was used. Preincubation for 6 hr with 10(-6) M T or DHT enhanced the oLH-stimulated A production after 18 hr incubation. These data suggest that steroids may regulate their intratesticular levels without passing into the blood stream. PMID- 3492411 TI - [Clinical experience with the sealing of woven vascular prosthesis and textile patches using autologous, electrically activated blood]. PMID- 3492412 TI - Effect of sialoadenectomy and synthetic human urogastrone on healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats. AB - The effect of extirpation of the submandibular glands, an exocrine organ for epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF/URO), and the effect of oral administration of synthetic human (EGF/URO) on healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats has been investigated. Removal of the submandibular glands delayed healing of chronic gastric ulcers when examined after 50, 100, and 200 days. Oral administration of synthetic human EGF/URO stimulated gastric ulcer healing when examined after 25 and 50 days of treatment. The effect of synthetic human EGF/URO was comparable with that of cimetidine. The combined administration of synthetic human EGF/URO and cimetidine further increased healing of gastric ulcers compared with administration of each substance. Neither synthetic human EGF/URO, nor removal of the submandibular glands had any influence on gastric acid secretion. This study showed that the submandibular glands influence healing of chronic gastric ulcers and suggest that EGF/URO participate in healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats. PMID- 3492415 TI - [Cerebral glucose metabolism in presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type--follow up of therapy with muscarinergic choline agonists]. AB - In 8 patients who had clinically diagnosed presenile dementia (Alzheimer's disease) the cerebral glucose metabolism was repeatedly determined via FDG-PET under therapy with a muscarinergic choline agonist. The pattern of glucose metabolism disturbance characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, which had been determined previously by examining the metabolism, was confirmed. Whereas the total cortical glucose metabolism was significantly reduced, the regions of the parietal and the adjacent regions of the temporal and occipital association cortex were preferably affected. The primary somatosensory and visual cortex were largely excepted from the reduction in metabolism or showed slightly enhanced metabolic rates, as for example the cerebellum. The disturbance was not equilaterally pronounced and correlated with the neuropsychological deficiency. Despite biochemically "on target" therapy the glucose metabolism decreased progressively (mean value with large interindividual and intraindividual variations. No relationship between the degree of reduced metabolism and the clinical pattern was seen. Rather, it appears that the clinical pattern is much more strongly influenced by mutual adjustment of metabolic differences in various areas of the brain. Results obtained by the authors are communicated besides a review of update knowledge and interpretation of pathophysiological and biochemical linkups in Alzheimer's disease, taking into consideration the glucose metabolism studies published in the literature. PMID- 3492416 TI - Medical treatments for bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 3492413 TI - Double blind controlled study on the effect of sucralfate on gastric prostaglandin formation and microbleeding in normal and aspirin treated man. AB - Two groups A and B each comprising 12 healthy young male subjects were used in a double blind, placebo controlled trial to assess the effects of 1.0 g sucralfate qid on prostaglandin (PG) generation and mucosal integrity in the intact and aspirin-treated stomach. Mucosal formation and luminal release of PGE2, 6-keto PGE1 alpha and thromboxane B2, gastric microbleeding and DNA loss (integrity indicators) and basal and pentagastrin induced acid secretion were measured after placebo and sucralfate treatment in subjects without (group A) and with administration of 2.5 g aspirin (group B). Sucralfate significantly reduced spontaneous gastric microbleeding and DNA loss in group A and prevented blood loss but not DNA loss caused by aspirin in group B. The protective effects of sucralfate on spontaneous gastric microbleeding were accompanied by increased mucosal biosynthesis and luminal release of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha with a reduction in release of thromboxane B2. In aspirin treated subjects both mucosal generation and luminal release of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 were greatly suppressed although sucralfate treatment did not influence these prostaglandins in spite of the reduction in mucosal damage. It is concluded that sucralfate has a potent protective action on spontaneous and aspirin treated gastric microbleeding in man and that this protection may be partly because of the increased mucosal biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 3492418 TI - UCHL1 (anti-T-cell) staining pattern in small intestinal lymphoma of coeliac disease. PMID- 3492417 TI - Serum type III procollagen peptide concentrations in severe chronic active hepatitis: relationship to cirrhosis and disease activity. AB - To analyze the correlations between the presence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular inflammation and the serum concentrations of the amino-terminal peptide of procollagen type III in chronic liver disease, we measured procollagen type III concentrations in paired serum samples from 46 patients (17 had cirrhosis) with severe chronic active hepatitis during a therapeutic treatment trial. Coded sera were analyzed for procollagen type III concentrations using both a standard and a recently described Fab radioimmunoassay to compare their relative diagnostic accuracy. Mean procollagen type III levels were elevated to the same extent in the cirrhotic and noncirrhotic groups at entry into the study. In response to immunosuppressive therapy, the initially elevated procollagen type III levels improved to normal values at remission in both groups. Qualitatively, the results were similar using either assay, but the standard assay was more sensitive for identifying the clinical stage of disease (i.e., active disease vs. disease in remission) than the Fab assay. Since both procollagen type III levels and standard liver function tests correlated well individually with the presence or absence of active disease, they also correlated with each other when both entry and remission values were considered. However, procollagen type III levels correlated poorly with indicators of inflammation (histologic grade and serum transaminase levels) during active disease. It is concluded that procollagen type III levels change in concert with standard liver function tests but do not quantitatively reflect inflammation or static measurements of hepatic fibrosis in severe chronic active hepatitis. However, these preliminary results suggest that procollagen type III can distinguish active disease from chronic active hepatitis in remission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492419 TI - Recent trends in cocaine abuse in a VA psychiatric population. AB - An anonymous questionnaire completed by 473 patients seeking psychiatric treatment at a metropolitan Veterans Administration medical center indicated that 23 percent were currently using cocaine and 46 percent had used the drug at least once in their lifetime. Typically current users were black males in their early thirties who favored the freebase method of drug use and who were similar to nonusers in occupation, education, and low income. Analyses of freebasers, intravenous users, and intranasal users indicated that freebasers were more likely to be black, to have used more cocaine in the preceding 30 days, to be seeking treatment specifically for cocaine abuse, and, along with intravenous users, to have experienced a greater number of psychosocial disruptions. Freebasers were also least likely to have changed to other methods of cocaine use. PMID- 3492421 TI - Smoking-cessation breakthrough brewing. PMID- 3492420 TI - Age-related patterns of alcoholism among veterans in ambulatory care. AB - In a survey of 342 outpatients in two urban Veterans Administration medical centers, 10.2 percent of the patients aged 65 and over and 8.4 percent of those aged 55 to 64 were found to be alcoholic on the Veterans Alcoholism Screening Test. The younger age groups (under age 35, age 35 to 44, and age 45 to 54) were two and a half to three times more likely to be alcoholic than the 65-and-over group. The oldest group was most likely to have never been alcoholic, and least likely to have been formerly alcoholic. Although several authors have proposed that the elderly may increase their intake of alcohol in response to the stresses of aging, study data indicated that half of the 65-and-over alcoholics were longstanding alcoholics. However, while the study suggests that the older groups have proportionately fewer alcoholics, the growing size of the aging population means that in the next few decades there will be greater absolute numbers of elderly chronic alcoholics. PMID- 3492422 TI - [Pneumocystis pneumonia: pathological case report]. PMID- 3492423 TI - [The management of 302 cases of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3492424 TI - The patient with combined deficiency of neuraminidase and 21-hydroxylase. AB - To investigate the possibility that deletion en block in the HLA region had caused the combined deficiency of neuraminidase and 21-hydroxylase in a female patient, genetic markers on the short arm of chromosome 6 were examined in the patient and her parents, and 21-hydroxylase genes of the patient were analyzed by the Southern blot technique. The affected "extended haplotype" identical by descent might have been recombined at two sites, between HLA-A and C and between HLA-DQ and GLO. This suggests that the neuraminidase gene is mapped between HLA-A and GLO. Southern blot analysis revealed the existence of two 21-hydroxylase genes, so that we found no evidence to support the possibility that deletion en bloc in the HLA class III region had caused the combined deficiency of neuraminidase and 21-hydroxylase. PMID- 3492425 TI - Auto-anti-idiotype: a basis for autoimmunity and a strategy for anti-receptor antibodies. PMID- 3492426 TI - Idiotype-directed interactions during ontogeny play a major role in the establishment of the adult B cell repertoire. AB - IgM hybridomas derived from perinatal B cells show a high degree of auto reactivity and many had demonstrable anti-idiotypic reactivities by binding studies. Selected multispecific antibodies were also shown to have potent idiotype-specific biological activities and if administered at appropriate stages of development could dramatically alter the responses of these mice when challenged with appropriate antigens in adult life. The results obtained suggest that idiotype-directed interactions between neonatal B cells play an important role in the early establishment of the B cell repertoire which is subsequently expressed in adult mice. PMID- 3492427 TI - The effects in vivo of purified preparations of murine macrophage colony stimulating factor-1, recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and natural and recombinant murine interleukin 3 without and with pretreatment of mice with purified iron-saturated human lactoferrin. AB - The influence of purified natural colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), purified recombinant granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, purified recombinant interleukin 3 (IL3) and natural IL3 were assessed in mice that were untreated or pretreated with purified iron-saturated human lactoferrin (LF) in order to first suppress myelopoiesis in the mice. S1/S1d mice responded to recombinant GM-CSF and recombinant IL3 in a manner similar to the response of their +/+ littermates. These 4 factors increased the cycling status of hematopoietic progenitors in vivo. The effects were more noticeable if myelopoiesis was first decreased by LF. The effects do not appear to be due to endotoxin contamination. It cannot be discerned from these studies whether the effects are direct ones on the progenitor cells or indirect ones mediated through growth-factor releasing accessory cells. It is possible that effects can be both direct and indirect. PMID- 3492428 TI - Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor: molecular and biological characterization. AB - Human or rodent bone marrow treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in a CFU-GM assay yield predominantly granulocytic colonies. The specificity for granulocyte progenitors in vitro is also demonstrated in vivo by a five- to six-fold elevation in hamster peripheral blood neutrophils. Other cell types (monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils) remain stable. Analysis of mRNA from the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 (1A6) shows the predominant species of mRNA codes for a mature protein of 174 amino acids. A small fraction of the mRNA can code for an alternative form of hG-CSF containing additional three amino acids between positions 35 and 36. PMID- 3492429 TI - Human pluripotent hemopoietic colony stimulating factor: activities on human and murine cells. AB - Human pluripotent colony stimulating factor (Pluripoietin) was shown to act synergistically with human pluripotent alpha-like colony-stimulating activity (Pluripoietin-alpha) supporting the proliferation and differentiation of human CFU-GM progenitor cells in vitro, increasing colony size and numbers. In addition, Pluripoietin enhanced cytotoxic activity of mature human neutrophil granulocytes in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay. Biological activities of Pluripoietin known so far suggest great potentials for clinical use. Preclinical in vivo studies of Pluripoietin in different disease situations may be feasible in mice, because Pluripoietin is active on granulocyte precursors and on a variety of other murine cells. PMID- 3492430 TI - Clinical application of partially purified human urinary colony-stimulating factor. AB - Human urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF-HU) has been partially purified using five purification procedures (preparation II) for clinical use. In phase I study, six healthy volunteers were injected with preparation II of CSF-HU by a single intravenous droplet infusion. Two volunteers received 4 X 10(6) units (U), two received 8 X 10(6) U, and the final two received 1.2 X 10(7) U of preparation II of CSF-HU. Five volunteers did not have any symptoms, but one volunteer who received 1.2 X 10(7) U complained of transient, mild chilliness during the infusion. Liver function test, coagulation test, urine analysis and patterns of electrocardiogram did not change after infusions. In phase II study on preparation II of CSF-HU, forty-four patients with urological malignancy were infused with a daily dose of 8 X 10(6) U CSF-HU for 7 days from the next day after the end of the second courses of two consecutive courses of the same chemotherapeutic regimen. The average nadirs of leukocytes and granulocytes of 33 evaluable cases were higher in CSF-HU-infused courses (second courses) than in control courses (first courses), with statistic significances. The average period under 2,000 leukocytes/mm3 and the average period under 500 granulocytes/mm3 were shorter in CSF-HU-infused courses than in control courses. These results might indicate that infusions of preparation II partially protect the patients from granulocytopenia after anticancer chemotherapies. PMID- 3492431 TI - Biological and biochemical characteristics of the basophil-like cell promoting activity (BaPA) and a human IL 3-like activity. AB - Two growth factors isolated from lectin-stimulated human mononuclear cells stimulate the long-term growth of metachromatically staining cells in human bone marrow cultures. One factor, termed basophil-like cell promoting activity, induces also differentiation of cells which morphologically and functionally resemble human basophils. A second factor, which in contrast to BaPA stimulates murine IL3-dependent cells, induces the growth of human metachromatically staining cells of an immature morphology with certain resemblance to mast cell like cells. BaPA inhibits the growth of HL-60 cells, while IL3-like activity stimulates the growth of HL-60 cells. BaPA does not share biochemical similarities to other well-defined human growth factors, while the IL3-like activity has strong resemblance to pluripotential hemopoietic CSF. PMID- 3492432 TI - Mechanism of in vitro antitumor effects of interleukin 1 (IL 1). AB - In vitro studies suggest that purified IL 1 beta derived from normal human peripheral blood monocytes and human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1 cell supernatants was capable of modest augmentation of NK activity of purified LGL and of promoting monocyte cytotoxicity for the human melanoma A375 target cells. In addition, purified IL 1 beta also has direct cytostatic and cytocidal effects for A375 cells. A375 melanoma cells were cloned to obtain a homogeneous population of IL 1 receptor-bearing target cells. Recombinant human IL 1 alpha inhibited the proliferation of these cells within 48-72 h in a dose-dependent manner. Similar doses of recombinant IL 1 alpha exhibited inhibitory effects on the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of A375 cells by 6-24 h. Putrescine, a nontoxic product of the ODC pathway, could prevent the cytostatic effect of recombinant IL 1 alpha on these tumor target cells. This observation indicates that inhibition of the ODC pathway is causally related to the antiproliferative effect of IL 1 on these tumor cells. PMID- 3492433 TI - Interleukin 1 as a cytokine inducer. AB - Human interleukin 1 (IL 1) exerts an interferon-like antiviral activity in certain strains of human diploid fibroblasts. It is shown that this antiviral effect is indirect, in that it is mediated by production of interferon-beta. IL 1 also induces synthesis of the mRNA of another secreted protein, 26K, whose biological function is still controversial. Finally, IL 1 has bone marrow colony stimulating activity which is shown to be due to induction of colony stimulating factor in adherent phagocytic cells present in the bone marrow cultures. These findings emphasize the concept that several of the varied biological effects of IL 1 may be indirect. PMID- 3492435 TI - Inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse fibrosarcoma after interleukin 2 application. AB - Highly purified natural IL-2, obtained from induced human PBL's, was used to treat tumor-bearing mice. 3 X 10(6) vital cells of chemically induced fibrosarcoma BALB/c female Meth A were transplanted subcutaneously to female mice. Repeated injections of 10,000 U IL-2 into established tumors of 7-8 mm diameter led to complete rejections in 75% of the treated animals. Single intratumoral injections and other routes of the application of IL-2 did not significantly influence the tumor growth rate. PMID- 3492434 TI - Potential uses of interleukin 2 in cancer therapy. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) has several potential uses in cancer therapy including: the augmentation of specific T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity and the activation of non-specific cytolytic effector cells, termed lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The current review will present data from our laboratory demonstrating in animal models the feasibility of both potential approaches. Studies to be reviewed show that: IL 2 can induce the proliferation and expansion in number of tumor-reactive T cells in vitro; T cells grown in culture in IL 2 can be effective reagents in vivo for specific tumor therapy; the administration of exogenous IL 2 can induce the growth and augment the function of cultured T cells in vivo; however, as a corollary, T cells cultured long-term in vivo with IL 2 are functionally limited in vivo without the administration of exogenous IL 2 in vivo; by contrast, T cells grown in vitro with specific antigen, as opposed to IL 2, as the major stimulus for proliferation are able to proliferate rapidly in vivo, distribute widely in host lymphoid organs, and mediate therapy of disseminated murine leukemia; importantly, such antigen-driven long-term cultured T cells can survive long-term in vivo and provide specific immunologic memory, and, the administration of low-dose IL 2 in vivo can induce the growth of antigen driven long-term cultured T cells in vivo and thereby increase the number of functional memory T cells; the culture of lymphoid cells in high concentrations of IL 2 can induce LAK cells in vitro capable of lysing leukemia in vitro; LAK cells generated in vitro can mediate a small but detectable anti-tumor effect in vivo against disseminated leukemia as an adjunct to chemotherapy; and, high-dose IL 2 administered in vivo can activate LAK cells in vivo and cure disseminated murine leukemia. Therefore, it is highly likely that IL 2 can become an effective reagent for the therapy of human cancer. PMID- 3492436 TI - A simple index relating clinical activity in Crohn's disease with T cell activation: hematocrit, frequency of liquid stools and urinary neopterin as parameters. AB - Crohn's disease is characterized by alternating acute and quiescent periods. Several indices for activity of the inflammatory process have been proposed to have criteria for prognosis of the clinical course and therapeutic efficacy. Neopterin is specifically released from human monocytes-macrophages after induction by interferon-gamma secreted from activated human T lymphocytes. Thus, urinary neopterin excretion is elevated in diseases involving activation of cellular immunity. Fifteen clinical and laboratory parameters, including urinary neopterin levels, collected from 35 visits of patients with Crohn's disease, were compared using multiple linear regression analysis with a simple clinical activity index as reference. Prediction of clinical activity was best with the combination of hematocrit, weekly number of liquid stools and neopterin. A simple triple-parametric Crohn's disease activity index was established on the basis of this result. Its quality was tested on independent data obtained from 25 repeat visits of 13 of these patients. A comparison with the well-known Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was performed. The results obtained with the proposed activity index were slightly better than those with the eight-parametric CDAI for the data from the first as well as from the repeat visits. We conclude that our simple index is a reliable and easily accessible measure for clinical activity in patients with Crohn's disease. PMID- 3492437 TI - Metabolic alterations associated with proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes and of lymphoblastoid cell lines: evaluation of glucose and glutamine metabolism. AB - In vitro resting, short-term mitogen stimulated, and proliferating rat thymocytes as well as established human T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines were compared in their capacity to metabolize glucose and glutamine as energy source. Furthermore, the pathways of glutamine metabolism in these cells were studied. Compared with resting thymocytes, glucose metabolism of proliferating thymocytes was 36-fold increased during the incubation; 92% of the amount of glucose utilized was converted into trioses mainly lactate, whereas resting cells metabolized only 38% to trioses. However, the latter oxidized 19% of glucose to CO2, as opposed to 1.1% by the proliferating cells. Rates of glucose uptake and degradation to products by the malignant T lymphoblastoid cell line (Jurkat) were nearly identical with those observed with proliferating rat thymocytes, whereas the benign B lymphoblastoid cell lines (DHg-B-1 and LV-B-1) showed significantly higher rates of glucose metabolism. All three transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, however, metabolized glucose almost completely to lactate as did the proliferating rat thymocytes. Lymphocytes are able to utilize glutamine with glutamate, aspartate and ammonia being the major end-products. A complete recovery of glutamine carbon in the products was obtained with all cells. Glutamine utilization by incubated proliferating rat thymocytes was 8-fold increased as compared to the resting cells. Again the human T lymphoblastoid cell line showed the same rates of glutamine uptake and conversion into products as did the proliferating rat thymocytes, whereas both B lymphoblastoid cell lines had about 2.5-fold enhanced rates as compared to the T cell line. The results indicate that during lymphocyte proliferation caused by mitogen stimulation as well as by permanent transformation into lymphoblastoid cell lines glucose metabolism is altered not only quantitatively but also qualitatively by changing from partly aerobic to almost complete anaerobic glucose breakdown. Glutamine has been found to be a suitable energy source for lymphocytes. About 75% of the amount of glutamate derived from glutamine entered into the citric acid cycle via the aspartate aminotransferase, and the remaining 25% via the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction. The changes in metabolic rates observed in proliferating as well as in transformed or leukemic lymphocytes appear to be reliable parameters to characterize the state of lymphocyte activation or to evaluate the efficacy of lymphokines. PMID- 3492438 TI - Ia antigen expression and IL-1 activity in murine tumour-associated macrophages. AB - Tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) isolated from five murine sarcomas had a relatively high frequency of I-A+ cells, with mean values of 27% (mFS6), 52% (MN/MCA1), 68% (N3), 62% (N4) and 98% (J3) for TAM compared to 12% for resident peritoneal macrophages. Expression of I-E in TAM was also high (29%) in the only sarcoma (N4) examined in this respect. Expression of I-A by TAM declined in culture but exposure to lymphokine supernatants maintained and increased the frequency of I-A+ cells in TAM. Transplantation of tumours into nude mice caused a marked decrease in the percentage of I-A+ TAM in the case of the N4 sarcoma (8% compared to 48%), whereas for the MN/MCA1 sarcoma the diminution was only marginal (from 53 to 41%), TAM from murine sarcomas did not constitutively release appreciable levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Upon stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides or silica, TAM showed a limited capacity to produce and release IL-1 activity compared to peritoneal macrophages. Thus the expression of I-A antigens and the IL-1-producing capacity are uncoupled in TAM from murine sarcomas. These properties of TAM could play an important role in the generation of anti-tumour immunity and/or of suppressive T-cell circuits. PMID- 3492439 TI - Characterization and specificity of a high titre polyclonal goat anti-murine IL-1 antibody. AB - The immunization of goats with an HPLC-purified IL-1 preparation derived from the supernatants of LPS-induced P388D1 cultures has resulted in the derivation of a high titre antiserum specific for murine IL-1. This antiserum exhibits a 50% inhibition of an IL-1-dependent thymocyte costimulation assay at a reciprocal dilution of 30,000 and antibody activity is still detected at 100,000-fold dilution. The goat anti-murine IL-1 serum is specific for murine IL-1 synthesized by several murine macrophage cell lines and does not neutralize human, rabbit or porcine (catabolin) IL-1. The antiserum also inhibits antigen-induced proliferation of the D10.G4 helper T-cell line. In addition to the reaction against IL-1, the antiserum also detects three additional peptides with molecular weights between 20,000 and 30,000. PMID- 3492440 TI - Occurrence of autoantibodies to intermediate filament proteins in human visceral leishmaniasis and their induction by experimental polyclonal B-cell activation. AB - Fifteen sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis were investigated for the occurrence of autoantibodies. They were found in high incidence and titre, and with specificity to the intermediate filament (INFIL) proteins vimentin (12 out of 15 with a titre higher than 1:10) and keratin (9 out of 15 with a titre higher than 1:10) as well as to speckled anti-nuclear antigens (ANA). Additionally, supernatants of Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani cultures containing soluble parasite-derived antigens were mitogenic to cultures of mononuclear cells (MNC) obtained from healthy donors without specific antibodies to leishmanial antigens. The activation of MNC resulted in significant immunoglobulin production, some of which demonstrated autoantibody specificity to INFIL. The co operation of monocytes, T cells and B cells was required in order to obtain maximal stimulation. The importance of polyclonal B-cell activation for the genesis and occurrence of autoantibodies in visceral leishmaniasis is discussed. PMID- 3492441 TI - Isolation of follicular dendritic cells from human tonsils and adenoids. V. Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. AB - Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are located only in lymph follicles and are characterized by their capacity to retain high amounts of immune complexes on their plasma membranes. As their functions in germinal centres are unknown, we isolated them from human tonsils and cultured them with autologous lymphoid cells. Cultures of lymphoid cells alone or with added macrophages were used as controls. Lymphoid cells incorporated tritiated thymidine only when FDC and lectins were added; this could be shown after several periods of time. However, the Ig secretion by lymphoid cell populations was inhibited by FDC after several days in vitro. In contrast, the supernatants of lymphocytes cultured alone or with macrophages only for the same periods of time contained increasing amounts of immunoglobulins. This inhibitory effect of FDC on immunoglobulin production was observed for all considered isotypes. Our data suggest that FDC stimulate lymphoid cell proliferation but reduce B-cell differentiation. This is the first accessory cell activity definitely shown for FDC in cultures. PMID- 3492442 TI - A simplified microassay for inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by immunotoxins. AB - We describe a simplified cell free reticulocyte lysate protein synthesis assay which has been shown to reliably demonstrate dose dependent inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide and with four ricin A chain immunotoxin conjugates. Maximal [3H]leucine incorporation was observed using 40 microliter of reticulocyte lysate per microtiter well and by incubating samples for 30 minutes before harvesting with a multiple automated sample harvester. Trichloroacetic acid precipitation and hydrogen peroxide decolorization were not required with this method. This rapid, simplified assay system will facilitate testing of agents that inhibit protein synthesis, particularly immunotoxins. PMID- 3492443 TI - A monoclonal anti-double stranded DNA antibody from an autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse: specificity and idiotype in serum immunoglobulins. AB - Anti-double stranded (ds) DNA antibodies in the sera of lupus-prone MRL/Mp lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in parallel with anti-single stranded (ss) DNA, anti-left-handed Z-DNA and anti poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies. The serum levels of these antibodies in these mice increased with age, and in particular anti-dsDNA antibodies appeared in mice more than 14 weeks old, along with progressive lymphadenopathy. We therefore established a hybridoma producing monoclonal anti-dsDNA antibody (2C10) from an 8 month-old MRL/l mouse. Monoclonal antibody 2C10 did not react with either poly(dT) or poly(I), which are major cross-reactants with previously reported monoclonal MRL mouse autoantibodies. Antibody 2C10 showed preference for phi X 174 replicative form DNA and calf thymus dsDNA over ssDNA. 2C10 idiotype (Id) was present in the sera of MRL/l mice, but only occasionally at high levels even in the aged mice tested. This result suggested that many Ids with anti-dsDNA antibody activity may contribute to lupus pathogenesis in this strain of mouse. PMID- 3492444 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation in vitro by orosomucoid glycoprotein. AB - Mitogenesis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes as measured by the uptake of [3H]thymidine was stimulated in vitro by pure orosomucoid glycoprotein when used at concentrations that are considerably lower than the physiological plasma level. The lymphocyte cultures stimulated with PHA or PWM were not affected by low concentration (67 micrograms/ml), but they were mildly suppressed by high concentration (1 mg/ml) of this glycoprotein. The stimulatory response was relatively greater with fractionated T cells than the non-T cells (B cells and monocytes). At 50 micrograms/ml concentration of orosomucoid, the lymphocyte activation was found in randomly selected blood donors which included normal healthy volunteers and patients with T cell immunodeficiency or Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating a consistent immunostimulatory action of this glycoprotein. PMID- 3492445 TI - Periodontal disease and dental caries in primary school children in rural areas of Delhi. PMID- 3492446 TI - Anaphylatoxin-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and aggregation. Limited aggregation and specific desensitization induced by human C3a and synthetic C3a octapeptides. AB - Human neutrophil aggregation was induced by highly purified human C3a and chemically synthetic COOH-terminal peptides of C3a (C3a-8R; Ala-Ala-Ala-Leu-Gly Leu-Ala-Arg) in a dose-dependent manner and was 40% of human C5a-induced aggregation at each optimal concentration. In contrast to C5a and formyl-Met-Leu Phe (f-MLP), C3a and C3a-8R showed little chemotactic activity. Specific desensitization of neutrophil aggregation was observed with C3a, C3a-8R, C5a and f-MLP, but not with C3a-des-Arg-7R, indicating that the human neutrophil has C3a specific binding sites which are different from C5a and f-MLP receptors. An additive effect on aggregation was observed at suboptimal concentrations of C5a (1 X 10(-8) M) and C3a (1 X 10(-6) M) or C3a-8R (1 X 10(-5) M). These studies suggest that a subpopulation of human neutrophils have specific binding sites for C3a and C3a may work cooperatively with C5a during the process of neutrophil activation by increasing aggregation and lysosomal enzyme release. PMID- 3492447 TI - A murine anti-sheep T8 monoclonal antibody, ST-8, that defines the cytotoxic T lymphocyte population. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb), ST-8, reactive with a subpopulation of sheep T lymphocytes was investigated by tissue distribution analysis and functional studies of the antigen-bearing (ST-8+) cells. Two other mouse mAb, ST-1 and T-80 that recognize all sheep T cells and a T-cell subset, respectively, were also examined for comparison. The ST-8+ cells represented 61-69% of thymocytes and about 10-30% of peripheral T lymphocytes. Histologically, ST-8+ cells were found mainly in the thymic cortex, T-dependent areas of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and the splenic red pulp and marginal zone, but not in B-dependent areas such as germinal centers of lymph follicles of the Peyer's patches. ST-8 mAb plus complement treatment completely abolished both the induction phase and the effector phase of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes but did not affect proliferative responses to T-dependent mitogens and allogeneic antigens. ST-8 mAb also blocked the cytotoxic T lymphocyte function of lysing specific targets in the absence of complement. ST-8 mAb immunoprecipitated an antigen from the surface of sheep T lymphocytes under reducing conditions with an apparent molecular weight of 33-35 kilodaltons. Therefore the antigen recognized by the ST 8 mAb showed striking similarities to human T8/Leu-2a and mouse Lyt-2 antigens not only in the tissue distribution and function of antigen-bearing cells but also the molecular weight. We conclude that the ST-8 antigen is the ovine homologue of the human T8 and mouse Lyt-2 antigens. PMID- 3492449 TI - The effect of cadmium on antibody responses to antigens with different cellular requirements. AB - Six week old BDF1 or CD-1 female mice were exposed to cadmium chloride in the drinking water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 ppm cadmium for 3 weeks. The in vivo antibody response against dinitrophenyl-aminoethylcarbamylmethyl Ficoll (DNP-Ficoll), a T-lymphocyte independent, macrophage dependent response, was enhanced by cadmium. Similarly, the in vivo antibody response against Escherichia coli 0127 (LPS), a T-lymphocyte and macrophage independent response, was also enhanced by cadmium. In contrast, the in vitro antibody response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a T-lymphocyte and macrophage dependent response, was suppressed in spleen cell cultures that contained cadmium-exposed non adherent cells (lymphocytes). Cultures containing cadmium-exposed adherent cells (macrophages) were not suppressed by cadmium. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive effects of cadmium as it relates to humoral immunity involve T lymphocyte function rather than macrophage or B-lymphocyte activity. The enhanced T-lymphocyte independent antibody responses which accompany suppressed T lymphocyte-dependent responses following cadmium exposure are an indication of compensatory mechanisms that are associated with the immune system. PMID- 3492448 TI - HLA studies of endemic African Kaposi's sarcoma patients and matched controls: no association with HLA-DR5. AB - In the search for a genetic factor involved in the etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma, several studies have recently focused on a significantly increased HLA determinant, DR5, as well as a decreased DR3, among patients with both the classical and the AIDS-related form of Kaposi's sarcoma. To test the consistency of this phenomenon, we analysed the frequencies of HLA immunogenetic markers in 23 histologically confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma patients from Central Africa, where this tumor is endemic, and a local sex- and tribe-matched control group. No definite association was observed for any of the HLA antigens, including DR5 and DR3. We were not able to support the hypothesis that the same HLA-associated immune susceptibility factors are involved in all types of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3492450 TI - Augmentation of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in vitro by aloctin A. AB - Culturing of mouse spleen cells with IL2-containing MLA144 conditioned medium (MLA144 CM) resulted in the induction of cells cytotoxic to syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity was markedly augmented by the presence of aloctin A (Alo A), a lectin having anti-tumor activity, during the assay for the cytotoxicity. The results of cytotoxicity assay after treatment with antisera and complement indicated that the killer cells mainly consisted of Thy 1+, Lyt 1-2-, asialo GM1-T cells. PMID- 3492451 TI - Effect of auranofin on autoimmune disease in a mouse model. AB - The effect of an oral gold preparation, auranofin, on the autoimmune disease mouse MRL/l was examined. Oral administration of auranofin on consecutive days from 6 weeks of age reduced anti-DNA antibody production, IgM rheumatoid factor production, hypergammaglobulinemia, polyclonal B cell activation and renal disease, but did not prevent massive lymphadenopathy or restore the low level of either IL-2 production or mitogen response associated with 1pr gene. In contrast to the effect on autoantibody production, little suppressive activity on the immune response to exogenous antigen SRBC was observed. These results indicate that autoimmune disease in MRL/l mice can be prevented without abrogation of T cell abnormalities and that autoimmune-selective suppression can be induced by chemical compound(s) like auranofin. PMID- 3492452 TI - Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes induced in the mouse by acebutolol, a beta blocking agent. AB - Acebutolol, a beta blocking agent, was injected at a dose of 1 mg/day, every day for 6 months in C57B1/6 and OF1 mice. No antinuclear antibodies were induced but a transient induction of anti-single stranded DNA antibodies and an increase of IgM, IgA and IgG2a levels were observed during the first 3 weeks in some treated mice as compared to control mice. This effect was more pronounced in C57B1/6 than in OF1 mice and in the C57B1/6 mice, was more frequently observed in female than in male mice. It was further found by cellular studies done in C57B1/6 female mice, that daily i.p. or oral administration of Acebutolol induces a transient polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes. It is concluded that certain beta blockers might possess some in vivo effects on the immune system. PMID- 3492453 TI - Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM), a human B-lymphocyte mitogen. AB - Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM), which is a peptidoglycan, was prepared from Nocardia opaca. Its effect on human B-lymphocyte proliferation, the number of immunoglobulin secreting B-cells, and bone marrow stem cell growth was studied in vitro. NWSM stimulated the proliferation of B-lymphocytes of all ten healthy subjects studied very effectively (P less than 0.0005). No T-cell activation occurred. NWSM did not increase the amount of antibody producing cells. The growth of bone marrow stem cells was enhanced only in one patient out of the eight studied. Thus NWSM is a B-lymphocyte mitogen with a potential effect on hematopoietic stem cells. However, production of NWSM was faced with difficulties because not all lots prepared had B-cell stimulating activity. PMID- 3492454 TI - Morphologic effects of mitoxantrone and a related anthracenedione on lymphoid tissues. AB - A single non-toxic dose of mitoxantrone or a related anthraquinone derivative caused extensive destruction of splenic marginal zone cells in rats and mice. This was followed by phagocytosis of cell debris and long-lasting atrophy. Germinal centers of splenic follicles were also affected. Small doses gave a cumulative effect and tolerance did not develop. Regional draining (but not distant) lymph nodes also had lymphocytic necrosis. The localization of the lymphocytolysis in the spleen may be related to the open circulation of blood in the marginal zone, and to the distribution of B-lymphocytes or B-lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 3492455 TI - Disseminated sporotrichosis? PMID- 3492456 TI - Donovanosis. PMID- 3492457 TI - The effect of exercise-training on resting metabolic rate in lean and moderately obese individuals. AB - Two experiments have been performed to establish whether exercise-training has an influence on resting metabolic rate (RMR). In a first study, RMR was measured in a cohort of 59 individuals comprising 20 trained and 39 non-trained subjects. The absolute level of RMR in trained subjects exceeded by 11 percent that observed in the non-trained individuals (P less than 0.01). When comparing regression lines of RMR versus FFM between the two groups, the intercept with the Y axis (RMR values) was also significantly higher in trained subjects (P less than 0.01). The second experiment was conducted to find out whether the trend for an elevated RMR noted in athletes could be reproduced in obese persons engaging in an exercise training program. Eight moderately obese women were submitted to an 11-week training programme, including 5 hours of aerobic exercise per week performed at a mean intensity of about 50 percent VO2 max. The results showed that exercise training induced a significant rise in RMR which corresponded to 8 percent of pretraining value in kcal/kg FFM/min (P less than 0.01). Thus, data reported here suggest that aerobic exercise-training is associated with an elevated RMR per unit of fat free mass in both lean and moderately obese individuals. PMID- 3492458 TI - Radiation damage to dinucleoside monophosphates: mediated versus direct damage. AB - The mediation of radiation-induced damage to dinucleoside monophosphate by oxygen and by glutathione was studied. The sequence isomers d(TpA) and d(ApT) were X irradiated in aqueous solutions and the products isolated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The main products were characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy. In the presence of oxygen the principal products are the formamido derivative formed by breakdown of thymine and the aldehyde derivative formed at the 5' end of the dinucleoside monophosphate, both nucleoside monophosphates and free bases. In the presence of glutathione, the two stereoisomers of the 5,6-dihydrothymine derivatives are prominent. Radiation induced damage to d(TpA) and d(ApT) in the solid state was also studied. PMID- 3492459 TI - The design and interpretation of 'top-up' experiments to investigate the effects of low radiation doses. AB - The experimental design consisting of a partial tolerance dose followed by a top up dose, is used as a method of comparing the effects of different radiations and irradiation schedules in vivo. It complements the usual approach of giving multiple equal fractions of a single radiation type to obtain an iso-effect, as it enables low doses per fraction to be studied without the need to use a large number of fractions or a long overall time. For normal tissues in animals, the effect of X-ray doses as low as 0.1 Gy per fraction can be detected when given as 20-40 fractions followed by a top-up dose of neutrons. In order to minimize variations in the effect of the top-up dose, neutrons are used as a top-up radiation in preference to X-rays. The methods of implementing this approach are explained in detail. Analysis of the data is described, with emphasis on the Linear Quadratic model of radiation dose-fractionation. However, it is not necessary to adopt this or any particular mathematical model in order to intercompare directly the effects of different radiations or irradiation schedules using the top-up approach. Such models nevertheless simplify the design of top-up experiments. Whilst any type of radiation can in principle be used as the top-up, this is given optimally as a dose of fast neutrons split into two fractions. PMID- 3492460 TI - Jejunal crypt stem-cell survival after fractionated gamma-irradiation performed at different dose rates. AB - Jejunal crypt survival after fractionated total body irradiation of C3H mice given at dose rates between 1.2 and 0.08 Gy/min was studied and the results analysed according to the linear quadratic model. Whereas alpha was independent of dose rate beta decreased with dose rate to approach zero at about 0.01 Gy/min. During the period of recovery, sublethal damage from doses given at high dose rate interact with low dose rate irradiation given immediately after, and increases its effectiveness. PMID- 3492461 TI - Reduction of 141Ce absorption in suckling rats. AB - The influence of diet or its ingredients on 141Ce absorption and retention was investigated in six-day-old rats. Animals were fed over 8h with cow's milk, rat diet or a mixture of rat diet ingredients (fish meal, sunflower meal, alfalfa, cane molasses and premix) labelled with 141Ce. Whole-body radioactivity was determined in a double crystal scintillation counter every 24 h over a six-day period. Gut, liver, kidney and femur retention and cerium distribution in the gut was determined at the end of the experiment. Compared to milk diet, administration of rat diet or ingredients caused respectively 3 and 7.5 times lower whole body retention. Carcass retention was reduced by rat diet or ingredients 2-3 times and intestinal retention 3 and 8 times respectively. Irrespective of the dietary treatment the main site of cerium intestinal retention was the ileum. Our present results indicate that some compounds of rat diet might be considered as a means of reducing cerium absorption and intestinal retention in the very young. PMID- 3492462 TI - Effects of gamma-irradiation on isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - Gamma-irradiation of isolated rat liver mitochondria with doses of up to 475 Gy leading to hydrated electrons (G = 1.9, corrected for reaction with solutes), 30 Gy leading to carbohydrate radicals, (G = 5.6), 100 Gy leading to superoxide radicals (G = 6.2), and 130 Gy leading to formate radicals (G = 6.2) showed, within the error of the measurements, no effects on the rate of oxygen uptake in the various respiratory states, the respiratory control ratio, or the adenosine diphosphate to atomic oxygen ratio. Typical values obtained were 0.020-0.100 nmol O2 s-1 mg protein-1 for State 1 respiration, 0.25-0.33 nmol O2 s-1 mg protein-1 for State 4 respiration and 0.65-1.10 nmol O2 s-1 mg protein-1 for State 3 respiration. Typical respiratory control ratios ranged from 2.0-3.5 for succinate and 4.0-6.5 for a 1:1 glutamate: malate substrate mixture. Adenosine diphosphate to atomic oxygen ratios with succinate as substrate varied from 1.6 to 1.9. Because these results are unexpected, in situ and in vitro irradiated mitochondria were examined in an electron microscope and compared to mitochondria in situ, non-irradiated mitochondria and mitochondria isolated after whole liver irradiation. Irradiation of isolated mitochondria with 375 Gy results in the partial destruction of the mitochondrial outer membrane with no significant changes in respiratory rates. PMID- 3492463 TI - Enhancement of hyperthermic cell killing by non-thermal effect of ultrasound. AB - The present study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of enhanced hyperthermic cell killing by a non-thermal effect (cavitation and direct effect) of ultrasound under various gas conditions. Cavitation, as indicated by formation of DNA double-strand breaks and liberation of potassium iodide, was completely inhibited under N2O-saturated conditions, while it was promoted under O2-, Ar-, and N2-saturated conditions. Mouse L cells were treated with ultrasound (1 MHz continuous wave, spatial peak temporal average intensity; 3.7 W/cm2) and/or 44 degrees C hyperthermia in medium saturated with O2, Ar, N2 (with cavitation) or N2O (with direct effect). The synergism on cell killing by ultrasound and 44 degrees C hyperthermia was observed under N2O-saturated conditions (enhancement ratio = 1.39). On the other hand, additive enhancement was observed under O2-, Ar , or N2-saturated conditions. In addition, when cells were treated with 44 degrees C hyperthermia before or after sonication under N2O-saturated conditions, synergistic cell killing was not observed. These results suggested that the direct effect of ultrasound alone did not influence cell killing, but enhanced the hyperthermic cell killing synergistically, when both agents simultaneously acted on the cells. PMID- 3492464 TI - RBE of a thermal neutron beam and the 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction on cultured B-16 melanoma cells. AB - The RBE of a thermal neutron beam and the 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction were determined in cultured B-16 melanoma cells. The Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR) was used as a thermal neutron source which had a very low contamination of gamma-rays and fast neutrons. The cells were irradiated with the beam in the presence or absence of 10B-boric acid. The absorbed dose from the neutron capture reaction to the cells was calculated by a method of Kitao (1975). Survival curves in both conditions had no shoulder and Do values were 0.506 or 0.604 Gy in the presence or absence of 5 micrograms 10B/ml-medium, respectively. The Do value of the 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction was also estimated at 0.466 Gy, assuming each component of radiation was additive. The RBEs of the KUR thermal neutron beam and the 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction relative to 60Co gamma-rays were estimated as 4.62 and 6.01 at 0.1 surviving fraction, respectively. Using these results, we calculated the absorbed dose from the 10B-compound and estimated the specific accumulation in the cultured cells of 10B-compounds which we have previously reported but not quantified (Nakanishi et al. 1980, Ichihashi et al. 1982). PMID- 3492465 TI - The importance of NPSH on the radiosensitizing effect of oxygen in Chinese hamster V-79 cells. AB - The radiosensitivity of Chinese hamster V-79-171B fibroblasts increased more rapidly with increasing partial pressure of oxygen when the cell cultures had low endogenous levels of non-protein sulphydryl (NPSH), about 5 mumol per cell compared with about 15 mumol per cell. There was a good correlation between initial NPSH content and sensitization by oxygen concentrations between 0.06 and 0.7 per cent. PMID- 3492466 TI - The effect of thioredoxin on the radiosensitivity of bacteria. AB - The ability of Escherichia coli thioredoxin to protect cells from lethal amounts of gamma radiation was tested using bacterial strains engineered to contain different amounts of thioredoxin per cell. Cells grown to late stationary phase demonstrated a decreasing sensitivity to gamma-radiation with increasing amounts of thioredoxin per cell. Exponentially growing cells were equally sensitive to the gamma-radiation regardless of the intracellular concentration of thioredoxin. Cells exhibiting the radiation-resistant phenotype in the stationary phase reverted to the radiation-sensitive phenotype when diluted into fresh growth medium. These results suggest that thioredoxin can protect cells from gamma radiation under certain metabolic conditions. PMID- 3492467 TI - Nuclear glutathione and oxygen enhancement of radiosensitivity. AB - Treatment with buthionine sulphoximine depletes glutathione from whole cells and nuclei to different extents resulting in different relationships between o.e.r. and the glutathione content in the two cases. PMID- 3492468 TI - Cellular glutathione content and K values. AB - The K values for two cell strains with differing intrinsic GSH concentrations have been measured with the yield of DNA breaks as end-point of the radiation effect. The K value of the strain with reduced GSH content was decreased (1.59 microM O2) in comparison to the K value (3.01 microM O2) for the strain with a normal GSH content. The significance of the observation is discussed in relation to competition models. All variants of the competition model agree in predicting a reduction of K, if GSH is reduced. PMID- 3492469 TI - Flash photolysis of misonidazole and metronidazole. AB - Laser flash photolysis at 355 nm of misonidazole or metronidazole in aqueous solutions produced the relatively long-lived nitro radical anion as the only observable transient species. When 266 nm excitation was used, a small yield of solvated electron was observed. It is suggested that the nitroimidazole first undergoes photoionization and the photoelectrons are scavenged by ground state nitroimidazole molecules to produce the nitro radical anion. Alternatively, added EDTA or carbonate ion acted as an electron donor to the excited state nitroimidazole molecule, thereby increasing the yield of nitro radical anion. The transient yield from metronidazole was about half that from misonidazole, while the phosphorescence intensity of metronidazole in an ethanol glass was about 20 times that of misonidazole. The misonidazole n, pi* triplet state is more easily reduced than that of metronidazole and, in the presence of an electron donor, the radical anion is postulated to result from electron transfer to the triplet state of the nitroimidazole. PMID- 3492470 TI - The effect of ionizing radiation on lipid metabolism in lymphoid cells. AB - Lipid metabolism was studied in lymphoid tissues of rats after whole body irradiation with doses producing damage of different degrees to lymphoid cells (4 10 Gy). The content of free cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and total phospholipids was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes and thymocytes 1-2 h after exposure. Simultaneously, the rate of in vitro incorporation of 2 14C acetate into total lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol of lymphoid cells was estimated. It was shown that exposure of rats to ionizing radiation caused activation of lipogenesis. Cholesterol synthesis was activated after a dose of 4 Gy and decreased with increasing dose. PMID- 3492471 TI - Thermal radiosensitization and thermotolerance in cultured cells from a murine mammary carcinoma. AB - Cultured murine mammary carcinoma cells M8013 could be made thermotolerant by a priming heat treatment, 30 min at 43 degrees C, applied 5 h prior to subsequent heat treatment. The sensitivity of non-tolerant and thermotolerant cells to either radiation or heat combined with radiation was investigated. Analysis of survival curves with respect to D0 and N showed that thermotolerance had no influence on the radiation sensitivity of the cells. Thermal enhancement of radiation effects (in combined heat/irradiation treatments) was however reduced as a result of thermotolerance. When thermal enhancement ratios were (D0) plotted as a function of the cell killing effects of heat treatment alone, thermotolerance did not seem to have any influence. This latter observation suggests that thermotolerance modifies the effectiveness of the heat treatment for heat-induced cell lethality and radiosensitization equally. Comparison of our in vitro results with several in vivo data on normal tissues suggest that the reduction in 'effective' treatment temperature which has been observed in the in vivo studies as a result of thermotolerance may be explained by equal modification of the effects of heat by thermotolerance both for its direct effects and the radiosensitization. PMID- 3492472 TI - Influence of prior heat treatment on the effects of heat alone or combined with X rays on mouse stromal tissue. AB - The tumour bed effect assay was used to study the sensitivity of mouse stromal tissue to heat applied alone or combined with irradiation. Prior heat treatment, 30 min at 43 degrees C, of the tumour bed led to thermotolerance. After priming, thermotolerance developed fully within 24 h and it had disappeared completely after about 10 days. The kinetics of development and decay of thermotolerance in this slowly dividing tissue is similar to that which we had observed previously in skin. When decay rates of several normal tissues with different proliferation characteristics are compared, it is obvious that there is not a clear relationship between proliferation rate of the presumed target cells in the tissue and thermotolerance decay rate. PMID- 3492473 TI - The reverse of the 'repair' reaction of thiols: H-abstraction at carbon by thiyl radicals. AB - Thiyl radicals (RS) formed by the reaction of radiolytically generated OH radicals with thiols, e.g. 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), react with cis- and trans 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran by abstracting an H atom in the alpha-position to the ether function (k approximately equal to 5 X 10(3) dm3 mol-1 s-1). The so-formed planar ether radical is 'repaired' by the thiol (k = 6 X 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1) thereby regenerating a cis- or trans-2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran molecule. In this reaction a thiyl radical is reproduced. Thus trans-2,5-Me2THF from cis-2,5 Me2THF and vice versa are formed in a chain reaction: at a dose rate of 2.8 X 10( 3) Gys-1 and a trans-2,5-Me2THF concentration of 1 X 10(-2) mol dm-3 using DTT as the thiol, G(cis-2,5-Me2THF) = 160 has been found. The chain reaction is very sensitive to impurities and also to disulphides such as those radiolytically formed. 2,5-Me2THF can be regarded as a model for the sugar moiety of DNA where the C(4')-radical is known to lead to DNA strand breakage. The possible role of cellular thiols in the repair of the C(4') DNA radical, and also the conceivable role of thiyl radicals inducing DNA strand breakage, are discussed. PMID- 3492474 TI - Size and X-ray density of normal and denervated muscles of the human leg and forearm. AB - An accurate assessment of muscle size and tissue density can be obtained by X-ray computed tomography. CAT scans of the extensor and flexor muscle compartments of the leg and forearm were performed on normal subjects to establish: normal ranges of muscle densities, and the effect of sex and side dominance on muscle size and density. The same muscle groups were studied in patients with nerve damage resulting in either total or very extensive denervation of the corresponding muscle compartments. In normal subjects muscle density is significantly lower in females and the effect of side dominance is more marked in the upper extremity. Denervated muscle compartments show reduced cross-section and density. Electrotherapy does not appear to be effective in preventing muscle atrophy. PMID- 3492475 TI - Congenital anomalies of the peripheral cornea. PMID- 3492476 TI - Medical treatment of nystagmus and ocular motor disorders. AB - An increased compendium of drugs useful in ocular motor system dysfunction has expanded our capacity to treat selected ocular motility disorders. Adjunctive therapeutic modes (e.g., Fresnel prisms and orthoptic exercises) can also be beneficial. PAN and see-saw nystagmus can be treated with baclofen. Downbeat nystagmus may respond to clonazepam therapy, and prisms may help if the nystagmus can be modified with convergence. Congenital nystagmus may respond minimally to drugs (e.g., baclofen), but prisms or surgical procedures, or both, are still the primary treatment modalities. Innovar may be helpful in patients with severe, incapacitating vestibular disorders, and scopolamine alone or in combination with promethazine may be beneficial in patients with milder ambulatory acute peripheral vestibular disorders. Benign positional vertigo is best treated initially with positional exercises before drug therapy is instituted. Opsoclonus and ocular flutter have been treated successfully with corticosteroids, propranolol, and clonazepam, while microflutter, an extremely rare disorder, can resolve with baclofen. Although therapy with carbamazepine, 5-hydroxtryptophan, and scopolamine has been useful in selected patients with ocular palatal myoclonus, most do not respond to drug treatment. It is not usually necessary to treat voluntary nystagmus, but Fresnel prism lenses should be remembered in refractory patients. Potentially reversible and pseudointernuclear ophthalmoplegias also were discussed. Orthoptic exercises can be beneficial in posttraumatic internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Selected supranuclear palsies can be improved completely with the proper drug regimen. Lastly, superior oblique myokymia can be treated successfully with carbamazepine, with tight surveillance for possible adverse side effects. Descriptive phenomenology and pathophysiological localization must be correlated with brain stem neurochemistry and neuropharmacology to medically treat additional ocular motor system disorders. PMID- 3492477 TI - Peripheral corneal infections. PMID- 3492478 TI - Ocular trace metal kinetics and toxicology. I. The distribution of intravitreally injected 67Cu++ within intraocular compartments and its loss from the globe. AB - Radioactive copper (67Cu++) was injected into the center of the vitreous body of rabbits. The relatively rapid initial loss of 67Cu from the vitreous was associated with its accumulation in intraocular tissues. At 24 hr, 20% of the injected 67Cu was found in the retina, representing the highest 67Cu concentration among all ocular tissues, and this high 67Cu concentration was maintained in this tissue throughout the 10-day observation period. Significant amounts of 67Cu were not detected in the aqueous humor at any time. About one half of the injected 67Cu was lost from the whole globe in 5 days, but the remaining Cu was retained in the globe during the next 5 days. Eyes that received a large dose of CuSO4 in addition to the tracer showed decreased 67Cu activity in the retina and a slight increase in the aqueous humor. Endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation decreased the rate of 67Cu loss from the vitreous, reduced its accumulation by the retina, and increased 67Cu entry into the aqueous humor. It is concluded that 67Cu is retained in the vitreous and the globe due to its binding by, and/or uptake into, intraocular tissues, especially the retina. Cu does not effectively enter the anterior chamber from the vitreous, apparently due to its effective removal by the ciliary processes, thus ruling out the possibility of identifying the existence of Cu-containing intraocular foreign bodies in the posterior segment of the eye by analysis of Cu in the aqueous humor. PMID- 3492479 TI - Sexually transmitted disease in Northern Ireland. PMID- 3492480 TI - Exercise response and resting left ventricular function after cessation of training in myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery patients. PMID- 3492481 TI - Bilateral dislocation of the crystalline lens in a patient with presumed syphilitic uveitis. PMID- 3492482 TI - [Retrocochlear hearing disorders]. AB - The diagnosis of retrocochlear hearing impairment is mainly based on threshold tone decay, absence of the stapedius reflex, abnormal dichotic speech discrimination and ERA findings. A relatively poor discrimination for monosyllables with regressive understanding at high intensities can also indicate a neural or central lesion provided that the unaffected side has been correctly masked. ERA results mainly show a synchronisation disorder within the brain-stem, i.e. the J V-response is prolonged or cannot be recorded at all. The cortical response N1, however, corresponds to the subjective threshold except that in impairments of the cortex, the N1-response is worse than expected from the pure tone threshold. Representative examples are given. PMID- 3492483 TI - Three-dimensional visualizations of the inner ear hair cell of the guinea pig. A rapid-freeze, deep-etch study of filamentous and membranous organelles. AB - The fine structure of the filamentous and membranous organelles in the stereocilia and in the cuticular plate of sensory hair cells from the guinea pig was examined using a rapid-freeze, deep-etch method. In fixed and unfixed tissue the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the stereocilia had numerous surface protrusions of various sizes and shapes, while the protoplasmic fractured face of the membrane had rather sparse intramembrane particles. Many tiny cross links were present between the adjacent actin filaments and between actin filaments and the plasma membrane of the stereocilia. Numerous fibrils radiating from the hair rootlet were attached to the peripheral actin filaments in the cuticular plate. The radiating fibrils differed from the tiny cross links which interconnected the adjacent, randomly-oriented actin filaments in the cuticular plate. These complex structures consisting of actin filaments in the hair rootlets, radiating fibrils, and peripheral actin filaments may play an important role in regulating stereociliary bending. PMID- 3492484 TI - Vaginitis: its diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3492485 TI - In-vitro antibacterial activity of L-105, a new cephalosporin. AB - L-105 (sodium(-)-(6R, 7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino- acetamido]-3-[1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza bicyclo [4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate) is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of L-105 against clinical isolates of 18 bacterial species was compared with those of cefmenoxime, cefoperazone and cefazolin. Its spectrum against Gram-negative bacteria was similar to that of cefmenoxime. Moreover, against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus faecalis, Str. pneumoniae and Str. pyogenes, L-105 was more potent than cefmenoxime and cefoperazone. Against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staph. aureus which is comparatively resistant to most third-generation cephalosporins, it was nearly equal in potency to cefazolin. L-105 was stable to various penicillinases and cephalosporinases. However, this compound was slightly hydrolyzed by oxyiminocephalosporinases, i.e., the enzymes produced by Pseudomonas cepacia and Ps. maltophilia. PMID- 3492487 TI - Ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole in urinary tract infection. AB - Seventy-five hospital inpatients with bacteriologically confirmed urinary tract infections were allocated to treatment with ciprofloxacin 100 mg, ciprofloxacin 250 mg or co-trimoxazole 960 mg, all given orally twice a day for five days. The patients were generally elderly, with many complicating factors including indwelling catheters; 24% of the infections were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cure rates at 28 days were 94%, 88% and 87%, respectively. Side effects were few and minor. Ciprofloxacin appears to be an effective and safe orally-administrable treatment even for complicated urinary tract infection. PMID- 3492486 TI - Comparison of ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. AB - Sixty-five women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection were evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing ciprofloxacin (250 mg twice daily for ten days) with co-trimoxazole (160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulphamethoxazole twice daily for ten days). Results were analysed with respect to eradication of the urinary tract pathogen, resolution of clinical symptoms, incidence of relapse, and incidence of adverse effects. Among the 31 women who received ciprofloxacin, there was eradication of the micro-organism and complete resolution of clinical symptoms in 100% five to nine days after completion of therapy. Among the 34 patients who received co-trimoxazole, there was eradication in 94% and clinical resolution in 91%. Of the ciprofloxacin-treated women 6.5% (2/31) relapsed compared with 18% (6/34) of co-trimoxazole-treated women. Overall cure rates for 65 patients were 93.5% and 82.3% for ciprofloxacin and co trimoxazole (difference not statistically significant), respectively. A statistically significant (P less than 0.05) increase in adverse side effects was noted in patients treated with co-trimoxazole. Based upon preliminary data it appears that ciprofloxacin is as effective and less toxic than co-trimoxazole for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. PMID- 3492488 TI - Fever in rats during normal and dehydrated conditions. AB - The effect of endogenous pyrogen (EP, from rabbit) and endotoxin (Salmonella typhosa) on rectal temperature (Tre) was investigated in normal and dehydrated rats of both sexes. Intraperitoneal injection of either EP or endotoxin did not affect body temperature. In addition, no changes in Tre were observed when endotoxin was injected intravenously in normally hydrated male rats, but significant falls in Tre occurred in normal female rats. However, intravenous injection of EP produced fever in both sexes, but females generally showed smaller responses. A second intravenous injection of endotoxin, given 3 days after the first injection, always produced fever in normally hydrated rats. The pattern of this febrile response was monophasic. In contrast to the response in normal rats, intravenous endotoxin produced significant fevers with a biphasic pattern in dehydrated rats of either sex, but the febrile responses of male rats were greater than those of female rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between febrile responses to intravenous EP exhibited by normal and dehydrated animals. These results show that rats of both sexes possess physiological mechanisms capable of producing a fever following intravenous injections of EP. PMID- 3492489 TI - Unidirectional, intermittent rotation of the flagellum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. AB - The single flagellum of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides was found to be medially located on the cell body. Observation of free-swimming bacteria, and bacteria tethered by their flagellar filaments, revealed that the flagellum could only rotate in the clockwise direction; switching of the direction of rotation was never observed. Flagellar rotation stopped periodically, typically several times a minute for up to several seconds each. Reorientation of swimming cells appeared to be the result of Brownian rotation during the stop periods. The flagellar filament displayed polymorphism; detached and nonrotating filaments were usually seen as large-amplitude helices of such short wavelength that they appeared as flat coils or circles, whereas the filaments on swimming cells showed a normal (small-amplitude, long-wavelength) helical form. With attached filaments, the transition from the normal to the coiled form occurred when the flagellar motor stopped rotating, proceeding from the distal end towards the cell body. It is possible that both the relaxation process and the smaller frictional resistance after relaxation may act to enhance the rate of reorientation of the cell. The transition from the coiled to the normal form occurred when the motor restarted, proceeding from the proximal end outwards, which might further contribute to the reorientation of the cell before it reaches a stable swimming geometry. PMID- 3492490 TI - Electron microscopy of single-stranded structures in the DNA of competent Haemophilus influenzae cells. AB - Chromosomal DNAs from exponential-phase and competent cells of Haemophilus influenzae were examined by electron microscopy to determine whether the chromosome undergoes structural changes during competence development. Single stranded gaps and single-stranded tails formed in chromosomal DNA during competence development. The generation of gaps was dependent on the rec-2 function. Since the rec-2 mutant is defective in the translocation of donor DNA, it was inferred that the gaps were involved in the translocation step of transformation. The generation of single-stranded tails was independent of the rec-1 and rec-2 genes. Therefore, these structures were assumed to play no direct role in the interaction of donor and recipient DNAs during transformation. Gaps were preferentially associated with a readily denaturable, possibly A + T-rich fraction of the genome. This finding raised the possibility that hot spots for transformation might be associated with A + T-rich DNA. PMID- 3492492 TI - Identification in the human central nervous system, pituitary, and thyroid of a novel calcitonin gene-related peptide, and partial amino acid sequence in the spinal cord. AB - Two human genes encoding precursors for two calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) I (or alpha) and II (or beta) have been identified (Steenbergh, P. H., Hoppener, J. W. M., Zandberg, J., Lips, C. J. M., and Jansz, H. S. (1985) FEBS Lett. 183, 403-407). The amino acid sequence of CGRP-I was obtained in medullary thyroid carcinoma extracts (Morris, H. R., Panico, M., Etienne, T., Tippins, J., Girgis, S. I., and MacIntyre, I. (1984) Nature 308, 746-748), but not in normal human tissues. The human CGRP-II peptide remained to be discovered. Here we have determined in the human spinal cord the amino acid composition and the partial amino acid sequence of the DNA-predicted CGRP-I and -II. The data indicate for the first time the existence of a second CGRP different from the known CGRP-I. CGRP-II has been identified in the central nervous system, pituitary, thyroid, and in medullary thyroid carcinoma as a major CGRP form together with CGRP-I. PMID- 3492491 TI - Stringency in the absence of ppGpp accumulation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. AB - Leucine deprivation of either phototrophically or chemotrophically growing cells of Rhodobacter sphaeroides resulted in a restriction in the continued accumulations of cellular RNA, phospholipids, and protein. Phototrophically growing cells also displayed restrictions in the accumulations of cellular carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll. Leucine deprivation, however, did not provoke the accumulation of cellular ppGpp or alter the steady-state levels of ppGpp, ATP, or GTP in cells of R. sphaeroides. PMID- 3492494 TI - Two independent growth factor-generated signals regulate c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels in Swiss 3T3 cells. AB - Polypeptide growth factors that stimulate cell proliferation bind to cell surface receptors and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. One major signalling pathway, initiated by phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, involves activation of protein kinase C. Some polypeptide growth factors, including mitogens that activate protein kinase C, induce a rapid increase in expression of the proto-oncogenes, c-myc and c-fos. In order to characterize the signal transduction pathways responsible for proto-oncogene activation, we treated Swiss 3T3 cells with the tumor promoter phorbol dibutyrate to generate cells deficient in protein kinase C. These cells were then stimulated with platelet extract, bombesin, or epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the levels of c-myc and c-fos mRNA were determined. Platelet extract or bombesin, which stimulate PI turnover, were substantially weaker inducers of c-myc and c-fos mRNA levels in the protein kinase C-depleted cells, although some variability with platelet extract was noted. EGF, which does not stimulate PI turnover in several cell systems, was by contrast a potent inducer of both proto-oncogenes whether or not the cells were deficient in protein kinase C. Pretreatment of cells with phorbol dibutyrate caused little or no change in the basal levels of c-myc or c-fos mRNA, but led to a small but significant increase in basal levels of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA. These results demonstrate that EGF and growth factors that activate PI turnover induce expression of the c-myc and c-fos proto-oncogenes through different pathways. PMID- 3492495 TI - Improved functional results following myocardial revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. AB - Between February 1978 and October 1982, 40 patients with preoperative ejection fraction (EF) of 0.35 or less underwent aortocoronary bypass. An average of 3.1 saphenous vein grafts per patient were inserted and revascularization was considered complete in 33 (82%) of the subjects in the group. Mean follow-up period was 29 months (range 12-65 months). Early mortality was 5% (2 patients) and there were seven late deaths (3 cardiac and 4 non-cardiac). The five-year cardiac actuarial survival rate was 74% +/- 13% (+/- SEM). Angina has improved in 29 (94%) of the 31 long-term survivors with 23 (74%) being totally asymptomatic. Twenty-two of the long-term survivors performed an exercise test at the end of their follow-up period. These tests revealed that bypass surgery in such patients results in significantly enhanced myocardial oxygen consumption with concomitant increase in effort level and duration. The exercise ability is probably directly related to the degree of revascularization. PMID- 3492493 TI - The effects of phorbol myristate acetate and chemotactic peptide on transmembrane potentials and cytosolic free calcium in mature granulocytes evolve sequentially as the cells differentiate. AB - We isolated myeloid precursors from human marrow and studied the effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) upon transmembrane potentials and cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) as the cells matured. Using a panel of fluorescent probes, we found that membrane depolarization induced by PMA and fMLP in granulocytes, and elevation in [Ca2+]i stimulated by fMLP, were absent in myeloblasts. When we induced differentiation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors, we found that both ionic responses appeared at approximately the promyelocyte stage. By using di-O-C5(3), we detected an initial phase of fMLP-induced hyperpolarization which appeared ontogenetically earlier than depolarization and which could be evoked in mature granulocytes with lower concentrations of the ligand. Hyperpolarization was partially dependent on extracellular Na+, was abrogated by increasing the external K+ concentration, and was accompanied by mild acidification of the cytoplasm. Bordetella pertussis toxin abolished both hyperpolarization and depolarization. Our findings indicate that shifts in [Ca2+]i and membrane potential changes in response to PMA and fMLP evolve as granulocytes mature. In addition, transmembrane ionic fluxes induced by fMLP appear to be more complex than previously considered, involving at least two separable phases of membrane potential change. PMID- 3492496 TI - Time constraints in the emergency coronary bypass surgery for acute evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Fourty four patients underwent emergency coronary grafting for evolving myocardial infarction. All patients but one had undergone coronary angiography before the new infarction, 50% were in cardiogenic shock or under cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The mean time interval between the onset symptoms and opening of the bypass to the threatened area was 171 minutes. The operative mortality was 6.8%. At 30 months after surgery, the cardiac actuarial survival was 93.2%, the angina free group 94.2% of the operative survivors. Infarct size and regional ejection fraction of these patients at late follow-up were compared to those of controls treated conventionally for acute infarction. The thallium defects were smaller and the regional ejection fraction of the involved segment was higher after early surgery (less than 3 hours ischemia) than in controls. In the late surgery group the thallium defects and the regional ejection fractions were similar. Ultrastructural studies on biopsy samples taken from the center of the threatened area show reversible changes in the early surgery group but irreversible mitochondrial damage and cell membrane rupture in the late surgery group. Biochemical analysis of similar cardiac biopsies shows recovery after one hour empty beating reperfusion but only in the early surgery group. Our results suggest that coronary surgery can be beneficial to the patient with an evolving myocardial infarction, if the clinical situation does not permit intracoronary thrombolysis. However, one hour reperfusion of the empty beating heart before weaning off bypass is essential. The time constraints for both emergency surgery or thrombolysis are similar. PMID- 3492497 TI - Reduced per- and postoperative mortality following the use of urea during elective cardiopulmonary bypass. A proposed treatment for the prevention of reduced red cell deformability during open heart surgery. AB - The vital micro-rheological function of the red cells to deform was monitored during extracorporeal circulation in 75 patients undergoing open heart surgery. Red cell deformability was assessed in vitro by estimating red cell filtration rate (RFR). Urea was given to 32 patients during surgery and the remaining 43 acted as controls. After one hour on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) all patients showed a significant reduction of red cell filtration rate which continually worsened. In control patients where the RFR was severely altered there appeared to be more morbidity and mortality (11.6%). Using this simple method it is possible for the perfusionist to assess blood damage rapidly and possibly anticipate a difficult postoperative recovery. Urea administered during CPB reduced the decrease in RFR by a significant extent and in these patients the postoperative course was relatively uneventful and all survived. PMID- 3492499 TI - Calcium mobilization in permeabilized fibroblasts: effects of inositol trisphosphate, orthovanadate, mitogens, phorbol ester, and guanosine triphosphate. AB - Utilizing a digitonin-permeabilized cell system, we have studied the release of calcium from a non-mitochondrial intracellular compartment in cultured human fibroblasts (HSWP cells). Addition of 1 mM MgATP to a monolayer of permeabilized cells in a cytosolic media buffered to 150 nM Ca with EGTA rapidly stimulates 45Ca uptake, and the subsequent addition of the putative intracellular messenger inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) induces rapid release of 85% (+/- 6% n = 6) of the 45Ca taken up in response to ATP. Mitogenic peptides (bradykinin, vasopressin, epidermal growth factor [EGF], and insulin) and orthovanadate, which are effective in mobilizing intracellular Ca in intact cells, have little or no effect when added alone to permeabilized cells. However, in the presence of GTP these agents stimulate accumulation of inositol phosphates and release Ca from the InsP3-sensitive pool. These data suggest that a GTP binding protein is involved in receptor mediated activation of phospholipase C, which leads to release of inositol phosphates. The GTP-dependent release of InsP3 and the mobilization of 45Ca from the intracellular compartment are inhibited by pretreatment of cells, prior to permeabilization, with the protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA pretreatment does not affect the InsP3 stimulated Ca release. These results suggest that protein kinase C is involved in down-regulation or inhibition of phospholipase C, or the GTP binding protein responsible for relaying the mitogenic signal from the cell surface receptor to the phospholipase C activity. PMID- 3492501 TI - Control of cell proliferation in the human embryonic cornea: an autoradiographic analysis of the effect of growth factors on DNA synthesis in endothelial and stromal cells in organ culture and after explantation in vitro. AB - A novel technique for studying the growth properties of human embryonic corneal endothelial and stromal cells in organ culture was devised. Human embryonic eye globes were microdissected so that a passage was opened between the outer environment and the anterior chamber, which rendered free access of tissue culture medium to the endothelial cell monolayer. The dissected eye globes were maintained in organ culture for 24 h in the continuous presence of tritiated thymidine. Cross-sections were cut through the whole eye globes and subjected to autoradiographic analysis in order to estimate the mitogenic response of each corneal cell type to externally supplied growth factors and hormones. It was found that the corneal endothelial cells could be stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF). The stimulatory effect of this growth factor could be enhanced if either insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) or a combination of insulin, transferrin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was simultaneously added. Similar results were obtained by adding growth factors and hormones to primary cell cultures from human embryonic corneas. It was also found that the stromal cell could be stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by the addition of EGF and IGF I or a combination of insulin, transferrin and HDL. Taken together, these results suggest that the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells and stromal cells is dependent on EGF-like factors as well as on some insulin-like substance during embryogenesis. PMID- 3492498 TI - Control of hsp70 RNA levels in human lymphocytes. AB - The expression of a hsp70 gene in human cells has previously been shown to be related to the growth state of the cells. As an alternative to in vitro synchronization procedures, we have measured steady-state levels of the RNA for a heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that are naturally quiescent in a G0 state. The probe used recognized, on RNA blots, one single band. The levels of this hsp70 RNA are elevated in circulating PBMC and decrease when the cells are incubated with serum, or phytohemagglutinin, or simply when they are incubated in culture medium. The levels of hsp70 RNA decrease within 30 min after in vitro culture, and are accompanied by an increase in the levels of c-fos RNA. These findings, together with other recent reports in the literature, suggest a possible role of the hsp70 proteins in the regulation of cell growth. PMID- 3492500 TI - Human A673 cells secrete high molecular weight EGF-receptor binding growth factors that appear to be immunologically unrelated to EGF or TGF-alpha. AB - Extracts of serum-free conditioned medium from human rhabdomyosarcoma A673 cells contain high molecular weight (HMW) transforming growth factors (TGFs) that can be partially purified by Bio-Gel P-100 and carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose chromatography (Todaro et al: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:5258, 1980). Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed a principal peak of epidermal growth factor (EGF) radioreceptor assay (RRA) activity and anchorage independent growth (AIG) activity that coeluted with 25-26% acetonitrile. If a trailing shoulder of EGF RRA activity from the CM-C chromatography was included in the material for HPLC analysis, additional active fractions were observed at 21-22% acetonitrile. Importantly, both active regions from HPLC failed to compete in radioimmunoassays under reduced and denatured conditions for human EGF (hEGF), human TGF-alpha (hTGF-alpha), or rat TGF-alpha (rTGF-alpha) and failed to give positive signals in Western blots under conditions in which TGF-alpha was readily detected when using an antisera raised against the 17 C-terminal amino acids of rTGF-alpha. Nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed EGF RRA and AIG activities in gel slices corresponding to Mr 15,000 and 22,000 in the 25-26% acetonitrile eluate and Mr 15,000, 20,000, 27,000, and 48,000 in the 21-22% acetonitrile eluate. The presence of multiple forms of EGF-receptor-binding peptides produced in vitro suggest size heterogeneity and possible immunologic diversity among high molecular weight members of the EGF/TGF-alpha family of growth-promoting polypeptides. PMID- 3492503 TI - Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiographic studies on internalization of 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor in term human placenta. AB - The electron microscopic autoradiographic studies described here revealed the presence of specific silver grains over nuclei, lysosomal vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus after incubation of placental tissue for 2 h at 38 degrees C with 1 nM-[125I]EGF. Three-step mask analysis, which corrects for radiation spread, showed that the relative grain density was the highest in nuclei, followed by lysosomal vesicles, then Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum, equally. The nuclear grain density, however, was lower than that in microvillus plasma membranes. There were very few grains in basolateral plasma membranes, none in the basement membrane area and a considerable number in capillary endothelial cells. The present results demonstrating the association of internalized [125I]EGF with a variety of intracellular organelles raise the possibility of EGF acting on the intracellular sites in addition to cell surface sites. PMID- 3492502 TI - The presence of epidermal growth factor binding sites in the intracellular organelles of term human placenta. AB - Highly purified lysosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, as well as microvillus plasma membranes, bound 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor ([125I]EGF) with similar affinity. Scatchard plots for all the organelles were curvilinear. The apparent number of available binding sites per mg protein of intracellular organelles was 27-71% of that found in microvillus plasma membranes. The bound and free [125I]EGF were not degraded by any of the organelles. Binding and dissociation of [125I]EGF in all organelles were dependent on the time and temperature of incubation. The specificity of [125I]EGF binding was similar in all organelles. The optimal pH for binding to lysosomes was 6.0, in contrast to 7.0 for all the other organelles. Exposure of different organelles to enzymes and protein-modifying reagents resulted in numerous binding differences between the intracellular organelles and microvillus plasma membranes. Covalent affinity labelling with [125I]EGF revealed two major proteins of 155 and 140(X10(3)) Mr in all the organelles. The 155 X 10(3) Mr protein was labelled predominantly in all organelles except rough endoplasmic reticulum, where both proteins were equally labelled. Addition of proteolytic inhibitors during isolation of organelles did not alter the pattern of [125I]EGF-labelled binding proteins found in the organelles. EGF also stimulated phosphorylation of the 155 and 140(X10(3)) Mr proteins in all the organelles. The 155 X 10(3) Mr protein was phosphorylated more than the 140 X 10(3) Mr protein in microvillus plasma membranes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the 140 X 10(3) Mr protein was phosphorylated more than the 155 X 10(3) Mr protein in lysosomes and both proteins were equally phosphorylated in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Several organelles also contained minor [125I]EGF-binding proteins that did not show phosphorylation response and proteins that showed phosphorylation response but did not bind [125I]EGF. Thus, the present study demonstrates by a number of different criteria, that several intracellular organelles of term human placenta also contain EGF-binding and kinase activities. PMID- 3492504 TI - Phorbol esters activate protein kinase C and glucose transport and can replace the requirement for growth factor in interleukin-3-dependent multipotent stem cells. AB - Interleukin 3 (IL-3) promotes the survival, proliferation and development of progenitor cells from several distinct haemopoietic lineages and can also stimulate the self-renewal of stem cells. We have explored the mode of action of this growth factor in promoting survival and proliferation, using a multipotent haemopoietic stem cell line FDC-Mix 1. In the absence of IL-3 these cells died within 16-48 h. However, this requirement for IL-3 could be replaced by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) plus Ca2+ ionophore, which promoted not only survival but also DNA synthesis with no concomitant loss of the multipotential nature of these cells. TPA and Ca2+ ionophore, respectively, could also interact synergistically with IL-3 to promote DNA synthesis. Both IL-3 and TPA stimulated the translocation of protein kinase C (PK-C) from the cytosol to a membrane-bound form in FDC-Mix 1 cells. Previously we suggested that IL-3 can activate the primary metabolism of IL-3-dependent cells so that increased glucose transport and glycolysis lead to maintenance of ATP levels and cellular survival. To investigate whether TPA and, or, Ca2+ ionophore could also influence cellular survival via an activation of glucose uptake we assessed the effects of these agents on hexose transport. TPA +/- Ca2+ ionophore activated hexose transport to the same degree as does IL-3 but these agents cannot superstimulate FDC-Mix 1 hexose transport in cells that already exhibit an activated transport system from preincubation with IL-3. We conclude that IL-3 maintains FDC-Mix 1 cells via its ability to activate PK-C and increase cytosolic levels of Ca2+, and that an IL-3 mediated activation of PK-C may promote cellular survival via its ability to enhance hexose uptake by phosphorylating the glucose transport protein. PMID- 3492505 TI - Cerebellar diaschisis in pontine ischemia. A case report with single-photon emission computerized tomography. AB - Regional cerebral and cerebellar blood flows were studied by N,N,N'-trimethyl-N' (2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-[123I]iodobenzyl)-1,3- propanediamine 2 HCl (I-123 HIPDM) and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in a patient with an ischemic lesion of the pons. An asymmetry of perfusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, normal on transmission computerized tomography scan, was demonstrated by SPECT studies in the early acute phase and confirmed 15 days after. This finding may be related to the interruption of the corticopontocerebellar pathways. PMID- 3492506 TI - A study of the single compartment tracer kinetic model for the measurement of local cerebral blood flow using 15O-water and positron emission tomography. AB - The effects of varying the data collection time on the calculation of cerebral blood flow and distribution volume via the integrated projection technique were studied in four human subjects. The significance of these results in terms of the limitations of the single compartment model for 15O-water was explored using computer simulations. The simulations helped to account for causes for the variations seen in blood flow and distribution volume as a function of the data collection time. Two different compartmental models were explored for better quantitation of blood flow and distribution volume. PMID- 3492507 TI - Regional asymmetries of cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen utilization and extraction in normal subjects. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-labeled radiotracers were used to measure regional CBF, cerebral blood volume (CBV), CMRO2, and oxygen extraction in 32 right-handed subjects at rest. Mean left hemispheric CBF (46.2 +/- 6.8 ml/100 g/min) and CMRO2 (2.60 +/- 0.59 ml/100 g/min) were significantly lower than right hemispheric values (47.4 +/- 7.2 and 2.66 +/- 0.61 ml/100 g/min, respectively; p less than 0.0001 for both), whereas left and right hemispheric CBV and oxygen extraction were not significantly different. We further investigated these asymmetries by comparing left- and right-sided values for specific cortical and subcortical regions. We found that left-sided CBF and CMRO2 were significantly lower than right-sided values for sensorimotor, occipital, and superior temporal regions, whereas only left-sided CBF values were lower for anterior cingulum. CBV was asymmetric for the anterior cingulate and mid-frontal regions, and oxygen extraction was asymmetric for the sensorimotor area. No asymmetries were observed in inferior parietal cortex, thalamus, putamen, or pallidum. Knowledge of these normal physiological asymmetries is essential for proper interpretation of PET studies of physiology and pathology. Furthermore, the ability to detect asymmetries with PET may lead to a better understanding of the lateralization of specific functions in the human brain. PMID- 3492508 TI - [Hemorrhagic Meckel's diverticulum. The place of abdominal scintigraphy with technetium 99m. Apropos of a case with gastric and pancreatic heterotopia]. AB - A 12 year old child presented with a hemorrhagic Meckel's diverticulum, gastric heterotopia without identifiable ulceration and a totally aberrant pancreas. The diagnostic value of 99m-technetium abdominal scintigraphy in patients with Meckel's diverticula and gastric heterotopia, as well as the limits of this investigation, are discussed. PMID- 3492509 TI - Measurement error and reliability in four pediatric cross-sectional surveys of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables--the Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Four cross-sectional epidemiologic studies of children 5-17 years of age were conducted between 1973 and 1982 in the community of Bogalusa, La. Anthropometric, blood pressure and serum lipid variables were measured. Measurement error (precision) and reliability (reproducibility) were estimated for these risk factor variables of coronary artery disease. Precision was less than 0.8 cm for height, 0.8 kg for weight, and 1 mm for triceps and subscapular skinfold over the four surveys. Measurement error for the mercury sphygmomanometer and automatic blood pressure instruments was between 4 and 5 mmHg during this same period. Except for triglycerides and total and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterols that stabilized at lower levels after the first survey, precision of laboratory variables remained nearly constant over the 9 years of survey. Anthropometric measurements were found to be the most reliable followed next by the laboratory and then blood pressure measurements. These estimates offer guidelines applicable to data collection and processing in future investigations of risk factor variables for coronary artery disease. PMID- 3492510 TI - Towards a behavioral typology of Alzheimer's patients. AB - Neuropsychological test performance and estimates of regional rates of cortical glucose metabolism obtained via positron emission tomography are presented for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Analyses of these data indicated the presence of distinct subgroups characterized by qualitatively different profiles of cognitive impairment and corresponding patterns of cerebral hypometabolism. No subgroup differences were noted with regard to age at onset or reported duration of symptoms. These findings indicate that, in a given individual, AD may initially invade a relatively circumscribed cortical region. Thus, although AD may constitute a single disease process, it does not result in a unitary neuropsychological syndrome. PMID- 3492511 TI - CD4+ T cell activation in multiple sclerosis. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by CD4-enriched T cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and normal individuals stimulated with concanavalin A (conA) and/or autologous and allogeneic B lymphoid cell lines (B-LCL) was evaluated 24, 48 and 96 h after stimulation. ConA-stimulated CD4+ cells from MS patients did not produce significantly more IL-2 than normal CD4+ cells. In contrast, autologous B LCL-induced IL-2 production by MS CD4+ cells significantly (P = 0.026) exceeded that produced by normal CD4+ cells identically stimulated after 24 h in culture. Differences in IL-2 production by CD4+ cells from MS patients reached highest significance using allogeneic B-LCL, whose stimulatory capacity was similar, whether established from normal individuals or MS patients. This increased IL-2 production in response to B-LCL may represent a supranormal response of CD4+ cells from MS patients to class II major histocompatibility (MHC)-associated stimuli. It suggests that the deficiency of suppressor T cell functions postulated to play a role in MS does not arise from a lack of IL-2 induction and might indicate that bursts of IL-2 production could play a role in MS. PMID- 3492512 TI - The expression and detection of MHC class I antigens on murine neuroblastoma and ependymoblastoma lines. AB - It has been reported that human neuroblastoma lines are almost devoid of class I transplantation antigens, while human glioma lines express these antigens. Other studies have also shown a paucity of class I antigens on the murine neuroblastoma line N2A, and the expression of these antigens by the murine ependymoblastoma G26 lines. Such differences might represent heterogeneity in class I antigen expression by different brain cell types, and the importance of this to the immunology of the brain prompted us to re-examine class I expression by these cell lines in more detail. Using an exhaustive number of approaches, we were not able to detect significant differences in class I surface antigen expression between N2A and the G26 lines. We compared the murine neuroblastoma line Cl300 and its cloned derivative, N2A, to the lines G26-20 and G26-24. Antibody dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxicity revealed detectable levels of both K and D region antigens on these lines. Immunocytofluorometric analysis further confirmed that these lines express high levels of class I antigens, although due to their large sizes, the surface densities of class I antigens on these cells are lower than splenocytes. This lower density of class I molecules did not impede the capacity of either the neuroblastoma or the G26 lines to serve as targets of H-2K- or D-specific T effectors. Finally, comparison of these two cell types for class I RNA transcripts also revealed no difference. Thus, our findings which are the most detailed study of these lines are drastically different from findings in humans as well as earlier findings in the murine system. Likely explanations are discussed and precautions are given for the study of class I antigen expression by these lines. PMID- 3492513 TI - Suppression of peripheral blood natural killer cell activity by excess thyroid hormone. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells were assessed in patients with hyperthyroxinemia due to Graves' disease or treatment with thyroxine (T4). Cytolytic activity was measured with 51Cr-labeled K562 tumor cells and NK enumeration was by flow cytometry using NKH-1 monoclonal antibody to identify the relevant surface marker. Activity was uniformly decreased in association with hyperthyroxinemia, regardless of the underlying pathology; however, there was no reduction in the number of NKH-1+ cells. NK activity was enhanced by addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in both control and patients' cells although the value in the latter instance failed to reach the basal control level. Production of IL-2 by lymphocytes from hyperthyroxinemic subjects, in response to phytohemagglutinin, was also reduced. Since NK cells are thought to act as a defense against viral infections and some malignancies and may play a role in autoregulation of the immune system, this effect of T4 may have significant biological implications. PMID- 3492514 TI - Idiotypic markers of polyclonal B cell activation. Public idiotypes shared by monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or leprosy. AB - We investigated idiotypic markers of monoclonal antibodies derived from patients with polyclonal B-cell activation. Four monoclonal antibodies with different ligand binding specificities derived from a patient with lepromatous leprosy and three monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies from two patients with SLE were studied. Three new public idiotopes, which were common to monoclonal antibodies from all three patients, were defined by five polyclonal rabbit antiidiotypes, two monoclonal mouse antiidiotopes, and a monoclonal mouse antibody against a synthetic peptide that contains residues of the heavy chain CDR-1 of a monoclonal lupus anti-DNA antibody. The antibody against the synthetic idiotype was found to react with native immunoglobulins in solution. One idiotope was found to be consistently immunogenic in all animals tested. Since the three patients are of different ethnic origins, these shared idiotypes are probably encoded by germline V genes. These genes may be recurrently expressed in states of polyclonal B-cell activation, regardless of etiology. The results suggest that some autoantibodies arise by expansion of a pool of precursors in the normal antibody repertoire. PMID- 3492516 TI - A new method to detect directly in culture cell surface membrane immunoglobulins. AB - An ELISA assay is described for the measurement of the smIgG. The method is based on the detection of cell-smIgG directly on the same microplate used for the culture. The cells, preincubated at 37 degrees C for one hour, were cultured in the presence of S-ConA and serum-free medium for two days. Using this strategy, the background noise due to non specific adsorption of IgG to plastic wells and cytophilic antibodies was eliminated. The cells in the presence of S-ConA and serum-free medium adhered to the plastic wells, and the cell-smIgG were detected using an anti-human IgG covalently linked to alkaline phosphatase or its F(ab')2 fragment. The possibility of measuring the modulation of the expression of the cell-smIgG without any additional manipulation is stressed. PMID- 3492517 TI - Leucocyte elastase activity in meningococcal septicaemia associated coagulopathy. AB - The concentration of the elastase-alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex (E-alpha 1 PI) in a meningococcal infection in an index case with severe changes in haemostasis was measured. The concentration of the E-alpha 1 PI complex was increased throughout the duration of the illness, although concentrations of the blood clotting factors were severely decreased. The release of polymorphonuclear elastase activity may contribute to the depletion in clotting factors. PMID- 3492515 TI - Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ associated with von Willebrand factor release in human endothelial cells exposed to histamine. Study of microcarrier cell monolayers using the fluorescent probe indo-1. AB - A method for measuring fluorescence in anchored monolayers of human endothelial cells is described and used to demonstrate changes in the cytosolic free-calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) in these cells exposed to histamine and thrombin; some endothelial responses to both agonists (e.g., mitogenesis) have been suggested to be Ca2+-mediated. Umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on microcarriers and loaded with the Ca2+ indicator, indo-1. Enzymatic cell detachment was avoided by monitoring the indo-1 fluorescence ratio (400/480 nm) of a stirred suspension of cell-covered microcarriers. Basal [Ca2+]c was estimated to be 70-80 nM. Thrombin induced a transient dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]c, which was active site dependent. Histamine stimulated a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]c, which was reversed by removal of histamine and inhibited competitively by the H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine, but not by the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. Furthermore, histamine induced a dose-dependent secretion of von Willebrand factor, which paralleled the rise in [Ca2+]c and was similarly blocked by the H1 receptor antagonist, and which may contribute to platelet deposition at sites of inflammation. PMID- 3492518 TI - Restoration of neuromuscular specificity following ventral rhizotomy in the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The specificity of hindlimb reinnervation following transection of lumbar ventral roots was investigated in adult and larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Five to 6 weeks following ventral rhizotomy, the retrogradely transported marker horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to circumscribed regions of the hindlimb. The location of labeled motoneuron somata within the lumbar lateral motor column was compared with that obtained in unoperated tadpoles. Reinnervation of the hindlimb was largely specific in tadpoles operated during the first third of larval life. However, localization was largely lost in older tadpoles and adult frogs. Repeated applications of 3H-thymidine combined with retrograde labeling with HRP failed to provide evidence that newly born motoneurons contribute to reinnervation of the hindlimb. Hindlimb reinnervation thus appears to result from regeneration of transected motor axons. In contrast to the lack of neuromuscular specificity seen in older animals after transection of ventral roots, motoneuron axons disconnected from their targets by crush injury regenerate to the appropriate limb regions. PMID- 3492519 TI - Frequency of moles as a key to melanoma incidence? AB - Subjects with light skin complexion are especially prone to develop melanoma. Furthermore, individuals with large numbers of moles are also at increased risk of developing melanoma. We studied the association between these two markers of melanoma in a group of healthy white people: 116 children 6 to 9 years of age, 78 children 10 to 13 years of age, and 133 medical and nursing students 18 to 30 years of age. Moles were counted on the chest, back, and lower legs. Skin complexion was established with the use of a scoring system based on burning/tanning ability, eye and hair color, and freckling tendency. A multifactorial statistical analysis was performed. Average mole counts increased with age (p less than 0.0001). Male subjects had more nevi on the trunk than female subjects, whereas counts on the lower legs were higher in female than in male subjects (p = 0.0001). Skin complexion was an important denominator of mole proneness; subjects with a light complexion had higher mean counts than those with a dark complexion (p = 0.0001). The present study shows that a significant association exists between skin complexion phenotype and numbers of moles. The pattern of the appearance of pigmented nevi roughly correlates with the sex and site distribution of melanoma. PMID- 3492520 TI - Questions pertaining to the true frequencies with which anti-Ro/SS-A autoantibody and the HLA-DR3 phenotype occur in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients. PMID- 3492521 TI - Rubidium-82 myocardial uptake and extraction after transient ischemia: PET characteristics. AB - The effects of transient regional ischemia on monovalent cation uptake and extraction by the myocardium were studied in seven open chest dogs. Following a 10-20% stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery to prevent reactive hyperemia, the regional myocardial uptake of the monovalent cation 82Rb (ml/min/g X extraction) was measured before, during, and at 10, 30, and 60-80 min after a 10 min total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery using positron emission tomography. Regional myocardial blood flow was also measured at the same time interval using radiolabeled carbonized microspheres. The regional myocardial extraction of 82Rb was calculated as uptake/flow. In normally perfused myocardial regions there was an inverse relationship between 82Rb extraction and blood flow [extraction = -0.56 (In flow) + 0.46, r = 0.93] over a range of flow from 0.3 to 4 ml/min/g. During the prolonged recovery of 82Rb uptake in the transiently ischemic region, flow had returned to normal levels but 82Rb extraction at a given value of flow was significantly decreased at the 30 and 60-80 min times after release of the occlusion compared with normally perfused regions. Thus, prolonged abnormalities in the 82Rb uptake and extraction occur in myocardium recovering from transient ischemia. PMID- 3492522 TI - Computed tomography of intramural intestinal hemorrhage and bowel ischemia. AB - The CT findings of eight patients with intramural intestinal hemorrhage are described and illustrated. Two patients had ischemic bowel disease: in the other six cases pertinent clinical histories led to an accurate diagnosis. Computed tomography demonstrated similar findings consisting of circumferential and symmetrical wall thickening homogeneous in density, a slightly narrowed intestinal lumen, and sharp outer contour. The disease had a segmental distribution affecting different parts of the intestinal tract. In six patients edematous and congestive mesenteric changes were seen and in two patients intraperitoneal blood was detected. An adequate history and careful clinical evaluation are crucial in differentiating the more benign forms of intramural hemorrhage from bowel ischemia. PMID- 3492523 TI - Mitral valve replacement early after myocardial infarction: attendant high risk of left ventricular rupture. AB - Between 1969 and 1983, 608 patients underwent mitral valve replacement surgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Perioperative rupture of the left ventricular myocardium complicated seven operations (1.2%), five of them in the 247 patients with concomitant ischemic heart disease. Six ruptures were fatal. Relative incidences of seven previously hypothesized predisposing factors were determined for patients with and without myocardial rupture. In addition, because of the apparent frequency of association with ischemic heart disease and because all ruptures were posterior or posterolateral, patients were also categorized by prior history of posterior myocardial infarction: 177 patients had none, whereas 49 patients had a remote and 21 patients a recent (less than or equal to 1 month) posterior wall infarct. Four ruptures (accounting for 57% of all ruptures) occurred in the 21 patients (19% incidence) with a recent posterior infarct, compared with only three ruptures in the 587 patients (0.5%) without a recent posterior wall infarct (p = 0.000). None of the factors of age, sex, valve pathology, etiology of valve lesion, concomitant coronary disease, valve substitute or intraoperative myocardial preservation were associated with perioperative rupture. These data establish a low overall incidence of ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement, high fatality and possible etiologic association with recent posterior wall infarction. PMID- 3492524 TI - Longitudinal changes in allergen skin test reactivity in a community population sample. AB - A cohort of 1333 subjects, aged 3 years and older, was followed for a mean of 8.1 years to assess changes in allergen skin test reactivity. The overall prevalence of reactivity to the five antigen mixtures was 39.1% during the initial survey and 50.7% after the follow-up period. The greatest increase in prevalence occurred among children and teenagers (22.2% and 19.5%) with only minimal increases after the age of 65 years (6.0%). No difference in prevalence between male and female subjects was apparent, either initially or at the end of the follow-up period. In-migration to the Tucson area was a major factor in determining changes in reaction prevalence. Among subjects more than 35 years of age, recent in-migrants accounted for most of the increased prevalence. Comparisons of atopy among consistent smoking groups confirmed the previous observation that smokers are less atopic than either nonsmokers or exsmokers, probably because of a self-selection process. In contrast, exsmokers were generally the most atopic, both initially and at the end of the longitudinal observation period. The high overall prevalence of allergen reactivity in this population is believed to be due in large measure to high year-round concentrations of multiple aeroallergens in the Tucson environment. PMID- 3492525 TI - Effect of in vitro irradiation and cell cycle-inhibitory drugs on the spontaneous human IgE synthesis in vitro. AB - The in vitro effects of radiation, diterpine forskolin (FK), and hydrocortisone (HC) on the in vitro spontaneous IgE synthesis by peripheral blood B-lymphocytes from atopic patients were investigated. Without affecting cell viability, in vitro irradiation inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion de novo IgE synthesis in vitro by B cells from all patients examined with a mean 40% reduction of in vitro IgE product after treatment with 100 rads. In contrast, the in vitro IgE production by the U266 myeloma cell line was unaffected, even by irradiation with 1600 rads. The addition to B cell cultures from atopic patients of FK consistently resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the spontaneous IgE production in vitro. The addition to cultures of 10(-5) and 10(-6) molar concentrations of HC was also usually inhibitory, whereas lower HC concentrations were uneffective or even enhanced the spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis. When 10(-6) molar concentrations of both HC and FK were combined in culture, a summation inhibitory effect on the spontaneous IgE synthesis was observed. In contrast, neither FK nor HC had inhibitory effect on the in vitro spontaneous IgE synthesis by the U266 myeloma cell line. The spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis by B cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease, demonstrating high levels of serum IgE, was strongly reduced or virtually abolished after patients underwent total nodal irradiation to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, the in vitro spontaneous IgE synthesis by B cells from atopic patients was markedly decreased or abolished by in vivo administration of betamethasone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492526 TI - Massive GI bleeding secondary to small bowel lesion: two case reports. PMID- 3492527 TI - Synergistic anti-proliferative activity of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. PMID- 3492528 TI - Autoreactive T cell clones of MHC class II specificities are produced during responses against foreign antigens in man. AB - Although the existence of autoreactive T cells has been widely reported in mice and in guinea pigs, a similar phenomenon is poorly documented in man. Here we report the study of three human autoreactive T cell clones isolated during immunization of HLA-DRw13 donors either against influenza A/Texas virus or against allogeneic cells. These clones are specific for autologous HLA-class II specificities either common to all HLA-DRw13 molecules or restricted to the HLA DR products specific for the DW19 subtype of HLA-DRw13. They are also cytotoxic and they have the same specificity when tested for lytic activity or in proliferation assays. Furthermore, they are also able to help autologous B cells to polyclonally produce Ig. The possible implication of such clones in regulatory mechanisms involving HLA-class II molecules is discussed. PMID- 3492529 TI - Human thymic epithelial cells function as accessory cells for autologous mature thymocyte activation. AB - Using human thymocytes and autologous thymic epithelial (TE) cells grown in vitro in long-term culture, we have found TE cells can function as accessory cells for mitogen-induced mature thymocyte activation. Tritiated thymidine incorporation, blast formation, and protein synthesis were all induced in accessory cell depleted thymocytes by autologous TE cells in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of PHA. After 3 days of mitogen stimulation of thymocyte-TE cell cocultures in vitro, thymocyte blasts bound to TE cells and 77 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of TE cells acquired expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (DR) antigen. TE accessory cell function for thymocyte activation was dependent on the number of TE cells added to thymocyte cultures, was not dependent on TE cell division, but did require TE cell protein synthesis. In thymocyte separation experiments, the predominant cell type responding to PHA in the presence of TE cells was T6- mature (stage III) thymocytes. Thus, human TE cells are capable of providing signals that lead to mature thymocyte activation. PMID- 3492530 TI - Activation of human B cell proliferation through surface Bp35 (CD20) polypeptides or immunoglobulin receptors. AB - Human B cells can be activated with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to surface IgM receptors or mAb to a 35-kilodalton B cell differentiation antigen, Bp35 (CD20). We compared anti-Ig-induced B cell activation with B cell triggering by anti Bp35. Both anti-Ig- and anti-Bp35-dependent proliferation were augmented by the same co-stimulants, including a partially purified BCGF, recombinant IL 1, TPA, or each other. When anti-Bp35 and anti-Ig were used together to induce proliferation of tonsillar B cells, the strongest response was observed when anti Bp35 was added 12 to 24 hr before anti-Ig. Anti-Bp35 also was found to act most effectively when added before the BCGF. Blood and tonsillar B cells differed in their proliferative response to anti-Ig or anti-Bp35: unlike dense tonsillar B cells, which consistently proliferated in response to either stimulus, blood B cells from many donors proliferated in response to anti-Ig but not to anti-Bp35 even in the presence of other co-stimuli. Dense tonsillar B cells that proliferate in response to anti-Bp35 appeared to be at a more activated stage than unresponsive blood B cells because they expressed higher levels of HLA class II molecules than blood B cells. Pretreatment of blood B cells with anti-Bp35 converted them to an HLA-DR(bri) phenotype and made them more responsive to anti Ig-induced proliferation. These results suggest that B cells at different stages of differentiation differ in their response to anti-Bp35 and anti-Ig. The Bp35 surface polypeptide may play an early role in the activation of B cells prior to antigen or other signals. PMID- 3492531 TI - Differences among immune complexes: association of C1q in SLE immune complexes with renal disease. AB - Studies that made use of multiple assay systems demonstrated increased levels of immune complexes (IC) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but no consistent correlations of IC concentration to patterns or activity of disease have been observed. Furthermore, consistent associations between qualitative differences in IC and disease manifestations have been elusive. IC interaction with erythrocytes and mononuclear phagocytic cells is another variable in SLE that may also mediate some of the biological effects of IC. The present report concerns studies of the composition of purified IC obtained from individuals with SLE and other rheumatic diseases; a 64,000 dalton component identified as the A-B subunit of C1q was detected in purified IC from 27 of 51 SLE patients (53%). The presence of this 64,000 dalton component was not related to either IC concentration or to the serum C1q level. However, the presence of the C1q component in isolated SLE IC did correlate with the presence of renal disease (p less than 0.02). These observations are interpreted relative to a recently described kinetic model of IC clearance. PMID- 3492532 TI - Distribution of histopathology and Ia positive cells in actively induced and passively transferred experimental autoimmune orchitis. AB - Histopathology in testes from mice with actively induced experimental orchitis (EAO) (active EAO) and those from recipients of testis-sensitized lymphocytes (passive EAO) had different distributions. In passive EAO, maximum orchitis existed in the straight tubules, rete testis, and ductus efferentes, obstruction of which led to extreme dilatation of seminiferous tubules. Unusual intralymphatic granulomata also resulted in dilated testicular lymphatics. In active EAO, maximum orchitis affected seminiferous tubules under the testicular capsule, away from the rete testes. Vasitis was common and occurred in both active and passive EAO. In normal testes, IA+ F4/80+ cells were sparse but formed a cuff around the straight tubules. After immunization with testis in adjuvant or with adjuvant alone, the number, size, and staining intensity of IA+ cells increased dramatically beginning on day 5, 7 days before disease onset. Simultaneously, epithelial cells confined to the ductus efferentes became Ia+. Although recipients of sensitized lymphocytes also developed epithelial Ia in the ductus efferentes, they did not show changes in testicular interstitial Ia+ cells. Our findings indicate that testicular autoantigens are not completely sequestered, but are accessible to and can react with passively transferred immune lymphocytes in well-defined regions of the germ cell compartment. These regions coincided to a large extent with maximum expression of periductal or epithelial Ia. Changes in Ia+ cells in the testis, which are inducible by adjuvants and precede orchitis, may account in part for the different distribution of histopathology of active EAO. PMID- 3492534 TI - Augmentation of normal and malignant B cell proliferation by monoclonal antibody to the B cell-specific antigen BP50 (CDW40). AB - We recently described a 50,000 dalton polypeptide Bp50 (CDw40) that is expressed on human B cells and plays a role in regulating B cell proliferation. Here we additionally characterize the functional signal given by antibody binding to Bp50 on both normal and malignant B cells. A monoclonal anti-Bp50 antibody could augment the proliferation of B cells activated by anti-IgM, anti-CD20, or 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation, but was not co-stimulatory with B cell growth factor (BCGF), interleukin 1, or interleukin 2. The signal did not depend on the Fc portion of the antibody, because F(ab')2 fragments of anti Bp50 were still functionally active. Both anti-Bp50 and a low m.w. BCGF preparation were similar in that both were co-stimulatory with the same agents and both anti-Bp50 and BCGF affected activated B cells but not resting B cells. However, a panel of B cell malignancies differed in their responsiveness to anti Bp50 vs BCGF: some tumors proliferated in response to anti-Bp50 but not BCGF, whereas other tumors had the opposite pattern. Bp50 was found to have several properties in common with HLA class II molecules: both Bp50 and class II were expressed at lower levels on blood B cells than on tonsillar B cells; the expression of both Bp50 and class II was increased after activation of blood B cells with TPA or anti-IgM; and the expression of both Bp50 and class II was increased after activation of non T, non-B acute leukemias with BCGF. Thus class II and Bp50 expression may be under common regulatory control. The fact that BCGF modulated the expression of Bp50 on leukemic cells suggests that BCGF and Bp50 mediated signals may be coordinately regulated. PMID- 3492533 TI - Defective B cell clonal regulation and autoantibody production in New Zealand black mice. AB - By using the splenic fragment assay in a KLH-primed host, we have evaluated the clonal anergy model of tolerance in DBA/2 and spontaneously autoimmune NZB mice. Unlike immature B cells from DBA/2 mice (which are tolerized by encounter with TNP-OVA), SIg- B cells from NZB mice respond to TNP-KLH with equal precursor frequency in TNP-OVA-tolerized or control fragments. In additional experiments, SIg- bone marrow or mature spleen cells of DBA/2 or NZB origin were adoptively transferred into irradiated (DBA/2 X NZB) F1 X xid hosts, and host-derived splenic fragments were stimulated in vitro with LPS and growth factors. These experiments revealed a substantial anti-ssDNA precursor frequency in NZB marrow and spleen (2.5 and 5.1, respectively, per 10(7) transferred cells). In DBA/2 SIg marrow cells, there was an anti-ssDNA precursor frequency of 1.3 to 3.5/10(7) transferred cells; however, anti-ssDNA-producing clones were reduced in fragments derived from recipients of DBA/2 as compared with NZB spleen cells (0.2 to 1.9/10(7) transferred cells). By using a replica plate technique, we evaluated fragments from recipients of DBA/2 SIg- marrow cells or mature spleen cells for anti-TNP reactivity. In fragments derived from recipients of DBA/2 SIg- marrow cells, 92% of anti-TNP-producing fragments also bound ssDNA. In fragments derived from recipients of DBA/2 spleen cells, only 43% of anti-TNP-producing fragments also bound ssDNA. Our findings document that NZB marrow-derived immature B cells abnormally resist tolerance induction, and that clonal anergy/selection operates in directing the B cell repertoire away from autoantibody formation. PMID- 3492535 TI - Kinetics of C1 activation by a monoclonal anti-C1q antibody and its (Fab)2 fragments. AB - Monoclonal antibody 1H11, which binds to the "head" portion of C1q, has been shown to be a strong, stoichiometric activator of C1, the first component of human complement, maximal activation being achieved at a ratio of one antibody combining site per one C1q head; moreover, this activation occurs even in the presence of C1-inhibitor, as reported previously. In the present paper, the kinetics of activation are shown to be biphasic; that is, a portion of the C1 is activated very rapidly, and the remainder slowly. These two processes can be separated by the order of mixing of preincubated components; thus, only the rapid activation rate is observed if C1q and the monoclonal antibody are preincubated together and are added subsequently to a mixture of C1r2C1S2 and C1-inhibitor. Only the slow activation rate is observed when C1q, C1r2C1S2, and C1-inhibitor are preincubated and are added subsequently to monoclonal antibody 1H11. Similar results are obtained by using either the intact 1H11 antibody or else the (Fab)2 obtained from it by proteolytic digestion and purification. The rapid phase is independent of the concentration of 1H11 over the range employed; the slow phase depends on 1H11 concentration. Plausible activation schemes are presented to explain the two distinct activation rate processes, and kinetic models are developed which provide a reasonable simulation of the experimental data. PMID- 3492536 TI - Constitutive and IL 1-regulated murine complement gene expression is strain and tissue specific. AB - To study the molecular mechanisms accounting for strain- and tissue-specific variations in the production of complement proteins, complementary DNA probes were used to assess qualitative and quantitative differences in specific mRNA content of complement proteins C2, factor B, and C3 in extracts of tissues (liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and peritoneal macrophages) isolated from various mouse strains. Northern blot analysis of total hepatic RNA revealed differences in C2, factor B, and C3 mRNA levels in strains that share B10 background but differ in the H-2 region (e.g., H-2k, H-2u, H-2d, H-2f). In each instance, hepatic mRNA specific for the individual gene product corresponded in amount to the serum levels. By contrast, specific mRNA content of C2 and factor B in macrophages differed significantly from those observed in liver for each strain. Modulation of C2, factor B, and C3 expression was studied after in vivo administration of recombinant IL 1 or endotoxin to H-2k (B10.AKM) or H-2u (B10.PL) strain mice. As assessed by Northern blot analysis, neither endotoxin nor IL 1 affected liver C2-specific mRNA but increased specific C2 mRNA levels in kidney and lung. For both strains, IL 1 increased specific factor B mRNA in all tissues examined except for the H-2u strain liver factor B mRNA content, which was not affected by IL 1, whereas that of H-2k mice was increased. The lack of factor B modulation by IL 1 in the H-2u lines was specific to that gene and not a reflection of a generalized IL 1 unresponsiveness. Differences in tissue and strain specific constitutive and IL 1-regulated expression of the C3 gene were also observed in the H-2u and H-2k strains. PMID- 3492537 TI - Cell-associated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as a killing mechanism of activated cytotoxic macrophages. AB - Different macrophage populations were investigated for their abilities to secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and to lyse TNF-susceptible tumor cells. In this way we could demonstrate that TNF-secretion, although a feature of all activated macrophage populations, is no absolute requirement for the killing of the TNF sensitive Wehi 164 target. Macrophage cytotoxicity against this cell but not against the TNF-resistant P815 mastocytoma, was completely inhibitable by a specific anti-TNF serum also in the absence of measurable secreted TNF. Moreover the TNF-dependent lysis of tumor cells could also be performed by activated macrophages that had been fixed with paraformaldehyde before the addition of the target cells. In the indirect radioimmunoassay, TNF could be demonstrated on the surface of fixed effector cells. Our results must be interpreted in terms of membrane-associated TNF as the lytic principle for TNF-susceptible tumor cells. PMID- 3492538 TI - Anti-receptor anti-MHC cytotoxic T lymphocytes: their role in the resistance to graft vs host reaction. AB - Specific resistance to local graft vs host reaction (GvHR) observed in F1 hybrids pretreated s.c., i.p., or i.v. with parent strain spleen cells has been explained as being due to cytotoxic cells induced in these pretreated F1 hybrids and directed against cells bearing receptors that recognize the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens of the opposite parent strain (anti receptor anti-MHC cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CTL). These anti-receptor anti-MHC CTL, however, have never been detected directly in popliteal lymph nodes (PLN), which develop a specific resistance to GvHR. In this paper, we describe the detection of anti-receptor anti-D2 cytotoxic activity in both right and left PLN of B6D2F1 hybrids injected s.c. in the right footpad only with B6 spleen cells. This cytotoxic activity appears 4 days after the injection of B6 cells and diminishes by day 7. It is mediated by a Thy-1+, L3T4-, Lyt-2+ cell of B6D2F1 origin and induced by the injection of either Thy-1+L3T4+Lyt-2- or Thy-1+L3T4-Lyt 2+ B6 spleen cells. The anti-receptor anti-D2 CTL activity is not observed in PLN of B6D2F1 hybrids pretreated i.p. or i.v. with B6 spleen cells. Our results demonstrate that anti-receptor anti-MHC CTL can fully explain the specific resistance to GvHR induced by the s.c. pretreatment of F1 hybrids with parent strain spleen cells. Their role, however, in the resistance to GvHR observed in F1 hybrids i.v. or i.p. pretreated is far from being entirely proven. PMID- 3492539 TI - Antigen-presenting T cells. I. Class I alloantigen (bm1)-bearing T lymphoblasts efficiently stimulate a primary clonal response of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors of B6 origin. AB - The cytotoxic response of splenic Lyt-2+ T cells to class I H-2 alloantigen bearing stimulator cells was analyzed under limiting dilution conditions. One of 50 to one of 200 nylon wool-nonadherent (FACS-purified), small Lyt-2+ spleen cells of B6 origin gave rise in vitro to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone that specifically lysed targets bearing bm1 alloantigen. This population of alloantigen-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CLP) was activated by different types of bm1 stimulator cells with different efficiency: 2 X 10(5) nonfractionated spleen cells, 5000 normal peritoneal cells, 400 to 10(4) L3T4+ helper T blasts, or 2000 to 10(4) Lyt-2+ T blasts induced clonal growth of this CLP pool. Irradiated or mitomycin-treated small (L3T4+ or Lyt-2+) bm1-derived T cells were inefficient stimulator cells for this response. Supplementation of culture medium with (recombinant) interleukin 2 was necessary and sufficient to support clonal development of alloantigen-triggered CLP in the presence of allogeneic T blasts. Under these limiting dilution conditions, we observed comparable cloning efficiencies for (wild-type) Kb-allospecific splenic Lyt-2+ CLP from bm1 mice generated in response to either irradiated B6 spleen cells or inactivated B6-derived T cell lines (EL4 and RBL-5 lymphoma cells). The data indicate that normal T lymphoblasts as well as tumor T cell lines stimulate clonal development in vitro of class I H-2-allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2. PMID- 3492540 TI - Effects of antigens and lymphokines on early activation of single hapten-specific B lymphocytes. AB - An assay was developed to monitor early activation of single fluorescein-specific B cells obtained from the spleens of nonimmunized adult mice by prefractionation on hapten gelatin. Early activation was assessed as a significant increase in the diameter of individual B cells after 24 hr in vitro. Significant enlargement of the single B cells was induced within 24 hr by either T-independent antigens acting alone or a crude source of B cell growth and differentiation factors (EL BGDF-pik) acting alone. In contrast, T-dependent antigens acting alone were ineffective. When selected T-independent antigens and EL-BGDF-pik acted together, a greater number of B cells were induced to enlarge. B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF 1) behaved in a similar manner as EL-BGDF-pik, inducing early B cell enlargement both in the absence and more so in the presence of antigen. Both EL BGDF-pik and BSF 1 enhanced the survival of single hapten-specific B cells during the 24-hr period. Interleukin 1 was unable to cause B cell enlargement when acting alone, although it was able to augment B cell enlargement induced by antigen. Interleukin 2 did not induce cell enlargement in either the presence or absence of antigen. Activation was demonstrated among cells of all sizes, regardless of the stimulus, although a greater response was demonstrated amongst the larger cell population. The addition of 3T3 filler cells enhanced early B cell activation and cell survival during the 24-hr period. The 24-hr B cell enlargement assay as applied to isolated single cells provides an unequivocal approach to the analysis of early B cell activation, adding a further parameter for the dissection of the precise roles of antigen and the various factors in the B cell differentiation pathway. PMID- 3492542 TI - The cyclosporins inhibit lymphocyte activation at more than one site. AB - Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive agent, acts primarily by inhibiting T cell function. Although several potential sites of action have been identified, the mechanisms whereby CsA mediates its immunosuppressive properties have not been fully delineated. We have examined the effects of the immunosuppressive cyclosporins, CsA, dihydrocyclosporin D, and cyclosporin G, and a nonimmunosuppressive analog, cyclosporin H, on early events associated with activation of human T cells. Interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor expression, as measured by immunofluorescence, was unaffected by CsA. Despite this, in the continuous presence of CsA, exogenous IL 2 did not bypass CsA inhibition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation. Thus, one site of activity of CsA is on IL 2-induced proliferation of IL 2 receptor-expressing cells. In addition, several potential mechanisms for inhibiting IL 2 secretion were identified. Changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), an obligatory event for PHA-induced IL 2 secretion, were inhibited by a 30-min preincubation with the immunosuppressive cyclosporins but not the inactive analog. In this action, the drug effects cannot be distinguished from that of Ca2+ channel blockers. The active compounds also resulted in membrane depolarization, an effect which may, in part, explain the reduction in PHA-induced changes in [Ca2+]i. These results identify multiple sites of action of the immunosuppressive cyclosporins, the combination of which likely accounts for their selective inhibition of T cell function in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3492541 TI - A stromal cell line from myeloid long-term bone marrow cultures can support myelopoiesis and B lymphopoiesis. AB - The production of B lymphocytes and myeloid cells occurs in the bone marrow in association with a supporting population of stromal cells. To determine whether these processes are dependent upon the same or different populations of stromal cells, stromal cell lines were generated from the adherent layer of a Dexter type long-term bone marrow culture. These cultures support myeloid cells and their precursors, a B cell precursor, and the adherent layer cells with support B cell differentiation under appropriate conditions. Two of the lines examined, S10 and S17, express class I histocompatibility antigens but not other hemopoietic cell surface determinants such as Thy-1, Lyt-1, Ig, Ia, Mac-1, or BP-1. Both lines could support myelopoiesis under Dexter conditions upon seeding with nylon wool passed bone marrow. The nylon wool passage depletes stromal cells capable of forming adherent layers in vitro but retains hemopoietic precursors. The number of cells and colony-forming units-granulocytes/macrophages in the nonadherent cell population recovered 3 wk post-seeding had increased 19-fold and 10-fold, respectively, in the reseeded cultures of S10 and S17. After 3 wk of growth in Dexter conditions, the reseeded cultures were transferred to conditions optimal for B cell differentiation described by Whitlock and Witte. After 4 wk of growth, hemopoietic cells were consistently recovered from S17 cultures but not those of S10. A proportion of these cells from S17 cultures expressed the 14.8 antigen and were surface IgM positive. Surviving hemopoietic cells present in cultures of S10 were primarily macrophages. These findings indicate that S17 but not S10 can support both myelopoiesis and B lymphopoiesis and suggest that one stromal cell population has the capacity to form a hemopoietic microenvironment for both lineages. PMID- 3492543 TI - A quantitative analysis of antigen-triggered lymphokine production by activated T cells. AB - We have developed a theoretical model to describe the triggering of lymphokine release from antigen-specific, activated T (T') cells, and we have used this model to define parameters that regulate this interaction. Under assay conditions of T' cell excess, the efficiency of triggering is a function of the target cell type. When various H-2k-bearing target cells were used to trigger B10.AQR T' cells activated against B10.A cells (anti-Kk), a hierarchy of triggering efficiency was observed with B10.A Con A blasts greater than R1.1 tumor cells greater than B10.A spleen cells greater than B10.A lymph node cells. There was a 10-fold difference in triggering efficiency between Con A blasts and lymph node cells. A similar pattern of reactivity was observed for various H-2d-bearing target cells used to trigger CBA T' cells specific for BALB/c antigens (anti-H 2d). Under assay conditions of T' cell excess, the order of reaction, i.e., the number of target cells per T' cell required to trigger lymphokine release, remained constant for the different target cell types. However, the order of reaction can vary with conditions of T cell activation. CBA T' cells activated against BALB/c spleen cells exhibited pseudo-first-order reactivity when triggered for lymphokine release with P815 target cells, whereas CBA T' cells activated against UV-irradiated P815 cells exhibited pseudo-second-order reactivity when triggered by the same tumor cells. Thus, T cells with the same apparent specificity can be qualitatively different in their reactivity with antigen. Under assay conditions of target cell excess, our analysis indicated that no T-T interaction was involved in the triggering reaction. Finally, our analysis was applied to study the nature of cross-reactivity. The results indicated that the triggering of lymphokine elicited by a cross-reactive antigen was due to the reactivity of a discrete subset of T' cells. PMID- 3492544 TI - Modulation of FcR function by complement: subcomponent C1q enhances the phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized targets by human monocytes and culture-derived macrophages. AB - We have investigated the interaction of C1q, a subunit of the first component of complement, with human monocytes and culture-derived macrophages. Adherence of these mononuclear phagocytes to surfaces coated with C1q induced a marked enhancement of the phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes opsonized with IgG anti Forssman antibody (EA-IgG). This C1q-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis was dose dependent, and was specifically blocked by pretreatment of the C1q-coated surfaces with F(ab')2 anti-C1q. The augmentation of FcR-mediated phagocytosis by C1q was determined to be a result of the interaction between the C1q and the phagocytic effector cell, and was not due to interaction between the surface bound C1q and the EA-IgG. Neither resting nor N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes were induced by C1q to increase FcR-mediated phagocytosis. Experiments conducted with purified fragments of C1q suggest that the C1q phagocytosis enhancement signal resides in the collagen-like tail domain of the molecule. This region is the same portion of the molecule previously shown to interact with the cell surface C1q receptor. Native type I collagen was unable to enhance FcR-mediated phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes. It has been demonstrated that C1q can be localized to areas of inflammation, and additionally C1q can be secreted by macrophages in culture. In view of these findings and the results of our present study, we hypothesize that C1q could provide local, direct, and non-opsonic enhancement of phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes in areas of infection and inflammation. PMID- 3492545 TI - Clq enhancement of IgG-dependent eosinophil-mediated killing of schistosomula in vitro. AB - Antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity plays a role in host protection against metazoan parasite invasion. We examined a possible role for Clq in eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity by using a Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula killing system in vitro. The addition of monomeric purified human Clq enhanced IgG-dependent human eosinophil-mediated killing from 1.4-fold to 2.3 fold (mean percent killing 12% +/- 4 vs 21% +/- 4, p less than 0.005) when the immune IgG concentration was low. In contrast, there was no significant enhancement of neutrophil-mediated killing. When the IgG concentration was increased fourfold Clq did not cause enhancement of eosinophil-mediated killing (35% +/- 9 vs 37% +/- 5). Preincubation of eosinophils with type 1 collagen abrogated Clq enhancement of killing, raising the possibility of a receptor mediated process, which depends upon cellular binding of Clq via the collagenous portion of the molecule. Eosinophils and neutrophils were examined for the presence of Clq receptors by using 125I labeled Clq. Clq binding to both cell types was saturable, reversible, and specific, indicating that binding is through specific receptors. Type 1 collagen inhibited binding of Clq to cells, suggesting that Clq binding is via the collagenous stalk of Clq. The number of receptors was approximately twice as high for eosinophils as compared with neutrophils (1.9 X 10(7) vs 1.1 X 10(7), p less than 0.025). Affinity constants for the two cell types were similar (1.5 X 10(7) vs 1.3 X 10(7). These findings suggest that Clq and receptors for Clq on eosinophils may be important for eosinophil-mediated schistosomula killing. PMID- 3492546 TI - Idiotype vaccination against murine B cell lymphoma. Inhibition of tumor immunity by free idiotype protein. AB - A murine B cell lymphoma (38C13) was used as a model to study the induction of idiotype (Id)-specific tumor immunity. Immunization of syngeneic mice with Id protein derived from the tumor resulted in the production of anti-Id antibodies by the host and in the induction of a state of resistance to tumor growth. Tumor immunity could be established only if the Id protein was conjugated to a strongly immunogenic carrier protein such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin or thyroglobulin, and if the conjugate was administered at least 1 week prior to tumor challenge. Free Id protein, such as that present in tumor bearing animals, was found to inhibit tumor immunity in a dose-dependent manner. Although tumor immunity could be induced in animals with pre-existent serum Id protein, the expression of the immune state was inhibited by the presence of the soluble protein. PMID- 3492547 TI - Expression and role of the T cell receptor in early thymocyte differentiation in vitro. AB - Fetal thymus organ culture was used to study the expression and function of antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted receptors on thymocytes. Receptor gene rearrangement and expression occurred de novo in organ culture indicating that these events are induced in the thymus itself, presumably in response to thymus-derived stimuli. During organ culture a population of immature thymocytes expressing low levels of receptors developed first, and then diminished as mature thymocytes with high levels of receptor expression appeared. Continuous culture with antireceptor antibody modulated receptor from the surfaces of immature thymocytes, but did not prevent their appearance or accumulation. By contrast, appearance of receptor-bearing mature thymocytes was prevented in the presence of antireceptor antibody. These results indicate that the receptor is not essential for the generation of immature thymocytes but is involved in the selection or maintenance of mature cells from this pool. PMID- 3492548 TI - Antigen recognition by a human T cell clone leads to increases in inositol trisphosphate. PMID- 3492549 TI - Antigen presentation by liver sinusoidal lining cells after antigen exposure in vivo. AB - The ability of liver sinusoidal lining cells (LSLC), a mixture of Kupffer cells and endothelial cells, to function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) was examined. Guinea pig LSLC were found to present antigen in vitro, albeit somewhat less effectively than a reference population of peritoneal exudate macrophages. The difference in APC function could not be explained by a deficiency of interleukin 1 (IL 1), as LSLC secreted IL 1 and expressed membrane-bound thymocyte stimulatory activity. The ability of LSLC to take up antigen from the portal blood in vivo and present it to primed T lymphocytes in vitro was also investigated. Trinitrophenyl-ovalbumin was injected intraportally into either strain 13 or strain 2 guinea pigs. The LSLC were subsequently isolated by collagenase digestion and density separation and assessed for the ability to induce proliferation of antigen-primed accessory cell-depleted syngeneic peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes in vitro. The in vivo antigen-pulsed LSLC were found to present antigen in vitro to primed T cells in an antigen-specific and genetically restricted manner. T cell DNA synthesis induced by antigen-bearing LSLC could be augmented by coculture with additional accessory cells, but not IL 1-containing macrophage supernatants. Enhancement of responsiveness was not genetically restricted. The demonstration that LSLC can take up, process, and retain antigen in vivo and present it to primed T cells in vitro suggests that LSLC are capable of contributing to the immune response to antigens appearing in portal blood. PMID- 3492550 TI - Rheumatoid factors from patients with rheumatoid arthritis possess private repertoires of idiotypes. AB - Considerable interest has focused on idiotypic cross-reactivity among antibody molecules. Cross-reactive idiotypes (Id) on monoclonal and polyclonal rheumatoid factors (RF) have been found frequently. Sufficient attention has not been directed, however, to the proportion of RF exhibiting the cross-reactivity, leaving the impression of extensive RF cross-reactivity when, in fact, this might represent a small minority of total RF molecules in a given individual. We have examined the polyclonal RF from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for cross reactive Id in three different assays and with different Id-anti-Id systems. First, a sensitive liquid-phase radioimmunoassay was used in which panels of sera were tested for inhibition of different, idiotypically unrelated, Id-anti-Id interactions. When compared with normal sera, some of the sera from patients with RA caused minimal inhibition of Id-anti-Id interactions. None, however, caused marked inhibition of any Id-anti-Id system. Secondly, the panels of sera were also tested in a direct binding ELISA to detect partially cross-reactive Id that may not have been identified in the inhibition radioimmunoassay without differing results. Finally, results similar to the autologous Id-anti-Id inhibition assay were also found when the panels of RA sera were tested in two nonautologous Id anti-Id systems, in which the anti-Id reacted with other than their own Id. These studies indicate that although cross-reactivity with some RF of an individual's total RF population may be seen frequently, an individual's repertoire of RF is itself private, quite diverse, and unique to that individual. PMID- 3492551 TI - Studies on the molecular nature of human interleukin 1. AB - Adherent human blood monocytes were stimulated with heat-killed Staphylococcus albus or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the presence of 35S-methionine-, [3H]leucine-, or 14C-labeled amino acids. After incubation, interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity in the supernatant medium was purified over an anti-human IL 1 immunoadsorbent followed by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. The purity of the IL 1 was assessed by fluorography of one- and two-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric and chromatofocusing of low m.w. proteins (less than 20,000 m.w.) revealed three charged 18,000 m.w. species of IL 1 with approximate pI's of 7, 6, and 5, with the most abundant form at pI 7. During the purification procedures, lymphocyte co-mitogenic activity, fever in rabbits, and prostaglandin E2 release from dermal fibroblasts co-eluted in the same fractions. In addition, these fractions were active when injected into endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice for the production of fever, the induction of serum amyloid A protein, a decrease in serum iron concentration, and an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils. Fluorography revealed homogeneous bands with an m.w. of about 18,000 which correlated with these biological activities. The specific activity of the pI 6 or 5 IL 1, as judged by the ratio of T cell co mitogenic activity to incorporated radiolabeled amino acid, was at least 10-fold greater than that observed for the pI 7 form. This result suggests that the amino acid compositions of the two 18,000 m.w. acidic forms are unrelated to the pI 7 species. These results also demonstrate that the pI 7 human monocyte IL 1 is the predominant 18,000 m.w. form synthesized and, furthermore, that homogeneous pI 7 IL 1 exhibits multiple biological properties on various tissues by modulating immunologic, inflammatory, metabolic, and neurologic functions. Data are also presented for the existence of a high m.w. (32,000) human pro-IL 1 molecule as the predominant monocytic intracellular form. This pro-IL 1 is degraded artifactually during isolation to lower m.w. forms in the presence of an extracellular serine protease activity. These data are consistent with a model for IL 1 secretion in which pro-IL 1 is first synthesized within the cell and is processed during or after extracellular transport. PMID- 3492552 TI - UV-irradiated epidermal cells produce a specific inhibitor of interleukin 1 activity. AB - UV irradiation of epidermal cells (EC) in vitro and in vivo leads to an enhanced synthesis of the immunostimulating cytokine interleukin 1 (IL 1). However, UV exposure in vivo also results in local as well as systemic immunosuppression. Therefore, it was tested whether UV-exposed murine EC in culture in addition to IL 1 release an inhibitor of IL 1 activity. Supernatants of UV-irradiated BALB/c EC and of a transformed keratinocyte cell line (Pam 212) were evaluated for their ability to suppress IL 1-mediated thymocyte proliferation. Crude supernatants derived from either UV-exposed or unirradiated EC did not interfere with IL 1 activity. When supernatants were subjected to HPLC gel filtration, fractions eluting at approximately 40 kD significantly blocked the activity of EC-derived IL 1 and murine recombinant IL 1. The release of this inhibitory cytokine (EC derived contra-IL 1 [EC-contra-IL 1]) was confined to UV-exposed BALB/c or Pam 212 keratinocytes, since no inhibitory activity was detected in supernatants of unirradiated cells. EC-contra-IL 1 also blocked IL 1-induced fibroblast proliferation but did not suppress IL 2 or IL 3 activity. Moreover, EC-contra-IL 1 did not inhibit spontaneous proliferation of a variety of cell lines (Pam 212, P388D1, L 929, EL 4). With the use of chromatofocusing EC-contra-IL 1 exhibited a pI of 8.8, and upon reversed-phase chromatography it eluted within three distinct peaks. Therefore, murine UV-exposed EC, in addition to the production of immunoenhancing cytokines, also may release immunosuppressing mediators and thereby participate in UV-induced immunosuppression. These findings further support the notion that the epidermis may not only be considered as a simple barrier against harmful agents but represents an active element of the immune system. PMID- 3492553 TI - Synergistic interactions between interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin in bone resorption. AB - Cytokines with bone-resorbing activity include IL 1 beta (pI 7), IL 1 alpha (pI 5), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and lymphotoxin (LT). Possible interaction between IL 1 beta, the major mediator with osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) activity, and other cytokines was studied. By itself, IL 1 beta was 13-fold more potent than IL 1 alpha and 1000-fold more potent than either TNF or LT in stimulating bone resorption. Suboptimal concentrations of IL 1 beta or IL 1 alpha in combination with suboptimal concentrations of TNF or LT resulted in synergistic bone-resorptive responses (1.5 to 10 times the expected responses if their effects were additive). Synergy between either form of IL 1 and TNF or LT resulted in a twofold increase in activity of IL 1, and a 100-fold increase in activity of TNF or LT. However, even with optimal synergy, IL 1 beta remained 20 fold more potent in inducing bone resorption than TNF or LT. Because IL 1 beta is considerably more potent than TNF and LT in stimulating bone resorption either alone or under synergistic conditions, it is unlikely that TNF and LT are responsible for more than a minor proportion of the total bone-resorbing activity formerly referred to as OAF. PMID- 3492555 TI - Characterization and expression of the human alpha beta T cell receptor by using a framework monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with framework reactivity against the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta complex is characterized. The mAb, beta Framework 1 (beta F1) is capable of immunoprecipitating the TCR alpha beta complex from 125I-labeled human T cell tumors, immunocompetent T cell clones, and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). beta F1 recognizes the separated TCR beta subunit in Western blotting. Because it does not bind to the surface of viable T cells but does react with the plasma membrane form of the TCR after treatment with membrane solubilizing agents, the beta F1 mAb reacts with a "hidden" determinant on the TCR beta subunit. After solubilization with 70% ethanol, the TCR alpha beta complex is shown to exist on greater than 92% of T3+ human PBL, whereas 2 to 8% of T3+ PBL do not react with the mAb. The beta F1 mAb demonstrates the existence of differently glycosylated surface 125I-labeled TCR alpha-chains (alpha, alpha', alpha") in association with a common TCR beta-chain on the HPB-MLT T cell leukemia. Reactivity of the beta F1 mAb on thymus tissue sections is similar to that of anti-Leu-4 (anti-T3). The beta F1 mAb should prove useful as a research tool for both the immunochemical characterization and isolation of virtually any alpha beta T cell receptor, whether from individual T cell clones or polyclonal populations of T lymphocytes. Recognition of T cell receptors in histologic tissue sections suggests that the beta F1 mAb may be useful in the clinical diagnosis of T cell lineage neoplasms. In failing to recognize all T3+ lymphocytes, it allows the identification of novel populations of T3+ lymphocytes that may express non-alpha, non-beta T cell receptors. PMID- 3492554 TI - Carrier-specific suppression of antibody responses by antigen-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factors. AB - We previously established an ovalbumin (OA)-specific T cell clone from spleen cells of BDF1 mice, which had been treated by i.v. injections of OA, and constructed antigen-specific T cell hybridomas from the T cell clone. One of the hybridomas constitutively released glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) which lacked affinity for OA, and was called non-specific GIF. Incubation of the same hybridoma cells with OA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages or OA-pulsed B lymphoblastoid cells of BALB/c origin resulted in the formation of GIF molecules that had affinity for OA but not for bovine serum albumin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Both the OA-specific GIF and nonspecific GIF bound to monoclonal anti lipocortin and possessed I-Jb determinants. The OA-specific GIF consisted of two species of molecules, of m.w. 80,000 and 30,000 to 40,000, respectively, whereas the nonspecific GIF from unstimulated cells had an m.w. of 15,000. Intravenous injections of OA-specific GIF or nonspecific GIF into BDF1 mice suppressed both the IgE and IgG1 anti-hapten antibody responses of the animals to dinitrophenyl derivatives of OA (DNP-OA), but OA-specific GIF was much more effective than nonspecific GIF in suppressing the antibody responses. When the same preparations of GIF were injected into DNP-KHL-primed mice, OA-specific GIF and nonspecific GIF were comparable in suppressing the anti-DNP antibody response. In contrast to the 40,000 m.w. species of OA-specific GIF, the 80,000 m.w. OA-specific GIF had carrier-specific suppressive effects. The similarities of antigen-specific GIF to antigen-specific TsF suggest that the phospholipase-inhibiting activity of the molecules may be involved in the immunosuppressive effects of some antigen specific TsF. PMID- 3492556 TI - Identification and characterization of two novel lymphocyte function-associated antigens, L24 and L25. AB - We describe the function and cell distribution of two novel cell surface antigens, L24 and L25. These antigens are broadly distributed on human lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies specific for these molecules block lysis by Class I- and II-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but do not affect any other T cell functions tested. Anti-L24 antibody immunoprecipitates a molecule composed of two disulfide-linked monomers of 140 kd each. Anti-L25 antibody immunoprecipitates three proteins of 150, 85, and 75 kd. The study of these and other function associated molecules may provide insight into mechanisms of cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition and/or function. PMID- 3492557 TI - Human blood platelets possess specific binding sites for C1q. AB - Although platelet interactions with C1q are implied by the inhibitory effect of C1q on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, specific receptors have not as yet been identified. To address the question of platelet receptors for free C1q, direct radioligand binding studies were performed by using human blood platelets and purified, 125I-labeled C1q, and a monoclonal antibody (II1/D1) (IgM, lambda) directed against C1q receptors on peripheral blood leukocytes. Washed platelets bound both purified 125I-labeled C1q and II1/D1 in a specific and saturable manner under physiologic ionic strength conditions. At equilibrium, approximately 4000 molecules of C1q bound per platelet with an apparent dissociation constant of 3.5 X 10(-7) M. Maximum C1q binding was achieved in 5 min and correlated well with inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Equilibrium binding of 125I-labeled II1/D1 to washed platelets required an incubation period of 15 to 30 min and II1/D1 concentrations approaching 50 micrograms/ml. Approximately 2000 molecules of II1/D1 bound per platelet, with an apparent dissociation constant of 2.8 X 10(-8) M. II1/D1 binding could be inhibited by the collagenous tail of C1q (c-C1q), suggesting that platelet receptors for these ligands are either the same or in close proximity. The data demonstrate that human blood platelets possess specific and saturable binding sites for free C1q that may function as collagen receptors, and may antigenically resemble C1q receptors on peripheral blood leukocytes. PMID- 3492558 TI - Mechanism of defective NK cell activity in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. PMID- 3492559 TI - High resolution electrophoresis for the allotyping of human C4. Proposal of a relational nomenclature. AB - Among the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked complement genes, the loci for C4A and C4B exhibit the most extensive structural polymorphisms. Therefore the differentiation of variant and complex C4 phenotypes often proves difficult in conventional immunofixation electrophoresis. To improve the available technique of C4 typing a closed horizontal electrophoresis system was combined with poly- and monoclonal alkaline phosphatase immunoprobing on contact diffusion blots. The high resolution and sensitivity of this method not only facilitated C4 allotyping but also revealed additional polymorphic variation. Relative electrophoretic mobilities specific for each C4 allotype were established by computerized remission densitometry and provided the basis for a quantitative denomination of C4 variants. Typing by high resolution electrophoresis and the proposed relational C4 nomenclature could be valuable for further immunogenetical studies of the C4 protein polymorphism. PMID- 3492560 TI - Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate binding by flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometric methods for the evaluation of the cell surface binding properties of monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-drug/toxin conjugates defining tumor-associated antigens are presented. In these techniques, suspension cultures of solid human tumor cell lines are incubated with either varying dilutions of MoAb or MoAb-drug conjugates followed by FITC-conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies in an indirect assay or with FITC-conjugated MoAbs specific for the tumor target cell line in a competition assay. The amount of fluorescent probe bound is measured by flow cytometry and the mean fluorescence intensity determined. The relative binding capacity is quantified by linear regression of the mean fluorescence versus the concentration of primary antibody or antibody conjugate. The application of these techniques to several drug and toxin conjugates of MoAb KS1/4, which defines a human adenocarcinoma-associated antigen, demonstrates that these assays can be effectively utilized to monitor the effects of covalent chemical modification on a MoAb's antigen binding reactivity. PMID- 3492561 TI - A method to assess the proliferative activity of small numbers of murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - An economical, reproducible method was developed to assess the mitogenic response of small numbers of murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, 10(3)/ml) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in the presence of feeder layer cells (FLC) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). A linear cell dose-mitogenic response relationship was then demonstrated between the activity of PBMC and spleen cells of individual mice (slope = 1.054 +/- 0.037; r = 0.989 +/- 0.003). This would suggest that mice can be used for longitudinal studies because small blood volumes can be obtained frequently over a period of time from individual mice and the PBMC can be assessed for their T cell proliferative activity. PMID- 3492562 TI - Determination of the T3-3A1 antigen in PHA-induced human T-cells by standardized cell-ELISA. AB - The treatment of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) with lectins induces marked changes in the cell's morphology, physiology and the composition of the cell surface. We used an immunoassay to monitor the PHA-induced expression of the T-lymphocyte specific antigen T3-3A1 in fixed MNL with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific for this antigen. This assay permits the detection and quantitation of the T3-3A1 antigen in a few thousand cells without the use of a FACS. The test was calibrated with isolated plasma membranes and, combined with a total protein determination, the relative content of T3-3A1 antigen in each sample could be calculated. Maximal T3-3A1 synthesis required a 10-fold lower concentration of PHA than was necessary for optimal DNA synthesis. The test may be used to screen for PHA stimulation. PMID- 3492563 TI - Production of IgG-producing hybridomas by in vitro stimulation of murine spleen cells. AB - An in vitro stimulation protocol has been established which allows production of IgG-secreting murine hybridomas. This procedure has been examined using jack bean urease and human luteinizing hormone as antigens. Parameters which have been optimized include selection of media and serum supplements, thymocyte-conditioned media, antigen dosage, length of stimulation and the effect of medium changes during stimulation and additions of polyclonal mitogen. Murine spleen cells (1 X 10(8) in 10 ml) were incubated with varying doses of jack bean urease and human luteinizing hormone in a six-well plate in supplemented DMEM with 5% normal rabbit serum and 10% thymocyte-conditioned media. Following 5 and/or 8 days stimulation, the spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 cells and plated in 96-well plates. Stable hybridomas were obtained for both antigens from over 25% of the wells identified in initial screening for specific antibody production. All monoclonal antibodies obtained in the LH stimulation experiments, with one exception, were of the IgM isotype. A large number of IgG-producing hybridomas were isolated following prolonged (8 day) stimulation with high concentrations of urease, during which time the medium remained unchanged. Addition of polyclonal mitogen (E. coli lipopolysaccharide) at 10 micrograms/ml markedly increased the production of hybridomas secreting anti-urease, but most were of IgM class. PMID- 3492564 TI - Protective effect(s) of rIL-2 modulation. I. The effects of chemotherapeutic/cytotoxic agents on human natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells. AB - This study investigated whether in vitro immunotherapy with rIL-2 which augments human natural cytotoxicity and generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells diminished or inhibits the severity of therapeutically induced human in vitro NK immunosuppression. We demonstrate that rIL-2 induces a rapid and potent enhancement of cytolytic killing and that pretreatment of effector cells for one hour with rIL-2 yields effector cells which are more resistant to drug-induced immunosuppression. Additionally, we demonstrate cells pretreated for 24 hours with rIL-2 were less sensitive to drug inhibitory effects than rIL-2 non-treated or one hour pretreated effector cells. Our data suggest prophylactic treatment with IL-2 for drug induced immunosuppression is feasible. PMID- 3492565 TI - Accumulation of immature B and null lymphocytes in the periphery after intraperitoneal administration of traditional Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to). AB - Accumulation of lymphocytes after an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a traditional Chinese herb medicine, XIAO-CHAI-HU-TANG (Japanese name: shosaiko to), was investigated. Shosaiko-to induced marked accumulation of lymphocytes rather than macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of ICR mice, whereas various kinds of irritants, e.g. proteose-pepton, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), OK-432 and Corynebacterium parvum, induced preferential accumulation of macrophages rather than lymphocytes. By means of analysis using two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), it was revealed that the increased lymphocyte subpopulations not only in the peritoneal cavity but also in the spleen of C3H/He mice by the injection of shosaiko-to were comprised of both immature B (IgM+ and IgD-) and null (thyl- and Ig-) cells. This effect of shosaiko-to was observed in other C5 normal strains, C3H/HeJ (LPS-nonresponder), C57BL/6, BALB/c and athymic nu/nu (ICR background) mice, but not in C5 deficient strains, AKR/J, A/J and DBA/2 mice, indicating that the accumulation of immature B and null cells in the periphery induced by shosaiko-to is closely related to the complement system. PMID- 3492566 TI - Specificity of acebutolol-induced antinuclear antibodies. AB - Treatment with the beta blocker acebutolol may trigger antinuclear antibody (ANA) production. We retrospectively studied 97 sera from 47 patients who developed ANA during acebutolol treatment. Anti-histone and anti-denatured (ss) DNA antibodies were found in 53% and 66% respectively of the sera tested. The activities of these two antibodies correlated well with the total ANA titer. Anti-native (ds) DNA were absent or present at low titer. This immunochemical pattern of acebutolol-induced ANA is similar to that reported for other drug-induced ANA. To date, the presence such isolated ANA is not known to expose patients to any particular risk other than exceptional and minor clinical manifestations of lupus which are rapidly reversible following therapy cessation. PMID- 3492567 TI - A model of human melanoma in cyclosporine-immunosuppressed rats. AB - A human malignant melanoma maintained in athymic nude mice has been successfully implanted and grown in cyclosporine (Cys)-immunosuppressed Lewis rats. Suspended melanoma cells (10(6)) or solid tumor sections measuring 2-4 mm in diameter were implanted s.c. in rats receiving parenteral Cys doses of 15-50 mg/kg each day for 1 week, and 3 times per week thereafter. Eighty-five percent of solid tumor sections implanted in animals receiving 25 mg/kg resulted in tumor growth, whereas no tumors grew from cell suspension injection sites. The average maximum tumor growth rate was 2 cm3/day, with a doubling time of 8 days. Tumors retained pretransplant gross and microscopic morphology, karyotype, and labeling index. Possible advantages of this model over the athymic nude mouse include greater longevity, larger animal and tumor size, and less stringent aseptic environmental requirements. This model may prove useful for further study of the pathophysiology of melanoma and for testing of new antimelanoma therapies. PMID- 3492568 TI - Cross-reactive tumor antigens in the skin of mice exposed to subcarcinogenic doses of ultraviolet radiation. AB - This study suggests that cross-reactive tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are induced in the epidermis of mice exposed to subcarcinogenic doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Foot-pad immunization of C3H mice with viable epidermal cells from syngeneic UVR-exposed mice induced cytotoxic cells in the draining lymph nodes (DLN). These cells were capable of lysing a battery of UVR-induced tumor targets in a short-term chromium release assay. In contrast, the DLN cells of mice immunized with epidermal cells from normal non-UVR-exposed mice did not mature into effector cells with antitumor activity. The spectrum of tumor recognition of cytotoxic cells induced by immunization with UVR-exposed epidermal cells was identical to that of cytotoxic T cells obtained from animals that were foot-pad immunized with UVR-induced tumor cells. Both cytotoxic cell populations were shown to lyse tumors of diverse origin, including syngeneic UVR- and methylcholanthrene-induced tumors, as well as allogeneic UVR-induced tumors. These cells displayed minimal lytic activity against YAC-1 lymphoma cells, peritoneal exudate cells, and concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. The results from this study demonstrate that antigens are expressed on UVR-exposed mouse epidermal cells prior to the emergence of skin tumors, and these antigens can induce cytotoxic cells with specificity for TAA. We conclude that the early antigenic changes observed in UVR-exposed epidermis and their effect on the host's immune system may influence the emergence and progression of UVR-induced skin cancers. PMID- 3492569 TI - Long-term cultivation of canine keratinocytes. AB - The growth characteristics and morphology of canine keratinocytes grown in vitro were studied. Keratinocytes from canine oral mucosa, ear skin, and ventral abdominal skin were grown in culture either as explants or as dispase/trypsin derived suspensions in the absence of a feeder cell layer. Cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor were essential to the successful long-term growth and propagation of the cells during multiple passages. Keratinocytes from all tissue sources, either as primary cultures or subcultivated for up to 10 passages, had growth characteristic and morphology similar to that reported in other species. The use of cultured canine keratinocytes should provide a suitable model for comparative in vitro studies of the pathogenesis of dermatologic diseases. PMID- 3492570 TI - Dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. AB - A model of experimental lapin meningitis was used to assess the effect of meningeal inflammation caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b on development of brain edema, increase in intracranial pressure, and production of brain lactate. Four treatments were assessed: dexamethasone alone, dexamethasone plus ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone alone, and no treatment. The brain water content in untreated rabbits with meningitis was 419 +/- 10 g of H2O/100g of dry weight after 29 hr of infection (vs. 405 +/- 14 in uninfected rabbits; P less than .05). In rabbits treated with dexamethasone, dexamethasone plus ceftriaxone, or ceftriaxone alone, these values were 404 +/- 12, 406 +/- 12, and 411 +/- 14 g, respectively (P greater than .05). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and lactate levels were significantly increased in all animals during the 24 hr of meningeal inflammation (P less than .005), and these levels were comparably reduced after 9 hr of treatment. Although the values for brain water content, CSF pressure, and lactate concentrations in infected animals treated with ceftriaxone plus dexamethasone were not significantly different from those in animals treated with ceftriaxone alone, the values were consistently lower in the former group. PMID- 3492571 TI - Lack of comparability between commonly used serological assays of immune response to Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. AB - Reliable measures of the serum level of antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are essential for evaluating current and future vaccines intended to protect against invasive disease. It was recently noted, however, that certain commonly used assays of antibody to PRP produced incompatible results. To investigate this observation, we analyzed banked sera from four PRP vaccine studies in parallel by several assays. Significant differences were noted, both in absolute titers and in the ratios of post- to prevaccination titers, between the various assays. These differences seemed to be due to the different antigen preparations used in the assays. Unless workers standardize on a single assay, protective levels of antibody to PRP will have to be defined separately for each assay. Serological results of Hib vaccine trials cannot be compared without considering the assay methods used. PMID- 3492572 TI - An agar culture technique to quantitate Trichomonas vaginalis from women. AB - In subjects with trichomoniasis the number of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharges or secretions is unknown. The presence of T. vaginalis was evaluated in 177 consecutive female patients attending an inner city sexually transmitted disease clinic by patient history, wet mount, and broth culture. T. vaginalis was quantitated by a novel agar culture technique. Of the 177 women, 86 (49%) were positive for T. vaginalis by either wet mount or culture. Clinical symptoms were not reliable for making an accurate diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Culture on modified Diamond's medium was more sensitive (98%) than the wet mount method (38%) in detecting T. vaginalis. Of the 86 patients who were positive for trichomoniasis, quantitation was obtained for 81 patients, with 70% yielding greater than 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. The number of T. vaginalis ranged from 40 to greater than 10(6) cfu/ml. The wet mount method was very insensitive for detecting T. vaginalis and was positive only in patients yielding greater than 10(5) cfu/ml. PMID- 3492573 TI - IgG response to human immunodeficiency virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees mimics the IgG response in humans. PMID- 3492574 TI - Relation of oral hairy leukoplakia to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and the risk of developing AIDS. AB - We investigated the relation of oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to the presence or development of AIDS. All 155 patients with HL seen in our clinic were immunosuppressed homosexual men. Of 101 serum samples obtained from patients in this group who did not have AIDS, 100 showed antibodies to HIV. HIV was recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 22 of 28 patients tested. Most serum samples examined by immunoblot assay reacted with the viral envelope and gag gene precursors gp160 and p55. Of the 155 patients, 12 had AIDS at the time of diagnosis, and the syndrome developed in an additional 43 patients in one to 31 months. Survival analysis showed that the probability of AIDS developing in patients with HL was 48% by 16 months and 83% by 31 months. We conclude that oral HL is highly predictive of the development of AIDS. PMID- 3492576 TI - [A technique for the enlargement of the small aortic annulus during valve replacement]. PMID- 3492575 TI - Production of interferon by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal individuals and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal individuals were studied to identify which cells produce alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) in response to a virus stimulus. It was found that cells both adherent and nonadherent to plastic formed IFN-alpha after induction by any one of several viruses studied. When nonadherent cells were separated on discontinuous Percoll gradients, only the cells in the less dense Percoll fractions produced IFN, whatever the virus used. By indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies to HLA-DR and to Leu 11b, the distribution of the HLA-DR+ cells was shown to resemble most closely that of the IFN-producing population. Elimination of these cells (by complement-mediated lysis with the same antibodies) abrogated the IFN response, but NK cells remained and thus do not produce IFN-alpha. In confirmation, elimination of the Leu 11b+ cells had no effect on the amount of IFN produced. PBMC preparations from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) appeared incapable of producing IFN-alpha but were shown to contain identifiable IFN-producing cells. The low or absent IFN levels in CLL are probably due to the relative scarcity of IFN producing cells in their PBMC. PMID- 3492577 TI - [Analysis of factors influencing early graft patency in coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3492578 TI - [Studies on the influence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on antitumor effector mechanisms in patients with cervical cancer]. AB - Changes in DNA synthesis, lymphocyte subsets and various killer activities in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after IL-2 incubation were studied to analyze the influence of IL-2 on the antitumor effector mechanisms in cervical cancer patients. The results were as follows. DNA synthesis was advanced. Decrease in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio and diminished decrease in Leu7 were observed. NK activity was significantly lower than that in the control. LAK activity was almost equal to that in the control. Both activities and the killer action on autologous tumor significantly rose after IL-2 incubation. After operation, NK activity tended to be reduced for one or two weeks, but returned to the normal range by the 4th week in almost all cases. LAK activity was nearly within the normal range. Both activities after IL-2 incubation were at the same levels as before operation. A tendency to a fall in NK and LAK activities was observed under radiation therapy. Both activities after IL-2 incubation were lower than those before radiation therapy. These results suggest that IL-2 may be applied as an adjuvant immunotherapy following surgical operation and, though more difficulties are anticipated, applied to radiation therapy of cervical cancer. PMID- 3492579 TI - [Adams-Stokes syndrome following cardiac tamponade in B-cell lymphoma involving the heart: a case report]. PMID- 3492580 TI - [Statistical survey of temporomandibular dysfunction]. PMID- 3492581 TI - Crosslinks between stereocilia in hair cells of the human and guinea pig vestibular labyrinth. AB - The saccules and ampullae of the semicircular canals from human and guinea pig temporal bones were fixed in glutaraldehyde without osmium. Crosslinks were seen between stereocilia of the vestibular hair cells, similar to those previously demonstrated in the guinea pig, although an additional set of crosslinks was displayed: first, horizontal crosslinks were seen between adjacent stereocilia, occupying most of the length of the hair bundle; secondly, a single upward pointing link ran from the apex of each shorter stereocilium into the shaft of the adjacent taller stereocilium; thirdly, an extensive array of horizontal links were demonstrated between stereocilia close to their insertion into the cuticular plate. We suggest that these basal crosslinks support the long vestibular stereocilia rendering them more rigid, and that the upwind pointing crosslinks are responsible for the initiation of sensory transduction. PMID- 3492582 TI - Jurisdiction, venue, and choice of law in medical malpractice litigation. PMID- 3492584 TI - Hospital mergers, health planning, and the antitrust laws. A principled approach to implied repeal. PMID- 3492583 TI - Emerging notions of women's rights and responsibilities during gestation. PMID- 3492585 TI - The Feres doctrine and the Department of Defense Quality Assurance Plan. The road to high quality care in military medicine. PMID- 3492586 TI - Selective recognition of rat follicular dendritic cells (dendritic reticulum cells) by a new monoclonal antibody Ki-M4R in vitro and in vivo. AB - Using unstimulated rat peritoneal cells as immunogen a new monoclonal antibody Ki M4R was produced. Ki-M4R recognizes follicular dendritic cells (dendritic reticulum cells) in germinal centers of lymphoid follicles in lymphatic tissue. In addition, sinus lining cells, endothelia of postcapillary venules, as well as mesangial cells of the renal glomerula immunoreact with Ki-M4R in vitro as well as in vivo. This antibody might be useful for studying the interaction of follicular dendritic cells and B-cell immune response. PMID- 3492587 TI - The relative distribution of pulmocutaneous blood flow in Rana catesbeiana: effects of pulmonary or cutaneous hypoxia. AB - The distribution of pulmocutaneous heart output to lungs and skin was determined in non-anaesthetized, fully recovered bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) by application of the microsphere method in order to study the modulation of blood flow to different gas exchange sites in amphibians during environmental air and water hypoxia. The relative perfusion of various skin areas was found to be rather heterogeneously distributed with an over-proportionately high blood flow to the ventral body surface. This distribution of flow among different skin areas remained unaffected by any type of environmental hypoxia. The relative perfusion of lungs and skin, however, was significantly affected by the pattern of environmental oxygen partial pressure. The relative lung perfusion (approximately equal to 80% of pulmocutaneous flow in normoxic control conditions) was increased during water hypoxia, and reduced with lowered inspired PO2. This mechanism could be interpreted as a readjustment of blood flow towards the gas exchange site with higher oxygen partial pressure, but may also represent a mechanism to prevent oxygen loss from the body stores at gas exchange sites of low oxygen tension. PMID- 3492588 TI - Ventilation and partitioning of oxygen uptake in the frog Rana pipiens: effects of hypoxia and activity. AB - Pulmonary and cutaneous oxygen uptake (MO2) and lung ventilation were measured in frogs floating in water with access to air in respirometers, with and without ventilation of the skin provided by stirring. The frogs were exposed to hypoxia in both water and air, and were variably active. In inactive frogs floating in unstirred respirometers at 25 degrees C, 23% of total MO2 is through the skin. Activity of the animal increases total MO2. and also ventilates the skin, so that cutaneous MO2 increases with increasing total MO2. When the respirometer is stirred, cutaneous MO2 increases to 35% of total MO2 in resting animals. Activity no longer affects cutaneous MO2. Lung ventilation volume is directly proportional to lung ventilation rate in normoxia. Ventilation rate, and therefore ventilation volume, is proportional to pulmonary MO2. Ventilation rate approximately doubles in hypoxia (PO2 = 52 mmHg). The pattern of ventilation also changes in hypoxia, from a very irregular pattern in normoxia to one showing regular, large oscillations of lung volume over several ventilation movements. Increased lung ventilation, enhancing pulmonary MO2, is the primary adjustment to increased O2 demand. Partitioning of MO2 shifts towards the lung during both activity and hypoxia. In both cases, however, ventilation of the skin can supplement total MO2 by increasing absolute levels of cutaneous MO2. PMID- 3492589 TI - Infection of cultured murine brain cells by Semliki Forest virus: effects of interferon-alpha beta on viral replication, viral antigen display, major histocompatibility complex antigen display and lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Primary brain cell cultures prepared from newborn mice were infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV). The effects of interferon (IFN-alpha beta) treatment on SFV replication, SFV and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen expression, and susceptibility to lysis by SFV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were determined. The IFN-alpha beta treatment prevented replication of SFV as determined by incorporation of [3H]uridine into SFV RNA and very markedly reduced the expression of SFV antigens on the cell surface as determined by lysis with antibody and complement or indirect immunofluorescence. However, IFN-alpha beta increased expression of MHC class I antigens, measured by indirect immunofluorescence and as assessed indirectly by susceptibility to killing by alloreactive T cell lines. SFV infection had no effect on MHC class I expression in either IFN-alpha beta-treated or -untreated cells. The infected IFN-alpha beta untreated brain cells were susceptible to killing by the CTL at effector/target ratios in the range 3 to 30. The killing was MHC antigen-restricted, and uninfected cells were not killed. A target cell (YAC) highly susceptible to natural killer cell cytotoxicity was not killed by the CTL. IFN-alpha beta treatment prior to SFV infection resulted in an augmentation of lysis by the CTL, indicating that even where SFV antigen expression is reduced, in the context of enhanced MHC class I expression brain cells remain susceptible to CTL killing. PMID- 3492590 TI - Evaluation of the biological activity of several analogs of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - Several analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were synthesized and screened for their capacity to be oxidized by monoamine oxidase (MAO-A or MAO-B) and their capacity to produce nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. All of the compounds were relatively weak substrates for MAO-A but many of the compounds were found to be good substrates for MAO-B. Only three of the compounds, in addition to MPTP itself, were found to be neurotoxic. These were 1-methyl-4-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1-methyl-4-(2' methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-(3'-methoxyphenyl) 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. All three of these neurotoxic compounds were found to be substrates for MAO-B; in contrast no compound was found to be neurotoxic that was not oxidized by MAO-B. The capacity of the compounds studied to be oxidized by MAO-B appears to be an important aspect of the neurotoxic process. PMID- 3492591 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation produces variable changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, sensory perception and pain threshold: clinical implications for pain relief. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation decreased early and late somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes and stimulus intensity ratings, and elevated sensory detection threshold, in normal subjects. Effects on pain threshold depended on pre-treatment threshold. These findings are relevant to treatment of clinical pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. PMID- 3492592 TI - Responses of muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy to chronic electrical stimulation. AB - The effect of chronic low frequency stimulation on the tibialis anterior muscle of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was investigated. Baseline data from 16 boys established low values of maximum voluntary contraction which did not improve with age. Studies of the contractile properties revealed significant slowing (p less than 0.001) of mean relaxation time compared to that of normal children's muscles. There was no loss of force during fatigue testing, as in normal children, but in contrast to normal children, there was no potentiation at lower frequencies of stimulation. Intermittent chronic low frequency stimulation of muscles in six young ambulant children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy resulted in a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in mean maximum voluntary contraction compared with the mean forces exerted by the unstimulated control muscles of the contralateral leg. PMID- 3492594 TI - Cytologic transformation in cutaneous T cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic entity associated with poor prognosis. AB - The clinical course of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome) is generally indolent, but in occasional patients becomes fulminant. We found that biopsies from patients with accelerating disease can reveal cytologic transformation from previously observed small, convoluted lymphocytes to large cells that are similar to cells seen in large-cell lymphoma. The cerebriform nuclei characteristic of malignant T cells can only rarely be identified. Of 150 cutaneous T cell lymphoma patients we treated from 1976 to 1984, cytologic transformation was identified in 12 after review of peripheral blood smears and biopsies from skin, lymph nodes, and visceral sites. Patients who developed cytologic transformation were initially characterized by advanced stage (11 of 12), with lymph node effacement (seven of 11) and erythroderma (five of 12). The tumor cell DNA content after transformation was aneuploid (four of four), and the ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was retained in transformed cells (three of three). The median time from diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma to cytologic transformation was 21.5 months (range, 4 to 64), and the median survival from transformation was only 2 months (range, 0 to 19+). We conclude that cytologic transformation in cutaneous T cell lymphoma represents a distinct clinicopathologic entity, characterized by an aggressive clinical course. PMID- 3492593 TI - Epidermal growth factor in human cerebrospinal fluid: reduced levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a mitogenic peptide, is widely distributed within the brain and endocrine cells of the gastro-intestinal tract. Using EGF radioreceptor assay, the EGF level was measured in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid from five patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and seven patients with intervertebral disc disease as a control group. The patients with ALS showed reduced EGF levels to 662.4 +/- 207 pg/ml as compared with controls 1013 +/- 182.8 pg/ml (P less than 0.02). These results indicate a possible EGF involvement in the pathogenesis of ALS. PMID- 3492595 TI - SPECT thallium-201 scintigraphy for the detection of left-ventricular aneurysm. AB - We have noted that the presence of left ventricular anterior/apical aneurysm on contrast ventriculography or echocardiography correlates well with the finding of failure of convergence of the left ventricular walls toward the apex on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) thallium-201 images. To assess this observation, we analyzed the SPECT thallium scans of 74 sequential patients who had SPECT thallium scintigraphy and contrast ventriculography and/or echocardiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Immediate post-stress and 4-hr redistribution thallium-201 SPECT images, obtained following i.v. administration of 2 mCi of thallium-201, were reconstructed with no attenuation correction using three-dimensional linear and nonlinear filters and displayed in short, vertical-long, and horizontal-long axes. Of the 74 patients, contrast ventriculography and/or echocardiography showed anterior/apical aneurysms in 15 and a posterolateral aneurysm in one. SPECT thallium scans detected 14 of the 16 aneurysms, based on the criterion of failure of convergence of the ventricular walls toward the apex. There were two false-positives. Thus SPECT thallium-201 scintigraphy for the detection of left-ventricular aneurysm in this series had a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 97%, and an accuracy of 96%. PMID- 3492596 TI - Technetium-99m d,l-HM-PAO: a new radiopharmaceutical for SPECT imaging of regional cerebral blood perfusion. AB - Following investigation of a large number of new ligands based upon propylene amine oxime (PnAO) the d,l-diastereoisomer of hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HM PAO) was selected as the preferred ligand for 99mTc as a tracer for cerebral perfusion imaging. The neutral, lipophilic 99mTc complex of d,l-HM-PAO was formed in high yield by stannous reduction of 99Mo/99mTc generator eluate using a kit formulation of the ligand. Two minutes following i.v. administration of this complex in rats, 2.25% of the injected dose appears in the brain. Little washout of the tracer is observed up to 24 hr postinjection. By qualitative autoradiographic comparison with iodoantipyrine this new radiopharmaceutical displays blood flow dependent brain uptake with little redistribution of the tracer over time. The lipophilic 99mTc complex converts slowly in vitro to a secondary complex. This conversion process may account for the ability of [99mTc]d,l-HM-PAO to be retained within the brain without redistribution. PMID- 3492598 TI - Immunoglobulin G subclass determination in diagnosis and management of antibody deficiency syndromes. PMID- 3492597 TI - Genetic factors in Haemophilus influenzae type b disease susceptibility and antibody acquisition. AB - Because Alaskan Eskimos have the greatest known endemic risk of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease and represent a comparatively homogeneous population, we selected this population to evaluate the presence or absence of an association of 35 genetic markers (alleles or allotypes) at 12 chromosomal loci with susceptibility to both invasive Hib disease risk and level of Hib anticapsular antibody. We studied nearly all Alaskan Eskimo children who had had invasive Hib disease between 1971 and 1982 in southwestern Alaska (n = 103) and an equivalent number of controls matched for age, race, and village of residence, and verified not to have had proved or suspected Hib disease. We found no significant associations with Hib disease for the single alleles of HLA-A, -B, C, -DR, Gm, Km, Am, Kidd, MNSs, ABO, esterase D, or glutamate pyruvate transaminase loci. However, we observed a significant interaction of two loci, Gm(a;..;g,s,t) allotype and HLA-DR8 (P = 0.002), with increased Hib disease susceptibility, and an interaction of the same Gm allotype and HLA-DR5 with decreased disease susceptibility (P = 0.01). We also compared the level of anticapsular antibody to Hib with each genetic marker and two-locus interactions, but no genetic association with antibody level was found. We conclude that some genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility to invasive Hib disease in this population. PMID- 3492599 TI - An improved method of isolating Pneumocystis carinii from infected rat lungs. AB - A new method of isolating Pneumocystis carinii from infected lungs of cortisonized rats is described. Clumping of parasites and host lung material was diminished by suspension of macerated Pneumocystis-laden rat lung in a modified calcium, magnesium-free Hanks' balanced salts solution at physiologic pH and osmolality, containing the wetting agent G-acid. After washing, this material was suspended in a second buffer system for digestion. The digestion step was done in the same buffer but with the addition of calcium, magnesium, collagenase, hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease. These innovations allowed enumeration of trophozoites as well as cysts. Following digestion, the parasites were separated from particulate host lung debris by Percoll density gradients designed to pellet the debris, leaving parasites in the gradient. Density studies done prior to this step revealed that trophozoites and non-nucleated cysts had similar densities, 1.028 g/ml, whereas nucleated cysts were heavier at 1.030 g/ml. Particulate host lung debris could be removed due to its heavier density, 1.040 g/ml. The significance of this study includes: relatively clump-free suspensions of infected rat lung, enumeration of trophozoites as well as cysts, and characterization of nucleated cysts. PMID- 3492600 TI - Enhancement of lysophospholipase activity with Trichinella spiralis antigen: evidence for cell cooperation. AB - Murine lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils were assayed for lysophospholipase in order to determine the cellular source of the enzyme. The eosinophil was the only cell that demonstrated a positive reaction for the enzyme. The role of other cells and/or antigen in production of the enzyme by the eosinophil was also investigated. Results demonstrated that eosinophils cultured with both Trichinella spiralis antigen and other leukocytes (lymphocytes and/or macrophages) yielded enzyme activities significantly greater than did eosinophils cultured alone or with only antigen. More specific experiments showed that T lymphocytes were the cells responsible for influencing the eosinophils' production of lysophospholipase in the presence of antigen, and that their influence was enhanced by the presence of macrophages. These results suggest that increased lysophospholipase activity present in parasitized tissue is not only due to an increased number of eosinophils infiltrating parasitized tissues, but is also due to each eosinophil synthesizing more of the enzyme for release. The necessity for antigen and other cells suggests a need for cell cooperation in the production of the enzyme, specifically T-lymphocytes and macrophage interaction with the eosinophil. PMID- 3492601 TI - Pharmacological characterization of dopamine sulfoconjugation by human platelets. AB - Human platelets accumulate dopamine (DA) from the incubation medium in vitro and convert a significant percentage of the accumulated DA to dopamine sulfate (DAS). Platelet content of both DA and DAS increased linearly with incubation time and tissue concentration. Increasing the concentration of DA in the incubation medium also increased platelet content of both DA and DAS. However, after prolonged incubation times or in the presence of high concentrations of DA, the percentage conversion of DA to DAS decreased; this decrease was reversed at least partially by incubation in the presence of sodium sulfate, suggesting that sulfate availability may limit sulfoconjugation under some conditions. Incubation with fluoxetine produced a concentration-dependent decrease in both DA and DAS content of the platelets. In contrast, the agent 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, an inhibitor of the enzyme phenol sulfotransferase, did not interfere with DA uptake, but did inhibit DAS formation in a concentration-dependent manner. These studies suggest that the human platelet may represent a useful model system for the study of factors regulating DA sulfoconjugation. PMID- 3492602 TI - The development of the static vestibulo-ocular reflex in the southern clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. II. Animals with acute vestibular lesions. AB - Acute hemilabyrinthectomized tadpoles of the Southern Clawed Toad (Xenopus laevis), younger than stage 47 (about 6 days old), perform no static vestibulo ocular reflex (Fig. 1). Older acute lesioned animals respond with compensatory movements of both eyes during static roll. Their threshold roll angle, however, depends on the developmental stage. For lesioned stages 60 to 64, it is 75 degrees while stage 52 to 56 tadpoles respond even during a lateral roll of 15 degrees (Figs. 1 and 2). Selective destruction of single macula and crista organs revealed that the static vestibulo-ocular reflex is evoked by excitation of the macula utriculi (Figs. 3 and 4) even in young tadpoles. The results demonstrate that bilateral projections of the vestibular apparatus must have developed at the time of occurrence of the static VOR, that during the first week of life the excitation of a single labyrinth is subthreshold (Fig. 1). We discuss the possibility whether the loss of the static VOR during the prometamorphic period of life (Fig. 2) is caused by increasing formation of multimodal connections in the vestibular pathway. PMID- 3492603 TI - Oestrogen deficiency and bleeding from large bowel telangiectasia in Turner's syndrome. PMID- 3492605 TI - Monocytosis and monocytic infiltration of decidua in early pregnancy. AB - This study showed a marked increase of blood monocytes in the 7th-20th week of pregnancy. The highest monocyte values were observed in the very first weeks whereas neutrophil counts were increasing throughout the observation period. No significant pregnancy associated changes were found in T-cell subpopulations or in HLA-DR expression by monocytes. First trimester decidual tissue contained many HLA-DR, Leu-M3 positive cells. Their distribution was patchy and mainly confined to areas of prominent decidual reaction. In contrast normal secretory phase endometrium showed only occasional Leu-M3, HLA-DR positive cells but a few clusters of glandular epithelial cells expressed HLA-DR. Culture supernatants from both decidual and secretory endometrial tissues contained PGE2 in concentrations known to suppress PHA lymphocyte responses in vitro. We postulate that monocytes infiltrating the decidual tissue may, possibly through PGE2 mediated immunosuppression, help to prevent rejection of the fetal allograft early in pregnancy. PMID- 3492604 TI - The fragile X syndrome in a large family. I. Cytogenetic and clinical investigations. AB - Cytogenetic and clinical investigations were performed in 85 members of a large family, in which 18 males and seven females were mentally retarded. In the male patients the fragile site Xq27 was found in 6 to 44% (mean 22.5%) of peripheral blood lymphocytes. One non-retarded male expressed the cytogenetic abnormality in 6% of his cells. In 21 females the fra(X) was found in 3 to 28% (mean 8.7%) of their cells. Two obligate carriers did not express the fragile site. A significant difference in expression between the seven retarded (mean 16.7%) and seven non-retarded female carriers of corresponding age (mean 6.3%) was found (alpha = 0.01). No significant correlation between expression and age could be established, either in males or in females. The cytogenetic results appeared to be consistent. To avoid false positives, a cut-off point was chosen: males were considered to be fra(X) negative if no more than one in 100 cells showed the abnormality; for females the cut-off point was two in 100 cells. Segregation analysis did not detect significant deviations from the expected ratios. The putative presence of a transmitting male is discussed. The results of recombinant DNA analysis will be published elsewhere. Clinical investigations confirmed the findings of others. CT scans showed an enlargement of the ventricular system that exceeded the expected age changes. PMID- 3492607 TI - Bleeding upon probing as a reliable clinical sign of periodontal inflammation. PMID- 3492606 TI - Influence of external barium and potassium on potassium efflux in depolarized frog sartorius muscles. AB - Efflux of 42K+ was measured in frog sartorius muscles equilibrated in depolarizing solutions with external K+ concentrations [( K+]0) between 75 and 300 mM and NaCl concentrations of 60, 120, or 240 mM. For several combinations of KCl and NaCl, steady-state internal potentials (Vi) were the same for different [K+]0. For the range of Vi examined, K+ efflux occurs principally through the K+ inward rectifier channels. When external K+ is removed Vi remains constant for 2 to 3 hr because of the high membrane conductance to Cl-, but K+ efflux drops by about one order of magnitude. External Ba2+ in the presence or absence of external K+ produces an inhibition of K+ efflux described by a relation of the form u = (u1/(1 + C [Ba2+]0] + u2, where u is the uninhibited fraction of K+ efflux; u1, u2 and C are constants; and u1 + u2 = 1. C depends both on [K+]0 and Vi. When [K+]0 greater than or equal to 75 mM, increasing [K+]0 at constant Vi reduces Ba2+ sensitivity. For constant Vi greater than or equal to -30 mV, Ba2+ sensitivity is less when [K+]0 = 0 than when [K+]0 greater than or equal to 75 mM. When [K+]0 = 0, Ba2+ sensitivity decreases as Vi is made more positive. The dependence of the Ba2+ sensitivity on Vi at constant [K+]0 is greater when [K+]0 = 0 than when [K+]0 greater than or equal to 75 mM. Both the activation of K+ efflux by external K+ and the Ba2+ inhibition of K+ efflux can be explained on the basis of two membrane control sites associated with each channel. When both sites are occupied by K+, the channels are in a high flux state. When one or both sites are empty, the channels are in a low, nonzero flux state. When Ba2+ occupies either site, K+ efflux is further reduced. The reduction of Ba2+ sensitivity by increasing [K+]0 at high [K+]0 is attributable to the displacement of Ba2+ from the control sites by K+. The increased Ba2+ sensitivity produced by going from [K+]0 = 0 to [K+] greater than or equal to 75 mM when Vi greater than or equal to -30 mV is attributable to states in which Ba2+ occupies one site and K+ the other when [K+]0 not equal to 0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3492609 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of blunt intestinal and mesenteric injuries. AB - Twenty-four patients with signs on computed tomography (CT) of mesenteric or intestinal injury were treated over a 5-year period (1980-1984). All patients were the victims of blunt abdominal trauma. Nine patients with CT evidence of mesenteric or bowel hematomas were observed without adverse outcome. Fifteen were operatively explored, with 14 having injuries similar to the findings on the preoperative CT scans. In the group that had surgery, either thickened bowel or free intraperitoneal fluid (blood or less dense fluid) or both were present in all but one patient. Extraluminal air (three cases) or Gastrografin (Squibb) (one case) were absolute indications for surgery, as were bowel wall or mesenteric hematomas accompanied by substantial amounts of intraperitoneal fluid. The patient's history, physical examination, and initial laboratory values are important in proper selection of patients for CT evaluation. We feel that CT appears to offer certain definite advantages over peritoneal lavage in evaluation of bowel and mesenteric injuries and can reliably help to distinguish the injuries that require surgical repair from those that can be safely monitored and observed. PMID- 3492608 TI - Modulation of immune responses in mice by d-limonene. AB - The immunotoxicologic effects of d-limonene were determined. This naturally occurring substance is widely used in food flavorings and is a common additive in cosmetics. In the present study, BALB/c mice were treated with d-limonene for 9 wk. Effects on T- and B-cell responses were determined after 4 and 8 wk of treatment. Concanavalin-A responses at 8 wk, but not 4 wk, were suppressed in treated mice. A similar trend was observed for phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide responses. Evidence was presented that d-limonene had polyclonal activator action. Mice primed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) prior to initiation of d-limonene treatment had suppressed primary and secondary anti-KLH responses. Mice treated with d-limonene prior to KLH priming produced significant increased antibody responses. Additional evidence for polyclonal stimulation was obtained by histopathologic examination of secondary lymphoreticular tissue. Significant secondary follicle development and prominent lymphoid nodules and aggregates were found in the pancreas and intestinal mucosa, particularly apparent in mice receiving the highest d-limonene dosage. A subchronic LD50 study was conducted wherein BALB/c mice received 16 daily doses of d-limonene. An LD50 of approximately 0.0850 mg d-limonene/kg (corrected for 82% purity) was determined. PMID- 3492610 TI - Adult epiglottitis. AB - Epiglottitis (supraglottitis) in the adult, once thought a rare entity, has been reported in the literature with increasing frequency since the late 1960s. Five cases occurring in our hospital over a 12-week period prompted this report. Historical and literature reviews followed by five case reports and discussion, illustrate the important diagnostic and therapeutic features of this disease. PMID- 3492611 TI - Direct identification of class II histocompatibility DR proteins in preparations of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. AB - Class II histocompatibility DR antigen alpha and beta chains were isolated from preparations of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III grown in human H-9 cells. The proteins were purified by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by direct N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of each chain. The purified DR alpha chain had an N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to the known sequence of human DR alpha chain through the first 37 residues. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified DR beta chain was identical to that of human DR4 beta chain. The DR alpha and beta chains appeared to be identical to the p34-36K and p30-32K proteins, respectively, concentrated in immunostimulatory complexes prepared from unfractionated virus and were the major immunogens in these complexes. These proteins represent a ready source of antigens which can cause false-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions in individuals previously exposed to allogenic histocompatibility antigens. The removal of the DR chains from virus preparations by use of available monoclonal antibodies or other means should result in a lower rate of initial false-positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions. PMID- 3492613 TI - Intraluminal interleukin 2 and bacillus Calmette-Guerin for treatment of bladder cancer: a preliminary report. AB - The authors treated 13 patients who had undergone resection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with a combination of 3,500 units of interleukin 2 and half the recommended dose of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Of the patients 11 (85 per cent) remained free of tumor for a mean of 13 months (range 6 to 24 months). These results are comparable to those with bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy alone. However, a longer followup with a large number of patients is needed to assess the efficacy of this modality compared to conventional bacillus Calmette Guerin therapy. Side effects after treatment were minor, self limiting (fever, hematuria and bladder irritability) and lasted for 24 hours. PMID- 3492612 TI - Monoclonal anti-I-A antibody reverses chronic paralysis and demyelination in Theiler's virus-infected mice: critical importance of timing of treatment. AB - Susceptibility to demyelination caused by the WW isolate of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses is linked to class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex. SJL/J (H-2s) mice, expressing only I-As class II gene products of the major histocompatibility complex, are highly susceptible to Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection with the WW virus isolate, with chronic paralysis and severe inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system. The effect of in vivo administration of anti-I-As monoclonal antibodies on Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection was observed. SJL/J mice were treated in various protocols pre- or postinfection. Anti-I-As monoclonal antibody reversed chronic paralysis and reduced inflammation and demyelination when given after the establishment of persistent infection. The effect was long lasting, but clinical signs, inflammation, and demyelination recurred 2 months after treatment ceased. Anti-I-As antibodies had no effect on viral titers within the central nervous system. The timing of the administration of monoclonal antibodies was critical. Administration of anti-I-As before the establishment of the persistent infection resulted in fatal encephalitis. PMID- 3492614 TI - Association of volume with outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Scheduled vs nonscheduled operations. AB - Empirical evidence suggests that mortality rates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are lower in hospitals that perform a higher volume of the procedure. In recent years, the criteria for CABG surgery have been expanded to include patients with a wide variety of co-morbidities. To address the question of whether the volume-outcome relationship continues to exist for this new group of patients, discharge abstracts for 18,986 CABG operations at 77 hospitals in California in 1983 were analyzed using multiple-regression techniques. Higher volume hospitals had lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted for case mix); this effect was greatest in patients who might be characterized as having "non scheduled" CABG surgery. Higher-volume hospitals also had shorter average postoperative lengths of stay and fewer patients with extremely long stays. The results of this study suggest that the greatest improvement in average outcomes for CABG surgery would result from the closure of low-volume surgery units. PMID- 3492617 TI - [Detection of immune complexes by radioimmunoassay using Raji cells]. PMID- 3492615 TI - [Effects of a water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii on immunocompetent cells]. PMID- 3492616 TI - [Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia--functional study of monocytic leukemia cells]. PMID- 3492618 TI - [An analysis of the immunologic role of murine tail epidermal and Langerhans cells in the induction of CTL in vitro]. PMID- 3492619 TI - [Histological and immunological study on nephropathy by spontaneous diabetic mice]. PMID- 3492620 TI - Involvement of central serotonergic mechanisms in the cough reflex. AB - To determine the role of central serotonergic systems in modulating the cough reflex, the effects of serotonergic agonists on the respiration and the cough reflex were comparatively studied. Male and female cats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Respiration and cough reflex were measured using a pneumotachograph via a cannula inserted into the trachea. The cough reflex was elicited by electrical stimuli to the superior laryngeal nerve. Tranylcypromine, a MAO inhibitor, in a dose of 5 mg/kg, i.v., increased the respiration, but depressed the cough reflex. The serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed the respiration and the cough reflex. Haloperidol (2 mg/kg, i.v.) abolished the tranylcypromine-stimulated respiratory responses, and it intensified the tranylcypromine induced cough depression. It is concluded that the increase in serotonin levels in the brain has a depressant influence on the central generating mechanisms of the cough reflex. Furthermore, central dopaminergic mechanisms seem to play a modulating role on the cough reflex. PMID- 3492621 TI - [Combined valvular and coronary artery surgery]. PMID- 3492623 TI - Vascular dissemination of tumor cells in relation to temperature-dependent metastasis in frogs. AB - Metastasis is a temperature-related phenomenon in the North American leopard frog (Rana pipiens) affected with the Lucke renal adenocarcinoma. The frog is a poikilothermic vertebrate whose internal body temperature closely follows that of the environment, and tumor-bearing frogs living in a warm (28 degrees C) environment have a much higher incidence of metastasis (greater than 75%) than those in cold (4 degrees C) conditions (less than 6%). In this investigation it was found that Lucke tumor cells labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate could be detected in frozen sections of all organs examined within 15 minutes, regardless of whether the hosts were adapted to a warm or a cold environment. Separate experiments involving inoculation of isotope-labeled tumor cells demonstrated that large numbers of cells arrived in the liver and other organs of animals kept at either end of the temperature range. These findings show that the infrequency of metastasis by Lucke adenocarcinomas in chilled frogs is not due to failure of dissemination of tumor cells consequent upon temperature-mediated changes in blood viscosity or flow patterns. Thus they establish the important baseline that the effects of temperature on metastasis in this vertebrate are exerted directly on the tumor cells and/or the internal environment of the host and that the system therefore provides new opportunities for probing the biology and biochemistry of tumor metastasis. PMID- 3492622 TI - [Coronary artery bypass grafting during permanent pacing--report of a case]. PMID- 3492624 TI - Reduction in responsiveness of thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin during bladder tumor induction and restorative effects of thymosin fraction 5 in rats. AB - Urinary bladder tumors were induced in female Wistar rats by oral administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6]. Hypertrophy or vascular formation was observed in the bladder membrane 8 weeks after BBN administration, and tumors became visible at the 15th week. At the 20th week, approximately 95% of these rats had bladder tumors. The response of thymus lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in these BBN-treated rats began to decrease from the 10th week and decreased significantly from the 18th week as compared with that in untreated rats. This reduced response to PHA was slower in comparison with the reduced response to concanavalin A. When thymus lymphocytes were preincubated with thymosin fraction 5 in vitro, the response to PHA improved between the 8th week and the 20th week. Furthermore, when the thymus small lymphocyte population was separated into 3 subpopulations by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and adhesion column, the restorative effect of the thymus hormonal product was greater in the intermediate and heavier subpopulations. PMID- 3492625 TI - [Current aspects of the croup syndrome (pseudocroup)]. PMID- 3492626 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical aspects and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 960 30- to 50-year-old patients with purely dietetically manageable, newly detected Type II diabetes, the fundus of the eye was kept under observation for 5 years. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 58.6% (45.6% preretinopathy, 13% retinopathy) in the first year and 91% (78% preretinopathy, 13% retinopathy) after 5 years. The clinical picture of the fundus in Type II diabetes is characterized by arteriosclerotic changes and a mild diabetic retinopathy with only slow progression. PMID- 3492627 TI - [Chandler syndrome--a case report]. AB - Chandler's syndrome is a particularly rare form of unilateral secondary glaucoma, in which--besides other symptoms--corneal epithelial edema occurs even when intraocular pressure rises slightly to above 20 mmHg. For 3 years now the authors have had a patient under observation whose condition corresponds to Chandler's syndrome. A remarkable feature of this case is that corneal edema occurred at physiological pressure levels. The symptoms and course are described; a brief differential diagnostic review is given and therapeutic possibilities are pointed out. PMID- 3492628 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of pain in pediatric oncology]. AB - Pain in pediatric oncology must be taken care of after years of neglection. On an average of 62% of tumours pain is of therapeutic relevance. In cancer relapse and final states incidence of pain increases up to 90%. Treatment of acute pain is not difficult, chronic pain however affords a special procedure: individual dosage with optimal suppression of pain whole day long, often combination of different methods, will give sufficient longtime results. Around 4/5 of pediatric cancer pain can be treated by pharmacological regime using central and antiphlogistic analgesics. Additional methods are local anesthesia, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, physiotherapy, psychotherapy and seldom neurosurgical intervention. The optimal treatment of cancer pain is part of a consequent oncological procedure. Some more effort is necessary to reach the most possible quality of life in these children. PMID- 3492629 TI - Treatment of aplastic anemia with cyclosporin A, methylprednisolone, and antithymocyte globulin. AB - Twenty-three patients with aplastic anemia (18/23 with severe aplastic anemia) were treated with an immunosuppressive regimen consisting of cyclosporin A (CsA) and methylprednisolone (MP) (n = 7) or CsA, MP, and antithymocyte globulin (ATG; n = 16). Nineteen patients are alive with a follow-up of 4 to 25 months; three patients died of infections and one of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Within 3 months, improvement of hematopoiesis was seen in 14 patients (61%). First signs of a response after 23 to 88 days were followed by complete remission in eight patients, partial remission in three patients, and minimal improvement in three patients. Two of the patients with only minimal improvement were treated with a second course of immunosuppression and reached a complete remission and partial remission. Interestingly, remission proved to be dependent on the continued administration of CsA in four of five patients with partial or complete remission who could be evaluated up to now. Thus, CsA must have been effective in the induction and/or maintenance of remission in three patients. This observation is a very strong argument for the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of at least some cases of aplastic anemia and warrants further evaluation of the role of CsA in the treatment of aplastic anemia. PMID- 3492630 TI - [Effect of altered blood circulation on human nystagmic reactions]. AB - Optokinetic and vestibulo-optokinetic nystagmus in response to optokinetic and combined vestibulo-optokinetic stimulation applied during head-down tilt was investigated. Tilt-induced circulation changes produced a modifying effect on nystagmic reactions which included a decrease of optokinetic and vestibulo optokinetic nystagmus and its subsequent recovery after return to the horizontal position. The absolute parameters of vestibulo-optokinetic nystagmus changed depending on the direction of head movements in the sagittal plane relative to the long axis of the body. Some aspects of the relationships between sensory and nystagmic components of vestibular reactions during "conflict" stimulation of the vestibular and visual sensory systems are discussed. PMID- 3492631 TI - Acute hemorrhagic pericardial effusion complicating angiosarcoma of the liver. AB - A 42-year-old woman, with an acute hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, was found to have an angiosarcoma of the liver which caused a massive intraabdominal bleeding due to spontaneous rupture of the liver. PMID- 3492632 TI - Reperfusion ventricular fibrillation during coronary artery bypass operations and its association with postoperative enzyme release. AB - Elevated creatine kinase MB level is the most common marker of myocardial infarction in patients who have had a recent coronary bypass operation. This study was performed to determine whether there is any relationship between reperfusion rhythms, their treatment, and postoperative creatine kinase MB concentrations. Twenty patients were monitored during coronary bypass operations. Four patients had no reperfusion ventricular fibrillation and no elevation of creatine kinase MB postoperatively. Of the 16 remaining patients, all had ventricular fibrillation and 12 had an elevation of postoperative creatine kinase MB (p less than 0.015). There was also a 75% correlation between the time in ventricular fibrillation and postoperative creatine kinase MB level. There was no correlation between other measured parameters, such as cross-clamp time, bypass time, or the number of defibrillations. It is concluded that reperfusion ventricular fibrillation is associated with release of creatine kinase MB, and the time in ventricular fibrillation is correlated with the postoperative creatine kinase MB level. PMID- 3492633 TI - Coronary artery bypass without cardioplegia. AB - Cardioplegic myocardial protection has become the standard for coronary artery bypass. In contrast, we report 500 consecutive coronary artery bypass operations with intermittent aortic clamping for distal anastomoses, left ventricular venting, and 30 degrees C hypothermia. Average patient age was 62 years (range of 30 to 89 years). The number of patients who had urgent or emergency operations was 194 (39%); 251 patients had unstable angina, and 123 others had preinfarction angina (pain at rest in the hospital); 27 had evolving myocardial infarction. The average number of grafts was 3.3 per patient, and the average ischemic time was 7.65 minutes per graft. There were five hospital deaths (1%); none resulted from poor myocardial protection that caused low cardiac output. Only three survivors (0.6%) required a balloon pump to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass: two had acute infarctions preoperatively, and the other had an ejection fraction of 0.30 and intractable atrial arrhythmias. Only two other patients (0.4%) received any inotropic infusions postoperatively. Eighteen patients (3.6%) had a perioperative infarction. These results, particularly the virtual absence of postoperative inotropic support, in unselected patients of whom 80% had acute coronary syndromes, indicate that intermittent ischemia can provide excellent myocardial protection for coronary bypass. Brief periods of intermittent ischemia alleviate concern about cardioplegic protection via occluded coronaries or internal mammary grafts and provide a simple and safe option for myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass. PMID- 3492634 TI - Increased risk of urgent revascularization. AB - To determine the risk factors for operative mortality and morbidity, we performed a prospective analysis of 1,980 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass operations between 1982 and 1984. The operative mortality was 3.5%, and the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction was 8.6% and low output syndrome, 12.0%. Stepwise logistic regression identified sex, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, and the urgency of operation as independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. Urgent revascularization was performed in patients with unstable angina refractory to maximal medical therapy. In these patients the operative mortality was 8.5%. Independent risk factors of postoperative morbidity, in addition to sex, ejection fraction, and urgent revascularization, included a previous bypass procedure, age, and New York Heart Association functional class. Unstable angina unresponsive to medical therapy contributed significantly to the operative risk. Interventions to reduce perioperative ischemic injury, such as improved methods of myocardial protection, may improve the results in high-risk patients. PMID- 3492635 TI - Identification of cortico-thalamic neurons: involvement of cortical descending modulation in acupuncture analgesia. PMID- 3492636 TI - Effect of electroacupuncture on the oxygen metabolism of myocardium during myocardial ischemic injury. PMID- 3492637 TI - Haemopoietic growth factors stimulating murine megakaryocytopoiesis: interleukin 3 is immunologically distinct from megakaryocyte-potentiator. AB - The biological and immunological properties of stimulators of in vitro murine megakaryocytopoiesis were studied using a heterologous anti-interleukin 3 (IL-3) serum. All megakaryocyte colony development was inhibited with the antiserum using three sources of IL-3, including WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium (WEHI-3CM), pokeweed mitogen-spleen conditioned medium (PWM-SCM) and recombinant IL-3. The data indicate that IL-3 is an absolute requirement for murine megakaryocyte colony development in this system. By comparison the antiserum abolished all myeloid colony growth stimulated by WEHI-3CM, but not PWM-SCM. The in vitro development of single megakaryocytes stimulated by a second putative growth factor, megakaryocyte-potentiator, was not inhibited by the antibody. The antiserum precipitated a 26 kd molecular weight protein from a radioiodinated sample of IL-3. No crossreactivity by the antiserum with other colony-stimulating factors (CSF) including CSF-1 and granulocyte-macrophage CSF was observed. The data indicates that IL-3 and megakaryocyte-potentiator are immunologically unrelated and provides further support that the two factors are separate molecules. PMID- 3492638 TI - Friend virus-infected long-term bone marrow cultures produce colony stimulating factor dependent and independent granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells for over four years in vitro. AB - C3H/HeJ mouse long-term bone marrow cultures infected at initiation with a cloned polycythemic strain of Friend spleen focus forming virus in a cloned N-tropic murine leukemia virus helper virus coat, persistently produced: colony-forming unit spleen (CFUs) for 55 weeks that formed macroscopic spleen colonies in syngeneic or allogeneic C57B10.Br/J mice; and L-cell or WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium-dependent granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit culture (GM-CFUc); and morphologically normal granulocytes for over 245 weeks. Colony stimulating factor (CSF)-independent colony forming progenitor cells were first detectably produced in vitro at 75 weeks, and when subcultured generated karyotypically distinct permanent factor-independent tumorigenic cell lines. Nonadherent cells removed from long-term marrow cultures at 19 but not at 77 weeks reconstituted donor origin hematopoiesis in C57B10.Br/J mice as measured by B-cell lineage surface immunoglobin allotype. Nonadherent cells removed at 77 weeks produced lethal splenomegaly and marrow infiltration with culture origin cells in C57B10.Br/J mice. Despite generation of clonal malignant cell lines, L-cell DSF (CSF-1, M-CSF) responsive GM-CFUc that were simultaneously produced over 4 years in the same long-term marrow cultures, grew to 7 day colonies in semisolid medium and terminally differentiated. Thus, adherent stromal cells in Friend virus infected long-term bone marrow cultures simultaneously support CSF-responsive and malignant CSF-independent hematopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 3492639 TI - Multiparameter characterization of L3 leukemia cell populations. AB - Multiparameter analysis of 14 consecutive patients with L3 cell populations (FAB classification) in bone marrow showed consistently high mean cellular RNA content but heterogeneity with respect to percent cels in S- and G2M-phases of the cell cycle, cell surface phenotype, cytogenetic abnormalities, cellular DNA content, and nuclear activities of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Five of the 14 patients had the characteristic profile of L3 leukemia with high RNA content, a typical t(8;14) or t(8;22) translocation, low Tdt, B-cell surface phenotype, pseudodiploid modal number of chromosomes, high proliferation and normal DNA index. The remaining 9 patients had features thought to be unusual and they were very heterogeneous. Median survival time from time of diagnosis was 115 days with no patient alive after 474 days. The survival times exhibited excellent correlation with a parametric model assuming exponential distribution. Accordingly, the presence of abnormal DI predicted for decreased, and the presence of t(8;14) or pseudodiploidy was associated with increased survival rates. However, due to the small number of patients in this study, generally applicable conclusions should be drawn only from a collection of larger numbers of cases of this rare type of leukemia. PMID- 3492640 TI - Isoenzyme studies in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines--V. Induction of differentiation by T-cell derived differentiation-inducing activity. AB - A panel of human leukemia cell lines from various lineages (T-cell, pre B- and Non-T/Non-B cell, myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines) were utilised as model systems of the distant effects of differentiation-inducing activity (DIA) produced by the T-leukemia cell line HUT-102. DIA inhibited cell proliferation and induced distinct morphological changes which were more pronounced in the myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines than in the lymphoid cell lines. DIA triggered in the myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines an increase in the number of NBT-reducing cells and caused strong adherence to plastic surface. The T-cell lines showed aggregation of cells in floating clusters. In the isoenzyme analysis of the enzymes carboxylic esterase and acid phosphatase, it was found that DIA stimulated the new expression of isoenzymes and a stronger staining intensity of several isoenzyme bands in all cell lines, however, at varying degrees. HL-60 and HEL displayed newly a monocyte-specific isoenzyme. Several myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines were triggered to express the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme. The cell kinetic, morphological, functional and isoenzymatic data demonstrated that DIA effected the development of the different blood cell types. However, it appears that the cells reached a new differentiation block after acquired expression of differentiation-linked features; the lymphoid cell lines were more limited in their response to DIA than the myeloid and erythroid cells. PMID- 3492641 TI - [Unusual clinical manifestations in a case of Wegener's disease]. PMID- 3492642 TI - [Fatal hemorrhage from the adventitia in dilatation of a stricture of the lower esophagus]. PMID- 3492643 TI - [Emergency surgical indications of the colon and rectum--perforation and hemorrhage]. AB - Colorectal perforation per se requires surgical intervention whereas in lower gastrointestinal bleeding localisation of the bleeding point has priority to any therapeutic action. Among the prevailing diagnostic methods coloscopy was found to be clinically most relevant. In profuse bleeding or for the interval detection of angiodysplasia angiography is the means of first choice. Subtotal colectomy has proved advantageous, if resection is necessitated without localisation of the bleeding site. The present operative concept in colonic perforation implies the primary excision of the lesion in diverticular as well as in neoplastic disease. PMID- 3492645 TI - [Indications in angina pectoris--surgical therapy]. AB - Operation must be performed: in patients with postinfarction VSD or mitral insufficiency, with unstable angina and left mainstem stenosis, evolving infarction after PTCA. Operation should be performed: in patients with therapy resistant angina and 3 and 2-VD. Operation can be performed: if coronary angiography demonstrated localised diseases and poststenotic myocardial ischemia. Operation is contraindicated: in patients with endstage malignant diseases, acute infections and 4 h after onset of myocardial infarction? PMID- 3492646 TI - [Indications for preventive sclerosing of esophageal varices]. AB - In 72 patients with oesophageal varices the intravascular oesophageal variceal pressure was measured, in 31 of them the portal pressure as well. The portal pressure was identical with the variceal pressure only at the cardia. There was a positive relationship between the size of varices and the variceal pressure and between the size of varices and the occurrence of bleeding from varices. Prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy is indicated in grade II and III varices. PMID- 3492647 TI - [Therapy of psychogenic aphonias using endolaryngeal faradization]. AB - Endolaryngeal faradization has been used for phoniatric treatment in 65 cases of psychogenic aphonia between 1975 and 1985. A review of the patient's records as well as a phoniatrical follow up examination (33 patients) revealed that this symptomatic treatment method is highly successful, with stable results in many cases. Moreover, return of phonation need not be achieved in a single session. PMID- 3492644 TI - [Principles of physical prevention of thrombosis]. AB - Physical methods of prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis aim to counteract the stasis of venous blood flow that occurs during immobilisation. Prospective randomized studies have documented that perioperative electrical calf stimulation, intermittent pneumatic compression, and graduated compression stockings effectively reduce the frequency of post-operative deep-vein thromboses. However, up to date it has not been proved that they also reduce the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism, and so these physical methods represent no valid alternative to the pharmacological methods of prophylaxis against thromboembolic events. Their use is justified, however, when the pharmacological agents are contraindicated, and as an adjunct to the pharmacological methods. PMID- 3492648 TI - Stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor release from the rat hypothalamus in vitro. AB - Effects of acetylcholine (Ach) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release from the rat hypothalamus were examined using a rat hypothalamic perifusion system and a rat CRF RIA in vitro. Ach stimulated CRF release in a dose-dependent manner (1 pM-1 nM). One nM Ach-induced CRF release was inhibited by atropine in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 nM), but was inhibited by only a high concentration (100 nM) of hexamethonium. In addition, such Ach-induced CRF release was inhibited by norepinephrine. GABA did not influence basal CRF release. These results suggest that Ach stimulates CRF release mainly through muscarinic receptors at least under our conditions. PMID- 3492649 TI - The hepatic binding and uptake kinetics of epidermal growth factor: studies with isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes are known to bind and internalize a variety of small molecular weight proteins by a process known as receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the binding and uptake kinetics of a small protein known to be taken up by the liver by RME, epidermal growth factor (EGF), using suspensions of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes accumulated 125I-EGF (90 pM) in a temperature-dependent fashion. Isolated hepatocytes incubated at 37 degrees C with 125I-EGF began to release a TCA soluble radiolabeled material into the incubation medium with a lag period of 20 min. EGF uptake by isolated hepatocytes was linear for only 60 seconds and displayed saturation kinetics (apparent Km of 4 nM and a Vmax of 105 fM/min/10(6) cells). Hepatocytes incubated at 4 degrees C bound, but did not internalize, EGF. Under these conditions, EGF binding was saturable at concentrations above 8 nM. A Scatchard analysis revealed that the average number of receptors per hepatocyte was 7.7 X 10(4) with a dissociation constant of 2.6 nM. These data demonstrate that freshly isolated hepatocytes are capable of binding, internalizing and metabolizing EGF and thus are a good model to study RME of small molecular weight proteins. PMID- 3492650 TI - Current concepts in molecular mechanisms of MPTP-induced toxicity. PMID- 3492651 TI - Bioactivation of MPTP: reactive metabolites and possible biochemical sequelae. AB - Expression of the selective nigrostriatal neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [MPTP] requires its bioactivation by MAO B which leads to the formation of potentially reactive metabolites including the 2-electron oxidation product, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species [MPDP+] and the 4-electron oxidation product, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium species [MPP+]. The latter metabolite accumulates in brain striatal tissues, is a substrate for dopaminergic active uptake systems and is an inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase, a respiratory chain enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In intact mitochondria this inhibition of respiration may be facilitated by active uptake of MPP+, a process dependent on the membrane electrical gradient. In considering possible mechanisms involved in the biochemical effects of MPP+, its redox cycling potential appears to be much lower than its chemical congener paraquat, based on attempted radical formation by chemical or enzymic reduction. Theoretically, a carbon-centered radical intermediate could be formed by 1-electron reduction of MPP+, or by 1-electron oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine, the free base form of MPDP+. The 1-electron reduction of such a radical could form 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,4 dihydropyridine [DHP]. Synthetic DHP is neurotoxic in C57B mice, and its administration leads to the formation of MPP+ in the brain, presumably through rapid auto-oxidation. The hydrolysis of DHP would yield 3-phenylglutaraldehyde and methylamine. Recent studies demonstrating the formation of methylamine in brain mitochondrial preparations containing MPTP support our suggestion that DHP may be a brain metabolite of MPTP. PMID- 3492653 TI - Studies on the mechanism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine cytotoxicity in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Oxidative stress and covalent binding have been proposed as possible mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic effects of the parkinsonism-causing compound 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). However, the toxicity induced by MPTP in isolated rat hepatocytes seems to be relatively independent of oxygen radical induced oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate that MPTP cytotoxicity is not potentiated by pretreatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, nor prevented by the antioxidant N,N' diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) or the iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine. Moreover, preincubation of hepatocytes with diethylmaleate to lower the level of intracellular reduced glutathione (to 20% of the initial value) did not affect either the rate or extent of MPTP cytotoxicity. Thus, nucleophilic soluble thiols do not seem to play a protective role against MPTP-induced cell damage, in contrast to what one would have expected if covalent protein binding and oxidative stress were involved as toxic mechanisms. On the other hand, MPTP cytotoxicity was potentiated by pretreatment of hepatocytes with cytochrome P-450 inhibitors (e.g., SKF 525A and metyrapone) and a more rapid depletion of ATP was observed in these experimental conditions. We conclude that mitochondrial damage and subsequent ATP depletion are likely to play a critical role in the toxicity of MPTP to isolated hepatocytes and that the metabolism of MPTP via the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system can be considered to be a detoxifying pathway. PMID- 3492652 TI - 4-Phenylpyridine (4PP) and MPTP: the relationship between striatal MPP+ concentrations and neurotoxicity. AB - Because of the chemical and structural similarity between 4-phenylpyridine (4PP) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the effects of 4PP alone and in combination with MPTP on striatal dopamine (DA) concentrations were studied in mice. 4PP did not deplete striatal DA, even when given in maximally tolerated doses (five times that required for MPTP neurotoxicity). However, when 4PP was administered prior to MPTP, it provided significant protection against the DA-depleting effects of MPTP. Additional experiments showed that 4PP pretreatment reduced striatal concentrations of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) - the putative toxic biotransformation product of MPTP, and that the concentration of this metabolite closely mirrored striatal DA depletion in MPTP treated mice. In vitro studies established that 4PP probably lowers MPP+ concentrations by inhibiting the biotransformation of MPTP to MPP+. These observations could be of clinical interest in view of the lower incidence of cigarette smoking among Parkinson's disease patients, and the fact that 4PP is known to be present in cigarettes. PMID- 3492655 TI - Modulation of the immune response by emotional stress. AB - The influence of mild, emotional stress was investigated for its effect on the immune system by subjecting rats to the one-trial-learning passive avoidance test. The reactivity of the immune system was tested by determining the proliferative response after mitogenic stimulation in vitro as well as the capacity to generate a primary antibody response in vivo after immunization with sheep red blood cells. Our results demonstrate that exposure of rats to a single electric footshock (learning trial) or habituation to the passive avoidance apparatus, induces an increase of the immune response in vitro and in vivo. Thus, emotional stimuli seem to facilitate immunological responsiveness. However, when the animal is confronted with a conflict situation, as tested by the retention of the avoidance response after a single learning trial, the initially enhanced reactivity of the immune system decreases. It is concluded that the immune system is capable of reacting specifically and immediately to distinct psychological stimuli. PMID- 3492654 TI - The biotransformation of MPTP and disposition of MPP+: the effects of aging. AB - The primary objective of this study was to investigate possible biochemical correlates of the enhanced effects of MPTP with aging in C57BL/6 mice. Striatal MPP+ concentrations were found to increase directly with the age of the animals injected (range 6 to 32 weeks). In vitro studies confirmed an enhanced rate of production of MPP+ in striatum, ventral mesencephalon, and frontal cortex in older animals. The rate of clearance of MPP+ from striatum was approximately the same in 6-8 week old mice as in 8 month old mice, but the total exposure of this brain region to MPP+ was approximately three times greater when older animals were compared to younger ones given equivalent doses of MPTP. These results are compatible with increased MPP+ production (i.e., a pharmacokinetic effect) as the explanation for the increased dopamine depletion induced by MPTP in older animals. We suggest that this approach may provide a new avenue of investigation for the study of neurodegenerative phenomena and the aging process. PMID- 3492657 TI - [Radionuclide evaluation of the mucociliary function of the mucosa of the nasal cavity in chronic lung diseases]. AB - The authors presented their first experience of radionuclide assessment of the nasal mucosal transport (NMT) in 39 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology (14 adults and 25 children) to detect patients among them with suspected syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia (SPCD). In 18 patients the test was positive excluding SPCD as a cause of a chronic inflammatory pulmonary process. In 21 patients NMT was absent, 2 of these patients had Kartagener's triad serving as a kind of model confirming the data on NMT. The authors proposed the method as a screening test due to its non-invasiveness and simplicity in patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases in order to detect among them patients with suspected SPCD for further examination using invasive methods. PMID- 3492658 TI - [Rheumatic manifestations associated with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 3492656 TI - Alterations in brain lipid composition caused by vanadate. AB - In an attempt to investigate the effect of sodium meta vanadate on membrane lipids in rat brain, in vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out. Intraperitoneal administration of vanadate (10 and 16 mumole/100 g) caused increase in cholesterol levels, whereas phospholipid levels were much less modified. These alterations brought about a significant increase in the ratio cholesterol/phospholipid. Concomitantly, an increase of both linoleic and docosahexanoic acids was observed, whereas arachidonic acid level was diminished. In all in vivo experiments the most effective dose on the parameters studied was 16 mumole/100 g. On the other hand, when vanadate (10(-3)-10(-5)M) was added in in vitro experiments a similar pattern of variation was obtained in cholesterol and phospholipid levels; however the variations were much less evident, 10(-3)M being the most effective dose. Likewise in the in vivo experiments, vanadate seems to act by increasing the levels of linoleic and docosahexanoic acids and by decreasing the arachidonic acid level. In contrast, the docosahexanoic acid level remained unchanged in in vitro experiments. These results suggest that both the brain delta 6 desaturase and extracerebral docosahexanoic acid synthesis are modified by vanadate. In conclusion, the present study indicates that vanadate is able to modify the cerebral lipid metabolism by altering the ratio cholesterol/phospholipid which in turn could lead to alterations in the membrane fluidity. PMID- 3492659 TI - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) in women. AB - Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), or Buerger's disease, is a distinct clinicopathologic entity. It is a relatively uncommon cause of occlusive peripheral vascular disease. The disease is more prevalent in some geographic areas than in others, and there is a probable ethnic predisposition. Buerger's disease is decidedly rare in women; only 24 cases with histologic proof of the disease have ever been recorded, including 12 new cases described in this article. The clinical presentation and histopathology of TAO in women differ in no way from that in men. There is no evidence that the disease is milder in women, since 9 of the 12 in this series underwent amputation and the remaining 3 required reconstructive and bypass surgical intervention. Awareness of the entity and familiarity with the clinical, angiographic, and pathologic features of the disease are the key to a prompt and correct diagnosis of Buerger's disease. PMID- 3492660 TI - [Lipoproteins as risk indicators of coronary heart disease in females. Partial report of the Goettingen Risk, Incidence and Prevalence Study (GRIPS)]. PMID- 3492661 TI - [Increase in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis septicemias in chronic dialysis patients]. PMID- 3492663 TI - [Circadian rhythm of osteocalcin in children]. PMID- 3492662 TI - Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism of predialysis chronic renal failure with low doses of 1,25(OH)2D3: humoral and histomorphometric results. AB - Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the osteodystrophy of predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF) with 1,25(OH)2D3 has been advocated by several authors, but also opposed by others for alleged renal toxicity. However, current concepts of the pathogenesis of the early occurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in predialysis CRF point to deficiency of 1,25(OH)2D3 as a primary factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate if administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.25 microgram daily) in a dose which would not induce hypercalcemia, would improve humoral and bone histomorphometric parameters in predialysis CRF. 15 patients with predialysis CRF (mean age 51.2 +/- 16.9 years, range 13-73 years), serum creatinine 4.93 +/- 1.7 mg/dl, were treated with the vitamin D metabolite for an average of 16.2 +/- 11.3 months, at the end of which a transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometry was performed. In addition, 23 patients comparable for age, serum creatinine and causes of renal failure, served as controls. Treatment did not induce hypercalcemia nor adversely modify the rate of decline of renal function. Alkaline phosphatase fell significantly while immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and osteocalcin showed a moderate, not significant, decrease. Compared to the control patients, the bone histomorphometric parameters active resorption surface and active osteoblastic surface were significantly lower and almost normalized by treatment. In conclusion, the study provides conclusive evidence of the absence of toxicity of the metabolite at the low doses employed, together with good therapeutic response on bone histology. Treatment at this dosage could be made in the early stages of predialysis CRF without need of close and continuous monitoring of serum biochemical parameters. PMID- 3492664 TI - [Vitamin D poisoning. Physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 3492665 TI - [Dental extractions in patients treated with anticoagulants. The preoperative assessment]. PMID- 3492668 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in AIDS: report of 11 cases and literature review. PMID- 3492667 TI - [Infection and neonatal meningitis: epidemiology, pathogen spectrum, therapy]. AB - Data from 196 infants were analyzed who had been treated for neonatal septicemia and/or meningitis between 1962-1974 (n = 88) and 1975-1985 (n = 108). In addition to an increase in the incidence of septicemia (1962-1974: 0.88 cases/1000 live births/year; 1975-1985: 1.8 cases/1000 live births/year) there was also a change in the pattern of infection. Group B streptococcal infections were first observed in 1975. Infections with Escherichia coli increased (1962-1974: 0.25 cases/1000 live births/year; 1975-1985: 0.65 cases/1000 live births/year). Although the incidence of meningitis was similar in both periods (1962-1985: 0.45 cases/1000 live births/year) the relative number of cases declined (1962-1974: 51 of 88 patients; 1975-1985 25 of 108). Mortality also decreased during the second period (1962-1974: 53%; 1975-1985: 29%). All infants were primarily treated with a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin. The decision to discontinue this therapy was based on the clinical course of the patient and the results of culture and susceptibility studies. Ampicillin and/or gentamicin were effective in vitro against all microorganisms which caused septicemia and/or meningitis within the first four days of life. In contrast this antimicrobial combination was only active in vitro against 77% of the pathogens isolated after this time period. PMID- 3492666 TI - Interaction between monensin and lysosomotropic amines in the regulation of the processing of epidermal growth factor by BALB/c 3T3 cells. AB - Monensin, like the lysosomotropic amines chloroquine and methylamine, caused a large accumulation of 125I-EGF in BALB/c-3T3 cells that was due to specific increases in the amount of intracellular intact hormone. However using a pulse chase paradigm of 125I-EGF accumulation, marked differences were observed between monensin and the amines. When EGF was accumulated in the presence of monensin, there was a gradual loss of cell-bound radioactivity during a chase in the absence of the drug, and the labeled material recovered in the medium primarily consisted of degraded hormone. The continued presence of monensin in the chase medium substantively prevented the loss of cell bound material, and what little was recovered in the medium consisted of intact 125I-EGF. In contrast, when 125I EGF was accumulated in the presence of methylamine, predominantly intact peptide was lost from the cells at a relatively high rate during the chase whether or not methylamine remained in the medium. When monensin was present in the chase medium following accumulation in the presence of either chloroquine or methylamine, the loss of intracellular 125I-EGF was essentially blocked. PMID- 3492670 TI - Pulmonary infiltrates in an immunocompromised patient. PMID- 3492669 TI - Lymphadenopathy in patients at risk for AIDS: immunopathologic study in comparison to controls. PMID- 3492671 TI - Pulmonary toxoplasmosis: an unusual nodular radiographic pattern in a patient with AIDS. PMID- 3492672 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorder of the central nervous system in AIDS. PMID- 3492673 TI - Clonal analysis of T cells in lymphomatoid papulosis. PMID- 3492674 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 8-1987. A 44-month-old girl with fever of unknown origin after repair of the tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 3492675 TI - An immunological study of a case of tinea capitis in an adult. AB - We evaluated the immunological aspects of a case of tinea capitis in an adult. Tests revealed alteration of the T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio (T4 increase and T8 decrease) and a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity. PMID- 3492676 TI - Interferon-beta 2 living up to its name. PMID- 3492677 TI - Enhanced translation of chimaeric messenger RNAs containing a plant viral untranslated leader sequence. AB - Eukaryotic messenger RNAs are translated with unequal efficiencies in vivo and in vitro and the molecular basis of this phenomenon is not understood. As an approach to understanding the role of the 5' untranslated leader sequence in regulating mRNA translational efficiency, chimaeric mRNAs have been generated by joining a heterologous leader to complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences, followed by in vitro transcription using SP6 RNA polymerase and in vitro protein synthesis. We used the untranslated leader from the coat protein mRNA of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV RNA 4), a well-translated, highly competitive message, to replace the leader sequence of barley alpha-amylase (B alpha A) and human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) cDNAs. Deletion of transcribed vector sequences and replacement of the native untranslated region with the AMV RNA 4 leader can result in as much as a 35-fold increase in mRNA translational efficiency; moreover, the translational efficiency of the chimaeric mRNAs containing the AMV RNA 4 leader is at least as great as that of virion RNA 4. The results suggest that the chimaeric AMV-mRNAs have either a higher relative affinity or a diminished requirement for a limiting component(s) of the translational machinery; in addition, it may be feasible, through use of heterologous leader sequences, to increase expression of engineered genes or cDNAs without changing the antigenic or biological properties of the encoded protein. PMID- 3492679 TI - [New anti-rheumatism agents in old stomachs]. PMID- 3492678 TI - [LAV/HTLV-III infection among a group of homosexual men; prevalence and psychosocial factors]. PMID- 3492680 TI - [Open heart surgery in patients with terminal kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 3492681 TI - [Spatial perception and vestibulomotor reactions in man]. AB - Postural responses to transcutaneous galvanic stimulation of the right labyrinth were recorded by means of a stabilograph in normal human subjects in various head positions as well as under the illusion of head and trunk rotation induced by vibration of the gluteus maximum muscle. The direction of the vestibulo-motor response was determined by the position of the head: in a normal head position the body swayed in the frontal plane, whereas with the head turned 90 degrees it moved in the sagittal plane. During the illusory head and trunk 90 degrees rotation the responses were sagittally directed like those recorded in the real head-turned-sideways position. When the vibration did not induce the illusion of the head rotation with respect to the feet, the direction of the postural response was determined by the real head orientation. It is concluded that the spatial perception system is involved in the control of spatially oriented vestibulo-motor responses. PMID- 3492682 TI - Unusual case of dolichomegavertebrobasilar anomaly. CT and angiographic picture. Case report. PMID- 3492683 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor disrupts sensory responses of brain noradrenergic neurons. AB - In order to elucidate the possible role of noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) in stress responses, the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on LC neuronal activity were characterized. In haloth aneanesthetized rats, intracerebroventricular administration of CRF was found to have two distinct actions: A dose-dependent increase in spontaneous discharge activity was observed 3 min after peptide injection, with 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms CRF increasing activity by 7 +/- 2 and 47 +/- 12%, respectively; Ala14CRF (3.0 micrograms), an inactive analogue of CRF, had no effect on LC spontaneous discharge rates. These results confirm and extend previous studies of CRF activation of LC basal discharge activity; additionally, CRF (1.0 and 3.0 micrograms) disrupted sensory responses of LC cells to sciatic nerve stimulation. As previously reported, responses of LC neurons to electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve usually consisted of a brief activation beginning 20-40 ms after stimulus followed by a period of relatively suppressed activity lasting 100-200 ms. CRF attenuated both components. Responses plotted as normalized, cumulative histograms became more linear in the presence of CRF (1.0 and 3.0 micrograms), suggesting that discharge rates during phasic responses to sciatic stimulation were similar to spontaneous rates. Statistical comparison using the Kolmogorov Smirnoff test or correlation coefficients demonstrated that both 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms CRF reduced response components, while 0.3 micrograms and Ala14CRF (3.0 micrograms) had no effect. The degree of attenuation of LC sensory responses by CRF was not linearly related to the magnitude of CRF-induced increases in spontaneous discharge rate, suggesting that these are distinct effects of CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492684 TI - Angiotensin II potentiates corticotropin-releasing activity of CRF41 in rat anterior pituitary cells: mechanism of action. AB - In this work the ability of angiotensin II (AII) to potentiate the corticotropin releasing activity of ovine CRF41 (CRF) and the intracellular mechanism responsible for this effect are described. In perfused rat anterior pituitary cells, AII (10(-8)M) was found to potentiate the corticotropin-releasing activity of CRF producing a parallel shift of the dose-response curve. Similar results for ACTH release were observed in monolayer cell cultures. In this system, the concentration of cAMP was measured and was shown to be increased in the presence of CRF with a maximal value (2.5-fold greater than control) after 5-10 min incubation. On the other hand, AII at a dose inducing ACTH release (10(-7)M), had no effect on basal cAMP concentration, but when given simultaneously with CRF, potentiated the CRF-induced cAMP production (1.9-fold greater than CRF value). These results indicate that AII potentiates the corticotropin-releasing activity of CRF and that this effect is preceded by a similar increase in the CRF-induced cAMP production. PMID- 3492685 TI - Advances in genitourinary neurostimulation. AB - The author reviews experience with genitourinary stimulation. Neurostimulation is of most benefit in spastic patients. Experience with sacral root stimulation is discussed. Complete bladder evacuation can be achieved with a combination of selectively placed neurectomies and strategically positioned electrodes. PMID- 3492686 TI - Successful intraspinal extradural sacral nerve stimulation for bladder emptying in a victim of traumatic spinal cord transection. AB - This report concerns a patient with a functionally complete spinal cord transection due to trauma at T-6. Her clinical syndrome of a motor and sensory paraplegia was accompanied by hyperreflexic detrusor dysfunction. Radiofrequency coupled bilateral stimulation of the 3rd sacral nerves in their intraspinal but extradural course achieved reliable, effective emptying of the bladder. This single case suggest that successful stimulation of the sacral neural outflow may not require intrathecal placement of stimulating electrodes, sensory rhizotomy, or pudendal neurotomy. PMID- 3492687 TI - Hemifacial spasm due to cerebellopontine angle lipoma: case report. AB - We report the unique case of a patient with hemifacial spasm caused by a lipoma of the cerebellopontine angle, which was identified preoperatively by CT and MRI. Surgery resulted in complete resolution of facial spasm. PMID- 3492688 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients after heart surgery]. PMID- 3492689 TI - [Diprivan (ICI 35,868): a new induction agent for general anesthesia]. PMID- 3492690 TI - Neuromelanic pigment in substantia nigra neurons of rats and dogs. AB - The presence of neuromelanic pigment in neurons of the rat substantia nigra (SN) is a matter of controversy. The presence of neuromelanin in the SN of 15--24 month-old rats was investigated by electron microscopy (EM) and the findings compared to the morphology and distribution of neuromelanin in SN of dogs. In the rat, EM examination revealed a few small, evenly distributed neuromelanic granules in only 5% of nigral neurons. Dogs of 1 year of age showed a similar pattern; however, SN from adult and aged dogs exhibited abundant and larger neuromelanin granules which were also detectable by light microscopy. It is concluded that scanty neuromelanin is detectable by EM in rat SN and that the content of this pigment increases with age. The documented paucity of neuromelanin in rat SN neurons may explain why higher doses and longer treatment with MPTP is required in rats to obtain biochemical and behavioral signs of nigrostriatal dysfunction in this species. PMID- 3492691 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment decreases dopamine and increases lipofuscin in mouse retina. AB - The compound 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a relatively selective neurotoxin that destroys dopamine (DA)-containing nigrostriatal neurons. We have now studied the effects of MPTP on retinal dopaminergic neurons. Acute treatment resulted in the accumulation of DA when evaluated by direct chemical analysis or histofluorescence. Chronic treatment resulted in a decrease of DA, an apparent loss of fluorescent cells, and a striking increase of lipofuscin in the retina. Thus, MPTP may be a useful drug for studying the dopaminergic neuronal system of retina and the possible link between neurons and the accumulation of lipofuscin. PMID- 3492693 TI - Volumetric measurements in endotoxic shock using single photon emission tomography (SPET). AB - In 25 sheep organ volumes were determined using single photon emission tomography (SPET) prior to and during early endotoxic shock. The tracer used was in vitro 99Tcm-labelled red blood cells. The comparisons between the SPET volumes with the different lower threshold (LT) settings and the 'true' weighed organ volumes were done. The correlation coefficient of -0.87 was found between the LT and the 'true' liver volume and same for the spleen was -0.87. The LT-volume correction curves were used to determine the correct SPET volumes. Thus the accuracy of the liver volume lies within +/- 8%, the splenic volume within +/- 13% and that for the kidney volume +/- 19%. A highly significant decrease of the splenic volume was found 1 h after the induction of endotoxic shock, from 178 +/- 55 ml (mean +/ S.D.) to 101 +/- 25 ml. The kidney volume also decreased from 102 +/- 28 to 78 +/- 19 ml (p less than 0.05), whereas the liver volume remained nearly unchanged (796 +/- 219 versus 761 +/- 165 ml). The SPET study allows measurement of the organ volumes in vivo and the results are reliable when compared to the 'true' volumes. However, the proper LT-settings for organ contour are volume dependent and must be taken into account. PMID- 3492692 TI - Sensitivity of clinical bacterial isolates to Timentin (ticarcillin/clavulanic acid) PMID- 3492694 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pregnancy: association of type IV disease with maternal death. AB - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder known to be associated with complications during pregnancy. Recently, the syndrome has been subdivided into a number of types with different clinical manifestations. We report a maternal death with type IV, and review the literature for obstetric complications of the syndrome by type. A very high risk of maternal death with type IV is identified. Recommendations for managing pregnancies complicated by EDS are given. PMID- 3492695 TI - Diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis: a case study with pregnancy complicated by intrapartum hemorrhage. AB - Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus is a rarely reported condition which has been implicated as a cause of infertility and menorrhagia. We report the first documented case of pregnancy in the presence of this disorder. The course was complicated by cervical incompetence, spontaneous premature rupture of membranes, delivery by cesarean section, and intrapartum hemorrhage necessitating hysterectomy. The literature is reviewed and the clinical significance of this lesion discussed. Finally, speculations are made on the nature of this disorder. PMID- 3492697 TI - Epidermal growth factor increases tensile strength during wound healing. AB - Twenty pigmented rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were employed. Under operating microscope control, a Graefe knife was used to perform a 6-mm-long perforating incision in the central cornea. The operated eye which showed a stimulation unit at 4 ng X ml-1 on rat 3T3 cells in 10 rabbits was treated locally with sterile PBS, and on day 30 the rabbits were sacrificed and the operated eye enucleated. The central cornea was excised using a cutting template 10 X 3 mm, with the long axis perpendicular to the center of the experimental wound. The tensile strength was determined by measuring the force of rupture of the wounds using a dynamometer. The results indicate that epidermal growth factor significantly (p less than 0.001) increased corneal wound tensile strength after the first month of healing. PMID- 3492696 TI - Intravenous therapy of metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Metronidazole resistance is an uncommon cause of treatment failure of Trichomonas vaginalis. High-dose intravenous metronidazole was used successfully to treat a patient in whom repeated oral therapy with this agent had failed. Metronidazole resistance was documented by aerobic cultures for susceptibility; anaerobic cultures failed to indicate resistance. Metronidazole serum levels were documented. With failure of repeated oral therapy, intravenous metronidazole may be indicated if there is no evidence of other causes for treatment failure, such as patient noncompliance or reinfection. PMID- 3492698 TI - [Amplitude-modulated pulse therapy of lumbar osteochondrosis]. PMID- 3492699 TI - Compulsive thalamic self-stimulation: a case with metabolic, electrophysiologic and behavioral correlates. AB - A 48-year-old woman with a stimulating electrode implanted in the right thalamic nucleus ventralis posterolateralis developed compulsive self-stimulation associated with erotic sensations and changes in autonomic and neurologic function. Stimulation effects were evaluated by neuropsychologic testing, endocrine studies, positron emission tomographic measurements of regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, EEG and evoked potentials. During stimulation, vital signs and pupillary diameter increased and a left hemiparesis and left hemisensory loss developed. Verbal functions deteriorated and visuospatial processing improved. Plasma growth hormone concentrations decreased, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol levels rose. With stimulation, glucose metabolism increased in both thalami and both hemispheres, reversing baseline right-sided hypometabolism and right-left asymmetries. EEG and both somatosensory and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials remained unchanged during stimulation, while visual evoked potentials revealed evidence of anterior visual pathway dysfunction in the left eye. This case establishes the potential for addiction to deep brain stimulation and demonstrates that widespread behavioral and physiological changes, with concomitant alteration in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, may accompany unilateral thalamic stimulation. PMID- 3492700 TI - Reflections on the intensive care of 106 acute cervical spinal cord injury patients in the resuscitation unit of a general traumatology centre. AB - This presentation deals with an 11 year survey of 106 cervical spinal cord injuries, admitted immediately after injury or during the very acute phase, to the Traumatology Resuscitation Unit of Colmar, (France). A preliminary report concerning 51 patients was published in 1979. The follow-up study concerns a further 55 cervical spinal cord injured patients admitted from January 1979 to December 1984. The emphasis of our presentation concerns the frequency of some of the main complications and their attempted prevention: the haemodynamic disturbances caused by over-hydration; the prevention of haemorrhagic stress ulcers is not only by the use of specific drugs, but mainly by immediate intravenous adequate caloric nutrition. This can be associated with, or followed as soon as possible by, an adapted caloric diet, possibly by a naso-gastric tube. For serious respiratory complications, artificial ventilation even for long periods as discussed, by nasal intubation or in some patients tracheotomy. PMID- 3492701 TI - Differences in drug susceptibility between isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis and other sources and its relationship to beta-lactamase focusing pattern. AB - Pseudomonas cepacia, a significant pulmonary pathogen among children with cystic fibrosis (CF), often possesses an inducible beta-lactamase. The beta-lactamase isoelectric focusing pattern and beta-lactam susceptibility of CF and non-CF isolates of P. cepacia were compared. Against all of the test strains, ceftazidime and piperacillin were more effective than aztreonam. More CF isolates were resistant to 8 micrograms/ml of ceftazidime than non-CF isolates. Isoelectric focusing of cefoxitin-induced, cell-free preparations of the CF isolates produced significantly more bands than comparable preparations of non-CF isolates. Organisms producing a beta-lactamase band that focused in the pH range of 8.5 to 8.7 were significantly more resistant to 8 micrograms/ml of ceftazidime than other isolates. The increased resistance of CF isolates of P. cepacia to ceftazidime may be the result of the production of a specific bacterial beta lactamase. PMID- 3492702 TI - Prospective surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Dallas County, Texas, and in Minnesota. AB - Among children less than 12 years of age residing in Dallas County, Texas, and in the state of Minnesota we conducted prospective, active surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease. During 18 months, 616 cases were identified, of which 600 were caused by type b organisms. The annual incidence of disease was significantly greater in Dallas than in Minnesota (109 v 68/100,000 children younger than 5 years of age, P less than .001) and was greater in Dallas, even when rates for white children in the two regions were compared (P less than .001). Other regional differences were observed. In Dallas, a larger proportion of cases were in children attending day-care centers (27% compared with 12% in Minnesota, P less than .001) and more patients attended day care for greater than 40 h/wk (56% compared with 30% in Minnesota, P less than .001). Outer membrane protein subtyping of isolates revealed that in Dallas 6U isolates were associated significantly with cases in black children who attended day care. In Minnesota, but not in Dallas, isolates with subtype 1H were associated significantly with cases in children in day care. These data indicate that there are regional differences in the epidemiology of type b Haemophilus disease that may relate to differences in strains, day-care practices, or other unknown cultural or environmental factors. Finally, because only 15% of systemic Haemophilus disease in these regions occurred in children in the age groups recommended for vaccination (24 to 59 months), the new Haemophilus type b polysaccharide vaccine is expected to have a limited impact on the overall incidence of disease. PMID- 3492703 TI - Health, developmental, and nutritional status of adolescent alcohol and marijuana abusers. AB - The impact of alcohol and marijuana abuse on the physical health and nutritional status of adolescents has not been well documented. The health consequences of alcoholism and chemical abuse in adults may not relate to the pediatric population. Forty-nine adolescent boys (mean age 15.8 years) with varying degrees of alcohol and marijuana use by self-report were evaluated as to their general health, pubertal development and nutritional status using health and dietary history, physical examination, anthropometrics, and biochemical assays of liver function and tissue nutrients. Thirteen (27%) were alcohol and marijuana abusers, 20 (41%) marijuana abusers, and 16 (32%) nonusers. There were significant differences between alcohol and marijuana abusers and marijuana abusers compared to nonusers with respect to endorsing symptoms of nutritional deficiency (muscle weakness, bleeding gums, tiredness, etc) (P less than .001). There were no significant differences between subgroups in other nutritional measures except plasma zinc concentration which was low in marijuana abusers (mean 85 micrograms/dL). All adolescents reported consuming adequate nutrients, although alcohol and marijuana abusers reported eating more snack foods and less fruit, vegetables, and milk than other groups. There were no significant differences in hematologic status (complete blood cell count, transferrin, folate), liver function (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), or anthropometric and sexual maturational indices of growth. There were no chronic signs of chemical abuse by physical examinations. It appears that health and nutritional disability from chemical abuse in adolescents relates more to poor dietary habits and symptomatic deterioration in general health than to specific effects on growth or nutritional status. Studies with larger numbers of subjects need to document these findings. PMID- 3492704 TI - [Experimental study of direct current treatment using the vascular catheterization technic]. PMID- 3492705 TI - [Detection of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins by cytofluorography]. AB - In this report the authors describe a method of cell permeabilisation compatible with flow cytometry. To maintain cell integrity, lysolecithin is used. This method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. Control tests demonstrated no non specific fluorescence due to lysolecithin treatment. This technique was used in several cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to detect intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins and monoclonality and in one case of multiple myeloma. PMID- 3492706 TI - The murine interleukin 1 beta gene: structure and evolution. AB - We have isolated from a genomic library a murine recombinant clone containing the gene coding for interleukin-1 beta m-RNA. A 7000 b.p. DNA fragment has been sequenced. Sequences homologous with human IL-1 beta cDNA have been found distributed within 7 exons. The translation of these sequences allows the prediction of a protein 269 aminoacids long. Hybridization of P388D1 RNA from cells stimulated with phorbol myristic acetate with a genomic DNA probe shows the existence of a 1.6 Kb murine IL-1 beta mRNA which is absent in the unstimulated cells. The comparative analysis between the murine IL-1 beta and the human IL-1 alpha genes shows extreme conservation of the aminoacids at the exon junctions. This observation together with the similarity in number and size of the exons suggests that these genes have diverged from a common ancestor. PMID- 3492708 TI - Heterophil-negative infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome. PMID- 3492709 TI - [Efficacy of BCG vaccination and tuberculosis infection rate among young children]. PMID- 3492707 TI - Cerebral infarction complicating Fontan surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - We report on four children who had cerebral vascular events in the first three months after the Fontan procedure for complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. Potential risk factors in these children included congestive heart failure, postoperative thrombocytosis, and cardiac arrhythmias. These cases suggest that children who undergo Fontan surgery may be at increased risk for cerebral infarction. PMID- 3492710 TI - [Effect of preventive and social factors on tuberculin test positivity in children]. PMID- 3492711 TI - [Role of the phthisio-pediatrician in organizing antituberculosis services to children]. PMID- 3492712 TI - [Clinical picture and differential diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 3492713 TI - [Features of the diagnosis and course of tuberculosis among children not vaccinated with BCG]. PMID- 3492714 TI - [Prevention and early diagnosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3492715 TI - IL-2 modulation of murine T-cell oncogene expression. AB - C-myb, a cellular oncogene associated with normal thymic development, was found to be highly expressed in four interleukin 2 (IL-2)-independent T-cell lines, but not in two of three IL-2-dependent T-cell lines. The IL-2-dependent lines, HT2 and CTLL-2, were found to have low levels of c-myb mRNA in the presence of IL-2. However, short-term IL-2 depletion resulted in at least fivefold increases in c myb message. Add-back of IL-2 after 30 hr IL-2 depletion of CTLL-2 cells resulted in return to baseline low-level c-myb mRNA. Expression of the oncogenes myc, bas, raf, and abl as well as the T-cell genes Thy-1 and CT beta did not parallel that of c-myb. These studies indicate that removal of a growth factor can result in increased levels of a specific cellular oncogene and that two nuclear protooncogenes (c-myb and c-myc) are expressed differentially during cell growth. These results may help to explain aspects of intrathymic T-cell differentiation where there is very high c-myb expression in the face of limiting amounts of growth factors such as IL-2. PMID- 3492716 TI - Approaches to overcome in vivo anti-cancer drug resistance. AB - Therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs against malignant diseases is limited because of the selection and regrowth of drug resistant cells. This problem is compounded by the development of cross-resistance to other useful chemotherapeutic agents which severely limits treatment alternatives. Development of approaches to overcome and/or circumvent drug resistance will depend on the precise understanding of the mechanism(s) of resistance not only at the target tumor cell level (in vitro) but also in vivo. The data on L1210 sensitive to araC transplanted s.c. demonstrated that although target cells are highly sensitive to araC, the lack of in vivo response of solid L1210 cells (s.c.) is primarily due to limited drug delivery to the target. Approaches that would modify these processes should improve on the therapeutic selectivity of this agent. In contrast, in cells where the mechanism of resistance is deletion of a key anabolic enzyme (e.g. CdR kinase), these cells are collaterally sensitive in vitro and in vivo to DAUR. This type of resistance, however, could not be overcome by liposome encapsulation of araC or araCTP. With respect to AM resistance, the concentration of VRP for in vitro reversal of resistance of P 388/AM was difficult to achieve in vivo without significant host toxicity. Continuous infusion of VRP, however, demonstrated that at the maximally tolerated doses of VRP it was not possible to achieve any significant therapeutic effects against P-388/AM. The use of liposomes or modulation by VRP does not appear to be a fruitful approach in overcoming AM resistance, especially in cells which possess a high degree of resistance. Metabolic modulation of FU by dLCF appears to be a promising area of investigation and deserves further investigation concerning quantitation of the intracellular pools of folate and ways to modulate them. PMID- 3492717 TI - TSH-EGF cooperation in the FRTL5 thyroid cell growth stimulation. PMID- 3492718 TI - High intensity electrical stimulation effect on thigh musculature during immobilization for knee sprain. A case report. AB - We conducted high intensity electrical stimulation of the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle groups daily during a three-week period of lower extremity cast immobilization for an athlete who sustained Grade II medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligament sprains. Thigh muscle hypertrophy of the injured (stimulated) leg was suggested by an increase in girth measurement on the day of cast removal. Three weeks after cast removal, single-leg, vertical-leap height was 92% of that accomplished by the dominant, uninjured leg, and the patient was able to return to athletic competition. This case report documents the usefulness of high intensity electrical stimulation for maintaining limb motor function during cast immobilization. Limb stabilization during stimulation and simultaneous excitation of agonist-antagonist muscle pairs also are discussed. PMID- 3492719 TI - Interferential current news. PMID- 3492720 TI - Membrane lipid layers vs. polarized water dominated by fixed ions: a comparative study of the effects of three macrocyclic ionophores on the K+ permeability of frog skeletal muscle, frog ovarian eggs, and human erythrocytes. AB - The effects of 10(-7) M valinomycin, nonactin, and monactin on human erythrocytes, frog sartorius muscle, and frog ovarian oocytes in the presence of varying external K+ concentration were studied. The results showed essentially a consistent but relatively modest increase of the K+ permeability constant in cm/sec with all three antibiotics on human erythrocytes. No change in response to any one of the antibiotics was observed in frog muscles or in frog ovarian eggs. These results and reports of similar failure to demonstrate ionophore-mediated increase of K+ permeability in squid axon and inner membrane of the liver mitochondria led to the conclusion that lipid membrane barrier to ionic traffic may be significant in the human erythrocytes but even here one must regard the evidence as tentative. In contrast, for the majority of other cell types studied, the data indicate the primary, if not exclusive route of ion traffic, is via the nonlipid component of the cell membrane. The evidence that these nonlipid paths are the fixed charge-polarized water layer complex and that they cover much of the cell surface of many types of living cells was discussed. PMID- 3492721 TI - Cooperative interaction among surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups mediating the permeation of ions into frog muscle cells. AB - A new equation for the ion permeation into living cells is described. This equation, differs from earlier ones, in that cooperative interaction among the fixed surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups mediating ion entry via the adsorption-desorption route is taken into account. Results of a single set of experiments describing labeled Cs+ into frog sartorius muscles at 0 degree C affirms the existence of the predicted cooperative interaction which endows the cell membrane and other organelles with a mechanism for coherence and control. PMID- 3492722 TI - [A case of paranoid syndrome in a patient with intracranial tumor]. PMID- 3492723 TI - Methionine enkephalin: immunomodulator in normal volunteers (in vivo). PMID- 3492724 TI - [Cloning of murine B- and T-lymphocytes in vitro after the long-term action of tritium oxide]. AB - The cloning method was used to study the content of B- and T-lymphocyte committed precursors in central and peripheral organs of the immune system of mice at different times after long-term exposure to tritium oxide (a cumulative dose of approximately 9 Gy). It was shown that recovery of the colony-forming ability of the committed lymphocyte precursors was different in central and peripheral lymphoid organs; the dynamics and degree of restoration of the pools of B--(CFU- LB) and T--(CFU--LT) lymphocyte precursors were different. PMID- 3492726 TI - Radiation dose to personnel working with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). PMID- 3492725 TI - The role of radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal bleeding in children. PMID- 3492727 TI - Amblyopia: prevalent, curable, neglected. PMID- 3492728 TI - [Activity of serum granulocyte-macrophage colony formation regulators in alcoholism]. PMID- 3492729 TI - Kinetics of four 11C-labelled enkephalin peptides in the brain, pituitary and plasma of rhesus monkeys. AB - The kinetics of four 11C-labelled enkephalin peptides: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (Met enkephalin), Tyr-D-Met-Gly-Phe-Pro-NH2 [D-Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide), Tyr-D-Ala Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 (DALA) and Tyr-D-Ala-D-Ala-Phe-Met-NH2 (TAAFM) all labelled at the methyl group of methionine was studied in the Rhesus monkey. After intravenous administration, the regional kinetics in the head, lungs, liver and kidneys were followed by means of positron emission tomography (PET). The total radioactivity in blood and urine was measured and the composition of 11C-labelled peptide fragments in plasma in vivo and in vitro was analysed by liquid chromatography. With PET, an increased radioactivity was observed in the brain and pituitary over the 60-90 min investigation period after i.v. injection of the peptides. The highest radioactivities were noted for Met-enkephalin, followed by DALA and D-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide, while very low radioactivities were found for TAAFM. The uptake of Met-enkephalin- and DALA-derived radioactivity was of the same order as has previously been shown for morphine in the brain and considerably higher than that of D-Met2,Pro5-enkephalinamide and TAAFM, respectively. A large fraction of the brain radioactivity derived from Met enkephalin and DALA probably emanated from [11C]methionine as indicated by plasma and urine analysis. Met-Enkephalin was rapidly eliminated from plasma in vitro with an half-life of less than two minutes, whereas DALA was stable suggesting clearance by other tissues than plasma. In conclusion, both Met-enkephalin and DALA, were rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo to [11C]methionine. [11C]Methionine was probably taken up in the brain, as the radioactivity increased with time in different brain regions as measured with PET.D-Met2,Pro5-Enkephalinamide and TAAFM were virtually stable in vivo and at least part of the radioactivity observed in the brain may have represented the intact peptide. PMID- 3492730 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor elicits naloxone sensitive stress-like alterations in exploratory behavior in mice. AB - A multicompartment chamber was used to study the investigatory behavior of mice in a novel environment. Restraint stress, subcutaneous morphine (1.75 mg/kg), and ICV corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 75 ng) each produced a decreased mean time per contact with novel stimuli. The effect of all three treatments was antagonized by a dose of naloxone that by itself had no significant behavioral effects (0.7-0.75 mg/kg). Naloxone alone at a higher dose (1.25 mg/kg), increased the mean time per contact with the stimuli. These results confirm previous reports of the effects of opiates and stress on this behavior in rats. The similarity of the effects of CRF and stress on the behavioral response to this chamber supports the possibility that CRF may act in the central nervous system to mediate certain behavioral responses in stress. PMID- 3492731 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow measurement in brain tumors]. AB - The regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined on seventeen patients with brain tumors. Ring type single photon emission CT (SPECT) was used following intravenous injection of 133Xe. Case materials included eleven meningiomas and six malignant gliomas. Evaluation was performed with emphasis on the following points; Correlation of the flow data within tumors to the angiographic tumor stains, Influence of tumors on the cerebral blood flow of the normal brain tissue, Correlation between degree of peripheral edema and the flow data of the affected hemispheres. There was significant correlation between flow data within tumors and angiographic tumor stains in meningiomas. Influence of tumors on cerebral blood flow of the normal tissue was greater in meningiomas than in gliomas. There was negative correlation between the degree of peripheral edema and the flow data of the affected hemisphere. It has been concluded that the measurement of CBF in brain tumors is a valuable method in evaluation of brain tumors. PMID- 3492732 TI - [SPECT images using a multislice fan beam collimator]. AB - Several methods to improve the image resolution of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) occur to us. It is one method to use multislice fan beam collimators which have the parallel collimation along the cephalic-caudul axis of a patient and the conversing collimation within planes parpendicular to that axis. It is impossible to obtain corrective image when we used the algorithm which is commonly used for reconstruction of SPECT images. We proposed a reconstruction algorithm for multislice fan beam collimator in this paper. An interpolation method developed for fan beam type X-ray CT was modified to reconstruct images from SPECT with multislice fan beam collimator. This algorithm was confirmed by means of computer simulation studies. Beside improving the system resolution by effectively reducing the intrinsic resolution of the cameras, this collimator also increases the system sensitivity by utilizing a large fraction of the crystal area. We have thought that to use multislice fan beam collimator is beneficial for SPECT images. PMID- 3492733 TI - [A simulation study to evaluate the statistical noise and spatial resolution in image reconstruction of emission computed tomography--with respect to the optimization of the filter function in the convolution integral]. AB - Filtered backprojection method has been commonly used to reconstruct images in the field of the computed tomography (CT). However, in the emission CT such as positron and single photon CT, poor counting static which are caused by limited dosage to patients, limited counting rate capacity and limited efficiency of the imaging device, produce a statistical noise in the reconstructed image. The magnitude of the statistical noise and the spatial resolution were evaluated for various shapes of the filter used in the convolution integrals of the filtered back-projection procedure. The statistical noise was proportional to the inverse of the root of the total number of counts for any filters. The high-frequency-cut characteristic of the filter reduced the statistical noise, but increased the spatial resolution in the images. It was possible to optimize the shape of the filter for given total number of counts and required statistical noise and spatial resolution. PMID- 3492734 TI - [Importance of blood and its components in the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus]. PMID- 3492735 TI - [Complications of diverticular disease of the colon observed in the Hospital Santo Tomas 1967-1982]. PMID- 3492736 TI - [Quality controls for the gamma camera with single photon emission tomography]. AB - Some tests and quality controls to assess the initial conditions and the working performance of a SPET system (Single Photon Emission Tomography), are described. Suitable tomographic phantoms were designed and built. We outline the methods to check MTF, stability of the photoelectric peak, centre of rotation, spatial uniformity, spatial resolution, sensitivity. NEMA tests should first be carried out to check the planar scintigraphic performance of the gamma-camera. This study allows to comprehensively evaluate the qualitative and quantitative performance of the SPET system and the correct check frequency of investigated parameters. PMID- 3492737 TI - [Study of cerebral metabolism and blood flow in partial complex epilepsy and status epilepticus in man using positron emission tomography]. AB - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with the oxygen-15 steady state inhalation technique was used to provide quantitative values of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen consumption (CMRO2) and oxygen extraction ratio (OER) in 25 patients with partial complex seizures during the interictal state, in 1 patient with recurrent temporal seizures and in 3 patients whose EEGs were characterized by periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). Interictal scans showed temporal zone(s) of hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in 80% of patients with normal X-ray CT Scan. In all cases, ictal scans revealed a focal or multifocal increase in CBF and CMRO2. The localization of the most affected regions correlated well with the spatial distribution of the EEG abnormalities. Comparison of the different values of CBF, CMRO2 and OER showed that the increase in perfusion always exceeded that of oxygen consumption and hence was accompanied by a significant decrease in OER, the latter was always the most prominent in the region of the focus determined by serial EEG recordings. The observed imbalance between blood flow and oxidative glucose metabolism could suggest an impairment of O2 utilization by the mitochondria in the epilepticus focus during seizures or status epilepticus. PMID- 3492738 TI - [A case of aortitis syndrome with left coronary ostial stenosis treated by aorto coronary bypass grafting]. PMID- 3492739 TI - [Spontaneous intraparietal hematoma of the stomach. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3492740 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis and hypocomplementemia]. PMID- 3492741 TI - [Recurrent Sydenham's chorea: a rare manifestation of rheumatic disease]. PMID- 3492742 TI - [Value of simultaneous determinations of alpha-amylase and pancreatic lipase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3492743 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of lower digestive hemorrhage in children]. PMID- 3492744 TI - [Hemiataxia and ipsilateral sensory deficit. Infarct in the area of the anterior choroidal artery. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis]. AB - A 58 year old hypertensive man suffered an acute right-sided hemiataxia associated with painful hypoesthesia. CT showed an infarct in the territory of the left anterior choroidal artery. The sensory defect involved all the elementary modes, but predominated on pain sensation. The ataxia suggested a cerebellar type of dysfunction, with hypermetria, intentional tremor, dysdiadochokinesia and a positive rebound phenomenon. There was no hemiparesis, no hemianopia, no neuropsychological dysfunction and no oculomotor abnormality. Hemiataxia with hemisensory defect has not been reported in stroke, and it constitutes a new clinical form of lacunar syndrome. The hemiataxia may be related to the finding on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123 I-amphetamine of a crossed cerebellar diaschisis, which may suggest a transneuronal deactivation. This metabolic depression may have been due to involvement of the temporo-parieto-pontine bundle of Turck in the retro and sub lenticular portion of the internal capsule. The finding of a normal cortical blood flow may explain why no neuropsychological impairment was present, because of the absence of functional deactivation of the cortex by the underlying deep infarct. PMID- 3492747 TI - When the patient suffers from esophageal bleeding. PMID- 3492748 TI - [Treatment of auricular fibrillation and flutter]. PMID- 3492745 TI - Spontaneous immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral mononuclear cells in active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Spontaneous production of immunoglobulins (Igs) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro was investigated to assess B cell activity in a group of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without active joint disease and with or without rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) at the time of study. PBMC of patients with active arthritis (Ritchie index above 16) produced significantly more IgG and IgA than those of patients with inactive joint disease or those of 12 healthy controls. Enhanced production of IgG was found mainly among RA patients with concomitant RV, whereas markedly enhanced IgA production could also be found in patients without symptoms of RV. IgM production was only enhanced in two patients who had both active arthritis and RV. High production of IgG and IgA was probably due to increased numbers of Ig-secreting cells among freshly isolated PBMC, since the concentrations of Ig produced in vitro rose steadily, starting on day 0 and persisting throughout the entire culture period. Moreover, IgG and IgA concentrations measured after 7 days of culture showed significant correlations with the numbers of IgG- and IgA-containing plasma cells in PBMC on day 0. Comparison of the spontaneous production of Igs by PBMC with the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), showed that CIC levels were also significantly higher in active arthritis and in RV, but that there was no correlation between the CIC levels in individual patients and Ig production by their PBMC in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492746 TI - Relationship between serum ferritin, iron stores and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Bone marrow aspirate from the sternum of 40 patients with active or inactive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was stained with Perls' Prussian blue for iron determination. In these patients serum ferritin concentrations were correlated with other indices of iron stores and disease activity. In patients with active RA and without bone marrow iron stores, serum ferritin was significantly lower than in patients with either active or inactive RA and iron stores. In patients with bone marrow iron stores, serum ferritin was directly correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Ritchie index, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein and desferrioxamine (DFO)-induced sideruria, while an inverse correlation of serum ferritin with hemoglobin and serum iron was observed. In all patients serum ferritin was significantly correlated only with DFO-induced sideruria and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC). Thus, serum ferritin is an index of iron stores also in rheumatoid arthritis. In active disease, higher than expected values of serum ferritin are probably due to a shifting of iron from the circulating pool to the reticuloendothelial cells of the synovial membrane. PMID- 3492749 TI - [Radical methods of treating tachycardia]. PMID- 3492750 TI - [Typhoid fever. Prevention and treatment]. PMID- 3492753 TI - Endogenous inhibitors of human granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells in vitro are inactivated by free radical scavengers. AB - Granulocyte/macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC) require colony stimulating factors (CSF) for growth in vitro. Crude preparations of CSF also contain inhibitors. To investigate whether this inhibition involves free radicals, the following scavenging agents were tested on human GM-CFC grown in agar: cysteine, reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, sodium selenite, alpha-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbic acid. All except ascorbic acid and catalase had enhancing and stabilising effects on colony formation. The colonies also contained more cells but no changes in cell composition were detected. Cysteine, the most extensively tested substance, was active at concentrations present in body fluids and enhanced colony formation without an exogenous source of CSF. Our results are consistent with an imbalance between the production and removal of free radicals generated in the human GM-CFC assay in vitro. This hampers investigation of regulators of granulopoiesis and results in underestimation of GM-CFC, but can be alleviated by the addition of free radical scavengers. PMID- 3492752 TI - Significance of in vitro cultures in myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - Bone marrow samples from 20 controls, 41 patients suffering from various types of myelodysplasia and 19 suffering from ANLL were investigated by in vitro cultures. The cultures were stimulated by various concentrations of leucocyte conditioned medium (LCM) and PHA-stimulated conditioned medium (PCM) and were examined after 7 and 14 d. We found that, in clinically stable MDS, growth patterns and dose response to CM's were mostly within the normal range. With progressive blastic transformation, these features became abnormal with an increase in cluster growth. Clusters responding to a high dose of LCM, persisting after 14 d and enhanced by PCM may represent 'early' clonogenic cells. These clusters were found in progressive MDS with increased numbers of blast cells. Clusters formed by 'late' clonogenic cells were found in normal bone marrow and stable MDS. In ANLL the disturbance of proliferation and maturation seems to be much more pronounced than in progressive MDS with blastic transformation. We conclude that the interpretation of in vitro bone marrow culture data in terms of a disorderly arrangement of clonogenic cells in MDS and ANLL is facilitated by comparing different conditioned medium stimulations and by scoring after different time intervals. PMID- 3492754 TI - Functional T-cell assays: artefactual results following lymphocyte separation by differential centrifugation. PMID- 3492751 TI - Domperidone-induced increase in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure does not affect azygos blood flow in patients with cirrhosis. AB - An increase in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure induced by domperidone has previously been reported to decrease superior portosystemic collateral flow in patients with portal hypertension owing to cirrhosis. Although a 10-mg intravenous dose of domperidone was effective in increasing lower oesophageal sphincter tone in a group of six patients with cirrhosis, the same dose failed to affect azygos blood flow in a matched group of six patients. The results do not support the hypothesis that an increase in lower oesophageal sphincter tone can decrease flow through oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 3492755 TI - Immunoregulatory lymphokines in rheumatoid joints. I. Search for interleukin 2 in synovial fluid. AB - Since there have been conflicting findings about the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we decided to study this subject ourselves. In a sensitive assay utilizing CTLL-2 as indicator cells, no IL-2-like activity was found in SF from any of the 15 RA patients studied. Treatment of SF with hyaluronidase, dialysation, heating to 56 degrees C for 1 h, preincubation of CTLL-2 with SF prior to washing and incubation all resulted in no detection of any IL-2. SF itself did not inhibit the CTLL-2 assay. Failure to detect IL-2 may to some extent be explained by in vivo absorption of any IL-2 by IL-2 receptor-positive T cells in SF. The failure is discussed along with new evidence from various reports suggesting that impaired IL-2 production by activated T cells may be a feature of several autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3492756 TI - The roles of influenza virus haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein in protection: analysis using vaccinia virus recombinants. AB - Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing haemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) from influenza virus A/PR/8/34 were used to investigate protective immunity in mice, with two protocols. Protection was assessed by mortality and morbidity rates and by lung virus titres after infection intranasally with A/PR/8/34. In the first protocol, mice immunized with vaccinia-HA recombinant virus and infected intranasally with A/PR/8/34 were almost totally protected, but mice immunized with vaccinia-NP virus were very poorly protected. In the second protocol, the recombinant viruses were used to stimulate in vitro T cells that are specific for HA and NP; both populations of T cells, when transferred to A/PR/8/34-infected mice, afforded good protection. The results indicate that an immune response specific for just HA provided protection that was almost indistinguishable from that provided by whole A/PR/8/34. On the other hand, immunization with vaccinia-NP provided poor protective immunity, despite the fact that transferred NP-specific T cells were very effective and vaccinia-NP immunization has previously been shown to stimulate cytotoxic T cells. These results demonstrate that a single viral antigen, delivered by live vaccinia virus, can provide effective protection, but that immunization for cross protection against heterologous influenza virus remains elusive. PMID- 3492757 TI - Vaccination-induced circulation of human B cells secreting type-specific antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides. AB - Indirect plaque-forming cell assays detecting B cells secreting antibodies against capsular pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) antigens are described. In healthy adult volunteers the total number of B cells secreting IgM antibodies against the antigens in a polyvalent PPS vaccine reached a maximum in the blood 6 days after in vivo immunization (mean: 552/10(6) mononuclear cells), whereas the highest concentration of IgG and IgA antibody-secreting cells (SC) were detected 7 days after immunization (means: 628 and 1691/10(6]. B cells secreting antibodies to PPS type 3 (PPS3), PPS8, PPS18C and C-polysaccharide (CPS)--a cell wall antigen common to all pneumococci--constituted 9%, 16%, 6% and 5% (means) of the total number of antibody SC respectively. While the majority of the anti-PPS SC secreted IgA antibodies, the anti-CPS-SC almost exclusively secreted IgG. Pre vaccination concentrations of anti-PPS were generally low in contrast to antibodies against CPS, which were present in high concentrations in all individuals. The discrepancy in the Ig class of the antibody SC is probably related to the difference in the pre-vaccination immunity against PPS and CPS. PMID- 3492758 TI - Pneumocystis carinii in human lungs at autopsy. AB - To get some information about the prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii in the Danish population we have examined autopsy lung biopsies from patients at 2 large hospitals in Copenhagen, Righospitalet (RH) and Finseninstituttet (F), in a 5 year period from 1979 to 1984. Imprints made from the biopsies were stained with the toluidine blue O method and examined microscopically for pneumocysts. A total of 1762 patients were examined and pneumocysts found in 83 (4.7%); at RH 54 (4.9%) of 1106 patients and at F29 (4.4%) of 656 patients. A possible influence of certain climatic factors on the prevalence of pneumocysts in humans was shown: low temperature, low vapour pressure and low relative humidity seem to be correlated with low prevalence of pneumocysts. The general use of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in the hospitals may possibly influence the prevalence of pneumocysts: the amount requested in the period of the investigation is negatively correlated with the prevalence of pneumocysts. PMID- 3492759 TI - Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole: a comparison of their use in respiratory tract infections. AB - A single blind prospective study was undertaken with 74 patients suffering from acute bronchitis, taken from general practice and one geriatric ward. Half were randomly allocated to treatment with 200 mg trimethoprim twice a day and the other half with 160 mg trimethoprim plus 800 mg sulphamethoxazole twice a day; both therapies were used for 7 days. We found little difference in the clinical or bacteriological responses to the different regimens although the higher concentration of trimethoprim in the single therapy gave a slightly more successful eradication of Haemophilus spp. Resistant bacteria appeared during and after therapy in a few cases but this was a greater problem with the sulphamethoxazole-containing preparation. PMID- 3492760 TI - The immediate function of sequential aortocoronary vein grafts to closely adjacent myocardial areas. AB - Blood-flow measurements were performed in 72 patients after sequential vein grafting (Y-grafting) to LAD and diagonal branches. The mean blood flow in the joint graft was 69 ml/min, i.e. significantly more than the 36 ml/min in one branch when the other was occluded. When one branch was occluded for 10 min (11 patients), there was insignificant increase of the flow through the nonoccluded branch. The mean joint graft flow and branch flow increased insignificantly after administration of dipyridamole. Lower blood flow in one branch of the sequential graft than in the joint graft is due to insufficient collateral system. High rate of flow in the joint graft probably reduces the rate of early and late occlusion. PMID- 3492761 TI - [Health aims of patients following myocardial infarct and heart surgery: are the goals realistic?]. AB - 134 patients (11 females and 123 males, mean age 52 years) taking part in our rehabilitation program after myocardial infarction or bypass surgery were asked to say what they were aiming for as far as exercise, smoking habits and body weight are concerned. Follow-up was carried out by a questionnaire 6 months later. 120 patients (90%) were prepared to engage in some exercise on a regular basis. 112 (86%) of the 130 patients surviving actually met the criteria at follow-up. On admission 15 patients were smokers and at discharge still 12; 9 of whom intended to stop smoking. This would have left a smoking fraction of 2%. At the key date, however, 19% were either still smokers or had become smokers again. Only 43 patients were able to lose as much weight as they intended. Yet during the follow-up period the average weight of all patients remained constant. In short, the aims of our coronary patients are pitched extraordinarily high. Regular exercise is achieved easily, but with regard to smoking habits and required loss of weight the intentions are obviously somewhat too optimistic. PMID- 3492762 TI - [Invasive Haemophilus infections in adults]. AB - From 1976 to 1985, 27 adult invasive Haemophilus infections were observed at the University Medical Center in Lausanne. Only 5 cases (19%) were caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, while 12 cases (44%) were due to Haemophilus species other than H. influenzae. Two out of 24 strains tested were ampicillin resistant. The infections were meningitis in 8, pneumonia in 7, endocarditis in 5, sepsis of unknown origin in 4, epiglottitis in 2, and one gynecological infection. Except for the latter three patients, each case was associated with one or more underlying conditions. Seven patients died (26%), in three of whom death was directly related to the infectious process. This report and a review of the literature show that adult invasive Haemophilus infections are not uncommon and may be serious. Associated underlying diseases and advanced age are generally present. In contrast to infections occurring in children, invasive Haemophilus infections in adults are not restricted to encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae type b strains. PMID- 3492763 TI - Use of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) as biological markers for 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin contamination in the environment. AB - Adult bullfrogs were collected along the Rockey Branch Creek in Arkansas. This area is known to be contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD found in livers from these bullfrogs ranged from 0.64 to 48 ppb. These results suggest the utility of bullfrogs as a biological marker for 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the environment. PMID- 3492764 TI - Human beta 2 interferon and B-cell differentiation factor BSF-2 are identical. PMID- 3492765 TI - Histocompatibility restriction explained. PMID- 3492766 TI - Haemophilus ducreyi infection in south Florida: a rare disease on the rise? AB - Increased numbers of patients with genital ulcers sought medical attention in the Palm Beach County, Florida, Sexually Transmitted Disease clinics from Aug 1, 1982 to Aug 31, 1983. We established that a small proportion of subsequent cases of genital ulcers were caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent associated with chancroid. We also set up a surveillance system to monitor this sexually transmitted infection, and have illuminated several recent cases of chancroid occurring in that area. This outbreak of chancroid suggest that clinicians practicing in south Florida consider chancroid (generally a rare disease in the United States) in their differential diagnoses of genital ulcers. PMID- 3492767 TI - Combined computerized tomography and angiography in evaluation of hemorrhage into pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - Hemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare but frequently lethal complication of pancreatitis, which remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Angiography alone or in combination with ultrasonography and radionuclide perfusion scans will occasionally fail to identify adequately the source of bleeding. We have presented a case illustrating the superiority of dynamic computerized tomography and angiography in the preoperative evaluation of a patient with pancreatic disease and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3492768 TI - Nonoperative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis using surface electrical stimulation. PMID- 3492769 TI - Prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in young Afrikaners undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Ischaemic heart disease risk factors. AB - Ischaemic heart disease risk factors, with particular reference to familial hypercholesterolaemia, were studied in 47 male and 6 female Afrikaners, aged 55 years and under, admitted to hospital for coronary bypass surgery. The outstanding feature in this group with severe coronary atherosclerosis demonstrated angiographically was that about half had severe hypercholesterolaemia (greater than or equal to 8.5 mmol/l), and that of the severely hypercholesterolaemic patients about half again had familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). This yielded an overall prevalence of FH in the 53 cases of 1 in 4 (26.7%) and strongly supports the contention that FH is a major risk factor for severe coronary artery disease in young Afrikaners. The only other risk factor of importance was cigarette smoking, about 80% of the patients being current or ex-smokers. PMID- 3492770 TI - [Clinico-pathological features and clinical stages in chronic lymphatic leukemia. Multivariate analysis]. PMID- 3492771 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a mature B-lymphocyte phenotype and preferential centrosomal acid phosphatase activity]. PMID- 3492772 TI - Computed tomography number correlations for metrizamide computed tomographic ventriculography. AB - The authors describe a method that permits the determination of the precise intraventricular iodine concentration after metrizamide computed tomographic ventriculography. There is an observed linear relationship between computed tomography number (Hounsfield units) and iodine concentration. This relationship may be used to provide the basis for a method of evaluating ventricular fluid dynamics. This, in turn, is useful for the determination of the indications for a shunting procedure and for the evaluation of shunt function in a patient with an existing shunt. PMID- 3492773 TI - Microsurgical treatment of patients with vestibular and cochlear symptoms. AB - Eighteen patients with vertigo, tinnitus, and various hearing disturbances were treated by posterior fossa exploration and microvascular decompression of the eighth cranial nerve; they were followed for more than 3 years. After successful decompression of the eighth nerve from offending vessels, the attacks of vertigo disappeared in 11 patients, improved markedly in 3 patients, and improved mildly in 4 patients. The tinnitus vanished in three patients and decreased in nine. The hearing disturbance improved in only five patients and worsened in three. Because of the satisfactory improvement of the attacks of vertigo, which are the most distressing symptoms for patients, we recommend surgical exploration for patients with severe symptoms of vestibular disturbances. PMID- 3492774 TI - Long-term effect of levamisole on the immune functions in melanoma patients. AB - Thirty radically operated patients with a locally advanced malignant melanoma were given adjuvant levamisole orally 50 mg three times a day on two days a week for one to 40 months in order to prevent recurrence of melanoma. During levamisole treatment the number of E- and EAC-rosette forming cells, proliferative responses of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A and to purified protein derivative of tuberculin were followed at two to four month intervals. All patients were clinically followed at least for five years or to the recurrence of melanoma. Only slight variations occurred in the number of E- and EAC-rosette forming cells and in the responses to mitogens during levamisole treatment. Five out of 30 patients were alive without a recurrence at five years after starting adjuvant levamisole treatment. We conclude that adjuvant levamisole treatment is of no benefit in radically operated melanoma with satellites or metastases in the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 3492775 TI - von Willebrand factor in cultured human vascular endothelial cells from adult and umbilical cord arteries and veins. AB - Endothelial cells were cultured from various human arteries and veins, obtained from adult individuals and from umbilical cords. We compared the storage and secretion of von Willebrand factor by endothelial cells from umbilical veins with that of endothelial cells cultured from a number of adult vessels, including aorta, arteria iliaca, vena saphena magna and vena cava. There were no differences in the way the cultured endothelial cells handled the von Willebrand factor they synthesized. Endothelial cells from the various vessels responded to stimuli in secreting stored von Willebrand factor. The cells also responded to thrombin and ionophore A23187 in producing enhanced amounts of prostacyclin. Thus, cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells have properties that are very similar to those of cultured endothelial cells of various other origins. It is concluded that foetal venous cells provide a representative model for studies of endothelial cell von Willebrand factor biosynthesis and prostacyclin production. PMID- 3492776 TI - Heat inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus in lyophilized anti-inhibitor coagulant complex (Autoplex). PMID- 3492777 TI - [Mixed abuse of drugs by adolescents]. PMID- 3492778 TI - Impaired lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohaemagglutinin associated with the possession of HLA-B8/DR3. AB - An examination was made of blastogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in HLA-B8 and/or DR3 positive subjects and B8/DR3 negative individuals. Both B8 and DR3 antigens were associated with a depression of the response at all three doses of PHA used. The possession of both these antigens did not lead to a further depression of the response. PMID- 3492779 TI - HLA antigens in 88 cases of rheumatic fever observed in Martinique. AB - HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens were studied in 88 patients from Martinique. A modest but significant reduction of B14 and Bw42 antigens was noted as well as an increase in B35 (p less than 0.05) and DR1 antigens (corrected p less than 0.05), two antigens known to be in linkage disequilibrium. These data, which corroborate a previous study for B35, suggest that the unusual antistreptococcal response mounted by rheumatic fever patients is under HLA control. PMID- 3492780 TI - HLA typing and autoantibodies in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - HLA types, serum autoantibodies and serum globulin levels were surveyed in 46 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis. Patients with chronic active hepatitis with viral risk factors were less likely than those without viral risk factors to be HLA type B8 (10% vs 44%) or to have autoantibodies (antinuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies) (38% vs 84%). Thirty patients (10 with and 20 without viral risk factors) were treated with glucocorticosteroids. Of the 11 patients who were HLA-B8, 100% responded to treatment. Of the 20 patients who were ANA positive, 80% responded. The data suggest that the presence of HLA-B8 may be a useful predictor of response to anti inflammatory treatment and may define a genetic subset of HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis that will benefit from glucocorticosteroid therapy. PMID- 3492781 TI - In vitro production of anti-HLA-DR antibodies by human B-cell lines. AB - Human B-cell lines secreting antibodies which react preferentially with the HLA Class II antigen DR5 have been produced. Supernatants from these cell lines reacted with lymphocytes from all DR5 positive donors and a minority of DR6 positive donors but were negative on lymphocytes of other phenotypes. The cytotoxic activities of the supernatants apparently depend on IgM antibody. These results demonstrate the potential of B-cell lines for the in vitro production of antibodies to HLA-DR antigens. PMID- 3492782 TI - HLA associations in insulin-dependent diabetes: search for heterogeneity in different groups of patients from a homogeneous population. AB - A total of 317 unrelated Danish patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have been HLA-DR typed and the antigen and phenotype frequencies compared with those in 1177 unrelated Danish controls. The strong positive associations with DR3 and 4 and the strong negative one with DR2 were confirmed, and the remaining antigens showed a hierarchy from weakly positive to strongly negative associations: DRw9, w8, 1, 5, w6, 7. The study population included various special groups of patients selected in order to study heterogeneity: very early (less than 5 years) and very late (greater than 40 years) onset IDDM, pregnancy induced IDDM, IDDM nephropathy, and long-term (greater than 40 years) survivors without complications. When comparing these groups, the following minor differences were seen: the DR3,4 phenotype is significantly (p = .02) more frequent in IDDM with onset before age 20 (35%) than in other cases (24%), and in familial IDDM (48%) than in other cases (28%); the frequency of the DR4 antigen was significantly (p = .008) more frequent in long-term survivors (86%) than in other patients (69%), while it was significantly (p = .02) less frequent in IDDM nephropathy (63%) than in long-term survivors. However, apart from the age-at onset heterogeneity, which was suspected a priori, these differences may be due to chance, and the main conclusion of this study is that the HLA-DR associations in IDDM are indeed extraordinarily homogeneous irrespective of the clinical characteristics at onset and course of the disease. PMID- 3492783 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-DPw2 in pauciarticular onset juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Thirty-six unrelated Danish patients with pauciarticular Juvenile Chronic Arthritis (PJCA) and 120 controls were typed for HLA-DPw1-w6 and the local specificity CDPHEI with bulk-expanded Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT) cells. The frequency of HLA-DPw2 was 52.8% in PJCA patients and 16.7% in controls (relative risk, RR = 4.5; P less than 0.001). The antigens HLA-Dw5 and/or Dw8 were present in 50% of the patients and in 21.3% of the controls (RR = 4.2; p less than 10( 3)). DPw2 was not associated (in linkage disequilibrium) with Dw5/w8 in patients or in controls, and the DP and D associations with PJCA were independent of each other. However, the combined presence of DPw2 and Dw5 and/or Dw8 gave a significantly higher risk of PJCA than each antigen alone indicating interaction of DP and DR gene products. PJCA is the first disease definitely found to be associated with a DP antigen. PMID- 3492784 TI - Effects of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate on immune function. AB - The effect of acute administration of 20-80 mg/kg O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-TMP) to C57BL/6 female mice on the murine immune system was determined. The parameters examined to evaluate overt toxicity of the compound included body weight, plasma cholinesterase levels, splenic nucleated cell number and thymic weight and nucleated cell number. Acute administration of 60 or 80 mg/kg OSS-TMP led to a 75 or 63% decrease, respectively, in plasma cholinesterase levels and a decrease in thymic size. At a dose of 80 mg/kg OSS TMP, the animals also exhibited some lethargy and body weight loss. Below 60 mg/kg OSS-TMP, no overt toxic manifestations were observed. These studies were carried further to determine the effect of OSS-TMP on the generation of in vivo primary and in vitro secondary cellular and humoral immune responses. At nontoxic doses of the compound, i.e. 20 and 40 mg/kg OSS-TMP, the in vivo generation of a primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to alloantigen was significantly elevated, but this response was unaffected following restimulation of the splenocytes by alloantigen in vitro. The generation of an in vivo primary and in vitro secondary humoral responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was elevated following a single dose of 40 mg/kg OSS-TMP. Administration of toxic doses of OSS TMP, i.e. 60 and 80 mg/kg, did not alter the ability of splenocytes to generate a primary or secondary CTL response, but suppressed the generation of humoral immune responses. These results differ significantly from those observed in a similar system following acute administration of a structural analog, O,O,S trimethyl phosphorothioate which was previously shown to have potent immunosuppressive activity at nontoxic doses. PMID- 3492785 TI - Monitoring CBF in clinical routine by dynamic single photon emission tomography (SPECT) of inhaled xenon-133. AB - A very simple and low-cost brain dedicated, rapidly rotating Single Photon Emission Tomograph SPECT is described. Its use in following patients with ischemic stroke is illustrated by two middle cerebral artery occlusion cases, one with persistent occlusion and low CBF in MCA territory, and one with early lysis of the occlusion having high CBF (massive luxury perfusion) for some weeks. Evidence of this kind may be essential in the evaluation of therapeutic measures in ischemic stroke. PMID- 3492786 TI - Reduction in regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during human aging. AB - To investigate changes in cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism during aging, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were measured using the 15O labelled gas inhalation technique and a multi-slice positron emission tomograph (PET) in 22 healthy volunteers, aged from 26 to 64 years old. The measurements were performed with subjects at rest, without sensory deprivation. The values of rCBF, rOEF, rCMRO2 and rCBV in more than 40 anatomical structures of the brain were evaluated by studying a large series of scans in each region of interest after the functional PET image had been anatomically identified using x-ray computed tomographic images corresponding to the PET. In mean gray values, only CMRO2 showed significant reduction with age. rCMRO2 significantly decreased with age only in the supratentrium, and much more in the left hemisphere. Especially remarkable was rCMRO2 reduction in the left caudate region. Both CBF and OEF were variable and less age-dependent. It was concluded that CMRO2 could be reflecting healthy brain aging most properly. PMID- 3492787 TI - Evaluation of the cerebral vasodilatory capacity by the acetazolamide test before EC-IC bypass surgery in patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by xenon-133 inhalation tomography in 18 patients with cerebrovascular disease before and 4 months after extracranial intracranial bypass surgery. Only patients who showed a reduced CBF in areas that were intact on the CT scan and relevant to the clinical and angiographical findings were operated. The majority of the patients had suffered a minor stroke with or without subsequent transient ischemic attacks. They were studied at least 6 weeks following the stroke. All patients had an occlusion of the relevant internal carotid artery. To identify preoperatively the patients with a compromised collateral circulation and hence reduced CBF due to reduced perfusion pressure, a cerebral vasodilatory stress test was performed using acetazolamide (Diamox). In normal subjects, Diamox has been shown to increase tomographic CBF without change of the flow distribution. In the present series 9 patients showed a significant redistribution of flow in favor of the non-occluded side ("positive" Diamox test). Two of these 9 patients showed even a paradoxical decrease in focal CBF preoperatively, i.e., a "steal" effect. These 2 patients were the only patients who improved in focal CBF after shunting. The remaining 9 patients all showed uniform flow responses ("negative" Diamox test), and none of these increased in focal CBF postoperatively. The finding of an unchanged flow map postoperatively confirmed that the low flow areas were not due to restricted flow via collateral pathways. However, an increase in the regional vasodilatory capacity was observed postoperatively in the majority of patients. PMID- 3492788 TI - PET studies of changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism after unilateral microembolization of the brain in anesthetized dogs. AB - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism have been measured with the steady state oxygen-15 technique and positron emission tomography in anesthetized dogs. Regional microembolization was induced by infusing Sephadex particles (diameter, 40 micron) into one of the common carotid arteries. In the first series of experiments, 2.5 mg Sephadex was infused, and the dogs were examined within 3-4 hours after embolization. In a second series 0.55 mg Sephadex was infused, and the dogs were examined either in the first 3-4 hours or 24-48 hours after embolization. Cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction ratio, and cerebral oxygen utilization were measured at 3 PCO2 levels. In the acute experiments, cerebral oxygen utilization in the embolized hemisphere was 6 (0.55 mg Sephadex) and 25% (2.5 mg Sephadex) lower than on the contralateral side. While cerebral blood flow was symmetrically distributed in normocapnia and hypocapnia, it was 9 (0.55 mg Sephadex) and 35% (2.5 mg Sephadex) lower in the embolized hemisphere during hypercapnia. In normocapnia and hypocapnia the lower oxygen utilization in the embolized hemisphere was characterized by a lower oxygen extraction ratio, and in hypercapnia by an unchanged (0.55 mg Sephadex) or by a higher (2.5 mg Sephadex) extraction ratio. The different effect on oxygen extraction ratio in the control and embolized hemispheres resulted in images of uncoupling between perfusion and oxygen demand that varied according to the PCO2. The experiments also showed a fall in cerebral blood flow in the embolized hemisphere after 3-4 hours, indicating delayed hypoperfusion. After 24-48 hours, blood flow was about 10% higher in the embolized hemisphere, and this was observed at the 3 PCO2 levels, while the oxygen extraction ratio was systematically lower. Oxygen utilization in the embolized hemisphere was depressed to practically the same extent as in acute experiments. It can be concluded that between 4 and 24 hours after microembolization the cerebral microcirculation shows important changes, with installation of luxury perfusion in the face of an unchanging decreased oxygen metabolism. PMID- 3492789 TI - Pathophysiologic study of chronic infarcts with I-123 isopropyl iodo-amphetamine (IMP): the importance of periinfarct area. AB - Seventeen chronic cerebral infarcts were investigated by a highly sensitive, dedicated brain single photon emission computerized tomography system using 123I isopropyl iodoamphetamine (IMP) and 133Xe. IMP uptake was measured 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 5 hours after injection, and regional cerebral blood flow was measured with 133Xe. In 4 cases a positron emission tomography system was used to measure the rCBF and the regional metabolic rate of oxygen with C15O2 and 15O2. The results obtained allowed us to identify 2 abnormal zones. One, the "central area," was characterized by a severe decrease in IMP uptake and rCBF averaging 34% and 46% respectively and by a hypodense image on the x-ray computerized tomography scan. The second, the periinfarct or "peripheral area" was characterized by a moderate decrease in IMP uptake and regional cerebral blood flow averaging 13 and 19% respectively; this area extended around the central area and had a normal density on computerized tomography scan. The IMP hypofixation of the peripheral area observed at the 10th minute tended to disappear at the 5th hour. The volume of this area was often found to be quite large, covering more than 30% of a hemisphere whereas the central area did not exceed 25%. Volume appeared to be correlated with the neurological status of the patient. The nature of the peripheral area is not established with certainty. It may be caused by deafferentation of areas not directly affected by the ischemic insult and/or selective ischemic neuronal loss. The results stress the important role played by the peripheral area, which may be useful in establishing the prognosis and evaluating the efficacy of therapy in individual stroke cases. PMID- 3492790 TI - Studies on cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with established cerebral infarcts undergoing omental transposition. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow, blood volume, fractional oxygen extraction, and oxygen consumption were measured by positron emission tomography in 4 stroke patients prior to and 6 months following omental transposition surgery. Preoperatively, 3 patients showed the typical picture of established infarction with a matched reduction in flow and oxygen metabolism and a normal oxygen extraction fraction in the symptomatic hemisphere. One patient showed a chronically impaired perfusion reserve with a proportionally greater reduction in flow than oxygen metabolism and a compensatory rise in oxygen extraction ratio. No change in the physiological parameters was demonstrated in the postoperative studies. PMID- 3492792 TI - The schistosome egg granuloma: immunopathology in the cause of host protection or parasite survival? AB - The granulomatous inflammatory response induced by schistosome eggs entrapped in the microvasculature of host tissues is considered responsible for much of the symptomatology of schistosomiasis. However, the evolutionary role of the egg granuloma in the host-parasite relationship is not yet well defined. Some evidence indicates that the lesion may protect the host, either by shielding tissues against toxic egg products, or by interfering with the migration patterns of secondary infections, and thereby non-specifically contributing to the host's acquired "immunity". We here review earlier work concerned with the role of the egg granuloma in the host-parasite relationship in schistosomiasis, and we present new experimental evidence to suggest that the function of this cell mediated immune response might, in addition to its putative host protective function, facilitate the extravasation of parasite eggs in the mesenteries, and thereby contribute directly to the continuation of the schistosome life-cycle. PMID- 3492791 TI - Antihypertensive effect of neonatal thymectomy in the genetically hypertensive LH rat. AB - Genetically hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN), and low blood pressure (LL) rats of the Lyon strains have been simultaneously selected according to their systolic blood pressure (SBP). SBP and immunological parameters were investigated in 5 week-old rats. SBP reached 99 +/- 2 mmHg in LL, 108 +/- 2 mmHg in LN and 122 +/- 4 mmHg in LH. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts, thymus and spleen histology, percentages of T cells and subsets of T cells in these organs were not modified by genetic hypertension. The blastogenic responses to mitogens (Con A and PWM) of the LH rat thymocytes were similar to those observed in LN or LL rats. By contrast, the proliferative response of splenocytes to PWM was positively correlated (r = 0.93) with SBP level. In additional experiments we demonstrated that, besides the immune defect induced by neonatal thymectomy, the removal of the thymus at birth prevented the spontaneous increase of SBP in LH strains (102 +/- 2 mmHg instead of 122 +/- 4 mmHg), while only a slight decrease or no alteration was seen in LN and LL thymectomized rats. This antihypertensive effect tended to maintain SBP at a common level in the 3 strains. These results suggest that the thymus may be involved in the development of genetic hypertension. PMID- 3492793 TI - A second discriminator for biological false positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HTLV III/LAV). AB - Two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were compared in screening a large population of volunteer blood donors. One ELISA utilized the human T-lymphotropic virus, Type III (HTLV-III) grown on National Institutes of Health T-lymphocyte cell line, H-9, as antigen source; the second used lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) grown on Pasteur Institutes' T lymphocyte cell line, CEM-F. Biological false positives (BFP) occurred at a rate of approximately 0.5 percent using each antigen source. However, distinct populations of BFP donors were detected when the two antigen sources were compared. Results indicate that at least two separate sets of antigens are recognized in ELISA by our normal population and result in BFP. Sequential utilization of tests using these distinct sources adds a second discriminator to identification of BFP, with the potential for decreasing the requirement for Western blot analysis. PMID- 3492795 TI - In vitro activity of antibacterial agents on Haemophilus influenzae isolates. AB - One hundred and eight clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, consecutively occurring and epidemiologically unrelated, were examined for susceptibility against twelve antibacterial agents by disc diffusion and agar dilution. These were also serotyped and tested for beta-lactamase production. All isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. Six (5.5%) strains were ampicillin resistant (MIC 128 mg/1), and five of them were beta-lactamase producers. Tetracycline resistance was seen in 52.8% of the isolates. This is probably related to the high consumption of tetracyclines in our population. Cefotaxime (modal MIC 0.03 mg/1) and cefaclor (modal MIC 0.03 mg/1) were the most active parenteral and oral cephalosporins respectively. PMID- 3492794 TI - In vitro cytotoxic T cell responses to cell-free minor histocompatibility antigens. Requirement for antigen-presenting cells. AB - Although it has been documented that antigen-presenting cells (APC) are required for the response to minor histocompatibility antigens (MIHA) on membrane fragments, there is no evidence to indicate whether or not these APC actually process MIHA. In this manuscript we identify these APC as Ia+, Thy 1.2-, Ly6.1-, Ly7.2-, Ly5- adherent cells. They cannot be replaced by soluble adherent cell products, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), or by interleukin-2, and are required for at least the first 4 hr of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. After this period, the response can continue in the absence of either adherent cells or the MIHA-bearing membrane fragments, indicating that the APC function is required for the initiation of a response. If APC are inactivated by heat treatment prior to exposure to the MIHA-bearing fragments, they are unable to contribute to the triggering of a CTL response. However, if these cells are inactivated by heat after exposure to MIHA, they are fully able to contribute to the induction of a CTL response. We interpret these results as an indication that metabolic activity is required for antigen uptake--but, once this has occurred, an inactivated APC is still able to present MIHA. This suggests the involvement of a requisite early antigen-processing event by APC that is distinct from the putative association of MIHA with H-2. PMID- 3492796 TI - Fluctuating jaundice and intestinal bleeding in a 6-year-old girl with fascioliasis. AB - A six-year-old girl presented with fever, haematemesis, melaena, fluctuating jaundice, tender hepatomegaly, palpable gall bladder and eosinophilia. At laparotomy a liver fluke was removed from the common bile duct. Despite treatment with praziquantel and metronidazole she succumbed to severe gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3492797 TI - [Effect of T-cell mitogens and T-lymphocyte deficiency on splenic colony formation]. AB - A study was made of the influence of T-cell mitogens (Con A and PHA) on the colony formation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells from normal and thymectomized mice, as well as of the relationship between the colony formation and the dose of injected thymocytes. The incubation of bone marrow cells with Con A and PHA was shown to inhibit the growth of spleen colonies. This inhibition is reduced by thymocytes within the dose intervals of 0.25-2.0 X 10(7) cells/mouse. Administration of these agents serially has led to the potentiation of inhibition effect and to the inability of thymocytes to reverse it. Con A and PHA exert no effect on the differentiation of stem cells. Incubation of the bone marrow cells from thymectomized mice with Con A is much less effective in the depression of colony formation, if compared with the treatment by intact bone marrow preparations. A reversed picture was observed using antiserum to mouse brain (RAMBS). It is proposed that regulation of stem cells is governed by different subpopulations of thymocytes. PMID- 3492798 TI - [Endogenous inhibitor of cysteine proteases from the human kidney]. AB - A thermo- and acid stable inhibitor of cysteine proteinases was isolated from the human kidney by successive procedures--acid fractionation, gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75, affinity chromatography on papain-sepharose. The final purification factor was 650 fold. The inhibitor molecular weight was equal to 12 kDa. The values of Ki measured by different methods are (7.9-9.4) X 10(-4) M for papain and (7.1-8.0) X 10(-10) M for purified human kidney cathepsin B. In experiments with papain, inhibitor kass and kd were 1.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 9.0 X 10(-4) s-1, respectively. The inhibitor did not influence the trypsin activity, its properties being similar to those of related thermo- and acid-stable inhibitors from other human and animal tissues. PMID- 3492801 TI - [Sulfa and trimethoprim--a dangerous combination]. PMID- 3492799 TI - [Lung symptoms and reduced lung function following exposure to low doses of asbestos]. PMID- 3492800 TI - [Treatment with sodium fluoride, calcium phosphate and vitamin D2 in spinal osteoporosis. Effect on calcium balance, calcium metabolism, bone remodelling, and side effects]. PMID- 3492802 TI - [Polymyositis induced by D-penicillamine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: apropos of 2 cases with antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 3492803 TI - Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with speckled pattern antinuclear antibodies. AB - Fifty patients whose sera contained a speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA) were interviewed and examined to determine if there was any relationship between their clinical manifestations and the presence of certain serological markers. The results suggest that speckled ANA is usually found in patients with definite connective tissue diseases, but a significant minority have incomplete or early stages of these diseases. Characterisation of the antibody to extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) and other serological markers does not normally assist in making a clinical diagnosis, but the detection of a speckled ANA should prompt further investigation and careful follow-up. PMID- 3492804 TI - Methyldopa-induced connective tissue disorder. PMID- 3492805 TI - Melanin affinity of xenobiotics. PMID- 3492806 TI - [Functional status of the vestibular apparatus in the "consciousness-sleep wakefulness" cycle and its diagnostic significance in the evaluation of the acute period of brain concussion]. PMID- 3492807 TI - [Bilateral recurrent suppurative otitis media in a child caused by histiocytosis X of the cranial bones]. PMID- 3492808 TI - Live duck virus hepatitis vaccination of maternally immune ducklings. PMID- 3492809 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the uterine epithelium and in the immunocompetent cells of the lymph nodes draining the uterus during pregnancy in swine]. AB - The studies were carried out with both nonpregnant sows aged 1-2 years and pregnant sows from the 30th to the 40th day and on the 60th, 90th, and 100th day of gestation. Three types of cells were found in the epithelium covering the uterus of nonpregnant sows--with kinocilia and microvilli at the apical pole, with microvilli only, and with no microvilli and kinocilia. During pregnancy the ultrastructure of the epithelium were subjected to essential changes which consisted chiefly in increasing the compactness of microvilli, the amount of lysosomes at the apical part, and the basal deposition of fatty globules in some of the cells. The basal membrane on which the epithelial cells lay became considerably thicker. The draining lymph nodes showed a clear trend toward increasing the number of lymphocytes and cells of the plasmatic order. The ultrastructure of the plasmatic cells and lymphocytes spoke of enhanced processes of synthesis. PMID- 3492810 TI - A human T-cell line resistant to cytopathic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AB - Infection of human helper T lymphocytes with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in a rapid induction of cytopathic effects and cell lysis. We isolated a variant of the human T-lymphoblastoid cell line, CEM, that is fully susceptible to HIV infection but resistant to virally induced cytopathic effects. Exposure of the cells, designated CR-10, to HIV resulted in the expression of viral antigens in 100% of cells within 6-9 days. Virus-infected cells remained fully viable and could be cultivated under standard culture conditions for a desired period of time. Parental CEM cells died within 9-12 days after HIV infection. Proviral DNA could be detected in the HIV-infected CR-10 cells by Southern blot and molecular hybridization 4-5 days after infection; the relative amount of proviral DNA reached maximum at Days 6-10 and remained stable during an 8-month follow-up period. Virus production by HIV-infected CR-10 cells was documented by electron microscopy and detection of reverse transcriptase activity in cell culture supernatants. HIV-infected CR-10 cells exhibited a down modulation of the OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-4A, OKT-8, and OKT-11 T-cell surface markers, but not of the OKT-9 (transferrin receptor). One of the HIV persistently infected CR-10 cell clones has been kept in continuous culture for over 8 months. During this period, the cells remained fully viable, 100% positive for HIV antigens, and negative for most of the T-cell surface markers tested and continued to produce biologically active HIV. The CR-10 and HIV-infected CR-10 cell lines will be useful in studies on the biology of HIV and in the isolation and large-scale propagation of this virus. PMID- 3492811 TI - [Prevention of illusions of vestibular origin]. PMID- 3492812 TI - [Computer tomography pneumocisternography in the diagnosis of tumors of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 3492813 TI - [Emergency endoscopies in hemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract--the diagnostic problems and management]. PMID- 3492814 TI - [Fiber gastroscopic diagnosis of acute hemorrhage from the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 3492815 TI - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to gastric extramedullary spread of multiple myeloma. PMID- 3492816 TI - ARAMIS (the American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System). A prototypical national chronic-disease data bank. AB - ARAMIS is a prototype of a national chronic-disease data-bank system consisting of parallel, longitudinal, clinical data sets from 17 diverse locations; the data describe the courses of thousands of patients with rheumatic disease followed over many years. Chronic-disease data-bank systems include the data themselves, protocols to ensure their quality, computer systems for their manipulation, statistical procedures for analysis and an appropriately skilled staff. Such a data resource facilitates analyzing long-term health outcomes and the factors associated with particular outcomes. Such systems are mandated by the overwhelming prevalence of chronic illness; the variability, complexity and uniqueness of a patient's course; the difficulties of traditional randomized approaches in these areas, and the time span required for studying these problems. PMID- 3492817 TI - [Alpha-cysteine protease inhibitor level in the serum of mothers and their fetuses in cases of physiologic and pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 3492818 TI - [New aspects of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Introduction to the topic]. PMID- 3492819 TI - [Surgical therapy of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis]. AB - Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is standardized today, despite several unresolved problems. Cooperation between gastroenterologist and surgeon is essential to establish the indication for surgery in emergency situations and during the chronic phase, as well. The surgical procedures aim for maximum preservation of function; in Crohn's disease salvage of bowel by means of limited resections and strictureplasty has priority, whilst in ulcerative colitis the preservation of sphincter function is the paramount goal, wherever possible, by means of ileorectostomy and ileal pouch procedures. PMID- 3492820 TI - [Circadian neuroendocrinologic profile in patients with multiple drug abuse]. AB - 13 cases of politoxicomania that had undergone stationary treatment and, at the time of observation, were in rehabilitation, comprised the case load of this study. They were compared with 10 test persons in good state of health. In order to obtain circadine hormone profiles for melatonine, cortisol, human growth hormones (HGH) and thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), blood samples were taken every hour from 6 pm until 7 am the following morning. The test cycle commenced with obtainment of a biochemical blood profile and a drug-oriented urine analysis. The cases were assorted into three therapy groups: Group 1: complete abstinence. Group 2: no hard drug intake. Group 3: acute relapse after a prolonged period of abstinence. This categorization (i.e. abstinence, soft or hard drug intake) was clearly mirrored by significant differences in the hormone profiles: the group of "abstinents" showed remarkably higher melatonine and cortisole levels than the acute relapsive cases. HGH and TSH profiles showed partly pathological levels which appeared unrelated, however, to the incidence of abstinence, or the manner of drug intake. Compared to the healthy control group, the test cases showed an increase of liver enzymes (Gamma-GT, SGOT, SGPT and LDH) but there was no marked difference between the 3 user categories themselves. The pathological neuroendocrine findings identified in test patients after a long period of abstinence are indicative of changes possibly based on genetic disposition rather than on abusive habits. The issue of self-inflicted damage, therefore, becomes a questionable one. PMID- 3492821 TI - [Chronic alcoholism--alcohol sequelae--causes of death]. AB - In this study 444 chronic alcoholic patients, hospitalized at the beginning of this study, were followed up for 4 to 7 years (31). During this time 101 patients died (23.2%), with whom severeness of disease as well as the extent of social depravation could be identified as factors influencing mortality. Beginning in January of 1982 we investigated mortality of the population of a village with a similar socio-cultural background (working situation, rural population, wine growing area). As it was possible to cooperate with the local general practitioner, who has been living and working in this village since 1946, knowing all the troubles and sorrows, we could get data of each person having died. We collected data on each dead of this village until we had 101 definitely not alcohol addicted cases as control group. For getting this number of cases we had to investigate data of 116 dead, because 15 of them met the diagnostic criteria for chronic alcoholism. Sociodemographic data, social development, diseases and causes of death were recorded in all groups of investigation. In the group of formerly hospitalized chronic alcoholic patients we found a preponderance of men as well as a significantly shorter life-time (alcoholic group: 50 +/- 9.8 years, control group 73.9 +/- 12.5 years). Besides alcohol misuse other factors influencing mortality could be elaborated (e. g. stressing or discriminating working situation, incontinuous and/or unsatisfying partnership, additional criminal acts etc.) separating the chronic alcoholic group (with former hospitalisation) from the control group in a significant way. Concerning the disease leading to death, chronic alcoholic patients more frequently had suffered from liver damage (with break of oesophagus blood vessels) as well as from auto destructive behaviour patterns (like suicide, masked accidents) compared to the non-alcoholic group. This control group died significantly more frequent because of cardio-vascular diseases, often accompanied by cerebral deficits. PMID- 3492822 TI - [Development of endogenous immune functions to respiratory infections in children]. PMID- 3492823 TI - [Incidence and significance of disease of the paranasal sinuses in small children]. PMID- 3492824 TI - [Comparison of the incidence of inpatient treatment based on Max Burger's data and the general documented morbidity publication of East Germany]. PMID- 3492825 TI - [Incidence of leptospiroses caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in East Germany]. PMID- 3492826 TI - [Status of goiter prevention in East Germany from an interdisciplinary viewpoint]. AB - The endemic goiter occurs still in many countries of Europe. Alimentary iodine deficiency could be proved as essential cause of the increased prevalence. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations refer to the medical importance of this appearance for the GDR. 200 million marks might have to be spent annually for diagnostics and therapy. Also in the production of animals sequelae of iodine deficiency play a great part. Nitrate containing and glucosinolate containing feeding stuffs (e. g. rape extraction groats) here under the conditions of the iodine deficiency additionally develop goitrogenous effects (so-called indirect or relative iodine deficiency), which lead to decrease in vitality and clinical symptoms in the agricultural useful animals cattle, pig and sheep. The iodine content of animal products was frequently low. In view of the ecological connection of these problems an interdisciplinary iodine commission was founded which in accordance with the responsible state organs elaborates adequate recommendations for the prophylaxis and control of efficiency. From 1986 was begun with the iodisation of the largest part of packet salt (32 mg KJO3/kg) und the delivery of iodized mineral mixtures for the production of animals. Thus is to be reckoned with an improved direct supply of iodine for the population by iodized table salt or an indirect one over animal product. The iodisation of the entire common salt with modified iodine concentration is striven for. Measures for the control of efficiency are introduced. PMID- 3492829 TI - [New imaging systems]. PMID- 3492827 TI - [Incidence of severe local complications in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. AB - At the example of the severe and foudroyant courses of the ulcerous colitis in patients who died or underwent a resection (n = 93) the severe local complications are demonstrated. 70 patients with resection of the intestine, 21 patients with diagnostic laparotomy as well as 32 deceased patients with Crohn's disease were compared with them. Transmigration peritonitides (3.3% of 458 patients with ulcerous colitis except haemorrhagic proctitis), perforation peritonitides (2.0%) as well as the toxic megacolon (3.3%) alone or in combination are the most frequent severe complications. Therapy-resistant intestinal haemorrhages (1.1%) are infrequent. In 0.9% of the cases colorectal carcinomata appear. The acute or chronic mechanical ileus is the most frequent complication in Crohn's disease (21.1% of 171 patients altogether). Intraabdominal abscesses are found in 11.7%. In participation of the colon fistulae are nearly twice as frequent as in localisation of the small intestine. Free perforations of the small intestine (3.8%) are more frequently observed than perforations of the colon (2.2%). PMID- 3492828 TI - [Incidence of conspicuous ultrasound findings in the brain in clinically asymptomatic newborn infants]. AB - With an intracranial ultrasound screening at the University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynaecology Wuerzburg, an abnormal finding was seen in 88 out of 673 clinically asymptomatic usually mature newborns (13.1%). It concerned 37 subependymal/intraventricular haemorrhages (5.5%), sequelae of an old intrauterine bleeding in 9 cases (1.3%), 38 ventricular asymmetries (5.7%), 5 choroidal plexus cysts (0.7%), 6 arachnoidal cysts (0.9%) and 1 infratentorial tumour (0.2%). Only mild cerebral haemorrhages were observed. Follow-up studies of children with an abnormal cerebral finding are desirable to determine its clinical significance and long-term prognosis. PMID- 3492830 TI - 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine lithiasis--epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy. PMID- 3492831 TI - [Early detection and early differentiation of collagenoses--a task for the clinician]. PMID- 3492832 TI - Epidemiology of diabetes. PMID- 3492833 TI - [Correlation of immunological disorders with histological changes in Kaposi's disease]. PMID- 3492834 TI - Intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation. AB - Intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation is a rehabilitative and diagnostic technique for the neurogenic bladder. The goal of therapy is threefold: to achieve the sensation of bladder filling or the urge to void, to initiate a detrusor contraction and to achieve conscious urinary control. The procedure combines the direct electrical stimulatory effect to bladder receptors, with the significant use of visual biofeedback by the patient's observation of a water manometric representation of their detrusor response. It appears that intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation may be helpful to determine diagnostically, the stimulus response of bladder function, and therapeutically, to rehabilitate the neurogenic bladder toward full control. It is not intended to replace clean intermittent catheterisation in all patients. However, it may allow selected children to void rather than be catheterised and may be used in conjunction with intermittent catheterisation to improve a child's level of continence. PMID- 3492835 TI - Death caused by orphenadine poisoning. AB - The number of deaths as a consequence of orphenadine poisoning seems to increase, mostly among severely psychotic males. The lethal dose corresponds to the weekly average dose used in the treatment of neuroleptic extrapyramidal side effects. Based on the literature, the serious, rapidly incipient, cardiac, and neurologic symptoms of poisoning are emphasized. The handing out of orphenadine to suicidal persons must be restricted, and even small overdoses (1-2 g) ought to result in the immediate initiation of observation at an intensive care unit. PMID- 3492836 TI - [Osteocalcin and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis]. AB - Osteocalcin is the most abundant noncollagenous protein of bone and is regarded as the best biochemical marker for bone formation. The synthesis of this protein in osteoblasts is stimulated by 1.25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1.25(OH)2D3). The aim of this study was to examine the rate of bone formation measured by osteocalcin in patients (pts) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 58) and osteoarthrosis (OA) (n = 14) and its dependence on various parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism, especially vitamin D metabolites. Furthermore we compared the significance of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin as a parameter for bone turnover in these patients. According to treatment pts with RA were divided into four groups: one receiving gold salts (n = 14), one glucocorticoids (n = 13), one chloroquine (n = 14), and one nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) (n = 17). Pts with OA and RA treated with NSAID showed significantly lower values of osteocalcin than pts with RA treated with glucocorticoids or gold. In contrast to osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in all pts with RA than in pts with OA. 1.25(OH)2D, which was significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated in pts with RA treated with glucocorticoids, correlated significantly with parathyroid hormone (PTH). These data indicate that bone metabolism, at least in pts with OA and RA treated with NSAID is characterized by a decreased bone formation which is probably compensated in part in pts treated with glucocorticoids, as 1.25(OH)2D and PTH are significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated. Furthermore, the osteocalcin values were closely correlated with 1.25(OH)2D in pts with OA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492838 TI - [Cross-reacting HLA-B alleles as genetic markers of HLA-B27 negative ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - 15 east Austrian patients (EUC) with HLA-B27-negative ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were tissue-typed for HLA-B-antigens. HLA-B-alleles of the B27-CREG (B7, B13, Bw22, B40) were found in 14/15 patients (= 93,3%; RR = 37,8; Chi2 = 23,21; p less than 0.05) of this group. We may postulate a common partial-antigen for AS, carried by HLA-alleles belonging to the B27-CREG. This partial-antigen may either react in a direct pathway with the unknown pathogenic agent of AS or represent a marker for the "disease-susceptibility genes" of AS. PMID- 3492837 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of disability caused by rheumatic diseases in the Gera district, East Germany]. AB - In the period 1968-1977, the mean annual invalidization rates due to rheumatic diseases in the district of Gera are 36.6 for the female insured population, 19.3 for the male one, per 10(5) persons. After the age of 40, invalidization rates are rising steeply. Degenerative arthropathies (osteoarthroses and displacements of the intervertebral disk or vertebrogenic pain syndromes) constitute more than four fifths of all first-time invalidizations. First-time invalidization was done, on average, 7 years before reaching the age-limit provided by law for old age pension, in one third temporally limited. The longitudinal monitoring of the invalidzation rates supports the hypothesis that clinical manifestations of degenerative arthropathies are increasing. PMID- 3492840 TI - Development of mononuclear cell subpopulations and their function during calfhood. PMID- 3492841 TI - Congenital heart disease in the adult. New problems. PMID- 3492842 TI - Left ventricular diastolic filling rate assessed by gated radionuclide angiography in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the significance of diastolic left ventricular function in 26 normal subjects and in 74 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Gated radionuclide left ventriculography in supine position and left anterior oblique projection was performed at rest in both groups considered and during exercise in 11 normal subjects and in 35 patients with CAD. Compared with the normal subjects, the group of patients with CAD showed lower values of global and regional ejection fraction as well as of peak ejection and filling rates. 33 patients with CAD, presenting an ejection fraction greater than 54%, showed similar values of global and regional ejection fraction, compared with the group of normal subjects, while peak filling rate was significantly lower. During exercise peak filling rate significantly increased in normal subjects and in patients with CAD; this increase was constant and similar in the various subgroups considered among patients with CAD. We conclude that peak filling rate represents a more sensitive index than ejection fraction in evaluating left ventricular function in patients with CAD, as shown by the comparison between normal subjects and patients with CAD, who had an ejection fraction greater than 54%. PMID- 3492839 TI - [Cellular immunologic studies in pediatric and juvenile thyroid cancer]. AB - Reported in this paper are findings recorded from nine thyroid cancer patients in childhood and adolescence. T-cell sub-populations were determined by means of the rosette method and by reference to monoclonal antibodies. The investigations were concerned also with detectability of tumour antigens and with cytotoxicity. The immune activity exhibited by young patients was better than that recordable from adults. These findings are likely to suggest relative benignity of thyroid cancer, when surgically treated in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 3492843 TI - Idiopathic recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia responsive to verapamil. AB - The role of i.v. verapamil in the management of atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardias is well established (Schamroth et al., 1980). Generally however the drug is not very effective in recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) (Singh et al., 1983). Verapamil was recently demonstrated to be successful in terminating VT induced by programmed stimulation in only 1 out of 8 patients tested (Wellens et al., 1980). Conversely a few recent cases of verapamil responsive VT, mostly occurring in young people without obvious organic heart disease, have been reported (Belhassen, 1984; Klein, 1984; Delise, 1985; Ward, 1984; Lin 1983; German, 1983; Mason, 1983; Wu, 1981). We describe 3 clinical examples of idiopathic recurrent sustained VT responsive to verapamil. A careful analysis of our cases support the hypothesis of different pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the genesis of this unique arrhythmic entity. PMID- 3492844 TI - Complete heart block in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Complete heart block with Stokes-Adams attacks was diagnosed in a 30 year old male, who had suffered from a Reiter's syndrome for only 3 1/2 years. The heart block was unaffected by treatment with high dose corticosteroids, and a permanent pacemaker was implanted. There were no signs of concomitant aortic insufficiency or spondylitis/sacroiliitis. PMID- 3492847 TI - Regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis by lymphocytes in multiple myeloma and benign monoclonal gammopathy. PMID- 3492846 TI - [Rheumatologic vademecum for the orthopedic surgeon. 4]. PMID- 3492845 TI - Prolonged runs of ventricular tachycardia as a complication of theophylline intoxication. Report of a case. AB - A 70-year-old patient who developed ventricular tachycardia (up to several hundreds of consecutive ventricular complexes) in the presence of theophylline intoxication (29 micrograms/ml) is reported. Ventricular tachycardia is a rare complication of theophylline intoxication and, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported with theophylline levels below 40 micrograms/ml. The occurrence of hypokalemia and its possible arrhythmogenic effect in theophylline intoxication is discussed. The role of low theophylline clearance in developing iatrogenic theophylline intoxication is emphasized. Patients with theophylline intoxication should be carefully monitored, even when the serum level does not seem to be dramatically high. PMID- 3492848 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy against a local or widespread tumor of a highly malignant and poorly immunogenic mouse leukemia L1210. PMID- 3492849 TI - Effects of thymocytes on hemopoietic progenitor cells: studies employing anti Thy 1 and anti Lyt antibodies. PMID- 3492850 TI - In vitro promotion of human megakaryocytopoiesis by intact T cells--human CFU-M growth promotion by T cells. PMID- 3492851 TI - Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and antibodies against autologous tumor cells in patients with myeloid leukaemias and preleukaemic disorders. III. Stage dependence of oncovirus-specific immune response. AB - Lymphocyte and plasma samples from the quiescent and blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and from the blastosis and remission of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), were compared for cytotoxic activity. Target cells were collected from the blastic phases of diseases. 51Cr-release tests showed that the lymphocytes and plasma samples from blastic crisis of CGL had no cytotoxic activity for autologous blast cells. In contrast, cryopreserved lymphocytes and plasmas from the quiescent phase of CGL proved to be cytotoxic for the autologous tumor cells, and their effect could be blocked by native gp70 antigens of gibbon ape leukaemia virus (GaLV) and baboon endogenous virus (BaEV). A blocking effect was less frequently exerted by carbohydrate-free gp70 and p15(E) antigens. A similar relationship was found between the blastosis and remission stage of AML, however, out of the antigens of BaEV only the native gp70 showed a marked blocking effect. PMID- 3492853 TI - Changes in eye position during growth and adult life as based on exophthalmometry, interpupillary distance, and orbital distance measurements. AB - The association between eye position and age is analysed in a material comprising 267 subjects aged 5-20 years and 187 aged 21-80. The study was prompted by a previous longitudinal finding of a 3 mm increase in exophthalmometry value from age of 10 to 18 years, and by a literature almost devoid of similar investigations in young age groups. The increase in Hertel value during growth could be confirmed. An adult mean value of 16.0 mm in females and 16.6 mm in males was achieved in late teen-age years, the level being stable after that. The adult range was 11-23 mm. After a similar marked increase in the young, interpupillary distance and orbital width also showed some slight trends in adults. A suggested decrease in orbital width towards old age was consistent with a secular trend, while a concomitant increase in interpupillary distance was unexpected, the combined result being a more divergent (relative) eye position with age (P less than 0.01). There was no significant correlation between exophthalmometry and refractive value. Fixed upper Hertel value limits of normal are hard to give; clinically it is the changes that matter. Modelling of facial bony structures and soft tissue contours is discussed. PMID- 3492852 TI - [Myasthenia induced by D-penicillamine. Apropos of 2 case reports]. AB - Two cases of penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in rheumatoid polyarthritis are reported. A complete recovery was obtained in both cases. The authors discuss the clinical presentation and the pathogenetic mechanisms of that drug-induced myasthenia gravis. The presence in both cases of both the HLA antigens DR1 and BW35 is emphasized. PMID- 3492855 TI - Lysozyme in tears during post-operative inflammation of the eye. AB - Lysozyme (ly) concentration in tears was measured the day before and the days following intracapsular cataract extraction in 25 patients. A median ly concentration of 1.30 mg/ml was found pre-operatively. On the first post operative day a significant drop in the median ly concentration was observed (0.58 mg/ml). Thereafter a gradual rise towards pre-operative level was found at the 12th post-operative day. An inverse correlation existed between ly concentrations and Schirmer values during the observation period, and dilution thus seems to be an important cause of the post-operative drop in ly concentration. We observed an inverse relationship between ly level, and the number (%) of patients displaying bacterial colonization of the conjunctival sac 24 h later. The most frequently isolated bacteria were staphylococcus albus and diphteroids. It is proposed that the drop in ly concentration post-operatively may contribute to an increased risk of bacterial colonization of the eye post operatively. PMID- 3492856 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin in acute anterior uveitis and rheumatic diseases. AB - To test the pathogenetic role of the phenotype MZ of alpha 1-antitrypsin/alpha 1 protease inhibitor (PI) in acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and in different rheumatic diseases we examined 360 unrelated patients including 93 with AAU alone, 24 patients with AAU and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 21 patients with AAU and Reiter's disease (RD), 26 patients with AAU, AS, and RD 54 patients with AS alone, 16 patients with RD alone, 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) alone, and 11 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) alone. Of the 164 AAU patients, 80 had a single attack, and 84 had repeated episodes. There were neither significant differences between different groups of the patients and 120 healthy controls nor between patients with AAU alone and patients with AAU and AS or RD in the frequencies of the PI phenotypes tested. The results indicate that the PI MZ type is not closely associated with AAU, AS, RD, RA and PA and that it does not play any role in determining whether AAU shows a pattern of a single attack or repeated episodes, and whether AAU occurs alone or together with AS or RD. PMID- 3492854 TI - Changes in refraction and corneal curvature during growth and adult life. A cross sectional study. AB - A cross-sectional analysis was performed regarding refractive value (spherical equivalent) and keratometry in a sample comprising 454 subjects aged 5-80 years. The refractive range was + 5.5 to -6.75D. According to the requirements of a parallel study of eye position and age, eyes with excessive ametropia had been excluded, but otherwise the sample was considered refractively unselected. Concerning refractive distribution, the present data supplement previous investigations of adults by the first author. Myopia increased from 6% in the age group 5-10 years to a peak level about 35% in adults aged 20-40, with a subsequent decrease towards old age, where hypermetropia showed a significantly increasing share. Concerning corneal curvature radius, male and female mean values (7.93 and 7.75 mm) showed no variation through the age span under study, however with a tendency of decreasing at old age (significantly in males only). The possible association with refractive change by age is discussed. Corneal astigmatism showed the established shift from predominantly with-rule in the very young to more against-rule and oblique astigmatism cases in older subjects. PMID- 3492857 TI - Visual evoked response in syphilitic optic atrophy. A case report. AB - A case of neurosyphilis is described. The presenting symptoms were reduced visual acuity and impaired colour vision. The examination revealed bilateral optic atrophy and acquired red-green colour defect. A syphilitic aetiology was based on positive serological tests in blood and CSF, pleocytosis and increased total protein in the CSF. The abrupt decline in visual acuity was arrested by treatment with penicillin and systemic steroids, but normalization of vision was not obtained. All VER-records, of P2 latencies and morphologies were surprisingly normal, but the amplitudes were reduced. PMID- 3492858 TI - [Electronystagmography aspects of peripheral and central vestibular syndromes]. AB - This report deals with what is to be known in applying ENG in the everyday office. From vestibular, visual and proprioceptive informations central neural processing evolve to stabilize images on the retina. ENG can perform an analysis of these systems, alone or interacting. Anatomical, neurophysiological backgrounds and experimental pathophysiology results are first described. The methodic rule of anamnesis is emphasized and the non instrumental examination is outlined. Concerning the technical aspects and the ENG achievement, some nonlinearities are stressed. Next, procedure of eye movements recording, oculomotor and vestibular testing are described. Alertness, stimulation order, gaze direction and drugs influence the response. The nystagmus responses are evaluated by quantitative parameters and morphological aspects. The variability of these implies the multiplication of the pathological arguments. Peripheral vestibular disturbances lead to labyrinthine paresis or paralysis and to nystagmus directional preponderance, sometimes alone, often combined. Thermic predominance may be associated and cause of some interpretation difficulty. Diagnosis of central neurological disturbances is submitted to four conditions: only specific criteria selection; complete oculomotor and vestibular testing; graduated conclusions in function of the criteria number; no etiological but only functional or topographical diagnosis. Central vestibular syndromes lead also to labyrinthine weakness or nystagmus directional preponderance but, first at all, to specific criteria who are: saccadic, pursuit and horizontal optokinetic abnormalities, central spontaneous or positional nystagmus, failure of fixation suppression, hyperreflexia, perverted nystagmus, slowing of the nystagmus fast phases, slowing-down of the nystagmus slow phases, anisonystagmus, vertical optokinetic deficits and retraction nystagmus. Finally, these dysfunctions incidence in personal observations with some multi or unifocal central pathologies is described and the correspondent more characteristic findings are outlined. PMID- 3492860 TI - Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible long-term effects on the parents' attitudes and feelings associated with the child. AB - alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) predisposes the individual for serious lung disease in adulthood. The identification of ATD by neonatal screening was hypothesized to have negative long-term effects on the parents' attitudes and feelings associated with the child. This hypothesis was tested by comparing these attitudes and feelings of parents of 61 clinically healthy 5-7-year-old children with ATD versus those of parents of 61 control children without ATD. The data were collected by interviews in the home. No evidence was found to support the hypothesized negative effect on parental attitudes and feelings. A consistent but weak increase in positive feelings and attitudes toward the child was noted among the mothers of children with ATD. PMID- 3492859 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T-cell lymphoma with multiple cutaneous and visceral involvements. AB - Morphologic and immunological findings found in a patient with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T-cell lymphoma (IBL-T) are presented. Though the initial clinical features were suggestive of IBL, multiple cutaneous and visceral tumors appeared later in his course. The cutaneous lesion is considered to be unique, because the neoplastic T cells with suppressor/cytotoxic (S/C) phenotype showed focal epidermotropism, resulting in necrosis and ulceration of the overlying epidermis. An interesting feature in IBL-T is the frequent association of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, yet the neoplastic T cells show S/C phenotype. Since Ia-like antigen was expressed on the neoplastic T cells, it is stressed that antigen-presenting and contrasuppressor cells should also be included in the cell populations which have a possibility to be a normal counterpart of IBL-T. PMID- 3492861 TI - Identifying children at high somatic risk: possible long-term effects on the parents' relationship to the child. AB - The identification of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) by neonatal screening was hypothesized to have had negative long-term effects on the parents' relationship to the child. This hypothesis was tested by comparing selected aspects of the parent-child relationship in the families of 61 clinically healthy 5-7-year-old children with ATD versus the families of 61 control children without ATD. The data were collected by interviews with the parents in the home. In total, the evidence did not support the hypothesis of a negative effect on the parents' relationship to the child. PMID- 3492862 TI - Decreasing rates of first-admission diagnoses of schizophrenia among females in Denmark 1970-84. AB - In Denmark age-standardized rates of first-admission diagnoses of schizophrenia in females decreased significantly by 44% from 1970 to 1984. The slope of the regression line is -0.21 per 100,000 female inhabitants aged 15 years or more per year. All age groups, but especially the age group 45-54 years, contributed to the decrease in rates. Coinciding with the decrease in schizophrenia rates, an increase in age-standardized rates of borderline states in the age group 15-44 years occurred. The slope of the regression line is +0.53 per 100,000 per year. The results are compared with those in males and possible causes of the decrease are discussed. There is every probability that, as in males, part of the decrease is due to changes in diagnostic habits. PMID- 3492863 TI - Positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia as a function of chronicity. AB - The construct validity and extended stability of positive and negative syndromes were studied via multidimensional cross-sectional assessment of 134 schizophrenics in the acute, chronic, and long-term chronic stages. For all groups the syndromes were internally reliable, not significantly intercorrelated, and of similar severity. The syndromal correlates with clinical, motor, historical, and genealogical dimensions, however, differed as a function of chronicity. In acute schizophrenics, a negative syndrome was associated with clinical and genealogical indicators of good prognosis, whereas the converse obtained for a positive syndrome in the acute stage and a negative syndrome in the chronic stage. The relationship of education, marital status, and attention disorder to the positive-negative distinction also varied according to length of illness. Its meaning, therefore, appeared phase-specific and subject to evolution, obviating generalizations across all phases. Implications for theory, prognosis, current research, and future study are presented. PMID- 3492864 TI - Plasma concentrations of complement split product C3d and immune complexes after procainamide induced production of antinuclear antibodies. AB - Seventeen patients treated with procainamide for cardiac ventricular arrhythmias were followed for up to 40 weeks. Immunological data as a clue to developing the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome was emphasized. Ten patients developed antinuclear antibodies (IgG or IgM), but no increase in the plasma concentration of the complement split product C3d or immune complexes, measured by two different methods, was demonstrated. This finding is in contrast to the high levels of both C3d and immune complexes in SLE. The discrepancy may be caused by a lack of immune complex mediated complement activation by the procainamide induced antibodies, or may be due to a difference in severity of disease. The acetylator phenotype of the patients was determined but due to the low frequency of fast acetylators no comparison of the immunological response of the two phenotypes could be done. PMID- 3492865 TI - Familial alpha 1-antichymotrypsin deficiency. AB - We studied patients and their relatives with partial deficiency, approximately 50% of normal plasma levels, of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), an acute phase reactant with anti-cathepsin G activity. Six of eight ACT deficient individuals, over 25 years of age, had liver and three of eight lung manifestations, varying from severe disease to subtle laboratory abnormalities. The ACT of deficient individuals (who are heterozygotes for a rare gene, q = 0.003) had normal crossed immunoelectrophoretic properties. The abnormal gene is inherited in an autosomal, dominant way. The results suggest that deficiency of this antiprotease, which also has immune response modulating properties, may predispose to liver and lung disease. PMID- 3492866 TI - The many faces of Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - Four cases of antiglomerular basement membrane (antiGBM) antibody mediated disease with unusual features are presented. Lung involvement was absent in one patient whereas the other 3 had Goodpasture's syndrome. Recognition of the nature of the disease was delayed in all cases, due to occurrence during pregnancy in one case and due to the indolent course of the renal injury in the other 3 cases. The therapeutic approach to these variant forms of antiGBM antibody mediated disease is discussed. PMID- 3492868 TI - The lysosomal pathway of intracellular proteolysis in liver: regulation by amino acids. AB - The bulk of cellular protein in hepatocytes is sequestered and degraded by two classes of autophagy, (a) an overt or macro form, and (b) microautophagy. Macroautophagy is rapidly induced by amino acid deprivation and the administration of glucagon and suppressed by amino acids and insulin. Amino acids appear to be its primary regulator since liver perfusion studies have shown that it can be inhibited almost completely and proteolysis decreased from maximal (4.5% hr) to basal rates (1.7%/hr) by 4 times normal plasma amino acid concentrations. The resulting alterations in the aggregate volume of autophagic vacuoles are associated with proportional changes in the amount of cytoplasmic protein sequestered and in rates of protein degradation. Since the apparent turnover of autophagic vacuoles is 0.087 min-1, the pools of sequestered protein at all levels of macroautophagic stimulation are sufficient to account fully for the observed rates of accelerated rate of proteolysis. Microautophagy differs from the former in that the cytoplasmic 'bite' is smaller and it is not subject to acute physiological regulation. It is, however, dramatically decreased to near zero during refeeding after prior starvation. These and other findings indicate that it is adaptively regulated, possibly as a consequence of alterations in the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acid control of accelerated protein degradation appears to involve direct inhibition by a small group of amino acids (Leu, Tyr/Phe, Gln, Pro, Met, Trp, and His) and the permissive action of alanine. Of unusual interest is the fact that, whereas the inhibitory amino acid group evokes responses identical to a complete amino acid mixture at 0.5x and 4x normal amino acid concentrations, it loses its effectiveness at normal levels; similar responses have been shown for leucine alone. The loss of effectiveness at normal concentrations is abolished by the addition of 0.5 mM alanine which by itself is not directly inhibitory. No other amino acid can replace alanine. These findings suggest a novel role for alanine that could be of importance in linking energy demands to proteolysis. A hypothetical model for proteolytic regulation by leucine and the other inhibitory amino acids is presented. PMID- 3492867 TI - Intraventricular meningioma. A review of 10 cases of the National Hospital, Queen Square (1974-1985) with reference to the literature. AB - Ten patients with histologically verified intraventricular meningiomas were treated between 1974 and 1985. There were eight female and two male patients, ranging in age from 25 to 72 years with a mean age of 45.5 years. Headache and disturbed mentation were the most common presenting symptoms whereas corticospinal disturbance, altered mentation and homonymous hemianopia were the most common signs on formal neurological examination. Papilloedema was demonstrable in 50% of cases and evidence of dysphasia was apparent in 60% of patients with lesions affecting their dominant hemisphere. A single instance of drop attack occurred in a patient harbouring a third ventricular meningioma. Computed tomography, with and without contrast enhancement, and angiography were employed in all cases and proved highly sensitive and specific for tumour localisation and tissue diagnosis. In addition, angiography proved invaluable in demonstrating both vascular supply and the effects imposed upon the surrounding cerebral vasculature by tumour mass and hydrocephalus. Nine tumours occurred in the lateral ventricular trigone of which 5 were left-sided. A tenth tumour was located in the third ventricle. Twelve resections were performed in 10 patients. One patient was found to have a highly malignant cystic meningioma which recurred within 10 weeks of the original surgery and proved fatal shortly thereafter. A second patient whose initial resection was subtotal had a recurrence 3 years postoperatively which was totally resected. Lesions were approached most commonly through the posterior middle or posterior inferior temporal gyri. On 3 occasions a right posterior middle frontal gyrus approach was used and in one case a posterior parieto-occipital cortical incision was employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492869 TI - Reduced or unchanged cofactor function of human high molecular weight kininogen induced by human plasma kallikrein. AB - Plasma kallikrein activated spontaneously during the purification of prekallikrein (I) and acetone-activated plasma kallikrein (II) were at pH 7.4 both capable of reducing the capacity of purified human high molecular weight kininogen (HMrK) to function as cofactor in the contact phase activation of factor XII in a crude plasma preparation. At pH 6.8 only I had such an effect. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with reduction indicated that both I and II contained kallikrein as a cleaved 'three-chain molecule. I contained in addition a Mr 49,000 fraction reflecting possibly uncleaved heavy chain. The registration of reduced cofactor function of HMrK induced by plasma kallikrein is discussed in view of the assay procedure used. PMID- 3492871 TI - Aubrey O. Hampton lecture. Subspecialization in radiology: response to a need. PMID- 3492870 TI - The function of the heavy and light chain of human plasma kallikrein in the activation of factor XII. AB - In this paper we report the effect of sulfatides on rate constants of Factor XII activation by kallikrein and its isolated light chain. In free solution kallikrein and the light chain were equally effective in activating Factor XII and both enzymes had their pH optimum at pH 7.0 (k1 = 1.6 X 10(3) M-1 s-1). Sulfatides greatly stimulate Factor XII activation. When sulfatides were present kallikrein was, however, much more effective than its light chain. At 330 microM sulfatides and pH 7.0 the rate constants of Factor XII activation were 5.3 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and 4.2 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 for kallikrein and its light chain, respectively. In the presence of sulfatides, Factor XII activation by kallikrein had its pH optimum at 6.3 and the rate constant increased considerably at lower ionic strength. Light chain-dependent Factor XII activation in the presence of sulfatides, was optimal at pH 7.0 and was not affected by variation of the ionic strength. Binding studies revealed that kallikrein, Factor XII and the heavy chain of kallikrein bind to the sulfatide surface, whereas no binding of the light chain of kallikrein was detectable. Since the effects of pH and ionic strength on sulfatide-dependent Factor XII activation by kallikrein can be explained by effects on kallikrein binding to sulfatides we conclude that surface bound Factor XII is activated by surface-bound kallikrein. Our data suggest that sulfatides stimulate Factor XII activation via two distinct mechanisms: a) by making Factor XII more susceptible to proteolytic cleavage and b) by promoting the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex through surface binding of both kallikrein and factor XII. PMID- 3492872 TI - Urography and voiding cystourethrography: findings in girls with urinary tract infection. AB - The voiding cystourethrogram and excretory urogram have been considered essential parts of the evaluation of girls with urinary tract infections. To evaluate the usefulness of these procedures, 523 examinations in girls with urinary tract infections were reviewed retrospectively. The major finding on voiding cystourethrograms was vesicoureteral reflux, occurring in 36% of the children. Of the total group, 8% had excretory urographic evidence of parenchymal scarring. Higher grades of reflux were associated with an increase in parenchymal scarring. All urethras were normal, and only one paraureteral diverticulum was identified. Bladder emptying was incomplete in 46% of the patients. Ovarian radiation doses were measured with "low-dose" and standard systems. On the basis of this study, traditional approaches to the standard workup are questioned. PMID- 3492874 TI - Stones in the urinary bladder in children and young adults. AB - Bladder stones were diagnosed in 22 children and young adults at The Children's Hospital, Boston, from 1969 to 1985. One half of the patients were less than 12 years old (mean, 11.9 years). One or more lithogenic factors were implicated in all but two. The most common causes were the presence of an intravesical foreign body, infection with Proteus (a urea-splitting organism), exstrophy of the bladder, and the presence of intestinal mucosa in the urinary tract. The radiologic features of the stones were not specific, and no special techniques were needed to identify them. Heightened awareness of patients at risk will lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3492873 TI - Ureteral dilatation in children with febrile urinary tract infection or bacteriuria. AB - Little information is available on the relationship between urinary infection in children and infants, with or without vesicoureteral reflux, and dilatation of the urinary tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of infection and reflux on the diameter of the ureter at excretory urography in children with acute, febrile urinary tract infections and in infants with bacteriuria found at screening. Standardized measurements of ureteral diameter were obtained for 79 children (2 months to 6 years old) with urinary tract infections and for 45 infants with bacteriuria. Patients with urinary tract obstruction or malformations were excluded. Seventy-one children with febrile urinary tract infection had ureteral visualization that allowed measurements. Ureteral diameter in this group was significantly wider than in a reference group, and 42 children (59%) had ureteral diameters that were more than 2 standard deviations above the normal mean. Ureteral diameter at excretory urography increased with increasing grades of reflux, but dilatation occurred also in the absence of reflux. Twenty-two of the 45 infants in the group with bacteriuria had sufficient ureteral visualization for measurements. The ureters in this group were wider than in the reference group, and eight infants had ureteral diameters that were more than 2 standard deviations above the normal mean. We conclude that ureteral dilatation is a common effect of acute urinary tract infection and bacteriuria in children. PMID- 3492875 TI - The duplex collecting system in girls with urinary tract infection: prevalence and significance. AB - The association between vesicoureteral reflux, parenchymal scarring, and urinary tract infection in children with nonduplicated collecting systems is well known, but similar data for children with duplex systems are sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of duplex anomalies in girls with a history of urinary tract infection and to compare the prevalence of associated reflux and parenchymal scarring to that found in girls with nonduplex systems. Voiding cystourethrograms and excretory urograms of 560 girls referred for evaluation of urinary tract infections were reviewed retrospectively. Duplex collecting systems (complete and partial) were found in 8%. Vesicoureteral reflux was seen in 69% of complete duplex systems and in 22% of partial duplex systems. Parenchymal scarring was evident in 17% of those girls with complete duplication and in 6% of those with incomplete duplication. The statistics for girls with partial duplication were very similar to those for girls with urinary tract infection and nonduplex systems. These data indicated that girls with partial duplex systems clinically appear similar to those girls with anatomically normal systems. Girls with complete duplex systems had a higher prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux and associated anomalies, indicating a need for closer follow-up and/or surgical intervention. PMID- 3492876 TI - Pulmonary vascular obstruction in severe ARDS: angiographic alterations after i.v. fibrinolytic therapy. AB - IV streptokinase was infused to test the potential reversibility of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated pulmonary vascular thrombosis in five patients suffering from severe ARDS with elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and angiographically documented pulmonary vascular thrombosis. At 48 hr there was clearance of obstructions in arteries larger than 1 mm in diameter in all patients, increased filling of the microvasculature and small arteries less than 1 mm in diameter in four patients, a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in all patients, a rise in cardiac output in four patients, improved oxygenation (PAO2/FlO2) in three patients, and variable changes in shunt fraction and ventilator pressures. Expressed as a mean fraction of the preinfusion controls, the postinfusion physiologic values were pulmonary artery pressure = 0.89 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance = 0.68 mm Hg X min/L, cardiac output = 1.36 L/min, central venous pressure = 0.77 cm H2O, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure = 0.92 mm Hg, PAO2/FlO2 = 1.08, and shunt fraction = 0.95. Follow-up angiography showed no evidence of reocclusion. Postmortem studies of the three nonsurvivors confirmed recanalization of thrombosed pulmonary arteries. One documented bleeding episode occurred. We conclude that fibrinolytic infusion can lyse thrombi and possibly improve hemodynamics and oxygenation in ARDS-associated pulmonary vascular thrombosis. PMID- 3492877 TI - CT assessment of silicosis in exposed workers. AB - For evaluation of the clinical usefulness of CT of the thorax in workers exposed to silica, 58 workers with long-term exposure to silica in the granite and foundry industries of the Eastern Townships of Quebec were examined. CT scans were compared with standard posteroanterior chest radiographs by using the International Labour Office 1980 grading system for silicosis. Six areas of the lung in each patient were assessed by both techniques for profusion (number) of opacities (small nodules), coalescence, and the presence of large opacities. CT scans and chest radiographs yielded similar average scores for detection of opacities. CT identified significantly more coalescence and large opacities in patients with simple silicosis. In patients with complicated silicosis, CT results were comparable with those of chest radiographs. CT of the thorax in workers exposed to silica does not identify more patients with minimal parenchymal disease, but it does detect earlier changes of coalescence. PMID- 3492879 TI - Mediastinal paraganglioma: radiologic evaluation of an unusual vascular tumor. PMID- 3492878 TI - Mediastinal imaging in myasthenia gravis: correlation of chest radiography, CT, MR, and surgical findings. AB - Chest radiographs and CT and MR images of the mediastinum were studied in 16 patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy (two with a final diagnosis of thymoma, seven with hyperplasia, and seven with a normal thymus). The anterior mediastinum was analyzed on imaging studies for thymic morphology and the presence of mass lesions, and the findings were then correlated with the results of surgical resection and pathologic examination. The chest radiographs detected an anterior mediastinal mass in two patients consistent with thymoma on subsequent CT and MR examinations. Chest radiographs in the other 14 patients were normal. In seven patients with a final diagnosis of thymic hyperplasia, both CT and MR demonstrated normal thymic morphology in five, an enlarged thymus in one, and a small thymus in one that was easily identified on CT but was difficult to define on MR. In the other seven patients with a normal thymus on pathologic examination, both CT and MR showed an involuted thymus in four, a normal thymus in two, and an enlarged thymus in one. While both CT and MR were superior to chest radiography for studying the thymus, CT provided better spatial resolution and thymic definition in a much shorter scanning time than MR did. This study suggests that CT should remain the procedure of choice when further imaging of the thymus is needed after the initial chest radiographs in patients with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3492880 TI - Mammographic density and physical assessment of the breast. AB - We studied the relationship between the radiographic density of the breast as measured by parenchymal pattern vs age, breast size, thickness after compression, and compressibility. Two hundred consecutive women were evaluated. None of the three parameters or the patient's age correlated with the degree of radiographic density. Although more older women had lucent parenchyma, 37% of women more than 50 years of age had dense patterns. Thus, these factors cannot be used to predict radiographic density. Phototiming is required to maintain image quality, and only a test exposure can accurately predict breast density. PMID- 3492881 TI - Primary adrenocortical carcinoma: CT evaluation with clinical correlation. AB - Clinical histories and CT findings were reviewed in 38 patients with primary adrenocortical carcinomas. The primary tumors exhibited central areas of low attenuation representing tumor necrosis (n = 26), irregular contrast enhancement (n = 16), detectable calcification (n = 9), and a thin, capsulelike rim surrounding the tumor (n = 7). Tumors metastasized to liver (n = 9), lung (n = 5), and lymph nodes (n = 5). In eight of nine cases of liver metastasis the primary tumor arose in the left adrenal gland. Evidence of endocrinopathy was present in each of nine patients with lesions 6 cm or less in diameter, but in only two of seven adults with lesions exceeding 15 cm in diameter. We conclude that, contrary to established concepts, adrenocortical carcinoma may present as a smooth, homogeneous, functioning mass 6 cm or less in diameter on CT. PMID- 3492882 TI - CT evaluation of Crohn's disease: effect on patient management. AB - CT scans from 80 consecutive patients with clinically symptomatic Crohn's disease were reviewed retrospectively to determine the effect of CT diagnosis on patient management. The initial clinical impression and any subsequent change in patient management because of the CT findings were noted. In 22 (28%) of the 80 patients, significant previously unsuspected findings led to a change in medical or surgical management. These included 12 patients with fistulae, four with abscess, two with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, two with sacral osteomyelitis, and single cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and femoral vein thrombosis. PMID- 3492883 TI - Diagnosis of acute colonic diverticulitis: comparison of barium enema and CT. AB - The contrast enema and CT studies in 102 patients with a clinical diagnosis (41%) or surgically confirmed (59%) diagnosis of colonic diverticulitis were reviewed retrospectively to determine the sensitivity of the two techniques. Combined results from all patients showed that the contrast enema was correct in 77% of patients. The contrast enema was falsely negative in 15% and was indeterminate in 7%. The CT examination was diagnostic in 41%, consistent with the diagnosis of diverticulitis in 38%, and falsely negative in 21% of patients. Both CT and contrast enemas were more accurate in patients with severe disease requiring surgery. No complications occurred from 109 enemas performed. Patient management was altered in only one patient as a result of the additional information provided by CT. The contrast enema should remain the initial and routine examination for the evaluation of patients with suspected diverticulitis. CT should be reserved for patients who are unable to have an adequate contrast enema, those with suspected distant or diffuse abdominal abscess, those who are unresponsive to medical therapy, and those who are candidates for percutaneous drainage. PMID- 3492884 TI - Efficacy of an intracassette filter for improved pneumocolon decubitus radiographs. PMID- 3492885 TI - High-resolution MR imaging of the normal rotator cuff. AB - The shoulders of six normal volunteers were imaged with high-resolution MR in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. An angled pair of counter-rotating current loop-gap resonators designed specifically for the shoulder was used as a local coil. All images were compared with corresponding cryomicrotome sections from cadaver shoulders. The rotator cuff was analyzed in detail. It appeared as a complex, heterogeneous band to tissue superficial to the humeral head. The areas of low signal intensity corresponded to the central tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles. These tendons could be distinguished from each other as well as from the intervening components of the cuff, which have a moderate intensity. We concluded that MR is capable of imaging the normal rotator cuff and of separating the various components. This may allow for improved precision in the diagnosis of rotator cuff disorders. PMID- 3492886 TI - Lumbar hernia: diagnosis by CT. AB - Lumbar hernias occur in the region of the flank bounded by the 12th rib, the iliac crest, and the erector spinae and external oblique muscles. We present the CT findings of seven lumbar hernias: six traumatic (four secondary to postoperative flank incisions, one secondary to an iliac bone-graft donor site, one secondary to nonunion of an iliac fracture) and one spontaneous. Because CT portrays the anatomic relationships in this region so well, it may be the only radiographic procedure necessary to make the diagnosis of a lumbar hernia. Furthermore, it can be helpful in the assessment of symptomatic patients after flank incision, to differentiate postincisional muscular weakness and intercostal neuralgia from a lumbar hernia. PMID- 3492887 TI - Direct radiographic magnification with computed radiography. AB - Computed radiography was combined with a 0.1-mm microfocus radiographic tube to obtain radiographic magnification of a x3 to x5. Gray-scale image processing compensated for the loss of radiographic contrast associated with the high kilovoltage, short-exposure technique. The high-pass spatial frequency filtering capability of the computed radiography resulted in enhanced edges and increased displayed latitude. The improved image quality obtained by magnification computed radiography allowed delineation of subtle abnormalities and small anatomic structures not apparent on conventional screen-film contact or magnification radiographs. PMID- 3492888 TI - CT diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 3492889 TI - Superficial fascial calcification in epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 3492890 TI - MR imaging and spectroscopy in clinical and experimental cerebral ischemia: a review. PMID- 3492891 TI - MR imaging of the intratemporal facial nerve by using surface coils. AB - MR images of the intratemporal portion of the facial nerve were obtained with surface coils using a 0.3-T permanent magnet whole-body imaging system. Various 2DFT spin-echo pulse sequences were used to produce 5-mm thick sections with 0.5 mm pixels on a 512 X 512 acquisition matrix. The MR images from normal volunteers were correlated with cryosection specimens of three fresh human cadavers. The seventh nerve was followed in the internal auditory and fallopian canal and through temporal bone to the stylomastoid foramen. The entire labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid portions, as well as the geniculate ganglion, could be shown with appropriate scan planes. MR produces excellent images of the facial nerve with high-contrast resolution. Unlike CT, no beam-hardening artifact from the temporal bone is apparent. MR should be a sensitive study for the evaluation of intratemporal facial nerve disease. PMID- 3492892 TI - The utility of MR in planning the radiation therapy of oligodendroglioma. AB - Newer methods of radiation therapy for treating oligodendroglioma after surgical resection have produced promising results using high doses of radiation. However, these doses are close to those that cause necrosis of normal brain, making the accurate spatial localization of tissue at risk for containing tumor cells more important. Because MR imaging is superior to CT in detecting some types of intracranial disease, nine patients with oligodendroglioma were studied with both MR and CT. Results were compared with surgical findings. In six cases, MR identified some tumor volume found during surgery that was not detected by CT. In addition, the interface between abnormality (tumor plus edema) and normality was depicted much more clearly by MR than by CT in most cases. Such superior depiction of the margins of abnormality is important for radiation therapy planning because of the known tendency of oligodendroglioma to infiltrate adjacent edema, making all areas of abnormality potential tumor-bearing tissue. Finally, MR showed normal brain tissue in areas considered suspicious by CT, because they were not well seen on CT in several patients. In these cases of low grade oligodendroglioma, MR was believed to be superior to CT in providing information needed for radiation therapy planning because of its ability to distinguish tumor and adjacent edema (considered tissue at risk for containing microscopic tumor) from contiguous normal brain. PMID- 3492893 TI - Direct oblique sagittal CT of orbital wall fractures. AB - Direct oblique sagittal CT was used to evaluate trauma to 77 orbits. Sixty-seven orbital wall fractures with intact orbital rims (36 floor, 22 medial wall, nine roof) were identified in 47 orbits. Since persistent diplopia and/or enophthalmos may warrant surgical repair of orbital floor fractures, optimal imaging should include an evaluation of extraocular muscle status, the nature and amount of displaced orbital contents, and an accurate definition of fracture margins. For orbital floor fractures, a combination of the direct oblique sagittal and direct coronal projections optimally displayed all fracture margins, the fracture's relationship to the inferior orbital rim and medial orbital wall, and the amount of displacement into the maxillary sinus. Inferior rectus muscle status with 36 floor fractures was best seen on the direct oblique sagittal projection in 30 fractures (83.3%) and was equally well seen on sagittal and coronal projections in two fractures (5.5%). Floor fractures were missed on 100% of axial, 5.5% of sagittal, and 0% of coronal projections. Since the direct oblique sagittal projection complements the direct coronal projection in evaluating orbital floor fractures, it should not be performed alone. A technical approach to the CT evaluation or orbital wall fractures is presented. PMID- 3492894 TI - The "fat" C2: a sign of fracture. AB - Rotational and lateral bending injuries may cause oblique fractures of the centrum (body) of the second cervical vertebra below the odontoid and plane of the superior articular facets. These fractures are often obscure because the fracture lines are frequently not perpendicular to the plane of the radiograph on either anteroposterior or lateral views. The fracture fragments may shift in relation to one another, causing the body of C2 to appear enlarged or "fat" in relation to C3. We discuss the basis of the "fat" C2 sign and illustrate a variety of fractures that can produce this change. PMID- 3492896 TI - Direct percutaneous ureterolithotomy. PMID- 3492895 TI - Traumatic pneumorrhachis. PMID- 3492898 TI - Phase-offset technique to distinguish slow blood flow and thrombus on MR images. PMID- 3492897 TI - Two-second MR images: comparison with spin-echo images in 29 patients. AB - MR images can be obtained with a 2-sec scan time when an extremely short repetition rate (22 msec), limited flip angle (30 degrees), and gradient refocused echoes are used. Comparison of 415 such images obtained in 29 patients with routine T1-weighted (TR 500, TE 25) and T2-weighted (TR 2000, TE 80) images showed that images free of respiratory artifacts could be obtained in all patients. Although abdominal organs were well seen with 2-sec scan time, overall evaluation of these organs was better on routine T1-weighted images. Vascular structures, however, were seen as well or better on the 2-sec images in 60% of cases. The images were extremely sensitive to field nonhomogeneity, and metallic artifact was exaggerated in five patients with surgical clips. Two-sec MR images provide a rapid method of localizing abdominal organs for further evaluation. The sensitivity to blood flow may assist in the assessment of vascular patency. PMID- 3492899 TI - MRI of the normal pericardium. PMID- 3492900 TI - Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation vs. benign florid reactive periostitis. PMID- 3492901 TI - Language of certainty. PMID- 3492903 TI - Heating lidocaine appears to prevent painful injection. PMID- 3492902 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia vs catheter-induced renal artery spasm. PMID- 3492904 TI - The reverse lordotic view for visualization of the lung bases. PMID- 3492905 TI - A clinical year for radiology trainees: necessary or detrimental? PMID- 3492906 TI - Electrophysiologic effects and long-term efficacy of bepridil for recurrent supraventricular tachycardias. AB - Thirteen patients underwent electrophysiologic evaluation for recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The effects of intravenous bepridil (4 mg/kg) were evaluated during the initial study in 5 patients, and 12 patients underwent repeat study 7 to 10 days later taking oral bepridil, 300 to 400 mg/day. Intravenous bepridil increased the pacing cycle length inducing atrioventricular (AV) (276 +/- 43 vs 334 +/- 31 ms, p less than 0.01) and ventriculoatrial (VA) block (268 +/- 34 vs 310 +/- 35 ms, p less than 0.001), the retrograde refractory period of the accessory pathway (251 +/- 17 vs 295 +/- 25 ms, p less than 0.05) and the ventricular refractory period (216 +/- 17 vs 226 +/- 11 ms, p less than 0.05), and prevented induction of sustained SVT in 3 patients. Oral bepridil increased the sinus cycle length (723 +/- 64 vs 800 +/- 118 ms, p less than 0.05), corrected QT (403 +/- 14 vs 431 +/- 21 ms, p less than 0.05) and the pacing cycle inducing AV (288 +/- 63 vs 353 +/- 78 ms, p less than 0.01) and VA block (271 +/- 31 vs 408 +/- 124 ms, p less than 0.01). It prolonged the refractory period of the atrium (195 +/- 29 vs 233 +/- 36 ms, p less than 0.05), AV node (264 +/- 35 vs 303 +/- 22 ms, p less than 0.05), ventricle (221 +/- 16 vs 245 +/- 21 ms, p less than 0.01), accessory pathway in the AV (290 +/- 47 vs 329 +/- 54 ms, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492907 TI - Predictive importance of clinical findings and a predischarge exercise test in patients with suspected unstable coronary artery disease. AB - The prognostic information of clinical variables and a predischarge exercise test was studied in 400 patients (282 men, 118 women) admitted to the coronary care unit with suspected unstable coronary artery disease, that is, recurring chest pain of new onset, increasing anginal pain in formerly stable angina pectoris or suspected nontransmural acute myocardial infarction. Forty-nine coronary events occurred in the 276 men who performed the exercise test during the following year, whereas only 5 coronary events occurred among the 118 women. The only variable of prognostic importance in women was nontransmural myocardial infarction. In men, the clinical variables increasing age, duration of angina, ST or T-segment changes on the rest electrocardiogram and increasing angina or nontransmural myocardial infarction as inclusion criteria were associated with increased occurrence of coronary artery bypass surgery, transmural myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Findings of ST-segment depression, limiting chest pain or low rate-pressure product during the exercise test were of greater value than any clinical variable in prediction of coronary artery bypass surgery, transmural myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Within all clinical subgroups of men, the results of the exercise test had an additive predictive value for future coronary events. Combinations of clinical data and exercise test results enabled the best identification of patients with high or low risk for coronary events. PMID- 3492908 TI - QT prolongation and torsades de pointes after administration of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3492909 TI - Thymic hypoplasia associated with isotretinoin embryopathy. AB - A newborn had isotretinoin embryopathy, including thymic hypoplasia. Evaluation of her immune functions demonstrated progressive attrition of T cells over the nine weeks until her death due to pneumonia. These studies strongly suggest an insult by isotretinoin to the immune system. Immune abnormalities may predispose infants with isotretinoin embryopathy to infection and contribute to their high mortality. PMID- 3492910 TI - Bone mineral content in children 1 to 6 years of age. Detectable sex differences after 4 years of age. AB - Age- and sex-specific bone mineral measures have not been available for healthy preschool children. We determined bone mineral content (BMC) and bone width in 89 children 1 to 6 years of age using direct photon absorptiometry at the one-third distal radius site. The BMC increased significantly with age, and bone width increased slightly with age. After stratification by age, male and female children had similar BMC from 1 to 4 years of age, but female children had significantly lower BMC at 5 to 6 years of age. PMID- 3492912 TI - Spirometry variability criteria--association with respiratory morbidity and mortality in a cohort of coal miners. AB - To clarify the association between spirometry variability and respiratory morbidity and mortality, the authors analyzed data for miners examined in the first round of the National Coal Study, 1969-1971, and they compared groups of miners who failed with those who met each of two spirometry variability criteria: a 5% criterion recommended by the American Thoracic Society, and a 200 ml criterion used in prior research studies. Compared with miners who met the 5% criterion (the best two forced vital capacities must be within 5% or 100 ml of one another), the group that failed had a lower mean for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and odds ratios for cough, phlegm, wheeze, shortness of breath, and death of 1.75, 1.67, 1.76, 2.71, and 1.30, respectively. The findings for the 200 ml criterion (the best two FEV1s must be within 200 ml of one another) were somewhat different. The group that failed versus the group that met this criterion had a higher mean for FEV1, and odds ratios for cough, phlegm, wheeze, shortness of breath, and death of 1.13, 1.07, 1.15, 1.43, and 0.94, respectively. Although the findings differ for the two criteria, the findings demonstrate that increased spirometry variability is associated with poorer health. PMID- 3492911 TI - The effect of perinatal screening in Norway on the magnitude of noninherited risk factors for congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - Several investigators have noted an increase in the rate of congenital dislocation of the hip shortly after the initiation of neonatal screening procedures. This increase has been attributed to the detection of temporarily unstable hips which require no corrective treatment. To test whether neonatal screening had low specificity, the authors obtained data on 17,145 offspring of 7,896 twins from the Norwegian Twin Panel. Information from maternal reproduction history questionnaires was available on the presence or absence of congenital dislocation of the hip, type of obstetric delivery, and parity. The reported prevalence of the disorder did indeed begin to rise sharply during the late 1950s, at which time neonatal screening started in Norway. Infants were then grouped by year of birth (born before or after 1960), and odds ratios were calculated for breech delivery and early (first or second) parity. For the pre screening group, the odds ratio of congenital dislocation of the hip was 7.7 among children delivered by breech presentation and 2.6 among those of early parity. These values are similar to those found in other studies. In the post screening group, the odds ratios for breech delivery and early parity were 1.5 and 1.2, respectively. Breech delivery and early parity have been consistent risk factors for congenital dislocation of the hip. Their diminished influence in the post-screening group, as well as sharply increased rates of the disorder, suggests that in Norway neonatal screening programs may have had low specificity in detecting cases that required treatment. PMID- 3492913 TI - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing as acute myelomonocytic leukemia and terminating possibly as chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - A 9-year-old boy suffering from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with a mediastinal mass had a complete remission as a result of treatment. Ten months later, he developed a typical acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) pattern. Two months after a second relapse, he showed a clinical picture that was indistinguishable from chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). At autopsy, massive infiltration of CML-like cells was observed even in the thymus (190 g). These observations suggest that the leukemia in this child arose in a pluripotent stem cell capable of differentiation into both T-lymphocytic and myelomonocytic lineages. PMID- 3492914 TI - Silent myocardial ischemia during mastication. AB - Ambulatory outpatient monitoring of patients with angina suggests a different view of myocardial ischemia than is conventionally obtained from in-hospital tests. Multiple episodes of ST segment depression occur, and the majority of these disturbances are not associated with symptoms. Recently, studies of regional myocardial perfusion using the technique of positron emission tomography with rubidium 82 have confirmed the ischemic nature of these silent ST changes. Furthermore, activities of everyday life such as mental stress or cold exposure seem to provoke both symptomatic and asymptomatic ischemia, as judged by ST depression and reduced cation uptake. This report presents an unusual case of silent myocardial ischemia observed during the chewing of food. PMID- 3492915 TI - Familial atrioventricular block: predisposition not associated with the HLA system. PMID- 3492916 TI - Clinical features of acute anterior uveitis. AB - We studied the clinical features and prognosis of 73 patients with HLA-B27 positive and 71 patients with HLA-B27 negative acute anterior uveitis using computer analysis of more than 50 variables per patient. The patients with HLA B27 positive acute anterior uveitis showed the following characteristics which were significantly different from patients with HLA-B27 negative acute anterior uveitis: younger age at onset; high male to female ratio; frequent unilateral alternating eye involvement; severe ocular symptoms during activity, such as presence of fibrin in the anterior chamber; absence of mutton fat keratic precipitates; high incidence of ocular complications; and frequent association with seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Despite the difference of disease severity and incidence of complications, the long-term visual outcome did not differ significantly between the two groups. No distinctions were observed when patients with HLA-B27 positive acute anterior uveitis were subdivided according to sex or the presence of ankylosing spondylitis. HLA-B27 positive acute anterior uveitis formed a distinct clinical entity associated with serious prognosis as compared to HLA-B27 negative acute anterior uveitis. PMID- 3492917 TI - Histopathologic study of the effect of retinal detachment surgery on 49 eyes obtained post mortem. AB - We studied 49 eyes obtained post mortem from 43 patients who had previously had retinal detachment surgery to evaluate some of the factors known to complicate retinal detachment. The retina had been successfully reattached in 44 of 49 eyes. We found epiretinal membranes in 37 eyes (75.5%), and in 15 eyes (30.6%) these membranes caused some degree of macular pucker. Other important findings included atrophy of the photoreceptor layer in 13 eyes (26.5%), intrusion of the implant in ten eyes (21.7%), cystoid macular edema in five eyes (10.2%), ciliochoroidal effusion in five eyes (10.2%), anterior segment necrosis in four eyes (8.2%), and choroidal neovascularization in three eyes (6.1%). PMID- 3492918 TI - Ocular findings in cystic fibrosis. AB - We examined 32 patients with cystic fibrosis, paying special attention to optic nerve performance and pupillary function. Decreased visual acuity occurred in nine of 64 eyes. Three of 17 patients (18%) who used chloramphenicol had bilaterally delayed P100 waves of the visual-evoked response of greater than 3 standard deviations. This was not found in patients who did not use chloramphenicol. Contrast sensitivity in patients with cystic fibrosis was decreased at every spatial frequency when compared to healthy controls. This decrease was noted in patients who did and did not use chloramphenicol, suggesting that chloramphenicol is not the only cause of decreased contrast sensitivity in cystic fibrosis. With pharmacologic pupil testing we determined that patients with cystic fibrosis display a preganglionic oculosympathetic paresis that corresponded to the disease severity, as measured by the Shwachman score. PMID- 3492919 TI - Otoconial pathology in a strain of the waltzing guinea pig. AB - The waltzing guinea pig is born with a clinically apparent vestibular dysfunction. In the present study otoconia in the maculae utriculi were studied with scanning electron microscopy in animals aged from newborn to six months old. Malformed otoconia, dumbbell-shaped and asymmetrically shaped otoconia occurred together with otoconia showing various degrees of morphologic degeneration. It is suggested that the otoconial pathologic condition starts prenatally and that an abnormal composition of endolymph may further contribute to the vestibular dysfunction. PMID- 3492920 TI - Zinc for tinnitus, imbalance, and hearing loss in the elderly. PMID- 3492921 TI - Physiological changes induced in cardiac myocytes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The "lethal hit" induced by viral specific, sensitized, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) attacking virus-infected heart cells is important in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis and reflects the key role of CTL in this immune response. The mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Studies of the physiological changes induced in mengovirus-infected, cultured, neonatal, rat heart cells by CTL that had been previously sensitized by the same virus are presented. The CTL were obtained from spleens of mengovirus-infected, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matched adult rats. Cell wall motion was measured by an optical method, action potentials with intracellular microelectrodes, and total exchangeable calcium content by 45Ca tracer measurements after loading the myocytes with 45Ca and then exposing them to CTL. After 50 min (mean time) of exposing mengovirus-infected myocytes to the CTL, the mechanical relaxation of the myocyte was slowed, with a subsequent slowing of beating rate and a reduced amplitude of contraction. Impaired relaxation progressed, and prolonged oscillatory contractions lasting up to several seconds appeared, with accompanying oscillations in the prolonged plateau phase of the action potentials. Arrest of the myocyte contractions appeared 98 min (mean time) after exposure to CTL. These changes in action potentials and contractions were reversible either by washout with the normal medium or by the addition of verapamil. The amount of total exchangeable calcium in the cultured myocytes, 1 h after exposure to CTL, was significantly increased. This increase was prevented by pretreatment with verapamil. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3492922 TI - Cation dependence of posttetanic potentiation of neuromuscular transmission. AB - We have investigated the possibility that much of posttetanic potentiation (PTP) of quantal release of neurotransmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction may be due to posttetanic accumulation of [Ca2+]i, via a plasmalemmal Cao2+-Nai+ exchanger that is powered by an increase in Nai+ during the tetanus. Our new findings on the cationic dependence of PTP are consistent with this hypothesis. 1) Several manuevers that decrease Na+-K+ pump activity, (decreasing [K+]o, replacing K+o with Rb+o or Li+o, or adding acetylstrophanthidin to Ringers), all increase the intratetanic rise and prolong the posttetanic decay of epp quantal content (m) and miniature epp frequency (fmepp). 2) Increasing [Ca2+]i or [Sr2+]o, but not [Mg2+]o, increases posttetanic fmepp in a graded fashion. 3) PTP of fmepp is still present after addition of Mn2+o, which blocks voltage dependent Ca2+ entry. PMID- 3492924 TI - Quantitative fluorescence microscopy on single capillaries: alpha-lactalbumin transport. AB - We have extended the use of a microscope densitometric technique [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 14): H495-H505, 1983] to measure the solute permeability coefficients (Pa) of fluorescently labeled solutes in single perfused capillaries of frog mesentery. The method enables the transcapillary flux of solutes larger than 10,000 mol wt to be measured under conditions where the forces that determine both solute and water flows across the capillary wall are known. The Pa for alpha-lactalbumin (mol wt 14,176, Stokes radius 2.02 nm) increased from a mean value of 2.1 X 10(-6) cm/s when capillary pressure was 3.0 cmH2O (no net filtration) to greater than 4.0 X 10(-6) cm/s when capillary pressure was 15 cmH2O. Taking a value of 0.35 for the solvent drag reflection coefficient for alpha-lactalbumin, we conclude that the increased solute flux represents solvent drag through a water pathway with a hydraulic conductivity of 3.6 X 10(-7) cm X s-1 X cmH2O-1. Our data conforms to the hypothesis that alpha lactalbumin is transported across the capillary wall by restricted diffusion and solvent drag in a pathway that carries 90% of the transcapillary water flow (the principle water pathway). In vitro and in vivo calibration experiments have been carried out to test the assumption that the measured fluorescent light intensity is proportional to the number of fluorescent molecules in the measuring window of the photometer. PMID- 3492923 TI - Interleukin 1-induced depression of iron and zinc: role of granulocytes and lactoferrin. AB - The mechanism(s) of stress-induced hypoferremia and hypozincemia remains unclear. We studied the role of granulocytes and lactoferrin (LF) in endotoxin and murine interleukin 1 (IL-1)-induced depression of serum Fe and Zn concentrations in both rabbits and rats. Both endotoxin and IL-1 administration induced significant hypoferremia (P less than 0.01) and hypozincemia (P less than 0.01) after 6 h in both species. Granulocyte depletion before IL-1 infusion significantly (P less than 0.01) diminished the hypoferremia but not the hypozincemia. Moreover, infusion of 5 or 15 mg of human LF into rabbits caused significant hypoferremia (P less than 0.005) without hypozincemia. Significant hypozincemia (P less than 0.01) could only be demonstrated after a 75-mg infusion. In contrast, infusions of human transferrin at equivalent doses (5, 15, and 75 mg) induced neither hypoferremia nor hypozincemia. Therefore endotoxin and IL-1-induced hypoferremia and, to a much lesser degree, hypozincemia are granulocyte dependent. Granulocyte released LF is a specific carrier molecule for transport and removal of Fe from the circulation during the acute phase response. The data suggest a mechanistic dissociation of IL-1-induced hypoferremia and hypozincemia with LF-independent mechanisms for Zn. PMID- 3492925 TI - Endothelium-derived relaxant factor inhibits effects of nitrocompounds in isolated arteries. AB - We investigated the influence of endothelial cells on the smooth muscle vasodilator effects to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or Teopranitol (an organic mononitrate) in isolated segments of rabbit aorta and femoral artery. In the femoral artery, the vasodilator responses to both nitrocompounds were significantly higher in the absence of endothelial cells or after pretreatment with the endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF) inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; 10 microM). Moreover, under conditions of stimulated EDRF release (induced by acetylcholine; 30-100 nM) the vasodilator responses to SNP were further attenuated in vessels with intact endothelium. By contrast, in the rabbit aorta, the vasodilator responses to the nitrocompounds were not significantly altered by either endothelium removal or treatment with NDGA. However, in the presence of the EDRF stimulator acetylcholine, the dose response curve to SNP was shifted to right in the aorta as well. The role of EDRF in the endothelium-mediated attenuation of the dilator potency of SNP was further investigated by using EDRF released from cultured (bovine aortic) endothelial cells. The dilator effects of SNP were compared in endothelium denuded femoral or aortic segments in the presence or absence of EDRF. The vasodilator effects of SNP in both types of arteries were significantly reduced in the presence of EDRF. We conclude that EDRF attenuates the arterial vasodilation induced by SNP and Teopranitol. The results further suggest that endothelial cells exhibit a greater basal release of EDRF in the femoral artery than in the aorta, since under unstimulated conditions an EDRF-induced attenuation was seen only in femoral and not in aortic segments. PMID- 3492926 TI - Effect of superfusate albumin on single capillary hydraulic conductivity. AB - It has been proposed that albumin interacts with the endothelial cell surface to form part of the molecular filter at the capillary wall. Previous investigations of the "protein effect" have been limited to sites accessible to albumin from the capillary lumen. We tested for a specific interaction of albumin with the ablumenal surface of the capillary wall. The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of single capillaries in frog mesentery, perfused initially with albumin-free Ringer, was reduced when albumin (concentration greater than 1 mg/ml) was added to the superfusate (mean fractional reduction 0.56 +/- 0.05 SE, n = 15). A similar reduction was measured when the mesothelial barrier to water and solute flows between the superfusate and the albuminal surface of the capillary was destroyed. When the albumin was extensively dialyzed against Ringer to remove small vasoactive molecules, no change in the fractional reduction of Lp was observed. Lp was reduced to a minimum value in any capillary when the albumin concentration on both sides of the capillary wall was greater than 1 mg/ml. Our data conform to the hypothesis that albumin modifies structures throughout the capillary wall to maintain normal permeability. We predict that extravascular albumin reduces the ability of a Ringer perfusate to increase permeability in many isolated perfused organs. PMID- 3492927 TI - Sex-related differences in fever development of rats. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or partially purified endogenous pyrogen (EP) was injected intravenously into rats of both sexes to induce fever. In LPS fever, which was easily produced in 24-h dehydrated rats with an intravenous injection of LPS, the female rats showed an attenuated febrile reaction as measured by both the maximum increase of rectal temperature (Tre) and the thermal response index (TI). Although castrated female rats showed the same magnitude of febrile reaction to that in normal female rats, castrated male rats had less of a febrile response than normal male rats. During EP fever, the maximum increase of Tre and TI between the male and female rats was also observed to be different. However, castration of rats of both sexes did not affect the febrile reaction to intravenous injection of EP. Ten-week-old female rats, treated by a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate on the 1st day after birth, produced a similar magnitude of febrile reaction to that in the normal male rats that were comparable in age. It is concluded that there are sex-related differences in fever development, due both to EP production and structural sexual differences in the central nervous system pathways regulating fever. PMID- 3492928 TI - Age-related changes in circannual rhythms of lymphocyte blastogenic responses in mice. AB - Blastogenic responses to T- and B-lymphocyte mitogens were tested in suspensions of splenocytes from 15- and 24- to 28-mo-old C57BL/6 mice and compared with analogous responses in young animals. The mice were housed under constant environmental conditions with alternating light-dark cycles (LD 12:12). Single cell suspensions were cultured in vitro with mitogens, and the induced incorporation of tritiated thymidine by dividing cells was determined. Increases in periodicity of responses to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin by T cells and to lipopolysaccharide by B cells and lower mean levels of activation characterized rhythms in cells from 15-mo-old and senescent mice compared with young animals. Amplitudes of the rhythms were unchanged at 15 mo, but by 24 mo of age rhythmic responses of T but not B cells were damped. The separable effects of age on expression of circannual rhythms by T and B lymphocytes suggest another mechanism for imbalance in the immune system. Phases of depressed responses that are extended for several months in populations of older mice could provide increased opportunities for environmental assaults. PMID- 3492929 TI - A possible physiological role of milk epidermal growth factor in neonatal eyelid opening. AB - The eyelid opening of newborn mice occurs normally on day 13.9 +/- 1.8 after birth. When newborn mice were injected with anti-epidermal growth factor (EGF) antibody every other day starting on day 1 after birth, the eyelid opening was delayed by approximately 3 days. The effect of anti-EGF became less prominent as the treatment was started at later times: when it was given from day 7, no delay in eyelid opening was observed. On the other hand, eyelid opening was enhanced by approximately 3 days by EGF injection given on day 3 for every other day. This effect of EGF was antagonized by simultaneous administration of the anti-EGF antibody. EGF was present at a concentration of 6.6 ng/ml in the plasma of 1-wk old pups nursed by their mother, but it was not detectable (less than 0.1 ng/ml) in the plasma of 3-wk-old weaned pups. EGF concentration in the submandibular glands, however, was 17 times greater in 3- than in 1-wk-old pups, i.e., 4.66 and 0.28 ng/mg of wet tissue, respectively. These results suggest that milk EGF may play a physiological role in eyelid opening during the neonatal period. PMID- 3492931 TI - Phenomenological correlates of metabolic activity in 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia. AB - Using [11C]-deoxy-D-glucose and positron emission tomography (PET), the authors measured brain metabolism in 18 patients with chronic schizophrenia to assess which of the metabolic measures from two test conditions was more closely related to the patients' differing clinical characteristics. The two conditions were resting and activation, and an eye tracking task was used. Patients with more negative symptoms showed lower global metabolic rates and more severe hypofrontality than did the patients with fewer negative symptoms. Differences among the patients were distinguished by the task: sicker patients failed to show a metabolic activation response. These findings suggest that cerebral metabolic patterns reflect clinical characteristics of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3492932 TI - Unexpected consequence of treatment for attention deficit disorder. PMID- 3492930 TI - Comparison of effects of ATP-MgCl2 and adenosine-MgCl2 on renal function following ischemia. AB - ATP-MgCl2 X administration had been shown to accelerate the recovery of renal function following warm ischemia. However, since the major breakdown product of ATP is adenosine, the relative contribution of ATP vs. adenosine in improving renal function following ischemia remains to be determined. To study this, kidneys were subjected to 45 min of normothermic ischemia and then perfused at 100 mmHg with oxygenated Krebs-HCO3 buffer containing albumin, [3H]inulin, substrates, and either 0.3 mM ATP-MgCl2 or adenosine-MgCl2 for 110 min. Perfusate and timed urine samples were collected and analyzed for radioactivity and [Na+]. The functional parameters indicated that although adenosine-MgCl2 treatment provided a transient improvement, it failed to provide a sustained improvement in renal function or attain control values compared with ATP-MgCl2 treatment. Thus, the salutary effects of ATP-MgCl2 following warm ischemia in the kidney are not mediated by adenosine. PMID- 3492933 TI - Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and DST status. PMID- 3492934 TI - Research and laws regarding therapist-patient sexual involvement: implications for therapists. AB - Therapist-patient sexual intimacy has emerged as a major issue. This article discusses the legal and ethical prohibitions, the accumulation of research regarding the prevalence and consequences of therapist-patient sex, and the implications for therapists, particularly those treating patients who have been sexually intimate with a previous therapist. PMID- 3492935 TI - Immunoactive products of placenta. V: Soluble factors from murine placenta can block effector stages of maternal antipaternal cell-mediated immunity. AB - Supernatants from short-term cultures of placental or trophoblast-enriched cell suspensions derived from 14-17-day isopregnant mice display suppressive activity on NK lysis in vitro. The soluble factor is produced by trypsin-sensitive cells and requires protein synthesis. Its activity is destroyed by treatment with insoluble trypsin. The suppression is not strain restricted, but appears species restricted. The factor acts at the level of the NK effectors themselves. Furthermore, such supernatants also are able to inhibit CTL-mediated lysis at the effector stage, in an MHC nonrestricted, nonspecific fashion. The effect is not seen with supernatants from control fetal tissues. At least two mechanisms could be involved: inhibition of homing toward allogeneic targets, and a direct effect on effector cell lytic action. These factors could play an important role in protecting the placenta from the deleterious effects of maternal antipaternal immunity and could explain the survival of the fetus in a presensitized maternal host. PMID- 3492936 TI - In vitro inhibitory effect of human syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes on the cytolytic activities of CTL and NK cells. AB - We have previously described the purification procedure for syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes (STPM) and have now studied their immunomodulatory properties on the in vitro cytotoxic assays of generated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells (NK). STPM inhibited the cytolytic activities of CTL and NK against their target cells, whereas RBC ghosts, even at the highest protein concentration used, were ineffective. This inhibitory effect was dose-dependent upon the STPM-protein concentration and appeared to be particularly distinct at low effector/target ratios. It is hypothesized that the inhibitory activity of STPM may be exerted by blocking the effector cells or by masking their targets. Regardless of the mode of action, since cytotoxic cell activities are known to play an important role in the allograft rejection process, this suppressive inhibitory effect of STPM might be a crucial mechanism in the tolerance of the semiallogenic fetal graft. PMID- 3492937 TI - Mitochondrial studies with the new anaesthetic 2,6-diisopropylphenol. PMID- 3492938 TI - [Production of pregnancy-specific proteins (PAPP-A and SP1) in gynecologic diseases treated surgically]. PMID- 3492939 TI - Inhibition of natural killer cell activity by antigen-antibody complexes. AB - The natural killer (NK) cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be inhibited by precipitated tetanus toxoid anti-tetanus toxoid complexes (Te/aTe) as well as soluble Te/aTe. Preincubation of the immune complexes with protein A decreased the inhibition of NK cell activity. When mononuclear cells were preincubated with interferon (IF) or interleukin 2 (Il-2) before incubation with Te/aTe, the immune complex-induced inhibition was decreased, while IF or Il-2 added after incubation with the immune complexes had no effect. Using NK cell-enriched suspensions in a single cell agarose assay, the immune complexes were shown to inhibit NK cell activity by inhibiting the formation of effector/target cell conjugates. PMID- 3492941 TI - Isolation of mutant adenosine deaminase by coformycin affinity chromatography. AB - Adenosine deaminase is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine. Deficiency of the enzyme activity is associated with T-cell and B-cell dysfunction. Mutant adenosine deaminase has been isolated from heterozygous and homozygous deficient lymphoblast cell lines with the aid of an affinity matrix consisting of coformycin (a potent inhibitor of the enzyme) as the affinity ligand, bound to 3,3'-iminobispropylamine-derivatized Sepharose. Routinely, 80-90% of adenosine deaminase in crude cell homogenates could be bound to the material. Adenosine deaminase was specifically eluted by enzyme inhibitors or less efficiently by high substrate concentrations. Protein preparations isolated from several different deficient cell lines were highly purified and exhibited molecular weights identical to wild-type adenosine deaminase. This method produces a protein that is suitable for structural studies. PMID- 3492940 TI - Hypothermia and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3492942 TI - Epidemiological findings in Indonesia of orthodontic interest. AB - Of the 110 Sundanese girls and boys we examined anthropometrically 99% were hyper or brachycephalic, in 75.5% of the population this was combined with hyper-eury- or euryprosopy. From a dentist's standpoint, the following findings were noted: Primary crowding in 85%, deep-bite in 55%, bi-alveolary protrusion in 22% and canine-like upper lateral incisors in 20% of the cases examined. PMID- 3492943 TI - Low-dose enflurane as adjunct to high-dose fentanyl in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery: stable hemodynamics and maintained myocardial oxygen balance. AB - The effects of enflurane (end-tidal concentration 0.7%) on central and coronary hemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation were studied during steady state, high dose fentanyl anesthesia in ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting operations. Compared with the response in ten patients receiving the same fentanyl anesthesia (100 micrograms/kg) without enflurane supplementation, enflurane caused a moderate reduction in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index. No patient showed signs of myocardial ischemia, and mean coronary sinus flow and calculated coronary resistance remained unchanged. Surgical stimulation induced no central or coronary hemodynamic responses in the enflurane-fentanyl group. No coronary hemodynamic changes occurred in the fentanyl group, but a marked increase in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was seen. Myocardial oxygen extraction decreased in the enflurane supplemented group although it increased in the fentanyl group after surgical stimulation. Three fentanyl group patients and one enflurane-fentanyl group patient had a low myocardial lactate extraction as a sign of myocardial ischemia during surgery. We conclude that a 0.7% enflurane supplementation of 100 micrograms/kg fentanyl anesthesia does not endanger myocardial oxygenation and effectively prevents central and coronary hemodynamic responses to skin incision and sternotomy in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. PMID- 3492945 TI - [Development of electroacupuncture analgesia in anesthesiology and resuscitation practice]. PMID- 3492944 TI - [Use of the preparation trental in artificial circulation]. PMID- 3492947 TI - [Urinary neopterin: its value in the study of various neoplasms]. AB - A systematic study of urinary Neopterin was carried out, gathering two thousand five hundred measurements, on a hospital population of patients supposedly affected by tumors and the concentrations obtained were compared to the usual values determined at the same time on patients apparently free from any disease. Malignant tumors appear to be associated with high concentration of urinary Neopterin and this increase seems well correlated with the severity of the disease. Benign tumors correspond, on the contrary, to an appreciably normal excretion of Neopterin. A clinic study of Neopterin elimination specifies, however, that each elevated value must be followed with other determinations in order to rule out the possibility of an eventual viral infection at the incubation stage. The authors think that this dosage could represent a mean of discovery of professional cancers in high risk populations as well as an element in the supervision of anti-neoplastic treatments. PMID- 3492946 TI - Isolated Raynaud's phenomenon--a benign disorder. AB - Ninety-seven patients presenting with isolated Raynaud's phenomenon were evaluated clinically and immunologically. Three patients developed progressive systemic sclerosis in a 3-5-year follow-up. Nineteen patients had positive antinuclear antibody, 32 depressed serum complement, and 31 elevated serum immune complexes. None of the immunologic abnormalities had obvious diagnostic significance. PMID- 3492948 TI - The pharyngeo-tracheal lumen airway: an assessment of airway control in the setting of upper airway hemorrhage. AB - Aspiration of blood from nasal and upper airway injuries is a common problem in trauma patients. The pharyngeo-tracheal lumen (PTL) airway uses a large balloon to occlude the oropharynx. We conducted a postmortem radiographic evaluation of the PTL airway's ability to control simulated upper airway hemorrhage using a barium solution. The PTL airway was inserted in ten patients and the barium solution was instilled in the nose until it was full. Radiographs were taken to determine the extent of containment of the radiopaque liquid. The PTL airway successfully controlled the simulated upper airway hemorrhage in nine of the ten cases studied including one patient with a cleft palate. There was leakage in the tenth case due to a balloon leak. The PTL airway may be the prehospital airway of choice in trauma patients due to its ability to control upper airway hemorrhage, but it requires further clinical testing. PMID- 3492949 TI - Evaluation of tamoxifen as a therapy to augment alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations in Z homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient subjects. AB - Tamoxifen, an agent that binds to intracytoplasmic estrogen receptors, was evaluated as a possible means of increasing alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) synthesis and/or secretion and thus alpha 1AT serum levels in subjects with the homozygous form of alpha 1AT deficiency. Administration of tamoxifen (10 mg twice daily) to 30 Z homozygotes for a 30-day period was not associated with adverse reactions. However, although serum alpha 1AT levels increased significantly (p less than 0.03), the increase was minor (average pretreatment levels, 32 +/- 1 mg/dl; levels at 30 days of therapy, 35 +/- 1 mg/dl) and far below the "threshold" level of 80 mg/dl considered "protective" against an increased risk for emphysema. Thus, while the concept that increasing alpha 1AT synthesis and/or secretion is a rational goal for treating the Z homozygous form of alpha 1AT deficiency, tamoxifen will not be useful in this regard. PMID- 3492950 TI - Acute renal infection in women: treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin for two or six weeks. A randomized trial. AB - We compared the efficacy of orally administered ampicillin, 2 g/d, with that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 320 mg/d-1600 mg/d, given for 2 or 6 weeks for outpatient management of acute uncomplicated renal infection in women. Of 98 women participating in the trial, 60 had renal infections with susceptible strains, complied with drug therapy, and completed 6 weeks of follow-up. Before treatment, 39 women had symptoms and signs of acute pyelonephritis; 21 had symptoms of cystitis but positive tests for antibody-coated bacteria. All 60 women had alleviation of symptoms and resolution of bacteriuria after 7 days of therapy. Subsequent recurrences occurred in 12 of 27 women given ampicillin, compared with 4 of 33 given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p = 0.008). Serotyping showed that most recurrences were reinfections with ampicillin-resistant strains. With each drug, a 2-week regimen of therapy proved as efficacious as a 6-week regimen, but the longer regimen was less well tolerated. We conclude that a 2 week treatment regimen is sufficient to manage acute pyelonephritis in outpatients and that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is preferable to ampicillin therapy. PMID- 3492951 TI - Cutaneous pneumocystosis. AB - A 42-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with a 9-month history of progressive hearing loss and bilateral external auditory canal masses. Biopsy of the right ear mass detected Pneumocystis carinii. The patient was treated with a 7-day course of intravenous trimethoprim, followed by a 3-week course of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with a marked reduction in the size of his ear masses. This is the first reported case of skin involvement by P. carinii in a patient with AIDS. Because of our patient's documented response to treatment, we stress the importance of biopsy of cutaneous lesions in this group of patients, who may have a potentially treatable condition. PMID- 3492952 TI - Otic infection due to Pneumocystis carinii in an apparently healthy man with antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3492953 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3492954 TI - [Surgery of acoustic neuroma and other tumors of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontile angle. Apropos of 602 cases]. AB - During the last two decades, 602 tumors of the internal auditory canal and of the cerebello-pontine angle were operated on, using the trans-temporal approaches. Among these tumors, 548 were unilateral acoustic neuromas, that were removed by the trans-labyrinthine approach (57%), the retro-labyrinthine-retro-sigmoid approach (33%) and the middle fossa approach (M.F.) (6%). Five fatalities occurred (1%). The facial nerve was preserved in 94% with an immediate normal function in 58%. The auditory function was preserved in 23% (51 cases). PMID- 3492955 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in monkeys. AB - The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) of four anesthetized adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys was stimulated by applying current with blunt electrodes placed unilaterally and bilaterally on the intact neck skin along the tracheoesophageal groove. The stimulus consisted of 2.5- to 4.0-mA cathodal pulses, each of 1-ms duration, beginning at a frequency of 10 Hz and increasing by 10-Hz increments to 100 Hz. Unilateral stimulation from 10 to 30 Hz resulted in a graded vocal cord abduction, with the maximal glottic aperture occurring at 30 Hz. Stimulation above 30 Hz produced a graded cord adduction, with nearly complete glottic closure at 100 Hz; bilateral stimulation yielded similar results, with total glottic closure at 100 Hz. Confirmation of the RLN as mediator of this frequency-dependent cord motion was achieved by surgically isolating it and attaining identical results with direct stimulation. No cardiopulmonary alterations were observed in any trial. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the RLN seems to be a relatively safe, reliable, and noninvasive method of controlling vocal cord position and thereby the glottic airway in monkeys. PMID- 3492957 TI - [Non-gynecological abdominal emergencies during pregnancy]. PMID- 3492956 TI - The localization of anti-tumour monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancer. AB - The localization of antitumour monoclonal antibodies was studied in patients with colorectal cancer after intravenous injection. The monoclonal antibody 791T/36 was shown to localise in primary and secondary disease with a preferential uptake of 2.5:1 compared with normal colon. Improved imaging properties were achieved by changing the radiolabel from 131I to 111In and by emission tomography. Using an anti-CEA antibody, C46, a preferential rate of uptake of 5.8:1 was achieved giving superior images and enhancing the prospects of effective targeting of antitumour agents. PMID- 3492958 TI - Classification of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs according to their ability to potentiate contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. AB - The anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide (CY), melphalan (L phenylalanine mustard; L-PAM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX), and daunorubicin (DAU) were tested for ability to potentiate contact sensitization (CS) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in mice and to inhibit induction of unresponsiveness to such sensitization by preceding exposure to dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS). Administration of CY and L-PAM but not of 5-FU, MTX, and DAU, after DNBS treatment (and before DNFB sensitization) reduced the degree of unresponsiveness effected by DNBS. It is suggested that the test system of CS might be utilized for screening the ability of cancer chemotherapeutic agents to act as nonspecific immuno-modulators. PMID- 3492960 TI - Characterization of beta-lactamases in situ on polyacrylamide gels. AB - An inhibitor-based characterization system which allowed the identification of beta-lactamases after isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels was developed. This system, using potassium clavulanate and oxacillin, distinguished type I chromosomally mediated enzymes from other beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 3492959 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (timentin) in relation to renal function. AB - The disposition of coadministered ticarcillin (3 g/1.73 m2) and clavulanic acid (100 mg/1.73 m2) was examined after a 30-min infusion in 24 noninfected subjects with various degrees of renal function. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for the individual compounds were determined from plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates. All clearances (total, renal, and nonrenal) and urinary recoveries of unchanged drug were found to be linearly related to creatinine clearance (CLCR). The steady-state volume of distribution (9.9 and 12.9 liters for ticarcillin and clavulanic acid) approximated the extracellular fluid space and was not related to CLCR. The half-lives increased with reduced renal function and ranged from 56 to 392 min for ticarcillin and 26 to 266 min for clavulanic acid. The clearances of both drugs decreased proportionately with reduction in renal function, facilitating dosing adjustments based on CLCR. Calculations of expected steady-state maximum and minimum concentrations in plasma using constant doses and an extended dosing interval related to CLCR further rationalized use of the 30:1 drug combination ratio for all patients. PMID- 3492961 TI - Antimicrobial activity of Ro 15-8074, active metabolite of a new oral cephalosporin (Ro 15-8075), against 7,775 recent clinical isolates. AB - Susceptibility testing of 7,775 recent clinical isolates from four medical centers showed Ro 15-8074 to be 2-to greater than 8-fold more active than either cefaclor or cefuroxime against the Enterobacteriaceae. Ro 15-8074 MICs for 50% of the strains tested were greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml for Staphylococcus spp., enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas maltophilia. beta-Lactamase hydrolysis experiments failed to demonstrate significant Ro 15-8074 inactivation by commonly encountered chromosomal or plasmid-mediated enzymes (P99, K1, K14, TEM, and CARB). PMID- 3492963 TI - Ozone effects on inhibitors of human neutrophil proteinases. AB - The effects of ozone on human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A-1-PI), alpha 1 antichymotrypsin (A-1-Achy), bronchial leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (BLPI), and Eglin C were studied using in vitro exposures in phosphate-buffered solutions. Following ozone exposure, inhibitory activities against human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and/or cathepsin G (Cat G) were measured. Exposure of A-1-PI to 50 mol O3/mol protein resulted in a complete loss of HNE inhibitory activity, whereas A 1-Achy lost only 50% of its Cat G inhibitory activity and remained half active even after exposure to 250 mol of O3. At 40 mol O3/mol protein, BLPI lost 79% of its activity against HNE and 87% of its Cat G inhibitory activity. Eglin C, a leech-derived inhibitor, lost 81% of its HNE inhibitory activity and 92% of its ability to inhibit Cat G when exposed to 40 mol O3/mol. Amino acid analyses of ozone-exposed inhibitors showed destruction of Trp, Met, Tyr, and His with as little as 10 mol O3/mol protein, and higher levels of O3 resulted in more extensive oxidation of susceptible residues. The variable ozone susceptibility of the different amino acid residues in the four proteins indicated that oxidation was a function of protein structure, as well as the inherent susceptibility of particular amino acids. Exposure of A-1-PI and BLPI in the presence of the antioxidants, Trolox C (water soluble vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), showed that antioxidant vitamins may protect proteins from oxidative inactivation by ozone. Methionine-specific modification of BLPI reduced its HNE and Cat G inhibitory activities. Two moles of N-chlorosuccinimide per mole of BLPI methionine caused an 80% reduction in activity against Cat G, but only a 40% reduction in HNE inhibitory activity. PMID- 3492962 TI - Differential expression of cytochrome P-450 1 and related forms in rabbit liver and kidney. AB - Monoclonal antibodies developed to cytochrome P-450 1, some of which react with proteins in addition to P-450 1, were used to investigate the differential expression of P-450 1 dependent 21-hydroxylase activity in renal tissue of rabbits exhibiting differences in hepatic 21-hydroxylase activity. Using immunohistochemical techniques, the monoclonal antibodies, 2F5 and 3C3, localized protein in the S2 and S3 segments of the proximal tubule in the renal cortex. These two monoclonal antibodies, 2F5 and 3C3, reacted with a kidney protein that migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a relative electrophoretic mobility that did not correspond to known rabbit hepatic isozymes and was termed P-450 K. Antibodies specific for P-450 1 and 3b, 1F11 and 8-27, respectively, produced no staining in kidney. The protein recognized by the 2F5 and 3C3 antibodies is immunologically distinct from cytochrome P-450s 1, 2, and 3b. The rate of 21-hydroxylation of progesterone was shown to be approximately 100-fold less in kidney than liver microsomes where this pathway is largely catalyzed by P-450 1. The activity of the kidney microsomes was not inhibited by antibodies directed to P-450 1. In addition, the variation observed for the 21-hydroxylase activity in the hepatic microsomal fraction of outbred New Zealand white rabbits was not evident in kidney microsomes from these same animals. The 2F5 antibody was found, however, to be inhibitory (about 50%) of the 11-hydroxylation of lauric acid in kidney microsomes. This suggests that P-450 K participates in lauric acid 11-hydroxylase activity. The treatment of rabbits with phenobarbital, but not 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, was found to induce the levels of P-450 K. PMID- 3492964 TI - Factors influencing ADP-ribosylation differences between chromosomal proteins of interphase and metaphase HeLa cells. AB - Fundamental differences were previously discovered in the ADP-ribosylation of proteins from metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of HeLa cells. The number of modified nonhistone species was found to be dramatically reduced for metaphase chromosomes. An investigation has therefore been made of factors which could influence, and therefore be responsible for, this change in ADP ribosylation during the cell cycle. Modified proteins were detected by autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing mitotic and interphase samples from permeabilized cells that had been incubated with [32P]NAD. Whole cells showed a difference between interphase and metaphase similar to that for isolated nuclei and chromosomes. Chromosome expansion, disruption of chromosomes or nuclei, DNA nicking, and cellular growth activity significantly changed the incorporation of 32P label. Inhibitors of protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis did not, however, greatly affect ADP-ribosylation. The pattern of labeled species was not altered by the presence of nonradioactive NAD, though the extent of labeling declined. The results were not artifactually due to the procedure used to arrest cells in mitosis. Similar results were found with Novikoff rat hepatoma cells, demonstrating that the difference between metaphase and interphase is not confined to HeLa cells. PMID- 3492966 TI - Annular eruptions of infancy and neonatal lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3492967 TI - Role of octanoic and decanoic acids in the control of seizures. AB - Octanoic and decanoic acid, the major constituents of the Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Emulsion diet, have been detected in appreciable quantities in the peripheral blood of children with intractable seizures treated with the MCT diet. Serum concentrations of these acids as well as beta hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate rose as the diet was introduced and on full diet showed pronounced diurnal variation and low concentrations in the morning. No correlation between octanoic and decanoic acid concentrations and control of seizures was established, but further studies with octanoic and decanoic acid using animal models are necessary to assess the role of these acids and of control of seizures. PMID- 3492968 TI - Favourable prognostic features in histiocytosis X: bone involvement and absence of skin disease. AB - The records of 70 patients presenting to this hospital since 1961 with histiocytosis X confirmed by biopsy examination have been reviewed. The patients were subdivided into three groups: group A, those under 2 years of age at diagnosis; group B, those between 2 and 5 years; and group C, those over 5 years. All eight patients who died (11% overall mortality) were under 2 years of age at diagnosis. Involvement of lung, liver, and bone marrow were confirmed as poor prognostic features. The presence of bone disease and absence of skin rash were identified as favourable features. PMID- 3492965 TI - Purification and properties of the manganese superoxide dismutase from the liver of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - A manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) from the liver of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 84,000 and is composed of four identical subunits, each containing one manganese atom. The amino acid composition of the enzyme is similar to that of Mn-SODs isolated from human and chicken livers, but differs considerably from that of the Escherichia coli enzyme (D. Barra et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12595-12601; R. A. Weisiger and I. Fridovich (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3582-3592; H. M. Steinman (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8708-8720). The N terminal amino acid is lysine. The sequence of 23 amino acid residues in the N terminal region was determined. It shows excellent homologies with those of the human and chicken enzymes (H. M. Steinmam and R. L. Hill (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3725-3729; C. Ditlow et al. (1982) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 47, 81 91). The frog liver enzyme is also located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. Immunologically the same enzyme is also found in the tadpole liver, in an amount of about one-half of that in the adult bullfrog. PMID- 3492969 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. PMID- 3492972 TI - Nonoperative management of peripancreatic arterial aneurysms. A 10-year experience. AB - The surgical approach to bleeding visceral artery aneurysms has a mortality rate of 16-50% that is dependent primarily on anatomic location and underlying cause. Nineteen patients were studied over a 10-year period who were definitively treated by embolization. There was a 79% success rate and no mortality. The cause of the aneurysms was pancreatitis in 13 patients, trauma in four patients, subacute bacterial endocarditis in one patient, and secondary to biliary tract surgery in one patient. PMID- 3492973 TI - Is hypothermic fibrillatory arrest a rational alternative to cardioplegic arrest? PMID- 3492971 TI - Isolation and analysis of complement activating aggregates from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using monoclonal anti-C3d antibodies. AB - The complement activating aggregates in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been isolated using monoclonal IgM anti-C3d antibodies attached to solid phases, and the content of the material bound has been analysed. High levels of aggregated IgG bearing C3d were found in RA synovial fluids, and IgG was the major immunoglobulin bound from such synovial fluids by anti-C3d Sepharose. A strong correlation was shown between levels of aggregated IgG bearing C3d and complement activation, as judged by C3d levels. Significant (but less strong) relationships were also observed between C3d levels and both complement consuming and C1q binding activity. C3d levels and levels of aggregated IgG bearing C3d were both significantly associated with the numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) found in RA synovial fluids. From these results it is concluded that the aggregated immunoglobulins bearing C3d (particularly IgG) isolated from RA synovial fluids are responsible for activating complement and attracting PMNs into the joint space. Radioimmunoassay showed no correlation, however, between levels of aggregated IgG (or IgM) bearing C3d and rheumatoid factor (RF) activity bound by anti-C3d. In addition, the material bound by anti-C3d Sepharose from most synovial fluid polyethylene glycol precipitates did not contain either IgM or IgG RF. Thus both techniques show that the majority of complexes bearing C3d do not contain RF. As the complement fixing aggregates apparently contain only immunoglobulin and complement components the results raise the problem of how the aggregates are formed. It is suggested that RA IgG may remain aggregated after either antigen or antibody (RF) has dissociated from the complex. PMID- 3492970 TI - Effects of dietary supplementation on autoimmunity in the MRL/lpr mouse: a preliminary investigation. AB - The effects of dietary fatty acid supplementation on various disease parameters in the spontaneously autoimmune MRL-mp-lpr/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus before onset of disease were investigated. A fat deficient diet was supplemented with the following oils: olive oil, sunflower oil, evening primrose oil (EPO), fish oil, and a fish oil/EPO mixture. The mice receiving a diet enriched with EPO showed an increase in survival, as did those receiving the fish oil/EPO mixture. These results, taken together with those of the other parameters monitored, suggest that EPO may be of benefit in alleviating the murine form of the disease. PMID- 3492974 TI - Prevention of ventricular fibrillation after myocardial revascularization. AB - Ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion after aortic cross-clamping for coronary artery bypass grafting may cause subendocardial injury. We investigated the use of lidocaine to prevent ventricular fibrillation during this period. In a blind, prospective, randomized trial, 91 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft procedures were given lidocaine (2 mg/kg) or normal saline immediately before removal of the aortic cross-clamp. The groups were similar with respect to demographic, clinical, and intraoperative variables. Myocardial preservation techniques were similar in both groups. Of 47 patients receiving lidocaine, 38 recovered a supraventricular rhythm without ventricular fibrillation, compared with only 5 of 44 patients in the control group (p less than .001). When ventricular fibrillation occurred, patients in the control group required a greater number of direct-current countershocks (2.31 versus 1.86) to convert to sinus rhythm. Transient heart block, requiring temporary pacing, developed in 3 patients in the lidocaine group, compared with 1 patient in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in the requirement for perioperative inotropic support (6 of 47 versus 6 of 44) or the number of myocardial infarctions (2 of 47 versus 1 of 44), and there were no deaths in either group. Lidocaine infusion immediately before removal of the aortic cross-clamp significantly reduces the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during the reperfusion period after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3492975 TI - Diltiazem as an adjunct to cold blood potassium cardioplegia: a clinical assessment of dose and prospective randomization. AB - Diltiazem was evaluated as an adjunct to cold blood potassium cardioplegia in 63 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. The dual-phase study compared incrementally increasing doses (50, 100, and 150 micrograms/kg) of diltiazem using a single-blind, randomized schedule with an equivalent volume of placebo added to each of three infusions of cold (10 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C) blood containing potassium chloride at 25 mEq/L for the initial infusion (400 ml) and at 12 mEq/L for the next two infusions (300 ml each). Observations included a number of operative variables, creatine kinase (CK)-MB curves, two-dimensional echocardiography, and pulsed Doppler sonography before operation and on postoperative days 1 and 5. Pulmonary artery thermistor catheter responses were observed for 16 hours postoperatively, as were left ventricular micromanometer tipped catheter responses in 7 patients. As the dose of diltiazem was increased, there was increasing time to atrioventricular node refunction (23.6 to 62.0 minutes). Diltiazem at 100 micrograms/kg (D-100) resulted in a significantly lower peak CK-MB activity than its placebo. Peak - dp/dt increased in treated patients and decreased in patients given the placebo. The cardiac index in D-100 patients was greater on the first postoperative day than preoperatively. The stroke index returned to the control level by the fifth postoperative day in D-50 and D-100 patients only, and it remained depressed in placebo patients. Although few benefits were realized from the addition of diltiazem to cold blood potassium cardioplegia, there was dose-related prolongation of the atrioventricular node recovery time, which required cardiac pacing and thus was associated with its attendant risks. PMID- 3492976 TI - Atheroembolic perioperative infarction during repeat coronary bypass surgery: angiographic documentation in a survivor. AB - We report the case of a patient in whom a myocardial infarction complicated a coronary bypass reoperation. We believe the infarction was associated with embolic occlusion of a large coronary branch by atheroma, which we demonstrated in a previous bypass graft preoperatively and did not see in the postoperative study. We are not aware that atheroembolism of a large coronary branch has been reported before in a survivor of reoperation. PMID- 3492977 TI - The mechanisms and management of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Cardiac surgeons have become more cognizant of the syndrome of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after cardiopulmonary bypass. Although this syndrome is rare, its occurrence can be catastrophic. This article reviews the current understanding of several factors that have been implicated in the cause of this syndrome and discusses the various options for management of the problem once it has arisen. PMID- 3492978 TI - Concomitant coronary and cerebral revascularization. PMID- 3492979 TI - Postpartum lymphocytic thyroiditis. Prevalence, clinical course, and long-term follow-up. AB - A group of 238 women were surveyed for thyroid disease at six and 12 weeks post partum. Twenty-seven (11.3%) of 238 entered into the study were found to have thyroid disease. Fifteen (56%) of 27 had positive microsomal hemagglutinin antibody titers. A spectrum of thyroid disease was found: persistent hypothyroidism (two patients), transient thyrotoxicosis followed by persistent hypothyroidism (one) or transient hypothyroidism (three), euthyroid goiter (five), transient thyrotoxicosis (seven), transient hypothyroidism (three), high normal thyroxine levels (five), and low-normal thyroxine levels (one). All nine patients who underwent biopsy had active lymphocytic thyroiditis. Three-year follow-up of 25 of the 27 affected individuals revealed that 12 (48%) still had thyroid disease. This study demonstrates that there is a high incidence of postpartum thyroid disease, usually of a transient nature, and that only about one fourth of the cases are detected or clinically obvious. PMID- 3492980 TI - Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. AB - In a five-year period, 29 cases of bacteremia and/or meningitis in adults caused by Haemophilus influenzae were seen in our large community hospital. There were 17 cases of bacteremic pneumonia and 12 cases of serious extrapulmonary infections. The extrapulmonary infections included cases of endocarditis, meningitis, cholecystitis, epiglottitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and cellulitis. In contrast with the pediatric experience, H influenzae type B was the causative pathogen in only 45% of patients and only one isolate was ampicillin resistant. PMID- 3492981 TI - [Detection of intraventricular blood in pure subarachnoid hemorrhage. Physiopathologic significance]. PMID- 3492982 TI - Regional brain function in schizophrenia. I. A positron emission tomography study. AB - Local cerebral glucose metabolism was determined with 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose using positron emission tomography in a sample of 12 unmedicated schizophrenics and 12 matched normal controls. The data were analyzed for absolute metabolic rates and region/whole-brain ratios using the cortical-subcortical, antero posterior, and laterality dimensions. Lobar areas within cortical regions were also compared. Across groups, subcortical metabolism was higher than cortical metabolism. Patients had lower metabolism, cortically and subcortically, and a steeper subcortical to cortical gradient. Patients with higher scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale had higher absolute metabolism and higher left relative to right hemispheric metabolism than did patients with lesser severity. The results did not show "hypofrontality" in schizophrenia. These findings provide some support for cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenia and indicate the need for further examination of the cortical-subcortical dimension. PMID- 3492983 TI - Regional brain function in schizophrenia. II. Repeated evaluation with positron emission tomography. AB - Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured twice in a sample of 15 schizophrenics and eight controls, using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose. Studies were separated by three to 33 weeks. Patients were unmedicated during the first study, and the majority were receiving neuroleptics during the second study. There were no changes from study 1 to study 2 in average whole-brain metabolic rates, regional cortical activity, or the gradient of subcortical to cortical activity. The steeper subcortical to cortical gradient in schizophrenics, present in the first study, persisted in the second. Changes in this gradient were uncorrelated with changes in clinical status. Laterality (right-left) was stable across studies, and changes toward higher right relative to left hemispheric metabolism were correlated with clinical improvement. The results support the hypothesis of abnormal hemispheric activity in schizophrenia and implicate the subcortical-cortical gradient as another dimension that merits further exploration. PMID- 3492984 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in experimental acute arthritis. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is applied for the relief of various types of pain, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This study evaluated the influence of TENS on intraarticular (IA) temperature and pressure and synovial tissue of inflamed rabbit joints. Four hours after induction of acute bilateral hind joint arthritis by single intraarticular injection of urate crystals, the knees of 14 anesthetized rabbits were fixed at 90 degrees between femur and tibia. TENS was supplied from an electrical stimulator to the left knee joint while the other joint was unstimulated as a control. A microprobe needle for temperature measurement was inserted into the knee joint. Intraarticular pressure was recorded by polygraph connected to an IA needle. Readings were carried out at 10-min intervals three times before and four times after 5 min of TENS. A significant increase in IA temperature from mean 36.2C to 36.6C and significant reduction of IA pressure (mean decrease of 0.8 mmHg, from 2.5 mmHg to 1.7 mmHg) were found in the stimulated joints, which also showed a reduction of synovial fluid volume and total leukocyte count in comparison to the controls. While the nonstimulated synovial membrane showed massive leukocytic infiltration with neutrophilic exudate and fibrin clot in the intraarticular cavity, the stimulated synovial membrane demonstrated moderate homogeneous leukocytic infiltration through all layers, with absence of inflammatory exudate in the intraarticular cavity. These results suggested that the analgesic effect of TENS on arthritis may be partially attributed to decrease in IA synovial fluid pressure, volume, and leukocyte count. Therefore, TENS may be useful for reducing pain from inflammatory arthritis. PMID- 3492987 TI - Lymphocyte macrophage interactions in the response to surgical infections. PMID- 3492985 TI - Sepsis score and acute-phase protein response as predictors of outcome in septic surgical patients. AB - In a series of 135 patients with severe surgical infections, we determined the sepsis score and the plasma level of the acute-phase proteins alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, complement factor B, and C3. The initial sepsis score was a strong determinant of survival: in survivors it was significantly lower than in nonsurvivors. Only 8% of patients with a sepsis score above 20 survived. At the onset of severe sepsis, the plasma levels of all four acute-phase proteins were significantly lower in nonsurvivors. A significant elevation of C3a levels in the plasma of both surviving and nonsurviving patients indicated marked consumption of complement components in all patients with severe sepsis. A linear equation was developed to predict survival: sepsis index of survival (SIS) % = 121 + 0.26 (complement factor B) + 0.36 (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein)-6 (sepsis score). Based on our analysis, at the onset of severe sepsis, an SIS of 50% or more can correctly predict 88% of survivors and an SIS less than 50% can correctly predict 86% of nonsurvivors several days in advance of clinical outcome. PMID- 3492988 TI - Effects of diethyl maleate on non-protein sulfhydryl content and cellular functions of mouse thymocytes in vitro. AB - The electrophilic compound diethyl maleate (DEM, 10(-5)-10(-3) M) decreased the content of non-protein sulfhydryl groups in mouse thymocytes in vitro and affected mitotic activity, spontaneous migration and viability of the cells. The mitotic activity of mouse thymocytes was most sensitive to DEM. It is probable that the decrease of the cell content of reduced glutathione (GSH) led to a failure of GSH-dependent cellular functions, such as mitosis and migration. Cytosolic supernatants of mouse and rat thymocytes exhibited GSH S-transferase activities on DEM and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as electrophilic substrates. PMID- 3492986 TI - Suppression of interleukin 2 production in an animal model of thermal injury is related to prostaglandin synthesis. AB - We performed studies using an animal model of thermal injury to confirm the observed decrease in interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in burned patients and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Ten mice subjected to a 25% scald were compared with ten anesthetized littermates (controls) and six untreated mice (normal mice) 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after burn. Production of IL-2 by splenocytes was stimulated by concanavalin A alone, or in the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or flurbiprofen. The IL-2 content of the resulting supernatant was determined by the response of the IL-2-dependent cell line CTLL-2. The IL-2 production was significantly suppressed in the burned mice at three days (mean +/- SEM, 30.9% +/- 5.2%), five days (19% +/- 5.5%), seven days (41.6% +/- 6.4%), and 21 days (20% +/- 4.5%). Significant enhancement of IL 2 production by indomethacin was seen in the burned group (mean, 95%), but not in controls (mean, 23.8%) or normal mice (mean, 17.2%), and similar effects were seen with flurbiprofen. In separate experiments the effects of exogenous prostaglandin E2 on lymphocyte blastogenesis and IL-2 production were studied, and an increased susceptibility to the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 was observed following thermal injury. PMID- 3492990 TI - [The characteristics of the activated killer cells (AK) induced in vitro with recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2)]. PMID- 3492989 TI - Monooxygenase activity of fish liver in biomonitoring aquatic environment. AB - The hepatic biotransformation activity of four cultivated freshwater fish, Amur carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), carp (Cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and tench (Tinca tinca) were studied one day after catching the fish from ponds and a river in the south of GDR and in fish kept for two weeks in clean filtrated and deacidified water. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities fell to about 20% during the stay in clean water in rainbow trout liver microsomes. The reductions were smaller in the other species studied. PMID- 3492991 TI - [Analysis of working conditions and absences due to rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3492992 TI - Cerebral perfusion imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Use of single photon emission computed tomography and iofetamine hydrochloride I 123. AB - We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to study 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease and nine controls. Iofetamine hydrochloride I 123 uptake data were recorded from the entire brain using a rotating gamma camera. Activity ratios were measured for the frontal, posterior parietal, posterior, medial, and lateral cortical temporal regions and striate cortex and were normalized by the activity in the cerebellum. Abnormalities in iofetamine hydrochloride I 123 activity were similar to the abnormalities in glucose metabolism observed with positron emission tomography. Cortical tracer activity was globally depressed in patients with Alzheimer's disease, with the greatest reduction in the posterior parietal cortex. PMID- 3492993 TI - Oral ketoconazole and intraocular amphotericin B for treatment of postoperative Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis. PMID- 3492994 TI - Effect of ketorolac on Candida albicans ocular infection in rabbits. AB - The tendency of corticosteroids to exacerbate ocular infections limits their usefulness. Ketorolac tromethamine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is under development as an anti-inflammatory ophthalmic drug. In this study, rabbits ocularly infected with Candida albicans were treated topically four times daily with 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine or 0.1% dexamethasone for seven days after infection. Severity of infection was scored using both the Draize scale and Candida colony counts. Seven days after treatment ended, both the overall ocular scores (6/20) and colony count scores (0.5/3) were the same for ketorolac as for the vehicle, indicating no exacerbation of the infection, whereas with dexamethasone these values increased (13/20 and 2.3/3, respectively). During treatment, both ketorolac and dexamethasone reduced conjunctivitis equally (1.5/10) when compared with the vehicle (3.4/10). However, after treatment, conjunctivitis became more severe only in dexamethasone-treated eyes (6/10). Thus, unlike dexamethasone, ketorolac seems to be a drug that can suppress inflammation without exacerbating fungal ocular infection. PMID- 3492995 TI - Influence of substances modifying oxidative reactions on the electroretinogram of the frog. AB - The influence of malate, succinate, sodium cyanide and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the electroretinogram of isolated frog retina has been analysed. The results suggest that changes in the oxidative reactions of the retina are reflected in the pattern of the electroretinographic curve. PMID- 3492996 TI - The targeting of effector molecules in the immune system. PMID- 3492997 TI - Control of the early activation genes of T lymphocytes. PMID- 3492998 TI - PDGF-like growth factor induces EGF-potentiated phenotypic transformation of normal rat kidney cells in the absence of TGF beta. AB - Using a growth factor defined assay for anchorage-independent growth (van Zoelen, E.J.J., van Oostwaard, Th.M.J., van der Saag, P.T. and de Laat, S.W. (1985) J. Cell. Physiol. 123, 151- 160, we have studied the ability of polypeptide growth factors produced by Neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells to induce anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney cells. Neuro-2A cells produce and secrete a PDGF-like growth factor in addition to TGF beta, which can be fully separated from each other by means of reverse-phase HPLC. Using a new, very sensitive technique for detection of TGF beta in growth factor samples based on its additional ability to act as a growth inhibitory factor, it is shown that the PDGF-like growth factor does not contain any detectable TGF beta. Still this neuroblastoma derived PDGF like growth factor is able to induce anchorage-independent growth of NRK cells, particularly in the additional presence of EGF. It is concluded that under growth factor defined assay conditions TGF beta is not essential for phenotypic transformation of NRK cells. PMID- 3492999 TI - The effect of Gla-containing proteins on the precipitation of insoluble salts. AB - The precipitation of insoluble salts containing divalent metal ions is inhibited by Gla-containing proteins of various origin. In this paper we demonstrate that: Gla-residues are required for the inhibitory activity; the inhibition is effected by a protein which in vivo is bound to calcified tissue (osteocalcin) as well as by proteins occurring in blood plasma (factor X) and urine (the urinary Gla protein); The inhibitor concentration required for 50% precipitation-inhibition varied slightly from one salt to the other, but no marked differences were observed between the effects of the various Gla-containing proteins used; Precipitation-inhibition occurred in all phosphates (Be, Ca, Mn and Zn) and in all calcium salts (phosphate, oxalate and carbonate) tested. PMID- 3493000 TI - Calcium dependent inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release in the guinea pig taenia caeci. AB - The properties of the Ca stores in the skinned fiber bundles of the guinea-pig taenia caeci were studied by a novel method to measure Ca released from the stores using a fluorescent Ca indicator, fura-2. It is found that the capacity of the Ca stores amounts some 170 mumoles/liter cell water. There are at least two Ca release mechanisms, Ca-induced Ca release (CICR) and Ca release induced by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Only about a half of the Ca is released by the Ca-induced Ca release, while IP3 releases most of the Ca. The rate of the IP3 induced Ca release is found to be strongly enhanced by submicromolar concentrations of Ca2+. PMID- 3493001 TI - Diacylglycerol causes Ca release from the platelet dense tubular system: comparisons with Ca release caused by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. AB - Platelet activation is often associated with an increase in the cytosolic free Ca concentration that is due in part to Ca release from the dense tubular system. The present studies examine whether the diacylglycerol formed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis during platelet activation contributes to this process. The effect of diacylglycerol on the dense tubular system was tested using platelets that were permeabilized with saponin and then allowed to accumulate 45Ca. A synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl glycerol (OAG), released up to 70% of the ionophore A23187-releasable 45Ca, a fraction identical to that discharged by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) under the same conditions. 45Ca release was half-maximal at 40 microM OAG and 1 microM IP3. The response to OAG was not inhibited by aspirin and could not be reproduced by the addition of a phorbol ester, which suggests that it involves neither arachidonic acid metabolism nor protein kinase C activation. The time course of OAG-induced 45Ca release, which was slower than IP3-induced 45Ca release, corresponded to the time course of conversion of the OAG to 1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl phosphatidic acid (OAG-PA). When either OAG-PA or lysophosphatidic acid was added to the saponin-treated platelets, the extent of 45Ca release was similar to that observed with OAG, but both the OAG-PA and the lysophosphatidic acid were 5 to 10 times more potent than OAG on a molar basis. These data suggest: that the Ca release caused by diacylglycerol is actually due to formation of phosphatidic acid and/or lysophosphatidic acid, that these molecules are not acting as simple Ca ionophores and that diacylglycerol metabolites may augment the changes in Ca homeostasis caused by IP3 during platelet activation. PMID- 3493002 TI - Angiotensin II-induced increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in cultured rat mesangial cells: evidence by refined high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Angiotensin II-induced change in inositol phosphates were studied in cultured rat mesangial cells prelabeled with [3H]myo-inositol. By using anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography, we could analyzed the change in inositol mono , bis-, and tris-phosphate more rapidly and easily with higher resolution than the previously reported methods. Angiotensin II rapidly increased inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate within 15 sec, followed by an increase in inositol 1-monophosphate at 30 sec. Angiotensin II-induced increases in inositol phosphates were dose-dependent and completely blocked by saralasin. These results indicate that angiotensin II induces the production of inositol phosphates including inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, an intracellular Ca2+ releasing factor, in cultured rat mesangial cells. PMID- 3493003 TI - Induction of neutrophilic granulocytosis in mice by administration of purified human native granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). AB - Mice were subcutaneously (sc) injected once a day for up to 15 days with a purified human native G-CSF sample at a dose of 2.5 micrograms/injection or with control samples with or without added endotoxin. In the G-CSF-treated mice, blood neutrophil counts began to rise as early as 2 hours after the first injection, reached a level 8 times above the preinjection level after 15 days of injections with marked elevation of all progenitor cell levels in spleen, and returned to normal within 48 hours after cessation of the injections. Such neutrophilia was observed even when endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were used, but not in control mice. It is possible that repeated G-CSF injections after administration of cyclophosphamide (CY) in mice could accelerate recovery of granulopoiesis with a rather transient rise in blood neutrophil counts. PMID- 3493004 TI - Distinct effects of transforming growth factor-beta on EGF receptors and EGF induced DNA synthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Previous studies showed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta, 1 ng/ml) strongly inhibited DNA synthesis induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. This paper reports that TGF-beta (4 ng/ml) caused marked increase of EGF-binding to cultured rat hepatocytes. The binding increased biphasically with time to a maximum after treatment with TGF beta for 12 h. Scatchard analysis showed that adult rat hepatocytes had a single class of non-cooperative binding sites with a Kd of 1.5 nM, that there were 1.4 X 10(5) binding sites/cell, and that TGF-beta increased the number of binding sites without changing the Kd value. The increase in EGF binding sites by TGF-beta was dose-dependent and the dose that elicited the maximum increase was about 10 times that which inhibited DNA synthesis stimulated by EGF. These findings suggest that the effect of TGF-beta in modulating the EGF receptor is not directly related to that in inhibiting DNA synthesis in adult rat hepatocytes. PMID- 3493005 TI - CH isotype switching in B cell differentiation. AB - We have functionally defined a number of B cell subsets that likely represent B cells at different stages of development, based on the pattern of CH isotypes expressed by their clones in splenic fragment or microcultures and on those factors necessary in culture to support the growth of a clone displaying a particular isotype or set of isotypes. Our observations are consistent with isotype switching being a stochastic process which results in the occurrence of progressive isotype restriction in members of a diversifying clone. The surface marker best predictive of the pattern of isotypes a clone may secrete is the sIg isotype of its B cell precursor. Those B cells that have switched to the expression of non-IgM isotypes in vivo can be stimulated in vitro in splenic fragments to give an antibody-secreting clonal culture but so far cannot be stimulated in a microculture of dispersed cells that supports clones secreting IgM alone or with other isotypes. PMID- 3493006 TI - Complement genes of the major histocompatibility complex (complotypes), extended haplotypes and disease markers. AB - The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked genes C2,BF,C4A,C4B occur in populations and segregate in families as single genetic units or complotypes. Analysis for significant three-point linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B, DR and complotype on normal caucasian chromosomes 6p yields about a dozen haplotypes that account for most of the known HLA-B/HLA-DR linkage disequilibrium pairs previously noted in normal caucasian populations. We refer to the HLA B/DR/complotype sets with significant linkage disequilibrium as extended haplotypes since they often show limited variation at other MHC-linked loci. From the study of MHC haplotypes in 21-hydroxylase deficiency, C2 deficiency and type 1 diabetes, it is becoming apparent that it is extended haplotypes rather than their individual alleles that are markers for these MHC-associated diseases. PMID- 3493009 TI - American Rheumatism Association. Scientific abstracts. 1986 regional meetings. PMID- 3493008 TI - Intrauterine therapy for presumptive fetal myocarditis with acquired heart block due to systemic lupus erythematosus. Experience in a mother with a predominance of SS-B (La) antibodies. AB - An experimental therapeutic regimen for congenital lupus erythematosus, which consists of treating the mother with high doses of dexamethasone and performing plasmapheresis (3 times per week), was developed. This regimen was administered to a woman whose pregnancy was complicated by the abrupt onset of fetal pericarditis, myocarditis, and complete heart block in the twenty-fourth week of gestation. The effectiveness of plasmapheresis was evidenced by a decrease in the very high titer of SS-B (La) antibodies in the mother. After 5 weeks of therapy, the cardiac disease was ameliorated. The infant tolerated delivery at week 31, and the heart block has persisted. The rationale for this therapy for fetal disease is discussed, with emphasis on 2 goals: to diminish the quantity of maternal antibody that is transmitted to the fetus, and to suppress the manifestations of fetal carditis with the use of glucocorticoids that are not inactivated by the placenta. Tentative recommendations for more intensive prenatal monitoring of maternal and fetal status for those at risk are outlined. PMID- 3493007 TI - Linkage studies of HLA and rheumatoid arthritis in multicase families. AB - The linkage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to the HLA-DR locus was investigated in 17 families with multiple cases of RA. Log odds scores were computed using the Liped program; sibship associations were examined by 2 methods. The results showed a trend toward linkage which was short of significance. The results were similar for patients with classic or definite RA, with or without the inclusion of probable RA patients. The finding of strong association and weak linkage would suggest that it is DR4, itself, that is important in RA. PMID- 3493010 TI - Effect of molecular size on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist activity of 8 hydroxy-2-(alkylamino)tetralins and adrenal cortical 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibition potency of metyrapone analogues. AB - A quantitative structure-activity relationship has been established between 5 hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist activity of 8-hydroxy-2-(alkylamino)tetralins (I) and adrenal cortical 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibition potency of metyrapone derivatives (II) and the van der Waals volume, Vw, of the compounds. In both examples the size of the molecules has been significantly correlated with the inhibitory potencies of the compounds. PMID- 3493012 TI - Recent aspects of alcoholism in Sri Lanka--an increasing health hazard. AB - Eighty-five patients (81 males and 4 females) with significant alcoholic histories were studied. Alcohol misuse was directly or indirectly responsible for about 5-10% of hospital admissions in Sri Lanka. Prevalence of alcoholism in patients below 40 years (43% of cases) or with a strong family history (56% of cases) were demographic features simulating trends in developed nations. Although rarely an occupational hazard, the majority in this lower socio-economic group drank illicitly-manufactured brews with high alcohol content while many consumed a mixture of beverages. Lone drinkers were predominant (86%); features of psychological interest were sleep disturbance (64%), emotional problems (42%) and loneliness (34%); domestic problems (36%), social problems (24%) and financial problems (34%) were also noted. Many such factors, either singly or in combination, initiated or perpetuated the drinking habits of the patients. Drug misuse and suicidal tendencies were not observed. Severe hepatic damage was noted in 63% of 42 patients where the histology was demonstrated, and who usually presented with significant hepatomegaly; about 50% of patients below the age of 40 had hepatic damage of a serious or irreversible nature. Direct toxicity of ethanol, toxic contamination during the preparation of illicit brews and nutritional factors appear pertinent to hepatic damage in developing nations. Nutritional factors may cause variations in relation to abnormalities in liver function tests and also liver size among the population studied when compared to findings from the western world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493011 TI - Effect of the new antiallergic drug 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-2 carboxylic acid on inflammatory reactions and platelet aggregation. AB - A new chemical compound, 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid (Sm 857), known to have antiallergic activity was investigated with respect to its antiinflammatory effect. Sm 857 did not inhibit ultraviolet-induced erythema in guinea pigs, intradermal increased vascular permeability induced by histamine in rats and carrageenin-induced edema of the rat hind paw. Further, the compound showed no influence on wound healing in rats and was observed to exert neither analgesic nor inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Sm 857 was thus found to have no effect at all on acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. It was denied, therefore, that any antiinflammatory effect might be involved in the antiallergic effect of Sm 857 but it may be related to an inhibitory effect on the release of mediators or on some earlier stage. Therefore investigation was carried out into its inhibitory action on dextran- and compound 48/80-induced edema of the rat hind paw. As a result, Sm 857 showed a stronger inhibitory effect on dextran edema than tranilast. Sm 857 inhibited endotoxin-induced diarrhea in mice and the effect was similar to that of tranilast, suggesting its inhibitory action on the release of mediators. PMID- 3493013 TI - T-cell subsets and treatment response in AIDS. PMID- 3493014 TI - Role of bronchial brushings in AIDS with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - We evaluated the efficacy of bronchial brushings in detecting Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS. Bronchial brushings were performed on 20 occasions in 15 patients. Nine of the 20 bronchial brushings were performed through an endotracheal tube without using a bronchoscope. Twelve of the 20 were positive for Pneumocystis carinii and 8 were negative. The initial diagnostic yield was 84%, the overall sensitivity 86%, and the predictive value of a negative test was 75%. These data suggest that bronchial brushings could be used as the sole initial technique in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3493015 TI - High-dose corticosteroids as adjunct therapy in severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Three patients with severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, not responding to specific therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, were treated with a 24-hour course of high-dose methylprednisolone. Rapid improvements in the clinical status and the chest X rays were detected. In two of the patients, in whom lung biopsy was performed before initiation of corticosteroids, an intense interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate was seen. In the one patient who had lung biopsy after corticosteroid therapy, a scanty amount of mononuclear cells was demonstrated in the interstitium. Our experience suggests that corticosteroids may be useful as adjunctive agents in the treatment of severe P. carinii pneumonia not responding to specific anti-Pneumocystis therapy. This may be a result of inhibition of mononuclear cell accumulation within the lung by the steroid therapy. PMID- 3493017 TI - [Antipyretic activity of the combination propafenazone/PATS (standardized terpenic active principles)]. PMID- 3493016 TI - Does the perception of reward magnitude of self-administered electrical brain stimulation have a circadian rhythm? AB - The locus of rise of the rate-frequency function was determined for rats at many times of day to ascertain whether the circadian fluctuations in the frequency of bar pressing for electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle could be accounted for by alterations in the perceived magnitude of the reward. No evidence of circadian changes in the value of the locus of rise were detectable. These findings suggest that for self-stimulation, the endogenous circadian rhythm generating apparatus affects behavior through neural mechanisms similar to those through which motivational and arousal variables act. The animal's requirement for verity of memorial representations may underlie the lack of a circadian rhythm in the locus of rise. PMID- 3493018 TI - Efficacy of a new cephalosporin for acute otitis media. AB - The efficacy of a new third-generation cephalosporin, cefixime, in the treatment of acute otitis media resulting from infection with ampicillin-resistant, beta lactamase-producing nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, was evaluated using the chinchilla animal model. The results showed that cefixime, administered in moderately low doses (8 mg/kg of body weight, two times per day), readily penetrated the chinchilla middle ear and rapidly sterilized the effusion. The data also suggest that the effusions were resolved more quickly in the cefixime treated group compared with a group of animals treated with ampicillin or an untreated control group. No adverse side effects were noted in the cefixime treated animals. The results of this study warrant the testing of cefixime for acute otitis media in the clinical setting. PMID- 3493019 TI - A potentially life-threatening aphthous ulcer. PMID- 3493020 TI - Cardiac damage in polymyositis associated with antibodies to tissue ribonucleoproteins. AB - Cardiac damage, consisting of mild diffuse myocarditis or severe inflammation and fibrosis of the conduction system or both, occurs in more than 70% of patients with idiopathic polymyositis. The lesions are strikingly similar to those detected in the infants of mothers with connective tissue diseases. In these infants the damage is associated with the transplacental passage of a maternal antibody to tissue ribonucleoproteins (anti-Ro). The same antibody was identified in 60% of 55 patients with polymyositis and in 69% (23/33) of those with associated cardiac damage including four with complete heart block. Forty five per cent of those patients who were anti-Ro seropositive had no clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of cardiac lesions. They were in the acute phase of illness, however, and no other more detailed heart investigations had been done. It is postulated that cardiac damage in polymyositis is caused by the antibody and that its presence may serve as a marker for heart involvement. PMID- 3493021 TI - Extracts of feverfew inhibit mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine mediated responses: a cytotoxic effect. AB - Feverfew has been used since antiquity to treat inflammatory conditions. Extracts of the herb were found to inhibit mitogen-induced tritiated thymidine ([3H]-TdR) uptake by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), interleukin 2 (IL-2) induced [3H]-TdR uptake by lymphoblasts and PGE2 release by interleukin 1 (IL-1) stimulated synovial cells. Parthenolide, a major secondary metabolite from the herb also blocked [3H]-TdR uptake by mitogen-induced PBMC. However, both crude extracts and parthenolide proved cytotoxic to mitogen-induced PBMC and IL-1 stimulated synovial cells, the cytotoxic effect being functionally indistinguishable from the inhibitory effects. The pharmacological properties of feverfew may thus be due to cytotoxicity, although the time course of the events described in this paper is different from those where feverfew appears to have more specific inhibitory effects. PMID- 3493022 TI - The diffusion of a tumour-specific monoclonal antibody in lymphoma infiltrated spleen. PMID- 3493023 TI - Human colon cancer cell lines secrete alpha TGF-like activity. PMID- 3493024 TI - Specific (EMT6) and non-specific (WEHI-164) cytolytic activity by host cells infiltrating tumour spheroids. AB - The development of a serum-free, low-protein culture medium has allowed the detection of tumour-specific cytolytic cells in EMT6 immunized mice bearing EMT6 multicellular tumour spheroids. Spheroid associated (SAC) and peritoneal (PC) effector cells were specific to EMT6 as the target cell, not killing line 1, P815 or RIF-1. The natural killer (NK) cell sensitive target YAC-1 was also not lysed by SAC or PC, indicating undetectable levels of NK cells present within infiltrated spheroids. In contrast, high levels of cytolytic activity were present in SAC, PC and spleen cells against WEHI-164, a line sensitive to natural cytotoxic (NC) and macrophage mediated killing. The EMT6 specific activity was mediated by Thyl+, Lyt2+ cells. The anti-WEHI-164 effector cell population was Thyl-, Lyt2-. The WEHI-164 killer cells were present in SAC and PC from unimmunized mice while the EMT6 specific effector cells were not. After separation of SAC and PC by size using centrifugal elutriation, anti-EMT6 activity was present only in the lymphocyte fraction while anti-WEHI-164 activity was enriched in the macrophage fraction. PMID- 3493026 TI - Interleukin-1 producing ability of leukaemia cells and its relationship to morphological diagnosis. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a low molecular weight polypeptide produced by monocyte macrophage lineage cells. IL-1 production by primary-cultured leukaemic cells of several FAB subtypes was estimated and compared with in vitro and in vivo lysozyme production. The results indicate that IL-1 production by monocytic leukaemia cells (M4 and M5) is significantly higher than that of myelocytic leukaemia cells (M1, M2 and M3). On the other hand, the serum lysozyme level was not correlated with the FAB subtypes and in vitro lysozyme production by monocytic leukaemia cells was higher than that of myelocytic leukaemia cells, but the M2 subtype was indistinguishable from monocytic leukaemia cells solely on the basis of lysozyme production. We concluded that measurement of IL-1 production by leukaemic cells, as a marker of monocytic leukaemias, was convenient and reliable, and might be useful for the diagnosis of morphologically or cytochemically atypical cases. PMID- 3493027 TI - Rearrangement for the T-cell receptor gene and co-expression of immature T-cell markers and natural killer cell phenotype, in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - We describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia whose blasts co expressed immature T-cell markers and nearly the entire phenotypic repertoire of NK cells. The T-cell nature of the proliferating blasts was proven by the demonstration of the rearrangement for the beta-chain of the T-cell antigen receptor. Although an abnormal phenotypic expression related to the neoplastic proliferation cannot be formally excluded, it is possible that the cells in this patient may represent the clonal expansion of a normal subpopulation of T-cell lineage NK-related cells frozen at an early stage of differentiation. These features provide arguments for discussing the controversial issue of the ontogeny of NK cells and their relationship to the T-cell lineage. PMID- 3493025 TI - Elastase secreted by activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes causes chondrocyte damage and matrix degradation in intact articular cartilage: escape from inactivation by alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - Anatomically intact, murine patellar cartilage was exposed to human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine or Ca-ionophore A-23187. This resulted in an inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and breakdown of cartilage matrix proteoglycans as shown with 35S-incorporation and autoradiography. These effects could not be inhibited by catalase or superoxide dismutase. A serine protease inhibitor and a specific elastase inhibitor prevented both proteoglycan degradation and chondrocyte damage, indicating that PMN-elastase is the causative agent. It was shown that elastase shed by PMN in close contact with the articular cartilage, can escape from complexing with alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor. We would hypothesize that the elastase owing to its dual action (matrix breakdown and inhibition of chondrocyte metabolism) is a major contributor to enzymatic cartilage destruction in inflammatory disorders. PMID- 3493028 TI - Postpartum haemorrhage--a continuing problem. AB - The factors responsible for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in singleton vaginal deliveries, not complicated by a retained placenta, were identified by comparing labour characteristics in 86 women who had a PPH (blood loss greater than 500 ml) with 351 women whose blood loss at delivery was less than 350 ml. Primiparity, induction of labour by amniotomy/oxytocin, forceps delivery, long first and second stages, oxytocin compared with syntometrine (oxytocin plus ergometrine maleate), as a prophylactic oxytocic, were identified as significant risk factors. Epidural analgesia contributed indirectly to an increase in the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. The changes in labour ward practice over the last 20 years have resulted in the re-emergence of PPH as a significant problem. PMID- 3493029 TI - Structure of unfolded and refolded recombinant derived [Ala125]interleukin 2. AB - Naturally occurring interleukin 2 (IL-2) contains an odd number (three) of cysteinyl residues and thus is susceptible to the formation of a variety of intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds. The cysteine at residue 125 has been replaced with an alanine residue by site-directed mutagenesis, and hence, this analogue can form only one intrachain disulfide bond. When expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli, this recombinant DNA derived IL-2 analogue is insoluble, reduced, and inactive. The protein was solubilized by denaturants and, after purification, was oxidized to form an intramolecular disulfide bond. Circular dichroism (CD) has been used to investigate the effects of various denaturants on the unfolding-refolding process of the purified, oxidized protein. A similar conformation is obtained when [Ala125]interleukin 2 [IL-2(Ala-125)] is refolded from 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, 8 M urea, or 5% acetic acid. The resultant protein, refolded from these denaturants, is monomeric and has activity comparable to or greater than that reported for naturally derived IL-2. In addition to this form, aggregates, as evidenced from gel filtration, are obtained. The specific activities of these are greatly reduced, and CD spectra indicated that they have much less helical content than the monomeric form of the protein. CD spectra also showed that the tertiary structure of IL-2(Ala-125) is entirely different in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from that of the monomeric form in the absence of SDS. PMID- 3493030 TI - Potential difference responses to secretory K+, Na+ and HCO3- changes in secreting and resting states of frog stomach in Cl(-)-free media. AB - The effects of changes in secretory concentrations of K+, Na+ and HCO3- on transmucosal potential difference (PD) and resistance in Cl(-)-free (SO4(2-)) solutions were compared for secreting fundus and resting fundus of Rana pipiens. In the resting fundus experiments, histamine was not present in the nutrient solution and cimetidine was primarily used to obtain acid inhibition. Increase of K+ from 4 to 80 mM, decrease of Na+ from 156 to 15.6 mM and decrease of HCO3- from 25 to 5 mM gave, 10 min after the change, in the secreting fundus delta PD values of 39.7, -11.9 and 3.2 mV, respectively. In the resting fundus, 1.5 to 2 h after the addition of cimetidine, the same changes in secretory ion concentration gave delta PD values of 12.2, -5.6 and 1.5 mV, respectively. Replacement of cimetidine with SCN and without histamine yielded a delta PD somewhat lower than that in cimetidine, namely 9 mV for a K+ change from 4 to 80 mM. Subsequent addition of histamine with SCN present gave a delta PD of about 21 mV. The change in PD was attributed to histamine increasing the secretory membrane area, leading to an increase in K+ conductance. Another possibility is that histamine increases the K+ conductance per se. PMID- 3493032 TI - Failure of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to elicit or potentiate Ca2+ release from isolated skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - This study was conducted to resolve the conflicting reports regarding the ability of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) to elicit the release of Ca2+ from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum derived from skeletal muscle. Three different conditions were employed, one of which has been reported to produce an IP3 induced release of Ca2+. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with and without intact feet structures failed to respond to added IP3. In addition, IP3 had no effect on the Ca2+ induced release of Ca2+. These results suggest that, unlike other tissue, IP3 does not mobilize the release of Ca2+ from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. IP3 is therefore unlikely to be the physiological signal linking transverse-tubule depolarization with Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3493031 TI - Molecular interactions of the intrinsic activation complex of coagulation: binding of native and activated human factors IX and X to defined phospholipid vesicles. AB - The assembly of proteins of the intrinsic activation complex has been partially elucidated. In the present study we examine the association of gamma-carboxylated serine proteinase zymogens factors IX and X, and their proteolytically activated counterparts factors IXa and Xa to unilamellar lipid vesicles of defined composition using three types of physical measurement. Utilizing relative light scatter to estimate the dissociation constants for binding in the presence of calcium ions, it appears that factor IXa (0.93 +/- 0.37 microM) may preferentially associate with phospholipids relative to factor IX (0.35 +/- 0.08 microM). In contrast, factor X (0.34 +/- 0.14 microM), the substrate for factor IXa, appears to bind to phospholipid with a higher affinity than factor Xa (0.58 +/- 0.13 microM). These observations are compatible with the hypothesized dynamics where the forward 'traffic' is facilitated by favoring the association of factor IXa with factor X. The dissociation constants were estimated by molecular exclusion chromatography (1.1 - 2.5 microM) and do not reflect these relative and ordered differences in association with lipid vesicles. Quasi elastic light scatter analyses indicate that each protein appears to saturate the same vesicle surface, consistent with competition for similar surface lipids, although the molecular shell formed by factor Xa (36 A) is smaller, suggesting that it has a different packing on the phospholipid surface than the other proteins (64-79 A). The pattern of preferential affinities for phospholipid is consistent with a kinetically functional forward traffic through the reaction precursors to products, and suggests that these preferential affinities may assist in the ordering of the four proteins in the intrinsic activation complex. PMID- 3493033 TI - Extracellular ATP increases cytosolic free calcium in thymocytes and initiates the blastogenesis of the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated medullary population. AB - Exogeneous nucleotides or nucleosides may influence lymphocyte functions such as proliferation and cytotoxicity. We report that ATP, and to a lesser extent ADP, at concentrations as low as 0.3 mM, are highly mitogenic for medullary mature thymocytes, when added in combination with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which is only weakly mitogenic by itself. Under the same conditions, the other nucleotides (AMP; GTP, ITP, 2'd-deoxyATP), the non-hydrolysable ATP analogs (p[NH]ppA, pp[CH2]pA) and adenosine are unable to trigger thymocyte blastogenesis. p[NH]ppA, a potent inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis, potentiates the ATP mitogenic effect. In contrast, T-cell-enriched splenocytes do not proliferate in response to ATP + PMA. These data and measurements of interleukin 2 synthesis suggest that ATP may efficiently deliver in thymocytes the calcium signal necessary for the initiation of blastogenesis (in medullary cells). Indeed, among all nucleotides tested, only ATP or ADP were able to increase the intracellular free calcium level in thymocytes, but not in splenocytes. Our results led us to suggest that thymocytes express on their surface receptors specific for ATP, which might be P2 type nucleotide receptors and could be involved in the lymphocyte response through the regulation of intracellular free calcium levels. PMID- 3493034 TI - [Changes in Ca2+ level in cytoplasm of rat thymocytes after treatment with mitogens]. AB - Mitogen-induced changes in free Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm [Cai2+] of rat thymocytes were studied with the use of quin-2, a Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin were shown to increase [Cai2+] from 150 +/- 10 nM for the resting cells up to the value of 380 +/- 10 nM. This increase in [Cai2+] depended on the mitogen concentration. It was observed both in the presence of 1 mM external Ca2+ and in the Ca2+ free medium. The Con A-induced increase of [Cai2+] was not abolished by Na+ removal from the medium or by verapamil, an inhibitor of potential-dependent Ca2+ channels. Hence, the increase in Cai2+ was not due to an activation of potential operated Ca2+ channels. Agents which raise intracellular cAMP blocked Con A-induced increase of [Cai2+]. PMID- 3493036 TI - [Isolation and partial characterization of EGF-like growth factor from rat glioma tissue]. AB - Using acid-ethanol extraction, two proteins with Mr=8 and 12 kD were extracted from rat glioma tissue induced with ethylnitrosourea. These proteins were shown to complete for the receptor with [125I]EGF (epidermal growth factor) on A431 cells. The 8 kD protein exhibited a marked mitogenic effect by stimulating DNA synthesis in resting NIH 3T3 cells. Stepwise chromatography of the acid-ethanol extract on Biogels P-60 and P-10 resulted in preparative amounts of the protein and allowed for its partial characterization. It was found that the half-maximum stimulation of DNA synthesis in NIH 3T3 cells was achieved at growth factor protein concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. The preparation obtained possessed the EGF-competing activity of 10 ng-equiv. EGF per 1 microgram of protein and stimulated protein phosphorylation of the 170 kD protein in NRK cell membranes. The data obtained suggest that this factor may be related to the family of the so called EGF-like growth factors. PMID- 3493035 TI - [The role of the immunoglobin G "hinge" region in heat aggregation and activation of complex-formation]. AB - A high degree of correlation between the capability of subclasses of human immunoglobulins G to form aggregates due to thermal treatment, and their complement-binding activity was established. On the basis of the experimental data obtained by the methods of light scattering, circular dichroism, microcalorimetry, it was supposed that "hinge" region of immunoglobulins G participates in the initial stage of thermal aggregation and in the activation of the process of complement binding. PMID- 3493037 TI - Lithium discontinuation, serum cortisol, and 5-HTP. PMID- 3493038 TI - Time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies of frog skeletal muscle isometrically twitched by two successive stimuli using synchrotron radiation. AB - In order to clarify the delay between muscular structural changes and mechanical responses, the intensity changes of the equatorial and myosin layer-line reflections were studied by a time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique using synchrotron radiation. The muscle was stimulated at 12-13 degrees C by two successive stimuli at an interval (80-100 ms) during which the second twitch started while tension was still being exerted by the muscle. At the first twitch, the intensity changes of the 1.0 and 1.1 equatorial reflections reached 65 and 200% of the resting values, and further changes to 55 and 220% were seen at the second twitch, respectively. Although the second twitch decreased not only the time to peak tension but also that to the maximum intensity changes of the equatorial reflections (in both cases, about 15 ms), the delay (about 20 ms) between the intensity changes and the development of tension at the first twitch were still observed at the second twitch. On the other hand, the intensities of the 42.9 nm off-meridional and the 21.5 nm meridional myosin reflections decreased at the first twitch to the levels found when a muscle was isometrically tetanized, and no further decrease in their intensities was observed at the second twitch. These results indicate that a certain period of time is necessary for myosin heads to contribute to tension development after their arrival in the vicinity of the thin filaments during contraction. PMID- 3493039 TI - Plasmapheresis in rheumatic diseases. AB - Apheresis is an innovative, expensive method for treating serious complications of refractory rheumatic disease and may be useful in selected cases. Technologic improvements which will increase our ability to remove plasma fractions and/or lymphocyte subsets are the object of study and may alter the current indications for performing apheresis, as well as increasing our basic knowledge of the disease process. PMID- 3493040 TI - [Sympathetic action in skeletal muscle studied by recording mitogenetic radiation]. AB - The reaction of sarcoplasmic molecular organization on the irritation of the sympathetic system was studied in tired frog muscles. The molecular changes have been determined by registration of mitogenic irradiation. The intensive irradiation recorded at the phase of highest sympathetic effect indicated the reinforcement of the regulation process it is suggested that structural and energetic substrate changes associated with irradiation are directly involved in the modulating influences of the sympathetic system. PMID- 3493041 TI - Lack of association between abnormalities of the chromosome 9 short arm and either "lymphomatous" features or T cell phenotype in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), abnormalities in the short (p) arm of chromosome 9, particularly those leading to the loss of material in the p21 p22 region, may be associated with bulky disease at diagnosis (so-called "lymphomatous" ALL) and a T cell immunophenotype. To assess these associations further, we reviewed the clinical and laboratory data for 100 consecutively evaluated children with ALL who had successful cytogenetic studies. From analysis of clinical and laboratory features, 8 of the 100 patients were classified as having lymphomatous ALL. Seven of the 100 patients had aberrations involving the 9p arm or were missing an entire chromosome 9. The prevalence rate of 9p abnormalities in cases of lymphomatous ALL was not significantly different from that in cases without lymphomatous features (1 of 8 v 6 of 92, P = .62). Moreover, all seven patients with 9p abnormalities had the common ALL phenotype. These data suggest that although 9p abnormalities in childhood ALL occur frequently, there is no consistent association with either the occurrence of lymphomatous clinical features or the presence of T cell disease. PMID- 3493042 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of deferoxamine in neonatal acute leukemia. AB - A six week old infant with acute leukemia failed to attain remission with chemotherapy. Because we previously demonstrated that the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) has antiproliferative properties and modulatory effects on cell differentiation, a protocol was designed for in vitro study and for clinical use in the patient. At diagnosis, blast cells were morphologically undifferentiated, had nondiagnostic cytochemistry, showed an abnormal karyotype (t[4;11]), expressed markers of B cell lineage, and demonstrated C mu gene rearrangement. Tissue culture of marrow or blood cells yielded colonies of leukemic blasts. Increasing concentrations of DFO produced a dose-dependent suppression of patient's blast colony growth in vitro, and blasts within colonies showed a marked change in surface antigen expression from lymphoid to myelomonocytic markers, became monocytic in appearance, and developed intense staining for nonspecific esterase. When DFO was given intravenously to the patient as a single agent for 48 hours, blasts no longer expressed lymphoid antigens and became strongly positive for myelomonocytic markers, identical to the in vitro findings. Intravenous DFO halted rising peripheral blood blast cell numbers and allowed a several-fold increase in normal hematopoietic progenitor colony growth. When combined with low-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment protocol, DFO caused striking leukemic cytoreduction. Our findings indicate that DFO has antileukemic properties by virtue of its effects on proliferation and differentiation, and they prompt further experimental and clinical studies with this agent. PMID- 3493045 TI - Augmentation of in vitro human marrow erythropoiesis under physiological oxygen tensions is mediated by monocytes and T lymphocytes. AB - Tissue and marrow (BM) in vivo O2 tensions have been estimated at 23 to 40 mm Hg (3% to 5% O2). We have investigated cellular regulation of burst-forming units erythroid (BFU-E) under 5% O2. BFU-E from BM mononuclear cells (MNC) were cultured in methylcellulose medium and erythropoietin (Ep) +/- monocyte conditioned medium (MoCM, a source of burst-promoting activity, BPA) in the presence or absence of autologous T cells (T) and/or monocytes (M phi) under either 5% or 21% O2 after depletion of T (MNC-T), M phi (nonadherent buoyant cells, NAB) or both T and M phi depletion (NAB-T). MNC BFU-E growth under 5% O2 was augmented over 0.1 to 1.5 U/mL of Ep. BFU-E augmentation under 5% O2 was abolished by depletion of BM M phi, T, or both from MNC. The addition of MoCM affected neither a BFU-E increase under 5% O2 nor the abrogation of that increase upon T or M phi depletion. The addition of 5% to 20% M phi or 10% to 20% T to NAB T failed to restore the BFU-E increase under 5% O2. However, BFU-E augmentation under 5% O2 was reestablished when 10% autologous M phi, 10% T, or 10% T plus 10% M phi were added back to marrow NAB, MNC-T, or NAB-T. BM BFU-E was not augmented in the presence of varying concentrations of catalase, superoxide dismutase, or reduced glutathione at 21% O2; moreover, BFU-E augmentation was maintained at 5% O2 relative to 21% O2 in the presence of each of these antioxidants. CM prepared under 5% or 21% O2 from BM M phi, T, or M phi plus T were assessed for BPA against BM NAB-T using a sensitive BPA assay incorporating delayed Ep addition to cultures. Only CM from mixtures of M phi and T cells at 5% O2 demonstrated potent BPA; little or no BPA was detected with T or M phi CM at 5% O2 and at 21% O2 or T and M phi CM at 21% O2. The sensitivity of NAB-T BFU-E to exogenous BPA was virtually identical at 21% and 5% O2. These results indicate that human BM BFU-E are augmented under 5% O2 and that T cells and M phi together mediate that augmentation by collaborating to produce BPA-like activity in response to physiological O2 tensions. PMID- 3493044 TI - Evaluation of circulating malignant cells provides prognostic information in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology was evaluated prospectively by light microscopy of blood smears and E rosette preparations in 160 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood involvement was related to the type of cutaneous T-stage, being present in 90% of patients with erythroderma (T4), 27% of those with cutaneous tumors (T3), 9% of those with generalized (T2), and 0% of those with limited skin plaques (T1). Untreated patients with blood involvement (38 of 105) had a higher frequency of CTCL in lymph nodes and viscera and survival inferior to that of patients with normal or nondiagnostic lymphocyte morphology (P less than .001). Multivariate analysis showed skin stage and age to be the most important pretreatment risk factors for survival. Although blood involvement was not an independent risk factor for the entire group, it appeared to have some adverse influence in the T2/T3 subsets (P = .051). Both lymphocytosis and size distribution of the circulating CTCL cells at initial diagnosis influenced survival. Patients with "mixed cell" cytology (greater than 20% large [greater than 11 microns] CTCL cells), had a worse survival than those with predominantly small circulating CTCL cells (P = .009). The former were more likely to have aggressive features, including lymph node effacement by tumor (P less than .001) and visceral disease (P = .074), than were "small cell" patients. Our data indicate that detailed review of the blood lymphocyte morphology in patients with diagnosed or suspected CTCL is helpful in predicting extent of disease and prognosis. PMID- 3493043 TI - Multilineage synergistic activity produced by a murine adherent marrow cell line. AB - We reported previously that a cell line (TC-1) derived from adherent marrow cells produced colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and a separate activity that acts synergistically with CSF-1 to stimulate giant macrophage colonies. We now report that an activity in TC-1 conditioned media (CM) separate from CSF-1 also synergizes multilineage colony formation by pure interleukin 3 (IL 3) and a crude source of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) (murine lung-conditioned media). IL 3-induced megakaryocyte colony formation is also synergized. The CSF-1-dependent synergistic activity is not blocked by antibodies to IL 3 and is characterized as a nondialyzable (mol wt cutoff 3,000), heat stable (56 degrees C, 30') activity that binds to DE-52 cellulose under conditions in which IL 3 does not. This material has an apparent mol wt of approximately 200,000 by Sephadex G100 chromatography, and the bulk of it binds to Concanavalin A (Con A) and elutes off with alpha-methyl mannoside, indicating that it is a glycoprotein. As reported separately, these purified active fractions also have a pre-B cell-inducing activity. In addition, a non-IL 3 activity stimulates proliferation of the factor-dependent cell lines FDC-P1 and DA-1. These data indicate that an adherent marrow cell line produces a growth factor(s) that synergizes with IL 3, GM-CSA, and CSF-1 and induces pre-B cell formation. This may be an important regulator of early multilineage lymphohemopoiesis. PMID- 3493046 TI - Studies investigating platelet aggregation and release initiated by sera from patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Many patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have a platelet aggregating factor in their serum that may be pathologically linked with the disease process. To help characterize the type of platelet aggregation and platelet release induced by the sera from seven TTP patients, we measured the ability of a variety of inhibitors of platelet function as well as the ability of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against platelet glycoproteins to inhibit TTP sera induced platelet aggregation and release. These results were compared with the ability of the same inhibitors to block platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin, collagen, ADP, thrombin, and IgG-immune complexes. Monoclonal antibody directed against platelet glycoprotein Ib totally inhibited ristocetin induced aggregation and release but had no effect on aggregation and release induced by the TTP sera or by any of the other platelet agonists. However, the MoAb against glycoproteins IIb/IIIa inhibited aggregation and release caused by TTP sera as well as by collagen, thrombin, and ADP but had no effect on aggregation and release induced by ristocetin. The aggregating activity could be abolished by heparin but not by the serine protease inhibitor PMSF (1 mmol/L). And although monomeric human IgG and purified Fc fragments of IgG inhibited IgG immune complex-induced aggregation and release, they had no effect on TTP sera induced aggregation and release nor on aggregation and release induced by any of the other agonists. Consistent with these in vitro studies showing no effect of IgG were the in vivo observations that intravenous (IV) IgG was without effect when administered to three patients with TTP. This study indicates that although a von Willebrand factor (vWF)-rich preparation of cryoprecipitate enhances the in vitro platelet aggregation and release caused by sera from the seven TTP patients we studied, the pathway of aggregation and release is not via platelet glycoprotein Ib. Also the aggregating factor of TTP sera is not neutralized in vitro or in vivo by IgG. PMID- 3493048 TI - Hearts and minds: how big is the risk of coronary surgery? PMID- 3493047 TI - T-leukemia cell lines CCRF-CEM, HPB-ALL, JM and MOLT-4: changes in isoenzyme profiles during induction of differentiation. AB - Biochemical analysis has been used to monitor the induction of differentiation in cultured human T-leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM, HPB-ALL, JM and MOLT-4) by the phorbolester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The isoenzymes of carboxylic esterase, acid phosphatase, hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase were separated by isoelectric focusing on horizontal thin-layer polyacrylamide gels and stained by histo-cytochemical methods. TPA inhibited the proliferative activity in all four cell lines and led to aggregation of cells seen as floating clusters. TPA induced an increase in number and staining intensity of isoenzymes of all four enzymes in the cell lines studied. This corresponds to an induced isoenzymatic maturation as the progressive increase in number and staining intensity of the isoenzymes parallels the differentiation along the T-cell pathway. However, regardless of the initial stage of arrested differentiation, the cell lines could be induced only to differentiate to a certain more mature stage, but could not be triggered to differentiate terminally with regard to expression of isoenzyme patterns. PMID- 3493050 TI - What can be learned from Third World rheumatism? PMID- 3493049 TI - Suppression and potentiation of 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced hypoglycaemia by alpha-monofluoromethyldopa: correlation with the accumulation of 5 hydroxytryptamine in the liver. AB - Experiments were done to examine whether the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the liver is responsible for the hypoglycaemia induced in mice by 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). (+/-)-alpha Monofluoromethyldopa (FMD), a potent irreversible inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, suppressed the 5-HTP-induced accumulation of 5-HT in the liver at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 or more, but potentiated the accumulation at lower dose of 0.4 mg kg-1. Corresponding to these effects, the hypoglycaemic response was prevented by the higher doses of FMD and potentiated by the lower dose. These contrasting effects of FMD were explicable by the amounts of 5-HTP entering the liver. In contrast, FMD did not prevent either the hypoglycaemia or the accumulation of 5-HT in the liver induced by LPS. These results further support the hypothesis that the accumulation of 5-HT in the liver is causally related to the hypoglycaemia induced by 5-HTP and indicate that the LPS-induced 5-HT accumulation in the liver is not derived from stimulation of 5-HT synthesis. It is still not clear whether the accumulation of 5-HT in the liver is involved in the hypoglycaemic response to LPS. PMID- 3493052 TI - The spectrum of rheumatic diseases in Saudi Arabia. AB - The spectrum of rheumatic diseases seen in Saudi Arabia appeared to be broadly similar to that seen in the West although interesting differences were noted. Rheumatoid arthritis was the predominant inflammatory joint disease, but was less severe. Ankylosing spondylitis is probably rare among the Saudis. Brucellosis was an important cause of acute back pain. Osteoarthritis was characterized by frequent involvement of the knee while the hip was rarely involved. Environmental factors may be responsible for this disease pattern. Regional pain syndromes, associated with obesity, bad posture, and poor physical fitness were also frequent problems. PMID- 3493051 TI - The clinical significance of the anticentromere antibody. AB - To elucidate further the clinical significance of the anticentromere antibody (ACA), 32 Australian-born Caucasian patients with scleroderma (SD) or CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia) were reclassified as ACA-positive (19 patients) or ACA-negative (13 patients). The clinical features of the two groups were compared. Mean disease duration was 11.7 years for the ACA-positive group and 1.1 years for the ACA-negative group. No ACA-positive patient had generalized skin SD, whereas all ACA-negative patients with disease duration greater than 6 months had moderate or severe proximal scleroderma. Only one ACA-positive patient had serious extra oesophageal internal organ involvement, excluding primary biliary cirrhosis (three patients) which is itself associated with ACA. Three ACA-negative patients had serious extra-oesophageal internal organ involvement. No ACA-positive patient had been treated with penicillamine or captopril compared with 11 ACA-negative patients. Thus ACA appears to be a favourable prognostic indicator. Analysis of individual CREST manifestations in ACA-positive patients revealed that most had 'incomplete CREST', lacking one or two of the five features. The classification of SD patients as ACA-positive or ACA-negative is suggested. PMID- 3493053 TI - Punched-card aid in rheumatological diagnosis. AB - A punched-card diagnostic system is described for use in rheumatological practice. The system is based on pattern recognition and provides a list of both common and rare possible diseases. The system is simple and can be manufactured cheaply, and may be of particular use to family doctors in remote areas of practice. The system has also potential as an educational tool for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicine. PMID- 3493054 TI - Diagnosis of rheumatic disease. PMID- 3493055 TI - The detection of massive colonic haemorrhage by selective coeliac arteriography. PMID- 3493056 TI - Antagonists discriminate muscarinic excitation and inhibition in sympathetic ganglion. AB - The effect of muscarinic antagonists was studied on the muscarinic slow IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) and slow EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia using the sucrose-gap recording method. Pirenzepine, alcuronium and atropine reduced slow IPSP amplitude more than slow EPSP amplitude. The most selective antagonists studied were pancuronium and gallamine which blocked or substantially reduced the slow IPSP without significantly affecting slow EPSP amplitude. The results suggest that the muscarinic inhibitory response may involve a different muscarinic receptor subtype, and/or receptor-ion-channel complex, than the muscarinic excitatory response. PMID- 3493057 TI - Treatment of experimental allergic neuritis with prednisolone. AB - Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats was treated with prednisolone given prophylactically or therapeutically. Rats treated from the time of immunization with myelin or after the establishment of clinical disease improved more rapidly than controls. Treatment at the onset of clinical signs resulted in less severe disease and more rapid recovery. Rats treated just prior to the onset of clinical signs (day 10) did not develop significant clinical disease and appeared to have less inflammation in their nerves and nerve roots on microscopic examination. PMID- 3493058 TI - Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a nonoperative approach to life threatening variceal bleeding. AB - Portosystemic venous shunts may be created nonoperatively with a Gruntzig balloon dilatation catheter using the transjugular route. The authors achieved technical success with this shunt in 15 of 20 patients with life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding from variceal hemorrhage. All patients but one were considered at high risk for surgery because of end-stage liver disease; the exception was a patient in whom two previous operative portosystemic shunts had failed. An average decrease of 5.9 mm Hg in portal vein pressure was measured in 11 patients for whom sequential pressures could be obtained. Two patients survived longer than 12 months without subsequent operative procedures, and the shunt helped temporize in three other patients who later underwent operation. Nine patients with successful shunts died within 30 days of the procedure, comparing favourably with reported operative death rates of 40% to 80% in emergency shunt procedures. Follow-up portal venograms demonstrated shunt patency in six of nine patients, in one after 8 months. Tract patency was determined in four of seven patients on whom autopsy was performed, up to 6 months after the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was created. PMID- 3493059 TI - Shared paranoid disorder preceded by cannabis abuse: case report. AB - A case is presented of a socially isolated married couple who developed a shared paranoid disorder preceded by their cannabis abuse with the wife initiating the delusions. After the couple were separated the wife feared that she would be killed and assaulted her child and mother. Delusions in the pair ceased quickly and a return to cohabitation did not result in relapse in the absence of cannabis abuse. PMID- 3493060 TI - Lethal midline granuloma with a novel T-cell phenotype as found in peripheral T cell lymphoma. AB - Lethal midline granuloma (LMG), initially a clinical description, includes an uncommon group of disorders characterized by a relentless, destructive process involving the upper respiratory structures. Its etiology and pathogenesis are uncertain, probably varied, and the distinction between inflammatory and malignant processes is difficult despite extensive clinical and histopathologic evaluation. The need for new techniques for rapid diagnosis has important therapeutic implications. Using an extensive panel of T- and B-cell monoclonal antibodies the authors describe a patient with clinically and pathologically typical LMG demonstrating an "activated" T-cell phenotype with a "novel" pattern characteristic of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, strongly implying that some cases of LMG are more closely related to neoplastic T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders than to inflammatory conditions. Further studies using these immunotyping techniques may help clarify the pathogenesis of LMG, and may uncover specific diagnostic and prognostic phenotypic patterns. PMID- 3493061 TI - Occurrence of immunoblastic B-cell lymphoma in hairy cell leukemia. AB - A 47-year-old man, was referred for evaluation of asymptomatic splenomegaly in September 1981, and a diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) at the initial clinical stage was made. The patient remained asymptomatic until May 1985, when splenectomy was performed because of anemia and splenomegaly. Bone marrow and liver biopsy specimens showed diffuse infiltration by abnormal tartase resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive lymphocytes with typical aspect of hairy cells. Four months later, he developed fever of unknown origin and, at laparotomy, diffuse retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement and metastatic liver nodules were seen. Lymph node and liver biopsy specimens showed diffuse infiltration by abnormal large lymphocytes, which bore monoclonal surface immunoglobulin M and light chain kappa. Only six cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with HCL have been published to date. This report describes an additional case of immunoblastic B-cell lymphoma, preceded 4 years earlier by the diagnosis of HCL. PMID- 3493063 TI - Direct inhibition of murine B lymphocyte differentiation by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - The tumor-promoting agent, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits the humoral immune response of lymphocytes to antigen. To test the hypothesis that this inhibition is due to a direct effect upon B lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes or murine B lymphocytes, enriched by 'panning' splenic lymphocytes onto anti-IgM-coated petri dishes, were immunized in vitro with the thymus/accessory cell-independent antigen trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP LPS) with or without TPA. The number of anti-TNP antibody-forming cells present in both lymphocyte populations after 5 days was almost completely inhibited to the same degree by TPA. These data unambiguously show that TPA can directly inhibit the differentiation of B lymphocytes to antibody-forming cells. PMID- 3493062 TI - Polyclonal polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with prominent pulmonary involvement in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Four cases of pediatric Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) with lymphoproliferative disorder are described and other lymphoid lesions in previously reported cases of pediatric AIDS are reviewed. The lymphoproliferative disorder was characterized by polyclonal, polymorphic B-cell content without evidence of cellular atypia, necrosis or prominent mitotic activity but with predominantly extranodal systemic and prominent pulmonary involvement. Since the lesion has overlapping features it is considered to be intermediate between benign and malignant lymphoproliferations and designated as polyclonal, polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (PBLD) of pediatric AIDS. The PBLD is part of a spectrum of lymphoid lesions in pediatric AIDS consisting of follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of nodal and extranodal sites, pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia/lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis complex (PLH/LIP complex) in cases previously reported by the authors, and also malignant lymphoma reported by others. It is possible that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by itself or in synergism with human T-lymphotropic virus-type III (HTLV-III) is related to pathogenesis of PBLD in children with AIDS. PMID- 3493064 TI - Toxicity and immunogenicity of monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin in rats. AB - This study was performed to assess the subacute toxicity and immunogenicity in rats of XOMAZYME-MEL, an antimelanoma monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received 14 consecutive daily i.v. injections of XOMAZYME-MEL at doses of 5 mg/kg/day, 1 mg/kg/day, or normal saline. Animals from each dose group were sacrificed on days 8, 15, and 22. The low dose of immunotoxin was well tolerated and produced only minimal signs of toxicity. Side effects in animals receiving the high dose of immunotoxin consisted of transient weight loss, peripheral edema, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and mildly elevated liver function tests. Histological findings in these animals included cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes, focal myocardial and skeletal muscle degeneration, and renal deposits of proteinaceous casts. The administration of immunotoxin resulted in the appearance of anti-mouse and antiricin A chain immunoglobulin binding activity in the sera of treated animals. This study documents the systemic effect of the multiple-dose administration of a ricin A chain immunotoxin in rats. PMID- 3493065 TI - Antitumor activity of an immunotoxin in a nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer. AB - An immunotoxin composed of an antibody to the human transferrin receptor (454A12) and ricin A chain (RTA) was shown to inhibit the growth of NIH:OVCAR-3 tumors in a nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer. Inhibition of tumor growth by 454A12 RTA was related to the dose administered. The antitumor activity of the immunotoxin was blocked by coinjection of excess antibody with immunotoxin. An immunotoxin made using 454A12 and recombinant ricin A chain (rRTA) had an activity similar to that made with native RTA. The administration of 10 micrograms or greater of the immunotoxin 454A12-RTA/rRTA had significant antitumor activity. The injection of 30 micrograms of an irrelevant immunotoxin, MOPC21-RTA, or 30 to 500 micrograms of the 454A12 antibody had no antitumor activity. PMID- 3493066 TI - Therapy of patients with malignant melanoma using a monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin. AB - We conducted a trial of a murine monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin (XOMAZYME-MEL) in 22 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. The dose of immunotoxin administered ranged from 0.01 mg/kg daily for 5 days to 1 mg/kg daily for 4 days (total dose: 3.2 to 300 mg). Side effects observed in most patients were a transient fall in serum albumin with an associated fall in serum protein, weight gain, and fluid shifts resulting in edema. In addition, patients experienced mild to moderate malaise, fatigue, myalgia, decrease in appetite, and fevers. There was a transient decrease in voltage on electrocardiograms without clinical symptoms, change in serial echocardiograms or elevation of creatine phosphokinase MB isozyme levels. Symptoms consistent with mild allergic reactions were observed in three patients. The side effects were related to the dose of immunotoxin administered and were generally transient and reversible. Encouraging clinical results were observed, even after a single course of a low dose of immunotoxin. In addition, localization of antibody and A chain to sites of metastatic disease was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining of biopsy specimens. Additional studies are being conducted to continue the evaluation of safety and efficacy of immunotoxin therapy for malignancy. PMID- 3493067 TI - Expression of GD3 ganglioside in childhood T-cell lymphoblastic malignancies. AB - Lymphoblasts from seven children with T-cell lymphoblastic malignancies and three children with non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed for ganglioside content. Nonmalignant T-cells from thymus served as controls. Both ganglioside and glycoprotein sialic acid were increased approximately 3-3.5-fold in T-cell disease compared to thymic tissue when expressed on a per cell basis, but not on a per milligram protein basis. Thin-layer chromatography of the isolated ganglioside fraction from T-cell lymphoblasts revealed two major resorcinol-positive bands. One ganglioside comigrated with II3-alpha-N acetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide (GM3), the major ganglioside in normal lymphoid tissue, and the other ganglioside comigrated with authentic II3-alpha-N acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2----8-N-acetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide (GD3) in three different solvent systems. Neuraminidase treatment of the latter ganglioside yielded GM3 and lactosyl ceramide, hydrolysis products of GD3. Scanning densitometry revealed that whereas thymus cells contained 97% GM3 and 3% GD3, T-cell lymphoblasts contained from 22 to 86% GD3 and a corresponding decrease in GM3. The shift to increased GD3 was observed in the blasts from all seven T-cell patients, but not in the blasts from the non-T, non-B patients studied. Only trace quantities of GD3 were detected from two continuous T-ALL cell lines, HSB2 and RPMI 8402. The results demonstrate a consistently significant increase in ganglioside GD3 in uncultured, patient-derived T-cell ALL lymphoblasts when compared to non-T-cell ALL and normal lymphoid tissue. Therefore, GD3 may represent a tumor-associated antigen for the T-cell subclass of childhood lymphoblastic malignancy. PMID- 3493068 TI - Variations in functional immunocompetence of individual tumor-draining lymph nodes in humans. AB - In studying the histology and immunohistology of tumor-draining lymph nodes, we observed that nodes close to tumor showed reduced paracortical activity relative to those further away. To assess whether this reduction was paralleled by alterations in the functional activity of nodes, we examined the immunocompetence of individually oriented tumor-draining lymph nodes. We assessed the unstimulated activity of lymph node lymphocytes and their responses to phytohemagglutinin, interleukin 2, and one-way alloantigenic stimulation (mixed lymphocyte reaction) in vitro. Regional nodes from patients with malignant melanoma or breast cancer were classified as proximal, intermediate, or distal relative to tumor. Node groups with and without tumor metastases in them were studied. Significant variations in [3H]thymidine uptake were noted with the unstimulated and stimulated lymphocytes of different lymph nodes from the same individual. Nodes near to tumor were less responsive than those located further away; some of the latter showed relative immunostimulation. Tumor-draining node groups thus demonstrated a nonrandom variation in the strength of reaction of individual nodes. There are zones of low and high lymph node reactivity, related to the position of each node relative to tumor. Tumor-derived immunosuppressive products and/or immunoregulation down-regulates lymph node functional activity, creating conditions that may permit the survival of tumor cells and the establishment of metastases. It is suggested that immunosuppression of nodes nearest to tumor may facilitate the early establishment of metastases. PMID- 3493069 TI - Chemoendocrine therapy with prolonged estrogen priming in advanced breast cancer: endocrine pharmacokinetics and toxicity. AB - Recent efforts to improve response rates in advanced breast cancer have used short, alternating courses of antiestrogen therapy followed by estrogen priming to cytokinetically enhance tumor cell sensitivity to antimetabolites. Based on recent in vitro and in vivo studies, we have introduced a chemoendocrine regimen that uses prolonged courses of estrogen priming. The present protocol consists of alternating monthly cycles of tamoxifen (TAM) and estradiol during which sequential (24-hr) methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin are administered at 2-week intervals. Twenty-five patients with metastatic breast cancer received greater than 80 endocrine cycles and greater than 300 courses of chemotherapy by this protocol; two-thirds of these patients had previously failed other endocrine or chemotherapy regimens. Most patients experienced grade 1 or 2 myelosuppression or gastrointestinal symptoms during at least one treatment cycle; however, overall toxicity was considered to be mild and therapy was very well tolerated. Serum levels of estradiol, estrone, TAM, and TAM metabolites were measured during all phases of the endocrine cycle in five patients on chronic therapy. Concentrations of TAM and its more abundant metabolite, N-desmethyltamoxifen (N desTAM), rose twofold during antiestrogen therapy and fell during estrogen priming, with mean levels persisting greater than 100 ng/ml throughout the priming interval. Mean estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) levels rose during priming and were sustained fivefold and tenfold above the basal postmenopausal levels measured during antiestrogen treatment. Calculating the serum molar ratios of [TAM + N-desTAM]/[E2 + E1] during each phase of the treatment cycle confirmed that estrogen priming was achieved pharmacologically by this endocrine schedule. Clinical remissions were observed in this small patient sample with seven of 18 patients achieving either complete (28%) or partial (11%) responses, and an additional 39% obtaining disease stabilization. Further clinical study is necessary to evaluate the optimal response rate of this regimen and to determine whether cyclic estrogen priming by this schedule results in enhanced tumor cell proliferation in vivo. PMID- 3493070 TI - Immune reactivity in SL2 lymphoma-bearing mice compared with SL2-immunized mice. AB - We have studied the rather paradoxical phenomenon of the growth of an antigenic tumor in an immunocomponent host. This phenomenon was studied by comparing the lymphocyte reactivity and the macrophage cytotoxicity, during SL2 growth in DBA/2 mice (SL2-bearing mice) and in DBA/2 mice immunized against SL2 tumor cells (SL2 immune mice). Immune mice rejected a challenge of tumor cells. The immune T lymphocytes rendered macrophages cytotoxic (arming) and were able to transfer tumor resistance to naive animals. Nonimmunized mice did not reject a challenge of SL2 cells. In these tumor-bearing mice various forms of immune reactivity were tested. Lymphocytes with the capacity to arm macrophages could not be found in the lymphoid organs. However, lymphocytes isolated from the tissue directly surrounding the subcutaneous SL2 tumor could arm macrophages in vitro. Shortly after subcutaneous tumor grafting cytotoxic macrophages were found in the peritoneal cavity. In the serum macrophage arming factors were detected that rendered macrophages cytotoxic in vitro. This cytotoxicity of the peritoneal macrophages and the presence of macrophage arming factors in the serum showed a similar biphasic pattern. The first phase of cytotoxicity between day 3 and 8 after tumor grafting was tumor (SL2) specific. The second phase from day 12 and onwards was not tumor specific. During the first 4 days after SL2 grafting the DBA/2 mice expressed a specific concomitant immunity to a second tumor graft. Then 7 or more days after grafting the first SL2 tumor, the concomitant immunity was nonspecific as the growth of a second SL2 tumor graft and a L5178Y (DBA/2) tumor graft were inhibited. In addition, the immune suppressive activity of serum and lymphocytes was tested. Neither serum nor lymphocytes from SL2-bearing mice suppressed the macrophage arming capacity of SL2 immune lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice did not inhibit the capacity of SL2-immune lymphocytes to transfer resistance to naive animals. On the contrary, lymphocytes obtained from SL2-bearing mice 14 days after SL2 grafting transfered tumor resistance in a Winn type assay. These data suggest that the growth of an antigenic tumor is due to the inability of the immune system to mount an effective antitumor effector cell population during tumor growth, rather than an immune suppression of the antitumor reactivity, as a limited immune reactivity could be detected in tumor bearing mice, whereas immune suppression could not be detected. PMID- 3493071 TI - An ineffective monoclonal antibody-ricin A chain conjugate is converted to a tumouricidal agent in vivo by subsequent systemic administration of ricin B chain. AB - An immunotoxin comprising a tumour-specific monoclonal antibody (11/160) coupled to ricin A chain, although inactive in in vitro cytotoxicity assays against HSNtc sarcoma target cells, was found to be capable of significant tumouricidal activity in syngeneic rats if potentiated by ricin B chain. The 11/160-ricin A, when bound to tumour cells prior to their inoculation, led to a slight inhibition of tumour growth s.c. compared with untreated sarcoma cells or those coated with antibody alone. However, all tumours in these groups developed progressively (69/69), whereas in those rats receiving 15 micrograms or 150 micrograms ricin B chain i.v. 5 min after tumour cell inoculation, the 'take rate' was reduced to 75% and 30% respectively, and significantly longer latent periods were evident for those tumours which did develop. Ricin B chain similarly inhibited, in a dose dependent manner, the lung colonisation potential of 11/160-ricin A coated HSNtc cells. No effects were obtained if the B chain treatment followed inoculation of untreated or antibody-coated cells, suggesting that systemically administered B chain is capable of gaining access to and activating antibody-ricin A chain conjugates bound to the surface of syngeneic sarcoma cells in lung or subcutaneous sites. Tumour inhibition was obtained in some instances with intervals of up to 24 h between inoculation of conjugate-coated tumour cells and B chain. Experiments are in progress to determine if such potentiation may be feasible in a therapeutic rather than a prophylactic setting using this syngeneic solid tumour system. PMID- 3493072 TI - A 6-thioguanine-resistant variant of the rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 that is more immunogenic. AB - A 6-thioguanine-resistant (TgR) variant of the metastatic mammary tumor 13762 was found to be very immunogenic. This TgR variant was nontumorigenic and nonmetastatic, whereas the parent 13762 cell line is very tumorigenic and metastatic in normal syngeneic animals. The TgR variant was tumorigenic in irradiated animals. The mechanism of the hosts' immune rejection of this TgR variant was investigated. A 51Cr-release cytotoxic cell assay was used to assess lymphocyte cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) of tumor-draining lymph nodes and spleens from animals injected with tumor cells. In a secondary CMC response of splenic T cells from animals injected with TgR cells, there was a much stronger response as compared to animals injected with 13762 cells. This strong cytotoxic T cell response was short-term and correlated to the host rejection of TgR cells. Previously, we selected revertant cell lines (TgRrev, TgRrevM) from the TgR variant line that were more metastatic and tumorigenic. The revertant cell lines induced a lower CMC response than the TgR line, but a higher response compared to the parent 13762 line. The poor CMC response from 13762 tumor-bearing animals was investigated and appeared to be due to a suppressor T cell response. PMID- 3493073 TI - Tumor-derived interleukin-2-dependent lymphocytes in adoptive immunotherapy of lung cancer. AB - A trial of adoptive immunotherapy was performed in which long-term cultured, interleukin-2 (IL2)-dependent T-lymphocytes were administered to patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lymphocytes were isolated from explants of cancer tissues that were cultured in medium with recombinant IL-2. These T-cells expressed surface markers of activation, and killed a broad panel of tumor targets. Intravenously injected 111indium-labeled T-cell blasts distributed primarily to lungs, liver, and spleen. Despite a paucity of infused lymphocytes detected by external imaging at sites of tumor, five of seven patients showed reduction of their cancers. However, in no case was greater than 50% reduction of total tumor burden achieved. Evidence of increased delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to protein antigens was observed in three patients following therapy. We conclude that long-term cultured tumor-derived T-cells can be transferred safely into humans and that these cells may be capable of enhancing immune responses and mediating tumor reduction in vivo. PMID- 3493074 TI - The role of tumor-specific Lyt-1+2- T cells in eradicating tumor cells in vivo. II. Lyt-1+2- T cells have potential to reject antigenically irrelevant (bystander) tumor cells on activation with the specific target tumor cells. AB - The present study investigates some of mechanisms for tumor-specific Lyt-1+2- T cell-mediated tumor cell eradication in vivo through analyses of tumor specificity in the afferent tumor recognition and efferent rejection phases. When C3H/He mice which had acquired immunity against syngeneic MH134 hepatoma were challenged with other syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma cells, these mice failed to exhibit any inhibitory effect on the growth of X5563 tumor cells. However, the inoculation of X5563 tumor cells into the MH134-immune C3H/He mice together with the MH134 tumor cells resulted in appreciable growth inhibition of antigenically distinct (bystander) X5563 tumor cells. Although the growth of X5563 cells was inhibited in an antigen-nonspecific way in mice immunized to antigenically unrelated tumor cells (bystander effect), the activation of Lyt-1+2- T cells leading to this effect was strictly antigen-specific. Such a bystander growth inhibition also required the admixed inoculation of the bystander (X5563) and specific target (MH134) tumor cells into a single site in mice immunized against the relevant MH134 tumor cells. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that Lyt 1+2- T cells specific to MH134 tumor cells were responsible for mediating the growth inhibition of antigenically irrelevant (bystander) and relevant tumor cells. These results are discussed in the context of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the Lyt-1+2- T cell-initiated bystander phenomenon. PMID- 3493075 TI - [Left ventricular function after myocardial revascularization: radioisotopic angiographic study]. PMID- 3493076 TI - Analysis of somatic mutation and class switching in naive and memory B cells generating adoptive primary and secondary responses. AB - Clonal progeny of naive B cells (producing a primary antibody response) and of memory B cells (producing a secondary response) were identified in a cell transfer system. Primary response clones are typically derived from IgM precursors and express unmutated V regions. Multiple isotype switches occur in these clones. Secondary response clones derive from IgG1 precursors and express highly mutated V regions. Additional switches do not occur. With one exception, there was no evidence for somatic mutation during clonal expansion. The generation of mutated memory cells may thus represent a distinct differentiation pathway. Evidence is presented that, in this pathway, mutants that have lost antigen binding specificity but that remain available for stimulation by a different antigen arise upon antigenic stimulation. PMID- 3493077 TI - Competition for related but nonidentical binding sites on the glycoprotein IIb IIIa complex by peptides derived from platelet adhesive proteins. AB - Two distinct sequences of amino acids, RGDS and HHLGGAKQAGDV, each inhibit the binding of fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor to the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. We have employed radiolabeled, photoactivatable aryl azide derivatives of the two sequences to explore the relationship between the binding sites for these peptides on the glycoprotein IIb IIIa complex. Each probe specifically labeled only the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex of intact platelets. Since each peptide inhibited labeling of the receptor complex by the other, the peptides compete for binding sites on the receptor complex. However, the binding sites do not appear to be identical. Whereas the RGDS probe specifically labeled both glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, the HHLGGAKQA-GDV probe specifically labeled only glycoprotein IIb. PMID- 3493078 TI - Suppression of GvHR by in vitro allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes: the role of lymphoblasts in the regulation of a primary T-cell response. AB - Graft versus host reaction (GvHR) induced in 10-day-old F1 mice by in vitro allogeneically or mitogenically stimulated spleen cells is lower than that induced by unstimulated fresh spleen cells. In vitro stimulated lymphoblasts are unable or only slightly able to induce a GvHR. An active suppression by the blasts is not involved. Since lymphoblasts after in vivo stimulation show an increased ability to elicit a GvHR it is concluded that in vitro and in vivo stimulated lymphoblasts have different properties. A different homing cannot be excluded after transfer to the mouse. PMID- 3493080 TI - Mouse embryonic cells become susceptible to CTL lysis after midgestation. AB - The susceptibility of murine embryonic cells to CTL lysis has been assessed. Zona free blastocysts were not lysed during 6 hr incubation with CTL sensitized against the embryonic genotype and remained capable of implantation and normal development in vivo as well as outgrowth in vitro. Freshly dissociated cells from postimplantation embryos before the 13th day of gestation were not lysed in a 51Cr-release assay, but cells from 13- to 16-day embryos were susceptible to lysis. Cells from Day 12 embryos cultured for 40 hr in the presence or absence of interferon became susceptible to CTL lysis. Cultured cells from Day 10 embryos were only lysed following culture in medium containing interferon. Cell populations lysed in the CTL assay remained resistant to lysis by NK effector cells. These experiments indicate that the murine fetus is protected from the maternal immune system at least during the first half of pregnancy by an intrinsic ability of early embryonic cells to resist cell mediated lysis. Suppression of maternal CTL responses may not be essential for fetal survival until later stages of gestation. PMID- 3493079 TI - Human B lymphocytes capable of spontaneous Ig production in short-term cultures. II. Relationship with the spontaneous DNA-synthesizing B cells. AB - It has been previously demonstrated that normal nonimmunized individuals possess circulating and tissular B cells, which are capable of spontaneous immunoglobulin (Ig) production in short-term (3 days) cultures. We have also observed the occurrence of low levels of [3H]thymidine uptake early in such cultures. This work analyzes the relationship between both spontaneous B-cell functions in vitro: Kinetics studies revealed that both activities were temporarily related, as spontaneous DNA synthesis was maximal from 8 to 12 hr, and declined thereafter, when spontaneous Ig secretion was first detected in the culture supernatant: The abrogation of DNA synthesis at the culture initiation or during the period of early proliferation, but not after 24 hr, inhibited subsequent IgG secretion. The B cells responsible for spontaneous DNA synthesis and IgG secretion exhibited similar low densities, since both were recovered in the 42.5 45% Percoll fractions, and identical large size as determined by 1g sedimentation procedure, and in tonsil, were equally reactive with the BA-2 mouse monoclonal antibody. Finally, limiting dilution analysis showed that the precursor frequencies of both cells under study were similar. These results suggest that spontaneous DNA synthesis and IgG production are carried out by the same subset of in vivo-preactivated lymphoblastoid B cells. PMID- 3493081 TI - Immunotherapy of intraperitoneal cancer with interleukin 2 and lymphokine activated killer cells reduces tumor load and prolongs survival in murine models. AB - The control of malignancy disseminated within the peritoneal cavity is an important problem in the management of low-grade gastrointestinal and ovarian neoplasms. A model of peritoneal carcinomatosis in the mouse was used to investigate the potential of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2) to control intraperitoneal tumor. LAK cells are splenocytes activated in vitro by IL-2. C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with a lethal inoculum of syngeneic MCA-105 tumor. Three days later, the established tumor was treated with adoptively transferred LAK cells and/or exogenous IL-2 administration. LAK cells alone were ineffective in reducing intraperitoneal tumor. Administration of IL-2 alone resulted in limited tumor reduction. Treatment with exogenous IL-2 in conjunction with LAK cells resulted in the greatest reduction of intraperitoneal tumor. The larger the number of LAK cells given, the greater the reduction in tumor. Frequent intraperitoneal bolus administration of IL-2 was more effective than a single daily intraperitoneal injection and intraperitoneal administration of IL-2 and LAK was more effective than systemic treatments. Marked prolongation of life was seen in mice treated with LAK cells plus exogenous IL-2. We conclude that intraperitoneal LAK cells plus exogenous IL-2 is an effective treatment regimen for reducing intraperitoneal tumor in this murine model. PMID- 3493082 TI - Increased expression of the B lymphocyte receptor for transferrin is stimulated by in vivo crosslinking of cell surface IgD. AB - Expression of a receptor for the serum protein transferrin has been shown to be a characteristic of several cell lineages and increased transferrin receptor (TFR) expression to reflect cellular activation. In vitro studies of human B lymphocytes stimulated with antibodies to IgM have demonstrated that these cells have the ability to express TFR and that increased B-cell TFR expression is seen first sometime after these cells enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle. It also has been shown that TFR expression is necessary for proliferation to occur and may be regulated by a factor produced by mitogen-activated T lymphocytes. To examine expression of TFR by activated B lymphocytes in vivo, and to determine the kinetics of induction of TFR expression, we have studied the effects of injecting mice with an affinity-purified goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM delta) on TFR expression. This antibody previously has been shown to activate polyclonally mouse splenic B cells in vivo in a T-independent fashion. Results show that there is a small but definite quantity of TFR on resting splenocytes, at 24 hr after injection nearly all B cells but not T cells express increased amounts of TFR, TFR is increased to nearly the same extent in congenitally athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice as in their normal nu/+ littermates and therefore GaM delta-induced increased B lymphocyte TFR expression is relatively T independent, TFR expression increases as early as 3 hr after injection of 800 micrograms of GaM delta and increases steadily until it peaks 24-48 hr later, and TFR expression in GaM delta-injected mice increases concomitantly with surface Ia antigen and cell size. PMID- 3493084 TI - Activation of the IL-1 pathway during amplification of immune responses in tumor bearing mice. AB - Previous work identified certain components of the immunological network that had been activated following the adoptive immunotherapy of tumor-bearing mice. The present report shows that part of the activation process involves the IL-1 pathway. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) from C57BL/6J mice bearing the immunogenic sarcoma, MCA/76-9, and tumor-bearers injected with cyclophosphamide (CY) or CY plus the intravenous transfer of tumor-sensitized lymphocytes showed relatively high levels of intracellular (IC) IL-1, as demonstrated in the mitogenic and comitogenic assays. Gel chromatography of IC IL-1 and extracellular (EC) IL-1 from TAM induced to secrete IL-1 by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide indicated a single peak of activity of similar molecular size. The active fractions of the EC IL-1 were found to increase in activity as they were diluted to a maximum of 1/64, beyond which IL-1 activity declined. Fractions of the IC IL 1 showed no increased activity on dilution. Filtrates (less than 10 kDa) obtained on concentration of the IC and EC IL-1 samples prior to fractionation were shown to contain an activity (3-5 kDa) that inhibited the uptake of [3H]TdR by thymocytes in the mitogenic and comitogenic assays. Membrane-bound IL-1 activity also was expressed by TAM and this coincided with the previously reported peak Ia expression by these cells. TAM were also shown to induce strong proliferative responses by allogeneic lymphocyte. Systemic amplification of antitumor responses was detected in mice bearing progressing tumors and in those that had received combination therapy as measured both by increases in free IL-1 in the peritoneal cavity and IL-1 within the peritoneal macrophages. These observations indicate that in addition to enhancement of Ia expression, the IL-1 pathway also is activated and amplified systemically in this model system of tumor progression and rejection. PMID- 3493083 TI - Functional characteristics of in vitro generated macrophages: a transient refractory state precedes reinducibility of a spatially restricted, possibly contact-dependent, cytostatic mechanism. AB - Adherent layers of macrophages (M phi-c) generated in vitro from splenic precursors previously have been shown to inhibit proliferation of normal and neoplastic cells by mechanisms that do not involve the secretion of significant quantities of prostaglandins, peroxides, or proteases. In the current report, it is demonstrated that the effective range of the cytostatic effect of adherent M phi-c is so low that cytostasis can be circumvented by preventing the target cells from settling to the adherent layer by incubating the cultures of targets and M phi-c on a rocking platform. Despite the paucity of production of inhibitory mediators, the M phi-c do produce sufficient IL-1 to restore IL-2 production capacity to macrophage-depleted lymphocyte populations. The cytostatic activity of the M phi-c is an inducible event and remains for several days in the continuous presence of mitogen-activated lymphocytes or LPS + lymphokines. Once the activators are removed the cytostatic activity rapidly declines, reaching background levels in 24-48 hr. Maximal cytostatic activity can be reinduced but only 48 hr or longer after the primary activators were removed. A transient period in which the M phi-c are refractory to reactivation can be demonstrated to exist for 1-2 days after removal of the primary activators. PMID- 3493085 TI - Studies on peptides. CXLII. Synthesis of des-1-Ala-des-alpha-amino-human calcitonin gene-related peptide. PMID- 3493087 TI - [Long-term outcome of crystalline lens ectopia]. PMID- 3493086 TI - [Angiographic study and diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy of Candida albicans endophthalmia in a heroin addict]. PMID- 3493088 TI - Quantification of myocardial injury produced by temporary coronary artery occlusion and reflow with technetium-99m-pyrophosphate. AB - Previously, technetium-99m-stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PPi) has been used to localize and estimate the size of myocardial infarcts in animals after permanent coronary artery occlusion. This study tested the hypothesis that 99mTc-PPi accurately sizes myocardial infarctions produced by temporary coronary artery occlusion and reflow in dogs. Three groups of dogs were studied: group A underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by 2 hr of reperfusion, with 99mTc-PPi injected 10 min after reflow (n = 10); group B underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by 2 hr of reperfusion, with 99mTc-PPi injected 90 min after reflow (n = 11); and group C underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by reflow with 99mTc-PPi injected at 10 min and again at 48 hr after reflow (n = 5). Myocardial slices from group A and B dogs were imaged in vitro. Group C dogs were imaged with single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) in vivo, and myocardial slices were imaged in vitro at the conclusion of the study. The extent of myocardial infarction was defined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and coronary blood flow was estimated with radioactive microspheres. In addition, transmural myocardial tissue samples were taken from the center of the myocardial infarction, the lateral portion of the myocardial infarction, the normal myocardium adjacent to the lateral aspect of the infarcts, and from the normal myocardium and counted for 99mTc-PPi activity. A significant correlation was found between infarct size determined by areas of increased 99mTc-PPi uptake and that estimated from TTC staining for both group A (r = .89) and group B animals (r = .98).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493089 TI - Prevalence and clinical aspects of unrecognized myocardial infarction and sudden unexpected death. PMID- 3493090 TI - alpha 1-antitrypsin in hyperlipidemia. PMID- 3493091 TI - Testing strategies for antibodies against nuclear antigens in lupus nephritis. PMID- 3493092 TI - Antibodies against nuclear antigens: association with lupus nephritis. PMID- 3493094 TI - Large-cell lymphoma with diffuse sclerosis. A B-cell neoplasm of late-secretory, preplasma cells. PMID- 3493093 TI - Epidemiologic and laboratory evaluation of homosexual males from an area of low incidence for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3493095 TI - Weill-Marchesani syndrome in mother and son. AB - A mother and son, each showing the characteristic features of the Weill Marchesani syndrome, are described. It is suggested that this family provides further evidence for genetic heterogeneity in this condition. PMID- 3493096 TI - IgG-subclass expression of anti-DNA and anti-ribonucleoprotein autoantibodies in human malaria. AB - To understand further the autoimmune phenomena associated with human malaria, we examined the IgG-subclass expression of antibodies to DNA and to ribonucleoproteins (RNP) in the serum of 99 patients with acute malaria. Of the sera, 22% were positive for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), 18% for double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and 32% for RNP. Using a set of human IgG-subclass-specific murine monoclonal antibodies, we found that autoantibodies to dsDNA were predominantly expressed in the IgG1 subclass. In contrast, anti-ssDNA antibodies were more evenly distributed among the three other isotypes. Antibodies to RNP were essentially of the IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes. However, there was no correlation between these restricted IgG-subclass in the sera. These results are discussed in the context of previous findings of isotype expression of these autoantibodies in patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3493097 TI - Pyrogenic and haematological effects of the interferon-inducing 22K factor (interleukin 1 beta) from human leukocytes. AB - Human 22K factor is a cytokine released by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. The factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta (IFN beta) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells. It was identified as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by its amino-acid sequence and spectrum of biological activities. The pyrogenic and haematological effects of pure 22K factor were studied at different doses and were compared with those of endotoxin and interferon. 22K factor dose-dependently induced fever in rabbits, 0.1 microgram/kg being a minimum effective dose. Intravenous injection in rabbits caused immediate granulocytosis at low dose, while a profound granulopenia followed by hypergranulocytosis was observed at high dose. Preparations of pure 22K factor were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide and lost their biological effects after heat-treatment. Repeated injections of 22K factor did not result in a state of tolerance. There is no evidence that the effects in vivo of 22K factor were mediated by induction of interferon. Human 22K factor, a weak and species specific inducer in IFN-beta in vitro, did not induce detectable amounts of circulating interferon in rabbits. Moreover, injection of rabbits with IFN-beta resulted in a weak effect on body temperature and granulocyte counts as compared to similar doses of 22K factor. PMID- 3493098 TI - Increased production of an interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibitor with fibroblast stimulating activity by mononuclear cells from patients with scleroderma. AB - We have previously demonstrated low IL-1 activity produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with scleroderma (Sandborg et al., 1985) and the production of a 6-9 K IL-1 inhibitor by normal monocytes (Berman et al., 1986). To determine whether this inhibitor accounted for the low IL-1 activity present in scleroderma, the production of IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor by PBMC from eight scleroderma patients was studied. Concentrated supernatants from 24 h cultures of unstimulated PBMC were fractionated on Sephacryl S-200 and tested for IL-1 and IL-1 inhibitor activity in the standard IL-1 thymocyte proliferation assay. In seven of eight patients, IL-1 inhibitor production was increased (average 3.3 X) compared to matched controls. IL-1 production was less than controls in six of eight patients. Partially purified preparations of the 6-9 K mol. wt IL-1 inhibitor were inhibitory to IL-1 induced thymocyte proliferation but stimulatory to fibroblast proliferation when purified by gel chromatography and chromatofocusing (pI 4.5-5.6). These data suggest that an IL-1 inhibitor with fibroblast stimulating activity is produced in higher amounts by PBMC from patients with scleroderma, and may contribute to the fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen synthesis which is typical of this disease. PMID- 3493099 TI - The effect of iron (Fe3+) on the cloning efficiency of human memory T4+ lymphocytes. AB - The effect of iron (Fe3+) and normal human liver ferritin on the proliferative response of normal human lymphocytes to tetanus toxoid was examined. This proliferative response involved memory T4+ lymphocytes as shown by a selective depletion study. Limit dilution analysis revealed that iron, present as ferric citrate, affected the initiation of clone development, and that concentrations of ferric citrate from 30 microM to 1 nM were able to reduce significantly the cloning efficiency of precursor T cells (up to 90% reduction). The reduced cloning frequency was not due to immunological suppression. Clone size was also reduced when iron was present during culture. In contrast, the presence of normal human liver ferritin during culture (concentration range: 300 micrograms/1-10,000 micrograms/1) had no effect on lymphocyte proliferation. The data indicate that low molecular weight iron (as ferric citrate) in concentrations similar to those which have been reported in the serum of patients with iron overload diseases, can interfere with antigen-specific lymphocyte responses and this may have implications for the development of infections and neoplasia in diseases of iron overload. PMID- 3493100 TI - Responses of 'mature' human B lymphocyte lines to inducers of maturation and activation. AB - Four human B cell lines with a mature phenotype (immunoglobulin secretion and expression of membrane markers associated with maturation) were cultured in the presence of phorbol ester (PMA), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and two conditioned media. PMA and DMSO led to changes in phenotype which suggested the cells were being activated, whilst the conditioned media resulted in increased immunoglobulin secretion, accompanied by phenotypic changes more consistent with maturation towards the plasma cell stage. The four cell lines, which had different origins (EBV-transformed normal B cell, Burkitt's lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma) responded differently to the culture stimuli. These differences suggest that the changes associated with transformation affect the way in which these cells respond to agents which stimulate activation and maturation. PMID- 3493102 TI - Natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in primary glomerular diseases. AB - This study was performed to investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity in primary glomerular diseases (PGD), by estimating natural killer (NK) activity from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) assayed against K562 cells, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity from PBMC assayed against chicken red blood cells. The proportion of PBMC was examined by flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibodies OKT and Leu series. NK activity in patients with nephrotics of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) was significantly lower compared to those of the normal controls. In addition, ADCC activity in patients with nephrotics of MPGN was significantly lower compared to the normal controls. The sera from patients with diminished NK activity inhibited NK activity of PBMC from healthy individuals. Furthermore, OKM1 positive lymphocytes were significantly higher in the MCNS, MGN and MPGN patients and Leu7 positive lymphocytes were significantly higher in the MPGN patients. These data suggest that several mechanisms contribute to the defects of NK and ADCC activities in patients with PGD, and the defects in NK and killer cells are common in patients with nephrotics of MCNS, MGN and MPGN, and may be important in the pathogenesis of PGD. PMID- 3493103 TI - SPECT with N-isopropyl-p iodoamphetamine in occlusive cerebrovascular diseases. AB - The role of SPECT imaging with N-isopropyl-p iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) in the detection of angiographically documented occlusive cerebrovascular diseases was evaluated in 24 patients, and the results of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were compared with x-ray CT. Twelve patients had internal carotid occlusion, ten had intracranial occlusion beyond the circle of Willis, one had common carotid occlusion, and one had basilar artery occlusion. SPECT images were obtained with a gamma camera, which was rotated 360 degrees around the patient's head 30 minutes after an intravenous injection of 3 mCi of I-123 IMP. CT images in the transverse plane were obtained, and the regions of reduced attenuation were identified for comparison of topographic extension of the lesion with the regions of decreased rCBF seen on SPECT. In six cases, the lesions seen on the SPECT images were distinctly more extensive than those seen on CT. In the remaining 18 cases, the extent of the lesion was identical on both CT and SPECT images. Radiochemical and radionuclide impurities, the distance of the detector from the head, and the nature of the collimator affected the SPECT results. I-123 IMP SPECT imaging complements CT findings in detecting the ischemic zones beyond the regions identified on CT images, and may have a major rule in the management of patients with occlusive cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 3493101 TI - Defective NK cell activity following thermal injury. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBL) from thermal injury patients were examined for their ability to mediate natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 tumour cells and against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected Raji tumour cells. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies, the number of T3, T4, T8, Leu11, and Leu7 positive cells in PBL obtained from patients and normal controls was determined. Thermal injury patients had decreased levels of T3+ cells and a T4:T8 ratio which was significantly lower than that found in normal control individuals. Although patients had normal percentages of Leu7+ and Leu11+ cells, they had depressed NK cell activity against both K562 tumour cells and HSV-1 infected Raji cells. NK cell activity against K562 tumour cells was severely depressed during the first 20 days after injury. This defective NK cell activity did not appear to be due to a defect in PBL binding to the K562 tumour cells. In patients, the level of NK cell activity against HSV-1 infected cells did not correlate with the level of NK cell activity against K562 tumour cells. This finding further supports previous reports showing that NK cells which kill K562 tumour cells are different from the NK cell population which kills HSV-1 infected cells. Pretreatment of PBL obtained from patients with IL-2 or IFN-alpha, in some cases greatly enhanced NK cell killing of K562 tumour cells. However, IL-2 or IFN-alpha did not enhance NK cell activity in patients who had severely depressed levels of NK cell activity. Interestingly, in some patients, differential responsiveness to IL-2 and IFN-alpha was observed. In some patients, NK cell activity was enhanced by IL-2 but not by IFN-alpha. These results, while only suggestive, may indicate that different populations of NK cells respond preferentially to IL-2 and that IFN-alpha and/or IL-2 enhance NK cell activity in PBL obtained from some, but not all, thermal injury patients. Finally, this study clearly shows that thermal injury patients have defective NK cell activity not only against K562 tumour cells but also against virus-infected cells. PMID- 3493104 TI - Onset of Hemophilus influenzae type-b meningitis during cefaclor therapy for preseptal cellulitis. AB - Second generation cephalosporins are frequently used for the treatment of bacteremic Hemophilus influenzae type b infections. "Breakthrough" meningitis during cefamandole therapy has documented the need for adequate cerebrospinal fluid penetration by these antibiotics if they are to be used in the therapy of Hemophilus infections. A child with H. influenzae type b preseptal cellulitis is reported who initially responded to treatment with intravenous cefuroxime and oral cefaclor. However, while still receiving cefaclor, the child was readmitted with H. influenzae meningitis. Microtiter broth dilution susceptibility testing performed during the second admission showed the isolate to be relatively resistant to cefuroxime (minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] = 4 micrograms/ml) and resistant to cefaclor (MBC greater than 16 micrograms/ml). This experience documents the need to monitor the clinical response closely during therapy of H. influenzae bacteremic infections with these second generation cephalosporin treatment regimens. In addition, attention should be paid to minimum inhibitory concentrations of these cephalosporins, since variations in H. influenzae type b susceptibility to these agents may limit their efficacy. PMID- 3493105 TI - Width of facial attached gingiva and depth of gingival sulcus. A clinical study in Greek schoolchildren. PMID- 3493106 TI - Toothbrushing frequency, cleanliness, and smoking habits in young adolescents. PMID- 3493107 TI - Screening for AIDS and ARC in the population. PMID- 3493108 TI - Attitudes and perceptions of students and faculty toward teaching behavioral science aspects of dental practice. PMID- 3493109 TI - Immunological responses of patients with recurrent herpes genitalis. AB - Immunological responses of patients with recurrent herpes genitalis (RHG) were assayed in comparison to those of patients affected by recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) and to those of normal seropositive and seronegative controls. Total T cells were normal while a significant (p less than 0.001) reduction of cells with helper phenotype was found only in people with RHG, who were also lacking specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen. HSV type 2 was demonstrated in their active lesions. Number of human NK-1 positive (HNK-1 +) cells was increased in RHG showing an inverse correlation with depressed natural killer (NK) activity. These abnormalities were found irrespective or not if tests were carried out during the active phase of the disease or during quiescence and were confirmed during the 2-year follow-up period to which patients were submitted. Similar abnormalities were found in RHL only during the active phase and reversed to normal during quiescence. Our data indicate the presence of specific cellular and NK unresponsiveness in subjects with severe and long-lasting herpes genitalis. PMID- 3493110 TI - Extrarenal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: sensitivity to glucocorticoid treatment. AB - The response of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] to challenge with vitamin D treatment both before and after 7-10 days of prednisone therapy (25 mg/day) was investigated in five anephric subjects, six patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), two patients with vitamin D intoxication and four patients with hypoparathyroidism. In anephric subjects serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D] rose from 58 +/- 48 (SD) to 377 +/- 221 (SD) nmol/l after administration of 150 micrograms of 25-(OH)D3 for 1 month. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D, which was barely detectable in only two out of five patients under basal conditions, rose to 30 +/ 21 pmol/l after 2 weeks of therapy with 25-(OH)D3, but fell to 10 +/- 5 pmol/l during prednisone treatment. In CRF patients circulating 1,25-(OH)2D rose from 37 +/- 24 to 58 +/- 24 pmol/l during 25-(OH)D3 therapy, but fell to 41 +/- 31 pmol/l during prednisone treatment. In two patients with rheumatoid arthritis, hypercalcaemia due to vitamin D intoxication was associated with raised levels of 1,25-(OH)2D (288 and 317 pmol/l). Administration of prednisone resulted in suppression of 1,25-(OH)2D levels (132 and 96 pmol/l respectively) and reduction of serum calcium to within the normal range. In the hypoparathyroid patients prednisone therapy did not affect circulating 25-(OH)D levels but serum 1,25 (OH)2D fell from 192 +/- 42 to 117 +/- 23 pmol/l and serum calcium from 2.41 +/- 0.21 to 2.20 +/- 0.05 mmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493111 TI - Serum osteocalcin in the treatment of senile osteoporosis with anabolic steroids. Further evidences for a new marker of bone formation. PMID- 3493112 TI - [The implantable automatic defibrillator]. PMID- 3493113 TI - Rapid determination of X/V growth requirements of Haemophilus species in broth. AB - A broth system was developed for rapid identification of the requirement for X factor (hemin), or V factor (NAD), or both for growth of Haemophilus species. This system was compared to growth around paper discs/strips impregnated with factors X and/or V. The broth system consisted of three tubes, each containing brain-heart infusion broth supplemented with V factor, X factor, or both. Each tube was inoculated with a saline suspension of an Haemophilus isolate, and the broths were shaken for aeration at 37 degrees C. Under these conditions turbidity or clumping was usually evident after 4-5 hr only in the broth(s) containing the required supplement(s). A few strains requiring only V factor required overnight incubation. One hundred fifty-six Haemophilus isolates were tested for growth around supplemented discs/strips or in supplemented broths: 129 were H. influenzae/aegypticus, 25 were of various species that required only V factor, and 2 were H. aphrophilus. Ten of 89 H. influenzae isolates from the respiratory tract were misidentified by satellitism. All isolates were correctly identified by growth in supplemented broths. The cost of the broth assay was about 60 cents/test, whereas the satellite assay cost about 120 cents/test. Serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity testing could be performed directly from the broth culture. Determination of X and/or V requirement by Haemophilus species with supplemented broths was sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive. PMID- 3493114 TI - CT diagnosis of delayed cerebral air embolism following intraaortic balloon pump catheter insertion. AB - Air embolism to the brain occurred several days after insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump. CT demonstrated diffuse hemispheric edema along with two small collections of air in the cerebral hemispheres. Early diagnosis of air embolism to the brain allows early institution of proper therapy in this life-threatening condition. PMID- 3493115 TI - The use of electricity in treating ununited fractures. PMID- 3493116 TI - Transcription expressed by isolated cell nuclei in relation to the cell cycle. AB - In vitro transcription of stimulated T lymphocyte nuclei was studied using a previously described method for evaluating the accumulation of double labelled transcription products. Whereas RNA elongation was inhibited during the G0 and S phases of the cell cycle, the synthesis of short-living products (probably products of abortive initiation) still proceed in vitro. Release of the elongation block with concommitant decrease of short-product synthesis was observed during the G1 phase. PMID- 3493117 TI - Roentgenographic patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 104 patients with AIDS. AB - We reviewed the initial and follow-up chest roentgenograms (CXR) of 104 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed between 1981 and 1985 in order to determine the relative frequencies of its various roentgenographic patterns. Although a diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrate is most common, it was concluded that unusual and atypical roentgenographic manifestations of PCP occur in AIDS. These include localized infiltrate, cystic or honeycomb lesions, hilar enlargement and spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 3493118 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations, activation phenotypes, and spontaneous proliferation in tuberculous pleural effusions. AB - The state of lymphocyte activation in tuberculous pleural effusions was studied. The proportion of cells at and beyond the G1 phase of the cell cycle displaying interleukin-2 receptor, transferrin receptor or gp 40/80 glycoprotein in avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) staining was 6 +/- 2 percent, 8 +/- 3 percent, and 14 +/- 4 percent of all pleural fluid mononuclear cells, respectively. These findings imply that only a fraction of pleural fluid lymphocytes is activated in tuberculosis. The proportion of autoradiographically visualized 3H-thymidine incorporating blasts at the S phase of the cell cycle was 1.2 +/- 0.3 percent. This phenomenon further confirms the impression that, in spite of activation, most of the pleural fluid mononuclear cells are resting cells. The T4/T8 ratio in the functionally active blast cell population determined by a double labeling method combining ABC staining with autoradiography was similar to the total T4/T8 ratio (2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 2.7 +/- 0.8, p greater than 0.05) calculated for all pleural fluid mononuclear cells. PMID- 3493119 TI - Effect of smoking on functional activity of plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor. AB - We determined the levels of alpha 1-protease inhibitor, the plasma trypsin inhibiting capacity (TIC), and elastase-inhibiting capacity (EIC) in 29 nonsmokers and 30 smokers, who were healthy volunteers matched for age (mean age, 39 +/- 12 years [+/- SD]). The functional activity of plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor (in micrograms of enzyme inhibited per microgram of alpha 1-protease inhibitor) was slightly but significantly lower in smokers, compared with nonsmokers, both for TIC and EIC (smokers' TIC and EIC were 88.0 +/- 16.2 percent (+/- SD) and 90.4 +/- 17.9 percent of the respective mean values in nonsmokers; p less than 0.05). Among smokers, there was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.37; p less than 0.05) between the average number of cigarettes smoked per day and the functional activity of plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor; the seven subjects who smoked 40 or more cigarettes per day had significantly lower EIC and TIC than the remaining smokers. In 12 smokers tested before and after a two-hour period of intense smoking of eight cigarettes, there was a statistically significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in EIC one hour after smoking to 93.9 +/- 2.5 percent (+/- SE) of the initial value prior to smoking. It is concluded that there is a slight but significant decrease in the functional activity of plasma alpha 1-protease inhibitor in smokers, both for TIC and EIC. PMID- 3493120 TI - Multivariate discriminant analysis of risk factors for operative mortality following isolated coronary artery bypass graft. Loyola University Medical Center experience, 1970 to 1984. AB - The Loyola Open-Heart Registry is a fully operational database that contains detailed data on approximately 9,000 patients who have undergone coronary bypass or cardiac valve replacement from January 1970 to December 1984. We analyzed the registry data using multivariate discriminant analysis to identify and quantitate those factors that might predict operative mortality (OM) for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts at Loyola University Medical Center: Operative mortality was defined as death within 30 days following surgery. A total of 50 clinical and angiographic variables were analyzed for possible univariate association with operative mortality. Twenty-two variables were found to have significant univariate association with OM, and these 22 variables were subjected to multivariate discriminant analysis. For patients undergoing isolated, elective coronary artery bypass, the factors found to be predictive of OM are age (greater than 70) (F = 11.57), severe (more than six stenoses) coronary artery disease (F = 5.81), diffuse disease (F = 5.54), positive family history (F = 5.17), and number of coronary arteries bypassed (F = 4.78). PMID- 3493121 TI - Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction and activity responsive pacing. Effect on refractory atrial fibrillation with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - A 50-year-old man had chronic atrial fibrillation that was refractory to conventional therapy. He was intolerant of amiodarone, but successfully managed by transcatheter atrioventricular junction ablation. Activity-initiated rate responsive ventricular pacing resulted in a fourfold greater increase in cardiac output with exercise compared to fixed rate pacing. PMID- 3493122 TI - Endobronchial Pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - We report a case of endobronchial Pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient who most likely had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although many unusual manifestations of Pneumocystis pneumonia have been reported in patients with AIDS, this is the first case of P carinii presenting as an endobronchial mass. PMID- 3493123 TI - [Hypertension and bleeding from the upper digestive tract secondary to an operation for patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 3493124 TI - Aggressive angiographic diagnosis in acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - To assess the value of recently developed aggressive pharmacologic angiographic techniques for the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, we reviewed our experience with 63 consecutive patients referred for angiography. Hemorrhage was severe as indicated by a mean blood transfusion requirement of 9.4 units. Extravasation of contrast (46%), or an obvious vascular abnormality suggestive of a bleeding site (32%), was identified in 78% of patients. Extravasation was seen more frequently in patients with greater than or equal to 3 units of transfusion (66%) than in those with less than 3 units of transfusion (17%, P less than 0.001). After the introduction of pharmacologic techniques using heparin, tolazoline, streptokinase, and indwelling arterial catheters, the percentage of studies with extravasation of contrast increased from 32 to 65% (P less than 0.01). Application of aggressive angiographic techniques increases the diagnostic yield of angiography in acute severe lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage while exposing the patient to modest increased procedure-related risks which can be accepted in selected patients. PMID- 3493125 TI - Epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Canterbury, New Zealand. AB - A prospective study of incidence and prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in persons under 20 years was conducted over a 4-year period (1 February 1982-1 February 1986) for the Canterbury Hospital Board (total population 342,000) area in New Zealand. A central register for the area was established at the beginning of the study period. Degree of ascertainment was close to 100%. Average annual incidence was 11.7 persons per 100,000 (females: 10.6 per 100,000; males: 12.7 per 100,000) with no significant sex difference or temporal trends. Incidence peaks were seen for both sexes in the pubertal ages (females: 11 years; males: 13 years), with minor peaks occurring for both sexes in the pre-school ages. Age of onset was significantly younger in females than males. A seasonal variation in incidence was seen for males, with peaks in late autumn and mid winter. 5.7% of the new diabetics had a first-degree relative with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies were detected in 68% of new diabetics and in 0% of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Thyroid, gastric and adrenal auto-antibodies were seen more frequently in diabetics than in controls, but this difference was not significant. Prevalence of insulin dependent diabetes on 1 February 1982 was 1.00 per 1000 and 1.05 per 1000 on 1 February 1986. The insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus incidence characteristics noted for the Canterbury Hospital Board area are similar to those reported for European and North American populations. PMID- 3493126 TI - The effect of puberty on the development of early diabetic microvascular disease in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - We studied the prevalence of early diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in 21 prepubertal and 55 late-pubertal subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). All subjects had IDD of 5-7 years duration at the time of evaluation. The prevalence of early diabetic retinopathy was significantly greater in the late pubertal subjects than prepubertal subjects (33% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.05), despite similar glycosylated hemoglobin values between the two groups (11.7 +/- 2.7% vs. 10.1 +/- 1.6%) at the time of evaluation. Nephropathy was infrequent in late pubertal subjects (9%), and absent in the prepubertal subjects. We hypothesize that puberty plays an important role in the development of microvascular complications of IDD, and that increases in growth factors, sex hormones and deterioration in glycemic control at the time of puberty may each enhance the development of diabetic microvascular disease. PMID- 3493127 TI - The extent of drug use among Egyptian male university students. AB - The main aim of the present study was to provide factual information regarding the extent of non-medical use of substances among university students. A subsidiary purpose was to shed light on the aetiology of such use. A standardized questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of male students at Cairo and Ein-Shams Universities (N = 2711) both situated in Greater Cairo. Demographic and drug use related data are discussed. Among the interesting results are the following: ages of onset for using any drug are delayed, compared with corresponding ages among secondary school pupils; the percentage of young men who tried stimulants was much bigger than the respective percentage among secondary school boys; the proportions who reported continuing with drug abuse until time of interviewing ranged between about 10% and 31% of those who 'ever tried' drugs; highly significant association between exposure to elements of a 'drug culture' and drug abuse is underlined; meaningful association between drug use and beliefs about effects of such use is established. PMID- 3493128 TI - [Intestinal hemorrhage due to multiple phlebectasias of the small intestine]. AB - A 37-year-old man had recurrent intestinal bleeding and resulting chronic anemia from multiple phlebectasias of the small intestine. Contrast medium studies and endoscopy of the intestine were negative. Abdominal angiography, however, demonstrated phlebectasias in the region supplied by the jejunal arteries. At operation and on examination of a resected portion of the jejunum, these multiple phlebectasias were demonstrated. Resection of the worst affected portion of the jejunum with end-to-end anastomosis was without complications postoperatively, the benzidine test on faeces was negative, and the blood-hemoglobin level gradually rose. Since radiological examination with contrast media and endoscopy are often negative in bleedings from vascular malformations of the intestine, abdominal angiography should be performed in case of intestinal bleedings not diagnosed by other methods. PMID- 3493130 TI - [The quality of primary care of rheumatic diseases in childhood]. AB - Primary treatment of 123 children with joint conditions up to referral to the rheumatological outpatient department of an university hospital was investigated. Only 81 (66%) of the children were referred with a diagnosis. This could in turn be confirmed only in 24 children (20%). The most frequent false diagnoses were "infection arthritis" (18%) and "rheumatic fever" (7%). Inadequate therapies were likewise frequent during primary care: 30 children (24%) received plaster casts which in five children (17%) led to a contracture which was difficult to influence. Only 21 children (17%) received physiotherapy. Twenty-one children (17%) were treated with corticoids, 16 children (13%) with pyrazolidine derivatives and 33 (27%) were treated with antibiotics. Further treatment in the clinic then revealed that corticoids were indicated in only five cases and pyrazolidine derivatives in no case. Acetylsalicylic acid was generally sufficient to eliminate symptoms. Our results indicate that in terms of the early correct diagnosis and commencement of adequate therapy which is important for the prognosis, primary treatment of children with rheumatic diseases is inadequate. Appropriate training and postgraduate education of the doctors concerned is necessary in order to improve the situation. PMID- 3493129 TI - [Basedow's disease and mitral valve prolapse]. AB - The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was investigated in 60 patients with Graves' disease (42 with ophthalmopathy) and in 20 patients with toxic nodular goitre. 2410 patients from the echocardiography laboratory served as controls. Standard M-mode, Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed. Mitral valve prolapse was defined as a systolic buckling greater than or equal to 3 mm. In patients with thyroid disease HLA antigens were determined. Patients with Graves' disease showed a significantly higher incidence of mitral valve prolapse (36/60, 60%) compared to the group with toxic nodular goitre (2/20, 10%) and to controls (238/2410, 9,9%) (P less than 0.0001). 16 of 36 patients had a prolapse of the anterior, in 3 of 36 the posterior leaflet was involved and 17 of 36 had both. Mean systolic buckling was 4.3 +/- 1.5 mm. 28 of 42 patients with ophthalmopathy (67%) showed a mitral valve prolapse. 20 of 60 patients (33.3%) with Graves' disease but none in the goitre group showed a thickened myxomatous valve (P less than 0.001). Thyroid function did not influence the incidence and intensity of the prolapse. The HLA phenotypes B8 were seen in 22 of 36 and DR3 in 24 of 36 patients with mitral valve prolapse. Since thyroid function was comparable in both groups an involvement of the mitral valve in an autoimmune process affecting several organs can be considered probable. PMID- 3493131 TI - Colour vision defects and gene flow in Nigerians. PMID- 3493132 TI - [Electric inhibition of excitation of the dental pulp as illustrated by vital extirpation]. PMID- 3493134 TI - Ribosomal protein phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro by vaccinia virus. AB - Ribosomal protein phosphorylation was investigated in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells infected with vaccinia virus (Copenhagen strain). After 90 min of simultaneous infection and 32P-labelling, ribosomal proteins Sa, S2 and S13 appear specifically phosphorylated as well as Sb/La, P1 and S6, which are also phosphorylated in control cells. Sa is an acidic protein, whose phosphorylation has not been observed previously. A kinetic study showed that S2 is phosphorylated very rapidly within 10 min after the beginning of infection and it is complete 1 h later. The phosphorylation of S13 begins after a lag time of about 1 h and is completed after about 2.5 h of infection. Moreover only one phosphate is incorporated into S13 on a serine residue while up to four phosphates are incorporated into S2, the first on a serine and the three following on threonine residues. In vivo experiments, carried out in the presence of cycloheximide and cordycepin, suggest a viral origin for the kinase involved in the phosphorylation of S2 and S13. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the kinase associated with the viral cores is capable of phosphorylating S2 on a serine residue only. In our cell/virus system, no significant difference in S6 phosphorylation was detected, when compared to uninfected cells. It is concluded that the specific and efficient phosphorylation of three ribosomal proteins from the 40S ribosomal subunit correlate well with possible translational mechanisms ensuring the efficient expression of early and late genes of vaccinia virus. In the light of these and previous results [Person, A. and Beaud, G. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 8283-8289], a mechanism is proposed for the shut-off of host protein synthesis and the selective translation of mRNAs of viral origin. PMID- 3493133 TI - The haemopoietic growth factors interleukin 3 and colony stimulating factor-1 stimulate proliferation but do not induce inositol lipid breakdown in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. AB - The haemopoietic growth factors interleukin 3 (IL-3) and colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) stimulate the survival and proliferation of murine normal bone marrow-derived macrophages. To establish whether these growth factors elicit their effects via the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] to form the second messengers inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and diacylglycerol, macrophages were labelled with tracer quantities of [3H]inositol. Treatment of these cells with either IL-3 or CSF-1 did not alter the levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 or Ins(1,4,5)P3. However, addition of the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) which does not stimulate proliferation in macrophages caused a marked and rapid increase in the levels of Ins(1,4,5)P3, inositol bisphosphate and inositol monophosphate, and a decrease in the amount of PtdIns(4,5)P2. FMLP also evoked a rapid increase in intracellular cytosolic Ca2+ levels, as measured with quin 2 the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent probe, whereas IL-3 and CSF-1 had no such effect. These results suggest that FMLP stimulates the hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to form the second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P3 which acts to increase the levels of cytosolic Ca2+, and that IL-3- and CSF-1-stimulated proliferation in macrophages is not associated with the formation of PtdIns(4,5)P2-derived second messengers. PMID- 3493135 TI - Structural characterization of gangliosides from murine T lymphocytes. AB - Mouse spleen cells were prepared from CBA/J mice, and T lymphocytes were selectively stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A and further propagated in the presence of the T cell growth factor interleukin-2. The T cells were metabolically labeled with D-[1-14C]galactose and D[1-14C]glucosamine, and the gangliosides were extracted and purified by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Carbohydrate backbone structures of the asialogangliosides, prepared by mild acid hydrolysis, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, treatment with exoglycosidases and immunostaining. Monosialylated gangliosides were isolated by gradient elution from DEAE-Sepharose and further separated by preparative high-performance thin-layer chromatography in two solvent systems. Isolated fractions were characterized by preparation of asialogangliosides by mild acid hydrolysis, the action of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, and fast-atombombardment mass spectrometry. The following structures were identified: IVNeuAc-GgOse4Cer; IVNeuGc-GgOse4Cer; IVNeuAc GgOse5Cer; and IVNeu-Gc-GgOse5Cer. The latter two gangliosides were not detected on B lymphoblasts and may be T-cell-specific structures. All gangliosides were heterogeneous in their ceramide moieties, being substituted with C16:0, C24:0, and C24:1 fatty acids. A preliminary study of several other mouse strains showed no strain-specific genetic variations in the T cell gangliosides. The possible role of these gangliosides is discussed. PMID- 3493136 TI - Presence of glycoproteins in the cell nucleus as shown by radioautographic studies after administration of [3H]fucose and [3H]galactose. AB - Dorsal root ganglia were removed from adult bullfrogs and incubated with [3H]fucose for intervals from 15 min to 1 h, followed by fixation. Some ganglia were post-incubated in the absence of [3H]fucose for up to 17 h. In additional in vivo experiments, young frogs were injected with [3H]fucose, and killed 30 min or 1 h later, and then ganglia were removed and fixed. Electron microscope radioautographs of the ganglia revealed an intense radioautographic reaction over the nuclei of Schwann and satellite cells as early as 5 min after initial exposure to [3H]fucose. At time intervals up to 2 h after initial exposure to [3H]fucose, the silver grains were evenly distributed over both the periphery and internal regions of the nucleus, while at 18 h they were localized to the cell periphery. In occasional cells, the perinuclear space was expanded in some areas and was the site of reaction. In young rats, injected with [3H]galactose and killed 15 min to 5 h later, electron microscope radioautographs revealed heavy reaction over the nuclei of duodenal villous and crypt columnar cells, in which the grains were evenly distributed over both the peripheral and internal regions. In mitotic cells, grains appeared to be associated with the condensed chromatin of forming chromosomes. These results provide strong evidence that glycoproteins exist in the nuclei of the above cell types and that they are actively renewed. The rapid appearance of nuclear reaction after initial exposure to [3H]fucose or [3H]galactose indicates that either these sugars are added to glycoproteins within the nucleus itself or that they migrate rapidly to this site after having been glycosylated elsewhere. PMID- 3493138 TI - Atrial pacing in the detection and evaluation of coronary artery disease. AB - Atrial pacing has been recently re-evaluated as a stress test for the detection of coronary artery disease. This sort of stress, especially if used in conjunction with cardiac imaging techniques can be considered a reliable alternative to physical exercise. In patients with recent myocardial infarction it can be usefully and safely utilized to obtain prognostic information. In fact, patients with recent myocardial infarction and a positive electrocardiogram (decreases ST greater than or equal to 1 mm) during atrial pacing more frequently than others present subsequent major cardiac events. Limitations of traditional pacing test (invasivity, poor sensitivity of electrocardiography) can be overcome with a new test we have recently proposed: two-dimensional echocardiography during atrial pacing. We have used this new stress test to detect patients with significant coronary artery disease, to identify patients with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease and to evaluate the effect of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3493137 TI - Myocardial glucose utilization in ischaemic heart disease: preliminary results with F18-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. AB - Regional myocardial utilization of glucose can be assessed non-invasively in man with the sugar analogue F18-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). The preliminary observations made in patients with different clinical forms of ischaemic heart disease using FDG and PET are reported. In patients with stable angina pectoris at rest, regional myocardial glucose utilization was comparable to that in normal volunteers whilst an increased utilization of glucose was found in the recovery from exercise-induced ischaemia in the regions that showed an abnormal perfusion during the stress test. These metabolic changes persisted in the recovery phase when all the parameters that were altered during the exercise, including myocardial perfusion, had normalized. In patients with unstable angina, characterized by repeated episodes of spontaneous ST depression, myocardial glucose utilization was regionally or globally increased already at rest in the absence of symptoms or signs of ischaemia at the time of study and most often without evident perfusion abnormalities. In patients with a recent infarction, two different patterns of glucose utilization in the infarcted area have been described: a concordant decrease of myocardial perfusion and glucose utilization; a disproportionately increased glucose utilization relative to perfusion interpreted as an index of the presence of ischaemic, but still viable myocardium. PMID- 3493140 TI - Visual acuity and stereopsis between the ages of 5 and 10 years. A cross sectional study. AB - The development of visual acuity and stereopsis was studied in 321 boys and 340 girls aged between 5 and 10 years. Visual acuity was assessed by the E test and a modified version of the STYCAR test, stereo acuity by the Lang-Stereo test [17]. Both vision tests showed an increase in the median visual acuity between the ages of 5 and 10 years. The E test indicated an increase from 1.2 between 5 and 6 years to 1.5-1.7 between 7 and 10 years. The values obtained with the STYCAR test were 0.6-1.3 higher, depending on the test rating used. Visual acuity norms between 5 and 10 years are presented as empirical centile curves. No significant differences were observed in visual acuity between the left and right eyes, nor between the sexes. The right eye was found to be the leading eye in 54.8% of the boys and 54.5% of the girls (P less than 0.001). The Lang-Stereo test was passed by 87.9%-94.3% of all children, and there were no significant differences with respect to age and sex. Children who failed the test had a significantly lower visual acuity than those who passed it. In the former group a significant interocular difference in visual acuity was present (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3493141 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) in the cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed by Particle Counting Assay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 26 non-neurological patients, from 190 patients with various neurological disorders and from 84 patients with malignant hemopathies. With a sensitivity limit of 0.5 microgram/l, SP1 was undetectable in normal CSF. High levels were observed in CSF from one pregnant woman with herpetic encephalitis and from another woman with post-puerperal thrombophlebitis as a result of high serum concentrations and leakage of the blood-brain barrier. SP1 was detected at low levels in the CSF from 1 patient out of 5 with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and from a patient with Behcet's disease. Seven patients out of 84 with malignant hemopathies presented cerebral involvement; 3 of them had detectable SP1. However, SP1 was also detected in the CSF of 2 patients in apparently complete remission. The determination of SP1 in CSF appears to be of limited value in the diagnosis of neurological disorders and in the early detection of a cerebral localization of malignant hemopathies. PMID- 3493139 TI - Cerebral and cerebellar uptake of 99mTc-(d,1)-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HM PAO) in patients with brain tumor studied by single photon emission computerized tomography. AB - The cerebral and cerebellar distribution of 99mTc-(d,1)-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) was investigated by means of a rotating gamma camera in 12 patients with cerebral glioma. Using the corresponding contralateral region as control, reduced uptake of HM-PAO in the tumor region was demonstrated in 10 of the 12 patients. Reduced blood flow in a brain area remote from a circumscribed lesion reflects reduced activation following the interruption of afferent nervous pathways. Reduced HM-PAO uptake indicative of such diaschisis was demonstrated in the visual cortex contralateral to homonymous hemianopia in the two patients with this deficit. In the three patients with the most marked hemiparesis, the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the tumor showed significantly reduced HM PAO uptake indicative of crossed cerebellar diaschisis. SPECT using commonly available gamma cameras and 99mTc-HM-PAO seems capable of depicting reduced flow in functionally inactivated brain areas, and may be clinically interesting as an alternative to more specialized techniques for the investigation of local cerebral blood flow. PMID- 3493142 TI - Myocardial revascularization by CO2 laser. AB - An original method of myocardial revascularization using CO2 laser has been studied in a pig model with acute myocardial infarction. Transparietal channels were created by myocardial vaporization, using a CO2 laser beam. A comparative evaluation was made against a control group using as parameters survival rate, ECG changes, anatomopathologic findings, and angiographic studies. With the exception of favorable changes in the ECG there was no other evidence of improved regional perfusion. No evidence of long-term patency of the transmyocardial channels could be demonstrated by angiographic and histologic studies. PMID- 3493143 TI - 7-Hydroxymethotrexate cytotoxicity and selectivity in a human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line versus human granulocytic progenitor cells: rescue by folinic acid and nucleosides. AB - The cytotoxicity of 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX), the primary plasma metabolite of methotrexate (MTX) in humans, was assessed by inhibition of colony formation in agar, using human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage stem cells (CFU) from healthy volunteers and RAJI cells, a human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. After a 2 hr exposure of cells to 7-OH-MTX, the concentrations necessary to produce a 50% inhibition of colony formation were 180 microM and 10 microM for bone marrow cells and for RAJI cells respectively. A continuous incubation with 20 microM folinic acid (CF) protected the RAJI cells from 7-OH-MTX cytotoxicity at concentrations below 5 microM but was not able to completely reverse 7-OH-MTX effects at higher doses. Continuous incubation of 7-OH-MTX-preloaded cells (2 hr, ID90) with the end products of folate-dependent reactions, adenosine (100 microM) and thymidine (10 microM), completely rescued RAJI cells from the 7-OH-MTX cytotoxic effects. Moreover, while thymidine alone had no effect on the 7-OH-MTX response curve, both adenosine alone or CF-adenosine combination produced 75% and 90% protection respectively. CF and adenosine concentrations necessary to achieve 90% protection were 20 and 100 microM respectively. This study demonstrates that 7-OH-MTX can exhibit a cytotoxic selectivity for this human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line as compared to human bone marrow stem cells and the cytotoxicity of 7 OH-MTX cannot be reversed by CF alone. These data suggest that 7-OH-MTX and/or its polyglutamylated derivatives may play an important role on different enzyme(s) involved in the interconversion of tetrahydrofolate cofactors necessary for the de novo purine biosynthesis. PMID- 3493144 TI - Temporal regulation of influenza hemagglutinin expression in vaccinia virus recombinants and effects on the immune response. AB - Regulation of the expression of influenza A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (HA) by the vaccinia virus promoters PF (early), P7.5 (early and late) and PL11 (late) has been demonstrated using HA-vaccinia recombinant viruses VV-PR8-HA3, VV-PR8-HA6 and VV-PR8-HA, respectively. Levels of HA on the surface of VV-PR8-HA3 (PF) infected cells were lower than with either VV-PR8-HA6 (P7.5) or VV-PR8-HA8 (PL11). Expression of HA under the control of the late promoter PL11 was inhibited in the absence of DNA replication. All three recombinant viruses stimulated a specific antibody response in mice which was dependent on the presence of infectious virus. Recognition of HA by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was assessed by the ability of the viruses to stimulate naive precursors in vivo, to restimulate primed CTL in vitro and by target cell recognition. HA expressed under the control of either of the promoters with early function (PF or P7.5) was recognized by CTL when VV-PR8-HA3 or VV-PR8-HA6 were used to prime or restimulate splenocytes or to infect target cells. On the other hand, HA expressed by VV-PR8 HA8 (PL11) failed to prime for a CTL response in naive CBA/H mice, was ineffective at restimulation of primed splenocytes and failed to produce target cells for recognition by specific CTL. However, in BALB/c mice VV-PR8-HA8 did prime for a specific CTL response. These studies show that HA synthesized early in infection was recognized by both B and T cells while HA expressed after DNA replication was not generally recognized by T cells. The implications of the observations with the late promoter with respect to the use of late promoters in potential vaccinia virus-based vaccines are considered. PMID- 3493145 TI - Functional role in self reactivity for Ia antigens on murine synovial cells. AB - Cultures of synovial cells from normal CBA mice were established after collagenase treatment of synovial tissue collected from the knee joint. Morphological studies using light and electron microscopy have shown that confluent monolayers are composed of 90% triangular or stellate dendritic cells with numerous microvilli and 5% secreting cells containing many dense granules. Less than 5% contaminating cells, such as fibroblasts or macrophages, are present. The class I and class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, detected by indirect immunofluorescence or complement-dependent cytotoxicity, are expressed on the cell surface of normal CBA synovial monolayers. Functional Ia antigens borne by synoviocytes are evidenced by the proliferative responses they elicit from syngeneic (or allogeneic) spleen cells after a 3-day co-culture. Similarly, monolayers of Ia+ synovial cells were obtained from both MRL/lpr mice, which spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome, and the control MRL/n mice. Spleen cells from young MRL/lpr exhibited significantly higher levels of blastogenesis in syngeneic co-cultures than those from MRL/n mice. Conversely, with advancing age the syngeneic proliferative responses declined minimally for MRL/lpr mice and were unchanged for MRL/n mice. These findings suggest that Ia+ synovial cells can effectively interact with syngeneic lymphocytes and may initiate autoimmune reactivity. PMID- 3493146 TI - Antigen-specific activation of autoreactive B cells in normal human individuals. AB - The purpose of our study was to determine if normal human B cells can be activated to autoantibody production using an antigen-specific system. For this purpose we investigated the in vitro antibody response to the autoantigen thyroglobulin (Tg) employing soluble or insolubilized Tg (i-Tg) and a B cell growth and differentiation factor (BDGF) to stimulate lymphocytes from healthy individuals. Similar experiments were carried out with the xenoantigen ovalbumin (OVA). The presence of Tg and OVA-reactive B cells was demonstrable by stimulating lymphocytes from tonsil, spleen and blood with a combination of pokeweed mitogen and formalinized Staphylococcus aureus: mitogen stimulation resulted in the generation of IgM anti-Tg and IgM anti-OVA antibody-forming cells (AFC) as detected in a spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Soluble antigen failed to induce autoantibody production. However, i-Tg or i-OVA did activate normal tonsil and spleen B cells. Differentiation of these activated B cells to IgM AFC required the presence of BGDF, derived from a human T hybrid clone. Preincubation experiments with the particulate autoantigen show that a specific activation signal is provided by the antigen which subsequently renders the B cells responsive to BGDF. i-Tg-dependent stimulation of B lymphocytes could be inhibited by adding free Tg to the cultures; the same applied to i-OVA stimulation. We conclude that the normal human B cell repertoire contains B cells that can be activated to autoantibody production by the autoantigen Tg if the necessary T cell signals are provided. Thus, these B cells are not in an inherently anergic state. Similar mechanisms seem to play a role in the activation of B cells responding to i-OVA and i-Tg. PMID- 3493147 TI - Differences in the recruitment of virgin B cells into antibody responses to thymus-dependent and thymus-independent type-2 antigens. AB - The bone marrow of mammals generate large numbers of B cells throughout life. Most of these have a short life span. The subject of this report is to investigate the extent to which newly formed virgin B cells can be activated by thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens carrying the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl. The experimental approach used chimeras made between congenic rats of different kappa immunoglobulin light chain allotype. Host (kappa la) rats were depleted of peripheral B cells by whole body irradiation but had B lymphopoietic capacity conserved by shielding the hind limbs. Their peripheral B cell pool was reconstituted by transfer of kappa lb thoracic duct lymphocytes from donors immunized previously with the TD carrier. This provides test animals where newly produced virgin B cells only express kappa la but where initially most peripheral B cells are kappa lb. The TD antigen tested was able to activated both virgin and memory B cells in the period immediately following immunization. However, long-term antibody production was attributable to repeated activation of memory B cell clones without further virgin B cell recruitment. By contrast, antibody evoked by the TI-2 antigen initially was almost exclusively due to activation of donor peripheral B cells. However, over a period following TI-2 immunization there was a progressive increase in the amount of host antibody produced with corresponding decline of the donor component of the response so that the host response was dominant by six weeks. Control experiments were conducted to show that these effects could not be explained by allotype or isotype-directed suppression. The cellular basis of these differences was investigated further by studying the rate of repopulation of different B cell compartments in these chimeras by newly formed host and mature donor B cells. The results indicate that the onset of host antibody production to the TI-2 antigen closely correlated with the appearance of host B cells in the marginal zones of the spleen, whereas good TD host anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl responses antedated the appearance of host B cells in this compartment. These results are discussed in relation to other data implicating marginal zone B cells in responses to TI-2 antigens. PMID- 3493148 TI - Lymphoma models for B cell activation and tolerance. IV. Growth inhibition by anti-Ig of CH31 and CH33 B lymphoma cells. AB - CH31 and CH33 are B cell lymphomas whose growth in vitro is inhibited by anti-Ig reagents, including both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-mu antibodies, and an anti-idiotype antiserum. Antibodies against class I or class II major histocompatibility complex antigens do not affect the growth of these cells. Inhibition is dependent on surface Ig cross-linking and does not require ligand binding to Fc receptors. Interestingly, the inhibition of growth by anti-mu is reversed in CH31 (but not CH33) by E. coli lipopolysaccharide. These lymphomas should provide excellent models to study the mechanisms of growth inhibition mediated by surface Ig cross-linking and the pathways of its reversal. PMID- 3493150 TI - Use of V beta.8 genes in splenic Lyt-2+ cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors reactive to bm1 or bm14 alloantigen in individual C57BL/6 mice. AB - The cytotoxic response of cell sorter-purified small Lyt-2+ splenic cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors from 10 individual C57BL/6 mice to mutant class I H-2Kbm1 or H-2Dbm14 allodeterminants was analyzed under limiting dilution conditions. The cytotoxic activity of anti-bm1-specific or anti-bm14-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations (selected for a high probability of clonality) was tested against F23 hybridoma cells; F23+ CTL clones lysed F23 hybridoma targets but F23- CTL clones did not. In the C57BL/6 anti-bm1 mixed lymphocyte reaction, 36% (range 29-48%) of the generated CTL clones were F23+; in the B6-anti-bm14 mixed lymphocyte reaction, 45% (range 34-49%) of the generated CTL clones were F23+. Hence, a large fraction of the anti-bm1- or anti-bm14-reactive CTL clones from C57BL/6 mice use V beta.8 genes to construct these allospecific T cell receptor phenotypes, but no extensive variation in the use of V beta.8 genes in the construction of allospecific T cell receptor phenotypes of restricted heterogeneity is found in individual mice of the same strain. PMID- 3493149 TI - Biochemical characterization of a soluble form of the 53-kDa monocyte surface antigen. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies, MEM-15 and MEM-18, were prepared which recognize a monocyte 53-kDa antigen. A soluble form of this antigen was found in most normal sera and in urine of some nephrotic patients. Milligram amounts of this glycoprotein were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from urine and used for quantitative amino acid and carbohydrate analysis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The reactivity of the isolated antigen with several previously described monoclonal antibodies indicates that it is the antigen previously called MY-4 or MY-23. A significant homology exists between the sequenced N terminal portion of the antigen and sequences found in the kinase-related transforming protein src and in the precursor of epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3493151 TI - Cytolytic T cell clones derived from liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis B. AB - To study the role of cell-mediated immunity in chronic hepatitis B (cHB) we have cloned T cells from liver biopsies of 14 patients with cHB. As a first step, T cell lines were established from lymphocytes infiltrating the liver by culturing the biopsied specimens with autologous feeder cells and interleukin 2 (IL2). Fifty-eight clones obtained by limiting dilution showed phenotypic stability over periods of 2-26 weeks. Of the 58 clones 50 were of the "cytotoxic/suppressor" T cell subset (CD8) as defined by the monoclonal antibody T811. Only 8 of 58 clones were of the "helper/inducer" phenotype (CD4) as defined by the monoclonal antibody T151. Functional studies on 9 clones (7 of CD8+ phenotype, 2 of CD4+ phenotype) revealed high cytotoxic activity of all of these clones in a lectin dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay reflecting the killing capacity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. All 9 clones lacked significant natural killer activity, while two additional CD8+ clones that also expressed the VEP13 antigen showed significant natural killer activity. For none of the clones tested could killer cell activity (ADCC) be demonstrated. The studies demonstrate that the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes from liver biopsies of patients with cHB in the absence of detectable antigen is possible. The propagation of in vivo activated cytolytic T lymphocytes points to an active role of these cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3493152 TI - Signal transducing mechanisms involved in human T cell activation via surface T44 molecules. Comparison with signals transduced via the T cell receptor complex. AB - Antibodies against the T44 surface molecule have been shown to activate human T cells to produce interleukin 2. The role of Ca2+ in the triggering of the interleukin 2-producing Jurkat T cell line by anti-T44 monoclonal antibody has been investigated. We show that activation is initiated by an increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium ions [Ca2+]i. Subsequently, we have investigated the mechanism by which perturbation of T44 molecules induces increases of [Ca2+]i in Jurkat cells. We show that the anti-T44-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i can occur only in presence of extracellular Ca2+, since no increment is detectable when extracellular Ca2+ is depleted by EGTA. Thus, it appears that perturbation of T44 molecules, unlike that of T3-Ti antigen receptor complex, fails to mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores. As inositol triphosphate is considered the putative mobilizer of Ca2+ from internal stores, we measured the levels of inositol triphosphate and of the other inositol phosphate compounds in Jurkat cells after stimulation with anti-T44 antibodies. In contrast to the stimulation via the T3-Ti antigen receptor complex, stimulation via T44 molecule does not induce increments of all three inositol phosphates. Taken together, these data indicate that stimulation mediated by the T44 molecule proceeds via a mechanism independent from the typical inositol lipid metabolism which does not involve mobilization of Ca2+ from internal stores. PMID- 3493153 TI - A human T cell-specific cDNA clone (YT16) encodes a protein with extensive homology to a family of protein-tyrosine kinases. AB - We report here the isolation of a human T cell-specific cDNA clone (YT16) that encodes a protein with extensive homology to a family of transformation and proliferation-related protein-tyrosine kinases (PTK). The message size of YT16 is 2.2 kb and it encodes a protein of 507 amino acids with a mol. mass of 57,136 Daltons. The deduced protein sequence has an overall homology of about 50% to the viral oncogene products of src and yes. Around the PTK catalytic domain, the homologies increase to 70-80% between the deduced protein sequence of YT16 and those of the PTK viral oncogenes. Of special interest is the extensive homology between the deduced protein sequence of YT16 and that of a recently reported murine B and T lymphocyte-specific PTK, lskT. It is possible that YT16 either encodes the human homologue of this murine gene, or a protein with similar function(s) in T cells. PMID- 3493154 TI - Supplemental zinc (Zn2+) restores antibody formation in cultures of aged spleen cells. II. Effects on mediator production. AB - In vitro antibody production to T-dependent erythrocyte antigens is depressed as a function of age. Supplementation of antibody-forming cultures with the essential trace element zinc restores the capacity of cells from immunodepressed, aged mice to generate an antibody response. Zn2+ produces maximal enhancement of immune function when it is added to the cultures within the first 24 h. Supernatants obtained from cultures supplemented with zinc from 0-24 h contain soluble, nondialyzable factors which support enhanced antibody production in fresh cultures of cells from aged mice. Interleukin 2 levels in the supernatants from Zn2+-supplemented cultures were not increased. However, the levels of interleukin 1 were increased approximately 300% over nonsupplemented controls and these increases corresponded with the ability of the supernatants to support antibody formation. Further studies showed that, in addition to enhancing the production of interleukin 1, Zn2+ enhanced the ability of concanavalin A activated T cells from aged mice to produce B cell stimulatory factor-1. PMID- 3493156 TI - Interleukin 4 (IgG1 induction factor): a multifunctional lymphokine acting also on T cells. AB - A cDNA encoding the murine interleukin 4 (IL4) (IgG1 induction factor/B cell stimulating factor no. 1) was recently cloned (Noma et al., Nature 1986.319: 640; Lee et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986. 83: 2061). In this report we tested recombinant IL 4 in various T cell assays. It was found that IL 4 activated the murine T cell line CTLL to increased DNA synthesis but not to growth. It also activated normal concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated T cells both to increased DNA synthesis and to growth. These T cell growth factor-like activities were not inhibitable by anti-IL 2 receptor antibodies. Evidence is given that both Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cells responded to IL 4. Finally, IL 4 acted synergistically with phytohemagglutinin or Con A on normal T lymphocytes as well as on thymocytes. These data, as well as those of others, imply that lymphokines have a broader range of activity than previously anticipated. PMID- 3493155 TI - Thymus grafts induce B cell development in nude, X-linked immune deficient mice. AB - Mice simultaneously expressing the mutations nude and X-linked immune deficiency (xid) were previously shown to have pro-B cells and/or early pre-B cells while lacking C mu+ and surface Ig+ cells. We now report that thymus grafts restore both T cells and B cells in nude-xid mice. By the use of Thy-1 and Igh allogeneic donors it was shown that both the T and B cells were host derived. The B cells had a functional phenotype typical of xid mice. It is concluded that the maturation of xid B cells past the pro-B or early pre-B stage is T cell dependent. PMID- 3493157 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+): regional dopamine neuron uptake, toxicity, and novel rotational behavior following dopamine receptor proliferation. AB - The regional uptake and subsequent dopaminergic toxicity, receptor proliferation, and rotational behavior pharmacology following intracerebral 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridine (MPP+) administration was determined in the rat. [3H]MPP+ was transported by the high-affinity dopamine uptake system equally in the caudate putamen (CP), nucleus accumbens (NA) and olfactory tubercle (OT), and to a lesser extent in the substantia nigra. Consistent with the equivalent uptake of [3H]MPP+ by mesostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine neurons, dopamine concentrations of the ipsilateral CP and NA were decreased equally (83-98%) following a 10, 17.5 or 25 microgram injection of MPP+ along the left medial forebrain bundle (MFB). At four weeks after a 25 microgram injection of MPP+ into the MFB, the concentration (Bmax) of D2 receptors in the left CP was increased by 42% compared with the intact hemisphere. D2 receptors did not proliferate in the denervated nucleus accumbens. The affinity (Kd) of D2 receptors was not affected in either the CP or NA. The MPP+ injection, which was restricted to the region of striatonigral efferent fibers, also produced a 60% decrease in the GABA content of the substantia nigra. Ipsiversive rotational behavior was induced in MPP+-treated rats by systemic injections of d-amphetamine. Systemic injections of neither the dopamine agonist apomorphine nor agonist prodrug formulation of 1-DOPA and carbidopa induced contraversive rotation. These behavioral and neurochemical results are identical to those observed following concomitant destruction of striatonigral GABA and mesostriatal dopamine projections, and indicate that MPP+ may be toxic to GABAergic as well as to A10 and A9 dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 3493158 TI - The effects of bepridil compared with calcium antagonists on rat and rabbit aorta. AB - The vasodilator (relaxant) action of the antianginal agent bepridil was compared with that of drugs known to either block membrane calcium channels, to be calmodulin antagonists or to inhibit intracellular calcium flux using rat and rabbit aortic strips. IC50 values were obtained for relaxation of tonic contractions induced by either potassium (K+) or phenylephrine (PE). The order of relaxant specificity against K+ compared with PE in both rabbit and rat tissue preparations was nisoldipine = nifedipine greater than diltiazem greater than verapamil greater than bepridil greater than PrMDI greater than W7 greater than TFP greater than phentolamine. The ratio for flunarizine equalled that of bepridil in rabbit and that of verapamil in rat. The calmodulin antagonist TFP showed additional alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties. Analysis of concentration response curves to the antagonists together with PE/K+ ratios revealed a different profile for each drug tested on rabbit aorta. The range of PE/K+ ratios was much wider in rabbit compared to rat. The results suggest that, with the method used, rabbit aortic strips offer a simple technique for drug profiling and allows a clearer differentiation between membrane active and intracellularly acting drugs than does rat aorta. The profile of bepridil resembled more that of intracellularly acting drugs suggesting that intracellular actions (possibly calmodulin inhibition) may play a substantial role in its dilator actions on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3493159 TI - Uptake inhibition protects nigro-striatal dopamine neurons from the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) in mice. AB - Intracerebroventricular administration of MPP+ to C57 BL/6 mice caused a pronounced depletion of striatal levels of dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid ipsilaterally, and a less marked depletion contralaterally. The MPP+ induced reductions were clearly diminished by pretreatment with the dopamine uptake inhibitors mazindol and nomifensine. Similar results were obtained from determinations using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that MPTP neurotoxicity is related to the formation of MPP+ from MPTP outside the dopamine neurons and that subsequent uptake of MPP+ into these neurons initiates degeneration. PMID- 3493160 TI - Tracheal epithelium releases a vascular smooth muscle relaxant factor: demonstration by bioassay. AB - Acetylcholine caused no relaxation of a rubbed strip from rabbit aorta (RASR) which was precontracted with phenylephrine. When the same strip was taken into epithelium-intact guinea-pig trachea, acetylcholine produced a slow-developing relaxation which was antagonized by atropine but not by propranolol, indomethacin, theophylline or hydroquinone. RASR was not relaxed by acetylcholine when it was taken from epithelium-rubbed trachea. The results indicate that acetylcholine releases vascular smooth muscle relaxant factor from tracheal epithelium. PMID- 3493161 TI - Obligatory D-1/D-2 receptor interaction in the generation of dopamine agonist related behaviors. AB - Administered independently, the selective D-1 and D-2 agonists SKF 38393 and LY 171555 elicited dose dependent increases in complex motor behaviors such as locomotion or grooming. Typical stereotypic behaviors were observed only when these agents were combined and only at the higher doses of the D-1 agonist. AMPT pretreatment blocked the effects of the agonists administered independently, but all classes of behavior could be induced when they were administered in combination. Thus, expression of dopamine agonist induced behaviors requires concurrent activation of D-1 and D-2 receptors; the nature of the behavior appears to depend upon the ratio of D-1 to D-2 receptor activation. PMID- 3493162 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide excites myenteric neurons. AB - Intracellular methods were used to record electrical behavior of myenteric neurons in guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 1 nM to 1 microM) and calcitonin (1-100 microM) were applied by addition to the superfusion solution of longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations. Both peptides were applied also by pressure ejection from fine-tipped micropipettes. CGRP, applied by either method, evoked a long-lasting depolarization of the cell membranes that was dose-dependent (ED50 = 50 nM) and was associated with an increase in the input resistance, suppression of post-spike hyperpolarizing potentials and enhanced excitability in all neurons that were tested. The enhanced excitability was reflected by a significant increase in the number of action potentials evoked by intracellular injection of constant current depolarizing pulses. Enhanced excitability also was apparent as a train of spikes that appeared at the crests of the CGRP-induced depolarization. The excitatory action of CGRP simulated slow synaptic excitation. Application of calcitonin did not evoke any changes in electrical behavior of myenteric neurons. The results are consistent with a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role for CGRP in the enteric nervous system and suggest that it may participate in local neurohumoral regulation of gastrointestinal effector systems. PMID- 3493163 TI - The effects of bepridil, compared with calcium-channel inhibitors and calmodulin antagonists on both spontaneous activity and contractions induced by potassium or phenylephrine in rat portal vein. AB - Bepridil is known to block calcium channels in some vascular tissues. Recent work has shown that bepridil also antagonises calmodulin. The present study attempted to more fully characterize the vasodilator actions of bepridil by comparing it with the known calcium channel blocking drugs, nifedipine, diltiazem, verapamil and flunarizine, the calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and W7 and propylmethylenedioxyindene, which is thought to act intracellularly, on rat portal vein. The relative activities of the test drugs were compared on spontaneous activity and on all components of the contractile responses to potassium and phenylephrine. Bepridil inhibited all components of the potassium and phenylephrine responses equally, actions similar to those of the intracellular acting drugs. The exception to this was trifluoperazine which also exerted alpha-adrenoceptor blocking actions. In contrast the calcium channel blocking drugs, with the exception of verapamil, inhibited the tonic component of both spasmogen responses more than the phasic component. Bepridil like the intracellular acting drugs, but unlike the calcium channel blockers, markedly increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions whilst reducing amplitude. It is concluded that the profile of bepridil on rat portal vein more closely resembles that of intracellularly acting drugs than that of classical calcium channel inhibitors. PMID- 3493164 TI - Unilateral intranigral injection of MPTP in the rat induces contraversive turning. AB - Unilateral injection of MPTP into the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in rats induced contraversive turning immediately after the injection. Contraversive turning decreased, and reversed its direction after about 30 min. Ipsiversive turning was still present 24 h after the injection of MPTP. These results suggest that MPTP has an initial stimulatory effect on dopaminergic neurons followed by a depression of the activity of these cells. PMID- 3493165 TI - Effect of cysteine on the persistent depletion of brain monoamines by amphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine and MPTP. AB - The administration of L-cysteine (500 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min before and 5 h after the administration of (+)-amphetamine sulfate markedly attenuated the persistent decreases in striatal dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in rats one week after the administration of a single dose of amphetamine (9.2 mg/kg i.p.) to iprindole-treated animals and in mice one week after the last of four daily injections of amphetamine (30 mg/kg i.p.). Cysteine prevented the persistent decreases in striatal serotonin (5HT) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) one week after the administration of p chloroamphetamine to rats, but failed to alter the persistent decreases in striatal DA, DOPAC and HVA in mice one week after the last of four daily doses of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 30 mg/kg s.c.). The results suggest that the mechanisms by which amphetamine and p-chloroamphetamine, but not MPTP, produce persistent depletions of striatal monoamines involve the generation of neurotoxic electrophilic intermediates which can be inactivated by the administration of cysteine. PMID- 3493167 TI - Influence of age on cellular differentiation: a T cell model. PMID- 3493166 TI - Reproductive functions in the adult male rats after prolonged intraventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). AB - The effect of intraventricular injection of synthetic oCRF on reproductive functions in the male rats were studied and changes were compared with intact and control rats (daily intraventricular injections of 10 microliter of 0.1% albumin solution in PBS). The long-term administration of oCRF into lateral ventricle of freely moving rats caused a significant increase in relative weights of adrenals, pituitary glands and a decrease in body weight. Plasma LH and testosterone levels were significantly depressed after 8 days of oCRF administration, while there were no alteration in studied parameters in the control rats. Control i.v.c. injections of 0.1% albumin solution in PBS were without effect on levels of any of the hormones or weights of testes, epidydimis, seminal vesicles and prostate. Obtained results indicate a central inhibitory action of oCRF on LH and subsequent testosterone release. PMID- 3493168 TI - Age related changes in visual acuity. AB - Longitudinal visual acuity assessments of men, and cross-sectional assessments of men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging are presented. The longitudinal data relate presenting far, uncorrected far, presenting near and uncorrected near visual acuities to age. The cross-sectional data relate presenting far acuity to age. The prevalence of cataract, glaucoma and retinal pathologies are reported for the longitudinal sample at the time of their last vision test. The effect of visual pathologies in general, and cataract in particular, upon presenting far visual acuity was examined. The longitudinal data are consistent with cross-sectional data from previously published reports. Older persons who were free from specific visual pathologies exhibited an age-related decline in presenting far acuity as did those with documented visual pathologies. Despite the demonstrated loss in acuity with age, the majority of persons maintain at least fair acuity (20/40 or better) into their 80's. PMID- 3493169 TI - A longitudinal study of cognitive performance in noninsulin dependent (type II) diabetic men. AB - Diabetic men (noninsulin dependent, Type II) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were compared with nondiabetics on two cognitive performance tests--the Benton Visual Retention Test, a measure of nonverbal memory, and the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Cross-sectional comparisons of 52 diabetics with matched controls and with 610 controls (covaried for age and education) found no group differences and no support for an accelerated cognitive aging effect of diabetes. In addition, longitudinal comparisons over six years and over twelve years found no effect of diabetes on change in cognitive performance. Possible reasons for disagreements of cross-sectional findings in the literature are discussed. One possibility is that only specific aspects of cognitive performance are adversely affected by diabetes. It is also possible that lower socio-economic status (as indexed by education) may be a risk factor in the effect of diabetes on cognitive performance, perhaps by delaying diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 3493170 TI - Human stem cell colony-stimulating activity (CFU-GEMMCSA) in medium conditioned by leukemic B-lymphocytes. AB - Media conditioned by B-lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) induced the formation of multilineage colonies (CFU-GEMM) in cultures of human target marrow cells. Maximum levels of stem cell colony-stimulating activity (CFU-GEMMCSA) were detected by day 3 of leukemic B-cell cultures, remaining constant thereafter. Stimulation of leukemic B-lymphocytes with B-cell mitogens such as Cowan strain Staphylococcus aureus (SAC) and anti-mu enhanced the production of CFU-GEMMCSA by these cells. 3H-thymidine uptake in response to these mitogens was detected only in SAC-stimulated cultures, thereby demonstrating that mitogen-induced enhancement of CFU-GEMMCSA production by leukemic B-lymphocytes is independent of DNA synthesis. Conditioned media of leukemic B-lymphocytes stimulated the formation of human marrow granulocyte macrophage (GM-CFU) and early erythroid (BFU-E) colonies as well. These observations indicate a role for B-lymphocytes in the regulation of hemopoietic stem cell and progenitor cell growth in vitro. PMID- 3493172 TI - Treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin, high-dose corticosteroids, and androgens. AB - A total of 46 patients with aplastic anemia (34 severe; 12 moderate) were treated with antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG), high-dose methylprednisolone, and oxymetholone. Early symptoms of ATG toxicity included fever, rash, and bronchospasm. Signs of serum sickness also developed in 23 patients. Complications associated with high doses of steroids were hyperglycemia, hypertension, fluid retention, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and aseptic necrosis of the hip. Other morbidity possible associated with steroid administration included seizures, arrhythmias, and headache with papilledema. Studies of elevated liver function necessitated discontinuation of androgen therapy in eight patients. A complete or partial hematological response was noted in 19 patients (41%). Of these, three have had recurrent cytopenias, of whom one has developed a myelodysplastic syndrome. There are currently 34 patients surviving, and 12 who have died. Actuarial survival at three years is 65%. These response and survival data are comparable to those of previous trials using ATG and androgens without high-dose steroids. A prospective, randomized trial is needed to determine whether the addition of high-dose corticosteroids to ATG does significantly increase the rate and frequency of response in order to justify the toxicity of this additional immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of aplastic anemia. PMID- 3493171 TI - Plasma erythropoietin assay by a fetal mouse liver cell culture method with special reference to effective elimination of erythroid colony inhibitor(s) in plasma. AB - Methods for the elimination of an inhibitor(s) of erythroid colony formation from plasma were examined in an attempt to measure genuine plasma erythropoietin (Epo) activities with an erythroid colony-forming assay using fetal mouse liver cells. Acid-boiling-chloroform (ABC) treatment was concluded to be the best method because the plasma thus treated stimulated colony formation most and contained the least protein. The dose-response curve for the plasma was parallel to that for the standard Epo preparation. The "erythroid colony-stimulating activity" in the plasma was completely additive to that in the standard Epo, and appeared to be a relatively heat-stable and acid protein with an isoelectric point lower than 5.0. These results suggest that the activity in the plasma is identical to that in the standard Epo. Stability of the plasma Epo activity was dependent on storage temperature and enhanced by adding 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Average Epo titers for normal adult, full-term cord, and murine plasmas, all ABC-treated and with 1% BSA added, were 192.4, 184.5, and 150.6 mU/ml, respectively. These values were much higher than those measured by the in vivo standard polycythemic mouse assay. PMID- 3493173 TI - Immunologically mediated aplastic anemia in mice: effects of varying the source and composition of donor cells. AB - Experimental aplastic anemia (EAA) can be induced in CBA/J mice when they are sublethally irradiated and injected with lymph node cells (LNC) from C3H/He mice. Mice injected with LNC die of severe pancytopenia and marrow aplasia. In the present study, cells from other anatomical locations and subsets of LNC were examined for their ability to induce and to modulate EAA. Of peritoneal, splenic, and thymic cells, only cells from the thymus had EAA activity. C3H/He bone marrow cells did not induce any adverse effects in sublethally or lethally irradiated CBA/J mice. LNC, when depleted of B or phagocytic cells, retained EAA activity. In contrast, LNC depleted of T cells had significantly less EAA activity. Furthermore, when T cells of LNC were separated into peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor-positive and negative fractions, only the PNA- cells were able to induce EAA. EAA activity was lost when LNC were irradiated (1000 rad). The inability of splenic or bone marrow cells to induce EAA could have been due to the presence of cells that suppressed EAA activity. When splenic or bone marrow cells were coinjected with LNC, EAA was not induced. Coinjected irradiated splenic cells, but not bone marrow cells, were still able to inhibit EAA activity. Bone marrow cells seemed to inhibit EAA by replacing stem cells that were lost during the EAA process. On the other hand, splenic cells appeared to suppress EAA activity of LNC. Thus, radiosensitive PNA- T cells of lymph nodes or thymus were capable of inducing EAA, and their activity could be modulated by radioresistant splenic cells. PMID- 3493174 TI - Quantitative responsiveness of murine hemopoietic populations in vitro and in vivo to recombinant multi-CSF (IL-3). AB - Purified, bacterially synthesized, recombinant Multi-CSF (rMulti-CSF) exhibited in vitro proliferative effects identical to those of native Multi-CSF on a broad range of progenitor cells from normal murine bone marrow and on the continuous cell line FD-CP1. The injection into normal adult mice of 6-200 ng purified rMulti-CSF three times daily for six days induced dose-related rises in peritoneal macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and in the spleen weight and content of megakaryocytes, mast cells, and progenitor cells, some responses being detectable with the lowest dose injected. No Multi-CSF was detected in the serum, organ extracts, or organ-conditioned medium from normal or endotoxin injected mice. While the data indicate that even small doses of injected rMulti CSF can produce detectable hemopoietic changes in normal adult mice, the pattern of these changes and the failure to detect Multi-CSF in vivo raise doubts that Multi-CSF plays a significant role as a regulator of hemopoiesis in normal adult life. PMID- 3493175 TI - A new density gradient for the separation of large quantities of rosette-positive and rosette-negative cells. AB - Allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells will not be feasible until new techniques are developed for large-scale depletion of T-lymphocytes. Small quantities of cells can be depleted of T-lymphocytes by sheep erythrocyte rosetting and Ficoll-diatrizoate discontinuous gradient fractionation. However, when processing 10(9)-10(10) cells, the fractionation step is inefficient because of the limited capacity of Ficoll-diatrizoate. We therefore developed a new discontinuous gradient for the separation of large numbers of sheep red blood cell (RBC) rosette-positive and negative cells. The gradient was designed so that sheep cells and rosettes would not interfere with the banding of rosette-negative cells. In that way, nonspecific entrapment was reduced, and high cell capacity and yield were achieved. The system fractionated rosetted cell suspensions into four populations: free sheep RBC, rosetted T cells, nonrosetted T cells, and low density non-T cells. The 15-ml gradient routinely separated 3-24 X 10(8) cells. Progenitor yield ranged from 83% to 99%, with 95% depletion of T-lymphocytes. The method is rapid, reproducible, and inexpensive. This preparative technique could prove useful clinically when large-scale separation of E-rosette-positive and negative cells is required. PMID- 3493176 TI - Interleukin-1: a possible role in the infertility associated with endometriosis. AB - Increased numbers of activated macrophages are associated with mild endometriosis. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a protein produced by macrophages and is believed to be a primary mediator of host responses. IL-1 induces prostaglandin and fibrinogen synthesis and stimulates fibroblast proliferation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of IL-1 in the infertility associated with mild endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid (PF) was obtained at laparoscopy from 11 patients with minimal or mild endometriosis and from 7 women undergoing tubal ligation. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured for 24 hours. Peritoneal and macrophage culture fluids were studied for IL-1 activity, which was measured with the EL-4 assay. IL-1 activity was present in the PF of 10 of the 11 patients with endometriosis and 11 of the 11 macrophage culture fluids and was absent in the PF and macrophage culture fluid of the tubal ligation patients. The effect of recombinant alpha-IL-1 on the in vitro growth of 2-cell mouse embryos was also studied. IL-1 in concentrations similar to those present in the PF (greater than 1 U/ml) was toxic to mouse embryo development. We conclude that the IL-1 may play a role in the infertility associated with endometriosis. PMID- 3493177 TI - [Use of tonic contracture of strips of frog myocardium to study sodium-calcium exchange in the sarcolemma of myocardiocytes]. AB - The mechanism of tonic component of the frog myocardium potassium contraction was studied. The degree of contraction depended on the potassium, sodium and calcium ions concentrations in extracellular medium. The tonic component of hyperpotassium contraction, as well as the additional contractions due to hyposodium and hypercalcium medium in the tonic component phase seems to stem from activation of sodium--calcium exchange. The latter through the sarcolemma of the heart cells was 3Na: 1Ca. The effect of some mono- and bivalent cations on sodium-calcium exchange in respect ot their inhibiting activity was as follows: Cd+2 greater than Sr+2 greater than Ba+2 greater than Mn+2 much greater than Mg+2 greater than Li+ greater than Cs+. PMID- 3493178 TI - [Effect of stimulation of positive emotionogenic zones on the electric activity of the Gasserian ganglion in the ontogenesis of the dog]. PMID- 3493179 TI - [Ventral approach to acoustic zones of the amphibian medulla oblongata in electrophysiologic studies]. PMID- 3493180 TI - [Effect of emotional stress on the electrical activity of the jejunum in the dog]. PMID- 3493182 TI - Tubal pregnancy--reappraisal of incidence. AB - A longitudinal study of tubal pregnancies diagnosed and treated from 1967 to 1980 revealed a biphasic incidence with a rise after 1975. This rise was in effect due to a 'jump' in the rate of early diagnosed unruptured tubal pregnancies. The study results suggest that with the use of modern diagnostic methods, we are now detecting early cases of tubal pregnancy some of which, had they not been diagnosed, might have self-terminated. PMID- 3493181 TI - Activated T cells in normal pregnant women and neonates. AB - The phenotyping of T-cell subsets and T cells at different stages of activation was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in samples from normal pregnant women at different stages of gestation and in the cord blood of neonates. The data obtained from pregnant women showed a slight decrease in the total number of T cells at the beginning of pregnancy, whereas there was a clear increase in 4F2-positive lymphocytes after a few months of gestation. No significant increase in Class II-positive lymphocytes was observed in normal pregnant women in comparison with adult healthy women. The data from neonates revealed a clear decrease of OKT3- and OKT4-positive cells and an increase of 4F2 positive cells in comparison with control subjects. These data indicate that alerted, but not fully activated, lymphocytes are present in the circulation of both the mother, after the first months of pregnancy, and the neonate. This finding reinforces the concept that during pregnancy there is an activation of certain immune components rather than a general depression of the immune system. PMID- 3493183 TI - Localization and quantitation of 125I-epidermal growth factor binding in mouse embryonic tooth and other embryonic tissues at different developmental stages. AB - We have shown earlier that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits morphogenesis and cell differentiation in mouse embryonic teeth in organ culture. This inhibition depends on the stage of tooth development so that only teeth at early developmental stages respond to EGF (A-M. Partanen, P. Ekblom, and I. Thesleff (1985) Dev. Biol. 111, 84-94). We have now studied the quantity and pattern of EGF binding in teeth at various stages of development by incubating the dissected tooth germs with 125I-labeled EGF. Although the quantity of 125I-EGF binding per microgram DNA stays at the same level, localization of 125I-EGF binding by autoradiography reveals that the distribution of binding sites changes dramatically. In bud stage the epithelial tooth bud that is intruding into the underlying mesenchyme has binding sites for EGF, but the condensation of dental mesenchymal cells around the bud does not bind EGF. At the cap stage of development the dental mesenchyme binds EGF, but the dental epithelium shows no binding. This indicates that the dental mesenchyme is the primary target tissue for the inhibitory effect of EGF on tooth morphogenesis during early cap stage. During advanced morphogenesis the binding sites of EGF disappear also from the dental papilla mesenchyme, but the dental follicle which consists of condensed mesenchymal cells surrounding the tooth germ, binds EGF abundantly. We have also studied EGF binding during the development of other embryonic organs, kidney, salivary gland, lung, and skin, which are all formed by mesenchymal and epithelial components. The patterns of EGF binding in various tissues suggest that EGF may have a role in the organogenesis of epitheliomesenchymal organs as a stimulator of epithelial proliferation during initial epithelial bud formation and branching morphogenesis. The results of this study indicate that EGF stimulates or maintains proliferation of undifferentiated cells during embryonic development and that the expression of EGF receptors in different organs is not related to the age of the embryo, but is specific to the developmental stage of each organ. PMID- 3493184 TI - Mortality of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Denmark: a study of relative mortality in 2930 Danish type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed from 1933 to 1972. AB - This study included 2930 (1642 male, 1288 female) Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients diagnosed before the age of 31 years and between 1933 to 1972. The patients were followed from first admission to Steno Memorial Hospital until death, emigration, or until 1 January 1983. Relative mortality was studied, and the influence of calendar year of diagnosis, diabetes duration, age at diagnosis, current age and sex were studied. Relative mortality decreased continuously during the period, and patients diagnosed after 1956 had a relative mortality 30 40% lower than patients diagnosed from 1933 to 1946. Relative mortality increased with increasing diabetes duration until about 20 years of duration, after which it declined. It also increased with increasing age until 31-40 years. It decreased with increasing age at diabetes onset. Factors like calendar year of diabetes onset, age at diagnosis, current age and sex had no influence on relative mortality within the first 15 years of duration, although the relative mortality increased with diabetes duration. In the interval of 16 to 40 years of diabetes duration, the relative mortality decreased with increasing calendar year of diagnosis and age at diagnosis. In patients with a diabetes duration of more than 40 years, the relative mortality decreased with increasing age and diabetes duration. These results show that the prognosis of Type 1 diabetic patients has improved considerably during the last 40 years. Furthermore, they show that diabetes duration is the most important determinant of relative mortality. PMID- 3493185 TI - Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and the question of heterogeneity. PMID- 3493186 TI - [Coronary endarterectomy: state of the art]. AB - Coronary endarterectomy (EA) allows to recanalize and bypass what appear to be an otherwise inoperable vessel. Although the application of this procedure is still controversial, there is now an increasing tendency to use the EA more frequently and recent studies confirm this trend. A variety of individualized techniques of performing coronary EA (local EA, conventional "blind" EA, open EA with coronary reconstruction, laser EA) are analyzed. Technical aspects, indications and results (operative risk, symptomatic improvement, grafts patency) of each procedure are evaluated on the basis of the current experiences. Although hospital mortality and perioperative infarction rates are moderately higher than in routine grafting, it is stressed that EA is a valuable supplement to coronary artery bypass grafting extending the indications of myocardial revascularization: a) larger number of conventionally inoperable patients can benefit from the surgical treatment; b) more complete revascularizations are possible in patients with diffuse coronary disease. PMID- 3493187 TI - Selective damage of intrinsic calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive enteric nerve fibers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AB - The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptidelike immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) nerve fibers in the myenteric plexus of ileum and proximal colon of rats 8 wk after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. A marked decrease in CGRP-LI nerve fibers mainly around the ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus of both ileum and proximal colon was observed in diabetic rats. The sparsely located immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in the control rats were absent in the diabetic preparations. There were, however, intensely stained CGRP-LI varicose nerve fibers that ran through the internodal strands and over the myenteric ganglia of the diabetic intestines. These findings indicate the presence of CGRP-LI nerve fibers of dual origin in the intestinal wall. The absence of positive cell bodies and diminished CGRP-LI nerve fibers around the ganglion cells in the diabetic tissues suggest that the state of diabetes selectively affects CGRP-LI nerve fibers of intrinsic rather than extrinsic origin. Furthermore, the absence of change in substance P-like immunoreactivity in the enteric system of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes of the same duration suggests that calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P are contained in different populations of intrinsic nerve fibers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. PMID- 3493188 TI - Diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis with technetium 99m-labeled iminodiacetic acid planar and single photon emission computed tomographic scintigraphy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid planar biliary scintigraphy combined with single photon emission computed tomography could detect sclerosing cholangitis and provide additional information regarding the extent and severity of disease. Thirteen patients with sclerosing cholangitis and 13 normal control subjects were studied. Scintigraphic results were also compared with previously reported studies of patients with isolated common bile duct obstruction and with primary biliary cirrhosis. The planar scintigraphy in patients with sclerosing cholangitis showed beading or bandlike constrictions of the biliary tract corresponding to lesions seen on cholangiography, and the image pattern was distinctly different from images obtained from patients with isolated common bile duct obstruction or primary biliary cirrhosis. The single photon emission computed tomography images of the liver in patients with sclerosing cholangitis demonstrated multiple focal areas of 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid retention, representing bile stasis in intrahepatic bile ducts. Compared to controls, the mean hepatic clearance half-time of 99mTc iminodiacetic acid was markedly delayed in patients with sclerosing cholangitis (6-10 times normal). Individual patients with sclerosing cholangitis had wider variation in isotope clearance half-time from three regions of the liver than patients with isolated common bile duct obstruction, consistent with regional difference in disease severity and variable impairment of bile flow. In 4 patients with sclerosing cholangitis with incomplete filling of the right and left hepatic ducts at cholangiography, planar and single photon emission computed tomographic scintigraphy provided evidence of significant intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis. In conclusion, combined 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid planar and single photon emission computed tomographic scintigraphy is a sensitive noninvasive test for the diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis and reliably differentiates sclerosing cholangitis from isolated common bile duct obstruction or primary biliary cirrhosis. Measurement of isotope clearance half-time provides quantitative physiologic data that may be useful in the longitudinal follow-up of patients with sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 3493189 TI - [Controlled regulation and the role of the humoral and cellular systems of immunity in the pathogenesis of silicosis]. PMID- 3493191 TI - [Effect of cysteine ethylester hydrochloride (Cystanin) on host defense mechanisms (II): Restorative effects on the suppression of antibody production]. AB - The production of hemolytic plaque forming cells (HPFC) in the spleen of BALB/c mice immunized with sheep red blood cells was significantly inhibited by carrageenan treatment (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.; on days -3 and -1). Cysteine ethylester hydrochloride (ethylcysteine) restored the inhibition of the HPFC production by carrageenan treatment in a dose-dependent manner (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.). Ia positive cells (antigen-presenting cells) increased in the spleen adherent cells (SAC) obtained from immunized mice, whereas they decreased in the SAC obtained from carrageenan-treated mice. An increase of Ia positive cells occurred in the SAC of carrageenan-treated mice given ethylcysteine. Ethylcysteine (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.; on days -2 and -1) prevented both the suppression of the HPFC production and the decrease of the number of thymus lymphocytes and peripheral leukocytes induced by cyclophosphamide treatment (30 mg/kg, i.p.; on days -1 and 0). Lyt 1.2 positive cells (helper T cells) decreased in the spleen T cells of cyclophosphamide-treated mice, but increased in the spleen T cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice give ethylcysteine. On the other hand, Thy 1.2 negative cells (B cells) did not increase in the spleen cells of cyclophosphamide treated mice with or without ethylcysteine. These results suggest that ethylcysteine restores the immune response in immunosuppressed mice through the functions of macrophages and/or helper T cells. PMID- 3493190 TI - Specialist investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The investigation and treatment of 131 patients with 'obscure' gastrointestinal bleeding has been reviewed. One hundred and six patients were assessed electively for recurrent haemorrhage, 25 presented as emergencies. The major presenting feature was melaena (55 patients), anaemia (35), rectal bleeding (34), haematemesis (six) and ileostomy bleeding (one). The lesions responsible for haemorrhage were colonic angiodysplasia (52 patients), small bowel vascular anomalies (16), Meckel's diverticula (nine), small bowel smooth muscle tumours (seven), gastric vascular anomalies (four), chronic pancreatitis (three), colonic diverticular disease (three) and 16 other miscellaneous lesions. No lesion was found in 21 cases. Lesions were first shown by visceral angiography (69 patients), at laparotomy (23), on endoscopy (11), on gastrointestinal contrast radiological studies (four), and at ERCP (three). Lesions which were undetectable at operation increased markedly with age (p less than 0.0001). Expert visceral angiography is strongly recommended before surgery in patients over 45 years of age and after laparotomy when no cause has been found. Exploratory laparotomy is recommended at an early stage for younger patients, and for older patients after non-diagnostic angiography. PMID- 3493192 TI - [Disorders of glucose metabolism in Pick's disease]. AB - A clinically diagnosed case of advanced Pick's disease served to illustrate that positron emission tomography is a sensitive method for diagnosing complex functional disturbances. Pick's disease can be differentiated against presenile dementia represented by Alzheimer's disease in that the pattern of reduced metabolism characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is different from that of Pick's disease where in accordance with the clinical syndrome the glucose metabolism in the frontal and temporobasal regions in reduced, involving also the structures of the hippocampus and an equally significant reduction of glucose metabolism in the caudate nucleus. Especially during the initial phase of the disease when structural changes are not yet evident or the clinical manifestation of the syndrome does not correlate with the degree of lobar atrophy seen in the computer tomogram or via magnetic resonance tomography, positron emission tomography can make differential diagnosis much easier. PMID- 3493193 TI - [Effects of alcohol consumption on blood pressure levels in Hisayama residents. Part 1: Relation of alcohol levels to blood pressure based on data from a cross sectional survey]. PMID- 3493194 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct in Peking. A clinical analysis from 1972 to 1983]. AB - Within the last 30 years, the number of patients in China with coronary artery disease has increased six fold. To delineate the suspected cause of the increase in myocardial infarction, in 1972 a research group was established for analysis of the compiled data from 26 hospitals in Peking. The following results were obtained: Between 1972 and 1979 the number of patients with myocardial infarction doubled. This number has remained constant since 1979. The mortality of myocardial infarction (in the first eight weeks) was 23.2% in 1972 and decreased significantly to 14.6% in 1976; it currently ranges between 11.1 and 13.7%. In 1972, of all patients with myocardial infarction 24.7% were less than 50 years of age; in 1982 and 1983 this group accounted for 12.1% each (p less than 0.0001). In patients more than 60 years of age, there was a significant increase from 44.6% to 54.8%. Monthly registration of patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction showed an average of 3.6 patients per day. In December and January the highest rate at 4.5 patients per day and in July and August only 2.9 patients per day were admitted. Throughout the years, there was a varying incidence of concomitant disease (hypertension 53.1 to 70.2%, cerebrovascular disease 4.5 to 25.0%, diabetes mellitus 3.9 to 7.5%). There were no significant differences among the various age groups. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was established increasingly earlier with increasing experience of the physicians such that in the last few years more than half of the patients had been correctly diagnosed and admitted for hospitalization within four hours after onset of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493195 TI - [A study on a functional difference in the mouse, rat and human I subregion products involved in the T cell proliferative responses to PPD]. AB - A functional difference in the I subregion products involved in the T cell proliferative responses to PPD was studied using monoclonal antibodies, including HOK7, ISCR3 and 1B7, which detected class II antigens across the species barrier. HOK7 detected a polymorphic determinant on I-Ab molecules, D-2.7 (rat I-E equivalent) molecules and a monomorphic determinant on DR (human I-E equivalent) molecules. ISCR3 detected a monomorphic determinant on I-E molecules, D (rat I-E equivalent) molecules and DR (human I-E equivalent) molecules. 1B7 detected a polymorphic determinant on I-Ak molecules and a monomorphic determinant on B (rat I-A equivalent) molecules. It was demonstrated that the PPD specific proliferative responses of murine T cells were reduced by HOK7 or 1B7, while ISCR3 had no significant effects on these responses. In a rat system, however, the T cell proliferative responses to PPD were inhibited by HOK7 and ISCR3, but not by 1B7. Similarly, in a human system, the T cell proliferative responses to PPD were inhibited by HOK7 and ISCR3. These results indicate the interspecies difference in function of the I subregion products involved in the T cell proliferative responses. That is the restriction molecules in these responses of mice were mainly I-A molecules, whereas those of rats and humans were mainly I-E equivalent (D and DR) molecules. PMID- 3493196 TI - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis--further evidence supporting a lymphoid origin. AB - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis is a rare condition, most commonly presenting with a bizarre neurological illness associated with multifocal cerebral infarction due to the occlusion of small blood vessels by neoplastic cells. The histogenesis of the malignant cells is controversial with previous suggestions of an endothelial, epithelial or lymphoid origin. We have studied a case immunohistologically using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies recognizing a range of lymphoid, endothelial and epithelial antigens. The results indicate that the malignant cells were of B-lymphoid origin. We also report a second case in which a patient with a high grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed multiple painful skin nodules which showed the histological features of neoplastic angioendotheliosis. These findings support the view that neoplastic angioendotheliosis is a lymphoma with a propensity to localize and proliferate in small blood vessels throughout the body. PMID- 3493197 TI - Immunocytology of plasmacytoid T cells: marker analysis indicates a unique phenotype of this enigmatic cell. AB - Clusters of plasmacytoid T cells (PTC) were detected in axillary lymph nodes draining an invasive ductal breast cancer in a 64-year-old woman. Immunocytology of PTC revealed a remarkable antigenic profile. Analysis with a broad spectrum of monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that PTC bear the CD4 surface antigen (Leu-3a+ and OKT4+), the transferrin receptor (OKT9+), and components of the HLA class-II antigens (TU35+, TU39+, Leu-10+). Surprisingly, PTC were stained by two monoclonal antibodies recognizing monocytes and macrophages (Ki-M6 and Ki-M7). Finally, Leu-8, which detects most mature T lymphocytes, also identified the PTC, and all pan T-cell markers (Leu-1, UCHT 1, and Lyt 3) were constantly negative. The cytogenesis and the functional properties of PTC remain a matter of discussion. PMID- 3493198 TI - An acute granular lymphoid leukemia with unusual cytochemistry and immunologic phenotype. AB - A 15-year-old Mexican boy presented with an L2 type acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Occasional granulated and hand mirror cells were observed, and enzyme histochemistry showed the blasts to be positive for acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, and alpha napthyl butyrate esterase. Immunologic studies showed the cells to stain for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and common ALL antigen and to react with B4 (90 per cent), B1 (60 per cent), and B2 (37 per cent) monoclonal antibodies. T-cell-associated antigens (T1, T4, T6, T8, T11) were present in only 10 per cent or less of the cells. Monoclonal antibodies for granulocytes and monocytes were negative. Surface immunoglobulin was absent. Chromosome studies showed a normal phenotype. Clinically, the patient did well, achieving a remission on a high risk ALL protocol. The case shows a marked dichotomy between enzyme histochemistry and immunologic monoclonal antibody markers and is an unusual case of granulated hand mirror lymphoblastic leukemia of pre-B cell origin. PMID- 3493199 TI - Disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Pneumocystis carinii, a frequent cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, rarely disseminates to involve other organs. This report describes a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia in whom extrapulmonary P. carinii infection was diagnosed on duodenal and esophageal endoscopic biopsy specimens. Autopsy revealed dissemination to multiple organs. PMID- 3493200 TI - The usefulness of peanut agglutinin for the detection of histiocytosis-X and interdigitating reticulum cells. PMID- 3493201 TI - Resistance of Gardnerella vaginalis to bactericidal activity of human serum. AB - To assess the sensitivity of Gardnerella vaginalis to the complement mediated bactericidal activity of serum, six laboratory strains were incubated with normal human serum and two strains freshly isolated from women with non-specific vaginitis (NSV) were each incubated with homologous patient serum. There was no significant difference between the number of organisms recovered from unheated or heat inactivated serum after incubation at 37 degrees C for one hour with any of the strains tested. A suspension of G vaginalis incubated at 37 degrees C for one hour in heat inactivated homologous mouse antiserum with unheated normal human serum as a source of complement did not show any less viability than the control mixture using heat inactivated human serum. In contrast, a serum resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae incubated in heat inactivated homologous mouse antiserum with unheated normal human serum showed noticeably less viability than the control. G vaginalis therefore seems to be resistant to the bactericidal activity of both normal and immune serum. PMID- 3493202 TI - In vitro adhesiveness and biotype of Gardnerella vaginalis strains in relation to the occurrence of clue cells in vaginal discharges. AB - Haemagglutination and tissue culture adherence tests using a McCoy cell line were used to examine the adherence characteristics of 105 strains of Gardnerella vaginalis. Each strain represented one isolate per patient. For each patient, a direct smear of vaginal discharge was examined for clue cells. The relation between in vitro adherence and the presence of clue cells was examined. There seemed to be no appreciable relation between the presence of clue cells in smears and the haemagglutinating activity of strains. In contrast, adherence as judged by the McCoy tissue culture system showed a significant relation to the presence of clue cells (p less than 0.001). Though both adhesive characteristics were not inhibited by mannose, the mechanism of haemagglutination of human red cells appeared to differ from that of adherence of tissue culture cells. The findings imply that the clue cell phenomenon is due to attachment of adherent strains of G vaginalis to epithelial cells. Adherent strains of G vaginalis may play a part in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis. PMID- 3493203 TI - In vitro production of IgE-binding factors by human mononuclear cells. AB - This study documents the production of IgE-binding factors (IgE-BFs) by unstimulated and by mitogen-activated human mononuclear cells. IgE-BFs were detected by a sensitive radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte Fc epsilon R (MabER). IgE-BFs were found in the 24-hr CSN of unfractionated tonsillar lymphocytes and of their B-cell but not of their T-cell enriched fractions. When cultured for 1 week, PBMC spontaneously synthesized and released IgE-BFs in the CSN; this was significantly reduced by IgE (10 micrograms/ml). PWM, PHA and Con A significantly increased the production of IgE BFs by PBMC, and this was not influenced by IgE. The production of IgE-BFs in response to mitogens required interactions between T and non-T cells, and IgE-BFs seemed to be derived mainly from non-T cells. However, low levels of IgE-BFs could be detected in the CSN of highly purified T cells cultured for 1 week in the presence of PHA. The production of IgE-BFs by non-T cells was T-cell dependent and it was mediated by soluble factors released from mitogen-activated T cells. T-cell factors increased the secretion of IgE-BFs by: the macrophage cell line U937, adherent cells, and adherent cell-depleted B-cell preparations. It is concluded that the majority of IgE-BFs produced by cultured human mononuclear cells are derived from B cells and monocytes, and that their production is regulated by T lymphocytes. PMID- 3493204 TI - Immunological responses of the BB rat colony in Edinburgh. AB - Several immunological responses of the spontaneously diabetic BB rat colony in Edinburgh designated (BB/E) have been studied. The proliferative responses to Con A and LPS, ability to make IL-2 and to show NK activity have been studied using diabetic and non-diabetic BB/E rats and normal Wistar rats. Our data suggest that the diabetic animals in the BB/E colony do not have marked deficiencies in any of these parameters. Lymphopenia and depressed T-cell responses do not appear to be a prerequisite for the development of diabetes in the BB/E colony. PMID- 3493205 TI - Immunocompetence of normal human appendiceal lymphoid cells: in vitro studies. AB - In order to study the activity of immunocompetent lymphocytes in normal human adult mucosal lymphoid tissues in the gut, viable mononuclear cells (MNC) from surgically removed appendices were isolated with a rapid and improved technique, and their immune reactivity determined in vitro. Nearly two-thirds of the isolated cells were B cells, composed of sIgM (30%), sIgA (19%) and sIgG (12%), less than one-third of cells being T cells, composed of OKT4+ helper/inducer T cells (18%) and OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (9%). Isolated B cells were responsive to SAC (Cowan type I Staphylococcus aureus) with marked augmentation of IgG production, but not to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In the presence or absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and protein A, all isotype-specific Ig production was augmented along with increasing ratios of autologous T cells to B cells, whereas in the presence of anti-HLA-DR antibodies the production of IgA and IgM was reduced to a great extent. Finally, in vitro induction of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor T (Ts) cells was less than that of helper T (Th) cells. Thus, normal adult appendiceal (Ap) lymphocyte reactivity is predominated by helper T (Th) cells; IgA isotype-specific Ig production appears to be largely regulated by the autoreactive Th subset. This responsiveness to exogenous stimuli may play an important role in the gut mucosal immune responsiveness. PMID- 3493207 TI - The contribution of B-cell proliferation to spleen enlargement in Babesia microti infected mice. AB - Flow cytofluorimetric analysis showed that B-cell proliferation makes a major contribution to the enlargement and increased cellularity of the spleen, which are characteristic of Babesia microti infections in mice. Expansion of the B-cell population was accompanied by modulation of the cell surface, which affected most B lymphocytes, and which was detected as a reduction in the density of surface immunoglobulin. This effect was noted as early as Day 7, shortly after the appearance of parasites in the circulation and the onset of gross spleen changes. In contrast to the results for B cells, the frequency of splenic T cells declined, and when the data were transformed into absolute numbers it became clear that only limited T-cell proliferation had occurred. There was no evidence to suggest that the balance of T-cell subsets was shifted in favour of suppressor T cells. The relationships of these results to reports of immunosuppression by this parasite are discussed. PMID- 3493206 TI - Activation of B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells by Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - Cells from the blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were cultured in the presence of two polyclonal activators of human B cells, the bacteria Branhamella catarrhalis (Bc) and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC). Although the magnitude of the responses varied, cells from seven of the eight patients studied were induced to proliferate in response to Bc. In contrast, the response to SAC was low or negligible in seven of the eight patients, and only one patient responded well to this mitogen. Bc was also effective in inducing secretion of IgM in cells from seven of the eight patients, and this was unaffected by removal of T cells. Fractionation of CLL cells on density gradients showed that the highest level of IgM production was induced in cells with a low buoyant density, whilst cells with a high buoyant density secreted little or no immunoglobulin in response to Bc. Together, these results demonstrate that Bc is an effective, T independent activator of both DNA synthesis and immunoglobulin production in CLL cells. PMID- 3493208 TI - Effect on IgE production of transplanted cultured thymic fragments. AB - The effect of cultured thymic fragment (CTF) transplantation on the IgE response of nude mice was studied. Nude mice (BALB/c nu/nu) were immunized with a mixture of tetanus toxoid and aluminium gel intraperitoneally. Non-CTF transplanted nude mice could not regulate IgE production nor synthesize specific IgE antibody, and all died at 16 weeks of age. Nude mice that were transplanted with CTF from allogeneic low responder strains (C57BL/6, SJL), allogeneic high responder strain (ASW) and syngeneic high responder strain (BALB/c) could regulate IgE production, and these lived a normal life span. Additionally, the tetanus toxoid-specific IgE antibody response, which was estimated by PCA, paralleled that seen in the strain of the thymus donor, i.e. BALB/c and ASW thymus reconstitution produced the highest response, whereas SJL and C57BL/6 recipients' levels were significantly less (P less than 0.05). We postulate that the lesser responses were due to the determination of the phenotype response by the thymic microenvironment. The low responses were shown to be due to regulator T-cell imbalance. These data show that BALB/c T-cell precursors developing in non-BALB/c thymuses interact with BALB/c B cells to produce levels of IgE antibody that are more characteristic of the non-BALB/c differentiating microenvironment than of their own genetic background. PMID- 3493209 TI - Suppression of pulmonary tumour metastasis in mice by recombinant human interleukin-2: role of asialo GM1-positive cells. AB - Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) suppressed metastatic tumour colony formation in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). In tumour-bearing mice given rIL-2, non-specific killer cells that were cytotoxic not only against natural killer-sensitive YAC-1 cells but also against 3LL cells in an in vitro 51Cr-release assay were concomitantly induced as tumour metastasis was suppressed. These non-specific killer cells were mostly removed by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-asialo GM1 antibody plus complement (C) in vitro but not with anti-Lyt 1.2 or anti-Lyt 2.2 plus C, indicating that they were positive for Thy 1 and asialo GM1 but not for Lyt 1 and Lyt 2. In order to explore the mechanism by which rIL-2 suppressed tumour metastasis, we examined the clearance of intravenously injected 51Cr-labelled 3LL cells in the lungs of mice given rIL 2. The rate of tumour cell clearance was increased. This enhanced clearance was almost completely removed by injecting anti-asialo GM1 antibody. In addition, the injection of anti-asialo GM1 antibody also depleted most of the non-specific killer cells induced by administering rIL-2. These results indicate that asialo GM1-positive cells are not only cytotoxic in vitro but also play a critical role in the clearance of 3LL cells in the lungs in vivo. Our results indicate that asialo GM1-positive cells play an important role as anti-metastatic effector cells in suppressing the metastasis of 3LL cells in mice given rIL-2. PMID- 3493210 TI - Dual regulation of anti-bacterial resistance and inflammatory neutrophil and macrophage accumulation by L3T4+ and Lyt 2+ Listeria-immune T cells. AB - Adoptive transfer of anti-Listeria resistance by Listeria-immune spleen T cells was markedly reduced by pretreatment of the cells with monoclonal anti-Lyt 2.2 and complement (Lyt 2+C); pretreatment of cells with monoclonal anti-L3T4 and complement (L3T4+C) had a lesser effect on their ability to transfer resistance. Lyt 2+C-treated and L3T4+C-treated Listeria-immune T cells were undiminished in their immediate ability to transfer enhanced accumulation of inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages in response to Listeria antigens. When L3T4+C- and Lyt 2+C-treated Listeria-immune spleen cells were cultured in vitro before transfer, however, it became apparent that the L3T4+ subset was particularly important for mediating in vivo accumulation of inflammatory phagocytes. Listeria-immune spleen T cells produced soluble factors during in vitro culture that, when injected i.p., were able to recruit inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages to the peritoneal cavities of recipient mice. Pretreatment of Listeria -immune spleen cells with L3T4+C before culture markedly diminished their ability to produce soluble factors that were capable of attracting neutrophils and macrophages in vivo. The results of this study indicate substantial roles for both Lyt 2+ and L3T4+ T-cell subsets in the dual regulation of inflammation and anti-bacterial resistance; Lyt 2+ T cells appear to be the principal mediator of anti-bacterial resistance, whereas L3T4+ T cells augment the recruitment of inflammatory phagocytes in vivo. PMID- 3493212 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PMID- 3493211 TI - Accelerated elimination of N. brasiliensis from the small intestine after auto anti-IgE induction. AB - Immunization of rats with a purified IgE myeloma (IR2) induced an auto-anti-IgE response. Such treatment inhibited total IgE levels in the serum of conventional IgE-producing rats (Marshall & Bell, 1985) and increased the number of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the intestine. The present study has investigated the ability of auto-anti-IgE induction to influence the course of a Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, to modify IgE synthesis, or to affect the number of MMC in the intestine following infection. Auto-anti-IgE induction was found to have a surprising effect on worm elimination. IR2-immunized rats were able to rid themselves of this nematode with an accelerated tempo--a small but significant effect after primary infection, but a substantial enhancement of worm loss after reinfection. Auto-anti-IgE induction was not able to prevent the typical increase in IgE that accompanies an N. brasiliensis infection, nor did it alter the helminth-induced intestinal mastocytosis. When MMC degranulation was measured by assaying the serum levels of a specific rat mast protease (RMCP II) following secondary infection, the amount of RMCP II released was less in auto-anti-IgE producing rats. These findings have implications for the importance of IgE, MMC and other cells of inflammation in an anti-parasitic response. PMID- 3493213 TI - Sequence determination of a transcribed rabbit class II gene with homology to HLA DQ alpha. AB - The human HLA-DQ alpha probe was used to screen genomic and cDNA libraries constructed from a rabbit T-cell line. Clones containing highly homologous sequences were obtained from both libraries and their sequences were determined. The organization of the RLA-DQ gene was determined by comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the genomic clone to that of the corresponding cDNA clone. This analysis allowed assignment of the complete structure of the RLA-DQ alpha chain. Comparisons with human and mouse class II products revealed that RLA DQ is more closely related to HLA-DQ/DX than to H-2A. In contrast to the DQ/DX region of man, which contains at least two distinct alpha genes, the rabbit genome contains a single DQ gene which is equally distant from the HLA-DQ or -DX genes. The rabbit DQ alpha gene, like human HLA-DQ, is transcribed in T cells. PMID- 3493214 TI - The incongruous Ly-5 phenotype of lpr/lpr and gld/gld T cells. PMID- 3493217 TI - A clinico-bacteriological study of "chancroidal" ulcers treated at AIIMS Hospital, New Delhi. PMID- 3493215 TI - An antiviral T-cell clone defines a functional supertypic specificity shared by different HLA-DR molecules from DR2-short, DRw11, and DRw13 haplotypes. AB - An influenza virus-specific HLA class II-restricted human T4+ clone (Ij) allows us to define a new functional supertypic HLA class II specificity shared by three different haplotypes. Influenza A virus-infected antigen-presenting cells of these three haplotypes, HLA-DR2 short, DRw11, and DRw13, are able to stimulate Ij cells. The same precise viral specificity is seen in all three cases. Proliferation inhibition experiments using HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrate that HLA-DR products are involved in all cases. However, according to the DR specificity of the antigen-presenting cell, differential blockings by a series of DR-specific monoclonal antibodies suggest that the functional epitope is shared by different HLA-DR molecules. This is confirmed by two-dimensional gel analysis of the HLA-DR beta chains expressed in the three haplotypes. PMID- 3493216 TI - Sharing of MHC haplotypes among apparently unrelated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - From the study of HLA, complement, and glyoxalase I alleles in 82 Venezuelan individuals belonging to 19 families of mixed ethnic origin having 20 affected newborns with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency, a total of 38 disease haplotypes and 53 nondisease haplotypes were found. Of the pathological haplotypes 47% were found to share the HLA-B39 or -Bw62 specificities, 55% of them in combination with the BFS, C2C, C4A4, C4B2 (SC42) complotype. The frequencies of HLA-B39 and -Bw62 among the affected haplotypes were 29 and 18% as compared with 6 and 0% among the nondisease haplotypes of the same families. Statistical associations (P less than 0.01) with salt-wasting adrenal hyperplasia were found with the SC42 complotype and with the combination SC42, HLA-B39. These results are markedly different from those reported in the literature which show an "association" at the population level among many Caucasoid samples of HLA-Bw47 and the extended haplotype (HLA-Bw47, DR7,FC91,0) with the salt-wasting form of the disease. Furthermore, four of the unrelated patients reported here were homozygous for all the major histocompatibility complex loci tested, while three others were homozygous for at least two HLA loci. Analysis of the geographical origin of the grandparents indicated clustering of the deficiency carrier HLA haplotypes. This observation, together with the fact that there is an excess of homozygotes among the patients in Venezuela, strongly suggests that salt-wasting 21-OH deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia is mostly the result of a founder effect of relatively hyperplasia is mostly the result of a founder effect identity by descent of a few abnormal alleles at the 21-OHB locus in most cases. The mutation marked by HLA Bw47 was not observed in this population. PMID- 3493218 TI - Lacrimal canalicular obstruction following herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 3493219 TI - Antipyretic activity of a human immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use in an experimental model of fever in rabbits. AB - In an effort to elucidate the reason that fever in patients with severe bacterial infections subsided in some cases after the administration of human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (IGIVs), we focused our attention on the antipyretic activity of IGIVs by investigating experimentally produced pyrexia in rabbits with Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although little difference in antibody titers against the antigens composing molecules of LPS was found among the IGIVs that were used, IGIVs treated at pH 4 were demonstrated to inhibit a strongly LPS-induced second-phase febrile response, whereas the inhibitory effect of sulfonated and pepsin-treated IGIVs was weak. In vitro experiments on interleukin-1 production by rabbit macrophages stimulated with LPS, silica gel or latex beads and on rosette formation showed that these functions of the cells were also inhibited by IGIVs. The in vivo antipyretic activity and the results of the two in vitro experiments correlated closely. The inhibitory potency decreased in the following order: immunoglobulin G (IgG) treated at pH4, sulfonated IgG, and pepsin-treated IgG. Thus, it is possible that the subsidence of LPS-induced fever by IGIVs was mediated by inhibition of interleukin 1 production by means of binding of IgG to macrophages via an Fc receptor. Results of this study also indicated the importance of the structural integrity of the Fc portion of the IgG contained in the IGIVs to bind with its receptor on the macrophage so as to influence the various functions carried out by the cell. PMID- 3493220 TI - Development of an experimental animal model for reactive arthritis induced by Yersinia enterocolitica infection. AB - We attempted to induce experimental arthritis in rats by systematically testing the effect of Yersinia infections in five strains of rats, using the intragastric, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes of inoculation. We observed that Lewis rats which were given 10(4) to 10(5) Yersinia enterocolitica WA organisms via the intravenous route consistently developed arthritis. The arthritis was most severe at 3 weeks and subsided at 6 weeks. No arthritis was observed when this bacterial strain was administered to Buffalo, Fisher, DA, and LDA rats. No replicable bacteria were detected in the joints. This aseptic characteristic parallels that seen in the human condition and establishes this as an animal model of Yersinia-induced arthritis. The probable reason for arthritis development in only the Lewis rats became apparent when we analyzed the numbers of live bacteria in the spleens and livers of these infected animals. The arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats harbored 10-fold more bacteria than the arthritis-resistant rat strains, and this systemic infection also persisted for a significantly longer period. Speculations as to why human subjects who develop Yersinia-induced arthritis are genetically predisposed have been centered principally around the role of the HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigens. The present study reveals a heretofore unrecognized critical factor: the susceptibility of the hosts to the virulence of the infectious organisms. In addition, the present animal model will provide the necessary tool for the investigation of this and other important host and bacterial factors. PMID- 3493221 TI - Serum antibody and cellular responses in LEW and F344 rats after immunization with Mycoplasma pulmonis antigens. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis causes a chronic respiratory disease in rats which is more severe in LEW than in F344 rats. This study compared the ability of each of these rat strains to produce specific immune responses to M. pulmonis antigens. By an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, LEW rats were found to produce approximately 10 times lower levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) after immunization with M. pulmonis antigens than F344 rats, while no significant difference was found in the levels of IgM. The difference in IgG levels was due to much greater levels of specific IgG2b (about 50 times) in F344 rats; no differences were found in other subclasses. Nonimmune LEW rats were found to have as much total IgG2b in their sera as unimmunized F344 rats by a single radial immunodiffusion test; thus, the difference was not due to the inability of LEW rats to produce IgG2b. In contrast to the antibody response to M. pulmonis antigens, anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin IgG responses in LEW and F344 rats were similar, but F344 rats produced significantly more (about 21 times) IgG2b than was found in M. pulmonis responses. Antisera from F344 rats recognized several additional M. pulmonis antigens than antisera from LEW rats; however, this could not explain the differences in the level of IgG2b in LEW and F344 rats. In vitro stimulation of splenic lymphocytes with M. pulmonis antigens from immunized F344 rats produced much greater proliferative responses than in LEW and nonimmune F344 cells. Thus, the susceptible rat strain LEW produced lower cellular and humoral immune responses to M. pulmonis antigens than the resistant rat strain F344 after immunization. PMID- 3493224 TI - High incidence of EGF receptor hyperproduction in esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas. AB - EGF receptor levels were investigated in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma tissues from 31 patients. Twenty-two (71%) of these cancer tissues exhibited significantly higher 125I-EGF binding activity than normal mucosa in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. These EGF receptor levels were then compared on the basis of pathological findings including lymph-node metastasis, depth of invasion, differentiation type, vascular invasion, infiltration and location of the lesion. Unlike previous reports on breast and bladder cancers, our study showed no obvious correlation between these pathological characteristics and the EGF receptor levels in esophageal carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining with the anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody detected EGF receptors in squamous cells of the cancer tissues as well as in the basal cells of nearby normal epithelium. Since the basal cells have proliferative potential in the esophagus, the increase in EGF receptor levels in these cells may possibly be associated with the development of human esophageal squamous-cell cancer. PMID- 3493223 TI - Growth of mammary epithelial cells in breast-cancer biopsies correlates with EGF binding. AB - In order to understand the role of EGF in the development of human mammary epithelial tissue, we analysed the binding of 125I-EGF to sections of breast cancer biopsies. A mean specific 125I-EGF binding of 8.9 fmol per mg protein was estimated in thin sections of 17 breast cancer biopsies. Microautoradiographic analysis of 125I-EGF binding to the tissue sections was applied to demonstrate that EGF was bound predominantly to mammary epithelial cells. The binding was clearly correlated to the number of mitoses of mammary epithelial cells in the same samples. The highest EGF binding and proliferation rates were found in biopsies from breast cancer with axillary lymph-node metastases. PMID- 3493225 TI - Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell recognition of B-cell transformants expressing different EBNA 2 antigens. AB - Epstein-Barr (EB) virus isolates can be classified as type A or type B depending upon the identity of the virus-encoded nuclear antigen EBNA 2; the EBNA 2A and 2B proteins show limited amino-acid homology and induce largely non-cross-reactive antibody responses in humans. To examine whether EBNA 2 might also be a target for virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses (like "intracellular" antigens in other viral systems), normal B cells from non-immune donors of known HLA type were transformed in vitro with virus isolates either of type A (from the B95-8 and IARC-BL74 cell lines) or of type B (from the AG876 and IARC-BL16 cell lines) to provide a suitable panel of target cells. DNA hybridization with type-specific probes and immunoblotting with type-specific antisera confirmed the EBNA 2 type of the resident virus in the various in vitro transformants. These cells were then tested as targets for virus-specific cytotoxic T cells, the latter being prepared from type-A virus-infected donors by in vitro reactivation of memory cells from peripheral blood using autologous type-A virus-transformed cells as stimulators. Such effector cells lysed type-A virus-transformed and type-B virus transformed target cells equally well, indicating that EBNA 2 (in particular that part of the protein which varies between virus types) seems not to be a dominant antigen for the induction of EB virus-specific cytotoxic responses. PMID- 3493222 TI - Phospholipid profile of Pneumocystis carinii and its interaction with alveolar type II epithelial cells. AB - Pneumocystis carinii is an obligate parasite of mammalian lungs, attaching to but not invading the alveolar epithelium. The alveolar air spaces are rich in phospholipids, which are secreted by steroid-responsive alveolar type II epithelial cells. P. carinii isolated from rat lungs was found to contain the expected structural phospholipids as well as a large amount of firmly attached disaturated phosphatidylcholine, the characteristic phospholipid of alveolar surfactant. In vitro, P. carinii cells synthesized phospholipids from simple radiolabeled precursors; disaturated phosphatidylcholine was not formed. However, washed P. carinii cells avidly adsorbed radiolabeled rat surfactant, a process that appeared to be saturable, not dependent on viability of the organisms, and abolished by incubation at 4 degrees C. The surfactant was neither harmful nor beneficial to in vitro survival of the organisms. With the exception of high concentrations of arachidonic acid, fatty acids found in rat alveolar lining material were also not toxic. In addition, cultures consisting primarily of rat type II alveolar epithelial cells were toxic to P. carinii when the organisms were added to monolayers of type II cells at less than or equal to 10:1 multiplicity. At higher multiplicities, the parasite survived (but did not increase in numbers), and the type II cells deteriorated. The mechanism for this effect has not been determined. PMID- 3493226 TI - Production of stable cytolytic T-cell clones directed against autologous human melanoma. AB - We have attempted to optimize the production of stable human cytolytic T lymphocyte clones directed against autologous melanoma cell lines. MLTC were restimulated every week with irradiated melanoma cells in medium containing human serum and IL-2. After 21 to 35 days, in 5 out of 6 patients, these cultures expressed a preferential cytolytic activity against the autologous melanoma cells, as compared to autologous EBV-B cells or NK target K562. Limiting dilution of MLTC responder cells was performed at times varying from days 7 to 28, in medium containing IL-2 and allogeneic EBV-B cells as feeders. Approximately 1% of these responder cells gave rise to CTL clones that lysed the autologous melanoma cells, but did not lyse K562 or autologous B cells. It was possible to maintain in culture for several months a large number of CTL clones that retained this specificity with high activity, and multiplied more than 5-fold every week. Some of these CTL clones were dependent on the presence of the autologous melanoma cells for their growth. With one melanoma, the use of autologous CTL clones made it possible to identify 3 different antigens on the tumor cells. PMID- 3493228 TI - Organophosphorus pesticide immunotoxicity: effects of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate on cellular and humoral immune response systems. AB - The time course of immunosuppression induced by acute treatment with O,O,S trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), an impurity in technical formulations of malathion, was examined in female C57B1/6 mice. Both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were examined and included allospecific cytotoxic T cells, proliferative response to mitogens, interleukin-2 production and antibody production to sheep red blood cells. OOS-TMP pretreatment led to a reversible suppression of the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibody-secreting cells to sheep erythrocytes. However, the mitogenic response of splenocytes from animals treated with nontoxic doses of OOS-TMP (as measured by body weight loss, serum cholinesterase levels and splenic lymphocyte number) to concanavalin A was not significantly suppressed, but the response to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide was slightly decreased on day 1 following treatment. In contrast, interleukin-2 production was elevated by 24 h following treatment, but had returned to control levels by day 7. These data suggest that OOS-TMP was able to block the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibody responses at doses of OOS-TMP that did not affect body weight or splenic lymphocyte number and this suppression was reversible. PMID- 3493227 TI - Detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding by intra-arterial Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy in a canine model. Preliminary study. AB - The diagnostic sensitivities of arteriography, intravenous (IV) Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy, and intra-arterial (IA) Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy were evaluated in a canine model of gastrointestinal bleeding. Fifteen dogs were studied at bleeding rates ranging from .4 to 1.0 ml/minute. All three studies were obtained in six of the 15 dogs. Intravenous scintigraphy was superior to angiography in two cases, inferior in three, and equal in one. No significant difference could be shown between these two tests at these bleeding rates. Intra arterial scintigraphy was superior to angiography in four cases and equal in two (P = .06). It was superior to IV scintigraphy in five cases and inferior in one (P = .10). In this small preliminary study, IA scintigraphy appears to be superior to the other two modalities and may prove useful in the detection of acute bleeding at the time of negative arteriography, and in serial studies in patients receiving Pitressin. PMID- 3493229 TI - Suppressive effect of thymosin fraction 5 on proliferation of cultured human T lymphocytes. AB - The effects of thymosin fraction 5 (F5), an extract of bovine thymus containing multiple polypeptides, on the proliferation of cultured T cells (CTC), a continuously proliferating subpopulation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, stimulated by either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or delectinated interleukin 2 (IL 2) were studied. Addition of F5 to cultures significantly and consistently inhibited CTC responsiveness to PHA, with the degree of inhibition being greater using a suboptimal concentration of mitogen. F5 did not significantly or consistently inhibit CTC proliferation induced by IL-2. These studies suggest that the suppressive effect of F5 may be primarily mediated by decreased IL-2 production instead of effects on IL-2 activity or efficiency in stimulating CTC proliferation. Since prostaglandins inhibit the proliferation of CTC in response to PHA or IL-2 (R.D. Maca (1983) Immunopharmacology 6:267), studies were undertaken to determine if the observed inhibition was mediated by effects of F5 on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The inhibitory effect of F5 on PHA responsiveness of CTC was not affected by the addition of indomethacin indicating that suppression by F5 is not mediated by stimulating the production or release of cyclooxygenase derived prostaglandins, such as PGE2. Furthermore, PGE2 could not be detected in supernatants of F5-treated CTC stimulated by PHA. When PGE2 was added to F5 treated CTC cultures, the PHA response was inhibited indicating that the suppressive effects of F5 and PGE2 were additive and that F5 did not modulate the sensitivity of CTC to PGE2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493230 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: quality of life during early convalescence. PMID- 3493231 TI - Unstable angina developed in a 63-year-old-man with a history of two myocardial infarctions and a small left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 3493232 TI - Addison's disease in a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Schmidt's syndrome) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of case and review of literature. PMID- 3493233 TI - Delayed inactivation of Citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase by 6 beta-[3-(2 chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone. AB - When Citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase was incubated with 6 beta-[3-(2 chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone (cloxacillin sulfone) in phosphate buffer, the enzyme was suddenly inactivated just after the completion of enzymatic degradation of the cloxacillin sulfone. Such delayed inactivation was due to a secondary inhibitor formed from cloxacillin sulfone during the incubation period. The inactivation was delayed due to the protection of the enzyme by cloxacillin sulfone from the attack of the secondary inhibitor. Phosphate anions were essential for the formation of the secondary inhibitor. However, once the secondary inhibitor was formed, the inactivation occurred in the absence of phosphate anions although the degree of the inactivation depended on the length of the preincubation period with phosphate anions. The main species (more than 80%) of the inactivated enzyme was detected as a single protein band with a slightly lower pI value than that of the native enzyme on isoelectric focusing on a plate. PMID- 3493234 TI - The prevention of wound infection after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3493235 TI - Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni to twenty-five antimicrobial agents. AB - The in-vitro activity of 25 antimicrobial agents against 113 to 161 clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni was tested by an agar dilution method. All strains were susceptible to the four aminoglycosides tested, to imipenem, chloramphenicol and norfloxacin. One strain (0.6%) was resistant to each of the following antibiotics: nalidixic acid, erythromycin and clindamycin. The frequency of tetracycline, metronidazole and cotrimoxazole resistance among our isolates was 14.5%, 56.4% and 96% respectively. In general, the beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins) showed only moderate to poor activity against C. jejuni. Of 159 strains tested, 89.3% produced beta lactamases. PMID- 3493236 TI - Beta-lactamase stability of imipenem. AB - The beta-lactamase stability and interactions of imipenem were analysed in comparison with those of cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, mezlocillin, piperacillin and penicillin G for a set of representative beta-lactamases. These enzymes included penicillinases such as those obtained from Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (TEM-1 and similar enzymes) (group A); cephalosporinases produced by Esch. coli (Amp C type), Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (group B); and beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella spp., Proteus vulgaris and Bacteroides fragilis and with a high hydrolytic activity for the newer cephalosporins (group C). Enzymes of group A were demonstrated to be highly active against penicillins and also against the early cephalosporins; enzymes of group B showed hydrolytic activity for all other tested compounds, including the newer cephalosporins and cephamycins, but not imipenem, whereas enzymes of group C were highly active against the new cephalosporins but not against cephamycins and imipenem. In conclusion, imipenem shows a moderate affinity for all these enzymes but no detectable hydrolysis. PMID- 3493237 TI - Mechanisms by which imipenem may overcome resistance in gram-negative bacilli. AB - Imipenem is one of the carbapenem class of new beta-lactam antibiotics. It is a potent antibacterial with a broad spectrum of activity. Against Gram-negative rods, it appears to be able to circumvent the classical resistance mechanisms by way of its high affinity for PBP 2 and its good penetration of the cell wall. Imipenem is stable to hydrolysis by the common plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and is a potent inducer of, but stable to the action of, chromosomal beta lactamases. PMID- 3493238 TI - A study of in vivo cell mediated immune status in patients of chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 3493240 TI - Pharmacologic properties of serotonergic agents and antidepressant drugs. AB - The ways in which pharmacologic intervention is possible in the synthesis, storage, release, inactivation, and actions of serotonin as a brain neurotransmitter are outlined, and the effects on serotonergic neuron function of the drugs used in the treatment of depression are discussed. Antidepressant drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase increase brain concentrations of serotonin as well as other monoamines. Some tricyclic antidepressant drugs inhibit serotonin uptake along with norepinephrine uptake. There is some evidence that serotonin precursors and serotonin-releasing drugs can have antidepressant efficacy. Recently, selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake have been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. Selective drugs for modulating serotonergic function will facilitate understanding of the role of serotonin and of specific subtypes of serotonin receptors in depression. PMID- 3493241 TI - Partial purification and characterization of membrane-bound and cytosolic phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C from murine thymocytes. AB - Membrane-bound and cytosolic phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipases C in murine thymocytes have been partially purified and characterized. The membrane bound enzyme was extracted from microsomes with sodium cholate and purified by sequential column chromatographies on Sephadex G-100, heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, and Sephadex G-100. The cytosolic enzyme was purified from the cytosol by sequential column chromatographies on Sephadex G-100 and FPLC-Mono S. Specific activities of the membrane-bound enzyme and the cytosolic enzyme increased more than 1,800- and 1,400-fold, respectively, compared with those of microsomes and the cytosol. The molecular weights of the both enzymes were estimated to be about 70,000 by gel filtration. These purified enzymes also hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). At neutral pH and low Ca2+ concentrations, the membrane-bound enzyme hydrolyzed PIP2 in preference to PI and showed higher activity than the cytosolic enzyme. These activities were also affected differently by various lipids. For PIP2 hydrolysis, all lipids investigated except lysophosphatidylcholine enhanced the activity of the membrane bound enzyme, while phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) did not significantly affect the activity of the cytosolic enzyme. PC, PE, and PS inhibited the activities of the membrane-bound and cytosolic enzymes for PI hydrolysis. The physiological implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 3493239 TI - Transient entry of enterotoxin subunits into the periplasm occurs during their secretion from Vibrio cholerae. AB - Cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are structurally similar oligomeric proteins which are capable of being efficiently secreted from Vibrio cholerae. Here we report that these proteins transiently enter the periplasm of V. cholerae as they traverse the cell envelope to reach the extracellular milieu. Pulse-chase experiments on V. cholerae TRH7000 harboring an LT-encoding plasmid revealed that radiolabeled LT A and B subunits entered the periplasm rapidly, followed by their slow efflux (half-time, 13 min) into the medium. LT B-subunit efflux from the periplasm was calculated to be at a rate of ca. 170 monomers per min per cell (which is equivalent to 34 assembled LT holotoxin molecules per min per cell). These values were estimated to be sufficient to account for the increase in extracellular enterotoxin concentration during exponential cell growth. Thus, all enterotoxin subunits which are secreted into the medium can be assumed to be channelled via the periplasm. These findings led to an improved model of the pathway of toxin secretion by V. cholerae. PMID- 3493242 TI - Effect of calmodulin on aldosterone synthesis by a cytochrome P-45011 beta reconstituted system from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. AB - Bovine adrenocortical calmodulin was purified and its general properties were examined. The latter were similar to those of bovine brain calmodulin. When added to a cytochrome P-450(11)beta-reconstituted system in the presence of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine, calmodulin decreased the rate of aldosterone production from corticosterone from 0.8 to 0.1 nmol/(min X nmol P-450), while it increased the rate of 18-hydroxycorticosterone production from 1.8 to 4.6 nmol/(min X nmol P-450). This effect of calmodulin on steroid production was maximum at a concentration of 1 microM, when 1 microM cytochrome P-450(11)beta was used. The effect was dependent on the presence of Ca2+, and maximal response was observed at less than 1 microM Ca2+. There was essentially no difference in the effect when bovine brain calmodulin was used. Calmodulin induced a change in the activity of cytochrome P-450(11)beta in the presence of a wide concentration range of corticosterone as a substrate. As for 18-hydroxycorticosterone production, calmodulin increased both the maximal activity and the apparent Km for corticosterone, but it decreased the apparent Km for adrenodoxin. Adrenodoxin at a concentration of less than 20 microM did not fully abolish the effect of calmodulin. A small type I difference spectrum appeared when calmodulin was added to cytochrome P-450(11)beta. The difference spectrum increased significantly in the presence of both Ca2+ and adrenodoxin. These results suggest that calmodulin interacts with cytochrome P-450(11)beta in the presence of adrenodoxin and then modulates the activity of aldosterone synthesis catalyzed by cytochrome P-450(11) beta. PMID- 3493243 TI - Cooperative interaction between Ca2+ and beta,gamma-methylene adenosine triphosphate in their binding to fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum from bullfrog skeletal muscle. AB - In order to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of the function of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR), we examined the binding of beta,gamma methylene [3H]adenosine triphosphate (AMPOPCP), an unhydrolyzable ATP analogue, and 45Ca to FSR from bullfrog skeletal muscle. In medium containing 100 mM KCl and 20 mM Tris-maleate (pH 6.80) on ice, FSR has a single class of [3H]AMPOPCP binding sites which amount to 4.4-8.6 nmol/mg protein (usually about 7 nmol/mg protein). The affinity was in the range of 6.2-12.3 X 10(3) M-1 in the absence of Ca2+. Ca2+ increased the affinity for AMPOPCP without changing the total number of binding sites, whereas Mg2+ decreased it. The change of the affinity is due to the direct effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on FSR. The possibility that Mg-AMPOPCP, Ca AMPOPCP, and free AMPOPCP might have different affinities to FSR is excluded. The extent of Ca2+-induced enhancement in AMPOPCP binding is dependent not only on Ca2+ concentration but also on the concentration of AMPOPCP. The binding sites for AMPOPCP are likely to be the ATP-binding sites on Ca2+-ATPase protein on the basis of several lines of evidence, including competition between ATP, ADP, or AMP. FSR also binds 7-13 nmol Ca/mg protein (usually about 8 nmol/mg protein) with the affinity of 4-14 X 10(4) M-1 in the absence of the nucleotide in a similar medium containing 4 mM MgCl2. The ratio of Ca-binding sites to AMPOPCP binding sites is mostly 1, but occasionally 2, corresponding to the ratio of Ca accumulated to ATP hydrolyzed by frog FSR. In the presence of a sufficient amount of the nucleotide, the affinity for Ca2+ was also increased. These findings are well explained by the random sequence binding model of Ca2+ and AMPOPCP, which bind to FSR with positive cooperative interaction between them. However, high concentrations of the nucleotide result in a negative cooperative interaction in the nucleotide binding in the presence of Ca2+, whereas no cooperativity is observed in the absence of Ca2+. Stimulation of Ca binding by AMPOPCP is also correspondingly affected. Comparative studies show that rabbit skeletal muscle FSR, in contrast to the frog one, shows negative cooperativity in its interactions with Ca2+ and AMPOPCP under some conditions and that the ratio of Ca binding sites to AMPOPCP-binding sites is 2, corresponding to the well-known stoichiometry with ATP. PMID- 3493244 TI - The effect of transforming growth factor-beta on cell proliferation and collagen formation by lung fibroblasts. AB - We examined the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on the production of collagen by cultures of human embryonic lung fibroblasts. TGF-beta at 0.1 ng/ml appeared to activate selectively extracellular collagen accumulation as compared with total protein production. A maximal effect inducing a 2-3-fold increase in collagen and total protein production occurred at a dose of 1.0 ng/ml in fibroblast cultures. TGF-beta had no effect on fibroblast proliferation after a 24- and 48-h exposure, including cultures that received a second dose after 24 h. Collagenase digestion of radiolabeled collagen derived from TGF-beta-treated and -untreated cultures revealed no differences in the extent of hydroxylation (37.3 versus 33.4%). TGF-beta increased the production of types I and III collagen without affecting the proportion of collagen types. Fibroblast cultures maintained in medium containing TGF-beta sustained an activated rate of collagen production of 5 nmol/ml/24 h over at least 72 h. We found that epidermal growth factor slightly enhanced TGF-beta-induced collagen formation, whereas TGF-beta increased the proliferative effect of epidermal growth factor. Taken together, these data indicate that collagen production and cell proliferation can be independently regulated and that TGF-beta may have a role in the resolution of tissue injury by stimulating fibroblast-derived collagen synthesis. PMID- 3493245 TI - Histological characteristics of acute rejection in vascularized allografts of bone. AB - Using a genetically defined rat model for the heterotopic transplantation of a vascularized knee in the rat, histological and histochemical studies of acute rejection in vascularized allografts of bone were carried out. The graft consisted of the knee joint with the distal end of the femur, the proximal part of the tibia, the cartilaginous growth plates, the articular cartilage, and a minimum cuff of muscle, which was transferred to a location under the abdominal skin. A total of 160 transplants, including vascularized and non-vascularized isografts, vascularized and non-vascularized allografts that were transplanted across a strong histocompatibility barrier, and vascularized allografts of bone that were transplanted across a weak histocompatibility barrier, were studied by light microscopy at intervals for as long as twelve weeks after transplantation. Vascularized allografts of bone that were transplanted across a strong histocompatibility barrier showed evidence of rapid rejection, similar to that after transplantation of allografts of visceral organs. This was manifested at one week by necrosis of osteocytes, cessation of microcirculatory flow, massive extravasation of red cells, and deposition of fibrin in the marrow. The large vessels demonstrated changes that were characteristic of vascular rejection. Allografts that were transplanted across a weak histocompatibility barrier showed a more gradual, less intense process of rejection that allowed observation of the evolution of the process. In these grafts, the osteoblasts and marrow in the primary spongiosa of the metaphysis were early targets of rejection, as indicated by necrosis of osteoblasts, extravasation of red blood cells, and deposition of fibrin in the marrow spaces. Loss of osteoblasts from the surfaces of osteoid as well as from bone on spicules of calcified cartilage resulted in the cessation of new-bone formation. Calcification of the longitudinal septa between the lowermost hypertrophic chondrocytes was decreased. However, the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes in the zone of proliferating chondrocytes and in the upper hypertrophic zone continued and resulted in the formation of a thickened growth plate. The loss of osteocytes in other areas of the graft occurred later and only in the areas where the microcirculation had been lost. These data suggest that ischemic damage, which is probably secondary to an immune-related vascular compromise, is a significant factor in the failure of grafts. In the grafts that were transplanted across a weak histocompatibility barrier, the growth of new bone and revascularization by the host occurred by twelve weeks. PMID- 3493246 TI - Helping the paraplegic to walk. PMID- 3493248 TI - The control of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes from adult and young rats: interactions of extracellular matrix components, epidermal growth factor, and the cell cycle. AB - Hepatocytes from adult and 4-week-old rats cultured on one of several extracellular matrix components were stimulated to replicate by epidermal growth factor (EGF). DNA synthesis was increased at 44-48 hr in adult hepatocytes and at 24, 48, and 72 hr in hepatocytes from young rats when EGF was added 2 hr after explantation. When EGF was added at 24 hr, maximal DNA synthesis of adult hepatocytes was observed at 48 hr, whereas that of 4-week-old hepatocytes was seen at 48 and 72 hr. Ten ng EGF per ml was the optimal concentration for maximal DNA synthesis in both adult and young cells. DNA synthesis decreased with increasing cell density, but this effect was less in hepatocytes from young than in those from adults. When hepatocytes were cultured on substrata consisting of individual extracellular matrix components, neither the time that adult cells needed to respond to EGF nor the time from stimulation by EGF to the peak of maximal DNA synthesis was altered in either adult or young cells. The optimal EGF concentration for maximal DNA synthesis and the cell density control of replication were also not altered by the substrata used. Substrata made from each of the extracellular matrix components studied enhanced DNA synthesis of adult and young hepatocytes stimulated by EGF in the following decreasing order: fibronectin, type IV collagen, type I collagen, and laminin. In both adult and young hepatocytes the enhancement of DNA synthesis was greatest when cultured on fibronectin. Thus the initiation and magnitude of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were altered both by the age of the donor and the substratum on which the cells were explanted. PMID- 3493249 TI - Intracellular signalling of initiation of DNA synthesis: effect of cell-free extracts from anti-receptor-stimulated B lymphocytes on spleen cell nuclei. AB - To study the relatively late intracellular signals involved in the proliferative response of B lymphocytes to antibodies specific for surface membrane immunoglobulins, extracts from antibody activated cells were mixed with Xenopus laevis splenic nuclei, and the incorporation of thymidine 5'-triphosphate into DNA was assessed. The slight incorporation observed with either nuclei or extract alone was markedly enhanced upon mixing the two entities when the extract was derived from cells cultured with but not without anti-receptor antibody. The appearance of active extract correlated well with the culture requirements necessary for the induction of B lymphocyte proliferation and, as revealed by time course studies, the active component arises relatively late in the activation process. Moreover, the appearance of active extracts is independent of DNA synthesis but is dependent on protein synthesis as judged from studies with metabolic inhibitors. Appropriate homogenization of activated cells yielded nuclei and cytoplasm with 85% of the activity confined to nuclei. In addition, purified active extracts exhibited DNA binding although the active component was readily distinguishable from polymerase alpha by chromatographic techniques. It is tentatively concluded that the active component represents either some replication protein other than polymerase or some earlier signal necessary to induce the formation or utilization of replicating proteins. PMID- 3493250 TI - Role of glandular kallikreins as growth factor processing enzymes: structural and evolutionary considerations. AB - Hormones and growth factors are generally released from larger precursors by limited proteolysis. The causative agents remain poorly defined with respect to location and properties. One subset of proteases, the glandular kallikreins, have been implicated in a few cases, in part because of their specific association with mature forms of some hormones. However, limited distribution and low copy number in some species cast doubt on this hypothesis, and they may well play other physiological functions that remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3493247 TI - Embryonic neural retinal cell response to extracellular matrix proteins: developmental changes and effects of the cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT). AB - Cell attachment and neurite outgrowth by embryonic neural retinal cells were measured in separate quantitative assays to define differences in substrate preference and to demonstrate developmentally regulated changes in cellular response to different extracellular matrix glycoproteins. Cells attached to laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV in a concentration-dependent fashion, though fibronectin was less effective for attachment than the other two substrates. Neurite outgrowth was much more extensive on laminin than on fibronectin or collagen IV. These results suggest that different substrates have distinct effects on neuronal differentiation. Neural retinal cell attachment and neurite outgrowth were inhibited on all three substrates by two antibodies, cell substratum attachment antibody (CSAT) and JG22, which recognize a cell surface glycoprotein complex required for cell interactions with several extracellular matrix constituents. In addition, retinal cells grew neurites on substrates coated with the CSAT antibodies. These results suggest that cell surface molecules recognized by this antibody are directly involved in cell attachment and neurite extension. Neural retinal cells from embryos of different ages varied in their capacity to interact with extracellular matrix substrates. Cells of all ages, embryonic day 6 (E6) to E12, attached to collagen IV and CSAT antibody substrates. In contrast, cell attachment to laminin and fibronectin diminished with increasing embryonic age. Age-dependent differences were found in the profile of proteins precipitated by the CSAT antibody, raising the possibility that modifications of these proteins are responsible for the dramatic changes in substrate preference of retinal cells between E6 and E12. PMID- 3493251 TI - Determination of biotinidase activity by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. PMID- 3493252 TI - Blindness in insulin-treated diabetic patients with age at onset less than 30 years. AB - The occurrence of blindness was evaluated in a population-based group of Danish patients with insulin-treated diabetes diagnosed before the age of 30 years (N = 727), identified by means of insulin prescriptions. The study comprised a retrospective cross-sectional investigation, a longitudinal observation during the subsequent approximately 8 years, and a cross-sectional ophthalmological examination of all patients still alive at the end of the 8 year observation period. Prevalence rates of registered blind at base line were 3.4 and 2.6% for men and women, respectively. The overall incidence rate for blindness was found to be approximately 1.0 per 100 person years. At the ophthalmological examination 88% of blind patients were registered by the Danish Society for the Blind. The cause of blindness in the majority of patients was proliferative retinopathy. Blindness was found to be a significant problem in insulin-dependent diabetes, with a 50-80 times higher risk of blindness than the background population. PMID- 3493253 TI - Risk factors for angina pectoris in a population study of Swedish men. AB - The Primary Preventive Trial in Goteborg, Sweden, a study of a random population sample of middle-aged men, made it possible to analyse the risk factor pattern cross-sectionally in 166 men with uncomplicated angina pectoris (AP) and compare with 5735 men without angina pectoris or myocardial infarction (MI). A prospective analysis was also performed concerning the risk factor pattern in 128 cases with uncomplicated AP and 34 cases with complicated AP (following an MI) respectively, appearing during a follow-up time of 4 years. At cross-sectional analysis, uncomplicated AP was related to elevated serum cholesterol, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased relative body weight, smoking, diabetes mellitus, low physical activity during leisure time, dyspnea and mental stress. However at multivariate, prospective analysis only dyspnea, stress, diabetes mellitus and increased relative body weight were predictors for uncomplicated AP. In contrast, elevated serum cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and high physical activity at work were predictors for complicated AP. Possible reasons for the apparent risk factor differences and different mechanisms in AP and MI are discussed. PMID- 3493254 TI - Presence of antideoxyribonucleic acid antibody in patients with hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease. AB - In 16 untreated patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease, serum antidouble stranded DNA antibody, measured by RIA, was positive (greater than 20 U/ml) in 14. In methimazole-treated patients with T3-suppressible thyroid uptake, anti-DNA antibody was found in 9% (3 of 35). The frequency of positive tests in methimazole-treated patients with T3-nonsuppressible thyroid uptake and in surgically treated patients was 24% (5 of 21) and 57% (4 of 7), respectively. Among anti-DNA antibody-negative (less than 9 U/ml) and weakly positive (10-19 U/ml) patients, those with T3-suppressible thyroid uptake had lower anti-DNA antibody titers than those with T3-nonsuppressible thyroid uptake. Among 32 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, anti-DNA antibody was positive in 7. None of the patients with simple goiter had positive or weakly positive anti-DNA antibody results. Although the quantity of antibodies did not correlate well in individual patients, the rates of positive TSH binding-inhibiting immunoglobulin and anti-DNA antibody tests were roughly comparable in these patient groups. None of these patients with thyroid disease associated with anti-DNA antibody had clinical or other serological evidence suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus or related collagen vascular disorders. The finding of anti-DNA antibody provides a new aspect of immunological abnormality associated with hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease. PMID- 3493255 TI - Augmentation of growth hormone secretion during puberty: evidence for a pulse amplitude-modulated phenomenon. AB - The augmentation of GH secretion that occurs during puberty has been attributed to changes in sex steroid levels that enhance the frequency and amplitude of GH pulses. To investigate the specific GH pulse characteristics responsible for such augmentation we analyzed the serum GH concentration profiles of 10 boys in Tanner stages I-II of sexual development (group A; aged 10 5/12-15 1/12 yr) and compared their GH pulse characteristics with those of 5 boys at Tanner stages IV-V of development (group B; aged 14 8/12-15 1/12 yr). We also reanalyzed previously reported data from 5 prepubertal boys (group C; aged 13 6/12-15 5/12 yr) before and after 10 weeks of treatment with testosterone enanthate (100 mg/4 weeks, im). Using a pulse detection algorithm that constrains the false positive pulse detection rate to less than 5% (Cluster), we found that group B boys had a significantly higher mean serum GH pulse amplitude compared to group A boys (17.1 +/- 2.6 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.7 ng/mL; P = 0.012), but both groups had the same mean GH pulse frequency (group B, 5.4 +/- 0.5 pulses/24 h vs. group A, 5.5 +/- 0.4 pulses/24 h; P greater than 0.05). Similar changes were found in group C boys before and after testosterone therapy; there was no significant change in GH pulse frequency (6.6 +/- 0.9 before vs. 7.6 +/- 0.5 pulses/24 h after treatment; P greater than 0.05), but there was a significant increase in the GH pulse amplitude after therapy (6.8 +/- 1.6 before vs. 15.4 +/- 2.4 ng/mL after treatment; P = 0.04). When the 24-h GH concentration profiles were analyzed using a mathematically distinct method for the estimation of pulse amplitudes, namely the Fourier expansion time series, we confirmed a significant increase in GH pulse amplitude with later stages of puberty and androgen treatment. We conclude that the augmentation in GH secretion that occurs during either spontaneous puberty or exogenous testosterone therapy is an amplitude-modulated phenomenon, relatively independent of changes in pulse frequency. Such an effect may be secondary to the action of sex steroid hormones modulating either the responsivity of somatotrophs to endogenous GH-releasing hormone, the amount of GH releasing hormone secreted, or the tonic inhibitory tone of somatostatin. PMID- 3493256 TI - Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a man. AB - Fewer than 20 patients with lymphocytic adenohypophysitis have been reported, all of them women, and it usually occurs during pregnancy or the postpartum period. We report the recognition of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis in a man. The patient presented with anterior hypopituitarism and an intrasellar mass on computed tomography. Antipituitary antibodies, found in only one of the previous patients, were not present in this man, although low titer antinuclear antibodies were found. The implications of this latter finding are unclear. The patient's histocompatibility antigen (HLA) types were A2, B8, Bw58, DR1, and DR5. The degree of pituitary failure seemed out of proportion to the size of the mass seen on computed tomographic scan. PMID- 3493257 TI - Serum osteocalcin and total body calcium in normal pre- and postmenopausal women and postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. AB - Serum osteocalcin was measured in 51 normal pre- and 114 postmenopausal women and in 41 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. Total body calcium (TBCa) was determined in the same individuals by neutron activation analysis. Many of the perimenopausal nonosteoporotic women had increased serum osteocalcin values, but 15 yr or more after the menopause most of the women had serum osteocalcin levels in the normal range. Comparing normal women before and after menopause, the mean serum osteocalcin levels [7.8 +/- 4.7 (+/- SE) and 10.1 +/- 9.4 ng/mL] were not significantly different; however, the TBCa values (898 +/- 99 and 806 +/- 111 g) were significantly different (P less than 0.001). When the normal postmenopausal women were regrouped according to high vs. low osteocalcin values, TBCa and phosphorus content as well as forearm linear bone density were significantly lower in the high osteocalcin group, even though most of the other variables, including urinary hydroxyproline excretion, serum alkaline phosphatase, age, height, and weight, were not different. Osteoporotic women had a mean serum osteocalcin concentration of 17.4 +/- 8.6 ng/ml and a TBCa of 657 +/- 83 g, both significantly different from the respective values in normal and pre- and postmenopausal women (P less than 0.001 for both variables in comparison to each group). These data suggest that high serum osteocalcin levels, at least on a group basis, are an index of low skeletal mass. PMID- 3493258 TI - 21-Deoxyaldosterone excretion in patients with primary aldosteronism and 21 hydroxylase deficiency. AB - 21-Deoxyaldosterone appears in urine in free and conjugated forms. Total excretion is best determined after acid hydrolysis (pH 1) of urine, followed by extraction, repeated chromatographic purification, and quantitation of the steroid by RIA. 21-Deoxyaldosterone excretion was normal in 70% of patients with essential hypertension (n = 18), while 30% (n = 8) had more or less elevated values. In patients with primary aldosteronism (n = 21) elevated as well as normal values of urinary 21-deoxyaldosterone were found, indicating that in some patients aldosterone may be formed not only from corticosterone but also from the 21-deoxy compound. In patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (n = 21) urinary 21 deoxyaldosterone was invariably elevated, whether the patients had the virilizing or salt-losing form of the disease. Although the clinical manifestations of the salt-losing form seem unrelated to the inability to convert 21-deoxyaldosterone to aldosterone, the determination of 21-deoxyaldosterone adds insight into the biosynthesis of aldosterone in primary aldosteronism and 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 3493259 TI - Expression of the second calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide gene in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. AB - The existence of two closely related calcitonin (CT)/CT gene-related peptide (CGRP) genes has been recognized in rat and man. In man, expression of the CALC-I gene produces CT and/or CGRP-I mRNA, whereas CGRP-II mRNA is transcribed from the CALC-II gene. Until recently, expression of the CALC-II gene had been detected only in a metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. In this study, expression of the CALC-II gene was demonstrated by Northern blot hybridization analysis in four of six cell lines established from different Ewing sarcomas, a malignant neoplasm of bone. Expression of the CALC-I gene was not detected in any of the six cell lines. A presumed large mol wt immunoreactive precursor of CGRP-II and small amounts of mature CGRP-II, but no CT, were found in medium from IARC/EW 1 cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned cDNA from this cell line confirmed the production of CGRP-II mRNA. CALC-II gene expression in Ewing sarcoma might be useful for studies concerning regulation of gene expression in the CALC gene family and possibly for tumor classification. PMID- 3493260 TI - Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens in acute nonbacteremic pneumonia. AB - Commercially available latex agglutination and coagglutination reagents were evaluated for their ability to detect bacterial antigens in the sera of 165 patients to determine their suitability for rapid diagnosis of pneumonia. These reagents were used to detect the polysaccharide capsular antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae in nonbacteremic patients known to be respiratory culture positive for these organisms. The reagents were unable to detect the polysaccharide antigens in sera from nonbacteremic patients. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia who had respiratory or extrarespiratory infections with a variety of organisms were also tested. No evidence of cross reactivity or of false-positive reactions was observed with either reagent. Because a negative agglutination test may occur during the course of a nonbacteremic infection, these reagents should not be used alone, and if used, they should be used only in conjunction with standard bacteriological tests. PMID- 3493261 TI - Suppression of anti-DNA antibody synthesis in vitro by a cross-reactive antiidiotypic antibody. AB - An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern the humoral immune response will be facilitated by the availability of techniques for the measurement of specific antibody production in vitro. We have developed an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay system for the measurement of in vitro anti-DNA antibody production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Using this technique, the PBMC from 74% of serologically active SLE patients produced levels of anti-DNA antibodies that were greater than 2 SD above the mean of 18 +/- 9 IU/ml for normal subjects. Furthermore, the addition of 3I, a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody that recognizes a cross-reactive determinant on anti-DNA antibodies, was shown to specifically inhibit anti-DNA production in vitro. PMID- 3493262 TI - Skin test responsiveness to four new tuberculins in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease receiving short term high doses of, or long term maintenance treatment with, prednisolone: clinical appearances and histometric studies. AB - The response to skin testing with tuberculins extracted from various species of mycobacteria was studied in 49 patients from Dundee with chronic obstructive airways disease. Seventeen had never been treated with steroids (group 1), 17 were receiving short term high doses of prednisolone (group 2) and did not have impaired Synacthen tests; 15 were receiving long term maintenance treatment and did have impaired Synacthen tests (group 3). Erythematous and indurated reactions were seen in a few patients, more commonly to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis than to the other species: neither of the latter treatment groups showed appreciable reduction in reactivity compared with that of the group 1 patients. The number and microanatomical distribution of the T4 and T8 lymphocytes and the M3 bearing monocytes and macrophages was studied immunocytochemically in cryostat sections of biopsy specimens from the antigen injection sites. The density of these cells was significantly less in clinically negative reactions than in those with erythema or induration, but was unrelated to the presence or absence of a history of treatment with prednisolone. The T4:T8 ratio in the section as a whole was similar to that of the peripheral blood, but T8 cells were relatively more common in the perivascular and periappendicular foci, and T4 lymphocytes were predominant in the diffuse component of the infiltrate. I12 receptor bearing lymphocytes were uncommon: such cells were least common in the clinically negative reactions, but the number and distribution were apparently unrelated to the presence or absence of prednisolone treatment. It was concluded that currently accepted regimens of treatment with prednisolone did not reduce the effector arm of type IV (delayed type hypersensitivity) responses and so are unlikely to compromise this aspect of protective immunity. PMID- 3493264 TI - Selective medium that distinguishes Haemophilus influenzae from Haemophilus parainfluenzae in clinical specimens: its value in investigating respiratory sepsis. AB - A medium is described, which is selective for the haemophilus genus and also distinguishes between the species Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolated in primary culture from clinical material. PMID- 3493263 TI - Reassessment of faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion for use as screening test for intestinal protein loss. AB - Faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin and 51Cr-albumin losses in 42 patients with either gastrointestinal or hepatic disease were compared. The reference range was derived from measurements in 20 controls without gastrointestinal disease. Alpha 1-antitrypsin excretion was increased in patients with excessive 51Cr-albumin loss, and correlations were found between alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance and 51Cr albumin excretion. Because of the considerable overlap of faecal alpha-1 antitrypsin excretion between controls and patients, sensitivity and specificity of the test were only 58% and 80%, respectively. This poor reliability could not be explained by sampling error or temporal variations in alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion. These results show that although faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion correlates with 51Cr-albumin excretion when whole groups of patients are studied, its poor sensitivity makes it an unreliable measure of enteric protein loss. PMID- 3493266 TI - Prospective comparison of laser nephelometry with standard agglutination techniques for detection of rheumatoid factor. AB - IgM rheumatoid factor was assayed by three routine methods: latex fixation; haemagglutination; and end point laser nephelometry in 69 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis and 58 patients with other non-rheumatoid arthropathies, selected prospectively according to the American Rheumatism Association clinical criteria. The operators of the assays were unaware of the clinical diagnoses. In the group with rheumatoid arthritis 75.4% were positive by latex fixation, 73.9% by haemagglutination, and 55.1% by nephelometry. In the group with non-rheumatoid arthropathies 10.4% were positive by latex fixation, 8.6% by haemagglutination, and 10.4% by nephelometry. Thus the simple and inexpensive latex fixation test was as good as the haemagglutination test, and both were significantly better than nephelometry in the laboratory confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis (chi 2 = 5.40 and 4.56, and p less than 0.025 and less than 0.05, respectively). None of these tests was significantly better or worse than the others in producing positive results in the group with non-rheumatoid arthropathies. PMID- 3493265 TI - Practical value of genotypic analysis for diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - The value of DNA hybridisation (using immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene probes) was assessed during the diagnosis of problematical lymphoid tissue biopsy specimens. In 14 of 18 specimens (78%), which contained a malignant lymphoproliferation of uncertain aetiology, this technique permitted the demonstration of a monoclonal proliferation of B cells (nine cases) or T cells (five cases). In five further lymph node biopsy specimens, in which the differential diagnosis lay between a reactive or malignant process, a clonal proliferation was shown in three cases. DNA analysis is, therefore, of practical value in resolving many of the diagnostic problems that arise in the assessment of lymphoid tissue biopsy specimens. PMID- 3493270 TI - Histiocytosis X mimicking the follicular occlusion syndrome: response to local therapy. PMID- 3493267 TI - Prepubertal periodontitis. A case report with an analysis of lymphocyte populations. AB - An 11-year-old boy with clinical and radiological features of prepubertal periodontitis is presented. He had a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. Neutrophil chemotaxis was significantly reduced compared to normal. Total T- and B-lymphocyte numbers were not altered. T lymphocyte subsets studied with monoclonal antibodies revealed that both T-helper and T-suppressor cell populations were reduced with a normal TH/TS ratio of 1.8. No significant changes were observed in the serum IgG, IgA and IgM values. Serum C3c and C4 levels were found to be elevated. These findings may contribute to the pathogenesis of prepubertal periodontitis. PMID- 3493269 TI - Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with the arotinoid Ro 13-6298. AB - Mycosis fungoides is a neoplasia immunologically defined as a cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It is an uncommon, chronic, and usually fatal disease that runs a progressive multistaged course. The present study describes a case of mycosis fungoides, limited to the skin, which was successfully controlled with the arotinoid Ro 13-6298. Review of the role of retinoids in dermatology and oncology is presented with a special emphasis on the arotinoid. PMID- 3493271 TI - Death in pemphigus vulgaris caused by lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3493268 TI - Pre- and postsynaptic correlates of interocular competition and segregation in the frog. AB - Segregated zones of termination between converging inputs that arise from different presynaptic populations are a common property of topographically organized zones within the vertebrate central nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that such segregation is at least in part established on the basis of competitive interactions that depend upon the activity patterns within each afferent population. However, the cellular mechanisms of these interactions are poorly understood. We have used a preparation in which a stereotyped interdigitating pattern of retina-specific termination stripes are produced in frog tecta innervated by two retinas as a result of embryonic implantation of a third eye primordia. In these animals it has been possible to examine the relationship between the number of retinal ganglion cells in each of the retinas innervating a striped tectum, the volumetric changes in the tectum as a result of this double innervation, and the pattern of eye-specific segregation that is produced. Counts of retinal ganglion cells in the retinas of the three-eyed frogs with one completely striped tectal lobe revealed no significant differences between cell numbers in the doubly innervating retinas and the normal retinas of the same animals. The average increase in retinal ganglion cell innervation to the striped tecta of these animals was 100%. However the tecta only increased in total volume by 26%. This later increase consisted of a 25% increase in the volume of the deep lying and predominantly cellular tectal laminae and a 37% increase in the superficial retinotectal synaptic zone. In many of these same animals HRP and 3H-proline were used to differentially label the set of stripes from each retina and measurements of the extent of each projection were performed. We found that the volume of tectal neuropil occupied by a striped projection is relatively unrelated to the number of ganglion cells making up that projection. Observations of the striping pattern after HRP processing to visualize stripes in whole unsectioned tecta indicate that the periodicities and rostrocaudal orientation of stripes are robust over a wide range of relative innervation densities. When one projection is much smaller than the other, stripes appear to break down into a series of "puffs" or islands of retina specific termination zones. Nevertheless, these puffs still have a rostrocaudal alignment and the spacing of fully formed stripes. These observations suggest that the formation of exclusive termination zones may be a threshold phenomenon: so after a certain innervation density is reached one input can take over a unit of target neuropil in an all-or-none manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3493272 TI - Antinuclear antibodies during psoralens plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy--are they worthwhile? AB - From 1979 to 1985, 497 patients with psoriasis were started on psoralens plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy at Northwestern University. Two hundred sixty-nine of these received therapy for greater than 3 months and had at least two antinuclear antibody (ANA) determinations. We have found that the difference between the number of significantly positive ANAs pre-PUVA therapy (4 of 269) compared to post-PUVA therapy (16 of 269) was not statistically significant. Furthermore, of the patients who did develop a significantly positive ANA, not one was found to have any symptoms, signs, or laboratory evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. We therefore suggest obtaining ANAs prior to initiating PUVA therapy and obtaining follow-up ANAs only if the initial ANA is significantly positive. Patients with pre-PUVA--positive ANAs can be started on PUVA therapy if there is no evidence of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3493273 TI - Antinuclear antibodies and photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus--relevant in PUVA therapy? PMID- 3493275 TI - MR diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. AB - Two hundred forty-three patients with clinically suspected acoustic neuroma were evaluated radiologically by CT, and in selected cases CT cisternography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty-one acoustic neuromas were diagnosed and surgically removed; 36 were large tumors with extracanalicular extension and 15 were strictly intracanalicular small tumors. With routine CT (without and with contrast medium) large and enhancing lesions (36 of 51) were visualized, but small intracanalicular tumors (15 lesions) were missed. The latter were visualized by CT cisternography (seven cases) or MR (eight cases). Magnetic resonance, when used with spin-echo technique using both short as well as long sequences for axial and coronal thin slices (5 mm or smaller), demonstrated all the surgically verified lesions. PMID- 3493274 TI - PET study of methionine accumulation in glioma and normal brain tissue: competition with branched chain amino acids. AB - Five patients with glioma were examined with positron emission tomography using ([11C]methyl)-L-methionine. The study was repeated while the patient was being infused with branched chain amino acids (BCAA), 250 mumol/min. The accumulation rates of methionine in tumor tissue and in normal brain tissue were compared without and with the infusion of amino acids. Both tumor tissue and normal brain tissue showed a reduction in the methionine accumulation by 35% while the patient received the infusion. In one patient with a severe blood-tissue barrier disruption the tumor accumulation rate was unaffected. It is concluded that in gliomas without severe blood-tissue barrier disruption, the accumulation of methionine is governed by processes exhibiting similar properties regarding competition with BCAA as in normal brain tissue. PMID- 3493277 TI - Electrostimulation in the treatment of pain in the mandibular dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 3493276 TI - Quantitation in positron emission tomography: 8. Effects of nonlinear parameter estimation on functional images. AB - Functional images used in positron emission tomography (PET) have the advantage of presenting simultaneously the anatomical and functional information in cross sectional body slices. However, the nonlinearity in parameter estimation, when combined with the finite image resolution, can cause systematic errors or biases in the estimated functional parameters. The effect of this error on blood flow images, which are commonly used in PET, is investigated in this study. Computer simulated brain and heart phantoms of realistic configurations are used to examine the effect of various factors, such as imaging resolution, estimation nonlinearity, and structure configuration. The nonlinearity characteristics of six commonly used blood flow estimation techniques are simulated. Results show that structure boundaries on parametric images between tissues of different blood flows do not usually coincide with the true anatomical boundaries and would thus cause an apparent change in the cross-sectional size of the structures. The regional blood flow values as obtained from the blood flow images are usually lower than the true values. The severity of these effects is dependent on the characteristics of the flow estimation technique, the image resolution, and the size and shape of the structure. Although image resolution is a major factor in causing errors in the parametric images, its improvement, within the range examined in the present study [from 1.5 to 0.5 cm full width at half maximum (FWHM)], is not found to reduce drastically the underestimation of blood flow in brain phantom. The effect on boundary shift, however, is found to be in proportion to the FWHM of image resolution. Implications of these effects on generation, interpretation, and comparison of parametric/functional images are discussed. PMID- 3493278 TI - [Serotonin content and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity in the tissues of rats with trophic impairment of the nervous system]. PMID- 3493279 TI - Allergenic cross-reactions among legume foods--an in vitro study. AB - The specific IgE binding by protein extracts of 11 food legumes, including soybean, was examined by RAST and RAST inhibition. Sera from 15 peanut-sensitive patients were, with very few exceptions, positive in the RAST to all the legumes. RAST-inhibition testing of each extract against RAST discs of the other legumes indicated considerable cross-reactivity of IgE binding between the legumes. Cross allergenicity was demonstrated to be most marked between the extracts of peanut, garden pea, chick pea, and soybean. The results have important implications for selection of effective hypoallergenic diets and for the diagnosis of patients hypersensitive to foods. PMID- 3493280 TI - Sympathetic preganglionic neurons in frog spinal cord. AB - Sympathetic preganglionic neurons innervating the first sympathetic ganglion were identified in a frog (Rana pipiens). After wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase was implanted into this ganglion a homogeneous population of labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurones were identified ipsilaterally within the lateral field of the spinal gray at the level of the third spinal nerve. The total population of labeled cells (n = 324 +/- 62) extended in a rostrocaudal field for about 1800 micron as two distinct columns consisting of about equal numbers of cells. One group, at the lateral border of the intermediate zone, corresponds to the intermediolateral column, as also found in mammals, while the second group extends within the intercalated region, as the intercalated nucleus, lateral and slightly dorsal to the central canal. Transection of spinal nerves reveals that 65% of preganglionic axons leave the cord from the third spinal nerve with the remainder coursing through the first and second spinal nerves. PMID- 3493281 TI - [Corneal dysplasia]. AB - Corneal dysplasia has been recently reported. Clinically, it is characterized by a progressive epithelial corneal opacity with pearly or greyish white coloration. Its topography may be either next to either far from the limbus. The recurrences are frequent after surgical treatment. Histologically, many aspects are described. Morphological changes affecting the cells and/or the architecture of the modified epithelium, may vary from light dysplasia to true carcinoma in situ. Some peculiar clinical conditions may coexist with corneal dysplasia, which may also be isolated. Three clinical cases are reported, with detailed pathological data. The signification of the use of the term "dysplasia" and the histogenesis are discussed, and the conclusions for treatment are drawn. PMID- 3493282 TI - [Endophthalmitis: a curable infection]. PMID- 3493283 TI - Survival after left heart assist. PMID- 3493284 TI - Antigen-induced changes in phospholipid metabolism in antigen-binding B lymphocytes. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated a marked change in the metabolism of phospholipids (PL) after activation of resting B lymphocytes with anti immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). In this study we examined PL metabolism in highly purified trinitrophenyl (TNP)-binding B cells after their activation with various forms of TNP-carrier protein. Such cells show similar changes in PL metabolism when stimulated with either antigen or anti-Ig, i.e., increased incorporation of 32PO4 into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) but not phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, or phosphatidyl serine. We have demonstrated that these responses to antigen are TNP-specific and dose-related between 1 and 50 micrograms/ml, producing up to a 2.5-fold stimulation of 32PO4 incorporation into PI. The PL response is also directly related to the density of TNP on the carrier and can be augmented by additional cross-linking of the carrier protein. These data suggest that cross-linking of surface Ig by antigen induces a change in PL metabolism as an early event in B cell activation. PMID- 3493285 TI - Amplification of HTLV-III/LAV infection by antigen-induced activation of T cells and direct suppression by virus of lymphocyte blastogenic responses. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from healthy donors immune to the soluble antigens tetanus toxoid (TT) and/or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were exposed to infectious human T lymphotropic virus, type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) with and without prior activation by TT or KLH. After exposure to the virus, PBMNC that had been activated by antigen were 10 to 100 times more susceptible to viral replication, as estimated by measurement of production of reverse transcriptase and viral antigens, than PBMNC that had been preincubated without antigen. In addition, exposure of PBMNC to HTLV-III/LAV led to a loss of lymphocyte blastogenic responses after 2 to 3 wk in culture. HTLV III/LAV-induced inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenic responses occurred in the absence of detectable production of RT but required the use of live rather than heat-inactivated virus. These results demonstrate that HTLV-III/LAV infection is amplified by antigen-induced activation of PBMNC, and that low levels of HTLV III/LAV infection in vitro can suppress lymphocyte blastogenic responses. This study provides an in vitro model for the analysis of HTLV-III/LAV-induced immune defects. PMID- 3493287 TI - Interleukin 2-activated human lymphocytes exhibit enhanced adhesion to normal vascular endothelial cells and cause their lysis. AB - When cultured with native or recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2), human lymphoid cells proliferate and acquire the ability to lyse both NK-sensitive and NK resistant tumor targets. Such IL 2-activated killer (IAK) cells generally do not destroy nonmalignant nontransformed cells. Due to their apparent specificity for tumor cells, adoptive immunotherapeutic trials of IAK cells and IL 2 have been initiated, with promising results. However, infusion of high doses of IL 2 causes systemic toxicity in patients and experimental animals resulting in the development of a vascular leakage syndrome. Certain aspects of such toxicity suggest IL 2-induced, cell-mediated destruction of normal tissue. This study examines the interaction between IL 2-induced human lymphoid cells and endothelial cells (EC). IL 2, in a dose-dependent manner, causes lymphocytes to strongly adhere to EC, but not to tumor cells, fibroblasts, or epithelial cells. In addition, these IL 2-activated lymphocytes were highly cytotoxic not only to NK-resistant Daudi cells but also to vascular and corneal EC. The IAK cells caused lysis of not only human EC but also bovine EC. Although IAK cells did not display significant adherence to normal human fibroblasts or epithelial cells, when brought together by 50 X G centrifugation, these targets were lysed by IAK cells. The ability to lyse EC was not confined to any single subpopulation of IL 2-activated lymphocytes. The lysis of EC was mediated by both IL 2-activated large granular lymphocytes and small agranular lymphocytes. Furthermore, cells within both CD4+ and CD8+ sublineages of T cells, and also non-T subpopulations, mediated IL 2-induced cytolysis of EC. The destruction of EC by IAK cells may contribute in part to the systemic toxicity associated with infusions of high doses of IL 2. PMID- 3493286 TI - Interleukin 1 stimulates endothelial cells to release multilineage human colony stimulating activity. AB - Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, when exposed to soluble products of peripheral blood monocytes, elaborate granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) and erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA). We have performed studies to determine if the monokine IL 1 can stimulate endothelial cells to release hematopoietic growth factors and whether such factors can also support human megakaryocyte (Meg) and mixed-cell colony growth. Various concentrations of recombinant human IL 1 beta (rIL 1) and media conditioned by monocytes (MCM), endothelial cells (ECM), and endothelial cells cultured for 3 days in 50% MCM (ECMM) or rIL 1 (ECMrIL 1) were added to marrow mononuclear cells cultured in methylcellulose. ECMM and ECMrIL 1 stimulated, in a dose-dependent fashion, the growth of Meg, mixed-cell, and GM colonies and erythroid bursts. In contrast, ECM, MCM, and rIL 1 displayed little or no activity in the colony-forming assays. Preincubation with specific antisera to native human IL 1 or rIL 1 reduced by 75 to 100% the activity of MCM in stimulating endothelial cell release of BPA, GM-CSA, Meg-CSA, and mixed-cell CSA. Meg-CSA, although readily detectable at ECMM and ECMrIL 1 concentrations in culture of 1 to 5%, was partially masked by lineage-specific inhibitors of Meg colony growth. When ECMM was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography, the megakaryocytopoietic inhibitory activity eluted in the high Mr fractions (greater than 75 kD). Meg-CSA co-eluted with GM-CSA and BPA in a single peak of 30 kD. We conclude that endothelial cells, in response to IL 1, produce one or more growth factors that probably act on multiple classes of progenitor cells. PMID- 3493288 TI - Studies on the mechanism of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. VII. functional comparison of human natural killer cytotoxic factors with recombinant lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible contribution of other cytokines to the lytic activity of NKCF-containing supernatants. We compared some of the functional properties of human NKCF and purified recombinant human rLT and rTNF. It was found that the target cell specificity of rLT was quite different from NKCF in that rLT was neither species specific nor NK specific. Furthermore, antibodies against rLT did not affect the lytic activity of NKCF. These results demonstrate that LT does not significantly contribute to the lytic activity mediated by NKCF. The target specificity of rTNF was found to be related to that of NKCF with the exception of one NK-resistant cell line that was lysed by rTNF in a 20-hr 51Cr-release assay. However, rTNF was not toxic to any of the target cells tested as assessed by trypan blue exclusion in a 20-hr assay unless the targets were labeled with 51Cr. In contrast, NKCF did kill target cells as detected by trypan blue exclusion that were not labeled with 51Cr. Further analysis of this mechanistic difference in the lytic activity of rTNF and NKCF revealed that rTNF in combination with either cycloheximide or mitomycin C but not IFN-gamma could lyse unlabeled U937 target cells. In addition, pretreatment of U937 target cells with nonradioactive Na2CrO4 at concentrations equivalent to that used to 51Cr-labeled cells resulted in their susceptibility to lysis by rTNF as assessed by trypan blue exclusion. These findings suggest that lysis of several susceptible target cells in 20 hr by rTNF requires the presence of additional agents that may be sublethally toxic and/or inhibitory to macromolecular synthesis. Antibody inhibition studies revealed that anti-TNF mediated from partial to complete inhibition of lysis of U937 by unfractionated supernatants containing NKCF. However, fractionation of such supernatants on chromatofocusing columns yielded two distinct peaks of activity eluting in the pH range of 5 to 6 and 7 to 8. Anti-TNF could inhibit the acidic form of NKCF but not the neutral form. It is concluded that NKCF activity is mediated in part by TNF or an antigenically related molecule as well as some other distinct factor(s). The lack of consistent inhibition of NK CMC by anti-TNF suggests that TNF alone is not sufficient to mediate NK activity, or else it is inaccessible to the added antibody. PMID- 3493289 TI - Species-specificity of T cell stimulating activities of IL 2 and BSF-1 (IL 4): comparison of normal and recombinant, mouse and human IL 2 and BSF-1 (IL 4). AB - Mouse and human interleukin 2 (IL 2) both cause proliferation of T cells of the homologous species at high efficiency. Human IL 2 also stimulates proliferation of mouse T cells at similar concentrations, whereas mouse IL 2 stimulates human T cells at a lower (sixfold to 170-fold) efficiency. In contrast, the T cell stimulating activities of mouse and human B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4; IL 4) appear to be species specific over the range of concentrations tested; we detected no activity of mouse IL 4 on human T cells, or human IL 4 on mouse T cells. PMID- 3493291 TI - Parasite accessory cell interactions in murine leishmaniasis. I. Evasion and stimulus-dependent suppression of the macrophage interleukin 1 response by Leishmania donovani. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a principal mediator of the host immune response to microbial challenge. Accessory cells of the monocyte-macrophage series are a major source of this cytokine and are also chronically parasitized by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. This suggests that characterization of the macrophage IL 1 response to Leishmania would increase our understanding of the regulation of host immunity to these organisms. In the present study, the macrophage IL 1 response to Leishmania donovani was examined because infections with this organism have findings consistent with parasite-specific T cell unresponsiveness. Cytokine activity was measured either by direct stimulation or by co-stimulation of thymocytes. Conditioned media from BALB/c resident peritoneal macrophages infected with amastigotes of L. donovani contained no more IL 1 than did supernatant fluids of control cells. In contrast, supernatants from cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes had significantly increased cytokine content. Resident cells infected with L. donovani for 4 hr before being stimulated with Listeria demonstrated a suppressed IL 1 response (approximately 40% of Listeria alone) to this secondary particulate stimulus. In contrast, the secondary response of leishmania-preinfected cells to lipopolysaccharide was not affected. To examine whether accessory cell nonresponsiveness to L. donovani (with respect to IL 1) was related to the state of macrophage activation, elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained by injection of proteose peptone were also studied. These cells responded to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and fixed Staphylococcus aureus with increases in intracellular, membrane, and secreted cytokine activities. In contrast, L. donovani failed to induce any of these activities. This was found to be the case irrespective of whether amastigotes were alive or killed or opsonized with specific antibodies. Elicited cells preinfected with Leishmania responded normally to secondary stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, but not S. aureus (64% of Staphylococcus alone). In addition, attachment and penetration of L. donovani promastigotes and their subsequent conversion to amastigotes within macrophages failed to induce IL 1 synthesis. The findings of this study indicate that L. donovani has the ability to both evade and suppress the macrophage IL 1 response. Because this monokine provides an obligatory signal during macrophage-dependent T cell activation, evasion of signal transduction for IL 1 synthesis may be related to defects in cell-mediated immunity which occur during infections with this organism. PMID- 3493290 TI - Molecular localization to a unique DR beta-chain of the restriction element of an anti-influenza T cell clone. AB - The DR beta-chains of a panel of DRw13 cells were characterized by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in order to identify the molecule bearing the restriction element of a DR-restricted proliferative and cytotoxic T cell clone COT C2 specific for DRw13 and the influenza A virus. Because in different DRw13 haplotypes one DRw13 beta-chain can be associated with other distinct DRw13 beta-chains, such complex associations allowed us to determine the ability of a given DR beta-chain to present the antigen or COT C2. The presence of the DR beta-chain 6B5, and only this chain, is associated with the ability to induce the proliferation of clone COT C2 whatever the second DR beta-chain associated with 6B5 is, namely 6B4 or 6B3. The DRw13 cells that express 6B4 or 6B3 but not 6B5 could not present the antigen to COT C2. Moreover, ILR2, a monoclonal antibody that precipitated 6B5, blocked the proliferation of COT C2, whereas 7.3.19.1, a monoclonal antibody that precipitated only 6B4 and 6B3, could not block the proliferation of this clone. Thus, the DRw13 beta-chain 6B5 appears as the unique class II element that restricts the response of the T cell clone COT C2. PMID- 3493293 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by murine lymphocytes activated in recombinant interleukin 2. AB - The incubation of murine splenocytes in recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL 2) gives rise to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells that can lyse fresh, NK-resistant tumor cells but not normal cells in 4-hr 51Cr-release assays. Lysis by this IL 2 activated cell population was enhanced up to 100-fold by prior reaction of target cells with specific antisera reactive with antigens on the target cells. This antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) also resulted in lysis of fresh normal target cells, which are not usually susceptible to LAK lysis. The ADCC was evident after 24 hr of incubation of splenocytes in RIL 2, but peak lytic activity was reached after 3 to 4 days of incubation. The concentrations of RIL 2 needed for the in vitro activation of the effectors in order to attain maximal ADCC was between 100 and 3000 U/ml and parallel the IL 2 concentrations required to generate LAK cells. ADCC mediated by IL 2-activated splenocytes was completely blocked by anti-FcR monoclonal antibodies. Although antisera directed against MHC antigens were used in most experiments, anti-B16 monoclonal antibodies have also shown the ability to induce ADCC mediated by RIL 2-activated syngeneic and allogeneic cells. Treatment of the precursor splenocyte populations with anti asialo GM1 and complement eliminated the direct LAK activity and the antibody dependent cytotoxicity, suggesting that both direct and indirect tumor cell lysis may be caused by the same effector cell. ADCC mediated by LAK cell populations represents another possible mechanism for the in vivo therapeutic effects of these cells. PMID- 3493292 TI - Anti-tumor activity of class II MHC antigen-restricted cloned autoreactive T cells. II. Novel immunotherapy of B16 melanomas by local and systemic adoptive transfer. AB - Lyt-1+, L3T4a+ autoreactive cloned T cells, producing lymphotoxin (LT) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to self-class II major histocompatibility complex antigen in vitro were examined for their anti-tumor effect in vivo against B16 melanomas. Without the aid of exogenous interleukin 2, the autoreactive T cells, when injected immediately and at an equal cell number into the site of s.c. inoculated B16 melanoma cells inhibited tumor growth in sublethally irradiated and nonirradiated syngeneic mice. The autoreactive T cells also induced regression of tumors established 3 days earlier. Normal spleen cells or class II-restricted cloned T cells specific for chicken gamma-globulin (CGG) had no inhibitory effect on tumor growth. A single injection of autoreactive T cells delayed tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice that had received a lethal dose of B16 melanoma cells. The autoreactive T cells caused extensive necrosis at the injection site. A treatment regime consisting of two successive injections of anti-I-Ab monoclonal antibody 3JP prevented the inhibition of tumor growth, supporting the hypothesis that the autoreactive T cells inhibited the growth of melanomas by releasing LT and IFN-gamma upon recognition of I-A antigen bearing cells at the injection site. The CGG-specific control T cells did not cause necrosis and survived within the nests of uninhibited tumor cells. Autoreactive T cells administered i.v. immediately after i.v. injection of B16 melanoma cells markedly reduced pulmonary metastases, whereas CGG-specific T cells did not. These results indicate that autoreactive T cells can function in vivo as inhibitors of tumor growth. PMID- 3493294 TI - Growth of human x human hybridomas in protein-free medium supplemented with ethanolamine. AB - A protein-free medium was developed which supports the growth of human X human hybridomas derived from the fusion partner KR-4. This medium consists of a 1:1 mixture of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium and Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 300 microM ethanolamine. The addition of ethanolamine was essential to maintain cell viability and proliferation. Phosphoethanolamine could not substitute for ethanolamine. Although the maximal cell density achieved in protein-free medium was lower than that in medium supplemented with albumin and transferrin, immunoglobulin production was still supported. This protein-free medium may be useful for large-scale cultivation and for metabolic and immunologic studies of human hybridomas. PMID- 3493295 TI - Human interleukin 2. Detection at the picomolar level by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. AB - Human interleukin 2 was detected at the pM level by a simple sequential sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The lymphokine to be assayed was first extracted from supernatants of mitogen-activated Jurkat leukemic T cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes using anti-recombinant interleukin 2 rabbit IgG insolubilized onto polystyrene microtiter plates and was revealed by an anti-interleukin 2 Fab' fragment conjugated to peroxidase. The whole method could be performed within 8 h and allowed the measurement of interleukin 2 irrespective of its degree of glycosylation. Among the currently used mitogens, only ConA at a concentration above 10 micrograms/ml interfered with the assay. The method was carefully compared to the reference bioassay and was found to be only 3-5 times less sensitive. PMID- 3493296 TI - Experimental strategies and interpretations in the analysis of changes in MHC gene expression during tumour progression. Opposing influences of T cell and natural killer mediated resistance? AB - The RBL-5 lymphoma has previously been shown to be highly sensitive to natural hybrid resistance, under the control of H-2 genes at the host level. The present study of the RBL-5 tumour was focused on progression towards disseminated growth after intravenous (i.v.) inoculation in the syngeneic host and the possible influence of the MHC genes at the tumour cell level. Data are presented to illustrate that there is no obligatory association between reduced H-2 expression and increased malignancy, and that the opposite may be observed. The wild type RBL-5 line expressed readily detectable H-2K and H-2D products, and a highly malignant subline selected for lung colonization in vivo did not show any reduction but rather enhanced expression of these antigens. Depending on the inoculum size, this selected subline caused disseminated lymphoma (in the liver, spleen and lungs) at a faster rate or higher frequency of animals than the wild type line. Conversely, a subline selected for reduced H-2 expression in vitro, by repeated treatments with antibody and complement, failed to form colonies in any organ after i.v. inoculation, even if the cell dose was increased by more than 100-fold in comparison with the threshold dose for the wild type line. This H-2 deficient subline was completely resistant to syngeneic RBL-5 immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Clones isolated during selection of the subline showed different degrees of reduction in sensitivity to H-2 specific CTL, but an inverse pattern of sensitivity to poly I:C induced natural killer (NK) cells. Selection pressure imposed by NK-mediated elimination directed preferentially against cells with reduced H-2 expression may be one explanation of why the gain of histocompatibility antigens is associated with tumour progression in some systems. Another important implication taken up for discussion is that tests for the effect of MHC modulation on tumour growth or immunotherapy require careful experimental design, to cover the action of different effector mechanisms in vivo. PMID- 3493297 TI - Molecular definition of retrovirus-induced antigens recognized by tumour-specific H-2-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - The antigenic specificities of H-2-restricted, tumour-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were studied at the molecular level using CTL from BALB.B and C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice sensitized to an H-2b Gross murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) induced tumour. Target cells were produced by the double transfection of mouse L cells (H-2k) with the cloned H-2Kb or H-2Db gene and retroviral DNA derived from a molecular clone of Akv MuLV (closely related to Gross MuLV). Doubly transfected L cells which express either H-2Kb or H-2Db antigen and retroviral antigens are lysed in a virus-specific manner by Gross MuLV-immune CTL. The existence of two independent Gross MuLV-immune CTL subpopulations, one restricted by H-2Kb and the other by H-2Db, is thus confirmed. Gross MuLV-immune CTL from both BALB.B and C57BL/6 mice killed L cells that express Akv MuLV gag gene products and H-2Kb or H-2Db antigen. In contrast, only CTL from C57BL/6 mice killed L cells that express Akv MuLV env gene products and H-2Kb or H-2Db. This indicates that specific recognition of MuLV-induced antigens by CTL can be selective and varies according to the origin of the CTL. PMID- 3493298 TI - Kinetic analysis of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivity against normal and leukaemic target cells. AB - The kinetics of unrestricted killing of normal and leukaemic lymphocyte target cells by a Qa-1b-specific murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone were evaluated in a manner analogous to enzyme kinetic assays in which the effector and target cells corresponded to the enzyme and substrate, respectively. In order to apply the enzyme-substrate analogy to clonal cytolytic reactions, it was first established that the lytic reactions exhibited initial steady-state velocity of lysis at the effector and target cell concentrations used. The lytic reaction maintained linearity for velocity of lysis during the first 90 min of incubation, then plateaued. Vmax (the maximal rate of target cell lysis achieved by a given effector population) and Km (the target cell number resulting in 1/2Vmax) values were determined over a wide range of target and effector cell concentrations. Both parameters were found to be directly proportional to the number of effector cells. At a given concentration of cloned CTL, the lytic parameters of Vmax and Km were not significantly different for normal or leukaemic target cells that express Qa-1b. Additional kinetic parameters for lysis of normal and leukaemic target cells by a cloned CTL were also compared. The lytic efficiency of the CTL clone (i.e. maximal killing rate with an infinite number of targets) and the intrinsic affinity between effector and target cells were the same with either normal or leukaemic targets. However, the maximal lysis of target cells at an infinite number of effectors was significantly less for normal compared with leukaemic targets. This suggests that the normal target cells were more heterogeneous in their expression of the target (Qa-1b) antigen. Enzyme-like kinetic analysis of cell-mediated lysis reactions can be useful for comparing the relative affinities of effector and target cells obtained from various sources. PMID- 3493299 TI - A novel MHC class I molecule as a tumour-specific antigen. Correlation between the antibody-defined and the CTL-defined target structure. AB - Ultraviolet light (UV)-induced tumours in mice are often highly immunogenic and have unique (individually specific) antigens which cause tumour rejection in normal mice. The molecular nature of these unique 'rejection' or 'transplantation' antigens is not known. We have recently isolated a syngeneic monoclonal antibody (mAb), CP28, that recognizes a unique tumour-specific antigen on the UV-induced regressor tumour 1591-RE. Further analysis revealed that the antibody-recognized antigen represents a novel major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule. However, the relationship of this molecule to the unique T cell-recognized antigen that causes tumour rejection remained unresolved. In this study we have explored the relationship of the antibody-defined tumour specific novel class I molecule to the rejection antigen, that we have previously defined with a cytolytic T cell (CTL) clone ('anti-A'). Two different lines of evidence suggested a close relationship. First, it was found that random subclones of the 1591-RE tumour expressed different levels of the CP28-defined antigen which correlated with the level of lysis by the anti-A CTL clone. Second, the selection of antigen-loss variants using either the anti-A CTL clone or the mAb CP28 resulted in the simultaneous loss of both the CP28 as well as the 'A' antigen. This tight correlation strongly suggests a relationship between the antibody-defined and the T cell-defined antigen. However, the role of the antibody-recognized antigen in causing transplantation rejection still needs to be determined. PMID- 3493301 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural processing of [125I]epidermal growth factor in rat epidermis and hair follicles: accumulation of nuclear label. AB - Although the intracellular ultrastructural processing of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor have been described in cell culture systems, very few studies have examined this phenomenon in intact tissues. We have examined the ultrastructural and biochemical handling of [125I]EGF in the epidermis and hair follicle bulb of intact, viable, 3- to 5-day-old rat skin the EGF receptor distribution of which has already been documented and in which EGF has been shown to be biologically active. After incubation of explants with 10 nM [125I]EGF for 2.5 h at 25 degrees or 37 degrees C, radiolabel was detected over the basal cells of the epidermis and hair follicle outer root sheath, confirming previous light microscope observations. More specifically, silver grains were observed near coated and uncoated plasma membrane and coated membrane invaginations, Golgi apparatus, lysosomal structures, and nuclei. Sodium azide inhibited internalization of label, whereas a series of lysosomal inhibitors (chloroquine, monensin, and iodoacetamide) caused a slight increase in silver grains associated with lysosomal vesicles and a decrease in nuclear label. Biochemical analysis indicated that greater than 35% of radioactivity following incubation at 37 degrees C was in the form of degraded [125I]EGF fragments and that inclusion of chloroquine, monensin, and iodoacetamide reduced this value to 20.8%, 8.6%, and 4.0%, respectively. In addition, chloramine T-prepared [125I]EGF was found to be covalently cross-linked with low efficiency to a protein having the molecular weight of the EGF receptor. These data are discussed in the light of the effects of EGF on epithelial cell proliferation in skin. PMID- 3493302 TI - Psoriasis and leukocyte chemotaxis. AB - Transepidermal migration of leukocytes, with resultant formation of microscopic or macroscopic sterile subcorneal pustules is a phenomenon characteristically noted in psoriasis and related sterile pustular dermatoses. It is natural to assume the presence of potent neutrophil chemotactic substances in the subcorneal portion of the lesional epidermis, because this location is the target of the in vivo leukocyte chemotaxis. In fact, crude psoriasis scale extracts show remarkably high neutrophil chemotactic and activating properties as compared with those of other non-psoriatic inflammatory dermatoses. We isolated a psoriatic leukotactic factor (PLF) having a molecular mass of around 12 kD, distinct from those common to other inflammatory changes involving the skin or those released by bacteria. Further analysis of PLF identified C5 cleavage fragments, together with other chemotactic peptides, such as those derived from monocytes. Likewise, potent low-molecular-mass chemotactic factors, including cell membrane lipid derived chemotactic factor, e.g. leukotriene B4, are also increased in psoriatic lesions, as in other nonpsoriatic inflammatory dermatoses. However, their activity to stimulate the generation of oxygen radicals in neutrophils was found to be much weaker than that of PLF. The peripheral blood leukocytes from active psoriatic patients show enhanced function in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, active oxygen production, and enzyme release; patients' sera contain substances such as anaphylatoxins that activate leukocyte function. Further research is required for clearer understanding of the series of events resulting in the leukocyte chemotaxis, as well as for the elucidation of the background immunoregulatory mechanisms. PMID- 3493300 TI - Meningitis and septicaemia due to a multiply resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A case of meningitis and septicaemia caused by a multiply resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae in a Saudi infant aged 7 months is reported. Haemophilus influenzae, resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood and throat. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 64 mg/l and 16 mg/l respectively. After failure of initial therapy with high doses of ampicillin and chloramphenicol, the child made a full and uneventful recovery when treated with cefotaxime. The implications of isolating such a strain on the policy for treating meningitis in our situation are discussed. PMID- 3493303 TI - The effect of tar and ultraviolet on the skin. PMID- 3493304 TI - Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cellular immune response to Rickettsia conorii in taches noires. PMID- 3493306 TI - [The effect of prolonged oral and intravenous administration of diltiazem on the results of aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3493305 TI - [Surgical effects of aorto-coronary bypass operation and evaluation of myocardial viability on the treadmill exercise test]. PMID- 3493308 TI - [Report of 2 cases of aneurysm of saphenous vein-coronary artery bypass graft]. PMID- 3493307 TI - [A report of a case of systemic cholesterol embolization after A-C bypass surgery]. PMID- 3493309 TI - Antitumor efficacy of recombinant interleukin 2-activated killer cells against endometrial cancers. PMID- 3493310 TI - [Cytotoxicity of T-lymphocytes from a patient with choriocarcinoma to autologous tumor cultured cells--stimulation with the husband's lymphocytes]. AB - The authors recently studied the histocompatibility between patients with choriocarcinoma and their husbands and did an in vitro experiment (in an autosystem) to establish whether choriocarcinoma can be treated with lymphocytes from the husband. The results were as follows. Seventeen pairs of trophoblastic diseases were analyzed for HLA antigens. The histocompatibility rate between the patient and husband was 60% in the choriocarcinoma group, which was larger than the rates for both the hydatidiform mole group (29%) and the invasive mole group (0%). We succeeded in establishing a cultured cell strain of choriocarcinoma. We named this strain SMT-cc 1 and used it in the subsequent autologous experiments. Peripheral T-lymphocytes of the patient with SMT-cc 1 were examined for their cytotoxicity against SMT-cc 1 using the 51Cr release assay. T-lymphocytes of the patient showed a cytotoxicity of 7.6% after independent culture (control experiment), while they showed a cytotoxicity of 19.7% after a 6-day mixed culture with the husband's lymphocytes. The latter figure was almost equal to the rate (22.2%) observed for T-lymphocytes after a similar stimulation procedure using SMT-cc 1. When anti-HLA-A, B antibody was added during the above mentioned cytotoxicity test, cytotoxicity was markedly reinforced. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy which, making use of the fact that choriocarcinoma expresses the husband's genome, intravenously injects lymphocytes into the patient, after stimulation with antigens (husband's lymphocytes or choriocarcinoma cells). PMID- 3493311 TI - Discordant induction of tumor-associated antigen, TA-4 and chorionic gonadotropin beta in cultured cervical carcinoma cells. AB - The CaSki cell line derived from an epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix produces and releases two types of tumor-associated antigen. One is a eutopic antigen, TA-4 and the other is an ectopic antigen, hCG beta-like material. The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate a possible difference in the induction mechanism of production of TA-4 and hCG beta-like material in the CaSki cells in relation to cellular differentiation and gene modulation. The exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF, 100ng/ml) for two days greatly increased TA-4 production by the cultured CaSki cells without affecting cell growth and immunoreactive hCG beta production. The EGF-stimulated increase in TA-4 production required a lag period of approximately 24 hours. The exposure to sodium butyrate (2.5mM) stimulated immunoreactive hCG beta production by the cells, but decreased TA-4 production. The stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate on immunoreactive hCG beta production occurred only during the exposure to the agent. These discrepant effects of EGF and sodium butyrate on the production of TA-4 and hCG beta-like material by the CaSki cells suggest that a fundamental difference exists in the induction mechanism for the expression of these two types of tumor-associated antigen in cervical squamous carcinoma cells. PMID- 3493312 TI - [Electrocardiographic characteristics and clinical features of acute apical infarction. Analysis by a QRS scoring system]. PMID- 3493313 TI - [Antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies in polymyositis and dermatomyositis]. PMID- 3493314 TI - Cimetidine modulates natural killer cell function of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) activity in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is frequently low or absent. Because cimetidine (a histamine-2 antagonist) has been shown to alter human lymphocyte function in vitro, we decided to study cimetidine's effect on peripheral blood NK activity of patients with B-CLL and controls. We administered cimetidine orally (1.2 gm per day) to seven patients with B-CLL and 12 controls for up to 28 days. Peripheral blood NK activity of patients with B-CLL rose from a pretreatment level of 0.7 +/ 0.5 (mean +/- SEM) lytic units/10(6) cells (LU) to 8.7 +/- 2.4 LU (P less than 0.05) at day 28. Peripheral blood NK activity of controls decreased after 14 days of cimetidine treatment but returned to pretreatment levels by day 28. When peripheral blood cells from controls were exposed to cimetidine during in vitro incubation (10 micrograms/ml), mean NK activity was increased at 48 hours (54% +/ 22% increase over controls, n = 5, P less than 0.05). Single cell cytotoxicity assays revealed increased killing of target cells (but not effector-target conjugation) with cimetidine-exposed effector cells. These data suggest that cimetidine may be useful to augment peripheral blood NK activity for patients with B-CLL. PMID- 3493315 TI - Augmented Hageman factor and prolactin titers, enhanced cold activation of factor VII, and spontaneous shortening of prothrombin time in survivors of myocardial infarction. AB - Hyperestrogenemia has been implicated in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. Because marked augmentation of the titer of Hageman factor is brought about by the administration of estrogens in humans and by prolactin or estrogen infusion in hypophysectomized rats, we measured the plasma concentrations of estradiol, prolactin, and clotting factors participating in surface-mediated reactions of coagulation in survivors of myocardial infarction. We observed higher titers of Hageman factor, prolactin, and high molecular weight kininogen but no significant change in estradiol or prekallikrein in survivors of myocardial infarction compared with controls. The titer of Hageman factor tended to be directly associated with the prolactin titer. We also report an increase in factor VII activity and spontaneous shortening of prothrombin time in the cold stored plasma of survivors of myocardial infarction. In such individuals as well as in the control group, the titer of Hageman factor appeared to be responsible for half of the observed increase in factor VII activity and two thirds of the observed shortening of prothrombin time. These data indicate that although the titer of Hageman factor strongly influences the cold activation of factor VII, other factors may affect these phenomena. PMID- 3493316 TI - An analysis of teenage out-of-wedlock births in Kentucky, 1976-1984. PMID- 3493317 TI - Synergistic stimulation of Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor and other factors in human mammary secretions. AB - The concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human mammary secretions was about 50 nmol/l for several weeks prepartum. It then fell to about 13 nmol/l within 4 days after parturition, in parallel with the decrease in protein concentration which is associated with the onset of lactation. In contrast, the concentration of EGF in urine samples from the same donors remained constant throughout this period. All the immunoreactive EGF in mammary secretions competed at the EGF receptors on Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. The stimulation of these cells by samples of mammary secretions was, however, much greater than that induced by EGF alone, indicating the presence of other factors which synergize with EGF. Gel filtration of mammary secretions revealed two major peaks of mitogenic activity, corresponding to EGF and a factor of higher molecular weight. The latter could synergize with added EGF, insulin or bombesin, and thus falls into a different functional class from any of these factors. PMID- 3493318 TI - Effect of a non-viral fraction of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome plasma on the vulnerability of lymphocytes to cortisol. AB - We have observed previously that the rate of cortisol catabolism by lymphocytes (CCL) was indicative of the vulnerability of these cells to cortisol. We attempted to ascertain whether cortisol-sensitive lymphocytes (e.g. thymocytes) metabolize cortisol at a different rate from cortisol-resistant cells and whether lymphocytes in which cortisol catabolism is inhibited become cortisol sensitive. The work was facilitated by the observation that an ethanol extract plasma from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) had the capacity to inhibit CCL. The capacity of thymocytes to metabolize cortisol was found to be 11 times lower than that of peripheral lymphocytes. Inhibition of CCL with an ethanol extract of plasma from AIDS/ARC patients made the cells vulnerable to cortisol, causing them to die at a rate seven times greater than that of control samples. It is suggested that these findings may have important implications with regard to the nature of lymphocyte depletion in AIDS/ARC patients or in people at risk of developing the syndrome. PMID- 3493319 TI - Downregulation of T cell responses by antibodies to the T cell receptor. AB - We have derived a T cell clone that recognizes and responds to three different types of antigen: self + X (fowl gamma globulin + H-2d), allo-H-2p,b, and minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mlsa,d) determinants. Anti-TcR mAb and their F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were tested for their capacity to block the response of this clone. When responses were assayed on day 4 or later, addition of KJ16 or F23.1 mAb caused a marked inhibition of the response to each of the three antigens recognized by the clone. Responses measured at earlier time points however were unaffected or enhanced. This finding suggested that the inhibitory effects of anti-TcR mAb that followed the phase of enhancement might have reflected downregulation of the cells rather than simple blockade of TcR. In support of this possibility it was found that addition of anti-TcR mAb caused marked inhibition of the response of the clone to IL-2, i.e., a response that is not known to involve the TcR. PMID- 3493320 TI - T cell receptor variable gene usage in a specific cytotoxic T cell response. Primary structure of the antigen-MHC receptor of four hapten-specific cytotoxic T cell clones. AB - The primary structure of the alpha and beta chains of the T cell antigen receptor in four cytotoxic T cell clones specific for N-iodoacetyl-sulfonic-naphthyl ethylene-diamine (AED)-haptenated target cells displaying a particular class I MHC molecule has been determined. Two of the T cell clones, 8/10-2 and 5/10-20K, recognize AED-modified targets in association with H-2Kb, while the other two clones 5/10-20D and C9 react with AED-modified cells in the context of H-2Db. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of both the alpha and beta chain cDNAs and their deduced protein sequences indicates that a specific variable gene segment was not used to recognize the hapten and/or class I gene products. Furthermore, there does not appear to be any conserved amino acid residues used in the AED specific response other than the framework amino acids. However, when the two clones 8/10-2 and 5/10-20D were compared, a striking similarity was seen in the J segments. These two clones that recognize AED in the context of different MHC epitopes used identical J alpha (J alpha 810) and J beta (J beta 2.6) gene segments. C9, specific for AED-Db, shared identical V beta (V beta 6) and J beta gene segments (J beta 1.1) as those of a cytotoxic T cell that recognizes allogeneic targets expressing Db. These data indicate that a simple rule governing the usage of the variable regions of either the alpha or beta T cell receptor (TcR) genes in the recognition of antigen and MHC gene products cannot be formulated. However, subtle similarities can be detected in some situations between the primary structures of the TcR and the targets they recognize. PMID- 3493321 TI - Interleukin-HP1, a T cell-derived hybridoma growth factor that supports the in vitro growth of murine plasmacytomas. AB - We have recently described the purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of a T cell-derived hybridoma growth factor that was provisionally designated interleukin-HP1 (IL-HP1). Here we report that a T cell supernatant containing high titers of this hybridoma growth factor considerably facilitated the establishment of primary cultures of murine plasmacytomas. Most plasmacytoma cell lines derived from such cultures remained permanently dependent on IL-HP1 containing T cell supernatant for both survival and growth in vitro. These cell lines, however, retained their ability to form tumors in irradiated pristane treated mice. Analytical fractionation of a T cell supernatant rich in IL-HP1 by either gel filtration, isoelectric focusing, or reversed-phase HPLC revealed the existence of only one plasmacytoma growth factor activity that strictly copurified with IL-HP1, strongly suggesting the identity of both factors. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that IL-HP1 purified to homogeneity supported the growth of both B cell hybridomas and plasmacytomas. For half-maximal growth, plasmacytomas, however, required a concentration of IL-HP1 of approximately 30 pM, which is approximately 200 times higher than that required by B cell hybridomas. A clear difference in the specificity of IL-HP1 and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) was demonstrated by the finding that IL HP1-dependent plasmacytomas did not survive in the presence of BSF-1, whereas helper T cell lines that proliferated in the presence of BSF-1 failed to respond to IL-HP1. PMID- 3493322 TI - Identification of the human 26-kD protein, interferon beta 2 (IFN-beta 2), as a B cell hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor induced by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. AB - A factor that promotes the growth of certain B cell hybridomas and of plasmacytomas is shown to be produced by normal human fibroblasts and by a line of human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) after treatment with IL-1 or TNF. The hybridoma-plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF) is identified with a 26 kD protein whose mRNA was previously shown to be induced in the same cells by the same inducers. First, poly(A)-rich RNA extracted from IL-1-treated cells could be enriched in HPGF-mRNA content by hybridization to 26 kD cDNA. Second, MG-63 derived HPGF purified to electrophoretic homogeneity was subjected to amino acid sequence analysis, whereby the NH2-terminal sequence was found to match the nucleotide sequence of a 26 kD cDNA clone. PMID- 3493323 TI - Expression of the 6C3 antigen on murine hematopoietic neoplasms. Association with expression of abl, ras, fes, src, erbB, and Cas NS-1 oncogenes but not with myc. AB - The monoclonal antibody 6C3 was used to test a wide variety of murine hematopoietic neoplasms for cell surface expression of a 160 kD glycoprotein (gp160(6C3)) previously shown to be expressed by neoplastic pre-B and some B lymphocytes transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV). This antigen was expressed on many pre-B and B cell lymphomas, but not on A-MuLV-transformed fibroblasts, T cell lymphomas, or myelomonocytic leukemias, gp160(6C3) was expressed by most early B-lineage spontaneous tumors, and early B tumors induced by replication-defective MuLV-containing oncogenes the products of which are associated with the cytoplasmic aspect of the plasma membrane, i.e., fes, abl, H ras, bas, src, erbB, and Cas NS-1. By comparison, none of the early B lineage lymphomas induced by the "nuclear" oncogene avian v-myc MuLV, or arising in mice transgenic for a murine c-myc gene, or later B cell lineage stages bearing translocations of the c-myc locus expressed this antigen. PMID- 3493324 TI - Purified influenza virus nucleoprotein protects mice from lethal infection. AB - Local administration of nucleoprotein purified from X31 (H3N2) influenza A virus primed for A virus cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells and resulted in substantial protection (75%) of mice from a lethal challenge with the heterologous mouse adapted A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. By following the course of a lethal virus challenge we found that nucleoprotein priming did not prevent virus infection but rather aided recovery. Nucleoprotein-primed mice suffered initial symptoms of infection, i.e. weight loss and surface temperature changes, but started to recover after approximately 7 days. We suggest that such heterotypic protection can be attributed to priming of A virus cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3493325 TI - Differences in the pI heterogeneity of virion and intracellular Moloney murine leukaemia virus p30s. AB - At least three different p30 forms which vary in isoelectric point (pI) were previously shown by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis to be present in purified virions obtained from several strains of murine leukaemia virus (MLV). This heterogeneity which had been identified by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining has been further characterized by immunological techniques. Using as substrates two Moloney (M) MLV chronically infected cell lines (MJD-54 and clone 2 cells), we found that (i) all p30s had the antigenicity of M-MLV p30, when analysed by immunoblotting of virion proteins with anti-p30 sera, and (ii) when cells were labelled with [35S]methionine, a 14C-amino acid mixture, or [14C]serine and lysates of purified virions were immunoprecipitated with goat anti-p30 sera, four p30 spots (pI 6.0, 6.1, 6.3 and 6.6) could be clearly identified. These results strongly support the viral origin of the heterogeneous p30 spots. We next examined infected cell lysates in an attempt to pinpoint the molecular basis of this heterogeneity. When we immunoprecipitated p30s from labelled cell lysates utilizing goat anti-p30 sera it was observed that in contrast to the four virion p30s, there were only three intracellular p30s (pI 6.0, 6.3 and 6.6), there was a threefold greater amount of the intracellular compared to the virion form of p30 with pI 6.0, tryptic peptide maps of both virion and intracellular p30s labelled either with [35S]methionine or 125I showed basically similar patterns with only slight differences in intensity among certain peptides for the p30s with pI 6.1, 6.3 and 6.6, and the intracellular p30 with pI 6.0 had a peptide that was not present in any of the other p30s. These results suggest that due to some as yet uncharacterized modification(s) of p30 and/or some structural differences between different p30s, a heterogeneity in pI exists. This may be important for assembly of the virion capsid. However, it is also possible that the p30 heterogeneity reflects the presence of multiple M-MLV proviruses within each of the infected cell clones. PMID- 3493326 TI - Role of interferon in the augmented resistance of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate treated mice to influenza virus infection. AB - Mice inoculated intravenously with 10 to 100 micrograms trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate in an oil-in-water emulsion (TDM emulsion) acquired high resistance to intranasal infection by influenza virus at 7 to 14 days, but not at 1 day, after treatment. Mice inoculated with an oil-in-water emulsion without TDM (control emulsion) did not resist infection. The activity of the reticuloendothelial system of mice inoculated with TDM emulsion or control emulsion was greatly stimulated 1 day and 14 days after treatment. Interferon production in response to influenza virus was augmented in lung and serum of TDM emulsion-treated mice. The augmented interferon production was greatly diminished in the TDM emulsion-treated mice by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody. Production of haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in the TDM emulsion-treated or control emulsion-treated mice was higher than that in untreated mice, although no difference was observed between the TDM emulsion-treated and control emulsion-treated mice. On the other hand, TDM emulsion treatment of mice did not influence the appearance of antibody producing cells, nor the activity of natural killer cells in the mice. The enhanced resistance of mice was diminished by inoculating anti-interferon alpha/beta serum before influenza virus infection. No detectable interferon activity was observed in lung and blood of mice inoculated with anti-interferon alpha/beta serum prior to influenza virus infection. These results suggest that the augmented early interferon production in T-lymphocytes of TDM emulsion treated mice in response to influenza virus may play an important role in the enhanced resistance. PMID- 3493327 TI - Properties and localization of the sulfate-activating system in rat brain. AB - The formation of the sulfate donor [35S]3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) from inorganic [35S]sulfate was studied using a novel assay. The assay was based on the quantitative transfer of radioactivity from [35S]PAPS to beta naphthol under the action of phenolsulfotransferase activity from rat brain cytosol, with the [35S]beta-naphthyl sulfate formed being isolated by polystyrene bead chromatography. This simple assay was validated by comparison of results with those derived from direct assay of [35S]PAPS isolated by either TLC or ion exchange chromatography. [35S]PAPS formation by a high-speed supernatant of rat cerebral cortex occurred with an optimal pH of approximately 7.6, varied linearly with time and protein concentration, and depended on the presence of Mg2+-ATP. The latter could not be replaced by other nucleotides such as GTP, UTP, or CTP, which at 1-5 mM concentrations inhibited the reaction. Mg2+ could not be replaced by Mn2+, which at micromolar concentrations inhibited the reaction. The apparent Km values of Mg2+-ATP (at 0.1 mM [35S]sulfate) and inorganic sulfate (at 5 mM Mg2+-ATP) were 2.7 and 0.2 mM, respectively. These kinetics parameters corresponded to those reported for purified ATP sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4), the enzyme responsible for the first step of PAPS synthesis in liver. The product of its reaction, [35S]adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), could not be detected after incubations, an observation implying that the action of APS kinase was not rate limiting in cerebral extracts tested under the selected experimental conditions. [35S]PAPS formation was detectable in cytosolic fractions from various brain regions, which displayed only limited differences in synthesizing activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493328 TI - A case study of cortical colour "blindness" with relatively intact achromatic discrimination. AB - A patient is described whose most striking visual disorder was a grossly impaired ability to discriminate between different colours (hues) that were matched for brightness. In contrast his ability to discriminate between different neutral greys presented in the same fashion was much less abnormal, even though the greys were perceptually difficult. Although visual acuity was reduced and visual fields were constricted, and the patient's memory was moderately impaired, these associated symptoms could not themselves be the cause of his unusual colour vision. The patient had the symptoms of cerebral achromatopsia, and the relative preservation of his form vision (when his reduced acuity is taken into account) and his achromatic vision supports the view that the many different visual cortical areas recently demonstrated in the brains of monkeys, and presumed to exist in man, have a perceptual specialisation that matches their physiological differences. PMID- 3493329 TI - Motor function in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mouse. AB - Motor function was assessed by use of a swim test in C57 Black mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Thirty minutes after the last MPTP injection significant motor impairment was observed while striatal dopamine was reduced to 13.9% of control levels. At 24 h and 7 days post MPTP injection dopamine levels were still reduced to 17.3% and 26.4% of control values but swimming abilities of the mice were unimpaired. Histofluorescence of catecholaminergic neurons confirmed the presence of catecholamine depletion but showed little evidence of neuronal destruction. The use of MPTP as a non-invasive means of nigrostriatal dopamine depletion in rodents and higher animals allows a re-evaluation of the role of the dopaminergic system in the modulation of movement. PMID- 3493330 TI - Long-term effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on striatal dopamine content in young and mature mice. AB - Long-term effects of MPTP on striatal dopamine (DA) content and the influence of aging on the recovery were investigated in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice, young (2 month-old) and mature (10-month-old), were used. Two different dosage schedules of MPTP, i.e., 4 doses subcutaneous injections of 20 mg/kg each, and 4 doses subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg each, were given to both young and mature mice at 12-h intervals. Assays of striatal DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content were performed 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after the last injection of MPTP. MPTP produced a marked reduction (-75% to -80%) of striatal DA content in both young and mature mice 1 week after the last injection of MPTP. In young mice, the striatal DA content showed a partial recovery in the subsequent stages studied. In contrast, no apparent recovery occurred in mature mice until as long as 3 months after the last injection. The results suggest that mice have a capacity for partial recovery of the striatal DA contents which was depleted by MPTP, and this capacity for recovery appears to be impaired in mature mice. PMID- 3493331 TI - Macromolecular structure of axonal membrane during acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rat and guinea pig spinal cord. AB - Axonal membrane structure during acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Axons without myelin sheaths were prevalent within EAE spinal cords. Often these axons were associated with astrocytic processes, though membrane specializations were not observed at these sites. The demyelinated axons exhibited a highly asymmetrical partitioning of intramembranous particles (IMP), with approximately 2,000 particles/micron2 on P-faces and approximately 150/micron2 on E-faces. This distribution and density of IMP is similar to myelinated internodal membrane. The IMP were generally randomly distributed along the axons. However, in some regions, E-faces of demyelinated axons without paranodal-like membrane specialization in the vicinity displayed a greater than normal (approximately 500/micron2) particle density. Many of the IMP in these regions of increased density were of a large (greater than 10 nm) diameter. Axonal membrane bounded by a single set of paranodal oligodendroglial loops ('heminodal') was also observed, and the axolemma adjacent to the terminal glial loop exhibited a gradient of morphologies. The E-faces of presumed heminodal membrane most often displayed a moderately low density of IMP. However, in several instances, heminodal membrane exhibited a moderately high IMP density (approximately 1,100/micron2), similar to that observed within normal nodal membrane. In all cases, a high percentage of the E-face IMP within heminodal membrane were large. The results demonstrate that acute demyelination is associated with a maintenance of the integrity of certain components of the axolemma and an apparent dedifferentiation in other constituents. PMID- 3493333 TI - Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter. Evidence for a non-opioid mechanism. AB - Pain relief following stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) or periventricular gray matter (PVG) in man has been ascribed to stimulation-induced release of endogenous opioid substances. Forty-five patients were studied and followed for at least 1 year after placement of chronic stimulating electrodes in the PAG or PVG to determine if pain relief due to stimulation could be ascribed to an endogenous opioid mechanism. Three criteria were assessed: the development of tolerance to stimulation; the possibility of cross-tolerance to morphine; and reversibility of stimulation-induced pain relief by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Sixteen patients (35.6%) developed tolerance to stimulation, that is, they obtained progressively less effective pain relief. Twelve (44.4%) of 27 patients undergoing stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nuclei for treatment of chronic pain (a presumably non-opioid mechanism) also developed tolerance. Morphine sulfate was administered in a blind, placebo-controlled protocol to 10 patients who had become tolerant to PAG-PVG stimulation and none showed evidence of cross-tolerance. Fifteen of 19 patients, already tolerant to morphine at the time of PAG-PVG electrode implantation, experienced excellent pain relief by stimulation, also indicating a lack of cross-tolerance. Twenty-two patients who experienced excellent pain relief from chronic PAG-PVG stimulation received intravenous naloxone in a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Pain intensity as assessed by the visual analog scale was increased to the same degree by both placebo and naloxone. Eight patients showed no increase in pain intensity with either placebo or naloxone. Although tolerance to PAG-PVG stimulation developed in these patients, the frequency of tolerance was similar to that seen in patients undergoing thalamic sensory nuclear stimulation. Since the latter technique presumably relieves pain by a non-opioid mechanism, the development of tolerance to PAG-PVG stimulation does not, in itself, confirm an opioid mechanism. Cross-tolerance between PAG-PVG stimulation and morphine was not seen and cross-tolerance to PAG-PVG stimulation in patients already tolerant to morphine was rare. The pain-relieving effect of PAG-PVG stimulation was reversed to an approximately equal degree by naloxone and placebo. The authors do not believe that, in most patients, pain relief elicited by PAG-PVG stimulation depends on an endogenous opioid mechanism. It appears that other, non-opioid mechanisms are primarily responsible for such pain relief. PMID- 3493332 TI - Reduction of toxicity of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in humans by the administration of corticosteroids. AB - In order to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone (dex) in reducing the toxicity of therapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2), we treated six patients receiving this form of immunotherapy with intravenous (IV) dex, 4 mg every six hours. Compared with a control group of 27 patients not receiving dex with their immunotherapy, these corticosteroid-treated patients were able to tolerate the administration of more IL-2, yet experienced significantly less toxicity. Dyspnea, confusion, fever, mean peak serum creatinine, and bilirubin levels during treatment were significantly reduced in corticosteroid-treated patients, with a corresponding decrease in pruritus in this group as well. Overall weight gain was not different between groups, although a curtailment of weight gain temporally related to dex treatment was seen in some patients. Hematologic side effects, including anemia, eosinophilia, and thrombocytopenia, were not reduced by dex. These results suggest that dex can inhibit at least some of the toxic side effects of LAK cell and IL-2 therapy. Because of the concern that the therapeutic effect may also be abrogated, future studies combining corticosteroids with this form of immunotherapy should be undertaken with caution. PMID- 3493335 TI - Quantitative organ visualization using SPECT. AB - Quantitative organ visualization (QOV) was performed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Organ size was calculated from serial, contiguous ECT images taken through the organ of interest with image boundaries determined using a maximum directional gradient edge finding technique. Organ activity was calculated using ECT counts bounded by the directional gradient, imaging system efficiency, and imaging time. The technique used to perform QOV was evaluated using phantom studies, in vivo canine liver, spleen, bladder, and kidney studies, and in vivo human bladder studies. It was demonstrated that absolute organ activity and organ size could be determined with this system and total imaging time restricted to less than 45 min to an accuracy of about +/- 10% providing the minimum dimensions of the organ are greater than the FWHM of the imaging system and the total radioactivity within the organ of interest exceeds 15 nCi/cc for dog-sized torsos. In addition, effective half-lives of approximately 1.5 hr or greater could be determined. PMID- 3493334 TI - Comparative methods for quantifying myocardial infarct size by thallium-201 SPECT. AB - Maximum-count circumferential profile analysis of 201TI single photon emission computed tomograms (SPECT) was employed to quantify infarct size (15) in ten dogs with acute closed chest coronary occlusion (seven left anterior descending coronary artery and three left circumflex coronary artery) who underwent rest redistribution 201TI SPECT. The extent of hypoperfused myocardium was calculated as a percentage of slice mass on rest-redistribution 201TI SPECT. Pathologic IS was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. On each tomogram, SPECT IS was defined as the % of the maximum-count circumferential profile points falling below normal. To calculate total LV infarct size, slice ISs were added to one another after each was multiplied by a coefficient K that reflected the contribution of that slice to the total left ventricular mass. K was derived from an observed relationship in normal dogs between slice fractional distance from the apex and either its actual weight, its geometric SPECT area, or its count-based SPECT area, the assessment of which was independent of edge detection. Using any of these algorithms, there was a high linear correlation between the tomographic and TTC IS. A similar algorithm was also developed from tomograms of eight normal patients. These data offer promise for the clinical noninvasive assessment of the extent of hypoperfused myocardium. PMID- 3493336 TI - Oral surgery in hemophiliacs. PMID- 3493337 TI - Arthritis associated with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. PMID- 3493338 TI - Eimerian life cycles: the patency of eimeria vermiformis, but not Eimeria pragensis, is subject to host (Mus musculus) influence. AB - The ability of Eimeria vermiformis and Eimeria pragensis to produce oocysts in primary infections is influenced by host factors. Oocyst production and the duration of patency were determined for each species in: NIH mice, normal or immunosuppressed (by X-irradiation or injection of cortisone acetate), and strains of mice: nu/+, nu/nu; BALB/c, C57BL/6 known (E. vermiformis), or suspected (E. pragensis), to be of contrasting susceptibility to infection. The effect of induced or genetic susceptibility on the reproduction of E. vermiformis resulted in increases in both oocyst production and the duration of patency. Eimeria pragensis was less affected, with smaller increases in the numbers of oocysts produced and no significant prolongation of patency. The implications of these findings with respect to eimerian life cycles are discussed. PMID- 3493339 TI - Drapanas shunt using a spiral saphenous vein graft. AB - An alternative technique for creation of a Drapanas shunt was used in a 12-year old boy with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dissatisfaction with available prosthetic grafts and the inherent limitations of other autogenous materials led to the use of a spiral saphenous vein graft to bridge the superior mesenteric vein and the inferior vena cava. Patency of the graft was demonstrated 1 year postoperatively, and the patient has not had further bleeding episodes for 2 years postoperatively. Continued use of this operation is necessary to determine its usefulness. PMID- 3493340 TI - Bulimia: prevalence and component factors in college women. AB - Using a measure of bulimia (BULIT) that has demonstrated validity and reliability, the prevalence of bulimia among three samples of college females was found to range from 2.0 to 3.8%. These percentages are substantially lower than most previous reports would suggest. Factor analysis of the BULIT data revealed that the binging factor accounted for 63% of the variance. Other factors identified include vomiting, negative feelings about overeating, menstruation problems, preference for high caloric/easily ingested food, and weight fluctuations. The intercorrelations among the factors were examined and the implications of these data for the proposed revised DSM-III criteria for bulimia are discussed. PMID- 3493341 TI - Why children are not immunised. PMID- 3493342 TI - Patient-held records: censoring of information by doctors. PMID- 3493343 TI - High death rates: more deaths or earlier deaths? AB - In the analysis of mortality statistics high age-specific death rates could be interpreted as meaning more deaths (more disease), but they could equally well be interpreted as meaning earlier deaths (death at younger age). The distinction markedly affects the choice of hypotheses that may be advanced to explain variations in person, time and place and the design of subsequent, more detailed field studies to test the hypotheses. Furthermore, the majority of descriptive papers make no comparisons with a control disease and thereby break one of the ground rules of epidemiology. This paper shows how, in the example of the geographical variations within England and Wales of ischaemic heart disease, a control may be simply introduced and that much of the observed variation is not in the proportion who suffer heart disease deaths but is in the age at which deaths occur. PMID- 3493344 TI - Increased frequency of Gm(1,2;21) phenotype in HLA-DR4 positive seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ninety-four patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were typed for HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens and for immunoglobulin G (Gm) allotypes. Isolated IgG from patient serum was used to avoid interference of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) with Gm typing in sera with high IgM-RF titer. Besides the association of seropositive RA with the antigen DR4 and an earlier disease onset in DR3/DR4 heterozygotes, we found the uncommon Gm phenotype Gm(1,2;21) significantly more often in our patient group than in healthy controls. Combination of HLA-DR and Gm data shows that individuals with both DR4 and Gm(1,2;21) are at a particularly high disease risk. PMID- 3493345 TI - Circulating HLA-DR bearing T cells: correlation with genetic rather than clinical variables. AB - Elevated levels of circulating HLA-DR bearing (activated) T cells have been reported in a variety of conditions. The role played by these cells in the pathogenesis of disease is not established. We found elevated levels of activated T lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten sensitive enteropathy, as well as presumed healthy persons with HLA-B8 antigen. We could not show any change in the concentration of these cells with disease activity, therapy, or in a case of dermatitis herpetiformis, challenge with the presumed antigen, gluten. Our studies do not suggest an apparent causal relationship between activated T lymphocytes and the above disorders. PMID- 3493346 TI - Pacemaker treated women with heart block have no increase in the frequency of HLA B27 and associated rheumatic disorders in contrast to men--a sex linked difference in disease susceptibility. AB - HLA-B27 associated rheumatic syndromes have been found in 13% of more than 200 pacemaker treated Caucasian men. Furthermore, a significantly increased frequency of HLA-B27 was found in pacemaker treated men without HLA-B27 associated rheumatic disorders. Consequently, an HLA-B27 associated disease process seems to be the cause of heart block development in 15 to 20% of Caucasian pacemaker treated men. The purpose of our study was to find out if the HLA-B27 associated disease process was equally common in pacemaker treated women. Eighty-five pacemaker treated women with second and third degree heart block were HLA typed for B27, and HLA-B27 positive individuals were further examined for the presence of associated rheumatic disorders. HLA-B27 was present in 7 women, 8.2%, similar to the frequency in the general population, and none of them had an associated rheumatic disease. Thus, there is a significant sex linked difference in the susceptibility to HLA-B27 associated heart block. PMID- 3493348 TI - Abstracts: Conference of rheumatic diseases of childhood. March 15-19, 1986, Park City, Utah. PMID- 3493347 TI - Interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 generation by peripheral blood cells from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - We examined the spontaneous secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1) from peripheral blood monocytes and staphylococcal protein A (SPA) induced secretion of interleukin 2 (IL-2) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 patients with active ankylosing spondylitis and 10 healthy controls. IL-1 and IL-2 secretion in the patient group was not measurably different from controls (p greater than 0.05). We also examined IL-1 and IL-2 generation in 7 patients before and 2 months after therapy with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, piroxicam. A variable effect of piroxicam was observed on IL-1 and IL-2 generation despite the efficacy of piroxicam in reducing the clinical activity of the disease. Our results suggest the absence of an intrinsic aberration in IL generation from peripheral blood cells from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 3493349 TI - Estrogen binding sites in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes from 2 myasthenia gravis patients. AB - In the present investigation the estrogen binding capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and thymocytes from 2 young female Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients has been studied. We found high levels of estrogen binding sites in both pre-thymectomy PBMC and lymphoid cells from the hyperplastic thymuses of the MG patients. A sucrose density gradient analysis revealed that the estrogen was binding to macromolecular species similar to those characterized in cytosols from classical estrogen target organs. A post-thymectomy time-dependent decrease of the estrogen binding capacity was also observed in PBMC, reaching levels similar to that of sex- and age-matched controls. PMID- 3493350 TI - The epidemiology of the DSM-III psychosexual dysfunctions. AB - The findings of 22 general population sex surveys are reanalyzed to assess the prevalence and distribution of the Psychosexual Dysfunctions as defined by DSM III. Methodological shortcomings of the studies and problems with utilizing data originally collected for other purposes are discussed. Prevalence is estimated to be: Inhibited Female Orgasm, 5-30 + %; Inhibited Male Orgasm, 5%; Premature Ejaculation, 35%; Inhibited Sexual Excitement, 10-20% for men, indeterminate for women; Inhibited Sexual Desire, 1-15% for men, 1-35% for women. The author discusses the usefulness of epidemiological data for clinical, research, and public health undertakings. PMID- 3493351 TI - Control of burn wound sepsis: a comparison of in vitro topical antimicrobial assays. AB - The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Nathan's Agar Well Diffusion (NAWD) tests are bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility predictors. Some suggest that the NAWD is not as reliable as the MIC test. We compared the MIC and NAWD tests as to how well they agree to bacterial sensitivity or resistance and predicted clinical outcome of burn wound infections. Using 65 bacterial isolates from burned patients, the MIC and NAWD tests agreed in 60.0% of the isolates (vs. a perfect agreement of 100%, p less than 0.001), implying that these tests are not interchangeable. From 18 burned patients treated with nitrofurazone or mafenide acetate, 28 infectious isolates were evaluated. The outcome of these infections was correctly predicted by NAWD in 92.8% and the MIC in 72.0% of the cases (p less than 0.05). It seems that for burns treated with topical antimicrobials, the NAWD is a more reliable predictor of bacterial susceptibility. PMID- 3493354 TI - Use of a bleeding time determination in the evaluation of unexplained hematuria. AB - Although von Willebrand's disease is an unusual cause of gross hematuria in children, it is readily treatable with fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate. We present 2 cases of recurrent, painless gross hematuria owing to this congenital factor VIII deficiency disorder. In each case the diagnosis was suggested first by the finding of a prolonged bleeding time. We suggest that the bleeding time determination be included as part of the screening hemostatic studies used in the evaluation of unexplained hematuria. PMID- 3493352 TI - Myristylation is required for intracellular transport but not for assembly of D type retrovirus capsids. AB - The role of myristylation, a fatty acid modification of nascent polypeptides, in the assembly and intracellular transport of D-type retroviral capsids was investigated through the use of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Myristic acid is normally esterified through an amide linkage to a glycine residue at the amino terminus of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus gag gene products. Mutant pA-1, which has a codon for valine substituted for that of the normally myristylated glycine, is completely noninfectious. While the mutant gag polyprotein precursors are synthesized at normal levels, they are not myristylated and are not cleaved to the mature virion proteins. No extracellular virus particles are released from mutant pA-1-infected cells, but intracytoplasmic A-type particles (capsids) accumulate in the cytoplasm. Since none of the intracellular capsids can be found associated with the plasma membrane, these results strongly suggest that myristylation is a critical signal for intracytoplasmic transport of completed viral capsids to their normal site of budding and release. PMID- 3493355 TI - Aegyptianella ranarum sp. n. (Rickettsiales, Anaplasmataceae): ultrastructure and prevalence in frogs from Ontario. AB - Aegyptianella ranarum sp. n. (Rickettsiales, Anaplasmataceae) was recorded from bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana Shaw), green frogs (Rana clamitans Latreille) and mink frogs (Rana septentrionalis Baird) from five sites in southern Ontario. The rickettsia occurs within membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes with up to 120 organisms in mature inclusions. The pattern of replication of A. ranarum in host erythrocytes and its prevalence over a 3-yr period in frogs from Algonquin Park, Ontario are discussed. PMID- 3493353 TI - Anti-influenza virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the three viral polymerases and a nonstructural protein: responsiveness to individual viral antigens is major histocompatibility complex controlled. AB - It has recently been shown that antiviral major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes can recognize proteins that serve as internal viral structural components (influenza A virus nucleoprotein, vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsid protein). To further examine the role of internal viral proteins in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition, we constructed recombinant vaccinia viruses containing individual influenza A virus genes encoding three viral polymerases (PB1, PB2, PA) and a protein not incorporated into virions (NS1). We found that cells infected with each of these recombinant vaccinia viruses could be lysed by anti-influenza cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responsiveness to the individual viral antigens varied greatly between mouse strains. By using congenic mouse strains, responsiveness to PB1 and PB2 was found to cosegregate with major histocompatibility complex haplotype. These findings provide further evidence that internal antigens play a critical role in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition of virus-infected cells. Additionally, they suggest that the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to viral antigens may often be restricted to only a fraction of the major histocompatibility complex class I repertoire. PMID- 3493357 TI - Interleukin 2 therapy for disseminated cancer. PMID- 3493356 TI - Estimated effects of a delay in the recommended vaccination schedule for diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine. AB - The occurrence of adverse events temporally associated with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) has led to consideration of a delay in the schedule of initial vaccination. We developed an inferential model estimating the changes in pertussis- and DTP-associated health outcomes that might occur if initial DTP administration were delayed from 2, 4, and 6 months to 8, 10, and 12 months of age. An additional 636 cases of pertussis--115 of which would be associated with complications, including two encephalopathies--were projected to occur under the proposed as compared to the current schedule. Adverse medical events attributable to the vaccine were assumed to remain unchanged following the change in schedule. We projected 353 fewer chance associations with sudden infant death syndrome but 1311 more chance associations between DTP and seizures. These estimates suggest that the current schedule of vaccinating infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age is casually associated with less morbidity and should be continued. PMID- 3493358 TI - [Mechanism of hypotension caused by fentanyl-diazepam interaction]. PMID- 3493359 TI - Hypotensive effects of a calcium antagonist, bepridil, in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The short and long term hypotensive effects of oral administration of bepridil were investigated in 26 patients with essential hypertension. A new calcium antagonist, bepridil inhibits the ion influx through sodium and potassium channels as well as calcium channels by directly affecting these channels. The drug (150 mg) rapidly decreased blood pressure (BP) from 157 +/- 12/97 +/- 8 to 137 +/- 10/86 +/- 8 mmHg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) and heart rate (HR) from 64 +/- 5 to 58 +/- 4 beats/min (p less than 0.01) (n = 6) in 2 hours. Long term administration of 150 mg bepridil daily (50 mg t.d.s.) decreased BP from 169 +/- 6/104 +/- 8 to 143 +/- 14/83 +/- 7 mmHg (p less than 0.001), but did not change HR (66 +/- 4 and 67 +/- 5 beats/min, before and after administration) (n = 9). Bepridil at 300 mg (100 mg t.d.s.) decreased BP from 172 +/- 15/105 +/- 8 to 146 +/- 11/88 +/- 4 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and HR from 76 +/- 11 to 70 +/- 8 beats/min (p less than 0.01) (n = 9). No side effects were observed. In conclusion, the hypotensive and negative chronotropic actions of bepridil are beneficial in the short and long term treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 3493360 TI - [An autopsy case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with gastric cancer]. PMID- 3493361 TI - [CSF (colony stimulating factor)-producing renal cell carcinoma: a case report]. PMID- 3493363 TI - [Association of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 3493362 TI - [A case of T-cell type chronic lymphocytic leukemia terminating in blast crisis]. PMID- 3493365 TI - [Immunity in AIDS]. PMID- 3493364 TI - [Structure of the AIDS virus and mechanism of its lymphocytopathic effect]. PMID- 3493366 TI - [AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 3493368 TI - [Instrumentation physics in medicine: utilization of photon time-of-flight information in positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3493367 TI - [A hematological and serological evaluation of Japanese homosexual men]. PMID- 3493369 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in chronic hemodialysis patients in Japan- nationwide questionnaire study and review of case reports. PMID- 3493370 TI - [Improvement on image quality of single photon ECT with converging collimator system]. PMID- 3493372 TI - [Evaluation of regional cerebral circulation and metabolism in moyamoya disease using positron emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3493373 TI - [Evaluation of factor analysis using cardiac phantoms and mathematical models]. PMID- 3493371 TI - [Accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in ischemic myocardium. I. Comparison with myocardial perfusion at rest and during exercise]. PMID- 3493374 TI - [Assessment of right atrial (RA) and ventricular (RV) function by Kr-81m gated blood pool scan--RA and RV pressure-volume loops with simultaneous pressure data]. PMID- 3493375 TI - [Dynamic single photon emission computed tomography using Tl-201 with exercise loading]. PMID- 3493376 TI - [Diagnostic reliability of 201Tl myocardial emission computed tomography and Frank vectorcardiography for the evaluation of myocardial infarct sites]. PMID- 3493377 TI - [Scintigraphy of cerebral blood flow with N-isopropyl-p-(I-123)-iodoamphetamine in brain tumors]. PMID- 3493378 TI - [Evaluation of aortocoronary bypass graft patency by intravenous digital subtraction angiography]. PMID- 3493379 TI - [Emergency aortocoronary bypass surgery after intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3493380 TI - [A case of A-C bypass with protamine hypersensitivity]. PMID- 3493381 TI - [1,686 consecutive prostatectomies at 8 national hospitals]. PMID- 3493383 TI - [Ankylosing spondylarthritis in girls]. PMID- 3493382 TI - Sequential study of the IgA system in relapsing IgA nephropathy. AB - Cellular and immunochemical parameters of the IgA system were studied in 15 subjects with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and 15 agematched controls. In IgAN remission no abnormalities of the IgA system were detectable by the methods used. In IgAN relapse, [macroscopic hematuria associated with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (N = 6)] there were rises in IgA-bearing B-lymphocytes (three of six), T helper/suppressor cell ratio (six of six) and pokeweed mitogen-induced IgA production (four of six). Total serum and salivary IgA were unchanged. Serum IgA profile (HPLC-ELISA) showed increases in polymer IgA (three of six). No such changes were found during URTI in controls. These findings support the view that an exaggerated IgA response to mucosal antigen challenge initiates glomerular damage and hematuria in IgAN. PMID- 3493385 TI - [Operative selective venography in experimental portal hypertension]. PMID- 3493384 TI - [Epidemiologic studies of accidents and emergencies in infants and children]. PMID- 3493386 TI - [Systemic and regional changes in the immunologic indicators in patients with thromboangiitis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 3493388 TI - Coronary bypass surgery after thrombolytic therapy for total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. PMID- 3493389 TI - Hormonal regulation of an estramustine-binding protein in the submaxillary gland of the rat. AB - An estramustine binding protein, in many aspects similar to the prostatic secretion protein (PSP), has partly been characterized in the submaxillary gland of the male rat. The [3H]estramustine-macromolecule complex is found in the void volume of a Sephadex G 200 column, indicating a Stokes radius larger than 52 A. The estramustine binding protein is bound to Concanavalin-A, indicating a glycoprotein structure. Like PSP, the macromolecule complex that is bound to Concanavalin-A inhibits the binding of the androgen-receptor complex to DNA cellulose. The concentration of the protein is decreased following testectomy or estrogen treatment but can be restored to normal values following testosterone administration. These results strongly indicate that the estramustine binding macromolecule in the submaxillary gland belongs to the same group of proteins as PSP. We have earlier proposed a role for PSP as an intracellular regulator of androgen activity. Based on these new results it is tempting to speculate that androgen sensitive glycoproteins may act in the same way in all androgen sensitive tissues. PMID- 3493387 TI - Ciamexone, a highly selective immunomodulator--a tool for autoimmune diseases? AB - Both organ-specific diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus as well as non organ-specific disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis are thought to be autoimmune in origin. Both T-cell and B-cell mediated immune responses are involved in these diseases. More or less specific immunosuppressants are therefore widely used drugs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases which, however, suppress the immune reactions not only against autoantigens but also against foreign antigens. Cyclosporine (Cyclosporin A) has been a tremendous step forward in a more specific direction but it creates problems in the long term treatment of autoimmune diseases due to the impairment of immune reactions against foreign antigens as well as to compound specific side effects. Ciamexone, a new highly selective immunomodulator, might be an interesting new approach in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The compound has had effect in different experimental autoimmune situations such as the diabetic BB-rat and experimentally induced arthritis in mice or rats. The compound does not show antiproliferative activity on T-lymphocytes or B-lymphocytes. The immune response against foreign antigens, e.g. foreign major histocompatibility complex, viral or fungal antigens is not impaired. On the other hand, however, Ciamexone suppresses the antibody production in different animal systems. It is likely that Ciamexone exhibits its immunosuppressive property via the induction of regulating mechanisms. Due to its remarkably good tolerance, Ciamexone has been used in first pilot trials in different human autoimmune situations such as rheumatoid arthritis and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493390 TI - A reappraisal of surgical intervention for acute myocardial infarction. AB - Eighty-three patients underwent coronary artery bypass during acute evolving myocardial infarction 6.8 +/- 2.8 hours after the onset of symptoms. Linear discriminant analysis of preoperative variables identified predictors of mortality with an accuracy of 84%. Significant predictors in decreasing order of importance were cardiogenic shock, age over 65 years, left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 0.30, cardiac index less than or equal to 2.0 L/min/m2, and absent collateral flow. Time to reperfusion did not influence outcome nor did the infarct-related artery. Hospital mortality was 15.6% (13/83). Among 51 low-risk patients under 65 years of age without cardiogenic shock, there were three deaths (5.9%). Follow-up angiography was performed in 21 patients. The graft patency rate was 94%. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 0.39 +/- 0.10 to 0.49 +/- 0.11 (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular end-systolic volume decreased from 53.2 +/- 19.3 ml/m2 to 41.4 +/- 16.8 ml/m2 (p less than 0.05), and end-diastolic volume remained unchanged: 86.2 +/- 21.2 ml/m2 before operation and 78.7 +/- 24.0 ml/m2 after operation (no significant difference). Regional ejection fraction of the infarct area, determined by the centerline method, increased 0.23 +/- 0.15. In contrast, among 215 patients treated by nonsurgical reperfusion (intracoronary thrombolysis or angioplasty, or both), mortality was 13.5%. In this group, reperfusion was successful in 144 patients (67%) and 89 underwent follow-up angiography. Persistent patency of the infarct artery was demonstrated in 73 (82%). Ejection fraction increased from 0.45 +/- 0.10 to 0.50 +/- 0.15 (p less than 0.05). We conclude that preoperative variables enable identification of patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction in whom coronary artery bypass is associated with low operative mortality and improved ventricular performance. PMID- 3493391 TI - The significance of bundle branch block in the immediate postoperative electrocardiograms of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. AB - Three hundred sixteen consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass were studied for postoperative electrocardiographic conduction disturbances. Fifty five of these 316 patients had postoperative bundle branch block (Group 1). This group had a higher incidence of left main coronary stenosis, together with previous inferior myocardial infarction, than patients without postoperative conduction disturbances (Group 2). Perioperative myocardial infarction, low cardiac output, and death were significantly more common in Group 1 than in Group 2: 7.3% versus 1.9% for perioperative myocardial infarction, 16.4% versus 2.7% for low cardiac output, and 5.5% versus 0.8% for death. Analysis of the type of conduction disturbances indicates that the presence of a new complete left bundle branch block postoperatively in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass is a sign of intraoperative myocardial damage. This damage is potentially lethal, especially in a patient with left main coronary stenosis and previous inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 3493392 TI - Injury to the left coronary artery during repair of tetralogy of Fallot: successful aorta-coronary polytetrafluoroethylene graft. AB - Inadvertent transection of an anomalous left coronary artery, which originated from the right coronary artery, occurred during repair of tetralogy of Fallot in a 2-year-old child. An aorta-coronary bypass graft was constructed with a size 4 polytetrafluoroethylene conduit. Early recatheterization showed patency of the polytetrafluoroethylene graft, but a myocardial scintiscan done 3 months after operation demonstrated reduced perfusion of the areas supplied by the left coronary system. Preoperative aortography or selective coronary angiography is mandatory to avoid this potentially lethal complication. Future surgical options are discussed. PMID- 3493393 TI - Multiple chromosome abnormalities in a drug resistant TdT positive B-cell leukemia. AB - A 17-year old caucasian male presented with B-cell acute leukemia which proved aggressive and refractory to treatment. Cytogenic investigation showed a single clone with a complex karyotype 49,XY,del(2)(p13),+4,del(4)(p11), 6,+i(6)(p),+7,+8, t(8;14), (q24;q32),del(17)(p11). This includes the Burkitt's translocation and a deletion at the site of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene. Clonal evolution included tetraploidy, duplication of the derived chromosomes and, terminally, trisomy 1q. Immunological investigation revealed a monoclonal population of B-cell blasts, expressing the kappa light chain, and with an extremely rare combination of SIg and TdT positivity. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement confirmed monoclonalility. Tetraploidy of the clone and del(17)(p11) have been previously described only in a cell line or at end stage disease in B-ALL. It is suggested that the chromosomal abnormalities present at diagnosis were directly related to the refractory nature of this leukemia. PMID- 3493394 TI - Reduced natural killer activity in patients with Fanconi's anemia and in family members. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity was measured in the peripheral blood of a family with Fanconi's anemia (FA) and compared to normal controls. One of two children with FA, and 6 of 11 family members had reduced NK activity (less than 30% with an E:T ratio of 25:1) compared to none of 40 controls (p less than 0.001). On retesting 5 of 8 family members and both children with FA had reduced endogenous NK activity compared to 0 of 5 controls (p less than 0.02). The number of NK cells determined by Leu 11b antibody was not reduced in any of the family members. Augmentation with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and alpha interferon (IFN) in those with low endogenous activity was variable. Three demonstrated no response to the 2 immunomodulators, while the 4 others increased to low normal levels. We conclude that some patients with FA and their apparently healthy relatives have reduced NK activity, which appears to be secondary to an intrinsic cell defect. PMID- 3493396 TI - A Turbo Pascal program for on line spike data acquisition and analysis using a standard serial port. AB - A Turbo Pascal program for data acquisition and analysis is presented. The program detects incoming data as TTL pulses through the serial port of an IBM-PC and compatible computers and displays the instantaneous frequency plot and the interval histogram on-line. Novel features of this Pascal program are: no special hardware requirements and on-line analysis of more than one source at a time. No hardware additions to the supplied computer and easy operation make this program a valuable tool, directly useable in an IBM-PC and compatible computers. PMID- 3493395 TI - The influence in vivo of natural murine interleukin-3 on the proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells in mice recovering from sublethal dosages of cyclophosphamide. AB - Purified natural murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) was assessed for its effects in vivo in mice pretreated 7 days earlier with a sublethal dosage of cyclophosphamide. The multipotential (CFU-GEMM), erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU GM) progenitor cells in these mice were in a slowly- or non-cycling state. Three hours after the i.v. administration of 200 units IL-3 into these mice, the hematopoietic progenitor cells in the marrow and spleen were placed into rapid cell-cycle. At this time, no effects were noted on marrow or spleen nucleated cellularity, numbers of progenitor cells per organ, or peripheral blood counts. No endotoxin was detected in the IL-3 preparation, by Limulus lysate assay. Treatment of IL-3 in vitro at 100 degrees C for 20 min partially decreased its colony stimulating activity in vitro and completely inactivated its proliferation stimulating effects in vivo. These findings suggest that the effects of IL-3 in vivo were not due to contaminating endotoxin or to a non-specific protein effect. These studies do not allow us to conclude whether the effects of IL-3 in vivo are directly on the progenitors and/or are indirect effects mediated by accessory cells. PMID- 3493398 TI - [Prevalence of generalized lupus erythematosus in a psychiatric population]. PMID- 3493397 TI - Signal processing technique to extract neuronal activity from noise. AB - A method of extracting extracellularly recorded action potentials from background electronic noise is described. Segments of traces containing stimulus-induced activity are Fourier transformed and the increase in the total power density over that of control noise segments is used as a measure of stimulus-induced neuronal activity. We show first, with observations from the amphibian visual system and mammalian auditory system, that our technique yields similar quantitative information to that obtained from the conventional spike counting method when the recording arrangement is optimal. Moreover, the size and centre of a visual receptive field can be determined even when the evoked action potentials are buried in the background noise. To investigate the potential of this technique further, we have used it to study the auditory responses in the amphibian midbrain. The power spectral density, we demonstrate here, is proportional to the stimulus intensity over a wide range, and varies systematically with stimulus frequency and the direction of sound source. Other possible applications of this technique, together with the theoretical basis for it, are discussed. PMID- 3493399 TI - [Osteocalcin in Paget's disease of bone: evidence of its reuse in new bone formation]. PMID- 3493400 TI - [Osteocalcin]. PMID- 3493401 TI - [Basal serum osteocalcin in diseases associated with changes in bone metabolism]. PMID- 3493402 TI - Naloxone attenuation of the effect of cocaine on rewarding brain stimulation. AB - Antagonism of the threshold lowering effect of cocaine for brain stimulation reward by naloxone was investigated. Rats with bipolar electrodes implanted in either the median forebrain bundle (MFB) or the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were trained on a rate-independent threshold procedure. Effective threshold lowering doses of cocaine (10-15 mg/kg i.p.) were determined for each subject. A moderate dose of naloxone (4 mg/kg i.p.) effectively blocked the threshold lowering action of the cocaine. Lower (2 mg/kg) and higher (8 mg/kg) doses of naloxone attenuated but did not completely block the cocaine effect. These results provide further evidence for a catecholamine/endogenous opioid interaction in central reward. PMID- 3493403 TI - Anti-inflammatory drug intake and the risk of ulcer complications. AB - Over the years conflicting data have been produced suggesting that the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation associated with anti-inflammatory drug intake could be negligible or substantial. Opinions have diverged for a number of reasons. Data concerning the use of aspirin have generally failed to include adequate controls or to distinguish analgesic intake which might be causal from that which might be consequential upon the presence of the bleeding lesion. When proper allowance is made, it seems likely that about one-third of aspirin intake in patients with bleeding is equivalent to that in controls and is by deduction non-causal; a further one-third by reference to parallel increases in paracetamol (acetaminophen) intake is non-causal but consequential upon the presence of the bleeding lesion. The remaining one-third is unexplained and likely to be causal. The importance of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NANSAID) intake has likewise been disputed. Opinions have conflicted because evidence has not generally been available from case-control studies but has been obtained either from simple case series or from the results of post-marketing surveillance. By formal case-control studies it has been possible to show that the risks of ulcer complications in individuals over the age of 60 are appreciable. These risks have not been detected during post marketing surveillance because the apparently large case series studied during surveillance are dwarfed by the general extent of prescribing, and because elderly people may be particularly at risk and surveillance has not concentrated on this group. PMID- 3493404 TI - Suicide among the elderly--the Metro-Dade County experience, 1981-83. PMID- 3493405 TI - [Use of electric stimulation for activating the process of bone consolidation]. AB - A method of electrostimulation aimed at activation of bone adhesion processes was developed and introduced into practice at the Latvian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics on the basis of data on bone bioelectric activity. The method was used in complex with external fixation of the fracture by Kalnbers' apparatus. The phase pattern of callus formation necessitated the employment of the appropriate potential of direct current. Cyclic potentials similar to piezopotentials of a normal bone in cyclic physiological load were used in the phase of functional reorganization. Positive results were achieved in 88.4% of 79 patients. PMID- 3493406 TI - [Medico-technological aspects of the electric stimulation of respiration]. AB - Clinical results of electric stimulation of respiration in postoperative period by the and respiration electrostimulators are presented in the article. A significant improvement of the function of external respiration and of ventilation of separate lobes of the lungs were observed during the postoperative period after application of these types of stimulators. An experimental research of the influence of different types of pulsed stimulation modulation on the smoothness of inhalation was carried out. A conclusion was drawn about the efficacy of applying in respiratory stimulators of the amplitude/frequency pulse modulation with regulated frequency of impulses that ranged from the "toothed" to the "smoothed" tetanus domain. PMID- 3493408 TI - [Status and prospects of electrical stimulation of organs and tissues]. PMID- 3493407 TI - [Development of a specialized electrostimulator for use in obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - A specialized electrouterostimulator, Uteroton-1, was created on the basis of research and clinical studies of electrostimulation methods for treatment of gynaecological and postpartum disorders. It is intended for application in obstetrics and gynaecology for prophylaxis and treatment of dysfunctional and postpartum hemorrhages. The efficiency of application of the stimulator was confirmed by results of clinical tests. PMID- 3493409 TI - [Experience in developing experimental devices for the multichannel electric stimulation of neuromuscular structures]. AB - Multichannel electrostimulators are used for electrostimulation of some groups of muscles. A number of requirements should be borne in mind when designing such devices: the structure of the signals for multichannel electrostimulation must be physiological; the interaction between the channels must be eliminated; the energy of the electrostimulation must be measured; the impedance of the electrode skin system must be stabilized; a method of electrode electrostimulation, not involving wetting, is to be developed. PMID- 3493410 TI - [Experience in using the Endotone-1, EAS-6-1, ESMP-15-1 and Delta-101 electrostimulators in treating stress urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 3493411 TI - [The Delta-102 2-channel electrostimulator for pain relief]. AB - Delta-102 two-channel electrostimulator for pain relief was created on the basis of tests and clinical application of analgetic percutaneous electrostimulation (APES). It extended the indications to APES application in surgery and increased the efficiency of treatment. PMID- 3493412 TI - [The ELIMAN-401 analgesic transcutaneous electrostimulator with automatic adjustment of the length of the stimulus]. AB - The authors describe the design of a new electrostimulator for intraoperative and postoperative anesthesia and relief of neurological and traumatological pain. The main technical characteristics and results of clinical tests are presented. PMID- 3493413 TI - [Soviet-Bulgarian scientific and technological cooperation in the creation and manufacture of electric stimulation equipment]. PMID- 3493414 TI - Serositis with autoimmune endocrinopathy: clinical and immunogenetic features. AB - Twenty patients with autoimmune endocrinopathies experienced 45 episodes of pleural and/or pericardial serositis. Seventeen of these patients were women and 15 had clinical or serologic evidence of 2 or more endocrinopathies. Idiopathic primary hypoadrenalism (10 cases), Graves' disease (8 cases), Hashimoto's disease (4 cases), atrophic thyroiditis with hypothyroidism (3 cases), idiopathic primary hypogonadism (3 cases), transient thyroiditides (2 cases), and type I diabetes mellitus (1 case) were diagnosed at a mean age of 24 years. Serositis recurred after asymptomatic intervals of months to years even in patients treated for endocrine dysfunction. Fourteen of 16 Caucasians had circulating immune complexes, including all 9 patients with a C4AQ0 (C4A null) phenotype and including all 12 patients with HLA antigens B8 and DR3, antigens associated with systemic lupus and with autoimmune endocrinopathies. Serositides associated with autoimmune endocrinopathies can occur with chest pain, fever, and exudative effusions in young Caucasian women with the HLA B8 DR3 C4AQ0 phenotype. These serositides may have a common pathophysiologic mechanism. PMID- 3493416 TI - Cytolytic T-cell clones and hybridomas. PMID- 3493415 TI - Cytolytic activity mediated by T lymphocytes. PMID- 3493417 TI - Quantitative cytotoxic assay using a Coulter counter. PMID- 3493418 TI - Bioluminescent assays of estrogens. PMID- 3493419 TI - Intractable angina pectoris: management with dorsal column stimulation. AB - This case report gives the first published description of the use of dorsal column stimulation in the management of a patient with intractable angina pectoris that was unresponsive to maximal medical therapy, who was unsuitable for coronary artery revascularization surgery. PMID- 3493422 TI - Gonococcal eye infection in the elderly. PMID- 3493420 TI - Dual-photon bone densitometry in normal Australian women: a cross-sectional study. AB - Osteoporosis is a major health problem in Australia, as it is in most Western societies. Bone mineral density in the spine and femoral neck are accurate indicators of osteopenia and thus useful indicators of the risk of a fracture. Dual-photon absorptiometry is a non-invasive technique that allows the accurate quantitation of bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae and proximal femur with a low radiation exposure. The increasing availability of this technique dictates the requirement for "normal" ranges and quality control. We report here lumbar vertebral and proximal femur bone mineral density as measured by dual photon absorptiometry in 179 normal Australian women. Forearm bone mineral content in these subjects, as measured by single-photon absorptiometry, is also presented. There was a relative stability of lumbar bone mineral density and forearm bone mineral content before the menopause, after which there was an age related decline. On the other hand, bone mineral density at all three sites in the proximal femur showed an age-related decline throughout adult life. Intraoperator variability in calculated bone mineral density did not exceed 2.3%. The requirement for correct positioning of the patient is illustrated. The data allow statistical analysis and the development of normal ranges. They provide an Australian base against which individual patient values can now be compared. PMID- 3493421 TI - Is there a place for forearm osteodensitometry in clinical screening studies? AB - In order to evaluate forearm osteodensitometry for its potential to detect subjects with a low spinal mineral content and/or vertebral fractures, single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and estimations of spinal mineral content by computed tomography were performed in 124 normal and abnormal subjects. Eighty one per cent (22/27) of patients with vertebral crush fractures had a low spinal mineral content. In contrast, among 64 apparently normal individuals, six patients (four women, two men; 9.4%) had a low spinal mineral content. Forearm osteodensitometry showed a significant positive correlation with spinal mineral content. A forearm value in women in excess of 35 arbitrary units was associated with a spinal value of 75.1-mg equivalent dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) or above in 29/31 cases. A forearm value in women of 28.5 arbitrary units or lower was associated with a spinal value of 75-mg equivalent K2HPO4 or less in 20/24 subjects. While of no predictive value for the spine in patients with intermediate readings, forearm osteodensitometry is nevertheless considered a useful screening procedure for spinal osteoporosis. PMID- 3493423 TI - [Immune phenomena in autoimmune hyperthyroidism and their pathophysiologic and diagnostic value]. PMID- 3493425 TI - Targeting of cytotoxic cells with cross-linked antibody heteroaggregates. PMID- 3493424 TI - Definition of discrete signals involved in human T-cell activation. AB - Mitogenic activities of monoclonal antibodies directed at defined receptor structures expressed on the surface of mature human T lymphocytes were employed to study, in detail, signals involved in primary T-cell activation. Based on differential requirements for stimulation, two discrete pathways of human T-cell activation can be defined: the antigen-induced mode of activation initiated through the Ti-T3 antigen-receptor complex and an alternative pathway which can be triggered by monoclonal antibodies directed at the T11 glycoprotein. Perhaps more importantly, the approach taken here allows the definition of stable intermediate cellular stages within the activation cascade and, thus, to analyze the signalling capabilities of individual receptor molecules. PMID- 3493426 TI - Generation of targets for alloreactive CTL using purified H-2Kk in liposomes and polyethylene glycol. AB - The ability of a purified major histocompatibility antigen to serve as the target cell antigen for alloreactive CTL (H-2d anti-H-2k) was examined. Tumor cells syngeneic with responding CTL were used as targets following modification with purified alloantigen (H-2Kk). A short incubation of tumor cells with H-2Kk liposomes followed by the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) yielded modified tumor cells that were recognized and lysed by CTL. The macrophage-like cell line P388D1 was readily recognized following liposome and PEG modification; apparently because these cells can withstand PEG mediated insertion of H-2Kk and lipid into their membrane. The generation of targets by PEG mediated modification was most efficient using liposomes prepared with an H-2Kk:lipid ratio of about 1:500. H 2Kk containing liposomes prepared with negatively charged phospholipids readily attached to P388D1 cells, however these cells were not targets for CTL unless PEG was added. The specificity of CTL recognition and lysis of liposome modified cells was shown by the reactivity of CTL primed against alloantigens other than H 2Kk and by antibody (anti-H-2Kk) blocking of recognition and lysis. These results demonstrate that purified H-2Kk can serve as the alloantigen for CTL lysis and suggest that the H-2 must be oriented in the target cell lipid bilayer to serve as the alloantigen for CTL mediated target cell lysis. PMID- 3493427 TI - Protein A vectorized toxins--I. Preparation and properties of protein A-ricin toxin conjugates. AB - Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (mol. wt 43,000) was covalently bound to ricin toxin (mol. wt 60,000) by N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate. The conjugate consisting of one molecule of protein A bound to one molecule of ricin toxin (mol. wt 100,000) was purified by successive affinity chromatographies on IgG-Sepharose 4B and ConA-Sepharose 4B. The purified protein A-ricin toxin conjugate was able to bind and kill IgG antibody coated leukemia EL4 cells leaving unaffected EL4 cells not coated with antibody. The cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugate was comparable to that of nonconjugated ricin toxin. The results recommend the use of protein A-ricin toxin conjugate as a "universal" specific toxin for the "in vitro" killing of various antibody-coated target cells. PMID- 3493428 TI - [Pasini and Pierini idiopathic and progressive atrophoderma in childhood]. AB - In an eleven year old girl Atrophodermia idiopathica et progressiva Pasini et Pierini, a rare variety of localised scleroderma developed within six months as well outlined, reddish-brown, patchy lesions without induration on her right side. The histological examination revealed perivascular inflammatory infiltrations in all corium layers, and discrete sclerosis radiating into fat tissue cells. The levels of antinuclear antibodies and C-reactive protein were both elevated. During intravenous therapy with penicillin G the skin alterations faded but did not disappear. PMID- 3493430 TI - The effect of isometric short-term electrical stimulation on denervated muscle. AB - Electrical stimulation was applied daily for 20 minutes to denervated rabbit extensor digitorum longus muscle. One group was stimulated with short tetani, another with 1-Hz frequency, using isometric contractions for both. Tetanic stimulation induced severe fibrosis and is harmful to denervated muscle. One Hertz stimulation retarded denervation-induced fatigue and atrophy, as well as slowing of contraction time. PMID- 3493429 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in fibroblasts and lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies have been measured in lymphocytes and fibroblasts of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and healthy controls, and in lymphocytes of control patients with serum anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) but no other disease manifestations of SLE. The SCEs of SLE lymphocytes were higher than those of the controls but the SCEs of the SLE fibroblasts did not differ from those of the controls. The SCEs of the controls with positive ANA did not differ significantly from those of the healthy controls. There was no correlation between SCE frequencies of the SLE lymphocytes and disease activity determined by many clinical and laboratory measurements. Primary and secondary DNA-repair defects in SLE cells are considered. PMID- 3493431 TI - An immunodeficiency characterized by impaired antibody responses to polysaccharides. PMID- 3493432 TI - A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone. AB - We studied the effects of adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells plus interleukin-2 or therapy with high-dose interleukin-2 alone in 157 patients with metastatic cancer for whom standard therapy had proved ineffective or no standard effective treatment was available. One hundred eight patients were treated with 127 courses of LAK cells plus interleukin-2, and 49 patients were treated with 53 courses of high-dose interleukin-2 alone. Of 106 evaluable patients receiving LAK cells plus interleukin-2, 8 had complete responses, 15 had partial responses, and 10 had minor responses. The median duration of response was 10 months among those with complete responses and 6 months among those with partial responses; the patient with the longest complete response was still in remission 22 months after treatment. Of 46 evaluable patients treated with high-dose interleukin-2 alone, 1 had a complete response (remission greater than 4 months), 5 had partial responses (2, greater than 3, greater than 5, 7, and greater than 11 months), and 1 had a minor response. Seven of the total of nine complete responses still remain in remission. Hypotension, weight gain, oliguria, and elevation of bilirubin and creatinine levels were common, but these side effects resolved promptly after interleukin-2 administration was stopped. There have been four treatment-related deaths among these 157 patients. This immunotherapeutic approach can result in marked tumor regression in some patients for whom no other effective therapy is available at present. Determining its ultimate role in cancer therapy awaits further attempts to increase the therapeutic efficacy of treatment and decrease its toxicity and complexity. PMID- 3493434 TI - Immunotherapy of cancer: the end of the beginning? PMID- 3493433 TI - Constant-infusion recombinant interleukin-2 in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer. AB - Adoptive immunotherapy involving bolus-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) has been reported to induce tumor regression in some patients with cancer, but has been associated with severe fluid retention and cardiopulmonary stress. In an effort to preserve the efficacy but reduce the toxicity of this treatment, we used escalating doses of rIL-2 as a constant infusion rather than as a bolus dose. Forty-eight patients with advanced cancer received rIL-2 as a 24-hour infusion in five-day cycles separated by five-day periods of rest and leukapheresis. Eight patients were removed from the study before receiving cells activated in vitro. In the 40 who could be evaluated for their response, there were 13 partial responses (32.5 percent) and 2 minor responses. Partial responses were observed in Hodgkin's disease (one of one), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (one of one), lung cancer (one of five), ovarian cancer (one of one), parotid cancer (one of two), renal cancer (three of six), and melanoma (five of ten). Responses were associated with a good performance status, a base-line lymphocyte count above 1400 per cubic millimeter, and an rIL-2-induced lymphocyte count of at least 6000. Optimal lymphocytosis required a priming dose of rIL-2 of 3 X 10(6) U per square meter of body-surface area per day, and 15 of 28 patients receiving this priming dose responded to treatment. A weight gain of more than 10 percent of total body weight (five patients) and dyspnea at rest (six patients) were unusual events restricted to patients with poorer pretreatment performance. We conclude that the administration of rIL-2 as a constant infusion may preserve the antineoplastic activity of adoptive immunotherapy while increasing the safety and comfort of patients. PMID- 3493435 TI - Interleukin-2 production and type I diabetes. PMID- 3493436 TI - Positively darwinian molecules? PMID- 3493437 TI - Accelerated evolution in the reactive centre regions of serine protease inhibitors. AB - The serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a family of proteins that function to control the action of serine proteases in many diverse physiological processes. The functional region or reactive centre of these inhibitors is near the C-terminal end and is an exposed site that acts as a bait for the appropriate serine protease to recognize and covalently bind. The specificity of the inhibitor is determined, at least in part, by a single amino acid that resides in this region at the P1 position. We show here that following a gene duplication event the reactive centres of three related rodent protease inhibitors have diverged from each other at unprecedented rates. This has resulted in proteins with different predicted specificities and we postulate that these changes were fixed by positive darwinian selection and that the most likely selective forces are extrinsic proteases, namely those used by parasites to facilitate their spread throughout the host. PMID- 3493438 TI - Genetic linkage between X-chromosome markers and bipolar affective illness. AB - A pedigree study shows close linkage of bipolar affective illness (manic depression) to the X-chromosome markers colour blindness and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The maximum lod score ranges from 7.52 (assuming homogeneity) to 9.17 (assuming heterogeneity); that is, the odds in favour of linkage range between 3 X 10(7) to 1 and 10(9) to 1. These results provide confirmation that a major psychiatric disorder can be caused by a single genetic defect. As a possible first step in characterizing the primary genetic abnormality, this finding may have important implications for the aetiology, nosology, pathophysiology and, possibly, prevention and treatment of bipolar affective disorder. It also provides a means for identifying and characterizing homogeneous populations of patients and may help in clarifying aetiological heterogeneity. PMID- 3493440 TI - Anti-idiotypes in B-cell tumor therapy. AB - Thirteen patients with B-cell lymphomas were treated with mouse monoclonal anti idiotype antibodies. All but 1 of the patients in this study had received extensive prior treatment with conventional therapy for lymphoma. The treatment protocol initially included an escalating dose schedule which was intended to help us evaluate toxicity and pharmacokinetics and, eventually, to achieve appreciable levels of free mouse antibody in the circulation. The last 4 patients received substantial initial doses. Tumor sampling was performed before and during therapy for evaluation of tissue penetration by antibody. Patients received antibodies of gamma 1, 2a, or 2b isotype. None of the patients had serum paraproteins by routine clinical testing, but 6 had an idiotype protein detectable by a sensitive immunoassay at levels greater than 1 microgram/ml, two of which were greater than 200 micrograms/ml. These levels were temporarily reduced by plasma-pheresis. However, the presence of serum idiotype increased the requirement for mouse antibody to achieve tumor penetration. Another obstacle to treatment was immune response to mouse Ig that occurred in 5 of the 13 patients. Once an immune response had begun, further infusions of antibody failed to reach the tumor or induce tumor regression and were associated with toxicity. Our initial patient remains in an unmaintained complete remission 50 months after receiving antibody. Six of 12 additional patients have had objective remissions which also were clinically significant. However, these remissions were not complete. This therapy shows promise as an alternative modality for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. We will need further studies to determine the mechanisms of the antitumor effect and to improve the clinical results. PMID- 3493441 TI - Efficacy of astatine-211-labeled monoclonal antibody in treatment of murine T cell lymphoma. AB - The short-lived isotope 211At (half-life, 7.2 hr), an alpha particle-emitting halogen, has been attached to a monoclonal antibody (anti-thy 1.1, IgG1, OX7) and used in mice in the treatment of a thy 1.1 T-cell lymphoma (A120). Forty-eight hours after receiving an iv injection of 10(3) or 10(5) A120 cells, mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, 211At-, antibody alone, or 211At conjugated to OX7. Treatment with the 211At-labeled OX7 conjugate increased the median survival time of mice and probably "cured" (survival at 200 days) 6 of the 15 mice given 10(5) cells and 21 of the 27 mice given 10(3) cells. PMID- 3493439 TI - Dominance of one T-cell receptor in the H-2Kb/TNP response. AB - T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize foreign antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded cell surface proteins. These receptors are heterogeneous, dimeric glycoproteins composed of disulphide linked alpha- and beta-chains. We analysed the diversity of TCRs in a collection of H-2Kb restricted, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific (H-2Kb/TNP) cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) clones from C57BL/6 mice. Investigation of the beta-chain messenger RNAs revealed that nearly half of these independent clones expressed an identical beta-chain gene. We show here that almost all the Tc clones expressing the predominant beta chain gene also express an identical alpha-chain gene. These results show that a strong selective pressure acted on the Tc population, resulting in a skewing of the TCR repertoire for H-2Kb/TNP and in the dominant expression of one TCR with this specificity. Possible explanations for this skewing include antigen-driven clonal expansion and network interactions. PMID- 3493442 TI - Use of second antibody in radioimmunotherapy. AB - In this study, a second antibody was directed against the first antitumor antibody to accelerate clearance of the 131I-labeled first antibody and improve tumor to normal tissue ratios of radioactivity. The value of this method in improving the therapeutic index of radioimmunotherapy with 131I-antibody to CEA has been investigated in nude mice bearing xenografts of human colon carcinoma and in 5 patients with colorectal cancer. The xenografts did not become saturated with anti-CEA as the administered dose was increased to therapeutic levels. At these high dose levels, the second antibody increased tumor to blood ratios to a maximum of 155:1, 48 times the level in controls that did not receive the second antibody. In 5 patients given 50 mCi of anti-CEA, there was no significant toxicity with the second antibody; clearance of radioactivity was accelerated; and tumor imaging was enhanced. The second antibody appears to have the potential to improve the therapeutic index of radioimmunotherapy. PMID- 3493444 TI - Spinal fluid CRF reduction in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Abnormalities in several neurotransmitters, including neuropeptides, have been found in postmortem studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was found to be diminished in cerebral cortex. In this study spinal fluid CRF-immunoreactivity (CRF-I) was determined in 16 patients with mild to moderate AD and 9 age-matched controls. Mean CRF-I levels were significantly lower in Alzheimer patients compared with controls. Furthermore, a tendency for a CRF-I increment with successive spinal fluid aliquots in control subjects was absent in Alzheimer patients. CRF-I levels failed to correlate with measures of disease severity or various tests of cognitive function. These results suggest that involvement of CRF containing neurons may play a secondary rather than a primary role in the pathophysiology of AD. PMID- 3493443 TI - Cholinergic but not monoaminergic denervation increases nerve growth factor content in the adult rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. AB - We have investigated whether degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is a potential trigger for increased NGF production in the adult rat brain. Electrolytic lesions of cholinergic neurons in the septum-diagonal band and in the nucleus basalis of Meynert induced a transient increase in NGF in the ventral hippocampus (+70%) and cerebral cortex (+125%), respectively. In contrast, selective aminergic denervation of the forebrain by electrolytic lesion of the medial forebrain bundle, did not increase NGF levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Thus, a cholinergic mechanism appears to regulate NGF production in adult rat basal forebrain. PMID- 3493445 TI - Remote metabolic effects of cerebrovascular lesions: magnetic resonance and positron tomography imaging. AB - Combined Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study were performed in six patients with chronic supratentorial stroke to investigate whether remote hypometabolic regions revealed by PET showed any abnormality on MRI. Either regional oxygen consumption (n = 4) or glucose utilization (n = 2) were measured using PET and the 15O steady state 18FDG technique, respectively. Four patients, with deeply located brain lesions, showed a significant metabolic reduction in the overlying cerebral cortex. In the remaining two patients, affected by a large cortical infarct, there was a significant crossed cerebellar hypometabolism. The MRI weighted by the parameters spin density (rho), spin lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times were obtained employing various sequences in the same subjects. In no patient did the MRI show any contrast modification in these hypometabolic remote regions, suggesting that subtle loss of tissue and/or biochemical change do not underlie the reduction in metabolic rate. PMID- 3493446 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of colloid cysts of the third ventricle. AB - Two cases of colloid cyst of the third ventricle are reported. Their computed tomographic (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and neuropathological features are presented. The MR findings were different in the two cases for reasons not yet fully explained, full biochemical and biophysical analyses of the cyst contents not being available. Neuropathologically, the only significant difference was the abundant presence of cholesterin crystals in the colloid of case 1 and their absence in case 2. One of our cases is also peculiar from a CT point of view, since it was primarily hypodense and did not enhance on intravenous contrast administration. PMID- 3493447 TI - Valvography in the assessment of hydrocephalus shunt function in children. AB - Assessment of hydrocephalus shunt dysfunction, especially when partial, causes severe differential diagnostic problems. Ordinary computer assisted tomography gives only indirect information about shunt dynamics and the estimation of intraventricular pressure is vague. In a series of 50 valvographies, this examination proved to be especially valuable in the diagnosis of partial obstruction of the distal catheter. Valvography is also superior to other forms of examination in the localization of x-ray negative catheter types. In the slit ventricle syndrome valvography will reveal the position and function of ventricular catheters, which by other means would be impossible preoperatively. PMID- 3493449 TI - Localization of binding sites for calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography. AB - The distribution of binding sites for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rat brain were studied using in vitro autoradiography. In a radioreceptor assay using [125I]human calcitonin gene-related peptide as the radioligand, with cerebellar cortical membranes, rat calcitonin gene-related peptide had a binding affinity constant of 1.16 +/- 0.23 X 10(10) M-1 and a site concentration of 43.4 +/- 3.4 fmol/mg protein. In this system, human calcitonin gene-related peptide had a binding affinity constant of 3.9 +/- 0.7 X 10(9) M-1 whereas salmon calcitonin was very weak with a binding affinity constant of only 6.8 +/- 4.0 X 10(5) M-1. CGRP binding localized by in vitro autoradiography, using [125I]rat calcitonin gene-related peptide, had a characteristic distinct distribution in the rat brain. There were high concentrations of binding found over the accumbens nucleus, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, ventral caudate putamen, median eminence, the arcuate nucleus, lateral amygdaloid nucleus and lateral mammillary nucleus, the superior and inferior colliculi, pontine nuclei, molecular and Purkinje cell layers of the cerebellar cortex, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the inferior olivary nuclei, hypoglossal complex and the vestibular and cochlear nuclei. The distribution of these binding sites suggests multiple roles for CGRP in the central nervous system including auditory, visual, gustatory and somatosensory processing, and in neuroendocrine control. PMID- 3493448 TI - In vivo release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat neostriatum--I. Characterization and topographical heterogeneity of the effects of dopaminergic and cholinergic agents. AB - The release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid continuously synthesized from [3H]glutamine was studied in the striatum of halothane-anaesthetized rats superfused with a push-pull cannula. The levels of spontaneously released [3H]GABA were identical in all striatal regions examined, but were found to be higher at the junction between the striatum and the globus pallidus. Superfusion with a medium enriched in K+ ions induced a concentration-dependent increase in [3H]GABA release. Superfusion with a Ca2+-free medium did not affect the spontaneous outflow of [3H]GABA but sharply reduced the release of [3H]GABA evoked by 30 mM K+. Locally applied tetrodotoxin (50 microM) decreased slightly the spontaneous release of [3H]GABA (-22%). When acetylcholine (50 or 500 microM) was added to a superfusion medium containing eserine (50 microM), the spontaneous release of [3H]GABA was enhanced in the ventral but not in the dorsal region of the striatum. The local application of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro, 7,8,-dihydroxy, 1 phenyl, 1-H, 3-benzazepine (10 microM), a dopaminergic agonist acting preferentially on D1 receptors increased the release of [3H]GABA in the dorsal striatum (+32%) but decreased it slightly (-19%) in the ventral striatum. 3-(2-(N 3 hydroxyphenylethyl)N-propylamino)ethyl-phenol (50 microM), a preferential D2 receptor agonist, decreased [3H]GABA release when it was applied dorsally (-23%) but not ventrally in the striatum. It is concluded that the regulation of the release of [3H]GABA by acetylcholine and dopaminergic drugs is different in the dorsal and ventral regions of the striatum. These differences may be related to the existence of subpopulations of GABA neurons and may well have functional implications as suggested by behavioural studies. PMID- 3493450 TI - Fine analysis of cytolytic and natural killer T lymphocytes in the CSF in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. AB - Cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-p) and natural killer precursors (NK-p) in the CSF of 15 MS patients and 11 patients with other neurologic disorders (OND) were quantitatively assessed, using a T-lymphocyte microculture system that allows clonal expansion of all human T cells. CSF CTL-p and NK-p frequencies were higher in patients with OND of inflammatory nature than in patients with noninflammatory OND. In all MS patients, these frequencies were higher in the CSF than in their peripheral blood. Surprisingly, in all patients studied, the CSF contained a substantial number of CTL-p with a helper (CD4+) phenotype. PMID- 3493451 TI - Positron emission tomography and histopathology in Pick's disease. AB - PET using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose was carried out on a case of Pick's disease established by necropsy. A sharply decreased cortical metabolic rate for glucose was obtained in specific gyri, especially in the frontal lobes, where there was extensive gliosis and neuronal loss. More moderate decreases were found in areas with numerous Pick bodies and inflated neurons but less gliosis. The PET pattern was sufficiently distinctive to suggest that it might be possible to distinguish Pick's from Alzheimer's disease premortem. PMID- 3493453 TI - Epidemiological perspectives on maternal depression and the young child. PMID- 3493452 TI - CSF mononuclear cell subsets in active MS: lack of disease-specific alteration. AB - We studied CSF mononuclear cell subsets in MS and acute aseptic meningoencephalitis, using seven monoclonal antibodies. Ia-bearing cells were more frequent in active MS than in stable MS. In active MS, the percentage of Ia bearing cells was higher than M5 cells or B7 cells, suggesting that Ia-positive T cells appear when the disease is active. However, there was no difference in the proportion of CSF cell subsets in active MS and acute aseptic meningoencephalitis; the changes in MS are similar to acute inflammatory reactions. PMID- 3493454 TI - When lightning strikes twice. PMID- 3493455 TI - Colonoscopy--a ten year Wellington experience. AB - Between April 1975 and December 1985, 870 colonoscopies have been performed at Wellington Hospital. A cause of gastrointestinal blood loss was identified in 61% of patients examined for this reason. Ninety-eight percent of patients with longstanding total mucosal ulcerative colitis were able to be managed nonsurgically. The diagnostic problem was resolved colonoscopically in 99% of patients with radiological abnormality. Seven hundred and seventy-six polyps and four polypoid carcinomata were removed endoscopically. A further four patients were referred for surgery following incomplete removal of polypoid carcinomata but no residual tumour was found in the resected bowel. It is suggested that strict criteria be employed in the selection of patients for colonoscopy. PMID- 3493456 TI - Pericardial constriction following coronary artery bypass surgery: case reports. AB - Two patients with the rare complication of pericardial constriction following coronary artery bypass surgery are presented. Management was with prednisone but one patient needed a pericardectomy. PMID- 3493457 TI - The first 500 patients seen at a rheumatology clinic in a public hospital. AB - Five hundred new patients seen at a rheumatology clinic during the first three years of specialist practice were categorised according to diagnosis, age and sex, source of referral, geography of referral and follow up data. Degenerative joint disease was diagnosed in 33.4% of patients; inflammatory joint diseases in 29.4% and soft tissue rheumatism in 9.4%. Connective tissue diseases were rarely encountered (2%) and in 10.4% of patients the diagnosis was uncertain or undetermined. The age range was 6 to 85 years and the mean age 46. Sixty-nine percent of patients were women. General practitioners referred 85.2% of patients and 57.2% of the total patients seen lived within 20 km of the hospital, an area containing approximately 84,000 people. After three years all patients with inflammatory joint diseases and connective tissue diseases were still attending the follow-up clinic compared to 40% of those with non-inflammatory joint diseases. From the data collected, only a small percentage of patients with rheumatic complaints in the community were referred to the clinic and the dichotomy between academic and practical rheumatology was apparent. PMID- 3493458 TI - [Study of the lymphocyte blast transformation reaction as a criterion of prognosis in the outcome of treatment of uveal melanoblastomas]. PMID- 3493459 TI - [Computer modelling of gastrulation and neurulation in amphibian embryos based on mechanical tension fields]. AB - The values of cell wall tensions were calculated with an assumption of mechanical equilibrium of every cell apex on schematic diagrams of histological sections of the common frog embryonic tissues. The maps of the main (the strongest) tensions were drawn for the early gastrula and early neurula. The further course of gastrulation and neurulation was simulated with an assumption that the cell apices are displaced due to active contractions of the most tensed cell walls (variant A of the model). In addition, a suggestion was studied that the capacity for contraction falls in the most extended cell walls (variant B). Up to seven steps of model morphogenesis were simulated and the tension field was recalculated at every step. The course of gastrulation and neurulation was reproduced during simulation with sufficient details, including regional peculiarities of neurulation in the trunk and head regions. Both variants gave roughly similar results for gastrulation, whereas variant B ensured a faster course of model morphogenesis for neurulation. A conclusion was drawn that the mechanical tension fields established by the onset of gastrulation and neurulation represent a sufficient informational base for their further course. PMID- 3493460 TI - Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis seven months after extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. AB - We present a case of endophthalmitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes seven months following extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. The markedly delayed clinical course of endophthalmitis associated with this organism appears to be highly stereotypical. Recognition and treatment of this complication of cataract surgery allows an excellent chance at cure. PMID- 3493462 TI - Histiocytosis X: report of an oral soft tissue lesion without bony involvement. AB - The case of a 65-year-old white man with painful oral soft tissue granulomatous lesions of histiocytosis X is reported. The clinical course and diagnostic and therapeutic measures are described. The manifestation of symptomatic oral soft lesions with no definable lesions of bone and the age of the patient are not consistent with the usual presentation of this disease, and thus emphasize its clinical variability. The rationale for the therapeutic regimen and the prognosis are reviewed. PMID- 3493461 TI - Management of purulent postoperative endophthalmitis. AB - In 1985, postoperative purulent endophthalmitis (PPE) was diagnosed in 8 eyes (severe in 5 and presumed in 3 eyes). All were treated with paraocular injections of cefotaxime, gentamicin and triamcinolone with or without the same antibiotics by intraocular and/or systemic route with or without systemic corticosteroids. The suspect causative organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis in 2 cases, Staphylococcus aureus in 3 cases, streptococcus in 1 case, in 2 cases the cause remained unknown. Pars plana vitrectomy and anterior chamber lavage were performed on 5 eyes, and anterior chamber and vitreous tap on 1 eye. The intraocular lens implants were not removed at vitrectomy. A useful vision ranging from 0.15 to 0.6 was obtained in all cases. Our present regime for the management of purulent postoperative or posttraumatic endophthalmitis is given. PMID- 3493463 TI - [Clinical polymorphism and various questions concerning the pathogenesis of multiple exostotic chondrodysplasia]. PMID- 3493464 TI - [Relation between Sjogren syndrome and malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3493465 TI - Inhibition of the human flexion reflex by low intensity, high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has a gradual onset and offset. AB - The present study examines the inhibitory effect of segmentally applied TENS on the nociceptive component of the flexion reflex elicited in various lower limb muscles, in an attempt to gain some insight into the underlying mechanism. The flexion reflex from 11 normal subjects was recorded electromyographically from the biceps femoris (BF), the tibialis anterior (TA), and in 2 subjects, the hip flexor (HF), in the manner described in a previous paper [9]. Amplitude and area values of the flexion reflex of each muscle were computerized prior to, during, and 50 min after the application of placebo or low intensity TENS at 100 Hz, for 30 min to the low back, at levels of segmental innervation (L4-S1) similar to those of the muscles under study. In the majority of subjects, we found that: Low intensity TENS caused a significant inhibition of the flexion reflex in proximal limb flexors. Thus, the BF measured 64% and 52%, and the HF 45% and 51%, of their respective mean control amplitude and area values at the time of maximum inhibition during TENS. Moreover, less reduction of the mean values of the flexion reflex was observed in the TA, a distal limb (ankle) flexor. It is noteworthy that in both the BF and HF, the time to peak maximum inhibitory effect took 30 and 20 min respectively after the onset of TENS, and the flexion reflex often did not return to control values even at 40-50 min after TENS. In contrast, placebo TENS application resulted in no significant change of the flexion reflex in all the muscles examined. These findings showed that prolonged stimulation of large diameter fibers by conventional TENS application to the lumbosacral level, exerts a progressive and long latency inhibitory influence on a number of lower limb flexor motoneurons. In keeping with functional demand, this effect was found to be more prominent on the proximal than distal limb muscles. Furthermore, a gradual onset and offset of this inhibitory action is consistent with the results of some investigators demonstrating the possible involvement of endogenous opioids. PMID- 3493466 TI - Neurosurgical approaches to the management of chronic pain syndromes. PMID- 3493467 TI - Effect of anti-thymocyte serum on the eosinophil and lysophospholipase responses in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. AB - Anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) was administered to CD-1 mice infected with 100 Trichinella spiralis larvae and its effects on intestinal lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) activity, peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow, peripheral blood and intestinal eosinophilia were assayed in the same experimental animal. The ATS caused a significant suppression of both the tissue lysophospholipase response and eosinophilia, in all three compartments, when compared to the values found in infected mice that were either treated with normal rabbit serum (NRS) or untreated. The suppressed eosinophil response and reduced lysophospholipase activity demonstrated a close temporal relation throughout the experiment. These findings support the hypothesis that helminth parasite-induced eosinophilia is the cause of increased lysophospholipase activity present in parasitized tissue and that the responses are thymus cell dependent. PMID- 3493468 TI - The effect of casein derivatives on glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production in Enterobacter cloacae ATCC.13047. AB - Our earlier work showed that glycine enhancement of class I beta-lactamase production in Enterobacter cloacae ATCC.13047 was greater on Isosensitest Agar than on other laboratory media. In the present study it was demonstrated that Casein Hydrolysate was the constituent of Isosensitest Agar which was necessary for glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production. Also, a comparison of the effect of casein and casein derivatives on glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production showed that acid hydrolysis of casein was a prerequisite for glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production. Enterobacter cloacae ATCC.13047 failed to grow on a medium containing casein, and glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production did not occur on a medium containing tryptic hydrolysate of casein. The effect on beta-lactamase production of variations in the concentrations of both Casein Hydrolysate and glycine was examined by titration of both components in a chequerboard fashion. Beta-lactamase production was influenced by the concentrations of both Casein Hydrolysate and glycine. This inter-relationship indicated that there was a balance between the concentrations of Casein Hydrolysate and glycine and that alterations in this balance modified beta lactamase production. The significance of the observations is discussed in relation to the factors which influence glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production in Enterobacter cloacae ATCC.13047. PMID- 3493469 TI - Multiply-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b causing systemic disease in children in Australia. AB - Until 1984 strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) isolated from children with systemic infections in Australia had been uniformly sensitive to chloramphenicol. In July 1984 a child with bacteremia in Adelaide, South Australia, yielded a strain of Hib resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. In October and November 1984 similar isolates were obtained on cerebrospinal fluid culture from 2 children with meningitis. The 3 isolates showed an identical resistance pattern and inactivated ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Each isolate was fully sensitive to moxalactam (latamoxef), and to cefotaxime. Both children with meningitis were treated initially with ampicillin and chloramphenicol given intravenously. One of these, a girl aged 16 mth, showed no improvement and a sixth cranial nerve palsy developed. When ampicillin and chloramphenicol were ceased and moxalactam was substituted there was a rapid clinical improvement. As initial therapy in children with bacterial meningitis we advocate using either moxalactam and ampicillin in combination or a suitable third generation cephalosporin such as cefotaxime. PMID- 3493470 TI - Immunophenotypic analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Chinese. A study of 75 cases in Hong Kong. AB - The cell surface markers of 75 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied on cryostat sections using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Forty-nine cases (65.3%) were found to express a B-cell phenotype, 23 cases (30.7%) a T-cell phenotype, 1 case (1.3%) a histiocytic phenotype and 2 cases (2.7%) no demonstrable surface markers. Follicular lymphoma accounted for only 10.7% of the cases. Most B-cell lymphomas expressed IgM-lambda or IgM-IgD-lambda, but a few failed to express surface immunoglobulin. Among the 23 cases of T-cell lymphoma, 22 were of peripheral T-cell type; most were of helper-cell (T4) phenotype and a significant number expressed J5 (CALLA) and I2 (HLA-DR). The present study shows that the percentage of T-cell lymphoma in Chinese is higher than in Caucasians, but lower than in Japanese. However, when the age-adjusted incidence of non Hodgkin's lymphoma is considered, the incidence rates of T-cell lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese and Japanese in areas non-endemic for adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia are similar; the incidence in Americans is similar or slightly lower. The major difference between the races is that B-cell lymphoma, particularly the follicular type, is much rarer in Asians than Americans. PMID- 3493471 TI - Immunohistological subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hong Kong Chinese. AB - One hundred and four unselected cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in adult Chinese patients in Hong Kong were typed, using monoclonal and conventional antibodies, by immunoenzymatic labelling methods on cryostat sections or cell smears. The total included 69 cases (66%) of B-cell and 26 (25%) of T-cell tumours. The diffuse large cell (centroblastic or immunoblastic) types formed the largest proportion (44.9%) of B lymphomas. Of 26 cases of T-cell lymphoma 25 were of peripheral type; of these 25, the most frequent subtype (42.3%) was the immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like lesion. Although there were 9 pleomorphic T cell lymphomas, none of the patients presented with the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma syndrome. The incidence of T-cell lymphomas in our population is not markedly higher than that of western countries, but there are some interesting differences in the types of T-cell lymphomas that are commonly seen. PMID- 3493472 TI - [Gastric xanthelasma. Endoscopic, histological and immunohistochemical study of 5 cases]. PMID- 3493473 TI - Cavitation of anterior mediastinal masses in children with histiocytosis-X. Report of four cases with radiographic, pathologic findings and clinical follow up. AB - Four children with histiocytosis-X had large solid mediastinal masses at diagnosis. Follow-up studies in three showed large air cysts occupying the sites of the original masses; the fourth patient had small air cysts at the periphery of the mass. All patients survived. One patient was explored and the large air cysts were in the mediastinum with adherence to the adjacent lung. Lesser pulmonary involvement was noted in the lungs of three of the four patients. Cavitation within mediastinal masses in histiocytosis-X appears to reflect two processes. The first is necrosis within the masses themselves. The second is involvement of adjacent lung with adherence of lung and pleura to the mediastinum allowing air to fill the mediastinal cavities. PMID- 3493474 TI - Cervical meningeal histiocytosis demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Involvement of the central nervous system by histiocytosis X is usually restricted to the parasellar region. A rare case of histiocytosis X involving the cervical meninges in a 12-month-old boy is demonstrated and the magnetic resonance features of this tumor are described. PMID- 3493475 TI - Capsular polysaccharide Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: clinical and immunologic responses to two vaccines. AB - The clinical reactions and immunologic responses to two Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccines were studied in 24- to 36-month-old children. A candidate vaccine (Connaught) induced greater than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml of antipolysaccharide antibody in 37 (61.7%) of 60 infants 24 to 26 months of age; this compared with 8 (38.1%) of 21 infants 24 to 36 months of age given a licensed vaccine (Praxis). Reactions to both vaccines within 24 hours of administration were minimal; a smaller percentage of recipients of the candidate vaccine were asymptomatic (P less than 0.05). The lower levels of antibody production than previously reported may necessitate a reevaluation of current recommendations. PMID- 3493476 TI - Lack of correlation of in vitro adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells with frequent occurrence of otitis media. AB - The adherence to human epithelial cells, biotype and capsular type of 175 Haemophilus influenzae cultured from the upper respiratory tract were studied in a prospective study of children with recurrent otitis media. Forty-three children who had greater than 2 episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) during the first year of life were followed for at least 1 year. Cultures of the oropharynx were done periodically, and the middle ear fluid (MEF) was cultured at the time of AOM. H. influenzae was recovered from MEF in 44% of the 136 AOM episodes recorded. Thirty one children had at least one episode of AOM caused by H. influenzae; the remaining 12 children, designated as "controls," had no otitis or had AOM caused by other organisms. The possible differences between carriage and infection strains were evaluated by comparison of MEF and oropharyngeal isolates, by pairwise comparison of MEF and oropharyngeal isolates and by pairwise comparison of multiple isolates from each host recovered at the time of AOM and during infection-free intervals. No significant differences in patterns of adherence, capsular type or biotype were found. The lack of correlation between these characteristics and infection suggests either that H. influenzae organisms have determinants of virulence yet to be defined or that variations in host susceptibility permit infection by the strain colonizing the upper respiratory tract. Adherence per se may be less important in the development of infection than in establishing and maintaining colonization within the host. PMID- 3493477 TI - Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization and sudden infant death: results of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cooperative Epidemiological Study of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome risk factors. AB - The possible association between diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DTP) immunization and the subsequent occurrence of sudden infant death has been examined using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Cooperative Epidemiological Study, a large multicenter, population-based, case-control study. In a preliminary report based on the first 400 eligible singleton SIDS victims and 800 matched living control infants, no temporal association between SIDS and DTP immunization was found. From the final sample of 800 eligible singleton SIDS victims, 95% (n = 757) were defined as definitely or probably having died of SIDS on the basis of pathology data. Data from these 757 case infants and their corresponding control infants (n = 1,514) are presented in this report. Two control infants, both living, were randomly selected for each case infant: an age-matched control A and an age-, race-, and low birth weight-matched control B. Overall, case infants were less likely to have received any DTP immunization. Only 39.8% of case infants had received at least one DTP immunization compared to 55.0% of control A infants and 53.2% of control B infants. Based on maternal interviews and postnatal medical records, 1.8% of case infants (five infants) immunized with DTP died within the first 24 hours following immunization. Similarly, 5.0% of control A infants (n = 21) and 2.2% of control B infants (n = 9) had been immunized within 24 hours of the maternal interview, which represents the comparable time frame for the age matched control infants. These results confirm the earlier preliminary findings from the NICHD SIDS Cooperative Epidemiological Study and suggest that DTP immunization is not a significant factor in the occurrence of SIDS. PMID- 3493478 TI - [Problems posed by the association of hemophilia A and congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - Association of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 hydroxylase deficiency) and hemophilia A in one child is reported; the authors insist about the rarity and the genetic implications of this association in case of other children. PMID- 3493480 TI - [Analysis of lymphocyte subsets infiltrated into mouse tumor tissue exposed to local irradiation--histological study using monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3493479 TI - The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, enhances the evoked quanta release of acetylcholine at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The possible role of protein kinase C in the regulation of quantal transmitter release was studied at the frog neuromuscular junction by using the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a compound known to mimic the effects of the physiological activator of the enzyme, endogenous diacylglycerol. The main effect of the phorbol ester was to increase the quantal content, m, of the endplate potential. The initial values of m were adjusted over a wide range by changing the Ca2+ concentration of the extracellular medium, and the TPA induced fractional increase in m was significantly greater at junctions with a lower initial quantal content. On the other hand, the absolute increases in m induced by the phorbol ester were positively correlated with the square root of the initial quantal content. The possible physiological significance of this correlation is discussed in view of the well known relationship between extracellular Ca2+ concentration and the quantal content of the end plate potential. PMID- 3493482 TI - [Delay in diagnosing leukemia manifesting itself as superior vena cava syndrome]. PMID- 3493481 TI - [Granulopoiesis regulation in lung cancer and radiotherapy]. PMID- 3493484 TI - [Auditory-vestibular changes in workers in ferrous metallurgy manufacture]. AB - The deleterious factors of the working environment in metallurgy--physical and chemical, with a direct or indirect effect on the analyzer systems of organism could lead to some disturbances of their functions and restriction of the capacity for work of the workers. Seventy workers from coke-chemical production and 98 workers from ferro alloy production have been examined with a view to determination of the auditory and vestibular status among them. The exposure to manganese aerosols has been determined among the workers from ferro alloy production. The indices studied with various degree of exposure have been juxtaposed. Essential changes have been established in the auditory and vestibular analyzer of the workers from both productions. The vestibular disorders have a phase character. The central disorders in the otoneurological state of the workers from coke-chemical production predominate whereas the peripheral ones--among the workers from ferro alloy production. The presence of pronounced changes in the hearing and vestibular indices in the workers with the lowest degree of exposure, provided grounds to propose them as criteria for the early diagnostics of the chronic manganese intoxication. PMID- 3493483 TI - [Otoneurological and biochemical research on the drivers of motor vehicles]. AB - The aim of the study is to follow up the changes in auditory and vestibular systems, common interactions between the sensory systems and the changes in some biochemical indices after vestibular loading in drivers. Several groups of drivers of heavy freight trucks were studied, aged from 25-60 and a length of service from 5 to 30 years, according to a standard programme for otoneurological examination and application of modern otoneurological methods. The biochemical investigations were performed to 32 healthy and 19 sick drivers with vestibular disorders, prior to and post vestibular provocation. The following biochemical indices were studied: serotonin, histamine, cholinesterase activity, glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, potassium, sodium, chlorides, inorganic phosphorus. The biochemical changes, associated with vestibular loading of organism were established not to be strongly manifested and coming out of the frames of the normal values, nevertheless, they are significant for a given subject and should not be neglected. The data are of importance in the vocational selection of driver-applicants, prophylaxis and treatment of those working under stress situations and extreme impacts. PMID- 3493485 TI - Efficient retrovirus-mediated transfer and expression of a human adenosine deaminase gene in diploid skin fibroblasts from an adenosine deaminase-deficient human. AB - Skin fibroblasts might be considered suitable recipients for therapeutic genes to cure several human genetic diseases; however, these cells are resistant to gene transfer by most methods. We have studied the ability of retroviral vectors to transfer genes into normal human diploid skin fibroblasts. Retroviruses carrying genes for neomycin or hygromycin B resistance conferred drug resistance to greater than 50% of the human fibroblasts after a single exposure to virus containing medium. This represents at least a 500-fold increase in efficiency over other methods. Transfer was achieved in the absence of helper virus by using amphotropic retrovirus-packaging cells. A retrovirus vector containing a human adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA was constructed and used to infect ADA-fibroblasts from a patient with ADA deficiency. The infected cells produced 12-fold more ADA enzyme than fibroblasts from normal individuals and were able to rapidly metabolize exogenous deoxyadenosine and adenosine, metabolites that accumulate in plasma in ADA-deficient patients and are responsible for the severe combined immunodeficiency in these patients. These experiments indicate the potential of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into human fibroblasts for gene therapy. PMID- 3493486 TI - A single base mutation in an I-A alpha-chain gene alters T-cell recognition. AB - The interaction between the clonally selected T-cell antigen receptor, antigen, and Ia molecule is poorly understood at the molecular level. A cell line bearing an altered I-Ak alpha-chain (Ak alpha) molecule has been examined in order to provide more information about the relationship between Ia structure and function. The cell line, 3J9, was derived from the TA3 B-cell hybridoma through a series of negative and positive immunoselection steps. The 3J9 mutant lacked the binding site recognized by the Ak alpha-specific monoclonal antibody 39J and failed to present antigen to two T-cell hybridomas out of a large panel of I-Ak restricted T-cell hybridomas examined. Sequence analysis of the mutant Ak alpha gene showed a single base transition (G----A) that resulted in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at amino acid 75 of the alpha 1 domain. This mutation confirms the importance of amino acid 75 in the expression of the Ia.19 epitope, demonstrates the involvement of this region in the presentation of antigen to specific T cells, and provides a further example of the multiple functional domains on the Ia molecule that are involved in antigen presentation. PMID- 3493487 TI - Sequence of the cDNA encoding the laminin B1 chain reveals a multidomain protein containing cysteine-rich repeats. AB - Laminin is a basement membrane-specific glycoprotein (800 kDa) consisting of three chains: A, B1, and B2. Laminin has diverse biological functions, which include stimulating epithelial cell growth and differentiation. We have isolated two overlapping cDNA clones that span 5.9 kilobases and code for the entire B1 chain of mouse laminin. The nucleotide sequence of the clones reveals a 5358-base pair open reading frame that potentially codes for 1786 amino acids, including 20 amino acids of a presumptive signal peptide. Analysis of the deduced protein sequence predicts that the B1 chain has seven distinct domains that include cysteine-rich repeats, alpha-helical, and globular structures. Part of the cysteine-rich region is homologous to epidermal growth factor and other proteins that contain epidermal growth factor-like repeats. PMID- 3493489 TI - Ribonucleotide-induced helical alteration in DNA prevents nucleosome formation. AB - Several polynucleotides that assume an A-form helical structure in solution are unable to form nucleosomes. We attempted to establish a relationship between the ease of the A-form----B-form helix transition and ease of nucleosome formation by reconstituting nucleosomes using ribosubstituted DNA containing various levels of ribonucleotides. Instead we discovered that, when riboadenosine is substituted for deoxyriboadenosine, even one ribonucleotide per 125 base pairs of DNA reduces nucleosome formation and that DNA containing greater than 5% ribonucleotide is completely unable to form nucleosomes. Ribosubstituted DNA restriction fragments exhibited altered mobility on native 6% polyacrylamide gels, indicating an altered helical structure (probably bending). The effects on both nucleosome formation and gel mobility are nucleotide specific and are correlated, being greatest for riboadenosine and decreasing in the order riboadenosine greater than riboguanosine greater than ribocytosine. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the rate of nucleosome formation can be drastically reduced by isolated local perturbations, such as kinking or bending, in the helical structure of DNA. PMID- 3493488 TI - Cloning and tissue-specific expression of mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA. AB - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) stimulates the production of macrophages from bone marrow progenitor cells. We have identified a cDNA clone for murine CSF-1 by antibody screening of a mouse L-cell cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gt11. A screen of about 150,000 recombinant plaques yielded 6 clones that reacted well with an antibody raised against denatured and reduced mouse L-cell CSF-1. These clones were further screened with synthetic oligonucleotides based on the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of CSF-1. One clone, which hybridized to the oligonucleotides, was sequenced and found to contain a single open reading frame. This encompassed 68 amino acids of the mature protein, including the entire amino-terminal sequence we previously reported. This is preceded by what appears to be a 31 amino acid signal peptide. Blot analysis showed that this cDNA hybridizes to a major mRNA species of about 4.5 kilobases (kb) as well as several smaller, less abundant mRNA species (3.8, 2.3, and 1.4 kb) present in mouse L cells. A similar pattern of hybridization was observed with mRNA from a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line that produces CSF 1. Striking differences in the qualitative and quantitative expression of mRNA species for CSF-1 were observed in various mouse tissues. Liver expressed primarily a 1.4-kb species, heart and lung expressed primarily a 4.5-kb species, brain expressed high levels of both the 4.5-kb and 1.4-kb species, and intestine lacked detectable CSF-1 transcripts. Southern blot analysis suggests that the CSF 1 gene is present as a single copy in the mouse haploid genome and that it is not rearranged or amplified in L cells. PMID- 3493490 TI - Altered protein kinase C in a mast cell variant defective in exocytosis. AB - The murine mast cell line PB-3c is dependent on interleukin 3 (IL-3) with respect to survival and proliferation. These cells also require IL-3 to display antigen mediated serotonin release, which is coupled to a transient increase of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i). The antigen-mediated exocytosis is inhibited by phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (PTA), an activator of phospholipid/Ca2+-sensitive protein kinase. In contrast, the malignant mast cell variant PB-1 is IL-3 independent with respect to proliferation but is unable to undergo antigen mediated exocytosis. Yet this cell line exhibits basal levels of [Ca2+]i, serotonin content, and numbers of IgE receptors comparable to those of PB-3c cells. Subcellular distribution studies revealed that the specific activity of cytosolic protein kinase C of PB-1 cells was only 40% of that found in PB-3c cells. Furthermore, the PB-1 cells showed a significantly higher specific activity of membrane-bound protein kinase C than PB-3c cells. Scatchard plot analysis of [3H]-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding to intact PB-1 cells demonstrated the presence of 20% high-affinity (Kd = 6 nM) and 80% low-affinity (Kd = 60 nM) phorbol ester receptors, whereas PB-3c cells displayed only the low affinity phorbol ester binding. Immunological characterization of protein kinase C from both cell lines revealed the presence of a normal 77-kDa protein kinase C holoenzyme in both cell lines. In addition, a 72-kDa protein kinase C-related protein band was found mainly in the membrane fraction of the PB-1 variant. It is suggested that this altered and membrane-bound form of protein kinase C may be involved in the blockage of the antigen-mediated exocytosis of PB-1 cells. PMID- 3493491 TI - Isolation of high-affinity memory B cells: phycoerythrin as a probe for antigen binding cells. AB - In multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter studies presented here, we use the highly fluorescent protein phycoerythrin (PE) as an immunizing antigen and as a fluorescent probe to reveal and isolate antigen-binding memory B cells. We demonstrate directly that memory B cells in spleens from PE-primed mice stain brightly with PE and produce strong IgG1 anti-PE responses when sorted and cultured with L3T4+ helper T cells. That is, as few as 500 sorted PE-binding cells per culture well are sufficient to produce high-level anti-PE responses, presenting antigen in a form that induces helper T cells. Three-color immunofluorescence studies reveal that cells staining brightly with PE reside primarily in a population of B220+(IgM,IgD)- cells and comprise 0.02-0.05% of the spleen cells. Complementary studies with 2,4-dinitrophenyl memory B cells show that whereas this B220+-(IgM,IgD)- population (which comprises only 1-2% of the spleen cells) gives high-affinity anti-dinitrophenyl responses, the predominant B220+(IgM,IgD)+ population yields only low-affinity antibody. Finally, we find that although both populations have similar Ia levels, cells in the high-affinity fraction have greatly reduced levels of surface immunoglobulin. PMID- 3493493 TI - Effects of interferential current stimulation for treatment of subjects with recurrent jaw pain. AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of interferential current stimulation (ICS) to decrease recurrent jaw pain and to increase maximum vertical jaw opening. Forty subjects with either a history of recurrent jaw pain of three months' duration or of constant, chronic jaw pain that recurred within the preceding two months participated in the study. Twenty subjects received three 20 minute treatments of ICS, and 20 other subjects received three 20-minute treatments with a placebo procedure. The intensity of jaw pain and the amount of maximum vertical jaw opening were the dependent measures. Scatter diagrams indicated no relationship between the intensity of jaw pain and amount of vertical jaw opening before or after treatment. Statistical tests (p less than .05) showed no significant differences in the level of jaw pain or the amount of maximum vertical jaw opening between the ICS and Placebo Groups. We concluded that a short-term ICS treatment proved no more effective than a placebo treatment for decreasing jaw pain or for increasing vertical jaw opening. PMID- 3493494 TI - Effects of hypothalamic knife cuts and experience on maternal behavior in the rat. AB - Recent investigations suggest that the disruption of placentophagia, pup-directed maternal behavior, and nestbuilding seen after lesions of the medial preoptic area (MPO) or the lateral hypothalamus may be due to the interruption at different points of a single longitudinal neural system mediating these behaviors. To test this, we compared the effects of knife cuts on the lateral border of the MPO, and of the posterior medial forebrain bundle (MFB), with asymmetrical cuts combining a unilateral MPO cut with a contralateral MFB cut. We observed placentophagia, nestbuilding, and pup-directed maternal behaviors at, and after, parturition in both primiparous and biparous rats. In primiparae, MPO cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, (b) delayed the onset of crouching and pup licking, and (c) eliminated retrieval and nestbuilding. MFB cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, (b) delayed the onset of maternal behavior, and (c) eliminated nestbuilding. Asymmetrical cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, and (b) delayed the onset of maternal behavior. In biparous rats, MPO cuts eliminated nestbuilding and retrieval. MFB cuts (a) disrupted placentophagia, and (b) eliminated nestbuilding. Asymmetrical cuts (a) delayed nestbuilding. These results suggest the involvement of a longitudinal neural system in the production of immediate pup-directed maternal behavior, placentophagia, and nestbuilding in parturient primiparae, but which is not critical for the eventual display of maternal behavior and nestbuilding in maternally naive rats, nor for the immediate onset of placentophagia and maternal behavior in maternally experienced rats. PMID- 3493492 TI - Single cell studies on the role of B-cell stimulatory factor 1 in B-cell activation. AB - The role of the T-cell-derived lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) in the early activation, proliferation, and antibody-forming cell (AFC) clone formation of single fluorescein-specific B lymphocytes isolated from normal mouse spleens by hapten-gelatin adherence has been studied in vitro. BSF-1 acting alone induced early B-cell activation, as assessed by a significant increase in cell diameter of single B cells cultured for 24 hr. A small but significant number of these B cells formed proliferating clones, some of which secreted antibody. When acting with the specific antigen fluorescein-polymerized flagellin, BSF-1 augmented early cell enlargement and markedly enhanced proliferation, but it did not increase the frequency of AFC clones stimulated by fluorescein-polymerized flagellin alone. The further addition of recombinant murine interleukin 1 (IL-1) marginally enhanced proliferation caused by antigen plus BSF-1. No synergy was observed between BSF-1 and IL-1 for antibody formation. In the presence of fibroblast filler cells, BSF-1 substantially inhibited AFC clone development achieved by antigen plus IL-1. BSF-1 was also found to be inhibitory to AFC clone development stimulated by specific antigen acting with either recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2) or with IL-2 plus IL-1, both in the presence or absence of filler cells. The results suggest that BSF-1 plays a complex role in the regulation of the B-cell activation pathway by enhancing early activation and antigen-specific proliferation as well as inhibiting the effects of other B-cell factors on antibody formation. BSF-1 is the only cytokine so far tested in the single B-cell system that acts with antigen to promote proliferation without concomitant antibody production. PMID- 3493495 TI - The recovery of sensory function following skin flaps in humans. AB - Two cross-sectional studies were made of the recovery of tactile and pain sensitivity in subjects having skin flaps in the region of the chest and neck as a result of tumor excision. In experiment 1, stimuli ranging from 2.46 to 17.10 gm of force were delivered by von Frey hairs to the flaps and comparable normal sites in 35 subjects at times ranging from 1 month to 10 years after surgery. No subjects perceived stimuli of less than 11.80 gm, thermal, or moving touch applied to flaps, whereas 21 percent perceived 11.80 gm or greater force (judged as painful applied to normal skin). The results of experiment 2 showed that these findings were not due to visual information available to subjects. Possible explanations for the fact that these results are radically different from those reported in the literature are discussed. PMID- 3493496 TI - The abridged census method as an estimator of lifetime risk. AB - The abridged census estimator, also known as Weinberg's shorter method, is a device used to estimate lifetime incidence from the observed age distribution of a population at risk coupled with data on the current prevalence of a mental disorder. This method, which still enjoys considerable popularity, should have been replaced many years ago by more accurate techniques for making such estimates using similar information. In particular, the abridged census method uses the assumption that the remaining life expectancy of incident cases equals that of non-cases. This assumption is likely to lead to an underestimate of the lifetime risk. Two examples are presented from published literature which illustrate some problems encountered with the use of the abridged census method. Some alternative estimation methods are presented which can be implemented using only a hand calculator and which lead to more accurate results. PMID- 3493498 TI - Reliability of estimates of suicide rates in nonliterate societies. PMID- 3493497 TI - Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative Study on determinants of outcome of severe mental disorders. AB - In a context of a WHO collaborative study, 12 research centres in 10 countries monitored geographically defined populations over 2 years to identify individuals making a first-in-lifetime contact with any type of 'helping agency' because of symptoms of psychotic illness. A total of 1379 persons who met specified inclusion criteria for schizophrenia and other related non-affective disorders were examined extensively, using standardized instruments, on entry into the study and on two consecutive follow-ups at annual intervals. Patients in different cultures, meeting the ICD and CATEGO criteria for schizophrenia, were remarkably similar in their symptom profiles and 49% of them presented the central schizophrenic conditions as defined by CATEGO class S+. However, the 2 year pattern of course was considerably more favourable in patients in developing countries compared with patients in developed countries, and the difference could not be fully explained by the higher frequency of acute onsets among the former. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and estimates of disease expectancy were determined for a 'broad' diagnostic group of schizophrenic illness and for CATEGO S+ cases. While the former showed significant differences among the centres, the differences in the rates for S+ cases were non-significant or marginal. The results provide strong support for the notion that schizophrenic illnesses occur with comparable frequency in different populations and support earlier findings that the prognosis is better in less industrialized societies. PMID- 3493500 TI - Modern clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are idiopathic conditions that represent an overlapping clinical spectrum that is commonly referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Among the etiopathogenic hypotheses that have been suggested, infectious, genetic, and immunologic factors have received the most attention in the modern era--sometimes in combination. This article discusses current concepts regarding the etiology, demographics, and general clinical characteristics of IBD. The latter discussion covers signs/symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, and endoscopic findings. PMID- 3493499 TI - [In vivo study in healthy volunteers on the effect of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole on chemiluminescence and granulocyte adhesion]. AB - The influence of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemiluminescence and adherence to nylon was investigated in vivo on healthy volunteers. A significant impairment of chemiluminescence and (although not statistically significant) an inhibitory effect on adherence to nylon was observed in subjects receiving tetracycline. Cotrimoxazole did not appear to have a significant influence on PMNL function. PMID- 3493501 TI - [Evaluation of thallium-201 myocardial emission computed tomography based on a comparison with postmortem findings]. AB - The correlative study of myocardial perfusion assessed by 201Tl myocardial ECT with the pathological finding of the heart was performed in 10 autopsied cases with mean age of 77 years old (range: 60-90 y). In 6 cases with myocardial infarction (MI) 7 perfusion defects were observed, that was, 3 in anteroseptal wall, 1 in anterolateral wall and 3 in posterior wall on the images of SPECT. Seven MIs were also found in postmortem examination. Six MIs were observed at autopsy corresponding to perfusion defect on SPECT images. In one myocardial perfusion defect at inferoposterior portion on SPECT, a non-transmural MI was found at anteroseptum. In one case with valvular disease a false positive result was obtained at posterior wall where neither myocardial necrosis nor fibrosis was observed at autopsy. This case had aortic stenosis due to bicuspid aortic valve by autopsy. The ventricle was divided into 16 segments in each of 4 short axial images to evaluate extent of MI. SPECT for extent of MI showed sensitivity of 81.9%, specificity of 96.0% and diagnostic accuracy of 92.5%. False negative segment was apt to be observed at the surrounding of non-transmural MI or basal half of left ventricle (LV) with transmural MI, while false positive segment was at posterior portion of basal half of LV. It was concluded that myocardial ECT was useful for evaluation of the site and extent of MI. PMID- 3493502 TI - [The study of a two-dimensional polar representation of the cardiac SPECT image- a new method of displaying left ventricular wall motion]. AB - A new method was developed to display left ventricular wall motion using two dimensional polar representation of cardiac SPECT image. After intravenous administration of 740 MBq (20 mCi) 99mTc (in vivo labeling of red blood cell), ECG-gated SPECT image of cardiac pool was recorded (32 directions, 180 degrees). The short axis images of left ventricle were constructed at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES). Then the functional images of (ED-ES)/ED were calculated at each compatible slices and displayed in color according the degree of wall motion. In 8 cases with cardiac diseases this method was applied and clinically useful functional images could be obtained. The area of akinesia or hypokinesia are successfully demonstrated clearly separated from the area of normokinesia. We conclude that this method is useful to show left ventricular wall motion and to evaluate the segment and grade of abnormal wall motion of left ventricle. PMID- 3493504 TI - [A program of bibliographic exchange--BIREME/COMUT]. PMID- 3493503 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bone disorders by measurement of osteocalcin in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3493505 TI - [Self medication: again an old problem]. PMID- 3493506 TI - [Indications for drugs suggested by pharmacy attendants in Porto Alegre-RS]. PMID- 3493508 TI - [Conservative surgical treatment of cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3493507 TI - [Injuries of the inferior vena cava. Analysis of 75 cases]. PMID- 3493509 TI - [Role of the internal mammary artery in myocardial revascularization: the end of a dilemma]. PMID- 3493511 TI - Prognostic indicators in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and respiratory infection. AB - The records of 63 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and respiratory infection comprising 78 hospitalizations over a 36-month period were reviewed to ascertain the etiology of the respiratory infection and to identify the factors influencing short-term survival. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was diagnosed on 56 occasions in 46 patients. Fifty percent of patients with PCP died with respiratory failure; of these, all but 1 were diagnosed using fiber optic bronchoscopy. In 18 patients in whom PCP was not identified by bronchoscopy, the in-hospital mortality was 17%. Of the clinical and laboratory findings on admission, only the arterial PO2 and the alveolar-arterial PO2 (AaPO2) difference were significantly different between the survivors and nonsurvivors. In patients with PCP and a AaPO2 greater than 60 mm Hg, 92% died. The demonstration of P. carinii by fiber-optic bronchoscopy and the presence of markedly abnormal gas exchange are associated with high in-hospital mortality. PMID- 3493510 TI - [Multiple grafts of the internal mammary artery in coronary surgery]. PMID- 3493513 TI - [Hemorrhagic colitis, gastritis, hematuria and rhabdomyolysis in a jogger: a global ischemia syndrome?]. PMID- 3493512 TI - Applications of time-series analysis: a case study on the impact of computer tomography. AB - Time-series techniques are applied to an analysis of the use of neurodiagnostic procedures in Athens, to evaluate the effect of the introduction of computer tomography. Results confirm the usefulness of such techniques, but illustrate the dependence of their successful application on the nature and quality of data. PMID- 3493514 TI - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding arterial upper gastrointestinal lesions]. PMID- 3493515 TI - [Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices--medium- and long-term course]. PMID- 3493516 TI - [Intravascular sclerotherapy of esophageal varices--St. Gall experience, 1982 1985]. PMID- 3493517 TI - [Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3493518 TI - [Is sclerotherapy of fundus varices possible?]. PMID- 3493519 TI - Acute otitis media caused by Branhamella catarrhalis: biology and therapy. AB - Since 1980, we have observed an epidemic of otitis media caused by Branhamella catarrhalis. This event was characterized by studying the nasopharyngeal colonization of infants and children with B. catarrhalis and the clinical presentation and therapeutic outcome of acute otitis media caused by this organism. Pharyngeal colonization with B. catarrhalis was commoner in winter than summer. B. catarrhalis was present in middle-ear fluid (MEF) of 17% of children with otitis media, and was commoner in fall and winter (20%) than in spring and summer (11%, P less than .05). Seventy-five percent of isolates produced beta lactamase (Ravasio type). In five of 20 patients, treatment with beta-lactamase susceptible agents failed to sterilize B. catarrhalis-infected MEF. All of these five patients were infected with beta-lactamase-producing strains. The increasing prominence of antibiotic-resistant B. catarrhalis in acute otitis media may lead to a reevaluation of initial antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media, particularly in winter or in areas where colonization with such strains is prevalent. PMID- 3493520 TI - Effect of certain ulcer-healing agents on amphibian gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion. AB - The effect of luminal application of aluminum sulphate, sucralfate, and bismuth subcitrate on gastroduodenal alkali secretion has been studied with isolated amphibian mucosa. The mucosa, stripped of its external muscle layer, was mounted in chambers that allowed titration of alkali secretion and measurement of transmucosal potential difference and electrical resistance. Neutral aluminum sulphate (3 X 10(-3) M) increased bicarbonate secretion by fundic (mean +/- SEM = 144 +/- 48%, n = 5, P less than 0.05), antral (mean +/- SEM = 214 +/- 63%, n = 4, P less than 0.05), and duodenal (mean +/- SEM = 133 +/- 44%, n = 6, P less than 0.005) mucosa. Sucralfate (0.5 g/l) stimulated fundic (mean +/- SEM = 183 +/- 87%, n = 4, P less than 0.05) and antral (mean +/- SEM = 156 +/- 58%, n = 5, P less than 0.005) alkali secretion and, at a concentration of 1 g/l, duodenal output (mean +/- SEM = 42 +/- 15%, n = 6, P less than 0.05). Bismuth subcitrate (10(-4) M) produced a significant rise in fundic (mean +/- SEM = 80 +/- 21%, n = 5, P less than 0.05) and duodenal (mean +/- SEM = 62 +/- 7%, n = 6, P less than 0.05) alkali secretion. None of these agents altered transmucosal potential difference or electrical resistance. The actions of these agents on gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion may be important in their ulcer healing effects. PMID- 3493521 TI - Assessment of the actions of prostanoids in the protection and repair of the gastric mucosa. AB - The ability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its analogue, 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2) to protect the rat gastric mucosa from damage has been investigated using the release of enzyme markers as an index of surface cell disruption. These studies have been extended to investigate whether prostanoids can also enhance the rapid repair process which re-establishes epithelial continuity. With low oral doses of PGE2 (100 micrograms kg-1) and dmPGE2 (2.5 micrograms kg-1), the deep necrotic damage induced by intragastric instillation of ethanol was inhibited, yet the mucosal enzyme release (acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase) determined in vitro was unaltered. At higher doses, both prostanoids reduced enzyme release, suggesting some preservation or rapid re establishment of epithelial cell continuity under these conditions. Studies utilizing the gastric chamber indicated that high doses of dmPGE2 (20-40 micrograms kg-1) reduced the changes in potential difference and potassium efflux following challenge with 50% ethanol, and accelerated the rate of recovery of these parameters. Furthermore, a reduced level of epithelial cell discontinuity was determined by histological techniques. Thus, prostanoids not only protect deeper mucosal cells from necrotic damage by local irritants, but may protect the surface cells at higher doses under some conditions, and may enhance the process of epithelial restitution. PMID- 3493522 TI - Protection against alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury by aluminum-containing compounds--sucralfate, antacids, and aluminum sulfate. AB - Previously, we demonstrated that both antacids and sucralfate can protect the gastric mucosa against alcohol injury. Since these compounds contain aluminum, we studied whether other aluminum compounds have cytoprotective properties as well. Fasted rats were pretreated intragastrically with A) 0.9% NaCl, B) sucralfate, C) aluminum-magnesium antacid gel, D) Al2(SO4)3, E) Al(OH)3, and 1 h later they received 2 ml 100% ethanol by gavage. The stomach was removed and assessed for injury 3 h after ethanol administration. Control (group A) rats had 39 +/- 3% gross mucosal injury, which was reduced to 5 +/- 1% with sucralfate, 7 +/- 1% with Al2(SO4)3, 12 +/- 2% with Al(OH)3, and 16 +/- 2% with aluminum-magnesium antacid gel pretreatment. Microscopic surface epithelial injury and submucosal edema were seen in all five groups, while deep mucosal necrosis was largely prevented by pretreatment in groups B to E. These findings indicate that aluminum in a wide variety of molecular forms can protect the gastric mucosa against alcohol injury. PMID- 3493523 TI - Prostaglandin protection of the human gastric mucosa against alcohol-induced injury. Endoscopic, histologic, and functional assessment. AB - We studied whether pretreatment with prostaglandin (16,16-dimethyl (dm) prostaglandin E2) may protect the human gastric mucosa against alcohol-induced injury. Healthy volunteers received (via an endoscope) intragastric pretreatment with either: A) placebo or B) 16,16 dm prostaglandin E2, 1 microgram/kg, and 15 min later 40 ml 60% alcohol was sprayed directly on gastric mucosa. STUDIES: endoscopic appearance of the gastric mucosa was evaluated and scored (scale 0-5) by two investigators, gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) was continuously recorded, and mucosal biopsies were obtained at 30 min after alcohol for histologic examination. Alcohol instillation in subjects pretreated with placebo (group A) produced within 30 min prominent endoscopic hemorrhagic lesions (grade 4.8 +/- 0.2). Histologic examination showed exfoliation of the surface epithelium, extensive edema of lamina propria, and deep hemorrhagic necrotic lesions in 86% +/- 10 of specimens. These morphologic changes coincided with a sudden drop in gastric PD of 42 mV. Prostaglandin pretreatment (group B) significantly reduced alcohol-induced endoscopically visible lesions (grade 3.1 +/- 0.2, P less than 0.01 vs group A). Histologically, prostaglandins reduced deep hemorrhagic erosions (4.5-fold reduction) and subepithelial hemorrhages, but did not prevent exfoliation of the surface epithelium and gastric PD drop. Thus, prostaglandin administration to human volunteers effectively reduced alcohol injury to the gastric mucosa. PMID- 3493525 TI - C3d as a marker of extra-articular features in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3493524 TI - Enhancement and suppression of an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype. AB - The effects of a copolymer of monoclonal anti-idiotype (7B7.10) with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), designated 7-K, on an ongoing immune response were investigated. It was found that the response could be diverted to the production of higher titres of anti-p-azobenzenearsonate (Ar) antibodies, of which nearly 100% carry an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA). The effect was observed only in mice that had received a pre-inoculation of KLH-Ar, or KLH plus bovine gamma globulin-Ar (BGG-Ar). The effect was also observed, however, when cross linked 7B7.10 was mixed, rather than conjugated with KLH, suggesting that the role of KLH was to induce the production of a B-cell growth factor. Cross-linked 7B7.10 was not effective in the absence of KLH. A primary inoculation of 7-K together with KLH-Ar did not result in significant suppression or enhancement of CRIA. Also, pre-inoculation of 7-K alone did not suppress a subsequent idiotypic response to KLH-Ar, whereas monomeric anti-Id was suppressive. This supports a possible role for the unmodified Fc segment in the suppressive mechanism. In mice primed with KLH-Ar, before administration of 7-K, CRI+A molecules lacking anti-Ar activity were present in very low concentrations in the immune sera. Larger quantities of such molecules were present in the sera of mice that received 7-K alone. The methods described permit the reproducible production of large amounts of CRI+A anti-Ar antibodies. PMID- 3493527 TI - Asbestos-related findings in chest radiographs of the male population of the county of Telemark, Norway--a cross-sectional study. AB - In order to investigate the prevalence of asbestos-related diseases, a cross sectional population study was conducted among 28,216 men aged 40 years in nine municipalities of the county of Telemark, Norway. In a primary radiographic screening 10 X 10-cm chest radiographs were taken of 21,483 persons. In two independent readings of the radiographs, pleural changes were observed in 6.9 and 8.5% of the study subjects. Radiographic findings in the primary screening led to 1,431 subjects being selected for a reexamination. On the basis of occupational histories and 40 X 40-cm chest radiographs, it was concluded that 470 of these subjects (2.2% of the screened population) had radiographic changes consistent with an asbestos-related disorder. Among these, 86 had lung fibrosis (82 in combination with pleural plaques) and 384 had pleural plaques only. There were marked differences in the occurrence of asbestos-related disorders between the seven urban and two rural communities studied, and agreement was observed between the occurrence of such disorders and the degree and duration of the reported asbestos exposure. The study presents evidence that asbestos-related disorders may be more prevalent in the general male population than has been recognized earlier. PMID- 3493526 TI - Previous asbestos exposure and smoking habits in the county of Telemark, Norway- a cross-sectional population study. AB - A cross-sectional population study. Scand J Work Environ Health 12 (1986) 561 566. In order to study the number of persons previously exposed to asbestos in the general population, an investigation with a self-administered questionnaire and a screening with 10 X 10-cm chest radiographs was conducted among 28,216 men aged 40 years and over in nine municipalities in the county of Telemark, Norway. Among the 21,453 subjects who answered the questionnaire in the primary screening, 3,888 (18.1%) reported previous occupational exposure to asbestos. Of the exposed subjects 2,368 (61.4%) were less than 60 years of age, and 2,611 (69.9%) had been exposed for the first time after 1950. In regard to the degree of exposure, 77.7% considered their previous exposure to be light. Past and present smoking habits were recorded for all the subjects, and a high-risk group of 1,734 subjects with past exposure to asbestos and present smoking was identified. Approximately 270 incident cases of lung cancer can be expected among the 21,453 study subjects during the next 10 years, and it is estimated that about 110 of these cases will occur in the high-risk group with combined asbestos cigarette exposure. PMID- 3493528 TI - Isolation of an olfactory cDNA: similarity to retinol-binding protein suggests a role in olfaction. AB - Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize a protein possibly involved in the signal transducing system in olfactory tissue of the frog Rana pipiens. A complementary DNA library was constructed with messenger RNA obtained from frog olfactory neuroepithelium. A 700-base pair complementary DNA clone encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 20,300 was identified by differential hybridization analysis with polyadenylated RNA from olfactory epithelium and nonsensory respiratory epithelium. The messenger RNA corresponding to this clone was abundant in the cells of Bowman's glands in olfactory tissue but not in respiratory epithelium nor in several other tissues. The predicted sequence of this protein is homologous to members of a family of proteins that bind and transport small molecules in serum, suggesting that this protein may also bind and transport odorants in the mucus secreted by Bowman's glands. PMID- 3493529 TI - Human CSF-1: molecular cloning and expression of 4-kb cDNA encoding the human urinary protein. AB - A 4-kilobase complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding human macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) was isolated. When introduced into mammalian cells, this cDNA directs the expression of CSF-1 that is structurally and functionally indistinguishable from the natural human urinary CSF-1. Direct structural analysis of both the recombinant CSF-1 and the purified human urinary protein revealed that these species contain a sequence of at least 40 amino acids at their carboxyl termini which are not found in the coding region of a 1.6-kilobase CSF-1 cDNA that was previously described. These results demonstrate that the human CSF-1 gene can be expressed to yield at least two different messenger RNA species that encode distinct but related forms of CSF-1. PMID- 3493530 TI - [Effect of caudate stimulation on etorphine-sensitive neurones in the rabbit preoptic area]. PMID- 3493531 TI - [Effects of deafferentations of the mediobasal hypothalamus and lesions of the medial forebrain bundle on the responses of arcuate nucleus units to noxious stimulation and electroacupuncture]. PMID- 3493532 TI - Planned out-of-hospital births, New Jersey, 1978-1980. AB - This study involves 775 cases of New Jersey residents who had planned out-of hospital births during the years 1978-1980. Birth certificate data were analyzed and compared to New Jersey statewide birth data for the same time period. The women who chose a planned out-of-hospital birth were more likely than the total resident population to be older, married, better-educated and having their second baby. Reasons for selecting alternatives to physician in-hospital delivery were the desire to be attended by a midwife, to have the family present, to be part of the decision-making process, and faith in the birth process as being in line with nature. The out-of-hospital birth phenomenon was diffuse throughout the state, with more births attended by midwives than physicians and more births at home rather than at birthing centers. This study provides a basis for comparison of specific choices, providers and clientelle involved in the birth alternative movement, and lays the groundwork for investigating long term changes in the demand for birthing services in New Jersey. PMID- 3493533 TI - Disaggregating regional variations in mortality by cause of death: a case study of the Republic of Ireland. AB - Significant regional disparities in life expectancy were found in a previous study of Irish mortality. An attempt is made in the present paper to assess the relative importance of each of the major causes of death to an understanding of regional disparities in total mortality, using a specially devised index known as a partial standardised mortality ratio. It is found that regional disparities created by each of the major causes of death tend to have a reinforcing effect, although cerebrovascular diseases tend to conform less closely to the patterns established by the other major causes (viz. cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms and respiratory diseases). Cardiovascular diseases exert the strongest influence upon the overall pattern, but malignant neoplasms exert a much stronger influence than might be expected given the number of deaths from cancer. Regional disparities are stronger for males than for females, suggesting lines for further causal investigation. PMID- 3493534 TI - Disease competition as a factor in ecological studies of mortality: the case of urban centers. AB - Disease competition is a condition in which death rates are not what would be expected from the combination of etiological factors present in a region. Four types of disease competition are described: error; dominant occupational lifestyle etiology leading to dominant diseases; dominant lifestyle with a variety of disease outcomes; and protective effect. Three clues that disease competition exists are discussed. In order to assess the importance of disease competition, an analysis was made of the geographical distribution of male white mortality from 23 causes in the 73 most populous counties in the United States. The results showed evidence only of the dominant lifestyle type. PMID- 3493535 TI - Mental disorders and ecological structure in Nottingham. AB - This paper presents the findings of a specifically geographical investigation of the incidence, distribution and social/environmental correlates of mental disorder in Nottingham. Three diagnostic groups were examined, namely schizophrenia and paranoia, the effective psychoses (or manic depression) and the non-psychotic mental disorders. Analysis of two distinct cohorts of first contact patients for both the schizophrenia and affective psychoses diagnoses yielded markedly dissimilar incidence rates. It is therefore suggested that observed variations in the incidence of specific mental disorders between cities probably reflect such nosocomial (i.e. service related) factors as diagnostic accuracy and the levels of local psychiatric services. It is therefore dangerous to ascribe the variations solely to the contrasting social/environmental milieux found in these cities. The spatial distributions of the selected mental disorders within Nottingham were analysed in the context of a set of 12 distinct ecological areas. These areas were derived from a matrix comprising 105 sub-areas and 40 variables via principal components analysis and a non-hierarchical clustering algorithm. Marked spatial variation in the incidence of all the mental disorders was demonstrated via both traditional mapping and probability mapping techniques. Pearson product-moment analysis revealed that the distributions of the two diagnostically distinct schizophrenia and affective psychoses cohorts were virtually identical. The relationships between the inception rates for the mental disorders and social/environmental attributes were analysed. Stepwise multiple regression models for both the principal components and the individual census variables revealed strong and systematic relationships with all the mental disorders. Although such ecological analysis has limited explanatory power it nevertheless provides useful insights into mental disorder-environmental relationships. It is argued that these can be subsequently best examined at a disaggregated (i.e. behavioural) level. PMID- 3493536 TI - The uses of spatial analysis in medical geography: a review. AB - This paper is a review of how geographers and others have used spatial analysis to study disease and health care delivery patterns. Point, line, area and surface patterns, as well as map comparisons and relative spaces are discussed. Problems encountered in applying spatial analytic techniques in medical geography are pointed out. The paper is intended to stimulate discussion about where medical geography can and should go in this area of study. Point pattern techniques include standard distance, standard deviational ellipses, gradient analysis and space and space-time clustering. Line methods include random walks, vectors and graph theory or network analysis. Under areas, location quotients, standardized mortality ratios, Poisson probabilities, space and space-time clustering, autocorrelation measures and hierarchical clustering are discussed. Surface techniques mentioned are isolines and trend surfaces. For map comparisons, Lorenz curves, coefficients of areal correspondence and correlation coefficients have been used. Case-control matching, acquaintance networks, multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis are examples of methods that are based on relative or non metric spaces. The review gives rise to the discussion of several general points: problems encountered in spatial analysis, theory building and verification, the appropriate role of technique and computer use. Some suggestions are made for further use of spatial analytic techniques in medical geography: Monte Carlo simulation of point patterns, network analysis to study referral systems and health care for pastoralists, geographic information systems to assess environmental risk, difference mapping for disease and risk factor map comparisons and multidimensional scaling to measure social distance. PMID- 3493537 TI - Disease and development: ciguatera fish poisoning. AB - Ciguatera, a form of fish poisoning with a pantropical distribution, has been a recognized health problem in the Caribbean and the Pacific for centuries (in the decade from 1973 to 1983 for the island Pacific region as a whole, reported incidence, conservatively 20% of actual incidence, was 97/100,000). Island peoples in subsistence communities have developed strategies to minimize its impact. These strategies are less effective when people move to towns, cities and wage labor. The existence of ciguatoxic fish, which are indistinguishable from those that are not, has serious implications for development in island states. Furthermore, development activities which result in disruption of the marine environment increase the potential for ciguatoxic biotopes. The distribution of this health risk in the Pacific region is presented, adaptive strategies discussed, and implications for health, nutrition, resource development and tourism explored. PMID- 3493538 TI - Modelling the incidence of childhood diarrhea. AB - Diarrheal disease is a primary cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Significant reduction depends on the identification of high risk households which can be targetted for proven-effective interventions, such as oral rehydration therapy. This paper describes the development of a household risk assessment model in the context of an on-going diarrheal disease control in Grenada. Contingency and logit analyses of household survey data are used to identify easily observed markers of high-risk households. A three-variable logit model gives accurate predictions of self-reported diarrhea, showing that the approach can be used to develop an effective and efficient risk assessment tool. PMID- 3493539 TI - Prolonged rectal bleeding associated with hemorrhoids: the diagnostic contribution of colonoscopy. AB - We studied 387 patients with prolonged rectal bleeding and hemorrhoids (grades 2 and 3) routinely examined by anoscopy, proctoscopy, single contrast barium enema, and hemoglobin measurements. Normal results were obtained in 86 patients above the age of 40. Total colonoscopy in these patients revealed one patient (1.2%) with cancer, 19 (22.1%) with colorectal polyps, and one (1.2%) with angiodysplasia. These findings indicate that in patients above age 40, a full investigation of the large bowel should be done in every case of prolonged rectal bleeding despite the presence of substantial hemorrhoids. Double contrast barium enema or colonoscopy must be used, rather than single contrast barium enema, which proved to be an inaccurate method of investigating prolonged rectal bleeding. PMID- 3493540 TI - Pancreaticoduodenectomy for duodenal bleeding due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AB - A variant of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may be gastrointestinal bleeding with no other classical symptoms. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of surgical resection as treatment of duodenal bleeding from telangiectatic lesions. PMID- 3493541 TI - Endocarditis caused by beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae. AB - We have described a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by beta-lactamase producing H influenzae that responded well to four weeks of cefamandole therapy. PMID- 3493542 TI - Further evaluation of the Scolitron treatment of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. AB - One hundred forty-two patients were treated by the Scolitron method of lateral electric surface stimulation (LESS) for scoliosis. Using 10 degrees progression as a failure point, clinicians reported the following: 56.3% of patients were classified as failures, 26.8% as successes; and 16.9% were still under treatment. When broken down into individual groups, true protocol patients, at risk for progression, had the lowest success rate; whereas those that were nonprotocol, and least at risk, had the highest success rate. This method should still be considered experimental and cannot be considered an alternative to bracing at this time. PMID- 3493543 TI - Changes in cerebral microvasculature in congenital hydrocephalus of the inbred rat LEW/Jms: light and electron microscopic examination. AB - The vascular apparatus in congenitally hydrocephalic rat brains was studied. The characteristic findings were structural changes in the small vessels with formation of an intracerebral cavity in the periventricular white matter. Stenotic or occluded blood vessels were located in an edematous area adjacent to the dilated lateral ventricles. Electron microscopically, the endothelial cells of capillaries and venules in the periventricular edematous region showed an irregular surface with indentations, and contained numerous plasmalemmal vesicles. Occluded capillaries were found in the border zone between the edematous and nonedematous area. These vascular changes indicate the presence of a disturbed microcirculation in the hydrocephalic brain. PMID- 3493544 TI - Epidermoid tumor of the pineal region. AB - The authors report a case of a successfully removed epidermoid tumor of the pineal region. It became possible to diagnose this kind of cyst when the contrast medium injected during ventriculography penetrated inside the tumor, thus delineating its lamellae. PMID- 3493545 TI - Primary intraventricular traumatic hemorrhage. AB - The history of five patients, having developed intraventricular bleeding following head injury, was reviewed. Only two patients survived, one of whom eventually lapsed into a persistent vegetative state. The only patient showing good recovery was an 8-year-old girl. Primary traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage should be considered a rare, but serious entity with a very poor prognosis. PMID- 3493546 TI - Periodontal status in relation to age of dentate middle aged women. A 12 year longitudinal and a cross-sectional population study. AB - The periodontal status was studied by means of orthopantomography in one prospective and one cross-sectional cohort study of representative samples of dentate middle aged women living in Gothenburg. The proximal bone height was assessed by measurements on the roentgenographs by aid of a five degree scale. Since loss of teeth in middleaged persons often is due to periodontal disease, also tooth loss was registered. The prospective study: Eight hundred and sixty two women belonging to age strata 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 years and born on certain dates were examined in 1968 and were re-examined in 1980. The average number of teeth lost during the 12 year observation period varied from 1.7 to 3.3 in the different age strata and the average alveolar bone height had been reduced in all age groups. About 83 per cent of the participants had a mean bone height of the same magnitude at both occasions, while about 5 per cent showed a considerable progression of bone loss. The percentage of individuals showing greater bone loss was the lowest among those who were 50 years old at the first examination. The progression of bone loss during the observation period did not seem to be related to the initial periodontal status. The cross-sectional cohort study included four samples, viz. 38 and 50 years old women from each of the 1968 and 1980 examinations. Some improvement of the dental state had occurred from 1968 to 1980 as evidenced from the number of remaining teeth. The 38 year old women had on an average 2.1 teeth more in 1980 compared to participants of the same age 12 years earlier. In 50 year old women the corresponding figure was 2.5 teeth. The percentage of 38 year old women with greater than or equal to 22 remaining teeth had increased from about 73 to 90 per cent in the 1968 and 1980 cohorts respectively. The corresponding figures for 50 year old women were 48 per cent in 1968 and 67 per cent in 1980. Also the periodontal state was somewhat better in the 1980 cohorts: More than 65 per cent of the women in the 38 year cohort had only slight bone loss in 1980 compared to 49 per cent in the 1968 one. In the 50 year old cohort 32 per cent of the women showed only a slight bone loss in 1980 compared to 23 per cent in 1968. PMID- 3493547 TI - Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3493549 TI - [Adverse effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy]. PMID- 3493550 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of rheumatologic diseases]. PMID- 3493548 TI - Drug treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 3493552 TI - Evidence that cyclophosphamide is a strong inhibitor of human B cell proliferation. PMID- 3493551 TI - Suppression of humoral immunity in inbred mice by dieldrin. AB - The effect of single, sublethal i.p. injection of dieldrin on the primary antibody response to thymodependent (sheep red blood cells, SRBC) and T-cell independent (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) antigens were investigated in inbred C57Bl/6 mice. Time-course studies showed significant suppression of the anti-SRBC IgM and anti-LPS IgM response at 7-24 days and at 4-14 days, respectively, after exposure to 0.6 LD50 of dieldrin. The anti-SRBC IgG response was also suppressed by dieldrin exposure, however, maximal suppressory effect was found at 48 days after the pesticide exposure. Similar patterns of the dieldrin-induced suppression of the primary IgM response to the thymodependent and T-cell independent antigens, in addition to the overall control of cytotoxicity of lymphoid cell populations, suggest rather dysfunction of cellular cooperation during the inductory phase of the immune humoral response. PMID- 3493553 TI - Differentiation antigens associated with the function of alloreactive T lymphocytes. PMID- 3493554 TI - Structure and function of HLA molecules. PMID- 3493555 TI - Inhibition of T cell colony formation by histamine: blockage of histamine inhibition by cimetidine. PMID- 3493556 TI - Polyclonal activation of rat T lymphocytes by RT6 alloantisera. PMID- 3493558 TI - Recognition and response to alloantigens. PMID- 3493557 TI - Functional analysis of T cell subsets and clones in human renal allograft rejection. PMID- 3493560 TI - Anti-T3 induced cytotoxicity: the role of target cell Fc-receptors in the lysis of autologous monocytes and the Fc-independent lysis of T3-positive target cells. PMID- 3493559 TI - Are lytic granules and perforin 1 involved in lysis induced by in vivo-primed peritoneal exudate cytolytic T lymphocytes? AB - We examined whether in vivo-primed, alloimmune, peritoneal exudate CTL obtained directly from the animal kill TC by perforating their membranes with C-like lesions produced by P1 or P2 originating in cytolytic granules of the CTL. In control experiments lytic granules were isolated from the formerly lytic CTLL-2 line as well as from Con A-activated lymphoblasts but not from the in vivo-primed CTL. The use of anti-P1 of CTLL-2 origin supports the above results in that immunoblots were positive with CTLL-2 extracts and isolated granules thereof but negative with extracts and isolated (nonlytic) granules from in vivo primed CTL; immunofluorescence of permeabilized cells gave similar results. We observed typical "ring structures" on EL4 membranes attacked by Ab + C as well as after exposure to lytic granules extracted from the formerly lytic CTLL-2 line; however, no such "structures" were observed after attack by the in vivo-primed CTL. These results are at variance with the recent suggestion of a common lytic mechanism--employed by CTL--of secreted lytic granules containing P1 (and P2) thereof that acts analogously to C9. An alternative mechanism for CTL-induced lysis not involving initial perforation of the TC membrane by 160A "holes" (Poly P1) has been presented elsewhere. It is important to note that our results with in vivo-primed CTL do not preclude involvement of a secreted, pore (channel) forming agent(s) that is not observed by negative staining EM. PMID- 3493561 TI - Cellular infiltrates in allografts. PMID- 3493562 TI - Effector mechanisms in allograft rejection. PMID- 3493563 TI - Suppression of graft-versus-host reaction in rats by pretreatment of donor cells with a non-cytotoxic immunosuppressive serum. PMID- 3493564 TI - The use of allogeneic stimulation and exogenous interleukin for syngeneic tumor rejection. AB - Increased survival in the syngeneic tumor-challenged host was accomplished by the addition of exogenous IL-2 with syngeneic tumor and by simultaneous administration of allogeneic plus syngeneic tumor cells. Whether the mechanisms responsible for this increased longevity are due to the same type of modulation of the immune system is undetermined. These results, however, suggest a therapeutic method of manipulating tumor and IL administration to trigger a sluggish or nonreactive immune system to respond in situations in which it otherwise would not be programmed to react. PMID- 3493565 TI - Heterogeneity of HLA-DR5 detected by serologic, cellular, and molecular techniques. PMID- 3493566 TI - Unusual functional and biochemical properties of DR molecules from the HLA-DR1, B14 haplotype. PMID- 3493567 TI - An autoreactive T cell clone derived after allostimulation in vitro: evidence for recognition of a polymorphic self major histocompatibility complex class II gene product. PMID- 3493568 TI - Minor histocompatibility loci complexity. PMID- 3493569 TI - Effect of cyclosporine A on early stages of T cell activation. PMID- 3493570 TI - Correlation between two-color flow cytometry quantitation of activated T cells and acute allograft rejection. PMID- 3493571 TI - Immunobiology and immunogenetics synopsis. PMID- 3493572 TI - [Mitotic division of differentiated neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of adult amphibians]. AB - By means of multiple 3H-thymidine administration to adult frogs, a direct electron microscopic radioautographic evidence is first by presented regarding the possibility of an in vivo mitotic division of differentiated hypothalamic peptidergic neurosecretory cells. The absence of any signs of cytoplasmic dedifferentiation, as well as a poor development of spindle microtubules in this cell may be suggestive of a polyploidizing, possibly acytokinetic mitotic process occurring in such kind of cells. PMID- 3493573 TI - Growth inhibition of murine colonic adenocarcinoma by tumor immune but not by IL 2-activated or alloactivated lymphocytes. AB - The antigenic profile of C-26 and C-51 BALB/c colonic adenocarcinomas was examined by in vivo and in vitro assays. Mice immunized with irradiated C-26 or C 51 tumor cells from freshly excised tumor nodules or from in vitro-growing cell lines were able to reject a challenge of both tumors. Spleen lymphocytes of immune but not of normal mice were effective in cross-inhibiting tumor growth in vivo in a Winn assay. Tissue-associated antigens common to C-26 and C-51 and to their metastases but not to other syngeneic neoplasms were detected in vitro by cytotoxic T lymphocytes obtained after 5 days of a secondary culture of immune lymphocytes and irradiated tumor cells. Activated lymphocytes were obtained by exposure of spleen cells to interleukin 2 or by allostimulation. Such lymphocytes, although cytotoxic in vitro on C-26 and C-51 carcinomas, were unable to significantly reduce in vivo tumor growth in the Winn assay. PMID- 3493574 TI - [Intrauterine palpation after vaginal delivery in patients with previous cesarean sections]. PMID- 3493575 TI - [Anti-IgA antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3493576 TI - [Chemiluminescence of peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in patients recovering from burn injuries of the eyes]. PMID- 3493577 TI - [Status of the immune system in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages from chronic gastroduodenal ulcers]. AB - Based on a comparative study of indices of the cell and humoral immunity in patients with different degree of blood loss in the posthemorrhagic and postoperative periods the author has established that they are characterized by a stable proportion of different populations of lymphocytes with the deficiency of immune competent cells and increased content of lymphocytes without T and B lymphocyte specific markers. The concentration of 3 main classes of immunoglobulins G, A and M is maintained within normal limits even at severe blood loss which discloses great compensatory abilities of the immune system. PMID- 3493578 TI - [Surgical tactics in the esophago-gastric hemorrhages of liver cirrhosis patients]. AB - The character of the source and rate of bleeding were taken into consideration in determining the surgical tactics in 342 patients with cirrhosis of the liver complicated by gastro-esophageal bleedings and with high risk of their appearance. The operation of choice is thought to be arrest of the gastro esophageal collateral blood flow. At high portal pressure or its considerable growing after the separating operation the latter should be associated with vascular anastomosis. When cirrhosis of the liver is associated with ulcer disease of the duodenum the separating operation should be added by selective proximal vagotomy, for ulcer disease of the stomach--by a parsimonious resection. PMID- 3493579 TI - [Ultrasonic cavitation in the treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children]. AB - The authors observed 82 children. Ultrasonic cavitation of the infection focus was used in 41 of them, which resulted in a rapid decrease of the level of intoxication and stabilisation of immunological indices. The duration of treatment was 15 days shorter. The process of changing into the chronic form was 20% instead of 35.2%. PMID- 3493580 TI - Anterior corneal dystrophy of American Dutch belted rabbits: biomicroscopic and histopathologic findings. AB - Spontaneously occurring anterior corneal opacities were present in related, juvenile American Dutch belted rabbits. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed focal opacities of epithelium, basement membrane, and subepithelial corneal stroma. Lesions were characterized histologically by thin and disorganized surface epithelium, thickened and intensely staining epithelial basement membrane, fimbriated and irregular basement membrane-stromal juncture, and disorganized subepithelial stroma. Biomicroscopic and histopathologic features of anterior corneal dystrophy of American Dutch belted rabbits appear similar to those of human anterior corneal dystrophies. PMID- 3493581 TI - Electro-immobilisation of sheep may not reduce the aversiveness of a painful treatment. AB - Sheep were repeatedly chased down a race and were then either subjected to the noise of a shearing handpiece or had wool shaved off. An increase in the time that had to be spent pushing the sheep down the race indicated that the latter treatment was aversive. Similar results were obtained when the sheep were subjected to the same two treatments while electro-immobilised. This throws doubt on the analgesic effectiveness of electro-immobilisation. PMID- 3493582 TI - Immune response during coccidiosis in SC and FP chickens. I. In vitro assessment of T cell proliferation response to stage-specific parasite antigens. AB - Development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and comparative effectiveness of different stage-specific coccidia antigens in T cell activation during avian coccidiosis were evaluated in two inbred strains of chickens using a specific in vitro T cell proliferation assay. Lymphocytes from chickens infected with different Eimeria spp. showed proliferative response to sporozoites, merozoites or Eimeria soluble antigen (Esa) excreted by cultured parasites. Detectable CMI response was observed at 21 day P.I. in chickens infected with E. tenella and E. maxima. Generally lower T cell response was observed in chickens infected with E. acervulina. Merozoites were highly immunogenic compared to sporozoites. Esa prepared from cultured parasites was as effective as whole parasites in evoking a T cell response. Although strain variation in T cell response to parasites or Esa was observed during a primary infection, substantially enhanced T cell response was observed 3 days after a secondary infection in both strains of chickens. The results of the present investigation suggest that Esa may be a major parasite antigen released to the immune system during early stages of infection and relevant to the development of protective immunity. PMID- 3493583 TI - Transcription map of the African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus. AB - The S1 endonuclease mapping technique was employed to characterize polyadenylated RNA molecules encoded by the African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) in B-lymphoblastoid cells of human origin infected with the virus. Two groups of stable transcripts of opposite polarities were identified and mapped. By analogy with other papovaviruses, these molecules were designated as "early" and "late" RNAs. The early transcripts include two RNA molecules consisting of a colinear 3' "main body" of about 1.9 kb spliced to 5' "leaders" of 0.26 and 0.60 kb, respectively. These molecules are presumably mRNAs encoding the LPV large T and small t antigens. Shorter, less abundant early RNA molecules have also been detected but have not been mapped. The late RNAs include three molecules, of which two consist of a common leader of 0.22 kb spliced to main bodies of 1.2 and 1.85 kb, respectively. The third late transcript of 2.3 kb is colinear. These late transcripts are presumably mRNAs encoding the LPV capsid proteins. A survey of the LPV DNA sequence published by M. Pawlita, A. Clad, and H. zur Hausen (1985, Virology 143, 196-211) allowed tentative assignment of the termini and splice sites of the various RNAs to nucleotides in the DNA sequence. The LPV transcription map is similar but not entirely analogous to those of polyoma virus and simian virus 40. These distinctions support a previous classification of LPV as a member of a new subgroup of the polyomaviruses. PMID- 3493584 TI - [Drug therapy of rheumatic disorders in the light of European and worldwide experience]. PMID- 3493585 TI - [Bone marrow T- and B-lymphocytes following exposure to decimeter waves (experimental study)]. PMID- 3493586 TI - [Dynamics of somatopsychic relations in response to bitemporal exposure to a UHF (27.12 MHz) electric field in various gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 3493587 TI - [Bitemporal use of steady and pulsatile UHF electrical fields in the treatment of patients with climacteric myocardiodystrophies]. PMID- 3493588 TI - [Effect of levamisole on T- and B-lymphocyte counts in viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 3493589 TI - [Liver function in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease combined with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 3493590 TI - [In vivo study of the protective action of the splenocytes from CBA strain mice immunized with an inactivated nonconcentrated rabies vaccine]. AB - An inactivated unconcentrated rabies vaccine was demonstrated to induce the production of T-killers which in adoptive transfer protect 38-43% of recipients challenged intramuscularly with street rabies virus. The production of T-killers depends on the dose and schedule of the antigen inoculation. T-killers in vivo were strictly specific and manifested their protective effect only in syngeneic but not in allogeneic system. PMID- 3493592 TI - [Specificity of disease category-related work disability and the effect of repeated and long-term invalidation on morbidity status at a slaughtering and processing plant]. PMID- 3493591 TI - Abnormal cellular and humoral immunity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in long-term remission. AB - The effects of multiagent chemotherapy were evaluated in 36 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in long-term remission. Decreased numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, T cells and T-cell subpopulations (T(M), T(G), T4 [helper] and T8 [suppressor]) were found. Additional abnormalities were reduced numbers of natural killer (NK) cells, assayed using the myeloid/erythroid K562 cell line, and impaired immunoglobulin production by pokeweek mitogen (PWM)-stimulated, cultured mononuclear cells. Patients tested a year after chemotherapy was stopped showed a return to normal levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, T, T(M) and T(G) cells. NK cells and the T4 cells, however, remain low, whereas the T8 cell numbers return to normal, and the helper to suppressor cell ratio remains abnormal for about three years. In experiments on PWM-stimulated cocultured cells, immunoglobulin production was decreased and abnormal T-cells, defective suppressor cell immunoregulation and relatively normal B-cell function were detected. The abnormal findings were probably the result of the multiagent chemotherapy. PMID- 3493594 TI - [Neopterin determination and lymphocyte marker analysis using monoclonal antibodies--possibilities of determining the immunologic system for indicating diagnostic and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 3493593 TI - Contribution of pancreatic edema and short-term ischemia to experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat. II. Behaviour of serum parameters. AB - The biochemical characterization of experimental acute pancreatitis was performed by determination of the secretory enzymes lipase and alpha-amylase, of the cytoplasmic ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), of total protein and calcium concentration in serum of rats. The moderate and protracted course of the pathological process in the small animal model presented allowed to study the initial phase from 1-24 h. In the first 4-8 h most massive enzyme release into the intravasal space was observed. The level of enzyme activities was correlating with the severity of assault. One noxa alone (ischemia or juice edema) resulted in a moderate enzyme release (lipase : 2-2.5 fold of control). The action of both noxae caused a drastical increase in enzyme activities in the initial phase lipase : 8-20 fold, ALAT: 7 fold, alpha-Amylase: 2.5 fold). 24 h postoperatively the serum enzyme activities were at distinct pathological level. At this time acute pancreatitis provoked already a decreased serum protein content. A hypocalcemia was not observed. PMID- 3493595 TI - [Results of orthotopic small intestine transplantation in rats in the MHC and non MHC different systems]. PMID- 3493596 TI - [Malignant melanoma: increase in incidence and mortality in West Germany]. AB - Based on official statistics of causes of deaths and data from regional cancer registers as well as clinical epidemiological data from our clinic, incidence and mortality of malignant melanoma of the skin (MM) in Germany has been analysed. Between 1970 and 1980, the mortality rate of MM according to age rose by 20% for both men and women; the regional incidence in the Saarland, for example, increased by more than 50% (men: 3.4 to 4.6; women: 3.2 to 6.0 per 100,000 inhabitants a year). The earlier development of the MM mortality can be estimated by analysing the mortality of skin cancers in general. In the age groups between 30 and 69 years, the skin cancer mortality was nearly exclusively caused by MM; the mortality rates according to age increased between 1955 and 1980 by more than 100% for men and by more than 75% for women. According to all available data, the MM incidence in West Germany in 1980 was estimated to be 5 per 100,000 inhabitants for men and 8 per 100,000 inhabitants for women. Assuming a continuous increase of incidences, we expect 5,500 new MM cases in 1985. PMID- 3493597 TI - [Results of coronary revascularization in occluded coronary arteries]. AB - In a total of 82 patients (age 37-71 years) with an occluded left anterior descending artery (LAD) the results of coronary revascularization were evaluated 7 months postoperatively on average. In all patients the indications for revascularization was given by clinical symptoms (angina pectoris) or by prognostic reasons. In patients with multivessel disease. In patients with anterior wall infarction viable myocardium was proven by thallium-scintigram at rest and during exercise. 29 patients were evaluated by coronary angiography postoperatively, in 19 patients the angiograms of the left ventricle could be assessed quantitatively. Total patency rate was 76%, for the LAD 69%, for the circumflex artery 73% and for the right coronary artery 83%. The relatively low patency rate for the LAD was caused by an increased collateral flow to the occluded LAD and therefore by a significantly lower bypass flowrate measured during surgery. Angina pectoris improved markedly, 55% of patients had angina pectoris class III or IV versus 10% postoperatively. These changes were observed in all patients irrespectively of patency rate or occluded grafts to the LAD. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction did not change on average after revascularization. Only end-diastolic volume increased significantly in patients with an occluded graft to the LAD. There was a tendency of the end-systolic volume to decrease postoperatively in patients with complete revascularization or at least an open graft to the LAD. The results show a similar clinical improvement in these patients with occluded LAD as shown after "usual" revascularization in other patients. Preoperative coronary angiograms are helpful in judging the postoperative outcome of grafts to the occluded LAD. PMID- 3493598 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin in gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 3493599 TI - [Disorders of T-cell immunity in patients with focal scleroderma]. PMID- 3493600 TI - [Biseptol in the treatment of bacterial diseases of the skin]. PMID- 3493601 TI - Duplication of the entire small intestine--a case report. AB - The authors report a case of duplication of the entire small intestine manifested by frequent haemorrhages originating from a peptic ulcer located distally to the duplication. The peptic ulcer was provoked by the ectopic gastric mucosa of the duplication. Surgery consisted "stripping" the mucosa of the duplicated tract according to Wrenn's technique. Other surgical methods for treating this malformation are discussed in detail. The literature describing similar cases is reviewed. PMID- 3493603 TI - [Current problems of sexually transmitted diseases]. AB - Survey about the actual situation of the epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy of STD. Results of the improvement of cultural diagnosis of gonorrhoe and of high dose treatment of syphilis are discussed intensively. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reviewed concerning clinical aspects. PMID- 3493602 TI - [Quantification of SS-B autoantibodies in patient sera using highly purified human SS-B antigens and their clinical interpretation]. AB - For the identification of SS-B autoantibodies in the sera of patients with rheumatic diseases (n = 319) a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using highly purified human SS-B antigen as a reference antigen. In 30/319 patients' sera SS-B autoantibodies were detected. In this group, the ratio female : male patients was outstandingly high (29:1), the serum of the single male patient exhibiting the lowest titer of SS-B autoantibodies. The highest portion of anti-SS-B positive sera was observed in the group of patients with systemic Lupus erythematosus (48%) followed by the groups with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (17%), Sjogren-syndrome (13%) and rheumatoid arthritis (6%). The protein components reacting with human SS-B autoantibodies were characterized in permanent cell lines of various species. In each of 9 human cell lines only one component with a molecular weight of 49 kD reacted; in cell lines of other species analogously, only one component reacted, showing slightly different molecular weights depending on the species. The SS-B antigen isolated from human cells contained at least 7 isoelectric variants, all reacting with human SS-B autoantibodies. PMID- 3493605 TI - [Etiology of acute bronchitis in young children]. AB - In the microbiological examination of 132 children aged 0-3 years with acute bronchitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae at a concentration of greater than or equal to 10(4) cells/ml, as well as different species of opportunistic bacteria, were isolated from tracheobronchial washings obtained from 100 of these children. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were found to play the leading role in the etiology of the acute bacterial inflammatory process in acute bronchitis in children. PMID- 3493606 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusogenic cerebral arachnoiditis]. AB - The authors studied 100 patients with rhinosinusogenic cerebral arachnoiditis who were treated in a neurosurgical clinic. Seventy-eight patients presented optochiasmal arachnoiditis: 12 had trigeminal neuralgia; 1, arachnoiditis of the cerebellopontile angle; 6, arachnoiditis of the convex surface of the brain; and 3, the hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome due to occlusion of the CSF routes. The authors emphasize the necessity of X-ray examination of the nasal sinuses in all patients when an inflammatory intracranial process is suspected. The treatment of rhinosinusogenic cerebral arachnoiditis consisted of the sanitation of the nasal sinuses and the performance of different neurosurgical operations for arachnoiditis complications. The patients also received antiinflammatory, dehydration, detoxication, and resorptive therapy. Such combined treatment resulted in regression of neurological symptoms in 82 patients. PMID- 3493604 TI - [Stretch receptors of the lungs in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - In experiments on isolated lungs, studies have been made on the activity of single afferent fibers during simulated expiration and inspiration. Both slowly adapting and rapidly adapting voluminous stretch receptors were found in the frog lungs. The latter type exhibits the activity also during fast simulated expiration. Using acetylcholine and histamine, it was shown that the level of excitability of the receptors investigated depends on functional condition of the plain muscles in the pulmonary wall. PMID- 3493607 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials and their dynamics among trigeminal neuralgia patients during reflexotherapy]. AB - The study of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia made it possible to elucidate their characteristic changes as compared to those in healthy subjects. After a course of acupuncture 75% of the patients showed correlation between some parameters of SSEP and positive clinical results. The authors discuss pathophysiological mechanisms of impairment of cortico subcortical interactions in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and analyze the possibility of using SSEP for dynamic evaluation of the brain status in the process of treatment. PMID- 3493608 TI - Sulprostone in the control of postpartum haemorrhage. AB - A PGE2 analogue, Sulprostone was administered to control the postpartum haemorrhage, immediately after the baby was born, to 74 healthy patients, who had normal pregnancy and delivery. Divided into three groups they received 50 or 100 micrograms intravenously, or 200 micrograms intramuscularly. The results were compared with those of a group of 54 patients, which received 0.2 mg methylergometrine i.m. and 5 IU oxytocin i.v. respectively. The blood loss was measured during the third stage of labour and during two hours thereafter. The pilot dose of 50 micrograms was not effective enough. The blood loss in the group of 100 micrograms i.v. was 386 +/- 175 ml, in the group of 200 micrograms i.m. 325 +/- 197 ml, and in the methylergometrine-oxytocin group 302 +/- 202 ml. Sulprostone 200 micrograms i.m. seems to be effective treatment to control the postpartum haemorrhage. Only four patients had mild side-effects after Sulprostone administration. PMID- 3493609 TI - [Surgical approach in acute myocardial infarct in an experiment on dogs]. PMID- 3493610 TI - Preparation and cytologic evaluation of intraocular fluids. AB - The cytologic analysis of intraocular fluids obtained during vitreous surgery and anterior chamber aspiration can confirm the diagnosis of many intraocular conditions, including phacolytic glaucoma, fungal infection, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, intraocular neoplasm, ghost-cell glaucoma and certain inflammatory conditions. This paper describes our technique for processing intraocular fluids for cytologic examination and presents our findings in over 300 intraocular fluid specimens. PMID- 3493611 TI - The relationship of HLA-DR3 and outcome after antithyroid drugs to the IgG subclass distribution of thyroid autoantibodies in Graves' disease. AB - We have examined the IgG subclass distribution of thyroglobulin (Tg) and microsomal (M) autoantibodies in 31 patients with Graves' disease before and after treatment with carbimazole. IgG1 and IgG2 subclass antibodies were detected before treatment in nearly all patients, and in over a third there was an excess of activity in the IgG3 and IgG4 subclasses. There were significant differences between the IgG subclasses composing Tg and M antibodies (less IgG1 and IgG3 but more IgG2 in the latter). Patients who were HLA-DR3-positive had significantly lower levels of IgG4 in M antibodies than in those who were DR3-negative. A variety of changes were found after treatment, and these depended on whether the patient entered remission or relapse. In particular, IgG1 levels of M antibodies were consistently higher in the relapse group, whereas after 1 year in remission IgG4 levels fell, and IgG2 levels rose. These results show preferential production of certain IgG subclasses composing thyroid autoantibodies in Graves' disease which appears to be associated with HLA-DR3 status and the response to antithyroid drugs. PMID- 3493612 TI - [Epidemiology and mortality in upper digestive tract hemorrhage. Prospective study of 100 cases]. PMID- 3493613 TI - [Platelet dysfunction in patients with essential thrombocythemia--acquired von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3493614 TI - Propofol vs thiopentone as anaesthetic agents for short operative procedures. AB - In a randomized open study, 120 healthy female patients were included. For short gynaecological procedures they were anaesthetized with either propofol 2.5 mg X kg-1 (n = 60) or thiopentone 5 mg X kg-1 (n = 60) in combination with nitrous oxide/oxygen (67%/33%). Supplementary doses of propofol (10-20 mg) or thiopentone (25-50 mg) were given when necessary during the procedure. Induction characteristics for propofol and thiopentone 1 min after start of induction were similar. Propofol seemed to have a more depressant effect than thiopentone on the circulatory response to anaesthesia. Recovery times from the end of the operative procedure until the patients opened their eyes on command and were orientated were shorter in the propofol patients compared to the thiopentone patients. In the propofol group, patients recalled discomfort on injection more often than patients anaesthetized with thiopentone. Otherwise, the side-effects were similar in both groups. We conclude that propofol is similar to thiopentone in its anaesthetic qualities during induction and maintenance of short anaesthetic procedures. Propofol was associated with a more rapid emergence from anaesthesia than thiopentone. PMID- 3493615 TI - Neuropsychological differentiation between normal aging, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. AB - A random sample of 182 elderly community residents and 211 demented patients were studied using the D-Test Battery based on the Luria's neuropsychological investigation method. A steady but selective cognitive impairment was observed with increasing age in normal healthy subjects. The most sensitive areas of cognition to the effects of normal aging were mnestic and conceptual functions, as well as arithmetical skills. The age-related changes could be clearly differentiated from the changes found in patients with mild degree of dementia. The test also differentiated patients with mild, moderate and severe dementia from each other on the basis of their social competence. It failed to demonstrate specific patterns of impairment and to clearly differentiate between patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia who had the same degree of cognitive decline. Further qualitative analyses are needed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the test. PMID- 3493617 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with cerebral angiitis and reduced cerebral blood flow. AB - Two patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) who experienced a delayed contralateral hemiparesis, the so-called crossed zoster syndrome, are described. Particular emphasis is paid to the cerebral blood flow (CBF) findings studied with the Xenon-133 inhalation technique using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In a 40-year-old female with right-sided hemiparesis, angiography showed multiple segmental narrowings of the intracerebral arteries. Cerebral computer tomography (CT) scans were normal. The CBF studied 11 months after the HZO showed a generalized reduction of flow which, however, was more pronounced in the left hemisphere. On re-examination 8 months later both the mean hemispheric flow and regional CBF (rCBF) had increased to normal values. In a 66 year-old male with dysphasia and right-sided hemiparesis, cerebral CT scans demonstrated two small deep left-sided infarcts. CBF examination showed a generalized reduction of flow in the left hemisphere. The flow was slightly increased on re-examination 12 months later. These findings suggest that the Xenon-133 inhalation method represents a useful way to demonstrate the CBF pattern in this group of patients. PMID- 3493618 TI - Identifying children at high somatic risk: long-term effects on mother-child interaction. AB - The identification of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) by neonatal screening was hypothesized to have had negative long-term effects on the mother-child relationship. This hypothesis was tested by studying selected aspects of mother child interaction in a structured task situation in the home, and comparing 53 cases with clinically healthy 5-7-year-old children with ATD versus 52 control cases with children without ATD. The mothers in the two groups did not differ notably from each other. However, as compared with controls, ATD-children were found to evidence considerably more problematic behavior in interacting with their mothers (being e.g. inappropriately childish, silly, precocious, inhibited, tense, irritated). The findings were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of a negative long-term effect of identifying the child's ATD. PMID- 3493616 TI - Cerebral blood flow in acute and chronic ischemic stroke using xenon-133 inhalation tomography. AB - Serial measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were performed in 12 patients with acute symptoms of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. CBF was measured by xenon-133 inhalation and single photon emission computer tomography. Six patients had severe strokes and large infarcts on the CT scan. They showed in the acute phase (Days 1-3) very large low-flow areas, larger than the hypodense areas seen on the CT scan. The cerebral vasoconstrictor and vasodilator capacity was tested in the acute phase following aminophylline and acetazolamide, respectively. A preserved but reduced reactivity was seen at both tests in all 6 cases in the infarct and the peri-infarct areas. On Days 5-25, 4 of the patients had transitory increases (59-108%) of CBF, probably corresponding to lysis of an intracerebral embolic occlusion. The other 2 patients showed on Days 7-15 only a moderate CBF increase (appr. 20%), both had occlusion of the relevant internal carotid artery. In all 6 patients, CBF studies at 2 and 6 months resembled the acute phase, showing large areas with reduced flow. At the 6 months follow-up, the vasodilatory stress test was repeated, and all but one showed a preserved but reduced vasoreactivity in the infarct and peri-infarct tissue. Of the remaining 6 patients, one had a pontine infarct and one had no lesions on the CT scan, both having normal angiograms and CBF maps. Four patients had small deep or subcortical CT lesions, and showed a slight, but persistent CBF reduction of about 6-8% in the parietal region on the affected side. No changes in the flow pattern were seen at the vasoreactive studies. A likely explanation for the finding of superjacent low-flow areas is an intrahemispheric uncrossed diaschisis. This interpretation is discussed in relation to the peri-infarct low flow area seen in the 6 cases with large infarcts. PMID- 3493620 TI - [Impact of intensive care in the problem of upper digestive tract hemorrhages]. PMID- 3493619 TI - Presence of antibodies against adult T cell leukemia antigen in the patients with chronic respiratory diseases. AB - The presence of antibodies against adult T cell leukemia antigen (ATLA) was studied in 59 patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Of 13 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis, 3, who developed adult T cell leukemia, had the anti ATLA antibody and 8 had the related, anti-ATLA-like antibody. Of 13 cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, 8 had the anti-ATLA-like antibody. Except for only one case, these antibodies were not detected in 33 patients with bronchial asthma or sarcoidosis and 20 healthy adults examined. These results suggested that the test of these antibodies would be useful for the diagnosis of diffuse panbronchiolitis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia which frequently develop lung cancers. PMID- 3493621 TI - Toxins and Parkinson's disease: MPTP parkinsonism in humans and animals. PMID- 3493622 TI - Tissue culture model for studying MPTP toxicity to dopamine neurons. PMID- 3493624 TI - Changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in the MPTP primate model of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493623 TI - Characterization of [3H]MPTP binding sites. PMID- 3493625 TI - Endogenous analogs of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: indoleamine derived tetrahydro-beta-carbolines as potential causative factors in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493626 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: disease distribution and hypothesis formulation. AB - In the last 30 years, there have been several studies reporting morbidity rates for PD. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios from these investigations range from a low of 30/100,000 to a high of 180/100,000. Data from one population (Rochester, Minnesota) indicate virtually no change in the incidence rates in 35 years. In general, reported prevalence figures have been higher among Caucasians when compared to black or Oriental populations. Studies show an increasing prevalence ratio with age, and many reveal a higher risk for men. However, these investigations usually relied on records of health care providers (mainly hospitals and medical practitioners) in the identification of cases. Excluded from the resulting morbidity data are individuals who failed to seek medical attention for their symptoms or individuals who were improperly diagnosed. Among the various investigations, the differences in study methods, levels of case ascertainment, and definitions of PD could account for the variation in the reported morbidity estimates. To minimize these problems, a standard methodology using a door-to-door survey technique and uniform diagnostic criteria was developed. This study design was implemented in surveys conducted in a biracial population (blacks and whites) in the United States and in urban populations of the People's Republic of China and is currently being carried out in Nigeria. In contrast to earlier investigations, the U. S. study revealed no substantial differences in age-adjusted prevalence ratios by race. The prevalence ratios derived from the sample population of 63,195 in urban areas of China are lower than the U. S. figures based on the same methods of case identification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493628 TI - Epidemiological evaluations of risk factors in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493627 TI - Clues from epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493629 TI - Environmental and genetic factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493632 TI - Consequences of chronic 5-hydroxy-tryptophan in parkinsonian instability of gait and balance and in other neurological disorders. PMID- 3493630 TI - Relationship of aging to Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493631 TI - Development of new pharmacological approaches in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3493633 TI - T-cells in inflammation and experimental models of immune inflammation. 8th European Workshop on Inflammation. Basel, Switzerland, June 18-20, 1986. Papers. PMID- 3493634 TI - Autoimmune disorders--analysis by study of T cells, implications and speculations. PMID- 3493635 TI - Antigen-presenting cells and T cell activation. PMID- 3493636 TI - Decreased tissue immunoregulatory index in rheumatoid synovitis, determined by in situ T-cell phenotyping with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3493637 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin formation by an antigen- and Ia-restricted T-cell macrophage interaction. AB - Stimulation of macrophages by zymosan phagocytosis triggers the respiratory burst and induces an early release of lysosomal hydrolases and E-type prostaglandins (PGE). We have studied whether antigen presentation by macrophages to helper T cells elicits a comparable sequence of events. Cloned T-helper cells specific for hen egg albumin (EA) were added to histocompatible or histoincompatible resident mouse peritoneal macrophages in the presence of EA or an unrelated antigen, and the changes in biochemical parameters were monitored. The interaction between macrophages. T-helper cells and EA induced the production of PGE, but no release of lysosomal hydrolases or activation of the respiratory burst. In addition T cell proliferation was observed. By contrast, no proliferation and no biochemical changes were observed when histoincompatible macrophages or unrelated antigen were used. When the experiments were done in the presence of indomethacin to inhibit PGE release, T-cell proliferation was enhanced. These results suggest that the PGE released may exert a feed-back control of the T-cell response. PMID- 3493639 TI - The effects of anti-inflammatory agents on the serology and arthritis of the MRL lpr/lpr mouse. PMID- 3493638 TI - Molecular genetics of murine lupus. PMID- 3493640 TI - Arthritogenic activity of interleukin 1. PMID- 3493642 TI - [Interleukin 2 production in S-antigen immunized rats and effects of cyclosporine]. PMID- 3493641 TI - New insight into dexamethasone activity in lymphoblast transformation of mouse thymocytes. PMID- 3493643 TI - [Immunopharmacological studies on herpetic keratitis. The effect of corticosteroids on cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced in mouse splenocytes]. PMID- 3493644 TI - [Developmental characteristics of the primary dentition of children from a new suburb in Zagreb and a village on the outskirts of Zagreb]. PMID- 3493645 TI - MR imaging of the aortic root and proximal coronary arteries. AB - Six patients who had recently undergone selective coronary and left ventricular angiography were prospectively examined with MR to show the aortic root and proximal coronary arteries. The examinations were performed with a superconductive 1.5-T instrument with spin-echo sequences and ECG-gated multiple slices of 5-mm thickness. The location and plane direction of the scan were guided by findings on initial coronary MR scout scans and by a review of the angiograms. In four of the six patients both coronary orifices and the proximal centimeters of both coronary arteries were identified. In the remaining two, only the left proximal coronary artery was seen. Although segments of more peripherally located portions of the main coronary arteries and branches were detectable, a prospective and conclusive identification without knowledge of the angiographic anatomy would have been extremely difficult. Differential diagnostic problems, such as erroneous interpretation of pericardial recesses and coronary veins, were observed. Unsuccessful demonstration of the right coronary artery orifice in two cases coincided with more peripherally located occlusion of the vessels on the angiogram. MR with spin-echo sequences appears to be unsatisfactory for diagnosis of coronary arteriosclerotic disease, but it may be useful in other conditions that result in significant coronary dilatation, such as fistulae and aneurysms. PMID- 3493646 TI - Right atrioventricular valve atresia: anatomic evaluation with MR imaging. AB - MR was used to differentiate the classical form of tricuspid atresia, in which the atrioventricular connection is absent, from a rare type of right atrioventricular obstruction, in which the valve is imperforate, and from some Ebstein's malformations in which atrioventricular flow is obstructed by a displaced tricuspid valve. ECG-gated, T1-weighted spin-echo MR imaging was performed at 0.3 or 1.0 T in six patients with classical tricuspid atresia, in one patient with tricuspid atresia due to an imperforate tricuspid valve, and in two with Ebstein's malformation. In the patients with classical tricuspid atresia, epicardial fat within the atrioventricular sulcus that was interposed between the right atrium and the ventricular mass caused increased intensity. This finding was not present in the patients with imperforate tricuspid valve or Ebstein's malformation in whom the sulcus appeared normal. Postmortem examination of five other hearts with classical tricuspid atresia revealed epicardial fat extending into the atrioventricular sulcus, which separated the right atrium and the ventricular mass. In three hearts with Ebstein's malformation, the sulcus extended only to the level of the atrioventricular junction. The characteristic MR appearance of fat adjacent to the muscular floor of the right atrium, therefore, serves to identify the atrioventricular sulcus and allows differentiation of the types of right atrioventricular valve atresia. PMID- 3493648 TI - Detection of pleural effusions on supine chest radiographs. AB - A prospective analysis of anteroposterior supine radiographs in 34 patients was undertaken to determine the detectability of pleural effusions on supine radiographs. The presence of pleural effusions and quantity of fluid (small, moderate, or large) were evaluated by using the following radiographic signs: increased homogeneous density superimposed over the lung, loss of the hemidiaphragm silhouette, blunted costophrenic angle, apical capping, elevation of the hemidiaphragm, decreased visibility of lower-lobe vasculature, and accentuation of the minor fissure. Decubitus radiographs were performed to identify and to estimate the quantity of pleural fluid. Sixty-two hemithoraces were evaluated by three observers. From a total of 36 pleural effusions shown on decubitus views, 24 were correctly identified on supine radiographs (sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 70%, and accuracy of 67%). The most frequent but least specific criterion for detecting pleural effusions on supine radiographs is blunting of the costophrenic angle. Other helpful signs include loss of the hemidiaphragm and increased density of the hemithorax. A normal supine radiograph does not exclude a pleural effusion. Our results show that supine radiographs are only moderately sensitive and specific for the evaluation of pleural effusions. PMID- 3493649 TI - Thoracic CT in detecting occult disease in critically ill patients. AB - Bedside chest radiography is important in the detection of thoracic disease in critically ill patients. Unfortunately these studies are often of poor technical quality and are frequently difficult to interpret. Eighty-seven bedside chest radiographs and concurrent thoracic CT scans obtained in 56 critically ill patients over a 20-month period were interpreted retrospectively and independently. In most cases, the studies were obtained to search for a source of sepsis, fever, or unexplained clinical deterioration. In this series, thoracic CT added significantly more diagnostic information in 61 (70%) of these studies than was available from the corresponding bedside radiographs. Despite the difficulties of transporting critically ill patients for CT and the significant cost, our results suggest that the improved rate of detection of unsuspected thoracic disease justifies the use of CT when bedside radiographic examinations fail to adequately explain the clinical findings. PMID- 3493650 TI - Radiologic and pathologic abnormalities of the trachea in older patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The possibility of tracheal enlargement in older patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated by examining chest radiographs of 42 living adults (age range, 30-45 years) who had the disease and by performing postmortem studies (anatomic and histologic) on the tracheas of older adolescents and young adults (age range, 15-33 years) who died with the disease. Anteroposterior tracheal diameters were enlarged in 41 of the living adults. The average diameter was 1.3 +/- 0.9 SD standard deviations above the mean for normal subjects. These increases did not correlate with severity of pulmonary disease as judged radiographically. Enlargement seemed to have developed slowly, over many years or decades. A few tracheas were grossly irregular in outline. One patient had a severely increased transverse diameter of 4.7 standard deviations above the normal mean. The average transverse diameter was 0.3 +/- 1.1 SD standard deviations above the normal mean. The tracheas of adults and older adolescents who had died with cystic fibrosis were abnormally flaccid. Some collapsed suddenly during deflation. Microscopic examination showed instances of severe inflammation, focal epithelial metaplasia, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucous glands, degenerative changes in the muscle of the pars membranacea, and death of cartilage cells. The structural changes shown histologically and the many decades of frequent, vigorous coughing may be important in the enlargement of these tracheas and their flaccidity. PMID- 3493647 TI - The radiographic distinction between pericardial and myocardial calcifications. AB - Calcification overlying the left side of the heart on a chest radiograph may involve either the pericardium or, alternatively, the myocardium in association with a left ventricular aneurysm. Distinction between these two conditions can be of great clinical significance. To identify distinguishing features, we reviewed the radiographs and medical records of 29 patients: 14 had proven calcific pericarditis and 15 had proven calcified left ventricular aneurysm. Pericardial calcification was found primarily over the right-sided cardiac chambers (14 of 14 patients) and in the atrioventricular grooves (11 of 14), infrequently over the base of the left ventricle (five of 14), and rarely over the apex of the left ventricle (two of 14). When the left ventricle was involved, there was always more extensive calcification elsewhere in the pericardium. Myocardial calcification occurred predominantly in the apex of the left ventricle (13 of 15 patients), although it was rarely confined to the posterior wall of the left ventricle (two of 15). By noting characteristic sites of calcium deposition, pericardial calcification can be effectively distinguished from myocardial calcification. Isolated calcification in the region of the left ventricular apex, therefore, strongly suggests left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 3493651 TI - Early radiographic signs of tracheal rupture. AB - Early diagnosis and repair of tracheal rupture are necessary to prevent acute tension pneumothorax, airway obstruction, and chronic tracheal stenosis. Few reliable radiographic signs of tracheal rupture have been proposed. We diagnosed seven cases of tracheal rupture, two related to blunt trauma and five resulting from tracheal intubation. Early radiographic signs included orientation of the distal portion of the endotracheal tube to the right relative to the lumen of the trachea with an overdistended endotracheal balloon cuff, migration of the balloon toward the endotracheal tube tip, and pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. In four cases, the overdistended balloon with distal migration preceded the pneumomediastinum by several hours. An overdistended balloon in a patient after tracheal intubation or blunt chest trauma should suggest tracheal rupture. PMID- 3493652 TI - Localization device for occult breast lesions: use in 75 patients. PMID- 3493653 TI - MR imaging in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. AB - MR imaging examinations of 20 patients with normal pancreas and of 38 patients with suspected pancreatic disease were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the ability of MR imaging to depict the normal and abnormal pancreas, establish MR criteria for various pancreatic diseases, determine if MR imaging can distinguish among various pancreatic diseases, and compare the usefulness of MR imaging with CT. In all 20 patients with normal pancreas and in 34 of the 38 patients with suspected pancreatic disease excellent or good evaluation of the pancreas was achieved. A 0.35-T magnet (Diasonics MT/S) was used, and both T1- and T2-weighted images were needed. T1 and T2 relaxation times and MR signal intensities showed no specific pattern to allow consistent differentiation between normal and diseased pancreatic tissue or to distinguish between tumor and inflammation. In the 29 patients in whom MR and CT images could be compared, MR imaging and CT provided equivalent information in 20 (69%). In 4 patients (14%), MR imaging added information, and in 5 patients (17%) of cases, MR imaging yielded less information than CT. MR imaging of the pancreas was found to be superior to CT in selected instances, such as in the staging of pancreatic neoplasms (n = 4) and in the evaluation of pancreatic disease after surgery (n = 3). We conclude that, at present, MR imaging should not be used as the screening method for pancreatic disease but should be reserved as an adjunct when the information provided by CT is insufficient. PMID- 3493654 TI - Medication-induced esophagitis: diagnosis by double-contrast esophagography. AB - Although medication-induced esophagitis is recognized more frequently nowadays, reports of associated radiographic findings are limited. Nine cases of esophagitis associated with various medications were evaluated by using double contrast esophagography. The usual features were several discrete focal ulcerations localized to a short segment of the proximal half of the esophagus. In seven of the cases, the offending medication was an antibiotic. Symptoms resolved in about 4 days after medication was discontinued. Finding characteristic radiologic abnormalities in the appropriate clinical setting may obviate endoscopy. PMID- 3493655 TI - Indium-111 leukocyte imaging in appendicitis. AB - Indium-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy was applied to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Thirty-two patients observed in the hospital for possible appendicitis were prospectively studied. Scanning was done 2 hr after radiopharmaceutical injection. Thirteen scans were positive for acute appendicitis, and all but one were confirmed at laparotomy. In addition, two cases of colitis and two cases of peritonitis were detected. Of 15 negative studies, 11 had a benign course. Four patients with negative studies had laparotomy; two were found to have appendicitis and two had a normal appendix. Of 14 proven cases of appendicitis, 12 scans were positive for appendicitis with one false-positive scan, providing a sensitivity of 86%. Specificity was 93%: all negative cases except one had negative scans. Overall accuracy was 91% (29 of 32), comparing favorably with the accepted false-positive laparotomy rate of 25%. Use of In-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy serves to reduce the false-positive laparotomy rate and to shorten the clinical observation time in patients with acute appendicitis. PMID- 3493656 TI - Diverticulitis of the right colon: CT observations. AB - Recent reports on the CT evaluation of patients with diverticulitis of the left colon prompted a retrospective review of the CT findings in six patients with diverticulitis of the cecum and ascending colon. All had pain and tenderness in the right lower quadrant. In each case, CT findings showed regional thickening of the colonic wall, an extraluminal mass involving the cecum and/or ascending colon, haziness and linear strands in adjacent pericolic fat, and thickening of nearby fascial planes. Extraluminal air was noted in four patients, and contrast filled structures suggesting diverticula were present within the inflammatory masses of two. These results suggest that CT is a useful imaging tool in the diagnosis of right-sided diverticulitis. PMID- 3493657 TI - Silicone biliary stents. AB - Large silicone stents (9-28 French) were placed in the biliary tree of 173 patients over a 3-year period. Their use markedly reduced the incidence of catheter occlusion and sepsis. Only three cases of cholangitis and one case each of excessive bleeding and pleural effusion occurred. No skin irritation or pancreatitis occurred. The large bore of the catheter and the use of biocompatible material improved the safety and efficacy of biliary drainage. PMID- 3493658 TI - Percutaneous decompression of cecal volvulus. PMID- 3493659 TI - Diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma: a comparison of MR imaging and CT. AB - MR studies were performed in 36 patients with proven renal cell carcinoma. In 27 patients in whom a radical nephrectomy was performed, MR studies were reviewed and compared with CT and pathologic findings. Renal cell carcinomas had a varied MR signal with the most common appearance being a mass with an intensity intermediate between the renal cortex and the medulla on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. MR was similar to CT in staging renal cell carcinomas (74% for MR vs 67% for CT). Neither CT nor MR was reliable in differentiating stage I from stage II lesions. MR clearly showed venous invasion without the use of IV contrast medium and was superior to CT in differentiating lymphadenopathy from small vascular structures. Because of the limited availability, longer imaging time, and more stringent patient requirements (patients with pacemakers, intracranial aneurysm clips, life-supporting systems, and severe claustrophobia need to be excluded), the authors recommend MR only for patients with known contraindications to iodinated contrast medium, patients with prior suboptimal bolus-contrast CT studies, or patients in whom the CT findings are equivocal. PMID- 3493660 TI - Spontaneous subcapsular and perinephric hemorrhage in end-stage kidney disease: clinical and CT findings. AB - Clinical, CT, and pathologic findings were analyzed in six patients with spontaneous subcapsular or perinephric hematomas complicating end-stage kidney disease. Renal failure had been managed by hemodialysis in four patients, by renal transplantation in one, and by conservative methods in one. All patients had nonspecific abdominal pain. CT clearly showed in all cases that the pain resulted from hemorrhage and also revealed the extent and location of hematomas. In addition, in four patients, CT showed underlying acquired cystic kidney disease that was the probable cause of hemorrhage. In one of these patients, CT also showed a renal cell carcinoma in the opposite kidney. Other causes for renal hemorrhage encountered in the series included renal infarction due to small vessel disease, heparinization during hemodialysis, and thrombocytopenia. Abdominal CT is a useful technique for evaluating patients with end-stage renal disease who have abdominal pain or who exhibit clinical evidence of blood loss. PMID- 3493661 TI - Spontaneous renal hemorrhage due to cyst rupture: CT findings. PMID- 3493662 TI - Radiographic spectrum of osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 3493663 TI - Periostitis in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: relationship to disease duration. AB - The relationship of periostitis to disease duration in primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and the association of periostitis with cardiopulmonary disorders (secondary type) were studied in order to define distinguishing features between the two. Radiographic skeletal surveys were performed in 24 patients with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy to analyze pattern (single layer, multilayered, irregular) and site of involvement (diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis). The six patients with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and the 11 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease had thicker, more widespread periostitis involving the diaphysis, metaphysis, and epiphysis, in contrast to abnormalities in the seven patients with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy secondary to carcinoma of the lung. Average cortical bone widths as determined by radiogrammetric measurement of the second metacarpals were significantly greater for the patients with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (8.9 +/- 6.0 mm) and cyanotic congenital heart disease (8.5 +/- 6.4 mm) as compared with the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (6.0 +/- 3.9 mm). Correlation of radiographic patterns with duration of disease confirms that thicker, more extensive alterations are indicative of long-standing disease. The periostitis of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is therefore not dependent on the primary or secondary nature of the disease but principally on its duration. PMID- 3493664 TI - Popliteal vein thrombosis and popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm complicating osteochondroma of the femur. PMID- 3493665 TI - MR imaging of the cervical spine: neurovascular anatomy. AB - High-resolution surface-coil MR imaging reveals intricate anatomic detail of the cervical spinal canal and its neurovascular contents. Appreciation of the normal neurovascular anatomy provides a scientific foundation for the detection of disease. Sagittal, axial, and oblique MR images of normal subjects were correlated with comparable anatomic sections obtained with a cryomicrotome whole organ sectioning technique. The anterior epidural venous plexus is a prominent structure in the cervical spinal canal and was consistently identified both with cryomicrotomy and with MR in sagittal and axial planes. Epidural veins can be displaced and distorted in patients with cervical disk disease. Nerve roots including dorsal and ventral rootlets were consistently identified on axial images coursing through the subarachnoid space. Oblique-plane imaging showed nerve roots "en face" in their respective foramina; this may be a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of nerve root impingement. PMID- 3493666 TI - MR imaging of intracranial tuberous sclerosis. AB - The role of MR in evaluating tuberous sclerosis is reviewed in 15 patients. These studies were compared with CT scans, which were available in 14 patients. Four characteristic findings were noted on the MR images obtained. Subependymal nodules projecting into the lateral ventricles were seen in 12 of 15 patients on T1-weighted images. This was the most specific finding. Distortion of the normal cortical architecture was seen in 10 of 11 patients in whom T1-weighted images were obtained using a 256 X 256 matrix. These foci corresponded to multiple cortical areas of increased signal on T2-weighted images. Dilated ventricles were seen in five patients. In one patient, a known astrocytoma showed increased signal on the T2-weighted images, allowing differentiation from a benign subependymal nodule. MR depicted the cortical hamartomas more completely than did CT. The MR scans were abnormal in all cases, and a diagnosis could be confidently made in all 11 cases scanned using a 256 X 256 matrix. Our preliminary experience suggests that MR will at least equal and probably exceed CT, both for sensitivity and specificity, given the use of a 256 X 256 matrix. PMID- 3493667 TI - Surface-coil MR of orbital pseudotumor. AB - Fifteen patients with clinical presentations compatible with idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor were examined by CT and MR imaging to determine if MR could add specificity to the CT appearance of this entity. MR was performed on a 1.5 T system, using surface-coil and head-coil techniques. Idiopathic pseudotumor was confirmed in nine patients on the basis of response to steroid therapy in the absence of local cause or systemic illness. One other patient had biopsy-proven idiopathic pseudotumor. Five patients proved to have other orbital entities, including metastases, infectious myositis, hemorrhage, and orbital sarcoid. In all 10 patients with confirmed pseudotumor, CT and MR were abnormal. MR abnormalities in 10 of 10 patients with pseudotumor were hypointense to fat and isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images the lesions of pseudotumor were isointense or only minimally hyperintense to fat in nine of 10 cases; in one case, the enlarged muscle was markedly hyperintense to fat. The MR signal intensity of pseudotumor was similar to that found in infectious myositis and sarcoid. These findings contrasted to the MR appearance of the other disease entities examined. Metastases appeared markedly hyperintense to fat on T2 weighted images, while hematoma was hyperintense to muscle and isointense to fat on T1-weighted images and markedly hyperintense to fat on T2-weighted images. In our preliminary series, surface-coil MR appears to add specificity to the CT appearance of orbital pseudotumor. PMID- 3493668 TI - Use of MR imaging in an outpatient MR center. AB - Indications for MR examinations and patient characteristics are evaluated for 4561 MR examinations performed at a freestanding outpatient MR imaging center between May 1984 and June 1986. Hospitalized patients accounted for less than 3% of the case load. Examinations of the head and spine accounted for 60% and 31% of the work load, respectively. Patients 65 years or older made up 15% of the case load during 1984 and 1985 and 21% in 1986. Referrals from neurologists, internists, and neurosurgeons accounted for 56%, 11% and 9% of patients, respectively. The percentage of patients who had CT, myelography, and other imaging procedures performed before referral for MR imaging declined significantly between 1984 and 1986. Indications for examination were mostly neoplastic diseases; degenerative diseases of the CNS, including multiple sclerosis; other disorders of the CNS; and disk diseases. Approximately 40% of all examinations were interpreted as normal. The number of patients referred for degenerative intervertebral disk disorders increased substantially between 1984 and 1985. This study documents the increasing acceptance of MR imaging as an important primary imaging technique for a variety of conditions, particularly those of the brain and spine. PMID- 3493669 TI - High-field MR imaging of extracranial hematomas. AB - The MR features of 20 extracranial hematomas studied on a 1.5-T system and imaged with both short repetition-time/echo-time (TR/TE) and long TR/TE pulse sequences were reviewed. In four of five acute hematomas (those less than 7 days of age), signal intensity was markedly decreased on long TR/TE images and was either intermediate or slightly decreased on short TR/TR images. Fourteen subacute hematomas (7 days to 7 weeks of age) and one chronic hematoma (9 months) were studied. The appearance of the subacute lesions varied from intermediate to high intensity on short TR/TE sequences, but all demonstrated increased signal on long TR/TE sequences. A low-signal rim was noted at the margin of nine subacute lesions. In one patient with this finding, pathologic examination showed that the low-signal margin corresponded to a region containing hemosiderin-laden macrophages at the periphery of the hematoma. These results correlate well with those reported for intracranial hematomas examined at this field strength. We conclude that analysis of signal-intensity patterns at 1.5 T is useful in staging the evolution of hematomas. PMID- 3493670 TI - Retroperitoneal compartmental anatomy. PMID- 3493671 TI - Densitometric screening for osteoporosis. PMID- 3493672 TI - Malpractice and radiologists, update 1986. PMID- 3493673 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. AB - The incidence and severity of herpes zoster ophthalmicus have increased because of the growing number of immunocompromised patients. Uveitis and keratitis are the most common inflammatory complications. Corneal exposure from scarring and contraction of the upper lid may require reconstructive plastic surgery. Preliminary studies of oral acyclovir, specifically targeted at preventing ocular complications, are encouraging. PMID- 3493674 TI - Detection of coronary artery disease with 13N-ammonia and high-resolution positron-emission computed tomography. AB - In order to evaluate the detectability of coronary artery disease (CAD) with positron-emission computed tomography (PET), we performed 13N-ammonia myocardial PET scanning at rest and with exercise loading in 20 normal subjects and 40 patients with CAD, by means of a high-resolution, multi-slice, whole-body PET scanner. Myocardial PET scanning was performed 3 minutes after injection of 13N ammonia at rest and during exercise. The circumferential profile analysis of resting PET images revealed regional hypoperfusion in 96% of CAD patients with previous myocardial infarction and in 29% of those without infarction. Exercise PET studies showed high sensitivity (93%) in detecting CAD without myocardial infarction, whereas no abnormal hypoperfusion was detected in normal subjects. Segmental analysis of regional myocardial perfusion with exercise stress identified 67 of 75 stenosed vessels (89%). We conclude that 13N-ammonia myocardial PET with exercise loading provides high-quality tomographic images of regional myocardial perfusion and is a valuable technique for detecting CAD. PMID- 3493675 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome following coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3493676 TI - Outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in black persons. AB - Relatively little attention has been given to coronary artery disease in black persons in the United States. During 31 months, 73 consecutive black patients drawn from an urban working class inner city population who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. In the total series of elective and emergency operations, 3 patients (4%) died within the first 30 days and 3 more died by the end of the first year of follow-up. Functional capacity was assessed by interviews and a questionnaire in a subset (n = 39) at least 6 months after operation. Although 79% of the patients felt that the operation had resulted in improvement of symptoms, half of them continued to report angina. Only one-third of the patients were working in the period immediately before the operation; 13% were working postoperatively. Coronary artery bypass grafting had an acceptable mortality risk in these patients, although the functional outcome was disappointing. PMID- 3493677 TI - CASSandRa. PMID- 3493678 TI - Coronary-subclavian steal from reversed flow in an internal mammary artery used for coronary bypass. PMID- 3493679 TI - Prognostic effect of bundle branch block related to coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The incidence and prognostic effect of the development of new perioperative ventricular conduction abnormalities were examined in all patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery at Duke University Medical Center between 1976 and 1981. Of the 913 patients included, transient (resolved before discharge) ventricular conduction abnormalities developed in 156 (17%) and persistent (until discharge) changes developed in 126 (14%). Complete right bundle branch block (BBB) was the most frequent type of new ventricular conduction abnormality, followed by left anterior hemiblock and incomplete right BBB (found in 60%, 26%, and 9%, respectively, of all patients with transient changes and 29%, 33% and 26% of all patients with persistent changes). Development of new ventricular conduction abnormalities was most strongly related to date of operation (p less than 0.0001, univariate chi 2 = 122), increasing from 2% transient and 7% persistent in 1976 to 36% transient and 22% persistent in 1981. The incidence was also higher in older patients. Preoperative ejection fraction and number of diseased vessels were related to development of perioperative ventricular conduction abnormalities but were not independently related after adjustment for other baseline characteristics. Contrary to findings in other studies, development of new perioperative ventricular conduction abnormalities, including isolated new left BBB, did not worsen the survival rate in patients followed up to 3 years after surgery. PMID- 3493681 TI - OKB7 recognizes antigen on T-cell malignancies. AB - This article describes the pattern of OKB7 positivity in 49 cases of lymphoid malignancies (31 ALL, 17 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 1 HCL). The authors have observed that it reacted with 4 out of 5 cases of T-ALL and 8 out of 17 cases of B-CLL. Incidentally all cases of OKB7+ T-ALL were also CALLA+. One case of HCL and 26 cases of non-T-ALL did not react with this antibody. The authors suggest that OKB7 is not specific for B-lineage and many cases of T-ALL may cross react with it. However, it may be useful for identification of peculiar T-ALL phenotypes (T+, OKB7+, and CALLA+). PMID- 3493680 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients aged 80 years or older. AB - Between August 1980 and January 1986, 23 patients aged 80 years or older underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations. These patients had a higher incidence of severe left main coronary artery narrowing (p less than 0.0001), 3-vessel coronary artery disease (p less than 0.05) and moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction (p less than 0.05) than patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry older than 65 years. Of 14 patients undergoing elective simple CABG procedures, none died; of 19 elective cases overall, 2 patients died (11%). Three of 4 patients undergoing emergency procedures (75%) and 4 of 6 patients (67%) requiring intraaortic balloon counterpulsation died. Significant complications occurred in 9 of 18 survivors (50%). All operative survivors improved at least 1 New York Heart Association class, with a mean classification improvement of 3.7 to 1.6 (p less than 0.0001); 13 of 16 long-term survivors were in class I or II. Actuarial survival at 1 and 2 years is 94% and 82%, respectively. CABG can be performed electively in octogenarian patients with increased but acceptable mortality and morbidity risks. Functional improvement and long-term survival are excellent. PMID- 3493682 TI - Pneumocystis carinii. Taxonomy as viewed by electron microscopy. AB - Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic unicellular organism that can cause serious pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. The taxonomy and classification of P. carinii has not yet been settled. The authors present transmission and scanning electron microscopic (TEM and SEM) observations of tissue from two patients with pulmonary Pneumocystis infections. The infectious organisms display marked variability in shape and size. They appear to divide by binary fission and lack motility organelles, Golgi apparatus, phagosomes, and lysosomes. The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were poorly developed. The nucleus was rather ill defined, and there appeared to be asynchrony in the development of nuclear membranes and cytoplasm. The authors contend that there are firm ultrastructural evidences against the claim for a protozoan nature of Pneumocystis and in favor of its being a fungus, albeit of a primitive form, in which the mycelium is reduced to a unicellular state but the ability to sporulate is preserved. PMID- 3493683 TI - Cocaine users seen in medical practice. AB - Cocaine use and the public's awareness of cocaine abuse problems have escalated sharply in the past several years and yet little is known of the users direct contact with medical providers. A questionnaire was designed, mailed to 2,422 physicians in general and family practice, internal medicine, emergency medicine, and psychiatry. The results indicated that many more cocaine users were presently being seen than had been seen in the same month in the previous year. Most of the cocaine patients were seen by psychiatrists, and contrary to popular myth, only a small percentage had high incomes. Most were young male, polydrug users who had been using for more than several months. Few seemed to want treatment. The responding physicians who saw cocaine patients almost always commented on how they managed such patients. Physician involvement varied from almost none (drug use was seen as incidental) to brief advice, referral, or direct treatment. Physician's comments provide a mirror of problems and feelings surrounding this patient population. Contrasts and similarities with hotline data are discussed. The growth of physician recognition of this problem population clearly indicates a treatment need. PMID- 3493684 TI - Bleeding esophagogastric varices: an endoscopic study. AB - Among 857 patients admitted from October 1977 to December 1984 with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 165 (19.5%) had endoscopically proved esophageal or gastric varices. Among this group, varices were considered as the actual bleeding lesion in only 83 (9.7%). Stigmata of variceal bleeding were observed in 76 (92%) including 35 venous spurts, 12 venous oozes, 20 adherent clots, and 14 "platelet aggregates." In only seven cases, variceal rupture could only be presumed, because no other lesion was present. In the other 82 patients, a lesion other than varices was the bleeding source, mostly peptic ulcers (32 = 38%) and erosive gastritis (30 = 36%). One-third of the patients with bleeding varices required more than one endoscopy to provide evidence of variceal bleeding. The most frequent bleeding point was the cardia and a good correlation between variceal size and bleeding was observed. There was no relationship with evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 3493685 TI - The treatment of Campylobacter-associated gastritis. PMID- 3493686 TI - Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the ileum presenting as massive rectal bleeding. PMID- 3493687 TI - Potential for confounding of physical activity risk assessment by body weight and fatness. AB - Cross-sectional data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-1980) were used to study the association between body weight and fatness (assessed by body mass index, weight/height, and triceps skinfold thickness) and physical activity. It is concluded that relative body weight and fatness may be potential confounders of risk assessment analyses of physical activity. PMID- 3493688 TI - A variant of type II von Willebrand disease with an abnormal triplet structure and discordant effects of protease inhibitors on plasma and platelet von Willebrand factor structure. AB - We have characterized the plasma and platelet von Willebrand factor (vWf) multimeric structure of a patient with von Willebrand disease (vWd) as having a long bleeding time, no aggregation of her platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to ristocetin, and very low plasma and platelet von Willebrand antigen (vWf Ag) and vWf activity. The abnormalities of the plasma and platelet vWf have not been previously described. In particular, the patient's plasma and platelet vWf lacked the intermediate and largest vWf multimers and the slowest migrating minor band (band 1) of the triplet was markedly diminished compared to the major band (band 2) and the fastest migrating band of the triplet (band 3). A similar multimeric structure was seen in the platelet vWf. Collection of the patient's blood in protease inhibitors prior to the analysis of the platelet and plasma vWf structure revealed that the plasma vWf multimeric structure did not change, while the patient's platelet vWf showed a marked change with the appearance of the intermediate and large multimers and almost total disappearance of the abnormal multimeric structure. Direct comparison of this patient's plasma with previously reported cases of type IIA, IIC, and IID revealed marked differences in their multimeric organization compared to our patient. Employing the presently accepted convention, we have designated this variant type of vWd type IIG. PMID- 3493689 TI - A cross-sectional survey of kidney function in refinery employees. AB - We examined sensitive biochemical and immunological markers of kidney function and damage in 53 male oil refinery workers exposed to hydrocarbons and compared their results with those of a control group of 61 age-matched nonexposed males. The mean duration of employment of exposed males was 11 years. The current levels of exposure to a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, as determined by personal monitoring, were well below the current threshold limit values. No difference was found in the urinary tubular parameters beta-N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) and retinol-binding protein. Similar serum beta 2-m levels indicated no impairment of the glomerular filtration rate in the exposed workers. The levels of circulating immune complexes were also identical in both groups. The mean albuminuria was slightly higher (p less than .005) in the exposed group in a quantitative assay but was not dipstick-detectable. The mean urinary excretion of a renal antigen was also higher (p less than .05) in the exposed group and correlated with the excretion of albumin. Finally, slightly higher titers of anti-laminin antibodies were found in five exposed employees, but this was not accompanied by an increased albuminuria. We conclude that chronic low-level hydrocarbon exposure in these refinery workers does not lead to clinically significant renal abnormalities. Nevertheless, some findings are consistent with the possible role of hydrocarbon exposure in the induction of renal disturbances. PMID- 3493690 TI - Neoplastic complications of HTLV-III infection. Lymphomas and solid tumors. AB - Neoplastic disease arose in 29 of 200 patients infected with human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) seen at a suburban hospital. Seventeen patients had Kaposi's sarcoma, one of whom also had colon carcinoma. Nine patients had lymphoproliferative disorders (seven lymphomas, one T suppressor cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one multiple myeloma), including three with concomitant Kaposi's sarcoma and one with colon cancer. One other patient had colon cancer, one had a seminoma, and one had pancreatic cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma as a complication of AIDS occurred mainly in homosexuals (17 of 42 homosexuals, one of 17 drug abusers, one of five heterosexually promiscuous patients, and one of six patients who had previously received transfusions). The high-grade lymphomas did not show a predilection for any particular AIDS risk group. Three of four solid tumors arose in elderly AIDS patients. Twenty-five of 75 patients with CDC defined AIDS had a neoplastic disorder (26 are still alive and may yet demonstrate malignancy). Few other diseases of man have been associated with as high an incidence of neoplastic transformation as occurs with HTLV-III infection. PMID- 3493691 TI - Elevated urinary dolichol excretion in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Indicator of lysosomal dysfunction. AB - The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a triad of albinism, platelets lacking dense bodies, and storage of ceroid-like material in tissues, occurs approximately once in 2,000 northwestern Puerto Ricans. The manifestations of storage disease are variable and include granulomatous colitis, restrictive lung disease, kidney failure, and cardiomyopathy. The autofluorescent material stored in the Hermansky Pudlak syndrome is histochemically similar to that stored in neuronal ceroid/lipofuscinosis. The material in neuronal ceroid/lipofuscinosis contains dolichols, which are components of lysosomes, and patients show increased urinary excretion of dolichols. This study of 49 patients with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome found that urinary dolichol levels are increased in those patients with evidence of ceroid storage in the kidneys but are not elevated when storage occurs in tissues other than the kidneys. The excretion of ceroid was not influenced by the saturation state of dietary fat. A defect in processing of membranes of lysosomes, melanosomes, and dense bodies may be involved in the syndrome. PMID- 3493692 TI - Peripheral T cell lymphoma presenting as hypereosinophilia with vasculitis. Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features. AB - Peripheral T cell lymphoma developed in two patients several years after an initial clinical presentation of eosinophilia, pruritic skin rash, and vasculitis with lymphocytic infiltrates. Despite treatment with combination chemotherapy, the patients survived less than six months after the malignant lymphoma emerged. Immunologic characterization of tumor cells demonstrated features characteristic of peripheral T cell lymphoma. T lymphocytes from one patient had the uncommon phenotype of T3-negative, T4-positive, T8-negative. Extensive functional studies of this patient's lymphocytes revealed a poor proliferative response as well as an inability to help in immunoglobulin production, despite the preponderance of T4 lymphocytes. It is hypothesized that this syndrome is a consequence of the activity of products elaborated by neoplastic T cells. PMID- 3493693 TI - Unusual remission of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Pneumocystis carinii is a well-recognized cause of pneumonia in patients with immune deficiency, and when untreated, mortality approaches 100 percent. Although rare cases suggesting spontaneous recovery (usually accompanied by resolving immune deficiency) have been reported, spontaneous resolution of P. carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has not been described. A patient with AIDS in whom Pneumocystis pneumonia developed and remitted without appropriate therapy is described. This case suggests that the immunologic defects of AIDS are not fixed and that fluctuations in the degree of immunocompetence may allow for clinical recovery from opportunistic infections associated with AIDS even without appropriate therapy. PMID- 3493695 TI - Acute Haemophilus influenzae chorioamnionitis associated with intact amniotic membranes. AB - While Haemophilus influenzae infection commonly occurs in the age group 6 to 48 months, it uncommonly affects adults. A case of acute chorioamnionitis due to Haemophilus influenzae in the presence of intact fetal membranes is presented. The low incidence of maternal urogenital carriage, the high attack rate, and the virulence are discussed. PMID- 3493694 TI - Extensive T8-positive lymphocytic visceral infiltration in a homosexual man. AB - Lymphocytic visceral infiltration has recently been noted in association with lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection. A homosexual man, who had clinical and immunologic features of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related complex, is described. The patient presented not only with peripheral blood lymphocytosis but also with extensive lymphocytic infiltration involving lungs, lymph nodes, nerves, muscles, and esophagus. Lymphocyte subset immunostaining analysis showed that the lymphocytes were T8-positive. Thirty months after the clinical onset of the disease, no evidence of progression to AIDS was seen. Moreover, clinical improvement was observed, even though the patient did not receive long-term treatment. The clinical history of this patient suggests that lung T8-positive lymphocytic infiltration is associated with an increased risk of infectious episodes such as pneumonia and bronchitis. PMID- 3493696 TI - Pregnancy-induced changes in the fibrinolytic balance: evidence for defective release of tissue plasminogen activator and increased levels of the fast-acting tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor. AB - Pregnancy is accompanied by an increased risk of thromboembolic disease. One contributing factor to such disease in the nonpregnant patient is disordered fibrinolysis. It has been suggested that defective fibrinolysis may occur in pregnancy, but this defect has been poorly characterized. In the present study of 52 women with normal pregnancies and 56 nonpregnant control women, we found a marked change in levels of releasable tissue plasminogen activator in pregnant women beginning in the first trimester. Whereas nonpregnant women demonstrated releasable levels of tissue plasminogen activator of 0.74 +/- 0.15 IU/ml of plasma, in the pregnant women the amount released was only 0.06 +/- 0.02 IU/ml of plasma (p less than 0.01). These levels were observed beginning in the first trimester. Levels of the recently described fast-acting tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor increased significantly throughout pregnancy. Values ranged from 8.40 +/- 0.27 IU/ml of plasma in the first trimester to 9.92 +/- 0.09 IU/ml of plasma in the third trimester (p less than 0.05) compared with the level of 8.46 +/- 0.19 IU/ml of plasma in nonpregnant subjects. These data suggest that alterations both in releasable tissue plasminogen activator and in the fast acting tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor contribute to the physiologic hypercoagulable state of pregnancy. PMID- 3493697 TI - Levels of epidermal growth factor binding in third-trimester and term human placentas: elevated binding in term placentas of male fetuses. AB - Specific binding of iodine 125-labeled epidermal growth factor was measured in membrane homogenates of third-trimester and term human placentas of male and female fetuses. All placentas (n = 35) generated curvilinear Scatchard plots, and all placentas had similar equilibrium dissociation constants for both high affinity (210 pmol/L) and low-affinity (830 pmol/L) binding sites. Mean maximum number of available binding sites of term placentas from male fetuses (330 +/- 110 fmol/mg protein; n = 11) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of female fetuses (170 +/- 80 fmol/mg protein, n = 13). Occupation of epidermal growth factor receptors by endogenous epidermal growth factor could not account for the difference in levels of epidermal growth factor binding. Kendall's rank order correlation test demonstrated a significant positive correlation of the gestational age in weeks with the maximum number of epidermal growth factor receptors in placentas from male fetuses (p less than 0.002; T = 0.527; n = 17) and female fetuses (p less than 0.01; T = 0.404; n = 18). These results indicate that there is a sexual dimorphism in the level of epidermal growth factor receptors in placentas of male and female fetuses during the third trimester and that the level of epidermal growth factor receptors increases during the third trimester for placentas of both male and female fetuses. PMID- 3493698 TI - Concurrent validity of equilibrium tests in boys with learning disabilities with and without vestibular dysfunction. AB - Six equilibrium measures were administered to 50 boys with learning disabilities, 25 with and 25 without suspected vestibular system dysfunction. Pearson product moment correlations were computed between test scores for the total sample and for each subgroup to establish concurrent validity between tests. Four correlations for the total sample and three for each of the subgroups were statistically significant. However, only 3 of the 10 correlation coefficients mentioned were greater than r = 0.5. The relatively low magnitude of many of the correlations obtained demonstrates that different tests of equilibrium measure different balance-related competencies, and that competence in one area does not indicate competence in another. Therapists evaluating equilibrium should administer more than one test. The tilt test used in this investigation did not correlate significantly with any other test. This suggests that tilt tests should routinely be included in the evaluation of equilibrium. PMID- 3493699 TI - Ability of deutan color defectives to perform simulated air traffic control tasks. AB - Air traffic controllers perform a variety of tasks which require them to identify, discriminate, and name colors. Qualification standards for this occupation require applicants and incumbents to have normal color vision. The validity of this standard has been questioned and is currently under review. In this study, 22 deutans and 78 normals were tested on a set of tasks which simulated critical tasks performed daily by air traffic controllers. The four tasks included discriminating red from black pencil marks on flight progress strips, color-naming of 1 degree and 0.1 degree discs, and identification of colored line segments embedded in a multicolored background. Deutans classified as mild were found to perform all tasks as well as normals. Moderate deutans performed only the large disc color-naming task as well as normals, whereas severe deutans performed none of the tasks as well as normals. Different methods for scoring the color vision tests were explored to determine their value as predictors of task performance. The D-15 relative error score was found to be the single best predictor of performance on the tasks (r-square = 0.602). It is concluded that mild deutan color defectives have adequate color vision for safe performance of several critical air traffic control tasks. Moderate and severe deutans do not. In addition, the results of several methods for scoring color vision tests can be used to predict group, but not individual, performance with high reliability. PMID- 3493700 TI - Galactosamine-induced alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in rats. Alterations in plasma glycoproteins and alpha 1-antitrypsin carbohydrate composition. AB - Administration of D-galactosamine (GalNH2) is known to produce alterations in plasma glycoprotein levels, including alpha 1-antitrypsin. The authors have studied the effects of GalNH2 on circulating protein bound carbohydrates and on the plasma concentrations of two alpha 1-antiproteases, transferrin, IgG, and albumin in rats. The alpha 1-antiproteases from GalNH2-treated rats were isolated and their molecular weight, isoelectric point, and carbohydrate composition compared with those of control rat alpha 1-antiproteases. Total plasma protein, albumin, and transferrin levels in the GalNH2-treated rats do not differ significantly from those of control rats. Plasma protein-bound carbohydrate is decreased significantly in the experimental animals, compared with controls: sialic acid decreased 60%, neutral sugars decreased 43%, and amino sugars decreased 38%. The concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) and a higher molecular weight alpha 1-antiprotease designated AP2 are decreased by 79% and 38%, respectively. AAT isolated from the plasma of GalNH2-treated rats contains 2 3 fewer moles of sialic acid, 3 fewer moles of neutral sugar, and 2 fewer moles of amino sugar per mole of antiprotease than AAT isolated from controls. AP2 from GalNH2-treated rats contains 1 fewer mole each of sialic acid, neutral sugar, and amino sugar per mole of antiprotease than AP2 from controls. These alterations are similar to those seen in humans with genetically determined alpha 1 antiprotease deficiency. PMID- 3493701 TI - Extravascular plasminogen activator and inhibitor activities detected at the site of a chronic mycobacterial-induced inflammation. AB - Levels of extravascular tissue plasminogen activator activity (PA) and those of inhibitors of PA and of urokinase (UK) present within the anterior chamber of normal and inflamed feline eyes were assessed with the use of a direct PA assay of microsamples of aqueous humor. Purposes of the study were, first, to confirm prior indirect evidence that this extravascular space normally contains higher levels of uninhibited PA, but lower levels of inhibitor activity, than does plasma and, second, to determine patterns of change in these activities under in vivo conditions imposed by a chronic mycobacterial-induced uveitis (CMIU) disease model. The PA assay utilized a 125I-plasminogen substrate whose cleavage by PA contained in samples was both visualized during gel electrophoreis, and quantified by gamma counting. The results provided the first direct evidence that the higher fibrinolytic activity previously observed in normal aqueous in comparison with plasma is in fact associated with higher levels of available (uninhibited) PA (P less than 0.01) The data also indicated that normal aqueous contains a much higher level of PA inhibitor activity than previously suspected- roughly 40 times more than available PA levels. These normal values for PA and inhibitors occupied a relatively narrow, threefold range, in contrast to the wide scattering of individual values that appeared during 18-20 weeks of the chronic inflammation disease model. Despite this, however, the general pattern of observation for all individual eyes during CMIU was a significant increase in levels of both PA and inhibitors. The net effect of CMIU was thus to cause the 1:40 ratio noted above to be tilted more strongly in favor of inhibitor activity, ie, up to 1:80. Increases in local vasopermeability in this disease model were believed contributory to this change. However, local generations of PA and APA in vivo by inflammatory cells, especially monocyte-macrophages, must also be considered. Assays for UK inhibitor showed levels of activity and directions of change that closely followed those of PA inhibitor, which suggests the possibility that they may be identical. It is surmised that the above patterns, along with results of our prior studies, indicate an apparent need for a multistep, strict inhibitory control of plasmin generation and proteolysis in vivo within normal extravascular spaces such as the anterior chamber.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3493702 TI - Cyclosporin A and the thymus. Immunopathology. AB - Cyclosporin A (CsA) is known to diminish the size of the thymus, especially the thymic medulla. The significance of these changes is not presently understood. This study reveals several immunopathologic changes induced in the thymic medulla by CsA (15 mg/kg/day). The weight and relative size of the thymus dramatically and rapidly involutes, with marked changes observed in 1 week. The medullary thymocytes show segregation of rat T-cell phenotypes as seen in control rats, but the number of such cells is markedly reduced in accordance with the medullary remnant. This is consistent with a maturational arrest of thymocytes. The medullary epithelium was assessed directly by irradiating the control or CsA treated rats 2 days prior to sacrifice. The epithelium of Hassall's corpuscles was essentially absent in CsA-treated rats but prominent in control rats. The cortical epithelial cells were preserved. Stains for Ia antigen with the anti-OX4 antibody show little change in expression by cortical epithelium, but a marked reduction in the Ia+ medullary cells in the thymocyte purged rats. All of these changes were reversible in the normal rat after cessation of CsA, with near normal recovery in 3 weeks. No morphologic or immunopathologic changes were noted in the cortical thymocytes. These cells did, however, acquire CsA receptors, as detected by the binding of fluorescent dansylated CsA. PMID- 3493703 TI - An analysis of accidents at a day care center. AB - An analysis of 1324 accidents over a 42-month period at a university day care center revealed that toddlers had the highest average number of injuries, most of them self-induced, that accidents peaked in mid-morning, and that September was the month with the highest accident rate. Although accidents were frequent, injuries were minor. Results are contrasted to those of earlier studies. PMID- 3493704 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on polyamine-synthesizing enzymes in rat enterocytes. AB - A number of peptides having trophic activity on gastrointestinal mucosa and growth factors are known to induce small intestinal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. The effect of peptides on ODC and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMDC) activities (key enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis) in isolated enterocytes is unknown. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fasted for 72 h and injected intraperitoneally with epidermal growth factor (EGF), pentagastrin, or glucagon, or intragastrically with EGF. A similar volume of water served as a control. Villus tip, midvillus, and crypt cell fractions were collected and identified. ODC and SAMDC activities were determined in these cells 4 h after peptide injection. EGF given intraperitoneally, but not intragastrically, stimulated ODC activity along the cryptvillus column. Pentagastrin and glucagon did not induce polyamine biosynthetic enzyme activity. ODC and SAMDC activities in intestinal mucosal scrapings from fasted animals also were increased 2-4 h after intraperitoneal EGF treatment. It is possible that EGF binding at the serosal surface of the crypt enterocyte and subsequent ODC induction is important in initiating the cellular proliferation that is known to occur after treatment with this peptide. PMID- 3493706 TI - Peripheral nerve as an osmometer: role of endoneurial capillaries in frog sciatic nerve. AB - The sciatic nerve of the frog was perfused in vivo with isotonic Ringer solution followed by Ringer made hypertonic by addition of sucrose or of NaCl. Nerve diameter and endoneurial hydrostatic pressure fell during hypertonic Ringer perfusion. Using a model that describes the elastic and osmotic properties of the nerve, sigma sLp, the product of the osmotic reflection coefficient at endoneurial capillaries for s equals sucrose or NaCl (which approximates 1), and of capillary hydraulic conductivity, was found to equal 73 X 10(-13) cm3 X s-1 X dyn-1. The nerve is elastic. It has a compliance K of 3.7 X 10(-5) cm2 X mmHg-1, corresponding to a modulus of elasticity E of the perineurium equal to 1.2 X 10(6) dyn X cm-2. The results indicate that the nerve behaves as an osmometer during vascular perfusion, due to the low permeability of endoneurial capillaries to small solutes such as NaCl and sucrose. A low capillary hydraulic conductivity limits bulk water flow between blood and nerve, and a low compliance limits nerve swelling and edema. PMID- 3493705 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits acid secretion without modifying blood flow. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-residue peptide present in the central and peripheral nervous system. Based on previous reports of its localization in fibers associated with vascular smooth muscles of vessels and its potent inhibitory effect on acid secretion, we studied the influence of intravenous infusion of rat CGRP on gastric mucosal blood flow. The hydrogen gas clearance technique was used to measure mucosal blood flow in urethan anesthetized rats. CGRP infused intravenously in doses of 1 or 10 micrograms X kg 1 X h-1 did not significantly modify basal gastric corpus mucosal blood flow or mean-arterial blood pressure. Gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin infusion (20 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) was suppressed by CGRP administration (10 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), whereas neither gastric corpus mucosal blood flow nor mean arterial blood pressure were significantly changed. These results indicate that CGRP must exert its inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion by a mechanism other than decreasing gastric mucosal blood flow. PMID- 3493707 TI - Red cell perfusion in skeletal muscle at rest and after mild and severe contractions. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of red cell perfusion in sartorius muscle of anesthetized frogs by analyzing simultaneously red cell velocity (VRBC), number of cells per unit capillary length (NRBC), and density of perfused capillaries (CD) in a 2.07 X 2.71-mm region of the muscle visualized microscopically at very low magnification. In the 16 muscles studied, a severe 1 min electrical stimulation induced statistically significant increases in the mean values, VRBC, NRBC, and CD, as well as significant decreases in heterogeneities (SD/mean) of these three parameters when going from rest to postcontraction hyperemia. A mild 3-s stimulation caused significant increases only in VRBC and NRBC. Red cell perfusion, computed as a product of the three parameters divided by the mean capillary length, increased significantly from 87.4 +/- 81.9 to 417.9 +/- 118.2 (SD) and from 96.9 +/- 75.7 to 192.5 +/- 190.2 (SD) cells X s-1 X mm-3, respectively. In both stimulations, the postcontraction increase of red cell supply to the muscle, expressed in cells per second per cubic millimeter, was larger than any individual increase in the three parameters. Based on pooled data from all muscles, both NRBC and CD were determined to be dependent on VRBC. The present study supports the view that VRBC, NRBC, CD, and heterogeneity of red cell distribution depend on vascular tone and demonstrates for the first time that these four dependencies can operate both concurrently and synergistically to increase O2 supply to muscle after contraction. PMID- 3493708 TI - Single photon emission tomographic brain images in dementia of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 3493709 TI - Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population: analysis of NHANES II. AB - Recent recommendations for increases in desirable body weights are based upon studies which did not consider the potential confounding effect of cigarette consumption on body weight. We investigated the relation between tobacco use and several anthropometric measurements in 12,103 men and women 19-74 years of age in the United States examined between 1976 and 1980 during the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Cigarette smokers weighed less (mean +/- standard error = 69.8 +/- 0.2 kg) and were leaner (body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2) = 24.6 +/- 0.1) than nonsmokers (72.5 +/- 0.2 kg and 25.7 +/- 0.1, respectively), controlling for age and sex. Body leanness increased with the duration (but not intensity) of smoking. Ex-smokers were not heavier or fatter than nonsmokers, and these groups experienced similar weight gain after age 25 (approximately 6 kg in men, 9 kg in women), while current smokers gained substantially less weight (3.5 kg in men, 5.4 kg in women). Compared to nonsmokers, former and current smokers were also slightly taller. Most of these associations were evident in both sexes and all ages evaluated, and were not explained by differences in caloric intake, physical activity, illness, or socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that the increased mortality observed among lean individuals in previous studies may have been due to smoking rather than leanness per se, and that as a result, currently accepted desirable body weights may be overestimated. PMID- 3493710 TI - Changes in patient characteristics and surgical outcomes for coronary artery bypass surgery 1972-82. AB - Data from a national sample of hospitals were used to explore reasons for improved in-hospital survival rate for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery between 1972 and 1982. Increases in annual volumes of surgery explain a large fraction of the decline in death rates. The residual can be attributed to improved techniques, experience, and other factors, even though more operations were done on older patients and women in 1982 than 1972. PMID- 3493711 TI - Propofol for intravenous sedation. AB - This study investigated the properties of propofol when given by subanaesthetic infusion to provide sedation as an adjunct to spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery in 40 patients. Sedation, defined as sleep with preservation of eyelash reflex and purposeful reaction to verbal or mild physical stimulation, was satisfactorily achieved and maintained with minimal complications. The mean duration of infusion was 98 minutes and a mean infusion rate of 3.0 mg/kg/hour was required in patients over 65. This was significantly less (p less than 0.005) than the 4.1 mg/kg/hour required in younger patients. Recovery was impressively rapid; patients regained full consciousness approximately 4 minutes after the end of infusion, and were free from minor postoperative sequelae. Conversion to general anaesthesia was achieved in three patients where surgery encroached outside the analgesic field of the regional block, simply by increasing the infusion rate to approximately 10 mg/kg/hour. PMID- 3493712 TI - Recovery times. PMID- 3493713 TI - Compressed spectral array EEG monitoring during coronary bypass surgery in a patient with vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency. PMID- 3493714 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of pyromecaine and lidocaine on central hemodynamics and their efficacy in the prevention and treatment of heart rhythm disorders]. PMID- 3493715 TI - Genetic polymorphisms in serum and erythrocytes of the Bashkirs. PMID- 3493716 TI - Blood lymphocyte subpopulations in extrinsic and intrinsic asthmatics. AB - Blood leukocyte numbers and proportions of T lymphocyte subsets were studied in extrinsic asthmatics (EA), intrinsic asthmatics (IA), IA systemically treated with corticosteroids (IA + C), and in age-matched control subjects. The EA and IA showed an increased number of eosinophils. During corticosteroid therapy of IA, the eosinophil number remained elevated, whereas there was a slight decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes. The proportion of T cells of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype carrying the Leu-2a antigen was significantly lower in the IA than in all other groups. In the IA + C group, the proportions of Leu-3a/3b and Leu-2a positive T lymphocytes returned to normal, although the patients still exhibited asthmatic symptoms. These findings suggest that cellular immunologic factors might be involved in the pathogenesis of intrinsic asthma. PMID- 3493717 TI - [A new marketed intravenous anesthetic: propofol (Diprivan)]. PMID- 3493718 TI - Characterization of feline T and B cells. AB - Feline peripheral-blood lymphocyte populations (n = 22) were examined for the following markers: rosette formation with guinea pig erythrocytes (GPE-T cells), rosette formation with human RBC (HRBC-T cells), rosette formation with sheep RBC, mixed rosette formation with GPE-T cells and HRBC-T cells (total T cells), erythrocyte antibody-complement rosettes, and surface immunoglobulin. An average of 28% +/- 7% (range, 16% to 39%) of the feline lymphocytes formed rosettes with GPE-T cells, and 27% +/- 7% (range, 11% to 36%), with HRBC-T cells. An average of 57% +/- 9% (range, 33% to 75%) of the lymphocytes formed mixed rosettes. The erythrocyte antibody-complement rosette-forming cells and surface immunoglobulin bearing cells were found in peripheral blood lymphocytes (10% +/- 6% and 24% +/- 8%, respectively). The murine monoclonal antibodies OKT 11 and HuLy-m1, specific for a framework determinant of human E-rosette receptor antigens, cross-reacted with feline cell membrane molecules recognizing a bimolecular complex (45,000 to 50,000 daltons) similar to that described in persons. We investigated the distribution of these E-rosette receptor-like antigens on feline lymphocytes. By complement-mediated lymphocytotoxicity, about 30% of the feline lymphocytes expressed the antigens. When lymphocytes were treated with HuLy-m1 antibody, spontaneous rosette formation with HRBC-T cells was significantly inhibited. PMID- 3493719 TI - Comparison of alpha-1-antitrypsin levels and antineutrophil elastase capacity of blood and lung in a patient with the alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype null-null before and during alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy. AB - The null-null phenotype of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), a phenotype characterized by no detectable alpha 1AT in serum, presents a rare opportunity to examine the contribution of alpha 1AT to the antineutrophil elastase protection of the lower respiratory tract. The subject, a 35-yr-old lifetime non-smoker with moderate emphysema, has been characterized as having alpha 1AT serum levels of zero resulting from the homozygous inheritance of alpha 1AT genes that do not express detectable alpha 1AT mRNA transcripts. Evaluation of the antineutrophil elastase capacity of the null-null serum showed it was less than 5% of normal, whereas that of the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract was 13% of normal. However, after 60 mg/kg of intravenously administered alpha 1AT augmentation therapy once weekly for 4 wk, the serum alpha 1AT levels peaked at greater than 300 mg/dl, trough levels just prior to the next infusion were 81 +/- 2 mg/dl, and the average serum level integrated for the month of infusions was 138 mg/dl. Consistent with this serum rise in alpha 1AT, the serum antineutrophil elastase capacity increased in parallel(r = 0.98). Importantly, evaluation of the ELF 2 and 6 days after infusion demonstrated increases of alpha 1AT levels (range, 1.4 to 2.1 microM) and antineutrophil elastase capacity (range, 1.6 to 2.5 microM), values within the lower range of normal. Furthermore, the lung ELF alpha 1AT levels rose in direct proportion to the serum alpha 1AT levels, and the ELF antineutrophil elastase capacity rose in direct proportion to the ELF alpha 1AT levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493720 TI - Alveolar macrophages, blood monocytes, and density-fractionated alveolar macrophages differ in their ability to promote lymphocyte proliferation to mitogen and antigen. AB - We compared the relative abilities of alveolar macrophages (AM), blood monocytes (BM), and density-fractionated AM to support antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferation of autologous T cells in normal volunteers. The AM were able to promote the T-cell proliferative response to antigen, but they did so less effectively than did the BM. Density-fractionated AM were heterogeneous in their ability to support T-cell responses. More proliferation occurred with the densest AM than with the least dense AM. In contrast to antigen-induced responses, mitogen-induced responses were supported more effectively by AM and density fractionated AM than by BM. The ability of AM, density-fractionated AM, and BM to support T-cell responses did not correlate with surface expression of class II major histocompatibility determinants. Addition of purified IL-1 resulted in a partial restoration of T-cell proliferation when low-density AM were used but no augmentation when unfractionated AM were used. This suggests that reduced IL-1 activity may partially explain the decreased ability of low density AM to promote T-cell responses, but that other processes may also contribute to differences in accessory cell function among AM, BM, and density-fractionated AM. PMID- 3493721 TI - Plasma antioxidants and protection against alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor inactivation. PMID- 3493722 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and atresia of the bile ducts]. AB - A newly-born male affected by extrahepatic biliary atresia with an alpha-1 antitrypsin pi ZZ deficiency is presented. Parents, Pi MZ, showing no signs of affection either in liver or lungs. His two brothers and one sister died at nine months, 7 years and 22 months respectively. Two brothers showed cirrhosis of the liver, the sister showed extrahepatic biliary atresia, and in all three patients there was an alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Authors want to emphasize the presence of extra-hepatic biliary atresia in both brother and sister who had also an alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency because this is an infrequent association which requires different treatment. PMID- 3493724 TI - [Flunixin and its use in horses]. AB - Flunixin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, with a potent analgesic activity and a slight toxicity. It is largely used in horses, in the form of meglumine salt, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or colics, and often identified in dopage cases. Physical and chemical properties of the drug, its pharmacological and toxicological properties, and its use in equine species are depicted. PMID- 3493723 TI - Maternal and fetal outcome in neonatal lupus erythematosus. AB - Maternal health, children's health, and obstetric histories were assessed in a follow-up study of 21 families with children with neonatal lupus erythematosus; this group constituted approximately 15% of all reported cases. Twenty-one mothers had twenty-four children with the disease. Twelve children had congenital heart block (5 boys, 7 girls), 10 had cutaneous lupus lesions (1 boy, 9 girls), and 2 girls had both heart block and cutaneous lesions. Although half of the mothers were initially asymptomatic, 18 of 21 have developed symptoms during the follow-up period (range, 0.25 to 9.5 years). Three of the children died in the neonatal period. The 21 children who survived have been asymptomatic during follow-up, although 5 of 11 with heart block have pacemakers. The mothers did not have an increased risk for spontaneous abortions. Three of twelve livebirths after the birth of the first child with neonatal lupus erythematosus resulted in another affected child. PMID- 3493725 TI - Hospital cost development in coronary bypass surgery. AB - The rapid expansion of open-heart surgery together with steadily rising costs of health services has elicited criticism against uncontrollably expanded costs of coronary bypass surgery. However, critical analyses of the cost structures and the attempts for cost containment can only rarely be found in medical literature. This study emphasizes self-evident surgical principles which have led to surprisingly high cost reductions. Further savings can be obtained by constant financial education of the surgical staff, in spite of some controversial experiences gained elsewhere. The conditions needed are more accurate, up-to-date hospital bookkeeping and closer contacts between the hospital administration and the medical staff. PMID- 3493726 TI - [Osteoarticular pathology, hypercalcemia and adrenal insufficiency. Analysis of 113 cases of adrenal insufficiency]. AB - Rheumatologic manifestations, ectopic calcification and hypercalcemia of adrenal insufficiency (IS) were evaluated by a prospective study (S1) of 20 patients with IS and a retrospective analysis of 93 cases of IS (S2). When routine investigations were conducted they revealed very frequent osteoarticular lesions (19 of 20 cases, S1). Painful manifestations (arthralgia, myalgia), variable with fluctuations in the IS affection were observed in both groups (S1, S2). Analysis of group S1 showed a high number of periarthritic attacks (9 of 20 cases), and a significantly higher incidence of tendinous calcifications (p less than 0.03) and of multiple tendinous calcification disease (MCTM) (p less than 0.05) in relation to 20 matched controls. This combined affection MCTM-IS has not been reported previously. Calcification could be due to glucocorticoid deficiency, the only common factor for all cases, and the frequent calcification of ear pinna (greater than 30% of cases in the 2 groups) could be related to the same deficiency. Finally, reported in the 81 case-reports were 18 episodes of hypercalcemia, emphasizing the unrecognized frequency of this disturbance whose determining role is unclear. PMID- 3493727 TI - Serum protein polymorphism in Bali (Indonesia). AB - Serum samples from Bali, obtained in three different ethnic groups and in one isolated village were tested by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis for Gc, Pi, Tf and Hp subtyping. In addition to the three common alleles Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2, two variants Gc1A1 and Gc1A8 were observed. In the Pi system, five alleles were present: PiM1, PiM2, PiM3, PiM4 and PiX. The Tf variability was exceptional with the presence of eight alleles: TfB1, TfC1, TfC2, TfC3, TfC4, TfC8, TfD1 and TfDchi. For Hp, there were two common alleles Hp1S and Hp1FS and two rare ones: Hp1F and Hp2SS. As expected, the genetic polymorphism is reduced in the isolated community. The anthropological significance of these genetic data is discussed. PMID- 3493728 TI - Reduced cerebral glucose metabolism and increased brain capillary permeability following high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy: a positron emission tomographic study. AB - Regional glucose metabolic rate constants and blood-to-brain transport of rubidium were estimated using positron emission tomography in an adolescent patient with a brain tumor, before and after chemotherapy with intravenous high dose methotrexate. Widespread depression of cerebral glucose metabolism was apparent 24 hours after drug administration, which may reflect reduced glucose phosphorylation, and the influx rate constant for 82Rb was increased, indicating a drug-induced alteration in blood-brain barrier function. Associated changes in neuropsychological performance, electroencephalogram, and plasma amino acid concentration were identified in the absence of evidence of systemic methotrexate toxicity, suggesting primary methotrexate neurotoxicity. PMID- 3493729 TI - A simple in vitro method to study the trigeminal ganglion. AB - This report describes a simple in vitro method to harvest and study the electrophysiological properties of the trigeminal ganglion of the rat. In suction electrode recordings from the proximal nerve end, two distinct peaks are identified in the compound action potential evoked by electrical stimulation of the distal nerve. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), added to the perfusion fluid, caused a positive shift in the DC potential (depolarization) and a partially selective decrease in the amplitude of the slow-conduction peak. Reversible antagonism of the GABA effect by picrotoxin and bicuculline suggests that both responses are receptor mediated. There was no response to carbamazepine or L baclofen, suggesting that ganglionic polarization does not play a major role in the action of these drugs in trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 3493730 TI - Stimulation of the spinal cord in the treatment of traumatic injuries of cervical spine. AB - Since 1974, clinical experiments have been conducted at the Rehabilitation Clinic in Konstancin (Poland) on the effects of electrostimulation on the damaged spinal cord. 30 patients with stimulation after injury to the cervical spinal cord are reported. Patients with complete and incomplete cervical cord injury were compared. The patients were treated by surgical decompression with simultaneous implantation of stimulating electrodes in contact with the spinal cord. The control group of patients were operated upon in the same period for similar injuries, but had no stimulators implanted. Neurological improvement was better in the stimulated compared to the nonstimulated patients, both as regards number of neurological improvements as well as quality of neurological function. The comparison also confirmed a favorable effect of spinal cord stimulation on the development of bladder automatism. PMID- 3493731 TI - [Spectral EEG analysis in children treated with high-dose methotrexate]. AB - During the use of a therapeutic regimen of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with leucovorin rescue in two cases of osteogenic sarcoma and malignant lymphoma without central nervous system (CNS) involvement, serial EEG monitoring before and after MTX infusion was performed with special reference to occipital basic activity. The EEGs were analyzed as to the power average spectrum using an ATAC 450 (NIHON KOHDEN). At 48 hours after the initiation of MTX, there was a transient but statistically significant slowing, such as a drop in the dominant frequency and a decrease in the alpha/theta ratio. Complete recovery of EEG changes occurred within one week. No clinical symptoms suggestive of CNS impairment were noted in either case. These data suggest that EEG alterations might be a reflection of subclinical CNS impairment. Therefore, serial EEGs might be a good early indicator for the detection of leukoencephalopathy in high-risk patients. PMID- 3493732 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases with LAK cells]. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients by leukapheresis were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing human plasma and interleukin 2. The morphology, phenotypes and cytotoxicity of induced LAK cells were studied. Lymphoblastoid cells mainly proliferated were OKIa1+ cells and were thought to be LAK cells. Maximal cytotoxicity was obtained after two weeks of incubation. IL-2 enhanced the cytotoxicity of LAK cells. Autologous LAK cells induced by two weeks of incubation were injected into patients. One case of pulmonary metastases of breast cancer showed reduction and two lesions showed partial regression. Also, no new lesions appeared in the lungs of a patient with alveolar soft-part sarcoma. PMID- 3493733 TI - Sickle cell leg ulcers are associated with HLA-B35 and Cw4. AB - We determined the HLA-A, B, C, and DR types in nine patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) who had leg ulcers or a history of leg ulcers, and in 29 control patients with SS without leg ulcers. Six (67%) of the nine patients with leg ulcers had HLA-B35 and each of these six patients also had HLA-Cw4. In contrast, only eight (28%) of the 29 control patients with SS had HLA-B35 and only three (10%) of these patients had both HLA-B35 and Cw4. The relative risk for development of leg ulcers in patients with SS who had both HLA-B35 and Cw4 was 17 times greater than that of patients without these antigens or who had only one antigen. The frequency of HLA-B35 was also significantly higher in patients with SS and leg ulcers than in a reference population (31%) consisting of 68 healthy black persons. These results suggest that genetic factors or an HLA-related altered immune response may contribute to the development of leg ulcers in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 3493734 TI - Apologies to John Donne. PMID- 3493735 TI - Serological study of Pneumocystis carinii infection in the absence of immunosuppression. AB - Serum samples from 145 children with no known immunosuppressive illness were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for antibody to Pneumocystis carinii. Positive antibody titres (greater than or equal to 1:8 dilution) were found in 69 children (48%). Antibody could not be detected in the remaining children. Previous studies have shown that at least 75% of children have antibodies to P. carinii by the age of 4 years. This study shows a lower percentage of children with detectable antibody. This may be related to geographical variation of antigen or possibly to the widespread use of co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3493736 TI - Colorectal polyps: an important cause of rectal bleeding. AB - Seventy one children with rectal bleeding were examined by total fibreoptic colonoscopy. Large bowel polyps were found in 45; 27 (60%) had solitary rectal polyps. Altogether, 83% of resected polyps were juvenile. No complication of colonoscopic polypectomy occurred. New polyps reoccurred in four (9%) treated children. PMID- 3493737 TI - HLA-B27, molecular mimicry, and ankylosing spondylitis: popular misconceptions. PMID- 3493739 TI - A tri-institutional comparison of tissue and mechanical values using a patient oriented definition of "treatment failure". AB - Selection of valve type for predominant usage is obscured by limiting the analysis to prosthesis-related rather than patient-oriented failure modes. In this report, "treatment failure" is defined as a valve-related death or permanent patient disability; successful reoperations are excluded, and emboli with permanent residua are included. Results with the Starr-Edwards Silastic ball valve (Oregon) and the Hancock (Stanford) and Carpentier-Edwards (Vancouver) porcine valves are compared using this new definition of treatment failure. Evaluated according to structural failure, the mechanical valve is superior to the tissue valve, and using the Stanford definition of valve failure, it becomes so between 5 and 10 years. Using treatment failure, tissue valves are superior at 5 years; at 10 years in the aortic position, the results are comparable; and in the mitral position at 8 to 10 years, tissue valves show a continued but small advantage. PMID- 3493738 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the immunopathological lesion of the labial minor salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Labial minor salivary gland biopsy specimens from 14 patients with Sjogren's syndrome treated either with cyclosporin A (CyA) or placebo (5 mg/kg body weight day for six months) were studied to determine T lymphocyte subsets and HLA-DR antigen expression using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. In all CyA treated patients we observed a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes and in the number of T helper cells, while the percentage of T suppressor cells and B cells was the same in both treated and untreated groups. It was also shown that the HLA DR antigen expression on the epithelial cells was eliminated in the CyA treated patients. These findings suggest that the HLA-DR antigen expression on the epithelial cells is the result rather than the triggering factor of this T cell mediated process and is probably related to decreased lymphokine production by activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 3493740 TI - Coronary-coronary artery bypass: an alternative. AB - Occasionally, a patient with calcification of the ascending aorta will be unsuitable for conventional saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass. Similarly, when a patient is seen with saphenous vein (or internal mammary artery) of inadequate diameter or quality, another method of revascularization must be selected. Two cases of coronary-coronary artery bypass are illustrative of one solution to these difficult and increasingly common problems. PMID- 3493741 TI - Comparative electrophysiologic effects of bepridil, verapamil and diltiazem in conscious and anesthetized dogs. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of bepridil (10 mg/kg), verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) and diltiazem (0.6 mg/kg) were studied in the chronically instrumented conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized dog. Sinus node automaticity assessed by the corrected sinus node recovery time and atrio-ventricular conduction assessed by the Wenckebach phenomenon were evaluated by atrial pacing via electrodes placed in the wall of the right atrium, and exteriorized in the neck region. Nineteen dogs were studied and groups of 6 dogs were used for each experimental session. The calcium channel blocking drugs were administered by slow i.v. infusion (15 min). Effects were measured over 45-60 min and compared with the pretreatment value. In conscious dogs, heart rate was initially markedly increased by bepridil and diltiazem and only slightly increased by verapamil. These chronotropic responses were reversed to bradycardia by diltiazem only. Corrected sinus node recovery time measured at the end of infusion was decreased by verapamil and diltiazem and was unchanged by bepridil. Lengthening of corrected sinus node recovery time was observed with verapamil at the end of the experiment. All 3 calcium channel blocking agents produced negative dromotropic responses. To determine to what extent electrophysiologic effects of pentobarbital were involved in the cardiac responses measured in the anesthetized dog, pentobarbital was administered prior to injection of each calcium channel blocking agent. Pentobarbital produced positive chronotropic and dromotropic effects which were attenuated by the 3 calcium channel blocking agents. The reduction of corrected sinus node recovery time induced by pentobarbital was diminished by bepridil and diltiazem and unchanged by verapamil. Pentobarbital anesthesia thus has important electrophysiologic implications on the effects of calcium channel blocking agents on chronotropic and dromotropic variables on the heart. PMID- 3493742 TI - Comparative effects of bepridil, diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil on haemodynamic parameters and myocardial oxygen consumption in anaesthetized dogs. AB - The haemodynamic effects of 4 calcium antagonists, bepridil (1.25 to 5 mg/kg i.v.), diltiazem (0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.), nifedipine (0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg i.v.) and verapamil (0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.) were compared in anaesthetized open-chest dogs. The following parameters were measured: sinusal coronary blood flow (SCBF), total coronary vascular resistance (TCVR), aortic blood pressure, heart rate, left dP/dt max, amplitude of right ventricular contraction, double product, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and arterial and coronary venous blood gases (pO2 and pCO2) and pH. All 4 substances increased SCBF and decreased TCVR. The greatest effects, taking into account relative dose size, were obtained with nifedipine and verapamil. These 2 substances also had the greatest effect on systemic vasodilatation, as reflected by hypotension. The 4 substances had a direct negative chronotropic effect on the myocardium, an effect which was masked by reflex sympathetic stimulation and decreased vagal tone secondary to a drop in blood pressure. The most marked negative chronotropic effects were seen with diltiazem, verapamil and bepridil in that order. Nifedipine and verapamil produced the greatest negative inotropic effects, whereas diltiazem had very little effect on this parameter. The direct consequence of these haemodynamic effects of the 4 substances was to improve oxygenation of the myocardium. The most durable effect on PvO2 was seen with nifedipine and verapamil. The findings demonstrate not only the heterogeneous action of the 4 calcium antagonists, but also the influence of the experimental conditions on the effects obtained with these substances. PMID- 3493743 TI - Psychosocial outcome one year after heart surgery. A prospective study. AB - Ninety-nine of 118 patients receiving cardiac valve replacements (n = 55) or coronary artery bypass grafts (n = 44) were studied before surgery and again one year after surgery. Psychological, social, and physical variables were assessed. For the 19 subjects not returning for follow-up, medical data collected by their general practitioner were available. The physical results of surgery were good, with over 90% of the patients showing improvement. Mean scores for psychological distress and quality of life improved; however, a bad psychosocial adjustment was present in about 25% of patients at follow-up. Bad psychosocial adjustment was not correlated with surgical results. The preoperative variables most predictive of poor psychosocial outcome were high scores in the general hypochondriasis and irritability subscales of the illness Behaviour Questionnaire, bad psychological adjustment characterized by high anxiety, depression, and global scores on the Symptom Distress Checklist, and ischemic rather than valvular heart disease. PMID- 3493744 TI - The effect of isotretinoin in six patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Oral retinoids are effective in the treatment of patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant skin disorders, including mycosis fungoides. We treated six patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with isotretinoin 1 to 2 mg/kg/d. All patients experienced symptomatic relief (fading of skin lesions and disappearance of pruritus) within two to eight weeks of starting the drug therapy; pretreatment and posttreatment biopsy specimens were unchanged. Adverse effects were minor and primarily consisted of drying of the mucous membranes. We conclude that isotretinoin is a well-tolerated, easily administered drug that provides good palliation of symptoms and signs associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients who are unable or unwilling to comply with standard therapy. PMID- 3493745 TI - Minoxidil-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient treated for two months with the antihypertensive agent minoxidil developed pleural and pericardial effusions in association with a positive antinuclear antibody titer. No evidence of central nervous system or renal involvement was present, and results of specific tests for idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus, including anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-Smith antibodies, were negative. Complement levels were normal. The patient's clinical picture improved and titers of antinuclear antibody decreased after discontinuation of minoxidil therapy, suggesting that minoxidil induced a lupus like syndrome in this patient. PMID- 3493746 TI - Outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Analysis of long-term observation of 38 patients. AB - The natural history and prognostic factors of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are poorly defined. We reviewed our experience with PSC to determine its natural history and whether any factors on presentation or during follow-up were indicative of a favorable or unfavorable prognosis. Thirty-eight patients were followed up for 75.1 +/- 58.7 months; 17 (45%) had a poor outcome, defined as the occurrence of death (11 patients [29%]), variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, or hepatic transplantation. We found the following: the rate of progression of PSC is highly variable; an asymptomatic presentation may not indicate a more favorable outcome or prolonged survival; a serum bilirubin value of four times or more the upper limit of normal, particularly if sustained so as to exclude a reversible cause, is indicative of late-stage disease with a likelihood of subsequent poor outcome and death; and variceal hemorrhage may occur before the terminal stage of the disease. PMID- 3493747 TI - Evidence for destruction of lung tissues during Pneumocystis carinii infection. AB - Five cases of Pneumocystis carinii infection with evidence of lung tissue destruction that occurred in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed. None of the patients had a history of cigarette smoking, but all five had either cavitarylike lesions in the lungs or had pneumothorax at the time of presentation to the hospital. All patients had P carinii identified in specimens obtained either from bronchial washings or from open-lung biopsy. In four of the five patients, no other pathogens were involved in the lungs, while the fifth patient had concomitant cytomegalovirus infection. Findings on chest roentgenograms included large thin-walled cavitarylike lesions, multiple cavitary lesions, or pneumothorax. These presentations of the infection have not been previously described, and the mechanisms for lung tissue damage are as yet unknown. Cavitary lung disease found on chest roentgenograms in patients should not exclude the diagnosis of P carinii pneumonia, and patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with pneumothorax should have the possibility of P carinii infection included in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 3493748 TI - [Fate of aortocoronary vein grafts]. PMID- 3493750 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the heart in two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We report two cases of primary cardiac lymphoma that developed in patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Both cases of lymphoma were histologically aggressive as generally observed in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The lymphoma cells in the center of a tumor nodule obtained from one patient were monoclonal B-cells, whereas those at the periphery showed a polyclonal pattern of staining. It is postulated that this represents a monoclonal lymphoma evolving from a polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation analogous to those reported in some cases of lymphoma in immunosuppressed patients infected with Epstein-Barr virus. The lymphoma cells in the other case failed to stain for cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The possible underlying basis for the increase in incidence of lymphoma in immunodeficiency and the reasons for prevalence of extranodal sites are discussed. PMID- 3493751 TI - Direct ultrastructural evidence of target-directed polarization by cytotoxic lymphocytes in lesions of human graft-vs-host disease. AB - Cytotoxic lymphocytes are thought to kill target cells by means of potent cytotoxic granules that congregate near the microtubular organizing center and the Golgi apparatus at one pole of the killer cell. We searched for evidence of this type of polarization in 12 lip biopsy specimens from patients with acute and/or chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) compared with two lip specimens from normal individuals. Lymphocytes with such polarization were found in contact with epithelial cells of the squamous mucosa in all 12 cases of GVHD, and cells of the cuboidal minor salivary duct epithelium were found in two of 11 evaluable cases. The data add support to the hypothesis that cytolytic lymphocytes attack epithelial cells in GVHD. PMID- 3493749 TI - Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. AB - We studied 14 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by positron emission tomography and the fluorodeoxyglucose method, looking for abnormalities in local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose in brain structures that have been hypothesized to function abnormally in OCD. These patients were compared with 14 normal controls and 14 patients with unipolar depression. The patients with unipolar depression and OCD did not differ in levels of anxiety, tension, or depression. In OCD, metabolic rates were significantly increased in the left orbital gyrus and bilaterally in the caudate nuclei. This was apparent on all statistical comparisons with both controls and unipolar depression. The right orbital gyrus showed at least a trend to an increased metabolic rate in all comparisons. The metabolic rate in the left orbital gyrus, relative to that in the ipsilateral hemisphere (orbital gyrus/hemisphere ratio), was significantly elevated compared to controls and subjects with unipolar depression, and stayed high even with successful drug treatment. Though it was in the normal range in the morbid state, with improvement in OCD symptoms after drug treatment, the caudate/hemisphere metabolic ratio increased uniformly and significantly bilaterally. This ratio did not increase in patients who did not respond to treatment. Thus, OCD showed cerebral glucose metabolic patterns that differed from controls in both the symptomatic and recovered states. PMID- 3493752 TI - Pulmonary histiocytosis X and carcinoma. AB - Four patients who developed both pulmonary histiocytosis X and carcinoma of the lung are described. Some authors have hypothesized that patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X-associated scarring are also at increased risk of developing lung carcinoma. However, case reports of this phenomenon are rare. The cases presently reported may support this hypothesis, although additional factors, such as cigarette smoking, may better explain the association. PMID- 3493753 TI - [Study of c-myc expression in the activation of human T cells]. PMID- 3493755 TI - [Surgical myocardial revascularization with sequential saphenous bypass]. PMID- 3493754 TI - [The effects of xiao-chai-hu-tang (syosaiko-to) on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity]. PMID- 3493756 TI - The diagnosis of dementia with single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography is a practical modality for the study of physiologic cerebral activity in vivo. We utilized single photon emission computed tomography and N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine iodine 123 to evaluate regional cerebral blood flow in nine patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), five healthy elderly control subjects, and two patients with multi-infarct dementia. We found that all subjects with AD demonstrated flow deficits in temporoparietal cortex bilaterally, and that the ratio of activity in bilateral temporoparietal cortex to activity in the whole slice allowed the differentiation of all patients with AD from both the controls and from the patients with multi-infarct dementia. Furthermore, this ratio showed a strong correlation with disease severity in the AD group. Single photon emission computed tomography appears to be useful in the differential diagnosis of dementia and reflects clinical features of the disease. PMID- 3493757 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia and multiple sclerosis. AB - In a series of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) who were treated with radiofrequency electrocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion and retrogasserian rootlets, either alone or with glycerol, 16 patients with TN and multiple sclerosis (TNMS) are compared with 219 patients with TN without MS. Patients with TNMS were younger and more likely to have bilateral facial pain than those with TN alone. Probability of ipsilateral recurrence was calculated on the basis of Kaplan and Meier product-limit estimates and showed no significant differences in the two groups. PMID- 3493758 TI - Limited choroidal hemorrhage associated with extracapsular cataract extraction. AB - Limited choroidal hemorrhage was observed in eight (2.2%) of 368 eyes subjected to extracapsular cataract extraction, compared with a rate of 3.07% in our previous study, in which the technique employed was intracapsular extraction. The difference was found to be significant only for eyes with high myopia. Myopia was found to be the main risk factor for the development of limited choroidal hemorrhage, especially when general anesthesia was used. The presence of glaucoma or the combination of extracapsular cataract extraction and trabeculectomy may increase the susceptibility to this complication. The occurrence of limited choroidal hemorrhage did not affect the final visual function. PMID- 3493759 TI - Congenital stationary night blindness presenting as Leber's congenital amaurosis. AB - Two siblings with autosomal-recessive congenital stationary night blindness were clinically blind in infancy. Both had markedly abnormal electroretinograms that, in the first child, led consultants at two university centers to make the diagnosis of Leber's congenital amaurosis. The patients had intermittent nystagmus and esotropia, but good photopic vision developed eventually. Scotopic vision was clearly defective in each child. Refractive error in both patients was close to emetropic in early infancy but became myopic by 1 year of age. Congenital stationary night blindness must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the blind infant. PMID- 3493760 TI - [Neuro-otology]. PMID- 3493762 TI - Fetal macrosomia: demographic analysis and perinatal performance in a Chinese population. PMID- 3493761 TI - [The petrous bone and the rest of the cranial base]. PMID- 3493763 TI - The influence of eye movements and tactile information on postural sway in patients with peripheral vestibular lesions. AB - The statokinesigram of the 16 benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) patients and the 28 vestibular deficits (VDS) patients were analyzed in comparison with the 20 normal subjects (NS). Velocity of the track (LNG/T), root mean square (RMS), and standard deviation area (SD-Area) were used as parameters. Fourteen different tests were done. When the result for each subject group were analyzed there were interesting differences between the compensated VDS and BPPV patients and between the untreated period and the compensated stage in each patient group. Comparing the data between NS and BPPV at the compensated stage, the latter group was unstable while watching LED with OKN on the tactile information plate (S-G plate). The significant differences were for RMS and SD Area. The data of the NS and the untreated VDS show that the latter group was more unstable while watching LED with OKN than in the dark on the S-G plate. According to the data of the NS and the VDS at the compensated stage, the latter group was more unstable during OKN or watching LED which was almost the same as in the dark on both plate conditions. And it was more unstable while watching LED than during OKN on the S-G plate. The significant differences were for velocity of body sway (LNG/T). The neural region for compensation in BPPV patients might be on the visuo-oculomotor pathway through the peripheral retina. One of the most important regions for compensation in VDS patients might be in the rombencephalic reticular formation. PMID- 3493764 TI - Clinical investigation of vestibular damage by antituberculous drugs. AB - Vestibular function testing was done regularly on the cases given streptomycin, kanamycin, or enviomycin and a method to detect the cases of vestibular dysfunction at an early stage was discussed, as well as the time these drugs should be discontinued. Subjects were 85 cases of tuberculosis treated with streptomycin, kanamycin, or enviomycin who were admitted to our hospital from December 1984 to May 1986. The method of equilibrium examination performed at regular intervals is as follows: standing test (Romberg test), stepping test, and Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test were done once a week for a month after starting antituberculous injections and they were re-examined once every 2 weeks for at least 3 months after beginning the injections. After the 3 months these tests were done once a month. Eight cases of vestibular damage due to streptomycin or enviomycin could be easily detected at an early stage by performing Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test, together with the standing test and the stepping test. Vestibular dysfunction is apt to occur after about 1 month or within a month from the start of daily injections especially with streptomycin. Therefore, the method of equilibrium examination, we suggest, is that the Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test, the standing test (Romberg test), and the stepping test should be performed once a week during the first month after the start of this drug. When the result of the Meyer zum Gottesberge's head-shaking test is less than 50% and swaying and/or rotation occur in the stepping test, the drugs being given should be discontinued. PMID- 3493765 TI - Apparatus for measurement of dynamic body equilibrium in the guinea pig. AB - An apparatus for the measurement of dynamic bodily equilibrium function in guinea pigs was made and its applicability was investigated. This apparatus consists of two cubical boxes (one of them is the starting box, and the other the goal box) connected by a 30 cm wide, 150 cm long, and 20 cm high straight platform. From the grids mounted on the floor of the starting box, an electric stimulation was given to make them run fully on the platform toward the goal box. On the floor of the platform, except for the 7 cm wide center line, 6 channels (3 channels on each side) of pressor-sensor-type recording system are installed. Thus, the animal's running performance is recorded by multi-channel pen recorder. At first, the animals should be screened and trained. Mostly the animals have learned to run with minimal deviations in several tens of training runnings. Thus, when the training period was over, five animals were selected to determine the recovery process of locomotion after the unilateral labyrinthectomy. The obtained results depicted through the gradual decrement of deviation count and running time were consistent with the previously reported results using other animals. Therefore, it could be concluded that this recovery process of bodily dysequilibrium measured by this test procedure must reflect the vestibular compensation of this animal. PMID- 3493766 TI - Long saphenous vein harvesting. AB - There is described an easy and rapid technique using the Mayo Vein Stripper to facilitate safe harvesting of the long saphenous vein for vascular reconstruction. It provides good quality vein and a superior cosmetic result without wound complications. PMID- 3493767 TI - Intrinsic versus extrinsic coagulation. Kinetic considerations. AB - A study to compare the kinetics of activation of factor IX by Factor XIa/Ca2+ and by Factor VIIa/tissue factor/Ca2+ has been undertaken. When purified human proteins, detergent-extracted brain tissue factor and tritiated-activation peptide-release assays were utilized, the kinetic constants obtained were: Km = 310 nM, kcat. = 25 min-1 for Factor XIa and Km = 210 nM, kcat. = 15 min-1 for Factor VIIa. The kinetic constants for the activation of Factor X by Factor VIIa/brain tissue factor were: Km = 205 nM, kcat. = 70 min-1. Predicted rates for the generation of Factor IXa and Factor Xa were obtained when human monocytic tumour U937 cells (source of tissue factor) and Factor VIIa were used to form the activator. In other experiments, inclusion of high-Mr kininogen did not increase the activation rates of Factor IX by Factor XIa in the presence or absence of platelets and/or denuded rabbit aorta. These kinetic data strongly indicate that both Factor XIa and Factor VIIa play physiologically significant roles in the activation of Factor IX. PMID- 3493769 TI - Mechanistic origin of the sigmoidal rate behaviour of rat liver hexokinase D ('glucokinase'). AB - Two recent proposals to account for the kinetic co-operativity of hexokinase D ('glucokinase') from rat liver are examined. A model in which the deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics result from a random order of binding of the substrates [Pettersson (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 347-350] accounts satisfactorily for the behaviour as a function of glucose concentrations, but it also predicts observable substrate inhibition by MgATP, which is in fact not observed. An alternative proposal in which the deviations arise from recycling of an enzyme MgADP complex [Pettersson (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 154, 167-170] also accounts satisfactorily for some of the data, but the required enzyme-MgADP complex could not be detected in isotope-exchange measurements. Thus the mnemonical mechanism proposed originally [Storer & Cornish-Bowden (1977) Biochem. J. 165, 61-69], which explains the deviations in terms of a relatively slow interconversion between two forms of free enzyme, remains the most parsimonious explanation of the behavior of hexokinase D. PMID- 3493768 TI - Carboxy groups as essential residues in beta-lactamases. AB - Beta-lactamases are divided into classes A, B and C on the basis of their amino acid sequences. Beta-Lactamases were incubated at pH 4.0 with the carboxy-group reagent 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide plus a coloured nucleophile and the extents of inactivation and nucleophile incorporation were monitored. Two class A enzymes (from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis) and two class C enzymes (from Enterobacter cloacae P99 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were examined. All four enzymes were inactivated, with total inactivation corresponding to the incorporation of approx. 2-3 mol of nucleophile/mol of enzyme. In the case of beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus, some 53% of the incorporated nucleophile was located on glutamic acid-168 in the amino acid sequence. PMID- 3493770 TI - Effects of weakly basic amines on proteolytic processing and terminal glycosylation of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - We examined the effects of weakly basic amines on the secretion and post translational modifications of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes. Weakly basic amines such as methylamine, chloroquine and NH4Cl strongly inhibited not only protein secretion, but also the proteolytic conversion of a proform of complement C3, allowing the precursor to be released into the medium. The amines, however, had no effect on the proteolytic conversion of prohaptoglobin into its subunits. Since available evidence indicates that the conversion of pro-C3 occurs at the Golgi complex while that of prohaptoglobin takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum, it is most likely that the weak bases specifically affect the proteolytic event occurring at the Golgi complex. Electron microscopic observations confirmed that the amines caused morphological changes of the Golgi complex, consisting of dilated cisternae and swollen vacuoles. When the glycosylation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor and haptoglobin was examined, it was found that the amines caused a marked accumulation in the cells of both glycoproteins corresponding to the mature secreted forms. Neuraminidase digestion demonstrated that the glycoproteins accumulating in response to the amines had acquired terminal sialic acid. The results indicate that the amines do not significantly affect terminal glycosylation, in contrast with their definite effect on proteolytic processing, despite the fact that both modifications take place in the Golgi complex. PMID- 3493771 TI - Light stimulates the rapid formation of inositol trisphosphate in squid retinas. AB - To test the hypothesis that inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) mediates adaptation and excitation in invertebrate photoreceptors, we measured its formation on a rapid time scale in squid retinas. For squid, excitation and adaption occurs within 0.1 and 1-2 s respectively. We could detect an elevation in InsP3 within 200 ms of a bright flash. This increase is about 240% over dark basal levels and is maintained for at least 2 min after a flash. The increase probably occurs in the photoreceptors, which are the only neurons in squid retinas. Analysis by h.p.l.c. indicates that the light-regulated isomer is Ins(1,4,5)P3, which is formed by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PtdInsP2). PMID- 3493772 TI - Strategies for the design and use of tumor-reactive human monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3493773 TI - Inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 production by platelet activating factor (PAF-acether): reversal by a specific antagonist, BN 52021. AB - When added to a 72 h culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, PAF-acether caused a significant inhibition (40-65%) of proliferation at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M. This inhibition was reversed by the specific PAF antagonist, BN 52021. It was also reversed by indomethacin, suggesting that PAF-acether mediated this suppression via cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. IL-2 production, measured at 24 h of lymphocyte proliferation, was similarly impaired (50-66%) by 10(-8)-10( 6) M PAF-acether. IL-2 production was brought up to 90% of control values when both PAF-acether and BN 52021 (10(-4) M) were added together to the lymphocyte cultures. These studies suggest a significant immunoregulatory role for PAF acether and a potential use of BN 52021 as a biological response modifier. PMID- 3493774 TI - cDNA cloning of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta from mRNA of U937 cell line. AB - Clones of cDNAs encoding growth inhibitory factors for human melanoma cell line A375 were isolated from cDNA library prepared by using mRNA derived from human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 induced with PMA and further stimulated with LPS. Cloning was achieved using Okayama-Berg cDNA expression vector system that permits expression of the inserted cDNA segments in mammalian cells. By assaying the transfected COS-1 cells supernatants and cell extracts, we isolated two distinct cDNA clones encoding growth inhibitory factors. It was determined by the nucleotide sequences of the inserts, the cDNAs corresponded to IL-1 alpha and -1 beta. Our results indicate U937 cells can be induced to produce both interleukin 1s. PMID- 3493775 TI - Inositol(3,4)bisphosphate and inositol(1,3)bisphosphate in GH4 cells--evidence for complex breakdown of inositol(1,3,4)trisphosphate. AB - Analysis of inositol bisphosphates in GH4 cells labelled with [3H]myo-inositol shows that these cells contain three detectable inositol bisphosphates: inositol(1,4)bisphosphate, and two novel inositol bisphosphates. These latter inositol bisphosphates were degraded by periodate oxidation, borohydride reduction and alkaline phosphatase dephosphorylation; each yielded single non cyclic alditols, ribitol and threitol, indicating that they must be respectively inositol(1,3)bisphosphate and inositol(3,4) bisphosphate. These two inositol bisphosphates are putative breakdown products of inositol(1,3,4)trisphosphate, and their occurrence suggests a complex route of hydrolysis of inositol(1,3,4)trisphosphate in intact cells. PMID- 3493776 TI - Tumor necrosis factor as an interleukin 1-dependent differentiation inducing factor (D-factor) for mouse myeloid leukemic cells. AB - Experiments were conducted to purify the differentiation-inducing factor (D factor), which induces differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cell line, Ml, into macrophage-like cells, in a conditioned medium of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. On gel filtration under high performance liquid column chromatography (HPLC), D-factor eluted at the position of 45-15 KD. By the subsequent separation on DEAE HPLC the D-factor activity disappeared. However, in the presence of recombinant human IL 1 alpha the D factor activity appeared at a position where tumor necrosis factor (TNF) eluted. Even after fractionation on hydroxyapatite HPLC the IL 1-dependent D-factor was co-chromatographed with TNF. Recombinant human TNF as well as the partially purified guinea pig TNF induced differentiation of Ml cells in conjunction with either the partially purified guinea pig IL 1 or recombinant human IL 1 alpha, although these factors by themselves did not induce differentiation. These findings suggest that a part of D-factor activity in the conditioned medium resulted from the cooperative effects between TNF and IL 1. PMID- 3493777 TI - Significance of cytochrome P-450 (P-450 HFLa) of human fetal livers in the steroid and drug oxidations. AB - The purpose of this study was to clarify the pharmacological and physiological significance of P-450 HFLa. Thus, correlations between cytochrome P-450 (P-450 HFLa) level and different monooxygenase activities were investigated in liver homogenates from human fetuses. Poor correlation was seen between P-450 HFLa level and the activity of benzphetamine N-demethylation or aniline hydroxylation. In contrast, the content of P-450 HFLa was highly correlated with the activity of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation or testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation. In microsomes from human adult livers, a moderate relationship was also observed between testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation and P 450 HFLa level. Furthermore, antibodies to P-450 HFLa inhibited testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity in fetal and adult livers to similar extents. We conclude that P-450 HFLa is a form of cytochrome P-450 which catalyzes testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation and limited drug oxidations in human fetal and adult livers. PMID- 3493778 TI - New heterocyclic modifiers of oxidative drug metabolism--II. Steric factors in the interaction of isomeric 2-(naphthyl)methylbenzimidazoles with rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activities. AB - The inhibitory potency of the two isomeric 2-(naphthyl)methylbenzimidazoles towards three monooxygenase activities (aminopyrine N-demethylase, 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aniline p-hydroxylase) was assessed in hepatic microsomal fractions from untreated, phenobarbitone-induced and beta naphthoflavone-induced rats. The isomers were essentially equipotent with each other as inhibitors of the phenobarbitone-induced monooxygenases (the ratio of the I50s of the isomers was about 1.0 in each case) but differences between the isomers were noted in the inhibition potencies against three monooxygenase activities from beta-naphthoflavone-induced liver. The isomer 2-(1' naphthyl)methylbenzimidazole was approximately twice as potent as the 2'-naphthyl isomer against 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, whereas the opposite was observed with respect to 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase inhibition; aniline p hydroxylase was poorly inhibited by both isomers. The binding affinity and extent of binding, assessed from double-reciprocal plots of spectral binding studies, of the 1'-isomer was much greater than that of the 2'-isomer in beta-naphthoflavone induced microsomes. Inhibition data in untreated hepatic microsomes were more complex and the finding of principal interest was that the 1'-isomer was poorly inhibitory towards aniline p-hydroxylase activity whereas the 2'-isomer enhanced this activity. These studies suggest that the steric conformations of the isomeric naphthylmethylbenzimidazoles at the cytochrome P-450 active centre determines the extent to which the inhibitors modulate a specific monooxygenase activity, and that multiple binding sites with the capacity to interact to different extents with benzimidazole derivatives are present in P-450 in beta naphthoflavone-induced hepatic microsomes. The apparent importance of steric conformation as a determinant of inhibition and enhancement of aniline p hydroxylase in untreated microsomal fractions may well reflect specific interactions with multiple binding sites. PMID- 3493779 TI - Inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding to HeLa cells by auranofin. PMID- 3493780 TI - Inhibitor of interleukin-2 in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - Although large numbers of T cells infiltrate the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the responses of these cells, as present in the blood and synovial fluid (SF), to exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) and their production of IL-2 are diminished. To investigate this functional defect, RA SF were examined for the presence of inhibitors of IL-1 and IL-2. A factor was found which inhibited the IL-2-induced proliferation of mitogen-stimulated human T cells and the IL-1-induced proliferation of C3H/Hej mouse thymocytes, but not IL 1-induced fibroblast proliferation. On AcA 54 Ultrogel filtration, the inhibitory activity resided in a fraction with an apparent molecular weight of greater than 70 kd and a major pI of 6.8. The inhibitory effect of RA SF on lymphocyte proliferation was partially corrected with IL-2, but not with IL-1. In the presence of RA SF, normal lymphocytes showed not only a decreased response to exogenous IL-2, but also a decreased production of IL-2. The presence of an inhibitor of IL-2 in RA SF could contribute to the IL-2-related T cell defects observed in RA. PMID- 3493782 TI - Synovial fluid alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 3493781 TI - The interaction of antibody/DNA immune complexes with complement. Influence of antibody class and DNA conformation. AB - In 28 serum and plasma samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, we examined the importance of antibody class with respect to complement-mediated binding to human red blood cells (RBC) of antibody/DNA immune complexes (IC) prepared with anti-DNA antibodies. We used both 3H-double-stranded DNA and 3H single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Generally, double-stranded DNA IC showed considerably higher binding than did ssDNA IC in the RBC binding assay. Further analysis indicated that although ssDNA IC fix complement, it is necessary that these IC contain IgM anti-DNA antibodies in order for them to bind to RBC. The results suggest that the mechanisms of clearance and pathogenic potential of these IC may depend upon both the DNA conformation and antibody class. In particular, complement-fixing IC which contain IgG anti-DNA antibodies and ssDNA may not be cleared via the erythrocyte clearance mechanism, and therefore, could be more likely to deposit in certain tissues and initiate inflammatory reactions. PMID- 3493784 TI - Effect of short-term, low-dose corticosteroids on plasma lipoprotein lipids. AB - The effects of low-dose short-term corticosteroids on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol was measured in 23 subjects who received prednisone for active rheumatic disease. After 1 month, plasma cholesterol increased from 195 to 219 mg/dl (P less than 0.001), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from 52 to 70 mg/dl (P less than 0.001). Mean plasma triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) did not show a significant change. There was a wide variation in individual response of plasma lipid values to corticosteroid treatment. There was also a strong relationship between change in plasma total cholesterol and change in LDL-C (r = 0.86) (P less than 0.001), and change in TG (r = 0.39, P less than 0.01), but not in HDL-C. Thus, short-term, low-dose corticosteroids markedly affect plasma lipid levels. In most subjects there is an increase in HDL-C; however, an increase in total cholesterol may be indicative of a change in VLDL-C and LDL-C as well. PMID- 3493785 TI - Smooth muscle cell proliferation in the rat coronary artery induced by vitamin D. AB - Ultrastructural changes induced in rat coronary arteries by oral administration of a large dose of vitamin D2 were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Our observations were that smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred without endothelial denudation and without exposure of the subendothelium. While the endothelial cells did show evidence of degeneration, the adjoining endothelial cells migrated beneath so that these degenerated cells could become detached without exposing the subendothelium. Therefore, factors other than platelets seem to participate in the phenotypic modulation and proliferation of the smooth muscle cell. Medial degeneration may be a prerequisite for formation of the lesion. PMID- 3493786 TI - Surface marker expression of human B-cell lymphomas. AB - We have generated a battery of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that distinguish different antigen molecules present in human B cells. Two antigen systems, termed L26 and L27, respectively, were expressed in most surface immunoglobulin-positive B cells and thus showed pan-B cell specificity. Two other antigens (L22 and L30) appeared to be expressed mainly on small resting B cells but not on large activated B cells. In contrast with L22 and L30, L29 and L4, the latter of which corresponds to OKT10, were not or little expressed on resting B cells, but were found on these B cells after activation either in-vivo or in-vitro with staphylococcal protein-A (SAC) plus interleukin-2 (IL-2) or with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). We also produced MAb (L10) that detected IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) consistently expressed on in-vitro activated B cells as described above. In contrast with L4, L10 and L29, L30 was lost from in-vitro-activated B cells, following the appearance of either L10 or L29 on these in-vitro-activated B cells. Then, we analyzed antigen profiles of B cell tumors using these MAbs as described above. Common acute lymphatic leukemia (CALL) expressed L4 and L30. B cell type chronic leukemia (B-CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) possessed most of the B cell antigens as described herein, and furthermore, HCL expressed IL-2R as detected by L10 MAb. In the case of B cell lymphomas, they were phenotypically divided into two groups, corresponding to either early or late activated B cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493783 TI - Increased factor VII coagulant activity in the rabbit following diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia. Evidence for increased conversion of VII to alpha VIIa and higher flux within the coagulation pathway. AB - Factor VII coagulant activity (VIIc) is considerably higher in rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet than in rabbits fed a standard diet. This increase was statistically significant 4-6 days from the beginning of treatment and rose to about 300% during the 100 days of treatment. Treatment is also associated with a 20-fold increase in plasma cholesterol concentration with the major fraction of excess cholesterol associated with the very low and intermediate density lipoprotein fractions. In both groups of rabbits, the direction and extent of variation in VIIc generally coincided with variation in cholesterol, so that over time there were significant and positive correlations between plasma cholesterol concentration in both the rabbits fed the standard diet and the rabbits fed the cholesterol-supplemented diet. The increase in VIIc was due to a higher proportion of the more active alpha VIIa in the plasma of hypercholesterolaemic rabbits rather than to an increase in the concentration of the single-chain protein. The plasma concentration of factor X and prothrombin had increased in the hypercholesterolaemic rabbits by 10 days from the beginning of treatment and both proteins were maintained at 150-200% of the concentrations in the plasma of rabbits fed the standard diet. However, these differences were only seen when the factor X and prothrombin were assayed using synthetic substrates. The specific coagulation assays for these two factors revealed no differences between the groups of animals up to 100 days. PMID- 3493787 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma (polyostotic form)]. PMID- 3493788 TI - Anatomical dissociation of the substrates of medial forebrain bundle self stimulation and exploration. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine whether brain stimulation reward and exploration are induced by activation of the same set of neurons along the medial forebrain bundle. The behavioral version of the collision test was utilized with electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A collision effect obtained between LH and VTA in one behavior at the exclusion of the other was treated as evidence of the involvement of two different sets of fibers. In 4 rats, a collision effect was observed only in self-stimulation, whereas in 1 rat, a collision was obtained in exploration at the exclusion of self-stimulation. Three animals showed no collision in either behavior. These data suggest that coexistence of self-stimulation and exploration following medial forebrain bundle stimulation can be explained by current spread on two different sets of fibers. PMID- 3493789 TI - Molecular analysis of the cytolytic T-lymphocyte response elicited by retrovirus induced tumours in mice. PMID- 3493790 TI - A response to Cohn's criticism of network theory. PMID- 3493792 TI - The evaluation of effect of radiotherapy on T and B lymphocytes with standard methods and monoclonal antibodies: results at 30 months. AB - We examined and evaluated the immunologic status of 15 patients suffering from neoplastic, not ematologic, diseases, who underwent external beam radiation therapy. We determined the total lymphocyte count, the percentage of E and EAC rosettes, surface membrane immunoglobulins, the lymphocyte reactivity to PWM and PHA, and T-lymphocyte subpopulations by means of monoclonal antibodies (OKT3-OKT4 OKT8). Besides we evaluated the percentage of LEU7 and OKM1 cells and lymphocytes response to MLR. Blastogenesis tests (PHA and MLR), after 18 months, were performed with and without monocytes. We found out that the amount of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations, which was extremely variable during and after radiotherapy, gradually returned to initial value. After 30 months, the functional impairment seems to be almost completely recovered. At 18 months from the beginning of radiation treatment, the mixed lymphocyte reaction was normal. The presence of monocytes doesn't change either MLR or PHA responses. LEU7+ cells are normal, while OKM1+ cells increased. PMID- 3493791 TI - [Immunopathology of HTLV III infection in drug addicts]. AB - The authors are herewith reporting the results of an immunological screening performed on 15 drug addicts presenting serological positivity for anti HTLV III (Elisa and WB). The study has been carried out determining populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes (T3, T4, T8 and T4/T8) and performing cutaneus tests with multiple antigens (Tetanus--Candida--Diphtheria--Proteus- Streptococcus and Tricophyton). The results achieved by mean of the above mentioned tests seem to indicate the presence of an immunodeficit hitting mainly the cell-mediated immunity in all the patients examined. PMID- 3493793 TI - Monoclonal antibody defined T cell subsets in primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series we studied the blood T lymphocyte subsets of 12 patients with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome, 15 with Rheumatoid Arthritis associated Sjogren's Syndrome and 10 normal controls. We found a marked reduction of T lymphocytes both in Primary and Secondary Sjogren's Syndrome compared with normal controls (p less than 0.001). While no difference was noted in the number of helper-inducer T cells between Primary and Secondary Sjogren's Syndrome, a more important decrease of suppressor-cytotoxic cells was demonstrated in Secondary Sjogren's Syndrome (p less than 0.01). These data may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. PMID- 3493794 TI - Single-shot i.v. anaesthesia for outpatient dental surgery. Comparison of 2,6 di isopropyl phenol and methohexitone. AB - A single i.v. bolus dose of propofol 3 mg kg-1 was compared with methohexitone 2 mg kg-1 as the sole anaesthetic agent for simple dental extraction in outpatients. Induction of anaesthesia was smoother with propofol, with a lower incidence of excitatory phenomena. Pain on injection was a common complication of both drugs and related to the site of injection. The Leeds Psychomotor Tester was used to assess psychomotor performance during the recovery. Rate of recovery from anaesthesia was similar with both agents, and there was little residual impairment of psychomotor function 40 min after induction. PMID- 3493795 TI - Dose requirements of propofol by infusion during nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. II: Patients premedicated with lorazepam. AB - The infusion rate of propofol required to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen to maintain surgical anaesthesia was determined in 72 patients premedicated with lorazepam. Following an induction dose of propofol 2 mg kg-1, groups of eight patients received an infusion of propofol varying from 60 to 200 micrograms kg-1 min-1. Probit analysis was used to determine the ED50 (130 micrograms kg-1 min-1; 95% confidence limits: 106-167 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and ED95 (348 micrograms kg 1 min-1; 95% confidence limits: 233-1296 micrograms kg-1 min-1) for propofol infusion. Whole blood propofol concentrations at the time of surgical incision correlated strongly with the infusion rate, giving an EC50 value of 2.5 micrograms ml-1, and an EC95 value of 5.92 micrograms ml-1. There was no significant correlation between the rate of infusion of propofol, or the total propofol dose, and the times to response to command, or to recall of birthdate. PMID- 3493796 TI - Prevalence, incidence and chronicity of drinking patterns and problems among men as a function of age: a longitudinal and cohort analysis. PMID- 3493797 TI - Psoriasis, razoxane and a cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. AB - A woman with a 20-year history of acral pustular psoriasis of Hallopeau and recurrent pustular lesions of the forearms and lower legs, developed a B-cell lymphoma of the lip following 4 1/2 years of treatment with razoxane. PMID- 3493798 TI - Is the pathogenesis of Sweet's syndrome mediated by interleukin-1? PMID- 3493799 TI - Effective multiagent chemotherapy in children with advanced B-cell lymphoma: who remains the high risk patient? AB - Between 1981 and 1985, 50 patients, mainly children and adolescents, with advanced B-cell lymphoma were entered on a protocol comprising eight drugs: cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, high dose methotrexate, adriamycin, BCNU, cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine. Treatment to the central nervous system consisted of intrathecal methotrexate and cytosine-arabinoside in association with high dose methotrexate without irradiation. Data was collected prospectively with regard to response rate, treatment related complications and survival. Histology was reviewed in all referred cases and in 21 there was supportive evidence from immunological and cytogenetic studies. The overall complete response rate was 86%: 31/36 stage III and 12/14 stage IV. There were four treatment related deaths. The overall disease-free survival is 75% with a median follow up of 32 months. In the group of stage IV patients 5/7 with only marrow involvement, 2/4 with isolated CNS involvement and 1/3 with combined CNS and marrow infiltration survive. All the patients with CNS involvement at presentation underwent consolidation treatment with high dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant. These results demonstrate the very high curability of B cell lymphoma using intensive multiagent therapy even with advanced abdominal disease. Bone marrow infiltration does not appear to be an adverse prognostic factor in isolation from bulk disease or CNS involvement. There remain, however, two groups of patients in whom further intensification of therapy is indicated, namely, those with initial CNS involvement, especially in combination with marrow infiltration, and those with extensive multiorgan involvement at presentation who fail to achieve remission with initial therapy. For the other patients, the large majority, a reduction in the intensity and duration of therapy is currently under study. PMID- 3493801 TI - Occupational risk and the development of premalignant skin lesions among paraquat manufacturers. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and possible aetiological factors of premalignant skin lesions observed among paraquat manufacturers. A total of 228 workers in 28 factories were interviewed and independently examined by a dermatologist during site inspection in 1985. Information concerning past working experience, current toxic exposures, other risk factors of hyperpigmented macules and keratosis, and the past and present manufacturing processes of each factory was collected. Sixty nine cases of hyperpigmented macules and 17 of hyperkeratosis were found. Typical macules were irregular in shape, pin head size, hyperpigmented, with or without hyperkeratosis, and usually distributed symmetrically over the forearms, hands, neck, and upper chest, where exposure to sunlight was maximal. Six patients with hyperkeratotic lesions subsequently had biopsies performed and two showed Bowenoid changes. Eighty per cent (28 cases) and 67% (38 cases) of workers developed hyperpigmented macules if they had ever been engaged in bipyridine centrifugation and crystallisation, respectively; there were three workers 3% with such lesions among those who performed packaging or administrative jobs, or both. There was a significant trend (p less than 0.0001) for workers to develop hyperpigmented macules and hyperkeratosis the longer they had been exposed to centrifugation or crystallisation, or both, independent of age and the duration of exposure to sunlight. Evidence is presented to suggest that sunlight is a necessary cofactor and that the aetiological agent was produced during high temperature sodium process of bipyridine synthesis, and possibly bipyridine isomer(s). PMID- 3493802 TI - Effect of anal electrostimulation with the 'Incontan' device in women with urinary incontinence. AB - An integrated, automatic electrical stimulator has been developed to treat urinary incontinence. A group of 121 women with either stress-, motor urge- or mixed incontinence was selected for treatment, but 23 discontinued the treatment within 3 months and were excluded from the study. In the study group of 98 women, anal stimulation was applied for an average of 9 months (range 3-36 months). Between 9 and 36 months after the treatment was completed, 91% were either continent or had improved significantly, but in 9% the stimulation had no effect. Significant improvement occurred on clinical and urodynamic testing. There were no serious side-effects. Intra-anal electrostimulation therapy provides an alternative to surgery in patients with stress incontinence, and could be the first choice of treatment in women with combined stress and motor urge incontinence. PMID- 3493800 TI - Frequent lymphocytes infection by hepatitis B virus in haemophiliacs. AB - We have tested the different mononuclear blood cell populations of seven patients with severe haemophilia and one patient with F VII deficiency for the presence of HBV DNA. These subjects were all polytransfused with non-heated coagulation factors; three were HBsAg positive, five HBsAg negative but anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive; HBV DNA sequences were detected in six subjects including three without detectable serum HBsAg. Furthermore the viral DNA sequences were identified in the T lymphocyte subpopulations (OKT4+ and/or OKT8+ cells). This observation suggests that HBV infection of lymphocytes might be related to the immunological disorders observed in these patients. PMID- 3493803 TI - An outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis: analysis of strains by enzyme profile and antifungal susceptibility. AB - Twenty-two isolates from patients with postsurgical endophthalmitis due to infection with Candida parapsilosis as a result of exposure to a contaminated ocular irrigating solution were classified by enzyme profile analysis and antifungal susceptibility. These isolates were identical to a single isolate obtained from a contaminated vial but could be differentiated, on the basis of enzyme profile and antifungal susceptibility, from randomly selected stock isolates. The combination of these tests appears to have value in discriminating epidemic from non-epidemic strains. PMID- 3493805 TI - Localization of binding sites within human von Willebrand factor for monomeric type III collagen. AB - Purified human plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) binds to pepsin-digested monomeric type III collagen in a saturable (KD = 1 X 10(-8) M), specific, and rapid manner with a stoichiometry of approximately 1:15 [vWf subunit (Mr 270,000):collagen trimer (Mr 300,000)]. Two reduced and alkylated CNBr peptides of vWf, termed M11 residues 542-622 and M20 residues 948-998 [Titani, K., Kumar, S., Takio, K., Ericsson, L. H., Wade, R. D., Ashida, K., Walsh, K. A., Chopek, M. W., Sadler, J. E., & Fujikawa, K. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3171-3184], inhibited vWf binding to collagen. With 125I-vWf (2 X 10(-9) M) as ligand, M11, M20, fragment III (a dimeric, V8 protease, NH2-terminal fragment, Mr 320,000 referenced above), and unlabeled vWf inhibited binding to collagen with EC50 values of 4.8 X 10(-7), 9.4 X 10(-7), 1.1 X 10(-7), and 0.2 X 10(-7) M, respectively. M11 and M20 bind to collagen directly when 125I-labeled peptides are used as ligands. Other CNBr fragments of vWf were less effective as inhibitors (5-fold or less) and bound less avidly to collagen (5-fold or less) compared to M11 and M20. A murine anti-human vWf monoclonal antibody (MR5), which blocks the binding of vWf to collagen, bound selectively to both M11 and M20 when tested in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493804 TI - Bietti's tapetoretinal degeneration with marginal corneal dystrophy (crystalline retinopathy): case report. AB - A patient with Bietti's tapetoretinal degeneration and marginal corneal dystrophy is reported on. Refractile deposits found in both the retina and cornea are the most striking feature of this condition. Apart from a slight reduction in left visual acuity there were no visual symptoms. The dark adapted electroretinogram was abnormal. No metabolic disturbance was detected. PMID- 3493806 TI - Raman microscope studies on the primary photochemistry of vertebrate visual pigments with absorption maxima from 430 to 502 nm. AB - Raman microscope vibrational spectra have been recorded from single photoreceptor cells frozen at 77 K. Spectra of photostationary steady-state mixtures of visual pigments and their primary photoproducts were obtained from toad red rods (lambda max 502 nm), angelfish rods (lambda max 500 nm), gecko blue rods (lambda max 467 nm), and bullfrog green rods (lambda max 430 nm). All four photoproducts have enhanced low-wavenumber Raman lines at approximately 850, 875, and 915 cm-1 and show the anomalous decoupling of the 11- and 12-hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) wagging vibrations, as is observed in the bovine primary photoproduct. The low wavenumber lines are enhanced in the resonance Raman spectrum by conformational distortion, and the uncoupling of the 11- and 12-hydrogen wags is caused by additional protein perturbations. The similarity of the HOOP modes in all four photoproducts indicates that the protein perturbations that uncouple the 11- and 12-hydrogen wags and that enhance the HOOP modes are very similar. Thus, these perturbations of the photoproduct Raman spectrum cannot be caused by the same protein-chromophore interactions that are responsible for wavelength regulation in these pigments. PMID- 3493807 TI - Affinity alkylation of the active site of C21 steroid side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 from neonatal porcine testis: a unique cysteine residue alkylated by 17-(bromoacetoxy)progesterone. AB - The affinity alkylating progesterone analogue 17-(bromoacetoxy)progesterone has been used to label the active site of a microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme from neonatal pig testis. The enzyme causes removal of the C20 and C21 side chains from the substrates progesterone and pregnenolone by catalyzing both 17 hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase reactions, which produce the corresponding C19 steroidal precursors of testosterone. The progesterone analogue causes simultaneous inactivation of the two catalytic activities of the enzyme by a first-order kinetic process that obeys saturation kinetics. Progesterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone each protect the enzyme against inactivation. The progesterone and analogue is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with Ki values of 8.4 microM and 7.8 microM for progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, respectively. The enzyme inactivation and kinetic data are consistent with a theory proposing that the analogue and the two substrates compete for the same active site. The radioactive analogue 17-[( 14C]bromoacetoxy)progesterone causes inactivation of the enzyme with incorporation of 1.5-2.2 mol of the analogue per mole of inactivated enzyme. When this experiment is carried out in the presence of a substrate, then 0.9-1.2 mol of radioactive analogue is incorporated per mole of inactivated enzyme. The data suggest that the analogue can bind to two different sites, one of which is related to the catalytic site. Radiolabeled enzyme samples, from reactions of the 14C-labeled analogue with the enzyme alone or with enzyme in the presence of a substrate, were subjected to amino acid analysis and also to tryptic digestion and peptide mapping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493808 TI - The presence of histidine residues at or near the C1q binding site of rabbit immunoglobulin G. AB - Treatment of covalently crosslinked rabbit IgG oligomers with diethylpyrocarbonate resulted in the loss of their C1q binding activity. The inactivation was a first-order process with respect to time in the range 0-8 min, and modifier concentration from 0 to 2.39 mM. Hydroxylamine treatment of diethylpyrocarbonate-treated IgG oligomers led to 80% recovery of their C1q binding activity. Diethylpyrocarbonate treatment of IgG oligomers had little effect on their absorbance at 278 nm, but led to an increase in their absorbance at 242 nm. The apparent pKa of the modified residues was 6.91 +/- 0.12. These data are consistent with diethylpyrocarbonate modification of histidine residues leading to loss of C1q binding activity in rabbit IgG oligomers. Modification of four histidine residues per IgG molecule was associated with the loss of C1q binding activity. Thus, there may be two histidine residues at or near the C1q binding sites in the CH2 domains of rabbit IgG. PMID- 3493809 TI - Exposure of platelet binding sites in von Willebrand factor by adsorption onto polystyrene latex particles. AB - Von Willebrand factor molecules are flexible linear polymers composed of repeating protomeric polypeptide subunits. In the process of primary hemostasis, von Willebrand factor promotes platelet adhesion and platelet plug formation at the site of vascular injury. This biologic activity is apparently related to the multimeric size of von Willebrand factor. We simulated von Willebrand factor binding to the subendothelial surface by adsorbing purified human von Willebrand factor onto polystyrene latex particles of two different diameters, i.e., 0.312 micron and 2.02 micron. The rate and extent of 125I-labeled von Willebrand factor binding to polystyrene was similar with both size classes of latex particles. The von Willebrand factor-coated latex beads of 2.02 micron diameter, in contrast to the smaller size, induced rapid agglutination of formalin-fixed human platelets in the absence of any other aggregating agent. Von Willebrand factor was also adsorbed from human plasma onto latex particles coated with anti-von Willebrand factor antibodies. Again, only the large beads, carrying the von Willebrand factor-antibody complex, induced agglutination of fixed platelets. Shear stress promoted the rate of von Willebrand factor adsorption to latex particles. Our results suggest that adsorption to surface exposes binding sites in human von Willebrand factor for platelets. PMID- 3493810 TI - 1H- and 31P-NMR studies on smooth muscle of bullfrog stomach. AB - 31P-NMR spectra of bullfrog stomach smooth muscle showed peaks for creatine phosphate (4.8 mumol X g-1 wet wt.), ATP (3.6), inorganic phosphate (Pi, 2.4), phosphomonoesters (3.0) and phosphodiesters (3.3). The intracellular pH was 7.3, and calculated from the chemical shift of Pi. 1H-NMR spectra of smooth muscle yielded peaks of 2.9 for lactate, 6.6 for total creatine (creatine phosphate + creatine) and methyl protons of choline tentatively assigned to glycerolphosphorylcholine or to membrane phospholipids. Creatine phosphate and ATP decreased under anaerobic conditions, and intracellular acidification was observed with the concomitant increase in lactate. 31P saturation transfer studies showed that saturation of the gamma-ATP resonance reduced the intensity of creatine phosphate to 60% of its control value, and the measured T1 value of creatine phosphate was 2.4 s with saturation. The calculated forward flux of the creatine kinase reaction (decomposition direction of creatine phosphate) was 0.77 mumol X g-1 wet wt. X s-1. The creatine kinase flux was approx. 100-times larger than the ATP turnover rate, calculated from the oxygen consumption rate with the assumption, P/O = 3. In conclusion, the creatine kinase reaction is at equilibrium in resting smooth muscle of bullfrog stomach. PMID- 3493811 TI - [Effect of changes in temperature on the cholesterol and phospholipid ratio in nerve fibers of the frog and squid]. AB - The character of changes in molar correlation of cholesterol and phospholipids has been studied at different functional states in frog myelinic nerve and squid nonmyelinic nerve trunk. The correlation cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) found for both nerves in rest increases at temperature 38 degrees C. The electrical stimulation on the background of higher temperature action leads to unequal shift of C/P: the increase compared with the rest in frog and decrease in squid. PMID- 3493812 TI - Optical recording of action potential propagation in demyelinated frog nerve. AB - Conduction in focally demyelinated frog nerves has been measured optically using potential-sensitive dyes. Absorption changes were recorded with an array of photodiodes positioned in the image plane of a microscope. Both the amplitude and conduction velocity of the optical signals decreased in the demyelinated region. Conduction was improved after exposure to the potassium channel blocking agent 4 aminopyridine. PMID- 3493813 TI - Urinary alpha 1 microglobulin levels in surveys of Balkan endemic nephropathy. AB - The urinary alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1m) concentration was measured in 644 adults living in districts where Balkan nephropathy (BEN) is endemic. Comparison of alpha 1m with other indicators of tubular proteinuria, which is a classical sign of BEN, showed alpha 1m was a satisfactory marker. Using a cut-off of 20 mg alpha 1m/L none of 102 normal UK residents had a positive level. Whilst a raised level of alpha 1m was present in 85.7% of definitive cases of BEN and in 8.1%, 10.2% and 50% of subjects previously classified as normal, at risk and suspicious respectively according to the criteria used for epidemiological surveys of BEN. PMID- 3493815 TI - [Regulation of the natural killer activity of lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with chronic lympholeukemia through the interaction of T- and non-T cells]. AB - The role of T- and B-cell cooperative interaction in the regulation of natural killer (NK) activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. It has been shown that preincubation of normal donor mononuclear cells (MNC) for 48 h is followed by the loss of NK activity, while the incubation of the isolated T- and non-T-cell subsets does not lead to an analogous fall in the killer lymphocyte function. NK activity of MNC and isolated lymphocyte subsets in normal donors is shown to exceed that of CLL patients. The absence of preincubation effect on NK activity level of MNC, T- and non-T-cells in CLL patients has been also found. The findings obtained suggest that as a result of T- and B-cell interaction during preincubation differentiation of young T lymphocytes with NK cellular properties takes place. It is followed by the loss in NK activity. B-cell defect in CLL patients might cause the absence of preincubation effect on NK activity of T cells. PMID- 3493817 TI - Role of colony-stimulating factor in myelopoiesis in murine long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - Weekly medium change or midweek feeding of long-term bone marrow cultures (LTMBCs) results in a significant increase in total myeloid cell production. Proliferative myeloid cells peak 48 hours after feeding, and nonproliferative myeloid cells reach maximum levels at 72 hours. This increase in myelopoiesis is invariably preceded by a significant elevation in biologically and immunologically measurable colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in the supernatants of LTBMC. The level peaks 24 hours after medium change, then gradually returns to basal values. The decrease in CSF relates to its consumption by generating myeloid precursors because no fluctuation in the levels occur in cultures without active myelopoiesis. No significant inhibitors or promoters of CSF were detected. When highly purified L cell CSF, CSF in lung-conditioned medium, or CSF concentrated from LTBMC supernatant is added to cultures, an identical increase in myelopoiesis occurs. Anti-CSF antiserum, added to culture at the time of medium change, totally neutralizes supernatant CSF levels but does not affect myelopoiesis. These findings suggest a potential regulatory role for CSF in myelopoiesis in LTBMC. CSF appears to function within the microenvironment through a mechanism involving cell:cell interactions or by causing the production of other substances that stimulate myelopoiesis. Because exogenous CSF stimulates myelopoiesis, it is likely that it too can react either directly or through microenvironmental cells to stimulate primitive myeloid cells to divide. PMID- 3493814 TI - [Does alpha-tocopherol interact with the active center of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes?]. AB - The interaction of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and its synthetic derivative 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxy-chroman (PMC) with cytochrome P-450 system was studied in the rat liver microsomes. Spectral differentiations of type I, increase of NADPH oxidation rate and inhibition of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase in microsomes were observed only in the presence of PMC. The results obtained suggest that unlike alpha-T, PMC is effectively bound and metabolized by cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3493818 TI - The treatment of hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 3493816 TI - Interactions of plasma kallikrein and C1-s with normal and dysfunctional C1(-) inhibitor proteins from patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema: analytic gel studies. AB - Purified preparations of normal C1(-)-inhibitor (C1(-)-INH) formed high mol wt complexes with plasma kallikrein that were stable during sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, but most of the dysfunctional C1(-)-INH proteins isolated from plasma of patients with type II hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) did not. Two of eight dysfunctional C1(-)-INH proteins were cleaved to lower mol wt forms that were not seen following the reaction of normal C1(-)-INH with equimolar amounts, or less, of plasma kallikrein. Only the higher mol wt component of normal C1(-)-INH (106,000 mol wt) appeared to form a stable complex with the plasma kallikrein, whereas both the 106,000 and 96,000 mol wt forms made stable complexes with C1-s. When a preparation of normal C1(-)-INH containing a homogeneous single band of C1(-)-INH was exposed to C1-s or kallikrein, a "doublet" form evolved in which the heaviest band was in the original position of native C1(-)-INH; C1-s cleavage provided a second band of 96,000; and cleavage by kallikrein, a second band of 94,000 mol wt. We conclude that dysfunctional C1(-) INH proteins from plasma of persons with type II hereditary angioneurotic edema have impaired interactions with plasma kallikrein and are heterogeneous with respect to these interactions. Moreover, the requirements for the formation of stable complexes between normal C1(-)-INH and plasma kallikrein differed from those for stable complex formation with C1-s. The doublet form of C1(-)-INH, which purified preparations frequently demonstrate, may be due to prior cleavage by C1-s or kallikrein. PMID- 3493819 TI - Photopheresis--extracorporeal irradiation of 8-MOP containing blood--a new therapeutic modality. AB - In the course of the last four years our group has had experience with the development of an exciting new concept for the treatment of the exfoliative erythrodermic form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), leukemic form, as well as other T cell mediated diseases: extracorporeal photopheresis (EP). In our first experience with this new therapeutic approach, clinical response was observed in 6 of the 7 patients studied. Skin pathology improved significantly so that 5 of 7 patients were able to resume their normal daily activities. Laboratory response was significant in all 7 as measured by a decrease in abnormal T lymphocytes. In spite of an individually adjusted maintenance therapy no significant side effects have been observed. Our initial observations with this new and apparently safe approach for treatment of CTCL and other T cell mediated diseases (e.g. pemphigus vulgaris) suggest that further more extensive clinical trials as well as research into the basic underlying mechanisms involved are warranted. PMID- 3493822 TI - Paraquat poisoning in the Caribbean. PMID- 3493820 TI - Comparison of the activation and interleukin-1 production of mouse peritoneal macrophages by three types of purified carrageenan. PMID- 3493823 TI - Interpreting clinical trials of antirheumatic drug therapy. PMID- 3493821 TI - A comparative study of longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in plasma levels of prolactin and estriol during normal pregnancy. AB - Plasma prolactin (PRL) and total estriol levels were measured in normal pregnant women using blood samples collected from different patients at different gestational ages (cross-sectional study) and samples collected from the same patient at different gestational ages (longitudinal study). The cross-sectional study showed that PRL exhibited an ascending curve, with a tendency towards increased sample variability as pregnancy progressed. The longitudinal study showed that the slopes of the curves for the isolated cases differed according to the phase of gestation, in contrast to what was suggested by the cross-sectional study. A positive relationship between estriol and PRL was observed. PMID- 3493824 TI - Reiter's syndrome and amyloidosis. PMID- 3493825 TI - Changes in urodynamic measurements after successful anal electrostimulation in female urinary incontinence. AB - Fifty-five of 71 women with stress, motor urge and mixed stress and motor urge urinary incontinence were treated successfully with a new integrated electrostimulation device (Incontan) used anally. Changes in urodynamic measurements were evaluated when the patients themselves reported cure or significant improvement. The duration of the treatment was 9 to 20 h/day for at least 2 months (mean 9 months). According to the patients' subjective evaluation, 71% were cured of their incontinence and 29% were markedly improved. In motor urge and mixed incontinence a significant increase in bladder volume at first sensation and at maximum cystometric capacity was found, and 45% of these patients had a normal, stable bladder after treatment. A significant increase in functional urethral length was observed in patients who had had stress incontinence, but the measured increase in maximum urethral pressure was not significant. Of the 16 patients with stress and mixed incontinence who reported cure, 15 had a positive urethral closure pressure during coughing after treatment. Urodynamic analysis confirmed the positive clinical effect observed after electrostimulation therapy. It is recommended as primary therapy in stress, motor urge and mixed stress and motor urge incontinence in women. PMID- 3493826 TI - Histochemical, biochemical and behavioural consequences of MPTP treatment in C-57 black mice. AB - The histochemical, biochemical and behavioural consequences of MPTP administration in C-57 black mice was assessed 0.5 h, 24 h and 7 days after the last injection of this drug administered daily for 10 days during a 12 day period (30 mg/kg/injection or vehicle). A slight but significant impairment of open field performance was observed at 0.5 h after the last injection of MPTP while a facilitation of locomotory behaviour was observed only in the 24 h post-injection group. Striatal dopamine levels were reduced to 14, 18 and 27% of control levels in the 0.5 h, 24 h and 7 day post-MPTP treated groups, respectively. Histochemical assessment was in agreement with the biochemical assay results in that all MPTP treated animals showed severe depletion of striatal terminal fields. Other terminal fields were occasionally affected by MPTP treatment and only rarely was any change in the fluorescence or morphology of nigral cell bodies seen. Accumulation of amines in the degenerating amine-containing axons which traverse the lateral hypothalamus was not seen in any of the MPTP treated animals. These results indicate that, in the C-57 black mouse, MPTP causes a depletion of striatal dopamine without causing nigral cell loss or axon swelling as is observed with other experimental treatments such as 6-hydroxydopamine. Consistent with this is the behavioural data, indicating that severe deficits in motor function which are associated with nigrostriatal cell loss were not seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493827 TI - Aging and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. AB - This study assessed the influence of aging on substantia nigra degeneration induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Extensive neuronal degeneration was found in the substantia nigra of older (8-12 months of age) but not younger (6-8 weeks of age) mice given MPTP. Older mice did not have higher brain concentrations of either MPTP or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the putative toxic metabolite of MPTP, to account for the greater toxicity. In fact, older mice metabolized MPTP more rapidly than younger mice, probably because of the increase in monoamine oxidase activity that occurs with aging. Striatal synaptosomes from older mice did not accumulate more [3H]MPP+ than synaptosomes from younger mice. Thus, it is concluded that the greater neurodegenerative effect of MPTP in older animals is not due to greater levels or uptake of MPP+, but rather is related to a true increase in sensitivity of older dopaminergic cells to MPTP. For comparative purposes, the toxic effect of another dopaminergic neurotoxin, methamphetamine, was tested. Older animals were not more sensitive than young mature animals to the toxic effect of methamphetamine. This finding indicates that the increased sensitivity of older dopaminergic neurons to MPTP is selective. The link established here between aging and the neurodegenerative effect of MPTP, a toxin which produces parkinsonism in humans, provides a mechanism by which an age-related neurodegenerative disorder such as Parkinson's disease could be caused by an MPTP-like toxin in the environment. PMID- 3493828 TI - Vestibular contribution to the orientation of cervico-ocular reflex in rabbit. AB - In the rabbit the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) helps to maintain the gaze stability during passive head displacements, by increasing the gain and decreasing the phase lead of low frequency vestibular responses and by diminishing in amplitude the anticompensatory vestibular fast phases. These cervical influences appear only for horizontal stimulations, while they are scarce or absent in the vertical and sagittal planes. Ocular responses to horizontal body displacements are oriented in the horizontal plane and remain in the same plane when the head is statically pitched at various degrees, in spite of the directional changes in the extraocular muscle (EOM) lines of force with respect to space. Tension recordings from the EOMs show that the oculomotor system is differently activated depending upon the degree of head inclination. This change in the EOM activation is not observed when the body, instead of the head, is pitched. Furthermore, after bilateral labyrinthectomy (BL) the cervico ocular responses lose their appropriate directionality. It is concluded that the information for determining the plane of the eye movements during cervical stimulations does not originate from the neck proprioception but is provided by the otolithic receptors. PMID- 3493829 TI - Evidence for a local site of action for glucocorticoids in inhibiting CRF and vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus. AB - Local intracerebral implants of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, prevented the expected adrenalectomy-induced enhancement of both corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Control experiments employing either cholesterol-filled cannulae aimed at the PVH, or dexamethasone-filled cannulae aimed at parts of the septum, amygdala or basomedial hypothalamus were ineffective in this paradigm. Coupled with recent evidence for existence of glucocorticoid receptors on CRF-containing neurons in the PVH, the results suggest that the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the expression of both CRF and vasopressin in the parvocellular neurosecretory system can be mediated by receptors on the peptide-synthesizing neurons, themselves. PMID- 3493830 TI - Comparative study of immature and mature olfactory receptor cells in adult frogs. AB - We describe a method to produce frog olfactory epithelium with a population of developmentally synchronized receptor cells suitable for electrophysiological studies. The epithelium is ablated with ZnSO4 and allowed to regenerate for 10 days. Generation of new cells is then blocked by continuous treatment with hydroxyurea. Since new receptor cells are generated beginning on the 6th day after ablation, it is reasonable to assume that receptor cells in the preparation originated between the 6th and 10th days following ablation. The age range of these cells would be no more than 5 days. The cells develop normally and in relative synchrony. Olfactory epithelia with developmentally synchronized receptor cells were used for a physiological study of response properties as a function of developmental age. Developmental stages of receptor cells were confirmed by fine-structure analysis. There were no differences in the polarities or shapes of electro-olfactograms (EOGs) recorded from olfactory epithelia composed of immature or mature receptor cells. However, amplitudes of the main negative components in EOGs recorded from epithelia composed of mature receptor cells were generally higher than those from epithelia composed of immature cells. The majority of immature olfactory receptor cells had low spontaneous activity or none at all. Mature olfactory receptor cells had a variety of frequencies of spontaneous activity ranging from less than one to more than 70 spikes/min. Extracellular single unit activity recordings showed that, contrary to what has been observed in rat embryos, olfactory receptor cells in regenerating epithelial of adult frogs do not go through a stage in which they respond to all odorants. PMID- 3493831 TI - Appearance and development of neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity in organotypic cultures of mouse embryo otocysts. AB - The appearance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactivity was studied in sensory and vestibular ganglion cells during the development of mouse embryo otocysts grown in vitro from the 13th gestation day. NSE appeared sequentially in the ganglion and sensory cell populations of the inner ear with a pattern that paralleled their successive maturation. Comparison with NSE immunoreactivity profile during in vivo development shows that NSE appears earlier during organotypic in vitro maturation. PMID- 3493832 TI - Multimodal responses of taste neurons in the frog nucleus tractus solitarius. AB - The responses of 216 neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the American bullfrog were recorded following taste, temperature, and tactile stimulation. Cells were classified on the basis of their responses to 5 taste stimuli: 0.5 M NaCl, 0.0005 M quinine-HCl (QHCl), 0.01 M acetic acid, 0.5 M sucrose, and deionized water (water). Neurons showing excitatory responses to 1, 2, 3, or 4 of the 5 kinds of taste stimuli were named Type I, II, III, or IV, respectively. Cells whose spontaneous rate was inhibited by taste and/or tactile stimulation of the tongue were termed Type V. Type VI neurons were excited by tactile stimulation alone. Of the 216 cells, 115 were excited or inhibited by taste stimuli (Types I-V), with 35 being Type I, 34 Type II, 40 Type III, 2 Type IV and 4 Type V. The remaining 101 cells were responsive only to tactile stimulation (Type VI). Of those 111 cells excited by taste stimulation (Types I IV), 106 (95%) responded to NaCl, 66 (59%) to acetic acid, 44 (40%) to QHCl, 10 (9%) to water, and 9 (8%) to warming. No cells responded to sucrose. Of the 111 cells of Types I-IV, 76 (68%) were also sensitive to mechanical stimulation of the tongue. There was some differential distribution of these neuron types within the NTS, with more narrowly tuned cells (Type I) being located more dorsally in the nucleus than the more broadly tuned (Type III) neurons. Cells responding exclusively to touch (Type VI) were also more dorsally situated than those responding to two or more taste stimuli (Types II and III). PMID- 3493834 TI - Successful treatment of a traumatic hepatic artery-portal vein arteriovenous fistula by interpositional mesocaval shunting. AB - Hepatic artery-portal vein fistula is an occasional sequel to invasive procedures on the liver, such as biopsy and transhepatic cholangiography. When the fistula is large it may result in portal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding and histologic and functional changes in the liver. Treatment is usually directed at the fistula, either embolizing, dividing or resecting it. Portal decompression has been discouraged in the past. The authors describe a case in which recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, uncontrolled by attempts at embolization, was subsequently managed successfully by portosystemic shunting. They suggest that when the primary symptom related to the fistula is variceal bleeding, portal decompression is a reasonable therapeutic option. PMID- 3493833 TI - Modulation by epidermal growth factor--urogastrone of contraction in isolated canine helical mesenteric arterial strips. AB - We have examined the effect of epidermal growth factor--urogastrone (EGF-URO) on the response of isolated canine helical mesenteric arterial strips contracted by norepinephrine (NE), KCl, and transmural electrical stimulation (TES). Although EGF-URO alone did not affect resting arterial tone, contraction caused by all three modes of stimulation (NE, KCl, and TES) was inhibited up to 50% in the presence of EGF-URO. The action of EGF-URO did not depend on the presence of intact endothelial cells. The most pronounced effect of EGF-URO was observed on KCl-mediated contraction. The inhibitory effect of EGF-URO was maximal at about 15 min after addition of the polypeptide to the organ bath and persisted (e.g., electrical stimulation) for up to 1 h. A half-maximal inhibitory effect of EGF URO was observed at a concentration of about 1 nM. Washing the tissue free of EGF URO reversed its inhibitory action. Although in the presence of indomethacin (3 microM) EGF-URO caused a small, variable elevation in resting tension, the presence of indomethacin did not affect the ability of EGF--URO to inhibit contraction mediated by KCl. Under conditions wherein contraction in response to maximally effective concentrations of either NE or KCl was made dependent on the addition of calcium, EGF-URO was able to inhibit the response in the presence of KCl but not in the presence of NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493836 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in childhood. A clinicopathologic and epidemiologic study in Finland. AB - All cases diagnosed in Finland as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's disease or histiocytosis X in children younger than 15 years in 1953 to 1973, according to the Finnish Cancer Registry, were reexamined histologically. Only 55% of the cases originally diagnosed as NHL were regarded as such at reexamination. The others were mainly malignant nonlymphatic tumors such as neuroblastoma and different kinds of sarcomas. Seventy-two NHLs were diagnosed in 50 boys and 22 girls. The corrected age-specific incidence rate was 0.32/10(5). The most common histologic types were Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (30 cases), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) (26), large cell lymphomas (LCL) (six), and non-Burkitt's lymphoma (n-BL) (three). There were marked differences between BL and LBL in the course of the disease: BL was extranodal in 83%, LBL only in 4% (mediastinum was regarded as nodal); BL showed initial abdominal or pelvic involvement in 60% whereas LBL showed none; BL had initial mediastinal involvement in 7%, and LBL had it in 62%; all patients with LBL died whereas 23% of those with BL survived. Other types of NHL resembled BL in their course of disease. Patients with initial tonsillary involvement appeared to have the best prognosis and patients with mediastinal involvement the poorest. The importance of accurate histologic classification is emphasized. It appears to be most important to differentiate LBL from other types of NHL. PMID- 3493835 TI - Aplastic anemia complicating infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 3493837 TI - Ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by B-cell lymphoma as a cause of hypercalcemia. AB - A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis developed hypercalcemia (3.13 mmol/l) and was subsequently found to have a B-cell lymphoma (centroblastic type). The hypercalcemia was associated with high circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (235 pmol/l) and both abnormalities were corrected with treatment. A lymph node was excised before treatment and was incubated in vitro with either labeled or unlabeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. After purification of the extract and chromatography on three different HPLC systems, material comigrating with authentic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was identified. This was shown to bind to a specific chick intestinal cytosol receptor and to dilute in parallel with synthetic 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the receptor binding assay. In conclusion, hypercalcemia in malignant B-cell lymphoma can be due to extrarenal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by lymphomatous tissue. PMID- 3493838 TI - t(1;19)(q23;p13) in pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia cell line 697. PMID- 3493839 TI - Cytogenetic aspects of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: their correlation with clinical stage and different polyclonal mitogens. AB - Blood lymphocytes from 23 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia were stimulated with different mitogens (lipopolysaccharide from E coli, phorbol myristate acetate ester, Staphylococcus aureus, and phytohemagglutinin M form). Functional properties of stimulated cells (blastic transformation, mitotic index, cIg production, Ig secretion, and acid phosphatase positivity) were evaluated and correlated with the stage of disease and chromosomal findings. Early stages of the disease are characterized by a relatively homogeneous response to polyclonal B-cell and activators and by a restricted number of chromosomal aberrations. Advanced stages show a more heterogeneous pattern of response and a higher incidence of abnormal karyotypes suggesting an involvement of various subclonal lines. PMID- 3493840 TI - Growth of normal and neoplastic urothelium and response to epidermal growth factor in a defined serum-free medium. AB - We have developed a defined serum-free medium for the in vitro growth of normal and neoplastic urothelium. Growth of epithelial cells in this medium was stimulated while proliferation of fibroblasts was inhibited. The medium allowed for the isolation of a new line from a high grade human bladder carcinoma. Several strains of normal human urothelium that could be passaged several times in culture were also obtained. Although growth of normal and neoplastic urothelial cells in the defined medium was not stimulated by epidermal growth factor, the presence of 50 ng/ml epidermal growth factor induced morphological changes suggestive of terminal maturation of normal urothelium, implying that epidermal growth factor either acted as an epithelial maturation factor or induced the secretion of such a factor. PMID- 3493841 TI - T-cell recruitment from the thymus to the spleen in tumor bearing mice: phenotypical alteration and recruitment of thymocytes raised in a tumor bearing state. AB - Intrathymic events in mice bearing methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma (MBS 1) were examined using mainly flow cytometric analysis. Ten days after tumor inoculation, the number of whole thymocytes was remarkably decreased. Surface phenotypical analysis by flow cytometry showed that the proportion of thymocytes with a low density of peanut agglutinin (PNAlow thymocytes), which is about 30% in normal mice, was increased to 70%. Histologically, the greater part of the thymus was occupied by the cortex. Moreover, the ratio of proliferating cells was increased in the PNAhigh cells. These findings in in vivo experiments suggested that a tumor bearing state would alter phenotypical characteristics of cortical thymocytes (PNAhigh, Thy 1high, H-2low) to medullary type (PNAlow, Thy 1low, H 2high). To support this hypothesis, in vitro experiments were performed using cultured thymic lymphoma EL4 cells, which possessed an immature thymus cell phenotype. Addition of serum from MBS-1 bearers to the culture medium of EL4 cells differentiated their phenotypical characteristics to the medullary type. Thus, it is assumed that factors in tumor bearers induce a massive migration of thymocytes by altering of phenotypes. PMID- 3493842 TI - Characterization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in human meningioma. AB - We have characterized the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in human meningioma (biopsy) microsomes, cellularly derived microsomes, and intact meningioma cells in culture. Scatchard analysis of competition studies reveals both high and low affinity EGF binding sites in the meningiomas tested [dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.9 nM, maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) = 280 fmol/mg protein; Kd = 5.0 nM, Bmax = 660 fmol/mg protein, respectively]. The binding of 125I-EGF is specific since it is abolished by excess unlabeled EGF but not by excess unlabeled platelet-derived growth factor or insulin. Meningioma cultures preincubated with platelet-derived growth factor (10 ng/ml) at 37 degrees C shifted the 125I-EGF competition curve to the right but did not affect receptor number (100,000 sites/cell) when compared to cultures preincubated at 4 degrees C. Cross-linking studies performed with ethyleneglycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography reveal a major band of specifically bound EGF (Mr approximately 150,000), although the normal (Mr approximately 170,000) and another putative proteolytic form (Mr approximately 125,000) can also be seen. These results indicate that human meningiomas contain a mixed population of EGF binding sites and exhibit properties of previously described EGF receptors. PMID- 3493843 TI - Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells by intrapleural instillations of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer. AB - Intrapleural instillations of recombinant interleukin 2 (RIL-2) were performed in 11 patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer. Kinetic studies on RIL-2 concentration in the pleural effusion and serum revealed relatively long-term maintenance of detectable levels of RIL-2 (over 24 h in the pleural effusion and over 8 h in the serum). Clinically, pleural effusions and cancer cells in the effusions disappeared in 9 of the 11 patients 4 to 10 days after the start of the treatment. Lymphokine-activated killer cells were induced in the effusions of responders who exhibited the disappearance of pleural effusion and cancer cells from the effusion, but not in those of the nonresponders. This induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells may result in the disappearance of cancer cells and pleural effusions. Cytological examination of pleural effusions revealed increases of lymphoblasts, immunoblastic large lymphocytes, and eosinophiles in number and proportion in the responder, although such a phenomenon could not be observed in the nonresponders. Main and frequent side effects of intrapleural instillations of RIL-2 were fever up to 39 degrees C, transient increase of pleural effusion, and eosinophilia. No serious side effect was encountered in our experience. PMID- 3493844 TI - Studies on the recovery from tolerance to tumor antigens. I. Bone marrow cells from tolerant hosts are not rendered tolerant, but provide potential to reconstitute tumor-specific effector T cell clones. AB - The present study investigates the potential of bone marrow cells from mice tolerant to tumor antigens to repopulate tumor-specific effector T cells. C3H/He mice were inoculated i.v. with 10(6) 10,000 R X-irradiated syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma tumor cells three times at 4-day intervals. This regimen abrogated the ability of spleen cells from these mice to develop anti-X5563 cytotoxic and in vivo protective (tumor-neutralizing) T cell-mediated immunity as induced by i.d. inoculation of viable X5563 cells followed by surgical resection of the tumor. Since such suppression was induced in a tumor-specific way, this represented a state of antitumor tolerance. When bone marrow cells from normal or X5563-tolerant mice were transferred i.v. into 950 R X-irradiated syngeneic C3H/He mice, both groups of recipient mice generated anti-X5563 tumor immunity over a similar time course and to almost the same degree. Anti-X5563 tumor immunity induced in (C3H/He X C57BL/6) F1 mice which had been transferred with bone marrow cells from normal or X5563-tolerant C3H/He mice were mediated by T cells expressing the Ly phenotype of C3H/He, but not of C57BL/6, excluding the possibility that the antitumor effector cells were derived from recipient mice. It was also demonstrated that C3H/He mice which had been reconstituted with normal marrow were rendered tolerant when the tolerance regimen was started 7 weeks, but not 1 week after the bone marrow reconstitution. These results indicate that bone marrow cells from antitumor tolerant mice are not rendered tolerant to the tumor but can provide the potential to repopulate antitumor CTL and in vivo protective effector T cells. PMID- 3493846 TI - Enhancement of cytotoxic and proliferative responses of lymphocytes from melanoma patients by incubation with monoclonal antibodies against ganglioside GD3. AB - Previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibodies (M.Ab) to the ganglioside GD3 may induce partial remissions in tumour growth in patients with melanoma. In vitro studies demonstrated that M.Abs to GD3 may also enhance lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and interleukin 2 (IL2). The present study extended these findings by showing that the IL2-dependent proliferative and cytotoxic response of T cell clones derived from a melanoma patient and a patient with the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome were enhanced by pre-incubation of T cells with M.Ab to GD3. The degree of enhancement increased with the duration of pre incubation from 2 to 24 h and applied to both T4+ and T8+ clones. The potentiation of these responses was not specific for M.Abs to GD3 but was also seen with M.Abs to GD2 and the T10 structure on T cells but not with M.Abs to the transferrin receptor or an isotype control M.Ab. Incubation of lymphocytes from a melanoma patient with M.Ab to GD3 during culture with autologous melanoma cells enhanced the proliferative response to the tumour. The expression of IL2 receptors (Tac epitope) on the T cells showed variable enhancement after incubation with M.Ab to GD3 but the significance of these findings in relation to the mechanism of the enhanced responses is not known. These results suggest that certain M.Abs may stimulate cell-mediated immune responses against tumour cells and that this may provide an additional mode of action of M.Abs against tumours in vivo. PMID- 3493847 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia therapy in the elderly]. PMID- 3493845 TI - Studies on the recovery from tolerance to tumor antigens. II. Accelerated recovery of tumor-specific effector T cells in tolerant mice by applying T-T cell interaction mechanism. AB - C3H/He mice were injected i.v. with heavily X-irradiated syngeneic X5563 tumor cells three times at 4-day intervals. This regimen resulted in the abrogation of the potential to generate X5563 tumor-specific T cell-mediated immunity as induced by i.d. inoculation of viable X5563 tumor cells followed by surgical resection of the tumor, representing the tolerance induction. Although such a tumor-specific tolerant state was long-lasting, the recovery of anti-X5563 effector T cell responses was observed when the above ordinary immunization procedure was performed 6 months after the tolerance induction. The present study investigated whether the recovery from the tolerance can be accelerated by applying a helper-effector T-T cell interaction model in which enhanced anti X5563 immunity is obtained by priming mice with BCG and by immunizing X5563 tumor cells modified with BCG cross-reactive MDP hapten (designated as L4-MDP) in the presence of anti-L4-MDP helper T cells preinduced with BCG. The results demonstrated that BCG-primed mice which received the tolerance regimen failed to generate anti-X5563 immunity when the ordinary immunization was performed 2 or 3 months after the tolerance induction. In contrast, the immunization of BCG-primed and X5563-tolerant mice with L4-MDP-coupled X5563 tumor cells at comparable timing to that of the ordinary immunization were capable of generating potent X5563-specific in vivo protective T cell-mediated immunity. As control groups, BCG-primed or unprimed tolerant mice did not develop anti-X5563 immunity when immunized with L4-MDP-uncoupled or L4-MDP-coupled tumor cells, respectively. These results indicate that immunization of BCG-primed, tumor-tolerant mice with L4-MDP-modified tumor cells results in accelerated recovery from the tumor tolerance. PMID- 3493848 TI - Immunohistochemistry and radioimmunassay of EGF in submandibular glands of mice treated with secretagogues. PMID- 3493849 TI - Bone marrow stromal cell lines with lymphopoietic activity express high levels of a pre-B neoplasia-associated molecule. AB - Bone marrow stromal cell lines have been isolated that directly support B lymphopoiesis in vitro. Single B-lineage precursors proliferate and differentiate on certain of these stromal cell lines to establish long-term B-lineage cultures. These lymphopoietic stromal cells produce novel soluble factors that support proliferation of in vitro established pre-B cell populations. Lymphoid populations established on lymphopoietic stromal cell lines lack surface Ig bearing cells, but give rise to surface Ig+ cells when transferred to mixed bone marrow feeder layers. Several stromal lines expressed a B-lineage neoplasia marker detected by the monoclonal antibody MAb6C3. Remarkably, only the 6C3Aghi stromal lines supported long-term proliferation of B-lineage cells. We propose that the 6C3 antigen-bearing molecule may play a role in stromal cell-dependent, pre-B cell proliferation, as well as in neoplastic proliferation of pre-B leukemias. PMID- 3493850 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of alkenylphenylpropionic acids. PMID- 3493851 TI - Synthesis of deacetyl-thymosin beta 10 and examination of its immunological effect on T-cell subpopulations of a uremic patient with tuberculosis. PMID- 3493852 TI - A comparison of propofol and thiopentone as induction agents in outpatient surgery. AB - We studied 90 healthy ASA physical status I or II female patients scheduled for outpatient therapeutic abortions. Sixty patients received induction doses of propofol (2.5 mg X kg-1) and 30 patients received thiopentone (4 mg X kg-1). Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide plus additional doses of the agent used for induction. Comparisons were made regarding the efficacy of induction and maintenance, rapidity of recovery, haemodynamic and respiratory variables and side effects. The number of "excellent" inductions was significantly different (p = 0.02), with 97 per cent of the patients induced with propofol and 80 per cent of the patients induced with thiopentone receiving this rating. A larger number of patients receiving propofol exhibited minor extraneous muscular movement during induction (p = 0.01). Recovery for the propofol group was significantly more rapid than with the thiopentone group (p = 0.001). The respiratory effect of the two drugs was not significantly different. Propofol caused a decrease in pulse rate and a decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean pressure which were significantly greater than with thiopentone. From the observations made we conclude that propofol has the potential to be an excellent induction and maintenance agent for outpatient surgery in combination with nitrous oxide alone. PMID- 3493853 TI - A health priority for developing countries: the prevention of chronic fetal malnutrition. PMID- 3493854 TI - Immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (Sabin). AB - A study was carried out between November 1981 and April 1982 on the immunological effect of administering trivalent live, oral polio vaccine to 200 mature healthy neonates from Henan Province, China. The initial dose of vaccine was given at 3 days of age, and 2 months thereafter antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were detected in 46.7%, 60.7% and 48.6% of the neonates; after the second dose, the levels were 86.9%, 95.3%, and 97.2%, with geometric mean titres of 1:106.2, 1:349.8, and 1:232.5. Almost 100% of neonates exhibited antibodies after the fourth dose of vaccine. Eighty-two percent of the neonates excreted poliovirus for at least a week after the initial dose of vaccine, and this increased to 99% after the second dose. Seroconversion at 4 months of age was similar to that of a group of controls who received their initial dose of vaccine at 2 months of age; however, immunization of neonates induced immunity to poliovirus at the earliest possible age. PMID- 3493857 TI - Incidence of rabies and post-exposure treatment in developing countries. AB - The results are reported of a ranking analysis of epidemiological data of reservoirs of canine rabies in 30 countries. For those countries where combined antibody and vaccine are not routinely administered and the control of canine rabies is inadequate, "standard conditions" of 2000 human post-exposure treatments per million population per annum and 3 cases of human rabies per million population were derived. These parameters can be used to predict the cost effectiveness of various strategies of rabies prevention and control. PMID- 3493856 TI - [The 1983 yellow fever epidemic in Burkina Faso]. PMID- 3493855 TI - Evaluation of a poliomyelitis immunization campaign in Madras city. PMID- 3493858 TI - Field sampling of Anopheles mosquitoes for correlated cytogenetic, electrophoretic and morphological studies. AB - Anopheline mosquitos were preserved in liquid nitrogen for up to 8 months prior to dissection and preparation of ovarian polytene chromosomes. The 23 preparations examined all had excellent chromosomes. A method is described for the preservation of the wings, legs and palps of these mosquitos as museum specimens for taxonomic studies; the remaining tissues from the frozen specimens can then be used for electrophoresis. Blood meal identification can be carried out on the undigested stomach contents. PMID- 3493859 TI - Correlation of survival rates of Anopheles dirus A (Diptera: Culicidae) with different infection densities of Plasmodium cynomolgi. AB - The survival rates are described for 36 paired replicates of Anopheles dirus A mosquitos that had been allowed to engorge themselves on rhesus monkeys that were either infected or non-infected with Plasmodium cynomolgi. The survival rates of infected mosquitos with a mean number of oocysts less than 10 did not differ significantly from those that were non-infected; however, there was a significant difference in the survival rates of non-infected groups and those with a mean number of oocysts in the range 10-40, 41-70, or >/=71.Daily survival rates for non-infected and infected mosquitos did not differ significantly during the first 8 days of extrinsic incubation. In contrast, for the period 9-30 days the survival rates of mosquitos with mean number of oocysts >/=41 were significantly different from those of non-infected mosquitos. The cumulative daily survival rates of mosquitos with mean number of oocysts up to 40, 41-70, or >/=71 decreased with the oocyst count. Mosquitos with a mean number of oocysts >/=71 frequently exhibited excessive numbers of bacteria and deterioration of both their guts and salivary glands. PMID- 3493861 TI - Public education in cancer prevention. AB - Life-style is now recognized as a main determinant of cancer risk. Public education is an important component of cancer control programmes and has been shown to be effective in leading to life-style changes. Four basic types of education programmes are reviewed: for increasing the public's awareness of cancer, for changing specific risk behaviour (such as stopping smoking), for learning self-examination skills (such as breast self-examination), and for promoting early cancer detection in the community.To change human behaviour it is best to approach the risk habit through the same forces that develop and sustain the habit. Simply giving information of an association between specific habits and cancer, even if repeated several times, will lead to increased public awareness and encourage some to make a minimal effort to change their behaviour, but in general the new habit does not persist and continuing and intensifying this approach are ineffective. An alternative strategy utilizes socially active forces to support the prevention practice and remove possible barriers to action. For example, an antismoking programme should create a favourable social image of the non-smoker. Although a culturally and socially relevant mass media campaign can influence knowledge and beliefs and induce people to participate in a screening activity, this needs to be supplemented over a period of time by personal contact methods, such as group discussions, telephone conversations and home visits, in order to promote a regular screening habit. Contrary to popular opinion, mass communication methods can be expensive on a per person cost effectiveness basis because of low participation rates and weakness in sustaining healthy behaviour. PMID- 3493860 TI - ELISA tests for dapsone and pyrimethamine and their application in a malaria chemoprophylaxis programme. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent asays (ELISAs) are described for determining levels of dapsone and pyrimethamine in urine. Both assays have a sensitivity of about 20 mug/l and are reproducible, but each produces some false positives. The problem of false positive reactions was partially obviated by requiring positive results in both assays. In a pilot study involving 50 children aged 3 months to 4 years who were given a single dose of Maloprim (pyrimethamine + dapsone), 75% were positive for dapsone 7 days after administration of the drug, while 25% were still positive 15 days after its administration. The corresponding proportions for pyrimethamine were 73% and 30%, respectively. Comparison of the results obtained in a larger chemoprophylaxis trial with those from the pilot study indicated that the assays described could be used to investigate whether antimalarials had been taken. PMID- 3493862 TI - Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. WHO Working Group. AB - Studies carried out during the last decade have led to a better understanding of the value of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. The present report concentrates on data concerning 0-5-year-old children and examines the indices of weight and height and the biological significance of "wasting" and "stunting". The need for a reference population as well as for a standard or target is recognized and the advantages and disadvantages of local versus international reference populations are discussed. In the analysis of data, preference is given to the use of standard deviation (SD) scores and to the presentation of whole distributions. Cut-offs, for example -2SD, are needed for comparison of prevalences and for screening of populations. Sequential or serial measurements and the increasing use of growth velocities are discussed and their uses and difficulties are outlined. PMID- 3493864 TI - Prospective epidemiological study of common colds and secretory otitis media. AB - To evaluate how often a common cold induces secretory otitis media (SOM) two groups of young children were studied. One comprised 373 children aged 9 months to 7 years who were being minded in institutions. The other group consisted of 210 children not minded in day institutions or private day care. This latter group was subdivided into children minded at home or in private day care attended by not more than 2 children (117 children), and the remainder (93 children). Common colds were defined as nasal discharge, and tympanometry was carried out 6 times at 2-week intervals. Among the 1-year-olds common colds induced SOM in 83% of those minded in institutions and in 56% of those minded at home. At the age of 5 years this applied to 20% of both groups. PMID- 3493863 TI - Epidermal growth factor induces cytogenetic damage in mammalian cells. AB - It has been previously shown that potent tumor promoters, such as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), can induce both chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in mammalian cells. We show here that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is also capable of inducing SCE. EGF and TPA did not enhance the frequency of SCE in an additive fashion, suggesting these agents do not act by completely independent mechanisms. PMID- 3493865 TI - Immune modulation by danazol in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - Danazol, an attenuated androgen, has recently been introduced into the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia. We studied its effects on T helper/inducer (Thi) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (Tsc) lymphocytes in these patients. Prospectively nine patients were studied with their T-cell subsets measured before and during danazol therapy. Increases in the percentage of Thi lymphocytes (P less than 0.05) and Thi/Tsc ratios (P less than 0.001) were observed at 1 and 3 months of treatment. Retrospectively T-cell subset data on 30 patients not treated with danazol and 36 patients on danazol were compared with those of 35 normal controls. The group not on danazol had lower percentages of Pan T (P less than 0.05), Thi (P less than 0.002), and Thi/Tsc ratios (P less than 0.00005), and had higher percentages of Tsc lymphocytes (P less than 0.01), than those of controls. In the group treated with danazol the percentages of Pan T, Thi, and Tsc lymphocytes were similar to those of controls. The percentage of Thi in the treated group was higher (P less than 0.002) than in the untreated group. Thus, danazol appears to be an effective immune modulator, correcting the abnormality of T-cell subsets seen in autoimmune thrombocytopenia by increasing the percentage of Thi lymphocytes. PMID- 3493866 TI - Detection of immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus with the C1q solid phase assay: correlation with nDNA antibodies and hypocomplementemia. AB - Three immune complex assays, the monoclonal rheumatoid factor inhibition (mRF), the C1q solid phase (C1q-SP), and the C1q fluid phase binding (C1q-BA) assays, were compared with native DNA antibody (nDNA Ab) titers and serum hemolytic complement (CH50) levels in serial analyses of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No correlation was evident among the immune complex assays. A positive correlation was observed between the C1q-SP and nDNA Ab assays, and a negative correlation was observed between the C1q-SP and CH50 assays. Evidence is presented that these correlations are related to the presence of complement fixing nDNA Ab. The C1q-SP may be useful in delineating the basis for the unexplained association of nDNA Ab and hypocomplementemia. PMID- 3493867 TI - The effect of adherent cell-derived factors on immunoglobulin and anti-DNA synthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The role of adherent cells in the regulation of anti-DNA and immunoglobulin synthesis was investigated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 7 days, or were washed after 20 hr of incubation and recultured in fresh media. This washing resulted in a marked decrease in total IgG, IgM, and anti-DNA synthesis compared with unwashed cultures. Reculturing the washed cells in their original supernatant reconstituted Ig and anti-DNA synthesis. Hence it appeared that a supernatant factor, or factors, present in the first 20 hr of mononuclear cell cultures, was required for maximal Ig synthesis. Adherent cells were found to be the source of this Ig-stimulating activity. Moreover, adherent cell supernatants had no direct Ig-stimulating effect on B cells. Ig synthesis was stimulated, however, when T cells where present with the B cells at a 3:1 ratio. Autologous SLE mononuclear cell supernatants reconstituted Ig synthesis to a greater degree than did autologous normal supernatants. SLE adherent cell supernatants were fractionated on an HPLC sizing column. The fractions were tested for their ability to stimulate IgG synthesis by SLE mononuclear cells that had been washed after 20 hr of culture. A single peak of IgG-stimulating activity was found at approximately 14,000 Mr. A rabbit antiserum to interleukin-1 (IL-1) neutralized the Ig stimulating activity in adherent cell supernatants. No correlations were found, however, between supernatant IL-1 levels assayed by C3H-HeJ mouse thymocyte proliferation and IgG stimulation in mononuclear cell cultures, suggesting that the effects of IL-1 on cell proliferation may not accurately reflect its effects on Ig synthesis. These observations suggest that in normal individuals and in patients with SLE in vitro polyclonal Ig and anti-DNA synthesis requires the presence of soluble adherent cell factors. The Ig-stimulating effect is facilitated by T cells and appears to be mediated at least in part by IL-1. This culture technique provides a new way of analyzing the role of soluble factors in autoantibody synthesis and suggests that IL-1 may be an important contributor to lupus B-cell hyperactivity. PMID- 3493868 TI - Future trends in biocompatibility aspects of hemodialysis and related therapies. AB - Biocompatibility is redefined as the quality of being mutually tolerant with life. In so far as this represents a quality which is as likely to be achieved as is the alchemist's dream of turning lead into gold, a compromise approach is recommended. It is suggested that all extracorporeal or body invasive procedures stimulate the inflammatory defense mechanism of the body by stimulating the monocyte to produce a family of polypeptides currently known collectively as Interleukin-1 (IL-1). So far two dissimilar gene products have been cloned and there are probably more. The IL-1 group of polypeptides possess hormonal functions which orchestrate nearly every instrument of the body's defense system. Inducers of IL-1 are present in dialysate and include bacterial pyrogen and acetate. In addition bacterial cell wall glycoprotein may be cleaved into muramyl dipeptides by the release of granulocyte lysozyme at the membrane interface. Muramyl dipeptides have been found in CAPD drain fluid and are more potent inducers of IL-1 than endotoxin. Membrane activation of the fifth component of complement with the release of C5a will also induce monocytes to produce IL-1. The consequences of repeated stimulation of the acute phase response are undesirable and may include muscle wasting, osteopenia and bone cysts (Shrinking man syndrome), fibrosis of scapulo-humeral joints and the carpal-tunnel syndrome. These latter lesions are often associated with deposition of amyloid fibrils related to beta 2 microglobulin. Efforts to reduce these complications are urgently required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3493870 TI - [A pedigree with protanopia and bulbar spinal muscular atrophy]. PMID- 3493869 TI - Direct-current electrical stimulation of tendon healing in vitro. AB - The intrinsic capacity of tendons to heal in response to injury has recently been demonstrated by many investigators. Electrical stimulation is often assumed to augment regeneration of various tissues. Using newly developed methods of whole tendon culture, the authors examined the effect of direct-current electricity on healing in vitro. Deep flexor tendons of rabbits were excised, transected, repaired, and grown in an acellular culture medium for seven, 14, 21, or 42 days. Tendons through which a continuous 7-microAmp current was passed at the repair site were compared with nonstimulated controls. The incorporation of (14C)proline and its conversion to (14C)hydroxyproline was measured at seven days. The mean (14C)proline and (14C)hydroxyproline activities were 91% and 255% greater, respectively, in the stimulated group. The activity was also higher in the stimulated group, by 42 days. Histologic sections showed that intrinsic tenoblastic repair may be enhanced with electrical stimulation in vitro. PMID- 3493871 TI - [Positron emission tomography (PET) in the study of senile dementia]. PMID- 3493872 TI - Visualization by dynamic and static osseous scintigraphy of pelvic chondrosarcoma in multiple hereditary exostosis. AB - Malignant degeneration to chondrosarcoma occurred in the left hemipelvis of a patient with multiple hereditary exostosis. Tc-99m HDP bone scintigraphy revealed markedly increased focal uptake in the areas of left superior pubic ramus, obturator foramen, and ischium with displacement of the urinary bladder. Of particular interest was the presence of vascularities seen in the flow and blood pool scintigrams. Following surgical exeresis, the gross appearance and histologic features of the tumor were identified as those of a low grade chondrosarcoma. PMID- 3493873 TI - Value of tomographic thallium-201 imagining in patients with chest pain following coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - To determine whether thallium-201 washout profile analysis can detect regional myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery bypass graft occlusion or progression of disease in nonbypassed coronary arteries, 19 consecutive patients with chest pain following bypass grafting were evaluated with coronary arteriography and thallium-201 scintigraphy. Twenty of the 55 coronary artery regions were perfused by an occluded bypass graft or a significantly stenosed (greater than or equal to 70% diameter narrowing) nonbypassed coronary artery, while 35 coronary regions were perfused by patent bypass grafts or insignificantly diseased coronary arteries. The tomographic thallium-201 washout profile results correlated with the bypass graft and coronary arteriographic findings (k = 0.67, P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of tomographic thallium 201 washout profile abnormalities for arteriographic abnormalities was 75%, while the specificity was 86%. The authors conclude that tomographic thallium-201 washout profile analysis may be very useful in the evaluation of patients with chest pain following coronary artery bypass grafting by detecting regional myocardial ischemia caused by occlusion of specific bypass grafts or progression of disease in nonbypassed coronary arteries. PMID- 3493874 TI - Usefulness of SPECT in the early detection of avascular necrosis of the knees. AB - Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), was performed on a female with an acutely painful knee. She had been on corticosteroids just before the onset of symptoms. Radiographs and planar scintigraphic views of the knees were unremarkable. SPECT images of the knees were instrumental in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the knee. The cases illustrates the usefulness of SPECT in the early detection of avascular necrosis of the knees. PMID- 3493875 TI - Diagnosis of discitis by SPECT technetium-99m MDP scintigram. A case report. AB - A 29-year-old male presented with a two month history of intermittent low back pain following a febrile illness. Two planar bone scans performed with Tc-99m MDP were normal despite roentgenographic and SPECT scintigraphic evidence of discitis. This case demonstrates the increased sensitivity of SPECT in the diagnosis of discitis. PMID- 3493876 TI - Use of SPECT to distinguish recurrent brain tumor from persistent activity at a craniotomy site. AB - A 50-year-old male underwent extensive left frontal lobe resection for a Grade II astrocytoma. Resection margins were free of tumor, and the patient suffered no significant postoperative neurologic deficits. One month later the patient was referred to radiation therapy for further evaluation and possible treatment. Unenhanced and enhanced transmission computed tomograms (CT) were interpreted as suspicious for recurrent tumor. However, using CT, which is essentially an anatomic technique, may not allow one to distinguish between surgical changes and the morbid anatomic findings of recurrent tumor. Because Tc-99m DTPA will cross the blood-brain barrier at sites of active intercranial disease, brain scintigraphy frequently is of value in distinguishing between recurrent tumor with an unstable blood-brain barrier and healed surgical changes with a stabilized blood-brain barrier. Therefore, clinicians requested that a Tc-99m DTPA brain scintigram be performed so as to distinguish between active disease and healed surgical changes. PMID- 3493877 TI - Value of gallium-67 SPECT in a patient with "malignant" otitis externa. PMID- 3493878 TI - Stimulatory effects of epidermal growth factor on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract of the suckling mouse. AB - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), cortisone and thyroxine on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon have been studied in suckling mouse. Daily administration of EGF [4 micrograms/g body weight (bw)/day] during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a significant increase of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in the stomach, the small intestine, and the two halves of the colon. The DNA synthesis in the esophagus remained unaffected by the EGF treatment. The maximal increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was observed in the colon, and represented 112%. Daily administration of cortisone acetate (25 micrograms/g bw/day) or thyroxine (1 microgram/g bw/day) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice had no significant influence of the DNA synthesis of any part of the gastrointestinal tract. These results show that EGF is able to affect the DNA synthesis in the stomach, small intestine and colon of suckling mice. PMID- 3493879 TI - Comparison of intraperoxisomal localization form and properties of amphibian (Rana catesbeiana) uricase with those of other animal uricases. AB - Liver uricase of bull frog (Rana catesbeiana) was present as the soluble form in the peroxisomal matrix and consisted of four identical subunits with a molecular weight of 30,000. These properties were identical with those of fish liver uricase but differed from mammalian liver uricase. Purified uricase from the frog liver was insoluble in hypertonic, hypotonic and detergent solutions at pH 6-9. This insolubility was the same as mammalian liver uricase but differed from fish liver uricase; fish uricase was soluble in these solutions. The frog liver uricase did not cross-react immunologically with both uricases of fish and mammalian liver. An immunological cross-reactivity of liver uricase was observed among amphibia. PMID- 3493880 TI - Alcohol-induced upper GI hemorrhage: case studies and management (continuing education credit). PMID- 3493882 TI - Offset electrodes versus standard electrodes in ambulatory monitoring. PMID- 3493881 TI - Discharge planning for cardiothoracic patients requiring extensive wound care. PMID- 3493883 TI - Observations on the natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. AB - We have studied certain aspects of the natural history of acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus in placebo-treated patients followed prospectively over one year as part of a therapeutic drug trial. Observations on the incidence of ocular complications relating to the efficacy of oral acyclovir in this disease have been previously published. This report provides supplemental observations on the natural history of frequently observed ocular complications of zoster ophthalmicus: corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, anterior uveitis, and post herpetic neuralgia. These ocular complications of zoster typically present within the first two weeks of the diagnosis. This report characterizes the onset of corneal hypesthesia, episcleritis, dendritiform keratopathy, stromal keratitis, and anterior uveitis as well as interrelationships amongst these sequellae of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Post-herpetic neuralgia occurs in 52% of patients and persists beyond a year in 22% of those affected. PMID- 3493884 TI - Chemotherapy of herpesvirus infections. AB - The following paper is intended to review those nucleoside analogs currently licensed for the treatment of herpetic diseases. Potentially efficacious congeners also will be considered. The mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical efficacy, and the problems associated with the use of each nucleoside analog will be described. PMID- 3493885 TI - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial drug Fansimef (pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine + mefloquine) in healthy subjects. AB - Fansimef is a new antimalarial combination containing pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and mefloquine in the weight proportions 1 + 20 + 10. It has been designed to fight plasmodia resistant to the presently used antimalarial drugs and to counter the development of new resistant forms of the parasites. In the present study tablets containing 25 mg pyrimethamine, 500 mg sulfadoxine and 250 mg mefloquine were used. Six Brazilian volunteers received a loading dose of 2 tablets followed by 20 maintenance doses of 1 tablet at a dosage interval of 7 days. The pharmacokinetic evaluation of each of the three components was based on the assumption of an open linear two-compartment model. After the last maintenance dose the following kinetic parameters were determined for pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and mefloquine, respectively: elimination half-life = 123, 179 and 550 h; volume of distribution in the postdistributive phase = 2.5, 0.15 and 18.6 1 X kg-1, and total systemic clearance = 14.0, 0.64 and 24.0 ml X h-1 X kg-1. All these values agree fairly well with those measured in previous single-dose kinetic studies. At steady state, Cmin values of each of the three components generally showed small variations. No unexpected accumulation of any of the three components was observed, indicating that induction or inhibition of metabolic enzymes did not occur during the trial. PMID- 3493886 TI - Selection frequency of resistant variants by various beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical Enterobacter cloacae isolates. AB - The frequency of selection of resistant variants by 10 different broad-spectrum beta-lactam derivatives was evaluated for 10 clinical Enterobacter cloacae isolates. With respect to most penams or cephems, resistant variants could be selected up to 8- or 32-fold the MIC, respectively. However, with cefpirome as the selecting agent resistant variants were obtained only at twice the MIC, whereas resistant variants were barely detectable with temocillin and not detectable in any case with imipenem. The variants exhibited cross-resistance between penams and cephems including aztreonam, but not to temocillin and imipenem regardless of the beta-lactamase amount produced. Enzyme production of the variants ranged from 0.2 U to 19.0 U beta-lactamase/mg protein of the cell free supernatants. Moreover, analysis of the outer membrane protein composition did not reveal marked alterations between wild strains and the corresponding variants. It is evident that 'overproduction of the chromosomal beta-lactamase' cannot explain entirely phenotypic resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactam compounds, but a lack of porin production, i.e., major outer membrane proteins, cannot provide an explanation for the above findings. PMID- 3493887 TI - [Increase in mortality of perforating gastroduodenal ulcer. Observations over 40 years]. AB - Retrospective analysis of 725 patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcer treated at our institution between 1946 and 1985 revealed an increase of hospital mortality from 13.5 percent (1946-1955) to 19.5 percent (1976-1985). Age, site of perforation, interval and the degree of peritonitis were identified as significant prognosticators. Changes of these features are held responsible for increased hospital mortality of patients with perforated gastroduodenal ulcer. PMID- 3493888 TI - [Early pregnancy diagnosis with SP1-reverse passive hemoagglutination assay]. PMID- 3493889 TI - Radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic lipase in acute pancreatitis. AB - We examined the utility of serum pancreatic lipase by radioimmunoassay as a diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis and its correlation with serum total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, and lipase activity. Data were analyzed on 11 patients with documented acute pancreatitis, three groups of patients (N = 104) with nongastrointestinal, gastrointestinal, and renal diseases, and 30 healthy controls. Patients with acute pancreatitis had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher mean serum lipase by radioimmunoassay than all other groups. Using a serum lipase of 112 ng/ml as a cutoff point in all patients, the test was 91% sensitive and 96% specific for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The correlation coefficients of serum lipase by radioimmunoassay with respect to total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, and lipase activity were 0.86, 0.98, and 0.79, respectively. PMID- 3493891 TI - [2 mechanisms of the inhibitory action of acetylcholine and imidazole on the sensitivity of the frog myocardium to adrenaline]. PMID- 3493890 TI - Intracerebroventricular administration of human calcitonin and human calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the dog. AB - This study was designed to assess the central nervous system actions of human calcitonin (hCalc) and human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) on meal stimulated gastric acid secretion in awake beagle dogs. hCalc (0.1-1.0 nmol/kg) and hCGRP (0.01-1.0 nmol/kg) injected into the third cerebral ventricle significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by an 8% peptone meal. hCGRP was ten times more potent than hCalc in inhibiting gastric secretion. Neither hCalc nor hCGRP significantly altered plasma gastrin concentrations compared to control values. Truncal vagotomy did not prevent the gastric inhibitory actions of hCalc and hCGRP. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine completely abolished the gastric inhibitory action of hCalc but had no effect on gastric acid inhibition induced by hCGRP. The results of this study indicate that intracerebroventricular administration of hCalc and hCGRP inhibits meal stimulated gastric acid secretion in awake dogs. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by hCalc and hCGRP in the dog is not mediated by inhibition of gastrin release or by the vagus nerves. Human Calc but not human CGRP appears to inhibit meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the dog by activation of the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system. PMID- 3493892 TI - [Results of treatment of esophageal varix bleeding in 70-to-90-year-old patients. A prospective study]. AB - From 1 October 1981 to 30 June 1986, 265 patients were treated for acute bleeding from esophageal or fundal varices; 61 patients were aged between 70 and 90 years. The emergency situation was treated conservatively (Sengstaken tube; transfusion; intensive laxative measures). In all cases these measures temporarily controlled the bleeding and rapidly stabilized the patient's condition. Treatment of the varices with methods of intravascular high-pressure sclerosing followed ten hours later. There was no significant difference in survival rate between those over and those under 70 years. After 24 months about 50% of patients in both groups were still alive. It is concluded that sclerosing offers to very old patients a genuine chance of survival. Long-time prognosis depends on factors which are not related to the sclerosing method. PMID- 3493894 TI - Effect of increasing regimens of levodopa on chronic MPTP-induced parkinsonism in monkey; mechanographic and electromyographic data. PMID- 3493895 TI - Interactions among prolactin, epidermal growth factor, and proinsulin on the growth and morphology of the pigeon crop-sac mucosal epithelium in vivo. AB - The local pigeon crop-sac assay was used to test the direct effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and several other growth factors and hormones on the growth of mucosal epithelial cells in vivo. Insulin, relaxin, multiplication-stimulating activity, proinsulin, and platelet-derived or fibroblast growth factors had no direct stimulatory activity by themselves. Human insulin-like growth factor I and EGF caused dose-related stimulation, but were less effective than ovine (o) PRL. Insulin, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and multiplication-stimulating activity did not affect the proliferative response to oPRL when injected along with the hormone. Proinsulin augmented the direct mitogenic action of oPRL, but not that of EGF. When EGF was injected locally with PRL no interaction occurred even though both hormones were independently mitogenic. A single sc injection of a high dose of oPRL (0.5 mg) given at a site distant from the crop-sac had no effect on the mucosal epithelial cells, but it caused a significant increase in their response to the direct action of oPRL. However, the systemically acting PRL did not affect the direct local effect of EGF. The gross pattern of mucosal cell proliferation induced by PRL (parallel ridges resembling gastric rugae) differed from that produced by EGF (usually irregular patches), and PRL, but not EGF, promoted the accumulation of lipid droplets in the stimulated mucosal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the crop mucosal cells in the midline of the organ are unresponsive to PRL, but were highly responsive to EGF. These results indicate that although EGF and PRL are both mitogenic to crop mucosal epithelial cells, the former does not mimic the latter. They produce a different growth pattern, and EGF fails to promote differentiation of the resultant daughter cells. Moreover, EGF is a less specific mitogen than is PRL, and the two hormones do not interact in their mitogenic effects. PMID- 3493893 TI - [Significant association of HLA-B8 with systemic lupus erythematosus and with specific serological markers]. AB - Analysis of the HLA antigens of the A, B and C locus of 87 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) revealed a significant elevation for HLA-B8 of 64% as compared to 22% in a healthy control group (n = 1850) (P less than 0.000001). Owing to the known linkage disequilibrium of this genetic marker with the HLA-A1 antigen, the HLA phenotype A1, B8 was found in 55% of the SLE patients (P less than 0.000001). Moreover, a significant association of the HLA-B8 in 82% (P less than 0.025) of Ro antibody-positive SLE patients (n = 22) and in 84% (P less than 0.025) of Ha antibody-positive patients (n = 19) was striking. A more frequent occurrence of this HLA antigen could also be detected in patients with a persistent nDNA antibody elevation and in patients with manifestation of the disease before the 40th year of life as compared to patients who manifested it later. An association of the HLA-B8 antigen with a raised disease activity of SLE can be inferred. PMID- 3493896 TI - Prolactin influence on cytosol and nuclear androgen receptors in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes of the rat prostate. AB - PRL augments testosterone-mediated growth of the prostate in a permissive manner. To elucidate the mechanism of this hormonal interaction, the present study examined the effect of PRL on cytosol and nuclear androgen receptors in the three prostate lobes. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated, given 5-mm Silastic implants of testosterone, and either grafted with two anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule or sham operated. Three weeks later, animals were killed, serum was collected for PRL and testosterone RIA, and the ventral, dorsal, and lateral prostate lobes were processed for either cytosol or nuclear androgen receptor quantitation. Pituitary grafts significantly elevated the serum PRL concentration and increased the weight and the content of protein and DNA of the lateral prostate lobe compared to control values. There was no effect on these parameters in the ventral or dorsal lobes. Androgen receptor levels and apparent distributions were different in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral lobes of control animals. Unoccupied and total cytosolic androgen receptors in the three separate prostate lobes were not significantly affected by the presence of the grafts. However, an elevated PRL concentration was associated with an increase (P less than 0.005) in nuclear androgen receptor content in the lateral lobe exclusively. The binding affinity was not altered by pituitary grafts in any of the lobes. These findings suggest that PRL promotes lateral prostatic growth by increasing nuclear androgen receptor levels in that tissue and, thus, optimizes its response to circulating testosterone. PMID- 3493897 TI - Complications of fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscopy--five years' experience in a central hospital. AB - Complications in relation to fiberoptic gastrointestinal endoscopy were recorded prospectively during the five-year period 1980-1984. Diagnostic esophago gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) had non-fatal complications in ten out of 7,314 procedures (0.14%) and three deaths (0.04%). Therapeutic EGD had non-fatal complications in eight out of 440 procedures (1.8%) and two deaths (0.5%). Diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) had non-fatal complications in 15 out of 1,930 procedures (0.8%) and one death (0.05%). Therapeutic ERCP had non-fatal complications in 14 out of 554 procedures (2.5%) and six deaths (1.1%). Diagnostic colonoscopy had non-fatal complications in five out of 3,538 procedures (0.14%) and therapeutic colonoscopy in 21 out of 1,055 procedures (2.0%). There were no deaths in connection with diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopy. The recommendations based on this series are: Put greater emphasis on a proper evaluation of indications and contraindications. Avoid sedation of patients with respiratory failure. If possible, postpone procedures which may cause bleeding in patients with impaired hemostasis until proper correction has been achieved. PMID- 3493898 TI - Lasers in gastroenterology. PMID- 3493899 TI - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with fistula formation in the duodenum due to a catheter placed in the hepatic artery. PMID- 3493900 TI - Improving the view in emergency endoscopy. PMID- 3493901 TI - Incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia, and endoscopic classification of early cardial carcinoma in Henan Province, the People's Republic of China. AB - Mass surveys of 29,235 people in high-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma have been carried out, and 21,721 cases examined by gastroscopy were collected from 13 hospitals in high- and low-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma in Henan Province. During the mass surveys, it was found that the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (AGC) was 0.19%, and the ratio of esophageal carcinoma (EC) to ACG was 3.28:1. The prevalence rate of AGC was 5.12% in the 8 hospitals in the high-risk areas for EC, in contrast to 3.57% (P less than 0.01) in the group in low-risk regions, showing that the incidence rate of AGC was also high in the populations living in the high-risk areas for EC. Most gastric cancers detected in both the high- and low-risk areas for EC have a predominantly proximal location, most being located in the gastric cardia. The endoscopic findings of 79 cases with early adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (EAGC) are described. It is suggested that EAGC could be divided into four types - congestive type, erosive type, plaque-like type and polypoid type. PMID- 3493902 TI - The value of cross-sectional echocardiography in detecting perioperative myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Detection of perioperative myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery may be difficult. To assess the value of cross-sectional echocardiography in detecting perioperative infarction, 45 patients were studied by this technique to assess left ventricular regional wall motion before and eight to ten days after cardiac surgery. Deterioration in septal, antero-lateral, apical, inferior and posterior segments was correlated with Q-wave change in the ECG and with CK-MB taken at pre, 4, 7, 21, 48 and 72 hours post surgery. Echocardiographic regional wall motion was assessed semiquantitatively by a point score system (3 = normal, 2 = hypokinetic, 1 = akinetic, 0 = dyskinetic). Sixteen patients showed deterioration in regional wall motion greater than or equal to 1 point. Eleven of these patients had new hypokinetic abnormalities of 1 point in the previously normal septal segment, but no ECG infarction. Three of the 11 had raised CK-MB and only one fulfilled the CK-MB criteria for perioperative infarction. Four other patients showed new akinetic segments (deterioration of two points). All four had CK-MB criteria for perioperative infarction and three had new ECG Q-wave. Three other patients showed ECG infarction without echo or CK MB changes. Thus the development of a new akinetic segment on cross-sectional echocardiographic analysis of regional wall motion is a good marker of perioperative myocardial infarction. However, the great majority of new septal hypokinetic segments do not result from this operative complication. PMID- 3493903 TI - Adriamycin-methotrexate high dose versus adriamycin-methotrexate moderate dose as adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremities: a randomized study. AB - Adjuvant chemotherapy comprising Adriamycin (ADM) and Methotrexate (MTX) with Citrovorum Factor (CF) was administered on a randomization basis to 2 groups of patients with osteosarcoma after surgical ablation of the primary tumor. One group received high dose MTX (regimen I) and the other moderate dose MTX (regimen II). In both groups a short period of heparin treatment was also administered to prevent neoplastic emboli during surgery. All patients were free of metastasis at the beginning of therapy. The efficacy of therapy was determined by recording the percentage of continuously disease-free patients. This was compared to the disease-free survival in 132 patients previously treated with other ADM or ADM MTX regimens and to a group of 39 patients treated during this period with amputation only. The latter did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy for a variety of reasons and are equated to a concurrent control group. Over the ensuing 27-66 months, 31 of 56 patients (55%) treated with regimen I and 25 of 50 (50%) treated with regimen II were disease-free. The overall disease-free survival in both regimens was 53%. This is similar to the 132 patients treated with previous adjuvant chemotherapy protocols (45-50%). However, the percentage of continuously disease-free patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than the 39 patients (12%) treated contemporaneously with surgery only (P less than 0.0005). Survival in the latter is similar to that of historical control patients. These results do not suggest any change in the natural history of osteosarcoma and reveal benefits which may accrue with adjuvant chemotherapy. These results also demonstrate that in adjuvant treatment of osteosarcoma performed with ADM and MTX the high and the moderate doses of MTX are equally efficacious. PMID- 3493904 TI - Hypotensive effects of ovine and human corticotrophin-releasing factors in man. AB - The haemodynamic effects of i.v. bolus injections of 100 and 200 micrograms ovine CRF and human CRF in man have been compared. Neither ovine CRF 100 micrograms nor human CRF 100 micrograms caused a significant change in blood pressure, although the pulse rate was increased in all the subjects tested. The mean maximum increase in pulse rate after human CRF was almost twice that after ovine CRF (21 vs 12 beats X min-1; p less than 0.05). After 200 micrograms ovine CRF in all subjects the diastolic blood pressure declined gradually from 77 mm Hg to a nadir of 67 mm Hg at 22 min (p less than 0.002). After 200 micrograms human CRF diastolic blood pressure fell from 78 mm Hg to a nadir of 61 mm Hg at 6 min (p less than 0.002); the fall after human CRF was significantly greater than after ovine CRF (p less than 0.05). After 200 micrograms ovine CRF there was a slight increase in pulse rate lasting for 6 min, and after 200 micrograms human CRF there was a marked (reflex) tachycardia for 30 min. Only after the highest dose of human CRF did a slight increase in systolic blood pressure occur. The haemodynamic effects of both doses of human CRF were accompanied by significant increases in plasma noradrenaline concentrations, which were significantly greater after the higher dose. PMID- 3493906 TI - Characterization of virus-specific cytotoxic T cell clones from allogeneic bone marrow chimeras. AB - We established several H-2-restricted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) specific cytotoxic T cell clones from spleens of virus-primed C57BL/6 or C57BL/10 (H-2b) and B10.BR (H-2k) mice and from allogeneic C57BL/10----B10.BR and B10.BR-- -C57BL/10 bone marrow chimeras. Two T cell clones of H-2b origin and restricted to H-2b, 3 of H-2k origin and restricted to H-2k were compared with two clones each derived from the two types of chimeras. Their surface phenotype was found to be Lyt-2+, L3/T4- and KJ16-133+ (2 of 9). Clones from chimeras expressed bone marrow donor H-2 and are restricted to the recipient H-2. H-2k-restricted clones were all specific for Kk whereas all H-2b-restricted clones were specific for Db. These restriction specificities could be further defined by the blocking activity of various monoclonal anti-H-2 antibodies. Interestingly the anti-H-2Db antibodies blocked the restricted virus-specific killing activity of the clones derived B10.BR----C57BL/10 chimeras much more effectively than the activity of the clones derived from conventional H-2b mice. The various clones differed with respect to their fine specificity for LCMV strains. The 3 clones of conventional B10.BR origin only recognized LCMV-WE but not LCMV-Armstrong, Aggressive or Docile; H-2b-restricted conventional clones recognized target cells infected with all LCMV strains except LCMV-UBC-Docile; the T cell clones from the bone marrow chimeras recognized with one exception all LCMV strains tested. PMID- 3493905 TI - Effect of miocamycin on theophylline kinetics in children. AB - The interaction between a new macrolide antibiotic, miocamycin, and theophylline was evaluated in a single cross-over study in 5 asthmatic children. Each patient received a single dose of theophylline (4.3 mg/kg) delivered in 15 min using a constant-rate infusion pump, immediately before and after a 10 day course of miocamycin 17.5 mg/kg b.d. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were calculated for each phase of the study. The elimination rate constant (3.92 vs 3.74 h-1), the mean total body clearance (1.71 vs 1.8 ml X min X kg-1) and the mean apparent volume of distribution (0.57 vs 0.581 X kg-1) did not differ. The result can be explained by the inability of the antibiotic to form inactive cytochrome P-450 metabolite complexes which can interfere with the metabolism of theophylline. Thus, miocamycin can safely be administered to asthmatic children requiring theophylline treatment, when they have an infection due to susceptible pathogens. PMID- 3493907 TI - Normal T splenocytes are able to induce immunoglobulin allotypic suppression in F1 hybrid mice. AB - A chronic suppression of Igh-1b and Igh-3b (IgG2a and IgG2b of b haplotype) allotype expression has been induced by injecting T splenocytes from normal BALB/c or BC8 mice into newborn F1 hybrids of appropriate Igh congenic strains: BALB/c into (BALB/c Igha X CB20 Ighb)F1 and BC8 into (BC8 Igha X C57BL/6 Ighb)F1 or (C57BL/6 X BC8)F1. This suppression does not affect IgM (IgH-6b) or IgA (Igh 2b) expression. When the Ighb haplotype is paternally transmitted, the proportion of T splenocyte recipients showing allotypic suppression increases with time reaching 70% 40 weeks after birth. We also succeeded in inducing this pattern of suppression in 2 out of 13 cases when the Ighb was inherited from the mother. These normal T splenocytes are therefore clearly allotype specific. As Igh-6b production is not affected by the suppression, these T splenocytes are believed to influence B cells more or less committed to Igh-1b or Igh-3b production rather than more precocious Igh-6b (IgM of b haplotype) carrying precursors in the classical IgM-IgG filiation pathway. PMID- 3493908 TI - Sequence analysis of a cDNA clone of a gene encoding a component of a putative phosphorylcholine-specific T suppressor factor and functional property of its gene product. AB - We have isolated a putative phosphorylcholine (PC)-T cell suppressor factor (TsF) cDNA clone, p6-5, from a cDNA library of a T hybridoma which constitutively secretes a PC-TsF in vitro [8]. In the present study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the p6-5 gene and found that the p6-5 sequence is 86% homologous to rat preproelastase 1 gene, one of the serine protease genes. An oligopeptide (14 mer, TsF14) deduced from the p6-5 sequence was synthesized and antisera against TsF14 were prepared in rabbits. Anti-TsF14-conjugated Sepharose 4B specifically absorbed the PC-TsF activity from the culture supernatant of PC TsF-secreting T hybridomas. In contrast, the binding molecule eluted from the anti-TsF14-conjugated Sepharose suppressed the antibody response PC specifically. These results indicated that the p6-5 polypeptide is a component of the PC-TsF molecule. PMID- 3493909 TI - Long-lived B cells: mitogen reactivity as a tool for studying their life-spans. AB - A population of noncycling small lymphocytes has been selectively enriched in mice by treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) over 4 consecutive days. This cell population, present in the spleen of HU-treated mice, contained a high frequency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive cells and this could be used as a functional marker to follow their persistence after transfer to LPS-nonresponder recipient mice. The results reported here show that cells selected after a long-term HU treatment have considerably less decay, after transfer in recipient mice, than normal spleen cells. Furthermore, they demonstrate that HU-selected B cells survive in the recipient mice for periods up to 3 months, and are, consequently, true long-lived lymphocytes. PMID- 3493910 TI - Adenosine diphosphate potentiates the inhibition of norepinephrine-induced relaxation by 5-hydroxytryptamine in canine coronary arteries. AB - Vasoactive substances released from aggregating platelets inhibit beta-adrenergic neurotransmission in coronary arteries. Studies were carried out on the effects of two such vasoactive substances on canine coronary arteries, at concentrations equivalent to that released by platelets under physiological conditions. 5 Hydroxytryptamine (5 X 10(-7) M) reduced the sensitivity of coronary artery ring segments to the beta-adrenergic relaxing effects of norepinephrine. Adenosine diphosphate (3 X 10(-6) M) further reduced the sensitivity to norepinephrine caused by 5-hydroxytryptamine, while the nucleotide alone had no significant effect. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and adenosine diphosphate acted selectively on the norepinephrine-induced relaxation; whereas the relaxatory response of the vessel to nitroprusside, a direct muscle relaxant, was unaffected. 5-Hydroxytryptamine caused contraction of the tissue, but this opposing response did not account for the inhibition of the norepinephrine-induced relaxation observed in the presence of the indoleamine. The decreases in sensitivity to norepinephrine caused by 5 hydroxytryptamine and adenosine diphosphate were prevented by the serotonin receptor antagonist, methiothepin. The potentiation by adenosine diphosphate of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced shift in the relaxation caused by norepinephrine was blocked by the purine receptor antagonist, 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline. Neither adenosine nor alpha,beta-methylene adenosine diphosphate potentiated the action of 5-hydroxytryptamine, suggesting that phosphate hydrolysis of the nucleotide is required for the action of adenosine diphosphate. These results suggest that adenosine diphosphate potentiates the inhibitory effect of 5 hydroxytryptamine on the beta-adrenergic response of coronary arteries exposed to vasoactive substances released from platelets. PMID- 3493911 TI - Comparison of the effects of bepridil and diltiazem upon globally ischemic rat hearts. AB - Effects of the Ca2+ antagonists, bepridil (20 microM) and diltiazem (2.5 microM), upon ischemia/reperfusion injury were assessed in perfused, working rat hearts. These treatments were equally cardiodepressant in non-ischemic hearts. A lower concentration (5 microM) of bepridil was also assessed. Hearts which were reperfused following 33 min of global ischemia recovered 12.8% of preischemic pressure-rate product and had markedly reduced ATP, total adenine nucleotides, ATP/ADP ratio, and mitochondrial function. Treatment with bepridil before and during ischemia did not improve recovery of cardiac function, tissue energy reserves, or mitochondrial function upon reperfusion with control buffer. Control hearts treated with bepridil had normal levels of high energy compounds. Treatment with diltiazem significantly improved contractile function, and metabolic parameters. Ischemia/reperfusion injury was associated with a doubling of tissue Ca2+ content. Pretreatment with diltiazem, but not bepridil, reduced Ca2+ overload. Bepridil did not directly protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury perhaps due to its inability to prevent Ca2+ overload. PMID- 3493912 TI - Opposite effects of a D1 and a D2 agonist on oral movements in rats. AB - Oral movements in rats administered one of three doses of either a D1 agonist (SK&F 38393) or a D2 agonist (LY171555) were observed via closed-circuit television and simultaneously recorded using a computerized video analysis system which measured the distance between two fluorescent dots painted above and below the rat's mouth. The D1 agonist SK&F 38393 induced a dose-dependent increase in tremorous oral movements, tongue protrusions, and, at the highest dose, increased repetitive chewing movements. Conversely, the D2 agonist LY171555 produced an inhibition or oral activity at all dose levels. At the lowest dose tested this appeared to reflect a non-specific decrease in activity, for there was an inhibition of all categories of behavior measured, as well as of all amplitudes of computer-scored movements and slow, sluggish movements were recorded. But higher doses of LY171555 induced hyperactivity and stereotyped, repetitive head movements whereas chewing movements, tremorous oral movements, and tongue protrusions were still decreased. D1 and D2 dopamine receptors appear to have opposite effects on oral movements. PMID- 3493913 TI - Short- and long-term effects of angiotensin II on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa. A coupled stereological and enzymological study. AB - Long-term angiotensin II administration induced a time-dependent increase in the volume of rat zona glomerulosa cells and in the plasma concentration of aldosterone. Cell hypertrophy is coupled with comparable increases in the surface area per cell of mitochondrial cristae and in the activity per cell of 18 hydroxylase. 11 beta-hydroxylase activity was not affected. These findings allow to suggest that the angiotensin-II-enhanced growth of rat zona glomerulosa is associated with the de novo synthesis of 18-hydroxylase. PMID- 3493914 TI - Butyrate-synchronized cloned T cells retain their dependence on interleukin-2 for growth induction. A model system for growth regulation. AB - Treatment of ST2/K9 cells, a cloned mouse T-cell line, with 1 mM sodium butyrate for 24 h leads to complete growth arrest in G1. This block is completely reversible and restimulation of cellular growth is entirely dependent on the presence of interleukin-2 (Il-2) in the culture medium. Additional as yet undefined serum factors are necessary for maintenance of further proliferation. After release from butyrate-induced growth arrest, Il-2 is required only during the induction phase of DNA replication. At the onset of thymidine incorporation, the growth factor can be removed, after which DNA replication occurs and the cells are able to complete only one cycle of duplication. The data presented here show that synchronization with sodium butyrate promotes cellular accumulation in the lymphokine-sensitive phase of the cell cycle. On the basis of the parameters established for restimulation of these cells, the detailed characterization of the molecular events involved in Il-2-mediated growth is possible. PMID- 3493916 TI - Calcitonin gene related peptide stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in rat striated muscle. AB - Rat calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and salmon calcitonin (CT) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner in the rat diaphragm and in the kidney. The ED50 value of rat CGRP was lower and that of salmon CT was higher in the diaphragm than in the kidney. These results suggest that CGRP stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in the striated muscle by reacting with sites distinct from the site in the kidney. PMID- 3493915 TI - Extra-vaginal infection caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 3493917 TI - [Action of cobamamide and leukovorin on skeletal muscle reinnervation in mechanical injury to the motor nerves]. AB - The experiments on rats showed that cobamamide (0.5 mg/kg) and leukovorin (5 mg/kg) administered daily exerted a pronounced activating effect on the process of regeneration of mechanically injured nerve trunks. The combined administration of the drugs fails to potentiate the effect of each drug on the process of the skeletal muscle reinnervation. PMID- 3493918 TI - [Effect of anticonvulsant agents, inducers of microsomal oxidation, on the B-link of immunity and on the natural cytotoxicity of lymphoid organ cells in rats]. AB - Administration of phenobarbital, benzonal and benzobamil in a dose of 1/20 of LD50 to rats was shown to be followed by phase changes in the system of microsomal oxidation of the liver--activation in the first days after administration with the subsequent (in 1-3 months) decrease of the activity. The drugs activate the specific link of immunity directed at detoxication of the administered substances: increase the level of specific antibody-forming cells in the spleen and antibodies in the peripheral blood. Benzonal and bezobamil enhance the killing activity of cells of the thymus, phenobarbital and benzonal suppress the natural cytotoxicity of cells of the spleen and peritoneal exudate. PMID- 3493920 TI - The only inositol tetrakisphosphate detectable in avian erythrocytes is the isomer lacking phosphate at position 3: a NMR study. AB - Avian red blood cells contain a millimolar amount of inositol polyphosphate which plays a role as an allosteric effector of hemoglobin. We confirmed the structure of this substance by NMR techniques as purely myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6 pentakisphosphate. Based on present knowledge this effector is synthesized from inositol trisphosphate by successive phosphorylation. In a search for biosynthetic and degradative intermediates of inositol pentakisphosphate we found only one inositol tetrakisphosphate isomer. Its structure was unambiguously assigned by proton, 13C- and 31P-NMR to myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate. As in mammalian cells the major inositol tetrakisphosphate isomer is myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, there seem to be differences between avian red blood cells and mammalian cells in the routes of inositol polyphosphate formation and/or degradation. PMID- 3493919 TI - Expression of the T4 molecule (AIDS virus receptor) by human brain-derived cells. AB - Three human cell lines of astrocytic origin were evaluated for expression of a human T-lymphocyte surface glycoprotein, T4, which also serves as a cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS virus, HIV). T4 antigen was detected on the cell surface of 2 of these cell lines using monoclonal OKT-4 antibody and flow cytometry. Gene transcripts encoding the T4 molecule were detected by a ribonuclease protection assay in surface T4-positive and -negative cells. Our results suggest that astrocytes may serve as targets for HIV infection in the brain. PMID- 3493921 TI - Complement-mediated adherence of immune complexes to human erythrocytes. Difference in the requirements for C4A and C4B. AB - The classical pathway of complement is required for the adherence of soluble tetanus toxoid (TT)-human anti-TT complexes to erythrocytes. Using human C4 deficient serum we compared the capacity of the two forms of human C4 (C4A and C4B) to mediate this function: C4A was shown to be 1.5-fold more efficient than C4B. In contrast, haemolysis by C4B was 3.7-fold more efficient than by C4A. Such large differences suggest that both forms are complementary, and that C4A is preferentially involved in the processing of immune complexes in humans. PMID- 3493922 TI - Age and aerobic power: the rate of change in men and women. AB - The historic studies by Robinson and Astrand as well as more recent studies present a fairly uniform rate of decline in VO2max with age at 0.40-0.50 ml X kg 1 X min-1 X year-1 in men. In women the rate of decline appears to be less- approximately 0.20-0.35 ml X kg-1 X min-1 X year-1, at least in cross-sectional studies. Further, there is no clear distinction in the rate of change in VO2max when comparing active and inactive populations. Longitudinal studies varying from 2.5 to 21 to 56 years present a confounding picture. The rate of decline in VO2max varies from 0.04 to 1.43 ml X kg-1 X min-1 X year-1. There is some indication that active individuals decline at a slower rate than inactive persons but the results are not uniform. A possible explanation is that changes in VO2max over the entire age range may be curvilinear, with active individuals declining slowly as long as they maintain a regular exercise program, and sedentary individuals declining at a rapid rate during their 20's and 30's followed by a slower rate of decline of their VO2max as they age further. PMID- 3493923 TI - New approaches for the analysis of mast cell maturation, heterogeneity, and function. AB - Mast cells are regarded as potentially critical participants in a wide variety of important biological processes. Yet it has been difficult to ascertain the precise contribution of mast cells to many of these reactions. In part, this reflects recognition that different populations of mast cells may vary in phenotype and therefore may express different functions. Another problem has been the lack of suitable model systems for identifying and quantitating the mast cell's unique roles in biological processes in intact animals. This review will outline the development of promising new approaches for analyzing mouse mast cell differentiation and phenotypic heterogeneity and for studying the roles of mast cells in vivo. PMID- 3493924 TI - [Status of immunologic reactivity in experimental stomach ulcer]. PMID- 3493925 TI - Serum inhibition of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens in psoriasis. PMID- 3493926 TI - Erythema chronicum migrans: evidence for cellular immune reaction in the skin lesion. AB - Skin biopsy specimens from 9 patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) were studied immunohistochemically using a series of monoclonal antibodies. In biopsy specimens taken from the erythematous peripheral portion of ECM the perivascular infiltrates were composed predominantly of LEU-4+ T cells. LEU-3a + helper/inducer T cells were more numerous than LEU-2a + cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Of particular interest was the high number of LEU-6+ Langerhans cells in the epidermis and dermis of specimens taken from the erythematous portion of ECM as well as from the noninflammatory skin outside the erythema. The presence of LEU-6+ Langerhans cells and T cells in the ECM lesions suggests that, apart from humoral factors, a cell-mediated immune response directed against Borrelia burgdorferi antigen is important as well in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3493927 TI - The accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in diagnosis of CIN. AB - During the last decade there has been an increasing interest in the use of the colposcope. A quality-control study for the evaluation and understanding of the limitations of cytology and colposcopy in our clinic is presented. The results in 132 patients are analysed and compared to previous reports from the literature. Cytologic results correlated with the histological diagnosis only in 47% of the patients. Colposcopically directed biopsies were accurate in 88.8% when the entire squamocolumnar junction was visualized. The accuracy of the directed biopsies in patients with unsatisfactory colposcopy was 58.3%. In the presence of a Gardnerella vaginalis cervicitis the colposcopic accuracy decreased to 70.9%. PMID- 3493928 TI - The metabolism and function of inositol phosphates. PMID- 3493929 TI - Neuron-specific alternative RNA processing in neuroendocrine gene expression. PMID- 3493930 TI - Praziquantel: mode of action. PMID- 3493932 TI - Report of an informal meeting about alternative methods for the potency control of the diphtheria and tetanus components in vaccines. AB - On the 10th of December 1985 an informal meeting was organized at the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Hygiene (RIVM) in Bilthoven to discuss the reduction of animals used in the potency control of the diphtheria and tetanus components in vaccines. The objectives of the meeting were to discuss alternative potency tests with some participants of the IABS-symposium on "Use and standardization of combined vaccines" and to make proposals for modifications in the WHO requirements. It has to be mentioned that the meeting was quite informal. The participants (Table I) continued the discussions which took place among a few of them in London 1985. Based on the discussions in London and Bilthoven there was an agreement on the following items. PMID- 3493931 TI - Studies on the minimal number of animals required to achieve assurance of satisfactory potency in diphtheria and tetanus vaccines. AB - The purpose of the potency test for adsorbed diphtheria and tetanus vaccines prescribed in the European Pharmacopoeia is to provide 97.5% assurance that the minimum requirement for potency is exceeded. In order to achieve this the use of at least six groups of sixteen guinea pigs or mice is prescribed. In some formulations, particularly of combined vaccines, the potency exceeds the minimum requirements by a very large margin and the numbers of animals used in the test appear to be unnecessarily large. Data are presented which show that 97.5% assurance of satisfactory potency can be consistently achieved with substantially smaller numbers of animals than are used at present. It is suggested that the prescription of large numbers of animals in routine issue tests for diphtheria and tetanus vaccines is unnecessary and inappropriate except in cases where the potency of the vaccine is in dispute. PMID- 3493933 TI - Pathophysiology of diarrhea in patients with familial amyloid neuropathy. AB - Seven patients with familial amyloid neuropathy (AF amyloidosis) were studied to clarify the pathophysiology of the diarrhea associated with this disorder. Fecal weight and fat determinations, 14C-glycocholate breath tests, and a test of B12 absorption were performed before and after treatment with co-trimoxazole. Gastric emptying was assessed with conventional roentgen contrast medium and radio-opaque markers. Gastric emptying was delayed, fecal weight and fat excretion increased, and the 14C-glycholate breath test abnormal in all but one patient. In most cases co-trimoxazole reduced diarrhea, steatorrhea, and 14C-glycine deconjugation; vitamin B12 absorption returned to normal in one patient after co-trimoxazole treatment. In a jejunal mucosal biopsy specimen, amyloid was absent in the villi, but small deposits were detected along small vessels and nerves in the lamina propria. These findings suggest altered gastrointestinal motility due probably to an autonomic neuropathy which in turn leads to enteral bacterial overgrowth and subsequently to diarrhea and steatorrhea. This diarrhea can be temporarily alleviated by co-trimoxazole treatment. PMID- 3493934 TI - [Microscopic analysis of saphenous veins used for aortocoronary bypass]. AB - The Authors describe a study performed on a sample of 88 saphenous veins used as aorto-coronary bypass grafts. The patients underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Ancona from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1984. The morphological analysis (light and electron microscope) was conducted with a comparative method between two surgical techniques (ST). The first refers (Group I) to 1981-82, the second (Group II) to 1983-84. In Group I the veins were taken with a conventional surgical technique. In Group II the ST was performed using an atraumatic procedure, topic vasodilators, distension of the vein with autologous blood and driving pressure less than 150 mmHg, and storage of the vein in blood at room temperature. The results show that in Group II there is better preservation of the endothelial venous layer. The distending pressure of the venous graft (less than 150 mmHg) and prevention of venous spasm were statistically relevant (p less than 0.05). The AA. conclude that vein graft damage during surgery can be avoided by means of the following procedures: dissection of the vein with atraumatic technique; prevention of venous spasm with topic vasodilators; distension of the vein at pressure less than 150 mmHg. PMID- 3493935 TI - Bleeding duodenal varices: diagnosis and treatment by percutaneous portography and transcatheter embolization. AB - The authors present a case of massive bleeding from duodenal varices documented by selective portography and successfully controlled by percutaneous embolization. PMID- 3493936 TI - Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, portal hypertension, and sinusoidal abnormalities. AB - A patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices. The portal vein and its intrahepatic branches were patent. Except for the presence of myeloid cells, mainly megakaryocytes, in the sinusoids, liver histology was more or less normal. However, on Sirius red staining there was marked perisinusoidal fibrosis. In addition to numerous collagen bundles in the Disse space, electron microscopy also revealed the presence of hemopoietic cells, the transformation of perisinusoidal cells into fibroblasticlike or myofibroblasticlike cells, or both, and fragmentary deposits of basement membrane-like material. In the pathogenesis of sinusoidal hypertension as it occurs in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, all the factors mentioned above should probably be taken into consideration. PMID- 3493937 TI - Peripheral acid inhibitory action of corticotropin releasing factor: mediation by nongastric mechanisms. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) inhibits gastric acid secretion via both central neural and peripheral mechanisms. We examined whether local gastric factors may mediate the peripheral action of CRF. In pylorus-ligated anesthetized rats, CRF infusion (15 nmol/kg X h) produced roughly 60% inhibition of pentagastrin (16 micrograms/kg X h)-stimulated acid secretion. Similarly, in the gastric fistula dog, CRF (1 nmol/kg X h) inhibited pentagastrin-induced acid secretion by 74%. This action of CRF did not result from direct inhibition of gastric parietal cells, as concentrations of the peptide ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-6) M had no effect on the activity of isolated parietal cells in the unstimulated state or after stimulation with pentagastrin (10(-8) M), histamine (10(-5) M), or carbachol (10(-5) M), against a background of isobutylmethylxanthine (10(-4) M). To determine whether local hormones may mediate CRF-induced acid inhibition, we examined the peptide's effect on the release of somatostatin and gastrin from cultured canine gastric D and G cells and from isolated perfused rat stomachs. Corticotropin releasing factor in doses ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-6) M had no influence on release of either gastric peptide under basal conditions or after stimulation of gastrin with carbachol (10(-6) M) and somatostatin with isoproterenol (10(-8) M). These data suggest that the peripheral acid inhibitory action of CFR is mediated by nongastric mechanisms. PMID- 3493938 TI - Experimental comparison of endoscopic yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, electrosurgery, and heater probe for canine gut arterial coagulation. Importance of compression and avoidance of erosion. AB - We compared five endoscopic thermal devices that have been used clinically for control of arterial bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract: neodymium:yttrium aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser, electrofulguration, monopolar and bipolar electrocoagulation, and heater probe. In canine models we determined the ability to coagulate arteries of varying size and depth. The most effective method for coagulation of medium size arteries was first to occlude the vessel by compression, then to apply heat to seal it (coaptive coagulation). For the contact probes (monopolar, bipolar, and heater probes), the depth of tissue coagulation was controlled by varying probe appositional force and energy, and coagulation of deep arteries was possible. Undesirable erosion of tissue and vessels was noted with electrical sparking from the monopolar electrode and with YAG laser at high power density. In contrast, heater probe and bipolar electrocoagulation did not produce tissue erosion at any instrument setting. In this comparative study of arterial coagulation, overall ranking was as follows: heater probe = bipolar electrocoagulation greater than monopolar electrocoagulation greater than neodymium:YAG laser greater than electrofulguration greater than control. In our opinion these data should assist the clinician or investigator who plans to coagulate arterial bleeding lesions such as peptic ulcers, although further clinical research will be needed to verify these experimental results. PMID- 3493939 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood. AB - Thirteen children (8 female) with primary sclerosing cholangitis are described, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of characteristic changes on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Nine had clinical features of chronic inflammatory bowel disease 1 mo to 5 yr before the onset of primary sclerosing cholangitis (6 patients) or appearing simultaneously with primary sclerosing cholangitis (3 patients). In 4 patients clinical evidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease was absent but 1 of the 4 was found to have microscopic colitis in colonoscopic biopsy specimens. Biopsies were not performed in the remaining 3 patients. High immunoglobulin G concentrations and positive antinuclear or smooth muscle antibodies were present in all patients except 1 who had been given immunosuppressants. In 7 patients treated with immunosuppressants and followed up for 9 mo to 10 yr there was modest symptomatic improvement. This improvement was accompanied by a fall in transaminase levels in 6 of the patients and histologic improvement in 3 of 4 patients who had undergone biopsy. Greater use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the last 6 yr led to the identification of 10 of these 13 cases, suggesting a higher incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in childhood than would appear from the literature. PMID- 3493940 TI - Translocation of epidermal growth factor to the hepatocyte nucleus during rat liver regeneration. AB - To determine the fate of exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) in regenerating liver, 125I-labeled EGF was injected into rat portal veins at various times after 70% hepatectomy. Epidermal growth factor was taken up by the liver remnant at all time points studied (0, 4, 8, 16, and 36 h), but at 8 h after hepatectomy a large quantity was retained by the liver and EGF degradation products appearing in the bile decreased markedly. Electron microscopic autoradiography of the regenerating livers 1 h after injection of 125I-EGF demonstrated that 27% of the grains were associated with hepatocyte nuclei compared to 0.5% in shamoperated controls. There was also a concomitant decrease in grains associated with the lysosomal compartment. Nuclei isolated from regenerating livers exposed to 125I-EGF also demonstrated a three-fold increase in radioactivity compared to nuclei from control livers. Nearly 70% of nuclear radioactivity was precipitable with a specific antibody to EGF, and a small fraction appeared to be part of a high molecular weight complex. These data support the hypothesis that during the pre-S phase of liver regeneration, EGF is translocated to the nucleus rather than to lysosomes, and may participate in the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis or alteration of gene expression. PMID- 3493942 TI - Nd:YAG laser treatment of a bleeding Dieulafoy's lesion. PMID- 3493941 TI - Argon laser treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis. PMID- 3493943 TI - Ulcerated ectopic gastric mucosa of the rectum. PMID- 3493944 TI - [Characteristics of the immunological subvariants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3493945 TI - [Immunomorphological subvariants of lymphosarcoma in children]. PMID- 3493946 TI - Anti-ulcer activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide in rats. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, 5-10 micrograms/kg s.c.). reduced both incidence and degree of indomethacin- or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) plus HCl induced gastric as well as cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in rats. CGRP had no effect on ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer activity of CGRP is most likely ascribable to its potent antisecretory properties. PMID- 3493947 TI - Epidermal growth factor from deer (Cervus elaphus) submaxillary gland and velvet antler. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity was isolated for the first time from the submaxillary gland (SMG) and the velvet antler of red deer (Cervus elaphus) by a combination of Sephadex gel or DEAE-Sephacel and IMAC columns in succession. The semipurified cervine EGF-like activity (cEGF), with specific activity of 4.7 ng/micrograms protein from the velvet tissues, can generate a completely parallel competitive binding curve against mouse EGF in both radioreceptor assay (RRA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Mitogenic activity of EGF from both tissues was demonstrated by stimulating the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in two different cell lines of fibroblast culture in a dose-dependent manner. The velvet layer may be the site of EGF synthesis outside the SMG. PMID- 3493948 TI - Protein synthesis and steroidogenesis in amphibian (Rana pipiens) ovarian follicles: studies on the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone. AB - Previous experiments demonstrated that protein synthesis was involved in frog pituitary homogenate (FPH)-induced follicular progesterone production. In this study the metabolic conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone, and involvement of protein synthesis in this specific step of the progesterone synthetic pathway, was investigated in vitro cultured ovarian follicles of Rana pipiens. Fully grown follicles were incubated with frog pituitary homogenates or exogenous pregnenolone and progesterone content of follicle extracts and medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. In the absence of FPH, fully grown follicles converted exogenously added pregnenolone into progesterone in a dose-dependent fashion. Follicular progesterone concentrations were consistently higher than medium levels of steroid throughout the culture period. The conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone at different stages of follicle development was also investigated. The amount of follicular progesterone accumulated after culture with exogenous pregnenolone increased proportionally with follicle size. When fully grown follicles were cultured in the presence of cycloheximide, the inhibitor of protein synthesis blocked FPH-induced progesterone production, but conversion of exogenously added pregnenolone to progesterone was not affected. However, progesterone production was inhibited when cyanoketone (CK), an irreversible inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD), was added in combination with FPH or exogenous pregnenolone. FPH addition after CK pretreatment did not restore the capacity of follicles to convert pregnenolone to progesterone. These results suggest that conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone occurs efficiently even in the absence of FPH over the course of follicle and oocyte growth (vitellogenesis). Furthermore, in fully grown follicles the 3 beta-HSD activity is independent of protein synthesis. The dependence on protein synthesis in the acute action of FPH appears to be prior to conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone and does not involve de novo synthesis of 3 beta-HSD. PMID- 3493949 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone, stalk section, and transplantation of the pituitary gland on plasma prolactin levels at metamorphic climax in Rana catesbeiana. AB - Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration increases markedly at late metamorphic climax (stage XXIV of Taylor and Kollros (1946)) in Rana catesbeiana. Two series of experiments were performed in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. First, thyroidectomized tadpoles (stages XVI-XVIII) were kept in tap water with or without thyroxine (T4). Tadpoles in tap water did not develop beyond stage XX and showed no sign of hypersecretion of PRL by the time T4 treated tadpoles reached stage XXIV. In thyroidectomized tadpoles treated with T4, plasma PRL levels showed a conspicuous rise at stage XXIV. Second, the pituitary stalk was transected, or the adenohypophysis was ectopically autografted at early climax (stage XXII). These tadpoles metamorphosed as intact controls did, but their plasma PRL levels remained low. Treatment of operated tadpoles with T4 failed to elevate plasma PRL levels. It is concluded that hypothalamic stimulation is necessary for the elevation of plasma PRL levels at the late climax stage and that the stimulatory system develops in the hypothalamus under the influence of thyroid hormone. PMID- 3493950 TI - Observations on the interaction of prolactin and thyroxine in the tail of the bullfrog tadpole. AB - Explants of tail fin from tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana maintained in tissue culture underwent resorption when exposed to a medium containing 150 nM thyroxine (T4). Increases in the specific activity of hexosaminidase (Hex) and of acid phosphatase (AP) were associated with this response. Ovine prolactin inhibited resorption of explants in a dose-responsive manner; however, prolactin had no influence on the specific activity of either Hex or AP cultured explants. This result contrasted with the effect of prolactin in vivo, where it inhibited both the resorption of the tail and the increase in specific activity of hydrolytic enzymes induced by T4. The actions of both hormones, when applied in vivo, were more pronounced in the tail fin than in the muscular core of the tail at the stage of regression tested, indicating that the failure of prolactin to influence enzyme induction in vitro did not result from an incapacity of the fin to respond to prolactin in this fashion. It is suggested that the inhibition of T4-induced enzymic activity by prolactin which is observed in the intact animal may come about in response to some related but indirect systemic action of prolactin that is lacking when explants are cultured in vitro. It is concluded that inhibition of the induction of hydrolytic enzymes is not an essential factor in the inhibitory effect of prolactin on the resorption of the tail fin. PMID- 3493951 TI - In vitro effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide histidine isoleucine on prolactin secretion by the bullfrog pituitary gland. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) on the in vitro secretion of prolactin (PRL) by the pituitary gland of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) were studied. Pituitary glands were incubated in 67% Eagle's minimum essential medium containing [3H]leucine in the presence or absence of VIP (10(-8)-10(-6) M) or PHI (10(-7)-10(-6) M). Prolactin in the medium and pituitaries was measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay. In addition, PRL synthesis during incubation was monitored by measuring radioactivity of [3H]leucine incorporated into PRL in the medium and pituitaries. Both peptides stimulated release and synthesis of PRL in vitro. PMID- 3493952 TI - [Placental oxytocinase and alkaline phosphatase activities and the SP1 glycoprotein level in pregnancy complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation]. PMID- 3493954 TI - [Hydrodynamics of aortocoronary shunts and coronary arteries]. PMID- 3493953 TI - [Evaluation of the patency of aortocoronary shunts after myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 3493955 TI - [Outcome of the surgical treatment of post-tuberculosis nonspecific bronchopulmonary suppurations in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3493957 TI - [Peloid therapy and its alternatives]. PMID- 3493956 TI - [Antirheumatic drug therapy 1986: further uncertainty and new hope]. PMID- 3493958 TI - [Manipulation in the immune system. 2 prize-winning examples: the use of cyclosporin A and interleukin 2]. PMID- 3493960 TI - Routine clinical positron emission tomography for diagnostic cardiac imaging--a review. AB - Positron emission tomography, advanced through technical developments, has now evolved into a routinely applicable method for clinical investigation. The rubidium-82 generator, without the need for a cyclotron, provides a source of positron radionuclide which enables delineation of cardiac structures. Three characteristics of positron cameras are particularly essential for cardiac imaging: overlapping image planes to provide uniform sampling between detector rings, a high sensitivity to acquire high count rates, and clinically oriented software that is user-friendly. The most useful indications for positron emission tomography include assessment of myocardial perfusion (for which the diagnosis of coronary artery disease can be established with a sensitivity of 95 to 98% and specificity of 99 to 100%), assessment of the physiologic severity of coronary artery stenoses and the influence of interventions such as PTCA or thrombolysis, myocardial infarct imaging, assessment of viability of reversibly injured or ischemic cells, assessment of regional or global left ventricular function and analysis of collateral flow. The radiation burden to the patient is generally lower than that of standard cardiac nuclear tracer such as Tl-201. Thus, cardiac positron emission tomography provides information not previously available for better diagnosis and management of cardiac disease. This technique may obviate the need for other routinely-applied nuclear imaging techniques. Should the services of a cyclotron be available, the method offers, in addition, the possibility to perform complex studies of myocardial metabolism. PMID- 3493959 TI - Computer tomography, positron emission tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance in cardiology. AB - Ultrafast CT scanning, due to short exposure time, high repetition rate and multiple projections, is well-suited for studies of the heart. A typical ultrafast CT study is composed of three different series of images: volume mode, flow mode and motion mode. With the equipment on this service, using volume mode and EKG triggering, a series of eight contiguous 1 cm-thick slices are generated within 240 ms with and without contrast medium. This imaging technique serves for localization of structures. In flow mode, EKG-triggered slices at multiple levels are generated after a bolus injection of contrast dye. Consequently, the passage of the contrast medium can be followed from the right to the left heart and the circulation time can be estimated, the knowledge of which is advantageous for planning of the subsequent motion study. On use of the motion mode, up to 17 slice images per second can be generated at four, six or eight levels during maximal contrast opacification of both ventricles. Possibilities for clinical application of fast CT scanning can be found in diseases of the aorta and pericardium, cardiac tumors and thrombi as well as for use in assessing cardiac chambers and wall thickness, temporal changes in wall thickness, regional wall motion impairment and quantification of cardiac output and shunt flow. Due to the short imaging time, the technique can also be used for exercise studies and to evaluate pharmacological interventions. According to preliminary results, myocardial blood flow can also be reliably quantitated. Coronary bypass grafts can be directly visualized after injection of contrast dye and, through use of the peak arrival time at various levels, information with regard to blood flow velocity as well as estimations of cross-sectional area in the grafts can be obtained. The sensitivity and specificity of assessment of patency of coronary bypass grafts is currently at approximately 95%. PMID- 3493961 TI - Positron emission tomography in human myocardial ischemia. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) enables investigations of regional metabolic processes in myocardium on a noninvasive basis. This report deals with clinical studies employing C-11 palmitate and FDG (F-18-2 deoxyglucose). Experimental and clinical results have shown C-11 palmitate to be a well-suited marker for studies of myocardial fatty acid metabolism. Uptake and clearance of C-11 palmitate are proportional to cardiac work and oxygen consumption. In ten patients with coronary artery disease, at rest, there was no difference of C-11 palmitate uptake and clearance between "normal" and "ischemic" myocardium. In contrast, during atrial pacing, in normal myocardium there was a higher increase in C-11 palmitate uptake and more rapid clearance than in ischemic myocardial zones. In the presence of very compromised flow, however, due to diminished appearance of the marker, the activity curves cannot be reliably assessed. FDG is a useful marker for studies of glucose uptake and metabolic activity. In 13 of 15 patients studied two days to 13 weeks after myocardial infarction, in the hypoperfused myocardial zone there was increased FDG uptake. In studies in acute myocardial infarction (40 to 72 hours), zones devoid of FDG uptake subsequently were found to be irreversibly damaged while those with intact FDG uptake at the time of initial investigation were subsequently found to have reversible damage. In 17 patients with coronary artery disease and wall motion impairment, bypass surgery led to improved wall motion in 85% of zones with intact FDG uptake but only in 5% of zones with diminished FDG uptake. On comparison with thallium-201 scintigraphy during exercise, PET demonstrated viable myocardium in 58% or zones with fixed thallium defects while in only 42% was there agreement between the two methods with respect to necrosis. As compared with other diagnostic measures such as EKG, analysis of regional wall motion abnormalities and measurement of regional blood flow, the diagnostic accuracy of PET was clearly superior. New PET equipment in which substantial technological developments have been recently incorporated and new positron-emitting tracers (such as antimyosin antibodies or radioligands) will expand the possibilities for the study of regional myocardial tissue function in humans. PMID- 3493962 TI - [Planar scintigraphy versus PET in measuring fatty acid metabolism of the heart]. AB - In addition to radionuclide ventriculography and thallium scintigraphy, already well established in nuclear medicine, assessment of myocardial metabolism is also of interest for diagnosis and follow-up observations in heart disease. Under aerobic conditions and in the fasting state, the heart muscle primarily oxidizes fatty acids; during ischemia, in contrast, there is slowing of fatty acid turnover and increased anaerobic glycolysis. With 11C-palmitic acid, in humans, reduced fatty acid uptake has been documented in infarcted myocardial regions. The analysis of 11C-palmitic acid in dogs showed a three-phased elimination curve in normal myocardium. In ischemic myocardium, there was diminished utilization of free fatty acids and the glucose utilization was concomitantly increased. After insulin-glucose infusion, as well, there was increased glucose utilization and a reduction in fatty acid utilization. Studies with 11C-palmitic acid require the equipment for positron emission tomography (PET); because of the short half-life of 20.3 minutes, the nuclide must be generated by a cyclotron in the immediate vicinity. In the search for well-suited isotopes for use in planar scintigraphy employing a gamma camera, the uptake and elimination of a variety of isotopically marked fatty acids were measured and compared with the characteristics of 14C palmitic acid. For 17-123I-heptadecanic acid (IHA) the elimination curve was similar to that of 14C-palmitate: disadvantage, however, was the relatively high percentage of water soluble marked catabolites which required dual parameter analysis by means of 99-m-technetium pertechnetate or 123I sodium iodide to quantify the amount of myocardial fatty acid utilization through subtraction of the externally measured water soluble catabolite from the externally measured total activity. In studies with the gamma camera in fasting patients in whom 2 to 3 mCi IHA was injected intravenously after symptom limited bicycle ergometry, in healthy subjects the elimination halftime for the first rapid phase was 24.4 +/- 4.7 minutes. Patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease, in the afflicted myocardial segments, had diminished fatty acid uptake and prolonged elimination halftime as compared with normally perfused segments. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy there was an inhomogeneous distribution of activity in the myocardium and, in contrast to coronary artery disease, a discordance between local fatty acid uptake and turnover rate. After chronic and acute alcohol consumption there were comparable findings which were shown to be reversible after several weeks of abstinence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3493963 TI - [A study of proliferative responses to host Ia antigens in fully allogeneic bone marrow chimeras in mice--sequential analysis of the reactivity and characterization of the cells involved in the response]. AB - Irradiation bone marrow chimeras were established by reconstitution of lethally irradiated AKR mice with C57BL/10 marrow cells which had pretreated with anti-Thy 1 serum. Mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were carried out serially to analyze developing reactivities of lymphocytes from such chimeras, [B10----AKR], against donor, host or third party antigens. Spleen cells of [B10----AKR] chimeras 8 weeks after reconstitution regularly showed proliferative responses when stimulated with spleen cells of the strain of the irradiated recipient (AKR). However, the responsiveness was consistently lower than that generated against third party antigens. The stimulator cells were Ia positive in both anti recipient and anti-third party responses, and the responding splenocytes were of donor origin and showed Thy-1+, Ly-1+2-, and L3T4+ phenotypes, although a minor population of Ly-2+ and L3T4- T cells might be involved in anti-third party response. Further, we found that substantial proliferative responses to Ia antigens of the recipient strain and also to third party antigens are generated by the thymocytes obtained from the irradiation chimeras at an early stage following bone marrow reconstitution. Majority of the responding thymocytes had surface traits of PNA-, donor type Thy-1+, and L3T4+ in both anti-recipient and anti-third party MLRs. However, as for the Ly-2 antigen, Ly-2+ thymocytes seemed to be, at least partially, involved in anti-host responses. This capacity of thymus cells to mount a response to antigens of the recipient strain declined shortly thereafter. The spleen cells at the same time developed a more durable capability to exhibit anti-host reactivities. Awareness of the sequence of development of these cellular reactivities and capacities to respond to host and third party alloantigens may be crucial to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in generating a T cell repertoire one component of which is restricted to Ia antigens of the recipient strain. PMID- 3493964 TI - [Detection of hybrid DQ molecules by the use of T cell clone and 2D-gel analyses]. AB - The HLA-D region incorporates three subregions, DR, DQ and DP, encoding for three sets of Ia molecules. Whereas DR antigens consist of a constant alpha chain and an extremely polymorphic beta chain, both of alpha and beta chain of DQ antigens show moderate polymorphism. This indicated us the existence of hybrid HLA-DQ molecules in HLA-D heterozygous cells, resulting from the association of an alpha chain and a beta chain encoded by genes located on the two separate haplotypes. In this report, hybrid DQ antigens were demonstrated by using cytotoxic T cell clone. A cytotoxic T cell clone, which was generated by mixed lymphocyte reaction against a lymphoblastoid B cell line, EBV-Fuk (HLA-DR1/4, DQw1/Wa), recognized only heterogenous lymphoblastoid B cell lines (HLA-DR1/4, DQw1/Wa). Cytotoxic T cell clone, however, didn't react with B cell lines which are homozygous for HLA DR1, DQw1 or DR4/DQWa. This suggests the T cell clone recognized the hybrid DQ molecules expressed only on heterozygous cell lines. Further confirmation was obtained by inhibition test using monoclonal antibody and biochemically by 2-D gel analyses. Biological significance of hybrid DQ antigens were discussed. PMID- 3493965 TI - Acute starvation affects rat adrenal steroidogenesis. AB - To determine how starvation affects adrenal steroidogenesis we measured the activities of 3 adrenal enzymes involved in corticosterone biosynthesis in a group of adult female rats. The animals were either starved for 7 days or fed ad libitum for the same period. Relative adrenal weight and plasma corticosterone levels were increased in the experimental group of animals compared to the control group (40 +/- 2 vs 27 +/- 1 mg/100 g body weight, P less than 0.001, and 45 +/- 4 vs 30 +/- 5 ng/dl, P less than 0.05 respectively). There were no differences in plasma ACTH levels between the groups (34 +/- 5 vs 26 +/- 4 pg/ml). 11-Hydroxylase activity was increased in the starved group of animals (18 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 2 nmol/mg protein/min, P less than 0.01). 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 21-hydroxylase activities were not different between the groups (19 +/- 2 vs 16 +/- 1 nmol/mg protein/min, and 100 +/- 10 vs 110 +/- 10 pmol/mg protein/min respectively). These results suggest that acute starvation in rats produces an increase in adrenal 11-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 3493966 TI - Epidermal growth factor in human seminal plasma. AB - In the present study, we have partially purified a characterized epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like substance(s) from human seminal plasma, and determined the concentrations of immunoreactive (IR)-hEGF in seminal plasma from normal and infertile males. Competitive binding curves of seminal plasma extracts were parallel to those of standard hEGF in both radioimmunoassay and receptor assay. Seminal IR-hEGF was similar to standard hEGF by gel exclusion chromatography, isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The concentrations of IR-hEGF in normal seminal plasma (48 +/- 9 ng/ml) did not differ from those of infertile males (41 +/- 3 ng/ml); the concentrations of seminal plasma IR-hEGF did not correlate with density, motility or morphology of sperm. These data clearly demonstrate the presence of hEGF in human seminal plasma indistinguishable from hEGF of urinary origin, and suggest that it may not play an important role in the sperm function. The tissue(s) of its origin and its physiological function in the male reproductive organs remain undetermined. PMID- 3493968 TI - The epidemiology of cataract in Nepal. PMID- 3493967 TI - Follicular mantle zone cell subpopulations detected by monoclonal antibody SN3. AB - A monoclonal antibody, SN3, has been prepared against a cell membrane fraction of the pre-B leukemic cell line NALM-1. By radioimmunoassay, SN3 reacted with four of four non-T/non-B, two of two pre-B and one of three leukemic B cell lines. The reagent was unreactive, however, with established leukemic T and myelomonocytic cell lines or normal B cell lines. On immunohistochemical assays on frozen sections of nine reactive lymph nodes and three spleens, SN3 showed a preferential binding to 50-95 per cent mantle zone (MZ) cells and 5-20 per cent interfollicular or red pulp B-lymphocytes. This was uninhibited by pre-incubation with heterologous anti-HLA-DR or anti-delta reagents. SN3 was unreactive with normal germinal centre (GC), epidermal or Langerhans cells but did react with less than 1 per cent thymic B-lymphocytes. In eight follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas tested SN3 exhibited three patterns of reactivity: peripheral follicular, combined peripheral and central follicular, and combined follicular and interfollicular. Three follicular lymphomas were essentially SN3-. In three diffuse small lymphocytic lymphomas, SN3 showed patchy areas of reactivity unassociated with proliferation centres. In four diffuse B-cell lymphomas (one mixed small and large cell, two large non-cleaved cell, and one small non-cleaved (Burkitt) cell), SN3 reactivity was uniformly distributed in the majority (60-90 per cent) of the cells. SN3 was unreactive with one diffuse B-large cell lymphoma, three nodal T-cell lymphomas and three cases of mycosis fungoides. The findings indicate that SN3 detects an antigen that is present in subpopulations of normal MZ cells, the antigen is also detected in GC cells undergoing lymphomatous transformation but is not readily detected in normal GC cells, and the antigen is also expressed in subpopulations of diffuse B- but not T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3493969 TI - Endothelial viral inclusions in Fuchs' corneal dystrophy. AB - A case of Fuchs' corneal dystrophy is presented. The patient, a 70-year-old white woman, had bilateral decreasing vision, especially while reading and driving at night. Clinical features were characteristic of Fuchs' corneal dystrophy. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated findings in Descemet's membrane typical of those previously reported with numerous tactoids of fibrous long-spacing collagen in the posterior collagenous layer and in the guttata. In the endothelial cells were encapsulated ellipsoid viral particles, 400 nm long and 225 nm in diameter. They contained an outer and inner membrane with an electron-dense intervening region and a central dense core. Nucleocapsids were present in the endothelial cells and stromal keratocytes. The authors suggest that the pathogenesis of Fuchs' corneal dystrophy may be endothelial damage, and that in this case, the etiology is a viral infection. PMID- 3493970 TI - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) in a saphenous vein arterial graft. AB - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is an uncommon variety of occlusive peripheral vascular disease, occurring predominantly in young male tobacco smokers. The vascular lesion in the acute stage of thromboangiitis obliterans is distinctive and affects both the arteries and veins. Described here is an unusual case of thromboangiitis obliterans occurring in a saphenous vein used for coronary artery bypass graft in a middle-aged man who, against advice, had continued to smoke after the myocardial revascularization surgery. To the author's knowledge, thromboangiitis obliterans in arterial vein graft has not been reported previously. PMID- 3493971 TI - Three-way differentiation of sister chromatids in endoreduplicated (M3) chromosomes of Bloom syndrome B-lymphoid cell line. AB - The three-way differentiation of sister chromatids (3-way SCD) in M3 endoreduplicated chromosomes in a Bloom syndrome (BS) B-lymphoid cell line, suggested that in addition to exchanges between sister chromatids (intra exchanges), non-sister chromatid exchanges (inter-exchanges) also occur, especially in BS high SCE cells. In BS diploid chromosomes such inter-exchanges probably get confused with intra-exchanges when total SCEs are accounted for. Bloom syndrome high SCE cells probably do not follow the same bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake pattern over three cell cycles as normal cells. The 3-way SCD in M3 endoreduplicated chromosomes can be explained on the basis of Schvartzman's second model (1979) as well as Miller's model (1976), depending on the pattern of uptake of BrdU over three cell cycles. An interference in the previous events of exchanges in the following cell cycle (i.e., cancellation of SCEs) in BS chromosomes was observed in some regions, though not in high numbers. PMID- 3493972 TI - [Determination of surface markers of free cells of the normal human skin using an original method of immuno-electro-microscopy on tissue (immune-gold)]. PMID- 3493973 TI - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines secreting antibodies with restricted HLA specificity. AB - Peripheral B lymphocytes obtained from three healthy individuals who had been immunized against peripheral blood lymphocytes from appropriate HLA-incompatible donors were transformed by the use of Epstein-Barr virus. The transformed blastoid B cells were repeatedly subcultured by means of "cluster picking," and the HLA antibody-producing cultures were identified by testing the culture supernatants by means of the cytotoxicity assay, using the corresponding donor cells. Thus far, four cell lines that secrete cytotoxic HLA antibodies (MP1, 3, 4, and 5) have been established. Specific immunoabsorption experiments revealed that the antibody activity is carried by lambda-type IgM for MP1, by kappa-type IgM for MP3 and MP5, and by both for MP4. Specificity analysis of a panel of HLA pretyped cells indicated that MP1 detects DQw2, whereas MP5 recognizes B7. The specificity of MP3 was similar to a DQ specificity termed DC5 (probably equivalent to TA10) but not the same. In the case of MP4, both of the lambda-type and kappa-type antibodies appeared to be directed toward new HLA class II determinants. PMID- 3493974 TI - Fine specificity and T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangements of five H-2Db specific cytotoxic T-cell clones. AB - A panel of cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones that recognize H-2b target cells has been established. Six different clones were distinguished according to the following criteria. First, the fine specificity of the clones was determined by testing proliferation and cytotoxicity on target cells of recombinant mice. Clone 221 recognized H-2Kb, and five other clones recognized H-2Db. Clone 433 distinguished itself from the other five Db-specific clones by cross-reacting with an antigen on H-2k cells. Second, the presence of an idiotypic determinant as defined by the 3F9 clone-specific monoclonal antibodies was investigated in cytotoxicity inhibition experiments. One of the Db-specific clones, 653, was inhibited by these antibodies and was therefore clearly different from the other Db-specific clones. The third criterion involved the rearrangement pattern of the DNA coding for the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. Southern blot analysis showed that each clone had a unique pattern. Interestingly, clone 653, which expresses the same idiotypic determinant as clone 3F9, had deleted the C beta 1 gene cluster, whereas this gene is functionally expressed in clone 3F9. PMID- 3493975 TI - Salmonella typhi 205aTy, a strain with two attenuating auxotrophic characters, for use in laboratory teaching. AB - The need for p-aminobenzoic acid of a previously reported pab mutant in a Salmonella typhi strain causes loss of virulence (mouse median lethal dose by the intraperitoneal route with mucin, ca. 10(7) CFU, versus less than 200 CFU for related pab+ strains). This strain, however, gave p-aminobenzoic acid-independent revertants at a low frequency (ca. 4 X 10(-10) per bacterium per generation). It was therefore given, by transduction and mutation, a transposon-generated, nonreverting (rate, less than 3 X 10(-11) per bacterium per generation) mutation at purA, causing a requirement for adenine; such a mutation in a wild-type strain caused about the same loss of virulence as the pab mutation. The pab purA strain, 205aTy, has mouse median lethal dose of ca. 5 X 10(7) and is expected to be unable to cause typhoid fever. Since strain 205aTy behaves like a typical Vi positive S. typhi strain in nearly all common tests, we propose that it is a safe strain for use in laboratory teaching, proficiency testing, and the like. PMID- 3493978 TI - Municipal employees' cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress factors in Finland. AB - The occupational stress factors related to specific cardiovascular diseases were studied by a questionnaire mailed to 6213 municipal employees aged 45 to 58 years, (response rate 85%) and by a specific job analysis of certain municipal occupations. The highest prevalences of self-reported chronic hypertension were found among male transport workers (19%), technical supervisors (19%) and auxiliary workers (15%), as well as among female domestic helpers (18%) and auxiliary workers (18%). Among men the prevalence of coronary heart disease varied from 9% for dump workers to 0% for dentists (mean 5%) and among women from 4% for kitchen supervisors to 0% for physicians (mean 3%). In the work profile groups with the highest rates of reported, specific cardiovascular diseases, the stress factors of women's work (domestic help and auxiliary work) were high energy demands, heavy dynamic and static work with high application of strength, poor postures, and uncomfortable climatic conditions. These stress factors were also typical among men doing auxiliary work. Other common stress factors among men included sensory-motor work done alone in static, monotonous sitting postures, exposured to vibration, drafts, and continuous alertness of the senses (transport work) and to processing and organization of information together with time pressure linked to decision-making and the need for accurate sensory perception (technical supervision work). PMID- 3493976 TI - Stimulation of murine lymphocyte blastogenesis by mitogens in heat-killed Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. AB - In vitro blastogenesis by normal murine splenocytes from several mouse strains has been detected after exposure to heat-killed Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. Maximal lymphocyte stimulation induced by 10(4) heat-killed cells resulted in 20- to 45-fold increases in [3H]thymidine uptake by splenocytes when compared with responses by normal unstimulated lymphocytes. The kinetics for this response to heat-killed H. capsulatum cells has shown peak mitogenesis 3 days after culture. Examination of the mitogenic potential of soluble antigen preparations from H. capsulatum has revealed stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis with yeast cell sonicates and autolysates but not substances from autoclaved yeast cells. The levels of lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by sonicates or autolysates were comparable to mitogen responses stimulated by heat-killed cells. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the mitogenic factor(s) associated with yeast cell sonicates show two peaks of activity, at 178,000 and less than 12,000 Mr, which have a protein or glycoprotein nature. Finally, analysis of lymphocyte blastogenesis in cultures enriched for selected lymphocyte subpopulations has shown that T lymphocytes are preferentially stimulated by yeast cell mitogens. PMID- 3493977 TI - Protective immunity in toxoplasmosis: correlation between antibody response, brain cyst formation, T-cell activation, and survival in normal and B-cell deficient mice bearing the H-2k haplotype. AB - Correlations of Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG production, antigen-specific T-cell activation, and the number of brain cysts were compared in immunocompetent CBA/J (H-2k), C3H/He (H-2k), and B-cell deficient CBA/N (H-2k) mice. Almost all of the C3H/He mice (94%) survived in comparison to CBA/J (71%) and CBA/N (53%) mice following infection with 20 cysts of Me 49, an avirulent strain of T. gondii. The mortality in susceptible mice was reduced by treatment of the animals with sulfadiazine during the acute stage of infection. Decreased mortality in CBA/J and C3H/He mice as well as in B-cell deficient mice was paralleled by formation of fewer brain cysts. The Toxoplasma specific T-cell proliferation was markedly enhanced in all three strains at day 15 postinfection but not at day 45 postinfection when compared to animals not treated with the drug. In contrast, Toxoplasma-specific IgM and IgG levels were lower in CBA/J and CBA/N mice treated with sulfadiazine than in untreated mice of these strains. Although CBA/N mice developed almost no humoral response either with or without drug treatment, they produced fewer brain cysts than normal CBA/J mice. The results indicate a major role of cell-mediated immunity in protection against an acute Toxoplasma infection. PMID- 3493979 TI - Treatment of uremic patients with biofiltration: efficacy, biocompatibility and medium-term results. AB - The present report deals with a medium-term programme using biofiltration on a group of 10 patients, who underwent a regular reduced-time schedule (3 procedures per week, 3 hours duration each) lasting up to 12 months. A polyacrylonitrile AN 69 S membrane was used together with a substitution fluid containing Na and bicarbonate. Hematochemical and nutritional parameters were regularly checked to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Biocompatibility of materials was evaluated by humoral and cellular immunological tests. PMID- 3493980 TI - Characterization of a murine monoclonal-antibody-defined B-lymphocyte carcinoma cross-reacting antigen (BLCa) from nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues. AB - Biopsies were obtained from 12 patients suspected of having nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A portion of the tissue was submitted for histopathology and another for Western blotting using a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb), MA6. Touch smears of the tissues were also prepared immediately prior to extraction and Western blotting for immunoenzymic staining. The results showed that a B lymphocyte carcinoma cross-reacting antigen (BLCa), or an antigen similar to it, was the major antigen in the tumor tissue recognized by MA6. The antigen was detected in tissues from 8 patients, of whom 7 had confirmed NPC and one had eskimoma, but not in tissue from the remaining 4 patients who did not have histologically confirmed malignancy. Immunocytology showed that tumour cells were present in the touch smears from all but one of the tumour patients but not in the other patients, and that the tumour cells comprised the large majority of the MA6-reactive cell population. The other MA6-reactive cell types present included certain weakly reactive epithelial cells and occasional lymphoid cells, presumably B lymphocytes. However, these cell types were similarly distributed between the tissues obtained from patients with or without malignant diseases. It was concluded, therefore, that the tumour cells in these tissues are the principal source of BLCa and, as such, the antigen may constitute an objective and reliable marker of NPC. PMID- 3493981 TI - Influence of the administration schedule on the therapeutic effect of interleukin 2. AB - The local and systemic therapeutic effects of multiple peritumoral injections of recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) were tested against the syngeneic, immunogenic mammary carcinoma MC2 implanted subcutaneously into C3H/He mice. Multiple (12) low-dose injections had a greater local therapeutic effect than the same total amount of IL-2 given in 2 injections. Peri-tumoral injections were equally effective in inhibiting the growth of the injected tumors in normal and in immunized mice. The systemic therapeutic effect was manifested by the inhibition of tumors implanted contra-laterally to the injected tumors, and was only discernible in non-immunized mice. PMID- 3493982 TI - Trisomy 15 as a regular finding in chemically induced murine T-cell leukemogenesis. AB - Trisomy 15 is described as a common finding in all T-cell leukemias induced by a single dose of methylnitrosourea (MNU) in BDF1 mice and in the leukemias induced by 7 doses of benzo(a)pyrene. Additional trisomies were found in about half of the leukemias. The organ distribution suggests that the leukemic cells with trisomy 15 originate in the thymus. Trisomy 15 was detected in the thymus as early as 6 weeks after the application of MNU, i.e. during the latency period. PMID- 3493983 TI - Interleukin-1. A new mediator in dermatology. PMID- 3493984 TI - Immunocytological study of phlyctenular eye disease. AB - Scrapings from phlyctens and conjunctiva of 12 patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis were studied using OKT4-Leu3a, OKT8, B1, BA1, S-100 and HLA DR monoclonal antibodies. T-lymphocytes were present in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings. OKT4-Leu3a positive cells outnumbered the OKT8 positive cells in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings. B1 and BA1 positive cells were absent from the conjunctival scrapings, but were present in the phlyctenular scrapings. S-100 positive cells were present in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings. However, they were very few in the conjunctival scrapings. Most of the cells in both conjunctival and phlyctenular scrapings were HLA-DR positive. These findings support the hypothesis that cell mediated immunity is responsible for the pathogenesis of phlyctenular eye disease. PMID- 3493985 TI - Combined internal drainage of subretinal fluid and choroidal detachment. AB - We describe a surgical technique to perform the intraocular drainage of choroidal hemorrhage with a flute needle. This procedure is performed at the time of the internal subretinal fluid drainage for a traumatic retinal detachment. PMID- 3493986 TI - Specular microscopic findings of lattice corneal dystrophy. AB - A Japanese family with 4 members suffering from lattice dystrophy of the cornea is reported. Their central corneas were affected leaving the peripheral zone clear. Corneal lesions were found in the superficial stroma of younger cases and in the deeper stroma of older cases. The proband was a 75 year-old woman who underwent a penetrating keratoplasty. Her corneal specimens revealed amyloid deposits stained with Congo red in the stroma. In specular microscopy, the probands central cornea had a crateriform appearance which had not been reported in the literatures. A few fine short branching lines and crateriform lesions were shown in the superficial stroma of the proband's daughter and only crisscrossing lines could be seen in her granddaughter's cornea. PMID- 3493988 TI - Repair time for oncogenic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells subjected to protracted X-irradiation. AB - With exponential cultures of C3H/10T1/2 cells, we have investigated the effect of X-ray dose protraction on oncogenic cell transformation in the dose range 0.25-2 Gy. Within a particular experiment a constant exposure time was used. In different experiments exposure time varied between 1 and 5h. Cell transformation was analysed using the linear-quadratic relation, gamma (D) = alpha 1D + alpha 2D2, between transformation frequency per surviving cell and X-ray dose. Based on values of the linear coefficients, we developed an empirical formula for relating slopes of dose induction curves obtained at high or reduced dose rate condition. Our estimate of repair half-time for cell transformation with 95 per cent confidence limits is 2.4 (1.8, 3.0) h. PMID- 3493987 TI - Observation of fallout in Hiroshima caused by the reactor accident at Chernobyl. AB - Fallout from the reactor accident at Chernobyl has been surveyed at Hiroshima. gamma-rays from samples of aerosol, rain water and tap water were measured using low-background gamma-ray spectrometers and concentrations of activities were followed. Almost all of the nuclides detected in Europe were observed in Hiroshima. In addition to dominant volatile fission products of 131I, 132Te-132I and 103Ru, long-lived fission products 137Cs, 106Ru-106Rh, 125Sb and activities produced through the (n, gamma) process in the reactor such as 134Cs, 136Cs and 110mAg were observed in relatively high concentrations. PMID- 3493990 TI - Radiobiology and stathmokinetics of intestinal crypts associated with patches of Peyer. AB - The stathmokinetics and radiobiology of intestinal crypts directly adjoining the lymphoid patches of Peyer, have been compared with those of non-patch-associated crypts. Patch crypts contain an additional one to two rings of cells, the Mitotic Index for the whole crypt is higher than in non-patch crypts, and the apparent cell cycle time is insignificantly lower. Using single and split doses of gamma rays, dose-survival curves were obtained for whole intestinal crypts, from which single-cell survival curves were derived for the clonogenic cells of the crypt. For a single-hit, multitarget, model, the extrapolation numbers of the cell survival curves for patch and non-patch crypts were the same (approximately 35) but the final D0 for cells of the patch crypts was significantly higher (2.1 versus 1.7 Gy). A linear-quadratic fit gave a similar ratio of alpha/beta (approximately 10) for the two curves. For a given level of crypt depletion, the number of clonogenic cells per crypt derived by the use of equal split doses of radiation, was the same for patch and non-patch crypts. This number is a function of the dose regime employed: the higher the level of crypt depletion, the higher the derived number of cells (range 10 to 45, for non-patch crypts). PMID- 3493989 TI - Influence of irradiation or thymidine (TdR) on the pattern of 3H-TdR incorporation at each cell position in the crypts of the small intestine of the mouse. AB - Using autoradiographic methods it was noted that S phase cells at the bottom of the crypts in the small intestine were the most efficient scavengers of exogenous injected thymidine. The efficiency of the incorporation of 3H-TdR (salvage pathway of DNA synthesis) by cells at the crypt base (stem cell zone) was twice as high as for the S phase cells at the top of the crypt (maturing proliferative cells). There were no such position-dependent differences in incorporation of 3H UdR (de novo pathway of DNA synthesis). Radiation (0.75-5.0 Gy 137Cs gamma-rays) inhibited the incorporation of 3H-TdR very rapidly and this was also cell position dependent. The cells at the bottom of the crypt were the most affected. The injection of cold thymidine before 3H-TdR changed the pattern of the incorporation of 3H-TdR along the side of the crypt in a very similar way to radiation, and the grain number was decreased predominantly in the cells at lower positions. The possibility of the existence of a regional gradient of endogenous thymidine (reutilization from intestinal sources), and the influence of irradiation on the gradient of thymidine incorporation resulting from direct and abscopal effects of whole body exposure, are discussed. PMID- 3493991 TI - Effect of ionizing radiation on artificial (planar) lipid membranes. II. The ion carriers valinomycin and nonactin as probes for radiation induced structural changes of the membrane. AB - Planar lipid membranes in the presence of the ion carriers valinomycin or nonactin were irradiated with 14 MeV electrons from a linear accelerator. A large increase of the membrane conductance by up to more than two orders of magnitude was found. The effect is virtually abolished either at high pH, or in the absence of oxygen, or in the presence of the radical scavenger ethanol. A further prerequisite for the effect is the presence of unsaturated fatty acid residues. A kinetic analysis of the carrier transport model based on current-voltage curves and on voltage-jump relaxation experiments was performed as a function of radiation dose. Only the translocation rate constant, kMS, of the charged carrier ion complex was found to be influenced by irradiation. The effect is interpreted as an increase of the polarity (dielectric constant) of the membrane interior induced by the presence of polar products of lipid peroxidation. A combined action of OH- and HO2-radicals seems to be responsible for the phenomena. At large radiation doses (greater than or equal to 10(3) Gy) a reduction of the membrane conductance was observed. This is interpreted as an increased microviscosity, possibly caused by cross-linking of fatty acid residues. Ion carriers represent sensitive probes of radiation induced membrane damage. PMID- 3493992 TI - Hydroxyl radical-induced strand break formation of poly(U) in anoxic solution. Effect of dithiothreitol and tetranitromethane. AB - The role of dithiothreitol (DTT) and tetranitromethane (TNM) on the yields of radiation-induced strand break formation in polyuridylic acid (poly(U] was studied in anoxic aqueous solutions at neutral pH by low-angle laser light scattering. From G (single-strand breaks) as a function of DTT concentration it follows that two different processes lead to OH radical-induced single-strand break (ssb) formation. Only one of the two processes, which accounts for 80 per cent of the ssb formation, is inhibited by DTT, the other one, 20 per cent, is not inhibited. The 'repair' process is attributed to H-donation to the C-6-yl radical of the uracil moiety. The C-6-yl radical is produced by OH addition to the C-5 position of the uracil moiety. It follows that the sugar radicals, in contrast to earlier suggestions, do not seem to be repaired by DTT at the low concentrations used. The strand break formation not inhibited by DTT is induced by radicals other than the uracil-6-yl radical, e.g. the uracil-5-yl or the OH radicals reacting with the sugar moiety. The strong reduction of G(ssb) from 2.3 to 0.2 on addition of TNM is also discussed. PMID- 3493993 TI - The induction by 239Pu of myeloid leukaemia and osteosarcoma in female CBA mice. AB - Plutonium-239 was injected into 12-week-old female CBA/H mice in the range 1.85 18.5 kBq kg-1 either as a single injection or as 16 injections spaced at 3.5 day intervals over eight weeks. There was a highly significant increase in the yield of fully developed osteosarcomas with increased amounts of 239Pu for both modes of injection. Osteosarcomas too small to be diagnosed radiographically were also seen in many bones and small but significant yields of myeloid leukaemia were seen in animals given plutonium. Although more myeloid leukaemia was seen in the mice given plutonium in divided amounts than in those given the plutonium in a single injection it could not be shown that multiple injection significantly affected the yield of either late effect. PMID- 3493994 TI - The production of chromosome aberration in Chinese hamster fibroblasts exposed to 24 keV neutrons. AB - A filtered reactor beam, consisting mainly of 24 keV neutrons, was used to study the induction of chromosome aberrations in the V79/4(AH1) Chinese hamster cell line. The yields of both dicentrics and acentrics were linear with dose and the value of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for dicentrics at low doses was 6.5 +/- 1.4. This value was similar to that found previously for a neutron spectrum with mean energy 2.1 MeV, and suggests that the RBE of neutrons does not increase to very high values in the energy region below 100 keV. This result does not support the suggestions of Davy (1969) and Key (1971) that the neutron RBE rises to very high values in the intermediate energy range. PMID- 3493995 TI - An unusual radiation-induced G2 arrest in the zygote of the BALB/c mouse strain. AB - Female mice of the BALB/c strain were superovulated, mated with males of the same strain, and irradiated with 1 Gy of X-rays at hourly intervals during the first cell cycle of the embryos. Two types of effects were found in the embryos, depending on the time of X-irradiation. When irradiation was delivered between 14 and 21 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) injection, cultured two-cell embryos developed normally up to the morula stage, where a high mortality occurred. On the other hand, when irradiation was given between 17 and 24 h after hCG injection, a high proportion of the eggs was unable to cleave and remained blocked at the one-cell stage. Cytofluorometric analysis of the pronuclear DNA content of uncleaved zygotes showed that DNA synthesis was unaffected by X irradiation, and that they were blocked in G2 phase of the first cell cycle. Similar studies on other strains, as well as reciprocal crosses between BALB/c and F1(female BALB/c X male C57 BLACK) mice showed that the 'one-cell block' is determined by the maternal genotype and results most probably from a direct action of X-rays on a radiosensitive cytoplasmic factor necessary for the first embryonic cell division, and appearing 17 h after hCG injection. A high proportion of blocked zygotes (30-40 per cent) recovered partially, cleaved with a delay of about 20 h, and died soon after, almost none of them being able to reach the blastocyst stage. At the time of maximum radiosensitivity, the LD50 for development up to the blastocyst stage was 0.95 Gy. PMID- 3493996 TI - Issues of control in the general hospital surgical setting. PMID- 3493997 TI - Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in laboratory animals and the chemistry of vaginal exudates. AB - Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis into laboratory was carried out. The protein and glucose levels of infected vaginal exudates were also investigated. Subcutaneous lesions were produced in the mice with influx of neutrophils and macrophages and sloughing of epidermal parts. Rats, seem to be refractory to this infection. Compared with normal persons, the protein and glucose levels were higher and richer in exudates of patients with T. vaginalis infection. PMID- 3493998 TI - Ocular immunity to Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infectious disease of the eye and hypersensitivity lesions of the cornea including phlyctenules and catarrhal infiltrates. Because little is known about ocular immunity to S. aureus, we measured antibody levels to ribitol teichoic acid, the major antigenic determinant of S. aureus, in rabbit serum and tears using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after immunization with S. aureus antigens using the following routes: intradermal injection of cell wall mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant, subconjunctival injection of cell wall mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant, topical application of cell wall to the eye, and topical application of viable S. aureus to the eye. All four immunization groups showed an IgG antibody response to ribitol teichoic acid in serum and tears with the highest titers in serum found after intradermal immunization with cell wall and the highest titers in tears found after topical application of S. aureus. All four immunization routes showed an IgA antibody response to ribitol teichoic acid in tears with the highest titers found after subconjunctival immunization with cell wall. There was no IgA response to ribitol teichoic acid in serum in any group. The results of this study suggest that ocular immune responses to S. aureus may be influenced by exposure to staphylococcal antigens not only in the external eye but also at sites remote from the eye. PMID- 3493999 TI - Morphological components associated with frog cone outer segment disc margins. AB - The two margin morphologies of frog retinal cone outer segment (COS) discs were examined by thin sectioning, freeze-fracture, and deep-etch, rotary shadowing techniques. The disc margin adjacent to the connecting cilium, which morphologically resembles the terminal loop of rod outer segment (ROS) discs, exhibited a distinctive staining density tightly apposed to the membrane surface facing the lumen. This density was crescent-shaped in longitudinal sections, and a continuous band in cross-sections. Associated with the disc margin opposite the cilium, two additional extracellular structures were observed: a globular staining density located at the outer edge of the membrane loop forming the margin, and filaments axially interconnecting adjacent margins. The globular densities and filaments were spaced at regular intervals along the margin. Where these margins were adjacent to calycal processes, the globular densities appeared to span the extracellular gap and interconnect the membranes of the COS discs and the calycal process. Distinctive intramembrane particles were observed along both margins by freeze-fracture. The distribution of the globular and filamentous elements suggests that they may have a role in maintaining the radial dimensions and axial spacing of the associated disc margin by forming an extracellular framework. PMID- 3494001 TI - Modifications of transcutaneous oxygen tension in lower limb peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients treated with spinal cord stimulation. AB - The current noninvasive techniques for investigating the response to epidural spinal cord stimulation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients are far from optimal. Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements in these patients treated with spinal cord stimulation demonstrated a statistically significant increase during the stimulation and 30 min after the pacemaker has been switched off, suggesting the effectiveness of the spinal cord stimulation on cutaneous oxygenation. The transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements would represent in the future a reliable parameter to predict the effect and to modulate the pacemaker setting in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients. PMID- 3494000 TI - A silicone gel phantom suitable for multimodality imaging. AB - A silicone gel phantom material is described. It can be molded into any shape and it can contain internal cavities. The material is selfsealing allowing the cavities to be filled with liquids. A simple geometric phantom consisting of a rectangular solid with a single internal spherical cavity was fabricated and imaged using MRI, CT, and PET. Properties important for imaging are described. PMID- 3494002 TI - Variations in the Leu7+ and LeuM3+ leukocyte subpopulations observed in cluster headache are dependent on HLA-DR antigens. PMID- 3494003 TI - No-carrier-added 3-(2'-[18F]fluoroethyl)spiperone, a new dopamine receptor binding tracer for positron emission tomography. AB - No-carrier-added (NCA)3-(2'-[18F]fluoroethyl)spiperone (5), a new dopamine receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography, was synthesized by two different methods. Alkylation of the amide nitrogen in spiperone by NCA [18F]fluorobromoethane in the presence of a strong base gave 5 (Method A). Experimental methods were also developed for the syntheses of functional 3-N-alkylderivatives of spiperone such as 3-(2'-bromoethyl)- or 3-(2' methylsulfonyloxyethyl)spiperone (4a and 4b, respectively). These derivatives (4) reacted with NCA Ag18F, Cs18F or K18F/Kryptofix 222 in acetonitrile or DMSO to give 5 (Method B). Method B, using K18F/Kryptofix 222 in acetonitrile provided 5 in multimillicure amounts (30-40% isolated radiochemical yield) with a specific activity of 2-10/mumol (EOS) in less than 60 min. This one-step, one-pot synthesis is simple, and the high radiochemical yield of 5, as well as the 110 min half-life of 18F, permit multiple tomographic studies a day with one preparation. Tomographic results in monkey brain with 5 are consistent with the labeling of dopamine-D2 receptor systems. PMID- 3494004 TI - Alloimmunization against the platelet specific Zwa antigen associated with HLA DRw52 and/or DRw6? PMID- 3494005 TI - Correlation of radiotherapeutic parameters and treatment related morbidity in carcinoma of the prostate--analysis of RTOG study 75-06. AB - Treatment related morbidity, recorded in patients entered onto a RTOG phase III study (testing the value of periaortic irradiation in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate), has been correlated with radiotherapeutic parameters to identify and quantify the relationship with treatment volumes, doses, and techniques. Between 1976 and 1983 a total of 526 analyzable cases were entered onto the study. The study design entailed randomization to either pelvic irradiation followed by a prostate boost or pelvic and periaortic irradiation followed by a prostate boost. Periaortic irradiation was not associated with a significantly increased incidence of bowel injuries manifested by diarrhea. No correlation between the total dose to the regional lymphatics (ranging from 4400 to 5100 cGy) and the incidence of bowel and bladder injuries could be established. Doses to the prostate in excess of 7000 cGy have not resulted in a significantly increased incidence of bladder injuries, but have been associated with a significant increase in the incidence of bowel injuries manifested by diarrhea. The techniques of pelvic irradiation did not seem to significantly influence the incidence of bowel or bladder complications. The technique of delivery of the prostatic boost did seem to influence the incidence of bowel injuries. This refers to the lateral boost technique and the perineal boost technique which have been associated with a higher incidence of diarrhea. All of the conclusions based on this analysis are applicable only to treatment volumes and dose ranges used in this study and to conventional fractionation of 180 to 200 cGy per day. PMID- 3494007 TI - Inhibition of beta-lactamases from Yersinia enterocolitica by plant extracts. AB - Strain IP134 of Yersinia enterocolitica, which produces two chromosomal-mediated beta-lactamases, was used to detect the presence of beta-lactamase inhibiting agents in plants. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were obtained from the aerial parts of 179 phanerogamous species, belonging to 39 botanical families. In an assay to detect synergy, eight plants representing a wide taxonomic distribution showed beta-lactamase inhibitory activity. An iodometric assay confirmed the inhibition of beta-lactamases in six of these plants, and revealed beta-lactamase inhibition to be masked by antibacterial activity in two additional plant extracts. Thus, beta-lactamase inhibitory activity was present in 4.5% of the tested species, 1.1% of which had simultaneous antibacterial activity detectable. PMID- 3494006 TI - Clinical trial of cefuroxime axetil in children. AB - Cefuroxime axetil tablets were given to 12 children (aged 19 months to 13.5 years) for a total of 14 episodes of lower respiratory tract infection. Doses ranged from 15 to 32 mg/kg/day. Six infections were regarded as cured and seven improved. In four cases, Haemophilus influenzae was present at the end of treatment. Serum levels of cefuroxime showed great variability. Absorption and penetration of the drug into the lower respiratory mucosa may not be sufficient to kill organisms which are sensitive in vitro. Cefuroxime axetil tablets were acceptable to most children. PMID- 3494008 TI - Susceptibility of Branhamella catarrhalis to sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. AB - Fifty strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were examined for susceptibility to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim and a combination of the two by determinating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs). All strains were susceptible to sulphamethoxazole and resistant to trimethoprim. On the basis of the MIC results it was predicted that greater synergy between sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim would be observed with approximately equal proportions of each component. The lowest FIC values were obtained with a ratio of 1:1 and the greatest synergy was observed at this ratio with 39 strains (78%). Only seven strains were most synergistically inhibited at the ratio of 20:1 (sulphamethoxazole: trimethoprim) although this ratio was still synergic for most strains. Overall the 1:20 ratio was not synergic. PMID- 3494009 TI - Antibiotic interaction of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid against 132 beta lactamase positive Haemophilus isolates: a comparison with some other oral agents. AB - We studied the specific beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of clavulanic acid in association with amoxycillin against 132 beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus isolates. Inhibitory synergy between amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (ratio 2:1) was found in 131/132, partial synergy or antagonism in none; bactericidal synergy was found in 124/131, partial synergy in 4 and antagonism in 1. In comparison, inhibitory synergy between trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole (ratio 1:19) was found in only 39/104 beta-lactamase positive strains, partial synergy in 42 and antagonism in 3 and bactericidal synergy in 18/104, partial synergy in 8 and antagonism in 3. The amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination expressed significantly (P less than 0.001) more frequent synergy, at both inhibitory and bactericidal levels, than the trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination. The synergy of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid resulted in a significant decrease of MIC90 (greater than or equal to 32.0-2.0 mg/l) and MBC90 (greater than or equal to 32.0-4.0 mg/l) of amoxycillin; the synergy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole resulted in a significant decrease of MIC90 (8.0-2.0 mg/l) of trimethoprim but did not change MBC90. The amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination was also more active than cefaclor or erythromycin alone against the 132 beta-lactamase producing strains. PMID- 3494010 TI - Interleukin 2 and diacylglycerol stimulate phosphorylation of 40 S ribosomal S6 protein. Correlation with increased protein synthesis and S6 kinase activation. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and the synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), a direct activator of protein kinase C, induce phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 protein in a murine IL-2-dependent lymphocyte clone. The phosphorylation of S6 protein was correlated with increased protein synthesis in this cell line. Using cell-free assay systems, two unique kinases capable of phosphorylating the S6 protein were identified, namely, a calcium/phospholipid dependent phosphotransferase, protein kinase C, and a second phospholipid independent kinase detected in crude cytosolic fractions. Peptide mapping of the S6 protein demonstrated that the degree of S6 phosphorylation stimulated by IL-2 and OAG was similar to that achieved using the second (calcium/phospholipid independent) kinase but not to the level of phosphorylation achieved with protein kinase C. The kinase responsible for phosphorylating S6 was soluble in stimulated cells and was induced in a time-dependent manner by either IL-2 or diacylglycerol treatment of intact cells. These data support the notion that, although protein kinase C is activated by IL-2 or OAG, subsequent events such as S6 phosphorylation may be the result of the activation of secondary phosphotransferase systems regulated by protein kinase C. PMID- 3494011 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of human recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Two different forms of crystals (potentially) suitable for x-ray structure analysis were obtained for recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant in the pH range of 6.3-7.3 (in the case of hexagonal bipyramidal crystals) and 4.5-5.5 (in the case of plate crystals). The hexagonal bipyramidal crystal belongs to a hexagonal space group P6(2)22 or P6(4)22 with a = b = 105.8 A and c = 122.2 A. The crystal diffracts up to 3.4 A resolution and contains 2 or 3 IL-2 molecules in an asymmetric unit. The plate crystal belongs to an orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2 with a = 47.9 A, b = 79.6 A, and c = 31.9 A. The crystal diffracts up to 2.5 A resolution and contains only 1 IL-2 molecule in an asymmetric unit. These facts reconfirmed crystallographically the high homogeneity of the present preparation of human recombinant IL-2. PMID- 3494012 TI - Molecular cloning of hepatic mRNAs in Rana catesbeiana responsive to thyroid hormone during induced and spontaneous metamorphosis. AB - Amphibian metamorphosis affords a useful experimental system in which to study thyroid hormone regulation of gene expression during postembryonic vertebrate development. In order to isolate gene-specific cDNA probes which correspond to thyroid hormone-responsive mRNAs, we employed differential colony hybridization of a cDNA library constructed from poly(A)+ RNA of thyroxine-treated premetamorphic tadpole liver. From an initial screening of about 6000 transformants, 32 "potentially positive" colonies were obtained. The recombinant cDNA-plasmids from 13 of these colonies plus two "potentially negative" colonies were purified for further study. Southern blot analysis of the plasmid DNA was employed to determine whether different cDNAs encoded for the same mRNA. The effect of thyroid hormone on the relative levels of specific mRNA species was examined by Northern analysis of liver RNA from premetamorphic tadpoles, thyroxine-treated tadpoles, and adult bullfrogs. Three independent cDNA clones were obtained which encoded thyroid hormone-enhanced mRNAs. We also obtained two independent cDNA clones encoding thyroid hormone-inhibited mRNAs and three independent clones encoding thyroid hormone-unresponsive mRNAs. The levels of two thyroid hormone-enhanced mRNAs and one thyroid hormone-inhibited mRNA were essentially the same in the thyroid hormone-treated tadpole liver and adult liver, suggesting that thyroid hormone induces stable changes in liver gene expression during spontaneous metamorphosis. Using selected cDNAs, RNA dot blot analysis of liver mRNA from tadpoles at different stages of metamorphosis showed that the level of one thyroid hormone-enhanced mRNA increased during late prometamorphosis and metamorphic climax. Similarly, a mRNA which was strongly inhibited by thyroid hormone treatment was observed to decline during prometamorphosis and reach undetectable levels during metamorphic climax. One mRNA was detected which was reproducibly inhibited by thyroid hormone treatment but which remained essentially unchanged during spontaneous metamorphosis. These results provide the first direct evidence for the coordinate and selective pretranslational regulation by thyroid hormone of several liver genes during the developmental process of metamorphosis. PMID- 3494013 TI - Purification and characterization of the gene 1.2 protein of bacteriophage T7. AB - Gene 1.2 of bacteriophage T7, located near the primary origin of DNA replication at position 15.37 on the T7 chromosome, encodes a 10,059-dalton protein that is essential for growth on Escherichia coli optA1 strains (Saito, H., and Richardson, C. C. (1981) J. Virol. 37, 343-351). In the absence of the T7 1.2 and E. coli optA gene products, the degradation of E. coli DNA proceeds normally, and T7 DNA synthesis is initiated at the primary origin. However, T7 DNA synthesis ceases prematurely and the newly synthesized DNA is degraded; no viable phage particles are released. The gene 1.2 protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity from cells in which the cloned 1.2 gene is overexpressed. Purification of the [35S] methionine-labeled protein was followed by monitoring the radioactivity of the protein and by gel electrophoresis. The purified protein has been identified as the product of gene 1.2 on the basis of molecular weight and partial amino acid sequence. We have found that extracts of E. coli optA1 cells infected with T7 gene 1.2 mutants are defective in packaging exogenous T7 DNA when such extracts are prepared late in infection. Purified gene 1.2 protein restores packaging activity to these defective extracts, thus providing a biological assay for gene 1.2 protein. No specific enzymatic activity has been found associated with the purified gene 1.2 protein. PMID- 3494014 TI - Protein sequence of endothelial glycoprotein IIIa derived from a cDNA clone. Identity with platelet glycoprotein IIIa and similarity to "integrin". AB - Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIIa forms a Ca2+-dependent heterodimer complex with GP IIb. The GP IIb-IIIa complex constitutes the fibrinogen and fibronectin receptor on stimulated platelets. A biochemically and immunologically similar membrane glycoprotein complex is present on endothelial cells. A human umbilical vein endothelial cell cDNA library was screened using oligonucleotide probes designed from peptide sequences obtained from platelet GP IIIa. A cDNA clone was sequenced and found to encode a protein of 84.5 kDa. The translated endothelial cDNA contained five sequences that corresponded to peptide sequences in platelet GP IIIa, including the amino-terminal 19 residues. Thus, the endothelial and platelet forms of GP IIIa are apparently identical. Glycoprotein IIIa consists of a long amino-terminal extracellular domain with several potential N-linked glycosylation sites and four cysteine-rich tandem repeats, a 29-residue hydrophobic transmembrane segment, and a short carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Glycoprotein IIIa has a 47% amino acid sequence homology to "integrin," a fibronectin receptor from chicken embryo fibroblasts. This homology suggests that GP IIIa is a member of a family of cell-surface adhesion receptors. PMID- 3494015 TI - The binding of myosin subfragment 1 to actin can be measured by proteolytic rates method. AB - The initial rates of tryptic digestion at the 50/20-kDa junction in myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) were determined for free S-1, acto-S-1, and acto-S-1 in the presence of magnesium adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Mg AMP-PNP) and MgATP under ionic strength conditions ranging from 30 to 124 mM. The percentage of S-1 bound to actin in the presence of Mg AMP-PNP and MgATP was calculated from these rates for each set of digestion experiments. Parallel experiments carried out in an Airfuge centrifuge on identical acto-S-1 solutions yielded independent information on the binding of S-1 to actin. The results of binding measurements by these two methods were in excellent agreement in all cases tested, covering the range from 15 to 95% binding of S-1 to actin. Tryptic digestions of synthetic mixtures of S-1 and p-phenylenedimaleimide S-1 in the presence of actin demonstrated that a two-component system of myosin heads with different affinities for actin can be resolved into its constituents by the proteolytic rates method. The results of this work justify applications of the proteolytic rates method to actomyosin binding studies in more complex systems. PMID- 3494016 TI - Growth hormone induces two mRNA species of the serine protease inhibitor gene family in rat liver. AB - In order to study the molecular actions of growth hormone on gene expression, we have cloned and characterized two unique, but related, cDNA sequences from rat liver, lambda Spi-1 and lambda Spi-2. These two cDNA sequences are complementary to rat hepatic mRNA species previously designated as Spots 3 and 20 when assayed by in vitro translation and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. By Northern blot, the two mRNAs are both 1900 bases in length and growth hormone administered to hypophysectomized rats increases the levels of both of these mRNAs. In contrast, the combined administration of thyroxine, corticosterone, and dihydrotestosterone to hypophysectomized rats did not augment these mRNAs. The simultaneous administration of all four hormones resulted in a level greater than that observed for animals treated with growth hormone alone. Analysis of genomic DNA suggests the presence of two similar, but not identical, genes. DNA sequencing of lambda Spi-1 and lambda Spi-2 revealed that they were 90% homologous at the nucleotide level and 87% homologous at the amino acid sequence level. lambda Spi-2 has 78% homology with mouse contrapsin, 60% with human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and 51-55% with alpha 1-antitrypsins, all members of the serine protease inhibitor gene family. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of lambda Spi-1 and lambda Spi-2 which align with the reactive centers of known members of this family differ substantially from each other and from other members of the family. The difference in the reactive center suggests that the specificity or function of these proteins may differ from other members of serine protease inhibitor gene family. PMID- 3494017 TI - A quick and atraumatic method of autologous vein harvesting using the subcutaneous extraluminal dissector. AB - Subcutaneous harvesting using an extraluminal vein dissector was used to obtain saphenous and cephalic veins for aortocoronary vein bypass grafting (CVBG) in 428 unselected consecutive patients without complications. The operative technique is simple, quick and easy to learn. Advantages of the method include expeditious harvesting, limited tissue dissection and vein handling, with minimal overt and occult blood loss. Symptomatic benefits include a considerable reduction of leg wound infection (3% superficial inflammation), comfort and improved early mobility. Reduction in late morbidity due to saphenous nerve damage (1.6%), prolonged oedema (0.7%), and delayed sinus formation were also noticeable features. Light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) studies of 57 vein samples showed no excessive trauma to the vein wall but more specifically no evidence of distraction injury to the tributaries when compared with the more traditional dissection technique. PMID- 3494018 TI - Exploring the risk of early dismissal following cardiac operations. AB - The expense for routine postoperative surveillance contributes importantly to the cost of cardiac operations. This study was established to determine the feasibility of earlier dismissals following surgery and whether this would be accompanied by increased risk. All 80 adult cardiac surgery patients undergoing a cardiac operation at one institution during the final quarter of 1983 were included in this prospective study. Patient ages ranged from 34 to 81 years with a mean of 63. Fifty-two per cent were over 65 years old. There were 57 men and 23 women. Of the 80 cardiac operations 85% were coronary artery bypass procedures, with 15% valve operations or other. There was one hospital death. The mean length of postoperative hospitalization was 5 days, and 73% of the patients left the hospital by the 5th postoperative day. Follow-up for 60 days revealed no readmissions nor complications in patients dismissed in 5 days or less. There was one late death presumably from a ventricular arrhythmia in a patient dismissed on the 7th postoperative day. Three point eight per cent (3/79) of the discharged patients were readmitted for varying reasons. The majority of adult cardiac surgery patients can be dismissed safely by the 5th postoperative day. Patients having ventricular arrhythmias or lacking adequate home care are not candidates for early dismissal. PMID- 3494019 TI - Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate releases calcium from specialized sites within Limulus photoreceptors. AB - We have investigated the subcellular distribution and identity of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive calcium stores in living Limulus ventral photoreceptor cells, where light and InsP3 are known to raise intracellular calcium. We injected ventral photoreceptor cells with the photoprotein aequorin and viewed its luminescence with an image intensifier. InsP3 only elicited detectable aequorin luminescence when injected into the light-sensitive rhabdomeral (R)-lobe where aequorin luminescence induced by light was also confined. Calcium stores released by light and InsP3 are therefore localized to the R-lobe. Within the R-lobe, InsP3-induced aequorin luminescence was further confined around the injection site, due to rapid dilution and/or degradation of injected InsP3. Prominent cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum are uniquely localized within the cell beneath the microvillar surface of the R-lobe (Calman, B., and S. Chamberlain, 1982, J. Gen. Physiol., 80:839-862). These cisternae are the probable site of InsP3 action. PMID- 3494021 TI - Assessment of goals and obstacles in data acquisition and analysis from emission tomography: Report of a series of international workshops. PMID- 3494020 TI - Loss of growth responsiveness to epidermal growth factor and enhanced production of alpha-transforming growth factors in ras-transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells. AB - A mouse mammary epithelial cell line, NMuMG, exhibits a low capacity to grow in semisolid medium as colonies and it is not tumorigenic in nude mice. In contrast, NMuMG cells which have been transformed by an activated c-Harvey ras proto oncogene, NMuMG/rasH, or by the polyoma middle T-transforming gene, NMuMG/pyt, are able to grow in soft agar and, when injected into nude mice, produce undifferentiated carcinomas. Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) or human alpha transforming growth factor (alpha TGF) can stimulate, in a dose-dependent fashion, the anchorage-independent growth of NMuMG and NMuMG/pyt cells in soft agar but fail to enhance the anchorage-independent growth of the NMuMGrasH cells. Likewise, human EGF or human alpha TGF is also able to stimulate the anchorage dependent growth of normal NMuMG cells and NMuMG/pyt cells in a serum-free medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, fetuin, and laminin, or in medium containing low concentrations of serum, whereas these same growth factors under comparable culture conditions have little or no effect upon the anchorage dependent growth of the ras-transformed NMuMG-rasH cells. The biological refractoriness of the NMuMG/rasH cells to human EGF or human alpha TGF is reflected by a reduction in the total number of cell surface receptors for EGF and by an absence of a high-affinity population of binding sites for mouse [125l]EGF on these cells as compared to the NMuMG or NMuMG/pyt cells. In addition, concentrated conditioned medium (CM) obtained from NMuMG/rasH and NMuMG/pyt cells contains a relatively higher amount of biologically active TGFs than CM obtained from comparably treated NMuMG cells as measured by the ability to induce the anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney cells in soft agar. The higher levels of biologically active TGFs found in the CM from the transformed cells relative to the NMuMG cells is paralleled by a corresponding increase in the CM from these cells in the amount of immunoreactive alpha TGF, by an increase in the amount of EGF receptor-competing activity, and by an increase in the levels of alpha TGF mRNA in the NMuMG/rasH cells. These results demonstrate that mammary epithelial cells which have been transformed by an activated ras proto-oncogene, but not by the polyoma middle T-transforming gene, become unresponsive to exogenous EGF or alpha TGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3494023 TI - Minority opinion on the extraction of regional values from functional brain images. PMID- 3494022 TI - Assessment of goals and obstacles in data acquisition and analysis from emission tomography. Report of a series of international workshops. III. Biomathematical aspects of physiological brain imaging. PMID- 3494024 TI - The role of physics in positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography image processing. PMID- 3494025 TI - Assessment of goals and obstacles in data acquisition and analysis from emission tomography. Report of a series of international workshops. II. Quality control issues. PMID- 3494026 TI - Positron emission tomography in minor ischemic stroke using oxygen-15 steady state technique. AB - A study with positron emission tomography (PET) was performed on 10 patients with ischemic stroke and mild disability. The patients underwent cerebral angiography, x-ray computed tomography (CT) scan and regional cerebral measurements of CBF, CMRO2, oxygen extraction ratio (OER), and cerebral blood volume (CBV). Only minor arterial involvement was detected by angiography. In all patients, PET images of functional defects were more extensive than the corresponding CT hypodensity, and there were statistically significant reductions in CBF, CMRO2, and CBF/CBV ratio as compared with control subjects. Half of the regions analyzed in the affected hemisphere demonstrated a disruption of the normal coupling between CBF and CMRO2 as reflected by OER values significantly higher or lower than those of the corresponding region of the contralateral hemisphere. The pathophysiological pattern of high OER combined with a reduction in CBF proportionally greater than the reduction in CMRO2 was particularly indicative of regional chronic hemodynamic compromise in these patients. PMID- 3494028 TI - The influence of tissue heterogeneity on results of fitting nonlinear model equations to regional tracer uptake curves: with an application to compartmental models used in positron emission tomography. AB - An analytical method based on Taylor expansions was developed to analyze errors caused by tissue heterogeneity in dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) measurements. Some general rules concerning the effect of parameter variances and covariances were derived. The method was further applied to various compartmental models currently used for measurement of blood flow, capillary permeability, glucose metabolism, and tracer binding. Blood flow and capillary permeability are shown to be generally underestimated in heterogeneous tissue, the underestimation being more severe for slowly decaying, constant or increasing input functions rather than for bolus input, and increasing with measurement time. Typical errors caused by the heterogeneity due to insufficient separation between gray and white matter by a PET scanner with full width at half-maximum (FWHM) = 5 to 10 mm resolution range between -0.9 and -6% in dynamic CBF measurements with intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 15O-water or inhalation of 18F fluoromethane and total measurement times of 6 or 10 min, respectively. Binding or metabolic rates determined with tracers that are essentially trapped in tissue (e.g., FDG for measurement of cerebral glucose metabolism) are only slightly overestimated (0.5-3.0%) at typical measurement times and are essentially independent of the shape of the input function. The error increase considerably if tracer accumulation is very slow, however, or if short measurement times [less than 5/(k2 + k3)] are used. Some rate constants are also subject to larger errors. PMID- 3494027 TI - The effect of anxiety on cortical cerebral blood flow and metabolism. AB - The relation between anxiety and cortical activity was compared in two samples of normal volunteers. One group was studied with the noninvasive xenon-133 inhalation technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the other with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18Flurodeoxyglucose (18FDG) for measuring cerebral metabolic rates (CMR) for glucose. The inhalation technique produced less anxiety than the PET procedure, and for low anxiety subjects, there was a linear increase in CBF with anxiety. For higher anxiety subjects, however, there was a linear decrease in CBF with increased anxiety. The PET group manifested a linear decrease in CMR with increased anxiety. The results indicate that anxiety can have systematic effects on cortical activity, and this should be taken into consideration when comparing data from different procedures. They also suggest a physiologic explanation of a fundamental behavioral law that stipulates a curvilinear, inverted-U relationship between anxiety and performance. PMID- 3494029 TI - Abnormal temporal lobe response in Alzheimer's disease during cognitive processing as measured by 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose and PET. AB - Elderly controls and probable Alzheimer's disease patients underwent serial positron emission tomography (PET) studies during a baseline condition and while performing a verbal memory task. For the temporal lobes, all 7 Alzheimer patients demonstrated a relative shift in glucose metabolic rates to the right hemisphere during the memory condition relative to baseline, and 5 of 7 controls showed a shift to the left hemisphere. Baseline absolute regional metabolic rates replicate previous findings and were somewhat less useful than the memory challenge in differentiating patients from controls. These results indicate that a temporal lobe abnormality in Alzheimer's disease is related to memory performance. PMID- 3494030 TI - Concerning strategies for in vivo measurement of receptor binding using positron emission tomography. PMID- 3494031 TI - Model of protein conformation in the reversed-phase separation of interleukin-2 muteins. AB - Thirty muteins* of interleukin-2 were studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in a gradient mode. Values of the stoichiometry-factor Z [from Geng and Regnier, J. Chromatogr., 296 (1984) 15] varied over a 2.5-fold range for these proteins of similar molecular weight and composition. It is proposed that the more hydrophobic and/or more stable proteins have smaller values of Z while the larger Z-values correspond to a higher degree of protein unfolding during reversed-phase retention. The practical utility of this approach was demonstrated when these Z values were used to predict correctly a reversal in elution order for two closely related interleukin-2 muteins, when shallower gradients were used. PMID- 3494032 TI - Chromatofocusing of N-terminally processed forms of proteins. Isolation and characterization of two forms of interleukin-1 beta and of bovine growth hormone. AB - Using chromatofocusing, two fractions have been obtained from recombinant-derived interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and from pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone (BGH). The forms of both proteins responsible for these fractions have been characterized by N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequence determination. Recombinant IL-1 beta, as a mixture of correctly processed polypeptide and an N terminally methionylated form, was resolved rapidly by chromatofocusing. BGH was resolved into the full-length polypeptide commencing Ala-Phe-Pro-Ala-Met-Ser-Leu- and a form truncated at the N-terminus by four amino acid residues, which thus commences Met-Ser-Leu-; the fraction containing the truncated form also contains a species having N-terminal Phe-Pro-Ala-. These results, and the possible generality of the separation, are discussed. PMID- 3494033 TI - Purification and characterization of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor from human placenta. PMID- 3494034 TI - The association of body fat distribution with hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in men and women aged 18-79 years. AB - To confirm the reported association of body fat distribution with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, blood pressure and serum cholesterol, data from the 1960-62 Health Examination Survey were analyzed. In this sample drawn from the noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 18-79, mean values of two indices of upper versus lower body fat distribution increased steadily with age. Men had higher values than women, and black women had higher values than white women. Higher values of the indices were significantly associated with higher blood pressure, post-load serum glucose and greater prevalence of definite hypertension and definite hypertensive heart disease independent of multiple confounders. Associations with higher serum cholesterol and definite coronary heart disease prevalence were independent of overall ponderosity but not of age and multiple other confounders. Greater abdominal relative to lower body fat deposits were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men and women, blacks and whites. PMID- 3494035 TI - Direct measurement of human plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone by "two-site" immunoradiometric assay. AB - A "two-site" immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) which allows the direct estimation of human CRH (hCRH) in plasma is described. Using this IRMA, basal levels of CRH in normal subjects ranged from 2-28 pg/mL [mean, 15 +/- 7 (+/- SD) pg/mL; n = 58]. Values in men and women were similar. Plasma CRH values within this range were also found in patients with Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and Nelson's syndrome, with no correlation between plasma CRH and ACTH levels in these patients. Elevated plasma CRH levels were found in pregnant women near term [1462 +/- 752 (+/- SD) pg/mL; n = 55], and the dilution curve of this CRH-like immunoreactivity paralleled the IRMA standard curve. After its immunoadsorption from maternal plasma, this CRH-like material eluted on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with a retention time identical to that of synthetic CRH and had equipotent bioactivity with the synthetic peptide in the perfused anterior pituitary cell bioassay. Circulating CRH was not detected in Wistar rats, even after adrenalectomy and subsequent ether stress. Synthetic hCRH was degraded by fresh human plasma relatively slowly; 65% of added CRH remained after 1 h of incubation at 37 C. Degradation was inhibited by heat treatment (54 C; 1 h), cold treatment (4 C; 4 h), or freezing and thawing. Loss of synthetic rat CRH occurred more rapidly when fresh rat plasma was used; only 20% of added CRH remained under the same conditions. The inability to measure CRH in peripheral rat plasma may be due to the presence of active CRH-degrading enzymes which fragment the CRH molecule into forms not recognized by the CRH IRMA. PMID- 3494036 TI - Plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations during pregnancy and parturition. AB - Plasma CRH was measured in maternal plasma throughout the third trimester of pregnancy, during labor, and postpartum. CRH levels were also measured in arterial and venous umbilical cord plasma samples. In normal pregnant women, plasma CRH increased from 50 +/- 15 (+/- SEM) pg/mL at 28 weeks gestation (n = 41) to 1462 +/- 182 pg/mL at 40 weeks (n = 55) and 1680 +/- 101 pg/mL (n = 65) in labor. Women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 49) had plasma CRH levels significantly elevated above this normal range. Similarly, women who subsequently went into premature labor had raised levels several weeks before the onset of labor. After delivery, plasma CRH returned to normal within 15 h. Total plasma cortisol levels varied little throughout the third trimester, but increased during labor and remained elevated 2-3 days postpartum. There was, therefore, no correlation between plasma cortisol and CRH, implying that this placental CRH is not primarily involved in the control of the maternal hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis during pregnancy. The concentrations of CRH in umbilical cord plasma samples were considerably lower than those in the maternal circulation and were close to those in normal nonpregnant adults. PMID- 3494037 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and low serum osteocalcin despite vitamin D replacement in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Thirty-six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) receiving calcium and calciferol supplements (100,000 IU monthly by im injection) were investigated for their calcium, vitamin D, PTH, and osteocalcin status. The corrected plasma calcium concentrations in PBC patients were significantly greater than those in normal subjects. While the mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in these patients were similar to those in normal subjects, the mean serum PTH concentration was significantly greater, and it was supranormal in 11 patients. Three patients had elevated corrected calcium concentrations; 1 of them had a concomitant increase in ionized calcium and a supranormal PTH level, and another had a high normal PTH. Ionized calcium concentrations were normal in the rest. Serum osteocalcin concentrations were significantly lower in the patients compared with those in normal subjects. These results indicate that PTH concentrations are frequently elevated in PBC patients despite adequate vitamin D supplementation and normal or even supranormal plasma calcium concentrations. Nonsuppression of PTH concentrations and autonomy of PTH secretion suggest that vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in such patients probably occur much earlier in the natural history of this disease than is currently realized. Persistent nonsuppressible hypersecretion of PTH probably contributes to the bone disease of primary biliary cirrhosis. The low osteocalcin concentrations probably reflect diminished osteoblastic activity, which may also contribute to osteopenia in these patients. PMID- 3494038 TI - Active bone turnover of the cortico-endosteal envelope in postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - We developed a computerized semiautomatic method allowing accurate measurement of bone remodeling activity of the cortico-endosteal envelope of iliac crest biopsies. Measurement of bone turnover of the cortico-endosteal and of the trabecular envelopes were performed in 33 untreated women with postmenopausal vertebral osteoporosis and in 8 age-matched normal women. In normal women, bone remodeling was not different in the trabecular and the cortico-endosteal envelopes. In contrast, osteoporotic women had a marked, significant increase of bone formation and resorption at the cortico-endosteal envelope when compared to trabecular bone. Despite this difference, bone turnover activities of both envelopes were related, as indicated by significant correlations for most parameters between both envelopes. Serum bone gla-protein, previously reported to reflect trabecular bone formation, was also highly correlated with static and dynamic assessment of bone formation of the cortico-endosteal envelope of osteoporotic women but did not reflect bone resorption. When trabecular and endosteal measurements were pooled, correlations between serum bone gla-protein and bone formation were similar or even improved. In conclusion, our data suggest that patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis have active bone turnover at the cortico-endosteal envelope which may contribute significantly to bone loss in this disease. Because the different bone envelopes react differently to various therapeutic regimens, bone turnover of the cortico-endosteal envelope should be considered when assessing the effect of new treatments. PMID- 3494040 TI - Analysis of contractile properties of muscles from rats immunized with purified acetylcholine receptor. AB - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was induced in rats by injection of purified acetylcholine receptor (AChR). In addition to detecting elevated serum titers of anti-AChR antibodies, we observed decreased twitch-tension at submaximal stimulation voltages and increased curare sensitivity by muscles obtained from immunized rats when compared to muscles obtained from nonimmune control rats. Furthermore, antibody-induced neuromuscular impairment was expressed to differing extents dependent on whether the diaphragm, soleus, or extensor digitorum longus muscle was examined. Thus, we conclude that potential antibody perturbation of AChR function will depend not only on the nature of the antibody, but also on the complex structure-function relationships that exist in individual muscles. This may partially explain the variable impairment of different muscle groups in patients with myasthenia. PMID- 3494039 TI - Immunoglobulin prophylaxis in patients with antibody deficiency syndromes and anti-IgA antibodies. AB - Sera from three hundred five patients with immunoglobulin deficiencies were analyzed for the presence of anti-IgA antibodies by using indirect agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-IgA antibodies were observed in 15 of 68 (22%) patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and 53 of 185 (29%) patients with selective IgA deficiency, both groups having serum IgA less than 0.05 g/liter. The highest frequency, 6 of 10 or 60%, was noted for patients with a combined IgA-IgG2 deficiency. No anti-IgA antibodies were detected in 25 patients with serum IgA between 0.05 and 0.27 g/liter and normal amounts of serum IgM and IgG or in 17 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia who had serum IgA of 0.05-0.7 g/liter. The anti-IgA antibodies were primarily of the IgG class, but IgD and IgM anti-IgA were occasionally found. IgE anti-IgA antibodies could not be detected with the presently used technique. The IgG anti-IgA antibodies were mainly of the IgG1 subclass but occasionally also of the subclasses IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. Of eight patients with anti-IgA antibodies, seven tolerated Ig prophylaxis with a commercial immunoglobulin preparation low in IgA when given either intramuscularly or intravenously. The titers of anti-IgA in the sera of these patients did not rise in relation to the prophylaxis. Only one of the eight patients had a history of previous anaphylactic reactions to IgA-containing blood products. He tolerated six Ig infusions during 5 months with the IgA-depleted preparation without any adverse effects but showed increasing levels of anti-IgA antibodies and ultimately experienced a near-fatal reaction at the seventh infusion. PMID- 3494041 TI - Reduced susceptibility of T cell-deficient rats to induction of experimental allergic neuritis. AB - Lewis rats were made deficient in T cells by adult thymectomy and lethal irradiation, and then reconstituted with T cell-free bone marrow. Their ability to develop experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) was compared with normal rats. The majority of T cell-deficient rats remained clinically and histologically unaffected, whereas all but one of the normal rats developed severe EAN. Those T cell-deficient animals which succumbed to EAN were found to have a significantly higher percentage of residual blood T lymphocytes than those which did not. Full susceptibility to EAN was restored by an inoculum of whole thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from normal animals but not by TDL depleted of T cells. The results therefore provide direct confirmation that T cells are a requirement for the development of EAN. PMID- 3494042 TI - Identification and quantitation of the expression of T cell surface markers during the development of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE) in the guinea pig. AB - As there were discrepancies in previous data on the T cell nature of cells infiltrating the meninges at all stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE), experiments have been performed using a further monoclonal antibody (Mab) recognizing total T cell populations and the classic E rosetting technique. Cytospins were prepared of the meningeal inflammatory cells obtained by washing the brains of these animals, and stained by indirect immunoperoxidase. It was found that the T cell, as defined by both E rosetting and staining with the Mab CT5, is the major cell type found in the meninges during the development of CREAE. However, the staining with the Mab CT7, which recognizes a functionally relevant antigen, showed that there is a discrepancy between the numbers of lymphocytes stained compared to the results with CT5 and E rosettes. Furthermore, the antigen recognized by CT7 appeared to be modulated during the disease. The possible functional relevance and its relation to clinical remission and relapse are discussed. PMID- 3494043 TI - Bromocriptine and low dose cyclosporine in the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis in the rat. AB - The immunologic effects of bromocriptine and low dose cyclosporine on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced in Lewis rats by S-antigen immunization were studied. Rats treated with a sub-optimal dose (low dose) of cyclosporine (2 mg/kg per d), bromocriptine (1.8 mg/kg per d), or both drugs were compared with untreated rats in regard to the development of EAU, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and anti-S-antigen serum antibodies. Bromocriptine alone decreased the incidence of EAU only in female rats (P less than 0.01), did not effect the lymphocyte proliferative response, but did significantly decrease antibody titers in both males (P less than 0.004) and females (P less than 0.0005). Low dose cyclosporine also partially decreased the incidence of EAU in female rats, but did not decrease antibody titers or lymphocyte proliferative responses. Bromocriptine plus low-dose cyclosporine led to more marked decreases in the incidence of EAU and anti-S-antigen antibody titers as well as in the lymphocyte proliferative assay (P less than 0.01 for males, P less than 0.0005 for females). This study suggests that bromocriptine can enhance the immunosuppression of low dose cyclosporine. PMID- 3494045 TI - Thymus-dependent and -independent regulation of Ia antigen expression in situ by cells in the synovium of rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Differences in site and intensity of expression in euthymic, athymic, and cyclosporin A-treated LEW and F344 rats. AB - Euthymic LEW rats, when injected with streptococcal cell walls, exhibited rapid onset development of acute exudative arthritis coincident with enhanced synovial expression of Ia antigen. By 21 d after injection, the expression of Ia was markedly increased compared with basal conditions and paralleled the severity of the later developing proliferative and erosive disease. Immunodeficient athymic and cyclosporin A-treated LEW rats developed only the early phase arthritis, which was again paralleled by synovial Ia expression. Chronic expression of high levels of Ia antigen was not observed. Histocompatible F344 rats, both athymic and euthymic, developed minimal, if any, clinically significant arthritis and did not exhibit the enhanced Ia expression demonstrated in the LEW rats. Our results indicate that enhanced synovial Ia expression parallels clinical disease severity and varies by rat strain, and that the rapid onset enhanced synovial Ia expression is thymus independent, whereas the markedly enhanced chronic phase Ia expression is thymus dependent. PMID- 3494044 TI - Selective effects of cyclophosphamide therapy on activation, proliferation, and differentiation of human B cells. AB - The immune function of B lymphocytes from 12 patients with nonneoplastic immune mediated diseases receiving chronic low-dose (2 mg/kg per d) cyclophosphamide (CY) was evaluated. There was a selective and differential suppressive effect of CY therapy on the various stages of the B cell cycle including activation, proliferation, and differentiation. The proliferative responses to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) and mitogenic concentrations of anti-mu were suppressed. In contrast, B cells that have been presumably activated in vivo proliferated with a normal pattern when exposed to B cell growth factor in vitro. Chronic low-dose CY therapy also suppressed B cell differentiation. Secretion of immunoglobulin by B cells following in vitro triggering with SAC and a T cell supernatant was suppressed in CY-treated patients. Moreover, differentiation of the large in vivo-activated B cells (which do not require an in vitro activation signal) in the presence of appropriate T lymphocyte supernatant was also suppressed. This selective suppression of B cell function at multiple points in the B cell cycle may be responsible for the efficacy of CY therapy in certain antibody and immune complex-mediated diseases. PMID- 3494046 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulation test for osteoblast function in normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. AB - The cause of bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis--decreased bone formation or increased bone resorption--is controversial. Synthesis of bone--Gla protein (BGP), a specific osteoblast product, is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] in vitro. Thus, increases in serum BGP levels during 1,25(OH)2D administration might provide a useful dynamic index of osteoblast function. We compared 14 postmenopausal osteoporotic women with 12 age-matched postmenopausal normal women before and during 6 d of 1,25(OH)2D administration (2.0 micrograms/d). Serum BGP levels were similar at baseline and increased during treatment in both groups (P less than 0.001). However, trend analysis showed a greater (P less than 0.01) increase in the osteoporotic women. These data do not support the hypothesis that defective osteoblast function is the major cause of bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 3494047 TI - Immune amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia of the newborn: association with anti-HLA A2. AB - Three newborn babies with congenital immune amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia are described. Two were siblings. The mothers' sera showed antibody against both pooled random platelets and lymphocytes of type HLA-A2. Two babies had transient thrombocytopenia and leucopenia and made a full haematological recovery. One baby died aged four hours having had no haematological investigations during life. Histological examination of the bone marrow in all three babies (two by trephine biopsy; one at necropsy) confirmed a deficiency of megakaryocytes. It is suggested that anti-HLA-A2 may cause neonatal thrombocytopenia by depressing megakaryocytes instead of, or in addition to, any direct effect on platelets. PMID- 3494048 TI - Successful aortocoronary bypass in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Cardiovascular abnormalities are infrequently documented in osteogenesis imperfecta, one of a group of hereditary, generalized connective tissue disorders. A patient with osteogenesis imperfecta is described with mitral valve prolapse, significant coronary artery disease and a coronary artery aneurysm. The latter two cardiac defects are apparently rare in this disease. The option of surgery was carefully considered with regard to technical feasibility and potential deterioration of the graft anastomoses. Although successful aortocoronary bypass surgery had not been previously reported in osteogenesis imperfecta, this patient received such surgery with therapeutic benefit. Therefore, coronary artery vascularization should be considered as a safe and effective treatment modality for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and coexisting coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 3494049 TI - Recurrent myocardial infarction associated with cocaine abuse in a young man with normal coronary arteries: evidence for coronary artery spasm culminating in thrombosis. AB - Myocardial infarction is increasingly recognized as a complication of cocaine abuse. A significant number of persons suffering from myocardial infarction associated with cocaine abuse do not have significant coronary atherosclerosis, and the mechanism for infarction in these patients has remained obscure. This report describes a young man with angiographically normal coronary arteries in whom cocaine abuse produced coronary artery spasm leading to coronary thrombosis and infarction. PMID- 3494050 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on lung liquid secretion in fetal sheep. AB - Fetal lung liquid secretion depends on active transport of chloride ions. Chloride secretion in the stomach is inhibited by epidermal growth factor (EGF). For this reason, the effect of EGF on lung liquid secretion was measured using the impermeant-tracer technique in chronically-prepared fetal sheep. Infusion of EGF over 4 h resulted in decreased lung liquid secretion (from 4.2 +/- 0.6 to 1.7 +/- 0.8 ml/h, P = 0.02) and significant dose related tachycardia. During the infusion, plasma epinephrine levels increased from 27 +/- 5 to 67 +/- 13 pg/ml (P = 0.05) and norepinephrine levels increased from 257 +/- 31 to 544 +/- 69 pg/ml (P = 0.01). Since it is known that beta-adrenergic agonists inhibit lung liquid secretion, subsequent studies were performed with beta-adrenergic blockade using propranolol. Infusion of EGF and propranolol resulted in a significant decrease in lung liquid secretion (from 8.9 +/- 2.1 to 3.0 +/- 1.1 ml/h, P = 0.03). Infusion of propranolol alone had no demonstrable effect on lung liquid secretion. It is concluded that acute EGF infusion increases heart rate and stimulates catecholamine secretion in fetal sheep. EGF also inhibits lung liquid secretion, an effect which appears to be independent of a possible indirect catecholamine effect. PMID- 3494051 TI - Effect of thyroid hormone and sex status on epidermal growth factor concentrations in the submandibular gland of a congenitally hypothyroid mouse model. AB - Studies were performed to explore the role of thyroid hormone and sex status on epidermal growth factor concentrations in the submandibular gland of a congenitally hypothyroid mouse model designated hyt/hyt. The animals were studied at 20, 30 and 40 days of postnatal age. The euthyroid animals were homozygous or heterozygous for the hypothyroid gene. The homozygous euthyroid animals displayed a pattern of submandibular gland epidermal growth factor concentrations similar to those previously described in other mouse species and showed the expected sex differences. The hypothyroid animals had measurable but very low submandibular gland epidermal growth factor concentrations without sexual dimorphism. Serum thyroxine concentrations in the heterozygotes were comparable to those in the homozygous euthyroid animals, yet the animals had a delayed increase in epidermal growth factor concentrations combined with a later expression of female-male differences. The timing of the sex differences in submandibular gland epidermal growth factor concentrations followed a pattern similar to that seen for the timing of the first litter in these three genetically distinct groups. This infers the timing of the onset of puberty and suggests a role of androgens in the changes seen in epidermal growth factor concentrations. We conclude that thyroid hormone and sex status in this mouse model influence the pattern and concentrations of submandibular gland epidermal growth factor concentrations. PMID- 3494052 TI - Uptake and metabolism of epidermal growth factor in the perfused human placenta. AB - Uptake of 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor into trophoblast, and its subsequent fate, was studied in an isolated dually-perfused lobule of term human placenta. 125I-EGF added into the maternal circulation was rapidly taken up into the placental tissue where a portion was degraded and most of the breakdown products released back into the maternal circuit. At the end of the 2 h perfusion, radioactivity in the tissue accounted for 52% of the initial dose. 12.9% of the radioactivity remaining in the maternal circuit at the end of the perfusion, amounting to only 5.2% of the initial activity, could be identified as intact EGF by immunoaffinity chromatography. About 45 min after the start of the perfusion there was a sustained rise in the 125I activity in the fetal circulation accounting for 4.6% of the initial activity, and a small proportion of this (0.22% of the dose) could be immunologically characterised as EGF. In the presence of the acidotrophic agent chloroquine, there was a similar rapid clearance from the maternal circulation, which was not associated with breakdown. The tissue retention was slightly enhanced and there was very little transfer of activity into the fetal circulation. PMID- 3494053 TI - Unusual sites of upper gastrointestinal variceal bleeding. AB - When patients with portal hypertension bleed from varices, these are most commonly located in the esophagus and gastric fundus. However, varices can develop anywhere in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. Oftentimes if an active upper gastrointestinal bleeding site is not evident at the time of endoscopy, bleeding is attributed to any esophageal or gastric varices that are present. This supposition may not always be true as illustrated in the two patients presented here. Likewise, the absence of esophagogastric varices in a patient with portal hypertension does not preclude the presence of varices elsewhere. Endoscopic examination of the second and third portion of the duodenum can sometimes be helpful in accurately locating the bleeding site. PMID- 3494054 TI - The rightward shift of colon cancer. Aging or artifact? AB - The results of a cross-sectional study were recently used as the primary basis for postulating a causal relationship between aging and the observed increasing proportion of right-sided colorectal carcinoma diagnosed in recent decades. However, cross-sectional research methodologies are more prone than cohort designs to biases that may produce misleading results, especially those biases due to differences in disease detection and in patient losses among study groups. A hypothetical prospective cohort model is used to help illustrate these methodological limitations. Other data reviewed appear not to support the "aging gut" hypothesis. Additional information using more robust methodologies will be needed to delineate the role of aging in the shift in location of colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3494056 TI - Bacteremic hemophilus influenzae pneumonia. PMID- 3494055 TI - Clonal analysis of intrahepatic T lymphocytes in chronic active hepatitis. Isolation of a T-cell line specific for hepatitis B core antigen from a patient with serological evidence of exposure to HBV. AB - We have evaluated whether peripheral blood and hepatic lymphocytes from a patient with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and antibodies to HBV in serum were specifically sensitized to HBV envelope antigens (HBsAg and pre-S Ag) or to HBcAg. No proliferation to HBV antigens was demonstrated upon stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells either unfractionated or enriched in CD4+ (helper/inducer) T cells. Of 15 T-cell cloned lines (7 CD8+ and 8 CD4+) obtained by limiting dilution in the presence of PHA and recombinant IL2 from liver infiltrating lymphocytes, one, designated H2, showed specific sensitization to HBcAg, whereas none demonstrated sensitization to viral envelope antigens. The H2 line displayed the CD8+ phenotype, suppressor activity on polyclonal immunoglobulin production and IL2-dependent, HBcAg-specific proliferation. These results suggest that in patients with CAH and serological evidence of previous exposure to HBV, it is possible to obtain lymphocytes specifically sensitized to HBcAg from liver biopsy. PMID- 3494057 TI - Aberrant T cells in beige mutant mice. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) morphology and function was examined in beige (bg/bg) mutant mice during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Virus-specific, class I-restricted CTL activity mediated by total spleen leukocytes isolated from bg/+ or +/+ mice on days 7 or 9 postinfection with LCMV was moderately higher than that mediated by spleen cells isolated from bg/bg mice. The CTL generated in bg/bg mice had aberrant morphology. Lyt-2+ cells isolated from bg/+ or +/+ mice had typical large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology and contained numerous small azurophilic granules, whereas Lyt-2+ cells isolated from bg/bg mice contained only one or two large atypical granules in their cytoplasm. Aberrant LGL morphology correlated with reduced lytic capacity. The bg/bg CTL were inefficient killer cells mediating, on a per cell basis, only one fourth of the lysis mediated by bg/+ CTL. The bg/bg mice appeared to mount a compensatory response to regulate virus replication, because frequencies of Lyt-2+ cells and cells that specifically bound to virus-infected target cells were elevated as compared with their frequencies in bg/+ mice. The higher proportion of the CTL phenotype cells appeared to be a consequence of expanded proliferation of Lyt-2+ cells. These results demonstrate that, in comparison with bg/+ and +/+ mice, bg/bg mice have CTL with reduced lytic capacities, but may compensate during virus infection by expanding the number of these cells. Furthermore, these data suggest that the depressed lytic activity may be a consequence of aberrant granule formation. PMID- 3494058 TI - Idiotype-specific Ly-1 B cell-mediated helper activity: hybridomas that produce anti-idiotype antibody and nonimmunoglobulin lymphokine(s)1. AB - Previous work has shown that the expression of a predominant family of idiotypic determinants (NPb) in the in vitro response to the 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP) hapten is dependent on helper activity provided by Ly-1- and Ig-bearing B cells called BH. The ability of these BH cells to perform this idiotype-specific, genetically controlled helper function is related to the NPb idiotype specificity of their cell surface receptors. However, the means by which BH cells communicate with and stimulate NPb idiotypic B cell subsets is unknown. In this paper, an Ly 1- and immunoglobulin-bearing B helper cell hybridoma is described. Supernatants from the hybridoma or its subclones were shown to specifically help the response of NPb idiotypic PFC to NP-Ficoll when added to responder cell cultures depleted of Thy-1 and Ly-1 regulatory cell populations. Under these experimental conditions hybridoma supernatants functioned in much the same fashion as populations of Ly-1- and Ig-bearing BH helper populations described previously. NPb idiotype-specific helper activity was mediated by two separable activities elaborated by the hybridoma, an anti-NPb idiotype antibody and a non-Ig (lymphokine) activity. It was shown that both the Ig and the lymphokine components were required for helper activity. Kinetics experiments showed that the anti-idiotype antibody must be added early in the response to NP-Ficoll, whereas the lymphokine fraction could be added at least as late as day 3 of a 4 day culture in order to observe NPb idiotype-specific help. The data suggest that Ly-1 B cell hybridomas may affect the responsiveness of B cell subsets initially by interaction of anti-idiotype antibody with NPb idiotypic B cell surface receptors, followed by growth or maturation signals mediated by non-Ig lymphokine(s). The possibility that the helper activity of these Ly-1 B cell hybridomas represents the combined effects of an idiotype-specific network system and nonspecific growth or maturation factor activity in direct B cell-B cell interactions is discussed. PMID- 3494060 TI - Induction of membrane-associated interleukin 1 by tumor necrosis factor in human fibroblasts. AB - Highly purified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was found to induce interleukin 1 (IL 1) production in diploid human FS-4 fibroblasts. Demonstration of IL 1 activity was based on the ability of TNF-treated FS-4 cells, subsequently fixed with formaldehyde, to stimulate thymocyte proliferation in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. Incubation of FS-4 cells with the optimal dose of TNF (10 ng/ml) resulted in a marked increase in [3H] thymidine uptake by thymocytes co cultured with formaldehyde-fixed FS-4 cells. Induction of this apparently membrane-associated IL 1 (MA-IL 1) activity was demonstrable at 6 hr and reached a plateau after 48 hr of incubation with TNF. FS-4 cells did not secrete soluble IL 1 in response to TNF. Dexamethasone suppressed the synthesis of TNF-induced MA IL 1. A monoclonal antibody specific for TNF neutralized MA-IL 1 induction, indicating that the induction is due to TNF, and not to a contaminant in the TNF preparation. The ability of TNF to induce IL 1 synthesis in FS-4 fibroblasts at the transcriptional level was confirmed by S1 nuclease protection assay. Cytoplasmic RNA from uninduced FS-4 cells contained no demonstrable RNA hybridizing with a human IL 1-alpha cDNA probe and low levels of RNA hybridizing with an IL 1-beta cDNA. Induction with TNF resulted in the appearance of IL 1 alpha mRNA and a very significant increase in IL 1-beta mRNA, indicating that TNF induces the synthesis of both IL 1-alpha and IL 1-beta in FS-4 cells. PMID- 3494059 TI - IL 1 induction by murine T cell clones: detection of an IL 1-inducing lymphokine. AB - T cell activation is widely believed to depend on interleukin 1 (IL 1) provided by antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APC). Because IL 1 is not a constitutive product of APC, we examined the features of its production during the interaction of murine T cell clones and APC. We observed that IL 1 was detectable in supernatants of most myoglobin-specific T cell clones grown with APC and Ag. Two of these T cell clones induced exceptionally high levels of IL 1 in their supernatants, and these same clones demonstrated the unusual restriction to I-Ek, which is a low responder type for sperm whale myoglobin. One of these clones was characterized additionally as to the mechanism of IL 1 induction. This clone rapidly stimulated IL 1 production in the APC population (detectable at 4 hr of co-culture) or in macrophages (M phi) or a M phi-like cell line. IL 1 induction was Ag dependent and H-2 restricted. Induction was radioresistant, both on the part of the T cell and of the IL 1 producer. The IL 1-induction process was attributable to a lymphokine produced by the T cell clone. This lymphokine was distinct from IFN-gamma, TNF and CSF-1 and may account for a principal mechanism of T----APC signalling. The induced IL 1 was the same in size, co-mitogenicity, and pyrogenicity as lipopolysaccharide-induced IL 1. PMID- 3494061 TI - Induction of colony stimulating factor in vivo by recombinant interleukin 1 alpha and recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha 1. AB - In response to a potent inflammatory challenge, such as Gram-negative endotoxin, a number of cytokines are induced that, in turn, mediate many of the pathophysiologic alterations associated with endotoxicity. In this study, we have observed two endotoxin-associated monokines, recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (rIL 1 alpha) and recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha), to induce colony stimulating factor (CSF) in vivo. The CSF activities produced in response to rIL 1 alpha or rTNF alpha gave rise to a mixture of granulocyte-macrophage colonies and were induced in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, peaking within 3 hr of cytokine injection (preceding peak CSF induction by endotoxin by several hours). Combined injection of suboptimal concentrations of rIL 1 alpha and rTNF alpha were additive, and simultaneous injection of optimal concentrations of each failed to increase CSF levels over that observed with either cytokine alone. Unlike endotoxin, neither cytokine induced interferon in vivo. These findings extend our understanding of the cytokine cascade that is operative in an inflammatory response and may account for many of the observed hematopoietic alterations that accompany inflammation. PMID- 3494062 TI - Normal human sera contain antibodies directed at Fab of IgA. AB - Serum samples from 26 normal volunteers were evaluated by isotype-specific ELISA for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies directed at IgA. Although there were wide variations in antibody levels, anti-IgA antibodies of both isotypes were found in all individuals tested. The anti-IgA activity was detected against a variety of polymeric and monomeric IgA1 and IgA2 myeloma proteins containing both kappa and lambda light chains. By using Fab and Fc fragments generated by incubation of an IgA1 myeloma protein with IgA1 protease, it was shown that the anti-IgA activity was specific for the Fab portion of the IgA molecule. It was also demonstrated that the serum of two individuals contained both IgG and IgM activity directed at autologous affinity-purified IgA. IgM antibody levels against both whole IgA and Fab of IgA were significantly higher than IgG antibody levels. Cells producing anti-IgA antibodies of both isotypes were detected in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human spleen. PMID- 3494063 TI - Transmembrane signaling through B cell MHC class II molecules: anti-Ia antibodies induce protein kinase C translocation to the nuclear fraction. AB - Among receptors of immunologic importance, antigen receptors on B cells (mIg) and T cells (Ti/T3), as well as receptors for IL 2 and IL 3, appear to utilize a transmembrane signal transduction mechanism that involves protein kinase C (PKC) translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Here we report evidence that B cell surface type II major histocompatibility molecules (I-A and I-E) can act as signal transducing molecules, as evidenced by the ability of soluble ligands that bind these molecules to stimulate rapid translocation (less than 2 min) of cytosolic PKC. This phenomenon differs qualitatively from translocation induced by anti-Ig antibodies and all other ligands thus far studied, in involving an apparent translocation of protein kinase C to the nucleus. Data suggest that I-A/E molecules may play an active role in T cell-dependent B cell activation. They also provide an explanation for the previously observed suppressive effects of soluble I-A and I-E binding ligands on B cell activation in demonstrating that these ligands (anti-IA/E) deplete the cytosolic reservoir of PKC normally translocated to the plasma membrane after anti-Ig or LPS stimulation. PMID- 3494064 TI - Differential antigen-presenting cell requirements of hapten-specific T cell lines restricted to class II determinants. AB - We used a panel of class II-restricted T cell lines (TCL), generated against trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), to examine the antigen-presenting functions of various PBMC-derived class II-positive cell types, including adherent cells, B + null cells, and activated T cells. However, activated T cells and transformed or activated B cells differed in their ability to present TNP to the TCL; TNP-modified activated lymphocytes stimulated only a subset of the class II-restricted TCL that responded to class II-positive resting cells. Moreover, certain antigen-specific TCL distinguished between antigen presented on activated T cells and transformed B cells. The differences in stimulatory capacity for particular TCL did not appear to reflect differences in the expression of class II molecules or in the ability of these cells to deliver hormonal signals or process antigen. Instead, the data suggest that differences in the ability of the cells to recognize antigen on the surface of different class II-positive cells may be a function of a secondary cell surface interaction. PMID- 3494066 TI - Functional maturation of murine B lymphocyte precursors. II. Analysis of cells required from the bone marrow microenvironment. AB - The development of mature B cells in cultures of early B cell precursors depends on the presence of a confluent adherent bone marrow (aBM) cell layer. Adherent and sIgM+ cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) from untreated or 5-fluorouracil pretreated donors or day 12 fetal liver cells were used as precursor cell populations. When adherent cells from thymus or highly enriched BM-derived macrophages were co-cultured with precursor cells, mature B cells were not developed. Similarly, aBM cell layers generated in the presence of hydrocortisone and horse serum were unable to support aBM cell-dependent precursor differentiation, even though cortisone was removed before the addition of precursor cells. In contrast, this type of microenvironment promoted the differentiation of precursor of myeloid cell lineages. Repeated treatment of established aBM cell populations with a monoclonal anti-macrophage antibody (31.3, known to recognize a surface marker on a subset of BM macrophages) and complement abolished the capacity of otherwise functional aBM cells to sustain the development of B cell precursors. Macrophage-depleted aBM cells regained their function after supplementation with highly enriched BM-derived macrophages grown in vitro. Limiting dilution analysis of aBM cells in microcultures containing saturating numbers of early B cell progenitors also suggests the participation of more than one cell type in the BM cell population. In conclusion, differentiation of early B cell progenitors requires macrophages in addition to at least one additional cell type contained in the aBM cell population. PMID- 3494065 TI - Functional maturation of murine B lymphocyte precursors. I. Selection of adherent cell-dependent precursors from bone marrow and fetal liver. AB - A cell culture assay is described which is suitable to explore interactions between cells of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment on one side and B lymphocyte progenitors on the other. First, a heterogeneous adherent BM (aBM) cell population was established on Cytodex 1 microcarriers. Then, adherent cell and surface IgM+(sIgM+) cell-depleted BM precursors or adherent cell-depleted day 12 fetal liver cells were added. The generation of B cells in these cultures was monitored by staining with fluorochrome-labeled anti-mu-chain antibody and by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of protein A plaque-forming cells at limiting dilution. In the absence of aBM cells, some B cells arose after 24 hr from BM precursors but not from day 12 fetal liver cells. With aBM cells, BM precursors gave rise to a distinct second wave of B cells starting after 5 days of culture. When fetal liver cells were cultured on aBM cells, B cells appeared after a delay of 4 to 5 days. By using Ig allotype-congenic mouse strains (C.AL 20, BALB/c) and an allotype-specific plaque assay, we established that mature B cells originate from the putative progenitors and not from the aBM cell population. In an attempt to eliminate the aBM cell-independent progenitor subset, mice were pretreated with 5-fluorouracil 5 days before BM cells were collected. The remaining cells still contained B cells, but the frequency of c mu+ sIgM- pre-B cells was less than 10(-5). Remaining B cells were removed by anti-mu panning. In cultures of this precursor cell population, LPS-responsive B cells appeared after a delay of about 1 wk, and their generation was totally aBM cell-dependent and was maintained for more than 2 wk. PMID- 3494068 TI - Defect in production of B cell differentiation factor-like activity by mononuclear cells from a boy with hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - The case history of a boy who presented at 6 mo of age with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is described. Hypogammaglobulinemia was detected. His T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes proliferated with mitogens but no immunoglobulin was secreted secondary to polyclonal stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. His peripheral blood mononuclear cells secreted interleukin 2 and B cell growth factor (BCGF) but failed to secrete detectable levels of B cell differentiation factor (BCDF). Studies of his B lymphocytes showed that they would secrete immunoglobulin in vitro after exposure to a supernatant containing BCDF activity. Hence regulatory control of these lymphokines appears to be independent, and this case illustrates the pathologic sequellae of a defect in BCDF-like production. PMID- 3494067 TI - Autoantibodies against a specific nuclear RNP protein in sera of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases associated with myositis. AB - Polymyositis is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease affecting human skeletal muscle. In the presence of concomitant vasculitis in the skin, the term dermatomyositis is used. In contrast, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease in which involvement of the skin, kidneys, joints, brain, and other organs may be found. The clinical manifestations vary according to the organ/system involved. It is clinical and therapeutic importance to define which organ/system is involved during the course of the disease. We approached this problem by studying the specificity of autoantibodies that are generated in patients with SLE and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Among such antibodies are those directed against nuclear components including a variety of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We have utilized mammalian nuclear preparations enriched with RNP particles as the antigenic source for immunoblotting studies to identify specific antigenic polypeptides. In the study reported here, sera from five groups of patients were examined: 10 patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis; six patients with SLE and myositis; 12 lupus patients with cerebral and/or renal disease; eight patients with SLE but no myositis, renal, or cerebral disease; and 5) 11 patients with muscle weakness or muscle disease not due to myositis. In the first two groups of patients with myositis, antibodies against a nuclear RNP protein of 56 KD was identified in 12 of 16 sera. In contrast, such antibodies were found in the serum of only two of 20 patients with SLE but without muscle involvement (groups 3 and 4), and were not found at all in patients with other muscle diseases. This study has identified a new marker, antibodies against a nuclear RNP protein of 56 KD for detecting muscle involvement among the autoimmune rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3494069 TI - Activation of glomerular mesangial cells by the terminal membrane attack complex of complement. AB - Treatment of cultured renal glomerular mesangial cells (MC) with nonlytic concentrations of the purified components (C5b-9) of the terminal membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement induced significant functional alterations characteristic of cellular activation. C5b-9-treated MC released large quantities of primarily vasodilatory prostaglandins. In addition, the secretion of an MC derived auto-growth factor (MC interleukin 1) was greatly enhanced. Examination of the action of C5b-9 on MC phospholipid metabolism indicated that complement induced the activation of phospholipases, leading to quantitative changes in the fatty acid profile of MC membrane phospholipids. These findings demonstrate that cultured MC are highly responsive to nonlytic concentrations of the C5b-9 complex, and suggest that the mesangial deposition of the MAC in many forms of glomerular disease, with resultant cellular activation, may play a major role in the hemodynamic and cellular proliferative events characteristic of these disorders. PMID- 3494070 TI - Characterization of immunologic and neuropathologic abnormalities in wasted mice. AB - Mice bearing the autosomal recessive gene "wasted" (wst/wst) have been reported to develop low or absent secretory immune responses, abnormal DNA repair mechanisms, and uncoordinated body movements. We have performed a detailed immunologic and neuropathologic investigation of the disease. Con A and LPS mitogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes as well as total serum Ig levels were equivalent in wst/wst and undiseased control littermates (wst/+ and +/+). Amounts of serum IgM, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgA, however, were reduced in wst/wst animals. FACS analyses of Ig+ and isotype-specific B cell populations revealed similar percentages of Ig+, mu +, gamma +, and alpha + cells in wst/wst and control mice. However, the percentage of "very bright" Ig+ cells as well as "very bright" heavy and light chain-specific B cell subpopulations was increased at least 10-fold in wst/wst B cells as compared with littermate controls. In addition, studies of Ig-specific mRNA accumulation in these animals revealed significant decreases in all isotypes except gamma 3 in spleens of wst/wst mice as compared with littermate controls. Neuropathologic studies in wst/wst mice showed prominent vacuolar degeneration of neurons within anterior horns of the spinal cord and the motor nuclei of the brain stem. No abnormalities were noted in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum nor within myelin sheaths. The abnormalities in the nervous system resembled human motor neuron disease rather than ataxia telangiectasia as had been reported previously. The immunologic studies suggest that splenic B cells from wst/wst mice have a defect in the ability to "switch" from membrane to secreted Ig. In addition, this mutation provides a mechanism to study regulatory interactions between the immune and nervous systems. PMID- 3494071 TI - Anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies in vivo. I. Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity but not cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reactions. AB - As part of a study of the therapeutic potential of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies, we studied the biologic effects of 8BE6, a mouse anti-guinea pig (GP) pan-T cell monoclonal antibody, on blood and tissue T cells and on the prototypic T cell-mediated reactions, classic delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH). 8BE6 reacts to a 68,000 m.w. protein probably homologous with human CD5 (T1) and murine Lyt-1. A single dose of 1.8 to 3.4 mg 8BE6 caused lymphopenia and greater than 90% depletion of 8BE6+ peripheral T cells 1 to 72 hr later, and a significant but lesser decrease of lymphocytes reacting with another pan-T cell monoclonal antibody (p less than 0.02 at 24 hr). Free serum 8BE6 was detected for up to 48 hr after administration. Immunoperoxidase stains of tissue revealed that lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleen were coated with mouse immunoglobulin 1 hr after antibody treatment and displayed in situ capping. Subsequently, there was a loss of T cells in all tissues (spleen, lymph node, liver, and kidney) except the thymus, with normal 8BE6 antigen staining returning by 72 hr. Areas of induration of DH reactions to PPD were reduced in 8BE6-treated GP, compared with pretreatment reactions in the same GP or in control-treated GP (p less than 0.001 for both). The numbers of infiltrating T cells and fibronectin-receptor-positive macrophages were also reduced. In contrast, 8BE6 had no effect on CBH reactions, as judged by erythema and basophil counts in 1-micron sections, although fewer T cells were found in reaction sites. There were no differences in IgM, fibronectin, or Ia staining between 8BE6-treated GP and controls. In vivo administration of a single dose of anti-T cell monoclonal antibody results in a transient, highly specific depletion of T cell populations in peripheral blood and tissues except the thymus. This treatment inhibits DH but not CBH reactions by systemic and local depletion of T cells. PMID- 3494073 TI - Interleukin 1 modulates messenger RNA levels of lymphokines and of other molecules associated with T cell activation in the T cell lymphoma LBRM33-1A5. AB - We have investigated the mechanism of action of IL 1 on T cell activation. For this purpose, we analyzed the content of specific messenger RNA for lymphokines and other genes that are associated with T cell activation in the murine IL 1 dependent T cell lymphoma LBRM33-1A5. Using cloned genes for IL 2, IL 3, TGF beta, TY5, IL 2 receptor, Ly-1, c-myc, and p53 as probes in the S1 nuclease protection assay, we compared the amount of specific transcripts among total RNA prepared from unstimulated cells, IL 1 alpha or PHA-stimulated cells, and PHA plus IL 1 alpha-stimulated cells. IL 1 alpha augmented the PHA-induced accumulation of IL 2 mRNA with a magnitude comparable to the amount of IL 2 produced, suggesting that IL 1 alpha modulates IL 2 gene expression at the RNA level. Similar results were obtained with IL 3. We also observed that Ly-1 mRNA appears after PHA treatment and its accumulation was augmented by IL 1 alpha addition. On the basis of the effects of IL 1 alpha and/or PHA treatments on gene expression, we classified these genes into four groups. In all cases, IL 1 alpha seemed to affect mRNA levels quantitatively. These observations support previously described characteristics of this cytokine as a co-stimulator of T cell activation. PMID- 3494072 TI - Anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies in vivo. II. Modulation of acute and chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in guinea pigs. AB - To determine the effects of anti-T cell monoclonal antibody-induced systemic T cell depletion in neuro-autoimmune disease, we studied the in vivo effects of 8BE6, a mouse anti-guinea pig (GP) pan-T cell monoclonal antibody, on the course and immunopathology of the disease model experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in adult Strain 13 GP. Central nervous system (CNS) tissues were studied by routine histology and by an immunoperoxidase staining technique using monoclonal antibodies to T cells, IgM, and macrophages. From 3 days before to 10 days after sensitization with GP spinal cord and complete Freund's adjuvant, the GP were given one or two i.p. doses of 3.4 mg 8BE6 or MOPC 21, the parent mouse myeloma ascites, or normal saline. Eighteen of 18 control-treated GP developed typical acute, paralytic EAE 11 to 21 days after sensitization, whereas acute EAE was prevented in 33 of 49 8BE6-treated GP (67%), and the onset was delayed and disease progression was slowed in the others. Five GP treated with 8BE6 from days 11 to 14 after sensitization, at the onset of neurologic signs, rapidly deteriorated within hours after treatment and had loss of T cell staining, and lymphocytolysis in the CNS. 8BE6-treated GP which did not develop acute EAE were observed daily for up to 700 days (mean = 213 days). Twenty-nine of 39 (74%) had from one to six relapses or fixed neurologic deficits. GP in relapse were additionally treated with 8BE6 (22), MOPC-21 (5), or saline (6) in a cross-over protocol. Clinical scores were improved from days 2 to 12 after treatment (p less than 0.05), and complete recovery within 30 days occurred more frequently (p = 0.046) and more rapidly (p less than 0.01), after 8BE6 as compared with control treatments. Recoveries occurred more often if 8BE6 was given early in the relapse. Multiple treatments led to dose-dependent levels of serum antibodies to mouse immunoglobulin detected by an ELISA. There were no differences between acute and chronic EAE in numbers of inflammatory foci or numbers of macrophages and T cells in CNS infiltrates, but GP with chronic EAE had more extensive demyelination and vascular fibrosis and more numerous IgM+ B cells in parenchymal and meningeal infiltrates than in acute EAE (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3494074 TI - Human thymic epithelial cells produce interleukin 1. AB - Although the thymus plays a critical role in generation of immunocompetent T lymphocytes, the precise role of the epithelial component of the thymus in the induction of T cell proliferation and maturation remains unknown. Since interleukin 1 (IL 1) is required for mature T cell activation, we have determined whether human thymic epithelial (TE) cells produce IL 1. By using a system for longterm culture of human TE cells, we found that human TE cells produced an IL 1 like factor (TE-IL 1) that augmented the proliferation of C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin. IL 1 activity (20 to 200 U/ml) was detected in supernatants of TE cultures from all individuals (2 to 13 yr old) tested. IL 1 activity was also detected in supernatants of TE cultures from a 17-wk fetus but not from a 10-wk fetus. Production of TE-IL 1 was dependent on TE cell density and time in culture with optimal TE-IL 1 activity observed at 10(6) TE cells/ml after 48 to 72 hr of culture. With the use of high performance liquid chromatography, TE-IL 1 chromatographed as a molecule of 18,000 to 20,000 relative molecular mass, and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, TE-IL 1 migrated at 15,000 to 17,000 Mr. With the use of isoelectrofocusing gels, charge heterogeneity of TE-IL 1 was demonstrated with two major isoelectric points of 5.7 to 5.8 and 6.9 to 7.0. Polyclonal antibody to human monocyte IL 1 markedly inhibited the TE-IL 1 activity. In indirect immunofluorescence assay of frozen human thymic sections, rabbit anti-IL 1 antibody reacted with epithelial cells in human thymic cortex and medulla. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography-purified TE-IL 1 augmented human thymocyte proliferation to suboptimal concentrations of phytohemagglutinin. Thus, thymic epithelial cells are capable of providing an intrathymic source of IL 1-like cytokine (TE-IL 1), which affects thymocyte proliferation. We propose that TE-IL 1 may play an important role in intrathymic proliferation and differentiation of human thymocytes. PMID- 3494075 TI - Evidence that recombinant IL 1 alpha exhibits lectin-like specificity and binds to homogeneous uromodulin via N-linked oligosaccharides. AB - Uromodulin, a recently described immunosuppressive glycoprotein isolated from human pregnancy urine, has been shown to inhibit T cell proliferative assays dependent upon interleukin 1 (IL 1). We have also recently demonstrated that uromodulin binds specifically to IL 1. We now show that not only the biologic activity but also the binding affinity of uromodulin for recombinant IL 1 is dependent upon intact glycosylation. Furthermore, oligosaccharides isolated from pronase-digested uromodulin are immunosuppressive by themselves and are able to compete with native uromodulin for binding to IL 1. We conclude that recombinant IL 1 exhibits lectin-like specificity, and uromodulin is a biologically functional glycoprotein target of the lectin-like specificity of IL 1. PMID- 3494076 TI - In vitro evidence that carbohydrate moieties derived from uromodulin, an 85,000 dalton immunosuppressive glycoprotein isolated from human pregnancy urine, are immunosuppressive in the absence of intact protein. AB - Our laboratory recently reported the purification of a unique immunosuppressive glycoprotein isolated from human pregnancy urine (7). This glycoprotein, which we term uromodulin, has a m.w. of 85,000 as assessed on SDS-PAGE and is 30% carbohydrate. Uromodulin blocks in vitro antigen-specific T cell proliferation to recall antigens such as tetanus toxoid at concentrations as low as 100 pM. This glycoprotein also blocks the in vitro generation of spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (7, 36). Recent evidence strongly suggests that the primary action of uromodulin is to act as a specific ligand and modulator of IL 1 (10, 33). We now report additional biochemical characterization of uromodulin, and based on three independent lines of evidence, find that its immunologic activity appears to result from its glycosylation. First, measures to alter the tertiary folding of the protein backbone of uromodulin, including succinylation or reduction and carboxymethylation, fail to significantly affect its in vitro bioactivity. Second, after extensive digestion of intact uromodulin with pronase, the majority of the in vitro bioactivity can be recovered in a single carbohydrate-rich fraction. Finally, digestion with N-glycanase (N-glycosidase F-, an enzyme specific for N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides) and subsequent purification on thin layer chromatography yields a single complex oligosaccharide that appears to be responsible for the majority of the in vitro immunosuppression mediated by uromodulin. These data suggest that uromodulin displays N-linked carbohydrate sequences capable of down-regulating antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro. It has been suggested that endogenous lectins may play an important role as recognition molecules in mammalian, as well as more primitive immune systems (23, 24). Our in vitro biologic data strongly suggest that the carbohydrate portion of uromodulin is an excellent candidate to function as a potential lectin receptor. PMID- 3494078 TI - B cell surface glycoprotein induced during growth response: molecular structure and expression pattern. AB - We present the molecular characterization of a cell surface antigen, B 7.2, that is expressed on activated B lymphocytes. The BCL1 and CH12 B lymphoma cells express the B 7.2 antigen constitutively. In small resting B cells from spleen, the B 7.2 expression is induced during polyclonal growth in response to mitogenic stimulation. B 7.2 expression also occurs with a significant frequency in cells from fresh lymphoid tissues. The endogenous expression of the B 7.2 antigen is high in spleen and lymph nodes, and is undetectable in the thymus. The B 7.2 antigen is a microheterogeneous 45,000 to 50,000 dalton glycoprotein with a single polypeptide chain, intramolecular S--S bonds, and N-linked glycan moieties. The folded structure of the B 7.2 antigen appears to contain a domain with hydrophilic properties exposed on the cell surface and a hydrophobic segment that may comprise a transmembrane portion. Considering the observed expression pattern and the molecular structure, we speculate that the B 7.2 antigen has a specific function in regulation of B cell activation, perhaps as a receptor for a regulatory ligand or as a ligand recognized by other B or T cells. PMID- 3494077 TI - Augmentation of the antibody response by antigen-specific glycosylation-enhancing factor. AB - BDF1 mice were immunized with a protein antigen, such as ovalbumin (OA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), absorbed to aluminum hydroxide gel, and their spleen cells were stimulated by homologous antigen for the formation of glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF). It was found that GEF obtained from OA primed spleen cells had affinity for OA, whereas those derived from KLH-primed spleen cells had affinity for KLH. Nonspecific GEF, which was obtained by stimulation of normal spleen cells with pertussis toxin, failed to bind OA or KLH. Both antigen-specific GEF and nonspecific GEF are inactivated by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, but not by N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone. Both factors can be partially purified by binding to p-aminobenzamidine agarose and elution with benzamidine. These findings suggest that not only non specific GEF but also antigen-specific GEF are serine protease(s). The antigen specific GEF consisted of two m.w. species, of 65 to 85 kilodaltons (Kd) and 40 to 55 Kd, whereas nonspecific GEF consisted of 50 to 70 Kd and 20 to 30 Kd molecules. The OA-specific GEF augmented the in vitro secondary indirect PFC response of DNP-OA-primed cells to the homologous antigen, but failed to affect the PFC response of DNP-KLH-primed cells to DNP-KLH. Similarly, KLH-specific GEF enhanced the response of DNP-KLH-primed cells but not the response of DNP-OA primed cells. However, OA-specific GEF failed to replace the requirement for antigen-primed helper T cells. Antigen-specific GEF bound to alloantibodies reactive to the products of the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. The results collectively suggest that antigen-specific GEF is identical to antigen-specific augmenting factors described by other investigators. PMID- 3494079 TI - Identification of a lymphocyte-activating pentapeptide sequence in the Fc region of human IgG1. AB - The synthetic peptide p23, representing residues 335 to 357 in the Fc region of human IgG1, was previously shown to induce Ig secretion in murine spleen cell cultures. In this report, overlapping peptides based on the sequence of p23 were synthesized to further map the active site in this molecule. The results from these studies indicate that leu-pro-pro-ser-arg (residues 351 to 355) retained the B cell differentiation-inducing properties of p23; however, expression of activity by this sequence was markedly influenced by N-flanking sequences. By using T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures, it was determined that at least two signals are required for p23-induced Ig secretion: one supplied by p23 directly and one supplied by a T cell-replacing factor present in p23-conditioned spleen cell supernatants. Both signals were mapped into the sequence leu-pro-pro-ser arg. However, the latter signal, but not the former signal, again appeared to be influenced by sequences proximal to the active site. These data indicate that although the leu-pro-pro-ser-arg sequence is able to provide both required signals for p23-induced Ig secretion in spleen cell cultures, there may be subtle differences in how the cell types involved in this response interact with and/or are activated by this sequence. PMID- 3494080 TI - C1q inhibits the expression of B lymphoblastoid cell line interleukin 1 (IL 1). AB - Although the existence and ubiquity of the C1q receptor is well established, its role in health and disease is largely unknown. Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is the major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. In this paper we present evidence that occupancy of C1q receptors by C1q on B lymphoblastoid cell lines inhibits "IL 1-like" activity, which is constitutively produced by these cells. When 5 X 10(6) Raji cells were cultured (24 hr at 37 degrees C) in the presence or absence of various concentrations of C1q (final concentration; 5 to 50 micrograms/ml) and the cellfree supernatants were analyzed for their effect on thymocyte proliferation by using the concanavalin A co-mitogenesis assay for IL 1, a statistically significant dose dependent reduction of 3H-TdR incorporation was observed. Similar results were obtained when Daudi and Wil2WT cells were used, whereas Molt4, which is a T cell lymphoblastoid cell line, neither produced "IL 1-like" activity nor was affected by C1q. When immune complex-bound C1q was used instead of free C1q, inhibition of B cell IL 1 activity was also observed. Mixing experiments showed that Raji cells incubated with C1q released an inhibitor of IL 1-induced thymocyte proliferation. C1q alone had no effect on thymocyte proliferation in the presence or absence of human IL 1. In addition, the effect of C1q on IL 1 activity was abrogated either when the C1q was heat inactivated (56 degrees C, 60 min) or when the C1q was incubated with the cells in the presence of F(ab')2 anti-C1q. On the basis of these data, it is concluded that B cell receptor-bound C1q may play an important role in immunoregulation. PMID- 3494081 TI - Modulation of the biological activity of bacterial endotoxin by incorporation into liposomes. AB - In an attempt to define the mechanism by which endotoxin induces its biological activity, we studied the effect of the incorporation of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A into phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) on the stimulation of the macrophage cell-line RAW 264.7 and on the coagulation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate. The incorporation of Salmonella minnesota smooth-and rough (Re) lipopolysaccharide or primarily monophosphoryl lipid A into multilamellar and small unilamellar vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and cholesterol (molar ratio 4:1:4) reduced the interleukin 1 inducing potency of these substances about 1000-fold. When corrected for the actual uptake of radiolabeled free and liposome-incorporated lipopolysaccharide by the cells, this difference amounted to 100- to 1000-fold. In addition, liposome-associated Re lipopolysaccharide was about 1000-fold less potent in stimulating the Fc-receptor mediated uptake of IgG-coated sheep erythrocytes by the cells. The ability of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A to coagulate the Limulus amoebocyte lysate appeared to be at least 100-fold decreased upon incorporation into phospholipid vesicles. Control experiments demonstrated that liposomes prepared without lipopolysaccharide did not reduce the studied activities of free lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, the incorporation of lipopolysaccharide into the liposomal membrane probably prevents the interaction of the hydrophobic portion of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide with the plasma-membrane structures involved in the activation of macrophages and with the proteins of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate. This indicates that the direct interaction of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide with the macrophage plasma-membrane is required to optimally trigger the studied responses. PMID- 3494082 TI - The effects of an anti-I-Ab antibody on murine host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Infection with Listeria monocytogenes stimulates T cell proliferation and T cell derived lymphokine production. The release of lymphokines, in turn, "activates" macrophages, enhancing their bactericidal capacity. Because prior studies suggest that I-A+ accessory cells play a critical role in this pathway, we assessed the effects of an anti-I-A antibody on the murine host resistance to listerial infection. To this end, we infused Listeria into control C57BL/6 mice (I-Ab haplotype) and mice of the same strain which had been pretreated 18 hr earlier with D3137 (a monoclonal IgG2a anti-I-Ab,d antibody). Preliminary studies demonstrated that this antibody can markedly inhibit antigen-induced proliferation of Listeria-dependent T cells in vitro and (at a dose of 1 mg/animal) can markedly reduce I-A expression on splenocytes in vivo. Even though D3137 pretreatment prevented the splenomegaly normally observed after Listeria infusion into mice, it protected animals infused with otherwise lethal concentrations of Listeria. Because antibody-treated animals had sevenfold fewer organisms in their spleens 18 hr after infection and 1000-fold fewer organisms than control animals 3 days after infection, improved survival resulted from an antibody-induced increase in the bactericidal capacity of the MPS. Protection was not noted when C1.18.4 (an IgG2a myeloma protein without known antibody activity) was infused into C57BL/6 mice or when D3137 was infused in B10.BR (I-Ak) mice. D3137 also protected (B10 X B10.BR)F1 mice (which are hybrids bearing I-Ab and I Ak), suggesting that complete blockade of antigen presentation is not a prerequisite for its protective action. Further studies into the mechanism for these effects may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of MPS activation in response to immunologic challenge. PMID- 3494083 TI - Cytochalasin induces an increase in cytosolic free calcium in murine B lymphocytes. AB - Cytochalasin promotes the progression of anti-immunoglobulin-treated B lymphocytes to S phase. However, the intracellular events induced by cytochalasin which may mediate signaling for progression have not been elucidated. In this study, the effect of cytochalasin on the level of intracellular free calcium in murine splenic B lymphocytes was assessed by using the fluorescent calcium indicator Indo-1. Cytochalasins A, B, D, and E induced a rapid and sustained elevation of intracellular free calcium. The calcium response to cytochalasin derived largely from the influx of extracellular calcium, although a small, transient elevation in intracellular calcium persisted when the suspension medium was made calcium-free with EGTA, implicating an intracellular source for a portion of the calcium response. Single cell fluorescence studies revealed that cytochalasin elicited a calcium response in most splenic B cells in suspension, indicating that this phenomenon is not restricted to a subpopulation of responding B cells. Phorbol esters inhibited the B cell calcium response to cytochalasin, and an established response to cytochalasin was rapidly and completely reversed by subsequently administered phorbol ester. T cells that lack the cytochalasin pathway showed a markedly diminished calcium response that was only apparent at higher cytochalasin concentration. However, B cells from xid defective [CBA/N X DBA/2]F1 males, which fail to respond to anti-immunoglobulin plus cytochalasin, showed a calcium response to cytochalasin similar to that of phenotypically normal F1 females. These data, along with the finding that the rise in intracellular calcium occurred in naive B cells as well as B cells previously treated with anti-immunoglobulin, suggest that there is no clear association between the calcium response induced by cytochalasin and the ability of cytochalasin to stimulate progression to S phase. However, this effect of cytochalasin may suggest a connection between actin filaments and calcium influx in B cells. PMID- 3494084 TI - Induction of NK cell activity against fresh human leukemia in culture with interleukin 2. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in defense against malignancies, especially leukemia. Because patients with leukemia and preleukemic disorders manifest low NK activity, it is possible that NK cell impairment may contribute to leukemogenesis. In view of this possibility, it was important to characterize the NK cell defect of leukemic patients and to design new approaches for its correction. Analysis of the mechanism of NK cell defect demonstrated that NK cells of leukemic patients were impaired in their tumor-binding and lytic activity and did not display ability to recycle or to produce cytotoxic factor. However, deficient NK activity could be corrected by culture of peripheral blood effector cells with IL 2. IL 2-activated NK cells manifested restoration of all measured parameters of the cytotoxic mechanism, as exemplified by normalized tumor-binding and lytic activity, as well as the rate of lysis and ability to recycle. Importantly, such in vitro stimulated cytotoxic cells displayed reactivity against fresh leukemic cells of autologous as well as allogeneic origin. Another interesting observation from these studies was that the NK activity was also induced in the leukemic bone marrow, a tissue with a very low frequency of cytotoxic NK cells. It is important to note that cultured NK cells did not represent a stationary cell population, but proliferated in vitro quite actively (doubling time 3 to 6 days) for at least 5 wk. Characterization of the in vitro generated cytotoxic cells indicated that these cells displayed large granular lymphocyte morphology and CD16 and Leu-19 cell surface phenotype. Our data demonstrate that the NK cell defect of leukemic patients is not a permanent phenomenon, but can be reversed in culture with IL 2, and that fully cytotoxic NK cells can be maintained and expanded in vitro. Thus, it is reasonable to suggest that adoptive transfer of autologous NK cells to the patients may represent a promising new therapy for treatment of leukemia. PMID- 3494085 TI - Differential bioassay of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4. AB - The T cell-derived lymphokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4, originally BSF-1) both exhibit T cell growth-promoting activity. Recent observations that T cell lines commonly used as indicator cells in IL-2 bioassays also proliferate in response to IL-4 demonstrate the lack of specificity of these bioassays for IL-2. In this report we describe a bioassay method to differentiate IL-2 and IL-4 through the parallel use of two T cell lines with defined lymphokine specificity. The IL-2-responsive CT6 cell line, when used in conjunction with the IL-2- and IL-4-responsive HT-2 cell line, allows for the differentiation of IL-2 and IL-4 in conditioned media. PMID- 3494086 TI - Equine T lymphocytes express MHC class II antigens. AB - Six anti-HLA class II mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used in conjunction with a rat monoclonal antibody raised against horse lymphocytes to define class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the horse. By utilizing an ELISA assay and complement dependent lymphocytotoxicity assay, five out of the six anti-HLA class II antibodies and the rat anti-horse monoclonal antibody were found to react with a high percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Flow cytometry demonstrated a variable antigen density on peripheral blood lymphocytes and clear evidence for expression by lymphocytes that carried no detectable surface immunoglobulin. None of the antibodies reacted with equine platelets. The mAbs immunoprecipitated an antigenic complex of Mr 29,000-33,000 from horse lymphocytes. It appears that the distribution of MHC class II antigens in the horse is different from that in man but is similar to that in the dog, since MHC class II antigens are expressed on resting peripheral blood lymphocytes which lack membrane-bound immunoglobulins. Correlations between the distribution of MHC class II antigens on lymphocyte subpopulations and their role in immunological phenomena may contribute to our understanding of the functional properties of these molecules. PMID- 3494087 TI - Apoptosis in wool follicles during mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF)-induced catagen regression. AB - Depilatory infusions of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) induced regressive involution (catagen) in the wool follicles of Merino sheep. The follicles were examined by transmission electron microscopy prior to infusion and at intervals during catagen regression in order to determine the mechanism(s) involved in follicle involution. Cell deletion by apoptosis occurred in all cell types in the proximal region of catagen follicles between 12 h and 6 days after the beginning of infusion. Apoptosis also occurred in the basal layer of involuting sebaceous glands at 2 and 3 days, following earlier mEGF-induced proliferation. This process involved nuclear chromatin condensation and margination in single, scattered cells which subsequently fragmented and were ultimately phagocytosed and degraded by adjacent unaffected cells. It was concluded that during mEGF induced catagen, wool follicle involution was accomplished largely through cell death and deletion by apoptosis. PMID- 3494088 TI - Oral antimicrobial therapy for adults with osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. AB - We conducted a retrospective review of 21 adult patients with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis who were treated with high doses of oral antimicrobial agents, usually after an initial course of intravenous therapy. The mean duration of parenteral and oral therapy was 3.6 days and 43.0 days, respectively. Absorption of oral antibiotics was assessed by determining the trough serum bactericidal titers for the infecting organism; whenever feasible, the dosages were adjusted to achieve trough titers greater than or equal to 1:8. The follow-up period ranged from six to 66 months (mean, 42.4 months). Eighteen of 21 patients had no clinical signs of recurrence after initial therapy. One patient with an infected joint prosthesis developed recurrent infection, and two patients had recurrences accompanied by sequestra. The mean duration of hospitalization was 13.4 days, and the mean duration of outpatient treatment was 31.9 days. PMID- 3494089 TI - [The effect of peripheral blood monocytes on cell-mediated immunity in pregnant women]. AB - The status of autoimmune diseases and viral infections is known to change during and after pregnancy. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in pregnant women is thought to be involved. Recently, macrophages and monocytes (M phi) were reported to play an important role in CMI. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of peripheral blood M phi on CMI in pregnant women. First, the ratio of M phi to lymphocytes and the absolute number of M phi were calculated during pregnancy. They increased during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Next, the effect of M phi on CMI in pregnant women was studied in terms of the ability of M phi to obtain access to T cells. This decreased slightly during the 1st trimester, increased significantly during the 3rd trimester (p less than 0.01) and returned to normal after delivery. It was found that serum from pregnant women in the 3rd trimester was able to enhance the accessory ability of M phi. Of the various hormones which show the wide fluctuations in concentration in the serum during pregnancy, estrogen increased the accessory ability by 41%, while cortisol decreased it by 40%. In conclusion, M phi were found to influence the CMI in pregnant women and pregnant serum, and especially the hormones such as estrogen and cortisol included in it, were also found to relate to M phi function. PMID- 3494090 TI - [A study of intrapartum and postpartum bleeding based on changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis during pregnancy]. AB - The relationship between changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis during pregnancy and intrapartum-postpartum bleeding was studied as a trial prediction of abnormal bleeding during vaginal delivery in 27 subjects without any complications. The following results were obtained: In the third trimester, shortening of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, increases in fibrinogen, platelet epinephrine, collagen aggregation, and plasminogen, and a decrease in alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor were marked as compared with those in the first trimester. In the same subjects, the relationship between changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the first and third trimesters and intrapartum-postpartum bleeding was studied by the independent matched pair test. There were significant correlations (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.001) between prothrombin time (r = -0.68862) and activated partial thromboplastin time (r = -0.77027). In the subjects whose prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in the third trimester were shorter than those in the first trimester, intrapartum and postpartum bleeding increased. The subjects whose prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in the third trimester were less by more than 0.52 seconds and more than 3.98 seconds, respectively, than those in the first trimester experienced abnormal bleeding exceeding 500 ml during delivery. In the intrapartum and postpartum bleeding group, shortening of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, decreases in fibrinogen and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and an increase in platelet aggregation were more significantly observed than in the intrapartum and postpartum normal bleeding groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494091 TI - [Marginal periodontitis and the immune system. 1. Analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in periodontitis patients and normal subjects]. PMID- 3494093 TI - Treatment of trigger points with microamperage transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)--(the Electro-Acuscope 80) PMID- 3494092 TI - [A case of chronic sensory neuropathy with immunological abnormalities]. PMID- 3494094 TI - Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Effects on hematopoiesis in normal and cyclophosphamide-treated primates. AB - We examined the in vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in primates (cynomolgus monkeys) treated with subcutaneous doses of rhG-CSF for 14-28 d. A dose-dependent increase in the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) was seen, reaching a plateau after 1 wk of rhG CSF treatment. The elevation of WBC was due to an increase in the absolute neutrophil count. These results demonstrate that rhG-CSF is a potent granulopoietic growth and differentiation factor in vivo. In cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced myelosuppression, rhG-CSF was able to shorten the time period of WBC recovery in two treated monkeys to 1 wk, as compared to more than 4 wk for the control monkey. Its ability to significantly shorten the period of chemotherapy induced bone marrow hypoplasia may allow clinicians to increase the frequency or dosage of chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the increase in absolute numbers of functionally active neutrophils may have a profound effect in the rate and severity of neutropenia-related sepsis. Furthermore, the activities reported here indicate a potential role for rhG-CSF in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, congenital agranulocytosis, radiation-induced myelosuppression, and bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3494095 TI - Development of B lymphocytes in mice heterozygous for the X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mutation. xid inhibits development of all splenic and lymph node B cells at a stage subsequent to their initial formation in bone marrow. AB - CBA/N mice were crossed with CBA/Ca-Pgk-1a to produce female F1 hybrids that were heterozygous for both xid and the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK-1) allozymes. PGK acted as a quantifiable marker for the frequency of cells in which the xid bearing X chromosome was active in lymphocytic and other cell populations. In adults, such cells (termed xid cells) were virtually absent in FACS-sorted splenic and lymph node B cells, and in all three splenic subpopulations distinguished on the basis of their relative expression of membrane mu and delta chains. Thus, the xid mutation appeared to compromise the development of all B cells. Erythrocytes, thymocytes, T cells, and granulocytes were unaffected. Selection against xid cells was less pronounced in the spleens of 2-6-wk-old mice. In the bone marrow, there was evidence for selection against xid in the production of B cells (except at 2 wk of age), but not at the pre-B cell level. These data suggest that, in competition with normal non-xid cells, newly-formed xid B cells were less likely to be incorporated into the peripheral B cell pool. PMID- 3494097 TI - Isoelectric focusing of Pi subtypes in bloodstains. PMID- 3494098 TI - [Endogenous uveitis and ankylosing spondylitis in the Chinese]. PMID- 3494096 TI - Variable region sequences of murine IgM anti-IgG monoclonal autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors). II. Comparison of hybridomas derived by lipopolysaccharide stimulation and secondary protein immunization. AB - We have obtained the complete variable region mRNA sequences of 11 LPS-derived and 14 secondary immunization-derived monoclonal IgM anti-IgG antibodies (rheumatoid factors, RFs). A comparative analysis of these sequences showed that monoclonal RFs derived after polyclonal activation are structurally very similar to RFs derived after secondary protein immunization. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential relationship between two previously described phenomena: (a) during a secondary response to a protein antigen, RF is produced in quantities that equal or exceed the immunogen-specific antibody; and (b) the frequency of B cells that make RF after polyclonal activation is quite high; 3 10%. It has been unclear whether LPS-stimulated cells that produce IgM anti-IgG that is detected by an in vitro assay are related to the cells that produce RF after in vivo stimulation. The similarity of the antigen receptors found in the two types of RF, however, suggests that most or all of the RF-producing B cells detected after LPS stimulation would also be stimulated during the secondary immune response. Thus, the presence of relatively large number of B cells that can make RF after nonspecific stimulation provides an explanation for the magnitude of RF production accompanying the secondary immune response. PMID- 3494099 TI - Intrinsic optical and passive electrical properties of cut frog twitch fibers. AB - This article describes a new apparatus for making simultaneous optical measurements on single muscle fibers at three different wavelengths and two planes of linear polarization. There are two modes of operation: mode 1 measures the individual absorbances of light linearly polarized along and perpendicular to the fiber axis, and mode 2 measures retardation (or birefringence) and the average of the two absorbance components. Although some intact frog twitch fibers were studied, most experiments used cut fibers (Hille, B., and D. T. Campbell. 1976. Journal of General Physiology. 67:265-293) mounted in a double-Vaseline-gap chamber (Kovacs, L., E. Rios, and M. F. Schneider. 1983. Journal of Physiology. 343:161-196). The end-pool segments were usually exposed for 2 min to 0.01% saponin. This procedure, used in subsequent experiments to make the external membranes in the end pools permeable to Ca indicators (Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, G. Boyarsky, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:145-176; Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:41-143), was routinely employed so that all our cut fiber results would be comparable. A simple method, which does not require microelectrodes, allowed continual estimation of a fiber's membrane (rm) and internal longitudinal (ri) resistances as well as the external resistance (re) under the Vaseline seals. The values of rm and ri obtained from cut fibers with this method agree reasonably well with values obtained from intact fibers using microelectrode techniques. Optical measurements were made on resting and action potential-stimulated fibers. The intrinsic fiber absorbance, defined operationally as log10 of the ratio of incident light to transmitted light intensity, was similar in intact and cut preparations, as were the changes that accompanied stimulation. On the other hand, the resting birefringence and the peak of the active change in cut fibers were, respectively, only 0.8 and 0.7 times the corresponding values in intact fibers. Both the amplitude and the half width of the active retardation signal increased considerably during the time course of cut fiber experiments; a twofold increase in 2 h was not unusual. Such changes are probably due to a progressive alteration in the internal state of the cut fibers. PMID- 3494100 TI - Calcium signals recorded from cut frog twitch fibers containing tetramethylmurexide. AB - The Ca indicator tetramethylmurexide was introduced into cut fibers, mounted in a double-Vaseline-gap chamber, by diffusion from the end-pool solutions. The indicator diffused rapidly to the central region of a fiber where optical recording was done and, if removed, diffused away equally fast. The time course of concentration suggests that, on average, a fraction 0.27 of indicator was reversibly bound to myoplasmic constituents and the free diffusion constant was 1.75 x 10(-6) cm2/s at 18 degrees C. The shape of the resting absorbance spectrum suggests that a fraction 0.11-0.15 of tetramethylmurexide inside a fiber was complexed with Ca. After action potential stimulation, there was a rapid transient change in indicator absorbance followed by a maintained change of opposite sign. The wavelength dependence of both changes matched a cuvette Ca difference spectrum. The amplitude of the early peak varied linearly with indicator concentration and corresponded to an average rise in free [Ca] of 17 microM. These rather diverse findings can be explained if the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes are permeable to Ca-free indicator. Both Ca-free and Ca complexed indicator inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum would appear to be bound by diffusion analysis and the Ca-complexed form would be detected by the resting absorbance spectrum. The transient change in indicator absorbance would be produced by myoplasmic Ca reacting with indicator molecules that freely diffuse in myoplasmic solution. The maintained signal, which reports Ca dissociating from indicator complexed at rest, would come from changes within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A method, based on these ideas, is described for separating the two components of the tetramethylmurexide signal. The estimated myoplasmic free [Ca] transient has an average peak value of 26 microM at 18 degrees C. Its time course is similar to, but possibly faster than, that recorded with antipyrylazo III (Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:83-143). PMID- 3494101 TI - Comparison of arsenazo III optical signals in intact and cut frog twitch fibers. AB - The Ca indicator arsenazo III was introduced into cut frog twitch fibers by diffusion from end-pool segments rendered permeable by saponin. After 2-3 h, the arsenazo III concentration at the optical recording site in the center of a fiber reached two to three times that in the end-pool solutions. Thus, arsenazo III was bound to or taken up by intracellular constituents. The time course of indicator appearance was fitted by equations for diffusion plus linear reversible binding; on average, 0.73 of the indicator was bound and the free diffusion constant was 0.86 x 10(-6) cm2/s at 18 degrees C. When the indicator was removed from the end pools, it failed to diffuse away from the optical site as rapidly as it had diffused in. The wavelength dependence of resting arsenazo III absorbance was the same in cut fibers and injected intact fibers. After action potential stimulation, the active Ca and dichroic signals were similar in the two preparations, which indicates that arsenazo III undergoes the same changes in absorbance and orientation in both cut and intact fibers. Ca transients in freshly prepared cut fibers appeared to be similar to those in intact fibers. As a cut fiber experiment progressed, however, the Ca signal changed. With action potential stimulation, the half-width of the signal gradually increased, regardless of whether the indicator concentration was increasing or decreasing. This increase was usually not accompanied by any change in the amplitude of the Ca signal at a given indicator concentration or by any obvious deterioration in the electrical condition of the fiber. In voltage-clamp experiments near threshold, the relation between peak [Ca] and voltage usually became less steep with time and shifted to more negative potentials. All these changes were also observed in cut fibers containing antipyrylazo III (Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:83-143). They are considered to represent a progressive change in the physiological state of a cut fiber during the time course of an experiment. PMID- 3494103 TI - Treatment outcome of obstructive sleep apnea. Physiological and neuropsychological concomitants. AB - This study examines the cognitive and emotional changes associated with successful surgical treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). By comparing the OSA patients with patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery before (2 weeks) and after (3 months) surgical intervention on a comprehensive psychological battery, it was determined that both groups exhibited anxiety and depression before surgery and these elevations (MMPI) were significantly lower after surgery. However, no differences were found between groups on any emotional or cognitive variable before or after surgical treatment. PMID- 3494102 TI - Calcium signals recorded from cut frog twitch fibers containing antipyrylazo III. AB - The Ca indicator antipyrylazo III was introduced into cut frog twitch fibers by diffusion (Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:41-81). Like arsenazo III, antipyrylazo III was largely bound to or sequestered by intracellular constituents; on average, a fraction 0.68 was so immobilized. After action potential stimulation, there was an early change in absorbance, with a wavelength dependence that nearly matched a cuvette Ca-difference spectrum. As with arsenazo III, this signal became prolonged as experiments progressed. In a freshly prepared cut fiber containing 0.3 mM indicator, the absorbance change had an average half-width of 10 ms at 18 degrees C. The peak amplitude of this Ca signal depended on the indicator concentration in a roughly parabolic manner, which is consistent with a 1:2 stoichiometry for Ca:indicator complexation and, for indicator concentrations less than or equal to 0.4 mM, constant peak free [Ca]. If all the antipyrylazo III inside a fiber can react normally with Ca, peak free [Ca] is 3 microM at 18 degrees C. If only freely diffusible indicator can react, the estimate is 42 microM. The true amplitude probably lies somewhere in between. The time course of Ca binding to intracellular buffers and of Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is estimated from the 3- and 42-microM myoplasmic [Ca] transients. After action potential stimulation, the release waveform is rapid and brief; its latency after the surface action potential is 2-3 ms and its half-width is 2-4 ms. This requires rapid coupling between the action potential in the transverse tubular system and Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The peak fractional occupancy calculated for Ca-regulatory sites on troponin is 0.46 for the 3-microM transient and 0.93 for the 42-microM transient. During a 100-ms tetanus at 100 Hz, the corresponding fractional occupancies are 0.56 and 0.94. The low value of occupancy associated with the low-amplitude [Ca] calibration seems inconsistent with a brief tetanus being able to produce near-maximal activation (Blinks, J. R., R. Rudel, and S. R. Taylor. 1978. Journal of Physiology. 277:291-323; Lopez J. R., L. A. Wanck, and S. R. Taylor. 1981. Science. 214:47-82). PMID- 3494104 TI - Modulation of bradykinin-induced inositol trisphosphate release in a novel neuroblastoma x dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron cell line (F-11). AB - In the mouse neuroblastoma x dorsal root ganglion hybrid cell line F-11, bradykinin receptor stimulation induced the release of inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) and inositol-1,4-bisphosphate (IP2). Maximal stimulation of [2-3H]IP3 and [2-3H]IP2 release by bradykinin in the absence of LiCl occurred at 7 (or less) and 15 s, respectively, with average levels of 5.7-(IP3) and 3.4 (IP2) fold of control values. The EC50 for bradykinin was 33 +/- 5 nM. IP3 and IP2 concentrations returned to basal levels approximately 1 min after bradykinin addition. Bradykinin-induced IP3 release was blocked by several novel bradykinin analogues. In particular, [D-Arg0]-Hyp3-Thi5,8-[D-Phe7]-bradykinin [Hyp, hydroxyproline; Thi, beta-(2-thienyl)-L-alanine] blocked IP3 production in a dose dependent fashion. Several of these analogues alone showed little or no agonist activity. The bradykinin receptor may be coupled to phospholipase C via a GTP sensitive protein (Gi or Go), as preincubation for 18-20 h with pertussis toxin decreased IP3 concentrations by 45%. Bradykinin is also known to modulate the concentrations of other second messengers in neurons, increasing the concentrations of Ca2+, diacylglycerol (DG), and cyclic GMP and decreasing the concentration of cyclic AMP. These second messengers modulated bradykinin dependent IP3 release to varying degrees. A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, produced a 37% decrease in IP3 concentration. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which mimics the effects of DG and activates protein kinase C, inhibited IP3 release by 80%. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP produced little or no inhibition of IP3. [D-Ala2,D Leu5]Enkephalin (DADLE), an opioid peptide that decreases cyclic AMP concentrations, likewise had no effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494105 TI - Cerebral metabolism, anatomy, and cognition in monozygotic twins discordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - One pair of monozygotic twins discordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) was studied using neuropsychological testing, quantitative x-ray computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2 [18-F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). The affected twin had a seven year history of progressive cognitive impairment and was severely demented. Neuropsychological testing of the affected twin demonstrated marked deficits in all areas of cognitive function. The asymptomatic twin showed some impairment on tests of perceptual organisation and delayed recall. The affected twin had loss of gray matter and ventricular enlargement on QCT and MRI compared with healthy controls (p less than 0.05). He also had frontal and parietal lobe hypometabolism and increased asymmetry of metabolism on PET compared to both his twin and healthy age-matched controls (p less than 0.05). PET, QCT, and MRI distinguished changes in the twin with DAT compared with his brother and healthy controls. Although the subtle neuropsychological abnormalities of the asymptomatic twin may be signs of early DAT, they were not accompanied by any changes in regional cerebral metabolism or brain structure. PMID- 3494106 TI - Preliminary study on the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat with spirogermanium. AB - Spirogermanium (SG) is an azaspirane compound that incorporates the element germanium into a heterocyclic ring structure. It is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials as an anti-neoplastic agent and, in experimental animals, has suppressed adjuvant arthritis. In this study, SG suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Suppression was a dose-dependent phenomenon and doses of 28 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg given intraperitoneally five through 14 days postinoculation gave significant protection. Perivascular inflammation in the central nervous system was also suppressed in animals receiving effective doses. Although these doses were well tolerated, cytoplasmic lamellar-bodies were found in the central nervous system of all SG-treated animals. Also, animals treated with SG developed diarrhea and weight loss, although histologic study of the gastrointestinal tract revealed no lesions. PMID- 3494107 TI - Retinotopic organization of human visual cortex mapped with positron-emission tomography. AB - The retinotopic organization of primary visual cortex was mapped in normal human volunteers. Positron-emission tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were employed to detect focal functional brain activation. Oxygen-15-labeled water, delivered by intravenous bolus, was used as the blood flow tracer to allow multiple stimulated-state (n = 5) and control-state (n = 3) measurements to be acquired for each of 7 subjects. Responses were identified by applying a maximum detection algorithm to subtraction-format images of the stimulus-induced change in cerebral blood flow. Response locales were described using a standardized system of stereotactic coordinates. Changes in stimulus location (macular, perimacular, peripheral, upper-field, lower-field) caused systematic, highly significant changes in response locale within visual cortex. Discrete extrastriate visual responses were also observed. PMID- 3494108 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy of human meningeal gliomatosis and carcinomatosis with LAK cells and recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that peripheral blood lymphocytes activated with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) generated cells that were lytic for fresh autologous tumor cells but not for normal lymphocytes or lymphoblasts. Adoptive transfer of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced in vitro with rIL-2 was used in two patients: one with meningeal gliomatosis and the other with meningeal carcinomatosis. The adoptive transfer of LAK cells was very effective in reducing the clinical symptoms and signs, and in eliminating the malignant cells from the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, this therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of malignant tumors that have poor immunogenicity and are insensitive to several anti-cancer agents, and for patients with severe immunosuppressive conditions induced by repeated radiation therapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 3494109 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of cerebral revascularization. AB - Pre- and postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in six patients undergoing extracranial to intracranial bypass procedures for the treatment of symptomatic extracranial carotid occlusion. The six patients were all men, aged 52 to 68 years. Their symptoms included transient ischemic attacks (five cases), amaurosis fugax (two cases), and completed stroke with good recovery (one case). Positron emission tomography was performed within 4 weeks prior to surgery and between 3 to 6 months postoperatively, using oxygen-15 labeled CO, O2, and CO2 and fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose (CMRO2 and CMRGlu), and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) were measured in both hemispheres. Preoperatively, compared to five elderly control subjects, patients had increased CBV, a decreased CBF/CBV ratio, and decreased CMRO2, indicating reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and depressed oxygen metabolism. The CBF was decreased in only one patient who had bilateral carotid occlusions; the OEF, CMRGlu, and CMRO2/CMRGlu and CMRGlu/CBF ratios were not significantly different from control measurements. All bypasses were patent and all patients were asymptomatic following surgery. Postoperative PET revealed decreased CBV and an increased CBF/CBV ratio, indicating improved hemodynamic function and oxygen hypometabolism. This was associated with increased CMRO2 in two patients in whom the postoperative OEF was also increased. The CMRGlu and CMRGlu/CBF ratio were increased in five patients. Changes in CBF and the CMRO2/CMRGlu ratio were variable. One patient with preoperative progressive mental deterioration, documented by serial neuropsychological testing and decreasing CBF and CMRO2, had improved postoperative CBF and CMRO2 concomitant with improved neuropsychological functioning. It is concluded that symptomatic carotid occlusion is associated with altered hemodynamic function and oxygen hypometabolism. Cerebral revascularization results in decreased CBV, indicating improved hemodynamic reserve, but does not consistently improve oxygen metabolism. PMID- 3494110 TI - Growth retardation induced in rat fetuses by maternal fasting and massive doses of ergocalciferol. AB - The present study was conducted in Wistar rat fetuses to investigate the growth retardation induced by maternal fasting and/or massive doses of ergocalciferol during the third trimester of pregnancy. Growth indices examined in 21-d fetuses were body weight and ossification of sacrococcygeal vertebrae, supraoccipital bone, sternebrae and proximal phalanges in the forepaw stained by alizarin red S. Growth retardation was expressed in hours by comparison with the normal standard development, or in sigma by calculating the relative difference from the control, utilizing the standard variance in normal fetuses. Degrees of growth retardation expressed in the common scales were different among the indices and between fasting and massive doses of ergocalciferol; body weight and ossification of sacrococcygeal vertebrae were most severely retarded by fasting and least by ergocalciferol. Ossification of sternebrae was moderately retarded by fasting and by ergocalciferol, and ossification of supraoccipital bone was moderately retarded by fasting but not by ergocalciferol. Ossification of proximal phalanges in the forepaw was least retarded by fasting and most severely retarded by ergocalciferol. The observed retardations were progressions relatable to the duration of fasting. Combined treatments of fasting and ergocalciferol showed more deleterious effects on growth than fasting only or ergocalciferol only and induced face anomalies, "carnival fetuses." These findings show that growth retardations induced by different nutritional disturbances may vary among indices and that comparisons of various indices are important in the analysis of teratological experiments. PMID- 3494112 TI - Effect of growth hormone therapy on immune function. PMID- 3494111 TI - Lack of evidence for existence of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D sulfates in human breast and cow's milk. AB - The presence of water-soluble vitamin D and 25-OH-D sulfates in human breast and cow's milk was studied. We first confirmed that synthetic vitamin D2 and D3 sulfates could not be hydrolyzed by alkali but by acid. Breast or cow's milk was separated into milk whey containing water-soluble components and milk curd containing crude proteins and lipophilic components. The separated milk whey and curd were hydrolyzed by acid or alkali and each lipid extract was subjected to HPLC analysis. Neither peak due to vitamin D and 25-OH-D was observed in the chromatograms of acid- and alkali-hydrolyzed milk whey, whereas the peaks due to vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 were found in the chromatograms of both acid- and alkali hydrolyzed milk curd and there was no significant difference between the respective peak heights. The eluates corresponding to the respective peaks observed on the latter's chromatograms were collected and subjected to UV, HPLC, GC-MS and GLC to identify the existence of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3, respectively. We concluded from these results that neither breast nor cow's milk contained water-soluble vitamin D and 25-OH-D sulfates, whereas they contained fat-soluble vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3. The concentrations of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 in breast milk were about 125 and 350 ng/liter, while those in cow's milk were about 420 and 270 ng/liter, respectively. The experiments on the transfer of 3H-D3 and 3H 25-OH-D3 perorally dosed to lactating rats into suckling pups through their milk also supported the above conclusion. PMID- 3494114 TI - In situ demonstration of natural killer (NK) cells in human gingival tissue. AB - Recent studies have raised the possibility that natural killer (NK) cell activity may play a role in tissue destruction in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). This study aimed to locate and identify these cells in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. Leu 4, Leu 7, and Leu 11 monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize lesions of CIPD and to identify NK cells. Gingival tissue from three patient groups was examined. Group 1 subjects participated in a 21-day experimental gingivitis study. Group 2 subjects were children aged less than 8 years who had gingivitis associated with deciduous teeth. Group 3 consisted of patients with CIPD undergoing periodontal surgery. In group 1, NK cells were absent in health (Day 0) and gradually increased in number with increasing inflammation up to Day 21. The number and distribution of NK cells in Group 2 subjects resembled those seen after a 21-day experimental gingivitis study. In Group 3 subjects, lesions of CIPD which contained greater than 90% Leu 4+ cells ("T cell" lesions) contained few Leu 7+ cells and no Leu 11+ cells. The greatest number of NK cells were found in the "B cell" lesions (less than 60% Leu 4+ cells). The absence of NK cells in gingival health and their presence in diseased gingiva suggests that these cells are involved in the immune response to the accumulation of plaque. PMID- 3494113 TI - Epidemiology of retinal detachment in childhood and adolescence. AB - The prevalence of retinal detachment during childhood and adolescence was studied in 45,000 recruits aged 17 to 19 years. History of retinal detachment was found in 13 cases (0.028%); 61.5% of these had traumatic retinal detachment, and 23.1% had high myopia without history of trauma. The age-related annual incidence of retinal detachment in patients aged ten to 19 years was calculated to be 2.9 per 100,000. The prevalence among the males was 3.7 per 10,000 and among the females 1.6 per 10,000. The difference between the sexes was not statistically significant. PMID- 3494116 TI - Adult intussusception in Trinidad. PMID- 3494115 TI - Relationships of serum opsonins and complement in human experimental gingivitis. AB - This study assessed the phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the opsonic capacity of serum in experimental human gingivitis. Relationships were sought among these two measurements, clinical indices of gingivitis and complement-related opsonins. Measurements of chemiluminescence provided an index of phagocytosis and of opsonic capacity. Test group Plaque Index scores were higher than the control group on Days 7, 14, and 21, while the Gingival Index of the test group was elevated only on Day 21. Phagocytosis of test subjects' PMNs and opsonic capacity of their sera were no different from that of the controls'. Levels of C3 in both nonactivated and activated sera of the test group were significantly lower than that of the control group only on Day 14. In the test group, differences of per cent C3 conversion occurred between Days 14 and 21, and Plaque Index scores were inversely correlated with the order of per cent C3 data on these same days. Our results also indicate that complement contributes significantly to the serum opsonic capacity. The levels of developing plaque and subsequent gingival inflammation are apparently related to the degree of complement activation. PMID- 3494117 TI - Bleeding gastric varices due to splenic vein thrombosis associated with polycythaemia. PMID- 3494118 TI - Severin intraocular lens. Report of 100 planned insertions after intracapsular cataract extraction. AB - 100 consecutive planned Severin intraocular lens insertions following intracapsular cataract extraction are reviewed. Surgical technique, results and complications, including aborted insertions are discussed. The types of patient treated at this military hospital are detailed. PMID- 3494119 TI - Repetitive strain syndrome: an Australian experience. PMID- 3494120 TI - Increased expression of Epstein-Barr virus receptor on lymphoblastoid cell lines from subsets of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied the expression of Epstein-Barr virus receptor (EBVR/CR2) on lymphoblastoid cell (LCL) lines established from 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the T cell suppression of IgM secretion by EBV activated B cells. Ten patients had normal T cell suppression of IgM secretion, whereas 13 patients had defective suppressor T cell function. EBVR expression on LCL was assessed using a rabbit anti-gp 140 IgG; Raji cells, used as reference cell line expressed 50,000 EBVR, a 140 k glycoprotein (gp 140). Patients with defective T cell suppression of IgM secretion by EBV activated B cells had a significantly higher EBVR expression on LCL than patients with normal T cell suppression (mean +/- SD; 50.8 +/- 23.8 vs 29.5 +/- 13.2, respectively; p less than 0.05). These data suggest a relationship between the T cell suppression defect and an increased EBVR expression on LCL from patients with RA. PMID- 3494121 TI - Genetic susceptibility to scleroderma-like syndrome in symptomatic and asymptomatic workers exposed to vinyl chloride. AB - We have previously reported a genetic susceptibility to a scleroderma-like disorder in a group of workers exposed to polyvinyl chloride and this susceptibility could be mapped to the major histocompatibility complex area of the 6th chromosome. To date no genetic studies have been reported comparing affected with unaffected workers. We report such data and discuss it in the light of our previous findings in vinyl chloride exposed patients and in patients with classical scleroderma. Our results suggest that susceptibility to this disorder is increased in the presence of HLA-DR5 or of a gene in linkage disequilibrium with it and an antigen associated with the haplotype A1 B8, while DR3 favours progression of the disease. PMID- 3494122 TI - Polyarticular septic arthritis. AB - Seven adult patients with nongonococcal polyarticular septic arthritis are presented with a literature review of the clinical features of polyarticular bacterial infection. Polyarticular septic arthritis occurred in 19% of reported cases of septic arthritis in adults. Similar to monoarticular disease, the knee was the most commonly affected joint, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism. Pneumococcus, group G streptococcus, and Hemophilus influenzae had an increased association with polyarticular infection. Five of our 7 patients had underlying rheumatic diseases and the immediate mortality rate was 57%. Review of the literature yielded an overall mortality of 23% for polyarticular septic arthritis compared to the 9% mortality of septic arthritis in general. The subset of patients with polyarticular infection superimposed on rheumatoid arthritis had a mortality rate of 56%. PMID- 3494123 TI - Management of acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a surgical unit over a 4-year period. AB - Over a 4-year period 107 patients, 5% of all emergency admissions, were admitted to one surgical unit with significant lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage (requiring more than a 2-unit transfusion of blood). Twenty-three individuals required more than 3 units of blood, and 7 life-saving surgery. All subjects undergoing surgery required more than 3 units of blood in the first 24 hours of admission. Arteriography was diagnostic in 5 of the 9 subjects in whom it was performed. Arteriography was positive if performed in the first 24 hours of admission. A flow chart of the management of patients with lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage is presented. PMID- 3494124 TI - Analogues and derivatives of tenoxicam. 1. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of analogues with different residues on the ring nitrogen and the amide nitrogen. AB - The synthesis of tenoxicam, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-thieno[2,3-e]-1,2 thiazine-3-carboxami de 1,1-dioxide (1e), and of the analogues with various residues on the ring nitrogen and the amide nitrogen is described. This new class of "oxicams" has pronounced antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. The very specific structure-activity relationship of isomeric and isosteric groups at the amide nitrogen has been evaluated. The substituent in position 2 also has a great influence on the pharmacological properties. Tenoxicam is presently undergoing clinical trials. PMID- 3494125 TI - Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity reactions by cinnamyl 1-thioglycosides. AB - Cinnamyl 1-thio-alpha-D-manno(and L-rhamno)pyranosides have good inhibitory effects in an antigen-specific T cell proliferation assay. The beta anomers are slightly less effective than the alpha anomers. The 6-substituted analogues of cinnamyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside such as 6-deoxy and 6-O-methyl derivatives also block macrophages in presenting the antigen to T cells. D Mannose and L-rhamnose, when tested by themselves with no modifications, did not block at concentrations up to 1 mM. These cinnamyl 1-thioglycosides when given ip or po at 3-30 mg/kg to mice significantly inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction as measured by footpad swelling. PMID- 3494126 TI - The susceptibility to lysozyme of beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing derivatives of Staphylococcus aureus strain 1030. AB - The killing of Staphylococcus aureus strain 1030 and derived variants of it by lysozyme increased with increased lysozyme concentrations or decreased concentrations of sodium chloride. beta-Lactamase-producing and non-producing derivatives of strain 1030 were constructed. The former were less susceptible to lysozyme. Induction of beta-lactamase synthesis with 2-2'carboxyphenyl-benzoyl-6 penicillanic acid increased the resistance of producer strains to lysozyme. These results are discussed in relation to the spread of beta-lactamase-producing strains of S. aureus. PMID- 3494127 TI - Extracellular and membrane-bound beta lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus: their importance for the expression of penicillin resistance. AB - The synthesis and excretion of beta lactamase by several strains of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical sources and the ability of both the extracellular and membrane-bound enzyme to mediate penicillin resistance was studied. When beta-lactamase production was maximally induced with penicillin G or ampicillin, about 50% of the beta lactamase was excreted from the cells, the amount of extracellular enzyme correlating well with the degree of resistance established by an in-vitro test model. From penicillin-binding experiments it became apparent, however, that the membrane-bound beta lactamase can also constitute a barrier, strong enough on its own to prevent penicillins from reaching their target. This could be of clinical relevance if, under certain conditions in vivo, the extracellular beta lactamase is insufficient for full protection of the staphylococcal cells. PMID- 3494129 TI - Relationships between non organ-specific autoantibody production and age-related modifications of mononuclear cell phenotype. AB - 13 autoantibodies were sought in 23-26 elderly people and in 47-118 young controls. We found at least one autoantibody (mainly rheumatoid factor, RF, and anti-nuclear antibodies in 17/23 elderly (i.e., 17%) and in 7/45 young controls (i.e., 16%). Autologous rosette-forming cells and Leu-7 positive cells (Natural Killer Cells?) were higher, and OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells lower in the former than in the latter group. We show that elderly have a high proportion of CD5 positive B cells, compared with young controls, following phorbol myristic acetate activation in vitro. This abnormality might account for the discrepancy in production of RF compared to other autoantibodies. PMID- 3494128 TI - Relationship between lipopolysaccharide composition and virulence of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - The relationship between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition and virulence of Haemophilus ducreyi strains was investigated. Glycoses identified in LPS by gas liquid chromatography were glucose, galactose, and their amino derivatives glucosamine and galactosamine. Fucose was found in trace amounts but mannose and rhamnose, characteristic of the O-side chain of LPS in many species, were not detected. Qualitatively, the LPS composition of the eight strains examined was similar and differences were mainly quantitative. The total glycose:KDO ratio of the LPS of virulent strains exceeded that of avirulent strains. All strains had similar fatty-acid composition but lacked lauric acid. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the LPS of virulent and avirulent strains also revealed differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. The LPS profiles of avirulent strains were similar, but differed from those of virulent strains. These profiles lacked high mol. wt bands representing O-side chain repeating units. Thus, differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of the LPS of virulent and avirulent strains may reflect differences in the amount of carbohydrates associated with the core polysaccharide. PMID- 3494130 TI - Effect of tamoxifen on pokeweed mitogen stimulated immunoglobulin secretion in vitro. AB - The influence of Tamoxifen on pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion of human blood lymphocytes was tested in vitro. It was observed that pretreatment of T cell enriched preparations with "therapeutic" concentrations of Tamoxifen augmented their capacity to promote IgG but not IgM secretion of untreated autologous B-lymphocytes. Cultures containing Tamoxifen pretreated B cell enriched preparations and untreated T cells exhibited reduced secretion of both IgG and IgM. PMID- 3494131 TI - In vitro regulation of antithyroglobulin synthesis by lymphocytes of patients with Hashimoto's disease by an antigen-specific "suppressor factor" derived from cultured normal human T-lymphocytes. AB - Suppressor factors (SF) elaborated by peripheral blood T-lymphocytes in culture from normal subjects activated by thyroglobulin as well as those from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), were tested for their ability to modulate antithyroglobulin synthesis by cultured HT-lymphocytes. A micro ELISA system and a micro reverse haemolytic plaque assay system were employed to detect antithyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin secreting B-lymphocytes respectively. In the latter system, the SF from normal T-lymphocytes caused suppression of thyroglobulin-specific plaque formation by HT lymphocytes while the "SF" from HT T-lymphocytes did not cause any suppression in most of the cases studied. A "SF" obtained by using liver antigen as a non-specific antigen, did not cause suppression of plaques. These results were highly significant (p less than 0.001). Although differences were seen with and without SF in the ELISA system, they were not statistically significant, likely due to a lack of sensitivity of the ELISA system as compared with the plaque assay. These observations imply that the HT-lymphocytes were deficient in thyroid antigen specific T-suppressor cell function and/or numbers to begin with and that the added normal SF afforded the signal necessary to the helper T-cells to suppress antibody synthesis by the B lymphocytes. It is thus inferred that there is a defect in antigen-specific suppressor T-lymphocyte function in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 3494132 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CICs) have been quantitated from the sera of untreated oral cancer patients and those treated with radiation or surgery using C1q binding assay in terms of percent binding activity (C1q BA) and microgram/ml equivalent of aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG). Sera from a total of 108 oral cancer patients and 47 normal healthy donors were evaluated for CICs. Out of these, 48 patients were tested before treatment and 60 were tested 6 months to 1 yr after treatment. Levels of CICs were elevated in 70.8% patients before treatment (mean % C1q BA 29.6 +/- 2.2) when compared to healthy controls (4.2% positive, mean % C1q BA 9.0 +/- 0.8). Treated patients showing no evidence of the disease had reduced CIC levels, only 11.7% patients showing C1q BA at the level of 13.2 +/- 1.4. On the other hand, treated patients showing recurrence of the disease had much higher CIC levels (mean % C1q BA 42.8 +/- 3.5, 92.3% positive) even higher than the untreated patients. Status of CIC levels as well as recurrence rate in patients treated with either radiation or surgery were comparable. One out of 4 individuals with premalignant changes such as oral leukoplakia showed elevated levels of CICs. PMID- 3494133 TI - The effects of macrophages on interleukin 2 production in thymocytes of New Zealand black mice. AB - The New Zealand Black (NZB) mouse is a model animal for human autoimmune disease. Abnormalities in Interleukin 2 (IL-2) production were studied in these mice to investigate whether they arise from disorders in T cells or from abnormalities of macrophages (M phi). T cells were separated from thymocytes using peanut agglutinin (PNA), while M phi were separated from spleen cells using the adherence method. Cultures were prepared from T cells and M phi obtained from normal control mice and NZB mice and the activity of IL-2 in the supernatant of the culture was studied. The results indicate that abnormalities in the production of IL-2 in NZB mice are due to functional disorders in both T cells and M phi. PMID- 3494134 TI - Evidence for regulation of human colonic mucosal immunoglobulin secretion by intestinal lymphoid cells. AB - In vitro immunoglobulin secretion has been studied using isolated colonic mucosal lymphoid cell populations obtained from 41 patients with non-inflammatory intestinal disease. Cell fractions were separated into intra-epithelial and lamina propria-enriched populations. The secretion of immunoglobulins by mucosal cells appeared to be independent of mitogen stimulation. When intra-epithelial lymphocyte preparations were co-cultured with autologous lamina propria lymphocytes, the secretion of IgM was significantly depressed but that of IgA and IgG was preserved. Co-cultured of mucosal cells with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes resulted in suppression of pokeweed mitogen stimulated and unstimulated immunoglobulin secretion. Lamina propria T cells were shown to provide helper function for the in vitro secretion of IgA and IgM but not IgG, by autologous peripheral blood B cells. Immunoglobulin secretion by lamina propria lymphocytes was shown to be partly dependent on the concentration of E-rosette forming cells. These experiments demonstrate that human colonic mucosal lymphoid cells contain specific populations of helper and suppressor cells which selectively control intestinal immunoglobulin secretion. PMID- 3494135 TI - Radiologic evaluation of epidermoid cyst. AB - Optimal radiologic investigation greatly improves surgical outcome in cases of epidermoid cyst. As the lesion is benign but will recur if total excision is not accomplished, the surgeon must be prepared to resect the entire capsule and not simply drain the cyst. The contribution of neuroimaging and other diagnostic procedures to the preoperative evaluation of a man with posterior fossa cyst is reported. PMID- 3494136 TI - Nutritional and socio-demographic risk indicators of malaria in children under five: a cross-sectional study in a Sudanese rural community. AB - This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional study of the association between nutritional, environmental and socio-demographic factors, and malaria occurrence among 445 children under 5 years of age in a Sudanese rural community. The overall frequency of malaria as defined by a history of clinical illness during the previous 2 months was 27%. Malaria occurrence was positively associated with the degree of malnutrition as assessed by weight-for-age. The age adjusted odds ratio for mild malnutrition and history of malaria was 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.0) and for moderate malnutrition and malaria was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1-4.0). Malaria was less frequent among children 0-11 months of age relative to older children (OR = 0.4; 95% CI:0.2-0.7), and was inversely associated with ownership of a refrigerator (OR = 0.5; 95% CI:0.36-0.94), an indicator of socio-economic status. Indicators of crowding were the best predictors of the risk of malaria. Less malaria was observed in households with three or more rooms (OR = 0.6; 95% CI:0.37-0.98) and more malaria was observed in households with more than five people (OR = 2.5; 95% CI:1.4-4.5). Malaria was slightly, but not significantly, more frequent among boys and was associated with anaemia, which was probably an outcome of malaria in the past. These data suggest that undernutrition may increase the risk of malaria, and draw attention to the importance of socio-economic and environmental factors in relation to this disease. These relationships deserve further examination in prospective follow-up studies that are better able to evaluate the temporal relations of malnutrition and malaria. PMID- 3494137 TI - Lysis of autologous tumor cells by peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with interleukin 2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from patients with renal cell carcinoma were stimulated with interleukin 2 and tested in a 4-hour 51chromium-release cytotoxicity assay against autologous cultured tumor and myeloid K562 cells. Of 23 patients autologous tumor lysis of more than 0 per cent was observed in 20 (range 5.3 to 82.8 per cent) and more than 10 per cent lysis was noted in 16. Since no significant correlation between the degree of cytotoxicity and the pathological findings of tumor stage, grade, cell type or lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor was found, it was impossible to predict from the pathological findings which tumor could be lysed by peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with interleukin 2. Comparison of natural killer cell activity against K562 of freshly prepared peripheral blood lymphocytes to that of interleukin 2-treated lymphocytes revealed significant augmentation from 23.6 +/- 9.7 to 65.2 +/- 29.1 per cent. From the kinetics study the lysis of autologous tumor cells was detectable on day 2 of interleukin 2 exposure and the peak activity was observed on day 5. A similar trend was noted in regard to K562 cell lysis. Measurements of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies and argon ion laser flow cytometry resulted in a significant decrease of cells positive for OKT 4 (helper/inducer) and a significant increase of cells positive for OKT 8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu 7 (natural killer) by interleukin 2 treatment. A cold target cell inhibition test was performed in 2 patients with unlabeled autologous tumor and K562 cells as cold inhibitors. In 1 patient unlabeled K562 completely inhibited the tumor lysis but in 1 complete inhibition by autologous tumor and incomplete blockade by K562 were found. From this observation we concluded that peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with interleukin 2 lysed not only autologous tumor cells but also K562. Our results demonstrate that adoptive immunotherapy with peripheral blood lymphocytes activated by interleukin 2 in patients with renal cell carcinoma could be appropriate as a therapeutic procedure. PMID- 3494138 TI - [A method of facilitating gasserian ganglion block under X-ray photography]. PMID- 3494139 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in primary lung cancer. AB - T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 63 primary lung cancer patients (23 with adenocarcinoma, 23 with squamous cell carcinoma and 17 with small cell carcinoma) and 24 normal healthy controls were determined by indirect immunofluorescence, using the monoclonal antibody reagents OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8. Correlations between T-lymphocyte subset values and stages or cell types of disease were sought. Total lymphocytes in the patient group were decreased. However, no significant difference from controls was seen in the percentage of OKT3-positive cells (Pan T-cells) in the cancer patients. The percentage of OKT8 positive cells (cytotoxic/suppressor) was increased in the early stage of disease whereas the percentage of OKT4 positive cells (inducer/helper) remained at the control level throughout all stages. The ratio of OKT4-positive to OKT8-positive T-cells (OKT4/OKT8), reflecting the balance of immunoregulatory T-cells, was, therefore, significantly decreased in patients with stage I-II lung cancer (P less than 0.05), especially in squamous cell lung cancer (P less than 0.05), whereas in stages III or IV, this T4/T8 ratio returned to the control level. In small cell carcinoma, the T4/T8 ratio was significantly decreased in stage III (P less than 0.01) and returned to the control level in stage IV. PMID- 3494140 TI - [The evaluation of exocrine pancreatic function of liver cirrhosis with N-benzoyl L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA test)]. PMID- 3494141 TI - [Arteriovenous malformation of the duodenum with massive bleeding: report of a case]. PMID- 3494142 TI - [On hemorrhage at delivery]. PMID- 3494143 TI - [Dipyridamole-loading myocardial scintigraphy for the evaluation of patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 3494144 TI - [The problem in 180 degree data sampling and radioactivity decay correction in gated cardiac blood pool scanning using SPECT]. PMID- 3494145 TI - [Phantom study of the SPECT with the elliptical scan]. PMID- 3494147 TI - [Introduction of POS to nursing. 18. The importance of practical application]. PMID- 3494146 TI - [The performance evaluation of SET-130 W (HEADTOME III)]. PMID- 3494148 TI - [Exercise therapy and nursing of a patient following A-C bypass--for the purpose of early social rehabilitation]. PMID- 3494149 TI - [Comparison of problem lists prepared by physicians and those by nurses]. PMID- 3494150 TI - [POS for beginners: Preparation of a POS treatment record]. PMID- 3494151 TI - [Education and POS: training of health personnel and the use of POS]. PMID- 3494152 TI - [The relationship between upper and lower airways from the point of view of the chest physician]. PMID- 3494153 TI - [Revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery evaluated by myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 3494154 TI - [A special retractor for stabilizing the heart during circumflex coronary grafting]. PMID- 3494155 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of intestinal hemorrhage in elderly patients]. PMID- 3494156 TI - [Complications following temporary occlusion of the nasolacrimal duct with tissue adhesive (Histoacryl)]. AB - This paper presents 4 cases in which the punctum had been temporarily occluded with tissue adhesive, still showing toxic tissue reaction years later. Abscess, dacryocystitis, dacryocystitis with dacryolithiasis, dacryocellulitis and polyposis were found. In the light of these findings and the relevant literature especially with regard to late injuries-it is not advisable to use tissue adhesive, at least not for the purpose of punctal occlusion. PMID- 3494157 TI - Evidence for the involvement of dopamine agonists and antagonists in duodenal ulcer disease. AB - In experimental duodenal ulceration, dopamine levels, turnover, and binding sites are influenced. Dopamine agonists and antagonists exert anti- and proulcerogenic effect, respectively, probably by influencing duodenal hyper- or hypomotility, rather than effecting gastric secretion. The duodenal ulcerogenic effect of the dopamine neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) given to rats in multiple daily doses (p.o. or s.c.) also induced in a dose-dependent manner duodenal ulcers. Duodenal ulcers were prevented by pretreatment with dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine, lergotrile) or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g. pargyline or 1-deprenyl). Our hypothesis suggests that duodenal ulcerogens may interfere with the action of dopamine resulting in loss of the inhibitory function of dopamine, and producing tissue damage from the accumulated auto-oxidation products of dopamine. Alternatively a motility disorder induced by cysteamine, propionitrile or MPTP may contribute to the pathogenesis probably by involving localized hyperacidity in the duodenal bulb because of decreased neutralization and impaired duodenal emptying of acid. PMID- 3494158 TI - [Status of systemic and local immunity in patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3494159 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte numbers in bronchoalveolar washings from patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3494160 TI - [Immunohormonal indicators in the prognosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 3494161 TI - [Status of the central hemodynamics in patients with ischemic heart disease after aortocoronary shunting]. PMID- 3494162 TI - [Effect of adequate stimulation of the vestibular analyzer on mid-latency auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 3494163 TI - Nine-year cough aborted by TENS. PMID- 3494164 TI - Airway obstructions. PMID- 3494165 TI - 16th annual UCLA symposium. Abstracts: The T cell receptor. PMID- 3494166 TI - Ph1-positive CML-derived myeloid-monocytoid precursor cell line producing substance(s) that stimulates normal CFU-C. AB - A new Ph1-chromosome positive cell line, KOPM-28. was established from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. KOPM-28 cells were phenotypically immature: without azurophilic granules; negative for myeloperoxidase and positive for specific and nonspecific esterases. The nonspecific esterase reaction was intensified by TPA, and retinoic acid reinforced the specific esterase reaction without inducing morphological changes. KOPM-28 cells were not phagocytic. The cells expressed complement receptors, myeloid-monocytoid antigens, an Ia-like antigen and T4 antigen. CALLA, T lymphocyte specific antigens, B-lymphocyte related antigen and platelet megakaryocyte-megakaryoblast specific antigen were not detected. KOPM-28 cells formed colonies in semi-solid medium; this ability was augmented by GM-CSA. The addition of culture medium conditioned by KOPM-28 cells to normal bone marrow cells resulted in the increase of the CFU-C colonies. These findings indicate that KOPM-28 cells have features of myeloid and monocytoid precursor cells and that they are producing substance(s) which stimulates normal CFU-C. PMID- 3494167 TI - Production of human pluripotent progenitor cell colony stimulating activity (CFU GEMMCSA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - The present study was aimed at assessing the possible relationship between the T lymphocyte abnormalities and the stem cell dysfunction in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), by investigating the production of specific stimulators of stem cell differentiation in such patients. Conditioned media from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of MDS patients and healthy controls, prepared with or without phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), were assayed for their capacity to stimulate the in-vitro formation of multilineage colonies (CFU-GEMM) in target marrow cell cultures of healthy donors. Both PHA-induced DNA synthesis and T-cell subpopulation ratios (T4/T8) in patient cells were significantly lower than in controls. However, no impaired production of pluripotent progenitor cell colony stimulating activity (CFU-GEMMCSA) by PHA-stimulated and unstimulated PBMNC, could be found. Normal levels of activity were also produced by isolated T lymphocytes of MDS patients. Autologous serum neither enhanced nor suppressed the production of CFU-GEMMCSA. Our observations demonstrate that PHA-induced production of CFU-GEMMCSA is not directly correlated with DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we have found that both major T-cell subsets, defined by OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies, are equally capable of producing CFU-GEMMCSA. The normal production of CFU-GEMMCSA by T cells of MDS patients suggests that this T cell function is not an etiological factor in the stem cell disorder of myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 3494168 TI - Further studies on the mechanism of CFU-S determination--III. CFU-S cell lineage determination is not influenced by GM-CSF, Epo, multi-CSF nor WEHI 3B conditioned medium. AB - CFU-S proliferation is under the control of factors such as stimulators and inhibitors whereas commitment of CFU-S is controlled by pluripoietins. We have studied the effects in vitro of Epo, GM-CSF, multi-CSF and WEHI 3B conditioned medium in order to elucidate their eventual role on CFU-S proliferation and cell lineage determination. Neither Epo nor GM-CSF are able to induce the entry of CFU S into cycle. Multi-CSF and WEHI 3B conditioned medium (similar to interleukin 3) stimulate CFU-S into DNA synthesis. However, we were able to show that the stimulator we have studied is different from IL 3. Epo, GM-CSF, multi-CSF and WEHI 3B CM have no effect on CFU-S commitment. Therefore, these four hemopoietic regulators are different from the pluripoietins we have previously described and have no influence on CFU-S determination. PMID- 3494169 TI - Complete translocation of the aortic root and coronary bypass grafting with a microporous polyurethane (Mitrathane) composite valved graft in the treatment of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. AB - The case of a 20-year-old male patient, with a history of addiction to parenteral heroin and recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis, is presented. In this case the final procedure consisted of a complete translocation of the aortic root and coronary bypass grafting with a composite graft made from a microporous polyurethane (Mitrathane) cardiac patch, a prosthetic valve and two Mitrathane vascular grafts for the coronaries. This is a complex operation, only indicated in cases of extensive destruction of the aortic root due to recurrent endocarditis. To our knowledge, it is the first case of this type performed using Mitrathane. PMID- 3494170 TI - Haemodialysis-membrane-induced phagocyte oxidative metabolism activation and interleukin-1 production. PMID- 3494172 TI - [Present and future of myocardial revascularization surgery]. PMID- 3494171 TI - [Early postoperative patency of coronary grafts and patency one year postoperatively]. PMID- 3494173 TI - [Mixed acute leukemia: T lymphoblastic and monoblastic]. PMID- 3494174 TI - [Severe respiratory complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3494175 TI - [Hepatic artery aneurysm--an unusual cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3494176 TI - Treatment of hemifacial spasm with transcutaneous electrical stimulation. AB - A transcutaneous electrical stimulation method was used to treat hemifacial spasms. This treatment was applied concomitantly with drug therapy to 21 patients, and was found effective in 17 patients (81%). Electrotherapy is considered to be useful in patients with mild spasms and in those with severe spasms for whom surgical treatment is not possible. PMID- 3494177 TI - Current concepts in neuroradiological diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. AB - Two hundred twenty-one cases with clinical suspicion of a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and/or internal auditory canal (IAC) lesions were evaluated in our hospital in the last 21/2 years by various radiological modalities. Fifty-two tumors were diagnosed and surgically removed; 48 were acoustic neuromas (33 large tumors and 15 intracanalicular small tumors) and 4 meningiomas. Polytomography detected 10 lesions out of 15 (66.7%) with 5 false-negative (33.3%) and 4 false-positive (26.7%) studies. Routine CT scan visualized large and enhancing lesions (37 out of 52), but missed the small intracanalicular tumors (15 tumors) which were only visualized by CT scan combined with cisternography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI diagnosed 23 lesions out of 23 (100%) with no false-positive or negative studies, including 8 intracanalicular small tumors missed on the routine CT scans. MRI is far more reliable in the radiological diagnosis of CPA and IAC lesions. PMID- 3494179 TI - Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization associated with Parkinson's syndrome induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the primate. AB - The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to map the pattern of alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization associated with the Parkinsonian syndrome induced by the administration of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), to rhesus monkeys. Monkeys treated with the neurotoxin exhibited both behavioral symptoms (e.g. akinesia, rigidity, flexed posture, and eyelid closure) and neuropathological changes (degeneration of the cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta) that closely paralleled those in human Parkinson's disease. Glucose utilization was significantly reduced in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and in the subthalamus, and increased in the external segment of the globus pallidus. Outside the basal ganglia reductions in glucose utilization were limited to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, frontal eye fields, and ventral tegmental area. The results of these studies indicate that the profound functional and behavioral deficits in MPTP induced Parkinson's syndrome are the consequences of highly selective functional changes in a few cerebral structures, mainly within the basal ganglia. PMID- 3494178 TI - Differential structural requirements for the MSH and MCH activities of melanin concentrating hormone. AB - H-Asp-Thr-Met-Arg-Cys-Met-Val-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-Pro-Cys-Trp-Glu-Val-OH , melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), exhibits both melanin granule concentrating and dispersing (MSH-like) activities. Fragment analogues of MCH were synthesized as described herein and the melanotropic activities of the peptides were determined. In the frog (Rana pipiens) and lizard (Anolis carolinensis) skin bioassays, the 5-17 and 5-14 fragments of MCH were inactive (at concentrations of 10(-5)M or less), whereas the 1-14 sequence exhibited minimal (about 10%) MSH like activity compared to MCH, which, as reported previously, was about 600 times less active than alpha-MSH. In the teleost (fish) skin bioassay, the MCH5-17 analogue was equipotent to MCH, whereas the 1-14 analogue was 10-30 times and the cyclic N- and C- terminal truncated analogue, MCH5-14, was about 300 times less active than MCH. These results suggest that the N-terminal sequence is particularly critical to MSH-like activity in the tetrapod species studied, whereas other structural regions of MCH, particularly in the C-terminal, are more related to MCH activity in teleosts. PMID- 3494180 TI - [Hepatic scintigraphy using 99mTc-colloid in liver cirrhosis in children]. AB - A total of 26 children aged 2 to 14 with the initial (6), formed (14) and terminal (6) stages of liver cirrhosis were examined by a method of radionuclide scintigraphy with 99mTc-colloid. 34 children aged 7 to 14 examined in the catamnesis of virus hepatitis, were controls. A set of indices characterizing function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), the effective hepatic blood flow, metric parameters of the liver and spleen were obtained from an analysis of the curves of the heart, liver and spleen area, and digital imaging of the liver with the marked costal arch. It was shown that at the initial stage of disease indices of the time course of the radioactive colloid were of compensated nature. Spleen function was elevated, liver and spleen sizes were increased. The formed stage was characterized by the signs of subcompensation of liver function: changes of indices of RP retention in the blood, a decrease in the indices of the total and hepatic radioactive colloid. The terminal stage was characterized by marked disorder of liver RES function which was not compensated for by a high splenic uptake, image deformation and focal RP distribution. Irrespective of a stage of disease the syndrome of portal hypertension was shown to manifest itself in splenomegaly and an increase in the radioactive colloid uptake by the liver over 15%. The accuracy of the set of signs was 90%. PMID- 3494181 TI - Deranged bone mineral metabolism in chronic alcoholism. AB - Chronic alcoholic subjects may suffer from osteopenia with either osteomalacia or osteoporosis as the main histologic finding. The reasons may be multifactorial, including nutrition, direct effects of alcohol on bone, and deranged liver function. Seventeen asymptomatic subjects with chronic alcoholism were studied. Serum PTH (carboxyl and midmolecule fragments), 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1 25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1-25(OH)2D], and ionized calcium were measured in each subject. In addition to these tests, we employed a sensitive technique of dual photon absorptiometry to measure vertebral bone density and a radioimmunoassay of serum bone gla protein (BGP) to estimate osteoblast function. Our results show that subjects suffering from chronic alcoholism had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D and higher ionized calcium, BGP, PTH (midmolecule) and 1,25(OH)2D while four patients had bone density values below the fracture threshold (0.96 g/cm2). These findings demonstrate that asymptomatic patients with chronic alcoholism have deranged bone mineral metabolism including abnormal BGP and some subjects may even have abnormal dual photon absorptiometry measurements. These particular subjects may be at risk in the future for developing osteopenia and consequent vertebral compression fractures. PMID- 3494182 TI - [Treatment of infectious endocarditis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cardiac surgery]. AB - A 12 year old boy was admitted to hospital with fever, general malaise, cough and peripheral edema. The patient who have had rheumatic heart diseases-mitral insufficiency was found to be in congestive cardiac failure. In blood cultures Staphylococcus aureus and Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus grew. The regimens of Cephalothin-Gentamicin, Methicillin-Tobramicin, to which the organism were sensitive were given intravenously. On these therapy the patient continued to have fever. He was put on Trimethoprim-Sulfomethoxazole intramuscularly. He became afebril for the first time. After two weeks fever recurred. In spite of medical treatment, the infection persisted and the indication for surgery was considered. Mitral valve replacement with a Starr-Edwards prosthesis was carried out. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with TMP-SMZ. For the past 10 months the patient has remained afebril and without evidence of congestive heart failure. PMID- 3494183 TI - The role of unspecific immunostimulation mechanism in the pathogenesis of pneumoconioses. PMID- 3494184 TI - Salvage chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - Eleven patients with Hodgkin's disease refractory to chemotherapy were treated with six cycles of intermediate-dose methotrexate with calcium leucovorin rescue, followed by cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (MTX CHOP). Three other patients were treated with a similar program of treatment minus doxorubicin (MTX-COP). The overall response rate was 57%, with four (29%) patients achieving a complete response and four patients achieving a partial response. None of the three patients treated with MTX-COP had a complete remission (CR); thus the complete remission rate with MTX-CHOP was somewhat higher (36%). Only one of the CR's is in continuous complete remission and free of disease at 99+ months. One patient died of overwhelming sepsis and pancytopenia during treatment. Hematologic toxicity in the other patients was acceptable. The overall median survival was 18 months. The search for an effective treatment program for this group of patients remains a major challenge. PMID- 3494185 TI - An analytical approach to quantify uniformity artifacts for circular and noncircular detector motion in single photon emission computed tomography imaging. AB - Uniformity artifacts in rotating gamma camera tomography will result if there are errors in the correction factors which are routinely calculated from a static uniformity flood image. The accuracy of the correction factors is a function of the statistics in the collected flood image. Since the factors are applied to each projection view, an error in a correction factor will propagate as a projection error at the same pixel location for each view. For circular detector motion, the error in each projection is reconstructed as a ring whose maximum amplitude varies approximately inversely proportional to the square root of the distance of the projection error from the center of rotation. For noncircular detector motion the artifacts are not rings but are more complicated geometric curves. Simulations show that statistical fluctuations in the reconstructed image will mask the uniformity artifacts provided the correction flood satisfies minimum count requirements. An analytical expression is derived for the percent root-mean-square (% rms) error in the reconstruction and is compared with the percent relative amplitude error (% RAE) of the reconstructed artifacts in order to obtain expressions for uniformity flood counting statistics. For an elliptical source distribution with total counts equal to CT, the uniformity statistics required to reconstruct elliptical disks is inversely proportional to the square root of the area: U greater than or equal to KCT/area 1/2. The constant K depends on the filter function and type of detector motion. PMID- 3494186 TI - [Sclerosing of esophageal varices: methods and results]. PMID- 3494187 TI - [Epidemiology of AIDS: status in the fall of 1986]. PMID- 3494188 TI - [AIDS: the beginning of a catastrophe?]. PMID- 3494189 TI - Malpractice claim review. Pediatrics, urology. PMID- 3494190 TI - Residual nitrobenzylthioinosine-resistant nucleoside transport in a transport mutant (AE1) of S49 murine T-lymphoma cells. AB - The uptake of various nucleosides by S49 mouse T-lymphoma cells and that by a single-step nucleoside transport-defective mutant thereof (AE1) were compared. Residual nucleoside entry into AE1 cells occurred via two routes, nonmediated permeation and saturable, non-concentrative transport with broad substrate specificity and a Michaelis-Menten constant approximating that for thymidine transport in wild-type cells. However, in contrast to nucleoside transport in wild-type cells, residual nucleoside transport in AE1 cells was resistant to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine. In its properties the latter resembled nitrobenzylthioinosine-resistant nucleoside transport observed in other types of mammalian cells. It amounted to less than 1% of the total nucleoside transport activity of wild-type S49 cells. The results indicate that nitrobenzylthioinosine resistant and -sensitive nucleoside transports are genetically distinguishable. In wild-type cells, the salvage of thymidine, when present at concentrations higher than 1 to 10 microM, was limited by phosphorylation, because of the saturation of thymidine kinase. In AE1 cells, entry into the cells mainly limited thymidine salvage, but at high thymidine concentrations the combined entry via residual transport and nonmediated permeation was sufficiently rapid to support intracellular thymidine phosphorylation at rates comparable to those observed in wild-type cells. PMID- 3494191 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptor gene-amplified MDA-468 breast cancer cell line and its nonamplified variants. AB - We have recently reported (J. Filmus, M. N. Pollak, R. Cailleau, and R. N. Buick, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 128:898-905, 1985) that MDA-468, a human breast cancer cell line with a high number of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, has an amplified EGF receptor gene and is growth inhibited in vitro pharmacological doses of EGF. We have derived several MDA-468 clonal variants which are resistant to EGF-induced growth inhibition. These clones had a number of EGF receptors, similar to normal human fibroblasts, and had lost the EGF receptor gene amplification. Karyotype analysis showed that MDA-468 cells had an abnormally banded region (ABR) in chromosome 7p which was not present in the variants. It was shown by in situ hybridization that the amplified EGF receptor sequences were located in that chromosome, 7pABR. Five of the six variants studied were able to generate tumors in nude mice, but their growth rate was significantly lower than that of tumors derived from the parental cell line. The variant that was unable to produce tumors was found to be uniquely dependent on EGF for growth in soft agar. PMID- 3494193 TI - Identification of a promoter element located upstream from the hepatitis B virus X gene. AB - We have analyzed a series of plasmids in which the sequences located upstream from the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene were linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene. Expression of the marker CAT gene in transfected cells clearly demonstrated that sequences preceding the X gene contain an active promoter. RNA mapping by primer extension indicated that the RNA encoded by the X gene promoter initiates at multiple sites spanning nucleotides 1250 to 1350 on the HBV genome. Deletion within the adjacent HBV enhancer element region significantly reduced the activity of the X gene promoter, suggesting that the X gene promoter requires the enhancer element for maximal activity. PMID- 3494192 TI - A cytokine network in human diploid fibroblasts: interactions of beta interferons, tumor necrosis factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and interleukin-1. AB - Earlier studies demonstrated the induction of beta 2-interferon (IFN-beta 2) in human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4 strain) exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These studies suggested that IFN-beta 2 mediates an antiviral effect in TNF treated cells and exerts a feedback inhibition of the mitogenic effect of TNF. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the antiviral action of TNF can be enhanced by prior exposure of FS-4 cells to trace amounts of IFN-beta 1. IFN-beta 1, at a higher concentration, can directly increase the expression of IFN-beta 2. Exposure of cells to TNF enhanced IFN-beta 2 (but not IFN-beta 1) mRNA expression in response to poly(I).poly(C), an IFN inducer which is also known to stimulate FS-4 cell growth. Platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin-1 also led to the increased expression of IFN-beta 2. However, platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin-1 could override the antiviral effect of TNF and also that of exogenously added IFN-beta 1. Our data suggest that a complex network of interactions that involves the endogenous production of IFN-beta 2 is triggered by several growth-modulatory cytokines. Cellular homeostasis is likely to represent a balance between the induction of IFN-beta 2 by these cytokines and their ability to override the inhibitory actions of IFN-beta 2. PMID- 3494195 TI - [Juvenile spondarthritis. Retrospective study of 71 patients]. AB - 71 patients with juvenile spondarthritis were studied retrospectively. Age at onset of disease varied between 4 and 16 years. 94% of patients were HLA-B27 positive. Relatives with symptoms of spondarthritis were found in the families of 23 children. All patients developed radiographic sacroiliitis. Prominent disease symptom was a peripheral arthritis, which was mostly pauciarticular and asymmetric, involving big joints of the lower limbs. 41 patients suffered from heel pains, 33 complained of back or sacroiliac pains. An acute iridocyclitis with one or several relapses was seen in 10 patients. The results led to a basic concept of main and side criteria for diagnosis of juvenile spondarthritis. They enable a better classification for suspected or probable disease. Diagnosis is verified by manifestation of radiologic sacroiliitis. PMID- 3494194 TI - Different activities of viral enhancer elements before and after stable integration of transfected DNAs. AB - Analysis of the RNA and DNA levels of a selectable gene linked to a murine retroviral enhancer demonstrated a correlation between RNA levels and tissue specific enhancer activity during transient expression in T cells but not in stably transformed cell lines. PMID- 3494196 TI - [Plasma exchange therapy in children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]. AB - Five children (11.5-17.5 years of age) with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were treated with plasma exchange. Three children suffered from renal failure and hypertension, one adolescent girl from gastrointestinal and arthritic pains with fever, and one patient from generalized paresis. All patients had excessive serological signs of disease activity. Forty-five sessions of plasma exchange were performed without serious complications. Four children showed improvement of SLE after initiation of plasma exchange in combination with immunosuppressive therapy in two of them renal replacement therapy could be stopped. In the 2 patients with non-renal SLE-complications a dramatic rapid improvement of the symptoms was observed. One girl succumbed to severe hypertension with cerebral bleeding and fungal sepsis after pulsE therapy a few days after start of plasma exchange. Plasma exchange should be started before observation of life threatening complications of SLE. Further information is needed about indication, frequency and duration of plasma exchange in children with SLE. PMID- 3494197 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 16-1987. A 14-year-old boy with fluctuating pancytopenia and a nasopharyngeal mass. PMID- 3494199 TI - Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in a male homosexual with AIDS and disseminated pulmonary and extrapulmonary P. carinii infection. PMID- 3494198 TI - Replacement therapy for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with emphysema. AB - In patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, the development of emphysema is believed to be caused by the unchecked action of proteases on lung tissue. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and biochemical efficacy of intermittent infusions of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the treatment of patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Twenty-one patients were given 60 mg of active plasma derived alpha 1-antitrypsin per kilogram of body weight, once a week for up to six months. After a steady state had been reached, the group had trough serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin of 126 +/- 1 mg per deciliter as compared with 30 +/- 1 mg per deciliter before treatment, and serum anti-neutrophil elastase capacities of 13.3 +/- 0.1 microM as compared with 5.4 +/- 0.1 microM. The alpha 1-antitrypsin level in the epithelial-lining fluid of the lungs was 0.46 +/- 0.16 microM before treatment, and the anti-neutrophil elastase capacity was 0.81 +/- 0.13 microM. Six days after infusion, alpha 1-antitrypsin levels (1.89 +/- 0.17 microM) and anti-neutrophil elastase capacities (1.65 +/- 0.13 microM) in the lining fluid were significantly increased (P less than 0.0001). Because of the chronicity of the disorder and the lack of sensitive measures of lung destruction, the clinical efficacy of this therapy could not be studied rigorously. No changes in lung function were observed in our patients over six months of treatment. The only important adverse reactions to the 507 infusions were four episodes of self-limited fever. This study demonstrates that infusions of alpha 1-antitrypsin derived from plasma are safe and can reverse the biochemical abnormalities in serum and lung fluid that characterize this disorder. Together with lifetime avoidance of cigarette smoking, replacement therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin may be a logical approach to long-term medical treatment. PMID- 3494200 TI - Tumour necrosis factor. Polypeptide mediator network. PMID- 3494201 TI - Compartmentalization of a haematopoietic growth factor (GM-CSF) by glycosaminoglycans in the bone marrow microenvironment. AB - Haematopoietic progenitor cells proliferate and mature in semisolid media when stimulated by exogenous haematopoietic cell growth factors (HCGFs) such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). They also proliferate in association with marrow-derived stromal cells although biologically active amounts of HCGFs cannot be detected in stromal culture supernatants. It is possible that HCGFs are synthesized in small amounts by stromal cells but remain bound to the stromal cells and/or their extracellular matrix (ECM). This interpretation accords with haematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation in close association with stromal layers in long-term cultures. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found in the ECM produced by stromal cells. They are prime candidates for selectively retaining HCGFs in the stromal layer; they influence embryonic morphogenesis and cyto-differentiation and they may regulate haematopoiesis. We now report that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity can be eluted from cultured stromal layers and that exogenous GM-CSF binds to GAGs from bone marrow stromal ECM. Selective compartmentalization of HCGFs in this manner may be an important function of the marrow microenvironment and may be involved in haematopoietic cell regulation. PMID- 3494203 TI - Operations for variceal hemorrhage: a single surgeon's experience. PMID- 3494202 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3494204 TI - [Prevalence of stroke in the Salzburg district]. AB - To estimate the frequency of stroke patients in the county of Salzburg (Austria), which has a population of 434,000 inhabitants, 211 doctors (in general practice), and staff of 58 homes for the elderly and 9 hospitals were interviewed. Altogether 1,871 stroke patients were found, which represents a prevalence of 4.3 patients per 1,000 inhabitants; 1.5% had to be considered as patients requiring constant care. 78% of the patients were living at home; 13% were in homes for the elderly and only 9% were found in the hospitals. 35% of the hospital patients were in general medical units, 26% on neurological and 22% on geriatric wards. 13% of the patients were in a rehabilitation centre and 3.5% in the local neurosurgical unit. PMID- 3494205 TI - Variations of primary glomerulonephritis incidence in a rural area of 400,000 inhabitants in the last decade. PMID- 3494206 TI - Reversible symmetrical white matter low attenuation in rubella encephalitis. Both in X-ray CT and 11C-glucose positron emission tomography. AB - A ten-year-old Japanese boy, who fell ill with rubella encephalitis at 6 years of life, disclosed reversible symmetrical white matter low attenuation in both X-ray CT and 11C-glucose positron emission tomography (PET), which was newly applied to the illness. He recovered completely without neurological sequelae, similar in X ray CT and PET. PMID- 3494207 TI - Effects of enkephalin, applied intracellularly, on action potentials in vertebrate A and C nerve fibre axons. AB - The effects of leucine enkephalin and D-Ala2, Met5 enkephalinamide (DAMA) were tested on the excitability of sciatic nerves in the frog and guinea-pig and vagus nerves in the guinea pig and rabbit. Both enkephalins depressed the amplitude of the compound action potential of A and C fibres. This depression was blocked by small concentrations of naloxone. In the type of experiment carried out, the drugs were added to the cut end of the nerve and the drugs had to reach their site of action in the central bath by diffusion through the axoplasm. This method of application of drug was necessary because enkephalins had no effect on the action potential when applied extracellularly by perfusion. These results demonstrate the presence of stereospecific opioid receptors located on the inner surface of the cell membranes of peripheral vertebrate nerve axons, sensitive to block by some endogenous opioid peptides. A possible physiological role for these intracellular receptors is suggested. PMID- 3494208 TI - Older dopaminergic neurons do not recover from the effects of MPTP. AB - Recent studies have shown that dopaminergic neurons in young mature mice recover fully from toxic injury induced by MPTP. The aim of the present study was to assess whether or not older dopaminergic neurons were capable of similar recovery. We now report that older dopaminergic neurons do not recover from the effects of MPTP. This suggests that with age, neurons in the nigrostriatal system begin to lose their regenerative capacity. This phenomenon could underlie the process of neuronal degeneration known to occur in a number of age-related diseases, including Parkinson's disease. PMID- 3494210 TI - Successful removal of air gun bullets from the third ventricle. AB - A patient with air gun bullets in the 3rd ventricle associated with delayed ventricular hemorrhage is presented. Through an anterior transcallosal approach, the surgeon successfully removed the bullets without any significant permanent sequelae. PMID- 3494209 TI - Isolation and amino acid sequence of calcitonin gene related peptide from porcine spinal cord. AB - Porcine calcitonin gene related peptide (pCGRP) was isolated from spinal cord by HPLC combined with bioassays using the rat vas deferens and the rat heart. The amino acid sequence was determined by microsequencing methods to be; S-C-N-T-A-T C-V-T-H-R-L-A-G-L-L-S-R-S-G-G-M-V-K-S-N-F-V-P-T-D-V-G-S-E-A- F-NH2. The structure determined was found to be more similar to that of the second human CGRP (beta CGRP) than that of the first human CGRP (alpha-CGRP). Of the spinal cord peptides, only pCGRP showed strong relaxant activity on the electrically induced contraction of the rat vas deferens and strong enhancing effect on the rat heart rate. PMID- 3494212 TI - Clinical and sleep laboratory study of narcoleptic symptoms in multiple sclerosis. AB - Seventy white patients with a diagnosis of MS and typed for their HLA-A, B, C, and DR were studied. A clinical interview and a questionnaire were used to evaluate the presence of narcoleptic symptoms. The prevalence of sleep attacks, cataplexy, and sleep paralysis was significantly elevated among these patients. However, no difference was seen between DR2 and non-DR2 subjects with regard to the incidence of narcoleptic symptoms. Nine DR2 patients complaining of both sleep attacks and cataplexy were studied in the sleep laboratory for five consecutive naps, but no polygraphic evidence of narcolepsy was found. PMID- 3494211 TI - Glucose utilization rate versus brain size in humans. AB - Cerebral glucose metabolic rates were measured in 23 normal volunteers by studying the uptake of 18F-deoxyglucose with positron emission tomography (PET). These values were correlated against a brain-size index obtained from the PET images by measuring the lateral and anteroposterior brain diameters. There was a significant negative correlation (p less than 0.001), which corresponds, within the statistical uncertainty, to an inverse proportionality of glucose metabolic rate and brain volume. The variation with brain size accounted for approximately one-half of the total intersubject variance. Measurements on phantoms of different sizes and analyses of instrumental errors failed to uncover any artifactual reason for the correlation. PMID- 3494214 TI - [Initial clinical experience with propofol (Diprivan) in repeated boluses and in continuous infusion]. PMID- 3494215 TI - Inhibition of type A monoamine oxidase by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is now confirmed to be one of the oxidative products of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) and is considered to cause a parkinsonism-like syndrome. We studied the effect of MPP+ on type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) activity in mitochondria prepared from various sources. By kinetic analysis, MPP+ was found to inhibit MAO-A in competition with the substrate, kynuramine. The Ki value of MAO-A with MPP+ in human brain synaptosomal mitochondria (1.3 microM) was much lower than the Ki values of MAO-A in other organs. Among the MAO-A samples, MAO-A in intrasynaptosomal mitochondria from human brain was the most sensitive to MPP+. The Ki value of MAO-A with MPP+ in striatum (1.6 microM and 2.0 microM for MAO-A prepared from putamen and from caudate) was similar to the Ki value of MAO-A in synaptosomes from cortex. The difference in the Ki values of MPP+ for MAO-A from various sources was considered to be due to the difference in lipid components of mitochondria. The possible significance of the inhibition of MAO-A was discussed in terms of the etiology of parkinsonism. PMID- 3494216 TI - Evaluation and primary management of spasticity. AB - Spasticity is often a lifelong manifestation of central nervous system damage in adults with upper motor neuron lesions. Practitioners who initiate the management of spasticity when damage occurs are more likely to offer the patient a life without permanent joint deformity. Spasticity may be helpful or harmful to the patient, but in either event warrants a careful assessment and management plan based upon current health care concepts. Two general intervention principles and three specific intervention measures, including the use of medication, are discussed. PMID- 3494213 TI - [Role of computerized tomography in the control of aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 3494218 TI - Treatment of intraoral hemorrhage in a leukemic patient: a case report. PMID- 3494217 TI - Melioidosis: a new disease to New Zealand. AB - The first case of melioidosis diagnosed in New Zealand is described. The patient presented with an abscess overlying the liver, which resolved on oral cotrimoxazole therapy, without the need for surgical drainage. PMID- 3494219 TI - Mitotic activity of corneal endothelial cells in organ culture with recombinant human epidermal growth factor. AB - Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was assessed for its capacity to stimulate proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells in vitro in organ culture with 87 human corneas. The EGF in defined serum-free (S-F) media was able to stimulate endothelial cell mitosis (t test P less than 0.01) in matched transected human corneas after a four-day incubation period as judged by histologic studies. Clearly defined endothelial mitotic figures were seen in all stages of cell division throughout the endothelial cell layer. The implication of increasing corneal endothelial cell numbers in donor corneas before transplantation using a human growth factor, potentially available in pure form in unlimited quantities, is discussed. PMID- 3494220 TI - Vestibular habituation training and posturography in benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo. AB - A number of cases with typical positioning vertigo (BPPV) show a unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) by caloric testing. However, treatment by habituation exercises (VHT) improves vertigo independently of the presence of UVH. Moreover, VHT has no influence upon the results of caloric and rotation tests. These findings prove the independence of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the peripheral vestibular disturbances UVH and BPPV. PMID- 3494221 TI - Animal experiments on the role of T lymphocytes in the course of antineoplastic chemotherapy. I. Chemotherapy and tumor-specific immunity. AB - Strain 2 guinea pigs bearing an intradermally growing already lymphogenetically metastasized line 10 tumor received intralesional chemotherapy with either cisplatin or vincristine. After successful treatment with cisplatin and low-dose vincristine, nearly all animals developed tumor-specific immunity. This phenomenon was not observed in animals treated with high-dose vincristine. Possible mechanisms of generation and alteration of primary T-cell-induced posttherapeutic tumor immunity are discussed. PMID- 3494223 TI - [Characteristics of the immune system balance of patients with infectious allergic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3494224 TI - Mesothalamic brain stimulation for movement disorders (functional ablation of mini-discharge circuits) PMID- 3494222 TI - [Dynamics of immunoglobulins and immunocompetent lymphocytes in guinea pigs with experimental ascariasis]. AB - The paper presents data on variations in the level of serous immunoglobulins (Ig M and Ig G classes), immunocompetent T- and B-lymphocytes in lymphoid organs (spleen, mesenteric, portal and mediastinal lymph nodes) and specific antiparasitic antibodies in guinea pigs during the dynamics of experimental ascariasis. PMID- 3494225 TI - Emergency department management of the intoxicated adolescent. AB - It is widely recognized that many young people will have experiences with alcohol and with psychoactive recreational drugs before emerging from the adolescent years. It is estimated that before leaving ninth grade, one half of the total student population will have had experience with alcohol, and approximately one third with marijuana. Cocaine also is more available to adolescents. For these reasons, the emergency physician is more likely to see teenage patients for drug related problems. PMID- 3494227 TI - Clearance of osteocalcin by peritoneal dialysis in children with end-stage renal disease. AB - Osteocalcin is a bone-specific protein whose concentration in blood is a direct reflection of bone turnover. In chronic renal failure, circulating osteocalcin is elevated. This elevation is due to decreased renal clearance and, in some patients, increased bone turnover secondary to renal osteodystrophy. In children receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, mean serum osteocalcin concentrations are substantially lower than in similar patients on hemodyalysis (1). This difference may be due to clearance of the protein by the peritoneal membrane. To test this possibility we examined osteocalcin in 16 infants and adolescents undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with two commercially available glucose-based dialysis solutions (2.5 and 4.25% Dianeal). Mass transfer of osteocalcin over 5-h dialysis exchange periods was -18.9 +/- 2.8 and -28.4 +/- 7.8 micrograms for the low and high glucose solutions, respectively. Serum levels fell over the course of single exchange periods in concert with increasing dialysate concentrations. There were significant correlations between initial blood concentrations of osteocalcin and the total amount of osteocalcin transferred (r = 0.609 and 0.642 for the high and low glucose solutions, respectively, p less than 0.05). There were also strong correlations between the mass transfers of osteocalcin and those of creatinine (p less than 0.05) and total protein (p less than 0.01) with the 4.25% glucose exchange. The relationships were weaker with the 2.5% glucose exchange. Fractionation of serum revealed a single immunoreactive peak eluting coincident with intact osteocalcin, but two or three immunoreactive peaks were identified in matching dialysate samples, suggesting that both intact osteocalcin and circulating fragments are transferred by the peritoneal membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494226 TI - Low burst promoting activity production by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells of cord blood. AB - Burst-promoting activity (BPA) produced by phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) was examined using the two-stage cell culture assays. Burst-promoting activity was measured as the increase in the number of early erythroid progenitor cells in 2-day incubation of peripheral blood MNC with or without the conditioned medium of PHA-stimulated MNC (PHA-LCM). Burst promoting activity in PHA-LCM of cord blood was significantly lower than that of adult blood (37 +/- 13 versus 105 +/- 19%, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01). No elevation of inhibitors to the erythroid colony growth was noted in PHA-LCM of cord blood. In contrary, the response of cord blood MNC to PHA was similar to that of adult blood MNC, as determined by colony-stimulating activity production and cell proliferation. These results showed that burst-promoting activity production by PHA-stimulated MNC of cord blood was lower than that of adult blood. PMID- 3494228 TI - Plasma amino acid differences in very low birth weight infants fed either human milk or whey-dominant cow milk formula. AB - Midmorning plasma amino acid levels were measured in 31 healthy, very low birth weight infants (mean age 16 days, mean birth weight 1180 g, gestation 29 wk) during 96-h balance studies. All infants received continuous enteral infusion of isonitrogenous, isocaloric preparations of either human milk fortified with pasteurized, lyophilized fractions of mature human milk (n = 18) or whey-dominant cow milk-based formula (n = 13). Weight gain (15 g/kg/day), nitrogen retention (303 mg/kg/day), and metabolizable energy (104 kcal/kg/day) were similar between groups. Plasma levels of threonine, valine, and the sum of essential amino acids were significantly greater in the whey-dominant formula-fed infants (p less than 0.01). Taurine and cystine were measured in significantly greater concentrations in the fortified human milk and threonine, valine, methionine, and lysine in the whey-dominant cow milk formula (p less than 0.01). Relationships between plasma amino acid levels and indices of nitrogen utilization differed between groups. These differences suggest that further modifications of whey-dominant formulas may be indicated. PMID- 3494229 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the bronchial mucosa of children with recurrent bronchitis and the Sievert-Kartagener syndrome]. PMID- 3494230 TI - Von Willebrand's factor deficiency in a random population of Danish golden retrievers. AB - The incidence of deficiency of von Willebrand's factor, the cause of von Willebrand's disease, the most common, mild, inherited bleeding disorder of people and animals was documented in a random population of Danish Golden Retrievers. Using a rabbit, anticanine von Willebrand protein antibody and a rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique, 68 dogs were examined. Eighteen percent, 12 dogs, had statistically and significantly (P less than 0.01) low concentrations of the von Willebrand protein and were considered carriers or deficients. These findings in this modest population should raise the clinical index of suspicion concerning this disease and other disease processes associated with it. PMID- 3494231 TI - Canine urinary tract infection. Detection, prevalence and therapeutic consequences of bacteriuria. AB - Bacterial urinary tract infection is a common disease complex in the dog. Numerous factors predispose to the condition which, once arisen, predisposes the dog to pyelonephritis. Thus, subclinical infections, detected by the presence of significant bacteriuria, become important to diagnose. This study is a survey on urinary bacterial counts performed on urine obtained by catheterization and midstream-sampling. In cases revealing bacteriuria, further analysis is undertaken in order to initiate individually adjusted, rational therapy. PMID- 3494232 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding murine CSF-1 (Macrophage-CSF). PMID- 3494233 TI - A new synthetic pathway to adenine-2-d, 9-alkyladenine-2-d, adenosine-2-d, and 2' deoxyadenosine-2-d. AB - Unambiguous assignments of the purine ring protons in the NMR spectra of adenine (Ia) and its 9-substituted derivatives (Ib-f) have been made by comparison with those of the isotopically labeled adenines VIIIa-f. 9-Alkyl-2-deuterioadenines (VIIIb-d), adenosine-2-d (VIIIe), and 2'-deoxyadenosine-2-d (VIIIf) were synthesized from the 9-substituted adenines Ib-f through cyclization of the monocyclic intermediates VIb-f with formic acid-d2 or 1-(formyl-d)-2(1H) pyridone. Hydrolysis of VIIIe with 0.5 N aq. HCl gave adenine-2-d (VIIIa) in 77% yield. PMID- 3494234 TI - Systems of life. No 147. Senior systems. 12. PMID- 3494235 TI - T-cell mitogenesis and natural killer cell activity in colonic tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing rats fed diets high in lipid with and without cholesterol. AB - It has been shown that rats fed diets high in lipid and cholesterol develop more 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced bowel tumors than those fed diets low in lipid or without cholesterol. To further explore the effects of these dietary regimens on immune function, rats were fed diets containing 20% safflower or coconut oil, with or without cholesterol (1%) and cholic acid (0.3%), for 35 weeks during which time they were given DMH. Only rats bearing one or more colon tumors and that showed no evidence of weight loss were utilized. Two parameters of cell-mediated immune function were assessed in tumor- and nontumor-bearing control rats: a) response to the T-cell mitogen, phytohemaglutinin (PHA), and b) natural killer cell activity (NKCA). Nearly total suppression of PHA response was observed in the polyunsaturated fat diet group compared with the saturated fat diet groups. Addition of cholesterol to either the polyunsaturated or saturated fat diets diminished PHA response and, to a lesser degree, of T-lymphocytes from rats fed these diets. NKCA, however, was unaffected by either the quality of dietary fat or cholesterol. There were no detectable effects of DMH per se 15 weeks after the last injection (or in the presence or absence of tumors) on T lymphocyte response to PHA or on NKCA. The relationships among lipid nutrition, carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, and immunologic events is obviously complex. These studies imply that nutritional interventions may have a selective rather than a generalized effect on various immunocompetent cell populations. Furthermore, the effects of lipid nutriture, rather than long-term effects of carcinogen administration, or the presence of bowel tumors appear to play the major role on perceived alterations in in vitro immune function. Thus the effects of these lipid nutritional interventions on DMH-induced tumorigenesis seem independent of their effects on immune phenomena with the immune probes utilized. PMID- 3494236 TI - Unusual case of Haemophilus influenzae type b: Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis cellulitis and subcutaneous abscess. AB - An unusual case of beta-lactamase positive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection is reported. Clinical manifestations included meningitis, a left ankle subcutaneous abscess, and bilateral hand cellulitis. Discussion and review of literature are presented for the previously unreported association of this common childhood pathogen. PMID- 3494237 TI - Analgesic properties of a systemically-administered synthetic dipeptide of 5 hydroxytryptophan. AB - Synthetic peptides of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), including N-acetyl-5-HTP-5-HTP amide (5-HTP-ACETYL-DP), specifically inhibit the binding of serotonin to serotonin binding protein. 5-HTP-ACETYL-DP also produces a long-lasting, opiate sensitive analgesia following central, but not systemic administration. The present study evaluated an apolar derivative of 5-HTP dipeptide, N-hexanoyl-5-HTP 5-HTP amide (5-HTP-HEX-DP), for its analgesic properties in rats following systemic administration. 5-HTP-HEX-DP (5-50 mg/kg) significantly increased jump thresholds in a dose-dependent manner with peak analgesia occurring at 2.5 hr after injection, and lasting up to 5 hr. In the tail-flick assay, 5-HTP-HEX-DP (20 mg/kg) produced a significant antinociceptive effect at 1 hr post-injection using both high and low intensity levels of radiant heat. While 5-HTP-HEX-DP and morphine each elicited analgesia following acute administration, chronic (14 days) incremental dosing with 5-HTP-HEX-DP or morphine resulted in persistent analgesia in 5-HTP-HEX-DP-treated animals, and a loss of analgesia in morphine treated rats. Thus, significant tolerance to morphine, but not 5-HTP-HEX-DP analgesia developed using this protocol. Hence, 5-HTP-HEX-DP is a systemically active analgesic which fails to develop tolerance when administered daily over 14 days. PMID- 3494238 TI - [Inhibitory effect of chlorine on the anti-elastase capacity of human serum]. PMID- 3494239 TI - Cranial fasciitis and its resemblance to histiocytosis. PMID- 3494241 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the jaws]. PMID- 3494240 TI - Neonatal lupus and the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus. PMID- 3494242 TI - A cross-sectional study of head posture and craniofacial growth in children from the north of Finland. PMID- 3494243 TI - Chemical modification of recombinant interleukin 2 by polyethylene glycol increases its potency in the murine Meth A sarcoma model. AB - Recombinant human interleukin 2 purified from Escherichia coli has limited solubility at neutral pH and a short circulatory half-life. This recombinant interleukin 2 was chemically modified by an active ester of polyethylene glycol. The modified interleukin 2 was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. This conjugate was compared to unmodified recombinant interleukin 2 in vitro and in vivo. Covalent attachment of the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol enhanced the solubility of interleukin 2, decreased its plasma clearance, and increased its antitumor potency in the Meth A murine sarcoma model. PMID- 3494244 TI - Loss of expression of a differentiated function gene, steroid 17 alpha hydroxylase, as adrenocortical cells senescence in culture. AB - Senescence in cultured adrenocortical cells involves changes in expression of differentiated functions as well as changes in responses to mitogenic stimulation. Steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase (steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) is an adrenal-specific enzyme, the expression of which is dependent on the presence of stimulators of cyclic AMP production, such as cholera toxin. Dot blot hybridization of RNA from bovine adrenocortical cells that had been incubated with cholera toxin showed a marked decline in 17 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels as a function of population doubling level, closely paralleling the decline in induction of 17 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme activity. The lower levels of 17 alpha-hydroxylase induction did not result from a requirement for a longer time period for induction or from a specific defect in response to cholera toxin and were not caused by a general failure of enzyme induction in response to cyclic AMP. The decreased growth rate in older cells results from a general decline in response to several growth factors. However, the decline in 17 alpha hydroxylase induction did not result from a loss of response of the cells to mitogens, since quiescent cells at a low population doubling level showed stimulation of 17 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA by cholera toxin to levels similar to those in nonquiescent cultures and added mitogens either had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels or decreased them. There was, however, a specific posttranscriptional effect of insulin on 17 alpha-hydroxylase. The loss of 17 alpha-hydroxylase induction is unlikely to result from overgrowth of a minority cell type lacking the ability to induce 17 alpha-hydroxylase, because adrenocortical cell clones that had high levels of 17 alpha-hydroxylase induction gave rise to cells with lower levels of induction on subcloning. Thus, loss of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity in adrenocortical cellular senescence results from a primary failure of accumulation of 17 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA after incubation with the inducing agent. PMID- 3494245 TI - Characterization of the high-affinity cell-surface receptor for murine B-cell stimulating factor 1. AB - Radiolabeled recombinant murine B-cell-stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) was used to characterize receptors specific for this lymphokine on the surface of primary B and T cells and in vitro cell lines representing the B-cell, T-cell, mast cell, macrophage, and myelomonocytic lineages. BSF-1 binding was rapid and saturable at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C with a slow dissociation rate. On all cell types examined, BSF-1 bound to a single class of high-affinity receptor (less than 2000 receptors per cell) with a Ka of 10(10)-10(11) M-1. Receptor expression on resting primary B and T cells was low (less than 100 receptors per cell), whereas activation with lipopolysaccharide or Con A produced a 5- to 10-fold increase in receptor numbers. Among a panel of lymphokines and growth hormones, only unlabeled BSF-1 was able to compete for the binding of 125I-labeled BSF-1. Affinity crosslinking experiments resulted in the identification on all cells tested of a receptor protein with an average Mr of 75,000. PMID- 3494246 TI - Isomerization of all-trans-retinoids to 11-cis-retinoids in vitro. AB - The key biochemical process of the vertebrate visual cycle required for rhodopsin regeneration, 11-cis-retinoid production from all-trans-retinoids, is shown to occur in vitro. A 600 X g supernatant from a frog retina/pigment epithelium homogenate transforms added all-trans-[3H]retinol, in a time-dependent fashion, to a mixture of 11-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinal, and 11-cis-retinyl palmitate. 13 cis-Retinoids are formed in only minor amounts by nonspecific processes. Studies using washed particulate fractions of the 600 X g supernatant indicate that all trans-[3H]retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinoids much more effectively than is all-trans-[3H]retinal or all-trans-[3H]retinyl palmitate. The 11-cis-retinoid biosynthetic activity is heat-labile, sedimentable by high-speed centrifugation, and largely found in the pigment epithelium rather than in the neural retina. PMID- 3494247 TI - A major factor contributing to epidermal proliferation in inflammatory skin diseases appears to be interleukin 1 or a related protein. AB - Human peripheral blood leukocytes can stimulate G1(G0)-arrested mouse skin keratinocytes to enter the cell cycle again and synthesize DNA at the maximum rate 15-20 hr later. This growth-promoting activity is released by the monocyte fraction and is shown to have characteristics that have been reported for interleukin 1 (IL-1). Pure IL-1 is active in stimulating keratinocyte cultures as was shown with recombinant human IL-1. An IL-1-like protein released by monocytes macrophages could explain the hyperproliferative epidermis found in certain types of inflammatory skin diseases. PMID- 3494248 TI - Divergent fates of von Willebrand factor and its propolypeptide (von Willebrand antigen II) after secretion from endothelial cells. AB - The intracellular site of cleavage of pro-von Willebrand factor subunit and the subsequent fate of the propolypeptide (von Willebrand antigen II) and of the mature von Willebrand factor (vWf) were investigated. Both the propolypeptide, which was found to be a homodimer of noncovalently linked subunits, and mature vWf were released from Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells following stimulation with secretagogues. The stoichiometry of the two released proteins was essentially equimolar. This indicates that vWf and the propolypeptide were packaged into the Weibel-Palade bodies as one unit, pro-vWf, and that the proteolytic cleavage of pro-vWf is likely to be a post-Golgi event. The association of prosequences into dimers supports their hypothetical role in the multimerization process. After secretion, the two proteins were distributed differently, as based on the following observations. The propolypeptide did not associate with vWf in the culture medium, did not codistribute with vWf in the extracellular "patches of release" on stimulated endothelial cells, and was not detected in the endothelial cell extracellular matrix, which did contain vWf. Additionally, in contrast to vWf, the propolypeptide did not bind to the matrix of human foreskin fibroblasts. Since the propolypeptide does not associate with vWf and does not interact with extracellular matrices in vitro, it is highly unlikely that it would promote platelet adhesion to subendothelium in vivo. PMID- 3494249 TI - cDNA cloning and sequence of MAL, a hydrophobic protein associated with human T cell differentiation. AB - We have isolated a human cDNA that is expressed in the intermediate and late stages of T-cell differentiation. The cDNA encodes a highly hydrophobic protein, termed MAL, that lacks a hydrophobic leader peptide sequence and contains four potential transmembrane domains separated by short hydrophilic segments. The predicted configuration of the MAL protein resembles the structure of integral proteins that form pores or channels in the plasma membrane and that are believed to act as transporters of water-soluble molecules and ions across the lipid bilayer. The presence of MAL mRNA in a panel of T-cell lines that express both the T-cell receptor and the T11 antigen suggests that MAL may be involved in membrane signaling in T cells activated via either T11 or T-cell receptor pathways. PMID- 3494253 TI - Morphological changes in the skin of Rana pipiens in response to metabolic acidosis. AB - The skin of Rana pipiens excretes H+ and this excretion is increased by metabolic acidosis. The mitochondria-rich (MR) cells of the skin have been found to mediate this H+ transport. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a change in the MR cells of the skin during metabolic acidosis and if the isolated split epithelia of frog skin maintains its capacity to excrete H+. Metabolic acidosis was induced by injecting 120 mM NH4Cl (0.025 ml/g body wt) into the dorsal lymph sac three times a day for 2 days. The frogs were sacrificed and collagenase-split skins from the abdomen of normal and metabolic acidotic frogs were mounted between 2-ml chambers. H+ fluxes into both the mucosal and serosal media were measured and reported in units of (nmol) (cm2)-1 (min)-1. An increase in H+ flux was seen on both the mucosal and serosal sides of the acidotic split skins. The isolated epithelia were fixed, postosmicated, and dehydrated in the chamber. They were then embedded in Spurr's resin and 1-micron sections were cut and stained with Paragon multiple stain. Coded slides were used to count various cell types. Sections were randomly selected and approximately 40,000 cells were counted. Four basic cell types were noted and confirmed by TEM photomicrographs; basal (B) cells, granular (G) cells, keratinized cells, and MR cells. The ratio of G + B cells:MR cells in the normal skins was 1.0:0.021. The ratio in acidotic skins was 1.0:0.34. The average percentage of cell population of MR cells in the normal skins was 2.08 + 0.18 and in acidotic skins 3.20 + 0.36 (P less than 0.005). We conclude that the split skin maintains the capacity to acidify the mucosal fluid. Additionally, during metabolic acidosis there is an increased number of MR cells in the skin and this increase may be an adaptive mechanism of the skin to excrete excess H+ during acidosis. PMID- 3494250 TI - Modulation of type beta transforming growth factor activity in bone cultures by osteotropic hormones. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) activity was found in conditioned medium harvested from fetal rat and neonatal mouse calvariae by using the anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts as an indicator system. Calvariae incubated with parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and interleukin 1, all factors that stimulate bone resorption showed a concentration-dependent increase in TGF-beta activity in the culture medium. Increases in TGF-beta activity persisted undiminished for 48 hr after removal of these factors. The increases in TGF-beta activity from the resorbing bone cultures were relatively greater than the increases in bone resorption. Calcitonin inhibition of bone resorption correlated with a decrease in TGF-beta activity. Thus, agents that modulate bone resorption also affect TGF-beta activity in the bone culture medium. Changes in local concentrations of TGF-beta activity by osteotropic hormones may be important in the regulation of normal bone remodeling. PMID- 3494251 TI - The cytolytic protein of human lymphocytes related to the ninth component (C9) of human complement: isolation from anti-CD3-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - A 70-kDa channel-forming protein has recently been isolated from human large granular lymphocytes maintained in interleukin-2-dependent culture. The protein was shown to be immunochemically related to the ninth component of complement (C9) and was therefore designated C9-related protein (C9RP). Using the procedure that was developed for the isolation of C9RP from large granular lymphocytes- i.e., affinity chromatography employing anti-human C9 linked to Sepharose, a cytolytic protein has now been isolated from OKT3-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nineteen to 40 micrograms of active protein was obtained from 1 X 10(9) human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after the cells were cultured for 3 days with OKT3 (monoclonal antibody to cell surface antigen T3). During this period, a marked increment occurred in the amount of the cytotoxic protein contained per cell, indicating that OKT3 induced de novo synthesis of the protein. By NaDodSO4/PAGE the molecular mass was determined to be 70 kDa. By ELISA the isolated protein and C9RP of large granular lymphocytes reacted to the same extent with anti-C9RP. Using K-562 or M21 human melanoma cells as targets, the cytotoxic activity of the isolated protein, in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+, was comparable to that of C9RP. The same cytolytic protein was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were depleted of CD16+ cells prior to OKT3 activation and that consisted primarily of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. These results suggest that the cytolytic protein of OKT3-activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes is identical with C9RP of interleukin-2-stimulated large granular lymphocytes. PMID- 3494252 TI - Expression of the hepatitis B virus X gene in mammalian cells. AB - The hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) designated X, which has the capacity to encode a protein of 16,560 Da (subtype adw). Such a protein has not been identified in either HBV particles or infected human livers, and therefore its role in the viral life cycle remains unknown. We report here the expression of the HBV X ORF in cultured cells using recombinant vectors. A protein of 16 kDa was identified by means of an antiserum prepared against a synthetic peptide and with human antisera from hepatitis B patients as well as those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence studies suggest a probable association with cytoskeletal components. Our studies further located a promoter sequence upstream of the X ORF, which directs the transcription of a 0.7- to 0.8-kilobase X-specific RNA in transfected human hepatoma cells. PMID- 3494255 TI - In morphinised rats SKF 38393 converts dopamine D2 receptor-mediated forward locomotion into backward walking. AB - The behavioural responses to RU 24213 (D2 agonist) and SKF 38393 (D1 agonist) were studied in the morphine cataleptic rat. D2 stimulation evoked slow forward walking coupled with head-down sniffing that was blocked both by SCH 23390 (D1 antagonist) and metoclopramide (D2 antagonist). D1 stimulation was without effect by itself, but when administered together with RU 24213 it reversed the direction of walking and initiated licking and chewing. Backward walking was attenuated by metoclopramide and restored to forward locomotion by SCH 23390. These data further show that D1 receptors exert an important modulatory influence on motor behaviours mediated by the D2 site. PMID- 3494254 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation. PMID- 3494256 TI - Evidence that dopamine receptors identified by [3H]dopamine in the ventricles of guinea-pig heart are of DA2 type. AB - Apomorphine and LY 171555, but not SKF 38393 displaced [3H]Dopamine binding to membranes of guinea-pig heart. Domperidone and 1-sulpiride but not SCH 23390 competitively antagonize the [3H]Dopamine binding performed with 100 microM cold dopamine as displacer. In conclusion the DA2 receptor agonists and antagonists used are able to interfere with the receptors labelled by [3H]Dopamine in cardiac muscle. PMID- 3494257 TI - Effects of unilateral and bilateral auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cutaneous pain threshold. AB - This study compared the effects of unilateral and bilateral auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cutaneous pain threshold. Auricular acupuncture points were stimulated with low frequency, high intensity TENS for 45 seconds. Sixty healthy, adult subjects were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups or to a control group. The two treatment groups received low frequency, high intensity TENS either unilaterally or bilaterally. The control group did not receive auricular stimulation. Experimental pain threshold at the left wrist was determined with a painful stimulus before and after auricular stimulation. Both unilateral and bilateral auricular stimulation groups exhibited a significant increase (p less than .05) in experimental pain threshold, but the control group did not. The mean change values between the unilateral and bilateral stimulation groups were not statistically different. These results suggest that both unilateral and bilateral auricular TENS can increase pain threshold. PMID- 3494258 TI - Nitrous acid reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated denatured transforming DNA. PMID- 3494259 TI - Physiological investigations of primates onboard biosatellites Cosmos-1514 and Cosmos-1667. PMID- 3494260 TI - Sensory interaction in weightlessness. PMID- 3494262 TI - Substitution of method in suicide and homicide: a regional analysis. PMID- 3494261 TI - Cytotoxic activity of polyindoline alkaloids of Psychotria forsteriana (Rubiaceae) (1). PMID- 3494263 TI - Psychiatric outcome in men and women after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3494264 TI - A study of problematic drug use in Nottinghamshire. PMID- 3494265 TI - A study of the incidence of the premenstrual syndrome in a group of Nigerian women. PMID- 3494266 TI - Epidermal growth factor in blood. AB - The presence of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a wide variety of human tissues and also some tumours indicates an as yet undefined role for EGF and it is therefore necessary to know precise concentrations in blood and other fluids. We have investigated the occurrence of EGF in the circulation and found that in platelet rich plasma, EGF levels were 51 +/- 5 pmol/l (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6) while in platelet poor plasma levels were 2.9 +/- 0.9 pmol/1. In contrast, serum EGF was 37 +/- 7 pmol/l if separated at 30 min and rose to 117 +/- 5 pmol/l if separated at 270 min. Gel chromatography showed that all residual EGF immunoreactivity in platelet poor plasma resided in the high molecular weight form thought to be non biologically active. In serum, delay in separation resulted in an increase in the proportion of EGF immunoreactivity co-eluting with EGF standard. These results suggest that EGF in the circulation is associated with platelets and that the process of blood coagulation leads to release of free EGF. PMID- 3494267 TI - [Risk of infection by hepatitis B virus in hospital personnel and naturally acquired immunity]. PMID- 3494268 TI - [Gestational diabetes mellitus. Analysis of screening tests]. PMID- 3494269 TI - [Control of the consumption of anti-infective agents in the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brazil]. PMID- 3494271 TI - [Peripheral artery catheterization by percutaneous puncture in children and young infants]. PMID- 3494270 TI - [Kawasaki syndrome. Clinico-laboratory report of 15 cases]. PMID- 3494273 TI - [Euthanasia: ethical and legal aspects]. PMID- 3494272 TI - [Analysis of incidence patterns and bacterial sensitivity in a surgical unit using microcomputers]. PMID- 3494274 TI - [Cutaneous necrosis in plastic surgery and its probable relation to the use of cigarettes]. PMID- 3494275 TI - [Clinical librarianship: an experience in the libraries of the Fundacao das Pioneiras Sociais]. PMID- 3494276 TI - [3-year surveillance of in vitro sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae causing pediatric infections]. PMID- 3494277 TI - [Decrease of the coefficient of intestinal calcium absorption with normal blood levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and decreasing levels of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Paget's disease of bone]. PMID- 3494278 TI - [T-4, T-8 and NK lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 3494280 TI - [Surgical treatment of digestive hemorrhage produced by esophagogastric varices in patients in Child's C group]. PMID- 3494279 TI - [Lymphocyte populations in patients with hepatitis caused by B virus: relation to other etiologies]. PMID- 3494281 TI - Isolating age, period, and cohort effects in developmental research. A critical review. PMID- 3494282 TI - The pharmacologic control of mediator release from human basophils and mast cells. AB - Insight into the pathogenesis of human allergic and inflammatory disorders has been obtained through a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. These investigations have demonstrated that human basophils and mast cells release mediators after nonimmunologic as well as immunologic activation in vitro and in vivo: nonimmunologic triggers include changes in osmolarity. Although these cells share many properties, including the presence of high-affinity receptors for IgE on their cell surface, the presence of histamine in granules, the ability to generate and release large quantities of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) after activation, and the ability of several pharmacologic agents including phospholipase inhibitors, acetylene analogues of arachidonic acid (ETYA, ETI), methylxanthines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) beta-agonists, and cyclic AMP to inhibit mediator release, they also display notable differences. Human lung mast cells generate and release large quantities of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after activation; basophils generate no known cyclooxygenase product. Indomethacin, arachidonic acid, and 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE) all enhance histamine and LTC4 release from human basophils; no effect is seen with human lung mast cells. Overnight incubation of basophils with glucocorticoids produces a marked inhibition of mediator release; this treatment does not affect the release of mast cell mediators. These in vitro observations are consistent with our in vivo observations and our hypotheses concerning the importance of these cells in allergic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494283 TI - Mechanisms of antigen-induced reactions in skin and lung. AB - Investigators have tried to develop various experimental preparations suitable to study the effects of antigen on skin and airways in order to understand the mechanisms involved in asthma and to develop new methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. We have gained considerable experience in studies of specific antigens in inbred dogs with increased levels of serum IgE antibodies to aeroallergens. By using a new method of sensitization, combining an attenuated live virus with a specific and potent antigen, we have developed an experimental preparation that has many features resembling human asthma: High serum levels of IgE antibodies were specifically directed against ragweed antigen. Skin and airway responses to antigen were specific and reproducible. Airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine aerosols was significantly increased in immunized dogs. Similar to human asthma, ragweed-induced bronchoconstriction in ragweed sensitized dogs was severe and associated with profound abnormalities in cardiopulmonary function and appeared to be of greater magnitude than usually seen in Ascaris-induced reactions. Ragweed-sensitized dogs had atopic dermatitis, particularly during grass pollen season, confirmed by biopsy and described previously in atopic dogs. Ragweed-sensitized dogs did not have spontaneous wheezing, but usually had diffuse, severe wheezing during induction of anesthesia; cardiac arrhythmias were also common during anesthesia. Ragweed sensitized dogs appeared to differ from Ascaris-sensitive dogs with respect to skin responsiveness. There was a surprisingly narrow range of skin responsiveness to antigen, whereas Snapper et al. in 1980 reported a wide range of skin responsiveness to Ascaris suum antigen in a group of mongrel dogs. Skin responsiveness to histamine was greater in ragweed-sensitized dogs than in nonimmunized dogs. Similar to human atopic patients, we found frequent late-phase reactions to ragweed antigen. As described below, we showed that antigen-induced mast cell degranulation in skin and airways was associated with inflammation which, in turn, was associated with increased airway responsiveness to pharmacologic agents. The generation of thromboxane by inflammatory cells induced by antigen challenge in ragweed-sensitized dogs appears to play a critical role in altering the response of both airways and skin to pharmacologic agonists. PMID- 3494285 TI - [Transcutaneous electric stimulation in the treatment of tinnitus]. PMID- 3494286 TI - [Electric stimulation in the treatment of tinnitus]. PMID- 3494284 TI - [A new imaging of pulmonary ventilation using nitrogen-13 and positron emission tomography (PET)]. PMID- 3494287 TI - [Acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome after a treatment with pirprofen]. PMID- 3494288 TI - [Value of the simultaneous determination of alpha-amylase and pancreatic lipase for the diagnosis of attacks of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3494289 TI - [Evaluation of 10 years of aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 3494290 TI - Localization and central projections of primary afferent neurons that innervate the temporomandibular joint in cats. AB - Primary afferent neurons that innervate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in cats were labeled by injecting a 2-5% solution of wheatgerm agglutinin bound to horseradish peroxidase into the joint capsule and capsular tissues in 14 cats and processing the brain stem and trigeminal ganglia using the tetramethylbenzidine method described by Mesulam (1978). The perikarya of ganglion cells that innervate the TMJ ranged in diameter from 15 to 109 microns and were primarily located in the posterolateral portion of the trigeminal ganglion. The central processes of these neurons entered the brain stem in middle pons and were distributed to all portions of the sensory trigeminal nuclei. However, the majority of labeled fibers and greatest density of terminal labeling were observed in the dorsal part of the main sensory nucleus and the subnucleus oralis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Very few labeled fibers were observed in the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve below the obex. However, evidence for axon terminals was consistently observed in laminae I, II, and III of the medullary dorsal horn. These findings concur with physiological evidence showing that information from the TMJ influences neurons in rostral (Kawamura et al., 1967) and in caudal (Broton et al., 1985) portions of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. PMID- 3494292 TI - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: similar genitalia changes in 2 sisters]. PMID- 3494291 TI - [Idiopathic hypotension of the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - A case of spontaneous hypotension of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is reported. A 32 years-old woman was complaining of intense orthostatic headaches. CT scan showed slit ventricles and the spinal tap showed a pressure of the CSF too low to be measured. A sample of clear CSF could only be obtained by aspiration. The patient's status improved without drugs by simply staying in bed for one week. Few similar cases have been reported. The mechanisms of this disorder still remains unknown. PMID- 3494293 TI - [Waldenstrom's benign hyperglobulinemic purpura]. PMID- 3494294 TI - [Progressive systemic sclerosis without cutaneous involvement]. PMID- 3494295 TI - [Use of computerized tomographic iodoventriculography in the diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis]. AB - It has been reported a case of intraventricular cysticrecosis of the fourth ventricle. The Authors discuss the utility of CT iodoventriculography with reference to the diagnosis of such disease. PMID- 3494297 TI - [Study of cerebral circulation with positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3494296 TI - [Computed tomographic measurement of the cerebral blood flow with xenon-133]. PMID- 3494298 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum and pelvispondylitis without patent intestinal disease. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum associated with a positive B27 pelvispondylitis. The search for a hemorrhagic rectocolitis, possible link between the two syndromes, revealed to be negative. Pelvispondylitis is an unusual complication of pyoderma gangrenosum. Review of the literature shows only one case of sacroiliitis, beside seronegative polyarthritis unrelated to HLA B27. PMID- 3494300 TI - The role of I-A/E molecules in B-lymphocyte activation. II. Mechanism of inhibition of the responses to lipopolysaccharide by anti-I-A/E antibodies. AB - We have previously demonstrated that monoclonal anti-I-A/E antibodies inhibit B cell responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present report, the inhibitory effects were shown to be carried out directly on B cells, and to be totally independent of the LPS concentration used, thereby showing that antibodies do not mediate their effect through blocking of accessory cells or steric hindrance of LPS-receptors. Of the three different phases in B-cell activation/induction, proliferation, and maturation, induction was shown to be the most sensitive to inhibition by anti-I-A/E antibodies. Thus, kinetic studies showed that anti-I-A/E antibodies are only inhibitory for the first 16 h of LPS activation, after which B cells can no longer be inhibited by these antibodies. Class II MHC molecules appear, therefore, to be part of a membrane molecular complex which regulates delivery of activation signals to resting B cells. Since it was also shown that this time period corresponds approximately to the time required for B cells to express functional reactivity to growth factors, we suggest that anti-I-A/E antibodies act on resting B lymphocytes to inhibit mitogen-dependent induction of growth receptor expression. PMID- 3494299 TI - Microangiography of the pancreas in experimental oedemic and haemorrhagic pancreatitis. AB - Microangiography of the pancreas was performed in five normal piglets and in 10 piglets with oedemic and haemorrhagic pancreatitis in order to evaluate the role of microcirculatory changes in experimental pancreatitis. Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of trypsin-taurocholate and oedematous pancreatitis correspondingly by infusion of autologous diluted bile. Both types of pancreatitis were confirmed by histological examination. Microangiography of the control animals revealed well-filled arteries, arterioles and capillaries, which formed a dense capillary network. In the areas of histologically documented haemorrhagic pancreatitis, unfilled capillary nets were observed as empty areas in the microangiography. Other areas of focal extravasation of the contrast material could be seen. Arteries and arterioles were well filled. In oedematous pancreatitis, the microangiography was unchanged compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Acute experimental haemorrhagic pancreatitis is associated with severe disturbances in the capillary circulation of the pancreas, whereas in oedematous pancreatitis the microangiography of the pancreas is normal. PMID- 3494301 TI - Macrophage stimulation with some structurally related polysaccharides. AB - The macrophage-stimulating properties of some structurally related polysaccharides were studied in vitro. When the polysaccharides were presented to the macrophages in a sterically fixed form, i.e. as microparticles, they induced the release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) from the macrophages. Microparticulate 1.3 beta-glucan (curdlan) induced nonspecific macrophage mediated tumour cell killing while 1.4-alpha-glucan (starch), 1.6-alpha-glucan (dextran), and 1.6-alpha-mannan were without effect. The corresponding soluble polysaccharides did not stimulate the macrophages. Kinetic studies showed that although IL-1 was released immediately after stimulation, the macrophages needed a time lag of several days to develop tumour cytotoxicity. The development of cytotoxicity paralleled binding of tumour cells to the macrophages. Resident and inflammatory peritoneal macrophages showed differences in their responses to the polysaccharides. Stationary, resident peritoneal macrophages stimulated by macroparticles secreted high levels of IL-1 but expressed a low cytotoxic activity, while newly recruited inflammatory macrophages released lower levels of IL-1 but readily killed the tumour cells. The influence of cyclo-oxygenase products on the IL-1 release and macrophage cytotoxicity was also investigated. When cyclo-oxygenase was blocked with indomethacin, a significantly higher release of IL-1, and then an increased cytotoxicity, were obtained with 1.3-beta-glucan stimulated macrophages. The results suggest that microparticulate polysaccharides may be useful for studies on the induction of macrophage differentiation and also for studies on nonspecific cellular immune responses in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 3494303 TI - Geographical and socioeconomic distribution of overweight and morbidity in a rural Swedish county. AB - This report overweight is based on a cross-sectional study in Skaraborg County, Sweden, in 1977. Mean values of Body Mass Index (BMI) are higher in this county than in other areas studied in Sweden and abroad. In correlation analysis the strongest association was found between overweight and hypertension. This is of particular interest since other studies have shown that Skaraborg county, has one of Sweden's highest proportions of treated hypertensives and also higher mortality during the 1970s in hypertension and obesity related diseases. The BMI varied between the municipalities of the county. Overweight was most common in the agricultural municipalities. The mean value of the BMI was higher among workers and persons with less formal education. This is contradictory to earlier Swedish studies with regard to men but not women. Physically demanding jobs accounted for more overweight individuals whereas high physical activity during leisure time was correlated with low body weight. PMID- 3494302 TI - Cytotoxic human HLA class II restricted purified protein derivative-reactive T lymphocyte clones. IV. Analysis of HLA restriction pattern and mycobacterial antigen specificity. AB - Human T-lymphocyte clones specific for antigenic components of purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin were generated by limiting dilution using in vitro PPD-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a single donor. The HLA restriction specificity of eight clones that were cytotoxic against autologous PPD-pulsed monocyte targets, was examined against a panel of allogeneic PPD pulsed targets. In agreement with our findings with bulk-expanded PPD-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, all clones were restricted by HLA class II antigens: seven by HLA-DR 2 and one by HLA-DRw10--the other HLA-DR antigen of the donor. All clones were CD3+, CD4+, CD8-. One clone exhibited, in addition to HLA-DR2 restriction, unrestricted cytotoxic alloreactivity against HLA-DR1. In monoclonal antibody-blocking experiments the latter clone was the only one that was blocked. Its lytic ability was abolished by two monoclonal antibodies against monomorphic HLA-DR determinants. The antigen specificity of the clones was studied by using autologous monocyte targets pulsed with antigens prepared from a range of different mycobacterial species. All seven HLA-DR2-restricted clones reacted with the majority of antigens tested. In contrast, the HLA-DRw10-restricted clone reacted exclusively with an antigen unique to PPD. PMID- 3494304 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis in Switzerland. Seroprevalence, risk factors and recommendations for prevention]. AB - In 10,000 cord blood samples from the region of Basel (representing approximately equal to 42% of all live births of 1983 to 1985) anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were determined by agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) tests. 47.3% were seronegative. 2.8% (n = 283) exhibited high titers in IFA (greater than 300 IU/ml) suggestive of acute or persistent infection. Questionnaires on potential risk factors were sent to 280 mothers with high antibody titers ("cases"), and to 279 randomised seronegative mothers (controls); 388 questionnaires (75.3%) were returned. Compared to controls, infections in cases were significantly associated with farm work, flower production, or food industry, consumption of lamb meat or improperly heated beefsteak, cat ownership. Risks of infection were significantly reduced when meat was kept in the deep freezer, or by consumption of chicken (probably as a surrogate for lamb and beef meat). Cases had significantly lower average serum concentrations of beta-carotene and tocopherol than controls, while average retinol and cholesterol levels were comparable in both groups. The 283 cord blood samples from the cases were subjected to 4 serological tests for specific IgM and 41 samples were reactive in greater than or equal to 1 test. 35 of the 41 children were reinvestigated greater than or equal to 6 months after delivery. In 8 children specific IgM persisted. Review of delivery charts confirmed that all 8 were asymptomatic at the time of delivery. Also on follow-up clinical examinations were normal. The incidence of congenital, latent toxoplasmosis in the area is thus estimated to nearly 1/1000 live births. These data will be used to promote preventive measures in pregnant women. PMID- 3494305 TI - [BCG osteitis in Switzerland. A report of 6 cases]. AB - BCG osteitis is a rare complication after vaccination in the newborn. On the basis of various, not yet fully known mechanisms, an increase in the number of cases is nevertheless possible. In the period 1980-1985 the authors recorded 6 instances of BCG osteitis. The clinical findings and diagnostic criteria are described. The incidence, pathogenesis and therapy of the disease are discussed. PMID- 3494306 TI - [Disseminated lupus erythematosus without antinuclear antibodies or other autoantibodies]. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are found in the majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report here the only documented case, out of a series of 38 patients, in which SLE was diagnosed in spite of the fact that we failed to demonstrate any type of autoantibodies. A 25-year-old black woman presented with 6 of the 11 criteria of the American Rheumatism Association for classification of SLE, between August 1984 and April 1985, i.e. malar rash, photosensitivity, arthritis, pleurisy and pericarditis, renal insufficiency and nephrotic syndrome, anemia and leukopenia. Renal biopsy revealed mesangial glomerulonephritis, tubulonephritis and many tubuloreticular inclusions in the capillary endothelium highly suggestive of SLE. Four ANA determinations were performed during the 8 months of observation which were all negative, as were all other antibodies (anti-nDNA, -Sm, -RPN, -Ro, -La). The outcome was very favourable under prednisone and cyclophosphamide. In the rare cases of ANA negative SLE (5-10%) photosensitive dermatitis is the prominent feature and renal or central nervous system involvement is less frequent. Those patients usually have other types of autoantibodies (especially anticytoplasmic) which was not the case in our patient. This indicates that the absence of autoantibodies does not rule out SLE. PMID- 3494307 TI - A chimeric, ligand-binding v-erbB/EGF receptor retains transforming potential. AB - Comparison of amino acid sequences from human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and avian erythroblastosis virus erbB oncogene product suggests that v erbB represents a truncated avian EGF receptor gene product. Although both proteins are transmembrane tyrosine kinases, the v-erbB protein lacks most of the extracellular ligand-binding domain and a 32-amino acid cytoplasmic sequence present in the human EGF receptor. To test the validity of the proposed origin of v-erbB and to investigate the functional significance of the deleted extracellular sequences, a chimeric gene encoding the extracellular and the transmembrane domain of the human EGF receptor joined to sequences coding for the cytoplasmic domain of the avian erbB oncogene product was constructed. When expressed in Rat1 fibroblasts, this reconstituted gene product (HER-erbB) was transported to the cell surface and bound EGF. Its autophosphorylation activity was stimulated by interaction with the ligand. Expression of the HER-erbB chimera led to anchorage-independent cell growth in soft agar and EGF-induced focus formation in Rat1 monolayers. Thus, it appears that v-erbB protein sequences in the chimeric receptor retain their transforming activity under the influence of the human extracellular EGF-binding domain. PMID- 3494308 TI - Extended culture of mouse embryo cells without senescence: inhibition by serum. AB - Mouse embryo cells cultured in vitro in serum-supplemented media undergo growth crisis, resulting in the loss of genomically normal cells prior to the appearance of established, aneuploid cell lines. Mouse embryo cells established and maintained for multiple passages in the absence of serum did not exhibit growth crisis or gross chromosomal aberration. Cells cultured under these conditions were dependent on epidermal growth factor for survival. Proliferation was reversibly inhibited by serum or platelet-free plasma, suggesting that mouse embryo cultures maintained by conventional procedures are under the influence of inhibitory factors. PMID- 3494309 TI - Control protein for AIDS virus identified. PMID- 3494312 TI - Log-linear analyses of patterns of adoption behavior: U.S. white women, 1982, 1976, and 1973. PMID- 3494311 TI - Clinical obstetric use of arachidonic acid metabolites and potential adverse effects. PMID- 3494310 TI - Immunoblotting studies of coagulation factor XII, plasma prekallikrein, and high molecular weight kininogen. AB - Immunoblotting techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of FXII, PK, and HMWK in whole plasma are presented. Sensitive, specific, and quantitative immunodetection of FXII and PK can be achieved by developing the blots with polyclonal antiserum followed by radiolabeled FXII or PK, respectively. This approach is based on the assumption that bivalent antibodies bind monovalently to the NC-bound antigen and have available binding sites to bind radiolabeled antigen derived from the fluid phase. This radiolabeled antigen overlay principle may be generally useful for immunodetection of any trace protein in complex mixtures, provided that the radiolabeled purified antigen is available. Immunoblotting may also be helpful for the partial characterization of the structural or functional abnormalities of CRM-positive variant molecules. For example, earlier studies of a FXII-variant molecule that had been purified and characterized were supported by immunoblotting studies of the CRM-positive deficient plasma. Quantitative measurement of HMWK is possible using a monoclonal antibody directed against the light chain of HMWK followed by radiolabeled secondary antibody. Quantitation of cleaved and single-chain HMWK is possible using dilutions of dextran sulfate-activated NHP on unreduced SDS-PAGE and dilutions of unactivated NHP with reduced SDS-PAGE as standards. These assays allow assessment of the degree of in vivo activation of the contact system in various disease states. PMID- 3494313 TI - The repetition of parasuicide in Edinburgh 1980-1981. PMID- 3494315 TI - [Fibronectin in plasma and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3494314 TI - The prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students. PMID- 3494317 TI - Hearing loss in white South African goldminers. AB - Hearing thresholds of 2,667 white South African goldminers were determined in a cross-sectional survey. Median hearing thresholds at 1,000 Hz were comparable to those expected for men living in a developed society. For the frequencies 3,000 6,000 Hz, which are most affected by industrial noise, hearing thresholds were greater than expected and worsened with age relative to expected losses. The percentage of social impairment of hearing ranged from 0% in the youngest age group to 21.6% among those 58 years of age and over. Data from two surveys on the use of hearing protection indicate that it increased from 13.2% in 1979 to 17.2% in 1982. This level is probably still too low given the pervasiveness of noise in the goldmining industry. Some of the difficulties associated with a hearing conservation programme in the industry are discussed. PMID- 3494316 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Johannesburg. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is today an opportunistic infection of major importance, occurring in immunosuppressed patients. Twelve cases of P. carinii pneumonia were seen by the Pulmonology Unit in Johannesburg between November 1984 and December 1985. The clinical presentation, laboratory and radiographic features, method of diagnosis, treatment, complications of therapy and outcome of these 12 cases are described. PMID- 3494318 TI - The man who should not have pushed. PMID- 3494319 TI - Von Willebrand's disease in pregnancy. A case report. AB - A 30-year-old woman with von Willebrand's disease completed her third pregnancy uneventfully. She was infused during labour with fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. This is in keeping with the good outcome reported in the literature when management is appropriate and surveillance is maintained. PMID- 3494320 TI - Hypercholesterolaemia in the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula (CRISIC study). AB - A cross-sectional study of hypercholesterolaemia in a random sample of 976 subjects showed that hypercholesterolaemia was common in a coloured population. Of the males 17.4% and of the females 16.2% had total serum cholesterol values above 6.5 mmol/l. Using a cut-off point of 5.7 mmol/l the age-standardised prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was 34.5% for males and 32.9% for females. Age- and sex-specific cut-off points showed that 69.2% of males and 65.9% of females were at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) by virtue of the total cholesterol level. Of the males 19.1% and of the females 13.4% warranted investigation for possible familial hypercholesterolaemia. A protective high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was found in 61.2% of males and 51.9% of females. Hypercholesterolaemia was statistically significantly associated with a reported history and a familial history of CHD as well as with hypertension and diabetes in some groups studied. Unlike most cross-sectional studies this study showed that hypercholesterolaemic participants consumed more saturated fat and their diets had a higher Keys score than did normocholesterolaemic participants. Only 16.5% of males and 21.7% of females had modified their diets to prevent heart disease. High levels of total cholesterol were found to be associated with high levels of serum triglycerides and uric acid, high body mass index, high diastolic and systolic blood pressure and higher socio-economic standing. An education programme to initiate the dietary modifications that lead to the lowering of serum cholesterol levels is necessary to reduce CHD in the coloured population. PMID- 3494321 TI - Acute mixed-lineage leukaemia involving myeloid and T-cell phenotypes. A case report. AB - Among the rare acute mixed-lineage leukaemias, a myeloid T-cell phenotype has recently been recognised. An additional case characterised by myeloid cytochemistry, development of Auer rods in culture and Tdt, WT1 and T11 phenotypes on cell-marker analysis is reported. The patient died from disseminated non-reactive tuberculosis after chemotherapy. PMID- 3494322 TI - Etiology of nonvesicular genital ulcers in Winnipeg. AB - Twenty-eight patients with recent onset of nonvesicular ulcerative genital lesions were studied prospectively to define the microbial etiology. Causative agents identified included herpes simplex virus (HSV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Treponema pallidum. Three women and 25 men (seven of whom were homosexual) were studied. Ten patients did not have an etiology identified. Nine patients had syphilis, six had genital herpes, one had chancroid, one had granuloma inguinale, and one had a human bite injury. Six of seven homosexual men had syphilis, as compared with one of eight heterosexual men (P less than .002). Among heterosexual men, five had atypical HSV infections, three with extensive balanoposthitis and two with chancroidal ulcers. Of the clinical characteristics examined, induration of the ulcer base and tenderness on palpation were predictive of etiology, whereas numbers of ulcers and regional lymphadenopathy were not. H. ducreyi was not a common cause of genital ulcers in Winnipeg, and it was not found as a commensal or superinfecting organism in ulcers caused by other agents. PMID- 3494323 TI - Urethral trichomoniasis in men. AB - Three hundred twenty-five men with confirmed urethral trichomoniasis were seen at sexually transmitted diseases clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 1983-1984. The mean age of these patients was 30.4 years. The most common symptoms were urethral discharge and urethral irritation. Symptoms in 252 patients (78%) had been present for more than four weeks. Only 1.5% of 5548 patients with nontrichomonal nongonococcal urethritis had had symptoms for this length of time. In most patients with trichomoniasis (99.4%), the discharge was milky white and fluid in nature; when a smear of the discharge was made on a glass slide, small clumps of material were noted. Microscopic examination of the gram-stained smear showed relatively few polymorphonuclear leukocytes but many epithelial cells. Although Trichomonas vaginalis was readily demonstrated by microscopy of both urethral secretions and centrifuged deposits of urine, the organism was cultured only from urethral exudates. Concomitant infection with T. vaginalis was uncommon in patients with proved gonococcal urethritis. Treatment of trichomoniasis in men with a single 2-g dose of metronidazole was unsuccessful in 42.9% of cases. However, treatment with 400 mg of metronidazole thrice daily for five days gave a cure rate of 100%. PMID- 3494324 TI - Altered aortic protease and antiprotease activity in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Aortic elastase, antiprotease (a-1-antitrypsin) and total protein were assayed in 37 patients who underwent an operation on the abdominal aorta for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), an elective procedure for AAA or aortofemoral bypass for occlusive disease. Aortic elastase modified by local antiprotease activity (elastase/a-1-antitrypsin) was significantly higher in patients with a ruptured AAA compared with patients with an elective AAA or occlusive aortic disease: 241 nanograms per milligram of tissue in AAA-rupture versus 57 nanograms per milligram of tissue in AAA-elective versus 32 nanograms per milligram of tissue for occlusive (p less than 0.003). Patients with a ruptured AAA had the highest elastase activity (354 nanograms per milligram of tissue) and the lowest a-1-antitrypsin (1.07 nanograms per milligram of tissue) compared with patients with an elective AAA and occlusion (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the homeostatic balance between elastase and antiprotease may be significantly altered in the aortic wall at the time of aneurysm rupture. Increased elastase unchecked by low antiprotease results in increased elastin breakdown which may be the inciting event for rupture of a compromised, thin aortic aneurysm wall. PMID- 3494325 TI - A monoclonal antibody based immunoradiometric assay for von Willebrand factor: survey of a large patient group. PMID- 3494326 TI - Resynthesis by factor XIIa of the trypsin-cleaved peptide bond in the corn protease inhibitor. PMID- 3494327 TI - [Genetic aspects of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3494328 TI - Investigations into the mechanism of immunosuppression caused by acute treatment with O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate: generation of suppressive macrophages from treated animals. AB - At concentrations normally found in the spleen, macrophages from animals treated with O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP) for 24 hr were previously shown to be immunosuppressive (Rodgers et al., 1985b). In addition, it was shown that macrophages from OOS-TMP-treated animals had a diminished capacity to present antigen (Rodgers et al., 1985c). In this report, it was shown that lowering the number of splenic adherent cells (95% macrophages by morphology) utilized in cell mixing experiments to reconstitute the nonadherent splenic populations returned the humoral immune response to control levels. One day following acute administration of OOS-TMP, resident peritoneal cells were able to suppress the proliferation of P815 tumor cells. In addition, proliferative responses to concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide were decreased at suboptimal concentrations of mitogen. Fresh supernatants from splenocytes cultured for 24 hr from OOS-TMP treated animals blocked the generation of a humoral immune response. However, supernatants from splenocytes of control animals generated in the same manner did not block the generation of a humoral immune response. These data suggest that OOS-TMP induced the generation of suppressive macrophages which may potentially act through the release of labile factors which block proliferation or antigen- or mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 3494329 TI - Cardiovascular pathology induced by passive transfer of splenic cells from syngeneic rats treated with T-2 toxin. AB - Mononuclear cells were separated from spleens and lymph nodes of Lewis rats treated 5 weeks previously with repeated small doses of T-2 toxin or solvent only. The cells from each site were then injected intraperitoneally into 4 groups of syngeneic Lewis rats. The animals injected with spleen cells from T-2 toxin treated donors developed marked cardiovascular changes which were similar to those due to T-2 toxin itself. Rats injected with lymph node cells as well as those given each kind of cell from solvent-treated donors showed only occasional mild vascular changes. The changes seen after splenic cell transfer may be due to superinduction of interleukin 2 by T-2 toxin. PMID- 3494331 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in interstitial cystitis. Update on clinical experience. PMID- 3494330 TI - [Indications and contraindications to direct electric and acoustic stimulation of the upper urinary tract of patients with ureteral stones]. PMID- 3494332 TI - [Diagnosis of tumors of the acoustic nerve using computerized tomography and gas cisternography]. PMID- 3494334 TI - Zoonotic diseases. PMID- 3494333 TI - [Emergency diagnosis and surgical treatment of acute gastric hemorrhage in the Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. AB - The Mallory-Weiss syndrome was observed in 4.5% of 4154 patients with gastrointestinal bleedings. In 113 patients with arrest of the bleeding the conservative drug therapy was performed, in patients with continuing bleedings (76 patients)-endoscopic diathermic coagulation was fulfilled with complete and perfect hemostasis without complications and lethal outcomes. PMID- 3494335 TI - Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in mammary dry secretions, colostrum and blood of adult dairy cattle. AB - The distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations from dry secretions, colostrum and blood from 10 healthy adult Hostein-Fresian cows was studied using the TH21A and B26A mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to adult bovine B and T lymphocytes, respectively. The mammary gland lymphocytes (MGL) were isolated from composite sample of all four quarters by density centrifugation over discontinuous gradient of ficoll-diatrizoate. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were purified using the ficoll-thrombin method. Isolated PBL and MGL were analyzed using the two fluorochromes method (TFM) and laser flow cytometry (LFC). The mean viability of isolated PBL and MGL from dry secretions and colostrum after the TFM and LFC were 92.4% +/- 3.2%, 91.4% +/- 6.0% and 87.1% +/- 6.1%, respectively. There was a good correlation between the two MAbs and the percentage of surface immunoglobulin (SIg) positive cells in the peripheral blood using the TFM. The PBL yielded a mean percentage of 21.2% B cells, 66.4% T cells and 9.4% "Null cells" (TH21A+; SIg-). The TFM on MGL from dry secretions and colostrum indicated two distinct patterns (group I and II) of SIg and reactivity to MAb markers (p less than 0.001). The MGL data included in group I and group II were gathered from both colostral and dry secretions. In comparison to the distribution of lymphocyte subsets within peripheral blood the mean percentages of B cells, T cells and "Null cells" in the mammary gland were respectively, 2.8%, 88.1% and 5.4% for group I and 3.5%, 89.0% and 15.1% for group II. In the mammary secretions, the use of SIg alone was not considered to be a good marker for B cells; in four animals a mean percentage of 15.6% (13.9/89.0 X 100) of the mammary gland T lymphocytes were also SIg+. Of the TH21A+ MGL, only 18.8% were SIg+ in group II compared with 34.1% for MGL from group I and 69.3% for the PBL. Marked differences in cell size distribution and cell surface antigen density were found when PBL and MGL from dry secretions were compared by LFC using the B26A MAb. The results of this study demonstrate a difference in the percentages of peripheral blood and mammary gland B and T lymphocytes and confirm previous findings in which the T lymphocytes were found to represent the major subpopulation of lymphocytes in bovine mammary secretions. This may represent an essential event in the adoptive transfer of cellular immunity through the colostrum in cattle. PMID- 3494336 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for sheep IgG subclasses IgG1 or IgG2. AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific for sheep IgG subclasses IgG1 or IgG2 were produced using conventional cell fusion techniques. Monoclonal antibodies detected by preliminary screening assays were further characterized and their specificity verified by titration of ascites in radioimmunoassay or passive haemagglutination using pure sheep IgG1 or IgG2. Further evidence for the subclass specificity of the antibodies was obtained from immunoelectrophoretograms of sheep serum or purified proteins developed with monoclonal antibodies. Reaction of monoclonal antibodies with various IgG fragments showed that the determinants recognised were located on the pFc' portion of the heavy chain. PMID- 3494338 TI - [Cryosurgery of stage I-II basal cell skin cancer and its effect on various immunologic indices]. AB - 87 patients were treated by cryosurgery for stage I-II basal cell skin cancer. Changes in immunologic parameters were followed prior to and during surgery in 23 patients. Cryosurgery proved highly effective. Cryodestruction brought about an insignificant suppression of T-lymphocyte system. Most immunologic indexes returned to normal on day 21. Other systems of cellular and humoral immunity were not affected. PMID- 3494339 TI - [Role of the T-component of the immune system in the development of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 3494337 TI - [Active specific immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer following tumor removal]. AB - Total levels of lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes as well as concentrations of their theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant fractions were measured in 63 lung cancer patients, 5 cases of benign pulmonary tumors and 16 healthy controls. A significant decrease in T-lymphocyte and theophylline-resistant lymphocyte levels was registered in lung cancer patients. Forty-six radically-operated patients received 3 subcutaneous injections of an autologous tumor cell vaccine. The procedure was free of complications. It was followed by an improvement in cell-mediated immunity and produced a higher 2-year survival rate. PMID- 3494340 TI - [Immunologic indices of the cerebrospinal fluid in various diseases of the nervous system (review of the literature)]. PMID- 3494341 TI - Endoscopic laser treatment of gastrointestinal lesions at WVU Medical Center. PMID- 3494342 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical aspects and therapy of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K]. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K is one of the most important pathogens of communicable diseases. 3 to 5 million new infections are observed annually in the USA. 10% to 30% of young sexually active persons in the age group 15 to 20 years are affected. The organism was isolated from 20% to 30% of patients attending dispensaries for sexually transmitted diseases, 5% to 10% of gynaecological outpatients, 1% to 8% of pregnant women and 0% to 5% of asymptomatic control persons. In men, C. trachomatis was found in 30% to 70% of patients with urethritis (15% to 25% simultaneously with gonorrhoea), in 30% to 60% of persons suffering from nongonoccocal urethritis and in 65% to 70% with postgonoccocal urethritis. 20% of newborns from mothers with positive cultures develop pneumonia and 37% conjunctivitis. Complications such as endometritis, salpingitis, periappendicitis, perihepatitis, ectopic pregnancy, premature birth, proctitis, cystitis, deferenitis, epididymitis, reactive arthritis, morbus Reiter, conjunctivitis, pneumonia (in infants and adults) may cause long lasting disease and may leave behind irreversible sequelae. Treatment with tetracyclines or erythromycin is always effective. PMID- 3494344 TI - Immunological study on autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis. PMID- 3494343 TI - [Incidence of bronchitis in Vienna. Studies on the detection of the incidence of chronic bronchitis in Vienna]. AB - Exact epidemiological studies about the frequency of respiratory tract disease are difficult to perform. Vague definitions and inhomogeneous examination modalities render a comparison of results difficult. Some statements can be made. Chronic bronchitis occurs more often in males. The significance increases with advancing age. Smoking habits are of utmost importance. Indoor and outdoor air pollution is without doubt a significant agent in the etiology of chronic respiratory disease. PMID- 3494345 TI - [Fibronectin and diseases in internal medicine]. PMID- 3494346 TI - [Epidemiologic study of labyrinth disorders]. PMID- 3494347 TI - [Effect of meteorologic environmental factors on the incidence of accidents]. PMID- 3494348 TI - [Incidence, kind and intensity of stomatologic diseases throughout life]. PMID- 3494350 TI - [Results of lateral electrical surface stimulation in scoliosis]. AB - A group of 26 out of 32 patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated by lateral external electric stimulation within the last 4 years was examined. In about 80% an arrest of progression or an improvement of the spinal curvature was found within 2 years. The average improvement was 7.6 degrees Cobb. A good effect can be expected in scoliosis with a Cobb angle up to 25 degrees. Analysis showed that good flexibility, low rotation, low Risser sign and Harrington factor seem to be decisive for a successful treatment. Even if the range of electrostimulation can be extended in the future up to higher degrees of spinal curvature it is doubtful that electrostimulation can substitute orthotic treatment in the whole established spectrum. PMID- 3494351 TI - [Experience in using pulsating currents in the treatment of various dermatoses]. PMID- 3494349 TI - [AIDS in a child with a LAV/HTLV-III infected mother]. AB - The clinical course of AIDS in a child of a HTLV III virus infected drug addicted mother is reported. Aged 7 month the baby died from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The clinical course prior to the final lethal infection was remarkably uneventful. Immunological controls revealed strikingly high immunoglobulin values, whereas only minor changes of cellular immunity were observed. At birth the baby had HTLV III antibodies as her mother, which dropped during the course of the disease to borderline values. PMID- 3494352 TI - [Chromatic component of the frog electroretinogram]. AB - To single out the chromatic constituent of frog electroretinogram the method of great (superthreshold) differences between stimuli is used. The stimuli are presented as instantly replaced colour flashes. It is shown that the amplitude of the b-wave of the electroretinogram recorded during the replacement of the equally bright stimuli is determined only by their colour difference. PMID- 3494353 TI - Growth of young children in Anguganak, West Sepik Province. PMID- 3494354 TI - Hookworm, Strongyloides and other intestinal helminths in children admitted to hospital in Lae, Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3494355 TI - [2 nonspecific cecal ulcers in a 6-year-old child as a cause of intestinal hemorrhage]. AB - This is a report on recurrent rectal bleedings in a 6-year-old boy caused by 2 non-specific ulcers of the caecum. These ulcers are extremely rare in childhood and their aetiology is unknown. In this case the causative factor was supposed to be a preliminary cortisone therapy. The diagnosis of these ulcers is quite difficult because of the absence of any specific symptoms. X-ray and endoscopy of the colon often fail to give reliable results. Usually the diagnosis can be obtained only by laparotomy and histology. In therapy hemicolectomy is suggested to prevent perforation as the most usual complication. During conservative treatment coloscopic findings have to be controlled constantly. PMID- 3494357 TI - [Missed humeral fracture in multiple injury of the arm]. PMID- 3494356 TI - [Longitudinal studies in children with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis with special reference to selected immune parameters]. AB - In children with a glomerulonephritis the immune laboratory parameters used by us showed deviations from the norm which are necessary to be pursued. This particularly concerns the differentiation of B- and T-cells, the determination of the subpopulations of the T-cells, furthermore also the control of the serum-IgM as well as the investigation of complement and C-factors 3 and 4, respectively. The laboratory methods mentioned deserve to be compared with and related to clinical, paraclinical and renal bioptic data of the GN-patients. Such correlations promise deeper insights into the pathogenic connections of certain forms of glomerulonephritis and possibly also as statement concerning the control of therapy. PMID- 3494358 TI - [Spontaneous rectal sheath hematoma]. PMID- 3494359 TI - [Acute blood coagulation disorders in pregnancy--changing patterns in the disease picture]. AB - The syndrome of coagulation defects in obstetrics was detected as cause for obstetrical hemorrhage during the 50 years. Some of the etiologic factors like the dead fetus syndrome or the salting out syndrome have vanished. Amniotic fluid embolism is the only syndrome which is clearly associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. This connection between premature separation is less clear. One concept assumes that the plasma fibrinogen concentration is low because it is consumed in the retroplacental hematoma. Heparin treatment can be fatal if DIC is mistaken with a "loss coagulopathy", which is at present mostly responsible for coagulation defects and obstetrical hemorrhage. This indicates a change in pattern of disease which is due to a better pathophysiologic understanding. PMID- 3494360 TI - [Effect of oxidative metabolism inhibitors on ADH-dependent transport of water in the bladder of Rana temporaria]. AB - It has been demonstrated that inhibitors of oxidative metabolism--rotenone, amytal, antimycin A, oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol--block hydroosmotic response of the urinary bladder of the frog to pituitrin, cAMP and serosal hypertonicity caused by 200 mosm mannitol. Electron donors sodium ascorbate and phenasinemethasulphate completely abolish the inhibitory effect of rotenone and antimycin A (but not of oligomycin). It is concluded that intracellular reactions which are sensitive to the effect of the inhibitors of oxidative metabolism, begin from the step after cAMP formation. PMID- 3494361 TI - [Hereditary effects of artificial selection of sperm for the endurance trait in the carp Cyprinus carpio and the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Studies have been made of the effect of artificial selection of parental sperm by maximum motility time (maximum tolerance) on the body length in carp larva and heat resistance level of muscle tissue in tadpoles. Sperm selection increases mean values of these parameters due to the increase in the progeny of the relative number of long-sized individuals and individuals with higher heat resistance of muscle fibers. PMID- 3494362 TI - [Innervation and acetylcholine sensitivity of muscle fibers of the tail of the tadpole Rana temporaria]. AB - Changes in the distribution of Ach-sensitivity in two types of muscle fibers in the tail of the tadpoles as well as the innervation pattern of these fibers have been investigated during metamorphosis. It was shown by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine that the entire muscle membrane exhibits Ach-sensitivity only during premetamorphosis. Ultrastructural studies revealed mature nerve-muscle junctions at this stage of development of the tadpoles. At later stages (prometamorphosis), Ach-sensitivity decreased and finally (climax) became restricted by the innervation region. It is suggested that special neurotrophic regulation of extra-junctional Ach-sensitivity takes place in myotomal muscles of the tadpoles. PMID- 3494364 TI - Impaired left ventricular diastolic function in acromegaly: an echocardiographic study. AB - To study diastolic function we digitized M-mode echocardiograms in 18 acromegalic patients (A) and compared them to an age matched control population (C). Wall thickness and left ventricular (LV) mass index are frankly increased in A (p less than 0.001). Filling pattern of the LV shows in A a prolongation of the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) (p less than 0.001), an increase of the percentage dimension change of LV during IRP (p less than 0.001) and a reduction of the percentage dimension change during the rapid filling period (p less than 0.01). Our results indicate that relaxation is abnormal in A; this abnormality should be interpreted as a mere consequence of LV hypertrophy. PMID- 3494363 TI - [A new method of applying a tuberculin ointment for cutaneous use compared to the Mantoux test]. AB - The method for the applications of tuberculin ointment for the skin test by means of special aluminum chambers (Finn Chambers, obtained from Epitest Ltd. OY, Finland) was approved after trial. For control, the Mantoux test (intracutaneous tuberculin test) was used. The results of these two tests, made in parallel, were found to coincide in children with clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, or infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in 84% of cases. The tuberculin skin test with the use of Finn Chambers proved to be more sparing, painless and safe. At the present stage of investigation, the new skin test may be recommended for children of preschool age. PMID- 3494365 TI - Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy: clinicopathologic correlates in 64 consecutive patients. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy is a safe, reliable, and reproducible technique to confirm or establish the diagnosis of the pathology that affects cardiac function in conditions previously classified as cardiomyopathies of unknown cause. The first 64 consecutive patients to undergo endomyocardial biopsy were reviewed to determine its utility in various clinical settings. Furthermore a review of literature relating to endomyocardial biopsy is presented. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that endomyocardial biopsy is indicated in the clinical setting of dilated cardiomyopathy, for evaluating underlying myocarditis. In patients with dysrhythmias or clinical myocarditis, endomyocardial biopsy may disclose myocarditis or changes consistent with congestive cardiomyopathy. In patients with systemic disease endomyocardial biopsy is instructive to prove or to exclude myocardial involvement. In patients with angina-like chest pain but with normal coronary angiograms or exercise tests, endomyocardial biopsy may prove underlying heart disease. PMID- 3494366 TI - Complete occlusion of the main left coronary artery. A clinical study. AB - Between 1975 and 1985, 12 patients with complete occlusion of the main left coronary artery (MLCA) were seen. The historical, clinical, biochemical, radiological, electrocardiographic, angiographical, surgical and follow-up findings were analyzed. Eight of the 12 patients presented on admission an unstable clinical situation. A normal ECG at rest was found in only 3 patients. Exercise testing elicited definite electrocardiographic changes in 5 of 6 cases. Coronary atherosclerosis was the cause of occlusion in 11 patients; in 1 patient the underlying disease process remained unclear. Significant lesions of the right coronary artery (RCA) were found in 9 and of the left anterior descending (LAD) or circonflex (CFLX) artery in 6 patients. Global and/or regional left ventricular dysfunction at rest was present in 10 patients. Angiographically visible collateral circulation was found in all patients but its extent was variable. All patients underwent bypass surgery. There were 1 operative and 2 late deaths. PMID- 3494367 TI - Slow-release nifedipine: effect on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in essential hypertension. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orally administered, slow release, nifedipine tablets on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and heart rate, in hospital patients with clinical diagnosis of hypertension validated by a chronobiologic inferential statistic method. A group of 14 patients (nine women and five men, 47 to 71 years old) with clinical diagnosis of "essential hypertension" underwent automatic blood pressure and heart rate monitoring in a hospital room for 48 hours. Measurements were taken every 15 min by an oscillometric instrument with automatically inflated cuff. The patients received no treatment during the two proceeding weeks and the first day of the study. On the second day, slow-release nifedipine tablets were administered, one at 10 a.m. and one at 10 p.m. A highly significant circadian rhythm was documented for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, both in basal conditions and after nifedipine. Blood pressure mesors were higher than reference standards in basal conditions, and were lowered (average decrease = 20 mmHg for systolic and 9 mmHg for diastolic mesor) by nifedipine. A significant, though minor, elevation of heart rate mesor (from 70 to 75 b.p.m.) was also noted during treatment. The circadian amplitudes of blood pressure and heart rate did not differ significantly before and during treatment. In conclusion, the circadian rhythm of blood pressure is still present with the same amplitude after slow-release nifedipine, but is set at a lower pressure level. Heart rate rhythm is also preserved, with only a minor elevation of its mesor. PMID- 3494368 TI - Reproducibility and reliability of first pass radionuclide ventriculography with Au-195m. Validation of Au-195m radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Au-195m is a radio-isotope with an ultra-short half-life with which multiple sequential evaluations of ventricular function can be made. In order to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of analyses of overall and regional ventricular function by radio-isotope ventriculography with Au-195m we studied 10 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with coronary artery disease. Each subject underwent 4 first-pass studies: 1 with Tc-99m and, 10 minutes later, 3 with Au 195m (2 basal studies separated by 3-5 minutes interval and, 10 minutes later, 1 after s.l. nitroglycerin administration). Regional wall motion was analyzed and ejection fraction and peak count rate were determined in each test. Our study showed that the ejection fraction obtained with Au-195m was reproducible (r = 0.98) and correlated well with the ejection fraction determined by using Tc-99m (r = 0.98). The values of the peak count rate obtained with Tc-99m were higher than those obtained with Au-195m. Due to the specially designed collimator and the technical characteristics of the gamma-camera we used, we were able to record sufficiently high count-rates to evaluate regional wall motion, and this analysis was also found to be reliable and reproducible. After s.l. nitroglycerin administration, normal volunteers showed a significant increase of ejection fraction in comparison with basal acquisitions (p less than 0.05), while a wide range of responses was observed in the group of patients with coronary artery disease. We conclude that radio-isotope ventriculography with Au-195m is reliable and reproducible and could be a valid method of monitoring rapid variations induced in overall and regional left ventricular function. PMID- 3494369 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in the very elderly. A comparison with younger age groups. AB - In a consecutive series of 2312 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted from 1973 till 1979, 188 were 80 years or older (group III). They were compared with 1167 patients younger than 65 years (group I) and 957 aged 65 to 79 years (group II). The sex ratio (males/females) fell from 5.46 in group I to 0.9 in group III. Group III patients had more frequently a history of previous heart failure and more often atypical or no chest pain before admission. Less group III patients were admitted within 4 hours after onset of symptoms, but the incidence of heart failure, pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock on admission and during CCU stay was definitely higher than in younger patients. Atrial arrhythmias, 2nd and 3rd degree atrioventricular block, complete bundle branch block and intraventricular conduction disturbances occurred more frequently in group III. The electrocardiographic extent and location of the infarction and peak enzyme levels were similar in the three groups. Mortality in group III was 43.6% at the 28th day and 76.6% at one year after AMI. At different intervals after the onset of AMI mortality increased progressively from group I to III. Age by itself, probably on the basis of definite structural changes of the heart and of other organs occurring during aging, leads to higher early and late mortality in very elderly people. PMID- 3494370 TI - Presence of epidermal growth factor receptors on human thyroid membranes. AB - The nature of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in normal and pathological thyroid membranes was studied on a crude membrane fraction (10,000 X g pellet) of tissue homogenate. Optimal binding of 125I-EGF to human thyroid membranes was obtained at 25 degrees C with 1-h incubation at pH 7.4. The study revealed the presence of both high and low affinity receptors in normal and pathological thyroid membranes. The association constants of high affinity receptor (3.2 X 10( 9) mol/l) and of low affinity receptor (1.8 X 10(-8) mol/l) observed in normal thyroid membranes were similar to those of thyroid membranes from neoplastic as well as thyrotoxic thyroid tissues. [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of cultured human thyroid cells was stimulated by EGF in a dose-dependent manner. A half-maximal stimulation was found around 1 X 10(-10) mol/l. These results suggest that EGF may have a possible role in the regulation of thyroid growth and function in physiological and pathological situations. PMID- 3494372 TI - Malignant lymphomas and related disorders--a pathological study. PMID- 3494371 TI - A radioimmunoassay for bone Gla protein (BGP) in human plasma. AB - To study the value of bone Gla protein (BGP) as a biochemical marker of normal bone physiology and metabolic bone disorders, we have developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of BGP in human plasma. Antibodies were generated in rabbits immunized with purified calf BGP conjugated to thyroglobulin. Human plasma BGP reacted identically with the calf BGP standard, thus demonstrating the suitability of the assay to measure plasma BGP levels in man. The RIA is sensitive, accurate, and technically simple. Plasma BGP levels were determined in normal subjects (N = 35) and in patients with hypothyroidism (N = 10), hyperthyroidism (N = 22) and chronic renal failure (N = 35). The mean (+/- 1 SEM) concentration of plasma BGP in normal subjects was 1.27 +/- 0.07 nmol/l. Plasma BGP was significantly increased in patients with hyperthyroidism, 4.04 +/- 0.78 nmol/l (P less than 0.001) and chronic renal failure, 10.17 +/- 2.47 nmol/l (P less than 0.001). Low concentrations were found in patients with hypothyroidism, 0.74 +/- 0.11 nmol/l (P less than 0.01). Our studies indicate that plasma BGP provides a useful technique in the diagnosis of patients with bone disease. PMID- 3494373 TI - Thrombopoiesis and hemopoietic stem cell competition. PMID- 3494374 TI - The influence of semicircular canal morphology on endolymph flow dynamics. An anatomically descriptive mathematical model. AB - The classic Steinhausen/Groen mathematical description of endolymph flow in a toroidal semicircular canal is extended to the case where the size, shape, and curvature of the canal lumen change continuously through the duct, utricle, and ampulla. The resulting second-order differential equation has three coefficients, unlike the equation of a torsion pendulum, which has only two. The salient anatomical parameters which determine endolymph motion are: the length of the central streamline occupying the center of the canal lumen; the area enclosed by this streamline as projected into the plane of rotation; the average inverse cross-sectional area of the lumen (taken around the central streamline); and the average inverse squared cross-sectional area, weighted by a local wall shape factor. These parameters are evaluated and the average displacement of the face of the cupula is estimated for the human, guinea pig, and rat, based on new anatomical data presented in companion papers. The model predicts that the dynamic range of human average cupula motion lies between 520 A and 10 microns. PMID- 3494377 TI - Abnormal immune responses during hypozincaemia in acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - Immune responses were characterized in six patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica during a break in zinc supplementation and during resupplementation. During hypozincaemia the number of T-cells increased but the amount of B-cells and the responses of T- and B-lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A-, pokeweed mitogen- and Staphylococcus aureus stimulations in vitro were subnormal. Cell counts and stimulation results both normalized when serum zinc values improved. One patient was anergic to tuberculin while showing signs of acrodermatitis enteropathica; she converted during supplementation whereas the others were continuously positive. Three females had antibodies against nuclear antigens and slightly elevated serum IgE concentrations; these values were not affected by the break in supplementation. Four females were continuously rheumatoid factor positive. Our findings suggest that zinc deficiency is closely associated with impaired immune responses in patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica, and laboratory markers of autoimmunity occur in a considerable number of the acrodermatitis enteropathica patients, irrespective of their zinc status. PMID- 3494376 TI - Age-related anti-thyroid antibodies and thyroid abnormalities in Turner syndrome. AB - One hundred pediatric patients with Turner syndrome were studied to determine the correlation between the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies with age and karyotype, and the value of anti-thyroid antibody titers as predictors of subsequent thyroid abnormalities. (54 patients = 45,X; 46 = other karyotypes.) The frequency of positive titers of anti-thyroid antibodies increased linearly with cumulative age. Anti-parietal cell and anti-adrenocortical cell antibodies were not increased in these patients (1.3 and 2.6% respectively). The ability to use positive anti-thyroid antibody titers to predict the development of thyroid abnormalities increased from age 10 years and became statistically significant at ages 13-17 years for the whole group as well as 45,X patients. None of the patients had clinical symptoms of thyroid dysfunction although 22% developed thyroid abnormalities, which included elevated TSH, low T4, and/or goiter. PMID- 3494375 TI - Pursuit opposite to the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during sinusoidal stimulation in humans. AB - Pursuit opposite to a simultaneously activated vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was tested during passive sinusoidal body oscillations (0.1-1.0 Hz, amplitudes 10-80 degrees) about the vertical axis in 4 healthy humans, while subjects were asked to pursue a small target moving in phase with the rotating chair with about half its amplitude relative to the head and 1.5 times its amplitude with respect to space. The decrease in gain of the pursuit opposite to the VOR occurred at lower stimulus frequency, stimulus velocity and stimulus acceleration than pure visual pursuit when gain was calculated in relation to target motion in head coordinates. It resembles that of pure pursuit when calculated in relation to target motion in space (earth coordinates, sum of the displacements of the mirror image and of the chair) thus taking the oppositely directed VOR into account. The data fit the assumption of a linear interaction of the VOR (in counterphase) and pursuit. PMID- 3494378 TI - Determinants of microangiopathy in growth-onset diabetes. With special reference to retinopathy and glycaemic control. AB - In a quasi-experiment all diabetic children in a defined area were exposed either to an intense clinical treatment or served as a constructed control. The cohort of 146 diabetics was observed prospectively for at least 15 years as to diabetic control, mainly glycosuria, and cross-sectionally examined for microangiopathy on four occasions. Data on family background, social situation, smoking, blood pressure, biochemical status, anthropometry, HLA factors and mortality were also gathered. Throughout the analysis duration was considered and treated as a concomitant variable. Two different strategies have been followed in the analysis, one trying to predict microangiopathy at a fixed and predetermined duration, the other to study determinants of the pattern of microangiopathy occurrence over time. Multiple logistic regression and Cox analysis have been used to fit these strategies. The prevalence of microaneurysms or more advanced stages of retinopathy at 10 years duration was 30 per cent and within 20 years 81 per cent. About 52 per cent had haemorrhages after 20 years. Mild and severe nephropathy after 20 years have been contracted by 50 and 15 per cent respectively. No clear sex differences were seen. Variables significantly explaining retinopathy within 10 years were post-pubertal duration, blood pressure, place of medical supervision and the HLA/DR4 marker. The mean glycosuria was high during puberty irrespective of age at onset. The overall pattern of retinopathy occurrence seemed to be influenced by place of medical supervision, age at onset, blood pressure, family history of ischaemic heart disease and glycemic control. For the progression of retinopathy the role of factors reflecting medical supervision and control of diabetes seemed even greater. Even after accounting for degree of diabetic control the experimental group had a more favourable outcome, suggesting additional quality of care components. Mild nephropathy was less predictable from the above risk factors while previous findings of the important role of elevated blood pressure for severe nephropathy was confirmed. We estimate that half of retinopathy cases were preventable by the "experimental" care and conclude the near-normalization of glycaemia under routine conditions favourably influences the development of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3494379 TI - Vaginal lactobacilli inhibiting growth of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus and other bacterial species cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis. AB - On a solid agar medium the growth-inhibitory effect of 9 Lactobacillus strains cultured from vaginal content was tested on bacteria cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis: Mobiluncus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides and anaerobic cocci. Inhibition zones were observed in the growth of all of the strains isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis around all lactobacilli. The inhibitory effect of the lactobacilli was further tested on various anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic species, both type strains and fresh extragenitally cultured strains. Four Bacteroides fragilis strains as well as 2 out of 4 Staphylococcus aureus strains were clearly inhibited by the lactobacilli. The inhibition zones were generally wider at pH 5.5 than at 6.0. For all inhibited strains, (the S. aureus excepted) a low pH on the agar around the lactobacilli correlated to wider growth-inhibition zones. PMID- 3494380 TI - Quantitative determination of beta-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus strains compared to qualitative testing by a microbiological clover leaf test, a chromogenic cephalosporin test and a iodometric test. AB - One hundred and twelve beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus with known quantitative production were investigated together with 45 non-beta lactamase producing derivatives by three qualitative beta-lactamase tests: the microbiological clover leaf test, the iodometric tube test and a chromogenic cephalosporin disc test. For the beta-lactamase producing strains strong positive reactions in the qualitative tests were not correlated with high beta-lactamase production, large degree of extracellularity or high induction ratio in any of the tests. Low beta-lactamase production was not correlated to weak reactions. Best results in identifying beta-lactamase production were obtained using the iodometric test in which 109 of 112 beta-lactamase producing strains were positive and no false positive reactions were observed. Some strains had only weak positive reactions but they were easily read. The clover leaf test and the chromogenic cephalosporin test detected 105 and 107 of 112 strains, respectively. The chromogenic cephalosporin disc test had more weakly reacting strains, which were difficult to read, especially among strains of phage type 95. Three non-beta lactamase producing strains of phage type 95 were positive in the clover leaf test. It is concluded that the iodometric tube test is the most useful one for qualitative determination of beta-lactamase production in S. aureus. It is recommended as control when normal susceptibility testing for penicillin has shown susceptibility or doubtful susceptibility. Furthermore, it is useful when no susceptibility testing has been carried out and a rapid result is needed. PMID- 3494381 TI - Do we still need beds for psychiatric patients? An analysis of changing patterns of mental health care. AB - While the utilization of outpatient psychiatric care increased steeply in the last few decades, the number of beds in psychiatric hospitals declined continuously in most countries. The future need for psychiatric hospital beds is influenced by changes in psychiatric morbidity, the range of services offered by mental hospitals and the availability of alternative forms of care for the chronically ill. A prospective cohort study conducted in Mannheim showed that currently, at a favourable standard of complementary service provision, one quarter of the schizophrenic patients requiring institutional care for more than one year - schizophrenics are the largest group of mental patients in need of long-term residential care - still need to be treated in mental hospitals. Beyond this threshold value the costs of alternative care exceed those of a continuous inpatient treatment, and, concurrently with them, the burden upon the people involved grows. Estimates of the future need can be made on the basis of field surveys, utilization data of a population and an analysis of long-term trends by using case register data. Provided a well-functioning system of alternative and outpatient mental health services is available, psychiatric bed ratios covering the actual needs in developed countries seem to range from 0.5 to 0.8 per 1000 population over 15 for the short-stay group and from 0.3 to 0.6 per 1000 for long stay patients. The uncertainty inherent in the estimates requires a sufficient degree of flexibility in service planning and a continuous monitoring to make adjustments to changed conditions possible. PMID- 3494382 TI - Suicide patterns among physicians related to other academics as well as to the general population. Results from a national long-term prospective study and a retrospective study. AB - In the present study, we have followed a national cohort of physicians, academics and the general population (part of the compulsory census in 1960) for a period of 10 years and identified all cases of suicide during the period 1961-1970. Furthermore, we have carried out a retrospective study of suicides among the four major medical specialist groups (general practitioners, internists, psychiatrists and general surgeons) and compared these rates with other medical specialists. Results show an elevated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide among female physicians compared to other academics as well as to the general population. Furthermore, male doctors exhibit an elevated suicide rate only when compared to other academics. Among the various specialists, general surgeons alone exhibited a significantly elevated suicide rate. The study clearly shows that female physicians are more prone to suicide than most other women, but that male physicians are also at risk compared to other male academics. Furthermore, at least in Sweden, general surgeons, not psychiatrists, have the highest suicide rate of all physicians. PMID- 3494383 TI - Induction of metallothionein synthesis in cultured cells by substances released from endotoxin-activated macrophages. AB - The involvement of macrophages in the induction of metallothionein (MT) synthesis by bacterial endotoxin was studied in vitro. Rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with endotoxin. The incubation medium from endotoxin-activated macrophages accelerated MT synthesis by human hepatic Chang cells. However, the incubation medium from non-activated macrophages did not. Endotoxin added to the culture medium of Chang cells was ineffective in inducing MT synthesis. The contents of zinc, copper and cadmium, which are primary inducers of MT, in the incubation medium of macrophages in the presence of endotoxin were not different from those in the absence of endotoxin. These results suggest that MT synthesis is induced by endotoxin-treated macrophages. PMID- 3494384 TI - Localized primary amyloidosis of the stomach presenting with gastric hemorrhage. AB - We report a patient with localized, primary gastric amyloidosis, who presented with recurrent hematemesis, a rare presentation for an unusual disease. The patient was initially thought to have stomach cancer because of the X-ray and gastroscopic appearance of the gastric mucosa, but was eventually found to have primary amyloidosis confined to the stomach and regional lymph nodes. The amyloid was found to be of immunoglobulin origin, AL amyloid. Other reports of localized gastric amyloidosis are reviewed and compared with the present case. Most of the patients were clinically suspected of gastric carcinoma, and only one had hematemesis. We propose that amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hematemesis and gastric tumors. PMID- 3494385 TI - Rehabilitation of elderly coronary patients. PMID- 3494386 TI - Return to work after myocardial infarction and coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3494389 TI - Ontogeny of T cells in the pig fetus. PMID- 3494388 TI - Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 administration on serum bone GLA protein in predialysis chronic renal failure. PMID- 3494387 TI - Serum bone gla-protein compared to bone histomorphometry in hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 3494390 TI - Acute ischemia as a contributing factor in torsade de pointes: treatment by coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3494391 TI - Spasm of saphenous veins used as conduits for aortocoronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3494393 TI - Isolated IgG4 subclass deficiency and malignant lymphoma in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3494392 TI - Vitamin D status in the elderly: seasonal substrate deficiency causes 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency. AB - The seasonal variation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol was analyzed in 240 elderly subjects (mean age: 78 yr) in Belgium. Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was lowest from February until May (mean levels less than 25 nmol/L). Summer peak levels were, however, not higher than nadir levels in younger control subjects. A seasonal variation in total and free 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations was also observed in the geriatric population with a nadir in February and March (50 +/- 24 pmol/L). The peak values in summer (110 +/- 33 pmol/L) were not different from those of the younger controls. Serum calcium and phosphate were decreased whereas alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone were increased throughout the year in the geriatric patients. Oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment rapidly normalized serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in vitamin D-deficient subjects. Deficiency of both the vitamin D substrate and hormone is frequent in the elderly population in Belgium. PMID- 3494394 TI - Infantile colic and type of milk feeding. AB - The prevalence of colic with respect to the type of milk feeding in the first 17 weeks of life was assessed by questioning the parents of 964 healthy infants aged 2 to 52 weeks. There was a similar prevalence of colic in infants fed human milk (20%), formula (19%), and formula-supplemented human milk (21%). Intestinal damage, determined by measuring random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations in 206 infants aged 2 to 17 weeks and fecal hemoglobin concentrations in 200 of these, was not more likely in infants with colic at the time of study. The occurrence of adverse reactions at the time of introduction of fresh whole cow's milk into the diet of previously colicky infants was uncommon. Our results suggest that dietary protein hypersensitivity is probably not the cause of colic in most healthy young infants. PMID- 3494395 TI - Vitiligo and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. PMID- 3494396 TI - Clinical and laboratory changes induced by alpha interferon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia--a pilot study. AB - Ten chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were treated with partially pure alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) at doses ranging from 3-9 X 10(6) units administered intramuscularly daily. Of these patients, three patients with disease stages 0, 1, and 3 (and prolymphocytic leukemia), respectively, responded with partial remissions lasting from 10 to 24+ months; four additional patients had minor responses. Among those responding, modulation of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, surface immunoglobulins, and surface antigens were observed in four patients. These changes included a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin without change in the number of the B cells. Likewise, a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing T-1 antigen was observed in three patients. Increase in the percentage of T cells, primarily the T helper cells, was seen in two of the responding patients. Specific binding of alpha interferon was demonstrated prior to therapy in CLL cells of all patients. This binding declined rapidly following treatment with IFN-alpha. Induction of the enzyme 2'5' oligoisoadenylate synthetase was examined in CLL patients prior to and during therapy with IFN-alpha. Variable levels of the enzyme were induced in all patients on therapy; however, only minimal induction was observed in two of three patients failing therapy. PMID- 3494398 TI - HLA-DR4 and pulmonary dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with an increased frequency of the B cell alloantigen HLA-DR4, and preliminary work has suggested an association between HLA-DR4 and obstructive lung disease in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. To prospectively evaluate the influence of HLA-DR4 on pulmonary involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary function was measured in four groups of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis in whom HLA-DR4 and smoking status was known: 16 DR4-positive smokers (six current and 10 exsmokers), 16 DR4 negative smokers (six current and 10 exsmokers), eight DR4-positive nonsmokers, and eight DR4-negative nonsmokers. Significant reductions in one-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity were observed in DR4-positive subjects compared with DR4-negative subjects irrespective of cigarette smoking status. In addition, patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (secondary Sjogren's syndrome) demonstrated significant reductions in one-second forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, and ratio of one-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity compared with those patients without evidence of secondary Sjogren's syndrome. It is concluded that the presence of the HLA-DR4 antigen and secondary Sjogren's syndrome are associated with abnormal pulmonary function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3494397 TI - Identification and preliminary validation of predictors of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy. AB - Among 617 hospitalized patients who started long-term anticoagulant therapy, major bleeding developed before discharge in 28 (5 percent) and minor bleeding in another 38 (6 percent), with daily incidence rates of 0.4 and 0.5 percent, respectively. The most common site of bleeding was gastrointestinal, and one patient died from bleeding. Four independent risk factors for major in-hospital bleeding were identified and weighted using multivariate discriminant analysis in a randomly chosen group of 411 patients: co-morbid conditions other than the indication for anticoagulant therapy (specific signs of heart, liver, or kidney dysfunction, cancer, and severe anemia); the use of heparin to begin therapy in patients age 60 years or older; the intensity of therapy (measured by the maximal prothrombin time or partial thromboplastin time); and liver dysfunction that worsened during treatment. These findings were validated in an independent testing group of 206 patients; the risk factors identified 151 patients at low (1 percent) risk of major bleeding, 33 at moderate (6 percent) risk, and 22 at high (23 percent) risk. The accuracy and clinical impact of this prediction rule should be evaluated further in other hospitals. PMID- 3494399 TI - Post-transplantation T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - Immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients are at increased risk for large cell lymphoma of B cell phenotype. This report describes a case of post transplantation lymphoma presenting with a mediastinal mass causing superior vena cava syndrome, tracheal obstruction, and pleural effusion. Cytospin preparations of pleural fluid documented high-grade lymphoblastic lymphoma morphology and immature T cell (cortical thymocyte) phenotype: Leu 1-6-positive, Leu 9-positive, Tdt-positive, B-negative, Calla-positive. The occurrence of post-transplantation lymphoma of T cell lineage is inconsistent with the postulated Epstein-Barr virus origin and raises important questions regarding the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. PMID- 3494400 TI - Cutaneous necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis with evolution to T cell lymphoma. AB - The evolution of unusual cutaneous vasculitis to a systemic T cell lymphoma was observed over a 12-year period. Precise classification of the skin biopsy specimens during the course of this patient's illness was difficult. Different observers suggested malignant hemangioendothelioma, malignant lymphoma, regressing atypical histiocytosis, and granulomatous vasculitis. In retrospect, the biopsy specimens likely represented the spectrum of cutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis. This condition is yet another example of a reactive lymphoid proliferation proceeding to a malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3494401 TI - Pulmonary emphysema: current concepts of pathogenesis. AB - Pulmonary emphysema is a major public health problem and is primarily a disease of smokers. The pathogenesis of emphysema in smokers is likely to be multifactorial and may involve protease-antiprotease imbalance, abnormal host response to injury, the inactivation of antiproteases by oxidants, and direct damage of lung tissue by pulmonary phagocytes. The data regarding current concepts of pathogenesis of emphysema in smokers are reviewed in this article. PMID- 3494403 TI - Interleukin-2 and killer T cells. PMID- 3494402 TI - Interleukin-2. PMID- 3494404 TI - Clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic analysis of bilateral ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms in 17 patients. AB - We investigated the clinical, morphologic, immunologic, and molecular genetic characteristics of the lymphoid tumors occurring in 17 patients with bilateral ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasia. We found no obvious differences in the age, sex, clinical appearance, or ophthalmic findings between patients with unilateral and those with bilateral ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms. Five orbital and two conjunctival lymphoid neoplasms removed from five patients were polyclonal pseudolymphomas, while nine orbital, eight conjunctival, and two eyelid lymphoid neoplasms removed from 12 patients were monoclonal B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Each pair of simultaneously bilateral lesions occurring in a single individual was morphologically and immunologically identical and exhibited identical immunoglobulin gene DNA rearrangement patterns. None of the five patients with polyclonal pseudolymphomas developed nonocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but one developed a contralateral conjunctival monoclonal B cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Six of the 12 patients with ocular adnexal monoclonal B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas developed nonocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The incidence of previous or subsequent systemic nonocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with bilateral ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms is comparable to that of patients with unilateral disease. In both patient groups, the development of nonocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is most commonly associated with ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms displaying follicular or diffuse small cleaved cell (poorly differentiated lymphocytic) morphologic characteristics. PMID- 3494406 TI - Intracranial facial nerve anastomosis. AB - A technique of intracranial facial nerve anastomosis using fenestrated collagen splints was used in eight patients operated upon for acoustic neuroma or glomus temporale tumor. This technique is rapid and simpler than suturing in the cerebellopontine angle. Clinical results are as good as or even better than those obtained with more peripheral facial nerve anastomosis or grafting. An animal study demonstrated no undue histologic reaction to the collagen splints. PMID- 3494405 TI - Monoclonal antibodies marking T lymphocytes in paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - The authors investigated the ability of 70 monoclonal antibodies obtained from the Third International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Antigens (Oxford, 1986) to mark T lymphocytes in B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. No staining occurred with 65 of the antibodies; however, 5 antibodies marked small lymphocytes in the T-cell areas of human tonsil. Two antibodies which strongly labeled lymphocytes, UCHL1 and T2/48, were used to examine 106 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 29 cases of Hodgkin's disease, and a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. UCHL1 and T2/48 each marked 86% (37/43) of B5-fixed T-cell lymphomas. Only 50% of formalin-fixed T-cell lymphomas were marked with these antibodies. UCHL1 marked 1.8% (1/56) of the B-cell lymphomas, compared with T2/48, which marked 19.6% (11/56) of the B-cell lymphomas. T2/48 had the interesting attribute of marking cells of the follicular mantle-zone and intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma, suggesting that the antibody recognizes a B-cell differentiation antigen. No Reed Sternberg cells, epithelial neoplasms, sarcomas, neurogenic tumors, or normal nonlymphoid tissue were marked by either antibody. These antibodies successfully mark T cells in paraffin tissue sections and should aid in the investigation and characterization of abnormal lymphoid proliferations, "undifferentiated" malignant neoplasms, and immunologically mediated disorders. PMID- 3494408 TI - [Kinetics of T-lymphocytes and cortisol in the blood of the human fetus]. PMID- 3494409 TI - Capsaicin-sensitive nerves and the cutaneous allergy reaction in man. Possible involvement of sensory neuropeptides in the flare reaction. AB - The effects of local capsaicin pretreatment on the cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure or anti-IgE were studied in man. Acute exposure of the human skin to capsaicin caused a burning sensation and a clearcut flare reaction but no wheal response. Upon repeated administration these local reactions to capsaicin disappeared. The flare component and the subjective itching sensation of the cutaneous allergy reaction to rat antigen in sensitized persons or anti-IgE in non-allergic persons were then markedly reduced. Two weeks after capsaicin pretreatment the flare response to allergen was not significantly changed compared to the control reaction, suggesting a reversible effect of capsaicin treatment. The wheal component of the allergy or anti-IgE reaction was, however, not influenced by capsaicin pretreatment, indicating that the wheal and flare components are caused by different mechanisms. It is concluded that capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves are of importance for the human cutaneous triple response reaction induced by allergen exposure. Thus, secondary release of mediators, such as CGRP or tachykinins from sensory nerve branches, may contribute to the flare component of this reaction. Furthermore the itching sensation seems to be dependent to a large extent on capsaicin-sensitive nerves. However, sensory nerves seem to have less importance for the wheal reaction, i.e. the protein extravasation response. PMID- 3494407 TI - [Determination of trophoblast-specific beta-glycoprotein in women at risk for fetal hypoxia]. PMID- 3494410 TI - Recovery of Haemophilus influenzae type b from hospital environmental surfaces. PMID- 3494411 TI - Inappropriate use and unmet need in paramedic and nonparamedic ambulance systems. AB - A survey of emergency department visits was conducted over a 56-week period between November 1980 and November 1981. Inappropriate ambulance use and unmet ambulance need were compared between two cities (one large and one small) with paramedic ambulance services and two cities (one large and one small) with nonparamedic ambulance services. A total of 6,405 visits was evaluated, resulting in overall rates of inappropriate use and unmet need of 42% and 58%, respectively. When paramedic ambulance services were compared to nonparamedic services, the results indicated less inappropriate use in cities with paramedic services (34% vs 49%, P less than .001) as well as less unmet need in cities with paramedic services (48% vs 67%, P less than .001). These results remain consistent within most sample subgroups based on age, sex, time of arrival at ED, and disposition, except that no differences were found for small cities or for patients 50 years and older. The results indicate that paramedic ambulance systems are beneficial to the general population of emergency department users. PMID- 3494412 TI - Endophthalmitis associated with intravenous drug abuse. AB - Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the interior of the eye. We describe an IV drug abuser with endophthalmitis who initially was diagnosed as having an acute conjunctivitis. During the next 12 hours fulminant endophthalmitis developed. The patient failed to respond to treatment, and on the second hospital day underwent subtotal exenteration of the right orbit. The only organism obtained from numerous cultures was Staphylococcus epidermidis. We suspect the causative organism was not isolated. PMID- 3494413 TI - [Bleeding intestinal angiodysplasia. Report of a pediatric case]. AB - This report presents a pediatric case of right colic angiodysplasia and perhaps jejunoileal with lethal evolution by the great intensity of bleeding. Are discussed the different etiopathogenesis and the difficulties for the clinicopathological diagnosis and the actual trend towards a conservative treatment (electrocoagulation versus intestinal resection). PMID- 3494414 TI - Electron-probe X ray microanalysis of transepithelial ion transport. PMID- 3494416 TI - Methodological strategies in suicide. PMID- 3494415 TI - Nontoxic irreversible inhibitors of factors IXa, Xa, and thrombin: potential therapeutic agents for the in vivo regulation of thrombin generation and activity. PMID- 3494417 TI - Superficial epithelial keratectomy in the treatment of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. AB - Thirty eyes with symptomatic epithelial basement membrane dystrophy that were unresponsive to current standard modalities of therapy were treated with a total superficial epithelial keratectomy. Follow-up ranged from two months to 89 months (average, 37 mo). One hundred percent of patients were relieved of their preoperative symptoms, and only 3% have shown any evidence of recurrence of their dystrophic process. PMID- 3494419 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation following appendectomy: the placebo effect. PMID- 3494418 TI - [Chronic herpes of the pyodermatitis vegetans type in chronic cutaneous lymphoid leukemia]. AB - The authors report a case of chronic herpes virus infection of the face which developed in a 70-year old man already affected with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of the B-cell type (CLL-B) with specific cutaneous localisations. Immunodepression was indicated only by marked hypogammaglobulinaemia. Cell mediated immunity was preserved. The cutaneous lesions of the face were chronic and presented as pyodermatitis vegetans. A one-week course of acyclovir administered by intravenous infusion in doses of 5 mg/kg three times a day resulted in rapid and dramatic cure, but this result proved transient, since the virus infection relapsed 2 1/2 months later. The new episode also was successfully treated with a second course of acyclovir. The herpes virus infection had developed only on those skin areas that were specifically affected by the leukaemia; after treatment and eradication of the virus, massive lymphocytic infiltration of the dermis persisted in these areas. Involvement of the skin is rare in CLL-B and has been reported mainly in CLL-T. The lesions most frequently encountered are tuberous and papular lesions and infiltrated plaques on the forehead and ears. The pyodermatitis vegetans presentation is unusual. The reasons why viral skin lesions develop on those caused by leukaemia are unknown. PMID- 3494420 TI - Biliary tract involvement in children with histiocytosis X. PMID- 3494421 TI - Tomographic thallium-201 stress scintigraphy in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. AB - 57 patients with chest pain, had tomographic thallium-201 stress scintigraphy (TTSS), and coronary angiography within three months of the TTSS. The exercise images were compared with delayed images obtained at 3 hours post-exercise. The sensitivity and specificity of locating individual coronary artery disease was 88% and 100% for disease of left anterior descending artery (LAD), 89% and 83% for right coronary artery disease (RCA), and 24% and 96% for left circumflex artery (LCX) disease. Other than for LCX disease, our results compare favourably with other reports. The overall accuracies are 91%, 86% and 60% for LAD, RCA and LCX disease respectively. PMID- 3494422 TI - Augmentation of spontaneous cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes by RU 41.740, a glucoprotein extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - RU 41.740 (Biostim) is an extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae with immunomodulating properties. This substance was observed to augment spontaneous cytotoxicity of human blood lymphocytes provided that monocytes were present during Biostim treatment. Maximal augmentation was observed after 2 h of incubation. The F1 fraction, a glucoprotein which comprises approximately 20% of Biostim, and LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae were also observed to augment spontaneous cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. Biostim treatment of K562 cells, which were used as target cells for killing, did not change their sensitivity to the lytic action of spontaneously cytotoxic cells. PMID- 3494423 TI - [Effect of anti-inflammatory agents and immunostimulants on delayed hypersensitivity]. AB - Combination of nonnarcotic analgetics (antiphlogistic drugs) such as acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, voltaren and naproxen and immunostimulators such as prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil were studied with respect to their effect on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in noninbred albino rats of both sexes. The drugs were administered after sensitization. It was shown that prodigiozan did not change DTH to DNCB. Levamisole and methyluracil lowered DTH to DNCB. The effect of levamisole was preserved in the presence of indomethacin and voltaren. Indomethacin and voltaren inhibited DTH. Acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen did not change it. Prodigiozan, methyluracil and levamisole did not change the character of the effect of the above antiphlogistic drugs on DTH. PMID- 3494424 TI - Successful treatment with aerosolized pentamidine of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. AB - We examined both the therapeutic efficacy and tissue distribution of aerosolized pentamidine in immunosuppressed rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In rats immunosuppressed by 5 weeks of pretreatment with dexamethasone, a 2-week course of 5 mg of aerosolized pentamidine per kg per day, administered free or encapsulated in the drug carrier system (liposomes), eradicated P. carinii pneumonia in 75% of treated animals. At this dose, extrapulmonary drug uptake as measured by a sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatography assay was negligible. No significant differences in tissue distribution were noted between aerosolized free and liposome-encapsulated pentamidine. In rats receiving dexamethasone for 6 weeks prior to treatment with pentamidine, both lung uptake and therapeutic efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine (5 mg/kg per day) were substantially reduced. Aerosolized pentamidine appears to be an effective therapy for P. carinii pneumonia in rats and produces significantly lower extrapulmonary drug deposition than parenteral administration. The severity of P. carinii involvement at the time of treatment influences both the level of drug delivery to the lung and the response to aerosolized pentamidine therapy. PMID- 3494425 TI - Effect of minimal amounts of thymidine on activity of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole against Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - The antibacterial activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 99 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested on media known to be low in thymidine content, as determined by screening with Streptococcus faecalis. Eighty-one percent of the isolates were susceptible by agar dilution. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was bactericidal against two strains of S. epidermidis when thymidine phosphorylase was added to the medium, indicating utilization of minimal amounts of thymidine that were undetected by screening. Because bacteria vary in their utilization of thymidine and body tissues vary in thymidine content, in vitro susceptibility tests may not correlate with in vivo bactericidal activity. PMID- 3494426 TI - Comparison of histologic and quantitative techniques in evaluation of therapy for experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was induced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids, and histologic and quantitative techniques were compared in the evaluation of the severity of the disease and response to therapy. A highly significant correlation was found between the histologic score of the extent of alveolar involvement (the standard method of assessment) and the number of P. carinii cysts and nuclei in lung homogenates, lung weight, and lung weight/body weight ratio. Clear differences were noted between rats which responded well and rats which responded poorly to therapy by all techniques. Quantitation of P. carinii cysts and nuclei revealed a 10(4)-fold reduction in organism burden with successful treatment. Thus, these techniques should be helpful in the development of testing of new antimicrobial agents in the rat model of pneumocystosis. PMID- 3494427 TI - [Phase I-II study of recombinant interleukin-2]. AB - A phase I-II study of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) (Shionogi Pharmaceutical Co.) was conducted against carcinoma of the lung (20 cases) and stomach (1 case) as well as metastatic pulmonary tumor (17 cases). The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against K562, PC-9, PC-14 and Daudi cells was examined before and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after rIL-2 administration. The subsets of lymphocytes and pharmacokinetics of rIL-2 were also analyzed. Four administration methods were used. 2-h drip infusion of 6.7 X 10(5) U/m2/day (A1: 6 cases) or 2.2 X 10(6) U/m2/day (A2: 8 cases) for 5 consecutive days, subcutaneous injection of 6.7 X 10(5) U/m2/day (B: 3 cases) for 28 consecutive days, 4-h continuous drip infusion of 3.3 X 10(5) U/m2/day (C1: B cases), 6.7 X 10(5) U/m2/day (C2: 7 cases) or 1.1 X 10(6) U/m2/day (C3: 5 cases) for 28 consecutive days, and (D) 24-h continuous drip infusion of 6.7 X 10(5) U/m2/day (D: 6 cases) for 5 consecutive days every week, repeating four cycles of the course. We discussed whether or not the problems of the phase I study with BRMs could be solved. PMID- 3494428 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients with lymphokine-activated killer cells]. AB - We have examined the effects of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) on generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and adoptive immunotherapy. rIL-2 generated LAK activity dose- and time-dependently. The generated LAK cells by rIL-2 killed autologous and various allogenic tumor cells but not normal cells. No difference was found in the generation of LAK activity by rIL-2 between healthy donors and cancer patients rIL-2 generated LAK activity of lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood, spleen, pleural fluid and ascites in cancer patients. Two cancer patients with pleuritis carcinomatosa, who had not responded to various chemotherapeutic agents, were treated with adoptive immunotherapy. LAK cells were generated from the lymphocytes of pleural fluid or peripheral blood incubated with rIL-2 (5 U/ml) for 5 days. LAK cells (0.1-1.0 X 10(9)/100 ml in total) were administered into the pleural cavity followed by injection of rIL-2 (1,000 U) 1 to 7 times. No significant adverse effect was observed except for fever and eosinophilia. Complete disappearance of pleural tumor cells was observed in one patient and decrease in the other. PMID- 3494429 TI - [Prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1-producing activity of plastic-adherent cells from cancer patients as a result of modification by BRM therapy]. AB - It is crucial to define the immunological characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in order to clarify the physiological state of cancer patients. In this study, we examined prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by plastic-adherent cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The secretion of PGE2 and IL-1 into media depended on the dose of LPS. Although the addition of silica resulted in suppression of LPS-induced PGE2 production, it caused augmentation of IL-1 production. The effect of BRM therapy on IL-1 production was evaluated in five cancer patients. The results demonstrated that BRM therapy increased the levels of IL-1 at the late assessment point for 3 patients and their quality of life was improved. These findings suggest that production of IL-1 may be used as a monitor for the effectiveness of biotherapy. The association of PGE2 production with host antitumor response was evaluated in IFN-gamma therapy. The results showed that the PGE2 production ratio increased early in the therapy period and declined gradually, whereas the expression of HLA DR antigen on monocytes and the level of IL-1 increased during the treatment. The exact mechanism by which BRM activates monocytes is unknown. It is possible that a distinct subpopulation of monocytes is responsible for this effect. PMID- 3494430 TI - [The effect of OK-432 in the treatment of primary lung cancer]. AB - Twenty patients with lung cancer were treated with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432 in addition to various other treatments, and we evaluated the effect of OK 432 in comparison with an equivalent number of patients without OK-432. With regard to advanced-stage patients, the median survival time of those treated with OK-432 was longer than that of patients without OK-432. Patients whose PPD or SU PS skin reactions were positive had a longer survival time than those giving a negative reaction. OK-432 significantly increased the reactions for both PPD and SU-PS. On the other hand, OK-432 did not have any significant effect in increasing the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and T-cell subsets. Furthermore, there were no effects on tumor markers, such as CEA, beta 2-microglobulin and ferritin. However, OK-432 had a remarkable effect in decreasing immunosuppressive acidic protein. PMID- 3494431 TI - Insulin dependent diabetes in Asians. AB - Type 1 diabetes is said to be extremely rare in children in India, where diabetes treated with insulin may be due to chronic pancreatic disease or malnutrition. To see whether typical type 1 diabetes occurred in Asian children in the United Kingdom, all known Asian children with diabetes in industrial West Yorkshire were ascertained. A total of 17 such children were studied; of these, seven were from three multiplex families and two fathers from these families had diabetes. All children were ketosis prone and developed diabetes while resident in the UK. There were significant increases in HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 and increases in HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR3/DR4, while HLA-B15 was absent. Islet cell antibodies, either IgG or complement fixing, were present in four of 18 subjects tested, all of whom had disease of short duration. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Asian children aged 15 years or less in West Yorkshire was 36/100,000, assuming complete ascertainment. It is concluded that typical type 1 diabetes may occur in Asian children and this condition may be more common in families who have migrated to the UK. PMID- 3494432 TI - Reactivity of monoclonal antibody BE 2 in different stages of mycosis fungoides and in benign dermal infiltrates. AB - The cutaneous infiltrate in mycosis fungoides (MF) is predominantly composed of T4-positive T-cells. Attempts to distinguish the early stages of this condition from benign inflammatory infiltrates using anti-T3, T4 and other T-cell associated antibodies have hitherto been unsuccessful. Recently a monoclonal antibody BE 2 has been described as selectively reacting against leukemic cells in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. To investigate whether the BE 2 antigen is differentially expressed in different stages of MF and benign dermatoses, thus facilitating diagnosis, especially of early MF, the reactivity of monoclonal antibody BE 2 against cutaneous infiltrates from such conditions was assessed. In the early stages of MF only a small number of reactive cells was present. In benign inflammatory infiltrates, especially in those that clinically and histologically were hardly distinguishable from early MF, BE 2 reactivity was essentially the same as in eczematous-stage MF. Lesions from plaque and tumor stage MF contained large numbers of BE 2-reactive cells. Our results indicate that expression of BE 2 is associated with the stage of a given MF lesion and is essentially identical in early MF and eczematous lesions with a similar histopathological appearance. PMID- 3494433 TI - [Digestive hemorrhages disclosing gastric teratoma. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 3494435 TI - Cerebral blood flow and autoregulation during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied following intravenous or intraarterial administration of xenon-133, in 10 men admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting. Repeated CBF measurements were performed to evaluate autoregulation before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). During CPB mean CBF remained unchanged compared with the pre-CPB level, without evidence of cerebral hyperemia or impairment of autoregulation. A marked increase in CBF occurred after CPB and was followed by a time-dependent reduction toward the pre CPB level. The data support the alpha-stat regulation theory but cannot explain the cerebral vasodilation observed after CPB. PMID- 3494436 TI - Effective propagation of various type D retroviruses in human lymphoblastoid Raji cells. AB - Type D retroviruses belong to viruses which often have a low titer in virus reproducing cell-systems. In search of better conditions for virus propagation, Raji cells (an EBV-genome carrying human B-cell line) were infected with different isolates of type D retroviruses. as demonstrated by electron microscopy all of the viruses showed a very good and stable virus production during long term cultivation on Raji cells. PMID- 3494434 TI - Late results of coronary bypass in patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysms. The Cleveland Clinic Study. AB - Cardiac catheterization was performed in a prospective series of 1000 patients under consideration for elective peripheral vascular reconstruction at the Cleveland Clinic from 1978-1982. Of these, 246 patients (mean age: 68 years) presented primarily because of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and are eligible for subsequent evaluation 3-7 years (mean: 4.6 years) after entrance into the study. Severe, surgically correctable coronary artery disease (CAD) was documented in 78 patients (32%) in the AAA group, and 70 patients (28%) received myocardial revascularization with four fatal complications (5.7%). A total of 56 patients in this subset had staged aneurysm resection, usually during the same hospital admission after coronary bypass, with a single death (1.8%) caused by cerebral infarction. The overall operative mortality rate for 126 coronary and AAA procedures was 4%. A total of 59 additional patients (25%) died during the late follow-up interval, including 14 patients (5.9%) with cardiac events and eight patients (3.4%) with ruptured aneurysms. The cumulative 5-year survival rate (75%) and cardiac mortality rate (5%) after coronary bypass reflected traditional parameters (preoperative ventricular function, completeness of revascularization) and are nearly identical to the results calculated for patients having normal coronary arteries or only mild to moderate CAD. In comparison, the cumulative survival and cardiac mortality rates in a small subset of patients with severe, uncorrected coronary involvement currently are 29% (p = 0.0001) and 34%, respectively. These data support the conclusion that selected patients who require elective resection of AAA also warrant myocardial revascularization to enhance perioperative risk and late survival. PMID- 3494437 TI - A radiological population study on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spine. AB - This paper reports the results of a radiological population study on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in both the cervical and the thoracic spine among Japanese. The study was carried out in the Yachiho mura district in the central part of Japan, where 5074 people were living. X-ray examinations were made of 1058 of the people; there were 440 men and 618 women, 50 or more years of age. The roentgenograms showed 34 cases of OPLL in the cervical spine (3.2%): 19 men (4.3%) and 15 women (2.4%). The condition was most frequently observed at the level of C-4. Radiological classification showed 18 cases of the segmental type, 11 of the continuous type, and five of a mixed type. There were eight cases of OPLL in the thoracic spine (0.8%), four in men (0.9%) and four in women (0.6%). OPLL in the thoracic spine was most frequently observed at the midthoracic levels. All eight cases showed a continuous type of ossification. There were three subjects with OPLL in both the cervical and the thoracic spine. Therefore, the number of subjects with OPLL in either the cervical or the thoracic spine was 39 (3.7%) total. PMID- 3494438 TI - Recovery from disaster. PMID- 3494439 TI - Controlling infection in an acute care hospital. PMID- 3494440 TI - Clinical and immunologic sequelae of AIDS retrovirus infection. AB - The Sydney AIDS Project is a prospective immunoepidemiological study of 911 homosexual and bisexual men enrolled between February 1984 and January 1985. Clinical, immunological, and serological studies are performed on these subjects every six months. At enrollment, 39.9% of subjects were seropositive for antibodies to AIDS retrovirus (ARV). Of these 352 seropositive subjects, 28.1% were symptomless with normal immune profiles, 23.6% were symptomless with an immunodeficiency, 18.8% had a clinical illness but normal immune profile, and 29.6% had a clinical illness and immunodeficiency. Of the symptomless subjects, 27.8% were seropositive for antibodies to ARV. Clinically, seropositivity was significantly associated with enlargement of three or more non-inguinal lymph node groups, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Immunologically, seropositivity was significantly associated with lower absolute numbers of lymphocytes and T4+ lymphocytes and a lower T4+ : T8+ ratio, compared with seronegative subjects. Seropositive subjects with a clinical illness had a significantly lower percentage of T4+ lymphocytes and lower T4+ : T8+ ratio than did those who were symptomless. However, the absolute number of T4+ cells was not significantly different between subjects with a clinical illness and those who were symptomless. Subjects whose sera were positive by immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay but were negative by radioimmune precipitation assay had a lower number and percentage of T4+ lymphocytes than subjects who were positive by all three tests. These results demonstrate a wide variety of clinical and immunological responses to ARV infection. Prospective study of these subjects will enable us to define further the natural history of ARV infection and factors associated with progression. PMID- 3494441 TI - Effect of ano-receptive homosexual practice on T lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity in transsexuals. AB - To determine whether ano-receptive sexual intercourse adversely affects a person's cellular immunity, we compared several immunological parameters among 100 transsexual male prostitutes and 40 heterosexual male controls, and also among different durations of prostitution. The mean ratios of CD-4 (helper/inducer) lymphocytes to CD-8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes and the delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH) scores were significantly lower in transsexuals than they were in heterosexual controls; these parameters also showed a decreasing trend with increasing duration of prostitution. Transsexuals have a significantly higher CD-8 lymphocyte count than have heterosexuals. No significant differences between transsexuals and heterosexuals were found for lymphocyte counts, pan T cells, and CD-4 cell counts. We postulate that in these subjects cellular immunity is progressively reduced, probably through repeated and prolonged antigenic challenge via receptive anal intercourse. The impairment in cellular immunity is associated with the duration of prostitution, independent of the man's age. PMID- 3494442 TI - An immunogenetic study of juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Ninety-seven patients from Western Australia and Victoria suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) for longer than 1 year were studied with particular reference to immunogenetic markers in the sub-groups of the disease. In the pauci articular group, the antigens DR5, DR8 and BW35 were increased in frequency. The phenotypes within the sub-groups appeared distinctive despite the absence of any increase in the frequency of single antigens. Complement allotyping did not prove to be different from controls or within the sub-groups for JCA. This study supports the concept that patients with JCA have specific genetic characteristics and that sub-groups of the disease are genetically distinct. PMID- 3494443 TI - Pre-menopausal and post-menopausal depressed women. AB - In a consecutive series of 28 depressed women, pre-menopausal (n = 13) and post menopausal (n = 15) patients were compared. Post-menopausal women had significantly higher levels of plasma norepinephrine, plasma 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol, post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol, cerebrospinal fluid 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and corticotropin-releasing hormone. However, when biologic measures were adjusted for age by analyses of covariance there were no significant differences. Pre-menopausal women had had significantly more life events before the onset of depression than post-menopausal women. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3494444 TI - The people seen by Sydney psychiatrists. AB - A one-in-six sample of psychiatrists practising in Sydney was asked to provide details of patients seen in the previous five working days. The averaged workload of the 49 psychiatrists showed that they spent a third of their time with patients with psychotic illnesses, a third with patients with neurotic conditions and most of the remainder on patients troubled by personality disorders. Sixty one per cent of the patients were female and the median age of the patients was 39 years. Psychotherapy was the most commonly used primary treatment for the neuroses and personality disorders, but drugs were used most frequently for the psychoses. PMID- 3494446 TI - Specific high-affinity binding protein for human corticotropin-releasing hormone in normal human plasma. AB - A protein of Mr 25-40 kilodaltons in normal human plasma binds human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH), but not ovine CRH. Binding requires both N- and C-terminal hCRH sequences and has a Kd of 2 X 10(-10) M and a binding site concentration of 1.4 pmoles per ml of plasma. Its binding is not affected by heating to 56 degrees C for 1 h, but is abolished by exposure to 6 M guanidine HCl, 10 mM dithiothreitol. Binding proceeds rapidly at 37 degrees C and is 75% complete within 4 min. Neither rat nor sheep plasma appears to contain a CRH binding protein. CRH-binding protein may explain the brief biological action of hCRH as compared to ovine CRH in man and why high concentrations of plasma immunoreactive hCRH in women during third-trimester pregnancy do not cause increased ACTH secretion. PMID- 3494445 TI - 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, an impurity in commercial 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. AB - The enzymic determination of D-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate normally involves the use of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH, EC 1.1.1.30) of bacterial origin. We show that HBDH from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (BCL, grade II) contains a 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBDH) activity: activity with 3-hydroxyisobutyrate as substrate was greater than 10% of that with 3 hydroxybutyrate. However, HBDH could be prepared essentially free of HIBDH activity by incubation at 37 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM-CaCl2, to produce an enzyme preparation that may be used for the specific determination of 3 hydroxybutyrate. Use of the purified enzyme preparations indicated that a major product of valine metabolism in hemidiaphragms from 40 h-starved rats was 3 hydroxyisobutyrate rather than 3-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 3494447 TI - Growth hormone regulates expression of rat liver cytochrome P-450 15 beta at a pretranslational level. AB - Polyclonal antibodies to rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 15 beta hydroxylase were used to screen a female rat liver cDNA expression library. Recombinant plasmid C-6, isolated from a positive colony, contained a cDNA of 1000 base pairs which hybridized to a single, 1.7 kilobase class of mRNA on Northern blot analysis. Semi-quantitative slot blots showed that the level of this mRNA was 17-fold lower in male rat liver than in females. Continuous infusion of human growth hormone to male rats caused them to express female levels of C-6 mRNA, while the same daily dose of hormone given intermittently had no effect. A high degree of correlation of the levels of C-6 mRNA with 15 beta hydroxylase protein levels and catalytic activities was found, demonstrating that the sexually differentiated, growth hormone-dependent expression of the 15 beta hydroxylase is regulated at a step preceding translation. PMID- 3494448 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA) stimulate PG synthesis and thymidine incorporation in cultured porcine thyroid cells. AB - This is the first report to show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) stimulate the production of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, an end metabolite of PGI2, in the thyroid gland. In cultured porcine thyroid cells, EGF and TPA stimulate PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha production; the maximum PG levels were obtained after 3-4 h incubation with EGF or TPA; the addition of as little as 10(-11) M EGF or 5 X 10(-11) M TPA resulted in increases in PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and the maximum levels were obtained with 10(-8) 10(-7) M EGF or TPA. This report also shows that EGF and TPA stimulate [3H] thymidine incorporation. PMID- 3494449 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by 1-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium ion. AB - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on the activities of NAD+- or NADP+-linked dehydrogenases in the TCA cycle were studied using mitochondria prepared from mouse brains. Activities of NAD+- and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, NADH- and NADPH-linked glutamate dehydrogenases, and malate dehydrogenase were little affected by 2 mM of MPP+. However, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was significantly inhibited by MPP+. Kinetic analysis revealed a competitive type of inhibition. Inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase may be one of the important mechanisms of MPP+-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and of neuronal degeneration. PMID- 3494450 TI - Oral versus parenteral efficacy of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): differential effects on depletion of heart norepinephrine and of striatal dopamine in mice. PMID- 3494451 TI - On the possibility of the unification of drug targeting systems. Studies with liposome transport to the mixtures of target antigens. AB - In order to make the drug targeting system more effective, simple and technological, we suggest creation of drug-bearing conjugates capable of simultaneous binding with different antigenic components of the target via specific antibodies. It is supposed that the targeted therapy should include sequential administration of the mixture of modified antibodies (or other specific vectors) against different components of affected tissue and, upon antibody accumulation in the desired region, administration of modified drugs or drug carrying systems which can recognize and bind with the target via accumulated antibodies due to the interaction between vector modifier and carrier modifier. Using as a model system monolayers consisting of the mixture of extracellular antigens and appropriated antibodies, it was shown that the treatment of the target with the mixture of biotinylated antibodies against all target components and subsequent binding with the target of biotinylated liposomes via avidin permits high liposome accumulation on the monolayer. The binding achieved is always higher than in the case of the utilization of single antibody-bearing liposomes. Besides, the system suggested is very simple and its components can be easily obtained on technological scale in standardized conditions. PMID- 3494452 TI - Enhancement by a synthetic isoprenoid of the toxicity of conjugates of epidermal growth factor with Pseudomonas exotoxin. AB - A newly synthesized isoprenoid, N-solanesyl-N,N'-bis(3,4 dimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine, has a verapamil-like structure but no calcium channel blocking activity. The isoprenoid enhanced the cytotoxic effect of a conjugate of epidermal growth factor coupled with Pseudomonas exotoxin in human KB cells. By using iodinated epidermal growth factor ([125I]EGF), the effect of the isoprenoid on intracellular transport of EGF was examined. The isoprenoid did not affect the binding and uptake of [125I]EGF by KB cells. The release of radioactivity associated with [125I]EGF into medium was slow in the presence of the isoprenoid. Density gradient fractionation studies using cell homogenates suggest that [125I]EGF accumulates in an undegraded form in lysosomes when cells are treated with the isoprenoid. The pH value in lysosomes of KB cells was 5.5, and SDB did not affect significantly the pH value at the concentrations used to potentiate the cytotoxicity of chimeric toxins. Electron microscopy showed an increased number of electron-dense bodies in KB cells grown for 24 hr with 17-51 micrograms/ml isoprenoid. The potentiating action of chimeric toxins by the isoprenoid is discussed in relation to the altered lysosomal function in treated cells. PMID- 3494454 TI - Modulation of cartilage destruction by select nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In vitro effect on the synthesis and activity of catabolism-inducing cytokines produced by osteoarthritic and rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - Non-enzymatic factors produced by synovial tissue can potentially mediate cartilage destruction by inducing the synthesis and release of matrix-degrading proteinases from chondrocytes. Pharmacologic control of this process is of potential clinical relevance. The in vitro effect of therapeutic concentrations of select nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the synthesis and activity of catabolism-inducing cytokines produced by 6-day explant cultures of osteoarthritic and rheumatoid synovial tissue was studied. Piroxicam regularly suppressed such factor synthesis by both types of tissue without significantly affecting total protein synthesis. This did not occur using sodium salicylate or indomethacin in osteoarthritis tissue cultures and was observed only occasionally in rheumatoid arthritis cultures. None of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs studied consistently blocked catabolism-inducing activity in osteoarthritis tissue, whereas piroxicam more consistently inhibited activity produced by rheumatoid arthritis tissue. Results suggest that the catabolism-inducing factors produced by the 2 tissue sources may differ. PMID- 3494453 TI - Inactivation of human liver cytochrome P-450 by the drug methoxsalen and other psoralen derivatives. AB - The effects of psoralen derivatives on cytochrome P-450 have been studied in human liver microsomes. CO-binding cytochrome P-450 was decreased by 33% after 10 min of incubation with 1.5 mM EDTA, an NADPH-regenerating system and 20 microM methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen). No destruction of cytochrome P-450 was observed when either NADPH or methoxsalen was omitted. A similar (27%) decrease in CO binding required a 100-times higher concentration of allylisopropylacetamide (2 mM). The activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase were decreased by about 50% in the presence of 12.5 microM methoxsalen. At this low concentration, neither cimetidine nor SKF 525-A or piperonyl butoxide had any significant inhibitory effect. Monooxygenase activities were also decreased in the presence of 12.5 microM bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) or 12.5 microM psoralen, but not with 12.5 microM trioxsalen (trimethylpsoralen). CO-binding cytochrome P-450 was not decreased after 10 min of incubation with 1.5 mM EDTA, an NADPH-regenerating system and 20 microM trioxsalen. We conclude that methoxsalen is an extremely potent suicide inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 in human liver microsomes. Bergapten and psoralen are also inhibitory whereas trioxsalen has little effects. In the latter derivative, a methyl group is attached on the furan ring and may hinder its metabolic activation and the inactivation of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 3494455 TI - Immunity to soluble retinal antigen in patients with uveitis accompanying juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Studies of immunity to bovine soluble retinal antigen (antigen S) were carried out using serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and chronic anterior uveitis (JRA-uveitis), children with JRA alone, children with nonrheumatic diseases, and controls who had no ocular or rheumatic disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the lymphocyte transformation assay were used to determine immunity. Antibody to antigen S was present significantly more frequently in children with JRA-uveitis than in children with JRA alone, children with nonrheumatic disorders, or controls. These latter groups did not differ in positivity for this antibody. Lymphocyte transformation occurred more frequently in children with JRA-uveitis than in children with JRA alone or controls. Children with JRA alone and controls had similar frequencies of lymphocyte transformation positivity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positivity and lymphocyte transformation positivity tended to occur in different children. Children with JRA-uveitis who had HLA-B35 had the highest frequency of antibody to antigen S. Immunity to antigen S may be the result of ocular damage by mechanisms other than a pathogenic mechanism per se. PMID- 3494456 TI - Infrequency of anticentromere antibody in patients without systemic sclerosis and without Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 3494457 TI - Two different 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities in mice after pretreatment with sulmazole and cobaltous chloride. AB - Pretreatment of male C57BL/6J Han mice with 200 mg of sulmazole (AR-L 115 BS) daily for 2 days results in an up to 4fold increase of the 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase. The resulting effect was compared to that after a pretreatment with cobaltous chloride which also leads to a 4fold increase. Enzyme kinetic parameters of the 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase are different for the two inducers in respect to the affinity for the substrate, but the inhibitions by metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone are similar. Comparison of the microsomal protein patterns after partial purification of microsomes revealed totally different patterns after sulmazole and cobaltous chloride. Sulmazole produces a 54 kDa protein band and cobaltous chloride a band at 48.5 kDa. Therefore it is concluded that in mice at least two 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities can be induced. The electrophoretic pattern after sulmazole is different from those after 3-methylcholanthrene and isosafrole. This was also proven by enzyme kinetic investigations with ethoxyresorufin as substrate. PMID- 3494458 TI - Androstene-17-thioketals. 1st communication: glucocorticoid receptor binding, antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activities of some novel 20-thiasteroids (androstene-17-thioketals). AB - The unique replacements of the alpha-hydroxyl and beta-ketol groups of corticoids at C17 with selected, simple alkylthio or (2-fluoroalkyl)thio groups resulted in the structurally novel steroids, C17-alkylthioketals of 9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta hydroxy-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione. The described androstene-17-thioketals (20 thiasteroids) had high affinities for the glucocorticoid receptor protein of rat liver cytosol. Most were more potent than triamcinolone acetonide, a clinically moderately potent corticoid, in antiproliferative and antiinflammatory activities in mice. Specifically, (11 beta, 17 alpha)-17-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta hydroxy-17-(methylthio) androsta-1,4-dien-3-one (tipredane, SQ 27,239) and (11 beta, 17 alpha)-17-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-17-[2-(fluoroethyl)thio] - 11 beta hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one (SQ 28,300), topically applied, were as potent as halcinonide, a clinically highly potent corticoid, in inhibition of croton oil induced edema in the mouse. It is suggested that both thiasteroids could be moderately to highly potent topical antiinflammatory agents in man. PMID- 3494459 TI - Androstene-17-thioketals. 2nd communication: pharmacological profiles of tipredane and (11 beta, 17 alpha)-17-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-17-[2 (fluoroethyl)thio]-11 beta-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one, structurally novel 20 thiasteroids possessing potent and selective topical antiinflammatory activity. AB - Two structurally novel alkylthio-substituted steroids, (11 beta, 17 alpha)-17 (ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-17-(methylthio)andro-1,4-dien-3-one (tipredane, SQ 27,239) and (11 beta, 17 alpha)-(ethylthio)-9 alpha-fluoro-17-[2 (fluoroethyl) thio]-11 beta-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one (SQ 28,300) were compared to presently available topical corticosteroids for in vitro and in vivo glucocorticoid and antiinflammatory activities. Based upon results of in vitro assays, in vivo antiinflammatory tests in mice, and human vasoconstriction measurements, the thiasteroids most closely resemble moderately potent to highly potent corticoids. These compounds display more modest activity in topical antiinflammatory assays using rats. Both tipredane and SQ 28,300 exhibit favorable separation of local antiinflammatory activity from systemic effects on thymus and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, most probably due to rapid metabolic inactivation. As such, these compounds represent potentially safer therapy for topical treatment of corticoid-responsive skin diseases and bronchopulmonary conditions in humans. PMID- 3494460 TI - Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of 2-(10,11-dihydro-10-oxo dibenzo[b,f]thiepin-2-yl)propionic acid in rat and mouse. AB - Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of 2-(10,11-dihydro-10-oxo dibenzo[b,f]thiepin-2-yl)propionic acid (CN-100) have been investigated pharmacologically in rats and mice. With bradykinin-induced pain responses, CN 100 proved to be the most potent of the commercial non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs which were tested in rats: The potency of CN-100 was 4 times stronger than that of indometacin. The analgesic effect of CN-100 on writhing induced by acetic acid, adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia, and carrageenin-induced hyperalgesia, and the effect on AgNO3-induced arthralgia were equipotent to or a little weaker than those of indometacin, but stronger than that of diclofenac sodium. In mice, CN 100 was found to be as active as indometacin against peritonitis induced by acetic acid and pain responses induced by mechanical stimulus (pressure). Against the peritonitis induced by acetylcholine and phenyl-quinone, CN-100 showed inhibitory actions and its potencies were much stronger than those of aminophenazone (amino-pyrine) in mice. However, all the drugs tested failed to increase pain thresholds induced by thermal stimulus in rats and mice. CN-100 exerted potent inhibitory effects on carrageenin-induced acute inflammatory edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis. The antiinflammatory effect of CN-100 on the former was equal to that of indometacin, but weaker on the latter. The ulcerogenic activity of CN-100 was less potent than that of indometacin. These results indicate that CN-100 may produce its analgesic effects through a peripheral mechanism and be preferable for clinical use, especially for the treatment of inflammatory conditions accompanied by pain. PMID- 3494461 TI - The use of cimetidine in newborns. AB - Cimetidine, a specific H2 antagonist and a potent inhibitor of gastric secretion, was administered in newborns who failed to tolerate oral feeding and presented with abnormal gastric residues accompanied by microscopic or macroscopic high gastrointestinal bleeding. This group of 18 infants was compared to a control group of 15 in similar clinical conditions. After 4 days of treatment with cimetidine (24 mg/kg/day), adapted oral alimentation generally was well tolerated with normal gastric residues. No side effects of the therapy were observed. PMID- 3494462 TI - Amniotic fluid osteocalcin concentrations in pregnancies uncomplicated by fetal bone disease. AB - Osteocalcin is the major noncollagenous bone protein. Serum osteocalcin concentrations increase in conditions when bone turnover is increased, reflecting enhanced osteoblastic activity. The presence of osteocalcin in amniotic fluid (AF) has not been reported. We undertook this study to determine if osteocalcin is present in AF and to establish standards for AF osteocalcin concentrations, to be used in pregnancies at risk for diseases with increased fetal bone turnover. One hundred and thirty-one samples of AF from 15 to 43 weeks gestation were analyzed for osteocalcin by a radioimmunoassay detecting greater than or equal to 0.1 ng/ml, with a coefficient of variation of 6%. Osteocalcin measured in AF had the same gel-filtration characteristics as serum osteocalcin and the standard curves for serum and AF osteocalcin were parallel. Indications for amniocentesis were genetic study (n = 15) and fetal lung maturation (n = 116). None of the pregnancies studied produced an infant with bone mineral disorder. In 67% of the AF samples, osteocalcin was undetected; in 95% of the samples the concentration was less than 2.4 ng/ml. Concentrations of AF osteocalcin did not correlate with gestational age or birthweight, and were lower than the reported concentrations in cord serum or maternal serum. Thus normal amniotic fluid osteocalcin concentrations are less than 2.4 ng/ml; we speculate that its elevation in fetal bone disorders may provide a genetic counselling tool. PMID- 3494463 TI - The synthesis of peptides with potential thymic hormone activity: the synthesis of endo-Arg38a-deacetylthymosin beta 10. AB - A tritetracontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of endo Arg38a-deacetylthymosin beta 10 was synthesized by a conventional solution method. Seven peptide fragments were assembled, followed by deprotection with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole-Me2Se in trifluoroacetic acid. In preliminary experiments the synthetic tritetracontapeptide increased the entire peripheral T-cell population and a helper T-cell subset when incubated in vitro with blood which was obtained from a uremic patient with pneumonia, but a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell subset was unaffected under these conditions. The synthetic endo-Arg38a-deacetylthymosin beta 10 was as active as synthetic deacetylthymosin beta 10 in this in vitro assay. PMID- 3494464 TI - Effect of preopsonization on phagocytosis of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Because bacteria are known to persist in middle ear effusions for extended periods of time despite the presence of increasing titers of specific antibody in both sera and middle ear fluids in humans, we examined the ability of postinfection serum to opsonize Haemophilus influenzae (nontypable and type b) for phagocytosis by middle ear macrophages in chinchillas. Our data indicated that preopsonization of both strains of H influenzae enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages recruited to the middle ear following intrabullar instillation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Both the total number of bacteria ingested and the percentage of macrophages phagocytizing were significantly greater in the presence of postinfection serum than preinfection serum for all animals tested. PMID- 3494465 TI - Vestibular compensation evaluated by rotation tests and posturography. AB - In patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH), compensation plays an indispensable role in reorganizing and returning to normal the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR). These compensatory and adaptive processes, however, may have an independent course because the results for VOR are nontransferable to VSR. Discordance between results of rotation tests (evaluating the compensation for the VOR) and posturographic (PG) results (evaluating compensation for the VSR) are observed in 50% of the patients with UVH. The complaint of "instability" shows correlation with abnormal PG data. Accordingly, a thorough evaluation of a patient with UVH has to include information about the VSR as it can be provided by PG. PMID- 3494466 TI - Esterase activity in cat vestibular end organs. An enzymatic barrier system? AB - A series of highly specific inhibitors and substrates were used to specifically characterize the esterases present in the five vestibular end organs (the three semicircular canal cristae, the utriclar, and the saccular macula) from four young adult cats. No butyrylcholinesterase or nonspecific acetylcholinesterase activity was found. The results indicate a dense localization of acetylcholinesterase activity beneath and between the hair cells, at the sensory epithelial and subepithelial junction, and within vascular elements. This reaction product extends along the entire length of the sensory epithelium. Activity also extends proximally to the areas of the nerves' entrance into the subepithelial tissue. It should be noted that most of the activity is likely to be located in the extracellular matrix, as well as in the endoneurium. This extracellular distribution may represent an enzymatic barrier to the diffusion of acetylcholine that may be essential for the normal function of the end organ and possibly similar to the blood-brain barrier in some respects. PMID- 3494467 TI - Auditory brain-stem evoked responses in cerebellopontile angle tumors. AB - Large acoustic or nonacoustic cerebellopontile angle tumors cause severe to total hearing loss on the same side. Such a tumor can also cause hearing loss on the opposite side by pressure effect on the brain stem. This was observed in 23 patients with large tumors that were surgically treated. Their computed tomographic scans and surgical findings supported the auditory brain-stem evoked potential changes noted in this study. Early removal of such a tumor is essential to prevent any possible hearing loss on the opposite side that may be produced by the tumor. PMID- 3494468 TI - Propofol or thiopentone: effects on intraocular pressure associated with induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation (facilitated with suxamethonium). AB - Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in patients given propofol 2.1 mg kg-1 (n = 30) or thiopentone 4.9 mg kg-1 (n = 30) followed by suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg-1 and tracheal intubation. Half the patients in each group received an additional smaller dose of the same induction agent (propofol 1.0 mg kg-1 or thiopentone 2.0 mg kg-1) immediately before intubation. Both agents produced significant decreases in IOP which were slightly more marked with propofol. The administration of suxamethonium produced an increase in IOP in all groups, more so in those given thiopentone, in whom it exceeded the control values. Intubation of the trachea produced the greatest increase in IOP, averaging about 25% above control in all groups except in the group given the additional dose of propofol, in whom IOP remained below control values throughout the process of induction and intubation. Ten patients (33%) experienced pain on injection with propofol. A decrease in systolic arterial pressure of more than 30% was observed in 12 patients (40%) receiving propofol, compared with three (10%) of those given thiopentone. PMID- 3494469 TI - Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor accelerate proliferation of human hair bulb papilla cells and root sheath fibroblasts cultured in vitro. PMID- 3494470 TI - The placental transport of [3H]vitamin K1 in rats. AB - In this paper we describe the placental transport of [3H]vitamin K1 in pregnant rats during the first 24 h after the oral administration of the vitamin. Vitamin K1 in the fetal livers ranged from 0.13% (3 h) to 2% (24 h) of the values found in the corresponding maternal livers. In spite of the low placental transfer of vitamin K, we found no accumulation of coagulation factor precursors in the fetal rat liver microsomes as could be expected in vitamin K deficiency. Moreover, we could not demonstrate any difference between adult and fetal rat liver microsomes with regard to the sensitivity for warfarin. From these results we conclude that a substantial placental barrier exists for the transport of pharmacological amounts of vitamin K1 but that under physiological conditions sufficient vitamin K1 appears to be present in the fetal liver to ensure a full carboxylation reaction. The vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity rate of adult and fetal rat liver microsomes was comparable, indicating that the newborn rat has an adequate carboxylating system. PMID- 3494471 TI - Interferon response in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3494472 TI - Self-phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor: evidence for a model of intermolecular allosteric activation. AB - The membrane receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a 170,000-dalton glycoprotein composed of an extracellular EGF-binding domain and a cytoplasmic kinase domain connected by a stretch of 23 amino acids traversing the plasma membrane. The binding of EGF to the extracellular domain activates the cytoplasmic kinase function even in highly purified preparations of EGF receptor, suggesting that the activation occurs exclusively within the EGF receptor moiety. Conceivably, kinase activation may require the transfer of a conformational change through the single transmembrane region from the ligand binding domain to the cytoplasmic kinase region. Alternatively, ligand-induced receptor-receptor interactions may activate the kinase and thus bypass this requirement. Both mechanisms were contrasted by employing independent experimental approaches. The following lines of evidence support an intermolecular mechanism for the activation of the detergent-solubilized receptor: the EGF-induced receptor self phosphorylation has a parabolic dependence on the concentration of EGF receptor, cross-linking of EGF receptors by antibodies or lectins stimulates receptor self phosphorylation, immobilization of EGF receptor on various solid matrices prevents EGF from activating the kinase function, and cross-linking of EGF receptors increases their affinity toward EGF. On the basis of these results, an allosteric aggregation model is formulated for the activation of the cytoplasmic kinase function of the receptor by EGF. This model may be relevant to the mechanism by which the mitogenic signal of EGF is transferred across the membrane. PMID- 3494473 TI - Epidermal growth factor induces rapid, reversible aggregation of the purified epidermal growth factor receptor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor from A-431 cells was purified by affinity chromatography with monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies. The purified radiolabeled receptor was incubated with EGF and then analyzed by gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. In these gels, the EGF receptor migrates in two forms: a fast-migrating (low) form and an EGF-induced slow migrating (high) form. On the basis of the various control and calibration experiments described, it is concluded that the low form represents the monomeric 170-kilodalton EGF receptor and the high form represents an EGF receptor dimer. The binding of EGF causes a rapid, temperature-sensitive dimerization of the EGF receptor. Receptor dimerization is fully reversible and involves saturable, noncovalent interactions that are stable at neutral pH and in nonionic detergents. Both the monomeric and dimeric forms of the receptor bind EGF and undergo self-phosphorylation. The dimeric form of the receptor may possess higher ligand binding affinity, and it seems to be phosphorylated earlier than the monomeric form following the addition of EGF and [gamma-32P]ATP. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that receptor oligomerization is an intrinsic property of the occupied EGF receptor and that it may play a role in the activation of the kinase function and the subsequent transmembrane signaling process. PMID- 3494474 TI - Inhibition of acid secretion of fundus of Rana pipiens with a high concentration of potassium on the secretory side. AB - Inhibition of acid secretion of the frog fundus is generally accompanied by an increase in transmucosal resistance, Rt, and in potential difference, PD (nutrient normally positive). These results are predicted for the intact tissue by an electrogenic proton pump. It has been suggested that the increase in PD with inhibition can also be explained by a neutral proton pump. The latter model postulates a K+ diffusion potential across the secretory (lumen-facing) membrane tending to make the secretory side positive. Upon inhibition, the [K+] in the lumen is assumed to increase, which decreases the diffusion potential, resulting in an increase in the positivity of the nutrient side. To test this theory, we determined the effects of inhibition with a high [K+] on the secretory side. With a high [K+] in the lumina, inhibition would result in only a small change in the ratio of K+ in the cell to that in the lumina, and hence a small change in the diffusion potential. We found, however, that inhibition increased the PD essentially the same as in the controls. With inhibition the resistance also increased with high secretory K+. Elevating the secretory K+ during secretion produced a 44% decrease in Rt indicating a large increase in luminal K+. We conclude that the results are not compatible with the K+ diffusion potential model but are those predicted by the electrogenic concept. PMID- 3494475 TI - Purification and characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor from human articular cartilage. AB - An inhibitor of serine proteinases from human articular cartilage was purified to homogeneity by sequential ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography on CM Sephadex C-50. The apparent molecular weight of the cationic glycoprotein (pI greater than 10) was determined to be 16.5 X 10(3) by SDS gel electrophoresis. The inhibitor blocked the activity of leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G and trypsin but not leukocyte collagenase. In kinetic studies for the interactions with leukocyte elastase a firm enzyme-inhibitor binding was obtained. Amino acid analyses did not reveal homologies with other serine proteinase inhibitors already purified from human tissues. PMID- 3494476 TI - Skinfold thickness and adiposity index in premature infants. AB - In order to assess the validity of the weight per square of length ratio as an index of adiposity during the neonatal period, 37 premature infants (gestational age, mean +/- SD, = 31.5 +/- 1.1 weeks, birthweight, mean +/- SD, = 1.448 +/- 147 g) were studied for weight, length and skinfold thickness at 5 sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and quadriceps) during their stay in the Neonatal Unit of the University Hospital in Lausanne. The results show a significant correlation between the adiposity index and the sum of 5 skinfold thickness sites in premature infants. The adiposity index gives a fair estimate of the body fat mass during the postnatal growth in premature infants. PMID- 3494477 TI - Optical ellipsometry on the diffraction order of skinned fibers. pH-induced rigor effects. AB - The polarization properties of light diffracted from single-skinned fibers of skeletal muscles have been examined under conditions in which the bathing solution pH and the ionic strength are changed. For fibers in the relaxed state, we observe large decreases in both the total depolarization signal, r, and the total diffraction birefringence signal, delta nT, upon pH change from 7.0 to 8.0 at normal ionic strength. However, if the ionic strength is raised, then the r value change as the pH changes from pH 7.0 to pH 8.0 is much smaller. If the rigor state is achieved at pH 8.0, and 0 mM ATP under either of the ionic strength conditions, the fiber can still be stretched. Rigor stiffness for this state is only approximately 20% that of the value of the stiffness at pH 7.0 rigor. Electron micrographs obtained under this pH 8.0 rigor state show that the overlap region can be decreased upon stretching the fiber, signifying a different kind of weaker-binding rigor state. Optically, the weaker-binding rigor state has a lower depolarization signal and larger form birefringence than the strong binding rigor state. To convert from one type of rigor state (pH 7.0) to the other rigor state (pH 8.0), or vice versa, the fiber must first be relaxed. Apparently, either of the rigor states can block the full impact of the pH effect. PMID- 3494478 TI - [Immunochemical study of the heterogeneity of trophoblastic beta 1-glycoprotein]. AB - It has been found that in mild acid (pH 6.6) and mild-alkaline media (pH 7.7) both pregnancy proteins form complete precipitates. In more alkaline buffer solutions the form of alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-GP) precipitate is preserved, while trophoblastic beta 1-glycoprotein (TBG) shows three immunochemically identical components with different electrophoretic mobility. The form with beta globulins mobility predominates, and minor fragments are presented by alpha- and gamma-components. All TBG forms are clearly seen at pH 8.6. In more alkaline medium (pH 10.0) the clarity of the precipitates drastically decreases. It is shown that heparin introduction into the gel of first dimension electrophoresis increases anode electrophoretic mobility of both proteins at polysaccharide concentration of at least 0.1 mg/ml. Large amounts of heparin cause the increase in TBG alpha-component precipitate area and the decrease in the form with beta globulins mobility. At the same time alpha 2-GP precipitate area and form remain unchanged. PMID- 3494479 TI - Production of colony-stimulating activity by normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes. AB - Normal human B cells were purified from peripheral blood or tonsils and tested for their ability to release colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in short-term cultures. The target cells used in the CSA assays were from peripheral blood or bone marrow. Unstimulated B cells produced CSA in amounts similar to those present in the GCT-conditioned medium used as a positive control. The B cell derived CSA predominantly promoted the growth of colonies that contained macrophages alone or macrophages and granulocytes. CSA eluted in a single peak from a G-75 Sephadex column with an approximate molecular weight (mw) of 65 to 70 kilodaltons (kd). Fractionation of tonsil B lymphocytes on Percoll density gradients showed that large B cells, probably already activated in vivo, were the main source of CSA. By contrast, small, resting B cells recovered from a different fraction of the Percoll gradient released minimum amounts or no CSA. However, these B cells became CSA producers following stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC) in vitro. B cells purified from the peripheral blood of nine out of 12 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) also released CSA in vitro in the absence of stimuli. These findings suggest that by releasing CSA, B cells may have a role in the regulation of hematopoiesis and in the control of the inflammatory process. PMID- 3494480 TI - Activities of four purified growth factors on highly enriched human hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - The activities of four purified human growth factors: biosynthetic (recombinant) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); recombinant erythroid potentiating activity (EPA); natural and recombinant pluripoietin (Ppo); and natural pluripoietin alpha (Ppo alpha), were compared on the growth of hematopoietic colonies from enriched populations of human marrow and blood progenitor cells. Conditioned medium from the Mo T cell line (MoCM) was used as a standard positive control. We found that activities of GM-CSF and Ppo alpha on the growth of hematopoietic colonies were indistinguishable; Ppo alpha is now believed to be identical to GM-CSF. Both factors were able to promote the growth of colonies derived from subpopulations of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEM. Colonies derived from CFU-GM and CFU-GEM in cultures stimulated by GM-CSF and Ppo alpha were much smaller than in cultures stimulated by MoCM. In contrast to previous reports in which less highly enriched progenitors were used as target cells, Ppo had no detectable activity on the growth of colonies derived from BFU-E or CFU GEM but promoted the growth of a subpopulation of CFU-GM derived colonies. Ppo is now recognized to be identical to G-CSF. The GM colonies in cultures stimulated by G-CSF (Ppo) were much smaller than in cultures stimulated by MoCM. EPA had no detectable activity on either the size or number of colonies derived from CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-GEM. Results from experiments using target cell populations of marrow fractions separated by velocity sedimentation and marrow populations following freezing suggested that GM-CSF (Ppo alpha) and G-CSF (Ppo) primarily affect the growth of relatively mature subpopulations of progenitor cells. It is clear from these results that additional factor(s) are present in MoCM that are necessary to stimulate CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEM maximally in vitro. PMID- 3494481 TI - Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and platelet adhesion. PMID- 3494482 TI - Measurement of radiation dose to the thyroid using positron emission tomography. AB - Measurements of the functioning volume of thyroid tissue have been made in 22 patients undergoing radioiodine therapy for thyrotoxicosis, using a prototype multiwire proportional counter positron camera. Tomographic images were produced of the distribution of 124I in the thyroid. Functioning volumes were found to be in the range 21-79 cm3 with volume errors of the order of +/- 4% to +/- 14%. Radioiodine uptake varied from 28% to 98%. Using a value of 6 days for the effective half-life of radioiodine in hyperactive thyroids, radiation doses from a standard therapy administration of 75 MBq of 131I varied from 11 to 48 Gy (compared with a recommended 50-70 Gy). In five cases PET imaging showed a non uniform distribution of radioiodine in thyroids thought to have uniform uptake from conventional pinhole scintigraphy. PMID- 3494483 TI - In vitro and in vivo characterization of the properties of a multifiber carbon electrode allowing long-term electrochemical detection of dopamine in freely moving animals. AB - We recently developed a multifiber carbon electrode for voltammetric studies which shows an apparent selectivity for dopamine (DA) in vitro and which can be used over very long periods of time after implantation for in vivo recordings in the striatum of rodents. This series of experiments was undertaken to further characterize our voltammetric signal detected in the brain. Comparison of voltammetric signals obtained in vitro after electric pretreatment of the electrode in solutions of various oxidizable endogenous compounds at regularly increasing concentrations showed that the sensitivity of the electrode for DA is 10,000 times higher than for ascorbic acid (AA) and 1000 times higher than for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), two compounds which are detectable in vivo. Measurements of the DA signal in the presence of DOPAC or AA showed that interactions occurred between the oxidized forms of the various molecules. DOPAC decreased the DA sensitivity of the electrode, whereas a potentiation of the DA signal was observed with AA at high concentrations, showing the presence of an electro-catalytic effect. At lower AA concentrations a decreased DA sensitivity of the electrode was observed as in the case of DOPAC. The brain distribution of the in vivo voltammetric signal was studied in anesthetized hamsters, showing a regional specificity which was positively correlated to the dopaminergic innervation. In animals with chronically implanted electrodes, various pharmacological compounds known to interfere with DA metabolism or the activity of dopaminergic neurons were injected. alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine and reserpine were shown to induce a decrease in signal amplitude. Similar data were obtained with gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone, which have been previously shown to decrease the dopaminergic neuronal firing rate. An increase in the striatal response was on the contrary obtained in anesthetized rats following electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle containing dopaminergic fibers. Drugs acting on dopaminergic receptors such as neuroleptics and apomorphine, were shown to increase and diminish the striatal signal, respectively. Finally, AA peripheral administration was found to reduce the striatal signal amplitude. These data reinforce the idea that DA mainly contributes to our in vivo brain voltammetric response, although extracellular DOPAC or AA levels may influence this response. Variations in the striatal voltammetric signal recorded in vivo in freely moving animals over very long periods of time after electrode implantation may thus reflect variations in the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 3494484 TI - The role of compensatory eye and head movements for gaze stabilization in the unrestrained frog. AB - Compensatory eye, head and gaze movements of unrestrained frogs were recorded simultaneously in response to table movements in the light. Passive displacement was compensated with a gain between 0.55 and 0.85, depending on stimulus amplitude. At small stimulus amplitudes gaze was stabilized exclusively by compensatory eye movements. At larger stimulus amplitudes compensatory head movements contributed up to 80% gaze stabilization. The contribution of compensatory eye movements became increasingly more restricted to those brief transient periods, at which head velocity changed only slowly in response to a change in stimulus direction or velocity. The wave forms of both eye and head movements exhibited characteristic and complementary distortions. Their combination, the gaze wave form compensated almost exactly in phase for the imposed passive displacement in space. Head saccades of small amplitude were rather well compensated by fast eye movements in the opposite direction, with the result that the combined gaze movement was smooth. The occurrence of these compensatory fast eye movements depended neither upon the function of the labyrinthine organs nor upon retinal image slip. PMID- 3494485 TI - Opposite effects of unilateral forebrain ablations on ipsilateral and contralateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. AB - Unilateral ablations of frontal cortex, rostral striatum, nucleus accumbens, septal area and olfactory tubercle decreased ipsilateral hypothalamic self stimulation; the same ablations had the opposite effect on contralateral self stimulation. The ablations shifted the function relating response rate to stimulation frequency (rate-frequency function) to the right for ipsilateral self stimulation and to the left for contralateral self-stimulation, suggesting a reduction and an augmentation, respectively, of the rewarding impact of the stimulation. The inhibition of ipsilateral self-stimulation was neither total nor permanent; 20-30% shifts in threshold were seen at first, but behavior returned to near-normal levels over a period of several weeks. In contrast, the augmentation of contralateral self-stimulation showed no significant change over the same period; in this case the 20-30% shifts in threshold were immediate and permanent. The degree of change in ipsilateral threshold was positively correlated with lesion size; the degree of change in the contralateral threshold was not. Ablations restricted to cortical tissue caused a lesser degree of augmentation of contralateral self-stimulation and had no effect on ipsilateral self-stimulation. The small effects of large ablations on ipsilateral self stimulation confirm similar observations of Huston and Stellar and their co workers and raise questions for current theories regarding the role of dopamine in brain stimulation reward. The facilitation of contralateral self-stimulation indicates that brain stimulation reward does not involve a completely lateralized mechanism. PMID- 3494486 TI - Intercorrelations of regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Patterns of cerebral metabolic correlations were compared between 21 Alzheimer's disease patients and 21 healthy age-matched controls in the resting state. Cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were determined by positron emission tomography using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for whole brain glucose metabolism, were evaluated between pairs of regional glucose metabolic rates in 59 brain regions. Reliable correlation coefficients were obtained with the 'jackknife' and 'bootstrap' statistical procedures. Compared with healthy controls, the Alzheimer patients had significantly fewer reliable partial correlation coefficients between frontal and parietal lobe regions, and more reliable correlations between the cerebellum and temporal lobe. The number of reliable correlations between many bilaterally symmetric brain regions was reduced in the Alzheimer patients, as compared with controls. These results suggest that in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease there is a breakdown of the organized functional activity between the two cerebral hemispheres, and between parietal and frontal lobe structures. PMID- 3494487 TI - Suppression of mating behaviour in the male rat by intracerebroventricular infusions of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - Acute microinfusions of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the third cerebral ventricle (III V) of sexually experienced male rats produced a dose-related suppression of masculine sexual behaviour. This inhibition of male sexual performance could be reversed by simultaneous infusions of small doses of pargyline. Three analogues of MPTP, namely, 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyrididine, 4-cyano-4-phenylpiperidine and 4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine had no significant effects on any of the parameters of male sexual behaviour. These findings suggest that MPTP may have potent effects on the mechanisms regulating male sexual behaviour in the rat by acting on sites around the third ventricle (arcuate and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei) where there are high MPTP receptor densities and thus provide further evidence for MPTP in neuroendocrine regulation. These responses depend upon the unique structural properties of the MPTP molecule. PMID- 3494488 TI - Water versus NaCl intake by rats administered certain dipsogens acutely. AB - Isotonic saline was ingested in a greater volume than water when any one of three dipsogenic agents [L-5-hydroxytryptophan (25 mg/kg, SC), isoproterenol (25 micrograms/kg, SC), and angiotensin II (100 micrograms/kg, SC)] was administered acutely to rats given either isotonic saline or water to drink. These results are consistent with, but not exclusive to, the hypothesis that feedback inhibition of ingested isotonic saline on further fluid intake is less than that of water. Additional studies showed that the dipsogenic response to angiotensin II (200 micrograms/kg, SC) decreased as the concentration of NaCl solution offered to drink increased beyond 0.15 M in rats given either water or NaCl solution to drink. This suggests the possibility that the intensity of taste of the NaCl solutions may be a factor in their intake under these conditions, although the intake of these salt solutions by untreated controls did not reflect this. When the rats were allowed to choose between either 0.15 or 0.25 M NaCl solution and water, administration of angiotensin II (either 100 or 200 micrograms/kg, SC) increased water intake in preference to the NaCl solution. These results suggest that the rat, under these conditions, has a preference for water over NaCl solution. PMID- 3494489 TI - The role of clinical examination in the accurate diagnosis of bovine neurologic disease. AB - Accurate, specific diagnosis of bovine neurologic disease is both possible and necessary in practice settings. The requirements for accurate diagnosis are a knowledge of the pathogenesis and epizootiology of the bovine neurologic diseases as described in this issue and a systematic approach to clinical examinations including accurate history taking, careful physical examination, neurologic examination, and inspection of the environment. Support for an accurate diagnosis can be obtained by use of the clinical pathology laboratory and, in herd problems, necropsy. The value of a precise diagnosis in bovine neurologic disease lies in the avoidance of costly, inappropriate therapy, the restriction of transmission of zoonotic disease, avoidance of ineffective treatment, more efficient salvage of affected individuals, and cost-efficient implementation of appropriate preventive measures as well as a sense of professional satisfaction in overcoming a challenging and difficult diagnostic problem. PMID- 3494490 TI - Bovine neurologic diseases. PMID- 3494491 TI - Examination of the bovine nervous system. AB - Neurologic evaluation of cattle requires a complete history, a basic physical examination, and knowledge of the more common diseases affecting the nervous system of dairy and beef cattle. It is not time-consuming to perform a complete neurologic examination. With interest on the part of the practitioner and reasonable and careful observation, the experience can be rewarding and challenging, leading to accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and good patient care and herd health management. PMID- 3494492 TI - Central nervous system intoxications other than lead. AB - Other than lead, organophosphates and carbamates are probably the most important classes of toxicants affecting the central nervous system in food animals. Chlorinated hydrocarbons continue to present problems from time to time, as do certain poisonous plants. Less frequently encountered substances such as nitrofurans, certain rodenticides, herbicides, and other miscellaneous poisons are also discussed. PMID- 3494493 TI - Localized diseases of the bovine brain and spinal cord. AB - Localized lesions of the central nervous system do occur in cattle. Those affecting the cranial nerves and focal lesions of the spinal cord are most easily recognized by careful neurologic examination. Once the lesion has been anatomically localized, likely etiologic causes can be pursued. Probably the most common cause of cranial nerve deficits in cattle is listeriosis. Important differential diagnoses include brain and pituitary abscesses and extensions of ear infections. Other possible causes include PEM, TEME, hypovitaminosis A, and several rare, sporadic causes. In young cattle, spinal trauma and vertebral body abscesses are the most common causes of progressive paresis resulting from spinal cord lesions. Congenital abnormalities must be considered in the differential diagnoses for very young calves. Non-neurologic conditions, including fractures of the limbs and especially nutritional muscular dystrophy, must be ruled out. In older cattle, compressive neoplasms, most notably lymphosarcoma, are primarily responsible for progressive paresis. Differential diagnosis should include other neurologic conditions such as delayed organophosphate neurotoxicity; early progressive diffuse neurologic diseases such as rabies, pseudorabies, and botulism; plant toxicities; and non-neurologic conditions resulting in recumbency, such as hypocalcemia and musculoskeletal trauma. PMID- 3494494 TI - Rabies and other viral diseases. AB - This article presents discussions of the primary viral diseases with neurologic manifestations that affect cattle: rabies, pseudorabies, malignant catarrhal fever, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and sporadic bovine meningo encephalomyelitis. Characteristics of the etiologic agents, and descriptions of clinical signs, pathology, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control are presented. PMID- 3494495 TI - Listeriosis. AB - The signs of bovine listeriosis include depression and variable cranial nerve deficits indicative of brain stem inflammation. Because a wide range of cranial nerve deficits exists in bovine listeriosis patients, a thorough neurologic examination and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are essential to accurate diagnosis. Treatment should consist of intensive antibiotic therapy owing to the intracellular location of the causative organisms and should also address metabolic acidosis in those patients with loss of buffer because of excessive salivation. The public health implications of bovine listeriosis require the veterinarian to protect all persons attending the bovine patient affected with listeriosis. PMID- 3494496 TI - Survey of parents' attitudes to the recommended Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine program. AB - A survey was conducted in a general pediatric practice to determine parents' attitudes to and compliance with the recommended Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine program. Of 133 families surveyed 127 (95%) responded to the questionnaire. About one third of the parents did not have their children vaccinated. The decision against vaccination was made despite parent education, follow-up telephone contact and the pediatrician's expressed support of the vaccine program. Most of the respondents (86%) had no previous knowledge of the vaccine. The factor of greatest concern was the possibility of an adverse reaction. This concern was significantly more common among the parents who decided not to have their children vaccinated than among those who had their children vaccinated (chi 2 = 6.52, p less than 0.025). One third of the parents who indicated that they intended to have their children vaccinated required a telephone reminder. The findings suggest a need for public education about the vaccine, with particular emphasis directed at allaying fears about side effects. PMID- 3494497 TI - Lymphocyte surface marker studies in the diagnosis of unexplained lymphocytosis. AB - Fifty-six patients with unexplained lymphocytosis were investigated with a panel of antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens. In 23 the distribution of cell surface markers suggested reactive lymphocytosis. The remaining 33 patients showed a distribution of cell surface markers that indicated or suggested a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Two illustrative case reports show how such studies performed early in the investigation of unexplained lymphocytosis may permit earlier diagnosis of the underlying mechanism. PMID- 3494498 TI - Some calculations on the prevalence of dementia in Canada. AB - The epidemiology of dementia in Canada is not known. However, we report figures on the frequency of dementia in institutions in Ontario based upon the use of a multidimensional observation scale for the assessment of the elderly. These findings on institutionalized patients can be extrapolated to the whole elderly population, but the procedure is clearly too conservative by comparison with findings in other countries and in the light of the known occurrence of numbers of demented patients outside institutions. Ratios in different studies for the numbers of patients with dementia outside institutions and within institutions range from 1:1 to 6:1. Using a ratio of 2:1 and applying it to age specific population figures, a prevalence of dementia in Canada of 222,324 for those over 65 is obtained with a rate of 9.4% in that age group. When the figures projected in this way are compared with five epidemiological studies for the rate of dementia elsewhere, the Canadian figure which we have obtained ranks fourth out of six. This estimate provides potential figures on which to base the planning of services, provided that the inferential nature of the estimates is fully recognized. PMID- 3494499 TI - Flow cytometry in hairy cell leukemia before and during interferon alfa-2b therapy. AB - Mononuclear cells from 15 patients with hairy cell leukemia were studied before and during therapy with interferon alfa-2b (IFN) by regular peripheral blood differential counts and flow cytometry, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Moab). Seven leukemic phase patients (Group 1) had a mean leukocyte count of 48,870/microliter at entry with a mean absolute hairy cell (HC) count of 40,100/microliter. After 3 months on IFN, both parameters decreased significantly (WBC 3,500/microliter; HC count 130/microliter). In eight patients with a cytopenic form of the disease (Group 2) the mean leukocyte count rose from 2950/microliter to 3890/microliter while the mean absolute HC count decreased from 300/microliter to 120/microliter. The morphologic shifts correlated well with changes in the Moab reaction pattern. In Group 1 the activity of all Moab decreased significantly. In Group 2, only cells expressing Leu 3a and Leu 11a (a marker of natural killer cells) showed a significant shift, the latter increasing from 170/microliter to 360/microliter. This increase in natural killer cell antigen expression was not obvious based on routine morphologic observations alone. We show that flow cytometry may be a useful adjunct in monitoring the response of HCL to therapy. Changes in populations of cells that may be difficult to discriminate on morphologic grounds alone may be observed. PMID- 3494500 TI - Nonlymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma in children. AB - Three children with nonlymphoblastic, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, showed morphologic features that suggested nonlymphoblastic T-cell origin. Tissue for immunologic study was available from two of the three patients; both showed immunophenotypes of T-cells. Although nearly all T-cell lymphomas in children are lymphoblastic based on morphology, nonlymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas do occur in pediatric patients. PMID- 3494501 TI - Distinct chromosome abnormalities in ataxia telangiectasia with chronic T-cell lymphocytic leukemia. AB - We report chromosomal studies of a 27-year-old male patient with ataxia telangiectasia who developed a chronic T-cell lymphocytic leukemia. The leukemic cells grew spontaneously although a better yield of metaphases could be obtained after PHA stimulation. Chromosome analysis revealed a hypodiploid leukemic clone (44 chromosomes) and a single remaining normal metaphase. An isochromosome 8q was detected in a subclone at an early analysis, which was lost during clonal evolution. At the time of the last analysis, 6 months before the patient died, the diploid metaphases disappeared completely. The karyotype of the final chromosome study showed a monoclonal condition with the following abnormalities: 44,X,-Y,4q-,6p-,14q-,19p+,20q+,-20,22q-. Loss of the Y chromosome was limited to the leukemic cells. Comparing our data with the chromosome abnormalities reported in the literature, breakpoints at band 14q11-12 (location of the gene for the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor), loss of a normal chromosome #20, as well as structural abnormalities of the remaining chromosome 20p seem to be nonrandom in T-CLL arising in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. A Philadelphia-like marker that seems to be a peculiar feature of the case described here, however, resembles a small marker chromosome qualified as unidentifiable in a similar case of T-CLL reported in the literature. PMID- 3494502 TI - Constitutive production of interleukin 1 by human monocytic leukemia cell line JOSK-I and the production mechanism. AB - JOSK-I is a newly established human monocytic leukemia cell line derived from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The cells possess immature monocytic features, both cytochemical and immunochemical. It was found that a high level of interleukin 1 (IL-1) was produced by JOSK-I cells without any stimulation. The IL-1 production by JOSK-I cells has the following characteristics: constitutive; cell concentration dependent; and minimal at the logarithmic growth phase and maximal at the saturation density of cell growth. This constitutive production of IL-1 was little affected by the addition of polymyxin B. Partial purification of JOSK-I-derived IL-1 was performed by high performance liquid chromatography on HPHT hydroxylapatite and TSK gel G3000 SW columns. The activity was found in the molecular weight range of 14,000 to 30,000 and over 70,000. In chromatofocusing, JOSK-1-derived IL-1 exhibited two isoelectric points, pI 6.9 and pI 5.9. Nearly 90% of the activity was immunoprecipitated with rabbit anti-human IL-1 antibody. These characteristics are consistent with those of human monocyte-derived IL-1. This cell line might be an ideal source of native IL-1 for investigating the biological and biochemical characteristics of human IL-1 and its clinical application. PMID- 3494503 TI - Re:Ryoichi Yamashita et al. Prevention of growth of metastases in rat liver by perioperative immunoactivation. PMID- 3494504 TI - Effect of anti-B16 melanoma monoclonal antibody on established murine B16 melanoma liver metastases. AB - The administration of anti-B16 monoclonal antibody of the IgG2b isotype to mice bearing established B16 melanoma liver metastases caused a significant and consistent reduction of up to 90% in the number of these metastases. No reduction in the number of metastases was noted when antigenically unrelated tumor or nonspecific immunoglobulin were employed. The antibody-mediated antitumor effect was completely abrogated by total body irradiation of the host. Treatment of the tumor-bearing host with antiserum directed against asialo GM1 prior to anti B16 antibody administration, abrogated the therapeutic effect indicating the involvement of a radiosensitive, ASGM1-positive cell in the tumor regression. The antitumor effect of the antibody treatment could be augmented by the concomitant administration of recombinant interleukin-2. The effect seen may have possible application in the treatment of liver metastases in humans by combined immunotherapy using recombinant interleukin-2 and specific antitumor monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3494505 TI - Isolation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-resistant mutants of a macrophage-like cell line: evidence for induction by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate of a non-colony-stimulating growth factor. AB - There has been much recent interest in the role of a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) in regulation of macrophage function and growth. In order to better define the role of PKC in these processes we have developed mutants of the RAW264 macrophage-like cell line that are resistant to the growth-inhibiting effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent stimulator of PKC activity. Concentrations of TPA of 10(-7) M or greater resulted in more than 90% inhibition of growth of RAW264 cells and were used to select for TPA-response mutants. Ultraviolet mutagenesis of 10(6) cells and growth selection under inhibitory TPA concentrations yielded 12 colonies. Two isolated lines (M11 and M12) were studied in detail. Neither cell line was deficient in, nor appeared to have an altered PKC, based on enzymatic activity in response to TPA or diacylglycerol. Both cell lines could grow in the presence of 10(-6) M TPA. After removal of TPA, mutant M11 continued to grow while M12 died. Growth of M12 cells was TPA concentration dependent. Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of M12 cells in the absence of TPA indicated that cell growth was arrested in G0 or G1. This was interpreted as indicating that TPA acted as a growth factor inducing cells to enter the cell cycle. M12 cells could also grow in L-cell-conditioned medium containing colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), the normal growth factor for cells of the macrophage lineage. After subcloning M12 cells, it was found that several subclones of M12 did not grow in response to TPA but did grow well in L-cell medium. These cells would grow in medium conditioned by the exposure of TPA-responsive subclones to TPA. Bone marrow culture cells also grew in the conditioned medium. The growth factors produced by the TPA responsive subclones were not neutralized by anti-CSF-1 antiserum. These results suggest that TPA may not directly induce the growth of M12 cells or the formation of colonies of bone marrow cells, but instead may act through the induction of a non-CSF-1 growth factor. These mutants can be used as tools for future studies on the role of PKC in the regulation of macrophage growth. PMID- 3494506 TI - Isolation of human KB cell lines resistant to epidermal growth factor-Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugates. AB - Mutants of the human KB carcinoma cell line resistant to a cytotoxic conjugate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) were selected. EGF-PE and the drug verapamil, which enhanced EGF-PE cytotoxicity, were used in the selection process. These mutants also showed some cross-resistance to PE. All of the EGF-PE resistant variants displayed lower levels of 125I-EGF binding, 20-50% of parental KB levels, without altered affinity for EGF and grew at a slower rate than the parental cell line KB-3-1. These results indicate that EGF-PE resistant KB cells have a complex phenotype which includes a reduction in the number of EGF receptors and reduced sensitivity to unconjugated PE. Resistance to toxin conjugates, although pleiotropic, is specific and does not lead to resistance to multiple other anticancer drugs, nor are independently selected multidrug resistant KB lines resistant to PE. These results argue that protocols for cancer treatment could effectively use specifically designed cytotoxic toxin conjugates as an adjunct to conventional chemotherapy. PMID- 3494507 TI - Normal and malignant human urothelium: in vitro effects of epidermal growth factor. AB - Cultures of human normal urothelial (HU) cells and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines were tested for their ability to specifically bind and respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF). The criteria of response investigated were stimulation of growth and induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. All four human TCC cell lines tested were stimulated to grow by EGF (1-100 ng/ml) in a dose related fashion while only one of four HU cell cultures was similarly stimulated, and growth stimulation of this cell line occurred only at early passage. TCC and HU cells bound EGF to similar degrees with Kds of 0.86 nM for TCC and 2.54 nM for HU (P greater than 0.05) and 91637 +/- 9816 (SD) (high affinity) receptors/cell for TCC and 124275 +/- 16841 for HU (P greater than 0.10). Baseline ODC activity was statistically similar in the two TCC and the three HU cell cultures tested. However, EGF induced dose related ODC activity only in the TCC cell lines and not in any of the HU cell cultures. Thus, while both malignant and normal urothelium bind EGF equally well in vitro, only TCC responds to EGF in two parameters relevant to neoplasia: growth and induction of ODC activity. PMID- 3494508 TI - Growth inhibition and augmentation of mouse myeloid leukemic cell line differentiation by interleukin 1. AB - The effect of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on the growth and differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cell line (M1) cells into macrophages has been studied. Purified human IL 1 beta appeared to be growth inhibitory (maximum, 50%) for M1 cells based on cell counts and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The replication of M1 cells was also inhibited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and as little as 1 unit/ml IL 1 augmented the growth inhibition by LPS. Although IL 1 inhibited M1 cell growth, it did not induce cell differentiation by the criteria of either effect on expression of Fc receptors or on phagocytic ability. However, IL 1 augmented M1 cell differentiation in conjunction with LPS. At low doses of LPS, addition of IL 1 induced differentiation even though LPS and IL 1 by themselves did not induce differentiation. Cells treated with IL 1 for 1 day and then with LPS for an additional 2 days showed considerable augmentation of Fc receptor expression, while cells treated with the same stimuli in the reverse sequence exhibited only a low level of differentiation. Cells treated with medium alone followed by LPS showed moderate increase in Fc receptor expression. In addition, exposure of cells to IL 1 for at least 16 h was required for IL 1 augmenting effect. Therefore, IL 1 appeared to primarily influence M1 cells to become more sensitive to LPS. Treatment with both of IL 1 and LPS induced differentiation of a LPS resistant clone of M1 cells, and IL 1 pretreatment rendered the resistant clone to become responsive to the differentiation inducing effect of LPS. Culture supernatants of M1 cells after stimulation with LPS contained IL 1-like activity by thymocyte comitogenic assays. In addition, mouse recombinant IL 1 alpha appeared to have the same activity as purified human IL 1 beta on the growth and differentiation of M1 cells. These results suggest that IL 1 may play an important role in mouse myeloid leukemic cell differentiation by acting as an autostimulating factor. IL 1 has been shown to be growth inhibitory and cytocidal for several tumor cell lines. Our results therefore suggest that the effects of IL 1 may result in the induction of terminal differentiation of some tumor cells. PMID- 3494509 TI - Induction of DNA strand breaks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia following treatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin in vivo and in vitro. AB - Four patients with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin, and initially received 4 mg/m2 i.v. weekly. Clinical responses to therapy varied: Patient A had a minimal response; whereas Patient D showed an 85% decrease in lymphocyte count at 2 wk; and Patients B and C had intermediate responses. The pretreatment mononuclear cell adenosine deaminase activities, which ranged from 1.6 to 44.6 nmol adenosine/h/10(6) cells, decreased to approximately 1 nmol adenosine /h/10(6) cells 24 h following 2'-deoxycoformycin, and increased to 15 to 50% of the pretreatment activity prior to the second drug treatment. The clinical response to 2'-deoxycoformycin was unrelated to the pre- or posttreatment adenosine deaminase activities or to the rate of return of enzyme activities following treatment. The plasma deoxyadenosine levels and the leukemic cell dATP concentrations rose slightly with therapy, but there was no correlation between the magnitude of increase and clinical response. No significant levels of DNA strand breaks were observed in the leukemic cells following treatment, although the NAD levels decreased slightly in two patients. When peripheral mononuclear cells from the patients and two controls were incubated in vitro for 24 h with 2' deoxycoformycin and increasing concentrations of deoxyadenosine, a concentration dependent increase in dATP and decrease in NAD were observed in both the patients and normals. The normal cells, and cells from two patients, developed a significant number of DNA strand breaks. However, there was no relationship between the formation of DNA breaks and the degree of accumulation of dATP or depletion of NAD, or between any of these changes and subsequent clinical responses to 2'-deoxycoformycin. Based on this study, it appears that the antitumor activity of 2'-deoxycoformycin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is unrelated to the induction of DNA strand breaks or to changes in the levels of dATP or NAD in the leukemic cells. PMID- 3494510 TI - Uptake, metabolism and subcellular localization of MPTP and MPP+ in blood platelets. PMID- 3494511 TI - Interactions between the neocortex and lymphocytes. PMID- 3494512 TI - Effect of exogenous interleukins on in vitro responses of T lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin disease. AB - PHA-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation and T-cell colony formation in soft agar was studied in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing medium in untreated Hodgkin disease (HD) patients and normal controls. The proliferative response of HD PBL was potentiated in presence of IL-2 containing medium in 11 of 20 cases studied, and there was marginal increase or inhibition of PHA response in 16 normal lymphocyte samples. Lymphocytes from patients in advanced stages of the disease, and those who were initially hyporesponsive responded better to suboptimal doses of PHA in the presence of exogenous IL-2. There was no improvement in the colony forming capacity of T lymphocytes from HD PBL even in the presence of IL-2-containing medium, whereas normal T-cell colony formation was augmented significantly both in number and in size of colonies. PMID- 3494513 TI - [Metabolic characterization of the angina syndrome with F-18-deoxyglucose using positron tomography]. PMID- 3494514 TI - A trophic effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on rat colonic mucosa in organ culture. AB - The development of an organ-culture system for rat colonic mucosa has enabled a direct assessment of the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cell division. An augmented mitotic index (AIm) has been employed to identify changes in cell proliferation. Explants of colonic mucosa from four animals were maintained in a medium containing serum for five days. On the fifth day of culture, half of the explants received fresh medium containing EGF (40 ng/ml) and the remainder (controls) fresh medium only. At 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr thereafter groups of both experimental and control explants received the metaphase-arresting drug vincristine (4 micrograms/ml) for 3 hr prior to fixation. The proportions of vincristine-arrested metaphases within the explants were determined. Analysis of the data indicates that when serum is present exogenous EGF exerts a trophic effect which increases with time (P less than 0.001). In a second experiment colonic explants from four animals were maintained for five days in a serum-free medium and were then divided into groups, each of which received one of a range of concentrations of EGF. The AIm was determined for each group after 36 hr. It was found that increasing concentrations of EGF produce a small but significant increase in cell proliferation (P less than 0.01). This effect, however, was less pronounced than that seen when serum was present. These results suggest that EGF has a trophic action on the colon and interacts with additional factors found in serum. PMID- 3494515 TI - Repopulation of spleens of irradiated mice after injection of spleen cell subpopulations. AB - Haemopoietic stem cells present in the spleen of adult mice were analysed by grafting X-irradiated animals with polystyrene-nonadherent (NABS) and polystyrene adherent (ABS) B-enriched splenocytes from syngeneic donors. The progeny of the haemopoietic stem cells present in NABS and ABS subsets were studied with respect to size, surface markers, and response to mitogens and antigens. Ninety-six per cent of the precursors of the myeloid cell lineage (CFU-S) were present in the NABS fraction (50-fold enrichment). The presence in NABS of progenitors of functional T and B lymphocytes was also demonstrated. Twelve days after grafting with NABS, more than 80% of the recipient splenocytes were large and nonadherent granulocyte-like cells. These cells had surface similarities with NABS from normal mice, since both populations reacted with peanut agglutinin and with a rabbit anti-NABS (RAN) serum. PMID- 3494516 TI - Maintenance of granulopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures from W/Wv mice and effects of lipopolysaccharide on granulopoiesis in culture. AB - An attempt was made to establish long-term cultures of marrow cells from genetically anaemic W/Wv mice. Two batches of horse sera were used. One batch of horse serum (HS-lot A) supported long-term maintenance (up to 20 weeks) of granulopoiesis in vitro. The number of suspension cells in W/Wv marrow culture was maintained at the same level as that in the control +/+ culture, but the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) and the ratio of immature to mature granulocytes were at a lower level than those in +/+ culture. These data suggest that haemopoietic progenitors in W/Wv cultures maintain a higher level of differentiation, and hence an increased self-renewal than those in +/+ cultures. Another batch of horse serum (HS-lot B) was less effective in the maintenance of the cultures, and the cultures deteriorated within 10 weeks. Addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced increased granulopoiesis in +/+ cultures, whereas such treatment resulted in the depletion of suspension cells in W/Wv cultures. The results suggest that haemopoietic cells of W/Wv mouse cannot cope with the strong stimulus for differentiation that occurs after the administration of LPS, although the cells can continue a moderately increased self-renewal and differentiation, as indicated by the results in the culture with HS-lot A. PMID- 3494517 TI - Ultrastructure of the synaptic ribbons in photoreceptor cells of Rana catesbeiana revealed by freeze-etching and freeze-substitution. AB - The three-dimensional structure of synaptic ribbons in photoreceptor cells of the frog retina was studied with freeze-etching and freeze-substitution methods, combined with a rapid-freezing technique. Although the synaptic ribbon consisted of two electron-dense plaques bisected by an electron-lucent layer in conventional thin sections, such lamellar nature was not so evident in freeze etched replicas. The cytoplasmic surfaces of the synaptic ribbon presented an extremely regular arrangements of small particles 4-6 nm in diameter. Fine filaments 8-10 nm in diameter and 30-50 nm in length connected synaptic vesicles and the ribbon surface. These connections were mediated by large particles on both ends of the filaments. Approximately 3-5 filaments attached to one synaptic vesicle. Synaptic ribbons were anchored to a characteristic meshwork underlying the presynaptic membrane via another group of similar fine filaments. The meshwork seemed to be an etched replicated image of the presynaptic archiform density observed in thin sections. PMID- 3494518 TI - Autoradiographic study of the production of secretory material by the subcommissural organ of frogs (Rana temporaria) after injection of several radioactive precursors, with special reference to the glycosilation and turnover rate of the secretory material. AB - The suitability of several radioactive precursors for studying the secretory processes in the cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of frogs (Rana temporaria) was tested by means of autoradiography. Special attention was paid to: the contributions made by different cellular compartments to the glycosilation of the secretory product, and the intracellular turnover rate of the secretory material. From the results it is concluded that: 3H-glucosamine excellently labels Reissner's fibre (RF) in autoradiographs, much better than any other of the radioactive precursors applied. 3H-glucosamine molecules are attached to the protein moiety of the secretory product within the peri- and subnuclear granular endoplasmic reticulum, whereas 3H-fucose and additional 3H glucosamine molecules are added to the oligosaccharide moiety in the supranuclear Golgi apparatus, previous to apical release; consequently, the subnuclear secretory material and the material that is released into the brain ventricle are chemically different so far as the oligosaccharide moiety is concerned. The oligosaccharide portion of the apical secretory product belongs (at least partially) to the class of the N-linked complex type oligosaccharides. The intracellular half-life of the subnuclear secretory material is at least 5.5 days. The subnuclear secretory material in the ependymal SCO-cells presumably has to pass through the Golgi apparatus before it can be released; this release probably occurs at the apical cell border. PMID- 3494519 TI - Tolerance, and more. PMID- 3494520 TI - Role of chromosome translocations in human neoplasia. PMID- 3494521 TI - Growth signal transduction: rapid activation of covalently bound ornithine decarboxylase during phosphatidylinositol breakdown. AB - We have previously shown that treatment of T lymphocytes with mitogenic ligands induces a rapid activation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) through a mechanism that is independent of protein synthesis but requires energy and an intact cytoskeleton. Here we show by immunoprecipitation experiments and by chemical analyses that ODC is covalently linked to the cell membrane by inositol. Treatment of sonicated cells with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from B. thuringiensis caused a rapid 3-fold increase in ODC activity. Similar treatment of intact cells had no effect, suggesting that the ODC is attached to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. We conclude that ODC release and activation occur by a novel mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol breakdown following ligand-receptor interaction. PMID- 3494522 TI - T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus. AB - The monoclonal antibody KJ23a reacts with T cell receptors utilizing the V beta segment V beta 17a. T cells bearing V beta 17a+ receptors react with very high frequency with the MHC class II protein, IE. In this paper we show that T cells expressing V beta 17a are selectively eliminated from the peripheral T cell and mature thymocyte pool of mice expressing IE, but are present in expected numbers in the immature thymocyte population of such animals. These results show that in normal animals tolerance to self-MHC is due to clonal elimination rather than suppression. In addition, they indicate that tolerance induction may occur in the thymus at the time immature thymocytes are selected to move into the mature thymocyte pool. PMID- 3494523 TI - Neuron-specific alternative RNA processing in transgenic mice expressing a metallothionein-calcitonin fusion gene. AB - Alternative RNA processing of the calcitonin/CGRP gene generates transcripts encoding predominantly calcitonin in thyroid C cells or CGRP in the nervous system. To examine the RNA processing choice of this gene in a wide variety of tissues, we created transgenic mice expressing the rat calcitonin/CGRP transcript from the mouse metallothionein-I promoter. Most cells that do not express the endogenous calcitonin/CGRP gene have the capability to make a clear splicing choice for calcitonin or CGRP transcript. In the majority of tissues studied, 90% 97% of the transgene mRNA encodes calcitonin. In contrast, both calcitonin and CGRP mRNAs were detected in the transgenic mice brains. Immunohistochemical and in situ RNA hybridization analyses show that CGRP transcripts are selectively expressed in a wide variety of neurons, while calcitonin is expressed predominantly in nonneuronal structures. Splicing choice operates independently of calcitonin/CGRP gene transcription. The data suggest that a specific regulatory machinery is required for the processing of CGRP transcripts and is restricted primarily to neurons. PMID- 3494524 TI - TGF-beta inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation: alteration of EGF binding and EGF-induced growth-regulatory (competence) gene expression. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits the growth of endothelial cells derived from various sources, including human umbilical vein, bovine aorta, and rat heart. Long-term exposure of rat heart endothelial cells to TGF-beta also induces dramatic changes in morphology that are characteristic of senescent cells. These changes are accompanied by a decrease in the number of high-affinity receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), with almost no change in total receptor number. Additionally, the EGF-induced expression of specific competence genes (c-myc, JE, KC) is decreased, whereas the induction of c-fos gene expression by EGF is unaltered by TGF-beta treatment. These data suggest that growth inhibitors such as TGF-beta may act by altering the cell's response to growth-stimulatory factors. PMID- 3494525 TI - Lack of reconstitution of nude mice alloreactivity by purified interleukin 2 and induction of non-H-2-specific effector cells by crude supernatants. AB - To verify or to challenge the reports indicating that IL-2 was the only molecule involved in the reconstitution of nu/nu mice alloreactivity in vitro, Balb/c (H 2d) nu/nu spleen cells were primed in culture against C57/B16 (H-2b) in the presence of crude IL-2-containing supernatants or purified IL-2. The generation of cytotoxic effectors was evaluated against a panel of 51Cr-labeled target cells. Although crude IL-2-containing supernatants sustained the generation of cytotoxic effectors, purified "natural" IL-2 (from different origins) and recombinant IL-2 were not able to do so. Con A or PHA were identified as cofactors synergizing with IL-2 to induce effectors from nu/nu spleen cells. These effectors efficiently lysed EL4 (H-2b, tumor line), but not mitogen-induced blast cells from the same strain. They also lysed targets bearing irrelevant allogenic H-2 specificities. Cold competition experiments confirmed the lack of H 2 specificity of such effectors: lysis of EL4 cells (H-2b) was inhibited strongly by YAC-1 cells (H-2a, very sensitive to NK lysis) or P815 cells (H-2d, autologous to the nu/nu effectors). Our results clearly challenge earlier conclusions and indicate that IL-2 alone does not reconstitute nude mice alloreactivity. Crude supernatants containing IL-2 and mitogen induce nonspecific effectors with patterns of reactivity similar to those of activated natural killers. We think that the cytotoxicity observed in these conditions in nude mice results from the mitogenic triggering of some kind of prethymic killer cells which subsequently are expanded by IL-2. PMID- 3494526 TI - Osmotic enhancement of mitogenic stimulation in PNA-negative murine thymocytes. AB - Increasing the osmolarity of the culture medium enhances the response of peanut agglutinin (PNA)-negative thymocytes to stimulation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The effect was attained by the addition to the medium of salts such as NaCl and KCl or by addition of nonionized compounds such as sucrose and fucose. The enhanced response was monitored by determination of [3H]thymidine incorporation, IL-2 production, and blasts formation. The potentiating effect of hypertonic medium on PNA-negative thymocytes treated with PHA and TPA was most pronounced at suboptimal concentrations of PHA. Hypertonic medium did not enhance the response of thymocytes treated with TPA and supraoptimal concentrations of PHA. Increasing the osmolarity of the medium 44 hr after initiation of culture did not enhance [3H]thymidine incorporation in thymocytes that were pulsed between 52 and 72 hr. The enhancing effect of increased osmolarity in mitogenic stimulation of thymocytes may be related to osmotic activation of the Na+/H+ antiport. PMID- 3494527 TI - Influence of MHC on thymus repopulation following intrathymic transfer of mouse T cell precursors. AB - T-cell precursors (pre-T cells) traditionally have been detected by their ability to repopulate the thymus of heavily irradiated mice following intravenous injection. Recently, an assay system involving the direct injection of pre-T cells into the thymus of sublethally irradiated animals has been described. Here we report the results of experiments designed to evaluate the ability of bone marrow cells to produce thymic repopulation following intrathymic injection in a wide range of donor-host strain combinations. Irradiated (600 R) mice were injected intrathymically with 2 X 10(6) bone marrow cells which differed from the recipient with respect to their Thy-1 allotype and the percentage of thymus cells expressing either donor- or recipient-type Thy-1 was determined 9 to 23 days after injection. The results of these experiments showed that thymocytes expressing the Thy-1 allotype derived from the donor marrow were only detected when the donor and host were matched at MHC. By contrast, thymic repopulation by MHC-mismatched donor marrow cells could readily be observed when these cells were given intravenously. PMID- 3494528 TI - Variation in susceptibility of Balb/c mice to coxsackievirus group B type 3 induced myocarditis with age. AB - The severity of cardiac lesions in coxsackievirus group B, type 3 (CVB3)-infected Balb/c mice depends upon both the age and the sex of the animal at the time of viral inoculation. Suckling animals (1-3 weeks old) of either sex develop few cardiac lesions. Thereafter, males rapidly demonstrate increasing disease susceptibility peaking at 16-18 weeks old and then decreasing susceptibility from 20 to 40 weeks of age. Female susceptibility increases much more gradually and myocarditis in this sex never reaches maximal levels as seen in males. Increased susceptibility correlates with virus concentrations in the heart and anti-CVB3 titers in the serum. Cardiac injury is dependent on functional T lymphocytes since treatment of the animals with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum abrogates inflammation and myocyte necrosis. Sex-associated steroid hormones influence both virus concentrations and immune responses in mice and are probably responsible for variations in disease susceptibility throughout the animal's life. PMID- 3494529 TI - Selective induction of OX19+ (CD5+) or OX19- (CD5-) alloreactive cytolytic lymphocytes in the rat. AB - The phenotypes of alloselective cytolytic lymphocytes of the rat are defined by staining of peritoneal cells of alloimmunized donors with monoclonal antibodies, sorting in a cytofluorometer and evaluating cytolytic capacity in a 51Cr-release assay. We demonstrate that alloimmunization of BN rats can result in either OX19+ (CD5+) or OX19- (CD5-) cytolytic alloselective lymphocytes and show that the OX19 (CD5-) cytolytic cells are OX34+ W3/25- (CD4-) OX8+ (CD8+) lymphocytes not exposing surface Ig. It is further demonstrated that the appearance of CD5+ and CD5- cytolytic alloselective lymphocytes are mutually exclusive; immunization with (WF X BN) F1 cells leading exclusively to appearance of OX19+ effector cells while immunization with WF cells leads to OX19- effector cells. Alloimmunization of WF rats only results in appearance of OX19+ cytolytic lymphocytes. PMID- 3494530 TI - Characterization of a low molecular weight suppressor of lymphocyte proliferation from guinea pig L2C leukemia cells. AB - Conditioned medium (CM) from 24-hr culture of guinea pig L2C B lymphoblastic leukemia cells contained an inhibitor(s) of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated proliferation of syngeneic (strain 2 guinea pigs), allogeneic (Hartley guinea pigs), and xenogeneic (Balb/c mouse, NZW rabbit) lymphocytes. The proliferation of several lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell lines also was inhibited in the presence of CM. The inhibitor(s) in CM was not toxic to any of the cultures studied. CM inhibited the mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes when added to cultures up to 52 hr after addition of mitogen. Normal responsiveness to mitogens could be restored by washing the CM-treated lymphocytes with medium during the first 6 hr of culture. The addition of exogenous IL-2 to lymphocyte cultures did not overcome the CM-mediated suppression of mitogen- or antigen-stimulated proliferation. CM also inhibited the IL-2-dependent proliferation of murine CTLL 2 cells. Preincubation of guinea pig lymphocytes in CM did not inhibit the capacity of these cells to release IL-2 after exposure to mitogen. The antiproliferative activity of CM was stable to heating at low pH (100 degrees C, 10 min, pH 4.0), was resistant to treatment with papain, pronase, DNase, and RNase and did not bind to Con A-Sepharose. Incubation of the L2C cells in indomethacin did not inhibit the release of the inhibitor(s). The inhibitor(s) in CM had an apparent molecular weight of 500-3500 Da as determined by dialysis and ultrafiltration analysis. The inhibitory activity was recovered in the organic phase after extraction with chloroform:methanol and eluted distinct from the thymidine standard after gel filtration on Sephadex-G 25. These data suggest that the inhibitor(s) in CM is a nonspecific, low molecular weight, lipid-like component (not prostaglandin) that exerts its antiproliferative effects subsequent to cell activation. The inhibitor(s) did not appear to suppress other biologic functions associated with activation, such as IL-2 secretion. The inhibitor in CM may be important in promoting tumor survival in vivo by suppressing potential anti-tumor cellular immune responsiveness. PMID- 3494531 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in subpopulations of human lymphocytes defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were investigated in subpopulations of lymphocytes identified by monoclonal antibodies. Purified T (OKT3+) and non-T lymphocyte subpopulations were isolated from human peripheral blood using Degalan bead columns coated with rabbit anti-human IgG. Purified subpopulations of OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes were obtained by coating the nonadherent population (T cells) from the first column with OKT4+ or OKT8+ and pouring it into a second Degalan column, coated with goat anti-mouse IgG. GR content and affinity were analyzed by a whole cell assay with [3H]dexamethasone as tracer. The numbers of GR in lymphocyte subpopulations (OKT3+ cells, non-T cells, OKT4+, and OKT8+ cells) were nearly equal. It is concluded that the differential effects of glucocorticoids on the circulatory kinetics of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells probably are not related to differences in glucocorticoid receptors of these T-cell subpopulations. PMID- 3494532 TI - Re-presentation of the hapten dinitrophenol (DNP) to a DNP-specific T-cell line. AB - Using a DNP-specific, class II-restricted T-cell line C9, we asked whether normal spleen cells directly labeled with DNFB (DNP-SC) can stimulate DNP-specific T cells. C9 cells were established from BALB/c mice primed with syngeneic DNP-SC subcutaneously; they proliferated and produced IL-2 and MIF in a DNP-specific, I A-restricted manner. We found that syngeneic DNP-SC alone, either unfixed or fixed with gluteraldehyde, could not stimulate C9 cells. However, when DNP-SC were added to cultures of C9 cells plus syngeneic fillers, but not allogeneic fillers, potent stimulation occurred. Allogeneic DNP-SC were also stimulatory provided the cultures contained filler cells syngeneic to the C9 responding T cells. DNP-protein conjugates, however, did not induce stimulation, indicating that the T cells are DNP specific but not hapten specific. Overnight coculture of DNP-SC and irradiated normal spleen cells also produced potent stimulator cells. However, generation of these stimulator cells was inhibited by addition of chloroquine to the culture medium. These findings indicate that syngeneic filler cells acquire DNP from the DNP-SC and re-present the hapten to the T cells in the context of IA. This process appears to require antigen processing by the filler cells. Collectively the results indicate that labeling of cell membranes with reactive haptens may not directly produce an immunogenic complex which is recognized by T cells. PMID- 3494533 TI - Retinal vascular endothelium expresses fibronectin and class II histocompatibility complex antigens in experimental autoimmune uveitis. AB - To analyze the role of the retinal vascular endothelial cells in the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we studied the presence of Ia antigen and FN in retinal vessels of Lewis rats immunized with retinal S antigen. Immunopathologic studies were performed on frozen tissues obtained during various stages of the disease. Our results show that Ia antigen was not present in the normal rat retina, and there was very little FN present in a few retinal vessels. One to two days prior to the histologic and clinical onset of EAU, FN was found to be increased in the retinal vessels. Ia antigen was found to be present in the retinal vessels coincident with the first signs of cellular infiltration. During the stage of maximal cellular infiltration, FN was present diffusely throughout the retina, as well as in the subretinal space, and Ia antigen was found diffusely in the cellular infiltrate. Therefore, FN and Ia antigen reflect the immunomodulation of vascular endothelial cells in EAU, which may be very important in the pathogenesis of retinal S antigen-induced uveitis. Two possible mechanisms for the role of the activation of the retinal vascular endothelium in the development of retinal inflammation in uveitis are discussed. PMID- 3494534 TI - In vivo immunomodulation by monoclonal anti-L3T4. 1. Effects on humoral and cell mediated immune response. AB - The in vivo administration of monoclonal anti-L3T4 antibody has been shown to be an effective preventative and, in some cases, therapeutic treatment for several murine models of autoimmune disease. This report deals with the effect of such treatments on humoral and cell-mediated responses to T-dependent antigens. Both the primary and secondary IgG responses to tetanus toxoid were inhibited when anti-L3T4 was administered prior to immunization, but it was ineffective in modulating an ongoing IgG response. Cell-mediated immunity, as detected by in vitro antigen-specific proliferative responses, was inhibited only if anti-L3T4 was given prior to immunization. It was not effective if treatment was delayed until 48 hr prior to lymph node harvest even though greater than 90% of L3T4+ lymph node cells were depleted by this treatment. The refractory behavior of the lymph node cells to anti-L3T4 treatment was not exhibited by antigen-primed cells obtained from peripheral blood or spleen. The importance of these findings with regard to antibody therapy for chronic autoimmune disease is discussed. PMID- 3494535 TI - The role of lymphoid cells in antibody-induced suppression of the fourth component of guinea pig complement. AB - Many laboratories have demonstrated that immunoglobulin production by B cells is controlled by networks of interacting lymphocytes and their products. Our laboratory has demonstrated that complement components produced by macrophages are also regulated by networks of interacting cells and humoral factors. Treatment of mice in vivo or guinea pig cells in vitro with anticomponent antibody specifically inhibits synthesis and secretion of the component by macrophages. We have further characterized the cellular basis for in vitro suppression of the fourth component of guinea pig complement. C4 suppression has been accomplished with dispersed spleen cells as well as intact splenic fragments. This facilitated examination of the cells responsible for long-term C4 suppression. The data suggested that C4 suppression required either cell contact or sufficient concentrations of soluble factors. Long-term suppression of C4 depends upon a lymphoid cell contained in the spleen and in lymph nodes but absent or in insufficient concentration in the peritoneum. The lymphocyte that actively maintains suppression was negative for the guinea pig T-cell marker detected by the monoclonal antibody mc8BE6. Therefore, the critical cell is either another T-cell subset or non-T lymphocyte. These data demonstrate that a network of interacting cells analogous to that proposed to regulate antibody synthesis is also involved in regulating some nonlymphoid cell products. PMID- 3494536 TI - Murine T cells reactive against autologous erythrocytes: evidence for in vitro and in vivo priming with mouse and rat red blood cells. AB - Normal mice are shown to harbor T cells that can be sensitized to proliferate against autologous red blood cells (RBC). These autoreactive cells were primed in vitro and in vivo with mouse as well as heterologous rat RBC, the in vivo administration of which has been previously shown to trigger the production of auto-RBC antibodies. Two broad classes of specificity are detected following priming: T cells cross-reactive for similar determinants coexpressed by mouse and rat RBC, and T cells specific for antigens restricted to self-RBC. These findings indicate that clonal deletion of self-RBC-reactive T cells is far from complete. The comparison of different in vitro and in vivo immunization protocols revealed the possible existence of several levels of immunoregulatory control which may prevent the expression of autoimmunity by these T cells. PMID- 3494537 TI - Role of natural killer (NK) cells in the production of the murine T lymphocyte allorecognition repertoire. AB - Limiting dilution cultures of alloreactive (anti-H2Kb) CTL were established from thymocyte or spleen cell pools of C3H/HeJ and their congenic bg/bg partner, or of SJL/J and their congenic bg/bg partner. CTL populations in these cultures were assayed for cross-reactive lysis of a panel of splenic Con A blasts of H2Kbm mutant mice. There was some slight elevation of frequency of CTLp in the thymocyte lymphoid pool of bg/bg mice; more strikingly, the repertoire of anti H2Kb specificities was clearly altered in both strains in the bg/bg animals. There was apparently an increased diversity (more specificities represented at higher frequencies) in the thymocyte pool and a decreased diversity in the spleen cell CTLp pool in animals with the bg/bg marker. Similar shifts in the allorecognition repertoire of normal C3H/HeJ mice were produced by inoculation of neonatal mice with a rabbit anti-NK heteroantibody (antiasialo GM1). Preabsorption of this serum such that it lost anti-NK activity also abolished this effect of in vivo neonatal injection. Furthermore, injection of bg/bg bone marrow-reconstituted C3H/HeJ (bg/+) mice with a C3H spleen cell-derived NK line also caused a shift in the allorecognition repertoire toward that seen in the normal littermate control animals. PMID- 3494538 TI - Natural killer (NK)-resistant human lung cancer cells are lysed by recombinant interleukin-2-activated NK cells. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells are active in host defence against tumors. In order to determine if NK cells have the capacity to lyse human lung cancer cells, we evaluated blood NK cell activity against human lung carcinoma lines representing each of the commonest histological types of lung cancer, NCI-H157 (large cell), LICM107 and NCI-H146 (small cell), NCI-H226 (squamous cell), and LICM26 (adeno), and compared the results to their activity against a standard NK-sensitive target, K562, using a 16-hr 51Cr-release assay. At effector to target (E:T) ratios up to 50:1, NK activity was very low against each of the lung cancer cell lines compared to the K562 cells (NCI-H157 10 +/- 2%, LICM107 12 +/- 2%, NCI-H146 14 +/- 5%, NCI-H226 8 +/- 5%, and LICM26 7 +/- 3%, compared to K562 60 +/- 3%, P less than 0.001, for each compared to K562 cells). Recombinant interleukin 2 (IL 2) produced a dose-dependent augmentation of NK activity against each of the lung cancer cell lines, with doses as low as 0.25 U/ml being effective. The highest level of boosting was seen against NCI-H157 cells where NK activity (E:T, 50:1, IL-2, 250 U/ml) increased from 9 +/- 2 to 56 +/- 7%, P less than 0.001). Only brief exposure to IL-2 was necessary for augmentation to occur, with as little as 5 min being required for activation, although increased exposure times produced increased levels of augmentation. NK cells appeared to be the IL-2-responsive lytic cell population in these experiments as Leu 11b-depleted lymphocytes expressed little IL-2-mediated augmentation of activity against these target cells, and most of this IL-2-mediated augmentation of activity was located in the large granular lymphocyte-enriched fraction of the lymphocyte population. We conclude that normal blood NK cell activity against human lung cancer cell lines is low but that this activity can be markedly augmented by brief exposure of NK cells to low doses of recombinant IL-2, suggesting a potential role for IL-2 in the immunotherapy of human lung cancer. PMID- 3494539 TI - Antigen-induced and polyclonal B-cell responses in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. AB - This work was designed to delineate the anti-hapten antibody (Ab) response induced by trinitrophenol-polyacrylamide (TNP-PAA) beads from the nonspecific B cell response which concomitantly occurs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Indeed human PBMC produce consistent amounts of immunoglobulins when cultured at high cell density in the presence of fetal bovine serum, regardless of the presence of antigen. In contrast, the stimulation of such cultures by TNP-PAA leads to an Ab response characterized by the following: cells secreting anti-hapten Ab at a high rate (detected by a plaque forming cel (PFC) assay); a 10-30 times enhancement in the number of hapten specific binding cells (detected by a rosette-forming cell (RFC) assay); the production of anti-TNP IgM Ab (detected by an ELISA assay). The anti-TNP response is specifically triggered by the particulate antigen, as shown by the following: The TNP-PAA antigen induces a clear-cut increase in the amount of anti-TNP Ab whereas it only marginally increases that of total IgM. The anti-TNP Ab response is specifically abolished when anti-TNP RFC are depleted from the PBMC preparation before the initiation of the cultures. The anti-TNP Ab response is specifically abolished when PBMC are triggered by TNP-PAA in the concomitant presence of a soluble TNP-protein conjugate. These results demonstrate the ability of polymeric antigens to specifically activate human peripheral blood B cells. PMID- 3494540 TI - Accessory cell function in a Con A response: role of Ia and interleukin 1. AB - Accessory cell (A-cell) function in a Con A response was analyzed. Irradiated P388D1 cells efficiently induced a proliferative response to Con A of T cells purified from spleen cells, whereas paraformaldehyde-fixed P388D1 cells failed to serve as A cells. Although IL-1 containing culture supernatant (SN) of a macrophage hybridoma induced the Con A response of the T-cell preparations, the depletion of Ia+ cells by the treatment with anti-Ia antibody and complement abrogated the response in the presence of IL-1. Fixed P388D1 cells and the hybridoma SN synergized in the reconstitution of the response. A 15,000-Da fraction of the hybridoma SN or human recombinant IL-1 alpha was able to substitute the hybridoma SN for the response. The reconstitution of the response by IL-1 and fixed P388D1 cells was inhibited by the addition of monoclonal anti Ia antibody. These results indicate that IL-1 or fixed P388D1 cell does not exert a sufficient signal by itself and both of them are required for the reconstitution of a Con A response of highly purified T cells, and that Ia on fixed P388D1 cells play an important role. PMID- 3494541 TI - Large, activated B cells are the primary B-cell target of 8-bromoguanosine and 8 mercaptoguanosine. AB - Previous studies have documented the ability of 8-bromoguanosine (8-BrGuo) and 8 mercaptoguanosine (8-MGuo) to induce polyclonal proliferation and differentiation of B cells from a variety of mouse strains. In the present study, we have defined the cellular target of this mitogenic activity. Using B cells fractionated according to size, we have found that large B cells are responsive to 8-BrGuo- and 8-MGuo-induced proliferation and differentiation whereas small, resting B cells are relatively unresponsive to these compounds. Addition of splenic adherent cells to the small B-cell fraction partially restored the proliferative but not the differentiative responses to 8-BrGuo and 8-MGuo. Although small B cells alone did not proliferate or differentiate in response to 8-BrGuo and 8 MGuo, cell surface expression of Ia antigens increased following incubation with these compounds. Thus, the biological activity of 8-BrGuo and 8-MGuo appears to be dictated by the cell type upon which it is acting. Small B cells are activated as evidenced by increased levels of surface Ia whereas large B cells are not only activated but are also induced to proliferate and differentiate. PMID- 3494542 TI - Macrophage activation by interferon alpha + beta is associated with a loss of proliferative capacity: role of interferon alpha + beta in the regulation of macrophage proliferation and function. AB - Murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) can be induced by colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) to undergo extensive proliferation and colony formation in vitro. In the presence of interferon alpha + beta (IFN alpha + beta) the proliferative capacity of PEM was greatly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. The antiproliferative activity of IFN alpha + beta appears to be noncytocidal and reversible at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, exposure to IFN alpha + beta was sufficient to cause growth inhibition in PEM. Tissue-derived PEM were at least 25-fold more sensitive than bone marrow GM-CFC to the antiproliferative activity of IFN alpha + beta. The fact that bone marrow-derived adherent cells also exhibited a higher degree of sensitivity than the less differentiated nonadherent counterparts suggests that the primary targets of IFN alpha + beta are cells derived from a later stage of development. Concomitantly with the loss of proliferative activity, both the tumoricidal and Fc receptor-mediated phagocytic activities in IFN alpha + beta treated PEM were greatly enhanced. These effects could be completely neutralized by the addition of anti-IFN alpha + beta immunoglobulin, indicating that they are mediated by the same molecule. This remarkable dichotomy in the actions of IFN alpha + beta (stimulates functional activities but suppresses proliferative capacity) suggests that IFN alpha + beta may play a role in the regulation of macrophage production and function. PMID- 3494543 TI - [SP1 serum levels in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 3494544 TI - [Emergencies in carcinoma of the esophagus]. AB - The authors reviewed their experience in the emergency treatment of complications of esophageal cancer. They have treated 5 cases of acute obstruction, bleeding (4 cases), perforations or rupture (5 cases), feeding and neoplastic obstruction of esophageal endoprostheses (30 cases), dislocations and migrations of endoprostheses (15 cases), damage of endoprostheses (1 case) and, finally, acute complications after laser treatment. PMID- 3494545 TI - [Ultrastructural study of a case of Groenouw's granular dystrophy (type 1)]. PMID- 3494546 TI - Studies on the mechanism of cytotoxicity of 3'-deoxyadenosine N1-oxide in different strains of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The correlation between the metabolic processing of 3'-deoxyadenosine N1-oxide (3'-dANO) in vitro and its effect on tumor growth in vivo has been investigated in seven different strains of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The metabolism of 3' dANO is initiated by reduction to 3'-deoxyadenosine (3'-dA). This process is the rate-limiting process. The 3'-dA does not accumulate, but is converted to 3' deoxyadenosine triphosphate (3'-dATP) or 3'-deoxyinosine (3'-dI). The ratio between 3'-dATP and 3'-dI inosine corresponds to the ratio between the activities of adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase in the cell. Two of the cell lines were markedly inhibited by 3'-dANO in vivo. In these cells the accumulation of 3' dATP was 1.4-2.2 nmol/h per mg cells, which accounts for the major part of the metabolized 3'-dANO. Five of the cell lines were not inhibited by 3'-dANO and the formation of 3'-dATP was 5-10 times less in these than in the sensitive strains. The low level of 3'-dATP is caused primarily by a low ratio between the activities of adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase, which is 15 time less than in the sensitive cell lines. The rate of reduction of 3'-dANO seems to be of minor importance. These results indicate a correlation between the inhibition of tumor growth by 3'-dANO and the ability of the cell to accumulate 3'-dATP from 3' dANO and show that this conversion is determined solely by the rate of reduction of 3'-dANO (3'-dANO reductase activity) and the ratio between the activities of adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase in the cell. Consequently, the estimation of these enzyme activities in cell lysate of a given tumor can be used to predict whether the tumor is susceptible to inhibition by 3'-dANO. PMID- 3494547 TI - Laser-induced endothelial damage inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxation in the cerebral microcirculation of the mouse. AB - This study demonstrates endothelium-dependent relaxation in the surface arterioles of the brain. A helium-neon laser was used to injure endothelium in situ following i.v. injection of Evans blue dye, which sensitizes the bed to the laser. Areas 18 or 36 micron in diameter were injured and no longer relaxed to either 1 ml of acetylcholine chloride or bradykinin triacetate, 80 micrograms/ml delivered for 60 seconds. Dilations to sodium nitroprusside (30 micrograms/ml) were unaffected. Normal responses to nitroprusside, plus electron microscopy, established that vascular smooth muscle was uninjured. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired when only minor ultrastructural damage was present. Dilation was inhibited downstream and upstream as far as 80 micron from the center of the laser beam. This suggests a spread of endothelium injury around the site of laser impact. However, inhibition was somewhat more marked downstream than upstream, implying that a portion of the downstream response was dependent on a substance released from an upstream site. To date, very few studies have reported endothelium-dependent relaxation in vivo, especially in the microcirculation. The present study accomplishes this. Moreover, in contrast to in vitro observations of endothelium-dependent relaxation in large vessels, the in vivo elimination of endothelium-dependent relaxation in the microcirculation required neither removal of endothelium nor injury to large numbers of endothelium cells. Since endothelium-dependent relaxation in the microcirculation has now been demonstrated using three different techniques to injure endothelium, it is reasonable to conclude that the phenomenon is real. PMID- 3494548 TI - Prospective evaluation of ultrafast cardiac computed tomography for determination of coronary bypass graft patency. AB - Twenty-five consecutive patients with 68 independent (single distal anastomosis) saphenous vein aortocoronary and 12 internal mammary bypass grafts (27 to left anterior descending, 10 to diagonal, 23 to left circumflex, 20 to right coronary artery) entered a reader-blinded, prospective, standardized study to establish the accuracy of ultrafast (cine) cardiac computed tomography (CT) for determining graft patency compared with invasive angiography. All patients underwent imaging after injection of 35 to 45 ml of meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76; 7 to 9 ml/sec for 5 sec) into an arm vein. Electrocardiographically triggered images were acquired over eight to 16 tomographic levels at 1 cm intervals from aortic arch to mid left ventricle. Criteria for graft patency were contrast opacification on at least two noncontinguous levels and contrast density-time curves morphologically similar to that of the aorta. Ultrafast CT correctly determined that 46 of 48 bypass grafts were patent and 31 of 32 were occluded (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy 96%, 97%, and 96%); there were no interpretation errors in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients. Accuracy was independent of vessel bypassed and not different for saphenous veins (96%) compared with internal mammary bypasses (100%). This study establishes a 20 min outpatient intravenous injection technique that is highly accurate for determining patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. PMID- 3494549 TI - Late results of coronary bypass in patients with peripheral vascular disease. II. Five-year survival according to sex, hypertension, and diabetes. PMID- 3494550 TI - Incidence of postoperative delirium following myocardial revascularization. A prospective study. PMID- 3494551 TI - Intra-individual variation of some analytes in serum of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Biological intra-individual variation in the concentration of 15 biochemical analytes in serum was estimated for 17 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and compared with results for apparently healthy individuals. The ratio of the average intra-individual variation in CRF patients to that in normal subjects was 1.5 to 2.0 for sodium, chloride, calcium, and creatinine; 1.2 to 1.5 for hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, cholesterol, and alpha amylase. The intra-individual CVs for urea, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase did not differ significantly between groups. The intra-individual variation of calcium and the concentration of creatinine in serum correlate significantly (r = 0.661, p less than 0.01). Individual values showed a gaussian distribution for all analytes. There was no time dependence of the intra-individual variation during a three-week interval, except for calcium and cholesterol. The estimated biological component of intra individual variation and the analytical variation can be used to derive decision making criteria in monitoring CRF. PMID- 3494552 TI - Selective sensitization of peripheral blood T lymphocytes to hepatitis B core antigen in patients with chronic active hepatitis type B. AB - The proliferative response of peripheral blood T cells to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), pre-S antigen and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) has been studied in 20 patients with hepatitis B virus induced chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and in 12 control subjects. Eleven of the 20 CAH patients showed a significant T lymphocyte proliferative response to HBcAg, whereas no proliferation was detectable in response to envelope antigens (HBs and pre-S) in any patient. T cell subset fractionation revealed that HBcAg specific proliferation was limited to the CD4+ (helper/inducer) population. CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells were unresponsive to HBcAg and did not suppress the proliferative response of autologous CD4+ cells. The HBcAg specific T cell proliferative response did not correlate with serum anti-core antibody titres or with biochemical evidence of liver disease. The present results show the selective presence of HBcAg-sensitized T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with HBsAg positive CAH and suggest that the peripheral lymphoid compartment may not reflect immunopathogenetically important cellular events operative at the site of tissue injury. PMID- 3494553 TI - Relationship between IL-2 and human T cell colony formation. AB - We have tested the reliability of a standard IL-2 microassay (3H-thymidine uptake by IL-2-dependent T cell lines) as a measure of the colony promoting activity (CPA) required for PHA-induced T cell colony growth in semi-solid cultures. Colonies were obtained from freshly isolated mononuclear cells (PBL) (primary colonies) or pooled cells of primary colony (secondary colonies). PHA-stimulated PBL generated primary colonies in the absence of exogenous CPA which, however, when added to the cultures enhanced colony growth. In contrast, primary colonies failed to form PHA-induced secondary colonies in the absence of exogenously supplied CPA. There was a close correlation between the colony forming capacity of PBL and primary colonies from the same donors plated in the presence of added CPA (r = 0.98). When CPA was measured in the secondary colony growth assay and the data compared to IL-2 measurement in the standard IL-2 microassay, CPA and IL 2 levels did not correlate, suggesting that IL-2 and CPA may represent distinct factors. The usefulness of primary colonies as target cells for the measurement of CPA levels in a variety of conditioned media is discussed. PMID- 3494554 TI - Chronic exercise stress in mice depresses splenic T lymphocyte mitogenesis in vitro. AB - This study investigated changes in functional response to splenic T lymphocytes of mitogens following acute and chronic exposure to endurance exercise. Splenic T cell response in vitro to concanavalin A (Con A) and the total number of lymphocytes per spleen were compared between mice assigned to the following treatment conditions: (a) exercise training (EX) by treadmill running (28 m/min, 8 degrees slope for 30 min, 5 times per week for 4 weeks preceded by 2 weeks of endurance build-up), (b) exercise training as above followed by a single, acute bout of exercise to exhaustion (EX + AC) (35 m/min, 8 degrees slope, 30 min to 2 h duration) (c) exposure to the novel environment for 6 weeks without exercise (control), and exposure to the novel environment as in (c) followed by a single, acute bout of exercise to exhaustion. Treadmill running for 6 weeks significantly enhanced succinate dehydrogenase activity in skeletal muscle compared to the sedentary, control condition, and was broadly interpreted as indicative of a training effect. EX mice had significantly reduced splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to optimal and supraoptimal concentrations of Con A compared with control animals. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into splenic lymphocytes from EX + AC mice was the most markedly depressed. Total number of lymphocytes per spleen was significantly lower in EX compared with control mice. These results suggests that chronic exercise challenge in mice is associated with T lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness in the secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen. PMID- 3494555 TI - Cloned human cytotoxic T lymphocytes develop anomalous killer cell function. AB - Mixed lymphocyte cultures were set up between blood mononuclear cells and irradiated autologous or allogeneic B lymphoblasts infected with Epstein-Barr virus. The resulting cytotoxic effector cells were cloned and tested for activity against the stimulating B lymphoblast, K562 and melanoma targets. Specific clones which killed only the stimulating B lymphoblasts (cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CTL) were re-cloned and the subclones tested for cytolysis of B lymphoblasts and melanoma cells. Of seven primary CTL clones generated in allogeneic culture, 308 subclones developed the ability to kill melanoma cells and none retained specific CTL function. In the autologous system, 180 subclones were derived from three specific primary clones: of these, 13 (7%) retained specific function, 29 (16%) were able to kill both B lymphoblasts and melanoma cells, and 93 (52%) killed only the melanoma target. Testing of random clones demonstrated that whereas both B lymphoblast killing (CTL function) and melanoma cell killing (anomalous killer; AK function) were blocked by a monoclonal antibody to LFA-1, only CTL function was blocked by anti-T3 or anti-T8 antibodies. The factor(s) causing the progression of CTL to AK cells are discussed. These data thus demonstrate that the majority of CTL are capable of mediating AK cell function and are thus potentially suitable for passive immunotherapy. PMID- 3494556 TI - Analysis of serum and synovial fluid IgA in Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. AB - The presumed antecedent infection which precedes Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis is frequently across a mucosal surface, and IgA immune responses may play a role in this process. Twelve of 29 patients with these conditions demonstrated elevation in serum IgA levels, and serum IgA levels in the postdysentery group (mean 3.21 g/liter +/- 1.27) were higher (P less than 0.01) than those in the posturethritis group (mean 2.40 g/liter +/- 0.80). In 10 of the 12 patients, IgA was the only immunoglobulin increased. There was no evidence of activation of complement in serum or synovial fluid. Using a complement-dependent assay, we were unable to demonstrate circulating IgA immune complexes. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis was used to assess IgA immune complexes in a non-complement-dependent manner. IgA of 11s was in fact demonstrated by this technique but appeared to be polymeric IgA on the basis of specific binding of secretory component and resistance to acid dissociation. IgA rheumatoid factor was not present. Synovial fluid revealed levels of polymeric IgA higher (mean 56.7% +/- 12.9) than did serum (23.7% +/- 13.9, P less than 0.001) despite higher levels of total IgA in serum than in synovial fluid (synovial fluid:serum ratio of IgA, mean 0.53 +/- 0.11). Although elevation in serum IgA in postdysenteric arthropathies suggests mucosal acquisition of antigen, the study does not implicate IgA circulating immune complexes in the pathogenesis of these diseases. PMID- 3494557 TI - Allogeneic fibroblasts and endothelial cells support mitogen but not antigen responses of tetanus-responsive T-cell lines. AB - Recent studies suggest a role for endothelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) in performing certain accessory functions of monocytes in immune responses. We examined the ability of allogeneic adherent cells (AC), umbilical vein EC, and foreskin FB to support antigen and mitogen responses of tetanus toxoid-responsive human T-cell lines (TCTet). Syngeneic AC supported antigen and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, PHA and PWM) responses of TCTet. Allogeneic AC, EC, and FB supported mitogen but not antigen responses of TCTet, in a dose-dependent manner. PHA-activated mononuclear cell supernates or EC or FB supernates could not replace accessory cells in mitogen responses. We provide further evidence that EC and FB can function as fully competent accessory cells, a function that may be of significance in in vivo initiation of immune responses. PMID- 3494558 TI - The effect of toluidine blue and methylene blue in immunochemical reactions in vitro. AB - Our observation that the effect of a patient's autoantibody with a potent antithrombin activity could be inhibited by toluidine blue and methylene blue led us to investigate the effect of these dyes in several immunochemical reactions in vitro. Both dyes reduced the titer or prevented the detection of IgG-specific single- and double-stranded DNA-binding antibodies and rheumatoid factors but did not reduce the titer of antinuclear factor and had no effect on detection of microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies. These dyes did not aggregate or precipitate the immunoglobulins and their inhibitory effect in serum could be removed by dialysis of serum. The possible mechanism of action of these dyes in immunochemical reactions is discussed. PMID- 3494559 TI - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced by retinal interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP): differences between EAU induced by IRBP and by S antigen. AB - Rats immunized with the retinal interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) develop an inflammatory eye disease, "experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis" (EAU). The ocular changes which characterize the EAU induced by IRBP resemble those seen in rats which develop EAU by immunization with another retinal protein, S-antigen (S-Ag). Yet, the two antigens do not cross-react antigenically and the two diseases differ by several features: At low doses (less than or equal to 4 micrograms/rat), IRBP was more uveitogenic in Lewis rats than was S-Ag, inducing disease more reproducibly and with earlier onset time. On the other hand, at higher doses (greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/rat) the disease induced by S-Ag was more severe than that induced by the same doses of IRBP. Rats of various inbred strains differed in their susceptibility to EAU induced by these two antigens. In particular, BN rats were more susceptible to IRBP-induced EAU than to the S-Ag-induced disease, while WF and RCS-rdy+ rats developed severe EAU when immunized with S-Ag but showed minimal or no ocular change when immunized with IRBP. PMID- 3494560 TI - Changes in erythromycin pharmacokinetics induced by renal failure. AB - As erythromycin ototoxicity appears to be favored by renal insufficiency, its pharmacokinetics were assessed in chronic uremic patients treated by maintenance hemodialysis in comparison with normal subjects. Two groups of 8 patients each were studied, the first one on an interdialytic day, the second immediately after the end of an hemodialysis session. All subjects ingested a single dose of 1 gram of erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Times of peak serum concentration and biological half-lifes were similar in patients and in controls. Maximum serum concentrations and areas under the serum concentration time-curve were higher in patients than in controls whereas apparent oral clearances were lower in the former. The differences between the two groups of patients were not significant. These pharmacokinetic changes are suggestive of an enhanced bioavailability of erythromycin in chronic renal failure which might predispose uremics to the ototoxicity of the drug. PMID- 3494561 TI - An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) evaluation format for assessment of artificial or autologous anterior cruciate reconstruction results. AB - The ACL evaluation format is a modification and extension of Marshall's approach to evaluation of ligamentous injuries of the knee, whereby functional and clinical improvement can be analyzed independently as well as cumulatively. There are three major parts entered on separate forms: history and surgery (Form 1); initial evaluation and follow-up (Form 2); and complications (Form 3). Form 1 has five sections: patient information (demography); history of injury; previous surgery; surgery performed; and postoperative course. Form 2 has six sections. These are the Lysholm knee function scoring scale, Tegner activity level rating scale, physical findings, complications, supplementary data, and Tegner activity level definitions. Form 2 records the preoperative and follow-up assessments for up to a five-year follow-up period. Form 2 can be used independently of the other forms. Form 3 elaborates in a detailed manner a complication occurrence. The format provides the evaluator with an easy to use, "computer/user friendly," method for the comprehensive assessment of artificial or autologous anterior cruciate reconstruction of the knee. The authors advocate the use of the ACL format as an international standard for data storage to facilitate comparison of results with accuracy and uniformity among investigation centers. PMID- 3494562 TI - The parameters influencing time of application of fissure sealants: etching time, type of polymerization, and experience. PMID- 3494563 TI - A clinical study of children comparing anticaries effect of two fluoride dentifrices. A 31-month study. PMID- 3494564 TI - Simplified maxillo-mandibular registrations. PMID- 3494565 TI - A profile of tobacco use by teenage boys. PMID- 3494566 TI - Comparison of the plaque-removing efficacy of four nonbrushing oral hygiene devices. PMID- 3494567 TI - Clinical ramifications of iodine. PMID- 3494568 TI - Hypertension in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3494569 TI - Cardiovascular effects and safety of intravenous and intramuscular pentamidine isethionate. AB - Intramuscular (im) pentamidine isethionate can cause substantial local pain and inflammation at the injection site. This drug is being used more frequently in recent years to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia, particularly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clinicians began administering it iv despite warnings that iv administration might cause severe hypotension. We investigated the safety of im and iv pentamidine, monitoring hemodynamics after each dose in 11 patients with intra-arterial lines. Results showed only a small (but statistically significant) fall in mean arterial pressure after both im and slow (60 min) iv administration. A concomitant decrease in pulse occurred, but no change in cardiac output, pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure or systemic vascular resistance was noted. These results suggest that it may be safe to infuse pentamidine slowly intravenously. This route is more comfortable to patients than im administration. PMID- 3494570 TI - Brainstem death with persistent EEG activity: evaluation by xenon-enhanced computed tomography. AB - A patient with brainstem infarction met the clinical criteria for brain death but had persistent EEG activity, complicating our decision to withdraw life support. We evaluated cerebral blood flow with xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe/CT), which documented the absence of posterior circulation flow and persistent, low, anterior circulation flow. This information led us to withdraw life support, despite the presence of EEG activity. The Xe/CT method noninvasively measures local cerebral blood flow and may enhance diagnostic certainty in complicated brain-death evaluations. PMID- 3494571 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of pelvic hemorrhage in obstetric and gynecologic patients. PMID- 3494572 TI - [Use and prescription of drugs by dentists]. PMID- 3494573 TI - [Immune response to antigenic factors invading the oral cavity]. PMID- 3494574 TI - [Special examination and management of oral conditions in acute leukemia in children]. PMID- 3494575 TI - [Clinical significance of plasma PABA determination as a pancreatic exocrine function test]. PMID- 3494576 TI - [Anti-centromere antibody (ACA) and its significance for the diagnosis of CREST syndrome]. PMID- 3494577 TI - [Clinical observation on the treatment of portal hypertension with esophageal varix hemorrhage by splenocaval shunt]. PMID- 3494578 TI - [Exclusion of the stomach in the treatment of postoperative recurrent hemorrhage due to portal hypertension]. PMID- 3494579 TI - [Portazygos disconnection and coronary venography in the treatment of massive hemorrhage from esophageal and gastric varices]. PMID- 3494580 TI - [Splenorenal shunt in bleeding gastroesophageal varices]. PMID- 3494581 TI - [A further evaluation of the prophylactic portosystemic shunt]. PMID- 3494582 TI - [Evaluation of the remote results of various procedures in the treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 3494583 TI - Gastric mucosal damage induced by combination of ethanol and lysophosphatidylcholine. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on the guinea pig stomach after dosing the animal with 20% ethanol by orogastric intubation. We studied four groups of animals; one control group received saline orogastrically followed by buffer and one test group received saline followed by buffer plus 1 mM lysophosphatidylcholine. Two other groups were challenged with 20% ethanol (5 ml) orogastrically followed by buffer or buffer plus 1 mM lysophosphatidylcholine. Compared to other groups, the stomachs of animals given ethanol followed by lysophosphatidylcholine displayed statistically significant increases in the number of gross hemorrhagic lesions, in back-diffusion of hydrogen ion, in net secretion of sodium ion, and in morphologic damage. Transmucosal potential differences in this group were also decreased. We conclude that 90 min after dosing with ethanol, the guinea pig stomach is more susceptible to damage by lysophosphatidylcholine. Our data further suggest that these agents cause mucosal damage by different mechanisms and that the combination acts synergistically. PMID- 3494584 TI - [Interpretation of the x-ray diffraction pattern of skeletal muscle at rest: a three-dimensional model of the myosin fiber]. PMID- 3494585 TI - [Biological activity of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 3494586 TI - [B-lymphocytes are required to mediate the effect of T-lymphocytes on hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 3494587 TI - Comparative in vitro studies on cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime. AB - After its parenteral administration in man, cefotaxime is partially metabolized to the desacetyl derivative (24-30% appearing in urine as desacetyl form). A detailed study was therefore carried out in vitro to compare the antibacterial activity against a wide range of clinical isolates and also the beta-lactamase stability of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime, as well as other third generation cephalosporins. The investigations of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity were, in addition, extended to representative ureido-penicillins, cefuroxime, aminoglycosides and second-generation quinolones. Although cefotaxime was generally 4 to 8 times more active than its desacetyl derivative, smaller differences were observed against some strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae and gonococci. A similar pattern was seen in relation to beta lactamase stability, the parent antibiotic being generally more resistant to hydrolysis. Cefotaxime was, overall, the most active of the beta-lactam agents, except against pseudomonads, staphylococci and enterococci. In general, the antibiotic possessed comparable in-vitro efficacy to that of gentamicin, netilmicin and ciprofloxacin. Studies of combinations of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were carried out by the checkerboard method on solid media and also using a killing curve system in liquid media. A useful degree of synergy was observed against the majority of test organisms. This valuable effect could enhance the activity of cefotaxime in vivo, despite partial desacetylation. PMID- 3494588 TI - Expression and some properties of beta-lactamase from Mycobacterium fortuitum. AB - Several species of mycobacteria have been reported to produce beta-lactamases, but only those of M. smegmatis have been purified and partially characterized. This study is a preliminary report of the presence of beta-lactamase activity in M. fortuitum, strain Cow 18. A partial purification of the beta-lactamase has also been achieved. M. fortuitum was grown in either Sauton or glucose-yeast extract medium (GYM) and sonicated cells or culture filtrates were assessed for the presence of beta-lactamase activity using a chromogenic compound (PADAC) as substrate. Cells growing in GYM medium released a detectable amount of enzyme, whereas microorganisms showed only intracellular beta-lactamase activity. The enzyme present in the culture filtrate of M. fortuitum Cow 18 was concentrated by Amicon ultrafiltration and partially purified through Sephadex G-75 and QAE Sephadex A-50 ion exchanger columns. The spectrum of activity of this enzyme included some cephalosporins (cephaloridine, cephalothin) and some penicillins, the hydrolysis of the former being generally more pronounced. Furthermore, cefoxitin, ceftazidime and cefotaxime were not hydrolysed. PMID- 3494589 TI - [Legal medical aspects of the use of unconventional treatment methods]. PMID- 3494590 TI - Granulosa cells in culture are able to produce luteinization stimulatory factor. AB - The ability of porcine granulosa cells to release luteinization stimulator (LS) activity was studied in vitro. Granulosa cells were isolated from either small or large antral follicles of adult female pigs and were kept in culture for 1 to 5 days. The amount of LS activity in spent granulosa cell conditioned media (GCCM) was assayed in 4 days culture of small granulosa cells by the estimation of progesterone release and LH/hCC receptor induction. Granulosa cells isolated from large porcine follicles showed increased ability to release stimulatory activity in comparison with granulosa cells isolated from small follicles. The amount of LS activity did not differ markedly from day 1 to day 5 of culture and was dependent on the concentration of cultured granulosa cells. The addition of extracts prepared from granulosa cells isolated from large follicles led to a dose-related stimulation of progesterone release. However, the release of progesterone was stimulated only by low concentrations of granulosa cells extracts obtained from small porcine follicles. It is concluded that granulosa cells collected from porcine follicles possessed and retained the capacity to produce and release luteinization stimulator activity under in vitro conditions. PMID- 3494591 TI - Immunoglobulin IgG detected by ELISA in bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid, a non-vascular holocrine secretion of intermediate lobe cells. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of immunoglobulin G in bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid (IGC). Intraglandular colloid, housed in the intraglandular lumen (residual lumen), is the holocrine secretion of the marginal layers of intermediate lobe (IL) cells. Immunoglobulin G was detected and quantitated in bovine IGC using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This study establishes the presence of immunoglobulin G in the intraglandular colloid at levels that are of the order of 10 micrograms per mg of colloid. The existence of this molecule in material scrupulously prepared to exclude the possibility of serum contamination in this normally avascular compartment is a unique phenomenon. PMID- 3494592 TI - Effect of low calcium and low phosphorus diets on duodenal and ileal absorption of phosphate in chick. AB - The duodenal and ileal absorption of 32P was studied by an in vivo method in control chicks and in chicks fed for 2 weeks a diet deficient in calcium or phosphorus. The results showed a highly significant increase in duodenal and ileal phosphate absorption in chicks fed a low calcium diet and a smaller, though also significant increase in duodenal but not ileal phosphate absorption in chicks fed a low phosphorus diet. The adaptation phenomenon concerning intestinal phosphorus absorption is presumably due in part to a compensatory increase in 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in both deficient diets. However, much higher renal l hydroxylase activity was found in chicks fed the low calcium diet than in chicks fed the low phosphorus diet. The results indicate that duodenal and ileal absorption of phosphate is a vitamin D mediated process, but the adaptation to a low phosphorus diet tends to be less efficient than that to a low calcium diet, especially in the ileum. PMID- 3494594 TI - Bone and serum concentrations of osteocalcin as a function of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 circulating levels in bone disorders in rats. AB - Osteocalcin, the vitamin K-dependent protein in bone containing gamma carboxyglutamic acid, has been found to be significantly decreased in the osteomalacic bone of chicks made vitamin D deficient for 6 weeks. To evaluate whether this decrease in bone osteocalcin was due directly to the decrease or absence of vitamin D and its metabolites or to the secondary hypocalcemia and osteomalacia or other changes accompanying the deficiency of vitamin D, three experimental groups of Holtzman rats were studied. One group was made rachitic by a diet deficient in vitamin D, and the other groups were made rachitic by diets deficient in inorganic orthophosphate or calcium. The changes in bone and serum osteocalcin, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], and bone mineral content were evaluated, and morphological evaluation of bone was made. In the vitamin D-deficient animals, osteomalacia was evident histologically by 7 weeks, at which time serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 was not detectable, bone osteocalcin was decreased by 50%, and serum osteocalcin was decreased by 20%. In the animals fed a diet deficient in either calcium or inorganic orthophosphate but which were not depleted of vitamin D, the osteocalcin content of osteomalcic bone was normal, and an increase in the concentration of serum osteocalcin accompanied an increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D3. These data are consistent with the conclusion that the metabolism of osteocalcin is affected by serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 and that the diminished level of osteocalcin in the bone of vitamin D-deficient animals is the result of a direct action of the metabolites and is not secondary to a decrease in the mineralization of bone tissue. PMID- 3494593 TI - Opposite effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on placental and ovarian synthesis of androstenedione. AB - In the present studies, we have investigated the role of human chorionic gonadotropin on the biosynthesis of androgens by placentas and corpora lutea of the pregnant rat. We first sought to compare the effect of hCG on placental and ovarian secretion of androstenedione in vivo. For this purpose either 1.5 IU hCG or vehicle was administered to pregnant rats twice on days 12 and 13 and once on the morning of day 14. Blood was obtained from either the ovarian or the uterine vein. After hCG administration, levels of androstenedione secreted in the ovarian vein increased dramatically, whereas those in the uterine vein declined significantly. To establish that changes in androgen levels in the uterine and ovarian veins are due to changes in biosynthetic activity and also to compare the action of hCG on placentas and corpora lutea, tissues were dissected out from rats treated with 0, 1.5, or 9 IU hCG twice daily and incubated in vitro. hCG administration increased the capacity of luteal cells to synthesize androstenedione de novo by approximately 100% and concomitantly decreased placental secretion of androstenedione by approximately 75%. Addition of high density lipoprotein to the medium enhanced both basal and hCG-stimulated androstenedione production by luteal tissues but had no effect on either basal or hCG-inhibited androstenedione biosynthesis by the placenta. To determine which step in the placental biosynthesis of androstenedione is inhibited by increased levels of LH, we determined the effect of hCG administration, on cholesterol biosynthesis and storage, synthesis of progesterone substrate, and the activities of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase. hCG did not affect the activities of the rate limiting cholesterogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, placental content of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, or the placental production of progesterone. However, hCG did cause a substantial decrease in the activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase enzyme(s); responsible for the conversion of progesterone to androgen. In summary, results of the present investigation demonstrate that increases in LH activity in the circulation act on two different steroidogenic glands to either enhance or reduce androgen biosynthesis. hCG stimulates luteal secretion of androstenedione and simultaneously inhibits placental production of this steroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3494595 TI - Vasopressin-containing and vasopressin-deficient subpopulations of corticotropin releasing factor axons are differentially affected by adrenalectomy. AB - CRF-containing parvocellular axons in the external zone of the rat median eminence were classified as vasopressin-containing (CRF+/AVP+) and vasopressin deficient (CRF+/AVP-) subpopulations based on post-embedding electron microscopic immunocytochemical staining of serial ultrathin sections for CRF, AVP and the other peptides derived from the AVP precursor: AVP-associated neurophysin (NP AVP) and the C-terminal glycopeptide (GP). In normal animals, the CRF+/AVP+ and CRF+/AVP- subpopulations were approximately equal in terms of detectable axonal swellings. Three to 14 days after adrenalectomy (ADX), the CRF+/AVP+ and CRF+/AVP subpopulations represented about 95% and 5%, respectively, of total CRF+ swellings. This change was due to a 90% decrease in the absolute number of detectable CRF+/AVP- swellings after ADX, whereas the absolute number of detectable CRF+/AVP+ swellings rose by less than 20%. These changes were completely blocked by administering the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone throughout the period after ADX. The results suggest that the CRF+/AVP+ and CRF+/AVP- subpopulations of neurosecretory axons in the external zone of the median eminence respond differently to ADX, indicating that they are independently regulated by glucocorticoids. PMID- 3494596 TI - Co-purification of transforming growth factor beta-like activity with PTH-like and bone-resorbing activities from a tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. AB - Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is caused by a circulating bone resorbing factor or factors. Suggestions as to the nature of this factor include PTH-like proteins, transforming growth factors, and bone-resorbing factors distinct from either of the first two classes of polypeptides. We investigated the occurrence of these three activities in a highly purified extract of the H 500 Leydig cell tumor which causes HHM when implanted into Fisher rats. PTH-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity (ACSA) was extracted from tumor tissue by sequential treatment with urea/HCl and ethanol/NaCl. Tumor extract was further purified by hydrophobic-interaction, gel-filtration, and reverse-phase HPLC steps to a specific activity of 1038 ng eq bPTH(1-34)/mg protein. Only the fraction pool containing ACSA demonstrated significant bone-resorbing (1.78-fold over basal) and transforming growth factor activity (epidermal growth factor (EGF) dependent colony formation in soft agar suspension by NRK-49F indicator cells). A subsequent reverse-phase HPLC step produced material which contained both ACSA and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)-like activity in a single fraction. Whether the responsible mediator in this animal model has TGF beta-like properties as well as PTH-like and bone-resorbing activity remains to be determined. PMID- 3494597 TI - Effect of calcium on adenylate cyclase of rat anterior pituitary gland. AB - The effect of free calcium (Ca2+) on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity of rat anterior pituitary gland have been investigated in order to shed some light on the interrelationships between the two second messengers (cAMP and calcium) which operate in pituitary cells. Anterior pituitary homogenates or crude membranes preparations (obtained using buffers free of divalent cation chelators) were assayed and the concentrations of Ca2+ in the assay mixture containing EGTA were calculated by a computer program for each addition of CaCl2. A wide range of Ca2+ concentrations (from 2 X 10(-9) to 6 X 10(-4)M) was spanned. Ca2+ was found to markedly inhibit pituitary AC and the mathematical analysis of data indicated the presence of two inhibition The two KiS were: 1.78 +/- 0.48 X 10(-7) M and 2.47 +/ 0.52 X 10(-4) M for the homogenates and 1.71 +/- 0.45 X 10(-7) M and 3.15 +/- 0.85 X 10(-4) M for the membrane preparations. No stimulation of the enzyme could be detected at any Ca2+ concentration tested. Furthermore, because of our experimental conditions it is unlikely that there was substantial loss of endogenous calmodulin, or other calcium binding protein(s) required to mediate AC stimulation by calcium. The lack of a calcium-calmodulin stimulation of pituitary AC was confirmed by experiments with anticalmodulin drugs (trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, R24571) and experiments with EGTA-washed membranes in the presence of exogenous calmodulin. At any Ca2+ concentration, the same AC activity was observed in the presence and in the absence of anticalmodulin drugs or added calmodulin. The mechanism of pituitary AC inhibition by Ca2+ was investigated focusing on a range of Ca2+ concentrations near the Ki for the high affinity calcium site and thus similar to the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Ca2+ was found to act as a competitive inhibitor of the Mg2+ activation of AC and as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to the MgATP2-, the substrate of the enzyme. The effects of Ca2+ on AC were also studied in cell populations and tissues extremely rich in PRL-secreting cells (cell fractions purified from rat anterior pituitaries and human prolactinomas). The pattern of Ca2+ action was found to be nearly superimposable on that observed in total pituitary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3494598 TI - Blood loss during endodontic surgery. PMID- 3494599 TI - Induction of metallothionein synthesis in human peripheral blood leukocytes. AB - Metallothionein (MT), a low molecular weight, metal-binding protein, has recently been shown to protect murine mononuclear phagocytic cells from the cytotoxic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the endotoxic component of Enterobacteriaceae. MT appears to function intracellularly as an antioxidant since autolysis results from lipid peroxidation initiated by free radicals of O2. Since this activity is distinct from MT's capacity to specifically sequestrate heavy metals, we examined whether MT synthesis can be induced by direct membrane activation or through interaction with soluble leukocyte mediators. Normal human monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and lymphocytes, isolated from heparinized whole blood, were incubated with and without LPS from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhosa. MT in cell lysates was quantitated using a 203Hg binding assay employing Sephadex G-10 "minicolumns." When incubated with monocytes, PMN, or lymphocytes, neither preparation of LPS (10-100 micrograms/ml) was capable of enhancing 203Hg-binding activity after 24 or 72 hr incubation. CdCl2 (2 micrograms/ml), however, increased binding activity in monocyte and lymphocyte cultures 4- and 15-fold, respectively. When monocytes and lymphocytes were cocultured with LPS, 203Hg-binding activity was not enhanced. Addition of human interleukin 1 (endogenous pyrogen) to these cultures had no significant effect. Leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), a product of LPS-activated PMN that possesses hypozincemic activity in vivo, did not induce MT synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that leukocyte MT does not arise from direct LPS activation or from interaction with products secreted by LPS-activated cells. De novo synthesis of MT observed during endotoxemia and gram negative sepsis appears, therefore, to be induced by endogenously released corticosteroids. PMID- 3494600 TI - Equine periodic ophthalmia: a continuing aetiological riddle. PMID- 3494601 TI - In vitro activity of BMY 28100, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - BMY 28100, a new oral cephalosporin, demonstrated good in vitro activity against common gram-positive and gram-negative respiratory and urinary tract pathogens. Its activity was shown by microdilution techniques to be generally higher than those of ampicillin, cephalothin and cephalexin, but comparable to those of cefaclor and, except for Haemophilus spp. and Branhamella spp., to amoxicillin/clavulanate. PMID- 3494602 TI - Liver abscess due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A case of liver abscess due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in a 70 year old man is described. The patient responded to cefotaxime. This represents the first such case reported. PMID- 3494603 TI - Kinetics of epidermal growth factor binding and processing in isolated intact rat hepatocytes. Dynamic externalization of receptors during ligand internalization. AB - The kinetics of binding and processing of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. After isolation the hepatocytes had a nonhomogeneous population of surface EGF receptors consisting of approximately 9000 high-affinity sites (Kd 21 pM) and 165,000 low-affinity sites (Kd 0.62 nM). Incubation at 37 degrees C (45 min) increased the number of surface receptors per cell to about 260,000. This increase was selective for the low-affinity receptors and was cycloheximide-sensitive. During 5 h of incubation at 37 degrees C the hepatocytes internalized 6-7-times more EGF molecules than the number of cell surface receptors, based on clearance measurements. The uptake was unaffected by cycloheximide. Concomitant estimation, using acid/salt elution, of surface-bound EGF and internalized EGF showed that the number of internalized EGF molecules exceeded the decrease in surface-binding 6 times. The ratio between internalized EGF and the decrease in surface binding was temperature-dependent, being reduced to a one-to-one stoichiometry at 10 degrees C. After down-regulation (approximately equal to 75%) induced by 5 nM unlabeled EGF the surface EGF receptors did not recover during subsequent incubation (2 h) at 37 degrees C. However, the remaining surface receptors internalized EGF in ninefold excess of their number. The large discrepancy between internalization capacity and cell surface binding capacity was also found in the presence of cycloheximide. The results support the idea that internalized EGF receptors are partly replaced by externalization of preformed intracellular receptors during EGF uptake in isolated hepatocytes, involving recycling of a small population of EGF receptors and/or recruitment of unexposed, pre-existing receptors. PMID- 3494604 TI - Estrogen stimulates growth of mammary tumor cells ZR-75 without activation of S6 kinase and S6 phosphorylation. Difference from epidermal growth factor and alpha transforming growth-factor-induced proliferation. AB - Growth of the human mammary tumor cell line ZR-75-1 is stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and alpha-type transforming growth factor (alpha TGF), as well as by estradiol (E2). The role of activation of S6 kinase and S6 phosphorylation in the EGF(alpha TGF)-induced and E2-induced growth was investigated. Maximal effects on growth are observed at 10 nM EGF or alpha TGF. EGF as well as alpha TGF treatment of serum-starved cells leads to rapid activation of S6 kinase; the activity is increased about tenfold after 30 min of EGF treatment and declines with the time reaching about 25% of the maximal activity after 2 h of EGF treatment. Similar to the growth response, S6 kinase is activated at lower doses of EGF than alpha TGF and shows a maximal response at 10 nM for both growth factors. In contrast to this finding the incubation of serum starved cells with E2 over a concentration range between 1 pM and 10 nM and times from 30 min to 4 h does not lead to increased S6 kinase activity. On investigating whether this lack of response to E2 is due to desensitization of the system by induction of alpha TGF it was found that preincubation of cells with alpha TGF for 2-6 h desensitizes them to reactivation of S6 kinase by alpha TGF, whereas preincubation with E2 does not. When S6 phosphorylation is monitored over times from 1 h to 6 h, it is observed that EGF leads to increased S6 phosphorylation, whereas E2 does not. The rate of onset of protein synthesis in the first 2 h of stimulation, when EGF-induced S6 phosphorylation is maximal, is more rapid with EGF than with E2. The results suggest that different pathway are involved in E2-induced and EGF(alpha TGF)-induced proliferation. PMID- 3494605 TI - The chromosomal gene structure for murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. AB - The chromosomal gene for murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been isolated from a mouse genomic library. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene and its flanking region has revealed that the murine G-CSF gene is composed of four introns and five exons, which is similar to the human G-CSF gene. The S1 mapping analysis of murine G-CSF mRNA has identified the major transcription initiation site for the murine G-CSF gene at 36 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation codon. In the flanking region, there are sequences of about 300 base pairs which are highly conserved between human and murine G-CSF genes. The decanucleotide GAGRTTCCAC, which was found at the 5'-flanking region of genes for other hemopoietic growth factors, was also present within the corresponding regions of human and murine G-CSF gene. Unlike the human G-CSF gene, no alternative splicing was observed for the murine G-CSF gene. PMID- 3494606 TI - Angiographic morphology and intraluminal coronary artery thrombus in patients with angina pectoris: clinical correlations. AB - A prospective study was conducted in 104 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for the evaluation of angina pectoris. 50 patients experienced unstable symptoms, while the rest of them were stable. Coronary lesions reducing the luminal diameter by at least 50% were compared between both groups according to localization, grade, length, type and collateralization. Eccentric irregular lesions (EIL) appeared more frequently in the unstable group of patients (27% vs 3%, P less than 0.01), while the incidence of concentric lesions was higher in stable group (45% vs 26%, P less than 0.02). There was no significant difference in localization, grade, length, or collateralization. EIL were most frequently identified as spontaneous AP producing lesions (55%, P less than 0.001) in 29 patients in the unstable group. Spontaneous angina was associated in 86% with EIL, occlusions, or filling defects--all of these lesions might contain occlusive or nonocclusive thrombi. EIL with a narrow neck appeared on angiograms earlier than EIL with a wall irregularity. We conclude that EIL is a sensitive and very specific angiographic marker of unstable AP. The morphologic details of EIL may help one to choose appropriate therapy. PMID- 3494607 TI - Dose related coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of intravenous bepridil in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The acute coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of intravenous bepridil were investigated in 27 patients with coronary artery disease; 13 (group 1) received 2 mg kg-1 and 14 (group 2) 4 mg kg-1 over 5 min. An immediate systemic and coronary vasodilation occurred in both groups during and immediately after the infusion. Changes were dose-related with a maximal decrease in left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure of 11% (group 1) and 18% (group 2), in mean aortic pressure of 11% (group 1) and 19% (group 2), and in coronary resistance of 23% (group 1) and 41% (group 2). Coronary flow increased by 17% (group 1) and 47% (group 2) (all changes significantly different from control (C) values and between groups). Cardiac output, measured immediately after bepridil, was unaltered, although in group 2 stroke volume index increased (14%) and systemic resistance decreased (16%), both P less than 0.05 vs C. In group 2, heart rate (HR) and contractility initially increased (8% and 10%, respectively, P less than 0.05 vs C), secondary to the greater fall in afterload, followed by a significant reduction at 5 and 10 min after bepridil (9% and 10%, respectively), accompanied by a 36% increase in LV enddiastolic pressure (P less than 0.05 vs C). No such changes were observed in group 1, apart from a simultaneous decrease in HR (9%, P less than 0.05 vs C). Thus, in humans, a dose-related, biphasic haemodynamic pattern is observed with intravenous bepridil, consisting of an acute, short-lasting vasodilation, followed by late negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, which, with longterm bepridil administration, may be beneficial during myocardial ischaemic. PMID- 3494608 TI - Initial experience with SPECT of the brain using 99mTc-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HM-PAO). AB - A recently developed 99mTc radiocompound, hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc HM-PAO) exhibits favorable properties for regional cerebral tomograms in man utilizing conventional instrumentation (SPECT). Planar and tomographic studies using a rotating gamma camera equipped with a high sensitivity, low energy, collimator were performed in 5 normal subjects and 20 patients suffering from different cerebral diseases. SPECT abnormalities observed in patients with CVD, brain tumors and hydrocephalus were compared with results from X-ray CT. Our preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing regional brain perfusion using SPECT and a 99mTc radiopharmaceutical which is lipid soluble and has a high extraction fraction in the brain. PMID- 3494609 TI - Hepatic vein dilatation as seen on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the liver. AB - An area of photon deficiency in both planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of the liver using 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid was found to be due to a dilated hepatic vein. PMID- 3494610 TI - Epidemiology of urinary tract infections. PMID- 3494611 TI - Sequences and repertoire of the human T cell receptor alpha and beta chain variable region genes in thymocytes. AB - To compare and contrast the human T cell antigen receptor (TcR) alpha and beta chain messages found in human thymocytes to those previously isolated from human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and other nonthymic sources, 13 TcR alpha and 13 TcR beta cDNA were isolated from a human thymocyte library and the nucleotide sequences were determined. The data indicate that, as was found in the peripheral T lymphocytes, the majority of the TcR alpha and TcR beta chain thymocyte cDNA were derived from potentially functional messages. Although the thymocyte-derived TcR cDNA do not contain any unique structural features when compared to TcR cDNA from mature T lymphocytes, 4 new J alpha segments, 17 new V-gene segments (9 V alpha; 8 V beta) and 7 additional V-gene families (4 V alpha and 3 V beta) and sequences had been identified. The exon C beta O, found in many murine thymocyte TcR beta messages, was not found in over 75 human beta chain messages. Based on these new data, a revised estimate of human TcR V alpha, J alpha and V beta repertoires is calculated. The most significant change has been the increase in the estimated number of human TcR V beta-gene segments to a total of about 100 distributed among about 18 families. The V alpha families are now revised upward to 16, with a total number of V alpha segments of 50. The estimate of the J alpha segments in humans remains between 50-100. PMID- 3494612 TI - High efficiency antigen presentation by thyroglobulin-primed murine splenic B cells. AB - B cells primed in vivo with mouse or rat thyroglobulin present these antigens at very low concentrations to CH9, an Ly 1+2- T cell hybridoma specific for mouse and rat thyroglobulin. Presentation measured by interleukin 2 release from CH9 is sensitive to treatment with a monoclonal antibody eliminating splenic B cells but is unaffected by anti-Thy-1.2 or 33D1 (which destroy T cells and dendritic cells, respectively). Presentation is specific for the priming antigen and is blocked by preincubation of the B cells with sheep anti-mouse F(ab')2. We suggest that in this system, primed B cells present thyroglobulin and that this may represent a means by which an initial triggering event priming both B and T cells could allow maintenance of autoreactive responses in vivo in the presence of low concentrations of circulating antigen. PMID- 3494613 TI - Identification of a uveitogenic cyanogen bromide peptide of bovine retinal S antigen and preparation of a uveitogenic, peptide-specific T cell line. AB - Peptide fragments of bovine retinal S-antigen produced by cyanogen bromide (CB) digestion have been purified and tested for their ability to induce experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and pinealitis (EAP) in Lewis rats. Following immunization with the various peptides in complete Freund's adjuvant, one of the peptides, CB123, was found to be potently uveitogenic. A CB123-specific, class II restricted T helper lymphocyte line (R208) prepared from one of the CB123 peptide immunized animals by repeated in vitro selection with purified CB123 was able to transfer severe EAU and EAP to naive rats. Peptides CB36, CB46, CB51 and CB66 were immunogenic as assessed by the presence of antibodies detected in the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and sensitized lymphocytes found in [3H]thymidine incorporation assays using lymphocytes from the peptide-immunized rats, but they did not induce significant EAU or EAP. Antibodies induced by immunization with the peptides also bound intact S-antigen, unlike the lymphocytes which were only weakly responsive to S-antigen. Cross-reactivity of antibodies and lymphocytes from CB51 and CB66 immune animals suggested that these peptides overlap and contain a common epitope. No measurable immunity to any CB peptide or intact S antigen was found in the animals immunized with peptide CB26. Although a T cell line (R17) raised to human S-antigen was also able to transfer EAU, it was weakly responsive to the CB123 peptide; also, the R208 line did not respond well to human S-antigen. Since both human and bovine S-antigen are uveitogenic, these results suggest that the uveitogenic epitope in CB123, which is of bovine origin, is not the same as the uveitogenic epitope of the human antigen. PMID- 3494614 TI - Targeting cytotoxic T cells to antigen-specific B lymphocytes. AB - A recent development in immunomanipulation involves the targeting of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to cell-bound antigens using bispecific antibodies. These antibodies have been engineered such that specificity is directed against the T cell receptor (TCR) or TCR-associated T3 molecules, as well as against the chosen antigen. The present study was aimed to force interactions between T and B cells by bridging their receptors. F23.1 antibodies, which are specific for gene products of the TCR V beta 8 gene family, were conjugated with TNP (2,4,6 trinitrophenyl) and this construct was used to bridge the receptors of V beta 8+ T cells with the receptors of TNP-specific B cells. The bridging was demonstrated by direct killing of both a TNP-specific B hybridoma and of blast cells from mice transgenic for mu, kappa of the TNP-specific antibody Sp6. Further, F23.1-TNP constructs in conjunction with V beta 8+ CTL were shown to specifically deplete Ig-secreting B cells from Sp6 transgenic mice. Conjugates of TCR-specific antibodies and antigen are theoretically useful in vivo to either deplete or expand B cells of a given specificity by coupling their receptors to the TCR of CTL or T helper cells, respectively. PMID- 3494615 TI - Mouse fibroblasts that express a cloned gene for the human transferrin receptor induce a specific cytolytic T cell response. AB - From CBA mice immunized with mouse L cells that express a cloned gene for the human transferrin receptor (hTR) we have isolated cytolytic T cells (CTL). The CTL were Lyt-2+/L3T4- and lysed L cell transfectant clones that expressed the hTR gene but not control untransfected L cells or transfectants selected for the expression of an unrelated human cell surface antigen, 4F2. Lysis of independent hTR transfectant clones correlated with the relative level of receptor expression. The availability of CTL directed against a non-major histocompatibility complex-controlled cellular protein-like hTR may provide an interesting model system for studying antigen processing and recognition. PMID- 3494616 TI - Induction of an auto-anti-IgE response in rats. II. Effects on mast cell populations. AB - Immunization of rats with purified rat IgE myeloma (IR2) induces an IgG class autoantibody directed specifically against the IgE isotype. This has variable stimulatory effects on the serum IgE concentration in high IgE-producing BN rats but significantly decreases the serum IgE concentration in the conventional PVG.RT1u strain. We have examined the effects of inducing such an auto-anti epsilon response on mast cell populations, as defined by their staining characteristics in BN rats. A persistent anti-epsilon response changed the proportions of mast cell types. Those containing highly sulfated, Safranin positive granules which equate with cells described as connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) were reduced in number in skin, tongue and bone marrow, whereas the less highly sulfated, Alcian Blue-positive mast cells were increased in number in these tissues as well as in the gut, a site rich in the so-called mucosal mast cell. The overall number of mast cells in nonmucosal sites was not significantly changed in anti-IgE-producing rats. The direct effects of anti-epsilon antiserum on mast cells in vivo were investigated using an immediate skin response (ISR) technique. The IgG component of serum from IR2-immunized rats, fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography or eluted from Sepharose 4B-coupled IR2, gave positive ISR in naive rats. The ISR was inhibited by prior incubation of immuno-purified rat anti-IR2 with solid-phase IR2 or with two unrelated IgE myeloma proteins but not with rat IgG. Histological examination confirmed that degranulation of CTMC had occurred at the ISR sites. PMID- 3494617 TI - In vitro studies on human IgD. I. Sources and characteristics of "externalized" IgD in tonsil lymphocyte cultures. AB - As part of a broader analysis into the function of IgD, and especially into the role of human IgD-secreting cells, fresh human tonsil lymphocyte cultures were analyzed. The goals were to define the origins of "externalized" supernatant IgD and to examine its relationship to spontaneous Ig secretion of IgG, IgM and IgA. Assayable IgD was found by 24 h in cultures without added mitogens. "Externalized" IgD comprised a small fraction (1.6-1.8%) of supernatant Ig when compared to the fraction of IgD-containing cells (congruent to 10%): IgD appears to disappear rapidly in vitro. Initial experiments employing irradiation and chemical inhibitors of protein synthesis suggested that "externalized" IgD was produced de novo during culture rather than representing preformed or cytophilic Ig. Most significantly, tonsil cultures with higher IgD values (greater than 20 ng IgD/10(6) cells, day 7) showed convincing evidence that secreted IgD was a major source for "externalized" IgD. This evidence included the amount of "externalized" IgD depended on viable culture conditions; radioincorporated 35S appeared as a visible IgD band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels; "higher" IgD cultures showed increased numbers of IgD-Ig-containing plasma cells, and IgD, lambda in excess of IgD, kappa; both events are associated with IgD secretion. In cultures producing high amounts of IgD, IgD secretion appeared to be spontaneous rather than induced and was independent of the polyclonal spontaneous Ig secretion of other Ig isotypes. Low titers of inhibitable IgD isotype anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies but not IgD isotype anti-polyribotol phosphate antibodies were present in tonsil supernatants: both were present in matched sera. Other laboratories have directed attention to the striking and possibly selective participation of human tonsil lymphocytes in IgD synthesis using other approaches. Present results supplement and expand earlier data and support the practical value of analysis of short-term cultured tonsil lymphocytes. Differentiation to IgD-secreting cells is suggested to be an active, underestimated and putatively an important part of the immune response in the human tonsil. PMID- 3494618 TI - Hybrid antibody-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells. AB - Previously, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) had only been focused by hybrid antibodies to normal, cell-surface proteins and haptenated surface structures. In this report, we extend the application of this technology to mediate lysing of virus-infected cells by nonspecific CTL. Heteroconjugated antibodies between the anti-T cell antigen receptor antibody, F23.1, and monoclonal antibodies against either the hemagglutinin or nucleoprotein of the influenza virus PR/8 were constructed. We show in the present report that these bispecific constructs can target virus-infected cells for lysis according to the specificity of the virus protein reactive monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, even a virus protein that is only expressed in small quantities on the cell surface, such as nucleoprotein, can be exploited as target structure for heteroconjugated antibodies. These studies show that hybrid antibodies can focus a CTL response on virus-infected cells which might in the future be used to mount an immune response in situations without sufficient normal cellular defense. PMID- 3494619 TI - A T cell clone which responds to interleukin 2 but not to interleukin 4. AB - The T cell clone CSP 2.1 is stimulated into proliferation by interleukin (IL) 2 but not IL 4, whereas many T cells respond to both. This clone is therefore suitable for the identification and quantification of IL 2 in the presence of IL 4. PMID- 3494620 TI - D-1 dopamine receptor stimulation enables the inhibition of nucleus accumbens neurons by a D-2 receptor agonist. AB - Depletion of catecholamines by pretreatment with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine attenuated the ability of the selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole to inhibit rat nucleus accumbens neurons when applied directly by microiontophoresis. Concurrent iontophoretic administration of the D-1 selective agonist SKF 38393, at currents which alone produced little inhibition, reinstated the inhibitory effect of quinpirole. These findings suggest that D-1 receptor stimulation may play a necessary 'enabling' role for D-2 receptor-mediated functional responses. PMID- 3494621 TI - Binding of [125I]Tyr-corticotropin-releasing factor to rabbit aorta is reduced by removal of the endothelium. PMID- 3494622 TI - Bombesin induces c-fos and c-myc expression in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells. Comparative study with other mitogens. AB - We have studied the effect of the potent mitogen bombesin on the expression of c fos and c-myc genes in quiescent mouse fibroblasts. We have demonstrated that bombesin rapidly induces a transient expression of c-fos mRNA followed by a more protracted elevation in c-myc mRNA levels. The intensity of the induction of expression of both proto-oncogenes depended on the dose of bombesin used. Prolonged treatment of the cells with TPA, which causes a selective decrease in protein kinase C activity, partially inhibited the induction of c-fos and c-myc gene expression by bombesin, similar to what has been observed with PDGF. However, a dramatic inhibition of the mitogenic response to bombesin--but not to PDGF--was found in TPA-treated cells. In contrast, TPA-treated cells showed an increased response to EGF with regard to proto-oncogene expression. The role of protein kinase C and Ca2+-dependent pathways in proto-oncogene induction by bombesin is discussed. PMID- 3494623 TI - The selective activation of T8+ cells by neuraminidase and galactose oxidase is mediated by activated T4+ cells. AB - The response of highly enriched populations of human T8+ lymphocytes to the oxidative mitogenic enzymes neuraminidase (NA) and galactose oxidase (GO) was enhanced by NAGO-primed T4+ lymphocytes. No similar enhancement occurred when the cells were primed with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In the absence of subclass contamination (1%), the T8+ and T4+ cells responded equally to NAGO by the criterion of DNA replication. The addition of a small number, 2-10%, of NAGO-T4+ cells to the NAGO-T8+ cells enhanced DNA synthesis by as much as 8.5-fold. Augmentation of the cellular response did not occur unless the T4+ cells were activated by NAGO. The converse situation, 2-10% of NAGO-T8+ cells in a primarily NAGO-T4+ cell population, did not increase the DNA synthetic response of the NAGO T4+ cells. The NAGO-T4+ cells did not augment the early event of increased phosphatidylinositol metabolism or the midcycle event of induction of receptors for interleukin 2 (IL2) and transferrin. The NAGO-T4+ cells therefore increased the probability that fully activated T8+ lymphocytes crossed the G1/S boundary. The basis for this effect was not an enhanced responsiveness of the NAGO-T8+ cells to IL2 or to other soluble growth mediators in medium conditioned by NAGO activated lymphocytes. The results of this investigation thus implicate a control point in the NAGO-T8+ lymphocyte cell cycle that is positively modulated by the NAGO-T4+ cells themselves or by a product of their activation. PMID- 3494624 TI - EGF raises cytosolic Ca2+ in A431 and Swiss 3T3 cells by a dual mechanism. Redistribution from intracellular stores and stimulated influx. AB - The changes in Ca2+ homeostasis and phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by EGF were studied in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells both when attached to a substratum and after detachment and suspension. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was measured by the conventional fluorimetric technique, using the specific probe, quin2, as well as by a new microscopic technique in which single cells are investigated after loading with another probe, fura-2. EGF applied in the complete, Ca2+-containing medium caused a rapid rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, that remained elevated for several minutes. In Ca2+-free, EGTA containing medium, part of this response persisted, as revealed by quin2 results in suspended cells and microscopic results with fura-2. The lack of Ca2+ rise seen in attached cells loaded with quin2 and treated with EGF in Ca2+-free medium was probably the result of a Ca2+ buffer artifact. Concomitantly to the Ca2+ signal, EGF induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, with stimulated accumulation of inositol 1,3,4,trisphosphate and -1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. These results, as well as additional microscopic fura-2 results in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, demonstrate that the Ca2+ signal elicited by EGF is due to two components: redistribution from an intracellular store (possibly mediated by generation of inositol trisphosphate) and stimulated influx across the plasmalemma. This latter process was not detected in 3T3 cells treated with either PDGF or bombesin (growth factors that cause much greater phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ redistribution responses than EGF). It is therefore suggested that the Ca2+ influx effect of EGF is under the control of a separate, as yet unidentified mechanism. PMID- 3494625 TI - Evidence for two distinct mechanisms in acute fatal graft-versus-host reaction across minor histocompatibility barriers. AB - The roles of Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ T cells in the mechanisms of minor histocompatibility graft-versus-host reaction (MiHL-GvHR), as well as the influence of the source tissues from which those T cells were drawn, have been examined. Using SJL/J recipients H-2 matched to B10.S donors, the responses obtained transplanting donor spleen cells alone, spleen cells mixed with marrow, or lymph nodes mixed with marrow, and treated with anti-Thy-1, anti-Lyt-1, and/or anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibodies (MABs) were compared. The results indicated that both Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ cells may contribute to MiHL-GvHR and that, at least in part, they may play separate roles. It was also found that when the T cells were derived from the spleen, as opposed to the lymph nodes, there were substantial differences between the observed GvHR survival patterns and in the relative influences of Lyt-1+ versus Lyt-2+ cells on the resultant survival. With the spleen transplant, the Lyt-1+ cells exerted a dominant influence, but with the lymph node transplant, the influence of Lyt-2+ cells was dominant. There was also evidence to suggest the possibility of a Lyt-1 helper-cell contribution to the MiHL-GvHR exhibited by this transplant combination. Finally, it was found that the relative influences of Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ cells on MiHL-GvHR were expressed at two distinctly places in the survival curves, the former being seen in the early phase of acute GvHR and the latter at a later phase of the acute response. PMID- 3494626 TI - Characterization of hemopoietic activities in media conditioned by a murine marrow-derived adherent cell line, B.Ad. AB - The hemopoietic activities present in medium conditioned by a murine bone marrow derived adherent cell line (B.Ad) have been studied. B.Ad-conditioned medium stimulated neutrophil, neutrophil-macrophage, and macrophage colonies in agar cultures of bone marrow cells and 90% of this activity was neutralized by antimacrophage colony-stimulating factor (anti-M-CSF). The conditioned medium supported the generation and/or maintenance of spleen colony-forming units (CFU S) in liquid cultures and synergized with multilineage colony-stimulating factor (Multi-CSF; IL-3) to stimulate colony formation by day-3 post-5-fluorouracil (FU) treated bone marrow cells. When used as feeder layers, B.Ad cells stimulated erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) and markedly enhanced erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) stimulation more than did maximal Multi-CSF (IL-3) and Epo stimulation. No CFU-E- or BFU-E-stimulating activities were detected in medium conditioned by B.Ad cells. Similarly, B.Ad-conditioned medium was unable to stimulate Multi-CSF (IL-3) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF-dependent cell lines. The data suggest that medium conditioned by this bone marrow-derived adherent cell line contains M-CSF and other factors not detectable as CSFs that either directly or by means of a synergistic mechanism are able to stimulate CFU S and colony-forming cells (CFC). PMID- 3494627 TI - Unexpectedly normal cilia and spermatozoa in an infertile man with Kartagener's syndrome. AB - We investigated a 28-year-old, infertile male patient with the characteristic clinical signs of Kartagener's syndrome (i.e. bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus). The patient had tried unsuccessfully for 3 years to become a father, and no cause of infertility was detected in his wife. The functional capacities tested in vitro of nasal and tracheal ciliated cells, spermatozoa and neutrophils were found to be normal. The tracheo-bronchial clearance was not impaired. The ultrastructure of ciliary and flagellar axonemes was normal. This case of Kartagener's syndrome without axonemal abnormalities raises the questions of the factors responsible, on the one hand, for the patient's organ asymmetry and respiratory tract diseases and, on the other hand, for the couple's infertility. PMID- 3494628 TI - Trichomonas species: homocysteine desulphurase and serine sulphydrase activities. AB - Homocysteine desulphurase (EC 4.4.1.2) and serine sulphydrase (EC 4.2.1.22) activities in various lines of Trichomonas vaginalis, both metronidazole resistant and sensitive, and other trichomonad species were assessed. T. vaginalis contained the highest homocysteine desulphurase and serine sulphydrase activities of all the species. Although the levels of the enzyme activity in T. vaginalis isolates differed, no correlation between the activities and sensitivity to metronidazole was apparent. T. vaginalis homocysteine desulphurase catalysed both the hydrolysis of homocysteine to hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, and 2-oxoacid, and an exchange reaction between homocysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol. Homocysteine desulphurase was detected as a single enzyme band on isoelectric focusing, whereas several isoenzymes of serine sulphydrase were found. There were large differences in serine sulphydrase isoenzyme patterns between T. vaginalis lines and between species. Several isoenzymes were amplified in cells grown with 10(-5) M DL-propargylglycine for 24 hr. T. vaginalis homocysteine desulphurase and serine sulphydrase activities were inhibited by bithionol, hexachlorophene, and dichlorophene. These compounds also inhibited growth in vitro of T. vaginalis at concentrations similar to those that inhibited the enzymes. PMID- 3494629 TI - Changes in pulse wave velocity with age in man: a longitudinal series over 20 years. AB - Measurements of pulse wave velocity (PWV) carried out systematically in the same 60 healthy individuals over 20 years confirmed that average PWV progressively increases with age, and more rapidly after age 45. The PWV increase mainly results from the decreased extensibility of the thoracic aorta in the aortic popliteat arterial system. This longitudinal study showed that PWVs of most individuals do not closely follow the average cross-sectional trend, but vary considerably in type. Therefore, PWV by itself is hardly a close correlate of an individual's physiological age or life expectancy. Individuals with a constantly high PWV or a late abrupt increase are exceptional; a possible relation to an increased mean arterial pressure and decreased arterial extensibility as in hypertonia is mentioned. PMID- 3494631 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation of some dihydropyran carboxylic acids]. AB - The synthesis of three new dihydropyran carboxylic acids has been performed by uncommon procedures: cyanosilylation, cyclisation of oxime. Their chemical structure was confirmed by I.R. and N.M.R. data. In a pharmacological evaluation they were found to possess significant effects on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and on the central nervous system; one of them showed an interesting antiallergic effect whilst another showed an interesting sedative effect. PMID- 3494630 TI - Tetanus intoxication causes an increment of serotonin in the central nervous system. AB - Mice injected with tetanus toxin (TTx) showed an increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) levels in the central nervous system. The increment was not uniform throughout the central nervous system. Particularly significant were the 25% and 80% increases observed, respectively, in whole brain and spinal cord. The levels of dopamine and norepinephrine remained unchanged. The subsequent studies of 5-HT turnover revealed a synthesis rate in the tetanic animals that was almost double that of controls. The degradation rate of the amine as well as the levels of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid were unaffected. PMID- 3494632 TI - Neuropharmacological profile of ketanserin. AB - Eegraphic, behavioural, autonomic changes were studied in rabbits, after intravenous (i.v.) administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ketanserin. The cerebral electrical activity on cortex and Cornu Ammonis dorsale (CAd) was evaluated by means of quantitative EEG analysis. The two drugs induced specific changes in all the parameters examined. L-5-HTP caused stereotyped movements typical of the serotoninergic syndrome and EEG "arousal" pattern. Ketanserin did not induce any behavioural change; quantitative EEG analysis showed an increase in those parameters typical of "slow sleep" pattern. The changes caused in guinea pigs by pretreatment with ketanserin, in the experimental model of myoclonus induced by L 5-HTP, were investigated. In the present study the possible mechanisms of action which subtend these results are discussed. PMID- 3494633 TI - Differentiation of creatine kinase MB and IgA-linked BB isoenzymes on electrophoresis. AB - IgA-linked creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) is a macro CK type 1 isoenzyme that has an identical electrophoretic mobility to CK-MB. Its presence has the potential of causing misdiagnosis of myocardial infarction. Mixing anti-CK-B antiserum with the sample prior to electrophoresis did not unequivocally distinguish between the two isoenzymes. Similarly, anti-human IgG and IgM antibodies were also ineffective. However, the IgA-linked isoenzyme band was removed by anti-human IgA antiserum. While anti-CK-M antibodies did not affect the electrophoretic mobility of IgA-linked CK-BB, the antibody eliminated both the CK-MB and CK-MM bands. Thus, specific anti-IgA and anti-CK-M antibodies may be used to establish the presence of the myocardial isoenzyme. PMID- 3494634 TI - Electrophysiological responses to bradykinin and microinjected inositol polyphosphates in neuroblastoma cells. Possible role of inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate in altering membrane potential. AB - Addition of bradykinin to mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells evokes a rapid but transient rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The [Ca2+]i rise is accompanied by a transient membrane hyperpolarization, due to a several-fold increase in K+ conductance, followed by a prolonged depolarizing phase. Pretreatment of the cells with a Ca2+-ionophore abolishes the hormone-induced hyperpolarization but leaves the depolarizing phase intact. The transient hyperpolarization can be mimicked by iontophoretic injection of IP3(1,4,5) or Ca2+, but not by injection of IP3(1,3,4), IP4(1,3,4,5) or Mg2+ into the cells. Instead, IP3(1,3,4) evokes a small but significant membrane depolarization in about 50% of the cells tested. Microinjected IP4(1,3,4,5) has no detectable effect, nor has treatment of the cells with phorbol esters. These results suggest that, while IP3(1,4,5) triggers the release of stored Ca2+ to hyperpolarize the membrane, IP3(1,3,4) may initiate a membrane depolarization. PMID- 3494635 TI - Perinatal effects of drugs of abuse. PMID- 3494636 TI - [Effect of transcranial non-invasive stimulation of the antinociceptive structures of the brain on processes of repair]. AB - Transcranial electrical stimulation (AC + DC) of antinociceptive brain structures causing the maximal analgetic effect accelerated skin-wound healing in rats. The effect being completely blocked with naloxone. Participation of opioidergic, antinociceptive brain structures in wound healing and maintenance of structural homeostasis, is discussed. PMID- 3494637 TI - [Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 2. Analysis of steroids with high-performance liquid chromatography for diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. AB - A quantitative analysis of steroids in serum, dried blood samples on filter paper and amniotic fluid with high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed and applied to the diagnosis of risk infants on neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The present method is simple, rapid and accurate. The detection limits of cortisol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone are 0.2 ng and 0.3 ng, respectively. The twenty-two steroids can be analysed within 60 minutes using the isogradient mobile phase. The method is highly correlated with radioimmunoassay and enzymeimmunoassay. In 4 patients with the salt-losing form, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was higher and cortisol lower than in 4 patients with the simple-virilizing form. This method seems suitable for the routine clinical elucidation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3494638 TI - [Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 3. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dried blood 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone]. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) in dried blood collected on filter paper has been developed. The ELISA method is very easy and rapid and has sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The detection limit of the ELISA method is 0.5 ng/ml blood. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are 7.0 approximately 8.3% and 6.7 approximately 10.5%, respectively. Correlation between the ELISA method and previously reported enzyme immunoassay is good (r = 0.961). 17-OHP values of neonates with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are extremely high compared with normal neonates (11.0 +/- 5.9 ng/ml blood). The present study demonstrates that the ELISA method for 17 OHP is applicable to neonatal screening for CAH. PMID- 3494639 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses in drug-suppressed simian Plasmodium knowlesi infection. PMID- 3494640 TI - Production of and response to interleukin 2 by blood mononuclear cells from some type 1 diabetic patients. AB - Production of and response to interleukin 2 (IL-2) were studied using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 23 patients with type 1 diabetes. When compared to PBMC from 18 control subjects, mean PHA-stimulated IL-2 synthesis in the diabetic group was found unimpaired (1.2 +/- 0.1 vs 1.5 +/- 0.2 U/ml). However, 3 subgroups could be distinguished with regard to IL-2 synthesis: IL-2 production was significantly increased in 5 patients and decreased in 2 patients, while the remaining 16 diabetics produced normal levels of IL-2. The diabetic group displayed a curve of PBMC proliferation in response to a range of recombinant IL-2 which was not significantly altered. However, an abnormally high blastogenic response was detected in 5 patients, correlating to an increased percentage of Ia-bearing T lymphocytes, while a markedly low response was seen in 2 other patients. These alterations of the IL-2 system could be related duration of diabetes. Indeed, high synthesis of IL-2 was more frequent in patients with long-standing disease than in recent onset diabetics: 44% and 7%, respectively. Conversely, increased response to IL-2 was found more often in the latter group than in the former (28% vs 11%) while decreased sensitivity was seen only in the latter group (14%). No correlations were found between these results and basal or glucagon-stimulated C peptide levels, percent of glycosylated hemoglobin, presence of autoantibodies, lymphocyte subsets, or HLA typing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494641 TI - Epidermal growth factor-induced precocious incisor eruption is associated with decreased tooth size. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes precocious eruption of incisors in vivo and is mitogenic for tooth-derived cells in vitro. These two observations lead to the hypothesis that the EGF-induced precocious eruption is the result of an increase in the size of the incisor. To test this hypothesis, neonatal mice were injected daily with various doses of EGF and, seven days after birth, were perfused with fixative. EGF causes a retardation of overall growth (as measured by body weight) and a dose-dependent thickening of the epidermis. The incisors were examined in midsagittal histological sections and in X-ray microradiographs. Contrary to our expectations, EGF causes a dose-dependent decrease in the size of the incisors. This result suggests that the stimulation of the growth of odontogenic cells seen in tissue culture is not part of the physiological response to EGF in vivo and that EGF-induced precocious eruption of incisors is not due to an increase in the growth rate of the tooth. PMID- 3494642 TI - Immunology in diabetic pregnancy: activated T cells in diabetic mothers and neonates. AB - Lymphocytes bearing surface antigens indicating early and full activation have been evaluated, in addition to T cell subsets, in blood samples from diabetic pregnant patients, neonates from diabetic mothers and control groups. The type of diabetes and the trimester of pregnancy were taken into account. Monoclonal antibodies were used to enumerate total T cells, helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor Tlymphocytes and activated mononuclear cells using antibodies binding lymphocyte surface antigens as markers of early lymphocyte activation, and MHC Class II surface antigens as markers of late activation. A decrease in T-helper cells during the third trimester of pregnancy in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and gestational diabetic patients (p less than 0.02) and a decrease in T-suppressor cells in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic pregnant patients during the third trimester (p less than 0.01) were observed in relation to normal values. As in normal pregnancy, 4F2-positive cells were increased in 48% of diabetic pregnant patients during the second and third trimesters of gestation. Class II-positive cells were increased in almost 60% of Type 1 and gestational diabetic patients during the last trimester of pregnancy in comparison with normal pregnant women and control subjects. A decrease in T helper cells (p less than 0.02) and a clear increase in 4F2-positive cells (p less than 0.001) and Class II-positive lymphocytes (p less than 0.005) were observed in the infants of diabetic mothers in comparison with control subjects. The maternal cellular immune system, actively altered in pregnancy, is fully activated in a number of Type 1 and gestational diabetic pregnant patients. Activated lymphocytes are even found in the neonates of diabetic mothers, but these do not trigger the events leading to the onset of diabetes in the short term. PMID- 3494643 TI - [Acute hepatic steatosis of pregnancy: an easily curable disease]. PMID- 3494644 TI - [Emergency esophageal transection by abdominal approach after failure of medical treatment of ruptured esophageal varices]. PMID- 3494645 TI - Effect of exogenous acid on the rat gastric mucosal microcirculation in hemorrhagic shock. AB - In vivo microscopy and histology were used to study the effect of exogenous acid (0.1 N HCl) on the rat corpus mucosal microcirculation and bleeding in hemorrhagic shock. Systemic blood pressure was reduced stepwise by bleeding. Mucosal blood flow showed a significant linear correlation with mean systemic blood pressure. The flow stopped in half of the rats at 25% of control blood pressure, but red blood cells were always present within the microvessels. In contrast, the topical application of 0.1 N HCl accelerated the decrease of blood flow with graded hypotension and caused progressive disappearance of the honeycomblike network of red blood cell-filled superficial mucosal microvessels. After retransfusion, mucosal bleeding occurred in the area in which the blood filled microvessels had disappeared. Histology revealed that the bleeding extended from the middle of the depth of the mucosa and was associated with tissue necrosis. These results indicate that exogenous acid in hemorrhagic shock causes increased mucosal ischemia and tissue damage with bleeding on retransfusion. PMID- 3494646 TI - Intussusception presenting with lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a hemophiliac. PMID- 3494648 TI - [Electron microscopy studies of ciliated cells in the larval epidermis of Rana t. temporaria (L.) (Amphibia, Anura)]. AB - Examination of the epidermis of Rana temporaria in various stages of development revealed the presence of densely ciliated cells from the late neurula until shortly before metamorphosis. Unlike the other epidermal cells, these ciliated cells do not divide; once formed, they are constant in number until they disappear. In shape, size, and structure, however, they vary depending on stage of development and on their position in the body. In older larval stages and young tadpoles they are fully differentiated and strongly basophilic. Their function is to improve the hydrodynamic properties of the larval body, and hence ultimately to optimize the energy balance during locomotion. PMID- 3494647 TI - Endoscopic injection therapy for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage- is it too good to be true? PMID- 3494649 TI - An involvement of adenosine in cerebral blood flow regulation during hypercapnia. AB - The possibility that endogenously released adenosine, a potent vasodilator, is involved in the increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to hypercapnia has been investigated in an anesthetized, paralyzed rat model. The left retroglenoid vein was cannulated and cerebral venous blood flow measured with a drop counter. Animals were ventilated with a 40% oxygen, 60% nitrogen gas mixture. At 20 min intervals, at a constant rate of flow, the inspired gas mixture was altered to 10% carbon dioxide, 40% oxygen, 50% nitrogen for periods of between 30-90 sec. This brief hypercapnic challenge induced a rapid increase in CBF in the absence of any change in MABP. An involvement of adenosine in this response was demonstrated using an adenosine antagonist, caffeine, an uptake inhibitor, dipyridamole and an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin. Caffeine (10 and 20 mg/kg i.p.) 15 min prior to hypercapnic challenges significantly decreased the peak increases in CBF. Dipyridamole (0.1 mg/kg) and deoxycoformycin (0.1 microgram/kg) enhanced the peak increases in flow. These results are consistent with an important role for adenosine in coupling PCO2 to cerebral blood flow. PMID- 3494650 TI - Management of intraoral hemorrhage. PMID- 3494651 TI - [Effect of folinic acid (leucovorin) on cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of methotrexate]. PMID- 3494652 TI - [Portal hypertension--esophageal varices: shunt operations]. PMID- 3494653 TI - Androgen receptors in skeletal muscle cytosol from sheep treated with trenbolone acetate. AB - Female sheep were implanted with the anabolic agent trenbolone acetate and the effects of the treatment on the skeletal muscle androgen receptor studied. In two separate trials the binding capacity/mg skeletal muscle protein was reduced. In trial 1 the animals were implanted (80 mg trenbolone acetate) at the start and after 5 weeks of the trial and samples taken one week later while in the second trial samples were taken 15 days after a single implant (80 mg trenbolone acetate). The ability of a variety of steroids and steroid-like compounds to displace [3H] testosterone and [3H] methyltrienolone was also studied. The androgen receptor was also partially purified using heparin-sepharose chromatography The involvement of the anddrogen receptor in the mode of action of trenbolone is discussed. PMID- 3494654 TI - Modulation of the immunological response to hepatitis B virus by antibodies. AB - Antibodies to HBsAg of IgG class enhanced the helper activity of a human T cell clone to promote the in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins by autologous B lymphocytes. Using two different assay systems, the effect of antigen-specific antibodies on the helper function of a HBsAg-reactive T cell clone was studied. The monoclonal antibody to HBsAg A5C3 (IgG) increased significantly the T cell dependent production of immunoglobulins by Staphyloccocus aureus-stimulated autologous B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the results obtained with a different type of assay showed that A5C3 also increased the synthesis of antibody to HBsAg by the autologous B cells in the presence of HBsAg and the helper T cell clone. On the other hand, when the monoclonal antibody to HBsAg of IgM class, H5D3 or the F(ab')2 fragment of A5C3 were tested, no significant enhancement of the helper activity of the T cell clone was observed. Experiments performed in mice showed that the in vivo antibody to HBsAg response to low concentrations of HBsAg was significantly enhanced by mixing this antigen with monoclonal antibody to HBsAg of IgG class. No effect was observed when a monoclonal antibody to HBsAg of IgM class was used to prepare the immune-complexed immunogen. The results presented here suggest that antibodies play a critical role in their own production through regulating the activity of helper T cells. This phenomenon might contribute to the increased antibody synthesis of in vivo secondary immune responses and could be of use in designing more efficient vaccine programs in man. PMID- 3494655 TI - In vitro production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity by murine bone marrow and spleen following vinblastine administration in vivo. AB - The production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by isolated murine femur shafts, non-dispersed bone marrow and spleens was assessed following administration of Vinblastine (VLB). These organs were removed from 2 h to 10 days post-VLB and allowed to condition endotoxin-free medium for 48 h. CSA activity was assessed using a soft agar cloning system. The data demonstrate that CSA elaboration was maximal 24 h post-VLB, corresponding to the nadir of bone marrow GM-CFC, and 6 h after splenic reached a minimum. No relationship between peripheral blood granulocyte count or serum endotoxin levels were observed. PMID- 3494656 TI - [Study on the rapid detection of interleukin-2 biological activity with mouse thymocytes]. PMID- 3494657 TI - The vessel wall and its control. PMID- 3494658 TI - Examination of the heart. PMID- 3494659 TI - Efforts to produce human cytotoxic T-cell hybridomas by electrofusion and PEG fusion. AB - Cytotoxic human T cells from different sources were fused with different types of human T-lymphoma cells and mouse B-myeloma cells using variations of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method and electrofusion. Both techniques yielded proliferating hybridomas. The frequency of wells with proliferating hybridomas depended on the tumor fusion partner used; the best results were obtained with HSB-1, whereas fusions with JURKAT-1 and HPB-1 did not yield any hybridomas. For one tumor cell line (HSB-1), considerably more hybridomas were obtained with electrofusion than with the PEG fusion (with or without heat shock). There was no consistent relationship between the presence or absence of cytotoxic activity of the T lymphocytes against the tumor fusion partner and the yield of hybridomas. In human-human as well as in human-mouse hybridomas most of the lymphocyte derived chromosomes were lost. Four of the more than 600 hybridomas tested showed transient cytotoxic activity, but in none of them this function could be immortalized. Two of the hybridomas obtained with CEM-1 as tumor fusion partner expressed low levels of lymphocyte-derived CD3 antigens. Two hybridomas obtained with HSB-1 were highly invasive in vitro in rat hepatocyte cultures, whereas HSB 1 tumor cells were not. PMID- 3494660 TI - Rhesus monkey responses to multiple injections of human monoclonal antibodies. AB - Five rhesus monkeys were injected multiple times over several months with two different human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, both directed against human cytomegalovirus. Three monkeys each injected four times with monoclonal antibody EV2-7 for over 200 days showed no response other than a normal decay in antibody level. The in vivo half life of this antibody was substantially longer when measured with an idiotype-specific two site immunoassay than with radiolabeled antibody, indicating that the iodination procedure greatly affected the stability of the antibody. Although there was considerable individual variation in the half life of EV2-7, from 8.9 to 30.5 days, the half-life was fairly long, especially considering the size of the monkeys. Two monkeys were injected with monoclonal antibody EV1-15. One monkey has responded in a similar manner to the EV2-7 injected monkeys. However, the other monkey has produced an anti-idiotypic antibody (or antibodies) of high affinity. It is possible that this response was triggered by the unusual physical nature of antibody EV1-15 or the effect of the species difference between human and rhesus monkey. In any case, the results from these five monkeys indicate that human monoclonal antibodies should have a significant advantage over mouse monoclonal antibodies for in vivo therapeutic applications. PMID- 3494661 TI - A method for the analysis of a large number of specific and multispecific B cell hybridomas derived from primary immunized lymph nodes. AB - A previously described efficient short term immunization protocol enables analysis of the specificities of large numbers of monoclonal antibodies in murine lymph nodes. In this paper we measure the B cell responses against two highly immunogenic antigens, rat type II collagen (NRC) and chick ovalbumin (OVA), as well as against the poorly immunogenic denatured rat type II collagen (DRC). We found that relatively large numbers of specific B cell hybridomas could be produced after immunization with NRC (28%) and lower numbers with OVA (6%) and DRC (3%). However, in all immunizations there were also generated large numbers of hybridomas producing multispecific antibodies (5-15%). The multispecificity was sustained when the hybridomas were subcloned. These results show that large numbers of immunogen-reactive hybridomas can easily be obtained with the present method. They also show that different immunogens differ in their immunogenicity. The very high efficiency of native type II collagen to induce an antibody response, which is widely crossreactive with autologous type II collagen, could possibly be explained if it is assumed that the natural occurring repertoire is based on stimulation of autoantigens. PMID- 3494662 TI - Activation antigens and signal transduction in lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3494663 TI - Kartagener's syndrome with atrial septal defect. PMID- 3494664 TI - Delayed type hypersensitivity responses to the Qa-Tla region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. AB - We have elicited a small but significant delayed-type hypersensitivity response against the Qa-Tla region of H-2 following immunisation of C57BL/6 mice with cells from the congenic strain C57BL/6.Tlaa. Optimal responses were detected 14 days after immunisation with 10-40 X 10(6) cells. The significance of delayed type hypersensitivity to Qa-Tla is discussed in relation to the genetic loci which map to this region. PMID- 3494666 TI - Differential expression of the HLA-B7 and the HLA-A2 gene in transfected mouse L(tk-) cells after stimulation by mouse interferon. AB - Mouse L(tk-) cells were transfected with recombinant genomic clones encoding the human major histocompatibility antigens HLA-A2 or HLA-B7. The exposure of 15 different transfected cell clones to mouse interferon resulted in an up to 2.9 fold enhancement of the HLA-A2 antigen at the cell surface but in an up to 5.5 fold enhancement of the HLA-B7 antigen as shown by quantitative radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies directed against different HLA epitopes. Using the HLA Bw6 specific monoclonal antibody 2BC4, an even higher increase of the HLA-B7 antigen (up to 12-fold) could be observed. This higher inducibility of an HLA-B versus HLA-A locus gene may reflect distinct regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of HLA class I subregion antigens. PMID- 3494665 TI - Accessory cell dependent T lymphocyte proliferation: potent activity of dendritic cells. AB - The proliferative response of T lymphocytes to Concanavalin A (Con A) and the oxidative mitogens, sodium periodate (NaIO4) and neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase (NGO), requires the participation of dendritic cells (DC). High density cells (HDC) recovered from the fractionation of lymph node cells on a discontinuous gradient of bovine plasma albumin did not respond to NaIO4, but responded well above background levels to NGO or Con A. Addition of DC elevated these responses further. By an indirect panning technique, the HDC were exhaustively depleted of cells expressing Ia surface antigens. Ninety-nine percent of these HDC displayed T cell surface antigens. These Ia- T cells did not respond to any of the three mitogen treatments until DC were added, whereupon the proliferative responses were restored in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal levels attained at a DC to T cell ratio of 1:200. The addition of a purified preparation of IL2 to untreated or mitogen-treated Ia- T cells increased the proliferative responses slightly and was unable to substitute for the potent activity of dendritic cells. Only the addition of DC was able to stimulate mitogen-induced proliferation to maximal levels. The limiting factor in these responses was the number of dendritic cells, which controlled the induction of both the release of IL2 and responsiveness to IL2 for the oxidative mitogens and Con A. Thus, DC function as potent accessory cells for each of the three mitogens. PMID- 3494667 TI - Functional domains of the T lymphocyte plasma membrane: characterization of the polypeptide composition. AB - Highly purified plasma membranes from calf thymocytes were fractionated by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose into two subfractions, one eluting freely from the affinity column (MF1) and a second being specifically retained (MF2). SDS-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis revealed different polypeptide patterns of the two plasma membrane subfractions. Polypeptides of apparent molecular weights of 170, 150, 110, 94, 39, and 30 kDa were several-fold enriched in the adherent fraction, MF2. In contrast, several proteins in the 55 65 kDa range were preferentially recovered in the non-adherent fraction. Five Five of the six polypeptides, preferentially recovered in MF2 proved to be glycoproteins, the 39 kDa peptide was non-glycosilated. The differences in the amounts of the polypeptides specifically enriched in the adherent fraction MF2 became even more clear-cut when plasma membranes solubilized with non-ionic detergents (lysolecithin, ET-18-2H, Triton-X-100) were separated by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose. The non-glycosilated peptide of apparent molecular weight of 39 kDa was recovered together with several glycoproteins in the adherent fraction, MF2, suggesting that not single glycoproteins, but plasma membrane domains were separated by Concanavalin A Sepharose. Although the glycoproteins of the non-adherent fraction MF1 bound significant amounts of Concanavalin A, the major Concanavalin A binding glycoproteins were recovered in the adherent fraction, MF2. The plasma membrane subfractions showed also different functional properties, the specific activities [Na+ + K+]AT-Pase, Ca2+ ATPase and lysolecithin acyltransferase were several-fold enriched in the adherent fraction, MF2, as compared to MF1. The data suggest the existence of plasma membrane domains in the plasma membranes of thymocytes consisting of a different set of proteins, among others the major Concanavalin A binding glycoproteins with some membrane bound enzymes, probably implicated in the initiation of lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3494668 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced eosinophilia in the rat: concomitant changes in T-cell subsets, B cells and large granular lymphocytes within lymphoid tissues. AB - Cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment (150 mg/kg) of Sprague-Dawley rats 48 hr before immunization with a T-dependent antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), resulted in striking bone marrow, blood and tissue eosinophilia, maximal at 14 days and concurrent with profound lymphopenia. This phenomenon has been tentatively attributed to selective elimination by Cy of T-suppressor cells. In this study, T-cell subsets, B cells and monocytes/macrophages were enumerated following alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) staining of mononuclear cells isolated from lymphoid tissues of rats exhibiting eosinophilia. In lymph nodes, a significant increase in the A3/25+:OX-8+ ratio compared with normal was maintained from Day 7 to Day 14; in the spleen, however, this effect was no longer apparent by Day 14, due to the emergence of a population of OX-8+, OX-19- large granular lymphocytes. A seven-fold rise in splenic B-cell numbers (OX-12+) between Day 7 and Day 14 coincided with the eosinophilia. These findings are consistent with the potentiated production of TH-cell derived soluble factors affecting eosinophil production and differentiation, including possibly a rat equivalent of eosinophil differentiation factor, which in the mouse has been reported to have B-cell growth factor activity linked with eosinophilia. PMID- 3494669 TI - Chemotactic activity of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) seeded in the lower compartment of chemotaxis chambers induced migration of human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear phagocytes. rhGM-CSF was active in inducing phagocyte migration at concentrations as low as 10 CML units/ml (corresponding to 0.002 microgram), and maximal activity was observed at 10(2) 10(4)/ml. Checkerboard analysis performed by seeding different concentrations of rhGM-CSF above and below the filter revealed that maximal induction of migration required a positive concentration gradient between the lower and upper compartment, and that rhGM-CSF elicited an actual chemotactic response in phagocytes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL) responded poorly or not at all (endothelial cells) to rhGM-CSF under conditions in which appropriate reference chemoattractants were active. The chemotactic activity of rhGM-CSF may serve to recruit phagocytic cells from the blood compartment to amplify resistance against noxious agents. PMID- 3494670 TI - OKT3-activated locomotion of human blood lymphocytes: a phenomenon requiring contact of T cells with Fc receptor-bearing cells. AB - The OKT3 antibody activates locomotion of human blood T lymphocytes as measured by polarization assays and invasion of collagen gels. The proportion of motile cells increases during a period of 24-48 hr of culture, even following only a brief initial contact with OKT3. The motile cells are the growing population. Locomotion activation is cell-density dependent. Studies with surface-bound mitogens, namely substratum-bound OKT3 and Con A-Sepharose, showed that only lymphocytes in direct contact with the mitogen acquired locomotor capacity. Those separated from it by a cell-impermeable filter were not activated. The response to OKT3 requires the whole antibody molecule. F(ab')2 fragments were inactive. Intact normal human IgG, but not its F(ab')2 fragments, blocked the response. Removal of RFc gamma + cells from the population by rosetting with IgG-Ab-coated sheep red cells prevented the response. These findings suggest that an RFc gamma + population has to be present for T cells to become activated to locomotion by OKT3, and that the OKT3 antibody links the T cell to an FcR+ cell, cell-to-cell contact being essential for activating the locomotor response. PMID- 3494671 TI - The human bladder carcinoma line T-24 secretes a human B-cell differentiation factor. AB - The effect of a B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) found in the supernatant of the human bladder carcinoma cell line T-24 (T-24.BCDF) was assessed using the human lymphoblastoid line CESS (Muraguchi et al., 1981) and TPA-stimulated human B-CLL B cells. This T-24.BCDF was shown to cause both these cell types to secrete immunoglobulin, and therefore indicates that culture supernatants from this bladder carcinoma line contain a potent differentiation factor for human B cells. PMID- 3494672 TI - Generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells does not require DNA synthesis. AB - We studied the role of DNA synthesis in the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells by recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the dependence of this phenomenon on DNA synthesis. Doses of gamma-irradiation (1000-5000 rads) that profoundly reduced DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBL) also effectively suppressed the development of cytotoxic activity in the absence of IL-2. However, the same doses of irradiation affected the induction of LAK activity by IL-2 to a much lesser extent. Blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides by hydroxyurea, which resulted in a complete inhibition of DNA synthesis in PBL or purified T lymphocytes, had virtually no effect on the generation of LAK cells. These results indicate that the expression of LAK activity is not dependent on DNA synthesis. PMID- 3494673 TI - Spontaneous autocytotoxicity against an unexpected H-2d haplotype in MRL/lpr (H 2k) autoimmune disease-prone mice. AB - The MRL/lpr (H-2k) inbred strain, a model for the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, differs from the healthy inbred strain MRL +/+ (H-2k) by only 0.1% of its genome. Southern blot analysis using class I and class II probes confirmed the H-2k genotype of both strains. Among the Iak-positive peritoneal cells, cells with an unexpected expression of Iad specificities were detected in a radioimmunoassay using several monoclonal antibodies and one conventional antiserum. This was only found in aged (6- to 9-month-old) mice both in the MRL/lpr strain (32% Iad-positive mice) and in the MRL +/+ strain (42% Iad positive mice). Furthermore, 24% of aged MRL/lpr mice exhibited strong spontaneous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities against P815 (H-2d) target cells, and 57% had a weaker but still detectable level of cytotoxicity. In contrast, such a CTL activity has never been found in the MRL +/+ strain. These results suggest that the anti-H-2d CTL plays a role in the onset of the autoimmune process in MRL/lpr mice. PMID- 3494674 TI - DQw1 beta gene from HLA-DR2-Dw12 consists of six exons and expresses multiple DQw1 beta polypeptides through alternative splicing. PMID- 3494675 TI - HLA-DQw3 dissected by cloned alloreactive T cells. PMID- 3494676 TI - C3 complement components & their breakdown product (C3d) in patients of thromboangiitis obliterans. PMID- 3494677 TI - Cell mediated immunity in tuberculoid leprosy--a study of 'T' lymphocyte population by 'E' rosetty technique. PMID- 3494678 TI - Some characteristics of inflammation induced by muramyl dipeptide, endotoxin, and concanavalin A. AB - Inflammatory reactions induced by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), endotoxin, and concanavalin A (Con A) were examined in the skin of rabbits. The neutrophil influx induced by MDP peaked at 2 h and declined to a low level by 4 h, thus resembling the response induced by endotoxin. MDP and endotoxin exhibited homologous desensitization when extant lesions were restimulated at 6 h. These agents did not, however, induce heterologous desensitization. Con A induced a biphasic influx of neutrophils into inflammatory lesions with peaks at 2 h and 12 h. Neither the first nor second peak exhibited desensitization to homologous restimulation; however, the cell influx in restimulated lesions assumed a monophasic character peaking at 3 h. Con A lesions were not desensitized to restimulation with MDP or endotoxin. The results suggest that these chemotaxinogens rely on different endogenous mediators to induce an inflammatory response. The protracted second period of neutrophil infiltration of Con A induced lesions and the failure of desensitization of this response to develop suggest that the mediator of Con A-induced inflammation may play an important role in the sustained recruitment of neutrophils in some inflammatory diseases. PMID- 3494679 TI - Effect of the late complement components C5b-9 on human monocytes: release of prostanoids, oxygen radicals and of a factor inducing cell proliferation. AB - Recently, we reported stimulation of rat macrophages and human platelets by isolated C5b-9 to synthesize prostaglandin E (PGE) or thromboxane B2 (TXB2). In the present study, we tested whether besides prostanoids, C5b-9 also would induce the production of other mediators. We found that C5b-9 in sublytic concentrations stimulated human granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) or monocytes to release oxygen radicals. Furthermore, monocytes release interleukin-1 in response to C5b-9. Thus, besides having a lytic capacity, C5b-9 also functions as a stimulator of various cells. PMID- 3494680 TI - Interleukin-1 induces mucus secretion from mouse intestinal explants. AB - Secretion of goblet cell (GC) mucus occurs during immune reactions in the gut. As human macrophages produce a substance that induces mucus secretion from lung explants, we tested the effect of macrophage-derived factor(s) on mucus secretion from intestinal explants. Fragments of mouse duodenum were incubated with macrophage culture supernatants and purified interleukin-1 (IL-1) preparations, and the amount of mucus released was estimated by an enzyme-linked lectin assay. Both the culture supernatants and the IL-1 preparations induced dose- and time dependent mucus release. Lipopolysaccharide-induced culture fluids were shown to contain IL-1. Thus, stimulation of mucus secretion from GC can be added to the list of biological activities attributable to IL-1. PMID- 3494681 TI - Functional heterogeneity within the human peripheral blood B cell pool engaged in IgE synthesis. AB - Fractionation of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) B cells by differential sedimentation on percoll gradients separates B cell subpopulations which vary markedly in rates of spontaneous IgE synthesis, in their response to identical populations of autologous T cells and in their response to soluble T cell factors. This B cell fractionation technique often reveals the presence of active IgE-secreting cells which are totally suppressed within unfractionated PBL B cell preparations and greatly improves the efficiency of detection of T cell responsive, IgE-producing B cells in PBL of atopics. PMID- 3494682 TI - Seasonal variations in in vitro synthesis of rye pollen-specific IgE by human peripheral mononuclear cells. Functional heterogeneity within the IgE-B pool. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear B cells from 6 rye pollen-allergic patients, with no consistent perennial symptoms, were isolated before (July), during (October) and after (February and May) the pollen season. The T-depleted cells were fractionated on a discontinuous percoll density gradient and the B cell fractions, together with unfractionated B cells, incubated in vitro for quantitation of spontaneous synthesis of rye pollen-specific IgE. Markedly higher levels of IgE were synthesised by the fractions, as opposed to unfractionated B cells. The low-density fraction (B5) contributed most towards synthesis in the pollen season and the denser B6 cells in the pre- and post-pollen season. All low density B cell fractions (B1-3-B5) and some high-density fractions contained large but variable amounts of preformed specific IgE which was retained, even in the absence of de novo synthesis in vitro, during the post- and pre-pollen season. Since only a fraction of this preformed IgE escaped into culture supernatants the contribution of preformed IgE to in vitro IgE synthesis in general may require reappraisal. PMID- 3494683 TI - Human T hybridoma-derived immunoglobulin-binding factors. AB - A human T hybridoma was generated lacking demonstrable low-affinity IgE surface receptors. This cell line produces spontaneously immunoglobulin-binding factors. The factors have an affinity for human IgE and IgG as well as for IgG from other species. The binding factors were purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography, an IgE immunoaffinity column and SDS-PAGE. This purification procedure resulted in five major proteins bands at 13, 15, 30, 60 and less than 150 kilodaltons. As judged by Western blot analysis, all bands were variably glycosylated and were capable of binding IgE. Biological activity resided even within the small molecular weight (13 kilodaltons) peptide in terms of inhibiting IgE synthesis of the U266 B cell line and net IgE synthesis of B cells from atopic blood donors. Additionally, semipurified binding factor preparations also inhibited the Pokeweed mitogen-induced IgG synthesis while stimulating IgE synthesis at the same time. At present it is not clear whether the different molecular entities are dimers or polymers of the same protein, or are all derived from one larger protein (proteolytically cleaved), or whether they are completely different peptides mediating similar immunoglobulin-binding capacities as well as similar biological activities. Glycosylation of binding factors is not responsible for binding to immunoglobulins, but might be important for its biological activity. PMID- 3494684 TI - Effect of growth factors on the proliferation of thymocytes in different functional and anatomical compartments. AB - The intrathymic location of cells responding to the thymocyte growth peptide (TGP) was investigated in guinea pigs. Thymus cells were labelled by topical application of a fluorescein isothiocyanate solution and the percentage of fluorescent cells analyzed by flow cytometry. Large cells forming rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes, known to respond to TGP, had a lower percentage of fluorescent cells than non-rosetting cells which do not respond to TGP. If the TGP-responding cells are anatomically segregated in the guinea pig thymus, this might indicate that they are preferentially located in the deep, juxtamedullary part of the cortex, where one major proliferating compartment is situated. PMID- 3494685 TI - Human interleukin-3-like activity, basophil and eosinophil growth promoting activities and colony stimulating factor derived from several cell lines. AB - Human IL-3-like activity, colony stimulating factor (CSF) and basophil/eosinophil growth promoting activity (Ba/Eo GPA) in serum-free conditioned media (CM) derived from various cell lines of human origin were examined. Squamous cell carcinoma (Colo-16), osteogenic sarcoma (R97KL4) and human placental (HP) cells produced 10-20% IL-3 activity present in supernatants from a mouse myelomonocytic cell line (WEHI-3BCM) when assayed using a murine IL-3 dependent cell line (32Dcl/H4). The human T-cell leukemic cell line (Mo) and several neuroblastoma cell lines did not produce IL-3-like activity, nor did purified human erythroid potentiating activity (EPA) from Mo contain IL-3. CSF and Ba/Eo GPA were detected in CMs from Mo, HP, Colo-16 but not from R97KL4. No IL-2 activity was detected in any of these CMs. These observations point to the existence of diverse sources of human IL-3-like activity and to the probable distinctiveness of human IL-3, basophil or eosinophil GPA, and EPA. Analogies drawn between human and murine hemopoietic activities need to be made with caution. PMID- 3494686 TI - Isolation of interleukin-1 from human milk. AB - Human milk was investigated in regard to the presence of lymphocyte growth factors. Precipitated and dialyzed protein from mature human milk was found to exhibit interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in the murine thymocyte proliferation assay. A mitogenic effect of milk protein was also observed in cultures of human and guinea pig thymocytes, demonstrating that the effect was not species restricted. No interleukin-2 or thymocyte growth peptide activity was found. Gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G 150 revealed three distinct peaks of IL-1 activity, with apparent molecular weights of 14, 31 and 60 kilodaltons, respectively. Chromatofocusing showed IL-1 activity in four peaks, the major peak eluting at an isoelectric point of 5.0. Similar molecular heterogeneity has previously been demonstrated for IL-1 isolated from macrophages and other sources. The physiological role of milk-derived IL-1 is unknown, but it is proposed that it might act as an immunostimulating factor in the mammary gland, and hypothetically also in the breast-fed infant. Since IL-1 is a potent pyrogen, it is also suggested that milk-derived IL-1 contributes to the well-known pyrogenic activity of milk. PMID- 3494687 TI - In vitro effect of alpha-interferon on mononuclear cells of normal and autoimmune patients. AB - The effect of lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN-alpha) on cell-mediated and humoral immunity was studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The base-line natural killer (NK) and antibody dependent cytotoxic cell (ADCC) activity was higher than normal in individuals with RA. The NK and ADCC activities were tested after IFN-alpha pretreatment and the augmentation of NK and ADCC activity was less in these patients than in normals. Lymphoblastoid IFN inhibited antigen induced T-cell proliferation in SLE to a lesser extent than in normal individuals. Finally, the addition of lymphoblastoid IFN was also less effective at suppressing in vitro polyclonal antibody formation by mononuclear cells from patients with SLE than from normals, with enhancement observed in some patients at the lower IFN-alpha concentrations tested. PMID- 3494688 TI - A monoclonal antibody (FMG25) that can differentiate neuroblastoma from other small round-cell tumours of childhood. AB - The monoclonal antibody (MAb), FMG25, raised following immunization of mice with the human T cell line HUT 78, binds to human neuroblastoma but not to other small round-cell tumours of childhood (rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma). The specificity of the reagent is paralleled on normal tissues binding to brain but not frozen sections of thymus, tonsil, lymph node and spleen. Of the 15 T-cell malignancies examined, only 3, belonging to the large T-cell type, were positive. This represents only 50% of this type examined. Only one early case of pre-B ALL was found to be positive for FMG25 binding out of 27 non-T-cell malignancies. The pattern of reactivity of FMG25 makes the MAb useful as a diagnostic reagent in paediatric pathology. In addition, the antibody may be useful as one of a panel of reagents applied to detect and remove tumour cells from bone marrow harvested for autologous transplantation. PMID- 3494689 TI - Lifespan extension of basal cell nevus syndrome fibroblasts by transfection with mouse pro or v-myc genes. AB - Dermal fibroblasts from patients with the autosomal dominant cancer-prone disease Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (BCNS) exhibit a serum dependence, anchorage dependence and in vitro lifespan (about 20 population doublings or less) similar to those of fibroblasts from normal age-, race- and sex-matched controls. Transfection with v myc or with an activated mouse pro-I gene (which specifies sensitivity to promotion of neoplastic transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells) specifically conferred partial immortality on the BCNS fibroblasts by substantially extending their population doubling levels by more than 19 population doublings. This suggests that either v-myc or pro-I gene can cooperate with BCNS gene(s) to produce an extension of lifespan or partial immortality. However, the transfected BCNS fibroblasts that escaped senescence were anchorage-dependent even after exposure to the tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). These observations indicate that BCNS fibroblasts differ from their normal counterparts in susceptibility to extended growth and may therefore be pre-neoplastic. It is clear that they require more than an activated pro or myc gene for progression to the tumor cell phenotype. PMID- 3494690 TI - Effects of coronary artery revascularization and perioperative myocardial infarction on left ventricular wall motion. AB - The effects of coronary artery revascularization and perioperative myocardial infarction on left ventricular wall motion are still controversial. In this study perioperative myocardial infarction was quantitatively estimated with the cumulative activity of the CK-MB isoenzyme in the perioperative period in a group of 77 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. After the operation (on average 9 +/- 1.8 months) all the patients were submitted to left ventricular and coronary angiography. Overall the global left ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged after the operation. The subgroup of patients with all patent grafts showed an improvement of both regional wall motion (P less than 0.05) and ejection fraction (from 58 +/- 13 to 64 +/- 13%, P less than 0.005); the number of angiographically abnormal left ventricular segments decreased from 28.5 to 16.6% (P less than 0.001). The cumulative activity of CK MB enzyme was significantly correlated with the pre- and postoperative changes of ejection fraction (r = -0.51, P less than 0.01). Thus coronary artery bypass surgery can improve regional wall motion, but the likely benefit is observed in the absence of a perioperative myocardial ischemic damage. PMID- 3494691 TI - Mycetoma due to Nocardia caviae. AB - Mycetoma is the most frequent deep mycosis in Mexico and is caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in 86% of the cases. Two cases of mycetoma due to Nocardia caviae, the first in Mexico, are reported. The strains were identified by their biochemical properties according to the criteria of Gordon and Mihm (1962). Few cases of mycetoma caused by this actinomycete have been reported in the world. One of our cases was unusual: occurring on the trunk as a tumor and diagnosed by finding the "grains" on histologic examination. PMID- 3494692 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin in normal human endometrium. AB - Forty-five specimens of endometrium, consisting of 10 proliferative, 10 each of early, mid-, and late secretory, and five menstrual phase, were examined with antibodies to alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), muramidase, and serum 22, using an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase technique. Five postmenopausal and 10 pregnancy endometria were also examined. Very few macrophages were detected. Other stromal cells, however, in premenopausal, nonpregnant endometrium, stained strongly for A1AT and A1ACT but not with the other two antisera. Stromal cells following the menopause did not stain nor did the decidual cells of pregnancy. Only rare, isolated epithelial cells or whole glands stained for A1AT and A1ACT. The function of these antiproteases in endometrium may be to regulate the protease activity of the implanting blastocyst or the immunological response to it. PMID- 3494693 TI - Long-term effects of gamma-irradiation on cultured human thyroid cells. AB - When differentiated 15-day-old cultures of human thyroid glands were irradiated they exhibited a high degree of radiosensitivity, an absence of split-dose recovery, an increase in the number of non-senescent colonies observed over four passages, increased focus formation on the confluent postirradiation monolayer and a shift in the isozyme pattern of LDH towards the anaerobic form (LD 5). The effects are similar to those previously observed for irradiated sheep thyroid cultures, but occurred at lower radiation doses. PMID- 3494694 TI - Proliferation of type II pneumonocytes after X-irradiation. AB - This paper reports preliminary data on the proliferative response of type II cells in the mouse lung over a five-month period after external thoracic doses of 2, 5, 10 and 12 Gy of X-rays. The DNA labelling index (LI) of control (0 Gy) mice was at all times exceedingly low (0.3-0.4 per cent). The LI after 2 and 5 Gy showed a slight though transient fall below controls during the first week post irradiation, and thereafter the LIs were similar to the controls for the 5 months of the experiment. The LI after 10 and 12 Gy again showed a significant depression during the first week, but this was followed by a significant increase (P = 0.01) in LI which peaked at 4 weeks after irradiation. The LI returned to control values at 3-4 months and again rose significantly (P = 0.05) at 5 months. The first wave of proliferation corresponds to data showing an increase in surfactant in alveolar fluids within 2-6 weeks of 10-15 Gy of X-rays; and the second wave coincides with the pneumonitic phase and is consistent with a delay before the alveolar epithelial continuity is sufficiently compromised by the low rates of type I cell loss to trigger a compensatory wave of type II cell divisions. This relatively chronic radiation response is discussed and contrasted with the dramatic and immediate hyperplastic responses which many toxic irritants produce in type II epithelial cells. PMID- 3494695 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of 0.4 MeV fission neutrons on mouse spermatogenesis. AB - (C57Bl/Cne X C3H/Cne)F1 male mice were irradiated with single acute doses of 0.4 MeV neutrons ranging from 0.05 to 2 Gy, and testis cell suspensions were prepared for cytometric analysis of the DNA content 2-70 days after irradiation. Various cell subpopulations could be identified in the control histogram including mature and immature spermatids, diploid spermatogonia and spermatocytes, tetraploid cells and cells in the S-phase. Variations in the relative proportions of different cell types were detected at each dose and time, reflecting lethal damage induced on specific spermatogenetic stages. The reduction of the number of elongated spermatids 28 days after irradiation was shown to be a particularly sensitive parameter for the cytometrical assessment of the radiosensitivity of differentiating gonia. A D0 value of 0.13 Gy was calculated and compared with data obtained after X-irradiation, using the same experimental protocol. In the latter case a biphasic curve was obtained over the dose range from 0.25 to 10 Gy, possibly reflecting the existence of some cell population heterogeneity. RBE values were estimated at different neutron doses relative to the radiosensitive component of the X-ray curve, and ranged from 3.3 to 4, in agreement with data in the literature. Genotoxic effects were monitored 7 days after irradiation by a dose-dependent increase of the coefficient of variation (CV) values of the round spermatid peak, reflecting the induction of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations, and 14 or 21 days after irradiation by the detection of diploid elongated spermatids, probably arising from a radiation-induced complete failure of the first or second meiotic division. PMID- 3494696 TI - Gamma-irradiation of homodeoxyoligonucleotides 32P-labelled at one end: computer simulation of the chain length distribution of the radioactive fragments. AB - Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of the fragments resulting from gamma irradiation of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides labelled at their 5'- or 3'-end proved to be a potent tool for the analysis of the radiation-induced chain breakage of DNA. Owing to the fact that the oligonucleotide may be ruptured at more than one site, the counting of the electrophoresis bands must be corrected and it is necessary to assess the influence of the cleavage position on the band intensities. A complicating factor is the inhomogeneity of the system due to the presence of the four bases A, T, C and G. To circumvent this problem, the homooligodeoxyribonucleotides (dA)15, (dC)15, (dT)15 were used as experimental probes. They were gamma-irradiated in solution, heated in alkali and the resulting fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. A computer simulation of the band intensities was compiled based on the general assumption that the chain breakage is homogeneous. The experimental results obtained from the homooligodeoxyribonucleotides labelled at either the 5' or the 3'-end are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations. Abacus giving the gel band intensities (percentage) against the nucleotide positions and the remaining intensity of the original oligonucleotide have been obtained. PMID- 3494697 TI - The SO4(.-)-induced chain reaction of 1,3-dimethyluracil with peroxodisulphate. AB - The sulphate radical SO4(.-) reacts with 1,3-dimethyluracil (1,3-DMU) (k = 5 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1) thereby forming with greater than or equal to 90 per cent yield the 1,3-DMU C(5)-OH adduct radical 4 as evidenced by its absorption spectrum and its reactivity toward tetranitromethane. Pulse-conductometric experiments have shown that a 1,3-DMU-SO4(.-) aduct 3 as well as the 1,3-DMU radical cation 1, if formed, must be very short-lived (t1/2 less than or equal to 1 microsecond). The 1,3-DMU C(5)-OH adduct 4 reacts slowly with peroxodisulphate (k = 2.1 X 10(5) dm3 mol-1 s-1). It is suggested that the observed new species is the 1,3-DMU-5-OH-6-SO4(.-) radical 7. At low dose rates a chain reaction is observed. The product of this chain reaction is the cis-5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy 1,3-dimethyluracil 2. At a dose rate of 2.8 X 10(-3) Gys-1 a G value of approximately 200 was observed ([1,3-DMU] = 5 X 10(-3) mol dm-3; [S2O8(2-)] = 10( 2) mol dm-3; [t-butanol] = 10(-2) mol dm-3). The peculiarities of this chain reaction (strong effect of [1,3-DMU], smaller effect of [S2O(2-)8]) is explained by 7 being an important chain carrier. It is proposed that 7 reacts with 1,3-DMU by electron transfer, albeit more slowly (k approximately 1.2 X 10(4) dm3 mol-1 s 1) than does SO4(.-). The resulting sulphate 6 is considered to hydrolyse into 2 and sulphuric acid which is formed in amounts equivalent to those of 2. Computer simulations provide support for the proposed mechanism. The results of some SCF calculations on the electron distribution in the radical cations derived from uracil and 1-methyluracil are also presented. PMID- 3494698 TI - The effect of a protein on the radiolysis of DNA studied by gel filtration. AB - Double stranded DNA from calf thymus was irradiated in the presence of bovine serum albumin with a ratio of 1:10 in weight under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The irradiated biomolecules were separated by gel filtration on Sepharose Cl-2B with and without sodium dodecylsulphate. By scavenging OH radicals the protein protects DNA, but in contrast to radiolysis of DNA in phosphate buffer, in the presence of serum albumin oxygen enhances the degradation of DNA. Radiolysis under N2 leads to crosslinking of serum albumin to DNA with higher yields at pH 5 than at pH 7. Oxygen largely prevents crosslinking. PMID- 3494699 TI - Effect of light fluence rate on mammalian cells photosensitization by chloroaluminium phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate. AB - Phthalocyanines are photosensitizers evaluated for use in photodynamic therapy of cancer. As such, the dependence of the bioresponse on the light fluence rate may be of clinical importance. The effect of the fluence rate of white light from 0.165 to 3.3 kJ m-2 min-1 was studied in Chinese hamster cells and human lymphocytes, using as endpoints colony-forming ability and inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation following mitogenic stimulation and dye photoactivation, respectively. Using Chinese hamster cells exposed to photoexcited chloroaluminium phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate in PBS solution, cytotoxicity was diminished as the fluence rate was reduced. In human lymphocytes changing the fluence rate between 0.33 and 3.3 kJ m-2 min-1 affected the response in a way similar to that of Chinese hamster cells. Human lymphocytes, when exposed to incremental increasing light fluences, 4 h after a conditioning dose, were able to recover from phthalocyanine-induced photodamage, as evidenced by the reappearance of a shoulder on the dose-effect curve. This recovery process during a protracted light exposure, could explain the reduced sensitivity to phthalocyanine photosensitization, compared to exposure at high fluence rates. PMID- 3494700 TI - Inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage by thermal shock in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The effect of exposure to elevated temperatures (41-45 degrees C) on the repair of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks was measured in monolayer cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Prior exposure of cells to temperatures between 43 and 45 degrees C resulted in significant decreases in the rate of repair of DNA damage. Exposure to 45 degrees C for 15 min slowed the rate of DNA repair to 0.17 of the control repair rate. The To for inactivation of DNA repair was observed to be 34, 13 and 6 min at 43, 44 and 45 degrees C, respectively. Stepdown-heating (45 degrees C for 15 min followed by repair at 41 degrees C) resulted in greater inhibition of DNA repair (0.11 of the control rate) than was observed after acute heating alone. Repair at 41 degrees C was observed to proceed in unheated cells at a faster rate than at 37 degrees C. An Arrhenius analysis of the inactivation kinetics of DNA repair between 43 and 45 degrees C indicated an activation energy of 140 kcal mol-1 of protein for the inhibition of DNA repair. In general, the results were inconsistent with either a retardation of the DNA repair rate or an increase in unrepaired DNA lesions being responsible for heat-induced radiosensitization. PMID- 3494701 TI - High energy radiation effects in single histones. I. Preparation of histones and irradiation of histone H2B. AB - Histone H2B from calf thymus was irradiated with 50 or 100 ns pulses of 16 MeV electrons in N2O-saturated aqueous solution at pH 9 in the presence of NaN3. All tyrosine moieties in the histone were found to be freely accessible to the attack of .N3 radicals (formed by the reaction .OH + N3(-)----OH- + .N3). At sufficiently high concentrations of H2B, tyrosyl radicals were formed with G(TyrO.) = 5.4/100 eV and dityrosine groups with G(dityr) = 1.6/100 eV, indicating that about 60 per cent of tyrosyl radicals formed bisphenolic products. There is no polymer effect with respect to G(dityr) as inferred from comparison with other authors' data obtained with low molecular weight compounds. Kinetic measurements revealed that tyrosyl radicals reacted in two modes, a fast one with a value of tau 1/2 of about several milliseconds and a slow second order process also in the millisecond range. The fast process is assigned to intramolecular reactions of tyrosyl radicals generated in close proximity to each other and the slow process to intermolecular self reactions of isolated tyrosyl radicals distributed statistically in the solution. There is a polymer effect with respect to the rate constant of the slow process: 2k8 = 4.8 X 10(7) dm3 mol 1 s-1 (H2B) and 2k8 = 4 X 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1 (Lys-Tyr-Lys, Prutz et al. (1983)). The five histones contained in calf thymus were isolated chromatographically with the aid of two gels, Bio-Gel P-60 (BioRad) and Sephadex G100 (Pharmacia). PMID- 3494702 TI - Possible importance of PLD repair in the modulation of BrdUrd and IdUrd-mediated radiosensitization in plateau-phase C3H10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. AB - C3H10T1/2 mouse embryo cells exhibiting strong contact inhibition of growth at confluency were grown in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) or 5 iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) (0-1.2 microM) with daily refeeding and exposed to gamma rays (6 Gy) either in the logarithmic or the plateau phase of growth. Sensitization to radiation was observed in both growth states with increasing concentration of BrdUrd or IdUrd but the degree of sensitization achieved was lower for plateau-phase cells. Because the degree of [H3]BrdUrd incorporation was found to be similar in exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells, it is hypothesized that the radiosensitization caused by pyrimidine analogues may be affected by the physiological state of the cells at the time of irradiation. Delayed plating of plateau-phase cells (6 h) caused an increase in survival, indicating repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD). A greater increase in cell survival was observed in cells that had been grown in the presence of BrdUrd and IdUrd and it was found to increase with increasing concentrations. This analogue concentration dependent PLD repair activity resulted in an almost complete loss of the radiosensitizing effect in delayed plated plateau-phase cells up to a concentration of about 0.6 microM of BrdUrd and IdUrd. Both compounds, but especially BrdUrd, caused a relaxation in the mechanism of contact inhibition and led to higher cell densities in the plateau phase. The results suggest that repair and/or expression of PLD might be involved in the mechanism underlying BrdUrd and IdUrd-mediated radiosensitization and point out the potential importance of PLD repair in the modulation of the radiosensitizing effect of these compounds in their clinical application. PMID- 3494703 TI - Radioprotective effect of an acute non-specific inflammation in mice. AB - Protection against 8.7 Gy whole-body gamma-irradiation (lethal in 100 per cent of mice by 30 days) was observed in 90 per cent of mice bearing a one-day-old granuloma induced by polyacrylamide beads. When the inflammatory reaction was induced sooner or later a lower or null protection was obtained. A dose-effect relationship between the volume of injected beads and resulting radioprotection was established. The radioprotective effect depends only on the acute non specific inflammation since hydrocortisone acetate injected into mice before the beads abolished this protection. This inflammatory pattern led to a dose reduction factor of 1.36 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.05) for LD 50/30. A 90 per cent survival was observed in mice bearing a one-day-old granuloma when they were injected 1 h before 10 Gy with the granuloma acellular eluate (P less than 0.02 compared to a 50 per cent survival observed with polyacrylamide beads alone). Substances with a molecular weight higher than 300,000 are involved in the synergistic radioprotective effect of the granuloma-eluate association. PMID- 3494704 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on the linear and quadratic parameters of the radiation survival curve of mammalian cells: influence of thermotolerance. PMID- 3494705 TI - Tuberculosis in a children's hospital. PMID- 3494706 TI - BCG practice and perception. PMID- 3494707 TI - Geographical variations in unnecessary hospitalization of the elderly: the effects of local conditions. AB - Three hundred and fifty-three elderly patients hospitalized in acute-care general wards in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem were studied to check whether their continued hospitalization was medically justified. Of these, 53 (15%) were found not to be in need of acute hospital care, the proportion being significantly higher in Jerusalem (20%) than in Tel Aviv (12%). The major contribution to the overstays in Jerusalem was prolonged hospitalizations of patients in need of custodial care. There was also a significant association between physical and behavioral impairment and patient overstay in both cities. Our findings suggest that hospital overstays could be reduced by the creation of an intermediate level of care for patients with placement problems following acute hospitalization. PMID- 3494708 TI - In vitro effect of ethanol on cell-mediated cytotoxicity by murine spleen cells. AB - The effects of ethanol on murine spleen cell-mediated lysis have been studied. Concentrations of 5.5-176 mM ethanol produced progressive inhibition of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Binding of spleen cells to antibody sensitized target cells was not inhibited by comparable concentrations of ethanol. Kinetic analysis revealed decreased rates of lysis with increasing concentrations of ethanol. Changes of effector to target cell ratios revealed an inhibition of maximum lysis and decreased lytic efficiency in the presence of 88 mM ethanol. Preincubation experiments showed the inhibitory effect of ethanol to be reversible. Macrophage-depleted spleen cells appeared to be as susceptible to inhibition by ethanol as unfractionated spleen cells. Ethanol also inhibited natural killer and alloimmune cytotoxic T cell activity. The ADCC data were analysed by using a mathematical model which incorporates the kinetics of lysis, dose-response relationships, heterogeneity of the lytic effectors, reversibility of inhibition and ethanol loss during incubation. An inhibition constant (KI) of 373 mM-2 when two ethanol molecules interact with the site of inhibition was calculated. 50% inhibition of lysis is produced by 52 mM (0.24%) ethanol. The results are consistent with a model which assumes that lysis is due to a critical number of interactions which ultimately trigger the lytic event. Alcohol interferes with lysis by reacting with sites which are required for triggering the lytic event. Although the molecular details of the mechanism of inhibition are as yet undefined, we infer that ethanol inhibits ADCC at the programming for lysis or the lethal hit stages. PMID- 3494709 TI - Slow healing fractures: can they be prevented? (Results of electrical stimulation in fibular osteotomies in rats and in diaphyseal fractures of the tibia in humans). AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility of preventing delayed union in fractures by the use of low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). The study was conducted in two parts, both with control groups. Fibular osteotomies in rats and diaphyseal fractures of the tibia in humans were treated with and without electrical stimulation (PEMF). The rats were sacrificed on the 8th and 23rd days respectively in order to evaluate the histological picture of the repair callus and its mechanical resistance. In the human subjects, the clinical and radiological follow-up took into account various factors known to affect the rate of union in the various fracture groups. The results obtained suggest that PEMF stimulation is capable of accelerating and modulating the physiological process of union by its favourable effect on osteogenesis. PMID- 3494710 TI - Profile of patients requiring the use of epicardial pacing wires after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3494711 TI - An evaluation of the effectiveness of cardiac teaching during hospitalization. AB - This evaluation demonstrated that inpatient teaching programs can be effective for short-term outcomes. In this evaluation, patients readily learned information that prepared them to deal with postoperative experiences, that is, ambulation, exercise, resumption of sexual activity, and symptoms to report indicating lack of tolerance to such activities. Areas that showed limited knowledge gain were those that required long-term behavioral change, such as stress modification and dietary changes. These findings are particularly relevant when considered in the light of contemporary events in the payment environment. As lengths of stay decrease and acuity levels increase for hospitalized patients, inpatient teaching must be limited to what is possible and reasonable; that is, what is possible for the staff to teach during the short length of stay and what is reasonable for patients to learn given their acuity. This evaluation was conducted for decision making purposes about a specific cardiac teaching program. Although the evaluation met the purposes of the evaluators, some of the findings suggested possible research hypotheses. A tightly controlled research study should be conducted using the knowledge acquisition test in clinical settings and accounting for such variables as educational level, years of coronary artery disease, severity of illness, and age. Further study could also be undertaken to validate the finding that hospitalized patients learned priority information necessary for adequate functioning immediately after discharge. With regard to patient confidence level and actual behavior change, a study could be conducted to determine if there is a relationship between patients' reported confidence at discharge and their subsequent behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494712 TI - [Value of coronary endarterectomy in the therapeutic planning for severe diffuse coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3494713 TI - [Anticoagulants vs. low-dose aggregation inhibitors in the prevention of perioperative occlusion of aortocoronary bypass grafts. Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study]. PMID- 3494714 TI - Computer-operated microspectrofluorimetry to identify formaldehyde-induced fluorophores of biogenic monoamines and precursor substances in models and tissue sections. AB - By means of a histochemical reaction using formaldehyde vapour (Falck and Owman 1965), biogenic monoamines and precursor substances, i.e., L-DOPA, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine, may be converted into fluorophores with specific spectral characteristics, i.e., the emission spectrum, excitation spectrum and fading curve. The registration and correction of the spectral properties and changes induced by acidification with hydrochloric acid vapour or treatment with ammonia vapour, of these formaldehyde induced fluorophores, are performed by an automated microspectrofluorimeter, developed by modification of a Leitz MPV 2 system. This work deals with the instrumental configuration and certain methodological features in order to identify the fluorogenic biogenic monoamines and precursor substances in models and tissue sections. Registrations of excitation peak values, for the first time extended to a wavelength range from 240-460 nm, are discussed, which enable the calculation of peak ratio values 410/260, 380/320, 320/260 or 385/315, suitable as identification parameters for formaldehyde-induced fluorophores of biogenic monoamines and precursor amino acids. PMID- 3494715 TI - Histochemical study of calcium on T-tubule membranes and in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in frog twitch muscle fibres at rest and during activity. AB - The trigger calcium hypothesis of signal transmission between T-tubules and terminal cisternae (TC) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in twitch muscle fibres implies the presence of calcium along T-tubule membranes at rest and its release upon excitation. To test this hypothesis, calcium was immobilised using a fixing and precipitating solution of glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer at pH 8.0 and the calcium was substituted for by lead. Simultaneous tension recordings revealed the occurrence of contractions or a burst of twitches upon perfusion with the fixative. Procaine or tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used to inhibit this activity. In fibres without fixative-induced activity, precipitates were observed along T-tubules and in adjoining parts of TC. In activated fibres, tubular and TC precipitates were absent. These results are consistent with the trigger calcium hypothesis. In fibres activated by depolarisation, calcium returned to TC after passing successively through different parts of the SR. PMID- 3494716 TI - A novel HLA class II alloantigen detected by an alloantiserum TK2. AB - An alloantiserum, TK2, obtained from a kidney transplant patient, was investigated. TK2 reacted with B lymphocytes that had only one detectable DQ antigen. DQ "blank" homozygous cell lines were positive for TK2, but DQwl, DQw2, and DQw3 homozygous cell lines failed to react with TK2. Positive reactions for TK2 segregated with DQ "blank" haplotypes in the families studied. The reactivity of TK2 to B lymphocytes was strong, while its reactivity to monocytes was very weak. When TK2 was absorbed with DQ "blank" cells, it became unreactive to other lymphocytes. TK2 blocked the binding of an anti-DQ monoclonal antibody to DQ "blank" cells. It did not affect the binding of the antibody to DQw1 and DQw3 cells, nor did it affect the binding of an anti-DR monoclonal antibody to a DQ "blank" cell line. These findings suggest that TK2 can detect a new HLA class II alloantigen that corresponds to a DQ "blank" specificity. PMID- 3494717 TI - DQ beta sequences in HLA-DR4 haplotypes. AB - A cDNA clone encoding the entire mature DQ beta chain was isolated and sequenced from the DR4-Dw14 homozygous cell line, LS40. The sequence was compared with published DQ beta sequences from cells expressing DR4-DQw3, and found to be identical. The lack of DQ beta sequence polymorphism within this serotype (to date, DQ beta sequences have been derived from five cell lines comprising three Dw subtypes) adds to the data that suggest a recent evolutionary divergence of Dw subtypes within DR4-DQw3. PMID- 3494718 TI - Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between class II antigens (HLA-DP, DQ, and DR) in 14 haplotypes. AB - The specificity of three commonly used monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reacting with human class II histocompatibility antigens, was analyzed to determine whether these MoAbs would distinguish between HLA-DP, DQ, and DR in a large number of haplotypes. The reactivity of these MoAbs (L243, Anti-Leu 10, and B7/21) was compared by serial immunoprecipitation of class II antigens from 11 B cell lines. The cell lines examined expressed a total of five DP, three DQ, and nine DR types, which together represent most of the well-defined class II specificities. This is the first demonstration that one of these antibodies, B7/21. binds to at least five DP specificities, and does not bind to DR or DQ molecules as defined by reactivity with the two other MoAbs. Within the scope of these experiments, the B7/21 antibody was shown to react with a monomorphic DP determinant. A variant clone of the B7/21 hybridoma was isolated that secretes IgG1 antibody with the same specificity as the original IgG3 antibody. The two other antibodies studied have been previously shown to react with DR molecules (L243) or DQ molecules (Anti-Leu 10). Here, their lack of cross-reaction with DP molecules is demonstrated. Thus, each of the three MoAbs reacts exclusively with a distinct class II molecule in all haplotypes studied, and therefore should be useful for comparing the independent expression and function of DP, DQ, and DR molecules. PMID- 3494719 TI - Enhancement of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 releases by ubenimex. AB - The effect of ubenimex on the release of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) from immuno-competent cells was studied. Ubenimex enhanced release of IL-1 from mouse peritoneal macrophages at 1.0 and 100 micrograms/ml in vitro and the release at 1.0 microgram/ml was larger. When ubenimex was administered to mice IL 1-releasing activity of the peritoneal macrophages was enhanced 3 and 5 days after the administration but not enhanced 1 day after the administration. Ubenimex also enhanced IL-2 release from rat spleen cells at 0.1 and 10 micrograms/ml, when concanavalin A (Con A) was added in the IL-2-releasing system. The enhancement was still observed with mouse spleen cells, when serum was further added. Moreover, thymocyte-proliferating activity was attained in the broths which rat spleen cells were incubated with ubenimex from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml in the absence and presence of Con A. PMID- 3494720 TI - Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fifty-seven strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Amsterdam from 1978 to 1985. AB - The in-vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents were tested against 57 strains of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated in Amsterdam during an eight year period. The susceptibility patterns of the isolates from different years were compared. In the first four years more than 30% were beta-lactamase negative and showed MICs for tetracycline of 2 mg/l or less. From 1982 to 1985 all strains, except one, produced beta-lactamase and were tetracycline resistant. Furthermore, MICs for cefotaxime, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim increased. No changes were seen with cephradine, erythromycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, norfloxacin, pefloxacin or ciprofloxacin. PMID- 3494721 TI - Determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of beta-lactam antibiotics for Haemophilus influenzae: a problem. PMID- 3494722 TI - Comparative susceptibilities of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae to fifteen antibiotics. AB - Eighty-three isolates of ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae were tested for susceptibility to fifteen antibiotics by the agar dilution method. Fifty-four were from paediatric patients with H. influenzae disease and 29 from nasopharyngeal carriers (pre-school children). Twenty-five strains belonged to serotype b, one to serotype a, one to serotype c and the rest were non-typable. All strains produced beta-lactamase and inactivated chloramphenicol in a rapid bioassay, suggesting the production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The most active drugs were ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, latamoxef, aztreonam and desacetyl-cefotaxime (MIC90: 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively). Cefuroxime, rifampicin and imipenem (MIC90 1 mg/l), and the combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (MIC90 2:1 mg/l), also showed good activity. Cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and cotrimoxazole were the least active of the drugs studied. The excellent in vitro activity of the new beta-lactam agents against H. influenzae resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol offers a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of serious infections caused by these micro-organisms. PMID- 3494723 TI - Intraperitoneal penetration of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (Timentin). AB - Thirty-eight patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were given 3.0 g ticarcillin plus 0.2 g clavulanic acid as a single intravenous injection at varying times prior to the operation. Sterile assay discs were placed on the peritoneal surface in order to measure peritoneal fluid levels of each agent. Simultaneous serum levels were also measured. A total of 38 serum and peritoneal samples were analysed. There was rapid penetration of both agents into peritoneal fluid. The mean peritoneal fluid levels of ticarcillin were 70% (S.D. 13) of the serum level and 67% (S.D. 4) for clavulanic acid. The peritoneal levels of both agents declined in parallel to the serum levels (the half-lives being about 1 h) and the ratio of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid in serum and peritoneal fluid did not vary significantly with time. PMID- 3494724 TI - Amoxycillin/clavulanate in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - Twenty patients, all admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae or beta-lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis were treated twice daily for ten days with amoxycillin/clavulanate. Ten patients were first given 1000 mg amoxycillin with 200 mg potassium clavulanate intravenously bd for three days, before crossing to the standard oral regimen of 1000 mg amoxycillin + 250 mg potassium clavulanate bd. Clinical results on day 10 were excellent in 16/20 patients, but 14 patients developed recurrences or reinfections within a week of the end-of-treatment, five of them with beta-lactamase producing B. catarrhalis. Bacteriological and kinetic studies showed that the branhamella beta-lactamases were inhibited by 0.25 mg/l clavulanic acid and that the mean sputum concentration of clavulanic acid was 0.16 mg/l, that of amoxycillin being 0.92 mg/l. The importance of the follow-up of such infections is stressed. PMID- 3494725 TI - Comparison of 2 g single dose of metronidazole, nimorazole and tinidazole in the treatment of vaginitis associated with Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Vaginitis associated with the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis (confirmed by culture) was treated either with metronidazole or with one of the two nitroimidazole derivatives; nimorazole or tinidazole, as a single oral 2 g dose. Eighty-two patients were treated with metronidazole, 100 with nimorazole and 98 with tinidazole. The cure rates were 79%, 88% and 92% with metronidazole, nimorazole and tinidazole respectively. Therefore we recommend a single dose of 2 g of any of these three drugs in the treatment of such infection. PMID- 3494726 TI - Relation between complement activation and susceptibility to decompression sickness. AB - The consequences of complement activation and the symptoms of decompression sickness are similar. Consequently, the relation between the sensitivity of individuals to complement activation by air bubbles and their susceptibility to decompression sickness has been examined. Plasma samples from 34 individuals were incubated with air bubbles, and the concentration of the fluid phase metabolites of complement activation C3a, C4a, and C5a were measured with radioimmunoassays. It was found that both the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a were produced by the presence of air bubbles but that the anaphylatoxin C4a was not. This finding indicates that air bubbles activate the complement system by the alternate pathway. One group of individuals was found to be particularly sensitive to complement activation by this pathway. They produced 3.3 times more C3a and 5.3 times more C5a in their plasma samples incubated with air bubbles as did the other group. Sixteen individuals were subjected to a series of pressure profiles that were severe enough to produce bubbles in their circulatory system that could be detected by Doppler ultrasonic monitoring. The group of individuals that had been identified as being more sensitive to complement activation by the alternate pathway was also found to be more susceptible to decompression sickness. PMID- 3494727 TI - Accessory cell requirements in mitogen-induced rabbit T lymphocyte proliferation in an improved tissue culture system. AB - The impact of an improved culture medium (IMDM+), consisting of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with albumin, transferrin, insulin, zinc, 2 mercapthoethanel, and 0.1% fetal bovine serum was investigated in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced rabbit T cell proliferation. At the number of 2 X 10(5) cells/well purified T lymphocytes cultured in IMDM+ responded 3 to 10 times better than lymphocytes cultured in serum-supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. In these conditions, PHA-induced proliferation seemed not to require the presence of accessory cells. However, at lower cell numbers, T cell proliferation was more efficient when calculated on a per cell basis. At these low cell numbers, optimal proliferation required accessory cells like macrophages or dendritic cells. The apparent absence of this requirement for accessory cells at high T cell concentrations may be explained by the contribution of contaminating macrophages and dendritic cells in the purified T cell fractions. PMID- 3494728 TI - Sacroiliitis: difficulties in the radiographic diagnosis. Advantage of CT? Preliminary report. PMID- 3494729 TI - Multiple kinases and signal transduction. Phosphorylation of the T cell antigen receptor complex. AB - Multiple kinases interact at the multicomponent murine T cell antigen receptor. Antigen induces serine phosphorylation of the 21-kDa gamma glycoprotein and tyrosine phosphorylation of p21, a distinct 21-kDa chain. We demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation is due to kinase activation, and that all phosphorylated p21 is associated with the antigen receptor. We also show that antigen leads to polyphosphoinositide metabolism and subsequent protein kinase C activation. The two phosphorylation events can be dissociated by protein kinase C depletion, which eliminates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced serine but not tyrosine phosphorylation. Activation of a third kinase, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, inhibits both serine and tyrosine events, yet this inhibition can be modulated by addition of the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate. Receptor-mediated signal transduction may be understood as the interaction of multiple stimulatory and inhibitory kinase activities. PMID- 3494730 TI - Induction of metallothionein synthesis in Menkes' and normal lymphoblastoid cells is controlled by the level of intracellular copper. AB - A study was carried out on the uptake of copper, zinc, or cadmium ions and their induction of metallothionein synthesis in Menkes' and normal lymphoblastoid cells. The main difference between Menkes' and normal cells in the uptake of these metal ions was an increased uptake of copper ions in Menkes' cells at a low concentration of CuCl2 (2.1 microM). The CuCl2 concentration necessary to induce metallothionein synthesis in Menkes' cells was 50 microM, whereas that in normal cells was about 200 microM. The levels of zinc or cadmium ions needed to induce metallothionein in Menkes' cells were similar to those in normal cells. At least four isomers of metallothionein were induced by copper, zinc, and cadmium ions in both types of cells. Metallothionein synthesis in Menkes' and normal cells was induced when the amounts of intracellular copper reached a threshold level of approximately 0.2 nmol/10(6) cells, and the rate of metallothionein synthesis in these cells was increased as a function of the amounts of intracellular copper (0.2-1.7 nmol/10(6) cells). These results indicate that the induction of metallothionein synthesis in lymphoblastoid cells is controlled by the level of intracellular copper, suggesting that the major defect in Menkes' cells is not due to the abnormal regulation of metallothionein synthesis but to an alteration of the copper metabolism in cells by which the levels of intracellular copper become larger than those in normal cells and just lower than the threshold level for induction of metallothionein synthesis. PMID- 3494731 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptor synthesis is stimulated by phorbol ester and epidermal growth factor. Evidence for a common mechanism. AB - Previously, we and others have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the synthesis of its own receptor and the accumulation of EGF receptor mRNA. Here, we demonstrate that the tumor promotor, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA), like EGF, also stimulates receptor synthesis in the human breast carcinoma cell line, MDA468 cells. The receptor synthesis rate increased 5-fold with a peak at 8 h after exposure to TPA with half-maximal stimulation at a dose of 5 ng/ml TPA. This stimulation of receptor synthesis occurred despite a 30% decrease in general cellular protein synthesis. The increased receptor synthesis rate resulted in the accumulation of 60% more receptor protein as determined by quantitative immunoblotting using a newly developed monoclonal antibody, H9B4. Although TPA treatment resulted in an immediate loss of high affinity EGF-binding sites, the long-term effect was an increase in both the low and high affinity binding sites. The effects of EGF and TPA on receptor synthesis were not additive. Furthermore, down-regulation of protein kinase C (the Ca2+/phospholipid dependent enzyme) by long-term TPA treatment resulted in cells unable to respond to the stimulatory effects of both TPA and EGF on receptor synthesis. Nevertheless, the TPA-pretreated cells were still growth-inhibited by EGF. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of EGF on receptor synthesis requires protein kinase C, whereas the inhibitory effect of EGF on the proliferation of these cells does not. Although we confirmed that EGF stimulated the incorporation of phosphate into phosphatidylinositol in A431 cells, it failed to do so in the MDA468 cells. Thus, in MDA468 cells, EGF may require protein kinase C for part of its action, but we could not demonstrate an associated activation of phosphatidylinositol turnover by EGF. The exact mechanism of involvement of protein kinase C in EGF action is still not clear. PMID- 3494732 TI - The effect of low-voltage electric therapy on the healing of resistant skin burns. PMID- 3494733 TI - Electric field-induced redistribution and postfield relaxation of epidermal growth factor receptors on A431 cells. AB - The lateral mobility of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in the plane of the plasma membrane of cultured A431 cells was investigated using direct and indirect fluorescent probes to measure the generation and relaxation of electric field-induced receptor asymmetry. A steady electric field of 15 V/cm for 30 min at 23 degrees C induced a redistribution of the unoccupied EGF receptor such that there was approximately a three-fold higher concentration of receptors at the cathode-facing pole. After termination of the field, the unoccupied receptors back diffused at 37 degrees C with a rate corresponding to a diffusion coefficient of 2.6-3.5 X 10(-10) cm2/s. No diffusion was detected at 4 degrees C. Formation of the hormone-receptor complex is known to induce receptor clustering and internalization. By inhibiting internalization with metabolic poisons, we were able to study the cell surface mobility of clusters of the hormone-receptor complex. The same degree of asymmetry was induced when the occupied receptor was exposed to an electric field and the rate of back diffusion of clusters of the hormone-receptor complex corresponded to a diffusion coefficient of 0.68-0.95 X 10(-10) cm2/s. Although the unoccupied receptor is somewhat more mobile than the hormone-receptor complex, it was still far less mobile than one would predict for an unconstrained protein imbedded in a phospholipid bilayer. PMID- 3494734 TI - Composition of the von Willebrand factor storage organelle (Weibel-Palade body) isolated from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AB - von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large, adhesive glycoprotein that is biosynthesized and secreted by cultured endothelial cells (EC). Although these cells constitutively release VWF, they also contain a storage pool of this protein that can be rapidly mobilized. In this study, a dense organelle fraction was isolated from cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells by centrifugation on a self-generated Percoll gradient. Stimulation of EC by 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) resulted in the disappearance of this organelle fraction and the synchronous loss of Weibel-Palade bodies as judged by immunoelectron microscopy. Electrophoretic and serologic analyses of biosynthetically labeled dense organelle fraction revealed that it is comprised almost exclusively of VWF and its cleaved pro sequence. These two polypeptides were similarly localized exclusively to Weibel-Palade bodies by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. The identity of the dense organelle as the Weibel-Palade body was further established by direct morphological examination of the dense organelle fraction. The VWF derived from this organelle is distributed among unusually high molecular weight multimers composed of fully processed monomeric subunits and is rapidly and quantitatively secreted in unmodified form after PMA stimulation. These studies: establish that the Weibel-Palade body is the endothelial-specific storage organelle for regulated VWF secretion; demonstrate that in cultured EC, the VWF concentrated in secretory organelles is of unusually high molecular weight and that this material may be rapidly mobilized in unmodified form; imply that proteolytic processing of VWF involved in regulated secretion takes place after translocation to the secretory organelle; provide a basis for further studies of intracellular protein trafficking in EC. PMID- 3494735 TI - The calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte culture: studies of the C propeptide of type II collagen (chondrocalcin). AB - We have shown that when chondrocytes are isolated by collagenase digestion of hyaline cartilage from growth plate, nasal, and epiphyseal cartilages of bovine fetuses they rapidly elaborate an extracellular matrix in culture. Only growth plate chondrocytes can calcify this matrix as ascertained by incorporation of 45Ca2+, detection of mineral with von Kossa's stain and electron microscopy. There is an extremely close direct correlation between 45Ca2+ incorporation in the first 24 h of culture and the content of the C-propeptide of type II collagen, measured by radioimmunoassay, at the time of isolation and during culture. Moreover, growth plate cells have an increased intracellular content of the C-propeptide per deoxyribonucleic acid and, during culture, per hydroxyproline (as a measure of helical collagen) compared with nasal and epiphyseal chondrocytes. In growth plate chondrocytes 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-[OH]2D3), but not 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol alone, stimulates the net synthesis of the C-propeptide and calcification; proteoglycan net synthesis is unaffected. Together, these metabolites of vitamin D further stimulate C-propeptide net synthesis but do not further increase calcification stimulated by 24,25-(OH)2D3. These observations further demonstrate the close correlation between the C-propeptide of type II collagen and the calcification of cartilage matrix. PMID- 3494736 TI - 2-Mercaptoethanol acts at the restricted stage of interleukin-2 dependent lymphocyte proliferation. AB - An interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent murine cell line (TN-9) which could be grown continuously with the crude culture supernatant of concanavaline A-stimulated rat or mouse spleen cells could not synthesize DNA in the culture medium supplemented with partially purified or recombinant IL-2. The cell growth was restored by adding another factor obtained from the same crude culture supernatant. This factor, physicochemically inseparable from serum albumin, was also obtained from the culture medium added with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hr without the cells. By the experiments using semi-synchronized cell population, it was demonstrated that 2-ME or 2-ME carrying protein acted at the restricted process(es) of cell proliferation which occurred between IL-2 acting stage and the initiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 3494737 TI - Inhibition of T-lymphocyte activation by amiloride. AB - The T-lymphocyte activation process involves a series of coordinately coupled biochemical events occurring in response to antigen or mitogen. These events have not been completely characterized. The present studies investigate the mechanism of protein synthesis during the initial phase of T-cell activation. Among the early biochemical changes, induction of protein synthesis was observed as early as 10 minutes after mitogen stimulation of T-lymphocytes. This early protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide but was insensitive to actinomycin-D, indicating the presence of preformed mRNA in resting lymphocytes. Since early protein synthesis parallels the increase in protein kinase C activity in activated T-lymphocytes, these two biochemical events may be related. In the present report, amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ antiport and protein kinase C, significantly inhibited [3H]leucine and [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose dependent manner into phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, when T-lymphocytes were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, a known activator of protein kinase C, a similar inhibition of protein and DNA synthesis by amiloride was observed. The partially purified cytosol fraction isolated from PHA-activated T-lymphocytes showed a 75% decrease in protein kinase C-mediated [32P] incorporation from ATP in the presence of 100 microM amiloride. These results suggest that the T-cell activation process following exposure to mitogens involves early protein synthesis, which may be mediated by protein kinase C. PMID- 3494738 TI - Determination of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of pirprofen in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to determine the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of pirprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug. After addition of an internal standard, the plasma sample was brought onto a glass column pre-packed with silica and eluted with dichloromethane. The extracts were derivatized with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and R (+)-1-methylbenzylamine to form the two diastereomeric amides. The diastereoisomers were separated on a chiral column by HPLC with ultraviolet detection at 272 nm using n-hexane dichloromethane (64:36, v/v) as the mobile phase. The limit of quantitation was 0.992 mumol/l (0.25 microgram/ml) for each enantiomer. PMID- 3494739 TI - Rapid method for the determination of either plasma sulphapyridine or sulphamethoxazole and their acetyl metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3494740 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 9-(1,3 dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine in human plasma. PMID- 3494741 TI - Human bone marrow-derived IgA is produced by IgA-committed B cells in vitro. AB - Although human bone marrow has been implicated in the production of serum immunoglobulins, little information is available concerning the kinetics of antibody production (primary- or secondary-type humoral response) or the cells that are responsible for antibody production in human bone marrow. In this study, the kinetics of and cells responsible for antibody production in the bone marrow were investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated that human bone marrow mononuclear cells secrete a significant amount of IgA in vitro. This finding led to the focus of the present investigation on bone marrow IgA production. The results reported here demonstrate that IgA was synthesized de novo in cultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells; its peak concentration in the culture supernatants preceded that of IgM; its production was totally inhibited by the addition of microgram quantities of anti-alpha-chain antiserum, while milligram quantities of anti-mu-chain antiserum were required for even partial inhibition of IgA production; and the culture of isolated IgA-bearing cells resulted in a greater than 13-fold increase in IgA concentration in the culture supernatants as compared with those from unseparated bone marrow mononuclear cells. From this study, it was concluded that bone marrow produces IgA as a secondary or anamnestic response to some undetermined stimulus and that IgA-committed B cells residing in, although probably not stimulated in, the bone marrow compartment were responsible for the IgA synthesis and secretion in vitro. PMID- 3494742 TI - Phenotypical and functional analysis of B lymphocytes of two siblings with combined immunodeficiency and defective expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens on mononuclear cells. AB - Phenotypic and functional analysis of B lymphocytes in two siblings with combined immunodeficiency associated with defective expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on mononuclear cells is described. The results of the analysis of the membrane phenotype of the B cells performed at the age of 1 and 5 years, respectively, by the use of monoclonal antibodies against class I (HLA-A, -B, -C) and class II (HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ) MHC antigens showed a decreased expression of class I antigens and a complete lack of class II antigens. Class I antigen expression consistently remained of the same magnitude during follow-up. Class II antigen expression remarkably had been positive early in life on B cells and activated T cells, whereas monocytes were negative for class II from birth onward. B lymphocytes of both patients responded in vitro to polyclonal activation with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I staphylococci (SAC) with the production of IgM-type immunoglobulins only. This neonatal type of response was in agreement with the membrane immunoglobulin phenotype of the B cells since a high sIgM/sIgD ratio characteristic of neonatal B cells was present. However, the expression of the FMC7 antigen on B cells of both patients was comparable to that on B cells of normal adults. We hypothesized that the lack of MHC antigen expression may impose a resting state on the lymphocytes in these patients due to ineffective cellular interactions. In this view the high sIgM/sIgD ratio reflects the activation state of the B cells rather than the maturational state of the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494743 TI - Factors affecting antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium species. AB - Fifteen clinical isolates of Fusobacterium species were studied to determine their quality of growth on five agar media, their susceptibility to penicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime, the inoculum effect, and the presence of L forms and beta-lactamase. Wilkins-Chalgren agar supported confluent growth best, but Fusobacterium nucleatum exhibited poor growth on all agar media. Most isolates exhibited poor reproducibility of MIC results with repeated agar dilution testing. However, most isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics at the breakpoint concentrations. No inoculum effect was observed, but preparation of an inoculum at a 0.5 McFarland nephelometric standard produced a lower than expected number of CFU (10(6) CFU) in some isolates. L forms were frequently seen. No beta-lactamase was found. The variability in MICs seen with beta-lactam antibiotics was not found when clindamycin was tested. MIC studies with Fusobacterium spp. may be complicated by poor growth on agar media, poor reproducibility, and small inoculum size. PMID- 3494744 TI - Immunospecific T-lymphocyte stimulation by membrane proteins from Francisella tularensis. AB - Membranes from a capsule-deficient mutant of the live-vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis LVS) were treated with N-lauroyl sarcosinate (Sarkosyl; CIBA-GEIGY Corp., Summit, N.J.). When the Sarkosyl insoluble fraction was heated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several polypeptides were distinguished. Four major polypeptides were eluted from the gel, each of which stimulated lymphocytes from tularemia vaccinated individuals but not from nonvaccinated individuals. The stimulation occurred mainly in T lymphocytes. Radioactive labeling of surface proteins of the capsule-deficient bacteria indicated that at least two of the four polypeptides originated from outer membrane proteins. The results suggest that several membrane proteins of F. tularensis LVS induce a specific T-lymphocyte response. PMID- 3494745 TI - Influence of growth medium and supplement on growth of Haemophilus influenzae and on antibacterial activity of several antibiotics. AB - In the present study, five non-beta-lactamase- and five beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae were used to determine whether three different growth media, Mueller-Hinton broth and agar, brain heart infusion broth and agar, and tryptic soy broth and agar, and their added supplements (0.2% hemin-0.1% IsoVitaleX, 1% hemin-1% IsoVitaleX, 2% sheep blood, 10% Fildes enrichment, 5% Fildes enrichment, 1% supplement B, 5% horse erythrocytes, and 2% hemoglobin-1% IsoVitaleX) would influence the growth rate of this microorganism and the antibacterial activity of eight antibiotics, including ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, cefamandole, erythromycin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and cefoperazone. The growth curve studies were carried out with an initial inoculum of 10(4) bacteria per ml, and MICs were determined with an inoculum of 5 X 10(5) microorganisms. Mueller-Hinton broth, brain heart infusion broth, and tryptic soy broth enriched with 5% Fildes resulted in a maximal growth of more than 10(8) CFU/ml at 24 h. When 10% Fildes or 2% sheep blood was added as enrichment to Mueller-Hinton broth, a considerable reduction in the growth rate of H. influenzae strains resulted (P less than 0.01). Significant variations in MICs (P less than 0.01) were observed with chloramphenicol, TMP-SMX, erythromycin, and cefoperazone when brain heart infusion agar, Mueller-Hinton agar, or tryptic soy agar was used. Chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, and TMP-SMX were all affected by the different enrichments added to Mueller-Hinton agar. MICs were in general higher with 5% Fildes enrichment and lower with 1% supplement B. Cefoperazone was the only drug which exhibited a lower MIC in 5% Fildes enrichment for ampicillin resistant H. influenzae strains. PMID- 3494746 TI - Development of an immunoglobulin A-specific anti-Haemophilus influenzae antibody assay for detection of antibody in human mucosal secretions. AB - A micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of immunoglobulin A specific anti-Haemophilus influenzae antibody is described and characterized. It had a sensitivity of 27 ng/ml, which is appropriate to detect antibody levels in normal saliva. Specificity for H. influenzae was achieved with the H1H2 group of antigens. Absorption studies for a range of bacteria showed little cross reactivity, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Absorption studies involving various antigen preparations obtained from H. influenzae indicated that the H1H2 antigen group included significant amounts of surface antigen. An analysis of saliva from normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive lung disease showed significant differences in levels of antibody, highlighting the potential value of the assay. PMID- 3494747 TI - Demyelination and neurological signs in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Because of the reported absence of demyelination in some animals with neurological signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), it has been suggested that these signs are not due to demyelination. The present study demonstrates that there is ample demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) to account for the neurological signs in rats with myelin basic protein (MBP)-induced acute EAE as well as in rats and rabbits with whole-spinal-cord-induced acute EAE. The main reasons for failure to detect demyelination in animals with neurological signs of EAE appear to be inadequate histological techniques and incomplete examination of the nervous system, particularly the PNS and the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal segments of the spinal cord. PMID- 3494748 TI - Interaction of mouse macrophage elastase with native and oxidized human alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. AB - Native and oxidized alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were compared as substrates for the metalloproteinase macrophage elastase. At substrate concentrations at which native alpha 1-PI was readily degraded by macrophage elastase, oxidized alpha 1-PI was hardly degraded at all. Incubation of macrophage elastase with oxidized alpha 1-PI before the addition of native alpha 1-PI showed that oxidized alpha 1-PI was not an inhibitor of macrophage elastase. Competition experiments with up to twofold excess oxidized alpha 1-PI did not interfere with the degradation of native alpha 1-PI by macrophage elastase. Sequence analysis of amino acids in degraded native alpha 1-PI showed that macrophage elastase attacked a single peptide bond between Pro-357 and Met-358, the latter representing the P1 reactive-site residue of alpha 1-PI. In oxidized alpha 1-PI, Met-358 was converted to methionine sulfoxide and macrophage elastase hydrolyzed the bond between Phe-352 and Leu-353. These data suggest that methionine may be the primary cleavage site for macrophage elastase and not leucine, as previously thought. PMID- 3494749 TI - Relation between geometric dimensions of coronary artery stenoses and myocardial perfusion reserve in man. AB - To determine the relation between stenosis anatomy and perfusion in man, 31 patients had quantitative coronary arteriography and positron imaging (PET) with Rb-82 or N-13 ammonia at rest and after dipyridamole-handgrip stress. 10 patients were also studied after angioplasty (total stenoses = 41). Percent narrowing and absolute cross-sectional luminal area were related through a quadratic function to myocardial perfusion reserve determined with PET. Arteriographically determined coronary flow reserve was linearly related to relative myocardial perfusion reserve as expected, based on the derivation of equations for stenosis flow reserve. All of the correlations had considerable scatter, indicating that no single measurement derived by coronary arteriography was a good indicator of perfusion reserve by PET in individual patients. This study provides the relation between all anatomic dimensions of coronary artery stenoses and myocardial perfusion reserve in man, and suggests that PET indicates the functional significance of coronary artery stenoses for clinical purposes. PMID- 3494750 TI - Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase activity after stimulation of human T cell antigen receptor. AB - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3), a Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, can be phosphorylated by a cytoplasmic kinase, yielding inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4,5-P3). We observed that stimulation of the antigen receptor on a malignant human T cell line, Jurkat, led to substantial, sustained increases in Ins-1,4,5-P3 and InsP4. The Ins-1,4,5-P3 kinase partially purified from resting Jurkat cells had a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 0.09 nmol/min/mg protein and an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.2 microM. When the kinase was partially purified 10 min after stimulation of the antigen receptor or after the addition of phorbol myristate acetate, the Vmax was increased twofold. The activity of the Ins-1,4,5-P3 kinase obtained from either resting or stimulated Jurkat cells was enhanced in vitro by increasing the concentration of free Ca2+ from 0.1 to 0.5 microM. These results indicate that the activity of the Ins-1,4,5 P3 kinase is regulated as a consequence of stimulating the T cell antigen receptor. PMID- 3494751 TI - Structural features of the terminal loop region of frog retinal rod outer segment disk membranes: I. Organization of lipid components. AB - We have applied thin sectioning and freeze-fracture techniques to investigate the terminal loop structure of photoreceptive disks in frog retinal rod outer segments. Our studies of this region demonstrate a highly curved terminal loop bilayer that is continuous with both lamellar bilayers of the disk, and equivalent to them in dimensions and staining properties. Rhodopsin, however, appears to be excluded from this region of high curvature. PMID- 3494752 TI - Structural features of the terminal loop region of frog retinal rod outer segment disk membranes: III. Implications of the terminal loop complex for disk morphogenesis, membrane fusion, and cell surface interactions. AB - The perimeter of rod outer segment (ROS) disks displays a two-dimensional lattice of components referred to as the terminal loop complex (Corless, Fetter, Zampighi, Costello, and Wall-Buford: J. Comp. Neurol. 257:9-23, '87b). We take the view that this pattern of structural organization reflects the mechanism(s) whereby the disk perimeter is defined and constructed. Herein we develop and partially evaluate a generalized template mechanism of disk perimeter development, to account for the structure and the axial alignment of both marginal and incisural domains. Components of the terminal loop complex are conceived as the morphogens that determine the location and guide the differentiation of the disk perimeter. Briefly, we postulate that transmembranous components of the terminal loop complex are present within the reflection of plasmalemma that forms the base of the rod outer segment. These components interact with the cytoplasmic template provided by the perimeter lattice present along the lower surface of the most basal disk, thereby propagating the lattice and creating an extracellular template. The latter is then available to interact with corresponding elements distributed within the apical surface of the adjacent disk precursor evagination. The progressive interaction and alignment of these extracellular domains form the scaffolding that guides the restructuring of the plasmalemma, to form the mature disk margin topology. Successive repetitions of this process are seen to produce an axial stacking of disks whose perimeters are aligned and ensheathed by a two-dimensional net. PMID- 3494753 TI - Amino acid distribution and metabolism in pituitary adenomas using positron emission tomography with D-[11C]methionine and L-[11C]methionine. AB - Four patients with hormonally inactive pituitary adenomas were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) after injection, during different examinations, of L-[methyl-11C]methionine and D-[methyl-11C]methionine, respectively. After the rapid distribution phase, the enantiomer L [11C]methionine, which is metabolically active, showed a considerable continuous irreversible trapping attributed to amino acid metabolism. The stereoisomer D [11C]methionine, which does not participate in protein synthesis, showed a rapid distribution within the whole adenoma tissue, with a distribution space on the order of 100%. A minimal irreversible trapping was observed which could be explained by technical factors. It is concluded that PET using the two enantiomers allows a separation of passive distribution and metabolism, and that L-[11C]methionine can be used for in vivo quantitative studies of amino acid metabolism of pituitary adenomas. PMID- 3494754 TI - Differential diagnosis in dementia using the cerebral blood flow agent 99mTc HM PAO: a SPECT study. AB - One of the potential clinical uses of the new cerebral blood flow agent 99mTc hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (HM-PAO) is the investigation of dementia, in particular to differentiate between dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and multiinfarct dementia (MID). In this study 27 patients, 17 with DAT and 10 with MID, and three normal volunteers were imaged both with single photon emission CT and magnetic resonance. The HM-PAO perfusion deficits were much more common in the DAT group than in the MID group, especially in the temporoparietooccipital (TPO) regions. The two groups of patients were found to be significantly different (p less than 0.02), as regards the frequency of occurrence of bilateral TPO perfusion deficits. Four of the 17 DAT patients did not have bilateral TPO deficits but these included the three least impaired patients as assessed by psychometric testing. PMID- 3494755 TI - The scope of rape: incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. PMID- 3494756 TI - Coronary artery disease and coronary bypass grafting in young men: experience with 138 subjects 39 years of age and younger. AB - One hundred thirty-eight men aged less than or equal to 39 years had coronary bypass grafting during a 13 year period. Angina was the presenting symptom in 77% and of these patients, one-third had unstable angina. More than half of the patients had experienced at least one myocardial infarct. There was a high incidence of coronary risk factors, especially smoking. Nineteen patients (13.8%) had left main coronary artery stenosis (it was isolated in two); 13.8, 24.6 and 60.2% had single, double and triple vessel disease, respectively. Left ventriculograms showed serious functional impairment in 42%. A total of 461 coronary bypass grafts, 3.34 per patient, were placed; almost all were vein grafts. There were no operative deaths. Transmural myocardial infarction occurred in 4.3% of patients. All bypass grafts were opacified angiographically early after operation, 95% at 1 year, 56% at 5 years and 26% at 10 years after operation. Some patients also had coronary angiograms, dictated by clinical events, between 1 and 5 and between 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Patency rates for bypass grafts were comparable with those previously reported and were acceptable, although they decreased with time. However, increasing evidence of atherosclerosis of bypass grafts was seen beyond 1 year, particularly beyond 5 years. Of 23 subjects with a coronary bypass reoperation, 2 died and 44% had perioperative transmural myocardial infarction. During follow-up, 13.8% of the patients died, survival being 95, 84 and 76% at 5, 10 and 12 years, respectively. It is considered that the patients were advantageously treated with coronary bypass grafting especially in the short-term. However, bypass graft patency steadily decreased with the passage of time and graft atherosclerosis became an increasingly important problem. PMID- 3494757 TI - Sensitization of T lymphocytes to thyroid antigen in autoimmune thyroid disease as demonstrated by the monocyte procoagulant activity test. AB - Monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) production has been reported to have a close relation to cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and the collaboration of T lymphocytes is necessary to induce PCA. Antigen-specific sensitization of lymphocytes in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has been demonstrated by means of the production of cell-bound PCA by monocytes following antigen stimulation of whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). These cells, obtained from both normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, produced significant amounts of PCA with non-specific lectin, concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that Con A stimulated T cells induced monocyte PCA nonspecifically. Peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases produced significantly greater amounts of PCA than PBM from normal subjects when stimulated with solubilized and IgG-free thyroid antigen. On the other hand, liver antigen did not induce significant amounts of PCA production in PBM from either normal subjects or patients. Significantly larger amounts of PCA were produced by PBM from patients following thyroid antigen stimulation than with liver antigen stimulation. Although monocytes were the major source of PCA, T cells were necessary to induce PCA in monocytes with thyroid antigen and Con A stimulation. Elimination of lymphocyte subsets in PBM from patients by negative selection (using monoclonal antibodies and complement) suggested that the collaboration of T lymphocytes, especially helper/inducer (T4+) T cells, was necessary to produce PCA with thyroid antigen stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494758 TI - Failure of H2 blocker therapy in a case of hemorrhage from a Meckel's diverticulum. PMID- 3494759 TI - Brugia pahangi in nude mice: protective immunity to infective larvae is Thy 1.2+ cell dependent and cyclosporin A resistant. AB - Mechanisms of protective immunity to larvae of Brugia pahangi were studied in congenitally athymic nude C3H/HeN mice and their syngeneic heterozygous littermates. An average 11% of subcutaneous larval inocula was recovered from control nudes 28 days after inoculation. No worms were recovered from nude recipients of viable splenic Thy 1.2+ T lymphocytes from heterozygotes which had killed a priming dose of B. pahangi larvae. Primed T lymphocytes, depleted of either Lyt 1.1+ or Lyt 2.1+ cells or incubated with anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody and complement, failed to protect nude mice against a larval challenge. Nor were primed B lymphocytes depleted by Thy 1.2+ T cell contaminants protective. Treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) did not increase the numbers of worms recovered from heterozygotes nor did CsA treatment of heterozygous cell donors abolish the ability of primed Thy 1.2+ T lymphocytes to transfer protection to nude mice. IgG but not IgM antibody titres to B. pahangi antigens were depressed in all CsA-treated mice. CsA treatment of nude mice had no direct effect upon development of B. pahangi larvae. These results show that protective immunity to larvae of B. pahangi in mice depends upon small numbers of Thy 1.2+ T cells which are CsA-resistant. PMID- 3494760 TI - Cytotoxic T-cell responses to the nucleocapsid proteins of HBV in chronic hepatitis. Evidence that antibody modulation may cause protracted infection. AB - The nucleocapsid antigens (HBc and HBe) are present on the membranes of HBV infected hepatocytes from HBV carriers. In autologous cytotoxicity experiments we demonstrate that cytotoxic T cells sensitised to the nucleocapsid proteins of hepatitis B are present in HBe antigen-positive HBV carriers with chronic hepatitis and can be blocked by monoclonal anti-HBc and anti-HBe. Passive immunisation of chimpanzees with monoclonal anti-HBc and anti-HBe offers no protection against HBV infection but in both cases leads to an unusually prolonged hepatitis probably by modulation of HBc and HBe antigen display on the hepatocytes. High-titre anti-HBc in the circulation of HBe antigen-positive patients probably modulates the former protein making HBe the important target antigen for cytotoxic T cells mediating liver damage in chronic carriers. These data also support the hypothesis that passive transfer of IgG anti-HBc across the placenta may be one major factor promoting development of persistent infection in neonates infected from carrier mothers. PMID- 3494761 TI - Reversal of adrenaline-induced increase in azygos blood flow in patients with cirrhosis receiving propranolol. AB - In patients with cirrhosis, endogenous catecholamines may influence the circulatory effects of propranolol. We intended to evaluate the interaction of adrenaline and propranolol on azygos blood flow, an estimate of blood flow in the superior portosystemic collateral circulation. We investigated 6 patients with cirrhosis, 5 with good liver function, receiving an intravenous infusion of adrenaline (50 ng/kg/min) before and after administration of propranolol. The median value for baseline azygos blood flow was increased from 700 ml/min (range 340-1 470 ml/min) to 1 050 (range 570-1 840 ml/min) with adrenaline alone (P less than 0.05), and decreased to 610 ml/min (range 260-1 190 ml/min) with propranolol alone (P less than 0.05). The infusion of adrenaline given after propranolol further reduced azygos blood flow to a median value of 530 ml/min (range 200-730 ml/min) (P less than 0.05). Thus, following beta-adrenergic blockade, there is a reversal of the effects of adrenaline on azygos blood flow, which corresponds to a potentiation of the effects of propranolol. Similar endogenous adrenaline propranolol interactions may play a role in preventing recurrent variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 3494762 TI - Reliability of endoscopy in the assessment of variceal features. The Italian Liver Cirrhosis Project. AB - In order to evaluate the reliability of the endoscopic assessment of variceal features, 6 skilled endoscopists separately examined 28 patients with liver cirrhosis and varices. Definitions of variceal features were set up on the basis of the classification of the Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension. A new item, i.e. oesophageal lumen occupancy, and a semiquantitative rating system of endoscopic findings were introduced. Beyond chance agreement (Kappa index) was poor on the assessment of the extension of blue colour (0.33) and prevalence of cherry red spots or red weal marking (0.17) whereas was fair to good (0.40-0.66; P less than 10(-5)) on the following: location, size, lumen occupancy, presence of blue colour, presence and extension of red colour sign, haematocystic spot. We conclude that the endoscopic assessment of oesophageal varices based on these features is reliable; their prognostic value as predictors of bleeding risk should be prospectively assessed. PMID- 3494763 TI - Refractoriness to a second episode of experimental myasthenia gravis. Correlation with AChR concentration and morphologic appearance of the postsynaptic membrane. AB - Rats injected with anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR)2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) develop the acute phase of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis characterized by a macrophage inflammation of muscle endplates (EP). These animals are subsequently refractory to induction of a second such episode up to 8 wk after the initial injection. Analysis of this phenomenon to date has shown that mechanisms such as anti-idiotypic regulation, epitopic modulation, and cellular suppression or deletion are not significantly involved. In the present study, animals reinjected from 11 wk on developed a second episode of cellular EP inflammation. This renewed susceptibility correlated temporally with an increase in postsynaptic membrane length and AChR content. When the second injection of anti-AChR mAb was given at 8 wk, mAb bound to muscle EP caused a small reduction in AChR content in the absence of cellular inflammation. These observations suggested that total inaccessibility of AChR to mAb is not responsible for the refractoriness to cellular EP inflammation. More likely, a certain AChR concentration or density is necessary to bind a critical amount or density of antibody to activate complement and set in motion the events leading to a cellular inflammatory response. In human myasthenia gravis, in which initially damaged EP are continuously exposed to anti-AChR antibodies, this critical AChR concentration or density may not be reached again because of continuous complement-mediated lysis and/or increased AChR turnover. Hence, these data may explain the infrequency of cellular EP inflammation in motor point muscle biopsies in this disease. PMID- 3494764 TI - Augmentation of IL 1-induced fibroblast PGE2 production by a urine-derived IL 1 inhibitor. AB - IL 1, a monocyte-derived cytokine, has potent biologic effects in a variety of target tissues. The existence of naturally occurring inhibitors of IL 1 activity has been recently described; these inhibitors blocked one IL 1 effect: stimulation of thymocyte responses to mitogens. We examined the effect of one well-characterized inhibitor of IL 1, isolated from the urine of febrile patients, on a second IL 1 effect, stimulation of fibroblast PGE synthesis. In this system, purified preparations of the urinary inhibitor that completely blocked murine thymocyte proliferative responses to mitogen failed to block PGE synthetic responses to IL 1. Rather, inhibitor preparations markedly enhanced fibroblast PGE synthetic responses to IL 1. When partially purified inhibitor preparations were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, inhibitory activity for the IL 1 effect on thymocytes and PGE stimulatory activity co eluted. Augmentation of the IL 1-induced PGE response was seen with both low (1:1 unit) and high (400:1) ratios of inhibitor to IL 1. Inhibitor preparations alone did not stimulate fibroblast PGE synthesis. The augmentation of fibroblast PGE synthesis by inhibitor preparations was not due to contaminating endotoxin. Active inhibitor preparations contained less than 15 pg of endotoxin/U activity, and the PGE stimulatory effect was not blocked by the addition of polymyxin B, whereas polymyxin B reversed the effects of exogenous endotoxin. It appears that the inhibition of IL 1 effects by naturally occurring inhibitors may have target cell and/or functional specificity. PMID- 3494765 TI - Characterization of a keratinocyte-derived T cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2 and B cell stimulatory factor 1. AB - Epidermal epithelial cells (keratinocytes) produce and secrete a variety of immunologically active cytokines. We have previously reported that both transformed (PAM 212) and normal murine keratinocytes produce a soluble factor which induces proliferation of the T cell line, HT-2. In the present study we sought to compare keratinocyte-derived T cell growth factor (KTGF) with other T cell growth factors, characterize its physicochemical properties, and substantially purify KTGF from PAM 212 conditioned medium. KTGF from PAM 212 conditioned medium was not inhibited by antibodies which block the effect of interleukin 2 (IL 2) (S4B6) or B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF 1) (11B11). KTGF is heat-stable, has an isoelectric point of 4.8, and a relative molecular mass of 16 to 23 kilodaltons under nonreducing conditions. KTGF activity was enhanced at least 41,413-fold by sequential hydroxylapatite bulk preparation, desalting by reversed-phase chromatography, gel filtration high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and reversed-phase HPLC. Keratinocytes produce a T cell growth factor with physicochemical properties distinct from IL 2 and BSF 1. KTGF may play a role in regulating the growth and differentiation of T cells in the epidermis. PMID- 3494766 TI - Activation of cultured human endothelial cells by recombinant lymphotoxin: comparison with tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 species. AB - Recombinant human lymphotoxin (LT) was compared with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) for direct actions on cultured human endothelial cells (HEC). At equivalent half-maximal concentrations (based on L929 cytotoxicity units) LT and TNF each caused rapid and transient induction (peak 4 to 6 hr) of an antigen associated with leukocyte adhesion (detected by monoclonal antibody H4/18), a rapid but sustained increased expression (plateau 24 hr) of a lymphocyte adhesion structure (ICAM-1), a gradual (plateau 4 to 6 days) increase in expression of HLA-A,B antigens, and gradual (4 to 6 days) conversion of HEC culture morphology from epithelioid to fibroblastoid, an effect enhanced by immune interferon (IFN-gamma). Induction of H4/18 binding by maximal concentrations of LT or TNF could not be augmented by addition of the other cytokine, and 24 hr pretreatment with LT or TNF produced hyporesponsiveness to both mediators for reinduction. H4/18 binding can be transiently induced by tumor promoting phorbol esters. Pretreatment with either LT or TNF also fully inhibited induction of H4/18 binding by phorbol ester, whereas phorbol ester pretreatment only variably and partially inhibited reinduction by LT or TNF. These actions of LT on endothelium shared with TNF may serve in vivo to promote lymphocyte and inflammatory leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Recombinant human interleukin 1 species (IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta) shared many of the actions of LT and TNF and were indistinguishable from each other. However, IL 1 species could be distinguished from LT/TNF by their relative inability to enhance HLA-A,B expression, by their ability to augment H4/18 binding caused by maximally effective concentrations of LT or TNF, and by their inability to inhibit reinduction of H4/18 binding by LT or TNF. In contrast to the actions of LT or TNF, pretreatment with IL 1 alpha or IL 1 beta only partially inhibited induction of H4/18 binding by phorbol ester, and phorbol ester pretreatment consistently, albeit partially, inhibited induction by IL 1 species. These studies suggest that activated T cells through the secretion of LT can in turn activate the local endothelial lining so as to promote homing and extravasation of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, these LT actions can be augmented or complemented by other locally produced mediators such as IFN-gamma or IL 1. PMID- 3494767 TI - Development and regulation of chlamydia-responsive murine B lymphocytes. AB - We have examined characteristics of chlamydia-stimulated mouse B cells as well as cells that regulate polyclonal responses in vitro. B lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by chlamydia arises at a similar time as Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferative responses during ontogeny. In contrast, development of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells after chlamydia stimulation is delayed by several weeks relative to ontogeny of LPS-inducible plaque-forming cells (PFC). The lack of Ig secretion by immature B cells is not due to a deficiency of Lyb5+ B lymphocytes, since X-linked immunodeficient (xid) NBF1 mice that lack this B lymphocyte population respond well to chlamydia stimulation. Adherent cells are important for chlamydia-stimulated B lymphocyte differentiation, but are not as necessary for their proliferation. Neither adult adherent cells nor T cells can correct the inability of immature spleen cells to develop into Ig-secreting cells; spleen cells from 2-wk-old mice (i.e., immature B cells) will not suppress adult B lymphocyte responses to chlamydia. When B lymphocytes are separated according to their buoyant densities, chlamydia stimulates low density (activated) B cells to proliferate and differentiate better than high density (resting) cells. Proliferative responses to chlamydia arise earlier during ontogeny, do not require adherent cells, and can proceed to a relatively greater extent in resting B cell population (compared with activated B cells) than induction of Ig-secreting cells. PMID- 3494768 TI - Cellular localization of perforin 1 in murine cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The localization of perforin 1 (P1) in cytotoxic cells was studied by immuno electron microscopy by using a monospecific rabbit antiserum against highly purified mouse P1 and protein A gold as a second ligand. P1 was found in specific granules of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Within the granules, P1 antigen was localized in the fine granular matrix, whereas the vesicular compartment remained free of gold particles. The amount of P1 antigen detectable by immuno electron microscopy varied between different CTL clones. CTL with NK-like activity had the highest level of P1 antigen. A cytotoxicity loss CTL mutant had no detectable P1 antigen, suggesting an important role of P1 during cell-mediated cytolysis. P1 antigen was undetectable also in bone marrow macrophages, indicating a different cytolytic mechanism of these cells. PMID- 3494769 TI - Killing of mouse blastocyst stage embryos by cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed to major histocompatibility complex antigens. AB - A new assay, mixed embryo leukocyte interaction assay, in which the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to kill preimplantation mouse embryos could be investigated, is described. CTL were generated both in vitro and in vivo to the H 2b and H-2d haplotypes. The specificity of the CTL was verified by using EL-4 (H 2b) and P815 (H-2d) target cells in a 51Cr-release assay. The cytolytic effect of the CTL on mouse blastocysts was measured by assessing blastocoel retention and inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by the embryos. It was shown that CTL kill blastocyst stage embryos from C57BL/6J (H-2b) and B10.D2 (H-2d) mice with the zona pellucida removed, but not with the zona pellucida intact. These results demonstrate that the H-2 antigens present on mouse blastocysts can be recognized by CTL. It is suggested that one biologic role for the zona pellucida is the prevention of cell-mediated destruction of preimplantation embryos in utero. PMID- 3494770 TI - Cationization of protein antigens. II. Alteration of regulatory properties. AB - Immunoregulatory effects of cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA) and native bovine serum albumin (nBSA) have been investigated. Intravenous administration of nBSA to BDF1 mice substantially suppressed the antibody response to subsequent immunization with either nBSA or cBSA, whereas pretreatment with cBSA by the same route significantly enhanced the responses to both antigens. The functional properties of BSA-specific T and B cells from mice immunized with cBSA or nBSA were examined in reconstitution experiments in which splenic T populations together with B cells were transferred into irradiated syngeneic recipients. Transfer of splenic T cells from mice primed with nBSA caused profound suppression of the response to subsequent immunization with nBSA or cBSA, whereas transfer of either B or T cells from cBSA treated mice produced an enhanced response to both antigens. C57BL/6 mice, which are considered to be low responders to BSA, produced a significant antibody response to BSA when immunized with cBSA. In contrast, immunization with nBSA did not produce measureable amounts of antibody in mice of this strain. Our data clearly demonstrate that cationized BSA exhibits unique immunogenic properties due to alterations in the self-regulation of the immune response. PMID- 3494771 TI - Control of B cell proliferation: arrest of B cells in late G1 underlies immunosuppression induced by plasma cell tumors. AB - Immunosuppression in mice bearing plasma cell tumors (PC-mice) provides a model system for the study of negative B cell regulation. Our previous studies demonstrated that B cell proliferation is suppressed in these mice by a cascade of interactions involving macrophages and soluble factors. The present report pinpoints the G1 phase of the cell cycle as the stage of B cell proliferation inhibited in PC-mice. Modulation of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) with anti-mu, an early membrane activation event, occurred normally on B cells from the spleens of PC-mice. However, examination of the size profile and the expression of sIgD and sIgM on B cells from the spleens of PC-mice showed an accumulation of large sized, low intensity sIgD+ cells, suggesting a block in B cell activation in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle. This was confirmed by experiments in vitro that demonstrated that although LPS-stimulated B cells from the spleens of PC-mice enlarged to a size characteristic of G1 phase, most did not additionally enlarge into S phase even after 3 days of culture, nor did they incorporate significant amounts of [3H]thymidine. Additional confirmation of a block in late G1 was obtained by using analysis of [3H]thymidine incorporation, cell size, and cell cycle after normal cells were cultured in supernatants from cloned PC lines containing the factor(s) that initiates the cascade of events leading to suppression of B cell proliferation. The relevance of these findings to PC induced immunosuppression and to the regulation of normal B cell proliferation during the G1 phase of the cell cycle is discussed. PMID- 3494772 TI - A novel method to bursectomize avian embryos and obtain quail----chick bursal chimeras. II. Immune response of bursectomized chicks and chimeras and post-natal rejection of the grafted quail bursas. AB - Two methods to bursectomize chick embryos before hemopoietic cell seeding of the bursa of Fabricius were compared in this work: section of the tail region at E3 including the presumptive bursal territory, and selective removal of the bursa at E5. Hatching ability is better with the former method, but survival rate and effectiveness of bursectomy are favored with the second, novel technique. Moreover, selective removal of the bursa at E5 can be followed by in situ engraftment of a quail bursa and construction of quail-chick bursal chimeras. The immune response of bursaless birds and bursal chimeras has been studied. Total absence of the bursa does not prevent a few B cells from differentiating and nonspecific Ig (IgM and/or IgG) from being secreted. As reported previously, bursaless birds, however, are unable to mount an immune response by producing specific antibodies. This immune function is restored by the graft of a quail bursa. The microenvironment of the bursa, although heterospecific, allows the expansion of the B cell population and generates the repertoire of the B cell antigen receptors. This process takes place during late embryonic and early postnatal life because the grafted quail bursal stroma is subjected to immune rejection from 2 to 3 wk after birth in all chimeras, which are, however, perfectly immunocompetent. PMID- 3494774 TI - Growth-promoting effect of recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor for a human astrocytoma cell line. AB - IL 1 can exhibit dichotomous effects in the sense that it is cytotoxic for certain cells, although growth promoting for other cells. Because IL 1 is growth promoting for astrocytes, but cytotoxic for melanoma cells, the current investigation evaluated the effect of IL 1 upon astrocytomas. The human astrocytoma U373 was found to incorporate [3H]thymidine after exposure to recombinant human IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta and murine IL 1 alpha. Surprisingly, U373 also incorporated [3H]thymidine after exposure to recombinant TNF. The response of the U373 to IL 1 may be used as a simple and sensitive assay for IL 1. PMID- 3494773 TI - Antigen presentation by hapten-specific B lymphocytes. IV. Comparative ability of B cells to present specific antigen and anti-immunoglobulin antibody. AB - The ability of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-binding murine B lymphocytes to present native rabbit IgG (RGG), TNP-modified RGG, and rabbit anti-mouse Ig (RAMG) to an Ia-restricted, RGG-specific helper/inducer T cell clone was compared. By three independent assays (lymphokine secretion, T cell proliferation, and B cell differentiation), TNP-RGG was presented at 10(2)- to 10(3)-fold lower concentrations than RGG, and RAMG at 10(2)- to 10(3)-fold lower concentrations than TNP-RGG. The available data suggest that the efficiency of antigen presentation is dependent primarily on the avidity of binding of a ligand to B cell surface Ig and/or the extent of subsequent endocytosis (modulation). Despite the observed quantitative differences between anti-Ig (RAMG) and specific antigen (TNP-RGG), these results demonstrate that qualitatively both are essentially similar in their ability to mediate specific T-B interactions. Thus, anti-Ig antibodies are valid models for analyzing cognate interactions between antigen specific B and helper T lymphocytes. PMID- 3494775 TI - Establishment of a human T cell hybridoma cell line producing suppressor factor specific for anti-thyroglobulin antibody production. AB - Thyroglobulin (Tg)-binding peripheral blood T cells from a normal individual were fused with a T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat-AG9) treated by emetine and actinomycin D. Several cell lines were established from thus-prepared human T cell hybridomas. The culture supernatant from one of these lines (Tg-Ts47) whose phenotype was OKT3- 11+ 4+ 8- suppressed the generation of Tg-specific antibody forming cells from the lymphocytes of patients with Hashimotos' chronic thyroiditis, but not anti-SRBC and anti-ovalbumin antibody production from both autologous and patient lymphocytes. Tg-Ts47-derived factors also bore Tg antigen binding sites. The suppressive activity of the supernatants was shown in almost all patients lymphocytes tested. This indicated that the supernatants of Tg-Ts47 line contain a suppressive factor specific for Tg antigen and capable of acting across allogeneic barriers. PMID- 3494776 TI - An hypothesis on the binding of an amphipathic, alpha helical sequence in Ii to the desetope of class II antigens. AB - When we investigated the hypothesis that amphipathic alpha helical peptides digested from foreign antigen bind to class II major histocompatability complex (MHC) molecules' binding site (desetope) for foreign antigen to be presented to T cell receptors, we found such an extended amphipathic helix in Ii. This amphipathic helix was hypothesized to bind Ii to class II MHC antigens until release in endosomes containing digested foreign antigen. Then these amphipathic Ii polypeptides might polymerize so as not to compete with foreign antigen for binding to class II MHC molecules. Various structural models were consistent with these views and led to the suggestion of specific forms of polymeric interaction. PMID- 3494777 TI - Auranofin increases the affinity of phorbol dibutyrate receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (B cells). AB - Previous studies have shown that auranofin (AF), a lipophilic gold I complex, modulates metabolic events in leukocytes stimulated by phorbol esters, whose major cellular binding site is now known to be the Ca++/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). In these experiments we have investigated the effect of AF on the binding of phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) to human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells. AF enhanced binding of PDBu to its receptor in CLL cells by a) causing an increase in the affinity of PDBu receptors from Kd 20.3 nM to 7.3 nM, and b) enhancing translocation of PDBu receptors to the cell membrane. The increase in PDBu binding induced by AF in whole cells was only partially reversible by EGTA or the intracellular Ca++ antagonist TMB-8. Studies performed with quin-2-labeled cells showed that 100 microM AF caused a mean (+/- SD) rise in cytosolic Ca++ levels from 0.41 (0.12) to 0.85 (0.33) (n = 5). Thus the mechanism by which AF increases binding of PDBu to its receptor appears to be partially dependent on Ca++. These effects of AF occurred at cellular levels achieved in mononuclear cells during chrysotherapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3494778 TI - Characterization of a factor from the U937 cell line that enhances the toxicity of human eosinophils to Schistosoma mansoni larvae. AB - A factor produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes, monocyte derived eosinophil cytotoxicity-enhancing factor (M-ECEF), increases the ability of human eosinophils to kill larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. In order to purify this monokine, a continuous cell line was sought as a generator of source material. It was found that high titers of an ECEF-like activity could be obtained from the U937 cell line cultured in serum-free medium. Production of this activity was optimal when cells were cultured with PMA for 2 days and were further treated with LPS for 2 days. PMA and LPS alone did not enhance eosinophil cytotoxicity and could be separated completely from U937-ECEF activity by reversed-phase HPLC. Thus, the activity was not due to carry-over of these two stimuli. U937-ECEF was compared with M-ECEF by a number of analytical methods. ECEF from both sources was resistant to several denaturing treatments but was sensitive to proteases or to reduction and alkylation. U937-ECEF exhibited activity profiles similar, if not identical, to those of M-ECEF when subjected to molecular sizing HPLC in the presence of 8 M urea, isoelectric focusing, and reversed-phase HPLC. The activity has apparent m.w. of 17,000 and 32,000, isoelectric points ranging from 3.8 to 5.1, and one or more reversed-phase HPLC retention times, depending on the method of sample preparation. These results demonstrate certain physical characteristics of M-ECEF, show that the U937 cell line is an appropriate source for the purification of M-ECEF, and provide information that will allow the design of a purification strategy. Although it appears that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or a TNF-like molecule is a component of M-ECEF, a major component of M-ECEF is different from TNF as judged by the 1) physical characteristics of M-ECEF, 2) low direct toxicity of M-ECEF to L929 cells, 3) comparative stability of M-ECEF to heat treatment, and 4) inability of an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody to remove M-ECEF activity. PMID- 3494779 TI - Genetic mapping of the mouse interleukin 3 gene to chromosome 11. AB - Interleukin 3 (IL 3) is a T cell-derived lymphokine that induces the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic stem cells. By using a cDNA clone for IL 3, a single Eco-RI restriction fragment of 8.5 kbp was detected in Southern blot hybridizations of DNA from BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice, whereas an Eco-RI restriction fragment of 10.8 kbp was detected in NFS and A/J mice. Under the conditions used, no hybridization was detected to Chinese hamster DNA. The species and strain differences were used to analyze a series of hamster X mouse somatic cell hybrids and genetic crosses between NFS and C57BL/10 mice. The results demonstrate that the IL 3 gene is located on chromosome 11. PMID- 3494780 TI - Quantitation of cell surface molecules on a differentiating, Ly-1+ B cell lymphoma. AB - The number of molecules expressed on the B cell membrane is known to influence the level of immune responses. However, a careful study of the changes in numbers of cell surface molecules during B cell differentiation has not been undertaken. We have addressed this question by using an inducible B cell lymphoma, CH12. Scatchard analysis was used to quantitate the levels of expression of surface immunoglobulin, major histocompatibility complex-encoded class I and class II molecules, and Ly-1 molecules on these cells during their differentiation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the density of most molecules on the initial population of CH12 cells was comparable to their densities on small splenic B cells. Upon culture, we could classify the molecules into two groups based on their change in expression. One group, represented by surface immunoglobulin and class II molecules, decreased (surface immunoglobulin) or did not change (class II) in number after LPS stimulation, but increased during culture in the absence of LPS. The second set, represented by class I and Ly-1 molecules, increased after LPS stimulation, but did not change as a result of culture. Although the characteristic behavior of class I and class II molecules was different, concomitant changes were observed in both class I (K and D) molecules, and in both class II (I-A and I-E) molecules. PMID- 3494781 TI - An improved method for recovery of secretory immunoglobulins and lymphocytes from the nasal mucosa. AB - The difficulty of obtaining adequate specimens for assay has severely restricted in vivo investigations of local immune responses in humans. Washing the posterior nasopharynx for an extended period using chilled saline to stimulate serous secretions has improved yields of both secretory immunoglobulins and functionally competent immunocytes. The proportions of T- and B-cells found in such washings appear to differ from those found in blood. PMID- 3494782 TI - A substrate amplification system for enzyme-linked immunoassays. Demonstration of its general applicability to ELISA systems for detecting antibodies and immune complexes. AB - Self recently described a substrate system for alkaline phosphatase (AP) dependent ELISAs which markedly increased sensitivity, compared to using p nitrophenyl phosphate. This increase is achieved by having AP, the primary enzyme, produce an activator for a secondary enzyme-substrate system, within which marked amplification occurs. We adapted this technique to study antibodies to casein, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, and cardiolipin in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and normal individuals. The new substrate system yielded titres 30-50-fold higher than those with p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Sigma 104, p-NPP). In addition, when used in a solid-phase C1q binding assay we were able to use a 1 : 100,000 dilution of AP-conjugated anti-human IgG with the amplified substrate, compared to the 1 : 1000 dilution needed with p NPP. This system is extremely valuable because of its flexibility. It can either be very sparing of limited samples, or if the added sensitivity is not needed, 100-fold less AP conjugate may be used. Thus rare or expensive conjugates can be significantly conserved. PMID- 3494783 TI - An efficient method for enrichment of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1 antigen) from HeLa cells. AB - A rapid method has been developed for enrichment of Jo-1 antigen (histidyl-tRNA synthetase) from HeLa cells. The enzyme has been prepared from post-ribosomal supernatant by successive chromatography with Blue Sepharose and Poly-U Sepharose, followed by DEAE-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By this method, enzyme could be obtained within 4 days of HeLa cell harvesting, with 40% recovery of the enzymatic activity. The apparent native molecular size of the enzyme as determined by HPLC-size exclusion column chromatography was approximately 120 kDa. Under denaturing conditions using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme subunit size was approximately 55 kDa. The antigen preparation, although not homogeneous, was found to react only with anti-Jo-1 positive antisera when tested by immunoblotting with many patient sera of defined autoantibody specificities, making the preparation useful for immunologic studies of anti-Jo-1 antibodies. PMID- 3494784 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and quantitation of anti Jo-1 antibody in human serum. AB - We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for autoantibodies directed against the autoantigen Jo-1 (histidyl-tRNA synthetase) using antigen prepared biochemically from HeLa cells. No other patient sera, including those containing antibodies directed at threonyl-tRNA synthetase or alanyl-tRNA synthetase, reacted in the assay. Screening of sera from 169 patients with a variety of autoimmune and neuromuscular diseases confirmed that anti-Jo-1 antibodies are confined to a subgroup of patients with pure polymyositis, pure dermatomyositis, or myositis associated with another rheumatic disease. PMID- 3494785 TI - Presence of mitomycin resistant T cells in peripheral blood of normal individuals. AB - T cell colonies can be easily grown from peripheral blood, and are an index of cellular immunocompetence. Mitomycin-treated T cells are used as stimulator cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions and as feeder cells for growth of B cell colonies, the assumption being that mitomycin prevents proliferation of T cells. We tested this assumption by comparing the proliferation of mitomycin-treated T cells in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) with that of untreated T cells in liquid cultures and in T cell colony assay. We found that incorporation of tritiated thymidine by cells from 11 healthy individuals pretreated with 25, 50 and 100 micrograms/ml mitomycin C was reduced to 13, 11 and 8%, respectively, of that of untreated cells when stimulated by an optimal concentration of PHA (10 micrograms/ml) in liquid cultures. However, parallel experiments with aliquots of the same cells showed that pretreatment with 25, 50 or 100 micrograms/ml mitomycin C merely reduced T cell colonies to 49, 45 and 45%, respectively, of untreated cells. In five additional experiments mitomycin 200 and 400 micrograms/ml reduced T cell colony numbers to 47 and 60%, respectively. Treatment of T cells with 9000 rad completely abolished T cell colony formation. Lower doses of radiation up to 6000 R did not abolish T cell colony formation, although it effectively blocked T cell proliferation to PHA in liquid cultures. 24 h preincubation of T cells with suboptimal doses of PHA and then treatment with mitomycin or radiation did not abolish T cell colony formation. T cells were recovered from the mitomycin-resistant T cell colonies and stimulated in liquid cultures with PHA, untreated or after exposure to 25 micrograms/ml mitomycin C. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine by the mitomycin-treated cells was reduced to 8% of the untreated controls. Our observations suggests: There may be inaccuracies in B cell colony assays using mitomycin-treated T cells because of significant T cell colony formation. There is a population of T cells in the peripheral blood of normal individuals which form colonies and are resistant to mitomycin. PMID- 3494786 TI - An optimal assay of human B cell proliferation in vitro. AB - The purpose of this work was to optimize an in vitro assay for measuring B cell proliferation in response to S. aureus Cowan I (SAC). It has been demonstrated that the best proliferative activity is obtained when 10(5) cells are cultured in flat-bottomed microtiter plates in the presence of 1:10,000 SAC dilution. Standard RPMI 1640 culture medium should be enriched with mercaptoethanol and 10% FCS or 0.5% human albumin. Human serum, found to be an optimal supplement for T lymphocyte responses, blocks B cell proliferation. PMID- 3494787 TI - A new micromethod for determination of interleukin-1 production from frozen human blood mononuclear cells. AB - A microtechnique is described for inducing IL-1 activity in vitro from frozen human blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) using the lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) method. When compared to the conventional culture system, this micromethod offers several advantages: the complete assay requires a total of 1.0 X 10(5) mononuclear cells which is easily obtained from 1 ml of whole blood; the method of isolation and freezing of cells preserves their viability and ability to produce IL-1 for several weeks; when compared to the conventional test using fresh BMNC, frozen cells produce the same amount of IL-1. The microtechnique described here is highly reproducible and provides a useful tool for evaluating the production of IL-1 from BMNC of human subjects in clinical studies including those with immunodeficiencies, malnutrition and malignant diseases. PMID- 3494788 TI - A simple sensitive bioassay for interleukin-1 which is unresponsive to 10(3) U/ml of interleukin-2. AB - A subclone, NOB-1, of the mouse EL-4 line constitutively produces very little interleukin-2 but in response to interleukin-1 produces high concentrations of interleukin-2. Co-stimulation with mitogen, phorbol esters or calcium ionophores was not required. NOB-1 is not responsive to tumour necrosis factor alpha, tumour necrosis factor beta, interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide. The NOB-1 line was used in conjunction with a CTLL line to detect less than 1 pg/ml interleukin-1. Rapid assay was performed by co-culturing the EL-4 cells with CTLL cells. By incorporating a pre-incubation step, followed by thorough washing of the EL-4 cells, responses to interleukin-1 were maintained, but interleukin-2 had no effect. The assay was used to detect interleukin-1 in serum samples and to evaluate neutralizing antisera to interleukin-1. PMID- 3494789 TI - The acute urethral syndrome in routine practice. AB - Midstream samples of urine from 185 acutely dysuric women and 89 symptom-free controls were screened according to the modified criteria of Kass by both conventional and microaerophilic culture. Among the 185 symptomatic women, coliform bacilli were isolated from 125 (67.5%) and in 45 (36%) of the latter the concentration of these organisms in the urine was less than 10(8)/l. Fastidious organisms were isolated in pure and mixed cultures from 25 (13.4%) of the 185 patients and from 4 (4.5%) of 89 controls. Staphylococcus species were isolated from 10.8% (9.7% S. saprophyticus; 1.1% S. epidermidis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum from 2.7%. All patients infected with conventional organisms but only 30.4% of those yielding fastidious organisms had pyuria. The isolation rate of fastidious organisms tended to be higher (P = 0.055) in symptomatic women that in symptom-free controls. PMID- 3494790 TI - Brucella meningitis. AB - Infection with Brucella melitensis is endemic in Saudi Arabia but involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. We report on three patients with acute brucella meningitis, all of whom had a history of exposure to a possible source of infection. Diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Brucella species from blood cultures. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with a high concentration of protein and low concentration of glucose. The patients were treated by combinations of co-trimoxazole, doxycycline or rifampicin. All responded well without recurrences. A combination of two of the three drugs was effective in treating brucellosis of the CNS when given for a period of 6-8 weeks. PMID- 3494791 TI - The skin immune system (SIS): distribution and immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal human skin. AB - The complexity of immune response-associated cells present in normal human skin was recently redefined as the skin immune system (SIS). In the present study, the exact immunophenotypes of lymphocyte subpopulations with their localizations in normal human skin were determined quantitatively. B cells were not found to be present in normal human skin. Lymphocytes were always of T-cell type, and 90% of these T cells were clustered in 1-3 rows around postcapillary venules of the papillary vascular plexus or adjacent to cutaneous appendages. In such perivascular localizations, they were found to differ from their circulating counterparts in three ways. First, skin perivascular cells were found to be approximately evenly distributed over CD4+ inducer and CD8+ suppressor-cytotoxic T-cell subsets (mean CD4/CD8 ratio: papillary layer 0.96, reticular layer 0.99). Second, within the category of CD4+ inducer T cells, most were phenotyped as CD4+, 4B4+ helper inducer T lymphocytes, whereas CD4+, 2H4+ suppressor inducer T lymphocytes were found to be relatively rare (less than 5%). Third, the majority of skin perivascular T cells were activated as they expressed HLA-DR and interleukin 2 receptors. Intraepidermal, directly subepidermal, and other ("free") lymphocytes were mostly of the CD8+ suppressor-cytotoxic T-cell subset but accounted for less than 10% of the total number of lymphocytes. Intraepidermally localized T cells accounted for less than 2% of the total number of lymphocytes present in normal skin. Our results indicate that preferential perivascular localization of activated T lymphocytes is the characteristic of normal human skin. This might be a reflection of continuous antigen recognition upon endothelial cell presentation and/or continuous T cell-mediated endothelial cell activation thereby inducing enhanced antigen clearing by the skin's endothelium. PMID- 3494792 TI - Etiology and manifestations of epididymitis in young men: correlations with sexual orientation. PMID- 3494793 TI - Isolation of a strain of beta-lactamase-producing Capnocytophaga ochracea. PMID- 3494794 TI - Anchorage-independence as an index of proliferative potential and maturational age: a comparison of the growth of normal, primary explanted bovine granulosa cells in semisolid agar and in liquid culture. AB - When seeded at low-density, normal primary explanted granulosa cells will grow to form clones of functionally differentiated cells in both semisolid agar and in liquid culture. The anchorage-independent clonogenic granulosa cell differs from the anchorage-dependent granulosa cells detected in clonal liquid culture in a number of properties. Basal cloning efficiency in liquid culture is up to 50-fold higher than in agar culture. In serum supplemented medium (20% fetal calf serum) cloning efficiency in liquid culture is unaltered in the presence of added epidermal growth factor (EGF), whereas, agar cloning efficiency is augmented six fold when cells are incubated under identical conditions. Cells derived from primary anchorage-independent clones, when dispersed and replated, will generate secondary anchorage-independent clones and anchorage-dependent liquid clones. On the other hand, although cells derived from parallel primary anchorage-dependent clones will also generate secondary anchorage-dependent clones, generation of secondary anchorage-independent clones is not detectable. These findings suggest that the anchorage-independent clonal agar assay may be detecting a developmentally earlier granulosa cell subpopulation than is detectable in the liquid culture assay. PMID- 3494795 TI - [Aortic regurgitation and coronary artery obstruction due to Kawasaki disease--a case report of successful surgical treatment]. PMID- 3494796 TI - [The long-term result of grafted saphenous vein in the children with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 3494797 TI - [Report of a case with coronary artery bypass grafting in unstable angina associated with type A dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 3494798 TI - [Effects of radiotherapy on cellular immunity of patients with head and neck cancers]. PMID- 3494799 TI - [Augmentation of cytotoxicity of regional lymph node lymphocytes of the stomach by in vitro culture in IL2 contained medium]. PMID- 3494800 TI - An unusual case of diaphyseal aclasis arising in fingers. AB - Diaphyseal aclasis (multiple hereditary exostoses) occurs in the bones developed in cartilage and gives rise to cartilage-capped exostoses. It usually affects the ends of the diaphyses of long bones of extremities (McKusick, 1972). Although the phalanges of the fingers may be shorter than normal, no record could be found of significant deformity. A case of digital deformity is described below. PMID- 3494801 TI - Expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by human cell lines. AB - We have isolated and expressed a cDNA clone that encodes a human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor from the MIA PaCa-2 cell line. A genomic clone of this factor has been isolated from the CHU-2 cell line and is reported to encode two alternative transcripts [The EMBO J. 5,575, 1986]; one transcript predicts an amino acid sequence identical to that predicted by our MIA PaCa-2 cDNA clone; the other transcript predicts a similar protein containing a three amino acid residue insertion. To investigate which types of this colony-stimulating factor are produced by other cell lines, we used specific oligonucleotides to determine which types of transcripts were present in MIA PaCa-2, 5637, and LD-1 cells, all of which have been reported to produce a factor that can stimulate the growth of predominantly granulocyte colonies in human bone marrow cell cultures. Northern analysis with these probes revealed MIA PaCa-2-like transcripts in all of these cell lines and failed to detect transcripts that would encode the colony stimulating factor that contained the three-amino-acid-residue insertion. PMID- 3494802 TI - Tumor-specific T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity enhanced by low dose of C. parvum. AB - Three routes of immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) on an ascitic Friend virus-induced leukemia were evaluated. Only the intraperitoneal route, which provided optimal contact between CP and tumor cells, showed prolonged mean survival time. Greatest effectiveness was obtained with multiple injections of CP at weekly intervals and with small initial tumor load. Of particular interest was that lower dosages of CP (5 and 25 micrograms) gave longer protection than dosages of 50 and 250 micrograms. Using in vitro 125I-iododeoxyuridine release assay, these lower dosages were shown to selectively enhance the cytotoxicity associated with T lymphocytes, whereas higher dosages appeared to primarily augment the activity of phagocytes. Moderate natural killer cell activity was observed with both the lower and higher dosages of CP. Data from this study indicate that route of administration, dosage of CP, and size of tumor burden are crucial variables determining optimal response to immunotherapy. PMID- 3494803 TI - Proposal for classification of leukocyte-associated cytolytic molecules: Denver, Colorado, September 28, 1986. PMID- 3494804 TI - Alterations in plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Plasma lipoproteins were investigated during the active clinical phase of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Three groups of Lewis rats were compared: untreated controls, Freund's adjuvant-treated controls (FAC), and rats receiving one injection of myelin in Freund's adjuvant. After onset of clinical symptoms, 12 and 16 days after injection, there were higher concentrations of cholesterol and low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) in EAE plasma. The increase was due to apoE-containing HDL1 and HDL, according to density, particle size, and apolipoprotein compositions of isolated lipoproteins and immunoblots of whole plasmas after gradient gel electrophoresis. In EAE, the cholesterol-to-apoprotein ratio was increased and the low density lipoprotein distribution profile was shifted toward lower density. The Freund's adjuvant-treated control rats showed some changes qualitatively similar to those of EAE, albeit far smaller in magnitude. Changes in LDL in EAE might be related in part to lowered plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); however, weight loss in control animals did not increase plasma cholesterol or apoE relative to apoA-I. Lesions in the central nervous system and/or activation of macrophages might be causally related to the large increase in plasma apoE. The major changes in apoE-containing lipoproteins are undoubtedly significant for the altered immune function in EAE. PMID- 3494805 TI - Fifth and sixth discoveries of Hymenolepis diminuta infections in Thai people. PMID- 3494806 TI - The contribution of NZW genes to lupus-like disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. AB - Unlike parental NZB or NZW mice, (NZB X NZW)F1 mice exhibit a lupus-like disease characterized by high serum levels of IgG antinuclear antibodies and a fatal immune-complex glomerulonephritis. At least three unlinked gene loci can be distinguished in NZW mice that conceivably contribute to a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease, including the MHC (H-2z) and the T cell receptor alpha and beta chain gene complexes. We undertook an (NZB X NZW)F1 X NZB backcross to determine the relative contribution of these NZW genes to lupus-like renal disease and autoantibody production in F1 mice. The incidence of severe renal disease and elevated levels of IgG antibodies to dsDNA and histone in the backcross mice was approximately half of that observed in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the presence of the NZW H-2z haplotype and lupus-like disease in backcross mice. Approximately 90% of backcross mice with disease carried the NZW H-2z locus compared with 16% of mice without disease; nearly 90% of H-2d/z mice expressed severe autoimmune disease. In contrast, no association was apparent between the presence of the NZW T cell receptor alpha chain gene complex or beta chain gene complex and severe renal disease or autoantibody production. Thus, the NZW MHC or gene(s) linked to this locus appear to be the only dominant NZW genetic contribution to F1 disease. PMID- 3494807 TI - Human interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1 gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - The recognition that cells of the vascular wall can secrete cytokines such as IL 1 suggests new mechanisms for initiating or sustaining inflammatory responses in blood vessels. We report that purified human monocyte-derived IL-1 or recombinant human IL-1 (rIL-1 beta and rIL-1 alpha) induce cultured human smooth muscle cells derived from veins or arteries to synthesize IL-1 beta mRNA and produce and release biologically active IL-1. rIL-1 beta also stimulated the production of PGE2 by smooth muscle cells. Exposure to rIL-1 beta (1-100 ng/ml), or rIL-1 alpha (0.01-10 ng/ml) increased IL-1 beta mRNA levels within 30 min. Actinomycin D (1 microgram/ml) prevented the induction of IL-1 beta mRNA by rIL-1. IL-1 alpha mRNA was detected in SMC treated with cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml) and rIL-1 beta, or cycloheximide alone. rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta produced maximal levels of IL 1 beta mRNA after 4 h, and intracellular IL-1 biological activity after 6 h of exposure. Release of IL-1 activity in the extracellular medium began after 1 h of incubation with rIL-1 beta or rIL-1 alpha, and continued for up to 24 h. Anti-TNF antiserum that neutralized the biological activity of rTNF did not affect rIL-1 induced production of IL-1 beta mRNA or IL-1 release, suggesting that the release of TNF does not mediate these processes. Several experimental approaches indicated that the release of IL-1 by smooth muscle cells was not due to endotoxin contamination of the IL-1 preparations. Anti-IL-1 antiserum blocked the induction of smooth muscle cell IL-1 gene expression by rIL-1 beta. Polymyxin B did not prevent IL-1-induced IL-1 expression by these cells, but blocked the effect of endotoxin. Heat treatment destroyed the stimulatory capacity of rIL-1 beta, but did not affect the ability of bacterial endotoxin to induce IL-1 expression. The production of IL-1 by human vascular smooth muscle cells was not due to contamination of the cell cultures with blood monocytes, inasmuch as treatment with an antimonocyte antibody (anti-Mo2) and complement did not alter IL-1 beta mRNA content or the amount of IL-1 released from the cells in response to endotoxin, rIL-1 alpha, or rIL-1 beta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3494809 TI - Aging in man. Linear increase of a novel T cell subset defined by antiganglioside monoclonal antibody 3G5. AB - A new human T cell subset defined by antineuronal ganglioside mAb 3G5 increases linearly with advancing age in man. The percentage of circulating 3G5+ T cells in 21 normal individuals, quantitated by cytofluorograph analysis, increases linearly from age 7 (23-30%) to age 84 (58%) (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). The antigen on T cells has the biochemical properties of a ganglioside that migrates between GM1 and GM2 ganglioside markers on TLC. The 3G5 subset represents the first T cell subset that reflects aging in man. PMID- 3494808 TI - Dissociation of membrane binding and lytic activities of the lymphocyte pore forming protein (perforin). AB - Granules isolated from CTL and NK cells contain a cytolytic pore-forming protein (PFP/perforin). At low temperatures (on ice), PFP binds to erythrocyte membranes without producing hemolysis. Hemolysis occurs when the PFP-bound erythrocytes are warmed up to 37 degrees C, which defines a temperature-dependent, lytic (pore formation) step distinct from the membrane-binding event. Ca2+ and neutral pH are required for both membrane binding and pore formation by PFP. Serum, LDL, HDL, and heparin inhibit the hemolytic activity of PFP by blocking its binding to lipid membranes. Lysis by PFP that has bound to erythrocyte membranes is no longer susceptible to the effect of these inhibitors. The hemolytic activities associated with intact granules and solubilized PFP show different requirements for Ca2+ and pH, indicating that cytolysis produced by isolated granules may involve an additional step, possibly fusion of granules with membranes. It is suggested that three distinct Ca2+- and pH-dependent events may be involved during cell killing by CTL and NK cells: fusion of cytoplasmic granules of effector cells with their plasma membrane, releasing PFP from cells; binding of the released PFP to target membranes; and insertion of monomers and the subsequent formation of lytic pores in the target membrane. The serum-mediated inhibition of membrane binding by PFP could prevent the accidental injury of bystander cells by cell-released PFP, but would allow cytolysis to proceed to completion once PFP has bound to the target membrane. PMID- 3494810 TI - Low serum 25-hydroxy-calciferols and intact hepatic 25-hydroxylation in patients with decompensated post-necrotic hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 3494811 TI - HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3494812 TI - Specificity of the immune response of mice to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins B and D constitutively expressed on L cell lines. AB - Mouse L cell lines have been developed which constitutively express glycoproteins B (gB) and D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1. When used to study the immune response of mice to the viral glycoproteins, it was found that both gB and gD induce a delayed type hypersensitivity response and both also induce an antibody response, but only the cell line expressing gD could stimulate the production of neutralizing antibody. Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognized gB expressed by the cell line and this line could also induce CTLs in mice. Recognition of gD by major histocompatibility complex class I restricted CTLs was never seen. Vaccination of mice with the cell lines provided protection from viral challenge and inhibited the establishment of a latent infection, although gD proved to be the better protective immunogen. PMID- 3494813 TI - Occurrence of multiple sclerosis in the north and south of New Zealand. AB - An impression that multiple sclerosis is commoner in southern parts of New Zealand than in the north has never been tested rigorously. Identical methods were used to determine the prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in two regions: the Waikato (in the North Island) and Otago and Southland (in the South Island). No cases were found in Maoris, while the expected number was 11.7. The prevalence rate of multiple sclerosis (excluding possible cases) in non-Maoris was 24 per 100,000 in the northern region and 69 per 100,000 in the south. The incidence rate was also more than twice as high in the southern region. These findings are considered in relation to genetic and environmental hypotheses about the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3494815 TI - Solid haemangioblastomas of the posterior fossa: radiological features and results of surgery. AB - Cerebellar haemangioblastomas are benign neoplasms which have been reported to have a favourable prognosis. The authors report the experience of Atkinson Morley's Hospital, London with 14 cases of solid haemangioblastoma since the introduction of the CT scan. Death or a poor result occurred in 50% of cases. Incomplete excision carried a high risk of complications. The CT scan appearances were too non specific to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis, the lesions usually being mistaken for meningiomas. Vertebral angiography can be of considerable help in identifying their vascular anatomy. PMID- 3494816 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. A model of predictable relapse by cyclophosphamide. AB - Relapse of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was achieved in Lewis rats by cyclophosphamide (CY). All rats, immunized with an emulsion of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant and treated with 100 mg/kg of CY 21 days postimmunization (pi), developed moderate to severe paralysis 9-14 days following CY injection. A second relapse was observed in 4 of 11 rats reinjected with CY 49 days pi. Histologically, focal mononuclear cell infiltration with or without demyelination of the white matter of the central nervous system was observed. Cyclophosphamide administration caused transient leukopenia and T-cell defect, the resolution of which coincided with relapse of clinical EAE. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to myelin basic protein (BP) and concanavalin A (Con A) and antibody titers to BP were preserved in CY-treated rats. Adoptive transfer of EAE to naive recipients with Con A-activated spleen cells from donors with CY-induced relapse was unsuccessful. PMID- 3494814 TI - Cerebral haemodynamic changes after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen utilisation, fractional oxygen extraction, and cerebral blood volume were measured by positron emission tomography in twelve patients with carotid artery occlusion. Follow-up studies were carried out at a mean interval of eleven weeks after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. Clinical improvement was observed in three patients who had presented with frequent transient ischaemic attacks. One patient with multiple vascular occlusions suffered a stroke at the time of surgery. Follow-up studies showed an increase of regional cerebral blood flow in only two of the twelve patients. In the group as a whole, there was no significant change of cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption or fractional oxygen extraction after bypass surgery. The most consistent post-operative change, observed in eleven of the twelve patients, was a fall of cerebral blood volume in the cortical territory of the bypassed carotid artery (p less than 0.01). This effect was most marked in patients with bilateral carotid occlusion, in whom there was often an accompanying fall of blood volume in the contralateral hemisphere. The post-operative findings were consistent with an increase of regional cerebral perfusion pressure as a result of the bypass procedure. Although this effect is potentially of value, those patients with most to gain from bypass surgery may also run the highest risk of peri-operative cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 3494817 TI - Molecular monitoring of pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3494818 TI - Gene rearrangements as markers of clonal variation and minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) and light (L) chain gene rearrangements were used as molecular markers of clonal evolution and minimal residual disease in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All leukemic episodes within individual patients shared at least one identical Ig rearrangement and thus arose from a common clonal progenitor cell. Nine of 11 patients displayed completely identical patterns between leukemic episodes, while two of 11 patients demonstrated genetic progression between diagnosis and relapse as evidenced by additional rearrangements. These genetic changes marked the emergence of leukemic subclones. Ig gene rearrangements were also used as sensitive markers to identify clonal cell populations in ALL patients following induction or reinduction therapy and to search for residual bone marrow disease in patients in clinical remission or with isolated extramedullary relapse. DNA rearrangements provide tumor-specific markers to follow the genetic variation of ALL and may facilitate the early detection of recurrent disease. PMID- 3494819 TI - Peripheral T cell lymphoma. AB - Thirty-one Chinese patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) were reviewed. Using the modified Japanese Lymphoma Group classification, there were nine (29%) of the pleomorphic type, 16 (52%) immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like, two (7%) T-zone lymphoma, and one (3%) Lennert's lymphoepithelioid type. Three (9%) were not classifiable. All were positive for T11 (E rosette receptor antigen). Fifty-four percent (15 of 28) were positive predominantly for T4 (helper T cell) and 46% (13/28) for T8 (suppressor T cell). The median age of the patients was 57 years. They usually presented with advanced disease, and while extranodal involvement was common, CNS disease was not seen. The IBL-like type was associated with a positive Coombs' test and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Five of the nine pleomorphic type were checked for antibody to HTLV-I virus and all were negative. PTCL was associated with poor prognosis, which was not influenced by the histologic subtypes and the T4/T8 phenotypes. The complete response rate of 13 consecutive patients who received the BACOP (bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) L17M regimen was significantly better than the 16 historic controls who received other less intensive regiments, 84% v 19% (P less than .01). The relapse rate was also significantly lower, 9% v 100% (P less than .001). There appeared to be an improvement in the disease-free survival (DFS) (80% v 0% at 18 months), as well as the overall survival (60% v 36% at 18 months), but the differences did not reach statistical significance due to small sample sizes. PMID- 3494820 TI - Establishment of interleukin 2 dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell line specific for autologous brain tumor and its intracranial administration for therapy of the tumor. AB - Autologous brain tumor specific CTLs were induced from the patient's PBL by a mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture, and were maintained for more than 2 months in a medium containing exogenous IL-2. The autologous T cell line containing specific CTL was administered into the tumor-bed for the treatment of malignant glioma. In 2 cases out of 5, tumors regressed more than 50% in diameter. One of these patients is still alive now with full of his social activities, and it is 104 weeks after the initiation of the immunotherapy. Autologous T cell lines were safely administered in all cases without any complications nor toxicities. PMID- 3494821 TI - Peripheral specification of sensory neurons transplanted to novel locations along the neuraxis. AB - Thoracic dorsal root ganglia in bullfrogs contain sensory neurons that innervate the skin of the trunk and have synaptic connections in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The ganglion that innervates the forelimb contains, in addition to cutaneous afferents, many muscle afferents that project more ventrally in the spinal cord and make monosynaptic connections with motoneurons. In the present study, we have transplanted thoracic sensory neurons to the brachial level in tadpoles to discover whether they can innervate forelimb muscles and, if so, whether they form central connections characteristic of forelimb muscle afferents. The ganglion that normally supplies the forelimb was removed from tadpoles and replaced with 2 thoracic ganglia. After the tadpoles completed metamorphosis, the peripheral and central connections of the transplanted thoracic sensory neurons were examined with anatomical and electrophysiological techniques. When the ganglia were transplanted at stage XIV or earlier, transplanted sensory neurons innervated the forelimb and projected into the brachial spinal cord. Electrical stimulation of forelimb muscle nerves evoked impulses in the dorsal root, indicating that some centrally projecting sensory neurons were muscle afferents. Furthermore, muscle afferents were also activated by stretching muscles which suggest that they terminated on spindles. HRP labeling of the central projections revealed that transplanted sensory neurons terminated at sites characteristic of both cutaneous and muscle afferents. The pattern of synaptic connections was assessed by recording intracellularly from motoneurons. Stimulation of muscle afferents produced monosynaptic EPSPs in motoneurons. As in normal frogs, triceps muscle afferents projected more strongly to triceps motoneurons than to subscapularis and pectoralis motoneurons, while subscapularis afferents projected to all 3 types of motoneurons. Thus, the transplanted sensory neurons formed central connections appropriate to their novel peripheral targets. These observations suggest that interactions between sensory neurons and their targets may be important in determining their central connections. PMID- 3494822 TI - Immune complexes and complement activation following rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) and complement activation (plasma C3d levels) were monitored during a 2-week period in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms and also in patients with cerebral hematoma unrelated to saccular aneurysms. Thirteen of 18 aneurysm patients were found to have CIC on admission as compared to three of 21 healthy blood donors (p less than 0.001). The presence of CIC in aneurysm patients was associated with a poor prognosis. Eight of nine patients who developed angiographic vasospasm had CIC on admission compared with one of four without vasospasm. Patients with vasospasm showed a twofold increase in plasma C3d levels at the time when the spasm occurred, whereas no significant changes in the C3d concentration could be demonstrated in aneurysm patients without spasm or in patients with hematoma unrelated to aneurysm rupture. These findings suggest that immunological processes involving complement-activating immune complexes are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm following rupture of saccular aneurysms. PMID- 3494823 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of gadolinium-labeled monoclonal antibody polymers directed at human T lymphocytes implanted in canine brain. AB - Two different murine monoclonal anti-human T cell antibodies, that were coupled to gadolinium (Gd), bind specifically to human T lymphocyte cells implanted in canine brain. This binding was at a concentration of Gd sufficient to detect the implanted cells and to distinguish them from the surrounding brain tissue with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a field strength of 1.5 Tesla. These Gd labeled immunoglobulin preparations did not bind bovine T cells at a concentration sufficient to be detected on MRI. A protein solution containing the immunoglobulins (100 micrograms), gelatin (2 mg), and bovine serum albumin (2.5 mg) was reacted with the dianhydride of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA); the DTPA serves as a metal chelator and as a protein crosslinking agent. The DTPA-protein complex was reacted with Gd chloride. There were approximately 10 DTPA residues per protein molecule in the modified protein mixture. Isolated human or bovine monocytes (approximately 12 million cells) were implanted in the brains of anesthetized dogs in a volume of 40 microliters. The blood-brain barrier was then disrupted by the intra-arterial injection of hyperosmotic mannitol, and the Gd-labeled antibodies were injected through a catheter placed at the branch of the internal and external carotid arteries. The brains were imaged 48 to 72 hours later. The MRI scans revealed a markedly decreased T1 relaxation time with a high signal intensity (TE = 25 msec, TR = 200 msec) related to the human T cell implants. There was no evidence of decreased T1 at the site of the bovine T cells. Neither control murine gamma globulin coupled to Gd-DTPA nor anti-human T cell antibodies uncoupled to Gd modified the MRI contrast of the human T cells in the brain. PMID- 3494824 TI - Positron emission tomography in aging and dementia: effect of cerebral atrophy. AB - The spatial resolution of current positron emission tomography (PET) scanners does not allow a distinction between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing spaces and contiguous brain tissue. Data analysis strategies which therefore purport to quantify cerebral metabolism per unit mass brain tissue are in fact measuring a value which may be artifactually reduced due to contamination by CSF. We studied cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in 17 healthy elderly individuals and 24 patients with Alzheimer's dementia using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and PET. All subjects underwent x-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning at the time of their PET study. The XCT scans were analyzed volumetrically, in order to determine relative areas for ventricles, sulci, and brain tissue. Global CMRglc was calculated before and after correction for contamination by CSF (cerebral atrophy). A greater increase in global CMRglc after atrophy correction was seen in demented individuals compared with elderly controls (16.9% versus 9.0%, p less than 0.0005). Additional preliminary data suggest that volumetric analysis of proton-NMR images may prove superior to analysis of XCT data in quantifying the degree of atrophy. Appropriate corrections for atrophy should be employed if current PET scanners are to accurately measure actual brain tissue metabolism in various pathologic states. PMID- 3494825 TI - Fluorine-18 labeling of proteins. AB - Two fluorine-18-labeled reagents, methyl 3-[18F]fluoro-5-nitrobenzimidate and 4 [18F]fluorophenacyl bromide, have been prepared for covalent attachment of fluorine-18 to proteins. Both reagents can be prepared in moderate yields (30 50%, EOB) in synthesis times of 50-70 min. Reaction of these reagents with proteins (human serum albumin, human fibrinogen, and human immunoglobulin A) is pH independent, protein concentration dependent, and takes 5-60 min at mild pH (8.0) and temperature (25-37 degrees C), in yields up to 95% (corrected). The 18F labeled proteins are purified by size exclusion chromatography. PMID- 3494826 TI - Bleeding rates necessary for detecting acute gastrointestinal bleeding with technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells in an experimental model. AB - Proponents of [99mTc]sulfur colloid for GI bleeding studies argue that, although labeled red blood cells are useful for intermittent bleeding, they are not capable of detecting low bleeding rates. Studies of dogs with experimental GI bleeding have indicated bleeding rates of 0.05 ml/min can be detected with [99mTc]sulfur colloid. Since similar data in the dog model were unavailable for 99mTc-labeled red blood cells, we undertook this study. To simulate lower GI bleeding, catheters were inserted into the bowel lumen. Each dog's blood was labeled with 99mTc using an in vitro technique. Venous blood was then withdrawn and re-infused into the lumen of the bowel using a Harvard pump. Fourteen dogs were studied, ten receiving a bleeding rate from 4.6-0.02 ml/min in the descending colon and four with proximal jejunal bleeds of 0.20-0.02 ml/min. Bleeding rates of 4.6-0.2 ml/min were detected within 10 min in the colon and bleeding rates as low as 0.04 ml/min were seen by 55 min. Slower bleeding rates were not detected. Similar findings were noted for proximal jejunal bleeds. Based on the time of appearance, a minimum volume of approximately 2-3 ml labeled blood was necessary to detect bleeding. We conclude that 99mTc-labeled RBCs are sensitive for low bleeding rates in the dog model. The rates are comparable to those described for [99mTc]sulfur colloid in this experimental setting. The time of appearance of activity is related to the bleeding rate. PMID- 3494827 TI - Detection of gastroduodenal ulcers using technetium-99m-labeled sucralfate. AB - Sucralfate is an effective medication for treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers, and 99mTc-labeled sucralfate has been found to adhere to ulcers. In this study, we examined the reliability of confirming the diagnosis of gastroduodenal ulcers- previously detected by endoscopy and histology--by means of sucralfate labeled with 99mTc, imaging 1 and 2 hr after oral administration. Eighteen out of 23 patients were positive by scintigraphy with this method (sensitivity = 78%). In five patients with gastroduodenal bleeding, the study was positive. The procedure was well tolerated and offered a noninvasive procedure that can be performed at the bedside in critically ill patients, and in follow-up of fragile patients. PMID- 3494828 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: imaging with CT, MRI, and PET. AB - A patient with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) was tested with a series of CT scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomographic (PET) images. The computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed the classical pattern described in ALD but showed little relation to the clinical presentation and the evolution of the disease. The MRI showed a larger area of abnormality than the one detected with the CT scan and was more sensitive to progression of the disease process. The PET scan done for cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism showed derangements on gray matter that were not detected with either of the previous tests. PMID- 3494829 TI - Improved SPECT using simultaneous emission and transmission tomography. AB - A method is proposed to simultaneously record single photon emission and transmission tomographic (SPECT) studies to produce a map of attenuation coefficients (mu) for the body. A dual radionuclide SPECT acquisition is performed with a transmission source attached to a rotating gamma camera of lower energy than the emission radionuclide. Scatter from the emission source into the transmission window is removed by subtracting the predicted scatter distribution. The transmission image is then reconstructed to yield the map of attenuation coefficients for anatomic display or attenuation correction purposes. Experimental work has shown that the method can accurately derive mu values to +/ 2.5% in both phantom and patient studies, without increasing acquisition time. Preliminary attenuation correction experiments have demonstrated an accuracy of better than 5% for estimated activity. PMID- 3494830 TI - Two behavioral states studied in a single PET/FDG procedure: theory, method, and preliminary results. AB - We have developed a method that allows two sets of regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRglc) to be obtained in a single extended procedure using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). This is an adaptation of the deoxyglucose method, with the addition of a second injection of FDG immediately after completion of the first scan, then followed 30 min later by a second scan. A model has been developed to allow for correction of measured tracer concentration in the second scan by subtracting the predicted remnant from the first scan. The possible applications of this method in studying behavior metabolism relationships are demonstrated. The preliminary results show 6%-12% changes in rCMRglc values for appropriate brain regions when the behavioral state is altered, but show 0%-5% change in rCMRglc values when the behavioral state is unchanged. The method can contribute significantly to the understanding of behavior-metabolism relationships by allowing the noninvasive study of two behavioral states in a single PET procedure. PMID- 3494831 TI - Quantitative emission tomography. PMID- 3494832 TI - [Studies on body sway of patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorder- with special reference to characteristic sway in various stages of spontaneous nystagmus]. PMID- 3494833 TI - Cyclical serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations paralleling sunshine exposure in exclusively breast-fed infants. PMID- 3494834 TI - Failure of a single dose of ceftriaxone to eradicate nasopharyngeal colonization of Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 3494835 TI - Pediatric surgeons can and should perform colonoscopy. AB - We describe our six-year experience in establishing a colonoscopy service in a pediatric surgical center in Hong Kong. A total of 65 colonoscopies on 60 children (aged 1 to 16 years) were performed, with the pediatric surgeon being the collaborator in the first 27 examinations and the endoscopist in the subsequent 38 examinations. Except on two occasions when bowel preparation was inadequate, all examinations were successful. General anesthesia was employed initially but with more experience, sedation alone (37 cases) was found to be adequate in most children and even in infants. Barium enema was available in 20 cases and had a low diagnostic accuracy in comparison to colonoscopy, being incorrect in six cases and inconclusive in one case. Therapeutic procedures with colonoscopy included removal of arteriovenous malformation (1) and polypectomy (37); 24 polyps were situated beyond the reach of rigid sigmoidoscopes and two patients had previous failed polyp removal by laparotomy in another hospital. There were no complications in our series. Our experience suggests that pediatric colonoscopy is a useful procedure that can be safely and effectively performed by pediatric surgeons after adequate training. PMID- 3494837 TI - Acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage. PMID- 3494836 TI - Kinetics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in stage IV-S neuroblastoma. AB - The kinetics of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a patient with stage IV-S neuroblastoma were examined for 2 months. CTL were detectable during the preoperative and postoperative periods in this stage IV-S neuroblastoma patient, in spite of the tumor-bearing condition. Furthermore, the patient's mother showed the same level of CTL. This experiment suggests that patients with stage IV-S neuroblastoma have a constantly high level of CTL, and that this immunologic response is predominantly hereditary. PMID- 3494838 TI - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XIX. Effect of experimental liver disease on the neurotoxicity of theophylline in rats. AB - There are pronounced interindividual differences in the neurotoxicity of theophylline in humans as reflected by the wide range of plasma theophylline concentrations associated with the occurrence of life-threatening, generalized seizures in patients treated with this widely used bronchodilator. The variability indicates that there may be a number of as yet unrecognized risk factors for theophylline neurotoxicity. After the development of an animal model of theophylline-induced seizures, renal failure was identified as one such risk factor. This investigation was designed to determine if experimental liver disease will alter the neurotoxic effect of theophylline. Studies were performed on rats with extrahepatic cholestasis produced by bile duct ligation and with hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride administration and on respective controls. Theophylline was infused i.v. at 1.03 mg/min until the onset of maximal seizures. Theophylline and theophylline metabolite concentrations at that time were determined in serum (unbound and total drug), brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Extrahepatic cholestasis was associated with small increases in unbound theophylline concentration in serum, theophylline concentration in brain and serum free fraction in serum at onset of seizures. The concentrations of theophylline metabolites were negligible. There were no apparent effects of extrahepatic cholestasis or hepatic necrosis on theophylline concentrations at onset of seizures in cerebrospinal fluid, the fluid that was shown in a preceding study to be the best indicator of the theophylline concentration at the site of the neurotoxic effect. It is concluded that experimental liver disease had no apparent effect on the neurotoxicity of theophylline under the conditions of this investigation. PMID- 3494839 TI - Evidence for the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in acetylcholine induced vasodilatation in the intact lung. AB - The vascular effects of acetylcholine were evaluated in blood-free lungs of rabbits perfused in situ at a constant flow rate of 15 ml/min with Kreb's bicarbonate solution containing 3% dextran. Infusion of 1 microM acetylcholine normally elicited vasoconstriction. However, acetylcholine (3.0 nM-1.0 microM) produced concentration-dependent vasodilatation when administered to lungs in which pulmonary artery pressure (i.e., perfusion pressure) was elevated and cyclooxygenase activity was blocked, respectively, by infusing the endoperoxide analog U46619 (2.0-10.0 nM) and 30.0 microM indomethacin. Three additional groups of lungs treated with indomethacin and preconstricted with U46619 were challenged twice with 1.0 microM acetylcholine. Two of the groups were equilibrated with an infusion of either 20.0 microM quinacrine or 10.0 microM ferrous hemoglobin before and during their second challenges with acetylcholine and a control group received no treatment between trials. Neither quinacrine nor hemoglobin altered base-line pulmonary artery pressure, but both agents reversed the effect of acetylcholine from vasodilatation to vasoconstriction. This study agrees with previous reports of a pulmonary vasoconstrictor action of acetylcholine dependent on an intact cyclooxygenase pathway, but also provides new evidence for a vasodilator action of acetylcholine in the intact lungs of rabbits. Quinacrine and hemoglobin are known to antagonize the endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle elicited by acetylcholine; therefore, this study provides indirect evidence supporting a role for the endothelium-derived relaxing factor in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone. PMID- 3494840 TI - Inhibitory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on excitation and contraction of smooth muscles of the rat vas deferens. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits the twitch response of the rat vas deferens induced by nerve stimulation. Inasmuch as CGRP-like immunoreactive nerves were demonstrated to be present in the rat vas deferens, the effect of CGRP on the contractile activity of the tissue was pharmacologically and electrophysiologically analyzed in vitro. The twitch response of the vas deferens induced by transmural nerve stimulation was inhibited by rat CGRP, porcine CGRP and human CGRP (hCGRP). Both ED50 values and the extent of the maximum inhibition of the twitch response were the same for these CGRP groups. hCGRP (10(-8) to 10( 7) M) hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle cells but did not affect the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials induced by nerve stimulation. Neither the frequency of occurrence nor the amplitude of spontaneous junction potentials were affected by hCGRP. The threshold potentials for the generation of action potentials were less negative in the presence of hCGRP. hCGRP reduced slightly the contraction of the tissue induced by norepinephrine and by adenosine 5'-triphosphate. hCGRP reduced markedly the contractions induced by direct electrical stimulation of both denervated and normal tissues in the presence of tetrodotoxin. These results indicate that CGRP does not affect the release of a sympathetic neurotransmitter. CGRP appears to attenuate the contraction of the rat vas deferens through suppression of both the excitability and excitation-contraction coupling of the smooth muscle. PMID- 3494841 TI - Disposition of the monoclonal antibody-vinca alkaloid conjugate KS1/4-DAVLB (LY256787) and free 4-desacetylvinblastine in tumor-bearing nude mice. AB - The monoclonal antibody-vinca alkaloid conjugate, KS1/4-DAVLB (LY256787), and free 4-desacetylvinblastine (DAVLB) were administered i.v. to male athymic nude mice bearing P3/UCLA human lung adenocarcinoma tumors. Although the plasma pharmacokinetics were similar between LY256787 and DAVLB (terminal plasma half lives of 62 and 83 hr, respectively), substantial differences in the volumes of distribution and initial redistribution-elimination phases were found. Uptake of LY256787 into tumor was apparent, with maximal radioequivalent concentrations measured 96 hr after dosing; no similar uptake was found after dosing with free DAVLB. The ratios of concentrations of drug radioequivalents in tumor to those in other tissues were generally greater than 1.0 when measured 24 to 48 hr after dosing with LY256787 but were less than 1.0 after free DAVLB. These data support the concept of site-specific delivery to the tumor tissue of the vinca alkaloid by the antibody. Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution were compared in males and females with a lower dose of LY256787. No sex-related differences in the plasma pharmacokinetics were found (terminal half-lives of 90 and 84 hr in males and females). Some sex-related biodistribution differences occurred. In all studies, the primary route of elimination was fecal. These studies suggest that the KS1/4 monoclonal antibody targets DAVLB to the P3/UCLA human lung adenocarcinoma in vivo in the human xenograft model and that an increased therapeutic index may be achieved with LY256787 over conventional free drug therapy. PMID- 3494842 TI - Immune rosettes of T and B lymphocytes in infertile women with endometriosis. AB - We examined the cell-mediated immune response in women with pelvic endometriosis by quantitating their T and B lymphocytes. The study was conducted on heparinized peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid. The results were compared with those in a control group of women without evidence of endometriosis. Each patient underwent laparoscopy as part of her infertility evaluation. The ability of T cells to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes was used to estimate the percentage of total and active T cells. B lymphocytes were quantitated by erythrocyte antibody complement binding capacity. In addition, T and B lymphocytes were assayed with the Immunobead technique using specific monoclonal antibodies. The helper T cell (T4) and suppressor T cell (T8) subsets of lymphocytes were evaluated with specific monoclonal antibodies coupled to microbeads. The results demonstrated an increased number of T and B cells in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood from patients with endometriosis as compared with controls. Furthermore, the ratio T4:T8 was significantly increased in patients with endometriosis. These results suggest a cell-mediated immune response in the presence of endometriosis. PMID- 3494843 TI - Uncontrollable intraabdominal hemorrhage treated with packing and use of a MAST suit. A case report. AB - Uncontrollable hemorrhage can occur during any surgical procedure, and only an organized approach to its control will minimize morbidity and mortality. When routine hemostatic measures fail, extraordinary methods must be used. The use of intraabdominal packs with a MAST (medical antishock trousers) suit successfully controlled a life-threatening hemorrhage in one such patient. PMID- 3494844 TI - Interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis: clinicopathological study. AB - We studied 14 cases of polymyositis-dermatomyositis (PM-DM) and found roentgenographic evidence of interstitial lung disease in 9 patients with DM (64.3%). Serum anti-Jo-1 antibody was demonstrated in only one case. Histologically, interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis were noted in all cases. Deposition of immunoglobulins along the alveolar interstitium was not found in any case. Response to corticosteroid therapy was poor, and 6 cases (67%) succumbed to respiratory failure and died. We conclude that interstitial lung disease in DM occurs more frequently than previously reported and may be an important prognostic factor. PMID- 3494845 TI - Anticardiolipin antibodies during pregnancy. AB - A case of antinuclear antibody negative systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by repeated vessel occlusion and spontaneous abortions, in which anticardiolipin antibodies seemed to be transiently present during early pregnancy is reported. The possible role of the antibodies inducing abortion is discussed. PMID- 3494846 TI - Methotrexate toxicity in a patient receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3494847 TI - Anti-Ro antibody in a population of German patients. PMID- 3494848 TI - Interleukin-1 secretion by peripheral blood monocytes and synovial macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Blood monocytes and synovial fluid and tissue macrophages were examined for their ability to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1) measured in a mouse thymocyte proliferation assay. Spontaneous production of IL-1 by monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis was higher than that by cells from normal subjects, patients with osteoarthritis or patients with RA treated with gold. IL-1 production in response to LPS stimulation was similar in all groups. Spontaneous IL-1 production by synovial fluid macrophages from patients with RA was similar to that of their monocytes, but the response to LPS was smaller. Synovial tissue macrophages produced little IL-1. Similar results were obtained in assays of fibroblast proliferation. PMID- 3494849 TI - 6-Methyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3 alpha-ol 2,2-diphenylpropionate (azaprophen), a highly potent antimuscarinic agent. AB - The synthesis and antimuscarinic properties of 6-methyl-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan 3 alpha-ol 2,2-diphenylpropionate (1, azaprophen) are described. Azaprophen is 50 times more potent than atropine as an antimuscarinic agent as measured by the inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum and is more than 1000 times better than atropine in its ability to block alpha-amylase release from pancreatic acini cells induced by carbachol. In addition, azaprophen is 27 times more potent than atropine as an inhibitor of binding of [N-methyl 3H]scopolamine to muscarinic receptors, with human IMR-30 neuroblastoma cells. The potencies of azaprophen and atropine in altering operant behavior were similar. The structural features of 1 are compared to the standard anticholinergic drugs atropine and quinuclidinyl benzilate by using energy calculations and molecular modelling studies. A modification of the pharmacophore model hypothesis for cholinergic agents is suggested. PMID- 3494850 TI - Response of T-cell-deficient mice to ozone exposure. AB - The number, appearance, and functional reactivity of T-lymphocytes of mediastinal lymph nodes are altered during experimental ozone inhalation. The purpose of the present work is to determine how the lymph nodes and lungs of a mutant strain of animal, which lacks this type of cell, differ in their response to ozone exposure when compared with animals that possess a normal complement of lymphocytes. We exposed athymic nude (nu/nu) mice or heterozygous (nu/+) euthymic mice to 0.7 ppm ozone for 20 h/d for 7 or 14 d while maintaining control groups in clean air. At 7 d the lymph-node hyperplastic response normally seen in euthymic, ozone-exposed animals was greatly reduced in exposed athymic animals. By both 7 and 14 d, greater damage had occurred in the lungs of ozone-exposed, athymic animals than in similarly exposed euthymic animals. Lung wet weight divided by body weight, which was used as a general indicator of lung damage, increased by substantially more in athymic animals than in conventional animals. In a parallel manner, quantitative microscopic analysis, a more sensitive indicator, revealed a marked increase in the lung lesion volumes. Qualitative histologic analysis showed that the change in the response in the athymic animal was most prominent in the peripheral region of the lung extending from the alveolar duct to the alveoli, and was characterized by a greater acute inflammatory cell reaction. Possible mechanisms by which the T-cell could produce the observed effect include secretion of factors that enhance inherent resistance of the lung's target cells, or alterations in the way the inflammatory response to ozone-mediated damage occurs. The results support the idea that the mediastinal lymph node lymphocyte response is adaptive in nature and aids in protecting the lung from ozone mediated effects. PMID- 3494851 TI - A laboratory model for studying blast overpressure injury. AB - Blast injury remains an important source of trauma in both civilian and military settings. We have studied a recently developed blast wave generator to evaluate its effectiveness for laboratory study of blast injury. In order to determine the reliability of the device and the pathology of the lesions caused by the short duration (0.5-1.0 msec), and high intensity (60-375 psi) pressure wave, laboratory rats were exposed to the pressure waves generated by the machine. The animals were divided into three groups: the first exposed to midthoracic blasts, the second to abdominal blasts, and a group of controls exposed to a gentle stream of gas. Group I showed gross and microscopic evidence of lung blast injury of "rib imprint" hemorrhages, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, marked increase in lung weight, prolonged apnea, and bradycardia. Group II showed typical blunt abdominal trauma at the closest ranges, but characteristic submucosal hemorrhages up to 4.0 cm from the blast nozzle. In both groups, a protective effect was seen in heavier animals. The blast wave generator permits reproducible blast injury in the laboratory that is safer and faster than current methods. The lung and bowel lesions induced are grossly and microscopically similar to injuries of blast exposure seen in clinical patients. PMID- 3494852 TI - Synovial pseudarthrosis: a clinical, roentgenographic-scintigraphic, and pathologic study. AB - Seventy-six patients with synovial pseudarthrosis were reviewed. This is a distinct pathologic entity which is a different form of nonunion. The humerus, femur, and tibia were the bones most commonly involved. Routine roentgenograms were not beneficial but 99mTc scans were useful for identifying this entity in 93% of cases. Light and electron microscopy revealed normal synovial lining tissue. Motion and infection may lead to the development of this condition. The results of treatment were a 43% success rate in infected cases and 59% for noninfected cases, which is far different from that of regular nonunion. PMID- 3494853 TI - Night blindness associated with vitamin A deficiency in countries of south-east Asia. PMID- 3494854 TI - Cell transformation by a virus containing a molecularly constructed gag-erbB fused gene. AB - A provirus DNA that contains a gag-erbB fused gene as the sole and transforming gene was molecularly constructed from plasmid pSRA2 containing the entire genome of Rous sarcoma virus and pAE7.7 containing the entire genome of an avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV), AEV-H. A virus containing the gag-erbB fused gene (GEV) was recovered from chicken embryo fibroblasts transfected with the proviral DNA and a helper virus DNA. GEV could transform chicken embryo fibroblasts as efficiently as could AEV-H. Anti-erbB and anti-gag sera immunoprecipitated a protein with a molecular weight of about 110,000 from GEV-transformed cells. The erbB and gag-erbB fused-gene products in AEV-H- and GEV-transformed cells were analyzed. PMID- 3494856 TI - Volume and outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3494855 TI - Mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection: treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice with monoclonal antibodies reveals that Lyt 2+ T lymphocytes mediate clearance of virus and regulate the antiviral antibody response. AB - After intravenous infection of mice, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus multiplied in spleens and livers, attaining highest concentrations on days 4 to 6. The subsequent clearance was as rapid, and 8 to 10 days after inoculation, infectivity was usually below detectability. During the effector phase of virus elimination, both cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity and the number of cells producing antiviral antibodies were high. Monoclonal antibodies directed against T lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets were inoculated once intravenously 5, 6, or 7 days after infection of the animals, and the effects on antiviral immune responses, as well as on elimination of virus from the organs, were determined. Treatment with anti-Thy-1 and anti-Lyt-2 antibodies blocked elimination of the virus and profoundly diminished the activity of spleen CTLs but reduced the antibody response partially (anti-Thy-1) or increased it (anti-Lyt-2). In contrast, treatment with the anti-L3T4 antibody had essentially no effect on either virus elimination or CTL response but abolished antibody production. We conclude that Lyt-2+ (cytotoxic-suppressive) T lymphocytes are needed for elimination of the virus and also regulate the humoral response but that antiviral antibodies are not essential for control of the infection. PMID- 3494857 TI - Serologic and immunologic studies in patients with AIDS in North America and Africa. The potential role of infectious agents as cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - Serologic and immunologic studies were performed in 38 African and 60 US patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 100 African and 100 US heterosexual men and women, and 100 US homosexual men to examine the potential role of infectious agents in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A and B viruses, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis among the African and US patients with AIDS, African heterosexual controls, and US homosexual men. However, these four groups all demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of antibodies to each of these infectious agents compared with US heterosexual men. Immunologic studies demonstrated a significant elevation of activated lymphocytes (HLA-DR and T3 positive) and immune complexes in both AIDS populations and African heterosexual and US homosexual populations, compared with the US heterosexual population. These data demonstrate that the immune systems of African heterosexuals, similar to those of US homosexual men, are in a chronically activated state associated with chronic viral and parasitic antigenic exposure, which may cause them to be particularly susceptible to HIV infection or disease progression. PMID- 3494858 TI - Africa and the biology of human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3494859 TI - Evidence mounts that other infections may trigger AIDS virus replication. PMID- 3494860 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Pertussis immunization; family history of convulsions and use of antipyretics--supplementary ACIP statement. PMID- 3494861 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow in brain tumors analyzed by N-isopropyl-(123I)-p iodoamphetamine (IMP)]. AB - N-Isopropyl-(123I)-p-Iodoamphetamine (IMP), a newly developed tracer for regional cerebral blood flow, was applied to 18 patients with brain tumors. The static scan images were obtained by a single photon emission CT 20 minutes after IMP injection, and revealed decreased IMP uptake in the tumor region in 17 out of 18 patients. This result suggests the lack of an IMP-trapping mechanism in the tumor. In dynamic scan images, which were taken every 2 minutes just after IMP injection, IMP uptake in the tumor was intermediate between that of contralateral white matter and gray matter, and it increased momentarily in accordance with that of the gray and white matter. This finding indicates that the IMP uptake in a dynamic scan would express the regional tissue blood flow in the tumor. PMID- 3494862 TI - [A case of a 90-year-old woman with B-cell lymphoma presenting with pleural effusion and hemorrhagic pericardial effusion]. PMID- 3494863 TI - [The pathogenesis of acquired von Willebrand's disease in a patient with asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy; malignant lymphoma developing 30 months after onset of bruising]. PMID- 3494864 TI - [Childhood chronic myelogenous leukemia with blastic crisis showing pre-B cell and myelocytic phenotypes]. PMID- 3494865 TI - [Acute mixed leukemia with two cell populations of B lymphoblasts and myeloblasts with Auer bodies: a case report]. PMID- 3494866 TI - [Significance of transcatheter control of acute arterial gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3494867 TI - [Value of regional cerebral perfusion SPECT with N-isopropyl-(I-123)p iodoamphetamine (IMP) in brain tumors]. PMID- 3494868 TI - [Evaluation of estimation method for organ volume and uptake with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)]. PMID- 3494869 TI - [Cerebral blood flow study by 133Xe inhalation and single photon emission CT in occlusive cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 3494870 TI - [Quantitative analysis of exercise stress thallium-201 myocardial tomography: the evaluation of bull's-eye map representation for the detection of coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3494871 TI - [A study of increasing the resolution of the SPECT image]. PMID- 3494872 TI - Production of colony-stimulating factor by sarcoid granulomas in vitro. AB - To examine whether sarcoid epithelioid cells of granulomatous lesions produce colony-stimulating factor (CSF), a growth factor of monocyte-macrophage series, the primary culture of sarcoid epithelioid cells was carried out from 16 biopsied lymph nodes which contained sarcoid granulomas, CSF activity was demonstrated at high titer in the conditioned media from all the epithelioid cell cultures. The conditioned medium of the epithelioid cell culture was harvested, concentrated by Amicon YM-10 membrane, and loaded on a Sephadex G-75 column. Two distinct peaks of CSF activity were noted just before and after bovine serum albumin region. The molecular weights were estimated at about 75,000 and 36,000, respectively. Both CSF fractions stimulated colony formation by murine bone marrow cells. The lower molecular weight CSF was active on human bone marrow cells, but the higher molecular weight CSF did not stimulate colony formation by human bone marrow cells. PMID- 3494873 TI - Chronic idiopathic neutropenia with hypergammaglobulinemia. AB - Chronic idiopathic neutropenia can occur in spite of the normocellular bone marrow in myeloid series with or without anti-neutrophilic antibody. We report a patient with chronic neutropenia and severe polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The patient demonstrated a positive anti-neutrophil antibody by fluorocytometry, although granulocyte-specific anti-nuclear factor and anti-stem cell (CFU-GM) antibody were negative. Thus, neutropenia of this patient appeared to be due to the antibody-mediated destruction of neutrophils. Both neutropenia and hypergammaglobulinemia were normalized by the administration of prednisone. PMID- 3494874 TI - Clinical aspects of hyper- and hypo-mineralocorticoidism. PMID- 3494875 TI - Intraabdominal bleeding attributed to ruptured periumbilical varices. A case report and a review of the literature. AB - A 50 year old man, who had had liver cirrhosis of 10 years, without previous variceal bleeding, presented with sudden abdominal pain, distension and hypotension and was admitted. The diagnosis of ruptured periumbilical varices was established at laparotomy. Despite surgical intervention to halt the bleeding varices the patient died of hepatic failure fourteen days postoperatively. The differential diagnosis and management of hemoperitoneum in this cirrhotic patient are discussed, and sixteen previously reported cases of intraabdominal variceal bleeding are reviewed. PMID- 3494877 TI - [Relation between the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction and specific sensitization of lymphocytes and lymphotoxin production]. AB - Seventy-eight patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined in order to assess the place of immune response caused by myocardial necrosis in the clinical pattern of the disease. The extent of autosensitization was estimated on the basis of E-RFC inhibition and lymphotoxin production in lymphocyte cultures in the presence of myocardial antigen. Sensitized lymphocytes emerge in the blood during the second week in primary acute MI, and during the first day in repeated acute MI. Patients with marked autosensitization more frequently developed recurrent anginal attacks and cardiovascular insufficiency; they were the only ones to show Dressler's syndrome and fatal outcomes. A positive correlation between cell sensitization and elevated IgG was seen during the third week of the disease. Lymphotoxin production tended to be increased in patients with repeated acute MI and Dressler's syndrome. PMID- 3494876 TI - Potent effects of the monoclonal antibody-mitomycin C conjugate on human colon cancers. AB - The effects of the monoclonal antibody-mitomycin C conjugate against human colon cancers were studied, in vitro and in vivo. Mitomycin C (MMC) was conjugated with the human colon cancer-specific monoclonal antibody, using a cyanogen bromide method. The effect of the conjugate and free MMC, in vitro, was measured by incubation with human colon cancer SW1116 cells. The MMC concentration of the conjugate and of free MMC needed for 50 per cent killing of target cells was 0.11 microgram/ml and 7.00 micrograms/ml, respectively. The effect of the conjugate and of free MMC, in vivo, was assayed by the growth inhibition of human colon cancer xenografted in nude mice, after intraperitoneal injections of 30 micrograms MMC/kg. Antitumor effects of the conjugate against the cancer in nude mice were significantly more potent than that of free MMC. PMID- 3494878 TI - [Effect of breast feeding management on the frequency and duration breast feeding]. PMID- 3494879 TI - [Effectiveness of health education on breast feeding behavior in the Erfurt-Land district]. PMID- 3494880 TI - [Neurinoma of the small intestine causing profuse intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3494881 TI - [Hereditary diseases with lens dislocation: clinical aspects]. AB - Ectopia lentis is a common denominator of some connective tissue diseases such as Weill-Marchesani, Ehlers-Danlos, and Marfan's syndromes, osteogenesis imperfecta and homocystinuria. Early differential diagnosis (e.g., Marfan's syndrome vs. homocystinuria) is mandatory for prognostic (aortic aneurysm in Marfan's syndrome), therapeutic (dietetic and vitamin therapy in homocystinuria), and genetic reasons (genetic counseling). PMID- 3494882 TI - Prevalence of HIV antibodies in groups at risk in Zurich, Switzerland. AB - The prevalence of HIV antibodies in various groups at risk was studied in 1,546 persons in Zurich. The prevalence was 17% (39/236) in homosexual men, 7% (13/180) in bisexual men, and 45% (14/31) and 42% (22/53) in female and male intravenous drug abusers, respectively. Heterosexual transmission appeared to be the route of infection in four seropositive persons (two women and two men) who had no homosexual contacts and were not drug abusers (4/1050). PMID- 3494883 TI - Metabolic aspects of small bowel transplantation in inbred rats. AB - An inbred rat model of small bowel transplantation was used to study the metabolic consequences of systemic venous drainage of the graft. Lewis rats received either Lewis (isograft) or Lewis X Brown Norway F1 (allograft) small bowel grafts. Venous drainage of the isografts was to either the portal vein or the inferior vena cava. Allograft recipients underwent systemic venous drainage and were treated with a 4-week course of tapering cyclosporine. Ammonia levels in systemically drained isografts (108 +/- 5 microM/100 ml) were more than twice those in portally drained isografts (38 +/- 3, P less than 0.001), while amino acid analysis showed significant elevations in glycine, serine, asparagine, histidine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Ammonia levels decreased and amino acid alterations were generally corrected when animals were fed a modified protein diet low in aromatic and high in branched chain amino acids. Recipients of both systemically and portally drained isografts grew normally, while weight gain in allograft recipients was impaired. We conclude that systemic venous drainage of small bowel grafts results in altered ammonia and amino acid levels that resemble those found in models of hepatic encephalopathy; these changes can be significantly ameliorated by dietary modification; and the compromised growth seen in systemically drained allografted animals results from chronic rejection and/or cyclosporine rather than the partial porto-systemic shunt. PMID- 3494884 TI - Complement in local biliary tract defense: dissociation between bile complement and acute phase reactants in cholecystitis. AB - Biliary complement concentrations and activity are lower in patients with infected bile than in those with sterile bile in cholecystitis. Plasma complement is increased during the acute phase response to inflammation. To determine whether low biliary complement in infected bile is a specific response to biliary tract infection or part of a general systemic reaction, we analyzed bile complement proteins (C3 and C4) and activity (C4H50) and acute phase reactants fibronectin, C-reactive protein, and alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations in acute and chronic cholecystitis. Results were correlated with bile cultures and gallbladder histology using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. While biliary C3, C4, and C4H50 were significantly lower in infected bile than in sterile bile, none of the acute phase reactants were different. The biliary acute phase reactants were all significantly higher in acute cholecystitis than in chronic disease, but there was no difference in the biliary C3, C4, or C4H50 levels. There was no clear relationship between plasma levels of complement and the acute phase reactants. The dissociation between biliary complement and acute phase reactants indicates that bile complement is not a reflection of a systemic reaction to inflammation. We propose that biliary complement is a specific host defense mechanism against bacterial infection in the biliary tract. PMID- 3494885 TI - Fifteen hundred coronary reoperations. Results and determinants of early and late survival. AB - Fifteen hundred consecutive patients undergoing a first reoperation for coronary revascularization were reviewed to determine early and late results and predictors of survival. Patients were subdivided into cohorts on the basis of the year of reoperation: Group A (1967 to 1978, 436 patients); Group B (1979 to 1981, 439 patients); and Group C (1982 to 1984, 625 patients). Overall operative mortality was 3.4% (51 deaths): 4.6%, 2.3%, and 3.4% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Group C had significantly more women (p = 0.01) and patients with triple-vessel disease, left main coronary artery stenosis (greater than or equal to 50%), abnormal left ventricular function, age greater than or equal to 70 years, and graft failure as a surgical indication (all p less than 0.001). The mean interval between operations increased from 50 months for Group A to 84 months for Group C. At reoperation, Group C patients received more grafts, more internal mammary artery grafts, and had a higher prevalence of complete revascularization (all p less than 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified left main stenosis (p less than 0.0001), Class III or IV symptoms (p = 0.0002), advanced age (p = 0.0006), Group A (p = 0.02), and incomplete revascularization (p = 0.004) as predictors of increased in-hospital mortality. Follow-up of in-hospital survivors (mean interval 54 months, range 13 to 171 months) documented a 5 year survival rate of 90% and a 10 year survival rate of 75%. Multivariate testing identified advanced age (p less than 0.0001), hypertension (p less than 0.0001), and abnormal left ventricular function (p less than 0.0001) as predictors of decreased late survival. PMID- 3494886 TI - Complement activation during major operations with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Plasma concentrations of the complement products C3dg and the terminal complement complex, as well as the number of granulocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils), were assessed in patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass with extracorporeal circulation, abdominal aneurysmectomy with implantation of an aortic graft, or thoracotomy without the introduction of synthetic material into the circulation. The concentration of terminal complement complex increased significantly only in the group undergoing extracorporeal circulation, with a corresponding drop in the number of granulocytes. In contrast, the C3dg concentration increased during both extracorporeal circulation and abdominal aneurysmectomy, which indicates that other factors than extracorporeal circulation may affect C3 activation during major operations. In the thoracotomy group, where the most pronounced increase in granulocytes was found, no complement activation was recorded. It is concluded that extracorporeal circulation activates the terminal pathway of complement and that assays detecting activation of both the initial and the terminal parts should be included when the pathophysiology of complement is examined during major operations and extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 3494887 TI - Aorta-coronary bypass grafting with heparinized vascular grafts in dogs. A preliminary study. AB - At present, only the autogenous saphenous vein is acceptable in aorta-coronary bypass grafting. We developed a small-caliber vascular graft and evaluated the potential application for aorta-coronary bypass grafting. Canine carotid arteries were cross-linked with polyepoxy compounds, such as polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, which is a new cross-linking reagent, and then heparinized by our own method. The polyepoxy compound-cross-linked graft can keep the natural vessel compliance and is stronger than the glutaraldehyde-cross-linked graft; thus, it provides excellent suturability and compliance match. Heparin was gradually released from the graft wall, and thrombus formation was completely prevented during the period before development of the endothelial lining. As a pilot study, the grafts, 2 to 3 mm in internal diameter and 5 to 7 cm in length, were evaluated as bilateral carotid replacements in five dogs. All grafts were patent at intervals of 14 to 177 days. Histologic examinations showed excellent antithrombogenic and healing characteristics, although the endothelialization was delayed by heparin, which inhibits cell adhesion and fibrin deposition. The 3 mm internal diameter graft was evaluated as an aorta-coronary bypass grafting model in eight dogs. Flow within grafts to the right coronary artery ranged from 25 to 35 ml/min, and flow in the circumflex or left anterior descending grafts ranged from 75 to 100 ml/min. Cineangiography was performed to confirm graft patency. Three dogs died of viral infection and one was killed. At necropsy, the grafts remained patent without thrombi along the graft length. Four dogs were allowed to survive for long-term evaluation. All grafts were patent at time intervals to 21 to 113 days with 100% patency. These results led us to conclude that our newly developed small-caliber vascular graft shows great promise in application for aorta-coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3494888 TI - Coronary bypass without angiography: an unusual circumstance. AB - This paper presents an unusual case of an individual with myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction who also had an anaphylactic reaction to angiographic dye. The coronary bypass operation was guided by the use of intraoperative coronary reactive hyperemia assessed by Doppler ultrasound. The patient has had a good response to the operation without additional angina or difficulties. PMID- 3494889 TI - Graft disease in coronary artery bypass patients. PMID- 3494890 TI - Acid hydrolases in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL): a comparison with normal peripheral B lymphocytes and normal B-cell subset with the phenotype of B leukaemic cells. AB - The acid phosphatase (AP), beta-glucuronidase (BG), and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) distribution and the morphology of stage 0 B-CLL lymphocytes were studied. The results were compared with the same hydrolase equipment and morphology of normal B-cell populations showing the B-CLL-like phenotype, and thus regardable as the possible counterpart of leukaemic cells. The functional and structural characters of the former were strikingly different from those of the latter. In fact the normal B-cell population with B-CLL-like phenotype showed an homogeneous enzyme pattern with predominant ANAE and a strictly lymphocytic cell morphology. In contrast, the leukaemic cells showed various and unrelated morphological and cytochemical features, thus forming apparent subgroups of B CLL. The development of an irregular "switch on" mechanism in the blocked malignant cell clone, may account for these functional and structural maturation discrepancies. Moreover, the fact that in the leukaemic cells ANAE activity could be demonstrated only after the appearance of the other hydrolases, makes it a marker of functionally differentiated B lymphocytes. PMID- 3494892 TI - [Meningoencephalitis and ocular herpes zoster]. PMID- 3494891 TI - An experimental implant for applying a DC electrical field to peripheral nerve. AB - Several studies have shown that nerve fibers grow preferentially toward the cathode when placed in an electrical field. To study the effects of electrical stimulation on in vivo nerve regeneration, an inexpensive implantable current source has been developed which is able to reliably deliver a minute DC current (0.57 microA) via wick electrodes. The current density was measured directly with a vibrating probe and compared to the delivered current. The mean current density along the normal unoperated rat sciatic nerve was 0.19 microA/cm2, while the value along the nerve near the wick electrodes positioned 15 mm apart with an active in vivo implant was 23.39 microA/cm2. This application promises to provide a potentially useful means of enhancing nerve regeneration clinically. PMID- 3494893 TI - [Use of desmopressin in the treatment of mild forms of hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3494894 TI - [Sclerotherapy and/or surgery in bleeding esophageal varices?]. PMID- 3494895 TI - Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the head and neck. AB - Langerhans' cell histiocytosis has been accepted by many to replace the term Histiocytosis X, describing a poorly defined continuum of diseases involving neoplastic proliferation of histiocytes. Twenty-four cases of histologically confirmed Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with head and neck involvement were seen between the years 1970 to 1986, and charts were reviewed retrospectively. Control of local osseous disease was successful using radiation therapy in 100% of those cases with follow-up. Surgical curettage of bone lesions was successful in a small number of cases. Chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation appeared to enhance survival in patients with recurrent disease or multisystem involvement. Sixteen of the 24 patients (67%) are disease free with a mean follow up of 6 years. Prompt diagnosis and careful follow-up are important to improve survival and prevent complications. PMID- 3494896 TI - Reversal of T cell unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 3494897 TI - Analysis of idiotypes expressed by anti-mycobacterial mouse monoclonal antibodies using rabbit antisera. PMID- 3494898 TI - Endothelium-dependent transfer of ethanol tolerance in the aorta. AB - Recent studies have suggested that the endothelium-dependent tolerance to the direct vasoconstrictor effect of ethanol in the rat aorta is mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). This hypothesis was tested directly by employing a sandwich technique which has been used to demonstrate the release and action of EDRF. These experiments measured the ethanol-induced contraction of a spirally-cut aortic strip without endothelium obtained from an ethanol naive control rat. The response of the spiral strip was measured before and after it was sandwiched with a longitudinally-cut aortic strip with or without endothelium obtained from either control or ethanol tolerant rats. There was no significant difference in the ethanol-induced contraction of the spiral strip after beginning sandwiched with a longitudinal strip with or without endothelium obtained from a control rat or with a longitudinal strip without endothelium from a tolerant rat. In contrast, when a longitudinal strip with endothelium from a tolerant rat was sandwiched with the spiral strip the ethanol-induced contraction was significantly reduced. This effect was inhibited by methylene blue but not by indomethacin. Further, the magnitude of the carbachol-induced relaxation of the sandwiched preparation was significantly greater when the longitudinal strip with endothelium was obtained from a tolerant rat than from control rat. These data demonstrate the involvement of EDRF in the endothelium-dependent tolerance to ethanol in the rat aorta. PMID- 3494899 TI - Dysfunction in a prefrontal substrate of sustained attention in schizophrenia. AB - Regional brain metabolism was measured in normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia while they performed an auditory discrimination task designed to emphasize sustained attention. A direct relationship was found in the normal subjects between metabolic rate in the middle prefrontal cortex and accuracy of performance. The metabolic rate in the middle prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, even those who performed as well as normals, was found to be significantly lower than normal and unrelated to performance. The findings point to a role of the mid-prefrontal region in sustained attention and to dysfunction of this region in schizophrenia. PMID- 3494900 TI - In situ characterisation of the (peri)portal inflammatory infiltrate in acute hepatitis A. AB - The portal and acinar zone 1 (periportal) inflammatory infiltrate in acute hepatitis A (HA) strongly resembles piecemeal necrosis (PMN) in chronic hepatitis B (HB). The latter infiltrate has been characterized in detail previously, and a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells has been demonstrated. For comparison we analyzed the infiltrate in acute HA in three liver biopsies, applying a broad panel of monospecific and monoclonal antibodies. In two cases, helper/inducer T cells surrounded by B lymphoid cells represented the main lymphoid subset in all portal areas. In the third liver biopsy, a case of acute HA superimposed on a pre-existing chronic HB, the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate varied from one portal tract to another. Despite the morphological resemblance between the inflammatory infiltrate in acute HA and PMN in chronic HB, a clear-cut difference in the composition of both infiltrates is obvious from our results. By virtue of the presence of numerous suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, PMN in chronic HB represents the morphological expression of a cellular immune response, whereas the predominance of helper/inducer T cells, admixed with B cells and plasma cells in acute HA represents the morphological expression of a humoral immune response. PMID- 3494901 TI - [Emergency endoscopy]. PMID- 3494902 TI - Intracellular sodium and lithium NMR relaxation times in the perfused frog heart. AB - We have used a combination of a shift reagent and mathematical filtering or presaturation of the extracellular sodium resonance for the quantitative investigation of the intracellular sodium and lithium relaxation times in the perfused frog heart. While the T1 of the intracellular sodium was found to consist of a single-exponential time constant (approximately 23 ms), the T2 was better fit as a double-exponential decay with time constants of approximately 2 and 17 ms. However, the relative amplitudes of the two time constants in the T2 decay were found to be inconsistent with those which would be expected from a homogeneous pool of nuclei undergoing quadrupolar interactions. The relaxation times were not changed by a fivefold increase in the intracellular sodium level (due to perfusion with a ouabain-containing buffer). The T1 and T2 of the intracellular lithium (after perfusion with lithium-containing buffer) were both well fit by single exponentials (700- and 31-ms time constants, respectively). PMID- 3494903 TI - [Chronic hepatitis. Its characterization by autoantibodies, B virus markers and functional study of lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 3494904 TI - Vitamin D deficiency in women with femoral neck fracture. AB - Calcium (Ca) metabolism, with particular reference to serum vitamin D metabolites, was investigated in 40 women with femoral neck fracture (mean age 77.1 +/- 8.6 yr). All the patients were ambulant before the fracture; eight were long-term geriatric in-patients. Serum total and ionised calcium and serum albumin levels were significantly lower, and serum parathormone (PTH) levels significantly higher in fracture patients than in controls. Both serum 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2D were significantly lower in fracture patients than in controls. We concluded that vitamin D, serum PTH and calcium levels should be checked with greater frequency in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and osteomalacia before they reach the age of 70. PMID- 3494905 TI - Tobacco and alcohol use among Australian secondary schoolchildren. AB - A national survey of 23,359 Australian schoolchildren who were predominantly in the age range of 12-17 years was undertaken in 1984 to determine their levels of use of tobacco and alcohol. The prevalence of current smoking behaviour (that is, at least one cigarette in the past week) rose with age to 34% among girls and 29% among boys at 15 years of age. The prevalence of current drinking behaviour (that is, at least one drink in the past week) rose with age to 49% among girls and 56% among boys at 17 years of age. Very few pupils reported daily drinking but from 15 years of age between 12% and 14% of the sampled students reported smoking every day. Boys who currently smoked and drank reported higher consumptions of tobacco and alcohol than did girls who currently smoked and drank. Most smoking and drinking took place at weekends. Normal responses for intention to smoke in the future, and for drinkers and smokers "self-referent labels" are also reported, and it is suggested that health education programmes for schoolchildren usefully could be focused on these psychological factors. PMID- 3494906 TI - [Head posture in orthodontics: physiology of head posture. I]. PMID- 3494907 TI - Natural killer cells do not lyse resting or mitogen-stimulated B cells. AB - It has recently been reported that isolated resting natural killer cells lyse autologous resting and mitogen-stimulated B cells. In this report, we have been unable to corroborate these observations and provide indirect evidence that lytic susceptibility is attributable to exposure of the target cells to xenogeneic antigens present in fetal calf serum (FCS). Moreover, we show that interleukin-2 activated killer cells potently lyse normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells which are exposed to FCS. PMID- 3494908 TI - Spontaneous growth of colonies with mature T lineage phenotype from T-cell depleted bone marrow precursors in a patient with a lymphoproliferative disorder of the large granular lymphocytes. AB - Bone marrow cells from a patient with pancytopenia and a lymphoproliferative disorder of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were cultured and tested for their hemopoietic colony-forming potential. Neither erythroid nor granulocyte macrophage colony formation could be obtained from unfractionated, or LGL depleted bone marrow cell preparations. However, a spontaneous growth of lymphoid colonies was observed after culturing LGL-depleted (T3-) bone marrow cell suspensions for 25 days. Pooled colonies expanded with recombinant interleukin-2 yielded a population composed predominantly of mature T cells (T3+, Leu 6-). These findings suggest that some (T3-) T cell precursors may mature in the bone marrow and that, in our patient, LGL may have exerted a suppressor effect on this maturational process. PMID- 3494910 TI - The elderly patient: stress and emergencies. PMID- 3494911 TI - Suicide risk in elderly persons: diagnosis and management. PMID- 3494909 TI - T-lymphocyte colony formation by lymphocytes from patients with aplastic anaemia. AB - T-lymphocyte colonies were cultured using lymphocytes from patients with aplastic anaemia and normal donors to assess their respective proliferative activities. Colony numbers from aplastic patient's cells were lower than from normal donors', though this was not significant. When lymphocytes from patients were co-cultured with normal lymphocytes, inhibition of T-colony formation was observed in 8 out of 12 experiments. As the degree of inhibition was greater than if patient cells grew no colonies, then, clearly, normal T-colony formation was inhibited. This ability of patients' lymphocytes to suppress lymphopoiesis might account for the low levels of patient T-colony formation, as well as low in vivo numbers of lymphocytes found in patients with aplastic anaemia. The role of patients' lymphocytes in causing marrow aplasia was investigated. Although the incorporation of patients' lymphocytes in normal granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-forming systems inhibited colony growth, in only 1 out of 8 patients was this inhibition significantly greater than that caused by the addition of normal lymphocytes to GM colony systems. Therefore, lymphocytes may not be the primary cause of aplastic anaemia, except for a few rare cases. PMID- 3494912 TI - Health care for the elderly: the "emergency response" approach. PMID- 3494913 TI - Emergency surgery in patients aged over 70 years. PMID- 3494914 TI - Acute appendicitis in hospital patients aged over 60 years, 1974-1984. PMID- 3494915 TI - Catastrophic vascular emergencies in the elderly. PMID- 3494916 TI - Stress and the elderly patient: assessment and intervention. Introduction. PMID- 3494917 TI - Effect of modifying type A behavior after myocardial infarction on recurrence rate. PMID- 3494918 TI - The longevity revolution. PMID- 3494919 TI - Aging, stress, and sudden cardiac death. PMID- 3494920 TI - Stress and the lung: hypersensitivity of airways, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 3494921 TI - Social work management of the Alzheimer's patient: who needs the support? PMID- 3494923 TI - The future of clinical gastroenterology. PMID- 3494922 TI - Ethical issues in the emergency care of elderly persons: a framework for decision making. PMID- 3494924 TI - The future of gastrointestinal immunology. PMID- 3494925 TI - Gastroenterology in the United States, 1935-1985. PMID- 3494926 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in sexually abused children. PMID- 3494927 TI - Abdominal surgery in elderly patients: statistical analysis of clinical factors prognostic of mortality in 1,000 cases. PMID- 3494928 TI - Neurosurgical approach to the aging patient. PMID- 3494929 TI - Pulmonary artery catheter-associated thrombocytopenia: effect of heparin coating. PMID- 3494930 TI - Ultrastructural analyses of developing sternocostal cartilage in the (ch) hydrocephalic mouse. PMID- 3494931 TI - Colonic carcinoma in an inguinal hernia sac: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 3494932 TI - Late diagnosis of isolated incomplete rotation of the duodenum in a child. PMID- 3494933 TI - Second-degree atrioventricular block and alpha-methyldopa: a probable connection. PMID- 3494934 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava: case report and review. PMID- 3494935 TI - Sexually transmitted ocular disorders associated with male homosexuality. PMID- 3494936 TI - Endobronchial metastatic carcinoma from an occult carcinoma of the duodenum. PMID- 3494937 TI - Serotonergic mechanisms of lithium action. PMID- 3494938 TI - Diaphragmatic flutter in a patient with lymphoma. PMID- 3494939 TI - Hospital guidelines for fetal viability assessment and postdecision responsibilities. PMID- 3494940 TI - Exposure of nuclear medicine patients to ionizing radiation is associated with rises in HPRT- mutant frequency in peripheral T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3494941 TI - Distribution and frequency of dermatophytes in the city of Rome between 1978 and 1983. PMID- 3494942 TI - Clinical importance of myeloid antigen expression in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - To determine the clinical importance of immunophenotypes in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we prospectively studied 76 patients with this condition. Before treatment, lymphoblasts were tested for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to B-cell, T-cell, and myeloid (My) antigens. Unexpectedly, myeloid antigens (MCS-2 or MY9) were identified in 25 patients (33 percent), usually in conjunction with B-cell or T-cell antigens. Among My+ patients, 15 (60 percent) expressed B-cell antigens (B+T-My+); all 6 tested had rearranged immunoglobulin genes. Five patients (20 percent) expressed T-cell antigens (B T+My+), and one My+ patient expressed both B-cell and T-cell antigens. Only myeloid antigens (B-T-My+) were expressed in four patients (16 percent); three who were tested had germ-line immunoglobulin and T-cell-receptor gene configurations. Although no significant differences in presenting clinical features were found, My+ patients had fewer complete remissions than My- patients (35 vs. 76 percent, P less than 0.01). No differences in response or survival were observed between My+ and My- patients expressing T-cell antigens. However, among those expressing B-cell antigens, My+ patients had fewer complete remissions (29 vs. 71 percent, P = 0.02) and shorter survival (P = 0.03; median, 8.1 vs. greater than 26 months). These findings indicate that expression of myeloid antigen identifies a high-risk group of patients with adult ALL for whom alternative forms of treatment should be investigated. PMID- 3494944 TI - Use of chemoprophylaxis to prevent the spread of Hemophilus influenzae B in day care facilities. PMID- 3494943 TI - The neonatal lupus syndrome associated with U1RNP (nRNP) antibodies. PMID- 3494945 TI - Autoantibody-mediated acquired deficiency of C1 inhibitor. AB - During the past 25 years, three forms of deficiency of the inhibitor of the first component of complement (C1 inhibitor) with angioedema have been recognized; two forms are hereditary and one is acquired. As compared with hereditary angioedema, the syndrome of acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency is rare, and it is usually associated with lymphoproliferative diseases. We report another type of acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency with angioedema. Two patients with recurrent angioedema but no associated diseases were found to have IgG1 autoantibodies against C1 inhibitor. The anti-C1-inhibitor antibodies prevented binding of C1 inhibitor to activated C1s. Both patients had 60 to 70 percent of normal levels of C1 inhibitor, but it was functionally inactive, with a molecular weight of 96,000 (normal C1 inhibitor, 105,000). In vitro studies of the patients' serum revealed degradation of 125I-labeled 105,000-dalton C1 inhibitor into the inactive 96,000 dalton molecule, caused by activated C1s and not found in normal human serum. We conclude that these cases of acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency resulted from a blockade of C1-inhibitor function by the anti-C1-inhibitor antibodies and from subsequent inactivation of C1 inhibitor by the now uncontrolled enzyme, activated C1s. As in other forms of C1-inhibitor deficiency, the unopposed activation of the complement system led to angioedema. PMID- 3494946 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 22-1987. A 58-year-old woman with progressive pericardial disease. PMID- 3494947 TI - Disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection in AIDS. PMID- 3494948 TI - No evidence for segregation distortion in diabetes. PMID- 3494949 TI - Acid-dependent ligand dissociation and recycling of LDL receptor mediated by growth factor homology region. AB - A domain in the low-density lipoprotein receptor contains three cysteine-rich 'growth factor' repeats like those that occur in many proteins. When this domain is deleted, the receptor no longer releases its ligand at acid pH, it is no longer recycled efficiently and it is rapidly degraded after ligand binding. PMID- 3494950 TI - Regulation of cytolytic T-lymphocyte generation by B-cell stimulatory factor. AB - The growth and differentiation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) is regulated by soluble growth hormones, of which interleukin-2 (IL-2) is considered to be of prime importance. Here we report that the lymphokine B-cell stimulatory factor (BSF-1 or interleukin-4) also has profound effects on the generation of these functionally active T cells. In particular, BSF-1 acts as a potent helper factor for the generation of CTL in primary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and induces cytolytic activity in in vitro primed, MLC memory populations. Direct comparison of purified recombinant BSF-1 and IL-2 reveals BSF-1 to be the more potent CTL helper factor in primary MLC. Interestingly, the two lymphokines differed in that IL-2, but not BSF-1, induced a lytic population in cultures of unprimed cells without an overt antigenic stimulus. Collectively, our data provide a direct demonstration of a heretofore undefined mechanism by which CTL activation and amplification can occur. PMID- 3494951 TI - Separation of the genetic loci for the H-Y antigen and for testis determination on human Y chromosome. AB - The mammalian Y chromosome encodes a testis-determining factor (termed TDF in the human), a master regulator of sex differentiation. Embryos with a Y chromosome develop testes and become males whereas embryos lacking a Y chromosome develop ovaries and become females. Expression of H-Y, a minor histocompatibility antigen, may also be controlled by a gene on the Y chromosome, and it has been proposed that this antigen is the testis-determining factor. We have tested the postulated identity of H-Y and TDF in the human. H-Y typing with T cells was carried out on a series of sex-reversed humans (XX males and XY females), each shown by DNA hybridization to carry part but not all of the Y chromosome. This deletion analysis maps the gene for H-Y to the long arm or centromeric region of the human Y chromosome, far from the TDF locus, which maps to the distal short arm. PMID- 3494952 TI - Cytolytic T-cell melodrama. PMID- 3494953 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and glucocorticoids activate an endogenous suicide process in target cells. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induce a cytolytic process in target cells which, like the glucocorticoid-mediated cytolysis of immature thymocytes, effects a rapid and characteristic degradation of chromosomal DNA. I have explored the possibility that these two lethal processes share a common pathway by studying the susceptibility of glucocorticoid-resistant mutants to CTL-mediated killing. Here, I report that an unusual thymoma mutant, which has normal hormone receptor activity, is resistant to both glucocorticoids and CTL. The failure to be killed by CTL is not due to an inability of this 'deathless' mutant to be recognized. Further, a single-step reversion can restore sensitivity to both glucocorticoids and CTL. The genetic locus thus identified may reveal one element of an endogenous suicide pathway that can be triggered by different effectors. Unlike complement-mediated lysis, the processes of glucocorticoid- and CTL-mediated cytolysis seem to require that target cells be active in their own death. PMID- 3494955 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy]. PMID- 3494954 TI - Kinetics of smooth and skeletal muscle activation by laser pulse photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. AB - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) can stimulate skinned smooth and skeletal muscle to contract by initiating Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Whether this process is an integral component of the in vivo muscle activation mechanism was tested by releasing InsP3 rapidly within skinned muscle fibers of rabbit main pulmonary artery and frog semitendinosus. InsP3 was liberated on laser pulse photolysis of a photolabile but biologically inactive precursor of InsP3 termed caged InsP3. Caged InsP3 is a mixture of compounds in which InsP3 is esterified with 1(2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane (probably at the P4- or P5-position). Photochemical release of InsP3 induced a full contraction in both muscles at physiological free Mg2+ concentrations, but only in the smooth muscle were the InsP3 concentration (0.5 microM) and the activation rate compatible with the in vivo physiological response. Endogenous InsP3-specific phosphatase activity was present in smooth muscle and had about 35-fold greater activity than that in the skeletal-muscle preparation. Caged InsP3 was not susceptible to phosphatases in either preparation. PMID- 3494956 TI - Relationship between thyroid hormones and nutrition in chronic renal failure. AB - A cross-sectional study was performed in 19 patients on haemodialysis and in 11 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in order to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and nutritional status. T4, T3 resin uptake, T3, rT3 and TSH were measured by radio-immunoassay and compared with controls. Nutritional status was assessed by measurements of blood proteins, albumin, gamma-globulin, transferrin, arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. In haemodialysis, T4, FTI, T3 and rT3 were significantly decreased. TSH was normal. In CAPD, thyroid hormones were normal. In both groups, proteins, albumin, gamma-globulin and transferrin were normal. Triceps skinfold thickness was normal in males and females, whereas arm muscle area was dramatically reduced in males and normal in females. In haemodialysis, a negative correlation was found between T3 and proteins (p less than 0.01), rT3 versus proteins (p less than 0.01) and versus gamma-globulin (p less than 0.01). In CAPD, a positive correlation was found between T3 and triceps skinfold thickness (p less than 0.05). We suggest that the overload of carbohydrate might normalize the thyroid hormones in patients on CAPD. The relationship between thyroid hormones and nutritional status in patients treated by dialysis suggests a putative protective effect of low T3 levels against protein breakdown. PMID- 3494957 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induced mobilization of Ca2+ from rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was found to release Ca2+ from presynaptic nerve endings (synaptosomes) made permeable with saponin. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was carried out until equilibrium was reached. Addition of IP3 produced a rapid release of Ca2+, which was complete within 60 sec, followed by Ca2+ reaccumulation to the original level in 5-7 min. Cholinergic receptor stimulation with muscarine also produced a similar Ca2+ release from synaptic endoplasmic reticulum. Ca2+ release by IP3 was not detectable in the absence of the mitochondrial inhibitors oligomycin or sodium azide. Reaccumulation of Ca2+ was prevented by the presence of vanadate, a potent inhibitor of Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase. Half maximal and near complete release of Ca2+ took place at 0.4 microM and 3 microM IP3 concentrations, respectively. These studies demonstrate for the first time IP3 mobilization of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum within synaptic plasma membranes. PMID- 3494958 TI - Antibody to myelin constituents: a possible factor in induction of cell-mediated demyelination. AB - Results from this laboratory have demonstrated that 14C-labeled myelin opsonized with antibodies raised to purified CNS myelin in rabbit is phagocytized by cultured macrophages in larger amounts than untreated myelin or myelin opsonized with preimmune serum. The cultured macrophages produced high amounts of radioactive cholesterol ester and triglyceride from the antibody-treated myelin while much less was formed from preimmune serum-treated or untreated myelin. Antiserum to galactocerebroside also greatly enhanced the formation of radioactive cholesterol ester, while that to myelin basic protein as well as to other myelin constituents had little or no effect. Serum from Lewis rats with acute EAE 13-14 days after immunization with whole CNS myelin also stimulated radioactive cholesterol ester formation compared to serum from Freund's adjuvant injected controls (FAC). Serum from EAE rats as a result of myelin basic protein injection was as active as that from rats with whole myelin injection. No galactocerebroside antibody could be demonstrated in the EAE sera, although a strong immunostaining to myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein was demonstrated. IgG prepared from EAE serum also showed stimulatory effects compared to IgG from FAC serum, but much of the activity was lost, and the possibility that other factors may be involved is discussed. These experiments provide evidence that myelin phagocytosis and digestion by macrophages is enhanced by the presence of antibody to myelin. In EAE this antibody may leak into CNS with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494959 TI - Role of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus in the differential effect of the serotoninergic system on LH in prepubertal male and female rats. AB - 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a serotonin precursor, has been shown to induce LH release in female but not in male rats at 16, 18 and 20 days of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of neonatal gonadal hormones on 5-HTP induced LH release in male and female rats of 16 and 20 days of age. The following groups of rats were studied control females, androgenized females, control males, and castrated males. Androgenization and castration were performed within 48 h of birth. 5-HTP administration increased LH concentration in normal females and castrated males at 16 and 20 days of age. The LH release response to 5-HTP was significantly lower at 20 than at 16 days of age in both groups. Neonatal androgenization abolished the LH release response in prepubertal female rats. These results indicate that neonatal exposure to androgen is responsible for the sex difference in the LH response to 5-HTP, which may be associated with a regulatory action of serotonin on the cyclic hypothalamic control of gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 3494960 TI - Long-term lithium treatment causes serotonin receptor down-regulation via serotonergic presynapses in rat brain. AB - The effects of lithium treatment on serotonin (5-HT) receptors in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus were investigated. Long-term lithium treatment strongly blocked 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitches, while acute lithium administration by itself induced head twitches in rats, and ketanserin blocked this acute lithium action. Long-term administration of lithium decreased the number of not only 5-HT2 receptors in the frontal cortex but also 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors in the hippocampus in rats. Decreases in 3H-5-HT binding to hippocampal 5-HT1 receptors and 3H-spiperone binding to frontal cortical 5-HT2 receptors, caused by chronic lithium treatment, were abolished by co-administration of p chlorophenylalanine, and were enhanced by co-administration with methiothepin. The turnover of 5-HT in either frontal cortex or hippocampus was facilitated by lithium, and co-administered methiothepin enhanced this facilitation. These results suggest that long-term lithium treatment causes the down-regulation of postsynaptic 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, in part probably through its action on presynaptic nerve terminals. PMID- 3494961 TI - [Distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. AB - Percentage OKT3, OKT11+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes were measured in the peripheral blood of 16 patients with untreated non-Hodgkin B lymphoma aged 37-63 (11 males and 5 females). Patients were classified according to the histological type and clinical stage of the disease. In all cases, T3+, T4+, T8+ and T11+ levels were higher then in the controls but the OKT4/OKT8 ratio remained normal in 14 out of 16 cases. PMID- 3494962 TI - Non-uniform distribution of miniature endplate potential amplitudes along the length of the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - We studied the amplitude distribution of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) as a function of the release site position along the frog neuromuscular junction. Following intracellular recordings with two electrodes each located at one distal end, we used the spatial decay method to evaluate the release site position of each MEPP and the MEPP amplitude in front of its release site. Nitroblue tetrazolium-cholinesterase staining was performed for further morphological correlation. Our results indicate that MEPP amplitude distributions are skewed to the left for distal regions, while MEPP amplitudes are more widely distributed for the proximal regions (i.e. near the last myelinated segment). This suggests that distal regions produce predominantly MEPPs with a small amplitude whereas proximal regions produce MEPPs of all sizes (small to large). PMID- 3494963 TI - Exposure to cigarette smoke does not decrease the neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. AB - Epidemiological surveys have repeatedly shown that idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs less frequently in persons who have smoked cigarettes for many years than among age-matched non-smokers. Since PD might be caused by neurotoxins chemically similar to N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we explored the possible protective effect of repeated exposure to cigarette smoke against MPTP neurotoxicity in the C57 black mouse. Mice given MPTP and exposed to cigarette smoke suffered just as great a depletion of striatal dopamine as did mice treated only with MPTP. We discovered also that different lots of C57 black mice obtained from a single supplier can have markedly different sensitivities to MPTP. PMID- 3494964 TI - Origin of the climbing fibers activated by glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation in the frog. AB - The origin of climbing fibers activated by electrical stimulation of the frog's glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve was investigated using histological and electrophysiological technique. At the molecular layer near the Purkinje cell layer, where the maximum negative cerebellar field potential could be recorded following electrical stimulation of the IXth nerve, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was iontophoretically injected through the tip of the recording micropipette. The HRP labeled cells were seen in the contralateral inferior olive (IO). In some cases, a small number of HRP-labeled cells were seen in the ipsilateral IO. Labeled cells were not found in the other areas of the brain stem. After electrolytic lesion of the contralateral IO, the negative cerebellar field potential which would be recorded in the molecular layer following electrical stimulation of the IXth nerve had almost ceased. These results demonstrate that the climbing fibers activated by the IXth nerve stimulation have their origin in the contralateral IO. PMID- 3494965 TI - Input-output relations of lobules I and II of the cerebellar anterior lobe vermis in connexion with neck and vestibulospinal reflexes in the cat. AB - In the anaesthetized cat, lobules I and II of the cerebellar anterior lobe vermis were examined to determine their role in the vestibulospinal and neck vestibulospinal reflexes with respect to: the somatotopic representation of afferent inputs from labyrinth, neck and tail; and the inhibitory influence on vestibulospinal tract (VST) neurones receiving vestibular and neck afferent inputs. After electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve and of neck afferents, almost identical responses via mossy fibres were evoked in the lobules, with the prominent response in lobules I and IIa of Larsell. Stimulation of the nerve supplying the dorsal region of the tail induced primarily the mossy fibre response, but also the climbing fibre response, in lobule II. The most responsive areas to tail and neck afferent stimulation did not overlap each other. In the lateral vestibular nucleus, 163 antidromically identified VST neurones were recorded extra- or intracellularly. On the basis of the response pattern to contralateral neck afferent stimulation, they were classified into 3 groups: neurones with excitation (n = 45); neurones with inhibition (n = 71); and neurones with no modulation (n = 47). Stimulation of lobules I-IIa inhibited the activities of 44 VST neurones. Out of them, 41 neurones belonged to the first group. They made up 91% of the group. Twenty-nine of these neurones, i.e. neurones receiving excitatory inputs from the neck and inhibitory inputs from the lobules, received additional excitatory input from the labyrinth. Although lobules I-IIa may be regarded as neck area in the anterior lobe vermis from the viewpoint of sensory input, they did not exert inhibitory influence only exceptionally on vestibulocollic neurones, but predominantly on VST neurones sending their axons to lower thoracic or more caudal segments in the spinal cord. It is suggested from these results that lobules I-IIa have a close relationship with the neck reflex and/or interaction of neck and vestibulospinal reflexes being concerned with the postural adjustment of a rather wide area of the body. PMID- 3494966 TI - Trying to care for a great pretender. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 3494967 TI - Functional mapping of ventricular contraction and phase using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). AB - A method for functional mapping of ventricular contraction and phase was developed using gated blood-pool SPECT. Parameters of contraction and phase were calculated using length-based and count-based Fourier analyses. In length-based Fourier analysis (LFA), percentage-shortening and length-based phase were calculated based on the changes of lengths from a ventricular centre to edges. In count-based Fourier analysis (CFA), phase and amplitude were also calculated using serial tomographic phase images. Two-dimensional polar display format was employed to summarize the SPECT data of whole cardiac surface. This program was applied to evaluate coronary artery disease and conduction anomalies. The polar functional map using gated blood-pool SPECT can be an effective method to integrate three-dimensional cardiac information in conjunction with myocardial SPECT studies. PMID- 3494968 TI - Brain SPECT imaging with 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in the early detection of cerebral infarction: comparison with transmission computed tomography. AB - A new cerebral blood flow agent, 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO), was evaluated for early detection of acute cerebral infarction in conjunction with the transmission computed tomographic (CT) studies. The data from 22 cases were analysed. Results reveal that 99Tcm-HM-PAO enables the early detection of acute cerebral infarction prior to CT with rather proper depiction of the extent of physiological abnormality in the majority of patients. This promising result together with the lack of logistical problems will make 99Tcm-HM-PAO a useful and practical agent worldwide for diagnosing and managing acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 3494969 TI - Proposal of segmental reading of radionuclide images of the liver. AB - The method of segmental reading of radionuclide images of the liver, which include ordinary (planar) scintigrams as well as SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) images are presented. Patients showing defects on the liver scan, segments of which have been elucidated by other modalities, were chosen for this study, and the location of defects was assessed in connection with the segment in which they were located. On the basis of this study, the author presents his own segmentation of radionuclide images of the liver. This segmentation seems to be very useful in clinical practice and when applied to ordinary scintigrams, appears to be quite different from the previously published segmentation, which is thought to be partially incorrect. PMID- 3494970 TI - Influence of zoom factor on centre-of-rotation of the SPECT system and on the resolution of tomographic images. AB - The influence of zooming on centre-of-rotation (COR) of the rotating camera-based SPECT system and on the resolution of tomographic images was investigated. COR values were measured as a function of zoom factor varying from x1.0 to x3.0. Measurements were performed using two SPECT systems collimated with three collimators. In this study, the COR was observed to shift linearly with zoom factor. The influence of zooming on COR depends on the location and the deviation of the COR from the axis-of-rotation (AOR). We recommend that the deviation of the COR from the AOR be kept to within 0.4 pixels corresponding to 2.4 mm. Unlike zooming, the magnitude of COR shift is uncorrelated to the type of collimator used. Contrast and spatial resolution variations of the tomographic images were quantitated as a function of COR shift for clinical data acquired using no zoom factor and a zoom factor of 2.50. The resolution indices were observed to be more sensitive to COR shift for clinical data acquired using no zoom factor. The sensitivity appeared to be inversely dependent on the zoom factor utilized. However, zooming was found not to preserve the same resolution degradation. Optimum resolution images can be reconstructed by requiring the COR be determined and clinical study be acquired using the same zoom factor and collimator. For qualitative evaluation of tomographic images, the zoom factor requirement can be removed provided that the deviation of the COR from the AOR is within the recommended limit. This limit allows for a maximum spatial resolution degradation of 5%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494971 TI - Is SPECT of the spleen worthwhile in the evaluation of liver disease severity? AB - SPECT of the spleen has been performed with 99Tcm-sulphur colloid in 53 patients, and SPECT of the liver has been performed in 57 patients. All patients had histologically proven liver disease and were classified by the degree of severity, Group A-severe, Group B-moderate, Group C-mild. The patients were further classified as cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic. Eight controls were also studied. There is positive though poor correlation between splenic volume and uptake (r2 = 0.55). Splenic volume and uptake are significantly different in Group A patients compared with all other groups (p less than 0.001). They are also significantly different in cirrhotics versus non-cirrhotics and cirrhotics versus controls (p less than 0.001). Splenic SPECT was unhelpful in distinguishing between moderate and mild liver disease. SPECT of the spleen is a time consuming technique but a useful adjunct to liver SPECT in patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 3494972 TI - [Relation between color weakness and color anomaly according to the results of testing using Iustova-Alekseeva threshold tables and Rautian's anomaloscope]. PMID- 3494973 TI - An instrument to aid intracapsular cataract extraction of dislocated lenses. AB - Techniques for surgical removal of a dislocated lens have evolved considerably in the past 30 years. There has been a change in preference from open-sky techniques to the use of automated vitrectomy instruments. We introduce an instrument which may be useful in selected patients with dislocated lenses. This instrument is placed through the pars plana to entrap the lens anteriorly without trauma to the retina or ciliary body. Cryoextraction of the lens through a limbal incision is then performed. We feel this instrument will be most useful in the management of a dislocated nucleosclerotic lens. PMID- 3494974 TI - [Evaluation of various autonomic reactions after stimulation of the labyrinth]. PMID- 3494975 TI - [Value of caloric tests in cases of non-reaction of the vestibular organs to the pendulum test]. PMID- 3494976 TI - [Relation of the results of the study of caloric directional preponderance and the parameters of nystagmus]. PMID- 3494977 TI - Analgesic properties of intrathecally administered heterocyclic antidepressants. AB - Antinociceptive activities of heterocyclic antidepressants (HCAs) were studied after intrathecal (i.t.) administration in mice. HCAs with selective norepinephrine reuptake blocking properties (noradrenergic HCAs), such as desipramine and protriptyline, produced different antinociceptive profiles from HCAs with selective serotonin reuptake blocking properties (serotonergic HCAs), such as fluoxetine and citalopram. Noradrenergic HCAs were antinociceptive in all of the three nociceptive tests employed in the present study, i.e., tail-flick (TF) test, i.t. substance P-induced behavioral (SPB) test and intradermal hypertonic saline-induced behavioral (HSB) test. Intrathecal noradrenergic HCAs potentiated systemic or i.t. morphine-induced antinociception in the TF test. Serotonergic HCAs were partially antinociceptive in the SPB and HSB test, but inactive in the TF test. Furthermore, serotonergic HCAs did not enhance the antinociception produced by systemic or intrathecal morphine. The present data suggest that the efficacy of HCAs in the control of chronic pain stems, at least partially, from their action in the spinal cord, their analgesic activities probably involve blockade of monoamine reuptake. and the spinal serotonergic system probably possesses a dual action in regard to spinal nociception, while the noradrenergic system does not. PMID- 3494978 TI - Dorsal column stimulation for pain relief from intractable angina pectoris. AB - Dorsal column stimulation was undertaken in 10 patients referred to the Pain Relief Clinic for management of otherwise intractable angina pectoris. All patients were on maximal medical therapy and were determined to be unsuitable for coronary artery revascularization by the referring cardiologists. Dorsal column stimulation was beneficial in all patients by decreasing the frequency and severity of anginal attacks. The mechanism of action of dorsal column stimulation in this condition is uncertain. PMID- 3494979 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations, in bronchial lavage, in patients with lung cancer. PMID- 3494980 TI - Intestinal glucose transport in suckling rats fed artificial milk with and without added epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a potent mitogen present in milk, is postulated to play an important physiologic role in the ontogeny of the intestine. An artificial rat milk, free of EGF, was developed and fed to newborn rats in an effort to evaluate the physiologic role of EGF on intestinal glucose transport. Comparisons were made between mother-fed (group 1) and artificially fed pups (group 2). Group 1 was divided into two subgroups to received either the EGF vehicle (group 1-A) or twice daily subcutaneous injections (0.1 micrograms/g body weight/day) of EGF (group 1-B). Group 2 was divided into four subgroups: formula without EGF (group 2-A), formula with 62 ng/ml of EGF (group 2-B), formula with 200 ng/ml EGF (group 2-C), and formula without EGF but added anti-EGF IgG (40 ng/ml) plus subcutaneous injections of 1 micrograms anti-EGF twice daily (group 2 D). Treatment regimens were initiated on day 3 and assays performed on day 11 of life. Glucose transport was measured using gut "sheet" preparations in all but group 2-C, which utilized brush border membrane preparations. Group 1-B showed a significant (p less than 0.03) increase in gut length (47.5 +/- 1.2 versus 42 +/- 0.9 cm) and an increase (p less than 0.03) in both Vmax (10.2 +/- 0.5 versus 7.2 +/- 0.3 nM/mg tissue) and Km (2.74 +/- 0.49 versus 1.20 +/- 0.19 mM) compared to group 1-A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3494981 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, eosinophilia and hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 3494982 TI - Nasal colonization with Haemophilus and immunization status. PMID- 3494983 TI - Nipple (papilla) development in puberty: longitudinal observations in girls. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the manner of breast nipple (papilla) development occurring during puberty in girls on a longitudinal basis and to compare this development to the established criteria of sexual maturation. Forty six girls (19 white and 27 black) were followed for periods of 2 to 5 years (mean 2.67 years). In each, the nipple diameter was measured and the Tanner stage assessed. Minimal nipple development occurred from stages PH1 to PH3 (3.24 to 4.44 mm) and B1 to B3 (3.00 to 4.72 mm) or more than 1 year prior to menarche (3.75 mm). Significant growth occurred beyond stages PH3 (PH4 6.54 mm, PH5 8.98 mm) and B3 (B4 7.25 mm, B5 9.41 mm) and from less than 1 year prior to menarche to more than 1 year after menarche (5.92 mm for girls less than 1 year premenarche, 7.88 mm for girls in their first year after menarche, and 9.05 mm for girls more than 1 year beyond menarche). A more objective definition for breast stages B4 and B5, based upon nipple diameter, is now feasible. Thus, these data enhance the precision with which physiologic events occurring toward the close of puberty in girls can be studied. PMID- 3494984 TI - [von Willebrand factor--a marker of vascular injury in hemorrhagic vasculitis in children]. PMID- 3494985 TI - [Immunocytologic study of the lymph nodes in lymphadenopathies in children]. PMID- 3494986 TI - Evidence for Na+ dependent rheogenic HCO3- transport in fused cells of frog distal tubules. AB - The mechanism of HCO3- transport was studied applying microelectrodes in "giant" cells fused from single epithelial cells of the diluting segment of frog kidney. A sudden increase of extracellular HCO3- concentration from 10 to 20 mmol/l at constant pH hyperpolarized the cell membrane potential of the fused cell. This cell-voltage response was totally abolished by 10(-3) mol/l SITS and significantly reduced by 10(-4) mol/l acetazolamide or by omission of Na+ from the extracellular perfusate. Removal of Na+ from the perfusate caused a transient depolarization. Reapplication of Na+ induced a transient hyperpolarization. 10( 3) mol/l SITS abolished the cell-voltage response to removal and reapplication of Na+. In the intact diluting segment of the isolated perfused frog kidney peritubular perfusion of 10(-4) mol/l acetazolamide reduced the limiting transepithelial electrochemical gradient for H+ significantly from 30 +/- 4 mV to 14 +/- 3 mV. The results suggest: In the diluting segment of the frog kidney a Na+-dependent rheogenic HCO3- transport system exists across the peritubular cell membrane. This rheogenic peritubular Na+/HCO3- cotransporter cooperates with a Na+/H+ exchanger in the luminal membrane, thus driving HCO3- reabsorption. Reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion of H+ depend upon the presence of carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 3494987 TI - Phorbol ester effect on the hydrosmotic response to vasopressin in frog skin. AB - Serosal preincubation of frog skin with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, inhibits the hydrosmotic response elicited by vasopressin (AVP) but not that induced by 8br-cAMP. This proves that serosal TPA primarily influences a pre-cAMP step. The TPA-induced inhibition of AVP response appears to be related to TPA-induced prostaglandin synthesis. The pretreatment with naproxen, in fact, prevents the inhibition induced by serosal TPA on the AVP response. On the contrary, mucosal TPA produces a more marked inhibition of the response to AVP and significantly diminishes the water flow induced by 8br-cAMP; this suggests that mucosal TPA interferes mainly with a post-cAMP step. Furthermore, naproxen is unable to completely prevent the inhibition induced by mucosal TPA on AVP response thus indicating that mucosal TPA may also activate a prostaglandin-independent mechanism able to inhibit one of the last steps of the hydrosmotic response to AVP. PMID- 3494988 TI - 1-Pyridyl-3,4-dihydro-beta-carbolines: synthesis and central action. AB - 1-Pyridyl-3,4-dihydro-beta-carbolines (2a-2f) were synthesized by two methods. The central action of these compounds was investigated in mice and rats using behavioral tests. The most active 6-methoxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-3,4-dihydro-beta carboline (2e) possesses potential antidepressant properties, as it reversed the effects of reserpine (sedation, hypothermia and ptosis), potentiated the stimulation induced by levodopa given jointly with pargyline, and reduced the immobility time in the despair test. Moreover, compound 2e inhibited the spontaneous locomotor activity, evoked tremor and produced an analgesic effect. PMID- 3494989 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency by fetal blood sampling. AB - Fetal blood sampling for the diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency using protein isoelectric focusing was carried out in the period 1980-1985. The results of 25 cases from 18 mothers are reported. All had a previous history of a PiZ child affected by liver disease. The method was found to be technically satisfactory and the fetal results were subsequently confirmed in all 18 cases where follow-up was possible. The fetus was found to be PiZ in nine cases and all these pregnancies were terminated. Of the remaining pregnancies three cases aborted or were delivered prematurely and 13 proceeded to term without complications. PMID- 3494990 TI - Freeze-fracture studies on Pneumocystis carinii. II. Fine structure of the trophozoite. AB - Ultrastructure of the trophozoite of Pneumocystis carinii was studied by the freeze-fracture technique. Nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuoles and small round bodies were observed. The mean number of nuclear pores was 8 per micron 2, which is small compared with that reported for other human pathogenic protozoa. In general, the density of nuclear pores is considered to be related to the metabolic activity of the nucleus. This result, therefore, suggests that the nucleus of P. carinii may be less metabolically active than those of other protozoa thus far examined. Both the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum showed a similar distribution of intramembraneous particles (IMPs): the P face was heterogeneous and the E face was homogeneous. However, the outer membrane of mitochondria was somewhat heterogeneous in IMP distribution on both P and E faces. The cytoplasmic vacuoles always showed a lower IMP density than that of the plasma membrane. This indicates that the vacuoles of P. carinii would not be phagosomes. By means of this technique, the tubular expansions could be divided morphologically into four types: tubules, lobopodia, branching and beaded structures. Furthermore, it was noted that the daughter trophozoite in the endogenous form was not different from the usual free trophozoites in the IMP distribution pattern. PMID- 3494991 TI - Size and number of nuclei differ in normal and neoplastic acinar cells from rat pancreas. AB - Acinar cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion from normal pancreas and from azaserine-induced atypical acinar cell nodules and a transplantable acinar cell carcinoma. Normal acinar cells were predominately binuclear, with abundant cytoplasm. They were 10-24 micron in diameter, with a size distribution skewed toward smaller sizes but with a peak at 18 micron. Cells were isolated from 41 enucleated nodules varying in weight from 1.1 to 200 mg. These cells were predominantly mononuclear, with a more uniform size than normal cells and a peak at 9 micron diameter. Cells from all nodules studied were grossly similar, and there was no relation between nodule size and the degree of mononucleation. Cells from the transplantable tumor were small, with little cytoplasm, and were almost exclusively mononuclear. The extent of binucleation in normal and microscopic atypical acinar cell nodules was also studied in sections from the pancreas of rats injected with azaserine 4 months before killing. Nuclear and cell counts in these sections confirmed that binucleation is more frequent in normal than in nodule tissue. These studies emphasize the high degree of binucleation found in normal pancreatic acinar cells. They demonstrate the feasibility of using cell separation techniques to obtain preparations of acinar cells from normal and neoplastic pancreatic tissue for studies of functional and morphological differences in these cells. PMID- 3494992 TI - Comparison of bentiromide test and rice flour breath hydrogen test in the detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. AB - Bentiromide test (BT) has been recently approved in the United States for screening patients with chronic pancreatitis for exocrine insufficiency. A few reports have suggested that the rice flour breath hydrogen test (RFBHT)--i.e., breath hydrogen analysis after rice flour ingestion--may also be useful in diagnosing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. We conducted this study to compare the diagnostic value of these two tests in chronic alcoholic (n = 14) and nutritional or tropical (n = 6) pancreatitis. False-positive results were not noted with either of these two tests in 12 healthy volunteers. BT was positive in 28.6% of patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and in 16.7% of patients with tropical pancreatitis. In comparison, RFBHT was almost twice as sensitive as BT in detecting insufficiency in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (50 vs. 28.6%) and four times as sensitive in patients with tropical pancreatitis (66.7 vs. 16.7%). Only one patient in our study had a positive BT but a negative RFBHT. We recommend RFBHT as a simple, safe, and inexpensive test in screening patients for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 3494993 TI - A new criterion in the assessment of bentiromide as a test of exocrine pancreatic function in alcoholics. AB - Bentiromide (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid; Bz-Tyr-PABA) is a useful agent in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. Bz-Tyr-PABA is hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin in the intestine with liberation of PABA and its metabolic products, arylamines. This study was undertaken to determine the normal values for absorption and excretion of arylamines in normal volunteers and in alcoholics without detectable disorders of the pancreas, liver, or small intestine. After an overnight fast, basal blood and urine samples for baseline arylamine levels were collected, followed by oral administration of 500 mg of bentiromide. A 6-h urine collection was instituted, and 90- and 120-min plasma samples were obtained. The results were analyzed comparing normals and alcoholics: The mean concentration of arylamines was significantly higher in alcoholics than nonalcoholic subjects in baseline urine and in plasma at 90 and 120 min; no significant difference was found between alcoholics and nonalcoholics when comparing mean arylamine levels in 6-h urines. In summary, cumulative 6-h urine arylamine levels are more reliable as a criterion than 90- and 120-min plasma levels in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in alcoholics. PMID- 3494994 TI - Effect of orchiectomy and testosterone on the early stages of azaserine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - The incidence of carcinoma of the pancreas is higher among men than women. It is also higher among male than female carcinogen-treated rats. The role of testosterone in this preferential induction of pancreatic cancer was evaluated in a rat model of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Two-week-old Lewis rats were treated with a single injection of azaserine. At weaning (3 weeks), rats were divided into five groups as follows: females; intact males; sham-operated males; orchiectomized males; and orchiectomized males plus testosterone. Four months after administration of azaserine, quantitative histologic analysis of atypical acinar cell foci and nodules of the pancreas showed that in female and orchiectomized male rats, foci and nodules were smaller and less numerous than in intact males. Testosterone treatment partly reversed the effect of orchiectomy. This suggests that the susceptibility of male rats to induction of pancreatic carcinomas by azaserine is at least partially mediated by testosterone. Estrogen and testosterone receptors were assayed, but high-affinity receptors characteristic of gonadal tissues were not detected in normal pancreas or in a transplantable azaserine-induced acinar cell carcinoma. Thus, the effect of testosterone in the pancreas may depend on steroid-binding proteins of another type, or may be indirectly mediated. PMID- 3494995 TI - Bentiromide test is not affected in patients with small bowel disease or liver disease. AB - The bentiromide test reliably detects exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The synthetic peptide attached to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is cleaved by chymotrypsin, PABA is absorbed in the small intestine, partially conjugated in the liver, and excreted in the urine. It has been claimed that the bentiromide test is abnormal not only in patients with pancreatic insufficiency but also in patients with small bowel or liver disease because of impaired PABA absorption or conjugation, respectively. This study prospectively evaluates the bentiromide test in 12 patients with small bowel disease and 18 patients with biopsy-proven liver disease. One of 30 patients had an abnormal bentiromide test. Cumulative 6 h urinary arylamine excretion and plasma PABA concentration, 2 h after administration, were in the same range as healthy controls. We conclude that the bentiromide test is not affected by small bowel or liver disease. An abnormal test is virtually diagnostic for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 3494996 TI - Differential regulation of colony-stimulating factors and interleukin 2 production by cyclosporin A. AB - Stimulation of T lymphocytes with mitogens or antigens is followed by proliferation and lymphokine production. Although cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug, has been shown to inhibit the production of certain lymphokines, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), and gamma interferon, its effect on the production of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has not been evaluated. In the current study, concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated murine spleen cells secreted GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-2, and in the presence of CsA (0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml), IL-2 and IL-3 activities were inhibited. In contrast, significant activity was detected when the CsA-treated culture supernatants were assayed on a cell line that is dependent on GM-CSF and/or IL-3. Similar CsA-resistant activity was observed when the EL-4 thymoma cells were stimulated with a phorbol ester [phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)] in the presence of CsA. The activity resistant to CsA was identified as GM-CSF by the ability of specific antibodies against murine recombinant GM-CSF to neutralize its activity. These findings indicate that GM CSF, in contrast to IL-2 and IL-3, was not inhibited by CsA. In additional experiments, transfer blot of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from PMA-induced EL-4 cells in the presence or the absence of CsA was hybridized with GM-CSF and IL-2 cDNA probes. Expression of the GM-CSF gene in EL-4 cells was detected independent of CsA, whereas CsA inhibited the expression of the IL-2 gene. The present data show that production of IL-2 and IL-3, but not that of GM-CSF, is inhibited by CsA and suggest a differential control mechanism for lymphokine synthesis in T lymphocytes. PMID- 3494997 TI - Complete suppression of in vivo growth of human leukemia cells by specific immunotoxins: nude mouse models. AB - In this study, immunotoxins containing monoclonal anti-human T-cell leukemia antibodies are shown to be capable of completely suppressing the tumor growth of human T-cell leukemia cells in vivo without any overt undesirable toxicity. These immunotoxins were prepared by conjugating ricin A chain (RA) with our monoclonal antibodies, SN1 and SN2, directed specifically to the human T-cell leukemia cell surface antigens TALLA and GP37, respectively. We have shown that these monoclonal antibodies are highly specific for human T-cell leukemia cells and do not react with various normal cells including normal T and B cells, thymocytes, and bone marrow cells. Ascitic and solid human T-cell leukemia cell tumors were generated in nude mice. The ascitic tumor was generated by transplanting Ichikawa cells (a human T-cell leukemia cell line) i.p. into nude mice, whereas the solid tumor was generated by transplanting s.c. MOLT-4 cells (a human T-cell leukemia cell line) and x-irradiated human fibrosarcoma cells into x-irradiated nude mice. To investigate the efficacy of specific immunotoxins in suppressing the in vivo growth of the ascitic tumor, we divided 40 nude mice that were injected with Ichikawa cells into four groups. Each group of 10 mice was injected with one of the following mixtures: 40 micrograms of purified control mouse IgG [IgG1(kappa)] (group 1), 40 micrograms of control RA conjugate (group 2), 20 micrograms of purified SN1 antibody [IgG1(kappa)] and 20 micrograms of purified SN2 antibody [IgG1(kappa)] (group 3), or 20 micrograms of SN1-RA and 20 micrograms of SN2-RA (group 4). Mice in groups 1 and 2 formed large ascitic tumors, and died 5.8-7.0 weeks after the transplantation. Group 3 mice also formed large ascitic tumors and died 6.4-7.8 weeks after the transplantation. However, none of the mice in group 4 that were treated with SN1-RA and SN2-RA showed any signs of a tumor or undesirable toxic effects for the 20 weeks that they were followed after the transplantation; these mice were indistinguishable from healthy control nude mice that were not injected with Ichikawa cells. Treatment with SN1-RA plus SN2-RA completely suppressed solid tumor growth in 4 of 10 nude mice carrying solid tumors and partially suppressed the tumor growth in the remaining 6 nude mice. These results strongly suggest that SN1-RA and SN2-RA may be useful for clinical treatment. PMID- 3494998 TI - Lymphocyte major histocompatibility complex-encoded class II structures may act as sperm receptors. AB - Human sperm and blood cells were cocultured in vitro to determine whether specific interactions occur between gametes and blood cells. Evidence for cell type-specific sperm binding and penetration of lymphocytes is presented together with findings that suggest that either or both events involve major histocompatibility complex-encoded class II molecules on lymphocytes and a sperm ligand that is immunoreactive with antibodies to T-cell surface antigen T4. Involvement of HLA-DR is suggested by the pattern of sperm interactions with HLA DR-positive and -negative cells and by inhibition of sperm binding to HLA-DR positive cells by a monoclonal antibody that identifies a nonpolymorphic determinant on the HLA-DR molecule. That the complementary sperm ligand may be a T4-like structure is suggested by specific inhibition of sperm-lymphocyte binding with monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT4A. The results are discussed in terms of possible roles for immunoglobulin-related structures in human fertilization and in the sexual transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 3494999 TI - Working principles in the immune system implied by the "peptidic self" model. AB - The hypothesis that self as well as foreign proteins are processed into peptides and presented by major histocompatibility complex antigens leads to a set of working principles that could govern cellular interactions in immune responses. In particular, "idiopeptides," derived from immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors and recognized by appropriate T cells, are expected to play an important regulatory role. We show here that these speculations fit into a consistent view of the immune system. PMID- 3495000 TI - Correlation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity with blood-brain barrier monoamine oxidase activity. AB - Systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes parkinsonism in humans and subhuman primates, but not in rats and many other laboratory animals; mice are intermediate in their susceptibility. Since MPTP causes selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity when infused directly into rat substantia nigra, we hypothesized that systemic MPTP may be metabolized by monoamine oxidase and/or other enzymes in rat brain capillaries and possibly other peripheral organs and thus prevented from reaching its neuronal sites of toxicity. We tested this hypothesis by assessing monoamine oxidase in isolated cerebral microvessels of humans, rats, and mice by measuring the specific binding of [3H]pargyline, an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and by estimating the rates of MPTP and benzylamine oxidation. [3H]Pargyline binding to rat cerebral microvessels was about 10-fold higher than to human or mouse microvessels. Also, MPTP oxidation by rat brain microvessels was about 30-fold greater than by human microvessels; mouse microvessels yielded intermediate values. These results may explain, at least in part, the marked species differences in susceptibility to systemic MPTP. They also suggest the potential importance of "enzyme barriers" at the blood-brain interface that can metabolize toxins not excluded by structural barriers, and may provide biological bases for developing therapeutic strategies for the prevention of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and other neurotoxic conditions including, possibly, Parkinson disease. PMID- 3495001 TI - Building a multichain receptor: synthesis, degradation, and assembly of the T cell antigen receptor. AB - The murine T-cell antigen receptor consists of at least seven chains and six different proteins. The two clonotypic chains alpha and beta are glycoproteins of 40-45 kDa present as a disulfide-linked heterodimer. Four clonally invariant chains include delta (a 26-kDa glycoprotein), gamma (a 21-kDa glycoprotein), epsilon (a 25-kDa protein), and zeta (a 16-kDa protein). zeta is found in the complex as a disulfide-linked homodimer. The clonotypic chains and the invariant chains form a noncovalent complex on the cell surface. We have developed antibodies against each of the chains and used them to examine the assembly of the mature complex in the murine antigen-specific T-cell hybridoma 2B4. Pulse chase studies of metabolically labeled cells demonstrate that many of the chains are synthesized in great excess over the amount assembled into the mature complex. These excess chains, either as free components or as partially assembled complexes, are rapidly degraded. This degradation most likely takes place in the lysosomes. The complete complex is quite stable with a long half-life. A specific hierarchy of partially assembled complexes can be discerned. PMID- 3495002 TI - Stimulation of proliferation, differentiation, and function of human cells by primate interleukin 3. AB - Cloned gibbon interleukin 3 (gIL-3) was found to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow cells to produce day-14 granulocyte, macrophage, granulocyte-macrophage, and eosinophil colonies in semisolid agar. In the presence of normal human plasma, gIL-3 stimulated megakaryocytes. In methylcellulose cultures, it stimulated erythroid colonies in the presence, but not in the absence, of erythropoietin. When mature human leukocytes were used, gIL-3 stimulated the function of purified mature eosinophils as measured by the capacity to kill antibody-coated target cells, to produce superoxide anions, and to phagocytize opsonized yeast particles in a manner similar to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In contrast, gIL-3 did not significantly stimulate any of the neutrophil functions tested, whereas human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor was active in these assays. Among cytokines that are active on human hematopoietic cells, gIL-3 thus has a distinct set of functions and may predict the range of actions of the human molecule. PMID- 3495003 TI - Lethal deletion of the complement component C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes in the mouse H-2 class III region, caused by meiotic recombination. AB - A recombinant H-2 haplotype, designated aw18, was produced that underwent meiotic recombination in the E alpha (I-E alpha chain)--Slp (sex-limited protein) interval of the H-2 class III region between B10.A (H-2a) and wild-derived B10.MOL-SGR (H-2wm7) strains. It appeared that the H-2aw18 haplotype has a single, recessive, lethal mutation, since homozygotes for H-2aw18 were not detected in progeny generated from the intercross of mice that were heterozygous for this H-2 haplotype. Nine newly established recombinant H-2 haplotypes, which arose from the heterozygous mice that resulted from a cross between common inbred H-2 haplotypes and the aw18 haplotype, allowed us to map the lethal gene to the class III region of the H-2 complex. Southern blot analysis indicated that the aw18 haplotype has a deletion of the C4 gene and a deletion of one of the steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. This result was confirmed by an immunodiffusion test that demonstrated the absence of production of the C4 protein in mice of haplotype H 2aw18. All data that were obtained supported the hypothesis that the meiotic, presumably unequal, recombination between homologous chromosomes of the H-2a and H-2wm7 haplotypes caused the deletion of the C4 and the 21-hydroxylase genes. PMID- 3495004 TI - Clonal analysis of the anti-DNA repertoire of murine B lymphocytes. AB - The present studies characterize at the clonal level the repertoire of lipopolysaccharide-responsive murine B lymphocytes committed to the production of antibodies reactive with denatured DNA. This repertoire is vast in normal mice as 1-5% of total mitogen-induced antibody-forming cell clones secreted denatured DNA reactive antibodies when the splenocyte donors were CBA (Ighj), BALB/c (Igha), C57BL/6 (Ighb), CBA nu/nu, and C57BL/6 nu/nu athymic mice. The autoimmune NZB (Ighe) strain did not display elevated proportions of anti-denatured DNA antibody forming cell precursors. Cross-reactions shown by CBA anti-denatured DNA antibodies suggest that many antibodies might derive significant binding energy from interaction with the bases or similar hydrophobic moieties. Cross-reactions with other tested polynucleotides were frequent, but cross-reactions with phospholipids and phosphocholine were undetectable. Most anti-DNA antibodies bound preferentially or exclusively to single-stranded denatured DNA as compared to double-stranded native DNA. The frequency of anti-denatured DNA antibody forming cell precursors among CBA peritoneal cells was not elevated. Fluorescence activated cell sorter-selected Ly-1-positive NZB splenic B cells were not enriched, and Ly-1 negative B cells were not depleted of anti-DNA antibody forming cell precursors. These results show that antibody-forming cell precursors specific for denatured DNA are not restricted to the Ly-1 positive B-cell subset. PMID- 3495005 TI - Induction of synthesis of the cytolytic C9 (ninth component of complement) related protein in human peripheral mononuclear cells by monoclonal antibody OKT3 or interleukin 2: correlation with cytotoxicity and lymphocyte phenotype. AB - Synthesis of the cytolytic C9-related protein (C9RP) was induced by activation of resting human peripheral T lymphocytes with the anti-CD3 antibody OKT3 or interleukin 2. Comparison of cellular cytotoxicity and C9RP content at various times during activation yielded a coefficient of correlation r = 0.92. During OKT3 stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells, maximal C9RP content and cytotoxicity were observed by day 2 or 3, with subsequent decline to baseline values by day 5, whereas during interleukin 2 stimulation, both parameters reached the maximal level at days 3-5. After fluorescence-activated cell sorting, C9RP and cytotoxicity were quantitated in CD4+, CD8+, and Leu-19+ subsets. In OKT3-activated CD8+ cells, C9RP increased to approximately 3 X 10(6) molecules per cell, with a corresponding increase in lysis of human melanoma cells mediated by anti-CD3-anti-melanoma monoclonal antibody conjugates. Interleukin 2 stimulated CD8+ cells showed similar increases, but cytotoxicity was conjugate independent. Activated CD4+ cells showed minimal increase in C9RP content. Leu 19+ cells, which exhibit natural killer cell activity, had a high C9RP content (approximately 2.5 X 10(6) molecules per cell) before stimulation. PMID- 3495006 TI - Assignment of CSF-1 to 5q33.1: evidence for clustering of genes regulating hematopoiesis and for their involvement in the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in myeloid disorders. AB - The CSF-1 gene encodes a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that promotes growth, differentiation, and survival of mononuclear phagocytes. By using somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization, we localized this gene to human chromosome 5 at bands q31 to q35, a chromosomal region that is frequently deleted [del(5q)] in patients with myeloid disorders. By in situ hybridization, the CSF-1 gene was found to be deleted in the 5q- chromosome of a patient with refractory anemia who had a del(5)(q15q33.3) and in that of a second patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia de novo who had a similar distal breakpoint [del(5)(q13q33.3)]. The gene was present in the deleted chromosome of a third patient, with therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, who had a more proximal breakpoint in band q33 [del(5)(q22q33.1)]. Hybridization of the CSF-1 probe to metaphase cells of a fourth patient, with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia de novo, who had a rearrangement of chromosomes 5 and 21 [ins(21;5)(q22;q31.3q33.1)] resulted in labeling of the breakpoint junctions of both rearranged chromosomes; this suggested that CSF-1 is located at 5q33.1. Thus, a small segment of chromosome 5 contains GM-CSF (the gene encoding the granulocyte-macrophage CSF), CSF-1, and FMS, which encodes the CSF-1 receptor, in that order from the centromere; this cluster of genes may be involved in the altered hematopoiesis associated with a deletion of 5q. PMID- 3495008 TI - Potentiated 5-hydroxytryptophan induced response suppression in rats following chronic reserpine. AB - Since reserpine precipitates depression in some hypertensive patients, we tested this drug on our animal model of depression. The present experiment was designed to measure the effects of chronic reserpine treatment on 5-hydroxytryptophan (5 HTP) induced behavioral depression in rats trained on a food reinforcement operant schedule. Based on the Aprison et al. model of depression involving the serotonergic system, we predicted the development of receptor supersensitivity of postsynaptic serotonin (5-HT) receptors due to the decreased release of this neurotransmitter as a consequence of chronic reserpine treatment. Rats were trained on a VI 1 reinforcement schedule and then divided into 3 chronic treatment groups. One received daily injections of a placebo, another 0.025 mg/kg reserpine and the third 0.05 mg/kg reserpine. We found that 5-HTP induced behavioral depression was potentiated in rats chronically treated with reserpine, thus suggesting the development of supersensitive 5-HT receptors. These results support the hypothesis that in some types of human depression a decreased release of 5-HT occurs of sufficient duration to permit the subsequent development of supersensitive 5-HT receptors. PMID- 3495007 TI - Mechanical relaxation of the hair bundle mediates adaptation in mechanoelectrical transduction by the bullfrog's saccular hair cell. AB - Mechanoelectrical transduction by hair cells of the frog's internal ear displays adaptation: the electrical response to a maintained deflection of the hair bundle declines over a period of tens of milliseconds. We investigated the role of mechanics in adaptation by measuring changes in hair-bundle stiffness following the application of force stimuli. Following step stimulation with a glass fiber, the hair bundle of a saccular hair cell initially had a stiffness of approximately equal to 1 mN X m-1. The stiffness then declined to a steady-state level near 0.6 mN X m-1 with a time course comparable to that of adaptation in the receptor current. The hair bundle may be modeled as the parallel combination of a spring, which represents the rotational stiffness of the stereocilia, and a series spring and dashpot, which respectively, represent the elastic element responsible for channel gating and the apparatus for adaptation. PMID- 3495010 TI - Effects of high voltage stimulation on cutaneous wound healing in rabbits. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether high voltage stimulation (HVS) enhances wound healing. Forty female rabbits were assigned to experimental or control groups and followed for four or seven days. We classified the groups as Exp4, Con4, Exp7, and Con7, respectively. Each animal was anesthetized, and a full-thickness incision, 3.5-cm long, was made on its back. After 24 hours, Exp4 and Exp7 rabbits received HVS with a negative polarity for two hours twice daily. Although tensile-strength values were 36% higher for Exp4 rabbits than for Con4 rabbits, no significant differences in tensile strength or percentage of wound closure existed between the two groups. After seven days, Con7 rabbits had a higher percentage of wound closure and significantly greater tensile-strength measures than Exp7 rabbits. Histologic examination of the wounds did not provide clear-cut evidence of differences between the experimental and control groups. Results suggest that 1) HVS did not significantly improve wound healing for Exp4 rabbits and 2) HVS as given, may have hampered the healing process for Exp7 rabbits. PMID- 3495009 TI - Changes in motor activities induced by microinjections of the selective dopamine agonists LY 171555, quinpirole hydrochloride, and SK&F 38393 into the habenula nucleus. AB - The effects on behaviour of microinjections into the habenula complex of selective agonists for dopamine D-1 (SK&F 38393) and D-2 (LY 171555) receptors were documented in a holeboard, open-field test. The D-2 agonist reduced grooming responses, locomotor activity and rearing behaviour. In contrast, the D-1 agonist increased rearing and locomotor activity but was without effect on grooming responses. Neither drug produced significant effects on inspective hole exploration. The data extend findings of behavioural consequences of central D-1 receptor activation and provide direct evidence in support of the functional and behavioural importance of intrahabenular dopamine receptor sites. The findings are consistent with suggestions for feedback regulation of habenular efferents to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Effects of both receptor agonists on some responses but not others indicates potential complex interactions between D-1 and D-2 receptors within the habenula. PMID- 3495011 TI - Characterization of antibodies specific for UV-damaged DNA by ELISA. PMID- 3495012 TI - Hypoglossal responses to macular stimulation in the rabbit. AB - This paper describes preliminary work on the role of the vestibular system in the hypoglossal neurons modulation. Natural stimulation of the otolith organ showed that hypoglossal motoneurons are responsive to gravity stimulation. The spontaneous firing rate of single cells, antidromically identified, was significantly modified during ipsi- or contralateral static tilting of the whole animal. Several response patterns were observed. These results infer that vestibular macular receptors may modulate hypoglossal nucleus activity in response to static head displacement. PMID- 3495013 TI - A community mental health survey in Cantabria: a general description of morbidity. AB - A two-stage mental illness survey of a random sample of persons aged 17 years and over from a rural community in Cantabria, Spain, is described. In the first stage newly qualified doctors and final year medical students interviewed 1223 respondents (583 males and 640 females) at their homes, using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-60) and other psychopathological and social questionnaires. In the second stage senior psychiatrists carried out an at-home interview on a sample composed of all those who in the first stage scored above the cut-off point on the GHQ, and of a similar number of persons selected at random from two independent batches of below-threshold scorers on the GHQ. Because of this design the prevalence figures have to be weighted in order to represent the whole first stage sample. Of the total population, 14.7% (8.1% of the men and 20.6% of the women) had psychiatric disorders as defined by the PSE-ID system. In males depression accounted for about twice as many cases as anxiety states, but in females there was a predominance of a combination of anxiety, phobic and obsessive conditions. Men presented a higher prevalence of disorders over the age of 35, with a peak around the age of forty, while in women the rise of prevalence was over the age of 45. There was, however, no significant association with marital status. Unemployment was related to mental illness in males but not in females, while the reverse was true of the type of work. In both sexes the presence of children under fourteen in the household was not related to a rise in prevalence. Women exhibited a high rate of mental illness in the low educational level and in the low social and religious integration groups, but in men a rise in prevalence was found in the low social status, low educational level and low social integration groups. Lastly, in both sexes the presence of physical illness was related to mental disorders. PMID- 3495014 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in an Italian general practice. AB - A two-stage screening strategy was applied in a single-handed general practice in northern Italy. The study was designed so that all the second-stage psychiatric interviews were conducted during the first phase of the study (group A patients), while self-report questionnaire (GHQ) and GP assessments only were collected during the second phase (group B patients). The estimated true case rate of psychiatric disorder (36%) did not differ between the two phases of the study, but there were marked differences in the general practitioner's diagnostic behaviour. During the first phase (when psychiatric interviews were being conducted in the practice), her behaviour was heavily biased towards diagnosing psychiatric disorder; 61% of the patients were regarded by her as psychiatric cases and the hidden psychiatric morbidity rate was only 9%. During the second phase of the study (no psychiatric interviews in the practice), only 37% of the patients were regarded as psychiatric cases by the GP, and the hidden morbidity rate was 59%. The results are interpreted as demonstrating that the presence of a psychiatrist conducting a two-stage screening survey in the practice had a profound effect on the diagnostic threshold. They also provide support for the use of the GHQ as a case-finding instrument in general practice. PMID- 3495015 TI - Remarks on the therapy of depressions with amine precursors. AB - The therapy of depressions with amine precursors is based on the hypothesis of an amine deficiency in depression. A brief review of different trials with these substances is given. However, the therapeutic effects achieved were not satisfactory, although treatment with 5-HT or with amine precursors combined with lithium or MAO-inhibitors seemed to be more successful. Furthermore, the difficulties in interpreting these somewhat disappointing results is pointed out. PMID- 3495016 TI - Positron emission tomography in depression research: principles--results- perspectives. AB - At present, PET is the only technology affording the quantitative, three dimensional imaging of various aspects of brain function. In the few PET studies of mood disorders performed so far, usually cerebral glucose metabolism was investigated by the fluorodeoxyglucose method. Its largest individual diagnostic potential was demonstrated in certain forms of organic depression, while metabolic abnormalities in major unipolar and bipolar depression were more subtle -albeit significantly different. Other PET tracers for investigation of transmitter systems are available, but have not been systematically applied in depression research. PMID- 3495017 TI - [Current components of the oncology information system MADOS]. PMID- 3495018 TI - Retinal and choroidal detachments: role of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. AB - This article presents MR and CT images of certain inflammatory and neoplastic choroidal and retinal disorders that are associated with retinal and choroidal detachment. The characteristic MR and CT features of retinal and choroidal detachments in many cases can assist ophthalmologists and radiologists in arriving at correct diagnoses of ocular diseases. PMID- 3495019 TI - Orbital lymphoma. Role of CT and MRI. AB - CT and MRI have made it possible to make a strongly presumptive diagnosis of orbital lymphoid tumors. Orbital lymphomas are usually homogeneous masses of relatively high density and sharp margins. The lesions mold themselves to pre existing structures without eroding the bone. On MR imaging, they appear as relatively hypointense images, particularly in T1-weighted MR scans. PMID- 3495020 TI - Atypical distribution of Pneumocystis carinii infiltrates during radiation therapy. AB - Bilateral peripheral pulmonary infiltrates caused by Pneumocystis carinii developed in a patient undergoing mediastinal irradiation after chemotherapy for Hodgkin disease. The paramediastinal part of the lung included within the treatment port remained clear during the 2 1/2 weeks of radiation therapy. The distribution of the pneumocystis infiltrates was altered by the radiation, producing a pattern that is the "radiographic negative" of typical post-radiation therapy paramediastinal fibrosis. PMID- 3495021 TI - [Diagnostic value of bacteriologic studies of bronchial specimens collected during bronchoscopy]. PMID- 3495022 TI - [Coexistence of chronic myeloid leukemia and T lymphoma in a female patient]. PMID- 3495023 TI - [Comparison of the in vitro activity of several cephalosporins on Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in hospitals of northern Chile]. PMID- 3495024 TI - Immunological aspects in recent syphilis. PMID- 3495025 TI - [Hemodynamic study of obstructive lesions of the internal carotid artery: value of coupled measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and volume]. AB - A study of 130 patients having presented either a transient ischemic attack or a completed stroke, or admitted for an asymptomatic carotid stenosis, allowed the following investigations: CT-scan, doppler, angiography, measurement of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by the study of 133Xe clearance (Novocerebrograph (R)), and measurement of the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) made by gamma emission tomography after autotransfusion of 99m Tc-labeled erythrocytes with an Elscint Apex 415 ECT (R) camera. Our aim was to look in which case a rCBF and/or a rCBV interhemispheric asymmetry was observed, by comparing the previous hemodynamic parameters with clinical, CT-scan and angiographic data. Although a rCBF and/or a rCBV asymmetry appeared more often among patients presenting with infarction than among those of the asymptomatic category, this does not seem specific for any clinical grade. The same statement applies to the comparison between hemodynamic parameters and CT data. The arterial lesions were classified in 4 groups: no stenosis (12 cases), uni or bilateral moderate carotid stenosis (40 cases), unilateral severe carotid stenosis or occlusion (65 cases), bilateral carotid severe stenosis or occlusion (13 cases). We observed a rCBF asymmetry among some patients in the 4 groups, although this was more frequent among the two latter groups. Nevertheless no case of a rCBV asymmetry was observed in the 2 first groups. Such an asymmetry was present in 31 percent of the patients belonging to the two latter groups. In patients of the third group the asymmetry was always due to a relative increase of rCBV beyond the carotid lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495026 TI - Symposium: Update and advances in intravenous therapy with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. San Francisco, California, July 15, 1985. Proceedings. PMID- 3495027 TI - Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient population. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) has been associated with hemolytic anemia in patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). The effect of a daily dose of SMZ of 50 mg/kg was evaluated in a double-blinded study that compared vancomycin with TMP-SMZ given intravenously for treatment of serious Staphylococcus aureus infections. Levels of G-6-PD were determined when patients entered the trial. Most patients were black Americans. G-6-PD-deficient patients were followed serially, with determinations of hemoglobin, haptoglobin, and bilirubin levels, reticulocyte count, and urinalysis. Pretherapy hemoglobin levels were compared with levels during and after therapy. One hundred patients were divided into four groups: group A comprised G-6-PD-deficient patients receiving TMP-SMZ (n = 20); group B, G-6-PD-deficient patients receiving vancomycin (n = 25); and groups C and D, patients with normal G-6-PD levels receiving TMP-SMZ (n = 24) and vancomycin (n = 31), respectively. Groups were comparable in terms of age of patients and duration of therapy. Hemolysis did not occur in any patient receiving TMP-SMZ and occurred in only one patient receiving vancomycin. Both this study and published reports indicate that TMP-SMZ rarely causes hemolysis in a G-6-PD-deficient population. PMID- 3495028 TI - [Rare phenotypes of alpha-1 antitrypsin: study of a case of the M1X variant]. AB - Alpha-1 antitrypsin is the major component responsible for the normal alpha 1 band in human serum. Some genetic variants giving double alpha-1 band, may be associated with pathological process. In the course of a systematic screening of blood donors a double-band alpha-1 pattern was observed in a serum, due to the heterozygous expression of a genetic variant of the PI system. A possible clinical significance of the variant was investigated by characterizing it. The very rare allotype PI*X was identified and its frequency in the population of french blood donors was estimated around to one for 10,000. PMID- 3495029 TI - Polyclonal and monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies in immunolocalization of colorectal cancer. AB - Antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from sheep and monkey were immunoadsorbent purified. Mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) anti-CEA I-38S1 and Fab fragments of this antibody were prepared from mouse ascitic fluid. The IgG preparations were labelled with 123I or 131I, the Fab fragments with 131I. The antibody reactivity was unchanged after labelling. Patients with advanced colorectal carcinomas received an intravenous injection of 50-200 MBq 123I or 30 160 MBq 131I coupled to 250-500 micrograms antibody or antibody fragment. Patient examinations were performed using emission tomography (SPECT) and/or conventional gamma camera scintigraphy. The specific localization of labelled anti-CEA to tumor was compared to known tumor localized by CAT-scan, other x-ray methods or laparotomy, 50% of known tumors were accurately localized with sheep anti-CEA. In contrast, 70-80% of known tumor sites were correctly localized with polyclonal monkey anti-CEA antibodies, with monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies or with Fab fragments of the latter. A few previously unknown tumors were detected. PMID- 3495030 TI - Deafness-orthostatic hypotension--cochleo-vestibular hypoxia. PMID- 3495031 TI - Angiotensinogen is an acute-phase protein in man. AB - Accumulating information concerning the structure of angiotensinogen suggests a resemblance of this component of the renin-angiotensin system to the acute-phase protein alpha 1-antitrypsin. Compared to a group of age- and sex-matched controls without signs of infection, markedly elevated levels of angiotensinogen (increase in median value: 70%), alpha 1-antitrypsin (102%), caeruloplasmin (76%), haptoglobin (261%), and orosomucoid (162%) were found in plasma from 14 patients with acute inflammatory disease. This finding indicates that angiotensinogen should be included in the list of acute-phase proteins in man, and raises the question whether angiotensinogen is involved in the regulation of the renin angiotensin system during inflammation and tissue injury. PMID- 3495032 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin is mitogenic, nonmitogenic and anti-mitogenic for human lymphocytes. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was found to stimulate DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at relatively low concentrations and to inhibit DNA synthesis at higher concentrations. Both actions were inhibited by oligomers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Significant mitogenic activity was dependent on the use of human (as opposed to fetal calf) serum to supplement the culture medium. Purified T cells responded to WGA very weakly and the incorporation of thymidine into non-T cells in response to WGA was less than the lectin-free control. The full ability of T cells to respond to WGA was restored by the addition of monocytes, but not by any other blood cells. Interleukin 2 partially restored the ability of T cells to respond to WGA; interleukin 1 was less effective. WGA displayed a strong synergistic action with the tumour promoter, 12 O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), in stimulating DNA synthesis in separated T (but not non-T) cell fractions, and in unfractioned mononuclear cells. These results reconcile most of the conflicting reports in the literature concerning the interaction of WGA with human lymphocytes. PMID- 3495033 TI - Treatment of drop foot using an implantable peroneal underknee stimulator. AB - An implantable peroneal stimulator has been developed to improve the rehabilitation of the drop foot patients who cannot use or refuse the use of conventionally applied peroneal braces. The small size promotes convenient attachment on the stimulation site after a minor surgical intervention. During the past two years twenty implants have been applied. The influence of different stimulation parameters upon the correction of anomalies during walking has been studied using clinical and computer-supported assessment. Possible noxious effects on the peroneal nerve have been studied by measuring nerve conduction velocity. The stimulator is well accepted by patients. Clinical observations show a significant correction of equinovarus and improved gait. PMID- 3495034 TI - Abnormalities of pulmonary function and pleural disease among titanium metal production workers. AB - The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of respiratory disease among 209 titanium metal production workers. Work in areas where there was exposure to titanium tetrachloride and titanium dioxide particulates was associated with reductions in ventilatory capacity. Pleural disease (plaques and diffuse thickening) was present in the chest radiographs of 17% of the subjects and was associated with the duration of work in titanium manufacturing. It was also associated with past asbestos exposure. After control for asbestos exposure, it remained associated with titanium manufacturing. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that titanium tetrachloride and titanium dioxide particulates may be associated with a reduction in ventilatory capacity and that the overall process of titanium manufacturing may be associated with unexpected pleural disease. PMID- 3495035 TI - [The role of T-lymphocytes in organ-specific autoimmune diseases]. AB - Chronic debilitating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, demyelinating inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type I, Hashimoto thyroiditis, forms of uveitis and interstitial nephritis, share many characteristics. They are all organ-specific inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology but with strong evidence of tissue-destructive activity of the cellular immune system in the organs respectively affected, i.e. the central or peripheral nervous system, the joints, the islets of Langerhans, the thyroid gland, the retina, or the tubulo-interstitial renal tissue. Recognized animal models of all these diseases are experimentally induced autoimmune conditions that are transferable with autoreactive T-lymphocytes, in contrast to autoantibodies in humoral autoimmune diseases. In recent years, disease-transferring T-lymphocytes, have been successfully grown as lines and clones in vitro, thus finally proving the primary pathogenic role of autoreactive T-lymphocytes in these animal models. Such T-cell lines are valuable tools in further defining autoantigens, studying mechanisms of T-cell activation in vitro, following T-cell migration and organ specific homing in vivo, and analyzing effector functions in the infiltrated organs. In addition, questions concerning the breakdown of immunological selftolerance and the basic principles of resistance to disease can be addressed, and possibilities of treatment can be approached. Although the basic etiology of the human organ-specific immune diseases is still unknown, these animal models have helped to throw light on some of the pathogenic mechanisms common to these various diseases. PMID- 3495036 TI - Clinical promise with new hormones. PMID- 3495037 TI - [Effects of bovine pancreatic polypeptide on phospholipase A and trypsin activities in pancreatic tissue in rats with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3495038 TI - Painful pseudarthrosis following lumbar spinal fusion: detection by combined SPECT and planar bone scintigraphy. AB - Twenty-six adult patients more than 6-months post-lumbar spinal fusion were studied. Flexion and extension radiographs showing motion or bone scintigrams showing focal areas of increased activity within the fusion mass were considered positive for pseudarthrosis. Patients were classified as either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Among the 15 symptomatic patients, scintigraphy had a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity of 0.83 which was superior to the 0.43 sensitivity and 0.50 specificity of radiography. Six of the 11 asymptomatic patients had focal areas of increased activity in the bony fusion mass, possibly reflecting painless pseudarthrosis. Planar imaging was substantially enhanced by SPECT in 14 of the 26 cases. It is concluded that for the patient who remains symptomatic after lumbar spinal fusion, bone scintigraphy with SPECT is of significant value in detecting painful pseudarthrosis. PMID- 3495039 TI - Pleural empyema in children: a nationwide retrospective study. AB - Military hospitals across the United States provided data for this study on pediatric patients with pleural empyema. Haemophilus influenzae type b (17%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (14%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11%) were the most common etiologic agents. Male patients predominated, except among blacks. The mortality was high in patients with hospital-acquired empyemas. PMID- 3495040 TI - [Lymphocyte genome damage and changes in immunologic indices in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 3495041 TI - Brachial plexus palsy resulting from the use of surface electrical stimulation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. A case report. PMID- 3495042 TI - [Vestibular disorders in patients with cerebral cortex ischemia]. PMID- 3495043 TI - The effects of size and site of origin of intestinal grafts on small-bowel transplantation in the rat. AB - This study was initiated to evaluate the effects of varying the length and site of origin of small-intestine transplants on rejection and on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Eighty rats had heterotopic transplants performed with systemic venous drainage of the grafts. The host native bowel was left in situ and no immunosuppressive agents were used. Twenty male Lewis inbred (LEW) rats who received isogenic grafts survived without any evidence of rejection or GVHD. When intestine from Lewis X Brown Norway hybrid rats (LBN) was transplanted into LEW rats, rejection occurred between day 6 and 9 and the time of onset of rejection was not influenced either by the length of transplanted bowel (10 to 80 cm, n = 6 each) or by whether the graft was from the jejunum or the ileum. However, rates of survival for 100 days from rejection were significantly better if 10 cm (100%) or 20 cm (84%) was transplanted than if the grafts were 40 cm or more in length (56%). The LBN recipients of LEW allografts developed GVHD on days 7 through 9, and this response was similarly unrelated to the length or segment of bowel transplanted. However, host survival was quite dependent on graft segment length and site of origin. All animals who received 20 cm or less of proximal bowel survived (with GVHD but no evidence of rejection). While 50% of the animals that received proximal intestinal grafts 40 cm in length survived GVHD, none who received identical-sized grafts from the distal ileum survived (all were dead by day 20). Our data document that the results of small-intestine transplantation is dependent on the length and site of origin of the grafts. PMID- 3495044 TI - [Immunocorrective therapy of patients with chronic active liver diseases of a viral nature]. AB - A study of the effect of immunocorrective drugs on the clinicobiochemical and immunological indices of patients with chronic active liver diseases of viral nature made it possible to work out criteria for administration of levamisole (the absence of the cytolytic syndrome, the presence of immunodeficiency in the system of cellular immunity and disturbance of immunoregulation), prednisolone, the combination of prednisolone and azathioprine, and d-Penicillamine (severe hepatocellular insufficiency, the presence of autoimmune reactions and disturbance of immunoregulation). The treatment of patients with chronic active diseases with immunocorrective drugs required a strict individual approach taking account of clinicobiochemical, immunological and morphological indices. PMID- 3495045 TI - [Otoneurological therapy without drugs or surgery: psychomotor management]. PMID- 3495046 TI - [Symposium: New methods of research in clinical pharmacology. Paris, 19-20 March 1987. Abstracts]. PMID- 3495047 TI - [Problem-oriented documentation. 1. Introduction in various nursing units of a general psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 3495048 TI - Plasma anaphylatoxin concentrations in inflammatory skin diseases. AB - To study the possible involvement of the complement system in inflammatory skin disorders, we measured the concentrations of C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins in the peripheral blood of 148 patients with various inflammatory skin disorders and 48 healthy control subjects by radioimmunoassay. Significant increases in mean levels of both C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins were found in 59 patients with psoriasis. Remarkable increases in both C3a and C4a anaphylatoxins were also noted in some patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, urticarial vasculitis or unspecified toxic erythema. On the other hand, elevation of C4a alone was noted in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus. In contrast, using the mean of the normal control +/- 2 S.D., no significant anaphylatoxin elevation was found in 16 patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris, 7 with pityriasis rosea, 3 with erythema multiforme, and 3 with erythema nodosum or autoimmune bullous dermatoses. PMID- 3495049 TI - Immunotoxicologic evaluation of chlorine-based drinking water disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite and monochloramine. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chlorine-based disinfectants in the drinking water from weaning to 12 weeks of age, at which time they were terminated and assessed for immune competence. Chlorine-based drinking water disinfectants used were sodium hypochlorite (5, 15 and 30 ppm) and monochloramine (9, 19 and 38 ppm). Parameters of immunity measured were spleen and thymus weights, antibody production, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, natural killer cell (NKC) cytotoxicity, oxidative metabolism response (i.e chemiluminescence-CL) and phagocytosis by macrophages, and production of 2 immunoregulatory cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions of spleen weight, DTH reactions, and oxidative metabolism by macrophages were observed only in groups of rats exposed to high levels (30 ppm) of sodium hypochlorite, while PGE2 production was elevated. Rats exposed to the higher doses of monochloramine had reduced spleen weights (38 ppm), decreased antibody synthesis (9 and 19 ppm) and augmented PGE2 production (19 and 38 ppm). These results extend the earlier observations of others that macrophage function of laboratory rodents may be impaired by exposure to high concentrations of chlorinated drinking water. Furthermore, the function of other major populations of immunocytes and types of immune responses may also be altered following subchronic exposure to high concentrations of chlorinated drinking water. These types of effects on the immune system are a previously unrecognized potential side-effect of the ubiquitous practice of disinfection of water with chlorine compounds. Alteration of immune function of chlorine-based disinfectant-exposed rats in this study was only evident at relatively high doses, and only selected immune responses were altered. It appears, therefore, that these chlorine-based disinfectants are not particularly strong immunodepressants. However, further studies in different species may be warranted in order to better extrapolate to implications to human health following chronic low-level exposure. PMID- 3495050 TI - [A synthesis between fragmented and total patient care systems]. PMID- 3495051 TI - [Effect of electrostimulation on the blood circulation in the area of a mandibular fracture]. PMID- 3495052 TI - Tolerance induction of alloreactivity by portal venous inoculation with allogeneic cells followed by the injection of cyclophosphamide. I. Specific suppression of alloreactive cytotoxic and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses as well as allograft rejection. AB - BALB/c mice receiving allogeneic C3H/He spleen cells via portal venous (p.v.) route or a single administration of cyclophosphamide (Cy) were capable of rejecting allogeneic X5563 tumor cells (C3H/He origin). In contrast, the combined treatment of p.v. inoculation with C3H/He cells and Cy administration abrogated the capability of rejecting allogeneic X5563 tumor cells. The dose of Cy and interval between p.v. presensitization and Cy injection needed to be more than 1.5 mg Cy/mouse and less than 2 days, respectively. Such abrogation of alloreactivity was alloantigen-specific, since p.v. inoculation of C3H/He cells followed by Cy injection resulted in selective inhibition of rejecting allogeneic C3H/He tumor cells (X5563 plasmacytoma) without suppressing the capability of rejecting allogeneic C57BL/6 tumor cells (EL4 leukemia). Most important, the induction of alloantigen-specific unreactivity by p.v. presensitization plus Cy injection contrasted with the failure of intravenous or subcutaneous presensitization plus Cy injection to induce tolerance that permits the growth of allogeneic tumor cells inoculated. This was substantiated by the finding that p.v. presensitization with C3H/He cells prior to Cy injection eliminated anti C3H/He cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) potentials under conditions in which appreciable CTL and DTH responses are induced in mice inoculated via the i.v. route before Cy injection. These results demonstrate that p.v. inoculation of allogeneic cells followed by a single administration of Cy results in more efficient elimination of antialloantigen CTL and DTH reactivities, leading to the abrogation of potential to reject the allogenic tumor graft. PMID- 3495053 TI - Suppression of B lymphocyte genesis in the bone marrow by systemic graft-versus host reactions. AB - The effects of systemic graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions on B lymphocyte production in the bone marrow of mice were examined by quantitating populations of pre-B cells and B lymphocytes. Acute and chronic GVH reactions were induced by injecting A strain lymphoid cells into either (C57BL/6 X A) F1 or (CBA X A) F1 mice, respectively. Control groups of F1 hybrid mice were given syngeneic lymphoid cells. By double immunofluorescence labeling for cytoplasmic mu heavy chains of IgM (c mu) and for surface mu (s mu) the absolute numbers of pre-B cells (c mu + s mu-) and B lymphocytes (s mu +) in the bone marrow and spleen were determined. During acute GVH reactions, the pre-B cells and B lymphocytes in the bone marrow fell rapidly in numbers and were almost absent from 16 days until the end of the 30-day experimental period. In the spleen, the number of B lymphocytes remained normal for 8 days, then fell to less than 2% of control values from 16 days onward. A similar initial decline in pre-B cells and B lymphocytes occurred during chronic GVH reactions. In long-term survivors of GVH reactions, pre-B cells and B lymphocytes began to reappear after 40 days and maintained normal numbers from 100 to 150 days. The antibody response of spleen cells to sheep red blood cells was lost during GVH reactions. However, this occurred even before B lymphocytes were eliminated and the response remained subnormal after B lymphocyte numbers had recovered. The results demonstrate that systemic GVH reactions markedly depress the normally active genesis of primary B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of the host, accounting in part for the associated state of humoral immunodeficiency. PMID- 3495054 TI - Blocking of delivery of the antigen-mediated signal to the nucleus of T cells by cyclosporine. AB - Cyclosporine (CsA) inhibits release of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and hemopoietic growth activities such as interleukin 3 (IL-3) from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen-activated T cells. Production of both lymphokines appears to be coordinately regulated; the antigen dose response, T cell dose response, and time course of lymphokine appearance are similar. The triggering of lymphokine production by these cells is solely dependent on T cell-target cell interaction, as the T cell dose response curve indicates that no cooperation occurs between T cells, and any metabolic contribution by the target cell was eliminated by ultraviolet irradiation. This interaction triggers the transcription of lymphokine-encoding mRNA. The process of lymphokine release can be divided into 4 steps: Antigen binds to the T cell; a signal is transferred to the cell nucleus; transcription of lymphokine-encoding mRNA occurs; and intact lymphokine is synthesized and secreted. CsA inhibits antigen triggered lymphokine production. However, it does not inhibit lymphokine release from the constitutively producing tumor cell lines WEHI-3 (which releases IL-3) and MLA 144 (which produces IL-2). Thus CsA has no effects on the lymphokine secretion process or any direct action upon lymphokine-coding mRNA. CsA does not affect antigen recognition during cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, CsA acts after antigen binding and before transcription of lymphokine-encoding mRNA. That is CsA blocks the transmission of the antigen signal. This information is used to show that this CsA-sensitive signal is required continuously to maintain the T cell in a lymphokine-secreting state. PMID- 3495055 TI - Analysis of the alloreactive T cell repertoire in man. I. Differences in precursor frequency for cytotoxic T cell responses against allogeneic MHC molecules in unrelated individuals. AB - We demonstrate here that in man the frequency of cytotoxic T cells specific for a given set of allo-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens varies among unrelated individuals. This has been established by limiting dilution analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) in the presence of irradiated autologous filler cells, T cell growth factors, and irradiated HPBL carrying allo MHC antigens. Two unrelated individuals were tested against the same panel of allo-MHC antigens. We have been able to identify frequencies of T cells ranging from 1:5,000 to 1:20,000(high), 1:20,000 to 1:60,000(intermediate) and 1:60,000 to 1:100,000(low). In some cases, the precursor frequency of cytotoxic T cells was so low that it was considered to represent nonresponsiveness. The clear differences in precursor frequency suggest that this system is suitable for further analysis of the allo-MHC-specific repertoire in man. PMID- 3495056 TI - [Analysis of cytoskeleton structural changes in the granular cells of the frog bladder during the stimulation of water transport]. AB - Structural changes of the cytoskeleton of the frog urinary bladder granular cells were examined during low and high water permeability of the epithelium. A tight connection of the microfilaments and microtubules with vacuolar membranes and a great increase in the number of microtubules during a stimulated water flow was shown using different electron microscopic methods. Two populations of microtubules were discovered, respectively, with different diameter and different rate of stability. It is suggested that the thicker microtubules while interacting with actin microfilaments through associated electron dense globules may fulfil the transport function in the cell. PMID- 3495057 TI - [Enhanced stability of isolated muscles and actomyosin due to the action of anesthetics in subnarcotic concentrations]. AB - Subnarcotic concentrations of anesthetics and model anesthetics prolong the survival time of isolated living frog skeletal muscles, the time of contractile ability of the same glycerinated muscles, and the time of frog skeleton muscle actomyosin denaturation. The mode of anesthetic action involves hydrophobic interactions of anesthetics with the investigated biosystems. According to the quantitative analysis, physico-chemical parameters of the anesthetic-binding sites are identical in muscle and in muscle models. This result is interpreted as an evidence that anesthetic-evoked rising of contractile protein stability may be involved in the mechanism of stabilization of isolated muscles. PMID- 3495058 TI - [Correlation between the heat resistance of the provisional and definitive muscle tissue during the metamorphosis crisis in frogs]. AB - Using tadpoles of the lake frog Rana ridibunda Pall. during metamorphosis, a study was made of the heat resistance of the provisional muscle tissue of the tail and of that of two definitive muscles belonging to low-resistant (musculus iliofibularis) and high-resistant (musculus gastrocnemius) groups. It has been shown that during the late metamorphosis a statistically significant direct relation exists between the heat resistance of the provisional muscle tissue of the tail and definitive m. iliofibularis. A comparison with the earlier published data points to a positive correlation between each of these two characteristics and the survival of larvae at high injurious temperature. PMID- 3495059 TI - [Metabolism of extracellular adenine nucleotides and adenosine uptake by rat thymocytes; the effect of concanavalin A]. AB - Thymocytes under cultivation conditions are established to catabolyze rapidly extracellular ATP and AMP which do not penetrate through the plasma membrane. Thymocytes uptake adenosine produced from adenosine nucleotides. Concanavalin A inhibits the extracellular hydrolysis of AMP and adenosine uptake by thymocytes. PMID- 3495060 TI - [The occupational environment and health of seamstresses. A cross-sectional study of neck, shoulder and arm symptoms in seamstresses in the textile industry]. PMID- 3495061 TI - [Acute fulminating pulmonary insufficiency in a patient with AIDS not previously recognized]. PMID- 3495062 TI - Electroanalgesia in urologic surgery. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was employed to reduce postoperative pain in 40 patients who had either radical nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, or implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis. These patients used 68 per cent less pain medication and made 84 per cent fewer requests for meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) injections than did 40 control patients who had similar surgical procedures. The TENS units were easy to use, and there were no complications to electroanalgesia. The TENS program also was costeffective. TENS provided a simple, safe method of reducing postoperative pain in the three surgical procedures tested. Electroanalgesia may have application in other types of urologic surgery, and TENS should be particularly useful in patients who have outpatient surgery. PMID- 3495063 TI - Non-cardiac surgical diseases of the thorax. PMID- 3495064 TI - [Immunostimulating effect of microwaves after exposure of the thymus projection zone in the rabbit]. PMID- 3495065 TI - [Dynamics of the electroencephalographic indices of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders treated with a UHF electrical field]. PMID- 3495066 TI - [Effect of bitemporal treatment with a UHF electrical field on spermatogenesis, hormone metabolism and cellular immunity in patients with secondary infertility]. PMID- 3495068 TI - [Purification of human alpha-1-protease inhibitor and production of antisera for its immunochemical determination]. AB - Human homogeneous alpha-I-inhibitor of proteases was isolated and purified by means of chromatography on DEAE cellulose, hydroxyapatite and concanavalin Sepharose 4B. After immunization of rabbits specific monovalent antiserum towards the inhibitor was produced. The antiserum was used in diagnosis of hereditary deficiency of alpha-I-inhibitor of proteases and for estimation of its content in newborns. PMID- 3495067 TI - [Comparative study of the effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium homeostasis and bone tissue state in rats during hypokinesia]. AB - Preventive administration of vitamin D3 active metabolites 1.25(OH)2D3 and 24.25(OH)2D3 into growing rats, kept under conditions of long-term hard hypokinesia, normalized Ca metabolism and the state of bone tissue depending on the preparations dose and their combination. 1.25(OH)2D3 at a dose of 0.03 microgram per an animal daily augmented effectively the Ca absorption in small intestine, corrected hypocalcemia, increased slightly the bone tissue density and the Ca and P content in the tissue as well as it elevated the volume of spongiosa, width of the epiphysial growth plate (EGP) and the amount of osteoclasts. After an increase of the metabolite dose up to 0.15 microgram hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, intensive resorption of bone tissue, distinct increase in the osteoclasts content and ectopic calcification were observed. Administration of 1.35(OH)2D3 and 24.25(OH)2D3 combination (0.03 microgram and 0.25 or 1.25 micrograms, respectively) or only 24.25(OH)2D3 at a dose of 1.25 micrograms caused a restoration of Ca absorption in intestine and of its level in blood as well as mineral composition, density of bone tissue, volume of primary and secondary spongiosa were normalized, while the EGP width and amount of osteoclasts remained decreased. Synergic effect of 1.25(OH)2D3 and 24.25(OH)2D3 in rats appears to depend on their various functions in regulation of Ca metabolism, in development and remodelation of bone tissue, thus indicating that these metabolites of vitamin D3 should be used simultaneously under conditions of hypokinesia for prophylactic purposes. PMID- 3495069 TI - Chlamydial infection in West Virginia. PMID- 3495070 TI - Blue-yellow vision deficits in patients with diabetes. AB - Home blood glucose monitoring has been introduced as a means to achieve good control in patients with diabetes mellitus. Many patients use color-reagent strips and color comparisons to determine blood glucose levels. Intact color vision in the blue-yellow range is necessary for accurately interpreting these strips.Blue-yellow vision deficits occur as a consequence of eye disease and are not genetic or sex-linked. We evaluated blue-yellow vision acuity in 70 diabetic patients and in 19 age-matched control subjects. The patients with diabetes were subdivided according to their degree of retinopathy as follows: no disease (N = 14), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (N = 16), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (N = 14) and postlaser-treated (N = 26). None of the control group had deficits. Each group of diabetic patients had a statistically significant increase in color vision deficits compared with the controls. In the laser treated group, deficits occurred in most patients, were more severe and were significantly increased over all other diabetic subgroups. These deficits may impair visual interpretation of home blood glucose monitoring strips. PMID- 3495071 TI - [Status of equilibrium and hearing in patients with allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 3495072 TI - [Liver diseases in children and their relatives with homozygous and heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. AB - Over a 6-year period 26 infants and children with homozygous (2 Z and 6 ZZ) or heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (12 MZ, 6 MS) were observed prospectively and their families investigated. 7 of 8 homozygous patients had neonatal hepatitis, whereby 3 of these showed maximum transferase activities during the 5th to 9th months of life. At the age of 7 years 2 of these patients were clinically normal, but only one patient had normal transferases. One patient had cirrhosis with portal hypertension at the age of 16 years 6 months; her nephew showed hypersplenism. Family studies revealed a further 5 relatives of phenotype Z, 16 of phenotype MZ, 3 of phenotype SZ and 1 of phenotype MS; 6 of these had slightly elevated serum transferase activities. 6 patients of phenotype MZ and 2 patients of phenotype MS had neonatal hepatitis but generally with a much better prognosis than in homozygous patients. The other heterozygous patients (6 MZ and 4 MS) had a variety of additional factors determining the disease and the prognosis. Family studies showed a further 7 family members of phenotype MZ, and 2 of phenotype MS; 2 of these had slightly elevated transferase activities, 3 parents had hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia. PMID- 3495073 TI - [Physical treatment of herpetic diseases. Report of a pilot study with low frequency electrotherapy]. AB - Standard methods employed in physiotherapy are seldom applied to florid herpes zoster since they bring little benefit. Initial experience with electrotherapy for herpes is reported. Pulsed galvanic current at a frequency of 30 hertz was applied to the region of the affected segmental nerve. In two centres (Vienna and Maribor) treatment was carried out on 32 patients with herpes zoster (recovery in Vienna after a mean duration of treatment of 6.3 days; in Maribor recovery after 20 days of treatment) and 18 patients with herpes simplex (recovery after 5 or 6.5 days respectively) were treated. Follow up of all patients treated in Vienna showed that only one patient out of the zoster group developed post-herpetic neuralgia. Three patients with herpes simplex had a relapse of the disease, but it was less severe than before treatment. The better results in Vienna were explained by the use of strictly monopolar wave forms and the fact that treatment was applied every day, while in Maribor patients received no treatment over a weekend. PMID- 3495074 TI - Latent herpesvirus infections of neurons in guinea pigs and humans. AB - Latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the trigeminal ganglion of guinea pigs and latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection of the trigeminal ganglion of humans were studied by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Guinea pig trigeminal ganglia were removed during the period of viral latency (four to five weeks after corneal inoculation of HSV), and human ganglia were removed at autopsy. Radiolabeled HSV and VZV DNAs were used to probe ganglion tissue sections for viral-specified RNA. Hybridization detected only over neurons was present in 46 percent of ganglia from 22 latently infected guinea pigs and from 33 percent of ganglia from 10 human subjects. These results support the conclusion that some viral transcription occurred during HSV and VZV latency. PMID- 3495076 TI - [The present and future of the campaign against tuberculosis in Hungary]. AB - The situation of the fight against tuberculosis in Hungary is analysed. It is found that the steady decrease of incidence was temporary. The consequent application of the different measures of the fight against tuberculosis will lead to a further decline of the incidence. PMID- 3495075 TI - Experimental models of myasthenia gravis: lessons in autoimmunity and progress toward better forms of treatment. AB - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a large membrane protein found in muscle cells. It is involved in the transformation of acetylcholine packets into a membrane depolarization, which thereby leads to a muscle twitch. This large, complex molecule is the target of the autoimmune attack in myasthenia gravis, and much has been learned in the past decade about myasthenia by the induction of autoimmunity to AChR in experimental animals. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) has been produced in a variety of animals by immunization with AChR or AChR-like material, or by the passive transfer of anti-AChR antibodies or lymphocytes from afflicted animals into normal animals. EAMG is a remarkably faithful model of human myasthenia and has provided much information about how the immune response to AChR progresses and how weakness and damage to the neuromuscular junction ensure. EAMG has also allowed the development of a number of revolutionary forms of treatment in which only the abnormal response to AChR is restrained, and other necessary immune functions are left intact. These advances in treatment are not far from being tested in human myasthenia gravis. The experience gained in applying these concepts in EAMG and human myasthenia will be helpful in developing similar forms of treatment for other autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3495077 TI - [The cancer register and notification responsibility]. AB - Changes of the age-specific and age-standardized incidence of malignant neoplasms in the GDR between 1962 and 1980 are investigated. A series of cancer localisation has increased in which case improved diagnostics and increased risk are discussed as causes (cancer of colon and rectum, of the pancreas, the breast and the testicle). The epidemics of bronchial cancer has apparently reached its climax, the admission rates stagnate. Cancer of the stomach and recently also cancer of the gallbladder and the extrahepatic bile ducts decrease in their frequency. PMID- 3495078 TI - [Chlamydia infection in Reiter's syndrome]. AB - We report on 129 patients (109 females, 21 males) clinically suspect of Reiter's syndrome (RS).52 (48%) of the patients were positive for C. trachomatis. In 39.8% of the patients, we found antibodies against chlamydial complement with the titers 1:4 to 1:16. The titers 1:16 and higher were present in 33.3% of the men and in 22.2% of the women. Direct electron microscopy of urethral biopsies and synovial fluids revealed chlamydial elementary and initial bodies in 54.1% of the cases. Cytological investigations showed chlamydial inclusions in 38% of the patients. One strain of C. trachomatis could be isolated from urethral samples of two men in chicken embryos. HLA-B27 antigen was found in 86% of the patients positive for Chlamydia and and in 50% of those negative for Chlamydia. PMID- 3495079 TI - [Is Trichophyton violaceum on the advance?]. PMID- 3495080 TI - [A new procedure for determining alpha-amylase activity in the saliva]. PMID- 3495081 TI - [Development and assessment of an artificial pacemaker of the ureter with feedback]. AB - In 16 patients who had been operated on according to Andersen-Hynes an electrostimulation of the upper urinary passages was carried out. One electrode consisting of a carbon filament was induced into the pelvis of the ureter, a second one with an at least 100 times larger contact surface than in the carbon electrode was placed on the skin. When the motor activity was restored (usually on the 9th to 12th day after operation) the electrostimulation was discontinued. The advantage of the method presented consists in the fact that the electrostimulation takes place in physiologically established time intervals. The presence of a feedback allows to discontinue the electrostimulation in such cases in which the restored independent contractions of the ureter transgressed the given level of 1 mV. PMID- 3495082 TI - [Regional statistical analysis of peripartal mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases 1962-1984 in East Germany]. AB - The analysis of peripartal mortality showed a total number of 273 death cases caused by cardiovascular diseases in the GDR in the period from 1962-1984. - Based on the finding, that in the GDR all preconditions for a country wide statistical analysis of death cases during gestation are fulfilled, we can result from a complete registration of all maternal cardiovascular death cases. Rheumatic heart diseases are the largest group with a percentage of 44.3. They will be followed by death cases as a result of brain and sub arachnoid hemorrhage with 13.9%, by such owing to congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system with 9.9% and by death cases caused by a pulmonary heart disease with 9.2%. Frequency rates of the investigated period show a continuous decrease from 0.98 per 10,000 newborn children in the period from 1979-1983. Death cases as consequence of rheumatic illness, acute and subacute bacterial carditis and pulmonary heart diseases could be considerably reduced in the investigated period. We have to notice a stagnation of death cases caused by brain and subarachnoid hemorrhage and death cases as a result of congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system. A temporal relationship between mortality decrease on one hand and improved of diagnostic, therapeutic and organizational measures on the other could be proved. Despite the considerable decrease of death cases owing to cardiovascular diseases - considering the likewise noticed simultaneous reduction of the wide peripartal mortality - the percentage has been hardly changed high with figures between 9.1% and 7.0%. The same is to say about its portion in the group of indirect or non-gestational caused death cases, too. From that follows, that at present times, too, cardiovascular diseases belong to that death-causes groups, which burden peripartal mortality on a large scale. PMID- 3495083 TI - A role for interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages in response to a variety of environmental insults including chemicals, phagocytosis, bacteria, and bacterial products. Macrophages stimulated by Borrelia burgdorferi produced large quantities of IL-1 when spirochetes were added to macrophages at a ratio of 10 spirochetes per macrophage. The release of IL-1 was dose dependent: a single spirochete per macrophage was sufficient to produce significant quantities of IL-1. Spirochetal lipopolysaccharide was not required for this activity in that polymyxin B in the spirochete-macrophage culture had no effect on IL-1 production. Normal murine fibroblasts cultured with this IL-1 were shown to have an increased rate of DNA synthesis and an increase in secreted collagenase. IL-1 was found in joint fluids from Lyme disease patients. When IL-1 was injected intradermally into the backs of rabbits, the injection sites became indurated, erythematous, and warm to the touch after 4 hrs and annular lesions much like those of erythema chronicum migrans were seen in some animals after 24 hrs. B. burgdorferi is a powerful inducer for IL-1 in vitro, and it is reasonable to presume that it acts similarly in Lyme disease patients. Our results suggest that IL-1 in turn, may play a role in many of the clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. PMID- 3495084 TI - Adherence of Lyme disease spirochetes to rat lymphocytes. AB - In the present work, the capacity of Lyme disease (LD) Spirochetes to spontaneously adhere to rat lymphocytes has been evaluated. Borrelia organisms adhere to thymus, spleen, Payer's patches and peripheral blood lymphocytes in a higher frequency than that observed with Salmonella minnesota R345 (Rb) used as reference strain. Employing enriched splenic T and B cell populations, Spirochete binding to B lymphocytes is more elevated than that obtained with Salmonella, while similar percentage of T cells forms rosettes with both microorganisms. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for a novel mode of interaction between LD Spirochetes and host immune system. PMID- 3495085 TI - [Physical therapy of hereditary neuropathies]. AB - In a series of 118 patients with the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neural amyotrophy the authors evaluated a comparative therapeutic efficacy of electrophoresis of benzohexamethonium and a new method of physiotherapy, namely, administration of ganglioblockers with the help of sinusoidal modulated currents. The results of the treatment were assessed from the time course of clinico-electrophysiologic parameters. The most marked positive course of the clinico-electrophysiological parameters was observed following electrophoresis of benzohexamethonium by sinusoid modulated current. PMID- 3495086 TI - [Role of B cells in CFU-mix growth]. PMID- 3495087 TI - DDAVP and life-threatening diffuse gastric bleeding in uraemia. Case report. AB - Bleeding in uraemia is frequently manifest as diffuse gastric mucosal haemorrhage. In a patient with acute renal failure, prolonged bleeding time and life-threatening bleeding of this type, effective haemostasis was established with platelet-rich blood products and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). PMID- 3495088 TI - [The value of the Pi system phenotype in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. AB - One-hundred-and-ten children between the ages of two months and 14 years with the following liver diseases were studied: 16 with acute viral hepatitis, 8 with persistent chronic hepatitis, 31 with active chronic hepatitis, 5 with hepatic steatosis, 11 with cirrhosis of the liver, 24 with newborn cholestasis, 3 with Wilson's disease, 2 with congenital hepatic fibrosis, 5 with metabolic diseases and 5 due to other causes. These children presented Pi system phenotypes in isoelectric focus using ultrafine polyacrylamide gels according to Kuepper's method, with modifications incorporated to determine Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1-AT) serum level deficiencies in those presenting the Pi ZZ phenotype, a liver biopsy with P.A.S. coloration on digestion of diastase and a family history of the phenotype. Four (3.6%) of the children with Pi ZZ phenotypes showed a decrease of serum A1-AT and the presence of positive P.A.S. inclusions resistant to diastase in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Three had a history of postnatal icterus and the fourth presented hepatomegaly. The phenotypic study of the parents showed their being heterozygous (MZ), while siblings were normal (MM). The importance of the diagnosis of A1-AT deficiency and the diagnostic value of detecting Pi system phenotypes in every case of liver disease in children and adolescents is stressed. PMID- 3495089 TI - Propofol emulsion for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. A combined technique of general and regional anaesthesia. AB - To provide general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation during regional blockades, three dose regimens of propofol emulsion were studied: induction 2 mg kg-1, infusion rate 9 mg kg-1 h-1 (Group 1); induction 2.5 mg kg-1, infusion rate 12 mg kg-1 h-1 (Group 2); induction 2.5 mg kg-1, infusion rate 9 mg kg-1 (Group 3). Each group comprised 10 healthy (ASA class 1 or 2) unpremedicated patients. The induction times measured from the start of injection until counting ceased (+/- 50 s) and until eye-lash reflex disappeared (+/- 80 s) showed no statistical differences between groups. In five patients in Group 1 and one patient in each of Groups 2 and 3 the induction dose was too low for intubation. Pain on injection was seen in 13 cases (mild 6, moderate 6 and severe 1). Cough accompanied by hypersalivation was the most important side-effect. Recovery times varied widely and showed no statistical differences. Answering simple questions was possible after 14 min in Group 1, 23 min in Group 2 and 19 min in Group 3. Apart from a short period of euphoria, recovery was uneventful. There was no tendency to fall asleep again. None of the combinations of induction doses and infusion rates provided good anaesthesia conditions for an acceptable number of patients. PMID- 3495090 TI - Management of urinary incontinence in children with myelomeningocele. AB - Several forms of treatment of lower urinary tract functional disorders have been attempted in children with myelomeningocele (MMC). Intravesical electrical stimulation was attempted in 10 patients. Urinary control was achieved in one and in the remaining 9 either the bladder was resistant to stimulation or the children discontinued the treatment due to loss of interest. A combined anticholinergic and calcium blocking agent, terodiline, was tested in 8: symptoms improved in 4, but bladder compliance was unchanged. Clean intermittent catheterization, either alone or in combination with medication, seems to be the most beneficial treatment. PMID- 3495091 TI - Dorsal column stimulation in pain treatment. AB - Thirty-five patients with chronic pain were treated by electrical stimulation of the dorsal columns through implanted epidural electrodes. In 5, such stimulation had minimal pain-reducing effect during an immediate postoperative trial period, and the electrodes were removed. In the remaining 30, an electrode system for chronic stimulation was implanted. Four of these died of related or unrelated causes. The electrode system was removed in 2 patients due to infections, and in 1 due to mechanical discomfort. The remaining 23 patients answered a questionnaire concerning the pain reducing effect of stimulation (4-60 months postoperatively, median 15 months). The group as a whole estimated the pain reducing effect of stimulation as weak. Only 10 patients (43.5%) used the stimulator regularly. Even in these patients, the pain-reducing effect was limited. Chronic back pain after repeated back surgery responded relatively better to stimulation than did the other cases. Phantom limb pain was most resistant. The modest results suggest future restriction on the use of such stimulation. PMID- 3495092 TI - Positron emission tomography (PET) in the study of dopamine receptors in the primate brain: evaluation of a kinetic model using 11C-N-methyl-spiperone. AB - The regional kinetics of 11C-N-methyl-spiperone (11C-NMSP) are described in the monkey brain under tracer conditions and after displacement and protection experiments. The primary aim of the study was to investigate different methodological problems associated with use of 11C-NMSP in the quantitation of receptor properties before applying the method in clinical research. Special emphasis was placed on the evaluation of different mathematical approximations of a general compartment model. Different mathematical procedures are described and the results indicate that the approximations performed are reasonable. The simplest method for obtaining a reliable measurement of the rate constant k3 (which is approximately equal to proportional to the number of receptors) and k4 (the receptor dissociation rate constant) uses the radioactivity in the cerebellum as a measure of the tissue concentration of ligand equilibrating with the receptor compartment. PMID- 3495093 TI - Effect of lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae on ciliary activity of the human nasal mucosa and bullfrog palate clearance. AB - The influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Haemophilus influenzae on the ciliary activity of human nasal mucosa was first studied using both a photo oscillographic apparatus and by bullfrog palate clearance. Neither modification of ciliary activity nor change in bullfrog palate clearance was observed in the early phase after the administration of LPS. PMID- 3495094 TI - Effect of radioactive iodine therapy on parotid gland function. AB - In 37 males and females with thyroid carcinoma, treated with radio-iodine, parotid gland function was investigated before and one week after therapy. 34 subjects remained free of complaints and showed no effect of 131I-therapy on parotid flow rate. Following therapy, all of them showed alterations in the composition of parotid secretion, especially enhanced values for alpha-amylase activity, protein concentration and sodium concentration. Three subjects developed acute parotitis of the obstructive sialadenitis type. In these patients, flow rate was severely reduced. The values for PHI, sodium, alpha amylase and protein in parotid saliva were markedly elevated. Just as in chronic recurrent parotitis, increased activity of salivary glandular kallikrein in radio iodine sialadenitis was measured. PMID- 3495095 TI - Yersinia-associated arthritis in the rat: experimental model for human reactive arthritis? AB - Rats of five different strains were injected intravenously with live Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis III. Twelve to 18 days after inoculation of Y. enterocolitica O:8, arthritic symptoms appeared in the hindpaws of SHR rats. They started with erythema, followed by swelling and painful movement, closely resembling findings in adjuvant arthritis. Histologically, the inflammation was dominated by neutrophils in two cases, whereas in two others the inflammatory cells were predominantly lymphocytes. Two of five rats yielded positive bacterial cultures from the joints. Altogether, arthritis was observed in five of nine SHR surviving beyond day 14 after the bacterial inoculation. Rats of Lewis, Wistar, WKY and Zucker strains did not develop any signs of arthritis after intravenous injection of Y. enterocolitica or pseudotuberculosis. Also in the SHR rats, Y. pseudotuberculosis failed to induce arthritis. PMID- 3495096 TI - [HPLC determination of piroxicam in human serum and its pharmacokinetic parameters]. PMID- 3495097 TI - [Determination of the degradation product, p-aminobenzoic acid, in procaine hydrochcloride injections]. PMID- 3495098 TI - Epidermal growth factor is expressed by cells in the distal tubules during postnephrectomy renal growth. PMID- 3495099 TI - Why has the incidence of schizophrenia in Danish psychiatric institutions decreased since 1970? AB - From The Danish Psychiatric Register five cohorts of all first-admitted patients to Danish psychiatric institutions from the years 1970, 1973, 1976, 1979, and 1980 have been followed, and trends in age-standardized rates of schizophrenia investigated. The first-admission rates have decreased in both sexes, significantly in males. In addition, the cumulated schizophrenia rates for the cohorts, including those of patients diagnosed as schizophrenics only at a later admission within periods of 2 and 5 years, decreased. This decrease is significant at 2 years of observation in both sexes and at 5 years in females. The decreasing first-admission rates might be explained partly by changes in diagnostic habits. The differential diagnoses of schizophrenia (paranoid states (ICD-8:297), paranoid reactive psychoses (298.3), unspecified psychoses (298.9 and 299), and borderline states (ICD-8 Danish version: 301.83] are increasingly used as first-admission diagnosis for patients later to be diagnosed as schizophrenic, possibly owing to a tendency to avoid the diagnosis of schizophrenia, when treatment of a patient is possible. A method of calculating the hospital incidence of schizophrenia approaching the real incidence better than the incidence of first-admission diagnoses is suggested. PMID- 3495100 TI - Social and resource factors related to the utilization of emergency psychiatric services in the Athens area. AB - Emergency Psychiatric Service of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Athens is the only referral service for the emergency psychiatric cases coming from the Athens greater area. During 1981 2,169 patients used the Service. The relations of socio-demographic and resource factors of the 26 districts of the greater area of Athens to a Standardized Psychiatric Emergencies Index (S.P.E.I.) are investigated in the study. Unemployment, education, profession, distance from the service, psychiatric coverage and involuntary incoming were considered as independent variables and S.P.E.I. for 1981 as a dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis showed that the only factor significantly correlated with the emergency use of the psychiatric service is the distance from the Facility. PMID- 3495101 TI - Posturography measuring instability in vestibular dysfunction in the elderly. AB - Balance dysfunction may be a cause of falling in the elderly. Disturbance of the vestibular system may have a repercussion upon balance performance, causing instability. Unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) and its disturbing influence upon the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR), measured by the postural sway, has been studied. This influence is dependent on the interfering action of central adaptive and compensatory mechanisms. This central compensation may be different for vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the VSR. This comparative study shows that the elaboration of compensation in elderly people is less efficacious at the VSR level than at the VOR level. The influence of visual fixation is also stressed by comparing the posturographic recordings made with eyes open and eyes closed. PMID- 3495102 TI - [A case of solitary pelvic kidney with vesicoureteral reflux and neurogenic bladder dysfunction]. AB - A case of solitary pelvic kidney with neurogenic bladder dysfunction with vesicoureteral reflux is presented. The patient was a 15-year-old boy with sacral vertebral dysplasia and hare-lip, and he has been complaining of recurrent fever episodes and urinary incontinence since 11 years old. Renal anomaly was confirmed by DIP, CT and angiography, and grade IV vesicoureteral reflux was demonstrated by voiding cystourethrography. On cystometrography, low compliance bladder which had a 70 ml capacity on first desire to void and 90 ml capacity on maximum desire to void was observed. Electromyography of anal sphincter performed with uroflowmetry revealed no relaxation of external sphincter during voiding. To preserve renal function, antireflux surgery was performed by Cohen's method, and a successful result, that is cessation of reflux and no ureteral obstruction, was achieved. After operation, periodic transcutaneous electrical stimulation were applied to the pudendal nerve, as a result bladder capacity increased to 150 ml and dysuria with incontinence improved. PMID- 3495103 TI - Artifacts caused by cosmetics in MR imaging of the head. AB - Cosmetics can produce severe distortion of the orbital contents in MR imaging. This distortion, typical of compounds that exhibit a permanent magnetic moment, results from iron oxide in the pigments used to produce dark shades of makeup. In general, the artifact created by cosmetics does not interfere with interpreting routine head scans. However, if the orbital contents are the subject of clinical concern, the images may then be rendered nondiagnostic. The artifact created by the makeup is propagated along the frequency-encoding axis of the images. PMID- 3495104 TI - Radiation-induced phosphorescence from thulium-activated yttrium tantalate screens. PMID- 3495105 TI - Development of a useful picture archiving and communications system. PMID- 3495106 TI - Academic and private practice: competition, concession and conciliation. PMID- 3495107 TI - Beyond radiology training: a guide to career choice. PMID- 3495108 TI - Chest case of the day. PMID- 3495109 TI - Musculoskeletal case of the day. PMID- 3495110 TI - Neuroradiology case of the day. PMID- 3495111 TI - Determining arterial entry site for catheter. PMID- 3495112 TI - Rediscovery of the "downhill" wheel. PMID- 3495113 TI - The value of a worksheet in body-CT examinations. PMID- 3495114 TI - The naked segment sign of a ligated or severed anomalous bile duct. PMID- 3495115 TI - Cine MR determination of left ventricular ejection fraction. AB - Cine MR imaging provides tomographic images of the heart with both high spatial and high temporal resolution. As many as 32 images per cardiac cycle can be acquired with up to four separate anatomic slices and a total imaging time of 128 cardiac cycles. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were determined in 11 patients, and ejection fractions were calculated. The results correlated linearly with those from cardiac catheterization (correlation coefficient of .88). We conclude that cine MR imaging can be used to obtain quantitative information about the heart and has the potential to become a valuable noninvasive means of cardiac evaluation. PMID- 3495116 TI - Transthoracic needle aspiration: use of a small chest tube to treat pneumothorax. AB - The primary complication of transthoracic needle aspiration is pneumothorax. The efficacy and safety of using a small chest tube to treat this complication were examined by reviewing the records of 876 patients who underwent transthoracic needle aspirations between January 1981 and February 1986. Among these patients, 212 (24%) sustained a pneumothorax, and 92 (11%) required placement of a small 9 French chest tube attached to a flutter-type (Heimlich) valve. Duration of chest tube drainage ranged between 24 hr and 3 weeks (mean, 2.2 days). Complete resolution of the pneumothorax and subsequent removal of the chest tube after 24 hr of drainage occurred in 38 (41%) of the 92 patients. Twenty-nine (32%) required 48 hr of drainage, and nine (10%) required 3 days. The remaining 16 (17%) required longer periods of drainage ranging from 4 days to 3 weeks. The tubes of six of this last group of patients were attached to a suction apparatus, and three of these patients eventually had a 28-French chest tube placed surgically. No significant complications occurred. The use of a small chest tube for treatment of pneumothorax after transthoracic needle aspiration is easy, safe, and efficacious. PMID- 3495117 TI - Occult pneumonia associated with dehydration: myth or reality. PMID- 3495118 TI - Percutaneous abscess drainage in Crohn's disease. AB - The effect of 18 percutaneous abscess drainage procedures on the clinical management of 10 patients with Crohn's disease was evaluated. Two abscesses occurred immediately after surgery (two patients), five were in the liver (three patients), and 11 were the result of direct spread of disease from adjacent transmural bowel involvement (seven patients). Both postoperative and all five hepatic abscesses were treated successfully with percutaneous drainage. In two of the seven patients with abscesses secondary to transmural bowel disease, percutaneous drainage resulted in resolution of the abscess without the need for any further surgical intervention. The remaining five patients had subsequent elective intestinal surgery in which a single-stage surgical resection and primary reanastomosis were performed successfully. Two of these patients had abscesses recur at the same location, prompting a repeat percutaneous drainage before surgery. No enterocutaneous fistulas secondary to percutaneous drainage developed in any of the 10 patients. These results indicate that percutaneous abscess drainage can be a valuable technique for treating abscesses that result as a complication of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3495119 TI - Small-bowel disease: categorization by CT examination. AB - Fifty patients with no small-bowel disease were evaluated by CT to determine the normal appearance of the small bowel and mesentery. Subsequently, the CT findings in 95 patients with proven small-bowel disease were analyzed to determine which CT observations correlated with neoplastic, inflammatory, or edema-producing processes. Thirty-three (83%) of 40 patients with wall thickening or mesenteric masses greater than 1.5 cm had a neoplastic process. Twenty-eight (82%) of 34 patients with normal mesenteric fat attenuation, wall thickening less than 1.5 cm, or mesenteric masses less than 1.5 cm had inflammatory disease. Fourteen (67%) of 21 patients with no mesenteric mass, increased mesenteric fat attenuation, and wall thickening less than 1.5 cm had noninflammatory edema. Overall, CT assigned 75 (79%) of 95 patients into appropriate categories; use of ancillary CT findings led to correct categorization in 83 (87%). CT is helpful in correctly assigning a disease category to patients with small-bowel wall thickening. PMID- 3495120 TI - 99mTc RBC scintigraphy: correlation of gastrointestinal bleeding rates with scintigraphic findings. AB - In 62 consecutive patients, 99mTc RBC studies were reviewed and the scintigraphic findings were characterized to determine the ability of 99mTc RBC scintigraphy to estimate bleeding rates in patients with active gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Of the 62 scans, 10 showed early positivity (less than 1 hr) with a strongly intense bleeding focus relative to hepatic activity (group 1), four showed delayed positivity (greater than 1 hr) with a strong focus (group 2), five showed early positivity with a weak focus (group 3), 12 showed delayed positivity with a weak focus (group 4), and 31 studies were negative (group 5). The mean bleeding rates were then calculated by dividing the blood transfusion volume requirements by the duration of active bleeding for each patient, as recorded in the patients' charts. The mean bleeding rates for these groups were 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, and 0.1 ml/min, respectively. Group 1 patients had the greatest mean blood-volume loss, longest duration of active bleeding, and highest mean bleeding rate, and they required more aggressive therapy than the other groups. The minimum mean bleeding rate detectable by scintigraphy was 0.1 ml/min. Our results suggest that 99mTc RBC scintigraphy can estimate bleeding rates and identify those patients who are at higher risk for developing massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage requiring more aggressive therapy. PMID- 3495121 TI - Renal carcinoma after retrograde pyelography with Thorotrast. PMID- 3495122 TI - Adrenal myelolipoma: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration. PMID- 3495123 TI - Neuroblastoma: the role of MR imaging. AB - Thirty-five MR examinations were performed in 17 children with neuroblastoma during the course of their diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Findings were confirmed by correlation with the results of other imaging techniques, biopsies, and surgical and autopsy findings. MR accurately detected the lesions and their extent in all patients. It correctly evaluated the possibility of resectability and showed metastases, response to treatment and development of complications. MR appears to be a reliable technique for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of children with neuroblastoma. PMID- 3495124 TI - The position and mobility of the duodenum in children. AB - Forty-three control patients (neonate to 17 years old) were studied by upper gastrointestinal series to determine the position of key duodenal landmarks and the mobility of the duodenojejunal flexure with manual displacement. These results were compared with the duodenal positions of 35 children of similar ages with surgically documented malrotation. Nine criteria were identified as a useful means of detecting subtle abnormalities of duodenal position. The normal duodenojejunal flexure was found to be readily displaceable in neonates and could be pushed to the right of the spine in over two-thirds of patients less than 4 months old. Over 4 years of age, mobility was very limited. A mobile duodenum discovered on fluoroscopic examination or by positioning of a transpyloric feeding tube should not be considered indicative of malrotation in infancy. PMID- 3495125 TI - Vascular thrombosis and homocystinuria. PMID- 3495126 TI - Radiation exposure reduction by use of Kevlar cassettes in the neonatal nursery. AB - A study was performed to determine whether the use of Kevlar cassettes in the neonatal intensive care nursery would reduce radiation exposure to patients. The radiation dose to the neonates was measured by using thermoluminescent dosimeters. In addition, the attenuation of the Kevlar cassettes and the sensitivity of the film-screen combination were compared with the previously used system. The greatest radiation reduction using a mobile X-ray unit was 27%; based on sensitivity measurements, the theoretical reduction averaged 38%. The reduction in radiation exposure resulted from reduced attenuation by the Kevlar cassette. PMID- 3495127 TI - Dyke award. Imaging of spinal CSF pulsation by 2DFT MR: significance during clinical imaging. AB - Understanding the MR appearance of spinal CSF is important in interpreting clinical spine images because the diagnosis of spinal pathology requires an accurate delineation of spinal CSF from spinal cord and thecal sac. During conventional 2DFT MR imaging of the spine, CSF pulsation caused two interdependent flow phenomena, signal loss and phase-shift images. Signal loss was observed as decreased signal intensity arising from pulsatile spinal CSF. Phase-shift images were observed as signal intensity arising from and morphologically identical to the spinal subarachnoid space but symmetrically displaced from it along the phase-encoding axis of MR images, either added to or subtracted from stationary signal intensity. These phenomena were common, occurring in most cervical and thoracic long-TR images. Both phenomena were less apparent in the lumbar region in most cases. CSF pulsation flow phenomena decreased CSF-spinal cord and CSF-thecal sac conspicuity, thereby obscuring normal and pathologic anatomy and, at times, simulating pathology. The areas of signal loss showed variable but characteristic patterns in the cervical and thoracic spine corresponding to regions of greatest flow. Signal loss in the axial plane was more pronounced when thin slices were used. Phase-shift images degraded overall image quality secondary to spatial mismapping of spinal CSF signal intensity. With the use of CSF gating, both signal loss and phase-shift images were eliminated. Understanding these features will be important in the accurate interpretation of MR spine images because analysis of CSF pulsation flow phenomena provides physiologic and pathologic information, and awareness of their existence avoids diagnostic confusion. PMID- 3495128 TI - MR imaging of the intraparotid facial nerve: normal anatomy and pathology. AB - Three normal volunteers, 58 normal patients, and three patients with parotid tumors were studied with a 0.3 T permanent-magnet imaging system to directly image the intraparotid facial nerve. On T1-weighted images the nerve appeared as a curvilinear structure of relatively low signal intensity within the fatty, high signal parotid parenchyma. Its major divisions and branches could be imaged only with specially angled axial scan planes. To verify our observations MR imaging was compared with whole-organ cryomicrotome sections cut at the same angles. Normal variations in the appearance of the nerve and pitfalls in its visualization are discussed. Three cases of parotid tumors, with surgical confirmation of the relationship of the facial nerve to the tumor, are presented. MR is the only imaging technique capable of direct imaging of the facial nerve in the parotid bed: it may assist materially in the surgical management of tumors of the parotid gland. PMID- 3495129 TI - Cine CT in obstructive sleep apnea. AB - The upper airway was evaluated in eight patients with obstructive sleep apnea by using a rapid sequential CT scanner (Imatron C-100). Four patients also had simultaneous polysomnograms to determine the onset of sleep and apnea. The upper airway was scanned while the patient was awake (eight patients), asleep (four patients), and asleep and apneic (eight patients). Measurements of the cross sectional area of the upper airway were correlated with the findings on sleep studies in four patients. During the awake state the airway was narrowed and showed increased collapsibility in all eight patients. Five of the eight patients had cross-sectional areas of less than or equal to 4 mm2 at one or more sites at some time during the respiratory cycle while awake. During apnea all patients had obstruction at the uvula and oropharynx, but the length of the obstruction varied from one patient to another. In three of the eight patients the obstruction extended inferiorly to the hypopharynx. Cine CT can be used to objectively evaluate patients with sleep apnea and may demonstrate the need to modify surgical treatment. PMID- 3495130 TI - Unilateral pulmonary edema due to postlobectomy pulmonary vein thrombosis. PMID- 3495131 TI - The current state of residency and fellowship training programs in pulmonary and cardiac radiology. PMID- 3495132 TI - Mammographic parenchymal patterns and quantitative evaluation of mammographic densities: a case-control study. AB - The classification of breast parenchymal patterns (N1, P1, P2, DY) and the percentage of the breast containing radiographic densities are two highly correlated radiographic measures proposed as predictors of the risk of breast cancer. In this case-control study, 160 cases of breast cancer and 160 matched controls from a mammography referral practice were compared to determine the risk of breast cancer associated with each of these two radiographic measures. The mammographic densities were quantified on caudal projections by means of a compensating polar planimeter. A relative risk estimate of 3.3 (p less than .05) was associated with the P2 + DY patterns compared with the N1 + P1 patterns. Significantly elevated risks of 4.3 to 5.5 also were observed among women whose breasts contained at least 25% mammographic densities, compared with women with less than 25% involvement. These radiographic measures tended to be more predictive of the risk of breast cancer in black women than in white women. Although the precise clinical roles of breast parenchymal patterns and densities have not been defined fully, the results of this study suggest that they are useful in the recognition of women at high risk of breast cancer. We make no claims that the findings of this study are sufficiently developed to be used as a basis for screening strategies. PMID- 3495133 TI - The correlation between MR and angiography in portal hypertension. AB - Forty-two MR examinations and hepatic panangiograms in 38 patients with portal hypertension were correlated with MR images to determine the ability of MR to detect portal vein hemodynamics. These studies were prospectively analyzed for degree of portal perfusion and direction of flow, portal vein thrombosis, and presence and type of shunt surgery. Thirty-three MR examinations were determined to have grade I (good) or II (fair) portal blood flow. Twenty-nine of these were grade I or II by angiography; the other four were grade IV. Of the eight cases documented as grade IV (hepatofugal portal blood flow) by angiography, none were considered grade IV by MR, suggesting that MR was unable to detect retrograde flow. The other case was not graded because of cavernous transformation of the portal vein. MR correlated well with angiography for the detection or absence of portal vein thrombus, agreeing with angiography in 41 of 42 cases. Two angiographically proven cases of portal vein thrombosis were correctly identified on MR. MR correctly identified the absence of portal vein clot in 39 of 40 angiographically negative cases. MR and angiography also agreed in 41 of 42 cases that a shunt was either present/absent or patent/occluded. The single error was due to inadequate MR scanning in the region of interest. The results show that MR cannot be used to grade blood flow in the portal vein. However, MR accurately detects portal vein thrombosis and the patency of surgical shunts. PMID- 3495134 TI - Choledocholithiasis: successful treatment with extracorporeal lithotripsy. PMID- 3495135 TI - Treatment of retained cystic duct stones using extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. PMID- 3495136 TI - Enteroenteric intussusception: CT findings in nine patients. AB - The CT scans in nine proven cases of enteroenteric intussusception were analyzed. Three different CT patterns were observed: a target lesion (n = 5), a reniform mass (n = 2), and a sausage-shaped mass with alternating layers of low and high attenuation (n = 2). Small-bowel series were available within 2-4 days of CT in eight patients and were positive in five. Surgical proof of intussusception was available in seven of the nine patients. Resected small-bowel specimens from patients with the reniform configuration revealed focal ischemic changes. Other objective parameters of ischemia such as acidosis and hyperamylasemia were also present in the two patients with reniform masses. Such changes were not evident in the other patients. This suggests that intussusceptions with reniform configurations warrant more urgent surgical attention. The varying patterns of intussusception on CT should be recognized so that appropriate management can be initiated. PMID- 3495137 TI - Decreasing numbers of gastrointestinal studies: report of data from 69 radiologic practices. AB - A survey of the members of the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists was conducted to document changes in the numbers of gastrointestinal fluoroscopic procedures performed in the United States from 1975 through 1986. Data from 69 radiologic practices indicated that the numbers declined substantially. Decreases in the numbers of upper gastrointestinal examinations, small bowel studies, and barium enemas was 24%, 17%, and 29%, respectively. The number of oral cholecystograms declined 93%. Respondents listed the advent of new techniques (sonography, CT, and MR imaging) and competition from endoscopy as the two major factors that they thought contributed to these decreases. They thought that competition from endoscopy would be the factor most likely to affect the numbers of gastrointestinal fluoroscopic procedures in the near future. PMID- 3495138 TI - CT evaluation of gracilis myocutaneous vaginal reconstruction after pelvic exenteration. AB - After pelvic exenteration for cancer, the gracilis muscles, skin, and subcutaneous fat from the inner aspect of both thighs may be raised as a pedicle flap and tunneled under the skin into the pelvic space to create a neovagina. We reviewed nine pelvic CT examinations in six patients to evaluate the CT appearance of this procedure and its complications. Five patients are alive and without complications. One patient died 6 months after surgery and had a small bowel fistula to the neovagina. Normal CT findings included air in the vaginal canal in six of nine examinations, gracilis muscle atrophy in two patients who had early and late CT studies, and early separation of the anterior and posterior approximation of the flaps in one patient. Abnormal findings were seen in two patients: one had an abscess near the vaginal apex that was drained per vagina; the other had extraluminal air in the retropubic and subcutaneous fatty tissues due to a small-bowel fistula into the vagina. PMID- 3495139 TI - Diagnosis of diseases of the supraclavicular region by use of MR imaging. PMID- 3495140 TI - Articular cartilage defects: detectability in cadaver knees with MR. AB - The capability of 1.5-T MR imaging to detect focal defects in articular cartilage was investigated with cadaveric knees with and without intraarticular injection of saline and gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Full-thickness cartilage lesions ranging in diameter from 1 to 5 mm were surgically created in the femoral articular surfaces. Images were acquired with a variety of pulse techniques, slice thicknesses, and interslice gaps as well as one or two signal excitations. Potential intraarticular contrast agents (saline and Gd-DTPA) were tested, and their signal behaviors compared with that of hyaline cartilage. All cartilage defects were occult on T1-weighted and balanced images without Gd-DTPA. The smallest defect identified by using intraarticular saline was 3 mm in diameter and was apparent only on T2-weighted images. Intraarticular Gd-DTPA afforded detection of defects as small as 2 mm, even with short imaging times. Signal intensity differences between saline and articular cartilage were minimal on T1 weighted images and increased on T2-weighted images; intensity differences were high between Gd-DTPA and articular cartilage on all imaging sequences. These results indicate that intraarticular fluid and appropriate selection of imaging sequences are necessary for delineation of focal defects in articular cartilage. They also show that Gd-DTPA is the optimal contrast agent for this purpose. PMID- 3495141 TI - Chemical-shift MR imaging of the femoral head: an in vitro study of normal hips and hips with avascular necrosis. AB - To study the conventional and chemical-shift MR images of fatty, hemopoietic, and ischemic bone marrow, four normal femurs from autopsies and six femoral heads from total hip replacement done for avascular necrosis (AVN) were imaged with a small-bore 1.4-T MR unit. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images, fat- and water selective spin-echo images, and out-of-phase images were obtained. The specimens were then sectioned, radiographed, and studied histologically. The capital epiphysis and greater trochanter in normal femurs had the highest signal on T1 weighted, fat-selective, and out-of-phase images owing to their high fat content. Fat-selective and water-selective images accurately depicted regions of fat and water, whereas T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and out-of-phase images were misleading in some cases. On T2-weighted images, a double line consisting of a rim of low signal with a high-signal inner border was noted surrounding AVN lesions. Histologic correlation showed that the low-signal outer rim was due to sclerotic bone, while the high-intensity inner border was due to granulation tissue and/or chondroid metaplasia. Fractures within the six AVN lesions were best seen on T2 weighted images, but these could not be distinguished from granulation tissue. On T2-weighted images, the weight-bearing cartilage had lower signal in five of six femoral heads with AVN. We conclude that the MR appearance of AVN reflects its complex histopathology. Direct spin-echo chemical-shift imaging can help correlate MR images with histology by providing information not available from conventional or out-of-phase images. PMID- 3495142 TI - CT and MR of the temporomandibular joint: comparison with autopsy specimens. AB - CT and MR imaging have been advocated for use in the diagnosis of disorders of the temporomandibular joint. A systematic comparison of these imaging techniques has not been made. We performed direct sagittal CT and sagittal MR on 15 fresh temporomandibular joint autopsy specimens and compared our diagnoses with cryosectional findings in a blinded fashion. We found no statistically significant differences between these procedures in detecting bony abnormalities or disk position. However, a side-by-side comparison between the CT and MR images demonstrated that MR depicted the soft-tissue anatomy of the joint with greater detail than did CT. Thus, MR clearly displayed the disk when it was positioned either superiorly or anteriorly, whereas CT only showed the disk adequately when it was positioned anteriorly. MR further showed the configuration of the disk and the borderlines between the disk and its attachments; these relationships could not be assessed from CT images. This experimental study indicates that MR is superior to CT for depiction of soft-tissue changes, whereas CT is superior in showing osseous abnormalities. Clinical confirmation of these results is necessary before one method can be definitively recommended over the other for clinical studies. PMID- 3495143 TI - Temporomandibular joint chondromatosis with intracranial extension: MR and CT contributions. PMID- 3495144 TI - Technetium-99m imaging of bone trauma: reduced sensitivity caused by hydrocortisone in rabbits. AB - This study evaluates the effect of hydrocortisone on the sensitivity of 99mTc scintigraphy for the detection of bone trauma in three groups of rabbits: a control group that received no hydrocortisone, a low-dose group that received 0.8 mg/kg/day, and a high-dose group that received 20 mg/kg/day. Scintigrams of the tibial diaphyses were obtained at 48 hr, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after surgical creation of a simulated fracture (a 1.5-mm hole in the cortex). The mean sensitivity for detecting fractures in control animals was 95% at 48 hr and 100% at all other times. Mean sensitivity for rabbits given the high dose of hydrocortisone was 41% at 48 hr. Mean sensitivity for the low-dose group was 75% at 48 hr, but this was not significantly different from the control group. Sensitivity in both groups treated with hydrocortisone improved with time. At 3 weeks, the mean was 93% in the low-dose group and 83% in the high-dose group. These data suggest that 99mTc scintigraphy may be less sensitive in detecting bone trauma in patients on glucocorticoid therapy than in patients in the general population. PMID- 3495145 TI - High-resolution CT scanning in the evaluation of cervical spine fractures: comparison with plain film examinations. AB - Forty-nine patients with cervical spine fractures were identified among 160 patients who underwent CT of the cervical spine for blunt trauma. Although there was a high index of suspicion on the plain film interpretation, as well as a large percentage of false positives, many fractures were found on CT that were not suggested, even in retrospect, on the plain radiographs. Of the 136 fractures ultimately identified in these patients, CT detected 135 (99%) while only 64 (47%) were seen or suspected on the initial screening radiographs. At first glance, this might appear to discredit the plain films as a screening device. However, most of these "occult" fractures occurred in vertebrae that had been identified as probably fractured in other parts, for example, pedicle fractures found in vertebrae initially suspected of harboring only a vertebral body fracture. Most of the remainder of the uncovered fractures were in vertebrae immediately adjacent to ones that were initially identified as fractured. Indeed, of the 49 patients with fractures, only one had an adequately exposed and positioned plain film that was completely normal. The ability of CT to determine quickly and confidently the presence or absence of cervical fractures and to define the position of fragments in relation to the spinal canal is of considerable value in the medical and nursing management of the seriously traumatized patient. For example, when a fracture is seen or suspected on conventional films, a limited CT examination of the area is recommended. Plain films should be used to guide the CT examination so that an intact vertebra above and below the lesion is included. If an adequately exposed and positioned plain film series of the cervical spine is normal, it is unlikely that CT will reveal a fracture. While conventional radiographs fail to detect a surprising number of fractures, they retain their value as a screening tool and as a guide to selective CT imaging. PMID- 3495146 TI - Bowel perforation in Hirschsprung's disease. AB - A review of the medical records of 45 infants less than 1 year old with Hirschsprung's disease identified two (4.4%) who presented with bowel perforation. A literature survey was done to evaluate the relationship between bowel perforation of the bowel early in the course of Hirschsprung's disease indicates that: the infant under 4 months old is at the greatest risk; the majority of cases (62%) were associated with long-segment or total colonic Hirschsprung's disease; the most common sites of perforation were the proximal colon (68%) and appendix (17%); in cases with a short or intermediate length of aganglionic bowel, the perforation was proximal to or at the site of transition, but in 84% of infants with total colonic aganglionosis the perforation was situated in aganglionic bowel. Hirschsprung's disease should be a prime differential consideration in a young infant with penumoperitoneum caused by distal bowel perforation. PMID- 3495147 TI - Rhabdomyolysis and renal failure in child abuse. PMID- 3495148 TI - Computed radiographic imaging: use in low-dose leg length radiography. PMID- 3495149 TI - Complications of percutaneous biliary drainage: benign vs malignant diseases. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is used to treat a variety of benign and malignant biliary diseases. Although several investigators have reported on the number of complications associated with the use of this procedure in malignant disease, none has determined specifically the number associated with its use in benign disease. Differences in the number of procedure-related complications and deaths were examined in 206 patients with benign or malignant biliary diseases who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage at the Toronto General Hospital during a 40-month period. Of these, 54 had benign and 152 had malignant biliary diseases. The prevalences of procedure-related major complications and deaths were 2% and 0%, respectively, in the benign group vs 7% and 3%, respectively, in the malignant group. These differences can be attributed to the shorter periods of drainage required and the generally better health of patients in the benign group. These findings suggest that percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage can be performed with substantially fewer complications in patients with benign biliary diseases compared to those with cancer. Previously reported data on complications were derived from patient populations with preponderantly malignant obstructions and cannot be extrapolated to patients with benign diseases. PMID- 3495150 TI - CT-guided percutaneous aspiration of septic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 3495151 TI - Physiologic changes during high field strength MR imaging. AB - High field strength MR imaging systems may require several kilowatts of RF power to obtain images. A fraction of this power is absorbed by the patient, and changes in body temperature have been measured in experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in body surface temperature and other physiologic parameters in humans during MR scanning at 1.5 T. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and axillary temperature measurements were obtained on 27 normal volunteers. Measurements were made at RF power levels of 0, 0.2, and 0.8 W/kg, with the power sequence randomized. In 14 volunteers receiving lumbar scans, statistically significant increases in temperature were observed at RF power levels of 0.2 (+0.2 +/- 0.1 degree C) and 0.8 (+0.5 +/- 0.1 degree C) W/kg. No significant changes related to RF power were observed in blood pressure or respiratory rate. At the 0.8 W/kg level there was a slight increase in heart rate (3 +/- 1.3 beats per minute). In the 13 patients receiving head scans, physiologic changes were substantially smaller. The temperature increases and other physiologic changes observed during MR scanning with the 1.5 T imager at RF powers of 0.2 and 0.8 W/kg were small and of no clinical concern. Additional studies should be performed in patients with cardiac failure, vascular occulusion, and metallic implants or prostheses. PMID- 3495152 TI - MR detection of tumor in the internal auditory canal. AB - The MR appearance of 15 tumors within or near the internal auditory canal was analyzed in detail and compared with the subsequent surgical observations. In most cases, nonenhanced MR showed the precise extent of the intracanalicular and extracanalicular tumor despite minor variations in appearance. In a case of facial nerve neurinoma, the extent to which the tumor invaded the canal was underestimated by MR. Gadolinium-DTPA enhancement is expected to eliminate uncertainties in MR imaging of the internal auditory canal. PMID- 3495153 TI - External hydrocephalus: radiologic spectrum and differentiation from cerebral atrophy. AB - External hydrocephalus (EH) is a condition in which infants with rapidly enlarging heads are found to have a CT scan that shows widening of the subarachnoid space with mild or no ventricular dilation. In this study, 74 infants with EH associated with a variety of conditions were examined clinically and with CT scans to identify the radiologic features of the condition as well as to understand its clinical and radiologic evolution. Some of these CT scans were compared with those of patients with cerebral atrophy. The characteristic CT findings in EH were bifrontal widening of the subarachnoid space and widened interhemispheric fissure frontally with only mild enlargement of the rest of the subarachnoid space. Occasional mild to moderate ventriculomegaly was also present. In most cases the radiologic findings could be distinguished from those seen in cerebral atrophy, even without the clinical history of an enlarging head. The cases of cerebral atrophy showed prominent sulci throughout without disproportionate bifrontal widening of the subarachnoid space. Two major groups of infants are identified. The largest group (47) consisted of infants with primary megaloencephaly. Megaloencephaly was idiopathic in 40 infants, many of whom (19) met the criteria for benign familial macrocephaly. Others (7) had a clearly defined genetic syndrome. The radiologic abnormalities in these infants usually disappear by 2 years of age. The other major group (14) consisted of infants who sustained CNS or systemic insults such as subdural hematomas (8) or meningitis (3), which cause impaired CSF absorption. Thirteen premature infants with EH were also identified. It is concluded that EH is an age-related self limited condition occurring in infants with open cranial sutures and that usually resolves without intervention by 2-3 years of age. PMID- 3495154 TI - Emergency trauma angiography: accuracy, safety, and pitfalls. AB - The accuracy, safety, pitfalls, and limitations of trauma angiography were determined by comparing the findings of 280 arteriograms performed for suspected arterial trauma with the patients' surgical findings and clinical courses. Trauma angiography was accurate, with a sensitivity for detecting major arterial injury of 98.3%, specificity of 98.5%, positive predictive value of 95.0%, and negative predictive value of 99.5%. Angiography was effective in eliminating the need for surgical arterial exploration in 203 cases (73%). These emergency procedures were associated with a 5% morbidity; all complications were minor. Sixteen percent of the studies were technically compromised. Common factors included poor vessel opacification with aortic contrast injection, over-penetrated films, mistimed lower extremity studies, and overlapped structures obscuring the vessels. In most cases, the field of study can be limited to a region 5 cm beyond the most distant fracture fragment, bullet fragment, and entrance or exit wound. Emergency trauma angiography is an ideal technique for evaluating injured patients with suspected arterial trauma. It is safe to perform and accurately separates patients who may be spared surgical exploration from those who require vascular intervention. PMID- 3495155 TI - Improving MR image quality in the presence of motion by using rephasing gradients. AB - Numerous techniques exist for suppressing ghosting artifacts due to respiratory motion on MR images. Although such methods can remove coherent ghosting artifacts, motion during gradient pulses also leads to poor image quality. This is due to phase variations at the echo caused by changes in velocity from one phase-encoding view to the next. The effect becomes severe for long sampling times and long TE values and can lead to low estimates of T2. We discuss general, robust modifications of the standard gradient or spin-echo sequences by using rephasing gradients that force the phase of constant-velocity moving spins to be zero at the echo. These sequences lead to a significant reduction in motion artifacts and hence improvement in image quality. They can be applied to multislice, multiecho, water/fat, and gating schemes as well. Since motion problems are universal, it would appear that these modified sequences should come into common usage for MR imaging. PMID- 3495156 TI - Perfluorochemicals as gastrointestinal contrast agents for MR imaging: preliminary studies in rats and humans. AB - The ability to distinguish bowel from other intraabdominal structures is essential for the accurate diagnosis of intraabdominal disease with MR. Because perfluorochemicals have no protons, they cause no MR signal. Since they are immiscible with water, they create a signal void in bowel independent of bowel contents and thus are suitable as oral contrast agents. Furthermore, they are tasteless and odorless and have no side effects. We evaluated the use of perfluorochemicals by performing MR scans of the abdomen in rats after the oral administration of unemulsified perfluorohexylbromide or perfluoroctylbromide. Since the latter is approved as an investigational drug for oral use in humans, two volunteers were also studied. Both compounds created signal void in the bowel of both rats and human subjects allowing identification of the gastrointestinal tract. The results suggest that these compounds have potential as oral contrast agents for MR imaging. PMID- 3495157 TI - Academic radiology: a personal reflection on past and future challenges. PMID- 3495158 TI - Likelihood ratio. PMID- 3495159 TI - The future of interventional radiology. PMID- 3495160 TI - Extreme asymmetry of a trileaflet aortic valve. PMID- 3495161 TI - CT demonstration of gastric carcinoid. PMID- 3495162 TI - Anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies and congenital heart block. PMID- 3495164 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery and coronary angiography in the United States, 1979-1983. PMID- 3495163 TI - The association between cardiovascular response tasks and future blood pressure levels in children: Bogalusa Heart Study. AB - Children were selected from a total community survey and categorized into three blood pressure (BP) groups (low less than 10 percentile, midrange 10 to 90 percentile, high greater than 90 percentile) based on resting diastolic pressure (DBP). To examine the relationship of cardiovascular reactivity with BP levels 4 years later, three cardiovascular response tasks (orthostatic, handgrip, and cold pressor) were administered. Partial correlations, adjusted for initial resting BP, showed that peak BP responses to the three tasks were related to future resting systolic and diastolic BP. Further analyses showed that DBP reactivity was related to future BP tracking in children with high DBP levels. In the high DBP group, while resting DBP levels did not differ for trackers vs nontrackers, peak DBP responses to each of the three tasks did (orthostatic, p less than 0.001; handgrip, p less than 0.05; cold pressor, p less than 0.01). The combination of resting and peak BP levels may provide more powerful predictions of future BP levels in children. PMID- 3495165 TI - Correlation of atrial fibrillation with presence or absence of mitral anular calcium in 604 persons older than 60 years. PMID- 3495166 TI - Impact of massive doses of vitamin A on nutritional blindness in Bangladesh. AB - Impact of 6-monthly massive dosings of preschool-age children with oral vitamin A (VAC: 200,000 IU of oil soluble retinyl palmitate with 40 IU vitamin E) was evaluated in Bangladesh. In 100 sites, 11,889 households were visited and eyes of 22,335 children aged 3-71 mo were examined. About half the rural target population and less than 20% urban slum population were being reached. Risk of night blindness was halved for children reportedly given VAC, although 2.5% of the reportedly protected population were still night blind. There was no significant reduction in prevalence of Bitot's spot. Risk of corneal ulcers or keratomalacia (X3A/B) was 2.7 times higher in children not given VAC. Based on reported coverage, efficacy of protection against potentially blinding corneal lesions was 63%. For maximum impact on eye lesions, massive dosing with vitamin A at ideally less than 6-monthly intervals needs to be combined with other nutrition and health interventions. PMID- 3495167 TI - Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischemic heart disease and cancer. PMID- 3495168 TI - Susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis to metronidazole, its bioactive metabolites, and tinidazole. AB - The susceptibilities of 510 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis to metronidazole, its principal oxidative metabolites, and tinidazole were determined by an agar dilution method. The hydroxy metabolite was the most active, with an MIC90 value (minimum concentration that inhibited 90% of the strains) of 1.12 mg/L (5.51 mumol/L). Tinidazole and metronidazole were somewhat less active, with MIC90s of 4.09 mg/L (23.9 mumol/L) and 4.44 mg/L (18.0 mumol/L), respectively. The acid metabolite was inactive, with an MIC90 value of 226.55 mg/L (1.22 mmol/L). These results suggest that the hydroxy metabolite of metronidazole may contribute significantly to the antimicrobial effect of the parent drug in G. vaginalis-associated infections. PMID- 3495169 TI - What we really lack here is a consensus reality. PMID- 3495170 TI - Drug-induced bleeding of gastric leiomyoma. AB - Gastrointestinal bleeding is a major sign by which smooth muscle tumors are brought to medical attention. Bleeding usually occurs from an ulceration on the mucosal surface of the tumor. Agents such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and steroids may damage the gastric mucosa, thus becoming predisposed to bleeding. Three patients presenting with ulcerated or bleeding leiomyomas while on either nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or steroid therapy are herein reported. PMID- 3495171 TI - Effects of human recombinant interleukin 2 in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a preliminary report. AB - Five patients with HBe antigen-positive chronic active hepatitis were treated with recombinant interleukin 2 (r-IL2) for 3 to 4 wk. r-IL2 inhibited HBV replication during therapy as judged by decrease of serum DNA polymerase activity. Two of five patients lost HBeAg from serum. Furthermore, characteristic increases of serum aminotransferase were observed during r-IL2 therapy. This rise might have been mediated by enhanced immune responses to hepatitis B virus and increased rate of lysis of the infected hepatocytes. No consistent changes in immune markers such as OKT4 positive cells or OKT8 positive cells were demonstrated during or after the therapy. The activities of natural killer cells gradually increased during therapy, although they tended to decrease within 1 wk after the start of r-IL2 injections. In two responders who lost HBeAg from serum, the natural killer activity was high before the therapy, compared with nonresponders. Furthermore, the percentage of OKT4-positive cells in the responders was increased within 1 to 2 wk after starting r-IL2 injections. These findings suggest that the responders might be immunologically different from the nonresponders. Recombinant-IL2 therapy over short periods did not result in complete clearance of hepatitis B virus. Further studies with high doses of r-IL2 given over longer periods are warranted. PMID- 3495172 TI - Late manifestation of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: case presentation and review. AB - Pseudoaneurysms of the hepatic artery are a rare cause for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and usually become clinically evident within 5 months from the inciting traumatic event. We report a case of recurrent massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm sustained in an automobile accident 2 yr before the first episode of bleeding. Difficulty in early diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery aneurysm remain the major reason for the associated high mortality. Angiography has proven to be the most consistent and effective method of diagnosis. Treatment is surgical. PMID- 3495173 TI - Risk factors and prevalence of HIV antibodies in homosexual men in the Netherlands. AB - As part of the prospective AIDS study in Amsterdam, blood samples were collected from 741 healthy homosexual men with multiple sexual partners, between October 1984 and May 1985. Samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). Anti-HIV was demonstrated in 233 (31%) of the respondents. Seropositive respondents engaged in anal receptive sexual techniques with more sexual partners than did seronegative respondents, whereas seronegatives engaged in manual sexual techniques with more sexual partners than did seropositives. As far as it was possible to control for the interrelations between the measured variables, a direct relation with anti-HIV was established. This leads to the conclusion that when the number of sexual partners is considered a risk factor for HIV, a clear distinction should be made between the sexual techniques practiced with these partners. Two other risk factors for the presence of anti-HIV were the use of cannabis and of nitrite. PMID- 3495174 TI - Immunological aspects of the anemia of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In order to investigate the cause of the anemia concomitant with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we examined, using the erythroid colony assay of human bone marrow colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-e) and burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-e), the effects of the patients' serum and peripheral blood T lymphocytes on the CFU-e-derived colonies. The counts of erythroid colonies of RA patients were markedly lower than those of human control subjects [CFU-e: control 152.9 +/- 30.6 (n = 19), RA 51.1 +/- 13.6 (n = 7), t = 7.66567, p less than 0.01; BFU-e: control 25.2 +/- 5.9 (n = 5), RA 12.6 +/- 2.6 (n = 7), t = 4.574, p less than 0.01]. The serum from two out of seven RA patients slightly inhibited the formation of CFU-e-derived colonies of human control subjects (t = 2.31, 0.05 less than p less than 0.1); however, the serum from the other five RA patients did not significantly inhibit human control erythroid colony formation as compared with human control serum (t = 0.981, 0.3 less than p less than 0.4). On the other hand, peripheral blood T lymphocytes of the patients markedly inhibited the formation of CFU-e-derived colonies of the control subjects as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from human control subjects (t = 4.24, p less than 0.01). The above-mentioned results suggest that the peripheral blood T lymphocytes of RA patients might play a role as one of the causes of the concomitant anemia of RA patients. PMID- 3495175 TI - Antithymocyte globulin therapy for pure white cell aplasia. AB - Severe neutropenia due to selective loss from the bone marrow of cells of the entire neutrophil maturation sequence developed in a patient with Goodpasture's Syndrome and was associated with serious infections complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Involvement of T-lymphocytes in the process affecting the neutrophil series was implicated by the relation between recovery from neutropenia and treatment with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Azathioprine and corticosteroid administration failed to sustain recovery from neutropenia induced by ATG. It is concluded that ATG can provide a nonmyelotoxic form of therapy for pure white cell aplasia whose effectiveness is independent of responsiveness to other immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 3495176 TI - Refractory aplastic anemia: concomitant therapy with antithymocyte globulin and high-dose corticosteroids. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is possible for only a minority of patients with severe aplastic anemia. There has been successful treatment in some patients with immunosuppressive agents: high-dose 6-methylprednisolone, antilymphocyte globulin, and antithymocyte globulin. We report the successful treatment of two patients with severe aplastic anemia with the simultaneous administration of antithymocyte globulin and high-dose 6-methylprednisolone after failure with antithymocyte globulin and low-dose corticosteroids. PMID- 3495178 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3495177 TI - Does the PI polymorphism alone control alpha-1-antitrypsin expression? AB - Whether genetic factors other than the protease-inhibitor (PI) polymorphism itself contribute to variation in alpha-1-antitrypsin is of both theoretical and practical interest. We have measured the quantity of alpha-1-antitrypsin (by an immunoturbidometric assay) and its activity (by assaying elastase inhibitory capacity [EIC]) in 583 individuals from 114 twin kinships who were also typed for PI by isoelectric focusing. Models of variation were fitted directly to the raw observations by a maximum-likelihood method. Specification of phenotypic means led to highly significant improvements in fit over models including only individual environment variance and additive genetic variance. The 29 phenotype means could also be described as the appropriate additive combinations of the 12 allelic effects. Only small improvements in fit could then be obtained by addition of polygenic components of variance. We conclude that nearly all genetic variation in alpha-1-antitrypsin quantity and activity can be explained by detectable variation at the PI locus and that this variance is largely additive. Bivariate analysis of alpha-1-antitrypsin and EIC revealed marginal evidence for differences in specific activities of molecules coded by different PI alleles. The correlation between environmental deviations for the two measures was only .63, which may reflect, in part, the rather low reliability of the assays and account for the modest heritabilities (less than .5) of the two measures. An intriguing finding was the presence of significant differences in E1 variance for different PI types, suggesting that different phenotypes have differing capacities to react to environmental challenges. PMID- 3495179 TI - Human corpus luteum: presence of epidermal growth factor receptors and binding characteristics. AB - Epidermal growth factor receptors are present in many reproductive tissues but have not been demonstrated in the human corpus luteum. To determine the presence of epidermal growth factor receptors and its binding characteristics, we carried out studies on the plasma cell membrane fraction of seven human corpora lutea (days 16 to 25) of the menstrual cycle. Specific epidermal growth factor receptors were present in human corpus luteum. Insulin, nerve growth factor, and human chorionic gonadotropin did not competitively displace epidermal growth factor binding. The optimal conditions for corpus luteum-epidermal growth factor receptor binding were found to be incubation for 2 hours at 4 degrees C with 500 micrograms plasma membrane protein and 140 femtomol 125I-epidermal growth factor per incubate. The number (mean +/- SEM) of epidermal growth factor binding sites was 12.34 +/- 2.99 X 10(-19) mol/micrograms protein; the dissociation constant was 2.26 +/- 0.56 X 10(-9) mol/L; the association constant was 0.59 +/- 0.12 X 10(9) L/mol. In two regressing corpora lutea obtained on days 2 and 3 of the menstrual cycle, there was no detectable specific epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity. Similarly no epidermal growth factor receptor binding activity could be detected in ovarian stromal tissue. Our findings demonstrate that specific receptors for epidermal growth factor are present in the human corpus luteum. The physiologic significance of epidermal growth factor receptors in human corpus luteum is unknown, but epidermal growth factor may be involved in intragonadal regulation of luteal function. PMID- 3495180 TI - Determination of estrogen and androgen receptors in Trichomonas vaginalis and the effects of antihormones. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis, a common genital pathogen, was found to possess both specific estrogen and specific androgen receptors. These 4.3 S macromolecules were proteinaceous in nature. Both metronidazole-resistant and metronidazole sensitive strains possessed both types of sex hormone-binding proteins. The estrogen receptor binding was competitively inhibited by the antiestrogen tamoxifen citrate, and the androgen binding was competitively inhibited by the antiandrogen cyoctol. The presence of these specific receptors may allow the use of hormonal and antihormonal manipulation in the treatment of infections caused by these organisms. PMID- 3495181 TI - Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a risk factor for the development of abruptio placentae. AB - A retrospective study of 298 patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes managed expectantly during a 3-year period investigated the association between preterm premature rupture of the membranes and abruptio placentae. Expectant management was associated with the development of abruptio placentae in 19 of these 298 patients (6.3%). The prevalence of abruptio placentae in the entire population during the same 3-year period was 2.7%, whereas in patients without preterm premature rupture of the membranes it was 2%. None of the patients developed clinical or laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and no infection (maternal or neonatal) was noted among the patients who had abruptio placentae. Patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes and severe oligohydramnios (largest pocket less than 1 cm) seem to be at particular risk for developing this complication. These data suggest that abruptio placentae should be considered as one of the possible risks of expectant management in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. PMID- 3495182 TI - Treatment of neurotrophic ulcers with conjunctival flaps. PMID- 3495183 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis after pneumatic retinopexy. PMID- 3495184 TI - Yersinia pestis endophthalmitis. PMID- 3495185 TI - Histopathologic changes induced by vaccination in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis of BALB/c mice. AB - Highly susceptible BALB/c mice became partially resistant to Leishmania mexicana amazonensis infection after intravenous immunization with solubilized homologous promastigote antigen. Immunized BALB/c mice exhibited mixed mononuclear cell reactions, with granulomatous inflammation, collagen deposition, and fibrinoid necrosis at the site of infection. In contrast, naive animals displayed a monomorphic picture composed of largely vacuolated and parasitized macrophages with areas of coagulative necrosis. Electron microscopy revealed an increased number of eosinophils, sometimes in close contact with parasitized macrophages, in immunized animals. These findings illustrate that histologic changes reflect host immune status in cutaneous leishmaniasis, and that susceptibility of BALB/c mice to L m amazonensis, although dependent on genetic background, can be artificially modified. PMID- 3495186 TI - Calmodulin antagonists inhibit latch bridges in detergent skinned swine carotid media. AB - Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of the 20,000 apparent molecular weight (Mr) myosin light chain (MLC) is widely believed to be the primary regulator of smooth muscle stress development. Stress maintenance, however, has been hypothesized to be the result of a Ca2+-dependent state called latch, defined as stress maintenance by slowly cycling, dephosphorylated latch bridges. This study was designed to examine the role of calmodulin in the Ca2+ dependence of latch. Swine carotid medial fibers were detergent skinned with Triton X-100 and MLC phosphorylation levels were measured by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Experiments were performed in which calmodulin antagonists, W-7 or trifluoperazine (TFP), were used to prevent Ca2+-dependent contractions or to relax previously contracted muscle strips. Both protocols resulted in similar decreases in stress with MLC phosphorylation levels correlating to the level of stress under all conditions. In another series of experiments, the skinned fibers were first contracted with Ca2+ and ATP and then exposed to Ca2+ and cytidine 5' triphosphate (CTP). This resulted in stress maintenance with basal levels of MLC phosphorylation. W-7 relaxed Ca2+ and CTP maintained stress in a concentration dependent manner. The potency of W-7 for relaxation of the CTP maintained stress was similar to that for inhibition of the ATP developed stress determined in the first set of experiments. The results demonstrate that calmodulin antagonists inhibit stress associated with MLC phosphorylation and also stress independent of MLC phosphorylation. This suggests that a calmodulin-like, Ca2+-binding protein may be important for latch bridge attachment. PMID- 3495187 TI - Psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents. AB - The prevalence of psychiatric disorders diagnosed according to DSM-III in adolescents in the general population is not known. The authors address this issue in a community sample of 150 adolescents 14-16 years of age. Structured interviews as well as other instruments were used to collect data. Twenty-eight (18.7%) of the 150 adolescents were identified as having a psychiatric disorder. These 28 adolescents viewed their parents as less caring, had lower self-esteem, and resolved their conflicts through verbal aggression and physical violence more often than did the adolescents who did not have a psychiatric disorder. The authors make recommendations regarding the use of structured interviews in future research. PMID- 3495188 TI - CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients and normal control subjects. AB - The authors studied CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and plasma cortisol in 22 depressed patients and 18 normal control subjects. CRH levels were similar in the two groups. Depressed patients who were nonsuppressors on the dexamethasone suppression test had significantly higher levels of CRH than suppressors did. The depressed patients' CRH levels were significantly correlated with 4:00 p.m. postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels. While the inclusion of a depressed patient with an outlier CRH value resulted in the loss of statistical significance for both of these findings, the authors suggest that these results support the hypothesis that hypercortisolism in depressed patients in part reflects a defect at or above the hypothalamus, resulting in hypersecretion of CRH. PMID- 3495189 TI - Daily air pollution effects on children's respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow. AB - To identify acute respiratory health effects associated with air pollution due to coal combustion, a subgroup of elementary school-aged children was selected from a large cross-sectional study and followed daily for eight months. Children were selected to obtain three equal-sized groups: one without respiratory symptoms, one with symptoms of persistent wheeze, and one with cough or phlegm production but without persistent wheeze. Parents completed a daily diary of symptoms from which illness constellations of upper respiratory illness (URI) and lower respiratory illness (LRI) and the symptom of wheeze were derived. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured daily for nine consecutive weeks during the eight month study period. Maximum hourly concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and coefficient of haze for each 24-hour period, as well as minimum hourly temperature, were correlated with daily URI, LRI, wheeze, and PEFR using multiple regression models adjusting for illness occurrence or level of PEFR on the immediately preceding day. Respiratory illness on the preceding day was the most important predictor of current illness. A drop in temperature was associated with increased URI and LRI but not with increased wheeze or with a decrease in level of PEFR. No air pollutant was strongly associated with respiratory illness or with level of PEFR, either in the group of children as a whole, or in either of the symptomatic subgroups; the pollutant concentrations observed, however, were uniformly lower than current ambient air quality standards. Moreover, since exposure estimation based on monitoring of ambient air likely results in misclassification of the true exposure, the negative findings of this study must be interpreted cautiously. PMID- 3495190 TI - Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: diagnosis and response to therapy. AB - Although Toxoplasma gondii is the most commonly recognized cause of central nervous system mass lesions in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, published investigations have provided little information about criteria for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis or the response to therapy. In this series the method of diagnosis and response to therapy were assessed in 14 patients who had evidence for toxoplasmosis based on routine histopathology, immunoperoxidase staining, or mouse inoculation. These patients presented with clinical and radiologic findings that did not clearly distinguish them from patients with other infectious or neoplastic processes. Excisional biopsies usually showed tachyzoites on routine histology, but needle biopsies were usually negative unless mouse inoculation or immunoperoxidase staining was employed. Response to pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine therapy was often prompt, but therapy had to be continued for long periods of time to maintain a clinical response, and no alternative regimen of one or more drugs appeared to be effective in patients unable to tolerate both pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. PMID- 3495191 TI - Clinical spectrum of patients with infrarenal aortic grafts and gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Nineteen patients with a prosthetic infrarenal aortic graft and gastrointestinal bleeding were managed over a 7 year period. Graft-to-enteric fistula, identified in five patients, was the most common cause of bleeding. Other causes included bowel ischemia (four patients) and peptic ulcer disease (three patients). Clinical signs of infection, such as fever and leukocytosis, were common in patients with graft-to-enteric fistula and bowel ischemia. Most of these patients will benefit from a prompt evaluation and expedient operation. PMID- 3495192 TI - Rationale of rehabilitation treatment for vertigo. AB - Rehabilitation treatment is based on experimental data concerning compensation and adaptation in peripheral vestibular lesions. Patients with a steady state of peripheral vestibular dysfunction are candidates for rehabilitation therapy. Provoked (positioning) vertigo resulting from such lesions is treated by individually selected exercises (vestibular habituation training). Functional evaluation is indispensable for patient selection. In accordance with experimental data, the exercises are selected individually by testing patients with a vestibular habituation training test battery. The favorable effect of vestibular habituation treatment is suggested by comparison with drug and sham treatments in similar cases. PMID- 3495193 TI - [Indices of the pituitary-adrenal system and cellular immunity responses in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by late toxemia]. PMID- 3495194 TI - [Haemoseparation in heart surgery]. AB - The Haemonetics Cell-Saver, a device developed for the recovery of autologous blood, was evaluated at our department, the major areas of concern being: quantity of blood salvaged, reduction in blood bank usage and possible monetary saving. In addition, various coagulation analyses were performed at frequent intervals. This study consisted of 292 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, who were randomly divided into two groups: 148 patients (group I) receiving autotransfusion (immediate centrifugation of oxygenator content after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass) were compared to 144 patients without autologous transfusion (group II). In the group of autotransfused patients, a mean of 2.27 units of bank blood were used throughout their entire hospital stay, as compared to 6.12 units of homologous blood in the other group (II) without autotransfusion. There were no significant differences between the two groups in respect of laboratory parameters and clinical course during the perioperative period. The data presented indicate a significant reduction in bank blood usage, thus protecting the patients from various hazards accompanying homologous blood transfusion (hepatitis, AIDS). Since the cost of Haemonetics software is recovered by 1.25 units of bank blood, a cost reduction of about US $135.-was achieved. PMID- 3495195 TI - Relative potency of propofol and thiopentone. PMID- 3495196 TI - [Fundamental concepts in data documentation of anesthesia]. AB - The record of anesthesia is used for different clinical purposes, most importantly for the control of patient care. Thinking about the minimum contents of an anesthesia record we think that the choice of the minimum contents means a first valuation. The minimum content of the documentation, despite its role as a piece of evidence, is the information that doctors require during treatment. Therefore, the principal content of the documentation may include more than the specialist medical considerations. A precise anesthetic protocol must be kept for every patient, and is an essential part of the responsibilities of a clinical anesthesist. PMID- 3495197 TI - [Modification of intracranial pressure by propofol (Disoprivan). Initial results]. AB - The effects of propofol on intracranial pressure (ICP) were studied in seven patients with isolated intracerebral injuries. All patients had lost consciousness and were intubated and ventilated. On the basis of computed tomography (CT) of the brain, it was decided whether an implantation for epidural pressure monitoring was indicated. Implantation of the pressure transducer was followed by measurements of epidural pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood gas analysis. Propofol 1 mg/kg body weight was administered and all parameters measured again 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after dosing. The CT showed contusion bleeding and narrowed complemental space in all patients. The individual intracranial pressure profiles are shown in Fig. 1. Except for one patient who showed an extremely unstable and excessively high ICP even during subsequent thiopental treatment, no increase was observed after propofol. The cerebral perfusion pressure showed no relevant changes, nor did blood pressure or heart rate. It can be concluded from this study that propofol (ICI-Pharma) causes no ICP increase in patients with elevated ICP and may be used in these cases as an induction hypnotic. PMID- 3495198 TI - [Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a rare complication of stomach catheterization]. AB - An episode of acute gastrointestinal bleeding following the insertion of a feeding tube is reported. The various possible complications of feeding tube insertion and the prevention of such complications are discussed. PMID- 3495199 TI - Purification of immunotoxins containing ricin A-chain and abrin A-chain using blue sepharose CL-6B. AB - We describe a method for separating antibody from immunotoxins by affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue F3GA coupled to Sepharose (Blue Sepharose). The antibody did not bind to the gel. The immunotoxins were bound by their ricin A chain or abrin A-chain moiety and could be recovered in high yield and purity using mild elution conditions. The method is suitable for the large-scale purification of immunotoxins. PMID- 3495200 TI - Synthesis of 25-hydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D2, 1,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D2 and their (24R)-epimers. AB - Synthesis of a C-24-epimeric mixture of 25-hydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D2 and a C 24-epimeric mixture of 1,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D2 by the Grignard reaction of the corresponding 25-keto-27-nor-vitamin D2 and 1 alpha-acetoxy-25 keto-27-nor-vitamin D3 with tritiated methyl magnesium bromide is described. Separation of epimers by high-performance liquid chromatography afforded pure radiolabeled vitamins of high specific activity (80 Ci/mmol). The identities and radiochemical purities of 25-hydroxy-[26,27-3H[vitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxy [26,27-3H]vitamin D2 D2 were established by cochromatography with synthetic 25 hydroxyvitamin D2 or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biological activity of 25-hydroxy [26,27-3H]vitamin D2 was demonstrated by its binding to the rat plasma binding protein for vitamin D compounds, and by its in vitro conversion to 1,25-dihydroxy [26,27-3H]vitamin D2 by kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-deficient chickens. The biological activity of 1,25-dihydroxy-[26,27-3H]vitamin D2 was demonstrated by its binding to the chick intestinal receptor for 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 3495201 TI - Comparison of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus gag precursor and gag/env fusion proteins and a synthetic env peptide as diagnostic reagents. AB - Diagnostic reagents for detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure with improved reliability may be provided by viral encoded proteins produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by synthetic peptides corresponding to appropriate viral epitopes. We have expressed at high levels in E. coli a gag gene segment corresponding to approximately 97% of the p55 gag precursor protein, as well as a novel gag/env fusion protein that contains antigenic determinants in common with gag p24, env gp41, and env gp120. The gag and gag/env proteins were purified from insoluble inclusion bodies by sequential extraction with increasing concentrations of urea. These components were tested for reactivity with antisera to HIV proteins and peptides. We have also chemically synthesized a peptide corresponding to env residues 578-608, representing a portion of env gp41. The final preparation of gag and gag/env proteins in 8 M urea reacted with sheep anti HTLV-III p24 gag antibodies and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient sera. The gag/env fusion protein also reacted with rabbit anti-HIV env 500-511 peptide antibody. Both recombinant proteins and the env peptide were suitable as reagents for evaluation of serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results of ELISA assays utilizing the recombinant viral proteins and synthetic peptide were in good agreement with results obtained using disrupted virus as antigen in ELISA assays and immunoblotting. PMID- 3495202 TI - Use of p-aminobenzoic acid and tritiated cyanoborohydride for the detection of pyruvoyl residues in proteins. AB - A procedure for the detection of covalently bound pyruvic acid in purified proteins or in crude extracts is described. The dialyzed sample is first treated with sodium cyanoborohydride to reduce any Schiff bases present and then incubated with p-aminobenzoic acid and sodium [3H]cyanoborohydride. Derivatized proteins are visualized by fluorography following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel slices containing the labeled proteins are hydrolyzed, and, after removal of polyacrylic acid, the hydrolysate is subjected to ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of pyruvic acid is established by the detection of a tritiated, 280-nm absorbing compound with a retention time corresponding to that of synthetic N-(p carboxyphenyl)alanine. The procedure is capable of detecting protein-bound pyruvic acid in the picomolar range and is easily modified to screen for other covalently bound keto acids. PMID- 3495203 TI - Effect of the presence of a reversible inhibitor on the time course of slow binding inhibition. AB - The half-time for the initial burst seen when a slow-binding inhibitor is present in an enzyme assay decreases from 0.693/k4 to 0.693/(k3 + k4) as the concentration of the slow-binding inhibitor is increased from zero to infinity (k3 and k4 are forward and reverse rate constants for the isomerization causing the slow-binding behavior). If the inhibitor solution contains a classical reversible inhibitor in addition to the slow-binding one, the half-time decreases from the same limit at zero inhibitor to a level which is higher at infinite inhibitor concentration (k3 is divided by (1 + xKi/Kj), where x is the ratio of classical and slow-binding inhibitor concentrations, and Ki and Kj are their initial inhibition constants before the slow-binding phase). Thus if one is using a racemic inhibitor, both enantiomers of which inhibit initially but only one of which shows slow-binding behavior, one will not obtain the correct parameters for the pure slow-binding inhibitor. A similar situation would apply if one were using a mixture of inhibitors such as antibiotics, several of which inhibit initially, but only one of which is a slow-binding inhibitor. This theory is illustrated by determining the half-times for the slow-binding inhibition of yeast hexokinase by various levels of TmATP in the presence and absence of HoATP, which shows little slow-binding behavior. PMID- 3495204 TI - Metamorphic changes within the lateral-line system of Anura. AB - The metamorphic loss of lateral-line organs, lateral-line nerves and second order lateral-line neurons was examined in two Anuran species. At the onset of metamorphic climax, terminals within the lateral-line neuropil showed accumulation of glycogen-like granules. Neither the lateral-line nerve nor the organs or the nerve terminals inside the organs displayed any sign of degeneration at this stage. A few second order neurons exhibited accumulations of chromatin into conspicuous masses. These cells were partially or completely engulfed by phagocytes. At mid-metamorphosis all lateral-line organs were lost. The proximal parts of the lateral-line nerve fibers entering the rhombencephalic alar plate showed signs of degeneration. Within the lateral-line neuropil, pre- and some postsynaptic elements exhibited the flocculent type of degeneration or, to a lesser extent, the dark type of degeneration. Second order lateral-line neurons underwent an electron-dense or electron-lucent type of degeneration and were taken up by phagocytes. At the end of metamorphic climax the distal parts of the lateral-line nerves showed numerous dark degenerating fibers inside an intact myelin sheath. Within the lateral-line neuropil, numerous dark degenerating presynaptic elements were found next to some elements showing flocculent degeneration. Fewer degenerating second order neurons were found in the alar plate. They showed predominantly the dark type of degeneration. In contrast to earlier reports, our data suggest that the degenerative metamorphic changes observed in the present study are initiated in all parts of the lateral-line system simultaneously, and lead to the complete loss of all lateral-line organs and nerves and presumably all second order lateral-line neurons as well. PMID- 3495205 TI - The influence of vasovasostomy on testicular alterations after vasectomy in Lewis rats. AB - The occurrence of alterations in testicular weight and morphology after vasectomy and vasectomy reversal by vasovasostomy was studied in Lewis rats. Animals were studied 3, 4, and 7 months after bilateral vasectomy or a vasectomy followed 3 months later by vasovasostomy. Other rats served as sham-operated controls. The weights of the testes in vasectomy and vasovasostomy animals fell into two groups small testes weighing less than 0.88 g and normal-sized testes of 1.2 g or more. When the extent of testicular alterations was estimated in sections for light microscopy by use of a semiquantitative testicular biopsy score count (TBSC), the morphology of the testes corresponded closely to the testis weight (r = .94), small testes having correspondingly low TBSC scores. In severely altered small testes, the seminiferous tubules were narrower than in sham-operated rats, and numbers of germ cells were greatly depleted. Many tubules contained only Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, although spermatocytes were present in a minority of tubules. A few seminiferous tubules contained multinucleate spermatids. Electron microscopy of severely altered tubules revealed closely apposed processes of Sertoli cells, which contained filaments, microtubules, and endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, testes with normal weight in vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups resembled those of the sham-operated animals. Comparison of distributions of testicular biopsy score counts demonstrated differences between vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups as time after operation increased. At the 3-4-month intervals, approximately one-third of the testes were severely altered in both vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495206 TI - Morphology of ventral epidermis of Rana catesbeiana during metamorphosis. AB - A detailed morphological examination of the bullfrog tadpole ventral epidermis and changes in structure that occur during metamorphosis has not been done. Knowledge of this is crucial to interpretation of physiological studies such as those dealing with development of transepithelial Na+ transport. Examination of tadpole epidermis with light microscopy reveals the presence of three different cell types: apical, basal, and skein. This epidermal morphology is constant until Taylor and Kollros (Anat. Rec. 94:7-23, 1946) stage 19 when degeneration of apical cells is noted. Stages 20 and 21 are characterized by rapid proliferation of basal cells and development of a true stratum germinativum together with the disappearance of other tadpole cell types. By stage 22, epidermal morphology is similar to that of the adult frog. Studies with the electron microscope reveal that as the proliferation proceeds during metamorphosis, the skein cells, at stage 20, differentiate to form the apical border of the skin. The development of the adult frog cell phenotype appears to mimic the cellular differentiation that occurs in the adult epidermis with the cells first developing into progranular cells in the intermediate stratum of the skin and then progressing to granular cells in the outermost living cell layer. The granular cells then undergo cornification to form the stratum corneum. Mitochondria rich cells are not seen in the developing epidermis until stage 21. These observations, when considered with previous results from Na+ transport studies (Hillyard et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta 692:455-461, 1982), suggest that both the physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation are simultaneous events. PMID- 3495207 TI - Verapamil pretreatment before aortic cross-clamping in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. AB - In 12 of 22 patients with coronary artery disease undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), verapamil (0.075 mg/kg body weight) pretreatment was given on initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) before aortic cross-clamping (ACC), whereas no verapamil was used in 10 control patients. The volume of cardioplegia solution required to achieve and maintain cardiac asystole during ACC while on CPB was not significantly different in the two groups. After the release of ACC, the energy of direct current countershock required for defibrillation, the incidence of heart block, and the need for pacemaker were not significantly different. However, defibrillation was more readily achieved by a single countershock in the verapamil group than in the control group. Also, the incidence of ST segment changes after defibrillation was significantly lower in the verapamil group, suggesting that verapamil pretreatment before ACC may potentiate the myocardial preservation achieved by the cardioplegia, and hence may decrease the incidence of ischemic changes during the critical reperfusion period. PMID- 3495208 TI - C5a and thromboxane generation associated with pulmonary vaso- and broncho constriction during protamine reversal of heparin. AB - The authors conducted a study in humans to determine the mediators associated with acute pulmonary vaso- and broncho-constriction occurring episodically with protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation. Of 48 adult patients investigated prospectively after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, two presented a sudden increase of airway pressure, acute pulmonary hypertension, and systemic hypotension 1-3 min after right atrial protamine injection. In these two subjects, plasma levels of C5a increased from 0.7 and 2.2 to 9.8 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively, and thromboxane B2 increased from 0.26 and 0.34 to 7.5 and 16.2 ng/ml 1 minute after drug injection. A third subject not identified prospectively had an identical reaction and mediator profile (C5a, 10.2 ng/ml; TxB2, 18.6 ng/ml at 1 min). The plasma levels of these mediators were unchanged in the remaining patients (C5a, 0.7 +/- 1.1 [x +/- S.D.] to 0.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; TxB2, 0.16 +/- 0.12 to 0.15 +/- 0.07 ng/ml). Plasma histamine was not involved in this type of reaction, but increased from 0.7-10.4 ng/ml in a fourth patient who became hypotensive without acute pulmonary hypertension, bronchoconstriction, or elevation of C5a or TxB2. The authors' data indicate that the generation of high plasma levels of C5a anaphylatoxins and thromboxane is associated with pulmonary vaso- and broncho-constriction induced by protamine reversal of heparin in humans. PMID- 3495209 TI - [Use of a continuous infusion of propofol in maintaining anesthesia]. AB - This open, non comparative study was designed to establish a suitable dose regime for propofol when used as the main anaesthetic agent and given as a continuous infusion. Thirty patients (ASA I and II) were studied; five received muscle relaxants and were excluded from the analysis of maintenance and recovery. Immediately after an i.v. bolus dose of fentanyl (2 micrograms X kg-1), anaesthesia was induced in all patients with a mean dose of 2.03 mg X kg-1 propofol. Apnoea at induction was seen in 14 patients, with a mean duration of 151 s (range: 20 to 360 s). Mean, systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and heart rate decreased slightly but statistically significantly following induction. Fourteen patients, four of whom received propofol into a vein of the hand, noted pain on the injection site without venous sequelae immediately nor 24 h after anaesthesia. The mean duration of anaesthesia from induction to the patient ability to obey a simple command was approximately 40 min (range: 10 to 95 min). The mean infusion rate of propofol during maintenance was 0.86 +/- 0.04 mg X kg-1 X min-1. During maintenance, a satisfactory depth of anaesthesia was achieved in 23 patients without any further bolus injection of propofol. The mean time from stopping the infusion to eye opening on verbal command was 6.2 min, whilst that for orientation was 8.4 min. The anaesthesist assessed the quality of recovery as good or adequate in all the patients, who all were satisfied by the anaesthesia. No major adverse reactions occurred during or after anaesthesia and the incidence of minor side-effects was low. PMID- 3495210 TI - Specific occupational satisfaction and stresses that differentiate paid and volunteer EMTs. AB - A survey completed by 265 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who provide emergency prehospital care in a rural area included a stress inventory for health professionals and a job satisfaction scale. Logistic regression indicated that the 118 paid EMTs were more likely to be dissatisfied with the freedom they have on the job than were the 147 volunteer EMTs. Paid EMTs also are less likely to be satisfied with the recognition they receive and more likely to cite work interference with family life and perceptions that others are trying to take advantage of them as sources of stress. Volunteer EMTs are more likely to be dissatisfied with the way their days off work are scheduled and to report stress attributable to work responsibilities different from those they had anticipated. Additional information about the demographic characteristics of EMTs from a rural area is provided. PMID- 3495211 TI - Increased interleukin-1 production and monocyte suppressor cell activity associated with human tuberculosis. PMID- 3495212 TI - [Digestive leiomyomas in childhood]. AB - Leiomyoma is a very rare tumor, originating in smooth muscle. During the last 18 year authors treated four of them from 159 digestive tumors. This were located in jejunoileal bowel with occlusion in two cases and bleeding problems in the other two. PMID- 3495213 TI - Effects of interleukin-2 on renal function in patients receiving immunotherapy for advanced cancer. AB - Adoptive transfer of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells in conjunction with recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with advanced cancer has produced significant regression of metastatic disease in selected patients. We analyzed the effects of interleukin-2 regimens on renal function in 99 consecutive patients. Interleukin-2 therapy with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells was associated with varying degrees of hypotension, fluid retention, azotemia, oliguria, and low fractional sodium excretion. After the patients completed the interleukin-2 regimens, their renal function improved promptly. Renal function values returned to baseline levels within 7 days in 62% of patients, within 14 days in 84%, and within 30 days in 95%. Pretherapy serum creatinine values above 1.4 mg/dL predicted the severity of azotemia and prolonged duration of renal functional recovery, interleukin-2 therapeutic regimens induce prerenal azotemia. Careful selection of patients and early detection of adverse physiologic changes may alleviate the side effects of interleukin-2 therapy. PMID- 3495214 TI - Wegener granulomatosis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Complete remission after a twenty-year course. AB - Wegener granulomatosis was diagnosed in a 42-year-old woman in 1965. Although a regimen of azathioprine and prednisone was helpful, the disease progressed. Cyclophosphamide was added to this regimen in 1969. On three separate occasions her disease relapsed when cyclophosphamide therapy was discontinued. In 1984, she developed cyclophosphamide-resistant disease and drug toxicity. We were able to discontinue cyclophosphamide therapy after a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole regimen that was begun in February 1985 led to rapid improvement, a fall in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a complete remission. Her 22-year survival is the longest one reported. Because patients with Wegener granulomatosis sometimes respond to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, this therapy deserves careful study and implies that Wegener granulomatosis is an as yet unidentified infection. PMID- 3495215 TI - [Psychopathology and maternity]. AB - Thirty-one mothers hospitalised in a psychiatric institution were investigated to study the image and investment of their motherhood. The mothers have been divided in three groups, psychotic, borderline and neurotic. The image as well as the investment of motherhood are most positive in the group of neurotic mothers, whereas borderline mothers experience their motherhood most negatively. Several hypothesis have been brought forward in order to explain these results, referring more particularly to the structure of the personality of the borderline mother. Finally, these findings accentuate the importance of a pluri-disciplinary approach (psychiatrist, gynecologist, pediatrician) to prevent the adverse consequences of the mother's psychiatric disorders in the child. PMID- 3495217 TI - [Multifocal tuberculosis in children. Subtalar, pulmonary-lymph node and ocular involvement. Apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 3495216 TI - [Weight, height, and head circumference of the newborn infants of Haute Normandie. An 8-year study]. PMID- 3495218 TI - [Vanadic oxidation of khellin. Study of its reactional mechanism]. PMID- 3495219 TI - Peritoneo-venous shunting and endoscopic sclerotherapy in patients with portal hypertension. AB - Denver type peritoneo-venous (PV) shunting for intractable ascites was performed in 16 patients also treated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (ST) for variceal haemorrhage. Indications, timing and results of shunt insertion are detailed and discussed. Serial ST for eradication of varices could be completed in 10 patients a median of 7 months before PV shunting. The postoperative risk of bleeding was increased four times, i.e. the number of GI bleedings per month of follow-up, was 0.05 and 0.21 (p less than 0.05) respectively, before and after shunt operation. Two patients experienced their first variceal bleeding and 6 patients rebled during a median follow-up of 3 months after PV shunting. The Denver shunt succeeded in resolving ascites clinically in 13 patients within 7 days with a median decrease in weight of 10 kg, parallel to increased urinary output and reduced serum-creatinine. Three patients did not benefit from the shunt procedure due to terminal neoplastic disease (one patient), and severe hepatorenal failure, although the shunts were proven patent. Serious complications included clinically important consumptive coagulopathy, DIC syndrome (two patients), myocardial infarction (one), pulmonary embolism (three), and sepsis following intervention of obstruction (one). PMID- 3495220 TI - On a prezygotic origin of normal/balanced translocation mosaics. AB - Based on a theoretical model for the production of some structural mosaicisms, the authors propose a mechanism for the origin of normal/balanced translocation mosaics. Single strand breaks and nonhomologous hemichromatid joining are implicated and, when applied to homologous chromosomes, could explain some instances of nondisjunction independent of centromere function. PMID- 3495221 TI - Centric fission consequences in man. AB - The authors summarise the consequences of centric fission in man as follows: classical (monocentric) isochromosomes; usually either for p or q, exceptionally for both arms; stable telocentrics for either one or both arms; isochromosome for one arm, stable telocentric for the other; isochromosome for one arm concurring with translocation of the telocentric for the other; telocentric/isochromosome mosaicism for the same arm; stable telocentric for a part of one arm, the remaining of the chromosome forming a smaller element (obviously this rearrangement requires an additional break outside the centromere), and whole-arm translocations. These events are discussed in the light of current notions about centromere structure and function. PMID- 3495222 TI - Rearrangement of chromosome 21 in Alzheimer's disease. AB - We have analyzed the DNA from four patients suffering from a dementia of the Alzheimer type and of four controls of identical age. Estimates of the copy numbers of two genes located on chromosome 21, SOD1 and ETS2, gave the following results: in all the cases there was duplication of ETS2 whereas SOD1 was normal. These preliminary results indicate that the segment of chromosome 21(q21--- q22.1) is rearranged in all the four patients who were investigated. PMID- 3495224 TI - On the chromosomes of the okapi. Okapia johnstoni. AB - The cytogenetic study of the okapi shows 2n = 46 and 2n = 45 respectively. The reduction form 46 to 45 is the result of a Robertsonian translocation between autosome 8 and 21. X-chromosomes in the female are identified applying BrdU-dye technique. PMID- 3495223 TI - [Cooperation between two antiparallel peptide chains covering the major groove of DNA. Molecular model of a poly-lysine/poly-AT complex]. AB - Two antiparallel polypeptide chains oriented 5' to 3' can be adapted upon the central pillar of the major groove of a poly-A, poly-T/DNA. Lysine residues with their epsilon-NH2 fixed on the phosphates can cover the major groove entirely. This model is in accordance with all known properties of poly-lysine/poly-AT complexes. A generalization of this antiparallel disposition would be a U-turn of a single peptide chain, producing a "finger" that can recognize the base-sequence of the major groove. PMID- 3495225 TI - A mouse-human hybrid cell panel for mapping human chromosome 16. AB - A mouse-human hybrid cell panel for human chromosome 16 was constructed from human cell lines with breakpoints on chromosome 16 at p13.11, q13, q22 and q24. Fusions with the human fibroblast line GM3884, t(X;16)(q26;q24) allowed the isolation of clones with either the derivative X or the derivative 16 as the only human chromosome. This was a consequence of both the genes APRT and HPRT being involved in the translocation. The breakpoints of the line GM3884 were confirmed by aphidicolin induction of the common fragile site at 16q23. The results of the fusions with this line suggest a localisation of the APRT gene at 16q24 and confirm the localisation of HPRT to Xq26 to Xq27.3. These hybrid cell lines enable the localisation of genes and DNA fragments to six clearly defined regions. Further localisation within three of these regions is possible by use of the three fragile sites on chromosome 16. In situ hybridisation with the probe pBLUR confirmed that of three lines tested all contained a single human chromosome. PMID- 3495226 TI - A cytogenetic analysis of twenty cases of systemic scleroderma. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on 20 patients with diffuse scleroderma who had not received recent or high doses of irradiation; 1,267 cells were examined. Neither the culture medium composition nor the disease had any significant effect on the frequency of structural chromatidic or chromosomal abnormalities. PMID- 3495227 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of 3 cases of ring G chromosomes: one 21 and two 22, one of which was de novo]. AB - Three cases of ring G chromosome diagnosed by amniocentesis are reported. In two instances there was paternal transmission of a ring (one r21 and one r22) without clinical manifestation in the fathers, and the two babies resulting from these pregnancies were normal at birth. In the third case, in which a de novo ring 22 was observed in association with IUGR and oligoamnios, the fetus was aborted. The variable phenotypic effects of ring G chromosomes, as well as several aspects of genetic counseling are discussed. PMID- 3495228 TI - Coincidence of familial systemic lupus erythematosus and the fragile X syndrome. AB - The coincidence of fragile X syndrome (fra(X] and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the same family is reported here for the first time. A 16-year-old boy with typical fra(X) had a severe SLE with multiple organ involvement. His 12-year old sister of normal intelligence had circulating antinuclear antibodies and proliferative glomerulonephritis. The fra(X) was not found in her karyotype. Except for abnormalities due to immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy, the association of SLE and chromosome abnormalities has been only reported in Klinefelter's syndrome. The possible pathogenic role of sex hormonal abnormalities due to an extra X chromosome has been suggested in the occurrence of SLE. PMID- 3495229 TI - Unusual association of XYY chromosomal constitution with colobomas of iris, myopia, increased lipoproteins, mental retardation and convulsions. PMID- 3495230 TI - Karyotype-phenotype analysis: 9p deletion versus 10q2 duplication. AB - An analysis of karyotype-phenotype correlations was carried out on a male infant with 46,XY, -9, +der(9)t(9;10)(p22;q25.2)mat. Cytogenetically, the patient had a 9p deletion and a concurrent 10q2 duplication. Clinically, he manifested predominantly the features of 9p deletion syndrome. An epistasis of 9p deletion over 10q2 duplication was evident in this patient. Possible explanations for this epistatic phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3495231 TI - The fetal phenotype in 2p trisomy. AB - In the present report we describe the clinical and pathological findings in a 19 weeks gestational age male fetus with 2p2 trisomy as the unbalanced product of a 2p/5p translocation in the mother (karyotype: 46, XX, t(2;5) (p12;p15). PMID- 3495232 TI - Reciprocal translocations and full trisomy (trisomy 18 and trisomy 21) in the offspring. AB - In this report, we present examples of trisomy 18 and trisomy 21, both resulting from maternal reciprocal translocations: 46, XX, t(5;18) (q21;q11) and 46, XX, t(5;21) (p11.2;p11), respectively. PMID- 3495233 TI - Congenital absence of the tibiae and thumbs with polydactyly. A rare genetic disease (Werner's syndrome). AB - Report of a male with bilateral aplasia of the tibiae and polydactyly. The autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance is emphasized through the study of this family and literature review. PMID- 3495234 TI - Comparative evaluation of enoxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol for treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia. AB - A murine model of bacteremic Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies of the quinolone antimicrobial agents enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with those of ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Ampicillin-susceptible (AS) and ampicillin-resistant (AR) challenge strains were employed. Treatment with enoxacin or ofloxacin produced intrapulmonary killing of H. influenzae that was superior to that achieved with ampicillin (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001 for both AS and AR strains). Ofloxacin and enoxacin also provided killing greater than that with chloramphenicol for the AS strain (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001). For the AR strain, ofloxacin provided killing greater than that obtained with chloramphenicol (P less than 0.001). Survival from AS strain pneumonia was 60% in enoxacin-treated and 78% in ofloxacin-treated animals compared with 41% for chloramphenicol-treated and 23% for ampicillin-treated groups. We conclude that enoxacin and ofloxacin may be effective antimicrobial agents in treating either AS or AR strains causing H. influenzae pneumonia. PMID- 3495235 TI - Toxicity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxymethyl)guanine for normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. AB - The effects of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxymethyl)guanine on myeloid and erythroid colony-forming cells were studied by clonogenic assays. Both consistently inhibited granulocyte-macrophage CFU (CFU GM) and erythroid burst-forming units in a dose-dependent fashion. Concentrations of AZT and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine required for 50% inhibition of CFU-GM were, respectively, 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 microM; those required for 90% inhibition were, respectively, 34.0 +/- 2.8 and 35.7 +/- 3.6 microM. Erythroid burst-forming units were less sensitive to high concentrations of AZT than were CFU-GM. PMID- 3495236 TI - Comparative antibacterial activity of a new oral cephalosporin, BMY-28100. AB - BMY-28100 is a new oral cephalosporin which had in vitro activity superior to that of cephalexin and cefaclor against staphylococci, beta-hemolytic streptococcal species, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It inhibited beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 50% of Streptococcus faecalis isolates, Listeria monocytogenes, and 50 to 75% of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, but high producers of beta-lactamase were resistant. Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Providencia, and Pseudomonas species and Bacteroides fragilis were resistant. BMY 28100 was more stable than cefaclor against hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. PMID- 3495237 TI - 2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine is an effective therapeutic agent for treatment of experimental herpes keratitis. AB - 2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine (2'NDG), previously reported by us to effectively treat acute herpes simplex infections in mice, was used therapeutically to significantly enhance healing of established herpetic corneal lesions and prevent stromal disease in rabbits. Treatment using 0.06% 2'NDG drops (5 times daily) starting 3 days after infection resulted in more rapid healing of corneal epithelial lesions, rapid resolution of conjunctival inflammation, and prevention of stromal clouding compared to placebo-treated animals. In comparative dose response titrations, the relative potency of 2'NDG to acyclovir was 6.4, which was significant. In addition, soluble ophthalmic inserts were developed for delivery of 2'NDG. Once a day treatment using ophthalmic inserts which released 100 micrograms 2'NDG significantly enhanced corneal and conjunctival healing and prevented stromal disease; 2'NDG eye drops (100 micrograms) delivered once a day were also effective in inhibiting the progression of corneal lesions. These results indicate that 2'NDG may be therapeutically effective in treatment of herpes keratitis, and further suggest that for use as eye drops or in an ophthalmic insert, 2'NDG may be effective even if applied once per day. PMID- 3495238 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 from porcine adrenal microsomes. AB - Adrenal microsomal 21-hydroxylase is essential for biosynthesis or metabolism of various steroid hormones. The complete amino acid sequence of this cytochrome P 450 from pig adrenal was determined by sequence analysis on several sets of proteolytic fragments. The mature protein consists of 492 amino acid residues, corresponding to a molecular weight of 55,484. Seven out of nine total cysteine residues are localized in the amino terminal half of the molecule. The carboxyl terminal half contains only two cysteines, one of which is located at the highly conserved heme-binding region proposed in all cytochromes P-450. A structural comparison between 21-hydroxylase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase reveals that there is a preponderance of sequence homology at the carboxyl terminal region. These studies indicate that a single gene product is expressed for steroid 21 hydroxylase in porcine adrenal glands. PMID- 3495239 TI - [Interleukin 2]. AB - Effectiveness of IL-2 and LAK cells induced by IL-2 on malignant diseases was discussed. IL-2 alone administered systemically showed a poor effect, and combination of IL-2 are necessary for LAK cells to kill the target malignant cells. Adoptive immunotherapy using IL-2 and LAK cells should be applied for pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Postoperative adjuvant therapy and combination with chemotherapy will become important in the future. PMID- 3495240 TI - [Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells and the effect of interferon-beta on their activities. (1) Evaluation by modification of target tumor cells]. AB - IFN is known to enhance NK activity against cultured cell lines such as K562, but not against frozen autologous tumor cells. In order to obtain increased NK cytotoxicity using IFN-beta, various modifications were performed on autologous tumor cells. IFN-beta induced more enhanced NK cytotoxicity of normal lymphocytes when frozen tumor target cells were cultured for 4-5 days in the medium, or when these cells were treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN). However, in an autologous setting, IFN-beta did not enhance NK cytotoxicity against either cultured autologous tumor cells or VCN-treated tumor cells. Also, IFN-beta did not enhance cytotoxic T cell activity against autologous tumor cells induced by mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture, although IFN-beta was able to induce enhancement of allospecific cytotoxic T cells mediated by mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 3495241 TI - Clinical implications of ribonucleoprotein antibody. AB - Out of 97 patients with circulating ribonucleoprotein antibodies, 44 (45%) satisfied the criteria for systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-two (43%) of the 97 patients whose cases did not fulfill these criteria had at least two of the following three clinical manifestations: arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and swollen or sclerotic fingers. A fifth of the latter group of patients had chronic, restrictive pulmonary disease or myopathy and two thirds had hypergammaglobulinemia, IgM rheumatoid factor, and sensitized epidermal nuclei. Few patients had hypocomplementemia. One patient had nephropathy. Most patients had an unchanged, benign disease course for, on the average, nine years. It is suggested that the term mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) be reserved for such patients, and that the acronym MCTD be changed to SRA (swollen fingers, Raynaud's phenomenon, and arthritis). Treatment with glucocorticoids is necessary for only a minority of patients. PMID- 3495242 TI - Diagnostic categories in rheumatology. PMID- 3495243 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3495244 TI - Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding from oral potassium chloride. Comparative risk from microencapsulated vs wax-matrix formulations. AB - A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess the relative risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract bleeding from two formulations of potassium chloride. Relevant information was obtained from 1980 through 1984 Medicaid billing data from the states of Michigan, Minnesota, Florida, and Ohio. After patients with a history of UGI tract bleeding prior to their first prescription for either of the two potassium chloride preparations under study were excluded, data were analyzed for 28,790 patients (143,512 patient-months) dispensed a microencapsulated formulation exclusively and 76,118 patients (560,341 patient months) dispensed a wax-matrix formulation exclusively. The risk of UGI tract bleeding within 30 days after each prescription for the drug of interest was examined. After sampling from the undiseased study subjects and adjusting for multiple potential confounding variables using logistic regression, an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.67 (0.52 to 0.85) was observed. PMID- 3495245 TI - Medical resident education. A cross-sectional study of the influence of the ambulatory preceptor as a role model. AB - A teaching practice of a residency program in primary care internal medicine was used for a cross-sectional study of the record-keeping habits of ambulatory preceptors and the residents they supervise. A retrospective review of 12 charts per physician over a six-month period was used to compare the charting behavior of three practice groups. Each group was comprised of an attending preceptor and a resident in each of the first, second, and third years of residency. Compared with the other two ambulatory preceptors, one ambulatory preceptor had significantly fewer charts with problem lists, medication lists, and health maintenance records as well as a lower ratio of psychosocial problems to total problems noted on his problem lists. The medical records of the residents supervised by this ambulatory preceptor were also significantly more deficient in each of these areas than the medical records of the other two resident groups. The fact that poor medical record keeping by an ambulatory preceptor was similarly deficient for the residents he supervised across each major area studied suggests that the ambulatory preceptor's actual practice behavior may exert a broad influence on the behavior of his residents. Future educational efforts in primary care internal medicine should be partially directed toward the ambulatory preceptors who serve as potent role models. PMID- 3495246 TI - [A study of the synergy of microwave coagulation and streptococcal preparation (OK-432) in experimental tumors in relation to interleukin 2 producing activity]. PMID- 3495247 TI - [Genetics of 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 3495248 TI - Big genes, little genes, affective disorder, and anxiety. A commentary. AB - This article offers a brief explanation of the methods used for studying the genetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorder and comments on three articles in this issue of the Archives. Although the methods have had success in detecting genes of major effect for enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and degradation, they have not produced compelling evidence for a major locus in affective disorder. At the same time, simpler modes of transmission do not fully explain familial data on bipolar disorder or early-onset unipolar disorder. The problem of familial comorbidity of anxiety and depression is discussed, and an illustration is given of how assumptions about psychiatric classification and familial models can obscure the issue of comorbidity. PMID- 3495249 TI - Computed electroencephalographic activity mapping in schizophrenia. The resting state reconsidered. AB - Several topographic mapping studies of electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra have reported increased slow (delta) activity in the frontal regions of schizophrenic patients. Using supraorbital and lateral canthus electrodes to detect eye movement, we deleted EEG epochs during eye movement in 15 medication free patients with schizophrenia and in 13 normal control subjects. Power spectral analysis of the 28-channel EEG demonstrated a diffuse mild increase in delta activity in schizophrenic patients compared with normal control subjects but no tendency for frontal localization of this slow activity. There were no differences between schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects in other frequency bands. These results, which replicate earlier findings of increased delta activity in schizophrenia, emphasize the importance of excluding the slow activity due to eye movement in the comparisons of summed EEG spectra. This emphasis can best be ensured by equating the summed spectra from extraocular movement channels of experimental and control groups. PMID- 3495250 TI - Vitelline duct anomalies. Experience with 217 childhood cases. AB - Of 217 children with vitelline duct anomalies, 85 (40%) had symptomatic lesions (mean age, 2.4 years). Forty-eight patients presented with rectal bleeding; 28, with intestinal obstruction; five, with abdominal pain; and four, with bilious umbilical drainage. An asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum was discovered incidentally at laparotomy in 132 children. Surgical therapy included bowel resection in nine patients with volvulus, four with intussusception, seven with bleeding, three with vitelline cysts, and one with a perforation. Diverticulectomy was performed in 189 cases, and excision of a patent vitelline duct was accomplished in four neonates with umbilical drainage. Ectopic gastric mucosa was present in all 48 patients with bleeding and in four of five with inflammation but in only two asymptomatic specimens. More than one third of the cases were symptomatic and presented in younger patients. This suggests that elective resection of asymptomatic vitelline remnants in early childhood is reasonable at the time of laparotomy for other conditions. PMID- 3495251 TI - Investigations on the mechanism of liver tumour induction by peroxisome proliferators. AB - Further understanding of the mechanism by which peroxisome proliferators induce liver tumours is essential to assessing the risks of such compounds to exposed humans. To this end the effects of nafenopin upon the liver have been investigated. Nafenopin was shown to induce certain drug metabolising enzymes, but sub-cellular fractions from induced animals did not form reactive metabolites which could be detected as mutagens. Nafenopin treatment slightly increased the rate of alkaline elution of hepatic nuclear DNA from polycarbonate filters. However, simultaneous administration of sodium glycolate to stimulate H2O2 production or pyrazole to inhibit catalase activity had no further effects. These findings demonstrate that nafenopin is not activated to a mutagen and argue against the hypothesis that indirect DNA damage as a result of excess H2O2 production is responsible for tumour induction. PMID- 3495252 TI - [ILF (interferential low frequency) therapy of patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3495253 TI - [Study of IgE-bearing B cells using the fluorescence activated cell sorter with two-color immunofluorescence staining in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3495254 TI - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A review. AB - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a syndrome of burning pain, hyperesthesia, swelling, hyperhidrosis, and trophic changes in the skin and bone of the affected extremity. It is precipitated by a wide variety of factors in addition to nerve injury. It occurs outside of dermatomal distributions and can spread to involve other extremities without new injury. The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but roentgenography, scintigraphy, and sympathetic blockade can help to confirm the diagnosis. The most successful therapies are directed toward blocking the sympathetic innervation to the affected extremity, in conjunction with physical therapy. The theories proposed to explain the pathophysiology of reflex sympathetic dystrophy include "reverberating circuits" in the spinal cord that are triggered by intense pain, ephaptic transmission between sympathetic efferents and sensory afferents, and the presence of ectopic pacemakers in an injured nerve. PMID- 3495256 TI - S-antigen. Experimental autoimmune uveitis following immunization with a small synthetic peptide. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveitis was observed following the immunization of Lewis rats with a small synthetic peptide, peptide M (18 amino acids in length), which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of a well-characterized region of S antigen (404 amino acids in length). Rats were immunized with varying doses of peptide M ranging from 1 to 100 micrograms in complete Freund's adjuvant. As little as 5 micrograms of the synthetic peptide was sufficient for the induction of disease. Clinically, the disease that developed was characterized by iris and pericorneal hyperemia followed by exudates in the anterior chamber. Histopathologically, a severe inflammatory response was observed in animals immunized with high doses of the peptide (greater than 50 micrograms). In these eyes the photoreceptor cell layer of the retina was completely destroyed. A massive subretinal exudate containing mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was also present. The inflammatory changes were generally less severe following immunization with low doses of the peptide (less than 50 micrograms), and in some eyes only occasional focal lesions were observed. In addition, animals with ocular inflammatory disease had associated pinealitis characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of the subcapsular and central area of the pineal gland. Both clinically and histopathologically, the experimental autoimmune uveitis produced by the synthetic peptide was indistinguishable from the disease caused by native S-antigen. We comment on the significance of these findings and the relationship of S-antigen in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis. PMID- 3495255 TI - Intravitreal vancomycin. Retinal toxicity, clearance, and interaction with gentamicin. AB - Some of the gram-positive isolates from exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis cases treated at our institution have been found to be resistant to either cefazolin sodium, gentamicin sulfate, or both. However, all of these isolates have been sensitive to vancomycin. These findings prompted us to reevaluate the retinal toxicity and clearance of intravitreal vancomycin in pigmented rabbits. Doses up to 2 mg were found to be nontoxic in phakic and aphakic-vitrectomized eyes. Clearance was determined in phakic and aphakic-vitrectomized rabbit eyes with or without intact lens capsules. The antibiotic was cleared most slowly in phakic eyes. Aphakic-vitrectomized eyes without an intact lens capsule cleared antibiotic most rapidly, while aphakic-vitrectomized eyes with intact capsules exhibited an intermediate clearance rate. In addition, the interaction between vancomycin and gentamicin on gram-positive endophthalmitis isolates was found to be additive or synergistic depending on the bacterial species. Based on these data, we recommend the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside as the initial antibiotic therapy for exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 3495258 TI - Growth factor-induced proliferative responses of human and DMH-induced rat colorectal tumour cell lines. AB - The proliferative response of three human and three 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat colon tumour cell lines to mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) and human urogastrone was examined in two in vitro assays (3H-thymidine uptake in liquid microculture and clonogenicity in semi-solid medium). In the 3H-thymidine uptake assay, one of three rat and one of three human colon tumour cell lines, i.e., r237 and LIM1215, were stimulated by mEGF. In the clonogenic assay, mEGF stimulated the one clonogenic rat tumour cell line r113, which did not respond in the 3H-thymidine uptake assay, and the human tumour cell line LIM1215. Urogastrone stimulated LIM1215 in both assay systems. The significance of these in vitro patterns of response to growth stimulatory factors is discussed. PMID- 3495257 TI - S-antigen. Adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune uveitis following immunization with a small synthetic peptide. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveitis was observed following the adoptive transfer of T cell lymphocytes (T cells) from Lewis rats previously immunized with a small synthetic peptide, peptide M, which corresponds to the amino acid sequence of a well-defined region of S-antigen. Prior to adoptive transfer, the T cells were restimulated in tissue culture with peptide M. Approximately five days following the intravenous administration of restimulated T cells, a severe uveitis was documented both clinically and histopathologically. Clinically, the disease was characterized by iris hyperemia followed by anterior chamber exudates and posterior iris synechiae. Histopathologically, the photoreceptor cell layer of the retina was completely destroyed. A subretinal exudate containing mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was also present. In addition, the pineal glands of animals with experimental autoimmune uveitis showed inflammatory changes characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of the subcapsular and central region of the gland. The clinical and histopathologic features of the experimental autoimmune uveitis were similar to those that develop following the adoptive transfer of T cells from Lewis rats previously immunized with S-antigen. Our results indicate that the amino acid sequence of the region of S-antigen corresponding to peptide M represents a distinct pathogenic site with the ability to adoptively transfer disease. We comment on the significance of this finding with regard to T cell-mediated immune mechanisms in certain forms of human uveitis. PMID- 3495259 TI - The combined effect of cinnarizine and domperidone on vestibular susceptibility. AB - Four test medications were randomly examined in 25 volunteers for the depressant effect on the labyrinth during stimulation in a rotation chair as well as in a parallel swing. The medications, placebo (pl), Domperidone 30 mg (D), Cinnarizine 40 mg (C) and Touristil 40 mg + 30 mg (C+D), were tested at 1-week intervals, the duration and amplitude of nystagmus having been recorded 15 min, 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after intake of the medication. In both tests Touristil (C+D) was significantly (p less than 0.01) to very significantly (p less than 0.0001) more potent, more rapid, and longer working than placebo and the separate components (C) and (D). In addition the working of Touristil was specifically superior to Cinnarizine, when given separately. It appears that the new preparation Touristil approaches the profile of the ideal drug against motion sickness more closely than any other medication. PMID- 3495260 TI - Analysis of the reported relationship between thyroxin-binding globulin and alpha 1-antitrypsin heterogeneity. PMID- 3495261 TI - Human cysteine proteinases and their protein inhibitors stefins, cystatins and kininogens. AB - The cathepsins B, H and L of human origin were isolated in pure form in sufficient quantities for structural characterization. The complete amino acid sequence of human liver cathepsin B was determined. Partial amino acid sequences of the human kidney cathepsin H and L show the highly conserved region around the active site cysteine. The cysteine proteinase inhibitors stefin A, human stefin B and human cystatin C were isolated, characterized and sequenced. Their amino acid sequences are compared with sequences of other protein inhibitors of the stefin and cystatin family, showing a high degree of homology throughout both families. The stefin and cystatin family, together with newly discovered kininogen family belong to the same superfamily of cystatins. The constructed dendrogram shows that the most closely related inhibitors so far sequenced are human stefin B and rat liver TPI. PMID- 3495262 TI - Kininogens: inhibitors of cysteine proteinases in plasma and a similar inhibitor in chicken egg white. AB - Isolation, based on their inhibitory properties, is a fast and simple alternative method for the preparation of kininogens from human plasma. Pure native low Mr kininogen can be obtained in a much higher yield than with classical methods, provided that a similarly efficient inhibition of proteolysis is included. Chicken egg white also contains a high Mr inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. It closely resembles low Mr kininogen in its molecular weight, acidic isoelectric point and 1:2 inhibitor to enzyme molar binding ratio. Its relation to chicken serum kininogen is not known. PMID- 3495263 TI - Proteinase inhibitors from horse plasma and leucocytes: properties and biological functions. AB - Alpha-1-antiproteinase (alpha 1-PI) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) from horse plasma and the proteinase inhibitor from horse leucocyte cytosol were purified and some of their physicochemical parameters estimated. Effective molar ratio, inactivation rate constants kon and apparent inhibitory constants Ki were determined for the reaction of these inhibitors and several leucocyte and pancreatic serine proteinases. It appears that alpha 1-PI, similarly to human inhibitor, controls the activity of leucocyte elastases in plasma and the lung. On the other hand, the physiological role of the leucocyte cytosol inhibitor is to protect the cytoplasm against the destructive activity of leucocyte proteinases rather than to protect the surrounding tissues. PMID- 3495264 TI - Effect of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin on DNA synthesis in permeabilized human cells. AB - The effect of Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin(ACT) on DNA synthesis was studied using lysolecithin-permeabilized cultured human stomach carcinoma cells. ACT added in medium inhibited DNA synthesis and the degree of inhibition is incubation time dependent. It is proportional to ACT concentration and the concentration of ACT required for 50% inhibition was 0.8 mg/ml. PMID- 3495265 TI - Partial primary structures of human and murine macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1). AB - Approximately 40 amino-terminal residues and 20 internal residues of CSF-1 purified from the media of cultured human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa) cells and of cultured murine L cells have been identified. Results indicated that the two subunits in each molecule of biologically active CSF-1 are identical in their amino-terminal portions. The twelve amino-terminal residues of MIA PaCa CSF-1 were found to be identical to those of human-urinary CSF-1, suggesting that the polypeptide portions of the two human proteins may be identical. Approximately 75% of the amino acids identified in both MIA PaCa CSF-1 and murine CSF-1 were found to be common to both. No homology to other proteins was observed. This study suggests a subunit polypeptide Mr nearer to 17K than to 26K predicted from cDNA. PMID- 3495266 TI - Evolution of human von Willebrand factor: cDNA sequence polymorphisms, repeated domains, and relationship to von Willebrand antigen II. AB - Four cDNAs extending into the 5'-noncoding region of the human von Willebrand factor cDNA have been characterized. Thirty-four residues of amino-terminal protein sequence for von Willebrand antigen II matched that predicted from the cDNA sequence, confirming that the propeptide of von Willebrand factor is von Willebrand antigen II. Among the known cDNA sequences there are four confirmed single nucleotide differences, of which two may be in linkage disequilibrium, and two would alter the protein sequence. Based on comparisons among the four repeated D domains, an evolutional model has been proposed to account for the distribution of these sequence elements in prepro-von Willebrand factor. PMID- 3495267 TI - The tumor promoter tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA) elicits the redistribution of zinc in subcellular fractions of rabbit thymocytes measured by X-ray fluorescence. AB - Prolonged (90 minutes) incubation with tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) elicits the redistribution of zinc from the nuclear fraction and mitochondria to the cytosol and microsomes in rabbit thymocytes. The zinc redistribution might play a role in the TPA-caused desensitization of T lymphocytes towards calcium and in the TPA-induced inhibition of Gl----S phase transition and cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. PMID- 3495268 TI - von Willebrand factor shares a distinctive cysteine-rich domain with thrombospondin and procollagen. AB - The identification of common domains among different proteins is of great interest at present. We have found that a cysteine-rich domain in thrombospondin, also present in types I and III procollagen alpha 1 chains, is related to two internally homologous domains in von Willebrand factor. In the four proteins these domains are similar in length (64-74 residues) and have nine invariant cysteines, some of which form intramolecular disulfide bonds. The structural and functional similarities of this domain in the four kinds of proteins, and its correspondence in procollagen to an exon, support our hypothesis of a common origin for the domain. PMID- 3495269 TI - In vitro production and characterisation of low molecular weight forms of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity from rat thyroid. AB - Rat tissues contained two forms of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity of lower molecular weight than CGRP itself. Two immunoreactive products of in vitro degradation of synthetic CGRP by rat tissue homogenates were purified and shown to be chromatographically identical to these naturally occurring moieties. They reacted only with a carboxy-terminal directed CGRP antiserum indicating that they were carboxy-terminal fragments of CGRP. The larger fragment was found to have a molecular mass corresponding to amino acid residues 19-37 of the CGRP molecule. PMID- 3495270 TI - Chemically induced Parkinson's disease: intermediates in the oxidation of 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion. AB - Various unstable intermediate oxidation states have been postulated in the metabolic activation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to the 1 methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion. We now report the first direct observation of these free radical intermediates by pulse radiolysis and flash photolysis. Studies are described of various reactions of such species, in particular with dopamine whose autoxidation to dopamine quinone is reported to be potentiated by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine. PMID- 3495271 TI - Gold(III) inhibits activated human osteosarcoma adenylate cyclase by an action at or near the catalytic component. AB - In human osteosarcoma membranes, gold(III) (Au(III)) inhibits prostaglandin E2- and isoproterenol-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity without affecting basal enzyme activity. Forskolin activation of adenylate cyclase is also blocked by Au(III) with ID50 of 1-2 microM. The inhibition by Au(III) is preserved in membranes prepared from pertussis toxin-treated cells. The inhibitory effect of Au(III) is additive to inhibition of adenylate cyclase by 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine. These data provide evidence that the action of Au(III) is at or near the catalytic moiety of the cyclase system and that Au(III) does not act via the guanine nucleotide-binding inhibitory component or the adenosine P site inhibitory pathway. PMID- 3495272 TI - Suppression of the EGF-dependent induction of c-myc proto-oncogene expression by transforming growth factor beta in a human breast carcinoma cell line. AB - Alterations in c-myc proto-oncogene expression after treatment of human mammary carcinoma MDA-468 cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) have been investigated. A stimulation of c-myc messenger RNA was detected within 60 min after treatment with EGF. This induction persisted for at least 24 hr, albeit to a lower extent. The early and late increase in c-myc mRNA levels induced by EGF were inhibited by the presence of TGF beta. TGF beta alone induced little change in c-myc mRNA levels. The effect of TGF beta represents a novel action of this hormone at the level of gene expression. PMID- 3495273 TI - Phospholipid-metabolism of a stimulated murine T cell clone. AB - The release of IP3 and the incorporation of arachidonic acid into phospholipids was measured in a stimulated murine alloantigen-specific, non-cytolytic T cell clone. While Concanavalin A provoked a sharp increase in IP3, Interleukin 2 had no effect on the production of IP3. An increased reacylation of phospholipids with arachidonic acid was seen within the first 4 hours after addition of Concanavalin A, while an effect upon Interleukin 2 was only observed after 8 hours of incubation with Interleukin 2. A similar retarded response to Interleukin 2 was observed in proliferation experiments. These retarded cell responses may be due to changed properties of IL 2 receptors induced by IL 2. PMID- 3495275 TI - Scientific abstracts: 51st annual meeting, American Rheumatism Association; 22nd annual meeting, Arthritis Health Professions Association. June 9-13, 1987, Washington, D.C. PMID- 3495274 TI - GTP requirement for inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in smooth muscle. AB - We have examined inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the skinned vascular smooth muscle. The amount of Ca2+ in the SR was estimated indirectly by caffeine-induced contraction of the skinned preparation. The Ca2+ release from the SR by IP3 required GTP. A non hydrolyzable analogue of GTP, guanosine 5'-(beta gamma-imido) triphosphate (GppNHp) could substitute for GTP in the IP3-induced Ca2+ release. These results suggest an involvement of GTP-binding protein in the mechanism of Ca2+ release from the SR by IP3 in smooth muscle. PMID- 3495276 TI - Effect of tolfenamic acid on the metabolism of the main connective tissue components in rats. AB - Tolfenamic acid (Clotam) has been used in the therapy of rheumatic diseases for some years. Regarding its chemical structure it belongs to the group of fenamates. The effect of tolfenamic acid on the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans in granulation tissue, skin or cartilage of rat weanlings was tested and compared with the action of mefenamic acid. According to the results obtained, tolfenamic acid is a potent inhibitor of collagen as well as proteoglycan syntheses. The concentrations of the constituents of proteoglycans, i.e. protein core, link protein as well as glycosaminoglycans were decreased in the tissue after treatment with tolfenamic acid. In comparison with mefenamic acid, if the same doses were used (50 mg and 100 mg/kg of body weight/day in in vivo experiments and 10 mg/g wet tissue in in vitro experiments), tolfenamic acid exhibits more distinct inhibitory effect. A general inhibitory effect of tolfenamic acid on proteosynthesis is suggested. PMID- 3495277 TI - Refractoriness of neurons mediating intracranial self-stimulation in the anterior basal forebrain. AB - The post-stimulation excitability of neurons mediating electrical self stimulation of the anterior basal forebrain was evaluated psychophysically in the rat. Rats with electrodes in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, lateral preoptic area, diagonal band, or anterior medial forebrain bundle pressed a lever to earn 0.5-s trains of conditioning (C) and test (T) pulse pairs. The C-T interval was systematically varied and the effectiveness of the T-pulse was estimated by measuring the frequency of pulse pairs required to sustain criterion responding. All sites tested demonstrated similar recovery; T-pulse effectiveness, normalized against the effect of the C-pulse, was lowest at delays of 0.4-0.8 ms and it rose monotonically until 5 ms when it achieved an effectiveness plateau of one. Increasing the current of the T-pulse by 50 or 60% failed to hasten recovery, suggesting that the recovery profiles primarily reflect the activation of neurons very soon after emergence from absolute refractoriness. Compared to lateral hypothalamic and ventral tegmental self stimulation, the neurons that support self-stimulation in the ventral basal forebrain recover more slowly; recovery here is only about half done by the time lateral hypothalamic placements demonstrate complete recovery. PMID- 3495278 TI - The role of T4 in immune function and dysfunction. PMID- 3495279 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii in male drug addicts: morphologic study of the parasite]. AB - This work describes the first case of Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) to be found in Sardinia. The patient was an adult male drug-addict who died following a respiratory inadequacy due to bronchial pneumonia resulting from Pneumocystis carinii (PCP). For diagnostic purposes the emphasis is laid on the importance of morphological research into the parasite, considering the lack of specific evidence regarding serological investigation. Therefore, the various techniques of coloration are examined here. That which stands out for its simplicity of performance and its thoroughness of investigation is the May Grunwald-Giemsa coloration which also points out other micro-organisms frequently associated with this type of pathology. In conclusion, then, this work indicates the advisability, on behalf of the Services of Anatomy and Pathological Histology to adopt, as routine practice the specific colorations for Pneumocystis carinii (PC), taking into account the considerable diffusion of this parasite in patients with immuno-deficiency. PMID- 3495280 TI - Relations among age, visual memory, and resting cerebral metabolism in 40 healthy men. AB - Visual memory, as measured by the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and resting regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc), as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and [18-F]fluorodeoxyglucose, were examined in 40 very healthy men, aged 21 to 83 years. Age-related differences in visual memory were found but were significantly smaller than differences reported in the general population. This discrepancy is attributable to our rigorous health screening. The age-related differences found in this sample are estimates of the lower limit of population differences unconfounded by disease. Age-related differences on undistracted delayed visual memory were greater than differences on immediate visual memory, suggesting age-related differences in spontaneous elaborative visual information processing. No relation between visual memory and resting rCMRglc was found, supporting the hypothesis that mental abilities are unrelated to resting brain metabolism unless both functions are influenced by disease. PMID- 3495281 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow measurement by N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine: a comparison with X-ray CT findings in hemiplegic patients]. PMID- 3495282 TI - Effects of ovariectomy in beagle dogs. AB - Beagle dogs 3-7 years old were ovariectomized (n = 9) or sham operated (n = 6) and followed for 48 weeks with measurements of body weight, tibial shaft bone mineral content (BMC), and serum biochemistry. Following killing, measurements were made of bone strength and histomorphometry. Ovariectomy (OX) significantly reduced serum estrone and estradiol concentrations and their variability from month to month. There was a transient decrease in cortical BMC of the OX dogs during the first 12 postoperative weeks but no difference between the groups after 48 weeks. Serum osteocalcin was elevated, but there was little effect on serum alkaline phosphatase, Ca, P, or calcitonin. OX increased the number of tetracycline-labeled osteons in cortical bone but reduced the percent trabecular surface labeled with tetracycline. OX produced no significant changes in the composition of the bones or loss of cortical area, but a statistically significant 15% trabecular bone loss occurred in the spine. However, bone strength had not been significantly affected at the time of sacrifice. PMID- 3495283 TI - B-cell colony growth of malignant and normal B-cells. AB - B-cell colony growth of malignant and normal B-cells has been studied in a double layer (agar-fluid) colony assay. Stimulatory factors consisted of irradiated blood leukocytes, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), interleukin 2 (IL2) and 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in various combinations. B-cell colonies have been obtained in all cases tested, i.e., 7/7 cases with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 7/7 cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 5/5 cases with hairy cell leukaemia and 7/7 normal B-cell suspensions, obtained from blood (X 3), bone marrow (X 2) and spleen (X 2). The plating efficacy ranged from 0.02-0.35, with a median of 0.07. Colony formation was found to be linear (r = 0.96) in the plating range of 0.5-8 X 10(5) cells. Secondary colonies could be obtained in 2 cases tested. DNA synthesizing cells in colonies were determined in 4 cases using monoclonal antibodies against DNA-incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). In most cases the combination of PHA (with or without IL2) and irradiated leukocytes yielded the highest number of colonies, but in some experiments stimulation with TPA + IL2 was found to be optimal. PMID- 3495284 TI - Second malignancies in children treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and T-cell leukaemia with the UKCCSG regimens. AB - Eight children treated between 1977 and 1983 with the UK Children's Cancer Study Group's non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and T-cell protocols have developed second malignancies within 7 years of commencing treatment. Five developed acute non lymphoblastic leukaemia and a sixth died from infection while pancytopenic with a pre-leukaemic marrow. The other malignancies were cerebral astrocytoma and an undifferentiated low grade sarcoma. These eight children were included among 261 children studied in the first UKCCSG NHL and T-cell trials giving an actuarial incidence of 7.8% second malignancy at 7 years. Six had received adjuvant radiotherapy which may have contributed to the high incidence of second malignancy. PMID- 3495285 TI - Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the ferret. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was provoked in the ferret, Mustela pulorius furo, by immunosuppression with daily long-term administration of cortisone acetate, 10-20 mg/kg subcutaneously for 9 to 10 weeks, Microscopically P. carinii was observed in the lungs of all 11 treated animals: mild to moderate in five and extensive disease in six. The histopathological features of PCP in the ferret included interstitial pneumonitis, scant mononuclear cell alveolitis, with abundant cysts and trophozoites visible in a focal distribution. There were few neutrophils present. Electron microscopy showed large numbers of both cysts and trophozoites in close association with type I cells. No bacterial pathogens were isolated from the lungs of immunosuppressed animals but an unexplained eosinophilic enteritis was present in treated animals. P carinii pneumonia developed without significant body weight loss during corticosteroid administration, unlike previously described studies using corticosteroid-treated rodents. Ferrets thus appear to be a 'steroid resistant' animal, like man, and therefore a more suitable model for immunological studies of host response to PCP than rodents. This new model also has practical advantages over previously described animal models of PCP, including larger lung and airway size. PMID- 3495287 TI - HLA antigens in nickel-sensitive contact dermatitis patients. PMID- 3495286 TI - The effects of cyclosporin A on T lymphocyte and dendritic cell sub-populations in psoriasis. AB - Sequential skin biopsies from six patients with severe psoriasis were studied during treatment with cyclosporin. Four of the patients cleared completely and the remaining two showed a marked improvement. A subset of dendritic cells, HLA DR+ but lacking the T6 antigen characteristically expressed by Langerhans cells (DR+ 6-), was observed in lesional epidermis. They disappeared during treatment, before clinical improvement was apparent and at a rate which correlated with clearance of psoriasis. These cells were not found in normal or uninvolved psoriatic epidermis and their number in lesional skin appeared to be related to the clinical severity of the disease. Total numbers of CD4 and CD8, and HLA-DR+ CD8 T cells were substantially reduced in both epidermis and dermis prior to clinical improvement. In contrast, there was generally no decrease in the number of HLA-DR+ CD4 T cells in the epidermis during resolution, whereas these cells were reduced by an average of 68% in the dermis. The beneficial effects of cyclosporin in psoriasis further support the hypothesis that T cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The cellular changes observed in the skin during cyclosporin treatment may help to elucidate the effects of this drug on immunoregulatory mechanisms in man. PMID- 3495288 TI - Abnormal proliferation of T-colony-forming cells from peripheral blood of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias and lymphomas in complete remission: potential prognostic value. AB - Peripheral blood T-colony-forming cells (T-CFC) from most patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (T-ALL) and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (T NHL), can proliferate in vitro in methylcellulose in the absence of added growth factors or mitogens. We now report that spontaneous T-cell colonies could also be obtained during complete remission of 13 out of 21 patients with T-ALL and T-NHL, but none of eight patients with common (pre-B) ALL (cALL). Colony cells were mainly E+T3+, with a variable expression of other T cell markers. Spontaneous T CFC did not possess self-renewal capacity in the absence of added growth factors. Moreover, incubation of spontaneous colonies with colchicine yielded mitoses in only two out of seven patients, with one normal and one abnormal karyotype. In five patients tested, recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2) could also induce the proliferation of some T-CFC. Both spontaneous and IL2-induced colonies were inhibited by an anti-IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody, suggesting that interaction of IL2 with its receptor may be involved in the proliferation of some T-CFC from these patients. A study of 14 T-ALL patients tested during their first remission indicated that patients who developed no or few spontaneous colonies during their first remission (less than 20 colonies/10(5) mononuclear cells) seemed to relapse later and to have a significantly longer survival than patients with a high number of spontaneous colonies. These data suggest that the spontaneous proliferation capacity of T-CFC might be of prognostic value in the clinical evaluation of T-ALL. PMID- 3495289 TI - RAEB in a patient with chronic granulated T-lymphocytosis. PMID- 3495290 TI - Successful pregnancy following steroid therapy and plasma exchange in a woman with anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies. Case report. PMID- 3495291 TI - The disappearance rate of Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 in normal and pathological pregnancies. AB - In six women with a normal vaginal delivery at term, in 12 women who had a suction curettage between 6 and 12 weeks gestation and in eight women with an ectopic pregnancy, the post-partum or the post-surgery decline in radioimmunoassayable SP1 was faster during the first 24 h after surgery or delivery than later, so that two half-lives were calculated. The first 'half life' of about 20 h (0-24 h after delivery or surgery) was of the same order of magnitude in all groups studied and corresponded well to previously published values. The mean second 'half-life' (greater than 24 h after delivery or surgery) was significantly longer in term (72.2 h) and in ectopic pregnancies (64.1 h) than in first trimester pregnancies (45.5 h). These results might indicate that the metabolism of SP1 either changes during pregnancy or that the changing SP1 beta/SP1 alpha ratio during pregnancy markedly influences the levels of SP1 as measured by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 3495292 TI - Ischaemic optic neuropathy complicating cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Bilateral anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy occurred in two patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass grafting. The causes may have been vasoconstriction of the posterior ciliary arteries by increased circulating angiotensin and diminished ciliary blood flow in the setting of systemic hypotension and elevated intraocular pressure. PMID- 3495293 TI - Natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: predictors of postherpetic neuralgia and ocular involvement. AB - Seventy-one patients presenting with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus were followed up for six months for a prospective analysis of the natural history of the disease. Acute and chronic ocular complications, nasociliary nerve involvement, age, sex, rash, and pain were assessed, and the results are presented. Acute pain was measured by a visual analogue scale. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) was more likely in patients over 80 and in those who scored their pain highly at presentation. Duration of rash was longer in patients who developed PHN. No other associations between the parameters studied were found. Nasociliary nerve involvement was associated with subsequent ocular disease. PMID- 3495294 TI - Intraocular pentastomiasis causing unilateral glaucoma. AB - We present a case of intraocular pentastomiasis in a 12-year-old Israel Arab boy. A single secondary pentastomid larva, most likely of Linguatula serrata, was found in the anterior chamber of the right eye, attached loosely to the pupil's border by a fibrinous mass. Associated conditions were iritis, subluxation of the lens, and secondary glaucoma. This is the first documentation of human pentastomiasis in Israel. PMID- 3495295 TI - The complement component C1s catalysed hydrolysis of peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates. AB - The kinetic parameter kcat/Km has been determined for the hydrolysis of peptide 4 nitroanilides, catalysed by complement component C1s. Substrates based on the C terminal sequence of human C4a (Leu-Gln-Arg) were synthesised. Replacement of the glutamine residue by glycine or serine increased kcat/Km. Substitution of valine for the leucine residue increased kcat/Km, while substitution of glycine or lysine for the leucine residue decreased kcat/Km slightly. D-Val-Ser-Arg 4 nitroanilide is the most reactive 4-nitroanilide substrate towards C1s, so far. These results are discussed in relation to the amino acid sequences near the bonds cleaved by C1s in C4, C2 and C1 inhibitor. PMID- 3495296 TI - [Inhibition of the dealkylating activity of cytochrome P-450 isoforms in rat liver microsomes by the products of phospholipase A2-induced phospholipid hydrolysis]. AB - The effects of exogenous phospholipase A2, oleic acid and lysolecithines on oxidative NADPH-dependent O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycumarin in liver microsomes of phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced and non-induced rats were studied. Oleic acid up to the concentration of 100 micrograms/mg of protein did not inhibit this process. gamma-Myristoyl and gamma-palmitoyl lysolecithines decreased the reaction rate already at concentrations of 2-4 micrograms/mg of protein. Oleic acid was attached to cytochrome P-450 according to type I binding, whereas lysolecithines did not bind to the cytochrome. Thus, in the presence of phospholipase A2 in liver microsomes of non-induced rats, when the phospholipid hydrolysis products are accumulated at low concentrations, 7-ethoxycumarin deethylase is inhibited by lysophospholipids but not by free fatty acids. In 3 methylcholanthrene-induced microsomes the sensitivity of O-deethylation of 7 ethoxycumarin to the inhibiting effect of phospholipase A2 or lysolecithine is lower than that in non-induced or phenobarbital-induced microsomes. PMID- 3495297 TI - Glucose utilization in the temporal cortex of affectively ill patients: positron emission tomography. AB - As temporal lobe dysfunction has been postulated in the affective disorders, the authors investigated glucose utilization in the temporal lobes of 13 affectively ill patients in comparison with 18 normal volunteer controls and 17 previously reported schizophrenic patients, following injections of fluorine 18-2-deoxy-D glucose (FDG) during somatosensory stimulation to the right forearm. Using a boundary-finding algorithm to outline each temporal lobe, maximum glucose use relative to maximums elsewhere in the same positron emission tomography (PET) slice were calculated. In a small group of moderately to severely depressed patients, this relative measure was significantly reduced in the right (with a similar trend in the left) temporal lobe compared to normal volunteers and the other comparison groups. The lack of a significant increase in glucose utilization, measured either as a maximum or in relation to other areas in the PET scan slice, suggests that a temporal lobe activation or a seizure-like process is not generally occurring during active depressive phases of the illness. PMID- 3495298 TI - Calcium transients and calcium binding to troponin at the contraction threshold in skeletal muscle. AB - Antipyrylazo III calcium transients from voltage-clamped, cut skeletal muscle fibers of the frog were recorded, and the calcium binding to the regulatory sites of troponin C was calculated. The strength-duration curve for the contraction threshold was determined. It was found that the increase in myoplasmic calcium concentration necessary to produce the same level of contractile activation, i.e., the just visible movement, was approximately 60% higher at more positive membrane potentials resulting from short depolarizing pulses than at rheobase. However, using biochemical data for the kON and kOFF rate coefficients of the binding sites, the calculated maximums of the calcium binding curves were about the same at different voltages, and the time to maximum saturation was roughly equal to the latency of the contractions. To characterize the calcium binding in intact fibers more accurately, those values of the kON and kOFF rate coefficients that gave equal peak saturations during threshold movement at different membrane potentials were determined. PMID- 3495299 TI - Immunomodulating properties of bestatin in cancer patients. A phase II trial. AB - Thirty-four patients with cancer (30) or ARC (4) with severe T cell defect or imbalance persisting a long time after completion of any cytostatic treatment were treated by bestatin 30 mg/day 3 days per week during three weeks. The drug has no toxicity of any kind. Reassessment of T cell subsets after completion of bestatin therapy showed a significant improvement of the absolute number of CD4 cells in peripheral blood. CD8 subsets wether initially increased or decreased were modified towards normalisation but the modification reached statistical significance only in the subgroup with initial absolute defect of CD8 cells. CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly increased whether considering all cycles of therapy, or all those given to patients with initially high or normal CD8 subsets. Bestatin appears to have immunomodulating properties which might be useful in cancer patients. PMID- 3495300 TI - A phase II trial of immunorestoration with zinc gluconate in immunodepressed cancer patients. AB - Zinc is an trace metal necessary for T cell differentiation and maturation. Forty two patients, with Aids Related Complex or malignancy in remission and with severe and stable CD4 lymphoid cells cytopenia were submitted to zinc gluconate, 125 mg twice daily orally for three weeks. Reevaluation of T cell subsets one week after the end of zinc intake showed non significant modification of total lymphocyte counts nor of CD4 subsets. CD8 cells however were significantly increased in absolute number in those patients with initially low counts of the cells while they were significantly reduced in those patients with initially normal or high CD8 cells counts. Zinc gluconate in short courses appear to act as a regulator of CD8 lymphoid cells subsets. PMID- 3495301 TI - Congenital tumors. PMID- 3495302 TI - Hematologic effects of immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in cancer patients. AB - Immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from autologous lymphocytes has produced significant tumor regressions in patients with advanced cancer. In the current study, we reviewed the hematologic effects associated with this therapy in our initial 42 patients. Eighty-eight percent of the treated patients developed anemia that required greater than or equal to 4 units of red cell transfusions, and 43% received at least 8 units. Only a blood loss of 2 to 3 units could be attributed to repeated phlebotomy, cytophereses, and hemodilution. IL-2 administration also resulted in thrombocytopenia as well as lymphopenia and eosinophilia. Forty-three percent of patients developed platelet counts of less than or equal to 50,000/microL, and 36% of the total group required platelet transfusions. Mild neutropenia and a rebound lymphocytosis followed discontinuation of IL-2 treatment. To explore the possible mechanisms for these hematologic effects, standard hematopoietic colony assays were conducted on serial blood samples from five patients. IL-2 produced a significant decline in circulating erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocytic/macrophage (CFU-C) progenitors, which rebounded after the discontinuation of IL-2 therapy. Infusion of IL-2 also resulted in measurable serum levels of gamma-interferon. Some of the hematologic effects of immunotherapy with LAK cells and IL-2 may be the result of IL-2-mediated suppression of hematopoiesis. PMID- 3495303 TI - T lymphocytes lack rearrangement of the bcr gene in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - To study the possible involvement of T lymphocytes in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) we analyzed the arrangement of the bcr gene in T cell and non-T cell samples of 12 CML patients. Although all the patients showed bcr rearrangements in non-T cell fractions, T cell populations lacked respective gene recombinations. Moreover, by Southern blot analyses using T cell receptor beta chain sequences our data indicate polyclonality of T cell samples from 11 of 12 cases; in one patient a clonal T cell population could be identified. These results suggest that T lineages of most Ph-positive CML patients are not derived from pluripotent stem cells involved in leukemogenesis and thus confirm previous investigations based on cytogenetic or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase analyses. The demonstration of polyclonal T cell populations may reflect persistence of stem cells committed to differentiate only into T cells. PMID- 3495304 TI - The effect of ABO blood group on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease. AB - In order to firmly establish a normal range for von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), we determined plasma vWF:Ag concentrations in 1,117 volunteer blood donors by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. The presence of the ABO blood group has a significant influence on vWF:Ag values; individuals with blood group O had the lowest mean vWF:Ag level (74.8 U/dL), followed by group A (105.9 U/dL), then group B (116.9 U/dL), and finally group AB (123.3 U/dL). Multiple regression analysis revealed that age significantly correlated with vWF:Ag levels in each blood group. We then performed reverse ABO typing on stored plasma from 142 patients with the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (vWd). Of 114 patients with type I vWd, blood group O was found in 88 (77%), group A in 21 (18%), group B in 5 (4%), and group AB in none (0%), whereas the frequency of these blood groups in the normal population is significantly different (45%, 45%, 7% and 3%, respectively) (P less than .001). Patients with type II or III vWd had ABO blood group frequencies that were not different from the expected distribution. There may be a subset of symptomatic vWd patients with decreased concentrations of structurally normal vWf (vWd, type I) on the basis of blood group O. Some individuals of blood group AB with a genetic defect of vWF may have the diagnosis overlooked because vWF levels are elevated due to blood type. PMID- 3495306 TI - [Clinical study on tuberculin anergy and its mechanism in respiratory diseases]. PMID- 3495305 TI - The effects of GM-CSF and G-CSF in promoting growth of clonogenic cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia. AB - A small subset of leukemic cells from most patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) have properties of stem cells and can be assayed by colony formation in agar or methylcellulose. Colony formation generally requires the addition of exogenous growth factors, but the exact factors required are incompletely defined. The AML colony-promoting activities of two recombinant human colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF and G-CSF) were investigated by using blasts from 48 patients with AML. In nine cases, no colonies formed with either CSF. In seven cases colonies formed only in response to G-CSF and in 11 cases only in response to GM-CSF. In 21 cases colonies formed in response to either GM CSF or G-CSF, and in 12 of these cases there was an additive effect between the two CSFs in determining maximum colony size. For cases responding to both GM- and G-CSF, the total number of colonies formed in response to the combination of both CSFs was almost always less than additive compared with the number of colonies formed in response to the individual CSFs. Further, the AML-CFU responding to either GM-CSF or G-CSF could not be distinguished by surface markers or by the cytochemical staining pattern of the colonies. These results suggest that there is considerable overlap between the GM-CSF- and G-CSF-responsive AML-CFU subpopulations in most cases. For five of seven cases, the combination of GM-CSF and G-CSF could replace a leukocyte feeder layer in providing maximum growth stimulation. These results indicate that GM-CSF and G-CSF are active growth factors for AML cells and are frequently additive in promoting maximum colony size. PMID- 3495307 TI - Differentiation and maturation of functional T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus. I. Effect of irradiation of the thymus. PMID- 3495308 TI - Lethal effects of diquat and paraquat on developing frog embryos and 15-day-old tadpoles, Rana pipiens. PMID- 3495309 TI - A nonlinear measure of subalignment similarity and its significance levels. PMID- 3495311 TI - Sulphoxidation ability and thiol status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID- 3495310 TI - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation. AB - We studied the effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), bovine retractor penis muscle inhibitory factor and sodium nitroprusside, three stimulants of guanylate cyclase, on the in vitro aggregation of washed human platelets. Platelet aggregation induced either by collagen or by the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 was inhibited by all three agents. The anti-aggregatory effect of each agent was inhibited by haemoglobin. The anti-aggregatory effect of EDRF was potentiated by superoxide dismutase. These findings are discussed in relation to a potential role for EDRF in haemostasis. PMID- 3495312 TI - A study of antipolynucleotide antibodies, anti-Klebsiella (K30) antibodies and anti-DNA antibody idiotypes in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Recent studies have indicated that both ankylosing spondylitis and the anti-DNA antibodies found in systemic lupus erythematosus may be related to Klebsiella surface antigens. In order to explore these possible relationships further, the sera of 24 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and 20 controls, have been examined for binding to a wide range of antipolynucleotide antibodies, antibodies binding to the Klebsiella pneumoniae polysaccharide K30 and two DNA antibody idiotypes designated 16/6 and 134. We report that although 21% of the AS patients had IgG ssDNA antibodies it is evident that the aetiopathogenesis of this disease is not through the mechanism of autoantibodies or the common DNA antibody idiotypes tested. PMID- 3495313 TI - Reinforcement of bias in the medical literature: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the stomach--a case in point. PMID- 3495314 TI - The effects of road transportation on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in calves. PMID- 3495315 TI - Pathological eye-head coordination in roll: tonic ocular tilt reaction in mesencephalic and medullary lesions. AB - The fundamental pattern of coordinated eye-head roll motion is based upon utricular/saccular as well as vertical canal input, and mediated by the graviceptive pathways from the labyrinths via pontomedullary vestibular nuclei to the rostral midbrain tegmentum. The tonic bilateral graviceptive input stabilizes the eyes and head in the normal upright position. A unilateral lesion causes imbalance in vestibular tone in the roll plane which results in a tonic ipsiversive ocular tilt reaction (OTR). OTR, the triad of ipsilateral head tilt, skew deviation and ocular torsion, occurred as a tonic response (nonparoxysmal) persisting over months to years and was presumed to be due to upper brainstem lesions in 3 patients. Precise localization was limited because of the nature of the lesions. A reversible tonic OTR was seen with acute infarction of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata in 4 out of 11 patients. It may be explained by an ipsilateral lesion of the posterior canal pathways. Transient OTR seems not to be rare in acute Wallenberg's syndrome and ocular torsion in these patients is dysconjugate with predominant excyclotropia of the ipsilateral hypotropic eye. A deviation of the subjective visual vertical in the direction of the spontaneous head tilt--a previously undescribed feature of OTR--was present in all 7 patients and indicates a pathological shift of the internal representation of the gravitational vector. With respect to perception (subjective vertical) it is proposed that the manifest ipsiversive OTR represents a motor compensation of an apparent eye-head tilt contraversive to the lesioned side. Despite the resulting postural imbalance and the conflicting true vertical of the visual surround, the eyes, head and body are continuously adjusted to what the central nervous system erroneously computes as being vertical. PMID- 3495316 TI - Staining of magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei with vasopressin anti-idiotype antibody: a potential method for receptor immunocytochemistry. AB - A vasopressin anti-idiotype antibody was generated by immunization with a primary anti-vasopressin IgG. This antibody was capable of immunostaining vasopressinergic neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalami of normal and Brattleboro rats. Staining was eliminated by preabsorption or coincubation of the antibody with a vasopressin binding protein prepared from rat neural membranes. The anti-idiotype also inhibited binding of [3H]vasopressin to this neural membrane protein in a dose-dependent manner. These experiments suggest that the anti-idiotype antibody recognizes a receptor associated with vasopressinergic neurons. PMID- 3495317 TI - Inhibitory influence of corticotropin releasing factor on components of sexual behaviour in the male rat. AB - Acute microinfusions of ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) into the third cerebral ventricle (III vent.) of sexually experienced male rats produced a dose dependent suppression of masculine sexual behaviour. This inhibition of male sexual performance induced by CRF could be reversed by simultaneous infusions of naloxone, the opiate receptor antagonist, which when infused without CRF facilitated copulatory performance. These findings suggest that CRF can exert drastic effects on male reproductive behaviour through mechanisms which involve the activation of opioid pathways within the central nervous system. This CRF linked neurochemical signal may mediate some of the well-known deleterious effects of stressful and noxious stimuli on reproductive function. PMID- 3495318 TI - Microtubules of frog olfactory axons: their length and number/axon. AB - Counts of the number of microtubule profiles in cross-sections of axons of bullfrog olfactory nerves indicates that about 80% of them have 2 or 3 microtubules, regardless of whether one samples axons in the proximal or distal ends of the nerve. In the olfactory lobe of the brain, however, only 50% of the axon profiles showed 2 or 3 microtubules. In the brain, 30% of the olfactory axons showed 4 or more microtubule profiles, compared with only 4% in axons sampled from the nerve proper. By following microtubule profiles in sets of serial cross-sections of frog olfactory axons, data were obtained indicating that, in the olfactory nerve proper, the average length of the microtubules is about 400 microns. In olfactory axons sampled in the brain, however, the average microtubule length is about 5-fold less than that found for microtubules in the nerve proper. The evidence suggests that as the olfactory axons approach their synaptic terminations in the brain, the microtubules become fragmented into shorter segments which may reflect their depolymerization. PMID- 3495320 TI - Axotomy increases the conduction velocity of C-cells in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. AB - Axotomy produced an increase in the spike width and a decrease in amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization which followed the action potential in C-cells of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. Although no change in B-cell conduction velocity was noted, C-cell conduction velocity increased significantly and approached that of B-cells. This change may reflect a process of dedifferentiation prior to the initiation of regrowth following axotomy. PMID- 3495319 TI - Cerebral glucose consumption following verbal auditory stimulation. AB - We studied the effect of auditory stimulation upon cerebral glucose metabolism in young normals. The stimulus consisted of a non-English discourse which was presented monaurally to 10 normal blindfolded subjects (5 left ear, 5 right); the opposite ear was plugged. Six subjects studied blindfolded and with ears plugged served as controls. Sixteen discrete homologous cortical and subcortical regions of interest were examined. Regional glucose consumption and side-to-side differences in glucose metabolism were analyzed. Monaural stimulation produced significant increases in temporal metabolism contralateral to the side of stimulation. Significant asymmetries in metabolism were found at the temporoparietal junction, inferior parietal region, insula and corpus collosum. The left frontal speech areas remained unaffected. These findings demonstrate that in man the primary auditory pathways retain a contralateral organization. Further, cerebral activation induced by non-meaningful verbal stimulation is widespread within the left temporal and parietal regions but does not impact upon the frontal speech cortices. PMID- 3495321 TI - Effect of human recombinant interleukin (IL-2) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of burned patients. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been suggested to play a key role in the immune response. To investigate the effect of human recombinant IL-2 on proliferative and cytotoxic responses in burn patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 severely burned patients (body surface area (BSA) greater than 20 per cent) were studied in this way. Proliferative response measured by tritiated thymidine uptake was impaired from week 2 following injury. IL-2-activated cytotoxicity to NK-resistant target T24 was significantly impaired from week 2. To clarify if the defect in cytotoxic response is due to a decreased number of cell precursors or due to reduced responsiveness to IL-2, a limiting dilution assay was introduced. However, there was no reduction in precursor cell numbers. These data suggest that, in addition to impaired IL-2 production, there is an endogenous defect in IL-2 responsiveness. This may be of clinical importance since it is not possible to reverse this defect, at least in vitro. PMID- 3495322 TI - Clinical pharmacology. PMID- 3495323 TI - Malignant hyperthermia: a dilemma for the cardiac surgeon. AB - Malignant hyperthermia is an inherited disease of skeletal muscle characterized by acute elevations of body temperature. The hyperthermic crisis is triggered by a variety of drugs and by volatile anesthetics or it may occur in response to stress. In this report the authors describe the case of a patient with malignant hyperthermia who underwent emergency aortocoronary bypass surgery for unstable angina. They outline the anesthetic and surgical management for individuals susceptible to hyperthermic crises who require open-heart surgery. PMID- 3495324 TI - Iced gastric lavage: a tradition without foundation. PMID- 3495325 TI - Involvement of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the antitumor activity of spergualin against L1210 cells. AB - Spergualin exhibited a strong antitumor effect against L1210(IMC), a tumor cell line which has been maintained in BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 (hereafter called CD2F1) mice in the Institute of Microbial Chemistry. Mice inoculated i.p. with 10(5) cells of L1210(IMC) survived more than 60 days by daily i.p. administration of spergualin for 9 days at 5 mg/kg/day, which was started 1 day after the tumor inoculation. These cured mice rejected a second inoculation of 10(6) cells of L1210(IMC), but they did not reject the inoculation of 10(2) P388 cells. In Winn's tumor neutralization assay and in the 51Cr release assay, the T-cell fraction prepared from the spleens of the cured mice had higher cytotoxic activity against L1210(IMC) than whole spleen cells. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells was diminished by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-Lyt-2.1 antibody and complement. Therefore, the effector cells involved in the immunological rejection should be regarded as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. The cytotoxic activity of these T lymphocytes was measured during and after the spergualin administration for 9 days, and high activity was observed from 1 day after the final spergualin administration. The antitumor effect of spergualin against L1210(IMC) was much lower in T-cell-deficient athymic mice. These results suggest that cytotoxic T lymphocytes are involved in the antitumor action of spergualin against L1210(IMC) in vivo. PMID- 3495326 TI - Role of the thymus and T-cells in slow growth of B16 melanoma in old mice. AB - Clinical observations suggest that tumors grow more slowly in aged subjects. To investigate the influence of age on tumor growth, we injected the same number of cultured B16 melanoma cells into C57BL/6 mice of various ages. B16 melanoma cells, inoculated s.c., grew more slowly in old (18-20-month-old) as compared to young (6-8-week-old) mice. In young tumor-bearing mice there was a significant increase in the number and the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A of splenic T-cells as compared to old tumor-bearing animals. There was no difference in the response of B-lymphocytes from old and young tumor bearing mice to lipopolysaccharide. The positive association between T-cells and the rate of tumor growth was also suggested by the slower growth of melanoma cells in thymectomized or thymectomized and anti-theta antiserum-treated young mice. Finally, the age-associated difference in tumor growth could be transferred by spleen cells from old or young mice to thymectomized and lethally irradiated syngeneic young animals. Young mice with rapidly growing B16 melanoma tumors have increased numbers and proliferative responses of thymic-derived lymphocytes. It is likely that T-cells or their products facilitate the growth of B16 tumor cells. PMID- 3495327 TI - Antitumor xenograft activity with a conjugate of a Vinca derivative and the squamous carcinoma-reactive monoclonal antibody PF1/D. AB - The human squamous carcinoma-reactive murine monoclonal antibody PF1/D was used to derive a conjugate with the Vinca derivative 4-desacetylvinblastine-3 carboxyhydrazide (PF1/D-DAVLBHYD). This immunoconjugate was shown to be largely aggregate free and there was no loss of immunoreactivity postconjugation. When tested in vivo in a 3-day-established human squamous carcinoma nude mouse xenograft model, the PF1/D-DAVLBHYD conjugate eliminated tumor growth with three injections (days 3, 6, and 9) at 2 mg/kg Vinca content. Significant tumor suppression was also observed with 0.5 mg/kg conjugate doses. In contrast, free PF1/D antibody had minimal antitumor activity and no activity was seen with identical doses of a control non-tumor-binding IgG-DAVLBHYD conjugate. Together, these data demonstrate the specificity of the PF1/D-DAVLBHYD antitumor effects. PMID- 3495328 TI - Inhibition of H-ras oncogene transformation of NIH3T3 cells by protease inhibitors. AB - The protease inhibitors antipain, leupeptin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and epsilon aminocaproic acid were found to inhibit transformation of NIH3T3 cells after transfection with an activated H-ras oncogene. Inhibition of focus formation by protease inhibitors was concentration dependent and maximal at 50% of control values. Transfection of a gene for neomycin resistance was not affected by protease inhibitors. Antipain was inactive if present only during the first 2 days of the gene transfer protocol or only during the final 10 days of the experiment. However, the full effect was observed when antipain was added at the subculture step on day 3 and during the subsequent cell proliferation. If cells were not subcultured, the yield of the foci per microgram of DNA was sharply reduced and addition of antipain did not further suppress the transformation rate. Subculture of NIH3T3 cells 3 days after transfection at lower cell densities resulted in higher transformation efficiency. The results suggest that transformation of NIH3T3 cells by a single mutated oncogene may involve multiple stages including cell proliferation and that part of this process is susceptible to inhibition by protease inhibitors. PMID- 3495329 TI - Immunotoxins to a human melanoma-associated antigen: comparison of gelonin with ricin and other A chain conjugates. AB - Gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of Gelonium multiflorum, has been conjugated to antibodies. Previous reports have indicated variable potency of such immunotoxins. The lack of toxicity of gelonin, however, makes it attractive for immunoconjugate production. The ribosome-inactivating protein was covalently linked (using N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate) to monoclonal antibody, 9.2.27, directed to a human melanoma-associated glycoprotein/proteoglycan. The immunoconjugate showed high selectivity with dose dependent cytotoxic activity to cultured human melanoma cells (50% inhibitory dose; 1-3 X 10(-11) M versus antigen-positive cells; 1-3 X 10(-7) M versus antigen-negative cells). Specificity and immunoreactivity of the conjugate were similar to those of unconjugated antibody. Biodistribution studies with iodine trace-labeled conjugate in nude mice indicated that tumor localization of the gelonin conjugate was decreased compared to unconjugated antibody. However, a significant therapeutic effect of the conjugate was found with multiple but not single dose i.v. treatment in nude mice bearing established palpable melanoma. These in vivo experiments showed that gelonin conjugates are not toxic up to 2 mg total dose/mouse and significantly retarded the growth of established s.c. tumor. Comparison of gelonin conjugates in vitro and in vivo with other A-chain conjugates of 9.2.27 (abrin and ricin) indicated that gelonin had similar potency, better selectivity, better tumor localization, and more significant therapeutic effects. PMID- 3495330 TI - Age-related changes of natural antitumor resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats with T-cell depression. AB - We investigated the relationship between age-related changes in natural resistance and antitumor effects using a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR rat) strain which shows a progressive decline of the number of T-cells and their functions as a result of aging. The growth of a weakly antigenic mammary adenocarcinoma SST-2 was significantly suppressed in SHR rats ages 2 and 3 months, whereas in SHR rats ages 1 or 8 months no suppression of the tumor growth was observed. Splenic natural killer cell activity among the SHR rats was still low at 1 month, when the T-cell function is relatively intact; it reached a maximum level at 3 months and thereafter rapidly decreased. On the other hand, the cytostatic activity of peritoneal macrophages, which is also low at 1 month and becomes high at 3 months, thereafter remained at high levels until 8 months of age. That is, the kinetics of natural killer cell activity during the aging processes runs parallel to the function of suppressing tumor growth. Treatment with anti-asialomonoganglioside antiserum abrogated the suppressive activity of SST-2 tumor growth in 3-month-old SHR rats. Treatment with double stranded RNA polyinosinate-polycytidylate, an interferon inducer, produced significant suppression of the tumor growth in SHR rats ages 3 and 8 months. These results suggest that the participation of natural killer cells is a principal effector mechanism in the suppression of SST-2 tumor growth in SHR rats ages 2 and 3 months. PMID- 3495331 TI - Development of prelymphoma cells committed to thymic lymphomas during radiation induced thymic lymphomagenesis in B10 mice. AB - Intrathymic (i.t.) as well as i.p. injection of thymus cells from B10.Thy-1.1 mice manifesting overt thymic lymphomas, 4 months after split-dose irradiation, into B10.Thy-1.2 recipient mice resulted in the development of donor-type T-cell lymphomas, indicating that they contained "autonomous" lymphoma cells. In contrast, injection of thymus cells from apparently nonleukemic mice 1 month after split-dose irradiation resulted in the development of donor-type tumors only when they were injected i.t., suggesting that thymus cells from these mice contained "preneoplastic" cells that will eventually develop into thymic lymphomas under the influence of thymic microenvironment. These "thymus dependent" preneoplastic cells were termed "thymic prelymphoma cells." With the use of i.t. injection assay, it was shown that these thymic prelymphoma cells were detected in 26.1% (6 of 23) of the test donor thymuses when examined at 14 days and in more than 63% (15 of 24 and 14 of 22) when examined at 21 and 31 days after irradiation. To examine the possibility that thymic prelymphoma cells might appear first in the bone marrow before they become detectable within the thymuses of the split-dose-irradiated mice, bone marrow cells from B10.Thy-1.1 donors recovered at 8, 14, 21, and 33 days after split-dose irradiation were also injected i.t. into B10.Thy-1.2-recipient mice. The results indicated that none of these recipients developed donor-type T-cell lymphomas, suggesting that bone marrow is not the first site of the appearance of thymic prelymphoma cells. PMID- 3495332 TI - Influences of strain and diet on the promoting effects of sodium L-ascorbate in two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats. AB - The influences of strain and diet on the promoting effects of sodium L-ascorbate (SA) on two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis was investigated in male F344 and Lewis rats. Two kinds of commercial basal diets, Oriental MF and Clea CA-1, were used. Rats were given 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then basal diet with 5% SA or without SA for 32 weeks. Treatment with SA increased the induction of neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder in rats initiated by 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. The promoting effect of SA for urinary bladder carcinogenesis was: F344 strain Oriental MF diet greater than Lewis strain-Clea CA-1 diet greater than F344 strain-Clea CA-1 diet = Lewis stain-Oriental MF diet. In both strains or with both diets, SA-treatment increased the urinary pH and the concentrations of sodium ion and total ascorbic acid. These results demonstrate that strain and diet strongly influence susceptibility to the SA-promoting effects in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. PMID- 3495333 TI - Increase of rat pulmonary microvascular permeability to albumin by recombinant interleukin-2. AB - Immunotherapy with the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), with or without lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, offers a new approach to the treatment of solid tumors. Unfortunately, most patients receiving IL-2 and LAK cells develop a "third space syndrome" from a presumed generalized increase of vascular permeability. We have investigated the role of IL-2 on lung fluid balance, by measuring changes in lung water and albumin intake. Rats were injected with IL-2 500,000 U i.p. three times a day for 1 to 4 days. At the completion of the injections, lungs were isolated and perfused, and total lung water (TLW) and 125I albumin uptake were measured. After 1 day of injections, TLW increased from 4.90 +/- 0.14 to 5.57 +/- 0.34 ml/g dry lung and albumin uptake nearly doubled from 0.47 +/- 0.08 to 0.91 +/- 0.28 cm3/s/g dry lung X 10(-3). Longer injection periods increased both TLW and albumin uptake further. After 2 days, TLW and albumin uptake were also significantly increased by 160,000 U i.p. three times a day, but not by 40,000 or 10,000 U. To eliminate possible contributions to increased permeability by (a) LAK cells generated in vivo, or (b) circulating leukocytes, we isolated lungs from normal rats and perfused them for 5 min with a cell-free perfusate containing IL-2 (2, 10, or 5 X 10(-3) U/ml) excipient or 0.9% NaCl placebo. TLW was similar in all groups, but albumin uptake was significantly increased by 10,000 and 50,000 U/ml (0.94 +/- 0.15 and 0.82 +/- 0.16 cm3/s/g dry lung X 10(-3), respectively), but not by 2,000 U/ml. We conclude that lung microvascular albumin permeability is increased following administration of IL-2 in vivo and in vitro. We suggest that LAK cells are not required for the initiation of increased permeability and that IL-2 may have some direct effect on the pulmonary microvasculature. PMID- 3495335 TI - Drug eruption localized to previously irradiated skin. PMID- 3495334 TI - Synergistic effect of recombinant interleukin-2 on the inhibition of growth of adenocarcinoma 755 by mitomycin. AB - The increase in life-span (ILS) of tumor-bearing mice caused by recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) was studied in the solid tumor adenocarcinoma 755 system. With long-term treatment (Days 5-12), RIL-2 (10(5) U/mouse) showed a weak effect (24% ILS), but short-term RIL-2 treatment (Days 5-8 or 9-12) had hardly any effect. Mitomycin, at 2 mg/kg (maximum nontoxic dose), caused 35% ILS with Days 5 8 treatment and only 12% ILS with Days 9-12 treatment. Sequential treatment with mitomycin (Days 5-8) and RIL-2 (Days 9-12) markedly enhanced antitumor activity (88% ILS). This value is significantly greater than that of mitomycin alone or RIL-2 alone (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, mitomycin followed by RIL-2 markedly augmented killing activity of spleen cells that are cytotoxic in vitro. These results indicate that RIL-2 markedly affects the inhibition of growth of a tumor treated with an antitumor agent. PMID- 3495336 TI - Reoperation in patients with coronary graft disease. PMID- 3495337 TI - Operative management of coronary artery disease with poor left ventricular function. AB - In order to evaluate CABG in patients with depressed left ventricular function, 117 patients with an EF under 35 percent were analyzed. All patients had angina pectoris. Congestive heart failure was present in 38 percent, and one or more myocardial infarctions in 90 percent. The period of followup was up to 72 months. The hospital mortality rate was 4 percent and the late mortality rate 6 percent. Although ideal randomized trials comparing surgical and medical therapy in patients with angina and depressed left ventricular function are not available, we nevertheless believe that CABG should be available to this subset of patients. The majority of these patients will derive clinical benefit from CABG. PMID- 3495338 TI - Surgical coronary reperfusion during acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 3495339 TI - [Biotherapy--reality or fantasy?]. PMID- 3495340 TI - Thyroxine accelerates the differentiation of granular convoluted tubule cells and the appearance of epidermal growth factor in the submandibular gland of the neonatal mouse. A fine-structural immunocytochemical study. AB - The effects of the administration of thyroxine (T4) on the postnatal cytodifferentiation of granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the submandibular gland (SMG) of Lewiss-Webster mice were studied by light and electron microscopy. From birth, mice of both sexes were injected daily with T4 (sc 0.4 micrograms/g BW) and were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection at 7, 9, 11, 14 and 21 days of age. Control mice received vehicle only. In control mice, granulated striated duct (SD) cells were first detected at 9 days and 7 days of age by light- and electron microscopy, respectively. Furthermore, a few scattered granulated SD cells were observed by light microscopy as early as day 7 in T4-treated mice of both sexes. At 21 days of age, in mice given T4, GCT cells were larger and more numerous and the Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretion granules were more abundant. In control mice, immunocytochemical staining for epidermal growth factor-(EGF) was first detectable at day 21 at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. However, positively stained cells were first observed in T4-treated mice by light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry at 14 and 11 days of age, respectively. Moreover, in the 21-day-old T4-treated mice, the number of immunoreactive GCT cells, as well as the intensity of the staining per cell, was markedly increased as compared to controls. EGF immunostaining was restricted to GCT cells, and by immuno-electron-microscopy was only seen in apical secretory granules in granulated SD cells and GCT cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495341 TI - Prevalence of untreated disease in rural Zimbabwe. PMID- 3495342 TI - Retro-Gasserian glycerol injection in the treatment of chronic cluster headache. AB - Seven therapy-resistant patients with cluster headache (six of whom were chronic) were treated by percutaneous retro-Gasserian glycerol injections under general anesthesia. In four of the patients immediate and complete relief of attacks was obtained. There was a close correlation between pain relief and the degree of ophthalmic sensory loss. Quantitative estimation of thresholds for thermal perception and pain showed a good correlation to clinically evaluated sensory loss. As the analgesia waned, headaches returned, and the glycerol injections had to be repeated. Two patients were still considerably improved after 5 1/2 and nearly 3 years, respectively. In the other patients the results were less satisfactory at long-term follow-up study. Pure glycerol is highly hypertonic, and the damage of the trigeminal nerve root may be due to this property. PMID- 3495343 TI - Extrachromosomal DNA substrates in pre-B cells undergo inversion or deletion at immunoglobulin V-(D)-J joining signals. AB - Sequences encoding immunoglobulin variable domains are known to be assembled from variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments by site-specific recombination. We present a sensitive and rapid assay for V-(D)-J recombination that uses plasmid DNA transiently introduced into transformed pre-B cells, and demonstrates that the recombination is independent of any unique chromosomal context. Sequences sufficient to constitute recombination sites are contained within the 84 and 42 bp flanking, respectively, the murine J kappa 1 and V kappa L8 segments, which include the known heptamer-nonamer V-(D)-J joining signals. Deletion and inversion occur at comparable frequencies. Thus, V-(D)-J recombination may be relatively insensitive to the topological arrangement of sites, and events at the two novel junctions produced by the reaction may be coupled. PMID- 3495344 TI - Anti-asialo GM1 eliminates both inflammatory process and cytotoxic T-cell function in the lymphocytic choriomeningitis adoptive transfer model. AB - The induction of severe inflammatory process and fatal neurological disease by transfer of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-immune T cells into cyclophosphamide (Cy)-suppressed LCMV-infected mice is greatly inhibited by treatment of these recipients with antibody to the asialo GM1 ganglioside (anti ASGM1). Examination of cytotoxic activity in lymphoid tissue of the Cy-suppressed recipients at 72 hr after cell transfer revealed that anti-ASGM1 treatment prevented the development of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, even though the dose of antibody used did not significantly decrease CTL generation in unsuppressed mice. Abrogation of CTL activity was also observed following antibody treatment of NK-deficient (bg/bg) Cy-suppressed recipients, indicating that the anti-ASGM1 was unlikely to be operating via removal of NK cells that are in some way involved in the development of the CTL response. The possibility that anti-ASGM1 may act directly on T cells should be considered in all protocols involving the use of this reagent in immunosuppressed mice. PMID- 3495346 TI - Long-term-cultured mouse B-lymphocyte line. I. Establishment and characterization of mouse B-lymphocyte line. AB - Mouse B-cell line was established by culturing anti-Thy-1 antibody and complement treated splenic B cells with the conditioned medium of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell-culture supernatant. At the eighth week of culture, it was revealed that 100% of the long-term-cultured cells had both cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulin. These cells were then maintained in the conditioned medium together with T-cell-depleted splenic and then splenic adherent feeder cells. Flow cytometric studies of the B-cell line showed that they had surface mu, delta, and kappa but no gamma, lambda, Lyt-1, or Lyt-2. The growth of the B-cell line was dependent on the factor(s) derived from concanavalin A-stimulated conditioned medium. It was found that IL-2 was the major factor supporting the B cell growth. The B-cell line did not secrete immunoglobulin spontaneously, but it could differentiate into antibody-forming cells through the stimulation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The technique for obtaining mouse B-cell lines are reproducible in our laboratory and one of those lines has been propagated and maintained for 16 months to the present. PMID- 3495345 TI - In vitro effects of retinoids on murine thymus-dependent and thymus-independent mitogenesis. AB - The effects of three retinoids: all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA), and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) on murine splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens were evaluated. The responses to T cell mitogens, PHA and Con A, and a T-cell-dependent B-cell mitogen, PWM were significantly potentiated by these retinoids. However proliferative responses to a B-cell mitogen, Escherichia coli LPS were unaffected or inhibited. All three retinoids at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-15) M significantly potentiated Con A-induced proliferative responses. In response to PWM, 10(-13) M RA, 10(-12) M 13-cis RA, and 10(-11) M 4-HPR were the lowest concentrations producing significant potentiation. Endpoint concentrations of retinoids significantly potentiating responses to PHA were; 10(-9) M RA, 10(-8) M 13-cis RA, and 10(-6) M 4-HPR. These responses were independent of retinol contained in fetal calf serum supplemented medium since responses were reproduced in serum free medium devoid of retinol. Optimal potentiation by retinoids of responses to these T-cell-dependent mitogens were found at superoptimal concentrations of mitogen suggesting a selective inhibition of T-suppressor cells. Thus, potentiation of T-cell-dependent mitogen responses provides the most sensitive biological assay yet described for detection of retinoid activity and is a reproducible system to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of retinoid mediated immunopotentiation. PMID- 3495347 TI - Cyclosporine inhibition of CH series murine B-cell lymphomas. AB - To investigate the mechanisms by which cyclosporine (CsA) inhibits B-cell function, the effect of this agent on murine B-lymphoma cell lines of the CH series was tested. These lymphomas appear to be derived from a restricted B-cell population on the basis of their common expression of the Ly-1 cell surface marker and autoantibody products. Proliferation of each of the six cell lines tested was inhibited by CsA at doses without effect on the nonlymphoid HeLa cell line. The cell lines, however, differed from each other in their sensitivity to this agent. To correlate this sensitivity to other functional B-cell properties, the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation of the CH cell lines was tested. Three of the lines showed enhanced proliferation to LPS; two were inhibited while one was unaffected. The cell lines that responded with increased proliferation to LPS were the most sensitive to CsA. These results indicate that sensitivity to CsA may be a common property of B cells of certain lineages, although the degree of sensitivity may be influenced by the activation properties of these cells. PMID- 3495348 TI - The role of lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen. II. Distribution and correlation with cell cycle. AB - It has previously been shown that killer-blocking monoclonal antibody (KBA MAb) recognizes lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen (LAA) involved in broad reactive killer. (BRK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We now report that LAA is expressed on all lymphoid cells, though the amount of LAA on unstimulated lymphocytes is low. In contrast, lymphocytes activated in vitro with either concanavalin A, alloantigens, lipopolysaccharide, or recombinant interleukin 2 express high levels of LAA. In addition, in vivo activated lymphocytes, such as OK-432-activated lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes express higher levels of LAA than unstimulated lymphocytes. We also demonstrate that the expression of LAA is restricted in T-cell lymphomas and a M phi cell line, while myelomas, fibrosarcomas, and carcinomas do not express LAA. Cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide and KBA MAb showed that LAA expression was closely correlated with the transition of cells from G1a to G1b phase. PMID- 3495349 TI - Modulation of ongoing human immunoglobulin synthesis by natural killer cells. AB - Freshly separated human NK cells (NKH-1+) inhibited IgE synthesis from IgE myeloma U266/AF-10 as much as 70% whereas they enhanced IgG and IgA synthesis 200 and 500% from the lymphoblastoid cell lines GM-1500 and GM-1056, respectively. The inhibition of IgE synthesis by NK cells was due to a direct cytolytic effect on AF-10. This could be reversed using K562 cells in a cold target competition assay. NK cells also inhibited spontaneous IgE as well as IgG and IgA synthesis from B cells of highly atopic donors. On the other hand the enhancement of Ig secretion by NKH-1+ cells was shown to be mediated by soluble factors released from NK cells. Furthermore when NK cells were preincubated with immune complexes (IgE-IC) constructed of human IgE and mouse IgG1 monoclonal anti-human IgE, inhibition of IgE synthesis was reversed, and in some cases actual enhancement of IgE synthesis was observed, while enhancement of IgG and IgA synthesis was not affected. In contrast to NK cells, T cells depleted of NK cells (T-NK), when activated by IgE-IC, suppressed IgE synthesis in an isotype specific fashion. Thus, NK and T-cell modulation of ongoing Ig synthesis involve distinct mechanisms. PMID- 3495350 TI - The acute inflammatory process in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis is dependent on Lyt-2+ immune T cells. AB - Virus-immune spleen cells induce fatal immunopathology following adoptive transfer into adult C57B1/6J mice that have been infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. This is accompanied by the development of potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity of donor origin in the recipient spleen. Both the capacity to trigger the acute meningitis observed at 72 hr and to generate CTL effectors in lymphoid tissue are completely abrogated by the removal of Lyt-2+ cells from the donor population. However a lower level of inflammatory process in the central nervous system may emerge, in the absence of significant CTL function in recipient spleen, by 5 days after transfer of the Lyt-2-depleted cell population. Treatment of the transferred cells with antibody to the L3T4 marker does not reduce either the severity of inflammation or the level of CTL effector function in the recipient. Thus Lyt-2+ cells are required for the acute, fatal immunopathology characteristic of LCM, but it is not clear that in a more chronic situation, they are the sole effectors capable of triggering inflammatory process in this disease. PMID- 3495352 TI - Monoclonal antibody to a nucleolar antigen of human B-lymphoblastoid cells. AB - An anti-nucleolar monoclonal antibody reacting with human B-lymphoblastoid cells but not with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes has been isolated. The antibody recognized in Namalwa cells an antigen with molecular mass 41 kDa and pI 5.6, different from all previously described nucleolar antigens. Inhibition of rRNA transcription with Actinomycin D caused redistribution of the 41/5.6 antigen, but even at long term drug action it remains associated with the nucleolar remnants. PMID- 3495351 TI - Influence of immunoglobulin isotypes and lymphoid cell phenotype on the transfer of immune complexes to follicular dendritic cells. AB - Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are located only inside lymph follicles and are characterized mainly by their capacity to retain high amounts of immune complexes by their Fc or C3b receptors. In this work, we examine the influence of immunoglobulin isotypes and the subset of lymphoid cells (B or T) upon the transfer of immune complexes from lymphocytes to FDC. FDC isolated from mice lymph nodes by enzymatic digestion are able to fix, through Fc receptors, gold labeled immune complexes presented by lymphoid cells. As demonstrated by electron microscopy, this transfer requires the establishment of close contacts between both cell types. Using different cell selection techniques we show that B lymphoid cells take up immune complexes more efficiently than do T lymphoid cells and transfer a larger number of them to FDC. This transfer mechanism is dependent on the immunoglobulin isotype: immune complexes constituted of IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG1 isotypes are better transferred to FDC than those constituted of IgG3 and IgM. PMID- 3495353 TI - [Determination of SP1 in the serum of pregnant diabetics]. PMID- 3495354 TI - [Manifestation of diabetes in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3495355 TI - [Acute damage in the vestibular apparatus after skull injuries]. PMID- 3495356 TI - [Histiocytosis X of the temporal bone in children]. PMID- 3495357 TI - [Irido-corneal endothelial syndrome apropos of a case of essential atrophy of the iris]. PMID- 3495358 TI - [The Tritan album: a pseudo-isochromatic album for the diagnosis of blue-yellow dyschromatopsias]. PMID- 3495359 TI - [The ophthalmic zona-ipsilateral cerebral ischemia syndrome]. PMID- 3495360 TI - [Importance of the Krupin-Denver valve in irido-endothelial syndromes]. PMID- 3495362 TI - Man-made mineral fibres and lung cancer: the risk to workers. AB - This first issue of the 1987 Bulletin of the World Health Organization launches a new department-"WHO News and Activities".In this section readers will continue to find notes such as have traditionally been published under "WHO Scientific activities". They will in addition find news items of the kind previously reported in the WHO Chronicle- whose publication, as announced in the previous two issues of the Bulletin, is being suspended for financial reasons until the end of 1989.It is hoped that this section and the new department entitled "WHO Recent publications" will enable readers to keep abreast of what WHO is doing and publishing in a scientific vein. Less technical news items and publication announcements will henceforth be carried in World Health Forum; for subscription information, please see page 129. PMID- 3495361 TI - Immunological aspects of the prevention of viral diseases. WHO Workshop. AB - This article summarizes the conclusions of a WHO Workshop which reviewed the role of immunological mechanisms in protection against and recovery from virus diseases. Antibodies are important for preventing infection from some viruses, e.g., influenza virus. In contrast, cell-mediated immunity is more important in the process of recovery from an already established infection. Furthermore, while antibodies are extremely specific in their action, cell-mediated immunity exhibits a greater degree of cross-reactivity. This finding could be useful in designing potential vaccines, particularly attenuated virus vaccines using molecular biological methods. Such an approach could be valuable for poliomyelitis vaccine, whose RNA sequence has now been determined. The possibility of using recombinant vaccinia viruses as a potential vector for other virus antigens is also discussed. PMID- 3495363 TI - Drug treatment as an onchocerciasis control measure. PMID- 3495364 TI - Development of vaccines against shigellosis: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - Endemic shigellosis is a worldwide problem, with a high morbidity rate in most developing countries; substantial mortality may also occur, especially with disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. The limited efficacy of current measures to control this infection makes the development of vaccines for the prevention of shigellosis particularly important. This Memorandum describes the clinical features of and immunity to shigellosis, summarizes the present status of efforts to develop suitable vaccines, and lists the topics that should be given priority in research. PMID- 3495365 TI - Influence of route of administration on the pharmaco-kinetics of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chloroquine following a single oral dose of 600 mg or an intramuscular injection of 200 mg of the drug was studied in seven healthy adult Africans. Each subject received chloroquine by both routes, with an interval of at least 4 months between them. Intramuscular injection led to rapid absorption of chloroquine, which attained a maximum concentration in plasma after 15 minutes and occasionally reached toxic levels; plasma levels fell below therapeutically useful concentrations 2-4 hours after administration. In contrast, oral administration of chloroquine produced therapeutic levels of the drug within 30 minutes and were maintained for up to 3 days. Peak levels in plasma were not high enough to produce adverse reactions. The terminal half-life and renal clearance time of chloroquine were not influenced by route of administration. PMID- 3495366 TI - Increased accumulation of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in homozygous sickle cells. AB - The effect of haemoglobin genotype on the level of chloroquine in the erythrocytes of homozygous sickle-cell (SS), normal (AA), and heterozygous (AS) subjects was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Two hours after a single oral dose of chloroquine its level in plasma was consistently lower in SS than in AA subjects. In contrast, its level in the erythrocytes was higher in SS than in AA subjects. Desethylchloroquine, a metabolite of chloroquine, was detected only in the erythrocytes of SS blood but was present in both the plasma and erythrocytes of AA blood. For the in vitro test, a 5% suspension of erythrocytes was incubated for 1 hour with a 2.06 mumol/l solution of chloroquine. The mean chloroquine distribution ratio (mumol chloroquine per kg erythrocytes:mumol chloroquine per litre medium) was 31.0, 3.5, and 2.7 for SS, AA, and AS erythrocytes, respectively. The results of the study indicate that haemoglobin genotype appears to influence the level of chloroquine in erythrocytes. PMID- 3495367 TI - Brugian filariasis: 10-year follow-up study on the effectiveness of selective chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine on Che Ju island, Republic of Korea. AB - The results of a 10-year follow-up of Brugia malayi microfilarial (mf) carrier rates in seven villages on Che Ju island and adjacent islets are reported; four villages initially received large-scale selective treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and three served as untreated controls. Some 90% of the total population took part in the pre-treatment blood survey and 82% of the detected mf carriers completed a course of treatment with 72 mg DEC per kg body weight over a period of 24 days.In the DEC-treated villages 92% of the mf carriers were negative one year after the treatment: the mf rate fell from 18.2% to 3.3%, the median mf density (MfD-50) changed from 28.4 to 5.2 mf/20 mm(3) blood, and the infectivity rate in Aedes togoi fell from 5.5% to nil. Ten years later these parameters had risen only slightly to 4.1%, 5.7 mf/20 mm(3) blood, and 0.3%, respectively. By contrast, in the untreated control villages none of these parameters changed significantly during the same period.Thus, selective DEC treatment of detected mf carriers is an excellent control measure for human filariasis as it is readily acceptable by the inhabitants and is cost-effective. Suitable intervals between treatments would be 8-10 years in areas where the mf prevalence rate is 10% or over, and 12-15 years where the prevalence is less than 10%. PMID- 3495368 TI - Application of case management to the control of acute respiratory infections in low-birth-weight infants: a feasibility study. AB - The feasibility of introducing a case management programme for acute respiratory infections among low-birth-weight infants at the primary health care level was investigated in 37 villages in the Indian state of Haryana. Twenty-one of the villages served as the intervention area, while the remaining 16 formed the control area. All low-birth-weight infants born in the two areas between January 1982 and September 1983 (199 in the intervention area and 211 in the control area) were included in the study. Primary health care workers were contacted in 38% of episodes of acute respiratory infections in the intervention area, in contrast to only 1% of episodes in the control area. Also, the mean duration of infections in the intervention area was significantly lower (P<0.01), while the case fatality was about 33% of that in the control area. The results indicate that the programme can be successfully incorporated into existing primary health care infrastructures. PMID- 3495369 TI - Use of iron supplements in infancy: a field trial. AB - Iron-deficiency anaemia in infancy, which is an important public health problem even in countries where gross malnutrition is not prevalent, can be prevented by iron supplementation or by fortification of infant foods with iron. A programme of iron supplementation was carried out in two places in Israel through the Maternal and Child Health services in the course of their routine duties. Though 89% of the mothers complied and gave iron supplements to their infants for a period of 1-9 months, only 26% continued for the full 9 months. A stastically significant difference was found in the haemoglobin and mean erythrocyte volume levels between the iron-supplemented group and the controls. The results indicate that the use of a higher daily dose of iron for a shorter period might lead to better compliance and greater benefits. PMID- 3495370 TI - Perinatal mortality in southern Brazil: a population-based study of 7392 births. AB - Perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality rates were determined in a population of 7392 babies born in hospitals in Pelotas (total population, 260 000) during 1982. These babies represented over 99% of all births in the city in that year. The perinatal mortality rate for singletons was 31.9 per 1000 total births, the fetal mortality rate being 16.2 and the early neonatal mortality rate 15.9 per 1000 total births.The most important variable influencing perinatal mortality was birth weight; low-birth-weight babies were 17 times more likely to die in the perinatal period than those weighing 2500 g or more. Perinatal mortality was also strongly influenced by socio-economic status, which was measured by family income. Babies belonging to the poorest families were 3 times more likely to die during the perinatal period than those in families with the highest incomes. Other variables significantly associated with perinatal mortality were gestational age, maternal age, maternal weight and height, reproductive history, attendance in antenatal clinics, parity, and birth interval. Information on most of these risk factors can easily be obtained by health workers at the beginning of pregnancy and should be taken into consideration when allocating women to the proper level of care. PMID- 3495371 TI - Inhibition by elastase inhibitors of the formyl Met Leu Phe-induced chemotaxis of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Rat leukocyte elastase has been purified successively by AH-Sepharose Kappa elastin affinity chromatography and by ion exchange chromatography on a carboxymethyl Sephadex resin. It has great similarities with human leukocyte elastase in its molecular weight, substrate specificity and inhibitory profile. The effect of rat leukocyte elastase inhibitors in influencing the chemotactic response of rat PMN to fMetLeuPhe has been compared to that of other proteinase inhibitors. The results indicated that oleoyl (Ala)2ProValCH2Cl, a specific inhibitor of human and rat leukocyte elastases and Eglin C, which also inhibits human and rat cathepsin G, are among the powerful inhibitors of rat PMN chemotaxis induced by the formyl oligopeptide. This suggests that these neutral proteinases, in addition to their known participation in connective tissue catabolism, could play a role in PMN locomotion and chemotaxis. PMID- 3495372 TI - Relationship between melanin content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver of various species of animals. AB - The scavenger effect of melanin and of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on superoxide anion has been shown. In this work we show the relationship between melanin content and SOD activity in livers containing different quantities of melanin which were taken from various species of animals. The mitochondrial SOD activity disappears when the melanin content in the liver is very high; moreover it increases, in the liver of various species of animals examined, proportionally to the decrease of melanin content. No significant variation of the SOD activity localized in the soluble fraction has been detected when related to the melanin content. We think that in the pigmented liver the antioxidant activity of the melanin could mimic part of the function of SOD. The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. PMID- 3495373 TI - The mid-arm circumference in healthy eastern Nigerian children. A nutritional clinical anthropometric parameter. AB - The mid-arm circumference in 900 healthy Nigerian children drawn from the eastern part of the country was studied in a cross-sectional fashion from age 2 years to 10 years. The subjects were obtained from schools and maternity centres and the figures were derived from the right arm for the 3rd, 50th, 90th and 97th centiles of these growing children. Graphs were then plotted for the centiles and the means of the male group and the female group. The values were compared with those obtained in other countries and the WHO modified Wolanski's standards. Values were also compared with the height of these growing children and a valuable read off graph correlating the two parameters plotted. The importance of the MAC in mass survey nutritional campaigns is discussed. The technique of the Shakir strip is upheld and a demarking range method of obtaining normal range values for children above 5 years is suggested as an alternative to the useful Quakir stick technique. PMID- 3495374 TI - Cardiovascular effects of calcitonin gene-related peptides I and II in man. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in sensory nerve fibers in the heart and around peripheral arteries. On interaction with specific CGRP binding sites and activation of adenylate cyclase, CGRP causes vasodilation and has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. In the present study, human CGRP I and II exerted positive inotropic effects on isolated human right auricles and relaxed small arteries from human skeletal muscle precontracted with norepinephrine (EC50 for CGRP I 0.59 nM and for CGRP II 0.37 nM). CGRP I and II (3.2 nmol) administered i.v. to 6 normal subjects exerted positive inotropic actions on the human heart concomitant with positive chronotropic effects, hypotension, and vasodilation. CGRP may, therefore, be of importance for cardiovascular control in man. PMID- 3495375 TI - Stapedius reflex and cerebellopontine angle tumours. AB - The stapedius reflex was investigated in 61 patients with cerebellopontine angle tumours, in order to evaluate the reliability of the reflex-decay test in VIIIth nerve disorders. The reflex was completely normal in 11% of the patients. The 2 most frequently observed abnormalities were (1) an absence of the reflex when stimulating the ear on the side of the tumour, and (2) the conjunction of pathological reflex-decay at 0.5 kHz with a unilateral threshold elevation and/or absence of the reflex at other frequencies. The decay test was normal in one third of the patients with a preserved reflex. PMID- 3495376 TI - The neurochemical and clinical effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine in small animals. AB - The recent discovery that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes a syndrome of Parkinsonism in man and monkey has stimulated the search for a small animal model of Parkinsonism. In this study, MPTP was administered to a series of small animals and observations made on clinical and neurochemical changes. The clinical effects of MPTP in rabbits, guinea pigs, and rats were short lived, and no chronic Parkinsonian syndrome developed. The C57 black mouse, however, although also not showing clinical changes, proved to be an ideal neurochemical model in which to study the effects of MPTP since striatal dopamine levels were reliably reduced to 13% of control values after 4 intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg MPTP. Pathological study of the striatum and substantia nigra in the mouse model failed to show any alteration in neuronal morphology or numbers. Although the effect of MPTP on striatal dopamine lasted for up to 2 weeks after the last MPTP injection, the possibility exists that no neurotoxic effects occur and the observed dopamine depletion is pharmacological only. PMID- 3495377 TI - Increased percentage of activated Ia+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of neonates following exchange blood transfusion. AB - The expression of Ia-like antigens in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from newborns receiving postnatal total blood exchange was analyzed. A significantly increased percentage of Ia-positive T lymphocytes (Ia+ T cells) was observed 2 days after postnatal transfusion with total blood in comparison to data observed on Days 0, 5, and 15. Ia+ T cells were also significantly higher than in normal control newborns tested in the same period. When newborns received the blood exchange with irradiated total blood or with leukocyte-depleted blood, no increase in Ia+ T cells was observed and the percentage of these cells remained in the normal range (1-7%) on all the days tested (0, 2, 5, 15 days). For easy identification of the origin of Ia+ T cells, sex-incompatible blood was used for exchange, and a karyotype analysis was carried out for the detection of the Y chromosome on Ia+ T cells separated from peripheral blood on Day 2 and then cultured with interleukin 2 (IL-2) for 48 hr. It was thus established that Ia+ T cells were not of donor origin. Simultaneously with the expression of Ia-like antigens, host T cells also carried the interleukin-2 receptor (TAC). An allogeneic response, comparable to a host-versus-graft reaction, was probably responsible for the activation of T cells 2 days after total blood exchange in newborns. PMID- 3495378 TI - T-lymphocyte polyclonal proliferation: effects of stress and stress response style on medical students taking national board examinations. AB - This study investigated the effects of stress and stress response style on T lymphocyte polyclonal proliferation (TLPP). The TLPP levels of 15 medical students taking NBME Part I were compared to those of a matched (on age and sex) sample of students not taking exams and hospital employees. All subjects completed the Impact of Events Scale to measure recent stress levels and style of responding to stress. TLPP data for both experimental and control groups, pre- and post-boards, were analyzed via a 2 X 2 factorial analysis of variance. Results indicated a significant main effect for the NBME stress vs control conditions and a significant interaction between stress response style (avoidance vs intrusion) and NBME stress vs control conditions. TLPP levels were significantly depressed (relative to the controls) for the NBME stress group 1 week after examinations. Furthermore, those students whose stress response style was characterized by intrusion were significantly more immunosuppressed than those characterized by an avoidance stress response style. Four- and six-week follow-up measures of TLPP were taken on 10 and 11 NBME group students, respectively. Follow-up results, analyzed via t tests, indicated that TLPP levels were significantly suppressed for 4 weeks but returned to initial normal levels at 6 weeks. Results are discussed in terms of needed research examining the mechanism of stress intruders' susceptibility to stress-induced immunosuppression and the possible clinical significance of brief periods of stress-induced decrements in TLPP levels. PMID- 3495379 TI - Suppression of collagen arthritis in rats by heterologous anti-idiotypic antisera against anticollagen antibodies. AB - Affinity-purified rat anti-type II collagen antibodies were used to prepare anti idiotypic antibodies in rabbits. It has been demonstrated that such anti idiotypic antibodies are capable of binding to anti-type II collagen antibodies in vitro. Intravenous administration of heterologous anti-idiotypic antisera at the time of immunization with type II collagen resulted in a significant suppression of anti-type II collagen antibody formation and the development of arthritis, although delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test response to type II collagen was not affected. However, treatment of rats with heterologous anti idiotypic antisera at Day 7 after immunization was ineffective in altering disease expression. On the other hand, treatment with heterologous anti-idiotypic antisera had no significant suppressive effect on the incidence or severity of adjuvant arthritis. These results indicate that the effect of heterologous anti idiotypic antisera directed toward anti-type II collagen antibodies is disease specific and is restricted to collagen arthritis. PMID- 3495380 TI - Vasospastic angina mimicking graft failure and spontaneously appearing after left ventriculography. AB - A 49-year-old female with significant (75%) left main coronary artery stenosis was initially considered to have developed early obstruction of a saphenous vein graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery, because of recurrent postoperative angina. In a second catheterization study, left ventriculography showed normal contractility of all segments and was immediately followed by the onset of angina and angiographic demonstration of diffuse spasm of the entire left coronary artery system beyond the stenosis. Vasospasm of the left coronary artery before or during ventriculography was unlikely in the absence of regional contractility impairment. The close temporal association between the left ventricular angiogram and the angiographic demonstration of vasospasm suggested a direct cause and effect relationship. PMID- 3495381 TI - Human T cell subset ratio quantitation by 51Cr release: assessment of a new technique. AB - A method for T cell subset ratio quantitation is described. This technique makes use of monoclonal antibodies 66.1 (OKT4 equivalent) and 51.1 (OKT8 equivalent) in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The percentages of 51Cr release with these 2 reagents from peripheral blood lymphocyte targets were used to calculate the ratio. It is simple, inexpensive, and can be used for large numbers of samples, but is less accurate when compared with the microscopic technique in immunofluorescence. It may serve as a screening test in certain clinical situations where there is need to determine the T4/T8 ratio. PMID- 3495382 TI - The orthopedic management of the stroke patient. AB - The basic problem following a cerebrovascular accident is that the normal inhibitory regulating mechanism, the cerebral motor cortex, is damaged to a variable extent. This releases primitive peripheral reflex activities resulting in aberrant function of limbs and restricted motion in joints. The sensory cortex can equally be damaged and careful assessment of sensory appreciation in the stroke patient has to be made. The initial treatment of patients after a stroke consists of a variety of physiotherapy techniques, the rationale of which is to reduce the power of dominant aberrant reflex activities and build the strength in the antagonistic group of muscles. The potential for the efficacy of physiotherapy is somewhat restricted, but there is a place for appropriate bracing. A certain number of patients exist, however, for whom physiotherapy cannot achieve the desired results and for whom bracing is either ineffective or unacceptable. The only alternative for these patients is functional electrical stimulation or reducing the activity in the deforming muscles. This can either be done by direct inactivation of the motor nerve or by actually lengthening the muscle tendon unit to reduce the power of the muscle group. An alternative is to transfer tendons. PMID- 3495383 TI - [Chorea gravidarum; clinical features]. PMID- 3495384 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding detected in scrotal hernia. PMID- 3495385 TI - Usefulness of SPECT in evaluating osteosarcoma metastases to the lung. AB - The differentiation of osteosarcoma metastases to the lung vs the ribs with bone scanning agents is not always clear. Single photon emission computed tomography is useful in such differentiation. PMID- 3495386 TI - Adult periodontitis. A reappraisal of its diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 3495387 TI - Effectiveness of three interproximal cleaning devices. PMID- 3495388 TI - Floss design and effectiveness of interproximal plaque removal. PMID- 3495389 TI - Review of the pin-retained cleft palate appliance. PMID- 3495390 TI - HLA and C4 polymorphism in diabetic microangiopathy. AB - We have reported an increased frequency of the rare B3 allotype of the fourth component of complement (C4B3) in insulin-dependent diabetics, especially in those with microangiopathy. This study has now been expanded--20 of 106 subjects with microangiopathy and 9 of 116 without possessed the C4B3 allotype (p less than 0.02). C4B3 is said to be in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4. HLA typing was performed on 94 of these patients, 52 with and 42 without microangiopathy. There was no significant difference in the frequency of DR4 (62 vs 50%), DR3 (65 vs 52%), B8 (40 vs 40%) or B15 (32 vs 19%) respectively between these 2 groups. These results confirm an HLA-linked predisposition to microangiopathy, but do not determine whether the primary association is with C4B3, DR4 or another gene with which they are in linkage disequilibrium. PMID- 3495392 TI - Seventh European Rheumatology Research Workshop. Glasgow, Scotland, March 6-7, 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3495391 TI - Failure to detect a lymphocyte imbalance during acute attacks of palindromic rheumatism. PMID- 3495393 TI - Susceptibility testing of fastidious organisms in the API microdilution panel. AB - It has become increasingly important to perform routine susceptibility tests on certain anaerobic bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, as a result of the decreasing predictability of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 49 anaerobic isolates, 25 H. influenzae isolates, and 25 S. pneumoniae isolates were determined concurrently by API Uniscept MIC trays and a conventional broth microdilution method using Wilkins-Chalgren broth, 5% Fildes in Schaedler broth, or 5% lysed horse blood in Mueller-Hinton broth, respectively. Analysis of 490 anaerobic organism-antibiotic combinations, 144 H. influenzae-antibiotic combinations, and 125 S. pneumoniae-antibiotic combinations showed that 98.9%, 100%, and 99.2%, respectively, of the API results were within +/- 1 log2 dilution of the reference system. The API Uniscept MIC panel would be acceptable for use as a routine susceptibility system for anaerobic organisms in a clinical microbiology laboratory. To eliminate trailing endpoints, however, further studies need to be performed to evaluate additional broth media for the susceptibility testing of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae in the API panels. PMID- 3495394 TI - Effects of N-linked carbohydrate on the in vivo properties of human GM-CSF. PMID- 3495395 TI - The T4 glycoprotein is a cell-surface receptor for the AIDS virus. AB - Taken together, our studies suggest a mechanism of AIDS virus infection that initially involves the specific association of the AIDS virus with T4 molecules on the cell surface. This association does not require additional T-cell-specific molecules and can be demonstrated on both B lymphocytes and epithelial cell lines. The T4-AIDS virus complex is likely to be internalized in endosomes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The virus can then fuse with the vacuolar membrane, releasing the viral nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm to undergo uncoating. Viral replication does not appear to require the environment of a T lymphocyte because active infection is also observed in human T4+ B lymphocytes and epithelial cell lines. Moreover, the T4 gene is expressed in the brain as well as in lymphocytes, providing an explanation for the dual neurotropic and lymphotropic character of the virus. In this manner, a T-lymphocyte surface protein thought to be important in mediating effector cell-target cell interactions has been exploited by a human lymphotropic virus to target the AIDS virus specifically to populations of T4+ cells. PMID- 3495396 TI - Molecular genetics of human B- and T-cell neoplasia. PMID- 3495398 TI - Communicable disease report. July to September 1986. PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. PMID- 3495397 TI - Assignment of the GM-CSF, CSF-1, and FMS genes to human chromosome 5 provides evidence for linkage of a family of genes regulating hematopoiesis and for their involvement in the deletion (5q) in myeloid disorders. PMID- 3495399 TI - Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Australia, 1966-1986: evidence from prevalence surveys. PMID- 3495400 TI - Present and desired body weights of Australian adults: a cause for concern? PMID- 3495401 TI - 15's: they fit in everywhere--especially the school bag: a survey of purchases of packets of 15 cigarettes by 14 and 15 year olds in South Australia. PMID- 3495402 TI - Trends in the uptake of smoking in Busselton, Western Australia. PMID- 3495403 TI - Smoking prevalence, intentions and knowledge of health risk. Results from a New South Wales school survey. PMID- 3495404 TI - Biochemical properties of epidermal growth factor in the mouse kidney. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration in the mouse kidney was exceedingly low when compared with the submandibular gland level. Gel filtration of kidney extract showed that kidney EGF had the same molecular weight as the submandibular gland peptide. The isoelectric point of kidney EGF was between pH 4.3 and 4.6. From reversed phase HPLC, two species of EGF, alpha-EGF and beta-EGF, were clearly detected in the kidney sample. PMID- 3495405 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of lipofuscin and/or ceroid within the tissues of the body. These entities are manifest by visual, intellectual, and motor deterioration as well as recurrent seizures. Computed tomography has been shown to demonstrate changes of cerebral atrophy in more severely affected patients. Seven patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis were examined with both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the results were correlated with the clinical severity of the disorder. Two less severely affected patients had normal results on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. Varying degrees of cerebral atrophy were seen in the remaining five patients with both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Severity of atrophy correlated with the severity of disability in these patients. Abnormal white matter was seen in the two most severely affected patients only with magnetic resonance imaging. Although the findings in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis were nonspecific, the increased sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging for subtle white matter abnormalities over computed tomography may prove helpful in monitoring the progression of this rare disorder. PMID- 3495406 TI - The effects of barium on the suppression-recovery phenomenon in the aspartate isolated mass receptor response. AB - The relationship between the suppression-recovery phenomenon and sensitivity changes during light adaptation was investigated in the cone photoreceptors of the isolated, superfused bullfrog retina using barium as a tool. Barium reduced the shift of the stimulus-response function that occurs during light adaptation. Barium also reduced the maximum response amplitude seen after recovery from suppression induced by a flickering light stimulus. The effect of barium on the recovered response amplitude could not be explained by barium's known ability to attenuate the dark adapted cone response, since the magnitude of the depression of the recovered response amplitude was significantly greater at all concentrations than was the magnitude of the depression of the response of the dark adapted cones. Moreover, the thresholds for barium's effect, as well as the shapes of the dose-response curves, were quite different for the two types of responses. The results are consistent with the idea that the recovery from suppression induced by flicker is due to the same change in receptor sensitivity that manifests itself as a shift of the stimulus-response curve during light adaptation. PMID- 3495407 TI - Cardiovascular time course in patients with postoperative myocardial dysfunction requiring catecholamine administration. PMID- 3495408 TI - Clearance of virus by T lymphocytes mediating delayed type hypersensitivity. PMID- 3495410 TI - Differentiation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 3495409 TI - Immunotherapy for virus infection. PMID- 3495411 TI - Cloning of murine B-lymphocyte differentiation stage-specific genes. PMID- 3495412 TI - Long-term murine hemopoietic cultures as model systems for analysis of B lymphocyte differentiation. PMID- 3495413 TI - Peyer's patches and the early development of B lymphocytes. PMID- 3495414 TI - B-cell commitment and diversification in the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 3495415 TI - Prurigo gravidarum. AB - Prurigo gravidarum is an infrequent dermatologic condition in pregnant patients that has been found to be associated with an increased incidence of perinatal and obstetric complications. We present ten cases of this finding and review the pathogenesis, therapy, and complications of prurigo gravidarum. The recognition of this entity by dermatologists, obstetricians, and general practitioners should prompt referral of these patients for high-risk obstetric care. PMID- 3495416 TI - [Fluoride and various salivary components and dental caries]. PMID- 3495417 TI - P carinii and pneumothorax. PMID- 3495418 TI - Serology and P carinii. PMID- 3495420 TI - [Experimental study of preventing elastase-induced emphysema by normal human serum]. PMID- 3495419 TI - [Effect of rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin on E receptors of T cells]. PMID- 3495422 TI - Comment: pentamidine monitoring. PMID- 3495421 TI - [Antimetastasis effect of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells on fibrosarcoma in WKA rats]. AB - Treating WKA rats with fibrosarcoma with LAK cells, antimetastasis effect was studied. The results indicated that splenocytes incubated by IL-2 could produce lytic activity to WKA rats with fibrosarcoma in vitro. Passive infusion of LAK cells lead to a marked reduction in the number of metastatic nodules in the lung. After intravenous injection of LAK cells, cancer cells in the lung speedily disappeared. LAK cell administration for 3 times gave better result than once only (P less than 0.01). In this paper, the possibility of LAK cells used as an adoptive immunotherapy for human neoplasms is briefly discussed. PMID- 3495423 TI - Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in liver disease in Igbo Nigerians. PMID- 3495424 TI - [Different levels of differentiation of blood leukemia cells in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia]. AB - The immunological phenotype of blood leukemic cell samples derived from 52 patients with B-cellular chronic lympholeukemia (B-CLL) was defined with the use of monoclonal antibodies and antisera to differentiation antigens and immunoglobulins. Leukemic cells were divided into 6 groups according to the stages of B-cell lineage differentiation: pre-B-cells, early and late antigen independent stages and three consecutive antigen-dependent stages of differentiation. It was established that in case of B-CLL phenotypic characteristics of later stages of B-lymphocyte differentiation dominated. PMID- 3495425 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics of blast cells forming autologous rosettes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. AB - An increased content of cytochemically heterogeneous A-RFC (responses to acid phosphatase and acid nonspecific esterase) in peripheral blood of children with T ALL in comparison with non-T, non-B-ALL has been established. No correlation between A-RFC content and T-cells bearing FcG- and FcM-receptors has been revealed. It is supposed that A-RFC is a heterogeneous group of T-cells differing in the stage of maturity. PMID- 3495426 TI - [Immunologic cell markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. AB - Identification of surface antigens of bone marrow leukemic cells in 27 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the acute period of the disease was carried out by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibody panel. Series ICO (ICO-1, 02, 10, 11) of the All-Union Cancer Research Centre of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, and series OKT (OKT-9, 10, 6, 11, OKT-cAll, OKT 8, 4, 3) Ortho Diagnostic Systems, USA were used. Immunological subvariations of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were as follows: T-cellular population (6 cases), B cellular population (1 case), "common cellular population" (16 cases) and O cellular population (4 cases). PMID- 3495427 TI - [Inhibitory effect of corticoliberin (CRF) on the reproductive system of male rats]. PMID- 3495428 TI - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: prenatal and perinatal diagnosis. Early prenatal treatment]. PMID- 3495429 TI - The role of sera, growth factors, and hormones in the in vitro production of disaturated phosphatidylcholine and propagation of undifferentiated type II alveolar cells from the fetal rabbit lung. AB - Undifferentiated type II alveolar cells isolated from the fetal rabbit lung were cultured in chemically-defined medium supplemented with 10% carbon-stripped fetal bovine serum for 2-3 days and then placed in serum-free medium, or medium supplemented with either 10% carbon-stripped fetal bovine serum (sFBS) or 10% unstripped fetal bovine serum. Cells exposed to the latter treatment showed the highest growth rate but the lowest level of [3H]choline incorporation into disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). Cells in serum-free medium showed the lowest rate of growth but removal of serum components stimulated a rapid increase in radioactive precursor incorporation. Cells exposed to the stripped serum were intermediate in both measurements. Incubation of undifferentiated type II cells with EGF stimulated growth but only in the presence of sFBS. EGF also stimulated [3H]choline into DSPC after 48 hours of exposure to the peptide. This latter response could only be elicited in serum-free medium. In the presence of sFBS no effect of the peptide was detected on radioactive precursor incorporation. Similarly dexamethasone (0.55 nM) or 20% medium which had been conditioned by fetal lung fibroblast monolayers did not stimulate [3H]choline in DSPC in the presence of sFBS. In contrast these agents did evoke a significant increase in radioactive precursor incorporation when the undifferentiated type II alveolar cells were incubated in serum-free medium. PMID- 3495430 TI - HIPDM single photon emission computed tomography brain imaging in partial onset secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. AB - HIPDM-Single photon emission computed tomography brain imaging was performed during interictal and ictal stages in three patients with complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In all three patients, interictal studies demonstrated decreased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) and ictal studies showed increased rCP in the epileptogenic region. The demonstration of focal hyperperfusion by SPECT performed during secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures suggests that rCP in the epileptic focus remains higher than in other cerebral regions during immediate postictal stages, even in secondarily generalized seizures. PMID- 3495431 TI - Changes in delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice exposed to O3. AB - BALB/c mice were continuously exposed to 0.8 ppm O3 for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Ozone exposure suppressed the delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The maximum effect was seen after 7 days of exposure. To estimate the suppression of the DH reaction by O3 exposure, the numbers of lymphocytes in thymus and blood of exposed mice were compared with those of control mice. A decrease in the numbers of lymphocytes in both thymus and blood was observed in O3-exposed mice. The percentage of T and B lymphocytes in blood of exposed mice was the same as that in blood of control mice. These results suggest that 0.8 ppm O3 exposure affects the T lymphocytes required for DH reactions. PMID- 3495432 TI - A comparative study on glyoxalase II from vertebrata. AB - S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (glyoxalase II) from the liver of animals belonging to the various vertebrate classes (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Gallus gallus, Python molurus, Rana esculenta, Esox lucius) have been purified from 100,000 g supernatants of liver homogenates, using acetone fractionation and affinity chromatography. Subsequent comparative studies were concerned with some molecular and kinetic properties. Isoelectric focusing gave evidence for a single form of liver glyoxalase II in O. cuniculus, P. molurus and E. lucius, while the enzyme from G. gallus and R. esculenta showed respectively two and three forms with different pI values. All studied enzymes are basic proteins. The relative molecular mass values range from 18,000 to 23,000. The various glyoxalases II do not display markedly different Kn or Ki values. Their stability behavior at different temperatures is also quite similar. PMID- 3495433 TI - Recombinant interleukin 4/BSF-1 promotes growth and differentiation of intrathymic T cell precursors from fetal mice in vitro. AB - Recombinant mouse interleukin 4/BSF-1 (rIL4/BSF-1) together with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) promotes growth of one out of approximately four intrathymic T cell precursors from fetal mice (14-15 days gestation). This response is not inhibited by even high concentrations of monoclonal antibody against the receptor for interleukin 2. Fetal thymocytes activated by rIL4/BSF-1 plus PMA give rise to cytolytic T cells after 7-21 days of culture. All the proliferating cells are Thy1+, some of them express Lyt2 but none has detectable L3T4 T cell differentiation antigens nor T cell antigen receptor (F23.1) on the cell membrane as assessed by immunofluorescence staining and flow fluorocytometry analysis. It is concluded that rIL4/BSF-1 exerts both growth and differentiation activities on normal intrathymic T cell precursors. The results provide evidence for an alternative growth factor to interleukin 2 involved in proliferation of T cell precursors. These findings open new and direct ways of studying cellular and molecular events during the differentiation of normal intrathymic T cell precursors in vitro and extend the spectrum of target cells for IL4/BSF-1. PMID- 3495434 TI - Quantitative analysis of cardiac function: comparison of electro-cardiogram dual gated single photon emission tomography, planar radionuclide ventriculogram and contrast ventriculography in the determination of LV volume and ejection fraction. AB - A dual gated tomography (DGT) program for end systolic and end diastolic acquisition and subsequent processing for calculation of LVEF, end diastolic and end systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) has been evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers (25 years-40 years) and 45 patients (25 years-60 years): 20 with ischaemic heart disease and 25 with valvular heart disease (VHD). All had biplane multigated blood pool (MUGA) studies in the 40 degrees LAO projection using in vivo 99mTc- RBCs, immediately followed by DGT. The results in the patients group were correlated with contrast ventriculography (CV). In the volunteer group, the normal values for LVEF, EDV and ESV measured with DGT were found to be 63% +/- 10%, 91 ml +/- 6 ml and 30 ml +/- 6 ml and r value for the LVEF = 0.91 compared with MUGA. In the IHD group, r values compared with CV were 0.915 and 0.97 for the EDV and ESV and 0.934 for the LVEF. Compared with the MUGA, the r value for LVEF was 0.883. In the VHD group, r values were 0.98 for both the EDV and ESV and 0.948 for the LVEF (P less than 0.002) compared with CV and 0.789 for the LVEF compared with the MUGA. We feel that DGT is an accurate and reproducible technique for LV function measurements. PMID- 3495436 TI - Thallium-201 washout in coronary artery disease using SPECT--a comparison with coronary angiography. AB - In this study, tomographic 201Tl washout analysis and coronary angiography were compared in 100 subjects. Seventeen subjects with healthy coronary arteries were used as reference material, on the basis of which the reference ranges for both the total washout of the heart muscle and the regional washout were determined. With angiography as the standard, this material yielded the following sensitivity values for total myocardial washout: 80% for three vessel proximal disease (n = 30), 64% for peripheral three vessel disease (n = 14), 66% for two vessel disease (n = 29) and 71% for single vessel disease (n = 17). Specificity in the reference group was 94%. Sensitivity values for regional washout were 83%, 93%, 59% and 71%, respectively. Stress ECG gave about 10% lower sensitivities. As far as sensitivity is concerned, however, visual assessment of tomographic images proved to be the best single method. In three patients, washout analysis was necessary to reveal evenly distributed ischemia and in seven cases it was essential in order to confirm an uncertain diagnosis; in other words, washout analysis had diagnostic value in 10 of the 100 patients. PMID- 3495435 TI - Linear discriminant analysis of regional ejection fractions in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. AB - We studied the application of linear discriminant analysis to the computer assisted interpretation of rest and exercise gated blood pool studies. Data were obtained in 45 patients in whom the presence or absence of coronary artery disease was determined by coronary angiography. Automated analysis of regional ejection fractions using a linear discriminant function (LDF) was compared to the fully automated calculation of global ejection fraction and to the subjective evaluation of wall motion. A LDF constructed from the data for the first 31 consecutive patients correctly classified 25/31 (81%). The change in global ejection fraction correctly classified 24/31 (77%) and wall motion analysis 25/31 (81%). In a distinct group of 14 patients the same LDF correctly classified 12/14 (86%), global ejection fraction 9/14 (64%) and wall motion analysis 10/14 (71%). PMID- 3495437 TI - Symposium on a Long Time Clinical Care of Parkinson's Disease. Tokyo, April 12, 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3495438 TI - Similarity and dissimilarity of MPTP models to Parkinson's disease: importance of juvenile parkinsonism. AB - Clinical, pharmacological and neuropathological features of MPTP-induced parkinsonism in humans and animals were compared with those of the Parkinson's disease (PD) and juvenile parkinsonism (JP). Some dissimilarities between both the conditions noticed in earlier investigations have been dissolved by starting a well-prescribed chronic administration of subliminal dose of MPTP in old matured monkeys. The MPTP model is now more resembling parkinsonism. However, it is to be emphasized that the MPTP model is more similar to JP than to PD in clinical and pharmacological terms. JP has been considered idiopathic in nature and seems to be important in understanding of etiopathogenesis of PD. Findings in one sectioned brain of JP were described with stronger pharmacological changes in the striatum than in the nigra and preservation of nigral neurons. It is thus questioned whether PD is the disease starting by striatal chemical changes or by nigral pathology. PMID- 3495439 TI - Suicide and the Italian psychiatric reform: an appraisal of two data collection systems. AB - The reliability of Italian suicide data derived from returns made by the Police and Carabinieri was examined by comparing regional suicide data from that source with those based on medically certified cause of death for the years 1973-1980. Rates of medically certified suicide were found to be higher than those derived from the Police/Carabinieri returns, a difference which increased steadily over the years of study. The between-region within-year correlations (between the suicide rates derived from the two sources) were very high, but tended to decrease with time. The between-year within-region correlations were +0.700 or above for 12 of the 19 Italian regions and between +0.500 and +0.700 for a further 3. The correlation between the rates of suicide derived from the two sources was poor for the remaining 4 regions. A previous analysis of the influence on suicide of the Italian psychiatric reform used Police/Carabinieri data (Williams et al. 1986): this was repeated excluding data from these 4 regions, and the previous results were confirmed. Indeed, the negative correlation between suicide and the provision of general hospital psychiatric beds was stronger than that previously reported. PMID- 3495440 TI - The pharmacokinetics of mefloquine when given alone or in combination with sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in Thai male and female subjects. AB - The kinetics of mefloquine were studied in 12 healthy Thai male and 12 healthy Thai female volunteers. Mefloquine (MQ) was administered either alone (750 mg orally) or in combination (MSP) with sulphadoxine (1.5 g) and pyrimethamine (75 mg) to each of 6 male and 6 female subjects. Plasma concentrations of MQ were measured by HPLC at intervals for 42 days. There was considerable interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters; for example in the male subjects receiving MQ alone peak concentrations ranged between 638 and 2494 ng X ml-1 with a mean concentration of 1442 ng X ml-1. Compared to previously published data on MQ concentrations in Caucasian male subjects, the present study indicates that higher concentrations are achieved in Thai subjects. The only significant difference in kinetic parameters between male and female subjects receiving MQ alone was in the mean residence time (MRT) which was greater in females. However, an analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters following administration of the combination preparation showed that the time to peak (tmax) was significantly reduced in females receiving MSP compared to the corresponding females given MQ alone and males given MSP. When data obtained from all subjects (male and female) receiving either MQ alone or MSP were combined, both MRT and half-life were significantly greater in subjects given MSP. There is therefore some evidence that therapeutic concentrations of MQ are maintained for a longer period of time following MSP administration. PMID- 3495441 TI - Constitutive production of B cell differentiation factor-like activity by human T and B cell lines. AB - A lymphokine demonstrating human B cell differentiation factor (BCDF)-like activity was isolated from immature (MOLT-4f, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSDB-2) and mature (HUT-78) malignant human T lymphoid cell lines and from human B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BJAB and ALL-7031-B). All the cell lines were grown long term in serum-free medium. This BCDF-like activity has a molecular mass in the range of 40-60 kDa and stimulates immunoglobulin synthesis of cell lines capable of producing IgA (GM-1056), IgG (GM-1500 and CESS) and IgM (CBL#3). It was not produced by a myeloid cell line. We were only able to identify the differentiation activity produced by the T and B cell lines by using appropriate molecular mass fractions from the serum-free medium as controls. This BCDF-like activity is different from that of the human BCDF so far described as it has a higher molecular mass and is constitutively produced by malignant T lymphoid cell lines which are human T cell leukemia virus-I negative and by B lymphoblastoid cell lines. PMID- 3495442 TI - Effect of stereospecificity of chemically synthesized lipid A-subunit analogues GLA-27 and GLA-40 on the expression of immunopharmacological activities. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducing, mitogenic, polyclonal B cell activation (PBA), macrophage activation and antiviral activities of chemically synthesized lipid A-subunit analogues, GLA-27 and GLA-40, were investigated. The structure of GLA-27 comprises 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine carrying tetradecanoyl and 3 tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C14)] groups as the 3-O- and 2-N-acyl substituents, respectively. GLA-40 is a 1-deoxy compound of GLA-27. The activities of stereoisomers, (R) and (S) forms at the C3 position of the C14-O (C14) group, of both compounds were also investigated. TNF-inducing activity of the (S) isomers of GLA-27 and GLA-40 was stronger than that of the (R) isomers while the (R) isomers exhibited stronger mitogenic and PBA activities than the (S) isomers. With respect to macrophage activation such as phagocytosis, acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity as cellular lysosomal enzymes and cytostasis, peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice administered i.p. with test samples showed significant activities. Among stereoisomers of GLA 27, the (R) isomer exhibited somewhat stronger phagocytic and lysosomal enzyme activities than those of the (S) isomer while there was no appreciable difference in the activities between the isomers of GLA-40. Significant cytostasis-inducing activity was observed in stereoisomers tested. All of the isomers showed remarkable antiviral activity against vaccinia virus. PMID- 3495443 TI - Development of natural killer cells in human thymocyte culture: regulation by accessory cells. AB - In vitro culture of human thymocytes resulted in the development of cells with natural killer (NK) activity and the acquisition of a pan-NK antigen (NKH1) by a large number of thymocytes. The ability to kill the NK-sensitive target, K562, was restricted to thymocytes expressing the NKH1 antigen. All NKH1+ thymocytes displayed a mature T cell phenotype, T3+T11+T8+T4-. Both the acquisition of NK activity and the development of cells with the NKH1+ phenotype could be suppressed by culturing thymocytes in the presence of adherent mononuclear cells. These results suggest that adherent accessory cells have the ability to regulate the development of T cell lineage NK cells. PMID- 3495444 TI - Inhibition of interleukin 3 function by a fragment of the third component of complement. AB - A C3d-like (C3d-1) fragment of 33 kDa was isolated and its biological activity studied. The fragment was generated from guinea pig C3b by porcine pancreas kallikrein and purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. The C3d-like fragment inhibited interleukin (IL) 2-dependent T lymphocyte proliferation. The suppressive activity of the described C3d-1 fragment was not restricted to lymphocytes as targets but inhibited in addition the proliferation of a nonlymphocyte mast cell line which was strictly IL3-dependent in its proliferative capacity. Kinetic studies implied early stages of cellular proliferation to be influenced. Furthermore, the C3d-1 fragment was not only an inhibitor of cellular proliferation but was also a potent inducer of leukocytosis. PMID- 3495445 TI - Induction of human B cell proliferation and differentiation by the combination of phorbol ester and ionomycin. AB - Phorbol esters and Ca2+ ionophores are known to mimic intracellular messengers involved in cell activation. We studied the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and ionomycin on tonsil and peripheral blood-derived B lymphocytes. We show that TPA and ionomycin are co-mitogenic and induce B lymphocyte differentiation. Although TPA in high concentrations is mitogenic to B lymphocytes by itself, submitogenic concentrations of TPA in combination with ionomycin trigger 50% of B lymphocytes to synthesize DNA. Stimulation of B lymphocytes with TPA plus ionomycin resulted in increased magnitude and a shift in the kinetics of c-fos and c-myc expression compared with either agent used alone. Activation markers such as the transferrin and interleukin 2 (IL2) receptors were markedly increased after 24 h incubation with TPA and ionomycin. In parallel to the rapid proliferative burst, we observed evidence for B lymphocyte differentiation with an increase in the number of cells expressing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) and the disappearance of the B1 surface marker. Since the cells remained surface Ig+ and secreted only small quantities of Ig, our results suggest that the combination of TPA and ionomycin is a potent inducer of B cell proliferation and early differentiation; terminal differentiation to an Ig-secreting state, however, is not achieved. PMID- 3495447 TI - Drug-induced penile erections in rats: indications of serotonin1B receptor mediation. AB - The induction of penile erections by a variety of compounds with a direct or indirect effect on serotonin (5HT) receptors was investigated in rats. L-5 Hydroxy-tryptophan (L-5HTP) induced penile erections when co-administered with nialamide and the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide, indicating that the site of action for inducing penile erections is within the central nervous system. Penile erections were also induced by the 5HT uptake inhibitors zimelidine, fluoxetine, citalopram, Org 6997, by the 5HT-releasing agent fenfluramine and by the putative 5-HT1B receptor agonist 1-(3'-chlorophenyl) piperazine (mCPP). The 5HT1A-agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8 OH-DPAT) did not induce penile erections. The less selective 5HT receptor agonists 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (5MeODMT), 5-methoxytryptamine (5MeOT), dl-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Ru 24969 were also ineffective. Induction of penile erections by quipazine appeared only when this compound was co-administered with the 5HT2 receptor antagonist pirenperone. Receptor antagonists were tested against penile erections induced by Org 6997. The beta adrenoceptor antagonists that also have 5HT1 antagonistic properties, (S) pindolol and dl-propranolol, antagonized Org 6997-induced penile erections but butoxamine and metoprolol did not. Spiperone and pirenperone in doses selective for 5HT1A and 5HT2 receptors respectively were also inactive. Haloperidol, 0.46 mg/kg, partially attenuated penile erections induction. The data are discussed in the light of the hypothesis that penile erections induction by serotonin-mimetic compounds is mediated by 5HT1B receptors in the striatum. PMID- 3495446 TI - Enhanced frequency of mitogen-responsive T cell precursors in old mice injected with thymosin alpha 1. AB - Injection of old mice with thymosin alpha 1, a synthetic peptide consisting of 28 amino acid residues and exhibiting thymic hormone-like activity, increases the splenic frequency of T cell precursors. Young (3-month-old) or old (19-20-month old) mice received a single i.p. injection of thymosin alpha 1 or of an equimolar amount of the N14 (N-terminal amino acid residues 1-14) or C14 (C-terminal amino acid residues 15-28) synthetic fragment of the thymosin alpha 1 molecule and their spleen cells were assayed 3 days later under limiting dilution conditions to assess the frequency of mitogen-responsive and interleukin 2-producing T cells. Injection of thymosin alpha 1 or of its N14 fragment increases the frequency of responsive T lymphocytes in old, but not in young mice whereas injection of the C14 fragment has no demonstrable effect in either young or old mice. These data are consistent with our previous observation that the biological activity of thymosin alpha 1 is restricted to the N-terminal half of the molecule and suggest that this peptide amplifies the pool of mitogen-responsive and interleukin 2-producing T cells in immunodeficient old mice. PMID- 3495448 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a potent relaxant of intestinal muscle. AB - The motor effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) longitudinal muscle were investigated. CGRP (0.1-100 nM) concentration dependently relaxed ilea precontracted with histamine and inhibited electrically induced cholinergic contractions. At higher concentrations (3-100 nM) CGRP also caused a slight contraction of non-stimulated ilea. Further pharmacological analysis of the CGRP-induced relaxation which seems to be the primary CGRP effect in the GPI, indicated that the effect was due to a direct action on the longitudinal muscle. PMID- 3495449 TI - Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in previously fit adults. AB - Fifteen adults (14 of whom were previously fit and 10 were aged less than 40) with pneumonia, in whom the only pathogen identified was Haemophilus influenzae, are described. One patient was bacteraemic. Clinical, radiographic and laboratory features were similar to other community-acquired pneumonias. H. influenzae should be considered as a cause of pneumonia even in previously fit, young adults. PMID- 3495450 TI - Influence of a serotonin receptor antagonist, 5-HTP-DP-hex, on spinal and thalamic nociceptive neurons in rats. AB - The antinociceptive properties of a new synthetic dipeptide (N-hexanoyl-5 hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide, or 5-HTP-DP-hex) were studied in rats by an electrophysiological method. After an i.p. injection of alpha chloralose and urethane, the animals were prepared for stereotaxic approach to the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis of the thalamus. With tungsten microelectrodes, individual nociceptive neurons in the nucleus were identified by the sequence of spikes emitted in response to single-pulse stimulation of the sciatic nerve. In addition to the usual short-latency spikes, a nociceptive neuron fired late spikes at regular intervals within 500 ms following each stimulus. When the spikes were accumulated in poststimulus time histograms, the short-latency spikes compiled an intensity-related (I) peak. The late spikes formed modality-related (M) peaks with spacing characteristic of nociception. Intracarotid infusion of 5-HTP-DP-hex (1 mg/kg) elevated the delayed portion of the I peak and the first M peak. This effect was followed in 25 min by suppression of all M peaks. The control record could be reinstated at any time by 5-hydroxytryptophan (3.5 mg/kg), or by natural recovery in 2.5 h. Responses evoked from a thalamic nociceptive neuron by single-pulse stimulation of the spinothalamic tract were modified by 5-HTP-DP-hex in a similar manner, except that no elevation of the activity peaks was observed. As shown previously, elevation of the delayed I peak and M1 indicated an increased input of A-delta and C fibers, respectively. The increased input lowers the response threshold and may represent hyperalgesia. Suppression of the M peaks may result from altered function of the positive feedback loop in the nociceptive system at the thalamic level, and may represent analgesia. Naloxone, methysergide, as well as ketanserin had no significant effect on the response histograms. These findings suggested that 5-HTP-DP-hex, a known serotonin receptor antagonist, targeted its action on very specific receptors, and thus interfered with particular synaptic activity within the spinal cord and on the thalamic level. PMID- 3495451 TI - Harmala alkaloids and related beta-carbolines: a myoclonic model and antimyoclonic drugs. AB - The neuropharmacologic profile of intraperitoneally injected harmala alkaloids and related beta-carbolines was evaluated in the rat. All drugs induced central effects (convulsions, catalepsy, or altered startle), but only harmaline and harmine were tremorogenic at low doses. Methoxylation of the carboline 7 position was requisite for this effect. Coadministration of harmaline (but not harmine) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (tryptamine or m-chlorophenyl-piperazine) induced a lethal convulsive myoclonic syndrome which could not be evoked by either drug separately. Compared with the myoclonic-serotonergic syndrome evoked by 5 hydroxytryptophan in rats with 5.7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions, harmaline+5 hydroxytryptophan-treated rats displayed more continuous and greater axial myoclonic jerks and some postural differences. Clorgyline or tranylcypromine but not pargyline could be substituted for harmaline. The harmaline syndrome was blocked by the benzodiazepine agonists, physostigmine and verapamil. The harmaline+5-hydroxytryptophan syndrome was blocked by drugs acting at benzodiazepine receptors (CL 218,872 greater than ethyl-beta-carboline-3 carboxylate, clonazepam, diazepam, Ro 15-1788, pentobarbital), and baclofen. Naloxone, benztropine, quipazine, and apomorphine had partial effects, and calcium channel blockers prevented death but did not prevent convulsions. 5 Hydroxytryptamine antagonists were poor blockers, although cyproheptadine and ketanserin significantly reduced mortality. Phenobarbital was more effective than other anticonvulsants. Lesion studies suggested a role for monoaminergic neurons and the inferior olive in the expression of the harmaline+5-hydroxytryptophan syndrome. These data describe a complex convulsive myoclonic syndrome that is behaviorally related to but pharmacologically distinct from the serotonin syndrome, which may be useful in studying serotonergic-benzodiazepine interactions in the pathophysiology of myoclonus. PMID- 3495452 TI - Lack of prognostic significance of T-lymphocyte subset counts in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - In the 50 newly diagnosed, unselected, untreated B-CLL patients, the absolute numbers of blood T cells, T-helper cells, and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells were by flow cytometric counting of mononuclear cells labelled with the monoclonal antibodies Leu5 (T cells), Leu3a (T-helper cells), and Leu2a (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells). These estimations and the serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were correlated to clinical stage (International Workshop System) and pretreatment observation time. For all patients together, the mean counts of Leu5+, Leu3+, and Leu2+ cells were significantly increased compared with the mean counts in 12 healthy controls (Mann-Whitney). In patients with advanced disease (stage B + C), both T-subset mean cell counts were significantly increased, whereas in patients with early-stage disease (stage A), although some high T-helper cell counts were noted, only the T-suppressor/cytotoxic mean cell count increase reached significance. Thus a trend was observed of a more frequent T-suppressor/cytotoxic cell predominance in early-stage disease, which is the opposite of the findings in most other prognostic studies. However, there was no significant difference in pre-treatment observation time according to T-helper: T suppressor cell ratio below vs. above 1.0, irrespective of stage, whereas according to clinical stage, the pretreatment observation time in stage A was highly significantly longer than in stage B + C (logrank test). Thus, no independent prognostic significance of T-subset counts was found as judged by pretreatment observation time. No correlation was found between the occurrence of hypogammaglobulinaemia, T-subset ratios or T-subset counts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495453 TI - Specifications for identity and purity of certain food additives. PMID- 3495454 TI - [Assessment of the effect of prospidin and cyclophosphane on the indices of the T and B immune responses in vitro]. AB - Prospidin was shown to produce a decrease of receptors on T- and B-lymphocytes and T-subpopulations, to inhibit migration of leucocytes under the influence of the antigenic stimulus, to reduce the cytopathic activity of lymphocytes and the level of secreted immunoglobulins of the main classes. The degree of prospidin immunodepressive effect is compared with that of cyclophosphane. PMID- 3495455 TI - [Mathematical modelling of the action of methotrexate on the kinetics of B lymphocyte proliferation during the primary response]. AB - A mathematical simulation model for checking hypotheses concerning specific features of methotrexate action on the primary antibody response is described. In general consistent interpretation of 8 experimental curves (an intact immune response and one when methotrexate was injected 72 hr after immunization; the data taken from literature) was obtained: the number of IgM-AbFCs in the mouse spleen in the first 4.5 days of immunization and the AbFC's labeling indices for three different 3H-thymidine injection schedules. It is concluded that methotrexate effects include the drug-induced lethality of the B-cells in G1 phase (early) and S-phase, S-phase blockage of the cell transfer cell retention on the G1/S boundary and also a decrease of the number of non-dividing IgM-AbFCs due to RNA and protein synthesis impairment. PMID- 3495456 TI - Histidine-rich glycoprotein is evolutionarily related to the cystatin superfamily. Presence of two cystatin domains in the N-terminal region. AB - A new member of the cystatin superfamily is introduced. Human plasma histidine rich glycoprotein (HRG) was found to contain 2 cystatin-like sequences in tandem in the N-terminal region. Domain 1 (residues 1-112) was most homologous to domain 1 of the heavy chain of human kininogen and domain 2 (residues 113-225) was most homologous to human cystatin S as well as other cystatins and domain 3 of the heavy chain of kininogen, suggesting that the cystatin domains of HRG may represent a hitherto unknown binary form (or intermediate molecule) composed of 2 cystatin domains, and evolutionarily intermediate between the cystatin and the kininogen families. PMID- 3495457 TI - Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA coding for the precursor of the human cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C. AB - Recombinant cystatin C producing clones were isolated from a human placenta lambda gt11 cDNA library. The cDNA insert of one of the clones, containing 777 base pairs, encodes the complete mature cystatin C (120 amino acids) and a hydrophobic leader sequence of 26 amino acids, indicating an extracellular function of the inhibitor. The deduced protein sequence confirms the protein sequence of cystatin C isolated from human urine, but differs in one position from the sequence of the cystatin C fragment deposited as amyloid in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. PMID- 3495458 TI - Parathyroid hormone regulates phosphate transport in OK cells via an irreversible inactivation of a membrane protein. AB - In a cultured, renal epithelial cell line, OK, parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduces Na/phosphate cotransport and upon removal of the hormone the activity is regained. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not interfere with the PTH action, but prevented the reduced phosphate transport from regaining its original activity. Drugs, such as colchicine, that disrupt the microtubular network, lessened both the action of PTH and prevented the recovery of activity. The results are consistent with irreversible inactivation of a plasma membrane protein necessary for full activity of the Na/phosphate cotransport. PMID- 3495460 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 3495459 TI - Characterization of a heterogeneous camel milk whey non-casein protein. AB - A milk protein, occurring in the whey fraction, has been characterized from camel milk. Determination of the primary structure reveals the existence of two related types of chain with residue differences in at least the N-terminal region. A fragment representing an N-terminal part of the protein was also recovered (heterogeneous at the same positions). The absence of cysteine residues in the protein shows that no disulphide bridges are present. The pattern of fragments and a parent protein resembles that for casein and its fragments, showing that fragments and a multiplicity of forms may be typical for different milk proteins. PMID- 3495461 TI - Langerhans cells in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. AB - T cell defect and energy to contact sensitizers are characteristic of the depressed cell-mediated immunity in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). In this disease the generalized infection with human papilloma viruses is associated with a high risk of skin cancers. Langerhans cell density was studied quantitatively in lesions and noninvolved epidermis of EV using OKT6 and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies with indirect immunofluorescence technique. No significant changes were found in apparently normal skin suggesting no primary defect of Langerhans cells in EV. A marked decrease in Langerhans cell number per unit of epidermal volume could be observed in EV lesions. This additional reduction of immunological surveillance at sites of potentially oncogenic human papilloma virus infection may contribute to the increased risk of malignant transformation in EV lesions. PMID- 3495462 TI - A convenient system for the serial quantitation of viable cells measuring luminescence of ATP. AB - Measurement of intracellular ATP using luminescence offers an alternative method for the routine determination of viable animal cells in a large number of cultures. Optimal conditions of the new technology are described as is its application in various test systems. PMID- 3495464 TI - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in elderly subjects in east Finland. PMID- 3495463 TI - Human cell lines secreting lymphokines. II. BCGF production by a T hybridoma and B cell lines. AB - B cell growth factor (BCGF) is a lymphokine (LK) primarily produced and secreted by activated T cells. This LK induces proliferation of B cells in culture and can maintain continuous growth of human B cells. One of the putative uses of this factor might be the establishment of monoclonal B cell lines which secrete specific antibodies. These antibodies could be used for passive immunization or in vivo immunodiagnostics. As conventional mitogen activation of T cells induces the secretion of many factors, some of them with opposite effects, the approach taken by us and others was to establish monoclonal hybridomas which produce constitutively a single factor. Such a human T-T cell hybridoma (TH-5), has been established and is growing and secreting constitutively BCGF for the tested 18 months. This BCGF induces proliferation of human B-cells without the requirement of B cell preactivation. No secretion of interleukin-2 or gamma-interferon by this hybridoma was detected. Furthermore, no influence of this factor was detected on T cells. Under optimal growth conditions, the generation time of this hybridoma is 16 hours and it reaches a maximum concentration of 3 X 10(6) cells/ml. The hybridoma cells could grow in serum-free-media and secrete BCGF for a limited time. The produced BCGF was found to be stable for the four tested months at -20 degrees C, at least one week at 4 degrees C and several hours at 37 degrees C. Its activity was destroyed at pH 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495465 TI - [Functional indices of the sympathetic-adrenal and serotonin systems before and after a course of reflexotherapy]. PMID- 3495466 TI - [Course of patients after eradication of esophageal varices by sclerotherapy: influence of the site of the first hemorrhage]. PMID- 3495467 TI - Androgen-binding levels in a sexually dimorphic muscle of Xenopus laevis. AB - The larynx of adult South African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, is larger in males than in females and hypertrophies in adult females and juveniles in response to androgen. Sexual dimorphism and androgen sensitivity suggest that the larynx is a testosterone target tissue. Saturation analysis of androgen (R1881) binding in laryngeal cytosol revealed an approximately threefold quantitative difference between male and female androgen-binding levels (36.4 vs 11.5 fm/mg protein). By contrast, as measured by one-point assay, androgen-binding levels in thigh muscle of either males or females were between 0 and 4 fm/mg protein with no apparent sex difference. Competition studies indicated that dihydrotestosterone was the most effective competitor for R1881 binding activity in the larynx. Saturation analysis showed the binding activity to be saturable and of high affinity (apparent Kd 0.46 nM in the male and 0.38 nM in the female). After 1 month of testosterone treatment, female binding levels averaged 16.6 fm/mg protein with a Kd of 0.49 nM, within the range for normal females. In males castrated for 4 months, binding levels were 52 fm/mg protein. After 1 year of castration, binding levels were 25 fm/mg protein. We conclude that laryngeal muscle is an androgen target tissue with sexually dimorphic levels of binding in adults. PMID- 3495468 TI - Analysis of promoter and enhancer cell type specificities and the regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression. AB - We have analysed the properties of IgH promoter (VH) and enhancer (Ig) regions which were used to drive the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene (cat) in recombinant plasmids. We observe little synergistic effect between the VH promoter and Ig enhancer on cat gene expression in our constructs. Replacing the VH promoter by the thymidine kinase (TK) promoter does not affect the enhancer-mediated B-cell-specific expression of the cat gene. However, replacement of the VH promoter by the mouse renin gene promoter, which is not normally expressed in B cells, completely abolishes cat gene expression in cells of this lineage. When the Ig enhancer is replaced by the SV40 enhancer (SV), CAT activity is restricted to B cells. The VH promoter is as efficient as the TK promoter in a preB cell line. Extending the size of the VH promoter fragment to include sequences between 126 to 639 bp upstream from the transcription start point results in an eight-fold decrease in CAT activity. In this situation, the tissue specificity of the promoter cat fusion is maintained. Among the various combinations tested here, the association of the TK promoter and the Ig enhancer expresses the cat gene most efficiently. The implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 3495469 TI - The place of elective vitrectomy in the management of patients with Candida endophthalmitis. AB - A general review of the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis is undertaken, with particular emphasis on the efficacy of various drugs currently in use. Their absorption by the eye when given systemically is also considered. The limitations of medical treatment for this condition are discussed and the theoretical reasons for vitrectomy considered. Six cases that underwent vitrectomy are reviewed, and the indications for vitrectomy in Candida endophthalmitis are discussed. A tentative overall plan for the management of such cases is given. PMID- 3495470 TI - Faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin and excretion of 111indium granulocytes in assessment of disease activity in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. AB - Intestinal protein loss in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases may be easily determined by measurement of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) stool concentration and alpha 1-AT clearance. Both parameters were significantly raised in 36 and 34 patients respectively with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, compared with eight patients with non-inflammatory bowel diseases, or 19 healthy volunteers. There was wide range of overlap between active and inactive inflammatory disease. Contrary to serum alpha 1-AT, faecal excretion and clearance of alpha 1-AT did not correlate with ESR, serum-albumin, orosomucoid, and two indices of disease activity. A comparison of alpha 1-AT faecal excretion and clearance with the faecal excretion of 111In labelled granulocytes in 27 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, showed no correlation between the intestinal protein loss and this highly specific marker of intestinal inflammation. Enteric protein loss expressed by faecal excretion and clearance of alpha 1-AT does not depend on mucosal inflammation only, but may be influenced by other factors. PMID- 3495471 TI - Histopathology of intestinal inflammation related to reactive arthritis. AB - This study has identified a group of patients with inflammatory chronic, or relapsing acute arthritis who even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms have histological evidence of ileocolitis. At colonoscopy simultaneous biopsies of the terminal ileum and colon were taken from 108 patients with reactive arthritis (n = 55) or ankylosing spondylitis (n = 53), 47 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 19 control patients suffering from colonic polyps, adenocarcinoma, or chronic constipation. All control patients and all but one patient with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lumbar back ache, and psoriatic arthritis did not have histological evidence of acute or chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, in 30 of 35 (56.6%) patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and in 37 of 55 (67%) patients with reactive arthritis, regardless of HLA B27 phenotype, there was histological evidence of inflammatory bowel disease with features either of acute enterocolitis, or early Crohn's disease. Only 18 of 67 (27%) of the patients with histological gut inflammation, however, had intestinal symptoms. PMID- 3495472 TI - Improved specificity of the PABA test with p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). AB - Until now use of the PABA test together with [14C] PABA to calculate the PABA excretion index has probably been the best adaptation suggested to enhance the specificity of this non-invasive pancreatic function test. Drawbacks of the method are the application of radioactivity, the fact that children, pregnant women, and patients with renal insufficiency have to be excluded from the test, and the possible interference of drugs and isotopes. We propose simultaneous administration of p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) in the PABA test and quantification of the urinary PABA and PAS excretion with liquid chromatography. Urinary PABA and PAS excretion in six hours are comparable (69.5 +/- 8.4% and 65.6 +/- 18.4% respectively in five healthy volunteers). Application of the PABA/PAS ratio was compared with the urinary PABA excretion in 21 normal controls, 38 patients with pancreatic disease, and 42 patients without pancreatic pathology. The PABA/PAS ratio and the per cent PABA excretion correlated very well in pancreatic patients: (PABA/PAS ratio) = 0.0149 (% PABA) + 0.052 (r = 0.902). Use of the PABA/PAS ratio enhanced the specificity of the test from 76 to 89%. PMID- 3495473 TI - [Terrien's disease]. PMID- 3495475 TI - [Away from heroin--toward cocaine? Changes in the drug scene?]. PMID- 3495474 TI - [AIDS in Africa--a challenge. Current knowledge and possible consequences]. PMID- 3495476 TI - [Mortality of hospitalized psychiatric patients--results of a 10-year study]. AB - The mortality rate of 1239 psychiatric patients--609 men and 639 women, aged between 40 and 70 years, permanently hospitalized in 6 different German clinics- was registered, ten years after they had been examined for the incidence of cardiac risk factors in 1971 and 1972. The death rate figures were compared with the corresponding figures of the total population of the Federal Republic of Germany. In all age-groups mortality among psychiatric patients, both male and female, was higher than the average rate at Federal level. The gap narrowed with increasing age. With male patients the most frequent cause of death were cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory diseases and malignant growths, whereas with women respiratory diseases were the primary cause of death. In comparison to the population of the Federal Republic of Germany considerably more patients died of respiratory diseases--according to age and sex the death rate was up to ten times higher. This was due to the high percentage of lethal pneumonia. The number of deaths in which the cause was unknown was also higher than the national average. A remarkably high percentage of the patients (27%) died suddenly and unexpectedly. In some age-groups fewer patients died of malignant growths than at Federal level. Death caused by cardiovascular diseases was only more frequent among younger patients. Among men acute ischaemic heart diseases were the most frequent cause of cardiac failure. Death due to cerebral sclerotic diseases was remarkably reduced among older patients, probably as a result of a less high incidence of hypertension. PMID- 3495477 TI - [Molecular genetic study of 21-hydroxylase deficiency gene conversion as a molecular mechanism of monogenic disorder]. PMID- 3495478 TI - Exercise hypertension in the perspective of systemic arterial hypertension. An overview. AB - Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the most wide-spread diseases in the world. It is a chronic disease with a very long asymptomatic phase. At an estimated prevalence in the developed countries of 15 to 20%, it can be assumed that approximately 80% of men and 60% of women with hypertension are either unaware of their condition or are not treated adequately. These figures show that reliable diagnostic measures are needed to provide efficient detection of high blood pressure in a given population. In this regard, exercise testing has proven particularly well-suited. Using standardized ergometry, patients with latent, borderline or manifest hypertension can be identified. Exercise hypertension is defined on the basis of an abnormal blood pressure increase during physical exercise in persons with normal blood pressure at rest. Because of marked interindividual fluctuation in blood pressure, values measured at rest may be of only limited usefulness in the diagnosis of hypertension. In contrast, the blood pressure during dynamic exercise may be particularly informative with respect to probability of future development of manifest hypertension and treatment of high blood pressure. Long-term studies have shown that within five years up to one third of patients with exercise hypertension develop manifest hypertension at rest. Based on the Canada Fitness Survey data indicating that about 2% of the population demonstrate exercise hypertension, it can be estimated that approximately 200,000 Canadians will develop manifest hypertension within five years. Similar statistics are also applicable for most of the developed countries of the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495479 TI - Bf and C3 polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Properdin factor B (Bf) and complement C3 polymorphisms were studied in 225 unrelated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from North-East England. Patients were subdivided on the presence or absence of significant titres of rheumatoid factor and antinuclear factor. No association with the C3 system was detected. For the Bf system, a significant excess of Bf SS and deficiency of Bf FS phenotypes was observed in seropositive RA patients lacking antinuclear antibodies. This finding suggests that auto-antibody-defined subgroups of RA may be genetically heterogeneous with respect to Bf and confirms the status of Bf SS phenotype as a marker for RA susceptibility and/or severity. PMID- 3495480 TI - Protease inhibitor subtypes in some population groups from Israel. AB - Results of protease inhibitor (PI) subtyping on polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing of 599 Israeli non-Jews and 1,393 Israeli Jews are recorded. A discriminant analysis (DS) was performed on frequency data of the 5 PI alleles (M1, M2, M3, S and Z) with data of Europeans, Israeli non-Jews and Israeli Jews. A higher percentage of correct classification was obtained when Jews were treated as a separate population group rather than when distributed in their areas of origin. This suggests a greater resemblance, in the PI system, of the studied Jewish groups to each other than of the European Jews to Europeans and of the studied mediterranean Jews to Middle Eastern non-Jews. A cluster analysis disclosed distance relationships in a similar direction. PI allele distribution, in the studied Jewish samples, has the following characteristics: Jews share with Middle Eastern non-Jews an absence of PIZ, which is present in Europeans. Mediterranean Jews have higher frequencies than Ashkenazi Jews, of PIS alleles, which are absent in Middle Eastern non-Jews. European Jews are closer to the Europeans than Middle Eastern Jews in their PIM allele frequencies. An original common gene pool of Jews with Middle Eastern non-Jews is postulated, of which the Sephardic (Spanish) and Middle Eastern Jews differ, now, in having PIS, and European Jews differ in having slightly lower PIM3 and PIM2 and higher PIM1 frequencies. A possibility of admixture and selection, affecting different alleles in different Jewish communities at different times, is suggested to have contributed to the present-day deviations from the supposed original gene pool. PMID- 3495481 TI - Specificity analysis of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies. AB - The specificity of a panel of murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies for DNA antigenic determinants was evaluated by testing their relative binding to various animal and bacterial DNAs. The antibody panel consisted of six monoclonal anti DNAs of MRL-lpr/lpr and B6-lpr/lpr origin, while the antigens tested were calf thymus (CT), salmon testes (ST), E. coli (EC) and Micrococcus (MC) DNA. While all antibodies bound to CT, ST, and EC DNA to a similar extent by direct ELISA, only one showed an equivalent level of interaction with MC DNA. The relationship of antigenic sites recognized by the antibodies was evaluated further by competition ELISA, assessing the ability of the anti-DNAs to block the interaction of a biotinylated anti-DNA with solid-phase DNA antigen. For each of the DNAs tested, two patterns of DNA interaction could be distinguished on the basis of the relative inhibitory activity of the different monoclonals. These results suggest that anti-DNA antibodies can be characterized using naturally occurring DNAs, with the observed patterns of binding suggesting recognition of unique antigenic sites, some of which are discrete and non-overlapping. PMID- 3495482 TI - T-24.B-cell differentiation factor induces immunoglobulin secretion in human B cells without prior cell replication. AB - Stimulation of B lymphocytes from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has shown that these cells are capable of differentiation (Totterman, Nilsson & Sundstrom, 1980). Increases in the expression of different class II MHC antigens (Guy et al., 1983, 1986) and responsiveness to growth factors (Kabelitz et al., 1985; Suzuki, Butler & Cooper, 1985) have been studied. Supernatant from the human bladder carcinoma line T-24 contains a B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF) able to induce immunoglobulin secretion from CESS cells. We investigated the induction of proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion in human B cells by studying the effects of this factor on B-CLL cells, in both the presence and absence of TPA. We report here that this material (termed T-24.BCDF) causes immunoglobulin secretion to be initiated in these cells, and that this is not accompanied by detectable DNA synthesis. These observations were extended to normal human B cells and demonstrate that human B cells can secrete immunoglobulin in the absence of clonal expansion. PMID- 3495483 TI - Purification and partial biochemical characterization of IgE-binding factors secreted by a human B lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - IgE-binding factors (IgE-BFs) were purified from the culture supernatant of RPMI 8866 cells, a human lymphoblastoid B-cell line expressing IgE receptors. The material, purified by affinity-chromatography on immunoadsorbents coupled to IgE or to monoclonal antibody against IgE receptor, was comprised of two major components with apparent molecular weight (MW) of 25,000-27,000 and 12,000, as determined by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Only the 25,000-27,000 MW molecules were identified as IgE-BFs, as demonstrated by their reactivity with MabER in the Western blot and the immunoprecipitation assays, and their ability to inhibit rosette formation of U937 cells with IgE- but not with IgG-coated erythrocytes. IgE-BFs were purified to homogeneity by combining affinity-chromatography and either DEAE-ion exchange or reverse-phase chromatography on an HPLC system. Chromatofocusing analysis demonstrated the microheterogeneity of IgE-BFs that were comprised of molecules with isoelectric points ranging from 5.0 to 4.4. IgE BFs were sensitive to treatment with O-glycosidase but not with N-glycanase. These molecules were resistant to heat and to pH ranging from 2 to 9; their immunoreactivity was lost after treatment with trypsin and pepsin. Papain digestion of purified IgE-BFs generated 14,000-16,000 MW molecules that were still binding to IgE and to MabER. PMID- 3495484 TI - An intrathyroidal T-cell clone specifically cytotoxic for human thyroid cells. AB - We have isolated the first human T-cell clone (IM8) that is specifically cytotoxic to autologous human thyroid cells. In order to obtain primary immunologically reactive cells in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, we cloned, by limiting dilution, in vivo activated intrathyroidal T lymphocytes against thyroid antigens. Clone IM8 expresses CD8 surface antigen, has no activity against autologous or allogeneic mitogen-stimulated lymphoblast cells or allogeneic thyroid cells, and does not lyse K562 cells, implying a lack of natural killer (NK) activity. This observation suggests a role for IM8-like clones in the immunopathology of human autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3495485 TI - Polyclonal B-cell activation by a synthetic analogue of bacterial lipoprotein is functionally different from activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - The reactivity of 38 murine strains to a synthetic analogue of bacterial lipoprotein, tripalmitoyl-pentapeptide (TPP), was tested and compared with the reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These strains include common laboratory mice and H-2 recombinant inbred lines, as well as some newly bred lines originating from animals recently captured in different regions of Europe. All animals analysed were reactive to TPP and polyclonally activated to proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis. Large differences in mitogen reactivities of various H-2 recombinant inbred strains suggest that MHC or closely linked gene products influence the reactivity to the LPS and TPP mitogens. By analysing the frequencies of precursor cells reactive to TPP or LPS and the isotype patterns obtained after stimulation, we demonstrated that both mitogens activate individual B cells in different ways. PMID- 3495486 TI - Potentiation of interleukin-2 activity by levamisole and imidazole. AB - Levamisole, a known antihelminthic drug, was able to affect IL-2 dependent proliferation of several T lymphocyte clones. Although levamisole did not replace IL-2 and had no effect at saturating IL-2 concentrations, it reduced by 2- to 4 fold the dose of IL-2 required to give 50% of the maximal DNA synthesis, the optimal concentration of levamisole being between 1 to 3 X 10(-4) M. This effect of levamisole was not due to an alteration of the kinetics of thymidine incorporation. Imidazole and other imidazole ring containing compounds, but not thiol-containing compounds, had similar effects to those of levamisole, suggesting a role of the imidazole ring in the potentiation of IL-2 activity. PMID- 3495487 TI - Binding and cytotoxic effect of ricin toxin on multivalent hybrid antibody-coated target cells. AB - Multivalent hybrid antibodies with dual specificity were prepared by cross linking with protein A two antibodies of different specificity, one against ricin toxin and the other against the H-2 antigens of murine leukemia EL4 cells. This bifunctional antibody specifically attached to EL4 cells was able to capture ricin toxin (RcA2) molecules with an affinity 20 times higher than that of the galactose-containing glycoproteins of the cell surface (nonspecific binding). The hybrid-bound RcA2 gained access into the target cell cytoplasm by endocytosis and blocked [3H]thymidine incorporation as efficiently as free RcA2 does on nontreated EL4 cells (3.3 X 10(-11) M). These results indicate that multivalent hybrid antibody, easy to prepare in purified form and endowed with high affinity for both target cell and ricin toxin, may be utilized efficiently for the specific delivery of toxins to target cells. PMID- 3495488 TI - Activation of the classical complement pathway by BioRex-70. AB - The cation exchange resin BioRex-70 was able to activate the classical complement pathway in human serum at 37 degrees C over the resin concentration range 0-5% (v/v). Using zymosan-treated human serum, it was found that the activation proceeded as far as complement protein C3. PMID- 3495489 TI - Antitumor activity against L1210 mouse leukemia of immunotoxins containing a monoclonal antibody to the glycolipid globotriaosylceramide. AB - Since immunotoxin (IT) containing the antiglobotriaosylceramide monoclonal antibody was found to be cytotoxic in murine L1210 leukemia cells, its potential antitumor activity could be evaluated in animals using the L1210 model. In vitro, L1210 cells incubated IT before grafting in DBA/2 mice failed to induce leukemia. All tumor cells were neutralized by IT. In animals, a significant but limited therapeutic effect on leukemic mice was obtained when IT was injected i.p. shortly after L1210 cell grafting. In contrast, no toxic effect of IT was observed in non-leukemic mice at doses far above those used in our therapeutic treatment. The potentiation effect of chloroquine on IT was moderated when a cloning efficiency assay was used, but 70% of the mice grafted with in vitro chloroquine-treated L1210 cells were cured with IT treatment. PMID- 3495490 TI - Recombinant interleukin-2 inhibits growth of human tumor xenografts in congenitally athymic mice. AB - Administration of human recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) into congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice carrying subcutaneous transplants of HeLa, HU 609T and T24B human carcinoma cells partially inhibited growth of the human tumor xenografts. In vitro activation of nu/nu spleen cells with human RIL-2 resulted in generation of killer cells showing in the 51Cr cytotoxicity assay similar levels of cytolysis as RIL-2-activated spleen cells from heterozygous (nu/+) mice. The RIL 2-activated (LAK) cells were cytotoxic for a variety of mouse and human tumors, reaching the peak of their cytotoxic activity after 3 days of cultivation in the RIL-2-containing medium. The cytotoxic activity of activated nu/nu spleen cells was significantly reduced by treatment with antibody against glycolipid asialo GM1, the differentiation antigen of natural killer (NK) cells. This finding suggests that in addition to the conventional, asialo GM1- LAK cells, asialo GM1+ activated NK cells participated in the cytotoxicity displayed by the IL-2 activated nu/nu killer spleen cells. PMID- 3495491 TI - Mucosal abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with portal hypertension: a reappraisal. PMID- 3495492 TI - Need for a national control programme for acute respiratory infections. PMID- 3495494 TI - Epidemiology of measles in a rural community. PMID- 3495493 TI - Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections. PMID- 3495495 TI - Infectious mononucleosis: increase of high-affinity E-receptor-bearing lymphocytes. AB - The increase of T lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis (IM) is shown to be due to an increase of 'active' (early erythrocyte rosette-forming) T cells: 67.2 +/- 18.3% of IM lymphocytes were 'active' versus 34.7 +/- 14.9% of control lymphocytes. IM was also associated with an increase of lymphocytes demonstrating E receptors at 20 degrees C (E20-R). This phenomenon was not related to the heterophile antibody titre and could not be demonstrated with ox or rabbit erythrocytes. Patients with other lymphoproliferative diseases did not show an increase of E20-R-positive cells or of 'active' erythrocyte rosette-forming cells (E-RFC). Re-rosetting experiments indicated that E20-R and 'active' E-RFC belong to overlapping populations of cells. A double-gradient separation technique was shown to be superior to the conventional Ficoll-Isopaque method for the demonstration of 'active' and total T cells. A high proportion of T lymphocytes were also recovered in the granulocyte layer by this technique, indicating a selective loss of these cells by the conventional technique. PMID- 3495497 TI - Model for quantifying the drug involvement of medical students. AB - We have applied a two-parameter normal item-response model to analyze data on "drugs ever used" by freshman medical students, then used the result to predict their subsequent drug use patterns over the first 18 months of medical school. Our results provide strong evidence for the existence of a single latent dimension of "drug involvement," and they demonstrate that a student's initial position on this dimension predicts subsequent drug use well. The model applies to male and female students equally well, suggesting the dimension is not sex specific. Students' drug use is cumulative in the sense that an individual tends to add new drugs to all previous drugs, rather than "graduating" from a previous to a new drug, as he/she becomes more "drug involved." Greater "drug involvement" is also associated with more frequent use of most drug categories. PMID- 3495496 TI - A comparison of fresh and cultured T lymphocytes from patients with ataxia telangiectasia using T-cell subset markers and chromosome translocations. AB - Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which patients show an unusual predisposition to lymphoid malignancies including T-cell leukaemia. We compare here the surface phenotypes of fresh and cultured A-T T cells. A total of 17 T-cell cultures from 8 A-T patients are compared with each other and with 5 T-cell cultures from normal individuals. The large, cytogenetically abnormal t(14;14) and t(X;14) clones in 2 of the patients both occurred only in the CD8+ population of T lymphocytes. There was no difference in the rate of growth of A-T T cells in vitro compared with those from normal individuals, although many of the original characteristics of the T cells were lost, including the cytogenetically abnormal clones seen in fresh A-T lymphocytes. PMID- 3495499 TI - Characterization of PHA and anti-T3 induced transduction mechanisms in a human T cell leukaemia line. AB - Stimulation of the T-cell line JURKAT with PHA or anti-T3 antibody leads to a rapid and sustained rise of cytosolic free Ca2+, as determined by quin2 fluorescence measurements. Pertussis toxin and N-ethylmaleimide, substances known to inactivate a regulatory N-protein, caused partial to complete inhibition of the cytosolic free Ca2+ response induced both by anti-T3 or PHA. The high cytosolic free Ca2+ level induced by anti-T3 or PHA declined more rapidly after addition of phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PMA did not affect cytosolic free Ca2+ changes induced by ionomycin indicating that the effect of PMA is due to a direct inhibitory effect on a transduction mechanism and not to activation of Ca2+ extrusion. Our data suggest that a regulatory N-protein is involved in the transduction of the PHA and anti-T3 response into a rapid and sustained elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+. Activation of protein kinase C by PMA modulates the calcium response in JURKAT cells, suggesting that protein kinase C may be involved in feedback regulation of the transduction mechanism. PMID- 3495498 TI - Some aspects of "deep lung" cellular immunity in chronic bronchitis before and after therapy with tiopronin. AB - Fifteen patients suffering from obstructive chronic bronchopneumonia in a clinical steady-state phase received 0.6 g of tiopronin once a day during 10 days per os. The lymphocyte subsets (OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8) have been identified in peripheral blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage liquid (BAL) before and after treatment and phagocytosis has been evaluated in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) (phagocytosis index, phagocytosis percentage, superoxide-ion production). A highly significant improvement in the phagocytosis process has been observed in the PAM, as well as an increase in the number of lymphocytes T3 and in the T4/T8 ratio (due to an increase in T4 lymphocytes) in the BAL; while in peripheral blood T3 and T4 lymphocytes and the T4/T8 ratio only showed a nonsignificant increase after treatment. The possible mechanisms on which these variations are based have been investigated. PMID- 3495500 TI - The effect of low doses of prednisolone on T-cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Prednisolone intake causes a drop in the absolute numbers of circulating T-cell populations. OKT4+ (helper-inducer) cells are more susceptible to this. Higher doses are needed to depress OKT8+ (suppressor-cytotoxic) cell numbers. Administration of up to 10 mg prednisolone affects the suppressor-cytotoxic (OKT8+) absolute cell numbers only in patients with initially low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratios and not the values of OKT8+ cells in patients with high OKT4+/OKT8+ ratios, since these patients already have low OKT8+ cell counts. PMID- 3495501 TI - Immunological abnormalities in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis--II. Effect of antiarthritic therapy on immune function in relation to disease development. AB - The effects of the experimental immunomodulatory agent tilomisole (Wy-18,251; (3 (p-chlorophenyl) thiazolo [3,2-a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid) on disease development and immune function in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis was assessed in comparison with indomethacin and levamisole. Daily p.o. administration of tilomisole (100-200 mg/kg/day) to M. butyricum-injected rats significantly reduced both edema and bone erosion in the uninjected paw. Moreover, tilomisole treatment restored to normal the diminished Con A-induced proliferative response and IL 2 synthesis observed in spleen cells from arthritic rats, but had no effect on macrophage IL 1 production. In contrast, levamisole treatment (25 mg/kg/day) of arthritic rats improved splenic immune function but did not influence paw edema or bone erosion. Conversely, indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced paw edema and bone erosion but did not improve the deficient proliferative response or IL 2 synthesis by "arthritic" spleen cells. These results indicate that tilomisole possesses combined antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in adjuvant-arthritic rats which is distinctly different from the effects of either indomethacin or levamisole. Moreover, these data suggest that tilomisole has potential disease-modifying activity in arthritis, which is currently being more closely examined in clinical trials. PMID- 3495502 TI - Differential effect of MDP treatment on magnesium in rat tissues. AB - Magnesium determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry on several tissues of MDP-treated and control rats. Sixteen hours after a single administration of 1 mg of MDP, Mg concentrations were increased in both the liver and the adrenals. After three daily injections of the same MDP doses, statistically significant increases of Mg concentration were observed in the liver, the brain and the adrenals. For the latter, however, the results were significant only when Mg concentrations were referred to the weight of tissue water but not when they were referred to the dry weight. Blood, thymus, spleen, kidneys, cardiac and skeletal muscle Mg determinations were also performed; no significant effect of MDP has been observed under our experimental conditions. The present results show that MDP modifies the distribution of Mg in various compartments of the body and suggest the possible role of Mg in some biological actions of MDP. PMID- 3495503 TI - The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of murine monoclonal antibodies and of gelonin conjugates of these antibodies. AB - We studied in mice the in vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicity of murine monoclonal antibodies (MCA) and of disulfide-linked MCA conjugates of gelonin, a ribosomal inhibitor prepared from the seeds of Gelonium multiflorum. Iodinated MCA with specificity for human determinants and of gamma 1 or gamma 2a isotype had a circulatory half life (T 1/2) in the mouse of 4 days, which is consistent with previously published estimates of the circulatory T 1/2 of heterogeneous murine IgG. Iodinated murine MCA with specificity for murine determinants had a much shorter T 1/2, probably reflecting antigen binding. This effect could be partially overcome by the simultaneous injection of unlabeled MCA of identical specificity. Clearance of MCA-gelonin conjugates was characterized by an initial rapid phase lasting 8-12 h with a T 1/2 or from 4 to 7 h, followed by a slower clearance phase with T 1/2 approaching that of MCA. Moreover, the presence of significant amounts of intact conjugate in the murine circulation was demonstrable, by SDS gel electrophoresis, for up to 48 h post injection. Intraperitoneal injection of MCA-gelonin conjugate resulted in circulating levels identical to those achieved after i.v. administration after an initial 4 h equilibration. The LD50 of MCA-gelonin conjugates was approximately 25 mg/kg (i.v.) while that of gelonin was approximately 75 mg/kg (i.v.) MCA alone showed no toxicity in doses in excess of 150 mg/kg. At doses below the LD50 immunoconjugates caused a dose-dependent reversible weight loss. The main site of toxicity of MCA-gelonin conjugates was the liver; histopathological examination revealed dose-dependent foci of necrosis and acute inflammation. No pathology was observed in lung, spleen, kidney, gut or brain. The relationship to previous work in this area is discussed. PMID- 3495504 TI - Inhibition of contact sensitivity to oxazolone by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoroperazine. AB - Topical application of trifluoroperazine (TFP), a calmodulin inhibitor, on the skin of CBA mice previously immunized with 2-phenyl-4-ethoximethylene-oxazolone (oxazolone) blocks the expression phase of contact sensitivity. More detailed analysis of the TFP-mediated inhibition of contact sensitivity shows that TFP significantly suppresses the passive transfer of contact sensitivity when added in vitro to oxazolone-immune cells at a molar concentration of 10(-4) -10(-5). Furthermore, the DNA synthesis of draining lymph node cells from immune mice challenged with oxazolone was suppressed when cultured in the presence of TFP. The exposure of spleen and lymph node cells from immune animals to recombinant IL 2 fails to modify the TFP-mediated inhibition of passive transfer and cell proliferation. The TFP topical application opens the possibility to use this compound in the treatment of delayed hypersensitivity-caused skin disorders. PMID- 3495505 TI - Anaemia as a prognostic factor for the therapeutic effect of radiosensitizers. AB - Results are reported of a clinical trial on the effect of metronidazole as an adjuvant radiosensitizer in the radiation treatment of cervix carcinomas in advanced stages. Analysis of the results was made with regard to the local clearance of the tumour and with haemoglobin level as a stratifying factor (less than 120 g/l or greater than/equal to 120 g/l at presentation). With no metronidazole treatment, the results in anaemic patients were inferior in comparison to patients with normal haemoglobin level. Metronidazole significantly improved the results in the anaemic cases, but had no effect on the non-anaemic patients. Without stratification with respect to anaemia, no significant difference between the metronidazole-treated and untreated control group was noted. It is concluded that anaemia has a prognostic value, and anaemic patients may represent a particular group for which hypoxic cell sensitizers can be expected to improve the effect of radiotherapy. PMID- 3495506 TI - The adaptive response of mouse tumours to anaemia and retransfusion. AB - We have developed exchange transfusion methods to alter the hematocrit of tumour bearing mice. The effects of anaemia and its correction by blood transfusion on the radiosensitivity of two mouse tumours (SCCVII/St and RIF-1) were studied using excision, in vivo/in vitro assay. An acute reduction in haematocrit caused a high degree of radioresistance equivalent to an increase in the hypoxic fractions by factors of 10 (SCCVII/St) and 30 (RIF-1). As the duration of the anaemia was prolonged, radioresistance was lost until within about 6 h normal radiosensitivity was observed even though the anaemia persisted. The restoration of the normal haematocrit by red blood cell transfusion after 24 h of anaemia caused increased radiosensitivity equivalent to a reduction in the hypoxic fraction by factors of 5 (SCCVII/St) and 10 (RIF-1), but again the effect was transient and normal radiosensitivity was re-established within 24-48 h of retransfusion. Measurements of 14C misonidazole (MISO) binding to RIF-1 tumours after these procedures indicated changes in the number of hypoxic cells which were qualitatively almost identical to those using the cell survival endpoint, leading us to believe that changes in oxygenation were responsible for the altered radiosensitivity. We feel that transfusion procedures could be used to advantage in the radiotherapy of some cancers. PMID- 3495507 TI - The inhibitory effect of succinate on radiation-enhanced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. AB - The degree of mitochondrial ADP/Fe/NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation was increased up to the fourth day after 9.0 Gy whole body gamma-irradiation. The lipid peroxidation inhibiting effect of succinate added to isolated mitochondria was diminished as a consequence of irradiation. The succinate, administered in vivo prior to irradiation, decreased the amount of malondialdehyde production and protected the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme against inactivation. The mean survival of succinate-pretreated animals was much longer than that of controls. The role of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of radiation injury is discussed. PMID- 3495508 TI - Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation: influence of oxygen concentration and membrane lipid composition. AB - Radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in phospholipid liposomes was investigated in terms of its dependence on lipid composition and oxygen concentration. Non peroxidizable lipid incorporated in the liposomes reduced the rate of peroxidation of the peroxidizable phospholipid acyl chains, possibly by restricting the length of chain reactions. The latter effect is believed to be caused by interference of the non-peroxidizable lipids in the bilayer. At low oxygen concentration lipid peroxidation was reduced. The cause of this limited peroxidation may be a reduced number of radical initiation reactions possibly involving oxygen-derived superoxide radicals. Killing of proliferating mammalian cells, irradiated at oxygen concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 per cent, appeared to be independent of the concentration of peroxidizable phospholipids in the cell membranes. This indicates that lipid peroxidation is not the determining process in radiation-induced reproductive cell death. PMID- 3495509 TI - Hypoxia-selective radiosensitization of mammalian cells by nitracrine, an electron-affinic DNA intercalator. AB - The radiosensitizing ability of the 1-nitroacridine nitracrine (NC) is of interest since it is an example of a DNA intercalating agent with an electron affinic nitro group. NC radiosensitization was evaluated in Chinese hamster ovary cell (AA8) cultures at 4 degrees C in order to suppress the rapid metabolism and potent cytotoxicity of the drug. Under hypoxic conditions, submicromolar concentrations of NC resulted in sensitization (SER = 1.6 at 1 mumol dm-3). Sensitization was also seen under aerobic conditions but a concentration more than 10-fold higher was required. In aerobic cultures NC radiosensitization was independent of whether cells were exposed before and during, or after, irradiation. Postirradiation sensitization was not observed under hypoxic conditions. The time dependence of NC uptake and the development of radiosensitization were similar (maximal at 30 min at 4 degrees C under hypoxia) suggesting that sensitization, unlike cytotoxicity, is due to unmetabolized drug. NC is about 1700 times more potent as a radiosensitizer than misonidazole. This high potency is adequately accounted for by the electron affinity of NC (E(1) value at pH7 of -275 mV versus NHE) and by its accumulation in cells to give intracellular concentrations approximately 30 times greater than in the medium. However, concentrations of free NC appear to be low in AA8 cells, presumably because of DNA binding. If radiosensitization by NC is due to bound rather than free drug, it suggests that intercalated NC can interact very efficiently with DNA target radicals. This is despite a binding ratio in the cell estimated as less than 1 NC molecule/400 base pairs under conditions providing efficient sensitization. This work suggests a new approach in the search for more effective clinical radiosensitizers, and poses questions on the means by which intercalated drugs can interact with DNA damage. PMID- 3495510 TI - Post-irradiation modification of oxygen-dependent and independent damage by catalase in barley seeds. AB - If H2O2 is one of the major mediators of the 'oxygen effect' in biological systems then catalase, which enzymically decomposes H2O2 should have a significant influence on radiation damage, particularly under oxygenated conditions. The post-irradiation (300 Gy gamma rays) effect of catalase was, therefore, assessed on barley seeds of about 4 per cent moisture content under oxygenated and oxygen-free conditions at varying temperatures. Catalase affords concentration-dependent radioprotection under oxygenated condition at both 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C. The level of protection at 4 degrees C is less than at 25 degrees C. This is obviously due to a decrease in catalase activity at low temperature. Under oxygen-free conditions, catalase enhances radiation damage at 4 degrees C while at 25 degrees C it has no effect. This has been substantiated by data on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and on peroxidase activity. Sodium azide, a catalase inhibitor, was found to eliminate the radioprotective action of catalase. The study supports the view that the 'oxygen effect' is mediated largely through peroxides in irradiated biological systems. However, the observations made particularly at 4 degrees C under oxygen-free condition seem to involve physicochemical reactions. PMID- 3495512 TI - Effects of fractionated X-irradiation on subsequent response to acute X irradiation in two human tumour cell lines in vitro. AB - The exposure of two human tumour cell lines, one derived from a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (HN-1) and the other from an adenocarcinoma of the breast (MCF-7), to fractionated X-irradiation in vitro, resulted in altered sensitivity to subsequent acute X-irradiation exposure in the former but not the latter tumour cell type. The X-ray-pretreated HN-1 cells, designated HN-1/DXR11 cells, showed a significantly increased sensitivity to X-irradiation with a D0 of 0.97 Gy, compared with a figure of 1.39 Gy for the parental cells. No significant changes were noted in a number of basic cell kinetic or biological parameters in the X-ray-pretreated cells. However, this enhanced X-ray sensitivity in the HN 1/DXR11 cells was associated with decreased cellular levels of total intracellular glutathione. These findings are consistent with the theory that intracellular thiols are involved in protection from radiation damage. This is one of the first observations that prior exposure to X-irradiation can modify subsequent responses to acute X-irradiation treatment in human tumour cells. PMID- 3495513 TI - Distribution of 239Pu in the skeleton of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) between 15 and 50 months after injection. AB - The macroscopic and microscopic distribution of intramuscularly injected, essentially monomeric, 239Pu was studied in the skeleton of the adult tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). Data for the period between 15 and 50 months after injection are presented and compared with the data from earlier time points. Between 83 and 500 days after injection the nuclide content and the wet weight of the skeleton decreased to a constant level at about 55 per cent of the maximum values. The microscopic distribution has been analysed in distal femora, proximal humerus, proximal tibia and lumbar vertebra over the whole observation time; additionally at some selected time points proximal femur, femur shaft, distal humerus and distal tibia were analysed. The initial endosteal surface activity ranged from 3.8 to 5.3 Bq/cm2 and decreased to a minimum at about 1000 days after injection and increased thereafter. A similar behaviour was found for the dose rate near bone surfaces which was initially about 0.075 Gy/day on endosteal surfaces. In the deep bone and the deep marrow the dose rate was negligible, about 0.008 Gy/day and 0.001 Gy/day, respectively. The average cumulative dose 1500 days after injection was about 67 Gy on the endosteum, six times greater than the cumulative dose calculated from the mean concentration of plutonium in the whole skeleton. All values are normalized to an injected activity of 37 kBq/kg body weight. The tupaia data are discussed in relation to the available data from monkeys, dogs and rats. PMID- 3495511 TI - DNA strand breakage in Chinese hamster V79 cells caused by low levels of incorporated [3H] and [14C]thymidine. AB - A sensitive alkali-unwinding assay was used to measure DNA strand breakage in Chinese hamster V79 cells caused by low-level incorporation of methyl-labelled [3H] and [14C] thymidine, and to estimate the effective dose per disintegration relative to low doses of gamma-irradiation. Damage equivalent to 0.0035 +/- 0.0006 and 0.0014 +/- 0.0005 Gy was observed for each 3H and 14C disintegration respectively. These values agree well with those expected from the estimated nuclear radiation dose delivered by the beta particles if a relative biological effect (r.b.e.) of 1.0 is assumed, and suggest that strand-breakage produced by these isotopes is determined by the nuclear radiation dose delivered by the beta particles. PMID- 3495514 TI - The influence of lethal mutations on the quantification of radiation transformation frequencies. AB - Transformation frequencies for gamma irradiated C3H 10T1/2 cells have been analysed, taking account of the occurrence of lethal mutations in these cells. Lethal mutations already noted by these authors in primary thyroid and established CHO K1 cells occur at high levels in C3H 10T1/2 cells and lead, therefore, to considerable underestimates of transformation frequency, particularly at high doses where this is expressed on a per surviving cell basis. The results may help to provide an explanation for the dose response plateau which is seen when these cells are irradiated and transformed foci per surviving cell are scored. PMID- 3495515 TI - Abstracts of the 20th annual meeting of the European Society for Radiation Biology. Pisa, 15-19 September 1986. PMID- 3495516 TI - Emergence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and therapy of colonized personnel during a hospital-wide outbreak. AB - At the Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center, 30 patients over a 6 month period became nosocomially infected or colonized by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate institution of strict infection control measures, in conjunction with surveillance cultures of personnel and treatment of carriers, did not limit spread of the outbreak strain of MRSA. Multiple nonoutbreak strains, phenotypically exhibiting heteroresistance, were also uncovered. Thirteen hospital personnel were identified as MRSA carriers. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and rifampin initially eradicated the carrier state, documented by anterior nares cultures in 13 courses of treatment in 11 employees. However, three employees were recolonized, one at one month, one at both one and four months, and one at four months. Treatment of the carrier state reservoir among personnel appeared to have no effect on the emergence and spread of nosocomial MRSA. PMID- 3495517 TI - Lymphotoxin activity of regional lymph nodes of cancer patients and its relation to stages of cancer and the regulatory role of macrophages. AB - Lymphotoxin (LT) activity of regional lymph nodes from patients with uterine cervical cancer and patients with gastric cancer was studied. LT release from PHA stimulated lymph node cells was decreased slightly in stage I of uterine cervical cancer and gastric cancer. Decrease of LT release was pronounced in advanced stages of both types of cancer. Spontaneous LT release by unstimulated lymph node cells was high in 8 of 20 internal iliac node of uterine cervical cancer in stage I. However, LT release was decreased in advanced stages. Similar tendency was observed in gastric cancer. Relation of LT release to the activity of macrophages was examined. Reverse correlation was observed between LT release and the cytostatic activity of adherent cells. This result suggests that macrophages play a regulatory role on LT production and release by regional lymph nodes in human cancer. PMID- 3495518 TI - Tubocurarine chloride inhibits rod outer segment shedding in the frog retina. AB - The cholinergic postsynaptic neuromuscular blocker, tubocurarine chloride (curare), attenuates the rod shedding response of the frog in a dose-dependent manner. Injections of curare into the dorsal lymph sacs or intraocularly into the vitreous of the eye produced similar results. Intraocular injections of Ringer solution of varying quantities of 0.9% NaCl (the carrier solution of the commercially prepared curare), had no adverse effect on the shedding response. Additionally, injections of curare into one eye had no effect on the rod shedding rate of the other eye. PMID- 3495519 TI - Angiographic treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage: comparison of vasopressin infusion and embolization. PMID- 3495520 TI - Monocyte produced burst-promoting activity after stimulation with lymphokine. AB - Normal monocytes were stimulated by lymphokine(s) from a homogenous population of malignant T cells of the helper phenotype (OKT 3+/4+/6-/8-/11+). The resultant monocyte-conditioned medium after stimulation with T cell-conditioned medium (M CM+) was assayed for burst-promoting activity. The number of burst-forming units erythriod (BFU-E) in methylcellulose cultures of normal human nonadherent peripheral blood cells increased by nearly threefold in the presence of 5% M-CM+. This activity was lost after the conditioned medium was boiled for 20 min. The addition of 5% conditioned medium (CM) from unstimulated monocytes did not significantly increase BFU-E proliferation. We conclude that lymphokine(s) from malignant T cells of the helper phenotype stimulate normal monocytes to produce a heat-sensitive monokine that increases BFU-E proliferation. PMID- 3495521 TI - [Skin diseases in Sierra Leone]. AB - Today there is no Third World country in Africa that offers sufficient basic services for skin diseases. This paper describes the distribution and clinical aspects of skin diseases in school children, soldiers, the city population and villagers of Sierra Leone. Poverty-linked types of dermatosis play a major role throughout the country. The high prevalence rates and clinical degree make skin diseases a severe public health problem in Sierra Leone. PMID- 3495522 TI - Myocardial imaging using 11C-CoQ10 with positron emission tomography. AB - The potential of 11C-labeled coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) as a myocardial imaging tracer was explored with positron emission tomography (PET). Serial myocardial imaging studies were performed using 11C-CoQ10, 45Ti-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (45Ti-DTPA), and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-mannose (18FDM) in the same dog. Cross sectional images of the heart with 11C-CoQ10 showed relatively high radioactivity in the blood pool, when compared with images taken with 18FDM. However, when the blood spillover of radioactivity is adequately corrected with 45Ti-DTPA data, it was found that 11C-CoQ10 accumulated in the myocardium with time. PMID- 3495523 TI - Antigen presentation by adherent cells from human peripheral blood. Correlation between T-cell activation and expression of HLA-DQ and -DR antigens. AB - The ability of cells with different amounts of HLA-DQ or -DR to support T-cell proliferation in response to foreign antigens was investigated. Adherent cells were stained with monoclonal antibodies and sorted in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) into (a) DQ-positive and DQ-negative subsets, with monoclonal anti-DQ; or (b) subsets expressing different density of DR determinants. Expression of HLA-DQ correlated with increased density of DR. The subset of cells expressing detectable DQ and increased density of DR was found to be more efficient in presenting mumps or tetanus toxoid antigen to T cells than were the DQ-negative, low-DR density adherent cells. Similar results were obtained with primary cultures of T cells from blood and with cloned antigen-specific T-cell lines, restricted by a single DR-subregion specificity. Our results suggest that quantitative variation in DR/DQ molecules expressed on monocytes correlates with their ability to support T-cell responses to nominal antigens. It is not clear whether this is due to only class II antigen density on the surface of the accessory cells or whether other factors are involved. PMID- 3495524 TI - A double determinant immunoassay for HLA class I typing using serum as an antigen source. AB - We have applied a double determinant immunoassay (DDIA) to HLA-A2,A28, and B13 typing, using serum as an antigen source. The results obtained show a correlation of 96% (B13) and 89.1% (A2,A28) with the results obtained by conventional HLA typing. Furthermore, the results obtained were highly reproducible, since testing of 18 sera on two occasions gave concordant results with all samples tested. The variation in the content of HLA-A2 antigens in sera taken at different times from a given donor was less than 5%. A sevenfold variation was found in the serum level of HLA-A2,A28 antigens: the highest level was found in the sera from HLA A2,A28 donors and in decreasing order in HLA-A2 homozygous, HLA-A28 homozygous, HLA-A2 heterozygous, and HLA-A28 heterozygous donors. The results of this study indicate that the DDIA is a sensitive, simple, and reproducible procedure for HLA class I typing. The DDIA offers the following advantages in comparison with the conventional lymphocytotoxic assay: it provides information not only about the expression of a given alloantigen, but also about its level; it does not require viable cells, thus facilitating retrospective studies and typing of leucopenic patients; it eliminates variability of results caused by abnormal susceptibility of target cells to complement-dependent lysis. PMID- 3495525 TI - Maternal alloantibody responses during early pregnancy detected by a cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay. AB - Using a cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA), we have examined sera from nulliparous women and women in the first trimester of a first or subsequent pregnancy for the presence of antibodies directed to surface determinants on peripheral blood lymphocytes from unrelated donors. Maternal antibody activity was found in sera from 1/13 nulliparae, 19/37 primigravidae, and 8/12 multigravidae. Cytotoxic antibody activity was present in 3/12 multigravidae but in no other group. Absorption with packed, pooled platelets did not remove the antibody activity from three of the primigravid sera; unabsorbed sera, however, bound equally well to T and B lymphocytes. These data suggest that the antibody detected by CELISA is not directed to any of the classical HLA antigen series (-A, -B, -C, or -DR) but may be directed to the HLA linked non class I HT antigen system. PMID- 3495526 TI - Importance of the visual cortex for postural stabilization: inferences from pigeon and frog data. AB - Optokinetically induced self-motion with its consequences for postural balance is based upon visual-vestibular convergence. It is a matter for speculation which visual pathways--subcortical accessory optic tract and/or cortical striate projection--convey optokinetic information to the central vestibular system. The functional significance of the visual cortex was tested by a behavioral approach in two animals, selected for their different evolutionary stage: frog (midbrain visual center); pigeon (primitive neocortical center). Lateral postural sway during optokinetic stimulation in roll served as a measurement for induced rollvection and apparent body tilt. Roll motion elicits a tonic 'compensatory' postural adjustment towards the direction of pattern motion in pigeon as in man but not in frog. From the lack of this reaction we infer that the frog does not perceive rollvection because it has no visual cortex. This agrees with the absence of visual-vestibular convergence in the frogs vestibular nuclei neurons as well as the absence of a nystagmus velocity storage in the brainstem. The animal experiments fit human data in hemianopic patients who also only experience rollvection when stimulated in the unaffected hemifield. PMID- 3495527 TI - An electrical resonance in hair cells of the amphibian papilla of the frog Rana temporaria. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from hair cells in the rostral- and mid regions of an in vitro preparation of the amphibian papilla from the frog Rana temporaria. In response to small current injections the membrane potential oscillated indicating the presence of an electrical resonator within these hair cells. The properties of this resonance were similar to those of electrical resonance in hair cells of other lower vertebrates (Crawford and Fettiplace, 1981). The frequency of these oscillations depended on the position of the cell within the papilla; the oscillation frequency at the offset of the current pulse appeared to be tonotopically organized. The role of this resonance in relation to the known frequency selectivity and tonotopic organization of this auditory organ is discussed. PMID- 3495528 TI - Properties of spontaneous Enterobacter cloacae mutants with temperature conditional derepression of type I beta-lactamase synthesis. AB - Spontaneous mutants, with temperature-conditional derepression of chromosomally encoded Type I beta-lactamase synthesis, were derived from two independent clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae. At the permissive temperature (28 degrees C) the mutants' beta-lactamase activity was equivalent to that of their respective parents but at restrictive temperatures (above 40 degrees C) the activity increased many hundred-fold. The increased beta-lactamase expression correlated with reduced beta-lactam susceptibility. In temperature shift-up experiments, the initial rate of beta-lactamase synthesis closely paralleled that of the parent strains induced with cefoxitin. Maximal beta-lactamase activity in the mutants was attained after about 3 h growth at restrictive temperatures and was significantly higher than that of the cefoxitin-induced parents. However, the level was not as high as that observed in isogenic temperature-stable derepressed mutants, under the same conditions. All temperature-conditional mutants showed hyper-induction of beta-lactamase synthesis at permissive temperatures. Our findings are discussed in relation to a positive control model for regulation of Type I beta-lactamase synthesis in Ent. cloacae. PMID- 3495529 TI - The effects of inhibitors of sulphur-containing amino acid metabolism on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. AB - A range of inhibitors of enzymes catalysing the metabolism of sulphur-containing amino acids were tested for efficacy against Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Sinefungin, tubercidin, ara A, bithionol, hexachlorophene, dichlorophene and 5 azacytidine were found to be effective antitrichomonal agents. Combinations of any two of these inhibitors were, in most cases, no more effective than one inhibitor used alone, but marked synergy was apparent with monothioglycerol and methionine. None of the inhibitors investigated was as potent as metronidazole, the drug of choice for the treatment of trichomoniasis. PMID- 3495530 TI - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in school children of Anand. PMID- 3495531 TI - Human recombinant TNF suppresses lipoprotein lipase activity and stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been reported to be identical to "cachectin," a monokine which we have previously proposed as a mediator of the enhanced catabolism observed in patients or animals responding to various invasive stimuli such as infections. Detailed quantitative studies were conducted on the effects of TNF on fatty acid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells in order to explore the extent of the catabolic effects exerted by TNF compared with those by the crude cachectin. 3T3-L1 adipocytes responded to recombinant human TNF, showing a decrease in LPL activity and an increase in intracellular lipolysis. When TNF in the crude cachectin preparation was completely neutralized with anti-TNF antibody, about 75% of LPL suppression activity in the crude cachectin was absorbed, indicating that most of the mediator responsible for LPL suppression in the crude preparation is TNF. In contrast to the above effect on LPL, TNF markedly increased the lipolysis of stored fat in the cells. The effect on LPL was observed as early as 2 h after the addition of TNF, but enhancement of lipolysis required a time lag of at least 3 h before any increase of glycerol release became apparent. The effective concentrations of TNF for the stimulation of lipolysis were much higher (2.5 to 49 nM) than those for LPL suppression (50 pM to 50 nM), but both were in the same range as the concentration required for tumoricidal effect. These results demonstrate that cachectin is synonymous with TNF and that it plays an important role in the pathophysiology of deranged lipid metabolism through both suppression of LPL and enhancement of lipolysis in patients coping with invasive conditions such as infections. PMID- 3495532 TI - Identification of I:A mismatch base-pairing structure in DNA. AB - Deoxyoligonucleotides containing deoxyinosine residues at positions corresponding to ambiguous nucleotides derived from an amino acid sequence have been successfully used as hybridization probes. It is assumed that the hypoxanthine residue can make base pairs with multiple bases. In order to obtain direct evidence for I:A base-pairing, a self-complementary deoxyoligonucleotide, d(G-G-I A-C-C), was synthesized and its properties were examined by NMR spectroscopy. Three hydrogen-bonded imino proton resonances are observed at low temperatures in H2O suggesting the formation of a self-duplex with complete base pairing. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments showed that a signal at 15.1 ppm originated from the imino proton (H1) of the dI residue (I3) which is hydrogen-bonded to the dA residue (A4). Both the I3 and A4 residues were assumed to have taken an anti glycosidic conformation since irradiating the H1 of I3 gave NOEs both to its own H2 and to that of A4, an NOE also being observed between the H2 protons of I3 and A4. Comparison of the 31P NMR spectra of d(G-G-I-A-C-C) and d(G-G-I-C-C-C) showed the backbone structure of d(G-G-I-A-C-C) to have been disturbed by the presence of purine:purine base pairs in the middle of the hexamer duplex. PMID- 3495533 TI - Protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways of proto-oncogene induction in human astrocytoma cells. AB - We compared the abilities of the muscarinic agonist carbachol, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce proto-oncogene mRNA accumulation and other cellular responses in normal and protein kinase C deficient 1321-N1 human astrocytoma cells. PMA, carbachol, and EGF all stimulated rapid accumulation of mRNA for the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in the normal cells; in the protein kinase C-deficient cells, carbachol and EGF, but not PMA, retained this effect, which was not mimicked by the calcium ionophore A23187. Both carbachol and PMA activated protein kinase C in these cells, as evidenced by the stimulated phosphorylation of an acidic Mr 80,000 protein kinase C substrate protein with phosphoamino acid and peptide map identity. This response was mimicked by several other neurotransmitters in these cells, including epinephrine, histamine, oxotremorine, and serotonin, and was abolished in cells made protein kinase C-deficient by preincubation with high concentrations of PMA. Both PMA and carbachol promoted the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 and activated an S6 protein kinase in the normal but not in the protein kinase C deficient cells. EGF, in contrast, did not appear to activate protein kinase C, but promoted the phosphorylation of S6 and activation of the S6 kinase in both normal and protein kinase C-deficient cells. We conclude that, in 1321-N1 cells, induction of c-fos and c-myc mRNA can occur through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway and one or more independent pathways, exemplified by the responses to carbachol and EGF in the protein kinase C-deficient cells. PMID- 3495534 TI - Differences in the regulation of messenger RNA for housekeeping and specialized cell ferritin. A comparison of three distinct ferritin complementary DNAs, the corresponding subunits, and identification of the first processed in amphibia. AB - The ferritin family is a widespread group of proteins that maintain iron in a soluble form and also protect against the toxic effects of excess iron. The structure and sequence of the proteins are highly conserved. However, the cell specific features of structure which occur within the same organism indicate cell specificity of gene expression and may be related to variations in types of iron storage, i.e. specialized-cell ferritin (stored iron is for other cell types) versus housekeeping ferritin (stored iron is for intracellular purposes related to normal or stress metabolism); the protein structure may also affect rates of iron turnover. Iron induces ferritin synthesis and accumulation by recruiting stored ferritin mRNA that is efficiently translated in cells specialized for iron storage. For the first time we show the occurrence of three different cDNAs from bullfrog tadpoles, corresponding to three subunits of the protein: H, M, and L. Thus, ferritin can be encoded by at least three different mRNAs and probably three different genes, in contrast to the older idea of two, H and L; the subunits maintain the conserved sequences of known ferritins and have similar predicted masses, 20.5, 20.6, and 19.9 kDa, but have distinct mobilities in denaturing gels. Ferritin subunit expression is cell specific; more of the H and L chain mRNAs are expressed in red cells than in liver. Ferritin expression is regulated by transcription (or mRNA stability) in adult red cells; cellular levels of ferritin mRNA were 20% that of embryonic red cells, and L subunit mRNA increased 2.5 times with excess iron. Ferritin expression is also regulated during translation in adult red cells; iron recruits stored ferritin mRNA, but only during certain stages of red cell maturation, in contrast to embryonic red cells. The developmental differences in ferritin expression are discussed in relation to the shift from specialized-cell ferritin to housekeeping ferritin in red cells of the embryonic versus adult lines. PMID- 3495535 TI - Differential effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor beta on synthesis of Mr = 35,000 surfactant-associated protein in fetal lung. AB - Differentiation of pulmonary Type II epithelial cells in late gestation is associated with the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant required for adaptation to air breathing at birth. In the present work, induction of synthesis of a Type II epithelial cell protein, surfactant-associated glycoprotein of Mr = 35,000 (SAP 35) was studied in human fetal lung tissue obtained at 15-24 weeks of gestation. SAP-35 content increased during organ culture in the absence of exogenous hormones. Epidermal growth factor or triiodothyronine stimulated the induction of SAP-35 synthesis during culture. Stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was detected as early as 2 days and persisted for up to 5 days in culture. Response to EGF was dose-dependent (0.01-10 ng/ml) and was associated with enhanced incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable SAP-35. Increased SAP-35 synthesis was associated with increased SAP-35 RNA as assessed by Northern blot and hybridization assays with human SAP-35 cDNA. Effects of EGF were comparable to the induction of SAP-35 synthesis by 8-bromo-cAMP. In contrast to the stimulatory effect of EGF and triiodothyronine, SAP-35 content was inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta. Both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of these agents on SAP-35 content were associated with concomitant changes in SAP-35 synthesis. These findings demonstrate multihormonal control of SAP-35 expression and strongly implicate both EGF and transforming growth factor-beta in the regulation of surfactant apoprotein synthesis. PMID- 3495536 TI - Ultrasound propagation in anisotropic soft tissues: the application of linear elastic theory. AB - Linear elastic theory has served well in modeling the mechanical properties of numerous materials. In modeling ultrasonic wave propagation in biological soft tissues, an isotropic model has usually been employed. Many tissues, however, possess a lower order of symmetry, and the speed of sound in muscle is known to vary with the direction of propagation. In this study, by applying linear regression to acoustic microscopic data from seven frog sartorius specimens, four observable elastic constants associated with a transversely isotropic model were obtained. The average values of these constants were c11 = 2.64, c13 = 3.39 and c33 = 4.40 Nm-2 for resting muscles and c11 = 2.65, c13 = 3.43 and c33 = 4.57 Nm 2 for muscles undergoing tetanic contraction, where '1' and '3' represent the transverse and longitudinal axes, respectively. In all cases, c44 was 0, indicating a minimal contribution from longitudinal shear. For all seven specimens, the model of transverse isotropy provided a better fit of the data than that of isotropy. PMID- 3495537 TI - Functional electrical stimulation in intrinsic/extrinsic imbalanced burned hands. PMID- 3495538 TI - Asymptomatic patient reoperated on for severe proximal stenosis of circular sequential vein graft. AB - The case is described of a fifty year old man who underwent coronary bypass surgery using the circular sequential vein graft technique. At follow-up study (6 months after operation), despite his asymptomatic status, the effort test revealed antero-lateral myocardial ischemia. A coronary angiography showed a 90% proximal stenosis of the graft at 1.5 cm from the aortic anastomosis. The patient was reoperated on and the circular graft was reconstructed. Despite the severe stenosis this technique of myocardial revascularization has developed intercoronary anastomoses, improving the cardiac contractility and avoiding further clinical complications. PMID- 3495540 TI - Antiproliferative effects of heparin on vascular smooth muscle cells are reversed by epidermal growth factor. AB - Heparin and related glycosaminoglycans are potent inhibitors of both in vivo and in vitro smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. We have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) reverses the antiproliferative effects of heparin. Other known SMC mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thrombin, were unable to prevent heparin action. The EGF specificity was further demonstrated by developing a biological growth assay in which EGF or PDGF, at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml, stimulated SMC growth in the absence of other serum components. Under these conditions, EGF, but not PDGF, suppressed heparin inhibition as well. The ability of EGF to reverse heparin inhibition was only observed when mitogen and glycosaminoglycan were added to SMC at similar times. If SMC were pretreated with heparin for 48 hours prior to EGF addition, the protective effects of EGF were lost. Heparin did not directly prevent 125I-EGF or platelet-derived EGF-like peptides from binding to the EGF receptor on SMC. However, cultures that were pretreated with heparin for 48 hours bound 49% less 125I-EGF than cultures that had been pretreated with the mucopolysaccharide for only 2 hours or that had not been preexposed to heparin. In previous studies, we have established that heparin exerts its maximal inhibitory activity after a 48-hour treatment of SMC (Reilly et al. 1986). Taken together, these data suggest that heparin may exert its antiproliferative potential by slowly and specifically altering SMC response to EGF-like mitogens of platelet origin. PMID- 3495541 TI - Resolution of multiple endosomal compartments associated with the internalization of epidermal growth factor and transferrin. AB - Morphological studies have indicated divergent pathways for the endocytosis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transferrin (Tf). In order to obtain biochemical evidence for the pathways associated with the endocytosis of EGF and Tf, a series of Percoll density gradients were employed to separate individual cellular components. Subcellular fractionation of murine fibroblasts exposed to a 2-min pulse of either 125I-Tf or 125I-EGF results in the detection of a total of six cellular compartments related to the internalization process of these ligands. The results of kinetic analysis of the entry of EGF into five membranous fractions is consistent with a model in which ligand is transferred sequentially from the plasma membrane through three distinct prelysosomal environments prior to reaching secondary lysosomes. Each prelysosomal compartment exhibits distinct density and temporal properties in a Percoll density gradient and may represent preexisting endocytic vesicles and/or specific domains of a continuous tubular structure, vesicularized during the process of cell disruption. In addition, the observed differential migration on Percoll density gradients of Tf and EGF containing compartments indicates that the majority of cell bound Tf segregates from EGF and enters a compartment lacking EGF within 5 min of internalization. PMID- 3495539 TI - Long-term, heterologous down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in PC12 cells by nerve growth factor. AB - Cells of the rat pheochromocytoma clone PC12 possess receptors for both nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), thus enabling the study of the interaction of these receptors in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. Treatment of the cells with NGF induces a progressive and nearly total decrease in the specific binding of EGF beginning after 12 h and completed within 4 d. Three different measures of receptor show that the decreased binding capacity represents, in fact, a decreased amount of receptor: (a) affinity labeling of PC12 cell membranes by cross-linking of receptor-bound 125I-EGF showed a 60-90% decrease in the labeling of 170- and 150-kD receptor bands in cells treated with NGF for 1-4 d; (b) EGF-dependent phosphorylation of a src related synthetic peptide or EGF receptor autophosphorylation with membranes from NGF-differentiated cells showed a decrease of 80 and 90% in the tyrosine kinase activity for the exogenous substrate and for receptor autophosphorylation, respectively; (c) analysis of 35S-labeled glycoproteins isolated by wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose chromatography from detergent extracts of PC12 membranes showed a 70-90% decrease in the 170-kD band in NGF-differentiated cells. These findings permit the hypothesis that long-term heterologous down-regulation of EGF receptors by NGF in PC12 cells is mediated by an alteration in EGF receptor synthesis. It is suggested that this heterologous down-regulation is part of the mechanism by which differentiating cells become insensitive to mitogens. PMID- 3495542 TI - Fibronectin-associated transforming growth factor. AB - We have studied the ability of fibronectins to induce anchorage-independent growth of NRK-49F cells in serum-free medium. Cells were seeded in soft agar in the presence of various concentrations of plasma fibronectins, and colonies were counted after 10 days. It was found that, with some exceptions, human plasma fibronectins induced anchorage-independent growth at concentrations in 20-100 micrograms/ml range. The ability of exogenously supplied fibronectins to promote anchorage-independent growth of NRK cells is attributed to a transforming growth factor (TGF) activity associated with gelatin-agarose affinity purified plasma fibronectins. This TGF activity required epidermal growth factor (EGF) in our serum-free assay system. The TGF-like activity appears to either co-purify or to be associated with fibronectin at neutral pH during molecular sieve chromatography and during ultracentrifugation through sucrose density gradients. The TGF activity "dissociates" from fibronectin at extremes of pH, however, and can be separated from fibronectin by molecular sieve chromatography in 1 M acetic acid. Under these conditions, the TGF-like activity chromatographed as a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa. The physical chemical properties, chromatographic behavior, and biological activity of this TGF suggest that it is type-beta transforming growth factor/growth inhibitor (beta-TGF/GI). The TGF activity has been observed in fibronectin isolated from fresh human plasma as well as in fibronectins from several other species obtained from commercial suppliers. Our results would suggest that caution be applied in the interpretation of experiments in which gelatin affinity purified fibronectins are used at micrograms/ml concentrations. PMID- 3495543 TI - The Ha-ras-induced transformed phenotype of rat-1 cells can be suppressed in hybrids with rat embryonic fibroblasts. AB - Somatic cell hybrids were isolated from fusions of diploid embryonic rat fibroblasts with transformed Rat-1 cells which contained 4 to 5 copies of the transforming human Ha-ras 1 gene. In contrast to their transformed parental cells four hybrid clones showed normal morphology, long latency periods of tumorigenicity in newborn rats, anchorage requirement of proliferation, and an eightfold-reduced amount of secreted transforming growth factor activity. Thus these hybrids are called suppressed with regard to expression of the Ha-ras induced transformed phenotype. Tumorigenic derivatives of the suppressed hybrids that had segregated chromosomes were isolated. Since two of the tumorigenic hybrid clones showed the similar low level of secreted transforming growth factors as the suppressed hybrids, decreased production of transforming growth factor activity is unlikely to be a sufficient criterion for suppression of malignancy. Whereas one of the suppressed hybrids expressed the transforming gene product p21 at a level similar to that of the transformed parental cells, other suppressed hybrids expressed less p21. This suggests that the suppressed phenotype can be regulated at the posttranslational level of p21 but that additional controls of expression of p21 are likely to exist. DNA of the suppressed hybrids transformed Rat-1 cells to proliferation in the presence of semisolid agar. Thus the activated human Ha-ras gene in the suppressed hybrids retained its biological activity even though it did not transform these cells to tumorigenicity. PMID- 3495544 TI - Identity of common phosphoprotein substrates stimulated by interleukin 2 and diacylglycerol suggests a role of protein kinase C for IL 2 signal transduction. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a polypeptide growth factor essential for the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, large granulocytic lymphocytes, and, potentially, cells of the antibody-producing lineage, B lymphocytes. Many of the biological properties of IL 2 may be mimicked or potentiated by a potent class of tumor promoters, phorbol esters. Phorbol esters have recently been shown to associate with and activate a unique phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent phosphotransferase, protein kinase C (PK-C). Utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have compared the IL 2 and diacylglycerol-induced protein phosphorylation patterns of several IL 2-dependent murine cell lines. Both IL 2 and synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleyl-2 acetylglycerol (OAG), stimulated phosphorylation of a number of protein substrates in intact cells compared to unstimulated controls. Three groups of substrates were identified; the first showed increased phosphorylation following stimulation with either IL 2 or OAG, while the second and third groups showed increased phosphorylation following stimulation with IL 2 but not OAG, and with OAG but not IL 2, respectively. Here, we characterize the kinetics of phosphorylation of one cellular substrate, p68, which appears to be phosphorylated in response to direct activators of PK-C or lymphoid or myeloid growth factors in their respective lineage cell lines. The observation that IL 2 also stimulates a unique series of phosphoproteins in addition to those induced by direct PK-C activators suggests that IL 2 may initiate additional protein kinase activities, unrelated to PK-C, which may also be critical for the ligand receptor signal transduction process regulating growth and gene expression. PMID- 3495545 TI - Behavioral activation and the variability of cerebral glucose metabolic measurements. AB - Variability in cerebral glucose metabolism was examined between and within subjects when paired studies were performed in the resting state or in a behaviorally activated state. Both normal and demented subjects were studied twice each, from 1 to 6 weeks apart, under near-identical conditions, using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Resting state studies were repeated in nine normal and four demented subjects. A picture viewing test, used for activation during PET, was used repeatedly in seven normal and five demented subjects. Within-subject variability, as assessed by the percent difference in metabolic rates in paired studies, was reduced by 60-70% for activation state compared to resting state studies in normals. It is concluded that PET studies of brain metabolism, which are designed to study the active brain, should indeed be performed in functionally activated states, as in addition to demonstrating metabolism during a defined functional state, activation studies show reduced variability of cerebral metabolic measures. PMID- 3495546 TI - Rapid automated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for ercalcidiol and calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3) using trans-calcidiol as an ultraviolet absorbing internal standard. AB - A system is described using high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and quantify, by spectrophotometry in a simple one-stage procedure, ercalcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D2) and calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3). The novel feature of the method is the employment of an ultraviolet-absorbing internal standard to monitor recovery. This has the advantage of permitting total automation of the quantification by eliminating the need for radioactivity counting. The method gives results that compare well with those obtained in other systems and has particular application in clinical studies where rapid separate determination of ercalcidiol and calcidiol is required. PMID- 3495547 TI - Serum osteocalcin in Paget's disease of bone: basal concentrations and response to bisphosphonate treatment. AB - Serum osteocalcin concentrations were measured in 42 patients with Paget's disease of bone and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels. High serum osteocalcin levels were found in only 22 patients. Serum osteocalcin was significantly correlated with urinary hydroxyproline excretion (r = 0.747; P less than 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, with serum AP levels (r = 0.483; P less than 0.01). In 23 patients who were followed during treatment with iv (3-amino-1 hydroxypropylidene) 1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) for 10 days, a dissociation among these 3 biochemical parameters was found. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion fell significantly (P less than 0.001), serum AP levels decreased, but not significantly, and serum osteocalcin concentrations increased progressively (P less than 0.001). This increase was greater when initial levels were lower than expected for the activity of the disease. The rise in serum osteocalcin correlated significantly with the concomitant increase in serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Three months after initiation of treatment, all 3 parameters, urinary OHP excretion, serum AP, and serum osteocalcin levels, were near or within the normal range. These results indicate that serum osteocalcin is not a clinically useful parameter for assessment of the activity of Paget's disease. Its basal concentrations lag behind those expected from the activity of the disease, suggesting defective osteocalcin production. It appears that the functions of osteocalcin and AP as well as their initial expression by the osteoblasts are different and that this difference may be important for the quality of bone formed in Paget's disease. APD can modulate the release of osteocalcin, possibly through stimulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production, although other factors may be involved. PMID- 3495549 TI - Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by monoclonal antibodies to the main immunogenic region of the acetylcholine receptor. AB - Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was passively transferred to rats by injecting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed at the main immunogenic region (MIR) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The MIR is located on the extracellular part of the AChR alpha-subunit. All four mAbs directed at the MIR which were tested were very efficient in inducing EAMG: within 2 days the rats became moribund or very weak and their muscle AChR content decreased to about 50% of normal. These mAbs are of two different IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2a) and derived from rats immunized with AChR from either fish electric organs or mammalian muscles. One mAb directed at the extracellular side of the beta subunit did not cause AChR loss or induce symptoms of EAMG. mAbs to the cytoplasmic side were, as expected, ineffective. PMID- 3495550 TI - Is lateral electric surface stimulation an effective treatment for scoliosis? AB - Eighteen patients with scoliosis were treated with lateral electric surface stimulation (LESS). Four (23%) discontinued the program because of discomfort, five did not carry through an adequate treatment program, and nine (50%) coped with a proper program. In spite of a good initial correction, five patients in the latter group progressed during treatment. Muscle biopsy specimens before and after a treatment period of 18 months revealed a tendency for the stimulation output to spill over to the concave side of the curve. In this study, LESS has not been an effective treatment for scoliosis. PMID- 3495548 TI - Role of interleukin-1 in augmenting serum neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - We have previously described an assay to quantify the serum neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide which is based on a spectrophotometric Limulus amoebocyte lysate test (T.J. Novitsky, P.F. Roslansky, G.R. Siber, and H.S. Warren, J. Clin. Microbiol. 21:211-216, 1985). Studies since have shown that serum samples drawn from patients with leukemia and fever, gram-negative or gram positive bacterial infections, or shock caused by gram-negative bacteria neutralize approximately 10-fold more lipopolysaccharide than do samples from normal controls. These findings suggested that the increased neutralization might reflect an acute-phase response and raised the question of whether it might be under the control of interleukin-1. To answer this question, we studied the neutralization of lipopolysaccharide in serum samples drawn from rabbits before and after the administration of crude interleukin-1, prepared from activated macrophage supernatants, and recombinant human interleukin-1. Crude interleukin-1 induced a 5.7-fold increase in serum neutralization 24 h after intravenous injection, and cloned interleukin-1 induced a 3.0-fold increase (P less than or equal to 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). In individual rabbits given identical doses of crude interleukin-1 on a weight basis, the serum-neutralizing ability correlated significantly with three activities of interleukin-1: rise in temperature (r2 = 0.558; P less than or equal to 0.01), decrease in serum iron (r2 = 0.534; P less than or equal to 0.01), and increase in serum copper (r2 = 0.323; P less than or equal to 0.05). We conclude that the increase in neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by serum samples drawn from patients with inflammatory states is mediated, at least in part, by interleukin 1, presumably through the induction of acute-phase serum proteins. PMID- 3495551 TI - Recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity and augments megakaryocyte colony stimulation by interleukin 3. AB - Recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) has been produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. GM-CSF has an established role as an in vitro regulator of granulocyte and macrophage colony formation. We have determined that rGM-CSF also has intrinsic activity as a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and that rGM-CSF augments the effect of interleukin 3 (IL-3) on megakaryocyte colony formation. The dose-response curve for megakaryocyte colony induction with rGM-CSF showed plateau megakaryocyte stimulation at 9 ng/ml. When IL-3 (at a plateau dose for megakaryocyte colony induction) was added to rGM-CSF over a 0-22-ng/ml dose range, the resultant megakaryocyte colony stimulation approximated the sum of the levels of stimulation produced by either factor alone. These results establish GM-CSF as a multilineage growth factor with definite megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity and indicate that both GM-CSF and IL-3 are important in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 3495552 TI - Phenotypic and functional characterization of lymphocytes that bind human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Evidence for preferential binding of natural killer cells. AB - The microvascular endothelium has been postulated to be a critical target in the rejection of vascularized allografts. This study was undertaken to examine the ability of human sheep erythrocyte rosette forming lymphocytes (E-RFC) to form stable conjugates with microvascular endothelial cells (EC), and to assess whether a receptor-ligand interaction mediates this event. Human foreskin microvascular EC monolayers were used as targets of chromium-51-labeled E-RFC in a quantitative adherence assay. Binding was saturable, displaceable by unlabeled E-RFC, augmented by recombinant interleukin 1 (rIL-1) and inhibited by anti-LFA1 antibody. The Leu-11+ lymphocyte subset, known to be enriched for natural killer (NK) cells, bound preferentially. Only the EC-adherent lymphocyte fraction contained NK effectors, which lysed EC and classical NK targets. Thus, NK cells adhere to microvascular EC via a specific receptor-ligand interaction. The possibility exists that such binding occurs in recipients of vascularized allografts, representing the initial stage of graft rejection. PMID- 3495553 TI - Recombinant tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and interleukin 1 pretreatment decreases lung oxidized glutathione accumulation, lung injury, and mortality in rats exposed to hyperoxia. AB - Single, preexposure, parenteral injection with both recombinant tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF/C) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) prolonged the survival of rats (144 +/- 9 h) in continuous hyperoxia (greater than 99% O2 at 1 atm) when compared with rats injected with boiled TNF/C and boiled IL-1 (61 +/- 2 h), TNF/C alone (61 +/- 2 h), IL-1 alone (62 +/- 2 h), or saline (64 +/- 3 h). After exposure to hyperoxia for 52 h, pleural effusion volume, pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and lung morphologic damage were decreased in those rats given TNF/C and IL-1 as compared with saline-injected rats. In parallel, ratios of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione were greater (P less than 0.05) in lungs of TNF/C + IL-1-injected rats (91 +/- 20) than of saline injected rats (30 +/- 4) that had been exposed to hyperoxia for 52 h. No differences were found in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or catalase activities in lungs of TNF/C + IL-1- or saline-treated, hyperoxia-exposed rats. Our results indicate that pretreatment with TNF/C and IL-1 favorably altered lung glutathione redox status, decreased lung injury, and enhanced survival of rats exposed to hyperoxia. PMID- 3495554 TI - Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis antigen in women by enzyme immunoassay. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis antigen in vaginal swabs. Four hundred and eighty two women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were tested; 44 (9.1%) were positive by culture, 32 (6.6%) were positive by wet film examination, and 54 (11.2%) were considered to be positive for trichomonal antigen by EIA. Taking culture as the reference method, the EIA had a sensitivity of 93.2% and a specificity of 97.5%. The predictive value of a positive test was 82% and that of a negative test was 99.3%. PMID- 3495555 TI - Evidence for parallel processing in the frog's auditory thalamus. AB - We have conducted anatomical and physiological experiments to investigate the functional organization of the dorsal thalamus in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens pipiens). Our studies provide evidence for parallel auditory processing at this level of the frog's brain. Acoustically evoked potentials were recorded from the posterior and central thalamic nuclei and several differences in sound evoked activity were noted between them: the amplitude of acoustically evoked potentials (AEPs), in response to a standard search stimulus, was always greater in the central, as opposed to the posterior, nucleus; the posterior, but not central, nucleus exhibited the phenomenon of nonlinear summation when 350-Hz and 1,700-Hz tones were presented simultaneously rather than individually; and the central, but not posterior, nucleus showed selectivity for the repetition rate of pulsed sound signals. The posterior and central thalamic nuclei also possessed distinct innervation patterns as revealed by the HRP transport patterns arising from these structures. The central nucleus was reciprocally connected with the major auditory relay stations along the frog's central auditory pathway including the superior olive, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and the torus semicircularis. Major projections to the lateral thalamic nucleus, ventral hypothalamus, and the telencephalic striatal complex were also observed. The posterior nucleus, on the other hand, established reciprocal connections primarily with the medial reticular nucleus, ventral midbrain tegmentum, and structures constituting of the ventral thalamic nuclei, particularly the nucleus of Bellonci. Thus, time and frequency cues contained within the species mating call, and conveying information concerning species identity, appear to be processed independently within the frog's thalamus with separate neural channels for each. PMID- 3495556 TI - Functional morphology of frog retinal ganglion cells and their central projections: the dimming detectors. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from frog retinal ganglion cell axons in the optic nerve. Following electrophysiological characterisation of receptive field properties, HRP was injected into the axon, and the brain and retina were subsequently stained. The morphologies of retinal ganglion cells, their dendritic domains, and their central projections were determined with light microscopy, and the optic nerve portion of the ganglion cell axon was examined with electron microscopy. This paper describes the structural and functional features of one ganglion cell class, the off units (class IV or dimming detectors) whose characteristic response is a preferential sensitivity to decreasing light intensity within the receptive field. Typical receptive field diameter of these units was about 16 degrees with a range of 3 degrees to more than 30 degrees. Examination of the spatial characteristics of their receptive field centers and surrounds showed that the class IV cells could be divided into two broad categories. Linear class IV cells did not respond to phase-reversal of a fine grating pattern. These linear cells also tended to have clear surround suppression: illumination of the surround diminished their response to light off at the center. The second group responded briskly to each reversal of the fine grating pattern, whatever its position within the receptor field center. These nonlinear class IV cells did not show surround suppression, but rather they had surround antagonism and they responded to light on in the surround. Nonlinear units were much more frequently recorded in frogs maintained in summer conditions (12-hour days, constant 20 degrees C temperature). In spite of this functional heterogeneity, all cells had similar morphology consisting of a large ganglion cell with a large dendritic arbor (400-1,000 microns) confined to a single stratum in the outer third of the inner plexiform layer, a medium-sized axon (2.4 microns diameter), a smallish pretectal arbor, and a large tectal arbor (300-700 microns) at layer 8. PMID- 3495557 TI - Primary cutaneous lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. AB - A case of a primary cutaneous lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma synthesizing IgG lambda chains is reported. Immunohistochemical studies were done with the use of antihuman immunoglobulin antisera and monoclonal antibodies against T cell antigens. These studies reveal an unusual pattern of immunoglobulin production (IgG lambda chains) and an important population of accessory cells (T cells and Langerhans cells). PMID- 3495558 TI - A sampling study of bedside nursing activity in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit. Part 2. The effect of time and shift on the nursing workload. AB - For a selected group of 17 patients following cardiac surgery, 33 discrete elements of nursing workload have been defined, and the nurse's bedside activities logged at 1 min intervals throughout the 24 h immediately following the patient's return from the operating theatre. It is possible to identify three broad types of activity undertaken by the bedside nurse; technical nursing care (Type 1), intermittent nursing care (Type 2), and the balance of the nurse's time, largely concerned with observation and liaison with other staff--learning activities (Type 3). The time devoted to technical nursing care reduces significantly over the patient's first 24 h in the ward. On the other hand the time devoted to intermittent nursing care and learning activities is shown to be shift dependent. The effect of the efficient utilisation of computer technology is estimated, and it is demonstrated that the implementation of such technology would result in the expansion of the time available for the nurse to observe the patient. The potential benefits and drawbacks of this are discussed. PMID- 3495559 TI - Potassium disturbances as a cause of metabolic neuromyopathy. AB - We report two cases of ascending muscular weakness progressing to areflexic quadriplegia caused by severe derangement of potassium homeostasis. The first patient presented with a 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency and severe hypokalemia. The second case had primary adrenocortical deficiency (Addison's disease) and extreme hyperkalemia. Complete recovery ensued after correction of the metabolic disorder in both cases. The role of potassium in the pathophysiology of neuromuscular excitation is discussed. We conclude that when neuromyopathy is present, metabolic causes should be considered and the serum potassium determined. PMID- 3495560 TI - An unusual position of a Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - Placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter can cause many complications. This case report presents a new complication of Swan-Ganz catheter insertion--placement of the Swan-Ganz catheter tip in the coronary sinus. PMID- 3495561 TI - Train stimulation at the atria for prevention of atrioventricular tachycardia: dependence on accessory pathway location. AB - In 12 patients with accessory pathway-mediated supraventricular tachycardia, programmed electrical stimulation with a rapid train of 10 stimuli was assessed for prevention of tachycardia induction. Tachycardia was induced with one or two extrastimuli from both the right and the left atrium (by way of the coronary sinus). Preventive train stimulation, with the train delivered after the tachycardia-initiating stimulus, was attempted at the site of tachycardia induction as well as at the opposite site. Prevention at the site of tachycardia induction was successful in all patients when the length of the train (90 ms) exceeded the effective refractory period of the tachycardia-initiating stimulus to achieve single atrial capture within the "preventive zone." However, in patients with a left-sided accessory pathway, preventive stimulation at the right atrium failed when tachycardia was induced from the coronary sinus because of interatrial conduction delay. It is concluded that train stimulation is an effective mode for supraventricular tachycardia prevention, yet the site of preventive stimulation should lie as close as possible to the anatomic site of the reentrant circuit to reduce interatrial conduction delay. PMID- 3495562 TI - Lymphocyte proliferation to antigen E: demonstration of the restriction of antigen E-specific T cells to ragweed-allergic donors. AB - Allergic sensitivity to ragweed is common among atopic individuals in North America and can be associated with symptoms of seasonal hay fever and increased airway reactivity in asthma. This sensitivity is mediated by IgE antibody to ragweed antigens that in turn is presumed to be the product of B-lymphocytes regulated by various T cell subsets. Proliferation in vitro by lymphocytes obtained from individuals allergic to ragweed and cultured in the presence of ragweed antigen E (AgE) has been repeatedly described, but a comprehensive study of this proliferation has questioned the specificity of this response. We have examined this question and found that in the first week of culture, the specific lymphocyte proliferation to AgE may be obscured by high background and mitogen like proliferation. However, by carrying the cells for a longer period of time in culture and providing a second in vitro boost with AgE, specific proliferation could be clearly documented. Lymphocytes from atopic ragweed-allergic donors proliferated at levels 20 to 50 times beyond background in the presence of AgE. Cells from nonragweed-allergic donors (either nonatopic or atopic) did not do so. The AgE-responsive cells could be expanded in culture and demonstrated to be T cells. Moreover, AgE-responsive T cells could only be cloned from AgE-allergic donors and, after expansion and subcloning, demonstrated to respond to AgE but not partially purified dust mite antigen. In contrast, a clone of T cells from a dust mite-sensitive individual proliferated in response to the dust mite antigen but not AgE. PMID- 3495563 TI - [Intracameral penetration of pefloxacine in man]. AB - Authors have studied the intraocular penetration of a new antibiotic, pefloxacin in 35 patients (35 eyes). This study emphasizes the three main qualities of this recent quinolone in ophthalmology: wide spectrum adequate for the most pathogens commonly found in endophthalmitis. Very large penetration in the aqueous humour flow with an average level of 0.95 mu/ml, which is over the minimal inhibitory concentration for many bacterial infections and is equal to 25% of average serum level. PMID- 3495564 TI - Re-evaluation of LG V of the rat and assignment of 12 carboxylesterases to two gene clusters. AB - Examining the strain distribution pattern of the recombinant inbred strain series LXB and DXE and of backcross progeny of (LEW X LE)F1 X LEW, (LEW X BN)F1 X LEW, and (LEW X BN)F1 X BN for esterase markers, including three carboxylesterase allozymes (ES-15, ES-16, ES-18), hitherto not studied genetically, revealed the existence of two esterase gene clusters within LG V: cluster 1, containing Es-2, Es-8, Es-10, Es-3, Es-7, Es-9, and separated by 8.8 +/- 1.3 cM from cluster 2, containing Es-1, Es-14 (formerly Es-Si), Es-15, Es-16, and Es-18. Analyses of 93 inbred strains of rats showed only 12 and 6 haplotypes for cluster 1 and cluster 2, respectively, indicating a strong linkage disequilibrium. These data and serotyping results of one backcross population for the RT2 blood group system lead to a re-evaluation of linkage group V. Including literature data the following gene order is suggested: RT2 - (7.1 +/- 1.8) Es-2, Es-4, Es-8, Es-10 (2.7 +/- 0.7) Es-3, Es-7, Es-9 (8.8 +/- 1.3) Es-1, Es-14, Es-15, Es-16, Es-18. PMID- 3495565 TI - A new method for labeling and autoradiographic localization of androgen receptors. AB - We have used a novel receptor labeling and autoradiographic technique to localize androgen receptors in the intact rat ventral prostate at the morphological level. Frozen slide-mounted prostate tissue sections (10 micron thick) were incubated with increasing concentrations of [3H]-R1881 in the absence and presence of excess unlabeled R1881. Tissue sections labeled in this way were subjected to concurrent biochemical and autoradiographic analysis. After incubation and washing to remove free [3H]-steroid, some of the sections were wiped from the slides for scintillation counting in order to characterize and quantitate [3H] R1881 binding. Androgen receptors could indeed be labeled in slide-mounted tissue sections, and specific [3H]-R1881 binding to these receptors was high-affinity (Kd = 1 nM), saturable, and androgen-specific. All cellular androgen receptors appear to be retained, because receptor content in sections was comparable to the sum of receptors in subcellular fractions of homogenized tissue. Replicate labeled slide-mounted tissue sections were dried rapidly, apposed to dry emulsion coated coverslips, and exposed in the dark for autoradiography. Silver grains were counted over nuclei or cytoplasm of epithelium or stroma to evaluate specific androgen receptor location. Autoradiographic analysis demonstrated androgen receptor localization almost exclusively in the epithelial nuclei, with little or none in the stroma. We discuss here the unique features and advantages of labeling androgen receptors in slide-mounted frozen tissue sections for autoradiographic localization. PMID- 3495567 TI - The degree of CTL-induced DNA solubilization is not determined by the human vs mouse origin of the target cell. AB - CTL-mediated lysis is unique among lytic mechanisms in inducing rapid, prelytic nuclear disintegration. Target cell DNA can be solubilized within minutes as a result of degradation, which can proceed to the nucleosomal level, presumably mediated by endonucleases that are either endogenous or injected by the CTL. Nuclear disintegration has been reported for mouse lymphoid target cells by several groups. However, previous studies in which human target cells were studied saw little or no DNA solubilization. We here report rapid, extensive CTL induced solubilization of DNA in human lymphoid target cells; on the other hand, we found that three mouse cell lines exhibit little or no nuclear disintegration. We conclude that the degree of nuclear disintegration depends on the nature of the target cell, but is not determined by the species of origin of the target cell. PMID- 3495566 TI - Analysis of the murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell phenomenon: dissection of effectors and progenitors into NK- and T-like cells. AB - Murine as well as human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells have been reported to have several characteristics of T lymphocytes and to be clearly distinct from natural killer (NK) cells. The present study of murine LAK cells showed that cytotoxic cells generated in the presence of interleukin 2 IL 2 were heterogeneous with respect to cell surface markers of progenitor as well as effector cells. Negative selection of cells with antibodies and complement or positive selection by fluorescence-activated cell sorting unequivocally showed that LAK effector cells consisted of at least two clearly distinct populations, the relative contribution of which was dependent on donor organ and target cells studied. Approximately 40% of the cytotoxic activity of spleen-derived effector cells active against the NK-resistant targets EL-4 or MCA-5 was eliminated by treatment with antibodies to the NK-markers asialo-GM1 and NK 1 (NK-LAK). Approximately 60% of cytotoxic activity was associated with cells expressing the T cell marker Lyt-2, lacked NK 1, and was lacking or expressed only small amounts asialo-GM1 (T-LAK). The NK-LAK cells were of greater importance for the cytotoxic activity against the standard NK target YAC-1, although T-LAK cells also excerted significant cytotoxicity against this cell line. Limiting dilution analysis estimated that the minimal frequency of precursors developing into cells with cytotoxic activity against EL-4 was 1/6700 in spleen and 1/4200 in peripheral blood. The frequency of cells developing into cytotoxic effectors against YAC-1 cells was 1/3700 and 1/1450 in spleen and peripheral blood, respectively. Depletion of progenitor cells from spleen or peripheral blood expressing NK 1 or Lyt-2 by treating the cells with antibodies to these structures and complement indicated that NK-1-expressing cells were the dominating progenitor of the LAK cells irrespective of target cells used. Culture of murine lymphoid cells from spleen or peripheral blood with high concentrations of IL 2 results in the emergence of two different killer cell populations with phenotypic similarities to NK and T cells, respectively, both being able to kill targets resistant to resting NK cells. In contrast to numerous earlier reports, we concluded that LAK cells are heterogeneous with respect to surface markers, with a major population of LAK cells apparently representing IL 2-activated cells expressing cell surface markers associated with NK cells. PMID- 3495568 TI - HTLV-III neutralizing antibody development in transfusion-dependent seropositive patients with beta-thalassemia. AB - Sera collected in New York in 1984 from 77 patients with homozygous beta thalassemia were assayed for antibodies to HTLV-III by ELISA and Western blot techniques. Eight (12%) of the 66 hypertransfused thalassemics were seropositive. Retrospective sera of these eight individuals were examined by radioimmune precipitation (RIP), and assays for neutralization of virus infectivity were performed. With seroconversion, antibodies to viral envelope proteins appeared first and were correlated with development of neutralizing antibody. Affinity purified gp120, the major envelope glycoprotein of HTLV-III, blocked viral infectivity and absorbed neutralizing antibody activity from a positive serum. Neutralizing antibody titers mirrored antibody titers to gp120 by RIP. Antibody to gp120 sometimes occurred in the absence of neutralizing antibody, although the reverse was not true. One thalassemia patient who exhibited antibody to gp120 for 3 yr post-seroconversion failed to develop neutralizing antibody, acquired the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with central nervous system involvement and lymphoma, and subsequently died. In contrast, all other seropositive thalassemics possessed neutralizing antibodies, and were asymptomatic or exhibited only lymphadenopathy. These results indicate that gp120 elicits neutralizing antibodies in the course of natural infection with HTLV-III. The relationship seen here between neutralizing antibody and better clinical outcome needs to be verified by additional studies. PMID- 3495569 TI - Complement dependence of antibody-induced mesangial cell injury in the rat. AB - Intravenous administration of rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum (ATS) reactive with Thy-1-like antigens present on rat mesangial cells induces almost immediate (1 hr) mesangial cell injury in rats followed by sequential mesangiolytic and mesangial-proliferative/infiltrative lesions. To determine the role of complement in these ATS-induced glomerular lesions, ATS was given to Lewis rats that had been depleted of C3 by cobra venom factor (CVF). CVF treatment prevented the degenerative changes in mesangial cells and accumulation of even the few polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) seen in the glomeruli (2.67 PMN/glomerulus) 1 hr after ATS-treatment in rats not given CVF. In addition, CVF prevented the mesangiolysis and mesangial hypercellularity seen at day 4. Rat C3 and late complement components identified in the mesangial of ATS-treated rats in close association with the deposition of rabbit immunoglobulin G was also absent as a result of CVF treatment. CVF treatment did not affect binding of ATS to glomeruli as studied by immunofluorescence or paired label radioisotope techniques. The depletion of leukocytes and/or PMN by irradiation or treatment with anti-I-MN serum had no effect on the induction of the acute mesangial cell damage or the mesangiolytic lesion. Irradiation did diminish the 4-day proliferative/infiltrative lesion. Complement depletion normalized the ATS induced increase in mesangial uptake of heat-aggregated human gamma-globulin (655.0 +/- 35.2 micrograms in ATS-treated vs 20.3 +/- 2.9 micrograms/5 X 10(4) glomeruli in ATS plus CVF-treated rats; mean +/- SEM). Small immune deposits present in the mesangial areas of kidneys 4 to 5 days after CVF treatment represented CVF-anti-CVF antibody-C3 complexes. The model of mesangial cell damage induced by ATS in the rat is complement-dependent and may relate, at least in part, to complement-mediated mesangial cell lysis. PMID- 3495570 TI - Cryoglobulinemia induced by monoclonal immunoglobulin G rheumatoid factors derived from autoimmune MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. AB - A MRL strain bearing the autosomal recessive mutant gene, lpr (lymphoproliferation), spontaneously develops, in addition to a lupus-like syndrome, unique serological and pathological manifestations. Production of high titers of IgG rheumatoid factors (RF) may be related to the formation of extremely large amounts of cryoglobulins and the development of tissue lesions such as necrotizing polyarteritis, arthritis, and glomerulonephritis. To analyze more directly the relationship of IgG RF to the development of cryoglobulins and tissue injuries, we have established four monoclonal IgG RF secreting hybridomas from unimmunized MRL-lpr/lpr mice and determined their pathogenic effects in normal strains of mice. All the monoclonal IgG RF obtained in this study were of the IgG3 subclass and generated cryoglobulins. However, the fact that not only IgG3 Rf monoclonals but also four of five non-RF IgG3 monoclonals were able to form cryoglobulins, which were composed exclusively of each IgG3 monoclonal, indicates that the IgG3 molecule has a unique physicochemical property to self associate via nonimmunological interaction and the ability to form cryoglobulins. When the in vivo pathogenic activities of these IgG3 RF and non-RF monoclonals were examined, three of IgG3 RF monoclonals with the specificity to IgG2a were able to induce extensive pathologic manifestations including peripheral vasculitis and glomerulonephritis characteristic of patients with cryoglobulinemia. Our results indicate that the IgG3 itself, independently of its specificity, could be a potential source of cryoglobulins and IgG3 RF, combined with its activity of cryoglobulin formation, may play a significant role in the development of glomerulonephritis and cutaneous vascular lesions of ears and foot pads observed frequently in aged MRL-lpr/lpr mice. PMID- 3495571 TI - Regulation of interleukin 1 gene expression by adherence and lipopolysaccharide. AB - Murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), analyzed immediately after isolation, did not express detectable IL 1 activity or IL 1-specific mRNA. Stimulation of these cells by adherence induced the expression of intracellular, membrane, and extracellular IL 1 activities within 4 hr. Analysis of mRNA from these cells showed a concurrent induction of both IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta mRNA within 1 hr. However, this stimulation of IL 1 expression was transient, since PEC cultured for 5 days no longer expressed IL 1 bioactivity or specific mRNA. Stimulation of these quiescent cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide induced the re-expression of intracellular, membrane, and extracellular IL 1 activities as well as IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta mRNA. We found no qualitative difference in the degree or rate of induction of IL 1 alpha compared with IL 1 beta mRNA. These results indicate that resting macrophages are IL 1 negative, and that the IL 1 inducing stimuli used in this study act transiently to increase the levels of IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta mRNA. PMID- 3495572 TI - Effect of UV irradiation on expression of membrane IL 1 by rat macrophages. AB - The effect of UV-B irradiation on the expression of membrane-associated IL 1 (mIL 1) by rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) was studied. We found that although there was an increase in secreted IL 1 by PAM exposed to UV-B, the expression of mIL 1 was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PAM that were allowed to express mIL 1 before UV-B irradiation had a faster decay of mIL 1 activity than unirradiated cells. These data suggested that mIL 1 expression is inhibited by UV-B irradiation, and that under normal circumstances, mIL 1 synthesis and degradation is at a steady state, with the half-life of mIL 1 activity being 24 hr when assayed in an IL 1-dependent cell line proliferation assay. These data indicate that secreted forms of IL 1 and mIL 1 are differentially regulated and that the therapeutic effects of UV irradiation may be due to its inhibition of mIL 1 activity. PMID- 3495573 TI - Interleukin 1-driven secretion of interleukin 2 is highly temperature-dependent. AB - To investigate the temperature dependence of T lymphocyte activation, we have examined the IL 1-induced secretion of IL 2 by the murine T lymphoma cell line LBRM-33-1A5. During 24-hr incubations, there are modest increases in IL 2 secretion as culture temperatures are increased from 33 degrees to 37 degrees C, but IL 2 secretion declines at higher temperatures. However, the kinetics of IL 2 release during the first 8 hr of culture are highly temperature-dependent. The rate of IL 2 release increases linearly with temperature over the range from 33 degrees to 41 degrees C, demonstrating temperature coefficients (Q10) greater than 70. In contrast, IL 2-promoted proliferation of a continuous T cell line is much less temperature-dependent with Q10 values of less than 4.0. PMID- 3495574 TI - Synergistic stimulation of fibroblast prostaglandin production by recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. AB - Mononuclear cell production of cytokines that stimulate fibroblast prostaglandin (PG) elaboration is an important mechanism by which mononuclear cells regulate fibroblast function. However, the soluble factors mediating these PG-stimulatory effects are incompletely understood. We characterized the effects on PG production by confluent normal lung fibroblasts of recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (IL 1 alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), alone and in combination. All three cytokines stimulated fibroblast PG production with both IL 1 peptides being significantly more potent than TNF. In addition, TNF interacted in a synergistic fashion with both IL 1 peptides to augment fibroblast PGE elaboration further. The stimulatory effects of the cytokines were almost entirely caused by an increase in PGE2 production and were reversed when the cytokine(s) were removed. These changes in PG production could not be explained by alterations in cell number and were completely negated by specific anticytokine antibodies. Recombinant gamma interferon, although synergizing with TNF in regulating other cellular functions, did not interact with TNF to augment fibroblast PGE elaboration. In addition, the synergistic interaction of IL 1 and TNF did not extend to all biologic effects of IL 1 since TNF did not augment the ability of IL 1 to stimulate thymocyte proliferation. PMID- 3495575 TI - Macrophage C1q: characterization of a membrane form of C1q and of multimers of C1q subunits. AB - It has been shown recently that C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of the classical complement pathway, is synthesized by macrophages and that endogenous C1q is detectable on the macrophage membrane. In this report, we demonstrate that membrane-associated C1q, which contains the A, B, and C chains of C1q, is structurally distinct from fluid-phase C1q in that the B chain of the membrane species is approximately 1000 m.w. less than its fluid-phase counterpart. By using biosynthetically ([3H]proline) labeled C1q from guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, we found that the membrane form of C1q is derived from already secreted C1q. The demonstration of a distinct membrane form of C1q supports earlier functional studies which implicated C1q as a membrane-associated molecule with receptor functions for those molecules which also interact with fluid-phase C1q, such as polyanions, immune complexes, and bacteria. Furthermore, we show that, in the vicinity of macrophages, C1q is very susceptible to oxidation manifested by the formation of disulfide bonds. By SDS-PAGE (nonreduced and reduced), we demonstrate the existence of disulfide-linked multimers (180,000 m.w., 360,000 m.w.) which are composed of the A, B, and C chains of C1q. PMID- 3495576 TI - Reexpression of a T15 idiotope on variant immunoglobulins after the binding of another anti-idiotopic antibody. AB - The phosphorylcholine (PC)-binding myeloma protein TEPC15 (T15) contains several distinct idiotopic determinants that are detectable with monoclonal anti idiotopic antibodies. This study focuses on one of these anti-idiotopes, designated B24-44, which binds to a site near the T15 paratope. Another anti idiotope, B36-82, recognizes an idiotope that is distant from the paratope. Two PC-binding immunoglobulins, 7-22 and 140.7C6, that differ from T15 by one to three amino acids have selectively lost their reactivity with the anti-idiotope, B36-82. However, the B36-82 binding was restored when B24-44 was first allowed to react with these immunoglobulins. The binding of B24-44 as well as the restoration of the B36-82 site was specifically inhibited by PC-protein conjugates. Competition experiments suggested that the newly induced B36-82 determinant is in the same location as the B36-82 binding site on T15. These data indicate that the binding of anti-idiotopic determinants to an immunoglobulin can alter the protein structure and create new determinants. PMID- 3495577 TI - Transcriptional regulation of the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a protein produced by monocytes in response to certain antigens which produces a wide variety of cellular responses in various tissues. We have studied the regulation of the human proIL-1 beta gene in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of this gene results in an immediate and transient increase of message that rapidly falls to a low, but constant, level within 6 hr. This decrease results from a specific repression of transcription by 2 hr after stimulation. Cycloheximide inhibition of new protein synthesis causes a superinduction of IL 1 message, but does not alter the initial kinetics of message production. This presumably delays the synthesis of a labile transcriptional repressor protein and implies that the proIL-1 beta gene is under the control of both a transcriptional activator and a newly synthesized transcriptional repressor. The transient increase in mRNA production and the sustained low-level synthesis beyond the initial transient response suggest that the IL 1 protein itself may act intracellularly in a manner analogous to that described for several proto-oncogenes and cellular competence factors. PMID- 3495578 TI - Enhanced lytic susceptibility of Ha-ras transformants after oncogene induction is specific to activated NK cells. AB - C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts were transfected with a plasmid vector composed of EJ, the mutated c-Ha-ras, and a metallothionein promotor that induced amplified ras expression when activated by culture in the presence of zinc. Experiments were conducted to compare the effect of induction on killing by activated natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, activated macrophages, and antibody plus complement. The only effector that recognized increased ras expression and exhibited high-inducible cytolysis was an activated NK cell. The effectors from spleen were poly I.C. boostable, Lyt-1.1 negative, NK 1.2 positive, and asialo GM1 positive. Spleen cells from T cell-deficient nude mice, but not NK-deficient beige mice, exhibited high levels of killing activity, and experiments with NK cell clones demonstrated that these lines were also highly cytolytic and killed Ha-ras transfectants in parallel to YAC. Transfection of the same fibroblast line with c-myc did not alter the level of activated NK sensitivity. Cold target competition experiments revealed that Ha-ras-transfected and non-transfected 10T1/2 fibroblasts competed equally for lysis of either YAC or Ha-ras transfectants. Rat-1 fibroblasts did not compete, but gained this capacity when transformed with the v-Ki-ras oncogene but not v-fps. These data suggest that Ha ras acts in target cells at a post-binding step, whereas Ki-ras may affect expression of target-effector binding structures. The findings that activated NK cell lysis may be specifically influenced by ras expression support a role for NK cells in host surveillance against early neoplastic changes. PMID- 3495579 TI - CTLA-1 and CTLA-3 serine esterase transcripts are detected mostly in cytotoxic T cells, but not only and not always. AB - We and other investigators previously reported the cloning of CTLA-1 (or CCP-1) and CTLA-3 (or H Factor) serine esterase-related transcripts preferentially expressed in cytolytic T lymphocytes. We extended the survey of the tissue specificity of these molecules. Two main sets of results were obtained. First, both CTLA-1 and CTLA-3 transcripts could be found in the various cytolytic T cells tested, although in widely different amounts, and in some cases just at the threshold of detection. Secondly, these transcripts were not found in most of the other cells tested, including in some natural cytotoxic cells and in activated cytotoxic macrophages; however, they could be detected in mast cells for CTLA-1 and in some noncytotoxic lymphocytes for CTLA-3. Thus, the CTLA-1 and CTLA-3 serine esterase products are most probably not required for macrophage or natural cytotoxicity; their presence cannot be taken as characteristic of cytotoxic T cells; and a discussion about their relevance to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity should take into account their widely different amounts from one cytotoxic T cell to another. PMID- 3495580 TI - Functions of accessory cells in B cell responses to thymus-independent antigens. AB - The functions of adherent accessory (A) cells in thymus-independent (TI) B cell activation were investigated using homogeneous A cell lines with distinct cell surface and functional characteristics, as well as inhibitors of antigen processing and interleukin 1 (IL 1) secretion. B cell responses to both type 1 and type 2 TI antigens were found to be strictly A cell dependent. Only A cells capable of IL 1 secretion could restore responsiveness in A cell-depleted spleen cells, regardless of Ia expression or antigen-processing capability. Moreover, recombinant IL 1 completely replaced A cell function in B cell responses to both TI 1 and TI 2 antigens. Finally, T cell depletion did not diminish the reconstitution by IL 1. Thus in contrast to T cell activation, IL 1 secretion is the only A cell function required in TI B cell activation, and the data are consistent with a direct role for IL 1 in B cell activation. PMID- 3495581 TI - Monoclonal anti-Id antibodies react with varying proportions of human B lineage cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to idiotypic determinants are being used with increasing frequency for analysis and treatment of B cell malignancies. In the present study we have compared the idiotypic specificities of a panel of 39 mouse monoclonal anti-idiotype (anti-Id) antibodies developed against 16 monoclonal human immunoglobulins (Ig). The Id cross-reactivities of these antibodies with Ig products of normal and abnormal B cells were examined by immunofluorescence and immunochemical methods. The reactivity patterns of these anti-Id antibodies with a normal population of plasma cells were highly variable in the immunofluorescence assay. Six were reactive with 2 to 10% of normal plasma cells, 30 with 0.1 to 2% of plasma cells, and three with less than 0.1% of plasma cells from blood, bone marrow, spleen, or tonsils. These reactivity patterns were relatively consistent among samples from 23 Caucasian, black, and Oriental adults. Although the reactivities of most anti-Id antibodies in the panel were not restricted to a particular Ig isotype, several were preferentially reactive with a particular heavy or light chain isotype: one IgM-, two IgA-, two kappa-, and three lambda-restricted antibodies. The immunofluorescence data was confirmed by biosynthetic analysis of Id+ molecules produced by a normal plasma cell population. When the reactivity of this panel of anti-Id antibodies with nonhomologous B cell neoplasms was examined, seven of 30 myelomas or leukemia derived products and one of nine B cell leukemias or lymphomas without paraproteins were found to be cross-reactive with one or two of the anti-Id antibodies. Although clearly significant, the cross-reactivity between the Id of these paraproteins appeared to be of lower affinity than the reactivity of the homologous Id with their respective anti-Id antibodies. The results reveal a remarkable diversity in the specificities of monoclonal antibodies classified by conventional criteria as anti-Id antibodies, and indicate the potential usefulness of a panel of antibodies for analyzing clonal diversity in normal and abnormal B cell development. PMID- 3495582 TI - Human monoclonal multiple-organ-reactive autoantibodies distinguished by mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies: expression of idiotopes in humans with and without autoimmune diseases. AB - Previously we reported on the production and characteristics of a number of human monoclonal autoantibodies. All of these autoantibodies were of the IgM class and reacted with antigens in multiple organs. In this study we generated IgG murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against five human monoclonal autoantibodies, (i.e., MOR-h2, MOR-h3, MOR-h4, CG1, and CG2). These anti idiotypic antibodies reacted strongly with the corresponding human monoclonal autoantibody, but minimally or not at all with other human monoclonal autoantibodies. By using these anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes, we screened sera obtained from normal individuals and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus for the expression of idiotopes. Our study showed that the idiotopes recognized by three of the anti-idiotypic antibodies, i.e., anti-CG1, anti-CG2, and anti-MOR h2, were not expressed, but the idiotopes recognized by two of the anti-idiotypic antibodies, i.e., anti-MOR-h3 and anti-MOR-h4, were expressed in normal individuals. In patients with autoimmune disorders, there was no increase in the expression of the CG1, CG2, and MOR-h2 idiotopes, but 45 and 23% of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus showed a significant increase in the expression of the MOR-h3 and MOR-h4 idiotopes respectively. These findings show that there is widespread expression in the B cell repertoire of certain autoantibody associated idiotopes. PMID- 3495583 TI - Treatment with high doses of anti-IgM prevents, but with lower doses accelerates autoimmune disease in (NZW x BXSB)F1 hybrid mice. AB - We have treated autoimmune-prone (NZW x BXSB)F1 hybrid mice with polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse IgM antibodies starting from birth to define conditions leading to quantitative and functional elimination of the B cell compartment and to determine the effect of anti-IgM treatment on the development of autoimmune disease. A maintenance dose of anti-IgM antibodies (600 micrograms/wk), which efficiently induced B cell depletion in various non-autoimmune strains of mice, was not sufficient to deplete B cells from autoimmune-prone (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice. (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice required approximately twice as many anti-IgM antibodies (1200 micrograms/wk) to maintain the suppression of B cell development. Continuous treatment with the sub-suppressive dose of anti-IgM antibodies led to a marked acceleration of autoimmune disease in (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice. In contrast, elimination of B cells in (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice with a higher dose of anti-IgM antibodies (1200 micrograms/wk) completely prevented autoantibody production, immune complex formation, and development of glomerulonephritis and vascular lesions associated with mononuclear cell infiltrations. Our results are a direct demonstration of the primary role of autoantibodies for the development of various tissue lesions seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and indicates that autoreactive effector T cells, if they exist, play no major direct role in the pathogenesis of SLE, at least in (NZW x BXSB)F1 hybrid mice. PMID- 3495584 TI - Subcellular localization of human monocyte interleukin 1: evidence for an inactive precursor molecule and a possible mechanism for IL 1 release. AB - IL 1 activity, as assayed by the proliferation of responsive mouse thymocytes and a human astrocytoma cell line, was detected on the membrane of 1% paraformaldehyde-fixed activated human monocytes. Resting, unactivated monocytes did not display IL 1 activity. Maximum induction of membrane IL 1 was obtained from monocytes treated with polyclonal activators, such as LPS or Staphylococcus aureus, whereas adherence was a weak inducer of membrane IL 1. Isolated cell compartments as plasma membranes, crude lysosomes, and crude cytosol from activated human monocytes expressed significant IL 1 activity, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum showed no IL 1 activity. Exposure to trypsin of either fixed, activated human monocytes or cell compartments from unfixed monocytes, revealed biologically active IL 1 in the membrane, crude lysosome, and crude cytosol, but not in the endoplasmic reticulum. The IL 1 activity in the purified cytosol, prepared by extraction with digitonin, was considerably increased by the trypsin treatment, whereas the increase in IL 1 activity within crude lysosomes and plasma membranes was less. The cell compartments from nonactivated monocytes did not express active IL 1 and trypsin treatment revealed no active IL 1, suggesting the absence of a pool of the trypsin-sensitive form of IL 1. The data confirm the presence of membrane-bound IL 1 in activated human monocytes and indicate that an inactive precursor molecule can be found in the cytosol of such cells. Furthermore, the absence of IL 1 activity either in its active form or as the inactive precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum suggests that IL 1 is not a conventionally secreted protein. Because IL 1 was found in the cytosol as a precursor and in the lysosomal fractions in an active form, these data suggest that after the synthesis and processing of the cytosolic precursor, the 17-kda IL 1, is released via lysosomal vesicles. PMID- 3495585 TI - Liposomes expressing IL 1 biological activity. AB - We determined the activity of IL 1, obtained from various human monocyte subcellular compartments, when associated with liposomes. Soluble IL 1, bound to the outer surface of lyophilized liposomes, stimulated responsive target cells. However, this activity was not preserved when soluble IL 1 was incorporated into the inner chambers of classical liposomes. In contrast, monocyte plasma membranes that exhibited IL 1 activity had the same level of activity when presented on lyophilized liposomes and when incorporated inside the classical liposomes. However, monocyte plasma membranes bound to the outer surface of the liposomes exhibited greater activity than the monocyte membrane IL 1 itself in its soluble form. This suggests that membrane IL 1 is an integral membrane protein, readily integrated into the lipid bilayers. Like soluble IL 1, the expression of IL 1 activity present in the cytosol of activated monocytes was decreased by incorporation into liposomes, but was high and active when presented on lyophilized liposomes. The best artificial cell reconstitution was obtained with lyophilized liposomes in association with monocyte cytosol and plasma membranes. When an unactivated monocyte compartment was mixed with one from an activated monocyte, the signal was equal to that of the activated cell compartment alone. The IL 1 activity of activated cell fractions associated with lyophilized liposomes was determined, and an increase of IL 1 activity for both plasma membranes and cytosol was observed, whereas a decrease of the signal was obtained for the lysosomal compartment. Endoplasmic reticulum showed no IL 1 activity, even after trypsin treatment. The highest activity after trypsin treatment was recovered in the cytosol associated with lyophilized liposomes, suggesting that molecules obtained after this treatment were able to bind tightly to the lipid bilayers. PMID- 3495586 TI - Genetic regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1 production by murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - The production of IL 1 by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from inbred mouse strains was studied. Macrophages from A/J (A) mice were deficient in IL 1 production, when compared with high IL 1-producing strains, including C57BL/6J (B). The difference between A and B macrophages was maintained over a wide LPS concentration range and throughout a 72-hr incubation period. Because of these differences, it was possible to investigate the mechanisms regulating IL 1 production by applying techniques of genetic analysis by using recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from the A and B progenitors. A strain distribution pattern (SDP) of IL 1 production (low/high response) was obtained with the use of 15 AXB/BXA RI strains. This suggested the presence of a major gene locus controlling the production of IL 1 in response to LPS stimulation, with allelic differences presumably resulting in deficient or efficient IL 1 production. In addition, there appeared to be one or more other loci involved in determining the magnitude of the IL 1 response to LPS in the responder mice. The IL 1 response did not appear to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex, since B10.A mice (which share the same H-2a haplotype as A/J) were efficient IL 1 producers. There did not appear to be any correlation between the degree of IL 1 production and the magnitude of the peritoneal macrophage inflammatory response, or between IL 1 production and LPS responsiveness (as determined by splenocyte proliferation). SDP analysis also indicated that the IL 1 response was not linked to macrophage tumoricidal activity. A comparison of the SDP for IL 1 production with a library of SDP for other known genetic waits suggested linkage with at least four loci on chromosome 1. PMID- 3495587 TI - Down-regulation of interleukin 1 production by macrophages of sarcoma-bearing mice. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from mice bearing a transplantable methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma produced progressively less IL 1 as tumor burden increased. The loss of activity was not explained by the production of any inhibitor of the mouse thymocyte comitogen bioassay. Immune precipitation with a polyclonal antibody confirmed the decline in IL 1 appearance. Although tumor-bearing animals lost approximately 17% of their carcass mass, the reduced production of IL 1 was not satisfactorily explained by coexistent malnutrition, since similarly depleted non-tumor-bearing mice were capable of producing IL 1. In addition to an altered IL 1 production by macrophages of tumor-bearing mice, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed that the pattern of secretory protein synthesis from LPS-stimulated and unstimulated peritoneal macrophages differed between tumor-bearing and control animals. Administration of LPS to tumor-bearing mice early after tumor transplantation resulted in reduced tumor growth and prevented the down-regulation of in vitro IL 1 production by peritoneal macrophages. These findings demonstrate a specific defect in IL 1 production associated with increasing tumor burden. Further studies are required to determine whether this defect in IL 1 synthesis contributes to the increased tumor growth. PMID- 3495588 TI - Evidence for effects of interleukin 4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) on macrophages: enhancement of antigen presenting ability of bone marrow-derived macrophages. AB - We have studied the effects of recombinant mouse interleukin 4 (IL 4) (previously known as B cell stimulatory factor 1) on the antigen-presenting ability of murine splenic B cells and bone marrow macrophages. Our assay is based on the induction of antigen-presenting ability in these cells after incubation with IL 4 for 24 hr. The presenting cells were then used to stimulate IL 2 production by antigen specific, I-Ad-restricted T cell hybridomas, a response mainly dependent on the induction of Ia antigens. Consistent with our previously published data using partially purified natural IL 4, we show here that recombinant IL 4 (but not interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or IL 1) induces antigen-presenting ability in B cells. Recombinant IL 4 was also found to induce antigen-presenting ability in a cloned, bone marrow derived-macrophage cell line (14M1.4), and in normal bone marrow-derived macrophages. These macrophage populations also respond to IFN gamma showing enhanced antigen-presenting ability (mediated by increased Ia antigen expression). A small but significant increase in Ia antigen expression was also detected in 14M1.4 macrophages induced with IL 4. However, additional analysis suggested that the effect of IL 4 on 14M1.4 is different from that of IFN-gamma, because IL 4 (but not IFN-gamma) is able to maintain the viability and increase the size of and metabolic activity of bone marrow macrophages. However, IL 4 may not affect all macrophages because the macrophage cell line P388D1, which responds to IFN-gamma, failed to show enhanced antigen-presenting function after stimulation with IL 4. These observations indicate that IL 4, a lymphokine previously considered to be B cell lineage specific, has effects on macrophages and may be involved in their activation. PMID- 3495589 TI - Disparate effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin and tumor necrosis factor-beta/lymphotoxin on hematopoietic growth factor production and neutrophil adhesion molecule expression by cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin (TNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor beta/lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are inflammatory mediators with similar spectrums of cytotoxic activity against tumors in vitro and in vivo. We compared the effect of purified recombinant human TNF-alpha and TNF-beta on neutrophil adhesion molecule expression and hematopoietic growth factor production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelial cells acquired adhesive properties for neutrophils after a 4-hr incubation with as little as 5 U/ml TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha stimulated a dose-dependent increase in endothelial cell adhesiveness for neutrophils, with a maximal effect at 250 U/ml. In contrast, TNF-beta did not enhance endothelial-dependent neutrophil adherence until a concentration of 600 to 1200 U/ml was reached. Endothelial cells cultured for 24 hr with TNF-alpha, 10 to 1,000 U/ml, released hematopoietic colony-stimulating activity. TNF-beta failed to augment growth factor production by endothelial cells at any concentration tested. Inhibitor assays showed that the absence of detectable colony-stimulating activity was not due to direct inhibition of colony growth by TNF-beta or to release of hematopoietic inhibitors by the TNF-beta-stimulated endothelial cells. Purified natural TNF-beta was similar to recombinant TNF-beta in its effect on neutrophil adhesion molecule expression and growth factor production by endothelial cells. These results indicate that the two immunomodulatory proteins TNF-alpha and TNF-beta differ in their effects on a common target tissue. TNF-beta, which retains tumoricidal properties, shows fewer proinflammatory activities on cultured endothelial cells than TNF-alpha in vitro. PMID- 3495590 TI - Forssman glycolipid, an antigenic marker for a major subpopulation of macrophages from murine spleen and peripheral lymph nodes. AB - Three hybridoma clones were isolated after hybridization of a mouse myeloma line with splenocytes from rats immunized with Forssman glycosphingolipid (Fo). Two of these clones produced Fo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAB) of the IgM class, one MAB of the IgG2c class. In complement-dependent depletion experiments and immunofluorescence studies on the nature of Fo-positive leukocytes in CBA/J mice the following results were obtained: whereas blood monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes were Fo negative, 5 to 10% of suspended spleen cells were positive. The majority of these were macrophage-like, glass- and nylon adherent, nonspecific esterase-positive phagocytizing cells carrying Ia and globoside markers. These cells participated as accessory cells in the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. In cell suspensions from axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, 2% were Fo positive. They were enriched up to 70% in the glass-adherent, esterase-positive population from this source. In contrast, no Fo-positive cells were detected in mesenteric lymph nodes, and less than 0.1% of the resident peritoneal macrophages bore this marker. The percentage of Fo-positive cells increased to 1% in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells. Immunostaining of cryosections of lung and liver tissue showed alveolar macrophages and Kupffer cells, respectively, to be Fo negative. PMID- 3495591 TI - Streptococcal serotype carbohydrate represents a novel class of type 2 antigen which is T-independent. AB - Our studies reported here, fully characterize two unique type 2 antigens trinitrophenol (TNP)-M1 serotype carbohydrates (TNP-M1 g and TNP-M1 c) derived from streptococci, which fail to induce antibody responses in xid or neonatal mouse splenic cultures. These antigens generate brisk responses in normal spleen and Peyer's patch cell cultures of xid mice, all of which suggest that responses are elicited in the Lyb-3+, 5+ B subpopulation. The antibody responses to TNP-M1 g (and TNP-M1 c) are not dependent upon T cells. Furthermore, TNP-M1 carbohydrates induce anti-TNP plaque-forming (PFC) responses in cultures of small, resting splenic B cell populations without an added T cell requirement. Thus two categories of type 2 antigens are distinguished, one which requires T cells or derived factors, e.g., TNP-Ficoll, and a second TNP-carbohydrate antigen TNP-M1 that does not. Studies of the mitogenic and polyclonal B cell activation properties of M1 carbohydrates indicated that B cell proliferation is induced in both xid (Lyb-3-, 5-) and normal (Lyb-3-, 5- and Lyb-3+, 5+) splenic B cell subpopulations, but that differentiation to IgM synthesis fails to occur in the Lyb-3-, 5- B cell subpopulation. Thus M1 carbohydrates are unique probes that allow the selective induction of proliferation and differentiation of mature B cells that are presumably Lyb-3+, 5+. Because the M1 serotype carbohydrates induce polyclonal IgM synthesis and antigen-specific responses in only the mature B cell population in the absence of T cells, whereas TNP-Ficoll and other type 2 antigens require T cells or their derived factors, the Lyb-3+, 5+ B cell subpopulation may consist of a T cell-dependent and a T cell-independent compartment for responses to different carbohydrate type 2 antigens. PMID- 3495592 TI - Aging and immunity to tuberculosis: increased susceptibility of old mice reflects a decreased capacity to generate mediator T lymphocytes. AB - This study employed an experimental mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to investigate the effects of aging on T cell-mediated protective cellular immunity. It was found that although mice of 3 to 18 mo of age were fully resistant to a standard immunizing dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, progressive mortality was observed in old (24 to 28 mo) mice. Death of these older animals was associated with an inability to contain or to eliminate the mycobacterial infection in the spleen and liver, and with an inability to prevent the progressive growth of the infection in the lungs. It was then revealed by the use of reciprocal passive cell transfer experiments that the age-related susceptibility of old mice reflected an inability to generate mediator protective T lymphocytes in response to the infection. In contrast, no evidence was obtained to indicate any defect at the effector cell (macrophage) level, as evidenced primarily by the finding that immune T cells from young mice conferred equivalent levels of immunity upon both old and young recipients. The results suggest therefore that T cell-mediated immunity undergoes an age-related decline in terms of its ability to respond to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 3495593 TI - Whole ricin and recombinant ricin A chain idiotype-specific immunotoxins for therapy of the guinea pig L2C B cell leukemia. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of whole ricin, or recombinant ricin A chain, coupled to a monoclonal antibody that reacts with the idiotype of the surface IgM expressed on guinea pig L2C lymphoblasts, was assessed. In vitro studies were done to characterize the immunotoxins (IT) and to demonstrate their specificity before use in vivo. The concentration of whole ricin IT (M6-Ricin) that inhibited protein synthesis by 50% (IC50) in L2C cells was 1.4 X 10(-9) M, in a 5-hr assay, in the presence of lactose to block non-antibody-directed toxicity. M6-Ricin did not inhibit protein synthesis in two control guinea pig cell lines that did not express the idiotype, nor did a whole ricin IT prepared with an isotype-matched monoclonal antibody of irrelevant specificity inhibit protein synthesis in L2C cells. Two recombinant ricin A chain IT, which differed from one another by a factor of 2 to 3 in the number of A chains conjugated per antibody molecule, were less effective in vitro than M6-Ricin (IC50 of greater than 5 X 10(-8) M). For in vivo experiments, the IT were given by the i.p. route 24 hr after the i.p. inoculation of 1 X 10(5) L2C cells. The highest doses of M6-Ricin and M6-Ricin A chain IT tested, 30 micrograms/kg and 3000 micrograms/kg, respectively, were within fourfold to fivefold of their maximum tolerated doses; no deaths or ill effects due to ricin toxicity were noted. These doses increased the median survival time of L2C-bearing guinea pigs to 31 to 34 days, compared with 15 days for untreated animals. This magnitude of increase in survival indicates that 99.999% (5 logs) of injected tumor cells were eliminated, thus accounting for the 12% long-term survival rate obtained. Median survival times for guinea pigs treated with 30 micrograms/kg of the A chain IT were 18 and 21 days for the two conjugates tested, and the median survival for guinea pigs treated with 3000 micrograms/kg of unconjugated antibody was 18 days. Our data demonstrate that recombinant A chain IT are active in vivo and that the B chain of ricin can potentiate IT activity in vivo. Although the potency differs by 100-fold, the therapeutic index of the intact ricin IT is similar to that of the ricin A chain IT. PMID- 3495594 TI - B cell stimulatory factor-1 (interleukin 4) prepares resting murine B cells to secrete IgG1 upon subsequent stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1)/interleukin 4 markedly enhances IgG1 and IgE secretion by B cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that preincubation of resting B cells with BSF-1 alone prepares them to secrete IgG1, but not IgE, on subsequent stimulation with LPS. The ability of BSF-1 preincubation to increase overall viable cell yield on the subsequent addition of LPS only partially accounts for this enhancement. The degree of enhancement is dependent on the duration of preincubation, up to at least 48 hr. BSF-1 exerts this effect on resting B cells which have been selected for absence of surface IgG and in the presence of the reversible DNA synthesis inhibitor, hydroxyurea. BSF-1 can act to significantly enhance the IgG1 response when added for 48-hr periods before, at the same time as, or after the addition of LPS. These results suggest strongly that the mode of action of BSF-1 in preparing for the secretion of IgG1 is independent of that of LPS. PMID- 3495596 TI - Effect of infection with murine recombinant retroviruses containing the v-src oncogene on interleukin 2- and interleukin 3-dependent growth states. AB - The cloned murine interleukin 3 (IL 3)-dependent cell lines FD.C/1, 32Dc1-23, and KP3 can each be switched to interleukin 2 (IL 2)-dependent growth states. Replication-defective retroviral vectors have been used to introduce the v-src oncogene into each of these cell lines maintained in either an IL 3- or an IL 2 dependent growth state. These cell lines maintained in an IL 3-dependent growth state were converted to lymphokine-independent growth after infection with v-src. These same cells maintained in an IL 2-dependent growth state and infected with v src maintained strict lymphokine dependence for growth. Another cloned murine IL 3-dependent cell line, GM, can be switched to a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent growth state. GM cells maintained as IL 3- or GM-CSF-dependent cells readily converted to a lymphokine-independent growth state when infected with v-src. These experiments indicate that either there exist differences in the biochemical mechanisms of signal transduction through the IL 3- and IL 2-specific receptors, or developmental processes associated with the switching of cells to an IL 2-dependent growth state influence expression of the v-src gene product. These cell lines offer new ways not only for analyzing biochemical pathways that regulate cell growth, but also for analyzing the control of oncogene expression. PMID- 3495595 TI - Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone exhibits target cell selectivity in its capacity to affect interleukin 1-inducible responses in vivo and in vitro. AB - The ability of i.v.-administered recombinant human interleukin 1 (IL 1 beta) to increase core body temperature, stimulate an increased production of serum amyloid P substance, and augment blood levels of circulating neutrophils in mice was inhibited in a dosage-dependent manner by administration of the neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). alpha-MSH administration was also capable of inhibiting the capacity of i.v.-administered IL 1 beta to enhance plasma levels of corticosterone and to depress the generation and/or elicitation of contact hypersensitivity responses to skin-reactive chemicals. An analog of alpha-MSH (Nle4, D-Phe7 alpha-MSH), known to be more potent than native alpha-MSH in a number of melanotropin-sensitive systems, was determined to be more active than alpha-MSH in the modification of these same in vivo responses. Neither alpha MSH nor its analog were capable of altering the capacity of IL 1 to stimulate increased plasma levels in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In vitro, neither alpha-MSH nor its analog were capable of reducing the capacity of IL 1 to stimulate fibroblast production of PGE2 or to augment the proliferation of murine thymocytes exposed to phytohemagglutinin. The apparent selectivity associated with the regulatory influences of alpha-MSH on IL 1-induced responses in vivo suggests that this neuropeptide may function as an endogenous inhibitor of certain immunomodulatory and inflammatory activities of the cytokine IL 1. PMID- 3495597 TI - Membrane-associated interleukin 1 activity on human U937 tumor cells: stimulation of PGE2 production by human chondrosarcoma cells. AB - Membrane-associated interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity was induced on the human macrophage tumor cell line, U937, by pretreatment with phorbol myristic acid (PMA). Incubation of PMA-treated, paraformaldehyde-fixed U937 cells with the murine cell line D10.G4.1 in the presence of concanavalin A caused an increase in DNA synthesis as measured by the uptake of tritiated thymidine. Paraformaldehyde fixed U937, not pretreated with PMA, showed little or no activity. A rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against human IL 1 neutralized all membrane associated IL 1-like activity, as measured by the inhibition of D10.G4.1 cell proliferation. PMA-treated U937 caused a pronounced enhancement of PGE2 production from a human chondrosarcoma cell line, SW-1353. Membrane-associated IL 1 induced a more potent PGE2 response than did a maximal concentration of soluble IL 1. Rabbit antihuman IL 1 neutralized membrane-bound IL 1 induction of PGE2. The data presented here raise the possibility that membrane-bound IL 1 may play a primary role in the pathophysiology of the inflammatory disease process. PMID- 3495598 TI - IgM binding protein expressed by activated B cells. AB - We have identified an IgM binding protein, a single chain polypeptide of Mr 60,000, that is expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes within 18 hr following their activation with phorbol myristate acetate. The IgM binding protein was also detected on fresh leukemic B cells from individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and the level of its expression was increased after phorbol myristate acetate activation. Resting and phorbol myristate acetate-activated T cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes did not express detectable amounts of the IgM binding protein. The 60-kDa protein on activated human B cells could bind secreted IgM molecules of both mouse and human origin, as well as endogenous membrane-bound IgM molecules following their cross-linkage with anti-mu antibodies. The binding of soluble IgM molecules to the surface of activated B cells was also demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. PMID- 3495599 TI - Vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis in a murine model. I. Induction of protective immunity with a soluble extract of promastigotes. AB - BALB/c mice can be protected against a fatal Leishmania major infection by immunization with whole radio-attenuated promastigotes; however, neither the antigens responsible for protection nor the protective immunologic mechanisms have been defined. In this study, the ability of promastigote fractions to elicit similar immunity to that obtained with whole organisms, and the immune responses associated with such protection were analyzed. Intraperitoneal immunization with a soluble, membrane-free parasite extract was found to induce protection against L. major challenge equal to that obtained with whole organisms. Induction of immunity (89% protection in seven experiments) was most effective with 100 micrograms of the soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) and required concomitant injection of the bacterial adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum (CP), followed by an i.p. boost of SLA alone 1 wk later. Vaccinated animals exhibited Leishmania specific cell-mediated immunity, as assessed both by lymphocyte transformation and the production of macrophage-activating factors (MAF). In addition, although SLA + CP-immunized mice failed to exhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) before challenge, splenic lymphocytes from these mice could transfer a local DTH reaction to naive recipients. Immunization also induced the production of antibodies against two major metabolically labeled proteins of m.w. 30,000 and 53,000, but failed to stimulate a detectable humoral response against promastigote surface antigens. Thus, these experiments demonstrate that vaccine induced immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis is strongly associated with the induction of cell-mediated immunity, but does not require the development of an antibody response to promastigote surface antigens. In addition, these studies establish the feasibility of employing soluble, nonmembrane-derived parasite material as a source of protective immunogens. PMID- 3495601 TI - Effects of human alveolar macrophages on the induction of lymphokine (IL 2) activated killer cells. AB - Normal human alveolar macrophages (AM) significantly and reproducibly suppress induction of IL 2-activated killer (LAK) cell activity against allogeneic Burkitt's lymphoma (Daudi) cells. Incubation of purified peripheral blood lymphocytes for 4 days with autologous AM and 1 U/ml of IL 2 resulted in AM mediated suppression of LAK activity, whereas peripheral blood monocytes isolated freshly by centrifugal elutriation from the same donor potentiated induction of LAK activity by IL 2. The suppression of LAK cell induction by human AM was dependent on the density of AM added to the lymphocyte cultures. Recombinant IFN gamma did not affect AM-mediated suppression of LAK cell induction by IL 2. Both AM and monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide markedly suppressed LAK cell induction by IL 2. AM-mediated down-regulation was seen only when AM were added immediately after the start of incubation of lymphocytes with IL 2; AM potentiated LAK activity when added 1 day later. Similar AM-mediated suppression of LAK cell induction was observed with four lines of allogeneic lung cancer cells as targets for LAK activity. These results indicate that AM may be important in regulation of in situ induction of LAK activity in the lung. PMID- 3495600 TI - Generation of NK cell activity from human bone marrow. AB - This study was designed to examine the effect of interleukin 2 (IL 2) on cytotoxic activity of human bone marrow cells and to characterize the IL 2 dependent killer cells and the cell population required for their induction. We have demonstrated that the most aggressive IL 2-dependent killer cells (directed against leukemic and solid cancer targets) exhibited LGL morphology and expressed NK cell-associated antigens NKH1 and CD16, but not T cell-associated antigens CD3, CD4, CD5, or CD8. Similarly, the bone marrow cell population necessary for induction of killer cells with highest cytotoxic activity displayed NK cell surface characteristics, as exemplified by CD16 and Leu-7 antigens. On the contrary, very low or no lytic activity was generated from the bone marrow cell population expressing T cell markers CD3 and CD5. These data indicate that the IL 2-dependent bone marrow-derived killer cells with antitumor activity were activated NK cells. If T cells are involved at all in IL 2-dependent bone marrow killing, their potency is inferior to that of activated NK cells. The clinical applications of these studies are discussed. PMID- 3495602 TI - Localization of human mononuclear cell interleukin 1. AB - The detection and localization of interleukin (IL) 1 in human monocytes was carried out by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta proteins. IL-1 alpha was detected on the surface of monocytes and the surface expression increased following lipopolysaccharide activation. No demonstrable IL-1 beta protein could be observed on the cell surface by antibody staining, while both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta could be visualized intracellularly by the appropriate monoclonal antibodies following acetone permeabilization of the monocytes. Further experiments with cell associated IL-1 revealed that most of the biological activity of human monocytes could be inhibited by affinity purified polyclonal antibodies to IL-1 alpha protein, whereas no inhibitory activity was observed with IL-1 beta specific antibodies. These data support the hypothesis that a differential localization of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta exists within human blood-derived monocytes. PMID- 3495603 TI - Directed fusion in hybridoma production. AB - We have attempted to increase the frequency of azobenzene arsonate-specific hybrids by bridging specific B cells to the myeloma partner cells prior to polyethylene glycol-induced fusion. Bridging was accomplished by prelabeling the B cells with avidin-labeled antigen and incubating them with myeloma cells that had been modified directly with biotin. We have tested this system of hybridization with B cells from normal mice, and mice undergoing both primary and secondary responses. We found that the method is fruitful for IgG-secreting hybridomas of moderately high affinity. PMID- 3495604 TI - Human placental lactogen level in normal pregnancy and labour. PMID- 3495605 TI - Secondary cases of invasive disease caused by spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Three 6-year-old girls were admitted to hospital within a period of 9 days because of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Two days after the index case contracted bacterial meningitis, her twin sister developed septicemia. Nine days after onset of illness in the index case, a day care contact developed a febrile illness. The antibiograms of the bacterial strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid or blood in the first two cases were identical; in the third case, blood cultures were negative but Hib antigen could be detected in serum and in urine. These cases illustrate the contagiousness of Hib disease. All household contacts of a case should be informed about the risk and their protection with rifampicin considered. PMID- 3495606 TI - [Glucose metabolism in ischemic myocardium: quantitative imaging using positron emission tomography]. AB - We determined the myocardial metabolic rate for glucose (MMRGlc) in the ischemic or infarcted myocardium using 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET), and studied energy metabolism in the ischemic myocardium. In some cases, we compared glucose metabolism images by 18-FDG with myocardial blood flow images using 15-oxygen water. Two normal subjects, seven patients with myocardial infarction and four patients with angina pectoris were studied. Coronary angiography was performed within two weeks before or after the PET study to detect ischemic areas. PET studies were performed for patients who did not eat for 5 to 6 hours after breakfast. Cannulation was performed in the pedal artery to measure free fatty acid, blood sugar, and insulin. After recording the transmission scan for subsequent correction of photon attenuation, blood pool images were recorded for two min. after the inhalation of carbon monoxide (oxygen-15) which labeled the red blood cells in vivo. After 20 min., oxygen-15 water (15 to 20 mCi) was injected for dynamic scans, and flow images were obtained. Thirty min. after this procedure, 18-FDG (5 to 6 mCi) was injected, and 60 min later, a static scan was performed and glucose metabolism images were obtained. Arterial blood sampling for the time activity curve of the tracer was performed at the same time. According to the method of Phelps et al, MMRGlc was calculated in each of the region of interest (ROI) which was located in the left ventricular wall. MMRGlc obtained from each ROI was 0 to 17 mg/100 ml/min. In normal subjects MMRGlc was 0.4 to 7.3 mg/100 ml/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495607 TI - [Reverse redistribution in dipyridamole-loading thallium-201 images using single photon emission computed tomography]. AB - This study demonstrated the clinical significance of reverse redistribution, i.e., a decrease in the relative Tl activity in the redistribution image compared to that of the stress image after administration of dipyridamole. Dipyridamole was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.142 mg/kg per min for four min, and a stress image was obtained 10 min after the injection of two mCi 201Tl. Each patient returned for redistribution scanning in the identical position three hours after the isotope injection. The myocardial image of Tl was analyzed by single photon emission computed tomography and its washout rate was calculated by the segmental ROI method. Myocardial function and the motion of left ventricular wall were analyzed by 99mTc-RBC-gated cardiac pool imaging. The results were as follows: Reverse redistribution was noted in 27 (21.6%) of 125 consecutive Tl dipyridamole and redistribution myocardial imaging studies. The stress image demonstrated normal perfusion (group 1) and reduced perfusion (group 2) of Tl. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients with diabetes mellitus, supraventricular arrhythmias, hypertension, and others. Group 2 consisted of 10 patients with subendocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and others. The percentage prevalence of reverse redistribution among patients with supraventricular arrhythmia was 62.5% (five of eight patients), with subendocardial infarction 60.0% (three of five), with hypertension 42.8% (six of 14), and with diabetes mellitus 40.0% (eight of 20), while in those with transmyocardial infarction and angina pectoris no reverse redistribution percentage was found. The washout rate of Tl in normal perfusion areas was 44.0 +/- 12.8%, the reverse redistribution of group 1 was 47.4 +/- 12.8%, and of group 2 was 51.2 +/- 8.2%. The washout rate of the reverse redistribution of group 2 was significantly greater than that of the normal areas. In gated cardiac pool imaging, patients in group 2 had significantly larger areas showing abnormal contraction of the left ventricular wall and significantly lower ejection fraction than did group 1. In the electrocardiogram ST segment depression was noted more frequently in group 2 than group 1. No Q wave was present in the corresponding reverse redistribution area. These results suggest that reverse redistribution might occur in a region with a combination of scarred and normal myocardium, the metabolically affected myocardium, and an area with relatively increased myocardial blood flow. The patients in group 2 seem to have the more pathological myocardium than do those in group 1. PMID- 3495608 TI - [Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities evaluated by factor analysis as compared with Fourier analysis]. AB - Factor analysis was applied to multigated cardiac pool scintigraphy to evaluate its ability to detect left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in 35 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI), and in 12 control cases with normal left ventriculography. All cases were also evaluated by conventional Fourier analysis. In most cases with normal left ventriculography, the ventricular and atrial factors were extracted by factor analysis. In cases with MI, the third factor was obtained in the left ventricle corresponding to wall motion abnormality. Each case was scored according to the coincidence of findings of ventriculography and those of factor analysis or Fourier analysis. Scores were recorded for three items; the existence, location, and degree of asynergy. In cases of MI, the detection rate of asynergy was 94% by factor analysis, 83% by Fourier analysis, and the agreement in respect to location was 71% and 66%, respectively. Factor analysis had higher scores than Fourier analysis, but this was not significant. The interobserver error of factor analysis was less than that of Fourier analysis. Factor analysis can display locations and dynamic motion curves of asynergy, and it is regarded as a useful method for detecting and evaluating left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 3495610 TI - [Myocardial involvement in muscular dystrophy evaluated by thallium-201 emission computed tomography]. AB - The clinical usefulness of thallium-201 myocardial emission computed tomography (ECT) for evaluating left ventricular myocardial fibrosis was assessed in 47 patients with Duchenne (MD), facioscapulo-humeral (FSH), limb-girdle (LG) and myotonic (MT) dystrophy. Trans-, long- and short-axial images were interpreted quantitatively by circumferential profile analysis, and the extent of fibrotic tissue (%FIB) was estimated by integrating hypoperfused areas in six to eight consecutive short-axial slices. Lung/mediastinum count ratio (L/M ratio), LV cavity dilatation, aneurysm formation and cardiac malrotation were also assessed with ECT. Distinct ECT defects were demonstrated in 95 of a total of 235 LV segments (40%) and in 37 of 47 cases (85% of DMD, 71% of FSH, 50% of MT and 60% of LG). They were observed specifically in the posterior wall (82%) and the apex (65%) in DMD, and were scattered in all LV wall segments in FSH, LG, and MT. There was a significant correlation between %FIB and the L/M ratio (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001), and the L/M ratio was significantly higher in DMD than in MT (0.67 +/- 0.36 vs 0.34 +/- 0.25, p less than 0.05). ECT showed marked LV dilatation in seven (15%), apical aneurysm in five (11%) and vertical heart in 12 (26%) of the 47 patients. There were no significant correlations between age or clinical stage scores and numbers of defect segments or %FIB in each group. During the one-year follow-up period of these patients, a DMD boy with the largest %FIB (54%) and the highest L/M ratio (1.4) together with LV dilatation had complications of refractory heart failure and he died eight months following the ECT examination. Thallium-201 planar imaging and standard 12-lead ECG underestimated the perfusion defects which were evaluated with ECT. PMID- 3495609 TI - [Right ventricular ischemia evaluated by radionuclide ventriculography]. AB - The clinical usefulness of radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) was evaluated in patients with right ventricular ischemia. The subjects consisted of 25 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, 19 patients with old myocardial infarction and six patients with angina pectoris who had severe stenosis of the right coronary artery. In patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, follow-up radionuclide studies were performed during the recovery periods on the first, 7th-14th, and 30th hospital day. Fifteen of the 25 patients initially had decreased right ventricular ejection fractions (evidence of right ventricular infarction). The mean value was 28 +/- 8% on the initial day, but 7-14 days and 30 days after the acute attack, it improved markedly to 36 +/- 9% and 39 +/- 9%, respectively. Regional wall motion abnormality resolved in 10 of the 15 patients on the 30th hospital day. In 25 patients with old myocardial infarction or with angina pectoris, RNV was performed at rest and during supine exercise to determine the influence or right coronary artery disease. Right ventricular ejection fraction was changed by exercise from 42 +/- 7% to 44 +/- 10% in patients with proximal artery lesions, and from 45 +/- 7% to 50 +/- 10% in patients with distal artery lesions. Right ventricular ejection fraction increased in patients with isolated right coronary artery disease (rest: 44 +/- 8%, exercise: 49 +/- 9%), decreased in patients with combined left anterior descending artery disease (rest: 40 +/- 6%, exercise: 38 +/- 11%) and increased in patients with combined circumflex artery disease (rest: 43 +/- 5%, exercise: 47 +/- 6%). We concluded that right ventricular infarction is a frequent complication in patients with inferior myocardial infarction. However, right ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular regional wall motion abnormality improve dramatically within one month. Stress-induced ischemia would be rare in patients with isolated right coronary artery disease. The above findings support the notion that the right ventricular myocardium has peculiar coronary perfusions. PMID- 3495611 TI - [Indications for aortocoronary bypass operation in elderly patients: medical point of view]. AB - Aorto-coronary (A-C) bypass operations were performed in 20 patients aged 68 to 78 years, and the indications for this operation were discussed retrospectively. The subjects consisted of 14 patients successfully operated and six patients unsuccessfully operated (death 3, graft occlusion 2, perioperative infarction 1). The results were as follows: Average age: There was no difference between the successful group (71.1 +/- 3.3 years; mean +/- SD) and the unsuccessful group (70.3 +/- 2.9 years). Coronary arteriographic findings: The average number of narrowed branches (greater than or equal to 75% stenosis) was 4.3 +/- 3.0 in the successful group (triple vessel disease in 12 cases and double vessel disease in four) and 2.7 +/- 0.5 in the unsuccessful group (triple vessel disease in four and double vessel disease in two), showing no significant difference between the two groups. Nine patients (64.3%) in the former group and one (16.7%) in the latter group had significant left main coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis). Hemodynamic findings: Ejection fractions of less than 40% existed in three patients (50%) solely in the unsuccessful group; two of whom died. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressures of 30 mmHg or more existed in two cases (33.3%) only in the latter group. Other cardiac findings: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension of 55 mm or more was found in one (7.1%) successful case and four (66.7%) unsuccessful cases. 201Tl-scintigrams showed a dilated left ventricular cavity in one case (7.1%) in the former group and two (33.3%) in the latter. Functions of other organs: Forced expiratory volume 1.0% or % vital capacity less than 70% was recognized in two cases (33.3%) only in the latter group. A level of serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dl was seen in only one case in the latter group. A case with advanced diabetes mellitus was present in the unsuccessful group, and this patient died of diabetic coma. A-C bypass operations are indicated for elderly patients when they have good cardiac function and have no complications of the kidneys, lungs and other organs. It is presumed that grafting the main coronary branches, thereby shortening the time of cardiopulmonary arrest prevents postoperative complications. PMID- 3495612 TI - The effect of interferon treatment in rabies prophylaxis in immunocompetent, immunosuppressed, and immunodeficient mice. AB - The development of rabies is modulated by many interacting factors, most of which are dependent on the host immune response. For this reason, we studied the action of interferon (IFN) treatment on street rabies virus infection in mice, immunocompetent or immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. In immunocompetent mice, paralysis of hind limbs is the first symptom characteristic of rabies disease before weight loss and general prostration leading to death. Paralysis does not occur in immunosuppressed mice, which develop a shaggy hair and eventually lose weight and die. Administration of interferon (10(5) units, intraperitoneally) 1 h after virus inoculation and every 24 h led to a delay in the onset of first disease signs, but in general did not rescue immunocompetent or immunosuppressed mice from death. In both types of mice, rabies virus production in the brain was reduced by 1 log in response to IFN treatment. In immunocompetent mice treated with IFN, there was a significant increase of antibody synthesis against rabies virus. As expected, antibody synthesis in immunosuppressed mice was almost negligible. However, in mice treated with IFN and cyclophosphamide there was still significant antibody synthesis specific for rabies virus. IFN administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally crosses the blood-brain barrier to cause enhanced levels of the two double-stranded RNA-dependent enzymes, the protein kinase and 2',5' oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase in the brain. However in spite of this effect, IFN treatment seems to be unable to prevent the evolution of rabies disease in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. Since the suppressing effect of cyclophosphamide is nonselective on both the cellular and humoral immune responses of mice, we investigated the action of IFN in rabies virus-infected athymic nude mice, which lack T cells. Athymic nude mice infected with street rabies virus become cachectic and die without any apparent symptom of paralysis of hind limbs. IFN treatment (administered as above) protected nude mice against rabies infection. Three months after virus inoculation and 2 months after the end of IFN treatment, 7 of 8 IFN-treated mice remained in perfect health. These results illustrate that the efficacy of IFN treatment against the evolution of rabies disease in mice is dependent on the suppression of the T-cell-mediated immune response of the host. PMID- 3495613 TI - [A study of the patency of sequential bypass grafting for small coronary arteries]. PMID- 3495614 TI - [Activation of complement during cardiopulmonary bypass--comparative study using 4 different oxygenators]. PMID- 3495615 TI - [A successful triple A-C bypass using the internal mammary artery in a child with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 3495616 TI - [A case of left atrial myxoma with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3495617 TI - [A case of constrictive pericarditis associated with coronary artery disease]. PMID- 3495618 TI - [Ontogenic development of human natural killer (NK) cells and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells]. AB - Ontogenic development of human NK cells and LAK cells was evaluated in fetuses in spontaneous abortion, premature infants and full term infants. Additionally, we examined the effect of the production of interleukin-2(IL-2) of cord blood lymphocytes on PHA stimulation. The results were as follows. The NK activity of full term infants was significantly lower than that of adults. But augmented NK activity by recombinant IL-2 (20 U/ml) of term infants was the same as adult levels. However, before 32 weeks gestation, both NK activity and augmented NK activity by recombinant IL-2 were lower than that in full term infants. Using two color flow cytometry, after 16 weeks gestation, the percentage of Leu7- Leu11+ cells was almost equal to the adult level, but only a small number of Leu7+ Leu11+ and Leu7+ Leu11- lymphocytes was noted in premature infants and full term infants. LAK activity was evaluated in fetuses. Fetus that had advanced to 19 weeks of gestation had sufficient LAK activity. After 16 weeks gestation, fetal lymphocytes had good IL-2 production. Therefore in infants, LAK cell can play an important role in immunological surveillance against neoplastic tumor. PMID- 3495619 TI - Binding of human von Willebrand factor to collagen and to collagen-stimulated platelets. AB - Binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to collagen and to "collagen-stimulated platelets" was studied. Purified human iodine 125-labeled vWF binds to collagen. Binding was rapid, dependent on collagen and vWF concentration, independent of divalent ion concentration, and inhibited by unlabeled vWF as well as by high concentrations of fibronectin and fibrinogen. It was blocked by six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human vWF (B200 through B205). Conversely, binding of 125I vWF to platelets in the presence of collagen (collagen-treated platelets) was time dependent, saturable, and dependent on collagen, vWF, and divalent ion concentration. It was also inhibited by unlabeled vWF, fibronectin, or fibrinogen as well as by MAbs to vWF B200 through B205. In addition, binding of vWF to collagen-treated platelets was blocked by MAb to vWF 9 previously shown to inhibit binding of vWF to glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa as well as by a MAb to GPIIb IIIa. This binding was also strikingly decreased with use of patient platelets deficient in either GPIIb-IIIa or GPIa, whereas it was normal in the presence of a MAb to GPIb or when testing patient platelets deficient in GPIb. In conclusion, binding of vWF to platelets in the presence of collagen appeared to be a three step phenomenon, including: binding of vWF to collagen; interaction of collagen with its receptor on the platelet membrane (GPIa ?), leading to activation of platelets and exposure of GPIIb-IIIa; and binding of vWF to GPIIb-IIIa. PMID- 3495620 TI - Preserving personal autonomy for the elderly. Competency, guardianship, and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3495621 TI - Teaching legal medicine in law schools. PMID- 3495622 TI - Teaching legal medicine to health professionals. PMID- 3495623 TI - Teaching legal medicine. An interdisciplinary seminar in professional ethics for medical students and law students. PMID- 3495625 TI - Symposium on teaching legal medicine. Introduction. PMID- 3495626 TI - Teaching legal medicine in medical schools. PMID- 3495624 TI - The diverse goals involved in treatment of the mentally ill. Is a collision inevitable? PMID- 3495627 TI - Failure of the synthetic androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11 triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R1881) to duplicate the activational effect of testosterone on mating in castrated male rats. AB - Administration of the synthetic steroid, 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra 4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R1881), which is an androgen receptor agonist not metabolized in vivo, at doses of 400, 800 or 2400 micrograms/kg s.c. in propylene glycol stimulated mounting and ejaculation only slightly in sexually experienced castrated rats. A similar low level of mating was observed in a group of castrated rats given testosterone at doses of 400 followed by 800 micrograms/kg. However, when treated with a higher dose of testosterone (2400 micrograms/kg) these castrated rats displayed significantly higher levels of mounting and ejaculation than rats treated with any of the doses of R1881. Also, when this higher dosage of testosterone was substituted for each dose of R1881, significant increments in mounting and ejaculation occurred in all groups. These findings show that R1881 is only marginally effective in restoring sexual behaviour in castrated rats, suggesting that the activation of neural androgen receptors cannot by itself account for the activational effect of testosterone on mating behaviour in gonadally intact male rats. PMID- 3495628 TI - Effect of sialoadenectomy, treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) antiserum and replacement of EGF on the epidermis in mice. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was present at a mean concentration of 266 +/- 18 (S.E.M.) pmol/mg wet tissue in the submandibular gland of 3-month-old male mice; it was also present in plasma at a concentration of 364 +/- 149 pmol/l. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the plasma EGF content to undetectable levels (less than 16.5 pmol/l), lowered the concentration of EGF in the skin from 1.22 +/- 0.11 to 0.47 +/- 0.08 fmol/mg wet tissue and reduced the thickness of the epidermis from 28.9 +/- 2.7 to 11.0 +/- 0.8 micron in 3 weeks (P less than 0.001). Epidermal growth factor antiserum given to sialoadenectomized mice further decreased the thickness of the epidermis to 8.3 +/- 0.6 micron. No appreciable change was observed in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. In sialoadenectomized mice, replacement of EGF prevented the decrease in thickness of the epidermis in a dose-dependent manner when started immediately after the operation. Treatment with EGF also effectively restored the normal morphology of the epidermis when its thickness had declined to its lowest level. These results suggest that EGF plays a physiological role in the maintenance of the epidermis. PMID- 3495629 TI - Covalent association of C3b with C4b within C5 convertase of the classical complement pathway. AB - The C5 convertase of the classical complement pathway is a complex enzyme consisting of three complement fragments, C4b, C2a, and C3b. Previous studies have elucidated functional roles of each subunit (4, 6, 7), but little is known about how the subunits associate with each other. In this investigation, we studied the nature of the classical C5 convertase that was assembled on sheep erythrocytes. We found that one of the nascent C3b molecules that had been generated by the C3 convertase directly bound covalently to C4b. C3b bound to the alpha' chain of C4b through an ester bond, which could be cleaved by treatment with hydroxylamine. The ester bond was rather unstable, with a half-life of 7.9 h at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. Formation of the C4b-C3b dimer is quite efficient; e.g., 54% of the cell-bound C3b was associated with C4b when 25,000 molecules of C4b and 12,000 molecules of C3b were present per cell. Kinetic analysis also showed the efficient formation of the C4b-C3b dimer; the rate of dimer formation was similar to or even faster than that of cell-bound monomeric C3b molecules. These results indicate that C4b is a highly reactive acceptor molecule for nascent C3b. High-affinity C5-binding sites with an association constant of 2.1 X 10(8) L/M were demonstrated on C4b-C3b dimer-bearing sheep erythrocytes, EAC43 cells. The number of high-affinity C5-binding sites coincided with the number of C4b-C3b dimers, but not with the total number of cell-bound C3b molecules. Anti C4 antibodies caused 80% inhibition of the binding of C5 to EAC43 cells. These results suggest that only C4b-associated C3b serves as a high-affinity C5 binding site. EAC14 cells had a small amount of high-affinity C5 binding sites with an association constant of 8.1 X 10(7) L/M, 100 molecules of bound C4b being necessary for 1 binding site. In accordance with the hypothesis that C4b associated C4b might also serve as a high-affinity C5-binding site, a small amount of C4b-C4b dimer was detected on EAC14 cells by SDS-PAGE analysis. Taken together, these observations indicate that the high-affinity binding of C5 is probably divalent, in that C5 recognizes both protomers in the dimers. The high affinity binding may allow selective binding of C5 to the convertase in spite of surrounding monomeric C3b molecules. PMID- 3495630 TI - The autoantigen-binding B cell repertoires of normal and of chronically graft versus-host-diseased mice. AB - A quantitative analysis of the frequencies of autoantibody-producing B cells in GVHD and in normal mice has been undertaken by generating collections of hybridomas of activated B cells. These hybridomas secreted sufficient quantities of Ig to allow binding analyses on a panel of autoantigens. B cells have been activated in a variety of ways. In vivo they were activated by injection of alloreactive T cells of one parent, leading to GVHD by a foreign antigen, sheep erythrocytes, in a secondary response, or by the polyclonal activator LPS. B cells from an experimentally unstimulated animal were used for an analysis of the normal background. In vitro B cells were activated by alloreactive T cells or by LPS. The frequencies of hybridomas and, therefore, of activated B cells producing autoantibodies to DNA or to kidney were not significantly different in mice activated by a graft-vs.-host T cell response as compared with B cell populations activated by any of the other procedures. They were found to compose 7.1-17.1% of the total repertoire of activated B cells. Moreover, the frequencies of autoantibody-producing activated B cells does not change with time after induction of the graft-vs.-host reaction. The pattern and frequencies of autoantigen-binding specificities to cytoskeleton, smooth muscle, nuclei, mitochondria, and DNA were not found to be different in any of the groups of hybridomas. The single notable exception, found in GVHD mice, were hybridomas producing autoantibodies to kidney proximal tubular brush border. These results allow the conclusion that autoantigen-binding B cells exist in an activated state in GVHD mice, as well as in mice activated by a foreign antigen or by a polyclonal activator, in B cell populations activated in vitro either by alloreactive T cells or by a polyclonal activator, and even in the background of experimentally unstimulated animals. T cell-mediated graft-vs.-host activation, in large part, does not lead to a selective expansion of autoantigen-binding B cells. The main difference between the graft-vs.-host-activated B cell repertoire and all others is that approximately 90% of teh autoantibodies were of the IgG class, whereas al autoantibodies found in the other groups were IgM. PMID- 3495631 TI - Systemic autoimmune disease arises from polyclonal B cell activation. AB - The number of B cells producing antibodies reactive with any of seven autoantigens or two conventional antigens was compared at the single-cell level to the total number of Ig-secreting B cells present in the spleens of NZB, MRL lpr/lpr, and BXSB autoimmune mice. The proportion of lymphocytes producing antibodies of each specificity, expressed as a percentage of the total B cell repertoire, was virtually identical among autoimmune and congenic nonautoimmune animals. Furthermore, B cells and serum antibodies reactive with conventional antigens increased commensurately with those reactive with autoantigens. These results indicate that systemic autoimmune diseases arise from polyclonal B cell activation. PMID- 3495632 TI - Characterization of renal prolactin-binding sites of two amphibians (Ambystoma tigrinum and Rana catesbeiana) and a reptile (Pseudemys scripta elegans). AB - The specific binding of 125I-ovine prolactin (oPRL) to renal membrane preparations from Pseudemys scripta elegans, Ambystoma tigrinum, and Rana catesbeiana was characterized. All three membranes showed specific oPRL binding that was dependent upon time, temperature, pH, and membrane concentration. Scatchard analysis of the binding of 125I-oPRL revealed high-affinity sites with KA values of 2.1 X 10(10), 3.6 X 10(10), and 1.25 X 10(10) M-1 for kidney membranes of Pseudemys, Ambystoma, and Rana, respectively. In addition, there was a low-affinity site on the Ambystoma membranes. The binding capacities ranged from 31 to 70 fmol/mg of membrane protein. The hormonal specificity of these membranes was studied by competing increasing amounts of oPRL, human growth hormone (hGH) derived from recombinant DNA techniques, bovine (b) GH, and human placental lactogen (hPL) with 125I-oPRL. The oPRL standard and hGH were the most potent competitors in all three assays, although hGH was not as potent as the oPRL. Human PL was moderately active in the turtle kidney assay, weakly active in the Ambystoma radioreceptor assay, and inactive in the bullfrog assay. Bovine GH had low potency on the turtle membranes and was inactive in the amphibian assays. The results of these studies indicate that the characteristics of renal PRL receptors of Pseudemys, Ambystoma, and Rana are similar to those of lactogenic receptors throughout the vertebrates. In addition, these data provide evidence for the first time of renal PRL receptors in a reptile. PMID- 3495633 TI - Virological aspects of measles virus-induced encephalomyelitis in Lewis and BN rats. AB - Lewis and Brown Norway (BN) rats which are susceptible or resistant to autoimmune reactions against brain antigen, respectively, were inoculated intracerebrally with a neurotropic measles virus. Suckling rats died from a rapidly fatal acute encephalopathy (AE). With increasing age Lewis rats developed a subacute measles encephalomyelitis (SAME) whereas BN rats showed a clinically silent encephalitis (CSE). Infectious virus could occasionally be recovered from SAME animals using cocultivation techniques but not from BN rats with CSE. With monoclonal antibodies against measles virus, viral proteins were localized in brain tissue. Nucleocapsid and phosphoprotein were detected in infected brain cells of all animals with AE, SAME and CSE, whereas measles virus haemagglutinin, fusion and matrix proteins were either reduced or absent, suggesting a restricted synthesis of measles virus envelope proteins. These data suggest that the different diseases of the two rat strains are related to the immunogenetic background rather than to the replication of measles virus in the central nervous system. This animal model provides the opportunity to investigate further the events occurring during establishment of measles virus persistence in the brain, and the genetic control of associated immunological and immunopathological reactions. PMID- 3495634 TI - Biochemical events in the development of parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. PMID- 3495635 TI - Uptake, release, and subcellular localization of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in blood platelets. AB - The neurotoxic compound 1-[methyl-3H]-4-phenylpyridinium ([3H]MPP+) was actively taken up by human, rabbit, and guinea pig platelets incubated in plasma. In human platelets, the apparent Km of this uptake (22.6 microM) was 50 times higher than that for serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT]). The uptake of [3H]MPP+ by human platelets was inhibited by selective 5-HT uptake blockers [cianopramine, (-) paroxetine, and clomipramine], by metabolic inhibitors (KCN and ouabain), and by drugs that interfere with amine storage in the 5-HT organelles (reserpine, mepacrine, and Ro 4-1284). Impairment of the transmembrane proton gradient by ionophores (monensin and nigericin) induced a marked release of radioactivity from platelets preincubated with [3H]MPP+. Fractionation of homogenates of rabbit platelets preincubated with [3H]MPP+ showed that the drug was concentrated to a great extent in the 5-HT organelle fraction. MPP+ competitively inhibited [14C]5 HT uptake by human platelets and reduced the endogenous 5-HT content of human, rabbit, and guinea pig platelets. These investigations show that MPP+ is transported into the platelets via the 5-HT carrier and is accumulated predominantly in the subcellular organelles that store 5-HT and other monoamines. It is suggested that an accumulation of MPP+ in amine storage vesicles of neurons may be involved in the effects of the drug in the CNS, e.g., by protecting other subcellular compartments from exposure to high concentrations of MPP+, by sustaining a gradual release of the toxin, or both. PMID- 3495636 TI - Selective indications for the use of praziquantel in the treatment of brain cysticercosis. AB - The selective use of praziquantel for the treatment of brain cysticercosis in human beings is described, based upon the results of clinical tests conducted during a 2 year period. Forty patients with clinical diagnosis of cysticercosis, confirmed and documented by CT, were treated. They are divided into four groups, representative of the various forms of the disease. The results assessed by clinical evaluation and sequential CT, give a ten point criterion of the indications for praziquantel. PMID- 3495637 TI - Survival pattern and cause of death in patients with multiple sclerosis: results from an epidemiological survey in north east Scotland. AB - The mean survival period in a series of 216 multiple sclerosis deaths, which formed part of a large prevalence sample observed in the Grampian region of Scotland, was 24.5 years, with an insignificant difference between females (25.7 years) and males (23.5 years). A third of the patients survived for over 30 years after onset. The age at death ranged between 25-80 years, with majority of the deaths occurring in the seventh decade (37%). On comparing life expectancy with the Scottish general population using life tables, only a slight reduction in the short-term (less than 10 years from onset) survival was noted in all age groups, with the exception of those with onset over the age of 50 years. The long-term life expectancy was however markedly reduced in all age groups compared with the controls. The survival period could be accurately predicted from the degree of disability at a point in time, and could be correlated with a number of clinical features, the most important of which was the age at onset. Eighty five per cent of those with onset of multiple sclerosis over the age of 50 years died within 20 years. Patients with a cerebellar disturbance at onset survived the shortest, and those with a brainstem lesion or retrobulbar neuritis the longest; those with a pyramidal dysfunction had an intermediate prognosis. Other parameters which could be correlated with the survival were: the timing and frequency of occurrence of psychiatric and urinary symptoms, interval between onset and first relapse and the course of the disease. As expected, most patients (89%) were significantly disabled (unable to walk) prior to death, only a minority, however, had become so within 10 years of the onset (10%). Sixty two per cent of the patients died of complications of multiple sclerosis. No unusual excess of any disease was noted amongst other causes. As expected, the majority of patients (55%) had bronchopneumonia as the terminal event, 11% had septicaemia, 15% had myocardial infarction and 4% had documented pulmonary embolism. This is the largest series of its kind where prognosis, judged by survival period, has been assessed amongst all multiple sclerosis patients derived from a prevalence sample and observed till death. PMID- 3495638 TI - T lymphocyte-derived demyelinating activity in multiple sclerosis patients in relapse. AB - Supernatants of cultured T lymphocytes of multiple sclerosis patients were tested for a demyelinating activity in rat cerebellum explant cultures. Supernatants of unstimulated T lymphocytes in seven out of 10 multiple sclerosis patients in relapse produced demyelination when checked by phase contrast microscopy. Supernatants of unstimulated T lymphocytes from healthy subjects did not produce demyelination, but when T cells were stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), 50% of tested supernatants produced demyelination, which was, however, never as advanced as in multiple sclerosis supernatant treated cerebellum cultures. The demyelinating activity proved to be heat labile. Gel filtration study revealed two fractions of the demyelinating activity 12.5-29.0 kD and 43.0-66.0 kD. The results suggest that lymphokines can be directly involved in the pathogenesis of demyelination in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3495639 TI - HLA-DR2 negative narcolepsy. PMID- 3495640 TI - Failure to detect plasma neuropeptide release during trigeminal thermocoagulation. PMID- 3495641 TI - Activated T-cells and macrophages in the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal meningeal exudate in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - An analysis has been made of the cell types which mark with monoclonal antibodies against T cells, macrophages and the IL-2 receptor (anti-Tac) in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal meningeal exudates taken from guinea pigs in the relapse and remission stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE). Whilst the T-cell and macrophage content of blood remained unchanged throughout the course of CR-EAE, T cells accounted for the majority of the CSF pleocytosis associated with relapsing disease but both T cells and macrophages populated the meningeal exudate in substantial numbers. Activated T cells (Tac+) rose in number in blood only after the onset of relapse but formed a far higher proportion of the CSF pleocytosis or meningeal exudate than in paired blood samples. Meningeal exudate cells from Freund's adjuvant inoculated, but not uninoculated animals, also showed an increase in Tac+ cell levels. In addition, the meningeal exudate contained a substantial number of cells which did not label with anti-T or anti-macrophage antibodies and which did not vary in absolute numbers throughout the course of disease. PMID- 3495642 TI - Levodopa-induced dyskinesia and response fluctuations in primates rendered parkinsonian with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). AB - Six non-human primates received doses of MPTP sufficient to produce a severe parkinsonian syndrome. Levodopa therapy reversed parkinsonian features in all animals, but resulted in dose-dependent choreoathetoid movements of the lower limbs of 3, together with akathisia and dystonia in 2. 'End-of-dose deterioration' was common to all animals, although 'on-off' periods were only seen in 3. Preliminary observations using a clinical rating scale and automatic activity counters demonstrate that both the motor response to levodopa and the complications of therapy are readily quantifiable. We suggest that this is a useful experimental model for testing new strategies in the management of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, particularly with regard to the prevention of drug-induced involuntary movements. PMID- 3495645 TI - Coherent neural activity in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog. AB - With a dual-electrode configuration separable few-unit activity was recorded both on one electrode as well as on two electrodes in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog to a large variety of stimuli. Activity recorded on one electrode was separated by a pattern recognition technique through the use of features of the action potential waveform. Functional connections between units were established on basis of cross-correlation histograms of pairs of simultaneously recorded units. A hierarchical scheme was adopted to describe the various manifestations of neural correlation. If a peak or trough was observed in the simultaneous cross correlation histogram, irrespective of stimulus conditions, this was called neural synchrony. If this peak or trough was not equal to its shift predictor estimating the stimulus contribution, neural correlation was considered to be present. About 60% of the pairs exhibited neural synchrony, mostly due to shared stimulus influences, independent of mutual distance of units. About 15% of the unit pairs showed neural correlation indicating a functional neural connection. Neural correlation was observed only in units with a distance smaller than 300 micron. The majority (approximately 85%) of the cases showing neural correlation could be ascribed to neural shared input. Unidirectional excitation was observed only in unit pairs recorded on the same electrode. Unidirectional inhibition could not be demonstrated. The dependency of occurrence of neural correlation on unit distance has implications for models of the functional organization of the auditory midbrain. About half of the neurally correlated pairs showed stimulus dependencies of their functional connections. Together with the observed lack of stimulus invariance of single-unit spectrotemporal sensitivities this indicates a dynamic stimulus dependency of functional neuronal organization in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog. Neuron pairs with a large overlap of their spectrotemporal sensitivities on average had neurally correlated activities more often than pairs with a smaller amount of overlap. In comparison to single-unit coding, ensemble coding by populations of neurons may show an enhanced selectivity to stimulus characteristics. PMID- 3495644 TI - An X-ray diffraction study of changes in myelin structure during experimental allergic neuritis. AB - In order to determine whether the structure of the myelin membranes is modified during experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), we have performed X-ray diffraction studies of in vivo and of isolated sciatic nerves from Lewis rats exposed to different EAN-producing treatments. We have observed a decrease of the intensities in the X-ray reflections without changes in spatial resolution. The level of decrease correlated with the severity of the demyelinating lesions. In comparison to nerves from normal healthy rats the electron density profile of sciatic nerve myelin from animals in acute stages of EAN showed small differences at both cytoplasmic and extracellular spaces of the myelin membrane. Dynamic X ray diffraction patterns recorded kinetically in vivo from a nerve injected intraneurally with a neuritogenic antiserum do not show additional reflections characteristic of a distinct lattice of increased periodicity, suggesting that the early stages of demyelination do not involve an intermediate ordered state. PMID- 3495643 TI - Thymosin-alpha 1 increases the capability to produce interleukin-3 but not interleukin-2 in nu/nu mice. AB - Thymosin-alpha 1 increased the capability of nu/nu mice to produce interleukin (IL)-3 but not IL-2 when administered intraperitoneally at doses of 0.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg twice a week for 3-6 weeks. Thy-1-positive cells were responsible for the production of IL-3, which was determined by proliferation of the IL-3 dependent cell line (FDC-P2) as well as by augmentation of the in vitro growth of hematopoietic stem cells (colony-forming unit S [CFU-S]). The IL-3 activity released by nu/nu splenocytes emerged in fractions coincidentally with IL-3 released by WEHI-3 cells on Mono Q anion-exchange chromatography. However, IL-2 activity determined by proliferation of the IL-2-dependent cell line was not detected in any fractions of the same chromatography. These findings indicate that IL-2 is not always coproduced with IL-3 by Thy-1-positive cells. This suggests, taken together with results from previous studies about the cells producing IL-2 and IL-3 by other investigators, that thymosin-alpha 1 exerts its effect at an early stage of T cell differentiation to induce a T cell subpopulation capable of producing IL-3 (but not yet IL-2). Based on the present findings, we discuss the mechanism of action by which thymosin-alpha 1 exerts its diverse effects in immunosuppressed hosts but not a potentiating effect in healthy normal animals or in in vitro assays of T cell function. PMID- 3495646 TI - Kinetics of [11C]N,N-dimethylphenylethylamine in mice and humans: potential for measurement of brain MAO-B activity. AB - Carbon-11-labeled N,N-dimethylphenylethylamine ([11C]DMPEA) was synthesized by the reaction of N-methylphenylethylamine with [11C]methyl iodide. This newly synthesized radiotracer was developed for the purpose of in vivo measurement of monoamine oxidase-B activity in the brain using a metabolic trapping method. Initially, biodistribution was investigated in mice. The rapid and high uptake of 11C radioactivity in the brain was observed following intravenous injection of [11C]DMPEA, the peak of which was reached at 1 min, followed by a decrease at 1-5 min and slowly thereafter. The kinetics of [11C]DMPEA in the human brain were determined using positron emission tomography (PET) and showed that 11C radioactivity increased gradually over 60 min following initial rapid uptake of 11C radioactivity, with basal ganglia and thalamus showing high accumulation. PMID- 3495647 TI - Radionuclide imaging in a case of tertiary syphilis involving the liver and bones. AB - Tertiary syphilis is an unusual entity. We have encountered a case of tertiary syphilis of the liver and bone demonstrated by scintigraphy. With liver involvement, the liver scan showed focal defects due to gummas, and distortion due to scarring. Bone involvement was shown as increased cortical activity from periostitis, focal hot spots due to osteomyelitis, and cold defects due to gumma formation. Because syphilis is easily treated, but may not be as readily recognized, the diagnosis should be considered in cases of focal liver or bone disease of obscure etiology. PMID- 3495648 TI - Use of short- and long-lived rubidium tracers for the study of transient ischemia. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) with rubidium-82 (82Rb) has been developed to measure regional myocardial perfusion and to detect transient ischemia both in the experimental laboratory and in humans. There are known and separate contaminating effects of the 82Rb signal by disturbances in wall motion, wall thinning, and the partial volume effect that occur during transient ischemia. In nine anesthetized greyhounds, PET with 82Rb (T1/2 = 78 sec) was used to determine the regional myocardial uptake of this cation during a control period that consisted of a mild stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the absence of ischemia (to limit reactive hyperemia), during 10 min of total occlusion and, finally, at 30 and 60 min of recovery with release of the occlusion but not of the stenosis. Separately, rubidium-81 (81Rb); T1/2 = 4.58 hr) was given as a peripheral intravenous injection 2 hr before the study to allow this long-lived tracer to distribute in the potassium space of the myocardium. Observations during control and ischemia revealed marked decreases in 82Rb uptake (0.84 +/- 0.12 to 0.28 +/- 0.12, p = 0.001) in affected regions and were paralleled by similar decreases in microsphere blood flow (0.88 +/- 0.08 to 0.12 +/- 0.10 ml/min/g, p = 0.003), which gradually recovered by 60 min postischemia. Lesser decreases in 81Rb activity (0.84 +/- 0.11 to 0.76 +/- 0.17, p = 0.83) were observed in the same regions during ischemia, but these were immediately reversible. Separate in vitro postmortem experiments in eight rabbits confirmed a linear relationship between plasma and myocardial activities of stable potassium and 81Rb although there was a greater concentration of 81Rb in the myocardium that in the plasma relative to potassium (y = -3.29 +/- 0.79 x, s.e.e. 1.91, r = 0.95). These studies demonstrate that if 81Rb is given intravenously to distribute into the potassium pool, tomograms of the heart may be recorded to measure the potassium-rich mass of myocardium providing information about the acute effects of wall thinning during ischemia. Rubidium-81 used in this way may be helpful in assessing the effects of wall thinning and/or scar when other tracers are being used to assess perfusion or metabolism. PMID- 3495649 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 21-fluoroprednisone as a potential ligand for neuro-PET studies. AB - No-carrier-added fluorine-18-labeled fluoroprednisone ([18F]21-fluoroprednisone) was synthesized by tosylate displacement in 2%-8% radiochemical yield in 80 min end of cyclotron bombardment (EOB), and its metabolism and distribution were investigated. After intravenous administration to rats, [18F]21-fluoroprednisone was rapidly cleared from the blood and biotransformed into [18F]20-dihydro-21 fluoroprednisone. The suitability of [18F]21-fluorocorticoids for receptor imaging in humans with positron emitting tomography will depend on the synthesis of compounds with high binding affinity and low rate of carbonyl reduction at C 20. PMID- 3495651 TI - Estimating asbestos exposure: a comparison of methods. AB - The association between pleural plaques and asbestos exposure was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 951 male shipyard workers. Asbestos exposure was estimated by the men themselves and also by an expert panel whose judgment was based only on occupational title. The analysis was restricted to men who had had at least 20 years of exposure and who had not changed jobs during their period of employment in the shipyards. The results showed that there was a much closer correlation between the occurrence of pleural plaques and the men's own estimates of exposure than between the occurrence and the experts' estimates. Contrary to reports of other investigators, the authors found no association between smoking habits and the occurrence of pleural plaques (rate ratio = 1.0, chi 2 (1) = 0.3). PMID- 3495650 TI - Impaired immunity in vitamin A-deficient mice. AB - Vitamin A deficiency was produced in mice and was used to investigate the role of vitamin A in immune function. Cellular immunity, as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity, diminished in early deficiency before weight and appetite changes occurred and declined further as the deficiency progressed. Humoral immunity, as measured by serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) responses to a protein antigen (hemocyanin), also declined. The kinetics of antibody production were unaffected by the deficiency. The T-cell number remained unchanged, but B-cell and macrophage numbers were increased in vitamin A--deficient mice. Surface expression of membrane glycoproteins (Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, L3T4, IgM, Mac-1) was unchanged by the deficiency, as were lymphocyte numbers and distribution. The results suggest that vitamin A deficiency is associated with a functional immune system defect. PMID- 3495652 TI - Heavy marijuana use and crime among youths entering a juvenile detention center. PMID- 3495653 TI - Indices of protein metabolism in term infants fed either human milk or formulas with reduced protein concentration and various whey/casein ratios. AB - Hyperaminoacidemia is evident in infants fed either whey-dominant or casein dominant formula containing 2.2 g protein/100 kcal. We assessed protein metabolism in infants fed formulas with reduced protein contents and various whey/casein ratios. Term infants (n = 40) received either human milk or formula containing 1.8 g protein/100 kcal and whey/casein ratios 18:82, 34:66, or 50:50. At ages 4 and 8 weeks, growth indices and mean serum concentrations of retinol binding protein, albumin, total protein, and serum urea nitrogen were similar, as were mean plasma concentrations of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, and their ratio. Compared with infants fed human milk, those fed formula had plasma concentrations similar for valine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, histidine, threonine, and free and total cyst(e)ine; elevated for phenylalanine, methionine, and citrulline; and depressed for taurine and tryptophan. Except for leucine, mean plasma amino acid values varied similarly among formula groups despite differences in intakes. Our data indicate that feeding formulas providing 1.8 g protein/100 kcal results in many indices of protein metabolism characteristic of human milk feeding. However, certain differences are noted, suggesting the need for further manipulation of specific amino acid patterns of infant formulas. PMID- 3495655 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties and antipyretic action of 3 aminoindazole derivatives]. PMID- 3495654 TI - Serum osteocalcin concentrations in infancy: lower values in those fed cow milk formula versus breast feeding. PMID- 3495656 TI - [Inhibitory effect of ketoconazole and various steroids on delta 16-C19-steroid synthesizing activity and 17 alpha-hydroxylase/lyase activity in pig testicular microsomes]. PMID- 3495657 TI - Design considerations in development of a prototype, piezoelectric internal fixation plate: a preliminary report. AB - The piezoelectric internal fixation plate represents a new concept in orthopaedic implants. The purpose of this device is to provide stable bone fixation while delivering internally generated, microampere direct currents to prevent or treat nonunion of a fracture or osteotomy. Clinically, currents of this type have been effective in treatment of nonunion, but application has required separate, implanted, or external battery or radiofrequency powered circuits. The "piezoplate" being developed contains an integral piezoelectric element that generates current in response to either physiological loading such as weightbearing or to externally applied ultrasound. Currents are processed by a rectifying circuit for delivery to bone by electrodes. Specially designed series/parallel piezoelectric elements and dual processing circuits are required to generate optimum rectified currents from the low-frequency, high-voltage signals generated by weightbearing, as well as the high-frequency, low-voltage signals produced by ultrasound. This paper reports on the current status of development and describes design parameters of this device which combines the modalities of mechanical fixation and electrical stimulation in a single implant. PMID- 3495658 TI - Ophthalmic survey of Bhopal victims 104 days after the tragedy. PMID- 3495659 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in rural area. PMID- 3495660 TI - Freeze-fracture localization of filipin-sterol complexes in plasma- and cyto membranes of Pneumocystis carinii. AB - The polyene antibiotic, filipin, was used as the probe for demonstrating sterols in the freeze-fractured plasma- and cytomembranes of Pneumocystis carinii. The distribution of filipin-sterol complexes was homogeneous on the plasma membrane throughout all developmental stages from trophozoite to cyst; however, the density of the complexes gradually decreased with the progress of development. In the trophozoite, the density of the complexes was 485 +/- 42/micron2 on the P face and 341 +/- 27/micron2 on the E face. It was 249 +/- 50 on the P face and 132 +/- 48 on the E face in the precyst and 138 +/- 24 and 59 +/- 20, respectively, in the cyst. The membranes of nucleus, mitochondria, and small round bodies showed more or fewer complexes while no complexes were found in the membranes of one endoplasmic reticulum. In nuclear and mitochondrial membranes, some small scattered clusters of complexes were observed. Two types of vacuoles were distinguished: one having many complexes in its membrane and the other having none at all. PMID- 3495661 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in an African setting. PMID- 3495662 TI - [Isolated sphenoidal tumor localization in a child, disclosing histiocytosis X]. AB - A case of isolated sphenoidal tumor localization in a child without any endocrinological disorder and revealing an histiocytosis X is reported. This mode of presentation is extremely rare. The diagnosis of histiocytosis X must be evoked and proved in lesions of the sellar region in children. PMID- 3495663 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon. PMID- 3495664 TI - Inhibition of the mammalian beta-lactamase renal dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase-I) by (Z)-2-(acylamino)-3-substituted-propenoic acids. AB - The title enzyme deactivates the potent carbapenem antibiotic imipenem in the kidney, producing low antibiotic levels in the urinary tract. A series of (Z)-2 (acylamino)-3-substituted-propenoic acids (3) are specific, competitive inhibitors of the enzyme capable of increasing the urinary concentration of imipenem in vivo. Many of the compounds were prepared in one step from an alpha keto acid and a primary amide. The optimum R2 groups are 2,2-dimethyl, -dichloro, and -dibromocyclopropyl. With R2 = 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl (DMCP), a wide variety of R3 groups including alkyl, oxa- and thiaalkyl, and alkyl groups containing acidic, basic, and neutral substituents give effective inhibitors with Ki values of 0.02-1 microM and a range of pharmacokinetic properties. By resolution of enantiomers and X-ray crystallography, the enzyme-inhibitory activity of the DMCP group was found to reside with the 1S isomer. The cysteinyl compound 176 (cilastatin, MK-0791) has the desired pharmacological properties and has been chosen for combination with imipenem. PMID- 3495665 TI - Arrangement of myosin heads in relaxed thick filaments from frog skeletal muscle. AB - The distribution of myosin heads on the surface of frog skeletal muscle thick filaments has been determined by computer processing of electron micrographs of isolated filaments stained with tannic acid and uranyl acetate. The heads are arranged in three strands but not in a strictly helical manner and so the structure has cylindrical symmetry. This accounts for the "forbidden" meridional reflections seen in diffraction patterns. Each layer-line therefore represents the sum of terms of Bessel orders 0, +/- 3, +/- 6, +/- 9 and so on. These terms interact so that, unlike a helical object without terms from overlapping Bessel orders, as the azimuth is changed, the amplitude on a layer-line at a particular radius varies substantially and its phase does not alter linearly. Consequently, a three-dimensional reconstruction cannot be produced from a single view. We have therefore used tilt series of three individual filaments to decompose the data on layer-lines 0 to 6 into terms of Bessel orders up to +/- 9 using a least-squares procedure. These data had a least-squares residual of 0.32 and enabled a three dimensional reconstruction to be obtained at a nominal resolution of 6 nm. This showed, at a radius of about 10 nm, three strands of projecting morphological units with three units spaced along each strand every 42.9 nm axially. We have identified these units with pairs of myosin heads. Successive units along a strand are perturbed axially, azimuthally and radially from the positions expected if the structure was perfectly helical. This may simply be a consequence of steric restrictions in packing the heads on the thick filament surface, but could also reflect an underlying non-helical arrangement of myosin tails, which would be consistent with the thick filament shaft being constructed from three subfilaments in which the tails were arranged regularly. There was also material at a radius of about 6 nm spaced 42.9 nm axially, which we tentatively identified with accessory proteins. The filament shaft had a pronounced pattern of axial staining. PMID- 3495668 TI - "TENS": a method of pain control for the subperiosteal implant. PMID- 3495666 TI - The toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-2 in rats following intravenous infusion. AB - Studies of recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) administered by continuous intravenous infusion revealed hepatocellular toxicity and redistribution of lymphoid cells. This finding was different from the normal findings seen in rats receiving comparable infusions of the vehicle. PMID- 3495669 TI - Characteristics of synaptic currents in frog muscle fibers of different types. AB - A study was made of synaptic currents in voltage-clamped muscle fibers of the frog. Fast, submaxillaris, and slow muscle fibers are innervated by nerve fibers of different conduction velocities. To avoid spatial complications, transmitter release by nerve impulses was restricted to the site of recording and reduced to single quanta (unitary endplate currents: uepc). Following nerve stimulation, the time course of transmitter release was longer and more variable in slow and submaxillaris muscle fibers than in the fast fibers. The time constant of decay of uepc in submaxillaris and slow fibers was, respectively, about 1.8 and 2.9 times slower than the decay of uepc in fast fibers. This is due mainly to differences in the lifetime of the channels opened by acetylcholine. The neuromuscular junctions in submaxillaris muscle fibers are bouton-like or longer branched contacts; and the unitary currents in the bouton junctions have a slower time course. It is concluded that the synaptic membrane in the different types of muscle fibers has synaptic acetylcholine-operated channels that have different kinetic properties, and that these properties are determined by the type of axon that innervates the muscle fiber. PMID- 3495667 TI - Structure-activity relationships of dietary indoles: a proposed mechanism of action as modifiers of xenobiotic metabolism. AB - In an effort to understand the mechanism by which dietary indoles inhibit chemically initiated tumorigenesis in experimental animals, we have investigated the potency of 3-substituted and 1,3-disubstituted indoles on the induction of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P-448-dependent monooxygenases in the rat. Oral intubation with indole-3-carbinol (13C), 1-methoxyindole-3-carbinol (N13C), 1 methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde (NCHO), and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (133') at 31 mumol/animal led to significant increases in hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity (EROD; 15, 7, 6, and 5-fold over control, respectively), while intubation with indole (IND), 3-methylindole (3MI), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (13CHO), and indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) did not increase this monooxygenase activity over control levels. For the eight indoles tested, there was a strong relationship between instability in acidic solution, as indicated by the generation of insoluble products, and capacity to induce hepatic EROD. Further experiments indicated that 13C did not induce hepatic EROD when dosed ip (thus bypassing the acidity of the stomach). Acid treatment of 13C generated a reaction mixture (RXM) that induced EROD after ip or po dosing. Chromatographic fractionation of the RXM indicated that there exist at least four different 13C acid-condensation products in the RXM with the ability to induce EROD. The results presented strongly support the hypothesis that dietary indoles influence the levels of monooxygenase activities via a series of acid-condensation products generated upon introduction of the indole into the acidic environment of the stomach. PMID- 3495670 TI - Immunological surveillance against DNA-virus-transformed cells: correlations between natural killer cell cytolytic competence and tumor susceptibility of athymic rodents. AB - Adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)-transformed hamster and rat cells are susceptible to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells from the host of origin and are nontumorigenic in immunocompetent hamsters and rats, respectively. These NK-cell-susceptible, virus-transformed cells are, however, highly tumorigenic in athymic (nude) mice- animals with intact NK-cell responses. In vitro lysis of these xenogeneic, Ad2 transformed cells by nude-mouse NK cells was found to be defective. In contrast, Ad2-transformed hamster and rat cells were highly susceptible to lysis by nude rat NK cells. Furthermore, xenogeneic, Ad2-transformed hamster cells were nontumorigenic in nude rats unless the NK-cell responses of the challenged animals were compromised. The results of the nude-rat studies show that thymus dependent, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated, host cellular immune responses are not essential for rejection of xenogeneic cells transformed by nononcogenic Ad2. The data suggest instead that immunologically nonspecific host cellular immune responses, such as those mediated by NK cells, are sufficient for rejection of Ad2-transformed cells. These results indicate that biologically important differences exist in the NK-cell-mediated defenses mounted by nude mice and nude rats against transformed cells that may account for the different patterns of tumor induction by various neoplastic cell types in these athymic animals. PMID- 3495671 TI - Reduction of bladder cancer growth in mice treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin and systemic interleukin 2. AB - The effect of systemic administration of Interleukin 2 (IL2) on intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy was studied in an established murine bladder tumor, MBT-2. BCG (100 micrograms.) was administered intravesically on days 7 and 14 after seeding bladders with MBT-2 cells. IL2 (5,000 U/injection) was given intraperitoneally every eight hours for 10 times (days seven through 10 and 14 through 17). BCG or IL2 therapy alone failed to reduce incidence of tumor implantation and tumor weight; whereas, combined treatment with BCG and IL2 reduced tumor weight significantly compared to saline or BCG treated mice. Cytotoxicity was assessed in a four-hour 75Semethionine-release assay. Augmentation of natural killer cell activity was only observed in mice treated with BCG plus IL2. MBT-2 target cells were not lysed by spleen cells from mice treated with BCG or saline. IL2 therapy produced lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, though combining BCG with IL2 suppressed this activity after each course of treatment. The results suggest that combined treatment with IL2 enhances the therapeutic effect of BCG therapy. However, this enhancement of antitumor activity is not clearly explained by augmentation of natural killer or in vivo-generated lymphokine-activated killer cells. PMID- 3495672 TI - Chronic vaginal candidiasis in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AB - Twenty-four percent (7/29) of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women seen at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 1983 and 1986 presented with a history of chronic refractory vaginal candidiasis. In addition to vaginal candidiasis, all patients were found to have oral thrush on physical examination, severe T-helper cell depletion (mean T-helper cell count of 90), and markedly decreased T4/T8 ratios (mean, 0.3); six of seven women were anergic by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. The conditions of six (86%) of these seven women have progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (WR6 classification). Chronic refractory vaginal candidiasis may be a presenting symptom of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Women with human immunodeficiency virus infection and unexplained oral and vaginal candidiasis are at high risk to develop other opportunistic infections. PMID- 3495673 TI - Expert panel convened by FDA recommends Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine should continue in use for children older than 2 years. PMID- 3495674 TI - Cholesterol reduction in coronary artery bypass patients. PMID- 3495675 TI - Relation of regional asynchrony to global left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with angina pectoris without previous myocardial infarction. AB - To assess left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function globally and regionally and to study the relationship between regional asynchrony and global LV function in patients with stable effort angina pectoris (AP) without previous myocardial infarction, we conducted a resting gated radionuclide ventriculographic study in 15 control subjects (N group) and 22 AP patients with isolated disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In nine of these 22 AP patients, LV systolic and diastolic function before surgical revascularization (Aorto-Coronary Bypass) were compared with those after surgical revascularization. A computer program subdivided the image of the LV into four regions (septal, basal, lateral and apical) by our previously reported method. The time-activity and first-derivative curves of the global LV and three regions (septal, lateral, apical; the basal region was not computed) LV were computed. In the global LV, the peak filling rate (PFR) normalized to LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and the ratio of increment of filling volume at 100 msec from global end systole (ES) to the EDV (%EFV), which was correlated with the time constant of LV pressure decay during isovolumic relaxation, decreased (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001, respectively) and time to PFR (time interval from global ES to PFR) was greater (p less than 0.001) in the AP group than that in the N group. However, in the AP group, the ejection fraction (EF), normalized peak ejection rate (PFR) and %1/3SV, which was defined as the percent stroke volume ejected during the first third of the global LV ejection phase, were not different from these in the N group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495677 TI - [Evaluation of anti-B cell monoclonal antibodies reacting with paraffin-embedded tissue sections]. PMID- 3495676 TI - [A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma manifesting an eyelid tumor as a major symptom]. AB - It is well known that a majority of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the head and neck region arises from the Waldeyer's ring and neck lymph nodes. This report covers a rare case of a 69 year-old male with a symptom like the Mikulicz syndrome, who was diagnosed as having the NHL of B-cell type. This patient has been in complete remission following local radiotherapy for the tumor of the eyelid. PMID- 3495678 TI - Monkey B-lymphotropic papovavirus genome: the entire DNA sequence and variable regions. AB - DNA from monkey B-lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) adapted to growth in human B lymphoblastoid cell line BJA-B consisted of three classes of molecules of 5.1, 5.0, and 4.9 kilobases (kb), and the entire DNA sequence of 5.1-kb molecule was determined. The three types of LPV DNA yielded infectious virus upon transfection to BJA-B cells. Comparison of the structures among these clones and clone K38 sequenced by Pawlita et al. (1985) suggests that the transcriptional control region, the small-T antigen gene, and the VP-1 gene are variable in the LPV genome, and that the 5.0-kb LPV resembles the parent virus, from which all the others had evolved by duplication and deletion during passages in BJA-B cells, probably for adaptation to better growth in human cells. PMID- 3495679 TI - [The effects of human recombinant interleukin 2 (hr IL-2) on the permeability of glomerular basement membrane in rats]. PMID- 3495680 TI - [Upper gastrointestinal disorders and endocrinological abnormalities in patients on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 3495681 TI - Oscillatory potentials and pattern electroretinogram: are they related? AB - The possible relationship between the pattern electroretinogram (ERG) and oscillatory potentials was investigated in two patients with night blindness. One patient had congenital stationary night blindness of Schubert-Bornschein type, and the other had Oguchi's disease. Both had normal visual acuity, normal mass photopic (cone) ERG and normal local macular ERG. In each patient, scotopic (rod) ERG after 20-minute dark adaptation was nonrecordable and the single bright flash ERG was of the negative type. The difference between the ERG pattern of the two patients was found in the oscillatory potentials. The patient with congenital stationary night blindness showed no oscillatory potentials, whereas the patient with Oguchi's disease had good oscillatory potentials. The pattern ERG in both patients was normal. Based on the data of these two patients, it was thought that the pattern ERG is not closely related to the oscillatory potentials and may have different mechanisms of generation. PMID- 3495682 TI - Behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone derivative. AB - Behavioral effects of zopiclone were investigated in mice and rats and compared with the data on diazepam, nitrazepam and flurazepam. The electroencephalographic effect of the drug was also examined in unanesthetized rabbits with chronic electrode implants and compared with that of diazepam. The present results indicate that zopiclone possesses pharmacological properties qualitatively similar to benzodiazepines, which are characterized by potent anticonflict and antiaggressive effects and much weaker anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, ataxiogenic, sedative and anesthesia potentiating effects; the properties of this drug were compared with those of diazepam, nitrazepam and flurazepam. Zopiclone suppressed the EEG arousal responses and inhibited afterdischarges induced by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus and amygdala. The effects of zopiclone on EEG and afterdischarges were approximately 1/10 those of diazepam. PMID- 3495683 TI - D-1 type of dopamine autoreceptors are not involved in the regulation of dopamine synthesis in the striatum. AB - To clarify if dopamine (DA) synthesis is regulated by D-1 DA receptors located on dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum, we investigated effects of D-1 DA receptor agonist and antagonist on striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) accumulation induced by gamma-butyrolactone in mice treated with an amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor. SKF 38393, a D-1 agonist, did not affect DOPA accumulation, whereas apomorphine that stimulates both D-1 and D-2 receptors inhibited the accumulation. SCH 23390, a D-1 antagonist, did not antagonize apomorphine-induced inhibition of DOPA accumulation, while YM-09151-2, a D-2 antagonist, reversed it. These results suggest that D-1 type of DA autoreceptors is not involved in the inhibition of in vivo DA synthesis. PMID- 3495684 TI - [A case of constrictive pericarditis developing soon after myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 3495685 TI - [Influence of dipyridamole on coronary bypass graft flow and the phasic flow wave]. PMID- 3495686 TI - [Two cases of coronary revascularization in patients maintained on CAPD]. PMID- 3495687 TI - In vitro and in vivo correlates of hybrid tumor resistance. AB - Tumorigenicity of 2 sublines, TU1 and TM5, of the C.B6-H-2dm4 (dm4) mouse tumor, TDM4, was tested in dm4 and F1 hybrid mice (from crosses of dm4 with a variety of other strains) to determine the genetics of hybrid resistance to these 2 tumor sublines. Resistance to TU1 was associated with at least 3 genes and required heterozygosity in the H-2D region, with secondary effects attributable to H-2K genes and non-H-2 genes. Resistance to TM5, however, did not require H-2D region heterozygosity, whereas H-2K and non-H-2 genes appeared to have significant effects. For evaluation of possible mechanisms for hybrid resistance, 4 assay systems were used. Comparison of natural killer cell activity in dm4 and various hybrid mice revealed no consistent activity against either TU1 or TM5. Little correlation was seen between resistance and generation of strong T-lymphocyte proliferative responses to the sublines. Likewise, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity, particularly against TU1, was not associated with increased resistance. In contrast, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was consistently greater in hybrids with increased resistance to either subline. These results suggest a strong association between DTH responsiveness and hybrid resistance. Furthermore, the association, in some hybrids, of CTL activity with resistance to the TM5 subline, but not to TU1, may mean that different sublines of the same tumor can induce different sets of immune responses. PMID- 3495688 TI - [Prognostic value of cardiac function parameters after aortocoronary bypass]. AB - A method of quantitative assessment of the severity of patients' condition and the risk involved in aortocoronary shunting is proposed on the basis of mathematical treatment of noninvasive investigation data in 127 coronary patients. Six groups of patients with different degrees of surgical risk are identified. PMID- 3495689 TI - Leukocyte analysis using monoclonal antibodies in human glomerulonephritis. AB - The leukocyte subpopulations were analyzed within both the glomeruli and the interstitium in renal biopsies from 145 patients with various forms of glomerulonephritis. Cells were identified by monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte cell-surface antigens and immunoperoxidase labelling. Leukocytes, as defined by a monoclonal antibody to the leukocyte common antigen (PHM1), were present in normal, human renal tissue in both glomeruli (2.8 +/- 0.6 cells/glom. cross section) and interstitium (102 +/- 18 cells/mm2). Monocytes constituted the predominant infiltrating cell type in normal glomeruli (1.3 +/- 0.2) and T cells were rarely found (0.3: range 0 to 0.8), whereas both monocytes (34 +/- 10/mm2) and T lymphocytes (33 +/- 14/mm2) were found in the normal interstitium. In the non-proliferative forms of glomerulonephritis there was no significant increase in the number of glomerular inflammatory cells when compared with normal glomeruli. However, significantly increased numbers of T lymphocytes were seen in the interstitium of biopsies with minor non-specific changes (67 +/- 15/mm2), membranous nephropathy (134 +/- 30/mm2), focal glomerulosclerosis (207 +/- 53/mm2), and diabetic nephropathy (198 +/- 81/mm2). In the proliferative forms of glomerulonephritis only crescentic GN and post-infectious GN demonstrated significantly-increased glomerular monocytes and granulocytes. There was no significant increase in the number of glomerular T cells when compared with normal glomeruli. However, there was a significant increase in the number of interstitial T lymphocytes in all forms of proliferative glomerulonephritis when compared with the normal interstitial cell population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495690 TI - [Detection of congenital anomalies--problems and possibilities from the viewpoint of pediatric practice]. PMID- 3495691 TI - [Implanted electrodes in the prevention and treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus]. PMID- 3495692 TI - [Use of balloon catheters for the control of gastroduodenal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3495693 TI - [Tactics in complicated forms of Crohn disease]. PMID- 3495694 TI - Prevalence of HIV antibodies among prostitutes in Zurich, Switzerland. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to the human immune deficiency virus was determined in 123 prostitutes. Of 18 intravenous drug abusers 14 were anti-HIV positive, all others, with one exception, were seronegative. Neither race, nor number of clients, nor sexual practices correlated with seropositivity. PMID- 3495695 TI - Risk factors for HIV infection in German i.v. drug abusers. Clinical, serological and epidemiological features. AB - A series of 320 German i.v. drug abusers (32.2% female, 67.8% male) were tested in a cross-sectional study for antibodies against HIV. Seroprevalence increased from 0 in those who discontinued i.v. drug abuse before 1982 to 37.2% in those who stopped injecting drugs in 1985/1986 or who were still addicted. Antibodies to HIV were significantly associated with lymphadenopathy and clinical symptoms (fever, weight loss, diarrhea, fatigue, night sweat, dermal lesions) and with markers of hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infection. Participants of the study admitted in 92.5% of cases to "needle sharing" and in 83.1% of cases to sexual contacts among drug abusers. Prostitution and drug abuse in prison were significantly correlated with seropositivity. No antibodies to HIV infection were detected in 131 subjects of a control group of household contacts. PMID- 3495696 TI - Intralymphatic interleukin-2 treatment of a hemophiliac AIDS patient with defective interleukin-2 production. AB - To improve immune functions in an interleukin-2 (IL-2) deficient hemophiliac AIDS patient suffering from severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, treatment with IL-2 was started in addition to standard antimicrobial therapy. Highly purified IL-2 was administered subcutaneously and then repeatedly intralymphatically in a manner similar to pedal lymphography. No toxicity was observed. The patient temporarily improved clinically as well as with regard to immunological functions. Particularly the in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) could partly be restored, and skin tests revealed improved response to recall antigens. These findings indicate that IL-2 can be administered safely and effectively by the intralymphatic route and may--in addition to antibiotics--be of value in AIDS patients with severe opportunistic infections. PMID- 3495698 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the vestibular apparatus on static physical work capacity]. PMID- 3495697 TI - [Formation of images of spatial position during the development of illusions of vestibular origin]. AB - This paper discusses specific features of pilot's spatial orientation in response to spatial illusions of vestibular origin associated with their recognition and management. Analysis of data in the literature and observations by the present authors allow the conclusion that pilot's spatial orientation, once spatial illusions have emerged, makes him assess not only the instrumental information but also the pattern of his own controlling movements. As a consequence, it is suggested that in relation to the formation of a correct image of spatial position (particularly in the case of spatial illusions) pilot's controlling movements act as part of instrumental information concerning the spatial position of the flying vehicle. PMID- 3495699 TI - Specific binding and lysis of human melanoma by IL-2-activated cells coated with anti-T3 or anti-Fc receptor cross-linked to antimelanoma antibody: a possible approach to the immunotherapy of human tumors. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to human melanoma have demonstrated a limited ability to cause tumor regression in humans when used alone or when coupled to gamma-emitting radioisotopes. We have evaluated heteroaggregates containing antilymphocyte antibodies crosslinked to antimelanoma monoclonal antibodies recognizing p97, a transferrin-like molecule (MoAb 96.5). When coupled to antibodies recognizing T3 (CD3, part of the T-cell receptor complex for antigen) or to 3G8, an antibody recognizing the Fc receptor present on large granular lymphocytes and granulocytes (CD16), significant induction of effector target crosslinks and target cell lysis could be obtained. Effector cells incubated for 24 hr with recombinant IL-2 were coated with the crosslinked reagents and tested for conjugate formation and for cytotoxicity in a 4-hr assay with chromium labeled targets. Marked increases in conjugation to autologous tumor (47.0% compared to 11.8%) was demonstrated with E+ cells using the T3-coupled MoAb and with E- cells using the Fc receptor-coupled MoAb (22.6% compared to 11.2%). When tested in sequential cytotoxicity assays using unseparated effector cells incubated for 1, 2, and 3 days in IL-2, lytic activity was less than 2, less than 2, and 3.3 LU/10(6) cells for cells incubated in monomeric 96.5; 2.6, 5.3, and 50 LU/10(6) cells incubated in 96.5 crosslinked T3; and less than 2, 3.6, and 8.0 LU/10(6) cells for cells incubated with 96.5 crosslinked to 3G8. Similar findings were noted in two other experiments. Heteroaggregates such as these may be useful in conjunction with the transfer of IL-2-activated cells or with IL-2 alone in immunotherapy trials. PMID- 3495700 TI - Electrical pacing of the Roux limb resolves delayed gastric emptying. AB - This study compares antegrade gastric and Roux-limb electrical pacing in the evaluation and treatment of delayed gastric emptying following vagotomy, antrectomy and Roux-Y enterostomy. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) underwent midline laparotomy, truncal vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-Y jejunostomy. Pacemaker leads were implanted 1 cm apart in both the gastric fundus and proximal Roux limb. Pacing was accomplished using a 0.5 mA, 50 msec, 0.33 Hz signal and monitored by an oscilloscope. Animals were fasted for 2 hr and then gavaged with 1.0 cc of 99mTc-labeled egg white. At 1 hr rats were anesthetized. The stomach, Roux limb, small intestine, and colon were doubly ligated and excised without disturbing their contents. The total number of counts per minute per rat was determined in a gamma radiation counter, and percentage gastric emptying (GE) was evaluated. Group I controls (n = 8) retained 76 +/- 15.8% for a GE of 24%. Group II gastric paced rats (n = 8) retained 64.5 +/- 19.2% (GE 35.5%) and Group III Roux-limb paced rats (n = 8) retained 46.8% +/- 13.2 (GE 53.2%) (P less than 0.005 III vs I, P less than 0.05 III vs II). The amount of radioactive meal distal to the Roux limb was also evaluated. Group I had 15.7 +/- 16.1%, Group II (gastric paced) 20.5 +/- 19.0%, and Group III (Roux-limb paced) 37.2 +/- 11.9% (P less than 0.005 III vs I, P less than 0.05 III vs II). These data imply that Roux-en-Y limb dysmotility may contribute to delayed gastric emptying following vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-Y enterostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495702 TI - Androgen receptor predominance in human ovarian carcinoma. AB - Cytosols of 94 untreated common epithelial ovarian cancer tissues were analysed for the presence of estrogen-, progesterone- and androgen receptors. Androgen receptors clearly predominated (90%) over and above estrogen- (55%) and progesterone receptors (52%). Further characterisation particularly of the androgen receptor revealed steroid-receptor complex with the sedimentation coefficient similar to ovalbumin (3,6 S). Only androgens, natural and synthetic, were able to alter the sedimentation profile. Estrogen appeared to slightly lower the peak, while progesterone and cortisol did not alter the profile at all. No difference in receptor concentrations between tumor tissues from pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women was found. The serum hormone levels (estradiol-17 beta, testosterone, FSH, LH) measured preoperatively in 20 postmenopausal patients did not correlate with the receptor status. Majority of the ovarian carcinomas studied contained androgen receptors. We therefore suggest consideration of the addition of anti-androgens to the therapeutic strategies applicable to ovarian cancer. PMID- 3495701 TI - Steroid 21-hydroxylation by human preovulatory follicles from stimulated cycles: a mass spectrometrical study of deoxycorticosterone, 21-hydroxypregnenolone and 11-deoxycortisol in follicular fluid. AB - A highly specific technique based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution was applied to the analysis of follicular fluid aspirated from preovulatory follicles of women under ovarian stimulation prior to in vitro fertilization. Deoxycorticosterone, 21-hydroxypregnenolone and 11-deoxycortisol have been identified and quantified in the nanomolar concentration range. Significant positive correlations were found between these 21-hydroxy-steroids and their immediate precursors, thus indicating a probable common cellular origin. Corticosterone was tentatively identified and cortisol was evidenced at concentrations lower than peripheral plasma levels. The occurrence in human follicular fluid of cortisol, together with different high concentration intermediates, constitutes evidence for ovarian intra-follicular 21 hydroxylase activity, and probably also for 11 beta-hydroxylation enzyme activity. PMID- 3495703 TI - A system for the partial purification of the human androgen receptor following reversible denaturation. AB - Androgen receptors from normal human foreskins were partially purified by sequential phosphocellulose chromatography and affinity chromatography resulting in a 28,000-fold purification and an 81% recovery. SDS-electrophoresis of the partially purified receptor preparation demonstrated that binding activity could be recovered and showed two peaks of specific binding mol. wt 35,000-55,000 and 85,000-105,000). This method demonstrates that androgen receptors can withstand harsh denaturation conditions and should prove to be a valuable tool for purifying the human androgen receptor. PMID- 3495704 TI - A method for evaluating regional effects of cytotoxic drugs on proliferating cells in lymph nodes. AB - Tin powder, injected into both hindfeet of rats, caused intense proliferation of the plasma cell series in the draining lymph nodes. The hyperplasia was evaluated by weight and by histology of the nodes. This simple, rapidly executed model was used to evaluate the delivery of locally injected cytotoxic drugs to regional lymph nodes. Inhibition of hyperplasia was compared to both internal controls (contralateral node) and external controls. Mitoxantrone and methotrexate, injected locally according to certain doses and schedules, were effective in reducing the lymph node hyperplasia with little or no systemic effects. This model should assist in the evaluation of drugs, schedules, and adjuvants that might be used in the regional treatment of lymph node hyperplasia or metastic neoplasia. PMID- 3495705 TI - The effect of in vivo hyperthermia on selected lymphokines in man. AB - We have previously demonstrated that artificially induced hyperthermia in man enhances the subsequent production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in isolated leukocyte cultures. The mechanism(s) responsible for this response may involve changes in the circulating lymphocyte populations and may also reflect activation processes occurring in vivo due to hormonal influences. In order to determine whether hyperthermia was associated with other immunostimulatory effects, we measured lymphocyte activation, natural killer cell activity, interleukin-2 (IL 2) production and endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity in blood samples obtained from normothermic (37 degrees C) and hyperthermic (39 degrees C) individuals. Lymphocyte transformation was significantly depressed in post hyperthermic cultures compared to pre-hyperthermic control cultures. Pre hyperthermic autologous human plasma was less effective than fetal calf serum in promoting DNA synthesis, while post-hyperthermic plasma suppressed mitogen induced activation. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was increased by the elevation of core body temperature. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures was also elevated when cells were isolated from hyperthermic individuals relative to a paired normothermic control sample. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis in monocyte cultures was unchanged by elevation of the core body temperature. This study indicates that in vivo hyperthermia can produce an immunostimulatory effect, an immunosuppressive effect, or no effect on different parameters of the immune system. PMID- 3495706 TI - Human alpha lymphotoxin (LT): studies examining the mechanism(s) of LT-induced inflammation and tumor destruction in vivo. AB - Recent information from our laboratories indicates that human alpha lymphotoxin (LT) is a powerful mediator of tumor necrosis, and inflammation. Our studies indicate that LT induced effects in vivo are complex and involve multiple mechanisms(s). The data presented here suggests that LT induced tissue destructive and inflammatory reactions mediated by cytolytic and antigen reactive lymphocytes may have a role in a much broader variety of inflammatory processes than had been appreciated. PMID- 3495707 TI - Plasma interleukin-1 activity in humans undergoing hemodialysis with regenerated cellulosic membranes. AB - Because of the similarity between the acute phase response and the post hemodialysis syndrome, it has been proposed that human blood monocytes adhering to the hemodialysis membrane are exposed to several inducers of interleukin-1 (IL 1). These include endotoxin from the dialysate fluid and C5a activated on the surface of regenerated cellulosic hemodialysis membranes. In order to test this hypothesis, we measured IL-1 plasma activity by employing gel filtration to remove IL-1 inhibitors and subsequent augmentation of lectin-induced murine thymocyte proliferation in each fraction. To evaluate the acute response of end stage renal disease patients during a single hemodialysis with a regenerated cellulosic membrane, plasmas were tested before and after hemodialysis. Control plasmas were obtained from healthy individuals. Plasma IL-1 activity eluted at a molecular weight of predominantly 15 kD. This material was neutralized by anti human-IL-1 which does not recognize IL-2. IL-1 activity was detected in the pre dialysis plasma of 6 out of 7 patients and rose in 6 patients following a 5 hour hemodialysis. This increase was associated with a significant rise in body temperature. This study supports the hypothesis that hemodialysis with regenerated cellulose might augment IL-1 production in endstage renal disease patients maintained on longterm hemodialysis. It demonstrates for the first time that dialysis patients have detectable plasma levels of IL-1 compared to normal individuals. PMID- 3495708 TI - The same cloned murine B lymphoma cell lines can be selectively induced to release either interleukin-1- or interleukin-2-like factor activity. AB - A series of cloned murine B lymphoma cell lines including WEHI-5, WEHI-231, 2PK-3 and L10A/2J have been studied previously for their ability to present soluble protein antigen in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted fashion. These B cell lines have been shown to be effective accessory cells in the in vitro stimulation of antigen-specific, MHC-restricted, continuous T cell lines; and in the in vitro stimulation of antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T-T hybridoma cell lines. Using 2PK-3 and L10A/2J as examples of this group of B cell lymphomas we demonstrate in this study that these tumor cell lines constitutively release an interleukin-1 (IL-1) like factor activity as determined by the ability of the conditioned medium from these cultures to support the synergistic stimulation of thymocyte proliferation in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A). Conversely, these same constitutive supernatants will not stimulate the proliferation of IL-2 dependent cell lines such as CTLL-2 or HT-2. Stimulation of 2PK-3 and L10A/2J by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in the release of increased levels of the IL-1 like factor activity. By contrast, stimulation of the same cloned 2PK-3 and L10A/2J cell lines with the polyclonal activator Staph. aureus results in the release of a soluble factor activity which functionally acts like IL-2 since conditioned medium from S. aureus stimulated 2PK-3 and L10A/2J cultures will support a CTLL proliferation response as well as stimulate thymocyte proliferation. Thus, the same cloned B cell lines can be differentially stimulated to release lymphokine activity with either IL-1 or IL-2 like functional properties. PMID- 3495709 TI - B-cell line-derived interleukin 1 is cytotoxic for melanoma cells and promotes the proliferation of an astrocytoma cell line. AB - We have previously described a unique molecular species of Interleukin 1 spontaneously produced by a human EBV-transformed B-cell line. This IL 1 shares a number of biological activities with monocytic IL 1 although its NH2-terminal amino-acid sequence is different from both IL 1 alpha and beta. In the present study we have investigated the activity of this B-cell IL 1 in two recently reported new assays for interleukin 1. We found that this B-cell IL 1 is able to promote the proliferation of the human astrocytoma cell line U373 in a dose dependent manner. We also describe that B-cell IL 1 is directly cytotoxic for a melanoma cell line, A375, but not for the tumor necrosis factor target cell, the murine transformed fibroblast line L929. These studies should prove useful in analysing structure-function relationships of the various IL 1 species, when the primary sequence of B-cell IL 1 becomes available. PMID- 3495710 TI - Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin is a less potent inducer of serum amyloid A synthesis than interleukin 1. AB - Serum amyloid A (SAA) gene expression is known to be induced by interleukin (IL 1). The time course of in vivo induction of SAA synthesis by IL-1 was found to vary according to dose, in that SAA concentration was maximal at 6 hours following lower doses of IL-1, but greater at 20 hours when higher (greater than 500 ng) doses were administered. Because of recent reports that recombinant human tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF) is a pyrogen similar to IL-1, its efficacy as an inducer of SAA synthesis was analyzed. TNF was found to be at least 100 fold less potent that IL-1 on a weight basis in both C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6 mice. However, C3H/HeJ mice were found to be more sensitive than C57BL/6 mice to both IL-1 and TNF stimulated SAA production. The magnitude of the acute phase SAA response was therefore found to be a function of the type of inflammatory mediator and genetic factors in the host. PMID- 3495711 TI - Marfan syndrome diagnosed in patients 32 years of age or older. AB - The Marfan syndrome, a generalized inherited disorder, is usually diagnosed in young patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. With use of our diagnostic-retrieval system, we identified 28 patients with the Marfan syndrome who were 32 years of age or older at the time of diagnosis. These patients had at least two of four major diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome--a confirmed family history, a long-limbed habitus, dislocated lenses, and disease of the aortic root. In these relatively older patients, some clinical findings (the ocular disorder and the family history) corresponded to the expected findings in younger patients with the Marfan syndrome; however, the proportion of those with cardiovascular disease was greater. Echocardiography has improved the potential for detection of the cardiac lesions, the most frequent cause of death in these patients. Early diagnosis of the Marfan syndrome is important so that complications of the cardiac lesions can be prevented or delayed and so that genetic counseling can be done at an appropriate time. PMID- 3495712 TI - [Intracavitary cardiac electric fulguration in the treatment of ventricular tachycardias]. PMID- 3495714 TI - [Possibilities and limits of endoscopic therapy in hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Most of the hemostatic modalities currently used for endoscopic therapy of gastrointestinal bleeding are based on the principle of thermic coagulation of protein. Injection of vasoactive and sclerosing agents is also widely used, while the application of various other methods is rather limited. There are specific benefits and drawbacks inherent with each of the treatment modalities. The efficacy of laser photocoagulation in stopping upper gastrointestinal bleeding has been demonstrated in several controlled trials; however, effects on survival are controversial. None of the other methods used has been evaluated sufficiently by controlled clinical trials up to date. Depending on the availability at a local institution, each of the various methods may be used for an attempt of endoscopic hemostasis when Forrest type I and II (visible vessel) lesions are detected at emergency endoscopy. However, patients suffering from lesions, which are notable for their high risk of recurrent bleeding like ulcers with a spurting artery, with a visible vessel and lesions at the posterior wall of the duodenum, should be transferred to the surgeon for operative treatment in the absence of active bleeding immediately after successful endoscopic treatment. In the future, patients requiring surgery despite effective endoscopic hemostasis might be identified with high accuracy by checking the coagulated or injected ulcer base with an endoscopic Doppler device. PMID- 3495713 TI - [The "window-fistula symptom" in lesions of the round and oval window]. AB - 22 tympanoscopies in suspected perilymph fistulas with clinical symptoms such as sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, fluctuating hearing etc., histories and intraoperative findings were registered. In some cases a remarkable interval between the implicated event and the clinical manifestation of the symptoms was noticed. Besides on case history and audiometric data the diagnosis was based on vestibular investigations. In 14 of 22 cases the window-fistula-symptom was positive. The window-fistula-symptom is defined as a provocation nystagmus with maximal intensity in the lateral head position lying on the affected ear and in the head hanging position with the head rotated to the affected side. After abandoning these positions the nystagmus is decreased. Mostly the nystagmus is directed to the healthy side. With regard to the preoperative and postoperative findings a generous indication for tympanoscopy in suspected fistulas of the round and oval window membrane is recommended. PMID- 3495715 TI - [Electrochemical polarization and corrosion of the electrodes of a self-contained electric gastrointestinal stimulator made from 12X 18H9 steel]. AB - The research of a stationary and anode corrosion and of the anode/cathode polarization of electrodes, made from 12X 18H9 steel, of an autonomous electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), demonstrated a practical possibility of using this steel to make electrodes for studies involving operations with the GIT aggressive medium. PMID- 3495716 TI - Fluorometric and flow cytometric analysis of the cyclosporine-calmodulin interaction in T lymphocytes. PMID- 3495717 TI - Association of HLA DR1 with high D-penicillamine binding to monocytes in females. AB - Binding of D-Penicillamine (D-Pen) to human monocytes was examined by flow cytometry with fluorescent D-Pen conjugate. Cells from HLA DR1-positive healthy females bound significantly more D-Pen than cells from DR1-negative healthy females (P = 0.015), and DR1 was associated with the highest binding among HLA DR antigens. In contrast, DR4 was associated with the lowest binding in healthy females. A difference in D-Pen binding between healthy females who were DR1 positive, DR4-negative and those who were DR1-negative, DR4-positive was statistically significant (P = 0.026). Neither healthy females nor healthy males showed significant associations of D-Pen binding with HLA A, B, or C antigens, nor did healthy males show an association between strength of D-Pen binding and any DR antigens. PMID- 3495718 TI - Swelling reaction of the pancreas in guinea pigs caused by aluminum-adsorbed diphtheria-purified pertussis-tetanus combined vaccine. PMID- 3495720 TI - Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 3495719 TI - Smoking, alpha 1-antitrypsin and decreased fertility in women. AB - There is epidemiologic evidence that smoking by women is associated with decreased fertility. Little is known about the biological mechanism(s) that might underlie a direct association. The effect of smoking on genital secretions, including levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AlAT), has not been studied. Low midcycle levels of AlAT appear to favour fertility by facilitating sperm migration and/or penetration. Smoking increases serum levels of functional AlAT. Since AlAT is produced only in the liver, levels in other tissues may reflect serum levels. It is postulated that smoking-induced increases in serum AlAT result in higher levels of AlAT in genital secretions, including those at midcycle, thereby impeding fertility. Support of an effect of serum AlAT levels on fertility is provided by studies of AlAT deficient persons, in whom fertility seems to be enhanced. An adverse effect of smoking on fertility through an increase in genital tract AlAT levels would be reversible. PMID- 3495722 TI - [A population-based cancer register. Status and perspectives in West Germany]. PMID- 3495721 TI - Malignant histiocytosis in infants: surface marker analysis of malignant cells in two cases. AB - Two infants with malignant histiocytosis, as diagnosed by morphological and cytochemical examinations of malignant cells infiltrating pleural effusion, skin, and bone marrow, are described. Surface marker analysis of the malignant cells with monoclonal antibodies showed these cells to express markers of T-lymphocytes and HLA-DR antigen, but not those of B-lymphocytes, granulocytes, or monocytes. These immunological findings demonstrated that the neoplastic cells in malignant histiocytosis of infancy may be of T-cell origin, rather than histiocytic or monocytic origin. PMID- 3495723 TI - [A new method of vascular anastomosis by CO2 laser: experimental and clinical study]. AB - It is difficult to maintain the long-term patency after conventional anastomosis especially for the small caliber vessels. Since 15 years we have performed aortocoronary bypass with suture materials for the patients with ischemic heart disease. There are some problems in maintaining the long-term patency of the bypass grafts. Low energy CO2 laser was utilized to make vascular anastomosis with a few stay sutures. Vascular anastomoses (side-to-side, end-to-end, end-to side) were carefully made by CO2 laser in the regions of the femoral arteries and veins, the carotid arteries and jugular veins in dog. A-C bypass was also successfully carried out between the internal mammary artery and the left anterior descending artery under the beating heart in experiment. Outputs of 20 40 mW and irradiation times of 6-12 sec/mm were optimal conditions for anastomosis of the small caliber vessels. There were no problems in the intensity and the healing of the anastomotic sites in comparison with the conventional suture method. On the basis of these excellent experimental results a low energy CO2 laser was employed clinically for vascular anastomosis of the peripheral vessels in 28 patients with angina pectoris or chronic renal failure and cardiac failure. There were no complications such as bleeding and suture line aneurysm after surgery. In conclusion, vascular anastomosis by laser might be recommended in performing with safety and rapidity for small caliber vessels. PMID- 3495724 TI - Diabetes mellitus: recent developments in treatment. PMID- 3495725 TI - Current status of insulin pumps. PMID- 3495726 TI - Compliance, education, and diabetes control. PMID- 3495727 TI - Natural course and management of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 3495728 TI - Evaluation and treatment of diabetic foot problems. PMID- 3495729 TI - Management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. PMID- 3495730 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25-1987. A seven-year-old Japanese-American boy with persistent right-ear drainage despite antibiotic therapy. PMID- 3495731 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type B cellulitis in an adult. PMID- 3495733 TI - Endoscopic coagulation for gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3495734 TI - Failure of vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. PMID- 3495732 TI - Successful intermittent chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. AB - We conducted a prospective, randomized clinical trial over a two-year period in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia to assess the effectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given on three consecutive days each week as compared with daily in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. P. carinii pneumonitis did not develop in any of 92 patients receiving the drug daily (30,602 patient-days) or in any of 74 who received it three consecutive days a week (27,329 patient-days), whereas the incidence of the infection expected without prophylaxis is 21 percent. One patient, excluded from both groups because of an adverse reaction to sulfonamides in the past, acquired P. carinii pneumonitis. Especially noteworthy was a difference in the occurrence of systemic mycoses, with 10 cases in the daily-treatment group and only 1 case in the three-days-a-week group (P = 0.024). No differences were observed in the rates of other infections or adverse effects associated with the drug. We conclude that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is as effective given three days a week as it is given daily in the prevention of P. carinii pneumonitis and that the intermittent schedule has the advantages of less frequent fungal infections and lower cost. Intermittent chemoprophylaxis may be especially beneficial to certain patients who are unable to tolerate the daily doses. PMID- 3495735 TI - The solution structure of human epidermal growth factor. AB - The epidermal growth factors (EGFs) are powerful mitogens for a wide variety of cells in culture; human EGF (hEGF), known as urogastrone, also inhibits gastric acid secretion in vivo. The transforming growth factors (TGF-alpha) are related to the EGF family both in sequence and activity and EGF-like sequences are often observed in a wide range of functionally unrelated proteins. Attempts to examine the structure of EGF by diffraction methods have not yet succeeded because of difficulties with crystallization. We report here a three-dimensional structure of a biologically active derivative (residues 1-48) of the 53-residue human EGF. An analysis of high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra was used together with a combination of distance geometry, restrained energy minimization and restrained molecular dynamics methods. The three-dimensional structure provides a basis for understanding the properties of EGFs and for predicting the structures of homologous sequences in other proteins. PMID- 3495736 TI - Vascular physiology: the end of the quest? PMID- 3495737 TI - Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. AB - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a labile humoral agent which mediates the action of some vasodilators. Nitrovasodilators, which may act by releasing nitric oxide (NO), mimic the effect of EDRF and it has recently been suggested by Furchgott that EDRF may be NO. We have examined this suggestion by studying the release of EDRF and NO from endothelial cells in culture. No was determined as the chemiluminescent product of its reaction with ozone. The biological activity of EDRF and of NO was measured by bioassay. The relaxation of the bioassay tissues induced by EDRF was indistinguishable from that induced by NO. Both substances were equally unstable. Bradykinin caused concentration dependent release of NO from the cells in amounts sufficient to account for the biological activity of EDRF. The relaxations induced by EDRF and NO were inhibited by haemoglobin and enhanced by superoxide dismutase to a similar degree. Thus NO released from endothelial cells is indistinguishable from EDRF in terms of biological activity, stability, and susceptibility to an inhibitor and to a potentiator. We suggest that EDRF and NO are identical. PMID- 3495738 TI - Dexamethasone pre-treatment is antipyretic toward polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 1/endogenous pyrogen. AB - The effect of intravenously injected dexamethasone on the febrile response of rabbits to Polyinosinic: Polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 1/endogenous pyrogen (IL1/E.P.) was studied. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) attenuated the febrile response to Poly I:C (5 micrograms/kg) but only if administered between 0.5 to 2 h before Poly I:C. If it was given after Poly I:C this resulted in a potentiation of the fever. Antagonism of the febrile response to Poly I:C by dexamethasone pre-treatment was dose-dependent and a maximal effect was observed with 3 mg/kg, a higher dose (6 mg/kg) resulted in a lesser effect on the Poly I:C fever. DEX injected alone (0.5-6 mg/kg) did not have any effect on body temperature. Fevers in response to LPS (50 ng/kg) and IL1/E.P. were also attenuated by dexamethasone. It is concluded that Poly I:C, LPS and IL1/E.P. induce fever by a common mechanism which is either directly or indirectly inhibited by dexamethasone. PMID- 3495739 TI - An unusual presentation of pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 3495740 TI - [Epidemiologic study of Wilson's disease in West Germany]. PMID- 3495741 TI - [Psychiatric diseases in foreigners--hospitalization and nationality specific incidence. An epidemiologic study in Lower Saxony]. PMID- 3495742 TI - [Development of antinuclear antibodies in an acute scleroderma crisis]. PMID- 3495743 TI - Changes in regional brain synaptosomal high affinity choline uptake during the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The high-affinity uptake of choline (HAChU) by freshly prepared crude synaptosomal fractions was employed as relative measure of regional brain cholinergic activity. The Vmax for uptake as determined by the accumulation of a tracer amount of 3H-choline in the presence of unlabeled choline (0.2-2 microM) varied 6 fold depending upon the region examined (stratum greater than hypothalamus greater than medulla-pons). HAChU was hemicholinium-3-sensitive and linear at 37 degrees C from 1 to 8 min in all brain regions. Respective brain synaptosomal fractions derived from adult (12 week old) spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WK) rats revealed no difference in the Vmax for HAChU from synaptosomes derived from the striatum of either strain. However, there was a significant increase in the Vmax for HAChU measured from the medulla-pons of SH rats compared with WK rats. In older (22 weeks) rats, the Vmax for HAChU was 78% greater than age-matched WK control rats. In addition, a highly significant correlation was found between resting systolic blood pressure and the Vmax for HAChU both in the medulla-pons (r = 0.76) and hypothalamus (r = 0.48). That the increase in HAChU in SH rats was not a consequence of elevated pressure, was indicated by the lack of effect of prolonged i.v. infusion of pressor agents in normotensive rats on HAChU. These findings are consistent with a role for brain cholinergic neurons in the maintenance of hypertension in SH rats. PMID- 3495744 TI - The effect of silyl substituted methotrexate in the treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats mediated by T-line cells. AB - The effect of methotrexate and of silyl-methotrexate were compared in the treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) mediated by T-line lymphocytes. It was demonstrated that, during the first three days after cell transfer, no difference between methotrexate and its silyl derivative could be seen. At a time when the cytotoxic lymphoblasts must have penetrated the blood brain barrier, only silyl methotrexate was able to prevent severe paralysis and death of the animals. It is suggested that the effect of N,N,O,O-Tetrakis (t butyldimethylsilyl)-methotrexate, (N-4-N-(2,3-bis-t-butyldimethylsilyl-amino-6 pteridinyl-methyl)- methylamino-benzoyl-glutamic acid-bis-(t-butyldimethylsilyl) ester), depends on the increased lipid solubility and permeability of the blood brain barrier of silylated drugs. PMID- 3495745 TI - Intraventricular tuberculoma. Report of four cases in children. AB - Four cases of intraventricular tuberculoma (IVT) in children are here reported. In none of the patients was there clinical evidence pointing to the intraventricular location. CT scan findings comprised three stages of development, namely: immature, mature and old. Ependymal attachment and asymmetric hydrocephalus were present in three cases, meningitis in two and ependymitis in one. Septum pellucidum traction was clearly observed in two patients, strongly supporting an adhesive process characteristic of intraventricular tuberculosis. Following specific treatment, the tuberculomas remitted partially or entirely. PMID- 3495746 TI - Computed tomographic findings in progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - CT findings of 6 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are described, with emphasis on their supratentorial changes in comparison with those of control subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). As estimated from CT films, the lateral ventricles, third ventricle and prepontine cistern were significantly enlarged in PSP patients compared with both controls and PD patients. It is suggested that the patients with PSP have not only infratentorial but also supratentorial lesions. PMID- 3495747 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome: activated complement components C3a and C5a in CSF. AB - Plasma and spinal fluid levels of complement activation products C3a and C5a were quantitated by radioimmunoassay in a group of 16 patients suffering from acute monophasic Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Median CSF levels of C3a (118 ng/ml) and of C5a (9.6 ng/ml) were significantly elevated when compared with samples from a control group of patients with noninflammatory neurologic diseases. Plasma concentrations of these anaphylotoxic peptides were not significantly different between the two populations. Our findings indicate that the complement system is activated in the CSF of patients with acute GBS. Complement activation products may contribute to the inflammatory changes observed in this disorder. PMID- 3495748 TI - Reductions in corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - Dementias occurring in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy are associated with dysfunction and death of neurons in a variety of cell populations, including cholinergic, monoaminergic, and peptidergic systems. In the present investigation of these three disorders, we demonstrated decreased levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the frontal, temporal, and occipital poles of the neocortex. Moreover, reductions in peptidergic immunoreactivity correlated with reductions in the activity of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine. The reduction in cortical CRF levels may be due to abnormalities of intrinsic cortical neurons or to dysfunction in neurons that contain CRF and innervate cortex. PMID- 3495749 TI - [Our experience in the diagnosis and therapy of upper digestive hemorrhage caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]. PMID- 3495750 TI - [Pirenzepine in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3495751 TI - [AIDS: epidemiology, physiopathology and clinical aspects]. AB - The epidemiology, physiopathology and clinical aspects of adult and paediatric AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) are discussed and recent bibliographical references are reported. PMID- 3495752 TI - [Intestinal angiodysplasias. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. AB - The cases are presented of 9 patients with intestinal angiodysplasia observed in 1979-85 in the surgery departments of San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan. Diagnostic problems are discussed with particular reference to angiographic and endoscopic methods. Surgical treatment gave good results. Recurrent bleeding may depend on the inadequate assessment of the extension of the lesion or on the existence of other unrecognised intestinal sites. PMID- 3495753 TI - [Use of miocamycin in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy. Case material contribution]. AB - 18 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis were treated with 900 mg myomycin a day. The clinical parameters examined were the quantity and organoleptic characteristics of the expectoration, coughing, and body temperature. These parameters were studied immediately before and 7.14 and 21 days after the start of treatment. Myomycin was found to be satisfactorily effective with minimal toxicity and well tolerated. PMID- 3495754 TI - Astrocytes convert the parkinsonism inducing neurotoxin, MPTP, to its active metabolite, MPP+. AB - The ability of astrocytes to convert 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) was directly tested. Cultured astrocytes rapidly converted MPTP (25 micrograms/ml) to MPP+; after 6 h MPP+ concentrations reached 1.5 micrograms/ml, within the toxic range for neurons. MPTP (above 10 micrograms/ml) reduced glial density after 5 days of exposure. This toxic effect was blocked by pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor; pargyline also reduced the conversion of MPTP to MPP+ by 85%. When neurons were added to astrocyte cultures, MPTP conversion to MPP+ was not enhanced. Astrocytes appear critical in converting MPTP to MPP+, and are damaged by chronic exposure to MPTP. PMID- 3495755 TI - Dynamics of the recovery of releasable dopamine following electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. AB - In vivo voltammetry was used to monitor dopamine released into the extracellular fluid of the rat striatum by 10-s periods of electrical stimulation of nigrostriatal axons. By varying the interval between stimulations the dynamics of the recovery of the stimulation response has been investigated. The recovery is shown to be differentially affected by dopamine synthesis inhibition at short and long stimulation intervals. The recovery at less than 2 min is independent of dopamine synthesis. Processes in addition to dopamine synthesis must contribute to the recovery of the stimulation response. PMID- 3495756 TI - Taste responses of Purkinje cells in the frog cerebellum. AB - Fifty-nine Purkinje cells that responded to electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve with complex and/or simple spikes were isolated in the frog cerebellum. For these 59 Purkinje cells, changes in the complex and simple spike activity during taste stimulation of the tongue (42 cells for NaCl and 17 for quinine) were investigated. Of 42 Purkinje cells, 23 (54.8%) showed excitatory changes in simple and/or complex spike discharge rate during NaCl stimulation, and the remaining 19 (45.2%) showed no response. On the contrary, only a few Purkinje cells (2 of 17 cells, 11.8%) showed an excitatory change in simple or complex spike discharge rate during quinine stimulation. These results demonstrate that gustatory information influences cerebellar Purkinje cell activity. PMID- 3495757 TI - Analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine as monoamine oxidase substrates: a second ring is not necessary. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is oxidised to a neurotoxic metabolite by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). Using two colorimetric assays, we have examined a range of its structural analogues as possible further substrates of this enzyme in order to identify the types of environmental or endogenous compounds that might also be neurotoxic. Compounds with fully saturated or unsaturated pyridine rings were not substrates; nor were a range of tetrahydro beta-carbolines or isoquinolines. Four substrates for MAO were found, 1-methyl-4 (2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-Me-MPTP), 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (PTP), 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (Cl-PTP) and ethyl-1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridine-carboxylate (ethyl-MTP carboxylate). Ethyl-MTP-carboxylate is of particular interest as it shows that a tetrahydropyridine without a phenyl ring can also be a substrate. Cl-PTP, PTP and ethyl-MTP-carboxylate appeared to be partially metabolised by MAO A. The inhibitor sensitivity of 2'-Me-MPTP oxidation was more complex. PMID- 3495758 TI - New prospects for preventing Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis through immunization. PMID- 3495759 TI - The use of sodium hyaluronate (Hyalcon) for the removal of severely subluxated lenses. AB - Sodium hyaluronate (Hyalcon) was used for the removal of severely subluxated lenses in six patients. Sodium hyaluronate injected into the vitreous beneath the lens caused the lens to elevate and stabilize within the pupil area, where it was protected by the viscous preparation from total luxation. The procedure greatly facilitates the removal of the lens by one of the commonly used methods. PMID- 3495760 TI - Successful treatment of Paecilomyces lilacinus endophthalmitis following cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. AB - We report a case of mycotic endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after cataract surgery. Treatment consisted of early vitrectomy, multiple intravitreal injections of amphotericin B and miconazole, intravenous miconazole and, later, oral ketoconazole. The intraocular lens, which initially appeared uninvolved, was removed six weeks after initiation of therapy and found to contain causative organisms. Final visual acuity was 20/20. We recommend aggressive therapy consisting of early vitrectomy, intravitreal injections repeated as necessary, removal of the intraocular lens, avoidance of intraocular steroid, and administration of systemic antifungal agents. PMID- 3495761 TI - The management of endophthalmitis: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines including the use of vitrectomy. AB - The use of vitrectomy in the management of endophthalmitis is controversial. All cases of suspected clinical endophthalmitis should have immediate anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration combined with an intravitreal antibiotic/steroid injection. Vigorous systemic, topical and periocular therapy should accompany frequent examinations of the patient. Vitrectomy is recommended in selected clinical situations. An intraocular lens usually can be left in place and should be removed only in certain rare instances. PMID- 3495762 TI - Superficial involvement in lattice corneal dystrophy. AB - Twenty-one corneas with lattice dystrophy were studied histologically to evaluate the magnitude of superficial lesions. The compromise included epithelium disarray and atrophy, degenerative pannus, disruption and absence of Bowman's layers, amyloid deposits, and elastotic deposits. These changes were progressive according to patients' age at time of keratoplasty. Oxytalan fibers, an elastic component, were found in affected corneas. The relation of these fibers to elastotic deposition and abnormal fibrillogenesis in lattice corneal dystrophy is discussed. PMID- 3495763 TI - Meesmann's epithelial dystrophy of the cornea. Biometrics and a hypothesis. AB - Corneal thickness in the affected members of 3 families with Meesmann's epithelial dystrophy was statistically significantly less than that of the nonaffected members and of their controls. From our data one could speculate that the stroma rather than the epithelium is the primary source of the dystrophy. The thinner the cornea, the more marked the expression of the epitheliopathy. The affected members of the 2 families that were large enough for a separate analysis showed a marked difference in expressivity of the epithelial disorder. In one family the epitheliopathy showed a stationary character, while in the other there was a progression in the density of the epithelial vesicles. PMID- 3495764 TI - Does enucleation in the presence of endophthalmitis increase the risk of postoperative meningitis? AB - The risk of meningitis after enucleation for endophthalmitis has been cited by several authors as a relative contraindication to this procedure. In order to test this theory, we have conducted a review of 165 enucleation and 54 evisceration specimens with a diagnosis of endophthalmitis received from January 1950 through December 1985. This study showed no cases of post-operative central nervous system (CNS) infection. Most patients for whom endophthalmitis was initially suspected received intensive antibiotic therapy. Although cases of post enucleation meningitis have been reported in the pre-antibiotic era, the authors conclude that the intensive chemotherapeutic treatment of endophthalmitis today has virtually eliminated the risk of post-enucleation CNS infection. PMID- 3495765 TI - Retinoblastoma. Immunohistochemistry and cell differentiation. AB - Tumor from eight enucleated eyes was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, using a panel of specific antibodies including interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), S-antigen (S-Ag), opsin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), laminin, and vimentin. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IRBP were performed. Immunohistochemical staining disclosed the most pronounced labeling of tumor cells with NSE and IRBP antibodies. A correlation was found between the degree of tumor differentiation and amount of IRBP, a protein specifically synthesized by photoreceptor cells. Moderate labeling of the better differentiated tumors was also observed with antibodies against S-Ag and focal labeling in a few tumors with opsin antibodies. Anti-GFAP labeling was limited to a smaller number of reactive glial cells and perivascular glial cells. These data indicate the essential neuronal nature of retinoblastoma tumor cells in situ as well as at least partial photoreceptor-like features, as shown by the presence of recognized photoreceptor cell markers (IRBP, S-Ag, opsin). Tissue culture studies using the human Y-79 retinoblastoma cell line also demonstrate that the tumor cells are primitive multipotential retinoblasts capable of at least partial differentiation along neuronal, glial, or pigment epithelial cell lines. PMID- 3495766 TI - Microbial endophthalmitis resulting from ocular trauma. AB - Twenty-seven cases of culture-positive endophthalmitis that developed after ocular trauma were reviewed. The intraocular culture specimens showed a virulent microbiologic spectrum with Bacillus sp as the most common isolate (8 eyes). The visual prognosis was poor, with only 22% of patients retaining 20/400 or better vision. This level of vision was achieved in 2 of 22 (9%) bacterial cases and in four of five (80%) fungal cases. Retinal detachment (5 cases) or retinal breaks (2 cases) at the time of the initial injury had a uniformly poor visual prognosis. Postoperative retinal detachment not associated with phthisis bulbi occurred in five eyes, three of which had successful retinal reattachment surgery. Delayed onset retinal detachment after successful initial management of traumatic endophthalmitis had a greater frequency of successful retinal reattachment surgery. PMID- 3495767 TI - Histiocytosis X. It's oral manifestations. PMID- 3495768 TI - A long-term prospective clinical study of oral complications during conventional chemotherapy for acute leukemia. AB - Oral complications were detected during 89% of hospital admissions for treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Changes that reflected the underlying myelosuppression and general immunosuppression predominated. Hemorrhagic phenomena (77%), neutropenic ulceration (49%), and herpes simplex virus infections (39%) were the most common. PMID- 3495769 TI - Effect of some endodontic sealers on cell migration in experimental granulomas. AB - CRCS or calciobiotic root canal sealer (a calcium hydroxide-based sealer), Proco sol and Tubliseal (both zinc oxide eugenol-based sealers), and Diaket-A (a polyvinyl-based sealer) were assessed for their relative cytotoxicities by their different cell migration effects by means of glass coverslip granulomas. Cytotoxicity was assessed by means of the influx of mononuclear cells or macrophages and their transformation into multinucleate giant cells. CRCS was shown to be the best sealer, followed by Proco-sol and Tubliseal. Diaket-A was the most cytotoxic of the sealers tested. PMID- 3495770 TI - The position and branching pattern of the facial nerve and their effect on transcutaneous electrical stimulation in the orofacial region. AB - A significant proportion (31%) of southern (Hong Kong) Chinese patients who received therapeutic transcutaneous electrical stimulation with the Myo-Monitor experienced uncomfortable twitching of the muscles of facial expression of the upper and middle portions of the face. This can be attributed, at least in part, to anatomic variation in the position and branching pattern of the upper (temporofacial) division of the facial nerve in the sample population. Our observations of living patients support the contention that muscular contraction resulting from Myo-Monitor stimulation is neurally mediated. PMID- 3495773 TI - Comparative study of electrophrenic nerve stimulation and mechanical ventilatory support in traumatic spinal cord injury. AB - Over the past two decades, the number of surviving apneic spinal cord injured patients has been increasing. Mechanical ventilation for home maintenance has been supplemented by electrophrenic respiration (EPR) since 1970. Nineteen patients who were totally mechanical ventilator dependent at discharge from rehabilitation in a spinal cord centre are compared with 18 patients discharged on EPR. There were more young males in the EPR group while the overall average ages were approximately the same. The mortality rates were approximately equal although the mechanical ventilator dependent patients expired earlier than the EPR group. Survivors on mechanical ventilation lived longer on an average and the vast majority of both groups were discharged to their home. There needs to be the establishment of a ventilatory dependent registry for spinal cord injury. PMID- 3495772 TI - Rectal probe electrostimulation in the treatment of anejaculatory spinal cord injured men. AB - This paper reviews our experience with rectal probe electroejaculation (RPE) which is part of a larger effort to determine the correlates of successful ejaculation and fertility in SCI men. RPE is performed in the outpatient clinic using specially designed rectal probes. Over the past 18 months, we have attempted RPE on 38 occasions in 12 subjects (eight paraplegics and four quadriplegics) with an age range of 23-38 years and 0.5-18 years since onset of injury. Anterograde ejaculation occurred in nine subjects with improvement in percent motility and total live sperm count on repeated stimulations in five subjects. Significant retrograde ejaculation occurred in one person and sperm acceptable for artificial insemination (AI) was obtained from four subjects. The major side effects were mild dysreflexia (three subjects) and disruption of a normal bowel program (one subject). We conclude that RPE is a safe, relatively brief outpatient procedure and, with repeated stimulations, has a good potential for producing sperm acceptable for AI in selected patients. PMID- 3495771 TI - [T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following Sweet's syndrome]. PMID- 3495774 TI - Acellular pertussis vaccines. PMID- 3495776 TI - Recurrent invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Alaskan Natives. AB - Alaskan Natives (Indians and Eskimos) have an extraordinary incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease (500 cases/100,000 children younger than 5 years of age) and also an increased incidence of recurrent disease. However, the incidence of primary Hib disease and recurrent disease are not excessive in non-Native children in Alaska (mainly Caucasian). Twelve recurrent cases in Alaskan Natives were studied, 10 of which were detected in surveillance activities between 1971 and 1984. These recurrent episodes occurred 23 to 197 days after the initial episodes (median, 51 days); the overall rate of recurrent disease was 3.5%. The ages of the patients with recurrent disease were significantly younger than single episode cases. To determine if disease recurrence was a manifestation of the high disease incidence and earlier age at onset of disease, we calculated an expected number of recurrent cases for our study population, based on the incidence observed in children with first episodes and the period of observed follow-up. The expected number of recurrent cases was only 1.9, significantly fewer than the 10 observed, indicating that age and the high incidence of disease alone were not the only factors contributing to the recurrent disease. No other significant clinical or epidemiologic risk factors could be identified. Patients who develop recurrent invasive Hib disease may represent a subset of this population with unusual disease susceptibility. PMID- 3495777 TI - Failure to detect chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae by routine susceptibility testing. PMID- 3495775 TI - Acellular pertussis vaccine: immunogenicity and safety of an acellular pertussis vs. a whole cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids as a booster in 18- to 24-month old children. AB - An acellular pertussis vaccine principally containing two purified pertussis antigens, filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting factor, combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids was compared to conventional diphtheria tetanus toxoids-whole cell pertussis for adverse effects and serologic responses in a group of 120 children who were from 18 to 24 months of age. Three vaccinations at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-whole cell pertussis had been administered previously. Adverse effects occurred more frequently with the diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-whole cell pertussis than with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine. Fever occurred significantly more often and to a higher degree in the whole cell pertussis vaccine recipients with a peak difference occurring 6 hours after immunization (P = 0.00008). Local swelling, redness, warmth and tenderness at the injection site also occurred significantly more frequently following whole cell pertussis vaccination. No major sequelae were noted in either group. The antibody responses to lymphocytosis-promoting factor were similar for the two vaccines. The diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine produced significantly lower pertussis agglutinin titers (P = 0.00001) but significantly higher antibody to filamentous hemagglutinin (P = 0.05) and to diphtheria (P = 0.03). The protective role of antibody to pertussis agglutinins vs. filamentous hemagglutinin and lymphocytosis-promoting factor continues as a central issue in the quest for a new pertussis vaccine. A clinical efficacy trial is needed. PMID- 3495778 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefradine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and their metabolites in a patient with peritonitis undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Cefradine and co-trimoxazole pharmacokinetics were studied in a patient with peritonitis that complicated continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Concentrations in the plasma reached after oral administration of 500 mg cefradine four times daily and 400/80 mg co-trimoxazole four times daily were for cefradine 100 micrograms/ml, for trimethoprim 15 micrograms/ml, and for sulfamethoxazole 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. In the dialysate concentrations were reached of 35-70 micrograms/ml cefradine, 2-5 micrograms/ml trimethoprim and 8-17 micrograms/ml sulfamethoxazole. The values for sulfamethoxazole are regarded too low to be clinically effective. Half-lives, protein binding values and CAPD clearances are presented. Low CAPD clearances were obtained during the night and high values during the day. The dosage yielded too high plasma trimethoprim concentrations, while sulfamethoxazole dialysate concentrations were too low. It seems questionable therefore whether co-trimoxazole can be used orally for the treatment of CAPD peritonitis. PMID- 3495779 TI - Deterioration of kidney function by high doses of co-trimoxazole in man. AB - High doses of co-trimoxazole in a patient with Pneumocystis carinii and impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance 10 ml/min) resulted in a declining renal clearance of the drug but did not affect the average creatinine clearance. The renal clearance of sulfamethoxazole and its metabolites 5-hydroxy-, N4-acetyl-, N4-acetyl-5-hydroxysulfamethoxazole decreased 80%, while the renal clearance of trimethoprim decreased 60%. The renal clearance of all compounds was evidently dependent on urine flow. The observed phenomena may be explained by the assumption that crystalluria occurred, obstructing kidney tubules. The crystalluria effect can be reversed by cessation of the drug or by lowering its dosage. PMID- 3495780 TI - Suppression of antipyretic response in rabbits by intraventricular protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin. AB - Fevers induced by intravenous injection of endogenous pyrogen (EP) and intraventricular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were significantly prolonged when protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin was administrated intraventricularly 30 min before or 1 hr after injection of EP or PGE2. The present results show that protein synthesis in the central nervous system is involved in the development of antipyresis. PMID- 3495781 TI - The intracellular sodium concentration and activity and the extracellular space in isolated frog sartorii. PMID- 3495782 TI - The value of revision surgery after initial amputation of an upper or lower limb. AB - The value of revision surgery when carried out more than six weeks after initial amputation of the upper or lower limb was assessed. When performed for stump and/or phantom limb pain alone, only 33/95 (35%) obtained satisfactory results after one revision; 25/95 (26%) of the patients required four or more surgical procedures without relief of pain. However, when carried out for local specific pathology, the results of surgical revision were 100% successful, even if the procedure had to be repeated once in 15% (28/189) of this group of patients. Transcutaneous nerve stimulation appeared to offer no long lasting relief of pain following amputation surgery. PMID- 3495783 TI - [Hodgkin's disease. Histology--immunohistology--immunology]. PMID- 3495784 TI - [Rearrangement of the receptor genes of T cells for an antigen]. AB - In this review, after a short description of the T-cell receptor alpha and beta gene organization, the results obtained by rearrangement analysis in human lymphoid proliferations are analysed. Southern analysis appear to be a useful tool for the study of clonality and at a less degree, of lineage involvement in such neoplasias. The significance of rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes in B lineage proliferations is also discussed. PMID- 3495785 TI - Isolation and characterization of the gene for the murine T cell differentiation antigen and immunoglobulin-related molecule, Lyt-2. AB - We present here the sequence of the 5310 base pair Hind III-cleaved genomic DNA segment that includes the gene for the Lyt-2, a murine differentiation antigen expressed on most immature T lymphocytes as well as the cytotoxic suppressor T cell subset. We also present the complete intron/exon structure of Lyt-2. There are five exons: a fused leader and immunoglobulin variable region like exon, a hinge region exon, a transmembrane exon and two alternatively spliced intracytoplasmic exons (alternative splicing of these exons yields the 38 kDa alpha and 34 kDa alpha' Lyt-2 polypeptides). The promotor region contains a "TATA" box and sequences homologous to the putative immunoglobulin transcriptional control elements cd/pd. S1 protection analysis reveals that thymocytes, T cells from lymph nodes, and a Lyt-2 transfectant obtained by introduction of total genomic DNA have the same initiation site. In the 3' region, there is a polyadenylation signal sequence after a 700 bp long 3' untranslated region. PMID- 3495786 TI - Improved radioimmunoscintigraphy of human mammary carcinoma xenografts after injection of an anti-antibody. AB - The low tumor-to-background ratio obtained after administration of radiolabeled whole monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is one of the major problems in immunoscintigraphy and -therapy. To reduce the blood pool label caused by the circulation of radiolabeled MAb we have investigated the advantage of injecting an anti-antibody after administration of a tumor-specific MAb in nude mice bearing human mammary carcinoma xenografts. The MAb MA 10-11 of rat origin, used in these studies, had shown a high affinity to human mammary carcinoma tissue on frozen sections and low cross-reactivity with various normal human tissues. 24 h after injection of 1.5 MBq 131I-labeled MAb containing 10 micrograms IgG2a one group of mice received an additional injection of 100 micrograms anti-rat antibody. Blood taken 2 min after the second antibody injection showed nearly the whole activity bound to antibody aggregates, that cleared very rapidly from the circulation and accumulated in liver and spleen. The transitory high liver activity decreased within several hours because of rapid deiodination of the antibody-complex in this organ. The release of radioactivity from the spleen, however, was found to be much slower. The rapid excretion of the radioactivity from the blood pool combined with a nearly constant tumor activity allowed early tumor detection with tumor-to-blood ratios of 250:1 at 48 h after anti-antibody injection compared to 1.1:1 obtained for the control animals. In addition the results may explain the reported reduction of imaging quality and high uptake of radioactivity in the spleen of patients having repeated injections of mouse MAbs due to complex formation after development of human anti-mouse antibodies. PMID- 3495787 TI - [Single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) using 123I-amphetamine in cerebral ischemic circulatory disorders]. AB - The uptake of 123I-amphetamine (IMP) in brain mainly corresponds to regional perfusion. Distribution of IMP can be visualized in tomographic slices by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). For better evaluation and comparison in follow-up studies, right/left ratios were computed and an asymmetry index calculated. The most sensitive asymmetry index was achieved by 120 average circumferential profiles. In 52 patients with stroke and 16 controls the respective sensitivities of IMP-SPECT, computed tomography (CT), static and dynamic brain scanning and angiography were evaluated. In patients with TIA and PRIND the IMP-SPECT had the highest sensitivity of all non-invasive methods. In patients with completed stroke, the sensitivity of IMP-SPECT was comparable with that of CT (90 vs. 93%). There was a significant correlation between the IMP asymmetry index and the clinical and social score (p less than 0.001). The IMP asymmetry index was significantly correlated to the size of the CT lesion (p less than 0.001). In most patients, the size of the IMP lesion was larger than that of CT. In a prospective study, 28 patients with completed stroke were examined. 14 patients underwent surgical treatment (6 endarterectomies, 5 EIA, 3 combined operations), 14 patients had medical treatment only. Both groups were reexamined after 10 and 6.5 months, respectively. In both groups, neither the IMP asymmetry index nor the size of the CT lesion were changed, but the clinical and social scores improved (p less than 0.01). The outcome in both groups was the same. A positive effect of surgery could not be demonstrated. PMID- 3495788 TI - [SPECT--physical and technical prerequisites]. PMID- 3495789 TI - [Severe forms of tuberculosis in hospitalized children 1983-1984]. PMID- 3495790 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA in ad lib fed and fasted CD2F1 mice. AB - The effect of EGF on the incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA (DNA synthesis) was determined in the esophagus, liver, pancreas, and kidney in mice standardized to 12 hours (hr) of light alternating with 12 hr of darkness. A question asked was whether intraperitoneally administered EGF could alter the circadian patterns of DNA synthesis in these organs. The most marked effects of EGF were: an increase in DNA synthesis but only after a specific duration of time after treatment, ranging from 8 to 23 hr, which differed for each tissue, a similarity in the response of the esophagus in both ad lib fed and fasted mice, but not in the response of the liver, where the stimulatory effect of EGF observed in fed mice was dramatically reduced in fasted ones, and an advance in the phasing of the circadian rhythm in DNA synthesis of the esophagus by about 12 hr. In addition, no sex differences in fasted animals were found under the conditions of this study. PMID- 3495791 TI - [Urogastrone in the treatment of peptic ulcer: yes or no?]. PMID- 3495792 TI - Evaluation of gait with multichannel electrical stimulation. AB - Short, intensive multichannel electrical stimulation therapy was evaluated in 14 hemiplegics after stroke or head injury. The stimulation of the peroneal nerve, soleus, quadriceps, hamstring, gluteus maximus, and triceps brachii muscles with individually preprogrammed sequences was applied by surface electrodes at the beginning of gait rehabilitation. The patients started walking with the support of a therapist, gradually increased the walking distance and all reached independent ambulation with a crutch after an average of 14 stimulation sessions. A portable microprocessor six-channel stimulator/stride analyzer enabled the collection of gait parameters and recording of statistical mean values of stride time, gait symmetry, right and left stance times, and their standard deviations. Without additional equipment, several hundred stimulated strides were measured during each stimulation session. PMID- 3495793 TI - Design and conduct of epidemiologic studies. AB - This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the experimental vis-a vis the nonexperimental (observational) epidemiologic approach in the assessment of causal relationships. Nonexperimental epidemiologic strategies, including the study of ecologic correlations, concurrent and nonconcurrent prospective designs, as well as case-control and cross-sectional designs, are briefly discussed. Among the case-control designs, reference is made to matched and to "nested" case control studies. These different design approaches are discussed in relation to issues of external validity, bias, confounding, interaction, and precision. PMID- 3495794 TI - Chlorpromazine, other amphiphilic cationic drugs and praziquantel: effects on carbohydrate metabolism of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The effects of the amphiphilic cationic drugs chlorpromazine, imipramine, amitriptyline, propranolol and fluoxetine and praziquantel were investigated on glucose uptake and lactate excretion of Schistosoma mansoni. While praziquantel enhances glucose uptake and lactate excretion at a concentration of 10(-7) M, all the other drugs exert the same effects at concentrations above 10(-5) M. Generally, a constant molar ratio of 1:2 is found between glucose uptake and lactate excretion. Above 10(-5) M, praziquantel inhibits glucose uptake and lactate excretion. Similar effects are caused by amphiphilic cationic drugs at 10(-3) M. Pre-incubation of S. mansoni with 10(-5) M praziquantel completely abolish the stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism by serotonin and by 5 X 10(-5) M chlorpromazine or fluoxetine. The action of praziquantel on S. mansoni resembles that of amphiphilic cationic drugs with respect to their influence on carbohydrate metabolism. This, together with data obtained from electrophysiological and electron microscopic studies, provides evidence for the hypothesis that praziquantel exerts its effect by interacting with membrane structures. PMID- 3495796 TI - Continuous SvO2 monitoring: clinical application in critical care nursing. PMID- 3495795 TI - Evaluation of spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to a T-cell mitogen during early infection with larval Taenia taeniaeformis. AB - The effect of taeniid infection on the in vitro cellular response of the host was investigated. Infections of Taenia taeniaeformis decreased the ability of spleen cells from susceptible C3H/He mice to respond to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) as early as 2 days postinfection (pi) reaching a suppression peak at day 12 pi. Similar experiments performed with spleen cells from infected BALB/c mice, resistant to the infection, revealed little or no suppression of Con A stimulation. The results suggested that susceptibility to the parasite may be due to its ability to induce a partial suppression of the host's immune system. The role of adherent splenocytes from infected C3H/He mice in the production of a deficient response to Con A during early infection was studied by coculturing experiments. These experiments demonstrated that adherent populations from infected mice did not play a direct role in the Con A-suppressor mechanisms. Concomitant with the suppressor activity an increased background proliferation was observed with nonstimulated splenocytes from C3H/He mice infected with T. taeniaeformis. Plasma from infected mice was able to suppress the response of normal spleen cells to Con A and to stimulate a proliferative response in cultured splenocytes from noninfected animals. The results suggest the presence of factors in the plasma of infected mice which may be modulating the immune response to the parasite. PMID- 3495797 TI - Induction of murine interleukin 1: stimuli and responsive primary cells. AB - An interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) cDNA probe and an IL-1 responsive T-cell clone (D10.G4; half-maximal stimulation, 0.1-1 pM) have been used to study the production of IL-1 by primary murine cell populations, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells. Spleen and peritoneal macrophages produced IL-1 mRNA and released biologically active IL-1 when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Induction of IL-1 was evident over a dose range of 0.01-10 micrograms of LPS per ml, and maximal mRNA levels were maintained from 4 to 20 hr. Several other stimuli did not induce IL-1 in cultured macrophages, including phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate, gamma-interferon, Con A, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-3, cachectin, and activated T cells. Activated T cells could markedly reduce the response of peritoneal macrophages to LPS. When other cell types were compared with macrophages, keratinocytes had high levels of IL-1 mRNA, apparently in response to endogenous LPS. However B and T lymphocytes did not yield detectable IL-1 during proliferative responses to LPS and Con A, respectively, while dendritic cells produced little or no IL-1 when challenged with a battery of stimuli. Therefore, IL-1 may not be required for the potent accessory function of dendritic cells in lymphocyte mitogenesis. The results indicate that macrophages and dendritic cells have different secretory capacities. The macrophage is the principal leukocyte that synthesizes IL-1, and select stimuli increase and decrease the levels of macrophage IL-1 mRNA. PMID- 3495798 TI - Isolation of a T-cell clone that reacts with both antigen and anti-idiotype: evidence for anti-idiotype as internal image for antigen at the T-cell level. AB - T-cell lines were derived from ferredoxin nonresponder B10.D2 mice that share an idiotype expressed by a monoclonal antibody (Fd-B2) with specificity for one of the two major antigenic determinants (the C determinant) of the antigen. The T cell line and T-cell clones derived from it release interleukin 2 not only in the presence of anti-Fd-B2 idiotype antibody but in the presence of ferredoxin. The line was shown to be major histocompatibility complex-restricted in that it would respond to the anti-idiotype and antigen only in the context of presentation by cells of the H-2d haplotype. This observation also establishes that the nonresponder status of H-2d animals cannot be attributed to a lesion at the level of antigen presentation. Analysis of the fine specificity of one idiotypic clone showed that it responded only to the anti-idiotype or products of the antigen containing the C determinant, since enzymatically degraded peptides devoid of this determinant did not stimulate these cells. Furthermore, it was found that presentation of both the antigen and the anti-idiotype to the specific clone could be blocked by the Fd-B2 monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3495799 TI - Interleukin 4 is a growth factor for activated thymocytes: possible role in T cell ontogeny. AB - We have shown that recombinant or natural interleukin 4 (IL-4) (formerly called B cell stimulatory factor 1) induces proliferation of activated adult or fetal thymocytes. In the case of adult thymocytes, IL-4 in combination with Con A or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated the proliferation of peanut agglutinin (PNA)-negative (-) thymocytes, while PNA-positive (+) thymocytes showed only marginal responses. Further investigation revealed that day 14-17 fetal thymocytes, purified L3T4- LyT2- double-negative adult thymocytes, and single positive L3T4+ LyT2- or L3T4- LyT2+ thymocytes failed to respond to IL-4 or PMA alone but proliferated strongly with both IL-4 and PMA. In contrast, purified double-positive L3T4+ LyT2+ adult thymocytes showed only a marginal proliferative response to these stimuli. Responsiveness of thymic subpopulations to PMA and IL-4 could be inhibited with anti-IL-4 but not with anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibodies, indicating that they were IL-2 independent. Finally, we have observed that supernatants from calcium ionophore and PMA-stimulated adult double-negative L3T4- LyT2- thymocytes induce proliferation of double-negative adult thymocytes. This latter response is inhibited by anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that under appropriate stimulation conditions, these immature thymocytes are able to produce IL-4. These observations suggest a role for IL-4 in T-cell ontogeny. PMID- 3495801 TI - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody mimics the CD4 receptor and binds human immunodeficiency virus. AB - A monoclonal anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody, HF1.7, was generated against anti Leu-3a, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the CD4 molecule on human helper/inducer T lymphocytes. The anti-Id nature of HF1.7 was demonstrated by the following properties. (i) It reacted in a solid-phase immunoassay with anti-Leu 3a and not with a panel of irrelevant mouse mAbs. (ii) It partially inhibited the binding of anti-Leu-3a to CD4+ T cells. (iii) It detected a common idiotype present on various anti-CD4 mAbs. Because the CD4 molecule represents the receptor site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic viral agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, we examined the ability of the anti-mAb HF1.7 to mimic CD4 and bind HIV. This anti-Id mAb reacted with HIV antigens in commercial HIV ELISAs and recognized HIV-infected human T cells but not uninfected cells when analyzed by flow cytofluorometry. Attesting further to the HIV specificity, the anti-Id mAb reacted with a recombinant gp160 peptide and a molecule of Mr 110,000-120,000 in immunoblot analysis of HIV-infected cell lysates. The anti-Id mAb also partially neutralized HIV infection of human T cells in vitro. These results strongly suggest that this anti-Id mAb mimics the CD4 antigenic determinants involved in binding to HIV. PMID- 3495800 TI - Synergistic myelopoietic actions in vivo after administration to mice of combinations of purified natural murine colony-stimulating factor 1, recombinant murine interleukin 3, and recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - Combinations of low dosages of purified murine hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)--L-cell CSF type 1 (CSF-1), recombinant interleukin 3 (IL-3), and recombinant granulocyte/macrophage CSF (GM-CSF)--were compared with single CSFs for their influence on the cycling rates and numbers of bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage, erythroid, and multipotential progenitor cells in vivo in mice pretreated with human lactoferrin. Lactoferrin was used to enhance detection of the stimulating effects of exogenously administered CSFs. Concentrations of CSFs that were not active in vivo when given alone were active when administered together with other types of CSF. The concentrations of CSF-1, IL-3, and GM-CSF needed to increase progenitor cell cycling rates were reduced by factors of 40 200, 10-50, and 40- greater than 400, respectively; the concentrations needed to increase progenitor cell numbers were reduced by factors of 40-500 (CSF-1), 20-80 (IL-3), and greater than 40- greater than 200 (GM-CSF) when these forms of CSFs were administered in combination with low dosages of one of the other forms of CSFs. The results demonstrate that different CSFs can synergize when administered in vivo to increase the cycling rates and numbers of marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. These findings may be of relevance physiologically to the regulation of myeloid blood cell production by CSFs. PMID- 3495802 TI - Hyperinducibility of Ia antigen on astrocytes correlates with strain-specific susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. AB - In search of a phenotypic marker determining genetically controlled susceptibility to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in the brain--in particular, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)--we have compared the gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) induction of Ia molecules on astrocytes and macrophages from rat and mouse strains that are susceptible or resistant to this disease. We focused on Ia expression because DTH reactions to self or foreign antigens are largely mediated by lymphocytes restricted by class II (Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Our data demonstrate that Lewis (fully susceptible) and Brown Norway (BN) (fully resistant) rats are very different in that Lewis astrocytes express much higher levels of Ia than BN astrocytes. Similar data were obtained from an analysis of EAE-susceptible and resistant mouse strains (SJL and BALB/c, respectively), which suggests that this phenomenon may be universal and not limited to only one mammalian species. At least one gene responsible for Ia hyperinduction is located outside the rat RT-1 or the mouse MHC locus. Animals congenic at the RT-1 or MHC locus of the resistant strain but with background genes of the susceptible strain exhibit intermediate levels of Ia compared to fully resistant and susceptible rodents, which fits well with the reduced EAE susceptibility of these congenic animals. Furthermore, hyperinduction of Ia is astrocyte specific, since peritoneal macrophages of susceptible and resistant strains exhibit identical profiles of Ia induction. Thus, astrocyte Ia hyperinducibility may be a major strain- and tissue specific factor that contributes to Ia-restricted DTH reactions in the brain. PMID- 3495803 TI - Interleukin 5, a T-cell-derived B-cell differentiation factor also induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - We describe an interleukin, termed interleukin 5, that is the recombinant product previously referred to as T-cell-replacing factor (TRF), B-cell growth factor II (BCGF II), or killer-helper factor (KHF). TRF has been defined as a T-cell derived lymphokine that acts on activated B cells as a B-cell differentiation factor. We have previously demonstrated that TRF is identical to BCGF II and induces expression of receptors for interleukin 2 (IL-2) on activated B cells. We also have reported that KHF can induce not only expression of IL-2 receptors on peanut agglutinin-binding (PNA+) thymocytes but also generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in PNA+ thymocytes in the presence of IL-2. We show here that culture supernatants of T-cell hybridomas that produce TRF as well as TRF purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-TRF) have KHF activity and generate CTL in PNA+ thymocytes in the presence of stimulator cells and IL-2. Moreover, translation products (recombinant TRF) of Xenopus oocytes injected with cDNA encoding for murine TRF (BCGF II) also exert KHF activity. A rat monoclonal anti-TRF antibody TB13 can block generation of CTL by HPLC-TRF or recombinant TRF. These results indicate that TRF acts not only on B cells as BCGF II but also on PNA+ thymocytes as KHF. In view of the diverse activities and targets of TRF, we propose that TRF refers to a different interleukin, interleukin 5. PMID- 3495804 TI - Inositol trisphosphate is generated by a rat natural killer cell tumor in response to target cells or to crosslinked monoclonal antibody OX-34: possible signaling role for the OX-34 determinant during activation by target cells. AB - RNK-16 cells, rat leukemia cells with features of natural killer (NK) cells, were adapted for growth in vitro and used to examine the mechanism of NK-cell activation. Contact of RNK-16 cells with tumor cells (YAC-1) that are lysed by NK cells, but not with resistant tumor cells (EL-4, K562), led to an increase in inositol trisphosphate (InsP3), a Ca2+-mobilizing messenger. A similar increase in InsP3 could be elicited in RNK-16 cells by monoclonal antibody OX-34, when the antibody was crosslinked by F(ab')2 fragments of goat antibodies to mouse immunoglobulin. This reaction was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic free calcium Ca2+, due primarily to the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. In contrast to the stimulatory effects of crosslinked OX 34, OX-34 alone did not affect the levels of either InsP3 or cytoplasmic free Ca2+. Moreover, OX-34 alone blocked the generation of InsP3 by RNK-16 cells in response to YAC-1 cells and prevented target-cell killing. These findings demonstrate that OX-34 identifies a structure on the surface of RNK-16 cells that can stimulate the generation of InsP3, and they suggest that this structure can regulate signal transduction during target-cell recognition by NK cells. PMID- 3495805 TI - Upstream DNA sequences required for tissue-specific expression of the HLA-DR alpha gene. AB - We have used in vitro deletion mutagenesis in combination with DNA transfection to search for cis-acting regulatory elements involved in the tissue-specific expression of a human class II major histocompatibility complex gene. A 140-base pair 5' flanking fragment that contains the class II box consensus sequences and an octamer sequence (ATTTGCAT) confers tissue specificity on the promoter of the HLA-DR alpha gene. Recombinant DNA plasmids containing this DR alpha gene segment fused to the coding sequence of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene are expressed at higher levels in human B-cell lines than in human T-cell lines. We have demonstrated that the most 5' of the class II boxes is essential for tissue-specific DR alpha promoter function. In addition, using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay to identify DNA binding proteins, we have detected binding of nuclear proteins to DNA probes containing the class II boxes and the octamer sequence. A protein that binds to the octamer is present at higher levels in nuclear extracts of B-cell lines than in other cell lines examined. This protein may be important for the tissue-specific expression of the HLA-DR alpha gene. PMID- 3495806 TI - A monoclonal antibody-Pseudomonas toxin conjugate that specifically kills multidrug-resistant cells. AB - One form of multidrug resistance is due to the expression of a 170-kDa energy dependent drug efflux pump called P-glycoprotein in the plasma membranes of human cancer cells. We have prepared conjugates of Pseudomonas toxin with the anti-P glycoprotein monoclonal antibody MRK-16. These anti-P-glycoprotein-toxin conjugates specifically kill multidrug-resistant human KB cells. Similar conjugates could be useful in cancer therapy to reduce or eliminate multidrug resistant tumor populations in tumors intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy or in populations that become resistant during combination chemotherapy. PMID- 3495807 TI - Corticosteroids and immune system in the lizard Chalcides ocellatus. PMID- 3495808 TI - Convergence of the maximum likelihood reconstruction algorithm for emission computed tomography. AB - Convergence properties of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for emission computed tomographic (ECT) image reconstruction are evaluated as a function of Poisson noise, precision of the assumed system resolution model and iteration number up to 10,000 iterations. In the ECT reconstruction problem, the photon emitting source distribution is to be estimated from measurements of projections of the emitted photon flux. The MLE algorithm seeks a source distribution which will maximise the maximum likelihood function relating the estimated and the measured projections. A Monte Carlo model of the system transfer function of a single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) system allowed realistic projection data to be simulated from a known source distribution. Poisson noise was added to the Monte Carlo simulations. By using projection data from a known source distribution generated through a known system transfer function, we were able to simultaneously evaluate the convergence of both the projection estimations as well as the source distribution estimations. As predicted by theory, the estimates of the projections did continue to improve (or remain the same) for all combinations of Poisson noise (up to 10% RMS) and system resolution (+/- 10% of true value) tested. Convergence of source distribution estimates to the true value was found for up to 10,000 iterations only for low noise (0.1% RMS) with the correct resolution function. For all other combinations, there was some optimum iteration (between 30 and 400) after which the source estimate was degraded even though the estimate of the projections was improved. PMID- 3495809 TI - Artefact reduction in dual-radionuclide subtraction studies. AB - A method is proposed which significantly reduces the artefacts commonly experienced in dual radionuclide subtraction studies. Images of two radionuclides recorded simultaneously differ in resolution, sensitivity and attenuation. Also, one image will include scatter from the second higher-energy radionuclide. As a result severe artefacts are likely to occur when the two images are subtracted. In order to minimise the depth dependence of resolution, attenuation and scatter, the geometric mean of conjugate views was considered. From experimental work with activity placed in a depth of water it was demonstrated that the number and spatial distribution of scattered photons recorded in any energy window could be accurately predicted from the geometric mean image recorded in the photopeak. This prediction was accurate, independent of the depth of the source in water for a range of phantom dimensions. Differences in the instrument sensitivity and resolution at different energies can also be readily compensated for by using geometric mean images, as can differences due to the variation in attenuation. In practice three factors can be experimentally determined for any pair of radionuclides: a scatter ratio, a scatter function and a resolution compensation function. These data are then used to improve the dual-radionuclide subtraction analysis. The ability of the technique to significantly reduce subtraction artefacts has been demonstrated in phantom studies. PMID- 3495810 TI - Kinetic investigation of K+ efflux during glycerol treatment of muscle. AB - The kinetics of K+ efflux was investigated in the membranes of frog sartorius muscle after disintegration by glycerol treatment. Data of the K+ concentration in the muscle as a function of time of the glycerol treatment fitted well the sum of two exponential fractions (with the correlation coefficient of more than 0.98). The half-lives of the two fractions of the K+ efflux were 1 and 75 hours respectively. On the basis of the value of its half life the efflux of the faster fraction was suggested to correspond to the free diffusion. At low temperature the magnitude of the faster fraction increased in a Na+-containing milieu. This could be due to K+-Na+ ion exchange. From the rate of loss of the slower fraction of K+ one finds that movement of K+ in cells without membranes is significantly slower than free diffusion. Presumably, part of the bound potassium exists in intra- or intermolecular "ion-bridges" of muscle proteins. PMID- 3495811 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone in depression: relationship to noradrenergic function. AB - We investigated the neurotransmitter regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Among 21 depressed patients cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of CRH significantly correlated with urinary outputs of norepinephrine and its major metabolites, and there were trends for significant correlations with both CSF and plasma levels of norepinephrine. These results suggest that CRH may be associated with the dysregulation of the norepinephrine system that is found in desperation. PMID- 3495812 TI - Suicide and homicide rates on national holidays. PMID- 3495813 TI - [Comparative studies of 125I-amphetamine-SPECT, CT, angiography, static and dynamic brain scintigraphy in cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 3495814 TI - [Expanding conventional roentgen diagnosis of the cerebellopontile angle using comparative pyramidal tomography]. PMID- 3495815 TI - Lymphoma: evaluation with Ga-67 SPECT. AB - To determine the value of gallium-67 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in imaging patients with lymphoma, the authors compared Ga-67 planar images and SPECT images in 40 consecutive patients, using radiologic examinations and/or medical records to confirm the presence or absence of disease. Thirty three patients had Hodgkin disease, and seven had non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fifty four examinations were performed. Of 57 sites of lymphoma in the chest, planar imaging depicted 38, while SPECT depicted 55, resulting in sensitivities of 0.66 and 0.96 for planar and SPECT imaging, respectively. In eight sites, both modalities were truly negative, but SPECT was negative in four additional sites that were equivocal on planar imaging, resulting in specificities of 0.66 and 1.00 for planar and SPECT imaging, respectively. In the abdomen, the sensitivities of planar and SPECT imaging were 0.69 and 0.85, and the specificities 0.87 and 1.00, respectively. SPECT was more accurate in depicting foci of gallium-avid lymphoma in the chest and abdomen and in excluding disease when planar imaging was equivocal. PMID- 3495816 TI - Obstetric and nonmalignant gynecologic bleeding: treatment with angiographic embolization. AB - Eight patients (seven post partum, one post abortion) with massive pelvic hemorrhage related to pregnancy and one patient with uncontrollable bleeding following a cervical biopsy underwent angiography to facilitate the identification and treatment of bleeding sites. In all nine patients pelvic hemorrhage was successfully controlled with embolization under angiographic guidance. Angiographic embolization allowed preservation of the uterus in six patients referred prior to hysterectomy, and one patient subsequently became pregnant. When conservative measures and minor surgical repairs have failed, embolization should be the next step in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage to avoid major surgery in an unstable patient and to maintain reproductive function. PMID- 3495817 TI - Brain phantom: high-resolution imaging with SPECT and I-123. AB - Inverse Monte Carlo (IMOC) is a unified reconstruction algorithm for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that provides simultaneous compensation for attenuation and collimator divergence. IMOC was applied to the reconstruction of SPECT images of a brain phantom with iodine-123 and high resolution collimation. Projection sets containing 80,000, 540,000, and 5.2 million counts were reconstructed. Comparison with filtered back-projection reconstructions showed that the IMOC reconstructions provided superior noise and resolution characteristics at all three photon densities. Results of this study indicate that IMOC may allow the use of high-resolution, low-sensitivity collimation for SPECT studies, which have traditionally provided photon yields too low for useful imaging. PMID- 3495819 TI - [Immunologic disorders in patients with condylomata acuminata]. PMID- 3495818 TI - Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in primate brain reverses MPTP induced parkinsonism. PMID- 3495820 TI - [Gangrenous pyoderma in monoclonal IgA gammopathy and functional disorders of T lymphocytes]. PMID- 3495821 TI - [2 cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with hypofunction of T lymphocytes and granulocytes]. PMID- 3495823 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the right colon. Angiographic findings in 5 cases]. AB - The authors present five cases of angiodysplasia of the right colon diagnosed by selective arteriography of the superior mesenteric artery. The patients, affected by repeated digestive haemorrhages, underwent angiography after many endoscopic and radiological examinations, all without significative findings. Clinical patterns, methods and angiographic findings are described, together with surgical specimen. PMID- 3495822 TI - Effects of enterally fed epidermal growth factor on the small and large intestine of the suckling rat. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to be present in the milk of several species, including the rat, and to have gastrointestinal effects when given parenterally or orally in pharmacologic doses. We investigated the effect of enteral EGF in physiologic doses on the small intestine and colon of suckling rats. Serum thyroxine (T4) levels were also measured. Rats were gavage-fed by hand with an artificial formula with or without added EGF every 3 h from 11 to 14 days of age. Intake was adjusted to deliver 30 kcal/100 g b.wt./day of formula and 16 micrograms/kg/day of EGF approximating the daily caloric intake, and about twice the estimated daily EGF intake for suckling rats. Weight gain did not differ between groups (fed EGF: 3.8 + 0.2 g; not fed EGF: 3.7 + 0.1 g). The protein content of the whole colon of rats fed an EGF-containing formula was significantly lower and the DNA content significantly higher, than in rats fed formula without added EGF. The protein/DNA ratio was therefore markedly higher in the animals fed formula without added EGF; these effects were most evident in the distal colon. In contrast, there was no effect of EGF on small intestinal protein and DNA content; lactase, sucrase, and maltase activities were likewise unaffected, as was serum T4. These data suggest a physiologic role for breast milk EGF in the development of the suckling rat colon. PMID- 3495824 TI - [Use of iodine microdoses in the prevention of contamination in mechanical ventilators]. PMID- 3495825 TI - [Septicemia: clinico-laboratory analysis and prognostic factors in 50 inpatients in intensive care units]. PMID- 3495826 TI - [Characterization of types of gastric ulcer by gastric acidity and ulcer localization]. PMID- 3495827 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis with positive Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn reaction. Analysis of 102 cases in Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3495828 TI - [The ethics of co-authorship]. PMID- 3495829 TI - [IFGA in pain of patients with neoplasms in the terminal phase]. PMID- 3495830 TI - [Opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma in hemophiliacs. Analysis of a series of patients controlled in a hospital and evaluation of the medical behavior]. PMID- 3495831 TI - [Study of regional cerebral glucose metabolism, in man, while awake or asleep, by positron emission tomography]. AB - Measurements of regional cerebral glucose uptake by the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose technique (18FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) along with polygraph recordings were made serially during relaxed wakefulness and different stages of nocturnal sleep in two right-handed normal volunteers. During stage III-IV sleep, values declined diffusely in both hemispheric regions (-31%), thalamus (-33%), cerebellum (-33%) and brain stem (-25%). During paradoxical sleep regional values increased diffusely compared with slow wave sleep. Compared to wakefulness, regional metabolic values seemed to increase but the results were more variable from one volunteer to the other. These preliminary data indicate important regional alterations in cerebral metabolism between sleep states. PMID- 3495832 TI - [Immunological data furnished by alveolar lavage in bronchopulmonary tumor pathology]. AB - Alveolar lavage is a simple technique giving access to the inner lung. The object of this study is to assess the place of alveolar lavage in pulmonary tumours in man. The systemic changes in the immune system are not touched upon, nor the search for tumour cells. The supernatant has revealed greater than normal levels of carcino-embryonic antigen in primary tumours and metastases. The immunoglobulins (IgE, IgA) are increased also. The ready collection of the alveolar macrophages (MA) around the tumour permits a study of their functional capacity: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytotoxicity. The chemotaxis of MA breaks down around a primary cancer even though it is not changed in pulmonary metastases. The data in the literature concerning the capacity for phagocytosis and of anti-tumour cytotoxicity are still fragmentary. Increasing the tumoricidal properties of MA is a prospect for future. Alveolar lavage is an additional diagnostic method. It allows for a progressive scrutiny of the local immunological response in broncho-pulmonary tumours. PMID- 3495833 TI - [Inhalation pneumonia presenting as a pneumocystis infection]. AB - A case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. Following presentation a chronic alveolitis was uncovered, which was due to ultimately repeated and prolonged inhalation of sweets containing gum arabic. The diagnosis was confirmed by a trans-bronchial biopsy and by chemical analysis of centrifugation of the alveolar lavage deposit. After cessation of the inhalation the progress was satisfactory both in terms of clinical status and lung function measurement. PMID- 3495834 TI - Non-selective inhibition of mammalian protein kinases by flavinoids in vitro. AB - In vitro, the flavinoids quercetin, morin, and rutin produced comparable inhibition of protein kinase C prepared from bovine brain, the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated tyrosine specific protein kinase associated with A431 cell membranes, and the cAMP-stimulated protein kinase activity associated with rat brain tubulin. Concentrations producing 50% inhibition (IC50's) were in the 10 microM range. These findings demonstrate the lack of specificity of the flavinoids toward cyclic nucleotide-dependent vs cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases. PMID- 3495835 TI - Cross reactions between porcine, bovine and ovine interleukin-2 preparations. AB - Optimum conditions for the production of porcine interleukin-2 were found to include a delay of 24 hours before the addition of mitogen. Porcine and bovine interleukin-2 responded optimally in homologous systems whereas bovine interleukin-2 gave a better response in the ovine system than homologous ovine interleukin-2. Interleukin-2 produced from a continuous gibbon cell line reacted well with porcine, ovine and bovine T cell blasts indicating that it could act as a universal growth factor for T cell clones produced from these species. PMID- 3495837 TI - Does activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis depend on disease duration? A correlation between bronchoalveolar lavage, scintigraphic, radiologic, and physiologic parameters and time of onset of the disease. AB - In pulmonary sarcoidosis the alveolitis is thought to precede and modulate granuloma formation and fibrosis. Thus, patients with early disease may have a more active pulmonary process, while patients with long standing sarcoidosis are thought to have fibrotic, stabilized lesions. The aim of the present study is to correlate radiographic stage, alveolitis activity, and respiratory function changes with the length of the disease. For this purpose 116 patients with biopsy proven untreated pulmonary sarcoidosis have been divided in three groups according to time of onset of the illness: group A (48 patients with sarcoidosis duration less than or equal to 3 months), group B (25 patients with sarcoidosis duration greater than 3 less than or equal to 6 months), and group C (43 patients with sarcoidosis duration greater than 6 months less than or equal to 3 years). We found a progression with time from roentgenographic stage I to III, but no correlation was present between the disease duration and T lymphocytes of BAL, results of gallium lung scans, and respiratory function values. Our results suggest that the activity of alveolitis and the derangement of respiratory function in pulmonary sarcoidosis are unrelated to the time of onset of the disease. PMID- 3495836 TI - [A case of angina after myocardial infarction with ST elevation on exercise associated with 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose uptake at the area of 13N-NH3 hypoperfusion]. PMID- 3495838 TI - Fatal gastrointestinal haemorrhage in sarcoidosis: a previously unreported occurrence. AB - Gastrointestinal sarcoidosis is infrequent. Fatal gastrointestinal haemorrhage in sarcoidosis has not been reported before; we report two such cases. PMID- 3495839 TI - Sarcoidosis and lymphoma: an unusual association. AB - The coexistence of sarcoidosis and malignant lymphoma is uncommon. Here we report four patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis; one developed Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the pleura; another, B cell lymphoma involving the cervical nodes; the third Gastric B cell lymphoma, and the last an aggressive widespread B cell lymphoma. PMID- 3495840 TI - Blast transformation in Mexican malnourished children. PMID- 3495841 TI - [Is the target of anti-cardiolipin antibodies the same in Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome and lupus erythematosus disseminatus?]. AB - Forty-seven patients were diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 34 patients primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS); 30 controls were also studied. Anti cardiolipin (CL), anti double-stranded DNA (ds DNA) and anti single-stranded DNA (ss DNA) antibodies were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Elevated anti-CL antibody levels were detected in 47.8 p. 100 (n = 46) of patients with SLE and in 85.3 p. 100 (n = 34) of patients with SS, but only once in controls. Elevated ss DNA were detected in 91.5 p. 100 (n = 47) of patients with SLE and in 18.3 p. 100 of patients with SS but never in controls. Elevated anti-ss DNA were detected in 93.3 p. 100 and 97.1 p. 100 respectively of patients with SLE and SS and in 3.3 p. 100 of controls. There was no correlation between anti-CL and thrombosis, circulating lupus anti coagulant or VDRL. The most striking association, however, was between anti-CL and anti ss-DNA antibodies in SLE. There was no correlation between anti-CL and anti ds-DNA antibodies in SLE patients. Anti CL antibodies were correlated both to ss-DNA and anti ds-DNA in SS patients. Absorption of positive anti-CL antibodies sera were done on DNA (ss-DNA and ds-DNA) affinity column chromatography: anti-CL antibodies were absorbed only by ss DNA in SLE and by both ss DNA and ds DNA in SS. PMID- 3495843 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy: a new therapeutic approach to cancer based on interleukin 2]. PMID- 3495842 TI - Hospital practices and doctor's attitudes leading to early introduction of complements to infant diets in Istanbul. AB - Infant feeding pattern among 269 mothers living in three socio-economically distinct areas of Istanbul was ascertained by a cross-sectional study. In spite of a relatively high prevalence of breastfeeding, mothers displayed a marked tendency toward early introduction of complements. Early complementary feeding and weaning was positively associated with the mother's degree of urbanization, educational, and socio-economic status and hospital deliveries. A prospective study carried out among 24 mothers strived to identify the underlying reasons for early complementation in areas with low to middle socio-economic characterization. Direct advice from doctors was found to be responsible for mother's decisions to introduce complements in many of instances. PMID- 3495844 TI - [Importance of positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and physiopathology of epilepsy]. PMID- 3495845 TI - [Principle indications for laser therapy in gastroenterology at the present time]. PMID- 3495846 TI - [The laser in physical medicine and rheumatology]. PMID- 3495847 TI - [Vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis or Forestier-Rotes-Querol disease]. PMID- 3495848 TI - [The case from practice (77). Patient: Mr.D. M., born 4-23-1960, mechanic]. PMID- 3495849 TI - [Medical characteristics of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and the place of systematic radiography screening among the means of discovery. Cross-sectional survey of 984 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis reported in France in 1984]. AB - We present the results of a study conducted in 1984 in 31 DDASS centres which enabled us to constitute a standardized sample representative of all cases of tuberculosis currently notified in France. An analysis of the patients' characteristics showed that cases of tuberculosis were discovered in equal numbers in three branches of medicine: industrial medicine and welfare centres, general medicine including (to a very small extent) private specialists, and hospital medicine (in-patients and out-patients). Most of the subjects in our study had clinical signs of tuberculosis at the time of diagnosis, and it was these signs that prompted them to consult. About 28% of the cases (25% in an undifferentiated population) were detected by systematic radiography, and 25 to 50% of these patients (45-66% for the whole of the population notified) were contagious. From the results of this study, the number of patients detected by systematic radiography in 1982 was estimated at approximately 3,000; of these, 800 to 1,580 might have been contagious. In that same year, 9 million systematic radiological examinations were performed, which means that the yield of these examinations was 9 to 17.6 in 100,000 for contagious pulmonary tuberculosis and 34 in 100,000 for all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 3495850 TI - [Surgical treatment of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. A non-derivative method]. PMID- 3495851 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage--a late complication of hepaticojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis]. PMID- 3495852 TI - Comparative studies of adherent rheumatoid synovial cells in primary culture: characterisation of the dendritic (stellate) cell. AB - Primary cultures of adherent rheumatoid synovial cells contain variable proportions of fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as judged by morphological appearance. Comparative studies using various enzymic and histochemical staining procedures showed the dendritic cells to lack many of the characteristic features of macrophages, e.g. the failure to express HLA-DR (Ia) antigen. The dendritic cells and fibroblasts had several similarities, but differed to some extent in their nonspecific esterase activity, phagocytic and proliferative potential. As the proportions of dendritic cells and fibroblasts varied in relation to specific culture conditions, we examined the possibility that these morphologies might represent different functional states rather than distinct cellular origins. Using subcultured synovial fibroblasts with a uniform bipolar appearance, we have shown that exposure to interleukin-1 or mast cell products resulted in a transformation to dendritic morphology. This change in cell shape was prevented by the presence of indomethacin, but was subsequently achieved by the addition of exogenous PGE2. Thus it appears that the latter is the factor that modulates the morphological change of fibroblastic to dendritic cells. This study has also demonstrated the complete and reversible interchange of fibroblast/dendritic morphology, thereby confirming that these different shapes are manifest by the same cell. The changes in phenotypic expression associated with the dendritic appearance include increased production of collagenase, prostaglandin E, and nonspecific esterase, as well as an apparent inability to exhibit phagocytosis and to proliferate in culture. We conclude from our in vitro studies that the phenotypic behaviour of the synovial fibroblast (or synoviocyte) is very variable and dependent to a large extent upon local stimuli, but the identity and hierarchy of such stimulating and suppressive factors in relation to cellular interactions requires further study. PMID- 3495853 TI - Esophageal manometric findings in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: is scleroderma esophagus a specific entity? AB - In order to assess whether distal esophageal hypomotility in scleroderma is unique to this disease or not, we studied 25 normal volunteers and 109 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (27 with primary Sjogren's syndrome, 25 with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon, 25 with rheumatoid arthritis, 19 with scleroderma, 5 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease, 3 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 with mixed connective tissue disease, 2 with sclerodermatomyositis, and one with morphea). Esophageal dysfunction typical of scleroderma was present in 17 patients (15.6%), of whom 13 had scleroderma (68%) and one each primary Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, and mixed connective tissue disease. Twenty-two percent of all patients had nonspecific esophageal motility changes, clustered among primary Sjogren's syndrome, idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon, and rheumatoid arthritis. We conclude that lower esophageal hypomotility, although most frequent in scleroderma, is not unique to this disease and can be encountered in several other auto-immune rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3495854 TI - Diverse morphological responses of normal human synovial fibroblasts to mononuclear leukocyte products: relationship to prostaglandin production and plasminogen activator activities, and comparison with the effects of purified interleukin 1. AB - Supernatant media from cultured human mononuclear blood leukocytes (MCCM) induced morphological changes in normal human synovial fibroblasts in culture, including the formation of cells with a dendritic or stellate morphology and, less frequently, cells with a striking fenestrated appearance. These changes were fully reversed within 1 h of removing the MCCM. They were inhibited by indomethacin, the glucocorticoids hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone, and by colcemid, but not by actinomycin D and only weakly by cycloheximide. The morphological responses to MCCM could be reproduced by MCCM fractions containing interleukin 1-like activity and by purified forms of human interleukin 1 (IL-1), including monocyte-derived IL-1 beta and recombinant IL-1 alpha. These responses were also inhibited by indomethacin, indicating a link with prostanoid production. However, the morphological responses were not related to the stimulation of plasminogen activator activity due to MCCM, MCCM fractions, or IL 1. PMID- 3495855 TI - Atlanto-axial subluxation in patients with seronegative spondylarthritis. AB - Two patients with seronegative HLA-B27-connected spondylarthropathy, associated in one case with psoriasis and in the other with Reiter's disease, who had atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS) are reported. The AAS caused muscle weakness and intractable occipito-cervical pain. Both patients were treated operatively with a Gallie type C1-C2 fusion. The symptoms subsided following surgery and the patients remained free of cervical spine discomfort. The report also indicates that the rarer variants of the HLA-B27 associated chronic seronegative spondylarthropathies may cause AAS complicated by neurological symptoms and that the disorder is amenable to surgical intervention. PMID- 3495856 TI - [Epidermotropic T lymphomas]. PMID- 3495857 TI - [Treatment of cutaneous lymphomas]. PMID- 3495858 TI - Variations in humoral and cellular immunologic changes in relation to the evolutive stage of chronic active liver disease. AB - The humoral immune changes (of Ig, CIC, C3) and the cellular ones (T lymphocytes with the T1, T2, Ta subpopulations and B lymphocytes) have been followed up for a mean period of 36 months in 22 patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD), of whom 11 with chronic active hepatitis and 11 with active liver cirrhosis. Thirteen of these patients received long term corticotherapy and 9 only a hepatotropic treatment. A comparison of the mean values of the immune parameters investigated in the active and in the remission stages has revealed an improvement of the immune disorders in the remission stages, both at humoral and cellular levels, more evident in the patients treated by corticotherapy. PMID- 3495859 TI - [Genetic study of a family of subjects with ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - In a family of four patients with ankylosing spondylarthritis, the study of HLA typing has permitted to establish the dissociated transmission of the B27 antigen and the spondylarthritis: as a matter of fact, if the father and his two sons have the disease, and carry the B27, one of the daughters is also definitely affected with spondylarthritis according to New York criteria, and does not carry the B27. This young woman, also, does not present in her haplotype the genes of susceptibility to psoriasis, B13, B17, CW6, DR7, nor the antigens giving cross reactions with B27, type CREG, B7, B22, B40. So, this young woman seems to have inherited from her father a genetic predisposition toward the disease without transmission of antigen B27 and it is supposed that if this gene is linked to the HLA system by an unbalanced binding, it was transmitted after recombination in her father. PMID- 3495860 TI - [B27-negative spondylarthritis. Results of 3 familial surveys, with monozygotic twins in one]. AB - With the typing of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA, A, C, B, Bf, C4, DR, GLO), the authors study three (3) family investigations of patients suffering from primary ankylosing spondylarthritis, B27 negative, including one concerning a discordant pair of monozygotic female twins. The possible links between the patient's haplotypes and the phenotypic expression of their ankylosing spondylarthritis, B27 negative, is discussed: a complotype (C4 A4 B2) and 2 antigens (B18 and Bw62) from the group B35 CREG over-represented in ankylosing spondylarthritis (Family n degree 1): presence of antigen B40 of B7 CREG in the patient of Family n degree 2, contrasting with the presence of antigen B27 in 2 first-degree parents, apparently healthy; presence of antigen B7 from the B7 CREG and the possible role of an environmental factor in the discordant monozygotic female twins (Family n degree 3). The results are compared to the studies of families with ankylosing spondylarthritis, B27 negative, of monozygotic twins and discordant ankylosing spondylarthritis-antigen B27 reported in the literature. Pathogenetic implications are discussed (linked gene hypothesis, direct role and/or heterogeneity of B27). PMID- 3495861 TI - [Ankylosing spondylitis with juvenile onset. Study of 62 cases]. AB - The study of 338 files of patients hospitalized for ankylosing spondylarthritis between 1977 and 1985, has enabled to select 52 cases (15 p. cent) of juvenile forms (onset before the age of 16). An additional 10 cases followed in pediatric clinic are included. The male predominance is definite (88.7 p. cent); the onset is late (mean age: 11.6 +/- 3.2 years) and, most of the time, at the level of a peripheral joint (79 p. cent). The evolution, studied with a mean follow-up of 11.2 +/- 4.8 years, is usually manifested by bouts of peripheral and/or axial arthritis (82.2 p. cent). Joint involvement predominates in the lower extremities: knees (23 cases) and feet (21 cases). The late appearance of spinal and/or sacro-iliac joint involvement explains the late diagnosis (5.6 +/- 4.8 years). Visceral involvement is less frequent (12 cases of eye involvement). The functional prognosis is dominated by a severe involvement of the coxo-femoral joints (46.6 p. cent). Heel pain with posterior and/or inferior talus erosions (15 cases) are, because of their frequency, interesting for making the diagnosis. The total functional prognosis is relatively good: Steinbrocker stage 0-1 for 26 patients (44 p. cent). A bilateral arthroplasty was performed in 9 patients with an excellent result in 7 cases. PMID- 3495862 TI - [Retrospective study of the possible role of injuries in the genesis of ankylosing spondylitis, Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome and other reactive arthritis, unclassified B27 rheumatism in adults and chronic B27 arthritis in children]. AB - If the revealing or aggravating effect of traumas is known in the course of ankylosing spondylarthritis, their etiological role is debatable. We have reviewed 370 files of patients with ankylosing spondylarthritis, 11 of which were mentioning a post-traumatic onset, without being able to find a single case which could satisfy irrefutably the criteria of imputability. It was the same for 51 cases of the Fiessinger Leroy Reiter syndrome 29 cases of reactional arthritis and 42 cases of unclassifiable Rheumatism HLA B27+, and all affections that could develop into an ankylozing spondylarthritis. On the contrary, in 53 cases of chronic juvenile arthritis HLA B27+, we found 5 cases which satisfied the criteria attributable to a trauma. The critical review of the literature also leads us to question the causal role of trauma in cases of ankylosing spondylarthritis and the Fiessinger Leroy Reiter syndrome where trauma is presented as such. PMID- 3495863 TI - [Systematic ileocolonoscopy in seronegative spondylarthropathies]. AB - An inflammation of the ileum was observed by Mielants and Veys in patients suffering from reactional arthritis associated to HLA B27 antigen. We thought it would be interesting to perform a systematic ileo-colonoscopy in patients suffering from seronegative spondylo-arthropathy, whether it was an axial or a peripheral form of the disease, or it was associated or not to HLA B27 antigen. The results observed in 30 patients who responded to the criteria of Wright and Moll for the diagnosis of seronegative spondylo-arthropathy, were compared to those of 18 patients suffering from various gastro-intestinal disorders. Macroscopically, a minimal abnormality (erythematous patches and/or micro ulcerations) was observed in 10 out of 30 patients, and never in the reference group (p less than 0.02). The histological examination demonstrated, in patients suffering from spondylarthritis, a higher frequency of minimal signs of inflammation (lympho-plasmocytes infiltration) at the level of the ileum (in 18 out of 19 patients versus 11 out of 18 patients in the reference group, p less than 0.05) and at the level of the rectum (in 15 out of 19 patients, versus 8 out of 17 patients in the reference group, p less than 0.05). This study suggests therefore the presence of minimal ileorectal inflammation in patients with seronegative spondylo-arthritis, which could have an influence on the pathogenesis and/or the evolutive course of the disease. PMID- 3495864 TI - Reduced cerebral blood flow in high altitude climbers. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied by 133Xe inhalation dynamic single photon emission computer tomography in 8 members of a climbing expedition to the Himalayas. With one exception they had all previously climbed at high altitudes. All stayed above 6,500 m for approximately 3 weeks, and 5 reached the summit of Mt. Everest. CBF was measured in Oslo before, immediately after, and one year after the completion of the expedition. Measurements were made at rest and following the injection of 1 g acetazolamide intravenously. As reference group was used 13 healthy male subjects of similar age from the hospital staff. Ten age matched male diving instructors formed a second control group. In the climbers a small, but not significant reduction in CBF was seen after the expedition. On the other hand, they had significantly lower CBF than reference subjects already before the expedition. The flow difference was most pronounced corresponding to the perfusion territory of the middle cerebral artery. One year after the completion of the expedition the average CBF in climbers was still more than 15% lower than in the reference group. The climbers had higher relative flow increase after acetazolamide injection than the reference subjects, showing that the functional capacity of the microvascular system of the brain was intact. Whether neuronal activity or number of neurones is reduced in climbers proportional to the decrease in flow, or maintained at normal level by increased oxygen and glucose extraction, cannot be answered by the present data. PMID- 3495865 TI - Measurement of cerebral blood flow with 133Xe inhalation and dynamic single photon emission computer tomography. Normal values. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied by 133Xe inhalation tomography in 25 healthy subjects. Mean age was 41 years and range 23-66 years. Mean hemispheric CBF at rest was 59.8 ml/100 g/min, and cerebellar flow 60.8 ml/100 g/min. This difference was not statistically significant. The distribution of CBF values was skewed and approximated a log normal distribution. Estimated lower and upper normal reference range limits calculated as mean (log) +/- 2 S.D. (log) were 47 74 ml/100 g/min. Women had approximately 5 ml/100 g/min higher CBF values than men. This difference corresponded to the difference in hematocrit. Neither in men nor in women was there any tendency to age dependent reduction or increase in flow. In both sexes hemispheric regional CBF (rCBF) was asymmetric with higher flow values in the right cerebral hemisphere; particularly in the anterior distribution territory of the middle cerebral artery. In this region the maximum individual flow difference was 8 ml/100 g/min and the average difference 3.5 +/- 2.6 ml/100 g/min. Emotional activation as a consequence of the study conditions is assumed to be the cause of this observed asymmetry. Cerebellar flow was not assymetric. No significant difference in cerebellar or hemispheric CBF was found when a second study followed the first by 3-15 months. PCO2 correction of flow improved the reproducibility. The standard deviation of the flow difference between test/retest measurements was 5 ml/100 g/min. After 1 g acetazolamide given intravenously the mean increase in hemispheric CBF was 15.7 +/- 5.1 ml/100 g/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495866 TI - The in vitro B-cell response to pneumococcal polysaccharides in adults and neonates. AB - In order to gain insight into the relatively late appearance in ontogeny of responsiveness to T-cell independent (TI) antigens, the in vitro human B-cell response to type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharides (PS4, a human TI-2 antigen) was studied. B cells obtained from adults differentiate into anti-PS4 antibody forming cells upon culturing with PS4, but neonatal B cells obtained from cord blood fail to respond. The culture system used does, however, allow the differentiation of B cells reactive with TD antigens, for example ovalbumin. In order to evaluate the concept that in man the anti-PS4 response is derived from a particular B-cell subset we separated adult B cells on the basis of expression of the determinant recognized by the monoclonal antibody FMC7. The anti-PS4 response is found mainly, but not exclusively, in the FMC7+ subset. The selective unresponsiveness of neonatal B cells to TI-2 antigens is not, however, due to the absence of FMC7+ B cells because, unlike adult blood B cells of which about 50% are FMC7+, 100% of neonatal B cells are FMC7+. PMID- 3495867 TI - Suppression of cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses through inactivation of non-T accessory cells. AB - The suppressive properties of nonspecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations, derived from murine fetal calf serum (FCS)-precultured cells expanded in interleukin 2 (operationally defined as FCS-CM-expanded cells), were investigated on CTL responses generated by syngeneic alloreactive lymphoid cells. Our results suggest that the addition of FCS-CM-expanded cell populations can inhibit the CTL response by elimination of the bone marrow-derived macrophage (BM M phi) population used as non-T accessory cells. Indeed, in the culture conditions used, removal of IL-2 by the FCS-CM-expanded cells as well as a direct inactivating effect on the CTL precursors (CTL-P) could be excluded as a reason for inhibition. On the other hand, we were able to show that the BM M phi population was very sensitive to the cytolytic activity exhibited by the inhibiting cells in a 3 h 51Cr-release assay and that the suppressor effect observed could be partially circumvented by a second addition of BM M phi on the second day after the initiation of the culture. PMID- 3495868 TI - B lymphocytes respond specifically to phytohaemagglutinin after liposome dependent transfer of purified phytohaemagglutinin receptors. AB - Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) receptor glycoproteins purified by affinity chromatography from porcine splenic lymphocytes, were reconstituted into vesicles made of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, concomitantly with Sendai virus fusogenic proteins HN and F. The vesicles were used as a vehicle to insert the PHA receptor glycoproteins into a highly enriched population of porcine B lymphocytes. Fluorescence analyses showed that 52 +/- 2% of the reconstituted B cells had incorporated the lectin receptors. The modified B lymphocytes were assayed for their response (tritiated thymidine incorporation into nucleic acids) to PHA, concanavalin A (Con A), or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that porcine B cells fused with vesicles containing only viral fusogenic proteins failed to respond to either PHA or Con A. Tritiated thymidine incorporation was similar to background values. The cells did, however, respond to LPS with values of label incorporation similar to those observed in the case of pre-fused B lymphocytes. When purified B lymphocytes were fused with vesicles containing PHA receptors and viral fusogenic proteins, assays of thymidine incorporation showed a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) and specific response of the modified cells to PHA stimulation. Reconstituted cells cultured in the presence of PHA incorporated approximately nine times more radioactive label than pre-fused cells or cells fused with vesicles containing only fusogenic viral proteins. In marked contrast, reconstituted B lymphocytes did not show any significant label incorporation above background level in response to Con A, but they retained their ability to respond to LPS. Our findings suggest that B lymphocytes can be made to respond specifically to PHA by insertion of appropriate lymphocyte-derived receptors. PMID- 3495869 TI - Bacteriological investigation of secretory otitis media in children with cleft palate. AB - Altogether 92 middle ear effusion samples from 89 children with cleft (lip) palate and secretory otitis media aged from two months to 15 years were cultured and analyzed bacteriologically. Known middle ear pathogens were isolated from 49 (53%), these accounted for 68% of all positive cultures. The frequency of occurrence of middle ear pathogens was significantly higher in the age group younger than 36 months. The most common bacteria found were S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis and H. influenzae. The only anaerobe was a strain of B. fragilis. We believe that by defining culture methods, more pathogens can be isolated from the middle ear of cleft children than has previously been reported. Pathogenic bacteria seem to be found with a higher frequency in children with cleft palate, when compared to normal children. PMID- 3495870 TI - Occurrence of sperm antibodies in adult rats after prefertile traumatic vas lesions. AB - The occurrence of sperm antibodies has been studied in adult rats, which at prefertile age had been subjected to unilateral vasectomy, unilateral or bilateral crush injury of the vas or bilateral resection of the ductal artery. By means of indirect immunofluorescence technique, circulating sperm antibodies could be demonstrated in the blood in all groups 13 weeks postoperatively: unilateral vasectomy 15/17 (88%), unilateral crush injury 14/20 (70%), bilateral crush injury 13/20 (65%) and vascular injury 14/20 (70%). Sperm granulomas were observed in the unilateral vasectomy group (14/17) and in the bilateral crush injury group (4/20), whereas no sperm granulomas were seen in the unilateral crush injury or the vascular injury group. PMID- 3495871 TI - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against monoclonal rheumatoid factors derived from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (mA-IDs) were produced against IgM-K, IgA-L and IgA-K monoclonal rheumatoid factors (mRFs), respectively, derived from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Each mA-ID inhibited the RF activity of the autologous M-protein, but did not inhibit the activity of the other mRFs. As for the specificity of mA-IDs, it was confirmed to bind only to the mRF used for immunization. A cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) was detected in 3 out of 106 polyclonal RFs (pRFs) using AW5/3 mA-ID by double immunodiffusion or ELISA inhibition assay on pRF activity. However, no CRI was detected on AMB1/5 or SF18/2 mA-ID. One of the mA-IDs, AW5/3, cross-reacted with nuclei of proliferating lymphocytes, such as PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, interleukin 2 dependent T cell lines, B-lymphoblastoid cell lines or cultured lymphoma cell lines, but barely reacted with nuclei of normal resting lymphocytes. PMID- 3495872 TI - An analysis of polyclonal B cell activation in Sjogren's syndrome. Characterization of B cell lines spontaneously established from the peripheral blood. AB - We intended to analyze the mechanism of polyclonal B cell activation in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were grown in bulk cultures without stimulation. Four cell lines (SS-1, SS-7, SS-10, SS-14) were successfully established from SS patients but none from normal controls. All of the cell lines were B cell origin possessing B1, B4 and HLA-DR antigens on their surfaces and were positive for EB virus associated nuclear antigens (EBNA). Both SS-7 and SS-10 spontaneously produced IgM whereas SS-1 and SS-14 IgG. All the cell lines except SS-7 expressed receptors for B cell stimulatory factors (BSF). Culture supernatants of these cell lines contained multiple biological activities including those for IL-1, IL-2, IL-3 and BCGF. These data suggest that B cells are polyclonally activated in vivo presumably by EB virus in SS and these activated B cells might perturb immunoregulatory system by producing multiple lymphokines. PMID- 3495873 TI - Symptomatic secondary Sjogren's syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Relation to anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B autoantibodies. AB - The prevalence of symptomatic secondary Sjogren's syndrome in 66 patients with SLE recruited from a defined population in southern Sweden was 59%. In 26 patients (39%) the symptoms were mild and variable, related to disease activity, while in a smaller group (20%) the symptoms appeared to be constant. The latter patients had an increased frequency of thyroid disease and autoantibodies to SS A. The patients in this group were older, but did not seem to differ in regard to other disease manifestations. PMID- 3495874 TI - Oral problems in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Minor salivary gland biopsies are important in confirming the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and in understanding its pathogenesis. Biopsies should be obtained through clinically intact mucosa and contain at least 4 evaluable lobules. Immunohistologic studies using monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the majority of infiltrating lymphocytes are T cells (CD3+) of the helper/inducer (CD4+) subset. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) and scanning EM emphasize the presence of high endothelial venules in SS biopsis and do not reveal immune complexes at the basement membranes. Taken together, these results suggest that T cell mediated immune mechanisms are responsible for salivary gland destruction. Patients with SS present specific therapeutic problems. First, their decreased saliva production predisposes them to increased oral infections and periodontal disease. These causes of increased oral pain must be distinguished from flares of the underlying disease including vasculitis and from medication side effects. Difficulty in eating solid foods may contribute to poor nutrition and to stress in social situations. In certain patients, dental restorations and prosthetic implants may improve cosmetic appearance and oral function. PMID- 3495875 TI - Antibodies against SS-B/La and SS-A/Ro antigens in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies against SS B/La is described, and the frequency of anti-SS-B/La antibodies in 103 blood donors is tested. 67% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (n = 21), verified by at least two abnormal tests for xerostomia as well as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (the Copenhagen criteria), were found to have IgG anti SS-B antibodies, and 71% had anti-SS-A/Ro precipitating antibodies, when tested by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. All patients with anti-SS-B/La antibodies had anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies. Anti-SS-A/Ro and -SS-B/La antibodies correlated with the presence of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia. The clinical manifestations of pseudolymphoma, Raynaud's phenomenon, fatigue and arthralgia, were more frequent in patients with anti-SS-B/La and/or -SS-A/Ro antibodies. PMID- 3495876 TI - Anti-Ro/SSA and -La/SSB antibodies in patients with connective tissue diseases. AB - The frequency of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies in patients from Japan with Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), polymyositis-dermatomyositis (PM-DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and blood donors is reported. Anti-La/SSB ab was especially detected in patients with severe glandular and extraglandular manifestation and could be found in sera years prior to the confirmation of Sjogren's syndrome. The purified Ro/SSA antigen consisted of 60 k peptide and 16 k RNA while the La/SSB antigen consisted of 41 k and 29 k peptides. Some molecular association seems to exist between the peptides and corresponding IgG anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies. PMID- 3495877 TI - Abdominal complications following cardiopulmonary bypass in open-heart surgery. AB - Open-heart surgery was performed on 1686 adult patients between 1980 and 1984, with a mortality rate due to abdominal complications of 0.6%. Every operation involved the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Abdominal complications occurred in 1.6%, with an overall mortality rate of 36%. The most frequent complication was gastrointestinal (Gl) bleeding (61%). The mortality of the patients who bled from the Gl tract was 53%. Other complications encountered were gastroduodenal ulcer, colitis, ileus, subphrenic abscess and intraperitoneal bleeding. Prolonged CPB and low output syndrome preceded multiple organ failure, which occurred in 39% of those who had abdominal complications and in 59% of those who bled. Gl bleeding after CPB did not correlate with a previous history of gastric ulcer. Reoperation because of cardiac tamponade or excessive chest tube drainage was a factor predisposing to Gl bleeding. The mortality and abdominal complication rates were significantly higher in valve surgery than in coronary revascularization. PMID- 3495879 TI - Comparison of bubble release from various types of oxygenators. An in vivo investigation. AB - The present study compares the creation of free gas bubbles in five different bubble oxygenators and one membrane oxygenator, by use of Doppler ultrasound technique. The study was carried out on groups of male patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The results show that the bubble oxygenators produce a considerable amount of free gas bubbles, with variances based on type. The membrane oxygenator showed virtually no counts at all. PMID- 3495878 TI - Neutrophil lysosomal enzyme release and complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Complement activation and neutrophil degranulation were concomitantly studied during uncomplicated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Plasma concentrations of complement factor C4, complement split product C3d, the neutrophil lysosomal enzyme elastase complexed with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) and fibronectin were measured in 12 patients, C3d and elastase/PI increased significantly during CPB (volume-corrected results). The C3d rise was almost linear, whereas elastase/PI showed exponential increase. Mean elastase/PI and mean C3d concentrations at different times during CPB covaried closely. The study showed that during CPB neutrophil lysosomal enzyme release is intimately related to complement activation, although activation of the two systems may be caused by a common third activator within the extracorporeal circuit. PMID- 3495880 TI - Combined mitral valve and coronary artery surgery. AB - During the past 10 years, 50 patients underwent combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) at our clinic, with additional aortic valve replacement (AVR) in six cases. The early mortality was 8%. During the first half of the study period this mortality was 4/11 patients, but in the second half it was 0/39. All six patients with CABG + MVR + AVR survived the operation. Adverse factors were found to be advanced functional impairment, female sex, concomitant untreated aortic valvulopathy and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. All 46 patients who survived the operation were followed up for a mean period of 31 months, and during that time there were nine deaths. The survival rate was 54% after 3 years and 40% after 5 years. Most of the patients had improved by at least one functional class. The good results in this series probably were attributable to improvements in surgical procedure (introduction of cold potassium cardioplegia) and in postoperative management (intra-aortic balloon pumping). PMID- 3495882 TI - [Ischemic-granulomatous colitis: a new differential diagnosis from Crohn's colitis?]. AB - In patients with inflammatory bowel disease the presence of epitheloid cell granuloma is considered to be the most reliable single criterion for the presence of Crohn's disease. We report on 6 patients (5 female, 1 male, mean age 73.5 years) with acute onset of inflammatory bowel disease, in whom the presence of epitheloid cell granuloma led to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. However, concomitant major bleeding (4/6), absence of small intestinal involvement, and absence of extraintestinal manifestations suggested the presence of ischemic colitis. Histologic findings including thrombosed vessels (6/6), mucosal (5/6) and submucosal (3/4) hemorrhage, and mucosal (3/6) and submucosal (3/4) fibrosis supported this diagnosis. A review of the literature suggests that many clinical features of assumed Crohn's disease in elderly patients are atypical and would be most consistent with an ischemic pathogenesis: rarity of fistula, low recurrence rate, low rate of small intestinal involvement and extra-intestinal manifestations, and increased incidence of major colonic bleeding would best fit with an ischemic pathogenesis in at least some of these patients. We suggest that in elderly patients with "Crohn's colitis", even in the presence of epitheloid cell granuloma, an ischemic etiology should be considered. PMID- 3495881 TI - [Endoscopic study of digestive lesions caused by the use of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents in rheumatic patients]. AB - 44 patients treated with NSAID for a period of over 2 months for a rheumatic disease underwent fibroscopic endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gastric lesions were found to be more frequent than those of the esophagus or duodenum. They occur in men in particular and are not correlated with symptoms or clinical findings. They are likewise unaffected by the presence of inflammatory arthropathy or simultaneous ingestion of coffee or drugs or smoking. Lesions may improve despite continued use of NSAID. PMID- 3495883 TI - The T cell receptor family is growing. PMID- 3495884 TI - Regulation of bcl-2 proto-oncogene expression during normal human lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The bcl-2 and c-myc proto-oncogenes are brought into juxtaposition with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in particular B-cell lymphomas, resulting in high levels of constitutive accumulation of their messenger RNAs. Precisely how the products of the bcl-2 and c-myc genes contribute to tumorigenesis is unknown, but observations that c-myc expression is rapidly induced in nonneoplastic lymphocytes upon stimulation of proliferation raise the possibility that this proto-oncogene is involved in the control of normal cellular growth. In addition to c-myc, the bcl-2 proto-oncogene also was expressed in normal human B and T lymphocytes after stimulation with appropriate mitogens. Comparison of the regulation of the expression of these proto-oncogenes demonstrated marked differences and provided evidence that, in contrast to c-myc, levels of bcl-2 messenger RNA are regulated primarily through transcriptional mechanisms. PMID- 3495885 TI - The dynamics of free calcium in dendritic spines in response to repetitive synaptic input. AB - Increased levels of intracellular calcium at either pre- or postsynaptic sites are thought to precede changes in synaptic strength. Thus, to induce long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, periods of intense synaptic stimulation would have to transiently raise the levels of cytosolic calcium at postsynaptic sites- dendritic spines in the majority of cases. Since direct experimental verification of this hypothesis is not possible at present, calcium levels have been studied by numerically solving the appropriate electro-diffusion equations for two different postsynaptic structures. Under the assumption that voltage-dependent calcium channels are present on dendritic spines, free intracellular calcium in spines can reach micromolar levels after as few as seven spikes in 20 milliseconds. Moreover, a short, but high-frequency, burst of presynaptic activity is more effective in raising levels of calcium and especially of the calcium-calmodulin complex than sustained low-frequency activity. This behavior is different from that seen at the soma of a typical vertebrate neuron. PMID- 3495886 TI - Quantitative aspects of myocardial perfusion imaging. AB - Computer quantitation of myocardial perfusion images has enhanced the detection of thallium perfusion abnormalities compared to visual analysis. Computer analysis is more specific than visual analysis for detection of initial defects and more sensitive for detection of redistribution. Computer analysis is equally good for detecting thallium abnormalities in the distribution of the three major coronary arteries. Measurement of absolute clearance of thallium results in an unacceptable high false-positive rate. However, when clearance in a myocardial segment is compared to the fastest clearing segment in the heart, the specificity of clearance improves significantly. Quantitation of lung:heart ratio is very useful. Increased lung:heart ratio reflects exercise induced left ventricular dysfunction and is a strong marker of prognosis. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) offers the potential of more precisely sizing the risk area. The question of whether this technique offers a significant advantage over planar thallium imaging has to be answered. PMID- 3495887 TI - Haemophilus influenzae pericarditis successfully treated by catheter drainage. AB - Surgical drainage together with antibiotic therapy is generally considered the treatment of choice for purulent pericarditis. A case of culture-proven Haemophilus influenzae pericarditis is described in a young, previously healthy adult. Successful management of his illness included placement of an indwelling pericardial catheter and intravenous antibiotics. Pericardial catheter drainage may be an alternative to surgical drainage in some cases of purulent pericarditis. PMID- 3495888 TI - Vasopressin infusion vs surgery for GI hemorrhage in a patient with recent myocardial infarction. PMID- 3495889 TI - Histiocytosis X in the juvenile spine. AB - The authors studied 54 lesions, caused by histiocytosis X, that affected the spines of 28 children. The clinical, radiologic, biologic, and therapeutic aspects are described. The orthopaedic surgeon has a role to play in confirming the diagnosis, treating the lesion, and in following up. PMID- 3495890 TI - [T lymphocyte populations in benign thymus hyperplasia]. PMID- 3495891 TI - Bleeding esophageal varices. AB - No single treatment for bleeding esophageal varices is appropriate for all patients and situations. An algorithm for management of the patient with acute bleeding is presented in this article. The options for long-term, definitive therapy and the criteria for selection of each are discussed. PMID- 3495892 TI - The surgery of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3495893 TI - Current management of patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Other than gastrointestinal bleeding, there are few clinical emergencies the successful management of which is so dependent on the setting of priorities. Sequential attention to resuscitation, localization, specific diagnosis, and definitive therapy at a pace proportional to the rate of blood loss results in a satisfactory outcome in most patients who present with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3495894 TI - Evaluation and treatment of early hemorrhage of the alimentary tract after selective shunt procedures. AB - The cause and treatment of early variceal bleeding in 15 patients who had undergone distal splenorenal shunt were reviewed. Eight of these patients were taken from a group of 91 who underwent selective shunts from July 1983 through June 1985 and had extensive preoperative and postoperative evaluation of shunt patency and pressure gradient. Seven patients operated upon before July 1983 were reviewed because they illustrate the cause, diagnosis, successful and unsuccessful management of bleeding after selective shunt. Urgent selective arteriography combined with shunt catheterization is the key diagnostic and therapeutic maneuver. Thrombosis of the shunt can be successfully managed by revising the anastomosis. Stenosis of the shunt can be successfully treated with balloon dilation or operative revision of the anastomosis. When renal vein hypertension (RVH) occurs, there might be inadequate decompression of the varices. A gradient of 10 millimeters of mercury or greater from left renal vein to vena cava is diagnostic. Measurements of 30 patients who had no bleeding and one patient with documented RVH show the gradient decreases over time. Treatment should be supportive until this adaptation occurs. Hemorrhage can also occur in patients with a patient shunt but without a significant pressure gradient. Inadequate decompression of the varices through the short gastric veins leading to the spleen has been proposed as one cause. Termed short gastric hypertension, this syndrome could be expected to parallel RVH because the venous collaterals will enlarge and eventually decompress the varices. Treatment should be aimed toward supporting the patient until this adaptation occurs. A small number of patients continue to bleed despite these therapeutic interventions but can sometimes be salvaged with a total shunt. PMID- 3495895 TI - Experience with the esophagogastric devascularization procedure. AB - Twenty-eight consecutive unselected patients were treated for esophageal varices by means of a modified Sugiura procedure between 1978 and 1985. In accordance with Child's classification, 59% were considered as class A, 11% as class B, and 30% as class C. The etiology of the cirrhosis included alcohol abuse (42%), hepatitis (33%), granulomatous disease (7%), and cryptogenic disease (18%). One patient had extrahepatic portal hypertension from unknown causes. The surgical treatment included esophageal and gastric devascularization in all cases. The average operative time was 4 1/2 hours. The average blood replacement during surgery was 8 units. The operative mortality was 32% (2/16 class A, 1/3 class B, and 6/9 class C). Morbidity occurred in 33% of the patients. Significant causes of morbidity and mortality were related to complications of the esophageal transection, which was omitted in the later series. Six of the eighteen patients who survived surgery died later, but only one death was due to presumed recurrent variceal hemorrhage. Significant bleeding occurred in four patients--two due to recurrent varices and two due to peptic ulcer disease. Encephalopathy, which was present preoperatively in two patients, is still manifest but is well controlled. Encephalopathy did not develop in any other patients. At present, the 12 surviving patients have stable liver function. PMID- 3495896 TI - Laparotomy enhances intraperitoneal tumor growth and abrogates the antitumor effects of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - The interrelationship between host resistance to cancer and the trauma of a surgical procedure is the subject of much speculation. Extensive study of animal models and human subjects is required to define these effects and to provide a theoretical model by which to interpret these data. We used a murine model of intraperitoneal cancer to demonstrate the augmentation of tumor growth by surgical trauma. In this intraperitoneal tumor model, a surgical procedure that included entry into the abdominal cavity resulted in augmented tumor growth; a surgical incision on the skin of the animal's back did not promote tumor growth. The immunotherapeutic effects of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells were significantly reduced by the performance of a laparotomy. This abrogation of the effects of the immunotherapeutic regimen was observed for up to 14 days after laparotomy but was lost by days 35 to 42. Healing tissue may promote tumor growth, and these effects are dominant over immunotherapy with interleukin-2 plus lymphokine-activated killer cells. PMID- 3495897 TI - [Uric acid levels of the serum of healthy persons and patients with various rheumatic diseases]. AB - Serum uric acid levels were investigated in a series of 1715 subjects. Of them 596 were patients with inflammatory rheumatic disorders, 162 gout patients, 236 with osteoarthrosis, 79 with systemic lupus erythematosus or diffuse scleroderma and 642 healthy subjects. On analyzing the results, very high uricemia values were found in the gout patients. Increased uricemia values were observed is patients with psoriatic arthritis and diffuse connective tissue disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse scleroderma). Hyperuricemia was found in psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and in nosological entities classified under diffuse connective tissue disorders in 5.6 to 10.1% of patients. In the healthy examinees hyperuricemia was recorded in 3.8% of the cases. PMID- 3495898 TI - [Clinical value of determining the anti-DNA antibodies with different avidities in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3495899 TI - HIV antibody status and immunological abnormalities in Polish haemophiliacs. AB - Sera of 520 multitransfused haemophiliacs were examined for antibody to HIV; 447 patients had haemophilia A and 73 had haemophilia B. In 382 patients with haemophilia A and in 62 with haemophilia B solely Polish-made blood products were used for replacement therapy. The remaining haemophiliacs had also received imported clotting factor concentrates prior to the investigation. Only 8 patients (haemophilia A - 7, haemophilia B - 1) developed anti-HIV and all of them had been exposed to commercial concentrates. The analysis of T-cell subsets demonstrated an inverted T4/T8 ratio (less than 1.0) in 7 (30%) of the 23 haemophiliacs treated solely with domestic cryoprecipitate and in 3 (37%) of the 8 seropositive recipients of commercial concentrates. The most frequent alteration in both subgroups was a reduced ratio with either normal absolute numbers or an increase in T8 cells. Increased serum IgG levels were found in 82% of the users of cryoprecipitate and in 75% of the seropositive patients. Serum beta-2-microglobulin level was elevated in 69 and 62% of each subgroup, respectively. The observed immunological abnormalities, at least in the cryoprecipitate treated subgroup, may be causally related to factors other than HIV infection. PMID- 3495900 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase: increased efficiency of the carboxylation reaction. AB - The in vitro vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of peptide- or protein-bound glutamate residues is generally studied in detergent-solubilized microsomes from rat or cow liver. Under the conditions usually employed, the efficiency of the carboxylation reaction is low (less than 1% of the carboxylatable residues is converted into gammacarboxyglutamate). Here we describe that this efficiency may be raised to 30% by carrying out the following adaptations: 1) carboxylase was purified about 100-fold from the solubilized microsomes, so that the enzyme was obtained in a highly concentrated form and could be added in excess: 2) the HCO-3 concentration in the reaction mixtures was raised to 50 mM and 3) a substrate was selected (decarboxylated osteocalcin from bovine bone) the Km of which had been shown to be low (10 microM) and it was added in rate-limiting amounts. Besides the fact that under these conditions the carboxylation reaction occurred with a higher efficiency than before, the adaptations also enabled us to express the carboxylation activity in terms of moles CO2 incorporated per mole of substrate. PMID- 3495901 TI - Solid phase immunoradiometric assay of activated human coagulation factor IX. PMID- 3495902 TI - Is factor VII activation in pregnant women relevant to fetal growth retardation? PMID- 3495903 TI - Vitamin K counteracts the effect of warfarin in liver but not in bone. AB - Treatment with high dosages of Vitamin K completely inhibited the effect of Warfarin on blood coagulation but had essentially no ability to counteract the effect of Warfarin on the gamma-carboxylation of bone G1a protein (BGP; osteocalcin). Provided that rats received the appropriate dosage of Vitamin K prior to and concurrent with the administration of Warfarin, daily dosages as high as 7.7 mg Warfarin per 100 g body weight had no effect on blood coagulation times. This Warfarin dosage is approximately 150 times higher than the 50 micrograms per 100 g body weight which caused coagulation times to double in rats which did not receive Vitamin K. In dramatic contrast, the dosage of Warfarin required to reduce the gamma-carboxylation status of BGP to one-half normal, 30 micrograms per 100 g body weight, was essentially unaffected by Vitamin K treatment. These results indicate the existence of a major difference between the metabolism of Vitamin K by the hepatocytes which synthesize coagulation factors and the osteoblasts which synthesize BGP. The practical consequence of this difference is that it is now possible to antagonize the action of Vitamin K in osteoblasts, as well as in other cells which have the same Vitamin K metabolism, without affecting blood coagulation times. PMID- 3495904 TI - HLA-A, B and DR antigen frequencies in patients with AIDS-related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) and thrombocytopenia. AB - HLA-A, B, DR phenotype frequencies were studied in 69 homosexual patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), in 8 patients with LAV/HTLV III related thrombocytopenic purpura and in 21 homosexual controls. Antigen DR5 was significantly increased in PGL patient groups as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that genetic factors associated with HLA-DR5 antigen may predispose individuals infected by the LAV/HTLV III virus to the occurrence of PGL and/or thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3495906 TI - Induction of metallothionein by a macrophage factor and the partial characterization of the factor. AB - The mechanism of metallothionein (MT) induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied using an in vitro system. Rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated with or without LPS, after which the incubation medium was overlaid on human hepatic (Chang) cells. MT synthesis was induced in Chang cells treated with the macrophage medium incubated with LPS. No induction was observed when LPS was added directly to the Chang cell medium or when Chang cells were treated with the macrophage medium incubated without LPS. These results suggest that induction of MT by LPS is mediated by a factor released from macrophages. The factor is different from the known primary inducers of MT, such as heavy metals, glucocorticoid hormones, interleukin 1, and interferon. The factor is heat stable, nondialyzable, and stable at pH 2. Although its activity is lost by pepsin and trichloroacetic acid, it is resistant to trypsin. PMID- 3495905 TI - RNA synthesis inhibitors on young rat adrenal in primary culture. An ultrastructural study. AB - Adrenal cells of newborn rat adrenals in primary tissue culture were treated with actinomycin D (2, 10 and 25 micrograms/ml), alpha-amanitin (5 and 50 micrograms/ml) and cordycepin (100 micrograms/ml) and studied with the electron microscope. The most striking changes observed with the three drugs were localized on the nucleoli, and consisted, respectively, of segregation (actinomycin D), fragmentation (alpha-amanitin) and microsegregation (cordycepin). These results are consistent with the molecular sites of action of the drugs and are comparable to previous in vivo findings. PMID- 3495907 TI - Evaluation of immunotoxicity in a subchronic feeding study of triphenyl phosphate. AB - Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a potential food contaminant, was fed to weanling Spartan Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0% for 120 days. The immunotoxicity evaluation, planned as a minimum testing model in a subchronic study design as well as to provide information on TPP, was performed along with the routine testing of a separate group of animals. Traditional measures were made of growth and food consumption, total protein analysis, electrophoretic analyses of serum proteins, lymphoid organ weights in relation to growth, and histopathology, with expanded immunohistochemical evaluation of B- and T- lymphocyte regions in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, using immunoperoxidase staining. Assessment was made of the humoral response to a T lymphocyte-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells, and was begun at midterm of the feeding period for the primary response followed by secondary and tertiary booster immunizations at 3-week intervals. The kinetics of the responses were measured by hemolysin assay of relative antibody titers at days 3, 4, 5, and 6 postinjection. No significant effects on the responses were noted for either sex at any of the dose levels tested. The only effects noted were a decreased rate of growth at high levels of TPP and increases in the levels of alpha- and beta globulins suggestive of increased hepatic activity. PMID- 3495908 TI - A drop in suicides around major national holidays. AB - To study the fluctuation of suicides around the holidays, we examined 188,047 U.S. suicides from 1973 to 1979. Correcting for the effects of extraneous variables, such as seasons and days of the week, we found that suicides dropped by an annual average of -102.5 in the period surrounding the holidays. One set of holidays (Memorial Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas) was associated with an unusually low risk of suicide before, during, and after the holiday. Another set of holidays (New Year's Day, July 4th, and Labor Day) was associated with a low risk of suicide before the holiday and a high risk just afterwards. Almost all demographic groups experienced a low risk of suicide around the holidays: whites, blacks, males, females, retired persons, and persons of working age. Only white teenagers deviated from this pattern. Thus, the evidence does not support the widespread popular assumption that holidays are a risk factor in suicide. PMID- 3495909 TI - Suicide in America--moving up the public health agenda. AB - Despite improvements in the health of Americans over the last 30 years, the problem of suicide, and its disturbing rise in the last three decades, remains a major American health riddle. Recognizing suicide as a public health concern is essential to discovering strategies to prevent suicide. Such strategies and prevention efforts must be multifaceted, incorporating a number of public health principles and approaches. These approaches include the refinement of epidemiological methods in the study of suicide; development of health education, information, and intervention programs dealing with suicide; and increased community awareness of and participation in all suicide prevention efforts. PMID- 3495910 TI - Suicide in Japan: socioeconomic effects on its secular and seasonal trends. AB - Changes in male and female suicide death rates for 33 years following the end of World War II in Japan were analyzed. The death rates for men and women decreased during periods of economic prosperity and then increased during the years preceding economic depression; that for men also increased after economic depression. When examined by profile analysis, the seasonal variation was slightly but significantly different in the four time periods (1950-1955, 1955 1967, 1967-1974, and 1974-1982) in both sexes except between the last two periods (p less than .05). We suggest that death by suicide and its seasonal variation in Japan were affected by changes in socioeconomic conditions. PMID- 3495911 TI - Concanavalin A-induced electrokinetic changes and redistribution of receptors in mouse thymocytes. AB - Thymocytes are known to consist of mature and immature cells. The assessment of Con A-induced changes in electrophoretic mobilities (EPM) and receptor redistribution in thymocytes of AKR mice revealed two distinct sub-populations of cells. Sub-population A showed receptor redistribution and increase in EPM at low concentrations of Con A (5 micrograms/ml). Majority of these cells showed two sets of sequentially reacting receptor sites for the lectin. Cells belonging to sub-population B, in contrast, required higher concentrations (15-25 micrograms/ml) of Con A for the redistribution of receptors. Second set of receptors, reacting with Con A after the redistribution of the first set, could not be detected on these cells. High concentrations of Con A inhibited receptor mobility on all the thymocytes. The receptor redistributional profile of cells in the sub-population A was similar to that of mature splenic T-cells while cells in sub-population B resembled the immature leukaemic cells in this respect. These investigations provide an additional parameter to study cellular heterogeneity in thymus. PMID- 3495912 TI - The precursor cells of mouse lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. AB - Culture of mouse spleen cells with recombinant human interleukin 2 (r-IL 2) resulted in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, which could lyse a variety of tumor cells. Negative selection study using various kinds of antibodies and complement indicated that LAK precursor cells existed in both mature spleen lymphocytes and immature spleen null cells. LAK cells were also induced from lymph node cells but not from unfractionated thymocytes. However, hydrocortison (HC)-resistant thymocytes or PNA- thymocyte subpopulations were highly responsive to r-IL 2 and maturated into LAK cells after 5 day-culture with r-IL 2. Moreover, it was demonstrated that r-IL 2 allowed the induction of LAK cells from nude mouse spleen cells, but not from bone marrow cells and fetal liver cells. PMID- 3495913 TI - Positive direct antiglobulin test results after intravenous immune globulin administration. AB - The authors report a case of passive red cell sensitization caused by antibodies received during an infusion of intravenous immune globulin. The patient had a positive direct antiglobulin test but showed no signs of hemolysis. The intravenous immune globulin product contained antibodies against four red cell antigens. These adverse reactions should be considered in the laboratory evaluation and clinical care of patients who receive intravenous immune globulin. PMID- 3495914 TI - Initial characterization of humoral IL-2 response inhibition following donor specific transfusions under azathioprine immunosuppression. AB - A previous study indicated that noncompetitive humoral inhibition of IL-2-induced proliferation was a frequent consequence of donor-specific transfusions under azathioprine immunosuppression. In this report, we present our initial characterization of the mode of action and nature of this humoral activity. A direct role for azathioprine seems unlikely since its removal from post-DST+A sera did not eliminate inhibition, nor did addition of azathioprine to normal sera mimic the inhibition by post-DST+A sera. Inhibition of the proliferative response to IL-2 was observed on an individual cell basis after IL-2 stimulation that did not involve a direct effect on DNA synthesis. Inhibition appeared to require optimal IL-2 receptor expression as well as optimal doses of IL-2, suggesting that inhibition is manifested at the postreceptor level. Inhibition could not be removed by reconstitution with normal sera, indicating that post DST+A sera were not deficient in a nominal serum component, which is necessary for optimal proliferation. The inhibitory activity in post-DST+A sera was sensitive to chemical reduction and heat. Inhibition of the response to IL-2 was readily demonstrated using IL-2 responsive human or murine T lymphocytes. However, post-DST+A serum also inhibited proliferation of one of two IL-2 independent cell lines. These results suggest that the inhibitory activity in post-DST+A plasma/serum may be due to the induction of an inhibitor of cell proliferation that is either lacking or "deficient" in normal serum. PMID- 3495915 TI - HLA-A2 in sarcomas: an immunobiologic perspective. PMID- 3495916 TI - [The problem of immune antimutagenic control in cytogenetic damage induced by infectious processes]. AB - The injection of streptolysin-0 into the cultures of human fibroblasts (HF) reliably increased the number of cells with cytogenetic aberrations. The injection of non-immune autologous T-lymphocytes decreased the number of aneuploid HF to the intact state. Homologous lymphocytes, in contrast to autologous T-lymphocytes, had no effect on the level of cytogenetic damaged cells. PMID- 3495917 TI - [Initial stages of the myocardial differentiation of the lymph hearts of frog tadpoles. A study by the methods of electron microscopy and electron microscopic autoradiography]. AB - Using electron microscope autoradiography, a study was made of the ultrastructure of early stages of muscle differentiation and 3H-thymidine (3H-T) labelled cells in the wall of the developing lymph heart of larvae of Rana temporaria L. The mononucleated postmitotic myoblasts with small bundles of thin and thick myofilaments deprived of Z-bodies were found in the lymph heart wall. No thin or intermediate-sized subsarcolemmal filaments were detected in the cytoplasm of these myoblasts. Myosatellites occurred under the basal lamina of muscle cells at stages 41-42. The primitive muscle-nerve junction was found at stages 44-45. Four hours after a single 3H-T administration only mononuclear cells without myofilaments were labelled. If the fixation was made 72 hours after a single 3H-T administration, the label was found, in addition, on the muscle cell nuclei. These data evidence that at the early stages of muscle differentiation in the developing lymph heart wall DNA synthesis and muscle specific protein synthesis are incompatible. PMID- 3495918 TI - [Characteristics of the granules formed in nucleated erythrocytes as affected by cardiotrast]. AB - Numerous granules are formed in frog erythrocytes under the influence of cardiotrast (C) (diethanolamine-3,5-diiodo-4-pyridone-1-acetic acid). However, as revealed by cytospectrophotometric investigation and X-ray microanalysis, no C was accumulated in these granules. It is known that C can dissociate into diethanolamine and 3,5-diiodo-4-pyridone-1-acetic acid. It was assumed that under the influence of C granule formation may occur at the expense of an uncharged diethanolamine form penetrating into lysosome-like structures to be accumulated by protonation process. Diethanolamine was found to provoke granule formation in frog erythrocytes. It is impossible to reveal substance in granules because it is colourless and has no ultraviolet absorbtion band. Under the influence of some inhibitors of energy metabolism on granule formation and the granules formed, their inhibitory effect is exerted on the process of granule formation. In granules isolated by differential centrifugation activity of some marker lysosomal enzymes was found which enabled us to attribute these granules to lysosome-like structures. PMID- 3495920 TI - Soft contact lens wear decreases epithelial microcysts in Meesmann's corneal dystrophy. PMID- 3495919 TI - [Epsilon-aminocaproic acid inhibits the propagation of damage along the nerve fiber]. AB - An inhibitor of proteinases--epsilon-aminocaproic acid--inhibits the propagation of destruction along the muscle fiber isolated from frog m. iliofibularis. It is assumed that generalization of the injury is hampered by a protein precipitate formed at the site of the injury, which is preserved due to inhibition of proteinase activity. PMID- 3495921 TI - [Results of vestibulometric studies in relation to age]. PMID- 3495922 TI - [Profuse hemorrhage after a burn of the stomach]. PMID- 3495924 TI - Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance in adults 20-74 years of age. PMID- 3495923 TI - Propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in dogs. AB - Studies in dogs with an emulsion formulation of the intravenous anaesthetic, propofol, showed that induction of anaesthesia was smooth and it was possible to maintain anaesthesia by intermittent injection. The mean dose for induction of anaesthesia in unpremedicated dogs was 5.95 mg/kg body-weight. When no premedication was administered anaesthesia was maintained by a total dose of approximately 0.806 mg/kg/minute. Premedication with between 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg of acepromazine reduced the mean induction dose by about 30 per cent and the maintenance dose by more than 50 per cent. In 68 unpremedicated dogs given one dose, recovery was complete in a mean time of 18 minutes and after maintenance of anaesthesia by intermittent injection in 65 dogs the mean recovery time was 22 minutes from administration of the last dose. Premedication with acepromazine did not produce statistically significant increases in these recovery times. The quiet, rapid and complete recovery proved to be most valuable in cases where the animal had to be returned to the owners' care with the minimum of delay. PMID- 3495925 TI - [The use of levamisole (decaris) in patients with inoperable lung cancer]. AB - Immunologic vigor and the efficacy of combined treatment (short- and long-term courses of levamisole + chemoradiotherapy) were assessed in 195 cases of inoperable epidermoid cancer of the lung. In some cases, lymphocyte response to levamisole in vitro incubation was studied in a reaction of spontaneous rosette formation with ovine erythrocytes prior to therapy. Shorter courses of levamisole used in combination with chemoradiotherapy were followed, on the average, by a 4 months longer survival. The results obtained make the case for studying lymphocyte response to levamisole in vitro in a reaction of spontaneous rosette formation as a criterion for its administration for lung cancer treatment. PMID- 3495926 TI - [Effect of dietary factor deficiency on the membranotoxic and cytostatic activity of splenocytes]. AB - The influence of alimentary factor deficiency on the membranotoxic and cytostatic action of splenocyte effectors was studied in VAG rats. Four groups of animals were kept on different rations during 60 days: group I received a balanced ration, group II was given a ration with essential amino acid deficiency, group III--with vitamin A and E deficiency, group IV--with essential amino acid and vitamin A and E deficiency (polyimbalance). It was shown that in polyimbalance and vitamin A and E deficiency the membranotoxic and cytostatic activity of splenocytes was decreased, the cytostatic action being more sensitive to the deficiency of these factors. Addition of interleukin-2 to the incubation mixture restored the membranotoxic activity up to the normal level. The immunological parameters studied were not substantially changed in the deficiency of essential amino acids. It is suggested that the disordered T-cell regulatory function of amplifiers, which are the main producers of interleukin-2, is one of the principal mechanisms decreasing the splenocyte membranotoxic activity. PMID- 3495927 TI - [Epidemiology of rheumatic disease]. PMID- 3495928 TI - [Pathogenesis of esophageal-gastric hemorrhages in portal hypertension]. PMID- 3495929 TI - The corticotropin-releasing factor test in the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH secretion. PMID- 3495930 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness and degree of utilization of proctoscopy in the diagnosis of rectal bleeding and disorders of the rhythm of bowel movements]. PMID- 3495931 TI - [Seasonal disposition of gastroduodenal ulcer--legend or reality?]. AB - The seasonal activity of peptic gastroduodenal ulcers was studied on the basis of 17,106 gastroduodenoscopies which were done during a 10 years period. The activity of gastric and duodenal ulcer was increased only in autumn; their number in spring did not deviate from the average. The frequency of bleeding in duodenal ulcers was increased in autumn, whereas the gastric ulcer-bleeding was detected in more patients during winter. According to this examination the regular spring autumn periodicity is not typical for the peptic ulcer. PMID- 3495932 TI - [Determination of biologic aging within the scope of the Halberstadt Gerontologic Study. 5. Correlation of physiologic parameters with calendar and biologic age. 1. Relative cell number of peripheral B and T lymphocytes]. AB - There can occur considerable differences between the individual chronological age and the biological (functional) age of individuals. The relationship between chronological age, biological age and the relative number of T- and B-lymphocytes is examined. Whereas the number of B-lymphocytes does not show a dependence of biological age, the number of T-lymphocytes shows significant modifications dependent of biological age. PMID- 3495933 TI - [Organization of rheumatologic outpatient care in East Germany including epidemiologic aspects]. PMID- 3495934 TI - [Comparative studies of work disability and invalid status caused by rheumatic diseases in Czechoslovakia and East Germany with special reference to trend]. PMID- 3495935 TI - [Effect of soldering fumes with special reference to the respiratory tract- results of an epidemiologic cross-sectional study]. PMID- 3495936 TI - [Physical therapy in inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. AB - The physiotherapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases is interpreted at the instance of the clinical pictures of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and progressive sclerodermia. Issuing from the clinical picture in each case the aim of therapy and the application of physiotherapy are described. For practice it is particularly referred to the significance of the temporary phases of the disease with regard to therapeutic purpose and planning of physiotherapy. PMID- 3495937 TI - [Physical therapy in gastroenterology]. AB - During the last 30 years physiotherapy increased in size and value, is integrated into nearly all subjects of medicine and has its justification and significance like pharmacotherapy. The use of physiotherapy in gastroenterological diseases has in most cases empirical character, though increasingly objectifiable modes of action are proved. Of the massage treatment predominantly the segmental massage, the massages of the connective tissue and the treatment of the colon are therapeutically effective in gastroenterology. Electrotherapeutically, ultrasound and infrared may be used. The field of therapy for short-wave and exciting current is narrowed in gastroenterological diseases. Good results of treatment are obtained with peloid packs, which, however, above all are yielded in the health-resort. In chronic gastroenterological diseases more attention should be paid to kinetotherapy and it should more frequently be used. It not anyway acts only on the locomotor system, but always on the general organism, especially on the vegetative functional system and should be prescribed particularly in rehabilitation after a long stay in sick-bed. In its variety the group therapy concerns the general organism physically and psychically and has above all a vegetative regulation effect. PMID- 3495938 TI - [Diffuse intestinal polyangiomatosis as a cause of recurrent intestinal hemorrhage. Report of an unusual case]. AB - We observed a 38-year-old Italian male with recurrent intestinal bleeding and consecutive iron-deficient anemia. For search of the source of bleeding intensive clinical, endoscopic and radiological investigations had been performed. Multiple malformations of superior mesenteric artery with abnormal vascularisation of jejunum and ileum were established angiographically. In addition the lumen of small bowel loops was dilated and enlarged mucosa folds were found. Because of a prominent vascularized area in the cecum a resection of the right hemicolon had been performed with consecutive death of the patient. The post mortem investigation revealed dilated mesenteric arteries, multiple cavernous hemangiomata in the mesenterium, in the wall of the small bowel and solitary in the large bowel. Additionally angiodysplasias, phlebectasias, lymphangiectasias, and lymphangiomata in the large bowel and in the mesenterium were found. "Diffuse intestinal polyangiomatosis" is the proposed term of the syndrome consisting of recurrent intestinal bleeding and multiple intestinal vascular malformations. PMID- 3495939 TI - [Pathogenesis and epidemiology of infection with delta hepatitis virus]. PMID- 3495940 TI - [Immunoregulatory abnormalities in endogenous eczema (atopic dermatitis)]. PMID- 3495941 TI - [Diffuse gastropathy and gastritis--a main or secondary finding concerning the cause of death?]. AB - On the basis of the autopsy results in three cases, extensive pathomorphological changes were demonstrated in the stomach, such as Menetrier's disease and diffuse superficial gastritis. For these cases of sudden death, no cause could be found that could be verified by morphological or toxicological means. Analogous to clinical experience on the protein deficiency syndrome and food allergies and based on the knowledge that the intestinal tract also represents an immune organ, as well as the finding of diffuse changes in the gastric mucosa ideas have been developed regarding hypersensitive immunological reactions which might have not only local but also systemic effects comparable with anaphylactic reactions of different origins. Diffuse gastropathy or gastritis should not simply be assessed as a secondary finding. If other explanations are lacking and there are indications of intensive cellular immune reactions, the possibility arises of reconstructing lethal pathophysiological mechanisms. PMID- 3495942 TI - [Roentgenology in rheumatology]. AB - The paper takes a retrospective view back to the historical beginning of roentgenology. The development of radiology of bone and joints is high-lighted with special respect of rheumatology. Completeness was not intended regarding the size of this paper. It is shown, especially to our younger colleagues, how hard it was in the past 90 years to achieve our today-knowledge in x-ray-diagnostic. Three factors determined Roentgenology to become an indispensable method. The continuing development and improving of efficient x-ray-machines. The development and improving of investigation methods. The scientific workup of radiological signs leading to radiomorphologic features. Some milestones of technical development of conventional radiology are listed up. Also, innovations in microelectronics. Computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance are listed up. Remarks are made about costs of "big machines" and about declining knowledge in conventional radiology in young american radiologists. Recommendations are made for efficient collaboration of rheumatologists and radiologists. PMID- 3495944 TI - [Massive hemorrhage in Crohn disease--a rare complication]. AB - Acute massive intestinal bleeding is a rare complication in Crohn's disease. Its occurrence has been quoted between one and 1.4 per cent in the literature, and it has been about two per cent among the authors' own patients. Reported in this paper are three of these cases with acute bleeding as indicator of the disease. In one of them the presence of Crohn's disease had been known for some time. In the second bleeding occurred as a complication to toxic megacolon. In the third patient bleeding was the first manifestation of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3495943 TI - [Intramural duodenal hematoma in children]. AB - An account is given of problems implied in diagnosis of intramural duodenal haematoma, with reference being made to three of the author's patients in childhood. The event is rare and may develop in the wake of slight traumatisation. Conservative treatment is possible. Yet, laparotomy is indicated in dubious situations for surgical removal of extravasation and, possibly, duodenal support. PMID- 3495945 TI - [Bacterial vaginitis within the scope of gynecologic consultation]. AB - Examinations about bacterial vaginosis have been done in 384 fertile women according the following diagnostic criteria: Homogenous gray flour, typical fish smelling, clue cells and pH of 5 in vaginal content. Clue cells could be detected in 233 (60.6 per cent) women. Bacterial vaginosis with three of the above mentioned criteria could be found in 40.4 per cent. The cure rate following oral metronidazole therapy (twice daily 500 mg metronidazole for 5 days) was 75.2 per cent. In cases with therapy failure or frequent recurrences treatment of sexual partners is indicated, because bacterial vaginosis is a sexually transmitted disease. PMID- 3495946 TI - [Effect of the epiphysis and hypophysis on the circadian organization of the wakefulness-primary sleep cycle in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Using continuous non-contact registration of the heart rate and motor activity in unrestrained frogs, studies have been made of the effects of hypophysectomy and epiphysectomy on functional state of the organism. It was shown that removal of the epiphysis alleviates the circadian physiological rhythm of natural changes of functional states in wakefulness-primary sleep cycle, whereas removal of the hypophysis results in additional cyclic rhythm of two functional states in the diurnal periodicity of the behaviour. The latter effect is considered to be the ultradian rhythm, which in the intact animals is masked by the circadian one modulated by natural diurnal illumination. It is suggested that removal of the epiphysis reveals endogenous rhythm of the activity typical of periodic regimes of the spontaneous excitation at early stages of ontogenesis. PMID- 3495947 TI - [Experience with the reflexotherapy of diskogenic pain syndromes]. AB - The article presents the results of examination of 304 patients with vertebral osteochondrosis and diskogenic pain who have been subjected to multiple-modality treatment (226 of them had various neurosurgical interventions) including acupuncture and drug therapy. Favourable therapeutic effect was achieved in 72% of the cases. Seventy patients were followed up. The authors present recommendations on the use of acupuncture in practical neurosurgery for the treatment of diskogenic pain. PMID- 3495948 TI - Comparison of the postoperative changes in the humoral and cellular immune activity in septic and non-septic colorectal cancer patients. AB - The effect of sepsis on the host resistance of 34 colorectal cancer patients with normal preoperative immune reactivity was studied. A significant change (p less than 0.01) was found in the IgG level of the septic patients (n = 13) when comparing their values with those of the non-septic patients (n = 21), on the third and 7th days postoperatively. There was no appreciable change in the IgA and IgM levels. The E rosette formation and the blast transformation values of the patients showed a marked decrease on the 7th day postoperatively. In the non septic patients the normal initial values reappeared on the 10th postoperative day, while in the septic cases they significantly decreased as compared to both their own values and to those of the non-septic patients assessed during the same period (p less than 0.05). The possible factors serving for the prevention of decrease in the resistance of the host organism, are discussed. PMID- 3495949 TI - Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining of effusions for ruling out tuberculosis. PMID- 3495950 TI - Evidence for an androgen receptor in porcine Leydig cells. AB - Cytosol and nuclear androgen receptor concentrations were measured in freshly prepared and cultured Leydig cells of immature pig testis with exchange assays using [3H]methyltrienolone as labelled ligand. Androgen receptors in Leydig cells had high affinity for [3H]methyltrienolone and steroid binding specificity typical of an androgen receptor. The mean receptor concentrations were 76 fmol/mg protein and 210 fmol/mg DNA for cytosol and nuclei, respectively. In sucrose gradients, cytosol androgen receptors sedimented in the 4 S region. The cells maintained androgen receptors under culture conditions. Exposure of cultured cells to [3H]methyltrienolone (10 nmol/l) resulted in accumulation of androgen receptors in the nuclei with maximal uptake by 1 h. We conclude that methyltrienolone binding sites with characteristics of androgen receptors were identified in both cytosol and nuclei of porcine Leydig cells. PMID- 3495951 TI - Type-specific in vitro growth patterns of multilineage hemopoietic progenitors in myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID- 3495952 TI - The role of interleukin-3 in the proliferation of murine mast cells in vitro. PMID- 3495953 TI - Normalization of the stress-induced cardiac rhythm disturbances by activation of the positive emotiogenic area of the lateral hypothalamus in the rabbit. AB - Results of experiments indicated, that activation of the positive emotiogenic areas of the lateral hypothalamus abolished what may be considered emotionally induced cardiovascular disturbances. The by immobilization and hypothalamic defence area stimulation provoked increase of blood pressure and heart rate returned to control values, the giant T waves of ECG and dysrhythmias if present disappeared. The morphological abnormalities in the subcellular structures of the myocardium due to prolonged stress stimulation, could not be annulled by the evoked positive emotions. On the other hand the activation of the positive emotiogenic area of the hypothalamus preceded and overlapped with that of the defence area and immobilization, it prevented the functional as well as morphological cardiovascular changes. PMID- 3495955 TI - Chloride-dependence of the actions of phlorizin on frog skeletal muscle membrane. AB - The effects of phlorizin on the membrane potential changes induced by cevadine were compared in the presence and absence of external chloride anions in frog skeletal muscle. The action of the drug on 24Na-efflux was also studied in chloride-free medium. In accordance with previous results, it was found that phlorizin reduced the frequency of the membrane potential oscillation (1 mmol/l) or fully inhibited the rhythmic activity (2 mmol/l) in the presence of chloride anions. Replacing the total chloride content of bathing fluid with non penetrating anions (glutamate, isethionate or sulphate) the inhibitory action of phlorizin on the membrane potential oscillation failed to appear while it reappeared rapidly if the chloride ions were partially restored in the incubating medium. The membrane potential changes evoked by changing the chloride concentration of Ringer solution at constant [K]0 were more expressed in the presence of phlorizin. The action of phlorizin on 24Na-transport proved to be a chloride-independent phenomenon. This finding indicates that the inhibitory effect of phlorizin on Na-transport processes may not be the reason of its blocking action on membrane potential oscillation. Furthermore, it suggests that failure of the drug to inhibit the membrane potential oscillation in the absence of chloride anions may not be accounted for the lack of phlorizin-binding under those circumstances. It is therefore assumed that the increase in chloride conductance may play a causal role in the inhibitory effect of phlorizin on membrane potential oscillation. PMID- 3495954 TI - Effects of phlorizin and phloretin on passive and dynamic electrical properties in muscle membrane. AB - The effects of phlorizin and phloretin on the cable properties were investigated in frog sartorius muscle by conventional cable analysis. Actions of phloretin on voltage-dependent ionic conductances were also studied by analysis of the phase plane trajectories. Both drugs evoked a significant decrease in specific membrane resistance (Rm) in chloride-containing Ringer's solution. The linear membrane capacitance increased by about 30%. On the contrary, in the presence of the non penetrating anion, glutamate, a slight increase in Rm was induced by phlorizin. It is suggested that these drugs may increase the chloride conductance in the muscle membrane. Under the effect of phloretin the resting membrane potential remained unchanged but the amplitude of the action potential was lowered and the rate of repolarization was significantly reduced. The rate of depolarization during the "foot" of the action potential and the conduction velocity calculated from the rate constant of depolarization decreased. The maximum Na conductance was not altered by phloretin but K conductance was reduced. The time constant (tau K) reflecting the kinetic properties of K conductance was increased about seven-fold. It is suggested that great importance may be attributed to the dipole properties of these drugs in the actions presented above. PMID- 3495956 TI - The role of female autonomy in suicide among Portuguese women. AB - Our purpose has been to verify whether and in what way female autonomy may contribute to change the importance of variables once seeming to influence the suicide of Portuguese women. The suicide rates in both sexes in Portugal and the district and city of Lisbon (the capital of the district) was surveyed from 1950 to 1968 and from 1969 to 1983, over the decades of the 1950's, 60's and 70's and the period 1980-83 and related to age, seasons, marital status, and number of children of married women. Since 1977, female suicide rates have risen significantly in Portugal and the district of Lisbon, both in total and in age groups which are professionally active; unmarried, and married and childless women achieve more. The rising trend of suicides in spring and summer is confirmed and resembles the male seasonal variation. The growing independence of Portuguese women is still not widely reflected in their suicide rates, but it seems plausible to anticipate that, without the reality of children, women's rates would gradually approach those of men. PMID- 3495957 TI - Age at onset of affective disorders in Italian and Swedish patients. AB - Variability of age at onset in affective disorder is a complex event where several variables play a role, resulting in a detectable observed distribution which can be viewed as related to the structural mechanism of the disease. To confirm previous results on factors affecting the distribution of onset in affective disorders, we studied its distribution pattern in two different populations, Italian and Swedish, with an analytic approach that does not require specifications of any a priori hypothesis. The findings in this study, however, tend to confirm the biological nature of the age of onset phenomenon and to exclude cultural determinants. On the other hand, it does not exclude that other factors, not considered in this study, may be operating. This result is very important under the hypothesis of a genetic ethiopathogenesis of affective disorders, and some of its implications are discussed. PMID- 3495958 TI - Schizophrenia: lifetime co-morbidity in a community sample. AB - Twenty persons with schizophrenia were identified in a community sample of 2144 adult household residents interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The hierarchy-free lifetime prevalence for a variety of psychiatric disorders is compared in those with and without schizophrenia. Those with schizophrenia were found to have increased chances of having other disorders, all except one having had at least one other disorder. Major depressive episodes, obsessive compulsive disorder, phobia, alcohol abuse/dependence and drug abuse/dependence, each occurred in over half of the schizophrenics, and panic disorder, antisocial personality, and mania were each found in one sixth to one quarter of the schizophrenics. Although current diagnostic systems generally lack an empirical basis for hierarchies, the practical significance of co-morbidity must be determined from outcome studies, familial morbid risk data and possible differential effects of treatments. PMID- 3495959 TI - The vascular defect in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). PMID- 3495960 TI - Autoantibodies to nuclear proteins and ribonucleoprotein. PMID- 3495961 TI - [Depression and anxiety: differential sociodemographic profiles in the general population]. PMID- 3495962 TI - Adolescent marijuana use: screening and ethics. AB - Adolescent marijuana use is an issue of concern to the entire community. The emergence of technology that can identify marijuana use poses questions relating to public health issues such as justification and extension of screening. This article discusses the moral issues relating to surveillance of adolescent marijuana use and postulates a justification for clinical screening. PMID- 3495963 TI - Dietary fat and neoplasia--the role of net energy in enhancement of carcinogenesis: effects of fat and calories on the immune system. AB - The mechanism by which carcinogenesis is enhanced by dietary fat is not understood. We know that a minimum level of essential fatty acids (EFA) is necessary for mammary tumor development and that this level probably exceeds the normal requirements of rats. Once the minimum level of EFA has been supplied, the calorie contribution of dietary fat may account for its enhancement of carcinogenesis. In this regard, we must recognize that the efficiency with which dietary energy is utilized is known to increase as the fat content of the diet is raised. Hence even when fed isocalorically to low fat diets, high fat diets will provide more net energy. Modulation of host immunity has been proposed as a mechanism of action of both fat and calorie intake on neoplasia. We review the literature examining the effects of fat and calories on the cell-mediated immune system, that arm of the immune system most directly responsible for the killing of neoplastic cells. PMID- 3495964 TI - [Age-related changes in the corneal curvature]. PMID- 3495965 TI - [The effects of topically applied drugs on the abraded rabbit cornea]. PMID- 3495966 TI - [Adverse effect of iodine contrast media]. AB - We performed a survey on the iodide test and its adverse effects on a series of 829 DIP patients who had taken the test at our clinic between November, 1984 and August, 1985. Adverse effects were seen in four out of nineteen positive cases of the iodide test. Among the negative 810 cases, 79 were found to present with adverse effects though not statistically significant. Twenty-six out of 131 cases of positive past history of allergy showed a positive reaction whereas 55 out of 698 negative cases showed adverse effects, with a statistical significance at p less than 0.01. The adverse reaction occurred immediately after injection in the majority of cases and in 85%, the reaction was seen after injection of half of the drug. Symptoms also appeared thirty minutes after injection in some cases. Immunological evaluation of the allergy was done in fifteen positive cases. Four cases showed an increase in peripheral eosinophils, three cases showed increased IgE(RIST) and three cases manifested with a decreased CH 50. Urografin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis (DLST) was positive in six cases. Four cases showed abnormality in more than two tested parameters, and three cases showed complete normal values in all tests. The adverse effects due to contrast medium are considered to occur not as one type or allergic reaction, but to involve other factors as delayed-type reaction which was also seen in 40% of the patients. Close observation of patients after examination with contrast medium is thus mandatory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3495967 TI - Symptomatic intraspinal synovial cysts: opacification and treatment by percutaneous injection. AB - Intraspinal synovial cysts are usually located in the lower lumbar spine in association with osteoarthritis of the facet joints, and they are most accurately diagnosed by using CT. Surgical removal of intraspinal synovial cysts implicated in the development of radiculopathy has resulted in symptomatic relief. A nonoperative method of treatment consists of CT-guided needle placement into the facet joint adjacent to the cyst, followed by injection of contrast material to show communication between the joint and the cyst and injection of corticosteroids. Three outpatients were treated in this fashion without complications. Complete relief of symptoms was achieved in two cases and partial relief was achieved in one. Follow-up CT scans performed 2 months after the procedure showed no change in the size of the cysts in two of the patients. A 6 month follow-up CT scan in the third patient, however, showed significant improvement in cyst size. These preliminary results suggest that this procedure is an alternative to surgical management of intraspinal synovial cysts. PMID- 3495968 TI - CT for determining the results of treatment of fractures of the wrist. AB - Eighteen CT examinations of the wrist were performed in 13 patients to evaluate the results of treatment for carpal fractures. In four cases with metal objects and in seven with cast materials, there was no difficulty achieving adequate CT studies. In 13 cases CT was found to be helpful in determining bony union in the presence of advanced osteoporosis. In six cases CT was excellent in evaluating bone-graft incorporation. CT affords improved detection of fractures perpendicular to the plane of the scan and also shows small areas of bone disruption, even with osteoporosis. Axial CT images can evaluate Lister's tubercle, a bony prominence on the dorsum of the distal radius, for hypertrophy, which can occur secondary to traumatic and degenerative changes. A hypertrophied tubercle can impinge on the extensor pollicis longus tendon and cause atrophy and disruption. The high cost of CT is offset by the possibility of reducing the patient's period of immobilization and, thereby, the length of time the patient is unable to participate in normal activities. In addition, since CT is often definitive, the number of supplemental or follow-up radiologic procedures or clinical appointments should be reduced. We conclude that CT is useful in evaluating the results of treatment of wrist injuries. PMID- 3495969 TI - The apical oblique view of the shoulder: its usefulness in acute trauma. AB - A retrospective analysis of the radiographs of the shoulder in 511 patients examined for acute trauma was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the apical oblique view (45 degrees posterior oblique with 45 degrees caudal angulation of the central ray). Each study included anteroposterior, transthoracic lateral, and scapular "Y" (60 degrees anterior oblique) views as well as the apical oblique projection. Radiographic evidence of injury detected on each view was recorded. The apical oblique view detected 153 (81%) of the 190 injuries. Twenty abnormalities were seen only in this view. These included 11 glenoid rim fractures, seven Hill-Sachs lesions, one posterior subluxation, and one case of soft-tissue calcification. Additional clinically useful information, such as fracture extension into the joint space and displacement of clavicular fracture fragments, was also uniquely provided in this view. The anteroposterior view was more effective than the apical oblique view in detecting acute shoulder injuries, showing 168 (88%) injuries. However, the two views were often complementary, and in this series, if only the anteroposterior and apical oblique views had been obtained, 188 of 190 injuries would have been seen. The results show that the apical oblique view is useful for the detection of shoulder injuries. PMID- 3495970 TI - The widened teardrop distance: a plain film indicator of hip joint effusion in adults. AB - The teardrop distance is defined as the distance from the lateral margin of the pelvic teardrop to the most medial aspect of the femoral head as seen on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. The structure responsible for the teardrop is the anteroinferior portion of the acetabular fossa with contributions from the ischium and from the superior pubic ramus. Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 10 patients with documented cases of unilateral hip effusion were retrospectively evaluated for teardrop distance widening on the affected side. Proof of the presence of hip effusion was based on the results of percutaneous hip joint aspirations as described in the patient's medical records. A teardrop distance widening of 1 mm or more was always consistent with hip joint fluid. In addition, radiographs from 20 patients with no known hip abnormalities were reviewed as a control population. These showed side-to-side symmetry in 16 cases (80%) and widening of less than 1 mm in the remaining four cases (20%). Thus, hip joint effusion in adults can be accurately diagnosed from plain radiographs in the presence of a teardrop asymmetry of 1 mm or more and in the absence of degenerative joint disease. PMID- 3495971 TI - Antibiotic-containing acrylic beads: radiographic appearances. PMID- 3495972 TI - Peroneal tendon injury associated with calcaneal fractures: CT findings. AB - Injury to the peroneal tendons is one of the major long-term complications of intraarticular calcaneal fractures and heretofore has been difficult to diagnose by noninvasive radiography. Retrospective review of CT scans of 24 intraarticular calcaneal fractures, obtained shortly after injury, identified 22 cases (92%) of acute peroneal tendon abnormalities. In most of these cases, multiple findings were present. These included lateral displacement in 14 (58%) of 24, impingement by bony fragments in eight (33%), subluxation or dislocation in six (25%), soft tissue masses around the tendons representing hematomas or early scar tissue in five (21%), and entrapment of the tendons in three (13%). In 10 cases with long term follow-up, impingement on the tendons by bony fragments correlated well with the subsequent development of peroneal tenosynovitis, while hematoma around the tendons or lateral displacement of the tendons was clinically insignificant. Thus, CT in the immediate postfracture period, can be used to detect and categorize acute peroneal tendon injuries as well as possibly to predict the likelihood and nature of subsequent development of peroneal tenosynovitis. PMID- 3495973 TI - Giant cyst of the seminal vesicle with renal agenesis. PMID- 3495974 TI - CSF pulsations within nonneoplastic spinal cord cysts. AB - Because of its sensitivity to fluid motion, MR imaging was used to investigate fluid dynamics in syringomyelia. Three major findings characterized syringomyelia: pulsatile fluid in cysts, nonpulsatile fluid in cysts, and damaged cord tissue. The fluid in preoperative syrinx cavities pulsated in a fashion similar to subarachnoid CSF. Pulsation was more prominent in large cysts but was also seen in small cysts. Nonpulsatile cysts were generally of smaller diameter, were shorter in length, and often were single; they could, however, coexist with pulsatile cysts. Nonpulsatile cysts had etiologies similar to those of pulsatile cysts: Chiari malformation, trauma, and unknown. Damaged cord, characterized by abnormal high signal on T2-weighted sequences, was seen in 15 of 16 patients and could be either focal or diffuse but was always adjacent to syrinx cavities. Postsurgical MR scans had a lower incidence of pulsatile cysts. In five patients with both pre- and postoperative MR scans, shunting of the cyst reduced the size of the pulsating cyst (two patients) or reduced the size of the cyst and eliminated pulsation altogether (three patients). Axial, T2-weighted images are recommended in the investigation of spinal cord cysts to determine the presence or absence of pulsatile fluid. The presence of pulsation indicates a nonneoplastic cyst. The absence or reduction of CSF pulsation may prove to be a valuable indicator of the success of a shunting procedure. PMID- 3495975 TI - MR imaging of pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary emboli. AB - Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries on spin-echo, ECG-gated MR images is limited to the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle in normal subjects. Initial experience has indicated that signal persisting during systole may be characteristic of slow blood flow associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or of thrombotic material secondary to pulmonary embolism. This study analyzes our cumulative experience (31 patients) with multiphasic, double spin echo MR for assessing PAH and/or suspected pulmonary embolism. In PAH, the abnormal systolic signal showed an intensity increase from first to second echo. This pattern was observed in 92% of PAH patients, including 100% of patients with pulmonary systolic pressures greater than or equal to 80 mm Hg and 60% of patients with pressures less than 80 mm Hg. At any focus in the pulmonary arteries, such signal disappeared at some phase of the cardiac cycle. In patients with pulmonary embolism, signal from thrombus was fixed throughout the cardiac cycle and showed little or no increase in relative intensity change from first- to second-echo image. Using this guideline, MR made six confirmed positive and four confirmed negative diagnoses of proximal pulmonary embolism, while it failed to identify thrombus in the one patient with a peripheral pulmonary embolism. Intraluminal signal in the pulmonary arteries caused by PAH or pulmonary embolism can be differentiated in most instances using multiphasic, double spin-echo, ECG gated MR. However, at its current stage of development, the procedure does not appear to be useful for the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary embolism. PMID- 3495976 TI - Differentiation of intramedullary neoplasms and cysts by MR. AB - To determine the MR criteria that are effective for differentiating intramedullary neoplasms from syringo- or hydromyelia, we reviewed MR scans made on prototype and commercial imagers of 33 patients with surgically confirmed cord abnormalities, including nine intramedullary neoplasms and 20 cysts (syringo- or hydromyelia). Two radiologists who did not know the clinical and radiologic diagnoses were asked to evaluate the scans with respect to cord expansion, distinctness of the disease margin, homogeneity, and signal intensity. These observations were correlated with the proved diagnoses. The combination of distinct margins and uniform signal intensity equal to that of CSF correlated consistently (88%) with spinal cord cysts. Other combinations were less reliable for diagnosing a cyst or tumor. PMID- 3495977 TI - Radiation effects on cerebral white matter: MR evaluation. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the white-matter changes associated with cranial radiation by MR imaging. The MR scans of 95 patients receiving conventional external beam radiation for a wide variety of central nervous system tumors were reviewed. Moderately T2-weighted spin-echo images with a 2000-msec repetition time and 56-msec-echo time were analyzed for white-matter abnormalities without knowledge of the patient's history. These were correlated with radiation dose, port, and time interval since completion of therapy, and then compared with an age-matched control group of 180 patients with nonirradiated, space-occupying, intracranial lesions. Radiation-related lesions were characterized as symmetric, high-signal foci in the periventricular white matter. Relative sparing of the posterior fossa, basal ganglia, and internal capsules was noted. In patients older than 20 years, these changes paralleled those seen in ischemia but were more prevalent (p less than .005). In 25 patients with sequential MR scans, these findings remained stable. In those patients with limited treatment fields, for example, pituitary adenomas, no statistical differences were seen between radiation-treated and nontreated groups. Cerebral white-matter changes that mimic deep white-matter infarction are frequently seen in response to therapeutic radiation. There is a variable incidence of radiation effects, becoming more marked in older patients. MR interpretation must consider the neuropathologic consequences of therapeutic radiation, which include demyelination, microvascular occlusion, and blood-brain barrier breakdown. PMID- 3495978 TI - Radiographic characteristics of skull fractures resulting from child abuse. AB - Radiographic characteristics of skull fractures in 39 cases of documented child abuse were compared with skull fractures in 95 cases of accidental injury to determine if differential features could be identified. All children were less than 2 years old. Emergency room and hospital records for these patients were also reviewed. The results of this study show that clinical features did not provide any clues as to whether the children had been injured by abuse or by accident. However, it was found that multiple fractures, bilateral fractures, and fractures crossing sutures occurred significantly more often in abuse cases than in accidental injury. When such fractures are present, abuse should be suspected. PMID- 3495979 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the portal vein. PMID- 3495980 TI - Transcatheter occlusion of a profunda femoral artery pseudoaneurysm using thrombin. PMID- 3495981 TI - A computerized filing system for radiology teaching cases. PMID- 3495982 TI - Computer-aided design and realization of scientific exhibits in radiology. PMID- 3495983 TI - Diagnostic imaging interpretation: comprehensiveness means quality. PMID- 3495984 TI - Ruptured appendix in rabbit model. PMID- 3495985 TI - An improved method for viewing small-format images on standard viewboxes. PMID- 3495986 TI - The radiology of aging: a new subspeciality? PMID- 3495987 TI - Pulmonary complications of cytosine-arabinoside therapy: radiographic findings. AB - Sixty-four patients underwent 66 remission induction courses with intermediate dose cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Ara-C was administered in combination with amsacrine with or without VP16-213 and prednisone. After complete remission was achieved, 27 patients received 38 consolidation courses consisting of high-dose Ara-C either alone or in combination with amsacrine with or without VP16-213 and prednisone. Seven (11%) of 66 induction courses and eight (21%) of 38 consolidation courses were complicated by respiratory failure that was considered a pulmonary reaction to Ara-C therapy. The initial findings on chest radiographs in the 15 cases included a diffuse interstitial pattern (two), a mixed interstitial-alveolar pattern (eight), an alveolar pattern (three), and a normal pattern (two). In 11 cases, the abnormalities were diffuse throughout both lungs with a preference for the lower lobes in five. The changes were localized in two cases. A small pleural effusion was observed in two patients. In the majority of cases, the initial radiographic changes progressed to a predominantly alveolar pattern. Thirteen patients recovered clinically within 2-9 days, and two patients died of pulmonary complications. Radiologic recovery took 7-21 days. Rapid regression of alveolar consolidations within 3-7 days was the first sign of radiologic improvement. The interstitial pattern gradually regressed. We conclude that the spectrum of radiologic abnormalities in cases of pulmonary reaction to Ara-C therapy includes diffuse interstitial, mixed interstitial-alveolar, or alveolar pulmonary changes. PMID- 3495988 TI - Paracardiac adenopathy: CT evaluation. AB - To establish the normal CT appearance of lymph nodes in the paracardiac area, we reviewed the CT scans of 50 patients without known malignancy or benign causes of lymphadenopathy. Five patients (10%) showed soft-tissue densities in the paracardiac region. The largest of these measured 3.5 mm. No more than two rounded soft-tissue densities were seen in any of the normal CT studies. Forty five patients with paracardiac adenopathy were subsequently evaluated. In 27 (60%) of these the masses were due to either carcinoma, sarcoma, or benign disease. In 40%, the cause of paracardiac adenopathy was lymphoma. Features that favor a diagnosis of lymphoma are bilateral disease, multiple nodes, nodes greater than 2 cm in diameter, a lobulated or "matted" appearance, and associated pericardial thickening/effusion. Chest radiographs obtained within 2 weeks of the CT scans in 38 patients revealed only nine cases in which a paracardiac mass could be seen. This study suggests that 1 cm is the upper limit for the diameter of lymph nodes in the paracardiac region, and that paracardiac adenopathy may be caused by a wide variety of nonlymphomatous malignant and benign diseases in addition to lymphoma. Compared with CT, chest radiographs are insensitive for detecting paracardiac lymph node enlargement. PMID- 3495989 TI - Mammographic changes after reduction mammoplasty. AB - Mammograms obtained in 24 patients after reduction mammoplasty were reviewed retrospectively to define the mammographic findings seen after this procedure. Nine characteristics were found. The most frequent findings were skin thickening and retraction of the lower portion of the breast, transposition of breast parenchyma from a high to a low position, and a high nipple. The image characteristics were then correlated with the surgical type of mammoplasty performed, that is, dermal transposition of the nipple vs full-thickness nipple areolar graft. All patients who had dermal transposition had complete or partial preservation of continuity between the subareolar ducts and the nipple. Patients who had nipple-areolar grafts showed either disruption of the subareolar ducts or very fatty breasts without visible ductal tissue. Reduction mammoplasty produces characteristic and predictable mammographic changes. PMID- 3495990 TI - Localization of breast lesions identified on only one mammographic view. AB - Occasionally, a breast lesion is visible in only one mammographic projection. A simplified method of using parallax in a dedicated mammographic system has been devised to locate accurately lesions that are not visible in two orthogonal projections. In eight patients, a parallax approach from essentially a single mammographic position was used to place a hookwire preoperatively at nonpalpable suspicious abnormalities detected by mammography. Needles were inserted parallel to the chest wall while the breast was compressed in the mammographic unit. In each case, the tissue containing the lesion was pierced by a needle chosen to be longer than the distance from the skin to the abnormality. Simple geometric ratios were used to determine the position of the lesion along the needle shaft after slightly changing the mammographic projection and viewing the needle obliquely. In all cases, this parallax approach permitted accurate localization of the lesion. PMID- 3495991 TI - Preoperative needle localization of lesions in the lower half of the breast: needle entry from below. AB - For preoperative localization of lesions in the lower part of the breast, an inferior approach provides the shortest skin-to-lesion distance. This paper describes the successful inferior approach in 48 of 49 consecutive localizations. No special grid localization device is needed. This technique permits accurate localization of small foci of microcalcifications and other nonpalpable breast lesions. PMID- 3495992 TI - Radiographic appearance of mucosal dysplasia associated with ulcerative colitis. AB - The radiographic appearance of dysplasia, a precancerous histologic change that is frequently present in colitic colons at high risk for cancer, was analyzed. Over a 5-year period, 170 patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis participated in a cancer surveillance program at our institution. On entry, all patients underwent radiography with a double-contrast barium enema and colonoscopy with multiple random biopsies. All radiographs were reviewed retrospectively and were correlated with the colonoscopic and histologic findings. Dysplasia, ranging from mild to severe, was found in the biopsy specimens from 26 (15%) of these patients (in 59 different regions). Thirteen of the 26 patients with dysplasia had colectomies, and the specimens were available for review. Most dysplasia is not radiographically visible, as was the case in 40 (68%) of the 59 regions found histologically to have dysplasia. In the 19 regions in which dysplasia was visible radiographically, it appeared as a solitary nodule or as several separate nodules in 11 (19%) of the 59 regions or as a close grouping of multiple adjacent nodules with apposed, flattened edges in 8 (14%) of the 59 regions. The radiographic finding of a nodule or of several separate nodules was not specific because these nodules were indistinguishable from the inflammatory nodules often present in colitic colons. On the other hand, the radiographic finding of a close grouping of adjacent nodules with apposed, flattened edges was associated with dysplasia 50% of the time. This radiographic appearance was seen in five of our 26 patients who had dysplasia. Our study shows that barium examinations are useful in some patients with chronic ulcerative colitis by suggesting the presence of dysplasia and directing the endoscopist to specific locations for biopsy. PMID- 3495993 TI - Percutaneous drainage of periappendiceal abscesses: review of 20 patients. AB - Twenty patients with periappendiceal abscesses diagnosed by CT underwent percutaneous catheter drainage. Eighteen (90%) of the 20 patients were successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy alone. In two of these patients, however, small recurrent abscesses were diagnosed by CT 4 and 6 weeks after drainage, but these abscesses resolved with additional antibiotic therapy. Surgery was performed in two patients in whom percutaneous drainage failed. One was a diabetic patient who had a gas-forming abscess that extended into the posterior pararenal space. Surgery was necessary in a second patient because of a technical failure of catheter insertion, which resulted in perforation of the abscess cavity and peritonitis. Abscess sinograms in eight (44%) of 18 patients showed fistulas between the abscess cavity and the base of the cecum or appendix. However, the fistulas did not pose a problem in clinical management, and all closed within 14 days. Percutaneous drainage is an effective alternative to surgery in selected patients with periappendiceal abscesses. PMID- 3495994 TI - Performance of barium examinations after acute myocardial infarction: report of a survey. AB - A survey of members of the Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists was conducted to ascertain the standards of practice and timing for elective barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Sixty-two percent of respondents do not have cardiac monitoring apparatus readily available in the fluoroscopy suite. When readily available, such equipment is rarely (42%) or never (58%) used during routine barium examinations. Twenty-four percent of respondents take special precautions when performing examinations on these patients by reducing patient movement, the length of the examination, and the number of radiographs exposed, and by employing cardiac monitoring. Seventy-two (89%) of 81 respondents noted at least one adverse cardiovascular reaction. This was most often chest pain, but there were 10 deaths from cardiac causes. Two-thirds of respondents delay elective barium examinations of any kind for at least 4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. The remaining one-third perform these studies earlier than 4 weeks. The latter typically limit their studies to the upper gastrointestinal tract (82%), 42% of which are single-contrast; the rest are equally divided between double-contrast and biphasic studies. This minority of radiologists is twice as likely to perform a single-contrast barium enema than a double-contrast barium enema during this period. No such preference for single-contrast (47%) over double-contrast (53%) barium enema is revealed by the majority who delay their elective barium enemas 4 or more weeks. The data indicate a strong preference to defer elective barium examinations a minimum of 4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. A sizable minority (one-third) of radiologists, however, feel comfortable performing a single-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination at an earlier time. PMID- 3495995 TI - CT of giant cavernous hemangioma. AB - Giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas are clinically distinct from smaller asymptomatic ones and may be confused with primary or metastatic malignancy. Hemangiomas exceeding 8 cm in diameter (mean, 13.7 cm) were studied in eight women 28-71 years old, six of whom presented with right upper quadrant discomfort and/or hepatomegaly. On unenhanced CT, seven of the masses were less dense than surrounding normal liver and one was slightly more dense than adjacent fatty liver. All masses contained additional stellate or cleftlike low-density zones, and two contained calcification. After bolus IV contrast administration, all exhibited early peripheral enhancement and partial centripetal isodense fill-in. None became completely isodense on delayed scans. Familiarity with these CT characteristics and a high index of suspicion should facilitate correct diagnosis and avert needle biopsy. PMID- 3495996 TI - MR imaging of congenital anomalies of the aortic arch. AB - Eighteen patients with congenital aortic arch anomalies were evaluated by ECG gated MR imaging. Transverse images encompassing the heart and thoracic aorta were available in all patients; sagittal or coronal studies were available in 12 patients. Visualization of the aortic arch, its orientation, and the origin and course of the arch vessels was assessed. Associated intracardiac abnormalities were noted, and the effect of aberrant vessels on the trachea or esophagus was determined. Thirteen patients had a right aortic arch. Mirror-image branching was found in 10 cases, and an aberrant left subclavian artery was found in three of these. Three patients had a left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery, and two patients had a double arch. Tracheal compression caused by vascular rings was found in two patients with respiratory symptoms. Corroborating studies (angiography, surgery, CT, and autopsy) in 16 patients confirmed the MR diagnoses in all but one. We conclude that MR could substitute for other techniques as an effective, noninvasive method for the evaluation of congenital aortic arch anomalies. PMID- 3495997 TI - Transcystic biopsy: a new approach to posterior pelvic lesions. AB - Six patients with masses located posterior to the bladder were biopsied using an anterior transcystic approach. Conventional biopsy needles were introduced through the bladder with both sonographic (five) and CT guidance (one). Clinically important diagnoses of recurrent carcinoma (four) or cytology-negative fluid (two) were made in all patients. One patient had a transient episode of minimal hematuria immediately after the biopsy. Otherwise, there were no complications. Transcystic biopsy appears to be a safe and effective technique for biopsy or aspiration of posterior pelvic masses. PMID- 3495998 TI - Potential contrast agents for MR arthrography: in vitro evaluation and practical observations. AB - In an attempt to identify an ideal contrast agent for MR arthrography, signal behavior as well as T1 and T2 values for articular cartilage, menisci, and ligaments were determined in knees from cadavers and normal volunteers. Comparison was made with similar data derived for intraarticular blood, varying concentrations of an albumin-saline solution (simulating synovial fluid) and Gd DTPA, 0.9% saline, Renografin 60%, and air. Cadaveric specimens were imaged after intraarticular administration of each substance. A 500-microM volume of Gd-DTPA proved to be an ideal contrast agent for MR arthrography, exhibiting excellent contrast differences with articular structures on T1-weighted images. An albumin concentration of 12%, potentially occurring in severe inflammatory arthritis, also manifested adequate contrast to articular cartilage on T1-weighted images. Renografin and saline provided inadequate contrast on T1-weighted images, and saline necessitated the use of T2-weighted sequences. Air was not found to be an optimal contrast agent. Intraarticular blood exhibited insufficient contrast differences with articular cartilage during the acute hemorrhagic phase. Synovial fluid associated with severe arthritis as compared with fresh intraarticular hemorrhage may thus prove to be a better biological contrast agent for MR arthrography. Saline is currently recommended for use in arthrography, but Gd DTPA offers significant advantages and should be safety-tested for potential clinical use. PMID- 3495999 TI - Saphenous vein aneurysms after aortocoronary bypass grafting: postoperative interval and hyperlipidemia as determining factors. PMID- 3496000 TI - Bepridil in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3496001 TI - Differentiation of ischemic from nonischemic cardiomyopathy with positron emission tomography. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether positron emission tomography (PET) performed after the intravenous injection of 11C-palmitate permits differentiation of patients with ischemic from those with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. PET was performed after intravenous injection of 11C-palmitate in 10 patients with ischemic and in 10 with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Regions of homogeneously severely depressed accumulation of 11C-palmitate, representing 15% or more of the expected myocardial cross-sectional area, were observed in 8 of 10 patients with ischemic but in none of 10 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy had marked spatial heterogeneity of the accumulation of palmitate throughout the left ventricular myocardium, whereas most tomographic sections from patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy accumulated 11C-palmitate more homogeneously in regions exclusive of discrete defects indicative of remote infarction. Thus, a larger number of discrete noncontiguous regions (17 +/- 5 compared with 12 +/- 4, p less than 0.001) and greater reduction of average 11C-palmitate content (59 +/- 6 compared with 64 +/- 10% maximal myocardial radioactivity, p less than 0.05) were seen in the tomographic reconstructions from patients with nonischemic than in those from patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. These findings support the hypothesis that multiple myocardial infarctions underlie the process seen as dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with coronary artery disease. Our findings indicate that PET permits differentiation of patients with ischemic from those with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 3496002 TI - Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity. AB - Thirteen patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma underwent treatment with continuous ambulatory 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion 300 mg/m2/day and intermittent bolus methotrexate (MTX) (200 mg/m2) with calcium leucovorin (LCV) 10 mg/m2 orally every 6 h X four to eight doses given 24 h after MTX. Although MTX administration was planned every 14 days, the average time between treatments exceeded 19 days (range 14-42) because of excessive toxicity. All patients experienced toxicity at some time in their treatment course, requiring interruption of 5-FU infusion in 12 of 13 patients. Significant toxicities included stomatitis (13 of 13 patients), hand-foot syndrome (8 of 13 patients), and diarrhea (3 of 13 patients). Toxicity did not appear to be minimized by attenuation of MTX and/or 5-FU dosage or by increasing the dose and/or duration of LCV. At this dosage schedule the addition of MTX/LCV to 5-FU infusion results in excessive and unacceptable toxicity and does not appear to improve treatment results. PMID- 3496003 TI - A critical review of the use of open lung biopsy in the management of the oncologic patient with acute pulmonary infiltrates. AB - In a retrospective review, 28 open lung biopsies from 27 oncology patients with acute pulmonary infiltrates were evaluated. The operative complication rate was 28%, and the operative mortality 4%. Infection caused 57% of the infiltrates (16 cases); 87% of the infections were secondary to either Pneumocystis carinii or a viral infection. Two patients had bacterial pneumonia. Sixteen of these cases survived (37%). All but one survivor had Pneumocystis carinii. A nonspecific pneumonitis either with or without associated fibrosis caused 39% of the infiltrates (11 cases). Four of these patients survived (36%). Two patients had histologic evidence of residual tumor, one secondary to leukemia and the other to a lymphoma. One of these patients who also had Pneumocystis carinii survived. This study confirms the results of several other studies. Open lung biopsy in the oncology patient with an acute pulmonary infiltrate rarely establishes the presence of a treatable lesion other than Pneumocystis carinii, a diagnosis that can usually be established by bronchoscopy. The indications for open lung biopsy are therefore limited. PMID- 3496004 TI - A seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis A virus infections: statistical analysis of two independent cross-sectional surveys in Okinawa, Japan. AB - To investigate the endemic situation of hepatitis A virus infection in the past in Okinawa, Japan, the authors analyzed two sets of cross-sectional data on age specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) obtained in 1968 1973 and 1980-1981 by fitting a catalytic model. For these two sets of data, the asymptotic level of infectious force of hepatitis A virus, namely lambda infinity, was estimated as 0.121 and 0.149, the maximum slope of the time dependent force of hepatitis A infection, namely alpha, was 0.566 and 0.529, and the year when the force of hepatitis A infection had decreased to the half of lambda infinity, namely beta, was 1966 and 1964, respectively. In the test for the equality of parameters for the two applications, the difference was not significant. Furthermore, the fitness of the catalytic model to the data on anti HAV prevalence was good. The results of the analysis by fitting the catalytic model show that hepatitis A infection had been highly endemic, that is, 136 infections per 1,000 persons per year in the area studied before 1955, and it decreased rapidly during the 1960s. Since 1975, hepatitis A has been a rare disease (infection is almost zero per 1,000 persons per year) in Okinawa, Japan. PMID- 3496005 TI - Lung function and respiratory symptoms in subjects with asbestos-related disorders: a cross-sectional study. AB - The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment was studied in a sample of men from a population screening of asbestos-related disorders. When the rates were adjusted for age and smoking habits, 83 subjects with lung fibrosis had an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms, in particular, phlegm when coughing and breathlessness grades 1-3. Among 200 subjects under 70 years of age who had pleural plaques only, a statistically significant increase was observed in the prevalence of breathlessness grade 1 compared to an external reference population. Among 98 asbestos-exposed subjects who had normal chest X rays, there was an increase in the prevalence of breathlessness grade 2, cough during the day, and phlegm when coughing. There was a higher proportion of subjects with lung fibrosis who were below 80% of the predicted values for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) than in the other groups. There was also a higher proportion of subjects with pleural plaques only who were below 90% of the predicted value for FVC than in a group of 90 subjects without asbestos exposure. In accordance with previous studies, these results indicate that pleural plaques in asbestos workers may be of greater importance as a clinical feature than has been recognized in the past. PMID- 3496006 TI - Need life support be harder to stop than not to start? PMID- 3496007 TI - Bleeding. PMID- 3496008 TI - Epidermal growth factor in alkali-burned corneal epithelial wound healing. AB - We conducted a double-masked study to evaluate the effect of epidermal growth factor on epithelial wound healing and recurrent erosions in alkali-burned rabbit corneas. Epithelial wounds 10 mm in diameter healed completely under the influence of topical epidermal growth factor, whereas the control corneas did not resurface in the center. On reversal of treatment, the previously nonhealing epithelial defects healed when treated with topical epidermal growth factor eyedrops. Conversely, the epidermal growth factor-treated and resurfaced corneas developed epithelial defects when treatment was discontinued. Histopathologic examination disclosed hyperplastic epithelium growing over the damaged stroma laden with polymorphonuclear leukocytes when treated with epidermal growth factor eyedrops, but it did not adhere to the underlying tissue. Hydropic changes were seen intracellularly as well as between the epithelial cells and the stroma. PMID- 3496009 TI - Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy during general surgery. AB - We examined two patients who awoke with profound bilateral visual loss after operations under general anesthesia. Their fundi, initially normal, later showed bilateral optic atrophy. Neither patient showed other neurologic deficits, although one demonstrated radiologic evidence of a small cerebral infarction in the deep white matter. These patients probably suffered intraoperative infarction of the retrobulbar segments of both optic nerves, producing posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Profound systemic hypotension may have been a contributing factor in one patient, the use of the pump-oxygenator in the other, and anemia in both. PMID- 3496010 TI - Analysis of the Mark II edition of The City University Colour Vision Test. AB - The City University (TCU) test was administered to 50 dichromats and 56 anomalous trichromats. Certain poorly performing plates are identified from the accuracy of diagnosis compared with the Nagel anomaloscope and the number of dichromats passing the plates. Some plates are indicated as providing a more reliable diagnosis, particularly when used in combination. The performance of the plates is compared with their colorimetric properties. The desaturated plates, which were not part of the Mark I test, are shown not to provide the intended extent diagnosis. PMID- 3496011 TI - Origin of transport inhibition after omission of serosal sodium. AB - The omission of sodium from the serosal incubation fluid in isolated frog skins inhibits transcellular Na transport. By the use of intracellular recording with microelectrodes, it has been demonstrated that this inhibition is associated with an increase of the basolateral membrane resistance, resulting in a depolarization of the short-circuited cells. This depolarization in turn accounts for the reduction of Na entry across the apical border. The resistance changes across the outer (apical) border are small in magnitude and unrelated to the inhibition of transcellular transport. The origin of the increase in basolateral membrane resistance, presumably due to decrease of K permeability, is unclear. These data do not support the hypothesis that intracellular Ca regulates the resistance of the apical and basolateral membranes. PMID- 3496012 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of intracellular ions in perfused frog heart. AB - Intracellular sodium, potassium, and lithium were observed in a perfused frog heart by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A perfusate buffer containing the shift reagent, dysprosium tripolyphosphate, was used in combination with mathematical filtering or presaturation of the extracellular resonance to separate the intra- and extracellular sodium NMR signals. Addition of 10 microM ouabain to the perfusate, perfusion with a zero potassium, low calcium buffer, and replacement of 66% of the perfusate sodium with lithium resulted in the following percent changes in the intracellular sodium levels (mean +/- SD): ouabain + 460 +/- 60% (n = 6), zero potassium + 300 +/- 30% (n = 3), and lithium - 51 +/- 6% (n = 3). An increase of 45% in the intracellular sodium was observed when changing the pacing rate from 0 to 60 beats/min (with proportional changes for intermediate pacing rates). The ratio of intracellular potassium to sodium concentration was determined to be 2.3 by NMR, indicating that a substantial amount of the intracellular potassium is undetectable with these NMR methods. In addition, intracellular lithium was observed during perfusion with a lithium-containing perfusate. PMID- 3496014 TI - Most nasal/nasopharyngeal lymphomas are peripheral T-cell neoplasms. AB - Eleven consecutive cases of nasal/nasopharyngeal lymphoma were studied histologically and with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The disease showed a male predominance and occurred over a wide age range, with a median of 52 years. Five patients had midfacial destructive disease, and six had gross tumor masses involving the nose/nasopharynx. Three cases were classified as small cleaved cell, two cases as mixed cell, five cases as large cell, and one case as immunoblastic lymphoma. Those belonging to the first two categories also satisfied the diagnostic criteria of so-called polymorphic reticulosis. Epithelial invasion, angioinvasion, and coagulative necrosis were demonstrated in seven, eight, and nine cases respectively. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that the atypical cells of all 11 cases exhibited T-cell markers. All but one case had lost one or more T-cell markers associated with peripheral T cells, particularly T1 and T3. Loss of T-cell markers in the five cases histologically consistent with polymorphic reticulosis provided further support to indicate that the lesion was neoplastic. A significant proportion of cases also expressed the activated T-cell markers 12 (HLA-DR) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R1). PMID- 3496015 TI - [Problems in choosing the anesthesia in emergency obstetrical and gynecological surgical interventions]. PMID- 3496013 TI - Coronary risk factors and clinical gallbladder disease: an approach to the prevention of gallstones? AB - We examined the relationship of "coronary" risk factors to clinical gallbladder disease prevalence in a cross-sectional survey. Persons with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels had elevated risks for clinical gallbladder disease. Smokers of 20 pack-years or more and infrequent users of alcohol had increased risks, as did persons with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. After adjusting for age, body mass index, ethnicity, and the coronary variables, relationships persisted for diabetes in women (OR = 1.8) and frequent alcohol use in men (OR = 0.3). The proportion of gallbladder disease related to all coronary risk factors was estimated to be 52 per cent. PMID- 3496016 TI - Immunologic studies of lymph node lymphocytes in the generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome. AB - A generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (GLS) occurs in persons at high risk for development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The natural history and immunologic status of patients with GLS are not fully known, although in some persons GLS may progress to full AIDS. We present the clinical and immunologic findings in two children with severe hemophilia A with nonprogressive GLS for 18 24 months. The functional activity in vitro of lymphocytes from both peripheral blood and biopsied lymph nodes were compared. The peripheral blood lymphocytes responded normally to both mitogens and antigens; lymph node lymphocytes failed to respond to antigens, but did respond to mitogens. The implications of these abnormalities for understanding the pathogenesis of GLS are discussed. PMID- 3496017 TI - Chromosome changes connect immunodeficiency and cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia. AB - Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a primary genetic immunodeficiency disease predisposing to cancer. Approximately 40% of patients with AT develop malignancy, usually of the lymphoid system. Increased chromosome breakage in AT leads to rearrangements such as translocations and inversions. The preferred chromosome breakpoints in AT involve genes in the immune system: the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene loci in chromosome bands 2p12, 14q32, and 22q11 and the T cell receptor (TCR) gene loci in chromosome bands 7p13, 7q35, and 14q11. Identical chromosome breakpoints are observed in chromosome rearrangements in normal T cells, Burkitt's lymphoma, and adult T cell leukemia. Molecular analysis of these chromosome rearrangements reveals recombination between an oncogene and Ig or between Ig and TCR. In AT, chromosome rearrangements connect the immune system to lymphoid cancer. PMID- 3496018 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neoplasia. AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a novel epidemic form of immunodeficiency that has been widely recognized within the last six years. AIDS is characterized by Kaposi's sarcoma, B cell lymphoma, and/or life-threatening opportunistic infections superimposed on an immune deficiency state which consists of lymphopenia with a selective depletion of the CD4 T cells. In addition, lymphocytes from AIDS patients show decreased responses to antigen or mitogen stimulation in vitro. Although the secondary infections and malignancies seen in these patients may be successfully treated, the underlying immune defect persists, leaving the patient susceptible to further complications. PMID- 3496019 TI - Prevalence of drug-taking behavior among Alaskan youth: comparisons with national findings. PMID- 3496020 TI - [Comparative study of hearing and the vestibular reflex in the elderly without manifestations of vertebro-basilar insufficiency]. PMID- 3496021 TI - Recovery from propofol infusion as the main agent for outpatient arthroscopy. A comparison with isoflurane. AB - Propofol by continuous intravenous infusion has been compared with isoflurane as the main anaesthetic agent for outpatient arthroscopy of the knee. In 40 unpremedicated patients, anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg and vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg and maintained after tracheal intubation with nitrous oxide 66% in oxygen. One group received 3% isoflurane prior to intubation and 0.9% during maintenance, while the other received a continuous intravenous infusion of propofol at a rate of 10 mg/kg/hour. Recovery was assessed by the time to opening eyes, to be able to answer five questions correctly, to recovery of ocular balance (Maddox Wing test) and by comparing pre- and postoperative performance in a paper and pencil test (the p-deletion test). After 3 hours all the patients were fit for discharge. Recovery tests showed no differences between the groups. All patients were satisfied with the anaesthesia. Full recovery took on average 1.5 days (range between 1 hour and 14 days) in both groups. Patients' opinion 1 month after the procedure should be included in every study concerning recovery. Anaesthesia by continuous propofol infusion results in quick recovery comparable with that following isoflurane anaesthesia. PMID- 3496023 TI - Comparison of etomidate and propofol for anaesthesia in microlaryngeal surgery. AB - Propofol and etomidate were compared as hypnotics in total intravenous anaesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery combined with jet ventilation. Two groups of 15 patients were studied. In group 1, propofol 2.0 mg/kg was used for induction. For maintenance a continuous infusion of 12 mg/kg/hour was used for the first 10 minutes, followed by 9 mg/kg/hour for the next 10 minutes and 6 mg/kg/hour thereafter. In group 2, the induction dose of etomidate was 0.3 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion of 1.8 mg/kg/hour for 10 minutes, 1.5 mg/kg/hour for the next 10 minutes and 1.0 mg/kg/hour thereafter. Alfentanil was given for analgesia and suxamethonium for muscle relaxation. The propofol group showed better surgical conditions, more stable anaesthesia and better recovery according to the Steward score. Recovery times to opening eyes on command were comparable for both groups. PMID- 3496022 TI - Propofol combined with nitrous oxide-oxygen for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. AB - After a bolus of 2 mg/kg, propofol was given by continuous infusion (150 micrograms/kg/minute for 30 minutes and then 100 micrograms/kg/minute) supplemented with nitrous oxide for anaesthesia during ear surgery in 12 patients. Cardiovascular changes were not significant except for a decrease in heart rate after 60 minutes. Acid-base balance was unaffected by the amount of fatty emulsion. Cortisol levels showed a nonsignificant decrease during the prolonged administration of propofol but had recovered completely by one hour following anaesthesia. Mean blood concentrations of propofol were 10.5 micrograms/ml (SEM 1.2) at the onset of unconsciousness, between 3.4 and 4.5 micrograms/ml during continuous infusion and 2.9 micrograms/ml (SEM 0.3) on awakening. Patients opened their eyes 6 minutes (SEM 1) after discontinuation of the infusion, and were responsive at 7.5 minutes (SEM 0.5), which suggests that propofol infusion can be used safely for surgery of 2 hours' duration. PMID- 3496024 TI - A comparison of propofol and methohexitone as induction agents for day case isoflurane anaesthesia. AB - The induction and recovery characteristics of equivalent doses of propofol and methohexitone were compared in 50 patients undergoing day case isoflurane anaesthesia. Propofol induction was smoother but was associated with greater cardiorespiratory depression. Both the speed and quality of recovery were superior with propofol compared with methohexitone. PMID- 3496025 TI - Bradycardia after propofol infusion. PMID- 3496026 TI - Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Treatment of hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be complicated by unwanted immunologic vascular and renal side effects of drugs. The safety of long-acting nifedipine tablets was studied in 8 SLE hypertensive subjects for six months. Nifedipine reduced blood pressure from a mean 151.9 +/- 10/103.7 +/- 8.6 mmHg to a mean of 130 +/- 14.1/87.5 +/- 5 mmHg. There was no deterioration of renal function or of hematologic or immunologic indices during that period. We believe nifedipine is a safe and effective hypotensive drug in SLE, either alone or combined with beta blockers and diuretics. PMID- 3496027 TI - Vertical dimension and freeway space. A kinesiographic study. AB - A statistical correlation is found between the S-N/mandibular plane angle and clinical freeway space, but there was no correlation after TENS stimulation. The S-N/MP angle did not prove to be a reliable predictor of freeway space. PMID- 3496029 TI - Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. AB - Cardiovascular nuclear medicine exercise studies may serve as a screening method to be used in making decisions to refer patients for catheterization and coronary artery bypass surgery. In a study of 390 patients consecutively referred for nuclear exercise testing, abnormal results found in 31% of the women and in 64% of the men affected physicians' decisions to recommend catheterization in men only; 4% of the women with abnormal radionuclide scans were referred for catheterization compared with 40% of the men (p less than 0.001). this 10:1 ratio was independent of age. A multiple logistic regression analysis that controlled for age, previous myocardial infarction, presence of typical and atypical angina, and abnormal test results yielded an odds ratio of 6.3 for men. The male-to female ratio of patients with coronary artery disease given abnormal results of a cardiovascular nuclear scan is only 2:1. Thus, the sex differential in decisions to refer patients for cardiac catheterization cannot be explained entirely by differences in the sensitivity of tests or the rates of coronary artery disease; it also cannot be explained by differential benefits from surgery. These findings raise the question of whether coronary artery bypass surgery is underused in women. PMID- 3496030 TI - Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis: a common cause of pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - During a 4.4-year period, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis was seen in 41 of 110 (38%) patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and accounted for 32% (48/152) of all episodes of clinical pneumonitis. Diffuse alveolar damage was typically a feature of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, but neither lung biopsy nor bronchoalveolar lavage detected a pathogen. Of these 41 patients, 13 had no associated pulmonary tumor and had not been exposed to pulmonary toxins, whereas 28 patients had either concurrent pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma, previous experimental therapies, or a history of pneumocystis pneumonia or drug abuse. Of these 41, 23 had normal chest radiographs. The clinical features of patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis were similar to those of patients with pneumocystis pneumonia, although histologic findings showed less severe alveolar damage in patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (p less than 0.001). Pathologic evaluation and clinical follow-up suggest that many clinical episodes of pneumonitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are due to nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis of unknown cause. PMID- 3496028 TI - Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infections in hemophiliacs: effects of T-cell subsets, platelet counts, and age. AB - Serial T-cell subsets and platelet counts were determined in a cohort of 84 hemophiliacs in whom time of seroconversion for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody could be ascertained. An abrupt decrease in the number of T-helper (T4) cells was seen in 9 patients 12 to 24 months before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed (p = 0.0007 compared with those who did not develop AIDS). Thrombocytopenia also was associated with an increased risk for AIDS (p = 0.02), as was older age at the time of seroconversion (p = 0.03). Ten patients developed AIDS at 24 to 95 months after seroconversion, for a cumulative incidence (+/- SE) of 18.0% +/- 7.1% at 6 years. Hemophiliacs who had T4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/microL had a 50% +/- 16% cumulative incidence of AIDS within 2 years, indicating that decreasing or very low T4 cell counts have predictive value for the development of AIDS. Furthermore, the data suggest that thrombocytopenia and older age may be markers for a cofactor that increases the risk for AIDS in hemophiliacs. PMID- 3496032 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to intestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3496031 TI - [Case No.1--1987. Polyarthritis destruens, nephrotic syndrome and anti-DNA antibodies in a 51-year-old woman]. PMID- 3496033 TI - Expulsive choroidal hemorrhage in the glaucoma patient. PMID- 3496034 TI - [Thallium-201 scintigraphy of the myocardium during exertion in the indication for aortocoronary bypass of an area in the myocardium, the site of an infarct]. AB - The purpose of this study is to precisely evaluate the indications and the results of direct revascularization surgery in a myocardial area previously infarcted. 35 cases were analyzed using thallium scintigraphy during stress. Before surgery, the patients were divided in two groups. Group I (18 cases) includes patients who presented initially a regional hypoperfusion and a reperfusion at the site of the infarction, on late scintigrams; group II (17 cases) also presented a regional hypoperfusion initially, but showed no reperfusion on late scintigrams. Concerning the results during stress, the thallium 201 scintigrams during exercise show alterations of the myocardial perfusion in the infarcted area, before and after surgery; in group I, a significant improvement (p less than 0.01) is noted in the entire group, i.e. 16 patients (88.9%), except in 2 cases where the graft was occluded, and group II shows an improvement in only 4 cases (NS) after surgery. Concerning the modifications of the product pressure X cardiac rhythm, there is a significant improvement (p less than 0.01) in group I (14 out of 18 patients (77.8%)); 2 out of 4 patients who were aggravated, presented occluded grafts after surgery. Group II shows an improvement in 10 out of 17 patients (58.8%) after surgery (NS). The left ventriculography demonstrates alterations in the global ejection fraction. Group I shows a significant improvement in 15 out of 18 patients (88.3%) (p 0.01); in group II there is improvement in 11 out of 17 patients (64.7%) (NS) after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496036 TI - Road traffic accidents in the elderly--a major cause of morbidity and mortality. AB - The incidence of traffic injuries was studied during a two year period from 1983 to 1984 using routinely collected statistics by the Traffic Police. The severity of injuries was analysed by age and sex in different categories of road users. Causes leading to the occurrence of accidents were also examined in pedestrian victims. An annual incidence of 11,253 injuries for 1983 and 11,856 for 1984 was found. Elderly pedestrians have a relative risk of 2.5 times for sustaining traffic injuries and 8.6 times for fatal traffic injuries compared to those below 60 years of age. The leading cause in this group is crossing the road without paying attention to traffic. A high proportion of pedal cyclists, trishaw riders and tricyclists are aged 60 years and above. Prevention of traffic accidents should include modification of road design and pedestrian crossings and taking into account the needs of the elderly. Improved training for drivers can compensate some of the inadequacies of the elderly pedestrian. PMID- 3496035 TI - Coronary endothelium and cardioplegic solutions. AB - Using surface and transmission electron microscopy in eight isolated sheep hearts it was noted that cold crystalloid cardioplegic solution produced coronary endothelial damage which could be prevented if homologous blood or albumin was added into the preservation fluid. Similar endothelial damage was observed in the endothelium of aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypasses and in the endothelium of the proximal aorta after infusion with cold crystalloid cardioplegic fluid. No endothelial changes were seen after infusion of the grafts with cold blood. There was no correlation between the preservation of the high energy phosphates of the myocardium and the endothelial changes of the coronary arteries. PMID- 3496037 TI - Mortality in SLE nephritis. AB - In a review of 112 patients with SLE nephritis treated between 1976 and 1982, 31 were known to have died. Renal failure (32.2%) was the commonest cause of death. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage (16%), infections (12.8%) and central nervous system involvement (6.5%) were important causes of death. Thirteen out of 17 patients dying in the presence of renal failure had initially presented with renal impairment. Renal biopsies in 16 patients who have died showed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in all except 1 patient, and uraemia was the commonest cause of death in these patients. Pregnancies terminating in abortions were followed by complications in 5 patients. Discontinuation of steroid therapy by patients was followed by complications, and ended in death in 6 patients. PMID- 3496038 TI - Electrocardiographic findings in 204 residents of homes for the aged. AB - Electrocardiograms from 204 subjects aged 60 and above, residing in homes for the aged, were analysed. 13% had evidence of cardiovascular disease. 55% of the electrocardiograms showed at least one abnormality. At least 10% of electrocardiograms showed left atrial hypertrophy, first degree atrioventricular block, right bundle branch block, pathologic Q waves, ST-T abnormalities, or prolonged QT interval. Findings predictive of cardiovascular disease were left ventricular hypertrophy patterns and ST-T abnormalities, or prolonged QT interval. Findings predictive of cardiovascular disease were left ventricular hypertrophy patterns and ST-T abnormalities. Increase of age from 60 to 100 years was associated with prolongation of PR and QT intervals, but shortening of the RR interval. PMID- 3496039 TI - [Complications of diverticular disease of the colon. Apropos of 247 cases]. AB - In the last five years, 7 teams, members of a surgical club of lower Normandy, have performed 1,136 colon procedures, including 247 for severe diverticular disease. The patients were grouped in two categories according to the severity of the complications presented: 159 sub-acute complications including 137 acute cases of sigmoiditis (diverticulitis, peri-colic micro abscesses, pseudo-tumoral forms) and 22 fistulae, 88 severe acute complications including 60 generalized peritonites, 12 huge abscesses, 9 occlusions and 7 hemorrhages. The total post operative mortality is 6 p. cent. It is quite different in the surgery of sub acute complications (0.6%) and the surgery of acute severe complications (16%). The total morbidity reaches 14.8 p. cent. Complications are more frequent and more severe in acute forms (18.5%) than in subacute forms (10.5%). At long term, 10.8 p. cent of the patients operated upon, kept a permanent colostomy (25 p. cent in acute forms vs 2.3 p. cent in subacute forms). 89.2 p. cent have a normal digestive tract following treatment (97.7 p. cent in subacute forms and 53 p. cent in acute forms). PMID- 3496040 TI - [Practical approach in chronic anemias as a result of gastrointestinal losses]. PMID- 3496041 TI - In vitro leukemic cell differentiation in metal-depleted media. AB - Lymphocytes of children with T cell and pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were cultured in media with different concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn to detect a possible effect of these ions on leukemic cells. Thymidine uptake was elevated in non-mitogen stimulated ALL cells and increased after mitogen stimulation, whereas intracellular ferritin, Fe and Cu, elevated before culture, decreased thereafter; pre-B ALL cells, positive only for cytoplasmic mu chains, became positive for surface immunoglobulins and released a detectable amount of them; low T4/T8 ratio in cells from T cell ALL returned to normal values after culture. These findings were present only in media with minimal concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn and suggest that regulation of intracellular levels of these metals may induce some differentiation of leukemic cells. PMID- 3496042 TI - Recovery of vision after ischemic lesions: positron emission tomography. AB - We used [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) to study serial changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in 5 patients with ischemic lesions of the posterior afferent visual system causing homonymous visual field defects. All 5 patients had striking impairment of glucose metabolism in the striate cortex shortly after ictus. In 2 patients, visual field defects abated, and repeat PET scans showed reduced size of the metabolic lesion and improvement of striate metabolism. Three patients did not recover vision, and repeat PET scans did not show improvement. Patients who recovered vision had ischemic lesions outside the occipital lobe, while those who did not experience improvement had primary damage to the occipital lobe itself. PMID- 3496043 TI - Characterization of a high-molecular-weight form of epidermal growth factor in an extract of human urine. AB - We purified from a side fraction of the commercial preparation of urokinase from large volumes of human urine a high-molecular-weight (HMW) form of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). Sequence analysis of the amino terminus of the intact molecule and of two tryptic fragments and carboxypeptidase Y analysis revealed the molecule to correspond to residues 828-1023 of the hEGF precursor predicted by the nucleotide sequence of human renal hEGF mRNA, with hEGF forming its carboxyl terminus. HMW hEGF bound poorly to concanavalin A-agarose, quite avidly to wheat germ lectin-agarose, and completely to phenyl boronate-agarose, suggesting that it was O-glycosylated. Sephacryl S-200 chromatography of freshly voided urine revealed mostly hEGF, with smaller amounts of a much higher molecular weight hEGF, but little material that was the size of the HMW hEGF we characterized. The large fragment we characterized presumably is cleaved from the larger form by enzyme(s) present in urine during the collection, storage, and processing of urine. We have confirmed that hEGF is synthesized as a large precursor molecule, as predicted by the nucleotide sequence of hEGF mRNA. PMID- 3496044 TI - Epidermal growth factor (urogastrone)-stimulated gluconeogenesis in isolated mouse hepatocytes. AB - In freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes obtained from fasted animals, we have studied the receptors for epidermal growth factor urogastrone (EGF-URO) in terms of the electrophoretic profile, ligand affinity, and numbers of EGF-URO receptors present on the cells, and also in terms of the ability of EGF-URO to stimulate gluconeogenesis, as reflected by the increased incorporation of [3-14C]pyruvate into glucose. The effects of EGF-URO were compared with those of glucagon. Ligand binding studies revealed that the mouse hepatocytes possess an unusually high number of EGF-URO receptors (about 3 X 10(6) binding sites/cell), with a ligand dissociation constant of 4.4 nM. The binding of EGF-URO by mouse hepatocytes was more than 10-fold higher than the previously measured binding of EGF-URO by rat hepatocytes. Crosslink-labeling studies, coupled with gel electrophoretic analysis, demonstrated the presence of intact EGF-URO receptors, although some receptor processing had occurred during the isolation procedure. EGF-URO was able to stimulate the incorporation of 3-14C-labeled pyruvate into glucose; glucagon was unable to do so. In contrast, in rat hepatocytes isolated and assayed under identical conditions, glucagon (10 nM) caused a marked (250%) stimulation of the incorporation of pyruvate into glucose. Maximally, EGF-URO caused a 34% increase in the incorporation of [3-14C]pyruvate into glucose; a half-maximal effect was observed at a concentration of 2.5 nM EGF-URO. The stimulatory effect of EGF-URO was not dependent on the concentration of pyruvate, lactate, glucose, or calcium in the incubation medium. Although raising the concentration of pyruvate in the incubation medium increased the incorporation of [3-14C]pyruvate into glycogen, EGF-URO did not cause any change in the incorporation of radioactivity into glycogen. Overall, our data point to marked differences between rat and mouse liver preparations, in terms of the hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, and our work documents a potential role for the remarkably high number of mouse hepatocyte EGF-URO receptors in terms of the modulation of gluconeogenesis in the mouse. PMID- 3496046 TI - [Significance of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma]. AB - The primary site of the metastasis of osteosarcoma is the lung. More than 90% of patients have died of pulmonary metastasis in one to two years. Control of osteosarcoma depend upon the prevention of its pulmonary metastasis. The introduction of chemotherapy consisting mainly of Adriamycin, high-dose methotrexate with Leucovorin rescue and Cisplatinum, dramatically improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma. In the past, when systemic chemotherapy was not available, the five-year survival rate was around 19%. In patients who receive chemotherapy with the current combination of chemotherapeutic agents (ADM, HD MTX, VCR, CPM, CDDP), the incidence of pulmonary metastasis was low, and the five year survival rate increased to 65%. In patients who receive chemotherapy, pulmonary metastasis may be either delayed, with a single metastasis appearing after termination of treatment (late isolated type), or early and multiple, emerging in reaction to treatment (early multiple type). It is generally accepted that post-operative chemotherapy can inhibit pulmonary micro metastasis and prove to be of great significance in improving the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma of extremities and achieve limb salvage operation. On the other hand, effective control of the side effects of drug administration such as nausea, vomiting, alopecia, cardio (ADM) and renal (CDDP) toxicity and bone marrow suppression, is a problem that must be solved as soon as possible. PMID- 3496045 TI - Comparative toxicity and antioxidant activity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine and its monoamine oxidase B-generated metabolites in isolated hepatocytes and liver microsomes. AB - MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is converted by monoamine oxidase B to its putative toxic metabolite MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) via MPDP+ (1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium ion). Both the parent compound and these two major metabolites were toxic to isolated rat hepatocytes with MPDP+ being the most toxic and MPP+ the least effective. MPP+ produced a slight increase in lipid peroxidation above control levels in hepatocytes, while both MPTP and MPDP+ showed antioxidant effects. The latter two compounds also protected against chemically and nonchemically induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. MPDP+ was effective at much lower concentrations than MPTP. MPDP+ was also markedly more efficient when NADPH was used to induce microsomal lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation as a consequence of oxygen radical generation is therefore unlikely to be involved in MPTP toxicity in vitro and the rationale of using chain-breaking antioxidants as protective agents in vivo needs a more careful evaluation. PMID- 3496047 TI - [Biochemical modulation with sequential methotrexate (MTX)-5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment]. AB - The results of a cooperative study on sequential MTX-5-FU treatment of gastrointestinal cancer were presented. The treatment consisted of three methods, A, B, C. At zero time, MTX 30 mg/m2 (A), 100 mg/m2 (B) and 300 mg/m2 (C) i.v. infusion were given, and 5-FU 600 mg/m2 (A, B, C) was infused 1-3 hours after MTX in gastric cancer patients and 7 hours afterwards in colorectal cancer patients. Twenty-four hours after MTX, leucovorin rescue of 10 mg/m2 p.o. was given either 0 times or once in A, 6 times in B and 8 times in C every 6 hours. In gastric cancer patients, the response rate was 23.2% of 56 cases in A, 40.5% of 37 cases in B and 0% of 3 cases in C. In colorectal cancer patients, the response rate was 28.6% of 21 cases in A, 20.0% of 15 cases in B and 0% of 3 cases in C. Median survival was 7.4 months (M) in total, 5.5 M in A and 7.6 M in B for gastric cancer, and 8.1 M in total, 10.9 M in A and 7.8 Min B for colorectal cancer. Side effects were mild and tolerable. In summary, in this phase II study on gastric cancer, although the response was limited with A, the relatively high response rate of 40.5% with B was promising. The subsequent phase III study will need to evaluate the biochemical modulation with sequential MTX-5-FU treatment in gastric cancer patients. PMID- 3496049 TI - [Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) adoptive immunotherapy: optimal method for large-scale LAK induction]. AB - Adoptive immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells shows promise as a treatment for malignant disease, but one of the difficult problems associated with the LAK therapy is the method to induce 10(11) to 10(12) of LAK cells. In a study for optimal LAK induction, monocytes separated with counterflow centrifugal elutriation markedly augmented LAK cell induction from lymphocytes in spite of having no cytotoxicity when cultured alone; LAK activity was sufficiently induced from mononuclear cells (MNC) containing approximately 20% of monocytes; LAK activity was induced depending on the serum concentration, and at least 5% of human AB serum in RPMI 1640 was referred to induce optimal LAK activity; and roller bottle was preferable to tube or flask especially at higher MNC density. We concluded that roller bottle with 4 X 10(6) cells/ml of MNC suspended in 1 liter of RPMI 1640 containing 5% AB serum would be the optimal condition for large-scale LAK induction, and administration of LAK cells on the 3rd and 4th day of culture is favorable for weekly performance of LAK adoptive therapy. PMID- 3496050 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases using normal allogeneic LAK cells]. AB - Allogeneic LAK cells induced from PBL of normal donors were used for adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases. The possibility of an antibody against allogeneic LAK cells was suggested. However, no immune reaction was observed and LAK activity was maintained in vitro in the presence of patient's plasma sampled during the course of therapy. PMID- 3496051 TI - [Experimental studies on the treatment of recurrent gliomas]. AB - For the purpose to study reasonable treatment for recurrent gliomas, in vitro immunochemosensitivity tests were performed by using human malignant glioma cell line (ONS-12) and its ACNU-resistant cell line (ONS-12/ACNU), which were established in our laboratory. ONS-12/ACNU cells showed a cross-resistance to Ara C, but not for cisplatin and methotrexate. The lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced in vitro from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy subjects, showed stronger cytotoxicity to ONS-12/ACNU than ONS-12 cells. From these data, selection of appropriate anti-tumor agents on the in vitro sensitivity tests was a most useful method for the treatment of recurrent gliomas, and the adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells may be useful for ACNU resistant gliomas. PMID- 3496048 TI - [Increased anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents combined with direct current against murine transplanted tumors]. AB - The antitumor activity of direct current was studied in mice which were transplanted fibrosarcoma (FSa) into the right thigh. Mice were inserted electrodes into tumor and normal tissue surrounding the tumor, and treated with constant current. The direct current therapy (D.C.T.) (0.6 mA, 120 min) alone was effective to regress tumor, but tumor was not eradicated by D.C.T. alone. Cyclophosphamide (CPA, 100 mg/kg) could markedly reduce the FSa tumor size, but all tumor regrew finally. When D.C.T. was combined with CPA (100 mg/kg), the therapeutic response of FSa tumor was enhanced in mice which were inserted cathode into tumor. For example, in mice receiving direct current (0.6 mA, 120 minutes), the cure rate was 70% compared with 30% by the anode in tumor. Using cure rate assay, D.C.T. and about half dose of CPA could give the similar treatment results as the full dose of CPA alone. That is, D.C.T. will be able to reduce the dose of chemotherapeutic agents. Combination of D.C.T. and doxorubicin was not so effective as CPA, but showed the similar results. The experimental results suggest that D.C.T. alters the drug distribution in the tumor and makes the drugs more effective. PMID- 3496052 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy in patients with malignant glioma]. AB - We report preliminary results of adoptive immunotherapy in 12 patients with malignant glioma. The patients received both 1.8 to 20 X 10(8) autologous lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, and 8 to 16 X 10(4) units of interleukin 2. Objective regression of the tumor was observed in 8 patients. In 4 cases, the size of the tumor was remarkably reduced. No severe side effects were observed. Furthermore, LAK cells and their precursor cells were serologically studied. PMID- 3496053 TI - [Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin therapy in advanced gastric cancer: the enhancement of 5-fluorouracil antitumor activity by leucovorin]. PMID- 3496054 TI - Intraoperative dialysis techniques. PMID- 3496056 TI - Vitamin D metabolites in synovial fluid. AB - This study has shown that it is possible to measure vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in synovial fluid as well as serum. Significant amounts of 25-OHD, 24,25-(OH)2D, and DBP are present in synovial fluid. The 25 OHD and DBP maintain a serum:synovial fluid ratio of approximately 2:1 irrespective of the type of joint disease, whereas no such relationship was detected for 24,25-(OH)2D. The possible reasons for these findings are diffusion of the metabolites into synovial fluid or local production from suitable precursors, or both. PMID- 3496055 TI - Production of cartilage degrading activity by human synovial tissues. AB - Human synovial tissues have been assayed for the production of cartilage degrading activity (CDA). This activity is thought to be homologous with catabolin/interleukin 1 (IL1) produced by porcine synovium and leucocytes and by human leucocytes. The CDA of 26 rheumatoid (RA) and 41 non-rheumatoid synovia was measured on a dry weight basis. The rheumatoid synovia showed a threefold increase in activity over the non-rheumatoid, but there was no significant overall difference on a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) basis. The rheumatoid synovia appeared to consist of two populations; in over half the samples CDA was not related to cellularity, but eight patients had a high CDA and a high cellularity. PMID- 3496057 TI - Gm allotypes and HLA in rheumatoid arthritis patients with circulating antibodies to native type II collagen. AB - HLA antigens and immunoglobulin heavy chain allotypes (Gm) were determined in 166 unrelated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 44 of whom had circulating antibodies to native type II collagen. Collagen antibody positive patients showed an association with HLA-DR3 and DR7 (68% compared with 39% of collagen antibody negative RA, p less than 0.005), and with the Gm phenotype, Gm(zafngb). This contrasted with the collagen antibody negative RA patients where there was an association with HLA-DR4 and, in DR4 positive disease only, with the Gm allotype, G1m(x). The Gm(zafngb) phenotype was found in 26% of DR3 or DR7 positive patients overall and only 9% of RA patients negative for these DR antigens (p less than 0.005), suggesting an interaction between HLA-DR3/7 and Gm(zafngb). The differing Gm associations for collagen antibody positive and negative RA provide further evidence for genetic heterogeneity in susceptibility to RA. PMID- 3496058 TI - St. Jude Medical prosthesis: valve-related deaths and complications. AB - Despite the hemodynamic improvement in cardiac valve prostheses, valve-related deaths and complications have remained a substantial source of morbidity and mortality. This follow-up study was carried out in April, 1986, in a group of 816 patients who received 876 St. Jude Medical prostheses between October, 1977, and October, 1984. One hundred fifty-five patients (37%) of the 422 having aortic valve replacement (AVR) and 88 (29%) of the 300 having mitral valve replacement (MVR) had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, and 94 patients (12%) had miscellaneous procedures performed in addition to valve replacement. Sixty-three patients died within the operative period, an operative mortality of 7.7%. Follow up was complete for 98% of the patients; the mean follow-up was 42 months. At that time, 87 more patients had died, a late mortality of 11.9%. There were 13 valve-related deaths (4 in the AVR group, 7 in the MVR group, and 2 in the miscellaneous group); the causes of death were thromboembolism (7), anticoagulant related hemorrhage (2), valve thrombosis (2), prosthetic valve endocarditis (1), and perivalvular leak (1). There were 37 thromboembolic episodes (1.78/100 patient-years) and 67 anticoagulant-related hemorrhages (3.22/100 patient-years), 46% of which necessitated transfusion. The incidence of valve thrombosis was 0.6% (4 patients). Perivalvular leak and prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred in 7 patients (1.0%) and 5 patients (0.7%), respectively. Reoperation was carried out in 6 patients (0.8%), but only for perivalvular leak. There were no deaths, no complications, and no clinical evidence of malfunction of the prosthetic valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496059 TI - Time to first new myocardial infarction in patients with mild angina and three vessel disease comparing medicine and early surgery: a CASS registry study of survival. Coronary Artery Surgery Study. AB - Two categories--patients alive and free from new myocardial infarction (MI) and time to first new MI (nonfatal and fatal)--were compared in medical and early surgical groups in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry with Class I or II angina and three-vessel disease in a six-year follow-up. There were 413 in the medical group and 443 in the early surgical group. A broad definition of MI using ECG and clinical criteria on hospital discharge and follow-up was used to include as many new MIs as possible, including perioperative MIs. Stratification was by left ventricular wall motion score and number of proximal segment stenoses and by quintile of propensity score to reduce selection bias in therapy groups. Adjusted by propensity analysis, 79% of medical and 88% of surgical patients (p = .005) were free from new MI; death without diagnosis of new MI was censored. Similarly adjusted, 57% of medical and 76% of surgical patients (p less than .0001) were alive and free from new MI at six years. For patients with previous MI, surgery offered the probability of protection from new MI: with multiple prior MIs, 66% of medical and 88% of surgical patients were free from new MI at six years (p = .0019). This is a nonrandomized, observational study with the limitations of such studies: the need to adjust for differences in baseline traits in medical and surgical groups and the unknown effects of unobserved variables. Fifty-one variables, including therapy, were tested by Cox model with time to new MI as the end point. Early surgery was the strongest independent predictor of freedom from new MI (p = .002) with a relative risk of 51% compared with medical therapy (95% confidence limits of 33 to 78%). In patients with multiple prior MIs, the new MI risk with early surgery was 24% of that for medicine, with an upper 95% confidence point of 64%. PMID- 3496060 TI - Management of patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis requiring cardiac surgery. AB - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HATT) is a serious complication of heparin therapy that results in intravascular platelet aggregation with arterial or venous thrombosis. Platelet aggregation to heparin in vitro is used to confirm the diagnosis. Cessation of heparin therapy with avoidance of reexposure to heparin is an important principle in the management of HATT. However, certain patients with HATT may require reexposure to heparin for emergency cardiac operations requiring cardiopulmonary bypass while still demonstrating positive in vitro platelet aggregation with heparin. The present report describes the management of 2 such patients. In each patient aspirin was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation to heparin in vitro; therefore, aspirin and dipyridamole were administered to each patient before heparin reexposure and continued throughout the perioperative period. Cardiopulmonary bypass with full heparinization was achieved without thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications in both patients. Despite the presence of a heparin-dependent platelet-aggregating factor in the plasma of these 2 patients, inhibition of platelet aggregation with aspirin and dipyridamole allowed uneventful reexposure to heparin. PMID- 3496061 TI - Application of ultrasonic aspirator for dissection of the internal mammary artery in coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The low-power ultrasonic aspirator was used for the dissection of the internal mammary artery (IMA) in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Harvesting time was shorter and the amount of bleeding was less than with the ordinary method. The short-term patency rate (1 to 6 months) for those IMA grafts was 95% (19 of 20 remained patent). These results have encouraged us to use the ultrasonic aspirator routinely for IMA dissection. PMID- 3496062 TI - The relative gastrointestinal toxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - To assess the relative rate or upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract bleeding associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), we performed a retrospective cohort study using 1980 billing data from all Medicaid patients in the states of Michigan and Minnesota. The rate of UGI tract bleeding in the 30 days following each drug exposure was examined in the 88,044 patients dispensed only one of seven NSAIDs. The rate of UGI tract bleeding differed significantly among users of these drugs. Stratification and logistic regression were used to adjust for multiple potential confounding factors, without substantive changes in the results. An alcohol-drug interaction was found. Sulindac users had the highest rate of UGI tract bleeding, and it was the only drug statistically different from ibuprofen. When the average daily dose of sulindac received was divided by the maximum recommended daily dose, it was notably higher than those for other drugs. Repeated analyses using data from 1982 confirmed these results. We conclude that there are significant and consistent differences in the incidence of UGI tract bleeding associated with the use of NSAIDs in this population. PMID- 3496063 TI - Studies on the derivatives of aziridine. I. synthesis and immunopharmacological analysis of amides of alpha-aziridinyl- beta-/p-chlorobenzoyl/-propionic acid. AB - Several new aziridinyl derivatives of beta-/p-chlorobenzoyl/propionic acid were synthesized (3, 5, 7, 14-18). The gamma-/p-chlorophenyl/-dihydrofuran-2-one 2 and beta-/p-chlorobenzoyl/acrylic acid 4 were used as the substrates. Compound 2 reacts with ethylenimine yielding aziridinylamide of beta-/p-chlorobenzoyl/ propionic acid 3. The sodium salt of acid 4 and methyl ester 6 were converted by reactions with ethylenimine into appropriate alpha-aziridinyl derivatives 5 and 7. The acid 4 in the reaction with phosphorus pentachloride gives the acid chloride 8 which is transformed under the influence of appropriate amines into corresponding amides 9-13. These amides react with ethylenimine giving the appropriate alpha-aziridinyl derivatives of beta-/p-chlorobenzoyl/-propionic acid 14-18. Pharmacological analysis revealed that the compounds studied possessed immunotropic activity; they modulate both humoral as well as cellular immune response. Their effect has been shown to be related to chemical structure and to substituents of the carboxyl group in particular. PMID- 3496064 TI - Evaluation of human blood monocytes in erythrophagocytosis assay with anti-Rh antibodies. AB - Results of the phagocytosis assay with monocytes and erythrocytes sensitized with subclass specific anti-Rh(D) antibodies (IgG1, IgG3, IgG1 + 3) are dependent on the selection of sera used for sensitization. Phagocytic abilities expressed as the percentage of active monocytes as well as the number of interacting red cells requires a certain degree of the sensitization of erythrocytes and is higher if serum contains IgG3 antibodies. PMID- 3496065 TI - Evaluation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in children suffering from spinal muscular atrophy. AB - A study of certain parameters of cellular and humoral immunity of 56 children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), treated in Children's Memorial Hospital, was undertaken to explain the observed frequent and serious respiratory tract infections. The main differences between a group of patients and the control group were found in the serum IgA and IgM concentrations, a number of peripheral B cells, and in the response to skin tests. Among all the methods applied, the skin tests seem to provide the best information concerning the child immunity system. The observed abnormalities were almost parallel to the severity of the SMA course. PMID- 3496066 TI - Culture of abdominal aortic aneurysm contents. An additional series. AB - We evaluated the microbiologic nature of aneurysm contents. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were taken from non-blood fluid, laminar thrombus, or ulcerated plaque within aortic aneurysms operated on during an eight-year period. Positive bacterial cultures were obtained from 22 (10.4%) of 211 aneurysms. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common organism recovered (12/22, 54%). Bacterial colonization of the arterial wall has a possible role in the pathophysiology of prosthetic graft sepsis. These data are valuable not only in choosing appropriate prophylactic antibiotics for aneurysm repair, but also in experimental efforts to develop an infection-resistant vascular graft by directing the antimicrobial characteristics of agents selected for binding to various prosthetic flow surfaces. PMID- 3496067 TI - [Absenteeism due to rheumatic diseases in the district of Osijek during the past 17 years]. PMID- 3496068 TI - [Characterization of T-lymphocyte subpopulations determined by monoclonal antibodies in chronic Chagas' cardiopathy]. PMID- 3496069 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of epilepsy in Sao Paulo: a prevalence study]. AB - Several studies on epidemiology of epilepsy were carried out in different parts of the world. However, the majority of their data was collected from hospitals, clinics, individual physicians and or small communities. Although these studies have contributed to our knowledge as to the risk factors of epilepsy, some of them have prevented us from further generalization, since the prevalence rates of the phenomena were not known for the entire population where from they were derived. Latin America has remained without epidemiological data, specially prevalence rates, for many years. A house-to-house survey was programmed by the Brazilian League of Epilepsy in the urban area of S. Paulo City the third largest cosmopolitan city in the world: 13 million inhabitants in 1980. A significant sample of 2011 houses was chosen by statistical means. A total of 7603 interviews were performed by 50 senior medical students and nurses, and 388 persons were considered suspect and further referred to our University Hospital for other studies; 348 of these were examined, and in 91 the diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed, thus producing a prevalence rate 11.9 per 1000. PMID- 3496070 TI - Influence of reuse and of reuse sterilants on the first-use syndrome. AB - Over a 4 year period, five of 98 patients at our dialysis unit developed signs and symptoms consistent with first-use syndrome (FUS). Marked improvement was noted after subjecting new dialyzers to automated processing using either formaldehyde or peracetic acid. No episodes of FUS occurred in patients being treated with reused dialyzers. Use of formaldehyde sterilization was associated with development of anti-N-like antibodies in the blood of four (8%) of 50 patients over a follow-up period of 14 months. In two patients on the reuse program, itching during dialysis resolved after changing from formaldehyde sterilization to a method using peracetic acid. Our results confirm the beneficial effects of reuse with regard to first-use syndrome. However, our data also suggest that use of formaldehyde, the most common reuse sterilant, continues to be associated with undesirable clinical and laboratory side effects. PMID- 3496071 TI - Ex vivo biocompatibility evaluation of a new modified cellulose membrane. AB - To evaluate membrane biocompatibility, an open loop ex vivo model was designed simulating the hemodialysis procedure. Blood was withdrawn continuously from healthy nonuremic donors, heparinized, and pumped through a module containing the membrane to be studied. C3a generation in the module was determined at various time points comparing the cuprammonium cellulose (CC) membrane and four types of modified cellulose (MC) membrane, each with a different degree of hydroxyl (OH-) group substitution. In other studies, C3a generation in the ex vivo mode was compared with that during in vivo dialysis. In the ex vivo model, C3a generation with MC membranes was reduced by 70% compared with CC. However, within the MC group, the degree of C3a generation did not correlate with the degree of OH-group substitution. In vivo studies confirmed the reduced degree of C3a generation with the MC membrane compared with CC. Additionally, validation studies using the CC membrane showed excellent agreement between C3a generation during ex vivo perfusion and in vivo dialysis. The results suggest that a group of new MC membranes causes substantially less complement activation than the CC membrane but that the degree of complement activation with various subtypes of MC membranes is not related to the degree of OH-group substitution. PMID- 3496072 TI - Complement activation during hemodialysis: laboratory evaluation of hemodialyzers. AB - A laboratory method that facilitates delineation of the complement-activating characteristics of various dialyzers under defined conditions has been developed. Results obtained by circulating reconstituted human serum through these devices and measuring time-dependent production of both C3a and C5a antigens are entirely consistent with previous clinical observations. For example, the complement activating potential of dialyzer membranes could be described as high (cuprammonium cellulose), moderate (cellulose acetate), or low (polycarbonate or polyacrylonitrile). Furthermore, these techniques provided the opportunity to identify membrane characteristics that are not readily defined by clinical studies alone. Specifically, membranes that transported and absorbed C5a antigen were readily identified by these methods. Additionally, laboratory evaluation provided the unique ability to define the efficiency of complement activation taking place on the membrane surface. Results of these investigations are compatible with a hypothetical model that not only describes the properties of a typical dialyzer membrane but may be generally applicable to other biomaterials as well. PMID- 3496073 TI - Is contact activation of the coagulation system involved in the genesis of the first-use syndrome? AB - A number of mechanisms have been thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the first-use syndrome. These include IgE antibody-mediated response to ethylene oxide-related antigens, membrane activation of the alternative complement pathway, activation of tissue mast cells and basophils by materials released from the dialyzer into the circulation, and transfer of bacterial products through high flux dialyzer. However, the possible role of the activation of blood coagulation system and platelets during dialysis has not been considered. The present communication reviews the theoretical basis for a possible connection between dialysis-induced activation of platelets and coagulation system with the first-use syndrome. Although the available data concerning the activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway during dialysis are conflicting, there is no controversy as to the occurrence of platelet activation. It is suggested that biochemical events triggered by activation of these systems may in part contribute to the genesis of first-use syndrome. PMID- 3496074 TI - Differential effect of hemodialysis membranes on human lymphocyte natural killer function. AB - Lymphocytes exposed to cuprammonium cellulose membranes have been shown to exhibit depressed natural killer (NK) function. In the present study we investigated the extent to which three dialyzer membranes of different compositions suppressed human lymphocyte NK activity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes or T cells from normal donors were exposed in vitro to cuprammonium cellulose, cellulose acetate, or polycarbonate dialyzer membranes. After exposure to the membranes, NK activity of the cells was studied by using the NK-sensitive cell line K562 as targets. All three membranes adversely affected human lymphocyte NK function, with cuprammonium cellulose producing the most (70-80%) and polycarbonate producing the least (10-15%) suppression. Our results suggest that the composition of dialyzer membranes affects the extent to which the membranes impair human lymphocyte function. The use of more biocompatible membranes might lessen the potential clinical impact of abnormal NK function in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 3496075 TI - Early and delayed SPECT using N-isopropyl p-iodoamphetamine iodine 123 in cerebral ischemia. A prognostic index for clinical recovery. AB - Sixteen patients with stroke, five patients with permanent regressive ischemic neurologic deficit, and three patients with transient ischemic attacks were studied by single photon emission computed tomography performed within the first hour (early scan) and four hours (delayed scan) after injection of N-isopropyl-p iodoamphetamine-iodine-123 (IMP). These patients were classified into three groups according to their clinical improvement three months later, and results of single photon emission computed tomography were compared with computed tomographic scan results and correlated to the clinical outcome. Regional brain hypoactivity of IMP differed in some cases between early and delayed IMP scans, showing in those cases a "redistribution" activity. The amplitude of this redistribution was significantly correlated with the clinical outcome of patients with stroke, whereas the value of hypoactivity on early IMP scan did not show such a correlation. The higher the redistribution amplitude was, the better was the clinical outcome. Comparative regional brain hypoactivity of IMP on early and delayed scans could represent a prognostic index of clinical recovery inasmuch as it gives information concerning viability of ischemic brain tissue. PMID- 3496076 TI - Rectal bleeding: when and how to investigate. PMID- 3496077 TI - [Classification of optokinetic after-nystagmus and its topographical-diagnostic significance in man]. AB - The existence of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) has long been known, as far back as the age of Barany. The term OKAN means nystagmus appearing after first inducing optokinetic nystagmus, and then the optokinetic stimulation is removed. It appears easily with the eyes open in a dark place. There have been various theories about the mechanism of the onset of OKAN. Sakata et al. previously classified the types of OKAN into the following 7 types: 1) The normal type, (2) the directional preponderance type, (3) the disinhibitory type, (4) the inversive type, (5) the inhibitory type, (6) the dysmetric type, (7) the clonic type. In the present study, the authors performed a vestibular equilibrium function inspection, including an OKAN inspection, on about 10,000 patients who visited the Department of Neuro-Otology with complaints of vertigo and equilibrium disturbance. The results of the inspection were classified in accordance with Sakata's method, and the diagnostic contribution of the OKAN inspection was examined. The diagnostic significance of the OKAN inspection is considered as follows: (1) This inspection can detect a very small difference between the left and right of nystagmus in the vestibular-optokinetic system, which difference cannot be detected with OKP inspection giving a rather strong stimulation or with the caloric test giving a non-physiological strong stimulation. (2) This can be a focal localization diagnostic method by the classification by type. PMID- 3496078 TI - Frequencies of language disabilities and their family patterns in Porto Alegre, Brazil. PMID- 3496079 TI - Ionizing-radiation-induced damage in the DNA of cultured human cells. Identification of 8,5-cyclo-2-deoxyguanosine. AB - Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed peripheral-blood B-lymphocytes were gamma irradiated at 0 degree C at doses from 10 to 100 Gy. The cells were immediately lysed and the DNA was isolated. Subsequently, the DNA was hydrolysed to 2' deoxyribonucleosides with a mixture of DNAase I, venom and spleen exonucleases and alkaline phosphatase. The hydrolysate was dried, trimethylsilylated and analysed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. The (5'R)- and (5'S)-diastereomers of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine were observed in a ratio of 1:3, and their formation was dose-dependent. It was possible to detect and characterize one such lesion in approx. 4 X 10(4) guanine nucleotide subunits of DNA. PMID- 3496081 TI - Rapid increases in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate and cytosolic free Ca2+ in agonist-stimulated pancreatic acini of the rat. Effect of carbachol, caerulein and secretin. AB - We compared the time course of increases in isomers of inositol trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and Ins(1,3,4)P3] and the tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] with changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) in dispersed pancreatic acini of the rat. There were rapid (5s) increases in Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in response to carbachol, caerulein and secretin, whereas Ins(1,3,4)P3 increased more slowly. All three secretagogues induced increases in [Ca2+]i, which reached a peak at 15-20 s. Our results indicate that the very rapid formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 is compatible with its second-messenger role in the initial elevation of [Ca2+]i. PMID- 3496080 TI - Characterization of interleukin 2-stimulated phosphorylation of 67 and 63 kDa proteins in human T-cells. AB - We have investigated rapid and marked phosphorylation of cellular proteins induced by interleukin 2 (IL-2) in both phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated normal peripheral blood leucocytes, and IL-2-dependent or -independent human T-cell lines bearing human T-cell leukaemia (lymphotropic) virus type I. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis showed that the IL-2-induced phosphoprotein was of Mr 67,000 with a pI of 5.8 (pp67) and was distinct from the IL-2 receptor. IL-2 also stimulated phosphorylation of four other proteins, with an Mr of 63,000 and pI values 5.3-6.1 (pp63s). The stimulation of pp67 phosphorylation was observed within 5 min after addition of IL-2 and was maximal after 15 min. The maximal phosphorylation was more than 10-fold that observed initially. In IL-2-dependent cells, IL-2 dose responses of pp67 phosphorylation and cell proliferation were exactly correlated. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that the phosphorylation site of pp67 and pp63s was a serine residue. Subcellular-fractionation studies indicated that pp67 was localized in cytosol, whereas pp63s phosphorylation was induced by IL-2 in nuclear and cytosol fractions. Similar phosphorylation of pp67 and pp63s was observed when the cells were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate instead of IL-2. These results suggest that IL-2-IL-2-receptor interaction leads to activation of protein kinase(s), resulting in phosphorylation of certain cellular proteins such as pp67 and pp63s, and that this phosphorylation could be an early event in the transmission of intracellular growth signalling from the IL-2 receptors. PMID- 3496082 TI - The influx of Ca2+ induced by the administration of glucagon and Ca2+-mobilizing agents to the perfused rat liver could involve at least two separate pathways. AB - The Ca2+-mobilizing actions of ADP, ATP and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and their interaction with glucagon were studied in a perfused liver system incorporating a Ca2+-selective electrode. ADP (1-100 microM), ATP (1-100 microM) and EGF (10-50 nM) all induced a net efflux, followed by a net uptake of Ca2+ in the intact liver. The co-administration of glucagon (or of cyclic AMP) with these agents resulted in a synergistic potentiation of the Ca2+ uptake response in a way which resembles the synergism observed when glucagon is administered with phenylephrine, vasopressin or angiotensin [Altin & Bygrave (1986) Biochem J. 238, 653-661]. The inability of diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine to inhibit the Ca2+-influx response suggests that the stimulation of Ca2+ influx does not occur through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. By contrast, the synergistic effects of glucagon in the stimulation of Ca2+ influx are inhibited by 10 mM-neomycin, and a lowering of the extracellular pH to 6.8. Simultaneous measurements of perfusate Ca2+ and pH changes suggest that the Ca2+ influx response is not mediated by a Ca2+/H+ exchange. The inability of neomycin and low extracellular pH to inhibit the refilling of the hormone-sensitive pool of Ca2+, after the administration of Ca2+-mobilizing agents alone, provides evidence for the existence in liver of at least two Ca2+-influx pathways, or mechanisms for regulating Ca2+ influx. PMID- 3496083 TI - Inhibition of intracellular protein degradation by ethanol in perfused rat liver. AB - Ethanol (50 mM) inhibited proteolysis in the perfused rat liver during stringent amino acid deprivation and also in the presence of normal and 10 times normal concentrations of plasma amino acids. The concentration-response curve of ethanol reached a plateau after 5 mM in both the presence and the absence of normal plasma amino acids, suggesting inhibition by oxidation products of ethanol. Intracellular glutamine, tyrosine and proline increased in concentration with ethanol, but the increases were too small to explain the observed inhibition of proteolysis. The uptake of 125I-asialofetuin was slightly decreased and the output of ammonia increased in the presence of ethanol. These, together with a significant suppression of basal proteolysis in the presence of amino acids, suggest that lysosomal function was directly affected. Electron-microscopic examination of lysosomal components showed that the aggregate volume of autophagosomes (initial vacuoles) were significantly smaller in livers perfused with ethanol than in controls. However, the equivalent volume of autolysosomes (degradative vacuoles) was the same in both groups. According to these results, ethanol inhibits protein degradation in the liver by two discrete mechanisms: one decreasing the formation of autophagic vacuoles and the other involving lysosomotropic inhibition, possibly via ammonia. PMID- 3496085 TI - Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in guinea-pig hepatocytes. AB - Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate was investigated in permeabilized guinea-pig hepatocytes. The conversion of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to a more polar 3H-labelled compound occurred rapidly and was detected as early as 5 s. This material co-eluted from h.p.l.c. with inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakis[32P]phosphate and is presumably an inositol tetrakisphosphate. A significant increase in the 3H-labelled material co-eluting from h.p.l.c. with inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate occurred only after a definite lag period. Incubation of permeabilized hepatocytes with inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakis[32P]phosphate resulted in the formation of 32P-labelled material that co eluted with inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate; no inositol 1,4,5-tris[32P]phosphate was produced, suggesting the action of a 5-phosphomonoesterase. The half-time of hydrolysis of inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakis[32P]phosphate of approx. 1 min was increased to 3 min by 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. Similarly, the rate of production of material tentatively designed as inositol 1,3,4-tris[32P]phosphate from the tetrakisphosphate was reduced by 10 mM-2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. In the absence of ATP there was no conversion of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to [3H]inositol tetrakisphosphate or to [3H]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, which suggests that the 1,3,4 isomer does not result from isomerization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The results of this study suggest that the origin of the 1,3,4 isomer of inositol trisphosphate in isolated hepatocytes is inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is rapidly converted to this tetrakisphosphate. The ability of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid, an inhibitor of 5-phosphomonoesterase of red blood cell membrane, to inhibit the breakdown of the tetrakisphosphate suggests that the enzyme which removes the 5 phosphate from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate may also act to convert the tetrakisphosphate to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate. It is not known if the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase is to inactivate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or whether the tetrakisphosphate product may have a messenger function in the cell. PMID- 3496086 TI - Stimulation of the 23-Kd protein cAMP dependent phosphorylation by inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate in human platelet membrane vesicles. AB - The effect of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) has been investigated on the cAMP-induced phosphorylation of the 23-Kd protein involved in platelet calcium fluxes by isolated membrane vesicles. The studies were conducted using the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (C. Sub.). A dose dependent stimulation of the 23 Kd protein phosphorylation induced by C. Sub. was initiated by IP3 with a half-maximal effect of 0.5 microM. The maximal effect was observed after 1-2 min. The effect was detected in the absence of Ca2+ and in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors. These results can suggest that the 23 Kd is an associated protein to the IP3 receptor in human platelets. PMID- 3496084 TI - Purification and characterization of alpha-amylase from rat pancreatic acinar carcinoma. Comparison with pancreatic alpha-amylase. AB - alpha-Amylase was purified to apparent homogeneity from normal pancreas and a transplantable pancreatic acinar carcinoma of the rat by affinity chromatography on alpha-glucohydrolase inhibitor (alpha-GHI) bound to aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B. Recovery was 95-100% for both pancreas and tumour alpha-amylases. They were monomeric proteins, with Mr approx. 54000 on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing of both normal and tumour alpha-amylases resolved each into two major isoenzymes, with pI 8.3 and 8.7. Tumour-derived alpha-amylase contained two additional minor isoenzymes, with pI 7.6 and 6.95 respectively. All four tumour isoenzymes demonstrated amylolytic activity when isoelectric-focused gels were treated with starch and stained with iodine. Two dimensional electrophoresis, on SDS/10-20%-polyacrylamide-gradient gels after isoelectric focusing, separated each major isoenzyme into doublets of similar Mr values. Pancreatic and tumour-derived alpha-amylases had similar Km and Ki (alpha GHI) values, but the specific activity of the tumour alpha-amylase was approximately two-thirds that of the normal alpha-amylase. Although amino acid analysis and peptide mapping with the use of CNBr, N-chlorosuccinimide or Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase gave comparable profiles for the two alpha amylases, tryptic-digest fingerprint patterns were different. Antibodies raised against the purified pancreatic alpha-amylase and tumour alpha-amylase respectively showed only one positive band on immunoblotting after gel electrophoresis of crude extracts of rat pancreas and carcinoma, at the same position as that of the purified enzyme. More than 95% of the alpha-amylase activity in the pancreas and in the tumour was absorbed by an excess amount of either antibody, indicating that normal and tumour alpha-amylases are immunologically identical. The presence of additional isoenzymes in the carcinoma, and dissimilarity of tryptic-digest patterns, may reflect an alteration in gene expression or in the post-translational modification of this protein in this heterogeneously differentiated transplantable pancreatic acinar carcinoma. PMID- 3496087 TI - Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by IL 2 in human T lymphocytes is mediated by protein kinase C. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) inhibited basal as well as PGE2, isoproterenol and forskolin stimulated cAMP production in human T lymphocytes. Although the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by activators of the enzyme was evident in lymphocyte membrane preparations, the inhibitory effect of IL 2 was observed only if cells were pretreated with IL 2 and the membranes activated with Ca++ and ATP. Additionally, when purified protein kinase C was reconstituted into untreated membranes and activated with Ca++ and ATP, both receptor and non-receptor stimulated adenylate cyclase was inhibited. These results suggest that the inhibition of adenylate cyclase in human T lymphocytes by IL 2 is mediated by protein kinase C. PMID- 3496088 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) enhances antibody production and protein kinase activity in murine B cells. AB - Treatment of murine spleen cells with 30 nM TCDD resulted in an approximately 3 fold increase in unstimulated antibody production after 3 days in culture. This response was not accompanied by increased cellular proliferation and may represent an effect of TCDD on B cell activation or differentiation. Since PMA is capable of activating B cells, presumably via PKC, we have compared the effects of PMA and TCDD on protein kinase activation and phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in a highly purified preparation of B cells. In contrast to a reduction of cytosolic PKC activity, the expected effect of PMA, TCDD caused an increase in basal kinase activity with no effect on PKC activity. Addition of either PMA or TCDD resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of a similar profile of proteins, including proteins of Mr 12.2, 14.6, 29.2, 52.3 and 62.7 KDa. Addition of TCDD also resulted in the increased phosphorylation of a protein of Mr 45.2, which was unaffected by PMA. Combined treatment with PMA and TCDD resulted in additive responses. The additive effects of PMA and TCDD suggest an interaction at the level of protein phosphorylation which is mediated by different kinases. Therefore, TCDD may be stimulating B cells via an early effect on an unidentified protein kinase. PMID- 3496090 TI - The 2',3'-dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine and its 2',3'-didehydro derivative inhibit the deamination of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. AB - The 2',3'-dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine (ddDAPR) and its 2',3'-didehydro derivative (ddeDAPR) are poor substrates for adenosine deaminase (ADA) but potent inhibitors of the enzyme. Their Km values for ADA are of the same order of magnitude as those of the natural adenosine (Ado) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), but their Vmax values are 35-fold (ddDAPR) to 350-fold (ddeDAPR) lower than those of Ado and dAdo. The Ki/K values of ADA for ddeDAPR (as inhibitor) and Ado, 2',3' dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (araA) as the substrates are 0.17, 0.05 and 0.06, respectively. ddDAPR is about 3-fold less potent as an inhibitor of ADA than ddeDAPR. The 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives ddeDAPR and ddDAPR [which is also a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)], may hold great promise, from a chemotherapeutic viewpoint, in combination with other adenosine analogues such as ddAdo and araA, which have been recognized and/or being pursued as either anti-retrovirus or anti herpesvirus agents. PMID- 3496089 TI - The 2',3'-dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine selectively inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro. AB - The 2',3'-dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine(ddDAPR) is, like 2',3' dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo), a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The ddDAPR compound inhibits HIV antigen expression and HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in MT4 cells at a 50% effective dose (ED50) of 2.5-3.6 microM, as compared to 3.1-6.4 microM for ddAdo. Both compounds are endowed with a high selectivity index: 112 for ddDAPR and 139 for ddAdo. The 2',3'-unsaturated derivatives of ddDAPR and ddAdo, i.e. ddeDAPR and ddeAdo, are considerably more cytotoxic and less effective against HIV than the parental compounds. Like ddAdo, ddDAPR is only weakly inhibitory to the proliferation and DNA and RNA synthesis of a series of human B-lymphoblast, T-lymphoblast and T lymphocyte cell lines. In contrast to ddAdo, which is rapidly deaminated by beef intestine adenosine deaminase at an initial velocity (Vi) of 145 mumol/mg protein/min, ddDAPR and ddeDAPR are poor substrates for the enzyme (Vi: 8 and 0.7 mumol/mg protein/min, respectively), which further contributes to the potential of ddDAPR as a chemotherapeutic agent against AIDS. PMID- 3496091 TI - Tumor necrosis factor type alpha (cachectin) stimulates mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) to produce macrophage-colony stimulating activity and prostaglandin E2. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced bone resorption, the effects of recombinant human TNF-alpha on mouse osteoblast like cells (MC3T3-E1) were studied. TNF-alpha stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and macrophage colony stimulating activity (M CSA) in a dose-dependent manner. TNF decreased alkaline phosphatase (AL-P) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. These TNF effects were observed at 1 ng/ml (approximately 6 X 10(-11)M). The inhibitory effect on AL-P activity was reversible and the cell growth of MC3T3-E1 cells was only slightly affected by TNF. These findings suggest that both PGE2 and M-CSA stimulated by TNF-alpha are possibly involved in osteoblast-mediated osteoclastic bone resorption, whereas inhibition of AL-P activity may lead to a decrease in bone formation. PMID- 3496092 TI - Transient induction of photolyase activity in arrested frog cells in response to a short-wave ultraviolet segment of simulated "sunlight". AB - Induction of photolyase activity was studied in cultured frog cells using clonogenic assays. Exposure of arrested cells to a pre-irradiation (90% survival) of 254 nm ultraviolet light resulted in a transient enhancement of photolyase activity. Cells expressed a decreased level of photolyase activity in response to an equitoxic fluence of simulated "sunlight" wavelengths 280-310 nm. However, no significant increase of enzyme activity was detected in cells following treatment with "sunlight" wavelengths 310-330 nm. In addition, this process depends on newly biosynthesized protein(s). PMID- 3496094 TI - Phosphorylation of ras oncogene product by protein kinase C. AB - The Harvey (H)-ras oncogene product, p21, can be phosphorylated by protein kinase C in vitro at sites distinct from the site of autophosphorylation of p21. Serine was found to be the main phosphate acceptor. Kinetic studies revealed a high apparent affinity but a much lower turnover for the phosphorylation of p21 as compared with that of the phosphorylation of histone by protein kinase C. Indirect association between protein kinase C and p21 was suggested by the co immunoprecipitation of both proteins with either anti-protein kinase C or anti p21 antibodies. PMID- 3496093 TI - Competition of a growth stimulating-/cholecystokinin (CCK) releasing-peptide (monitor peptide) with epidermal growth factor for binding to 3T3 fibroblasts. AB - The growth stimulating-/cholecystokinin (CCK) releasing-peptide (monitor peptide) is a peptide purified from rat bile-pancreatic juice on the basis of its stimulatory activity toward pancreatic enzyme secretion. Its multiple functions and peptide sequence suggested that it is distinct from epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, we found that the peptide competes with [125I]-EGF in the binding to Swiss 3T3 fibroblast cells to almost the same extent as unlabeled EGF does. [125I]-EGF binding was inhibited by 50% by the peptide at 82.8 ng/ml and by unlabeled EGF at 71.4 ng/ml. This suggests that the growth stimulating effect of the peptide on 3T3 fibroblasts is mediated via the EGF receptor, and also suggests that the partial homologous sequence between monitor peptide and EGF is required for the receptor binding, or that the EGF receptor has a broad ligand specificity. PMID- 3496095 TI - Production of inositol pentakisphosphate in a human T lymphocyte cell line. AB - The human T lymphocyte cell line, Jurkat, produced five distinct water soluble, inositol-containing compounds following a period of labeling with 3H-myo-inositol and several hours of incubation in non-radioactive complete medium. The less polar four peaks had been previously shown to be inositol phosphates, InsP through InsP4. Here, we demonstrate that the prominent fifth, very polar, peak was inositol pentakisphosphate, InsP5. The pattern of incorporation of 3H-myo inositol into InsP5 differed from that of incorporation into other inositol phosphates. InsP5, unlike the second messengers, InsP3 and InsP4, was not increased by perturbation of the T cell receptor/T3 complex. PMID- 3496096 TI - 1,25(OH)2D3 increases cytosolic Ca++ concentration of osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-E1. AB - Effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in vitro on cytosolic Ca++ concentration of osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) was studied. Marked but transient increase of cytosolic Ca++ concentration of osteoblastic cells was observed following the addition of 10 pg/ml of 1,25(OH)2D3, but not with 10 pg/ml of 24,25(OH)2D3. The increase of cytosolic Ca++ concentration of osteoblastic cells by 1,25(OH)2D3 was not observed when the cells were incubated in Ca++ free medium. Therefore, it was concluded that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased cytosolic Ca++ concentration of osteoblastic cells through the increase of Ca++ influx into the cells. PMID- 3496097 TI - Inhibitory effect of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha and beta on growth of human vascular endothelial cells. AB - Endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) is a potent polypeptide mitogen which stimulates the growth of endothelial cells. The mitogenic effect of ECGF was inhibited by addition of recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1) alpha or beta in a concentration dependent manner. The morphological change was not observed distinctly. In the condition without ECGF, both types of rIL-1 enhanced [3H] thymidine uptake slightly, but failed to increase cell numbers. These data suggest the possibility that the effect of rIL-1 on EC is modulated by the presence of ECGF. PMID- 3496098 TI - Limited effects of recombinant human and murine interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor on production of acute phase proteins by cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Albumin, fibrinogen, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and cysteine proteinase inhibitor were determined by electroimmunoassay in the media of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to dialysed supernatants of rat, mouse and human macrophages or to recombinant human and murine interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor. Recombinant cytokines in the range of 1 to 1000 ng/ml caused only reduction of albumin synthesis and slight stimulation of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein production while crude preparations of macrophage cytokines elicited typical acute phase response. The results suggest that interleukin 1 or tumour necrosis factor are not likely the principal mediators responsible for the direct stimulation of normal rat hepatocytes to acute phase protein synthesis. PMID- 3496100 TI - Characterization of the purine-reactive site of the rat testis cytosolic adenylate cyclase. AB - Naturally soluble rat germ cell adenylate cyclase was inhibited by adenosine and the adenosine analogs, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine (AFA) and 2',5' dideoxyadenosine (DDA), all of which inhibited hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclases at the "P" site. The IC50 values for adenosine and DDA were approximately 0.1 and for AFA, 4.0 mM. The onset of adenosine inhibition was very rapid whether adenosine was added to the enzyme reactant mixture at time zero concomitantly with the addition of substrate or after the enzyme had been activated by the addition of substrate. The adenosine analogs, N6-methyladenosine (MeA) and N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), which interact with plasma membrane receptors ("R" receptors) for hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase, had little effect on the activity of the cytosolic adenylate cyclase. Additionally, aminophylline, which has been shown to competitively antagonize adenosine interactions with the plasma membrane "R" receptors but not "P" site interactions, had no effect upon substrate activation of the soluble enzyme and did not prevent adenosine from inhibiting the activity of the enzyme. These data provide evidence for an adenosine regulatory site on the cytosolic enzyme which resembles the "P" site described for membrane bound-adenylate cyclase. PMID- 3496099 TI - Inhibition of cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation reactions by MAO inhibitors in rat liver microsomes. AB - The inhibition of cytochrome P-450 dependent hydroxylations of bufuralol (BH) and antipyrine, and O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-ECOD) by several monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) was investigated in rat liver microsomes. According to their IC50 values, clorgyline was the most potent inhibitor while toloxatone, the only reversible MAOI in this study, was the least potent. A great variability of inhibitory potencies was found, even in the same chemical class of MAOIs. Irreversible inhibition of BH and 7-ECOD has been studied. Rapid irreversible inhibition occurred in some cases, and this could be responsible for in vivo inhibition after repeated dosing of these MAOIs. PMID- 3496101 TI - Kinins and bone resorption in rheumatic disease. PMID- 3496102 TI - Therapeutic activities of nitrothiazoles against trichomonads. AB - Certain nitrothiazole derivatives, such as niridazole (Ba 32644, Ambilhar), exert pronounced activities against several trichomonad strains when tested under anaerobic conditions comparable to those of the nitroimidazole derivatives. Few compounds of the nitrothiazole group, however, are markedly less active in vitro. The in vivo activity of the nitrothiazole derivatives as determined in mice infected subcutaneously with T. foetus, is as good as that of metronidazole. A nitrothiazole derivative with a laminar side chain is inactive in vivo after oral administration, although it shows pronounced antitrichomonad activity in vitro. PMID- 3496103 TI - [Intrabronchial deviation of a stomach tube--a case report]. PMID- 3496104 TI - [Therapeutic use of the neurotron in various medical fields]. PMID- 3496106 TI - [The use of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in sport trauma. Multidisciplinary study in professional athletes]. PMID- 3496105 TI - Isolation and characterization of human urinary colony-stimulating factor. AB - CSF-1 was isolated from a large volume of human normal urine (10,000 l), using the following 5 stages of purification: concentration by dialysis, silica gel adsorption, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose CL-6B, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and finally preparative electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. We have isolated 8 mg of purified CSF-1 which migrated as a single band under non-reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE (staining with Coomassie Blue and the sensitive silver techniques). But in the presence of dithiothreitol, the SDS-PAGE pattern revealed a minor second band with a molecular mass of 50,000 Da. CSF-1 was purified 100,000-fold and has a specific activity of 2.16 X 10(7) units/mg protein. Its apparent molecular mass is 57,000 Da with an isoelectric point, pI = 5.8-6.0. The amino-acid composition is reported and compared with that of murine CSF-1. The carbohydrate content (sialic acid, sulphate groups, N acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine) was also determined, and it shows that CSF is a glycoprotein. PMID- 3496107 TI - Endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. AB - We describe a case of bacterial endophthalmitis complicating routine cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in a 91-year-old woman. The ocular and systemic factors that may have predisposed to intraocular infection in this case, and the possibility of predicting these pre-operatively, are discussed. PMID- 3496108 TI - Exogenous triiodothyronine activates bone remodeling. AB - The effect of exogenous triiodothyronine (T3) as an activator of bone remodeling was investigated by measuring biochemical marker levels. Fourteen people received 100-160 micrograms of T3 for 1 week and were followed for a total of 10 weeks. Serum T3 increased markedly during the first week, whereas serum TSH and serum thyroxine (T4) decreased. Bone resorption was stimulated during the first week as evaluated from serum calcium and renal excretion of calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyproline. Serum osteocalcin showed an increase in the first week, probably caused by stimulation of existing osteoblasts. Serum alkaline phosphatase increased from week 6 to week 8, and serum osteocalcin increased at week 8 to a level higher than the initial level. The results indicate that T3 acts as an activator of bone remodeling and initiates bone resorption followed by bone formation. The observed timetable for the remodeling sequence is in accordance with that obtained by bone histomorphometry. Osteopenic states may be treated by synchronizing the skeletal remodeling processes and then selectively depressing bone resorption with calcitonin or diphosphonates (ADFR treatment). Synchronization may be achieved by short-term treatment with a drug that stimulates the formation rate of new remodeling cycles (an activator). The results from this study indicate that exogenous T3 may be used as an activator. PMID- 3496109 TI - Magnetic resonance velocity mapping: clinical application of a new technique. AB - Magnetic resonance velocity mapping is a new technique which provides a display of velocity within the cardiovascular system at any point of the cardiac cycle. A short field echo sequence with even echo rephasing is used to obtain a signal from rapidly moving blood and a cine display is provided by rapid repetition of the sequence. The amplitude image shows the anatomy, with blood giving a high signal and areas of turbulent flow no signal. The phase image is a map of velocities at each point in the image plane. Thirteen cases are described in which the technique either provided a diagnosis or helped in functional assessment. Flow through atrial and ventricular septal defects was seen, although turbulent flow distal to the ventricular shunts led to some loss of quantitative information. In three patients with valve disease jets of abnormal flow were seen because of signal loss and it is suggested that the size of the area of turbulence may be used to quantify the severity of regurgitation. Velocities were measured in four coronary artery bypass grafts in two patients, and low velocity was seen in a graft with distal disease that supplied the infarcted territory. Velocity was reduced distal to an aortic coarctation and it was increased at the site of narrowing caused by thrombosis in a deep vein. The speed and direction of flow in the central vessels in a patient with complex congenital heart disease helped to establish the anatomy. The technique provides useful information in a wide range of disorders of the cardiovascular system, and in some cases may avoid the need for invasive investigation. PMID- 3496110 TI - Flow cytometric quantification of T6-positive cells in psoriatic epidermis after PUVA and methotrexate therapy. AB - We describe a flow cytometric technique for measuring the percentage of T6 positive cells in suspensions prepared by trypsinization of human epidermis. The value obtained for healthy controls (1.55 +/- 0.52%) corresponds to about 600 T6 positive cells per mm2 of skin surface, a figure in line with histological estimates. No significant change was found in the percentage of T6-positive cells in either the uninvolved or lesional epidermis of untreated psoriatic patients. PUVA treatment resulted in a significant reduction in T6-positive cells. A cyclic fluctuation in the numbers of T6-positive cells was shown to accompany methotrexate administration on a weekly divided dose schedule. PMID- 3496111 TI - Long survival in B-CLL correlates with surface IgM kappa phenotype. AB - 200 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) presenting to a single centre over 13 years have been studied. In 72.2% the diagnosis was made on an incidental blood count, and 70.1% were stage A at presentation. Those patients whose cells expressed surface IgM kappa were significantly more likely to be stage A at presentation and significantly less likely to have a lymphocyte count greater than 50 X 10(9)/l, to have progressive disease or to require treatment than those with other classes of surface Ig. Patients whose cells express surface IgM kappa have a significantly longer actuarial survival than others and this is also so when only patients in Binet stage A or when only patients presenting below the age of 75 are studied. By studying all of the cases presenting in a single catchment area we have attempted to avoid the bias against trivial disease likely to be seen in specialist referral centres. PMID- 3496113 TI - Calmodulin and calmodulin binding proteins in amphibian rod outer segments. AB - The calmodulin (CaM) content of fully intact frog rod outer segments (ROS) has been measured. The molar ratio between rhodopsin and total CaM in ROS is 800:1. This is in good agreement with the data reported for bovine ROS CaM [Kohnken, R. E., Chafouleas, J. G., Eadie, D. M., Means, A. R., & McConnell, D.G. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12517-12522]. In the absence of Ca2+, the ROS membrane fraction contains only 4% of total ROS CaM. In contrast, in the presence of Ca2+, 15% of total ROS CaM is found in the membrane fraction. For half-maximal binding of CaM to CaM-depleted ROS membranes, 3 X 10(-7) M Ca2+ is required. This CaM binding is inhibited by trifluoperazine. CaM binding proteins in the ROS membrane fraction are identified by using two different methods: the overlay method and the use of 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) (DTSSP), a bifunctional cross linking reagent. Ca2+-dependent CaM binding proteins with apparent molecular weights of 240,000, 140,000, 53,000, and 47,000 are detected in the ROS membrane fraction by the overlay method. Anomalous, Ca2+-independent CaM binding to rhodopsin is also detected with this method, and this CaM binding is inhibited by the presence of Ca2+. With the bifunctional cross-linking reagent, DTSSP, three discrete proteins with molecular weights of 240,000, 53,000, and 47,000 are detected in the native ROS membrane fraction. CaM binding to rhodopsin is not detected with this method. Moreover, while the Mr 140,000 band is not detected with DTSSP, a smeared band with a molecular weight between 78,000 and 93,000 is identified (with DTSSP) in the ROS membrane fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496112 TI - Neurobehavioural effects of occupational exposure to organic solvents among construction painters. AB - A cross sectional study of 101 construction painters was performed to investigate the relation between exposure to mixed organic solvents and changes in central nervous system function. Solvent exposure was estimated using questionnaire data to derive an exposure index (a measure of intensity of exposure) and to estimate the duration and frequency of exposure. Adverse effects on the central nervous system were assessed by self reported questionnaires and eight tests of a computer administered neurobehavioural evaluation system. Factor analysis of both measures of effect yielded factors both biologically plausible and in agreement with other empirical evidence. A consistent positive association was observed between most measures of exposure and the occurrence of neurotoxic symptoms, notably dizziness, nausea, fatigue, problems with arm strength, and feelings of getting "high" from chemicals at work. Associations with exposure were found with the neurobehavioural evaluation system tests of symbol digit substitution and digit span; however, no consistent pattern of effect on neurobehavioural function was observed. This pattern of the occurrence of neurotoxic symptoms without clear evidence of function deficit is consistent with the type 1 toxic central nervous system disorder as classified by the World Health Organisation. PMID- 3496114 TI - Identification of frog photoreceptor plasma and disk membrane proteins by radioiodination. AB - Several functions have been identified for the plasma membrane of the rod outer segment, including control of light-dependent changes in sodium conductance and a sodium-calcium exchange mechanism. However, little is known about its constituent proteins. Intact rod outer segments substantially free of contaminants were prepared in the dark and purified on a density gradient of Percoll. Surface proteins were then labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination, and intact rod outer segments were reisolated. Membrane proteins were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The surface proteins labeled included rhodopsin, the major membrane protein, and 12 other proteins. Several control experiments indicated that the labeled proteins are integral membrane proteins and that label is limited to the plasma membrane. To compare the protein composition of plasma membrane with that of the internal disk membrane, purified rod outer segments were lysed by hypotonic disruption or freeze-thawing, and plasma plus disk membranes were radioiodinated. In these membrane preparations, rhodopsin was the major iodinated constituent, with 12 other proteins also labeled. Autoradiographic evidence indicated some differences in protein composition between disk and plasma membranes. A quantitative comparison of the two samples showed that labeling of two proteins, 24 kilodaltons (kDa) and 13 kDa, was enriched in the plasma membrane, while labeling of a 220-kDa protein was enriched in the disk membrane. These plasma membrane proteins may be associated with important functions such as the light-sensitive conductance and the sodium-calcium exchanger. PMID- 3496115 TI - NMR investigation of the influence of procaine and its metabolites on the water exchange through human erythrocyte membranes. AB - The effect of procaine hydrochloride and its metabolites on the diffusional water exchange through erythrocyte membranes was investigated at 37 degrees C and at concentrations ranging between 5 X 10(-5) M and 5 X 10(-1) M by using the NMR manganese doping method. Procaine hydrochloride and 2-diethylaminoethanol have a moderate stimulating effect on the water exchange, of up to 20% at concentrations ranging between 10(-3) and 10(-2) M, while an increasing inhibitory effect was found at higher concentrations. The p-aminobenzoic acid has no effect on the water exchange up to 10(-2) M and, at higher concentrations, and apparent decreasing inhibition was noticed which is thought to be an artefact due to the uptake of Mn2+ by the cells. The temperature dependence studies suggest that procaine HCl enhances the uptake of Mn2+ by the cells. An opposite effect was found for rigid erythrocytes. The p-aminobenzoic acid and 2-diethylaminoethanol appeared to be more effective than procaine hydrochloride in increasing the uptake of Mn2+. PMID- 3496116 TI - Microelectrode studies of potential difference responses to changes in stromal K+ in bullfrog cornea. AB - The effects of changing stromal K+ were studied using microelectrodes in an in vitro preparation of frog cornea. The intracellular potential (V0) responded in two opposite ways under short-circuit conditions: (1) depolarization (normal response) when stromal K+ was increased from 4 to 20 or to 79 mM, about 30 mV per 10-fold K+ concn. change; (2) a hyperpolarization (anomalous response) of 10 mV maximum when stromal K+ was increased from 0 to 4 mM. The increase from 4 to 20 or 79 mM decreased or even reversed the short-circuit current (Isc). The transepithelial conductance (gt) increased when K+ was increased to 79 mM but no change occurred in the apical membrane fractional resistance (fRo). Increase of stromal K+ from 0 to 4 mM increased Isc and minimally changed gt and fRo. Ouabain (10(-3) M) abolished the anomalous responses, that is, the increases in V0 and Isc when stromal K+ was increased from 0 to 4 mM. These results are interpreted in terms of two K+ conductive pathways in the basolateral membrane of the corneal epithelium, a Nernstian conductance and an electrogenic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase pump transporting more Na+ than K+ ions per cycle. The normal or anomalous potential difference responses to changes in stromal K+ appear to depend on the relative resistance of the two pathways at the time stromal K+ is changed. PMID- 3496117 TI - Peroxidative membrane damage in human erythrocytes induced by a concerted action of iodoacetate, vanadate and ferricyanide. AB - Human erythrocytes incubated without substrate in the presence of iodoacetate (0.2 mM), vanadate (0.5 mM) and ferricyanide (5 mM) form aqueous membrane leaks of equivalent radii of 0.5-0.8 nm leading to complete colloid-osmotic lysis within 180 min. All three components are indispensable for the effect. Inosine but not glucose markedly enhances the rate of hemolysis. These effects are due to oxidative damage, as indicated by concomitant destruction of polyunsaturated fatty acids and suppression of both effects by radical scavengers. Hemoglobin is not oxidized under these conditions. GSH and membrane SH levels remain almost normal, and no crosslinking or irreversible aggregation of membrane proteins is observed. In the absence of O2 no membrane damage can be observed. It is proposed that radical formation originates from reduction of O2 by NADPH, analogous to processes described in microsomal membranes. NADH seems not to be involved, since leak formation occurs in spite of the blockage of NADH formation by iodoacetate. Vanadate and ferricyanide are probably required to amplify the peroxidative reaction sufficiently to overcome the cellular antioxidative capacity. PMID- 3496118 TI - Treatment of a low immunogenic experimental tumour with alloactivated or tumour immune lymphocytes. PMID- 3496119 TI - The determination of subsite binding energies of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase by comparing hydrolytic activity towards substrates. AB - The active centre of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase contains five subsites. Their occupancy has been studied using as a substrate maltooligosaccharide of various chain lengths (maltose up to maltoheptaose), some of their p- and o nitrophenylated derivatives, and 412-residue amylose. Quantitative analysis of the digestion products allowed the determination of the subsite occupancy for the various productive complexes, the bond cleavage frequency and respective kcati (where i is the binding mode). The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) increases with chain length from maltose (2 M-1 X S-1) up to amylose (1.06 X 10(7) M-1 X S-1). The kinetic parameters of p-nitrophenylmaltoside hydrolysis are quite close to those of maltose, and the ortho compound behaves as maltotriose. Determination of binding energy of glucose residue at the various subsites calculated according to the method of Hiromi et al. (Hiromi, K., Nitta, Y., Numata, C. and Ono, S. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 302, 362-375) did not give consistent results. A method is proposed based on certain properties of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase, especially the non-interaction of the p-nitrophenyl moiety of the maltose derivative with subsites 1 and 2, and the o-nitrophenyl group which interacts in a similar way to a glucose residue at the reducing end, and on the grounds that the amylase-amylose complexes are of the productive type. In addition, binding energy differences were calculated from substrates with the same chain length. The subsite energy profile is characterized by a low value at subsite 3 which confirms this subsite as the catalytic one. Another consequence is that the hydrolysis rate constant of productive complexes (kintn) (where n is the number of glucose or glucose equivalent residues for a given substrate) varies with chain length which is in conflict with the hypothesis of Hiromi et al. PMID- 3496120 TI - Interleukin-1 increases collagen production and mRNA levels in cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - In the present study we show that highly purified human interleukin-1 increases collagen production nearly 2-fold and mRNA levels of type I and III collagen over 2.5-fold in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. To minimize the effects of transient prostaglanding E2 production in fibroblasts treated with interleukin-1, the cell cultures were preincubated for 24 h before these measurements were made. The effects of interleukin-1 were also tested on scleroderma fibroblasts exhibiting increased collagen production. Although collagen synthesis was stimulated by interleukin-1 to some degree, the cells grown from both affected and unaffected skin areas were found to be relatively unresponsive to the effects of interleukin-1, suggesting a role for this monokine in the earlier stages of the disease process. The results also suggest that interleukin-1 has a role in stimulation of collagen synthesis under certain normal and pathological conditions in addition to stimulating fibroblast proliferation. PMID- 3496121 TI - [Muscle dipeptides--natural inhibitors of lipid peroxidation]. AB - The effects of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (beta-alanyl-1 methyl-L-histidine) on ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in frog skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum were studied. It was found that the dipeptides (10 50 mM) cause a 25-90% inhibition of ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation and decrease the reaction rate and the amount of end products. The nature of lipid peroxidation primary products in the presence of the dipeptides changes which can be evidenced from changes in their spectral properties. Unlike other known natural antioxidants, skeletal muscle dipeptides do not only inhibit lipid peroxidation but also decrease the level of accumulated lipid peroxidation products. Histidine and beta-alanine, similar to imidazole, glycyl-glycine, arginyl-phenyl alanine and alpha-alanyl-D-histidine do not inhibit lipid peroxidation. At the same time, the carnosine stereoisomer D-carnosine which does not exist in nature exhibits a far greater inhibiting effect as compared to its natural counterpart. It is assumed that the skeletal muscle dipeptides carnosine and anserine are highly effective as natural antioxidants. PMID- 3496122 TI - Vasopressin functions as an endogenous antipyretic in the newborn. AB - These experiments sought to determine the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the inability of newborns to produce a fever. Our data demonstrate that the AVP analog, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O methyl) tyrosine]arginine vasopressin (M-AVP), administered centrally to adult rats, prevented the antipyretic action of centrally injected AVP. Behaviorally thermoregulating 3-day-old rat pups failed to respond to endoxin with a fever, similar to neonates of other species, but when central AVP antipyretic receptors were blocked by pretreatment with M-AVP, the pups were able to raise their body temperature to febrile levels. The antipyretic drug, indomethacin, prevented these fevers. We conclude that endogenous AVP is a physiologically important antipyretic substance in the brain of the newborn rat. PMID- 3496123 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone deprivation in situ on steroidogenesis of rat Leydig cells purified by a multistep procedure. AB - Depriving rats of luteinizing hormone (LH) causes Leydig cells to lose smooth endoplasmic reticulum and diminishes their P450 C17-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase activity (Wing et al., 1984). LH administration to hypophysectomized rats prevents these changes in Leydig cell structure and function (Ewing and Zirkin, 1983). We adopted a multistep procedure of rat Leydig cell isolation to study the trophic effects of LH on steroidogenesis in the Leydig cell. Our method employs vascular perfusion, enzymatic dissociation, centrifugal elutriation, and Percoll gradient centrifugation. The purified Leydig cell fraction obtained after Percoll density-gradient centrifugation contains 95% well-preserved 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD)-staining cells with ultrastructural characteristics of Leydig cells. These Leydig cells produced 248 and 29 ng of testosterone/10(6) Leydig cells when incubated for 3 h with and without a maximally stimulating concentration of ovine LH. Purified Leydig cells obtained from control rats and rats treated with testosterone-estradiol (T-E) implants for 4 days to inhibit LH production were incubated with a saturating concentration (2 microns) of pregnenolone. Leydig cells from control and T-E-implanted rats produced 537 and 200 ng of testosterone/10(6) Leydig cells X 3 h, respectively, suggesting a defect in the steroidogenic reactions converting pregnenolone to testosterone in Leydig cells from T-E-implanted rats. By using rabbit antibodies to the P450 C17 hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase pig microsomal enzyme, immunoblots of one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of Leydig cell microsomal protein from control and 4- and 12-day T-E implanted rats revealed a continued loss of enzyme as the period of LH withdrawal continues. These results show that Leydig cells from animals deprived of LH had diminished capacity to convert pregnenolone to testosterone and reduced P450 C17-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase content. PMID- 3496124 TI - Acoustic signals from frog skeletal muscle. AB - Acoustic, force, and compound muscle action-potential signals were recorded simultaneously during maximal isometric twitches of frog gastrocnemius muscles. The onset of sound production occurred after the onset of muscle depolarization but before the onset of external force production. Acoustic waveforms consisted of oscillations that initially increased in amplitude, followed by decaying oscillations. The peak-to-peak acoustic amplitude increased with increasing temperature with a Q10 of 2.6 +/- 0.2 over a range of 7.0-25.0 degrees C. The acoustic amplitude increased with increasing muscle length up to approximately 90% of the optimal length for force generation. As length was increased further, the acoustic amplitude decreased. Microphones positioned on opposite sides of the muscle recorded acoustic signals that were 180 degrees out of phase. These results provided evidence that sound production is produced by lateral oscillations of muscle. The oscillation frequency may provide a measure of mechanical properties of muscle. PMID- 3496125 TI - The mechanism of low-frequency sound production in muscle. AB - Frog gastrocnemius muscles stimulated isometrically in a saline bath at 20 degrees C were found to produce a single ringing sound event beginning just before the tension record began to rise. The sound event was substantially over by the time the isometric tension began to fall. Results from studies correlating the spatial pattern of the sound, the amplitude and frequency of the sound as a function of the muscle length, and the response of both the passive and active muscle to a transverse pluck were found to be consistent with the conclusion that the sounds in these muscles are caused primarily by transverse resonant vibrations. As the muscle develops force, its lack of cylindrical symmetry gives rise to lateral motions, which are most likely the initiators of the bending vibrations detected as sound. PMID- 3496126 TI - [Changes in the jaw-opening reflex during anesthesia resulting from auricular electrostimulation]. AB - The effect of auricular electrostimulation on the jaw opening reflex and affective behaviour of adult cats was studied in chronic experiments during stimulation of the lip. Auricular electrostimulation was shown to facilitate the jaw opening reflex and to inhibit the affective component of the pain. PMID- 3496127 TI - [Photomodification of human immunocompetent blood cells]. AB - Near-UV irradiation (280-365 nm) at non-lethal doses increased lymphocyte E and EAC rosette-forming capacity, reduced cell proliferation in response to mitogen (PHA), induced an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products in the cell culture medium. An antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol, 10(-7) M) administered before or immediately after near UV irradiation of lymphocytes reduced the above effects. The addition of an antioxidant to the culture medium 90 min after cell irradiation failed to reduce lymphocyte rosette-forming capacity. Near-UV irradiation of the blood reduced cell proliferative response to PHA. alpha tocopherol (10(-7) M) administered before and immediately after the blood photomodification blocked the suppression of cell proliferation in response to mitogen. PMID- 3496128 TI - [Sensitization to the influenza virus in a combined experimental infection]. AB - Two groups of guinea-pigs were infected with live attenuated A2 virus in nasal drops and with simultaneous and subsequent administration of virus vaccine and live Haemophilus influenzae. In combined infection the late skin reactions to virus antigens proved to be significantly higher. H. influenzae infection stimulated the production of antiviral homocytotropic antibodies in guinea-pigs probably due to the adjuvant effect of the capsulated bacteria. PMID- 3496129 TI - [Cytochemical index of the function of the afferent fiber]. AB - A correlation between the spike activity and ferrous deposits in the Ranvier nodes of afferent fibers has been revealed in the frog bladder. The degenerated fibers reveal neither deposits, nor spike activity. The native fibers reveal deposits in the presence of spike activity. When the spike activity is suppressed by procainamide the node affinity to ferrous ions is retained. It is suggested that positive cytochemical reactions in the nodes demonstrate the retention of the initial morpho-functional structure of afferent fibers. PMID- 3496130 TI - [Changes in the functional activity and kinetics of macrophages and lymphocytes as affected by retinoic acid]. AB - The influence of water-soluble compound of retinoic acid on the ability of human blood cell precursors to transform into macrophages, phagocytic macrophage activity, proliferation and marker properties of lymphocytes and the condition of erythrocytes was studied. It was found that retinoic acid caused erythrocyte damages, induced the ability of precursor cells to transforms into macrophages, did not increase significantly their functional activity and facilitated the formation of granulocyte-lymphocyte-macrophage aggregates. In the absence of macrophages, the action of retinoic acid was followed by the decrease in the expressivity of precursor cells to transform into macrophages, did by the suppression of their proliferative activity. PMID- 3496131 TI - Proteolytic degradation of von Willebrand factor after DDAVP administration in normal individuals. AB - The infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in normal individuals is followed by an increase in factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (vWF) in plasma, by an increase in intensity of all sizes of multimers, and by the appearance of larger multimers of vWF than those seen in the resting state. Since the larger multimers are rapidly cleared and proteolysis is known to cause disaggregation of large multimers, we evaluated the degree of vWF proteolysis after DDAVP administration. DDAVP was infused into eight normal adult volunteers, and the relative proportions of the intact 225 kilodalton (kDa) subunit and the 189, 176, and 140 kDa vWF fragments were compared before and at different times after DDAVP infusion. The relative proportion of the 176 kDa fragment was increased, whereas that of the other species was decreased, thereby indicating that proteolytic fragmentation had occurred. However, plasmin did not appear to be responsible because the vWF fragments characteristically produced by this enzyme could not be detected. Concomitant analysis of vWF multimeric structure showed that these changes were accompanied by an increase in the relative proportion of the satellite bands, which suggests that they were proteolytically generated. Proteolysis may explain, at least in part, rapid clearance of larger vWF multimers released by DDAVP. PMID- 3496133 TI - Recombinant human GM-CSF induces leukocytosis and activates peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils in nonhuman primates. AB - The in vivo efficacy of glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli respectively was studied in rhesus monkeys following a daily subcutaneous (SC; three times) or intravenous (IV; over six hours) dose for seven consecutive days. The monkeys responded to the rh GM CSF with a prompt (within 24 hours) rise in circulating white blood cells (WBCs). Thereafter the total cell counts increased steadily in a dose-dependent manner with repeated dosing to numbers six times over the pretreatment levels. Overall, granulocyte counts increased fivefold, lymphocytes twofold to fourfold, and monocytes threefold to fourfold. Platelets and erythrocytes were unaffected. Within 1 week after the end of treatment the leukocytosis had disappeared. Of the two routes of treatment, SC (three times daily)-administered rh GM-CSF was more effective than the same dose given by a six-hour IV infusion. In addition to inducing leukocytosis, parenterally administered rh GM-CSF primed mature circulating granulocytes for enhanced oxidative metabolism and killing of an E coli strain. These results show that exogenously administered glycosylated or nonglycosylated rh GM-CSF is both an effective stimulator of leukocytosis and a potent activator of the phagocytic function of mature granulocytes in monkeys. PMID- 3496132 TI - Growth factor requirements of childhood acute leukemia: establishment of GM-CSF dependent cell lines. AB - Eight permanent cell lines were established from cells of 50 consecutive patients with childhood acute leukemia. Three cell lines required growth factor-containing conditioned media. Analysis using blocking antisera and recombinant granulocytic macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor (CSF) identified GM-CSF as a growth factor required to establish the latter three cell lines and necessary for their continuous proliferation in chemically defined medium. Two of the GM-CSF dependent cell lines were derived from patients with undifferentiated T- and a biphenotypic B-myelomonocytic leukemia, which suggests that GM-CSF might maintain proliferation of leukemias originating from immature progenitor cells. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that all established leukemic cell lines were aneuploid, with six lines containing chromosomal alterations related to those observed in the leukemic cells of the patient. Two patients did not have an abnormal clone identified in the marrow but did yield an aneuploid cell line. These studies indicate that GM-CSF-dependent leukemic cell lines can be established in a fraction of childhood leukemia. These cell lines lend themselves to studies aimed at the evaluation in vitro of the role of growth factors in controlling proliferation and differentiation of leukemic cells. PMID- 3496134 TI - Effects of B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4 on hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1)/Interleukin 4 (IL 4) is a T cell product originally characterized on the basis of its actions on B lymphocytes. Recently it has been reported that BSF-1 activates T cell and mast cell lines. We now provide evidence that BSF-1, purified to homogeneity, also has a broad spectrum of activity on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). However, like its action on B cells, prolierative effects were only observed when BSF-1 was combined with an additional factor. Thus BSF-1, in costimulation with recombinant G-CSF, enhances the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). BSF-1 increases the proliferation of CFU-e in the presence of recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO). Furthermore, BSF-1 induces, together with rEPO, colony formation by primitive erythroid (BFU-e) and multipotent (CFU-mix) progenitor cells comparable to that observed with rEPO and interleukin 3 (IL 3). BSF-1 is also active as a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor; in combination with recombinant interleukin 1, rEPO or the supernatant of the T cell hybridoma FS7 20.6.18, BSF-1 induces megakaryocyte colony formation (CFU-Mk). The same factors that synergize with BSF-1 also enhance CFU-Mk proliferation induced by IL 3. Although the precise mechanisms of action of BSF-1 on HPC is not yet known, we propose that BSF-1 represents an activation factor for HPC and prepares the progenitor cells to respond to specific growth or differentiation factors. PMID- 3496135 TI - Acute leukemia with chromosome translocation (4;11): 7 new patients and analysis of 71 cases. AB - Clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with acute leukemia associated with the (4;11) chromosome translocation are presented. Leukemic blasts of these patients showed lymphoid morphology in 6 (although 1 was treated for monoblastic leukemia 3 years earlier) and monocytoid morphology in 1, were positive for TdT and HD 37 (CD 19) in 6 patients, whereas weak expression of CALLA was seen in only 1 patient and T-lineage-associated antigens in none. Leukemic blasts from four patients showed the simultaneous expression of B-lymphoid and myeloid antigens, suggesting leukemogenesis in a very early multipotent progenitor cell. In 2 patients an isochromosome of the long arm of No. 7 chromosome was found in the leukemic karyotypes in addition to t (4; 11) (q 21; q 23); in one instance present at diagnosis, in the other one occurring at relapse. In one other patient leukemia karyotype also demonstrated trisomy 8. Leukemic cells of three patients were investigated by molecular genetics and demonstrated immunoglobulin gene rearrangements for the Ig heavy chain sequences but not for the light chain constant regions and T cell receptor sequences. All patients were treated by intensive chemotherapy. Four of the 7 patients are in continuous complete remission. The longest event-free survival time (over 2 1/2 years) was seen in one patient who had also DOWN-syndrome. Including these 7 patients a clinical analysis of 71 patients with t (4; 11) acute leukemia was made, emphasizing the following characteristics at diagnosis: female sex (62%), age under 2 years (49%), leukocyte count over 100 X 10(9)/1 (61%), splenomegaly (80%), CNS-disease (11%). Survival of over 2 years was reported in less than 15% of the patients. It remains to be seen if risk-adapted treatment can alter the course of this early B precursor acute leukemia with hitherto very bad prognosis. PMID- 3496137 TI - Pulmonary function and alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in patients after so-called idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax. AB - The subpleural blebs found in patients with so-called idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax suggest that pneumothorax could possibly be an early manifestation of pulmonary emphysema in these subjects. In order to investigate this hypothesis, fifty-six young adults (32 +/- 9 yr; 45 men and 11 women) were examined after idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax. All were apparently healthy with no history of pulmonary disease. Physical and X-ray examination were normal. The episode of pneumothorax was the only sign of lung pathology. A control group of 20 healthy people was also studied. The mean age and smoking habits in the patients and control groups were similar. Only four patients (7%) revealed definite evidence of emphysema, consisting of a reduction of diffusing capacity, decrease of lung recoil pressure and a secondary reduction of forced expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity. Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in these patients were normal. PMID- 3496136 TI - CFU-F circulating in cord blood. AB - CFU-F (colony forming units-fibroblast) were studied from cord blood and, as controls, from normal bone marrow of older children and adults. Numbers of CFU-F in cord blood buffy coat cells are lower by a factor of 10 in comparison to bone marrow CFU-F. Cytomorphology and staining with monoclonal antibody identify the progeny cells of CFU-F as fibroblasts. Cord blood CFU-F derived fibroblasts have properties supporting hematopoiesis: They produce CSF (colony stimulating factor) to which fresh cord blood CFU-GM (colony forming units-granulocytic, monocytic) react by colony formation in a dose-response manner. In addition, fibroblast colonies discharge clonogenic round cells into the medium forming CFU-GM and CFU F colonies in secondary methyl cellulose cultures. We conclude that fetal blood contains clonogenic stromal cells (CFU-F) that give rise to fibroblasts with properties of hematopoietic support. PMID- 3496138 TI - Absence of effect of calcium antagonists on endothelium-dependent relaxation in rabbit aorta. AB - The effect of chronic feeding of New Zealand White rabbits with nicardipine (60 mg kg-1 daily for 5 weeks) on the endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) to acetylcholine (ACh) was examined in vitro. The effect of acute exposure to nicardipine and diltiazem (10 mumol l-1) in the tissue bath was also examined. A bioassay system for endothelium-dependent relaxation factor (EDRF) in which a rabbit aortic ring with endothelium removed was used as recipient and a segment of rabbit aorta with endothelium as donor (producing EDRF in response to ACh) was developed. This system enabled the effect of nicardipine on the synthesis/release and on the relaxation to EDRF to be studied separately. The maximum relaxations to ACh in control and nicardipine-fed animals were 43.6 +/- 5.5 and 53.8 +/- 6.7% (mean +/- s.e. mean) of the contractile response to noradrenaline (NA, 1 mumol l 1) (n = 6, P greater than 0.05). Similarly the EDR to ACh was not significantly altered by acute exposure (30 min) to nicardipine or diltiazem. The maximum relaxations without and with nicardipine were 32.4 +/- 4.2% and 28.0 +/- 3.1% of the contraction to NA (1 mumol l-1) (n = 11, P greater than 0.05). The corresponding data for diltiazem were 42.1 +/- 5.7 and 36.4 +/- 7.3% respectively (n = 11, P greater than 0.05). Both calcium antagonists inhibited the contraction induced by potassium (100 mmol l-1). Nicardipine and diltiazem in concentrations of 100 mumol l-1 reduced the potassium-induced contraction to 33.0 +/- 9.0% and 53.8 +/- 6.7% of control respectively (n = 6, P less than 0.05). In the bioassay experiments the infusion of nicardipine on (a) the recipient tissue only and (b) the donor and the recipient tissue had no significant effect on the relaxant response observed in the recipient tissue when superfused with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing ACh via the donor tissue (n = 6, P greater than 0.05). These results indicate that nicardipine and diltiazem had no significant effect on synthesis/release and the relaxant response to EDRF in the rabbit aorta. Thus the translocation of Ca2+ accompanying the EDR to ACh in the rabbit aorta is likely to utilize Ca2+ channels not blocked by these calcium antagonists. PMID- 3496139 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide is localised to human airway nerves and potently constricts human airway smooth muscle. AB - In human airways synthetic human sequence calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP), a novel peptide produced by alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene, caused concentration-dependent contraction of human bronchi (EC50 4.9 X 10(-9) M) and was significantly more potent than substance P or carbachol. The contractile response was unaffected by atropine (2 X 10(-6) M), propranolol (10(-6) M), indomethacin (10(-5) M), tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-6) M), chlorpheniramine (10(-4) M), cimetidine (10(-5) M), or FPL55712 (10(-4) M) suggesting a direct effect of CGRP on airways smooth muscle. CGRP was detected in human airways by radioimmunoassay with highest concentrations in cartilaginous airways. CGRP was localised by immunocytochemistry to both nerves and ganglia in human airways. CGRP, is a potent constrictor of human airways and may have important effects on airway function and be implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma. PMID- 3496140 TI - Different epileptogenic activities of murine and ovine corticotropin-releasing factor. AB - The behavioral and EEG effects of rat and ovine corticotropin releasing factor (r and o-CRF) were compared. Both peptides were injected intracerebroventricularly into rats through chronically implanted cannulae. At the doses of 0.1 and 1 microgram both peptides activated the EEG and stimulated motor activity. At the dose of 10 micrograms they produced spiking activity. However, while o-CRF induced spiking activity was present both in the hippocampus and in the cortical leads and was associated with generalized myoclonic movements, that induced by r CRF was confined in the hippocampus and was not accompanied by myoclonic movements. Spiking activity induced by r-CRF was suppressed by verapamil, but was not influenced by naloxone. PMID- 3496141 TI - Compensatory eye movements produced during fictive swimming of a deafferented, reduced preparation in vitro. AB - Movement of the head during locomotion must be offset by movement of the eyes in the opposite direction in order to maintain a stable gaze. These compensatory eye movements are classically attributed to ocular reflexes elicited by vestibular stimulation and by slip of the retinal image. In the present study, compensatory eye movements accompanied episodes of fictive swimming expressed in vitro by a reduced, deafferented preparation of the bullfrog larva (tadpole). Thus, there are mechanisms for generation of eye movements, and their coordination with locomotion, that are endogenous to the central nervous system. PMID- 3496142 TI - Olfactory mucosa/air partitioning of odorants. AB - The present study evaluates the contribution of the receptor cell compartment to the total mucosal odorant uptake. Using radioactive odorants, partition coefficients for normal bullfrog olfactory mucosa were compared to the partition coefficients from mucosa in which the receptor cells had been removed by cutting one of the olfactory nerves and allowing two weeks for complete degeneration. For the more water-soluble odorants (butanol and isobutyric acid), both sides sorbed the same amount of odorant, suggesting that the mucosal uptake mostly reflects uptake by the water in the mucosa. For the less water soluble odorants (octane and amyl acetate), the uncut side did sorb significantly more odorant than the cut side. PMID- 3496143 TI - A reappraisal of the frequency of child abuse seen in pediatric emergency rooms. AB - This study was conducted to determine the frequency of abuse and neglect among infants and preschool children seen in the emergency department of a large children's hospital. A case-finding system was introduced using a checklist (Accident-SCAN) to remind the attending nurse and physician to consider the possibility of maltreatment in the etiology of each apparent accident. Thirty nine of 2,211 accident patients were evaluated systematically during an 18-week study period and referred to a child protection team for investigation. Twenty eight (1.3%) were presumed to be victims of abuse or neglect. This figure differs substantially from the widely quoted estimate of 10%. The marked discrepancy between this result and previous findings suggests that either important variations exist in the rates of abuse and neglect in different populations or that the earlier figures are overestimates. PMID- 3496144 TI - Child maltreatment among U.S. East Coast migrant farm workers. AB - This paper reports findings from a study that was conducted in 1983 to determine the incidence and patterns of child maltreatment among migrant farm worker families who reside in or travel through the Atlantic coastal region known as the Eastern Stream. These results are based on responses to a multipurpose mailed questionnaire that was administered to a sample of 2,207 migrant educators. Educational personnel from 14 of the 22 Eastern Stream states participated in this survey, which was designed to elicit information on the incidence of maltreatment in this population. The survey considered 13 different indicators of child abuse and neglect and six maltreatment forms. Another segment of the instrumentation secured information on the migrant population with which the respondents had direct contact so that an incidence rate could be formulated. The study conclusively established that the incidence of child maltreatment rate among migrant farm worker families, as perceived by migrant educators, was substantially higher than the rate observed for the population as a whole or even for families with approximately the same socioeconomic status. Comparative data are presented to place this primary research result in perspective and a more precise overall incidence estimate is derived. Differential rates of abuse and neglect within the migrant population and the factors that contribute to them are also considered. PMID- 3496145 TI - Transient biventricular dysfunction following coronary bypass surgery with potassium cardioplegia. AB - Although myocardial revascularization relieves anginal symptoms, the effect on ventricular function remains controversial. Sixty-six patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery with normal right and left ventricular function were studied 1 month preoperatively (PRE), 3-5 hours perioperatively (PERI) and 3 5 months postoperatively (POST). Nuclear ventriculograms were employed to calculate right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF, LVEF), end diastolic volume indices (RVEDVI, LVEDVI) and end systolic volume indices (RVESVI, LVESVI). Cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI) and an approximation of left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) were also calculated from the scintigraphic data. Right and left ventricular ejection fractions were lower perioperatively (PRE:RVEF 37 +/- 2.5, LVEF 61 +/- 3; PERI:RVEF 32 +/- 3, LVEF 51 +/- 4; POST:RVEF 35 +/- 3, LVEF 56 +/- 4%, p less than 0.01 by analysis of variance, ANOVA) despite lower end diastolic volume indices perioperatively, (p less than 0.05 by ANOVA). The ratio of systolic blood pressure to LVESVI was significantly lower PERI than PRE or POST, (p less than 0.01 by ANOVA). SI, LVSWI, LVEF and RVEF were lower perioperatively at any level of LVEDVI or RVEDVI (p less than 0.01 by paired analyses of covariance), suggesting transient depression of right and left ventricular performance perioperatively. Right ventricular recovery was incomplete 4 months postoperatively. The patients were able to exercise longer at higher workloads postoperatively (p less than 0.01 by ANOVA). Chest pain resulted in discontinuation of exercise in 57% of patients PRE but only 5% POST (p less than 0.01), even though all patients were receiving full medical therapy preoperatively and no therapy postoperatively. Myocardial revascularization provided symptomatic relief and increased work capacity. However, right and left ventricular function were transiently depressed in the early perioperative period. PMID- 3496146 TI - Lattice dystrophy of the cornea: a clinicopathological case report. AB - The clinical and pathological corneal findings in a patient with lattice dystrophy of the cornea type I are presented. Amyloid, the corneal stromal deposit in this dystrophy, has been shown to be heterogeneous by means of immunohistochemical techniques despite uniform ultrastructural features. The possible sources of amyloid include leakage from serum, extracellular breakdown of corneal collagen and, most probably, localized intracellular production. PMID- 3496147 TI - Future developments and new research in genitourinary cancers. Perspectives. AB - Significant advances in the therapy of genitourinary cancers have occurred, yet the challenge of metastatic disease in many of these tumors remains unsolved. The great success achieved in the treatment of testicular cancer has been in large part due to the development of effective systemic therapy. Effective treatment for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma is just beginning to be described. Advanced renal and prostatic carcinomas remain a major clinical problem with no effective curative therapy. Novel new approaches to systemic therapy developed on sound basic experimental principles are needed. Several potential approaches such as angiogenesis factor, interleukin II, lymphokine activated killer cells, and tumor necrosis factor are discussed. PMID- 3496148 TI - Biochemical consequences of 2'-deoxycoformycin treatment in a patient with T-cell lymphoma. Some unusual findings. AB - The nucleotide content of the various blood cells and the urinary excretion of purine and pyrimidine metabolites were studied in a patient with a T-cell lymphoma (early T-cell phenotype) before and during treatment with deoxycoformycin (dCF; given intravenously [iv] during 3 days, biweekly). During and after the administration of dCF, high amounts of dATP were found in the lymphoid cells and the erythrocytes (maximally, 480 pmol/10(6) lymphocytes and 5.5 nmol/10(6) erythrocytes), but not in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The amount of dATP in the erythrocytes, however, was significantly lower than described in the literature. During each administration of dCF, the number of blast cells in the peripheral blood rose initially, followed by a rapid decrease. After three courses, a hematologic remission was achieved and maintained for 6 weeks; then an autologous bone-marrow transplantation was performed. During the first dCF course a large amount of deoxyadenosine was found in the urine. During the second course, this excretion was much lower, but still higher than in healthy individuals. In the patient described, dCF showed a highly specific toxicity for the immature T-lymphoblast; hardly any changes were seen in the numbers of the other hematopoietic cells, both in the blood and in the bone marrow. PMID- 3496149 TI - ins(6;11) in a case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. AB - Cytogenetic investigation of lymph node-derived cells taken from a peripheral T cell lymphoma patient revealed an insertion of the segment 11q21q25 into the band p22 of chromosome #6 as the only anomaly. The probable role of the three rearranged chromosomal regions on the development of this neoplasia is discussed. PMID- 3496150 TI - Histiocytosis X involving the cervical dura. AB - A 1-year-old boy was treated for histiocytosis X involving the cervical dura which caused spinal cord compression. PMID- 3496151 TI - Comparison of multiple anti-CEA immunotoxins active against human adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunotoxins constructed with multiple anti CEA antibodies (goat and baboon polyclonal, and three murine monoclonal antibodies) by covalently linking them to the A chain of ricin via a disulfide bond all function as potent and specific toxins for CEA-bearing cells, suggesting that the CEA molecule is capable of directing productive internalization of ricin A chain. The high potency of anti-CEA immunotoxins apparently makes addition of ricin B chain unnecessary for high toxic efficiency, as in some other systems, because presence of the B chain reduces target cell specificity. Several characteristics of the immunotoxins which might account for their cytotoxic potency were studied. Equilibrium association constants of the goat, baboon, and murine monoclonal C-19 antibodies with fluid-phase CEA were determined by using Langmuir plots and were found to be 8.79, 6.61, and 8.13 X 10(9) M-1, respectively, indicating the high and similar affinities of the three antibodies toward CEA. Radioimmunoassay binding studies of the three immunotoxins with 125I CEA showed that the antibody portions of the molecules retained the ability to form complexes with CEA after conjugation to ricin A chain. The maximum number of anti-CEA antibody molecules bound per cell, as demonstrated by 111In-labeled C-19 binding assays with CEA-bearing cell lines, varied from 2.65 X 10(5) per cell for HT29 to 2.01 X 10(6) for LoVo, with an intermediate value of 1.17 X 10(6) per cell for WiDr. Cytotoxicity of the immunotoxins was assessed by inhibition of protein synthesis and expressed as a median inhibitory dose (ID50). Comparison of the ID50's of each immunotoxin on the three cell lines has shown that the immunotoxin made of the monoclonal C-19 antibody is in general 6 to 7 times more cytotoxic than the goat and baboon antibody immunotoxins. The affinity of CEA antibody binding is probably an important, but not a sole factor in determining the immunotoxin potency. The fact that the antibodies with very similar affinity toward fluid phase CEA make immunotoxins of different potency might indicate that interactions with membrane-bound CEA are more complex and/or the efficiency of internalization of various immunotoxins is different. An important factor in immunotoxin action appears to be the CEA content in target adenocarcinoma cells. PMID- 3496153 TI - Phase II trial of MVE-II in metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - MVE-II, a low molecular weight fraction of pyran copolymer was utilized in a Phase II trial in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. A total of 15 patients were investigated and no clinical responses or immunologic responses were observed. We concluded that MVE-II is not an active agent in malignant melanoma. PMID- 3496152 TI - Natural killer (NK) cell immunodeficiency in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. II. Successful cloning and amplification of natural killer cells. AB - Defective natural killer (NK) cell populations from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), that reacted with both HNK-1+ and B73.1+ antibodies, were obtained by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). These fractions, along with NK fractions from normal donors which reacted with both antibodies, were expanded as bulk cultures or clones by limiting dilution, for 4 weeks in the presence of 10% interleukin 2 (IL 2), human type AB plasma, and irradiated human allogeneic mononuclear cells. Successfully established clones from patients with CML, with lytic activity against autologous and more differentiated neoplastic granulocytes, were generated more efficiently from B73.1+ than from HNK-1+ subsets. However, there were no significant differences among the generations of B73.1+ and HNK-1+ clones for both patients and normal donors with lytic activity against NK susceptible K-562 targets. Fresh myeloblast preparations from a blast crisis were found to be more susceptible to lysis by IL 2-proliferative B73.1+ and HNK-1+ clones than were fresh myelocyte preparations from a chronic phase CML patient, which were lytically susceptible to only B73.1+ clones. B73.1+ and HNK 1+ subsets from CML patients demonstrated major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted killing, and showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3+T8+ or B73.1+T3+T8- from B73.1+ subsets; and HNK-1-T3+T8+ (initially HNK 1+) from HNK-1+ subsets. In contrast, B73.1+ and HNK-1+ clones from normal donors showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3-T8-; and HNK-1-T3-T8- or HNK-1-T3-T8+ (initially all HNK-1+). Short-term in vitro IL 2 or interferon treatment of fresh NK defective subsets from CML patients resulted in minimal cytotoxic augmentation. In contrast, defective NK cells from CML patients, whether HNK-1+ or B73.1+ subsets, proliferated with complete regeneration of cytolytic activity after a 3-4 week exposure to IL 2, but differed in phenotypic profiles as compared to those of normal donors. These observations imply that not only fresh defective NK cells but also the cytotoxically restored clones from CML patients are derived from different NK subsets and may represent undifferentiated forms of NK cells that may be arrested at an early stage of development by yet unknown mechanism(s). In vitro substantiation of autologous leukemia cell killing by IL 2-proliferative NK cell clones is encouraging and may allow for new in vivo immunotherapeutic modalities in CML patients. PMID- 3496154 TI - The anti-tumour efficacy of human recombinant interleukin 2. Correlation between sensitivity of tumours to the cytolytic effect of LAK cells in vitro and their susceptibility to interleukin 2 immunotherapy in vivo. AB - Experiments were designed to test what percentage of experimental MC-induced murine sarcomas were sensitive to the local tumour inhibitory effect of IL-2 and whether any correlation existed between the sensitivity of these sarcomas to the immunotherapeutic effect of IL-2 and their susceptibility to the cytolytic effect of IL-2-activated killer cells. It was found that the sensitivity of MC-induced sarcomas to local IL-2 immunotherapy was a general phenomenon. Repeated peri tumoural injections of RIL-2 inhibited the growth of five (MC11, MC13, MC14, MC15, MC16) out of six sarcomas in syngeneic mice. The sixth murine sarcoma (MC12) was found to be resistant to the tumour inhibitory effect of IL-2. Similarly, five (MC11, MC13, MC14, MC15, MC16) out of six murine sarcoma cell lines were sensitive to the cytolytic effect of IL-2-activated syngeneic killer spleen cells when examined in vitro, whereas the sixth (MC12) sarcoma cell line was resistant. These results suggest that LAK cells represent the effector cell mechanism responsible for the anti-tumour efficacy of local IL-2 immunotherapy and that in vitro testing of sensitivity to the LAK cell-mediated cytolysis may be used to detect tumours responding to IL-2 immunotherapy in vivo. PMID- 3496155 TI - Target-selective cytotoxicity of methotrexate conjugated with monoclonal anti MM46 antibody. AB - In studies on antitumor antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugates as potential tumor selective cytotoxic agents, methotrexate (MTX) was conjugated via its active ester derivative with a murine monoclonal antibody (aMM46) to a mouse mammary tumor antigen (MM antigen) on syngeneic, ascitic C3H/He mouse mammary tumor MM46 cells. The conjugate retained full antibody activity, as assayed by complement dependent cytolysis. The target-selective cytotoxicity of aMM46-MTX was verified by the observations that this conjugate showed greater cytotoxicity than the corresponding normal mouse immunoglobulin (nIg) conjugate to MM46 cells, neither aMM46 nor nIg being cytotoxic, and that it showed less cytotoxicity to MM antigen negative mouse mammary tumor MM48 cells than to MM46 cells, its cytotoxicity to MM48 cells being similar to that of the nIg conjugate. From the results of assays of cell binding and uptake of 131I-labeled aMM46 and aMM46-3H-MTX, aMM46 and aMM46-MTX were internalized after their binding to MM46 cell surface antigen. Leupeptin, an inhibitor of the lysosomal endopeptidase cathepsin, decreased the cytotoxicity of aMM46-MTX, supporting the involvement of lysosomal degradation of the conjugate in its action. PMID- 3496156 TI - Plant lectin, ATF1011, on the tumor cell surface augments tumor-specific immunity through activation of T cells specific for the lectin. AB - The possibility that a plant lectin as a carrier protein would specifically activate T cells, resulting in the augmentation of antitumor immunity was investigated. ATF1011, a nonmitogenic lectin for T cells purified from Aloe arborescens Mill, bound equally to normal and tumor cells. ATF1011 binding on the MM102 tumor cell surfaces augmented anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody production of murine splenocytes when the mice were primarily immunized with TNP-conjugated MM102 tumor cells. The alloreactive cytotoxic T cell response was also augmented by allostimulator cells binding ATF1011 on the cell surfaces. These augmented responses may be assumed to be mediated by the activation of helper T cells recognizing ATF1011 as a carrier protein. Killer T cells were induced against ATF1011 antigen in the H-2 restricted manner using syngeneic stimulator cells bearing ATF1011 on the cell surfaces. When this lectin was administered intralesionally into the tumors, induction of cytotoxic effector cells was demonstrated. These results suggest that intralesionally administered ATF1011 binds to the tumor cell membrane and activates T cells specific for this carrier lectin in situ, which results in the augmented induction of systemic antitumor immunity. PMID- 3496157 TI - The antileukemic efficacy of an immunotoxin composed of a monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody disulfide linked to the ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin. AB - We prepared an immunoconjugate consisting of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the Thy-1 antigen and the ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin linked by a disulfide bond. This immunotoxin preparation was judged to contain less than 5% free antibody or gelonin. It was highly toxic in vitro in an antigen-specific fashion to the Thy-1 expressing RADA leukemia of A/J mice. The IC50 of this preparation on RADA in vitro was 10(-12) M, while the IC50 on the Thy-1 negative S1509a fibrosarcoma of A/J mice was 10(-7) M. The toxicity of this immunoconjugate was also measured in a direct proliferation and it was found that a 4-h exposure and a 24-h exposure of RADA cells to a 1 nM concentration of immunotoxin killed 90% and 99.9% of cells, respectively. Furthermore, efficacy in vitro was not due to the intrinsic susceptibility of RADA cells to tis type of immunotoxin, as one prepared with gelonin and an antibody recognizing the TLa determinant on this leukemia had no efficacy in vitro. Clearance of the anti-Thy 1-gelonin immunoconjugate from the circulation of A/J mice after i.v. injection was rapid, especially during the first 8 h after injection, possibly because of binding to Thy-1 expressing tissue. Delivery of immunoconjugate to ascitic tumor in vivo was substantially better if the immunoconjugate was given by i.p. injection, rather than by the i.v. route. When given either i.v. or i.p. at the time of i.p. tumor inoculation in vivo, the anti-Thy-1-gelonin immunotoxin showed potency in an antigen-specific fashion; while this immunoconjugate prolonged survival and frequently cured RADA-inoculated mice, neither anti-Thy-1 antibody, gelonin, a combination of the two, nor immunotoxin of irrelevant specificity had any significant effect on survival. Anti-Thy-1-gelonin also had no effect on survival of A/J mice inoculated i.p. with S1509a. Furthermore, it was determined that a single i.p. dose of anti-Thy-1-gelonin killed 90% to 99% cells in vivo, and that the immunoconjugate was about as effective in this model as either adriamycin or cytoxan. PMID- 3496159 TI - Perspectives in immunoregulation and autoimmunity. PMID- 3496158 TI - Impaired T- and B-cell functions in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Reduced mitogenic responsibility and Il-2 production is not caused by defective CD4+ cells. AB - The mitogenic response of T-cell subsets, the production of interleukin-1 (Il-1) and interleukin-2 (Il-2) and in vitro immunoglobulin production was investigated in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). The mitogenic response of mononuclear cells (MNC) and the OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets was greatly reduced in advanced disease stages and could only partially be restored with exogeneous Il-2. In untreated patients with HD--except those with highly advanced disease--the OKT4+ lymphocytes showed normal response to phytohemagglutinin in contrast to the MNC suggesting inhibiting agents or cells within in the MNC. These findings corresponded to reduced Il-2 synthesis of MNC, whereas isolated OKT4+--cells produced normal or elevated amounts of Il-2. MNC or monocytes produced normal or even higher amounts of lipopolysaccharide-induced Il-1 than controls. The results do not confirm a defect in this component of the interleukin system in HD. The immunological impairment was not limited to the T-cell system but involved B-cell activation and differentiation as well. The pokeweed mitogen-induced IgM, IgG and IgG production was highly suppressed in untreated HD, whereas the MNC of previously treated patients produced subnormal amounts of immunoglobulin in vitro. It is not yet clear whether this defect is T-cell-mediated or primarily a B-cell deficiency. PMID- 3496160 TI - Increased activation of antigen-primed or memory B cells by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - Treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicits the appearance of greater numbers of background antigen-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleens of mice previously exposed or primed to subimmunogenic amounts of various non cross-reacting antigens so as to generate detectable immunological memory. These findings suggest that treatment with lipopolysaccharide results in the activation of increased numbers of antigen-primed or memory B cells in mice previously exposed to antigen. PMID- 3496162 TI - In vivo localization and growth of the 70Z/3 pre-B-cell line. AB - The 70Z/3 pre-B-cell line has long been used as a model for understanding the nature and mode of action of differentiation-inducing stimuli as well as mechanisms which control immunoglobulin light chain gene expression. This study is a first appraisal of the localization, growth, and differentiation of the cell line in vivo. At 24 hr after intravenous injection, radiolabeled 70Z/3 cells localized efficiently to the bone marrow and analysis by flow cytometry revealed that fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled cells localized to bone marrow and spleen in a ratio of 2:1. Growth of the cell line paralleled the localization pattern. When the cells were given intravenously, bone marrow contained 100% of tumor cells at a time when a majority of spleen cells were still normal. Tumor cells were found in the blood only at end-stage disease in a minority of animals. Because 70Z/3 cells differentiate in vitro in response to a variety of factors, it is possible that exposure to the in vivo environment would have a similar effect. When blast cells from heavily infiltrated bone marrow and spleen were analyzed for the expression of a panel of B-lymphocyte lineage surface antigens, however, there was no evidence for surface kappa induction. Inductive stimuli may be present in limiting quantities in vivo or overridden by by negative feed-back control mechanisms. This information provides a basis for in vivo experimentation with the inducible 70Z/3 cell line and raises issues concerning normal mechanisms which control B-lineage cell differentiation. PMID- 3496161 TI - Analysis of T-cell subset proliferation at afebrile and febrile temperatures: differential response of Lyt-1+23- lymphocytes to hyperthermia following mitogen and antigen stimulation and its functional consequence on development of cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - Poikilotherms are now known to increase their survival by behaviorally induced fevers in response to pathogenic infection. Increased host resistance to viral and bacterial infections has also been noted in homeotherms whose body temperature has been elevated by manipulation of ambient temperature. These observations suggest that fever may increase host resistance by augmenting acquired immunity; thus, this highly conserved response during evolution may provide a survival advantage against environmental pathogens. This possibility has prompted us to investigate the influence of a temperature characteristic of a modest fever in humans (39 degrees C) on T-cell proliferation and function. Our studies revealed that T-cell mitogenesis was enhanced when cultures were incubated at the febrile temperature (39 degrees C). Analysis of T-cell subsets demonstrated that temperature enhanced the mitogenic (Concanavalin A) response of Lyt-1+23- splenocytes; in contrast, hyperthermia was deleterious to lectin-driven proliferation of the Lyt-1-23+ population even in the presence of large quantities of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). B-cell mitogenesis was invariably inhibited by hyperthermia over a broad range of concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although T-cell mitogenesis was enhanced at the febrile temperature, T-cell proliferation induced by alloantigens or by a murine pathogen, Sendai virus (SV), was diminished at the febrile temperature. Hyperthermia inhibited SV-induced proliferation of Lyt-1+23- lymphocytes, indicating that a febrile temperature can either augment or inhibit T-cell proliferation of the same T-cell subset depending upon the activation signal (i.e., lectin or antigen). Because effector cell development depends upon antigen induced clonal expansion (proliferation), we evaluated the influence of temperature on primary cytotoxic thymus (T)-derived lymphocyte (CTL) responses against alloantigens and secondary CTL responses against SV under afebrile and febrile conditions. We consistently observed that the induction of alloreactive and virus-specific CTL was diminished in cultures incubated at the elevated temperature, suggesting that a thermosensitive event(s) exists in the progression of CTL derived from either CTL precursors (CTLp) or memory CTL. Furthermore, hyperthermia reduced the number of SV-specific CTL detectable by limiting dilution analysis, suggesting that another event independent of clonal expansion was thermolabile during effector cell development. In view of these results, we suggest that it may be premature to conclude that the observed increase in host resistance induced by a febrile state is mediated by enhanced cell-me PMID- 3496163 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cell and interleukin-2 inhibitors: their role in adoptive immunotherapy. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells have been used to reduce tumor mass in intraperitoneal, pulmonary, and hepatic models. Unfortunately, repeated cycles of IL-2 plus LAK cells have not been demonstrated to exert additive antitumor effects. We investigated the responses that repeated challenge with LAK cells and IL-2 provoked in normal BL/6 mice. Six immunizations of LAK cells generated in media containing fetal calf serum abrogated the ability of mice to respond to IL-2 plus LAK immunotherapy in a peritoneal carcinomatosis model. Serum from these treated mice would cause lysis of LAK cells or cultured lymphocytes in the presence of complement. LAK cells generated in the presence of normal mouse serum were not lysed. Similarly, the antitumor effects of IL-2 plus LAK immunotherapy were abrogated in mice pretreated with six courses of IL-2. We found that LAK cells cytolysis could not be generated if serum from IL-2-pretreated mice was present in vitro with splenocytes and IL-2. These data suggest that antibody against absorbed antigens on LAK cells and serum inhibitors of IL-2 are generated following repeated challenge. These observations may be important in interpreting IL-2 plus LAK immunotherapy studies in murine models and may modify our attempts to treat cancer patients. PMID- 3496164 TI - Serum-mediated suppression of nonspecific B-cell activation. III. Selective inhibition of the polyclonal B-cell response by normal mouse serum. AB - Normal, nonimmune adult serum is known to inhibit in vitro immune responses when present in sufficient amounts. The significance of inhibition of the immune response by serum, however, is not known. Previous work suggested that normal mouse plasma or serum (NMS) was selectively more inhibitory to nonantigen specific (e.g., polyclonal) as compared to antigen-specific responses. This led to the hypothesis that constituents of serum (or plasma) may serve naturally to minimize the polyclonal type of antibody response, preserving immune specificity. The present study further examined the effect of NMS on polyclonal versus antigen specific antibody responses. Under the in vitro assay conditions used, 0.5% NMS supported bacterial endotoxin (ET)-induced mitogenic and polyclonal B lymphocyte responses, antigen (SRBC, TNP-KLH)-specific antibody (IgM, IgG) responses, and antigen-induced or -specific T-lymphocyte proliferative responses, while 5% NMS inhibited all of these responses. However, antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses could be restored by a 10-fold increase in the antigen concentration and antigen-specific antibody responses could be restored by the addition of ET (10 micrograms/ml) as adjuvant. On the other hand, the mitogenic response to ET remained suppressed regardless of ET concentration. Thus, despite significant reduction of the mitogenic and polyclonal properties of ET in 5% NMS (greater than 70% suppression), sufficient antigenic stimuli permitted optimal specific T- and B-cell responses. Many naturally occurring antigens, e.g., bacterial, fungal, and viral, have inherent B-cell mitogenic and polyclonal activity in addition to adjuvanticity and the presence of the serum inhibitory factor may serve to minimize their indiscriminate polyclonal stimulation of antibody. PMID- 3496165 TI - Induction, in vivo and in vitro, of macrophage membrane interleukin-1 by adjuvant active synthetic muramyl peptides. AB - Recent evidence has shown that a membrane form of interleukin-1 (IL-1) serves as a necessary signal for antigen presentation, leading to T-cell activation. The synthetic immunostimulant muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is known to induce secretion of IL-1 and its adjuvant effect was found to be mediated through enhancement of T helper cells. We have investigated the ability of MDP and 19 other adjuvant active or -inactive MDP analogs and derivatives to induce membrane IL-1 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Enhancement in vitro of membrane expression and secretion of IL-1 in fresh or aged cultures of macrophages was observed after stimulation with MDP or with adjuvant-active but not with adjuvant-inactive muramyl peptides. Administration in vivo of adjuvant-active doses of MDP or of any of 12 other active analogs induced high levels of macrophage membrane IL-1 detected by the lymphocyte-activating factor assay. This effect was not observed when 7 other adjuvant-inactive derivatives were used. Moreover, under conditions where MDP did not exert an adjuvant effect, this immunomodulator was found to be incapable of inducing the expression of macrophage membrane IL-1. These results demonstrate a very high correlation between the ability to induce membrane IL-1 and the adjuvant activity of muramyl peptides. The correlation was observed irrespective of other biological effects of the synthetic adjuvants such as pyrogenicity and/or anti-infectious activity. PMID- 3496167 TI - Interference with Fc signals increases an antibody response by T-cell-deprived cultures to a T-dependent antigen. AB - Affinity column purified goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies specific for the Fc portion of IgG increased an in vitro antibody response to a T-dependent antigen when T cells were limiting. Picogram amounts of specific anti-Fc antibody at culture initiation and nanogram quantities up to 3 days were required to demonstrate this effect. The demonstration of reconstitution by anti-Fc antibodies requires that the cultures be T-cell depleted and stimulated by antigen. These results support the concept that anti-Fc antibody and T cells block endogenously generated negative Fc signals. PMID- 3496166 TI - DNA and immunoglobulin synthesis by rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: complete and incomplete stimulation. AB - Activation of resting (G0) rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) into DNA synthesis and IgG synthesis was studied using sheep anti-rabbit IgG (SARIgG), protein A, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DNA synthesis was assayed by [125I]iododeoxyuridine incorporation. IgG synthesis was measured by determination of Ig in culture supernatants by an ELISA assay. Rabbit PBLs cultured with SARIgG or protein A for 48 hr and then without these reagents for 72 hr showed both DNA synthesis and Ig synthesis, whereas PWM and LPS had very little, if any, effect. PBLs stimulated with SARIgG for 6 hr and then without SARIgG for subsequent 114 hr did not become activated into DNA synthesis or IgG synthesis. However, PBLs prestimulated with SARIgG for 6 hr and then with PWM for 114 hr showed prominent DNA and IgG synthesis. LPS also maintained activation of PBLs after prestimulation of these cells with SARIgG, but the effect was much smaller than that of PWM. No evidence was found for production of factors by SARIgG-stimulated PBLs that could, by themselves, either stimulate resting cells or maintain activation of SARIgG-prestimulated cells. These results suggest that anti-IgG and protein A are complete activating mitogens for resting rabbit B cells to proliferate and differentiate into IgG-producing cells, whereas PWM and LPS are not able to activate G0 cells directly, but have a sustaining effect after activation of resting B cells with anti-IgG, either directly or via production of factors by accessory cells. PMID- 3496168 TI - [Lens dislocation as a late complication of pars plana vitrectomy]. PMID- 3496169 TI - Role of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion formation and accumulation in 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity to isolated hepatocytes. AB - The parkinsonian-inducing compound 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is converted by isolated hepatocytes to its primary metabolite, the 1 methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium ion (MPDP+), and to its fully oxidized derivative, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). Only the latter, however, accumulates in the cells. Incubation of hepatocytes in the presence of MPDP+ also results in the selective intracellular accumulation of MPP+. Conversion to MPP+ is more rapid and extensive after exposure to MPDP+, than with MPTP and the former is also more toxic. Addition of MPP+ itself is toxic to hepatocytes but only after a long lag period, which presumably reflects its limited access to the cell and its relatively slow intracellular accumulation. As previously shown with MPTP and MPP+, the cytotoxicity of MPDP+ is dose-dependent and is consistently preceeded by complete depletion of intracellular ATP. Similar to MPP+ but not MPTP, MPDP+ causes a comparable rate and extent of cytotoxicity and ATP loss in hepatocytes pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline. Pargyline blocks hepatocyte biotransformation of MPTP to MPP+, but it has no significant effect on MPP+ accumulation after exposure to either MPDP+ or MPP+. It is concluded that MPTP is toxic to hepatocytes via its monoamine oxidase-dependent metabolism and that MPP+ is likely to be the ultimate toxic metabolite which accumulates in the cell, causing ATP depletion and eventual cell death. PMID- 3496170 TI - Furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. V. Synthesis and structure-activity studies of 4 substituted 2-(4-methylpiperazinylcarbonyl)-6-trifluoromethylfuro[3,2- b]indole derivatives with analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. PMID- 3496171 TI - Stereospecific inhibition of cholinesterases by mefloquine enantiomers. PMID- 3496172 TI - Synthesis of a 37-residue peptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of alpha-form of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-rCGRP). PMID- 3496174 TI - T-cell morphology in nodular follicular center cell lymphomas. AB - T cells are known to be frequently numerous in follicular lymphomas but are generally considered to be a homogeneous population of small, round, "resting" lymphocytes. Although immunologic studies have suggested the presence of some "activated" T cells in these B-cell neoplasms, virtually no attention has been paid to the T-cell morphology. Wright-stained cytocentrifuged sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) rosette preparations from 20 cases of nodular follicular center cell lymphomas were therefore examined and the morphologic appearance of the SRBC rosetting cells was categorized. A mean of 19% (range 11-33%) of the SRBC positive cells present were medium or large in size (diameter greater than two SRBCs, approximately 10 micron). A mean of 62% of SRBC-positive cells had round nuclei; 18% had indented nuclei and 20% had irregularly shaped nuclei. These data provide supportive morphologic evidence for some T-cell "activation" in certain follicular lymphomas. In addition to having possible functional and biologic implications, the previously undescribed presence of enlarged and sometimes "atypical" T cells in uncomplicated follicular lymphomas has implications for interpreting the histopathology of these B-cell neoplasms and the reported occurrence of composite T-cell/follicular center-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3496173 TI - Plasma kinetic study of folinic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in healthy volunteers and cancer patients by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase HPLC method is described for the simultaneous determination of folinic acid, MTX, and their plasma metabolites 5-CH3-FH4 and 7-OH-MTX respectively. In addition, this technique allows the separation of FA another naturally occurring folate, and of AMT, used as internal standard. Separation of these compounds was achieved on a Waters Spherical C18 column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml.min-1. Elution was carried out with 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) as solvent A and 7.5% acetonitrile 92.5% bidistilled water as solvent B. UV detection was performed at 280 nm. This method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of folinic acid and its plasma metabolite 5-CH3-FH4 following two different protocols: (1) i.v. bolus injection of 50 mg calcium folinate in six healthy volunteers and (2) simultaneous i.v. bolus injections of 50 mg/m2 MTX and 50 mg/m2 folinic acid in four cancer patients. Mean apparent half-life values for folinic acid and its metabolite were 7.02 +/- 1.81 h and 3.90 +/- 0.86 respectively in the first protocol, 4.80 +/- 1.48 h and 4.74 +/- 1.47 h in the second protocol. MTX and 7-OH-MTX were also quantified in the second protocol and were found not to affect the pharmacokinetics of folinic acid and 5-CH3-FH4. Since in vitro studies on metabolism of folinic acid might be of great interest in trying to assess the mechanism of action of the folates and the potential interaction of MTX and 7-OH-MTX in this mechanism via the metabolism, the chromatographic method we describe here has been adapted for the separation of all the potential intracellular monoglutamyl metabolites of folinic acid. PMID- 3496175 TI - Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from human umbilical vessels. AB - The ability of human umbilical endothelial cells to release relaxing substance(s) in response to different agonists was investigated. Endothelium-denuded aortic rings of rats were used for the bioassay and tension recording. After precontraction, this preparation showed no response to histamine, acetylcholine, A 23187, or adenosine triphosphate while serotonin elicited further contraction. Superfusion of the precontracted preparations with the perfusate from umbilical veins and arteries stimulated with histamine (10(-7)-10(-5) M), A23187 (10(-7) 10(-6) M), or adenosine triphosphate (10(-5)-10(-4) M) elicited a relaxation. No relaxation was obtained with acetylcholine (10(-8)-10(-6) M) or serotonin (10(-8) 10(-6) M). The relaxation of bioassay aortic rings under the influence of the perfusate from histamine-stimulated umbilical vessels was inhibited by mepyramine (10(-5) M) but not by cimetidine (10(-4) M) suggesting the involvement of H1 receptors. The relaxation was also inhibited by increasing the transit time between the donor and the detector preparation, by methylene blue (5 X 10(-5) M), and by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (5 X 10(-5) M) but not by indomethacin (5 X 10( 5) M), and which have been reported for endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The involvement of umbilical endothelial cells in the relaxation response was further confirmed by studying precontracted, rubbed rat aortic rings seeded with cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins. Such preparations relaxed in response to histamine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) in contrast with the control preparations. No relaxations of these preparations were observed in response to acetylcholine (10(-9)-10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496176 TI - Interference by anti-immunoglobulin G antibodies in immunoradiometric assays of thyrotropin involving mouse monoclonal antibodies. AB - "Sandwich"-type assays are subject to positive interference by the patient's "heterophile" antibodies. If present, these bind to the animal immunoglobulins in the assay reagents, forming artefactual sandwiches indistinguishable from those formed with the analyte itself. Immunoglobulins from non-immunized animals, added to the assay reagents, can diminish this effect by blocking the patient's antibodies. Elsewhere, we studied several patients with anti-mouse immunoglobulin activity, whose serum gave spuriously high results for thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations. Here we have studied this phenomenon by adding, to pooled zero TSH serum, antibodies to mouse, goat, and horse immunoglobulins and then assaying TSH by several other sandwich-type assays involving mouse monoclonal antibodies. Assays not supplemented with blocking immunoglobulins from mice or other animals were more susceptible to this effect. When large amounts of antibody were added, the antibody excess diminished the interference. However, the presence of blocking immunoglobulins could reverse such antibody excess, actually enhancing, instead of diminishing, the positive interference. Users should be aware that blocking immunoglobulins may diminish but not necessarily eliminate this problem with such assays. PMID- 3496177 TI - A monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits human salivary alpha-amylase. AB - Our monoclonal antibody 88E8 specifically binds to and inhibits human salivary alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and cross reacts negligibly with the pancreatic isoenzyme, inhibiting it by less than 1%, as compared with about 90% for the salivary isoenzyme. The antibody binds the S1 and S2 types of salivary alpha amylase, but no pancreatic alpha-amylase isoenzyme forms. A pancreatic alpha amylase assay involving 88E8 is under development, with alpha-glucosidase as auxiliary enzyme and p-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside as substrate; we give preliminary data on this assay. The assay has to be done by substrate start, because the antibody interacts very slowly with the enzyme in the presence of substrate. Assay results for pancreatic alpha-amylase correlate well with those for isoamylase assayed with use of an inhibitor from wheat-germ. PMID- 3496178 TI - Differential assay of salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylase in serum and urine, with use of monoclonal antibody to human salivary amylase immobilized on bacterial cell wall. AB - We previously reported (Clin Chim Acta 1986;159:89) that bacterial cell wall chemically coated with a monoclonal antibody specific to human salivary (S) amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) could be successfully used to separate S and pancreatic (P) amylase in solution. We have now applied this method to serum and urine samples and found that the activities of S and P amylases so measured correlated well with those measured by the isoamylase inhibitor method. The present method is simple and reliable for routine clinical tests. PMID- 3496179 TI - Improved between-laboratory agreement for specific protein assays in serum following introduction of a common reference preparation (SPS-01) demonstrated in an external quality assessment scheme. AB - Between-laboratory agreement for 6 specific protein assays was better in two surveys (total 8 specimens) in which a calibration material was provided than in the preceding five surveys (20 specimens) in a national external quality assessment scheme. CVs for immunoglobulins G, A and M (200 participants) and alpha 1-antitrypsin and complement components C3 and C4 (70 participants) were reduced from 18.3% (range 11.6-23.8%) to 10.7% (range 7.5-13.6%). This improvement was not due to changes in within-laboratory precision or in the concentrations of protein surveyed. Improvement was maintained in the following four surveys (3 normal and 5 pathological sera) without calibration material for immunoglobulins G and A and for alpha 1-antitrypsin. Agreement for immunoglobulin M, C3 and C4 returned to values close to the original CVs, but subsequently improved. The role of a common calibration material in improving between laboratory agreement is discussed. PMID- 3496181 TI - Increase of HLA-DR7 in pigeon breeder's lung in a Mexican population. AB - The phenotypes of the major histocompatibility complex, loci A, B, C, and DR, were studied in 48 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by avian antigen (pigeon breeder's lung) and the results were compared to those obtained from 200 normal subjects of similar ethnic background. Furthermore, we analyzed the delta values of the observed and expected frequencies in the deduced haplotypes of the affected population. Our results showed a significant increase of the antigen HLA-DR7 (corrected P less than 0.001) in patients with pigeon breeder's lung and an equally important difference in the delta values of the haplotypes A1-B8, A25-B14, B35-DR4, and B4-DR5. In addition, the phenotypes of locus DQ were analyzed in 21 patients and 20 controls and no apparent differences were observed. These results suggest that a multifactorial genetic susceptibility associated at least in part with the major histocompatibility complex plays in important role in the development of this disease. PMID- 3496180 TI - Monoclonal autoantibodies to nuclear antigens from murine graft-versus-host disease. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus-like graft-versus-host (GVH) disease was induced in 10-week-old male (C57BL/10 X DBA/2) F1 mice by the intravenous injection of spleen and thymus cells (2:1) from 10-week-old male DBA/2 mice. GVH mice were bled at regular intervals 1 month after injection. Antibody to nuclear antigens (ANA) were detected by immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cells as substrate, and antibody to histones and DNA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titer and frequency of ANA were found to relate directly to the number of donor cells injected. In order to determine the spectrum of ANA in GVH disease, mice were reinjected with optimum cell numbers (120 X 10(6], and splenocytes from two mice with high titer ANA were fused to mouse myeloma cell line P3/X63Ag8.653. Hybridomas were analyzed for ANA by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Sixty-eight clones were found which secreted ANA. Of these, 59% produced antibody to double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, and/or histones and the remainder gave a variety of nuclear immunofluorescence patterns including speckled, homogeneous, nuclear matrix, and nucleolar. This study indicates that GVH disease provides an excellent source of splenocytes for the production of ANA producing hybridomas as well as a model for the study of autoimmunity. PMID- 3496182 TI - A shared B-T cell phenotype in autoimmune mice bearing the lpr gene. AB - MRL-lpr mice and MRL-+/+ mice are identical except for the presence of an autosomal recessive lymphoproliferation gene (designated lpr) in the former. Mice bearing the lpr gene develop autoimmune and lymphoproliferative abnormalities. An antigenic marker designated 14D10, characteristically expressed on the surface of Lyt-2+ T cells and B cells of normal mice, is expressed in unusually high levels on Thy-1+ cells of lpr mice which are Lyt-2-. In younger lpr animals, 14D10+ cells are a minor subpopulation of Ia+ cells which, when expanded in diseased animals, continue to express Ia. 14D10+ cells from lpr mice are elevated in fetal spleen and adult bone marrow (BM) but are absent on pre-B cells in the BM. Medullary thymocytes of lpr mice are enriched in 14D10+ cells compared to congenic (+/+) controls. Although 14D10 appears to be present on the activated, proliferating T-cell population, coculture of lpr cells with IL-2 leads to minimal proliferation. 14D10+ Lyt-2- T cells can be isolated from normal spleens, indicating the lpr gene may be responsible for the disregulated proliferation of a minor cell subset. The functional significance of this molecular complex is still undetermined. PMID- 3496184 TI - NSAID ionisation: local or systemic effect? PMID- 3496183 TI - Anti-Ro antibodies in healthy mothers and their newborns. PMID- 3496185 TI - CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and SPECT iodine-123 iodoamphetamine imaging of a patient with progressive cognitive deterioration. AB - A case of progressive cognitive deterioration is presented in which I-123 iodoamphetamine SPECT brain imaging was of value in confirming the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3496186 TI - Enteric coating of fenoprofen calcium reduces gastrointestinal microbleeding. AB - The effects of plain and enteric-coated fenoprofen calcium (Nalfon, Dista, Indianapolis, Ind.) on gastrointestinal microbleeding were studied in 32 normal male volunteers in a randomized, open-label, parallel trial at two inpatient research facilities. A 1-week placebo (baseline) period preceded 2 weeks of fenoprofen therapy (enteric coated or plain, 600 mg q.i.d.). Fecal blood loss was measured by 51Cr-tagged erythrocyte assay and averaged over days 4 to 7 (baseline) and 11 to 14 and 18 to 21 (active therapy). At one center gastrointestinal irritation was evaluated endoscopically before and after active therapy. Endoscopy showed both formulations to cause mucosal damage not evident by subject-reported symptoms. Four of the 16 subjects developed asymptomatic duodenal ulcers. Mean daily fecal blood loss was significantly lower (P = 0.03) with enteric-coated (mean +/- SD, 1.104 +/- 0.961 ml/day) than with plain fenoprofen calcium (mean +/- SD, 1.686 +/- 0.858 ml/day), suggesting that tolerance of fenoprofen can be improved with administration in an enteric-coated form. PMID- 3496187 TI - Immunology of systemic lupus erythematosus and related rheumatic diseases. PMID- 3496188 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis does not block physiological responses to odors in the frog over the short term. AB - Frog olfactory mucosae were stimulated with an odorant every 60 sec and electrophysiological responses (electroolfactograms or EOGs) were monitored continuously--before, during, and after treatment with puromycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Repeated administration of puromycin at 4 hr intervals over a 36 hr period failed to suppress EOG responses. In an alternative approach, olfactory responses were inhibited with ethyl bromoacetate, a vaporous alkylating agent. EOG responses failed to reappear over a 72 hr period. We conclude that receptor turnover is not readily influenced by stimulation, and that the turnover time of frog olfactory receptor proteins is of the order of days or longer. PMID- 3496189 TI - Suicide among children and young adults during the period 1961-1981. PMID- 3496190 TI - Epidemiological data on suicide in Upper-Austria 1977-1984. PMID- 3496191 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage in a non-cirrhotic patient followed by encephalopathy of the portosystemic type cured with zinc]. PMID- 3496192 TI - [Determination of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein in obstetrics]. PMID- 3496193 TI - [Pericardial devascularization with circular interruption of blood flow in the gastric fundus in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 3496194 TI - [Treatment of portal hypertension with bleeding esophageal varices by porta azygos disconnection with staplers]. PMID- 3496195 TI - [Combined operation of mesocaval shunt and porta-azygos disconnection in the treatment of esophageal variceal]. PMID- 3496196 TI - Reduced incidence of hepatic metastases by perioperative treatment with recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - Abdominal operations induce immunosuppression during the time when tumors are manipulated and tumor cells are released into the circulation. The authors tested the hypothesis that the combined effect of these factors may promote the development of metastatic tumor implants and that perioperative treatment with Human Recombinant Interleukin-2 (RIL-2), a known immunostimulant of t, natural killer (NK), and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells may reduce the incidence of liver metastases from transplantable rat colon cancers. Hepatic metastases were induced in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats by injecting 10(7) rat colon tumor cells into the portal venous system during laparotomy. Control rats developed tumors by four weeks and were dead by ten weeks. Eleven groups of rats underwent celiotomy with portal vein injection of tumor on day three. Rats received either no RIL-2, RIL-2, or excipient buffer at varying doses on days 1 through 5 or 3 through 7 of these experiments. Animals were assessed for the presence of tumor and the incidence of liver metastases at autopsy (sacrifice and autopsy performed at seven weeks). Eighty-five percent of the rats in the untreated group developed tumor. This compared with only 50 percent of animals receiving 10(3) u/dose (P less than .025) and 42 percent of animals receiving 10(4) u/dose (P less than .01) of Interleukin-2 on days 1 through 5. Animals receiving very high doses of RIL-2 (10(5) or 4 X 10(5) units per dose) had a greater chance of developing tumors than did control rats, or rats receiving lower doses of RIL-2 (P less than .05). It is concluded that the perioperative period may be critical for the implantation and growth of metastatic disease and that perioperative immunostimulation with RIL-2 can decrease the incidence of tumors in these animals. This model may have relevance to the treatment of human colon cancer. PMID- 3496197 TI - Chronic active hepatitis with histological features of primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - A 51-year-old woman was evaluated because of Raynaud's phenomenon, Sjogren's syndrome, and general malaise. There was neither skin itching nor jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a normal extrahepatic as well as intrahepatic biliary tree. Serum GOT and GPT fluctuated with episodes of marked increases. The alkaline phosphatase was slightly increased and total cholesterol was normal. There were marked increases of IgG and IgM. AMA was positive at a titer of 1:320, which was measured by an indirect immunofluorescence method. PBC-specific AMA (anti-M2) was positive, but mixed form AMA (anti-M4) negative. An LE-cell test, ASMA, ANA, and anti-DNA antibody were all positive on several repeated tests. A wedge liver biopsy tissue showed mixed features of PBC and CAH. A diagnosis of CAH was made on the basis of the clinical, serological, and morphologic findings. The patient responded well to prednisolone treatment with prominent improvement of her symptoms and liver function tests. Subsequently, AMA fell to undetectable levels by indirect immunofluorescence method. PMID- 3496198 TI - [Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system--a case report and review of literature]. AB - One case of primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system is reported. The patient, a nine year old boy having headache, vomiting, seizures in the right limbs and unconsciousness, was admitted into our hospital and died the next day. A tumor at the base of the left frontal lobe was found on autopsy. There was no evidence of tumor elsewhere. A pathological diagnosis of T-cell malignant lymphoma was established. In this paper, the view that the T-cell lymphoma can arise from the central nervous system is proposed for the first time. Its clinical features, pathomorphology and histogenesis are discussed. Yet, how follicles are formed in the tumor tissue and its significance await further study. PMID- 3496199 TI - Research issues concerning alcohol consumption among aging populations. AB - Research concerning alcohol consumption by the elderly has primarily focused on the extent of problem drinking among seniors. Although an important research agenda, an exclusive concern with problem drinking rates can work to obscure interesting health policy and theoretical questions which might be addressed through the study of drinking practices of older age strata. Primary among these is the study of how alcohol use patterns change across the life course, with the goal of showing how such lifelong drinking patterns influence consumption in old age. The literature concerning alcohol use and aging is reviewed to highlight reasons for change and stability in alcohol consumption during latter half of life. From this literature seven hypotheses, amenable to empirical testing, are identified for ongoing research. PMID- 3496200 TI - The use of psychoactive substances by female Egyptian university students, compared with their male colleagues on selected items. AB - A standardized questionnaire, with satisfactory retake item reliabilities and well established validities, was administered to a representative sample of female university students (N = 2366), drawn from Cairo and Ein-Shams Universities, both located in Greater Cairo. Results, relevant to demographic and drug related items, are presented. Where meaningful, comparisons are made with previously published corresponding data obtained on male university students. Among the interesting findings are the following: Female students, compared with males, had better educated parents with jobs higher on social prestige hierarchy. But more boys than girls had personal sources of income and, relatively, big amounts of pocket money. Very few girls smoked cigarettes and used natural narcotics. Tranquilizers and hypnotics were taken by, almost, equal percentages of both sexes. But stimulants were consumed by more boys. Girls did not start experimentation with narcotics before the age of 16, whereas boys began such experimentation before reaching 12 years of age. Girls tried alcohol much more than they experimented with any other psychoactive substance. Among girls as well as boys we found a measurable trend for users to be more exposed than nonusers to what we call 'drug culture'. In the case of girls, close relatives have more weight than personal friends as sources of information about drugs. For boys, it is the opposite. Similarities as well as disparities were discussed and implications were emphasized. PMID- 3496201 TI - Monitoring changing patterns of drug dependence in accident and emergency departments. AB - A survey was made of drug dependent individuals attending the Accident and Emergency Departments in Greater London in July 1982 and the results were compared with those of an identical survey in July 1975. There was a significant reduction in the number of incidents involving drug dependent patients, the majority of whom attended hospital after a drug overdose; the proportion of suicidal attempts increased significantly in 1982. Barbiturates were taken less frequently in 1982, but heroin and anxiolytics were taken more often. Possible reactions to these findings are discussed and the continuing role of the Accident and Emergency Departments in monitoring changing patterns of drug abuse in emphasised. PMID- 3496202 TI - [Prophylactic sclerosing of esophageal varices. Results of a prospective randomized 7-year longitudinal study]. AB - Over a period of six years, esophageal varices (stage III or IV) were endoscopically diagnosed in 49 patients with confirmed liver cirrhosis and no previous bleeding. Prophylactic sclerotherapy of the esophageal varices was performed in 25 patients, while 24 were treated conservatively (control group). The groups were comparable as to duration, cause and severity of the cirrhosis, but differed in sex distribution. The patients had been followed for at least two, maximally seven, years (median 44 months). Only five bleedings occurred in the prophylactic sclerotherapy group, 15 in the control group during the entire observation period. Among the control group eight patients died due to bleeding, compared to only one in the sclerotherapy group; but there were eight deaths in the control group, 13 in the sclerotherapy group from other complications of liver cirrhosis. Survival rate was higher in the sclerotherapy group, especially in the first year and with alcoholic cirrhosis. There were no serious complications from the sclerotherapy. It is concluded that prophylactic sclerotherapy clearly reduces the number of bleedings from varices, but improvement in prognosis is relatively short. PMID- 3496203 TI - [Diagnosis in inflammatory joint diseases]. PMID- 3496204 TI - [Diagnosis of epilepsy]. PMID- 3496205 TI - [T-cell classification of the peripheral venous blood of patients with breast cancer]. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies the total number of T-lymphocytes, as well as of helper and suppressor T-cells, was measured in peripheral venous blood of 78 women with carcinoma of the breast and 68 women without malignant disease (control group). There was no significant difference between the two groups as regards pre-operative values. The same was true with regard to different carcinoma stages. Serial tests on 15 patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy revealed a reduction in the absolute number of all lymphoid cells except monocytes. Helper T-cells were more strongly affected than suppressor T cells. By determining lymphocyte subpopulations in women with leukopenia caused by cytostatics one will probably be able to identify those patients particularly susceptible to infection. Determining T-cells may also make it possible to deduce a special recurrence risk. PMID- 3496206 TI - [Interaction between cotrimoxazole and antidepressive agents]. AB - The association cotrimoxazole-tricyclic antidepressants seems to involve a rapid relapse of the depressive states continuously treated with the latter drugs. Five cases are reported. Mechanisms of this unknown drug interaction are discussed. The hypothesis of an enzymatic induction is not the most probable. A central inhibition of the tricyclic antidepressants seems to be possible but needs to be supported by further evidence. PMID- 3496207 TI - Posterior pituitary lobectomy abolishes the suckling-induced rise in prolactin (PRL): evidence for a PRL-releasing factor in the posterior pituitary. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the role of the posterior pituitary in the regulation of PRL release during suckling. Lactating rats were subjected to posterior pituitary lobectomy (LOBEX) or sham surgery (SHAM) and separation from pups in the evening; experimental manipulations and blood collection were performed the next morning. In the first experiment rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, LOBEX, and LOBEX treated with a vasopressin analog, 1-desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. Plasma PRL levels in SHAM rats increased 20- to 25-fold upon introduction of pups and remained elevated for the duration of suckling. In contrast, basal plasma PRL levels in LOBEX rats were 3- to 4-fold higher than in SHAM but suckling failed to induce a further increase. Treatment of LOBEX rats with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin and oxytocin reduced water consumption and allowed for milk ejection and milk intake by the pups but did not restore the suckling-induced rise in PRL. The second experiment tested the functional integrity of the hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and serotonergic systems after LOBEX and the ability of LOBEX-lactating rats to respond to PRL-releasing stimuli other than suckling. Injections of alpha-methyl-para tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of serotonin, caused 20- to 30-fold rises in plasma PRL levels in both LOBEX and SHAM rats. Exposure to ether elicited a 3- to 4-fold rise in PRL which was higher in magnitude and of longer duration in LOBEX than in SHAM rats. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of the posterior pituitary from lactating rats results in an increase in basal PRL levels and a complete abolishment of the suckling-induced rise. Vasopressin and oxytocin restore water balance and milk ejection in the LOBEX rat but fail to affect PRL secretion. The LOBEX-lactating rat is not refractory to PRL-releasing stimuli other than suckling and its hypothalamic DA and serotonergic systems are functionally intact. In addition to DA, the posterior pituitary appears to contain a PRL-releasing factor(s) which mediates the suckling-induced rise in PRL. PMID- 3496209 TI - The relationship between fusion and proliferation in mouse alveolar macrophages. AB - We have reported that protein factors separated from conditioned media of Concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell cultures induce growth and fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages. A macrophages growth factor (MGF) was purified and, at the final step of purification on HPLC, eluted at the same position as a colony stimulating factor (CSF), suggesting that MGF is identical with CSF. In the present study, we examined the relationship between proliferation and fusion of macrophages using purified CSF (MGF) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3]. The latter was used in place of a macrophage fusion factor which is supposed to be contained in the same conditioned medium, since a macrophage fusion factor has not yet been isolated. Adding less than 5% unfractionated conditioned medium from Concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells markedly induced proliferation of alveolar macrophages without inducing fusion. In contrast, adding the same unfractionated conditioned medium at concentrations of 10% or more suppressed proliferation dose dependently, whereas it induced fusion reciprocally. Proliferation of macrophages was similarly enhanced by adding purified CSF or retinoic acid. Fusion of macrophages was induced by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, but not by purified CSF or retinoic acid. Adding 1 alpha,25 (OH)2D3 together with purified CSF or retinoic acid completely suppressed the increase of proliferation induced by either growth factor, whereas that treatment rather potentiated the fusion induced by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 alone. These results indicate that the fusion and proliferation of macrophages occur in a reciprocal fashion. PMID- 3496208 TI - The quantitative distribution of cytosolic androgen receptors in microdissected areas of the male rat brain: effects of estrogen treatment. AB - Estrogen and androgen synergize in the regulation of various neuroendocrine functions. To determine a potential cellular basis of this synergism, we measured androgen receptor (AR) in the cytosol of 16 hypothalamic and limbic nuclei and subregions in castrated male rats and castrated rats treated with estradiol. Androgen receptor was measured by a previously validated in vitro binding assay using the synthetic androgen methyltrienolone [( 3H]R1881). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g) were castrated 2 weeks before the implantation of a 2.5-cm Silastic capsule filled with crystalline 17 beta-estradiol. Control rats were sham implanted. Estrogen treatment lasted for 1 week, after which time the animals were killed, their brains were frozen and sectioned, and individual nuclei and subregions were removed by a tissue punch technique. Tissue from six rats were combined for each determination. The highest levels of AR were found in the ventromedial nucleus (16.5 +/- 1.4 fmol/mg protein), medial preoptic area (12.1 +/- 1.4 fmol/mg protein), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (11.6 +/- 1.4 fmol/mg protein), lateral septum (11.4 +/- 1.4 fmol/mg protein), arcuate nucleus median eminence (10.9 +/- 2.1 fmol/mg protein), and medial amygdala (10.3 +/- 0.9 fmol/mg protein). Estrogen treatment resulted in significant increases in AR in medial preoptic area (14.8 +/- 0.6 fmol/mg protein; P less than 0.05) and medial amygdala (14.6 +/- 1.2 fmol/mg protein; P less than 0.02). Subsequent studies using block-dissected hypothalamus-preoptic area, anterior pituitary, and prostate revealed significant estrogen-mediated elevations in AR in anterior pituitary cytosol [42.2 +/- 3.0 vs. 26.4 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg protein (control); P less than 0.01], but not in hypothalamus-preoptic area or prostate cytosols. Estrogen treatment had no effect on AR affinity. The binding of [3H]R1881 was specific for AR and was not affected by the addition of radioinert progesterone to the incubation tube. Estimates of AR concentration were similar regardless of whether [3H]R1881 or [3H]dihydrotestosterone was used as the ligand. In this study, we describe the distribution of AR throughout the hypothalamus and limbic areas using biochemical techniques. In addition, we have identified some cellular events that may mediate the synergistic actions of estrogen and androgen on the neuroendocrine system. PMID- 3496210 TI - Calcium, dexamethasone, and the antiglucocorticoid RU-486 differentially regulate neuropeptide synthesis in a rat C cell line. AB - The differential regulation of neurotensin (NT), calcitonin (CT), and CT gene related peptide (CGRP) production was studied in the clonal, rat C cell-derived, 44-2C cell line. Two experimental paradigms were used: cells were incubated with maximally effective concentrations of calcium (4.0 mM); alternatively, cells were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX). The specificity of the DEX-mediated response was assessed by using the synthetic antiglucocorticoid, RU-486. Calcium was not mitogenic in 44-2C cells and did not affect cell growth. Calcium increased the secretion and cellular accumulation of NT. In contrast, calcium treatment decreased CT content and release while it diminished the levels of CT- and CGRP-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. DEX (10(-8) M) inhibited cell proliferation. NT content and secretion increased after DEX treatment, and this was potentiated by the addition of calcium. DEX-treated cells showed diminished CT content and secretion. The levels of CT- and CGRP specific mRNA were significantly reduced in DEX-treated cultures. RU-486 antagonized the action of DEX and blocked DEX-inhibited cell proliferation. Inhibition of CT secretion by DEX was blocked by RU-486; CT- and CGRP-specific mRNA levels were increased in response to treatment with equimolar or 100-fold excess concentrations of RU-486. We conclude that NT secretion as well as CT/CGRP expression and release can be differentially regulated in the 44-2C cell line. PMID- 3496211 TI - Hepatic iodothyronine 5-deiodinase activity in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles at different stages of the life cycle. AB - Conversion of T4 to T3 cannot be demonstrated in vivo in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles until just before metamorphic climax, suggesting that 5'-deiodinase (5'D) activity is not present until this time. In the present study the role of 5 deiodinase (5 D) systems in the metabolism of T4 and T3 in the developing tadpole was examined. 5 D activity capable of converting T3 to 3,3'-diiodothyronine, and T4 to rT3 was present in hepatic microsomes from pre- and prometamorphic tadpoles, but it declined to undetectable levels during metamorphic climax. The preferred substrate was T3. The Vmax for T3 in premetamorphic tadpoles was 30.4 +/- (SE) 6.37 fmol/min X mg microsomal protein, and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was 3.6 +/- 0.72 nM, respectively. The characteristics of the system are similar to those of the type III iodothyronine deiodinase present in mammals. The system has its counterpart in vivo; administration of T3 or T4 to tadpoles resulted in the generation of detectable amounts of the corresponding 5 deiodinated product. rT3 was also shown to be a naturally occurring iodothyronine in this species. Although generation of T3 from T4 was readily demonstrable in vivo in tadpoles that had entered metamorphic climax, hepatic 5'D activity determined in vitro was found to be extremely low at all stages of development. On the basis of these findings, the following alternative explanation for the failure to observe T4 to T3 conversion before climax is offered. In pre- and prometamorphic tadpoles, any T3 produced from T4 is rapidly converted to 3,3' diiodothyronine by the 5 D system and thus accumulation is prevented. Once climax has begun, 5 D activity declines and thus the T3 generated is able to accumulate. Whether the increased T3 accumulation is also facilitated by an increase in T3 production due to increased 5'D activity remains to be determined. PMID- 3496212 TI - Effect of estrogen on androgen receptor dynamics in female rat pituitary. AB - We examined the role of estrogen in regulating the number of androgen receptors (AR) in the pituitary gland of the female rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (240 280 g) that were ovariectomized for 3 days were used in this study. AR numbers were determined in pituitary cytosol and nuclear fractions by binding and exchange assays using the synthetic ligand 17 alpha-methyl-3H-trienolone. The administration of a single dose of estradiol benzoate [(EB) 10 micrograms/100 g BW] to ovariectomized female rats resulted in a 60% increase in cytosolic AR which was significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated above that of oil-treated controls by 12 h post EB. Cytosolic AR levels remained elevated for as long as 48 h post EB (213% of controls). Saturation analysis of pituitary cytosolic AR revealed a single, high affinity binding site for 17 alpha-methyl-3H-trienolone exhibiting an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.5 X 10(-10) M in both EB- and oil-treated animals. The administration of cycloheximide (1 mg/kg BW) before EB administration prevented the EB-induced rise in AR when measured 8 h post EB. When dihydrotestosterone (1.5 mg) was injected 24 h after EB or oil, there was a rapid increase in nuclear AR accompanied by a rapid decrease in cytosolic AR. The increase in nuclear AR was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in EB pretreated animals vs. oil-treated controls. These observations show that a potential synergism exists between androgen and estrogen in the female rat pituitary and suggest that androgens may play an important role in regulating cyclic pituitary hormone release. PMID- 3496213 TI - Hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by renal mitochondria from rats of different ages. AB - The hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) in kidney mitochondria from female rats of different ages was studied. The specific activity of 1 alpha hydroxylase was highest in mitochondria isolated from the 2-month-old rat (0.47 pmol/10 min X mg protein), falling gradually with age to 0.17, 0.10, 0.07, and 0.06 pmol/10 min X mg protein in 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats, respectively. The alteration in 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity with age was due to a change in the V'm of the system; the K'm for 25OHD3 was unchanged (3.9-4.0 microM). The specific activity of 24-hydroxylase was lowest in mitochondria isolated from the 2-month-old rat (8.2 pmol/10 min X mg protein), increasing to 37.8, 37.4, 38.2, and 55.7 pmol/10 min X mg protein in 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month old rats, respectively. The alteration in 24-hydroxylase activity with age was due to a change in the V'm of the system; the K'm value for 25OHD3 was unchanged (1.1-1.2 microM). The age-dependent decrease in 1 alpha-hydroxylase and concomitant increase in 24-hydroxylase activities observed in mitochondria isolated from kidneys of 2-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats could not be attributed to changes in the bioenergetic properties, i.e. the respiratory chain, of the mitochondria. The relative mitochondrial content of the kidney, however, probably decreased with age. These findings support the view that the kidneys of aged rats produce less 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 because of lower mitochondrial 1 alpha-hydroxylase specific activity and reduced number of mitochondria. This would be consistent with the lower levels of vitamin D hormone reported in the serum of senescent rats. PMID- 3496214 TI - Biphasic 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone excretion after adrenal enucleation is associated with altered adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P450 11 beta-, 18-, and 19-hydroxylase activities. AB - After adrenal enucleation (AE) rats avidly retain sodium (early phase), but after 7-10 days they lose this sodium avidity (late phase). Although increased production of a mineralocorticoid, 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (19-Nor-DOC), has been implicated, 19-Nor-DOC levels during the early and late phases of AE have not been systematically measured. Furthermore it is not known why 19-Nor-DOC production should increase during a time when production of 11 beta- and 18 hydroxylated corticosteroids are decreased in AE. The purpose of this study was to examine the 11 beta, 18-, and 19-hydroxylase pathways in the early and late phases of AE. The results demonstrate increased urinary 19-Nor-DOC and decreased 18-OH-DOC and corticosterone excretion in the early phase of AE at a time when adrenal mitochondrial 11 beta- and 18-hydroxylase activities were decreased but 19-hydroxylase activity was unchanged. During the late phase of AE, urinary 19 Nor-DOC had decreased and 18-OH-DOC and corticosterone had increased to levels indistinguishable from those in sham controls. This reduction in 19-Nor-DOC was associated with a decrease in 19-hydroxylase activity in AE. Since the 11 beta, 18-, and 19-hydroxylases have a common substrate (DOC), it is possible that differential flux of DOC through these pathways could account for the changes in steroid production in AE. These data suggest that the increased 19-Nor-DOC excretion in AE may be due to alterations in enzyme activity leading to a shunting of DOC into the 19-Nor-DOC pathway. In addition, the synchronicity of 19 Nor-DOC with sodium excretion suggests that it has an important role in the pathogenesis of the sodium retention in AE. PMID- 3496215 TI - Determination of "active" cytochrome P-450 from relaxation kinetics of product formation. AB - We estimate the "active" part of cytochrome P-450, which is involved in a special substrate transformation, by measuring the initial change of the production rate as a function of the relaxation transitions between two different steady states of the reaction cycle of cytochrome P-450 using the light-reversibility of the carbon monoxide inhibition. The kinetic data of such relaxations are interpreted within a model cycle, which reduces the reaction cycle to three steps. The estimation of the rate constant of the first reduction step, derived from model simulation of the production rate, is confirmed by independent experimental study of the reduction kinetics. An application of our model to the O-deethylation of 7 ethoxycoumarin reveals that--in a time average--10%-15% of the spectroscopically detectable cytochrome P-450 is involved in that transformation. PMID- 3496216 TI - Role of activated T lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides. AB - A patient with mycosis fungoides was treated effectively with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A. Excretion of urinary neopterin, a marker of activation of the cellular immune system, fell immediately at the start of therapy. This result argues in support of a central role of activated T lymphocytes in this disease as has already been proposed by other authors. PMID- 3496217 TI - Plasminogen activator inhibitor from human endothelial cells. Purification and partial characterization. AB - An inhibitor of plasminogen activator was purified to apparent homogeneity from human umbilical vein endothelial cell conditioned medium. The purification was achieved by a speedy and simple two-step procedure, without the use of denaturants. The purified protein was a single-chain glycoprotein with apparent molecular mass of 48 kDa. The purified inhibitor had a specific activity of 8500 U/mg protein and the activity could be stimulated about fourteenfold by treatment with denaturants. An antiserum to the purified inhibitor was raised in rabbits. It recognised plasminogen activator inhibitor from platelets and plasma as well as from cultured endothelial cells. The immunoglobulin fraction of the antiserum neutralised the functional activity of the inhibitor from all these sources. PMID- 3496218 TI - CT-ventriculography in a cystic lesion of the third ventricle. AB - One case of cystic lesion of the third ventricle is reported. The authors stress the importance of CT combined with ventriculography for the diagnosis of the intraventricular cystic lesions. PMID- 3496219 TI - The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome revisited. AB - The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare congenital disorder, characterized by (1) a peculiar and somewhat pear-shaped nose, (2) sparse and brittle scalp hair, and (3) radiographic evidence of cone-shaped epiphyses of the hands. On the basis of clinical, radiographic and genetic criteria, two subtypes (type I and II) are discerned. We describe an intermediate "hybrid" variant of the TRPS in a patient with clinical and radiographic features of TRPS type I, but with a clearly abnormal karyotype, consistent with TRPS type II. The radiographic findings of the syndrome are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the cone shaped epiphyses in the hands, the changes in the coxo-femoral joints and the atypical appearance of the pubic symphysis. PMID- 3496220 TI - On estimating the loss of quantification in PET due to finite detector resolution. AB - In positron emission computed tomography, images are reconstructed from projection data of the slice. Such projection data are inherently subject to bias owing to the detection of coincident annihilation photons with detectors of finite resolution. The influence of these unavoidable effects on reconstructed data is reviewed and a straight forward method is outlined for calculating the loss of quantification of small objects owing to finite detector resolution. A sample calculation using idealized point spread functions is presented. PMID- 3496221 TI - Comparison of transaxial resolution in 180 degrees and 360 degrees SPECT with a rotating scintillation camera. AB - Using circular 180 degrees and 360 degrees SPECT acquisition modes the transaxial resolution of line sources in air and water were measured at different positions in the field of view. With the 180 degrees acquisition mode, all line sources in air located off the axis of camera rotation (AoR) showed an oval distortion. This distortion was systematically related to the starting point of the rotating detector. On axis line sources in air were undistorted, regardless of the 180 degrees acquisition starting angle. The 360 degrees acquisition images of the line sources in air showed a similar effect but in a very mild form. In water, transaxial reconstructions of line sources (off axis) showed an enhancement of the oval distortion for both the 180 degrees and 360 degrees acquisitions. Computer simulations of the line source measurements were performed and correlated well with the experimental data. The line source results are explainable by the inherent depth dependent response of the scintillation camera. In clinical SPECT studies, distortions of this nature will be most appreciable with 180 degrees imaging of small organs that are located off the AoR. PMID- 3496222 TI - Regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) were measured in two cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with different clinical courses. A marked decrease in rCMRglc was found in the cortical gray matter of a patient with rapidly developing SSPE (3.6-4.2 mg/100 g brain tissue per min). However, the rCMRglc was preserved in the caudate and lenticular nuclei of the patient (7.7 mg/100 g per min). The rCMRglc in a patient with slowly developing SSPE revealed patterns and values similar to those of the control. The rCMRglc correlated better with the neurological and psychological status of SSPE. PMID- 3496223 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma in adolescents and adults. Clinical, pathological and prognostic evaluation. AB - Sixty-four adult patients with lymphoblasts lymphoma (LB) identified according to Kiel Classification were analyzed retrospectively. Three distinct clinical presentations were identified: prevalent abdominal disease (29 pts = 45.3%), prevalent mediastinal disease (14 pts = 21.9%) and prevalent superficial node involvement (21 pts = 32.8%). On histological grounds, the patients with abdominal disease were mainly associated to "Burkitt like" cell lymphoma (55%); patients with mediastinal disease to convoluted cell type (58%); and those with superficial node disease to unclassified cell type (48%). Immunological studies showed a significant correlation between mediastinal disease and T phenotype (P = 0.0011), abdominal disease and B phenotype (P = 0.00042), and between superficial node disease and non-B non-T phenotype (P = 0.00024). Survival was independent of the type of clinical presentation and protocol employed but was correlated with the stage (P less than 0.0005), symptoms (P less than 0.025), bulky disease (P less than 0.025) and bone marrow involvement (P less than 0.025). Furthermore the response to therapy was strongly correlated with prognosis (P less than 0.0001) with 34.5 months median survival for complete responders, 9 months for partial responders, and 3 months for non-responders. Four patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (three autologous and one allogeneic BMT in a patient in leukemic phase); three of them are still in CR (18, 22, and 27 months from the transplant) while one patient had an early relapse and died 3 months later. PMID- 3496224 TI - Protein kinase C-activating phorbol esters augment expression of T cell receptor genes. AB - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters (PE) can modulate cellular functions and cell surface determinant expression in a variety of cell types, including T lymphocytes, presumably by activating the enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC). To examine whether PKC might be involved in regulating the expression of genes encoding the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR), we cultured the murine thymoma line, EL4, in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and analyzed the expression of TCR alpha or beta-chain genes by Northern blots. TPA stimulation of an interleukin 2 (IL 2)-producing variant, EL4+, induced a 3-4 fold increase in TCR beta, but not alpha, chain mRNA. Maximal increase was obtained with 3 ng/ml TPA and 12 h of stimulation. This effect appeared related to PKC activation because other tumor-promoting PE known to be PKC activators, but not inactive PE, induced the same increase. TPA stimulation of EL4+ cells also induced de novo expression of the IL 2 gene and subsequent secretion of this lymphokine. However, the increased expression of the TCR beta-chain gene and the induction of the IL 2 gene were not linked since expression of TCR beta-chain mRNA was increased to a similar degree in EL4+ and IL 2-nonproducing EL4- sublines, and cyclosporin A selectively blocked TPA-induced IL 2-gene expression in EL4+ cells without affecting the increase in TCR beta-chain mRNA. These findings suggest that PKC activation, an event that supposedly occurs after antigen-mediated triggering of the TCR, can regulate the expression of at least some of the genes encoding this receptor. PMID- 3496225 TI - Analysis of the human tonsil B cell repertoire by somatic hybridization: occurrence of both "monospecific" and "multispecific" (auto)antibody-secreting cells. AB - The purpose of our study was to investigate the (auto)antibody repertoire of human tonsil B cells. To this end, unseparated tonsil B cells and "large" and "small" tonsil B cells, obtained after fractionation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient, were fused with the (human X mouse) heterohybridoma K6H6/B5. The IgM antibodies secreted by individual clones were analyzed in spot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for reactivity against a panel of 5 autoantigens and 1 xenoantigen. The results show that both "mono-" and "multispecific" (auto)antibody-secreting clones can be obtained by somatic hybridization of unseparated, "small" and "large" tonsil B cells. The patterns of IgM reactivities in these three collections of hybridomas did not differ significantly. Inhibition experiments revealed that "multispecific" antibodies can bind with high affinity to more than one (auto)antigen. The results of these experiments are discussed in relation to the state of activation of tonsil B lymphocytes. PMID- 3496226 TI - Nickel-specific T lymphocyte clones derived from allergic nickel-contact dermatitis lesions in man: heterogeneity based on requirement of dendritic antigen-presenting cell subsets. AB - Inflammatory skin T cells were cloned in an antigen-independent way from lesions of patients with experimentally induced nickel-contact dermatitis. In three experiments 7-15% of the CD4+8- T lymphocyte clones (TLC) appeared to be specific for nickel in a proliferation assay. These proliferative response of nickel specific TLC required the presence of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and were restricted by HLA class II molecules. All TLC recognized nickel presented by APC from epidermal skin. Remarkably, 5 out of 8 nickel-specific TLC exclusively recognized nickel when presented by these skin-specific APC whereas 3 out of these 8 clones could also recognize nickel presented by APC from peripheral blood. The critical APC within the fractions of epidermal cells and peripheral blood appeared to belong to the family of dendritic cells, i.e. Langerhans cells and circulating dendritic cells, respectively. PMID- 3496227 TI - Anti-HLA-class II monoclonal antibodies inhibit polyclonal B cell differentiation in vitro at the accessory cell level. AB - We produced and characterized a panel of anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to study the inhibition of T cell-dependent B cell differentiation. The newly produced mAb belonged to different isotypes and subclasses, and recognized at least two different nonpolymorphic HLA class II determinants. We found that anti-HLA class II mAb inhibited the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- and interleukin 2 driven T cell-dependent IgM synthesis, but did not affect the phorbol myristate acetate-, phytohemagglutinin-, anti-T3- or PWM-induced T cell proliferation. Moreover, when the mAb were tested in a monocyte-independent B cell differentiation assay in which T cells are activated by insoluble anti-T3 mAb in the absence of accessory cells, no effect was seen on IgM synthesis. These data indicate that inhibition of T cell-dependent B cell differentiation by anti-HLA class II mAb is caused by interference with an accessory cell function essential for B cell differentiation. PMID- 3496228 TI - Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of CGS 12066B, a selective serotonin-1B agonist. AB - CGS 12066B is a novel pyrroloquinoxaline with selectivity for the serotonin-1B (5HT1B) recognition site as assessed by binding, biochemical and electrophysiological studies. The compound had an IC50 value of 51 nM at the 5HT1B recognition site as determined using the binding of [3H]5HT in the presence of 1 microM spiperone. At the 5HT1A receptor the compound had an IC50 value of 876 nM, providing a 5HT1A/5HT1B ratio of 17 in contrast to the putative 5HT1B selective agent trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) which had a corresponding ratio of 3.6. The compound had minimal affinity for alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta adrenoceptors and for dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors. CGS 12066B, in contrast to TFMPP, which was inactive, was found to inhibit dorsal raphe cell firing with an ED50 value of 358 nmol/kg i.v. The corresponding values for the 5HT1A selective agonists 8-OH-DPAT and ipsapirone were 1.3 and 33 nmol/kg. CGS 12066B was also effective in decreasing rat brain 5-HTP concentrations and inhibiting in vitro 5HT release. The data obtained indicate that CGS 12066B is a reasonably active 5HT1B site agonist, which due to its selectivity as compared to compounds such as TFMPP, will be a useful tool for evaluating the physiological role of such receptors in the mammalian CNS. PMID- 3496229 TI - MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine) is a neurotoxin to dopamine-, norepinephrine- and serotonin-containing neurons. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is an oxidative metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydroxypyridine (MPTP). MPP+ produced local cell death when injected directly into substantia nigra compacta, locus coeruleus, or dorsal and median raphe nuclei of rats. Corresponding significant decreases in dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels were observed in the terminal areas. These observations indicate that MPP+ is a non-selective neurotoxin which causes lesions not only in dopaminergic neurons but also in noradrenergic and serotonergic systems following intracranial administration. Selective lesioning of these monoaminergic systems could only be achieved by a stereotaxic injection of MPP+ into specific brain regions containing monoamine neurons. PMID- 3496230 TI - IgG binding to cytoskeletal intermediate filaments activates the complement cascade. AB - The cellular plasma membrane becomes permeable to macromolecules during the cell injury process. This results in exposure of the interior of the cell to plasma proteins and to high-affinity binding of the Fc part of IgG to intermediate filaments (Hansson, G K, Starkebaum, G A, Benditt, E P & Schwartz, S M, Proc natl acad sci USA 81 (1984) 3103). Such IgG binding could be an early step in a process that serves to eliminate the injured cell. We have now identified its effect on the complement system. Intermediate filaments were reconstituted in vitro from purified vimentin, and incubated with plasma proteins. Cross-linker experiments showed binding of the heavy chain of IgG to vimentin, indicating that the vimentin protein carries an Fc-binding site. In contrast, no direct binding of complement factor Clq to vimentin could be detected. Binding of both IgG and Clq could, however, be detected by immunofluorescence when cytoskeletons of cultured endothelial cells were incubated with fresh serum. Therefore, IgG binding to filaments in the presence of serum is accompanied by Clq binding to IgG. This was in turn followed by fixation of C4 and C3 to intermediate filaments in a process that was dependent on both Ca2+, Mg2+ and Clq, indicating that it was part of a complement activation via the classical pathway. Exposure of fresh serum to intermediate filaments also resulted in production of the anaphylatoxic complement cleavage fragment. C3a, with a dose-response relationship between the amount of filaments present and the amount of C3a generated. Chemotactic activity towards granulocytes and monocytes was also generated by exposure of serum to intermediate filaments, and this activity was dependent on the presence of complement factor C5 and on the classical complement activation cascade, implying that it was due to the C5a peptide. Exposure of the interior of the cell to plasma proteins thus results in binding of IgG to intermediate filaments and activation of the complement cascade via the classical pathway. This, in turn generates bioactive mediators which may recruit leukocytes to the injured cell (C5a) and have profound effects on vascular permeability (C3a, C5a). We propose that this is part of a scavenger mechanism for the elimination of damaged cells. PMID- 3496231 TI - Alpha-actinin is absent from the terminal segments of myofibrils and from subsarcolemmal densities in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The presence and distribution of alpha-actinin, an actin-bundling protein, was investigated at sites where frog skeletal muscle forms junctions with tendon collagen fibers. These sites, called myotendinous junctions, are regions where myofibrils terminate and where the force of muscular contraction is transmitted from muscle cells to the substratum. An antibody manufactured to chicken smooth muscle alpha-actinin was used as a probe for alpha-actinin localization in this study. The cross-reactivity of this antibody with frog skeletal muscle alpha actinin is demonstrated in immunoblots of one-dimensional (1D) electrophoretic separations of muscle proteins. Immunofluorescent localization of anti-alpha actinin and electron microscopic immunolabelling confirms that the antibody binds to Z-discs with high affinity. However, in sections treated for electron microscopy with affinity-purified anti-alpha-actinin and a ferritin-conjugated, second antibody, there was no significant difference between experimental or control preparations in the number of ferritin grains overlying dense, subsarcolemmal material at junctional or non-junctional regions. Furthermore, Z discs near myotendinous junctions displayed less binding of anti-alpha-actinin than Z-discs located several micrometers or more from the cells' termini. These findings indicate that thin filaments are not bundled by alpha-actinin near the sarcolemma. The results also provide evidence for molecular heterogeneity between Z-discs at the ends of muscle cells compared with other regions of the cell in that the terminal Z-discs of myofibrils contain very little or no alpha-actinin relative to non-terminal Z-discs. PMID- 3496232 TI - The distribution of F-actin in cells isolated from vertebrate retinas. AB - Filamentous actin has been localized in isolated retinal neurons and glia using fluorescent phallotoxin. Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and Muller (glial) cells were isolated by gentle enzymatic digestion of frog, lizard, rabbit, rat and cat retinas. The cells were then fixed in paraformaldehyde and stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. The patterns of fluorescence recorded were specific for each cell type. All interneurons had spots of bright fluorescence along dendrites and (or) axon terminals, probably corresponding to synaptic sites. Horizontal cells and Muller cells had a continuous subplasmalemmal layer of fluorescence throughout; this layer was also present in bipolar cells, but only in the region of cytoplasm at the base of the dendrites. Muller cells also had bright fluorescence in their apical microvilli and terminal web and associated with the zonulae adhaerentes junctions between Muller cells and photoreceptors. All photoreceptors exhibited fluorescence in their synaptic terminals, in a ring just sclerad to the nucleus (corresponding to zonulae adhaerentes junctions formed with Muller cells), and in cables running longitudinally in the inner segment. Frog photoreceptors also had processes alongside their outer segments. Rods from mammals and Xenopus had distinct spots of fluorescence at the outer segment base in a region that suggests involvement with morphogenesis of new outer-segment disc membrane. PMID- 3496233 TI - Retinal degenerations in the dog: IV. Early retinal degeneration (erd) in Norwegian elkhounds. AB - A new early onset hereditary retinal degeneration is characterized in Norwegian elkhound dogs. This disease, termed early retinal degeneration (erd), was studied in 10 affected dogs, from 30 days- to 7 years old, clinically, by electroretinography, and by light- and electron-microscopic morphology. Control studies were performed on 49 non-affected dogs. Affected dogs are initially nightblind, and become totally blind between 12- and 18 months of age. The postnatal development of their rod and cone photoreceptors is abnormal both structurally and functionally. Morphologically, rod and cone inner- and outer segment growth occurs but appears uncoordinated. Adjacent rods become very disparate in the size and proportions of their inner- and outer segments. Prominent villiform processes extend from the inner segments of rods and, to a lesser extent, cones. Synaptic terminals of rods and cones fail to develop properly. The b-wave of the electroretinogram fails to develop and the electroretinogram (ERG) remains a-wave-dominated. Subsequent to these abnormalities of development, the rods and cones degenerate, rapidly at first and later more gradually. In normal dogs, development of the ERG a- and b-waves is shown to follow, respectively, morphologic development of the photoreceptor outer segments and synaptic terminals. Similarly the abnormal development and subsequent degeneration of photoreceptor outer segments and synaptic terminals in affected dogs, correspond in time course to development and degeneration of the ERG a- and b-waves. PMID- 3496234 TI - Patterns of acute myeloid leukemia colony growth in response to recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). AB - In order to assess the response of acute myeloid leukemia colony-forming cells (AML-CFU) to recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM CSF), AML blasts of 20 patients were cultured in a colony assay supplemented with titrated concentrations of rGM-CSF. In 16 cases rGM-CSF was able to induce AML colonies. In eight cases maximal clonogenic cell proliferation was obtained with 100 U rGM-CSF/ml alone (type I response). In eight other cases, however, maximal colony numbers were reached only after the addition of low concentrations of PHA leukocyte conditioned media (PHA-LCM) to the rGM-CSF containing cultures (type II response). These values could not be obtained with higher doses of rGM-CSF (500 U/ml) or PHA-LCM separately. Thus in this subgroup, optimal AML colony formation depended on rGM-CSF plus an additional factor. Finally, in 4 of 20 cases rGM-CSF alone (100 U, 1000 U/ml) was not capable of inducing any AML colonies in vitro (type III). In these latter cases proliferation of AML-CFU could be achieved only by supplementing PHA-LCM. We conclude that GM-CSF is a stimulator of the in vitro proliferation of AML clonogenic cells. However, in a majority of these cases, i.e., 12 out of 20, AML-CFU require an additional factor for optimal proliferation which is produced by PHA-stimulated leukocytes. PMID- 3496235 TI - Human T-lymphocyte-derived megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity. AB - Conditioned medium from a T-lymphoblastic cell line (Mo) contains a number of well-characterized hemopoietins. In this paper we demonstrate that Mo cells also release a factor(s) able to stimulate the growth and the differentiation of megakaryocytic progenitors into large-size pure megakaryocytic colonies in plasma clot cultures. Comparison with other sources of human-active hemopoietins shows that Mo-conditioned medium performs better than others, especially for the megakaryocytic lineage. The factor(s) shows strong similarities with human Meg CSF obtained from a thrombocytopenic patient's plasma, and is distinguishable from the other hemopoietins present in the medium. PMID- 3496236 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte response to recombinant and non-recombinant interleukin 2 in previously treated patients with Hodgkin's disease, long-time off-therapy. AB - 13 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) previously treated, 9 of whom were long time (more than 2 yr) off-therapy, were studied for peripheral blood lymphocyte response to interleukin 2 and for lymphocyte subpopulations by means of in vitro cultures and monoclonal antibodies. The aim of the study was to ascertain the role played by interleukin 2 in the impaired cell-mediated immunity of HD patients. The results show a response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HD patients to either the T cell-specific polyclonal mitogens PHA and Con A or to the T cell-dependent, although B cell-specific, PWM, most significantly decreased compared to the normal response. As far as the interleukin 2 involvement in HD is concerned, our study suggests: an impaired endogenous interleukin 2 production by T lymphocytes, a most probable deficiency of the interleukin 2 receptor (Tac) expression and 3) a decrease of the number and/or of the function of NK cells no longer responsive in vitro to interleukin 2. The phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a slight decrease of total T cells (T3+), of the helper/inducer subset (T4+) and of the T4+/T8+ cells ratio. Our data seem to support the rationale for a therapeutical approach with interleukin 2 in controlled clinical trials also in HD patients, according to the experiments in progress in solid tumor patients. PMID- 3496237 TI - Co-expression of T3 and surface immunoglobulin in neoplasms of 'early' B cells: a report of 2 cases. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (WDLL) characteristically express surface membrane immunoglobulin (SIg) and react with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against a marker present on most normal T cells, namely T1. These SIg-positive B cells are usually negative for other T cell markers including T3 (CD3) which is expressed in all normal T cells. We report 2 cases, 1 CLL and 1 WDLL, in which the peripheral lymphocytes not only expressed monotypic SIg but also reacted with the T3-specific Mabs UCHT1 and OKT3 by indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase staining. False-positive staining by both UCHT1 and OKT3 was excluded by showing that lymphocytes sensitized with an irrelevant mouse Mab did not stain with second layer antibodies and that lymphocytes stained with second layer antibodies alone were always completely unreactive. Also, in 1 case the determinants demonstrated by both anti-Ig and UCHT1 were re-expressed after capping and shedding, i.e. appeared to be endogenous. The B cell origin of the CLL lymphocytes was supported by the finding of CK gene rearrangement in the absence of T beta gene rearrangement. It seems therefore that neoplasms of 'early' B cells may show bidirectional differentiation and co-express markers that are believed to be T specific. PMID- 3496238 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell type in relation to immunoglobulin isotype(s) on the leukemic clone and to clinical features. AB - Total blood T lymphocytes and subpopulations (OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells) were studied in 59 patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In 48 previously untreated patients, total T lymphocytes were higher as compared to healthy controls (p less than 0.001). T-cells and OKT8+ cells were significantly increased in patients in advanced clinical stage and with progressive disease in comparison to patients with low stage and indolent disease. High numbers of OKT8+ lymphocytes were also seen in patients with a dominance of mu heavy chains on the leukemic clone. Moreover, in this patient group the OKT8+ subpopulation correlated with total B cells (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001) while in patients with a mu delta phenotype no such correlation was seen. After successful cytostatic therapy there was a reduction in total numbers of both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells, in particular, with a concomitant increase in OKT4/OKT8 ratios. PMID- 3496239 TI - Clinical signification of natural killer activity in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymphocytes with the capacity to form stable rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (E+) was studied in 28 previously untreated patients (11 at stage 0, 10 at stage I and 7 at stages II and III, according to Rai's classification) and 7 treated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), all of them at stage 0 according to Rai's classification after treatment, and in 15 healthy controls. The mean NK activities of PBMC and E+ lymphocytes from untreated patients were significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) when compared with those of PBMC and E+ lymphocytes, respectively, from healthy controls. However, PBMC and E+ cells from treated patients demonstrated NK activity similar to that of the corresponding cellular populations of controls (p greater than 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences among the NK activities of E+ lymphocytes from untreated B-CLL patients in the different clinical stages 0, I, II and III, according to Rai's classification (p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that the very low or undetectable levels of NK activity present in PBMC and E+ cell populations from previously untreated patients with B-CLL, regardless of the clinical stage of the disease, can be modified by systemic therapy with alkylating agents. Moreover, the NK activity of PBMC and E+ lymphocytes from some treated patients that have achieved the stage 0 according to Rai's classification after chemotherapy can be found within the range of the lytic activity shown by PBMC and E+ cells from normal donors. PMID- 3496240 TI - 1-substituted 5-dialkylaminomethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-ones with antiinflammatory and analgesic activity. AB - The synthesis of 1-phenyl- and 1-methyl-5-dialkylamino-methyl-1,5,6,7 tetrahydroindazol-4-ones (III) and (IV) by Mannich reaction of the corresponding 1-substituted 1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-4-ones (I) and (II) is described. Some compounds (III) showed a good antiinflammatory and analgesic activity in rats and mice, respectively. Infiltration anesthesia in mice and antiacetylcholine activity in vitro are also reported. PMID- 3496241 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis by phorbol esters through protein kinase C in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - In cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) induced DNA synthesis in the presence of plasma-derived serum to a small extent, but inhibited markedly the rabbit whole blood serum (WBS)-, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- and epidermal growth factor-induced DNA synthesis. Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) mimicked this antiproliferative action of TPA, but 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate was inactive in this capacity. Prolonged treatment of the cells with PDBu caused the partial down-regulation of protein kinase C. In these protein kinase C-reduced cells, WBS still induced DNA synthesis, but TPA did not inhibit the WBS-induced DNA synthesis. We have previously shown that protein kinase C is involved at least partially in the PDGF induced DNA synthesis in rabbit aortic SMC. The present results together with this earlier observation suggest that protein kinase C has not only a proliferative but also an antiproliferative action in rabbit aortic SMC. PMID- 3496242 TI - Effect of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and GTP on calcium release from pituitary microsomes. AB - Microsomal vesicles from bovine anterior pituitary accumulate Ca2+ and maintain a steady-state ambient Ca2+ level of 200 nM. IP3 and GTP both induce calcium release from the microsomal vesicles. The effect of IP3 is inhibited by polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the effect of GTP is absolutely dependent on PEG. Half-maximal effect of IP3 (without PEG) is 0.26 micron, the maximal calcium release attaining 7% of the A23187-releasable pool. The same values for GTP (in the presence of PEG) are 80 microM and 10%, respectively. GTP potentiates the effect of IP3. This potentiation is not mediated by protein phosphorylation. PMID- 3496243 TI - Identification of the active site of Citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase using dansyl-penicillin. AB - The active site sequence of a beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s) in Citrobacter freundii GN346 was determined using dansyl-penicillin as a fluorescent probe. The tryptic digest of the labelled enzyme gave a fluorescent peptide containing 22 amino acids. The sequence of this peptide was identical to the consensus sequence of class C beta-lactamases, Gly-Ser-X-Ser-Lys. The residue labelled was the serine adjacent to the glycine. The active site sequence corresponded to positions 46-67 of the entire sequence of the Citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase determined on the basis of the DNA sequence of the structural gene [(1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 156, 441-445]. The labelled serine corresponded to Ser-64. PMID- 3496244 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 5'-GTP induce calcium release from different intracellular pools. AB - It has been shown recently by several groups that 5'-GTP can release calcium from intracellular compartments independently from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) by a mechanism which seems to be different from that used by Ins(1,4,5)P3. We report here for the first time that the 5'-GTP-sensitive and the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive calcium pools reside in different intracellular compartments. PMID- 3496245 TI - Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate increases the duration of the inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ transient. AB - The effect of Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 on the intracellular Ca2+ mobilization produced by Ins 1,4,5-P3 has been examined in permeabilized hepatocytes. Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 did not affect the magnitude of the Ins 1,4,5-P3-mediated Ca2+ release but did inhibit re-accumulation of the released Ca2+ back into intracellular stores. This effect was not mimicked by Ins 1,3,4-P3. In hepatocytes, the re-uptake phase of the response results from Ins 1,4,5-P3 hydrolysis. Measurements using labeled substrates indicate that Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 inhibits the hydrolysis of Ins 1,4,5-P3 and vice versa. Since the removal of the 5-phosphate on Ins 1,4,5-P3 and Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 is a common step in the disposal of both compounds, it is suggested that one of the biological effects of Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 may be to slow hydrolysis of Ins 1,4,5-P3 and thereby prolong the duration of a Ca2+ transient. PMID- 3496246 TI - Mast cells and basophils in murine lymph nodes stimulated by B-cell mitogen. AB - The total number of mast cells and basophilic granulocytes in lymph nodes activated in vivo by a B-cell mitogen (formaldehyde-fixed S. paratyphi B) remains unchanged in spite of a significant enlargement and cellularity of the lymph nodes. This is in contrast to the previous finding showing that T-cell mitogens reduce the number of granular cells in the lymph nodes. PMID- 3496247 TI - [Indications of the systemic character of circumscript scleroderma in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3496248 TI - [The immune system of the skin]. PMID- 3496249 TI - Polyclonal activation of salmonid B lymphocytes. AB - The process of in vitro polyclonal activation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) lymphocytes was examined with respect to the induction of mitogenesis, total immunoglobulin production, and the production of specific antibodies or plaque forming cells. These studies demonstrate that antigen specific stimulation of antibody production is not linked to mitogenic activity, or total immunoglobulin production, while the polyclonal activation of specific antibody production is closely linked to these functions. Stimulation of immunoglobulin production by phytohemagglutinin suggests that this mitogen may not be limited to T cell activation in salmonids or, alternatively, it may induce the production of lymphokines capable of polyclonally activating B cells. Further, fetal calf serum was found to cause production of large amounts of immunoglobulin in vitro without antigenic stimulation. PMID- 3496250 TI - PMA-induced chemiluminescence of amphibian leucocytes. PMID- 3496251 TI - Sexual differentiation of the human midtrimester brain. AB - It is firmly believed that sexual differentiation of the brain is linked with external genital differentiation in timing as an in utero event in the human. An extensive search for oestrogen, androgen and progestin receptors failed to show their presence despite adequate controls in cytosols from human fetal brain of gestational ages 14-20 weeks. It is possible that the receptors are present in levels so low that they are undetectable by present-day methods. Our results would indicate that hormonally influenced in utero brain sexual differentiation is most unlikely to occur as a mid-trimester event. PMID- 3496252 TI - Expression of differentiated function by mineralizing cultures of chicken osteoblasts. AB - This report documents osteoblast differentiation in vitro, as demonstrated by the 50-100X increase of proteins which are known markers of the osteoblast phenotype. Collagen type I and osteocalcin synthesis and accumulation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix calcification show similar temporal relationships that are analogous to those seen during in vivo bone development. Chicken embryonic osteoblast progenitor cells were selected by initial growth at low densities in minimal medium. Upon subcultivation into nutrient-enriched medium at higher cell densities, near homogeneous populations of osteoblasts were obtained as demonstrated by the greater than 80% enrichment of cells positive for alkaline phosphatase activity. A comparison was made between cells grown in the presence or absence of 10 mM beta-glycerolphosphate (beta-GPO4), a chemical stimulant of matrix calcification, as a function of time. Cultures treated with beta-GPO4 showed visible calcification at Day 12 when culture monolayers became confluent. By Day 30, numerous large foci of calcification were visible and a 20-fold increase in calcium (Ca) content was observed. In contrast, untreated cultures had only a 3-fold increase in Ca content with many smaller diffuse areas of calcification. DNA, RNA, and total protein levels were nearly identical between the two cultures, indicating that beta-GPO4 had no marked effect on either cell proliferation or transcriptional activity. The major collagen type produced by either culture was type I, with no detectable type III as determined by CNBr peptide mapping and delayed reduction analysis. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed a rapid approximately 50-fold induction by Day 18 and remained elevated in control cultures. However, cultures treated with beta-GPO4 demonstrated a rapid 80% decline of enzyme activity after 18 days. In contrast, total osteocalcin levels showed a 100-fold induction by Day 18 and remained elevated in both control and beta-GPO4-treated cultures throughout the time period examined. While the overall levels of osteocalcin were the same in beta-GPO4-treated and untreated cultures, 2- to 5-fold more osteocalcin was associated with the more mineralized matrices of the beta-GPO4-treated cultures. In order to confirm the association of osteocalcin with areas of mineralization, co-localization of mineral to osteocalcin and collagen was carried out by combining vital labeling with tetracycline and immunofluorescent staining with anti-osteocalcin and anti collagen antibodies. Both collagen and osteocalcin showed strong localization with areas of mineralization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3496253 TI - A possible role for the vascular membrane in retinal regeneration in Rana catesbienna tadpoles. AB - We have studied the process of retinal regeneration in Rana catesbienna tadpoles using a recently developed monoclonal antibody (2D3) directed against frog neurons and germinitive neuroepithelium. We have found that, following retinal degeneration induced by devascularization, new retina is generated in the posterior eye from transdifferentiating pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and in the anterior eye from increased proliferation at the normal growth zone in the ora serrata. This demonstrates that the anuran retina regenerates in a manner similar to that observed previously in urodeles. In addition, the use of MAb-2D3 has allowed us to study the process of RPE transdifferentiation more accurately than was previously possible, and consequently we have found a high degree of association of migratory pigment cells with the retinal vascular membrane at the time of the initial RPE transdifferentiation to retinal neuroblasts. PMID- 3496254 TI - Benign paroxysmal vertigo and migraine. PMID- 3496255 TI - Gastric cancer in San Marinese and their first degree relatives in San Marino and the United States. Gastroscopic biopsy as an epidemiological tool. AB - The Republic of San Marino, a small, 23-square mile, independent country near the Adriatic Coast within Italy, has been noted to have a high incidence of gastric cancer in its 22,000 population (9% of all deaths from 1969-1983 with 33% of all cancer deaths attributed to gastric cancer). Gastroscopic biopsy studies on 284 first degree relatives of San Marinese gastric cancer patients in the Republic of San Marino and in Detroit, where 2,000-2,500 San Marinese reside, have allowed detection of six gastric malignancies. Intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa was found in 16 (52%) of 31 Detroit first degree relatives and 51 (36%) of 143 San Marino first degree relatives. Gastroscopy provides an important tool not only for the early detection of gastric cancer in populations of high risk (such as that of San Marino), but also for providing clues to the genetic and environmental factors in gastric neoplasia. PMID- 3496256 TI - Endoscopic microwave treatment. PMID- 3496257 TI - The capillary thrombometer revisited. AB - A modified capillary thrombometer was constructed to study the rate of thrombus formation using heparinized whole blood (2 U/ml) obtained from normal adults (n = 22) and children (n = 20) and patients with hemophilia A (n = 10) or von Willebrand's disease (n = 8). The median thrombosis times were as follows: normal adults = 12.8 min (range = 4.5-26.0), normal children = 13.3 min (range = 5.7 29.0), patients with hemophilia A = 37.2 min (range = 20.0-60.0 min), and patients with von Willebrand's disease = 60.0 min (range = 37.2-60.0). Significant differences were demonstrated between all groups of subjects, except between normal adults and children. The capillary thrombometer appears to measure thrombus formation dependent on adequate Willebrand factor and platelets. PMID- 3496258 TI - Particular interest of HLA typing for genetic counselling in families with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH deficiency). AB - The close genetic linkage between 21 hydroxylase deficiency and HLA loci considerably enlarges the possibilities of genetic counselling. Two 21-OH deficient complex families are reported, illustrating several aspects of this genetic counselling: detection of carriers, determination of the actual risk to related couples, suspicion of 21-OH deficiency by an HLA specificity association, and prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 3496259 TI - Heterogeneity of chronic T-cell lymphocytosis: immunological and clinical aspects. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings as well as the immunological cell phenotype of nine patients with chronic T-cell lymphocytosis (T-CL) are presented. The clinical course was stable in most patients and only one patient died. Splenic enlargement was the main clinical finding and in contrast to B-CLL the age at presentation was lower; T-CL predominated in females and lymphadenopathy was rare. The lymphocyte count was moderate (range 4.1-23.8 X 10(9)/L). Six patients displayed neutropenia; in contrast, anaemia was only observed in one patient and thrombopenia in another. The immunological cell phenotype was heterogeneous: four cases exhibited a cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype, two a helper phenotype and in the remaining three cases mixed OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes were observed; these results suggest that T-CL may originate from different T-cell subsets. Although the question of the benign or neoplastic nature of the T-CL remains open, some of the characteristics of the immunological phenotype could provide additional evidence to demonstrate the malignant condition of the process: in contrast to normal lymphocytes (CD5+, CD7+) the lymphocytes in T-CL were generally CD5 +/-, CD7-, and one patient showed an aberrant phenotype (OKT3+, OKT6+), an occasional finding in other T lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 3496260 TI - [Molecular biology of hereditary corneal diseases]. PMID- 3496261 TI - [Band-shaped elastotic keratopathy (degeneratio corneae spherularis elastoides) in familial corneal dystrophy]. PMID- 3496262 TI - [Congenital, acquired and experimental posterior lentiglobus]. PMID- 3496263 TI - A comparison of bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS related conditions. AB - Bone marrow biopsies and smears were examined from 70 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related conditions: 32 patients with AIDS; 9, at risk, group patients with B-cell lymphoma; 22 patients with AIDS related complex (ARC) and 7, at risk, group patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The first three groups showed similarity with respect to frequency of nonspecific findings: hypo and hypercellularity, marrow damage, lymphoid aggregates, histiocytosis, plasmacytosis and features of myelodysplasia. AFB and fungal organisms were present in the biopsies of 17 per cent of AIDS and 18 per cent of ARC patients. The organisms were associated with bone marrow granulomas or histiocytosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anemia. Only one out of 9 biopsies in patients with previous diagnoses of lymphoma showed involvement of the marrow. One case each of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were discovered incidentally among the 22 biopsies from ARC patients without a previous diagnosis of lymphoma. Except for those presenting with ITP alone, bone marrow changes are similar in patients with AIDS and AIDS related conditions. PMID- 3496264 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte hyperreactivity in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis]. AB - In an attempt to characterize immunological reactions in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) mononuclear cells were tested for their ability to secrete interleukin-2 (II-2), and for their response to the T-cell independent B-cell mitogen anti-mu sepharose. Compared with patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), patients with PSS showed a marked enhancement in their response to anti-mu. With regard to II-2 secretion mononuclear cells from PSS patients tended to show increased responses as well. Our data provide evidence for hyperreactivity at both the T- and B-cell level in PSS. PMID- 3496265 TI - Haptenated streptococcal antigens elicit either T cell-dependent type 1 or T cell independent type 2 immune responses. AB - Antigens of Streptococcus mutans 6715 (alternatively designated serotype g Streptococcus sobrinus), including whole cells (WC g), cell walls (CW g), peptidoglycan (PG g) and serotype carbohydrate (Ml g) were coupled with trinitrophenyl (TNP), and the nature of the immune response to each immunogen was determined in normal and X-linked immunodeficient (xid) murine spleen cell cultures. Responses to TNP-WC g, -CW g and -PG g and to the classical type 1 antigen TNP-Brucella abortus occurred in both xid and normal splenic cultures, while TNP-Ml g only triggered immune responses in normal spleen cell cultures, suggesting that the former three antigens are type 1 and the latter type 2. Further support for the type 2 nature of TNP-Ml g was the finding that Peyer's patch cell cultures from both xid (which contain mature B cells) and normal mice supported responses to TNP-Ml g and TNP-Ficoll, while xid splenic cultures failed to support responses to either type 2 antigen. The three type 1 TNP-S. mutans antigens induced responses in nude spleen cell and in purified splenic B cell cultures, but required T cells for in vitro responses to lower doses of immunogen. On the other hand, TNP-Ml g induced anti-TNP PFC responses at several antigen concentrations in purified B cell cultures, without requirement for added T cells. These studies show that the intact S. mutans cell, as well as CW g and PG g, acts as a T cell-dependent (TD) type 1 antigen, while the serotype carbohydrate (Ml g) induces a T cell-independent (TI) type 2 response. Thus, the intact bacterium is a TD type 1 antigen, whereas its purified components are either type 1 or type 2 antigens and differ significantly in terms of their T cell dependence. PMID- 3496266 TI - Concanavalin A responsiveness and interleukin 2 production in the snake Spalerosophis diadema. AB - Thymocytes and splenocytes (SC) of adult snakes, Spalerosophis diadema, responded to concanavalin A (Con A) in vitro by strong proliferation during the spring and autumn seasons. Con A-mediated mitogenesis was, however, abrogated in summer and winter. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from snake SC cultures stimulated with Con A in spring or autumn could enhance the Con A summer and winter responses and support the proliferation of splenic lymphoblasts. Gel filtration of native CM on Sephadex G-100 revealed the presence of two biologically active peaks of molecular weight 39-42 and 15 KD. However, only one peak of activity corresponding to molecular weight (m.w.) of 14-15 KD was observed when CM was subjected to analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The active molecular forms exhibited isoelectric points of 5.5-5.8 and 6.4-6.6. The findings suggest that Con A activation of snake lymphocytes in optimal seasonal conditions is associated with the secretion of a lymphokine analogous to the interleukin 2 (IL 2) of endothermic vertebrates. PMID- 3496267 TI - Heavy-metal mitogenesis: thymocyte activation by Zn++ requires 2-mercaptoethanol and lipopolysaccharide as cofactors. AB - Thymocytes from Balb/C mice were activated in vitro by Zn++ as noted by the several-fold increases in 3H-thymidine incorporation at 144 h of culture. Thymocyte activation by Zn++ required the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in concentrations as low as 1.0 ng/ml. Thymocytes were not stimulated by these agents in the absence of Zn++. Bovine serum products, thought to contain trace amounts of LPS, appeared to satisfy this LPS requirement. Interleukin 1 (IL 1) could not replace LPS as a cofactor. Thymocytes did not respond to Hg++ under the culture conditions used here. Thymocyte subpopulation studies showed that cell preparations enriched for peanut lectin receptor-negative, mature thymocytes were activated by Zn++ and required LPS for the response. PMID- 3496268 TI - The mechanism of action of the factor in leprosy serum that inhibits the growth of mitogen-stimulated normal human lymphocytes. AB - A factor found in the serum of patients with leprosy that inhibits the growth of mitogen-stimulated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes has been studied. The inhibitor, previously identified as an IgG, has been shown to act by blocking the recruitment of lymphocytes into growth. It was not cytotoxic and did not inhibit the rate of growth of those lymphocytes that had been stimulated. The inhibitory activity was less potent if the serum was added after mitogen stimulation. The inhibitor, which could be absorbed by activated but not resting lymphocyte cultures, appeared to act by inhibition of an early event preceding the release of IL-2. The inhibition of mitogen stimulation was overcome by the addition of purified IL-2, although the inhibitor did not block the action of IL-2 on a long term cultured IL-2-dependent cell line. PMID- 3496269 TI - Cap formation in a B-lymphocyte cell line is inhibited by pertussis toxin and phorbol ester. AB - We have examined concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cap formation in a B-lymphocyte derived cell line, LAZ-559. Treatment with pertussis toxin (PT) or phorbol-12 myristate-13-acetate (PMA) prior to exposure of the cells to Con A abolished the capping reaction. The possible role of calcium mobilization was tested using cells pre-loaded with the fluorescent dye Quin2. Both PT and PMA caused inhibition of calcium mobilization at concentrations similar to those observed for the inhibition of capping. The possible identity of the substrate for pertussis toxin was examined by carrying out ADP-ribosylation of the isolated plasma membranes using [alpha-32P]NAD and pertussis toxin. Several bands were observed at molecular weights of 109,000, 43,000, 34,000 and 22,000. Comparative labelling with cholera toxin revealed a separate band at 42,000. The bands at 43,000 and 34,000 are PT specific. Of these, the 43,000 band comigrated with the PT substrate that has been shown to regulate capping in human neutrophils (Lad et al., 1985a, 1986b). PMA-induced phosphorylation was examined in 32P-loaded cells, and multiple bands were observed to be labelled in a dose-dependent manner, at least two of which were very similar in mobility to the PT substrate. Our results suggest that regulation of calcium mobilization and the control of capping via a PMA-sensitive, GTP-binding protein are probably general phenomena observable in multiple cell systems. PMID- 3496270 TI - T cells or their products are required for the differentiation of precursor B cells into antibody-secreting cells specific for a supposed T-independent self antigen. AB - From our experiments and those of others in which cells were cultured at a density of 100,000 cells per well, it has been suggested that autoantibody production against mouse bromelain-treated erythrocytes (mouse brom-RBC) was independent of T cells, and further, was enhanced by the removal of T cells from responsive cell populations. Here it is shown in limiting dilution cultures that the autoimmune response is highly dependent on T cells or their products. B cells purified from the peritoneal cavities of untreated mice did not differentiate in vitro into autoantibody-secreting cells unless provided with signals from at least one of two types of accessory cells. These were plastic adherent cells and T cells, derived either from the peritoneal cavity or from established cell lines. Here it is shown that peritoneal T cells or T cells from the LBRM-33 cell line stimulated the differentiation of purified B cells in vitro in the absence of added mitogens. The accessory cell effect could be transferred in supernatants derived from T-cell cultures but not filler-cell cultures. Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) added to culture medium did not stimulate B cells directly, but could increase precursor frequencies when added to unfractionated peritoneal cell cultures, or B-cell cultures to which cells from a T-cell line had been added. From these results, it is concluded that the differentiation of precommitted peritoneal B cells in vitro into autoantibody secretors is at least partially dependent on T cells or lymphokines derived from them. Therefore, any proposed mechanisms for regulation of this autoimmune response should encompass the requirement for T cells or their products in the final differentiation stages to autoantibody secretion. PMID- 3496271 TI - Heterogeneity in the activation requirements of T cells stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. AB - Data are presented showing that resting T cells proliferated in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) provided that either sheep erythrocytes (SRC) or interleukin-2(IL-2) was added. Proliferation requiring PHA and SRC was inhibited by anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody (OKT11) and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3). These monoclonal antibodies only partially inhibited IL-2 production stimulated by PHA and SRC, and added IL-2 did not restore proliferation in these cultures. Low concentrations of cyclosporine inhibited both proliferation and IL-2 production (ED50 = 12 and 9 ng/ml, respectively) and this inhibition was partially relieved in the presence of added IL-2 (ED50 = 110 ng/ml). In contrast, proliferation stimulated by PHA with exogenous IL-2 was not inhibited in the presence of OKT11, and moderate concentrations of cyclosporine were required to inhibit proliferation (ED50 = 49 ng/ml). Evidence was obtained, from analysis of cultures at limiting dilution, to suggest that the different requirements for stimulation of PHA-responsive T cells reflected different T-cell subpopulations. The majority of PHA-responsive cells proliferated in the presence of PHA and SRC, whereas only a minority proliferated in the presence of PHA and exogenous IL-2. PMID- 3496272 TI - Experimental studies of immunologically mediated enteropathy. III. Severe and progressive enteropathy during a graft-versus-host reaction in athymic mice. AB - The graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) in unirradiated (CBA X BALB/c)F1 mice normally produces a proliferative enteropathy consisting of crypt hyperplasia and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), but villus atrophy does not occur. Host T lymphocytes can protect animals from the consequences of a GvHR and, in this study, it is shown that athymic (CBA X BALB/c)F1 mice suffer a more severe systemic GvHR than intact hosts, with the unusual feature of specific anti host cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. In addition, nude mice not only had more intense crypt hyperplasia in the small intestine, but also had significant villus atrophy. It is concluded that host T cells normally prevent the progression of GvHR in unirradiated animals, and suggested that villus atrophy reflects a more severe form of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, the effects of which are normally limited to crypt hyperplasia. PMID- 3496273 TI - Expression of HLA class II antigens and secretion of interleukin-1 by monocytes and macrophages from adults and neonates. AB - HLA class II antigen expression and IL-1 production by mononuclear phagocytes are important for antigen-stimulated T-cell activation. We examined these surface antigens and a monocyte marker antigen on fresh cord and adult blood monocytes, macrophages (M phi) derived from monocytes in vitro, human placental (fetal) M phi, from adult women. By FACS analysis, we found less DR on cord blood monocytes (80 +/- 7) than on adult monocytes (96 +/- 1) with greater heterogeneity in density of DR due to a weakly staining subpopulation of cord monocytes. There were markedly fewer DR and DQ positive placental M phi, 62 +/- 11% and 19 +/- 3%, compared to adult peritoneal M phi, 91 +/- 11% and 87 +/- 13%. DQ was more intense on peritoneal M phi than on any other cell type. Fresh cord monocytes secreted equal or greater amounts of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Group B streptococci than adult monocytes, although results with individual preparations varied. By Northern blot analysis, LPS stimulated cord blood and adult monocytes contained similar amounts of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and DR alpha mRNA. Each placental M phi preparation secreted IL 1 (200 +/- 85 U/ml to LPS). Peritoneal M phi preparations from women in the pre luteal phase did not release detectable IL-1, whereas those from women in the post-luteal phase released as much as monocytes. Cultured monocytes failed to secrete IL-1 and expressed less DQ than fresh monocytes. Exposure to IFN gamma augmented IL-1 release by adult and cord cells and DQ expression on cord cells. These data indicate that class II antigen expression and IL-1 secretion by mononuclear phagocytes are only in part co-ordinately modulated. The differences between placental (fetal) M phi and adult peritoneal M phi may reflect both tissue-specific differences and generally diminished class II antigen expression on fetal and neonatal mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 3496274 TI - Signals provided in vivo by human rIL-2 and Con A can switch hapten-specific tolerance from unresponsiveness to responsiveness in the South African clawed toad. AB - Injection in vivo of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) will conjugate trinitrophenyl (TNP) to the cells and proteins of rodents, and induce hapten specific tolerance to this epitope. However, the induction of hapten-specific tolerance by this method in the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, is restricted to its subsequent presentation on Ficoll or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This restricted tolerance depends on the stimulation of an N-methyl-N nitrosourea (NMU)-insensitive, cyclophosphamide (CyP)-sensitive hapten-specific (suppressor) population that is functionally demonstrable in vitro. Unresponsiveness to TNP-Ficoll can be switched to responsiveness by injection in vivo of recombinant DNA-produced human IL-2 (rIL-2) or the plant-derived lectin, concanavalin A (Con A). Responsiveness to TNP-Ficoll requires thymic presence, although thymic extracts from rIL-2- or Con A-injected toads will suffice. Unresponsiveness to TNP-PVP can also be broken by these reagents, but thymic presence is not required with this immunogen. TNP-Ficoll responses are thymus requiring, while those to TNP-PVP are not, in the toad. Since TNBS failed to stimulate hapten-specific tolerance to a secondary challenge to TNP-Ficoll, we suggest that the suppressor function involved in the establishment of the unresponsive state may act on the differentiation, rather than on the function, of the relevant B cells. PMID- 3496275 TI - Transcripts of Tla genes. PMID- 3496276 TI - Systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide, a 37-amino-acid neuropeptide, has been shown to be widely distributed in periadventitial nerves throughout the cardiovascular system, particularly in association with coronary arteries. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that calcitonin gene-related peptide possesses potent vasodilator properties. Circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide is derived primarily from periadventitial nerves, though its systemic and regional hemodynamic effects are unknown. In this study, systemic and regional hemodynamics were determined by the radioactive microsphere technique prior to and following the intravenous administration of 65-pmol and 2.2-nmol doses of calcitonin gene-related peptide and vehicle to three groups of conscious, unrestrained rats. Vehicle administration did not change any systemic or regional organ hemodynamic parameter determined. In contrast, 65 pmol and 2.2 nmol of calcitonin gene-related peptide significantly decreased mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance and increased heart rate in a dose-dependent manner, while only slightly increasing cardiac output. Both 65-pmol and 2.2-nmol doses of calcitonin gene-related peptide significantly increased blood flow (percentage of cardiac output) to the heart. There was no difference in blood flow to the heart between the two doses. In addition, the 2.2-nmol dose of calcitonin gene-related peptide significantly increased blood flow to the stomach, liver, and skin and decreased it to the brain, kidneys, and spleen. In conclusion, calcitonin gene related peptide infusion decreases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner primarily by peripheral vasodilation. In addition, calcitonin gene-related peptide selectively changes regional organ blood flow, particularly to cause coronary vasodilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496277 TI - Effects of immunosuppression on avian coccidiosis: cyclosporin A but not hormonal bursectomy abrogates host protective immunity. AB - The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment and hormonal bursectomy on Eimeria tenella infection of chickens were investigated to evaluate the role of humoral antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in the host protective immunity to an intestinal protozoan disease, coccidiosis. Hormonal bursectomy had no significant effect on the host response to E. tenella. CsA treatment had a differential effect on the course of disease depending on how CsA was given relative to infection. Daily administration of CsA for 7 days beginning 1 day before primary infection with E. tenella enhanced disease resistance, whereas a single dose of CsA given before primary infection enhanced disease susceptibility compared with that of untreated controls. Chickens treated with CsA during the primary infection were resistant to reinfection at 5 weeks post-primary infection. Treatment of chickens immune to E. tenella with CsA at the time of secondary infection abrogated their resistance to reinfection despite the presence of high levels of coccidia-specific secretory immunoglobulin A and serum immunoglobulin G. Splenic lymphocytes obtained after CsA treatment demonstrated a substantially depressed concanavalin A response, but not a depressed lipopolysaccharide response. Because CsA was not directly toxic to parasites in vivo when administered during the secondary infection, these results suggest that CsA interacts with the immune system to allow priming during the primary infection, while interfering with the effector function of CMI during the secondary infection. Taken together, present findings indicate that CMI plays a major role in host protective immunity to E. tenella. PMID- 3496278 TI - Incidence of erysipelas following venectomy for coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The incidence of erysipelas in extremities used for saphenous vein donation was evaluated by interviewing 302 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Erysipelas occurred in 6.2% of patients, and was twice as common as in patients with a history of varicose vein stripping. The difference, however, was not statistically significant. PMID- 3496279 TI - Antimicrobial effects of niridazole on Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Niridazole, a nitrothiazole derivative, demonstrated powerful antimicrobial activity against 510 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis tested. MIC's ranged from 0.002 to 1.0 mg/l with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.02 and 0.067 mg/l respectively. PMID- 3496280 TI - Worldwide epidemiology and modes of transmission of delta hepatitis. PMID- 3496281 TI - Immunological effects of ciclosporin in primary biliary cirrhosis: suppression of activated T cells and autoantibody levels. AB - The effects of ciclosporin (CS) on liver immunohistology and peripheral blood T lymphocyte distribution were studied in 5 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) receiving CS treatment for 6 months. Several significant immunological changes were seen during the course of treatment: the numbers of infiltrating T cells (Leu4+) and HLA-DR+ cells (mainly macrophage/dendritic-like) within the lobule parenchyma decreased; the total circulating T cell numbers increased and the percentage of activated, HLA-DR-expressing Leu2a+ ('suppressor/cytotoxic') T cells and Leu3a+ ('helper/inducer') T cells decreased. Moreover, using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), a selective decrease of IgM-type (but not IgG-type) AMA levels was observed in 4 patients. A reversal towards pretreatment values was observed for all these immunological parameters 3-6 months after withdrawal of therapy. We conclude that CS may inhibit both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated autoimmune mechanisms operating in PBC. PMID- 3496282 TI - A factor potentiating antibody formation spontaneously produced by splenic T cells of MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. AB - Splenocytes of MRL/l mice, one of the murine lupus strains, were found to produce a factor(s) which potentiates antibody formation. This factor was produced by splenocytes of young MRL/l mice and cell-sorting experiments by flow cytometry indicated that Thy 1.2+ cells were producing the factor. The approximate molecular weight of the factor was found to be 35,000-45,000 daltons and its pI value was between 3.3 and 3.8. It was also demonstrated that this factor is distinct from interferons, interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3) and B cell differentiation factors. PMID- 3496283 TI - Human tumor cell lines with pleiotropic drug resistance are efficiently killed by interleukin-2 activated killer cells and by activated monocytes. AB - Two human cell lines, the colon carcinoma Lovo and the transformed intestinal I 407, and their variants (Lovo/Dx and I-407/Dx), with pleiotropic resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, were examined for their susceptibility to human Interleukin-2-activated killer cells and to activated monocytes. These non specific or broadly specific effector cells expressed cytotoxicity levels on pleiotropically resistant tumor cells comparable to those of the parental cell populations. This finding provides a rationale for immunological approaches designed to eradicate residual tumor cells surviving and resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 3496284 TI - Ofloxacin vs. cotrimoxazole in patients with complicated urinary tract infections. AB - A simple open randomized study was performed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of ofloxacin and cotrimoxazole in 40 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. In these patients ofloxacin produced better clinical results than cotrimoxazole. The results were also excellent when cotrimoxazole-resistant strains were involved, even in immunocompromised hosts. PMID- 3496285 TI - Strains toward convergence in the consumption of alcoholic beverages: the Canadian case and implications for public health. AB - Sulkunen's observations that international trends in the consumption of alcoholic beverages involve quantitative as well as qualitative homogenization of drinking practices are tested against the experience of Canada and its provinces from the mid 1960s to late 1970s. Per capita consumption of spirits, beer, and wine, and the contribution of each of these types of alcoholic beverages to total consumption are examined for each province for the fiscal years 1966, 1972, and 1978. On the whole, the findings are consistent with worldwide trends. Per capita consumption is increasing generally and there is a trend toward greater similarity in per capita consumption across the provinces (quantitative homogenization). Consumption of different types of beverages is becoming more similar (qualitative homogenization) and increases in the beverage with the lowest share of the market (i.e., wine) appear to be additive to overall consumption. The observation that increases in consumption of the traditional types of beverages have the most impact on overall consumption is not observed for beer, but is observed in the case of spirits. Implications for public health and social policy are discussed. PMID- 3496286 TI - Pityriasis rosea. An immunologic study. AB - Some immunologic studies were carried out for 31 patients with pityriasis rosea. Normal levels of serum IgG and IgA but higher levels of IgM were obtained. Serum C3 values were decreased while C4 values were normal. B lymphocytes showed no difference from the controls, whereas T-cell counts were significantly lower in the patients. The migration inhibition indices were higher in the patients than the controls. Direct immunofluorescence tests were negative in the studied three cases. The possible implication of a viral infection in the production of the reported changes was discussed. PMID- 3496287 TI - Effect of ploidy on the response of V79 cells to ionizing radiation. AB - The responses of diploid, tetraploid and near-hexaploid V79 cells to X irradiation or DNA-associated 125I-decay were compared. When cell killing, following X-irradiation, was plotted against the induced level of DNA double strand breakage (dsb) per unit length of DNA, there was no significant difference between the relationships for each cell line. This suggested that the number of X ray-induced DNA dsb per cell required to produce a lethal lesion was proportional to ploidy. Consistent with the X-ray results, tetraploid cells required 121 +/- 4 and diploid cells 60 +/- 1 125I-decays to produce a lethal lesion. However, the hexaploid cells deviated from this relationship and required 137 +/- 5 decays. The relationship between relative elution and 125I decays/cell reflected cellular DNA content. It is concluded that current models of radiation action are unable to explain these findings satisfactorily. PMID- 3496288 TI - Heavy ion effects on cellular DNA: strand break induction and repair in cultured diploid lens epithelial cells. AB - The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the induction of DNA strand breaks and the efficiency of repair of these breaks in cultured diploid bovine lens epithelial cells was measured, using accelerated heavy ions in the linear energy transfer (LET)-range up to 16,200 keV/micron. At LET values above 800 keV/micron, the number of DNA strand breaks induced per particle increases both with the atomic number of the projectile and with its kinetic energy. About 90 per cent or more of the strand breaks induced by ions with an LET of less than 10,000 keV/micron are repaired within 24 h. Repair kinetics show a dependence on the particle fluence (irradiation dose). At higher particle fluences a higher proportion of non-rejoined breaks is found, even after prolonged periods of incubation. At any LET value, repair is much slower after heavy-ion exposure than after X-irradiation. This is especially true for low energetic particles with a very high local density of energy deposition within the particle track. At the highest LET value (16,200 keV/micron), no significant repair is observed. PMID- 3496289 TI - Radioprotection of pyrimidines by oxygen and sensitization by phosphate: a feature of their electron adducts. AB - The reactions of the electron adducts of thymine, uracil and 1,3-dimethylthymine in the presence of phosphate buffer and low oxygen concentrations have been investigated. Oxygen reacts with the pyrimidine electron adducts and their O(4) protonated forms to restore the pyrimidine and produce O2-./HO2.. Thus oxygen acts as a radiation protector. In the presence of high buffer concentrations the electron adducts are irreversibly protonated at C(6). On reaction of this radical with oxygen no restitution of the original pyrimidine occurs and the pyrimidine is destroyed. Thus phosphate buffer acts as a radiation sensitizer. Some speculations are made as to the possible relevance of these reactions to biological systems. PMID- 3496290 TI - Radicals of nitroimidazole derivatives: pH dependence of rates of formation and decay related to acid-base equilibria. AB - Three analogous 5-nitroimidazoles, having radiosensitizing and cytotoxic properties, have been studied by pulse-radiolysis in N2O-saturated aqueous formate solutions. Rates of formation of the radicals ImNO2-. are found to have little pH dependence. Decay of the radicals always follows second-order kinetics. The observed rates of decay decrease by three to four orders of magnitude over the pH range 0-12. A pK at 2.3 has been observed kinetically for metronidazole. The pK assigned to the radical couple (ImH)NO2H./(ImH)-NO2-., or alternatively (ImH2+)-NO2-./(ImH)-NO2-., varies from 4.7 to 6.1, depending on the substituents on the imidazole ring. Intrinsic second-order rate constants for decay of the acidic form of the radical, of the anionic form and of the mixed reactions were determined. While the anionic radical reacts slowly with itself, both the acidic radical self-reaction and the mixed reaction proceed at fast rates. The implications of these chemical properties to the mechanisms of radiosensitization and cytotoxicity of the nitroaryl compounds are briefly discussed. PMID- 3496291 TI - Biological bases for radiation protection standards and implications for policy. PMID- 3496292 TI - Abstracts of the 20th annual meeting of the European Society for Radiation Biology. Pisa, 15-19 September 1986. PMID- 3496293 TI - Dose rate effects: implications for relative biological effectiveness and radiological protection. PMID- 3496294 TI - Interaction between radiation and cadmium or mercury in mouse embryos during organogenesis. AB - The response of mouse embryos to different concentrations of cadmium or mercury with or without low LET radiation was measured in terms of gross morphological anomalies and cellular changes. Single doses of the heavy metals (2 mg/kg body weight) were injected i.p. on day 8 of gestation 30 min before whole-body irradiation. Combined exposures to CdCl2 and X-rays led to a significant reduction in the rate of exencephaly compared with the high frequency after cadmium alone. The hypothesis that metallothionein, a sulphur-rich and metal binding protein, may be responsible for the antagonism observed could not be confirmed. Mercuric chloride alone induced a low rate of exencephaly and the data on combined treatment suggest additivity with 0.5 and 1.0 Gy X-rays. Regarding cellular criteria, cell death in the eye anlage on day 9 of gestation was significantly suppressed after 0.5 Gy and especially after CdCl2 plus 0.5 Gy compared to cadmium alone. It is assumed that the reduction of cell lethality is correlated with the low occurrence of exencephaly. Concerning the proliferation of neuroblasts, cadmium stimulated the mitotic activity whereas X-rays depressed the proliferation capacity. After the combined treatment a distinct antimitotic effect was established. PMID- 3496295 TI - Postnatal development and neoplastic disease pattern in NMRI mice after combined treatment with ethylnitrosourea and X-irradiation on different days of the fetal period. AB - Mice were X-irradiated on day 14, 15 or 16 of gestation with 1.0 Gy. This did not result in an increased tumour frequency in the offspring until 12 months. Mice treated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) (45 mg/kg) on these gestation days developed a significantly increased tumour frequency in the lungs and liver, and in the ovaries after treatment on day 15 of gestation. Additionally this experiment was the first to show that ENU treatment on gestation day 14, 15 or 16 results in haemangiosarcomas of the subcutis at a low incidence (2.0, 2.4, 2.6 per cent). After combined treatment with these two agents in the sequence X+ENU and an interval of 4 h, a significantly increased incidence rate of animals with tumours was observed in the offspring treated on gestation day 14 or 16. Moreover, the treatment on gestation day 16 exhibited the highest tumour frequency per examined animal (5.7) of all treatment groups. This result is due to a relatively uniform increase of all tumor types. Within this pattern, the frequency of liver tumours was most marked. The diagnosed liver tumours were significantly augmented after X+ENU treatment on day 16. In the reverse sequence (ENU+X), the total tumour outcome was not significantly altered compared with the effects of ENU alone. However, detailed analysis also showed a significant augmentation of the liver tumour frequency with treatment on day 15. PMID- 3496296 TI - Antiteratogenic and anticarcinogenic effects of X-rays in urethane-treated NMRI mice. AB - A single intraperitoneal injection of urethane (ethyl carbamate) induces lung tumours in 80 per cent of male and 100 per cent of female NMRI mice, respectively. In the course of time the initially benign adenomatous tumours can develop into malignant adenomatosis of the lung (alveolar cell carcinoma). For an analysis of the mechanisms of tumour development and the possible interactions involved, low doses of X-rays (5-100 cGy) were administered 6 hours after urethane treatment. A significant anticarcinogenic and, also, anti-teratogenic action was observed. This implies that in both cases similar mechanisms are involved. Single injections of vitamin C or chloroquine counteract the urethane effects in the same manner as do the low doses of X-rays, but probably by different mechanisms. PMID- 3496297 TI - Effect of X-rays alone or combined with diethylnitrosamine on cancer induction in mouse liver. AB - The possible combined effects of the initiator diethylnitrosamine (DEN) with X rays on cancer induction in infant C57BL/Cnb mice were evaluated. Preliminary data show that a dose of X-rays administered 7 days before a single injection of DEN was more effective in inducing liver nodules than when administered 7 days after DEN administration. PMID- 3496298 TI - Modification of expression of the malignant phenotype in radiation-initiated cells. AB - Carcinogenesis is a multistage process consisting minimally of initiation and promotion/progression stages. Radiation and many environmental xenobiotics are potent initiating agents. We have shown that initiation of carcinogenesis in vivo by these agents is a common cellular event. In the irradiated thyroid (5 Gy) at least one in 20 cells is initiated. Initiation by both radiation and chemicals has also been shown to be a common cellular event in the mammary gland. Initiation therefore is most likely not the sole rate-limiting event in the carcinogenic process. The propensity of the initiated cell to express the malignant phenotype is modulated by many factors, including environmental chemicals and physiological and genetic factors. Scopal and abscopal physiological factors can either enhance or suppress the progression of initiated cells to a frank tumour. For example, prolactin enhances the rate of progression of radiation and chemically initiated mammary tumours while glucocorticoids suppress this progression. TSH enhances the progression of radiation-initiated thyroid tumours while a scopal factor associated with unirradiated thyroid cells suppresses progression of this tumour type. PMID- 3496299 TI - Mammary carcinogenesis in different rat strains after irradiation and hormone administration. AB - Radiation carcinogenesis of the rat mammary gland was investigated with the objective of investigating the combined effect of oestrogen administration and irradiation. Three rat strains, Sprague-Dawley, Wistar WAG/Rij and Brown Norway, with different susceptibilities to the induction of mammary cancer, have been irradiated with X-rays and mono-energetic neutrons. Increased hormone levels were obtained by subcutaneous implantation of pellets with oestradiol-17 beta (E2). The tumour incidence results were corrected for competing risks and were analysed with a continuous failure time distribution. The latency period for the hormone treated animals is considerably shorter than for animals with normal endocrinological levels. Administration of the hormone results in an appreciable increase in the proportion of rats with malignant tumours. At the level of hormone administration applied in this study, radiation and hormones appear to produce an additive effect. The effect of hormone administration and irradiation for mammary tumourigenesis is equal for hormone administration one week prior to, or 12 weeks after irradiation. The RBE values for induction of mammary carcinomas after irradiation with 0.5 MeV neutrons have a maximum value of 20 and are not strongly dependent on the hormone levels. PMID- 3496300 TI - Preliminary studies of the interaction between 239PuO2 and cigarette smoke in the mouse lung. AB - Our current experiments were designed to show whether 12 months' exposure to cigarette smoke enhances the incidence of lung tumours in mice that had previously inhaled 239PuO2. These periods of smoke exposure are almost complete. After death their lungs will be cleared and any nodules found will be sectioned for histopathology. This paper reports the results of two preliminary experiments conducted earlier. The first study showed that mice could tolerate the proposed smoking regime for 3 months, with no sign of ill health in any animal throughout. The major difference found was a reduced growth rate in both smoke- and sham exposed mice relative to that of cage controls. After 3 months of treatment, histopathology and morphometry of lung sections found only slight smoke-induced changes. These included a reduced proportion of alveolar space and an increased number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) per unit area. Bronchopulmonary lavage showed that the PAM from smoke-exposed mice were larger than those from sham-exposed or control mice and that an increased proportion of cells were binucleate. All mice in the second study were initially exposed to 239PuO2, then subsequently divided into three treatment groups as above. Cigarette smoke exposure was shown to inhibit the removal of 239Pu from the lung whilst sham exposure had no effect. Smoke exposure also produced an increase and sham exposure a decrease in lung weights relative to those of cage controls. The latter was probably as a result of their lower growth rate. In our current experiments it is likely that the group receiving 239PuO2, then smoke, will receive a higher radiation dose to lung than those receiving 239PuO2 only. Any increased tumour incidence found will be considered in conjunction with this evidence. PMID- 3496301 TI - The European Late Effects Project (EULEP) symposium on effects after combined exposure to ionizing radiation and chemical substances. Pisa, Italy, 19 September 1986. Proceedings. PMID- 3496302 TI - Acute lesions induced by alpha-irradiation of intestine after plutonium gavage of neonatal rats. AB - After gavage of two-day-old rats with 238Pu(IV)-citrate at 17.4 MBq/kg (122 kBq per animal), 45 per cent of the animals died during the second week following ingestion. Histological analysis showed that death was due to acute intestinal lesions caused by alpha-radiation that resulted in denudation of the ileum. Under these experimental conditions, the total alpha-dose delivered to the ileal wall and its contents was estimated at 150 Gy. No acute lesions were observed after gavage of two-day-old rats with Pu-citrate at 5.3 MBq/kg. PMID- 3496303 TI - Induction and repair of DNA lesions in cultured human melanoma cells exposed to a nitrogen-ion beam. AB - Induction and repair kinetics of DNA lesions after exposure to nitrogen ions (N ions) were studied in comparison to those after 180 kVp X-rays. DNA lesions in human melanoma cells (HMV-I) irradiated with 95 MeV N-ions (0-6 Gy, l.e.t.D = 530 keV micron-1 or with X-rays (0.9 Gy) were assayed by alkaline elution. The N-ion r.b.e. for DNA lesion induction was approximately 0.7. About 85 per cent of the lesions induced by N ions were rejoined with a time-course similar to the rejoining of DNA lesions produced by X-rays. These lesions were considered to be induced by delta-rays around the N-ion tracks. The fraction of residual DNA lesions remaining after a 6 h post-irradiation incubation was higher for N-ions than for X-rays. Unlike the case for X-rays, DNA-protein crosslinks were included in the residual DNA lesions after N-ion irradiation. PMID- 3496304 TI - Determination of G-values for single and double strand break induction in plasmid DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis and a curve-fitting procedure. AB - Covalently closed circular double-stranded DNA (CC) of native plasmids was used to determine the yield of single strand breaks (ssb) and double strand breaks (dsb) as a consequence of X-irradiation. One ssb transforms DNA of the CC form to the nicked circular form (NC), whereas one dsb produced either directly or from random coincidence of single strand breaks transforms DNA of the CC as well as of the NC form to linear DNA molecules (LI form). Plasmids with more than one dsb are cleaved to linear fragments. DNA (30-800 micrograms/ml) was irradiated in air saturated sodium phosphate buffer. The different forms of DNA were separated by gel electrophoresis and their amounts measured fluorometrically using ethidium bromide. Large linear DNA fragments with the same electrophoretic mobility as the LI form were considered by using a curve-fitting procedure. From the quantitative changes of each conformation D37 values of ssb and dsb were calculated as a function of the DNA concentration. Finally G-values were calculated by competition plots. The following yields were determined: Gssb 3.4 X 10E-8 molJ-1, and Gdsb 3.3 X 10E-10 molJ-1. Gdsb refers only to those dsb produced directly. Yields are related to strand breaks without further treatment by heat or alkali. PMID- 3496305 TI - Formation of three-electron bonds in one-electron oxidized methionine dipeptides: a pulse radiolytic study. AB - One electron oxidation of methionine dipeptides (Met-X and X-Met, where X = Gly or Ser) was carried out using the pulse radiolysis technique. It was apparent that the mode of oxidative action of OH radicals on methionine dipeptides was governed by the sequence of amino acids. Spectral evidence suggests that an intramolecular three-electron bond between nitrogen and sulphur atoms is not formed if these two atoms are separated by a peptide bond. PMID- 3496306 TI - Studies of structural modifications induced by gamma-irradiation in distearoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. AB - An investigation of the structural and thermodynamical modifications induced by gamma-irradiation in model membranes is reported. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction were used to study the different phases and associated transitions of distearoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar liposomes after 60Co gamma-irradiation. Changes were observed in the shape of the calorimetric peaks and in the corresponding phase transition temperatures. In particular a shoulder was observed at about 20 kGy. The three phases characteristic of lecithins with identical acyl chains were detected also for the highest radiation dose. The formation of lysolecithin and stearic acid upon phospholipid degradation was observed. The lysolecithin concentration increases as a function of irradiation dose, until a saturation value is reached at 40 kGy. These results correlate quite well with those obtained for interlayer and interchain distances and for the width of the main phase transition calorimetric peak. At the highest dose (approximately equal to 80 kGy) cross-linked adjacent radicals and other molecular species are also formed. Appreciable differences, and some similarities, in the behaviour of DSPC and DPPC liposomes under gamma irradiation were observed. PMID- 3496307 TI - Split-dose and low dose-rate recovery in four experimental tumour systems. AB - The radiation dose-rate effect has been investigated in three murine tumour cell systems (MT carcinoma, Lewis lung tumour, B16 melanoma) and in the HX34 human melanoma xenograft taken directly from mice and irradiated in vitro. The four tumour types were remarkably similar in their radiation response characteristics, especially at low dose rate; the Lewis lung tumour tended to be the most radiosensitive at high dose rate. The data have been analysed using the Lethal Potentially Lethal (LPL) model of Curtis and the Incomplete Repair (IR) model of Thames. The data are equally well fitted by both models. The most remarkable feature of these analyses is that both models lead to estimates for the half-time for recovery that are in the region of 0.1 h, considerably shorter than other published values. Split-dose experiments were also performed, taking care to keep the cells at 37 degrees C between exposures. In all cases the split-dose half times were longer than the values derived from dose-rate analysis and in the case of the Lewis lung and HX34 tumour lines the difference was by almost a factor of ten. The discrepancy between these estimates could be the result of biphasic cellular recovery. PMID- 3496308 TI - Radiosensitization by the 2,4-dinitro-5-aziridinyl benzamide CB 1954: a structure/activity study. AB - CB 1954 (2,4-dinitro-5-aziridinyl benzamide) is a radiosensitizer which is up to 10 times more efficient in vitro than would be predicted on the basis of its electron affinity. In order to determine the contribution of the various functional groups comprising the molecule to overall sensitizing efficiency, nine structural analogues have been studied. The redox potential, E7(1), and sensitizing efficiency, C1.6, were obtained for each compound. The value of C1.6 depends on both redox potential and the magnitude of an additional component defined by C1.6/C1.6, where C1.6 is derived from a structure/activity relationship (Adams et al. 1979 b, Wardman 1982) described by the equation: log (C1.6/mol dm-3) = (6.96 +/- 0.22) + (9.54 +/- 0.56)E7(1)V. The magnitude of C1.6/C1.6 for CB 1954 and its analogues depends on alkyl substitution of the amide, the presence/absence and position of the nitro groups and is independent of the presence of the aziridine group. Holding cells in the presence of the drug post-irradiation marginally enhanced sensitization by CB 1954, CB 10-107 and by CB 10-092 but the largest effect was seen with the mononitro compound CB 7060 which also has a value of 26 for C1.6/C1.6. This compound was also interesting in that when combined with 2-phenyl-4(5)amino-5(4)-imidazole carboxamide (phenyl AIC) an enhancement of sensitization was obtained. In contrast, phenyl AIC protected against radiosensitization by CB 1954. Taken together, the data suggest that multiple mechanisms of radiosensitization may contribute to the abnormal radiosensitizing efficiency of CB 1954 and its analogues. This has implications for the further design and development of novel radiosensitizing drugs. PMID- 3496309 TI - Some aspects of glutathione metabolism in ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts. AB - Levels of glutathione (GSH) and two enzymes involved in GSH metabolism, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase(s) (GST), were measured in four SV40-transformed human fibroblast cell lines. MRC5-V1 and GM0637, derived from normal individuals, had mean GSH levels of 4.2 and 6.5 nmoles/10(6) cells, respectively. TAT2SF and AT5BIVA, both from ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients, respectively had 6.5 and 4.2 nmol/10(6) cells, indicating that basal GSH levels were similar in A-T and normal cells. There was some variation in GST activity among the four cell lines but deficiency in this enzyme cannot be associated with radiosensitivity in A-T. When GR activity was measured, A-T cells had approximately 82 per cent of the mean normal activity. Though statistically significant, (P = 0.05), this small deficiency could be due to chance and is unlikely to be responsible for the radiosensitive phenotype of A-T. PMID- 3496310 TI - Further studies on toxic and radiosensitizing properties of ruthenium complexes of 4-nitroimidazoles. AB - Transition metal complexes containing nitroimidazole ligands have been shown previously to act as radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells in vitro. As part of our study on metal-radiosensitizer complexes, we were encouraged by a ruthenium (Ru) sensitizer, RuCl2(DMSO)2(4(5)-nitroimidazole)2, 1, which showed better radiosensitizing properties and lower toxicity than the free ligand. In this study, we have extended our investigation to include the various other substituted 4-nitroimidazoles as ligands. The new Ru complexes, analogues of 1, were synthesized, identified and characterized and their toxicity and radiosensitizing abilities examined in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Like 1, each of these ruthenium complexes has lower CHO hypoxic toxicity than the free ligands alone at equimolar concentration. These newer complexes gave sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER) values of 1.1 to 1.3 at 1.0 X 10(-4) mol dm-3 compared with 1.6 for 1. Unlike complex 1, the new complexes do not bind to plasmid DNA (assessed by inhibition of restriction endonuclease activity), possibly because the chloride (Cl-) ligand does not dissociate. In addition, the redox potential of the coordinated imidazole ligands is relatively unchanged compared to that of the free ligand. These factors may explain the more favourable properties of 1 compared with those of the new 4-nitroimidazole complexes of Ru. PMID- 3496311 TI - Enhancement of misonidazole chemopotentiation by mild hyperthermia (41 degrees C) in vitro and selective enhancement in vivo. AB - Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that mild heat treatment would selectively increase misonidazole (MISO) chemopotentiation of CCNU toxicity in hypoxic versus aerobic cells in vitro and in tumours in vivo via an augmentation of nitroreduction. EMT-6 cells were exposed to CCNU +/- 1.0 mM MISO under aerobic or hypoxic conditions for 4 h either at a constant 37 degrees C or at 41 degrees C for the first hour followed by 37 degrees C for the remaining 3 h. Chemopotentiation was not observed under aerobic conditions and heat treatment did not modify CCNU toxicity. Co-incubation with MISO and CCNU under hypoxic conditions resulted in enhanced toxicity (i.e. chemopotentiation) with either incubation protocol; however, the magnitude of the enhancement was significantly larger (P less than 0.025) when 41 degrees C incubation was included. Systemic heat treatment produced a similar enhancement of chemopotentiation in KHT tumours in C3H/HeN mice treated with MISO (0.5 mg g-1) and whole body hyperthermia (41 degrees C, 1 h) prior to administration of CCNU (15 mg kg-1). Heating had no effect on CCNU response but doubled the median growth delay produced by the CCNU MISO combination. Heat treatment did not enhance myelosuppression of the combination. Both the in vitro and in vivo data indicate that mild hyperthermia can selectively enhance the magnitude of MISO chemopotentiation. PMID- 3496312 TI - Late division kinetics in relation to modification of protein synthesis in mouse eggs blocked in the G2 phase after X-irradiation. AB - Mouse zygotes (BALB/c) blocked in the G2 phase of the first cell cycle after X irradiation were allowed to develop in culture medium. Delayed cleavage occurred at the same time in embryos exposed to 1 or 2 Gy and late division coincided with the second division in controls. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that blocked irradiated embryos underwent the same modifications in protein synthesis as control embryos of the same age, except during first mitosis, for three polypeptide sets of 30, 35 and 45 kilodaltons molecular weight. The most remarkable difference between them was the appearance in cleaving controls of three spots at 35 kilodaltons that were absent in blocked irradiated embryos. It is assumed that blocked embryos 'missed' some signal necessary for cell division, but remained ready to cleave when a second signal occurred. Eggs from the BALB/c strain were particularly susceptible to this effect of X-irradiation but it was also found in eggs from other strains, irradiated with much higher doses. PMID- 3496313 TI - Rapid assay for cell age response to radiation by electronic volume flow cell sorting. AB - A new technique is described for measuring cell survival as a function of cell cycle position using flow cytometric cell sorting on the basis of electronic volume signals. The sorting of cells into different cell age compartments is demonstrated for three different cell lines commonly used in radiobiological research. Using flow cytometric DNA content analysis and [3H]thymidine autoradiography of the sorted cell populations, we demonstrate that the resolution of the age compartment separation is as good as or better than that reported for other cell synchronizing techniques. The variation in cell survival as a function of position in the cell cycle after a single dose of radiation as measured by volume cell sorting is similar to that determined by other cell synchrony techniques. This new method has several advantages, including: no treatment of the cells is required, thus, this method is noncytotoxic; no cell cycle progression is needed to obtain different cell age compartments; the cell population can be held in complete growth medium at any desired temperature during sorting; and a complete radiation age-response assay can be plated in 2 h. The application of this method to problems in radiobiology and chemotherapy is discussed, along with some of the technical limitations. PMID- 3496314 TI - Autoradiographic localization of T4 antigen, the HIV receptor, in human brain. AB - Using a novel autoradiographic technique and a monoclonal antibody to T4, the entry protein for the AIDS virus HIV, we have determined the distribution of T4 in selected areas of the human brain. T4 was found throughout the human brain in a pattern similar to that seen in squirrel monkey and rat, thus demonstrating a conservation of both the antigen and the antigen distribution. T4 was especially abundant in emotion-mediating areas, such as the hippocampus, which are typically enriched with neuropeptide receptors. In addition, several regions of the cerebral cortex were found to have T4 antigen especially in superficial layers. These data suggest that the psychiatric and neuropathological symptoms presented by AIDS patients may be a result of the direct interaction of the AIDS virus with specific areas of the brain. PMID- 3496315 TI - Age and education effects in the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, residual type in an alcoholic population. AB - Two self-report measures that have been used to screen an alcoholic population for Attention Deficit Disorder, Residual Type (ADD-RT) are the Childhood Symptom Checklist and a listing of the DSM-III criteria. Both measures have evidence supporting their validity as screening instruments for ADD-RT in alcoholics. This study further explores the properties of these instruments by determining whether the age or educational level of alcoholic patients relates to their performance on these measures. No differences were found between the scores of younger and older patients. However, alcoholic patients with more education had fewer DSM-III symptoms of ADD-RT, but did not have fewer symptoms on the Childhood Symptom Checklist. The difference in performance on these two previously consistent measures is noted. Future research might explore the possibility that the DSM-III symptoms of ADD-RT are more sensitive to functional deficits in adults than the Childhood Symptoms Checklist, which asks for symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder as a child. PMID- 3496316 TI - Effects of DSIP, 5-HTP and serotonin on the lymphokine system: a preliminary study. AB - Short term effects of the sleep promoting substances DSIP, 5-HTP and 5-HT on the function of the lymphokine system were studied 10 and 30 min after treatment. DSIP treatment after 10 and 30 min caused a significant decrease in IL-3 and CSF levels, response to CSF-1 and CSF-GM, IL-2 level, number of IL-2 receptors and in cell proliferation. DSIP initially induced (after 10 min) a decrease to be followed (after 30 min) by an increase in IL-1 level. Ten minutes after 5-HTP treatment a decrease was found in all parameter tests, except in IL-3 and in CSF secretion. 5-HT treatment was able to induce an increase in IL-3 level, a decrease in response to IL-2 receptors and proliferation, 10 min after treatment. Thirty minutes after treatment, only IL-3 and IL-2 levels were reduced. These results showed that sleep promoting substances had an effect on the lymphokines system, that DSIP was the most potent agent, that immunological changes occur before physiological or behavioral signs. The relative weak potency 5-HTP and 5 HT, and the similar pattern of effects between them, may indicate that peripheral events may lead to sleep state. PMID- 3496317 TI - Chemotaxis of rat retinal glia to growth factors found in repairing wounds. AB - Retinal glia migrate to sites in the vitreous body and on the inner and outer surfaces of the retina during a wide variety of pathological processes. Using in vitro cultures of rat retinal glia, we have evaluated an extensive list of homogeneous, well-characterized growth factors as chemoattractants for these cells. Humoral growth factors, fibroblast growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and immune system cytokines all were without activity except for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Extracts of bovine ocular tissues including vitreous body and retina yielded significant activity. PMID- 3496318 TI - Positron emission tomography using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose in brain tumors. A powerful diagnostic and prognostic tool. PMID- 3496319 TI - Low-dose particulate polyvinylalcohol embolization in massive small artery intestinal hemorrhage. Experimental and clinical results. AB - The branches of the superior mesenteric artery were embolized with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) particles 149 to 250 mu (small), 420 to 590 mu (medium), and 590 to 1000 mu (large), respectively, in three groups of dogs. In the small PVA particle group, all three dogs died. In the medium and the large PVA particle groups, nine of the 11 dogs showed no significant ischemic change and the remaining two (one dog in the medium PVA group and one in the large PVA group) had a superficial ulcer. This study suggests that PVA embolization can be performed safely if particles of 420 mu or larger are used. In clinical studies, large PVA particles were used in embolization therapy for massive intestinal hemorrhage from small arteries in five patients. All had the hemorrhage from ulcer disease in the small bowel (four patients) and the ascending colon (one patient). Three patients were completely controlled with no recurrence of hemorrhage. The remaining two experienced rebleeding after embolization. No major complication was found in this series. It is concluded that low-dose large PVA particles are suitable as an embolic material for transcatheter occlusion of small-artery intestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3496320 TI - The effect of major surgery on T-lymphocyte function in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 3496321 TI - Corticosteroid regulation of IL-1 production may be responsible for deficient immune suppressor function during the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. AB - Thymus immune suppressor function is deficient during the metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Thymuses of antigen-activated metamorphic larvae were tested for restoration of suppressor function by co culture with matched fragments of spleens from immunized, antibody-producing young adults. The inhibition of unusually high endogenous corticosteroid levels in metamorphic larvae with metyrapone restores suppressor function. Dexamethasone counteracts this effect. Since corticosteroids can inhibit clonal expansion of thymus-derived (T) immunocytes by effecting lymphokines in mammals, we tested recombinant DNA-produced human interleukin-1 (rIL-1) and interleukin-2 (rIL-2), and the lectin concanavalin A in vivo. All restore thymus suppressor function in metamorphosing larvae. When metyrapone, dexamethasone and rIL-2 are injected together into antigen-activated larvae their thymuses will suppress splenic antibody production. Moreover, since rIL-1 and rIL-2 are able to restore thymic suppression in antigen-activated metamorphic larvae, endogenous corticosteroid does not effect their function. The basis for the lack of suppressor function during metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis may be endogenous corticosteroid regulation of IL-1 production to create IL-2 deficiency, thereby inhibiting T cell clonal expansion. PMID- 3496322 TI - Inhibitory effect of TI-31 on autoimmune nephritis in NZB/NZW F1 mice through regulation of the immune response. AB - TI-31 (TEI-3096; 6-p-chlorobenzyl-5H-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-5,7-dioxothiazolo[3,2 a]pyr imidine) is a novel immunomodulator. Various nephritic changes observed in female NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) mice with aging were suppressed by TI-31 when administered orally 5 times per week for 16 weeks at doses of 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg. It suppressed proteinuria, oliguria, the decrease of erythrocyte count, and increase of serum urea nitrogen, immune complex and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels. The anti-nephritic effect of TI-31 was confirmed by histopathological evaluation. TI-31 (10 mg/kg) could improve both the elevated polyclonal B cell activation and the depressed antibody response to sheep red blood cells in B/W mice, in comparison with age- and sex-matched BALB/c mice, without any effect on the antibody response in these normal mice. These findings indicate that TI-31 may inhibit B/W nephritis by regulating the antibody production through a mechanism different from that of anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressants. PMID- 3496323 TI - Effects of quinolones on interleukin 1 production in vitro by human monocytes. AB - The new quinoline derivative antibiotics (quinolones), pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin at concentrations higher than 50 micrograms/ml inhibit the PHA response of the human mononuclear leukocytes in vitro. Since monocytes have been shown to be accessory cells for the activation of lymphocytes by mitogens, we investigated the effects of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin on extracellular interleukin 1 (IL-1) and cell-associated IL-1 from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes. Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin decreased the extracellular IL-1 in a dose-dependent manner, while cell-associated IL-1 was not altered. These effects were observed even after a short period of incubation (1 or 2 h). No inhibitory activity against purified IL-1 or IL-2 could be demonstrated in the dialyzed supernatants from pefloxacin- or ciprofloxacin-treated monocytes. Neither pefloxacin nor ciprofloxacin modified the biological activity of preformed IL-1. The decrease of extracellular IL-1 induced by pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin could, in part, account for the observed decrease in the proliferative response of human mononuclear leukocytes to phytohemagglutinin, as extracellular IL-1 and proliferative response were positively correlated (at various concentrations of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin). The decrease in extracellular IL-1 was not associated with any alteration in the expression of the HLA-DR antigen on the monocytes membrane. These data suggested that pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin could antagonize IL-1 production and release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. These quinolones could be interesting tools to study the production, processing, transport and release from the monocytes of IL-1. PMID- 3496324 TI - No-carrier-added (NCA) (+/-)-N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-N-normetazocine-synthesis and PET studies in a baboon. AB - No-carrier-added (NCA) (+/-)-N-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-N-normetazocine (2) was synthesized by N-alkylation of (+/-)-N-normetazocine (1) with NCA 1-[18F]fluoro-3 iodopropane in an overall radiochemical yield of 10% (EOB) with a mass of 3.5 nmol in a synthesis time of 90 min from end of bombardment (EOB). PET studies of 2 in a baboon did not indicate specificity for opiate receptor sites alone: The activity declined rapidly in the striatum, the frontal cortex and the cerebellum. The baboon total arterial plasma radioactivity clearance was very rapid and the metabolism of compound 2 in plasma was also very rapid. These results suggest that compound 2 is not a suitable radioligand for imaging opiate receptors in the human brain by positron tomography. PMID- 3496325 TI - Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch children: I. Behavioral/emotional problems and competencies reported by parents for ages 4 to 16. PMID- 3496326 TI - Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch children: II. Behavioral/emotional problems reported by teachers for ages 6 to 11. PMID- 3496327 TI - A North Dakota prevalence study of schizophrenia presenting in childhood. PMID- 3496328 TI - Sex ratio of juvenile suicide. PMID- 3496329 TI - Translational fusion with a secretory enzyme as an indicator. AB - A novel type of translational fusion system has been developed by using a secretory protein, staphylococcal beta-lactamase, as an indicator. The beta lactamase structural gene was modified to provide N-terminal extensions of 13 and 162 amino acids, and in both cases, the fusion protein was processed and the mature active enzyme was secreted; thus, the expression of a particular upstream gene can be analyzed by monitoring the beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 3496330 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induced calcium release from corn coleoptile microsomes. AB - The effect of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) on Ca2+ release from microsomes of corn coleoptiles was investigated. Addition of micromolar concentrations of IP3 to Ca2+ loaded microsomes resulted in rapid release of 20-30% of sequestered Ca2+. Maximal and half maximal Ca2+ release occurred at 20 and 8 microM of IP3 respectively. Part of the Ca2+ released by IP3 was reaccumulated into microsomes within 4 min. The amount of Ca2+ released by IP3 was found to be dependent on free Ca2+ concentration in the incubation medium at the time of release. Maximum Ca2+ release was observed around 0.1 microM free Ca2+ concentration in the assay medium. These data suggest that IP3 might act as a second messenger in plants in a manner similar to animal systems by altering cytosolic levels of calcium. PMID- 3496331 TI - A calorimetric study on calcium binding by troponin C from bullfrog skeletal muscle. AB - Microcalorimetric titrations of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) skeletal troponin C with Ca2+ were carried out in the absence of Mg2+ at 25 degrees C and at pH 7.0. The observed enthalpy titration curve was divided into three stages. The first stage of the titration (up to 2 mol of Ca2+/mol of protein) was characterized as an extremely exothermic process (delta H = -52 kJ/mol of site), the second one (titration from 2 to 3 mol of Ca2+/mol of protein) as a weakly endothermic process (delta H = +26 kJ/mol of site), and the final one (over 3 mol of Ca2+/mol of protein) as a moderately exothermic process (delta H = -35 kJ/mol of site). The endothermic process of Ca2+ binding to the third site (the second stage) has the same property as that of the Ca2+ binding to every site of calmodulin but is distinctly different from those of the calmodulin-trifluoperazine complex and parvalbumins. This may suggest that an endothermic nature of Ca2+ binding, the reaction being driven solely by entropy change, is characteristic of the regulatory reactions of Ca2+ binding proteins accompanying the interaction with other proteins. The third Ca2+ binding site of bullfrog troponin C is, therefore, possibly involved in the regulation of muscle contraction. PMID- 3496332 TI - Identification of a glucocorticoid-induced nuclease in thymocytes. A potential "lysis gene" product. AB - Glucocorticoids initiate a cytolytic process in lymphoid cells that is characteristic of programmed cell death. In vivo treatment of adrenalectomized rats with glucocorticoids results in the rapid degradation of the thymocyte genome at internucleosomal sites. This DNA degradation occurs prior to cell death, and considerable evidence indicates that this nucleolytic event is central to the initiation of lymphocytolysis. To further characterize this process, we have searched for the gene products in thymocytes which may be responsible for steroid-induced DNA degradation. Adrenalectomized rats were treated in vivo with dexamethasone or a vehicle control; nuclear thymocyte proteins were extracted with 0.6 M NaCl and analyzed for protein content or nuclease activity on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gels containing calf thymus DNA. Glucocorticoid treatment resulted in the induction of two major protein families, a 30-32-kDa protein doublet and a series of 3-4 proteins of 12-19 kDa, both of which express prominent DNase activity. Induction of the lower molecular weight nucleases increased with time after steroid treatment and paralleled the time course of glucocorticoid-mediated DNA degradation. Nuclease induction was blocked by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486, indicating a steroid receptor-mediated process. When nuclei from glucocorticoid-resistant cells were incubated with nuclear extracts from glucocorticoid-treated rats, the DNA was cleaved at internucleosomal sites, whereas extracts from vehicle-treated animals were virtually inactive. Based on these findings we propose that glucocorticoids, acting via a receptor-mediated pathway, induce a nucleolytic "lysis gene" product(s) responsible for lymphocytolysis. PMID- 3496333 TI - Luteinizing hormone increases inositol trisphosphate and cytosolic free Ca2+ in isolated bovine luteal cells. AB - The present studies were conducted to determine whether luteinizing hormone (LH), a hormone which increases intracellular cAMP, also increases "second messengers" derived from inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in isolated bovine luteal cells. In luteal cells prelabeled with 32PO4, LH provoked increases in labeling of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and polyphosphatidylinositol (PIP). No reductions in 32P-prelabeled PIP and PIP2 were observed in LH-treated cells. In luteal cells prelabeled with myo-[2-3H]inositol, LH provoked rapid (10-30 s) and sustained (up to 60 min) increases in the levels of inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates (IP, IP2, and IP3, respectively. IP3 was formed more rapidly than IP2 or IP following LH treatment. In addition, LH increased (50%) levels of [3H]inositol phospholipids in 30-min incubations. LiCl (10 mM) enhanced inositol phosphate accumulation in response to LH. Maximal increases in IP3 occurred at 1 10 micrograms/ml of LH. Similar temporal and dose-response relationships were observed for LH-stimulated IP3 and cAMP accumulation. However, exogenous cAMP (8 bromo-cAMP, 5 mM) and forskolin (10 microM) had no effect on inositol phosphate synthesis. The initial (1 min) effects of LH on IP3 and cAMP were independent of extracellular calcium concentrations, whereas the sustained (5 min) effect of LH on IP3, but not cAMP, was dependent on a source of extracellular calcium. LH stimulated progesterone synthesis was also dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. LH induced rapid and concentration-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i as measured by Quin 2 fluorescence. The LH-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were maximal within 30 s (approximately 2-fold) and remained elevated for at least 10 min. In Ca2+-free media containing 2 mM [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid, LH was still able to increase [Ca2+]i, but the increase was slightly less in magnitude and of shorter duration (2-4 min). These findings demonstrate that LH can rapidly raise levels of IP3 and [Ca2+]i, as well as, cAMP in bovine luteal cells. These findings suggest that at least two second messenger systems exist to mediate the action of LH in the corpus luteum. PMID- 3496334 TI - Visualization of the homologous pairing of DNA catalyzed by the bacteriophage T4 UvsX protein. AB - The uvsX gene product is essential for DNA repair and general recombination in T4 bacteriophage. The ability of UvsX protein to catalyze the homologous pairing of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in vitro was examined by electron microscopic (EM), nitrocellulose filter binding, and gel electrophoretic methods. Optimal joining was observed at ratios of UvsX protein:ssDNA of 2 nucleotides/protein monomer. At this level, the ssDNA was fully covered by UvsX protein as seen by EM, while the dsDNA appeared protein free. Using this stoichiometry, the pairing of circular ssDNA with homologous supertwisted dsDNA was found to produce a high frequency of complexes in which a supertwisted dsDNA molecule was joined to a UvsX protein-ssDNA filament over a distance of less than 100 base pairs. These joints were labile to deproteinization and must have been paranemic. Pairing of linear ssDNA containing buried homology to the dsDNA produced identical structures. Pairing of fully homologous linear ssDNA and supertwisted dsDNA yielded D-loop joints (plectonemic) as seen by EM following deproteinization. Both the paranemic and the plectonemic joints were at sites of homology, as demonstrated by restriction cleavage of the complexes. Visualization of the joined complexes prior to deproteinization showed that 50% of the joints had the architecture of the paranemic joints, whereas in the remainder, a topologically relaxed dsDNA circle merged with the UvsX protein-ssDNA filament for a distance of 450 base pairs. The structure of the filament was not visibly altered in this region. These observations are similar, but not identical, to findings in parallel studies utilizing the RecA protein of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3496335 TI - Initiation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. Association of factor VIIa with a cell line expressing tissue factor. AB - We have examined initial assembly of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation on cell surfaces with radiolabeled human factor VIIa and a human fetal lung cell line possessing abundant functional tissue factor activity. Binding of factor VIIa to these cells was observed and was time- and temperature-dependent. Binding of factor VIIa was quantitatively equivalent at 37 and 6 degrees C, although the kinetics of binding differed. The radiolabeled ligand bound by the cell was indistinguishable by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis from the factor VIIa offered. Factor VIIa binding was influenced by calcium ions. The binding appears to involve at least two classes of calcium-dependent binding sites. Optimal binding occurred at 2 mM calcium for both classes of sites, and there was inhibition of binding to the high affinity sites at higher calcium. Association of factor VIIa was specific, saturable, had a Kd of 123 +/- 37 pm, and factor VIIa interacted with about 100,000 binding sites per cell. Once established, specific binding was rapidly reversible. Direct cellular binding of human factor X also was observed and was calcium, time- and temperature dependent. Factor X binding was specific and saturable with half-maximal binding at 87.6 +/- 27.4 nM to 6.03 +/- 1.03 X 10(6) sites per cell. Specific high affinity binding of factor VIIa correlated with generation of factor Xa. A direct linear relationship was observed at low factor VIIa binding; however, at higher bound factor VIIa, the relationship was nonstoichiometric, i.e. less factor Xa was formed per mole of factor VIIa. Expression of specific binding sites for factors VIIa and X provides further substantiation for the molecular assembly hypothesized to initiate the extrinsic coagulation protease cascade on cells. PMID- 3496336 TI - Pyridine nucleotide metabolites stimulate calcium release from sea urchin egg microsomes desensitized to inositol trisphosphate. AB - Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was previously shown to release Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial store in sea urchin eggs. In this study, egg homogenates and purified microsomes were monitored with either fura 2 or Ca2+-sensitive minielectrodes to determine whether other stimuli would induce Ca2+ release. Pyridine nucleotides (whose concentrations are known to change at fertilization) were found to release nearly as much Ca2+ as did IP3. Average releases/ml of homogenate were: 0.6 microM IP3, 10.9 nmol of Ca2+; 50 microM NADP, 7.3 nmol of Ca2+; and 100 microM NAD, 6.5 nmol of Ca2+ (n = 6). Specificity was demonstrated by screening a series of other phosphorylated metabolites, and none was found to reproducibly release Ca2+. Calcium release induced by IP3 or NADP was immediate, whereas a lag of 1-4 min occurred with NAD. This lag before NAD-induced Ca2+ release led to the discovery that a soluble egg factor (Mr greater than 100,000) converts NAD into a highly active metabolite that releases Ca2+ without a lag. The NAD metabolite (E-NAD) was purified to homogeneity by high pressure liquid chromatography and produced half-maximal Ca2+ release at about 40 nM. Injection of E-NAD into intact eggs produced both an increase in intracellular Ca2+ (as assayed with indo-1) and a cortical reaction. Following Ca2+ release by each of the active agents (IP3, NAD, and NADP), the homogenates resequestered the released Ca2+ but were desensitized to further addition of the same agent. A series of desensitization experiments showed that homogenates desensitized to any two of these agents still responded to the third, indicating the presence of three independent Ca2+ release mechanisms. This is further supported by experiments using Percoll density gradient centrifugation in which NADP-sensitive microsomes were partially separated from those sensitive to IP3 and NAD. PMID- 3496337 TI - Identification of the probable inhibitory reactive sites of the cysteine proteinase inhibitors human cystatin C and chicken cystatin. AB - When an excess of human cystatin C or chicken cystatin was mixed with papain, an enzyme-inhibitor complex was formed immediately. The residual free cystatin was then progressively converted to a form with different electrophoretic mobility and chromatographic properties. The modified cystatins were isolated and sequenced, showing that there had been cleavage of a single peptide bond in each molecule: Gly11-Gly12 in cystatin C, and Gly9-Ala10 in chicken cystatin. The residues Gly11 (cystatin C) and Gly9 (chicken cystatin) are among only three residues conserved in all known sequences of inhibitory cystatins. The modified cystatins were at least 1000-fold weaker inhibitors of papain than the native cystatins. An 18-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 4-21 of cystatin C did not inhibit papain but was cleaved at the same Gly-Gly bond as cystatin C. When iodoacetate or L-3-carboxy-trans-2,3-epoxypropionyl-leucylamido (4-guanidin o)butane was added to the mixtures of either cystatin with papain, modification of the excess cystatin was blocked. Papain-cystatin complexes were stable to prolonged incubation, even in the presence of excess papain. We conclude that the peptidyl bond of the conserved glycine residue in human cystatin C and chicken cystatin probably is part of a substrate-like inhibitory reactive site of these cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily and that this may be true also for other inhibitors of this superfamily. We also propose that human cystatin C and chicken cystatin, and probably other cystatins as well, inhibit cysteine proteinases by the simultaneous interactions with such proteinases of the inhibitory reactive sites and other, so far not identified, areas of the cystatins. The cleavage of the inhibitory reactive site glycyl bond in mixtures of papain with excess quantities of cystatins is apparently due to the activity of a small percentage of atypical cysteine proteinase molecules in the papain preparation that form only very loose complexes with cystatins under the conditions employed and degrade the free cystatin molecules. PMID- 3496338 TI - Rapid activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III in mitogen-stimulated human fibroblasts. Correlation with intracellular Ca2+ transients. AB - Growth-arrested human fibroblasts respond to mitogenic stimulation with a rapid, transient increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+. This event may be crucial to the activation of Na/H exchange and subsequent DNA synthesis. Previous studies have implicated calmodulin (CaM) as a possible mediator of the effects of Ca2+ on these processes. here, we demonstrate that a specific CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaM-PK) system is rapidly activated in quiescent fibroblasts stimulated by a variety of mitogens. Cytoplasmic extracts of two human fibroblast cell types contained a major Ca2+-stimulated phosphoprotein of Mr 100,000 and pI 6.8 (Mr 100,000). This protein was shown by peptide mapping and immunological criteria to be identical to the prominent CaM-PK III substrate previously identified in a number of mammalian cells and tissues (Palfrey, H. C. (1983) FEBS Lett. 157, 183 190; Nairn, A.C., Bhagat, B., and Palfrey, H.C. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7939-7943). Stimulation of 32P-labeled serum-deprived fibroblasts with serum, individual growth factors (bradykinin, vasopressin, and epidermal growth factor), or Ca2+ ionophores resulted in a rapid 2- to 10-fold increase in the phosphorylation of Mr 100,000 as determined by immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antibodies. With serum or individual growth factors, the effect peaked at 0.5-1 min then declined back to base line within 5 min. Time course studies showed that the phosphorylation state of Mr 100,000 closely paralleled but lagged slightly behind the Ca2+ transient (measured with fura-2). Thus, dephosphorylation of Mr 100,000 must follow shortly after Ca2+ levels begin to decline. The effects of serum, bradykinin, and vasopressin on both the rise in intracellular Ca2+ and the phosphorylation of Mr 100,000 were independent of external Ca2+, whereas the effects of epidermal growth factor and A23187 required external Ca2+. Phosphorylation of Mr 100,000 in intact cells took place on threonine residues, a major portion occurring in the same major phosphopeptide found in the protein labeled in vitro. These results show that mitogenic activation of human fibroblasts leads to the binding of Ca2+ to CaM and the subsequent activation of CaM-dependent processes. PMID- 3496339 TI - Sites of in vivo phosphorylation of the T cell tyrosine protein kinase in LSTRA cells and their alteration by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. AB - The LSTRA cell line contains an elevated level of a tyrosine protein kinase of apparent molecular weight of 56,000 (pp56Tcell). Analysis of the tryptic fragments of this protein labeled in vivo with 32P shows that it contains four sites of tyrosine phosphorylation and one site of serine phosphorylation. Two of the sites of in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation are also labeled in vitro when membranes are incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. One of the sites that is labeled in vivo and in vitro (site 1) is identical in sequence with the major site of tyrosine phosphorylation in the transforming protein of the Rous sarcoma virus. Analysis of the sites of in vivo phosphorylation in pp56Tcell from LSTRA cells treated with 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) reveals that this agent induces at least four new sites of serine phosphorylation. Treatment with PMA also causes a selective reduction in the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in site 1. Thus PMA causes new sites of serine phosphorylation in pp56Tcell and reduces the amount of phosphate in one of the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. PMID- 3496340 TI - Functional electrical stimulation for walking in paraplegia. AB - In paraplegic subjects who had functional transection of the spinal cord at a level between the fourth and the eleventh thoracic vertebra, independent reciprocal walking was achieved with the use of a portable microprocessor controlled stimulator that electrically activated the muscles through percutaneous intramuscular wire electrodes. The electrodes were implanted, by means of hypodermic needles, in the flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors of the hip; the extensors of the knee; and the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle. The subjects had strong, selective, and reproducible muscular contractions that increased in strength during the twenty-two to forty-four months (average, thirty-two months) of training with the regimen. A basic pattern of stimulation was adapted for each individual; each step was initiated by the subject using a hand-operated switch. The subjects progressed to the use of a walker for support, and two of them were able to walk using axillary crutches. Three subjects were able to climb stairs. PMID- 3496341 TI - Lessons learnt in the management of aortoenteric fistulae. AB - Secondary aortoenteric fistula may be treated directly by local repair or by excision of all prosthetic material with extra-anatomic revascularisation. We have reviewed our experience with 14 aorto-enteric fistulae encountered between 1960 and 1984. Two patients who were not treated surgically died. Direct repair was attempted in seven patients, two of whom had no prosthetic material present and survived. Five patients had prosthetic grafts which were not removed and four died from recurrent aortic haemorrhage. There were five other patients who had prosthetic grafts which were removed prior to extra-anatomic reconstruction. Three of these died in the peri-operative period, two from sepsis but only one from aortic stump bleeding. The operative mortality was 58%. The overall survival was only 36% (5 of 14 patients) but there was less chance of recurrent aortic haemorrhage when all prosthetic graft material was removed and direct repair avoided. PMID- 3496342 TI - Toxicity of ligand and antibody-directed ricin A-chain conjugates recognizing the epidermal growth factor receptor. AB - Approximately equal amounts of 125I-mAb 225 (a monoclonal antibody recognizing the human epidermal growth factor receptor) and 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) were bound by HeLa cells. However, these two EGF receptor binding moieties had different fates after binding. Sixty percent of cell associated 125I-EGF was internalized. The majority of internalized 125I was released from the cell within 2 hr. In contrast, whereas only 30% of bound 125I mAb 225 was internalized by HeLa cells, the internalized radioactivity remained cell-associated. EGF and mAb 225 were used to construct ricin A-chain (RTA) conjugates. The two chimeric molecules, EGF-RTA and mAb 225-RTA, were equally toxic to human HeLa cells. EGF-RTA was also toxic to murine 3T3 cells. In contrast, mAb 225-RTA was not toxic to 3T3 cells, consistent with the human EGF receptor specificity of mAb 225. Neither conjugate was cytotoxic to EGF receptor deficient 3T3-NR6 cells. Rapidity and potency of protein synthesis inhibition of HeLa cells were equivalent for the two chimeric conjugates, as was the degree to which colony-forming ability was reduced. However, ammonium chloride enhanced the toxicity of EGF-RTA but not mAb 225-RTA, suggesting that the two toxic chimeric toxins--like the unconjugated receptor-binding moieties--are processed differently by HeLa cells. PMID- 3496343 TI - Suramin inhibition of growth factor receptor binding and mitogenicity in AKR-2B cells. AB - Suramin, a polyanionic compound, has previously been shown to dissociate platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) from its receptor. In the present study suramin was found to inhibit the growth of sparse cultures of AKR-2B cells in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented medium in a dose-dependent, reversible fashion. Suramin also inhibited the ability of FBS, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), heparin-binding growth factor type-2 (HBGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate DNA synthesis in density-arrested cultures of AKR-2B cells. The inhibition of growth factor-stimulated mitogenicity was directly correlated to the dose of suramin required to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled TGF beta, HBGF-2, and EGF to their cell surface receptors. Suramin affected TGF beta and HBGF-2-related events at a 10-15-fold lower dose than that required for EGF related events. It was also noted that suramin inhibited TGF beta-stimulated soft agar colony formation of AKR-2B (clone 84A) cells as well as the spontaneous colony formation of AKR-MCA cells, a chemically transformed derivative of AKR-2B cells. This demonstrates that suramin's spectrum of action for growth factors and their receptors should be extended to include TGF beta, HBGF-2, and EGF as well as PDGF. The data further suggest that the spontaneous growth of AKR-MCA cells in soft agar is dependent on growth factor binding to cell surface receptors. PMID- 3496344 TI - Vanadate-activated calcium influx in A431 cells is dependent on the plasma membrane potential. AB - Vanadate can activate the uptake of Ca in A431 epidermal carcinoma cells by two- to fivefold with no detectable lag period. Preincubation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to down-regulate the EGF receptor prevents subsequent stimulation by EGF but not that by vanadate. Ca uptake is sodium-independent and is not activated by depolarization in high KCl. On the contrary, vanadate-stimulated uptake is completely inhibited by decreasing the plasma membrane potential from about -65 to -30 mV. These results demonstrate that the EGF receptor is not itself functioning as a Ca channel, that vanadate is not acting at the level of EGF receptor, and that the Ca transport system exhibits an unusual potential sensitivity in that it is inhibited by depolarization of the plasma membrane. PMID- 3496345 TI - Heterologous regulation of EGF receptors in fibroblastic cells. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increases the mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in several cells lines, including BALB/C-3T3. PDGF treated BALB/C-3T3 cells manifest a reduced capacity to bind 125I-labeled EGF due to a loss of high affinity EGF receptors. Cholera toxin potentiates the ability of PDGF to both decrease EGF binding and initiate mitogenesis. Whether PDGF increases EGF sensitivity via its effects on EGF receptors is not known and requires a more complete understanding of the mechanism by which PDGF decreases EGF binding. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) also reduces EGF binding in BALB/C-3T3 and other cells, presumably by activating protein kinase C and, consequently, inducing the phosphorylation of EGF receptors at threonine-654. PDGF indirectly activates protein kinase C, and EGF receptors in PDGF-treated WI 38 cells are phosphorylated at threonine-654. Thus, the effects of PDGF on EGF binding may also be mediated by protein kinase C. We investigated this hypothesis by comparing the actions of PDGF and TPA on EGF binding in density-arrested BALB/C-3T3 cells. Both PDGF and TPA caused a rapid, transient, cycloheximide independent loss of 125I-EGF binding capacity. The actions of both agents were potentiated by cholera toxin. However, whereas TPA allowed EGF binding to recover, PDGF induced a secondary and cycloheximide-dependent loss of binding capacity. Most importantly, PDGF effectively reduced binding in cells refractory to TPA and devoid of detectable protein kinase C activity. These findings indicate that PDGF decreases EGF binding by a mechanism that involves protein synthesis and is distinct from that of TPA. PMID- 3496346 TI - Toward an "unconfounded" classification of epidemiologic research design. AB - Existing classifications of research designs for epidemiologic studies are inconsistent and confusing because of the conceptual "confounding" of three distinct concepts: directionality in which exposure and outcome are investigated, sample selection criteria, and timing of the study proper with respect to the calendar times of exposure and outcome. The authors have attempted to construct a classification in which these three concepts comprise distinct (if not totally independent) axes. Closer attention to the distinctions described may help the planning and interpretation of epidemiologic studies, as well as facilitate future teaching and communication. PMID- 3496347 TI - The Tromso Heart Study: the relationship between food habits and the body mass index. AB - Associations between food habits and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) were explored in a cross-sectional study with 7410 men and 7257 women. High BMI was most strongly associated with low bread consumption and use of low-fat milk. Weaker positive associations were seen for coffee, fish and ground meat consumption, and with use of table fat with a low P/S-ratio. Negative associations were seen for use of fruits and vegetables and amount of table fat at each slice of bread. Inconsistent relationships were noted for use of alcohol. The results suggest that individuals to some extent have changed their food habits in order to keep the BMI within limits they consider to be normal, and underline the need for adjustment for BMI when e.g. relationships between the diet and blood lipids are studied. PMID- 3496348 TI - Influence of cigarette smoking on lung function at baseline and at follow-up in 14 years: the Framingham Study. AB - Cross-sectional and prospective associations between lung function and potential determinants were examined in the Framingham Study. Personal characteristics of interest were body height and weight, hand grip strength, smoking habits, history of respiratory symptoms and disease, and hematocrit. Baseline pulmonary function was the most powerful indicator of future FEV1, and cigarette smoking was the most important correctable influence. In addition to baseline FEV1, FVC and smoking habits, the important predictors of future lung function were age, relative weight, respiratory symptoms and hematocrit. There was a higher follow up FEV1 in those who quit smoking compared to those who continued even after adjustment for other associated variables. Relative weight and hematocrit were associated with FEV1 measured 14 years after baseline (directly for relative weight and inversely for hematocrit). PMID- 3496349 TI - The role of relative weight in the positive association between age and serum cholesterol in men and women. AB - With advancing age from youth on, there is an increase in mean serum cholesterol level of populations in "western" industrialized countries. Since serum cholesterol is one of the established major risk factors for premature coronary heart disease, it is important to explore the degree to which this age trend is physiologic or due to modern life styles. This study used cross-sectional data for 19,730 white men and 13,872 white women from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry to investigate one aspect of this question: does weight explain the association between age and serum cholesterol, in particular whether older age is associated with higher serum cholesterol in the absence of overweight. The relationships among age, relative weight, and serum cholesterol were examined through assessment of mean serum cholesterol levels in 25 subgroups stratified by age (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64) and by relative weight (less than 100, 100-109, 110-119, 120-134, greater than or equal to 135). Age and serum cholesterol were positively associated with each other. In women, it was a simple, linear relationship. In men, the degree of this positive association was less in people over age 35-44 than people in younger ages. These age-cholesterol patterns were present in men and women at desirable weight. However, in men aged 18-54, the positive association between age and prevalence of marked hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol greater than or equal to 250) was lower in people at desirable relative weight in comparison to those at higher relative weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496350 TI - Morning salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone is a useful screening test for nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - A screening test for nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC 21-OHD) has been established based on early morning salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) measurements. Saliva and serum samples were collected simultaneously between 0700 and 1100 h from 57 normal subjects (37 women and 20 men) and from 15 untreated patients (6 women and 9 men) with NC 21-OHD. The salivary (mean +/- SD, 524 +/- 508 pg/mL) and serum (10,548 +/- 5,998 pg/mL) 17-OHP concentrations in all 15 patients were unequivocally higher than the levels in normal subjects (saliva, 51 +/- 24 pg/mL; serum, 1,564 +/- 787 pg/mL). Salivary 17-OHP levels in patients with NC 21-OHD were significantly higher at 0700-0900 h (828 +/- 653 pg/mL) than at 0900-1100 h (314 +/- 227 pg/mL), while no such change was found in normal subjects. The salivary 17-OHP concentration was 1.3-6.9% of its serum concentration, and there was an excellent correlation (r = 0.93) between salivary and serum concentration in both normal subjects and patients with NC 21-OHD. In conclusion, early morning salivary 17-OHP measurement is an excellent screening test for the diagnosis of NC 21-OHD, since it accurately reflects serum 17-OHP levels, and sample collection is easy and noninvasive. We propose that salivary 17-OHP determination be used in population screening programs for NC 21-OHD to establish the true frequency of this disease. PMID- 3496351 TI - Changing osteocalcin concentrations during pregnancy and lactation: implications for maternal mineral metabolism. AB - We measured serum osteocalcin concentrations in 82 pregnant and 21 nonpregnant women. Osteocalcin values declined in the second trimester, but returned to nonpregnant levels late in the third trimester. The mean serum osteocalcin concentration in 36 women during pregnancy (mean gestation, 26 weeks) of 2.8 ng/mL was significantly lower than that in nonpregnant women (6.4 ng/mL; P less than 0.001) or term pregnant women at delivery (6.1 ng/mL; n = 46). Serum immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) levels were significantly higher during pregnancy than in nonpregnant women [97 +/- 5 vs. 56 +/- 4 ng/L (mean +/- SE); P less than 0.001]. No significant correlations were found between maternal osteocalcin concentrations and serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, or iPTH, but significant negative correlations were found between osteocalcin and total calcium or total protein. Osteocalcin concentrations in midtrimester amniotic fluid were very low (mean, 0.3 +/- 0.1 ng/mL; n = 11). In 29 lactating mothers, the mean serum osteocalcin level was 9.5 +/- 1.5 ng/mL, significantly higher than in any of the other groups (P less than 0.05), but their serum calcium and iPTH levels were normal. There was no correlation between serum osteocalcin and calcium or iPTH concentrations in lactating women. These changes are compatible with a sequence in which bone turnover is reduced during early pregnancy, rebounds in the third trimester, and increases in postpartum lactating women. PMID- 3496352 TI - Defective monokine production and decreased responsiveness of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to recombinant interleukin-1 in asthmatic patients. AB - Augmented IgE production and increased infections are often seen in allergic patients. As monocytes (MN) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are involved in both immune regulation and inflammatory reaction, MN function in terms of monokine production stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (MN supernatant; MN-sup) and its biological activity and the response of PMN to MN-sup and recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1) regarding chemotactic activity and expression of IgG Fc receptor (FcR) were studied in 26 normal children and 28 new and 22 hyposensitized (HS) asthmatic children. The results showed the following. There was no difference in IL-1 production, as assayed by thymocyte proliferation, among the three groups. All MN-sup from the three groups could enhance IL-2 production, but that of new patients was less efficient. In the absence of PWM, MN-sup of new patients greatly augmented the production of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE, but that of HS patients could enhance only IgE synthesis. MN-sup of patients enhanced less efficiently the chemotactic activity and FcR expression of PMN from healthy volunteers, and PMN from asthmatics responded much less vigorously to rIL 1 regarding the above-mentioned functions. The number of PMN with membrane IL-1 was much lower in allergic patients. Thus the abnormal MN and PMN functions may be used to explain partly the augmented IgE production and increased infections in allergic patients. PMID- 3496353 TI - The effect of radiotherapy on the natural killer (NK)-cell activity of cancer patients. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the effect of radiotherapy on peripheral blood natural killer (NK)-cell number and activity in 15 patients with cancer, prior to the commencement and at the completion of radiotherapy. The following observations were made. Prior to radiotherapy NK activity could not be correlated with the stage of malignancy. In all patients with advanced disease and with subnormal baseline NK activity, the outcome of radiotherapy was unfavorable. Following radiotherapy to sites including the mediastinum, patients had decreased NK activity compared with those receiving treatment to other sites. This decrease was not related to the dose of radiotherapy or stage of malignancy. The tumor response was favorable in most patients whose NK activity decreased as a result of radiotherapy. The decrease in NK activity may be associated with a decrease in the percentage of NK (N901) cells in the peripheral blood. The reduction in NK activity in those patients receiving mediastinal irradiation may be due to the large volume of blood which transits the field, so that the NK cells, or their more radiosensitive precursors, may be damaged and/or differentiation inhibited. Thus, these new observations show that radiotherapy does indeed affect the NK activity in cancer patients predominantly when the irradiation site includes the mediastinum. PMID- 3496354 TI - In vitro anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis by myasthenia gravis patient lymphocytes: correlations with thymic histology and thymic epithelial cell interactions. AB - In vitro anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti-AChR Ab) production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and thymic lymphocytes was investigated in 52 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). There was a positive correlation between in vitro anti-AChR Ab synthesis and in vivo titers. A relationship between the rates of synthesis by PBL and histological abnormalities of the thymus was also observed. Patients with hyperplastic thymus tended to produce the largest amounts in vitro, while those with an involuted thymus produced little or none. Production in thymoma patients is likely to correlate with the histological nature of the thymus associated with the tumor. In vitro Ab synthesis was modulated by the depletion of a cell subset for half of the patients tested. Finally, anti-AChR Ab production by thymocytes but not by PBL is enhanced by the addition of autologous or allogeneic thymic epithelial cells, suggesting a possible role of thymic epithelial cells in the autosensitization against AChR occurring in the thymus. PMID- 3496355 TI - Phenotypic analyses of mononuclear cells recovered from healthy and diseased human periodontal tissues. AB - Mononuclear cells were recovered from the gingival tissues of normal individuals and from patients with periodontal disease. Lymphocyte phenotypic markers were identified by immunofluorescence after reaction with monoclonal antibodies to T cell subset markers. The normal tissues exhibited T4/T8 ratios almost identical to those in the peripheral blood. The diseased tissue cell ratios were significantly reduced, in both the adult periodontitis and the juvenile periodontitis groups (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively), indicating alterations in the T-cell subset distribution in these tissues. Each diseased patient showed a much decreased T4/T8 ratio in the gingival lymphocytes when these were compared with the peripheral blood ratio from the same patient. The T4/T8 ratios of the more severe sites were significantly lower than those of the less severe sites in the same disease category. The decreases in subset ratios could be attributed to statistically significant reductions in T4+ lymphocyte recoveries relative to peripheral blood and also to slight relative increases in T8+ lymphocytes. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between the average probeable periodontal pocket depth and the T4/T8 ratio of each disease category was demonstrated. The relative recoveries of B cells from the various tissues did not differ between diseased and normal tissues. It is suggested that T-cell regulatory expression in gingival tissues is distinct from peripheral blood regulatory expression and that there is a local immunoregulatory imbalance in periodontal disease. PMID- 3496356 TI - Latex agglutination test for screening of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriers. AB - Latex agglutination (LA) for the demonstration of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigen in nasopharyngeal swabs was applied to the screening of H. influenzae type b carriers and compared with culturing by the antiserum agar method on Levinthal-bacitracin plates. Altogether, 51 (33%) of the 154 nasopharyngeal specimens collected from the close contacts of patients with invasive H. influenzae type b disease were positive in LA or the antiserum agar method or both. All 40 culture-positive samples were also positive in LA, and in 11 (9.6%) culture-negative samples, H. influenzae type b antigen was demonstrated by LA. LA as used in the present study is cheap, rapid, and easy to perform and is thus an ideal tool for the screening of H. influenzae type b carriers. PMID- 3496357 TI - X-ray diffraction studies of the structural state of crossbridges in skinned frog sartorius muscle at low ionic strength. AB - Low-angle X-ray diffraction diagrams were obtained from chemically skinned frog sartorius muscles under low ionic strength relaxing conditions. Experiments on single muscle fibres from rabbit muscle and on muscle proteins in solution have suggested the presence of a 'low ionic strength attached state' of the myosin crossbridges to actin, in which the overall ATP splitting and force-generating cycle is still blocked. This opened up the possibility that structural information about one of the intermediate states in the crossbridge cycle might be obtained under these conditions. Using synchrotron radiation as a high intensity X-ray source we were able to record the appropriate diffraction diagrams with short exposure times and were able to compare the same muscles at normal and at low ionic strength. Changes in the intensities of the equatorial reflections an increase in the 143 A meridional intensity can be interpreted in a similar way. However, these attached bridges do not give rise to changes in the actin-based layer line reflections, nor is their presence associated with a weakening of the myosin layer line pattern. These results provide further evidence for the existence of bound states of crossbridges, in which their orientation relative to actin is not sharply defined. PMID- 3496358 TI - The time course of the contractile force measured during a twitch under fixed sarcomere length. AB - A sarcomere length-controlled feedback system was constructed utilizing the laser diffraction technique of Haugen & Sten-Knudsen (1976) to detect sarcomere length changes. The system allowed the sarcomere length to be kept constant within 0.02% during an isometric twitch. The contractile force developed approximates closely to the force exerted by the crossbridges when their translatory movements are prevented. Thus, the force developed under this condition should correspond to the intensity of the active state as defined by A. V. Hill (1949). The time course of the twitch under constant sarcomere length differs substantially from that of the active state curves obtained using quick stretches and quick releases. Thus, the force does not rise quickly to its maximum but rather resembles the fixed-end twitch curve by leading it only slightly (5 ms at 5 degrees C). Its peak value does not reach the level of the tetanic plateau, but is only 9% higher than the maximum fixed-end twitch tension. The force remains above the curve of the fixed-end twitch during its entire course. It is shown that the quick-stretch procedure which results in active state curves as those obtained by A.V. Hill (1949) led to a considerable elongation of the sarcomeres. It is concluded that the slow rise of the contractile force under ordinary isometric conditions is due to properties inherent in the contractile machinery other than those resulting from the extension of series elastic components. PMID- 3496359 TI - Expression of c-myc proto-oncogene in normal human lymphocytes. Regulation by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. AB - Aberrant expression of the c-myc gene results from nonrandom chromosomal translocations involving the transcriptionally active antigen receptor gene loci, in particular lymphocytic leukemias and lymphomas, and is believed to contribute to the etiology of these neoplasms. In addition to its expression in abnormal lymphocytes, increased accumulation of c-myc mRNA occurs rapidly in normal B- and T-lymphocytes after stimulation with appropriate mitogens. The mechanisms that mediate these mitogen-induced elevations in c-myc mRNA levels, however, have not been determined for normal B and T cells. By using enriched populations of B- and T-lymphocytes obtained from freshly isolated human tonsils and stimulated with Staphylococcus-A or with phytohemagglutinin, respectively, we observed marked elevations (20-40-fold) in the steady state levels of accumulated c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA) within 1 h of exposure of cells to mitogens; modest increases (three- to fivefold) in the relative rate of transcription of the c-myc gene through protein synthesis-independent (cycloheximide-insensitive) mechanisms; and rapid rates of degradation of mature c-myc mRNAs through protein synthesis-dependent (cycloheximide-sensitive) mechanisms. These findings corroborate previous studies in other cell types and provide evidence for both transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of c-myc proto-oncogene expression in normal human lymphocytes. PMID- 3496360 TI - Lupus/Sjogren's autoantibody specificities in sera with paraproteins. AB - Antinuclear antibody and anti-RNA-protein autoantibodies were determined in 143 sera containing paraproteins and 39 control sera. Antinuclear antibodies were commonly present in the paraprotein sera by indirect immunofluorescence. 19 of 143 sera (13%) had elevated anti-Ro/SSA activity in a solid phase Ro/SSA binding assay, and 5 (3.5%) had Ro/SSA precipitating autoantibody. Eighteen sera had La/SSB binding autoantibodies (12%) but only one had an anti-La/SSB precipitin. Anti-nRNP(Sm) was not detected in any of these sera. The solid phase anti-RNA protein assays were repeated using anti-lambda and anti-kappa conjugates. Both lambda and kappa light chain autoantibodies were found in all positive sera consistent with polyclonal anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB responses. Paraprotein sera containing Ro/SSA precipitins were analyzed by isoelectric focusing followed by exposure to 125I-labeled Ro/SSA and autoradiography. All sera with anti-Ro/SSA binding paraproteins also contained polyclonal anti-Ro/SSA. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that anti-Ro/SSA paraproteins are common and arise from a previously present polyclonal anti-Ro/SSA response. PMID- 3496361 TI - Colony-stimulating factors regulate the development of multinucleated osteoclasts from recently replicated cells in vitro. AB - Osteoclasts mediate the process of bone resorption. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the formation of either osteoclasts or osteoclast precursors. In contrast, colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are well known to regulate the formation of myeloid cells and their precursors. Because osteoclasts and myeloid cells may originate from a common stem cell, we examined the effects of two CSFs, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3), on bone resorption, osteoclast formation, and the incorporation of recently replicated nuclei into the osteoclasts of mouse bone cultures. CSFs had little effect on the formation rate of osteoclasts or their resorptive activity but significantly decreased the percentage of recently replicated osteoclast progenitor cell nuclei present in the osteoclasts of bones treated with parathyroid hormone. GM-CSF also increased the number of myeloid cells in the marrow space of the cultures and the percentage of these cells derived from recently replicated progenitors. These results demonstrate that GM-CSF and IL-3 can regulate the development of osteoclasts from recently replicated precursor cells in cultured fetal mouse long bones. However, the mechanisms by which CSFs influence osteoclast formation are difficult to determine from these studies because markers for the osteoclast progenitor and precursor do not exist. These data also provide evidence that the differentiation of osteoclast progenitors is regulated by different factors at different points in their ontogeny. PMID- 3496362 TI - Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone causes vasodilatation in the anesthetized dog. AB - Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) administered intraarterially was a potent dilator in dog femoral (FEM), superior (cephalic) mesenteric (SMA), celiac (CAC), coronary (COR), carotid (CAR), and renal (REN) vascular beds. The effects of EGF-URO, which exhibited tachyphylaxis, could not be attributed either to recirculating EGF-URO or to the secondary release of other agonists or products of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Two vascular beds (FEM, SMA) showed a high maximum responsiveness to EGF-URO (maximum effect [Emax] approximately equal to 70% increase in flow) whereas another group (CAC, COR, CAR, and REN) exhibited lower responsiveness (Emax approximately equal to 20%). The ED50 for this effect of EGF URO was in the range of 0.4 micrograms (FEM, SMA, CAR, and COR) to 0.9 micrograms (CAC and REN). In isolated dog COR helical strips, EGF-URO did not exhibit either a direct relaxing or a contractile effect. However, preincubation of strips with EGF-URO caused up to a 66% inhibition of contraction in response to norepinephrine (1 microM), with an ED50 for EGF-URO of 1 nM. This action of EGF URO also showed marked tachyphylaxis. Our data point to a potential role for EGF URO (and possibly for the structurally related alpha-transforming growth factor) in the regulation of blood flow in vivo. PMID- 3496363 TI - Transepithelial transport of epidermal growth factor by absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), an acid-stable peptide present in rodent and human milk, is absorbed and promotes intestinal growth when fed to suckling rats. To determine whether absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum conduct selective transepithelial transport of EGF, we followed uptake of 125I-EGF from ileal loops by autoradiography and biochemical methods. Specific binding sites for 125I-EGF were localized by electron microscope autoradiography on apical membranes of ileal epithelial sheets in vitro. During uptake in vivo, radiolabeled molecules were concentrated in apical endosomal compartments and were also associated with lysosomal vacuoles, basolateral cell surfaces, and lamina propria. Excess cold EGF reduced basolateral label by 44% and TCA precipitable serum label by 38%. After 30 and 60 min of continuous uptake, radiolabeled molecules in epithelium, denuded mucosa, blood, and liver were analyzed under reducing conditions by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Although considerable degradation of 125I-EGF occurred after uptake from the lumen, a portion of radiolabel in epithelium and mucosa represented 125I-EGF which eluted somewhat more rapidly from C18 HPLC columns and showed a slight decrease in apparent molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. All radiolabel in blood and liver represented breakdown products. Thus, EGF is selectively transported across the ileal epithelium in suckling rats but is modified during transport. Milk EGF may accumulate in the lamina propria where it could influence growth and maturation of the suckling intestine. PMID- 3496364 TI - Decreased binding of epidermal growth factor in placentas from streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - Placentas from streptozotocin-diabetic rats have previously been shown to be morphologically and biochemically immature when compared with those of control rats. The binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to plasma membranes prepared from placentas of control and streptozotocin-diabetic fetuses has been characterized on days 17 and 21 of gestation. Results from competitive binding data analyzed by Scatchard analysis indicate the presence of a single class of receptors on day 17 (KD = 5.4 X 10(-10)) and the appearance of a second class of binding sites for 125I-EGF by day 21 (Kd = 3.5 X 10(-9)) in membranes from control fetuses. Placental membranes from diabetic fetuses show decreased specific binding (approximately 30%) on both days and the absence of a second class of binding sites on day 21 of gestation. Results from a radioreceptor assay indicate that the quantity of EGF in the serum of fetuses removed from control rats on day 21 is twofold greater than the quantity in serum of fetuses from diabetic rats. These data reveal a developmental increase in EGF-binding sites in the placenta of normal, near-term fetal rats, largely because of the appearance of a second class of binding sites with a lower affinity for EGF. The failure (or delay) of this second class to develop in the diabetic may be important for the control of maturation and growth of this tissue. PMID- 3496365 TI - Some anatomical observations on the projections from the hypothalamus to brainstem and spinal cord: an HRP and autoradiographic tracing study in the cat. AB - The hypothalamus is closely involved in a wide variety of behavioral, autonomic, visceral, and endocrine functions. To find out which descending pathways are involved in these functions, we investigated them by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and autoradiographic tracing techniques. HRP injections at various levels of the spinal cord resulted in a nearly uniform distribution of HRP-labeled neurons in most areas of the hypothalamus except for the anterior part. After HRP injections in the raphe magnus (NRM) and adjoining tegmentum the distribution of labeled neurons was again uniform, but many were found in the anterior hypothalamus as well. Injections of 3H-leucine in the hypothalamus demonstrated that: The anterior hypothalamic area sent many fibers through the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to terminate in the ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA), the rostral raphe nuclei, the nucleus Edinger-Westphal, the dorsal part of the substantia nigra, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), and the interpeduncular nuclei. Further caudally a lateral fiber stream (mainly derived from the lateral parts of the anterior hypothalamic area) distributed fibers to the parabrachial nuclei, nucleus subcoeruleus, locus coeruleus, the micturition-coordinating region, the caudal brainstem lateral tegmentum, and the solitary and dorsal vagal nucleus. Furthermore, a medial fiber stream (mainly derived from the medial parts of the anterior hypothalamic area) distributed fibers to the superior central and dorsal raphe nucleus and to the NRM, nucleus raphe pallidus (NRP), and adjoining tegmentum. The medial and posterior hypothalamic area including the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) sent fibers to approximately the same mesencephalic structures as the anterior hypothalamic area. Further caudally two different fiber bundles were observed. A medial stream distributed labeled fibers to the NRM, rostral NRP, the upper thoracic intermediolateral cell group, and spinal lamina X. A second and well-defined fiber stream, probably derived from the PVN, distributed many fibers to specific parts of the lateral tegmental field, to the solitary and dorsal vagal nuclei, and, in the spinal cord, to lamina I and X, to the thoracolumbar and sacral intermediolateral cell column, and to the nucleus of Onuf. The lateral hypothalamic area sent many labeled fibers to the lateral part of the brainstem and many terminated in the caudal brainstem lateral tegmentum, including the parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, and the solitary and dorsal vagal nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3496366 TI - Differentiation of cerebral radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence by [18F]FDG and 82Rb positron emission tomography. AB - Nine radiation-treated brain tumor patients were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) in an attempt to differentiate tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis. Rubidium-82 was used to define the region of absent or disturbed blood brain barrier and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) was used to evaluate the metabolic state of the brain. By comparing glucose utilization in the pathologic region with utilization in the adjacent tissue, a diagnosis of recurrent tumor (increased [18F]FDG accumulation) or necrosis (decreased FDG accumulation) was made. In the seven patients who underwent surgery the PET diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of resected tissue. The two patients who did not undergo surgery have had a clinical course consistent with the PET diagnosis of necrosis. Dynamic 82Rb imaging showed that the rate of 82Rb accumulation was greater in tumor than in normal brain. However, this finding alone did not differentiate tumor from necrosis, as some necrotic tissue also showed high rates of 82Rb accumulation, and washout kinetics were similarly nonspecific. The differentiation of radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence is reliably achieved by [18F]FDG PET examination and is aided by information obtained from a 82Rb PET study done immediately prior to the [18F]FDG injection. PMID- 3496367 TI - Global cerebral glucose utilization is independent of brain size: a PET Study. AB - Cerebral glucose metabolic rates were measured in 80 normal volunteers by studying the uptake of [18F]deoxyglucose with positron emission tomography (PET), using three PET scanners. A brain size index was determined from the PET images using either length-width or area measurements of the brain at a standard level. There was a significant negative correlation between glucose metabolism per unit volume and brain size that was well described by an inverse functional relationship, implying that the total glucose consumption of the brain is approximately constant. Analyses of men versus women revealed no sex differences in total brain glucose consumption, although there were differences in brain size and in glucose metabolism per unit volume. Similarly there was no significant correlation of total brain glucose consumption with age. The variation with brain size accounted for 46% of the logarithmic intersubject metabolic variance. When comparing global metabolic rates in different subjects, multiplying the rates by a brain size index has the dual advantage of correcting for differences related to brain size and correcting for differences in cerebrospinal fluid volume. PMID- 3496368 TI - A preliminary evaluation of a dual crystal positron camera. AB - The whole-body positron camera PC2048-7WB, manufactured by Scanditronix AB, is based on a detection unit with two scintillating crystals on each photomultiplier tube. The design ideas are specified and a system description is given. Preliminary test results including spatial resolution, time resolution, scatter correction, homogeneity, sensitivity, and count rate linearity are presented. PMID- 3496369 TI - Epidemiology of alcoholism. PMID- 3496370 TI - Late increase in luminal diameter of aortocoronary venous bypass grafts associated with an increase in the vascular region under supply. AB - In a previous study, a significant inverse relation was found between the luminal size of aortocoronary venous bypass grafts and the vascular resistance of the coronary region that was perfused by the bypass graft in late stages after bypass surgery. This observation suggested that changes in the graft-dependent vascular area could influence the luminal size of the vein graft, even when they occurred several years after operation. Whereas it is well established today that aortocoronary vein grafts often decrease in luminal diameter after implantation, an increase in the bypass lumen has so far not been reported. Therefore, changes in luminal diameter of 27 vein grafts in 21 patients who underwent at least two postoperative angiographic studies (first study 8 +/- 5 months after surgery, second study 58 +/- 32 months after surgery) were compared with the size of the vascular region supplied by the bypass. The graft diameter was found to be unchanged between the two studies (3.3 +/- 0.6 versus 3.4 +/- 0.7 mm, p = NS) when the dependent vascular area was unchanged. A significant increase in graft diameter from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 3.9 +/- 0.9 mm (p less than 0.001) was observed in nine patients in whom the area of perfusion had increased between the two studies because of the development of occlusion or obstruction of major coronary branches that were now perfused from the grafted vessel by way of collateral vessels. These data support the contention that the luminal size of aortocoronary vein grafts can adapt to the needs of the dependent myocardial vascular region even late after operation rather than being the result of a nonreversible degenerative process as commonly assumed. PMID- 3496371 TI - Exercise testing and survival after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3496372 TI - Coronary artery disease and its management: influence on survival in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. AB - Data from 1,156 patients greater than or equal to 30 years of age who underwent aortic valve replacement alone or with coronary artery bypass grafting from 1967 through 1976 (early series) and 227 similar patients operated on during 1982 and 1983 (late series) were reviewed. In the early series, 414 patients (36%) had preoperative coronary arteriography (group 1): group 1A (n = 224) did not have coronary artery disease, group 1B (n = 78) had coronary artery disease but did not undergo bypass grafting and group 1C (n = 112) had coronary artery disease and underwent bypass grafting. The 742 patients in group 2 did not have preoperative arteriography. Operative mortality rates (30 day) in groups 1A, 1B, 1C and 2 were 4.5, 10.3, 6.3 and 6.3%, respectively (p = NS). The 10 year survival in both groups 1 and 2 was 54%; in groups 1A, 1B and 1C it was 63, 36 and 49%, respectively (1A and 1B, p less than 0.01). In the late series, the 227 patients were divided into similar groups (group 1A, n = 73; 1B, n = 32; 1C, n = 99), and 90% had preoperative coronary arteriography. Operative mortality rates (30 day) for groups 1A, 1B and 1C were 1.4, 9.4 and 4.0%, respectively; that for group 2 (no preoperative arteriography, n = 23) was 4.3%. Definition of coronary anatomy by angiography seems important in most patients greater than or equal to 50 years old who are candidates for aortic valve replacement, and bypass grafting is recommended for those with significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 3496373 TI - Activation of human serum complement with allergens. I. Generation of C3a, C4a, and C5a and induction of human neutrophil aggregation. AB - To understand the relevance of allergens in generation of C3a, C4a, and C5a in normal human serum, we studied extracts of several allergens (house dust, house dust mite, Aspergillus fumigatus, and perennial ryegrass). Known complement activators zymosan and endotoxin were used as controls. Generation of C3a, C4a, and C5a (determined by radioimmunoassays) occurred with extracts of house dust and Aspergillus more than with house dust mite and ryegrass. Anaphylatoxins were produced both in dose and time-dependent fashions. Serum activated with house dust and Aspergillus extracts induced neutrophil aggregation when this serum was added to neutrophil suspensions. Less aggregation occurred when house dust mite and perennial ryegrass extract-activated sera were added to human neutrophils. We propose that some allergens may induce biologic responses by activation of sera and generation of anaphylatoxins as well as by IgE-mediated responses. PMID- 3496374 TI - The polyglandular deficiency syndrome: a new variant in Persian Jews. AB - Five Persian Jews were detected with the polyglandular deficiency syndrome (PDS). Primary hypoparathyroidism and hypogonadism were present in each, adrenal insufficiency in two, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and latent hypothyroidism in single subjects. The percentage of T and B cells, and the mononuclear cell response to phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A were normal in all five. IgG and IgA levels and the OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio were low in one subject. Antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies were present in one subject. HLA DR5 was present in 4/4, HLA-24 and B5 (B51) in 3/4 subjects. A single case of isolated hypoparathyroidism (IHP) was detected among 12 first degree relatives. HLA antigens B8, DR3, were absent in all of these subjects. Seven non-Iranian Jews with IHP were also examined. HLA A26 or A25 were present in all seven. Persian Jews appear to have a unique variant of PDS. PMID- 3496375 TI - Immunopathological mechanisms of liver cell injury in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. AB - It is generally accepted that the hepatitis B virus is not cytopathic and that liver cell damage in chronic HBV infection is dependent on the host's immune response directed at viral and self-antigens on the surface of infected hepatocytes. In recent years there have been some advances in the understanding of both the viral antigen display on hepatocytes and the resultant host response. Using fluoresceinated polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to HBV antigens, HBcAg has been identified as the major viral product expressed on the surface of liver cells isolated from patients with chronic HBV infection. In these patients, both T and non-T cells from peripheral blood have been shown to be cytotoxic to autologous hepatocytes. Blocking studies using polyclonal anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies indicate that HBcAg, but not HBsAg, is an important target antigen for T-cell attack, and this has recently been confirmed using monoclonal reagents. The non-T cell cytotoxicity appears to be directed at auto-antigens in a liver membrane lipoprotein complex (LSP), probably through an antibody-dependent (ADCC) mechanism. T-cell bypass mechanisms could be responsible for the production of autoantibodies to these normal membrane components. Both these mechanisms of cytolysis are found, most often, in patients with active viral replication in the HBeAg-positive phase of chronic HBV infection. This is presumably because hepatocytes containing free HBV-DNA and expressing HBcAg on their surface will be most susceptible to T-cell attack, while those with integrated HBV-DNA only express HBsAg and are relatively protected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496376 TI - Alpha-interferon enhances non-T cell cytotoxicity for autologous hepatocytes in acute and chronic HBV infection. PMID- 3496377 TI - Peripheral T-cell phenotypes in chronic active hepatitis B. Correlation with serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and clinical features. AB - We have studied peripheral blood T-cell phenotypes using monoclonal antibodies in untreated heterosexual patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAH-B) to investigate its relationship to HBV serological markers and clinical features. Compared to the controls, CAH-B patients formed three subgroups: one with low, one with normal and a third with high OKT4/OKT8 ratios. The CAH-B patients with an elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio tended to be symptomatic, have a past history of acute hepatitis, a shorter disease duration and a more severe histological liver disease than patients with a low OKT4/OKT8 ratio. All cases with high OKT4/OKT8 ratio were HBeAg-positive and 88% HBV-DNA-positive by molecular hybridization. In contrast only 10% of the cases with low OKT4/OKT8 ratio were HBeAg-positive and 40% HBV-DNA-positive. Delta-positive cases were only found in the subgroups with low (40%) and normal (25%) ratios. Sequential studies were performed in the 12 HBeAg-positive cases: seroconversion of HBeAg to anti-HBe was observed in 3, all with high OKT4/OKT8 ratios. This study delineates two major subgroups in CAH-B using peripheral T-cell phenotypes. This classification may prove to be useful in the follow-up of patients with CAH-B and in predicting their responsiveness to anti-viral therapy. PMID- 3496378 TI - Prolonged cholestasis after troleandomycin-induced acute hepatitis. AB - We report the case of a patient in whom troleandomycin-induced hepatitis was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestasis. Jaundice occurred after administration of troleandomycin for 7 days and was associated with hypereosinophilia. Jaundice disappeared within 3 months but was followed by prolonged anicteric cholestasis marked by pruritus and high levels of alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyltransferase activities. Finally, pruritus disappeared within 19 months, and liver tests returned to normal 27 months after the onset of hepatitis. This observation demonstrates that prolonged cholestasis can follow troleandomycin-induced acute hepatitis. PMID- 3496379 TI - Unresponsiveness of MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice to antigen given subcutaneously in adjuvant: partial restoration of response after local injection of B cells. AB - MRL/lpr mice were used as a model for seeking information on the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells in vivo. In confirmation of the finding of other workers, MRL/lpr mice with pronounced lymphadenopathy failed to undergo T cell priming in lymph nodes (LN) after s.c. injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA): thus, in contrast to normal mice or young MRL/lpr mice, the LN cells from older MRL/lpr mice failed to give secondary T proliferative responses to the injected antigen in vitro. Because previous work from this laboratory has shown that B cells play a major role in priming T cells in LN of normal mice, we tested the possibility that the lack of T cell priming to KLH seen in older MRL/lpr LN reflected the relative paucity of B cells. To test this idea, MRL/LPR mice were injected s.c. with B cells taken from normal or young MRL/lpr mice 1 day before priming with KLH/CFA. In the case of old (20 to 24 wk) MRL/lpr mice with massive lymphadenopathy, prior injection of B cells had virtually no effect in promoting LN priming. In marked contrast, injection of B cells into mice exhibiting less-pronounced LN enlargement (mice tested at 14 to 16 wk) was highly effective in restoring LN priming; before B cell injection, the LN of these mice contained only 2 to 5% B cells. These findings add to the evidence that T cell priming in LN is heavily dependent on the presence of B cells. PMID- 3496380 TI - The induction of lymphokine synthesis and cell growth in IL 3-dependent cell lines using antigen-antibody complexes. AB - Several IL 3-dependent murine bone marrow-derived cell lines can be stimulated to grow with antigen-antibody (Ag.Ab) complexes. The Ag.Ab complexes induced lymphokine gene expression and the synthesis of IL 2, GM-CSF, IL 3, and BSF-1 (IL 4). The lymphokines produced by these IL 3-dependent cells appeared to stimulate their own growth, as both IL 3 and BSF-1 (IL 4) stimulated the growth of IL 3 dependent cells. Ag.Ab complexes also stimulate the growth of primary cultures of bone marrow cells that have been previously activated with IL 3. Normal bone marrow, IL 2-, and GM-CSF-dependent bone marrow cell lines could bind Ag.Ab complexes, but binding did not result in the induction of lymphokine synthesis or cell growth. Hyperimmune serum from mice also stimulated lymphokine synthesis and cell growth in IL 3-dependent cells, and the stimulatory activity was removed by treatment with Staphylococcus aureus protein A, suggesting the presence of Ag.Ab complexes. PMID- 3496381 TI - Induction by lipopolysaccharide of intracellular and extracellular interleukin 1 production: analysis with synthetic models. AB - An attempt was made to identify the molecular structures that are present in bacterial LPS and induce the production of intracellular and extracellular pools of IL 1 by peritoneal macrophages of the mouse and by human monocytes. Activities of glycolipids and carbohydrates prepared by synthesis, and structurally related to the hydrophobic (Lipid A) and to the polysaccharide (PS) regions of LPS were compared with those induced by Bordetella pertussis endotoxin and by fragments derived therefrom. Both isolated regions of this LPS (PS and Lipid A) were able to induce IL 1 synthesis by monocytes and macrophages. Among the synthetic glycolipids employed, propyl-2-deoxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetrade-canamido]-4-O-pho sph ono-6-O-tetradecanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (glycolipid M9) induced IL 1 secretion more efficiently than Lipid A and LPS, whereas the amounts of intracellular IL 1 produced upon induction by these three substances were comparable. Macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice were unresponsive to Lipid A and to glycolipid M9, but produced IL 1 when incubated with PS or with a hydrophilic fragment isolated after methanolysis of the endotoxin. However, all synthetic derivatives of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO) used in this study failed to induce IL 1 production by both mouse macrophages and human monocytes. The implications of these findings for a more precise comprehension of the molecular mechanism of LPS-induced activation of macrophages, and the relations between the molecular structures required for the induction of IL 1 production vs cytostatic activity in macrophages, are discussed. PMID- 3496382 TI - Isolation of an antigen-specific T suppressor factor that suppresses the in vivo response of DBA/2 mice to ferredoxin. AB - A T cell hybridoma (Fd11) has been produced from B10.D2 mice that secretes a putative antigen-specific T suppressor factor (TsF). The TsF is isolable from culture supernatants of Fd11 by affinity purification over columns containing either a monoclonal antibody (B16G) shown previously to be capable of binding murine TsF or ferredoxin (Fd), the nominal antigen to which the Fd11 TsF binds. Specificity of the Fd11 TsF for Fd was established by comparing it to another TsF isolated by us (A10 TsF) in a sandwich ELISA, and by demonstrating the specific reactivity to Fd of the hybridoma in calcium flux studies. The Fd11 affinity purified TsF was shown to contain two major unique components with m.w. in the region of 80,000 and 35,000 when run on reducing polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Specific immunosuppressive properties of Fd11 were demonstrated when Fd11 TsF (10 micrograms) was injected i.v. into Fd primed syngeneic mice at the time of antigen boost. Fd11 TsF specifically and significantly diminished the secondary antibody response to Fd in DBA/2 mice. PMID- 3496383 TI - Androgen receptors in human thymocytes. AB - On the basis of a variety of evidence androgenic hormones are thought to exert modulatory effects on immune function. Because specific actions of these hormones are exerted through receptor-mediated mechanisms, we have examined the human thymus gland for the presence of specific high-affinity androgen receptors. Cytosolic extracts of whole human thymus were found to contain 6.5 (+/- 2.6) fmol of specific [3H]methyltrienolone binding per mg protein. The receptor sedimented at 8s on sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis. Thymic fibroblast lines derived from these glands did not express sufficient receptor content to account for the findings in whole thymus cytosolic extracts. Purified thymocyte preparations (greater than 99.3% pure as assessed by flow cytometry with monoclonal anti-thymocyte marker OKT11) contained 3.34 (+/- 1.2) fmol receptor per mg cytosolic protein. Mature peripheral blood lymphocytes, human T cells obtained from thoracic duct drainage, and the human T cell line Jurkat were not found to contain these receptors. These studies demonstrate for the first time that a high affinity androgen receptor is present in maturing human thymocytes. A functional role for these receptors is suggested by dihydrotestosterone-mediated decreases in interleukin 2-like activity produced by cultured human thymocytes. PMID- 3496384 TI - Cytolytic activity of human peripheral blood leukocytes against Legionella pneumophila-infected monocytes: characterization of the effector cell and augmentation by interleukin 2. AB - The present study was an in vitro attempt to define the effector mechanisms against the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila. Monocytes from human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were infected in vitro with L. pneumophila and cultured for 2 days to allow intracellular replication of the bacterium. Cells were then labeled with 51Cr and used as targets in a 4-h 51Cr-release assay. We report here that autologous nonadherent PBL effectively lysed infected monocytes, and this activity was enhanced when the effector cells were precultured with IL 2 for 2 days. The IL 2-activated killer cells were also cytolytic against uninfected cultured monocytes, but cytotoxicity was higher against Legionella infected target cells in a dose-dependent manner. The effector cells were located in Percoll density fractions that were enriched for large granular lymphocytes. The phenotype of the effector cell activated by IL 2 was determined to be OKM1+, OKT11+, partially Leu-11+, and negative for Leu-M1, OKT4, OKT8, and Leu-7, indicating that it is neither a T cell nor a monocyte, and is possibly and NK subset that is Leu-11+ and Leu-7-. Cold target inhibition studies indicated that a similar recognition structure is shared by both infected and uninfected monocytes, but differs from that on K562 tumor target cells. Thus, in addition to tumor surveillance and controlling viral infections, killer cells can be activated to provide protection against intracellular bacterial infections. PMID- 3496385 TI - Cytotoxic effector function of B lymphoblasts. AB - EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines and clones were cytotoxic in vitro against Actinomycin D-pretreated WEHI 164 sarcoma cells, a system in which mononuclear phagocytes were previously identified as effectors. Similarly, unlike resting B cells, normal B lymphoblasts stimulated for 72 hr with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and purified according to the expression of the B cell surface marker B1, demonstrated appreciable cytolytic activity. B lymphoblastoid cells and derived supernatants were cytotoxic for Actinomycin D-pretreated WEHI 164 cells, and killing was inhibited by an anti-lymphotoxin but not an anti-tumor necrosis factor antiserum. Thus, B lymphoblasts have cytotoxic potential, mediated by lymphotoxin or a lymphotoxin-like soluble product. PMID- 3496386 TI - Murine T lymphoma cells express a novel membrane-associated antigen with unique features. AB - A novel membrane-associated antigen expressed on various murine T lymphoma cells has been detected by a rat monoclonal antibody. The antibody YE6/6 initially produced against Moloney leukemia virus-transformed T lymphoma line MBL-2, reacted with several other lymphoma lines including non-T lymphoma lines as well as thymocytes from leukemic AKR mice, but it did not show significant reactivities with resting or mitogen-activated normal lymphocytes by flow cytometric analysis. The antibody did not bind to some Abelson leukemia transformed cells, which express Moloney virus antigens, suggesting that the antigen is unlikely to be encoded by Moloney virus genome. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the antigen molecules immunoprecipitated by the antibody revealed three major polypeptides. Two of the polypeptides, with approximate m.w. of 95,000 and 35,000, can be labeled by the cell surface iodination and, therefore, seem to be exposed on the cell surface. The third polypeptide, with approximate m.w. of 65,000, is not labeled by the surface iodination but it is readily detected by [35S]methionine labeling. The third polypeptide was labeled with [32P]orthophosphate indicating that it is a phosphoprotein. Western blot analysis showed that YE6/6 antibody primarily reacts with 35,000 m.w. polypeptide. Furthermore, the same 35,000 m.w. protein was also detected in concanavalin A-activated spleen cells at a low level by Western blot, but normal resting lymphocytes were negative. These results suggest that the antigen detected by YE6/6 antibody may be a cell proliferation-associated antigen and its expression is highly elevated on transformed lymphoma cells as compared to normal mitogen-activated lymphocytes. PMID- 3496387 TI - Specificity of monoclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies from unimmunized MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - Antibodies reactive with left-handed Z-DNA arise spontaneously in the sera of patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis and in autoimmune MRL mice. However, the precise specificity of these autoantibodies has not been established. In this report, we have characterized four monoclonal anti-Z-DNA antibodies from unimmunized MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice that do not cross-react with B-DNA and can discriminate between different types of left-handed helices. Two of the monoclonal antibodies (Za and Zi) behaved similarly in that they bound to two forms of Z-DNA (Br-poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and AAF-poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) but not to two other Z-form DNA (poly(dG-5BrdC).poly(dG-5BrdC) or poly(dG 5MedC).poly(dG-5MedC)). Neither antibody (Za or Zi) bound significantly to B-DNA or to denatured DNA. A third antibody (Ze) exhibited similar binding characteristics for the Z-DNA preparations, but also recognized denatured DNA. In contrast, a fourth antibody (3-7.3) bound preferentially to poly(dG-5BrC).poly(dG 5BrdC) in Z conformation. These results provide the first evidence for anti-Z-DNA autoantibodies in autoimmune mice that do not cross-react with native or denatured DNA and indicate that these antibodies exhibit considerable heterogeneity in their fine binding specificity. PMID- 3496388 TI - Corticosteroid therapy suppresses spontaneous interleukin 2 release and spontaneous proliferation of lung T lymphocytes of patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Active pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by the alveolar accumulation of activated helper T lymphocytes that are spontaneously releasing IL 2 and proliferating at an enhanced rate. In this regard, sarcoidosis represents a "model" human disorder to test in vivo the known in vitro action of corticosteroids on suppressing the activated IL 2 gene. Comparable groups of patients with active sarcoidosis were prospectively evaluated with no therapy or treated with corticosteroids. Over 3.2 +/- 0.4 mo, the untreated group had no significant change in spontaneous lung T cell release of IL 2 or spontaneous proliferation. In contrast, over the same period, the treated group had marked reduction of spontaneous lung T cell release of IL 2 and proliferation (p less than 0.01, all comparisons before therapy). Furthermore, Northern analysis of lung T cell RNA before therapy demonstrated IL 2 mRNA transcripts, whereas no IL 2 transcripts were observed during therapy. These observations are consistent with the concept that directly, or indirectly, corticosteroids are capable of suppressing the IL 2 gene in activated T lymphocytes in vivo. PMID- 3496389 TI - Detection of receptors for murine B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF1): presence of functional receptors on CBA/N splenic B cells. AB - The presence of receptors specific for murine B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF1) was demonstrated by utilizing an internally radiolabeled recombinant BSF1. Radiolabeled BSF1 was efficiently produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with a cloned mRNA for BSF1 and 35S-methionine. The labeled BSF1 specifically bound to splenic B cells. A Scatchard analysis indicated the existence of one class of receptor sites. BSF1 receptors were found to be distributed on a wide range of hematopoietic lineage cells, including B cells, T cells, macrophages, and mast cells. B cells from CBA/N mice with the xid gene defect had a similar level of BSF1 binding capacity compared with BALB/c strain B cells, and responded well to insoluble anti-Ig and BSF1 in proliferation assays, indicating that CBA/N B cells express functional BSF1 receptors at normal levels. Pre-B cell lines showed low levels of BSF1 binding, suggesting that cells in the B cell lineage acquire BSF1 responsiveness early in development. PMID- 3496390 TI - Role of the macrophage-derived hybridoma growth factor in the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of newly formed B cell hybridomas. AB - It has been shown recently that monocyte-macrophage cells produce a growth factor (HGF) active on newly formed B cell hybridomas. We have studied the effect of HGF on the proliferation of an HGF-sensitive clone of B cell hybridoma. Results obtained showed that the murine P388D1 cell-derived HGF has a m.w. of 29,000 and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.2 whereas the human monocyte-derived HGF has a m.w. of 34,000 and a pI of 4.9. The HGF activity was not mediated by interleukin 1 because the two activities could be completely separated by gel filtration. Results obtained in in vivo experiments showed that HGF-sensitive cells are tumorigenic in mice. The finding that the HGF biochemical parameters (m.w. and pI) are similar to the ones of a recently described plasmacytoma growth factor suggests that HGF and the plasmacytoma growth factor are similar and that the HGF sensitivity of SP 2/O myeloma cells is reactivated after fusion with normal B lymphocytes. PMID- 3496391 TI - C3a(C3adesArg) induces production and release of interleukin 1 by cultured human monocytes. AB - Purified human C3a(C3adesArg) induced dose-dependent generation of intracellular IL 1 activity and release of IL 1 in cultures of human mononuclear adherent cells in serum-free conditions. Concentrations of C3a(C3adesArg) of 10(-8) M and 6 hr of culture were sufficient to induce production of cell-associated IL 1, as detected in monocyte lysates. Ten- to 100-fold higher concentrations of C3a(C3adesArg) and 24 hr of culture were required for induction of IL 1 release. Release of IL 1 induced by suboptimal amounts of C3a(C3adesArg) was greatly enhanced by the addition of indomethacin to the culture medium. Contamination with C5a of the C3a(C3adesArg) preparation did not account for C3a(C3adesArg) induced IL 1 production. Induction of IL 1 activity by C3a(C3adesArg) was not due to contaminating LPS, as indicated by the following observations: the amount of contaminating LPS in C3a(C3adesArg) was below that which could induce IL 1 release from human monocytes in serum-free conditions; induction of IL 1 by C3a(C3adesArg) was not suppressed by polymyxin B; kinetics of IL 1 production and release in the presence of C3a(C3adesArg) differed from those observed in the presence of LPS; and sialated gangliosides, which inhibit IL 1 release induced by LPS, had no effect on the induction of IL 1 by C3a(C3adesArg). The C3a(C3adesArg) preparation used in this study mostly contained the desArg derivative, suggesting that, in contrast with the requirement for an intact C-terminal arginyl residue for the spasmogenic activity of C3a, both C3a and its C3adesArg derivative may interact with receptors on human monocytes. By inducing IL 1 production and release, C3a(C3adesArg) may contribute to the generation of the inflammatory process and the regulation of the immune response. PMID- 3496392 TI - Purification and NH2-terminal sequence of a plasmacytoma growth factor derived from the murine macrophage cell line P388D1. AB - Plasmacytoma growth factor (PCT-GF), a putative macrophage-derived lymphokine essential for the in vitro viability and proliferation of early generation plasmacytomas, was purified from conditioned medium of the murine macrophage cell line P388D1. The purification of PCT-GF was accomplished by a batch concentration on trimethylsilyl-controlled pore glass beads, followed by: gel filtration chromatography; hydrophobic interaction HPLC; and reverse-phase HPLC. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified PCT-GF revealed a single band of Mr 23,000. The amino terminal sequence of PCT-GF was established as NH2-Pro-Thr-Ser-Gln-Val-Arg-Arg Gly-Asp-Phe-Thr-Glu-Asp-Thr-Thr-Pro-Asn- Arg-Pro-Val-Tyr-Thr. No significant homology was found between this sequence and proteins in the National Biomedical Research Foundation database, suggesting that PCT-GF is a new lymphokine unrelated to previously described growth and differentiation factors. PMID- 3496393 TI - Multiple genetic mechanisms have contributed to the generation of the HLA-A2/A28 family of class I MHC molecules. AB - The genetic events that produce diversity in class I MHC genes and proteins has been investigated by using a family of closely related HLA-A alleles. Five genes coding for HLA-A2.2Y, HLA-A2.3, and HLA-Aw68.2 have been isolated. Exon sequences are compared with the known sequences for HLA-A2.1, HLA-A2.2F, HLA-A2.4, HLA Aw68.1, and HLA-Aw69. Pairwise comparison of the eight unique sequences shows that point mutation, reciprocal recombination, and gene conversion have all contributed significantly to the diversification of this family of alleles. These results are compared with those of other studies that have emphasized the role of gene conversion. A predominance of coding substitutions in the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains is found, consistent with positive selection for polymorphism being a major factor in the fixation of these alleles. In the three cases examined, genes for phenotypically identical proteins gave identical nucleotide sequences, indicating that most, if not all, of the class I polymorphism is detectable by immunological methods. The apparent stability of the sequences suggests that the events generating some of the alleles occurred before the origin of modern Homo sapiens. PMID- 3496394 TI - Treatment of a murine B cell lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies and IL 2. AB - A transplantable murine B cell lymphoma was used to study combination therapy with anti-idiotype antibody and interleukin 2 (IL 2). Class-switched IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies were compared. A marked additive and sometimes synergistic effect was seen when IL 2 was combined with either IgG2a or IgG2b anti-idiotype antibodies. A synergistic effect was also seen when similar experiments were performed in nude mice. In vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays showed that IL 2 enhanced antibody-mediated lysis by peritoneal cells exposed to IL 2 in vitro in a dose-related manner. Peritoneal cells harvested from mice treated in vivo with IL 2 contained an increased number of T cells and asialo GM+ natural killer cells, and also mediated enhanced ADCC. Depletion of natural killer cells with anti-asialo GM and complement resulted in a marked decrease in the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by these peritoneal cells. The mechanism of synergy between monoclonal antibody and IL 2 may be due to the direct or indirect activation of natural killer cells mediating ADCC. PMID- 3496395 TI - Interleukin 2 induces human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells to manifest lymphokine-activated-killer (LAK) cytotoxicity. AB - Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) were originally distinguished from natural killers (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Recently, however, IL 2 activated NK cells were suggested as the major source of LAK reactivity in human peripheral blood (PBL). Because certain T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T ALL) cells are phenotypically similar to LAK precursors, we have asked whether these leukemic cells can be induced toward LAK-cytotoxicity and express NK reactivity before stimulation. Five out of seven T-ALL preparations were induced by IL 2 to kill target cells. The cytotoxicity of the leukemic-LAK cells resembled that of normal LAK effectors as they lysed efficiently the NK-resistant target Daudi, as well as fresh human sarcoma, carcinoma, and renal cancer cells but not normal PBL. The ALL-LAK precursors phenotype was T3-, T4-, T8-, and T11+, similar to most normal LAK precursors. In contrast to normal PBL that generated LAK effectors when their proliferation was inhibited, the irradiated, nonproliferating T-ALL leukemic cells did not respond to IL 2. Therefore, the T ALL LAK cytotoxicity was attributed to the leukemic cells rather than to residual normal lymphocytes. The IL 2-responding T-ALL cells did not express autonomous NK type cytotoxicity, suggesting that they reflect LAK precursors of non-NK origin. The homogeneous leukemic preparations with inducible LAK cytotoxicity described herein provide a model system for studying normal LAK cells. PMID- 3496396 TI - An improved method for the purification of retinal S-antigen using selective hydrophobic adsorption chromatography. AB - This paper describes the use of phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B as a solid-phase hydrophobic adsorbent in the purification of S-antigen from protein extracts of bovine, porcine and human retina. Chromatographic conditions were ascertained whereby the majority of contaminating proteins were bound to the adsorbent leaving S-antigen in the liquid phase. In combination with size fractionation on Ultrogel AcA, the method conveniently yielded porcine and bovine S-antigen preparations up to 100% purity. Immunogenicity of purified S-antigens was verified by induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in albino Lewis rats. The method is preparative in scale, fast in performance and yields S antigen in high purity and antigenic potency. PMID- 3496397 TI - Disseminated intra-vascular coagulation (a case report). PMID- 3496398 TI - Transforming growth factor-beta: selective increase in glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultures of fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been found in all cells examined thus far, and has been shown to play an important role in inflammation and connective tissue formation. We now report that TGF-beta, alone or in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF), led to a preferential increase in glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultures of dermal fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) when compared with normal fibroblasts (p less than 0.001). Transforming growth factor-beta increased collagen synthesis to the same extent in both PSS and normal fibroblasts, whereas EGF had no stimulatory activity on collagen synthesis. The addition of EGF to cultures incubated with TGF-beta led to a decrease in collagen synthesis compared with the effect seen with TGF-beta alone (p less than 0.02). These studies suggest that TGF-beta may play an important role in the accumulation of connective tissue seen in PSS and that the combined action of multiple growth factors may modulate the synthetic activity of human dermal fibroblasts. PMID- 3496399 TI - Langerhans cell- and T-lymphocyte functions in patients with atopic dermatitis with disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection. AB - We studied whether Langerhans cell (LC)- and T-lymphocyte functions of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are impaired. Our study groups consisted of 6 patients with AD with previous disseminated herpes simplex virus infection (AD + HSV), 8 patients with ordinary AD, and 5 healthy subjects. Suction blisters were performed on abdominal skin and LC isolated on the basis of their attachment to IgG-coated erythrocyte monolayers. Antigen-presenting function of purified LC was studied by measuring the proliferation of HSV-stimulated T cells. Langerhans cells were also used to stimulate T cells in autologous mixed cell reaction (AMCR). In addition, the production of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) by crude epidermal cells was measured. The HSV-induced T-cell proliferation in AD + HSV and AD patients was comparable with that of controls. The AMCR responses of patients with AD + HSV and AD were clearly diminished when compared with healthy controls. Patients with AD also produced significantly less ETAF than controls. Our results suggest that HSV antigen-presenting function of LC from patients with AD + HSV seems to be intact. Defective AMCR may reflect an abnormality in autoregulation and generation of effector cells and this together with decreased ETAF production may have pathogenetic significance in AD. PMID- 3496400 TI - Alteration of lymphocyte functions by 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet radiation. II. The effect of in vivo PUVA on IL-2 production. AB - Our previous studies demonstrated that psoralen plus long-wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA) treatment inhibited certain T-lymphocyte functions, such as locomotive ability. To further analyze the effects of PUVA on T-lymphocyte function, we investigated the ability of mouse spleen cells to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) after treatment of the mice in vivo with PUVA. Interleukin 2 production was impaired in cells from PUVA-treated mice compared with those from UVA-irradiated, 8-methoxypsoralen-treated, or normal mice. This impairment was not dose dependent, over the dose range of UVA (2-20 J/cm2) examined. Interleukin 2 production was markedly suppressed on day 3 after PUVA and returned to normal by day 7 after the treatment. Topical treatment of the mice with croton oil did not affect IL-2 production of their spleen cells. This result indicates that cutaneous inflammation per se may not be responsible for the suppressive effect of PUVA on IL-2 production. Addition of exogenous IL-1 did not reconstitute the decreased ability of spleen cells to produce IL-2 in vitro, indicating that PUVA affected primarily IL-2 producing cells. These suggest that impaired IL-2 production may account for some of the immune dysfunction observed in PUVA treated animals. PMID- 3496401 TI - Fever and increased serum IL-1 activity as a systemic manifestation of acute phototoxicity in New Zealand White rabbits. AB - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant environmental hazard for humans and animals. Although the clinical effect of an acute UV exposure such as cutaneous inflammation, malaise, somnolence, chills, and fever have been appreciated for many years, the underlying mechanisms mediating these effects are poorly understood. Since chills and fever are the most dramatic systemic sequelae after a prolonged exposure to UV, we specifically examined the effect of whole-body UV irradiation on core body temperature and serum endogenous pyrogen activity of New Zealand White rabbits, correlating this with serum interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity and alterations of serum divalent cation levels. We found that an acute dose of UV irradiation (Westinghouse FS-40 lamps, 0.2 mJ/cm2/s X 8 h) resulted in a significant increase in the core body temperature 2 h post UV (0.8 degree C), peaking 5 h post UV (1.8 degree C), and returning to normal 24 h post UV. Likewise, the sera from the UV-irradiated rabbits had significant endogenous pyrogen activity when transferred into naive recipient animals, causing an increase in core body temperature within 45 min (0.65 +/- 0.12 degree C), decreasing over the next 2 h, and returning to normal 6 h post injection. No endotoxin contamination was detected in any serum samples. This post-UV febrile response was accompanied by a prolonged increase in serum IL-1 activity (5-10 X) and a significant alteration in serum divalent cation levels, with the rabbits becoming euthermic even as the serum IL-1 levels remained elevated. These findings provide new information concerning the pathogenesis and kinetics of these systemic effects after an acute dose of UV irradiation. PMID- 3496402 TI - Granulomatous slack skin: clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta gene is evidence for the lymphoproliferative nature of a cutaneous elastolytic disorder. AB - Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is characterized by the slow evolution of bulky, erythematous skin folds that have a granulomatous histology, and show destruction of dermal elastic tissue. Several cases have been putatively associated with Hodgkin's disease, and histologic similarities to mycosis fungoides have also been noted. We examined tissue from 3 cases of GSS to determine whether the condition was inflammatory or lymphoproliferative in nature. We found an abnormal, monomorphous T-helper cell immunophenotype, and in all 3 cases, clonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta gene. We conclude that GSS is an indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma associated with granulomatous inflammation that mediates elastolysis, producing a distinctive clinical appearance. PMID- 3496403 TI - Outcome of heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children. PMID- 3496404 TI - Distinct geographic distribution of subtypes of Haemophilus influenzae type b in Western Europe. PMID- 3496405 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3496406 TI - [Coronary artery-to-pulmonary fistulas with a coronary artery aneurysm and coronary arteriosclerosis. A case report of surgical correction]. PMID- 3496407 TI - Modification of the platelet-binding domain of von Willebrand factor. AB - Radioiodinated Bolton-Hunter reagent was used at low specific activity to probe for the function and reactivity of amino groups on von Willebrand factor (vWF), a plasma protein involved in platelet responses to damaged endothelial surfaces. The platelet receptor for vWF contains a membrane protein termed glycoprotein Ib. Modification of only one or two amino groups per vWF subunit caused a 50% reduction in the platelet-agglutinating activity of vWF, and a decrease in its ability to bind to platelets. All multimeric forms of vWF are modified. Loss of platelet-agglutinating activity on modification of less than 2% of the amino groups on each vWF subunit suggests that the amino groups in the glycoprotein Ib binding domain of vWF are both particularly reactive and essential for its function. PMID- 3496408 TI - Ventricular fluid interleukin-1 activity in patients with head injury. AB - Patients with severe head injury are hypermetabolic and hypercatabolic, and manifest several components of the acute phase response. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine that mediates many aspects of the acute phase response, and rats with experimental head injury produce IL-1 of brain origin. IL-1 administered intracerebroventricularly to experimental animals has disproportionately greater systemic biologic effects compared with IL-1 injected intravenously. In this study, patients with severe head injury were evaluated to determine whether IL-1 activity in the ventricular fluid was increased and whether IL-1 levels correlated with some of the altered metabolic responses. Twelve hospitalized patients with head injury (24-hour peak admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 4 to 10) were evaluated on admission and longitudinally for 21 days after injury. IL-1 activity in ventricular fluid from patients with head injury was significantly elevated whereas IL-1 activity in cerebrospinal fluid from age- and sex-matched patients undergoing lumbar puncture for myelograms was not detectable (P less than 0.005). The patients with head injury had clinical and biochemical indicators of IL-1 activity such as fever, hypozincemia, and increased C-reactive protein levels that improved during the period of hospitalization. It is speculated that the elevated IL-1 activity may play a role in the altered metabolic response of patients with severe head injury. PMID- 3496409 TI - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with dysphagia (a review). AB - Dysphagia due to cervical osteophytes is not common. However, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) with cervical involvement which causes dysphagia is even rarer. The otolaryngologist is not generally familiar with this entity. The diagnosis can be made by plain cervical X-ray films, a barium swallowing esophagogram and or a CT scan of the neck. When doubt still exists, further extra axial X-ray films can be helpful. Although most patients have been treated surgically, there may be a role for conservative therapy initially, as surgery in elderly DISH patients is often morbid and even fatal. A 79-year-old patient with DISH (Forestier's disease) is reported. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy was successfully implemented. DISH is compared with other disorders of the cervical spine which may cause dysphagia. PMID- 3496410 TI - Differential protein synthesis by murine peritoneal macrophages elicited by various stimuli. AB - Protein synthetic patterns of murine peritoneal macrophages were analyzed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) of 35S methionine labeled proteins. While the protein synthetic patterns exhibited by resident, inflammatory, and activated macrophages had numerous common features that distinguished them from the other normal non-macrophage cell types examined, unique proteins also characterized each macrophage population from the others. The accumulation by resident macrophages of proteins 23, 25, and 37 distinguished them from elicited cells, as did the former's more abundant synthesis of proteins 54 and 52. The protein synthetic patterns of inflammatory thioglycollate- and proteose peptone-elicited macrophages were strikingly similar, save for the former's greater levels of accumulation of proteins 14 and 28, and the latter's more pronounced expression of p23.5. Peritoneal macrophages elicited by treatment with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes, the live, attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG, Listeria monocytogenes, and the protozoan flagellate Trypanosoma rhodesiense, all exhibited tumoricidal activity in 16-h or 72-h functional assays. They shared a common protein synthetic profile that differentiated them from the synthetic patterns characteristic of the non tumoricidal resident and inflammatory macrophages. These tumoricidal macrophages were unique in synthesizing a protein(s) of approximate molecular weight 26,000 daltons. A time-course study employing P. acnes-activated peritoneal macrophages indicated that p26 accumulation decayed with tumoricidal capacity as a function of time in culture, although no direct correlation between lytic activity and p26 expression could be definitively established. Peritoneal macrophages elicited with proteose peptone were not directly tumoricidal but were rendered so upon in vitro treatment with nanogram amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The accumulation of low levels of p26 by the newly explanted proteose peptone elicited macrophages suggests the possibility that this protein characterizes macrophage populations primed as well as triggered for tumoricidal activity. PMID- 3496411 TI - Differential prostaglandin production by unfractionated and density-fractionated human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. AB - Mononuclear phagocyte elaboration of E series prostaglandins (PGE) may be important in the regulation of inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Mononuclear phagocytes are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous cells. To further understand the processes controlling inflammation and fibrosis, in particular that in the human lung, we characterized the ability of unfractionated and density-fractionated human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes to elaborate PGE. Alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes constitutively elaborated small amounts of PGE, and their elaboration of PGE was increased with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Monocytes elaborated more PGE than autologous alveolar macrophages. In addition, denser monocytes (specific gravity greater than 1.055) and denser alveolar macrophages (specific gravity greater than 1.044) elaborated more PGE than less dense monocytes and alveolar macrophages, respectively. When monocytes were incubated in vitro, their constitutive PGE elaboration decreased with time. However, in vitro incubation did not cause monocytes to lose their capacity to elaborate PGE in response to LPS. Thus, mononuclear phagocyte populations differ in their ability to elaborate PGE. These differences can be only partially attributed to differences in cell maturation. PMID- 3496412 TI - Effect of mitogens on the cell cycle progression and the quantification of T lymphocyte surface markers in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - The cell cycle progression and viability of stimulated and intact lymphocytes from 20 subjects with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was determined by flow cytometry. As compared to controls, 62% less AIDS lymphocytes, cultured for 72 hr in the presence of lectins (Con-A, PHA, PWM), had entered the proliferative phases of the cell cycle, while the respective value for periodic acid (H5IO6)-stimulated cells was 34%. The helper-suppressor ratios and natural kill cell percentages of the unstimulated and PHA-activated AIDS lymphocytes increased approximately 3-fold after 72 hr in culture. The natural killer (NK) cell fraction of the PHA-stimulated and unstimulated AIDS cultures comprised approximately 20% as compared to 10% in controls. However, no changes in the percentages of T-lymphocytes were detected in the AIDS cell cultures. Throughout the culture period, viability of the unstimulated AIDS lymphocytes exceeded 90%, whereas in stimulated cultures it fluctuated within the 65-90% range. It is concluded that the liability of AIDS lymphocytes to mitogens is probably a direct consequence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PMID- 3496413 TI - Molecular, cellular, and functional properties of bone marrow T lymphocyte progenitor clones. AB - The continuous proliferating bone marrow clones C4-77, C4-86, and C4-95 express low levels of Thy-1 and Ly-1 surface antigens, but no detectable surface antigens normally present on thymocytes, peripheral mature T lymphocytes, cells of the B lymphocyte or myeloid lineages. They contain the T cell antigen receptor genes alpha, beta, and the T cell-specific gene gamma in the germline configuration, and they express functional receptors for IL-3 and nonfunctional receptors for IL 2. The C4 clones are able to home and undergo differentiation in the thymus of sublethally irradiated mice and give rise in vivo to phenotypically and functionally mature peripheral T lymphocytes displaying several antigen specificities. In vitro 5-Azacytidine induces the C4 clones to express Lyt-2 and L3T4 T cell differentiation antigens, and renders them amenable to be switched from IL-3 to IL-2 dependence. However, the C4 clones seem incapable of giving rise to B lymphocytes either in vivo or in vitro. They self-renew in vitro in the presence of IL-3 every 12-14 h. We conclude that the C4 clones represent cells at the earliest stage of T cell development, i.e., Pro-T lymphocytes. PMID- 3496415 TI - Regulated progression of B lymphocyte differentiation from cultured fetal liver. AB - Lymphoid fetal liver cultures (LFLC) are long-term, nontransformed cultures of early B lymphoid lineage cells which appear developmentally blocked at the pre-B stage in vitro. When injected into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, cells from LFLC could reconstitute splenic B lymphocytes and serum IgM. T lymphocyte reconstitution was not observed and serum IgG levels were very low. IgG3 was the predominant gamma subisotype in the serum of the LFLC-reconstituted mice, indicating impaired class switching in these B lymphocytes. When thymocytes were coinjected with LFLC, the B lymphocytes were able to class switch fully and respond to T-dependent antigens. These serological responses were heterogeneous. This experimental system allows separation of three B lymphocyte developmental stages: early differentiation in vitro, progression to IgM secretion in vivo, and late differentiation dependent upon mature T lymphocytes in vivo. The unique advantage of this system is the ability to regulate the B lymphocyte developmental pathway in a defined, stepwise manner. PMID- 3496414 TI - Human monocyte Arg-Serpin cDNA. Sequence, chromosomal assignment, and homology to plasminogen activator-inhibitor. AB - An LPS-stimulated, human monocyte cDNA library was screened for stimulation specific clones. One clone (pcD-1214) contained a 1.9-kb pair insert that hybridized to a 2,000-nucleotide mRNA expressed by peripheral blood monocytes, the histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937, and umbilical cord endothelial cells. The 415-amino-acid precursor polypeptide predicted from the cDNA (46,596 molecular weight) has a putative 22-residue signal peptide and approximately 35% homology with members of the serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) superfamily. On the basis of amino acid homology and alignment of COOH-terminal residues within the Serpin-reactive center, the clone pcD-1214 was identified as coding for an Arg-Serpin. Southern blot analysis of human-mouse somatic cell hybrid DNA locates the Arg-Serpin gene on human chromosome 18. A perfect match between amino acid residues 347-376 in this Arg-Serpin and the published sequence of a 30-residue, tryptic peptide from the COOH-terminus of a monocyte plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2), strongly suggests that the Arg-Serpin encoded by pcD-1214 is PAI-2. PMID- 3496416 TI - Depletion of RT6.1+ T lymphocytes induces diabetes in resistant biobreeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats. AB - To investigate the role of RT6+ T cells in the pathogenesis of diabetes in BB/W rats, we treated animals from the diabetes-resistant (DR) subline with anti-RT6.1 lymphocytotoxic mAb. This depleted greater than 95% of peripheral RT6+ T cells but did not substantially reduce levels of circulating T cells or the in vitro response of spleen cells to mitogen. Treatment of 30-d-old DR BB/W rats in this way: induced insulitis and diabetes, rendered nondiabetic RT6-depleted DR rats susceptible to the adoptive transfer of diabetes by spleen cells from acutely diabetic BB/W rats, and yielded DR spleen cell populations capable of the adoptive transfer of diabetes to diabetes-prone (DP) or DR recipients. Treatment of DR rats beginning at 60 d of age failed to produce these effects. These results suggest that both susceptibility and resistance to diabetes in the BB/W rat are in part regulated by the RT6+ T cell subset and provide evidence for the importance of regulatory T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and diabetes in BB/W rats. PMID- 3496417 TI - Characterization of the human B cell stimulatory factor 1 receptor. AB - 125I-labeled recombinant human B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) was used to characterize receptors specific for this lymphokine on in vitro cell lines representing human B, T, and hematopoietic lineages, as well as on adherent cell lines of epithelial and endothelial origin, and on primary human gingival fibroblasts. BSF-1 binding was extremely rapid and saturable at both 4 and 37 degrees C, with a slow dissociation rate. On all human cell types examined, BSF-1 bound to a single class of high-affinity receptor (less than 3,000 receptors per cell) with a Ka of 0.5-1.0 X 10(10)/M. Human BSF-1 also bound to cell lines of simian but not murine origin. Comparison of kinetic characteristics obtained with a yeast-derived hyperglycosylated form of BSF-1 (Mr 60,000) and N-glycanase treated, sugar-free BSF-1 (Mr 15,000) showed no significant differences. Among a panel of lymphokines and growth hormones, only unlabeled human BSF-1 was able to compete for the binding of 125I-labeled human BSF-1. Affinity crosslinking experiments resulted in the identification on both Raji cells and on primary human gingival fibroblasts of a receptor subunit with an average Mr of 139,000. These studies show that the BSF-1 receptor on human cells has an extremely broad cellular distribution, while further supporting the notion that the ability of BSF-1 to mediate a spectrum of biological activities cannot be accounted for by overt differences in the receptor for this lymphokine on different cell lineages. PMID- 3496418 TI - T-independent and T-dependent steps in the murine B cell response to antiimmunoglobulin. AB - Sepharose-anti-Ig and purified populations of small, high-density B cells have been used to study the formation and function of B lymphoblasts. Sepharose-anti Ig converts small, Ia-poor B cells with a high-buoyant density to large, Ia-rich, B blasts with a low-buoyant density. We find that this response proceeds efficiently in the absence of IL-4 (BSF-1) as well as most T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Further development of the blasts requires an additional stimulus, such as LPS or the conditioned medium of stimulated EL-4 thymoma cells. Within 6 h, blasts begin to enter S phase and within 24 h most divide. At later times (48-72 h) most of the blasts are actively secreting IgM. Recombinant IL-1, 2, -3, and -4 have little or no effect on the B blasts, and a neutralizing mAb to IL-4 does not block the response to EL-4 Sn. We conclude that Sepharose-anti-Ig induces B cell blastogenesis in a T-independent fashion and that these blasts represent a highly enriched population of cells that respond to distinct, T cell derived lymphokines. PMID- 3496419 TI - Seeding of thymic microenvironments defined by distinct thymocyte-stromal cell interactions is developmentally controlled. AB - Seeding of distinct intrathymic microenvironments defined by direct thymocyte stromal cell interactions was correlated with T cell development in situ using radiation and nonradiation chimeras of Thy-1.1/1.2 congenic mice. The results identify associations of thymocytes with I-A- macrophages in the cortex as the earliest discernible cell-cell interactions during thymopoiesis. After a significant delay, this recognition stage is followed by concomitant interactions of T cells with I-A+ epithelial cells in the cortex and bone marrow-derived I-A+ dendritic cells in the medulla. All three types of T cell-stromal cell interactions occur after seeding of the intrathymic precursor cell subset and before development of mature medullary-type T cells. The seeding kinetics imply that recognition of cortical epithelial cells by thymocytes in situ represents a relatively late stage of cortical T cell development, whereas thymocyte-dendritic cell interactions denote a very early stage of T cell development in the medulla. The relative positioning of these cell-cell recognition stages during the course of T cell maturation pertains to a putative role of these microenvironments in selection and tolerization of the T cell repertoire. PMID- 3496420 TI - Developmentally regulated expression of T cell receptor beta chain variable domains in immature thymocytes. AB - A minor subset of immature (CD4-,8-) thymocytes that lack expression of the B2A2 antigen was found to express low levels of surface TCR protein as detected by mAbs F23.1 and KJ16 (reacting with protein products of the V beta 8 gene family). Interestingly, F23.1/KJ16 determinants were expressed on a two- to three-fold higher proportion of B2A2- thymocytes than mature lymph node T cells in four independent haplotypes. When expanded in short-term culture with PMA and calcium ionophore, B2A2- thymocytes retained their overexpression of F23.1/KJ16 determinants and showed a fivefold elevated level (relative to lymph node) of V beta 8-specific mRNA. Taken together, these findings suggest that expression of TCR V beta genes, like Ig genes, is developmentally regulated. PMID- 3496421 TI - Crosslinkage of B lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin by anti-Ig or antigen induces prolonged oscillation of intracellular ionized calcium. AB - Our results indicate that B lymphocytes stimulated with anti-Ig or antigen exhibit repetitive [Ca2+]i transients which persist for hours. The magnitude of these transients favors an important and ongoing role for [Ca2+]i elevation in antigen driven B cell activation. Repetitive Ca2+ transients may prove to be a prevalent mechanism of Ca2+ signaling. In preliminary experiments (with L. E. Samelson and R. D. Klausner), we have observed Ca2+ transients in cloned T cells stimulated with antigen. Woods et al. have described repetitive free Ca2+ transients in hepatocytes stimulated with extracellular ligands promoting glycogenolysis, and suggest that the intervals of base-line [Ca2+]i levels explain the absence of mitochondrial overload in chronically stimulated cells. These considerations apply equally to B lymphocytes and recommend caution in delineating the range of Ca2+-mediated functions by prolonged coculture of cells with Ca2+ ionophores. Our experiments were done in a simple recording chamber with one cell type. No cell interactions were observed. Given the variety of indicator dyes now available, the technical approach we present, augmented by a more sophisticated recording chamber, is a potentially powerful tool for examining the intrinsic, and T- or accessory cell-dependent, physiology of B cell differentiation. PMID- 3496422 TI - Cytochemical identification of human granulo-monopoietic colonies grown in agar gel. PMID- 3496423 TI - Interactions of sodium transport, cell volume, and calcium in frog urinary bladder. AB - The volume of individual cells in intact frog urinary bladders was determined by quantitative microscopy and changes in volume were used to monitor the movement of solute across the basolateral membrane. When exposed to a serosal hyposmotic solution, the cells swell as expected for an osmometer, but then regulate their volume back to near control in a process that involves the loss of KCl. We show here that volume regulation is abolished by Ba++, which suggests that KCl movements are mediated by conductive channels for both ions. Volume regulation is also inhibited by removing Ca++ from the serosal perfusate, which suggests that the channels are activated by this cation. Previously, amiloride was observed to inhibit volume regulation: in this study, amiloride-inhibited, hyposmotically swollen cells lost volume when the Ca++ ionophore A23187 was added to Ca++ replete media. We attempted to effect volume changes under isosmotic conditions by suddenly inhibiting Na+ entry across the apical membrane with amiloride, or Na+ exit across the basolateral membrane with ouabain. Neither of these Na+ transport inhibitors produced the expected results. Amiloride, instead of causing a decrease in cell volume, had no effect, and ouabain, instead of causing cell swelling, caused cell shrinkage. However, increasing cell Ca++ with A23187, in both the absence and presence of amiloride, caused cells to lose volume, and Ca++ free Ringer's solution (serosal perfusate only) caused ouabain-blocked cells to swell. Finally, again under isosmotic conditions, removal of Na+ from the serosal perfusate caused a loss of volume from cells exposed to amiloride. These results strongly suggest that intracellular Ca++ mediates cell volume regulation by exerting a negative control on apical membrane Na+ permeability and a positive control on basolateral membrane K+ permeability. They also are compatible with the existence of a basolateral Na+/Ca++ exchanger. PMID- 3496424 TI - Role of creatine kinase in force development in chemically skinned rat cardiac muscle. AB - The influence of phosphocreatine in the presence or absence of MgATP and MgADP was studied in Triton X-100-treated thin papillary muscles and ventricular strips of the rat heart. The pCa/tension relationships, the pMgATP/tension relationships, and the tension responses to quick length changes were analyzed. The results show three major consequences of the reduction of the phosphocreatine concentration in the presence of millimolar concentrations of the MgATP. (a) The resting tension and the maximal Ca2+-activated tension were increased, and the pCa/tension relationship was shifted toward higher pCa values and its steepness was decreased; these effects were enhanced by the inclusion of MgADP. (b) The time constant of tension recoveries after quick stretches applied during maximal activation was increased, while the extent of these recoveries was decreased. (c) The study of pMgATP/tension relationships in low Ca concentrations showed that the decrease in phosphocreatine induced a shift toward higher MgATP values with no changes in maximal rigor tension or the slope coefficient; these effects were increased by the increase in MgADP and were independent of the preparation diameter. Thus, modifications of the apparent Ca sensitivity and resting and maximal tension when phosphocreatine is decreased seem to be due to an increasing participation of rigor-like or slowly cycling cross-bridges spending more time in the attached state. These results suggest that endogenous creatine kinase is able to ensure maximal efficiency of myosin ATPase by producing a local high MgATP/MgADP ratio. PMID- 3496425 TI - The primary in vivo murine cytotoxic T cell response to the flavivirus, West Nile. AB - A protocol for obtaining cytotoxic T cell responses to the flavivirus West Nile (WNV) has been developed in vivo. CBA/H (H-2k) mice were immunized with 10(6) p.f.u. WNV intravenously and their spleen cells used directly in cytotoxic assays. This method reliably produced WNV-immune Tc cells which showed WNV specific cytotoxic activity on infected L929 (H-2k) target cells. There was inadequate lysis of infected targets by WNV-immune spleen cells when the m.o.i. was less than 100 p.f.u. WNV, or when tertiary mouse embryo fibroblasts, resident peritoneal macrophages or thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages were used as targets. Only L929 cells infected for 16 h with WNV at a m.o.i. of 100 were suitable targets. Cytotoxic activity against WNV-infected target cells was first detected 4 days after immunization, peaked on day 5 and declined rapidly after day 7. An immunizing dose of 10(3) p.f.u. of WNV was adequate for significant cytotoxicity to be detected; however, the cytotoxic response increased with increasing immunizing doses to plateau levels when 10(6) p.f.u. WNV were used. The cells responsible for lytic activity were H-2-restricted, Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, L3T4- and virus-specific with respect to WNV and influenza virus. PMID- 3496426 TI - A dopaminergic cell line variant resistant to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is known to cause parkinsonism by killing dopaminergic neurons; the toxic substance is a metabolite, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). PC12 cells, which are dopaminergic, are killed in culture by MPTP and MPP+ but at concentrations much higher than that required to kill affected neurons in vivo. However, at low concentrations (10-100 microM), MPP+ caused an increased production of lactate by PC12 cells. MPP+-treated PC12 cells exhibited decreased mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria from the treated cells respired normally in the presence of added succinate but not beta-hydroxybutyrate, a finding indicating that MPP+ inhibits the oxidation of some substrates selectively. MPP+ was more effective in killing the cells when glycolysis was reduced with 2-deoxyglucose or by lowering the glucose content of the culture medium. Under these conditions, MPP+ inhibited ATP synthesis and depleted cellular stores of ATP. A PC12 variant that is even more resistant to MPTP and MPP+ than are wild-type cells has been isolated. The MPTP-resistant variant is also more resistant to the lethal effects of oligomycin, antimycin A, and rotenone. This variant exhibited altered lactate production and mitochondrial respiration. It is suggested that some brain neurons that accumulate MPP+ without being killed by it may also have an energy metabolism somewhat different from that of more sensitive neurons. PMID- 3496427 TI - Immunological studies in patients with central nervous system tumors. AB - Impairment of cell-mediated immunity in patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors has repeatedly been reported but data to demonstrate the underlying immunological defect are not univocal. This report concerns a series of 31 patients harboring a glioma in which we studied: peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations by monoclonal antibody analysis; cellular responsiveness to mitogens; serum immunoglobulin values. The same parameters were also evaluated in 7 cases of intracranial meningioma and in 8 patients affected by non-proliferative, non-inflammatory CNS diseases. Thirty age-matched healthy volunteers formed the control group. Neither impairment of T-cells as regard to number, responsiveness and subsets, nor abnormal Ig values were found in these groups. However two patients, harboring respectively a third ventricle low grade astrocytoma and an anterior callosal glioblastoma, presented a striking T-cells impairment. These findings might suggest a correlation between hypothalamus and immune system, as already postulated by several previous experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 3496428 TI - Effect of barbiturate coma on glucose utilization in normal brain versus gliomas. Positron emission tomography studies. AB - Glucose utilization by normal and neoplastic cerebral tissue can be measured in humans using positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy D-glucose (FDG). Malignant gliomas are known to exhibit hypermetabolic glucose consumption compared to normal brain. Barbiturate-sensitive cerebral glucose utilization is coupled to neuronal activity, and lesions lacking neuronal activity should be relatively insensitive to barbiturate suppression of glucose utilization. In a study to examine this phenomenon, three patients with cerebral gliomas underwent FDG-PET while awake and during deep barbiturate coma. Cerebral glucose utilization was measured in normal brain, tumor, and a homologous, non neoplastic control site in the contralateral hemisphere. A glucose utilization ratio for tumor/control tissue was calculated. The mean reduction of glucose utilization during barbiturate coma was: gray matter 67%, white matter 47%, basal ganglia 66%, thalamus 57%, cerebellar cortex 55%, tumor 32%, and the contralateral control site 64%. The mean tumor glucose utilization ratio was 1.48:1 in the awake state and 2.69:1 during barbiturate coma. The changes in gray matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellar cortex, and tumor/control tissue ratio were significant (p less than 0.05). In one patient, deep tumor invasion not evident on computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or baseline FDG-PET was apparent during barbiturate-enhanced FDG-PET scanning. The study findings suggest that gliomas resist suppression of glucose utilization by barbiturates; this supports the hypothesis that barbiturates reduce neuronal metabolism by blocking synaptic activity. This differential effect on normal brain and gliomas enhances the capability to assess the extent of neoplastic tissue in brain and may represent the basis for novel therapeutic strategies. PMID- 3496429 TI - Cochlear nerve injuries caused by cerebellopontine angle manipulations. An electrophysiological and morphological study in dogs. AB - Changes in the response from the cochlear nerve in dogs resulting from cerebellopontine angle (CPA) manipulations were correlated with histological changes in the nerve. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying hearing deficits incurred as a result of manipulations in the CPA. Compound action potentials (CAP) were recorded from the cochlear nerve in response to click stimulation before, during, and after cerebellar and eighth nerve retractions were performed under anesthesia. The retractions were carried out to elicit different degrees of change in the latency and waveform of the CAP. About 30 minutes after completion of the manipulations, the dogs were perfused with a fixative and their cochlear nerves and brain stems were prepared for histological studies. The results showed that retraction of the eighth nerve caused a disintegration of the myelin sheath, and there were multiple and extensive foci of petechial hemorrhage and thromboses of the vasa nervorum of the cochlear nerve. In two dogs in which retraction was carried to a point at which the N2 peak of the CAP was abruptly obliterated, there was a separation of the central and peripheral myelin junction (Obersteiner-Redlich (OR) zone) and bleeding from the vasa nervorum at the OR zone. In the dogs in which the changes in the CAP had almost recovered before fixative perfusion, there were petechial hemorrhages within the cochlear nerve trunk, thus showing that improvement of electrophysiological responses may not always correlate with the absence of morphological changes. PMID- 3496430 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin in human brain tumors. AB - This study was undertaken to confirm the presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) in human brain tumors and to attempt to elucidate its significance. Seventy seven consecutive unselected patients with various brain tumors were entered in this study. The alpha 1-AT and alpha 2-macroglobulin contents of the tumor extracts were qualitatively assessed by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion techniques. Plasminogen activator (PA) activity was assayed electrophoretically on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. The patients were were divided into two groups according to the positivity of their tumors to alpha 1-AT. Sixty-eight percent of the tumors were positive for alpha 1-AT, and all specimens were negative for alpha 2 macroglobulin. Clinical and biological parameters obtained in all study patients failed to show statistically significant differences between the two groups with the exception of PA activity (p = 0.001), the peritumoral edema as seen on computerized tomography, and the preoperative serum fibrinogen level. These three parameters were higher in the group with specimens positive to alpha 1-AT. This study supports the hypothesis that alpha 1-AT is produced primarily by tumor cells in proportion to the regional proteolytic and inflammatory activity, and may protect the tumor cells. PMID- 3496431 TI - Patterns of gallium-67 scintigraphy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the AIDS related complex. AB - Thirty-two patients with AIDS related complex (ARC) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) underwent 67Ga scans as part of their evaluation. Three patterns of 67Ga biodistribution were found: lymph node uptake alone; diffuse pulmonary uptake; normal scan. Gallium-67 scans were useful in identifying clinically occult Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in seven of 15 patients with ARC who were asymptomatic and had normal chest radiographs. Gallium scans are a useful ancillary procedure in the evaluation of patients with ARC or AIDS. PMID- 3496432 TI - Gallium-67 scans of the chest in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Eighty-six [67Ga]citrate chest scans were performed in 71 adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Forty-five of these patients also had Kaposi's sarcoma. Only 29 of 57 abnormal scans were correlated with abnormal chest radiographs. Chest radiographs were negative for 27 scans and unavailable for one. Several scan patterns were seen. Diffusely increased lung uptake was seen most commonly with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but also other infections and noninfectious inflammatory conditions. Focal uptake corresponding to regional lymph node groups occurred most often with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare but aslo with lymphoma. Localized intrapulmonary uptake was seen in bacterial pneumonias. Perihilar activity occurred in two cases. When chest radiographs were abnormal and 67Ga scans negative, the most common diagnosis was pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3496433 TI - Metabolic and hemodynamic evaluation of gliomas using positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) was used on 16 patients with untreated cerebral gliomas to measure cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism, oxygen extraction, blood flow, and blood volume. In addition, pH values were obtained for seven cases. Gliomas were later proven by biopsy; two patients had tumors with degrees of malignancy of grade II, two patients had grade III, and 12 patients had grade IV tumors. Compared with homologous gray matter regions in the opposite hemisphere, tumor tissue showed increased blood volume, but decreased oxygen extraction and oxygen metabolism. Compared with grade II tumors, grade IV tumors demonstrated higher blood volumes, but lower relative oxygen extraction and utilization. Tumor blood flow was variable, but was lower in the higher grade tumors. Rates of glucose utilization in tumor, calculated by using individually determined rate constants, were variable, and did not correlate with tumor size or tumor grade. Parietal tumors (n = 6) tended to have higher relative glucose utilization and blood flow, and lower relative oxygen extraction, when compared with frontal tumors (n = 4). Tumor pH differed significantly from the pH in contralateral brain (p less than 0.005); alkalotic pH values were consistently seen. These findings in and around cerebral gliomas studied before intervention differ from the results found in gliomas after exposure to radiation or chemotherapy. PMID- 3496434 TI - No-carrier-added N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)spiroperidol: biodistribution in mice and tomographic studies in a baboon. AB - Two potential radioligands, no-carrier-added (NCA) N-(2 [18F]fluoroethyl)spiroperidol (3) and N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)spiroperidol (4) have been synthesized for PET imaging of dopamine receptors in humans. Compounds 3 and 4 were synthesized by N-alkylation of spiroperidol with NCA 1-bromo-2-[18F] fluoroethane (2b), 1-[18F]fluoro-3-iodopropane (2c) and 1-bromo-3 [18F]fluoropropane (2d) respectively. The biodistribution of 4 in mice showed that the mouse brain uptake of radioactivity was similar to that of [18F]-N methylspiroperidol (1.1% of the administered dose), but the activity in bone (femur) increased with time. The kinetic distribution of compound 4 in baboon brain was similar to that of [18F]-N-methylspiroperiodol, and the striatal accumulation of radioactivity was also blocked stereoselectively by butaclamol. The ratio of striatum to cerebellum radioactivities at 3 hr after injection was 5.9. Analysis of the metabolic stability of 4 in mouse brains for 1 hr indicated that, like [18F]-N-methylspiroperidol, it is relatively stable to metabolic transformation in the central nervous system. These results suggest that compound 4 may be a useful radioligand for PET studies of the dopamine receptor in humans. PMID- 3496435 TI - Interactive visual optimization of SPECT prereconstruction filtering. AB - A number of factors must be considered when forming a digital filter to two dimensionally filter single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) acquisition images. In an effort to provide subjectively optimal filtering, a program has been developed which provides "real-time" visual feedback. This allows a user to select from among a family of Metz filters tailored for the imaging conditions (i.e., formed to deconvolve scatter, septal penetration, and combined collimator and intrinsic spatial resolution losses). Also, a guideline for assisting the user in selecting from among the possible Metz filters has been formulated. This guideline is based upon knowledge of the probability distribution of the noise power spectrum, and consists of choosing the filter which has a value of 1.0 when the one-dimensional compression of the image power spectrum equals the 90% confidence limit for noise fluctuations. The program starts by filtering a planar reference image with the Metz filter computed for the radionuclide, collimator, magnification, and count-level of the image. This filter is displayed beside the image where it is overlayed on a plot of the logarithm of the one-dimensional compression of the image power spectrum. The user is then allowed to vary the filter parameters through movement of a joystick. By doing the filtering using an array processor, a new filtered image is formed and displayed less than a second after movement of the joystick. Visual feedback from the series of filtered images thus produced as well as the plots of the filter overlayed on the estimated blurred object power spectrum are used to obtain a visually "optimal" filter. The filter can be adapted to the visual preferences of the individual reader, and serves as a useful teaching tool on the effects of filtering. PMID- 3496436 TI - Acceptance testing and quality control of gamma cameras, including SPECT. AB - The measurement of several performance parameters of a scintillation camera at the time of installation and thereafter at regular intervals is necessary to ensure that the camera is operating within specifications and to detect changes over time that can initiate a request for service. There are varied opinions on what constitutes a satisfactory acceptance test and quality control program. Few individuals would disagree that either an acceptance test or routine quality control measurements are necessary, yet agreement on the contents and frequencies of these tests is lacking. This paper discusses the performance parameters of scintillation cameras that are usually measured for planar imaging and also for SPECT with rotating cameras. PMID- 3496437 TI - Effect of copper deficiency on erythrocyte membrane proteins of rats. AB - The effects of copper deficiency on the proteins of rat erythrocyte membranes were assessed by electrophoretic analysis. For 42 d, rats were fed diets containing less than 1 ppm Cu with 35 or 250 ppm Fe or 5 ppm Cu with 35 or 250 ppm Fe. Electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins indicated a significant increase in the amount of a 170,000-dalton protein in rats fed copper-deficient diets. High dietary iron reduced the amount of the 170,000-dalton protein in erythrocyte membranes from rats in both the copper-deficient and copper-adequate groups. However, feeding high dietary iron to copper-deficient rats did not reduce the amount of the protein to the level found in rats fed the copper adequate diet containing 35 ppm Fe. Triton X-100 extraction of erythrocyte membranes demonstrated that the 170,000-dalton protein was associated with the membrane cytoskeleton. Thus, copper deficiency possibly alters the cell's mechanical properties and consequently decreases erythrocyte survivability by modifying the membrane cytoskeleton. PMID- 3496438 TI - Occurrence of bacteria from blood, wounds, urine, and sputum of patients at a Veterans Administration Medical Center (1975-85). PMID- 3496439 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3496440 TI - [Vestibular afferent synaptogenesis in human fetuses]. PMID- 3496441 TI - Circulating immune complexes after DTP vaccination. PMID- 3496442 TI - Quantitative measurement of C-reactive protein in acute otitis media. PMID- 3496443 TI - Human serologic response to subcellular antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis organisms were processed by differential centrifugation to yield defined subcellular fractions. The various fractions were processed by methods to enhance solubility of membranes and other components. The soluble materials were analyzed for immunogenicity by a quantitative kinetic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (k-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) technique using human patient serum. The principal antibodies in the human serum were directed toward cytosol components, not against membrane components, although all fractions contained multiple antigenic moieties. PMID- 3496444 TI - [Delta 16-C19-steroid synthesis catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha hydroxylase/lyase)-linked oxygenase system involving cytochrome b5]. PMID- 3496445 TI - Correlation between auditory evoked responses in the thalamus and species specific call characteristics. I. Rana catesbeiana (Anura: Ranidae). AB - This evoked potential study of the bullfrog's auditory thalamic area (an auditory responsive region in the posterior dorsal thalamus) shows that complex processing, distinct from that reported in lower auditory regions, occurs in this center. An acoustic stimulus consisting of two tones, one which stimulates either the low-frequency or the mid-frequency sensitive population of auditory nerve fibers from the amphibian papilla and the other the high-frequency sensitive population of fibers from the basilar papilla, evoked a maximal response. The amplitude of the response to the simultaneous stimulation of the two auditory organs was, in some locations, much larger than the linear sum of the responses to the individual tones presented separately. Bimodal spectral stimuli that had relatively long rise-times (greater than or equal to 100 ms) evoked much larger responses than similar sounds with short rise-times. The optimal rise-times were close to those occurring in the bullfrog's mating call. The response was dependent on the waveform periodicity and harmonic content, with a fundamental frequency of 200 Hz producing a larger response than those with fundamentals of 50, 100 or 300 Hz. Six of the natural calls in the bullfrog's vocal repertoire were tested and the mating call and warning call were found to evoke the best responses. Each of these calls stimulate the two auditory organs simultaneously. The evoked response had a long refractory period which could not be altered by lesioning the efferent telencephalic pathways. The type of spectral and temporal information extracted by the auditory thalamic area suggests that this center is involved in processing complex sounds and likely plays an important role in the bullfrog's detection of some of its vocal signals. PMID- 3496446 TI - Radiosensitivity of mouse myeloid stem cells in culture after stimulation by macrophage colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 3496447 TI - The microsurgical triple clamp: a technique for microvascular grafting of short interposition grafts. AB - The microsurgical triple clamp has been developed for use when grafting arteries and veins. Advantages are that the grafting technique can be performed by one person, that the clamp anchors the graft so that quick yet accurate anastomoses can be performed, and that visualization of the back wall is possible throughout the anastomosis. PMID- 3496448 TI - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors in human and rat male sex glands. AB - The testis and prostate of men had two types of cysteine proteinase inhibitors of different isoelectric point (pI = 4.5 and 6.3) and molecular masses (90,000 and 12,000). The seminal vesicle contained not only these two inhibitors but also a basic inhibitor with a pI = 9.5 and Mr 11,000. In rats, the inhibitors in the testis and prostate consisted of two types with pI values of 4.3 and 4.8 and Mr 90,000 for both. In addition to these two inhibitors, the seminal vesicle contained large amounts of two basic inhibitors with pI values of 7.5 and 8.3 and Mr of 11,000 for both. We suggest that the basic cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in semen might be excreted from or be modified in the seminal vesicle. PMID- 3496449 TI - Hypothesis: lymphocyte trafficking in inflammatory rheumatic disease. A role for receptor mediated homing. AB - The entry of lymphocytes into normal lymph nodes occurs principally after their passage across postcapillary high endothelial venules. Nonlymphoidal tissues do not normally express high endothelial venules; however, in inflammatory rheumatic diseases associated with prominent lymphocyte accumulation (e.g., rheumatoid synovium), high endothelial venule-like structures are found and may facilitate local lymphocyte traffic. In mouse and man there are lymphocyte surface membrane homing receptors which determine lymphocyte binding to acceptor sites on lymph node high endothelial venules. The migration of lymphocytes from the circulation into inflamed nonlymphoidal tissues may be controlled by similar homing receptor mediated mechanisms. PMID- 3496450 TI - Regulation of interleukin-2 production in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was investigated using mononuclear cells from synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood of 12 patients with classical and active rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated IL-2 production by lymphocytes was observed in rheumatoid peripheral blood (5.3 +/- 10.9 units/ml) and SF (3.8 +/- 5.2 units/ml) compared to peripheral blood from 12 normal donors (18.1 +/- 15.4 units/ml) and SF from 5 patients with other rheumatic diseases (11.9 +/- 10.9 units/ml). Indomethacin, phorbol myristate acetate and irradiation of suppressor cells increased IL-2 values in rheumatoid SF and peripheral blood but did not restore normal IL-2 production. IL-2 production did not correlate with clinical activity in patients with RA. PMID- 3496451 TI - 2 dimensional flow cytometric analysis of activation antigens expressed on the synovial fluid T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Synovial fluid T cells expressed a higher percentage of all 3 activation antigens examined (anti-Ia antigen [HLA-DR]; antiinterleukin 2 receptor antigen [Tac], and antitransferrin receptor [TF-R] antigen) than the paired peripheral blood T cells obtained simultaneously from 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (p less than 0.001-0.05). A highly significant correlation was observed between disease activity and the percentage of Tac+ T cells in the synovial fluid from patients with RA (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3496452 TI - Familial systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for separate loci controlling C4 deficiency and formation of antibodies to DNA, nRNP, Ro and La. AB - A family has been identified in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island in which 2 sisters have systemic lupus erythematosus in a sibship of 14. Studies are reported on 11 of the siblings and 16 other family members. The affected siblings, and 4 other members of their sibship, are halfnull homozygotes for the C4A component of complement. We studied the distribution in family members of antibodies to ss and dsDNA, and to Ro(SSA), La(SSB), Sm and nRNP. Eight of 11 members of the affected sibship are antibody producers, compared to only 3 of 13 members of the parental generation. Our study provides further evidence for an association between null genes for C4A and familial lupus, and suggests, in an unusually large kindred, that several other genetic factors are involved in the production of antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 3496453 TI - B27 homozygosity and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The frequency of B27 homozygosity was determined in 100 patients with B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Six patients appeared to be B27 homozygous. The difference between the observed frequency of homozygosity of 6% and the expected frequency of 2.3% (from results on 725 blood donors) was not significant (p greater than 0.05). All 6 patients had moderate to severe disease. Subsequently, the families of 10 patients with AS were studied. The families were selected because 2 distinct B27 haplotypes were present. No difference was observed between the prevalence of AS in B27 homozygous or heterozygous family members. Although B27 homozygosity may have some influence on the severity of the disease, it does not increase the risk for AS even in families of patients with AS. PMID- 3496454 TI - Von Willebrand factor in Behcet's syndrome. AB - Plasma von Willebrand factor F VIII related antigen levels were elevated in 13 patients with Behcet's syndrome and vascular disease compared to 17 with Behcet's syndrome without vascular involvement and 23 healthy controls. As expected 12 diseased controls, 9 of whom had systemic sclerosis, had still higher levels of F VIII related antigen. PMID- 3496455 TI - Natural killer cell activity in dermatomyositis-polymyositis. AB - We examined the baseline natural killer (NK) function and its modulation by interleukin-2 (IL-2) in 16 patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM). Patients with active untreated disease had low baseline NK activity, while in patients with inactive and untreated disease, it was akin to the controls. Patient's cells with low NK activity responded less to IL-2 than those with normal NK activity. Studies at the single cell level revealed decreased target binding and killing cells with a normal recycling capacity. Our findings indicate an association between disease activity and decreased NK function in patients with DM/PM that could play a role in its association with malignancy. PMID- 3496456 TI - Classical rheumatoid arthritis associated with nondeforming relapsing polychondritis. AB - Two patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis and a mild nondeforming relapsing polychondritis are presented. DR4 antigen and depressed C4 levels were found and possible autoimmune mechanisms are discussed. The need for specific questioning to detect this rare association is proposed. PMID- 3496457 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis and HLA-B27 as susceptibility gene. PMID- 3496458 TI - Acromegalic arthropathy: a reversible rheumatic disease. PMID- 3496459 TI - Activated killer cell activity in lymph nodes. AB - The activated killer cell activity of cells from the perigastric lymph nodes (LNC) in patients with gastric carcinoma or benign lesions was assayed in comparison with that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). The cytotoxic activity induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activation in LNC from patients with either carcinoma or benign lesions was significantly decreased as compared to that in PBM, although the ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) in LNC was significantly increased. Therefore, the ability to generate cytotoxic cells after activation with IL 2 was examined, and decreased capacity in LNC was observed. In LNC, the proportion of OKT3+ cells was similar to that in PBM, with a prevalence of OKT4+ cells over OKT8+ cells. Also, the percentage of Leu-11+ cells was remarkably reduced. The results indicated that decreased levels of the activated killer cell activity, which might be partially attributable to the composition of lymphocyte subsets, existed in lymph nodes, and this might facilitate tumor metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 3496460 TI - Psoriasis as a complication of saphenous vein phlebectomy. PMID- 3496461 TI - Preliminary characterization by X-ray diffraction of crystals of photochemical reaction centres from wild-type Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. AB - Reaction centres from wild-type Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (strain Y) in a solution of octylglucoside have been crystallized with polyethylene glycol as precipitant, either by vapour diffusion or dialysis. Orthorhombic crystals (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1)) diffract to 3.5 A resolution. The unit cell parameters are a = 142.5 A, b = 141.5 A, c = 80 A; they are compatible with the presence of one reaction centre per asymmetric unit. PMID- 3496462 TI - Metabolic and ultrastructural abnormalities during ischemia in canine myocardium: noninvasive assessment by positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography allows the noninvasive assessment of regional myocardial blood flow and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to correlate N-13 ammonia uptake as a measure of regional blood flow and C-11 palmitate kinetics as a marker for fatty acid metabolism in ischemic canine myocardium using positron emission tomography. Furthermore, the metabolic results were compared with ultrastructural findings obtained in the same animal model. Regional ischemia was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery in a closed chest dog model. The three myocardial sites studied were the center and "border" of the ischemic segment as well as the control myocardium. C-11 palmitate uptake closely correlated with blood flow (r = 0.88). In the center of ischemia uptake of C-11 palmitate was decreased and clearance of C-11 activity significantly prolonged. In the "border" of the ischemic segment with only mild reduction of flow and C-11 palmitate uptake (approximately 20%) clearance halftime and residual activity were significantly different from control. The residual activity normalized for initial uptake of C-11 palmitate was highest in the "border" regions consistent with increased deposition of C-11 palmitate in lipid pools. The electron microscopic studies showed in 8 of 11 dogs lipid droplets as the only abnormality in corresponding segments with only mild reduction in microsphere blood flow. Thus, these data indicate the potential of metabolic imaging to characterize ischemia on a cellular level. Positron emission tomography provides a sensitive means to detect mild ischemia and to define extent and severity. Metabolic imaging may prove clinically useful to identify not only necrosis, but also myocardium at risk. PMID- 3496463 TI - Interleukin-1-like activity in rat brain: sources, targets, and effect of injury. AB - Extracts of injured rat brain contained molecules that shared biological and physiochemical properties with interleukin-1 (IL-1). Brain IL-1-like activity increased following brain injury in parallel with the increase in astrocyte and fibroblast mitogenic activity. After 3 days postlesion, it reached about 20 times the basal (noninjured) level. Monoclonal antibodies to human IL-1 inhibited this brain IL-1-like activity. One of the cellular sources of brain IL-1-like activity seems to be astroglial cells. Primary cultures of purified rat brain astrocytes secreted into the culture medium more IL-1 activity than comparable numbers of peripheral blood monocytes. Brain IL-1, as well as authentic monocyte IL-1, appear to act on brain glial cells, promoting thymidine incorporation into purified astrocytes in culture. PMID- 3496464 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on the synaptosomal uptake of [3H]MPP+, [3H]dopamine, and [14C]GABA. AB - The effects of ascorbic acid on the synaptosomal uptake of [3H]MPP+, [3H]dopamine, and [14C]GABA were examined in attempts to understand the mechanism of ascorbic acid attenuation of MPTP neurotoxicity. [3H]Dopamine uptake was increased at lower levels (0.01 and 0.1 mM) and decreased at higher levels (10 mM) of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid inhibited [3H]MPP+ uptake (IC50 = 0.1 mM) and [14C]GABA uptake (IC50 = 10 mM). Washout of ascorbic acid restored uptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H]MPP+, suggesting that ascorbic-acid-induced lipid peroxidation was not involved in the effect on uptake. In addition to the possible involvement of antioxidant mechanisms in the in vivo attenuation of the neurotoxicity of MPTP by ascorbic acid, the present results indicate a direct effect of ascorbic acid in inhibiting the uptake of MPP+ into dopaminergic nerve terminals. PMID- 3496465 TI - Long-term depressed immune function in patients splenectomized for trauma. AB - Peripheral blood from asplenic trauma patients (ASP) was analyzed for immunoglobulin concentrations, complement levels, T- and B-lymphocyte populations, and mitogen response of T cells, and compared to a similar analysis performed on the blood of normal controls (C). The interval from splenectomy to testing averaged 1,471 +/- 193 days (mean +/- SEM) in the ASP. Total lymphocyte count averaged 2,941 +/- 234 in the ASP with a T-cell count of 2,030 +/- 182 and a B cell count of 351 +/- 58. The average control lymphocyte count of 1,769 +/- 147 was significantly less than ASP (p less than 0.001) as were the T-cell count of 1,328 +/- 107 (p less than 0.005) and the B-cell count of 124 +/- 18 (p less than 0.001). Responses to PHA were diminished in ASP lymphocytes by 38% at 3 days (p less than 0.01) and by 49% at 5 days (p less than 0.001) when compared to C. Levels of IgM were significantly decreased (p = 0.05) in ASP. Levels of C3, C4, and C5 were similar in ASP and C. These data demonstrate persistent abnormalities in immune function in adult ASP without underlying lymphoreticular disorders and suggest a possible explanation for the increased septic risk in this patient group. PMID- 3496466 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of granular lymphocytes (GL) from patients with immunophenotypically homogeneous expansions of GL populations (GLE). AB - We studied the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (GL) from 19 patients with expanded populations of GL (GLE) of homogeneous surface immunophenotype. By definition, all patients had increased numbers of medium-sized lymphocytes with azurophilic granules, and neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and/or anemia. In all cases, the GL had an extended Golgi apparatus and prominent centrioles. Among cells from individual patients, the GL were homogeneous with respect to their granule morphology. GL containing parallel tubular arrays (PTA), commonly associated with GLE, were observed in 9 of 19 cases; granules containing scarce matrix with or without associated vesicles (SMG) were present in the remaining 10 cases. In all cases in which the cells had PTA, there was co-expression of CD3 and CD8, the T suppressor cell-associated phenotype, whereas only 4 of 10 cases with SMG expressed CD3 and CD8 (p less than 0.01, chi-square test). We conclude that the morphologic homogeneity of GL in individual patients with GLE differs significantly from the heteromorphism usually seen in reactive GL, and is consistent with, but not diagnostic of, a clonal proliferation of GL in persistent GLE. PMID- 3496467 TI - Efficacy and complications of transthoracic needle biopsy of lung in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and AIDS. AB - Transthoracic needle biopsy of lung was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in 16 patients with AIDS or suspected AIDS for diagnosing 18 episodes of possible P carinii infection. Diagnostic information was obtained in 15 of 18 cases. P carinii (10) and other infections agents (5) were diagnosed by TNB. The complications were pneumothorax in 44% (17% requiring chest tube drainage) and minor hemoptysis in 11%. Our incidence of pneumothorax following TNB in patients with diseases other than AIDS is 17% with 4.8% requiring chest tube drainage. Although TNB under fluoroscopic guidance is a cost-effective, rapid procedure with a high diagnostic yield, it is frequently complicated by pneumothorax in AIDS patients with diffuse pulmonary disease. This procedure should therefore only be performed in AIDS patients when transbronchial biopsy has failed to provide the diagnosis and prior to considering such patients for open lung biopsy. PMID- 3496468 TI - Management of tinnitus: a practical approach. AB - This paper presents our experience with 500 patients with intractable tinnitus who were referred to our tinnitus clinic during the past 10 years. We propose a management plan based on identification and classification of three types of tinnitus. We describe what a tinnitus clinic adds to patient care, with emphasis on how these treatment methods can be utilized in office practice. PMID- 3496469 TI - Experience in vibratory and electro-ejaculation techniques in spinal cord injury patients: a preliminary report. AB - More than 90 per cent of complete spinal cord injury patients have major fertility problems, depending upon the site and type of injury. During the last 5 years 34 patients were treated by vibratory and/or electrostimulation at our center, and semen was produced in all but 5. In 8 patients ejaculation was attempted by vibratory stimulation alone and in 22 electrostimulation also was used. Vibratory stimulation is the easier and less cumbersome of the 2 methods. No major side effects were noted with either technique. Stimulation was performed by a rectal electrode incorporated in a silicone finger glove with a current of 0.1 msec. in duration, a frequency of 30 Hz. and an average of 60 volts. Vibratory stimulation was applied to the frenulum and/or glans penis with a specially constructed vibrator at a frequency of 80 Hz. and a peak-to-peak oscillation of 1.6 to 2.4 mm. Semen obtained during the first 6 months after injury was not of a quality consistent with successful fertilization owing to poor motility. However, semen quality and motility were better in patients who had been injured for more than 6 months. Repeated electro-ejaculation did not improve the quality of semen. The effects of bladder outlet surgery and autonomic blockers were noted in 5 patients. PMID- 3496470 TI - Suppression and treatment of urinary tract infection in patients with an intermittently catheterized neurogenic bladder. AB - We evaluated the optimal means of prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections in 46 patients with an intermittently catheterized neurogenic bladder. Suppression with nightly 160 mg. trimethoprim and 800 mg. sulfamethoxazole compared to placebo showed no difference in the rate of symptomatic or total urinary tract infections. Symptomatic urinary tract infections occurred at the same rate whether routine asymptomatic infections were treated or not. Three-day antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections showed no decrease in the frequency of symptomatic or total urinary tract infections compared to 10-day therapy. The frequency of post-treatment urinary tract infection persistence, relapse and cure was identical in both groups. Suppressive antibiotics, treatment of asymptomatic urinary tract infections and full course antibiotic therapy offered no advantage over placebo, treatment of symptomatic urinary tract infection only and short course therapy in the management of urinary tract infection in patients with an intermittently catheterized neurogenic bladder. PMID- 3496471 TI - Immunizations, seizures, and subsequent evaluation. PMID- 3496472 TI - [Immunological studies of aging and the family in gastric cancer, with special reference to cell-medical immunity]. AB - Cell-mediated immunity of the aging and immune response in the family of gastric cancer have been investigated and the following results were obtained. Immune response particularly of cell-mediated immunity was found decreased in paralled with aging; decreases in peripheral lymphocyte and T-cell counts, rate of Con A and PHA induced blastoid transformation, and the tendency of increase in suppressor T-cell were noted. Investigations on the immune response in the family of gastric cancer revealed that cell-mediated immune response was recreased in the compared to age-matched healthy volunteers. These findings suggest that latent immunological failure may exist in the above family. PMID- 3496473 TI - [Immunoglobulin-E synthesis in lymphocytes in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3496474 TI - Antigenic phenotype of NIH 3T3 cell line. AB - The antigenic phenotype of the NIH 3T3 cell line was examined by use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and alloantisera specific for H-2 and several non-H-2 antigens. The binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens was examined by a complement-dependent microcytotoxicity test and indirect immunofluorescence quantitated by flow cytometry. The phenotype of the tested NIH 3T3 cell line was H-2q, Qa-2, Ly-6.2, Thy-1.2, Ly-23.2, and 9F 3+. The expression of H-2 antigens (Kq, Dq/Lq) was lower than that in the T-lymphocytes of the B10.Q (H-2q) strain, and the expression of Qa-2 was very low. From the Ly-6 complex, the antigen Ly m6.2A was strongly expressed, while Ly-m.6B, Ly-m.6C, and antigens ThB and H9/25 were not detected. A monoclonal antibody specific for the nonpolymorphic antigen 9F 3 brightly stained 100% of NIH 3T3 cells. Inasmuch as the NIH 3T3 immortalized cell line was developed from outbred NIH Swiss mice, a syngeneic recipient for this cell line does not exist. However, on the basis of the determined antigenic phenotype the host most compatible to NIH 3T3 cells can be selected for in vivo experiments, where an immunocompetent recipient is required. Two inbred mouse strains identical with NIH 3T3 cells in the antigens examined in this study, B10.Q and DBA/1, are of potential use for transplantation with NIH 3T3 cells. PMID- 3496475 TI - [Current status and developmental outlook of radiodiagnostic research in cardiology]. PMID- 3496476 TI - Intraglomerular T cells and monocytes in nephritis: study with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Intraglomerular T cells, monocytes, total leucocytes and other mononuclear subsets were sought in renal biopsies from patients with glomerulonephritis, using monoclonal antibodies and immunoperoxidase techniques. Twenty-four biopsies with no significant glomerular proliferation on optical microscopy, thirty-two with only endocapillary hypercellularity, and twenty-one with extra capillary crescentic glomerular disease were studied. Few intra-glomerular leucocytes were seen in the non-proliferative group. In contrast, when compared with this group, biopsies with glomerular hypercellularity and particularly those with crescents showed increased numbers of intra-glomerular total leucocytes and monocytes/macrophages, as well as an excess of T lymphocytes and T cytotoxic/suppressor cells; T helper/inducer lymphocytes were significantly increased only in the crescentic group. Only small numbers of B lymphocytes and NK cells were found in all groups. The numbers of total glomerular T-cells and monocytes per glomerular cross section were highly correlated in the crescentic group. Only idiopathic IgA nephropathy failed to show a significant increase in the numbers of intra-glomerular leucocytes, in comparison with the non proliferative group, Henoch-Schonlein purpura biopsies in contrast had an excess of both monocytes and T cell subsets. The finding of T lymphocytes as well as monocytes in glomeruli of proliferative nephritis suggests that cellular immune mechanisms may play a role in their pathogenesis, especially when crescents are present. PMID- 3496477 TI - Normal human serum also contains the lymphotoxin found in minimal change nephropathy. AB - We have studied serum-borne lymphotoxic activity in a large patient group with various forms of glomerulonephritis (GN). A potent inhibitor of lymphocyte blastogenesis was frequently demonstrable not only in patients with active minimal change nephropathy as has been previously described, but also in other forms of GN. The inhibitor was resistant to heating and prolonged storage but rendered ineffective by normal serum. We have been able to show for the first time, using gel filtration, that normal serum also contains the inhibitor. The inhibitor was shown to be highly avid for a receptor on leucocytes as judged by dose response experiments and by the ability of cell pellets to remove this activity. Gel filtration demonstrated a molecular weight in the range 60 to 160 kilodaltons. The combination of information regarding the biological properties of the inhibitor, its clinical occurrence and molecular weight suggests it to be distinct from any other well-described lymphotoxin. It's presence in normal serum in association with a self-regulatory factor and the known proclivity of minimal change nephropathy patients to infection, also indicate that the inhibitor may play an important role in immunoregulation. PMID- 3496478 TI - [Necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn infant--a review. 1. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathologic anatomy]. PMID- 3496479 TI - [Choice of the method for the surgical treatment of esophagogastric hemorrhage in the portal hypertension syndrome]. PMID- 3496480 TI - [X-ray endovascular surgery in treating profuse hemorrhage from esophageal varices in portal hypertension patients]. PMID- 3496481 TI - [Surgical procedure in gastric hemorrhage of a nonulcerative etiology]. PMID- 3496482 TI - [Rendu-Weber-Osler disease as a cause of profuse gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3496483 TI - [Regional electroanesthesia in complex rehabilitation measures after radical mastectomy]. PMID- 3496484 TI - [Intestinal hemorrhage caused by polyps of the large intestine]. PMID- 3496485 TI - [Changes in various immunologic indices in gout]. PMID- 3496486 TI - [Treatment of patients with hemophilia complicated by intestinal gangrene]. PMID- 3496487 TI - Effects of xenogeneic, allogeneic and isogeneic thymus grafts on lymphocyte populations in peripheral lymphoid organs of the nude rat. AB - In order to gain information about the effect of xenografted, allografted and isografted thymic tissue on peripheral lymphoid organs of immune-deficient rats, athymic nude LEW rats of ninth backcross-intercross were grafted with fetal calf and neonatal BDIX and LEW thymus. Adrenalectomy was also performed in some animals in order to obtain a possible enhancement of the immunological reconstitution. Both groups of isogeneic-thymus-grafted animals had more T helper cells than the nude controls. Furthermore, they had more densely populated paracortical areas in the inguinal lymph nodes and higher lymphocyte counts in the thoracic duct lymph. Finally, the inguinal lymph nodes contained germinal centres. Xenogeneic and allogeneic thymus transplants did not induce constant changes in the parameters observed compared with the untreated nudes. No clear difference was observed between the adrenalectomized and non-adrenalectomized thymic-isografted animals. We therefore conclude that of all the experimental animals examined the isografted nude rats show by far the best response and that adrenalectomy seems unnecessary for the success of neonatal isogeneic thymus grafts. We also conclude that the isogeneic-thymus-grafted nude rat is a suitable tool for immunological reconstitution studies. PMID- 3496488 TI - An alternative method for the decontamination of rats carrying Mycoplasma pulmonis without the use of germfree isolators. AB - Two strains of Lewis rat were successfully freed from Mycoplasma pulmonis infection by using a combination of oral treatment with oxytetracycline hydrochloride and obtaining young by hysterectomy. Laminar flow cabinets were used to perform hysterectomies on donor animals and for rearing hysterectomy derived animals. After thorough microbiological examination the rats were brought to the breeding colony of the Laboratory Animal Centre. Periodic laboratory tests using both cultural and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods showed that the animals have remained free from M. pulmonis for the last 3 years. PMID- 3496489 TI - The sedative effects of climazolam and climazolam with fentanyl-fluanisone in rats (Rattus norvegicus). AB - A trial of the sedative effects of a novel benzodiazepine, climazolam, and of a mixture of climazolam and fentanyl-fluanisone was undertaken in male and female Sprague Dawley and Lewis strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) of different ages. At the recommended intravenous therapeutic dosage of 0.25 mg/kg, climazolam sedated the rats but failed to inhibit the righting reflex or responses to painful stimuli. Even at 25 times the recommended dosage, there was no anaesthetic effect. Predictable and satisfactory surgical anaesthesia was not obtained with the mixture of climazolam and fentanyl-fluanisone administered intraperitoneally. In contrast with diazepam and midazolam, climazolam failed to potentiate the sedative analgesic properties of fentanyl-fluanisone: indeed many animals retained their tail and pedal pinch reflexes. The results also revealed significant differences in effect related to strain and age but not to sex. PMID- 3496490 TI - Tonsillar epithelial dendritic cells. Demonstration by lectin binding, immunohistochemical characterization, and ultrastructure. AB - The association of tonsillar epithelium with lymphoid tissue suggests a functional relationship in the generation of local immune responses analogous to skin. Therefore, we investigated this epithelium for the presence of dendritic cells similar to epidermal Langerhans cells. Clusters of tonsillar epithelial dendritic cells (TEDC) were revealed by binding of the lectin peanut agglutinin, a feature not previously directly demonstrated for this cell type. Similar to epidermal Langerhans cells, TEDC showed immunoreactivity for antibodies to S-100, T6, and Ia antigens. Ultrastructurally, TEDC had features most similar to epidermal indeterminate cells. In addition, the tonsillar epithelium showed regional variation in the types of intraepithelial lymphocytes present. Surface epithelium contained T cells predominantly of helper/inducer phenotype, while the crypt epithelium contained a mixture of B cells, plasma cells, and T cells of both helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes. These findings, together with the demonstration of TEDC, suggest that the tonsillar epithelial microenvironment, like skin, provides a site of cell-cell interactions important in initiating immune responses. PMID- 3496491 TI - Morphologic analysis of the interactions between lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cloned cytotoxic T cells and virus infected targets. AB - The interactions between lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and virus infected targets have been examined by electron microscopy. CTLs, which were readily differentiated from target cells by the presence of cytoplasmic granular inclusions, made intimate contact with infected cells. Some CTLs contacted infected cells via numerous interdigitating processes; others were observed thrusting finger-like protrusions deep into the target cell; some were seen with their plasma membranes lying closely opposed to that of the infected cell. The majority (55%) of bound CTLs had their Golgi apparatus oriented towards the target cell and 42% of bound CTL had granular inclusions in close proximity to the contact zone. Evidence is presented which suggests that the contents of the granular inclusions are released by CTLs in contact with infected cells. Granules appeared to be released close to the target cell rather than from random sites on the CTL surface. Examination of supernatants from effector-target cell incubation mixtures by negative staining revealed membranes bearing lesions with an internal diameter of approximately 15 nm. PMID- 3496492 TI - Impact of fire ant sting morbidity in South Carolina. PMID- 3496493 TI - Atypical presentation of disseminated tuberculosis--a case report. PMID- 3496494 TI - Recipient growth and nutritional status following transplantation of segmental small-bowel allografts. AB - Concerning small-bowel transplantation in children, the question arises whether a segmental small-bowel graft from an adult donor would permit normal growth of the young recipient. Orthotopic small-bowel transplantation was performed in 4- to 6 week-old Lewis rats weighing 100-135 g. The entire small bowel of the recipient was replaced with an intestinal allograft consisting of the entire small bowel (N = 6), the jejunum (N = 6), or the ileum (N = 6) from adult Brown Norway rats. Immunosuppression with cyclosporine (15 mg/kg im) on alternate days for 4 weeks achieved graft acceptance of indefinite duration. Six and twelve months after transplantation, all recipients demonstrated normal global nutritional parameters (hematocrit, serum albumin) and gained weight at a rate comparable to that for age-matched controls. Nutritional deficiencies did not become apparent clinically. By 10 to 12 months, the levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A and E) were reduced significantly in recipients of segmental grafts. Vitamin B12 levels were also reduced but not significantly. Fecal fat was significantly elevated in all rats with grafts (3.2 +/- 1.0 to 4.8 +/- 0.9 g fat/100 g stool; controls, 1.8 +/- 0.4), but the increase was most pronounced in those with jejunal grafts (4.7 +/- 0.9). This was paralleled by a reduction in serum triglyceride levels in all transplanted rats, a reduction which reverted to normal by 10 to 12 months for rats with entire small-bowel grafts but not for those with segmental grafts. Graft biopsy demonstrated normal intestinal architecture with villus hyperplasia of segmental grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496495 TI - Retrograde air embolization in coronary operations. AB - Observations during coronary operations are presented that prove that if the ascending aorta is cross-clamped and suction applied to the left side of the heart or to the aortic root for venting purposes, the pressure rapidly drops in the coronary arterial system and a situation is created in which air may enter through the coronary arteriotomy and pass into the aortic root and the left ventricle. Another mechanism to explain the occurrence of some cases of "iatrogenic" air embolism has also been presented: introduction of air into the ascending aorta while cardioplegic solution is being injected through peripherally attached bypass grafts. Air trapped in these grafts or in the coronary artery itself may propagate proximally as well as distally in the coronary arteries and may reach the aortic root even if the left side of the heart is left unvented. These mechanisms may be responsible for heretofore unexplained cases of "iatrogenic" air embolization. We recommend careful purging of air, which may be present, from the left ventricle and aortic root every time before the aortic cross-clamp is removed during coronary operations. PMID- 3496496 TI - Emergency coronary bypass grafting for evolving myocardial infarction. Effects on infarct size and left ventricular function. AB - Emergency aorta-coronary bypass grafting was performed early in the course of evolving myocardial infarction in 48 patients. The time interval between the onset of symptoms and reperfusion was 169 +/- 80 minutes. Quantitative assessment of postoperative thallium 201 myocardial scans in 19 patients revealed a significant salvage of myocardium after surgical reperfusion: The size of the residual infarction was less than 50% of that in a matched, medically treated, prospective control group (n = 39) (p less than 0.05). Postoperative equilibrium gated radionuclide blood pool studies (technetium 99m) showed an enhanced recovery of regional and global ejection fraction after operation as compared to after medical treatment (p less than 0.05). Ultrastructural evaluation of biopsy specimens obtained during the operation delineated subendocardial necrosis in the majority of cases (72%), but subepicardial necrosis was found in only 6% of instances. Q-wave abnormalities were observed on the postoperative electrocardiogram in 50% of cases. Operative mortality was 0% in low-risk patients (i.e., hemodynamically stable condition, n = 26) and 18% in high-risk patients (i.e., cardiogenic shock including total electromechanical dysfunction, n = 22). Survival rate at 18 months was 92% +/- 4%, and 95% +/- 4% of the survivors were event free. It is concluded that early surgical reperfusion of evolving myocardial infarction limits infarct size significantly, enhances functional recovery, and may be a lifesaving operation in patients having cardiogenic shock associated with unsuccessful resuscitation. PMID- 3496497 TI - Aorta-coronary bypass grafting with polytetrafluoroethylene conduits. Early and late outcome in eight patients. AB - During 1982 and 1983 we performed aorta-coronary bypass grafts on eight patients using 4 mm polytetrafluoroethylene conduits and predominantly the multiple sequential graft technique. Angiography was performed 1 week postoperatively and seven of eight patients had patent grafts and were angina free. At 1 year's follow-up 18 of 28 distal anastomoses were patent and five of eight patients were angina free. At 45 month's follow-up four of 28 distal anastomoses were patent and one of eight patients was angina free. PMID- 3496498 TI - Atresia of the left main coronary artery: repair with left internal mammary artery bypass. AB - The case of a 17-month-old child with atresia of the left main coronary artery and mitral insufficiency is presented. The child underwent two separate surgical procedures, the first being a left internal mammary-left anterior descending coronary artery bypass and plication of the mitral valve. During the follow-up period the mitral insufficiency progressed, and the child subsequently underwent mitral valve replacement with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. A selective study of the left internal mammary demonstrated excellent flow into the left coronary artery system. The report illustrates the use of the left internal mammary artery in a small child. PMID- 3496499 TI - The curative effect and mechanism of action of the acupoints pishu and weishu. PMID- 3496500 TI - Effect of electro-acupuncture on electroconvulsive shock in rat: physiological observation and spectral analysis of EEG. PMID- 3496501 TI - Peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cell analysis in esophagus and head and neck cancer. AB - We show a significantly decreased number of OKT3+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood (PB) of cancer patients mainly due to a reduced number of OKT4 cells. OKT8 cells were also somewhat reduced. The numbers of DR+ and interleukin-2 receptor bearing T-cells were significantly increased in patients. The tumor-infiltrating cells included OKT4+ AND OKT8+ lymphocytes. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of activated T-cells in PB and in tumor, as shown by DR and interleukin-2 receptor expression. PMID- 3496502 TI - [T lymphocyte subpopulations, markers of the HTLV III virus and immunoglobulin levels in asymptomatic homosexuals of the Barcelona area]. PMID- 3496503 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma with massive intestinal hemorrhage in a drug addict with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3496504 TI - [The nodal and extranodal lymphoid follicular mantle: physiological considerations and relation to lymphoid neoplasms]. PMID- 3496505 TI - [Bacteremia and pelvic abscess caused by Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 3496506 TI - [Ischemic pancreatitis after profuse hemorrhage in cesarean section]. PMID- 3496507 TI - Vestibular ototoxicity of gentamicin assessed by the recording of a short-latency vestibular-evoked response in cats. AB - The short-latency vestibular-evoked response (VsER) and the auditory brain stem response (ABR) were recorded with scalp electrodes in four cats before, during, and after systemic administration of gentamicin. The VsER was altered and later disappeared in three cats, and in one cat it became asymmetric, typical of a unilateral vestibular lesion. In all cats the ABR was unaffected and remained normal through the end of the experiment 4 months later. Histopathological examination of the temporal bones of three cats showed severe damage to the vestibular end-organ, particularly in the summit of the cristae, but in lesser amounts in the hair cells on the slopes of the cristae and in the maculae. In one cat, the pathological condition was greater in one ear, corresponding to the asymmetry in the VsER records. This new method of inducing and recording the VsER has been demonstrated by the present study to be an effective tool for experimentally assessing vestibular end-organ and nerve function in animal models. Furthermore, these results indicate that the VsER is generated in the vestibular labyrinth, most probably by the cristae of the semicircular canals. PMID- 3496508 TI - Vestibular "masking": a diagnostic technique. PMID- 3496509 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a 21-hydroxylase defect--determination of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 3496510 TI - Size heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor in human body fluids. AB - We measured the concentration of immunoreactive (IR) hEGF in various body fluids by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and evaluated its size heterogeneity by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography combined with RIA or with time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA). Mean concentration was 80 ng/ml in urine, 65 ng/ml in milk, 50 ng/ml in seminal plasma, 25 ng/ml in armpit sweat, 1 ng/ml in breast sweat, 0.3 ng/ml in third-trimester amniotic fluid, 3 ng/ml in saliva, 1.5 ng/ml in tears and 0.3 ng/ml in gastric juice. All the fluids except armpit sweat and gastric juice contained two to five molecular sizes of IR-hEGF. As well as the 6200-dalton (6.2 kDa) hEGF we found at least four other different molecular sizes with approximate weights of greater than or equal to 300, 150, 70 and 20 kDa. The authentic 6.2 kDa form made up greater than 90% of the total IR-hEGF in all except the amniotic fluid where its proportion was 71%, and the seminal plasma where the proportion could not be determined. PMID- 3496511 TI - Behavioral activation by CRF: evidence for the involvement of the ventral forebrain. AB - Rats injected intracerebroventricularly with corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) at the level of the lateral ventricle or cisterna magna showed a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. The increase in locomotor activity from injections of CRF into the cisterna magna was blocked by a cold cream plug in the cerebral aqueduct. An identical plug failed to block the increase in locomotor activity produced by CRF injected into the lateral ventricle. Intracerebral injections of CRF produced a site specific increase in locomotor activity with the largest increases observed from CRF injected into the substantia innominata/lateral preoptic area. Results suggest that the locomotor activating effects of CRF may be due to an activation of CRF receptors in the ventral forebrain, a region rich in CRF cell bodies and projections. PMID- 3496512 TI - Hemodynamic action of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the isolated rat heart. AB - The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on heart rate, coronary flow, pressure development, and time to ischemic contracture were studied in the isolated, perfused rat heart. A bolus of CGRP (2640 pmols) caused significant increases in heart rate and coronary flow; these effects were sustained for at least five minutes after injection. The increase in coronary flow was independent of heart rate, since CGRP caused an increase in coronary flow in non-beating (potassium-arrested) hearts. The dose-response of CGRP was studied using five doses (65, 218, 658, 1320 and 2640 pmols) given as bolus injections. Although the increase in heart rate was apparently dose-dependent, significant increases above baseline were observed only with the two highest doses. In contrast, coronary flow increased significantly above baseline with the injection of all but the lowest dose of CGRP. Ten minutes after injection of CGRP, all hearts were made ischemic. The time to onset of ischemic contracture was approximately 11 minutes for those hearts that received 65 pmols of CGRP; however, for those hearts receiving all other doses of CGRP, the time to onset of contracture was approximately 8 minutes. We conclude that CGRP significantly decreases the resistance of the coronary vascular bed, and that it may be an important regulator of regional blood flow in the heart. PMID- 3496513 TI - [Use of computer systems in radionuclide diagnosis]. PMID- 3496514 TI - [Reflexotherapy in psychiatric practice]. PMID- 3496515 TI - Entrapment of animal cells. PMID- 3496516 TI - Measurement of capillary gas chromatography of mass changes in myo-inositol trisphosphate. PMID- 3496517 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular calcium mobilization. PMID- 3496518 TI - Muramyl dipeptide induced augmentation of the proliferative response of thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin. AB - N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) augmented the proliferative response of thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The augmenting effect of MDP disappeared by passage of glass-nonadherent thymocytes through Sephadex G-10 (G 10) column or by removal of low density cells by the Ficoll-Conray gradient centrifugation. The diminished augmenting effects of MDP on the proliferative response of glass-nonadherent-G-10 nonadherent thymocytes was restored by the addition of the G-10 adherent cells. When G-10 adherent cell fraction was extensively depleted of macrophages by glass adherence and EA-rosetting, it was found that neither the macrophage-depleted G-10 adherent cell fraction nor the macrophage fraction supported by itself the proliferative response of G-10 nonadherent thymocytes. However, addition of macrophage fraction together with the macrophage-depleted G-10 adherent cells did support the proliferation of G-10 nonadherent thymocytes. It was further shown that peritoneal exudate macrophages could be substituted for thymic macrophage fraction. These results suggested that both the G-10 adherent-glass nonadherent cells and macrophages were essential for the MDP-induced augmentation of the proliferative response of thymocytes to PHA and these cells exerted different accessory roles in this response. PMID- 3496519 TI - Urinary infection and Haemophilus species. PMID- 3496520 TI - Errors in cerebral blood flow determinations by xenon-enhanced computed tomography due to estimation of arterial xenon concentrations. AB - Errors in the determination of xenon concentrations in arterial blood during inhalation of xenon-oxygen mixtures are used to assess errors in the derivation of regional cerebral blood flow by the xenon-enhanced computed tomography (CT) method. The results of this study indicate that approximating the arterial buildup by a single exponential introduces relatively small errors in estimated flow values. The most significant systematic error is introduced by errors in estimation of the xenon arrival time to the brain in relationship to sequential (CT) scanning times. PMID- 3496521 TI - [The trichorhinophalangeal syndrome with exostoses. Description of a case]. PMID- 3496522 TI - [Dopamine effects on plasma catecholamine levels following aorto-coronary bypass graft]. PMID- 3496523 TI - Identification of a human gene (HCK) that encodes a protein-tyrosine kinase and is expressed in hemopoietic cells. AB - We have isolated cDNAs representing a previously unrecognized human gene that apparently encodes a protein-tyrosine kinase. We have designated the gene as HCK (hemopoietic cell kinase) because its expression is prominent in the lymphoid and myeloid lineages of hemopoiesis. Expression in granulocytic and monocytic leukemia cells increases after the cells have been induced to differentiate. The 57-kilodalton protein encoded by HCK resembles the product of the proto-oncogene c-src and is therefore likely to be a peripheral membrane protein. HCK is located on human chromosome 20 at bands q11-12, a region that is affected by interstitial deletions in some acute myeloid leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders. Our findings add to the diversity of protein-tyrosine kinases that may serve specialized functions in hemopoietic cells, and they raise the possibility that damage to HCK may contribute to the pathogenesis of some human leukemias. PMID- 3496524 TI - [HLA-B27 associated spondyloarthritis in childhood]. AB - Ankylosing spondylitis, indefinite juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSA), reactive arthritides, psoriasis arthritis, arthritis of inflammatory bowel disease, and probably other rare diseases, such as the Behcet-syndrome, are sharing several distinctive features which discriminate them as a group from other arthritides, particularly from the rheumatoid arthritis in children (JRA) and adults. These distinctive features are: familial aggregation; association with HLA-B27; enthesopathy, sacroiliitis; predominance of Lower-Limb-arthritis; onset mostly after the age of 10 years, and typical manifestations of the skin and mucous membranes. Based on these characteristics and the probability of a later involvement of the spine, this group of diseases has been designated "HLA-B27 associated spondyloarthritides". Two thirds of all cases do not fit in any of the well-known spondyloarthritides. In this subgroup, designated as JSA, the disease begins usually with oligoarthritis and/or enthesopathy, and based on further clinical criteria it can early be distinguished from the JRA. The diagnosis of the other spondyloarthritides can be established primarily or later on follow-up, based on further characteristic symptoms and findings. In the differential diagnosis of arthritis in children, one third do have a spondyloarthritis and about one half do have JRA. This differentiation is of an important therapeutic and prognostic value, e.g. the slow-acting drugs are effective in JRA but not in spondyloarthritis, and in patients with axial manifestations, the early education and training for correct posture is important to prevent the development of kyphosis. PMID- 3496525 TI - [1981-1983 breast feeding studies of 1,500 mothers in Dortmund and Haltern. I. Collectives studied and rates of breast feeding in the maternity ward]. AB - Rates of breast-feeding were studied in collectives of 998 mothers (Dortmund) and 500 mothers (Haltern) in two large maternity wards encouraging breast-feeding. In both hospitals the collectives were representative for the population in the surrounding region. Mothers were asked to take part in the study as they were admitted. Response rates were 99%. Age and parity of mothers in Dortmund were in agreement with population statistics, whereas in the Haltern collective there was a smaller proportion of younger mothers. The collective in Haltern had a slight edge with respect to social background. The different types of delivery had the same percentages in both wards. Birthweight was on the average 100 g higher in Haltern neonates. There were no differences in mean length. In both wards feeding on demand was practised during the rooming-in period during daytime, whereas at night infants were bottle-fed on demand in the infant's room. In Haltern supplementary formula feeding was offered more liberally. In Dortmund 92%, in Haltern 97% of the mothers tried to breast-feed; only 5% and 2% respectively were unsuccessful. Mothers who did not want to breast-feed (8% and 3% respectively) rarely mentioned relevant obstacles as a reason for their decision. On discharge 80-90% of the mothers were breast-feeding, with only about one half of them fully breast-feeding. Caesarean section was hardly detrimental to initiation of breast feeding, but often to success. PMID- 3496526 TI - Is isoflurane best for the cerebral circulation? PMID- 3496527 TI - Protamine administration: untoward responses and their mechanisms. PMID- 3496528 TI - Anesthetic problems in joint replacement surgery. PMID- 3496529 TI - Cardiac dysfunction in alcoholics. PMID- 3496530 TI - The relationship of dyspnea on exertion to stress-induced thallium-201 lung uptake. PMID- 3496531 TI - Fibromyxoma of the stomach. PMID- 3496532 TI - Tympanostomy tubes for chronic serous otitis media: a literature review. PMID- 3496533 TI - A dissent on "Medical ethics: the Jewish point of view". PMID- 3496534 TI - Pap smears for elderly women. PMID- 3496535 TI - L-methionine catabolism in trichomonads. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis growing in complex medium produced volatile thiols at a rate of 0.7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1 and the parasite suspended in PBS with L methionine excreted volatile thiols, including methanethiol, and alpha-keto acid. Cell-free extracts of the parasite also produced volatile thiols from L methionine, at the rate of 5.4 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. Thiol production was not detectable with living cells or cell-free extracts of Tritrichomonas foetus, Trichomitus batrachorum or Pentatrichomonas hominis and homogenates of a range of trypanosomatids and mouse liver also failed to produce volatile thiols from L methionine. Approximately equimolar concentrations of alpha-keto acid and volatile thiols were produced from L-methionine by cell-free extracts of Trichomonas vaginalis; the release of ammonia, however, was not detectable. The parasite enzyme catabolised a range of substrates and was inhibited by several compounds, including bithionol and DL-propargylglycine. Parasites grown in the presence of 10(-5) M DL-propargylglycine had no detectable L-methionine catabolising enzyme activity. These findings indicate that T. vaginalis is significantly different from other trichomonads, a range of trypanosomatids and mouse liver in L-methionine catabolism, and that the parasite enzyme responsible for the breakdown of L-methionine in T. vaginalis appears to be similar in several ways to bacterial L-methionine-gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11) and trichomonal homocysteine desulphurase (EC 4.4.1.2). PMID- 3496536 TI - Haemophilus influenzae infections following licensure of the Hib vaccine. PMID- 3496537 TI - Activated T-lymphocyte subsets in Graves' disease. PMID- 3496538 TI - Association between lupus psychosis and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies. AB - In 18 of 20 patients with psychosis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins were detected by immunoblotting and measured with a new radioimmunoassay using a synthetic peptide as antigen. The frequency of anti-P was not increased in patients with other central nervous system manifestations of SLE (3 of 20, by radioimmunoassay), in patients with transient behavioral abnormalities due to SLE (none of 8), in patients with psychosis who did not have SLE (none of 13), or in normal controls (none of 20). In four of five paired serum samples, anti-P-peptide antibody levels increased 5 fold to 30-fold during the active phase of lupus psychosis. Longitudinal studies of anti-P activity in two patients with psychosis revealed that anti-P levels increased before and during the active phases of psychosis but not during sepsis or other exacerbations of SLE, and that the elevations were selective for anti-P antibodies, as opposed to anti-DNA antibodies. Longitudinal studies of anti-P activity in two patients with anti-P but without psychosis showed less than threefold changes in anti-P levels despite exacerbations of disease. We conclude that anti-P is associated with lupus psychosis and that synthetic peptide antigens may be useful for the detection and measurement of autoantibodies to intracellular proteins. PMID- 3496539 TI - Role of sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin system in hemodynamic state after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3496540 TI - A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily--CTLA-4. AB - The immunoglobulin superfamily is a group of proteins, each made of one or several domains sharing key structural features with either the variable (V) or the constant (C) immunoglobulin domains. It includes such functionally important members as the immunoglobulins themselves, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules. Several members of this superfamily are expressed on lymphocytes where they are membrane-bound and capable of interactions with other members of the family, thus taking part in cell-cell recognition. In screening mouse cytolytic-T-cell-derived cDNA libraries, we came across cDNA clones defining a sequence, CTLA-4, which could encode a 223-amino-acid protein clearly belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It consists of one V-like domain flanked by two hydrophobic regions, one of which has a structure suggestive of membrane anchoring. CTLA-4 is mainly expressed in activated lymphocytes and is coinduced with T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inducible models of this process. The mouse ctla-4 gene maps to band C of chromosome 1. PMID- 3496541 TI - HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in seropositive individuals. AB - Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which kill virus-infected cells are thought to be a major host defence against viral infections. Here we report the existence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CTL in persons infected with this virus, the aetiological agent of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Recombinant HIV-vaccinia viruses were used to express HIV antigens in B-cell lines established from subjects seropositive for HIV and seronegative controls. Circulating lymphocytes capable of killing HIV env-expressing autologous B cells were detected in eight of eight seropositive subjects; in addition, at least three seropositive subjects demonstrated gag-specific cytotoxic responses. No HIV-specific cytotoxicity was observed in seronegative subjects. Selective inhibition of the env-specific cytotoxicity by a CD3-specific monoclonal antibody indicates that the effectors are T cells. This demonstration of a cytotoxic T-cell immune response to HIV in infected individuals should prove useful in investigating the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection further and in evaluating AIDS vaccine strategies. PMID- 3496542 TI - AIDS virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in lung disorders. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is implicated in the development of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). HIV infection leads to the generation of HIV-specific thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes in humans and apes. We describe an experimental system permitting the quantitative and systematic analysis of HIV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Functional, HIV-specific CTL are obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) from the lungs of seropositive patients with lymphocytic alveolitis. These alveolar CTL: (1) recognize and kill HIV-infected alveolar macrophages in vitro under autologous, but not heterologous, conditions; (2) correspond to standard CTL as they express the CD3 and CD8 surface markers, but not the CD4 marker; and (3) are restricted by class I HLA transplantation antigens in their cytotoxic activities. We propose the hypothesis that interactions between HIV-specific CTL and infected macrophages induce major inflammatory reactions in seropositive patients. PMID- 3496543 TI - [Psoriasis in Kobner's sign]. PMID- 3496544 TI - [Compulsory reporting of diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b?]. PMID- 3496545 TI - [Increase in the efficiency of parallel fiber synapses on Purkinje cells of the frog after simultaneous activation of climbing and parallel fibers]. AB - Ability of the Purkinje cells to long-term plasticity changes after joint stimulation of parallel and climbing fibres has been studied in the isolated cerebellum-medulla oblongata preparation of frog. 18 neurons have been chosen on the ground of the presence of clearly identifiable monosynaptic response to parallel fibre stimulation and stability of the background activity within two hours. These neurons belonged to three distinct categories: those having the clear climbing fibre response, those having the climbing fibre-like response and those without the climbing fibre response. The neurons of the first group showed a significant increase of the ability to respond to parallel fibre stimulation after joint stimulation of both types of fibres. The stimulating current strength which was necessary for the Purkinje cell firing index 1/2 was reduced after conditioning procedures in this neuron group to 0.7 of its original value. There were no substantial changes in parallel fibre stimulation efficiency in two other neuron groups. PMID- 3496546 TI - Antigenic phenotype of LEW rat lymphatic leukemia. AB - LEW rat lymphatic leukemia/lymphoma was antigenically phenotyped by means of W3/13, OX7, P4/16 and F 17-23-2 MoAbs. T-cell lineage related markers were proven to be expressed by leukemia cells. AAS prepared in congenic rat strains have shown the following pattern: alpha RT1 (MHC) AAS directed against RT1 antigenic specificities both "public" and "private" gave positive reactions with 100% of leukemia cells, all cross-reacting AAS directed against "public" specificities only, reacted positively too with 17-100% of leukemia cells and no alien specificities have been detected when LEW antisera were tested. The expression of RT5 differentiation antigen was proved on leukemia cells by means of alpha RT5 congenic AAS. T-cell differentiation antigen RT6 was also detected by means of alpha RT6 AAS with closely similar specificity as MoAb P4/16 which also positively reacted with KPH-Lw-I cells. Leukemia T-cell origin is also supported by the absence of class II antigens (F 17-23-2 MoAb) and SIg receptors. A presence of leukemia/lymphoma associated antigen was indicated by AAS absorption analysis. PMID- 3496547 TI - [Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986. Award for oral biology studies]. PMID- 3496548 TI - [AIDS and dentistry. Pathogenesis and transmission of HIV-infections]. PMID- 3496549 TI - [AIDS and dentistry. History, general diagnosis and medical care--an overview]. PMID- 3496550 TI - Clinicopathological study of patients with mesangial isolated C3d deposition in various glomerular diseases. AB - The clinicopathological findings of isolated mesangial C3d deposition in the absence of other complement components or immunoglobulins are summarized. 55 out of 242 individual human renal biopsies examined by immunoperoxidase microscopy had isolated C3d deposition. This group consisted of 12 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, 8 with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, 32 with benign recurrent hematuria, 2 with Bartter's syndrome and 1 with Raynaud's syndrome. None of these patients had a disorder of the renal function and in all the patients the disease took a benign clinical course. Light-microscopic findings indicated injuries ranging from minor glomerular abnormality to mild diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, and there were no other remarkable findings such as cellular crescents, global sclerosis or interstitial infiltration. By immunoperoxidase microscopy, fine granular deposits of C3d were identified only in the mesangium, and arteriolar C3 staining was seen in 31 of the 55 patients. In 38 of the 42 patients examined by electron microscopy, electron-dense deposits were identified in the mesangial matrix. These findings suggest that isolated C3d deposition is a new entity with benign features both clinically and pathologically. PMID- 3496551 TI - [Spontaneous disappearance of cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst: report of a case]. AB - A case of a cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst spontaneously disappeared is reported. A 1-year-and-11-month old boy was suffered from sudden onset of left facial palsy. CT scan demonstrated dilatation of left internal auditory canal and a cystic lesion in the left cerebellopontine angle. Neurological examination disclosed only left facial palsy and left hearing loss. There was no signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. He was followed up by CT scan. Repeated CT scan showed non-enhanced cystic lesion, the attenuation value of which was similar to that of cerebrospinal fluid. The cyst expanded gradually, and the brain stem was severely compressed. Then operation was planned under the diagnosis of left cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst about 2 years after the onset. But CT scan performed before operation showed disappearance of the cyst. Without operation the patient was followed by CT scan. There is no recurrence of the cyst. Natural history of arachnoid cyst will be well understood with repeated CT scan. PMID- 3496552 TI - Neuronal organization underlying visually elicited prey orienting in the frog--I. Effects of various unilateral lesions. AB - We have studied the effects on frog orienting behavior of three lesions: unilateral optic nerve section, unilateral tectal lobe ablation, and unilateral transverse hemisection of the neuraxis at a level just caudal to the optic tectum. Unilateral optic nerve section and unilateral tectal lobe ablation produce very similar deficits in visually elicited responses to prey items, an absence of responses for stimuli at locations within the monocular field of one eye. Unilateral hemisection, in contrast, results in abnormalities in visually elicited responses over a wider area, encompassing the entire ipsilateral visual hemifield. The hemisection deficit also differs in character from that following optic nerve section or tectal lesion. Within the affected hemifield, frogs do not fail to respond to stimuli but rather respond with abnormally directed movements. The movements, regardless of stimulus eccentricity on the horizontal, are always forwardly directed. While not varying with horizontal eccentricity, the movements do vary with stimulus elevation and distance. The variation with stimulus distance in the affected hemifield is somewhat different from that in the opposite hemifield. We conclude from the behavior that remains after hemisection lesions that there must exist bilateral descending tectofugal paths capable of triggering movements which vary with stimulus elevation and distance, and a crossed descending tectofugal path capable of triggering turns into one visual hemifield. That the deficit area is larger following a hemisection than following tectal lobe ablation indicates that the hemisection has affected the ability of both tectal lobes to trigger turns in one direction. A possible interpretation of this finding is that the lesion has interrupted not only the crossed descending tectofugal path from one tectal lobe but an uncrossed descending tectofugal path from the other. This hypothetical pathway as well as the others mentioned is incorporated in a model of the organization of the post-tectal circuitry involved in orienting. PMID- 3496553 TI - Neuronal organization underlying visually elicited prey orienting in the frog- II. Anatomical studies on the laterality of central projections. AB - A complete transverse hemisection of the neuraxis just caudal to the optic tectum in the frog, Rana pipiens, results in a failure to orient toward stimuli in one visual hemifield [Kostyk and Grobstein (1986) Neuroscience 21, 41-55]. The extent of the deficit area implies disturbances in the outputs triggered by both tectal lobes. In this paper we report studies aimed at determining more precisely what damage is involved in producing the hemisection deficit, with the broader objective of identifying particular neural structures which may be important in visually elicited orienting. Small lesions at the level of the hemisection which are restricted to the ventromedial white tracts result in an orienting deficit identical to that produced by a complete hemisection. Large lesions which spare the ventromedial white tracts are without significant effect on orienting turns. The finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the hemisection deficit results from interruption of tectal outflow paths. Interestingly, partial damage of the ventromedial white tracts does not result in disconnection of any local tectal region from premotor circuitry but instead systematically alters the turns triggered from all tectal regions. Ventrolateral lesions at the same level do not produce deficits in orienting but do disturb optokinetic behavior. Introduction of horseradish peroxidase into ventromedial lesions produces retrograde labeling in a large number of structures both rostral and caudal of the lesion. Labeling patterns following introduction of horseradish peroxidase into ventrolateral lesions, which do not affect orienting turns, were qualitatively similar but differed quantitatively. The observed patterns of tectal cell labeling make it unlikely that the hemisection deficit can be accounted for in terms of interruption of direct projections deriving from complementary regions of the two tectal lobes. They also indicate that if there exists an uncrossed tectal outflow adequate to trigger orienting turns, it must be by way of an indirect projection. A more general analysis of the labeling patterns suggests that a crossed tectal projection and uncrossed projections from three midbrain tegmental nuclei (the anterodorsal tegmental nucleus, the nucleus profunds lateralis and the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus) are likely to be involved in triggering orienting turns. The three midbrain tegmental nuclei are of particular interest in that they provide possible anatomical substrates for an indirect uncrossed descending tectal outflow path. PMID- 3496554 TI - Neuronal organization underlying visually elicited prey orienting in the frog- III. Evidence for the existence of an uncrossed descending tectofugal pathway. AB - A complete transverse hemisection of the neuraxis just caudal to the optic tectum in the frog, Rana pipiens, results in a failure to orient toward stimuli in one visual hemifield [Kostyk and Grobstein (1986) Neuroscience 21, 41-55]. This finding indicates that each tectal lobe gives rise to a crossed descending pathway adequate to cause turns in a direction contralateral to that tectal lobe, and suggests that each may also give rise to an uncrossed descending pathway adequate to cause turns in the ipsilateral direction. To determine whether there is in fact such an uncrossed pathway, we have studied the orienting behavior of frogs after lesions which interrupt crossed pathways. Two groups of animals were studied. In one group we made midline lesions of the ansulate commissure, through which run the major crossed descending projections from both tectal lobes. In the other group, we combined a complete transverse hemisection with removal of the tectal lobe on the same side of the brain, leaving intact only an uncrossed pathway from one tectal lobe. A persistence of orienting turns was observed in both groups of animals. In both, the direction of the turns was that expected on the assumption that an uncrossed pathway would cause ipsilateral turns. We conclude that such a pathway exists. While both groups of animals turned in the expected directions, they did so for stimuli at unexpected locations. Increasingly eccentric stimulus locations to one side of the mid-sagittal plane were associated with increasing amplitude turns to the other. The observation suggests that tectal regions mapping areas of visual space to one side of the mid sagittal plane are capable of triggering turns not only in that direction but in the opposite direction as well. In the case of ansulate commissure section, mirrored orienting responses were observed for tactile stimuli as well. These and other behavioral anomalies described in the preceding papers [Kostyk and Grobstein (1986) Neuroscience 21, 41-55 and 57-82] suggest that between the topographic retinotectal projection and the premotor circuitry for orienting there may exist an intermediate processing step, one in which stimulus location is represented in a generalized spatial coordinate frame. PMID- 3496555 TI - Metabolic and clinical correlates of acute ischemic infarction. AB - We studied cerebral metabolism, anatomy, and clinical status in 36 patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Results from FDG-PET were compared with CT to find the relationships between the metabolic, anatomic, and clinical findings. Metabolic abnormalities seen on PET frequently were more extensive than the corresponding CT findings. The pattern of metabolic abnormality was significantly related to both the type of clinical syndrome and the degree of eventual recovery. No such relationships were found for the CT results. We conclude that studies of cerebral metabolism are of value in establishing prognosis after acute cerebral ischemia. Also, knowledge of the patterns of cerebral dysmetabolism provides a powerful means for the localization of clinical function. PMID- 3496556 TI - Lesions of the putamen: their relevance to dystonia. AB - Two patients with acquired dystonia were studied by computed imaging techniques and found to have lesions predominantly involving the putamen. The implications of these findings are discussed, and it is concluded that, for the genesis of dystonia, a relative increase of other inputs to the pallidum may be important, such as those from the caudate and subthalamic nuclei. PMID- 3496557 TI - Rate of ventricular enlargement in dementia of the Alzheimer type correlates with rate of neuropsychological deterioration. AB - We studied twelve men and six women with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and twelve healthy men at intervals of 6 months to 5 years. In the male DAT patients, mean CT rates of enlargement of third ventricle and of total lateral ventricular volumes differed significantly from zero and exceeded respective control values (p less than 0.05). The rate of neuropsychological decline correlated with rates of enlargement of the third ventricle or right lateral ventricle. Women with DAT also had significant rates of enlargement of the third and total lateral ventricles. The rate of lateral ventricular dilatation discriminated DAT patients from controls. PMID- 3496558 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed ipsilateral intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 3496559 TI - [Short-term evaluation of the patient operated on for aorto-coronary bypass by the exertion test]. PMID- 3496560 TI - [Treatment of tinnitus with the TENS stimulator in cervico-arthrosis patients. Preliminary results]. AB - The combination of ear buzzing and cervical arthrosis is frequently encountered in both ENT practice and physiatry. A group of 16 patients presenting this combination was therefore selected. After a series of ENT and physiatric tests the patients were subjected to audiological and radiographic examination in order to exclude any pathologies different from the two under study. Each patients was then subjected to a cycle of 12 periauricular TENS sessions and was examined at the end of the cycle and one month later. Brief bibliographical notes on this subjects are presented and the results obtained are reported and discussed. PMID- 3496561 TI - [Synergism of effect between phytohemagglutinin, interleukin 2 and methotrexate on the protidosynthetic activity of human lymphocytes]. PMID- 3496562 TI - [Preventive therapy with programmed-release dihydroergotamine in headache in childhood]. PMID- 3496563 TI - [Inapparent eye diseases as a cause of headache]. PMID- 3496564 TI - [Immunologic approach in cluster headache]. PMID- 3496565 TI - Trigeminal motoneurons with disparate dendritic geometry innervate different muscle groups in the frog. AB - Cobalt labelling revealed two, morphologically different types of neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus innervating masticatory muscles and the levator bulbi muscle, respectively. As far as their neuronal morphology is concerned, levator bulbi motoneurons differed from all other motoneurons of the brainstem. They could not be found in lizards and rats; and the levator bulbi muscle was also absent in these animals. This motoneuron group is compared with the accessory abducens nucleus which innervates the retractor bulbi muscles, and is present only in animals which possess this muscle group. PMID- 3496566 TI - Microbiologic and serologic studies of Gardnerella vaginalis in intra-amniotic infection. AB - Our objective was to investigate the role of Gardnerella vaginalis in intra amniotic infection by use of comparative, quantitative cultures on selective media and by detection of maternal antibody response. Amniotic fluid was collected from patients with intra-amniotic infection and from matched control women. In addition to media for aerobes, anaerobes, and mycoplasmas, we used V agar-selective (Remel, Lenexa, KS) to isolate G vaginalis. Acute and convalescent maternal sera were collected and assayed for antibodies by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prepared against whole cells of G vaginalis. Gardnerella vaginalis was isolated in the amniotic fluid of 24 (28%) of the 86 patients with intra-amniotic infection, but this was not significantly different from the isolation rate in amniotic fluid of 86 matched controls (21%). No patient exhibited G vaginalis bacteremia. The ELISA performed on paired sera of selected patients showed that 25 had intra-amniotic infection (eight G vaginalis positive, 17 negative), and 18 were asymptomatic (seven G vaginalis-positive, 11 negative). The amount of G vaginalis antibodies detected by ELISA in acute sera was similar in all four groups. Mean changes during convalescence were small (.053-.084 optical density units) and not significantly different. Although G vaginalis is found commonly in amniotic fluid of patients with intra-amniotic infection, the data do not support a pathogenic role for this organism; however, a facilitating role in polymicrobial infection cannot be excluded. PMID- 3496567 TI - Pregnancy after tubo-ovarian transplantation. AB - A rat model was developed for microsurgical en bloc vascularized adnexal isografts and allografts. Transplantation of the fallopian tube and ovary from donors to syngeneic, bilaterally tubo-oophorectomized recipients was technically successful in six of eight animals, and four litters of healthy offspring were delivered at 44, 45, 85, and 105 days after transplantation. Twelve tubo-ovarian allografts using cyclosporine for immunosuppression resulted in seven viable grafts and three pregnancies. Cyclosporine at 15 mg/kg/day was found to be teratogenic, but normal progeny were delivered when the dose was lowered to 5 mg/kg/day during pregnancy. These results suggest that microsurgical tubal transplantation with an appropriate immunosuppressive regimen warrants further investigation as potential treatment for certain infertility problems in the human. PMID- 3496568 TI - Suprachoroidal hemorrhage: no longer a disaster. PMID- 3496569 TI - Vitrectomy and fluid infusion in the treatment of delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage after combined cataract and glaucoma filtration surgery. AB - I report the successful treatment of one case of massive, delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage that occurred after combined intracapsular cataract extraction and trabeculectomy. Significant vitreous incarceration in the filtration site and consequent vitreoretinal traction were present so that a limbal approach anterior vitrectomy was necessary before choroidal drainage could be accomplished safely. An infusion of balanced salt solution through a limbal infusion cannula was employed during vitrectomy and also during drainage of suprachoroidal blood. The simultaneous intravitreal infusion helped to create an efficient, controlled choroidal drainage procedure. In addition to relieving vitreoretinal traction, this technique helps prevent the periods of extreme hypotony experienced when choroidal drainage and anterior chamber reformation are accomplished serially in step-wise fashion. This use of this method also obviates the compromised view of the peripheral retina which occurs when air is introduced into the vitreous cavity. PMID- 3496570 TI - Methylcellulose as a vehicle for intraocular agents in infectious endophthalmitis. PMID- 3496571 TI - Growth factors induce actin disruption in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. AB - Exposure of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells to platelet-derived growth factor, nerve growth factor or epidermal growth factor resulted in a time- and dose-dependent alteration in the distribution of actin stained by rhodamine phalloidin. These growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor of 80 ng/ml, nerve growth factor of 10 ng/ml or epidermal growth factor of 10 ng/ml) caused disappearance of actin filaments from the peripheral region of a cell in 1 or 2 h and change of cell configuration to spindle shape in 3 or 4 h. Other growth factors, fibroblast growth factor of 10 ng/ml and insulin of 25 mumol/ml had no effect on actin distribution. The alteration of actin and the change of cellular shape might be associated with stimulation of cell growth and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells. PMID- 3496572 TI - Animal experiments on the role of T lymphocytes in the course of antineoplastic chemotherapy. II. Chemotherapy and T lymphocyte depression. AB - Inbred 'Strain 2' guinea pigs bearing an intradermally growing and already lymphogenetically metastasized solid tumor ('Line 10') were successfully treated by multiple intralesional chemotherapy. The animals developed tumor-specific immunity. Depression of T lymphocyte function abolished the curative effect of this therapy. After treatment with antilymphocyte serum or cyclosporin A all animals receiving intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatinum or low-dose vincristine showed progressive tumor growth. Immunosuppression with antilymphocyte serum or cyclosporin A did not interfere with high-dose vincristine treatment. PMID- 3496573 TI - Clinical features of cisplatin vestibulotoxicity and hearing loss. AB - Patients treated with cisplatin were observed in an otoneurological study with special reference to cochlear and vestibular toxicity. Toxicity-related symptoms appeared to be almost all transient. As with leukopenia, hearing loss and dizziness often occurred after several weeks of administration. In the equilibrium examinations, some abnormal findings such as spontaneous nystagmus and positional nystagmus were seen. Caloric tests and body sway tests detected abnormal findings in the early stages of cisplatin-related vestibulotoxicity. PMID- 3496574 TI - Effect of a long-term treatment with the aminosuberic analog of eel calcitonin on osteocalcin in Paget's disease. PMID- 3496575 TI - Advancements in the neuroimaging of the spinal cord. AB - A review is presented concerning the recent developments in neuroimaging techniques of the spinal cord. The present role of computed tomography with Metrizamide myelography, digital subtraction angiography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging is specifically analysed. PMID- 3496576 TI - Functional electrical stimulation: current status and future prospects of applications to the neuromuscular system in spinal cord injury. AB - Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a means of eliciting activation of the nervous system in order to elicit either a therapeutic or functional effect. The results of research performed over the past 10 years has provided a scientific knowledge base for clinical studies. The results of clinical studies demonstrate the viability of utilising FES to restore function to the spinal injured individual. This article focuses on applications to the neuromuscular system which are relevant to the care of these individuals. PMID- 3496577 TI - Peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation dynamics during Trypanosoma congolense infection in Boran and N'Dama cattle: an analysis using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) with specificities for bovine leucocyte subsets were used in conjunction with routine haematological procedures to analyse sequential changes in peripheral blood leucocyte populations during the course of tsetse fly-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense infection in trypanotolerant N'Dama and trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. Subsequent to the first parasitaemic wave, the N'Dama cattle maintained packed cell volumes (PCV) above 22 and lower levels of parasitaemia than Boran throughout the 160 days of the experiment. In contrast, the Borans developed severe anaemia and required curative drug therapy (i.e., PCV dropped to less than 15) by 55 days (range: 22 55 days) post infection. There were significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in total white blood cells and total lymphocytes from pre-infection levels to the first peak of parasitaemia (day 16 post-infection) in both groups. Flow cytometric analyses using MoABs revealed that this change was due to an absolute decrease in T cells expressing BoT2 and either BoT4 or BoT8, surface immunoglobulin M-positive (sIgM+) B cells, and null cells which did not express T cell, B cell or monocyte markers. During this period there was significant variation over time, but no overall increase or decrease, in the number of cells expressing class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules or monocyte markers, or in the number of circulating neutrophils or eosinophils. The BoT4/BoT8 ratios were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in both groups of infected animals at the first peak of parasitaemia. After day 22 in the infected N'Damas and in the Borans which required drug therapy, there was a leucocytotic response characterized by an increase in the total number of B cells, T cells, and null cells. Prior to infection and throughout the course of the experiment N'Dama cattle had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher numbers of B cells and null cells than Boran. PMID- 3496578 TI - Lateral electrical surface stimulation treatment for scoliosis. PMID- 3496579 TI - Human lactoferrin stimulates thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat crypt cells. AB - In a search for dietary factors that might stimulate enterocyte proliferation, we developed an assay for thymidine incorporation into DNA using harvested crypt cells from mature rat small intestine. Human colostrum stimulated a significant increase in thymidine incorporation into rat crypt cell DNA during a 60-min period of incubation. When the protein with biological activity was purified to a single peak by sequential ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, it was found to have the characteristics of lactoferrin. The protein was identical to lactoferrin standards by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and double-diffusion immunologic precipitation. All available human lactoferrins stimulated thymidine uptake and all reacted with a lactoferrin polyclonal antibody. Human lactoferrin appears to be a potent activator of thymidine incorporation into DNA in incubated rat crypt cells, a nutritional function not previously reported. PMID- 3496580 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency as a cause of neonatal hepatitis]. PMID- 3496582 TI - [Phenotypic characteristics of the intensity of acetylation in children with acute viral respiratory infections]. PMID- 3496581 TI - Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen detection in children at risk for occult bacteremia. AB - We prospectively evaluated pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen detection in serum and urine of young (3 to 30 months of age) febrile (temperature greater than or equal to 39 degrees C) children at risk for occult bacteremia. Patients with septic shock, meningitis, or epiglottitis were excluded. Of 576 patients, 16 had pneumococcal bacteremia (final diagnoses: primary bacteremia, nine; otitis media, four; pneumonia, two; unknown, one), and five had H influenzae b bacteremia (final diagnoses: primary bacteremia, two; cellulitis, two; arthritis, one). Latex agglutination was positive in all five patients with H influenzae b bacteremia (positive in three of three urine specimens, three of four sera tested) but only one of 16 patients with pneumococcal bacteremia (positive in one of seven urine samples, zero of 13 sera tested). Both assays had specificities of greater than 95%. Nonspecific agglutination occurred in 7% of specimens tested. Enzyme immunoassay for pneumococcal antigen, although more sensitive than latex agglutination, failed to detect antigen in ten sera and three urine specimens from patients with pneumococcal bacteremia. Thus, neither latex agglutination nor enzyme immunoassay was sufficiently sensitive for detection of occult pneumococcal bacteremia. Latex agglutination for H influenzae b holds promise as a sensitive and specific test for rapid diagnosis of occult bacteremia due to H influenzae b. PMID- 3496583 TI - [Immunological shifts and changes in the kallikrein-kinin system in viral hepatitis in children and their correction]. PMID- 3496584 TI - Aversion to daytime illumination in patients with congenital achromatopsia. AB - The aversion to daytime illumination in patients with congenital achromatopsia is not well understood. In the present study, we used a magnitude estimation procedure to compare the perceived brightness for 5 congenital achromats and for seven normal subjects. Contrary to the patients' beliefs, results suggest patients' brightness estimates are similar to those of normal subjects. PMID- 3496585 TI - [Sugiura's operation in the treatment of hemorrhaging esophageal varices]. AB - Rebleeding, the long time high occurrence of encephalopathy and the impairment of hepatic function in the successful cases have led to increasing dissatisfaction in the last years with portasystemic shunt procedures. In the past 12 years we have operated on 14 children for bleeding esophageal varices using the Sugiura procedure (esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization); in two cases the entire procedure was performed through the thoracic approach. We had no mortality. Complications include bleeding in the early postoperative period in two children and partial leakage from the esophageal suture in two others. Patient follow-up has been between 16 months and 11 1/2 years with an average of 6 1/2 years. The long term controls have been gratifying in 12 patients with disappearance of the varices and no evidence of rebleeding, esophageal strictures, gastroesophageal reflux, encephalopathy or impairment of the hepatic function; in two other patients the operations was unsuccessful. In our opinion the Sugiura procedure should be the elected operation in the surgical treatment of esophageal varices bleeding in pediatric age, after an attempt with sclerotherapy. PMID- 3496586 TI - [Autoimmune thyroid pathology. Study and follow-up of pediatric case reports]. AB - Eight children with Graves' disease and five children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis admitted to the Pediatric Department of the University of Trieste in the period 1980 to 1985 have been reviewed. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical course of autoimmune thyroid diseases and to evaluate the frequency of HLA haplotypes and immunological abnormalities in the affected patients and in their family members. Antithyroid microsomal antibodies were observed in 87.5% of the hyperthyroid patients and in 13.3% of their siblings and parents, in all the patients affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in 18.18% of their first degree relatives. HLA A1-B8 was found to be associated with Graves' disease, HLA B35 was linked to chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Using monoclonal antibodies for enumeration of the subsets of T lymphocytes a deficit in suppressor T-cells was demonstrated in subjects affected by autoimmune thyroid diseases as in other immunological disorders. PMID- 3496587 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis and immunologic disorders]. AB - The authors describe a "boiled baby", 17 months aged. The condition started acutely as an intense erythema that quickly progressed to blistering. The clinical appearance and symptomatology evoked a scalded skin. The entire cutaneous surface suffered the process. The lesions appeared after herpes infection and were followed by knee arthritis and bronchial pneumonia. Laboratory patterns showed immunologic disorder. PMID- 3496588 TI - Immunopathogenic mechanisms in type II collagen autoimmune arthritis. PMID- 3496589 TI - [Compartmentalized T-cell activation in active sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3496590 TI - [Difficulties in the early diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 3496592 TI - The study of panic disorder using positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) is a brain imaging technique which safely provides quantitative, regional measurements of biochemical and physiological processes. Because of its capabilities, PET is well suited to the study of psychiatric disorders. Among psychiatric disorders, panic disorder is especially well suited for study. Since anxiety attacks can be precipitated by biological agents, blocked by anti-panic medications, and studied in a laboratory setting, PET can be used to investigate the elements necessary for the generation and treatment of anxiety attacks. Recently, we employed PET to identify several abnormalities in a sub-group of patients with panic disorder. Patients with panic disorder who were vulnerable to lactate-induced anxiety attacks had abnormal hemispheric asymmetries of parahippocampal blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen metabolism; abnormally high whole brain metabolism; and abnormal susceptibility to episodic hyperventilation. This article reviews the current concepts of panic disorder; it provides an introduction to the components, capabilities and limitations of PET; and it describes the strategy now being employed at Washington University to investigate the neurobiology of panic disorder. PMID- 3496591 TI - [Chorionic gonadotropin as a modulator of cell interaction in the induction of the primary immune response]. AB - The authors studied the effect of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) on the formation of a primary immune response and interactions of T- and B-lymphocytes in the realization of a humoral response to sheep erythrocytes in CBA and E1 (CBA X C57BL/6) mice. CG at a dose of 40 U. significantly increased the amount of antibody forming cells (AFC) whereas at a dose of 200 U. it made no significant effect on a primary immune response. The injection of chorionic gonadotropin (40 or 200 U.) to mouse donors of T-cells did not influence their ability for cooperative interactions. At the same time administration of the hormone to donors of B-cells reduced their ability for cooperation in the system of syngeneic transfer. CG injection of lymphoid cells to recipient mice caused an increase in AFC formation and the dose of 40 U. was more effective than the dose of 200 U. Possible mechanisms of the CG effect on immunogenesis were discussed. PMID- 3496593 TI - Insurance company experience with coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3496594 TI - Molecular cloning of the human gene for von Willebrand factor and identification of the transcription initiation site. AB - A series of overlapping cosmid genomic clones have been isolated that contain the entire coding unit of the human gene for von Willebrand factor (vWf), a major component of the hemostatic system. The cloned segments span approximately 175 kilobases of human DNA sequence, and hybridization analysis suggests that the vWf coding unit is approximately 150 kilobases in length. Within one of these clones, the vWf transcription initiation site has been mapped and a portion of the vWf promoter region has been sequenced, revealing a typical "TATA box," a downstream "CCAAT box," and a perfect downstream repeat of the 8 base pairs containing the transcription start site. Sequencing of a segment of another genomic clone has revealed the vWf translation termination codon. Where tested, comparative restriction analysis of cloned and chromosomal DNA segments strongly suggests that no major alterations occurred during cloning and that there is only one complete copy of the vWf gene in the human haploid genome. Similar analyses of DNA from vWf-producing endothelial cells and nonexpressing leukocytes suggest that vWf gene expression is not accompanied by gross genomic rearrangements. In addition, there is significant homology of C-terminal coding sequences among the vWf genes of several vertebrate species. PMID- 3496595 TI - Induction and regulation of mRNA encoding 26-kDa protein in human cell lines treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. AB - A 26-kDa protein, originally described in human fibroblasts superinduced for interferon beta (IFN-beta) production, and termed IFN-beta 2 by other investigators, is induced by cycloheximide and by a 22-kDa, interleukin 1 (IL-1) related factor. Although the structure and sequence of the corresponding gene show nonhomology with the IFN-beta gene, the gene is identical to that of B-cell stimulatory factor 2, a human interleukin, and displays a very potent growth and differentiation factor activity for B lymphocytes. In this work we show that IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) strongly induce the 26-kDa protein in FS-4 fibroblasts and in some transformed cell lines. Addition of cycloheximide to recombinant (r)IL-1 beta and rTNF further enhances the level of 26-kDa-protein mRNA. We determined the kinetics of induction and the amounts of rTNF and rIL-1 beta required for optimal induction of this mRNA in FS-4 cells and in HeLa H21 cells and found that rIL-1 beta is a more efficient inducer of 26-kDa protein mRNA than is TNF. By analyzing the inducibility of the 26-kDa protein gene by rTNF and rIL-1 beta in a series of transformed cell lines that differ in their sensitivity to the cytotoxic action of TNF, we report a direct correlation between the 26-kDa protein mRNA expression and the resistance of these cells to the cytotoxic effect of TNF. PMID- 3496596 TI - Reduced tumorigenicity of a spontaneous mouse lung carcinoma following H-2 gene transfection. AB - Cultured cells of the murine lung carcinoma called line 1 express very low levels of H-2 class I antigens and are resistant to lysis mediated by alloreactive T cells. In order to investigate how the expression of class I antigens affects the in vivo growth of this spontaneous tumor, H-2Dp genes were transferred into line 1 cells. Cloned transfectants that displayed H-2Dp surface antigens were identified using flow cytometry. The transfected H-2Dp antigens appeared normal by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and could also function as excellent targets for T-cell-mediated lysis in vitro. Marked differences in tumorigenicity (defined as tumor growth in immunologically competent hosts) were observed between the Dp transfected cells and untransfected or control transfected line 1 cells in syngeneic mice only if the animals had previously received injections of irradiated Dp transfectants. Expression of Dp antigens did not appreciably affect the growth of line 1 tumors in immunologically naive syngeneic mice or necessarily cause rejection in allogeneic mice. Our in vivo results show that increased expression of class I antigens can reduce the growth of tumors like line 1 that lack all class I antigens. Our results also suggest that increasing class I antigens alone on some spontaneous tumors deficient in expression will not by itself be sufficient for tumor rejection. PMID- 3496597 TI - Spontaneous release of interleukin 1 from human blood monocytes reflects bone formation in idiopathic osteoporosis. AB - Osteoporosis is a state of reduced skeletal mass characterized by various rates of bone remodeling. Multiple locally elaborated factors have been identified that appear to influence the cellular events in bone remodeling. The possible role(s) of these factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is unknown. One such factor, interleukin 1 (IL-1), is of particular interest, as this protein is known to stimulate bone resorption and perhaps formation. Consequently, we have measured the spontaneous secretion of IL-1 activity by cultured peripheral blood monocytes obtained from 22 osteoporotic patients and 14 age-matched control subjects. Monocytes from osteoporotic patients produced more IL-1 than did monocytes from control subjects. When patients were grouped according to monocyte-produced IL-1 activity, dynamic parameters of bone formation, as judged by quantitative histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and by circulating levels of bone 4-carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGP)--a marker of bone formation--were higher in subjects with elevated IL-1 activity; whereas, indices of bone resorption and static indices of bone formation were similar in subjects with either high or normal IL-1 activity. IL-1 activity released by peripheral blood monocytes appears to reflect bone formation rate in osteoporotic patients and may be of pathogenetic significance in a subset of individuals with osteoporosis. PMID- 3496598 TI - Toxicity of folic acid analogs in cultured human cells: a microtiter assay for the analysis of drug competition. AB - We have used a microtiter assay to study the toxicity of various folate analogs in a series of cultured human cell lines that exhibit different degrees of resistance to methotrexate, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. These cells retain their sensitivity to the lipophilic antifolate BW301U despite the amplification of dihydrofolate reductase genes. Because the cell lines under investigation grow very slowly and have poor plating efficiencies in unconditioned medium, an assay was developed that relies on cell proliferation rather than colony formation as a measure of toxicity. This approach is easily generalized to provide a rapid and inexpensive assay of drug competition. Two dimensional studies indicate that methotrexate and BW301U show differences in patterns of toxicity, competition, and rescue by folinic acid, suggesting that the two drugs act on different targets. Further applications of the microtiter assay to the analysis of multidrug interactions are discussed. PMID- 3496599 TI - Expression of members of immunoglobulin gene family in somatic cell hybrids between human B and T cells. AB - Somatic cell hybrids were obtained between human T and B cells and tested for the expression of differentiated traits of both cell lineages. The T-cell parent SUP T1 is CD3-, CD4+, CD1+, CD8+, is weakly positive for HLA class I determinants, and has an inversion of chromosome 14 due to a site-specific recombination event between an immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene and the joining segment of the T-cell receptor alpha chain. The B-cell parent, the 6-thioguanine- and ouabain-resistant mutant GM1500, is a lymphoblastoid cell line that secretes IgG2, kappa chains, and expresses B1, B532, and HLA class I and II antigens. All hybrids expressed characteristics of B cells (Ig+, B1+, B532+, EBNA+, HLA antigens), whereas only CD4 among the T-cell markers was expressed. The level of T-cell receptor beta-chain transcript was greatly reduced and no RNA of the chimeric T-cell receptor alpha-chain joining segment-immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region was detected. Southern blot analysis indicated that absence of T cell differentiation markers in the hybrids was not due to chromosomal loss. Rather, some B-cell-specific factor present in the hybrids may account for the suppression. PMID- 3496600 TI - Construction of an extended three-dimensional idiotope map by electron microscopic analysis of idiotope-anti-idiotope complexes. AB - A three-dimensional map of the positions of four idiotypic determinants (idiotopes or Ids) and an isotypic determinant was derived by transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained immune complexes. Each complex was composed of a monoclonal Id-expressing IgG and one or two varieties of monoclonal anti-Id (or anti-isotype) Fab fragment or IgG. Data from the various combinations of Id and anti-Id (and anti-isotype) were used to construct a low-resolution three-dimensional model that revealed not only the approximate locations of Ids on the surface of the antibody variable domains but also details of the geometry of Id-anti-Id interactions not otherwise available. The Ids were shown to be dispersed over the variable domains, extending from the complementarity determining region to near the variable-constant switch region. Thus, immunoelectron microscopy is a useful complement to serologic, biochemical, and genetic strategies for the topographical analysis of immunoglobulin Ids or other epitopes. This same approach should be of broader applicability in the study of epitopes and receptor sites on other macromolecules. PMID- 3496602 TI - Solution structure of murine epidermal growth factor: determination of the polypeptide backbone chain-fold by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry. AB - The polypeptide backbone fold in the solution structure of murine epidermal growth factor has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and distance geometry calculations. The results are based on nearly complete sequence specific resonance assignments and on 333 distance and dihedral-angle constraints; these were determined from nuclear Overhauser effect measurements, identification of hydrogen-bonded amide protons, the known locations of disulfide bonds, and backbone vicinal spin-spin coupling constants. The polypeptide chain of the protein is arranged into two distinct domains. The structures of these domains were determined independently in separate calculations and then combined to obtain an overall view of the protein. The backbone fold thus determined includes the regular backbone structure elements that were previously identified using different techniques for the analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance data. The distance geometry calculations also provided additional details about the conformations of bends and loops and about the twists of the beta-sheets. PMID- 3496601 TI - Retention of an idiotypic determinant in a human B-cell lymphoma undergoing immunoglobulin variable-region mutation. AB - Tumor cells from a patient with B-cell lymphoma were fused with a mouse myeloma cell line. A set of heterohybridomas was thus derived, each of which represented a separate clonal derivative from the tumor cell population. The immunoglobulins secreted by these cell lines reacted variably with a panel of anti-idiotypic antibodies, indicating that the tumor was heterogeneous; however, one antibody, 4D6, reacted strongly with the product of all the heterohybridomas. cDNA for the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable-region genes expressed in these heterohybridomas was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of these sequences indicated that the cells expressing them were clonally related but that they had undergone considerable mutation. Despite mutation, the cells in this tumor population continued to express a functional immunoglobulin molecule and to retain, over a span of 3 years, the idiotypic determinant defined by the 4D6 monoclonal antibody. Thus a selective force existed within the host to retain tumor cells bearing an immunoglobulin molecule with a particular idiotypic structure. PMID- 3496603 TI - Nonrandom development of immunologic abnormalities after infection with human immunodeficiency virus: implications for immunologic classification of the disease. AB - Blood specimens from 165 intravenous drug users who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), from 158 seropositive homosexual men with lymphadenopathy, and from 77 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were assessed immunologically. Immunologic parameters were analyzed by the Guttman scalogram technique to determine if immunologic abnormalities occurred in a nonrandom pattern. The following four patterns emerged: (i) seropositivity for HIV with no immunologic abnormalities; (ii) seropositivity for HIV with a depressed T4/T8 cell ratio; (iii) seropositivity with a depressed T4/T8 cell ratio and T4-cell depletion; and (iv) seropositivity with a depressed T4/T8 cell ratio, T4-cell depletion, and lymphopenia. Ninety-two to 100% of subjects in each of the three groups of patients were found "to scale" because the abnormalities occurred in the cumulative, ordered fashion described. This nonrandom occurrence of abnormalities indicates an ordered progression of immunologic abnormalities in individuals infected with HIV, a finding useful in the staging of both symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects. PMID- 3496604 TI - 3'-orf and sor genes of human immunodeficiency virus: in vitro transcription translation and immunoreactive domains. AB - An in vitro transcription and translation procedure was designed to translate multiple open reading frames from cloned DNAs. For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cloned DNA carrying three open reading frames (sor, tat, and 3'-orf), the approach yielded three authentic polypeptides. Clearly, the internal initiation codons can be used for reinitiation of translation of the downstream open reading frames. However, the downstream open reading frames were translated with relatively lower translational efficiencies. In general, the translational efficiency of RNAs depended significantly on their structures. The in vitro approach was utilized further to map the immunoreactive domains of the 3'-orf and sor gene products of HIV. Deletion clones were constructed with deletions within the open reading frames. Translation products of these clones reacted differentially with anti-3'-orf and anti-sor rabbit immune sera and human sera from individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders. Apparently, recombinant 3'-orf and sor polypeptides used to immunize rabbits express many more immunogenic epitopes and/or different set of epitopes than is the case for the native proteins in humans infected with HIV. Immunoreactivity and immunogenicity of these gene products were significantly dependent on their structure and/or conformation. PMID- 3496605 TI - Cyclic nucleotides and protein phosphorylation in mouse mammary glands: effects of estrogen and progesterone administered in vivo. AB - Ovariectomized mice were injected daily for 20 days with saline, 17 beta estradiol (1 microgram/day), progesterone (1 mg/day), or estrogen + progesterone. Mammary glands were removed, homogenized, and analyzed for DNA, cAMP, cGMP, cAMP dependent protein kinase (kinase A), cGMP-dependent protein kinase (kinase G), tyrosyl kinase (kinase T), and epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosyl kinase (EGF-T). Estrogen and progesterone, administered singly, increased DNA, cAMP, kinase A, kinase T, and EGF-T. In addition, progesterone, administered alone or with estrogen, decreased kinase G activity. cGMP concentrations were not altered by estrogen or progesterone. No evidence of a synergism between estrogen and progesterone on the levels of the cyclic nucleotides and the activities of kinase enzyme was observed, although an additive effect of these steroids was seen. These data indicate that ovarian steroid-induced growth of mouse mammary glands is accompanied by significant changes in protein phosphorylation, i.e., increased cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation and tyrosyl phosphorylation and decreased cGMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. PMID- 3496606 TI - Hypothalamic CRF immunoreactivity in genetically hypothyroid (hyt/hyt) mice. AB - The induction of hypothyroidism in young rats by feeding thiouracil to their mothers during pregnancy has been shown to depress hypothalamic content of bioactive and immunoactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). The present study was done to determine whether genetically hypothyroid young mice (hyt/hyt) born to euthyroid mothers (+/hyt) exhibited a similar depression in hypothalamic CRF immunoreactivity. Young euthyroid and hypothyroid littermate mice were examined by radioimmunoassay for hypothalamic CRF content at 15, 20, 25, or 30 days of age. Mean CRF content was depressed insignificantly (to about 80% of normal) by hypothyroidism, at 15-25 days of age. However, after weaning by the mother, 30-day-old hypothyroid pups demonstrated significantly depressed hypothalamic CRF levels (71%). It is suggested that maternal factors may be assisting in the maintenance of hypothalamic CRF until after weaning. Furthermore, genetic hypothyroidism does not appear to have nearly as marked an influence as thiouracil feeding on hypothalamic CRF levels. PMID- 3496607 TI - Circadian-dependent response in DNA synthesis to epidermal growth factor in spleen, bone marrow, and lung and in mitotic index of corneal epithelium in ad libitum-fed and fasted CD2F1 mice. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on DNA synthesis in the spleen, bone marrow, and lung and on the mitotic index in the corneal epithelium was investigated in CD2F1 mice that were standardized on an LD 12:12 cycle and either fed ad libitum or fasted for 24-34 hr. EGF brought about decreases in DNA synthesis in both the bone marrow and spleen in ad libitum-fed male mice. Moreover, the degree of response and the duration of time it took for the decreases to become statistically significant were circadian-stage dependent. The response brought about by EGF on DNA synthesis in the lung also was circadian stage dependent, but it was an increase and occurred much later than in the spleen or bone marrow. The maximum decreases brought about by EGF in spleen and bone marrow occurred at 13 hr after EGF treatment, being 37% and 28%, respectively. The maximum increase in DNA synthesis in the lung was 116% and was recorded 33 hr after treatment, but the first statistically significant increase (35%) was recorded 28 hr after treatment. Under the conditions of this study, fasting diminished the overall level of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow, spleen, and lung. We conclude, however, that sampling was too limited to draw definitive conclusions regarding the persistence of a DNA synthesis rhythm in fasting and the effect that EGF has on the fasting rhythm. There was no apparent effect on fasting on the mitotic index of the corneal epithelium. PMID- 3496608 TI - Circadian-infradian intermodulation of corneal epithelial mitoses in adult female rats. AB - An infradian modulation with a 5-day period characterizes corneal mitoses in adult female inbred Lewis rats. The animals had been standardized, two per cage, with Purina Chow and deionized water freely available at 24 +/- 1 degree C and approximately 50% relative humidity, on six different sequences of light (L) alternating every 12 hr with darkness (D). The LD 12:12 regimen was staggered by approximately 4hr in the six environments to approximate, by sampling within 1 hr, sampling over a 24-hr LD span. Bedding was changed 3 days before each day of killing. During each of 8 consecutive days, one rat from each environment was anesthetized with ether and the eyeballs were removed. Mitotic indices, computed separately for each eye, were analyzed by linear and nonlinear least-squares analyses. For a prominent circadian component of mitotic activity, the 95% confidence interval (CI) extended from 23.84 to 24.85 hr, with a point estimate of 24.32 hr; for a second component of 117 hr, the Cl extended from 90 to 163 hr. Whether the approximate 5-day infradian rhythm is of ovarian or other origin is a problem for further study. PMID- 3496609 TI - Interleukin-2 induction, response and therapy on murine lupus lesions in the MRL/l strain. AB - MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice are widely known as poor inducers of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and low responders to IL-2. It was reconfirmed that the spleen cells of MRL/l mice induced a small amount of IL-2 in vitro. In vivo experiments revealed that recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) affected T cell subpopulations in MRL/l mice. rIL-2 decreased the numbers of Thy-1 and Lyt-1 positive cells and increased those of Lyt-23, Lyt-123 and Lyt-null cells in the thymus. It decreased the number of T cell subpopulations in the lymph nodes and spleen. These data disclosed that IL-2 might affect not only the development of T cells but also the movement of T cells among the immune organs. Some synthetic immunomodulators augmented and others suppressed or had no effect on IL-2 induction activity in the spleen of MRL/l mice. There was no correlation between the clinical efficacy of drugs on rheumatic disease and experimental IL-2 induction activity. rIL-2 and human peripheral T cell derived IL-2 (hIL-2) produced similar results in short term therapeutic experiments. When rIL-2 (1,000 U/mouse) or hIL-2 (equivalent dose) was given to MRL/l mice intraperitoneally, once a week, from 8 to 16 weeks of age, anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody and anti-single stranded DNA (ssDNA) antibody titers had no changes. IL-2 had no effect on the renal lesions histopathologically. IL-2 induction activity was also assayed using spleen cells of the animals at the time of necropsy. The results showed that the mice treated with IL-2 had lower IL-2 induction activity than nontreated MRL/l mice. mice, an animal model for systemic lupus PMID- 3496610 TI - Sequential process of protective immunity against microbial infections in mice. AB - The sequence of host-defense against microbial invasion consists of nonspecific active substances which are distributed diffusely in the body fluids and exert their functions quickly to eliminate microorganisms, nonspecific humoral elements capable of exerting their functions selectively at the site of microbial invasion, neutrophils, scavenger macrophages, protection at an early stage by IgM antibody or a type of cell-mediated immunity (primitive T cell response) and protection at a late stage by typical immunities. The nature of primitive T cell response distinctive from those of typical immunities are described and its role in the host-defense is discussed. PMID- 3496611 TI - Case history of a biotechnology product: toxicological protocol, design and results. PMID- 3496612 TI - PFC formation in immature avian hosts grafted with thymic cells from juvenile chicken donors. PMID- 3496613 TI - Virus specific syngeneic killing of reticuloendotheliosis virus transformed cell line target cells by spleen cells. PMID- 3496614 TI - A re-evaluation of the function of the bursa of Fabricius. AB - We will briefly outline mammalian B cell ontogeny to provide a comparison with the avian model. The earliest defined stage of mammalian B cell development is the pre-B cell (itself derived from a multipotent stem cell) which expresses heavy chains within the cytoplasm and is a large, rapidly dividing cell. This cell drops out of division, reduces in size and, over about 24 hours, rearranges Ig light chain V region gene. As a consequence of light chain rearrangement and expression, intact IgM is expressed on the cell surface and the cell leaves the bone marrow as a small virgin B lymphocyte with the capacity to respond to antigen (Opstelten and Osmond 1983). This pathway occurs throughout the life of the animal and so there is constant production of B cells from the bone marrow which are recently derived from sIg- precursors, which have, in turn, recently rearranged their Ig V region genes. Thus there is a constant influx of new V region gene combinations into the peripheral mammalian B cell pool. Furthermore, the mammalian B cell repertoire is very large with estimated germ line diversity approaching 5 X 10(7) as a consequence of various germ-line V region recombinations (Honjo 1983). The pre-bursal stem cell is present in the periphery of the embryo from before day 8 to about day 16 - 17 of embryonation. Most colonisation of bursal follicles probably occurs prior to day 13. Individual bursal follicles are populated by a low number (2-3) of precursor cells. These rapidly become committed for the expression of particular V region genes, probably as a consequence of productive V region recombination. This recombination is restricted to the embryo and may not require the bursal microenvironment for its induction. The available germ-line repertoire of heavy and light chain V region in the chicken is very limited and little diversity can be generated from this initial recombination event (see Weill et al 1986). By day 12 of embryonation, sIg+ cells are present in the bursa and from this time sIg+ cells rapidly divide within the medulla of the bursal follicle. By about day 18 of embryonation, there are no pre-bursal cells in the periphery and sIg+ cells begin to seed from the bursa. It is from about this time that the cortex appears within the bursal follicle and it is tempting to suggest that cells migrate from the medulla to the cortex where further cell division occurs prior to export into the periphery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3496615 TI - Induction of antibody and cellular immune responses in chickens against Eimeria tenella by anti-idiotype. PMID- 3496616 TI - Avian B cell diversity examined with monoclonal anti-VH antibodies. PMID- 3496617 TI - The effects of ICV-CRH on novelty-induced behavior. AB - To assess whether centrally administered corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) modulates behavioral and antinociceptive effects of exposure to a novel environment, vehicle or 0.03, 0.3, or 3.0 micrograms of CRH was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to rats, which were then tested under novel or familiar conditions. Novelty decreased sleeping and grooming and increased rearing, walking, and latency to respond on the hot-plate test of analgesia. CRH increased grooming and walking, decreased rearing and sleeping, and had no effect in the hot-plate test. The lowest dose was without effect on any measure; otherwise, CRH effects generally were dose-dependent. There was no evidence that CRH selectively enhanced or interfered with novelty-induced behavioral changes; it influenced behavior to the same degree in both test conditions. However, test condition selectively modulated the degree of peptide-induced self-gnawing and burrowing. PMID- 3496618 TI - Evaluation of the role of norepinephrine in the reinforcing effects of psychomotor stimulants in rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys were surgically prepared with intravenous catheters and allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.03-0.1 mg/kg/injection) under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of drug delivery during daily 2-hour experimental sessions. When responding was stable for cocaine, saline or various doses of nisoxetine, a selective norepinephrine (NE) reuptake blocker, was substituted for cocaine for 5 7 consecutive sessions. Nisoxetine failed to maintain self-administration responding at any dose in 3 of 4 monkeys tested. Pre-session administration of the selective alpha 1 NE receptor blocker prazosin (0.2-1.6 mg/kg, IV, 15 minutes pre-session) did not systematically alter cocaine self-administration in any monkey. The results are in contrast to what has been found with DA agonists and antagonists and are consistent with the belief that NE does not play a primary role in the reinforcing properties of psychomotor stimulants. PMID- 3496619 TI - Direct and indirect action of flunarizine on vestibular activity. AB - Flunarizine administration (5 mg/Kg/os) in normal, labyrinthectomized and labyrinthectomized-cerebellectomized guinea pigs induced a depressant effect on spontaneous and evoked vestibular activities. Maximum effect was observed 90-120 min after drug administration and partial recovery at 180 min. Three different processes were involved: reduction of vestibular receptor excitability; direct inhibition of vestibular cells; inhibition of vestibular cells through strong activation of the cerebello-vestibular circuitry. PMID- 3496620 TI - Comparison of psychotropic drug intake in two populations in West Germany. Results from the Munich Blood Pressure Study 1980/81 and the Luebeck Blood Pressure Study 1984. AB - Psychotropic drug intake was assessed in participants aged 30-69 years of two identically designed studies (cross-sectional studies based on random samples), the Munich Blood Pressure Study (MBS I 1980/81) and the Luebeck Blood Pressure Study (LBS 1984). A similar increase of drug intake with age and a preponderance of women among drug users were found in both study samples. On the basis of the total drug consumption, which was not substantially different in the two population samples, it is argued that the statistically significantly lower prevalence rate for benzodiazepine use found in the LBS, compared with the findings of the MBS I, suggests a real decline over time and cannot be merely explained by possible regional differences in prescription behavior. This finding is of importance within the context of the ongoing discussion on increasing dependence on benzodiazepine drugs. PMID- 3496621 TI - Are the lifetime prevalence estimates in the ECA study accurate? PMID- 3496623 TI - Adolescent sex offenders. PMID- 3496622 TI - Epidemiological aspects of psychiatric disorder in a Dutch health area. AB - A two-phase study of psychiatric prevalence has been carried out among the inhabitants (aged 18-64) of a Dutch health area (Nijmegen). In phase 1, a random sample of 3232 persons answered the GHQ-30 (response rate: 75%). In phase 2, 486 of the respondents were interviewed with the full PSE within two weeks. The relationship of PSE-'caseness' (ID greater than or equal to 5) and GHQ score was expressed in a logistic regression model, the parameters of which showed strong agreement with the Canberra results, for all socio-demographic variables examined, except for urbanization. By means of the logistic model the point prevalence of PSE cases was calculated at 7.3% (range 5.5%-9.2%). Prevalence did not differ significantly in men and women. Higher case rates were found in the age category of 55-59 years, among divorced and widowed persons, the lower educational and occupational levels, the unemployed, chronically ill and unable to work, and with city people. This study adds further evidence to a growing body of epidemiological data suggesting similar rates and patterns of psychiatric disorder in populations in industrialized countries. PMID- 3496624 TI - Double-blind treatment of major depression with fluoxetine: use of pattern analysis and relation of HAM-D score to CGI change. PMID- 3496625 TI - Fixed-dose fluoxetine therapy for depression. PMID- 3496626 TI - Glucose utilization by intracranial meningiomas as an index of tumor aggressivity and probability of recurrence: a PET study. AB - Seventeen patients with intracranial meningiomas were studied with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-2-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG) to assess the glucose utilization of these tumors. Four meningiomas followed for 3-5 years after PET-FDG and surgery showed no evidence of recurrence. These tumors had significantly lower glucose utilization rates (1.9 mg/dl/min +/- 1.0) than 11 recurrent or regrowing meningiomas (4.5 mg/dl/min +/- 1.96) (P less than .01). The glucose metabolic rates of meningiomas correlated with tumor growth, as estimated from changes in tumor size on repeated computed tomographic scans. Histopathologically, a syncytial (atypical) meningioma had the highest glucose utilization rate, followed by a papillary meningioma and an angioblastic meningioma. Individual transitional and syncytial (typical) meningiomas showed marked differences in glucose metabolism despite similar microscopic appearance. Glucose utilization rate appears to be at least as reliable as histologic classification and other proposed criteria for predicting the behavior and recurrence of intracranial meningiomas. PMID- 3496627 TI - Diagnostic problems in a case of bleeding from ileal leiomyoma. PMID- 3496628 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and peripheral organs of rats. AB - The concentrations of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (rCGRP-LI) in various organs of male rats as well as the molecular heterogeneity of rCGRP-LI in tissue extracts was examined using a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rCGRP and gel-filtration chromatography. rCGRP-LI was high in extracts of the spinal cord (202 +/- 22.6 pg/mg wet wt. of tissue; mean +/- S.E.M.) and of the thyroid (229 +/- 62.3 pg/mg). rCGRP-LI was detectable in the brainstem, hypothalamus, stomach, duedenum, pancreas and kidney. The elution pattern of the extracts on a Sephadex G-50 column showed 3 peaks of rCGRP-LI irrespective of organs and tissues. The first peak corresponded to authentic rCGRP-(1-37). The second and third rCGRP-LI peaks probably consisted of C-terminal fragments of rCGRP, because they had a lower molecular weight than rCGRP-(1-37) and because our antiserum cross-reacts with a synthetic C-terminal fragment. The ratio of 3 rCGRP-LI molecules, however, differed between neural tissue extracts and others. The main component of rCGRP-LI in neural tissue was authentic rCGRP-(1-37), while the smaller fragments of rCGRP were chiefly contained in other tissues like the stomach, pancreas and thyroid. The relative ratio of rCGRP-LI molecules with different size in respective tissue extracts was not changed after leaving the dissected tissues for 2 h at room temperature. These findings indicate that rCGRP LI is abundantly present in the thyroid as well as the spinal cord and it is detected in lower amounts in the alimentary tract and central nervous system. rCGRP-LI in the extracts consists of 3 different components, the proportions of which vary from one tissue to another, probably reflecting tissue-specific differences in the processing of CGRP. PMID- 3496629 TI - [Experimental considerations of myocardial single photon emission CT image with a cardiac phantom]. AB - We studied the quantity of thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT) image with a cardiac phantom. The myocardial SPECT image is influenced by several causes, i.e., the absorption of gamma rays, collimator aperture, statistical noise and limited angle of rotation in data acquisition. The attenuation correction under the assumption of uniform distribution is not sufficient, so we have to consider the actual distribution of absorption. The effects of the nonuniform attenuation are most prominently appeared when we evaluate the quantity by the integral method. The aperture characteristics of a collimator are decided by the distance between the rotational center of the gamma camera and the collimator surface. Simultaneously scattered gamma rays affect the reconstructed image in the low frequency component, so the effective attenuation coefficient varies gradually. The statistical noise intermixed in the projection data generate artifacts like as lump-shaped pattern. The noise are clearly appeared in the spatial frequency upper than 0.25 cycle, so the low-pass filter are required with that of cut-off frequency. Moreover to enhance the details of the radionuclide distribution of cardiac muscle, the Wiener filter should be applied. The scan area also affects the appearance of the artifact in the myocardial SPECT image. The 180-degree scan usually generates false defects just nearby the center of reconstructed cross section. And the positions are changed with the conditions of gamma ray absorber and its relative position to the myocardial area. The 360-degree scan should be used from the standpoint of reconstructing more quantitative image. PMID- 3496630 TI - [Diagnosis and classification of diabetes]. PMID- 3496631 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy. Clinical forms and treatment]. PMID- 3496632 TI - [Clinical librarianship in a hospital community]. PMID- 3496633 TI - [Prognosis of hepatic cirrhosis in relation to clinical and biological parameters and the degree of portal hypertension]. PMID- 3496634 TI - [Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): a step forward in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the liver]. PMID- 3496635 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage in the stomach after surgery. I. Early bleeding]. PMID- 3496636 TI - [Primary leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. Apropos of 2 cases with different presenting forms]. PMID- 3496637 TI - Depletion of heart norepinephrine in mice by some analogs of MPTP (1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). AB - The effects of ten analogs of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) on heart norepinephrine concentration in mice were compared to those of MPTP itself. A single dose of MPTP (10 mg/kg s.c.) caused 73% depletion of heart norepinephrine 24 hrs after its injection. m-Hydroxy-MPTP caused an identical degree of depletion, and six other analogs caused statistically significant but lesser depletion. Three analogs caused no significant change in heart norepinephrine concentration. Since MPTP is oxidized by type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B), the analogs were compared for their ability to be oxidized by mitochondrial MAO preparations from mouse brain and liver. MPTP and seven analogs were oxidized by MAO-B (oxidation was inhibited by deprenyl); three analogs were not oxidized or were oxidized only slowly and not by MAO-B. The ability of the compounds to deplete heart norepinephrine paralleled their ability to deplete striatal dopamine in the case of MPTP and seven analogs. Three analogs--the same three that were not substrates for MAO-B--depleted heart norepinephrine but not striatal dopamine. One conclusion is that the ability of an MPTP analog to be a substrate for MAO-B is a necessary but not sufficient requirement for depletion of striatal dopamine, but is not necessary for depletion of heart norepinephrine. PMID- 3496638 TI - Determination of T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with lung cancer. A comparison between lung lavage and peripheral blood by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. AB - In order to determine whether the alterations of immunoregulatory T cells described both in smokers and in patients with lung cancer occur in the deep lung as well as in peripheral blood, we analyzed T lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in the blood of 12 patients with untreated lung cancer and of 8 controls. The immunocompetent cellular population of BAL fluid analyzed by differential cell count of alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils did not show considerable differences in the two groups studied. By contrast, the analysis of BAL T lymphocytes and their subsets showed significant alterations in patients compared with controls: a percentage increase of OKT3+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes and a decrease of the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was found in both the involved and uninvolved lung of patients. The immunologic pattern of T lymphocytes in blood did not show significant differences between patients and controls. Our data indicate that alterations in immunoregulatory T cells in lung cancer are more pronounced in BAL fluid obtained from both lungs than in peripheral blood. PMID- 3496639 TI - Study of familial alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency including a rare proteinase inhibitor phenotype (IZ). I. Alpha-1-phenotyping and clinical investigations. AB - Proteinase inhibitor (PI) phenotyping and clinical investigations were performed on 20 persons in three generations of a family with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Two persons were homozygotes and 9 were heterozygotes for the Z allele; one is the first reported IZ phenotype; 11 were common M-types. Both homozygotes and 5 of the heterozygotes, including the IZ individual, had suffered from recurring or chronic respiratory diseases. However, only mild to moderate impairment in lung function tests was observed in some of these patients (DLCO steady state, 3 subjects; FEV1, 3 subjects; FEF25-75, 2 subject; elevation of RV, 2 subjects). The rare IZ type, a 35-year-old female, smoker, showed normal lung function except for an elevated RV. Our results indicate that PI deficiency is not necessarily associated with severe lung destruction if noxious inhalants are absent. PMID- 3496640 TI - Sexually transmitted vaginitis. PMID- 3496641 TI - Epidemiologic concepts of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 3496642 TI - The pregnant adolescent and drugs. PMID- 3496643 TI - Adolescent suicide: issues and challenges. PMID- 3496644 TI - [Prognostic factors in anterior uveitis]. PMID- 3496645 TI - [Massive lower digestive hemorrhage. Experience with 26 patients]. PMID- 3496646 TI - [Analysis of survival and prognostic factors in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3496647 TI - [Isospora infection of chronic course]. PMID- 3496648 TI - [Detection of primary tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3496649 TI - [Indications for cellular immunological tests]. PMID- 3496651 TI - Pneumocystis carinii infections in patients with AIDS. PMID- 3496650 TI - Osteoarticular complications of brucellosis: a study of 169 cases. AB - Of 452 patients with brucellosis, 169 (111 male and 58 female) had osteoarticular complications. Brucella melitensis was isolated from the blood in 7.7% of the cases. Fever, chills, arthralgia, backache, high levels of C-reactive protein, positive rheumatoid factor, and splenomegaly were more frequent in osteoarticular brucellosis than in nonosteoarticular disease. Arthritis occurred in the hip joint in 90 cases (53%), knees in 61 (36%), sacroiliacs in 33 (20%), ankles in 25 (15%), elbows in nine (5.3%), shoulders in eight (5%), wrists in six (3.5%), and sternoclavicular arthritis occurred in three cases (1.8%). Spondylitis occurred in 10 cases (6%), osteomyelitis in four (2.4%), and tendinitis or bursitis in two (1.2%). Treatment with tetracycline or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) alone (four to eight weeks) or in combination with streptomycin (two to four weeks) resulted in a relapse rate of 16.6%. No relapses occurred in seven patients treated with repeated four- to six-weeks courses of rifampin plus tetracycline or TMP-SMZ plus streptomycin. PMID- 3496652 TI - [Localized scleroderma: clinical and laboratory study of 11 cases]. PMID- 3496653 TI - Filaricidal effect of mefloquine on adults and microfilariae of Brugia patei and Brugia malayi. AB - Mefloquine, DL-erythro-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-alpha-(2-piperidyl)-4-quinoline methanolhydrochloride, a recently developed antimalarial drug shows filaricidal activity against larval and adult stages of Brugia patei and B. malayi maintained "in vitro". In the concentration range of 10 to 2 microM mefloquine paralysed and killed the filarial worms within 10 h and 3 d, respectively. The lethal effect of mefloquine treatment on larval and adult worms was shown by loss of motility as well as by decrease of lactate excretion by adults. Chloroquine at a concentration of 10 microM did not affect motility and survival of microfilariae and adults of B. patei. Addition of serum to the cultivation medium abolished the filaricidal effect, possibly due to the tight binding of mefloquine to serum proteins, thereby affecting the uptake of the drug into the parasite. PMID- 3496654 TI - [Surveys of the treatment and socio-professional future of patients with spondylarthritis. Our impressions in 1986]. AB - After a brief historical reminder, the authors emphasize the difficulties of such investigations; difficulties of realization, analysis and synthesis since the results depend on ethnic and socio-cultural origins, socio-professional factors, primary or secondary forms or the length of evolution of the disease. From their experience, the authors draw a certain number of figures which they compare to those from other authors, especially concerning factors which aggravate the functional prognosis of the disease, or condition its complications. As for the therapy, considering the divergent opinions expressed about the results obtained with modern treatments, and used for thirty years, the authors have initiated an opinion survey among the members of the FSR (French Society of Rheumatology). The analysis of personal cases, the synthesis of various publications, the results of their survey, lead them to conclude that the problem of the treatment of ankylosing spondylo-arthritis and its professional consequences, is currently still more medico-social than scientific. The picture of rheumatoid pelvispondylitis seems less severe today than before, but it is necessary to have a longer follow-up to evaluate it statistically. PMID- 3496655 TI - Plasma bone Gla protein concentrations in healthy adults. Dependence on sex, age, and glomerular filtration. AB - Plasma bone Gla protein (BGP) was determined by radio-immunoassay in 266 healthy adults, men (n = 132) and women (n = 134), aged 20-79 years. In the women aged 30 69 years, plasma BGP increased significantly with age (r = 0.44, p less than 0.001), and a particularly steep increase was seen from 1.1 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- 1 SD) in the fifth decade to 2.0 +/- 1.4 nmol/l in the seventh decade. In men, aged 30-69 years, no correlation was found between plasma BGP and age (r = -0.07, NS). Plasma bone Gla protein is removed from the circulation mainly by the kidneys and the increased plasma BGP in the women could be caused by decreased renal clearance. The interrelationship was analysed by means of partial correlation. When creatinine clearance was held constant in women, BGP still correlated positively with age (r = 0.40, p less than 0.001), but not with creatinine clearance (r = 0.003, NS) when age was fixed. Plasma BGP was significantly increased above normal in 35 patients with chronic renal failure (10.2 +/- 14.6 nmol/l). Non-linear regression analysis showed that plasma BGP was within the normal range when 24-h creatinine clearance was greater than 30 ml/min, and large increases in plasma BGP did not occur until the 24-h creatinine clearance was below 20 ml/min. We conclude that, in normal subjects and patients with mild to moderate renal failure, plasma elevations of BGP reflect increased bone turnover rather than decreased renal clearance. PMID- 3496656 TI - The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 on adenylyl cyclase of iliac crest biopsies: diagnostic and prognostic tool for evaluation and treatment of uremic patients. AB - The bone adenylyl cyclase (AC) complex of iliac crest biopsies of normals, uremic patients and subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism (PrHPT) have been investigated. Bone resorption (RS) in uremic patients appears to be related partly to increased serum parathyroid hormone (s-PTH) levels and to netto PTH stimulated AC (net PTH-AC) and partly to the uremic condition (as estimated by s Creatinine) per se. Serum PTH is able to completely desensitize the PTH dependent bone AC in normals in vivo, but only partially in uremic patients. In patients with PrHPT, the bone AC appears to be inert to homologous desensitization. Positive aluminum staining is associated with blunted CT-responsive and low basal AC. In the combined group of normals and uremic patients, net PTH-AC is (as predicted from human in vitro data and the rat model) inversely related to serum 24,25-diOH-D3. Net PTH-AC, when corrected for s-24,25-diOH-D3 levels, correlated well with RS. The described action of 24,25-diOH-D3 presents a clearly defined rationale for the use of 24,25-diOH-D3 concurrently with 1,25-diOH-D3 to treat renal osteodystrophy: By administering 1,25-diOH-D3, s-Ca2+ and s-PTH will normalize and consequently net PTH-AC diminish. 24,25-diOH-D3 is then believed to further reduce net PTH-AC and RS. A concomitant alleviation of the uremic condition would eventually ensure the fastest possible restoration of bone structure and function. PMID- 3496657 TI - Different Tc response profiles are associated with survival in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. AB - The pathogenicity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) varies with virus strain and dose as well as with the mouse strain used as host. Recently, results have indicated that susceptibility to lethal disease correlates directly the ability of the host to produce early and high virus-specific Tc activity. However, in the present studies we demonstrate that even though this holds true in many mouse/virus combinations, it does not apply in others. Thus, in C3H mice infected with (moderately) high doses of Traub strain LCMV, early and high Tc activity was found despite a mortality rate of only 10-20%. Similarly, in C3H mice inoculated with the aggressive and docile substrains of UBC strain LCMV, which differ markedly in their pathogenicity for this mouse strain, similar kinetics of Tc induction were observed. Finally, in DBA/2 mice which do not die following infection with the otherwise lethal aggressive substrain, Tc induction could be found to be as efficient as in BALB/c mice, all of which die from acute LCM disease when infected with this virus isolate. The results indicate, therefore, that early and high Tc activity does not constitute a sufficient prerequisite for lethal disease, and that different Tc response profiles may be associated with low mortality following i.c. inoculation with LCMV. PMID- 3496658 TI - Functional and anatomical brain imaging: impact on schizophrenia research. AB - A group of related new technologies has made it possible to study the brain's regional changes in metabolism, blood flow, electrical activity, and neurochemistry. Positron emission tomography (PET) produces slice images of radioisotope density--brain metabolism or receptor concentration can be quantitated. Studies in schizophrenia have indicated relative metabolic underactivity of the frontal lobes of schizophrenics. Decreased activity in the basal ganglia, which can be reversed with neuroleptic treatment, is also seen in schizophrenia. PET studies are in the early stages; standard methodology for isotope selection, task during tracer uptake, and quantitative analysis is still developing. Cerebral blood flow studies have shown similar patterns in the cortical surface. The electroencephalogram provides a short time resolution approach which can assess attention and arousal, but lacks some of the anatomic exactness and depth capabilities of PET. Magnetic resonance imaging furnishes anatomical images of gray and white matter previously unavailable with x-ray computed tomography. Advances in methodology and clinical studies with imaging are making neuroanatomic theories of schizophrenia more directly testable than ever before. PMID- 3496659 TI - The diagnosis of schizophrenia. AB - Diagnosis refers to developing the best methods for classifying disorders and for identifying their characteristic symptoms. Most importantly, however, diagnosis refers to the identification of particular disorders that differ in their underlying mechanisms and causes, and therefore defines them as discrete diseases. Most current work on schizophrenia attempts to identify the best ways to classify it and the best ways to identify and define its characteristic symptoms to improve the ongoing search for mechanisms and causes. One idea that is currently widely discussed is the distinction between positive or florid symptoms and negative or defect symptoms. Much more research needs to be done on this model, however, and we need many more studies that attempt to integrate biological research with the careful work that has been done to date on clinical description. The astute modern investigator must be able to move freely between the biotype and the phenomenotype if he or she is to understand fully the clinical picture and ultimately the cause of schizophrenia. PMID- 3496660 TI - Lyme disease. PMID- 3496661 TI - Functional electrical stimulation: recent developments for the rehabilitation of spinal injured patients. PMID- 3496662 TI - Laser-stimulated luminescence used to measure x-ray diffraction of a contracting striated muscle. AB - An integrating x-ray area detector that operates on the basis of laser-stimulated luminescence was used in a diffraction study of muscle contraction. The area detector has a dynamic range of 1 to 10(5), a sensitivity about 60 times greater with approximately 1/300 as much fog background as x-ray film. It is erasable and reusable but, like film, can integrate at a practically unlimited counting rate. The high sensitivity and wide dynamic range of the detector resulted in a sufficient reduction in the exposure time to make possible the recording of a clear x-ray diffraction pattern, with up to 2.0-nanometer axial spacing, from a contracting frog skeletal muscle in as little as 10 seconds with synchrotron radiation. During the isometric contraction of the muscle, most of the actin diffraction lines increased in intensity without noticeable changes in their peak positions. Changes also occurred in diffraction intensities from the myosin heads. The results indicate that during contraction the structure of the actin filaments differs from that in the rigor state, suggesting a possible structural change in the actin subunits themselves; the myosin heads during contraction retain the axial periodicity of the myosin filament and become aligned in a more perpendicular manner to the actin filaments. PMID- 3496663 TI - [Non-invasive evaluation of aortocoronary bypass function]. PMID- 3496664 TI - [Arthroscopy with guided biopsy in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3496665 TI - [Modern methods of physical treatment in alcoholic polyneuropathies]. PMID- 3496667 TI - [Proceedings of the 30th scientific session of the Japan Rheumatism Association. May 29 to 30, 1986, Yokohama City, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 3496666 TI - [Remestyp Spofa and ischemic liver damage]. PMID- 3496668 TI - [Symposium: Etiological and clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 3496669 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin genetic polymorphism in South Africa. AB - The alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) or protease inhibitor (Pi) genetic polymorphism was studied in 144 white, 100 coloured, 104 Indian and 127 black (Northern Sotho) healthy individuals (controls), in the Pretoria area. Their Pi phenotype and gene frequency distributions are compared with world-wide data on other population groups. The severely deficient Pi phenotypes S, Z and SZ jointly attain frequencies of 0.3-0.4% in coloureds and whites; in blacks and Indians the corresponding frequencies are very much lower. The implication for preventive medicine and public health is that in South Africa the sequelae of Pi deficiencies such as cirrhosis of the liver and/or emphysema of the lung are of practical importance in whites and coloureds and much less so in blacks and Indians. In 176 white breast cancer patients studied, the Pi phenotype and gene frequency distributions were found to be similar to those of healthy controls (not statistically significant). Cohorts of other patients were also phenotyped because of their low alpha 1-globulin concentrations in routine serum protein electrophoresis and/or their specific disease condition (cirrhosis of the liver or emphysema of the lung) known to be associated with AAT deficiency. These results are discussed in terms of their significance for family follow-up, genetic counselling and a preventive service. The need to avoid atmospheric pollution, especially cigarette smoke, is emphasised as a major and cost effective preventive measure. PMID- 3496670 TI - Hypertrophic ileocaecal valve simulating a malignant tumour. A case report. AB - A patient presented with rectal bleeding which, on investigation, was though to be due to a polyp within the caecum. The benign nature of the lesion could not be established conclusively without surgical exploration. A limited right hemicolectomy was performed and examination of the specimen revealed a prominent ileocaecal valve. The problem of diagnosing this entity pre-operatively is discussed. PMID- 3496671 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3496672 TI - Long acting sulphonamides. PMID- 3496673 TI - The distal splenorenal shunt in patients with variceal bleeding due to schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. AB - Twenty consecutive patients classified as Child's A and B with variceal bleeding from schistosomal hepatic fibrosis were electively managed by the distal splenorenal shunt. Patients were assessed clinically by angiography and were observed for up to 16 months. The over-all survival rate was 85 per cent with an operative mortality rate of 10 per cent. All of the patients had patent shunts as confirmed angiographically and all maintained hepatic perfusion; there was also a 40 per cent immediate reduction in the size of the spleen postoperatively as measured on the angiograms. None of the patients had encephalopathy and only two patients had postoperative ascites. PMID- 3496674 TI - Choroid plexus papilloma in the posterior fossa. AB - Choroid plexus papillomas in the posterior fossa can present with different clinical signs and symptoms. The tumors in the patients we discuss in this article originated from different sites of the choroid plexus. One patient, who had a fourth ventricle papilloma, experienced unsteady gait and episodes of dizziness over many years. The tumor was cystic an calcified, and adherent to the brain-stem. The second patient had only signs of increased intracranial pressure. A soft tumor was located in the cerebellomedullary cistern. The third patient, with a papilloma in the cerebellopontine angle, complained of hearing loss. This tumor was firmly adherent to the dura mater and looked exactly like a meningioma. The appearance on computed tomography scan, the macroscopic aspect, and the vascular supply of a papilloma in the posterior fossa can vary considerably. PMID- 3496675 TI - A red eye and high intraocular pressure. AB - A 76-year-old woman presents with the classic findings of a carotid-cavernous fistula, including a red eye due to arterialization of the conjunctival veins, proptosis, retinal venous obstructive disease and elevated intraocular pressure. Enlarged extraocular muscles were found on CT scan leading to the misdiagnosis of thyroid orbitopathy. The differential diagnosis and therapy of the dural cavernous fistula and the intraocular pressure are discussed. PMID- 3496676 TI - [A familial case of the Sievert-Kartagener syndrome]. PMID- 3496677 TI - [Features of the immune status of patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma before the onset of an exacerbation]. AB - A study was made of the immune status in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma in the phase of clinical manifestations before the onset of exacerbation 2 mos after examination, and in patients with a favorable course of disease without exacerbations during the same period of time. The assessment of the immune status was based on a study of the balance of interrelationships in a set of immunological parameters including the chief indices of cellular and humoral immunity (T- and B-lymphocytes, phagocytosing and rosette-forming neutrophils, indices of cell activity in exercise tests, the levels of serum and secretory immunoglobulins--a total of 33 indices). Sharp changes in values and direction of interrelationships in numerous combinations of parameters, especially in those which included the content of immunoglobulins in the sputum, indices of the activity of neutrophils and exercise tests were noted in the patients with exacerbation for 2 mos after examination as compared to those who developed no exacerbations. A special table for prediction of a course of infectious-allergic bronchial asthma was based on a study of the balance of interrelationships. Data obtained from the table corresponded to considerable changes revealed in the balance of interrelationships among components of the immune system 1-2 mos before the appearance of the clinical signs of exacerbation of the disease. PMID- 3496678 TI - [The place of plasmapheresis in the treatment of severe forms of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3496679 TI - Effect of thrombin on the production of plasminogen activators and PA inhibitor-1 by human foreskin microvascular endothelial cells. AB - Human foreskin microvascular endothelial cells synthesize and release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in similar amounts as do endothelial cells from umbilical cord artery and vein. Human thrombin increases the production of t-PA by these cells, which could be visualized from 8 h after addition of 0.1-5 units/ml thrombin by fibrin autography after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the endothelial cell conditioned media. Thrombin also increased the secretion of t-PA antigen. Together with t-PA, human microvascular cells release urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) antigen and endothelial cell-type PA inhibitor, PA inhibitor-1, which were both demonstrated by specific immunoprecipitation from radiolabeled endothelial cell conditioned medium. Thrombin increases the release of u-PA antigen, but no u-PA activity could be demonstrated. Thrombin induced a two-fold stimulation of the synthesis and secretion of PA inhibitor-1 antigen. At 0.1 unit/ml thrombin also an increase in PA inhibitor activity was found. At high concentrations of thrombin a decrease of PA inhibitor activity was found, due to the conversion of the active 46 kD PA inhibitor-1 into a 42 kD product without PA inhibitor activity. Our data indicate that interaction of thrombin with microvascular endothelial cells will shift the balance between t-PA, u-PA and PA inhibitor-1, and thus affects the regulation of fibrinolysis. PMID- 3496680 TI - The interaction of activated protein C and thrombin with the plasminogen activator inhibitor released from human endothelial cells. AB - The effects of human activated protein C (APC) and thrombin on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) released from cultured human umbilical endothelial cells, grown in serum-free 35S-methionine containing medium, were studied in two ways: measurement of PAI-1 activity with an amidolytic assay, and immunoprecipitation of the medium with anti-PAI-1 IgG, anti-protein C IgG or anti thrombin IgG followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Addition of APC or thrombin to the endothelial cell conditioned medium results in a time and concentration dependent loss of PAI-1 activity and in the degradation of PAI-1 from 46 kD into a 42 kD product. After incubation of the medium with APC in the presence of cells, an additional band of 95 kD was found, which could be immunoprecipitated with both anti-PAI-1 IgG and anti-protein C IgG, indicating the formation of an APC-PAI-1 complex before degradation occurs. No complex could be detected after incubation of the medium with thrombin in the presence of endothelial cells. Blocking the active sites of APC and thrombin prevented both the formation of APC-PAI-1 complexes and the inactivation and degradation of PAI 1. After removal of the active PAI-1 from the medium, no degradation of the inactive PAI-1 by APC or thrombin could be found. It is concluded that both APC and thrombin react with the active PAI-1, resulting in inactivation and degradation of PAI-1. PMID- 3496681 TI - Platelet aggregation induced by cryoprecipitate infusion in platelet-type von Willebrand's disease. AB - Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is a recently described bleeding disorder characterized by a heightened interaction between platelets and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as the result of an intrinsic platelet-membrane abnormality. Administration of cryoprecipitate into a patient with this disorder was followed by thrombocytopenia in vivo and "spontaneous" platelet aggregation in vitro. However, a prolonged bleeding time was shortened and sufficient haemostasis was achieved without thromboembolic complications. These results provide evidence that human vWF infused with cryoprecipitate directly interacts with platelet-type vWD platelets, causing thrombocytopenia in vivo, and suggest that impaired primary haemostasis is related to the depletion of the high molecular-weight vWF multimers in the circulating plasma. PMID- 3496682 TI - Regulation of factor VIIa activity in plasma: evidence that antithrombin III is the sole plasma protease inhibitor of human factor VIIa. AB - The inhibition of human factor VIIa by antithrombin III and normal human plasma was studied in the presence and absence of heparin. In the absence of heparin, no apparent inhibition of factor VIIa was observed in either system. In the presence of heparin, factor VIIa activity was inhibited 50% by purified antithrombin III and plasma in 90 min and 75 min, respectively. No inhibition of factor VIIa was observed in heparinized plasma previously depleted of antithrombin III by immunoaffinity adsorption. Incubation of factor VIIa with antithrombin III heparin or heparinized plasma resulted in the formation of a covalent complex with an apparent molecular weight of 100 kilodaltons. These data indicate that antithrombin III appears to be the sole plasma protease inhibitor of human factor VIIa, and the expression of its inhibitory activity against factor VIIa is absolutely dependent upon the presence of exogenous heparin. PMID- 3496683 TI - [Severe Haemophilus influenzae infections in adults]. PMID- 3496685 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-A1 in calcifying tendinitis. PMID- 3496684 TI - A major histocompatibility complex class III allotype (C4B 2) associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). AB - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is a female associated disease of unknown aetiology, although there is evidence of immunological abnormalities. There is no known cure; liver damage is progressive and eventually fatal, although transplantation can prevent patient death. Data presented here show, for the first time, a strong association in Caucasoids between PBC and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). 45% of patients studied, compared with only 17% in a control group, expressed an MHC Class III allotype C4B 2 (pc = 0.014). Polymorphisms of MHC Class I, Class II, and other Class III gene products which flank the C4 genes were not found to be associated with the disease. Although we cannot rule out the involvement of other loci linked to the C4B 2 complement gene, the data provide strong evidence that this genetic area is implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 3496686 TI - [Problem-oriented reporting. II. Experiences with the introductory process]. PMID- 3496687 TI - [Problem-oriented recording. III. Practical problems and conclusion]. PMID- 3496688 TI - Hepatic effects of acrylamide in rainbow trout. AB - Acrylamide effects on hepatic mixed function oxidase activity were examined in rainbow trout exposed to waterborne acrylamide monomer (0-50 mg/liter) for 14 days. Acrylamide doses of 25 mg/liter and higher produced reversible dose-related histological lesions in the liver characterized by necrosis around the central vein. A profound selective decrease in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was observed in hepatic microsomes from acrylamide-treated trout. However, in vitro preincubation of acrylamide with untreated rainbow trout hepatic microsomes with or without NADPH did not produce a similar decrease in ethoxyresorufin-O deethylase activity. Structural analysis of a trout biliary metabolite of acrylamide, although not identified, revealed the presence of primary alcohol, carboxylic acid, and amide carbonyl functional groups. PMID- 3496689 TI - Species characteristics of the hepatic xenobiotic and steroid biotransformation systems of two teleost fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Groups of Atlantic cod and rainbow trout were treated (ip) with beta naphthoflavone (BNF), phenobarbital, or peanut oil (controls), and properties of the hepatic xenobiotic and steroid metabolizing enzyme systems were evaluated. In both species, BNF treatment resulted in significant induction of microsomal 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, biphenyl 4 hydroxylase, and phenanthrene oxidation, especially at the 1,2-position. Immunochemical studies with rabbit IgG prepared against the major BNF-inducible cytochrome P-450 in cod, P-450c, revealed increased amounts of immunoreactive protein in liver slices from both species after BNF treatment. The molecular weight of the induced protein was approximately 58,000 Da, as shown by Western blotting. When titrating biphenyl 4-hydroxylation, however, the antibodies distinguished between the two species, inhibiting the activity of BNF-induced cod 90% and that of rainbow trout 40% at 10 mg IgG/nmol P-450. Furthermore, cytochrome b5 content and UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity were significantly induced only in rainbow trout, whereas the specific content of cytochrome P-450 was significantly increased only in cod. Differences between the two species were observed in the levels of constitutive activities, the amount of induction, and in the regioselectivity of phenanthrene oxidation and androstenedione metabolism. Treatment with phenobarbital showed no effect on any of the parameters investigated in either species. The results show that although there are many common features of the hepatic xenobiotic and steroid biotransformation systems of the two teleosts, certain species characteristics exist in constitutive properties and induction responses. PMID- 3496690 TI - Neurologic and neuropsychological morbidity following major surgery: comparison of coronary artery bypass and peripheral vascular surgery. AB - As part of a prospective study of the neurologic and neuropsychological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 312 patients were compared with a control group of 50 patients undergoing major surgery for peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of comparing the 2 groups was to determine to what extent neurologic complications after heart surgery can be attributed to cardiopulmonary bypass. The 2 groups were similar with respect to age, preoperative neurologic and intellectual status, anesthetic methods, duration of operation, perioperative complications, and time spent in the intensive therapy unit. Certain potential risk factors for cerebrovascular disease were more common in the control than the coronary bypass patients. The important difference between the 2 groups was that only the latter group underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. In this group 191 of 312 (61%) and 235 of 298 (79%), respectively, developed early neurologic and neuropsychological complications. By the time of hospital discharge 17% had neurologic disability and 38% had significant neuropsychological symptoms. In the control group 9 of 50 (18%) developed neurologic complications resulting largely from trauma to lower limb sensory nerves. Two patients developed primitive reflexes. Fifteen of 48 (31%) showed neuropsychological impairment on 1 or 2 subtest scores. Moderate or severe intellectual dysfunction was not seen in the control patients in contrast to the 24% thus affected in the coronary bypass group. The difference in frequency and severity of central nervous system complications between the 2 groups is likely to reflect cerebral injury resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3496691 TI - Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction between Fansidar and mefloquine. PMID- 3496692 TI - Autoantibodies in humans with cystic or alveolar echinococcosis. AB - Sera from 16 echinococcosis patients were analyzed with respect to polyclonal B cell activation and autoantibody formation. At least 8 of the sera were from patients who were never in tropical countries and therefore their cases were not complicated by other parasitic diseases. In comparison with a group of 52 healthy controls, these patients had significant levels of antibodies to DNP and haemocyanin, indicators of polyclonal B cell activation. There were also significant differences between control and patient groups with respect to antibodies to dsDNA, histones, actin, vimentin, and desmin. This is the first report of autoantibodies in echinococcosis. PMID- 3496693 TI - Determination of antiidiotypic antibodies to anti-HLA IgG following blood transfusions. AB - Blood transfusions (BT) administered prior to renal allograft transplantation are known to enhance allograft survival. One proposed mechanism for this effect is through the induction of antiidiotypic antibodies that modify the immune response to subsequently presented graft antigens. In an attempt to determine if antiidiotypic antibodies are generated post-BT, we studied sera from post-BT patients for the presence of antiidiotypic antibodies to anti-HLA class I IgG (i.e., anti-anti-HLA). Anti-HLA antiidiotypes were demonstrated by idiotype specific inhibition of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for anti-HLA antibodies. Using this inhibition technique, test sera from 8 of 16 post-BT patients showed significant inhibition of the anti-HLA target sera (P less than 0.05). Sera from normal individuals showed no inhibition of the target sera, and test sera did not inhibit other antigen-antibody systems. Protein A absorption of test sera eliminated the inhibitory effect, suggesting that the antiidiotypic activity was limited to the IgG fraction of the sera. The EIA binding activity of F(ab')2 fragments of anti-HLA IgG was suppressed by sera from patients post-BT but not by sera from normal volunteers. Studies of serially obtained sera from a post-BT patient showed that anti-HLA antiidiotype levels fluctuate with time and transfusion status. These studies demonstrate that anti-HLA antiidiotypic antibodies are generated post-BT. Their importance in mediating the known allograft-enhancing effect of pretransplant BT remains to be clarified. PMID- 3496694 TI - [Colonic fistulas in pancreatitis]. PMID- 3496695 TI - [Experience and results of an epidemiological screening study in the southern part of Guinea-Bissau]. PMID- 3496696 TI - [Reiter's syndrome in the Inuit population of Greenland. A clinical, immunogenetic and epidemiological study]. PMID- 3496697 TI - Detection by ELISA of antibodies to small RNA protein particles in systemic lupus erythematosus patients whose sera lack precipitins. AB - Three hundred five consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been evaluated for antibodies to the RNA protein particles, Sm, nRNP, Ro/SSA, and La/SSB. Precipitating antibodies were found in 224 (73.1%). With the use of ELISA methodology with affinity-purified antigens, 76 sera from precipitin negative patients were assayed and 35 had elevated levels of one or more of the autoantibodies. Of these, 27 (36%) had elevated anti-nRNP and 17 (22%) had elevated anti-Ro/SSA. Six of the seven patients with anti-La/SSB (18%) also had anti-Ro/SSA paralleling the close association of these two antibodies noted by precipitin analysis in which 38 of 39 patients with anti-La/SSB precipitins also have anti-Ro/SSA precipitins. Thus, 258 of the 305 SLE sera (84.6%) have elevated anti-RNA protein levels. This represents a minimum estimate of the frequency of these antibodies since longitudinal study of individual patients shows that anti RNA protein levels may vary from normal to 1000 times over background at different times. Quantitative studies over time in two patients with both anti-Sm and anti-nRNP show that anti-nRNP increased 10- to 100-fold while anti-Sm changed little. These quantitative changes may relate to clinical phenomena. PMID- 3496698 TI - Immunocytochemistry of obstructed saphenous vein-coronary artery bypass grafts. PMID- 3496699 TI - von Willebrand factor can substitute for plasma fibrinogen in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 3496700 TI - [Corneal endothelial function in children with crystalline lens pathology]. PMID- 3496701 TI - Nutrition and management of the dog. AB - This article reviews those aspects of canine management relating to sanitation, reproduction, and nutrition. Within an effective system of management, the clinician will be better able to recognize and solve individual health problems and to assess their relationship to the facility as a whole. Integration of sanitation, nutrition, reproduction management, and health procedures and thorough and accurate record-keeping should be the goals of the consulting clinician. PMID- 3496702 TI - Orphan rearing of puppies and kittens. AB - The following are some of the key elements to successful rearing of the orphaned puppies and kittens: Do not overfeed, especially during the first several days, to allow for adaptation to the milk replacer. Use a milk replacer with a composition similar to the natural milk. Cleanliness during feeding is essential. Weigh the animals periodically to monitor performance and establish feeding levels. Maintain a warm, draft-free environment with adequate humidity. Keep the animals clean and aid their bowel movements and urination if necessary. Feeding frequency should allow for stomach emptying before feeding. Control diarrhea as soon as possible by the suggested methods. If it becomes necessary to re establish desirable bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract, a suitable live culture such as Bene-Bac may be used. Other supportive therapy may be necessary. Make all formula or ration changes slowly. Start the animals on some solid food as soon as possible and certainly by age 3 to 5 weeks, depending on the species. These 10 guidelines will allow for successful rearing of orphaned puppies and kittens. To follow them requires patience and attention to detail. The goal is the preservation of life and a sound program of nutrition and management throughout the nursing period. PMID- 3496703 TI - Special considerations for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in neonates. AB - Guidelines for the use of antibiotics in puppies and kittens must take into account drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. In the neonate, these factors may differ considerably from those in the adult; thus, there are differences in therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. This article discusses the special considerations for antimicrobial therapy in neonates and presents a rational approach to selecting antimicrobial therapy that improves the use of antibiotics. PMID- 3496705 TI - Echocardiography for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the dog. AB - Echocardiography utilizing M-mode and real-time techniques is a safe, noninvasive diagnostic technique for use in veterinary cardiology. It provides a means to assess structural sizes and relationships and can be used to provide quantitative data for diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Although its availability is largely limited to veterinary colleges and specialty hospitals, the practicing veterinarian should know of its advantages and disadvantages. He or she is also encouraged to consider the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of heart disease in all species of veterinary patients. PMID- 3496704 TI - Possible association of thymus dysfunction with fading syndromes in puppies and kittens. AB - "Wasting" or "fading" syndromes are common causes of puppy and kitten mortality. Numerous infectious and toxic, metabolic, or nutritional factors could potentially be responsible for wasting and death in young animals. Evidence has been presented that infectious canine hepatitis virus infection, beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection, and feline infectious peritonitis virus infection are responsible for a significant number of deaths due to wasting syndrome. However, many cases of wasting syndrome cannot be attributed to infectious agents or other specific etiologies. The thymus gland warrants special attention when one is evaluating an animal with a wasting syndrome because it is known that, in some species, neonatal thymectomy results in wasting and death. Unfortunately, most reports describing fading syndromes in puppies and kittens do not mention the gross or histologic appearance of the thymus gland at postmortem examination. When examining the thymus gland, one must keep in mind that the thymus may be hypoplastic owing to a congenital or genetic defect in its structure and function or it may be atrophic secondary to whatever is causing the fading syndrome. If a thorough history, clinical examination, and/or postmortem examination do not reveal a cause for the fading syndrome, then defective thymus function should be considered as a possible causative or contributing factor to the fading syndrome. In these cases, therapy designed to replace or improve the defective thymus function should be considered. At least one form of wasting syndrome in puppies (immunodeficient dwarfism) has been found to respond to short-term therapy with a thymus hormone (thymosin fraction 5) or with bovine growth hormone (which is thymotropic) in limited clinical trials. It is possible that other forms of wasting or fading syndromes would also respond to therapy with thymus hormone or growth hormone. Certain thymus hormones (thymopoietin pentapeptide, thymosin alpha 1, facteur thymique serique, and rabbit thymus acetone powder) and bovine growth hormone are commercially available. Before initiating therapy, one should consider that if the cause of the wasting syndrome is genetic, then successful treatment may perpetuate a genetic defect. More research (both basic and clinical) is needed to determine the role of thymus gland dysfunction in fading syndromes of puppies and kittens and if therapy with one or several of the thymus hormones or with growth hormone could reverse the symptoms of wasting. PMID- 3496706 TI - Rearing orphaned wild mammals. AB - This article considers the care and management of orphaned neonates and their rehabilitation and reintroduction into the wild. PMID- 3496707 TI - Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in dogs. PMID- 3496708 TI - Cytotoxic capabilities of bovine lymphocytes after lectin stimulation. AB - Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) were stimulated in vitro with the mitogenic lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin. Their cytotoxic capabilities were evaluated in a 51Cr release assay. Lectin-activated bovine effector cells did not mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) nor direct killing against cultured tumor target cells. Nevertheless, activation of PBML with lectins consistently generated effector cells able to mediate lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Cultivation of Con A stimulated PBML for 3 to 4 weeks in the presence of lymphokines-containing IL-2 generated cells with the ability to mediate lysis without using Con A-coated target cells. However, cytotoxic cultures capable of mediating direct lysis of target cells were not able to mediate ADCC. PMID- 3496709 TI - Effect of serum on lymphocyte blastogenesis. 2. Characterization of disease induced immunosuppressive factors by chromatography and molecular weight determination. AB - Numerous infectious and noninfectious diseases are associated with the appearance of suppressive serum lymphocyte immunoregulatory factors (SLIFs). The suppressive SLIFs in sera from clinically healthy dogs and from dogs with bacterial (staphylococcal, brucellar) or mycotic (blastomycotic) infections were further characterized by dialysis, fractionation by ultrafiltrations and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) sieving, by affinity chromatography on protein A-Sepharose columns, and by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. Factors of various molecular weights and of various elution patterns from DEAE-cellulose and affinity chromatography columns were taking part in the suppressive action of the whole serum. The 'common' inhibitors present in all sera were in the molecular weight range of 28 to 35 Kd, whereas the disease-induced suppressive SLIFs were present in various molecular weight categories. 'Common' suppressor SLIFs and some SLIFs from dogs with staphylococcal infections were partially dialysable; suppressive SLIFs induced in dogs with generalized brucellosis and blastomycosis were not dialysable. Protein A bound suppressive SLIFs from two of three dogs with staphylococcal pyodermas. DEAE-cellulose chromatography gave variable elution patterns with different animal sera. It is concluded that various suppressive SLIFs contribute to the immunosuppressive effect of the whole serum and no disease-specific suppressive SLIF could be identified. PMID- 3496710 TI - [Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in local suppurative complications of cold injury]. PMID- 3496711 TI - [Effect of the transcerebral action of a UHF electrical field on the clinical course and immunological reactivity of patients with genital endometriosis]. PMID- 3496712 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents with a long pulse in the treatment of patients with the vertebrogenic lumbosacral radicular syndrome]. PMID- 3496713 TI - Density distribution of hematopoietic progenitor cells and T lymphocytes from peripheral blood: heterogeneity of the human population. AB - Density gradient centrifugation has been used in animal systems to purify stem cells and eliminate T lymphocytes prior to allogeneic transplantation. There is substantial disagreement whether the same approach can be used to purify hematopoietic stem cells obtained from human peripheral blood. The purpose of the present study was to resolve that issue by determining the density distribution of 4 classes of human leucocytes: total mononuclear cells, T lymphocytes, CFUc, and BFUe. To ensure a representative sampling, a large number of randomly selected donors were analyzed. The results show that most T lymphocytes band between 1.068 and 1.071 g/ml, with relatively little variation from individual to individual. In contrast, the density distributions of both CFUc and BFUe fluctuated markedly from donor to donor. As a consequence, there was significant variability in the degree of progenitor-T cell separation. The implications of these results for clinical application of the density separation technique are discussed. PMID- 3496714 TI - Polyagglutination in hospitalized patients: a prospective study. AB - A hospital population at high risk for red cell polyagglutination was studied prospectively in search for cryptantigen exposure. The patients included in this study suffered from: malignancies, sepsis, direct antiglobulin test (DAT) negative anemias and various combinations of these three. 238 patients were examined, and 18 of these (7.6%) were found to have exposed cryptantigens on their erythrocytes. This is an unexpectedly high percentage. Our findings suggest that cryptantigen exposure on the red cells is a more common phenomenon than previously described, especially when looked for in a carefully chosen population. The red cells of these patients are potentially polyagglutinable, and screening with lectins will ensure their pretransfusion identification and evaluation. PMID- 3496715 TI - [New ways of treating and preventing malaria: mefloquine (Lariam)]. AB - Mefloquine--a quinolinemethanol--opens new aspects in the therapy and prophylaxis of malaria. Since this drug will be soon available in Austria, a review of the pharmacological and clinical data is given. Preliminary results of studies dealing with resistance induction against mefloquine showed that Plasmodium falciparum can develop resistance to this substance in vivo as well as in vitro. Hence, some guidelines are given, in particular with regard to the use of mefloquine as a prophylactic drug. It should be used only in malaria endemic zones in which highly chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum is prevalent and the duration of prophylactic administration should be limited to 3 months in order to prevent the development of resistance. However, mefloquine has proved to be a valuable new drug, well tolerated in clinical trials and with pharmacological properties that make its use simple and safe. PMID- 3496716 TI - [Upper Austria model study to assess the prevalence and incidence of congenital abnormalities]. AB - Among the 15.998 live births recorded in Upper Austria in the year 1985, a representative malformation rate of 1.79, respectively a representative incidence of 17.94 in 1000 live births is reported. The incidences of characteristic malformations and of single malformations combined in malformation groups are determined. An instrument of investigation, especially developed for and successfully used in this examination in form of an illustrated questionnaire is introduced. PMID- 3496717 TI - Effect of varying number and volume of transfusions on mortality rate following septic challenge in an animal model. PMID- 3496718 TI - [Studies of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in exogenous allergic alveolitis]. AB - Current research results on the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) are represented in a survey. The method of BAL, the preparation of the BAL-fluid, the differential cell count, the differentiation of lymphocytes, the determination of metabolic activity of alveolar macrophages and of the humoral components are described. The elevated total cell number, the relative and absolute increase of the total and T lymphocyte number, the raised total protein content and the increased activity of T-lymphocytes and macrophages are characteristic features of the BAL-fluid in EAA. The possible significance of these changes for the pathogenesis of EAA and the problem of the so-called sensitized asymptomatics are discussed. PMID- 3496719 TI - [Ambulatory care of interstitial lung diseases]. AB - Clinical symptoms, radiological finding and functional results of patients with interstitial lung diseases were followed in a dispensary about 10 years. We compared the progress of 10 patients with pulmonary fibrosis histologically proved and of 19 patients without any previous evidence of fibrosis but suspicious of developing fibrosis at present. In both groups we found a rising proportion of patients suffering from dyspnoe on exertion and from increasing impairment. Functionally a significant decrease of the vital capacity was found especially in patients with fibrosis. The course of oxygen tension during physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer was well correlated to the dyspnoe on exertion. An airflow obstruction already existing at the start of the observation period was found to have an unfavourable influence on the progress of the interstitial lung disease. Eight patients being suspicious of a developing fibrosis were investigated clinically. On 5 patients a pulmonary fibrosis could be confirmed. A treatment using corticoids was started. To find a progression of a known interstitial lung disease in due time, it is necessary to check thoroughly these patients functionally and radiologically in a dispensary at regular intervals. PMID- 3496720 TI - [Modification of in vitro immune mechanisms by various glucocorticosteroid preparations--studies of lymphocytes in healthy probands and autoimmune patients]. AB - The influence of steroids on lymphocyte responses was tested in vitro. The inhibition of early events of lymphocyte stimulation and cell proliferation after PHA stimulation was estimated. We found, however, different individual responses of immune cells of various donors to the preparations dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone in both in vitro models tested. Steroid treatment of lymphocyte cultures resulted in both inhibition and enhancement of PWM-driven Ig synthesis in cultures derived from different test persons. In experiments with lymphocytes from patients with acute systemic lupus erythematosus we found a dramatically enhanced PWM-stimulated IgG synthesis which is disturbed in cultures of these patients. The individuality of steroid sensitivity of lymphocyte cultures of healthy test persons and the abnormal reactivity of SLE lymphocytes were discussed in relation to therapeutical applications. PMID- 3496721 TI - Effect of multiporous microspheres derived from chitin and partially deacetylated chitin on the activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Multiporous microspheres were prepared from 80% deacetylated chitin (DAC-80) and chitin, and their effects on the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo and on the production of monokines such as colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) were examined. Multiporous DAC-80 microspheres of mean diameter 2.5 microns [MS-DAC-80(2.5)] enhanced the cytolytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and the production of CSF in vitro by macrophages, spleen cells and bone marrow cells, and in vivo. MS-DAC-80(2.5) also stimulated the production of IL-1 by both resident and thioglycolate-induced peritoneal macrophages. Multiporous chitin microspheres [MS-chitin(2.5)] showed no effect on the activation of peritoneal macrophages in vivo and on the production of IL-1 in vitro, but slightly enhanced the production of CSF in serum in vivo. PMID- 3496722 TI - [Effect of different feeders on the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage precursors of the bone marrow of children]. PMID- 3496723 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies for studying immunocompetent cells in dermatology]. PMID- 3496725 TI - [Effect of staphylococcal toxin on lymphocyte receptors and function]. AB - Staphylococcal toxin at a concentration of 10(-3) inhibits in vitro the rosette formation of lymphocytes, taken from healthy donors and patients with purulent septic diseases, with sheep and mouse red blood cells, changes the ratio of lymphocyte subpopulation, modifies the spontaneous antigen- and mitogen-dependent migration of leukocytes. The latter phenomenon is not linked with disturbances in the lymphokine-producing activity of lymphocytes, but results from changes in the migration properties of granulocytes. PMID- 3496724 TI - [Cryoglobulins in arthritis]. AB - During the years 1984-1986 we saw 22 patients with cryoglobulinemia, 8 of whom had rheumatoid arthritis, 1 psoriasis arthritis, 2 Sjogren syndrome, 1 progressive systemic sclerosis, 5 different arthralgias, 1 soft tissue rheumatism, 2 vasculitis and arthralgias and 2 purpura-arthralgia-nephritis syndrome. The measurement of cryoglobulins is done only in special cases of diagnostic importance. The prognostic outlook in patients with nephritis is bad. A monoclonal cryoglobulinemia is always suspicious for a lymphoproliferative syndrome. PMID- 3496726 TI - Variability of negative T wave in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: possible role of beta-adrenergic function. AB - To investigate the variability and the mechanism of negative T waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), especially giant negative T waves in apical hypertrophy, from view point of adrenergic function, ECG was studied by treadmill exercise test and under administrations of beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) and antagonist (propranolol) in 33 patients with HCM and negative T waves. Apical hypertrophy was seen in 16 cases, and giant negative T waves were seen in 24 cases. By treadmill exercise test, negative T waves became less deep in all cases of HCM (-1.2 +/- 0.5 mV-----0.6 +/- 0.5 mV, p less than 0.001). The higher exercise level the patients attained, the less deep the negative T waves became. Isoproterenol caused the same reversal of negative T waves as the exercise test, but heart rate and rate pressure product attained by isoproterenol were significantly smaller than those by exercise. R wave amplitude did not change with isoproterenol. Propranolol made negative T waves deeper at rest and inhibited the reversal of negative T waves caused by exercise. In conclusion, negative T wave in HCM, especially giant negative T wave in apical hypertrophy, is variable. Beta-adrenergic function may be at least one of its mechanisms. PMID- 3496727 TI - Nutrition and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3496728 TI - Long-term prognosis in relation to ECG findings in acute myocardial infarction. AB - In 680 patients with acute myocardial infarction the prognosis during the following 5 years was related to observations made in a standard electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24 precordial chest leads. Patients with a Q-wave infarction (based on a 12-lead standard ECG) had a mortality rate during hospitalization of 10.2% which was much higher than that in patients with a non-Q wave infarction (1.9%, p less than 0.001). At 5 years' follow-up 33.6% of those with a Q-wave infarction had died versus 28.4% of those with a non-Q-wave infarction (p greater than 0.2). Corresponding mortality rate among patients with no previous infarction (n = 587) was 32.1% and 25.2%, respectively (p = 0.17). In patients with anterior infarction and no previous infarction there was no correlation between Q- and R-wave changes in the 24 chest leads 4 days after admission to hospital and 5-year mortality rate. We thus conclude that patients with a Q-wave infarction had a higher in-hospital mortality compared with non-Q wave infarction as judged from standard ECG, whereas 5-year mortality was similar. Similarly, there was no correlation between Q- and R-wave changes in an increased number of chest leads and 5-year mortality rate. PMID- 3496729 TI - Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and smoking habits predicting different manifestations of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. AB - 1661 men aged 40-59 belonging to two rural communities in Italy were enrolled into a longitudinal study in 1960 and some risk factors were measured. In the next 25 years 779 died from all causes, 309 died from arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and, in particular, 201 from coronary heart disease (CHD), 96 from stroke (STR) and 12 from peripheral arteriosclerotic disease (PAD). The predictive power of mean blood pressure (MBP), of serum cholesterol (CHOL), of cigarette consumption (CIG) and of age (AGE) was evaluated by the multiple logistic model. Beyond AGE, which was always relevant to prediction, the three major risk factors were significant predictors of all cardiovascular diseases (ACVD) and of CHD; only MBP was a significant predictor of STR whereas the limited number of cases prevented from the possibility to obtain stable and significant coefficients for PAD. Within three different sub-categories of CHD only cases ending-up as sudden deaths were significantly related to the three factors including smoking habits, whereas those manifested as myocardial infarction (without sudden death) and those manifested as chronic coronary heart disease (atypical CHD) were related only to MBP and to CHOL. PMID- 3496730 TI - Age-dependence of the rat Leydig cell and Sertoli cell function. Development of the peripheral testosterone level and its relation to mitochondrial and microsomal cytochromes P-450 and to androgen-binding protein. AB - The first part of this study compares peripheral testosterone levels with intratesticular levels of the cytochromes P-450 of two key enzymes of androgen biosynthesis, i.e. mitochondrial cholesterol monooxygenase (P-450(cscc)) and microsomal steroid-17 alpha-monooxygenase (P-450(C17 alpha)) during puberty and early adulthood of male Wistar rats. From 4 to 10 weeks of age, the testosterone level increases 8.7-fold, the P-450(C17 alpha) level 8.3-fold, but the P 450(cscc) level 24.5-fold as an indication of specific induction of this protein. From 13 to 50 weeks of age, the testosterone level remains constant, the P 450(cscc) level increases continuously by a factor of 1.4, but 62% of the P 450(C17 alpha) content are lost. This discrepancy is explained by a divergent regulation of the cytochromes P-450 of the two steroid monooxygenases: a persisting induction of P-450(cscc) and a concurrent down-regulation of P-450(C17 alpha) that may be a consequence of the high rate of Leydig cell steroid hydroxylation after puberty. Overlapping of both processes may (probably besides other developmental factors) result in a constant testosterone concentration in blood. The second part of the study compares testicular and epididymal levels of androgen-binding protein (ABP) with the peripheral testosterone level. The peripubertal increase in testicular ABP content is shown to be related only to the increase in testicular mass, whereas a specific accumulation of ABP occurs in the epididymis from 4 to 13 weeks of age. This pattern indicates an increasing secretory activity of the Sertoli cells that remains high during adulthood up to the 50th week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496731 TI - [Thallium scintigraphy. Its usefulness in the follow-up of alcoholic cirrhosis]. PMID- 3496732 TI - [Expansive processes of the cerebellopontile angle. Neuro-otological evaluation of 146 cases]. AB - A group of 146 patients with surgically proved C-P angle tumors were studied in respect of the incidence of the trigemino-facial and cochleo-vestibular signs. The particular purpose of this study was to determine the pertinent signs in the early diagnosis of the C-P angle tumor, its stage and histo-pathologic feature's determination. The principal indices of C-P angle tumor are: Wrisberg nerve dysfunction; neural hearing loss as designed by stapedius reflex study and BERA; unilateral vestibular deficit without true and persistent vertigo, first at all when associated with central vestibular signs. The central vestibular syndrome grade, the trigeminal hyposensitivity and the cophose can perform a correction of the stage estimation in 39% when false estimation has been done. Endly, 7 criteria are proposed which help the histopathologic feature differentiation. PMID- 3496733 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission tomography with radio-iodine labelled compounds in the diagnosis of dementia. AB - White matter lesions and T1 changes were identified using NMR and then compared between groups of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), Multiple infarct dementia (MID) and normal controls. All DAT and MID patients were also imaged with a gamma camera using 123Iodo-n-isopropyl-amphetamine, a radiopharmaceutical whose uptake in the brain follows the regional blood flow. While NMR was not able to differentiate between DAT and MID, 19 out of 21 DAT patients compared to four out of 18 MID patients showed bilateral parietal lesions on IMP scans. PMID- 3496735 TI - Somatic diseases and sleep complaints. An epidemiological study of 3,201 Swedish men. AB - The prevalence of sleep complaints and somatic diseases was estimated in a random sample of 4064 Swedish men aged 30-69 years. Great difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was experienced by 6.9% and moderate problems in DIS by 14.3%. Complaints of major difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) were reported by 7.5% of the men and of moderate DMS by 14.9%. DMS was more frequent with increasing age. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was reported by 5.7%. Altogether 879 men were attending regular medical examinations for somatic diseases. Among the 299 hypertensive men, major complaints of DMS (13.5%), DIS (8.4%) and EDS (8.8%) were more common, but the 167 men treated with beta-blockers rather showed a proportionally somewhat lower prevalence of sleep complaints. Men with obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 113) had a higher prevalence of DMS (18.8%) and EDS (12.4%). Diabetic men (n = 74) complained also more often of DMS (21.9%), DIS (21.1%) and EDS (12.2%). Men with rheumatic disease (n = 176) and obesity (n = 221) also had increased prevalence of sleep complaints. PMID- 3496734 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver cirrhosis in adults. An analysis of 35 Swedish autopsied cases. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in adults predisposes to lung and liver disease, but its natural history is incompletely known. To better characterize the liver disease, all known deceased adult Swedish patients known to us with homozygous (PiZZ) AAT-deficiency, who had undergone autopsy during the 20-year period 1963-82 were reviewed. Of 94 such patients, 35 had cirrhosis (27 males and eight females) with a mean age at death of 65.5 +/- 10.5 (SD) years compared to 53.6 +/- 12.8 years (p less than 0.01) for the 59 non-cirrhotic patients. The longer survival suggests less severe lung disease in the cirrhotic group. Clinically these patients most frequently presented with ascites or other signs of portal hypertension. Evidence of alcohol overconsumption, chronic viral hepatitis, or autoimmune disease was rare. Aside from low plasma AAT levels, laboratory and other clinical features were indistinguishable from those of decompensated cirrhosis of any etiology. The prognosis was generally grave with a mean survival of two years after diagnosis. Fourteen of the 35 cirrhotics (10 males and four females) had primary liver cancer (PLC) at autopsy. We conclude that cirrhosis and PLC are more frequent complications in elderly patients with AAT-deficiency than was previously known. These complications had a marked male predominance. PMID- 3496736 TI - Cocaine abuse and dependence: the scope of the problem. AB - The dramatic increase in cocaine use over the past 20 years has been of epidemic proportions. Cocaine is an extremely attractive and captivating drug that is a powerful reinforcer, induces strong psychological dependence and produces marked adverse behavioral changes. These characteristics, for planning purposes, would seem to suggest that the problem will continue to expand in scope. What we still do not know is the extent to which this increased use translates into a need for treatment. If as few as 10% of the users become problem users, as occurs with alcohol, we may be faced with a tremendous surge in demand for services such as occurred in the late sixties and for which we are similarly unprepared. We need to launch a major national effort to gain much more basic epidemiologic data, monitor the course of the epidemic, and support the development of new preventive and treatment approaches specifically tailored to cocaine, based on its particular advantages and disadvantages and the characteristics of its user population. PMID- 3496737 TI - Recent trends in cocaine abuse: a view from the National Hotline, "800-COCAINE". AB - A series of research surveys of callers to the "800-COCAINE" National Hotline over the past three years has revealed shifting patterns of cocaine use in the U.S. In addition to showing the geographic spread of cocaine use to virtually all parts of the country, the surveys provide evidence of increased cocaine use among women, adolescents, minorities, and lower socioeconomic groups. Increases have also been seen in individual levels of cocaine consumption, the popularity of freebase smoking, concomitant use of other drugs, cocaine-related automobile accidents, and the use of cocaine in the workplace. Despite inherent limitations, data from the Hotline are highly consistent with large-scale government surveys and predictive of clinical trends. PMID- 3496738 TI - Trends in prevalence and consequences of cocaine use. AB - A variety of data sources and research studies are used to examine changes in the prevalence of cocaine use and assess the population at risk. The issues of progression to more intensified use of cocaine and the use of other drugs in combination with cocaine are investigated. Consequences of cocaine use are discussed, as is the potential impact of changing routes of administration on both the frequency and severity of those consequences. PMID- 3496739 TI - Cocaine use among young adults. AB - The use of cocaine has become quite prevalent among many segments of society, with increasing public concern and personal difficulties resulting from it. This study examines a large group of young adults to determine how cocaine users differ from nonusers. Fully one-third of the sample had used cocaine in the past six months, with about 5% reporting weekly or more use. Numerous important differences were found between users and nonusers in regard to sociodemographic characteristics, use of other licit and illicit drugs, deviant attitudes and behavior, social context of use, physical health, mental health, and life satisfaction. Differences increased with greater involvement with the drug, to the point where cocaine abusers were strikingly different than nonusers. The largest distinctions were noted in regard to cocaine users having more difficulty in the successful acquisition of adult role responsibilities, greater use of other drugs, engaging in more deviant behaviors, and immersion in a social context conducive to use. Smaller but noteworthy differences revealed that cocaine users had poor physical and emotional health statuses and lowered life satisfaction, compared to nonusers. Finally, several personality traits, and in particular a lack of law abidance, predicted a significant increase in cocaine use from adolescence to young adulthood. PMID- 3496740 TI - [Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets in patients with herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 3496741 TI - [Normal values of F-M 100 hue test in Japanese subjects]. PMID- 3496742 TI - [Effect of 1% pimaricin ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of keratomycosis]. PMID- 3496743 TI - High-temperature superconductors: will new materials take the chill off our magnets? PMID- 3496744 TI - Measurement of myocardial infarct size at early and late time intervals using MR imaging: an experimental study in dogs. AB - The current study assessed the capability of ECG-gated MR imaging to quantitate both the percentage of the left ventricle involved by acute myocardial infarction and the mass of acute myocardial infarction at 3 and 21 days after coronary occlusion in dogs. Infarct mass was measured from gated transverse MR images using computer-generated calculated-T2 images. T2 images provided accentuation of the boundary between infarcted and normal myocardium as well as objective, reproducible calculation of image voxels representing infarcted myocardium. Postmortem and in vivo MR infarct mass and percentage correlated closely at 3 days (r = .98, SEE = 0.73 g; r = .97, SEE = 1.2%), and 21 days (r = .94, SEE = 1.54 g; r = .95, SEE = 1.61%). Left ventricular mass, infarct mass, and percentage of infarct were measured on end-diastolic MR images. Infarct mass at 3 and 21 days was not significantly different, with a mean deviation of 0.63 g. There was close intra- and interobserver reproducibility (r = .99 and r = .90, respectively) for measurement of infarct mass. The quantitative technique employed for determining the mass of acute myocardial infarctions, based on the different T2 relaxation times of infarcted and normal myocardium, provides for objective analysis and reproducibility. With this technique, MR provides an accurate method for assessing the mass of acute infarcts and the percentage of the left ventricle involved by the infarct both early and late after coronary occlusion. PMID- 3496745 TI - Instant images of the human heart using a new, whole-body MR imaging system. AB - An extremely rapid MR imaging technique is described, and its use on a new 2.0-T high-speed MR system is demonstrated. This implementation permits complete filling of the two-dimensional spatial-frequency domain (k-space) within an acquisition window of 26 msec. With this acquisition window placed under the spin echo signal envelope generated by a 90-180 degree pulse pair, the image contrast is the same as that of a conventional spin-echo pulse sequence. Resultant proton images have a motion-independent voxel resolution of 0.08 cm3 and a signal-to noise ratio for cardiac muscle of approximately 30:1 (for TE = 30 msec) with no signal averaging. The pulse sequence yields images that are chemical shift resolved. The total proton density distribution is optionally presented with lipid and water signals displayed in two different colors. Cardiac function is observed by displaying multiple images, acquired at different times in successive cardiac periods, in a cyclic movie format. Such motion pictures are obtained within a single period of suspended respiration, thereby assuring freedom from respiratory related motion artifacts. As preliminary examples, we present MR images of the normal adult human heart that have total acquisition times of only 40 msec/image and that show the major cardiac anatomy. Frames from movie loops show contraction of cardiac chambers and left ventricular wall thickening. The extremely rapid acquisition time of this technique suggests that it may hold promise for the routine and cost-effective evaluation of cardiac anatomy and function. PMID- 3496746 TI - Vascular rings: MR imaging. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of MR imaging in identifying anatomic features of vascular rings. MR imaging of the thorax was performed in five consecutive children with symptoms and findings of vascular rings on barium esophagography. The diagnoses were subsequently proved at surgery and/or angiography. Preoperative definition of the anatomy was adequate and accurate in each case. Our preliminary experience with MR imaging in five patients with vascular rings suggests that this technique is an excellent alternative to angiography when further anatomic delineation of the abnormality is required. PMID- 3496747 TI - Compression of left main bronchus and left pulmonary artery by thoracic aortic aneurysm. PMID- 3496748 TI - Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in patients with AIDS: radiologic features. AB - Chest radiographic abnormalities in patients with AIDS usually are associated with opportunistic infection or neoplasm. One hundred five patients with AIDS and clinical evidence of pneumonitis had chest radiographs and underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, or open-lung biopsy. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 73 (70%). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was identified at bronchoscopy or open-lung biopsy in 52 (50%). Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis occurring in the absence of an identifiable infection was documented histologically in 36 (34%). Twenty (56%) of these 36 patients had abnormal chest radiographs. No currently recognized infectious agents were recovered from lavage fluid or were seen histopathologically in patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. The results show that nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis is clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of AIDS patients with interstitial infiltrates. PMID- 3496750 TI - Congenital absence of the azygos vein: a cause for "aortic nipple" enlargement. PMID- 3496749 TI - Thymic atrophy and regrowth in response to chemotherapy: CT evaluation. AB - Twenty-nine consecutive patients 2-35 years old underwent serial thoracic CT evaluations for metastatic disease. Thymic volumes were determined for each patient during cycles of chemotherapy and were compared with the patient's clinical status. This group included patients with Hodgkin's disease (13 patients), osteogenic sarcoma (five), testicular neoplasm (four), Wilms' tumor (three), rhabdomyosarcoma (two), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (one), and Ewing's sarcoma (one). Seven patients with mediastinal lymphoma had tumor involvement of the thymus and therefore were excluded. The 22 remaining patients showed cyclic thymic volume changes in response to chemotherapy or its discontinuance. During the first course of chemotherapy the thymic volume decreased by an average of 43% in 20 of 22 patients. Between the first and second course, regrowth was observed in all 20 of these patients. Among the six patients who received a second course of therapy, an average volume decrease of 36% was observed during the second course with regrowth again occurring during recovery from chemotherapy. Thymic rebound (regrowth 50% greater than baseline volume) occurred in five patients, three of whom were in clinical remission. The thymus appears to atrophy during the administration of chemotherapy and regrow during the recovery phase of chemotherapy in 90% of the patients studied. Thymic hyperplasia or rebound is a relatively common phenomenon occurring in 25% of patients. The size of the thymus appears to be extremely sensitive to chemotherapy. PMID- 3496751 TI - Evaluation of optical unsharp masking and contrast enhancement of low-scatter chest radiographs. AB - Conventional chest radiography poses a challenging technical problem because of its requirement for simultaneous high-contrast display and wide-latitude recording across the entire image. We developed and evaluated a method of producing chest radiographs by using a tantalum air-interspace grid for highly efficient scatter rejection, wide-latitude X-ray film for recording the low scatter image, and a LogEtronics printer for optical unsharp masking and contrast enhancement of the recorded image (TWL technique). TWL images can be readily obtained and have excellent contrast and detail across the entire image. In comparison with a conventional technique, the TWL technique provides about a 15% improvement in image contrast in well-penetrated areas and a threefold to tenfold improvement in poorly penetrated areas. A detection study using simulated lung nodules and a chest phantom showed about 10% overall improvement in nodule detection with the TWL technique (51% vs 42%), most of which was due to improvement in detection rates in poorly penetrated areas of the chest (62% vs 26%). In well-penetrated areas, there was a decrease in detection rates (52% vs 44%) using TWL images despite measured improvements in image contrast in these areas. Possibly this was due to the observers' unfamiliarity with the reversed contrast TWL images. Our results show the TWL technique to be valuable for improving image quality and diagnostic accuracy in chest radiography. PMID- 3496752 TI - Two-view specimen radiography in surgical biopsy of nonpalpable breast masses. AB - Nonpalpable, low-density, noncalcified lesions sometimes can be difficult to see on an initial specimen radiograph. In 57 consecutive wire localizations, 37 patients had obvious microcalcifications and did not require a second specimen radiograph. Twenty-six patients had nonpalpable, noncalcified lesions, and a second specimen radiograph was obtained in 24 of these. In four of these cases the initial specimen radiograph failed to show the suspected lesion, and a second specimen radiograph orthogonal to the original plane of orientation of the specimen showed the lesion to be contained within the biopsied material. Although it is seldom necessary to use this technique, it may obviate a second biopsy specimen as well as reduce operative time. We found that a second orthogonal specimen radiograph provided important information in 7% of cases. PMID- 3496753 TI - Imaging of surgically relevant hepatic vascular and segmental anatomy. Part 2. Extent and resectability of hepatic neoplasms. PMID- 3496754 TI - Gallium-67 detection of occult gastric lymphoma in AIDS. PMID- 3496755 TI - Esophageal radiography and manometry: correlation in 172 patients with dysphagia. AB - Radiographic and manometric examinations of the esophagus were correlated in 172 patients with dysphagia. Esophageal manometry was abnormal in 66 (38%), with diagnoses of nonspecific esophageal motor disorder (26), achalasia (19), nutcracker esophagus (12), diffuse esophageal spasm (seven), and scleroderma (two). Compared with manometry, radiographic sensitivities were 95% (18 of 19) for achalasia, 71% (five of seven) for diffuse esophageal spasm, and 46% (12 of 26) for nonspecific esophageal motor disorder. Nutcracker esophagus was not diagnosed specifically on the radiographic examination. Overall radiographic sensitivity was 56% (37 of 66) but increased to 89% by excluding nutcracker esophagus and nonspecific esophageal motor disorders. In 106 manometrically normal patients, radiographic specificity was 91% with 10 false-positive diagnoses of nonspecific motor disorder. We conclude that radiographic examination of the esophagus is useful in patients with dysphagia for evaluating functional esophageal abnormalities, although detection rates vary widely with the type of motor disorder. PMID- 3496756 TI - The accuracy of CT in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Previous studies have reported the accuracy of CT in distinguishing stages of prostatic carcinoma, but they lack uniform surgical proof of histopathologic stage. We evaluated CT scans in 32 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy to assess its role in the preoperative staging of prostatic carcinoma. Two experienced radiologists blindly interpreted CT scans of the pelvis; they looked for evidence of tumor beyond the prostatic capsule and involvement of the seminal vesicles (stage C) or involvement of pelvic lymph nodes (stage D). Sixty-four interpretations in 32 patients yielded a specificity of 75% for predicting stages A or B disease (local disease), a sensitivity of 50% for the prediction of stages C or D, and an overall accuracy of staging of 67%. Interpretation errors were due to an inability to detect lymph node metastases, errors in evaluating the seminal vesicles, and errors in interpreting densities surrounding the prostate gland. Our data suggest that CT should not be used to influence decisions concerning surgical vs nonsurgical treatment in patients with clinically staged local disease and is only useful when unsuspected metastatic nodal disease is detected. PMID- 3496757 TI - Control of postoperative vaginal hemorrhage by embolization of the medial circumflex femoral artery. PMID- 3496758 TI - Vertebral erosions in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. AB - Unlike articular erosions in the appendicular skeleton, the frequency, appearance, and clinical relevance of vertebral erosions in azotemic osteodystrophy are not known. Lateral vertebral radiographs of 118 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were reviewed to assess the frequency, distribution, and rate of progression of vertebral erosions. Thirty (25%) of 118 patients showed a superficial corner erosion resembling the so-called Romanus lesion of ankylosing spondylitis. Their presence, whether at a single level or at multiple levels, did not correlate with erosive changes in the phalanges or sacroiliac joints that are known to occur in renal osteodystrophy. Vertebral erosions may progress slowly with time, but seem to have limited bearing on clinical symptoms. In two patients, however, the radiographic changes progressed dramatically, simulating an infection. Biopsy and surgical intervention were considered but not carried out because one patient declined and in the other an infected graft was identified as the source of infection. Both patients had negative scintiscans, and their subsequent clinical courses excluded infectious spondylitis. Vertebral erosions in patients on maintenance hemodialysis are frequent, and there appears to be a spectrum of changes from superficial erosions to large resorptive defects. Further diagnostic evaluation of these erosive changes appears to be warranted only rarely. PMID- 3496759 TI - Stress fractures of the distal tibia and calcaneus subsequent to acute fractures of the tibia and fibula. AB - Stress fractures (two in the calcaneus and four in the distal tibia) occurring distal to the site of a healing fracture of the tibia or fibula were discovered in five patients. Three of these fractures were identified radiographically at the time of their occurrence, and three were identified only after retrospective review of the radiographs of 74 patients with previous tibial or fibular fractures. Three of the patients were less than 10 years old. All five patients had disuse osteopenia and recently had begun weight-bearing. Four patients had healing of their acute fractures with angulation or displacement. Stress fractures can easily be overlooked on radiographic studies in this setting and may be a source of pain that mistakenly can be attributed to malunion or nonunion. Stress fractures should be considered in patients with fractures of the lower extremity, particularly those who experience new or persistent pain or discomfort. PMID- 3496760 TI - MR imaging of the shoulder: diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. AB - Twenty-five patients with known or suspected tears of the rotator cuff in 26 shoulders underwent MR imaging. All patients also underwent arthrography or surgery. MR visualized abnormalities consistent with a tear in 20 of the 22 tears diagnosed by arthrography or surgery. In most cases, tears were seen as regions of increased signal intensity within the cuff on long-TR pulse sequences, although two cases simply showed an almost complete absence of normal cuff. The MR appearance of the two cases with partial tears was similar to that of full thickness tears. Of the four cases with normal arthrograms, one case had MR findings consistent with a tear. We conclude that MR has good potential for the noninvasive diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Its ultimate role in this diagnosis must await prospective studies comparing its accuracy with that of sonography, CT, and arthrography. PMID- 3496761 TI - Skeletal measurements using a flying spot digital imaging device. AB - A flying spot digital imaging unit was devised to measure skeletal length and angles. This device uses a spinning chopper wheel and fixed slit collimator in front of a conventional X-ray tube to produce a scanning pencil beam that passes through the patient and onto an electronic detector. The beam scans the patient transversely and the device moves longitudinally, creating a digital image with a skin dose of less than 2 mrad (0.02 mGy). Patients can be imaged both when upright and when recumbent. A large field of view makes it possible for the entire length of the spine or lower extremities to be included in a single image. Built-in computer algorithms are used to make measurements of skeletal lengths and angles. The accuracy of the digital device was tested by making measurements of known angles and lengths using protractors and rulers. Skeletal measurements were then made on a number of patients. Interobserver error was tested using both patient and nonpatient images. The following patient measurements were made: Cobb angle in 166 patients with scoliosis; knee joint angles in 120 patients undergoing knee surgery; lower extremity lengths in 78 patients with length inequalities; bony fragment angulation and displacement in 30 patients with healing fractures. These studies have shown the device to be accurate with low interobserver error, while delivering much lower patient dose than more conventional methods. The ability to manipulate window levels and widths enables visualization of thick and thin body parts on the same image. Our experience both in the laboratory and with patients has been encouraging, and the method appears to have several advantages over more conventional techniques. PMID- 3496762 TI - A device for maintaining cervical spine stabilization and traction during CT scanning. PMID- 3496763 TI - MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging. AB - The type, frequency, and extent of MR signal abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging are a subject of controversy. With a 1.5-MR unit we studied 12 Alzheimer patients, four subjects suffering from multiinfarct dementia and nine age-matched controls. Punctate or early confluent high-signal abnormalities in the deep white matter, noted in 60% of both Alzheimer patients and controls, were unrelated to the presence of hypertension or other vascular risk factors. A significant number of Alzheimer patients exhibited a more extensive smooth "halo" of periventricular hyperintensity when compared with controls (p = .024). Widespread deep white-matter hyperintensity (two patients) and extensive, irregular periventricular hyperintensity (three patients) were seen in multiinfarct dementia. Areas of high signal intensity affecting hippocampal and sylvian cortex were also present in five Alzheimer and two multiinfarct dementia patients, but absent in controls. Discrete, small foci of deep white-matter hyperintensity are not characteristic of Alzheimer's disease nor do they appear to imply a vascular cause for the dementing illness. The frequently observed "halo" of periventricular hyperintensity in Alzheimer's disease may be of diagnostic importance. High-signal abnormalities in specific cortical regions are likely to reflect disease processes localized to those structures. PMID- 3496764 TI - Reduced signal intensity on MR images of thalamus and putamen in multiple sclerosis: increased iron content? AB - High-field-strength (1.5-T) MR imaging was used to evaluate 47 patients with definite multiple sclerosis and 42 neurologically normal control patients. Abnormal, multiple foci of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images, most prominent in the periventricular white matter, were apparent in 43 of 47 MS patients and in two of 42 control patients. A previously undescribed finding of relatively decreased signal intensity most evident in the putamen and thalamus on T2-weighted images was seen in 25 of 42 MS patients and correlated with the degree of white-matter abnormality. In the normal control patients a prominently decreased signal intensity was noted in the globus pallidus, as compared with the putamen or thalamus, correlating closely with the distribution of ferric iron as determined in normal Perls'-stained autopsy brains. The decreased signal intensity (decreased T2) is due to ferritin, which causes local magnetic field inhomogeneities and is proportional to the square of the field strength. The decreased T2 in the thalamus and striatum in MS may be related to abnormally increased iron accumulation in these locales with the underlying mechanism remaining speculative. PMID- 3496765 TI - New needle for MR-guided aspiration cytology of the head and neck. PMID- 3496766 TI - MR of craniopharyngiomas: tumor delineation and characterization. AB - MR imaging and CT (with and without contrast enhancement) were performed in 20 patients with an established or clinically suspected diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. Fifteen had biopsy-proven craniopharyngioma and five had presumed craniopharyngioma based on clinical and CT findings. In two cases MR was superior to contrast-enhanced CT in demonstrating the tumor. A variable appearance on T1-weighted MR images reflected the pathologic appearance of craniopharyngiomas. High intensity on T1-weighted images corresponded to high cholesterol content or presence of methemoglobin. MR was the preferred method in the evaluation of tumor extent, especially in the cavernous sinus and posterior clival region. CT was superior to MR in detecting the presence of calcification, which with the clinical history correctly suggested the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. Both MR and CT studies are desired initially to establish the diagnosis and to evaluate tumor extent. MR was the preferred method in detecting the presence of recurrent tumor. PMID- 3496767 TI - Adverse reactions after iohexol lumbar myelography: influence of postprocedural positioning. AB - A prospective study of 110 patients having iohexol lumbar myelograms indicates that patient positioning does not significantly influence the frequency of adverse postprocedural reactions. Thus, after the procedure, patients may be allowed to choose either ambulation or bed rest with their heads raised. PMID- 3496768 TI - The coexistence of obstruction at the ureteropelvic and ureterovesical junctions. AB - Obstructions at the ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction were found to coexist in 14 children seen over an 11-year period. The coexistence of these two conditions made the diagnosis of each difficult. In only three children were both diagnoses made preoperatively; in the others, the second diagnosis was either suspected at surgery or was made on postoperative uroradiologic studies. Of five children in whom the initial diagnosis was obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction, only two have needed surgery for obstruction at the ureterovesical junction. Seven children had an initial diagnosis of obstruction at the ureterovesical junction, and all required subsequent pyeloplasty to relieve coexisting obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction. Therefore, our experience suggests that when both obstructions are known to exist or are suspected preoperatively, it is advisable to repair the stenosis at the ureteropelvic junction first, as distal ureteral surgery may not be necessary. PMID- 3496769 TI - Instruction in image processing for residents in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 3496770 TI - Women in academic radiology. PMID- 3496771 TI - Xeroradiography in the evaluation of below-knee prosthetic devices. PMID- 3496772 TI - Localization devices for occult breast lesions. PMID- 3496773 TI - Action of persistent administration of a hapten with a reactive group (TNBS) and mono-or divalent conjugates of hapten to molecules without other reactive groups on anti-TNP-LPS response. AB - The intrinsic tolerization mechanisms of the B cell have been postulated either at the level of membrane receptor blockade, before the appearance of membrane receptors, or more intracellularly. For the first possibility a certain multivalence or epitope/hapten density of the antigen molecule is required. Tolerance has been induced by free haptens that possess a reactive group, but haptens lacking such a reactive group may not necessarily be tolerized. We studied the effect on a possible response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) by persistent stimulation of immature Swiss mice with: a free hapten containing a reactive group (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid of TNBS), the low M.W. trinitrophenyl (TNP)-glycine conjugate, and dinitrophenyl (DNP)-polyethylene glycol conjugates; the M.W. of polyethylene glycol being 6,000, 20,000 and 35,000 respectively. Persistent injection of TNBS hapten profoundly tolerated the response to TNP-LPS, whereas the administration of TNP-glycine and DNP polyethylene glycol conjugates not only fails to tolerate the response, but might stimulate it. Possible explanations for these results are discussed; the tolerogenicactivity of TNBS is ascribed to its binding to another receptor or membrane component, thus impairing "capping" formation by the specific receptor. Alternatively, by acting more intracellularly, TNBS may inhibit the B-cell maturation/differentiation. It would be interesting to find out whether the other conjugates, which are stimulant, could also be tolerated when inoculated for a very long period of time, as has been shown to happen with many antigens administered in immunogenic doses for several months. PMID- 3496774 TI - Mechanisms of the development and resolution of paradoxical interventricular septal motion after uncomplicated cardiac surgery. AB - Of 16 patients with normal preoperative left ventricular (LV) function studied by simultaneous two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography before and after uncomplicated cardiac surgery, M-mode interventricular septal motion remained normal in seven (group I) and was paradoxical in nine (group II) 7 to 13 days postoperatively, but was normal in all 12 patients (7 group II) studied 3 to 18 months later. An abnormal systolic increase in normalized septal curvature, the essential feature of truly paradoxical septal motion, was not observed in either group during any study period (mean = 0.92 +/- 0.08), nor were significant differences found in septal thickening, LV fractional shortening, or fractional area change. In contrast, systolic anterior motion of the LV center increased from -0.1 +/- 1.6 mm preoperatively to 4.8 +/- 2.5 mm postoperatively in group II (p less than 0.001), and the LV posterior wall motion:thickening ratio increased from 1.10 +/- 0.33 to 2.16 +/- 0.45 (p less than 0.01), but both parameters had returned to preoperative levels at the follow-up study. Both parameters remained stable in group I during all study periods. In addition, direct intraoperative M mode recordings (n = 14) demonstrated normal septal motion in both groups before chest closure, but esophageal echocardiograms (n = 10) demonstrated exaggerated anterior systolic LV motion within 2 hours of surgery in those from group II. Thus, early after uncomplicated cardiac surgery, apparently paradoxical septal motion relative to a fixed reference point is an artifact due to exaggerated cardiac mobility that resolves with the progressive restraining effect of postoperative adhesions. PMID- 3496775 TI - Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomographic estimates of left ventricular mass in patients with and without ischemic heart disease. AB - A new automated edge detection program has been developed to estimate left ventricular mass from single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium-201 images of patients. Left ventricular (LV) mass was measured from contrast angiograms in 21 patients and was compared with LV mass estimated from thallium-201 tomographic studies. A comparison of angiographic mass to mass estimated from stress studies yielded an r = 0.97 (SEE = 21.6 gm) and a comparison of angiographic mass to mass determined from the redistribution images yielded r = 0.96 (SEE = 23.0 gm). Values of mass from stress and redistribution studies varied 7.3% +/- 6.7 and 8.8% +/- 9.2, respectively, when compared with values obtained by cineangiography. LV mass derived from the stress and redistribution studies were highly correlated (r = 0.97; SEE = 21.9 gm). Linear regression analysis revealed a slope of 1.06 (stress ventricular mass = 1.06 X redistribution mass - 14.9 gm). Thirteen patients had two thallium-201 SPECT studies performed approximately 1 month apart. Estimated LV mass was highly correlated when the two studies were compared (r = 0.94; SEE = 21.7 gm comparing the two stress studies; and r = 0.93, SEE = 19.4 gm for the two redistribution studies). We conclude that SPECT thallium-201 imaging can define LV mass accurately and reproducibly in normal, ischemic, or infarcted tissue. PMID- 3496776 TI - Cardiac pheochromocytoma involving the left main coronary artery presenting with exertional angina. PMID- 3496777 TI - Right-to-left intracardiac shunt and constrictive pericarditis following coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3496778 TI - Usefulness of Holter monitoring to improve the sensitivity of exercise testing in determining the degree of myocardial revascularization after coronary artery bypass grafting for stable angina pectoris. AB - To assess whether Holter monitoring improves the sensitivity of exercise testing in identifying incomplete myocardial revascularization, both tests were performed in 45 patients from 3 to 5 months after elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for stable angina pectoris. Coronary angiography revealed incomplete revascularization in 26 patients. Six of these 26 had 52 episodes of ST-segment depression during Holter monitoring and myocardial ischemia during exercise testing. Their exercise capacity was significantly lower than that of 10 other patients in whom the results of exercise testing only were positive (heart rate at 0.1 mV ST-segment depression 112 +/- 9 vs 123 +/- 15 beats/min, p less than 0.001). In the other 10 patients with incomplete myocardial revascularization the results of both investigations were negative. The graft patency rate was lower in patients with a positive response to exercise testing than in those with a negative response (52% vs 71%, p less than 0.005). Myocardial revascularization was angiographically complete in 19 patients. In 18 of these 19 patients the findings of both investigations were negative; in 1 patient Holter monitoring revealed episodes of ST-segment elevation suggestive of variant angina. Thus, after CABG for stable angina pectoris the results of Holter monitoring do not improve the sensitivity of exercise testing in identifying patients with angiographically incomplete myocardial revascularization because findings are positive only in patients with low exercise capacity. Both tests fail to show evidence of myocardial ischemia in most patients with angiographically complete myocardial revascularization. PMID- 3496779 TI - Effects on hemodynamics and left ventricular ejection fraction of intravenous bepridil for impaired left ventricular function secondary to coronary artery disease. AB - To define the hemodynamic effects of bepridil in patients with depressed left ventricular (LV) function, 22 patients with an LV ejection fraction (EF) of 0.45 or less were studied before and after 2 mg/kg (n = 11) and 4 mg/kg (n = 11) of intravenous bepridil. Maximal hemodynamic effects were evident between 15 and 30 minutes after drug infusion. After 2 mg/kg, heart rate decreased 9% (p less than 0.01), cardiac index 17% (p less than 0.01), LV dP/dt max 16% (p less than 0.01), stroke work index 14% (p less than 0.01) and mean aortic pressure 8% (difference not significant). Right atrial pressure increased 8% (not significant), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure 24% (p less than 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance 17% (p less than 0.01). After administering 4 mg/kg of bepridil the changes in heart rate, cardiac index, right atrial pressure, LV dP/dt max, mean aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance were almost identical to those after the smaller dose. The larger dose produced a 40% (p less than 0.01) increase in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and a 22% decrease in stroke work index (p less than 0.01), but only the change in wedge pressure was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that produced by the lower dose. Radionuclide-determined LVEF decreased 6% (p less than 0.05), from 0.33 +/- 0.14 after 2 mg/kg and 11% (p less than 0.05) from 0.27 +/- 0.11 after 4 mg/kg of bepridil. The data indicate that bepridil exerts significant negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in patients with impaired LV function. PMID- 3496780 TI - Essential thrombocythemia with acquired von Willebrand's disease. AB - Two patients with essential thrombocythemia showed a marked decrease in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in addition to other aggregation defects during routine aggregation studies for prolonged bleeding times. Further investigation revealed type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) in one patient and a variant of vWD compatible with type IIA defect in the second patient. The latter patient had minor episodes of epistaxis clinically, while the patient with type I disease experienced excessive blood loss during menstrual periods. Both patients gave negative history for abnormal bleeding in the past or in their families. Both have had uneventful surgical procedures in the past, at which time bleeding times and basic coagulation test results were normal. PMID- 3496781 TI - Collagen-binding of von Willebrand's factor antigen in the classification of von Willebrand's disease. AB - Analysis of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand's factor (vWf) was compared with vWf-binding to collagen in subjects' plasma. The percentage binding of vWf to collagen was determined by both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Normal subjects, type I von Willebrand's disease (vWd), and type II vWd were studied. The authors have found by correlating collagen-binding results with multimeric analysis that normal controls exhibit 85.4 +/- 5.1% collagen absorption of their vWf, patients with type I vWd 80.8 +/- 5.3%, whereas patients exhibiting a deficiency of high molecular weight vWf have 32.3 +/- 16.6% collagen absorption of vWf. The results suggest that this functional assay of vWf can be used in the classification of vWd and in the detection of new dysfunctional forms of vWf. PMID- 3496782 TI - Heat probe versus BICAP probe in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3496783 TI - Prognostic indicators in acute variceal hemorrhage after treatment by schlerotherapy. AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate prognostic indicators in patients receiving endoscopic injection sclerosis for bleeding esophageal varices. The results below were obtained from a prospective nonrandomized study in which the patients were subdivided into the following groups (subsets): elective sclerotherapy--10, active variceal bleeding at endoscopy--47, active variceal bleeding with spontaneous resolution at the time of endoscopy--21, and gastric variceal bleeding--nine. The data were analyzed as follows: 14 variables possibly affecting 6-wk survival were evaluated by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Variables examined were subset, age, sex, Child's classification, ascites, comorbid conditions, SGOT, bilirubin, protime, albumin, volume of initial bleed, volume of rebleed, rebleed rate, and Blakemore tube use. Survival curves were also compared using the Kaplan-Meier methodology. The following results were obtained. First, the subsets above had significantly different survival curve patterns with the elective endoscopic injection sclerosis group having the best prognosis and the gastric variceal bleeders a significantly poorer survival. Second, stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed the following four significant variable prognostic indicators: comorbid factors, subset, Child's classification, and serum albumin. Although the latter two variables, Child's class (p = 0.03) and albumin (p = 0.1) had an impact on six week survival, this was no longer seen when subset (p = 0.0124) and comorbid factors (p = 0.003) were taken into account. We conclude that comorbid factors and subsets of variceal bleeding in themselves were the only two prognostic indicators showing a statistically significant association with 6-wk and long-term survival. In contrast, the more usual clinical prognostic parameters, i.e., the physical findings and biochemical test of liver function in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding, were of lesser prognostic magnitude. PMID- 3496784 TI - Bilateral perinephric abscesses: a complication of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. AB - Ten years after right hepatic lobectomy for primary hepatocellular cancer, a 45 yr-old black woman presented with bleeding esophageal varices. After five endoscopic injection sclerotherapy procedures using sodium morrhuate, she developed fever and elevated white blood count. Reendoscopy, chest x-ray, and upper gastrointestinal contrast x-rays showed no local complication. Urine analysis was normal, but CT scans, renal sonograms, and white blood cell radionuclide scan demonstrated bilateral perinephric abscesses. Percutaneous abscess drainage grew Streptococcus pneumoniae, normally found in the nasopharyngeal flora, which was probably a result of hematogenous spread. The perinephric abscesses were successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. Renal infection should be considered as a possible locus of distant blood-borne infection in patients who develop fever after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 3496785 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia with portal hypertension in a patient with myasthenia gravis. AB - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is a rare cause of portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices, occurring mainly in association with collagen vascular diseases. The patient described herein had both myasthenia gravis and nodular regenerative hyperplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this association. PMID- 3496786 TI - 5-Aminosalicylic acid enemas in refractory distal ulcerative colitis: long-term results. AB - In this trial, we examined the role of 4-g 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) enema in the long-term management of patients with previously refractory distal ulcerative colitis. Of 20 such patients treated with nightly 5-ASA enemas, 16 improved symptomatically, with 15 achieving clinical remission and 14 achieving sigmoidoscopic remission within 3 to 5 wk. An attempt was made to maintain clinical remission with 5-ASA enemas in these 16 by successively decreasing the frequency of administration to every other night and then every third night, as long as remission was maintained. Relapses were treated by reinstituting nightly 5-ASA enema administration followed by another attempt at tapering the frequency of administration. Follow-up has ranged from 5 to 16 months. Nine patients were rapidly tapered to every third night administration, but six relapsed. Of these six, four were brought into remission with reinitiation of nightly enemas and tapered to every three nights, whereas one ultimately required enemas every two nights for control and one required enemas nightly (with mild symptoms). Six other patients relapsed when the enemas were tapered to every two nights, and after retreatment on a nightly regimen, four could be maintained on an every third night regimen while two have required every second night administration. One patient has required nightly administration from the outset. Currently, one patient is off all medication, while eight are on an every third night, three are on an every second night, and three are on a nightly schedule. We conclude that in patients with distal ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy but responsive to 5-ASA enemas, relapse is common as the frequency of 5-ASA enema administration is decreased, although some patients may be maintained on a less than nightly schedule. The optimal maintenance regimen remains to be determined. PMID- 3496787 TI - T-cell subsets and myeloma cell mass. PMID- 3496788 TI - The spectrum of renal histopathology in patients with significant proteinuria in Vanuatu. AB - Renal biopsies were performed on 21 of 27 Melanesian patients presenting with significant proteinuria in Vanuatu from 1983 to 1985. All patients had more than 2 g of proteinuria per 24 hours or clinical evidence of the nephrotic syndrome. The average age of the patients who were biopsied was 31 years. Three of the 21 patients had evidence of active malaria at the time of presentation, and all of these patients had Plasmodium falciparum. Renal histopathology revealed that six patients (29%) had amyloidosis and five patients (24%) had mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (type 1). Of particular note was the fact that only one patient had membranous glomerulonephropathy and only one patient had minimal change nephrotic syndrome, the two most common lesions reported in nephrotic patients in Europe and the United States. Thus, the spectrum of renal histopathology in patients presenting in Vanuatu with significant proteinuria is very different from that seen in Western Countries. PMID- 3496789 TI - The role of dialysate in the stimulation of interleukin-1 production during clinical hemodialysis. AB - To evaluate the role of the dialysate in the stimulation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) production during clinical hemodialysis (HD), we studied maintenance HD patients in two experiments. Cellulosic hollow-fiber dialyzers were obtained after 20 minutes of HD using either nonsterile standard dialysate (n = 6) or sterile pyrogen free 0.9% saline as dialysate (n = 6). After rinsing the blood compartment with normal saline, dialyzers were incubated at 37 degrees C for six hours. Aliquots from the blood compartment were analyzed for the presence of IL-1 by (1) rabbit pyrogenic response after intravenous injection or (2) thymocyte co proliferation assay. The in vivo assay showed a significantly greater febrile response when standard dialysate was used than in the sterile saline group (P less than .001), and this response could be abolished by heat inactivation of aliquots (P less than .001). The in vitro assay confirmed the presence of significantly greater amounts of IL-1 (P less than .05). Studies were repeated using filter sterilized standard dialysate (n = 6) v standard dialysate (n = 6) for 240 minutes of clinical HD. The in vitro assay revealed significantly lower IL-1 levels in the filtered sterilized dialysate group (P less than .05), however, a blank control assay showed yet significantly lower levels (P less than .05). We conclude that IL-1 is produced during clinical HD and that endotoxin or its fragments play a role in the stimulation of IL-1 production, probably through monocytes adhering to the dialysis membrane. In addition to this dialysate factor, IL-1 production appears also to be stimulated by a blood-membrane interaction. PMID- 3496790 TI - B cell malignancies presenting with unusual bone involvement and mimicking multiple myeloma. Study of nine cases. AB - Nine unusual cases of B cell malignancies presenting with lytic bone lesions on radiography and/or hypercalcemia, and mimicking multiple myeloma are reported in this study. These cases included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (one patient), non Hodgkin's lymphoma (five patients), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (two patients), and Waldenstrom's disease (one patient). Quantitative bone biopsy performed in two patients (one with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one with Waldenstrom's disease) demonstrated a dramatic increase in osteoclastic resorption close to tumor cells in both cases, similar to or even more marked than that observed in multiple myeloma. Finally, significant production of bone resorbing activity was found in short-term liquid culture specimens of tumor cells in eight of the nine cases. These observations clearly indicate that in B cell disorders other than multiple myeloma, the malignant B cells can produce significant bone resorbing activity in vitro and result in excessive osteoclastic resorption and lytic bone lesions, frequent hypercalcemia, and an overall disease picture clinically mimicking multiple myeloma. PMID- 3496791 TI - Development of a scoring system to predict mortality from upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Despite the widespread application of endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, there is little evidence of improved survival among those who undergo the procedure. To select high-risk patients who might benefit most from diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy, the authors developed and validated a scoring system based on prognostic indicators of increased mortality. The scoring system was developed from the best clinical predictors of mortality, determined in a prospective study of consecutive bleeding patients. The model was then tested in a prospective validation phase at three hospitals. Three main factors in the model predict mortality: bleeding, including hematochezia, drop in hematocrit of 5%, short duration of bleeding, absence of melena, and hypotension; liver disease, manifested by prolonged prothrombin time and encephalopathy; and renal disease. Patients determined to be at high risk for death using the scoring system might be candidates for aggressive management and for therapeutic endoscopy. PMID- 3496792 TI - Effect of dialyzer geometry on granulocyte and complement activation. AB - During hemodialysis with cuprophan membranes, the complement system as well as leukocytes become activated. In order to clarify the role of dialyzer geometry, the effect of hollow-fiber versus flat-sheet dialyzers and of different surface areas on C3a generation and leukocyte degranulation was investigated. Plasma levels of leukocyte elastase in complex with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor were significantly increased after 1 h (+55%) and 3 h (+62%) of hemodialysis with flat sheet dialyzers as compared to hollow-fiber devices. In addition, plasma levels of lactoferrin, released from the specific granules of leukocytes during activation, were significantly higher (+42%) 3 h after the onset of dialysis treatment with flat-sheet than with hollow-fiber dialyzers. With respect to surface area, larger dialyzers tended to cause more release of leukocyte elastase as compared to dialyzers with smaller surface areas, irrespectively of the configuration of the dialyzer used. On the other hand, activation of the complement system, as measured by the generation of C3a-desarg, did not differ with both types of configurations. The same held true for leukopenia, which was almost identical for hollow-fiber and flat-sheet dialyzers. From these findings two lines of evidence emerge: First, not only the type of membrane material used in a dialyzer may influence its biocompatibility, but the geometry of the extracorporeal device also determines the degree of compatibility. Hence, the extent of leukocyte activation correlated with both configuration of the dialyzer and surface area of the membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496793 TI - Abnormalities in platelet antiglobulin tests in preeclamptic mothers and their neonates. AB - We prospectively studied 40 women with preeclampsia and 26 women with normal pregnancy for the presence of platelet-bound and circulating platelet-bindable immunoglobulin and complement. Although only 12 patients with preeclampsia had a platelet count less than 150,000/mm3, 36 of 40 demonstrated an abnormal direct antiglobulin test, compared with only three of 26 control subjects (p less than 10(-8]. An abnormal indirect test was also detected in 30 of 40 patients with preeclampsia compared with five of 26 healthy pregnant control women (p = 9.3 X 10(-6]. Abnormal antiglobulin tests persisted for 2 to 6 weeks after delivery. Although each neonate had a platelet count greater than 200,000/mm3 at the time of delivery, 10 of 18 had an abnormal direct antiglobulin test compared with one of 14 control subjects (p = 0.0049). The high frequency of abnormal platelet antiglobulin tests in women with preeclampsia and their neonates may indicate an immune cause of certain aspects of the syndrome or may reflect the extent of platelet activation. PMID- 3496794 TI - Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic features of subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome. AB - We studied histopathologic and immunohistopathologic features of an eye from a patient who had hypopigmented choroidal lesions with subsequent development of progressive subretinal fibrotic tissue associated with minimal signs of vitreal inflammation. A 24-year-old woman had a rapid and severe onset of the disease, which led to blindness within a few months despite treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Histopathologic studies disclosed a marked gliotic retina and thick subretinal fibrotic tissue as well as a granulomatous lymphocytic infiltration in the choroid. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the subretinal tissue was derived from retinal pigment epithelial cells. The immunoperoxidase staining showed similar proportions of T and B lymphocytes, indicating a relative increase of B cells. There was a predominance of the helper/inducer T lymphocyte subset in the infiltrating area. The Muller cells in the retina expressed class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 3496795 TI - Recombinant human alpha lymphotoxin (tumor necrosis factor-beta) induces peripheral neutrophilia and lymphopenia in the rat. AB - Recombinant human alpha lymphotoxin (rLT) administered intravenously to Lewis rats induces peripheral neutrophilia and lymphopenia in a dose-response dependent fashion. A dose of 30,000 units of rLT induced a neutrophilia (1589 +/- 326 to 5554 +/- 1050 neutrophils/cu mm) and lymphopenia (10,368 +/- 992 to 4636 +/- 878 lymphocytes/cu mm) at 2 hours after injection that was highly significant (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001, respectively) in comparison with vehicle controls. The kinetics of the neutrophilia that peaked at 2 hours as well as of the lymphopenia were highly reminiscent of the neutrophilia and lymphopenia following intravenous administration of either recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) alpha or beta to rats. The peripheral neutrophilia was accompanied by a significant depletion of bone marrow neutrophils (P less than 0.001), as is also known to occur after administration of IL-1. Systemic blood pressure was not affected by rLT, which suggested that the changes in circulating leukocyte subsets were not attributable to hemodynamic changes nor to the hemodynamic change-related release of adrenal hormones. Adrenalectomy did not alter the rLT induced neutrophilia or lymphopenia, which suggested that rLT does not mediate its hematologic effects on peripheral blood leukocytes via the release of adrenal hormones. Pretreatment of rats with dexamethasone, indomethacin, or aspirin also did not alter rLT-induced neutrophilia or lymphopenia, which suggested that rLT induced hematologic effects were not mediated via arachidonic acid metabolites, in stark contrast to IL-1 induced neutrophilia, which is inhibited by both dexamethasone and indomethacin. PMID- 3496797 TI - Mechanical work, oxygen consumption, and efficiency in isolated frog and rat muscle. AB - The total work done during shortening, in repeated stretch-shortening cycles and the subsequent recovery oxygen consumption were measured in isolated frog (Rana esculenta) sartorius at 12 degrees C and rat (Wistar strain) extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus at 20 degrees C. Two procedures were followed. In the first, the muscles were lengthened in the relaxed state and stimulated isometrically just before and during the first part of shortening. The peak efficiency (positive work done divided by the energetic equivalent of the oxygen consumed) was approximately 25% at 0.75-1.5 muscle lengths/s (Lo/s) in sartorius, 19% at 1.0 Lo/s in EDL, and 15% at 0.5 Lo/s in the soleus. In contrast to the measured efficiency values, the ratio between the tension-time integral and the oxygen consumption (the economy) is greater in soleus than in EDL. In the second procedure, stimulation began before stretching and continued during the first part of shortening. In this case, the efficiency attained values of approximately 35% in sartorius, 50% in EDL, and 40% in soleus. These values are in rough agreement with those measured in vivo during running. PMID- 3496796 TI - In situ quantitation of inflammatory mononuclear cells in ductal infiltrating breast carcinoma. Relation to prognostic parameters. AB - The authors examined inflammatory mononuclear cells in 10 fibroadenomas and 56 ductal infiltrating type carcinomas of the breast to see whether the distribution of various subpopulations of the mononuclear cells were correlated with known histologic, biochemical, and clinical parameters of the cancers. T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages were quantitated on frozen tissue sections, which were stained with monoclonal antibodies, as demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technique. The carcinomas had significantly higher numbers of T cells, Leu-3+ helper-inducer cells, T8+ cytotoxic-suppressor cells, M5+ macrophages, and T6+ Langerhans cells than the fibroadenomas. There were no significant differences in the distribution of natural killer cells. Among these mononuclear subsets, helper-inducer T cells were the primary cell type in both benign and malignant neoplasms. Estrogen receptor-positive carcinoma had significantly fewer numbers of T cells and the subgroup of Leu-3+ helper-inducer cells. Clinical Stage 3 cancers had significantly fewer numbers of T cells and natural killer cells than both fibroadenomas and Stage I and II neoplasms. Prominent infiltration of T cells, specifically helper-inducer cells, is not associated with estrogen receptor positivity, which is known to be a favorable prognostic marker of breast carcinoma. The findings of fewer T cells and natural killer cells in Stage 3 carcinomas are intriguing but unexplained. PMID- 3496798 TI - Potentiation of contraction in bullfrog ventricle strips by manganese and nickel. AB - Sodium-lack contractures by strips of bullfrog ventricle were found to be increased in the presence of manganous ion (1-10 mM). In addition, peak force development was usually attained earlier in the presence of manganous ion and the rate of relaxation was decreased by nickel (0.7-2.0 mM), although the latter cation did not potentiate contractural force. Both manganese and nickel had only depressant effects on potassium-excess contractures, as well as on electrically stimulated twitches. Depressant effects of manganese and nickel on sodium-lack contractures were also found. These were smaller, the lower the extracellular sodium concentration and the higher the extracellular calcium concentration. When these well-known negative inotropic effects of the divalent cations were suppressed in sodium-free, calcium-rich media, their potentiating effects were unmasked, resulting in marked augmentation by these cations of potassium-excess contractures and of twitches, along with slowing of relaxation. Experimental maneuvers that have been reported to bring about entry of manganese into these cardiac cells did not increase the observed positive inotropic effect. It thus seems probable that these ions act on the membrane of the ventricle fiber. Also, in view of earlier evidence that they neither affect myofibrillar function nor induce calcium release from mitochondria, it is provisionally concluded that the mechanism of their potentiating effect on mechanical activation is due to their inhibition of calcium extrusion from the fibers, described in the accompanying paper. PMID- 3496799 TI - Effect of maturation on gastrointestinal absorption of epidermal growth factor in rats. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was iodinated and administered orally to 13- to 15 day-old suckling rats and 29- to 31-day-old weanling rats. After 30 min, stomach, small intestine, plasma, liver, lung, and skin were removed. The tissues were homogenized and 125I radioactivity was extracted. Compared with suckling rats, the delivery of total radioactivity into peripheral tissues was enhanced in skin of weanling rats and tended to be higher in plasma and liver. In contrast, there was a 3.3-fold reduction in radioactivity remaining in the intestinal wall. Sephadex G-25 chromatography of most samples, especially liver and intestinal wall, revealed a decrease in the proportion of intact 125I-EGF eluting in the void volume. As a result, because the amount of total radioactivity also differed, the overall recovery of radioactivity of void volume 125I-EGF was similar in both age groups except for an increase in skin and a decrease in the intestinal wall of weanling rats. Extracts of all tissues of weanling rats examined contained immunoreactive 125I-EGF. Samples obtained from tissues and content of the gastrointestinal tract of both age groups bound specifically to A431 cell surface receptors. These results thus indicate that EGF is absorbed and delivered to various tissues of weanling rats. Nevertheless, quantitative and qualitative changes in these processes occur during the postnatal period. PMID- 3496800 TI - Recombinant tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 enhance slow-wave sleep. AB - The cytokines interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interferon (IFN) are immune response modifiers that are also pyrogenic and somnogenic. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (cachectin) is another pyrogenic monocyte product whose production can be elicited by somnogenic agents such as endotoxin. Human recombinant TNF (rTNF), therefore, was assayed for somnogenic activity. Intravenous (iv) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of rTNF enhanced slow-wave sleep (SWS) and electroencephalographic slow-wave (0.5-4.0 Hz) activity. Recombinant TNF also suppressed rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) and induced biphasic fevers whether given by intravenous or ICV injection. Responses to rTNF were compared with those elicited by human recombinant beta-IL 1 (rIL 1). Sleep responses elicited by rIL 1 were similar to those previously reported for native IL 1 and to those elicited by rTNF. However, unlike rTNF, rIL 1 induced monophasic fevers. Animal behavior and brain temperature changes that occur during the transition from one arousal state to another remained undisturbed after either rTNF or rIL 1 treatment. The fact that TNF and IL 1 as well as other immunoactive substances, e.g., IFN, muramyl peptides, and endotoxin, enhance SWS suggests that SWS is linked to the immune response. We conclude that TNF, in addition to IL 1 and IFN, is an endogenous somnogen. PMID- 3496801 TI - Leukocytic pyrogen effects on prostaglandins in hypothalamic tissue slices. AB - Some studies suggest that leukocytic pyrogen (LP) increase hypothalamic prostaglandins which, in turn, affect hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons to produce fever. The present study used radioimmunoassays to quantitate the ability of guinea pig hypothalamic tissue slices to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2). Dose- and time-dependent prostaglandin increases occurred when these slices were perfused with LP media. Steady-state levels of tissue release were reached at 0-3 min for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, at 6-9 min for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, and at 12-15 min for TxB2. With the exception of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha, all substances showed continuous dose-response relationships for concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.25 LP dilutions. Tissue PGE2, for example, was 0.7 pg X min-1 X mg-1 with the 0.001 LP dilution and 8.7 pg X min-1 X mg-1 with the 0.25 LP dilution. Indomethacin blocked much of the LP-induced prostaglandin increase. Although there is a relationship between hypothalamic LP and prostaglandins in response to physiological LP levels, tissue prostaglandins are several orders of magnitude lower than concentrations necessary to produce fever by hypothalamic microinjection. This suggests that prostanoids, such as PGE2, may not be the sole mediators of fever induced by leukocytic pyrogen. PMID- 3496802 TI - CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depression and schizophrenia. AB - To further investigate the hypothesis that hyperactivity of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with depression may be mediated by hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the authors measured CRF like immunoreactivity in CSF samples from 138 neurological control, 54 depressed, and 27 nondepressed (23 schizophrenic and four manic) subjects. The CSF CRF concentration was markedly higher (almost twofold) in depressed patients than in control subjects and nondepressed psychiatric patients. The concentration of CSF CRF was slightly but significantly higher in schizophrenic patients than in control subjects. These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion occurs in major depression. PMID- 3496803 TI - Abuse of fluoxetine by a patient with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 3496804 TI - DTP and SIDS: when data differ. PMID- 3496806 TI - [Comparative evaluation of hormonal and non-drug methods of readying the cervix uteri for labor]. PMID- 3496805 TI - Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization and sudden infant death syndrome. AB - We compared the recency of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization in healthy children with birthweights greater than 2500 gms who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to that of age-matched reference children, using a modified case-control analysis. Focusing on very narrow time intervals following immunization, we found the SIDS mortality rate in the period zero to three days following DTP to be 7.3 times that in the period beginning 30 days after immunization (95 per cent confidence interval, 1.7 to 31). The mortality rate of non-immunized infants was 6.5 times that of immunized infants of the same age (95 per cent CI, 2.2 to 19). The latter result and to some extent the former appear to be ascribable to known risk factors for SIDS. Although the mortality ratios for SIDS following DTP, as estimated from this study, are high the period of apparently elevated risk was very short, so that only a small proportion of SIDS cases in infants with birthweights greater than 2500 gms could be associated with DTP. PMID- 3496807 TI - [Current methods of therapy of fatigue during labor]. PMID- 3496808 TI - The purification of lactoferrin from human whey by batch extraction. AB - The isolation of lactoferrin from human whey has been accomplished using a rapid two-step procedure. The lactoferrin is directly adsorbed to cellulose phosphate by batch extraction and eluted by a stepped salt and pH gradient. The major impurity, a low-molecular-weight fraction, is quickly removed by gel filtration. The recovered lactoferrin has a purity of about 96%. The yield of lactoferrin averaged 80%. This method of lactoferrin purification greatly reduces the labor and time required, and the procedure is easily scaled to any volume of starting material. PMID- 3496809 TI - A fluorometric determination of N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple and sensitive assay procedure for the quantitation of N-methyl-4 phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), a neurotoxin, was devised using its fluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fluorescence intensity of MPP+ was several thousand times more than that of N-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a metabolic precursor of MPP+. This method was found to be sensitive enough to measure less than 10 pmol MPP+ without using HPLC and 10 fmol using HPLC. The oxidation of MPTP by monoamine oxidase in human brain synaptosomal mitochondria was examined by this assay method. This fluorometric-HPLC method should have broad application in the study of the neurotoxin MPP+. PMID- 3496810 TI - Enzymatic fluorometric assay for myo-inositol trisphosphate. AB - The determination of myo-inositol trisphosphate by an enzymatic fluorometric assay is presented. The method involves the acid extraction of water-soluble inositol polyphosphates followed by separation by anion-exchange chromatography. Samples are subsequently neutralized by passage over a Dowex Cl- resin and elution with lithium chloride. Samples are then desalted with ethanol. Following dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase, free myo-inositol is measured enzymatically via the NAD-dependent oxidation to scyllo-inosose with myo-inositol dehydrogenase. The efficiency of recovery, assay specificity, and an application to the measurement of inositol polyphosphates in hormone-stimulated tissue are discussed. PMID- 3496812 TI - Lethal thrombosis during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 3496811 TI - Reduced narcotic requirement by clonidine with improved hemodynamic and adrenergic stability in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. AB - The authors examined the effect of clonidine, a preferential alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, upon narcotic requirements, hemodynamics, and adrenergic responses during the perioperative period in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Anesthesia was provided by sufentanil supplemented with isoflurane; sodium nitroprusside was given as needed for hemodynamic control. Ten patients received oral clonidine preoperatively at the time of premedication, and again intraoperatively by nasogastric tube. Another group of ten untreated patients were otherwise managed identically. Intergroup differences in required anesthetic and vasoactive drug doses and recovery times were measured and evaluated, as well as hemodynamics and plasma catecholamines prior to induction, after intubation, and at intervals intra- and postoperatively. Patients who received clonidine required less diazepam prior to induction, and received 40% less sufentanil during the anesthetic period, than did untreated controls. More control patients required the addition of isoflurane to prevent hypertension. Mean blood pressures and heart rates were elevated at many sampling points in patients not treated with clonidine. Four of the clonidine-treated group required atropine for treatment of bradycardia in the pre-incision period. Plasma catecholamines were significantly lower throughout most of the study period in patients treated with clonidine. After cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperatively, cardiac outputs were significantly higher in the treated group. Patients who had received clonidine were extubated significantly earlier, and fewer of them shivered postoperatively. We conclude that perioperative treatment with clonidine reduced narcotic and anesthetic requirements, improved hemodynamics, reduced plasma catecholamines, and shortened the period of postoperative ventilation in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. PMID- 3496813 TI - Possibility of A-V shunting upon cardiopulmonary bypass discontinuation. PMID- 3496814 TI - Use of midazolam infusion for sedation following cardiac surgery. PMID- 3496815 TI - [Comparative evaluation of different methods of electroacupuncture analgesia during operations on surgical patients]. PMID- 3496816 TI - [Anesthesia by electroacupuncture analgesia in the laser treatment of skin neoplasms]. PMID- 3496817 TI - [Use of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in cesarean section]. PMID- 3496818 TI - Tracheobronchial changes in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana with and without tobacco. AB - We performed flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 29 habitual, heavy marijuana smokers 25 to 45 yr of age, with and without concomitant tobacco smoking, to inspect and biopsy their proximal tracheobronchial tree for the evaluation of histopathologic changes. Control tobacco smokers (TS) and nonsmokers (NS) residing in the same metropolitan area were similarly studied and compared with the marijuana smokers (MS) and marijuana-tobacco smokers (MTS). Respiratory and drug histories, physical examination, and pulmonary function tests were obtained prior to bronchoscopy. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities was generally higher in the 3 smoking groups than in the NS group but was not statistically different across all groups. However, bronchoscopic inspection revealed airway hyperemia and other visible abnormalities in 32 (91%) subjects in the 3 smoking groups, unlike the unremarkable findings in the NS group. Light microscopy showed 2 or more histopathologic changes in the bronchial epithelium of all MS, MTS, and TS. Squamous metaplasia was observed in all MTS, a prevalence that was significantly different from that in MS, TS, and NS. Hyperplasia of basal and goblet cells was more prevalent in the MS than in the NS, whereas cellular disorganization was more prevalent in the MS than in the TS. A direct relationship between cumulative marijuana use (joint-years) and bronchoscopic and histopathologic changes was not apparent in this study sample. These results indicate that relatively young, habitual, heavy marijuana smokers have a high prevalence of abnormal airway appearance and histologic findings, irrespective of concomitant tobacco smoking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496819 TI - Radiographic resolution of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in response to corticosteroid therapy. AB - Systemic corticosteroid therapy alone was administered to a patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Substantial clinical improvement and almost complete chest radiographic resolution of parenchymal infiltrates occurred. Because spontaneous resolution of P. carinii pneumonia is not known to occur, corticosteroid therapy most likely was responsible for the favorable response. Given the high mortality associated with P. carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a randomized double blind study of corticosteroid therapy for P. carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be warranted. PMID- 3496820 TI - [Massive rectal hemorrhage and entero-mesenteric tuberculosis]. PMID- 3496821 TI - Biochemical and behavioral correction of MPTP Parkinson-like syndrome by fetal cell transplantation. PMID- 3496822 TI - Immunologic properties of methionine-enkephalin, and therapeutic implications in AIDS, ARC, and cancer. PMID- 3496823 TI - Enkephalins and immunity. II: In vivo modulation of cell-mediated immunity. AB - Body, thymus, and spleen weights, and cellular makeup of lymphoid tissues of rat were not affected to a great extent by intraperitoneal injections of met enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, or naloxone. However, enkephalins induced a diminution of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes. In addition, met enkephalin depleted the population of T4 helper/inducer lymphocytes. On the other hand, there was an increase of blood leukocytes and lymphocytes in naloxone treated animals. Arthus and delayed skin hypersensitivity reactions to bovine serum albumin and old tuberculin were sharply reduced in enkephalin-treated rats. Rejection of allogenic thyroid graft implanted under the renal capsule was considerably delayed by repeated injections of enkephalins. Mesenteric mast cell degranulation in rats sensitized to ovalbumin and injected with a shocking dose of antigen was less pronounced after treatment with enkephalins. These results show that enkephalins, in dosage levels of 5 mg/kg b.w., exert a suppressive influence on cell-mediated immune reactions. Other experiments from our laboratory, reported in a companion paper in this volume, suggest that much lower doses may have opposite (immunoenhancing) effects. PMID- 3496824 TI - Dopamine receptors on isolated membranes of rat thymocytes. AB - Using [3H]DA as the ligand of choice, we have shown that rat thymocytes possess dopamine binding sites. The binding of [3H]DA was specific, saturable and of high affinity. [3H]DA binding was rapid and reversible; [3H]DA was totally displaced by low concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and apomorphine. The binding sites were insensitive to neuroleptic drugs such as sulpiride, bromocriptine, and haloperidol. On the basis of these findings, we have suggested that thymocytes possess a D-3 receptor type. PMID- 3496825 TI - Distribution of immunocompetent cells underlying psychoneuroimmunomodulation. Brain neuromediator control mechanisms. PMID- 3496826 TI - Stress-induced modulation of the immune network. PMID- 3496827 TI - Changes in populations of T-cell subsets due to stress. PMID- 3496828 TI - The thymus. Key organ between endocrinologic and immunologic systems. AB - Our data permitted us to postulate an immunoregulatory circuit linking the neuroendocrine structure and the immune system via hormones secreted by the thymus which permit differentiation of T cells. In our first approach we have considered the thymus as a key organ; it exerts its function upon the two systems. We can also consider the thymus a key organ because a major part of the lymphoid cells responsible for the secretion of immunotransmitters or described as target cells for immunohormones or opioids are mature T cells; these T cells have had contact--either cellular (nurse cells) or humoral (thymic hormones)- with thymus during ontogeny. We hypothesize that during this differentiation the properties of secreting hormones or opioids and of receiving an endocrine message appear. Concerning the effect of TF V, the different thymosin properties led us to postulate that among the TF V polypeptides some could exert their effects on the immune system and some on the endocrine system directly or indirectly, either in synergism or in antagonism with classical hormones. There is no doubt that neurotransmitters and hormones can modulate in vivo ontogenesis, differentiation, and expression of the immune response. We believe that the thymus via its hormonal function is one factor in this modulation and one of the main channels of this bidirectional action between the immune and the endocrine systems. We have summarized our hypothesis in Figure 2. PMID- 3496829 TI - Alteration of immune competency by number of mice housed per cage. PMID- 3496830 TI - Enkephalins and T-cell enhancement in normal volunteers and cancer patients. PMID- 3496831 TI - Nerve growth factor may be the metastasis growth factor. PMID- 3496832 TI - A psychiatrist's view of neuroimmunomodulation. The neuroimmune interaction and mechanisms. PMID- 3496833 TI - Decreased production of interleukin-2 in schizophrenia. PMID- 3496834 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulation levels and immunoglobulin changes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurologic disorders. AB - Immunologic mechanisms are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 29 patients with MS and of 24 patients with other neurological disorders. An elevated T-helper (Th)/T-suppressor (Ts) ratio was typical for the CSF of patients with MS. There was a clear positive correlation between the percentage of Th cells and the existence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF. On the other hand, the percentage of Ts cells correlated negatively with the existence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF. The imbalance of CSF T-lymphocyte subpopulations may be one of the fundamental defects in MS, and the observed alterations in CSF immunoglobulin synthesis pattern might only reflect these changes. PMID- 3496835 TI - Immunologic and clinical evaluation of multiple sclerosis patients treated with corticosteroids and/or calf thymic hormones. PMID- 3496836 TI - Mechanistic implications of the findings that opiates and other drugs of abuse moderate T-cell surface receptors and antigenic markers. PMID- 3496837 TI - Hormonal regulation of the age-associated decline in immune function. PMID- 3496838 TI - Gene fusions involving the structural gene of B. licheniformis coding for a thermostable alpha-amylase. PMID- 3496839 TI - Analysis of enzyme deactivations by a series-type mechanism: influence of modification on the activity and stability of enzymes. PMID- 3496840 TI - [Immunology of cholesteatoma]. AB - The presence of Langerhans cells and T cells in human cholesteatoma is demonstrated by immunohistochemical and submicroscopic analyses. Various monoclonal antibodies directed against Langerhans cells and T lymphocytes reveal the presence of these cell populations in the cholesteatoma matrices but not in the normal tympanic membrane. Their quantitative and spatial distribution in and around the cholesteatoma matrix might be of importance in the pathophysiology of human cholesteatoma. PMID- 3496841 TI - Cross-reactive antibodies in type b and nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae-induced experimental otitis media. AB - Cross-reactive antibodies directed against type b (TBHI) or serologically nontypeable (NTHI) strains of Hemophilus influenzae were investigated in experimental otitis media. Cross-reactive antibody to TBHI was demonstrated in sera and middle ears from chinchillas infected with an NTHI, and cross-reactive antibody to NTHI developed in sera and middle ears of chinchillas challenged with TBHI. The absorption test data presented indicate that the sera and middle ear effusions from chinchillas challenged with either TBHI or NTHI had not only specific antibody activity to the challenged strain but also antibody activities against the probable common cell antigens of H influenzae. These data indicate that it may be possible to develop a polyvalent vaccine effective against the various and divergent strains of H influenzae, including the serologically nontypeable isolates. PMID- 3496842 TI - [Burkitt's disease]. PMID- 3496843 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis in infants. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 3496844 TI - The effect of spontaneous reperfusion on metabolic function in early human cerebral infarcts. AB - Twelve patients were studied within 48 hours of stroke using positron emission tomography to determine cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), oxygen extraction fraction, cerebral blood volume, cerebral pH (CpH), and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlc), the last calculated using published normal rate constants (CMRGlc[N]) and those for severe ischemia. In these studies, a cortical region of severe ischemia (I) was outlined, its metabolic and perfusion properties evaluated, and its length measured. The contralateral uninvolved cortical rim (C) in these patients and the cortical rim in 5 older normal patients were used for comparison. The length of region I correlated with the neurological deficit measured independently by a clinical scoring method. The 12 patients fell into two groups: Group I (8 patients), whose CBF in I was 9.3 +/- 2.5 ml/100 gm/min (mean +/- SEM) and was in every patient lower than that in C (33.1 +/- 2.2), and Group 2 (4 patients), whose CBF in I was 42.1 +/- 8.5 ml/100 gm/min and was in every case higher than that in C (28.2 +/- 1.5). In Group I, region I showed a CMRGlc(N)/CMRO2 ratio of 0.22 +/- 0.06 and a CpH of 6.83 +/- 0.06. In Group 2, the same ratio in the region I was 0.58 +/- 0.09 and the CpH was 7.12 +/- 0.05. The CMRGlc (N)/CMRO2 ratio for the contralateral hemisphere was comparable in the two groups. Our data suggest that, within 48 hours of the clinical onset of stroke, the ischemic cortex is already reperfused in one third of patients. Those ischemic regions with persistent hypoperfusion appear acidotic, whereas in the reperfused regions, despite evidence of an increased CMRGlc/CMRO2 ratio, acidosis is not evident. The implications of these findings for therapies proposed in acute human cerebral ischemia are discussed. PMID- 3496845 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new penem, CGP 31608. AB - The in vitro activity of CGP 31608, a new penem, against aerobic and anaerobic organisms was evaluated and compared with those of other beta-lactams. CGP 31608 inhibited Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter diversus, and Salmonella, Shigella, Aeromonas, and Yersinia spp. with MICs for 50% of the strains (MIC50s) of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and MIC90s of 4 micrograms/ml, compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem MICs of less than 0.25 microgram/ml. MIC90s were 8 micrograms/ml for Enterobacter species and C. freundii, for which other agents had MICs of 32 micrograms/ml, except imipenem, which had equal activity. The MIC90 for Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia stuartii, and Providencia rettgeri was 8 micrograms/ml, compared with less than 2 micrograms/ml shown by the other agents. Acinetobacter species resistant to other agents except imipenem were inhibited by 4 micrograms/ml, as were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including piperacillin-, ceftazidime-, and gentamicin-resistant isolates. The MIC for P. cepacia, P. fluorescens, and P. acidovorans was less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, but that for P. maltophilia was greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml. Hemolytic streptococci A, B, C, G, and F were inhibited by less than 1 micrograms/ml, but the MIC for Streptococcus faecalis was greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. MICs for Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains were less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, as were those for methicillin susceptible and -resistant S. epidermidis. Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium species and Fusobacterium spp. were inhibited by less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. CGP 31608 was not hydrolyzed by plasmid beta-lactamases TEM-1, TEM 2, SHV-1, PSE-1, OXA-2, PSE-4, or by S. aureus. Chromosomal beta-lactamases of type Ia in Enterobacter cloacae P99 and Morganella morganii, Ic in P. vulgaris, K 1 in K. oxytoca, and Id in P. aeruginosa also did not hydrolyze CGP 31608. It inhibited TEM-1, but the 50% inhibitory concentration was 14.2 micrograms/ml compared with 0.15 micrograms/ml for the P99 enzyme. CGP 31608 induced beta lactamases in P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, C. freundii and Providencia rettgeri, but there was no increase in MICs for the isolates and it did not select strains derepressed for beta-lactamase production. Synergy of CGP 31608 and gentamicin was found against 90% P. aeruginosa, 60% Enterobacter cloacae, and 50% Serratia marcescens strains. No synergy was found with rifampin. A postantibiotic effect was found against E. coli. PMID- 3496846 TI - In vitro activity of BMY-28100, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - The activity of BMY-28100, a new orally administered cephalosporin, was compared with those of cephalexin and cefaclor. BMY-28100 was the most active drug against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC for 90% of strains tested [MIC90], 1.0 microgram/ml), streptococci (MIC90S, less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC90, 2 micrograms/ml). The drug was active against Haemophilus influenzae and gonococci but not against other organisms generally resistant to cephem antibiotics. PMID- 3496847 TI - Chloramphenicol accumulation by Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The mechanism of chloramphenicol transport into susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae cells has not been reported previously. We examined apparent uptake of chloramphenicol by bacterial cells by using high-pressure liquid chromatography to quantitate drug disappearance from liquid media. Cell associated chloramphenicol concentration is 1,000-fold greater than the extracellular drug concentration. Under incubation conditions associated with chloramphenicol disappearance from media, cellular protein synthesis was inhibited; however, if accumulation was inhibited, protein synthesis occurred in the presence of the drug. Chloramphenicol uptake appeared saturable (Km = 0.96 mM, Vmax = 0.9 mumol/min per mg of protein) and energy dependent: disappearance from media was markedly decreased by 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone, compounds which disrupt the proton motive force. Uptake occurred only in median which can support growth and was dependent upon temperature and pH. Drug accumulation was minimally affected by inhibitors of electron transport or by gentamicin and puromycin, both inhibitors of protein synthesis. The rate of disappearance was inhibited by SCH24893, a fluorinated chloramphenicol analog which also inhibits protein synthesis. We conclude that chloramphenicol accumulation by H. influenzae occurs by energy-dependent transport. PMID- 3496848 TI - Effect of broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics on "colonization resistance" of intestinal microflora of humans. AB - Studies with animals have shown that the normal intestinal microflora protects against colonization by new strains ("colonization resistance") and that this protective effect may be related to the anaerobic component of the microflora. However, colonization resistance has not been shown in humans. We administered cefoxitin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, and aztreonam intravenously to healthy subjects for 9 days and monitored the acquisition of new isolates in the fecal flora. Seven of sixteen antibiotic-treated subjects but none of four untreated controls became colonized by gram-negative bacilli. However, there was no correlation between colonization and the particular drug given or the extent of suppression of anaerobes or of any other component of the fecal microflora. Cefoxitin and piperacillin were associated with the greatest increases in the numbers of drug-resistant bacteria and in fecal beta-lactamase content. The results of this study support the concept that colonization resistance occurs in humans and is diminished by antibiotic administration but fail to support the hypothesis that resistance is related to the anaerobic microflora. PMID- 3496849 TI - Relative efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid for acute invasive diarrhea. PMID- 3496850 TI - Trichothecene mycotoxins in aerosolized conidia of Stachybotrys atra. AB - Stachybotrys atra is the etiologic agent of stachybotryotoxicosis, and this fungus and its trichothecene mycotoxins were recently implicated in an outbreak of unexplained illness in homes. S. atra was grown on sterile rice, autoclaved, dried, and then aerosolized by acoustic vibration. The distribution of particles (mass and number) was monitored on an aerodynamic particle sizer interfaced with a computer. Dust was collected on preweighed glass-fiber filters and extracted with 90% aqueous methanol. Extracts were tested for the ability to inhibit protein synthesis in rat alveolar macrophages, the ability to inhibit the proliferation of mouse thymocytes, and the presence of specific trichothecene mycotoxins. Virtually all of the particles were less than 15 micron in aerodynamic diameter, and the mass median diameter was 5 micron. Thus, most of the particles were respirable. Microscopic analysis of the generated dust revealed that ca. 85% of the dust particles were conidia of S. atra, another 6% were hyphal fragments, and the remainder of the particles were unidentifiable. Thus, greater than 90% of the particles were of fungal origin. The extracts strongly inhibited protein synthesis and thymocyte proliferation. Purified satratoxin H was also highly toxic in the same systems. Each of the individual filters contained satratoxin H (average, 9.5 ng/mg of dust). Satratoxin G and trichoverrols A and B were found in lesser amounts in some, but not all, of the filters. The limit of analysis is ca. 50 ng. These results establish that the conidia of S. atra contain trichothecene mycotoxins. In view of the potent toxicity of the trichothecenes, the inhalation of aerosols containing high concentrations of these conidia could be a potential hazard to health. PMID- 3496851 TI - [Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding B-cell growth factors]. AB - The proliferation and maturation of antigen-stimulated B cells are regulated by several soluble factors derived from macrophages and T cells. These soluble factors have been functionally divided into two groups; B-cell growth factor (BCGF) and B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF). However, this distinct classification and identification of B-cell factors should be reexamined after the recent cloning of cDNA encoding IgG1 induction factor (IL-4) from a 2.19 T cell line. This factor induces not only an elevated IgG1 response in B cells activated by lipopolysaccharides but also hyper-Ia expression in B cells. IL-4 is identical to B-cell stimulating factor-1 (BSF-1) which induces DNA synthesis when given together with anti-IgM antibodies. Furthermore, this lymphokine has growth factor activities for both T and mast cells. Another well characterized B-cell factor is T-cell replacing factor (TRF). Although TRF was previously classified as a BCDF, a partially purified preparation of TRF was suggested to have BCGF II activity. The identity of TRF with BCGF II was proved by its cDNA cloning and the name IL-5 was proposed for this lymphokine. PMID- 3496852 TI - [The erbB-related protooncogenes encoding growth factor receptors]. AB - The c-erbB-2 gene was first identified by virtue of its cross-hybridization with v-erbB. Nucleotide sequence analysis of complementary DNA clones suggested that the c-erbB-2 gene encodes a growth factor receptor similar to that for EGF. Antibodies against the carboxyl terminal sequence of the c-erbB-2 protein immunoprecipitated a 185-kDa glycoprotein which showed protein-tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. Despite the extensive similarity between the c-erbB-2 protein and EGF receptor, neither EGF nor TGF-alpha bound to the c-erbB-2 protein. Phosphorylation of the c-erbB-2 protein was stimulated by TPA via protein kinase C in vivo. EGF also induced phosphorylation of the c-erbB-2 protein. This phosphorylation occurred not only on serine and threonine residues but also on tyrosine residues. Preliminary data suggested that the latter was mediated by the kinase activity of the EGF receptor. Southern blot analysis of DNAs from primary tumors revealed that the c-erbB-2 gene tends to be amplified in adenocarcinomas, mostly of the stomach and the breast. By screening both human genomic and cDNA libraries using v-yes DNA as a probe, we obtained DNA clones of the c-yes gene, the pseudogene of c-yes, c-fgr gene and c-src gene and two novel yes-related genes, fyn and lyn. Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA clones of c yes, fyn and lyn revealed that these genes encode proteins similar to p60src both in size and sequence. PMID- 3496853 TI - [Interleukin 1 in host anti-tumor mechanisms]. AB - The concept and practice of immunotherapy for human malignancy are based on the advances which have been made in detailed biological analysis of host defence mechanisms against tumors, which have indicated a wide variety of cellular and molecular antitumor mechanisms. Among these are various cytokines that can affect tumor growth and spread either directly or indirectly through host cellular effector mechanisms. Interleukin I (IL-1), a cytokine derived from activated macrophages, is known to induce profound biological effects in a variety of tissues and cells, generally producing a complex of responses associated with inflammation. It has also been shown to be essentially involved in the initiation of specific as well as nonspecific immune responses. Thus, although no solid evidence is yet available that IL-1 can produce any beneficial effects in the management of malignancy therapeutically, it seems worth considering the potential applicability of the molecule in tumor immunity. In this short paper, some of the functional aspects of IL-1 are summarized from the viewpoint of its effects on host antitumor cellular mechanisms, and the potential applicability as well as the possible problems associated with IL-1 in the management of malignancy are discussed. PMID- 3496854 TI - [Antitumor action of interleukin 2 and its biological activities]. AB - Recombinant IL-2 manifests both proliferation and differentiation-inducing activities in such a way as to generate secondary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from memory CTL. IL-2 actually shows antitumor effects against syngeneic tumors, while the combination of IL-2 with chemotherapeutic agents clearly demonstrates complete regression of syngeneic tumors. In addition, the antitumor immunotherapeutic drug lentinan, augments the reactivities of pre-effector cells to IL-2, resulting in the efficient induction of antitumor effectors, CTL, NK and LAK. Combination therapy with lentinan, cyclophosphamide and IL-2 may well be documented as a new rational chemo-immunotherapy in place of adoptive LAK therapy and the infusion of large amounts of IL-2 causing frequent detrimental side effects. PMID- 3496855 TI - [Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human metastatic melanoma]. AB - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from human metastatic melanoma and were characterized. These TIL were predominantly CD 3+ (Leu 4+) CD 4- (Leu 3a ) CD 8+ (Leu 2a+) T lymphocytes. Ten to twenty percent of these TIL had the ability to bind to autologous tumor cells. None of these cells were cytotoxic against autologous tumor cells as judged by trypan blue exclusion test either prior to culture or after a 1-day incubation in vitro. Addition of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2) to the culture induced proliferation and differentiation of TIL into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against non cultured autologous tumor targets. These results suggest that TIL may consist of precursor CTL or immature CTL. PMID- 3496856 TI - [Transfer of interleukin 2-activated lymphocytes]. AB - IL-2-activated killer cells (LAK cells) are potent effectors of adoptive immunotherapy in advanced cancer patients. We have undertaken fundamental experiments and a clinical pilot study in order to search for an efficient way of applying this therapy. Characterization of LAK cells: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated by Ficoll-Isopaque and Percoll gradient centrifugation. The main activity was located in the low-density fraction (less than 1.061 g/ml), which corresponded to the LGL/NK fraction. However, the behavior of LAK cells against metabolic inhibitors such as DMSO, NDGA, EtOH and NaN3 was quite different from that of NK cells. LAK cells are resistant to lipoxygenation inhibitors and are labile to mitochondrial oxidation inhibitor, opposite to the behavior of NK. All the fractions sorted by FACS using CD16 and CD3 expressed LAK activity. This phenomenon was missed because LAK cells are sensitive to NaN3 which is usually contained in buffers of MoAb and in the running solution of cell sorter. Simulation study: The side effects and efficacy of LAK transfer were evaluated using Meth A sarcoma cell-bearing BALB/c mice. No side effects were observed and significant efficacy was obtained in mice whose tumors were located in the lung or abdominal cavity. Human pilot study: The pilot study was conducted in 25 patients with advanced carcinomas. Therapeutic efficacy was obtained in patients for whom local transfer was undertaken rather than systemic administration. PMID- 3496857 TI - [A new antitumor drug with immunomodulating activity, ubenimex (bestatin)]. AB - Ubenimex (Bestatin) was discovered by Umezawa et al. in 1976 from the culture broth of Streptomyces olivoreticuli. Bestatin is a compound of low-molecular weight peptide and inhibits leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase B which localized in cell membrane. Bestatin exhibited antitumor effect against murine syngeneic tumors including mouse colon 26 and C1498 leukemia, and also it was active against MNNG-induced rat tumor by oral administration. Combination treatment of mouse colon 26 with bestatin and mitomycin C, 5-FU or CDDP was effective for the life prolongation of the treated mice compared to mono-therapy alone. Bestatin was found to exhibit the antitumor effect through T lymphocyte stimulation, macrophage activation and bone marrow stem cell stimulation were also observed by bestatin treatment experimentally. Values of T cell subsets in cancer patients recovered to the normal levels by Bestatin treatment. Release of Interleukin-1 and -2 was enhanced by Bestatin treatment in vitro. In the phase I study, clinical optimal daily dose was estimated as 10-100 mg to give 2-3 times weekly or daily continuously. In the comparative clinical trials, Bestatin was found to be effective for the prolongation of survival time of the patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia after induction of complete remission in combination with maintenance chemotherapy. Minimal side effects were noted. PMID- 3496858 TI - Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and osteocalcin concentrations in thalassaemia major. AB - In view of the claim that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of bone disease in patients with beta thalassaemia major and iron overload, we have assessed the concentrations of 25-OHD, 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha,25(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin in such patients. 25-OHD concentrations were significantly lower in patients with thalassaemia major and iron overload than in controls and in some patients were subnormal or undetectable. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations were, however, normal in all patients and were similar to those in controls. Serum parathyroid hormone and plasma calcium concentrations were also normal and not significantly different from those in controls. Although 25-OHD concentrations increased significantly between January and June, there was no change in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations. 25-OHD concentrations remained lower than control values, even in June. Parathyroid hormone concentrations fell, but not significantly, between January and June, but calcium concentrations did not alter. Osteocalcin concentrations were normal in all patients except one, who had extremely low concentrations of this protein. The concentration of osteocalcin was not related to 25-OHD or 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations. Thus normal calcium homeostasis is maintained in patients with thalassaemia major despite low or low normal 25-OHD concentrations; this is probably achieved through the maintenance of normal 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations, which were indistinguishable from those in controls. Normal 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin concentrations argue against an important role for vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of thalassemia bone disease. PMID- 3496859 TI - Changes in lung function of children after an air pollution decrease. AB - Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75), and maximal expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (MEF50) were measured in 1,880 school children who lived in urban areas before and after a decrease of air pollution. A group of 162 children from a suburban area served as controls. In the first survey, FEV1.0, FEF25-75, and MEF50 of children from urban areas were significantly lower, while in the second survey they were not significantly different from those of controls. The slopes over time of FEV1.0, FEF25-75, and MEF50, adjusted for sex and anthropometric variables, were closely related to the decrease of pollutants concentration. Our results suggest that a decrease of air pollution may produce an improvement of lung function. PMID- 3496860 TI - Emergency portacaval shunt for variceal hemorrhage. A prospective study. AB - Emergency portacaval shunt for variceal bleeding is associated with a high operative mortality, particularly if used as a last resort. Because of this, a strong case has been made against emergency shunt. This report describes an experience with emergency portacaval shunt for the treatment of variceal bleeding when used systematically after hemodynamic stabilization and control of the bleeding episode with balloon tamponade, if necessary, in patients with mild or moderate liver disease. The population studied comprised 62 consecutive patients who rebled from varices while participating in a controlled trial of propranolol for the prevention of rebleeding. Of the 62 patients, nine died of massive hemorrhage and 53 survived the hemorrhage. Of the 53 survivors, 11 had severe liver disease and were not considered for shunt surgery. Of the remaining 42 patients with mild or moderate liver disease, 36 had emergency central portacaval shunt. The interval between endoscopic diagnosis of variceal bleeding and surgery averaged 19 +/- 3 hours (mean +/- SE). The operative mortality rate, defined as in-hospital mortality, was 19%. One- and 2-year survival rates were 78% and 71%, respectively. The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was 36%; all patients responded favorably to protein restriction and lactulose. Thus, under specific conditions, emergency portacaval shunt results in an acceptable long term survival rate. In patients with mild or moderate liver disease, emergency portacaval shunt should be considered when other forms of treatment for the prevention of variceal rebleeding have failed. PMID- 3496861 TI - The role of the small intestine in ammonia production after gastric blood administration. AB - It is commonly believed that the digestion of intraluminal blood by colonic bacteria is the primary cause of increased ammonia production after upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. To evaluate the role of the small intestine in ammonia production, blood, amino acids, or water (5 mL/kg) was administered as a meal or enema to awake dogs with chronic indwelling catheters. After blood meals, intestinal ammonia production increased rapidly to peak at 60 minutes and returned to basal levels. This response was mimicked by the gastric administration of ammoniagenic amino acids. No change in ammonia production occurred with water administration. In contrast, colonic blood administration resulted in a gradual rise in ammonia production, and peaked at 150 minutes. Amino acid enemas resulted in a similar but somewhat more rapid response. No change occurred with water enemas. After gut decontamination, ammonia production did not increase after blood enemas. However, the rapid increase in ammonia production persisted after blood meals. It is concluded that both the small bowel and colon participate in the augmented ammonia production that occurs after upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gut decontamination reduces ammonia production by altering the colonic microflora, but is not specific therapy directed towards amino acid metabolism by the enterocytes of the small bowel and thus, does not alter the ammonia produced by the small intestine. PMID- 3496862 TI - Gastrointestinal anastomoses. Factors affecting early complications. AB - A retrospective review of gastric and colonic anastomoses during a recent 12 month period was performed at the Mayo Clinic. One hundred sixty-nine patients had gastroduodenal or gastrojejunal anastomoses (Group I). Five hundred nineteen patients had ileocolonic or ileorectal (222) and colocolonic or colorectal (297) anastomoses (Group II). Major anastomotic complication rates for Group I patients were: leaks, 1%; hemorrhage, 2%; and stenosis or obstruction, 2%. Reoperations and deaths secondary to anastomotic complications during the postoperative period were 2% and 0.6%, respectively. Corresponding rates for Group II were 2%, 1%, and 4%, with reoperative and anastomotic death rates of 1% and 0.2%, respectively. In Group I patients, length of operation had a significant effect (p less than 0.01) on anastomotic complications. In Group II patients, a significant increase in complications was related to the presence of obstruction (p less than 0.001), recent weight loss (greater than 10 pounds) (p less than 0.02), malignancy (p less than 0.04), and sepsis (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3496863 TI - Unreliability of hemodynamic indexes of left ventricular size during cardiac surgery. AB - Pulmonary artery diastolic (PADP) and wedge pressures (PAWP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) are commonly used to estimate left ventricular (LV) preload. To assess the ability of hemodynamic indexes of preload to estimate anatomical preload, or LV volume, we studied 45 patients during a coronary (18 patients) or aortic valve (27 patients) procedure and compared epicardial two dimensional echocardiographic LV cavity area with simultaneous measurements of PADP, PAWP, and high-fidelity LVEDP. Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, PAWP, and their percent change after bypass did not correlate with absolute values (before or after bypass) or percent change in LVEDP. Percent change in LV area correlated weakly with percent change in PADP (r = .34, p less than .03) but not with changes in PAWP or LVEDP. Changes were opposite in direction in 45% (PADP), 50% (PAWP), and 67% (LVEDP) of patients. In conclusion, both PADP and PAWP were poor guides to LVEDP and neither reflected changes in LV size. Thus, hemodynamic indexes of preload should be used with caution during cardiac operations. PMID- 3496864 TI - Multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Occurrence in two generations of the same family. AB - Multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have overlapping clinical features and laboratory findings. It has, in fact, been hypothesized that MS and SLE have a common etiology. Usually MS and SLE are considered to have autoimmune pathogenesis, and both are chronic diseases that can respond to steroids. Some patients are diagnosed with either MS or SLE but subsequently develop the other disease. We described a family where multiple members of one generation have SLE and two members of the preceding generation have MS. Histocompatibility typing did not reveal any association between HLA inheritance of genes and incidence of severity of disease. PMID- 3496865 TI - Electromyographically triggered electric muscle stimulation for chronic hemiplegia. AB - Electromyographically triggered electric muscle stimulation (EMS) was evaluated in combination with conventional treatment in 69 consecutive postcerebrovascular accident outpatients whose onset of hemiplegia was four months to 14 years earlier. Six subjects initially exhibited no residual volitional activity in targeted muscles, and all patients had undergone conventional therapy with little or no functional recovery. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings and EMS directed to prime movers of impaired movements were accomplished by way of skin-surface electrodes. Prescribed treatment (patient compliance was frequently substandard) involved several months of four to five sessions per week, focusing on wrist extension and/or ankle dorsiflexion initially, and often other movements later. During 30 to 300 movement attempts per session, EMGs that exceeded a preset threshold triggered immediate stimulation to force movement completion. Over sessions, patients commonly realized substantially improved increases in voluntary EMG capabilities generally proportionate to the frequency of treatment sessions. Parallel improvements were also found for subjectively scaled functional measures of range-of-motion and ambulation. Motivation was important to success, but side and nature of stroke, age, and poststroke interval were not. Progress often far exceeded that of previous conventional therapy (each patient served as his/her own control). Regarding mechanisms, impaired proprioceptive feedback is considered central to stroke-disrupted sensorimotor control. EMG triggered EMS is intended to improve brain relearning by reinstating proprioceptive feedback time-locked to each attempted movement. Clinical results were consistent with this theory; further assessment of the new EMG-triggered EMS modality intergrated into conventional treatment regimens seems warranted. PMID- 3496866 TI - Low-intensity pulsed galvanic current and the healing of tenotomized rat achilles tendons: preliminary report using load-to-breaking measurements. AB - The possible beneficial effects of low-intensity, pulsed galvanic currents on the healing of tenotomized Achilles tendons was investigated in three groups (20 animals each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatments via implanted electrodes were given once daily for 15 minutes over a two-week period. Although a portable high-voltage galvanic stimulator was used, stimulus intensity was only 75 microA at a frequency of 10/sec. Tendons were tested after two weeks for the load required to rebreak them at the original tenotomy site. The group treated with anodal current withstood significantly greater loads (p less than 0.001) than did either the group which healed normally (ie, without stimulation) or the group treated with cathodal current. PMID- 3496867 TI - Burns in functional electric stimulation: two case reports. AB - Electric stimulation of nerve and muscle is a widely used procedure for diagnosis and therapy in spinal cord injured patients. Damage from such stimulation can occur in the form of tissue burns. Two cases of burns in spinal cord patients receiving functional electric stimulation are presented. It is concluded that to avoid burning of tissue: a stimulating electrode with a large surface should be used; uniform contact between the electrode and the skin should be insured; a good conducting-material interface between the electrode and skin is required; adequate ventilation for heat dissipation should be provided; sharply cut electrode corners, wire insulation damage, and cuts in lead wires must be avoided. PMID- 3496868 TI - Local treatment with Epurox (superoxide dismutase and catalase of human origin) in the chronic inflammatory and degenerative rheumatism. PMID- 3496869 TI - [The role of the thymus medulla of newborn rats in lymphocytopoiesis]. AB - By means of 3H-thymidine, radioautographic investigation of lymphocytopoiesis has been performed in the cortex and medulla of the rat thymus for 2 weeks after birth. In the newborn animals the index of labelled nuclei (ILN) in the medulla is higher than in the cortex. By the 14th day after birth a progressive drop of lymphocytes including the isotope takes place in the medulla. The decrease of ILN in the medulla occurs against the background of increasing amount of epithelioreticulocytes with vacuoles and dystrophic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, that make groups of Hassal's bodies. PMID- 3496870 TI - [Pathomorphology of malignant skin lymphomas]. AB - Clinico-morphologic study of 52 biopsy samples from patients with primary lymphoproliferative skin diseases was performed. Criteria of differential diagnosis of these diseases are suggested based on the differentiation degree of lymphoid cells, their belonging to T and B cell immune systems, and the character of proliferation (poly- or monoclonal). Three morphologic variants of malignant skin lymphoma have been distinguished, (lymphoplasmocytic, prolymphocytic and immunoblastic) all of them being clinically and prognostically different. The so called "primary reticulosis" of skin is considered as a reactive proliferation of lymphoid cells, that in a number of cases transforms into a malignant lymphoma. PMID- 3496871 TI - Neodymium-YAG laser zonulotomy. Case report. PMID- 3496872 TI - Treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis. AB - The effect of different treatment regimens on clinical and microbiologic cures of neonatal conjunctivitis was evaluated during a 32-day observation period. In 84 infants with mild to moderate conjunctivitis and no signs of dacryocystitis, clinical cures were achieved in more than 50% of the cases with lid hygiene only. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism (48%) isolated from these infants. Chlamydia trachomatis could not be isolated from eyes with mild to moderate conjunctivitis. Forty-four infants with severe conjunctivitis, with or without dacryocystitis, were randomly assigned to treatment with either topical chloramphenicol or oral erythromycin for 14 days. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 19 (43%) of these infants. All infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis who were treated with 25 mg/kg of oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate twice daily for 14 days were clinically and microbiologically cured. In contrast, all treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis with topical chloramphenicol failed clinically as well as microbiologically. Dacryocystitis was a common complication in neonatal conjunctivitis (17%). The clinical failures in neonatal nonchlamydial conjunctivitis were associated with persistent obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. PMID- 3496873 TI - Comparison of complement activation by silicone intraocular lenses and polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses with polypropylene loops. AB - Silicone intraocular lenses are undergoing clinical investigation for use in the United States. We compared the ability of silicone intraocular lenses to activate the complement system in human sera with that of polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses with polypropylene loops using a radioimmunoassay that measures levels of activated complement fragments. Sera incubated with polymethylmethacrylate lenses with polypropylene loops had higher levels of C3a and C5a, but not C4a, than control sera incubated without intraocular lenses. On the other hand, there were no differences in levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a between sera incubated with silicone lenses and control sera. These results suggest that polymethylmethacrylate lenses with polypropylene loops activate the alternative pathway of complement, while silicone lenses do not. PMID- 3496874 TI - Australian and New Zealand Rheumatism Associations: combined meeting. Christchurch, 20-22 August 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3496875 TI - Genetic analysis of circadian and ultradian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rats. PMID- 3496876 TI - Is there an abluminal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)? AB - In superfusion bioassay systems of rabbit thoracic aorta and femoral artery ring segments as well as canine femoral artery and coronary ring segments the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) was stimulated by acetylcholine in donor segments with intact endothelium. The transition of EDRF through the vessel wall ("abluminal release") was not revealed in both bioassay systems. Externally applied acetylcholine did not reach the luminal surface of rabbit thoracic aorta but induced EDRF release in canine femoral artery segments. PMID- 3496877 TI - The constitutive 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity of human placental microsomes: relationship to aromatase. AB - The constitutive 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity of human placental microsomes from non-smokers was acutely inhibited by a number of androgens which serve as substrates for and/or competitive inhibitors of estrogen synthesis by the aromatase activity of these preparations. 10 beta-(2-Propynyl)estr-4-ene-3,17 dione and 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, androgen derivatives which produce a mechanism-based, time-dependent inactivation of placental aromatase caused a cofactor-dependent decay in deethylase activity which paralleled the loss of aromatase activity caused by these agents and which was antagonized by aromatase substrates. Conversely, 7-ethoxycoumarin antagonized the time-dependent action of 10 beta-(2-propynyl)estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione on aromatase and inhibited competitively the aromatization of 4-androstene-3,17 dione. The Ki for 7-ethoxycoumarin was equivalent to its Km as substrate for deethylation. It is concluded that a common oxidase species is responsible for both the aromatase and constitutive 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities of human placental microsomes. PMID- 3496878 TI - Interferon inhibition of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells: dissociation from protein kinase C activation. AB - We have examined the role of protein kinase C in the anti-proliferative effects of interferon in Swiss 3T3 cells. Treatment of these cells with interferon did not stimulate the phosphorylation of an acidic Mr 80,000 cellular protein which serves as a substrate for protein kinase C. In addition, interferon did not inhibit the binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor to specific receptors or induce the expression of the proto-oncogene, c-fos in Swiss 3T3 cells. Thus, interferon does not activate protein kinase C. Moreover, interferon can still inhibit DNA synthesis in protein kinase C down-regulated 3T3 cells, indicating that the presence of this phosphotransferase is not essential for the anti proliferative effects of interferon. PMID- 3496879 TI - Bradykinin-stimulated changes in inositol phosphate mass in renal papillary collecting tubule cells. AB - The effect of bradykinin on changes in the chemical levels of myo-inositol polyphosphates in renal papillary collecting tubules was investigated. Myo inositol phosphate mass was determined by means of an enzymatic, fluorometric assay. Bradykinin induced increases in myo-inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphate which were both time and concentration dependent. Furthermore, the magnitude of the chemical levels of myo-inositol monophosphate formed were unlikely to be accounted for solely by the formation and degradation of myo inositol trisphosphate. These observations are consistent with the concomitant hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. This study also confirms, in freshly isolated renal tubules, observations regarding bradykinin-induced phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate hydrolysis made previously in radiolabeled cultures. PMID- 3496880 TI - Identification of a long form of cystatin from human saliva by rapid microbore HPLC mapping. AB - Microbore HPLC methodology permits rapid and sensitive mapping of human saliva proteins. Saliva is sampled and processed in less than one hour, greatly reducing the likelihood of artifactual protein degradation. As little as 50 microliters of saliva yields proteins in sufficient quantities and purity to obtain amino terminal sequences directly. By this route we have discovered a 14 kDa protein extremely homologous to Cystatin S, but amino-terminally extended by eight amino acids. PMID- 3496881 TI - Inhibitors of protein kinase C block activation of B lymphocytes by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - Activation of murine splenic B lymphocytes (B cells) by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to be markedly inhibited by 1-(5 isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) and N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5 isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-8), two potent inhibitors of protein kinases. The higher sensitivity of DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and protein N-glycosylation activity to H-7, relative to H-8, strongly supports the proposal that protein kinase C plays a critical role in the activation of B cells. A kinetic study on the time of addition of H-7 indicated that protein kinase C promoted the activation process continuously after the addition of LPS. PMID- 3496882 TI - EGF inhibits the differentiation of adipocyte precursors in primary cultures. AB - Adipocyte precursors, isolated from inguinal fat pads of 2-day old NBR rats, proliferate and differentiate in defined medium. EGF stimulates the proliferation of adipocyte precursors with an ED50 of 2 ng/ml and inhibits their differentiation with an ED50 of 0.45 ng/ml. EGF has no effect on differentiated adipocytes. EGF binding studies indicate that adipocyte precursors have two classes of receptors (Kd 4 X 10(-11) M, 4800 receptors/cell and Kd 1.4 X 10(-9) M, 22,000 receptors/cell). TGF-alpha has the same effect as EGF on adipocyte precursors. In contrast, basic and acidic FGF stimulate adipocyte precursor proliferation without inhibiting their differentiation. PMID- 3496883 TI - Deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphate imbalance death: deoxyadenosine-induced dNTP imbalance and DNA double strand breaks in mouse FM3A cells and the mechanism of cell death. AB - The mechanism of deoxyadenosine (dAdo)-induced death of mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells was studied. When the cells were exposed to dAdo at 3 mM, an imbalance of intracellular dNTP pool resulted: dATP concentration was elevated 100-fold and the dGTP concentration was reduced to less than 1% of the control values. The imbalance was followed by breakage of mature DNA. DNA double strand breaks were observed in the dAdo treated cells 12 hr after the administration. We assume that the double strand breaks play an important role in the process of the dAdo mediated cell death, and that the intracellular dNTP imbalance is the trigger of these events. PMID- 3496884 TI - Inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate-induced activation of sea urchin eggs requires the presence of inositol trisphosphate. AB - We have earlier reported that Inositol (1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate microinjection will activate eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus provided that it is co injected with inositol (2,4,5)trisphosphate (Irvine and Moor, Biochem. J. 240, 917-920, 1986). Here we extend these observations to show that inositol (1,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate is a partial agonist in this assay and the requirement for the presence of inositol (2,4,5)trisphosphate cannot be bypassed by raised, but sub-threshold, Ca2+ concentrations. A mechanism for the proposed stimulation of Ca2+ entry into the cell requiring both inositol tris- and tetrakisphosphates is presented. PMID- 3496885 TI - Pertussis toxin inhibits stimulated motility independently of the adenylate cyclase pathway in human melanoma cells. AB - The human melanoma cell line, A2058, has previously been shown to respond to an autocrine motility factor (AMF). We have studied biochemical pathways that may be involved in the generation of such a motile response. Pertussis toxin (PT) caused a profound, rapid decrease in stimulated motility that was both dose and time dependent. Preincubation of cells for 2 hr with as little as 1 ng/ml of PT significantly inhibited motility. A concentration of PT (0.5 microgram/ml) that completely eliminated migration after a 30 min. preincubation had a markedly reduced effect when added 1 hr after the start of the assay. In contrast, agents which selectively modulate or have a role in the adenylate cyclase pathway, e.g., cholera toxin, forskolin, the cAMP analogue 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and the cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, all had negligible effect upon motility. These data are consistent with the presence of a receptor coupled to a PT sensitive G protein initiating motility independently of the adenylate cyclase system. PMID- 3496887 TI - Josamycin and troleandomycin increase hepatic glutathione turnover in rats. PMID- 3496886 TI - MPTP fails to induce lipid peroxidation in vivo. AB - It has been speculated that the conversion of MPTP to MPP+ destroys dopaminergic neurons by promoting the generation of hydroxyl radicals and causes lipid peroxidation. The results obtained in the present work indicate that the primary products of lipid peroxidation are not detectable in MPTP treated animals and thus other mechanisms besides lipid peroxidation should be considered to explain the cytotoxicity of this neurotoxin. PMID- 3496888 TI - Can T lymphocytotoxic antibodies be detected in patients with drug reactions? PMID- 3496889 TI - Effect of bepridil on membrane currents of rabbit sinoatrial node cells. AB - Effect of 1-[3-isobutoxy-2-(benzylphenyl) amino]propyl pyrrolidine hydrochloride (bepridil), a new antianginal agent, on membrane potentials and membrane currents of sinoatrial node cells of rabbits was examined using conventional microelectrode and double microelectrode voltage clamp methods. Bepridil at a concentration of 10 mumol/l caused an increase in spontaneous cycle length, and a decrease in maximum rate of rise of the action potential and action potential amplitude. The rate of diastolic depolarization (phase 4) was also decreased by the drug. In the voltage clamp experiment, bepridil reduced both the slow inward current (Isi) and the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih), and increased the recovery time constant of Isi, whereas the time-dependent potassium current (IK) was not altered significantly. The major effect, however, was the reduction of Isi. These electrophysiological findings suggest that bepridil has a depressant effect on the electrical activity of sinoatrial node mainly by mediating the depression of slow channel. PMID- 3496890 TI - Antiinflammatory actions of methyl- and phenyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy styryl ketones. AB - Methyl- and phenyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy styryl ketones (MHSK and PHSK, resp.) upon oral administration displayed marked antiinflammatory activity in a variety of acute tests viz. carrageenan, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dextran, bradykinin and prostaglandin (PG) induced oedema in rats and carrageenan evoked swelling in mice; the activity was not altered by adrenalectomy. In subacute test of formaldehyde arthritis, they showed significant reduction in paw swelling but were less effective in granuloma tests. In chronic tests, they produced marked antiarthritic effect both in developing and established adjuvant arthritis. The compounds prevented the inflammation induced increase in serum transaminase levels and leucocyte counts. They inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and produced reduction in ADP induced platelet aggregation. The compounds showed weaker antipyretic activity than acetylsalicylic acid in pyretic animals. MHSK showed analgesic activity using the tail clip method and antagonised acetic acid induced writhing syndrome. The compounds lacked any local anaesthetic activity. The low ulcerogenic potential of these compounds in animal models may be related to their relative inability to inhibit PG synthetase. PMID- 3496891 TI - [Compatibility and toxicity of methotrexate in the treatment of bone tumors]. AB - Chemotherapeutical treatment with high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) of osteogenic sarcoma has been performed at the Orthopaedic University Clinic of Vienna since 1975. In accordance with the cooperative study for osteosarcoma (Coss) which has been in use in Germany and Austria since 1977, HD-MTX has been used in larger quantity beside other cytostatic drugs. The total of 4259 g MTX has been applied to 36 patients who were suffering from malignant bone tumors. We report about the toxicity and compatibility of MTX. Within 231 cycles of treatment in 8 cases a high toxicity (grade IV after modified WHO-Score) was found. One patient died in consequence of the chemotherapy by fungal infection. PMID- 3496892 TI - Brain electrical activity mapping. A future for audiologists or simply a future conflict? PMID- 3496893 TI - Chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants in coronary artery disease: a case-control study. AB - Epidemiologic studies of coronary artery disease have largely overlooked the role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins circulating in the post-prandial state. We have conducted a case-control study in males which examined fasting plasma lipoproteins and lipoproteins circulating 4 h after ingestion of a test meal containing fat and cholesterol. The cases were 82 subjects with coronary artery disease confirmed by angiography, while there were two control groups: one group of 38 'hospital controls' free of significant coronary disease by angiography, and a second group of 61 'workforce controls' free of coronary disease on historical grounds. Mean plasma and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in cases than in controls. The apo-B48/apo-B100 ratio in lipoproteins Sf greater than 60 obtained 4 h post-prandially, a relative measure of chylomicron and remnant presence, was significantly higher in cases than in controls. After pooling of all data, the prevalence of coronary artery disease was found to increase progressively with the concentration of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and the apo-B48/apo-B100 ratio in Sf greater than 60, the relative risk being highest for total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. After controlling for the confounding effects of age and other lipid factors via multiple logistic regression, apo-B48/apo-B100 ratio was still a significant predictor of coronary artery disease presence (z = 1.97, P less than 0.05) in a 'dose-response' fashion. The risk of coronary artery disease in the top quartile of apo-B48/apo-B100 distribution was 2.2-fold greater than that for the bottom quartile, after adjustment for the effects of other risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3496894 TI - Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, serum lipids and occurrence of "double pre betalipoproteinemia' (DPBL) in subjects from two different populations. AB - The association between apolipoprotein E phenotype and the presence of 2 electrophoretic populations of very low density (VLDL) lipoproteins from human sera, double pre-beta(VLDL)lipoproteinemia (DPBL), was studied in 2 groups of subjects, one from Italy and one from Finland. In both populations the prevalence of DPBL was significantly higher in subjects with E4/4 and E4/3 phenotypes than in the other phenotypes not containing the E4 isoprotein. This finding suggests that the presence of a structural variant of the apo E protein, the isoprotein E4, may be causally related to the appearance of DPBL phenomenon. PMID- 3496895 TI - What role do injuries play in the deaths of old people? AB - An injury event related to a person's death may be recorded on the death certificate as the underlying cause of death, as an event associated with death but not necessarily causing it, or both. Of the 5,882 deaths in Los Angeles during 1980 with a related injury event recorded on the death certificate, an injury event was identified as the underlying cause of death for more than 95 percent of those aged less than 55 and only 54 percent for those aged 65 or older. This finding suggests that injury may be underreported as a cause of death among old people. Deaths which were injury-related but for which there was no notation of injury could not be identified, but the numbers may be substantial. If so, considerably more attention should be given to injury care and prevention for the elderly. PMID- 3496896 TI - Influences on passenger vehicle casualty accident frequency and severity: unemployment, driver gender, driver age, drinking driving and restraint device use. AB - A correlational examination of 84 consecutive months of data on the frequency and severity of passenger vehicle casualty traffic accidents, unemployment rates, drinking driving, restraint device use and the driver demographics of driver age and driver gender suggested the following: Increases in unemployment levels remove young male drivers from the driving population, which in turn reduces the frequency of drinking driving and increases the proportion of restraint device use in this population. These changes combine to reduce both the frequency of casualty accidents per million driven kilometers and the severity of these accidents. However, the apparent relationship between changes in restraint device use and the frequency and severity of casualty accidents, and the apparent relationship between changes in drinking driving and the frequency of casualty accidents can be, to a great extent, a function of unemployment-driven changes in driver demographics. PMID- 3496897 TI - Intersection control by stop and give way signs--the conclusions of polus. AB - Polus (1985) after studying accidents and gap acceptance data concluded that replacing give way (yield) signs with stop signs tended to increase vehicle accidents and reduce pedestrian accidents. This paper expresses the authors' reservations about these conclusions, makes suggestions for further study and quotes the results of a study of a sample of New Zealand urban intersections where give way signs have been replaced with stop signs. The results though not statistically significant estimate a favourable effect on accident rates and indicate that any important advantage from give way signs is unlikely. PMID- 3496898 TI - Self-training for brain stimulation in the medial forebrain bundle of rats: a comparison of saline with amphetamine. AB - Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle lateral hypothalamus (MFB-LH). Following recovery from surgery, they were placed in 3 groups prior to brain self-stimulation training. This consisted of one 15 min session on each of 5 consecutive days. Animals in the first group (controls) were placed in a conventional, single lever operant chamber without any additional manipulation. There were no priming stimuli, there was no experimenter intervention of any kind, and no exteroceptive cues in the chamber to indicate the availability or otherwise of the reinforcement. Animals in the second group (saline-injected) were treated similarly to the first group except that they were weighed and injected subcutaneously with saline (1 ml/kg) immediately before being placed in the chamber. Animals in a third group (D-amphetamine-injected) were weighed and administered D-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg in saline) immediately before being placed in the chamber. The number of lever-presses made per 15-min session was recorded. In addition, the time taken to achieve a lever-pressing rate of 10 presses per min was recorded. There were no significant differences between groups in the number of presses per 15-min session. Animals administered D-amphetamine reached the rate of 10 presses per min significantly more rapidly than animals administered saline, but the latter did so significantly more rapidly than controls. These results demonstrated that the simple manipulation, and perhaps the mild stress, associated with a saline injection strongly affected the acquisition of a brain self-stimulation task. PMID- 3496899 TI - The effect of pulse duration of refractory periods of neurons mediating brain stimulation reward. AB - The post-stimulation excitability characteristics of neurons mediating the rewarding effects of electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle were behaviorally assessed at 5 different pulse durations. Recovery from refractoriness was inferred from the results of double-pulse tests in which the interval between conditioning (C) and test (T) pulses of equal amplitude was varied. Pulses of 0.1-0.5 ms had little effect on the time course of recovery which ranged from 0.4 to about 1.5 ms in each animal. In some subjects, however, complete recovery from refractoriness was significantly delayed with 1- and 2-ms pulses, with as much as a tripling in the C-T interval at which recovery approached asymptotic levels. This effect appeared to be placement-specific and was well correlated with the threshold charge, which ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 microC. The highest charge values were obtained in those subjects in which longer pulses displaced the refractory period profile towards a slower recovery; the electrode tips in this group were located in more anterior positions than those subjects in which pulse duration had no effect on recovery from refractoriness. It appears that at some placements slowly recovering elements can contribute to the circuitry underlying brain-stimulation reward when suitable stimulation parameters are employed. PMID- 3496900 TI - Anterograde amnesia induced by hyperthermia in rats. AB - Anterograde amnesia (AA), forgetting of events that occur following a traumatic episode, has recently been demonstrated by using a mild decrease in temperature (hypothermia) as the amnestic agent. However, no data currently exist to indicate if an increase in body temperature (hyperthermia) might affect memory processing in a similar manner. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that increasing the colonic body temperature of the rat to 3-4 degrees C or more above normal during avoidance training produced a significant retention loss when the test occurred 24 hr after training. Slight hyperthermia to 1-2 degrees C above normal did not impair retention. In Experiment 3, AA resulting from an elevation in temperature was reversed by reheating "amnestic" subjects just prior to the 24-hr test. By rapidly reversing hyperthermia immediately after the training trial with a cooling procedure, Experiment 4 demonstrated that hyperthermia-induced AA was not the result of retrograde influences of the heating treatment. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of possible retention deficits which could conceivably follow environmental heat stress or fever hyperthermia resulting from bacterial infection. PMID- 3496901 TI - Effect of tectotomy and decerebration on spontaneous and elicited behavior of tadpoles and juvenile frogs. AB - The performance of tadpoles and juvenile frogs on a battery of behavioral tests was compared before and after tectotomy, removal of the telencephalon (decerebration), tectotomy in conjunction with decerebration, or before and after a sham operation. Posture, righting, and vestibular responses were not altered by any of the lesions at either stage of development, and gross motor abilities were not impaired. Cutaneous reflex thresholds of tadpoles were lower than those of juveniles prior to surgery, but removal of the tectum or the telencephalon, or of both, reduced the thresholds of juveniles to near-larval levels. All of the lesions abolished characteristic defensive responses of juveniles (freezing) and resulted in hyperreactivity to a wide variety of stimuli. Tectotomy and decerebration of larvae each resulted in a 50% reduction in spontaneous locomotion and, in combination, virtually eliminated spontaneous locomotion. None of the lesions had any effect on the level of spontaneous locomotion of juveniles, but activity elicited by the novelty of the testing environment was eliminated in decerebrate subjects. Visual and vestibular nystagmus consisted of eye movements in tadpoles and of head movements in juveniles. Neither nystagmus nor optokinetic locomotion was affected by any of the lesions at either stage. PMID- 3496902 TI - Pitfalls in measuring fluorescence polarization in mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. AB - Fluorescence polarization measurements with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH) were performed to detect changes in the fluidity of plasma membranes from T-lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens. When the cells were incubated with succinyl-concanavalin A an increase in fluorescence polarization was observed. This, however, could be shown to be due to the interaction of the mitogen with the label DPH and did not reflect changes in the plasma membrane. In purified plasma membranes a decrease rather than an increase of fluorescence polarization was observed. PMID- 3496903 TI - AIDS and cancer. PMID- 3496904 TI - 17th forum in immunology: Molecular mechanisms of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3496905 TI - Primary sequence homology between the effector molecules that mediate complement and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity. PMID- 3496906 TI - An appraisal of some current thoughts on cytolytic T-lymphocyte killing mechanisms. PMID- 3496907 TI - The role of lymphotoxin in T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3496908 TI - The role of protein kinase C in the cytotoxic T-cell lytic response. PMID- 3496909 TI - Is there evidence for transfer of materials from the killer cell to the target requisite for target cell lysis? PMID- 3496910 TI - Resistance of cytolytic T lymphocytes to the lytic components they release. PMID- 3496911 TI - A molecular biology approach to the mechanism of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 3496912 TI - Clinical comparison of 11C-ACPC (aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid) and 13N ammonia as tumour tracers. AB - Positron emission tomography is a potential method for exploring the biochemical behaviour of tumours. In 28 patients with known neoplastic lesions a comparison was made between two agents which are known to be accumulated in malignant tumours, viz. 13N-ammonia and 11C-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid (ACPC). Absolute concentration of both agents in various tumoural tissues and normal organs was calculated. As a rule a parallelism was found between the two tracers as to their accumulation in a given tumour, although the concentration was often higher for ACPC. In normal tissues the ACPC accumulation was either lower or at most equal to NH3 levels. As tumour tracer ACPC is superior to NH3 because of its higher absolute accumulation in many neoplastic lesions and its lower uptake in various non-tumorous tissues. ACPC concentration in tumours seems to be largely independent of blood flow. PMID- 3496913 TI - Serum activity of C1 inactivator in Duchenne-type progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - We previously found that the level of the immunoreactive activity of C1 inactivator in the plasma Duchenne-type patients with progressive muscular dystrophy was lower than that in normal boys. Therefore, we investigated the level of the C1 inactivator inhibiting activity against C1 esterase in the serum from PMD patients. The mean level of anti-esterase activity of C1 inactivator against C1 esterase in the serum from PMD was 50% lower than that of the control group (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3496914 TI - The abolition of the Swedish alcohol rationing system: effects on consumption distribution and cirrhosis mortality. PMID- 3496915 TI - Eosinophil production in human bone-marrow cultures induced by 80-85 kDa serum component(s) of patients with eosinophilia. AB - Eosinophil production from normal human bone-marrow cells was induced by plasma or serum of patients with eosinophilia. After 10-12 d of liquid suspension culture, 14-42% of bone-marrow cells were identified as maturing eosinophil granulocytes. Upon molecular sieve chromatography, the activity eluted in a single peak corresponding to a substance of 80-85 kDa molecular weight. The activity did not stimulate colony formation in semi-solid agar media, but was detected in liquid suspension cultures only. Furthermore, addition of exogenous colony-stimulating factor (CSF) had a differential effect depending on the culture system used. In semi-solid media, predominance of eosinophil colonies was only observed when CSF was added at a low concentration. In liquid suspension cultures, however, 30-40% of cultured cells were eosinophils independent of the CSF concentration used. These findings extend recent studies in an animal model and support the hypothesis that a differentiation factor is involved in the regulation of eosinophil production in man. PMID- 3496916 TI - Heterogeneity of large granular lymphocyte proliferations: morphological, immunological and molecular analysis in seven patients. AB - The clinical, morphological, immunological and molecular features of seven patients with a stable picture of chronic granular lymphocytosis, observed over a period of up to 4 years, were studied. Mild splenomegaly was detected in one patient, while lymphoadenopathy and hepatomegaly were absent. Surface marker analysis showed in five patients the common membrane phenotype of granular T-cell lymphocytosis (T3+, T4-, T8+, Leu-7+); of the remaining two, one presented an unusual phenotype (T3+, T4+, T8+) and the other showed a marked positivity with the Leu-11 and M1 monoclonal antibodies, but lacked the T3, T4, T8 antigens. Three cases had a low (less than 30%) expression of the T1 antigen. Functional studies showed that the proliferative response to PHA and the NK function were reduced in four of the seven cases. Molecular analysis, performed in six cases, revealed a monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in three, a polyclonal T-cell configuration in two and a germ-line arrangement in the last. All three monoclonal cases showed a depressed NK activity and two a reduced PHA response. The results of this study document the heterogeneity of granular lymphocyte expansions and suggest that the clonal or reactive nature of these often indolent proliferations, suspected on the basis of immunologic functional studies, may be recognized at the DNA level. PMID- 3496917 TI - In vivo evidence of intravascular binding sites for coagulation factor IX. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that factors IX/IXa bind to specific sites on the surfaces of cultured and native endothelium in vitro and that these sites should be occupied with factor IX in homeostasis. Since factor IX of different species binds to endothelium in a similar manner, we examined if infusion of heterologous factor IX into an animal should result in displacement of host factor IX antigen from its vessel wall site. Experiments were carried out in baboons with a large excess of bovine factor IX employing species-specific radioimmunoassays. The results indicate that infusion of bovine factor IX or active site-blocked factor IXa, but not prothrombin, resulted in a dose-dependent rise in the plasma level of baboon factor IX antigen. This suggested that the infused factor IX was displacing the host clotting factor from some reservoir easily accessible to the intravascular space. Consistent with this hypothesis, infusion of 125I-factor IX demonstrated accumulation in multiple organs. Radioiodinated factor IX comigrating with the initial tracer on SDS-PAGE could be eluted from the luminal surface of pulmonary artery and aortic segments. 125I factor IX was not significantly associated with cellular elements of the blood. These results suggest that there is a pool of non-circulating factor IX which is accessible to the intravascular space, widely distributed and involves endothelium. PMID- 3496918 TI - Purification and characterization of Rhodobacter sphaeroides acyl carrier protein. AB - Acyl carrier protein (ACP) has been purified from the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The ACP preparation was greater than 95% homogeneous as determined by native and disodium dodecyl sulfate (Na2DodSO4) polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses and N-terminal amino acid analysis. Amino acid compositional analysis revealed that the protein contains approximately 75 amino acids, has a calculated minimum molecular weight of 8700, and lacks the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. The presence of the characteristic 4' phosphopantetheine prosthetic group was indicated by the occurrence of equimolar quantities of beta-alanine and taurine in amino acid hydrolysates and was confirmed by independent chemical analysis. The protein displayed a pI of 3.8 and had a calculated partial specific volume of 0.732 mL/g. The primary structure of the protein has been determined for the first 46 amino acid residues from the N terminus of the molecule, and the region of the molecule encompassing the amino acids from residues 31 to 44 was found to have 100% homology with the identical residues in Escherichia coli ACP. In contrast to E. coli ACP, R. sphaeroides ACP migrated according to its molecular weight during Na2DodSO4 gel electrophoresis, was resistant to pH-induced denaturation, and comigrated with the cis-vaccenoyl ACP derivative during native gel electrophoresis. It is proposed that the basis for these properties is the enhanced hydrophobic character of the protein. PMID- 3496919 TI - Stopped-flow studies on the mechanism of oxidation of N-methyl-4 phenyltetrahydropyridine by bovine liver monoamine oxidase B. AB - The kinetic mechanism of monoamine oxidase B involves either a binary or a ternary complex, depending on the substrate. In this study, stopped-flow kinetic data provide direct evidence for ternary complexes not only of reduced enzyme, oxygen, and product but also of reduced enzyme, oxygen, and substrate, both for benzylamine and for the tertiary amine 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). However, the mechanism for a given substrate is not exclusive but, rather, is determined by competition between the alternate pathways as a result of different rate constants for the oxidation of the reduced enzyme, the reduced enzyme-product complex, and the reduced enzyme-substrate complex, as well as the different dissociation constants for the complexes. Comparison of the rate constants obtained from the stopped-flow studies with steady-state data indicates that the overall rate of reaction for the oxidation of MPTP by monoamine oxidase is dominated by the reductive step, but for benzylamine the steady-state rate is determined by a complex function of the rates of both the reductive and oxidative half-reactions. PMID- 3496920 TI - Theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocyte subpopulation in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3496921 TI - A general procedure for determining the rate of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers. AB - A general procedure for using myoplasmic calcium transients measured with a metallochromic indicator dye to calculate the time course of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in voltage-clamped skeletal muscle fibers is described and analyzed. Explicit properties are first assigned to all relatively rapidly equilibrating calcium binding sites in the myoplasm so that the calcium content (CaF) in this pool of "fast" calcium can be calculated from the calcium transient. The overall properties of the transport systems and relatively slowly equilibrating binding sites that remove calcium from CaF are then characterized experimentally from the decay of CaF following fiber repolarization. The rate of calcium release can then be calculated as dCaF/dt plus the rate of removal of calcium from CaF. Two alternatives are assumed for the component of CaF that is due to fast binding sites intrinsic to the fiber: a linear instantaneous buffer or a set of binding sites having properties similar to thin filament troponin. Both assumptions yielded similar calcium release wave forms. Three alternative methods for characterizing the removal system are presented. The choice among these or other methods for characterizing removal can be based entirely on convenience since any method that reproduces the decay of CaF following fiber repolarization will give the same release wave form. The calculated release wave form will be accurate provided that the properties assumed for CaF are correct, that release turns off within a relatively short time after fiber repolarization, that the properties of the slow removal system are the same during and after fiber depolarization, and that possible spatial nonuniformities of free or bound calcium do not introduce major errors. PMID- 3496922 TI - A quantitative model of myosin phosphorylation and the photomechanical response of the isolated sphincter pupillae of the frog iris. AB - The time courses of isometrically recorded photomechanical responses of isolated sphincter pupillae of Rana pipiens can be accurately predicted by a set of differential equations derived from phosphorylation theory of smooth muscle contraction. We compared actual light-stimulated contractions with calculated ones over a wide range of stimulus intensities (56-fold) and durations (0.4-4.0 s). The hypothetical Ca++-calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase cascade acts as a "valve" to control the flow of ATP through a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. When the rate of flow of ATP through the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle is increased, the percentage of phosphorylated myosin increases. The time courses of the concentrations of phosphorylated myosin during different responses are seen to be functions of the time courses of the opening and closing of the coupling cascade "valve." The calculations predict experimentally measurable intermediate variables, which can aid the investigation of the application of quantitative phosphorylation theory to amphibian sphincter pupillae and to smooth muscle in general. PMID- 3496923 TI - Lattice swelling with the selective digestion of elastic components in single skinned fibers of frog muscle. AB - Changes in the 1.0 lattice spacing during trypsin (0.25 micrograms/ml) treatment in mechanically skinned single fibers of frog muscle was examined by an x-ray diffraction method at various sarcomere lengths. The resting tension of a relaxed fiber was decreased by trypsin treatment but the stiffness of a rigor fiber was not, suggesting that elastic components were selectively digested. With progression of the digestion, the lattice spacing increased remarkably at longer sarcomere lengths and finally became independent of the sarcomere length. The increase in the lattice spacing was proportional to the decrease in the resting tension. These results support our previous suggestion (Higuchi, H., and Y. Umazume, 1986, Biophys. J., 50:385-389) that the lattice spacing decreases at long lengths due to compressive force exerted by a lateral elastic component that connects thick filaments to an axial elastic component. Consequently, it is unlikely that the decrease in the lattice spacing is determined by a decrease in the repulsive force between thick and thin filaments with stretching a fiber. PMID- 3496924 TI - Measurement of sarcomere shortening in skinned fibers from frog muscle by white light diffraction. AB - A new optical-electronic method has been developed to detect striation spacing of single muscle fibers. The technique avoids Bragg-angle and interference-fringe effects associated with laser light diffraction by using polychromatic (white) light. The light is diffracted once by an acousto-optical device and then diffracted again by the muscle fiber. The double diffraction reverses the chromatic dispersion normally obtained with polychromatic light. In frog skinned muscle fibers, active and passive sarcomere shortening were smooth when observed by white light diffraction, whereas steps and pauses occurred in the striation spacing signals obtained with laser illumination. During active contractions skinned fibers shortened at high rates (3-5 microns/s per half sarcomere, 0-5 degrees C) at loads below 5% of isometric tension. Compression of the myofibrillar lateral filament spacing using osmotic agents reduced the shortening velocity at low loads. A hypothesis is presented that high shortening velocities are observed with skinned muscle fibers because the cross-bridges cannot support compressive loads when the filament lattice is swollen. PMID- 3496925 TI - [Old age and joint disease]. AB - The seriousness of articular diseases in old persons is related to the loss of function and the rapid way this can lead to them being bed ridden. Rheumatoid polyarthritis is often difficult to distinguish from rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis, these two diseases resemble each other at this age with the asthenia and loss of general health, the inflammatory pains which are peripheral and of nerve root origin. Among the metabolic arthropathies, articular chondrocalcinosis is frequent, and often latent, but sometimes it is destructive in particular in the hips and knees; septic arthritis today mainly occurs in the elderly, and the algoneurodystrophies are more frequent in old persons than in young subjects, following trauma or a hemiplegia. Arthrosis is obviously the main articular disease of senescence especially involving the joints of the lower limb, hip disease being less incapacitating than knee disease where surgical treatment is less often considered. The arthroses of the upper limbs especially of the shoulder are well tolerated. Osteochondromatosis, osteonecrosis of the internal condyle of the knee, the rapidly destructive arthropathies and hemarthrosis can develop as a complication of a simple arthrosis. In the spine vertebral hyperostosis is especially a disease of the elderly, it can occur alone or with an arthrosis of the posterior vertebral joints, a narrow spinal canal straight or narrowed. Medical treatment, physiotherapy, and finally surgery can give very satisfactory results in an old patient, avoiding loss of function, a miserable existence and becoming bed ridden. PMID- 3496926 TI - The effects of purified recombinant murine interleukin-3 and/or purified natural murine CSF-1 in vivo on the proliferation of murine high- and low-proliferative potential colony-forming cells: demonstration of in vivo synergism. AB - Purified natural murine L cell (macrophage) colony-stimulating factor (nCSF-1) and purified recombinant murine interleukin-3 (rIL-3) were administered to normal or lactoferrin-pretreated mice 20 to 24 hours before sacrifice. rIL-3 and nCSF-1 administered separately increased the percentage of macrophage high-proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) and low-proliferative potential colony forming cells (LPP-CFC) in active cell cycle. Endotoxin was not detected in the samples of nCSF-1 or rIL-3 with the Limulus lysate test, and the in vitro and in vivo hematopoietic stimulatory effects of both molecules were abolished or markedly reduced by 30 minutes' treatment at 100 degrees C, which demonstrates that the effects noted in vivo were not due to endotoxin. Combinations of low concentrations of rIL-3 and nCSF-1, which by themselves were inactive, increased the percentage of HPP-CFC and LPP-CFC in active cell cycle in a synergistic fashion. No significant change in the number of HPP-CFC or LPP-CFC per femur or femoral nucleated cellularity was observed. Thus, rIL-3 and nCSF-1 can synergize to effect the proliferation of the same cell populations in vivo. PMID- 3496927 TI - Normal cellular counterparts of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In an attempt to compare B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) with its normal cellular counterpart, the cell surface phenotype of 100 cases of B-CLL was determined by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against B cell-restricted and -associated antigens. The majority of B-CLL cells expressed Ia, B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21), surface immunoglobulin (sIg), and T1 (CD5) but lacked C3b (CD35) receptors. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of small unstimulated B cells expressed Ia, B4, B1, B2, sIg, and C3b receptors but lacked detectable T1. Small numbers of weakly sIg+ cells could be identified in peripheral blood and tonsil that coexpressed the B1 and T1 antigens. Approximately 16% of fetal splenocytes coexpressed B1, T1, weak sIg, B2, and Ia but lacked C3b receptors and therefore closely resembled most B-CLL cells. With the phenotypic differences between the majority of small unstimulated B cells and B-CLL cells, we examined normal in vitro activated B cells and B-CLL cells for the expression of B cell-restricted and -associated activation antigens. Of 20 cases examined, virtually all expressed B5, and approximately 50% of the cases expressed interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) and Blast-1. Normal B cells were activated with either anti-Ig or 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-beta-acetate (TPA) and then were examined for coexpression of B1, T1, and the B cell activation antigens B5 and IL-2R. Only cells activated with TPA coexpressed B1 and T1 as well as B5 and IL-2R. B cells activated with either anti-Ig or TPA proliferated in the presence of IL-2, whereas B-CLL cells did not, although they all expressed the identical 60-kilodalton proteins by immunoprecipitation. These studies are consistent with the notion that B-CLL resembles several minor subpopulations of normal B cells including a population of B cells that are activated in vitro directly through the protein kinase C pathway. PMID- 3496928 TI - Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene configuration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of infancy. AB - We examined immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain, K light chain, and T cell receptor (TCR) gamma and beta gene configuration in the leukemic cells from a series of infants aged less than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Each of these 11 cases demonstrated leukemic cell surface antigens that have been correlated with a B cell precursor phenotype. Of the 11, lymphoblasts of 4 retained the germline configuration of both Ig and TCR loci, whereas 7 had rearranged the Ig heavy chain gene. Two of these seven showed light chain gene rearrangement. TCB beta chain rearrangement had occurred in only one of the 11 patients' tumors. No TCR gamma chain rearrangements were identified. These results are in contrast to earlier studies of B cell precursor ALL in children in which Ig heavy chain gene rearrangements were evident in every case and approximately 40% showed Ig light chain rearrangement as well. In addition, 45% of cases of B cell precursor ALL of children had rearranged their gamma TCR genes, and 20% had rearranged beta. These data suggest that ALL in infancy represents an earlier stage of B cell development than is found in B cell precursor ALL of children. ALL in the infant age group has been associated with the worst prognosis of all patients with ALL. This study suggests that the disease in infants differs not only clinically, but also at the molecular genetic level, from the disease in children. PMID- 3496929 TI - Effect of monoclonal antibodies against von Willebrand factor and platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on the platelet retention test. AB - The platelet retention test provides a measure of the number of platelets retained in a column of glass beads and is one of the few in vitro platelet function tests that is abnormal in von Willebrand's disease (vWd). In a two-stage test, 1 mL of blood (designated A) was passed through the column, followed by 5 mL of isotonic saline and then 5 mL of blood (B) in which platelet retention was measured. With normal blood as A and B, retention is very high in all 5 mL of blood B. In the first stage, platelets adhere to the glass beads; this requires fibrinogen but not von Willebrand factor (vWf). The platelet-platelet adhesion in the second stage requires vWf, is dependent on release of ADP, and fails to occur if thrombasthenic platelets are tested. Retention was normal when blood from a patient with afibrinogenemia was used as blood B. We have now used monoclonal antibodies to elucidate further the mechanism of platelet retention. Five antibodies to different epitopes on vWf essentially abolished retention in the one-stage test and in the second stage of the two-stage test, but had no effect on the first stage. Thus, the entire vWf molecule must be free of antibody to function in the platelet-platelet adhesion of the second stage of this test. Binding of the antigen-antibody complex to the platelet Fc receptor was not responsible, as Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of one of the antibodies were as effective as intact antibody, and as neither heat-aggregated IgG nor a polyclonal antibody to plasma factor IX inhibited retention. F(ab')2 fragments of 6D1, an antibody to platelet GP Ib that prevents binding of vWf to platelets, also inhibited the second phase of retention. An antibody that inhibits binding of fibrinogen and vWf to GP IIb/IIIa (LJ-CP8) inhibited both the first and second stages of retention, whereas LJ-P5, an antibody that inhibits only the binding of vWf to GP IIb/IIIa, caused slight inhibition of retention when normal or afibrinogenemic blood was used as blood B and was reported to cause only partial inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in this afibrinogenemic patient. The results suggest that vWf is altered during rapid passage of blood through the glass-bead column so that it attaches to GP Ib, exposing GP IIb/IIIa, which then binds the altered vWf or fibrinogen, either of which can induce platelet aggregation (platelet-platelet adhesion) and thus retention in the column. PMID- 3496930 TI - Discrepancies between von Willebrand factor multimeric composition and other tests in some von Willebrand's disease variants. PMID- 3496931 TI - Modulation of the response to B-cell growth factor (BCGF) of hairy cells from a patient under IFN-alpha therapy. PMID- 3496932 TI - Acid-shock, aluminium, and presence of Sphagnum aurantiacum: effects on embryological development in the common frog, Rana temporaria and the moor frog, Rana arvalis. PMID- 3496933 TI - Endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries requires magnesium ions. AB - A great deal of interest has recently focused upon the mechanism(s) associated with the generation and action of endothelium-derived relaxant factors (EDRFs) in blood vessels. Since we have shown that extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) are important in control of coronary vascular tone and reactivity, we wondered whether these divalent cations play any role in the generation or action of EDRF in coronary arterial smooth muscle. Using isolated canine coronary arterial rings, we have now found that removal of [Mg2+]o inhibits the ability of these vascular preparations to relax when challenged with acetylcholine; in the absence of [Mg2+]o, the relaxation concentration-response curves for acetylcholine are shifted markedly to higher concentrations with small maxima. It, thus, appears that [Mg2+]o is an important co-factor for acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent relaxation in canine coronary arteries. These findings support our previous hypothesis that dietary deficiency of Mg may be an important factor in aetiology of coronary vasospasm. PMID- 3496934 TI - Upper gastrointestinal findings and faecal occult blood in patients with rheumatic diseases taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - An upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination was performed, following a test for faecal occult blood, on a group of 108 patients with rheumatic complaints. The majority of the group studied had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 50% of the total group were anaemic. Every patient was taking a single nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID). When the finding of blood in the faeces was compared with findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract, approximately half the subjects with ulcerative and inflammatory lesions had a positive test for blood. However, 50% of the subjects with an apparently normal upper gastrointestinal tract had a positive test for blood in the stool and these comprised the largest group of those examined. It was concluded that the finding of a positive faecal occult blood in such subjects is a poor indicator of ulcerative or inflammatory lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The possible reasons for a finding of blood in the stool of patients taking NSAID who apparently have a normal upper gastrointestinal tract is discussed. PMID- 3496935 TI - Does the negative association between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia provide clues to the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis? PMID- 3496936 TI - Intrahypothalamic microinfusion of corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits gastric acid secretion but increases secretion volume in rats. AB - Bilateral microinfusion of synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF; 0-4.0 microgram/rat [0-856 pmol/rat]) into the paraventricular nucleus or the ventromedial nucleus of the rat hypothalamus inhibited gastric acid secretion in a dose-related manner. Unexpectedly, these microinfusions both decreased acid concentration and increased secretion volume; total acid output (acid concentration multiplied by secretion volume) was strongly inhibited. In the lateral hypothalamus. CRF microinfusion also both decreased acid concentration and increased secretion volume, but total acid output did not change. oCRF microinfusion into the caudate-putamen did not significantly affect any measure of gastric acid secretion even at the highest dose used. The increased secretion volume seen after oCRF microinfusion is unique; all other centrally acting inhibitors of gastric acid secretion decrease secretion volume. It is possible that hypothalamic CRF may influence gastric secretory function. PMID- 3496937 TI - The antipyretic effects of centrally administered vasopressin at different ambient temperatures. AB - The antipyretic response to arginine vasopressin (AVP) was investigated at 3 ambient temperatures using unanesthetized freely behaving male rats. Responses of non-febrile and febrile rats to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of AVP and s.c. injection of indomethacin were observed at cold (4 degrees C), thermoneutral (25 degrees C) and warm (32 degrees C) ambient temperatures. In agreement with previous reports i.c.v. AVP at 25 degrees C decreased brain temperature of febrile but not non-febrile rats. This antipyretic effect was also observed at the warm ambient temperature and during cold exposure. Responses to s.c. indomethacin were qualitatively similar to i.c.v. AVP at neutral and warm temperatures. In the cold, however, indomethacin decreased the brain temperature of both non-febrile and febrile animals, although unlike AVP, brain temperature of non-febrile animals were decreased somewhat more than that of febrile animals. These data show that AVP decreases brain temperature of febrile more than non febrile rats at all ambient temperatures and may therefore be acting partially on febrile set point. It is likewise clear that AVP affects specific effector mechanisms since antipyretic effects were of different magnitudes at different ambient temperatures. The observation that AVP and indomethacin have qualitatively similar effects on fever at the 3 ambient temperatures suggest that they may act via a common neural pathway. PMID- 3496938 TI - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on catecholamines and metabolites in primate brain and CSF. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration is able to produce nigrostriatal damage and motor disabilities in primates similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease. Two months after MPTP treatment in African Green monkeys, significant depletions of dopamine (DA) and/or homovanillic acid (HVA) were found in the dorsal ventral tegmental area, and septum, but not in the ventral part of the ventral tegmental area or nucleus accumbens. However, DA losses were greater at all examined sites in the striatum. In putamen and caudate nucleus the decreases in DA and HVA appeared more marked dorsolaterally than ventromedially. After MPTP treatment the ratio HVA/DA was elevated in the septum and all striatal regions; in the striatum the increases in ratio were greater in the dorsolateral than in the ventromedial samples. NE concentration was not significantly altered by MPTP in the mesolimbic system. In control animals the HVA concentration and the ratio HVA/DA were higher in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus. A longitudinal study showed that CSF HVA and 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol were reduced by MPTP and remained below baseline level for 12 months after MPTP treatment. This biochemical study indicates that in the monkey MPTP is able to induce selective damage within both the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA systems. PMID- 3496939 TI - Response properties of cerebellar neurons to stimulation of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve and tongue. AB - The cerebellum receives information from many kinds of sensory organs (muscle, somatosensory, auditory, vestibular, visual) as well as from the autonomic system. The cerebellum presumably has a role in the control of tongue movement and salivary secretion. However, the relationship between cerebellar neuron activity and tongue sensation has not been investigated previously. In the present study, negative cerebellar field potentials in the molecular layer and single unit responses of Purkinje cells induced by electrical stimulation of the bullfrog glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerve or tongue surface were investigated. The interaction between IXth nerve stimulation and natural (taste and touch) stimulation of the tongue in their effects on cerebellar neuron activity were investigated. The negative field potentials were potentiated by a brief train of electrical pulses to the tongue or IXth nerve. With electrical stimulation of the tongue surface, several fungiform papillae were needed to elicit cerebellar field potentials. The latency of Purkinje cells following IXth nerve stimulation was 44.4-53.6 msec for complex spikes, whereas for simple spikes two maxima were seen, with mean values at 33.9-36 msec and 96.8 msec. A preceding electrical stimulation of the IXth nerve depressed the negative field potentials or Purkinje cell complex spike responses induced by test stimulation of the IXth nerve. These depressive effects were also seen following a preceding natural stimulation of the tongue and were dependent upon the type of preceding stimulation. The depressive effects were produced by preceding stimulation with NaCl, CaCl2, water, and touch, but not with quinine and acetic acid stimulation. These results clearly demonstrate that gustatory and tactile signals from the tongue can influence cerebellar neuron activity. PMID- 3496940 TI - Temperature dependency of light adaptation in bullfrog cone photoreceptors. AB - Isolated, superfused bullfrog retinas were stimulated in such a manner as to allow examination of the dynamics of the shift in the stimulus-response curve that accompanies light adaptation of cone photoreceptors. Observed phenomena were highly temperature dependent with complex Arrhenius relationships, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the shift involve multiple enzyme systems. PMID- 3496941 TI - [Significance of the interaction between analgesic-antipyretics and ethanol in forensic medicine investigations]. PMID- 3496942 TI - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage in burn patients. AB - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage after burn injury remains a potentially lethal problem. A retrospective review of 3852 burn patients over 15 years revealed an incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage of 2.2 per cent and a mortality of 0.16 per cent. This low incidence of haemorrhage and mortality can be directly related to an aggressive prophylactic treatment with antacid and titration of the gastric pH to 5.5 or above. With this aggressive management programme, few operative procedures were required. A review of autopsy data showed that the site of haemorrhage was distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract with the predominant site being the stomach. PMID- 3496943 TI - Systemic absorption of a leucovorin mouth wash: a pharmacologic study. AB - Mucositis is one of the major problems encountered after the administration of systemic chemotherapy. Leucovorin, routinely used as a rescue agent for methotrexate may reduce toxicity, but may also reduce the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic agent. If leucovorin is administered as a mouth wash, local toxicity may be reduced without loss of methotrexate efficacy. In order to study this, 15 normal human volunteers were given leucovorin mouth wash and then had plasma determinations of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate and citrovorum factor. Small but statistically significant increases in plasma levels of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate were observed with no increase in levels of plasma citrovorum factor. It is concluded therefore that a small amount of leucovorin is absorbed systemically when administered as a mouth wash, but such an amount would most likely not be significant enough to reduce the effect of methotrexate therapy, but may reduce mucositis. PMID- 3496944 TI - [The use of propofol in short-term orthopedic surgery]. AB - The use of propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia was investigated in 77 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery scheduled to last no longer than 1 h. General anaesthesia is induced with 2 mg X kg-1 propofol, and maintained with repeated bolus of half induction dose of propofol (given when anaesthesia is judged too light). Anaesthesia was successfully induced with the single dose of propofol 2 mg X kg-1 in 93% patients, the others needed additional bolus dose of 1 to 2 mg X kg-1. For maintenance, mean rate of propofol was 0.148 mg X kg-1 X min-1. The recovery time was 15 minutes after the last bolus of propofol. The most noticeable side effects were apnoea during induction (89%), and painful injection (35%). Propofol is a short acting intravenous anaesthetic devoided of serious side effect which appears very useful for day case surgery. PMID- 3496945 TI - Endophthalmitis due to Oerskovia xanthineolytica. AB - Unilateral endophthalmitis developed in a 47-year-old man following an intraocular eye injury with a metallic foreign body. Eventually, Oerskovia xanthineolytica was isolated from the vitreous humour. To our knowledge this is the first documented case of endophthalmitis caused by this organism in humans. The clinical course and management of this opportunistic infection are discussed. PMID- 3496946 TI - Relationship between improved angina and left ventricular function change after aortocoronary bypass grafting. PMID- 3496947 TI - Preoperative management of the patient with coronary artery disease before abdominal aortic surgery. AB - Coronary artery disease accounts for more than half of the morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal aortic surgery. To improve the results of vascular surgery, the risk of perioperative cardiac ischemia should be evaluated in each patient. Routine coronary angiography demonstrated severe correctable coronary artery disease in 14% of patients who had no history or electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Exercise testing before abdominal aortic aneurysm repair will identify patients at high risk of cardiac ischemia. Dipyridamole-thallium imaging will identify high-risk patients before surgery for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Some patients with symptomatic coronary disease who are at extremely high risk should undergo preoperative coronary revascularization. Others should have their vascular surgery deferred, because their cardiac risk may exceed the anticipated benefit of the vascular surgery. Patients at moderate risk may need more intensive intraoperative monitoring. Patients without evidence of cardiac ischemia with stress may undergo vascular surgery with a low risk of perioperative cardiac ischemia. Finally, patients who have evidence of ischemic heart disease should be considered for coronary revascularization following successful vascular repair in order to prolong their survival. PMID- 3496948 TI - Preservation of platelets and blood products by intravenously administered dipyridamole in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The combination of dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid has been proven effective in preventing coronary artery bypass graft occlusion, but the benefits of dipyridamole alone have not yet been evaluated. In order to assess the value of dipyridamole alone, the authors randomized 24 patients (age range from 47 to 76 years) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting to treatment with either dipyridamole (120 mg/d) by constant intravenous infusion or isotonic dextrose solution. They recorded platelet counts and aggregates, hemoglobin levels, total blood loss, blood products and intravenous fluids given and dipyridamole plasma levels, starting 8 hours before operation and continuing for 3 days after. The two groups were similar with respect to pump time, cross-clamp time and baseline demographic factors. Platelet counts during cross-clamping and 1 hour postoperatively were similar, but those on days 1, 2 and 3 postoperatively were significantly (p = 0.01 to 0.02) higher in the dipyridamole group. Mean blood losses in this group were 22% to 30% lower, but the difference was not significant. However, administration of erythrocytes and plasma was 49% to 58% less in the dipyridamole group (p = 0.005 to 0.048) over the same period. Dipyridamole plasma concentrations varied from 0.37 micrograms/ml before and during bypass to 1.5 micrograms/ml in the 3 days after. The authors conclude that dipyridamole administered intravenously to patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting may preserve hemostatically effective platelets so that fewer blood products are required. PMID- 3496949 TI - Do symptoms reflect a change in left ventricular function after aortocoronary bypass grafting in patients with depressed left ventricular function? AB - Seventy-nine patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction who underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting between 1971 and 1977 had follow-up heart catheterization at a mean interval of 3 years. Thirty-three patients (42%) had angiographic improvement in left ventricular function at follow-up and 18 (25%) had a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Fifty-eight patients (73%) had improvement in angina of at least one New York Heart Association class at follow-up. There was no correlation between late improvement in left ventricular function and improvement in angina. Improvement in left ventricular function did not correlate with preoperative indices of severity of coronary disease or with indices of completeness of surgical repair. PMID- 3496950 TI - Childhood and adolescent suicide in Manitoba: a demographic study. AB - All suicides for ages 20 years and younger in Manitoba from 1971 to 1982 were studied for demographic and risk factors. Major demographic findings for Caucasian Manitobans agreed with past studies but native children showed several fold the rates for Caucasian children matched for gender and age. Both native males and rural Caucasian males suicided significantly more frequently at younger ages than their urban counterparts. Significant risk factors and demographic clusters of suicide victims were determined by statistical means and the results discussed in terms of a better understanding of childhood suicide, on a psychodynamic basis. PMID- 3496951 TI - Cytogenetics of Abelson virus-induced malignant lymphoma cell lines in the mouse. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on 11 established murine thymoma or peripheral lymphoma cell lines induced by a thymotropic Abelson virus. In eight cell lines a trisomy 5 was present, whereas, two cell lines had a normal karyotype like fresh tumor cells. In the last cell line a trisomy 11 resulting from a t(5;11) was observed. The origin of this nonrandom chromosome abnormality is briefly discussed. PMID- 3496952 TI - Complex translocation t(8;12;14) in a cell line derived from a child with nonendemic Burkitt-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - A cell line is described with a typical Burkitt lymphoma (BL) marker 14q+ due to the classical reciprocal translocation between chromosome #8 and #14 with breakpoints at 8q24.1 and 14q32.3. In addition, an interstitial piece from the long arm of 12(q24.1-q24.3) is inserted at the site of the exchange on chromosome #8, proximal to 14q32.3. PMID- 3496953 TI - Synergistic effects of combination therapy with human recombinant interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor in murine tumor models. AB - Human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were evaluated individually and in combination for their antitumor efficacy in vivo, using five s.c. murine tumors: L1210 leukemia, P815 mastocytoma, B16 melanoma, EL 4 lymphoma, and the methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, Meth A. While only the s.c. methylcholanthrene-induced tumor exhibited regression and/or cures in response to immunomodulatory therapy with either agent alone, the simultaneous administration of a maximally tolerated dose of TNF and IL-2 given daily from within 1 day (B16 melanoma), 3 days (L1210 leukemia and P815 mastocytoma) or 5 and 10 days (EL-4 lymphoma and methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma) after tumor cell implant resulted in no tumor takes (growth). The TNF dose was apparently rate limiting in that reduction of the amount of TNF in the combination by 50% resulted in the loss of curative effects, while IL-2 doses could be reduced by 90% (depending upon tumor type) and still result in an efficacious combination. The synergy seen in combination IL-2 and TNF therapy appeared to be dependent upon tumor burden, but somewhat independent of tumor location. For example, no tumors were seen in the artificial pulmonary metastasis model of the B16 melanoma, and the percentage of extension of median lifetime (test versus control) greater than 150% was seen in the i.p. B16 melanoma, as well as several other i.p. models of the five tumor types. On the other hand, no significant extension of lifetime (greater than 150%) was seen with either lymphokine alone when administered i.p. at maximally tolerated dose for any of the five tumors tested here. Results are discussed in relation to potential immune modulatory events which may be occurring during combination treatments. PMID- 3496954 TI - Distinct effects of adenine and guanine starvation on DNA synthesis associated with different pool sizes of nucleotide precursors. AB - Guanine nucleotide depletion primarily causes a drastic inhibition of DNA synthesis, while adenine nucleotide depletion interferes with other vital functions before inhibiting DNA synthesis (M. B. Cohen and W. Sadee, Cancer Res., 43: 1589-1591, 1983). This study addresses the hypothesis that the presence of a large adenine nucleotide pool with direct access to DNA synthesis prevents immediate cessation of DNA synthesis under conditions of adenine starvation, while the small guanine-DNA precursor pool is readily exhausted under guanine starvation. Adenine, guanine, and deoxyadenosine tracers were incubated with asynchronized or synchronized S-49 cells, and tracer progression into cellular nucleotide pools and nucleic acids was measured. Compartmentation of the dATP pool into a functional DNA precursor pool and a general cellular pool could not be demonstrated with [3H]dAdo tracer experiments with S-phase cells. While guanine tracer was incorporated into DNA without delay (less than 5 min), consistent with a small functional guanine-DNA precursor pool, adenine tracer incorporation into DNA was associated with a substantial delay period (approximately 30 min) indicative of a large functional adenine-DNA precursor pool. These results suggest that the different size of the functional nucleotide precursor pools with rapid access to DNA synthesis accounts for the dramatic difference in the effects of purine antimetabolites that cause either adenine or guanine starvation. PMID- 3496955 TI - Production of granulocyte-stimulating and bone cell-modulating activities from a neutrophilia hypercalcemia-inducing murine mammary cancer cell line. AB - We have previously shown that a transplantable murine tumor (CE mammary carcinoma) causes marked neutrophilia and excessive bone resorption in vivo. In order to understand the humoral mechanism of these tumor-induced phenomena, we successfully established a cell line (CE 816) and subsequently cloned CE mammary carcinoma cells in serum-free culture conditions. Cultured CE tumor cells continued to induce neutrophilia and hypercalcemia when they were transplanted back into mice. Conditioned medium (CM) prepared from the CE 816 cell line and control non-neutrophilia-inducing tumor cells were evaluated for stimulation of neutrophilic colony formation, embryonic bone cell proliferation, and bone resorption in vitro assays. Both the CE 816 and control tumor CM demonstrated colony-stimulating activity, but the CE 816 CM stimulated more neutrophilic colonies than the control tumor at all experimental conditions examined. The CE 816 CM demonstrated bone-resorbing activity but not control tumor CM. Both types of CM stimulated proliferation of embryonic bone cells. Production of colony stimulating and bone-mitogenic activities was directly related to the tumor cell growth in vitro. CM prepared from four clones of CE tumor cells demonstrated both colony-stimulating and bone cell-mitogenic activities. These studies provided evidence that CE mammary carcinoma cells produce factors affecting granulopoiesis and bone cells in vitro, and these activities are clonal in origin. PMID- 3496956 TI - Radiosensitizer conjugation to the carcinoma 19-9 monoclonal antibody. AB - Misonidazole was covalently conjugated (3-68 mol drug/mol antibody) to 19-9 monoclonal antibody directed against a colorectal carcinoma tumor-associated antigen as a method for targeting radiosensitizing agents. This attachment was accomplished by the mixed anhydride method using the hemisuccinate derivative of misonidazole. Evaluation of conjugates in vitro shows a loss of antibody binding activity with increasing loading levels; however, significant binding activity is retained even at relatively high sensitizer/antibody ratios. This observation was consistent in three binding assays: a competitive radioimmunoassay; an enzyme immunoassay; and an affinity column assay. From these studies, it was concluded that the optimal loading factor for misonidazole-antibody conjugates, when it is used for immunochemotherapy lies between 8 and 15. In vitro release studies indicated that conjugates are hydrolytically stable (t1/2 = 4 days) under physiological conditions. PMID- 3496957 TI - Recombinant interleukin 2 toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and immunomodulatory effects in a phase I trial. AB - Twenty-two patients with refractory malignancies were treated with four escalating weekly doses of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2), given either i.v. by 2- or 24-h infusion, or s.c. A 1-wk washout period between each dose of IL2 was provided for the evaluation for pharmacokinetic and immunomodulatory effects. The maximum i.v. dose was 30 X 10(6) units; the dose-limiting toxicities were fever, flu-like symptoms, and hypotension. The maximum s.c. dose was 3 X 10(6) because of volume limitations with s.c. injection. No tumor regression was seen. During infusions of 3 X 10(6) units over 2 h or 24 h, serum IL2 levels greater than or equal to 223 units/ml or 16 units/ml were maintained, respectively; with s.c. injection of 3 X 10(6) units, levels greater than 20 units/ml were maintained for 9 h. Marked lymphopenia was observed 24 h after the initiation of IL2 doses which was completely reversible when measured prior to the next dose. The lymphopenia was nonselective; T- and B-lymphocytes decreased in an IL2 dose-dependent manner, without consistent change in the OKT4:OKT8 ratio. No change was detected in monocyte expression of HLA-Dr or T-cell expression of the IL2 receptor. The in vitro generation of lymphokine-activated killer cytotoxicity decreased sharply and transiently shortly after i.v. doses. Mitogen responsiveness, delayed-type hypersensitivity, natural killer cytotoxicity, and mixed-lymphocyte reactivity were unchanged or decreased transiently shortly after IL2 doses. These studies help define the bioavailability of IL2 by i.v. or s.c. routes, and they will aid in the design of studies utilizing daily doses of IL2. PMID- 3496958 TI - Severe hypovitaminosis C occurring as the result of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - Adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer was investigated in our institution as part of a National Cancer Institute extramural group study. This treatment, for patients with metastatic malignant melanoma, hypernephroma, and colon carcinoma, consisted of three phases: (a) 5 days of i.v. high-dose (10(5) units/kg every 8 h) interleukin 2, (b) 6 1/2 days of rest plus leukapheresis; and (c) 4 days of high-dose interleukin 2 plus three infusions of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells. Toxicities included fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, and fluid retention. Ascorbic acid is known to be important to cell-mediated immunity, and it has been reported to be depleted during physiologically stressful events. Therefore, we determined plasma ascorbic acid levels in patients (n = 11) before adoptive immunotherapy and before and after Phases 1, 2, and 3 of treatment. Patients entering the trial were not malnourished. Mean plasma ascorbic acid levels were normal (0.64 +/- 0.25 mg/dl) before therapy. Mean levels dropped by 80% after the first phase of treatment with high-dose interleukin 2 alone (0.13 +/- 0.08 mg/dl). Mean plasma ascorbic acid levels remained severely depleted (0.08 to 0.13 mg/dl) throughout the remainder of the treatment, becoming undetectable (less than 0.05 mg/dl) in eight of 11 patients during this time. Values obtained from 24-h urine collections on two of two patients indicated that ascorbate was not excreted in the urine. Plasma ascorbic acid normalized in three of three patients tested 1 mo after the completion of treatment. Unlike the results for ascorbic acid, blood pantothenate and plasma vitamin E remained within normal limits in all 11 patients throughout the phases of therapy. Responders (n = 3) differed from nonresponders (n = 8) in that plasma ascorbate levels in the former recovered to at least 0.1 mg/dl (frank clinical scurvy) during Phases 2 and 3, whereas levels in the latter fell below this level. PMID- 3496959 TI - Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression by transforming growth factor-beta in a human breast carcinoma cell line. AB - Modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression determines cellular responsiveness to EGF and might play an important role in growth inhibition. We have investigated the actions of EGF and/or transforming growth factor type beta (TGF beta) on EGF receptor gene expression in MDA-468 human breast carcinoma cell line, which responds to EGF and/or TGF beta with growth inhibition. Using the cDNA clone pE7, which encodes 2.4 kilobases of the human EGF receptor mRNA, as a hybridization probe, we have found that exposure of MDA 468 cells to EGF results in elevated levels of EGF receptor mRNA. This increase in mRNA accumulation showed time and dose dependence. Addition of TGF beta enhances the accumulation of EGF receptor mRNA induced by EGF. Under this condition, stimulation could be detected after 1 h exposure to TGF beta with a maximum at 6-8 h. A concentration of 10 pM TGF beta gave detectable stimulation with maximal stimulation occurring at 300 pM in the presence of EGF (50 ng/ml). In contrast, TGF beta alone had no significant effect on EGF receptor mRNA accumulation. In the presence of cycloheximide, the EGF receptor mRNA was super induced in response to EGF. Treatment of the cells with TGF beta enhances the EGF dependent superinduction of EGF receptor mRNA produced by cycloheximide, suggesting that the stimulatory action of TGF beta does not depend on continuous protein synthesis. The results described here are consistent with the hypothesis that the growth inhibitory action of TGF beta in MDA-468 cells may be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of EGF receptor gene expression. PMID- 3496960 TI - Antitumor activity of intraperitoneal immunotoxins in a nude mouse model of human malignant mesothelioma. AB - Immunotoxins directed against human transferrin receptor have been evaluated in a nude mouse model of human malignant mesothelioma. Immunotoxins were constructed by linking ricin A chain to murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with the human transferrin receptor. A chain was obtained either by isolation from the parent toxin or by recombinant DNA techniques. These immunotoxins acted as potent in vitro cytotoxins against human malignant mesothelioma cells (H-MESO-1) (ID50, 2 X 10(-9) M). Cytotoxic potency and kinetics of cell kill were potentiated in vitro by the carboxylic ionophore monensin. For in vivo trials, nude mice were injected i.p. with 6-9 X 10(6) human malignant mesothelioma cells 24 h prior to the start of i.p. immunotoxin treatments. The survival of tumor-bearing mice was extended by 149-404%, representing a probable cell kill of 2-4 logs. Specificity of this antitransferrin receptor immunotoxin response was confirmed by the ineffectiveness of irrelevant control immunotoxins and blockade of specific immunotoxin action by excess free antibody. Monensin showed limited in vivo potentiation of immunotoxin effect, but a derivative formed by esterification of monensin with linoleic acid gave improved survival times over treatment with immunotoxin alone. Immunotoxins constructed with ricin A chain have significant tumoricidal activity in this model of regional antitumor therapy. These results may have direct relevance for treatment of i.p. malignancy in clinical settings. PMID- 3496961 TI - Effects of N,N-dimethylformamide and retinoic acid on transforming growth factor beta induced mitogenesis in AKR-2B mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a bifunctional reagent which can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects upon the same target cell. Treatment of growth arrested AKR-2B mouse embryo fibroblasts with TGF-beta has been shown to stimulate mitogenesis by an indirect mechanism. Addition of the differentiation agents N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or retinoic acid simultaneously with TGF-beta blocked the ability of TGF-beta to induce mitogenesis. These agents partially blocked the mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. DMF blocked TGF-beta induced mitogenesis when added 9 h, but not 24 h, after TGF-beta addition suggesting that DMF affects an early step in the mitogenic cascade induced by TGF-beta. TGF-beta will induce anchorage independent growth in AKR-2B fibroblasts and this was also inhibited by DMF. When AKR-2B cells were grown in monolayer culture, TGF-beta inhibited their growth. The addition of DMF under these conditions did not alter the cell's sensitivity to TGF-beta and the cells were still inhibited to the same extent by TGF-beta. Therefore, DMF did not affect the inhibitory action of TGF beta on AKR-2B fibroblasts but did block the stimulatory effects of TGF-beta. PMID- 3496962 TI - Local and systemic effects during interleukin-2 therapy of mouse mammary tumors. AB - The therapeutic effects of 12 daily peritumor injections of from 100 to 300,000 units of recombinant human interleukin-2 were tested against the syngeneic, immunogenic mammary carcinoma MC2 implanted s.c. into C3H/He mice. Local therapeutic effect on injected tumors was observed down to 300 units of interleukin-2 per injection. Cures of injected tumors were obtained with 1,000 units and more per injection. Systemic therapeutic effect on contralateral, uninjected tumors in treated mice was discernible at 5,000 units and more per injection. Hepatic periportal cellular swelling with mononuclear infiltration, and renal tubular edema were observed at 7,000 units or more per injection. Hepatic and renal repairs were rapid and complete with 50,000 units and less per injection. Hepatic necrosis developed above 50,000 units per injection. Deaths resulted from 100,000 units and more per injection. It is concluded that interleukin-2 can be a safe and effective therapeutic agent at a wide range of doses well below those that may be expected to have serious negative side effects. PMID- 3496963 TI - Suppression of synthesis and utilization of tropomyosin in mouse and rat fibroblasts by transforming growth factor alpha: a pathway in oncogene action. AB - Two events which commonly occur during transformation of murine and avian fibroblasts by retroviral oncogenes are production of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and suppression of tropomyosin synthesis. TGF has been proposed as a mediator of transformation through autocrine stimulation. Suppression of tropomyosin synthesis may contribute to the transformed phenotype through destabilization of actin microfilaments and cytoskeletal derangement. To determine whether suppression of tropomyosin synthesis might be a consequence of the action of TGF-alpha we studied tropomyosin synthesis in rat (normal rat kidney) and mouse (NIH3T3) fibroblasts treated with TGF-alpha. In a serum containing system, addition of TGF-alpha or epidermal growth factor to normal rat kidney monolayers in subnanomolar concentrations induced morphological changes consistent with transformation. These changes were accompanied by prominent suppression of synthesis of Mr 36,000 and 39,000 tropomyosins. Similar suppression was observed in NIH3T3 cells. Inhibition of tropomyosin synthesis began almost immediately after addition of TGF-alpha and became progressively more pronounced during the succeeding 48 h. Suppression of tropomyosin synthesis was correlated with reduced expression of 1.1- and 1.8-kilobase tropomyosin mRNAs in both TGF-treated normal rat kidney cells and v-Ki-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Rapid onset of a specific block in utilization of newly synthesized tropomyosin for formation of cytoskeletal elements was also demonstrated following TGF-alpha treatment. The evidence suggests that this block may be a specific effect of TGF-alpha treatment and that reduced expression of tropomyosin gene products may be either an independent event or a regulatory consequence of the block to utilization. The data support the conclusion that suppression of tropomyosin synthesis in cells transformed by a number of retroviral oncogenes results from the autocrine action of TGF-alpha. PMID- 3496964 TI - Estrogen-induced changes on the oviduct glycoconjugates in hypophysectomized and/or ovariectomized frogs. PMID- 3496965 TI - Remarkable changes in mitogen responsiveness and rosette-forming capacity of thymocytes with aging due to possible disorders of thymic hormone secretion from thymus epithelial cells of spontaneous thymoma Buffalo/Mna rats. PMID- 3496966 TI - Separation of biologically active polypeptides from rat thymus-epithelial-cell culture-supernatant by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3496967 TI - Further study on the maturational impairment of thymic lymphocytes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats--from the view of peripheral lymphoid organs. PMID- 3496968 TI - The production of factors regulating the proliferation of haemopoietic spleen colony-forming cells by bone marrow macrophages. AB - Media conditioned by normal murine bone marrow cells contain an inhibitor of haemopoietic spleen colony-forming cell proliferation that is concentrated in a nominal 50-100K fraction. Media conditioned by regenerating marrow cells contain a proliferation-stimulatory activity that is concentrated in a nominal 30-50K fraction. Cell separation experiments demonstrated that the activities are produced by adherent, phagocytic, radioresistant, Thy 1.2- Fc+, F4/80+ cells. Cultured macrophages, obtained from long-term marrow cultures or derived from progenitor cells in methyl cellulose cultures are also capable of producing inhibitory and stimulatory activities. The results are consistent with macrophages being an important source of stem cell proliferation regulators in the bone marrow. PMID- 3496969 TI - Kinetics of ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by permeabilized rat enterocytes. Effects of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. AB - Isolated rat enterocytes were permeabilized by saponin treatment. 45Ca2+ was accumulated by these cells when provided with ATP in a medium containing Ca2+ ligands. The use of oxalate, vanadate and mitochondrial inhibitors indicated that both non-mitochondrial and mitochondrial pools are involved. Kinetic analysis of non-mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake revealed a Km of 0.1 microM Ca2+ and a Vmax of 0.4 nmol Ca2+/mg protein X min for this Ca2+-pumping ATPase activity. Mitochondria started to take up Ca2+ between 0.2 and 0.3 microM free Ca2+ reaching maximal rates around 2 microM. At 1 microM free Ca2+ mitochondria accumulated 20 times more Ca2+ than the non-mitochondrial pool. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate released 40% of the Ca2+ content of the non-mitochondrial pool. Half-maximal release was observed at 0.5 and 1.5 microM IP3 in duodenal and ileal cells respectively. These findings support the possibility that the phosphatidyl inositide metabolism plays a role in regulation of electrolyte transport in enterocytes. PMID- 3496970 TI - Detection of a fusion peptide sequence in the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3496971 TI - Studies on primed precursors of effector T cells involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in mice. AB - The nature of primed precursor T cells (primed pre-TD), capable of differentiating into effector T cells (TD) that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), was investigated in B10 mice which were primed by intravenous (iv) injection of various doses of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The presence of primed pre-TD was detected by the ability of T cells in the spleens from primed mice, which were treated in vitro with pertussis toxin and then transferred into naive recipient mice, to generate DTH in the recipient mice 14 days after transfer. The primed pre-TD were induced antigen specifically 1 day after mice were primed by iv injection of a suboptimal (10(3)), an optimal (10(5)), or supraoptimal (10(9)) dose of SRBC. They were replaced by TD 4 days after priming in optimally sensitized mice, while they were maintained without generating TD for at least 5 weeks after priming in mice primed with either a suboptimal or a supraoptimal dose of SRBC. They were L3T4-positive and dense cells, fractionated in the high-density layers on a discontinuous Percoll density gradient, and capable of transforming into less dense TD, fractionated in the low density layers. These results indicate that primed pre-TD, which are induced by an antigen signal and then can be activated by a nonspecific stimulus, are present not only in responsive mice but also in unresponsive mice, suggesting that either the generation of TD from primed pre-TD or primed pre-TD alone is the decisive factor for either responsiveness or unresponsiveness. PMID- 3496972 TI - Inverse relationship in H-2-associated lysis between NK cells and rIL-2-activated killer cells: evidence from in vitro killing and metastatic experiments. AB - We investigated the manner in which rIL-2 induced effectors in vitro (LAK cells), which, like NK cells, lyse targets nonspecifically and discriminate nonself, and how H-2 as the self-marker affects the LAK cell killing mechanism. NK cells showed an appreciably higher killing activity to B16 melanoma H-2- cells than to H-2+ cells. In contrast, LAK cells lysed more efficiently to H-2+ cells. The in vivo experiments showed that the NK cells prevented pulmonary metastasis of B16 H 2- cells in the normal syngeneic host, whereas the transferred LAK cells had a preferential inhibitory effect on the pulmonary metastasis of B16 H-2+ cells in the immunodeficient syngeneic hosts. Taken together, these results show that the H-2-encoded or H-2-associated molecules contribute to the triggering signal in the lysis by LAK cells, whereas the NK cells recognize the reduced self H-2 expression on the targets, thereby contributing to a trigger of the lysis. PMID- 3496973 TI - The association of the rabies glycoprotein with liposome (immunosome) induces an in vitro specific release of interleukin 2. AB - BALB/c mice were primed by receiving a unique intraperitoneal injection of rabies virus antigens presented as complete inactivated virus (P.V. strain) or as purified glycoproteins either in the aggregated form or in physical combination with liposomes (i.e., in the form of "immunosomes"). The splenocytes of these mice were restimulated, 6-15 days after priming, in culture with rabies virus antigens, and antigen-specific IL-2 production was measured. It was found that rabies antigens presented as immunosomes were as active as the inactivated virus, whereas equivalent amounts of purified glycoproteins were inactive. The optimal amounts of rabies immunosomes used for priming was found to be 0.5 to 0.05 micrograms per mouse. PMID- 3496974 TI - Circannual rhythm in natural killer activity and mitogen responsiveness of murine splenocytes. AB - Seasonal variations were observed in murine splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity and also in murine lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, namely, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide. The maximum and minimum splenic NK cell activities were observed in January-February and July August, respectively. Conversely, maxima and minima of lymphoproliferative responses to all the three mitogens occurred in April-June and January-February, respectively. Such variations, when inferential statistics are used, appeared to be accounted for by circannual and other low-frequency (infradian) bioperiodicities. More specifically, the circannual rhythm in murine NK cell activity was demonstrated in data from a total of 356 mice collected over a period of 5 years. The various components of the immune system are characterized by a multifrequency time structure. The understanding of the organization of the immune system along the yearly scale may have bearings on that of the seasonal incidence of numerous infectious diseases and on the success/failure of immunotherapy. PMID- 3496975 TI - Biochemical studies on a cell surface determinant involved in T-cell proliferation. AB - Previous studies have shown that a monoclonal antibody (TH5.2) recognizes a cell surface determinant which is involved in the proliferative capability of T cells. The work reported here demonstrates that the T-cell-surface antigen recognized by TH5.2 is a glycoprotein of 55,000 to 60,000 molecular weight. The molecule shows a single molecular weight species upon reduction and denaturation, and it contains only a few percent of tunicamycin-sensitive carbohydrate structures. As shown in sequential immunoprecipitation studies, the TH5.2 antigen is on a molecule distinct from the interleukin-2 (Tac) receptor and the T4 molecule. Cell surface antigenic modulation experiments indicate that the TH5.2 antigen does not comodulate with, and therefore is distinct from, the T3, T4, T8, and Leu-5 T-cell antigens. PMID- 3496976 TI - A chemotactic factor for rat thymocytes may regulate T-lymphocyte migration toward the thymic microenvironment. AB - Using a modified Boyden chamber assay, extracts or culture supernatants of rat thymic stromal cells, or thymocytes were examined by chemotactic activity to rat leukocytes. Rat thymocytes responded chemotactically to the aqueous extract as well as to culture supernatants of thymic stromal cells. However, neither the extract and culture medium from concanavalin A-stimulated thymocytes nor any component of rat serum has shown such an activity. The thymic extract was fractionated into three molecular species with chemotactic activity for thymocytes. The thymocyte chemotactic factor(s) (TCFs) in the extract was distinct from known lymphocytic chemotactic factors, such as interleukin-1 (IL 1), IL-2, C5a, and the culture supernatant of stimulated thymocytes. In vitro, TCFs could attract, in addition to thymocytes, bone marrow cells, fetal liver cells, and nylon-wool nonadherent lymphocytes from peripheral blood and spleen. Lymph node cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and B cells from peripheral blood could not respond to TCFs. Thymocytes also responded to the extract of splenic stromal cells. Unlike the thymic extract, however, the splenic extract was chemotactically active for lymphocytes from lymph nodes but not for bone marrow cells. These results indicate that thymic stromal cells secrete a chemotactic factor(s) for a relatively immature type of T-lineage cells, which may by a thymus-homing progenitor T cell, while spleen may contain an attractant for a relatively mature type of T-lineage cells. PMID- 3496977 TI - The evolution of antibiotic production and public health problems. AB - Antibiotic evolution is closely paralleled by the evolution of bacterial resistance. Prior to wide usage of penicillin G, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics as a consequence of beta-lactamase production had been recognized, and has been an increasing clinical problem ever since. Discovery of antibiotics other than beta-lactams, such as macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, has also resulted in the eventual selection of bacteria resistant to these agents. Synthesis of novel beta-lactam derivatives from 6-APA, such as methicillin and isoxazolyl penicillins, resistant to staphylococcal beta lactamase, overcame the clinical problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus. Likewise, the isolation of cephamycins and monobactams, and further exploitation of the cephalosporin nucleus, led to the development of derivatives which display a high degree of stability to a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial beta-lactamases, thus rendering organisms producing these enzymes susceptible to these agents. Analogous modification of the penicillin nucleus, to give 6 alpha-substituted penicillins, also resulted in derivatives with exceptional stability to beta-lactamases. An alternative approach to the problem of beta-lactamase was the isolation or synthesis of substances able to inhibit the activity of enzymes, thus protecting the unstable beta-lactams from inactivation by beta-lactamase. In this way the activity of beta-lactamase-labile agents was effectively restored against a wide range of beta-lactamase-producing bacterial pathogens. The wide diversity of new antibacterial agents, together with an increasing knowledge and understanding of mechanisms of resistance, indicates that further advances against resistant bacterial pathogens is ensured. PMID- 3496978 TI - Syntheses of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, 24,25-dihydroxy-22-dehydrovitamin D3, 25 hydroxy-24-oxo-22-dehydrovitamin D3 and 22,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 3496979 TI - Synthesis of carbapenems with a sulfonyl group in the C-6 side-chain and their biological activity. PMID- 3496981 TI - Progress towards control of the acute respiratory viral diseases of childhood. AB - Many of the common respiratory illnesses of infancy and childhood are caused by viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family, in particular measles virus, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus and parainfluenzavirus type 3 (PI3). Effective measles vaccine was developed by classical methods, but these same methods have failed to provide vaccines to control RS and PI3 virus infections. The WHO Programme for Vaccine Development was initiated in 1983 to encourage the application of the new biotechnologies to continuing problems, such as the acute virus-induced respiratory diseases of childhood. At a meeting of research workers held in July 1986 under the auspices of this programme, renewed optimism was expressed concerning the prospects for immunoprophylaxis of RS virus-induced disease. Animal models are now available for evaluation of the immunogenic potential of candidate vaccines. Vaccinia/RS recombinant viruses have been produced which have allowed the immunogenic properties of individual RS virus proteins to be defined. Complete protection without the exacerbation of disease, which earlier had accompanied the use of formalin-inactivated vaccines, has been achieved in animals immunized with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the F protein; partial protection was obtained using G protein gene vectors. PI3 appears to be an inherently stable virus and evidence from animal experiments suggests that bovine PI3 might be suitable for use as a live vaccine in man. PMID- 3496980 TI - [Factors of humoral and cellular immunity in onchocercosis (results of studies conducted in Senegal)]. AB - In the course of Onchocerca volvulus infection in subjects with from light to heavy microfilarial count in skin snips occurred important alterations concerning both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Serum examination for immunoglobulins showed high synthesis of IgG, IgM and IgE. The level of IgM was found to be correlated to the intensity of the infection, an important reduction of T4 cells was observed and is associated with hyporeactivity to in vitro stimulation to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA). The considerable loss seen in T4 cells function could lead to a reducing of cell-mediated immune mechanisms and humoral response needed in the acquisition of resistance. PMID- 3496982 TI - Radiation and health. AB - Radiation has been a source of fascination and concern ever since Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen discovered X-rays on 8 November 1895. Over the years, health workers as well as the public have been concerned about medical uses of X-rays, the presence of radon in buildings, radioactive waste from nuclear power stations, fallout from nuclear test explosions, radioactive consumer products, microwave ovens, and many other sources of radiation. Most recently, the tragic accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the USSR, and the subsequent contamination over most of Europe, has again wakened interest and concern and also reminded us about a number of misconceptions about radiation. This article describes the essentials about radiation (especially ionizing radiation) and its health effects. PMID- 3496983 TI - Antigenic and amino acid sequence analysis of the variants of H1N1 influenza virus in 1986. AB - Since their reintroduction to human populations in 1977, influenza A viruses of the H1N1 subtype have undergone antigenic drift. Recently a distinct antigenic variant, A/Singapore/6/86, has been almost exclusively isolated internationally, and the antigenic properties and amino acid sequence of its haemagglutinin have been determined and compared with those of the haemagglutinins of other H1N1 viruses, in particular A/Chile/1/83. Fourteen amino acid sequence differences are detected between the HA1 components of these two viruses, ten of which are different from equivalent residues in the haemagglutinins of all H1N1 viruses isolated between 1982 and 1983, and seven of which are novel in the haemagglutinins of all H1N1 viruses sequenced to date. The results are discussed in relation to the three-dimensional structure of the haemagglutinin and the location of the previously defined antigenically important regions. PMID- 3496984 TI - Serological studies with influenza A(H1N1) viruses cultivated in eggs or in a canine kidney cell line (MDCK). AB - Pairs of influenza A(H1N1) viruses cultivated from the same clinical specimen in canine kidney (MDCK) cells or in embryonated hens' eggs can frequently be distinguished by their reactions with monoclonal antibodies to haemagglutinin and with antibodies in ferret or human sera. Egg-adapted virus, further passaged in MDCK cultures remained "egg-like" in serological characteristics indicating that the differences in their serological reactions were not a direct result of host cell-dependent glycosylation of the haemagglutinin. Haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) or virus neutralizing antibodies in human sera can be detected more frequently, and to higher titre, in tests employing virus grown exclusively in MDCK cells than in tests with virus adapted to growth in embryonated eggs. Striking differences were detected in the serological reactions in HI tests when sera from ferrets infected with egg-grown virus were tested against a series of strains of influenza A(H1N1) virus isolated in 1983 and adapted to growth in eggs. In contrast, sera from ferrets infected with MDCK-derived virus failed to distinguish serologically between the same viruses that had been passaged exclusively in MDCK cells and also revealed relatively small differences between their egg-adapted counterparts.It was concluded that the cell substrate used for virus isolation and cultivation is a factor that should be considered when interpreting the results of strain characterization of influenza A(H1N1) isolates and in sero-surveys using these viruses. PMID- 3496985 TI - Immunization with a live attenuated dengue-2-virus candidate vaccine (16681-PDK 53): clinical, immunological and biological responses in adult volunteers. AB - A live dengue-2 (DEN-2) candidate vaccine (strain 16681-PDK 53), attenuated by passage in primary dog kidney cells, was tested in ten adult volunteers for evaluation of the safety, infectivity and immunogenicity of a dose of 1.9-2.7 x 10(4) plaque-forming units. Five of the volunteers were nonimmune to either dengue or Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses; the other five were nonimmune to dengue but immune to JE. After receiving 1.0 ml of the vaccine subcutaneously, all ten volunteers developed neutralizing antibodies to DEN-2 which were maintained for at least one and a half years. None of the subjects developed abnormal signs or symptoms and the results of clinical chemistry investigations were within normal range throughout the 21 days of observation after the immunization. Virus isolated from one viraemic volunteer retained the small plaque and temperature-sensitive growth characteristics of the vaccine virus in vitro. Further testing of this candidate vaccine in humans is indicated. PMID- 3496986 TI - Assessing the impact of the expanded programme on immunization: the example of Indonesia. AB - The early impact of the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) in reducing morbidity from diphtheria was evaluated in the province of Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia. Since 1980, coverage of two doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization has been greater than 60% in Yogyakarta. The morbidity rate for diphtheria for children aged 0-4 years decreased from 4.3 per 100 000 population in 1978-79 to 1.7 per 100 000 in 1981-82, a reduction of 60%. In contrast, the morbidity rate for children aged 5-9 years remained relatively constant over the 5-year period. The EPI programme has therefore had a demonstrable effect on 0-4-year-olds in Yogyakarta. PMID- 3496987 TI - Twenty-four-hour recall, knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaires, and direct observations of sanitary practices: a comparative study. AB - Although responses to 24-hour recall and knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaires are commonly used in water-sanitation studies as surrogates for direct observation of behaviour, the validity of this approach is questionable. We therefore compared questionnaire data with those obtained by direct observation of practices related to water storage, handwashing, and defecation among 247 families in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. Analysis of the results indicates that accord between the replies to the questionnaires and the data collected by direct observation was poor and that the responses to the two questionnaires were often contradictory. Significant disagreements between the results of questionnaires and observations arose usually because desirable practices were over-reported by the respondents. The results of the study suggest that in urban Bangladesh 24-hour recall and knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaires should not be used as proxies for direct observation of hygiene practices. PMID- 3496988 TI - Laboratory and field microassay of cholinesterases in whole blood, plasma, and erythrocytes. AB - A straightforward method is described for determination of the activities of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase from single 10-mul samples of highly diluted whole blood. The procedure is a spectrophotometric microassay adapted for use with microtitration plates. The use of an enzyme immunoassay reader facilitates the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples. An inexpensive adaptation of the method was also devised that requires no instrumentation and was evaluated under field conditions in Haiti. Either the field or laboratory versions of the method can accurately determine increments of 10% or less in the level of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase or cholinesterase in whole blood, plasma, or erythrocytes. PMID- 3496989 TI - In vivo and in vitro genotoxicity of selected compounds toward rodent pancreas. AB - Using the technique of alkaline elution analysis, the ability of 11 known or suspected pancreatic carcinogens to damage the DNA of pancreatic acinar cells when administered to rats and hamsters was examined. The two species respond differently to several agents. In selected instances, DNA damage was also assessed in cultured pancreatic acinar cells exposed in vitro to the agents. Comparisons of DNA damage produced in vivo with that produced in vitro gave useful information on the role of pancreatic metabolism in activating pancreatic carcinogens. Finally, information germane to the question of the cell of origin for pancreatic cancer was obtained. PMID- 3496990 TI - Simultaneous measurement of eight corticosteroids by liquid chromatography, and application of the procedure to diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic procedure for simultaneously determining eight steroids in serum. We used a Zorbax ODS column and a mobile phase of methanol/isopropanol/water (44/10/46, by vol), which well resolves the steroids cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone, but not 11 deoxycorticosterone and androstenedione. Analytical recoveries of the steroids ranged from 89.27% to 99.58%. CVs were less than 10%. Prednisone and dexamethasone do not interfere. Using this method, we studied the serum steroid profiles of six patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to deficiency of 21-hydroxylase or 17-hydroxylase. Not only could we make a clearcut diagnosis and distinguish the subtle types of CAH, but also we could investigate clinical and biochemical variants of CAH. For example, we confirmed 17 hydroxylase deficiency in a patient who was normotensive with primary amenorrhea and streak gonads. PMID- 3496991 TI - Effect of iodinated contrast media on a radioimmunoassay of C3a. PMID- 3496992 TI - Screening methods for caloric testing. AB - In order to evaluate the screening capacity and the reliability of monothermal caloric stimulation, the caloric results obtained in 272 patients have been reviewed. The results of a complete bithermal 4-test-set are compared with the results of the hot and cold stimulation considered separately. The supposition that a complete 4-test set is necessary only if the monothermal reaction shows significant asymmetry, is tested by determining how far this would lead to a correct evaluation compared with the final results obtained by the bithermal testing. The study shows that hot as well as cold monothermal screening would result in too many false positive as well as false negative findings. A test procedure consisting of an alternating bithermal stimulation is proposed as a technique for shortening the examination time. This technique has proven to be reliable and it is also more comfortable for the patient. PMID- 3496993 TI - Vestibulospinal function in two syndromes with spontaneous attacks of vertigo: evaluation by posturography. AB - Two vestibular syndromes comprising attacks of spontaneous vertigo were studied and disturbance of the vestibulospinal reflex was evaluated. Patients with Meniere's disease were examined between attacks and patients with a sudden unilateral vestibular loss syndrome at least 3-4 weeks after the initial attack. Posturography, (recording and analysing the postural sway) was used to evaluate the influence of these disorders upon the vestibulospinal reflex. In 50% of the patients, the postural sway was disturbed compared with the performance of a normal control group. Meniere's disease had a more pronounced effect on the posturographic results, whereas for the unilateral vestibular loss syndrome the rotation tests showed more asymmetry. It is obvious that the effect upon the vestibulospinal reflex cannot be deduced from the rotational test results. Indeed in a large number of patients discordance between rotational test results and posturography was seen. The presence or absence of attacks during the previous year in patients with Meniere's disease had no influence on the presence of abnormal posturographic results. If other complaints of dizziness were mentioned by the patient, posturography was nearly always abnormal. It is evident that a complete evaluation of such patients must include information obtained by posturography. PMID- 3496994 TI - Human muscle-derived, tissue specific, myocytotoxic T cell lines in dermatomyositis. AB - Mononuclear cells were isolated from the inflamed muscle tissue of a patient suffering from dermatomyositis (DM). These were expanded in long-term culture and maintained in the presence of IL-2 containing culture medium. Two cell lines were established, one of the helper/inducer (OKT4+) and the other of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8+). The OKT4+ cell line exhibited a non HLA restricted, tissue-specific, myocytotoxic effect on rat muscle cell culture. Its lymphoproliferative response to human muscle antigen was HLA-restricted. The OKT8+ cell line exhibited a non HLA-restricted, tissue-specific response to muscle antigens and no myocytotoxic activity in in vitro rat muscle cell culture. It is likely that clones of OKT4+ lymphocytes in patients suffering from DM are associated with the pathogenesis of the disease--they probably mediate the diffuse damage to skeletal muscle through their myocytotoxic activity. PMID- 3496995 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of murine experimental autoimmune active hepatitis: sensitized T cell involvement in its induction. AB - Experimental autoimmune hepatitis was induced in B10.A(5R) mice sensitized by repeated intramuscular injections of syngeneic liver antigens emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. A 300R X-irradiation followed by two more injections after the sixth intramuscular sensitization to the mice resulted in active hepatitis with severe piecemeal necrosis. An intravenous adoptive transfer of spleen cells from the sensitized mice into normal syngeneic mice caused hepatitis in recipients which was characterized by extensive focal hepatic cell necrosis in the lobules. The transfer of spleen cells treated with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement failed to induce hepatitis, while the transfer of T cell enriched spleen cells by the panning method using rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin-coated dishes caused a somewhat more severe hepatitis than that caused by the transfer of whole spleen cells of the sensitized mice. PMID- 3496996 TI - Differential induction of lupus associated antinuclear antibodies in MRL mice by monoclonal anti-Sm antibodies. AB - The effect of monoclonal autoantibodies on immunoregulation was investigated in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. Passive transfer of KSm2 (a monoclonal IgG2a antibody directed against the 16 kD polypeptide of Sm) induced IgG antibodies to the other major immunoreactive polypeptides of Sm (28 and 29 kD) in all mice studied, and to polypeptides of the closely related antigen nRNP/Sm in 63% of the mice. In addition an increment in IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies, and in IgA and IgM anti-Sm antibodies, over control levels was observed. These effects were not due to polyclonal activation since anti-histone antibody levels were unaffected. Two other IgG2a monoclonal antibodies: KSm5 (directed against the 28 and 29 kD Sm polypeptides) and OX 12 (directed against an irrelevant antigen) failed to modulate the autoimmune responses of the mice in any way. These results demonstrate specific antibody-mediated connectivity between B cell clones producing autoantibodies against three distinct antigens. PMID- 3496997 TI - Interleukin 1 in Crohn's disease. AB - A number of the activities currently ascribed to the mediator interleukin 1 (IL 1) are relevant to chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Using the mouse thymocyte stimulation assay, lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) activity was measured in plasma samples and supernatants from cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 patients with Crohn's disease, six with ulcerative colitis, and 10 healthy subjects. Results were compared with disease activity, drug therapy, granulocyte count, and plasma levels of zinc and C-reactive protein (CRP). Very low levels of LAF were detected in a few plasma samples from each of the subject groups. Mononuclear cells from healthy subjects produced LAF only when cultured with lipopolysaccharide, but stimulated cells from patients produced greater amounts. Moreover, cells from six patients with Crohn's disease, not receiving steroids, produced LAF spontaneously. Crohn's disease patients also had low plasma zinc but elevated levels of CRP and granulocytes. This enhanced production of LAF in vitro may reflect a primary cellular defect in Crohn's disease, or a secondary consequence of monocyte activation. PMID- 3496998 TI - Release in vivo of IL-1 like activity by human skin. AB - We have demonstrated the release in vivo by normal human skin of a factor which possesses IL-1-like activity in the mouse thymocyte amplification assay. Quantitatively similar amounts of this factor were released from involved and uninvolved skin of patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. The IL-1-like factor was associated with inhibitory activity in the mouse thymocyte amplification assay. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that this inhibitory activity co-chromatographed with prostaglandin E2. These results provide further evidence for the role of the skin as an immunologically active organ and suggest that PGE2 may have an immunomodulatory role in human skin. PMID- 3496999 TI - HLA-DR-linked genes are involved in the control of T lymphocyte blood levels. AB - In the present study we have evaluated the association of HLA-DR antigens with circulating leukocyte levels in 113 HLA-typed normal healthy Sicilians. By two methods of statistical analysis (chi 2 test and Student t test) it has been possible to demonstrate clearly a significant association between high levels of mononuclear cells and HLA-DR1 phenotype. This increased number of mononuclear cells in HLA-DR1-positive subjects is due to the increase of blood T cells, whereas monocytes, B cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils are unmodified. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-DR-linked gene(s) are involved in the control of blood T-cell levels. PMID- 3497000 TI - Silent renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Several recent studies have focused on the discrepancy between lupus nephropathy and clinical renal involvement and, consequently, question the relevance of renal biopsy in these patients. We analyze the clinical characteristics, histological renal findings and subsequent course of patients with silent renal disease. Renal biopsy was performed in 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had no clinical signs of renal involvement (no urinary sediment abnormalities, absence of proteinuria and serum creatinine less than 1.3 mg/dl). All biopsies were classified according to a modified classification proposed by the WHO. Six cases (40%) showed no histological or immunofluorescence changes (type I), 7 (47%) had mesangial nephropathy (3 type IIa and 4 type IIb) and 2 (13%) had focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (type III). None of the patients had previous evidence of neurological abnormalities. Patients with type I only had arthritis, skin lesions and Raynaud's phenomenon. By contrast, 7 patients with histological renal involvement had serositis or hemolytic anemia. All cases with silent nephropathy were treated with steroids and showed a benign clinical course with stable renal function and absence of urinary abnormalities during follow-up. We concluded that in the absence of clinical renal abnormalities, renal involvement is not uncommon in SLE. We believe that a renal biopsy should be performed mainly in those SLE patients presenting with clinical manifestations other than arthritis or cutaneous lesions since this policy may allow detection of significant silent renal injury. PMID- 3497001 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients over age 70 years: report from the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry. AB - Between 1972 and 1985, 674 coronary bypass patients greater than or equal to 70 years (70% male, mean age 73 years) were among 10,622 patients with both catheterization and operative data entered into the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry. These greater than or equal to 70 years patients were analyzed regarding the operative morbidity, the 30-day operative mortality and the operative mortality's relation to coronary artery disease and ventricular wall motion abnormalities. The operative mortality was not different for the 174 patients operated upon before and the 500 patients after 1980. A mean of 3.4 grafts were placed during surgery. The complications encountered included a 7.1% perioperative infarction rate, a 4.2% incidence of cerebrovascular accident, a 3.6% incidence of reoperation for bleeding, a 2.4% incidence of renal failure, and a 2.1% incidence of pulmonary embolism. The overall operative mortality was 7.4%. The extent of coronary artery disease was distributed among patients such that 8.4% had single-, 28.0% had double-, and 63.6% had triple-vessel disease. The operative mortality as related to the extent of coronary artery disease was 5.2% for single-, 8.9% for double-, and 7.0% for triple-vessel disease. The operative mortality was 6.7% with no and 7.9% with left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. The operative mortality was 1.9% with 1 segmental wall motion abnormality, and increased to 13.3% (p less than 0.05) with 4-6 segmental wall motion abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497002 TI - Catheter ablation: relationship of defibrillator waveform to the production of postshock ventricular tachyarrhythmias and myocardial damage. AB - The myocardial damage and arrhythmogenicity of percutaneous transcatheter shocks utilizing two different defibrillator waveforms (truncated exponential and damped sinusoidal) were compared. Ten dogs (33.7 +/- 3.6 kg) were studied. Five received left ventricular damped sinusoidal R-synchronous shocks during sinus rhythm and the other five received truncated exponential waveform shocks. Each dog received four energies (60, 120, 180, and 240 joules) randomly assigned to four left ventricular sites. The immediate postshock rhythms were recorded. Ventricular tachycardia occurred after 90% of the damped sinusoidal shocks compared to only 25% of the truncated exponential shocks (p less than 0.005). The animals were sacrificed 14 days later. Infarct size as determined by planimetry was not significantly different for the two waveforms. Thus intracavitary shocks utilizing a truncated exponential waveform are less arrhythmogenic than damped sinusoidal waveform shocks but produce similar morphologic changes and therefore may offer a significant safety advantage for catheter ablation procedures. PMID- 3497003 TI - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and situs viscerum inversus. Report of a single case. AB - An uncommon case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is described in a patient with situs viscerum inversus. The radiographic features typical of DISH are present only on the left side of the thoracic spine. This finding confirms the role of the descending thoracic aorta in preventing the location of DISH on the left side. PMID- 3497004 TI - Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis, angio-oedema and 'lupus-like' disease: association with C4B null allele. AB - A patient who presented with urticarial vasculitis, recurrent angio-oedema and gastro-intestinal symptoms in association with a 'lupus-like' disorder is documented. Other 'auto-immune' phenomena such as Sjogren's-like syndrome and polyarthritis were present in association with antibodies to RNP, low C4 and a null allele was demonstrated at the C4B locus. Response to varied therapies was poor and unsustained. PMID- 3497005 TI - Proposals for diagnostic criteria of ankylosing spondylitis and allied disorders. PMID- 3497006 TI - Blood pool SPECT and planar imaging in hepatic hemangioma. AB - To determine the role of blood pool SPECT in hepatic hemangioma, 13 patients with suspected biliary disease but no prior history of neoplasm, in whom ultrasound examinations revealed one or more hepatic lesions, had blood pool SPECT followed by planar imaging of the liver. All 13 patients also had hepatic flow studies and early planar images. The 13 patients had 18 hemangiomas. The sensitivity for planar and SPECT for all hemangiomas was 12/18 (67%) and 17/18 (94%), respectively. All lesions greater than 3 cm were seen in the planar and SPECT images. For lesions 3 cm or smaller the sensitivity was 6/12 (50%) for planar and 11/12 (92%) for SPECT. This study suggests that blood pool SPECT of the liver may be the nuclear medicine study of choice in the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma and that it has a considerably higher sensitivity than planar imaging in the detection of hemangiomas 3 cm or less in size. PMID- 3497007 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome and its management. AB - ARDS is a relatively common disorder whose high mortality has changed little over the past few years. Management remains supportive in essence, consisting of careful ventilatory management and attention to fluid balance and nutritional needs. Certain complications, especially sepsis, need to be prevented if possible. Currently, there is no pharmacologic intervention of proven benefit. Future improvements in the treatment of ARDS will depend on new research incorporating both laboratory and clinical approaches. PMID- 3497008 TI - Epidemiological study of tobacco smoking behaviour among young people in a rural community of the hill region of Nepal with special reference to attitude and beliefs. PMID- 3497009 TI - The importance of the renal interstitium for kidney function. PMID- 3497010 TI - Remote effects of caudate hemorrhage: a clinical and functional study. AB - Clinical, anatomical and functional findings in two cases of previous caudate nucleus hemorrhage, with good recovery, are presented. CBF data obtained with SPECT and 123 I-HIPDM well correlate with functional residual deficit, despite normal TCT examinations. These observations are suggestive of a partial "wallerian" diaschisis. PMID- 3497011 TI - Effects of concentrated albumin treatment after aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - The effects of 20% albumin (2.5 mg/kg) on plasma volume (PV) and hemodynamics, as well as albumin pharmacokinetics, were studied in ten spontaneously breathing patients 20 h after coronary bypass surgery. The albumin was infused over 20 min, and serial changes in PV were followed for 60 min using 131I albumin dilution. Plasma albumin (P-Alb) and total protein concentrations, as well as oncotic pressure, hemodynamic, and oxygen transport variables, were followed for 90 min. Eleven patients served as controls. At baseline, 7.5% and 5.5% reductions in blood volume were found in the albumin and control groups, respectively. The maximal PV gain (4.5 ml/kg) was reached 15 min after the infusion. Coincidentally, 7.7 ml H2O was linked to 1 g of albumin retained in the circulation. The half-life of P-Alb was 16.2 h, and the distribution volume of the infused dose exceeded PV. An increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure produced an increase in cardiac index. The right and left ventricular stroke work indices also increased. Pulmonary shunt flow, PaO2, and urinary output did not change appreciably. PMID- 3497012 TI - D-erythro-neopterin plasma levels in intensive care patients with and without septic complications. AB - The activation of macrophages is accompanied by release of 2-amino-4-oxo-6(D erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-dihydropterid ine (D-erythro-neopterin). The neopterin levels of 21 patients were measured with radioimmunoassay. The patients were classified according to the clinical course and outcome. We found highly significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors for each of the evaluated days of the observation period. In addition to a sustained increase, patients with fatal outcome always showed a higher percentage of neopterin levels (88.2 +/- 28 [SD]%) exceeding the upper confidence limit (27.4 nmol/L) than survivors (31.8 +/- 29.9%). We conclude that the assessment of D-erythro neopterin might be an easily available aid for an early evaluation of the immunologic status of a patient at risk for septic complications. PMID- 3497013 TI - Ocular immunization of guinea pigs. AB - The experiments described were undertaken to determine which cells of guinea pigs immunized by different ocular routes produce the IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies detected in the serum. Guinea pigs were immunized intravitreally, topically, or by intravitreal immunization followed by topical conjunctival challenge. An indirect plaque assay was used to detect antibody producing cells in the cervical lymph nodes and ocular tissues. Passive hemagglutination, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and ELISA assays were used to detect serum antibody. Both the topical and intravitreal methods initiated a primary antibody response. The guinea pigs developed IgG1 and IgG2 serum antibodies, but IgE and IgA antibodies were not detected. IgG1 and IgG2 plaque forming cells (PFC) were found in the lymph node and uveal tissues of the intravitreally immunized guinea pigs, and in the lymph node and conjunctival tissues of the topically immunized animals. IgA plaque forming cells were not detected in topically immunized animals. No antibody producing cells were found in intravitreally immunized guinea pigs sacrificed after the first conjunctival challenge (two months after sensitization). The highest numbers of lymph node and conjunctival PFC were found in the animals sacrificed three days after the second or third topical challenge. The numbers of IgG1 antibody producing cells in this group of guinea pigs were usually higher than the numbers of IgG2 PFC. Serum antibody levels, undetectable before challenge, increased after the second challenge. We conclude that both lymph node and ocular cells produce antibody in guinea pigs immunized by ocular routes. PMID- 3497014 TI - [Principles of risk research in surgery: definition, calculation and clinical use in the problem of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - In surgery, risk research is of great importance at the present time but is controversely discussed with contradictory definitions, calculations and applications. In this paper standardized and quantitative definitions of risk and risk factors using probabilities are given. A calculation of risk, risk factors and risk rates is performed using data from studies on bleeding duodenal ulcers. Possible applications of risk and risk factor research (risk analysis) in suitable treatment policies are demonstrated using data from patients with bleeding duodenal ulcers. The utility of this type of approach, using decision tree analysis, clearly manifests itself in the reduction of lethality. Objective and quantitative surgical risk research and its application as risk analysis using probabilities can improve patient care in standard surgical situations. PMID- 3497015 TI - [Rare acute intestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 3497016 TI - Lymphocyte surface phenotypes in pernicious anemia. AB - Because an immunological defect of an unknown nature is thought to be a factor in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia, we studied lymphocyte surface phenotypes in 40 patients and compared them with 113 healthy controls. The only significant difference that emerged was in their slightly decreased number and proportion of surface immunoglobulin (lambda chain) -bearing cells. Of specific interest, the numbers of OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes and the T4+/T8+ ratios were not significantly different from control values. A sizable minority of patients had increased ratios, while a smaller number had decreased values. No explanation or identifying feature was apparent for those patients with either increased or decreased T4+/T8+ ratios. (One patient with a very low ratio, who was excluded from our analysis, developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome.) No differences were apparent in T4+/T8+ ratios or any other lymphocyte surface phenotypic characteristics when patients were segregated by presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibody or anti-parietal cell antibody, or by race, sex, or age. Our results in a racially heterogeneous group of patients do not support the suggestion that T4+/T8+ ratios are usually abnormal in prenicious anemia or that the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibody is associated with such abnormality. PMID- 3497018 TI - [Differential expression of crystallin genes during development of the frog Rana temporaria]. PMID- 3497017 TI - [Neurophysiologic analysis of hypothalamic mechanisms of primary sleep and hypobiosis]. PMID- 3497019 TI - [Function of the bursa of Fabricius]. PMID- 3497020 TI - [Radionuclide imaging of intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3497021 TI - [Effect of the epidermal growth factor on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in the rat intestinal mucosa]. AB - The radioimmunological and radioreceptor methods have been used to show that sialadenectomy leads to the stable decrease of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration in saliva and blood serum. The mean number of colon tumours per rat was significantly lower among the rats which had been sialadenectomized before injections of the carcinogen, than in the control. But a sharp stimulation of carcinogenesis in the duodenal mucosa was observed after sialadenectomy. The production of the alpha-transforming growth factor with the EGF-competing activity for the EGF-receptors was found in the chemically-induced rat colon tumours. PMID- 3497022 TI - Sex reversal in wrasses. I. Uptake of testosterone by the gonads and the central nervous system and its aromatization in the CNS of Thalassoma duperrey (Teleostei: Labridae). AB - 3H-Labelled testosterone, injected into the peritoneal cavity of T. duperrey is taken up by the central nervous system and the gonads. In the brain maximal uptake occurs within 1 to 2 h whereas maximal uptake in the gonads takes place within 1/2 to 1 h. Relatively large amount of radioactivity were eliminated into water: the elimination reached 8% of the injected dose in 4 h. The brain and the gonads are capable of aromatizing injected androgen, forming estrone, estradiol and more polar metabolites (i.e. containing more than 2 hydroxyl groups) and water soluble derivatives (possibly either the sulfates, or glucuronides). The uptake, and metabolism, may be higher in males as compared to females. PMID- 3497023 TI - Effect of thyroxine in vivo on malic enzyme activity in liver cytosol of propylthiouracil and alpha-amanitin treated rats. AB - The activity of rat liver malic enzyme (L-malate: NADP oxidoreductase/decarboxylating, MDH, E.C. 1.1.1.40) after T4 or T4 + alpha amanitin treatment was investigated in relation to nuclear specific binding of T4. Specific binding of 125I-T4 to hepatic nuclear sites in rats at 21 days after thyreoparathyreoidectomy (Tx) was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) and was restored within 24 hours after a single dose of T4. Equilibrium association constants Ka estimated in all experimental groups were not attenuated. The activity of MDH increased 48 and 120 hours after a single dose of T4. In contrast, it decreased after Tx and was restored after T4 injection. The initial block of the stimulatory effect of T4 on MDH activity induced by alpha-amanitin observable during the first 48 h was overcome after 120 h when the increase of MDH activity was not only increased to normal values but reached values of T4 treated rats. It seems that the signal for the increase of the activity of MDH induced by thyroid hormones could occur as a secondary phenomenon stimulated by an as yet undefined intracellular process. PMID- 3497024 TI - Evidence for thymus involvement in development of adrenal and gonadal endocrine functions in mice. AB - The endocrine function of the gonads and adrenals was studied in mice with congenital athymia (mutation nude); in normal mice thymectomized at 3 days of age and in congenitally athymic mice with thymic transplants from the 5th day of life. The data demonstrated that abnormal function of the adrenals and testes in nude mice is related to the absence of a functionally active thymus during early ontogenesis. The effect of thymosin (fraction 5) on the formation of adrenal functional activity was studied in congenitally athymic and normal mice. Treatment with thymosin during the first days of life resulted in suppressed adrenal function in adult athymic and normal mice. When given to adult normal mice, thymosin also decreased adrenal function. It is suggested that the thymus and its hormone thymosine are of importance in the formation of endocrine functions during the postnatal period in mice. PMID- 3497025 TI - Plasma testosterone response to repeated human chorionic gonadotropin administration is increased in trained athletes. AB - In a group of 34 athletes and 11 untrained volunteers the plasma testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation was evaluated. The hCG stimulation tests were performed by injecting 3000 IU of hCG i.m. on three consecutive days with plasma testosterone determinations before the first injection and 24 h after the last, i.e. third hCG injection. The basal testosterone levels were similar in both trained and untrained individuals. Plasma testosterone levels in response to repeated hCG stimulation were found to be significantly higher in the group of trained subjects. PMID- 3497026 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in several hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei after acute and chronic immobilization stress in rats. AB - Acute and repeated immobilization stress increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) specific activity in the nucleus supraopticus and median eminence of the rat and this increase was still present 24 hours after the 7th or 45th day of immobilization. The increase of AChE activity in those nuclei was probably related to the neuronal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis during stress conditions. Acute and repeated immobilization was not accompanied by the change of AChE activity in A1 area and locus coeruleus. 46 days of immobilization periods produced a significant increase of AChE specific activity in the raphae dorsalis nucleus only which returned to normal values 24 hours after the last day of immobilization. PMID- 3497027 TI - Estimation of the mortality rate of patients with severe gastroduodenal hemorrhage with the aid of a new scoring system. AB - The widely differing mortality rates of severe gastroduodenal hemorrhage reported in the literature (10-30%), are due to very inhomogeneous patient groups. The purpose of this study was therefore to rank various clinical and endoscopical factors by giving them points from 0 to 6, both to establish comparable groups and to use them as prognostic parameters for a potential fatality rate. One hundred and ninety-three patients with severe gastroduodenal bleeding, verified at emergency gastroscopy immediately after admission, were admitted to this prospective study. The statistical assessment of the prognosis for these 8 factors revealed a linear correlation between increasing score and mortality rate for the following risk factors: patient age, activity and intensity of hemorrhage, type and number of associated illnesses, various therapeutic procedures. Only the type of the source and the site of the hemorrhage did not correlate well. By adding up the points of all risk factors for every patient we calculated the overall score and established a correlation to the mortality rate: A definite statistical correlation was demonstrated between increasing score and fatal outcome. If a patient with a score of less than 20 points did survive in 100%, the mortality rate increased linearly to 83.3% in patients with a score of 40 points. Using this scoring system it is possible to establish comparable groups of patients - which seems indispensable for a critical examination of various therapeutic procedures. Furthermore, this score can serve as a predictor of the probability of a fatal outcome shortly after patient admission. PMID- 3497028 TI - Normal coordinate analysis of 2'-deoxythymidine and 2'-deoxyadenosine. AB - The proposed valence force field allows us to reproduce the vibration modes of 2' deoxythymidine and 2'-deoxyadenosine. The present calculations are based on the Wilson GF-method and a non-redundant set of symmetrical coordinates. The calculated wavenumbers have been compared to the available Raman and infrared peak positions observed in solid, amorphous or aqueous samples. Moreover, the results obtained with the present force field allow us to assign some of the characteristic vibration modes for the thymidine and adenosine residues involved in DNA double-helical chains. PMID- 3497030 TI - T cell suppressor factor from human glioblastoma cells is a 12.5-kd protein closely related to transforming growth factor-beta. AB - T cell suppressor factor produced by human glioblastoma cells inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro and more specifically interferes with interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent T cell growth. Here we report the purification of this factor from conditioned medium of the human glioblastoma cell line 308. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the 12.5-kd protein demonstrates that eight out of the first 20 amino acids are identical to human transforming growth factor-beta. Purified glioblastoma-derived T cell suppressor factor and transforming growth factor-beta from porcine platelets inhibit both IL-2-induced proliferation of ovalbumin specific T helper cells and lectin-induced thymocyte proliferation with similar specific activities. If released by glioblastoma cells in vivo, the factor may contribute to impaired immunosurveillance and to the cellular immunodeficiency state detected in the patients. PMID- 3497029 TI - B cell growth modulating and differentiating activity of recombinant human 26-kd protein (BSF-2, HuIFN-beta 2, HPGF). AB - The human "26-kd protein' is a secreted glycoprotein expressed, for example, in (blood) leukocytes, in epithelial cells treated with various inducers, but most strongly in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-treated fibroblasts. After finding it has antiviral and 2-5A synthetase-inducing activity, one group of authors called this protein IFN-beta 2. However, recently the full-length 26-kd cDNA sequence was shown to be identical with that of a B-cell-differentiating lymphokine called BSF 2, and another report suggested that the 26-kd protein could support the growth of some transformed murine B cell lines. To define its biological activities, we expressed the recombinant 26-kd protein by translating in Xenopus laevis oocytes a pure, synthetic chimeric mRNA containing the 26-kd protein coding region surrounded by Xenopus laevis beta-globin untranslated regions. A similar construction, but containing the HuIFN-beta cDNA coding region, was used to produce HuIFN-beta by the same procedure. Both recombinant glycoproteins were secreted, glycosylated, and their amounts were measured by [35S]methionine incorporation by the oocyte. Here we show that the recombinant 26-kd protein exhibits a high growth factor activity when assayed on an IL-HP1-dependent murine B cell hybridoma (sp. act. approximately 2 X 10(8) U/mg) as well as a potent differentiating activity on human CESS cells (sp. act. approximately 5 X 10(7) U/mg). While rHuIFN-beta was inactive in the latter two assays, it had the expected antiviral activity of 1-5 X 10(8) U/mg. The parallel recombinant 26-kd protein preparations had no detectable antiviral activity (i.e. a maximal specific activity of 1-3 X 10(2) U/mg, if any). The 26-kd protein is thus clearly an interleukin, and considering the confusing nomenclature now in use, this factor may better be renamed "interleukin 6'. PMID- 3497032 TI - Coronary bypass surgery in exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia. AB - Among 400 consecutive patients undergoing conventional isolated bypass surgery, 9 patients had clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of severe ischaemia during exercise and serious exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Four patients had spontaneous exercise-induced arrhythmias and two had been resuscitated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Postoperatively all patients were free of angina, off anti-anginal drugs with considerably increased exercise capacity and maximal heart rate during exercise. No spontaneous or exercise induced arrhythmias have recurred during observation periods ranging from one to four and a half years. In this subset of patients ischaemia seems to be the crucial arrhythmia-inducing factor and bypass surgery alone may therefore be therapeutic. The reduction of ischaemic exercise-induced arrhythmias may be one way by which bypass surgery reduces mortality in larger patient series. PMID- 3497031 TI - Purification of human epidermal growth factor (urogastrone) from urine. AB - Human epidermal growth factor has been isolated from a concentrated chromatographic eluate of human urine. The purification method utilizes six chromatographic steps including adsorption to aminoethylcellulose (AE-11), gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, carboxymethylcellulose (CM-52) chromatography, ion exchange HPLC and reverse-phase HPLC. The final product appears homogeneous and identical to pure gamma-urogastrone when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase HPLC using two eluent systems. The yield of the method described above allowed the development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay system for this growth factor. PMID- 3497033 TI - Long-term survival after counterpulsation for medically refractory heart failure complicating myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery. AB - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) was performed in 225 patients over a 12-year period for the treatment of severe left ventricular failure following acute myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery, and which had failed to respond to conventional therapy. Of these patients, 97 (43%) were discharged alive from hospital. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 5.8 years (3 months to 11 years) and assessment of functional status was made. In patients with shock after myocardial infarction, the most favourable outcome was seen in patients who had mechanical cardiac defects which were corrected after institution of IABP and in those treated within 8 hours of the onset of shock; of those patients without shock, best results were seen in patients who had evidence of continuing ischaemia prior to IABP. In patients treated after cardiac surgery, long-term results were favourable in patients with good pre-operative left ventricular function and in those who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement. Long-term results in patients treated with IABP for refractory cardiac failure are encouraging and suggest that IABP should have a continuing role in certain high risk patient groups. PMID- 3497034 TI - Chronic atrial fibrillation--epidemiologic features and 14 year follow-up: a case control study. AB - In a randomly selected population of 9067 individuals, 32-64 years of age in 1967 1970, 25 (0.28%) had chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF). Eight had lone atrial fibrillation. In 1984 the cases were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group of 50 and found to have more cerebrovascular accidents (6 versus 2; P less than 0.05), congestive heart failure (9 versus 1; P less than 0.001), and valvular rheumatic heart disease (3 versus 0) or history consistent with rheumatic fever (6 versus 0; P less than 0.01). The mortality in the CAF group was 60% higher due to an excess in cardiovascular (relative risk 6.1; P less than 0.05) and cerebrovascular (relative risk 12.2; P less than 0.05) causes. The prevalence or incidence of ischaemic or hypertensive heart disease or the presence of coronary risk factors did not significantly differ in the two groups. By M-mode echocardiography the left atrial size, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension and left ventricular mass were increased in the CAF patients, while the systolic left ventricular shortening was significantly less. Thus, the prevalence of CAF is low in a randomly selected population 32-64 years of age and CAF is not strongly associated with ischaemic heart disease or hypertension. The CAF patients have an increased risk of dying prematurely particularly from cerebrovascular causes, even in the absence of valve disease. PMID- 3497035 TI - A comparative study of attenuation correction algorithms in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). AB - A computer based simulation method was developed to assess the relative effectiveness and availability of various attenuation compensation algorithms in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The effect of the nonuniformity of attenuation coefficient distribution in the body, the errors in determining a body contour and the statistical noise on reconstruction accuracy and the computation time in using the algorithms were studied. The algorithms were classified into three groups: precorrection, post correction and iterative correction methods. Furthermore, a hybrid method was devised by combining several methods. This study will be useful for understanding the characteristics, limitations and strengths of the algorithms and searching for a practical correction method for photon attenuation in SPECT. PMID- 3497036 TI - Contribution of the positron camera to studies of regional lung structure and function. AB - Positron emission tomography is a major technological advance in the characterisation of structure-function relationships within and between regions in normal and abnormal lungs (Hughes et al. 1985). The measurements are noninvasive and relatively exact since the geometric conditions are precisely defined. Regional expansion, flow (ventilation, perfusion), oxygen concentration (from VA/Q) and glucose metabolism can be measured in absolute terms per cubic centimetre of thorax or per gram of extravascular lung. Examples of structure function relationships in normal subjects, emphysema, bronchitis and sarcoidosis are briefly presented. PMID- 3497037 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary embolism. AB - Pulmonary embolism (PE) is difficult to diagnose. The clinical signs and symptoms of the disorder are nonspecific, and the results of laboratory tests are undependable. Accordingly, imaging studies have played a major role in evaluation of patients with suspected PE. Chest radiography is an essential part of this imaging evaluation, but is neither sensitive nor specific, per se. The radiograph is used primarily to provide a regional comparison for ventilation-perfusion (V P) scintigraphy. V-P scintigraphy typically is the pivotal noninvasive approach to diagnosis of PE. Multi-view perfusion scintigraphy is a sensitive means for detecting the multiple, wedge-shaped defects characteristic of PE. The perfusion scan's inherent nonspecificity is improved by the ventilation study, which reveals abnormalities of ventilation that account for perfusion defects not caused by PE. Multi-view ventilation imaging with either the xenon gases, Kr-81m or radioaerosols is useful for comparison with perfusion scans. When performed properly and interpreted within the guidelines of current diagnostic schemes for scintigraphy, V-P studies provide approximately 90% reliability for the diagnosis of PE. When used alone or in conjunction with noninvasive studies of deep venous thrombosis, they provide an excellent basis for selection of certain patients for pulmonary angiography, and for other decisions about the clinical management of patients with suspected PE. PMID- 3497038 TI - Troleandomycin effects on methylprednisolone and methylprednisone interconversion and disposition in the rabbit. AB - A study of the effects of troleandomycin (TAO) on the disposition of intravenous methylprednisolone in rabbits was performed in order to develop an animal model to further evaluate the mechanism of TAO/steroid beneficial effects in severe asthma. The plasma concentration-time profiles of methylprednisolone and methylprednisone were determined in the presence and absence of single and multiple dose TAO regimens. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a significant decrease in total plasma clearance of methylprednisolone in the presence of multiple dose TAO. Alterations in the disposition of the reversible metabolite, methylprednisone, were also observed. The TAO-methylprednisolone interaction may involve decreasing the degree of interconversion between the steroid and its reversible metabolite. TAO also decreases metabolite turnover more than three fold. The antibiotic does not cause marked deviation from linear biexponential elimination of methylprednisolone as observed in man. The rabbit may serve as a useful animal model for further studies of the TAO/methylprednisolone interaction. PMID- 3497039 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam after oral administration in healthy human subjects of various single doses. AB - Single oral dose pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in the dose range intended for therapeutic application of the drug have been defined in healthy human subjects. Twelve male volunteers were given, in random fashion, oral administration of 10, 20 or 40 mg of tenoxicam. Plasma drug levels were determined by a standard HPLC method with U.V. detection. Model-independent analysis showed the clearance, elimination half-life and apparent volume of distribution to be independent of dose with mean values of 0.096 L/h, 76 h and 9.2 L respectively. Interindividual variation was six-fold and individual variation less than two-fold. Similar values for kinetic parameters were obtained by model-dependent methods. The pharmacokinetics of oral tenoxicam were linear in the 10-40 mg dose range and the single dose data predict five-fold accumulation for once daily administration. PMID- 3497040 TI - Association between HLA antigens and bladder tumors. AB - HLA antigen type was studied in 55 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The results showed high HLA-B5 and low HLA-BW35 frequencies. Histological grade, stage, and recurrence rate of tumors were also evaluated separately. The results were more significant in recurrent tumors. PMID- 3497041 TI - Troleandomycin-triazolam interaction in healthy volunteers: pharmacokinetic and psychometric evaluation. AB - Seven healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of triazolam 0.25 mg after 7 days on troleandomycin 2 g/day p.o. or placebo in a double-blind cross-over study. Plasma triazolam and psychometric and memory tests (including Critical Flicker Fusion threshold, Choice Reaction Time, Digit Symbol Substitution and Self-Rating Scales) were assessed at regular intervals after the final treatment. Troleandomycin was found to prolong the psychomotor impairment and amnesia produced by triazolam. There was a significant enhancement of the AUC, the peak concentration and the delay to tmax of triazolam after 7 days treatment with troleandomycin compared to placebo. Thus, there is a pharmacokinetic interaction, and the combination of triazolam and troleandomycin should be avoided or the dose of triazolam should be adjusted. The most likely mechanism is a diminished hepatic first-pass effect, and a decrease in the apparent oral clearance of triazolam. PMID- 3497042 TI - Expression of muscarinic cholinergic receptors during T cell maturation in the thymus. AB - Thymocytes at various stages of their ontogeny have been studied in relation to their ability to bind [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]QNB), a specific radioligand of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors. [3H]QNB-specific binding to thymocytes from 15-19-day fetal, newborn and adult thymuses of mice and rats was compared and correlated. Our experiments showed that the kinetics of [3H]QNB binding to thymocytes at 37 degrees C was similar to that of the lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) with maximum after 5 min of incubation and subsequent decrease to 10% of the maximum after 90 min of incubation. Maximal binding for the entire thymocyte population was twice lower than for the cortisone-resistant thymocytes (CRT) or for LNL. Binding of [3H]QNB carried out at 4 degrees C resulted in disappearance of the maximum, but did not alter the difference between CRT and entire thymocyte population. Depletion of CRT detectable [3H]QNB-specific binding to thymocytes until 18th day of gestation but the maximal binding increased up to 20% at the day 19 and reached 90% of adult level on the third day after birth. Moreover, carbamylcholine (a muscarinic agonist) treatment in vivo induced a significant decrease in [3H]QNB binding to the thymocytes. We thus suggest that a subpopulation of thymocytes bearing muscarinic receptors in the periphery acquired these receptors in the thymus as one of the last steps of their maturation. We cannot exclude the possibility that cholinergic stimulation might trigger these lymphocytes to leave the thymus. PMID- 3497043 TI - T cells expressing delayed-type hypersensitivity can be derived from a humorally immune lymphocyte population. AB - Spleen cells from mice immunizied to produce a potent humoral response do not express delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). These cells, when cultured at low density in the presence of the specific antigen for about 6 days, are able to produce swelling of the footpads of normal mice 24 h after they are injected s.c. into the footpad with the appropriate antigen. This footpad swelling peaks 24-48 h after the injection of the cells, requires the presence of Ly-1+Ly-2- T cells in the immune population, is due to the interaction of antigen-specific cells with the appropriate antigen and is therefore due to DTH-mediating cells. The optimal generation of these cells occurs under conditions similar to those favoring the primary induction of DTH. Furthermore, the in vitro generated cells are also able to produce a systemic state of DTH when injected i.v.; a DTH reaction is elicited in recipient mice when antigen alone is injected into their footpads. The observations reported here demonstrate that a humorally immune population of spleen cells, known to contain T cells able to suppress the induction of DTH, can under appropriate conditions give rise to cells expressing this subclass of cell-mediated immunity. The decision by the immune system to mount a humoral as opposed to a cell-mediated response is therefore reversible. These findings provide grounds for believing that it should be possible to develop the means to switch an on-going in vivo humoral response to a cell mediated one, a maneuver that would be of considerable benefit in some well recognized clinical situations. PMID- 3497044 TI - In vivo generation and function of B cells in the presence of a monoclonal anti IgM antibody: implications for B cell tolerance. AB - C57BL/6 mice were chronically treated with milligram doses of the noncytotoxic monoclonal anti-mu b antibody MB86 (IgG1, kappa) from birth or from fetal life. The spleens of the manipulated animals contained large numbers (25% as compared to control mice) of B lineage cells which expressed IgMb on the surface after overnight incubation in vitro. The spleens also contained B cells whose surface IgM was unreactive with antibody MB86. A few such cells were immortalized by cell fusion. They included cells secreting mu together with lambda 2 chains which apparently prevent recognition by antibody MB86, and a point mutant in the first constant domain of the mu chain, changing the b to the a allotype. Cells expressing MB86- surface IgM did not selectively expand under MB86 treatment over the first few months of life. Serum Ig levels in the manipulated mice were normal except for IgM which was undetectable in most instances. In some animals low levels of MB86- IgM molecules were produced. At 7 weeks of age, mice treated with MB86 from birth produced normal-size IgG anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) responses with the usual predominance of lambda 1 chain-bearing IgG1 antibodies. At the age of 5-6 months, and also in young mice treated with MB86 from fetal life, the responses were variable and presumably oligoclonal, with a tendency towards the production of antibodies with gamma 3 heavy and lambda 2 or lambda 3 light chains. We interpret these results to mean that B cells hit by antibody MB86 from the time of their generation become unresponsive to T cell dependent stimulation, but are still able to expand. Occasionally, they escape functional suppression through class switching (to IgG3) upon mitogenic stimulation. At birth, C57BL/6 mice contain a mature B cell population which mediates normal immune responses under MB86 treatment and eventually dies out. Taken as a model of tolerance induction in B cells, the data provide evidence for "tolerant" cells and support the concept of an early phase of sensitivity to tolerance induction in B cell differentiation. The anti-NP response under MB86 treatment differed profoundly from control responses in idiotypic terms, but became normal as the animals recovered from suppression. This may reflect blockade by MB86 of idiotypic selection within the B cell population. PMID- 3497045 TI - Searching for MHC-restricted anti-viral antibodies: antibodies recognizing the nucleoprotein of influenza virus dominate the serological response of C57BL/6 mice to syngeneic influenza-infected cells. AB - An attempt has been made to generate monoclonal antibodies which recognize the same target structures on influenza-infected cells as those seen by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) receptors. Such antibodies, if they mimicked the T cell receptor specificity, would be expected to be both virus specific and restricted in their binding by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Approximately 200 hybridomas from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice primed and boosted with influenza virus (X 31)-infected EL4 (a C57BL/6 T cell lymphoma) were screened for reactivity on infected and uninfected cells of different MHC haplotypes. Of the 10 hybridoma antibodies which were identified as being reactive with X-31-infected EL4, but not uninfected EL4, all reacted equally well with X-31-infected cells of H-2b, H 2d and H-2k haplotypes, indicating a lack of MHC restriction in their recognition of the infected cells. Unexpectedly, 7 of the 10 monoclonal antibodies were found to react specifically with the purified influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), a predominant viral antigen in CTL recognition of infected cells. Fluorescence activated flow cytometry confirmed that these antibodies were able to recognize NP serological determinants on the surface of viable, infected cells, but the anti-NP antibodies were unable to block the lytic activity of an NP-specific CTL clone. PMID- 3497046 TI - [3H]desipramine labels with high affinity the neuronal transporter for adrenaline in the frog heart. AB - Desipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, inhibits the neuronal uptake of adrenaline and noradrenaline and, as a radioligand, labels the noradrenaline transporter in central and peripheral tissues of the rat. To study whether [3H]desipramine also labels the neuronal adrenaline transporter in vitro, its binding was evaluated in the frog heart, a tissue with a rich adrenergic innervation but virtually devoid of noradrenergic innervation. [3H]Desipramine binding to membranes from the frog heart was of high affinity (Kd = 1.94 nM) and was potently inhibited by nisoxetine and (+)oxaprotiline. Unexpectedly, [3H]desipramine binding to the transporter for adrenaline in the frog heart was also sensitive to inhibition by imipramine and the atypical antidepressants mianserin and iprindol. This is the first study to demonstrate radioligand binding to the neuronal transporter for adrenaline. The results indicate that the pharmacological profile of the transporter for adrenaline may be different from that of the noradrenergic transporter, if species differences can be excluded. It remains to be established if the affinity of imipramine, mianserin and iprindol for the adrenaline transporter contributes to their therapeutic efficacy in depression. PMID- 3497047 TI - [Comparison of lymphocyte subpopulations in arterial and venous blood of the rat]. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulation as well as other hematological properties were compared between arterial and venous bloods of Wistar-Imamichi rats. Lymphocyte subsets were defined with four monoclonal antibodies which were specific to the respective cell surface glycoproteins. Using these monoclonal antibodies, subsets of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and suppressor and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the peripheral lymphocytes were identified. The blood samples were taken from aorta abdominalis and venae cava caudalis. The population of these subsets were enumerated by a laser flow-cytometry system. The result showed that there was no significant difference in hematological properties between the arterial and venous blood except in leukocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. The difference in leukocyte counts was thought to depend mainly on the fluctuation of the lymphocyte counts. However, no significant difference was recognized in the proportion of positive cells to each monoclonal antibody. It was concluded that the difference in leukocyte counts found between the arterial and venous bloods of the Wistar-Imamichi rat did not produce any effects on the proportion of the subpopulation in the peripheral lymphocytes, and the lymphocyte subpopulations in both arterial and venous bloods were substantially equivalent to each other. PMID- 3497048 TI - Haemophilus influenzae subtyping by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell polypeptides. AB - Strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients in N.E. Scotland between 1983 and 1986 have been subtyped by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole-cell polypeptides. Gels were stained with Coomassie blue and polypeptide profiles were analysed using the Dice coefficient of similarity. Type b strains were all closely related, the 19 strains analysed being grouped at a 90% similarity level into one large (13 strains) and one small (3 strains) cluster with 3 strains being ungrouped. Thirty-six non-typable, epidemiologically unrelated strains were subtyped; one pair of strains had indistinguishable polypeptide profiles. The polypeptide profiles of the remaining strains showed much heterogeneity, although groups of strains isolated from the same patient over short periods showed indistinguishable profiles. PMID- 3497049 TI - Sensitivity of murine multipotential stem cell colony (CFU-GEMM) growth to interleukin-3, erythropoietin, and hemin. AB - The in vitro growth of murine marrow-derived CFU-GEMM in response to partially purified preparations of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin was assessed in the presence of hemin. Although CFU-GEMM exhibited a near-absolute requirement for interleukin-3, some colony growth was observed in the absence of exogenous erythropoietin. Erythropoietin was nevertheless capable of further stimulating CFU-GEMM growth in the presence of optimal concentrations of interleukin-3 and hemin. Optimal concentrations of all three factors allowed at least a 60% reduction in the serum concentration without an effect on colony numbers or their detection efficiency. Furthermore, nearly half the colonies continued to grow without the addition of serum, suggesting that hemin supplementation, along with interleukin-3 and erythropoietin, may provide the basis for a relatively simple serum-free culture system for murine CFU-GEMM. PMID- 3497050 TI - Prostaglandin E acts at two levels to enhance colony formation in vitro by erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells. AB - The prostaglandin E (PGE) enhancement of erythroid colony formation by human bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E) is mediated by a T8+ subset of lymphocytes. Medium was conditioned by bone marrow and blood T-lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets (T8+, T8-, T4+, and T4- cells) in the absence or presence of PGE1 in order to determine if the cells could release a cell-free source of erythroid colony enhancing activity and what the conditions for this release would be. The T-lymphocyte conditioned medium was assayed for its effects on erythroid colony formation by nonadherent low-density T-lymphocyte depleted (NALT ) bone marrow cells plated in the presence of erythropoietin, hemin, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned medium, or medium conditioned by 5637 cells, in the absence or presence of PGE1 and in the presence or absence of serum. PGE1 induced the release of an erythroid colony enhancing activity from the T8+ and T4-, but not from the T8- and T4+ subsets of lymphocytes, but this cell-free source of activity was only apparent if it was tested for colony formation in the presence of added PGE1. The release and action of the PGE1 induced T-lymphocyte erythroid enhancing activity did not require the presence of serum. Erythroid colony formation by NALT- bone marrow cells was not enhanced by PGE1 alone, by medium conditioned by T-lymphocytes in the absence of PGE1, or by PGE1 plus medium conditioned by T-lymphocytes in the absence of PGE1. The results suggest that the PGE1 enhancement of erythroid colony formation occurs by an apparently synergistic action on non-T-lymphocytes by PGE1 itself and by a factor or factors released from T8+ lymphocytes in response to PGE1. PMID- 3497051 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of Haemophilus influenzae by alveolar macrophages: no difference between smokers and non-smokers. AB - The susceptibility of smokers to pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae may result from impairment of phagocytic or bactericidal function of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM). We compared ingestion and killing of non-typable H. influenzae and H. influenzae type B by alveolar macrophages from asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers. Three times as many cells were recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage of smokers. Non-typable H. influenzae (NTHI) were phagocytosed and killed readily by PAM from both groups of subjects, while H. influenzae type B were resistant to phagocytosis. No difference in uptake of bacteria was detected between PAM of smokers and non-smokers. PAM from smokers had a slightly greater bactericidal activity than PAM from non-smokers. These results suggest that other host factors, such as impaired tracheobronchial clearance or the presence of conditions that favor bacterial growth rather than damage to alveolar macrophages, are responsible for the susceptibility of smokers to Haemophilus infections. PMID- 3497053 TI - Electrically stimulated bone healing--morphologic study in rabbits. PMID- 3497052 TI - Responses of cat preoptic neurons to stimulation of the medial frontal cortex and the medial basal hypothalamus. AB - Responses of single preoptic neurons to electrical stimulation of the medial frontal cortex, the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were recorded in anaesthetised cats. Single pulse stimulation of the medial frontal cortex orthodromically drove 96 otherwise quiescent preoptic neurons, which were found more frequently in the dorsal preoptic region, inhibited 53% of the spontaneously active preoptic neurons and excited 16%. Testing of cortically influenced preoptic neurons with MBH or MFB stimulation resulted in antidromic invasion of 6% (MBH) and 9% (MFB). Convergence of orthodromic inputs from medial frontal cortex and MBH was detected in 78% of spontaneously active preoptic neurons, and three-way convergence including input from MFB was noted in 17% of neurons tested with all stimulators. Some cortex-response neurons were found to also respond to vaginal or anal probing, paw squeezing and haemorrhage. The role of this input to the preoptic region from medial frontal cortex remains to be elucidated, but may include neuroendocrine, behavioural and homeostatic functions. PMID- 3497055 TI - [Mechanism of the protective action of cobamamide and leucovorin on hematopoiesis in acute blood loss]. AB - Leucovorin and cobamamide administered alone and in combination potentiate the proliferative activity of the erythroid and myeloid cells of the bone marrow. There is lack in mutual potentiation of the drugs. PMID- 3497054 TI - Sequential changes in antibody levels to the env and gag antigens in human immunodeficiency virus infected subjects. AB - Sera from 51 HTLV-III (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)-antibody positive subjects consisting of 21 asymptomatic individuals and 15 ARC and 15 AIDS patients were analyzed for their serological profiles toward the viral antigens. One of the asymptomatic subjects only showed a p24 reactivity in the immunoblot, but antibodies to the env antigens were clearly identified by immunoprecipitation of viral antigens (RIP) followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RIP patterns of different subjects and even different bleeds from the same subjects showed a varying reactivity to the gag antigens whereas the reactivity towards the env antigens appeared to be generally stable. RIP analysis of sequential sera of virus-infected individuals indicated a pattern consistent with an initial steady rise of antibody reactivities to the gag antigens relative to the reactivities to the envelope antigens. These reactivities reached a plateau and then slowly declined. While all sera tested had antibodies to the envelope antigens gp160, gp120 and gp41, 86% of the asymptomatic subjects, 67% of the ARC patients and only 33% of the AIDS patients had antibodies to the gag proteins p24 and pr53gag. PMID- 3497056 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of pyrimidant]. AB - In experiments on rats with different models of pathology it was demonstrated that a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug pyrimidant exerts pronounced anti inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. In some cases its activity exceeds that of indomethacin, brufen, butadione, mefenamic acid, sodium salicylate. PMID- 3497057 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the alpha-amylase gene (ALP1) in the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the secretable alpha-amylase gene ALP1 from the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera has been determined. The ALP1 DNA hybridized to a polyadenylated RNA of 2.0 kilobases. A single open reading frame encodes a 494-amino acid protein which is highly homologous with alpha-amylase (Taka-amylase) of a fungus Aspergillus oryzae. PMID- 3497058 TI - A novel muramyl peptide derivative stimulates tumoricidal activity of macrophages and antibody production by B cells. AB - A novel analog of MDP, the 3'-iodo-4'-azido-L-phenylalanine methyl ester derivative of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, has been prepared. This compound is capable of activating macrophages to the tumoricidal state and increasing the specific immune response of B cells. It thus appears to exhibit similar biological activities to MDP. Moreover, this compound is of potential interest for receptor photolabelling studies. PMID- 3497059 TI - Effect of the antiprogestin RU486 on human ovarian steroidogenesis. AB - Previous studies in the authors' laboratory suggest that the antiprogestin RU486 may directly affect human ovarian progesterone production. The possibility that this compound could affect other steps in human ovarian steroidogenesis was examined by studying its effects on estrogen production in cultured human granulosa cells and on human ovarian aromatase (AR) and 17-hydroxylase (17-OH) activities in vitro. RU486 had no effect on media estradiol (E2) levels as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) over a 24-hour incubation period. Furthermore, no effect on ovarian AR activity occurred at concentrations of RU486 100 times substrate. However, a dose-dependent decrease in the activity of 17-OH was observed with increasing amounts of drug. RU486 decreased 17-OH activity by 12 and 29% below that of basal activity at concentrations equal to and ten times substrate. At 50- and 100-fold excess, RU486 further decreased 17-OH activity by 42 (P less than 0.01) and 48% (P less than 0.005). In conclusion, RU486 directly inhibits human ovarian 17-OH activity, but does not affect AR activity or E2 production in vitro. Clinically observed decreases in serum E2 levels may be due to inhibition of enzymatic steps proximal to E2 synthesis. These findings support the authors' previous observations suggesting that RU486 has a direct affect on human ovarian steroidogenesis. PMID- 3497060 TI - [Relation of vestibular responses of cat cortical neurons and the duration and direction of sinusoidal rotation]. PMID- 3497061 TI - [Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. 4. Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dried blood cortisol and its application to neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Cortisol in dried blood collected on filter paper has been developed. The ELISA method is very simple and rapid and has sensitivity, accuracy and precision. The detection limit of the ELISA is 10 ng/ml blood. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are 11.5-13.5% and 15.7-16.7, respectively. Using the ELISA for Cortisol and 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) previously reported, dried blood from normal newborns including premature infants (n = 1583) and 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21 OHD) patient (n = 9) were analyzed. 17-OHP, Cortisol and 17-OHP/Cortisol ratio of normal newborns are 12.5 +/- 7.5 ng/ml (1.0-140 ng/ml), 89.0 +/- 64.3 ng/ml (10 1580 ng/ml) and 0.16 +/- 0.08 (0.01-0.86), respectively. In 21-OHD patients, 17 OHP is 109-1361 ng/ml, Cortisol is 35.1-146.7 ng/ml and 17-OHP/cortisol ratio is 1.84-12.2. It made recall rate less to measure Cortisol in addition to 17-OHP and to take 17-OHP/Cortisol ratio. Therefore, additional measurement of Cortisol to the primary 17-OHP screening test is advantaged in differentiating the normal newborns from the 21-OHD patients. PMID- 3497062 TI - Human leukocyte antigen region involvement in the genetic predisposition to alopecia areata. AB - Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) of classes I and II were studied in 127 patients with alopecia areata (AA). The patients were subdivided into different groups depending on hair loss area, sex, pathogenesis, response to topical immune modulators (squaric acid dibutylester and diphencyprone) and age of onset of the disease. The frequencies of class I HLA markers (loci A, B, C) were not significantly different from the controls. However, among the class II antigens (loci DR, DQ), the frequency of DR5 was increased in both alopecia areata and alopecia universalis when compared with the control group. In particular, DR5 was strongly linked to the early-onset form. The highest DR5 frequency (62%) was found in the group of patients which presented both the early onset and the most severe form of the disease (p less than 0.01; RR = 3.14). A decrease of the HLA B8 phenotype frequency was found in the alopecia areata group versus the alopecia universalis one. No significant deviation was found between the female patients and the control group. However, an increase of CW3 and a decrease of DR1 was seen in the males. In the group including 'combined', 'prehypertensive', 'atopic' alopecia of Ikeda's classification the frequency of HLA-A28 and DR5 was increased and that of DR1 was decreased in comparison with the 'common' type of alopecia and the controls. It was not possible to find any relationship between these genetic markers and the response to topical immune modulators. PMID- 3497063 TI - Synergistic action of recombinant-derived murine interleukin-1 on the augmentation of colony stimulating activity on murine granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. AB - This communication reports studies that were designed to investigate the role of recombinant-derived murine interleukin-1 on granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor stem cells in vitro. Interleukin-1 (IL-1, 5-25 units/ml culture) in a dose-dependent fashion, stimulated CFU-GM with a maximum effect at 25 units (147.3 +/- 6.4 colonies/10(5) nonadherent-derived marrow cells). At a higher concentration (50 units/ml) this stimulation was significantly reduced. IL-1, in combination with various types of conditioned media: pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen cell, mouse lung and WEHI-3 cell, as a source of colony-stimulating activity (CSA), produced more CFU-GM when compared to controls (conditioned media alone). Furthermore, when assayed for their esterase activity, IL-1 increased both types of nonspecific and specific esterase content in CFU-GM colonies. Also, the actual ratio between neutrophilic and monocyte/macrophage colonies was reduced when compared to cultures stimulated in the presence of CSA, indicating that IL-1 increased myeloid differentiation. In the presence of indomethacin, an effective inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis (1 microgram/ml), greater numbers of CFU-GM were present with IL-1 and/or CSA than without indomethacin. Cultures with anti-CSA demonstrated a reduced number of CFU-GM when plated in the presence of CSA but not with IL-1, demonstrating the specificity of IL-1 to stimulate CFU GM in the presence of anti-CSA antibody. These results indicate a role for IL-1 in modulating granulopoiesis in vitro. PMID- 3497064 TI - Large scale chromatographic purification of alpha 1-antitrypsin from human plasma supernatant II + III. AB - We describe a large-scale chromatographic method to purify alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) from human plasma supernatant II + III. Supernatant II + III was injected onto DEAE sepharose CL 6B to get an albumin-rich fraction as well as a fraction that contained about 45% AAT. This intermediate purity AAT fraction was further purified by size-exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The product was heated in solution at 60 degrees C for 10 hours in the presence of a stabilizer to lower the risk of transmission of viral diseases. Purity of the AAT concentrate is over 85%; clinical testing of its safety and efficacy in the treatment of PiZ patients is underway. PMID- 3497065 TI - [Analysis of factors related to early mortality in digestive hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension]. AB - In order to determine immediate criteria of prognosis for patients with portal hypertension hospitalized for digestive hemorrhage, in an intensive care unit, 18 variables were recorded during the 24 hours following admission in 65 patients. Data related to death were age, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, shock, active hemorrhage, acute pneumonia, decrease in prothrombin time, use of esophageal balloon tamponade, use of mechanical ventilation, number of red blood cell units transfused. Discriminant analysis yielded a linear combination of 4 variables which best separated survivors from non survivors with the following equation: F = 0.330 X hepatic encephalopathy + 0.433 X shock + 0.226 X active hemorrhage + 0.0097 X age - 0.396. The threshold decision of the hemorrhage prognosis index (HPI) was F = 0.57; 80 p 100 of all patients were correctly classified. In order to be validated, HPI was compared with a general (SAPS) and specific (Pugh's classification) scoring system, in a prospective study of 57 episodes of digestive hemorrhage. In this study, sensitivity was better with HPI than with SAPS (0.70 versus 0.45), specificity was higher with HPI than with Pugh's classification (0.86 versus 0.70). Percentage of correctly classified patients was higher using HPI (81 p. 100) than SAPS (77 p. 100) and Pugh's classification (68 p. 100). We suggest that the HPI, determined with 4 easily defined and recorded variables should be used prospectively to compare efficacy of different treatments. PMID- 3497066 TI - [Splenogastrorenal shunt in portal hypertension: a little known entity. Study of 6 cases and review of the literature]. AB - The authors report 6 cases of portal hypertension with gastrorenal shunt. This shunt did not arise from the left gastric vein, but from the splenic vein. Portal hypertension was related to alcoholic cirrhosis in 3 cases, to extensive portal thrombosis in 2 cases, and to nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in one case. A gastrointestinal hemorrhage revealed portal hypertension and the liver disease in the 3 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis and complicated the course of the disease in the other cases. Hemorrhage was either massive and life threatening or often recurred. It was related to a rupture of fundic varices in all cases. The fundic varices were not associated with esophageal varices in the 3 cases of cirrhosis. The degree of portal hypertension was above 20 mm Hg, as assessed by the portohepatic gradient (one case), or the pressure gradient between a tributary portal system vein and the inferior vena cava during laparotomy (5 cases). Definitive control of hemorrhage could not be achieved by endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (2 cases) or percutaneous transhepatic embolization (one case). Portacaval shunt or splenectomy was performed in 5 cases. These findings suggest that spontaneous splenogastrorenal shunt is a clinical and hemodynamic entity which requires specific treatment when associated with gastric variceal bleeding. PMID- 3497067 TI - [Acute benign hepatitis caused by pirprofen]. PMID- 3497068 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage disclosing systemic elastorrhexia]. PMID- 3497069 TI - Role of neutrophils in hemorrhagic shock-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat. AB - Gastric mucosal clearance of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (51Cr-RBC) was measured in rats during a 30-min control period, a 30-min ischemic period (hemorrhage to 27 mmHg arterial pressure), and a 60-min reperfusion period (reinfusion of shed blood). In untreated (control) rats, a dramatic rise in the leakage of 51Cr labeled red blood cells into the gastric lumen was observed during the reperfusion period. Treatment with neutrophil antiserum attenuated 51Cr-labeled red blood cell flux into the gastric lumen. Using the radioactive microsphere technique, neutrophil-depleted animals were shown to have higher blood flows in the ischemic period than the untreated rats. Bleeding of untreated rats to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg resulted in blood flows that were not different from those in antiserum-treated rats bled to 27 mmHg and leakage of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells similar to that measured in antiserum-treated rats. The results of this study indicate that neutrophils play an important role in hemorrhagic shock induced gastric bleeding. PMID- 3497070 TI - Specific antibody synthesis and biliary secretion by the rat liver after intestinal immunization with cholera toxin. AB - This study was designed to investigate the location, specificity, and significance of antibody-containing cells in the liver. After intestinal administration of cholera toxin, high numbers of specific antibody-containing cells appeared in the liver during the early priming period and after boosting. In contrast, a significant number of specific antibody-containing cells appeared in the lamina propria of the intestine only after boosting. In the liver, the specific antibody-containing cells were predominantly located in the sinusoidal region of zone 1 of the liver lobules. About 80% of the specific antibody producing cells in the liver synthesized anticholera toxin antibody of the immunoglobulin A class. During the priming period, the concentration of immunoglobulin A anticholera toxin in bile paralleled the increase and decrease in the number of specific antibody-containing cells in the liver. Liver perfusion experiments indicated that during the priming period at least 70% of the biliary immunoglobulin A anticholera toxin antibody was synthesized within the liver, whereas 30% was synthesized in the liver after boosting. Thus, during the early immune response, the liver seems to be the major source for specific biliary antibody to intestinally administered cholera toxin. PMID- 3497072 TI - The liver and intestinal immunoglobulin A: up from the "minors"? PMID- 3497071 TI - Different response to epidermal growth factor of hepatocytes in cultures isolated from male or female rat liver. Inhibitor effect of estrogen on binding and mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from the livers of male and female rats has been compared in monolayer culture. Plating efficiency, DNA and protein content, viability, and morphologic appearance were the same in cultures prepared with hepatocytes isolated from male or female rats. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced DNA synthesis was significantly higher in hepatocytes from male rats than in hepatocytes from female rats. This was the case whether hepatocytes were isolated from normal or partially hepatectomized male or female rats. Hepatocytes isolated from regenerating liver synthesize more DNA than those isolated from normal liver in response to EGF. This increased response to EGF in hepatocytes derived from regenerating liver was relatively the same for male- and female-derived hepatocytes, but the magnitude of the response was considerably higher in male-derived hepatocytes. In contrast, in vivo DNA synthesis in the liver remnant after partial hepatectomy was similar in male and female rats if measured 24 h after the operation. A comparison of EGF binding to male- and female-derived hepatocytes maintained in primary culture indicated a lower number of high-affinity receptors for EGF in the female hepatocytes. The addition of estrogen to primary cultures of hepatocytes isolated from male rats inhibited EGF binding as well as EGF-induced DNA synthesis. Our studies show significant differences in DNA synthesis in response to EGF when male and female hepatocytes are compared in primary culture. The regenerative response after partial hepatectomy, on the other hand, was the same in male and female rats. Thus, our studies indicate that the sex of the donor, rat is important when hepatocytes in culture are used for a variety of studies, such as hepatocyte metabolism, induction and control of DNA synthesis, and hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, our results indicate that caution is advised when inferences are made from in vitro findings for in vivo conditions. PMID- 3497073 TI - [Effect of chemical modification of ristomycin A on the platelet aggregation of healthy subjects and Willebrand disease patients]. PMID- 3497074 TI - Postpartum depression. AB - Though postpartum depression has been observed for years, research into it has increased recently, especially in England. Distinguishing the rarer, severe puerperal psychosis from milder, more frequent "maternity blues" has provided a clearer framework for new research. Hormonal changes, biogenic amines, stress, and lack of social support have been proposed as explanations for postpartum depression, but the etiology is still not clear. Hormones, tranquilizers, and antidepressants are some modern therapeutic measures employed, whereas electroconvulsive shock therapy was once the most frequent therapy. Fortunately, the mortality rate for childbirth-related psychiatric illness is low. PMID- 3497075 TI - Granulopoiesis in aged people: inverse correlation between bone marrow cellularity and myeloid progenitor cell numbers. AB - Results of a study on bone marrow (BM) cytology and cellularity, BM granulocytic macrophage colony formation (GM-CFU-C), peripheral blood (PB) colony stimulating factor (CSF) and serum lysozyme activity in 20 elderly people aged from 64 to 89 are presented. Besides slight iron deficiency anemia, no hematological abnormality was detected. No change in PB and BM differential counts was found as compared to those obtained for normal adults. The BM cellularity and colony incidence were assessed using aliquots of the same specimen. GM-CFU-C frequency ranged from 15 to 156 (average 67.5) per 2 X 10(5) BM cells seeded. The largest number of colonies was observed in hypocellular BM samples (p less than 0.002). The level of serum lysozyme activity for the entire group was significantly higher than that obtained in healthy persons up to the age of 60 (p less than 0.001). The overall results support the notion that in old age, increased proliferation of committed granulopoietic stem cells in hypoplastic areas of the BM, assure normal numbers of mature blood cells in the periphery. PMID- 3497076 TI - Experimental study of the intra-ocular penetration of ketoconazole in rabbits. AB - We studied 11 healthy rabbits and 15 rabbits with experimentally induced Candida endophthalmitis. Using a microbiological procedure, ketoconazole levels were determined 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after its oral administration. Ketoconazole penetration was average in the aqueous humour, significant in tears and poor in the vitreous. Vitreous penetration was not detectable in healthy rabbits or in rabbits with chorioretinits exhibiting little or no vitreous reaction. Such penetration was only significant in rabbits exhibiting massive vitreous exudation; however, in such rabbits, penetration was not always observed (only in 2 out of 6 animals). Given these results, the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis in humans using ketoconazole would appear to be of questionable value. PMID- 3497077 TI - Further investigations on the significance of a plasma coagulation-accelerating factor in glomerular disease. AB - The prevalence of the coagulation acceleration factor (CAF) in patients with renal disease (predominantly glomerulonephritis) has been investigated. The relationship between the activated partial thromboplastin time, F.VIII:C/vWf, prekallikrein, plasminogen and the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis was also investigated. One hundred and seventeen patients were entered into the study on the basis of admission for renal biopsy. Thirteen percent of the patients showed evidence for CAF and 15% of patients were found to have reduced levels of plasma prekallikrein; however, no correlation was found between any of the variables measured and the type, activity or progression of glomerular disease in these patients. PMID- 3497078 TI - [Nontyphoid salmonella septicemia]. PMID- 3497079 TI - Ischaemic colitis in a patient treated with glypressin for bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - This paper reports a case of ischaemic colitis observed in a male patient with acute oesophageal variceal bleeding treated with Glypressin (triglycyl lysine vasopressin). The therapeutic effect of this substance depends on the lowering of the portal vein pressure brought about by a vasoconstriction of the vessels of the splanchnic region. The undesired complication of ischaemic colitis occurred as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the colonic mucosa. PMID- 3497081 TI - [A study on the augmentation of experimental tumor metastasis in mice with granulocytosis]. AB - When a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, BMT-11, and its eight clones were transplanted subcutaneously into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, leukemoid reaction characterized by a progressive increase in peripheral white blood cells (WBC) and splenomegaly was observed as the tumors grew. The WBC count reached about 40-fold of normal level and more than 90% of them were found to be polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The increase in WBC was correlated with tumor size and its count decreased to normal level within 7 days after surgical excision of subcutaneous tumors. Moreover, a high level of colony-stimulating-factor was detected in the supernatant of BMT-11 culture. I have exploited such "granulocytosis-positive" mice to examine the influence of PMN on the metastatic colonization of tumor cells. The number of B16 melanoma lung colonies detected after intravenous (i.v.) injection was significantly higher in BMT-11 tumor bearing mice with granulocytosis than in control mice. Retention of 125IUdR labeled B16 cells 24 hr after the i.v. injection was 3 to 10 times greater in mice with granulocytosis than in controls. Either simultaneous injection, or preinjection of PMN with B16 cells, increased the lung-colonizing capacity of B16 melanoma cells. These results suggest that abnormally increased numbers of PMN in the peripheral blood can enhance the ability of tumor cells to metastasize. PMID- 3497080 TI - [Thirty-five cases of tuberculosis in childhood]. AB - Thirty five children with tuberculosis admitted to the Hokkaido University Hospital from 1970 through 1984 wer reviewed. They were 7 cases of meningeal tuberculosis, 8 of military tuberculosis, 15 of primary tuberculosis and 5 of adult type pulmonary tuberculosis. Fifteen (43%) of the 35 cases were below 2 years, and over half of these younger cases were hematogenous spread such as meningeal and military types. Instead of hematogenic spread in these cases, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP stayed in moderate values. Thirty one (91.2%) of the 34 cases having precise record had no history of BCG inoculation. Over half of the cases were infected from adults in the immediate household, and the sources of infection were found after the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in about half of these cases. Although incidence of the childhood tuberculosis are decreasing in recent years, childhood tuberculosis resulting hematogenous spread with poor prognosis in advanced state still exists, so it is important to remark the childhood tuberculosis at out patient clinics. PMID- 3497082 TI - [A possible role of T cell subsets causing anemia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]. AB - The influences of T cell subsets on erythropoiesis were studied in ten SLE patients with anemia of unknown etiology. In these SLE patients CFU-E growth from bone marrow mononuclear cells was significantly decreased compared with normal controls. However, an increase in CFU-E growth was resulted by the depletion of T cells or cytotoxic/suppressor T cells from bone marrow mononuclear cells with treatment of OKT3 or OKT8 monoclonal antibody in three out of the ten patients. Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells inhibited CFU-E growth by co culture methods in three out of the ten patients. The inhibition of CFU-E growth was diminished by the depletion of OKT8+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in one out of the three patients. After the corticosteroid therapy, in two patients, the suppression of CFU-E growth by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly reduced in accord with recovery of anemia. It is assumed that T cells with inhibitory action to CFU-E growth belonging to OKT8+ subsets are present in some SLE patients with anemia and may play a pathogenetic role in the development of anemia. PMID- 3497083 TI - Effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on blood flow in portal hypertension. PMID- 3497084 TI - Malignant lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. AB - Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands, lung and thyroid are grouped together as tumours arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The great majority of them are of B-cell origin but distinctive T-cell lymphomas are also recognized in the gastrointestinal tract. These lymphomas tend to remain localized for prolonged periods but, whereas the B-cell group respond favourably to local therapy, the T-cell group are associated with severe morbidity and their overall prognosis is extremely poor. Accepted histological classifications of non Hodgkin's lymphomas are difficult to apply to these tumours. In this paper their morphological features are reviewed; recent findings based on immunohistochemistry and DNA analysis are presented; and the biological behaviour of these tumours is discussed insofar as they offer insight into mucosal immunological mechanisms. PMID- 3497085 TI - Atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study and a discussion of its histogenesis. AB - The morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 37 atypical fibroxanthomas of the skin were examined. Twenty-four tumours were nodular ulcerative lesions on the head and face of patients with a median age of 75 years, whereas 13 tumours occurred on the trunk and limbs of patients with a median age of 48 years. Both pleomorphic polygonal and giant cells as well as the spindle cell component of the tumours stained for the histiocytic markers alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, lysozyme and, less frequently, for ferritin. Leu M1 antigen and peanut agglutinin receptors were not demonstrable in tumour cells. This antigenic profile was contrasted with the findings in six cases of dermatofibroma which were largely not reactive with the antisera used. The immunohistochemical findings in atypical fibroxanthomas suggest that they represent a homogeneous group of tumours which are related to tissue histiocytes. These results are discussed in the context of the published findings in other so called fibrohistiocytic tumours including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The diagnoses in three cases coded as atypical fibroxanthomas were revised on the basis of their showing a different immunohistochemical profile. PMID- 3497086 TI - Growth of large chromosomally abnormal T cell clones in ataxia telangiectasia patients is associated with translocation at 14q11. A model for other T cell neoplasia. AB - Human T cell malignancies often show chromosome breaks at 14q11, within the alpha chain locus of the human T cell antigen receptor, with translocation of the distal portion of 14 to one of several sites. In patients with ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) the majority of T cell chromosome translocations associated with this disorder appear to occur at the sites of the T cell antigen receptor genes 7p14, 7q35, and 14q11 and may result in clone formation. In three large proliferating A-T T cell clones we have observed (including one which became malignant) and in most T cell tumours reported, the clonal chromosome exchange involves one breakpoint at 14q11 with the second breakpoint occurring in a gene not involved in the immunoglobulin supergene family. Our observations on A-T patients confirm the suggestion that chromosome exchanges involving either t(7;14)(p14;q11), t(7;14)(q35;q11), inv(7)(p14q35), or t(7;7)(p14;q35) confer only a small proliferative advantage on T cells in vivo without the capacity for malignant transformation and that the potential for malignant change is not a feature of all these rearrangements, but is restricted to cells or clones with other chromosome exchanges. PMID- 3497087 TI - Development and evaluation of scheme for serotyping Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Antibodies to Gardnerella vaginalis were raised in rabbits. Nine antisera that reacted with their immunising strains, but not with the remaining eight strains, were used to develop a serotyping scheme. A dot blotting technique was used, and complexes of antigen and antibody were visualised using anti-rabbit immunoglobulin linked to alkaline phosphatase. Of 91 clinical isolates used to evaluate the scheme, 79 (87%) were typable and 52 (57%) reacted with only a single antiserum. The antigens expressed were stable during growth on different media and on subculture. The specificity of the antibody was shown to be directed against different immunodominant proteins and possibly a carbohydrate. PMID- 3497089 TI - The induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses with H-2 antigens shed from viable lymphocytes. AB - Supernatant derived from the incubation of normal, unstimulated spleen cells was able to stimulate a strong specific in vitro cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) response in allogeneic spleen cells primed with the corresponding haplotype. The supernatant antigen (SA) was as efficient in inducing secondary CTLs as equivalent numbers of irradiated, adherent cell-depleted spleen cell stimulators present during the culture period, and the CTL stimulation with both was dependent on the presence of responder splenic adherent cells. SA obtained from P815 tumour cells was unable to stimulate a similar response under the same conditions. The stimulating fraction of the SA showed the characteristics of lipid-associated major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens shed from viable lymphocytes, in that it was removed with specific H-2 antiserum, it was sedimented at 100,000 g and its activity was reduced if spleen cells were incubated at 4 degrees instead of 37 degrees. These results indicate a possible role for the shedding of MHC antigens in the general induction of a cytotoxic response. PMID- 3497088 TI - Variable effects of dengue virus-induced cytotoxic factors on different subpopulations of macrophages. AB - Dengue virus (DV) induces T lymphocytes of the spleen to produce a cytotoxic factor (CF) that induces a subpopulation of macrophages (M phi) to produce a soluble cytotoxin (CF2). Both these factors kill normal lymphoid cells and M phi. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of these factors on the I-A-positive and I-A-negative subpopulations of mouse peritoneal M phi. It was observed that CF kills I-A-negative M phi and induces I-A-positive M phi to produce the CF2 that kills both types of cells. However, even when combined together, CF and CF2 do not kill 100% of the M phi. The two-step mechanism involving co-operation between T cells and M phi appears to be biologically economical for maintaining the cytotoxic pathway. PMID- 3497090 TI - An IgM-producing immunocytoma induces large numbers of splenic T lymphocytes with Fc mu receptors. AB - The expression of Fc mu receptors was investigated using spleen cells from (LOU/M/Wsl X CFY) F1 rats bearing the IR202 tumour, an IgM-producing immunocytoma. It was found that the progressively growing solid tumour was accompanied by an extraordinary expansion of host splenocytes with Fc mu receptors. These cells were nylon-wool non-adherent, Thy-1-positive and sIg negative: features they have in common with T lymphocytes. In addition, the expansion of Fc mu receptor-bearing T cells in IR202 immunocytoma is correlated to the high level of serum IgM. These observations provide further insight into the mechanism of isotype-specific T-lymphocyte Fc receptor expression, and identify a potential model with which to analyse the immunoregulatory role of Fc mu receptor-bearing T cells. PMID- 3497091 TI - Antigenicity and uveitogenicity of partially purified peptides of a retinal autoantigen, S-antigen. AB - S-antigen, a potent retinal autoantigen involved in human inflammatory eye disease, has been chemically digested with cyanogen bromide to generate various peptide fragments. Cleavage of bovine S-antigen at methionyl residues generates seven major polypeptide fragments of apparent molecular weight 26,000, 22,000, 19,000, 18,000, 12,500, 8000 and 3000, respectively. Immunoblotting following SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis either with monoclonal antibodies known to be directed to two separate antigenic determinants on S-antigen or with various polyclonal antisera identified two peptide fragments of 26,000 and 18,000 MW. The extreme insolubility of the larger peptide fragments in aqueous or organic buffers makes the purification of the polypeptides by biochemical procedures difficult. However partial purification of the remaining soluble peptides by gel filtration in urea containing buffers made it possible to ascertain that the 18,000 MW peptide is an important constituent that carries a uveitogenic determinant of this autoantigen. PMID- 3497093 TI - Variant sublines of the human B-lymphoma cells Namalwa are at different stages of differentiation. AB - Variant sublines of the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Namalwa, previously shown to differ in MHC class II antigen and immunoglobulin expression, have been tested with monoclonal antibodies defining B-cell specific clusters of differentiation (CD). The Namalwa sublines express antigens recognized by the CD antibodies in patterns that indicate that the cells are arrested at different stages of differentiation. PMID- 3497092 TI - Autoantibodies to purified nuclear proteins related to DNA metabolism during ageing and in SLE patients. AB - In this study the specificity of circulating autoantibodies in ANA+ aged donors, ANA- donors and SLE patients was investigated by immunoblotting on total nuclear proteins and by ELISA on purified nuclear proteins, possibly related to DNA metabolism, such as DNA polymerase alpha, DNA-dependent ATPase, DNA Topoisomerase I, ssDBP, hnRNP, HMG and histones. Immunoblotting showed that sera from ANA+ aged donors present fewer antibodies to nuclear proteins, especially to those between 21,000 and 45,000, molecular weight (MW), than sera from SLE patients. When the specificity of antisera was further studied on purified nuclear proteins, it was found that the majority of sera from SLE patients react with most of the proteins tested, whereas sera from ANA+ aged donors mainly react with DNA polymerase alpha, DNA-dependent ATPase, DNA Topoisomerase I and histones. In addition, sera from a few ANA- donors also reacted with certain purified nuclear proteins in a statistically significant age-related manner. PMID- 3497094 TI - [Heterogenicity of T-cell cutaneous lymphomas: pleomorphic lymphoma of intermediate phenotype between the thymic and post-thymic stages. Study of 2 cases]. PMID- 3497095 TI - Interleukin 2 induces appearance of LGL/Leu11+/K562 lytic cells in Leu11- low density peripheral blood mononuclear cell population. AB - Low density Percoll fraction cells cultured with interleukin 2 (IL-2) showed a higher proportion of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and higher K562 cytolytic activity, as compared to a culture lacking IL-2. Furthermore, in a negatively selected Leu11- population, derived from low density cells, cultured for 7 days in medium supplemented with lymphocyte (L) or recombinant (R) IL-2, there appeared LGL and Leu11+ cells. Moreover, some level of K562 lytic activity and higher proportion of DR+ and Tac+ cells was found as compared to lacking IL-2 culture. Cytofluorograph analysis of cells labelled with propidium iodide revealed that a proportion of the low density Leu11- starting cell population entered the growth cycle while cultured with IL-2. In addition was found that Leu11+ cells evolve during culture with IL-2 into population lacking in part this phenotype marker. The present work shows that precursors of K562 cytolytic cells lacking Leu11 antigen reside in low density cell fraction, and that they may differentiate in LGL/Leu11+ cells. PMID- 3497096 TI - Tolerogenic polyethylene glycol derivatives of xenogeneic monoclonal immunoglobulins. AB - It is becoming apparent that the effectiveness of xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies (XIg), which are increasingly used for diverse therapeutic purposes in man, may be counteracted by their inherent immunogenicity. Since conjugates of proteins with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) have proved to be effective tolerogens in other systems, we have used an experimental model in mice to explore the tolerogenicity of mPEG conjugates of a human monoclonal IgG (HIgG), i.e. a myeloma protein. Administration of these conjugates prior to immunization with heat aggregated HIgG (ha-HIgG) resulted in specific tolerance, as manifested by a marked reduction in the level of antibodies to HIgG, which was related to the degree of conjugation and the dose of conjugate administered. Thus, administration of HIgG(mPEG)20 6 to 43 days prior to immunization with ha-HIgG resulted in an inhibition of anti-HIgG antibody formation of the order of 85-90%, in relation to the titres of mice receiving PBS in lieu of HIgG(mPEG)20; these results hold the promise that mPEG conjugates of XIg may prove therapeutically useful in man in relation to organ transplantation, localization of tumours by immuno-imaging and tumour destruction by immunotoxins. PMID- 3497097 TI - Early transmembrane events in tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. AB - We have studied early transmembrane events in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT)-induced cytotoxicity by means of stopped-flow fluorometry with 3 different fluorescent probes. Both TNF and LT caused an increase in the membrane fluidity of the target cells (L X P3 cells). After this event, there was a low level of calcium influx from the external medium into the target cells. On the other hand, the release of calcium from intracellular stores in the target cells was negligible. These sequential events, however, were not observed when mutant LT molecules which lacked the lytic activity were used. PMID- 3497099 TI - Deficiency of interleukin 2 inhibitor activity in serum from autoimmune-prone mice. AB - To study the mechanisms that regulate the activity of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and possibly limit its activity, we have examined normal mouse serum for their ability to inhibit IL 2-mediated proliferation of a cloned IL 2-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte line (CTLL). Normal mouse serum contains a factor capable of inhibiting IL 2 dependent proliferation of CTLL cells. This factor is absorbed with IL 2-dependent cells, but not with IL 2 molecules. Decreased activity of the inhibitor is observed in serum from autoimmune-prone mice such as NZB and NZBWF 1 hybrid mice. The results suggest that the serum IL 2 inhibitor may play an important role in the in vivo regulatory mechanism of IL 2 activity and that lack of the inhibitor may be associated with aberrant immune functions. PMID- 3497098 TI - Functional relationships between HLA-DR2-short/FJO, DB9, and AZH as defined by DR and DQ-restricted influenza-specific cloned T cells. PMID- 3497100 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in the rat. AB - Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in rats by immunization with bovine interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and studied by immunohistochemistry. In general, the IRBP induction of inflammatory cellular components and expression of immune-related antigens on various non-lymphoid cells resembled those provoked by S-antigen (S-Ag). However, differences were found between the two diseases, including: 1) The increase in T suppressor/cytotoxic cells occurred in IRBP EAU more rapidly than in S-Ag EAU. 2) Fewer numbers of non-lymphoid cells expressed major histocompatibility complex class II surface antigens in IRBP EAU than in S-Ag EAU. The immunopathogenic mechanism of EAU induced by these two retinal antigens are discussed. PMID- 3497102 TI - An epidemiological study of diabetes among sedentary office going population. PMID- 3497101 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: basic physiology, clinical presentation and management. PMID- 3497103 TI - Anthropometric profile of infants and children of slum dwellers. PMID- 3497104 TI - Dissociation of virulence and protection from infection by mutant analysis in Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 98,000 (98K) previously has been shown to react with antibodies that protect against experimental Hib disease. A mutant lacking the ability to synthesize this 98K protein was produced by chemical mutagenesis and identified in a colony blot-radioimmunoassay by its failure to react with a 98K protein-specific monoclonal antibody. DNA from this mutant was used to produce a 98K protein-negative transformant of the wild-type parental strain. Comparison of the relative degree of virulence of the parental strain and the 98K protein negative transformant in an animal model system revealed no differences in the abilities of these two strains to produce bacteremia after intranasal challenge. These results indicate that the Hib surface-exposed 98K outer membrane protein that reacts with protective antibodies plays no detectable role in the expression of virulence by Hib in an animal model system. PMID- 3497106 TI - [Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae in adults]. AB - Pneumonia counts as one of the most frequent severe Haemophilus influenzae infections to afflict adults. 60% of patients with pneumonia caused by type b H. influenzae are more than 50 years old, 30% to 40% are alcoholics, and 30% to 40% have chronic pulmonary disease or other concurrent illness. In the majority of cases there is multilobular, maculate, diffuse and usually bilateral involvement of the pulmonary tissue. The mortality rate due to type b H. influenzae pneumonia ranges between 30% and 40%. In patients with non-bacteriaemic pneumonia caused by non-encapsulated strains of H. influenzae it is rare for several lobes to be involved, there is little exudation and the mortality rate is low. H. influenzae is a significant pathogen in acute epiglottitis in adults and it also appears to play an important role in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and acute sinusitis. beta-lactamase production mediated by R-factors or plasmids of gram-negative bacteria is responsible for ampicillin resistance. In 1978 the overall rate of resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin in American hospitals amounted to 18%. H. influenzae are found in the nasopharynx of people exposed to others infected with H. influenzae. The risk of secondary infection in children who come into contact with patients infected with type b H. influenzae amounts to approximately 2.1%. Adults in close contact with children suffering from severe H. influenzae infections must be warned of the possible risks of secondary infection. PMID- 3497105 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae: epidemiologic problems of antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin]. AB - Haemophilus species usually occur on mucous membranes of both the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, in children mostly in the pharynx. In children and adults, Haemophilus influenzae has pathogenic properties. In 1973, the first ampicillin-resistant and beta-lactamase-producing strain was isolated. Since then, an increase in ampicillin resistance has been observed worldwide in different countries due, mostly, to beta-lactamase production. Thus, the latter should be examined on a systematic basis in all pathogenic strains. Prior to 1980, the incidence of ampicillin resistance was still below 100%. In the course of a joint French study, in which both the "Centre d'Etude des Haemofiles" and municipal hospitals and university clinics participated in 1985, 705 strains occurring in clinical infections have been isolated. 613 strains (86.9%) were susceptible to the antibiotics tested, in 92 strains (13%) resistance to one or several antibiotics was seen. Biotype I and serotype b constituted the major proportion of residual strains. Resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol was observed in 11.2%, 9%, 6.8%, and 3.4% of the strains respectively. 11 different phenotypes of resistance have been considered feasible for the resistant strains. With one exception, resistance to ampicillin was invariably due to beta-lactamase production. On account of the level of incidence of ampicillin-resistant strains it is recommended that ampicillin no longer be used in the treatment of systemic infections due to H. influenzae. PMID- 3497107 TI - [Infections of the lower respiratory tract in general practice]. AB - Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are found in 87% of all cases of exacerbated chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Complications of viral respiratory tract disease are most frequently caused by H. influenzae. Not only encapsulated forms of H. influenzae, but also non-encapsulated strains may be responsible for the onset of pneumonia and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults. The most common symptoms of infections with H. influenzae are cough, dyspnoea, increase in purulent sputum and wheezing. A quantitative sputum culture is recommended for diagnosing chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are always treated with antibiotics effective against H. influenzae and pneumococci. As a rule, empirical treatment should suffice in general practice. In the comparison between ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and cefaclor included in the study protocol appended to this report, the latter produced the most favourable results both in the empirical and specific forms of treatment. We would recommend cefaclor as the antibiotic of choice for this disease. PMID- 3497108 TI - [Acute sinusitis in adults]. AB - An average of 1.4% of the more than 30,000 participants in a treatment study were diagnosed as having acute sinusitis. 62% of all cases of sinusitis arose in patients aged between 15 and 44 years. Treatment with antibiotics is indicated in purulent sinusitis whilst non-purulent sinusitis is treated either with local or systemic antiphlogistic agents. The secondary bacterial infection is usually caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and anaerobic bacteria. In Scandinavia these probably account for 90% of the purulent sinusitis cases whilst Branhamella catarrhalis is responsible for the remaining 10%. Penicillin V is the agent of choice in acute sinusitis. Cefaclor is preferable in combatting H. influenzae. In a double blind study comparing doxycycline to cefaclor in the management of acute sinusitis (108 patients with cefaclor, 105 patients with doxycycline, no difference emerged between the two groups in the subjective assessment of the treatment results. Objective evaluation recorded excellent results for 88% and 83% of the patients in the cefaclor and doxycycline groups, respectively. Side-effects were noted by 7% of the cefaclor and by 13% of the doxycycline patients. The difference between the incidence of side-effects was not statistically significant. Taking into account the treatment results, the side-effects and ecological aspects, cefaclor is second only to penicillin as the agent of choice in suspected or confirmed purulent sinusitis (e. g. in presence of penicillin allergies or failure of the infection to respond to penicillin V). PMID- 3497109 TI - [Significance of Haemophilus influenzae and other microorganisms for the pathogenesis and therapy of chronic respiratory infection]. AB - The host's respiratory defence mechanisms are transformed to chronic inflammatory reactions by the persistence of microorganisms and hence inflict damage on the host's own tissues. This change primarily reduces the capability of the mucociliary defence mechanisms. Such impairment can result from modifications to the mucus's physical chemical properties after an infection, or from damage to the ciliary epithelium. Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae cause ciliary dyskinesia and eventually lead to the destruction of the ciliary epithelium. Encapsulated type b H. influenzae strains appear to slow down the cilia most markedly. There is a fundamental difference between acute and chronic infections. In the case of acute infections the patient's normal defence mechanisms are usually intact. In chronic infections the chronic inflammatory response to the microorganisms causes the disease to progress. In such cases treatment must be considerably more aggressive since the host's "cleansing" capability is diminished. Thus, antibiotics must be applied which can effectively penetrate the bronchial tree and which also remain stable and bioactive in the presence of beta-lactamase producing microorganisms such as H. influenzae. It is conceivable that, in the future, antibiotic therapy will have to be combined with antiphlogistic agents. PMID- 3497110 TI - Solvent related colour vision loss: an indicator of neural damage? AB - Previous studies have related colour vision loss to solvent exposure, raising the question as to its use as an indicator of solvent-related neurotoxic alterations. However, colour vision loss can likewise result from ocular damage. In the present study chromatic discrimination capacity and ocular integrity were examined among 23 workers of a paint manufacture plant exposed to solvent mixtures. Using industrial hygiene data, the workers were classified according to their exposure level: moderate (n = 13) and high (n = 10). Colour discrimination capacity was assessed using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue, a colour arrangement test, providing qualitative and quantitative data. Biomicroscopy, funduscopy and peripheral visual field tests were used to examine ocular integrity. The results showed a significantly higher prevalence (P less than 0.02) of chromatic discrimination loss among the highly exposed workers (80%), as compared to the moderately exposed (23.1%). Ocular examination revealed no apparent major damage, although slight posterior sub-capsular opacification, indicative of incipient cataract, and, diminished foveal reflex were observed among 1/3 of the workers. Lens opacification was related to age and exposure duration, but not to exposure level. Diminished foveal reflex was not related to either age, exposure duration or level. Neither observation was related to chromatic discrimination loss. These findings support the hypothesis that chromatic discrimination impairment, associated with solvent exposure, reflects neural, rather than ocular, damage. The authors propose that tests of acquired colour vision loss be included in field batteries to evaluate neurotoxic effects of solvent exposure. PMID- 3497111 TI - Whole-body vibration and disorders of the spine. AB - This cross-sectional study is based on interviews and medical examinations of 352 operators of earth-moving machines who had been exposed to whole-body vibrations for at least three years. In addition, available X-rays showing different parts of the spines of 251 machine operators who had been exposed to vibration for at least ten years were used for evaluation. One hundred and forty-nine of the operators were asked about discomfort occurring immediately after an eight-hour work shift. The group of exposed persons was compared with a control group of 215 non-exposed persons. The percentage of subjects reporting spinal discomfort was much higher for the exposed group than for the non-exposed group. 68.7% of the operators complained of spinal discomfort in the lumbar spine, 6.8% in the thoracic column and 18.2% in the cervical column. The discomfort reported immediately after an eight-hour exposure to whole-body vibration was highly age dependent. The epidemiological study resulted in an objective conformation of the spinal discomfort reported, 2/3 of which were related by the operators to the lumbar syndrome. Lumbar syndrome (81%) accounted for by far the highest number of spinal disorders. Examinations of the operators with at least ten years of exposure to whole-body vibrations showed that morphological changes in the lumbar spine occur earlier and much more frequently than in the case of non-exposed persons. Problems of etiology and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 3497112 TI - Combination tumor-immunotherapy with recombinant tumor necrosis factor and recombinant interleukin 2 in mice. AB - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (r-TNF) inhibits growth of various mouse tumor cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of established tumor nodules with intratumoral (i.t.) injection of r-TNF caused hemorrhagic necrosis of tumor and temporary disappearance of tumor mass. However, a small number of tumor cells remained and later formed fresh nodules. In striking contrast, combination therapy with r-TNF and recombinant human interleukin-2 (r-IL-2) resulted in a marked inhibition of regrowth of tumor cells. More than 60% of MBL 2-bearing mice were completely cured of tumor by treatment with r-TNF and r-IL-2. Cured mice could also reject rechallenged MBL-2 lymphoma cells, indicating the generation of anti-tumor effector cells in vivo. However, lymphocytes obtained from mice cured of MBL-2 showed no significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against MBL-2 lymphoma cells. In contrast, in vitro sensitization of spleen cells from cured mice with mitomycin-C-treated MBL-2 lymphoma cells resulted in the generation of cytotoxic cells against MBL-2 lymphoma cells. Moreover, spleen cells from mice cured of MBL-2 by treatment with r-TNF and r-IL-2 revealed a strong anti-tumor activity upon in vivo neutralization tests. These results strongly suggest that tumor-bearing mice can acquire systemic immunological memory after combination therapy with r-TNF and r-IL-2. PMID- 3497114 TI - Effect of in vivo administration of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene on interleukin 2 and interleukin-3 production. AB - B6C3F1 mice were exposed to the environmental carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene, a well known immunosuppressant. The ability of isolated splenocytes to produce and respond to the immunoregulatory molecules interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) was measured. Significant suppression by BaP of IL-2, but not IL-3, production following BaP exposure was observed. Further, exogenous recombinant IL 2 reconstituted the ability of splenocytes from benzo(a)pyrene treated mice to generate IgM antibody producing cells to the T-dependent antigens of sheep red blood cells. These results indicate that one of the cellular target(s) of BaP induced immunosuppression may be the mechanism(s) responsible for lymphokine production and regulation by activated T cells. PMID- 3497113 TI - Enhancement of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production by soluble glucan. AB - Soluble glucan, a beta-1,3-linked polyglucose, is a biologic response modifier effective in the therapy of experimental neoplasia, infectious diseases and immunosuppression. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are endogenous immunomodulators which are essential for effective immune responsiveness. In view of its broad spectrum of immunobiological activity, the ability of glucan to enhance the production of IL-1 and IL-2 was evaluated. Splenic IL-1 and IL-2 secretion as well as plasma IL-1 and IL-2 levels were determined in Sprague Dawley rats receiving glucan (100 mg/kg, i.p.) at intervals ranging from 12 days to 1 h prior to collection of splenocytes and plasma. Glucan (100 mg/kg) was also injected either s.c., i.p. or i.v. on days -4, -3 and -2 prior to harvesting splenocytes on day 0. Splenic macrophage IL-1 production was initially elevated 12 h following glucan injection and was maintained for a 5 day period. IL-2 secretion by splenic lymphocytes was enhanced 6 h post-glucan and remained elevated for an additional 9 days. Plasma IL-1 activity was elevated 12 h post injection, while IL-2 activity in plasma was enhanced at 1 h post-glucan. Peak IL 1 and IL-2 activity in plasma occurred 9 and 12 days, respectively, following glucan administration. With regard to route of administration, IV glucan was most effective in inducing lymphokine production. This study demonstrates that: (1) glucan will enhance IL-1 and IL-2 production and (2) elevations in lymphokine production can be maintained up to 12 days post-glucan. PMID- 3497115 TI - The immunosuppressive effect of acute doses of emetine on murine thymic cells. AB - Emetine--a general inhibitor of protein synthesis--was investigated for its ability to depress specific immune response in animal models. A single dose (33 mg/kg) of emetine administered subcutaneously to mice markedly decreased thymus weight and thymic cell numbers. DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of thymic cells were reduced by 90, 50 and 65%, respectively. RNA synthesis was the first process to recover followed by the reconstitution of DNA and protein synthesizing capacity. Histological evidence revealed an effect on the cortical region of thymus upon emetine administration. Results suggest that emetine exerts an immunosuppressive effect on T-cell maturation in the thymus. These findings may enhance a therapeutic interest in the drug. PMID- 3497116 TI - Effects of adriamycin, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) on the release of IL-2 and IL-1 in vitro. AB - Adriamycin (ADR), 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-OOHCYP) and the new cyclophosphamide derivative AZ 7557 (AZ) were tested for their effects on the release of the Interleukins IL-2 and IL-1 from rat spleen cells and peritoneal exudate macrophages respectively. ADR was found to enhance IL-2 release and less effectively IL-1 release. 4-OOHCYP and AZ were found to inhibit IL-2 release but had no effect on IL-1 production. It is suggested that the modulation of IL-2 levels by these drugs is unlikely to be mediated by their effects on IL-1. PMID- 3497117 TI - Increased release of interleukin-1 from mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro after cisplatin treatment. AB - The supernatants collected from cis-platin (2 micrograms, 5 micrograms, 10 micrograms, treated macrophage monolayers enhance the proliferation of thymocytes by a submitogenic concentration of con A (1 microgram/ml). The supernatants collected from the untreated macrophage monolayers show a gradual ten fold increase in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity during 30 min to 48 h incubation at 37 degrees C. Supernatants collected from macrophage monolayers treated with 2 micrograms/ml of cis-platin show only a marginal increase in IL-1 activity as compared to untreated monolayers. However, compared to controls, 30 to 40 fold increases in IL-1 activity were measured in supernatants collected from the macrophage monolayers incubated with 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/ml cis-platin at 37 degrees C. The IL-1 activity in supernatants collected from macrophage monolayers treated with cis platin and LPS are also compared. PMID- 3497118 TI - Prevalence of hypertension in bus drivers. AB - This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional study conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in 1500 black and white male bus drivers from a large urban transit system in the US. Data for this study were compiled from the files of an occupational health clinic which conducts biennial medical examinations for drivers' license renewal. To test whether prevalence of hypertension was higher among bus drivers than among employed individuals in general, drivers were compared to three groups: individuals from both a national and local health survey and individuals undergoing baseline health examinations prior to employment as bus drivers. After adjustment for age and race, hypertension rates for bus drivers were significantly greater than rates for each of the three comparison groups. These findings support previous results from international studies of bus drivers suggesting that exposure to the occupation of driving a bus may carry increased health risk. This research has expanded into an on-going study which has the goals of clarifying the extent of hypertension in bus drivers and identifying specific behavioural and occupational factors that may be responsible for increased risk of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 3497119 TI - Intratumoural light distribution in an experimental mouse tumour irradiated by a diffuse-light irradiator compared with unilateral helium-neon light for photodynamic therapy. AB - Investigations on dosimetry in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of experimental mouse tumours transplanted into the right hind leg revealed a significant variability in the fluence rate reaching tumour cells in different parts of the tumour when irradiated by a 50 mW collimated He-Ne laser. Based on intratumoural fibre optical light measurements, a new irradiation source was constructed, in which variability in the radiant energy fluence rate between different parts of the solid tumour was reduced. The new diffuse-light irradiator was constructed basically from two concentric water chambers surrounded by three linear 3000 W xenon flash lamps. The outer chamber was an optical band filter, and the inner chamber contained a light-dispersing solution of lipid droplets which created an isotropic light field in which the tumours were submerged for PDT. Compared with unilateral He-Ne laser irradiation, an enhancement factor of 7.3 in radiance was obtained for the diffuse-light irradiator measured in the tumour. The new apparatus provides a nearly isotropic light field for in vivo experimental PDT. PMID- 3497120 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells are not defective in the repair of (6-4) photoproducts. AB - Using radioimmunoassays specific for (6-4) photoproducts and cyclobutane dimers, Xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells appear to have a normal capacity for the repair of each of these lesions. However, these assays measure an early stage in the repair pathway and we do not exclude the possibility that repair is not successfully completed following UV irradiation and excision of DNA photoproducts. PMID- 3497121 TI - Dose-incidence relationships for exencephalia, anophthalmia and prenatal mortality in mouse embryos irradiated with fission neutrons or 250 kV X-rays. AB - Groups of pregnant mice were irradiated at selected times between 10.00 hours on gestation day 7 and 16.00 hours on day 8. Each group received 0.39 Gy of neutrons or 1.60 Gy of X-rays, or was sham irradiated. We identified a period of high susceptibility of the embryos to radiation-induced exencephalia, anophthalmia and prenatal mortality early in gestation day 8. Dose-incidence relationships in this period were investigated with 0.19-0.48 Gy of neutrons and with 0.40-2.00 Gy of X rays. With increasing neutron dose, incidence of exencephalia in live embryos rose and then declined. This response suggests that embryos with neutron injury of the type that leads to exencephalia are at a greater risk of dying in utero than are similarly irradiated embryos not so injured, and that this risk increases with dose. A model is proposed that accounts for the shape of the neutron dose-incidence curve. X-ray-induced exencephalia showed only an increase with dose. In X-irradiated litters, almost invariably, the incidence of anophthalmia was higher in exencephalic than in nonexencephalic embryos and the ratio of these incidences (relative risk) decreased toward 1 with increasing dose. A model is proposed that accounts for these observations. The incidence of bilateral anophthalmia in X-irradiated embryos was higher than would be expected if the bilateral form resulted solely from independent injury at each of two equally susceptible sites. PMID- 3497122 TI - Lethal and mutagenic effects of 252Cf radiation in cultured human cells. AB - HeLa MR cells were exposed to radiation emitted from a man-made spontaneously fissioning isotope, californium-252. The neutron to gamma-ray ratio in the radiation dose was measured to be 2.0. The extrapolation number of the dose survival curve was 1.3 and the Do was 200 cGy. A dose-dependent increase in mutation to 6-TGr (6-thioguanine resistant) was observed. The relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e.) for cell killing of the neutrons from 252Cf, calculated relative to high-dose-rate X-rays, was 2.6 at 50 per cent survival. The r.b.e. for mutation induction was 2.7 at a mutation frequency of 5 X 10(-5) per surviving cell. PMID- 3497124 TI - The effect of a protein on the radiolysis of DNA studied by HPLC and pulse radiolysis. AB - Double-stranded DNA from calf thymus was irradiated in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a ratio of 1:10 in weight, at pH7 and pH5, under aerobic and under anaerobic conditions. The irradiated biomolecules were separated by high-performance liquid-gel permeation chromatography. At pH 7, in the presence of the protein, degradation of DNA was enhanced by oxygen, while under anaerobic conditions formation of protein-DNA crosslinks was observed. At pH5, crosslinking of BSA to DNA occurred under anaerobic as well as under aerobic conditions, while fragmentation of DNA could not be detected with this method with doses up to 1600 Gy. Under nitrogen, the degradation of BSA was not altered by the addition of DNA, but in the presence of oxygen less BSA was lost for a given dose when DNA was present. PMID- 3497123 TI - Oxygen uptake during the gamma-irradiation of fatty acids. AB - The radiation-induced oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in aqueous solutions has been estimated by measurement of the continuous uptake of oxygen using an oxygen electrode. Chain reactions, initiated by HO radicals, are easily identified to be occurring in the case of unsaturated fatty acids. Other mild oxidation agents, namely (SCN)-.2, Br-.2 and N.3, are also found to be capable of oxidizing the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Evidence is presented that O-.2 may also initiate peroxidation. The oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids is dependent on dose rate, fatty acid concentration, temperature and the presence of antioxidant and other protective agents. Kinetic studies of the reaction of (SCN)-.2 and Br-.2 with linoleic and linolenic acids have been carried out using pulse radiolysis. The bimolecular rate constants for both radical species with the lipids are approx 10(7) mol-1 dm3 s-1, below their critical micelle concentrations, and decrease at higher concentrations due to micelle formation. PMID- 3497125 TI - Variation of the radiosensitizing efficiency of RSU-1069 with pre-irradiation contact times: a rapid mix study. AB - Using a cellular fast-mixing technique, the time course of radiation sensitization of hypoxic, V79 cells by various concentrations of RSU-1069 (0.25 2.5 mmol dm-3) and misonidazole (2.5-50 mmol dm-3) have been studied to distinguish between fast chemical processes and the much slower biochemical responses to ionizing radiation and the monofunctional alkylating action of RSU 1069. Under conditions of equi-concentration, misonidazole and RSU-1069 show similar radiosensitizing efficiencies for pre-irradiation contact times up to 1 s. The values of the sensitizer enhancement ratio of approximately 1.5 for both 2 nitroimidazoles (2.5 mmol dm-3) is considerably less than that of 1.9-2.8 determined with misonidazole for a pre-irradiation contact time of 1 h under hypoxia. It is proposed that the enhanced radiosensitizing efficiency of RSU-1069 compared to that of misonidazole after long contact times involves, in part, the formation of 'sub-toxic' damage probably involving monofunctional and/or bifunctional action of RSU-1069 prior to irradiation. PMID- 3497126 TI - Binding mode of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole (ANT) in platinum complexes, trans [PtCl2(ANT)2], affects DNA binding, toxicity and radiosensitizing ability. AB - The radiosensitizer 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole (ANT) can react with platinum to form many products because of the availability of two potential nitrogen donors as ligands for metals. Two of these complexes, both with two ANT molecules in the trans configuration, differ because of their linkages. In the first, Pt is bound to ANT via the amine group (A) and in the second via the thiazole ring nitrogen (R). Isomer R is a better radiosensitizer than A in hypoxic Chinese hamster ovary cells, giving enhancement ratios of 1.6 versus 1.15 with 100 mumol dm-3 complex. The ring-bound isomer also exhibits higher toxicity than the amine bound in air and under conditions of hypoxia. Sensitization by isomer R is much higher under conditions of hypoxia than in air. In an assay to assess DNA binding, isomer R inhibited restriction enzyme cleavage of DNA but isomer A did not (up to 6 h at 300 mumol dm-3). It appears from this study on two very similar complexes that the complex which exhibits stronger binding may be targetting the radiosensitizer to the DNA, resulting in greatly improved sensitization. PMID- 3497127 TI - Alterations in the nuclear matrix protein mass correlate with heat-induced inhibition of DNA single-strand-break repair. AB - The total protein mass co-isolating with the nuclear matrix or nucleoid from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was observed to increase in heated cells as a function of increasing exposure temperature between 43 degrees C and 45 degrees C or of exposure time at any temperature. The sedimentation distance of the CHO cell nucleoid in sucrose gradients increased with increasing exposure time at 45 degrees C. Both these nuclear alterations correlated in a log-linear manner with heat-induced inhibition of DNA strand break repair. A two-fold threshold increase in nuclear matrix protein mass preceded any substantial inhibition of repair of DNA single-strand breaks. When preheated cells (45 degrees C for 15 min) were incubated at 37 degrees C the nuclear matrix protein mass and nucleoid sedimentation recovered with a half-time of about 5 h, while DNA single-strand break repair recovered with a half-time of about 2 h. When preheated cells were placed at 41 degrees C (step-down heating; SDH) a further increase was observed in the nuclear matrix protein mass and the half-time of DNA strand break repair, while nucleoid sedimentation recovered toward control values. These results implicate alterations in the protein mass of the nuclear matrix in heat-induced inhibition of repair of DNA single-strand breaks. PMID- 3497129 TI - Thermal effects of 2.45 GHz microwaves on survival and viability of Chinese hamster V-79 cells. AB - The possible existence of thermal effects specific to microwaves at 2.45 GHz and not found with classical heating in a waterbath was studied by measuring cell survival (colony-forming ability) and cell viability (the ability to exclude trypan blue) in Chinese hamster V79 cells. The microwaves were employed at high power densities (125 to 175 mW/cm2) corresponding to specific absorption rates ranging between 62 and 87 mW/g. When matching the rises in temperature, the effects of microwave-induced hyperthermia at 125 mW/cm2 on cell survival were comparable to those of classical heating. However, they were statistically significantly different when using power densities of 150 and 175 mW/cm2. The response obtained in terms of cell viability appeared to be comparable. The conclusions are also valid when taking into account a correction factor for energy losses during microwave treatment. The apparent specific effect of microwaves appears to be associated with exposures at high power densities involving short treatment times and rapid rises in temperature. PMID- 3497128 TI - Heat-induced changes in the incorporation of [H3]acetate in membrane lipids. AB - The effects of heat treatments at temperatures from 42 to 47 degrees C on the rate of incorporation of [3H]acetate into different classes of lipids have been studied in V-79 Chinese hamster cells. Thermotolerance induction and subtoxic heat treatments decreased the incorporation of [3H]acetate into phospholipids and caused the ratio [3H]cholesterol/[3H]phospholipids to increase several fold, and a positive correlation between heat dose and the ratio [3H]cholesterol/[3H]phospholipids was obtained for subtoxic hyperthermic treatments. The duration of this hyperthermic effect on the incorporation of [3H]acetate into the different lipid fractions was followed in pulse-label experiments. The highest increase of the ratio [3H]cholesterol/[3H]phospholipids was obtained during the first 24 h, but a significant elevation was also present for the 24-72 h pulse-labelled group. Thermotolerance induction was maximal 24 h after the heat treatment and then declined during the next 24 h. The increased [3H]cholesterol/[3H]phospholipid ratio observed in response to hyperthermia resembles the processes that serve to provide homeoviscous adaptation to sustain thermosensitive membrane-located functional groups, in analogy with the mechanisms responsible for thermal adaptation. However, the lack of a positive correlation between thermotolerance induction and the changes in lipid synthesis, for the whole time interval studied, remains to be further explored before any mechanistic interpretation of the data can be found. PMID- 3497130 TI - Impending surgery: the expectations of male coronary patients and their wives. AB - Waiting to receive coronary graft surgery presents patients and their spouses with a stressful episode which nevertheless holds out the possibilities of symptom relief and improved quality of life. This study examines differences between couples in their experience of waiting, approach to surgery and expectations of treatment benefit. These differences, conceptualized in terms of a theory of adjustment to illness, are discussed in relation to their practical implications for helping patients and spouses to prepare for surgery and its possible outcomes. PMID- 3497131 TI - The role of benzydamine in the topical treatment of the so-called non-specific vaginitis. AB - The authors report the preliminary results of their investigation of the efficacy of benzydamine in the treatment of the so-called non-specific vaginitis. An initial in vitro study to test its bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal activity on Gardnerella vaginalis showed that the drug has high activity even at the lowest concentrations, and completely inhibits this micro-organism at 1000 micrograms/ml which is the usual concentration employed in therapy. The first pilot study performed in vivo on 14 selected vaginitis cases which were found positive for G. vaginalis by culture test appears to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of benzydamine; however, this confirmation must await the results of a double-blind clinical trial which is still in progress. PMID- 3497132 TI - Non-specific vaginitis or vaginitis of undetermined aetiology. AB - Vaginitis is a complex syndrome that is probably the most common outpatient disease seen by the gynaecologist. The specific aetiologies of vaginitis are many. One of the most common entities, however, is "non-specific vaginitis" which can be subdivided into: Gardnerella vaginitis, anaerobic vaginosis, and vaginitis of undetermined aetiology. The role of Gardnerella as a causative agent for vaginitis has been studied in depth but its specific role remains controversial. Anaerobic vaginosis can be diagnosed by noting on microscopic examination the presence of clue cells, free-floating bacteria and numerous white blood cells (WBC's). Culturing an aliquot of the vaginal discharge reveals a high number of anaerobes. In addition, this condition responds to antibiotics effective against anaerobes, e.g., metronidazole. Vaginitis of undetermined aetiology is more complex and is characterized by a purulent vaginal discharge, a pH of 4.0-4.6, numerous WBC's, and a high concentration of bacteria. The microbiology of this vaginitis includes many facultative Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive cocci. Anaerobes may be present but do not make up a large component of the endogenous microflora. This condition does not respond to the usual antibiotic therapies employed in treating bacterial vaginitis. Since this condition appears to be primarily an inflammatory reaction, it may be responsive to topical antiinflammatory agents such as benzydamine. PMID- 3497133 TI - T cell subsets involved in the rejection of metastases arising from intraocular melanomas in mice. AB - The role of cell-mediated immunity in the resistance to spontaneous metastasis of intraocular melanoma was studied in C57BL/6 mice harboring syngeneic B16F10 melanomas. Mice were rendered T cell-deficient by thymectomy and lethal whole body X-irradiation. Adult thymectomized and bone marrow-restored (ATXBM) mice were selectively reconstituted with immune lymph node cell suspensions that were depleted of specific T cell subsets. The selectively reconstituted hosts were used to evaluate the role of specific T cell subsets in controlling the metastatic spread of intraocular melanomas. The results revealed that T cell deficient ATXBM mice were highly vulnerable to the metastatic spread of intraocular melanomas. However, this susceptibility could be virtually eliminated by the infusion of either normal or specifically sensitized lymphoid cells. Negative selection experiments demonstrated that the effector cells responsible for protection against metastases resided in a population with the surface phenotype characteristic of cytotoxic T lymphocytes: Thy 1+, Lyt 1+ and Lyt 2+. PMID- 3497134 TI - The immunosuppressive activities of two abortifacient proteins isolated from the seeds of bitter melon (Momordica charantia). AB - Two abortifacient proteins, alpha- and beta-momorcharin, have been purified from the seeds of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). It was found that non cytotoxic concentrations of these plant proteins can significantly inhibit the mitogenic responses of mouse splenocytes to concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the alloantigen induced lymphoproliferation and the in vitro generation of a primary cytotoxic lymphocyte response were severely suppressed in the presence of these proteins. In contrast, the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells was unimpaired by in vitro exposure to momorcharin. On the other hand, a clear decrease in the functional capacity of macrophages, such as the cytostatic and phagocytic activities, was observed under similar conditions. In vivo studies have shown that single injections of nontoxic microgram amounts of momorcharin into mice resulted in a significant depression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response as well as the humoral antibody formation to sheep red blood cells. Similarly, the thioglycollate-induced in vivo migration of macrophages was also suppressed. Interestingly, the in vivo activation of natural killer cells was not appreciably affected. Our data suggests that the observed potent immunosuppressive effect of alpha- and beta-momorcharin is unlikely to be due to direct lymphocytotoxicity or due to a shift in the kinetic parameter of the immune response. PMID- 3497135 TI - T cell mitogenicity of a novel beta-D-galactoside-specific lectin from the beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (allo A). AB - We examined the lymphocyte mitogenicity of a novel beta-D-galactoside-specific lectin from the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma, named allo A. Allo A was mitogenic to spleen cells of various strains of mice and rats and to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. When the selectivity of mitogenicity to T or B lymphocytes was examined with mouse spleen cells, allo A was selectively mitogenic to T-enriched spleen cells, which indicates that allo A is a T cell mitogen. Thymocytes from non-treated mice hardly responded to allo A, while those from cortisone-treated mice did to a great extent, indicating that allo A is mitogenic to mature thymocytes. The lymphocyte activation with allo A was inhibited by lactose, but not by melibiose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, or methyl-alpha-D-mannoside, which suggests that cell surface molecules containing beta-D-galactosyl residues are of importance in the structure of allo A receptors on the cell surface. PMID- 3497136 TI - [Classification of progressive systemic scleroderma]. AB - A new classification of forms of progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) is presented. Compared with previous classifications, it includes not only frequent, typical forms of PSS, but also rarer manifestations. For the first time, it considers pathogenetic factors, such as the phenomena which have become known concerning the immunological system, and distinguishes between noninflammatory and inflammatory subtypes. Etiological (in this case, immunogenetic) criteria are also considered. This classification is open to further differentiation and development. PMID- 3497138 TI - A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (HU-39) that detects DRw8 + DRw12. AB - A monoclonal antibody, HU-39, was produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with a cultured human B lymphoblastoid cell line, Shi-C3 (HLA-A24, A31, B51, Bw52, DR2, DRw12, DQw1, DQw3). Utilizing the complement-dependent cytotoxicity test, HU-39 was found to detect a polymorphic determinant common to HLA-DRw8 and HLA-DRw12, a split antigen of HLA-DR5. Although HU-39 reacted with the cells from all of nine DRw12 positive individuals, the cells from only 18 out of 21 DRw8 positive individuals reacted with HU-39 and the remaining three were negative for HU-39. The cytotoxicity of the antibody was reduced after the surface HLA-DR molecules of two cell lines, GI and EBV-Sh, typed as DRw8 and DRw12, respectively, were masked with F(ab')2, of anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody. The results of the sequential coprecipitation test and the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis by using EBV-Sh also indicated that HU-39 preferentially recognizes an epitope borne on the DR molecules, but not on the DQ molecules. Thus, HU-39 appeared to be of great value as a tissue typing reagent to define DRw8 and DRw12, the latter of which had been difficult to assign because of the lack of monospecific alloantisera. PMID- 3497139 TI - Protein analysis of HLA-DR2.3 haplotype. AB - The human major histocompatibility antigens (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP), consisting of alpha and beta chains, show extensive polymorphism. Based on differences of T-cell responses, the serologically defined DR2 specificity has been divided into Dw2, Dw12, and several putative additional "Dw subtype" specificities (AZH, FJO, and MN2, which we shall designate as "DR2.3", and LD 5a). To investigate the relationships of these specificities, DR and DQ molecules were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). The 2D-PAGE patterns of the DR molecules are identical among DR2.3 cells. Three DR beta chain polypeptides are expressed on DR2.3 cells. The electrophoretic mobilities of two of these beta chains are different from those of beta chains from the Dw2 and Dw12 cells. The DR molecules of the LD-5a cells show similar 2D-PAGE patterns with those of DR2.3 cells. The 2D-PAGE patterns of DQ molecules are identical among DR2.3 cells. The electrophoretic mobilities of DQ beta chains are different for Dw2, Dw12, LD-5a, and DR2.3 cells. These results indicate that the AZH, FJO, and MN2 cells have identical or very similar DR and DQ molecules and constitute a third, and relatively homogeneous, subgroup ("DR2.3") of the DR2 specificity. In addition, DR2.3 cells have a unique characteristic in that they express three DR beta chains. PMID- 3497137 TI - Synaptic interaction of serotonergic axons and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat. A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. AB - The morphological interrelationship between the central serotonergic and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) synthesizing systems was studied in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of colchicine pretreated male rats. The simultaneous immunocytochemical localization of the transmitter and peptide employed the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique using the silver-gold intensified (SGI) and non-intensified forms of the oxidized 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen. The paraventricular nucleus received a moderate serotonergic innervation as compared with other diencephalic structures. The distribution and arborization of serotonergic axons were more prominent in the parvocellular subnuclei than in the magnocellular units of the nucleus. Serotonin containing axons formed terminal bouton and en passant type synapses with dendrites and somata of parvocellular neurons. The immunocytochemical double labelling technique revealed the overlapping of serotonergic axons and CRF-immunoreactive neurons. Vibratome (40 micron) and semithin (1 micron) sections indicated that the interneuronal communication may take place on both dendrites and cell bodies of CRF-immunoreactive neurons. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that serotonin-containing terminals formed axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses with CRF-immunoreactive neurons. These findings indicate that the central serotonergic neuronal system can influence the function of the pituitary-adrenal endocrine axis via a direct action upon the hypophysiotrophic CRF synthesizing neurons. PMID- 3497140 TI - HRE 664, a new parenteral penem. I. Antibacterial activity in vitro. AB - The new penem antibiotic HRE 664 displays potent antibacterial activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant bacterial strains including Gram negative and Gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes. With an MIC 90% of 0.43 micrograms/ml, it is also active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. HRE 664 is extremely stable against beta-lactamases, it binds preferentially to the penicillin-binding proteins 2, 3, 5 and 6 of Escherichia coli. PMID- 3497141 TI - Antitumor cells found in tumor-bearing mice given ubenimex. AB - Antitumor effector cells in spleens of tumor-bearing mice given ubenimex were investigated. The administration of ubenimex, starting 7 days after the tumor inoculation, was effective in inhibiting growth of IMC carcinoma. Spleen cells taken from these mice showed a marked suppression of the tumor growth by the WINN assay. The antitumor activity of spleen cells was reduced by treatment to remove T cells or NK cells, whereas spleen cell preparations enriched for T cells showed the strongest antitumor activity. Moreover, NK activity against YAC-1 cells was found in the spleen. These results indicate that the administration of ubenimex to IMC carcinoma-bearing mice generates cytotoxic T cells and NK cells in the spleen. The antitumor effect of ubenimex was not observed in X-ray-irradiated and in anti-asialo GM1 serum-treated mice. PMID- 3497142 TI - Structure-activity relationships of 6-(heterocyclyl)-methylene penam sulfones; a new class of beta-lactamase inhibitors. AB - 6-(Heterocyclyl)methylene penam sulfones (1) are effective beta-lactamase inhibitors and potent ampicillin and cefazolin potentiators against both Gram positive and Gram-negative beta-lactamase producing bacteria. Several of these analogs having a pi-deficient 2-heteroaryl substituent attached to the C6 methylene position showed better inhibitory activity than clavulanic acid, Ro 15 1903, 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid, and sulbactam against a variety of beta lactamases. The compounds were devoid of any antibacterial activity, but in combination with ampicillin or cefazolin, exhibited synergistic activity at least equal to clavulanic acid, Ro 15-1903, 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid or sulbactam against beta-lactamase producing strains. Structure-activity relationships for a number of compounds are described. The structure-activity relationships can be rationalized by an enzyme inhibition mechanism which we have previously proposed on the basis of methanolysis of 6-(2-pyridyl)methylene penam sulfone (1a). Two synthetic routes to prepare compounds of structural type 1 via either a Wittig reaction or an aldol condensation are reported. beta-Lactamase inhibition and MIC data are presented. PMID- 3497143 TI - Enhancement of colony formation of mouse bone marrow cells by ubenimex. AB - Ubenimex enhanced colony formation of bone marrow cells from CDF1 mice induced by L920 cell supernatant, which shows a macrophage-colony-stimulating activity (M CSA), and also enhanced the colony formation induced CDF1 mouse spleen cell conditioned medium, which shows a granulocyte and macrophage-colony-stimulating activity. The maximal effect was obtained at 0.01 microgram/ml. But, ubenimex showed no effect on the nature of the colonies induced by each CSA. By preincubation of the bone marrow cells with ubenimex, M-CSA-induced colony forming and the M-CSA-binding activities of the cells were increased. These results suggest that ubenimex enhances the CSA-induced colony formation of bone marrow progenitor cells of CDF1 mouse by increasing the amount of the CSA-binding to the cells. PMID- 3497144 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the embryonic chick's inner ear. AB - Putative cholinergic efferent endings, as demonstrated by the presence of a localized acetylcholinesterase reaction product and visualized by phase-contrast microscopy, appeared in the lagenar macula and cristae ampullares on the 11th embryonic day (ED) and in the basilar papilla by the 13th ED. During the course of development, the reaction product became denser and more sharply defined, reflecting the maturation of efferent endings. PMID- 3497145 TI - Afferent nerve ending development and synaptogenesis in the vestibular epithelium of human fetuses. AB - Synaptogenesis has been investigated in the vestibular epithelium of human fetuses aged from 7 to 14 weeks of gestation. The arrival of afferent nerve endings in the epithelium preceded hair cell differentiation. Synaptogenesis involved the proliferation of synaptic bodies. It was concomitant with the formation of contacts between microtubules and the presynaptic membrane, and the presence of numerous coated vesicles within the presynaptic area. PMID- 3497146 TI - Susceptibility of cefotetan and Sch 34343 to beta-lactamases produced by strains of Bacteroides that hydrolyse cefoxitin or imipenem. AB - Eight strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group that produce unusual beta lactamases were used to investigate the activity and susceptibility to hydrolysis of cefotetan, a new cephamycin and Sch 34343, a new penem. Cefoxitin and imipenem were also examined for comparison. Antibiotic titrations revealed that cefotetan was less active than cefoxitin against four of the eight strains, and that Sch 34343 was as active or more active than imipenem. Crude enzyme extracts degraded cefotetan more quickly than cefoxitin as judged by high pressure liquid chromatography. Three of the extracts were able to degrade imipenem completely within 1 h and these enzymes degraded Sch 34343 even more rapidly. PMID- 3497147 TI - Co-trimoxazole versus nafcillin in the therapy of experimental meningitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Co-trimoxazole was compared with nafcillin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in the therapy of experimental Staph. aureus meningitis in rabbits. Co trimoxazole (trimethoprim:sulphamethoxazole in a 1:20 ratio) was synergistic against 22/24 strains of Staph. aureus in vitro. The MBC90 of co-trimoxazole and nafcillin were 0.156-3.12 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l, respectively, concentrations below those achievable in purulent cerebrospinal fluid. The rate of bacterial killing (Staph. aureus) by co-trimoxazole and nafcillin were similar in both broth and pooled CSF in vitro. However, the MBC increased and the rate of bactericidal activity of both agents declined when tested in CSF at a higher inoculum (10(7) cfu/ml). During continuous intravenous infusion therapy of a reproducible, uniformly fatal (if untreated) model of experimental Staph. aureus meningitis, serum concentrations of all agents closely approximated those found in humans receiving standard parenteral regimens. The mean percent penetration into CSF ([CSF]/[serum] X 100) was 2.9, 35.6 and 27.1% for nafcillin, trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, respectively. Although both nafcillin and co-trimoxazole therapy reduced CSF Staph. aureus concentrations significantly more rapidly (P less than 0.001) when compared to untreated controls, the bactericidal rate was modest. The CSF was rendered sterile in 0/64 animals treated with either regimen for 8 h. Nafcillin was more rapidly bactericidal in vivo (P less than 0.03) than co-trimoxazole in this model. Caution is advised in the use of co-trimoxazole for infections of the central nervous system caused by Staph. aureus. PMID- 3497148 TI - Structure-activity relations of 4-fluoromethyl monobactams. AB - New monobactam compounds with fluoromethyl side chains at the 4-position were synthesized. These compounds showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and good stability to various beta-lactamases. The effect of replacement of the 1-carboxy-1-methylethoxyimino residue of aztreonam with various substituted groups, and of the configuration of the 3- and 4-position were examined. Substitution of a carboxycyclopropoxy group in the oxyimino moiety effected the most potent antibacterial activity. The cis congeners were not hydrolysed by any types of beta-lactamases including the oxyiminocephalosporin hydrolysing enzyme. Introduction of a fluorine atom in the methyl group at the 4-position increased the beta-lactamase stability of monobactams. PMID- 3497149 TI - Activities of metronidazole and niridazole against Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates. AB - The activities of niridazole and metronidazole against Trichomonas vaginalis C1 NIH and six isolates of clinical origin were compared using the in-vitro assay technique. Under the standard anaerobic assay conditions both metronidazole and niridazole were highly effective at low concentrations against all the strains used. However niridazole, in contrast to metronidazole, was equally effective in the aerobic assay, a feature which may be exploited in the chemotherapy of patients with refractory trichomoniasis. PMID- 3497150 TI - Comparative effects of quinolones on human mononuclear leucocyte functions. AB - The effects of three quinoline derivatives--pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin--were investigated in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (MNL). At concentrations of 50 mg/l or more, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin significantly inhibited MNL proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin. This inhibition was more marked with ciprofloxacin than pefloxacin or ofloxacin. To determine the possible mechanism(s) involved in the inhibition of MNL proliferation following exposure to pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin, we assessed (1) interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in supernatants from monocytes treated with the quinolones and (2) the effects of 2-mercaptoethanol (2 ME) a thiol compound which acts as an antioxidant agent and the effect of indomethacin (INDO) an inhibitor of prostaglandin E2 synthesis. 2-ME and INDO did not prevent the decrease in the proliferation. IL-1 activity was shown to be decreased for the same range of antibiotic concentrations as observed for the inhibition of MNL proliferation. Cellular viability of the MNL or monocytes was not modified by any of the quinolones at the concentrations tested. Taken together, these results suggest that pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin act as immunomodulators. The mechanism involved with the cascade of events that leads to the lymphocyte proliferation and the clinical relevance need further investigation. PMID- 3497151 TI - Bacampicillin and the immune response. AB - To evaluate the possible influence of a bacampicillin on the immune response, 16 subjects, out of a group of 60 patients with bacterial respiratory tract infections, had various tests of immune function determined, before and after treatment. The peripheral mononuclear blastogenic index (ratio between PHA induced and spontaneous proliferation), PHA-induced interferon-gamma production, percentages of T and B lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels, failed to show any significative differences before and after the treatment with bacampicillin. The PHA-induced interleukin-2 production increased after treatment but just failed to reach statistical significance (0.1 less than P less than 0.05; t = 1.9). The clinical condition of 56 of the sixty (93.3%) treated patients improved and neither side-effects nor alterations of liver or kidney function were observed. This study has shown no inhibitory effect of bacampicillin on the immune response while confirming its clinical efficacy. PMID- 3497152 TI - N-terminal amino acid sequence of PIT-2 beta-lactamase (SHV-1) PMID- 3497153 TI - Synergy of clavulanic acid with benzylpenicillin or cephalothin against Yersinia spp. PMID- 3497154 TI - Infantile autism in China. PMID- 3497155 TI - E-rosette forming lymphocytes in carcinoma of uterine cervix patients before and after treatment. PMID- 3497156 TI - Metabolism of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate to a new tetrakisphosphate isomer in angiotensin-stimulated adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - Angiotensin stimulates rapid and prominent increases in inositol polyphosphates and their metabolites in bovine glomerulosa cells labeled with [3H]inositol. In addition to the early formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3) and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4-P3), as well as their intermediate product, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4,5-P4), delayed increases in two new InsP4 isomers were consistently observed by high resolution high performance liquid chromatography. Studies on the metabolism of purified Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 preparations, labeled with [3H]inositol and 32P to monitor sites of dephosphorylation, were performed in permeabilized glomerulosa cells. In addition to rapid degradation of Ins-1,3,4,5-P3 to Ins-1,3,4-P3 and then to Ins-3,4-P2, there was delayed formation of one of the putative InsP4 isomers observed during AII stimulation in intact cells. The kinetics of formation of the new InsP4 isomer, and the lack of phosphate in its 5 position based on isotope ratios, were consistent with its origin from Ins-1,3,4-P3. This was confirmed by the conversion of [3H]Ins-1,3,4-P3 to the new InsP4 isomer in permeabilized cells by a kinase distinct from that which phosphorylates Ins-1,4,5-P3. These results have demonstrated that the dephosphorylation sequence of Ins-1,4,5-P3 metabolism is accompanied by a complex cycle of higher phosphorylations with formation of new intermediates of potential significance in cellular regulation. PMID- 3497157 TI - Complement activation by hydroxyethylmethacrylate-ethylmethacrylate copolymers. AB - Certain biomaterials, including nylon oxygenator and cellulosic dialysis membranes, are potent activators of human complement. In this study, the effect of polymers containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the human complement system was investigated. Copolymers of HEMA with ethylmethacrylate (EMA) varying from 100 to 40% HEMA in the monomer made by radiation initiation were used to coat glass discs. These were equilibrated with human plasma in vitro and the degree of complement activation was quantitated by C3a radio immunoassay. Significant activation was caused by copolymers made from monomers containing 60% or greater HEMA. A direct relationship between the amount of activation and the percentage of HEMA was found. The degree of activation by poly HEMA, when corrected for surface area, was quite similar to that observed for dialysis and oxygenator membranes. Similar observations were made when solid casts of crosslinked HEMA/N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) copolymer gels were tested, but the magnitude of activation was much greater. The results are significant because complement activation may play an important role in the response to foreign surfaces, in both extravascular and intravascular settings. A new concept of molecular biocompatibility is proposed in which surfaces eliciting molecular transformations in any of the biological defense systems are deemed nonbiocompatible. By this criterion, the hydrogel poly-HEMA, which has so frequently been thought of as biocompatible, is considered to be a molecularly non-biocompatible material. PMID- 3497158 TI - The structure of calsequestrin in triads of vertebrate skeletal muscle: a deep etch study. AB - We have examined the structure of calsequestrin in three-dimensional images from deep-etched rotary-replicated freeze fractures of skeletal muscle fibers. We selected a fast-acting muscle because the sarcoplasmic reticulum has an orderly disposition and is rich in internal membranes. Calsequestrin forms a network in the center of the terminal cisternae and is anchored to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, with preference for the junctional portion. The anchorage is responsible for maintaining calsequestrin in the region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum close to the calcium-release channels, and it corroborates the finding that calsequestrin and the spanning protein of the junctional feet may interact with each other in the junctional membrane. Anchoring filaments may be composed of a protein other than calsequestrin. PMID- 3497160 TI - Estimation of cerebral oxygen utilization rate by single-bolus 15O2 inhalation and dynamic positron emission tomography. AB - This study shows that regional CMRO2 can be estimated by means of nonlinear regression using dynamic positron emission tomographic data acquired during 1 min following single-bolus inhalation of 15O2. The feasibility of simultaneous estimation of CBF, cerebral blood volume (CBV), oxygen extraction ratio (OER), and CMRO2 was assessed by simulations using the model of Mintun et al. Four oxygen metabolic measurements, each consisting of a CBF, CBV, and 15O2 bolus study, were carried out on three volunteers. Regional values for CBF, CBV, OER, and CMRO2 were derived in two ways: from the fits of the time-activity curves of the dynamic 15O2 bolus study alone [CMRO2(fit)] and from the three separate studies [CMRO2 (control)]. For the 56 regions of interest analyzed, using a fit interval of 60 s, CMRO2(fit) was 93.4 +/- 7.8% of CMRO2(control) (mean +/- SD) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.95. CMRO2(control) ranged from 87 to 290 mumol/min/100 g. Individual simultaneous estimates of CBF, CBV, and OER were not reliable. Finally, we found that the validity of the model was limited in practice to the first minute after tracer inhalation. PMID- 3497159 TI - Use of anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes for the interaction of TSH subunits with its receptor. AB - TSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, whose dissociated subunits are without biological activity. This has precluded the assessment of the relative contribution of each subunit to hormone action. We have raised anti-idiotypes to monoclonal antibodies specific, respectively, for the alpha and beta hTSH subunits. The anti-beta anti-idiotype inhibited 125I-hTSH binding to the beta subunit-specific monoclonal quantitatively, whereas 125I-hTSH binding to the alpha subunit-specific monoclonal was not inhibited by anti-alpha anti-idiotypes, suggesting that only the former is an "internal image" anti-idiotype. Neither of the two anti-idiotypes nor equimolar mixtures thereof inhibited 125I-bTSH binding to thyroid membranes, even though radiolabelled anti-idiotypes showed saturable binding to thyroid plasma membrane which was inhibited 41-65% by bTSH. Each anti idiotype alone caused 9% inhibition (compared to 50% by NRIgG) of thyroid plasma membrane adenylate cyclase. Equimolar mixtures (125 micrograms/ml IgG of each anti-idiotype) induced enzyme activity equivalent to 85% of that of 250 mU/ml of TSH. The TSH-like action of the two anti-idiotypes was also reflected in their capacity to increase (450% by 250 micrograms/ml IgG compared to normal rabbit IgG) the uptake of 131I into isolated thyrocytes and to promote the organization of such cells into follicular structures. At 250 micrograms/ml, anti-beta anti idiotype promoted the organization of small follicles and only at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml did it enhance 131I uptake. PMID- 3497161 TI - The effect of diazepam sedation on cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease as measured using positron emission tomography. AB - The effect of sedation induced by intravenous diazepam on cerebral glucose metabolic activity was examined with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in five patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Each subject was studied on 2 separate days: on one occasion at rest with eyes patched and ears open, and on the second when sedated with intravenous diazepam titrated to maintain stage II sleep by clinical and EEG criteria. Similar patterns of glucose uptake were observed in both the presence and the absence of sedation, but overall glucose utilization was depressed an average of 20% and was closely correlated with the amount of diazepam administered prior to the injection of FDG. The predominant temporoparietal hypometabolism and relative sparing of frontal metabolism observed in this disease are therefore not explained by differences in anxiety or activity level in this patient group. Utilization of diazepam sedation for PET study appears to be safe and may permit the study of patients otherwise unable to cooperate with FDG-PET procedures. PMID- 3497163 TI - Human cerebral glucose metabolism determined by positron emission tomography: a revisit. AB - The cerebral glucose utilization rate was studied for 27 normal volunteers with 18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). The scanner has a spatial resolution of 6-7 mm and contains corrections for scatter, attenuation, and random coincidences. The lumped constant (tracer-to-glucose dynamic uptake ratio) was determined by comparing the average global uptake of tracer in representative slices with average glucose utilization rates measured by the Kety-Schmidt method as reported in the literature. The resulting value of 0.50 is in excellent agreement with a recent direct determination done by arterial and jugular bulb blood sampling. Gray and white matter values of glucose utilization in various areas of the brain were determined by placing small regions of interest over various cortical, basal, and white matter structures. These values are within 20% of published autoradiographic data on the macaque monkey. The average ratio of gray to white glucose utilization was 2.9, compared with a range of 3-5 for the monkey study and 1.6-2.2 reported in previous PET studies. The effect of instrumental errors on the results is analyzed and discussed. PMID- 3497162 TI - Cerebral blood volume measured with inhaled C15O and positron emission tomography. AB - Local cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been measured previously with inhaled 11CO and positron emission tomography (PET). The model used assumes that equilibrium in tracer concentration has occurred between arterial and systemic venous blood before the PET measurement is made. To verify that this model may be used with the much shorter half-lived C15O, we have simultaneously measured arterial and venous blood radioactivity following C15O inhalation. Equilibrium occurred 95 +/- 39 s after inhalation (n = 7). If the PET measurement is commenced prior to arteriovenous equilibrium, significant errors occur in calculated CBV. These data indicate that C15O may be used as a tracer for CBV measurement provided that emission data collection commences at approximately 120 s after inhalation. Strict quality control measures must be maintained to minimize the contamination of administered C15O with 15O-labeled CO2. PMID- 3497164 TI - Cerebral hemispheric and contralateral cerebellar hypoperfusion during a transient ischemic attack. AB - We studied a 79-year-old woman within 3 h of the onset of a motor aphasia and a right hemiparesis. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed a 24% decrease in the perfusion of the left middle cerebral artery territory and a 16% reduction in the perfusion of the right cerebellum. A mild naming difficulty was the neurological deficit at the end of the SPECT examination, and complete recovery was achieved within 24 h. Repeated SPECT study 10 days later was normal. This is the first report of focal hemispheric and contralateral cerebellar hypoperfusion in transient cerebral ischemia. PMID- 3497166 TI - [Cancer therapy by direct current electricity]. PMID- 3497165 TI - Brain blood volume, flow, and oxygen utilization measured with 15O radiotracers and positron emission tomography: revised metabolic computations. AB - We have revised our methods for calculating regional blood volume, flow, oxygen extraction, and oxygen utilization from positron emission tomography data obtained using 15O-labeled radiotracers. These revisions include radioactive decay explicitly within the model equations instead of requiring all measured activity to be corrected for decay prior to incorporation in the equations. The revised equations yield small but significant differences in the computed values. PMID- 3497168 TI - [Cloning of the entire mitochondrial genome of Rana catesbeiana and nucleotide sequencing of the URF2 and its flanking genes]. PMID- 3497167 TI - [Cytoprotective effect of centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor on stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions]. PMID- 3497169 TI - [Management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage by endoscopic spray of clotting factors]. PMID- 3497170 TI - Prevalence of thymidine-dependent Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - During a 1-year period, the prevalence of thymidine-dependent (TD) Staphylococcus aureus in patients at two geographically distinct cystic fibrosis (CF) centers was determined. Of 200 CF patients who had their respiratory secretions cultured, 95 harbored S. aureus, and 20 (21%) had TD S. aureus as their predominant staphylococcal isolate. All 20 TD S. aureus-positive patients had received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for an average of 30.9 months. It was also observed that TD S. aureus exhibited aberrant colony morphologies or did not grow on media commonly used in CF centers for S. aureus isolation, suggesting that this organism could be missed by routine culture methods. In contrast, all 20 isolates had typical staphylococcal morphology on mannitol salt agar after 48 h of incubation. Mannitol salt agar is recommended for primary isolation of TD S. aureus. PMID- 3497171 TI - Cell culture compared with broth for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis can be grown in cell culture. We studied the growth kinetics of T. vaginalis in McCoy cell culture compared with that in a conventional broth medium (Diamond TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with 10% heat inactivated bovine serum [TYI]). In the presence of McCoy cells and two parts cell culture medium to one part TYI, a peak concentration of 2 X 10(6) to 6 X 10(6) T. vaginalis per ml was consistently achieved with inocula as low as three T. vaginalis cells per ml. Without cells, this medium did not support growth of T. vaginalis. T. vaginalis in TYI in 1-ml vials with or without McCoy cells demonstrated poor growth. In tubes containing 10 ml of TYI, inocula grew to 2 X 10(6) to 6 X 10(6) T. vaginalis per ml, but at least 3 X 10(3) T. vaginalis per tube was required to initiate growth. Thus, in vitro, cell culture was more sensitive than TYI broth in detecting low numbers of T. vaginalis. In a subsequent clinical comparison of broth and cell culture for isolation of T. vaginalis from 188 vaginal specimens and 21 urethral specimens from men, the results were in agreement for 206 specimens (98.6%). There were no situations in which culture was negative and a saline preparation showed motile trichomonads. For women, using a positive culture as the indicator of true positivity, the sensitivity of detection of T. vaginalis was 83% with the Pappenheim stain and 77% with saline preparations. These studies show that cell culture can be used for isolation of T. vaginalis from clinical specimens; it gave results comparable to those of broth culture for the group of mainly symptomatic women. Further studies should be performed to determine its utility in clinical populations such as asymptomatic women and men with and without symptoms, in which T. vaginalis is more likely to be present in low numbers. PMID- 3497172 TI - Occult bacteremia with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A 2-year-old boy had occult bacteremia with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 6 weeks after receiving H. influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. Evaluation of his host defense was normal. As determined by outer membrane protein electrophoresis and Southern hybridization analysis, this strain was not related to type b strains. Its virulence in rats was similar to that of another nontypeable strain and less than that of a type b strain. PMID- 3497174 TI - Stepwise shortening of muscle fibre segments. AB - Shortening dynamics were measured in single fibres of frog skeletal muscle using a system that could track the spacing between hairs mounted on the fibre surface. Segment length changes were predominantly stepwise. The objective of the study was to identify potential artifacts and check their relevance. Several possible causes of artifactual steps were evaluated quantitatively and ruled out. In addition, the surface marker method and an independent length-detection method based on light diffraction were used simultaneously. The concurrence of results confirmed that it is highly unlikely that stepwise shortening could arise out of instrument artifact. Possible mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are considered. PMID- 3497173 TI - Evidence for t-tubular conduction failure in frog skeletal muscle induced by elevated extracellular calcium concentration. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism by which elevated extracellular calcium ions decrease tetanus tension in frog skeletal muscle, we made mechanical, electrophysiological and photographic measurements on single fibres or small bundles of fibres. Three lines of evidence point to t-tubular conduction failure as the primary mechanism of action of high calcium. They are a decrease in amplitude of the late afterpotential, attenuation or elimination of the notch and hump configuration of the early afterpotential, and the appearance of wavy myofibrils in the axial core of fibres during tetanus. These effects are fully reversible and are shared by other bivalent cations. High calcium concentration causes a change in the time course of the early afterpotential but does not alter the passive cell membrane characteristics, as reflected by the time course of decay of applied hyperpolarizing pulses. PMID- 3497175 TI - Defective in vitro growth of the hemopoietic progenitor cells in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - In addition to immunologic derangement, hematological abnormalities have been reported in the majority of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study 15 patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) were evaluated for the in vitro growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells. In all patients a significant reduction of growth (mean +/- SEM) of colony-forming unit granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, (megakaryocyte) (CFU-GEM) (1.2 +/- 0.3), burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) (17 +/- 10), CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) (1.7 +/- 0.6), and CFU-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) (35 +/- 10) was observed in comparison with normal controls. Depletion of T cells from the bone marrow before culture led to a significant increase in colony growth, which indicated an imbalance of the normally modulating T cell subsets. This increase was reversed by readdition of autologous T cells causing a decrease in colony growth to a degree, dependent on the T4 to T8 ratio. A decreased number of hemopoietic progenitor cells and/or a defective modulation of progenitor cell growth, normally carried out by T lymphocyte subsets, might be the cause of the hematological abnormalities in AIDS patients. PMID- 3497176 TI - Antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus in homosexual men. Relation of antibody specificity, titer, and isotype to clinical status, severity of immunodeficiency, and disease progression. AB - The titers and isotypes of antibodies to specific proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus were determined by Western blot analysis of sera from 107 homosexual men. Antibody titers were generally lower in sera from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in sera from men whose condition subsequently progressed to AIDS than in sera from men who had not progressed to AIDS. We found no evidence of isotypic prominence or restriction of the antibody response. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of CD4 helper cells were most highly associated with progression to AIDS. Lower antibody titers to the envelope protein gp110, the core protein p24, and the reverse transcriptase enzyme p51/65 were also predictive of progression to AIDS independent of their association with CD4 cell levels. These data suggest that differences in antibody levels are not simply a consequence of severe immunodeficiency but may be markers for control of infection. PMID- 3497177 TI - Interleukin 1 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes is augmented by ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a family of polypeptides initially found to be produced by activated monocytes and macrophages that mediate a wide variety of cellular responses to injury and infection. Epidermal epithelial cells (keratinocytes) produce "epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor" or ETAF, which has been recently shown to be identical to IL-1. Human epidermis is normally exposed to significant amounts of solar ultraviolet radiation. Certain ultraviolet wavelengths (UVB, 290-320 nm) are thought to be responsible for most of the immediate and long-term pathological consequences of excessive exposure to sunlight. In this study, we asked whether exposure to UVB irradiation induced IL 1 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes. Cultured human keratinocytes contain detectable amounts of IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA and protein in the absence of apparent stimulation; these levels could be significantly enhanced 6 h after exposure to 10 ng/ml of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Exposure to UVB irradiation with an emission spectrum comparable to that of sunlight (as opposed to that of an unfiltered artificial UV light source) significantly increased the steady state levels IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA in identical populations of human keratinocytes. This was reflected in the production of increased IL-1 activity by these cultures in vitro. In the same cell population, exposures to UVB irradiation did not alter the level of actin mRNA; therefore, the effect of UV irradiation on IL-1 represents a specific enhancement of IL-1 gene expression. Local increases of IL-1 may mediate the inflammation and vasodilation characteristic of acute UVB-injured skin, and systemic release of this epidermal IL-1 may account for fever, leukocytosis, and the acute phase response seen after excessive sun exposure. PMID- 3497178 TI - T cell receptor alpha-, beta-, and gamma-genes in T cell and pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We examined alpha-, beta-, and gamma-T cell receptor (TCR) gene activation within acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) that represent early stages of B and T cell development. We wished to determine if TCR rearrangement and expression was lineage restricted, showed any developmental hierarchy, or could identify new subsets of T cells. Rearrangement of gamma and beta TCR genes occurred early in development but in no set order, and most T-ALLs (22/26) were of sufficient maturity to have rearranged both genes. T-ALLs preferentially rearranged C gamma 2 versus the C gamma 1 complex; no preference within the beta locus was apparent. Once rearranged, the beta TCR continued to be expressed (11/13), whereas the gamma TCR was rarely expressed (3/14). The alpha TCR was expressed only in more mature T-ALLs (8/14) that usually displayed T3. The 3A-1 T cell associated antigen appeared earliest in development followed by T11 and T3. Within pre-B cell ALL a higher incidence of lineage spillover was noted for gamma TCR rearrangements (8/17) than for beta rearrangements (3/17). This also contrasts with the only occasional rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains (3/25) in T-ALL. However, in pre-B ALL the pattern of gamma TCR usage was distinct from that of T cells, with the C gamma 1 complex utilized more frequently. Almost all ALLs could be classified as pre-B or T cell in type by combining Ig and TCR genes with monoclonal antibodies recognizing surface antigens, although examples of lineage duality were noted. Unique subpopulations of cells were discovered including two genetically uncommitted ALLs that failed to rearrange either Ig or TCR loci. Moreover, two T lymphoblasts were identified that possessed the T3 molecule but failed to express alpha plus beta TCR genes. These T-ALLs may represent a fortuitous transformation of T cell subsets with alternative T3-Ti complexes. PMID- 3497179 TI - Protection by recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin Ala357 Arg358 against arterial hypotension induced by factor XII fragment. AB - The specificity of serpin superfamily protease inhibitors such as alpha 1 antitrypsin or C1 inhibitor is determined by the amino acid residues of the inhibitor reactive center. To obtain an inhibitor that would be specific for the plasma kallikrein-kinin system enzymes, we have constructed an antitrypsin mutant having Arg at the reactive center P1 residue (position 358) and Ala at residue P2 (position 357). These modifications were made because C1 inhibitor, the major natural inhibitor of kallikrein and Factor XIIa, contains Arg at P1 and Ala at P2. In vitro, the novel inhibitor, alpha 1-antitrypsin Ala357 Arg358, was more efficient than C1 inhibitor for inhibiting kallikrein. Furthermore, Wistar rats pretreated with alpha 1-antitrypsin Ala357 Arg358 were partially protected from the circulatory collapse caused by the administration of beta-Factor XIIa. PMID- 3497180 TI - Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukaemias with large spleens. AB - The clinical, haematological, morphological and histological features of a series of 22 patients presenting with splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes were assessed and compared with those of patients with other forms of chronic B cell leukaemia in an attempt to differentiate this condition from hairy cell leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, with which this condition has many features in common. The disease was twice as common in men than in women, with a mean (SD) age at diagnosis of 72 (9) years, and the most consistent presenting feature was massive enlargement of the spleen, which showed white and red pulp disease with a plasmacytic component. Small monoclonal bands were found in 60% of cases. PMID- 3497181 TI - Antibody responses to tetanus toxoid in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The primary and secondary antibody responses to tetanus toxoid were measured in 18 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and compared with those in age and sex matched controls. Although the primary antibody response in the two groups was similar, the secondary IgM antibody response in primary biliary cirrhosis was significantly higher than that in control subjects. There seems to be a correlation between secondary IgM antibody titre and total serum IgM concentration, although this fails to reach significance (p = 0.069). These results show that in primary biliary cirrhosis there is a failure to switch from IgM to IgG antibody synthesis in response to foreign antigens, and this may account for the increased serum IgM concentrations that are usually found in this disease. PMID- 3497182 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain as revealed by a modified cobalt-glucose oxidase-diaminobenzidine method. AB - A cobalt-glucose-oxidase diaminobenzidine (Co-GOD) method, employing a specific antiserum against rat corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), was applied to determine immunohistochemically a widespread and detailed localization of corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity (CRFI) in the rat brain. Besides the CRFI cells in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus that project to the median eminence, CRFI cells were demonstrated in many brain regions, including the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamic nuclei, medial hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area, perifornical area, central gray, cuneiform nucleus, inferior colliculus, raphe nuclei, mesencephalic reticular formation, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nuclei, mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve, pontine reticular formation, lateral superior olive, vestibular nuclei, prepositus hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, lateral reticular nucleus, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, external cuneate nucleus, inferior olive, and medullary reticular formation. CRFI-reacting neural processes were also detected in these same areas. In particular, the median eminence, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, mesencephalic reticular formation, parabrachial nuclei, and nucleus of the solitary tract contained large numbers of CRFI fibres. The widespread localization of CRFI demonstrated in the present study strongly suggests that CRF, like many other neurohormones and peptides, may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in numerous extrahypothalamic circuits, as well as participate in neuroendocrine regulation. PMID- 3497183 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of osteocalcin in developing rat teeth. AB - Osteocalcin was purified by gel chromatography from a crude extract obtained after decalcification of rat incisors. The apparent molecular weight, as determined by 5-15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 18,000, and amino acid analysis revealed 60 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues per 1000. Antisera against osteocalcin, raised in rabbits, reacted specifically with osteocalcin when investigated by immuno-electroblotting of dentin crude extract. 4-micron cryosections of formaldehyde-fixed tooth germs showed positive immunocytochemical staining for osteocalcin in dentin and odontoblasts. The staining of the mantle dentin at the coronal sides of the tooth germs was more intense than that of the adjacent circumpulpal dentin, while the odontoblasts involved in the formation of mantle dentin showed stronger immunoreactivity than did odontoblasts involved in circumpulpal dentin formation. This marked difference was not observed on the root sides of the tooth germs. In 1-micron cryosections, osteocalcin immunoreactivity was found evenly distributed throughout the entire cell body, with the exception of the Golgi region, which was less intensely stained, while the nucleus and the cell process were negative. The positive staining reaction with anti-osteocalcin antiserum was found in dentin from the very onset of its formation in the fetus. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the presence of osteocalcin in odontoblasts and dentin. Its immunocytochemical localization may be compatible with a distinct role in early dentinogenesis. PMID- 3497184 TI - In vitro caries-like lesion production by Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus using sucrose and starch. AB - We investigated the formation of caries-like lesions on root and enamel sections by S. mutans and A. viscosus when grown in four different carbohydrate substrates. The substrates were: sucrose, starch + alpha-amylase, and a combination of starch and sucrose with and without alpha-amylase. Twenty-four sections with exposed windows on both the root and enamel surfaces were exposed to the individual bacterial species in each of the four substrates for three weeks. At three weeks, the sections were removed and lesion depths measured. When grown in sucrose alone, S. mutans produced significantly deeper lesions in both root and enamel surfaces when compared with A. viscosus. However, S. mutans failed to produce lesions when grown in "limited" sucrose with starch added, whereas A. viscosus in this same substrate produced lesions in the enamel and root surfaces. A viscosus also produced either similar or significantly deeper lesions in both root and enamel surfaces, when compared with S. mutans grown in the two substrates with amylase. Thus, under these in vitro conditions, it was demonstrated that A. viscosus could utilize starch, whereas utilization of starch by S. mutans was alpha-amylase-dependent. PMID- 3497185 TI - Prophylactic aluminium hydroxide and hyperaluminaemia in intensive care. AB - Prophylactic antacid therapy is widely used in intensive care units. We show that significant hyperaluminaemia may occur during the course of prophylaxis with aluminium hydroxide in patients with compromised renal function. Since a significant proportion of patients in intensive care have, or are at risk of developing, renal failure we suggest that the routine use of aluminium hydroxide should be avoided. PMID- 3497187 TI - Source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with esophageal varices seen at endoscopy. AB - Many claim that upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with varices is frequently not of variceal origin. Such teaching is contrary to our experience. We therefore reviewed the records of 127 consecutive patients with 165 episodes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who were found to have esophageal varices by endoscopy. Varices were the only potential site of the index bleed in 101 of the 127 patients (79.5%). In addition to varices, other potential sites of bleeding were gastric ulcer in 9 (7%), Mallory-Weiss tear in 4 (3.1%), duodenal ulcer in 3 (2.3%), and multiple gastroduodenal erosions in 10 (7.8%). We used the characteristics of the clinical presentation (e.g., varix seen bleeding) and the known natural course of the variceal bleeding to attempt to define the site of bleeding in the group with more than one potential site. In 15 we could make a judgment as to the likely source: In 9 it was variceal and in 6 nonvariceal. When varices are seen at endoscopy in a patient with a major hemorrhage, they are responsible for the bleeding in greater than 80% of cases. PMID- 3497186 TI - Psychosocial risk and resistance factors among children with chronic illness, healthy siblings, and healthy controls. AB - Psychosocial risk and resistance factors within the domains of parental functioning, family stressors, and family resources were examined as predictors of psychological adjustment and physical problems in juvenile rheumatic disease patients (N = 93), their healthy siblings (N = 72), and demographically matched healthy controls (N = 93). Family socioeconomic status and background variables showed few consistent relationships with child functioning. However, a constellation of risk and resistance factors tended to show comparable associations with functioning for patients, siblings, and controls. Higher parental depression and medical symptoms and more family stressors, sibling problems, and burden of illness on the family predicted more problems among the patients. These relationships held when disease duration and severity were controlled. For the siblings, increased parental and patient dysfunction, more family stressors, and less family cohesion and expressiveness were associated with more problems. Although the associations were not as strong, mothers' depression and lack of family cohesion and expressiveness also were related to more adjustment problems among the control children. These findings imply that there may be a general association between certain risk and resistance factors and childhood adaptation. PMID- 3497188 TI - Epistaxis as a cause of hematemesis and melena. AB - Epistaxis was diagnosed in 10 patients with apparent upper gastrointestinal bleeding, comprising a 0.55% incidence of hematemesis and melena in the population studied. A sufficient amount of blood can be swallowed during epistaxis to cause hematemesis and melena. Recent facial trauma or epistaxis, absence of a history of chronic dyspepsia, and impairment of blood coagulation emerge as strong indicators of the diagnosis and should lead to a careful examination of the nose and nasopharynx for the source of bleeding. PMID- 3497189 TI - Esophageal perforation after fiberoptic variceal sclerotherapy. AB - Our experience and review of the literature suggests that perforation follows fiberoptic sclerotherapy at an incidence of 1-6% per patient. Perforation is delayed for 2-14 days after the procedure and is due to chemical necrosis of the esophageal wall. The risk of perforation is higher in Child's class C patients. The use of large volumes or high concentrations of sclerosant may increase the risk of perforation. To reduce this risk, we suggest a cautious approach to Child's class C patients, with no more than two sclerosis sessions during the first 2 weeks of treatment using less than or equal to 10 ml of 1.5% sodium tetradecyl sulfate per session. PMID- 3497191 TI - Theoretical prerequisites for an experimental corroboration of the existence of a specialized cellular system in control of multicellular organism tissue proliferation. AB - A theoretical analysis of cell proliferation as a selflimiting process designed to maintain the integrity of an entire multicellular organism and based on the principles of a "hypercycle" suggests the need for the existence, starting at a certain level of multicellular organization, of a specialized system in control of tissue proliferation, a system represented by a body of cells capable of both stimulating and inhibiting the proliferation of a variety of cell types. An analysis of experimental data in different fields of the biological science points to certain T-cell populations as probable candidate for the role of cellular regulators of tissue proliferation. Using as an example the induction of murine liver regeneration by the administration of CCL4, the author demonstrates the dynamics of the formation of cells stimulating and inhibiting regeneration, which conforms well to theoretical considerations. PMID- 3497190 TI - Hereditary multiple exostosis. A comparative human-equine-epidemiologic study. AB - Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), a bone tumor first described by Virchow, has been studied over a period of 15 years on a comparative basis. The horse, an excellent biomedical model for this physically deforming multiple bone tumor in man, has been utilized in this study. The etiology, hereditary pattern, potential for malignancy and other aspects of this strange affliction need additional clarification. This in-depth study of 261 individuals from 144 families was compared with that of 55 horses bearing the HME trait, selectively bred and studied over the same period. Important information has been collected and evaluated about this condition that is suspect of being frequently missed diagnostically, with a higher incidence in humans that recognized. Continuing development studies of offspring of the original study participants; sarcomatous transformation monitoring; and recently developed genetic techniques should add to our understanding of this puzzling hereditary condition. PMID- 3497192 TI - The role of T-system immunity in reparatory regeneration of the bone tissue in animals. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on mice (CBA X C57BL) X F1, thymectomized and irradiated by 800 R, with the haemopoietic system restored by bone marrow (B mice) that in these animals, as compared with the controls, the changes in cellular immunity (inhibition of natural killer cells and stimulation of individual functions of the phagocytizing cells) are accompanied by considerable inhibition of osteogenesis. Compensatory regeneration of broken thigh-bone in B mice is delayed by 5--10 days in various elements of the regenerated tissue in comparison with normal mice. Anatomical formation of the provisional callus in B mice is not completed on day 21 and approaches a 14-day regenerate of the controls. The obtained results suggest the participation of T-system immunity in the reparatory regeneration of bone tissue. PMID- 3497193 TI - Homing of antigen-specific T cells in the Lewis rat. I. Accumulation of antigen reactive cells in the perithymic lymph nodes. AB - A permanent ovalbumin-specific T cell line of "helper/inducer" cell phenotype (W 3/13+, W 3/25+, OX 8-) was used to study the homing pattern in normal untreated Lewis rats. After i.v. injection, the migration of these cells was followed directly by using 51Cr- or [14C]thymidine-labeled cells. In addition, I tried to retrieve the cells from different lymphatic tissues by antigen restimulation. I found that most of the radiolabeled cells migrate to the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen. Other lymphoid tissues such as the thymus and the cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes were almost devoid of such cells with one exception: the perithymic lymph nodes (pt-LN). Twenty-four hours after the cell transfer, viable antigen specific cells could be recovered from these organs. Within 9 days the pt-LN enlarged, the percentage of W 3/13+ and W 3/25+ T lymphocytes was enhanced, and both relatively high spontaneous and antigen-driven responses were measurable in cell cultures of these lymph nodes. All the effects were observed if viable but not irradiated antigen-specific T blasts were transferred. Moreover, after active immunization, antigen-reactive cells appeared to accumulate not only in the draining but also in the pt-LN. In both experimental situations, the adoptive transfer and the in vivo activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes, the pt-LN appear to play an important role in the homing of such cells. PMID- 3497194 TI - Interleukin 1 release by human monocytes treated with liposome-encapsulated lipopolysaccharide. AB - Liposome therapy offers a unique method of delivering antifungals, antiprotozoans, and macrophage-activating factors directly to reticuloendothelial cells. Although liposomes are entering clinical trials, their effect on Il 1 synthesis and release has yet to be determined. The beneficial, as well as possible pathological, effects of liposome therapy may be due to IL 1 released by reticuloendothelial cells. This study examined the effects of multilamellar phospholipid vesicles on the synthesis and release of IL 1 from human peripheral blood monocytes. Liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine in molar ratio of 7:3 did not stimulate IL 1 release, and did not diminish the level of IL 1 release when monocytes were subsequently stimulated with LPS or Staphylococcus aureus. Surprisingly, LPS encapsulated in liposomes failed to stimulate IL 1 release from monocytes. This defect was limited to the release of IL 1, because monocytes stimulated with liposomes containing LPS had control levels of intracellular (cytosolic) and membrane IL 1. By contrast, LPS associated with lyophilized liposomes induced the secretion of IL 1 and behaved similarly to free LPS. These findings indicate that LPS activation of monocytes may involve not only the synthesis of IL 1 but activation of the secretory mechanism for IL 1, and that these two events could be independent, that the density of LPS molecules at the surface of the liposome may influence the degree of monocyte activation as measured by intracellular IL 1 synthesis, membrane accumulation, and secretion into the medium, and that intracellular lipids may not interfere with the secretory mechanism, because liposomes made with phospholipids differing in acyl chain length or the headgroup behaved identically. PMID- 3497195 TI - High-efficiency purification and chemical characterization of B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4. AB - B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin 4, a lymphokine produced by phorbol ester activated-EL-4 thymoma cells, was purified to homogeneity in good yield by a two step purification procedure, using affinity chromatography and a single subsequent round of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The N terminal sequence of the first 24 amino acids was consistent with that inferred from the nucleotide sequence of BSF-1 cDNA clones. Amino acid composition analysis also agreed well with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. A rabbit antibody to a peptide corresponding to positions 100 to 113 inferred from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clones bound to BSF-1 purified from EL-4 cells. Purified BSF-1 possesses complex N-linked glycosidic side chains as shown by reduction in Mr from 20,000 to approximately 15,000 by endoglycosidase F but not by endoglycosidase H treatment. Removal of these N-linked sugars does not diminish the activity of BSF-1 as a costimulant in the response of B cells to anti-IgM. By contrast, the reduction of disulfide bonds completely destroyed biologic activity. A monoclonal antibody to BSF-1 blocks its binding to cellular receptors and inhibits biological activities, whereas antibody to the BSF-1 peptide (100-113) has neither effect. PMID- 3497196 TI - Recombinant interleukin 4 promotes the growth of human T cells. AB - Recently, we reported the isolation of a cDNA clone that encodes a polypeptide which has B cell and T cell growth factor activities. The amino acid sequence of this polypeptide deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clone showed significant homology with mouse B cell stimulating factor-1. Because of its multiple biologic activities, it was designated interleukin 4 (IL-4). Here we describe the effects of supernatants of Cos-7 mouse cells transfected with the IL 4 coding cDNA clone in a mammalian expression vector, on human thymocyte T cells and T cell clones. The T cell growth-promoting effect of IL-4 on preactivated T cells was not inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against IL-2 or the IL-2 receptor, indicating that the IL-4 activity is independent from IL-2 or the IL-2 receptor. IL-4 induces a low proliferative response in thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes, but the response was considerably enhanced by preactivation of the thymocytes or peripheral blood T cells. Both T4+ and T8+ antigen-specific proliferative and cytotoxic T cell clones and T3 natural killer clones proliferated in response to IL-4. But one of six T4+ and one of four T8+ T cell clones were consistently found to be unresponsive. The proliferative responses to IL-4 were always lower than those obtained with IL-2. Most of the T cell clones generally became unresponsive to IL-4 10 days after stimulation, but still responded well to IL-2. These results indicate that the responsiveness to IL-4 is relatively short lasting and is regulated by activation signals. Interestingly, IL-4 acted in synergy with IL-2 in promoting the growth of T cell clones. Our results establish that IL-4 can act as a T cell growth factor independently of IL 2. PMID- 3497198 TI - Site specific glycosylation patterns of H-2K: effects of allelic polymorphism and mitogenic stimulation. AB - The site-specific glycosylation patterns of two H-2K alleles, k and b, were determined on splenic T cells metabolically labeled with [3H]mannose. Cells from B10, B10.A, (B10 X B10.A)F1, and C3H mice were examined, along with the effect of short- (8 hr) and long-term (36 hr) mitogenic stimulation. For both glycosylation sites (Asn86 and Asn176) of both antigens, 80% of the structures consisted of mono- and bisialylated biantennary N-linked complex oligosaccharides, with the remaining consisting of smaller (probably high mannose) structures. Asn176 of both H-2Kk and H-2Kb contained the same ratio (2.8 to 1) of bi- to monosialylated chains. However, Asn86 of H-2Kb contained a higher ratio (5 to 1), while Asn86 of H-2Kk a lower ratio (1.5 to 1). This difference was seen on antigens isolated from cells of the parental strains as well as from the F1 cross. The glycosylation of H-2Kk did not vary between B10.A and C3H mice. Mitogenic stimulation increased markedly both total [3H]mannose incorporation and the spectrum of N-linked oligosaccharides labeled. For H-2Kk, it had no effect on sialylation, but resulted in a slight under galactosylation of the monosialylated structures at both sites. A comparison of the patterns seen here, determined on nontransformed T cells, with those previously determined on H-2Kk from a B lymphoma line, revealed marked differences in sialylation and branching patterns at both sites. These data indicate that glycosylation differences may be found between highly homologous (91%) alleles of an H-2 gene, even when co-dominantly expressed by F1 cells; however, the patterns do change with mitogenic stimulation, and between normal and transformed cells. PMID- 3497197 TI - Characterization of a B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor produced by a human B cell line established from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A human B cell line, TKS-1, which was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, was found to spontaneously produce a factor which enhances the activity of interleukin 1 (IL-1). This factor, designated B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor (BGEF), enhanced IL-1-induced proliferation of peanut agglutinin nonagglutinated thymocytes. BGEF also enhanced IL-1-induced production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by both thymocytes and a human T cell clone, HSB.2 C5B2. BGEF alone did not induce the production of IL-2. BGEF failed to induce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent T cell clone, and did not enhance its response to IL-2. The activity of BGEF was not blocked by antisera against human IL-1-alpha or human IL-1-beta. Gel filtration analysis revealed that BGEF has a m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 in its native state. We concluded that BGEF differed from IL-1 and IL-2, but is a novel factor produced by TKS-1 cells. In addition, we found that partially purified B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced factors which enhanced the activity of IL-1. PMID- 3497199 TI - Activation of murine T lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies: detection on Lyt 2+ cells of an antigen not associated with the T cell receptor complex but involved in T cell activation. AB - A new T cell molecule defined by the mAb 143-4-2 has been identified that is involved in T cell activation. The expression of the 143-4-2-defined epitope is linked to the previously characterized Ly-6 locus and restricted to bone marrow cells and to a subset of peripheral Lyt-2+ cells. In comparison to other anti-Ly 6.2 mAb, the 143-4-2 mAb appears to be directed at an allogeneic determinant of the Ly-6.2C molecule. The anti-Ly-6.2C antibody can promote the lysis of antigen non-bearing target cells by alloreactive CTL clones, and in the presence of cofactors (PMA or IL 2) induces a subset of Lyt-2+ cells to proliferate, perhaps through an autocrine pathway. Although the antibody described has antigen-like effects as described for anti-TcR complex reagents, studies performed with a recently derived anti-murine T3 mAb suggest that the Ly-6.2C molecule is not associated on the cell surface with components of the TcR complex. Nevertheless, cell surface expression of the TcR complex is required for optimal triggering of T cells via the Ly-6.2C molecule. Because Ly-6.2C determinants are expressed in bone marrow and not in the thymus, the possibility is considered that expression of this molecule identifies a distinct subset of extrathymically derived T cells. PMID- 3497200 TI - Idiotype vaccines against human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. I. Generation and characterization of biologically active monoclonal anti-idiotopes. AB - A murine monoclonal anti-tumor antibody termed SN2 (Ab1), isotype IgG1-kappa, that defines a unique human T cell leukemia-associated cell-surface glycoprotein, gp37 (m.w. 37,000), was used to generate monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (Ab2) in syngeneic BALB/c mice. The Ab2 were screened on the basis of their binding to the F(ab')2 fragments of SN2 and not to the F(ab')2 of pooled normal BALB/c mice sera IgG1 or to an unrelated BALB/c monoclonal antibody of the same isotype. Fifteen Ab2, obtained from two fusions, were specific for the SN2 idiotope and not against isotype or allotype determinants. To find out whether these Ab2 are directed against the paratope of SN2, the binding of radiolabeled SN2 to leukemic MOLT-4 and JM cells which contain gp37 as a surface constituent was studied in the presence of these anti-idiotopes. Clone 4EA2 inhibited the binding 100% at a concentration of 50 ng and 4DC6 inhibited 90% at a concentration of 250 ng. A third clone 4DD6 gave about 50% inhibition. Similar was the inhibition of SN2 binding to insolubilized MOLT-4 antigen or cell membrane preparation. The binding of SN2 (Ab1) to 4EA2 and 4DC6 was also inhibited by semipurified preparation of gp37 antigen. These results demonstrate that at least two of the anti-idiotope antibodies are binding either at or near the binding site idiotope of SN2. Next, the purified Ab2 was used to immunize syngeneic mice to induce antibody binding to MOLT-4 cells or gp37. Sera from mice immunized with 4EA2 and 4DC6 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin contained antibodies which bind to semipurified gp37 antigen and MOLT-4 cells. Immune sera inhibited the binding of iodinated Ab2 and Ab1 indicating that an anti-anti idiotopic antibody (Ab3) in mice shares idiotopes with Ab1 (SN2). Also, the binding of iodinated Ab2 to Ab1 was inhibited by rabbit antisera specific for gp37. Collectively, these data suggest that anti-idiotype antibodies 4EA2 and 4DC6 may be useful in the generation of idiotype vaccines against human T cell leukemia. PMID- 3497201 TI - The most efficient cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the least susceptible to lysis. PMID- 3497202 TI - Proliferative and cytotoxic T cells to AIDS virus glycoproteins in chimpanzees immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing AIDS virus envelope glycoproteins. AB - PBL from chimpanzees immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses HIV envelope glycoproteins ("env"), were found to proliferate after stimulation with HIV or with "env". Furthermore, CTL clones lytic for autologous target cells expressing HIV envelope glycoproteins were generated after stimulation of the chimpanzees' PBL with "env", indicating that immunization of these primates with a recombinant vaccinia virus primes HIV-specific CTL and also that HIV envelope glycoproteins serve as target antigens for CTL. PMID- 3497203 TI - Assays to detect monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 3497204 TI - Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - A series of hybridoma cell lines which produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) have been established by fusion of murine myeloma cell line P3-NS1-1-AG4-1 and spleen cells of BALB/c mice which had been immunized with rIL-2. 48 hybridoma strains were selected by a solid phase screening method which produced MAbs reacting with IL-2: four MAbs, L-15, L 20, L-34, and L-61, exhibited strong inhibition of the proliferating effect of rIL-2 on IL-2-dependent cell lines, NK7 and CTLL-2. L-61, the most potent MAb among them, also neutralized natural human IL-2, while the other three MAbs were unreactive. All the four MAbs were specific to human IL-2: they did not cross react with mouse or rat IL-2. These MAbs are expected to be useful tools in the investigation of IL-2 function. PMID- 3497206 TI - An ELISA for anti-thymocyte autoantibody in NZB mice. Comparison with the cytotoxic assay. AB - An ELISA is described for the detection of anti-thymocyte antibody found in the serum of NZB autoimmune mice. This assay avoids the disadvantages of previous assay techniques which require carefully selected complement sources and/or radioactive labelled target cells. Thymocytes from a variety of strains of mice can be used as the antigenic targets, and the plates stored as long as 1 month. The lymphoma line EL4 can be used as the antigenic target in this assay, but it not as sensitive to most serum pools as thymocytes. PMID- 3497205 TI - Increased yields of IL-2 in media conditioned by MLA 144 cells. AB - The gibbon leukaemia cell line MLA 144 produces IL-2 constitutively, and has been used as a source of IL-2 for the in vitro growth of T cells from a range of species. We have tried to increase the amount of IL-2 present in conditioned medium produced by this cell line, by manipulating the growth conditions and using compounds known to increase IL-2 production in other cell lines. We found that conditioned media containing a higher amount of IL-2 could be obtained from 72 h cultures of MLA 144 cells originally seeded at 4 X 10(5) cells/ml in DMEM containing 10% FBS and supplemented with 2-ME at 5 X 10(-5) M and PMA at 10 ng/ml. PMID- 3497207 TI - Quantitation of human interleukin-1 beta with polyclonal antibodies. AB - Polyclonal antisera to human recombinant interleukin-1 beta have been developed in rabbits and mice. When measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunoassays, the antisera bound rIL-1 beta in a dose-dependent manner but did not bind to rIL-1 alpha or murine rIL-1. Both antisera specifically neutralized thymocyte activation induced by rIL-1 beta or normal monocyte IL-1 and growth inhibition induced by rIL-1 beta. The antiserum specificities led us to examine a double antibody ELISA for quantitating IL-1 beta. The linear portion of the standard curve from an ELISA against rIL-1 beta ranged from 0.5 to 10.0 half-maximal units of [3H]thymidine incorporation in mouse thymocyte cultures. A similar correlation was observed using monocyte derived IL-1 from two sources. The major result of this work was the observation that polyclonal antibodies made against a recombinant molecule also recognized natural IL-1. We suggest that these antisera recognize epitopes unique to IL-1 beta which reside at or near regions of the molecule responsible for biological activity. PMID- 3497208 TI - Volvulus neonatorum without malrotation. PMID- 3497209 TI - Molecular Epidemiology of multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b in day care centers. AB - We studied the molecular epidemiology of multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b in four day care centers after each had a case of invasive infection due to organisms resistant to four or more antibiotics. Colonization rates among 174 childhood contacts and 27 employees of the four separate day care centers were 28% in children (range, 13.5%-43.7%) and 22% (range, 18.7%-33.0%) in employees. All strains were type b, were biotype I, were type 12 by isoenzyme analysis, and harbored plasmids whose mass was 45 or 52 megadaltons. Restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that the plasmids were closely related to one another but that there were at least three distinct plasmids. The four index strains had two different outer membrane protein profiles and three distinct plasmid restriction patterns; an additional outer membrane protein profile and plasmid restriction pattern were found in carrier strains. PMID- 3497210 TI - Immune response to Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide in infants with Haemophilus meningitis. PMID- 3497211 TI - Antigenic mimicry between measles virus and human T lymphocytes. PMID- 3497212 TI - In vitro granuloma formation in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 3497213 TI - Antitumor effect of recombinant murine interferon-beta against mouse malignant glioma. AB - A study was made on the antitumor effect of recombinant murine interferon-beta (rMuIFN-beta) against virus-induced mouse malignant glioma. In in vitro experiments, a dose-dependent and a time-dependent manner were observed for 24 h in the antiproliferative activity of rMuIFN-beta. In in vitro experiments, the growth of subcutaneously transplanted gliomas in mice treated with intraperitoneal administration of rMuIFN-beta was inhibited slightly, whereas, with intratumoral administration, it was inhibited more effectively. In immunological studies, natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities of spleen cells were enhanced with intraperitoneal administration of rMuIFN-beta. The analysis of IFN-induced change in a subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a decrease of Thy.1,2-positive cells and an increase in the ratio of Lyt.1/Lyt.2-positive cells. But these immunological effects of rMuIFN-beta declined on the 7th day with daily administration. Such hyporeactivity may be noteworthy for the clinical application of IFN. PMID- 3497214 TI - [Clinical implication of plasma PMN elastase (alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor elastase complex) in patients with early stage of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 3497215 TI - [Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria following trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in a lung cancer case treated by radiation therapy]. PMID- 3497217 TI - Legal and ethical duties of health care professionals to incarcerated children. PMID- 3497216 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon. PMID- 3497218 TI - Incompetency for execution. The Supreme Court challenges the ethical standards of the mental health professions. PMID- 3497219 TI - Medical malpractice crisis the second time around. Why not arbitrate? PMID- 3497220 TI - Liability for medical education. PMID- 3497221 TI - Patient monitoring in the conservative management of cervical radiculopathy. AB - With increasing frequency, concern is being raised by nonmanipulating health professionals over the use of manual procedures in the cervical spine. With respect to treatment of radicular syndromes secondary to discogenic spondylosis, the potential for occasional iatrogenic complications must be an "a priori" consideration. Illustrated with the data from case presentation, conservative therapeutic management utilizing electrodiagnostic monitoring in questionable cases is discussed. Anecdotal improvement in median nerve F-wave function following conservative treatment including spinal manipulation is presented. PMID- 3497222 TI - Cytotoxic T cell specificity for respiratory syncytial virus proteins: fusion protein is an important target antigen. AB - We examined the specificity of BALB/c cytotoxic T (Tc) cells for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) components, using recombinant vaccinia viruses (VV) coding for several individual RSV proteins. We found that immunization with the different VVs yielded the following Tc memory cell populations: high levels of RSV-specific Tc cells were induced with the fusion protein VV, but low levels were induced with VV coding for the RSV nucleoprotein. Tc cell recognition of attachment glycoprotein, part of the matrix molecule or 1A internal protein was poor. While high levels of fusion protein-specific Tc cells were induced by the fusion protein VV, they showed poor cross-reactivity between the A2 and 8/60 RSV strains compared with Tc cells primed by RSV infection. PMID- 3497223 TI - [Genetic aspects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - The variability of clinical and biological expression of the 21 OH hydroxylase deficiency is likely to be related to genetical variability. Beside the well known autosomic recessive mode of inheritance the frequencies of the different forms of the disease, especially the classical and late onset form, have been more precisely defined through neonatal screening programs for the classical form which lead to a frequency of about 1 case/20,000 with a calculated gene frequency around 1/140. The linkage with the major histocompatibility complex allows the location of the putative locus of the 21 OH ase on the short arm of the chromosome 6 in the class III of the MHC. This linkage has made possible a better fetal diagnosis even if some pitfalls as recombination must be kept in mind. On the basis of clinical conditions the abnormal genes are likely to be considered as an allelic series with a least two main types of pathological alleles: the "severe" and "moderate". During the last two years, taking advantages of molecular gene biology, the structure of the normal human 21 OH ase gene has been studied. It exists as duplicate genes in close relation with the gene of the fourth component of the complement. A deletion of one of the copy has been demonstrated in the form associated with the BW47 MHC haplotype. It is likely that during the coming years genetical heterogeneity will be demonstrated as it has been for other genetic diseases as thalassemia. PMID- 3497224 TI - In situ hybridization of human immunodeficiency virus (HTLV-III) in cryostat sections of lymph nodes of lymphadenopathy syndrome patients. AB - The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, or HTLV-III) genome sequence was investigated by means of in situ hybridization in cryostat sections of lymph nodes from lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) patients. The technique employed involved the modification of the DNA probe by chemical insertion of an antigenic sulfone group in cytosine moieties and the visualization of DNA by a double antibody immunohistochemical reaction. The hybrid formation was revealed in five out of ten cases: in all positive samples, HIV was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of lymph node cells. The method of in situ hybridization described in the present paper is specific and has some advantages if compared with other techniques based on the use of DNA probes labelled with radioisotopes or biotin by nick translation. PMID- 3497225 TI - Synaptic competition and the persistence of polyneuronal innervation at frog neuromuscular junctions. AB - Mechanisms governing the elimination of polyneuronal innervation were examined by correlating the morphology and physiology of competing nerve terminals at identified dually innervated neuromuscular junctions in sartorius muscles of adult frogs (Rana pipiens). Synaptic efficacy (endplate potential amplitude per unit nerve terminal length) was presumed to reflect the ability of a terminal to compete for synaptic space. The synaptic efficacies of two terminals at the same synaptic site were found to be surprisingly equal, with a median difference of 33%. Much more variation would be expected if dually innervated junctions were randomly innervated by pairs of terminals having the same range of synaptic efficacy as that found at singly innervated junctions in the same muscle. This finding supports the hypothesis that the weaker input is eliminated from dually innervated junctions when there is a large discrepancy in competitive efficacy, and that both inputs may persist if competitive efficacies are relatively equal. We also tested but failed to find support for the hypothesis that spatial proximity between competing terminals intensifies competition for synaptic space during synapse elimination. PMID- 3497226 TI - Lack of selectivity between the uptake of [3H]adrenaline and [3H]noradrenaline into rat hypothalamic slices. AB - The uptake of [3H]adrenaline and [3H]noradrenaline into rat hypothalamic slices was compared for determination of whether adrenaline uptake was independent of uptake into noradrenergic neurones. Kinetic analysis revealed a similar high affinity uptake process for both adrenaline and noradrenaline, with Km and Vmax values within similar ranges. These uptakes were inhibited by desipramine and maprotiline in a dose-dependent manner, but the selective dopamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors benztropine and fluoxetine, respectively, were without effect. Competition for uptake sites by unlabelled adrenaline with [3H]adrenaline and [3H]-noradrenaline and by unlabelled noradrenaline with [3H] adrenaline and [3H]noradrenaline was very similar. Lesioning of the major adrenaline-containing cell group (C1 cell group) decreased the hypothalamic adrenaline concentration but had no effect on hypothalamic [3H]adrenaline or [3H]noradrenaline uptake. The results suggest that exogenous adrenaline is largely taken up by high-affinity sites on noradrenergic nerve terminals. PMID- 3497227 TI - Dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease: cerebral glucose metabolism. AB - Cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRGlu), measured by positron emission tomography, was bilaterally and symmetrically reduced in two patients with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Supramarginal gyri and temporal lobes were most severely affected. An isolated reduction of CMRGlu in the left supramarginal gyrus was observed in one asymptomatic at-risk subject. PMID- 3497228 TI - A reassessment of the risk of multiple sclerosis developing in patients with optic neuritis after extended follow-up. AB - One hundred and one of 146 patients presenting with isolated idiopathic optic neuritis, previously reviewed in 1978, were reassessed clinically, and retyped for HLA antigens and Factor B alleles, after a mean follow-up of 11.6 years. Fifty eight patients (57%) had developed multiple sclerosis at the time of reassessment in the present study, of whom 51 (88%) had clinically definite disease. This compared with 40% of the original group, in 1978, of whom 62% then had clinically definite multiple sclerosis. When the life-table method of analysis was used, the probability of developing multiple sclerosis was 75%, 15 years after the initial episode of optic neuritis. The frequencies of HLA-DR2 and the recently defined D-region antigen, DQw1, were significantly increased in patients with isolated optic neuritis and those who subsequently developed multiple sclerosis compared with normal controls, but neither allele appears to influence progression from optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis. Patients with optic neuritis who were HLA-DR3 positive had an increased risk for the development of multiple sclerosis (RR = 2.8) and this risk was further enhanced when DR3 occurred in combination with DR2 (RR = 6.7). The overall increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis for patients with this combination was 26 times that for the normal population. When the patients' original tissue-typing was considered BT 101 no longer influenced conversion of optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis. This may partly be explained by improved methods of tissue-typing, since not all BT 101 patients were subsequently found to be positive for HLA-DR2 or HLA-DQw1 and vice versa and by extended follow-up as multiple sclerosis conversion in HLA-DR2 negative individuals increased with time. All 101 patients were typed for Factor B alleles. No significant differences in frequencies were found between individuals with isolated optic neuritis or those who progressed to multiple sclerosis compared with the control population. Recurrent episodes of optic neuritis were associated with an increased risk for the development of multiple sclerosis in this study. PMID- 3497229 TI - Relation of measured brain glucose utilisation and cerebral atrophy in man. AB - The effect of cerebral atrophy on measured cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRglc), as determined with positron emission tomography (PET), was examined in 49 healthy males aged 21-83 years. Global CMRglc and regional CMRglc for 34 grey matter regions parallel to and from 30 to 80 mm above the inferior orbital meatal (IOM) line were measured under resting conditions, using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and an ECAT II positron emission tomograph. Using a GE 8800 CT/T scanner, slices parallel to and from 30 to 80 mm above the IOM line were analysed for CSF volume. Cerebral atrophy, indicated by increased CSF volume, was correlated significantly with global CMRglc, but accounted for no more than 13% of the variance in the CMRglc measurements. Methods for correcting for inter-subject variation in CSF volume were proposed. Global values for CMRglc, uncorrected or corrected for CSF volume, were found to be age invariant. These findings indicate that (a) cerebral atrophy has a small, but statistically significant effect on CMRglc as measured with PET; (b) CMRglc is age invariant in healthy males. PMID- 3497230 TI - Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by retinoic acid. AB - Administration of retinoic acid (RA) prevented the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. RA suspended in corn oil was given for 3 days before the expected onset of the disease to rats immunized with myelin and to controls. The drug suppressed the neurological symptoms as well as the perivascular infiltrates observed in vehicle-treated animals. The results indicate that under these experimental conditions, RA has immunosuppressive activity by interfering with the efferent phase of the immune response. PMID- 3497231 TI - Spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage. AB - Twenty-one patients with spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were reviewed with particular reference to the clinical outcome. Based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) findings, as well as possible mechanisms governing the formation of IVH, we were able to identify two separate groups: patients with haemorrhage into ventricles without clinical or CT evidence of a lesion in adjacent brain parenchyma and patients with IVH occurring as a result of erosion of the ventricular wall by either a juxtaventricular small haematoma shown by CT and/or IVH with focal neurological deficit. Out of 12 patients in the first group, 8 survived and resumed their previous activities; in the second group (i.e. patients with clinical and/or CT evidence of adjacent intraparenchymal bleeding only three patients survived, two with considerable handicap. The overall prognosis, however, was significantly better in patients with IVH of unknown cause. Altered sensorium as an initial presentation was associated with a grave prognosis, irrespective of the cause of IVH. The outcome was not affected by the age of patient or the amount of blood within the ventricles. Our data suggest a favourable outcome in a relatively large percentage of patients with spontaneous IVH, if there is no clinical or CT evidence of concomitant parenchymal bleeding. Hence we question the notion that there is a grave prognosis in all kinds of IVH. PMID- 3497232 TI - Epilepsy surgery improves regional glucose metabolism on PET scan. A case report. AB - A patient with medically intractable complex partial epilepsy was evaluated for epilepsy surgery by electro-encephalograph recording with depth electrodes and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). A small calcified arteriovenous malformation was excised from the left parietal lobe, and the patient became seizure free. Baseline and language stimulation PET scans were obtained preoperatively and 10 months postoperatively. There was a significant increase in glucose metabolism of the left temporal lobe postoperatively, which we interpret as evidence of improved neuronal function. We suggest that this case represents evidence for a functional, and reversible, inhibition of neuronal metabolism by epileptic activity. PMID- 3497234 TI - A data acquisition system for clinical research. AB - We developed a system for automatic collection and synchronization of multiple physiological variables during clinical investigations. Centered around an eight track instrumentation tape recorder, the system solves several problems encountered in gathering this type of research data: (1) slowly changing variables are digitized and compressed onto a single track by recording them in one serial message, allowing for recording many more variables than there are tape tracks available; (2) simultaneous analog recording allows retention of original data for variables that may be processed subsequently by multiple schemes; (3) data acquisition is verified with both analog chart recording and numerical video display monitors; (4) off-line computer processing time is decreased at least twofold by using tape playback speeds faster than the recording speed; (5) cost is kept low by using an inexpensive 1/4-inch (0.64-cm) tape medium and dedicated microcomputers; and (6) the system is unobtrusive, portable, and easily reconfigured for different clinical studies. It proved to be reliable in a study of more than 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. PMID- 3497233 TI - Comparative analysis of regional brain blood flow and glucose metabolism in focal cerebrovascular disease measured by dynamic positron emission tomography of fluorine-18-labelled tracers. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) were measured in 44 patients with various kinds of focal vascular brain lesions, using multislice positron emission tomography (PET). Haemodynamic data were obtained by a recently developed, non-invasive clearance method utilizing (18F)-methyl fluoride as a diffusible, gaseous indicator. Shortly after completion of each flow study, rCMRglc was dynamically determined by standard procedures using 2(18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose. While blood flow and glucose consumption in the structurally damaged area were often uncoupled during the acute phase, metabolism to-flow ratios were markedly less scattered at later stages of cerebrovascular disease. Individual maximum-likelihood cluster analysis of brain regions revealed remarkable similarity between deactivation patterns of rCBF and rCMRglc, with Tanimoto coefficients averaging 0.56. This similarity was inversely related to the residual rCMRglc of the lesion. These findings are in line with results obtained by PET of other tracers, suggesting that the pair of methods provides valuable and somewhat complementary information on brain function and mechanisms of cerebral vascular disease. PMID- 3497235 TI - Voltage dependence of membrane properties of trigeminal root ganglion neurons. AB - 1. Membrane potentials of trigeminal root ganglion neurons were varied systematically by intracellular injections of long-lasting step currents to determine the voltage dependence of their membrane electrical properties. The complex impedance and impedance magnitude functions were first determined using oscillatory input currents superimposed on these step currents. 2. Systematic step variations in the membrane potential led to qualitative changes in the impedance magnitude functions. Depolarization of neurons exhibiting resonance at their initial resting membrane potentials resulted in a reduction in the resonance behavior. Hyperpolarization of these neurons to membrane potentials of about -80 to -90 mV led to a disappearance of the resonant peak but increased the maximum of the impedance magnitude. 3. The complex impedance data were fitted with a neuronal model derived from linearized Hodgkin-Huxley-like equations, yielding estimates for the membrane properties. The four parameters of the model were 1) a time invariant, resting membrane conductance, Gr, 2) a voltage- and time-dependent conductance, GL, 3) a time constant, tau u, for the unknown ionic channels that are activated by the 2- to 5-mV oscillatory perturbation of the stepped membrane potential, and 4) Ci, the input capacitance. 4. The results of the curve-fitting procedures suggested that all parameters depended on membrane voltage. The most voltage-dependent parameters were GL and tau u throughout a 25- to 30-mV range that was subthreshold to the production of action potentials. Both Gr and GL increased with subthreshold depolarization. 5. These impedance data suggest the very important role of the membrane potential of the trigeminal root ganglion neurons on their abilities to synthesize and filter inputted electrical signals. PMID- 3497236 TI - Modifications in membrane properties of trigeminal sensory neurons during general anesthesia. AB - 1. The effects of general anesthesia on passive and active membrane properties of trigeminal root ganglion neurons of decerebrate guinea pigs have been determined using frequency-domain analyses of small-amplitude perturbations of membrane voltage. Quantification of the effects was accomplished by fitting the complex impedance locus diagrams computed from the neuronal responses with a membrane model based on linearized Hodgkin-Huxley-like equations. 2. Endotracheal administrations of isoflurane (2-3% for periods of 30-180 s), the most extensively studied of five general anesthetics, did not elicit large changes in membrane potential or in electrical properties in 26 of the 38 neurons. In this relatively unresponsive group, application of isoflurane in higher concentrations (3-4%) tended to evoke small but significant changes (less than 20%) in membrane properties without altering membrane potential by greater than 5 mV. These changes consisted of increases in the effective input capacitance and input conductance. 3. The impedance magnitude functions were reduced in amplitude consistently in 12 of the 38 neurons during induction of general anesthesia with isoflurane (2-4%) or, in several cases, with halothane (2%). Such applications evoked depolarizations of 8-32 mV, which also were observed in several instances of anesthesia with enflurane and cyclopropane. Quantification of these effects on electrical properties by curve fitting with the linearized Hodgkin-Huxley model revealed increases in the effective input capacitance, in the time-invariant resting conductance, Gr, and in the voltage- and time-dependent conductance, GL. Sometimes, an initial decrease preceded the increase of Gr, and the relaxation time constant associated with GL usually was reduced by the anesthetic agent in the 12 neurons. 4. In 10 neurons, membrane resonance behavior (which was apparent as a large hump at low frequencies of the impedance magnitude functions) was reduced in amplitude, as well as broadened in bandwidth, when peak changes in membrane properties were evident, i.e., during surgical or deep anesthesia. These actions of isoflurane or halothane were correlated to a reduction in spike electrogenesis and they may account for the reduced tendency of neurons to fire repetitive action potentials during anesthesia with isoflurane or halothane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3497237 TI - Comparison of high-resolution MRI and SPECT bone scintigraphy for noninvasive imaging of the temporomandibular joint. AB - Prospective evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and planar bone scintigraphy was undertaken in 31 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 21 symptomatic patients. When compared with the results of subsequent arthrography, MRI (0.88) was more sensitive than SPECT (0.76) or planar (0.56) scintigraphy for detection of internal derangement of the TMJ. A diagnostic sensitivity of 0.96 was achieved when the results of either MRI or SPECT was considered evidence of internal joint derangement. Five symptomatic TMJs, clinically thought to be abnormal, were positive on SPECT but showed no evidence of anterior disk displacement at the time of arthrography. In such instances, SPECT may be detecting functionally significant altered joint mechanics that are not evident on anatomic imaging of the TMJ. PMID- 3497238 TI - Evaluation of SPECT angular sampling effects: continuous versus step-and-shoot acquisition. AB - In order to understand the angular dependence of reconstructed images, a "hot rod" phantom was simulated with six rod sizes ranging from 12.7 mm to 4.8 mm, arranged in 60 degree sectors. This simulation was used to evaluate changes caused by increasing the number of views from 60 to 180 and to compare results to published angular sampling requirements. Also, a comparison was made of step-and shoot and continuous data acquisition modes. Experimental phantom data were taken for three acquisition modes and for two levels of image statistics and compared with the simulation. This study shows the effects of angular aliasing and that image quality generally improves with increasing views even if total image counts are reduced. Despite smoothing effects, a continuous (180 view) scan is, in most cases, the preferred acquisition mode because it offers the highest angular sampling, as well as maximum counting efficiency. PMID- 3497239 TI - Estimation of left ventricular mass in normal and infarcted canine hearts using thallium-201 SPECT. AB - A new automated edge detection program has been developed to estimate left ventricular mass from single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) 201Tl images and 14 dogs were studied. Six of the 14 dogs underwent imaging before and 5 hr after coronary artery occlusion with a closed-chest technique. True left ventricular mass was determined at time of killing within 1 hr of the last 201Tl study. Left ventricular mass determined by tomography correlated well with autopsy left ventricular mass (r = 0.94; p less than 0.001, s.e.e. = 5.9 g) over a range of 62-156 g. The intraobserver variation between repeated measurements of the same SPECT study yielded an r = 0.99; p less than 0.0001; s.e.e. = 2.3 g. The reproducibility of the mass determination was assessed in four animals with two studies performed 10-14 days apart. The estimate of left ventricular mass from the two studies were highly correlated (r = 0.98; p less than 0.001) with a mean absolute difference of 4 g (3.3%). In the six dogs with a control and postinfarct study the mean total left ventricular mass by 201Tl tomography varied by less than 3.8% (r = 0.89; p less than 0.001). In conclusion, tomographic imaging with 201Tl can define left ventricular mass accurately and reproducibly in the dog model. The ability of this 201Tl tomographic left ventricular mass program to measure both normal and infarcted tissue accurately suggests the possibility of documenting interventions designed to alter left ventricular mass and of sizing acute infarcts and assessing interventions that may alter acute infarct size. PMID- 3497240 TI - Metabolic fate of radiolabeled palmitate in ischemic canine myocardium: implications for positron emission tomography. AB - Interpretation of dynamic and integrated myocardial tomograms requires elucidation of the biochemical fate of the tracer and characterization of its tissue distribution and rate of efflux. The fate of [1-11C] and [1-14C]palmitate was studied in 13 open-chest dogs during control or ischemic extracorporeal perfusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. Residue detection of myocardial radioactivity, and radio-biochemical analyses of sequential transmural biopsies and arterial and coronary venous effluent were performed for 30 min after intracoronary bolus administration of tracer. In control hearts, 10.3% of initially extracted tracer was retained in tissue (2.9% in triglyceride, 3.5% in phospholipid, and 3.9% in other lipid and aqueous fractions), 73.7% was oxidized, and 16.1% back-diffused unaltered. With ischemia (pump flow 10% of normal), 28.1% was retained (18% in triglyceride, 6.0% in phospholipid, and 4.1% in other lipid and aqueous fractions), 27.2% was oxidized, and 44.4% back diffused (p less than 0.05 compared to control). Throughout the 30-min study interval, triglyceride, diglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid comprised a significantly greater fraction of initially extracted radioactivity in ischemic than in control hearts. Thus, during ischemia externally detected clearance rates cannot be used as a direct measure of fatty acid metabolism because of marked influences on efflux of nonmetabolized radiolabeled palmitate and the distribution of tracer retained in tissue. Quantitative measurements of specific metabolic processes by tomography will require development and validation of tracers confined to individual metabolic pathways or pools. PMID- 3497241 TI - Growth and DNA synthesis of folate- and methionine-depleted L1210 mouse leukemia cells in culture. AB - The growth and DNA synthesis of L1210 mouse leukemia cells were examined under folate- and methionine-deficient conditions. Cell proliferation was dependent on methionine supplementation rather than on folate concentration. The UdR suppression value was abnormally high in the folate-deficient condition. However, it was also high when the methionine was low, despite folate supplementation. In accordance with this, UdR incorporation was significantly improved with various folates by cells grown in low-methionine conditions. Methionine depletion resulted in marked impairment of UdR incorporation regardless of folate concentration. These findings indicate close metabolic interrelations between folate and methionine, which may be relevant to the pathological biochemistry of human megaloblastic anemia. PMID- 3497243 TI - Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP)-induced changes in chick embryonic calvaria in vitro. PMID- 3497242 TI - Effect of milk protein and fat intake on blood pressure and the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). AB - The intake of two milk protein-rich diets containing casein and whey protein attenuated the development of severe hypertension in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), and extended their life span in comparison with SHRSP on a regular stock diet. Milk fat-rich diet intake reduced the incidence of cerebrovascular disease in SHRSP without a significant fall in blood pressure. These results suggest that certain milk components have a preventive effect on hypertension and cerebrovascular disease in SHRSP. PMID- 3497244 TI - Preliminary report on the biopsychosocial effects of interleukin-2 cancer therapy. PMID- 3497246 TI - [Reliability of percutaneous stimulation method for degeneration test of the facial nerve]. PMID- 3497245 TI - Use of deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin in a patient with moderate von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3497247 TI - [Cervico-vestibular interaction in the control of eye movements]. PMID- 3497248 TI - The evolution of a roots daughter. PMID- 3497249 TI - Transmission of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in day care settings. AB - We prospectively studied the risk of secondary transmission of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease among children in day care in Oklahoma. We established a statewide surveillance system for the reporting of all forms of invasive Hib disease from physicians, clinical laboratories, county health departments, and infection control practitioners from all hospitals in and bordering Oklahoma. For the 2-year period March 15, 1984, to March 15, 1986, there were 409 culture-confirmed cases of invasive Hib disease in children 12 years of age or younger; 147 (37%) case-patients attended day care. When a case patient attended day care during the week before illness, we prospectively identified and observed all classroom contacts (n = 2147) for the next 60 days. Of 1253 classroom contacts younger than 4 years of age, seven (0.6%) secondary cases were identified. Isolates from all paired index and secondary cases had identical outer membrane protein (OMP) patterns. Strains causing primary disease were indistinguishable by OMP distribution from those causing secondary disease. Of 685 classroom contacts younger than 2 years of age from whom rifampin use was ascertained, five (1.7%) of 292 who did not receive rifampin became secondary cases, compared with one (0.3%) of 393 who received rifampin (rate ratio 6.7; 95% confidence limits 1.1, 42.5; P less than 0.05). Of 495 classroom contacts 24 to 47 months of age for whom rifampin use was ascertained, one (0.5%) of 194 who did not receive rifampin became a secondary case, compared with none of 301 who received rifampin. This experience indicates that secondary transmission of invasive Hib disease can be appreciable in day care settings, particularly in children younger than 2 years of age, and that rifampin prophylaxis reduces this risk. PMID- 3497250 TI - Granulocyte elastase-alpha 1-antiproteinase complex in cystic fibrosis: sensitive plasma assay for monitoring pulmonary infections. AB - Elastase in plasma was determined as a complex of granulocyte elastase and alpha 1-antiproteinase (GEC) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 67 patients with cystic fibrosis. The patients were observed for 1 years, when clinically infected and noninfected. Although noninfected patients had GEC levels within the normal range, the mean value was significantly higher than the mean values in patients in an optimal noninfectious state (P less than 0.01) and in healthy controls (P less than 0.001). Clinical signs of (in most cases) low-grade infection were paralleled by significant increases in GEC levels (P less than 0.001). There was no correlation with different types of bacteria or age of patients. No cross reaction to Pseudomonas elastase could be found in vitro or in vivo. Significant decreases of GEC values were seen after intravenously administered antimicrobial therapy (P less than 0.001), and although the white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were rarely increased above the normal range, they decreased congruently (P less than 0.001), and lung function improved (P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of GEC was significantly higher than that for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P less than 0.01) and white blood cell count (P less than 0.05). Determination of GEC values seems to be a simple and sensitive measurement for monitoring treatment in cystic fibrosis, especially of low-grade infections in patients with normal standard blood tests. PMID- 3497251 TI - Recreational use of psychoactive drugs by patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - We assessed unprescribed psychoactive drug use in 173 adults with cystic fibrosis. Twenty (11%) regularly smoked tobacco. Cigarette smoking ranged from 1 to 30 years (2 to 60 pack-years). Alcohol was used by 60%, and marijuana by 20% of the patients. Pulmonary symptoms were often increased the day after alcohol ingestion. Alcohol occasionally caused nausea, vomiting, and headache if the patient was taking some cephalosporin derivatives (such as cefsulodine) or chloramphenicol. Marijuana often aggravated chronic pulmonary symptoms, although some patients reported transient relief during use. Comparison with a retrospectively selected control group did not show faster short-term pulmonary deterioration in the tobacco smokers. Physicians who deal with cystic fibrosis and other chronic illnesses should be cognizant of interactions of unprescribed and prescribed drugs. Recreational use of unprescribed psychoactive drugs should be considered if unexpected symptoms occur in older patients. PMID- 3497252 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in an adolescent runner. PMID- 3497253 TI - Secondary rates of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among day care contacts. PMID- 3497254 TI - The second evaluation of the curricular program "Hashish and Marihuana" in Israeli high schools. PMID- 3497255 TI - Parents' knowledge and practices related to fever management. PMID- 3497256 TI - Dispositional optimism and physical well-being: the influence of generalized outcome expectancies on health. AB - This article explores the implications that dispositional optimism holds for physical well-being. Research is reviewed that links optimism to a number of different positive health-relevant outcomes, ranging from the development of physical symptoms to recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery. Additional findings are described which suggest that these beneficial effects are partly due to differences between optimists and pessimists in the strategies that they use to cope with stress. A number of other potential mediators are also discussed, including some that are physiologic in nature. The article closes with a discussion of the relationships between our own theoretical account of the effects of optimism and several other conceptual approaches. PMID- 3497257 TI - Post-saphenous phlebectomy donor leg cellulitis. PMID- 3497258 TI - Distinct vascular actions of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone and transforming growth factor-alpha. AB - We compared the effects of epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) with those of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on regional blood flow in the anesthetized dog in vivo, and on isolated canine helical coronary artery strips in vitro. Like EGF-URO, TGF-alpha was a potent stimulator of femoral arterial blood flow in vivo; and, when added to the tissue bath in vitro before an agonist, TGF-alpha like EGF-URO was a potent inhibitor of the contractile responses of helical coronary arterial strips to various smooth muscle agonists: norepinephrine (NE), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF alpha) and potassium chloride (KCl). Nonetheless, there were marked differences between EGF-URO and TGF-alpha in terms of the two biological responses measured. In terms of blood flow, although the ED50 for the increase in blood flow was similar for EGF-URO and TGF alpha (ED50 = 0.4 micrograms EGF-URO equivalents per dose), the maximum responsiveness to TGF-alpha (130% increase in flow) was substantially greater than the maximum response to EGF-URO (70% increase in flow). Furthermore, TGF alpha did not cause tachyphylaxis to subsequent doses of TGF-alpha, whereas a prior dose of either EGF-URO or TGF-alpha desensitized markedly the blood flow preparations to EGF-URO. Different desensitization patterns for the actions of EGF-URO and TGF-alpha also were observed in the arterial strip preparations. The inhibitory action of EGF-URO for agonist (NE, PGF2 alpha or KCl)-mediated contraction was diminished with repeated exposure of the tissue to EGF-URO, whereas the inhibitory action of TGF-alpha persisted with repetitive tissue exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497259 TI - Mechanisms of benzo(a)pyrene-induced modulation of antigen presentation. AB - Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown previously to affect humoral immunity in part through alterations in the normal functioning of macrophages. In this study we investigated several specific events affected by BaP. Concanavalin A-elicited macrophages from BaP-exposed animals had a decreased capacity to present keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to nylon wool nonadherent, KLH-primed lymph node T cells. BaP treatment 7 days before and after administration of KLH resulted in a decrease in the responsiveness of KLH primed T cells to antigen. BaP administration beginning 3 days before (day -3), concurrently with (day 0) or 7 days after (day +7) KLH antigen treatment had no effect on the ability of KLH primed T cells to respond to KLH presented by untreated macrophages. The decreased capacity of BaP-exposed macrophages to present KLH is due in part to a decrease in the amount of KLH taken up by these cells. There was no alteration in the amount of soluble interleukin-1 released by BaP exposed cells or was there a change in the expression of membrane associated interleukin-1. BaP treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of Ia+ macrophages. These results demonstrate that BaP affects antigen presentation through alteration in macrophage function. PMID- 3497260 TI - Chemical characterization and regulation of endogenous morphine and codeine in the rat. AB - Data on the tissue distribution of morphine and codeine in rat are presented. The concentration of these two opiate alkaloids seems to be distributed uniformly in the cortex, midbrain, pons/medulla and cerebellum. The spinal cord and the adrenal gland have high levels of morphine and codeine and the adrenal has more codeine than morphine. The major fraction of the alkaloids reside in a synaptosomal fraction and are present in tissues as the sulfate conjugate. The levels of morphine in the spinal cord and the urinary excretion of morphine are elevated in the arthritic rat model. We used extracted alkaloid samples from arthritic rats spinal cord for analysis by mass spectrometry and found molecular ions identical with morphine and codeine. The results are discussed in the light of possible physiological roles of endogenous morphine and codeine. PMID- 3497261 TI - T lymphocyte line-mediated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis--a pharmacologic model for testing of immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of autoimmune central nervous system disease. AB - An acute form of transferred experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced by injection of activated, myelin basic protein-specific T cell line lymphocytes. The course of the disease as a function of the dose of cytotoxic cells was investigated, and the effect of i.p. and i.v. application of methotrexate on mortality and morbidity was determined. Depending on the time of administration, beneficial therapeutic effects could be seen as early as 1 week. Survival of animals that had received a lethal dose of 15 to 20 X 10(6) cells/kg proved to be the most valuable parameter. T lymphocyte line-mediated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is a predictable acute central nervous system model disease that does not require antigen depots or cell donor animals. PMID- 3497262 TI - Effect of capsaicin on smooth muscles of rat vas deferens: involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide? AB - The effect of capsaicin on the rat vas deferens was examined in relation to the role of endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in modifying the contractility of smooth muscles. Capsaicin attenuated the twitch response of the rat vas deferens induced by the transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) in vitro. The effect of capsaicin was transient and developed tachyphylaxis rapidly. Capsaicin inhibited the contraction induced by the direct electrical stimulation of the innervated tissues in the presence of tetrodotoxin but not of the surgically denervated tissues. CGRP-like immunoreactive nerves were demonstrated to be present in the rat vas deferens. Exogenously applied CGRP inhibited both the TNS induced twitch response and the contraction induced by direct electrical stimulation. Both capsaicin and CGRP slightly hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle cells but did not affect the amplitude of the excitatory junction potentials. The intensity of CGRP-like immunoreactivity was reduced markedly after the in vitro incubation of the tissue with capsaicin. No CGRP-like immunoreactive nerves were detected in the denervated tissues. Thus, capsaicin inhibited both the TNS-induced twitch response and the contraction induced by direct stimulation of the smooth muscles only when CGRP-like immunoreactive nerves were normally present. These results suggest that capsaicin releases endogenous CGRP and that the released CGRP inhibits the contraction of the rat vas deferens by acting directly on smooth muscle cells but not on the sympathetic nerves. PMID- 3497263 TI - A velocity-dependent shortening depression in the development of the force velocity relation in frog muscle fibres. AB - During the onset of activation in isolated frog muscle fibres the development of the force-velocity (T-V) relation was determined by imposing single and double ramp releases. The experiments were performed at 3.5-6 degrees C or 19-22 degrees C and at a starting sarcomere length of about 2.25 micron. A velocity- and time dependent shortening deactivation was shown to exist during the development of contraction. It was found that, early during the tetanus rise, at submaximal levels of activation, the values of T (the steady force exerted by the muscle fibres at any velocity of shortening V lower than V0) were significantly affected by previous conditioning shortening. Conditioning shortening at lower speeds led to potentiation of T and, at higher speeds, to depression. Both these effects were independent of the amount of shortening and, in addition, were not present at the tetanus plateau. At each given time or isometric tension throughout the tetanus rise the values of T. normalized for those determined at the same velocities at the tetanus plateau, were found to be inversely correlated with the actual velocities of shortening. The slope of this relation (a measure of the velocity-dependent shortening deactivation) decreased exponentially with time, attaining, in six fibres at low temperature, 10% of its initial value within 26 73 ms. The results may be explained in terms of a cross-bridge model of contraction by assuming that the rate of development of activation is controlled by the rate of release of the Ca2+ as well as by the velocity at which the muscle fibres are allowed to shorten and in turn by the actual number of attached cross bridges. PMID- 3497264 TI - The influence of free calcium on the maximum speed of shortening in skinned frog muscle fibres. AB - The influence of [Ca2+] on the maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) was examined in mechanically skinned Rana pipiens and Rana temporaria fibres using improved force clamps and the slack test techniques. All measurements were made at 7.5 degrees C. At low relative loads (P/P0 less than 0.1), maximally activated R. pipiens fibres shortened more rapidly than did submaximally activated fibres. At higher relative loads, however, little difference in the speed of shortening was observed. Vmax (determined by the slack test) of R. pipiens fibres increased as the level of activation increased. Over sarcomere lengths 1.8-2.1 microns it was 2.28 muscle lengths/s (m.l./s) (S.E. of mean +/- 0.25, n = 5) at 20-35% activation, 2.89 m.l./s (+/- 0.22, n = 7) at 40-60% activation, and 4.18 m.l./s (+/- 0.25, n = 6) at 100% activation. At longer sarcomere lengths (2.2-2.6 microns), higher Vmax values were observed at all levels of activation, but the influence of Ca2+ on Vmax persisted. Vmax was 3.54 m.l./s (+/- 0.41, n = 4) at 20 30% activation and 5.15 m.l./s (+/- 0.22, n = 5) at 100% activation. In R. temporaria fibres, Vmax (determined by force clamps over sarcomere lengths 1.8 2.1 micron) also increased as the level of activation increased, from 3.47 m.l./s (+/- 0.06, n = 6) at 13-29% activation to 5.62 m.l./s (+/- 0.17, n = 6) at 100% activation. Vmax was also determined (using the slack test) in mechanically and chemically skinned rabbit soleus fibres. Vmax at 15 degrees C (1.05 m.l./s, +/- 0.11, n = 5) at full activation decreased by more than 3-fold as the level of activation was reduced to 10%. We conclude that the level of activation influences the Vmax of skinned skeletal muscle fibres. This has now been demonstrated in three different preparations and by a variety of techniques. This effect is most pronounced at low relative loads, and might not be observed if there are experimental limitations which prevent making velocity measurements at low relative loads. PMID- 3497265 TI - Activation of the contractile apparatus of skinned fibres of frog by the divalent cations barium, cadmium and nickel. AB - The contractile apparatus of mechanically skinned muscle fibres of frog can be reversibly activated by Ba2+ and Cd2+. The maximum force induced by both Ba2+ and Cd2+ is the same as that induced by Ca2+ and Sr2+. The ionic concentrations of the divalent cations required to induce 50% of the maximum activated force at 1 mM-Mg2+, pH 7.10, 22 degrees C and 250 mM ionic strength are about 8 X 10(-7) M for Ca2+, 5 X 10(-6) M for Cd2+, 2.6 X 10(-5) M for Sr2+ and 7 X 10(-4) M for Ba2+. Exposure of the skinned fibre to relatively low Ni2+ concentrations (between 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) resulted in a transient force response accompanied by an irreversible change in the ability of the preparation to develop force. The Ba2+- and Cd2+-activation curves are considerably flatter than the corresponding curves for Ca2+ and Sr2+. An increase in Mg2+ concentration from 1 to 3 mM decreased the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ba2+ by a factor of about 1.5 without affecting the maximum force response. The Ca2+-activation curve was modified in the presence of subthreshold concentrations of Ba2+ and the results indicate that Ba2+ could have both an activating and an inhibitory action on the Ca2+-activated force. A kinetic model which can quantitatively explain the results for activation of contraction by Ba2+ and Ca2+, is described. PMID- 3497267 TI - Genetic and cellular basis of anti-DNA antibody synthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus of New Zealand mice. AB - There is now ample evidence that multiple genes are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in New Zealand mice. However, it also became evident that SLE is a syndrome in which each autoimmune feature is separately controlled by a limited number of major genes although some common genes do play a role in different autoimmune features. The data obtained by genetic analyses of murine lupus are a most useful guide for studies on autoimmunity, as related to (1) the type or subset of immune cells expressing each autoimmune disease gene; (2) how each gene or the cell (in which the gene is activated) plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease; and (3) how the gene actions can be manipulated. Data on aspects of the genetic and cellular basis of murine lupus, particularly as related to the anti-DNA antibody synthesis in the (NZB X NZW)F1 hybrid mice are presented based on studies done in our laboratories. PMID- 3497266 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine decreases the sensitivity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in bull-frog sympathetic ganglion cells. AB - The post-synaptic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were examined in neurones of bull-frog sympathetic ganglia with intracellular micro-electrode and voltage clamp recording techniques. Atropine (1 microM) was used to block the muscarinic cholinoceptors. 5-HT reduced the amplitude of the fast excitatory post-synaptic potential (fast e.p.s.p.). 5-HT also reduced the mean amplitude of the miniature excitatory post-synaptic potentials (m.e.p.s.p.s) without affecting their frequency. Voltage-clamp studies showed that 5-HT decreased in a dose-dependent manner the amplitude of the acetylcholine (ACh) current produced by ionophoretic application of ACh to sympathetic neurones. The relationship between the log of the ACh dose, applied ionophoretically, and the peak ACh current (the dose response curve) was examined in voltage-clamped neurones. 5-HT caused a parallel shift to the right of the dose-response curve for ACh. Analysis using a double reciprocal plot (Lineweaver-Burk plot) revealed that 5-HT increased the apparent dissociation constant (Km) of ACh for the receptor without changing the maximum ACh current (Vmax), suggesting a competitive antagonism. The relationship between the 5-HT dose and the magnitude of inhibition of the ACh current was obtained using two different amplitudes for the ACh response. The dose-response curve of 5 HT-induced inhibition using a relatively high amplitude ACh current, S1, was parallel with that for a relatively low amplitude ACh current, S2. The Dixon plot of these two curves yielded an apparent inhibition constant (Ki) of 42 microM. Both fast excitatory post-synaptic currents (fast e.p.s.c.s) and miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (m.e.p.s.c.s) had single-exponential decay time courses. The time constants of fast e.p.s.c. decay (tau e) and m.e.p.s.c. decay (tau m) were not altered by 5-HT, suggesting that 5-HT does not change the kinetics of opening and closing of the ionic channel associated with the nicotinic receptor. 5-HT did not alter the reversal potential of the fast e.p.s.c. These results suggest that 5-HT decreases the sensitivity of the nicotinic receptor of sympathetic neurones, by interfering with ACh binding at the active site on the receptor-ionic-channel complex. 5-HT may physiologically inhibit cholinergic transmission as it is an endogenous substance which antagonizes the nicotinic receptor in post-ganglionic neurones of bull-frog sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 3497268 TI - Abnormal responses to ingested substances in murine systemic lupus erythematosus: apparent effect of a casein-free diet on the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in NZB/W mice. AB - To assess the development of oral tolerance to casein in NZB/W female mice, they must be bred and raised on a casein free diet. We examined the specific immune responses of the mice to the long term experimental feeding of casein. Twelve of fifteen casein free mice were still alive at 10 months of age, although by this age only 1/10 mice eating the normal diet was still alive. The casein free mice had markedly less anti-DNA antibody, their IgM to IgG antinative DNA switch was delayed and deposits of immunoreactants in the glomeruli were greatly decreased. The reason for this apparent effect of the removal of casein from the diet is unknown; however, immunostimulatory and endorphin-like regions have recently been reported in casein. PMID- 3497269 TI - Genetic and molecular genetic studies of murine and human lupus. AB - Mice and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been studied with regard to cellular, genetic and molecular genetic abnormalities. B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production are the hallmarks of this illness. In humans with SLE, there is increased stem cell, B cell precursor and B cell proliferation. The same is true of NZB mice. In lpr/lpr and gld/gld mice, marked expansion of a subpopulation of T cells allows extrathymic terminal T cell maturation and secondary B cell hyperactivity. Androgens suppress these processes and polyclonal immune activators accelerate them. Three types of genes are identified: inducing genes, accelerating genes and background genes. These give rise to abnormal expression of various cellular oncogenes, T cell receptor genes and immunoglobulin genes. The data suggest that abnormal immune regulation plays a critical role in the development of SLE, with polyclonal B cell activation being common to both mice and humans with SLE. Different genetic and cellular abnormalities underlie the ultimate syndrome, the common denominator, generalized autoimmunity, that we call SLE. PMID- 3497270 TI - The neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome. AB - Available data support the idea that the neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome results from an autoantibody produced in the mother and passed across the placenta to the fetus. Despite the evidence for the presence of the Ro(SSA) autoantigen both in the skin and heart and the almost universal presence of the Ro(SSA) autoantibody in mothers of infants with neonatal lupus, there are emerging data to suggest that La(SSB) and, rarely, nRNP antibodies play an important pathologic role in some cases of the neonatal lupus syndrome. PMID- 3497271 TI - Antinuclear antibodies as probes to explore the structural organization of the genome. AB - Certain DNA binding proteins are thought to organize the mammalian genome into distinct 3 dimensional structures, each characteristic of a given differentiated state. Autoantibodies to 2 types of DNA binding protein complexes, the nuclear lamina and p70/p80 (Ku), were identified in sera of patients with collagen vascular diseases. The intranuclear distribution, DNA binding, and behavior during mitosis of these antigens were examined using autoimmune sera and murine monoclonal antibodies. In vivo, the antigens have different intranuclear distributions and solubility characteristics. However, both antigens appear to reversibly bind to DNA during interphase and to rapidly dissociate from DNA during mitosis. Although the binding affinity of p70/p80 to DNA is heterogeneous, the interaction between p70/p80 and DNA in vitro is stable over 2 h or more. The rapid dissociation of p70/p80 from DNA during mitosis may therefore be mediated by a modification in either chromatin structure or in the p70/p80 antigen itself. Other proteins that reversibly interact with DNA, such as the lamins and nuclear pores, may have a role in the organization of DNA into transcribable euchromatin and nontranscribable heterochromatin. Autoantibodies to these proteins, and possibly those reactive with p70/p80, or other DNA binding proteins may be useful probes for studying both chromatin organization and the causes of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3497272 TI - 3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues as potential anti-HIV (HTLV III/LAV) agents. AB - A series of 2',3'-unsaturated and 3'-substituted 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogues of purines and pyrimidines have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The 2',3' unsaturated analogues of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddeCyd) and 2',3' dideoxythymidine (ddeThd), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AzddThd), 3'-fluoro 2',3'-dideoxythymidine, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd), and 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo) emerged as the most potent inhibitors of HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in the human T lymphocyte cell lines ATH8 and MT4. In ATH8 cells ddCyd, ddeCyd, and ddAdo had the highest therapeutic index whereas in MT4 cells AzddThd, ddThd, ddCyd, and ddAdo were the most selective. Derivatives from ddThd in which the substituent group was linked to the 3'-carbon atom via a thio, sulfonyl, or oxygen bridge were far less inhibitory to HIV than was AzddThd. PMID- 3497273 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of the development of lupus nephritis in BXSB mice. I. Analyses of immunological abnormalities at the onset period. AB - Immunological abnormalities observed in male BXSB mice at the onset of lupus nephritis were examined. For this purpose, 60 male and 28 female BXSB mice were examined at the age of 13 weeks. Male mice showed higher values in all the parameters tested, though big variation was observed in each parameter. Correlation studies among each parameter in male mice showed that degree of the deposition of IC in the glomeruli was very closely associated with the level of circulating immune complexes (IC) and also the number of IgG-producing cells (IgGPC) but not with that of IgMPC. No significant correlation was observed between the level of IgG anti-DNA antibodies and that of IC, nor the number of IgGPC. These results convincingly indicate the relevance of enhanced IgG production in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. PMID- 3497274 TI - Lymphocyte responsiveness and interleukin 2 production in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 long-standing IDDM patients (mean age 11.4 +/- 3.2 yrs) and 24 matched controls (mean age 7.7 +/- 4.4 yrs) were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen and PPD, tetanus and diphtheria antigens. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was measured from the supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated with PHA in vitro. There was no difference in lymphocyte blast transformation responses between the patients and controls, and IL-2 production was equal in both. It was thus concluded that there is no general immune deficiency in IDDM such as described in the BB rat even though specific immune aberration to certain virus antigens may exist. PMID- 3497276 TI - Depression of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in regional lymph nodes of patients with gastric carcinoma. AB - The capacity to generate cytotoxic cells in mixed cell culture was studied on the regional lymph node cells (LNC) from patients with gastric carcinoma, in comparison with that of the similar lymph node cells from patients with benign lesions. Generation of cytotoxic cells in LNC from cancer patients was significantly depressed, as compared to either that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from the same patient or that in LNC from patients with benign lesions, whereas no significant difference between those in PBM and LNC was observed in patients with benign lesions. The addition of LNC from cancer patients to autologous PBM did not result in suppression of the cytotoxic response. There was no significant difference between the ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) in LNC from patients with carcinoma and benign lesions. However, OKT11+ and OKT3+ cells in LNC from cancer patients were significantly decreased without any alteration of the OKT4/OKT8 ratio, as compared to that from patients with benign lesions. In contrast, B-1+ cells were significantly increased. These results indicated that the relative inactivity of the generation of cytotoxic effector T cells in LNC from patients with gastric carcinoma might be partially related to the reduction of T cell population in the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 3497275 TI - Aberration of monokine production and monocyte subset in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We measured the production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and prostaglandin by adherent cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Compared to normal subjects, IL-1 production in the patients was lower but prostaglandin E1 production was higher. Furthermore, examination of monocyte subsets in patients with SLE using monoclonal anti-monocyte/granulocyte antibodies disclosed abnormal expression of membrane antigens on monocytes. It is speculated that aberration of monocyte function is related to impaired monokine production and that membrane antigens play a role in immunodysregulation in patients with SLE. PMID- 3497277 TI - Preservation of natural killer and interleukin-2 activated killer cell activity in ataxia-telangiectasia with T cell deficiency. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs) from 6 patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) were studied by 5 kinds of cell-mediated cytotoxicity systems. Decrease in cell mediated lympholysis (CML) activity to allogeneic lymphocytes was observed in all 6 AT patients who had low numbers of OKT-3+ cells. These patients also showed decreased proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin stimulation and allogeneic lymphocytes. In contrast, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity and natural killer (NK) activity were comparable with those in normal controls. In addition, PBMs from these AT patients activated by in vitro stimulation with allogeneic PBMs or interleukin-2 were able to acquire lytic activity against NK-insensitive target cells. The phenotypes of these effectors determined by complement-mediated lysis were OKT-3- and Leu-11+, suggesting that they were derived from NK cell lineage. Thus, AT patients with severe T cell defects were found to maintain a normal range of NK, ADCC, MLC-activated and lymphokine-activated killer activity. PMID- 3497278 TI - Crystallographic study of endogenous alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat. AB - Endogenous alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat has been crystallized by a microdialysis method. There are two forms of monoclinic crystal in a microdialysis cell with a space group of P2(1). The unit cell dimensions are a = 43.5 A, b = 64.8 A, c = 32.2 A, beta = 113 degrees for the rod-like crystal, and a = 42.5 A, b = 65.2 A, c = 32.2 A, beta = 112 degrees for the plate-like crystal. The former is suitable for structure analysis because it gives the sharp diffraction beyond 2.0 A resolution, and the latter tends to form a twin crystal. A heavy-atom derivative has been successfully prepared with the heavy-atom reagent K2PtCl4, and structure analysis is in progress. PMID- 3497279 TI - The vasodilator effect of coronary vascular endothelium in situ: its inactivation by hydroquinone. AB - Studies were carried out to demonstrate the presence of the endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in coronary arteries in situ and the effect of hydroquinone on this factor. The studies revealed the presence of EDRF in coronary arteries of rabbit hearts remaining in situ. EDRF was inactivated by left atrial injection of hydroquinone. In situ constriction of coronary arteries by vasopressin was markedly increased following exposure to hydroquinone, and the dilatory response to acetylcholine was absent. The experiments confirm the presence of the endothelium derived relaxing factor in coronary arteries in situ and its inactivation by hydroquinone. PMID- 3497280 TI - Nursing grand rounds: herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 3497281 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting in a predominately black group of patients. AB - The preoperative profiles of a predominately non-white group of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were reviewed. Data were obtained from a retrospective analysis of medical records of 163 patients operated on at Howard University Hospital between July 1983 and July 1986. The analysis was carried out primarily to determine whether patients requiring myocardial revascularization were somehow different from their non-black counterparts. Ninety-one percent of the patients were black, 5 percent white, 0.5 percent Hispanic, and 3.5 percent others (Iranian, Filipino, etc).The study was not designed to review the prevalence of coronary disease in blacks, or to determine the natural history following coronary artery bypass grafting, but to determine whether those with established coronary disease of such a severity as to warrant revascularization had the usual clustering of risk factors. Patient records were reviewed to determine the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, previous myocardial injury, and total serum cholesterol. Because of the well recognized increased incidence of hypertension in black patients, and its role as a major risk factor in coronary heart disease, the sequelae of hypertension were considered in relation to results of surgical therapy.The study population included 93 men (57 percent) and 70 women (43 percent); mean age was 59 years (fourth to ninth decade). Seventy-four percent of the patients were hypertensive, 35 percent were diabetic, and 77 percent had a smoking history. Obesity was prevalent among the female patients in general, with 36 percent of the diabetics and 21 percent of the nondiabetics being greater than 50 percent over ideal body weight. Ninety percent of the female patients and 80 percent of the male patients presented with New York Heart Association class III or IV angina. Left ventricular function was, on the average, well preserved. The immediate surgical mortality (following exclusion of patients in extremis) was 4 percent. The surgical mortalities were related to easily identifiable factors. Peri-operative infarctions were profoundly influenced by the presence of diabetes.Although this group was distinguished from most reported groups of patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting by the presence of advanced age, the large percentage of women and diabetics and the marked prevalence of hypertension, and the usual risk factors for coronary artery disease reported in the majority population, the study reconfirms previous epidemiologic findings. It appears that racial "clumping" of a heterogeneous non-white population has minimal usefulness, except as it may be related to socioeconomic status and access to quality health care. PMID- 3497283 TI - [Influence of stellate ganglion block on immune system]. PMID- 3497282 TI - Hypo-gammaglobulinaemia in children with persistent giardiasis. PMID- 3497284 TI - [Nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma in the early period of emergency CABG surgery]. PMID- 3497285 TI - Induction of lymphokine-activated killer activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes and regional lymph node lymphocytes against PC-9 cultured adenocarcinoma and autologous pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - The cytotoxic activities, of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and regional lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) generated by incubation with recombinant IL-2 (rIL 2) in vitro, have been studied to assess their effects on autologous pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells from 21 patients with lung cancer. The lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of PBL were 22.9 +/- 14.8% for autologous pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and 44.9 +/- 20% for PC-9 cells. A previous coculture of autologous tumor cells with PBL (ATS-LAK) showed no increase in induction of cytotoxicity to autologous tumor cells. The LAK activities of LNL were significantly lower than those of PBL. The cytotoxicities of rIL-2 activated lymphocytes seemed lower in well differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma than in moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without; they appeared, however, not to be related to clinical stage or degree of infiltration of T-zone histiocytes into the cancer stroma. The cytotoxicity to autologous tumor cells was not significantly different in the presence of the Ia antigen expressed on tumor cells, but the cytotoxicity to Ia positive PC-9 cells was significantly higher for rIL-2 activated lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer cells which were Ia positive than from those where they were Ia negative. The presence of Ia antigen on tumor cells seemed important for antitumor activity. PMID- 3497287 TI - [Standardization of the display of SPECT images]. PMID- 3497286 TI - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of lower GI bleeding]. PMID- 3497288 TI - [Effect of recombinant interleukin 2 on type B chronic hepatitis--a case report]. PMID- 3497289 TI - [Measurement of right and left ventricular volumes using single-photon emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3497290 TI - [2-Deoxy-2-(18F)Fluoro-D-galactose: a new tracer for the evaluation of liver function by PET--I. Evaluation of toxicity and radiation dose]. PMID- 3497292 TI - [Quantitative assessment of 201TlCl myocardial SPECT--including the comparison with visual diagnosis of myocardial SPECT and planar images]. PMID- 3497291 TI - [Quantitative estimation of right ventricular pressure overloading by Tl-201 myocardial SPECT]. PMID- 3497293 TI - [Two dimensional polar coordinate representation (bulls-eye view) method of the 201Tl myocardial SPECT]. PMID- 3497294 TI - [Visualization of portal venous system by single photon emission CT]. PMID- 3497295 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT): clinical application]. PMID- 3497297 TI - Aconitine-induced delayed afterdepolarization in frog atrium and guinea pig papillary muscles in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+. AB - Aconitine will induce arrhythmias after the fiber has been completely repolarized. This arrhythmia is generally facilitated in the presence of high Ca2+ solution, yet the aconitine-induced arrhythmia occurs even in the presence of low Ca2+ solutions. We studied aconitine-induced arrhythmia (particularly the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarization) in the frog atrium or guinea-pig papillary muscles in Ca2+-free solution, in the presence or absence of Ca2+ channel blocking agents. In Ca2+-free solution, aconitine (10(-5) g/ml) decreased the resting potential, overshoot, Vmax, and shortened the duration of the 90% action potential, before the onset of delayed afterdepolarization in frog atrial preparations. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (2 X 10(-7) g/ml) blocked these aconitine induced electrical changes. Verapamil (10(-6) g/ml) in nominally Ca2+-free solution blocked neither the generation of delayed afterdepolarization nor the triggered activity, while LaCl3 (0.5 mM) or TTX halted it. Delayed afterdepolarization appeared following the aconitine-induced transient increase in twitch tension. This transient increase in twitch tension was blocked by LaCl3 and TTX but not by verapamil. Delayed afterdepolarization in Ca2+-free solution demonstrated the voltage dependence of a U shape between -40 and -80 mV and was inhibited by low Na+ and high K+. Under the influence of aconitine in the guinea pig papillary muscle exposed to the Ca2+-free solution, depolarizing clamp pulses produced a transient inward current, and here the sigmoid time- and voltage dependent characteristics were similar to those seen in the case of digitalis intoxication. These results suggest that intracellular Na+ loading plays an important role in the aconitine-induced delayed afterdepolarization and transient inward currents in low Ca2+ solution. PMID- 3497296 TI - Effects of extracellular calcium and calcium channel blocker on silver-induced contractures in frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The mechanism by which Ag+ induces muscle contracture was elucidated by investigating the effect of external Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ channel blocker on the maximum tension amplitude in single fibers from frog toe skeletal muscle. Five microM Ag+ induced two different types of contracture in the presence of external Ca2+ more than 0.1 mM, i.e., a phasic and a subsequent tonic contracture. The phasic contracture appeared only in fibers with intact T-tubules immersed in a solution with or without Ca2+ after a lag time of 5.7 +/- 0.9 s (N = 5). The maximum amplitude was 58% of the tetanus tension observed in the same fiber immediately before Ag+ exposure. Diltiazem at high-concentration (100 microM) inhibited the Ag+-induced phasic contracture only to a small extent (17%). The contracture was not affected by 1 microM TTX or 1 mM DAP at all. These results indicate that Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels on the T-tubular membrane would not be attributed to the phasic tension development induced by Ag+. On the contrary, a tonic contracture did not require intact T-tubules. The amplitude and the rate of rise of the contracture depended on external Ca2+ concentrations and were inhibited by a high concentration of diltiazem. Neither 1 microM TTX nor 1 mM DAP affected them. Therefore, the tonic contracture seems to be triggered by Ca2+ which entered the muscle fiber through the surface but not T-tubular membranes. PMID- 3497298 TI - Imipramine administered during an infantile period modifies sex difference in L-5 hydroxytryptophan-induced head shakes in rats. AB - Five mg/kg imipramine or desipramine was injected to infantile rats. L-5 Hydroxytryptophan-induced head shakes were assessed when rats were mature. The saline- and desipramine-treated adult male rats exhibited more sustained response to L-5-HTP than females. The time course of the head shake frequency in the imipramine-treated male and female rats showed a pattern between control males and females, resulting in no significant sex difference. The results suggest that infantile exposure to imipramine induces an alteration of the serotonergic neurons of the brain. PMID- 3497300 TI - [Measurement of the regional cerebral utilization of glucose in man by positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3497299 TI - Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus strains isolated from pigs, cattle and chickens. PMID- 3497301 TI - [Erlangen ophthalmologic records]. PMID- 3497302 TI - [Experience with the development of methods of studying space sickness]. PMID- 3497303 TI - A case report of coronary revascularization for Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3497304 TI - An ultrastructural morphometric and immunophenotypic evaluation of Burkitt's and Burkitt's-like lymphomas. AB - Six cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and 12 cases of Burkitt's-like lymphoma (BLL) were classified by using strict histologic and cytologic criteria. These cases were processed for electron microscopy and analyzed by using computerized image analysis techniques. Form factor (4 pi A/P2) was used to measure nuclear contour irregularity. The mean of the standard deviation (SD) of nuclear area and form factor was used to assess pleomorphism. Overall, there were 8 similarities and 10 statistically significant dissimilarities out of 18 parameters analyzed. The similarities (p greater than 0.05) between the BL and BLL groups included the means of form factor, nuclear area/cytoplasmic area, SD of nuclear area/cytoplasmic area, number of nuclear pockets/100 nuclei, percentage of cells with nuclear pockets, number of lipid droplets/micron 2 of cytoplasm, percentage of cells with lipid droplets and number of mitochondria/micron 2 of cytoplasm. The dissimilarities (p less than 0.05) included the means of nuclear perimeter, SD of nuclear perimeter, nuclear area, SD of nuclear area, cellular area, SD of cellular area, cytoplasmic area, SD of cytoplasmic area, SD of form factor, and nucleolar frequency. Multiparameter analysis clearly separated these 18 patients into two distinct groups and confirms that the subtleties used in the histologic classification of these lymphoma subtypes are meaningful. Sixteen cases of BL and BLL were snap-frozen in isopentane and analyzed by using 16 lymphoid surface markers. All of the immunoglobulin-positive BL were of the mu isotype, whereas the BLL cases were divided between mu (6 cases) and gamma expression (4 cases). All 4 of the BL evaluated manifested CALLA expression, whereas 3 of the 11 BLL evaluated coexpressed CALLA. One BL case was of a pre-pre-B phenotype and one BLL case was of pre-B phenotype. The BL and BLL were compared to 49 cases of SIg (+) large cell lymphomas. The high incidence of coexpression of lambda, CALLA, and Ki 67 in BL and BLL separates these lymphomas, as a group, from the large cell lymphomas. We have also determined from this study that the separation of patients into distinct BL and BLL subtypes is clinically relevant. The BL group were all children (median of 6.5 years) compared with the BLL group who were all adults (median of 63 years). The complete remission rate was higher in the BL (67%) than in the BLL group (25%).4off PMID- 3497305 TI - The effects of nicotine, cotinine and anabasine on rat adrenal 11 beta hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase. AB - The effects of nicotine, cotinine and anabasine on rat adrenal steroidogenesis were examined by spectral and enzymatic techniques. The addition of nicotine, cotinine or anabasine to preparations of rat adrenal mitochondria produced type II cytochrome P-450 difference spectra. The addition of nicotine or anabasine, but not cotinine, to rat adrenal microsomes yielded type II cytochrome P-450 difference spectra. Nicotine and anabasine competitively inhibited rat adrenal mitochondrial 11 beta-hydroxylase and microsomal 21-hydroxylase. Cotinine competitively inhibited mitochondrial 11 beta-hydroxylase, but did not inhibit microsomal 21-hydroxylase. The apparent enzymatic inhibition constants for cotinine, nicotine, anabasine and metyrapone inhibition of the mitochondrial 11 beta-hydroxylase were 32, 96, 120 and 74 microM respectively. These studies suggest that components of cigarette smoke may alter patterns of adrenal steroidogenesis. PMID- 3497306 TI - Effects of serum immunosuppressive factors on antitumor cytotoxicity of interleukin 2-induced lymphocytes. AB - The cytotoxic ability of interleukin 2 (IL2)-induced T cells and the effect on their cytotoxicity of serum suppressive factors obtained from cancer patients were examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) of healthy adults were IL2-cultured for 72 h either together with a gastric carcinoma cell line MKN-28 or with phytohemagglutinin, then IL2-cultured for another 11 days. Cytotoxicity of the MKN-28 precultured lymphocytes against MKN-28 was particularly increased. Presence during preculture or during cytotoxicity assay of sera from gastric cancer patients having the same histological type as MKN-28 suppressed the cytotoxicity. However, the serum suppressive effect on cytotoxicity of the IL2 cultured lymphocytes was far milder than that on PBL cytotoxicity. PMID- 3497307 TI - Antipyretic studies on some indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants: II. AB - Eight Pakistani medicinal plants were investigated for antipyretic activity in rabbits receiving subcutaneous yeast injections. Hexane- and chloroform-soluble extracts of Aconitum napellus stems, Corchorus depressus whole plant and Gmelina asiatica roots exhibited prominent oral antipyretic activity while insignificant antipyretic effects were found in the hexane- and chloroform-soluble portions of Melia azadirachta seeds, Tinospora cordifolia stems and Vitex trifolia seeds. No antipyretic actions whatsoever were produced by extracts of A. heterophyllum roots and Hedysarum alhagi aerial parts. Toxicity studies revealed no noteworthy toxic or adverse effects for any of the above plant extracts up to the highest oral doses of 1.6 g/kg except in the case of A. napellus. PMID- 3497308 TI - Analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activity of Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaf extract. AB - The leaves of Nyctanthes arbor tristis, besides being used in the treatment of sciatica and arthritis, are advocated for various kinds of fevers and painful conditions by the Ayurvedic physicians. In the present study, the water-soluble portion of an ethanol extract of the leaves was screened for analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities. The extract exhibited significant aspirin like antinociceptive activity but failed to produce morphine-like analgesia. It was also found to possess antipyretic activity against brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract also produced gastric ulcers following oral administration for six consecutive days in rats. Results of the present study tend to substantiate the use of this plant in fevers and painful conditions by Ayurvedic physicians. PMID- 3497309 TI - Gastroepiploic-coronary anastomosis. A viable alternative bypass graft. AB - Although increasing use is being made of arterial grafts (the internal mammary arteries) for direct myocardial revascularization, it is frequently not possible to reach the posterior surface of the heart with the internal mammary as either a pedicle or a free graft. Since June 1984 we have used the right gastroepiploic artery in nine patients as a pedicle graft to the distal right coronary artery (four patients), the posterior descending artery (three patients), and the distal circumflex branches (two patients). Eight patients survived the operation. Celiac axis opacification confirmed patency in six and coronary angiography strongly suggested patency in the remaining two. All survivors are functionally in New York Heart Association Class I or II. The early angiographic and clinical results demonstrate the feasibility of using the right gastroepiploic artery as a bypass graft to coronary vessels on the posterior surface of the heart when traditional conduits are unsuitable. If its long-term patency as a living arterial graft is similar to that of the internal mammary arteries, the gastroepiploic artery may become the coronary bypass graft of choice for the distal right coronary and circumflex systems. PMID- 3497310 TI - Inaccuracy of radial artery pressure measurement after cardiac operations. AB - The phenomenon of a pressure gradient between central and radial arteries was evaluated in 48 patients immediately after coronary artery bypass operations. All were in stable hemodynamic condition, none receiving catecholamine support. In eight patients (Group A) mean femoral pressure was significantly higher than mean radial pressure (range 10 to 30 mm Hg). In the remaining 40 (Group B) radial and femoral pressures were equal. Mean cardiac index (thermodilution) was 3.3 +/- 0.68 versus 2.1 +/- 0.4 L/min/m2, systemic vascular resistance 1,181 +/- 218.4 versus 2,049 +/- 501 dynes/sec/cm-5, toe temperature 23.8 degrees +/- 1.2 degrees C versus 24.02 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees C, core temperature 33.9 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees C versus 34.1 degrees +/- 0.6 degrees C, mixed venous oxygen saturation 78% +/- 3% versus 62% +/- 5%, and peak radial dP/dt 1,485 +/- 366 versus 2,028 +/ 392 in Groups A and B, respectively. These data indicate, first, that the low radial pressures measured in Group A patients did not represent the true central aortic pressures; that is, they were false. Second, these low pressures had nothing to do with compromised cardiac function; rather, they were due to peripheral constriction and volume factors and also probably to proximal shunting. It is therefore recommended that while the chest is still open, if a discrepancy exists between a low radial artery pressure, a high palpable aortic pressure, and a satisfactory cardiac contraction, a femoral cannula for pressure measurement should be inserted. Treatment is by blood infusion until the femoral radial gradient has been abolished. PMID- 3497311 TI - Observation of 30 cases of cervical spondylosis treated by electro-acupuncture. PMID- 3497312 TI - The efficacy of electro-acupuncture on 98 cases of epilepsy. PMID- 3497313 TI - Relative specificity of points in acupuncture analgesia. PMID- 3497314 TI - Observations on electro-acupuncture treatment of hemoptysis in pulmonary diseases. PMID- 3497315 TI - Different effects of reinforcing and reducing manipulations in acupuncture assessed by tail-flick latency, vocalization threshold and skin temperature in the rat. PMID- 3497316 TI - Treatment of 86 cases of local neurodermatitis by electro-acupuncture (with needles inserted around diseased areas). PMID- 3497317 TI - Modulation of fibroblast hemopoietic regulatory activities by infection with cloned Rauscher helper leukemia virus. AB - We tested the ability of cellularly cloned Rauscher helper leukemia virus to modulate the release of hemopoietic regulatory activities by skin fibroblasts in culture. The results demonstrate that release of colony stimulating activity for granulocyte/macrophage progenitors by fibroblasts derived from BALB/c, NIH/RIV, 129/J, and DBA/2 mice was increased by virus infection. In contrast, virus infection severely impaired the ability of fibroblasts to support in-vitro granulopoiesis. PMID- 3497318 TI - [Hemorrhagic bilio-digestive fistulas (apropos of a new case)]. PMID- 3497319 TI - [Immunological abnormalities in intravenous drug addicts in relation to contact with the HTLV III/LAV virus]. PMID- 3497320 TI - [Immune barriers of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts]. AB - The mucosa that lines the upper respiratory and digestive pathways is protected by a secretory immune system which is under complex and only partly understood immunoregulatory control. B cells of relatively immature memory clones with a potential for J-chain expression, are initially stimulated in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (probably including the tonsils) and migrate thereafter through lymph and blood to glandular sites where they are subjected to terminal differentiation and become immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing immunocytes. Most locally produced Ig is normally dimeric IgA which is selectively transported through the serous type of glandular cells by means of an epithelial receptor protein called the secretory component (SC). IgM is also subjected to SC-mediated transport. In patients with selective IgA deficiency, secretory IgA is lacking but it may be satisfactorily replaced by protective secretory IgM. In other IgA deficient patients, however, immunoregulatory compensation gives rise to a large number of IgD-producing cells in respiratory mucosa. IgD cannot act as a secretory antibody and these patients are prone to have recurrent infections. These observations show that there are large individual variations in the secretory immune system. PMID- 3497321 TI - [Weather status and incidence of idiopathic facial nerve paralyses, vestibular disorders, Meniere's attacks and sudden deafness]. AB - The authors studied a possible relationship between the weather and Bell's palsy, acute unilateral vestibular disorder, Meniere's disease and sudden deafness. These diseases definitely do occur more often at times of low pressure. This is most convincing when a stable high pressure zone is followed by a strong low, thus creating comparatively great pressure differences. Bell's palsy, sudden deafness and Meniere's disease occur more often under the influence of the warm side of the low. Such atmospheric conditions could not be confirmed for acute unilateral vestibular disorder. PMID- 3497322 TI - Use of the CO2 laser in soft tissue dental surgery. AB - The use of the carbon dioxide laser for the removal of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity is presented. The laser was used to remove numerous benign lesions and growths, for incisional and excisional biopsies, and for the removal of microinvasive and macroinvasive carcinomas. Owing to its coagulation properties, the laser was used effectively in treating patients with oral lesions compounded by blood dyscrasias. Because of the advantages of a relatively bloodless surgery; decreased postoperative discomfort; minimal swelling and scarring; and the laser's ability to coagulate, vaporize, or cut, the CO2 surgical laser offers the dental surgeon a viable and in many cases an improved alternative to the scalpel. Laser techniques and several case reports are discussed. PMID- 3497323 TI - Fluoxetine subsensitizes a nicotinic mechanism involved in the regulation of core temperature. AB - Fluoxetine HCl, 10 mg/kg ip, twice daily produced subsensitivity to the hypothermic effects of nicotine (base), 1 mg/kg ip, after 1 (p less than 0.02) and 2 (p less than 0.002) weeks of treatment. Phenelzine sulfate, desipramine HCl and bright artificial light produced the same effect. The capacity of three chemically distinct classes of antidepressants and bright artificial light (a treatment for seasonal depression) to produce this result suggests that effects on nicotinic mechanisms may be involved in the mechanism of action of these treatments. PMID- 3497324 TI - The challenges of oesophageal varices. PMID- 3497325 TI - [Nobel Prize in Medicine 1986: growth factors]. PMID- 3497326 TI - [Ulcer and aortic perforation]. PMID- 3497327 TI - Modulation of IgE synthesis by IgE-binding factors released by T cells of asthmatic patients with elevated serum IgE. AB - The culture supernatants of unstimulated T cells (TCS) from asthmatic patients with elevated serum IgE were tested for IgE-binding factors (IgE-BFs) displaying the IgE-potentiating activity. The IgE-BFs were detected by their ability to inhibit the rosetting of RPMI 8866 cells with ox erythrocytes coupled with mouse monoclonal antibody (E-Mab) specific to Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R). TCS showing the rosette-inhibiting activity significantly enhanced the spontaneous IgE synthesis by B cells of allergic individuals. Interestingly, rosette inhibiting factors could be removed by absorption with IgE-Sepharose from which they were subsequently eluated with acid buffer, indicating that the rosette inhibition was indeed mediated by IgE-BFs. In addition, such IgE-BFs had affinity for concanavalin A and lost their IgE-potentiating activity after treatment with trypsin and neuraminidase. In contrast, T cells treated with tunicamycin released IgE-suppressing factors capable of inhibiting the IgE-potentiating activity of TCS derived from untreated T cells. On the other hand, the culture supernatants from subpopulations depleted of Fc epsilon R+ T cells but not of Fc gamma R+ T cells contained neither rosette-inhibiting factors nor IgE-potentiating factors, suggesting that IgE-BFs were released by in vivo pre-activated Fc epsilon R+ T cells. With regard to circulating Fc epsilon R+ T cells determined by E-Mab, they were significantly higher in asthmatic patients with elevated serum IgE (0.77 +/- 0.15%) than in normal subjects (0.17 +/- 0.07%) in spite of a very small proportion of T cells bearing Fc epsilon R. PMID- 3497328 TI - Rationale for coronary venous bypass grafting in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease. PMID- 3497329 TI - Coronary risk factors six to 12 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Hyperlipidaemia appears to be a major factor in the development of graft atherosclerosis in the five- to 10-year period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A preliminary survey of coronary risk factors was conducted in 103 consecutive patients, who lived in the Sydney metropolitan area and who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery six to 12 months previously in a single hospital unit. The information was collected by reply-paid questionnaire (response rate, 93%) and by clinical assessment (measurement rate, 85%). The group was predominantly (86%) male and elderly (mean age, 62 years; 60% of men and 85% of women were aged over 59 years). Seven per cent of the group had undergone a second operation. Approximately two of every three subjects manifested hypercholesterolaemia, one in four subjects manifested hypertension and one in three subjects was overweight, but only one in 20 subjects currently smoked cigarettes. The findings were compared with those in a general population sample; the assumption was made that coronary risk factors would be overrepresented in a sample of patients in whom coronary artery bypass graft surgery had been required. The data suggested that cigarette smoking was receiving appropriate intervention (before or after surgery), that hypertension was receiving some intervention, and that hyperlipidaemia was receiving insufficient intervention. On a purely empirical basis, the appropriate use of a cardiac rehabilitation service is suggested as one possible way of preventing the return of a large number of patients with graft atherosclerosis in later years. PMID- 3497330 TI - Changing patterns of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and diet among Melanesians and Micronesians in the Solomon Islands. AB - A cross-sectional survey of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dietary patterns has been conducted in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands. Three groups- traditional and more urbanized Melanesians and semitraditional Micronesians--were compared. Abnormal glucose tolerance was rare (less than 1% over all) in Melanesians regardless of acculturation, but was present in 9.7% of adult Micronesians in whom it was associated with age; obesity; female sex; and a diet that was high in energy and refined carbohydrates. Hypertension, which was associated with advancing age and obesity, was recorded in 6.0% and 8.3% of traditional and partly urbanized Melanesians, respectively, and in 4.8% of Micronesians. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures correlated significantly with age for all except traditional Melanesian women among whom the association was limited to the systolic blood pressure only. Significant correlation coefficients were recorded between diastolic blood pressure and body mass index for both sexes and all groups, and between systolic blood pressure and body mass index for all women but only for Micronesian men. Dramatic differences in life style and dietary patterns are described for rural and more urbanized Melanesians among whom the mean daily urinary sodium outputs were 67 and 119 mmol/L, respectively. PMID- 3497331 TI - [Evaluation of various clinical and immunological parameters in children with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3497332 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced enhancement of IgE synthesis. AB - Glucocorticoid-induced enhancement of polyclonal immunoglobulin production of the IgG, A, and M classes by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been shown to be dependent on regulatory T-cells. The following in vitro investigation demonstrated an enhancing effect of glucocorticoid on IgE production by mononuclear cells from atopic patients, but not by cells from non-atopic subjects. Augmentation was noted even in cell populations depleted of T cells and monocytes. These observations suggest that the corticosteroid acted directly on an IgE B cell at a late stage of differentiation that was no longer dependent on helper T-cells, although an additional effect on T-suppressor cells was not excluded. PMID- 3497333 TI - Effect of beta-naphthoflavone on mitochondrial supply of reducing equivalents for monooxygenation in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. AB - Rates of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation were determined in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule in livers from corn oil- and beta naphthoflavone-treated rats by monitoring the conversion of nonfluorescent 7 ethoxycoumarin to fluorescent 7-hydroxycoumarin with micro-light guides. Rates of monooxygenation in livers from fed, corn oil-treated rats of 1.4 mumol/g/hr were increased markedly to around 21 mumol/g/hr in both regions of the liver lobule after treatment of rats with beta-naphthoflavone. Fasting or treatment with 6 aminonicotinamide diminished the generation of NADPH by the pentose cycle, whereas KCN decreased NADPH generation via mitochondria. Fasting and 6 aminonicotinamide treatment decreased monooxygenation about 0.5 mumol/g/hr in both regions of the liver lobule in livers from corn oil-treated rats and around 5 mumol/g/hr in livers from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats. KCN decreased rates about 0.5 mumol/g/hr in both regions of the lobule in livers from fed, corn oil treated rats and nearly completely in livers from fasted rats. Rates declined from 14 to less than 2 mumol/g/hr in livers from fasted, beta-naphthoflavone treated rats following 30-40 min of perfusion with cyanide. These data indicate that mitochondrial oxidations are the predominant source of reducing equivalents for monooxygenation in both regions of the liver lobule in livers from beta naphthoflavone-treated rats. Activation of urea synthesis by infusion of ammonia, a process requiring mitochondrial NADPH, inhibited the metabolism of 7 ethoxycoumarin by 30%. Malate, which is a substrate for the malic enzyme shuttle mechanism involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the mitochondria to the cytosol, increased 10-fold during infusion of 7-ethoxycoumarin in livers from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats but less than 3-fold in livers from control rats. Taken together, these data indicate that high rates of 7-hydroxycoumarin production in livers from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats are sustained by increased rates of NADPH generation from mitochondrial sources. PMID- 3497334 TI - The idiotypy of auto anti-allotype antibody induced in immunoglobulin allotype suppressed rabbits. AB - Rabbit anti-rabbit idiotype antibody was raised to both clonally heterogeneous and restricted auto anti-b6 antibodies induced in b6 allotype-suppressed (b6)/(b6) homozygous and b4/(b6) heterozygous rabbits. In every case the anti idiotypic antibodies were specific only for the inducing antibody as shown by direct binding solid-phase RIA. Anti-idiotypes directed to the same antibody preparation had a similar but not identical specificity. It was demonstrated by IEF that the same idiotype specificity (spectrotype) was present throughout the anti-b6 response in individual rabbits. PMID- 3497335 TI - Complement fixation by small, DNase-resistant DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes. AB - 125I-ds DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes (IC) formed at antibody excess and containing DNA of 300-350 base pairs (bp) fixed complement, incorporated C3b and bound to the C3b receptors (CR1) on human red blood cells (RBC). When the IC were treated with DNase to generate small, DNase-resistant IC, some of the IC incorporated C3b, but did not bind to RBC. In order to examine C3b incorporation and RBC binding by IC of specific sizes, the DNase treated IC were fractionated by sucrose density gradient (SDG) ultracentrifugation. Small IC containing one, two, three or four IgG molecules per fragment of 125I-ds DNA were identified by autoradiography after electrophoresis of the SDG fractions on 3-12% linear polyacrylamide gradient gels. The SDG fractions were tested for C3b incorporation and RBC binding ability. There was neither C3b incorporation nor RBC binding activity in fractions which corresponded to 9-11S (containing IC with one IgG/DNA). Fractions which corresponded to 12-22S (containing IC with up to four IgG/DNA fragment) demonstrated increased C3b incorporation with increased size, but did not show significant RBC binding activity. Fractions with IC containing four or more IgGs (22-24S) incorporated C3b and bound to RBC at approximately the same level. It is concluded that DNase digested IC which contain three-four IgG/DNA fragment are large enough to activate complement and incorporate C3b, but are too small to bind to RBC CR1. These IC could therefore escape rapid clearance from the circulation via the erythrocyte CR1 clearance mechanism. Such IC could persist in the circulation and potentially elicit pathogenic effects in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3497336 TI - Occult (non-surface expression) of T, B and monocyte markers in human large granular lymphocytes. AB - Human large granular lymphocytes were examined for non-surface expression with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to T cell, B-cell and monocyte markers. T101, antibody to the T65 antigen, showed binding to crude fractions containing intracellular membranes but not to immobilized whole cells. Non-surface expression of T65 was also demonstrated by flow cytometry using lysolecithin to transiently permeabilize cells. With the latter technique nonsurface expression was also demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies B2 and MO-2. T65 was shown to be synthesized by large granular lymphocytes by metabolic labeling, indirect immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE. T65 from large granular lymphocytes was the same mol. wt as antigen for T cells derived from the same donor. These results indicate that human large granular lymphocytes synthesize, but do not express on the surface, certain monoclonal antibody-derived markers heretofore considered specific for other cell lineages. PMID- 3497338 TI - Augmentation of hemolytic efficiency of anti-hapten IgG antibody by anti-IgG antibody is primarily the function of the anti-hapten IgG. AB - IgG anti-cell antibodies are inefficient in inducing cell lysis by complement. C mediated lysis by anti-cell IgG can be augmented by the use of C fixing anti antibody. We have studied augmentation of rabbit anti-Forssman IgG, rabbit anti methotrexate IgG and rabbit anti-folinic acid IgG antibodies by rabbit anti allotype IgG antibodies. Large variability (from a low of 2 to a high of over 100) was found in augmentation efficiency even with the same anti-allotype antibody; the variability was primarily the function of the anti-hapten antibody. It was concluded that quantitative studies on anti-hapten IgG production relying on augmented hemolysis may lead to misleading conclusions. PMID- 3497339 TI - Antibodies in procainamide-induced and systemic lupus erythematosus bind the C terminus of histone 1 (H1). AB - The sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and drug-induced lupus (DIL) were used to study the antigenic regions of histone 1 (H1) that bind antibodies in these sera. ELISA and immunoblotting techniques using enzymatically and chemically derived peptides of H1 showed that the major antigenic domain is in the carboxyl (C) terminus. None of the 24 SLE or 11 DIL sera bound to the central hydrophobic polypeptide by ELISA. The reactivity of DIL sera with the purified H1 peptides was similar to that observed with SLE sera. This observation suggests a common immune pathway for DIL and SLE. PMID- 3497340 TI - [Breast feeding studies 1981-1983 in 1,500 mothers in Dortmund and Haltern. III. Rates of breast feeding and duration of breast feeding in the first half year]. AB - With two collectives of mothers from the large maternity wards in Dortmund (n = 998) and Haltern (n = 500) breast-feeding patterns were studied prospectively after dismissal. 95 and 93% of initially breast-feeding mothers kept simple protocols of duration and intensity of breast-feeding. 20 and 13% respectively of the breast-feeding mothers in Dortmund and Haltern stopped breast-feeding within 3 days following discharge, only 2 and 6% respectively of all mothers fully breast-fed for a period of a months as recommended. Already from the beginning of the 2nd month some mothers introduced (unnecessarily) juices as Beikost. Reasons given by the mothers for termination of breast-feeding were mostly connected with problems concerning the mother (50%) and nursing problems (35%). Statistical analysis (Cox proportional hazards model) revealed that the mothers' age (less than 25 years), low educational level, bad breast-feeding experience and use of a pump significantly reduce duration of breast-feeding. Promotion and support of breast-feeding is urgently needed especially during the first weeks after birth and with inexperienced, young and less educated mothers. PMID- 3497337 TI - Idiotypic relationships between allotypically different rabbit antibodies. AB - Homozygous rabbits genotypically different for the allotypy of the VH region and the C kappa region of their immunoglobulins (al/al, b4/b4 and a3/a3, b5/b5, respectively) were transferred together at the blastocyst stage to be born from the same foster mother. At the time of transfer the foster mothers were active anti-anti-idiotypic (Ab3) antibody producers and, according to their own genotype, the idiotypes (Ab1) which initiated the immunization cascade ending with their Ab3 were allotypically either a1,b4 or a3,b5. This experimental scheme was carried out, at the level of the Ab1 and of the Ab'1 (antibodies produced by the transferred rabbits subjected to the Ab3 action), with three different exogenous antigens, namely a protein, a polysaccharide and a hapten which elicited in normal rabbits the production of antibodies with private idiotypic specificities. Two of them, the protein and the polysaccharide enabled us to find idiotypic relationships between antibodies totally different for their allotypy and particularly for the allotypy of the variable region of their heavy chains. In these examples, the structural coercions implied by the different allotypic markers of the VH did not seem to prevent the association of at least related genetic elements responsible for the observed idiotypic community. In these idiotypic relationships, only subpopulations of the Ab1 and of the Ab'1 were implicated and they could be different for the diverse littermates. PMID- 3497341 TI - [Interdigitating reticulum cell hyperplasia simulating histiocytosis X of the lymph nodes]. PMID- 3497342 TI - Problems and pitfalls in assessing human T-lymphocyte mutant frequencies. AB - The measurement of 6-thioguanine-resistant frequencies in human T-lymphocytes has been used to quantitate the in vivo HPRT mutant frequency. The data so far indicate a large variability in normal healthy individuals. The reliability with which wells are identified for clonal growth in the assay was investigated using 5 different methods of scoring: visual scoring, uptake of [3H]thymidine (either by cut off point or by statistical analysis), cell count and cytogenetic analysis. None of these methods presented a viable means of scoring the assay. An examination of the statistical precision of the assay under the limitations imposed by the experimental conditions leads to the conclusion that there is a large inherent error associated with the estimated mutant frequencies. Analysis of the T-lymphocyte subpopulations by cell surface monoclonal antibodies also leads us to believe that the observed mutant frequencies may not be representative of the true in vivo mutant frequencies. If the assay is to be used as a sensitive screen for individual or population exposure to possible mutagens, a closer understanding of the biology of the assay is indicated, and a comprehensive reevaluation of the methodology required. The utility of the system for studying qualitative aspects of human mutagenesis is not in doubt. PMID- 3497343 TI - Aminoglycosides and 3,4-diaminopyridine on neuromuscular block caused by botulinum type A toxin. AB - Impulse-evoked transmitter release was greatly reduced at frog neuromuscular junctions 3-20 days after botulinum type A toxin (BoTx) poisoning. The reduction in transmitter release was accompanied by an increased variability in the latency between the presynaptic spike and the release of transmitter. The aminoglycoside antibiotics amikacin, gentamycin, and bekanamycin, when applied at concentrations within their therapeutic levels, markedly enhanced the blockade of transmitter release in BoTx-poisoned junctions. 3,4-diaminopyridine strongly antagonized the effects of BoTx at early stages of poisoning, and the combined presynaptic effects of BoTx and aminoglycoside antibiotics provided that transmitter release was not completely blocked by the toxin. The antagonism was apparent at all frequencies of stimulation. Since the aminoglycoside antibiotics enhanced the neuromuscular block caused by BoTx, these drugs should be avoided in patients suspected of poisoning by this toxin. PMID- 3497344 TI - Effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on myelopoiesis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We administered recombinant (biosynthetic) human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to 16 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and leukopenia (2225 +/- 614 cells per microliter [mean +/- SD]). Each patient first received a single intravenous dose; 48 hours later a 14-day continuous intravenous infusion of the agent was begun. The doses used were 1.3 X 10(3) (n = 4), 2.6 X 10(3) (n = 4), 5.2 X 10(3) (n = 4), 1.0 X 10(4) (n = 3), or 2.0 X 10(4) (n = 1) U per kilogram of body weight per day. Administration of recombinant GM-CSF resulted in dose-dependent increases in circulating leukocytes and in increases in circulating neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. The peak leukocyte count ranged from 4575 +/- 2397 cells per microliter at the lowest dose, to 48,700 in the patient receiving the highest dose. Mild side effects--low grade fever, myalgia, phlebitis, and flushing--were observed in some patients; there were no life-threatening toxic reactions. Our data demonstrate that recombinant human GM-CSF is well tolerated and biologically active in leukopenic patients with AIDS. Strategies to increase the number and function of circulating leukocytes may reduce the morbidity and mortality of infections in these and other patients with leukopenia. PMID- 3497345 TI - Hope for hematopoietic hormones. PMID- 3497346 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-1987. A 46-year-old man with right-lower-quadrant pain and thickening of the wall of the cecum. PMID- 3497348 TI - Troleandomycin and methylprednisolone for treatment of the hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 3497347 TI - Production of lymphotoxin, a bone-resorbing cytokine, by cultured human myeloma cells. AB - Myeloma cells destroy bone by producing an osteoclast-stimulating factor that has chemical and biological characteristics similar to the bone-resorbing activity present in the supernatants of activated leukocyte cultures. Recently, a number of bone-resorbing leukocyte cytokines have been identified, including interleukin 1, lymphotoxin, and tumor necrosis factor. We have examined the products of human myeloma cells for the presence of these bone-resorbing cytokines. In a tumor cell line derived from a patient who had myeloma with osteolytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia, we found that the myeloma cells induced bone-resorbing activity and cytotoxic activity in vitro. Most of the bone-resorbing activity and all cytotoxic activity were suppressed by neutralizing antibodies to lymphotoxin. The myeloma cells expressed both lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor mRNA, but no tumor necrosis factor could be detected in the cell-culture medium. Interleukin-1 mRNA was not detected in the myeloma cells, and biologic activity of interleukin 1 was not measurable in the medium harvested from the cultured cells. The bone resorbing activity induced by recombinant tumor necrosis factor and recombinant interleukin-1 was not affected by treatment with the lymphotoxin antibodies. When lymphotoxin was infused subcutaneously into normal mice (10 micrograms per day for three days), their plasma calcium levels increased. We also evaluated four established cell lines derived from three other patients with myeloma, and found a similar pattern of lymphotoxin expression in each. It appears that production of the bone-resorbing cytokine lymphotoxin is related to osteoclastic bone destruction and hypercalcemia in patients with myeloma. PMID- 3497349 TI - Structural characteristics of an antigen required for its interaction with Ia and recognition by T cells. AB - A detailed analysis of the residues within an immunogenic peptide that endow it with the capacity to interact with Ia and to be recognized by T cells is presented. Ia interacts with only a few of the peptide residues and overall exhibits a very broad specificity. Some residues appear to interact both with Ia and with T cells, leading to a model in which a peptide antigen is 'sandwiched' between Ia and the T-cell receptor. PMID- 3497350 TI - Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. AB - The characterization of HIV-1 (HTLV-III/LAV), the human retrovirus associated with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect CD4-bearing T lymphocytes. Simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (STLV-IIIMAC) induces symptoms similar to those of AIDS in infected macaques, but isolates from African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) and mangabeys (STLV-IIMM) appear to be non-pathogenic in these animals. A human virus immunologically related to STLV-IIIAGM (HTLV-IV), reported to have been isolated from healthy humans, has been shown to be almost identical to STLV-IIIAGM, which has called into question the independent origin of these viruses. Here we report the complete DNA sequence of STLV-IIIAGM and analyse its relationship with the genomes of the HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV-1, HIV-2ROD (previously called LAV-2) and several ungulate lentiretroviruses. STLV-IIIAGM and HIV-2 are closely related, and more distantly related to HIV-1. PMID- 3497351 TI - Possible positive autocrine feedback in the prereplicative phase of human fibroblasts. AB - The growth of normal diploid fibroblasts is generally thought to be tightly controlled by exogenous growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Subversion of a growth factor pathway at a regulatory point is considered to be a key event in neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesis. Thus, simian sarcoma virus has acquired the gene encoding the B-chain of PDGF and there is direct experimental proof that SSV transformation is mediated by a PDGF-like growth factor. There is accumulating evidence that PDGF-like molecules are also synthesized and released by certain normal cells, suggesting an important role of cellularly produced PDGF in development and tissue regeneration. We now present evidence that a transient expression of the gene encoding the PDGF A-chain, and the synthesis and release of functional A-chain homodimers, is an early event in the prereplicative phase of normal human foreskin fibroblasts exposed to PDGF or EGF. Since these cells are PDGF-responsive, the results imply the existence of a positive autocrine signal that may serve as an amplifier of the mitogenic response under certain conditions. PMID- 3497352 TI - [A red eye in intravenous drug use]. PMID- 3497353 TI - [Segmental inhibitory reactions in the spinal cord of the frog in response to orthodromic motor neuron activation]. AB - Ventral root reflexes evoked by a single dorsal root volley were recorded in the isolated frog spinal cord. They varied from asynchronous, low-amplitude response to highly synchronized monosynaptic discharge in different preparations. The response to a testing stimulus could be facilitated or inhibited, respectively. The inhibition was weaker at interstimulus intervals of about 40-50 ms and stronger either at longer (60-100 ms) or at shorter (15-30 ms) intervals, thus testifying to the existence of at least two types of inhibition: early and late. Strychnine effectively blocked the late inhibition and facilitated the early one; d-tubocurarine considerably weakened both types of inhibition. A conclusion is made that the late (presynaptic) inhibition is produced by activation of the inhibitory systems through recurrent motoneuron axon collaterals. Recurrent activation may also take part in the origin of the early (postsynaptic) inhibition. PMID- 3497354 TI - [Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia by glycerol gangliolysis of the trigeminal ganglion]. AB - Sixteen cases are reported treated with glycerol gangliolysis of Gasser's ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia. Glycerol was injected into Meckel's cavum from the percutaneous approach of Hartel with radiological monitoring. In the follow up from 6 months to 2 years in 75% of cases no recurrence of neuralgia was observed. No complications were noted. The method seems to be particularly indicated in elderly patients and those with concomitant internal diseases in whom a decompressing operation in the area of the cerebellopontine angle is connected with greater risk. PMID- 3497355 TI - [Treatment of spasticity by electrostimulation methods]. PMID- 3497356 TI - Gamma-melanotropin response to ovine corticotropin releasing factor in normal humans. AB - Plasma gamma-melanotropin was measured by a gamma 3MSH-specific radioimmunoassay before and after a single bolus intravenous infusion of ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF; 0.1 microgram/kg) in seven normal men. A significant increase of gamma 3MSH was observed 15 minutes post-oCRF infusion, which paralleled a similar increase in plasma cortisol. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the observed increase was attributable to elevations of 9K and 4K forms of gamma 3MSH immunoreactivity. Affinity chromatography demonstrated that the majority of gamma 3MSH immunoreactivity in human plasma is glycosylated. As the smaller forms of gamma 3MSH are felt to have endocrine activity at the adrenal cortex, these changes may be physiologically relevant. PMID- 3497357 TI - Recovery of spinal cord function induced by direct current stimulation of the injured rat spinal cord. AB - Direct current stimulation has been shown by others to enhance the regeneration of several types of tissues, including nervous tissue in some species. The purpose of the present experiment was to assess the value of direct current stimulation for enhancing the recovery of spinal cord function after clip compression injury of the rat spinal cord. Twenty Wistar rats underwent a 1 minute, 50-g clip compression injury at T-1, after which electrodes were placed epidurally with the anode proximal and the cathode distal to the injury site. These electrodes were attached to a stimulator implanted subcutaneously. Ten animals received stimulators that produced a constant current of 14 microA, and the remainder received stimulators with no electrical output and served as controls. Assignment of stimulators was random, and the treatment group was not identified until sacrifice. Neurological function was tested weekly for 15 weeks by the inclined plane technique, after which the animals were killed and the injured cords were examined for histological evidence of regeneration. The mean inclined plane result for the treatment group (39 +/- 5 degrees) was significantly better than that for the control group (31 +/- 6 degrees) (P less than 0.02), although there was no significant difference in histological findings between the two groups. Thus, direct current stimulation of the injured mammalian spinal cord produced improvement in neurological function and warrants further investigation. PMID- 3497358 TI - Malignant nerve sheath tumor of the facial nerve: case report and discussion. AB - The third reported case of a malignant nerve sheath tumor of the facial nerve is presented. The clinical course and pathological findings are described and serve as the basis for a discussion concerning malignant nerve sheath tumors arising in the cranial nerves. PMID- 3497359 TI - Cerebellopontine angle tumor causing contralateral trigeminal neuralgia: a case report. AB - A case of trigeminal neuralgia caused by a contralateral acoustic neurinoma is reported. The patient's tic pain was completely alleviated after removal of the tumor. Previously reported cases of trigeminal neuralgia caused by contralateral cerebellopontine angle tumors are reviewed, and the pathophysiology of this disorder is discussed. PMID- 3497360 TI - The normal pituitary examined with positron emission tomography and (methyl-11C) L-methionine and (methyl-11C)-D-methionine. AB - Four patients with radiologically normal pituitary gland were examined with positron emission tomography after the administration of (methyl-11C)-L methionine. On a following day the examination was repeated with (methyl-11C)-D methionine. The accumulation rate of L-methionine in the pituitary was measured, giving a value that was about twice that of normal brain tissue. The accumulation rate of D-methionine in the pituitary was almost a factor of 10 lower than that of L-methionine. In the normal brain tissue that ratio was 2.3. The study clearly indicates that the methionine uptake in the pituitary is stereospecific. 11C-D methionine is freely distributed in the tissue without entrapment, whereas 11C-L methionine is irreversibly bound. It is concluded that PET with 11C-L-methionine can be used to study amino acid utilization in the pituitary. PMID- 3497361 TI - The association of the supernormal period and the depolarizing afterpotential in myelinated frog and rat sciatic nerve. AB - Excitability properties of isolated frog and rat sciatic nerve fibers were examined using intra-axonal and sucrose-gap recording techniques. Paired stimulation experiments on rat myelinated fibers indicate that a small proportion (11%; n = 84) of these axons demonstrate decreased threshold indicative of a supernormal period. In contrast, 81% (n = 23) of frog axons displayed a supernormal period. A depolarizing afterpotential was observed in most of the rat and frog fibers having a supernormal period and the depolarizing afterpotential increased in magnitude and duration during hyperpolarization. In addition to whole nerve stimulation, a supernormal period could be induced by stimulation of a single axon via current passage through the recording microelectrode. Brief (2 5 ms) subthreshold depolarizing pulses were followed by a slowly decaying depolarization and a period of increased excitability that mimicked the supernormal period. A supernormal period was also observed in the whole nerve preparation using a sucrose-gap technique. The magnitude and duration of the supernormal period, as measured in the sucrose-gap, were greater for frog nerve than for rat nerve. Additionally, a larger postspike negativity, the extracellular equivalent of the intra-axonally observed depolarizing afterpotential, was present in sucrose-gap recordings for frog nerve than for rat nerve. The results indicate that the depolarizing afterpotential is an important determinant of the supernormal period, and that both the depolarizing afterpotential and supernormal period are more prominent in frog than in rat sciatic nerve. PMID- 3497362 TI - A projection from the mesencephalic tegmentum to the nucleus isthmi in the frogs, Rana pipiens and Acris crepitans. AB - The nucleus isthmi is a prominent part of the frog's visual system. Each nucleus isthmi receives input from the ipsilateral tectum and sends output to both tecta. Until now, no non-tectal inputs to the nucleus isthmi of amphibians have been demonstrated. Anterograde and retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase in Rana pipiens and Acris crepitans now reveal that a diffuse group of cells in the mesencephalic tegmentum projects to the caudal region of the contralateral nucleus isthmi. These cells are primarily within the nucleus anterodorsalis tegmenti. This same group of tegmental cells may also project to the caudal region of the ipsilateral nucleus isthmi. A similar investigation of the brain of another frog, Xenopus laevis, has not revealed any evidence of this tegmento isthmic projection. PMID- 3497364 TI - [Hemorrhage caused by erosions and gastric stress ulcers. Surgical problems]. PMID- 3497363 TI - Human task-specific somatosensory activation. AB - We used positron emission tomography to study normal patterns of local cortical metabolic activation induced by somatosensory stimuli. Palpation and sorting of mah-jongg tiles by textured design increased local glucose metabolic rate (lCMRgl), by 18% on average, in contralateral somatosensory cortex. A graphesthesia task gave a similar result. In contrast, vigorous vibrotactile stimulation of fingers, face, or knee did not produce a consistent focus of activation. Our results indicate that lCMRgl activation is best achieved by somatosensory tasks requiring an active perceptual effort. PMID- 3497365 TI - [Gastric hemangioma: a cause of digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3497366 TI - Changes in lipid peroxidation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in mouse brain homogenates. AB - We studied the effect of the Parkinson-inducing drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and of its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on lipid peroxidation in mouse brain homogenates in vitro. MPTP (0.35-1.4 mM) inhibited both spontaneous and Fe2+-induced peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. MPP+, on the other hand, produced a slight enhancement of lipid peroxidation at 1.4 and 2.1 mM concentrations. These results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanisms of MPTP and MPP+ neurotoxicity. PMID- 3497368 TI - The neuroleptic malignant syndrome after open heart surgery: successful treatment with bromocriptine. PMID- 3497367 TI - Infectious interstitial emphysema in AIDS. PMID- 3497369 TI - Histamine in the human eye. AB - Various ocular structures (iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, sclera, optic nerve) were enucleated from human eyes suffering endophthalmitis, perforative wounds of cornea and/or sclera, or uncontrolled glaucoma, and were tested for their histamine content. All of the tested tissues contained histamine with the highest and the lowest values always found in the uvea and retina, respectively. The eyes of the 'endophthalmitis' group showed histamine levels 5-10 times higher than amine levels found in the traumatized eyes, whereas the eyes of the 'glaucoma' group were characterized by intermediate amine contents. PMID- 3497371 TI - Lattice dystrophy type 1: a report of 8 families. AB - Eight families with lattice corneal dystrophy are reported. The symptoms and signs are almost identical with the typical lattice corneal dystrophy type 1 in western countries. Lattice corneal dystrophy has been considered to be a rare disease until recently, but it might be a more common disorder. This is the first report of a large series of lattice corneal dystrophy in Japan. PMID- 3497370 TI - The honeycomb type of Reis-Bucklers' dystrophy of the cornea: biometrics and an interpretation. AB - Corneal thickness increases with advancing age in patients with the honeycomb type of Reis-Bucklers' dystrophy, affecting visual acuity. A linear relationship is found between these parameters. Also, corneal sensitivity decreases with increasing corneal thickness. The latter may be an import factor in the decrease of ocular irritation later in life in these patients. PMID- 3497372 TI - [T lymphocyte subpopulations in various glomerulopathies]. PMID- 3497373 TI - [Role of short-range acting protein factors in regulating osteogenesis in normal states and in pathology]. PMID- 3497374 TI - T-lymphocytes: an update. PMID- 3497375 TI - The mononuclear phagocyte as antigen-presenting cell. PMID- 3497377 TI - [Rendu-Osler disease as a cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a 9-year-old girl]. PMID- 3497376 TI - Human B cell maturation and immune regulation. PMID- 3497378 TI - Second episodes of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease following rifampin prophylaxis of the index patients. AB - Patients treated for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease frequently remain nasopharyngeal carriers of that organism and fail to develop protective concentrations of serum antibody. It has been suggested that rifampin prophylaxis of the index patient may prevent recurrence of disease by eliminating type b Haemophilus carriage. We report nine children who developed second episodes of disease 1 week or more after receiving rifampin prophylaxis. The median interval between the last dose of rifampin and admission to the hospital for the second episode was 70 days (range, 9 to 138). Analysis of biotypes and outer membrane protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of paired isolates from eight cases revealed that the second episodes in two of the children were caused by acquisition of new type b Haemophilus strains, whereas the second episodes in the remaining six children were caused by isolates which were indistinguishable from the respective isolates from the first episodes. Rifampin prophylaxis of the index patient may prevent some episodes of recurrent disease. However, in some patients who have received prophylaxis, second episodes can occur, probably as a result of reacquisition of the organism from contacts who did not receive rifampin or from acquisition of new type b strains. PMID- 3497379 TI - Relation of the outcome of conjunctivitis and the conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome to identifiable risk factors and oral antimicrobial therapy. AB - The epidemiology, microbiology and clinical outcome of the conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome (CJ-AOM) was investigated in a rural private practice concurrent to a double blind placebo-controlled study of orally administered amoxicillin for prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) secondary to conjunctivitis. Bacterial pathogens were isolated when greater than 15 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/high power field were observed on Gram-stained smear of conjunctival secretions. Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae biotype 2 predominated in CJ-AOM; however, Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated nearly as frequently as H. influenzae in conjunctivitis without AOM. Younger age (P = 0.001) and more episodes of AOM in the previous year (P = 0.006) were risk factors for CJ-AOM. Persistence of AOM was frequently observed in CJ-AOM. The frequency of AOM secondary to conjunctivitis was reduced (P = .01) in amoxicillin recipients (2 of 41) compared with placebo (11 of 42), but amoxicillin failed to eradicate nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae. More episodes of AOM per year (P less than 0.001) and day care (P less than 0.001) were found to be risk factors for AOM secondary to conjunctivitis. PMID- 3497380 TI - Factors influencing immunogenicity and safety of two Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccines in children 18 and 24 months of age. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide vaccine produced by two manufacturers (Connaught and Praxis) in children 18 and 24 months of age. Eighty-five children were evaluated in a prospective, double blind, randomized fashion. Postvaccination antibody concentrations (measured by radioimmunoassay) and response rates were not significantly different between the two manufacturers' vaccines but immunogenicity was significantly less in 18-month old children (antibody concentration, 0.149 microgram/ml) compared with 24-month old children (0.838 microgram/ml) (P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the safety of the two vaccines. This study suggests that previously observed differences of immunogenicity data between various type b capsular polysaccharide vaccines are due to differences in antibody assays, not in vaccines. Eighteen-month-old children appear to have a relatively poor immune response to type b capsular polysaccharide. Therefore to optimize the benefits of immunization, we suggest children receive this vaccine at 24 months of age. PMID- 3497381 TI - Adverse reactions reported following receipt of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: an analysis after 1 year of marketing. AB - An analysis of adverse reactions occurring after receipt of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and reported to the Food and Drug Administration during the first year of marketing of the product was performed. During the period April 1985 to May 1986, adverse reaction reports on 152 patients, excluding those of vaccine failure and concurrent infection, were received. Several adverse reactions not previously recognized, including convulsions, allergic reactions such as anaphylactoid-like and serum sickness-like reactions, and vomiting were received. The vast majority of adverse reactions were benign. Because there are many biases that result in the reporting of or failure to report an adverse reaction, it is not possible to derive a rate of reactions from these data. Furthermore, causality cannot be inferred from any single report. The data, however, indicate that, in light of widespread use of the vaccine, its use appears to be safe. PMID- 3497382 TI - [Autolymphocytotoxic antibodies in children with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3497383 TI - Stiffness of frog muscle fibres during rise of tension and relaxation in fixed end or length-clamped tetani. AB - Stiffness measurements were performed during the rise, the plateau and the relaxation of tetanic contractions both in whole single muscle fibres and in tendon-free fibre segments under either fixed-end or length-clamp conditions. Fibres were isolated from the tibialis anterior muscle of the frog. Experiments were performed at 2-6 degrees C. Changes in length of tendon-free fibre segments were monitored by means of a "striation follower", an opto-electronic device which, during contraction, measured sarcomere displacement at the level of two selected regions of a fibre. Fast length perturbations imposed at one tendon end of a fibre during the plateau of tetanic contractions distribute uniformly along its length. During the tetanus rise stiffness led isometric tension in whole fibres under fixed conditions as well as in tendon-free fibre segments under length-clamp conditions. It was confirmed that a significant part of the unlinearity of T1 relations is determined by tendon compliance. During the isometric phase of relaxation in fixed-end tetani, the decline of tension led that of stiffness both in whole fibres and in tendon-free fibre segments. It is concluded that the shift observed between stiffness and tension during tetanus rise and relaxation represents a true specific event in the contractile process. PMID- 3497384 TI - [The anti-tumor activity of direct current--an effective adjuvant therapy to irradiation]. PMID- 3497385 TI - CpG and TpA frequencies in the plant system. AB - Higher plant nuclear sequences reveal avoidance of CpG and TpA doublets. Chloroplast sequences avoid the TpA doublet in all codon positions. The chloroplast genome is not methylated but codon positions II-III and untranslated regions avoid CpG. The mitochondrial genome, also unmethylated, avoids CpG in all codon positions. We therefore deduce that methylation is not sufficient to explain CpG avoidance in the higher plant systems. Other factors must be taken into account such as amino acid composition, codon choices and perhaps stability of the DNA helix. PMID- 3497386 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b unsuspected bacteremia. AB - To further define the clinical features and natural history of unsuspected Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteremia, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 322 Hib infections observed during a 45-month period at Children's Hospital, Boston. We identified 31 patients with unsuspected Hib bacteremia and 19 with unsuspected Hib antigenemia and sterile blood cultures. Bacteremic patients were typically under two years of age (81%), had high fevers (mean = 39.5 degrees C), and frequently had otitis media (65%) diagnosed as their only focus of infection at presentation. Nineteen of 31 were empirically treated with oral antibiotics. Ten of 31 (32%) developed focal infectious complications consisting of meningitis (n = 7), cellulitis (n = 2), and pneumonia (n = 1). Children with focal infectious complications differed from those without infectious complications in having a significantly higher mean fever of 40.3 degrees C compared to 39.7 degrees C (P less than 0.05). Five of 19 (26%) empirically treated patients developed focal complications (all meningitis) compared to five of 12 (42%) untreated patients. Blood cultures at follow-up visit were positive in three of 19 (9%) treated patients and seven of 12 (42%) untreated patients (P less than 0.05). Of the 19 children with antigenemia and sterile blood cultures, 16 (84%) were empirically treated with antibiotics, and none had positive blood cultures or focal infections on follow-up evaluation. Children with occult Hib bacteremia are at high risk for developing serious focal infections, particularly meningitis, despite empiric antibiotic therapy. Once Hib bacteremia is suspected, strong consideration should be given to parenteral in hospital antibiotic therapy. The utility of rapid antigen detection for identifying high-risk patients requires further evaluation. PMID- 3497387 TI - [Isotope methods in studying cerebral blood flow--their development and current status]. PMID- 3497388 TI - Relation of personality to adolescent alcohol and drug use: a coping perspective. AB - A link between personality and substance use is established by assuming that (a) substance use which occurs in response to problem situations represents a present oriented, emotion-focused coping behavior, and (b) adolescents who lack ego strength and ego control are more likely to rely on emotion-focused coping behaviors. Longitudinal data used to test the validity of these assumptions indicate that above-average levels of use intensity and of coping use are exhibited by adolescents who either maintain below-average levels of ego strength and ego control or who fall from average to below-average levels over a 3-year interval. PMID- 3497389 TI - Epidemiology of alcoholism. AB - This paper reviews current data on the epidemiology of alcoholism in the United States. The findings from the epidemiologic catchment area study of the National Institute of Mental Health are presented. In addition, a distinction between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence is possible using similarly obtained epidemiologic data from other randomized household studies. The problem of adolescent alcohol use and abuse is reviewed and populations today which are at particular risk for alcoholism are discussed. PMID- 3497390 TI - Stages in involvement with drugs. AB - There are distinct stages in involvement with drugs, and data obtained in the 1985 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse are presented to show the extent to which people follow these stages. Cigarette smoking usually precedes consumption of alcoholic beverages, and use of these licit substances precedes use of marijuana and cocaine. PMID- 3497391 TI - Drug abuse among junior high school students in Norway. AB - The use of legal and illegal drugs was screened by a questionnaire of 2,265 junior high school adolescents in a rural and semirural area in Norway. Mental symptoms were independently assessed by a personal interview of a random sample of 177 of the pupils. An index of total environmental adversity was developed based on questionnaire items from family, school and leisure time activities. There was a strong relationship between smoking, the level of alcohol consumption and the use of cannabis and other drugs. Pupils who had used cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, solutions (sniffing) and tranquillizers, all had higher frequencies of mental symptoms than nonusers. The connection between smoking and mental symptoms was stronger in the females than in the males. Smoking, level of alcohol consumption, cannabis use, sniffing and the use of tranquillizers and other psychotropic drugs were all strongly related to an index of global environmental adversity. PMID- 3497392 TI - Long-term outcomes of heavy marijuana use among adolescents. AB - In order to better understand the long-term outcomes of heavy marijuana use among adolescents, 17 adolescent and 15 adult users were intensively studied over a several-year period. Among both the adolescents and the adults, heavy use of the drug was found to have similar adaptive or defensive functions, fostering a detachment from the painful or unpleasant realities of their lives. This suggests that for a large number of adolescents, both the marijuana behavior and the psychosocial patterns associated with it are brought forward into adulthood. PMID- 3497393 TI - Psychiatric aspects of cannabis use in adolescents and young adults. AB - A review of the psychiatric symptoms connected with cannabis use in adolescents and young adults is presented. Use of cannabis among teenagers can be perceived as a way of escaping from different kinds of conflicts in life. Cannabis use may be a way to provoke the parents. At the same time it is self-destructive and risky. Anxiety reactions, psychotic breakdowns may follow use. Heavy cannabis use may cause an 'amotivational syndrome'. The effects on the CNS seem to be reversible. PMID- 3497394 TI - Don't use electric shock for snakebite. PMID- 3497395 TI - [Clinical aspects of primary tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in young children]. PMID- 3497396 TI - [Information value of liquid-crystal thermography of the Mantoux test reaction in determining the activity of the tuberculous process in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3497397 TI - Pneumocystis infection in macaque monkeys: Macaca fuscata fuscata and Macaca fascicularis. AB - Retrospective examination of lungs from 128 monkey necropsies was attempted for Pneumocystis infection using special strains, including toluidine blue-O and Gomori's methenamine silver nitrate. Four Japanese monkeys (7.7%), Macaca fuscata fuscata, and one crab-eating monkey (7.7%), Macaca fascicularis, were found to have Pneumocystis infection. The organism was found in young and infant animals. At the time of death, one infant and two young monkeys were debilitated and/or emaciated. Pneumocystis infection was considered an important lesion which could have caused reduced respiratory function in two of the Japanese monkeys, but constituted only an incidental finding in the others. PMID- 3497398 TI - Amino acid sequence of the von Willebrand factor-binding domain of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. AB - We report the amino acid sequence of a 299-residue segment from the alpha chain of the human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. This includes the complete sequence of the amino-terminal tryptic fragment of 290 residues comprising the von Willebrand factor-binding domain. Two primary sets of overlapping fragments were obtained by cleavage of the S-carboxymethylated protein at methionyl and lysyl bonds following treatment with cyanogen bromide and Achromobacter protease I, respectively. Additional fragments were obtained by treatment of native glycocalicin with trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and Serratia marcescens protease. Analysis of all these fragments provided data that allowed determination of the continuous sequence corresponding to approximately half of the alpha-chain polypeptide. This region of glycoprotein Ib is largely hydrophobic and contains only two N-linked and one O-linked carbohydrate chains. A hydrophilic region exists between residues 215 and 299, which contains a cluster of 10 negatively charged residues at 269-287. This area is likely to attract positively charged molecules. The hydrophilic, highly glycosylated (at serine and threonine residues) region corresponding to the previously described "macroglycopeptide" and representing the carboxyl-terminal half of the alpha chain is likely to begin at residue 292. The determined sequence of the alpha chain of glycoprotein Ib contains a region (residues 29-193) with seven repeats, which is indicative of gene duplication and is highly homologous to human leucine rich alpha 2-glycoprotein. This protein sequence agrees completely with that deduced from the cDNA sequence reported by Lopez et al. [Lopez, J.A., Chung, D.W., Fujikawa, K., Hagen, F.S., Papayannopoulou, T. & Roth, G.J. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 5615-5619]. PMID- 3497399 TI - P450XXI (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene deletions are not found in family studies of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common genetic disorder due to defective 21-hydroxylation of steroid hormones. The human P450XXIA2 gene encodes cytochrome P450c21 [steroid 21-monooxygenase (steroid 21-hydroxylase), EC 1.14.99.10], which mediates 21-hydroxylation. The P450XXIA2 gene may be distinguished from the duplicated P450XXIA1 pseudogene by cleavage with the restriction endonuclease Taq I, with the XXIA2 gene characterized by a 3.7 kilobase (kb) fragment and the XXIA1 pseudogene characterized by a 3.2-kb fragment. Restriction endonuclease mapping by several laboratories has suggested that deletion of the P450XXIA2 gene occurs in about 25% of patients with CAH, as their genomic DNA lacks detectable 3.7-kb Taq I fragments. We have cloned human P450c21 cDNA and used it to study genomic DNA prepared from 51 persons in 10 families, each of which includes 2 or more persons with CAH. After Taq I digestion, apparent deletions are seen in 7 of the 20 alleles of the probands; using EcoRI, apparent deletions are seen in 9 of the 20 alleles. However, the apparently deleted alleles seen with Taq I do not coincide with those seen with EcoRI. Furthermore, studies with Bgl II, EcoRI, Kpn I, and Xba I yield normal patterns with at least two enzymes in all cases. Since all probands yielded normal patterns with at least two of the five enzymes used, we conclude that the P450XXIA2 gene "deletions" widely reported in CAH patients probably represent gene conversions, unequal crossovers, or polymorphisms rather than simple gene deletions. PMID- 3497400 TI - The interleukin 3 gene is located on human chromosome 5 and is deleted in myeloid leukemias with a deletion of 5q. AB - The gene IL-3 encodes interleukin 3, a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that is capable of supporting the proliferation of a broad range of hematopoietic cell types. By using somatic cell hybrids and in situ chromosomal hybridization, we localized this gene to human chromosome 5 at bands q23-31, a chromosomal region that is frequently deleted [del(5q)] in patients with myeloid disorders. By in situ hybridization, IL-3 was found to be deleted in the 5q chromosome of one patient with refractory anemia who had a del(5)(q15q33.3), of three patients with refractory anemia (two patients) or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) de novo who had a similar distal breakpoint [del(5)(q13q33.3)], and of a fifth patient, with therapy-related ANLL, who had a similar distal breakpoint in band q33 [del(5)(q14q33.3)]. Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrids retaining the normal or the deleted chromosome 5 from two patients with the refractory anemia 5q- syndrome indicated that IL-3 sequences were absent form the hybrids retaining the deleted chromosome 5 but not from hybrids that had a cytologically normal chromosome 5. Thus, a small segment of chromosome 5 contains IL-3, GM-CSF (the gene encoding granulocyte-macrophage-CSF), CSF-1 (the gene encoding macrophage-CSF), and FMS (the human c-fms protooncogene, which encodes the CSF-1 receptor). Our findings and earlier results indicating that GM-CSF, CSF 1, and FMS were deleted in the 5q-chromosome, suggest that loss of IL-3 or of other CSF genes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hematologic disorders associated with a del(5q). PMID- 3497401 TI - Local cerebral metabolic effects of L-dopa therapy in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism in monkeys. AB - The quantitative 2-deoxy[14C]glucose autoradiographic method was used to map the distribution of alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization that accompanies clinically effective chronic L-dopa therapy of rhesus monkeys made parkinsonian by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This pattern of changes was compared to the effects of a similar treatment regimen in normal monkeys. L-Dopa (100 mg with 10 mg carbidopa) was administered orally to normal and parkinsonian monkeys 3 times daily for 60-120 days prior to measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization. In parkinsonian monkeys treated with L-dopa, signs and symptoms of parkinsonism were controlled or suppressed, and widespread increases in glucose utilization were seen throughout the brain. Cerebral metabolic activity was increased both in areas rich in dopaminergic receptors, such as the caudate and putamen, and in nondopaminergic areas involved in motor functions. In many structures the rates of glucose utilization in L-dopa-treated parkinsonian monkeys were increased to levels that far exceeded rates measured in normal monkeys. In sharp contrast, similar treatment with L-dopa in normal monkeys had little if any effect on local cerebral glucose utilization. L-Dopa, then, appears to have an action in animals with selective lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta produced by MPTP that is distinctly different from its effects in the normal monkey. PMID- 3497402 TI - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on hematopoiesis in long-term human bone marrow cultures. AB - The modulatory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D) on the growth of myeloid progenitors and on the composition of the stromal layer in human bone marrow long-term cultures was studied. Vit D (2 X 10(-8) M) caused an enhancement in myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-C) growth in the nonadherent and adherent layers during the entire 5-week incubation period. The vitamin did not alter the differentiation pattern of CFU-C (monocyte-macrophage progenitors CFU-M, granulocytic progenitors CFU-G, or monocyte-granulocyte progenitors CFU-GM). Vit D caused a marked increase in the percentage of lipid-containing cells in the adherent layer and an increase in the number of cells that specifically bound My4 monoclonal antibody (McAb), that reacted positively to fluoride-sensitive alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, and that phagocytosed Candida albicans (CA). Concentrated supernatants harvested from control cultures showed significant levels of myeloid colony stimulating factor (CSF) activity. The addition of vit D to cultures for 5 weeks did not alter CSF levels. These results suggest that vit D may play a role in hematopoiesis by acting directly on the progenitor cells or via the stromal cell production of stimulatory factor(s). PMID- 3497403 TI - Prevention of ethanol-induced vascular injury and gastric mucosal lesions by sucralfate and its components: possible role of endogenous sulfhydryls. AB - We tested the hypothesis that sucralfate, which contains eight sulfate and aluminum molecules on a sucrose and its other components might decrease ethanol induced vascular injury and hemorrhagic mucosal lesions through a sulfhydryl (SH) sensitive process. Experiments performed in rats revealed that the entire sucralfate molecule is not a prerequisite for protection against ethanol-induced mucosal vascular injury and erosions. It appears that sulfate and sucrose octasulfate are potent components of sucralfate, although an equimolar amount of sucralfate is at least twice as effective in gastroprotection than its components. The SH alkylator N-ethylmaleimide abolished the gastroprotection by sucralfate, suggesting SH-sensitive process in the mucosal protection which seems to be associated with the prevention of rapidly developing vascular injury in the stomach of rats given ethanol. PMID- 3497405 TI - Biologic availability of injected or aerosolized alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 3497404 TI - Inflammatory mediators in patients with ischemic limbs. PMID- 3497406 TI - Studies on shock during extracorporeal circulation during aorto-coronary bypass operations. PMID- 3497407 TI - Inhibition of beta-FXIIa in plasma of volunteers and polytraumatized patients. PMID- 3497408 TI - [Interleukin-2 stimulates the colony-forming activity of in vitro irradiated bone marrow]. AB - The data are presented on the stimulatory effect of interleukin-2 on the formation of spleen exocolonies from bone marrow irradiated in vitro with doses of 0.5 to 2.5 Gy. It is suggested that the effect observed is associated with the increased proliferation of CFUs survived after irradiation. PMID- 3497409 TI - Coronary artery bypass graft patency: noninvasive evaluation with MR imaging. AB - A noninvasive means of determining coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency in symptomatic patients would be an important clinical asset. The accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was evaluated for this purpose. Multiphasic electrocardiographically gated MR imaging examinations were performed in 25 patients with a total of 72 grafts. Transverse images of the heart at ten anatomic levels were obtained at five or six phases of the cardiac cycle. The MR images were read blindly to determine CABG patency versus occlusion, and these results were compared with those of coronary angiography performed within 2 months before the MR imaging. MR imaging correctly disclosed 43 patent grafts and 13 occluded grafts (predictive accuracy, 78%). Patency and occlusion were incorrectly diagnosed from MR imaging findings in five and four CABGs, respectively. CABG status could not be determined in seven (10%) grafts because the grafts were visualized at only one anatomic level. Thus, the accuracy of a definitive MR imaging evaluation was 91% (43 of 47 grafts) for patency determination and 72% (13 of 18 grafts) for occlusion determination. MR imaging appears to be a useful method for the noninvasive evaluation of CABGs. PMID- 3497410 TI - [Accelerator production of radioisotopes and their utilization in fields other than nuclear medicine]. PMID- 3497411 TI - [Count rate characteristics and count loss correction of Positologica II: a whole body positron emission tomograph]. AB - This paper describes evaluation and correction of count rate characteristics of POSITOLOGICA II, a multi-slice whole body positron emission tomography system. The present study was performed using three phantoms; a 5 cm inner diameter, water-filled lucite cylinder, a 20 cm inner diameter, water-filled lucite cylinder and a chest phantom. After injection of high activity (about 1.85 GBq (50 mCi] of 13N ammonia into each phantom, rates of true coincidence, random coincidence and single photon detections were measured during decay of the isotope through more than two orders of magnitude of activity. At very high levels of activity, count rate characteristics of the system were saturated and limited to 660 kcps of total coincidence rate, which was the sum of rates in on time and off-time windows, by the FIFO (first-in first-out) output frequency. Below those levels of activity the relationship between count loss and true coincidence rate was not unique but depended on the phantom configurations, suggesting that count loss correction using the above relationship was inadequate for quantitative study. However, the relationship between count loss and single rate was almost independent of the phantom configurations. Thus in conclusion count loss could be corrected using single rate for POSITOLOGICA II. A practical method of count loss correction was also proposed. PMID- 3497412 TI - [Proposal for a quality control procedure for rotating gamma camera tomographic systems]. AB - Single photon emission computerized tomography using a rotating gamma camera needs accurate calibration of electromechanical components, detection system and reconstruction software. A complete group of quality control procedures, developed on the basis of experience and experimental data acquired using a series of widely used gamma camera SPECT systems is presented. The procedures are divided into controls related to the rotational movement. of the detector and controls on the principal physical parameters characterizing a tomographic image. All quality controls here presented were performed with commercial phantoms. PMID- 3497413 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome, weight loss and lymphadenopathy in a 57-year-old male]. PMID- 3497414 TI - [Tracheo-carotid fistula in an immunosuppressed child during prolonged naso tracheal intubation]. PMID- 3497415 TI - [Usefulness of early endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhages: a critical analysis based on our experience]. PMID- 3497416 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage in the operated stomach. II. Late hemorrhage]. PMID- 3497418 TI - Single-dose treatment of acute urinary tract infections? PMID- 3497417 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity changes in active rheumatic disease in the adult]. PMID- 3497419 TI - [Role of platelet anti-aggregants in cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 3497420 TI - [T lymphocyte activation and its inhibition by cyclosporin A]. PMID- 3497421 TI - T cell subsets in the blast cell population in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood in vitro and in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid in vivo. AB - The immunomodulatory T4/T8 ratio was studied in the total and activated lymphocyte populations by a method combining visualisation of 3H-thymidine incorporating blasts with autoradiography (AR) with simultaneous identification of the respective lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibodies in avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) staining. In rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid the activated T4/T8 ratio (calculated from T cells in the S phase of the cell cycle) was significantly different from the total T4/T8 ratio (calculated for all the T cells) (0.45 +/- 0.05 versus 0.69 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.01). Similarly, the activated and total T4/T8 ratios were also significantly different in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures at days 3 and 5. PMID- 3497422 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting. AB - Traditionally, the method used mostly to identify antinuclear antibody (ANA) specificities is the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique (CIE), in which a salt extract of rabbit thymus powder (so-called extractable nuclear antigen or ENA) serves as the source of antigen. Recently, the immunoblotting technique (IBT) has been introduced in the serology of antinuclear antibodies. A nuclear extract of HeLa cells is generally used as antigen in this method. In this paper, we compared both methods using sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and Anti-SSB were taken into consideration, as the former technique only allowed the identification of these specificities. Within these restrictions, we found that, of 77 patients with SLE, 21 had CIE-detectable antibodies in their circulation and 29 IBT-detectable antibodies. Anti-RNP and anti-SSB were detected more frequently with the CIE than with the IBT; anti-Sm, on the other hand, was detected more frequently with the IBT than with the CIE. Several significant correlations were found between incidences of measured antibody specificities and disease features. The presence of anti-RNP (both if measured with the IBT or with the CIE) was found to be negatively correlated with nephritis. If measured with the IBT, the presence of anti-Sm correlated negatively with hematological disorders, and the presence of anti-SSB correlated positively with renal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497423 TI - Differential abnormality in cell-cycle stage of peripheral B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In order to clarify the stage of abnormal activation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) B cells, we investigated the cell-cycle phase of SLE B cells by flow-cytometric analysis. This study uses the simultaneous flow-cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content and incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, an analogue of thymidine, as indicators for DNA synthesis to detect activated B cells in peripheral blood of patients with SLE. In active SLE, the percentage of B cells increased in the S and G2M phase and decreased in the G0G1 phase as compared with normal control subjects. In inactive SLE, the percentage of B cells in the S phase also increased. Active SLE B cells did not progress through the cell cycle with the stimulation of anti-IgM plus PMA or SAC plus BSF, although normal B cells transit into S and G2M phase with such stimulation. These data suggest that SLE B cells are already activated and shifted to a matured state and that for this reason the B cells were poorly responsive to mitogen. PMID- 3497424 TI - MS epidemiology in Faroe Islands. AB - We found 41 Faroese with clinical onset of MS 1900-1983, including 9 "migrants" who had lived in (high MS risk) Denmark for 3+ years before onset. Their major foreign residence was during the 10 years or so before clinical onset, began at age 11-29 and was of at least 2 years duration, following which clinical onset occurred an average of 6 years later. Among the 32 resident Faroese, clinical MS began between 1943 and 1973 and comprised three epidemics, each one significantly later in time and lower in incidence than the preceding. The risk of MS for Faroese of epidemic I, who acquired the disease from asymptomatic British troops in the World War II occupation, was 18 per 10,000. Risk for those of epidemics II and III, who acquired the disease from asymptomatic but affected Faroese, was not significantly different. We conclude that the primary MS affection (PMSA) is a single, widespread infectious disease whose acquisition in virgin populations follows two years of exposure starting between age 11 and 45, which then produces clinical neurologic MS (CNMS) in only a small proportion of the affected after an incubation period of 6 (virgin populace) or 12 (endemic areas) years, and which is transmissible only during the systemic PMSA phase which ends by age 27 or younger. PMID- 3497425 TI - [Histiocytosis X: scintigraphic and roentgenologic findings]. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the roentgenological and scintigraphic osseous changes in 25 resp. 18 patients with histiocytosis X and to analyse them. In particular, it was also interesting to discuss the divergent reports in the literature in respect of scintigraphic storage behaviour. In all the patients examined before initiation of therapy (39 osseous foci) high activities were found scintigraphically. The extension of the scintigraphically active zone was much greater than the corresponding translucencies on the x-ray film. On the other hand, patients after therapy still showed foci on the x-ray film whereas the scan had already become inactive. This striking discrepancy between scan findings before and after therapy could be one of the reasons for divergent literature reports on this problem. PMID- 3497426 TI - [Comparative profile of antinuclear antibodies in Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome with and without diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]. AB - Eleven patients with an isolated Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome and a diffuse interstitial fibrosis were compared with twenty patients with an isolated Gougerot-Sjogen without pulmonary involvement. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis are younger and the evolution of their dry syndrome is shorter (p less than 0.05) than in patients without fibrosis. The frequency of extra-articular clinical manifestations (except for the lung) is identical in both groups. Antinuclear antibodies are present in 100 p. cent of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Specific antibodies of soluble nuclear antigens are detected in 64 p. cent of them. This frequency is 55 p. cent in the group without pulmonary fibrosis. The specificities of these antibodies are anti-U1-RNP (3 cases), anti-SS-B (La) (3 cases), anti-SS-A (Ro) (2 cases), non identified (1 case). There was no serum containing antibodies Jo1 or anti-Sm. This immunological profile is identical to the profile found in isolated Gougerot-Sjogren syndromes without pulmonary fibrosis. The search for specific antibodies of soluble nuclear antigens permits to differentiate pulmonary fibrosis secondary to an isolated Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome, from primary diffuse interstitial fibrosis and fibrosis associated to a polymyositis. PMID- 3497427 TI - [Class II HLA antigens and rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid polyarthritis. Inverse influence of DR4 and DR7 antigens?]. AB - A linkage disequilibrium was searched for between HLA-DR antigens and rheumatoid factor level both measured using latex agglutination and a solid phase immuno enzymic assay (FR-PAP) among 251 sera from patients suffering from classical rheumatoid arthritis for at least 5 years, recorded in the Cooperative Swiss Study on Rheumatoid Arthritis. An association between the presence of HLA-DR7 and low levels of rheumatoid factor was found. This association was stronger when the DR4, 7 heterozygous subjects were excluded. The comparison of the DR7, not equal to 4 and DR not equal to 4, not equal to 7 subjects demonstrated that the DR7 effect was independent of DR4. Although the association between DR4 and high levels of rheumatoid factor was not statistically significant in this study, these data suggested an opposite influence of DR4 and DR7 on rheumatoid factor level among rheumatoid arthritis suffering patients. The influence of DR4 appeared to be dominant among heterozygous DR4, 7 patients. PMID- 3497428 TI - [The enthesopathic shoulder]. AB - 61 shoulders of rheumatoid diseases, 23 of ankylosing spondylo-arthritis, 22 of psoriatic rheumatism and 30 of hyperostoses (Forestier's disease) were analysed and compared. There is a very significant difference between rheumatoid disease, on the one hand, and the other diseases, on the other hand. In ankylosing spondylo-arthritis, psoriatic rheumatism and hyperostosis, enthesophytes are observed; it is not the case in rheumatoid disease (unless associated with hyperostosis). The most frequent entesophyte is the one at the acromial insertion of the acromio-coracoid ligament ("bearded acromion"). It is also the easiest to visualise on an AP X-Ray of the shoulders. The association of a bearded acromion and an ulceration of the supero-lateral area of the humeral head (sulcus) is characteristic of spondylo-arthropathies (ankylosing spondylo-arthritis, psoriatic rheumatism) and is not found in hyperostosis. The ulceration of the sulcus is, on the contrary, common to spondylo-arthropathies and rheumatoid disease. This ulceration does not seem to be the sign of an inflammatory enthesopathy but rather a synovitis. PMID- 3497429 TI - [Fibroblastic rheumatism of the elderly. Histopathological, ultrastructural data and problems of differential diagnosis]. AB - In order to contribute to the knowledge and the nosography of fibroblastic rheumatism, the authors report a case occurring in 68 years old patient. The differential diagnosis of the disease rests on histological and ultrastructural aspects of the dermal and articular tissues where numerous myofibroblasts are observed. On that score, among the acquired adult fibromatoses, fibroblastic rheumatism seems closer to Dupuytren's disease than to sclerodermis. PMID- 3497430 TI - [Circadian rhythm of so-called inflammation proteins and changes of sigma VS]. PMID- 3497431 TI - [Histiocytosis X of the jaws. Apropos 5 cases]. AB - Principal features of histiocytosis X are discussed in relation to 5 cases treated in the department. Clinical signs are known. Bone scintiscans are of importance for evaluation of extension of the disease. Surgical treatment is the rule until more effective therapy becomes available and has a diagnostic rather than curative aim. The major problem remains the progressive dental mutilation. PMID- 3497433 TI - Single lipopolysaccharide-reactive B cells in the non-immune mouse spleen cell population secrete natural multispecific autoantibodies. AB - Starting from unimmunized BALB/c splenocytes, B-cell clones were obtained by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and the frequencies of their anti-TNP, anti BALB/c actin, and anti-BALB/c tubulin secretion were determined. The culture conditions were then chosen so as to have one anti-TNP precursor per positive well. Out of the 41 wells containing one anti-TNP antibody-secreting cell, nine (22%) also reacted either with actin or with tubulin and five (12%) with both actin and tubulin. Using horse red blood cells to which trinitrophenyl (TNP) had been coupled, spleen cell rosettes were prepared, enriched, micromanipulated, and cultured individually. Of the 500 micromanipulated and cultured TNP antigen binding cells, 28 were found to secrete antibodies directed against TNP. Eight of these 28 clones (28%) also reacted with either actin or tubulin, and five (17%) reacted with both actin and tubulin. The frequency of these multispecific clones is of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with the limiting dilution experiments. The results show that unimmunized BALB/c mouse spleen contains precursor cells that secrete natural multispecific autoantibodies. PMID- 3497432 TI - Does epidermal growth factor play a role in the action of sucralfate? AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogenic peptide synthesized in the submandibular glands and released in saliva. EGF is able to prevent the development of gastrointestinal ulcers in the rat and to accelerate their healing. The present work was undertaken to examine whether Sucralfate acts via the effector system of EGF. We conclude that Sucralfate does not change the binding of EGF to its receptor, but it is able to bind EGF in a pH dependent manner and at pH below 4.5 virtually all EGF is bound to Sucralfate. In vivo studies in rats with acid-induced gastric ulcers show that sucralfate carries EGF to the ulcer, and that EGF is available for a longer period of time (3 hours) when EGF and Sucralfate are is given together than when EGF is given alone. PMID- 3497434 TI - HIV infection in a defined population of Swedish haemophiliacs. AB - The results of a clinical follow-up of 124 Swedish patients with haemophilia A and B or severe form of von Willebrand's disease are reported, especially with regard to HIV infection and complications thereof. 44 of the patients were anti HIV positive. In this group there was an increasing prevalence of lymphadenopathy (18 cases), diarrhoea and fungal infections. 10 patients had generalized persistent lymphadenopathy. Platelet counts were significantly lower and IgG, IgA and IgM levels significantly higher than in the anti-HIV negative group. Oligoclonal protein bands in the gammaglobulin region were found in 8 of the anti HIV positive patients. The vast majority of these changes have appeared during the past year, and 1-5 years after seroconversion. Presently 22/44 (50%) anti-HIV positive haemophiliacs have at least one symptom related to this infection. Most of the clinical complications have been possible to treat or to mitigate so far. PMID- 3497435 TI - Increased use of erythromycin causes resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The use of erythromycin in Sweden has increased since 1975. An increasing prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae (H.i.) with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin has been noted in our laboratory during the years 1980 to 1985. The largest consumers of erythromycin were found to be children less than 4 years of age. Variations in resistance level of H.i. isolated from patients within this age group and variations in consumption of erythromycin were analysed for each year. The highest prevalence of resistant strains was found during spring and summer. The consumption of the antibiotic was highest during the first quarter of the year, gradually decreasing, and increasing sharply again during the fourth quarter of the year. Judging also from deviations from this pattern there seems to be an association between consumption and resistance. The different levels of resistance reported in the literature may reflect different populations of patients with different consumption of erythromycin, and different levels at different time of the year. Considering the present high level of H.i. with decreased susceptibility to erythromycin the drug is not likely to have clinical effect in H.i. infections. PMID- 3497436 TI - Trimethoprim used for selective decontamination of the digestive tract in rats: possible route of excretion. AB - Selective elimination of Enterobacteriaceae species from the digestive tract of rats has been accomplished by oral treatment with trimethoprim (235 mg/kg body weight/day) within 6 days. In the present study it was investigated whether this elimination was mainly due to antimicrobial activity of trimethoprim excreted with the gastrointestinal mucus or mainly by non-absorbed trimethoprim in the lumen contents. By means of whole gut irrigation (WGI) the lumen contents were washed out, followed by mucosa-associated flora. The concentration of the mucosa associated Enterobacteriaceae remained at least 10(1)/ml as measured in the last samples of rectal effluent during WGI in untreated rats. During trimethoprim treatment, however, the amount of mucosa-associated Enterobacteriaceae had decreased significantly more (p less than 0.05) compared with the Enterobacteriaceae present in the lumen contents of the gastrointestinal tract (photospectrometrically measured by the color of the rectal effluent). No difference was observed in the concentration of mucosa-associated enterococci in the rectal effluent of trimethoprim treated and untreated rats. It is concluded that orally administered trimethoprim may be predominantly active against Enterobacteriaceae associated with the mucous blanket. PMID- 3497438 TI - Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the normal rabbit joint. AB - To determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on the rabbit joint, we studied skin and intraarticular temperatures and pressure both before and following the stimulation in nine rabbits. An elevation in skin temperature by a mean of 0.6 degrees C (p less than 0.05) and increase in intraarticular temperature by a mean of 0.8 degrees C (p less than 0.01) was noted following the electrical stimulation. Intraarticular pressure in the stimulated joints has only a trend to increase, but not significantly. In four other rabbits, synovial tissue of the stimulated joint showed blood vessels congestion and interstitial edema. These results suggest that the analgetic effect produced by electrical stimulation on joints may partially involve intraarticular temperature and pressure alterations. PMID- 3497437 TI - Diphtheria in vaccinated persons. PMID- 3497439 TI - Suicidal attempts by jumping from heights. A three-year prospective study of patients admitted to an urban university accident department. AB - At the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, an acute accident unit with more than 3,000 trauma admissions per year, a protocol was kept over the years 1982-84 of patients who were treated for injuries sustained from intentional falls from heights. The number of patients included in the series was 73. The mean age of the patients was 29.8 (range 15 65) years. The male:female ratio was 1.5:1. In 15 patients (21%) there was a previous history of recorded psychiatric disorder and in a further 11 patients (15%) chronic alcoholism. The 73 patients had a total of 164 serious individual injuries. Thirteen patients died, all except one within the first 24 hours. The median duration of the hospital stay at university department level was 49 days. In a follow-up survey one year after the fall, 19 (32% of the survivors) had returned to work, 29 (48%) were pensioned and 12 (20%) still needed institutional care. Eight had permanent complete paraplegia. The patients injured in suicidal falls amounted to 0.8% of all trauma admissions during the investigation period and to 3.3% of the nursing days. In the intensive care unit, however, these figures were 9.2% and 14.1% respectively, values high enough to warrant increasing attention to this kind of self-inflicted injuries. PMID- 3497440 TI - Diabetes mellitus: prevalence and local risk factors in a primary health care district. AB - In the present comparative study of recent surveys the highest reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Sweden, 4.0% is found in the Kinda Primary Health Care District after age-standardization to that for the total Swedish population (3.3%). Even after critical evaluation of survey methods and diagnostic criteria, it appears that true regional differences in prevalence occur. Therapy traditions also differ, especially with elderly patients. No important local risk factor could be identified. A preventive programme is discussed. Any such programme must be based on current and future epidemiological data in a model comprising incidence, prevalence, mortality, and diabetic complications in order to be able to evaluate its effects. PMID- 3497442 TI - Cerebrovascular disease: declining incidence but increasing hospital utilisation. AB - A total of 20,680 patients hospitalised in Helsinki during 1970-1980 due to cerebrovascular diseases were found when screening the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register. The material was categorised according to three-digit ICD-8 diagnosis codes and age, and was analysed for case-fatality, length of stay and discharge status. By identifying all new cases an assessment of the incidence development during the study period was also possible. A fall in the overall age standardised incidence of cerebrovascular disease was demonstrated, in accordance with disease register studies. The main reason was decline in incidence of haemorrhagic stoke (ICD-8 no. 431) and less well defined types of stroke (436 438). Ischaemic stroke (433), on the other hand, did not decrease in frequency. The diagnostic shift, occurring parallel with a growing mean age of patients, lead to decreasing acute mortality, increasing institutionalisation rates and longer stays in hospital, thus resulting in growing figures of hospital utilisation in spite of the declining incidence. PMID- 3497441 TI - The wearing of spectacles in different social and educational groups in a sample of the population of central Finland. AB - On the basis of information gathered from a questionnaire study of 6875 people aged from 7 to 46 years and living in Central Finland, it was seen that the wearing of spectacles has much increased during the last five decades. It is calculated that the wearing of spectacles is still on the increase in the population. More females than males wore spectacles in all the age groups studied. The higher the education the more common was the wearing of spectacles. Poor distant vision was the main reason for the wearing of spectacles, up to the presbyopic age. At the presbyopic age, education, accurate close work, and poor distant vision were connected with the wearing of spectacles. The father's occupation seems to have little or no effect on the wearing of spectacles nowadays. PMID- 3497443 TI - Immediate hemodynamic effects of pericardial closure after open-heart surgery. AB - Acute hemodynamic effects of a routine pericardial closure after cardiopulmonary bypass was studied in 29 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Clinically, the pericardial closure was well tolerated. Pericardial closure resulted in an 8% decrease of cardiac output (p less than 0.01) while cardiac index remained normal (2.9 l/min/m2 +/- 0.6 SD). The effect of the pericardium on pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures, and on systemic arterial pressure was not significant. Central venous pressure increased from 8 +/- 2 mmHg to 9 +/- 3 mmHg (p less than 0.05) after pericardial closure and decreased to 7 +/- 3 mmHg (p less than 0.05) when the pericardium was reopened. Left ventricular end-diastolic cavity diameter by echocardiography decreased in 19 of the patients studied from 46 +/- 6 mm to 41 +/- 5 mm (p less than 0.01) when the pericardium was closed, and increased to 45 +/- 6 mm (p less than 0.01) after re-opening of the pericardiotomy incision. The hemodynamic effects of pericardial closure seem to result from limited ventricular filling. PMID- 3497444 TI - Mediastinal drainage blood. Potentialities for autotransfusion after cardiac surgery. AB - The rate of postoperative bleeding was studied in 32 patients with aortocoronary bypass surgery and in 18 with aortic valve replacement. In 12 of the 50 patients, more than 500 ml of shed mediastinal blood could be saved within 8 postoperative hours. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures of such blood were obtained from the suction reservoir in 20 cases 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. The results were negative, apart from Staphylococcus albus in one 6-hour sample. The blood, which was in some degree hemolyzed, contained acceptable amounts of red cells and albumin. Alterations of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems indicated massive proteolysis with degradation of the proteins to an extent that precluded coagulation. This proteolysis had taken place in the mediastinum, resulting in total defibrinogenation of the blood. The authors conclude that in about one fourth of cases in cardiac surgery, postoperatively shed blood is worth saving for red cell and volume substitution. PMID- 3497445 TI - Postoperative autotransfusion of concentrated drainage blood in cardiac surgery. Experience with a new autotransfusion system. AB - A new autotransfusion system was evaluated postoperatively in six patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. A hollow fiber hemofilter was integrated in the system, making it possible to concentrate the shed blood. The device functioned well, 825 ml diluted mediastinal drainage blood with a hematocrit of 23 was concentrated to a volume of 475 ml with a hematocrit of 36 and retransfused. Proteins were preserved, thus albumin concentration increased from 23 to 37 g/l in the autotransfusate. No negative side effects were registered after autotransfusion. A thorough coagulation study after retransfusion did not reveal any sign of activation of the coagulation cascade, nor were there any signs of an increased fibrinolysis. PMID- 3497446 TI - Cerebral damage during open-heart surgery. Clinical, psychometric, biochemical and CT data. AB - The incidence and extent of cerebral damage following open-heart surgery were prospectively investigated in 103 patients, using clinical assessment, psychometry, adenylate kinase analysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-AK) and computed tomography (CT) of the brain. The surgical mortality was 1.9%. Clinically there was obvious cerebral dysfunction in four cases, subtle evidence of brain damage (mainly undue fatigue) in 16 and no evidence in 81 cases. In the 16 patients the mean CSF-AK was substantially increased (0.122 U/l) and the psychometric performance distinctly impaired (-12 points) postoperatively; in the 81 patients the figures were 0.55 U/l and -3.4. Psychometrically, 60% of the patients showed cerebral dysfunction, which was pronounced in 16%. CSF-AK analysis indicated cerebral damage as absent or trival in 45%, moderate in 33% and marked in 22%. CT revealed postoperative cerebral infarction in two cases. Results from the various methods showed reasonable correlation, but also considerable overlap. Open-heart surgery thus can cause brain damage additional to that neurologically discernible. Fatigue is an important sign in this context. In research on postoperative brain damage, the relative insensitivity of routine neurologic investigation calls for supplementary, refined methods. PMID- 3497447 TI - Effect of fibrin sealant on the tensile strength of rat visceral pleura. AB - Post mortem studies of rat lungs showed that application of fibrin sealant augments the tensile strength of the lung/visceral pleura by approximately 100 mmHg, thus impeding air leakage. PMID- 3497448 TI - Renal function of workers with low-level cadmium exposure. AB - The influence of occupational exposure to cadmium on renal function was examined in 27 male cadmium workers from plants with second-degree usage of cadmium. The levels of cadmium in the blood and urine and various protein concentrations in the urine and serum were determined. The urinary levels of beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were statistically significantly increased in workers with urinary cadmium levels above 50 nmol/l. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with silver staining is probably a sensitive indicator of the early effects of cadmium on protein excretion. The currently recommended biological exposure limits may have to be lowered. PMID- 3497449 TI - Immuno-scanning electron microscopy of normal and leukemic leukocytes labeled with colloidal gold. AB - The immunogold method, utilizing 40 nm colloidal gold particles which can be selectively visualized with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the backscattered electron imaging mode was used for the study of blood cells incubated with various monoclonal antibodies. Numerous anti-leukocyte monoclonal antibodies still recognize lightly glutaraldehyde prefixed antigens and can be used to identify various blood cell types and even to recognize their different maturation stages. Clearcut differences in surface morphology exist among peripheral blood normal leukocytes and even among the principal lymphocyte subclasses. Marked heterogeneity in surface morphology is, on the other hand, evident when studying precursors or leukemic cells. Immature cells show, nevertheless, relatively smooth surfaces while some distinct surface features appear on cells already committed toward a specific differentiation lineage. Hairy cells can also be precisely identified, especially when in small number in heterogeneous populations, combining their typical surface morphology with their positivity for B1 and Leu M5 monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3497450 TI - [Comparative study of the treatment of simple urinary infection with a single dose of norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole]. AB - 53 women with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection proven clinically and bacteriologically were treated, after double-blind randomisation, with a single dose of norfloxacin (1200 mg) or a single dose of cotrimoxazole (480/2400 mg). Follow-up one week after treatment showed a comparable success rate (85%) for both antibiotics. Only few minor side effects were recorded in both patient groups. Most failures were due to gram positive bacteria (coagulase-negative staphylococci). These results suggest that single dose therapy for urinary tract infections due to gram positive germs should be reconsidered. PMID- 3497451 TI - [Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in Switzerland. Data for 1984 and comparison with 1974]. AB - In a retrospective study (questionnaire) covering all the neonatal special care units of Switzerland, information was obtained on, the problem cases in 84% of all babies born in 1984. 8.3% were hospitalized. Clinical respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was diagnosed in 31% of these infants and hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in 6.3%. Mortality in clinical RDS was 7.1% and in HMD 19%. Mortality showed a high degree of correlation with birth-weight. Comparison of the 1984 data with a similar study in 1974 showed no significant change in the incidence of clinical RDS. The incidence of HMD (diagnosis by the same criteria) has fallen from 10.1% to 6.3%. Overall mortality in hospitalized newborns in Switzerland has decreased from 8.8% in 1974 to 4% in 1984. PMID- 3497453 TI - The sor gene of HIV-1 is required for efficient virus transmission in vitro. AB - The genome of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 contains at least eight genes, of which three (sor, R, and 3' orf) have no known function. In this study, the role of the sor gene was examined by constructing a series of proviral genomes of HIV-1 that either lacked the coding sequences for sor or contained point mutations in sor. Analysis of four such mutants revealed that although each clone could generate morphologically normal virus particles upon transfection, the mutant viruses were limited in their capacity to establish stable infection. Virus derived from transfection of Cos-1 cells (OKT4-) with sor mutant proviral DNA's was resistant to transmission to OKT4+ "susceptible" cells under cell-free conditions, and was transmitted poorly by coculture. In contrast, virus derived from clones with an intact sor frame was readily propagated by either approach. Normal amounts of gag-, env-, and pol-derived proteins were produced by all four mutants and assays in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells indicated that their trans-activating capacity was intact and comparable with wild type. Thus the sor gene, although not absolutely required in HIV virion formation, influences virus transmission in vitro and is crucial in the efficient generation of infectious virus. The data also suggest that sor influences virus replication at a novel, post-translational stage and that its action is independent of the regulatory genes tat and trs. PMID- 3497452 TI - Clonal gene therapy: transplanted mouse fibroblast clones express human alpha 1 antitrypsin gene in vivo. AB - A retroviral vector was used to insert human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) complementary DNA into the genome of mouse fibroblasts to create a clonal population of mouse fibroblasts secreting human alpha 1AT. After demonstrating that this clone of fibroblasts produced alpha 1AT after more than 100 population doublings in the absence of selection pressure, the clone was transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of nude mice. When the animals were evaluated 4 weeks later, human alpha 1AT was detected in both sera and the epithelial surface of the lungs. The transplanted clone of fibroblasts could be recovered from the peritoneal cavities of those mice and demonstrated to still be producing human alpha 1AT. Thus, even after removal of selective pressure, a single clone of retroviral vector-infected cells that expressed an exogenous gene in vitro, continued to do so in vivo, and when recovered, continued to produce the product of the exogenous gene. PMID- 3497454 TI - Considerations for tomographic imaging of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have begun to assume a significant role in clinical research. The ability to label these agents has initiated research in the areas of radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy. In the case of antibodies directed against tumor antigens, imaging has been employed to help assess location and extent of disease, and to provide information and extent of disease, and to provide information concerning biodistribution to be used in subsequent dosimetric calculations. Because of the low counting statistics characteristic of such images, the use of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is suggested as a potential method of improving the diagnostic yield from image data. Careful attention to acquisition parameters and image processing options is needed if these goals are to be achieved. PMID- 3497455 TI - When not to use the antimalarial drug mefloquine. PMID- 3497456 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis in the male upper genital tract: a possible source of reinfection of the female partner. AB - We describe a case of Gardnerella vaginalis colonization of the upper genital tract of the male partner of a woman with recurring bacterial vaginosis. G. vaginalis could not be cultured from the urethra but was cultured from semen. After treatment of the male partner with metronidazole, the woman had no more relapses of bacterial vaginosis. PMID- 3497457 TI - [Efficacy of spinal neurostimulation in the treatment of neurogenic bladder]. PMID- 3497458 TI - Direct stimulation of the adrenal cortex by interleukin-1. AB - The impact of human recombinant beta-interleukin-1 (IL-1) on adrenocortical stimulation was investigated. This study asked three questions: Does IL-1 increase the corticosterone levels of rat serum? Is there a direct effect on the adrenal cortex? What is the mechanism of this effect? The intraperitoneal injection of IL-1 (70 micrograms) in anesthetized male Fisher rats resulted in elevated corticosterone levels at 30 minutes and reached a maximum at 180 minutes (94 +/- 12 versus 34 +/- 4 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.01). Next, the adrenal glands from separate animals were perfused in situ. Corticosterone secretion was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) 90 minutes after a single arterial bolus of 35 micrograms of IL-1. The response to IL-1 was dose dependent, beginning at 3.5 micrograms and reaching a maximum at 35 micrograms. The addition of indomethacin (3 mumol/L) completely abolished the stimulatory effect of IL-1. This study demonstrates that IL-1 increases rat serum corticosterone levels, IL-1 directly stimulates the adrenal cortex, and the stimulation may be mediated through prostaglandin synthesis. This is the first evidence that IL-1 has a direct stimulatory effect on the adrenal cortex. PMID- 3497459 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be focused at sites of tumor growth by products of macrophage activation. AB - Successful adoptive cancer immunotherapy presumably depends on the accumulation of tumoricidal leukocytes at the sites of tumor growth. Large numbers of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated in vitro by growth in high concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2), but relatively few arrive at the tumor site after intravenous injection. We hypothesize that the delivery of LAK cells to tumor sites may be augmented by previously demonstrated lymphocyte recruiting factors, including activated macrophage products such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor. 111Indium-labeled LAK cells were injected intravenously into syngeneic mice bearing the macrophage activator endotoxin (LPS) in one hind footpad, and saline solution was injected into the contralateral footpad. Significantly more activity was recovered from the LPS bearing footpad at all times during a 96-hour period. Recombinant IL-1 also attracted more LAK cells after injection into tumor-free hind footpads. Furthermore, LAK cells preferentially homed to hind footpads that were bearing 3 day established sarcomas after intralesional injections of LPS, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor when compared with contralateral tumor-bearing footpads injected with saline solution alone. In preliminary experiments, mice with hind-footpad tumors appeared to survive longer after combined systemic IL-2 and LAK therapy if intralesional LPS was administered. These studies demonstrate that macrophage activation factors that have been shown capable of attracting circulating normal lymphocytes can also effectively attract LAK cells from the circulation. By the stimulation of macrophages at the sites of tumor growth, more LAK cells can be attracted. It is hoped that by "focusing" the migration of LAK cells to tumors, LAK cells and IL-2 would effect tumor regression more efficiently and with less toxicity. PMID- 3497460 TI - Histamine type-2 receptor antagonist immune modulation. II. Cimetidine and ranitidine increase interleukin-2 production. AB - The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine (histamine type-2 receptor antagonists) on the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by mitogen-activated, normal murine spleen cells was studied in vitro. Cimetidine (10(-4) mol/L to 10(-6) mol/L) increased IL-2 production to a maximal 8.8 +/- 1.6 U (IL-2 activity), as compared with media controls of 1 U. Ranitidine (10(-4) mol/L to 10(-6) mol/L) also increased IL-2 production to a maximal 5.6 +/- 1.2 U, as compared with media controls of 1 U. The increases for both drugs were statistically significant- (p at least less than 0.03 for all doses tested). These data suggest that our previously demonstrated immunofacilitation of proliferative and cytotoxic lymphocyte responses by cimetidine was probably mediated by the presence of increased IL-2. These data further suggest that histamine type-2 receptor antagonists may have immunorestorative potential in clinical immunotherapy of IL 2 deficient states. PMID- 3497461 TI - Significance of T-lymphocytes in wound healing. AB - To determine the importance of T-lymphocytes in wound healing, we examined the effect of T-lymphocyte depletion on the healing of surgical wounds. Thirty Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg of rat anti-mouse (IgG2b) cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (30H12) against the Thy1.2 (all T) determinant. Twenty-four hours later animals showed a greater than 95% depletion of Thy1.2 cells in peripheral blood and spleen. Thirty control mice received nonspecific rat immunoglobulin (1 mg). Twenty-four hours after treatment mice underwent a 2.5 cm dorsal skin incision with subcutaneous placement of polyvinyl alcohol sponges. Injections were repeated at weekly intervals. Wound healing was assessed at 2, 3, and 4 weeks by the breaking strength of wound strips and by the hydroxyproline content of sponge granulomas (an index of wound reparative collagen deposition). Thy1.2 depletion at death was 95% to 57% in peripheral blood and 86% to 68% in the spleen. Both groups gained weight equally. We found that T cell depletion significantly impairs wound breaking strength and wound collagen deposition at all times studied. The data strongly suggest that T-lymphocytes modulate fibroblast activity during normal wound healing. PMID- 3497462 TI - Immune responses in small intestinal transplantation in the rat: correlation of histopathology and monocyte procoagulant activity. AB - No predictive serologic marker exists for rejection or graft versus host disease (GVHD) reactions in small intestinal transplantation (SIT). SIT was performed in Lewis (Lew) and Lew X Brown Norway Fl hybrid (LBN) rats in the following combinations: group 1, Lew X Lew; group 2 (isolated rejection), LBN X Lew, and group 3 (isolated GVHD), Lew X LBN. Procoagulant activity (PCA), an index of monocyte immune activation, was measured in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of graft recipients to assess its value as an immunologic monitor. Histologic findings and PCA were evaluated on days 1, 2, and 3 and every 2 to 3 days after SIT. No pathologic findings of graft or host tissue developed in group 1 (n = 14). Histologic rejection (blunted villi and mononuclear cell infiltration) was seen beginning on day 5 in group 2 (n = 19); early GVHD (loss of nodal and splenic architecture) was first noted on days 5 and 6 in group 3 (n = 17). PCA elevation in SIT was seen to precede histologic evidence of rejection or graft versus host disease in this model and may constitute an important marker for these immunologic events. PMID- 3497463 TI - [Chronicity of the rheumatoid process]. AB - The authors considered the problem of chronicity of a rheumatic process as a result of streptococcus persistence in the patient's body. Using a bacteriological method and luminescence microscopy streptococcal bacteremia was found in patients with rheumatic fever in the active phase in 12.5 and 31.2%, respectively. Four examinations of patients with 2-3 day intervals resulted in a 3-fold increase in the detection of streptococcal bacteremia reaching 88.9% in blood testing by the immunofluorescence method and 44.1% by the bacteriological method. In patients with rheumatic fever in the inactive phase streptococci were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes, left auricula atrii tissues, and in the myocardium. In the imprints of biopsies prepared from appropriate tissues, streptococcal L-forms and cells were detected in the immunofluorescence reaction. PMID- 3497464 TI - [Immunopathological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and their correction during long-term dispensary observation]. AB - The time course of immunopathological symptoms of lupus erythematosus was studied in 117 patients over a period of 5 years. It was established that routine multimodality therapy while resulting in a positive time course of clinical and clinico-biochemical indices, did not ensure the normalization of immunological parameters, particularly of the T-system of immunity. Courses of theophylline and splenin therapy were added to multimodality therapy to raise therapeutic efficacy and to return to normal the status of the immune system. A regular follow-up made it possible to stabilize the disease in 82.1% of the LE patients and to preserve working capacity in 50.4% of them. PMID- 3497465 TI - Reoperation for failed myocardial revascularization procedures. PMID- 3497466 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of bronchial reactivity in an adult population: results from a community study. AB - The bronchial response to inhaled histamine has been suggested as an epidemiological tool for assessing the prevalence of asthma, though the exact relationship between reactivity and asthma is unknown. Tests of bronchial reactivity to histamine were carried out in 511 subjects aged 18-64 years, randomly selected from the population in two areas of the South of England, who had returned questionnaires on respiratory symptoms. Bronchial reactivity to less than or equal to 8 mumol histamine was present in 14% and was associated with positive skin test responses to common allergens and with smoking history. Both of these relationships were in turn dependent on age, skin sensitivity being the more important determinant of reactivity in the young and smoking the more important in older subjects. Bronchial reactivity was least prevalent in the 35 44 year age group. No independent effect on reactivity of sex, social class, or area of residence was detected, and no significant effect from recent respiratory tract infections. Interpretation of the bronchial response to histamine in selected groups of subjects must take account of age, atopic state, and smoking history. PMID- 3497468 TI - Lack of immune deficiency in sarcoidosis: compartmentalisation of the immune response. AB - The original findings of peripheral anergy in sarcoidosis led to the conclusion that sarcoidosis was a disease associated with immune deficiency, but patients with sarcoidosis do not appear to suffer from repeated infections suggestive of immune suppression. With the technique of bronchoalveolar lavage it is now possible to examine the local immune response within the lung, the most commonly affected organ in sarcoidosis. In this study three different indices of cell mediated immunity (lymphocyte transformation, interleukin-2 production, and interleukin-1 production) have been examined by comparison of cells recovered by lavage with those collected from peripheral blood. It was found that in vitro anergy was confined to peripheral blood cells, where all three markers of the immune response used in this study was impaired in the 12 patients with sarcoidosis group when compared with results in the 12 controls, with the most depressed responses seen in those patients classified as having active disease (lymphocyte proliferation 45% (SD 17%); interleukin-2 production 44% (13%), and interleukin-1 production 31% (10%) of control levels). By contrast, T lymphocytes recovered from the lungs of patients with sarcoidosis showed a greater response than did those from controls in terms of lymphocyte transformation and interleukin-2 production; these differences were greatest in those with active disease (lymphocyte proliferation 209% (27%) and interleukin-2 production 202% (19%) of control levels). Interleukin-1 production by cells of the monocyte lineage recovered from the lung gave similar results to those of the control and sarcoid groups. It is concluded that the anergy seen in the peripheral blood compartment possibly reflects redistribution of T lymphocytes rather than a generalised immune deficiency. PMID- 3497467 TI - Estimation and repeatability of the response to inhaled histamine in a community survey. AB - Epidemiological problems arising from the absence of an agreed definition of asthma have led to the use of bronchial reactivity tests in community surveys of asthma prevalence. Since only a minority of the general population will develop bronchoconstriction in response to the dose of histamine considered acceptable for use in the community it is important to make maximum use of the data available. Several methods for summarising the information in the dose-response curve obtained from a histamine challenge test have been compared. A standardised histamine challenge test was administered to 797 subjects selected from two communities, and a repeat test to 106 subjects. The test was well accepted. For most subjects FEV1 rose initially after administration of histamine (median rise 100 ml), so maximum FEV1 was used as the baseline from which the 20% fall to achieve a PD20 was calculated. In order to use all the data rather than just two points on the FEV1-log dose graph, PD20 was estimated by means of curve fitting, and the values were compared with PD20 from linear interpolation. An exponential curve was found to fit the data well. Extrapolation from the maximum dose of 4 mumol up to 8 mumol was allowed in the estimation of PD20 by both methods. The curve fitting method gave slightly more reproducible PD20 values than did linear interpolation, and also gave more estimates in the range 0.03-8 mumol. The repeatability of PD20 compared well with that of asthmatic subjects tested in a clinical environment. Curve fitting has an advantage over linear interpolation in large community studies, for which analysis of data by computer is essential. PMID- 3497469 TI - [Intracerebral calcification in a patient with late-onset congenital rubella]. AB - A fourteen-week-old boy is described who was admitted with failure to thrive and an interstitial pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii infection. A late onset congenital rubella infection was diagnosed in combination with an immunodeficiency. The congenital rubella infection induced a chronic meningoencephalitis. Further investigations revealed intracerebral calcifications on computerized tomography of the skull. The clinical symptoms of early and late onset congenital rubella syndrome are described. The differential diagnosis of intracerebral calcifications are shortly reviewed. PMID- 3497470 TI - Generation and characterization of three new monoclonal antibodies detecting the allospecificities HLA-A2,w69, HLA-A3 and HLA-B13. AB - Immunization of balb/c mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a leukemic patient possessing the antigens HLA-A2,3; B7,35 resulted in the polymorphic monoclonal antibody (moab) UL-101/68 (IgM) defining HLA-A3. Immunization of a second group of balb/c mice with the lymphoblastoid cell line BER homozygous for HLA-A2; B13 revealed two polymorphic moabs UL-39/10 (IgG3) specific for HLA-B13 and UL-39/24 (IgG2b) defining HLA-A2,w69. Immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the two moabs of the IgG isotype confirmed the class I structure of the recognized antigens. PMID- 3497471 TI - Endoscopic findings of bleeding esophageal varices and experimental study. AB - It has been considered that the rupture of esophageal varices occurs with high incidences, and once bleeding occurs it sometimes cause fetal massive bleeding. However, from our experiences with the active application of emergency endoscopy, the incidence of bleeding from varix was unexpectedly low. From these results, we studied the rupture signs of esophageal varices in experiments on dogs and clinical cases. The actual rupture signs of varices were summarized as active bleeding, adhesion of fresh clot, mucosal protrusion in a conical shape and white discoloration of its top area and mucosal slight elevation and attachment of fibrin thrombi. Further studies, however, are required to determine whether there are any varicose bleedings which do not show the above rupture signs. PMID- 3497472 TI - Acute changes in C3a and C5a in an anaphylactoid reaction in hemodialysis patients. AB - Blood sample were collected from both the arterial and venous lines of the patients undergoing hemodialysis using cuprophan membrane at several time intervals. Radioimmunoassay was then applied to measure the C3a and C5a levels. C3a levels from the arterial lines of patients undergoing uneventful hemodialysis were 463.2 +/- 51.3 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.), 1112.9 +/- 109.9, 956.0 +/- 72.1, and 721.2 +/- 49.6 at 0, 15, 120 and 360 min, respectively. C5a levels did not change significantly during uneventful hemodialysis. C3a and C5a levels were significantly higher in the blood from the venous lines than those from the arterial lines, a finding indicating that complement activation via alternative pathway takes place in the dialyzer. C3a and C5a levels were markedly elevated in patients with anaphylactoid reaction. Reuses of dialyzers on the patients having a history of an anaphylactoid reaction during hemodialysis suppressed not only the rise of C3a levels, but also the recurrence of the reaction. From these findings, it is concluded that rises of C3a and C5a in the arterial lines of patients are causally related to the induction of anaphylactoid reaction during hemodialysis. PMID- 3497473 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor test in normal subjects and patients with disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 3497474 TI - A reevaluation of the role of prostaglandin E2 as an immunoregulator. PMID- 3497475 TI - Neuromuscular dysfunction in nonbacterial prostatitis. AB - Although chronic nonbacterial prostatitis is common, the condition remains poorly understood and refractory to treatment. Another approach, i.e., a urodynamic explanation, seems warranted. The underlying cause of the symptoms may be an inappropriate spasm of of the distal urethra/external sphincteric unit, leading to increased pressure in the prostatic urethra with a resultant reflux of urine into the prostatic ducts. The presence of urine (sterile or infected) could induce ductal and periductal inflammation, which could further aggravate spasm of the involved pelvic musculature, exacerbating the voiding dysfunction. We present 3 patients in whom this sequence of events was documented radiographically and urodynamically. Consequently, treatment involved modulation of the dysfunction of the distal urethra/external sphincteric unit: (1) reeducation by reassurance and biofeedback was the initial line of therapy; (2) pharmacologic manipulation using alpha-blockers (to affect smooth and striated muscle irritability) and striated muscle relaxants was next tried; (3) finally, in unremitting symptoms, we used selective sacral-root electro-stimulation, successfully fatiguing the involved muscles and relieving the voiding dysfunction. PMID- 3497476 TI - [Static equilibrium in patients with long-term deafness]. PMID- 3497477 TI - [Use of sinusoidal rotation for the evaluation of vestibular function in persons with chronic diseases]. PMID- 3497478 TI - [Determining the functional stability of the equilibrium system based on its static and dynamic characteristics]. PMID- 3497479 TI - [Immunoregulation in the treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis]. AB - The article analyses certain indicators of immune reactivity in 67 patients with different forms of pancreatitis. Lower reactivity of the organism in destructive pancreatitis determines the necessary use of immune modulating therapy in the complex treatment of this disease and purulent complications. In patients with high risk of pyo-septic complications the administration of cytostatics is not indicated. PMID- 3497481 TI - Orthopedic salvage procedures. PMID- 3497480 TI - [Treatment of complicated stomach cancer]. PMID- 3497482 TI - [Rare causes of profuse non-ulcerative gastrointestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 3497484 TI - [Travel diarrhea: attempt at a clinical-epidemiologic evaluation]. AB - Traveller's diarrhea is the most common tourist's disease in the tropics. Therefore epidemiological data for the evaluation of factors influencing the attack rates and the severity of the disease are being required. This paper deals with the data of 1058 Austrian tourists travelling to warm climate countries. 47.3% of all travellers suffered from an episode of traveller's diarrhea during their stay. However, it could be evaluated that besides the destination seasonal influences were very important. Factors like individual hygiene and accommodation did not influence the attack rates. Age and environmental conditions, however, did partially influence the frequency of diarrhea. Furthermore, additional symptoms were interpreted and it could be seen that suspected heterogenicity of etiology leads to a similar pattern of clinical symptoms. Clinical evaluation proves that traveller's diarrhea is commonly not severe, but due to the incidence and duration of the disease it is a major health problem in modern tourism. PMID- 3497483 TI - [Stomach cancer in Austria. Epidemiology and pathogenesis]. AB - The declining incidence of gastric cancer is a worldwide phenomenon and this development over many years applies to Austria too. One reason for this decline probably lies with altered dietary customs. Regional differences, a main argument for the importance of exogenous factors in the pathogenesis are also discernible in Austria. The decrease in death rates from gastric cancer cannot be attributed to improved survival and early diagnosis is still a rare event. PMID- 3497486 TI - [Rheumatic diseases--introduction]. PMID- 3497485 TI - [Therapy of hemorrhaging esophageal varices]. PMID- 3497487 TI - [Classification of rheumatic diseases and their social medicine significance]. PMID- 3497488 TI - [Pathologic anatomy and pathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3497490 TI - [General practice-relevant diagnostic and differential diagnostic aspects of collagen diseases. 1: Systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3497489 TI - [Reactive forms of arthritis. 2: Epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3497491 TI - [Occupational medicine fitness and control studies 1983-1985--review and results of computer-aided assessment]. PMID- 3497492 TI - [Frequent occurrence of listeriosis in the Magdeburg district 1985]. PMID- 3497493 TI - [Experimental testing of the left-ventricular and biventricular assistant systems in dogs]. AB - The left-ventricular (LVAD) and bi-ventricular assistant system (BVAD) were tested in dogs. Our hitherto existing experiences give information specially for the indication of LVAD and BVAD. The risk of a belated application of the LVAD exists in case of only a clinical control by pressure parameters for the degree of a cardiac insufficiency caused by coronary starvations. An aortic pressure of nearly 150/70 mm Hg could be reached by means BVAD on condition of heart fibrillation and a left-atrial pressure of 20 mm Hg. The aortic pressure and the left-atrial pressure decrease drastically after disconnection of the BVAD and these attain the initial values again very promptly after a new connection with the BVAD. PMID- 3497494 TI - [Positron emission tomography of the heart]. AB - Positron emission computed tomography (PET) has introduced a new dimension into cardiology by its ability of imaging in-vivo cardiac metabolism non-invasively. Following administration of labelled substrates PET provides display of digitized heart tomograms, which reflect tracer concentration quantitatively. Thus, regional myocardial metabolism and perfusion can be measured using appropriate tracers such as C-11 palmitate, F-18 deoxyglucose, N-13 or C-11 amino acids, N-13 ammonia and Rb-82. Accordingly, the documentation of marked metabolic derangements during ischemia and infarction by initial clinical PET studies have been very promising diagnostically. It has been shown that normal, resting ischemic and acutely ischemic and infarcted tissue can be differentiated reliably. In cardiomyopathies, disturbed energy substrate utilization not known until then was found by means of PET. Unfortunately, PET will be available only in larger centers in the near future because of its high cost. PMID- 3497495 TI - [Treatment of scoliosis with lateral electric surface stimulation]. AB - This paper reports on the authors' five-year experience with the LESS method in 85 patients. In mild cases, with scoliosis of up to 25 degrees, and with timely commencement of therapy, if possible before the patient reaches age 12, the method appears useful and represents a genuine addition to available methods of conservative treatment. In contrast to reports by other authors, no successes were achieved in scolioses of over 25 degrees Cobb. Technical improvement of the available apparatus would be desirable. In order to be able to use LESS routinely early diagnosis in schools would be necessary. PMID- 3497496 TI - [Functional disorders of bladder emptying in adulthood]. AB - Functional voiding problems can be divided into three different groups: neurogenic dysfunction, myogenic dysfunction and true functional impairment of micturition in the sense of a psychosomatic disorder. Patients should be classified in the latter group only, if somatic disorders are excluded by conscientious urologic examination. Treatment of these patients is very time consuming and difficult. Pure myogenic dysfunction occurs with rare generalised muscle disease only. Neurogenic dysfunction represents the majority of cases. Investigations in the Swiss Centre for Paraplegics and some new publications point out fundamental tendencies in the therapy and rehabilitation of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 3497497 TI - [Experiences in the diagnosis and therapy of neurogenic disorders of bladder emptying]. AB - Today extensive urodynamic investigations are indispensable for diagnosing and for an on-target treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Classifications and forms used according to functional aspects are explained. Possible treatment methods are commented in respect of own experiences, especially with regard to chemotherapy, intermittent catheterisation, transurethral electrostimulation, biofeedback therapy and supravesical urinary diversion. PMID- 3497498 TI - [Bengmark spleen transposition in children]. AB - After a historical review of surgical therapy of portal hypertension experiences are reported with the technique of spleen transposition according to Bengmark in a group of six children. Two thirds of the spleen are removed and the rest is implanted into the abdominal wall. This causes development of subcutaneous portosystemic anastomosis. The method is a true alternative to portosystemic shunt operations. PMID- 3497499 TI - Influence of strain specific patterns of locomotor activity on the daily pattern, minimal, mean and maximal oxygen consumption in the rat. PMID- 3497500 TI - [Epidemiology and early detection of endometrial cancer]. AB - During the last two decades, in the GDR the incidence rate of endometrial carcinoma increased from 17.3 to 23.7/100,000 women. Because the increase was strictly limited to women older than 55 years, a real increase of endometrial cancer risk of younger women seems to be unlikely. As consequences of the relatively high rate of cases detected at stage I (68%) and of improved therapeutic results (overall relative 5-YSR 77%), the mortality rate remained nearly stable and amounted to 9.5/100,000 women in 1983 (4% of overall cancer mortality in females). --Obesity, hypertension, nulliparity and long-term intake of estrogens are the most important risk factors for endometrial cancer providing support for the unopposed estrogen hypothesis of the etiology of endometrial cancer. --In a few investigations, screening asymptomatic women resulted in earlier detection of occult endometrial carcinomas, but up to now there have been considerable lack of informations about cost-benefit-risk relations. Mass screening for endometrial cancer therefore can not be recommended. Women at high risk are suggested to have regular gynaecological examinations and if acceptable endometrial biopsies by suction curettage. PMID- 3497501 TI - [Immunological effectiveness of a 2d revaccination against diphtheria performed at intervals extended up to 7-10 years]. AB - The present article deals with the data on the duration of antidiphtheria immunity, induced by the primary cycle of immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine, with the aim of considering the problems of optimizing the immunization schedule for children. The prolongation of the interval before the second booster immunization to 7-10 years produces no negative influence on the effectiveness of immunization. Besides, the study has shown that after the main complex of immunizations with adsorbed DPT vaccine protective immunity to diphtheria is retained in 90.3-96.8% of children covered by this study for 9-10 years. These data point to high immunological effectiveness of adsorbed DPT vaccine and to the possibility of prolonging the intervals between booster immunizations to 10 years, as well as decreasing the number of booster immunizations in the immunization schedule for children. PMID- 3497502 TI - [Features of the B-lymphocyte population of patients with malignant continuously progressive juvenile schizophrenia]. AB - Using immunofluorescence techniques, the authors measured the peripheral levels of B-lymphocytes and the number of immunoglobulin-synthetizing cells in 16 patients with malignant juvenile continuously progressive schizophrenia and in 19 healthy donors. The schizophrenic patients showed elevated amounts of circulating B-lymphocytes--24.4% versus 15.9% in the healthy donors. Moreover, this elevation came about at the expense of lymphocytes carrying immunoglobulins G and M on their surface. The study of the immunoglobulin-synthetizing property of B lymphocytes showed that B-lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients were more active. The blood of schizophrenic patients contained two times as many cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulins as in the control group. Differences in the number of cells with cytoplasmic immunoglobulins became even more significant following cultivation of lymphocytes with polyclonal B-cellular PWM activator. PMID- 3497503 TI - [Clinico-immunologic correlations in schizophrenia of various courses (on a B lymphocyte model)]. AB - The authors studied the relationship between the clinical parameters of schizophrenia and the immunological parameters as exemplified by the B-system of immunity. An analysis was conducted with the use of linear correlation coefficients whose sum (a correlational matrix) was subjected to a cluster analysis. The data obtained indicate a considerable increase in both levels and activity of B-lymphocytes in schizophrenic patients in an acute psychotic state. The characteristics of slowly-progressive schizophrenia distinguished by a torpid relatively benign course and mild mental disturbances also appear to determine a relatively mild nature of aberrations in the immunological status of the patients. The studied immunological parameters were found to correlate with the patients' age at the onset of the disease and at the time of psychosis manifestations. The authors supposed that the immunologic characteristics definitely correlated with the severity of the disease exacerbation, form, and gravity, while the degree of deviation of immunologic parameters from the norm makes it possible to better assess the nature of psychopathologic manifestations in schizophrenia. PMID- 3497505 TI - Dysregulation of the immune system in obese strain chickens with Hashimoto-like thyroiditis: intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. PMID- 3497504 TI - Studies of dental and oral changes of pregnant diabetic women. AB - The longitudinal examination of 132 pregnant diabetic women under care showed a 96.2% prevalence of gingivitis. The intensity of gingivitis was most marked in weeks 11 to 15, and 24 to 26 of pregnancy, and the correlation with changes in oral hygiene was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, the severity of diabetes had no effect on the degree of gingival inflammation. As for caries, the mean DMF values increased during diabetic pregnancy, the number of carious (D) and filled (F) teeth to a higher, that of extracted (M) teeth to a lesser degree, than in diabetic non-pregnant women. PMID- 3497507 TI - An anti-idiotypic antibody against Graves' IgG. PMID- 3497506 TI - Characterization of thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: detection of B and T cells specific for thyroid antigens. PMID- 3497508 TI - Expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene in growth stimulated porcine thyroid follicle cells. AB - In the present investigation the expression of c-myc in porcine thyroid follicle cells following the incubation with TSH or EGF was studied. EGF did not only have a mitotic effect on thyroid follicles but also increased c-myc mRNA. The increase in c-myc RNA is an early event in EGF stimulated thyroid cells. TSH had no effect on c-myc RNA levels of porcine thyroid cells. EGF-binding and sensitization to the mitotic activity of EGF, however, is increased by TSH. While TSH stimulates cAMP production and functional activity but not growth or c-myc expression of porcine thyroid cells, EGF produces cell division accompanied with c-myc expression. PMID- 3497509 TI - Evidence that thyroid growth promoting activity of immunoglobulin preparations is due to contamination with EGF. AB - Immunoglobulin (IG) preparations may be contaminated with growth factors. Therefore, we investigated whether the growth promoting activity in IG preparations (thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins = TGI) from patients with sporadic goitre may be caused by contaminating EGF (epidermal growth factor). EGF in sera as well as in indifferently prepared IG of patients with recurrent goitre (n = 23), Graves' disease (n = 19) and normals (n = 17) was determined by EGF receptor assay. Comparatively, the ability for stimulating thyroid cell growth was determined in these IG preparations (2 mg/ml). EGF in ammoniumsulphate (AS) precipitates was about 2-fold higher than serum EGF. The growth promoting activity of indifferent IG preparations correlated with the EGF content. After additional purification on protein A-sepharose, neither EGF, nor a growth promoting activity was found in these IG preparations. We therefore conclude, that the growth promoting activity of crude IG preparations may be due to a contamination with EGF. PMID- 3497511 TI - Thyrocyte HLA class II expression and regulation in relation to thyroid autoimmunity. AB - The occurrence of HLA Class II expression by thyroid (and other endocrine) epithelia in autoimmune diseases suggests that these cells may facilitate their own destruction by immunogenically presenting autoantigens. This is supported by the findings that Class II+ thyrocytes can specifically stimulate virus-specific and autoreactive T cell clones, and that Class II expression by thyrocytes correlates with the occurrence of thyroid autoantibodies. A variety of factors may contribute to the regulation of Class II expression by thyrocytes: this is induced by interferon (IFN-gamma), and is enhanced by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and by tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Conversely, epidermal growth factor (EGF) suppresses the induction of Class II in thyrocytes. This complex regulation is reflected in differences in HLA-D subregion expression between patients (DR greater than DP greater than DQ). The immune-based mechanisms of thyrocyte Class II regulation are clearly applicable to the on-going disease in an infiltrated thyroid, but the possibility of nonimmune Class II induction deserves attention, particularly in identifying factors which might contribute to the initial autoimmune attack. The possible involvement of such mechanisms in autoimmunity is supported by findings in Type I diabetes in which Class II+ islet beta cells can be found in the absence of infiltration. Further evidence is provided by the observation that a proportion of thyrocytes transformed with SV40 DNA constitutively express Class II molecules. Finally, the 'activated' state of capillary endothelial cells in organs subject to autoimmune attack suggests that they may play an important role in facilitating the autoreactive infiltration of the tissues. PMID- 3497510 TI - The mechanism of TSH induced increase in binding of EGF to porcine thyroid cell monolayers; the role of thyroid hormones. PMID- 3497512 TI - Stimulation of thyroid cell growth by thyrotropin and epidermal growth factor in isolated porcine thyroid follicles. PMID- 3497513 TI - Transplantation of human endocrine tissues to nude mice: a suitable in vivo model for the study of pathomechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid diseases. AB - After transplantation of human tissue to nu/nu mice the human lymphocytes disappear. In this context, interestingly, the DR-expression is not detectable anymore after transplantation of the tissues from patients with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis and cancer. Neopterin release was only demonstrable when T lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyrotoxicosis or PHA-stimulated lymphocytes were added, independently of the presence of DR-expression in the used culture tissues. These results seem to exclude a functional role of DR expression as a trigger mechanism of autoimmunity. It is supposed that DR-priming on epithelial cells is mediated by kinine production of activated T-lymphocytes or macrophages. PMID- 3497515 TI - The influence of interleukin-1 on the function of in vitro cultured human thyroid cells in monolayers. PMID- 3497514 TI - Comparison of the cellular infiltrate of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in vivo and after in vitro cell growth. PMID- 3497516 TI - Is remission of Graves' disease regulated by anti-idiotypic antibodies? AB - Our results show evidence for regulation of Graves' disease remission by anti idiotypic antibodies in a biologic assay. The polyclonality and functional heterogeneity of thyroid receptor antibodies is most likely the reason why evidence for idiotypic-anti-idiotypic regulation can be demonstrated in the autologous but not consistently in the homologous system. PMID- 3497517 TI - Deposits of immunoglobulins, complement, and immune complexes in inflamed human gingiva. AB - Gingival biopsy specimens from 20 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were obtained from inflamed sites with pockets of 5 mm or more. Sections were studied by an immunofluorescence technique, using polyclonal rabbit or goat anti-IgG, anti-IgM, anti-C1q, anti-C3a, and anti-C3c and mouse monoclonal anti-C9. Prewashed ethanol-fixed and nonwashed ethanol-fixed or frozen specimens showed many plasma cells staining for IgG or C3a, suggesting the possible occurrence of a receptor for C3a in plasma cells. Plasma cells containing IgM were also seen. Deposits of IgG and IgM with C1q, C3a, and C3c, suggesting immune complexes, were demonstrated by a double staining technique, combining fluorescein (FITC) or rhodamine (TRITC)-labeled anti-immunoglobulins with TRITC- or FITC-conjugated antibody to C3a, C3c, and C1q. The complexes were located mainly within or around vessel walls. Deposits of C3a and C1q were found in vessel walls, in the basement membrane zone of oral gingival epithelium, or diffusely distributed in the tissues. Deposits of C3c were found to a lesser extent and only in vessel walls. Mouse monoclonal anti-C9, visualized with FITC labeled rabbit anti-mouse and swine anti-rabbit antiserum, showed granular deposits of C9, mainly in the basement membrane zone of oral gingival epithelium. The study indicates the involvement of immune complex vasculitis in inflammatory periodontal lesions. Also, our observations of the occurrence of deposits of complement factors support the hypothesis that complement factors play an important role in the immunopathology of the periodontal lesion. PMID- 3497518 TI - The role of vaginal secretory immunoglobulin A, Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, and Chlamydia trachomatis in postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - In a prospective study of 129 women undergoing induced first-trimester abortion, 14 (10.9%) contracted postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Samples of vaginal secretion for quantitation of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as well as isolates from cervix/urethra for the culture of anaerobes and aerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis et melaninogenicus and Gardnerella vaginalis, were obtained at the preoperative visit. Two blood samples from each woman with postabortal PID were analysed for antibodies against G. vaginalis. Twenty-five per cent of women with a history of PID developed postabortal PID, and 25% with vaginitis contracted postabortal infection (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005). Twenty-five per cent of women harboring C. trachomatis at the time of abortion developed infection. The presence of anaerobes or G. vaginalis was not associated with the frequency of postabortal PID (all p-values greater than 0.1). One woman with postabortal PID produced a culture positive for G. vaginalis and a rise in specific antibody titer. The levels of vaginal sIgA were not significantly associated with a positive history of PID (p greater than 0.6), with postabortal PID (p greater than 0.4) or with the presence of anaerobes or G. vaginalis at the time of abortion (p greater than 0.3). However, significantly elevated levels of sIgA were found in women harboring C. trachomatis (p less than 0.05). Thus, the study could not demonstrate any correlation between vaginal sIgA and PID, but increased sIgA in Chlamydia-positive women. A history of PID and vaginitis entailed a significant risk of contracting postabortal PID. PMID- 3497519 TI - Function of the eustachian tube in an alternobaric environment. A study with special reference to the therapy of secretory otitis media in children. AB - The authors have obtained interesting data from the alternobaric treatment of secretory otitis media in children. Some functional differences of the Eustachian tube between adults and children were then studied by the combined use of sonotubometry and pressure loading. The results showed speculated that Eustachian tube function changes from infant type to adult type between the ages of 6 and 10 years. PMID- 3497520 TI - The role of the locus coeruleus in the gain regulation of vestibulospinal reflexes. AB - In precollicular decerebrate cats, activation of limb extensors during side-down roll tilt of the animal depends on both an increased discharge of excitatory vestibulospinal neurons and a reduced discharge of inhibitory medullary reticulospinal (mRS) neurons. These inhibitory neurons are tonically excited by a cholinergic pontine reticular formation (pRF) system, which is in turn inhibited by norepinephrine (NE)-containing locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Functional inactivation of LC neurons, produced by local injection of clonidine, which acts on the somatodendritic alpha 2-adrenoceptors by enhancing recurrent and/or lateral inhibition of the NE neurons, enhanced the response gain of the triceps brachii to animal tilt. We postulate that inactivation of LC neurons releases the cholinergic pRF system and the related mRS system from the suppressive influence exerted by the noradrenergic terminals. The increased discharge of these neuronal systems in the animal at rest would lead to a greater disinhibition which affects the limb extensor motoneurons during side-down tilt, thus increasing the response gain of the corresponding muscle to the same amount of labyrinth stimulation. PMID- 3497521 TI - Impulse noise induced damage in the vestibular end organs of the guinea pig. A light microscopic study. AB - Guinea pigs were exposed to the impulse noise from 90-300 rifle shots (peak 158 dB SPL, maximal energy content at 1.1 kHz). This exposure induced severe cochlear damage. The vestibular end organs also showed damage of varying degree. The ampullary cristae were most severely damaged, but changes were also seen in the utricular and saccular maculae. The changes appear to be primarily mechanical and to result from the effect of the acoustic pressure wave on the vestibular labyrinth. PMID- 3497522 TI - Craniocorpography in the diagnosis and therapeutic indication of endolymphatic hydrops. AB - The glycerol test helps to establish the differential diagnosis between Meniere's disease and other vertigo disturbances, but the test becomes very long and in its primary form informs us only about the cochlear response to the osmotic changes produced by glycerol in the inner ear, and tells us nothing about the vestibular response. In patients with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops we have performed simultaneously the glycerol test with audiometric and craniocorpographic (CCG) control. The response of the vestibular apparatus to the glycerol becomes evident in 84.5% of cases on average in 30 min. By contrast, the variation in the hearing threshold appears in only 54% of cases and required on average 60 min. At the same time, CCG is easier and shorter to perform than audiometry, showing five different types of response to glycerol. The combined use of audiometry and CCG allows us to predict with sufficient accuracy the response of the endolymphatic hydrops to the treatment, simplifying the therapeutic indication and the choice of the surgical technique. PMID- 3497523 TI - Localization and fine structure of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the organ of Corti of guinea pigs by immunohistochemistry. AB - The localization and fine structure of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) like immunoreactive (CGRPI) fibres in the guinea pig cochlea were examined using immunohistochemistry. Numerous CGRPI fibres were located in the inner spiral bundle corresponding to the lateral system of the olivocochlear bundle. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis demonstrated that the CGRPI fibres belonged to the efferent terminals and some of them made synaptic contacts with peripheral neurites of the auditory nerve. These findings suggested that the olivocochlear CGRP neuron system influenced the neural activity of the auditory nerve, which conveys auditory information from the cochlea to the central nervous system. PMID- 3497524 TI - Alpha-amylase in the serum and tissues of rabbits and the effect of vitamin C on its activity. AB - The activity of total alpha-amylase was determined by Caraway's method in the serum and organs of 25 rabbits after administration of physiological salt solution or of vitamin C. The activity in the serum was 4658 U/l, 80% of which was constituted by thermolabile amylase. Among the tissues studied, the highest activity of this enzyme was found in the parotid and pancreas -375.6 U/g and 294.8 U/g respectively. The activity was six times lower in the wall of small intestine, and ten times lower in the liver. The activity of alpha-amylase in the rabbit serum was found to be higher than that in man and it varied under the influence of vitamin C in relation to the dose and administration time. The diurnal oscillations of alpha-amylase activity in serum indicate that the determination of the activity of this enzyme for research or diagnostic purposes should be performed at the same time of day. PMID- 3497525 TI - Adolescent marijuana use: the role of the physician. AB - Adolescent marijuana use is an issue of concern to the community at large. Physicians now have the technology to identify marijuana use and thus are in a unique position to deal with the issue. This article addresses the moral issues related to screening and surveillance of adolescent marijuana use and postulates the justification for active physician intervention. PMID- 3497526 TI - [Influence of a bovine calf thymic humoral factor on the non-specific cellular immune response of bladder carcinoma patients]. AB - The thymus humoral factor (THF) was extracted from the bovine calf thymus, and its effect on the non-specific cellular immune response of 34 bladder carcinoma patients was studied using the modified micro-whole blood culture method. As a result, in the early stage of bladder carcinoma, the immuno-deficient state of the lymphocytes was restored under the influence of THF, in vitro, but in the terminal stage of bladder carcinoma, the effect of THF was not observed. This difference was clear between the low stage group and high stage group. This fact indicates that the accumulation of precursor T cells occurs in the peripheral blood of the patients of low stage bladder carcinoma, and THF is thought to be effective on T cell maturation. In the late stage of bladder carcinoma, disturbance of the production of immature T cells in the bone marrow is suspected. PMID- 3497527 TI - [Studies of immunosuppressive substances in human seminal plasma]. AB - Endogenous opioids, which have been shown to exhibit pharmacological and physiological activity on the immune system, have recently been reported to inhibit rosette formation between human T lymphocytes and sheep red blood cells. Because those opioids were found at a higher concentration in seminal plasma than in plasma, we studied whether seminal plasma could influence E rosette formation in 23 patients who complained of infertility. Seminal plasma significantly inhibited E rosette formation. With the dilution of seminal plasma, the percentage of E rosette formation increased. The incubation mixture of naloxone prevented the inhibition of E rosette formation produced by seminal plasma. The percentage of E rosette formation was significantly inhibited in azoospermia and oligozoospermia than in normozoospermia. In conclusion, these results suggest that opioids exert a suppressive effect on E rosette formation and may play a role in human spermatogenesis. PMID- 3497528 TI - Intraarterial fibrinolytic therapy for popliteal and tibial artery obstruction: comparison of streptokinase and urokinase. AB - Experience with using intraarterial fibrinolysis in the treatment of occlusive disease of the popliteal artery and runoff vessels is limited. We describe the techniques and results in 25 patients with 30 fibrinolytic infusions of the popliteal and tibial arteries and compare them with the initial and long-term results of treatment using streptokinase and urokinase. The roles of catheter delivery systems and systemic heparin in the prevention of pericatheter thrombus were also studied. Urokinase was initially successful in 18 (90%) of 20 intraarterial infusions, whereas streptokinase was effective in 8 (80%) of 10 intraarterial infusions. Urokinase had the advantages of a shorter effective infusion time and fewer complications. Long-term follow-up was available in 20 of the successfully treated patients. Sixteen of these patients were doing well with an average follow-up of 27 months. The duration of the initial occlusion may be useful in identifying patients at risk for early reocclusion. No limbs were lost because of complications of therapy. The coaxial catheter system with a divided fibrinolytic dose provided protection against pericatheter thrombus, while systemic heparin was ineffective. Our results suggest that urokinase is more effective than streptokinase for intraarterial infusion in the treatment of occlusion of the popliteal and tibial arteries; this procedure is an important alternative to surgery or an adjuvant to surgery in selected patients. PMID- 3497529 TI - MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system: current and future status. PMID- 3497530 TI - Reliability of selective pulmonary arteriography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. AB - To test the reliability of conventional selective pulmonary arteriography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, three angiographers reviewed the arteriograms of a series of 60 patients retrospectively, independently, and without benefit of additional data. Pulmonary arteriograms had been interpreted as positive for pulmonary embolism in 25 of these patients during their hospitalizations. Angiographers A, B, and C judged the arteriograms of 24, 29, and 25 patients, respectively, as positive for pulmonary embolism. Mean interobserver agreement was 86%. Interobserver agreement was not associated significantly with the quality of the arteriogram or with selective injection of a lobar vs a pulmonary artery, but was associated strongly with the magnitude of thromboembolism. All angiographers agreed that the arteriograms were positive in 18 cases of pulmonary embolism graded as massive, lobar, or segmental, but agreed in only two of 15 cases graded as subsegmental. We conclude that conventional selective pulmonary arteriography is reliable in the detection of embolus in segmental or larger pulmonary arteries. Observer disagreement becomes considerable for embolus limited to subsegmental pulmonary arteries, indicating that emboli of this size are at the resolution limit of the technique. PMID- 3497531 TI - Intrathoracic manifestations of metastatic testicular seminoma: a comparison of chest radiographic and CT findings. AB - The chest radiographs and CT scans of 200 patients with pure testicular seminoma were reviewed. The radiographs showed evidence of intrathoracic metastatic disease in 25 patients (12.5%). Of these, 17 had an abnormal mediastinal contour, seven had pulmonary metastases, five had pleural effusions, and two had discrete pleural masses. CT showed evidence of intrathoracic metastatic disease in 30 patients (15%). This included mediastinal nodal enlargement in 21, pulmonary metastases in 12, pleural effusions in six, and pleural masses in two. CT not only showed disease in five patients with normal chest radiographs, but also showed additional sites of disease in four other patients with abnormal chest radiographs. The results suggest that mediastinal nodal enlargement is the most common intrathoracic manifestation of metastatic testicular seminoma. CT is more accurate than chest radiography in the detection of metastatic seminoma in the chest and defines the extent of metastatic disease more precisely. PMID- 3497532 TI - Focal acute acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 3497533 TI - Ascaris-induced pancreatitis. PMID- 3497534 TI - Esophageal deviation: pushed or pulled? PMID- 3497535 TI - Appendicitis as the initial manifestation of Crohn's disease: radiologic features and prognosis. AB - Twenty-five patients 15-47 years old presented with appendicitis as the initial manifestation of Crohn's disease. This entity accounted for 1.8% of all appendicitis patients undergoing surgery at our institution during a recent 9 year period. Preoperative radiologic studies in 18 (72%) of 25 cases showed abnormalities indicating the presence of appendicitis or periappendiceal abscess, but not the specific diagnosis of Crohn's disease as the underlying cause. Histopathologic evidence for an isolated, transmural, or granulomatous appendicitis was found in 20 patients; in two of these there was a local recurrence within 3 years after surgery, while 18 others have remained asymptomatic during follow-ups of up to 8 years. In the other five patients Crohn's disease caused appendicitis with concurrent inflammation of the cecum or terminal ileum; three of these cases were complicated by progressive granulomatous ileocolitis within 2 years. The data presented herein indicate that Crohn's disease can originate in and be confined to the appendix, yet manifest clinical symptoms leading to emergency laparotomy; preoperative radiologic findings are similar to those of suppurative appendicitis, but visualization of a markedly thickened appendiceal wall with patent or irregularly narrowed lumen supports the diagnosis of Crohn's appendicitis; and primary Crohn's disease of the appendix has a favorable long-term prognosis after simple appendectomy, despite a 10% incidence of recurrence as granulomatous ileocolitis. PMID- 3497536 TI - Primary panendoscopy: a radiologist's response. PMID- 3497537 TI - The evaluation of gross hematuria in anticoagulated patients: efficacy of i.v. urography and cystoscopy. AB - To determine the efficacy of investigating gross hematuria in anticoagulated patients, records were reviewed of 24 patients who had gross hematuria while being treated with warfarin for various thromboembolic disorders. All had IV urography, and half had cystoscopy. Sources of bleeding were found in seven (29%) of 24 patients by IV urography and in five (42%) of 12 patients by cystoscopy. Abnormalities considered responsible for bleeding included renal stones (four), transitional cell carcinoma (one), calcified renal mass (one), lymphoma (one), bladder tumors (two), hemorrhagic cystitis (two), and a bleeding prostate tumor (one). Additionally, an enlarged prostate was the only abnormal finding in five patients. If an enlarged prostate is considered a source of bleeding, the workup that included both IV urography and cystoscopy identified a cause of bleeding in 17 (71%) of 24 patients. The results suggest that IV urography and cystography are warranted in patients who take anticoagulants and who have gross hematuria. PMID- 3497538 TI - Spermatic granuloma complicating abdominoperineal resection of the rectum: diagnosis by CT, MR imaging, and percutaneous biopsy. PMID- 3497539 TI - MR imaging of marrow changes adjacent to end plates in degenerative lumbar disk disease. AB - MR studies of the lumbar spine in 41 patients were analyzed at 203 disk interspaces to assess the appearance and frequency of bone marrow signal changes in the vertebral bodies adjacent to normal and degenerated disks. Degenerative changes were found at 58 interspaces; an abnormal bone marrow signal was identified in 29 (50%) of these. On spin-echo pulse sequences with short and long repetition times (TRs) and echo times (TEs), an area of relative increased signal intensity was seen in the vertebral body adjacent to the disk in 24 cases (17 were bandlike on both sides of the disk, four were focal on one side of the disk, and three were bandlike and focal on one or both sides of the disk). In one patient decreased signal was noted on both short and long TR/TE imaging. In the other four patients decreased signal was noted on short TR/TE pulse sequences and increased signal was evident on long TR/TE. These marrow changes were not present adjacent to normal disks. The relatively high signal intensity on both short and long TR/TE pulse sequences suggests that the increased signal resulted from the conversion of normal hemopoietic bone marrow to fatty marrow. We conclude that bandlike or focal areas of high signal intensity in the bone marrow adjacent to degenerated intervertebral disks occur commonly on MR images of the spine and must not be confused with signal changes from tumors or infections involving the disk space and adjacent vertebral end plates. PMID- 3497540 TI - Percutaneous biopsy of the cervical spine using CT guidance. AB - CT was used during the percutaneous needle biopsies of seven cervical spine lesions. Four were primary bone tumors, and there was one case each of metastasis, fibrous dysplasia, and infection. Two of the lesions were located in the lateral masses of C1 and one was in the pedicle of C2. The other four were in the lower cervical spine (C4-C6). Accurate diagnosis was obtained on the first attempt in six (86%) of seven cases. No complications were encountered. This experience suggests that needle biopsy performed with CT guidance is both safe and effective. PMID- 3497541 TI - MR imaging of the normal elbow: anatomic correlation. PMID- 3497542 TI - A CT table attachment for parasagittal scanning of the axilla. PMID- 3497543 TI - MR imaging of solitary osteochondromas: report of eight cases. AB - MR imaging was performed in eight patients with osteochondromas, and the results were compared with the histologic findings in six of these cases. MR imaging effectively showed the essential anatomic features of lesions and was particularly useful in assessing the presence and thickness of the cartilage cap. The cartilage cap was clearly seen as a region of high signal intensity on T2 weighted images. A superficial zone of low signal intensity was seen covering the cartilage cap, corresponding to an intact perichondrium, in all of the five cases in which histologic examination confirmed the presence of an intact perichondrium. The results of MR in these cases suggest that MR is useful in the preoperative planning of cases in which excision of an osteochondroma is necessary. Optimal surgical resection of the lesion requires complete excision of an intact perichondrium to prevent possible recurrence of the tumor. PMID- 3497544 TI - Arthrography: past, present, and future. PMID- 3497545 TI - Cor triatriatum: diagnosis by MR imaging. PMID- 3497546 TI - Neuroradiology: the next 25 years. PMID- 3497547 TI - Lymphomas of the head and neck: CT findings at initial presentation. AB - CT findings were reviewed in 68 patients with untreated head and neck lymphoma. More than half of the patients with either Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were detected in the earlier stages (stage I or II). Four types of abnormalities were identified with CT: nodal involvement alone (type 1), extranodal involvement alone (type 2), a combination of extranodal and nodal disease (type 3), and multifocal extranodal disease with or without nodal involvement (type 4). In the 18 patients with Hodgkin's disease, a subgroup of mixed cellularity was most common; type 1 was the prevailing CT presentation, and no type 2 or 4 lesions were observed. In the 50 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic subtype, and the most common CT presentation was type 2, followed by type 3. Lymphomatous nodes may be extensive and confluent, but often they are smaller than 2 cm and rarely are necrotized. The most frequent extranodal sites of head and neck lymphomas are Waldeyer's ring, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity. Extranodal lymphoma cannot be differentiated reliably from the more commonly occurring carcinoma, although it is less often associated with invasion and destruction of adjacent bony structures. Multiple sites of extranodal involvement, with or without neck lymphadenopathy, may suggest a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3497548 TI - An early CT sign of ischemic infarction: increased density in a cerebral artery. AB - The diagnosis of ischemic cerebral infarction by CT usually is not possible for 12-24 hr after the event. A sign that allows earlier diagnosis is increased density of a cerebral vessel secondary to a thrombus or embolus. We report 19 cases of increased density in a middle cerebral artery or one of its major branches visible on the initial CT scan of patients subsequently clinically proven to have suffered a cerebrovascular accident. In three cases angiography confirmed the presence of embolus or thrombus as seen on the CT scans. In several cases subsequent CT scans showed the density to dissipate, thereby confirming its nature as thrombus or embolus. Recognition of this finding will allow earlier diagnosis of ischemic infarction, which may be important in instituting an appropriate therapeutic regimen. PMID- 3497549 TI - Carotid cavernous fistulae: indications for urgent treatment. AB - Angiographic and clinical data from 155 patients with carotid cavernous fistulae were retrospectively reviewed to determine angiographic features associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. These features included presence of a pseudoaneurysm, large varix of the cavernous sinus, venous drainage to cortical veins, and thrombosis of venous outflow pathways distant from the fistula. Clinical signs and symptoms that characterized a hazardous carotid cavernous fistula included increased intracranial pressure, rapidly progressive proptosis, diminished visual acuity, hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attacks. Cortical venous drainage from the carotid cavernous fistula is secondary to occlusion or absence of the normal venous outflow pathways and is associated with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and an increased risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Angiographic demonstration of a cavernous sinus varix, with extension of the sinus into the subarachnoid space, is associated with an increased risk of fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Identification of these high-risk features provides a basis for making decisions about treatment. PMID- 3497551 TI - Role of CT in excluding major arterial injury after blunt thoracic trauma. AB - The role of CT in the diagnosis of major vascular rupture following blunt decelerating chest trauma is controversial. Its value in excluding major arterial injury has not yet been determined. During a 12-month period we obtained dynamic enhanced thoracic CT studies in 20 patients with blunt decelerating thoracic trauma who had abnormal or equivocal mediastinal contours on chest radiographs. In all cases diagnosis was confirmed by either digital subtraction (18 patients) or conventional thoracic angiography (two patients). CT scans showed evidence of direct aortic injury in three patients and evidence of mediastinal hematoma in five others. Four of these eight patients had major arterial injury verified angiographically and at surgery. In two patients the CT scan was considered equivocal; both patients had normal thoracic angiograms. CT excluded direct vascular injury or mediastinal hematoma in 10 patients. All 10 had normal thoracic angiograms. This preliminary study suggests that, in patients sustaining blunt decelerating thoracic trauma, thoracic CT may be more valuable than chest radiography in excluding major vascular injury and, in some cases, may reduce the need for thoracic angiography. PMID- 3497550 TI - Pitfalls in the CT diagnosis of atlantoaxial rotary subluxation. AB - CT was used to examine six patients with clinically evident atlantoaxial rotary fixation, two patients with torticollis, and six normal subjects who had turned their heads to the side as far as voluntarily possible. The CT appearances of the atlantoaxial complex were identical in all three groups. To differentiate these groups, we propose a functional scan through C1-C2 in which patients are scanned initially as they present, with their heads fixed in lateral rotation. Subsequent scans are obtained with their heads turned to the maximum contralateral rotation. CT scans in patients with atlantoaxial rotary fixation demonstrate no motion at C1-C2 during this maneuver, while those in patients with transient torticollis show a reduction or reversal of the rotation of C1 on C2. PMID- 3497552 TI - Angiography in patients with arterial trauma: correlation between angiographic abnormalities, operative findings, and clinical outcome. AB - The arteriograms and clinical course of 280 consecutive patients with suspected arterial trauma were reviewed to correlate the angiographic abnormalities with operative findings and to assess the impact of these findings on surgical management and prognosis. Major angiographic abnormalities were found in 77 patients. Arterial occlusion (46 patients) was caused by intimal flap injury or arterial transection with subsequent thrombosis and frequently presented with an acutely ischemic extremity (27 patients, three of whom required subsequent amputations). Intraluminal defects typical for intimal flaps (20 patients) were the most difficult pathologic entity to diagnose, accounting for two false positive angiograms and the sole false-negative examination. Focal luminal widening (five patients) corresponded with a partial-thickness injury of the arterial wall. Major angiographic extravasation of contrast material (19 patients) was caused by arterial laceration or transection and usually presented with clinical signs of acute hemorrhage; massive pelvic hemorrhage was the cause of death in three patients. Acute arteriovenous fistulas (four patients) were from arterial laceration with venous communication. Arterial narrowing with a smooth margin (50 patients) was a finding associated with a benign clinical course, except when combined with slowed arterial flow--a characteristic finding of compartment syndrome (six of 13 patients). An irregular beaded pattern of arterial narrowing (23 patients) was associated with severe injuries, subsequent poor fracture healing, and wound infection. A detailed angiographic map is of considerable value in planning surgical management. The absence of major angiographic abnormalities usually eliminates the need for surgical exploration; the location of injury and routes of distal blood flow affect the feasibility of conservative therapy; the length of occlusion influences the necessity of saphenous vein harvesting; the location of arterial extravasation determines the advisability of surgical ligation or transcatheter embolization; and the need for fasciotomy may be suggested first by the angiographic features of compartment syndrome. PMID- 3497553 TI - Use of light localizer in fluoroscopically guided percutaneous procedures. PMID- 3497554 TI - Percutaneous atheroma removal using a wire basket. PMID- 3497555 TI - Improved guidewire immobilization technique for interventional procedures. PMID- 3497556 TI - An improved method for estimating the entrance exposure in diagnostic radiographic examinations. AB - There is currently a widespread consensus on the importance of monitoring patient radiation exposures during radiographic examinations. Diagnostic facilities under federal jurisdiction already legislate maximum patient exposure limits for various diagnostic radiologic examinations, while an increasing number of state legislatures have instituted such regulations. Compliance requires that institutions be capable of assessing each patient's entrance exposures. A method is proposed that would facilitate the acquisition of such patient exposure information in a relatively straightforward and accurate manner, requiring a minimum number of measurements and access to a suitable programmable calculator. A standardized set of exposure measurements obtained on an accurately calibrated three-phase radiographic unit has been fitted by an analytic function. The average accuracy of the fit between the limits of 40-140 kVp and 2.5- to 6.0-mm aluminum filtration was 0.3%. The concept of linear scaling was employed to allow the analytic function to accurately reproduce the exposure outputs of different radiographic units. Validation experiments on patients indicated that an overall accuracy of 10% can be expected when using well-calibrated radiographic equipment. The method described permits institutions to verify their compliance with federal and/or state regulations and to confirm that their radiation exposures are consistent with national averages. PMID- 3497558 TI - Risk management for the radiologist. PMID- 3497557 TI - Wall Street entrepreneurs and imaging centers: an insidious threat to radiology. PMID- 3497559 TI - Prudent diplomacy: shared radiology, not radiation. PMID- 3497560 TI - Diverticulitis: evaluation by CT and contrast enema. PMID- 3497561 TI - Medication-induced esophagitis: diagnosis by double-contrast esophagography. PMID- 3497562 TI - An academic career: the rest of the story. PMID- 3497563 TI - Heterotopic excretion of i.v. contrast material by the appendix. PMID- 3497564 TI - [Respiratory function in asthmatics deficient and non-deficient in alpha 1 antitrypsin]. AB - The high prevalence of alleles S and Z in relation to deficient states of alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) in patients with allergic bronchial syndrome has been tested in a sample of the population in Havana City. Due to the high incidence of bronchial asthma in Cuba, it is important to study the factors that might be involved in its etiology, and that is why the probable relation of alpha-1-AT deficiency to bronchial asthma is analyzed in this work. The phenotype for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) and the maximum expiratory flow were determined in 174 male and female ambulatory asthmatics between 15 and 82 years of age, by means of a manual flow meter. The possible relationship between the age at which asthma crisis shows up and the phenotype for alpha-1-AT was taken into account. In 108 patients who showed neither dyspnea nor auscultatory signs at the time of expiratory flow measurement, the influence of the phenotype for alpha-1-AT and the age at which the crisis show up on the maximum flow values and eventual interaction of both factors were studied. The maximum flow values reached by patients bearing different phenotypes according to the time of asthma development were also compared. The results did not show significant differences in any comparison made among the subjects with normal phenotypes for alpha-1-AT and the deficient phenotypes beares. Nevertheless, there might be differences in the respiratory function between normal and deficient phenotypes of alpha-1-AT that might be hidden because of the simultaneous occurrence of other factors participating in the etiopathogenesis of bronchial asthma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497565 TI - Effect of recombinant interleukin-2 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells following antigen-specific bronchial provocation. AB - In a group of 18 patients with seasonal asthma and rhinitis acute bronchial provocation was performed with grass pollen antigens. Blood samples were taken before and 15 minutes after the maximal clinical response. Effect of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by tritiated thymidine uptake method was investigated. T4 and T8 subpopulations were also evaluated before and after acute challenge. The patients had a significantly higher responsiveness of their PBMCs to IL-2 in vitro. After acute challenge there was a significant reduction of the IL-2 responsiveness as well as a decrease in percentage of T4 cells. These changes, however, poorly correlated with the degree of bronchial obstruction and with the dose of inhaled antigen. PMID- 3497567 TI - Usefulness of ejection fraction response to exercise one month after acute myocardial infarction in predicting coronary anatomy and prognosis. AB - The prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) measured during maximal exercise testing early after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was assessed in 75 patients, aged 65 years or younger, a mean of 36 days after AMI. At follow-up for a mean 12 months (range 6 to 26), medical complications developed in 15 patients: cardiac death in 5, ventricular fibrillation in 1, reinfarction in 2, unstable angina in 5, and severe cardiac failure in 2. Seven other patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting for severe angina. When LVEF less than 50% at rest was compared with LVEF of 50% or more, the 2-year life table survival free of complications was 54 +/- 21% compared with 84 +/- 19% (p less than 0.05). When exercise LVEF less than 50% was compared with LVEF of 50% or more, the 2-year survival rate free of medical complication was 42 +/- 32% compared with 83 +/- 20% (p less than 0.05). LVEF change from rest to exercise was not related to prognosis. Patients with combined medical and surgical events tended to have lower rest and exercise LVEFs, but changes in LVEF during exercise were again unrelated to prognosis. Sixty-five patients underwent coronary arteriography. After inferior AMI the mean LVEF was lower in those with multivessel than in those with 1-vessel coronary artery disease at rest (47 +/- 13% vs 59 +/- 7%, p less than 0.005) and during exercise (47 +/- 13% vs 59 +/- 9%, p less than 0.005); however, the change in LVEF during exercise was not related to coronary anatomy anatomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497566 TI - Autoantibody generation by cross-reactive antigens: possible homeostatic mechanism. AB - Inbred (C57BL6 X CBA) F1 mice or outbred Ico: OF1 (Caw) mice received a weekly injection of rat erythrocytes for 2-3 months and the (IgM and IgG) antibody levels to autologous erythrocytes were measured by ELISA. No autoantibodies were found in serum but the erythrocyte-bound IgM and IgG antibodies rose initially and levelled off afterwards (usually from day 14 onwards). The anti-rat erythrocyte antibody response also rose sharply at the beginning and eventually levelled off. This suggests the existence of one or several homeostatic mechanisms. Ico: OF1 (Caw) mice received a weekly injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 75 micrograms/mouse, for 7 weeks, and the autoantibody levels to autologous erythrocytes and to ssDNA were measured by ELISA. While LPS readily increased the anti-ssDNA autoantibody level, it failed to elicit detectable concentrations of erythrocyte-bound antibodies. Nevertheless, LPS enhanced the response to autologous erythrocytes triggered by a suboptimal dose of rat erythrocytes. This suggests that LPS induces autoantibodies to those antigens that have already initiated an immune response. PMID- 3497568 TI - Rupture of the ventricular septum or left ventricular free wall from acute myocardial infarction early after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3497569 TI - Transcatheter aspiration of a thrombus in an aortocoronary saphenous vein graft. PMID- 3497570 TI - Correlation of prevalence and severity of valvular aortic stenosis determined by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography with physical signs of aortic stenosis in patients aged 62 to 100 years with aortic systolic ejection murmurs. PMID- 3497571 TI - Folacin status in adolescent females. AB - The folacin status of 103 adolescent females aged 12, 14, and 16 y was evaluated. In the third year, longitudinal data regarding folacin status was obtained from 50 girls aged 14 and 16 y who had participated in the first year. In the first year, 11.7% and 47.6% of the girls had serum and erythrocyte folacin levels less than 3 ng/mL (6.8 nmol/L) and 140 ng/mL (317 nmol/L), respectively. Serum folacin levels and dietary folacin intake decreased with increasing age but not significantly. During the first year, 75% and 66% of the subjects that were folacin deficient based upon serum and erythrocyte folacin values, respectively, were the same subjects considered to be deficient during the third year. Folacin status, as indicated by serum and erythrocyte folacin values, was not related to per capita income. These findings demonstrate that folacin status is less than adequate in females during the adolescent years. PMID- 3497573 TI - Iron deficiency and interleukin 1 production by rat leukocytes. AB - The production of the immunotransmitter, interleukin 1 (IL-1), by peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) was examined in iron-deficient and control rats. Three groups of weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified diet containing 6, 12, or 35 ppm iron for 6 wk to produce severe iron deficiency, moderate iron deficiency, or adequate iron status. Crude IL-1 samples were prepared from acute PEC and assayed for activity. IL-1 preparations from severely and moderately iron deficient rats enhanced mouse thymocyte proliferation in vitro less than half as much as IL-1 preparations from control rats. In a rabbit bioassay, injection of IL-1 prepared with PEC from either group of iron-deficient rats had little effect on body temperature or plasma minerals, while IL-1 from iron-adequate source PEC produced a febrile response and markedly lowered plasma iron and zinc in recipient rabbits. Severe or moderate iron deficiency, then, clearly impairs IL-1 production by rat PEC. PMID- 3497572 TI - Calcium and vitamin D supplements: effects on calcium metabolism in elderly people. AB - Calcium and vitamin D status were studied in 193 healthy elderly French people. Calcium intake was less than 500 mg/d in 62% of the patients and the vitamin D intake was less than 5 micrograms/d in all patients. They also exhibited reduced levels of serum calcium (SCa) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (SAP). The response to calcium (1000 mg/d) and ergocalciferol (20 micrograms/d) supplementation given for 6 mo was evaluated in 65 patients with 69 subjects taken as controls. The treatment induced a significant increase in SCa and in 25-OHD levels, and a subsequent decrease in PTH levels without modification of the mean calcitriol levels. The biochemical changes were more marked in long-stay hospital patients than in outpatients. All these changes were significantly different from those observed in the control group. Increasing the calcium and vitamin D intake reduces the biochemical signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly people. PMID- 3497574 TI - Dual-field rotational (DFR) technique for total-skin electron-beam therapy (TSEBT). AB - Comparison of dosimetry measured in a noncylindrical Rando-Alderson phantom by two-field, four-field, and six-field total-skin electron-beam therapy (TSEBT) techniques with our dual-field rotational (DFR) technique reveals a superior dosimetry for the latter. Our technique of dual-field rotational DFR-TSEBT is described in detail, and its advantages and indications for the primary management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are discussed. PMID- 3497576 TI - Descriptive epidemiology from an epizootic of raccoon rabies in the Middle Atlantic States, 1982-1983. AB - During 1982 and 1983, the Centers for Disease Control and cooperating Middle Atlantic States and local health departments collected data on 1,610 raccoons that were submitted for rabies testing and on 133 persons who received rabies postexposure prophylaxis as a result of exposure to wild animals. Raccoons were found most commonly in yards and residential areas. Raccoons that were killed by private citizens, animal-control personnel, or dogs had the highest positivity rate (70%), and those that were trapped had the lowest (9%). Raccoons that were found during the day or that exhibited abnormal behavior and those that had interacted with a domestic animal were more likely to be rabid. Examination of the data on human exposure disclosed that many exposures could have been avoided or prevented. Almost 50% of postexposure treatments were administered to persons whose actual risk of exposure was low or nonexistent. PMID- 3497575 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis in prepubertal girls. AB - A prospective study was established to determine the significance of the isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis from the vagina in prepubertal children. Two hundred fifty-six children were enrolled. Group 1 consisted of 137 children who had been victims of sexual abuse; group 2, forty-eight children with genitourinary complaints and no history of sexual abuse; and group 3, seventy-one children with no genitourinary complaints and no history of sexual abuse. Gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from 20 patients (14.6%) in group 1 and five (4.2%) of 119 control patients from groups 2 and 3. Within group 1, G vaginalis was more likely to be isolated from children with a history of multiple episodes of sexual abuse than those with a single episode. Gardnerella vaginalis was not associated with any other historical, physical, or laboratory findings, including vaginal erythema or vaginal discharge. PMID- 3497577 TI - Megakaryocyte progenitors in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of patients with myeloproliferative diseases. AB - We studied the behavior in culture of megakaryocyte progenitor cells (CFU-Mk) from peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells in eight patients with myeloproliferative diseases (MPD). In seven patients we observed megakaryocyte (Mk) colony formation from PB cells, which were generated in the absence of any added stimulator and which did not increase after the addition of a source of Mk colony stimulating activity (CSA-Mk). The number of BM CFU-Mk was significantly higher in patients than in controls, and in seven out of eight patients the responsiveness to added CSA-Mk was retained. Plasma obtained from six patients did not stimulate normal donors' BM target cells to form Mk colonies. These data demonstrate an expansion of the CFU-Mk pool in MPD patients without increased plasma levels of CSA-Mk, and suggest that PB and BM CFU-Mk of MPD patients might have different kinetic properties. PMID- 3497578 TI - A respiratory epidemiological survey of workers in a small South African foundry. AB - A cross-sectional study to assess prevalence of respiratory abnormality was conducted among 107 South African foundry workers. The prevalence of pneumoconiosis was 10.3% overall, increasing to 38% for workers with more than 15 years of service. Dyspnea was present in 38% of workers, chronic simple bronchitis in 15.9%, and asthmatic symptoms in 27%. Pneumoconiosis was not associated with higher prevalence rates of other respiratory abnormalities. The high overall prevalence of respiratory symptoms might be explained by exposure to environmental pollutants other than dust. PMID- 3497580 TI - Significance of occult gastrointestinal bleeding during anticoagulation therapy. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to determine the effect of anticoagulation therapy on the prevalence of occult gastrointestinal bleeding and to ascertain the causes of bleeding. During a six-month period, 256 patients who had received anticoagulants were screened for occult bleeding with guaiac-impregnated cards. Twenty-one (12 percent) of the 175 patients who had received anticoagulants and who voluntarily completed the cards had occult gastrointestinal bleeding compared with only two (3 percent) of 74 control patients who had not received anticoagulants. The mean prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time did not differ significantly in the patients who had received anticoagulants with and without subsequent bleeding. Fifteen of 16 patients who had received anticoagulants and who underwent diagnostic evaluation had previously undiagnosed lesions in the intestinal tract. These results indicate that occult gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient who has received an anticoagulant should not be attributed to the anticoagulant; instead, such bleeding often indicates the presence of significant intestinal disease. PMID- 3497579 TI - Aspirin and risk of bleeding in patients with thrombocythemia. AB - Thirty-two patients with thrombocythemia associated with myeloproliferative syndromes were selected on the basis of normal bleeding time and absence of hemorrhagic or thrombotic history. Twenty-five control subjects were studied simultaneously. They were all given a single intravenous infusion of 500 mg of aspirin (lysine acetylsalicylate), and bleeding time was measured two hours later. Both in the control group and in the patient group, aspirin significantly prolonged the bleeding time, but the average prolongation was significantly more pronounced in the patients. In comparison with the control subjects, the patients had a statistically significant reduction of platelet serotonin content and no difference in the production of platelet lipoxygenase derivative 12-HETE or plasma von Willebrand factor properties. Fourteen patients had abnormal platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline (epinephrine), or collagen. In six of them, all with very low serotonin content, the bleeding time was prolonged above the upper limit of the post-aspirin values in the control group. Thus, cyclooxygenase inhibition by aspirin unmasked a bleeding tendency in patients with a severe reduction in platelet dense bodies content. These findings might be relevant in relation to the use of antiplatelet drugs. PMID- 3497581 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with esophageal varices. What is the most common source? AB - The course of portal hypertension often is complicated by variceal bleeding, which tends to be massive and has a poor prognosis. In contrast to previous reports, this study of 299 episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding found that among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom varices are seen endoscopically, the varices are the cause of bleeding in the great majority. PMID- 3497582 TI - Haemophilus influenzae infection and midtrimester abortion. PMID- 3497583 TI - Exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis treated without systemic antibiotics. AB - We treated 16 patients (16 eyes) with culture-proven exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis with intravitreal and subconjunctival antibiotics but without systemic antibiotics. After one to two sets of intravitreal injections, intraocular inflammation abated in all patients. After further surgery in four patients, all 16 eyes had clear media and attached retinas. Fifteen eyes attained a visual acuity of 20/400 or better; 12 eyes achieved 20/80 or better. PMID- 3497584 TI - Comparative influences of acoustic and cold stress on gastrointestinal transit in mice. AB - The effects of acoustic and cold stress on gastric emptying and intestinal transit were evaluated in mice treated with saline, diazepam, muscimol, propranolol, and naloxone using a radiolabeled chromium test meal. Acoustic stress (AS) was produced by playing music from a magnetic tape through loudspeakers (less than 86 dB) in a confined box at room temperature; and cold stress (CS) was produced by cold (10 degrees C) exposure. AS and CS sessions lasted 20 min. Both AS and CS were accompanied by a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in gastric emptying during at least 1 h. When measured 30 min after the meal, AS and CS increased gastric emptying from 43% of the test meal to 63 and 73%, respectively. Only CS affected intestinal transit, causing a 12.1% increase of the geometric center when measured 30 min after the test meal. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) muscimol (0.5 mg/kg), or propranolol (1 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally reduced or abolished the effects of AS and CS on both gastric emptying and intestinal transit. In contrast naloxone (0.2 mg/kg im), which increased gastric emptying when injected alone, was unable to affect the AS induced alterations of gastric emptying but partially reduced those of CS. Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (250 ng/kg) also increased by 52.1% the gastric emptying, whereas the geometric center was not affected. It is concluded that both AS and CS accelerate gastric emptying in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497585 TI - Central nervous system action of corticotropin-releasing factor to inhibit gastric emptying in rats. AB - The present study evaluates the central nervous system action of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on gastric emptying of a liquid meal in conscious rats using the phenol red method. Intracisternal injection of CRF (63 210 pmol) dose-dependently inhibited gastric emptying of a liquid meal by 37-80%. Peptide action was rapid in onset, long acting, and not mimicked by intracisternal injection of growth hormone-releasing factor. Intracisternal CRF induced inhibition of gastric emptying was reversed by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy but not by naloxone pretreatment or adrenalectomy. Intravenous injection of CRF (21-630 pmol) also dose-dependently inhibited gastric emptying. CRF antiserum blocked the effect of intravenous but not of intracisternal injection of CRF (63 pmol). These results demonstrated that CRF injected in a picomole amount into the cerebrospinal fluid acts within the brain to inhibit gastric emptying of a liquid meal through vagal-dependent pathways. PMID- 3497587 TI - Effect of stimulation of trigeminal ganglion on regional cerebral blood flow in cats. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow was studied in the cat, with and without trigeminal ganglion stimulation, by the intravenous injection of the tracer [14C]iodoantipyrine and subsequent regional brain dissection. Electrical activation of the trigeminal ganglion led to a selective increase in regional blood flow in the frontal and parietal cortex that was bilateral without change in the posterior cortex, deep cerebral nuclei, white matter, or brain stem. Unilateral intracranial section of the facial nerve blocked the response in the ipsilateral frontal and parietal cortex, whereas bilateral facial nerve section blocked the contralateral frontal cortical response. The contralateral parietal cortical increase in blood flow was not affected by facial nerve section and may thus represent the result of metabolic activation of sensory cortex. PMID- 3497586 TI - Comparison of corticotropin-releasing factor and acetylcholine on catecholamine secretion in dogs. AB - To test whether corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a secretagogue for adrenal secretion of catecholamines, a preparation was developed that permits measurement of adrenal venous output in response to in vivo arterial injection into the dog adrenal gland. Dogs were prepared with catheters in the lumboadrenal vein for monitoring adrenal blood flow and secretion rate of epinephrine and norepinephrine and in the lumboadrenal and inferior phrenic arteries for adrenal injection. Under pentobarbital anesthesia 48 h after surgery, dogs received a series of intra-adrenal injections that included acetylcholine (0.2-200 nmol), CRF (2.0-20.0 nmol), and diluent. There was a log dose-response relationship before epinephrine secretion and norepinephrine secretion to acetylcholine. Adrenal injection of CRF stimulated epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion at the highest dose tested (20 nmol). The response observed was equivalent to the response to 0.2 nmol acetylcholine. A similar dose of CRF given systemically produced hypotension without stimulating catecholamine responses. Adrenal catecholamine responses to acetylcholine were not augmented by addition of CRF. These findings show that arterial injection of CRF into the intact dog adrenal stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. However, the low potency of CRF relative to that of acetylcholine, the lack of a synergistic effect of CRF on catecholamine responses to acetylcholine, and the high dose of CRF required to achieve a response suggest that CRF does not function in the adrenal medulla as a physiologically important secretagogue for catecholamines. PMID- 3497588 TI - Effect of antipyretic drugs on circadian rhythm in body temperature of rats. AB - In many species, including the laboratory rat, body temperature varies on a circadian (24 h) basis. There is considerable evidence that the circadian rise in body temperature is attributable to an elevation in thermoregulatory set point. We hypothesized that this rise in set point may be mediated by prostaglandins. If this hypothesis is correct, then it should be possible to block or reduce the nighttime rise in body temperature by the administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Rats were injected with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, and indomethacin at 5:00 P.M. and at 9:00 A.M. Administration of these drugs had little effect on body temperature during the day but caused a significant fall in body temperature at night when temperature is normally in the rising or plateau phase of the cycle. We conclude that prostaglandin synthesis is an important component of the circadian rise in body temperature in the rat. In addition, evidence is presented that there exists a cryogenic factor that opposes the nighttime prostaglandin mediated rise in body temperature. PMID- 3497589 TI - Trophoblast does not cause the cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation due to the lack of ability to stimulate interleukin-2 production. AB - Trophoblast was demonstrated to be unable to cause the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by allogeneic splenocytes in vitro in two ways: 1) The addition of lymphocyte-trophoblast culture-supernatant (LTC-SN) did not stimulate the proliferation of IL-2 dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL-L cells; 2) When responder cells were cultured with heat-treated splenocytes (usually no CTL generation) an increase of CTL formation could be seen in the presence of mixed lymphocyte culture-supernatant (MLC-SN) but not of SN from the cultures in which trophoblast cells served as stimulators. In parallel, the trophoblast cells were found to be very poor stimulators of alloreactive CTL. The addition of interleukin-2-enriched media resulted in a significant amplification of trophoblast-induced CTL generation. The resulting killing lymphocytes were capable of destroying the only specific targets, did not lyse syngeneic target cells, and could not be generated in the absence of allogeneic trophoblast. The incubation of these lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody in the presence of complement eliminated their killing effect. Lack of class II antigenic determinants on the surface of trophoblast and/or local immunosuppression of IL-2 production by trophoblast cells seem to be responsible for nondelivery of helper factor, which is essential for CTL production. PMID- 3497590 TI - [Changes in immunologic and biochemical indicators in patients with chronic salpingo-oophoritis after electrotherapy]. PMID- 3497591 TI - Beating the blocked balloon. PMID- 3497592 TI - Hemodialysis during cardiopulmonary bypass: report of twelve cases. PMID- 3497593 TI - [Comparative immunoelectrophoretic studies of total water-soluble extracts of Trichomonas vaginalis, T. tenax and T. hominis]. AB - An antigen characterization was carried out by the method of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, and on this basis the antigen community and the antigenic differences between the 3 Trichomonas species parasitic in man were investigated. In the homologous antigen-antibody-systems a maximum number of precipitation curves is formed--21 in T. vaginalis and 20 each in T. tenax and T. hominis. According to our setting of the experiment T. vaginalis has 5 specific antigens in regard to T. tenax and 3 in regard to T. hominis. T. tenax has 2 specific antigens in regard to T. vaginalis and 7 in regard to T. hominis, T. hominis has 2 specific antigens in regard to T. vaginalis and 3 in regard to T. tenax. The presence of antigenic differences is important for the immunological characterization of the 3 species and demonstrates their validity. PMID- 3497594 TI - Occupational exposures and chronic respiratory symptoms. A population-based study. AB - Data from a random sample of 8,515 white adults residing in 6 cities in the eastern and midwestern United States were used to examine the relationships between occupational exposures to dust or to gases and fumes and chronic respiratory symptoms; 31% of the population had a history of occupational dust exposure and 30% reported exposure to gas or fumes. After adjusting for smoking habits, age, gender, and city of residence, subjects with either occupational exposure had significantly elevated prevalences of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, persistent wheeze, and breathlessness. The adjusted relative odds of chronic respiratory symptoms for subjects exposed to dust ranged from 1.32 to 1.60. Subjects with gas or fume exposure had relative odds of symptoms between 1.27 and 1.43 when compared with unexposed subjects. Occupational dust exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as defined by an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.6, when comparing exposed and unexposed participants (OR = 1.53, 95% Cl = 1.17-2.08). Gas or fume exposure was associated with a small, but not significant, increase in COPD prevalence. Significant trends were noted for wheeze and phlegm with increasing duration of dust exposure. Although 36% of exposed subjects reported exposure to both dust and fumes, there was no evidence of a multiplicative interaction between the effects of the individual exposures. Smoking was a significant independent predictor of symptoms, but did not appear to modify the effect of dust or fumes on symptom reporting. These data, obtained in random samples of general populations, demonstrate that chronic respiratory symptoms and disease can be independently associated with occupational exposures. PMID- 3497595 TI - The neuropsychiatric effects of treatment with interleukin-2 and lymphokine activated killer cells. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the neuropsychiatric manifestations of therapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. DESIGN: Longitudinal survey of consecutive patients who were given the treatment. Each patient was initially interviewed within 5 days before treatment, and a personal and family psychiatric history was obtained during this first session. Cognitive tests and mood self rating instruments were administered at the beginning and end of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell treatments, before discharge, and at a follow-up visit 2 to 4 weeks after discharge. SETTING: National Cancer Institute inpatient units at the National Institutes of Health. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Sequential samples of 44 patients with metastatic cancer (age range, 28 to 69 years) who were treated systemically with recombinant interleukin 2 combined with autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells between 30 December 1985 and 31 March 1986. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 44 patients studied, 15 developed severe behavioral changes that necessitated acute intervention, and 22 patients had severe cognitive changes (all 22 became disoriented and many also had psychometric evidence of cognitive deterioration). The neuropsychiatric side effects were dose and time related, appearing more frequently at the higher dose and almost uniformly at the end of each treatment phase. All 39 patients who were seen at follow-up had a return to their baseline cognitive scores. None of the factors investigated was found to be predictive of the development of neuropsychiatric toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The development of clinically significant neuropsychiatric changes during the administration of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells was common and may be treatment limiting. A marked latency in the appearance of neuropsychiatric changes after treatment onset was noted in almost all patients. Every patient studied recovered from the neuropsychiatric side effects. PMID- 3497598 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulopathy in chronic B lymphoid leukemia. 5 years' follow up]. AB - A nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy and B chronic lymphocytic leukemia were simultaneously discovered in a 52 year old patient. Proteinuria was significantly reduced with chlorambucil therapy and nephrotic syndrome disappeared. Treatment withdrawal for 5 months resulted in a significant lowering of serum albumin level, while blood lymphocyte count increased. These observations indicate a probable causal relationship between the lymphoproliferative disease and the onset of the glomerulopathy which is supported by the efficacy of the chemotherapy on the evolution of the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3497596 TI - Nail pigmentation changes associated with azidothymidine (zidovudine). PMID- 3497597 TI - [Acrosclerosis, Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome, myxedema and anti-centromere antibodies. 3 cases of this association]. AB - The authors report three identical cases of the association of acrosclerosis with telangiectasis without calcinosis, Sjogren-Gougerot syndrome, myxoedema with antithyroid antibodies and anti-centromere antibodies. The association of these conditions one with another has already been published, but, to the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report of all of them grouped together in the same patients. With reference to the literature, the authors discuss the problems of individualization of the CRST syndrome and its varieties and the clinical significance of the presence of anti-centromere antibodies. PMID- 3497599 TI - [Severe pneumopathy caused by Pneumocystis carinii in chickenpox in a immunosuppressed adult]. PMID- 3497600 TI - Relationship of plasma level of vitamin C to mortality from ischemic heart disease. AB - The present epidemiological data support and extend previous evidence in men and animals. Thus, a poor plasma status of vitamin C (less than 23 microM = 0.4 mg/dl) and/or of cholesterol-standardized vitamin E (less than 20-21.5 microM = 9 mg/l) occurs in westernized countries with an increased risk of IHD. A poor status in the major essential antioxidants may be a hitherto underrated, at least permissive, risk factor of IHD that could, at least in some European countries, substantially complement the previously established risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 3497601 TI - [Inadvertent intrathecal injection of a high dose of methotrexate. Proposal of a therapeutic plan apropos of a case]. PMID- 3497602 TI - [Embolization treatment of hemorrhages due to intestinal and umbilical varices in portal hypertension]. PMID- 3497603 TI - [Operative risk in coronary bypass. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors]. AB - In order to determine the predictors of operative risk in coronary bypass surgery, we have studied 2112 consecutive patients who underwent isolated coronary bypass surgery between January 1979 and September 1984. The overall operative mortality (OM) was 4.4 percent (3.5 percent during the last 3 years). OM increases significantly with age (from O before the age of 30 to 12.3 percent after 70), the functional class (FC) of angina, the FC of dyspnea (NYHA), the creatinine blood level (23.5 percent if greater than 200 mumol/l), the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and in case of reoperation (16.7 percent), as well as in women (11.6 percent). There is a trend toward higher OM in case of past history of ventricular tachycardia or arterial hypertension, atherosclerotic disease of the lower extremities, left ventricular dysfunction or severe stenosis of the left main coronary artery. OM is not increased in patients with multivessel disease, diabetes or with a past history of myocardial infarction, and is even decreased in obese patients. The variables selected by multivariate analysis were: creatinine blood level, then angina FC, sex, dyspnea FC, age, the absence os obesity, left ventricular dysfunction, the year of surgery and finally reoperation. These results, mainly based on simple clinical variables, should facilitate the therapeutic decisions in borderline indications of coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3497604 TI - Colles' fracture as an indicator of increased risk of hip fracture. An epidemiological study. AB - The relative value of previous Colles' fracture and previous fractures of any other type as an indicator of likelihood of sustaining a subsequent hip fracture was investigated. The frequency of hip fractures was no higher in a group of 242 women and 20 men who had a past history of radius shaft or Colles' fracture than it was in 412 women and 112 men with a history of previous fractures of other types. Only in women, and only up to the age of 62, was the prevalence of previous Colles' fracture higher among hip fracture patients than in the general population. The prevalence of previous fractures of other types among hip fracture patients, however, was higher in women until the age of 70 and in men until the age of 80 than in the general population. PMID- 3497605 TI - Prevalence of mammary carcinoma in patients with gynaecologic cancer. AB - Six hundred and forty-four patients with primary malignant tumours of the female genital tract were subject to a two-stage screening program on admission, with clinical examination in all and mammography in 380. Clinical examination alone revealed 4 cancers, while supplementary mammography screening of 369 patients with normal clinical examination revealed an additional 6 tumours, of which 5 were invasive. The prevalence rate was about three times that found in two mass screening programs in different parts of Sweden. Thus, it could be concluded that there is an increased risk for mammary carcinoma in patients with gynaecologic malignancies. It seems reasonable therefore, to recommend mammography routinely in this group of patients. PMID- 3497606 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestations of hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia. AB - Six out of 34 patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasis (HHT) were found retrospectively. The diagnosis was established clinically, endoscopically, angiographically and/or at surgery. Major bleeding episodes originated from lesions in the stomach and duodenum. A few cases were also encountered with teleangiectasia in the small and large intestine and occasionally in the liver and lung. Repeated treatment with electrocoagulation was effective in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding in two of the patients. It is concluded that HHT should be considered as a potential cause of repeated and unexplained GI bleedings and that this diagnosis also should be kept in mind in patients with recurrent epistaxis. PMID- 3497607 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and osteocalcin in serum of normal subjects. AB - Clinical laboratory tests are increasingly being used to evaluate individuals for osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (AP) [EC 3.1.3.1, orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum)] and osteocalcin are used to assess osteoblastic activity. Although methods for assessing relative amounts of AP isoenzymes continuously appear in the literature, no single method is satisfactory for quantification. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with densitometric scanning combined with two-point heat inactivation was used to obtain quantitative values for AP isoenzymes. Serum bone AP concentrations correlated positively and significantly with serum osteocalcin concentrations obtained by radioimmunoassay for women. Men had significantly higher total alkaline phosphatase and bone AP than women, whereas liver AP concentrations did not differ between the two groups. Bone AP correlated negatively and significantly with age in men, but not women. Osteocalcin concentrations tended to be higher in men, but not significantly. PMID- 3497608 TI - [Assessment of the nutritional status of Algerian women in the reproductive age living in an urban, rural and semi-rural area]. AB - We assessed the nutritional status of 302 menstruating women living in three urban, semi-rural and rural areas of eastern Algeria. The anthropometric data and the biochemical measurements (serum levels of total proteins, albumin, transferrin and prealbumin) have shown the absence of protein malnutrition and the evidence of problems of overweight, whatever the criterion used (body mass index or relative weight). There were no differences according to the residence. Anemia (defined by WHO references) was observed in 28% of urban women, 19% of semi-rural women and in 32% of rural women. Iron deficiency (defined by the association of serum ferritin level of 12 micrograms/l or less and transferrin saturation less than 15%) was observed in 29, 27 and 22% of the cases, respectively. Folate deficiency (defined by concentration of red blood cell folates of less than 100 micrograms/l) was observed in 48, 45 and 22% of cases, respectively. Finally, 81% of anemia were associated with biochemical evidence of iron and/or folate deficiency. PMID- 3497609 TI - Riboflavin status in a Saudi population--a study in Riyadh. AB - Riboflavin is essential for several metabolic processes taking place in the human body. A deficiency of riboflavin has been reported to occur at a high prevalence in several populations, particularly in children and adolescents from low socioeconomic groups. We investigated the riboflavin status in 502 Saudi males and 213 Saudi females using a determination of red-cell glutathione reductase activity in the presence and absence of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The population was grouped according to age and the glutathione reductase activity coefficient (AC) was calculated in each of the groups. An AC value of 1.3 or above was recorded in 38% of the females and 17% of the males. In the female group the lowest percentage was in girls less than 12 years of age, and the highest in the age group 21-30 years, while among males boys of less than 12 years and men over 30 years of age had the highest percentage. In this paper we report and discuss the riboflavin status, as indicated by the glutathione reductase AC, in the Saudi male and female population in the Riyadh area. PMID- 3497610 TI - Isolation and molecular characterization of beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus parainfluenzae from the genital tract. AB - Three Haemophilus parainfluenzae strains isolated from the urogenital tract harbored a beta-lactamase-coding 3.2-megadalton plasmid identical, by restriction endonuclease digestion and hybridization with radioactive and biotin-labeled probes specific for the TEM-1 beta-lactamase and TnA sequences, to the 3.2 megadalton "African-type" plasmid found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 3497611 TI - Effect of negatively charged activating compounds on inactivation of factor XIIa by Cl inhibitor. AB - Human factor XII, upon exposure to negatively charged surfaces such as kaolin, sulfatides, and heparin, is converted to enzymatic forms, factor XIIa and factor XIIf. Cl inhibitor has been quantitatively demonstrated to be the primary plasma inhibitor of both factor XIIa and factor XIIf. Studies were performed to determine whether the presence of artificial, negatively charged surfaces influenced the ability of Cl inhibitor to inhibit factors XIIa and XIIf. Kaolin and sulfatides slowed the rate of inhibition of factor XIIa by Cl inhibitor 4.8- and 2-fold, respectively, whereas they had no effect on the inhibition of factor XIIf by Cl inhibitor. Heparin in a concentration of 65 U/ml decreased the inhibition rate of factor XIIa by Cl inhibitor, but, at the same concentration, had less of an effect on the ability of Cl inhibitor to inhibit factor XIIf. These studies indicate that negatively charged surfaces protect factor XIIa but not factor XIIf from inhibition from Cl inhibitor. Since the difference between factors XIIa and XIIf consists of the presence of a surface binding region in factor XIIa, the basis of this protection must reside in the surface binding residues of factor XII. These in vitro events suggest that surface-bound factor XIIa may hydrolyze its physiologic substrates, factor XI and prekallikrein, in an environment partially protected from inhibition by Cl inhibitor. PMID- 3497612 TI - [The management of malignant ascites with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432: relation between the clinical effect and auto-tumor cell killing activity by OK 432-induced ascites-derived lymphocytes]. AB - Twelve patients with malignant ascites caused by gastro-intestinal cancer were treated by intraperitoneal administration of OK-432. Tumor cells from these patients were separated from ascitic fluid and cultured in vitro before OK-432 therapy. OK-432 was given intraperitoneally one to two times a week at doses ranging from 5 to 20 KE suspended in saline. Mononuclear lymphocytes were collected from the fluid at various intervals throughout the therapy. The effect of ascites-derived lymphocytes on ascites-derived autologous tumor cell growth was studied in vitro using microplate assay. Nine (responders) of 12 patients showed complete disappearance or significant reduction of ascitic fluid. Ascites derived lymphocytes slightly inhibited autologous tumor cell growth only in one case before OK-432 therapy. Lymphocytes collected from ascites after OK-432 injection significantly inhibited auto-tumor cell growth in all of 9 responders. In 3 non-responders, however, auto-tumor cell growth inhibition was found only in one case. Interestingly, lymphocytes from non-responders significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells taken from responders. Conversely, lymphocytes from responders did not inhibit non-responder-derived tumor cell growth. These findings imply that auto-tumor killing by OK-432-induced lymphocytes may depend more on the condition of the tumor cells than on the condition of the lymphocytes, and that the measurement of auto-tumor killing activity by ascites derived lymphocytes may be useful as an indicator in OK-432 therapy. PMID- 3497613 TI - [A case of pericarditis carcinomatosa showing good response following local transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells]. AB - A good therapeutic response following local transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells was obtained in a patient with cardiac tamponade due to breast carcinoma. A 41-year-old female was admitted with complaints of dyspnea and tachycardia. She had undergone left mastectomy at the age of 37 years and had received continuous oral administration of tamoxifen. Chest roentgenogram revealed cardiomegaly (CTR = 65%) and cardiac echogram showed marked retention of pericardial effusion. The cytology of the effusion was class V (adenocarcinoma). Cardiac tamponade proved refractory to combination chemotherapy using adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil, and the effect of paracentesis was only temporary. Autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained through the cubital vein and cultured in vitro with 2 units/ml of human recombinant IL-2, (TGP-3, Takeda Pharm. Co.). After 4 days of cultivation, LAK cells were transferred intrapericardially 3 times. The cumulative infusion dose was 1.2 X 10(8) cells and the amount of combined IL-2 administration was 100 units/each transfer. Twenty-four days after initial infusion of LAK cells, the effusion disappeared. After then, recurrence has not been observed for 287 days. This case is the first trial of LAK therapy against pericarditis carcinomatosa and seems to be a useful way of treating this uncontrollable state without any serious side effects. PMID- 3497614 TI - Effects of hydroxyl groups on nicotine-like activity and on size in solution. PMID- 3497615 TI - Natural history and determinants of conduction defects following coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Ninety-three consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were followed prospectively to ascertain the natural history and determinants of new postoperative conduction defects. Each patient was followed in the postoperative period with serial electrocardiograms and continuous monitoring. In the last 70 patients, a technetium pyrophosphate scan was obtained 48 to 72 hours after operation. Postoperatively, new bundle-branch or fascicular block developed in 42 patients (45%) and third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, in 4 (4%). The occurrence was compared with patient age, preoperative bundle-branch block or fascicular block, number of diseased arteries, number of bypassed arteries, total time of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping time, occurrence of a preoperative or perioperative myocardial infarction, and presence of disease in the left anterior descending or right coronary artery. Only the number of bypassed arteries, the total time of cardiopulmonary bypass, and the aortic cross-clamping time were related to the development of postoperative conduction defects (all, p less than .05). The conduction defect resolved partially or completely by the time of hospital discharge in 54% of patients. In the 4 patients with third-degree AV block, AV block resolved on postoperative day 2 in 1 patient and resolved transiently for up to 5 days or persisted in 3 patients. At two months of follow-up, all 3 patients discharged in third-degree AV block with a permanent pacemaker were no longer in AV block. In conclusion, following CABG, the occurrence of new AV conduction defects is related to the number of vessels bypassed, the cardiopulmonary bypass pump time, and the aortic cross-clamping time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497616 TI - Early myocardial revascularization for postinfarction angina. AB - In 1983 and 1984, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed on 107 consecutive patients for postinfarction angina. In each instance, CABG was done within 30 days of infarction. Sixty-three patients (59%) required intravenous administration of nitroglycerin and/or the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) for relief of angina. Oral medications relieved angina in the remaining 44 patients. Thirty-eight patients underwent CABG 7 days or less after the infarction (Group 1), 25 received it between 8 and 15 days later (Group 2), and 44 had CABG between 16 and 30 days later (Group 3). There were 9 in-hospital deaths: 4 in Group 1, 2 in Group 2, and 3 in Group 3. Thirteen patients needed the IABP for hemodynamic stability as well as relief of angina. Even when the patient was stable hemodynamically, death was more likely to occur among these 13 patients if CABG was conducted within 7 days of infarction. Follow-up was 94% complete at 29.4 months. Eighty-six percent of patients were asymptomatic or in New York Heart Association Functional Class I, and 6% were in Class II. There were 2 late deaths. CABG for angina can be accomplished within 30 days of an acute infarction with good results. The exception to this rule is the patient in whom shock develops after a myocardial infarction and who, despite stabilization, receives CABG within 7 days of the infarction. PMID- 3497617 TI - Determinants of survival 10 to 14 years after coronary bypass: analysis of preoperative variables in 1,448 patients. AB - To determine which preoperative variables were most predictive of long-term survival after coronary bypass surgery, the status of 1,448 consecutive patients was determined 10 to 14 years after operation. All patients were operated on at least 10 years ago and follow-up at 10 years was 93.8% complete. The overall 14 year survival probabilities were: for one-vessel disease, 73.3%; for two-vessel disease, 45.9%; for three-vessel disease, 34.2%; and for left main coronary artery disease, 41.9%. Patients with good left ventricular function had an overall survival rate of 53.3%, and patients with poor ventricular function had a survival rate of 31.9%. Preoperative variables predictive of greater risk of total mortality were: digoxin usage, multivessel disease, poor quality of left ventricular function, age at operation, electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction, previous stroke, diabetes, heart failure, diuretic usage, cigarette smoking, and residual ungrafted coronary artery disease. The major determinants of long-term survival were variables associated with preoperative left ventricular function. Diabetes was the only important metabolic risk factor identified. This study suggests that unfavorable preoperative conventional risk factors should not be considered a contraindication to operation in patients with adequate coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. PMID- 3497618 TI - Nitrous oxide for blood pressure control after coronary artery surgery: a dose response hemodynamic study in postoperative patients. AB - The inhaled anesthetic nitrous oxide is used for sedation in the coronary care unit and has been advocated as an antihypertensive agent in patients after a cardiac operation. To delineate the hemodynamic effects of nitrous oxide after cardiac surgery, we studied 11 patients with a mean age of 63 years who had undergone isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. All patients had major coronary artery disease and normal preoperative hemodynamic function. When patients were in stable condition in the intensive care unit, hemodynamic measurements were made at an inspired oxygen concentration of 40% with progressive doses of nitrous oxide (0, 10, 20, 40, and 60%). Measured and calculated hemodynamic data were compared using analysis of variance. Nitrous oxide caused significant decreases in mean arterial pressure in a dose-related fashion; pressure fell 6 mm Hg at 10% nitrous oxide and 11 mm Hg at 60% nitrous oxide (6 and 13% decreases). These changes were not associated with significant alteration in pulmonary artery pressure or cardiac index. Left ventricular stroke work index decreased significantly with the administration of nitrous oxide. We conclude that, in patients with normal hemodynamic and ventricular function, the administration of nitrous oxide for its sedative and antihypertensive effects is safe in the postoperative period and may be useful, especially in patients who are candidates for early extubation. PMID- 3497619 TI - Early postoperative spasm in left internal mammary artery bypass grafts. AB - Two patients with early postoperative spasm of a left internal mammary artery bypass graft are described. To our knowledge, this entity has not been reported previously. Both patients were characterized by vasomotor collapse secondary to intractable spasm responsive only to local application of vasodilator agents. Although the mechanism of graft spasm is not clear, prophylactic nifedipine therapy in appropriate dose may be of some value. The profound hemodynamic effect of internal mammary artery spasm in the immediate postoperative period may allow no time for anything other than emergency reoperation to assess the nature of the problem and treat it appropriately. PMID- 3497620 TI - Initial application of ventricular assist devices (VAD). PMID- 3497621 TI - Interaction of carbon tetrachloride and progesterone metabolism in liver microsomes from triacetyloleandomycin-treated rats. AB - The production of progesterone metabolites by rat liver microsomes from TAO treated rats was investigated. More than ten metabolites could be identified, including various dihydroxy-progesterones. CCl4 co-incubation modifies the P-450 dependent progesterone metabolite profile in a remarkable fashion without production of CCl4 progesterone adducts. PMID- 3497622 TI - Lectin receptors of amyloid in corneas with lattice dystrophy. AB - We analyzed lectin binding patterns of amyloid glycoconjugates in patients with lattice dystrophy of the cornea. Results of paraffin and frozen sections differed in some instances. With paraffin sections, three lectins--wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), and concanavalin A (Con A)--stained the abnormal deposits. In frozen sections, the abnormal deposits were stained by five lectins--WGA, RCA-I, Con A, peanut agglutinin (PNA), and soybean agglutinin (SBA). In paraffin sections, PNA and SBA did not stain amyloid deposits. In both paraffin and frozen sections, some lectin-positive deposits corresponded to the Congo red-positive material, whereas others were present surrounding and encroaching on the Congo red-reactive material. This study demonstrates that WGA , RCA-I-, Con A-, PNA-, and SBA-positive abnormal deposits are present in corneas with lattice dystrophy. Since lectins bind to specific sugar residues, we conclude that the abnormal deposits consist, at least in part, of glycoconjugates and that these glycoconjugates contain oligosaccharides with N acetylglucosamine/sialic acid, mannose/glucose and terminal beta-galactose residues and chains with terminal beta-galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine disaccharides. PMID- 3497623 TI - Psychological factors affecting outcome of treatment after transcutaneous electrotherapy for persistent tinnitus. AB - We used transcutaneous electrotherapy to treat 27 patients with persistent tinnitus. Each patient was tested with the short form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Index test (MMPI) prior to the commencement of treatment. The "unimproved" group of patients (n = 15) showed higher pretreatment scores for depression (P less than 0.05), psychasthenia (P less than 0.05) and schizophrenia (P less than 0.02). Our findings indicate that patients having significantly pathological scores on at least one of these three scales will fail to benefit from treatment. These findings also show that there appear to be psychological prognostic factors that can be used to evaluate patients receiving transcutaneous electrotherapy for persistent tinnitus. PMID- 3497624 TI - Familial IgA nephropathy: a study of renal disease in an Australian aboriginal family. AB - An Australian Aboriginal family, extending four generations, with a high incidence of renal disease was investigated. Twenty-eight of 114 members screened had hematuria. Of those tested, five had hypertension, four maturity onset diabetes, one a raised serum creatinine concentration, five elevated serum IgA levels and two cortical scarring on intravenous pyelogram. Of the eight members who underwent renal biopsy, five had IgA nephropathy and one had light and electron microscopy evidence of glomerulonephritis, but no IgA was seen on immunofluorescence. One had mild nonspecific changes by light microscopy but no immunofluorescence or electron microscopy was available and the remaining patient had mild changes consistent with hypertension and diabetes. HLA typing, carried out for 27 family members, showed an increased incidence of HLA-B22, B27, B39, and DR1 when compared to Yuendumu Aborigines (B27 and DR1), or Australian Caucasians (B22), or both (B39). This may be due to an association with IgA nephropathy, or a family clustering of antigens. Overall, this study suggests a genetic mechanism in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy in some patients and, as there was evidence of renal disease in 25% of those tested, may indicate an underlying high incidence of renal disease in the Aboriginal community. PMID- 3497625 TI - L'oesoclip: portal hypertension revisited. PMID- 3497626 TI - Two cases of eosinophilic enteritis presenting as large bowel perforation and small bowel haemorrhage. AB - Two cases of eosinophilic enteritis are reported, presenting as large bowel perforation and upper gastrointestinal bleeding respectively. These modes of presentation appear to be unique in the literature. PMID- 3497627 TI - SZ phenotype alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency with paucity of the interlobular bile ducts. AB - A child is reported whose alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype is SZ and who has chronic cholestatic liver disease that began in the neonatal period. Liver biopsy demonstrated paucity of the interlobular bile ducts, marked hepatocellular deposition in periportal areas of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules, and bridging portal fibrosis. The association of paucity of the interlobular bile ducts with SZ phenotype alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency has not been reported previously. PMID- 3497629 TI - Low vertical uterine incision in caesarean section. AB - Eleven of the 3,420 Caesarean sections performed in Westmead Hospital, Sydney during a 6-year period from 1979 to 1985 were by a low vertical uterine incision. All the others were the standard transverse lower segment operation except for 1 which was a postmortem classical Caesarean section. There are indications when the preferred lower segment Caesarean section with a transverse incision should be avoided in the interest of the mother and baby. A low vertical incision has more advantages and less dangers than a classical fundal incision. It is prudent to defer the decision regarding the type of incision until the uterus is inspected intraoperatively. If access to the lower uterine segment is limited by prematurity, an obstructing lesion, a transverse lie, or if the presenting part is high and difficulty in delivering the baby is anticipated, a low vertical incision should be considered. PMID- 3497628 TI - Co-existence of enchondromatosis exostosis and hemangiomata. PMID- 3497630 TI - Sex and age differences in depression: a quantitative synthesis of published research. AB - It is commonly believed that depression is more common in females than in males. A quantitative synthesis of published research showed, however, that the sex difference is age specific. There is little sex difference in either childhood or advanced old age, but a notable sex difference in middle life. This sex difference appears because rates for females rise sharply from childhood to adulthood and then decline somewhat in old age. By contrast, rates for males show a small rise in early adulthood but are otherwise fairly stable throughout life. The age-specific nature of these sex differences may be explainable in terms of differences in social roles at various ages. PMID- 3497631 TI - Changing trends in first admissions and readmissions for mania and schizophrenia in New Zealand, 1974 to 1984. AB - From 1974 to 1984 in New Zealand there was a significant decline in first psychiatric admissions for the functional psychoses. This decline is due to decreasing first admission rates for schizophrenia and depressive psychoses, despite an increasing first admission rate for mania. Although a small part of the declining first admission rate for schizophrenia may be due to the increasing diagnosis of mania, this is insufficient to explain all the decline and suggests an actual decline in the incidence of schizophrenia. Over this same period readmissions for functional psychoses increased, with the most marked increase being in manic readmissions. Although a variety of factors influence readmission rates, the marked rise in manic readmissions suggests broadening diagnostic criteria for mania. PMID- 3497632 TI - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by human calcitonin gene-related peptide with picomolar potency in guinea-pig parietal cell preparations. AB - The effect of CGRP on [14C]-aminopyrine accumulation in isolated parietal cell preparations from guinea-pig fundic mucosa was studied. Parietal cells consisted of 60% of the preparations. [14C]-Aminopyrine accumulation was used as an index of physiological response of parietal cells to secretagogues. CGRP dose dependently (10(-12)-10(-9) M) inhibited parietal cell aminopyrine accumulation stimulated by histamine (10(-4) M), carbachol (10(-4) M), and pentagastrin (5 X 10(-6) M). The concentration of CGRP exerting half-maximal inhibition of [14C] aminopyrine accumulation was 8.7 X 10(-11) M for histamine, 9.1 X 10(-11) M for carbachol, and 4.7 X 10(-11) M for pentagastrin. The inhibitory effect was much more potent than cimetidine, pirenzepine or benzotript. CGRP but not cimetidine inhibited DBcAMP stimulated aminopyrine accumulation (IC50 = 7.5 X 10(-11) M). These results suggest that CGRP may exert its inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion by a direct action on the parietal cell or the somatostatin-producing D cell. PMID- 3497633 TI - Characterization of picomolar affinity binding sites for [125I]-human calcitonin gene-related peptide in rat brain and heart. AB - We have characterized picomolar affinity binding sites for human calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in rat brain and heart (atria and ventricle) membranes. By saturation analysis, apparent dissociation constant (KD) values of high affinity sites for [125I]-human CGRP are 9 approximately 15 pM (brain), 34 pM (ventricle) and 85 pM (atria). Low affinity sites with KD values of about 50 nM are found in rat brain and ventricle, but not in atria. Human and rat CGRP potently inhibited [125I]-human CGRP binding to these high affinity sites with apparent inhibition constant (Ki) values comparable to their KD values. Salmon calcitonin marginally inhibited these binding with Ki values between 0.1 microM and 1 microM. Extremely potent cardiovascular and gastrointestinal actions of CGRP might be mediated through CGRP binding sites with picomolar affinity which are similar to those we characterized in this study. PMID- 3497634 TI - Epidermal growth factor partially reverses the inhibitory effects of antiestrogens on T 47D human breast cancer cell growth. AB - When T 47D human breast cancer cells were treated with 10 nM of the potent antiestrogen, 4-hydroxyclomiphene, growth rate was reduced to about 50% of control. Simultaneous treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 4 hydroxyclomiphene led to a partial reversal of the growth inhibitory effect of the antiestrogen. The effect of EGF was concentration-dependent being half maximal at 0.10 ng/ml (0.02 nM) and maximal at concentrations greater than 0.5 ng/ml (greater than 0.08 nM). Furthermore, EGF partially reversed the growth inhibitory effects of several other antiestrogens including tamoxifen, 4 hydroxytamoxifen, and LY 117018. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that part of the growth inhibitory effects of antiestrogens on breast cancer cell proliferation are mediated by inhibition of autocrine secretion of growth stimulatory peptides acting through the EGF receptor. PMID- 3497635 TI - The effect of epidermal growth factor on chronotropic response in cardiac cells in culture. AB - Cardiac chronotropic response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was assessed in chick embryonic ventricular cell aggregates. EGF at a concentration of 10 ug/mL but not at 5 ug/mL produced a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in cardiac beating rate. This was evident within 10 min, reached a peak at about 15 min and remained at that level for 1.5 hr or the rest of the observation period. The effect of EGF on cardiac automaticity was reduced but not abolished at a lower temperature (22oC) that is known to decrease the affinity of the EGF receptor and reduce the internalization of EGF. Hypothermia did not change the maximum increase in heart rate response from isoproterenol although it altered the pattern of the response. Beta adrenoreceptor blockade with metoprolol only slightly altered the response to EGF. These data indicate that EGF produces functional effects on the heart that may be mediated through EGF receptor linked mechanisms. PMID- 3497637 TI - The analgesic and antiinflammatory activity and pharmacologic properties of bromfenac. AB - Bromfenac sodium (2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl)benzeneacetic acid sodium salt sesquihydrate, AHR-10282B) is a potent long-acting, peripheral, analgesic compound possessing antiinflammatory, antipyretic, and prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting properties. In the acetylcholine abdominal constriction assay in mice, bromfenac (bromfenac sodium) by the oral route at pretreatment times of 10, 20 and 300 min was respectively 3.7, 6.5 and 2.9 times more potent than zomepirac and 3.4, 6.6., and 44.2 times more potent than suprofen. In dogs bromfenac when given orally was 5.8 times more potent than zomepirac in blocking the nociceptive response to bradykinin. Naloxone did not alter the analgesic properties of bromfenac in mice; and after repeated administration, tolerance to analgesia did not develop. Bromfenac, given orally, was more potent than indometacin in suppressing acute (7.5-20 times) and chronic (3.8 times) inflammation. The gastric and intestinal toxicity potencies of bromfenac, given orally, were comparable with and 1.8 times more potent than indometacin, respectively. Bromfenac was 6.1 to 32.8 times more potent than indometacin in inhibiting the formation of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha from microsomes of bovine seminal vesicles, rabbit uteri, and rabbit renal medullae; but it did not block the direct action of prostaglandin E1 (abdominal constriction) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (contraction of the uterus). Bromfenac produced no unwanted central nervous system, cardiovascular, or autonomic effects. PMID- 3497636 TI - Cellular progesterone receptor phosphorylation in response to ligands activating protein kinases. AB - Progesterone receptors were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies KD68 from lysates of human breast carcinoma T47D cells labelled to steady state specific activity with 32Pi. The 120 kDa 32P-labelled progesterone receptor band was resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by autoradiography. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed serine phosphorylation, but no threonine or tyrosine phosphorylation. Treatment of the 32Pi-labelled cells with EGF, TPA or dibutyryl cAMP had no significant quantitative effect on progesterone receptor phosphorylation, though the EGF receptor and the cAMP dependent protein kinases have been reported to catalyze phosphorylation of purified avian progesterone receptor preparations in cell free systems. Progesterone receptor phosphorylation on serine residues was increased by 2-fold in cells treated with 10 nM progesterone; EGF had no effect on progesterone mediated progesterone receptor phosphorylation. PMID- 3497639 TI - Activation pathways for human T-lymphocytes defined by monoclonal antibodies against T-cell surface structures. PMID- 3497638 TI - Thymostimulin in the antiinfectious treatment in patients with burns. AB - The most frequent cause of death in patients with severe burns is septicemia. Septicemia correlates with a decreased cellular immune defence in the patient. In the case of our patients with severe burns particularly a T-lymphocyte deficiency could be detected. This cellular immune deficiency induced by the thermic trauma was treated with thymostimulin (TP-1 Serono), an immunomodulating polypeptide preparation, which mainly influences T-lymphocytes. In this connection the efficacy of thymostimulin should be tested with respect to the incidence and course of the septicemia in patients with burns. 90 patients with burns of second and third degree and a risk of mortality of more than 20% according to Lynch have been included in the study. The efficacy of thymostimulin was proved by means of immunological tests and in the assessment of the posttraumatic clinical course. In the patient group treated with thymostimulin we were able to observe a significantly higher power of resistance to infections. This not only resulted in a decreased absolute mortality but also in a decreased mortality due to septicemia. The incidence of sepsis, however, could not be significantly influenced by the treatment. The E-rosette positive cells (= T-lymphocytes) as well as the T gamma-cells which are also responsible for the suppressor cell activity, could be normalized by the treatment, whereas the alterations of the TIa (turbidimetric immunoassay) positive cells were less evident. PMID- 3497640 TI - [The effect of benzydamine on prostaglandin synthesis in macrophages]. AB - The influence of benzydamine (Tantum) on the prostaglandin metabolism of rat peritoneal macrophages was studied. Contrary to conventional non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, e.g. piroxicam and acetylsalicylic acid, benzydamine did not inhibit PGE1/2 synthesis, but was rather stimulatory at 10(-4) mol/l. The increase of PGE1/2 synthesis might be explained by the inhibition of the lysophosphatide acyltransferase. This enzyme together with the arachidonic acid liberating phospholipase A2 regulates the concentration of arachidonic acid by the reincorporation into membrane phospholipids. Enhanced arachidonic acid may be metabolized via the cyclooxygenase to prostanoids. PMID- 3497641 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte proliferation by murine liver extract. AB - Murine liver extract (LEx) purified by ammonium sulfate (45-70% saturation) possesses a strong inhibitory effect on human lymphocyte proliferation. We have shown that the inhibitory effect of LEx is not via a cytotoxic effect and that it is proportional to the length of incubation with LEx. Mitogen-prestimulated lymphocytes are more resistant to LEx inhibition than cells not prestimulated. B cells stimulated by PWM are more susceptible to LEx-induced inhibition than PHA- or Con A-stimulated T cells. In Con A cultures, there may be a population of cells more resistant to LEx inhibition. This population is not yet identified. The degree of reversibility of LEx inhibition was different in cells prestimulated by different mitogens. The inhibitory activity of LEx decreased in the presence of an increasing number of cells in the culture. PMID- 3497642 TI - N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, the receptor determinant for influenza C virus, is a differentiation marker on chicken erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes from chicken of different age were analysed for their agglutinability by influenza C virus, which has been shown recently to use N acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid as a high-affinity receptor determinant for the attachment to cells. Only with birds not younger than six days complete agglutination of the erythrocytes was observed. The hemagglutination titer which was initially low reached its maximum value at the age of about 20 days. Sialic acid was isolated from erythrocytes, purified and analysed by colorimetry, thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sialic acid content of erythrocytes from one-day old and adult chicken was 21 micrograms and 18 micrograms sialic acid/ml packed erythrocytes, respectively. While N-acetylneuraminic acid was the major type of sialic acid on erythrocytes from both one-day old and adult chicken, N acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid was only detected on red blood cells from adult animals accounting for 30-40% of total sialic acid. These results indicate that N acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, in addition to serving as a receptor determinant for influenza C virus, represents a developmental marker on chicken erythrocytes. PMID- 3497643 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of eight thymulin analogues. AB - Eight analogues of thymulin, a thymic nonapeptide involved in several aspects of T-cell differentiation, were synthesized by the conventional method in solution. Four were modified in residue 7 (Ala, D-Ala, D-Leu or Sar instead of Gly) and two in residue 8 (D-Ser or Thr instead of Ser); in the others, the Gly6-Gly7 sequence was replaced either by a single glycyl residue or by a triglycyl sequence. The biological activity of the analogues was determined in the rosette assay: five exhibited a prolonged activity in vivo with respect to thymulin. All the analogues inhibited the binding of tritiated thymulin to thymulin receptors on three human lymphoblastoid T-cell lines (HSB2, 1301 and CEM) with the same order of magnitude as non-labelled thymulin. PMID- 3497644 TI - Prediction of the secondary structures of stefins and cystatins, the low molecular mass protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. AB - A procedure for classifying proteins of known sequence into structurally similar groups was developed on the basis of the Argos parametric approach. It is shown that stefins and cystatins constitute two structurally well resolved, but homologous groups of proteins. Furthermore, it is very probable that segments of secondary structures within each family are conserved, although significant differences between stefins and cystatins are indicated at the level of secondary structure. Next, secondary structures of all sequenced stefins and cystatins were predicted and used in the construction of secondary structures of the "typical stefin" and the "typical cystatin". Results were interpreted in the light of evolution and inhibition mechanism: Alignment of the "typical stefin" versus the "typical cystatin" secondary structure segments suggests that the divergence of stefin and cystatin families did not occur by a gene fusion event, but only by a mechanism of substitution, insertion and/or deletion. The central region of low molecular mass cystatins, which is assumed to interact with cysteine proteinases, is predicted to be in a beta-sheet conformation. This resembles the beta-sheet in the active site of "standard mechanism" serine proteinases inhibitors. PMID- 3497645 TI - Biocompatibility of different hemodialysis and plasmapheresis membranes. AB - The biocompatibility of different membranes was assessed by measuring changes in different white blood cell counts, PGE2 concentrations, thromboplastin activity, production of anaphylatoxins and clinical parameters during treatment. The in vivo recorded complement activation was compared with in vitro experiments. Hemodialysis (HD) treatment was performed with 5 different membranes. Plasmapheresis was run with cellulose diacetate membranes in single (SMF) and double (DMF) membrane filtration and with a new polycarbonate membrane in SMF. The polysulfone membrane was found to be the most, and the cuprophane membrane the least biocompatible membrane in HD. However, large individual differences from one HD patient to the other were found. In contrast to the cellulose diacetate membrane, the polycarbonate membrane apparently activated no complement along the blood-membrane interface during plasmapheresis, but activated large amounts within the membrane matrix. High blood concentrations of C5a were promptly cleared in the body, while high concentrations of C3a seemed to block the removal of this substance from the blood compartment. Even when the patients had high blood concentrations of anaphylatoxins throughout the plasmapheresis treatments using cellulose diacetate membranes and when a significant activation of PGE2 was found in patient plasma, no activation of thromboplastin was recorded on the surface circulating monocytes. PMID- 3497646 TI - Assessment of complement activation during extracorporeal circulation by measurement of complement split C3d. AB - The present report summarizes our previous experience with the effect of various dialyzer membranes on leukocyte count, plasma C3d and C5a/C5ades-Arg, and total hemolytic complement. A relationship between the formation of C5a/C5ades-Arg within the dialyzer and hemodialysis leukopenia was demonstrated by comparing different membranes. Arterial plasma C3d was found to be a useful cumulative marker of complement activation during hemodialysis. C3d was shown to be generated in the artificial kidney with kinetics resembling the formation of C5a/C5ades-Arg. Total hemolytic complement transitorily decreased with all membranes, but did not reflect dialyzer biocompatibility. It is suggested that determination of complement-split C3d outdates previous more elaborate estimates of complement activation during hemodialysis. PMID- 3497647 TI - Cardiopulmonary bypass: studies on its damaging effects. AB - Despite the widespread safe application of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for cardiac surgery, it is inherently a pathologic state. CPB produces a generalized inflammatory reaction involving at least the complement, coagulation, kallikrein, and fibrinolytic cascades. Marked alterations in organ perfusion and metabolism occur during CPB which are further affected by the perfusion flow rate. During hypothermic CPB at 20 degrees C, there is a progressive decrease in perfusion of the microcirculation at flow rates less than 1.2 liters/min/m2. Experimental studies suggest that brain oxygen consumption and resistance remain relatively constant as flow rates are reduced during hypothermia, and the brain becomes the passive recipient of proportionally more blood flow. Recent ultrafiltration studies have demonstrated a specific increase in microvascular permeability to proteins after 2 h of normothermic CPB. This provides experimental support to the well-known clinical observation of increased interstitial fluid following CPB. The development of uniformly safe CPB depends upon prevention of the abnormalities of the microcirculation and upon neutralization of the deleterious effects of inflammatory mediators. PMID- 3497648 TI - Ex vivo and in vivo protein A perfusion: background, basic investigations, and first clinical experiences. AB - During the past several years clinical protein A perfusion has attracted much attention because it allows to selectively remove IgG subclasses 1, 2, 4 and probably IgG-containing immune complexes, and has a tumoricidal effect in experimental animals and in some cancer patients. Due to several drawbacks, this therapy is not yet generally accepted. Our first experience with laboratory and clinical protein A perfusions confirms several limitations of this new apheresis therapy. Plasma IgG extraction in the ex vivo system under investigation and during clinical application of protein A perfusion reached a 10:1 ratio of grams IgG removed per gram solid-phase protein A only in 2 of 5 runs. Nevertheless, the absolute amount of IgG removed was very low in all runs due to the restricted protein A load (maximum 200 mg) per column. Removal capacity can be increased by a two-column switch-over system with subsequent perfusion and elution. Furthermore, the side effects observed in both in vivo treatments exceeded by far those of other extracorporeal therapies and had not been observed in more than 1,200 unselective plasma exchanges or in 50 cascade filtrations in our center. C3a generation in protein A perfusion is, however, comparable to cascade filtration, but exceeds that of unselective plasma exchange and is lower than in hemodialysis. Consequently, side effects in protein A perfusion cannot be correlated with the total amount of anaphylatoxin generated but may be due to a leakage of protein A or contaminants. Clinical application of protein A perfusion needs a more detailed elaboration in respect to biocompatibility, removal capacity, and the significance of the induced biological effects. PMID- 3497650 TI - [Serum levels of IgE in liver cirrhosis]. AB - In a study of 18 subjects with liver cirrhosis, mainly of alcoholic origin, the Authors found an average increase in the serum levels of IgE, IgG, IgA, and IgM, with respect to control subjects (p less than 0.001). Nonetheless, no correlation was found in either of the cirrhotic or control groups, between serum levels of IgE and other immunoglobulins. Also, in 11 of the 18 patients with cirrhosis, a linear and direct correlation between the amount of decreased phagocytic activity in the liver (studied by hepatic scanning, using Technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid), and the increase in serum levels of IgG (p less than 0.001) and of IgA (p less than 0.05), but not of IgE, was observed. In respect to the controls, patients with cirrhosis also showed a significant decrease in circulating T lymphocytes OKT8+ (p less than 0.05), and a significant increase in the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio (p less than 0.01), but no significant modification of the eosinophils and circulating T-lymphocytes OKT3+ and OKT4+. A significant correlation was present in the patients with cirrhosis, but not in the controls, between the serum levels of IgE and circulating eosinophils (p less than 0.05), and between the levels of IgM and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio (p less than 0.05). In the healthy control subjects, a linear, inverse correlation was present between serum IgE and circulating OKT8+ (p less than 0.05) and a direct, linear correlation was found between IgE and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio (p less than 0.05); both, on the other hand, were absent in the patients with cirrhosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497649 TI - Surface glycoproteins of influenza virus increase cell-mediated immunity functions in mice. AB - T-lymphocyte blastogenic response to Concanavalin A, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and NK cell activity were studied in three groups of Balb/c mice infected with intranasal inoculum of A/Chile/1/83 (H1N1) influenza virus, vaccinated with same virus glycoproteins and infected fifteen day after vaccination. Virus infection results in T-cell function impairment. In fact T cell blastogenic response and IL-2 production are profoundly decreased as early as 24 hours, whereas NK cell activity is depressed only later. Instead viral glycoprotein vaccination induces an enhancement of CMI related parameters and protects the host from virus immunosuppressive effects. PMID- 3497651 TI - [Determination of peripheral T-lymphocytes and the essential phases of the ovarian cycle]. PMID- 3497652 TI - T-cell subsets and natural killer cell function with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Twenty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were studied to assess potential abnormalities in total T lymphocytes, T4/T8 ratios, and natural killer cell function. Total T-cell counts were reduced for the entire group with the greatest reduction occurring in individuals with hypopharyngeal tumors and/or stage IV disease. Helper to suppressor ratios were within the norm for the total group, but specific site variances were detected in patients with oral cavity and hypopharyngeal primary carcinomas. Similarly altered T4/T8 ratios were noted with stage III disease. Substantive differences in natural killer cell activity were not observed. These data suggest that perturbations in T-lymphocyte subsets can be associated with decreased survival. PMID- 3497653 TI - Spasmodic dysphonia subsequent to head trauma. AB - Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a low-incidence voice disorder of unknown origin. A subgroup of seven patients with SD from our larger pool of 70 report vocal symptoms subsequent to head injury. This article is a case report of the neurodiagnostic findings, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, auditory brain-stem response, brain electrical activity mapping, and single photon emission computed tomography for three such patients. For each patient, two or more tests revealed positive neurologic findings. Each test, except computed tomography, demonstrated abnormalities in one or more patients. Two principles of clinical management are derived: (1) information regarding head trauma sustained before SD symptom onset is significant; (2) the absence of neuropathology on a single measure of central nervous system function should not be considered conclusive evidence that no neurologic lesions exist. PMID- 3497655 TI - Cytotoxic factors secreted by cells infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I. AB - Conditioned media from human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infected cells were tested for cytotoxic cell-derived factors. The assay used a murine fibroblast cell line which is sensitive to the effects of tumor necrosis factors, but nonpermissive for HIV-1 replication. Cytotoxic activity was detected in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with HIV-1. However, no differences in activity were found in conditioned media from infected lymphoid or monocytoid cell lines compared to their uninfected counterparts. These data suggest that cytotoxic activities of this type are not mediators of cell killing resulting from HIV-1 infection. Thus, this cytotoxic activity is a direct or indirect result of virus replication or cytopathicity. One should consider a role for this cytotoxic factor, secreted by HIV-1 infected mononuclear cells, in various aspects of infection in vivo, such as AIDS encephalopathy or the systemic manifestations accompanying ARC. PMID- 3497654 TI - Transmission of HIV by antigen presenting cells during T-cell activation: prevention by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. AB - Tetanus toxoid (TT) reactive CD4+ cells were infected with HTLV-IIIB and exposed to TT at various times throughout a 7-day interval. Acute infection per se failed to produce overt cytopathology. However, exposure of infected cells to TT resulted in a rapid loss of cell viability, an increase in viral p24 expression, and a decline in T-cell blastogenesis. To determine whether HIV infection of antigen presenting cells (APC) could impact on T-cell activation, virus infected APC were utilized to present TT to responsive CD4+ cells. Use of infected APC produced effects similar to antigen stimulation of infected T-cells. These results suggest that the conditions of antigen presentation during T-cell activation may provide an excellent opportunity for virus transmission which may produce maximal immune dysfunction. However, preincubating antigen specific T cells with the virostatic agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) could prevent most of these effects. PMID- 3497656 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow in the acute stage with ischemic cerebrovascular disease studied by xenon-133 inhalation and single photon emission computerized tomography]. AB - The papers about cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with cerebrovascular diseases have been already reported by positron emission computerized tomography (PET), single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), Xray CT (CT) using cold Xe, and so on. However the literature about the CBF changes in acute stage is few. We studied CBF in 68 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease within 48 hours after the onsets from February 1984 through February 1985. CBF was measured by a rapidly rotating single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) using non-invasive Xenon-133 inhalation method. Our subjects included 51 cases with cerebral infarction (male 37, female 14, average 62.9 years) and 17 cases with TIA (male 13, female 4, average 60.5 years), the patients who had a past history of stroke were excluded from the subjects. The SPECT was performed with use of Tomomatic 64 developed by Dr. Lassen, et al, SPECT and carotid arteriography were simultaneously performed within 48 hours in all cases. CT we used were GE CT 9800 scanner and Hitachi HF CT. The following results have been obtained: 1) SPECT clearly showed an ischemic focus correlated with clinical symptom after the attack rather than CT, the positive finding by SPECT was 92.2% and that by CT was 62.7% within 48 hours after the onset. 2) The remote effect phenomenon so-called crossed cerebellar diaschisis was demonstrated in 7 of 14 cases (50%) with cerebral infarction due to internal carotid artery occlusion and in 9 of 26 cases (34.6%) with that due to middle cerebral artery occlusion. 3) SPECT and CT were performed within 8 hours after the onset in 20 cases with cerebral infarction. SPECT showed decreased CBF in all cases whereas the positive finding by CT was 40.0%. The area of decreased CBF was always larger than the low density area that CT demonstrated. Mean CBF value of the cerebral hemisphere in the cases with ICA occlusion within 8 hours after the onsets was 31.0 (ml/100 g/min), and that of MCA occlusion was 36.0 (ml/100 g/min), and that of MCA occlusion was 36.0 (ml/100 g/min). 4) The positive finding by SPECT on TIA cases was 47% and that by CT was 41.1%, SPECT usually did not demonstrate a small ischemic focus especially at the deep region (ie, basal ganglia region). 5) SPECT using Xe-123 inhalation was useful and non-invasive method for the diagnosis in acute stage with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3497657 TI - [Monitoring of antidromic facial nerve action potentials in cerebello-pontine angle tumor operations]. AB - A method of recording the antidromic facial nerve compound potential (AFNAP) is presented. When the facial nerve is stimulated, a compound action potential is propagated in both directions from the stimulating site. We recorded AFNAP's in 6 cases of cerebello-pontine angle (CP angle) tumors (5 acoustic neuromas and one epidermoid) using a bipolar silver ball-type electrode directly put on the facial nerve in CP angle by stimulation of the peripheral facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen. It was necessary to use needle electrodes instead of surface ones for stimulation to keep the artefacts from stimulating currents within reasonable bounds. Good contact of the electrode tips with facial nerve was required to get clear action potential. By stimulation with needle electrodes AFNAP's were recorded without averaging and had a good reproducibility. AFNAP's were typical triphasic potentials and the major negative peak latencies were observed from 1.5 to 3.4 msec except one case of recurrent epidermoid whose major negative peak latency was 7.6 msec. It was verified that these potentials were the results of facial activity, because they were recorded exclusively on the facial nerve, they could not be recorded at the proximal end of the sectioned facial nerve, and alterations of latency were observed with changing the position of recording electrode along the facial nerve. A calculated conduction velocity was about 50 m/sec. It was thought that recording AFNAP facilitated the identification of the facial nerve on the surface of the CP angle tumor, because the amplitude of AFNAP decreased immediately when the recording electrodes were off from the facial nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497658 TI - Oxicams: relative safety and anti-injury effects in rats. AB - 1 Oxicams have certain distinctive properties, which distinguish them from other arylalkanoic (carboxylic) acids that show anti-inflammatory/analgesic/antipyretic activities. These include: (i) slow rates of metabolism (ii) lesser gastro irritancy/ulcerogenicity (iii) preventing fever development (iv) some effect on the adaptive responses of the liver to severe inflammation or trauma that compromise normal hormone/xenobiotic metabolism (detoxification). 2 Isoxicam was notably less gastrotoxic than either piroxicam or tenoxicam, when given either orally or parenterally, at equipotent doses in rats. PMID- 3497659 TI - Experience with isoxicam and catabolin. AB - 1 Synovial cells produce a protein factor, catabolin, that induces chondrocytes to resorb their own matrix with the release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG). 2 Studies were performed to determine the effect of isoxicam, a new NSAID, on GAG production in a catabolin system utilizing tissue culture of bovine nasal septum in a medium containing pooled synovial tissue from young pigs. 3 Using fresh medium containing no synovial tissue, the release of GAG by inherent cartilage breakdown was 49.7% after 8 days culture. GAG release at 8 days increased to 83.6% by the addition of synovial cells to the culture medium, due to the action of catabolin. 4 The incorporation of isoxicam, at concentrations from 5-30 micrograms ml-1, in the porcine synovial culture medium significantly reduced the GAG release to 70.9%. 5 Isoxicam at 50 micrograms ml-1 added to fresh medium without synovial tissue had no effect on cartilage breakdown or GAG production. 6 The results of these experiments show that isoxicam is unlikely to impair cartilage metabolism and may even decrease cartilage resorption. PMID- 3497660 TI - The effects of co-dergocrine on cyclosporin A pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. PMID- 3497661 TI - The actions of calcitonin gene related peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide as vasodilators in man in vivo and in vitro. AB - 1 The two peptides calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) produced marked dilatation of the forearm vascular bed when infused via the brachial artery. 2 CGRP relaxed preconstricted segments of human radial, coronary, gastric and cerebral arteries in an endothelium dependent manner. 3 VIP relaxed human gastric and transverse cervical arteries in an endothelium dependent manner, but relaxation of the human pulmonary artery was not dependent on endothelium. 4 The characteristics of the endothelium dependent relaxation of these medium-sized muscular arteries indicated involvement of the endothelium derived relaxing factor in vitro. 5 Caution is expressed in drawing comparisons between the mechanisms involved in the in vivo and in vitro vascular responses. PMID- 3497662 TI - Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on blast progenitors from acute myeloblastic leukaemia patients. PMID- 3497663 TI - Distribution of natural killer cells and lymphocyte subclasses in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and in cutaneous lesions of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied the cell infiltrates in biopsies from lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS), with six monoclonal T cell antigen-specific antibodies and compared the reactivity pattern with those in biopsies from discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus skin lesions and allergic contact skin reactions. A newly described antibody (NK9) recognizing natural killer (NK) cells and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes was included, and the numbers and activity of circulating NK cells was determined. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the numbers of NK9 positive cells were highest in LIS. The distribution of T lymphocytes (OKTII + ve), helper T cells (OKT4 + ve), suppressor T cells (OKT8 + ve), Langerhans cells (OKT6 + ve) and activated T cells (anti-Tac + ve) in LIS differed from those in DLE,SLE and allergic contact reactions. However, the number of circulating NK cells (large granular lymphocytes) and the NK activity in peripheral blood were normal in LIS. We conclude that in LIS a distinct type of T cell activation occurs; the cause of this remains to be determined. PMID- 3497664 TI - Assessment of bone marrow blood flow using positron emission tomography: no relationship with bone marrow cellularity. AB - Bone marrow blood flow has been assessed using positron emission tomography and the 15O-labelled carbon dioxide steady-state technique. The measurements were performed at the site of the posterior iliac crest. The bone marrow blood flow was 10.0 ml/min/100 cm3 +/- 3.0 (SD) in normal volunteers. It was markedly increased in patients with polycythaemia vera (26.9 +/- 4.6), chronic granulocytic leukaemia (25.2 +/- 3.9) and myelofibrosis (35.1 +/- 7.3). However, bone marrow blood flow did not differ from normal in patients with aplastic anaemia, chronic haemolysis or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. There was no relationship between bone marrow cellularity and bone marrow blood flow. The data show that bone marrow blood flow is markedly elevated in polycythaemia vera, myelofibrosis and chronic granulocytic leukaemia and suggest that bone marrow cellularity is not a major factor in regulating bone marrow blood flow. PMID- 3497665 TI - Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia with T lymphoblastic and megakaryoblastic mixed crisis. AB - A case of blast crisis in chronic myelogeneous leukaemia (CML) in which two distinct cell lineages were involved is presented. The phenotype of blasts in lymph nodes was T11 (CD2)+, Ia+, TdT+, suggesting T cell lineage. On the other hand, blasts in bone marrow and peripheral blood expressed platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex on their surface, suggesting megakaryocyte lineage. Cytogenetic analysis of lymph node and bone marrow cells revealed the abnormalities, inv(7) (p15q34) and t(1;3) (q23;q21), respectively, as well as the presence of the Ph1 chromosome in both cell types. Rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta-chain gene was detected in lymph node blasts, although blast cells in peripheral blood showed a germ line configuration. The involvement of T cell and megakaryocyte lineages in the blast crisis phase of CML was confirmed in our phenotypic and genotypic analysis, and the pathogenic association between blast crisis lineages and the additional chromosome abnormalities present is discussed. PMID- 3497666 TI - Type IIB von Willebrand's disease with probable autosomal recessive inheritance and presenting as thrombocytopenia in infancy. AB - von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is a congenital bleeding disorder that exists in two main forms. In the classic form, type I, the concentration of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) in plasma is decreased. In type II vWD, the vWF is structurally altered. Type II can be further divided into at least six subtypes (A, B, C, D, E and F). In type IIB the vWF, in contrast to other variants of vWD, shows an increased affinity for platelets. IIB vWD is generally believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. We describe two families with three affected children in whom an autosomal recessive inheritance is more likely. Thrombocytopenia, constant or variable, was present from early infancy in all three cases. Type IIB vWD should thus be included in the differential diagnosis of congenital thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3497667 TI - An objective assessment of physiotherapy for female genuine stress incontinence. AB - Sixty women with genuine stress incontinence were consecutively assigned to one of four physiotherapy groups who were treated for 6 weeks by either (1) pelvic floor exercises (PFE) in hospital; (2) PFE and faradism; (3) PFE and interferential therapy; (4) PFE at home. Assessment before and after treatment was by 7-day bladder charts, urethral pressure profiles and perineometry. Approximately two-thirds of the hospital-treated patients (groups 1, 2 and 3) experienced marked or moderate subjective improvement and at 6 months, 27% were dry or almost dry. There was little difference in outcome between groups 1, 2 and 3 but hospital-based therapy was more effective than home treatment. Statistical analyses showed that there were significant improvements in the objective indices measured in the 45 hospital-treated patients. Successful treatment was more likely in younger patients, in those with lesser degrees of genuine stress incontinence and those who had had no previous pelvic floor surgery. PMID- 3497668 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in meralgia paraesthetica of pregnancy. PMID- 3497669 TI - Vitreoretinal junction in infectious endophthalmitis in a primate eye. AB - A primate eye affected by postoperative infectious endophthalmitis was studied early in the course of the disease. Retinal perivasculitis, vitreoretinal adhesions along the inflamed vessels, and traction of the partially separated posterior vitreous on the retina at the adhesion sites were observed. It is suggested that such vitreoretinal junction pathology may be responsible for the development of retinal detachment in infectious endophthalmitis. PMID- 3497671 TI - Cholesterol mediation of progesterone production and oocyte maturation in cultured amphibian (Rana pipiens) ovarian follicles. AB - Treatment of isolated amphibian ovarian follicles with frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) increases follicular progesterone levels, which, in turn, initiate oocyte maturation. Recent studies have demonstrated that follicular progesterone production requires concomitant protein synthesis at some stage preceding pregnenolone formation. Experiments were carried out to determine whether cholesterol metabolism plays a role in mediating these biochemical and physiological processes. Aminoglutethimide (AGI, and inhibitor of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme) inhibited FPH-induced intrafollicular progesterone accumulation and oocyte maturation (or germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) in a dose-dependent manner. Follicular progesterone accumulation and GVBD were both stimulated, in the absence of FPH, after addition of 25-OH-cholesterol, but not cholesterol, to the culture medium. Higher levels of progesterone were present in defolliculated oocytes as compared to intact ovarian follicles after incubation with 25-OH cholesterol. The results indicate that the surface epithelium and theca layer in the follicle wall retard 25-OH-cholesterol access to steroid-producing follicle cells. AGI blocked 25-OH-cholesterol-induced accumulation of progesterone and GVBD in defolliculated oocytes, suggesting that 25-OH-cholesterol does not directly induce GVBD and is metabolized by the follicle cells. The capacity of follicles to accumulate progesterone following preincubation with FPH or 25-OH cholesterol along with AGI was compared. Intrafollicular levels of progesterone increased after AGI- and 25-OH-cholesterol-treated follicles were washed. In contrast, progesterone levels decreased in follicles pretreated with AGI and FPH after washing. The results indicate that considerable 25-OH-cholesterol, but not endogenous cholesterol (FPH stimulation), remains available for steroidogenesis after removal of AGI. A significant, but incomplete, inhibition of progesterone accumulation occurred when follicles were incubated in the presence of 25-OH cholesterol and cycloheximide. This partial blockage produced by the protein synthesis inhibitor indicates that some basal protein synthesis is required for progesterone accumulation from exogenous 25-OH-cholesterol. We conclude that intracellular cholesterol stores in the follicle wall are utilized to mediate FPH induction of progesterone accumulation and oocyte maturation in amphibian follicles. PMID- 3497670 TI - Characterization of hepatic epidermal growth factor receptors in the developing rat. AB - Binding of 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) was characterized in basolateral plasma membranes prepared from the livers of 21-day gestation fetuses, 14-day-old sucklings and adult Sprague-Dawley rats using a self generating Percoll gradient method. The membrane preparations employed have been previously assayed in terms of plasma membrane protein yield, enrichment of various marker enzymes and sodium-dependent bile acid and amino acid transport. 125I-EGF binding was saturable and time and temperature dependent. Equilibrium analyses showed that the suckling period is characterized by a marked decrease in overall hepatic EGF binding capacity (460 +/- 50 fmol/mg protein) compared to either the fetal period (1290 +/- 160 fmol/mg) or to adults of either sex (males = 1540 +/- 230, females 1010 +/- 130 fmol/mg). Treatment of the suckling rat with parenteral EGF resulted in a 78% reduction in the observed binding capacity when assessed 2 h after growth factor administration. Comparison of binding affinities revealed no significant difference between the suckling and adult preparations (Kd = 0.40 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.02 nM, respectively); however, both preparations differed significantly from the fetal group which exhibited a decreased affinity of binding with a higher overall dissociation constant (Kd = 0.68 +/- 0.06 nM). Thus, it appears that major ontogenetic changes occur in the rat hepatic ligand/receptor system for epidermal growth factor. These changes are discussed in the context of transitional events in mammalian development such as birth and weaning. PMID- 3497672 TI - [Pentagastrin as a stimulator of immunogenesis]. AB - It has been shown that subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin to mice in doses 0.01-5 micrograms per animal during 10 days resulted in a considerable stimulation of the immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Pentagastrin in doses of 5 and 1 micrograms per animal was demonstrated to have the highest immunostimulating effect. These doses increased the production of IGM-antibody forming cells 2.2-2.7-fold and produced a twofold elevation of the antibody titer. Pentagastrin did not influence the immune response to thymus independent Vi-antigen. The in vitro treatment of mouse bone marrow cells with pentagastrin (0.1 or 0.01 microgram/ml) increased the number of Thy-1 positive cells from 0 to 16-17%. Pentagastrin at a dose of 0.001 microgram/ml was not effective. PMID- 3497673 TI - [Immunocorrective therapy of the traumatic syndrome]. AB - The effect of combined application of thymalin and plaferon in the prophylaxis and treatment of traumatic syndrome has been investigated in rats. The survival rate was taken as the criterion of efficiency, the mechanism of the effect obtained being estimated at the level of immunological protective factors. Traumatic shock was induced by Kennon's method in Wistar male rats weighing 200 250 g. Post-traumatic syndrome has been observed within 7 days. The combined application of thymalin and plaferon has increased the survival rate twice within the first 7 days. Immunomodulating effect of the combined application of thymalin and plaferon on the 7th day of traumatic syndrome was most marked at the level of total T-lymphocyte population, theophylline-sensitive T suppressors and lysozyme blood serum activity. PMID- 3497674 TI - [Effect of the components of electro-drug anesthesia and ataralgesia on the appearance of hepato-specific enzymes in the blood]. AB - The influence of diazepam, droperidol, fentanyl and central transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) on hepatocytes was studied in experiments on healthy rats (group I). Organospecific enzymes (histidase and urokinase) were chosen for the evaluation of side effects of drugs and their combination with ES on physiological functions of the liver. Drugs and their combinations with ES used in the clinical practice caused no marked damage of hepatocytes in healthy animals. A pronounced decrease in the above enzyme activity (3-fold, as compared to the control group) was revealed in rats with acute cholestasis and pancreatitis 72 h after ES. This fact shows hepatoprotective effects of ES. The most marked unfavourable effect on hepatocytes was registered in group II, where fentanyl was used. PMID- 3497675 TI - [Natural killers and interleukin-2 in mice of the strain MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr]. AB - The functional activity of natural killers (NK) in the spleen and lymph nodes and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production have been studied in MPL-MpJ-lpr/lpr (H-2k) mice with genetically predetermined autoimmune diseases and CBA (H-2k) mice. In MPL/l mice it has been shown that NK activity in the spleen was markedly depressed already in the first month of life, whereas in lymph nodes there is a substantial NK activity on days 7-10, which reaches its maximum by the second month and by the 6th months is practically intractable. IL-2 production in MPL/l mice was depressed at all stages of investigation. PMID- 3497676 TI - [Anomalous sedimentation schlieren diagrams of the blood in patients with rheumatic diseases as an indicator of the presence of reversibly dissociating immune complexes]. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) are of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid diseases. The study of CIC has so far been restricted to their stable forms. This paper presents the data of ultracentrifugation showing that sera from rheumatoid patients often contain special population of reversibly dissociating CIC. It is noted that antibodies forming such kinds of CIC might either be present in significant excess, as compared to antigens, or possess low affinity. PMID- 3497677 TI - T cell rearranging gene gamma: diversity and mRNA expression in fresh cells from T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Rearrangement and in most cases expression of the T cell rearranging genes gamma (TRG gamma) and T cell antigen receptor beta chain (TCR beta) genes were studied in 19 cases of T cell acute malignancies where the surface phenotype is representative of the different stages of thymic maturation. TCR alpha gene transcription was also studied. TRG gamma and TCR beta genes were found to be rearranged in all but one case. The TRG gamma rearrangement pattern seen in most cases is compatible with biallelic rearrangement by loop excision involving the J gamma 2 regions. The sizes of all but two rearranged bands were identical to those of the rearranged bands seen in polyclonal T lymphocytes also studied in this work. One identical-sized band was found in 11 of the 18 rearranged cases. The expression of TRG gamma mRNA (transcripts of 1.6 kilobases [kb]) was highly variable from case to case and did not correlate with the stage of differentiation of the malignant cells, the expression of the molecules CD4 and CD8, the expression and size of the transcripts of the TCR beta genes, and the transcription of TCR alpha genes. In one CD3 + case, strong expression of the TRG gamma transcripts coexisted with the exclusive presence of TCR beta mRNA of 1.0 kb. The cells from this case did not react with anti-Ti antibody and exhibited no natural killer activity. These findings are suggestive of a malignancy that may express the recently isolated CD3-TRG gamma complex. PMID- 3497678 TI - Analysis of CD1 molecules on thymus cells and leukemic T lymphoblasts identifies discrete phenotypes and reveals that CD1 intermolecular complexes are observed only on normal cells. AB - We looked at the surface expression of the three distinct human thymic cell surface differentiation antigens, CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c, that presently define the first cluster of differentiation (CD) on the cells from 34 patients with acute T cell malignancies. We also studied the expression of other T cell-restricted molecules, including the T cell receptors, on these cells. Our results confirm the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of the cells from acute T cell malignancies, which contrast with the more limited phenotypic diversity of subacute or chronic T cell malignancies. Our study of normal children and fetal thymus cells shows that the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of the malignant cells reflects the heterogeneity of the thymic subpopulations and shows that most of the phenotypes observed on malignant T cells have a normal counterpart, particularly in the fetal thymus. Moreover, we demonstrate that the CD1a molecules, which can form three different types of noncovalent intermolecular complexes on the surface of normal thymus cells, do not form any noncovalent intermolecular complexes on the surface of leukemic cells. We also show that CD1a molecules can form covalent intermolecular complexes with CD8 molecules on some but not all malignant cells. PMID- 3497679 TI - Effect of calcium ion concentration on the ability of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor to support the ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. AB - To investigate the suggestion that von Willebrand factor (vWf) can substitute for fibrinogen in supporting ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets, we studied platelet reactions in two media: (1) a high calcium medium, Tyrode-albumin solution containing calcium ions in the physiological range of 2 mmol/L, and (2) a low calcium medium, modified Tyrode-albumin solution from which calcium salt was omitted (calcium ion concentration approximately 20 mumol/L). In the high calcium medium vWf even at concentrations up to six times as high as physiological, showed little or no potentiation of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, whereas fibrinogen strongly potentiated reversible aggregation without thromboxane formation or release of granule contents. In the low calcium medium, either vWf or fibrinogen supported biphasic aggregation in response to ADP, with thromboxane formation and release of granule contents. Aspirin and the thromboxane receptor blocker BM 13.177 inhibited these secondary responses to von Willebrand factor, indicating that they require thromboxane A2 formation and feedback amplification by thromboxane A2. A monoclonal antibody, 10E5, to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex inhibited both primary and secondary aggregation. Although vWf supports ADP-induced aggregation when the concentration of ionized calcium is in the micromolar range, it does not support ADP-induced aggregation in the presence of a concentration of ionized calcium in the physiological range, indicating that vWf probably cannot substitute for fibrinogen in supporting ADP-induced aggregation in vivo. PMID- 3497680 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a model for studying immunoproliferative diseases. PMID- 3497681 TI - Reactivity of B leukemic lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia to PWM and PHA. AB - The ability of leukemic B lymphocytes to proliferate after in vitro stimulation with PWM and PHA was studied in 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of five healthy subjects as well as purified normal B lymphocytes were used as controls. Leukemic lymphocytes of all donors expressed the same membrane phenotype, M receptor, and B7 and Ia antigens. The lymphocyte populations investigated were not completely free from myelomonocytic cells and contained small numbers of T lymphocytes. DNA synthesis was determined on days 3, 5, and 7 of culture by measuring the incorporation of tritiated thymidine. PWM induced proliferation of leukemic B lymphocytes of nine patients was within normal limits, while the response of leukemic cells of six patients was very low. On the other hand, all CLL donors responded very well to PHA. Moreover, the response of leukemic B lymphocytes was significantly higher than the response of normal B cells. It was concluded that leukemic B lymphocytes of CLL patients are capable of proliferation after stimulation with PWM and PHA. The mechanisms underlying these responses to PWM and PHA are likely to be different. PMID- 3497682 TI - Phorbol ester induction of plasmacytoid and hairy cell leukemia features in B type lymphocytic leukemias: the relation to B-cell differentiation and maturation. AB - Mononuclear cells concentrated from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 7 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in leukemic phase (NHL), 5 with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), 1 with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and 1 with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) were induced to differentiate with various doses of TPA. The degree of induction was followed for up to 6 days by measuring the expression of surface membrane markers (SmIg and GP-70) and Ig secretion, the induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and by recording ultrastructural changes as seen by electronmicroscopy. The results show a dose and time dependency of the TPA effect and a great heterogeneity in the cellular response, particularly in cells obtained from B-CLL patients. TPA induced two main features, namely the development of "plasmacytoid" or "hairy cell" leukemia features that clearly depended on the dose and duration of treatment with the phorbol ester. The plasmacytoid features were more frequently encountered with lower doses (1 ng/ml) of TPA and were more evident after shorter exposures to TPA (1-2 days). Nevertheless, the hairy cell features were more striking after incubation with higher concentrations of TPA (10-100 ng/ml) after longer periods of incubation (up to 6 days) with lower doses of TPA. The various features of differentiation measured including cell morphology, surface membrane markers, Ig secretion, and TRAP staining, were frequently independent of each other, suggesting an autonomous pathway of differentiation for some of these features. Furthermore, in most of the cases, hairy cell leukemia features were obtained more frequently following TPA exposure than plasmacytic changes. PMID- 3497683 TI - Three-dimensional display of data obtained by single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Three-dimensional display of radioactive distributions has been achieved using data generated by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Computer techniques for constructing images are presented and the special problems associated with manipulating SPECT data are reviewed. The potential role of three dimensional imaging in nuclear medicine is discussed and SPECT studies from several illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 3497684 TI - Negative gallium scan in an AIDS patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 3497685 TI - Injection sclerotherapy in adult patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. AB - Thirty-nine adult and teenage patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) were treated with injection sclerotherapy. There were 22 males and 17 females with a mean age of 27 years (range 12-69). Oesophageal varices were eradicated in 33 patients after seven injections (range 1-17) over a mean of 14.5 months (range 1-48). Fewer injections were needed to eradicate varices in older patients. Variceal bleeding occurred on 13 occasions in 9 patients before eradication of varices and on 4 occasions in 4 of the 33 patients in whom varices had been eradicated, with a mean follow-up of 44 months (range 3 105). There were no deaths during the study period. Complications, mostly of a minor nature, occurred in 25 patients and included injection site leak in 5, stenosis in 7 and mucosal ulceration in 23. We conclude that injection sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with EHPVO. PMID- 3497686 TI - Prospective randomized trial comparing two injection techniques for sclerosing oesophageal varices: over-tube and free-hand. AB - The safety, efficacy and complications of two techniques of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy were examined in 102 consecutive patients, using either a totally transparent over-tube or the free-hand technique. The choice of treatment was at random. There was a significantly higher control of variceal bleeding when the over-tube technique was used (100 per cent versus 77 per cent, P less than 0.05). The frequency of re-bleeding before the eradication of oesophageal varices was significantly less in the over-tube group than in the free-hand group (P less than 0.01), although all re-bleedings were well controlled with additional injections of 5 per cent ethanolamine oleate. There was no significant difference between the two techniques with regard to the frequency of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for eradication of oesophageal varices. The over-tube technique is safer than the free-hand technique and takes less time to accomplish; at the initial session of treatment, time and bleeding during these techniques were 11.5 +/- 2.3 min (mean +/- s.d.) and 7.3 +/- 5.9 ml in the over-tube technique, and 20.4 +/- 4.1 min and 45.1 +/- 30.0 ml in the free-hand technique (P less than 0.001, in both time and bleeding). PMID- 3497687 TI - Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in aphemia: a case report. AB - Local cerebral metabolism was determined in a patient suffering aphemia following cerebral infarction using the 18FDG-PET technique. The syndrome was characterized by profound ictal nonfluency with sparing of other language functions. Speech subsequently improved so that content and grammar were appropriate but mild dysprosody persisted. Conventional CT showed no lesion of the left hemisphere while PET revealed a discrete focus of hypometabolism on the left which partially resolved on serial studies. The metabolic lesion could be localized to the region of the inferior precentral gyrus and the adjacent subcortical space. PMID- 3497689 TI - Determination of the source of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neuronal projections to the neural and intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary gland through the use of electrical stimulation and lesioning experiments. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing axons and terminals have been visualized in the neural and intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary gland, but the origin of these fibers remains in question. This study was designed to determine if 5-HT cell bodies in the brainstem or in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus project to either of these pituitary lobes. Since lesions and electrical stimulation of 5-HT cell bodies decrease and increase, respectively, the rate of 5-HT synthesis in regions innervated by these cells, these techniques were employed. The in vivo rate of 5-HT synthesis was determined by quantifying the rate of accumulation of the 5-HT precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), in the neural and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland 30 min after the administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor (NSD 1015, 100 mg/kg, i.p.). The application of 30 min of stimulating current (monophasic cathodal pulses of 1 ms duration and 0.3 mA current delivered at a frequency of 10 Hz) to electrodes implanted in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei increased the rate of 5-HT synthesis in both the neural and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland. 5,7 Dihydroxytryptamine lesions of these nuclei altered neither 5-HTP accumulation nor 5-HT concentrations in the neural and intermediate lobes, but similar lesions of the nuclei raphe pontis and raphe magnus decreased both the concentration of 5 HT and the accumulation of 5-HTP in these pituitary regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497688 TI - Apomorphine-induced penile erection and yawning: site of action in brain. AB - Microinjection of the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) induced penile erection and yawning in rats. A significant effect was elicited by a dose of apomorphine as low as 5 ng. The symptomatology usually began within 5 min after the microinjection, lasted for 30 50 min, and was identical to that induced by the systemic administration of the drug. Stereotypy and hypermotility were never observed after apomorphine microinjection into the PVN, even at the highest dose tested (1 microgram). Microinjections of the same doses of apomorphine into the hypothalamic ventromedial and dorsomedial nucleus, preoptic area, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra, were ineffective. LY 171555, a specific D2 Da receptor agonist, and (+)-3-PPP, but not (-)-3-PPP nor the specific D1 DA receptor agonist SKF 38393, were as effective as apomorphine when injected into the PVN. Apomorphine-induced penile erection and yawning were antagonized by pretreatment with neuroleptic drugs, such as haloperidol, (-)-sulpiride, a specific D2 DA antagonist, and SCH 23390, a specific D1 DA antagonist. The present results suggest that the PVN is the brain area where D2 DA agonists act to induce penile erection and yawning. Moreover, since the PVN contains the cell bodies of a group of incerto-hypothalamic DA neurons, the above results suggest for the first time a possible involvement of the incerto-hypothalamic DA system in the expression of penile erection and yawning. PMID- 3497690 TI - A monoclonal antibody specific for a subpopulation of retinal bipolar cells in the frog and other vertebrates. AB - One monoclonal antibody 115A10 (MAb 5A10) specifically stained a subpopulation of retinal bipolar cells in various vertebrates. In the bullfrog retina, MAb 5A10 stained the large bipolar cells, but not the small bipolar cells. Labeling of the living bipolar cells was observed in isolated cell preparation of the frog retina. MAb 5A10 can serve as a cell-specific marker of the bipolar cells. PMID- 3497691 TI - [The mechanism of action of monofunctional and bifunctional hydrazones on Trichomonas vaginalis]. PMID- 3497692 TI - Neurologic diseases. PMID- 3497693 TI - Neurologic examination of the horse. AB - Methodology for the neurologic examination in the equine species is described. Information is organized to assist the reader in defining neurologic deficits and in localizing lesions to the major subdivisions within the central or peripheral nervous system. Numerous examples of deficits are presented to assist the reader in recognition of common neurologic disease states. PMID- 3497694 TI - Seizures in the horse. AB - This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of extracranial, intracranial, and idiopathic seizures. PMID- 3497695 TI - Cerebellar abiotrophy. AB - Cerebellar abiotrophy is a degenerative condition of Arabian horses that produces signs of head tremors and ataxia. Affected foals demonstrate clinical signs between the time of birth and 6 months of age. The condition is untreatable, although some animals have reportedly improved to varying degrees. The disease is believed to be inherited; however, definitive evidence is lacking at this time. PMID- 3497696 TI - Head tilt in horses. AB - Head tilt in the horse is commonly a sign of either central or peripheral vestibular disease. The confirmation of vestibular disease is based on physical findings, including results of cranial-nerve function evaluation and observation of stance, posture, and gait. Further localization is made by ancillary tests such as cerebral spinal fluid analysis, electrodiagnostic testing, and radiography. The normal anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system, the abnormal clinical signs demonstrated during physical examination, and the various etiologies are discussed. PMID- 3497697 TI - Central nervous system trauma. AB - Traumatic injury to the central nervous system causes immediate damage and sets in motion a complex series of pathophysiologic events that result in further neuronal injury. This secondary damage seems to be related to changes in blood flow and pressure on a systemic, regional, and microvascular level. Currently, there is evidence that these changes are, in part, mediated by endogenous opioids and arachidonic acid metabolites, namely thromboxane A2. Medical management is generally designed to intervene at one or more stages in this secondary cascade of events. Further research should lead us to better understanding of the mechanisms involved in trauma to the central nervous system and, subsequently, more specific and effective treatments. PMID- 3497698 TI - Farm animal behavior. PMID- 3497699 TI - Transmembrane K+, Na+, and Cl- permeability and conductance changes in the frog sartorius fibres following ouabain and zero [K+]o treatment. AB - Changes in the K+, Na+, and Cl- permeabilities (P) and conductances (g) of the intact frog sartorius fibre membrane following ouabain or zero [K+]o treatment were calculated from intrafibre activity and whole muscle electrolyte changes. Conventional equations relating ionic fluxes to resting potential (E), ionic gradient potential, and internal and external ionic activities were used. Both treatments produced a three- to five-fold increase in PNa and gNa. In addition, ouabain produced a fivefold increase in PK (and gK) and a small decrease in PCl (and gCl), whereas zero [K+]o produced a 60% reduction in PK, a 90% reduction in gK, and a threefold increase in PCl (and gCl). When the two treatments were combined, the P and g changes were paradoxical, suggesting that the ouabain induced increase in gK and the zero [K+]o-induced decrease in gK were occurring but in different channels (or carriers). During ouabain treatment, E reflects mainly the transmembrane K+ gradient potential; during zero [K+]o treatment, E reflects mainly the Cl- gradient potential. Despite channel (or carrier) specificity, it appears that all three ionic permeabilities are altered during the perturbations. PMID- 3497700 TI - Role of the anteroventral third ventricle region in fever in sheep. AB - Ablation of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region, which includes the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), blocks the febrile response of guinea pigs to systemically injected endotoxin; by contrast, discrete lesions of the OVLT transiently enhance fever in rabbits and rats. To assess whether separate subdivisions of the AV3V may mediate these different effects, the thermal responses to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.25 micrograms/kg, i.v.) were measured in eight sheep before and 12-13 days after placement of lesions at various levels within the AV3V. The responses of four of these sheep to crude homologous endogenous pyrogen (EP, 1-2 mL, i.c.v.) were also evaluated. Additionally, five other sheep were tested with LPS 2-8 months postlesion. All the experiments were performed at thermoneutrality. Sheep were used because most of the frontal wall of their 3V forms an elongated OVLT consisting of an avascular body and a vascular base. The animals were classified postmortem according to the extent of tissue ablated. Lesion overlap analyses showed that (i) medial lesions which extended from the floor of the 3V to the anterior commissure and laterally into adjacent preoptic periventricular tissue were associated with significantly depressed fever after LPS (n = 2); (ii) comparable lesions, but which excluded the ventral portion of the AV3V, i.e., the base of the OVLT, did not alter the magnitude of the febrile response to LPS (n = 4); (iii) lesions of the lateral walls of the 3V and (or) of the adjacent medial preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas but excluding the frontal 3V wall also did not affect fever height after LPS (n = 7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497701 TI - A comparison of the febrile responses of the Brattleboro and Sprague-Dawley strains of rats to endotoxin and endogenous pyrogens. AB - The febrile responses of homozygous (di/di) Brattleboro rats, to both intravenous endogenous pyrogen and to a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, were compared with those of normal Sprague-Dawley rats. There were no detectable differences between the fever curves of the two strains in response to endogenous pyrogen. Brattleboro rats, which are deficient in the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP), displayed fevers that were both qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from those of normal Sprague-Dawley rats that do not suffer from congenital diabetes insipidus. It is concluded that the absence of AVP containing cells in Brattleboro rats is not an important factor in determining the nature of their febrile responses to endogenous pyrogen. More remarkable, however, were the divergent febrile responses of the two strains to intravenously injected endotoxin. Normal rats displayed hypothermic responses, whereas the Brattleboro rats became febrile. By 2 h after the injection of endotoxin, body temperatures in both strains had returned to normal. Three hours after the rats had been exposed to endotoxin, both strains were found to be totally refractory to endogenous pyrogen. However, when both strains of rats were tested to endogenous pyrogen 3 days later, their febrile responses were more than double the magnitude of their initial control responses. These alterations in the febrile responsiveness of rats occurring at different times after the injection of endotoxin appear to be related to the effects that endotoxin has on the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, over the same time course. PMID- 3497702 TI - Effects of endogenous pyrogen and prostaglandin E2 on hypothalamic neurons in rat brain slices. AB - We investigated the effects of endogenous pyrogen and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic (POAH) neurons using brain slice preparations from the rat. Partially purified endogenous pyrogen did not change the activities of most of the neurons in the POAH region when applied locally through a micropipette attached to the recording electrode in proximity to the neurons. This indicates that partially purified endogenous pyrogen does not act directly on the neuronal activity in the POAH region. The partially purified endogenous pyrogen, applied into a culture chamber containing a brain slice, facilitated the activities in 24% of the total neurons tested, regardless of the thermal specificity of the neurons. Moreover, PGE2 added to the culture chamber facilitated 48% of the warm-responsive, 33% of the cold-responsive, and 29% of the thermally insensitive neurons. The direction of change in neuronal activity induced by partially purified endogenous pyrogen appears to be almost the same as that induced by PGE2 when these substances were applied by perfusion to the same neuron in the culture chamber. These results suggest that partially purified pyrogen applied to the perfusate of the culture chamber stimulates some constituents of brain tissue to synthesize and release prostaglandin, which in turn affects the neuronal activity of the POAH region. PMID- 3497703 TI - Survey of parents' attitudes to the recommended Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine program. PMID- 3497704 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 3497705 TI - The requirements for successful immunotherapy of intraperitoneal cancer using interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - In a significant proportion of patients with gastrointestinal and ovarian malignancy the peritoneal cavity is a prominent site at which surgical treatment fails. Adjuvant treatments directed at this site should be investigated in an attempt to improve survival in patients with these cancers. In the study reported here, a model of intraperitoneal tumor in the mouse was established and shows the effectiveness of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the control of intraperitoneal tumor. A standard regimen was used to treat seven different tumors in three different mouse strains. In all seven cases a significant reduction in the intraperitoneal tumor mass was observed when LAK cells plus IL-2 were used as immunotherapy. A prolonged survival was also demonstrated in mice with intraperitoneal tumor. The relevance of these observations to patients with cancer was demonstrated in that allogeneic and syngeneic LAK cells were equally effective, LAK cells generated from normal and from tumor-bearing donors showed equal reactivity, and this treatment was successful in the immuno-compromised host. Both IL-2 derived from an IL-2 producing subline of the EL-4 thymoma and recombinant IL-2 were equally effective in the control of intraperitoneal tumor. The local-regional effects of the intraperitoneal administration of IL-2 were demonstrated by high levels of LAK cell cytotoxicity in peritoneal exudate cells. Intraperitoneal IL-2 or IL-2 plus LAK cell regimens should be investigated in the treatment of malignancy that spreads by implantation onto peritoneal surfaces. PMID- 3497706 TI - Evidence of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in childhood adrenocortical tumors. The plasma corticosterone/11-deoxycorticosterone ratio as a possible marker for malignancy. AB - In search for a biochemical marker to differentiate between adrenocortical carcinoma (AC) and adenoma (AA), plasma levels of the following steroids were studied preoperatively and postoperatively: 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), 11-deoxycortisol (S), and cortisol (F). Levels were measured by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and specific radioimmunoassays. The subjects included eight children ages 2 years, 5 months to 9 years, 10 months. There were three girls and 5 boys with pseudoprecocious puberty due to adrenocortical tumors (histologically, four were AC and four, AA). The preoperative showed that DOC and S levels were elevated in all patients, F levels were elevated in four of eight children when compared with age-matched controls, whereas B was normal. Postoperatively, all levels returned to normal. The ratios of B/DOC and F/S as an index of adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylase activity were calculated. The preoperative ratios of B/DOC were markedly decreased in all patients with AC compared to controls (7.7,4.1,5.9,1.9 versus 23.5, median), but normal in three of four patients with AA (16.2, 29.6, 16.1). The F/S ratios were significantly lower in AC and AA when compared with controls. The data indicate a deficiency in 11 beta hydroxylation in cases of adrenocortical tumors. Despite a still limited number of patients, the decreased B/DOC ratios may possibly indicate malignancy and could be helpful in distinguishing by biochemical means between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors. PMID- 3497707 TI - A novel method of protein analysis for prediction of biological function: application to tumor toxins. AB - Informational spectra method was applied to the analysis of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. The correlation between the information contained in primary structure of these tumor toxins and some oncogen transforming proteins was established. This correlation implies the possibility of a competitive action between these two groups of proteins. "Hot spots" positions in the primary structure of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor for the functional "up" and "down" mutations were predicted. PMID- 3497708 TI - Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Chromosome analysis from stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes of blood, skin, and lymph nodes demonstrated a clonal chromosomal abnormality in eight of 46 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Nonclonal abnormalities were found in nine other patients. Unstimulated lymph node cultures identified the highest proportion of clonal changes. Clonal changes were found most often in patients with advanced disease, and in patients who tested positive with a monoclonal antibody previously shown to detect the T-cells involved in CTCL. Analysis of the eight abnormal clones and seven others found before or since this consecutive series showed that identifiable changes involving the known sites of T-cell receptor genes on chromosomes #7 and #14 were not usually present. An association between CTCL and chromosome rearrangements of chromosome #10 is suggested both from our cases and those found in the literature. This observation is of interest because this chromosome contains the gene for the interleukin-2 receptor. PMID- 3497710 TI - Importance of epidermal growth factor in implantation and growth of mouse mammary tumor in female nude mice. AB - In female nude mice, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was present at a mean concentration of 42.8 +/- 16.9 (SD) ng/mg wet tissue in the submandibular gland and 0.28 +/- 0.13 ng/ml in the plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased circulating EGF to undetectable levels (less than 0.1 ng/ml). The possible role of EGF in transplantation and growth of mouse mammary tumors in nude mice was examined by sialoadenectomy, anti-EGF treatment, and EGF replacement therapy. The success rate of transplantation of a spontaneous mouse mammary tumor into nude mice was 55% in normal females and 17% in sialoadenectomized animals. Anti-EGF treatment of sialoadenectomized mice completely abolished the implantation of the tumor. Daily administration of EGF at a dose of 5 micrograms per mouse to both normal and sialoadenectomized animals enhanced the success rate of tumor implantation to more than 80%. Sialoadenectomy and/or anti-EGF treatment of tumor-bearing nude mice reduced the growth of implanted mammary tumors. These results suggest that EGF is important for implantation and growth of spontaneous mouse mammary tumor in female nude mice. PMID- 3497709 TI - In vitro differentiation of a null-acute leukemia: T-lymphoid surface antigen expression associated with rearrangement in T-cell receptor beta chain variable genes. AB - We describe a human acute unclassified leukemia with a unique t(4;17) translocation that coexpresses T-lymphoid and myeloid surface antigens after in vitro culture in the presence of the tumor promoter, TPA. Under these conditions, the joining regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor gamma and beta chain complexes remained in germ line configuration. A T-cell receptor beta chain variable gene probe, however, revealed the presence of rearrangements in the V beta M3-2 gene region after bilineage differentiation. These results may be pertinent to the interrelationship of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements and the control of T-cell antigen surface expression. PMID- 3497711 TI - Melphalan-induced enhancement of antitumor immune reactivity in thymocytes of adult BALB/c mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. AB - At no stage of tumor growth are thymocytes from MOPC-315 tumor bearers capable of bringing about the generation of enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity when added to immunization cultures of syngeneic normal spleen cells and "autochthonous" tumor cells. However, by Day 7 after low-dose melphalan [L-PAM (L-phenylalanine mustard)] therapy of mice bearing a large (greater than or equal to 20 mm) s.c. MOPC-315 tumor, their thymocytes exhibit such activity and it persists for at least 17 additional days. The ability of thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers to bring about the generation of enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity when added to immunization cultures of normal spleen cells and MOPC-315 tumor cells is evident over a 10-fold range of responder/stimulator cell ratios, and requires the presence of the thymocytes within the first day after initiation of the 5-day immunization cultures. In addition, immunization cultures containing normal spleen cells and thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers exhibit enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity by Day 4 after culture initiation that persists for at least 3 additional days. Thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers are able to bring about the generation of enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity only in response to stimulation with autochthonous tumor cells but not in response to stimulation with unrelated allogeneic EL4 tumor cells. The apparent specificity of the enhanced antitumor immune reactivity of thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers is not the result of extensive metastasis of tumor cells to the thymus. In fact, no tumor cells were found in the thymuses of MOPC-315 tumor bearers with methods that can detect 1 X 10(3) tumor cells, indicating that if MOPC-315 tumor cells metastasize at all into the thymus, the thymuses of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor contain fewer than 1 X 10(3) tumor cells. Thus, thymocytes from mice which are engaged in the eradication of a large MOPC-315 tumor display enhanced antitumor immunity in response to stimulation with the autochthonous tumor cells. Such thymocytes may prove important to the outcome of low-dose L-PAM therapy for mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor, since the low-dose chemotherapy requires the contribution of T cell-dependent antitumor immunity for its therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 3497712 TI - Isolation and characterization of Rana catesbeiana lectin and demonstration of the lectin-binding glycoprotein of rodent and human tumor cell membranes. AB - A lectin isolated from Rana catesbeiana eggs preferentially agglutinates a large variety of human and animal tumor cells but not normal red blood cells, lymphocytes, or fibroblasts. The phenomenon correlates with a higher binding activity of the lectin with tumor cells. Chemical and physical analysis of the purified lectin indicates that the lectin is a low molecular weight basic polypeptide with five intrachain disulfide bonds. Its agglutination of tumor cells was abolished by blocking the amino group. The lectin strongly binds with a large variety of tumor cells but binds only minimally with fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes. Tumor cell agglutination induced by this lectin was strongly inhibited by submaxillary mucin, to a lesser degree by fetuin and keratan sulfate, and not at all by less-sialylated glycoproteins, such as transferrin. Inhibition by mucin or fetuin was greatly reduced by desialylation of glycoprotein with sialidase. Treatment of tumor cells with sialidase greatly reduced the lectin-dependent agglutination, and the sialidase-dependent reduction of tumor cell agglutination was inhibited by the sialidase inhibitor 2,3-dehydro 2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid. However, tumor cell agglutination was not inhibited by chondroitin sulfates or hyaluronic acid. Thus, the lectin-dependent tumor cell agglutination is due to a high density of sialic acid at the cell surface. The receptor glycoprotein that interacts with this lectin was demonstrated in the detergent-insoluble fraction of a variety of tumor cells by sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by Western blotting with lectin and anti-lectin antibodies. The presence of a common high molecular weight lectin-binding glycoprotein in various tumor cells was demonstrated. PMID- 3497713 TI - Divergent effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factors on a human endometrial carcinoma cell line. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), at concentrations ranging from 0.83 to 4.98 nM, markedly inhibited the proliferation of RL95-2 cells that were seeded at low plating densities (4.7 X 10(3) cells/cm2). Under the same incubation conditions, 16.6 pM EGF enhanced cell proliferation. At high plating densities (2.5 X 10(4) cells/cm2) 0.83 nM EGF also stimulated cell proliferation. Both the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of EGF were mimicked by transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). However, the inhibitory action of TGF-alpha was always greater that of EGF. Binding studies with 125I-labeled TGF-alpha indicated that maximal cell surface binding of TGF-alpha occurred at 15 min, whereas maximal internalization occurred at 45 min. Both cell surface and internalized radioactivity declined sharply thereafter. Analysis of radioactivity released into the incubation medium during pulse-chase experiments indicated that RL95-2 cells extensively degraded both TGF-alpha and EGF. The lysosomotropic compound methylamine arrested the generation of low-molecular-weight degradation products of EGF, but not of TGF alpha. In contrast to EGF and TGF-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) inhibited the proliferation of RL95-2 cells that were seeded at either low or high plating densities. Further, transforming growth factor-beta induced the appearance of large cuboidal cells that were readily distinguished from cells treated with either EGF or TGF-alpha. These findings point to complex regulatory actions of growth factors on the proliferation of RL95-2 cells and suggest that the processing of TGF-alpha following EGF receptor activation is distinct from the processing of EGF. PMID- 3497715 TI - Inhibition of growth of human tumor xenografts in athymic mice treated with ricin toxin A chain-monoclonal antibody 791T/36 conjugates. AB - Immunotoxin constructed by conjugating ricin A chain to monoclonal antibody 791T/36 specifically inhibits growth of human tumor xenografts which express the gp72 antigen recognized by the antibody component. Dose schedule tests showed that the major response was obtained during the first 5 days of treatment and further prolonged treatment did not improve therapy. Expression of gp72 antigen on tumor cells derived from xenografts in immunotoxin-treated mice was not markedly altered indicating that treatment did not lead to the expansion of tumor antigen deficient tumor cells. The experiments indicate that treatment for short duration with immunotoxin may be the most effective protocol. PMID- 3497714 TI - Evidence for progressional changes in the human malignant glioma line U-343 MGa: analysis of karyotype and expression of genes encoding the subunit chains of platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Three cell samples in different passages of the line U-343 MGa, derived from a human malignant glioma biopsy, gave rise to clones with different amounts of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-like activity secreted to extracellular medium, and of 125I-labeled PDGF binding. Sixteen clones were completely karyotyped with the G-banding technique. The unique markers 1p-q+, 16p- found in all clones, as well as in the parallel uncloned line, U-343 MG, provided evidence of their common origin. The deduced early, possibly partly primary, deviations had the formula 44, XY, 1p-q+, -14, 16p-, -22, where loss of one chromosome 22 is in accordance with previous reports on early chromosomal deviations in gliomas. Two clones, the hypodiploid 26L and 5H, represented early progressional changes. The other clones followed two patterns of late progressional changes, probably starting from the karyotype of 5H, with additional markers and doubling of the stemlines. In late progressional line I 12q+ and in II +7 were the most characteristic findings. Northern blot analysis using complementary DNA clones for the A and B chains of PDGF showed that both PDGF chains were expressed in 26L and 5H indicating that activation of the PDGF genes could have been an early event in the development of this glioma. Clones with late progression pattern II had been subjected to the highest selective pressure in vitro, and they secreted the highest amount of PDGF-like activity to the extracellular medium. Among them were the most rapidly and tightly growing cells and some clones with high 125I labeled epidermal growth factor binding. Possibly these findings reflect progressional changes including defective regulation of the growth factor/growth factor receptor genes, selected for in vitro, without involving gross rearrangements or amplifications of the genes. The possible significance of extra chromosomes 7, with the PDGF A chain and epidermal growth factor receptor genes, and of the 12q+ marker, located near the gamma interferon gene is discussed. PMID- 3497716 TI - Inhibition of methotrexate-induced differentiation of cultured human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells by thymidine. AB - During exposure to methotrexate, cultured human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells stop proliferating, enlarge, and undergo a complex differentiative response that resembles in utero development of quiescent syncytiotrophoblasts. In the present work, complete inhibition of proliferation and maximal cell enlargement required exposure to 1 microM methotrexate, whereas colony-forming ability, determined after transfer of cells to drug-free medium, was unaffected over a wide range of concentrations (10(-12)-10(-5) M). BeWo cells were sensitive to the antifolate effects of methotrexate since thymidylate synthase activity and incorporation of [14C]formate into DNA, RNA, and protein were reduced by greater than 90% after short drug exposures, and progression of cells through S phase of the cell cycle was blocked by prolonged drug exposures. When methotrexate was coadministered with hypoxanthine and thymidine or leucovorin, its antiproliferative and differentiative effects were blocked. When methotrexate was coadministered with either hypoxanthine or thymidine, its antiproliferative activity was unaffected, whereas expression of syncytiotrophoblastic markers was blocked in the presence of thymidine but not in the presence of hypoxanthine. Exposure of BeWo cells to fluorodeoxyuridine also stimulated cell enlargement and expression of syncytiotrophoblastic markers, and these effects were blocked by coadministration of thymidine. Thus BeWo cells, which were sensitive to the antifolate effects of methotrexate, were not killed during cytostasis but instead entered a reversible differentiated state, apparently resulting from thymidylate starvation and consequent inhibition of DNA synthesis. PMID- 3497717 TI - Expression of a shared tumor-specific antigen by two chemically induced BALB/c sarcomas. AB - A tumor-specific antigen (TSA) expressed on the chemically induced BALB/c Meth A sarcoma and one of 22 other BALB/c sarcomas tested, CMS13, was detected in in vitro cellular and humoral assays. The distribution pattern of the TSA defined in a complement-dependent microcytoxicity assay by cytotoxic antibodies present in CMS13 antisera was similar to that detected by a cytotoxic T-cell clone, designated CTLL-MA10B, in an 18-h cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. The serologically defined TSA was shown to be expressed on gp96, a Mr 96,000 glycoprotein isolated from Meth A cytosol with immunoprotective activity in in vivo tumor rejection assays. Immunization of BALB/c mice with Meth A, CMS13, or preparations of gp96 isolated from these sarcomas induced tumor resistance in these mice to Meth A and CMS13 but not CMS5, an antigenically unrelated sarcoma. These results suggest that the shared TSA is expressed on gp96 and is functional in tumor rejection assays. PMID- 3497718 TI - A cytoplasmic human melanoma associated antigen as a marker of activation in lymphoid cells. AB - A cytoplasmic glycoprotein, originally identified by the monoclonal antibody 465.12S in melanoma tumors, is significantly increased in epithelial cells of different histotype following transformation. In the present study we show that the cytoplasmic melanoma associated antigen (cyt-MAA) is drastically enhanced in lymphoid cells by polyclonal and allogeneic stimulation, as well as by transformation. Normal T-cells with helper and suppressor phenotype are far more susceptible than B-cells to this enhancement. However, among transformed lymphoid cells, the expression of the cyt-MAA does not correlate with lineage, but rather with stage of differentiation. Acute lymphoblastic leukemias represent the only exception, since in these lymphoid malignancies cyt-MAA levels are highly heterogeneous even within groups of phenotypically similar lesions. Thus, the expression of the cyt-MAA is shared by cells of distant embryological origin in early stages of their differentiation and/or during proliferation. Quantitation of the cyt-MAA may provide useful information for the classification of some lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 3497719 TI - The multiple manifestations of the encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis syndrome. AB - A case is reported of a recently described neurocutaneous syndrome, manifested by a noncommunicating right lateral ventricular cyst, a left-sided lipoma of the scalp with alopecia, right-sided multiple truncal lipomas, right-sided ocular manifestations, left leg hypertrophy, and seizures. The findings in cases of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis are described to demonstrate the spectrum of this syndrome. PMID- 3497720 TI - [Early changes in autonomic nervous function after heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 3497721 TI - Arterial supply of the choriocapillaris of anuran amphibians (Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta). Scanning electron-microscopic (SEM) study of microcorrosion casts. AB - The pattern of the vascular supply to the choroid of the frog eye was studied in toto with the use of the injection-replication-SEM technique. The choroid of anuran amphibians is composed mainly of the choriocapillaris. In both species studied (Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta), an independent arterial supply to the choriocapillaris supplemented that from the ciliary arteries. This additional vascular route arises from the optic artery, a separate branch of the arteria infundibularis superficialis. The optic artery, accompanied by its vein within the vascular sheath of the optic nerve, joins the rich arterial capillary network of the choriocapillaris and supplies the posterior pole of the ocular bulb. The superficial capillary network displays a dense collar around the entrance of the optic nerve into the eye and is composed of a circular meshwork of small capillaries, several layers deep. More peripherally, however, it becomes a single layered. This capillary network, as a whole, establishes numerous connections with the adjacent choriocapillaris at the posterior pole of the ocular bulb. In anuran amphibians the complex arrangement of both arterial systems supporting the choriocapillaris may be regarded as a more complete equivalent of the short posterior ciliary arteries of mammals. PMID- 3497722 TI - 'Neurosecretion' by a classic cholinergic innervation apparatus. A comparative study of adrenal chromaffin glands in four vertebrate species (teleosts, anurans, mammals). AB - Nerve terminals forming typical synapses with adrenal chromaffin tissues have been examined in the goldfish, frog (Rana pipiens), hamster and rat. Presumptive secretory inclusions present in the terminals are of two distinct types. Electron lucent synaptic vesicles 30-50 nm in diameter are densely clustered adjacent to membrane thickenings and presumably discharge their contents into the synaptic clefts. Secretory granules (i.e. large dense-cored vesicles) 60-100 nm in diameter are more abundant in other parts of the terminals. Sites of granule exocytosis have been observed in each of the animals investigated. They are usually encountered within apparently undifferentiated areas of plasmalemma and only rarely occur within synaptic thickenings. Granule exocytosis from within synaptic terminals and chromaffin gland cells is most readily observed in specimens exposed, prior to fixation, to saline solutions containing both tannic acid, and 4-aminopyridine and/or elevated levels of K+. These findings show that the pattern of secretory discharge, involving both synaptic and non-synaptic release, which is widespread in invertebrate central nervous system, is also characteristic of vertebrate, peripheral cholinergic terminals. PMID- 3497724 TI - Cell migration is essential for sustained growth of keratinocyte colonies: the roles of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor. AB - In common methods of cell cultivation, multiplication takes place in cells distributed uniformly or in small colonies and the number of cells increases exponentially. In contrast, an isolated colony of coherent epidermal keratinocytes, as it grows larger, departs drastically from exponential growth, and instead increases its radius at a constant rate over time. The rate of increase of colony radius is 8-fold greater in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 10-fold greater in the presence of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha): the resulting megacolonies may become 30-50 times greater in area and cell number than colonies grown in the absence of the growth factors. Growth of a colony depends on outward migration of the rapidly proliferating cells located in a thin rim close to the colony perimeter. The effect of EGF and TGF-alpha in promoting multiplication must depend on their ability to increase the rate of this cell migration. PMID- 3497723 TI - B cell stimulatory factor-1/interleukin-4 mRNA is expressed by normal and transformed mast cells. AB - BSF-1/interleukin-4, a product of activated T cells, has multiple biological activities that affect cells of most hematopoietic lineages. Among these is the ability of BSF-1 to costimulate the growth of mast cells and regulate the production of IgE. We demonstrate here that BSF-1 mRNA is expressed by a majority of transformed mast cell lines and by 5 IL-3-dependent non-transformed mast cell lines. BSF-1 activity, including the ability to enhance the growth of IL-3 dependent mast cells, was detected in the supernatants of transformed mast cells. The role of BSF-1 as a mast cell growth factor, its constitutive production by transformed mast cells, and the lack of IL-3 production by most of these cells raise the possibility that BSF-1 may act as an autocrine growth factor for some transformed mast cells. Furthermore, production of BSF-1 mRNA by nontransformed cells indicates that mast cells may be an important physiologic source of this factor. PMID- 3497725 TI - Long-term maintenance of monoxygenase activities in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. AB - Fetal hepatocytes cultured in the presence of dexamethasone even in low concentration were maintained alive for several weeks. The expression of monoxygenase in these cells is switched from fetal to adult type. Their aldrin epoxidase and ethoxycoumarin-o-de-ethylase activities were maintained at a high level. Cytochrome P-450 concentration remains stable in these cells throughout the culture period. Cell-cell and cell-biomatrix interactions seem to play an important role in the control of growth, maturation and enzymatic activity expression of the cells in culture. This model may constitute an interesting approach for the study of drug metabolism and drug toxicity in vitro. PMID- 3497726 TI - The role of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in B-cell tolerance. AB - Calcium is an important factor in the immune response. Extracellular calcium is required for antibody production by B lymphocytes. Several investigators have demonstrated that crosslinking of receptors on B lymphocytes by anti-mu antibody induces an increase in intracellular calcium. There are few data on the role of intracellular calcium mobilization or calcium influx in tolerance induction in B cells. We studied changes in free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca+2]i) induced by exposure of dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific B cells to the tolerance inducing conjugate DNP-murine IgG2a (DNP-MGG). Splenic B cells enriched for DNP specific cells and DNP-specific continuous B-cell lines were used for the studies. Exposure of B cells to the tolerogen DNP-MGG, the antigen DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH), or the antigen DNP-Ficoll induced an increase in free [Ca+2]i which was due to both mobilization of Ca+2 from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and influx of extracellular Ca+2. This increase was DNP specific since no significant change was seen with carriers alone and no change was seen in cells that were not DNP specific. The DNP-MGG and DNP-Ficoll induced the same amount of Ca+2 release from ER but the release induced by DNP-KLH was higher. When B cells, which were made tolerant by in vitro incubation with DNP-MGG, were incubated with antigens, a mobilization of Ca+2 from endoplasmic reticulum occurred that was the same as that of nontolerant B cells. Since Ca+2 mobilization is associated with Ig receptor-dependent early B-cell activation, it is likely that the tolerant B cell can still receive an activation signal through the Ig receptors. PMID- 3497727 TI - The regulation by low-density lipoproteins of the activation of oxidative enzyme primed lymphocytes is governed by transferrin. AB - The activation of T lymphocytes was regulated in vitro by low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Not all prereplicative events induced by the oxidative enzymatic mitogens neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO) were susceptible to inhibition by LDL. The accessory cell-independent early blastogenic response was not suppressed. LDL suppressed accessory cell-dependent responses, and the extent of LDL suppression, depended on the concentration of transferrin. A gradient of transferrin determined the point in the cell cycle at which NAGO-primed lymphocytes were suppressed by LDL. When transferrin was low (0-10 micrograms/ml) and in serum-free medium (SFM), LDL suppressed the expression of cell surface receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2R) and transferrin (TfR), the late blastogenic response prior to DNA replication (72 hr), and DNA replication. At higher levels of transferrin, about 100 micrograms/ml, the LDL-suppressed cells were IL-2R+, TfR+ and responsive to IL-2, but did not enter S phase. LDL suppression could be ablated by IL-2 and by high levels of transferrin (250-1000 micrograms/ml). In RPMI medium containing serum (FBS), the pattern of LDL suppression was different from that in SFM: fully activated IL-2R+, TfR+ lymphocytes were unresponsive to exogenous IL-2, suggesting that they were blocked at the G1/S boundary. This block was also relieved by transferrin (greater than 100 micrograms/ml). The data suggest that the interplay between transferrin and LDL is a critical factor in the NAGO-induced stimulation of T lymphocytes. LDL and transferrin exert negative and positive control of lymphocyte activation, respectively. In SFM, LDL appear to alter transferrin utilization by accessory cells; in RPMI-FBS, by fully activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 3497728 TI - Thymic epithelium in vitro. IV. Regulation of growth and mediator production by epidermal growth factor. AB - The regulation of thymic epithelial cell function has been examined using pure cultures of morphologically distinct thymic epithelial cells and the ubiquitous hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF). Small thymic epithelial cells, TECS, had receptors for EGF with high affinity, Kd = 1.2 X 10(-9) M, and exhibited increased DNA synthesis and increased RNA synthesis upon stimulation with EGF. In addition, incubation of TECS monolayers with EGF resulted in enhanced production of prostaglandin E2. In contrast, large thymic epithelial cells, TECL, did not express receptors for EGF and demonstrated no biological response to the hormone. These results suggest the possibility that intrathymic regulation of lymphoid cells may occur via the action of "nonimmunologic" mediators on thymic epithelial cells. They further suggest the more general possibility that immunologic and nonimmunologic hormonal systems may be linked via intersecting cellular pathways. PMID- 3497729 TI - Regulation of T-cell functions by L-lactate. AB - Lactate is a product of glycolytically active macrophages. After stimulation with concanavalin A accessory cell-depleted splenic T-cell populations were found to produce only minute amounts of T-cell growth factor (TCGF); but substantial amounts of TCGF were produced if the cultures were supplemented either with splenic adherent cells or with lactate but not with interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 was capable, however, of supporting TCGF production by the thymoma subline EL4 6.1. TCGF production in cultures of accessory cell-depleted splenic T-cell populations was demonstrable with 10(-3) M L-lactate, and optimal responses (plateau level) were obtained with 4-6 X 10(-2) M L-lactate. Cultures of macrophages were found to accumulate up to 5 X 10(-2) M lactate. Our experiments indicate, therefore, that lactate serves as a regulatory signal by which macrophage-like accessory cells enhance helper-T-cell functions. Lactate is apparently not the only mediator of accessory cell function since plateau levels of TCGF production were markedly lower with lactate than with splenic accessory cells; but L-lactate was found also to determine the magnitude of T-cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in cultures of unfractionated lymphocyte populations. The production of interferon in accessory cell-depleted and concanavalin A-treated T-cell cultures, however, was not significantly affected by lactate. Concanavalin A-stimulated splenic T-cell populations were found to consume glucose rapidly and to release lactate into the supernatant. This indicates that the cells contain more lactate and pyruvate than they can utilize by their respiratory metabolism. The administration of external lactate or pyruvate was found to inhibit the utilization of glucose by the mitogenically stimulated T cells. PMID- 3497730 TI - Nude mice bearing human CSF-producing tumor: analysis of hemopoietic factor(s) acting on primitive stem cells. AB - Previously, we serially transplanted tumors that produced colony-stimulating factor (CSF) into nude mice, who developed marked granulocytosis along with tumor growth; their leukocyte counts reaching approximately one million per cu mm. The numbers of CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-Meg, CFU-S and BFU-E were increased in nude mice bearing CSF-producing tumor. We here report that tumor-conditioned medium (TCM) derived from the CSF-producing tumors had colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and burst-promoting activity (BPA) when normal murine spleen cells as well as normal human bone marrow cells were the target cells. The activity of TCM supported multilineage colony formation in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mouse spleen cells, in which only the primitive population of stem cells was reserved. No interleukin-3 (IL-3) activity was detected in TCM when assayed using the IL-3 dependent cell lines. We conclude that the factor in TCM acts on pluripotent stem cells and on the early progenitor stage of various cell lineages. It is distinct from IL-3. PMID- 3497731 TI - Kinetics of the clonal proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages in cultures of mouse bone marrow cells as supported by two distinct types of colony stimulating factors. AB - Two different types of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) were used to support the clonal growth of myeloid progenitor cells (CFUc) in semi-solid agar or viscous methylcellulose cultures of mouse bone marrow cells. The cultures stimulated for 5 days with RSP-2-P3 cell CSF (CSFRSP) contained mainly granulocyte colonies, whereas the cultures stimulated for 10 days with human urine CSF (CSFhu) contained mainly monocyte/macrophage colonies. Four lines of study were carried out: 1) a kinetic study using combinations of the two types of CSFs in the same culture; 2) a study of transferring CFUc from the initial 3-day cultures to recipient cultures containing the same or different types of CSF; 3) an examination of the morphology over time of colonies that were confined by glass capillaries plunged in agar; and 4) electron microscopic observations on disintegrating granulocytes. The results of all these lines of study suggest that about one third of the CFUc can be stimulated both by CSFRSP and CSFhu while the other two thirds react specifically either with CSFRSP or with CSFhu. The present study also suggests that granulocytes in the culture stop proliferation and disintegrate while macrophages are still growing there. Thus, mixed-type colonies containing both macrophages and granulocytes later become macrophage colonies. PMID- 3497732 TI - [Gelatineous drop-like dystrophy of the cornea: little-known primary localized amyloidosis]. PMID- 3497734 TI - Complement activation in fetuses: assessment by the levels of complement components and split products in cord blood. AB - The whole complement activity (CH50) and concentrations of components (C1q, C3, and C4) and C3 split product (C3d) were determined in the cord blood of 172 newborns between 16 and 42 weeks of gestation. Histological examination of their placentas revealed that the extent of complement activation was significantly higher in those with some degree of inflammation in the amnion than in those with normal amnion. The correlation between the complement levels and gestational age was higher in those with no amnionitis. In some cases the level of C3d at an early gestational age was as high as that in adults. The C3 activation system seems to be well developed even before week 25 of gestation. Among the complement components, C3d was the most sensitive indicator of placenta inflammation. As placenta inflammation may reflect intrauterine infection, the measurement of C3d levels may be of diagnostic value. PMID- 3497733 TI - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) relationships with the cancer-related immunodeficiency: in vitro response to exogenous IL 2 by PHA-activated and non PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cancer patients. AB - The aims of the investigation were: 1) to determine if there are defects in interleukin 2 (IL 2) regulation either on phytohemagluttinin (PHA)-activated or non PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in cancer patients, in order to ascertain the role of IL 2 in this disease, and 2) to carry out preliminary experiments for a direct quantitative evaluation of endogenous IL 2 production by PBMC cultures of cancer patients. An assessment of lymphocytes subsets was also performed with monoclonal antibodies in a selected group of patients. A total of 159 patients entered the study. Cancer sites were: larynx, 49; breast, 42; lung (NSC), 25; colorectal, 18; and gynecologic, 25. In the former 3 cancer sites, staging showed localized or only locally advanced disease and in the later 2 sites it showed disseminated disease. Our results provided evidence that the cancer patients exhibit a T cell functional immunodepression, which progresses during tumor growth, so that the localized disease shows a low grade defect and advanced disease shows a high-grade defect. Our data also clearly suggested that the factor involved with a primary role in this functional immune impairment is the IL 2 deficiency. In our study we have not found a substantial difference of activity between recombinant and nonrecombinant IL 2, although the comparison of the relative activities of the two types of IL 2 is not easy to make, since they are expressed in different ways; however the recombinant one appeared to be slightly more active, probably for the higher purity. Our data also seem to support the perspective of the in vivo therapeutic administration of IL 2 in cancer patients. PMID- 3497735 TI - [In vitro effect of tinidazole in Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas hominis]. PMID- 3497737 TI - Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in two populations of Australian schoolchildren. II. Relative importance of associated factors. AB - In a cross-sectional study of 2363 schoolchildren living in two rural areas of New South Wales, we used a questionnaire to collect details of sex, area of residence, social class, early respiratory illness (ERI), parental history of asthma and recent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and we used skin prick tests to measure atopic status. The relative importance of these factors on the likelihood of children having bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was assessed using a linear modelling analysis. The extent to which these factors affected the severity of BHR was also examined. We found that social class or recent URTI had no association with BHR, that sex and area of residence (inland or coastal) had a small association and that a history of early respiratory illness, a history of asthma in either parent, and atopic status had an important association with BHR. Atopic status was the most important factor. The proportion of children with atopy, with ERI or with parental asthma increased as the severity of BHR increased. The odds ratio for moderate or severe BHR doubled if either ERI or parental asthma was present in addition to atopy and there was a six-fold increase if all three factors were present together. The identification of these risk factors makes it possible to predict which children in the community are most likely to have BHR, and which children are at high risk for having more severe levels of BHR. PMID- 3497736 TI - Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in two populations of Australian schoolchildren. I. Relation to respiratory symptoms and diagnosed asthma. AB - In order to explore the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to inhaled histamine, respiratory symptoms and diagnosed asthma in children, we undertook a cross-sectional study of 2363 Australian schoolchildren aged 8-11 years. The methods used included a self-administered questionnaire to parents, which was shown to have a high degree of repeatability, and a histamine inhalation test to measure bronchial responsiveness (BR). The study showed that 17.9% of children had BHR, defined as a 20% fall in FEV1 at a provoking dose of histamine (PD20 FEV1) of less than 7.8 mumol. The distribution of PD20 FEV1 appeared to be continuous. Most children with PD20 FEV1 values less than 1.0 mumol had symptoms of asthma. However, 6.7% of children had BHR without symptoms or a previous diagnosis of asthma and 5.6% had had a diagnosis of asthma but had no BHR. Although there was a good association between BHR and respiratory symptoms, questionnaire data of wheeze and diagnosed asthma do not reflect accurately the level of BHR in the community. We conclude that cross-sectional studies of BR to identify children with BHR probably do not reflect the prevalence of asthma in populations of children. However, the strong association between BHR and symptoms, particularly in children with severe and moderate BHR, suggests that measurements of BR in populations are useful for defining a group of children whose airways behave differently from those of the majority. Prospective studies are needed to define the level of BHR that is associated with important sequelae. PMID- 3497738 TI - Autoimmune cranial diabetes insipidus: its association with other endocrine diseases and with histiocytosis X. AB - Thirty-nine patients with idiopathic cranial diabetes insipidus (DI) and 81 secondary to hypothalamic lesions were investigated for the presence both of associated autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies. Eleven (28%) of the idiopathic but none of the secondary DI cases had an overt autoimmune disease. A further two patients with idiopathic DI had associated organ-specific autoantibodies. Autoantibodies to vasopressin (AVP)-secreting hypothalamic cells were detected in 12 patients with idiopathic DI (31%). Seven out of 13 cases of DI secondary to histiocytosis X (HX) were also positive (54%), whereas only two (3%) of the other 68 sera from patients with secondary DI reacted with AVP cels. Of the 13 patients with DI associated with frank organ-specific autoimmune diseases or autoantibodies alone, eight (62%) were positive for AVP-cell antibodies. The finding of associated autoimmune diseases in a patient with idiopathic DI is therefore suggestive of an autoimmune origin of DI, and this can be supported by the detection in the serum of AVP cell antibodies. In cases of HX, the new finding of the presence of AVP-cell antibodies reflects hypothalamic infiltration by HX cells, and suggests that DR + 'Langerhans-like' cells play more than a passive role in the hypothalamic lesion. PMID- 3497740 TI - Increased concentration of serum IgA antibody to pneumococcal polysaccharides in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - It has been postulated that IgA nephropathy (IgAGN) is caused by deposition within the glomerular mesangium of IgA polymers and IgA containing immune complexes which are overproduced in response to antigens presented at mucosal surfaces. To test this, the concentrations of specific antibodies to capsular polysaccharides from pneumococci, which are common commensal and/or pathogenic bacteria in the respiratory tract, have been measured. Sera from 35 patients with IgAGN, six with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), eight with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and six with Goodpasture's syndrome (GPS), and from 20 controls (C) were assayed. The concentrations of IgG and IgA antibodies specific for each of five pneumococcal polysaccharides (serotypes 2, 7F, 9N, 14 and 23F) were determined by ELISA. The results from the SLE, MGN and GPS patients were pooled and used as a control group of patients with forms of nephritis other than IgAGN (patient controls, PC). Groups were compared using the Wilcoxon test or the Chi square test. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of IgG antibody to any of the serotypes between the IgAGN and normals, but the PC sera had significantly lower concentrations than either the IgAGN or normals. By contrast, there were no differences between the PC and C in the proportion with detectable IgA antibody to four of the serotypes, but this was significantly increased in IgAGN. There was insufficient IgA antibody to serotype 2 to detect in the assay system used. It is concluded that IgAGN patients have greater concentrations of IgA antibodies, but not IgG, to these pneumococcal polysaccharides, compared with normal controls or patients with other forms of nephritis. PMID- 3497739 TI - Induction of Fc receptors for IgA on murine T cell hybridoma by human monoclonal IgA and by high molecular weight IgA in IgA nephropathy. AB - A reproducible immunocyto-adherence assay has been developed to study the modulation of Fc receptors for IgA (Fc alpha R), using a murine T cell hybridoma (T2D4), which expresses Fc receptors for all known isotypes of secreted immunoglobulins. By using sheep red blood cells coated with the hapten 2-4-6 trinitrophenyl (TNP), as indicator cells, and a murine monoclonal IgA (MOPC 315) antibody with anti-TNP activity, we were able to study the Fc alpha R on T2D4 cells. We found that: (a) murine Fc alpha R can bind human monoclonal IgA, and this binding is isotype specific since it was inhibited by human monoclonal IgA but not by human monoclonal IgG or IgM; (b) the expression of murine Fc alpha R is unducible by human monoclonal IgA, and this effect is isotype specific since it is not observed with human monoclonal IgM or IgG (c) sera from patients with IgA nephropathy can also induce Fc alpha R expression; by contrast, no induction was observed with normal human sera, (d) in one serum from an IgA-nephropathy patient, the inducer factor was characterized by affinity chromatography on anti IgA-Sepharose and by gel filtration: high molecular weight IgA, probably IgA aggregates or immune complexes were recognized to be responsible for the induction of murine Fc alpha R expression. PMID- 3497741 TI - Effect of the anticomplementary agent, K-76 monocarboxylic acid, on experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis in rats. AB - We examined the effect of the anticomplementary agent K-76 monocarboxylic acid (K 76COOH), which is known to inhibit C5 activity, on immune complex glomerulonephritis in rats. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis was induced in rats by subcutaneous immunization and daily intravenous administration of BSA. K 76COOH (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally twice daily for 4 weeks. It was shown that K-76COOH would significantly reduce the development of proteinuria in the early stage of BSA nephritis, but it failed to suppress proteinuria in the late stage. There was no significant difference in glomerular changes between treated animals and non-treated controls. These findings suggest that C5, and the terminal complement components may play a significant role in protein excretion in the early stage of immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3497743 TI - Transfer of spleen cells expanded by T cell growth factor suppresses arthritis induced in rats. AB - The effects of transfer of T cell growth factor (TCGF)-expanded spleen cells after concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation into syngeneic Lewis rats were studied. The recipient rats were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant for induction of adjuvant arthritis (AA) or chick type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant for induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) on day 0. Each of 5 X 10(7) cultured cells without mitogenic stimulation, 2 X 10(7) Con A-stimulated cells, or 1 X 10(7) TCGF-expanded cells cultured for 8 days (4 days X 2 culture cycles) after Con A stimulation was given on days 0 and 7. Both transfers of the cultured cells without stimulation and TCGF-expanded cells markedly diminished the severity of AA and CIA. On the contrary, transfer of Con A-stimulated cells led to no suppressive activity. In addition, transfer to TCGF-expanded cells significantly lowered the titre of anti-type II collagen antibody compared to that of control rats. The transfer of 1 X 10(7) TCGF-expanded cells was optimal for suppressing AA, in terms of cell number. This observation suggests that these cells were much more effective than were the unstimulated cultured cells, for which more than five times the number was required for the same suppressive activity. As far as the phenotypic proportion of helper (W3/13) and suppressor (OX-8) cells is concerned, we found no significant differences between the cultured cell groups and the freshly separated spleen cell group. The precise mechanism of these suppressive effects is the subject of further study. The transfer of TCGF-expanded cells appears to have a potent immunomodulatory effect. PMID- 3497742 TI - Spontaneous production of B cell growth factors by SLE lymphocytes. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus blood lymphocytes produce B cell growth factors (BCGF) spontaneously to an extent comparable with pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from normal donors. BCGF production by SLE lymphocytes is not increased by PWM and these cells are refractory to exogenous BCGF. Production requires B cells and irradiated T cells but not accessory cells. The properties of spontaneously synthesized BCGF differ in some respects from those induced by PWM. These findings suggest that the abnormal B cell proliferation characteristic of SLE may result, at least in part, from autostimulatory growth factors. PMID- 3497744 TI - Combined familial C7 and C4B deficiency in an adult with meningococcal disease. AB - A case of meningococcal septicaemia is reported in an adult with a deficiency of the seventh component of complement combined with a deficiency of the B locus product of C4. A family study demonstrated that the two deficiencies were not linked. This is the first time that the individual alleles of C4 were determined in a patient with a deficiency of one component of the terminal pathway. It is possible that the heterogeneous clinical picture of a terminal pathway deficiency may, in part, be explained by the co-existence of other subtle complement defects. PMID- 3497745 TI - LPS augments human B-cell differentiation by direct stimulation of PWM-responsive B cells. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augments production of IgM and IgG by two- to seven-fold in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM), but only if monocytes are rigorously depleted. When PBL were separated into adherent cell (AC), B-cell-enriched, and T-cell-enriched fractions, pulsed with LPS, and recombined in culture with PWM, increased generation of plasma cells was seen only in cultures containing LPS-treated B cells. This effect of LPS appears to be independent of soluble factors. Supernatants from LPS-stimulated B cells or AC did not consistently increase PWM responses when cultured with fresh B cells in the presence of polymyxin B. Furthermore, pulsing of B cells with purified interleukin 1 from two different commercial sources failed to augment PWM-induced differentiation. When B cells were depleted of surface IgD (sIgD)-bearing cells by panning, no effect on LPS mediated augmentation of PWM-driven differentiation was seen. B cells were also fractionated by rosetting with mouse erythrocytes. Treatment of BMR+ cells with LPS did not induce them to respond to PWM, while treatment of BMR- cells with LPS augmented generation of plasma cells. These results indicate that LPS acts directly to augment differentiation of PWM-responsive B cells, rather than recruiting sIgD+, BMR+ cells to become PWM responsive. PMID- 3497746 TI - Anticardiolipin antibodies in unselected autoimmune rheumatic disease patients. AB - Quantitative determination of IgG and IgM antibodies to cardiolipin (anti-CL) was performed with a newly developed sensitive and specific ELISA method. We studied a cohort of 361 unselected patients with various autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD), 69 patients with thromboembolic phenomena (TEP) unassociated with ARD, and 267 healthy blood donors (HBD). Anti-CL of at least one immunoglobulin class were found in 42 (11.6%) of the ARD patients, in 3 (4.3%) of the TEP patients (2 with myocardial infarction and 1 with pulmonary emboli), and in 6 (2.3%) of the HBD. In ARD patients anti-CL were more prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and overlap syndromes. Significant correlations included CNS involvement (particularly seizures) and features of immune hyperreactivity (splenomegaly-lymphadenopathy, ANA, and antibodies to Ro(SSA), U1-nRNP, and double-stranded DNA). No statistical correlation could be demonstrated between the presence of anti-CL and thrombotic events, hematologic disorders, or recurrent abortions in the ARD patients. PMID- 3497747 TI - The poor accessory cell function of macrophages in the rat may reflect their inability to form clusters with T cells. AB - The accessory cell functions of Ia+ alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were compared to those of splenic cells in the rat. Whereas splenic mononuclear cells and dendritic cells were excellent supporters of both MHC-restricted and nonrestricted T-cell mitogenic responses, Ia+ macrophages were inefficient antigen-presenting cells and poor supporters of lectin mitogenic responses. Binding of antigen-primed T-cell blasts by splenic cells in the presence of Con A or antigen occurred within 30 min and subsequently led to the formation of nonadherent clusters of "dendritic-like cells" and proliferating T-cell blasts. Unstimulated Ia- macrophages failed to bind T cells during 30 min of coculture but formed conjugates with T-cell blasts within 24 hr. Delayed binding did not require the presence of antigen or lectin, or the expression of Ia antigens by the macrophage, and did not lead to T-cell proliferation. Antigen-specific binding and antigen presentation, but not lectin mitogenesis, were enhanced by treating antigen-pulsed Ia+ macrophages with neuraminidase for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Neuraminidase did not augment splenic accessory cell function. Antigen specific binding of T cells to Ia+ macrophages and accessory cell function may be enhanced by desialation of glycoproteins on the cell surface membrane. PMID- 3497748 TI - Differences in sensitivity to melphalan between con A-activated and nonactivated human T-cell subsets. AB - In vitro treatment with melphalan (L-PAM, L-phenylalanine mustard), 2 micrograms/2 X 10(6) cells, significantly decreased the total number of E-rosette positive (E+) T lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) of healthy human donors as well as those of the OKT4 (precursor suppressor/helper/inducer T cells) and OKT17 populations (suppressor cells within the OKT4 subset). The OKT8 population (cytotoxic/mature suppressor cells) was not affected by a similar L-PAM treatment. The sensitivity of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated E+ T-cell populations to subsequent L-PAM treatment in vitro was different from that of Con A-untreated T cells: Thus, L-PAM treatment did not affect the expression of OKT3 and OKT4 antigens, increased the percentage of OKT17 cells, and inhibited the expression of OKT8 antigen. Depletion of OKT8 from Con A-activated E+ T cells (OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17+) did not affect their suppressive activity on PHA stimulation in L-PAM-treated as well as untreated cells. Further depletion of OKT17+ cells from the OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17+ subset (OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17-) abolished the suppressive effect on PHA stimulation. Suppressive activity of the OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17- subset was again evident after treatment of this population with L-PAM. The results obtained indicate that the sensitivity to L-PAM treatment of various T-cell phenotypes is changed by Con A activation and that after depletion of specific T suppressor cells L-PAM seems affect the immunoregulatory circuit within the Con A-activated OKT4 subset. PMID- 3497749 TI - HLA typing data on 100 type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients from central Italy show a negative association with DR5 rather than with DR2. AB - HLA typing of 100 Type 1 diabetic patients from the Rome area confirmed the strong association with DR3 and DR4 and the prevalence of DR3/4 heterozygotes. However, DR5 rather than DR2 showed a significantly negative association. PMID- 3497750 TI - Abrogation of the local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction by preinjection of cimetidine to the immunosuppressed host rats: an experimental model for testing preclinical immunorestorative activity in vivo. AB - The local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction (XGVHR) is mediated by competent T lymphocytes. It was effectively used as a practical bioassay to assess the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of several drugs on cells derived from cancer patients. A modified version of the XGVHR model was recently developed primarily for preclinical evaluation of in vivo immunorestoration induced by experimental biological response modifiers (BRMs). A well-defined biological response modifier, cimetidine, was injected into Cytoxan-primed rats prior to their inoculation with xenogeneic human mononuclear cells. The cimetidine treatment induced a partial abrogation of the immunosuppressive effect of Cytoxan as manifested by a significant decline in the volume of the XGVHR from 115.23 +/- 15.72 mm3 (positive control) to 67.3 +/- 11.41 mm3 (P less than 0.01). This abrogation of Cytoxan-induced immunosuppression by cimetidine was incomplete since the XGVHR without Cytoxan (negative control, saline only) was still significantly lower (45.12 +/- 4.55 mm3; P less than 0.01). The effect of cimetidine injection in vivo appeared to be dose dependent and did not exhibit any nonspecific toxic effect to the mononuclear cell inoculum. These results indicate that the model can serve as a useful tool in the preclinical evaluation of newly developed immunorestorative biological response modifiers. PMID- 3497752 TI - Abstracts: XIth European Congress of Rheumatology. Athens, Greece, 28th June-4th July 1987. PMID- 3497751 TI - Pharmacologic effects on the expression of class II histocompatibility antigen in experimental endotoxin-induced uveitis. AB - Systemic dexamethasone, cyclosporine A, colchicine, indomethacin, and cobra venom factor were administered to Lewis rats that were then challenged with 100 micrograms of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin. The effects of these five pharmacologic agents in endotoxin-induced uveitis were studied by analyzing their effects on ocular inflammation and on the expression of class II antigen of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the epithelium of the ciliary body and iris. All the agents used in our study exhibited anti-inflammatory effects but only dexamethasone was able to inhibit significantly the expression of Ia antigen on the uveal epithelium. This demonstrates a dissociation between the inflammation and class II antigen expression and supports our previous data that class II antigen presentation may precede the inflammatory infiltrates. The alteration of ocular inflammation and especially the variation of Ia antigen expression in the uveal tissue may provide insight into the mechanism of action and the success of different pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of uveitis. PMID- 3497753 TI - [Global low perfusion and latent ischemic lesions disclosed by PET and MRI in polycythemia hypertonica]. PMID- 3497754 TI - [A family study of the association between X-linked bulbospinal muscular atrophy (Kennedy-Alter-Sung type) and color blindness protan]. PMID- 3497755 TI - Modulation of immune function in cancer patients. AB - This paper will focus on three aspects of work which we have conducted in our laboratory over the past several years. Firstly, it will present results of studies in which we have found a selective inhibition of suppressor cell function in solid tumor cancer patients treated with cytotoxic drugs. Secondly, it will show that this selective inhibition results in an augmentation of other forms of immune reactivity and, in particular, an enhanced interleukin-2 production and response to this. Finally, it will demonstrate how we have made use of that information to intervene pharmacologically to modulate the immunosuppression which usually follows the use of cytotoxic drugs in solid tumor cancer patients. PMID- 3497756 TI - The effect of fluoridated milk on caries in Arab children. Results after 3 years. PMID- 3497757 TI - Linkage analysis between maturity-onset type diabetes in young people (MODY) and HLA. AB - Linkage analysis between HLA-A, B, C, D-antigens and maturity-onset diabetes of young people (MODY) was performed in a large kindred including 16 affected members. Close linkage could be excluded. The highest z-value was 0.279 for a recombination fraction of theta = 0.05. PMID- 3497758 TI - Differences in lipid and lipoprotein levels in white, black and Asian non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetics with hypertension. AB - We have examined the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (defined as representing fasting serum cholesterol greater than 7.1 mmol/L; fasting serum triglyceride greater than 2.1 mmol/L) in 188 hypertensive type 2 diabetics of different ethnic groups. The overall prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was 36.0% with hypertriglyceridaemia at 25% being more frequent than hypercholesterolaemia at 19%. Blacks at 20.5% had strikingly less hyperlipidaemia than whites at 43.3% (p less than 0.01) and Asians, at 53.7% (p less than 0.001). This ethnic difference was noted for each variety of hyperlipidaemia, being most marked for hypertriglyceridaemia. Reflecting these data blacks had lower mean triglyceride levels than whites (p less than 0.001) and Asians (p less than 0.01). In addition, blacks had higher HDL-cholesterol than whites (p less than 0.01) and Asians (p less than 0.001) and HDL2-cholesterol was higher in blacks than Asians (p less than 0.001). In summary we have confirmed that in hypertensive type 2 diabetics similar ethnic differences of lipid and lipoprotein levels exist as that in non-diabetics. In light of the common occurrence of hyperlipidaemia in the white and Asian hypertensive type 2 diabetic, it may be appropriate to screen for this abnormality. However, in black hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects this would be less rewarding. PMID- 3497759 TI - Natural killer (NK) cells at inflammatory sites of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and IgM rheumatoid factor positive polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - NK cell activity and Leu 7+ cells were determined in mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and IgM rheumatoid factor positive polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). NK cell activity was measured in a 51Cr release assay and the Leu 7 positive cells were enumerated in indirect immunofluorescence. The mean NK cell activity +/- SEM was reduced in MNC from peripheral blood (PB), synovial fluid (SF) and synovial membranes (SM's) of patients with RA, with the values of 19.5 +/- 1.4 (p less than 0.00003), 18.3 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.009) and 2.9 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.0003) respectively, compared with 26.1 +/- 1.4 in MNC from the PB of healthy controls. The mean percentages of Leu 7 positive cells in MNC from PB and SF on patients with RA were normal while the mean percentage of Leu 7+ cells in MNC eluted from SM's was significantly reduced as compared to that of MNC from PB of healthy controls (p less than 0.0006). In JRA similar results concerning NK activity and Leu 7 positive cells were found but the number of experiments was too low for statistical analysis. MNC from the SF, in contrast to that of BP and SM, had a significant cytotoxicity against the Raji cell line which is a non-NK cell target. PMID- 3497762 TI - First European ANA Symposium. Leuven, Belgium, 24-25 May 1984. Proceedings. PMID- 3497760 TI - Interstitial lung disease as the presentation of anti-Jo-1 positive polymyositis. AB - A patient presenting with interstitial lung disease was predicted to have underlying polymyositis when found to be anti-Jo-1 antibody positive. When myopathy developed later with elevated serum creatine phosphokinase and myoglobin levels, the electromyogram was nonmyopathic, and polymyositis was confirmed by muscle biopsy. The case illustrates the value of anti-Jo-1 as a 'marker' autoantibody for polymyositis, and the need for thorough investigation of patients with interstitial lung disease of uncertain etiology. This should include indirect immunofluorescence using a dividing cell substrate and tests for antibodies to extractable tissue antigens. The need to completely evaluate patients with dermatopolymyositis is also emphasised. PMID- 3497761 TI - International symposium for health professionals in rheumatology. Pellenberg, 11 12 September 1986. Abstracts. PMID- 3497763 TI - Specificity and sensitivity of antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies in the diagnosis and follow-up of systemic diseases. PMID- 3497764 TI - Hypotheses on basic mechanisms arising from recent research: antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 3497765 TI - Nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens and antibodies--antibody profiles. PMID- 3497766 TI - Clinical comparison of one in vitro and three in-line blood gas PO2 sensors during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - During 17 cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) operations, arterial PO2 measurements were taken at 5 min intervals using four different types of PO2 sensor; three in-line (CardioMet-1000, Polytrode, and Gas-Stat) and one blood gas analyser (IL-1302). Comparisons between sensors were made relative to the CardioMet-1000. The three in-line sensors showed close agreement. The mean and standard deviation of the difference between the Gas-Stat and the CardioMet-1000 was 0.7 +/- 4.7 kPa, and between the Polytrode and the CardioMet-1000 was -1.4 +/- 4.0 kPa. Agreement between the IL-1302 blood gas analyser and CardioMet-1000 was not as good, the difference being -7.0 +/- 8.6 kPa. PMID- 3497767 TI - Collagen synthesis and degradation in vivo. Evidence for rapid rates of collagen turnover with extensive degradation of newly synthesized collagen in tissues of the adult rat. AB - Collagen turnover is now known to occur more rapidly in body tissues than traditionally believed, but the kinetics and mechanisms for degradation are still poorly understood. Here we measure collagen synthesis rates and the proportion of newly synthesized collagen (probably procollagen) which is rapidly degraded, in tissues of the adult rat after injection of [14C]-proline with a large "flooding" dose of unlabelled proline. Incorporation of [14C]-proline into lung, heart, skeletal muscle and skin collagen and its appearance as hydroxy [14C]-proline, free or in small molecular weight moieties, at various times up to one hour, suggested extremely rapid synthesis and degradation for some tissues of the adult rat. Values in heart, lung, skeletal muscle and skin (with the proportion of degradation of newly synthesized collagen shown in parentheses) were 5.2 +/- 0.7%/day (53 +/- 5%), 9.0 +/- 0.7%/day (37 +/- 2%), 2.2 +/- 0.3%/day (38 +/- 7%) and 4.4 +/- 1.3%/day (8.8 +/- 0.5%). These data provide in vivo evidence, which are consistent with the observation in isolated cells, that a proportion of newly synthesized collagen is degraded rapidly, and probably intracellularly, after its synthesis. They also indicate that collagen may be synthesized and degraded rapidly in normal rat tissues, but the mean turnover rates and the proportions of collagen degraded intracellularly vary widely between tissues. PMID- 3497768 TI - Interaction of bovine immunoglobulins with complement. AB - Whereas complement (C) in rabbit serum (CR) was bound by bovine antibodies in seven different IgG1 preparations, only two IgG1 preparations could bind the C in guinea pig serum (CGP). Addition of the Clq component of CR to CGP was alone sufficient to render the C-cascade in CGP activable in the presence of bovine erythrocytes sensitized with specific antisera, i.e. reagents. Normal bovine serum was also capable of restoring the haemolytic activity of CGP. However, the bovine serum was much more temperature sensitive than was CR and, as was observed in the sera from MZ twins, it showed considerable variation both in titre values and in prozones when added to CGP. PMID- 3497769 TI - Evidence that epidermal growth factor is present in swiftlet's (Collocalia) nest. AB - 1. An epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity was detected and partially purified from swiftlet's nest extract. 2. The partially purified EGF-like activity was able to (a) generate competitive binding curves parallel to the standard curves in radioreceptor assay and (b) stimulate thymidine incorporation in quiescent culture of 3T3 fibroblasts and the latter activity can be suppressed by mouse EGF antibody. 3. Partial characterization of the EGF-like activity in terms of pI, molecular weight and its behavior on gel filtration column suggest that it bears similar physical properties to the EGFs isolated from the mouse and the shrew. PMID- 3497770 TI - Comparison of myosin light chain phosphorylation in uterine and arterial smooth muscles. AB - 1. The phosphorylatable light chain from uterine and arterial smooth muscles appear as four spots on two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms due to the existence of isoforms which may be non-, mono- or diphosphorylated. 2. The phosphorylation sites are serine and threonine residues; the phosphoserine to phosphothreonine ratio is smaller, and the extent of diphosphorylation is larger in uterus than in artery. 3. Different phosphorylation values found at identical tension levels and identical phosphorylation values found at different tension levels narrow the role of light chain phosphorylation to the activation of smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 3497771 TI - Adenosine-5-monophosphate catabolism in frog liver. AB - 1. AMP catabolism in frog liver extract was found to proceed exclusively through the formation of IMP. Further metabolism of IMP is relatively slow. 2. Among the enzymes involved in AMP catabolism, AMP deaminase is most active and adenosine deaminase and AMP 5'-nucleotidase exhibit only 20 and 10% of AMP deaminase activity respectively. PMID- 3497772 TI - Comparative study of ferredoxin-linked and oxygen-metabolizing enzymes of trichomonads. AB - 1. The activities of pyruvate:methyl viologen oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1), hydrogenase (EC 1.18.99.1), NADH:methyl viologen oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.3), NADPH:methyl viologen oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.1), NADH oxidase (EC 1.6.99.3) and NADPH oxidase (EC 1.6.99.1) were determined for Trichomonas vaginalis, Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomitus batrachorum. 2. The three trichomonad species were found to differ significantly, especially with respect to NADH oxidase and NADH:methyl viologen oxidoreductase activities. 3. The species differences in ferredoxin-linked and oxygen-metabolising enzymes may be related to the ways in which the trichomonads are adapted for growth in their respective hosts. PMID- 3497773 TI - Identification of a spontaneously shed fragment of B cell complement receptor type two (CR2) containing the C3d-binding site. AB - CR2 is a 140-kilodalton glycoprotein expressed on B lymphocytes which binds to both C3d and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The present study identified a 72 kilodalton C3d-binding protein (gp72) in the spent culture media of Raji B lymphoblastoid cells as a spontaneously shed fragment of the 140-kilodalton CR2 molecule. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (AB) were used in several assay systems to detect antigenic determinants shared between the gp72 fragment and CR2. Rabbit antibodies to either intact CR2 or gp72 blocked C3d receptor activity, and this inhibitory activity was removed by absorption of anti-CR2 with purified gp72.OKB7, a monoclonal anti-CR2 AB that blocks both C3d and EBV binding to CR2, reacted specifically with both CR2 and gp72, whereas both anti-B2 and HB 5 monoclonal anti-CR2 AB, that block neither of these receptor sites, were unreactive with gp72. The data suggested that the gp72 fragment was not present as such in intact cells, but rather was a product of cells generated by proteolysis of CR2. Thus, intrinsically labeled gp72 was isolated from Raji cell media by affinity chromatography on OKB7-Sepharose, but only intact CR2 was isolated from the Raji cell fraction solubilized in the presence of protease inhibitors. Several lines of evidence suggested that gp72 was not a second type of C3d receptor that was distinct from CR2. First, Raji cells expressed nearly identical amounts of OKB7 and HB-5 epitopes when analyzed by flow cytometry or radioimmune assay, excluding the possibility that B cells expressed OKB7 antigens in both CR2 and a distinct HB-5-negative C3d receptor. Second, all Raji cell surface C3d receptor activity was associated with HB-5-reactive CR2 molecules. We conclude that gp72 represents a spontaneously shed proteolytic fragment of CR2 that contains the C3d-binding site and the closely associated OKB7 epitope. PMID- 3497774 TI - Complement activation by human lymphocytes from different lymphoid organs: role of sialic acid and lack of relationship to electrical surface charge. AB - A study was made of the complement activation (CA) capacity of human lymphocytes from lymphoid organs. Whereas thymocytes did not show complement membrane fluorescence (CMF) following incubation in normal homologous serum (NHS), a mean of 18 and 34%, respectively, of tonsil and spleen cells were positive for antihuman C3 fluorescent serum. Isolated T cells did not show CA capacity, while 62% of a purified tonsil B population possessed this capacity. The CMF was abolished by adding EDTA and when the incubation was performed in C1q and factor D-depleted serum. Addition of EGTA, supplemented with MgCl2 to NHS failed to abolish the fluorescence, indicating that the alternative pathway was involved in the phenomenon. Removal of sialic acid with neuraminidase increased the percentage of cells showing CMF. Since sialic acid significantly contributes to the extent of net negative surface charge, we have studied whether this parameter influences the CA capacity. Tonsil B cells were separated in fractions with different electrophoretic mobility by preparative cell electrophoresis, and similar percentages of CMF-positive cells were found in all fractions. Therefore, it is likely that the capacity to activate complement is unrelated to the membrane electrical charge. PMID- 3497775 TI - Sequential immunophenotypic study of lymphoid infiltrate in allergic and irritant reactions. AB - Sequential biopsies (4-72 h) of early allergic and irritant patch test reactions have been examined immunohistologically for reactivity with 19 monoclonal antibodies against antigens on lymphoid cells in order to investigate the nature/origin of the infiltrating lymphoid cells and assess their state of activation/proliferation. The composition of the infiltrates was similar in allergic and irritant reactions and consisted of T-lymphocytes of helper/inducer types in association with T-cell accessory cells, i.e., Langerhans cells and HLA DR-positive macrophages. No differences in expression of T-cell or macrophage associated antigens were seen in early as opposed to late biopsies. In contrast, the proportion of cells positive for markers associated with activation (interleukin-2 receptor) or proliferation (transferrin receptor, the Ki-67 nuclear antigen) of lymphoid cells was found to increase with time in both types of reaction. These data substantiate the view that T-cell immune reactions are implicated in both allergic and toxic patch test lesions, and indicate that the lymphocytes in the infiltrates are activated and proliferate. PMID- 3497776 TI - Estimates of post-partum bleeding. AB - Post-partum bleeding was estimated during the first 72 hours in 106 women with normal delivery at term, all had live child with a body weight between 2.5 and 3.5 Kg. Three groups of women were studied: Group 1 comprised 41 volunteers with normal deliveries to whom no medication had been administered; Group 2 comprised 39 volunteers receiving 20 IU of oxytocin in 250 ml of a 5% glucose solution, immediately after delivery; and in Group 3, 26 volunteers received 0.2 mg of ergonovine maleate, orally three times daily for three days. The average post partum blood loss in Group 1 during the first 72 hours after delivery was 151.5 +/- 12.5 ml; for Group 2, 155.9 +/- 13.9 ml; and for Group 3, 135.5 +/- 15.9 ml. There were no significant differences among the groups and, most of the blood loss occurred during the first 24 hours after delivery. PMID- 3497777 TI - The effect of post-partum IUD insertion on post-partum bleeding. AB - Post-partum bleeding was measured for 72 hours in 66 volunteer healthy women after normal pregnancy and delivery at term. After complete placenta expulsion, a 220C Copper T was placed by the attending physician in 33 volunteer subjects before leaving the delivery room. Similar number of volunteer subjects served as a control. Post-partum bleeding during the 72 hours of study was 134.7 +/- 16.3 ml for the IUD group and 155.9 +/- 16.0 ml for the control group. No differences were detected among the two groups. Hemoglobin levels were the same for both groups, being at 72 hours after delivery, 11.9 +/- 0.28 gm/ml for the IUD group and 12.2 +/- 0.36 for controls. None of the women with immediate post-partum IUD insertion had any changes in the normal characteristics of their post-partum period. PMID- 3497778 TI - Enzymatic activities in the iris-ciliary body of the rabbit eye during experimentally induced acute ocular inflammation. AB - Intravitreal injection of 5 micrograms of Shigella endotoxin, in the rabbit eye, induced an acute inflammatory response which was characterised by conjunctival hyperaemia, limbal and ciliary vascular injection, iritis, aqueous flare, miosis and reduction in intraocular pressure. Iris-ciliary body tissues, from normal and inflamed eyes, were fractionated into subcellular enriched fractions and the activities and distribution of selected enzymes were estimated. Alkaline phosphatase, a plasma membrane-bound enzyme, showed an increase in activity, whereas succinate dehydrogenase and Mn-Superoxide dismutase, both mitochondrial bound enzymes, exhibited decreased activities. Lysosomal acid phosphatase displayed an increase in free activity and retention of latent activity inside the organelle. No alteration in free activity was shown by acid cathepsin. The cholinesterases did not exhibit any changes in activities nor did the cytosolic enzymes Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase. The decrease activity of the respiratory mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase may contribute to the reduction in intraocular pressure, and the ability of the lysosomal organelles to retain their hydrolytic enzymes, ensures recovery of the cell from acute inflammatory attack. PMID- 3497780 TI - Comparison of sustained-release with standard tiaprofenic acid in the treatment of rheumatic diseases in general practice. AB - An open, parallel-group study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a sustained-release capsule formulation of tiaprofenic acid at a dosage of 600 mg once daily with standard 300 mg tiaprofenic acid tablets given twice daily. Four hundred and eighty-five general practice patients with rheumatic disease requiring long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly allocated to receive, in a ratio of 3:1, either 2 X 300 mg sustained-release capsules at night or standard 300 mg tablets twice daily for a treatment period of 3 months. Pain, impairment of function and duration of morning stiffness were assessed at Week 0 (after a 3-day washout period) and at the end of Weeks 4, 8 and 12. Side-effects and compliance were also recorded at the end of Weeks 4, 8 and 12. Eighty-one (16.7%) patients withdrew from the study, with no significant difference in the withdrawal rates for the two treatment groups. Both treatment groups showed significant improvements clinically during tiaprofenic acid treatment; there were no significant differences between the two groups at Weeks 4, 8 or 12, nor were there any significant differences between the two treatment groups in the number of patients reporting side-effects at any of the assessments. In total, 36% of patients reported side-effects during the trial. The results indicate that both formulations are effective, well-tolerated treatments for rheumatic disease in general practice. PMID- 3497779 TI - Uveal IgG distribution: regulation by electrostatic interactions. AB - The differential distribution of albumin and IgG within various intraocular tissues suggests that charge rather than serum concentration plays an important role in regulating the distribution of certain molecules within the eye. The presence of anionic sites within the uveal tract indirectly regulates the localization and binding of cationic IgG by electrostatic interactions. Our studies indicate that circulating cationic IgG antibodies of pI 9.0-10.0 readily traverse the fenestrated capillaries in the ciliary body/processes and choriocapillaris and bind within vessel walls and stromal anionic regions and Bruch's membrane. Since there is normally no IgG produced within the non inflamed, quiescent eye, this regulatory mechanism is potentially important in mediating immunologic protection within the uvea. PMID- 3497781 TI - Association of HLA-DR with sarcoidosis. Correlation with clinical course. AB - HLA-DR typing was performed in 58 Japanese patients with sarcoidosis. We found a significantly increased frequency of HLA-DRw52 (p less than 0.0007; pc less than 0.009) and DR5J (p less than 0.004; pc less than 0.05). (Corrected probability value is given as pc.) In 34 of 58 patients the disease resolved spontaneously. There was no significant difference between the frequency of DRw52 and the resolution rate of disease. The frequency of DR5J was increased significantly in the unresolved cases. Our results also suggest that DRw52 is concerned with onset of sarcoidosis and DR5J antigen has an effect on the clinical course of this disease. PMID- 3497782 TI - ARDS following equine ATG therapy. PMID- 3497783 TI - [Antinuclear antibody profile of progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 3497784 TI - [Changes in CSF-LDH isoenzymes in cerebrospinal tumors]. PMID- 3497785 TI - [Massive hemorrhage of the lower gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3497786 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of murine splenic B lymphocyte cytosolic free calcium response to anti-IgM and anti-IgD. AB - The accurate measurement of ionized intracellular calcium [Ca++]i in single cells by flow cytometry with the use of a new fluorescent calcium chelator, indo-1, is described. We have developed a dependable in situ calibration technique that indicates a resting [Ca++]i in lymphocytes of 100 nM. The enhanced fluorescence of this probe permits its use at sufficiently low cytoplasmic concentrations that buffering of [Ca++]i transients does not occur. The [Ca++]i response of small resting B lymphocytes to crosslinking of surface antigen receptors by anti immunoglobulin is heterogeneous. With maximal stimulus, the peak [Ca++]i response occurs in 10 to 20 seconds with most cells reaching levels greater than/1 microM. Mean [Ca++]i falls to between 300 and 800 nM by 100 seconds where it remains for more than 10 min. Anti-delta is a more potent stimulus of increased [Ca++]i than anti-mu in terms of both [Ca++]i level and fraction of B cells responding. Whether this is due to the greater density of surface IgD than IgM, a difference in signal transduction efficiency, or both, is not yet known. Surface immunoglobulin receptors are present in great excess. Less than 3% of surface immunoglobulin is crosslinked at the peak of the [Ca++]i response. PMID- 3497787 TI - Treatment of levator syndrome using high-voltage electrogalvanic stimulation. AB - Twenty patients diagnosed as having levator syndrome were treated with electrogalvanic stimulation (EGS). Many of these patients had previously been treated unsuccessfully with other methods. While 60 percent of patients had good or excellent response to EGS when assessed immediately after therapy, a subsequent telephone survey revealed that one third of this group experienced recurrence. Of the group of 20 patients, only five (25 percent) remained symptom free. Though results in this study were less favorable than other reports, EGS may still serve as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of levator syndrome. PMID- 3497788 TI - Preoperative localization of intermittently bleeding small intestinal tumors using Tc-99m labeled red blood cell scanning. Report of two cases. AB - Frequent tagged red blood cell scans offer an important diagnostic adjunct to help define a site of intermittent bleeding. Success is based upon scanning at two-to-four-hour intervals. Two patients are presented who experienced intermittent episodes of melena and hematochezia over prolonged periods of time. In each case an extensive diagnostic work-up had been performed on multiple occasions and failed to demonstrate the source. Utilizing a Technetium-99 macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m) tagged red blood cell scan, an intermittently bleeding lesion within the small bowel was identified in each instance. In order to detect an intermittently bleeding lesion within the small bowel, more frequent scanning intervals are recommended. Due to rapid clearing of tagged red blood cells into the colon from the small-bowel bleeding point, the source may be obscured by longer, routine scanning intervals. PMID- 3497790 TI - [Characteristics of the molecular organization of bacteriophage T4 whiskers]. PMID- 3497789 TI - Noncirrhotic portal hypertension due to lymphoma. Reversal following splenectomy. AB - We report a case of bleeding esophageal varices associated with lymphoma. Splenectomy alone reversed the patient's portal hypertension as assessed hemodynamically and clinically. Mechanisms leading to portal hypertension in the setting of splenomegaly from hematologic disorders are discussed. An approach to operative management of these patients, based on preoperative hemodynamic measurements, is suggested for future consideration. PMID- 3497791 TI - [Relation between the proliferative activity of hepatocytes and the number of epidermal growth factor receptors]. PMID- 3497792 TI - Comparative activity of ceftizoxime against aminoglycoside-resistant aerobic gram negative bacilli. AB - The in vitro activity of ceftizoxime was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics against 331 aminoglycoside (AG)-resistant clinical isolates. Two hundred and six AG-resistant, beta-lactamase producing, R-plasmid harbouring Enterobacteriaceae strains had MICs ranging from 0.0125 to 0.063 mg/l. AG resistant Escherichia coli (36 strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19) had MIC 90 values of 8 mg/l. Proteus rettgeri and P. vulgaris as well as Morganella morganii, resistant to several AGs, had MICs ranging from 0.5 to 4 mg/ml. Against all six isolates of AG-resistant Salmonella enteritidis the MIC90 was 0.5 mg/l. Twenty-seven strains of Serratia marcescens, most of which were resistant to beta lactam and AG antibiotics, had MICs ranging from 0.5 to 8 mg/l. The AG-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae producing several AG-modifying enzymes (AAC(3); AAC(2'); AAC(6'); APH(3')) showed MICs ranging from 0.6 to 4 mg/l. Against 10 AG resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing AAC(3), AAC(6') and APH(3') enzymes, the MICs ranged from 16 to 64 mg/l. In conclusion, ceftizoxime was equally or more active than cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime and moxalactam against AG-resistant E. coli, Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus, Serratia, Salmonella and R-plasmid harbouring Enterobacteriaceae. Ceftizoxime was less active than cefotaxime, moxalactam and ceftazidime against P. aeruginosa. PMID- 3497793 TI - [Effect of long-term oral contraception on the risk factors of coronary heart disease]. PMID- 3497794 TI - [Effect of glycylpressin on pressure in esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis and previous hemorrhaging varices]. AB - In 15 patients with the history of bleeding from esophageal varices, confirmed cirrhosis of the liver (Child A) and esophageal varices (grade II, 2; grade III, 11; and grade IV, 2 patients) esophageal intravariceal pressures were endoscopically measured before and 10 min after intravenous administration of 1 mg glycylpressin. Pressures fell in the patients without previous sclerotherapy from 21.8 +/- 2.8 to 19.0 +/- 1.9 mm Hg (not significant), in those previously sclerosed from 18.0 +/- 1.4 to 14.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). In two of the non-sclerosed patients and one after sclerotherapy no change of pressure was recorded. The results indicate that glycylpressin has a relatively minor and uncertain effect on esophageal intravariceal pressure. In view of the possible side effects of the drug the indications for its use should be carefully weighed. PMID- 3497795 TI - [Determination of the activity of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3497796 TI - Perceived efficacy of cyclandelate in the treatment of cochleovestibular and retinal disturbances related to cerebrovascular insufficiency. A study in general practice comprising 2772 patients. AB - To investigate the perceived efficacy and safety of cyclandelate when used in general practice, an open multicentre study was performed comprising 2772 patients with symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus or visual disturbances thought to result from cerebrovascular insufficiency. After 90 days' treatment with cyclandelate 1600 mg daily in 2 doses, both the severity and frequency of these symptoms declined. The general practitioners rated the overall therapeutic efficacy of cyclandelate as 'excellent' or 'good' in 81% of patients, while 77% of patients considered the efficacy of the drug to be 'excellent' or 'good'. Side effects were infrequent and of a mild nature. Thus, when used in the setting of general practice, cyclandelate seems to be a safe and apparently effective treatment for patients with symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus and visual disturbances attributable to chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. PMID- 3497797 TI - Comparison of the bone-resorbing activity in the supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with that of cytokines through the use of an antiserum to interleukin 1. AB - We compared the bone-resorbing activity in the conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures with that of partially purified human monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1), human recombinant IL-1 alpha (pI 5) and IL-1 beta (pI 7), human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), and PTH in fetal rat long bone cultures. An antiserum to the products of activated human mononuclear cells, including IL 1, completely blocked the bone-resorbing activity of all three forms of IL-1 and of unfractionated PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants, but did not inhibit resorption stimulated by recombinant human TNF alpha. This antiserum also had no effect on the resorptive response to 3 nM PTH, but did decrease the response to 1 nM PTH slightly. These results imply that IL 1, but not TNF alpha, mediates the bone-resorbing activity found in the supernatants of PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. It is not known whether the small inhibitory effect that the antiserum to IL-1 had on the response to 1 nM PTH resulted from a nonspecific action or an effect of PTH on local IL-1 synthesis in bone. Since cytokines are found in the circulation of normal individuals and are produced at local sites of pathology, these results suggest that they can influence both normal and abnormal skeletal metabolism. PMID- 3497799 TI - Effects of calcium-antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors on DNA synthesis in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - To investigate the role of intracellular Ca2+ in the mechanism of cellular proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), the effects of Ca2+ antagonists and calmodulin (CaM) inhibitors on DNA synthesis stimulated by serum derived growth factors were studied in cultured VSMCs derived from rat aorta. DNA synthesis assessed by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the cells was significantly stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or fetal bovine serum (FBS), of which the effects were dose dependently inhibited by a variety of Ca2+-antagonists, such as verapamil, diltiazem and nicardipine. Trifluoperazine and W-7, both specific CaM inhibitors, similarly inhibited DNA synthesis stimulated by EGF, PDGF or FBS in a dose dependent manner, whereas W-5, a less specific CaM inhibitor, was minimally effective. These data suggest that the Ca2+-CaM system plays an important role in the mechanism of growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in VSMCs. PMID- 3497798 TI - Facilitation of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor secretion into the hypophysial-portal circulation after activation of catecholaminergic pathways or central norepinephrine injection. AB - The functional role of central catecholamines in regulation of ACTH secretion remains controversial. In the present report, the nature of catecholaminergic influences was directly assessed by measurement of hypophysial-portal plasma immunoreactive CRF (irCRF) levels after activation of endogenous aminergic pathways by electrical stimulation or administration of norepinephrine (NE). Electrical stimulation of the ventral noradrenergic ascending bundle, a fiber system primarily carrying catecholaminergic fibers arising from brainstem regions, resulted in a 2.9-fold elevation of portal irCRF levels. Pretreatment with the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist coryanthine, but not the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol, blocked the facilitatory effect of electrical stimulation and reduced prestimulation irCRF levels by 34.7 +/- 4.2% (P less than 0.05). Intracerebroventricular administration of 0.1-5.0 nmol NE resulted in a dose-dependent facilitation of portal plasma irCRF levels which could be blocked by pretreatment with coryanthine. Alternatively, administration of greater than or equal to 5 nmol NE caused a dose-dependent inhibition of irCRF release which could be prevented by pretreatment with propranolol. Finally, irCRF secretion evoked by nitroprusside-induced hypotension was also blocked by pretreatment with coryanthine, but not propranolol. These observations provide strong evidence in favor of a predominantly stimulatory action of NE (and possibly epinephrine) at the hypothalamic level to evoke secretion of CRF and thus to activate the pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 3497800 TI - Effects of acute and chronic dexamethasone treatment on stimulated prolactin secretion in the rat. AB - Basal serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and the elevation of serum PRL concentrations induced by the serotonergic agents, quipazine and 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were suppressed in rats treated acutely with dexamethasone. Acute dexamethasone treatment did not alter the stimulation of PRL release produced by the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. In contrast, chronic treatment of rats with dexamethasone resulted in a potentiation of the PRL response to quipazine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and haloperidol. It is concluded that dexamethasone can exert differential effects on the secretion of PRL, and that these effects are dependent upon the duration of dexamethasone treatment. PMID- 3497801 TI - Complex partial seizures: cerebellar metabolism. AB - We used positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]2-deoxyglucose to study cerebellar glucose metabolism (LCMRglu) and the effect of phenytoin (PHT) in 42 patients with complex partial seizures (CPS), and 12 normal controls. Mean +/- SD patient LCMRglu was 6.9 +/- 1.8 mg glucose/100 g/min (left = right), significantly lower than control values of 8.5 +/- 1.8 (left, p less than 0.006), and 8.3 +/- 1.6 (right, p less than 0.02). Only four patients had cerebellar atrophy on CT/MRI; cerebellar LCMRglu in these was 5.5 +/- 1.5 (p = 0.054 vs. total patient sample). Patients with unilateral temporal hypometabolism or EEG foci did not have lateralized cerebellar hypometabolism. Patients receiving phenytoin (PHT) at the time of scan and patients with less than 5 years total PHT exposure had lower LCMRglu, but the differences were not significant. There were weak inverse correlations between PHT level and cerebellar LCMRglu in patients receiving PHT (r = -0.36; 0.05 less than p less than 0.1), as well as between length of illness and LCMRglu (r = -0.22; 0.05 less than p less than 0.1). Patients with complex partial seizures have cerebellar hypometabolism that is bilateral and due only in part to the effect of PHT. PMID- 3497802 TI - Electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in the treatment of convulsive seizures: a preliminary report. AB - Five patients with clinical and EEG primary generalized or multifocal uncontrollable seizures underwent stereotaxic implantation of electrodes in both centromedian thalamic nuclei (CM). Each electrode consisted of a semiflexible array of three platinum-iridium wires, isolated except at their tips, which were separated by 4 mm. Bipolar, biphasic rectangular pulses were delivered in trains of 1 min every 5 min, alternating right and left side for sessions 2 h/day. Patients were followed for 3 months with charting of clinical seizures, daily 4-h EEG recordings from scalp and depth for 5 days and weekly thereafter. Baseline and 3-month evaluation of psychological performance through selected Beta R, Wechsler memory scale, visual discrimination, MMPI, and Zung's rated depression scale. Tests were evaluated for significant changes by the parametric student's t test and Mann Whitney nonparametric test. Clinical seizures were significantly reduced by electrical stimulation (ES), as were EEG interictal spikes and EEG slow waves. Psychological performance improved beyond that expected by reduction in seizure activity. ESCM induced a local afterdischarge (AD) that progressively developed in time and intensity, and the beneficial effects outlasted ES for periods of weeks to months, suggesting that a state of hyperexcitability of stimulated tissue, similar to "kindling," was created by chronic ES. PMID- 3497803 TI - Measurement of flunixin in equine inflammatory exudate and plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - An accurate and reliable method for the separation of flunixin from, and measurement in, equine inflammatory exudate and plasma by high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. Flunixin can be detected in concentrations as low as 0.05 micrograms/ml using an ultraviolet spectrophotometric detector at 285 nm. Samples were acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid and extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was evaporated and reconstituted in acetonitrile. Iminodibenzyl was used as internal standard. The mean recovery of flunixin from plasma was 97.6 +/- 3.9 per cent. Particular advantages of the method are the short analysis time and ease of sample preparation. Data were obtained on the distribution of flunixin between plasma and acute inflammatory exudate following administration of a single intravenous dose of 1.1 mg/kg bodyweight flunixin meglumine. The drug was cleared more slowly from exudate than from plasma. PMID- 3497804 TI - Comparative antibacterial activity of the new oral cephalosporin BMY-28100. AB - The in vitro activity of BMY-28100 was compared with that of four other oral cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci, Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. BMY-28100 showed 5-20 times better activity against staphylococci and streptococci. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci were resistant to the drug. Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae strains were moderately susceptible. Time-kill curve studies showed BMY-28100 to be equally as active as benzylpenicillin, amoxycillin, flucloxacillin and cefaclor. By virtue of its in vitro spectrum, BMY-28100 can be considered a potentially useful agent for treatment of respiratory tract infections. PMID- 3497805 TI - Isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis from cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells. PMID- 3497806 TI - Clinical significance of 201Tl reverse redistribution in patients with aorto coronary bypass surgery. AB - Detection of myocardial ischemia by the stress thallium scan has traditionally been performed using transient defect analysis on exercise, followed by redistribution studies. Worsening of the 201Tl myocardial image from exercise to redistribution is referred to as reverse redistribution. In this study, we found reverse redistribution in 10 (21%) of 48 angina pectoris patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. The clinical significance of this phenomenon in these patients was investigated in relation to angiographic and surgical findings. Reverse redistribution was found to occur in regions which were supplied by bypass grafts. These areas showed increased coronary blood flow and rapid thallium washout. Our results indicate that a perfusion defect in the bypass region of the redistribution image might be caused by relatively rapid washout in the bypass graft region compared to the adjacent normal myocardium. These results should be considered in the clinical interpretation of stress thallium scans. PMID- 3497807 TI - Sequential computed tomography and 123I-HIPDM scans in multiple sclerosis with large plaque. A case report. AB - We report a case of acute multiple sclerosis in whom computed tomography (CT) scan suggested the presence of a large plaque. The anatomical and functional recovery of the brain tissue was followed by means of repeated CT scan and 123I HIPDM studies. Single photon emission CT may be successfully employed to monitor the pathophysiological changes associated with the demyelinating process. PMID- 3497809 TI - Milestones in anti-inflammatory therapy. AB - The anti-inflammatory era opened with aspirin, which for decades was the first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Striking advances have occurred in recent years with the introduction of propionic acid derivatives like ibuprofen and once-a-day drugs like piroxicam. The class now includes a range of drugs with properties suited to the range of clinical indications presented by rheumatic disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs are now and will continue to be the mainstay of symptomatic therapy for arthritis. PMID- 3497808 TI - Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in patients with cerebral ischemia assessed by SPECT and 123I-HIPDM. AB - Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) was investigated in a series of 59 patients (34 completed strokes and 25 reversible ischemic attacks, RIAs) using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) with 123I-HIPDM as a cerebral blood flow (CBF) indicator. CCD was present in 17 (50%) of the patients with completed stroke and in 6 (24%) of the patients with RIAs. CCD was significantly correlated to the clinical severity (p less than 0.001) and to the extension of the supratentorial lesion (p less than 0.05). However, CCD was also recorded in 3 out of 16 patients with normal neurological examination and CT scan, suggesting that a 'functional' hemispheric disturbance may be sufficient to produce a remote effect on the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. Time elapsed between the clinical onset and SPECT study was not critical, since CCD was recorded in the acute as well as in chronic studies. Follow-up SPECT studies showed that CCD disappeared in 5 out of 18 patients after a successful extra-intracranial bypass, while a spontaneous recovery was observed in only one of 16 nonsurgical patients. PMID- 3497810 TI - Rheumatology--past, present, and future. AB - From ancient times until the middle of the last century--the beginning of the modern scientific era--the description, classification, and study of rheumatologic phenomena played an important role in medicine. There are numerous examples in the literature, beginning with Hippocrates' observations on gout through the discoveries of Sydenham and Heberden. The detection of uric acid as "materia peccans" in gouty arthritis and the differentiation of the chronic arthritides by Garrod in 1853 marked the start of research into the aetiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. After Garrod's discovery, observation and description of rheumatic diseases lagged, and the only treatment in common usage was symptomatic and left to spas. In the last few decades, interest in the classification of rheumatic disease revived, and the union of clinical rheumatology with basic research provided the basis of a period of rapid progress in the knowledge of pathogenesis and in the development of symptomatic therapies, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Two major therapeutic goals mark the future of rheumatology: the search for optimum treatment to halt the manifestations of rheumatic diseases and the search for the aetiology, which would lead eventually to prevention and cure. PMID- 3497811 TI - The International League Against Rheumatism. PMID- 3497812 TI - Inhibition of protein exudation from the trachea by corticotropin-releasing factor. AB - Increased vascular permeability in the trachea, as measured by Evans blue dye leakage, was produced in the anesthetized rat by antidromic stimulation of the right vagus or by exposure to dilute formalin vapors. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) inhibited tracheal protein extravasation at dosages of 6-24 nmol (29 114 micrograms)/kg i.v. injected 10 min before nerve stimulation or formaldehyde exposure. The decrease in respiration rate and blood pressure produced by formaldehyde was also attenuated by CRF. PMID- 3497813 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor on c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels in normal human fibroblasts. AB - The mRNA levels of two proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-myc, were determined in human foreskin fibroblasts exposed to epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in a serum-free, defined medium (MCDB 104). Untreated, quiescent cells were found to have low or undetectable levels of c-fos and c-myc mRNA. Within 10 min after the addition of EGF or PDGF the c-fos mRNA level increased, reached a peak at 30 min, and then declined to the control level after 60 min. The level of c-myc mRNA increased somewhat later and peaked after 8 h in cultures treated with either of the growth factors. The c-myc mRNA level remained elevated throughout the 24 h of investigation. The concentrations of EGF and PDGF required for a maximal effect on c-fos or c-myc expression were found to be similar to those that give maximal effect on cell proliferation. Both c-fos and c myc mRNA expression were super-induced by the addition of cycloheximide. The addition of neutralizing PDGF antibodies to cultures that had received PDGF 4 h earlier inhibited the subsequent increase in the c-myc mRNA level, indicating that the effect of PDGF on c-myc expression is not caused by a "hit and run," mechanism. Density-inhibited cells responded to EGF and PDGF by an increase in c fos and c-myc mRNA levels in the absence of any mitogenic response. The present results conform to the view that the c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes may be important (or necessary) but not sufficient for the initiation of DNA synthesis. Moreover, the finding that both EGF and PDGF increase c-fos and c-myc expression supports our previous suggestion that these two growth factors may in part act via a common intracellular pathway in the prereplicative phase of human fibroblasts. PMID- 3497814 TI - Epidermal growth factor has a unique effect in combination with fetal bovine serum to bypass the ts-block of G0-specific ts mutant tsJT60. AB - tsJT60 cells are G0-specific temperature-sensitive mutants of the cell cycle from Fischer rats i.e., they grow exponentially at both 34 degrees and 39.5 degrees C, but when stimulated with fetal bovine serum (FBS) from the resting state (G0) they enter S phase at 34 degrees C but not at 39.5 degrees C. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) also induced DNA synthesis, although weakly, in G0-arrested tsJT60 cells at 34 degrees C but failed at 39.5 degrees C. When G0-arrested tsJT60 cells were stimulated at 39.5 degrees C with FBS plus EGF, they entered S phase and divided. Somatomedin C, insulin, or transferrin had a weak effect in inducing DNA synthesis in G0-arrested cells when applied at 34 degrees C or with FBS at 39.5 degrees C. Fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, or 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate had no such stimulatory effect at 39.5 degrees C. Binding of 125I-somatomedin C was not temperature-sensitive. Several other ts mutant cells that were blocked at 39.5 degrees C from entering S phase from the resting state following FBS addition were stimulated by FBS plus EGF at 34 degrees C but not at 39.5 degrees C. PMID- 3497815 TI - Effects of retinoids on differentiation, lipid metabolism, epidermal growth factor, and low-density lipoprotein binding in squamous carcinoma cells. AB - The relationship among keratinocyte differentiation capacity, lipid synthesis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism, plasma membrane composition, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding has been studied in SCC-12F2 cells. The differentiation capacity of the cells, i.e., ionophore-induced cornified envelope formation, was inhibited by various retinoids and stimulated by hydrocortisone. Retinoids that caused a significant reduction of cornified envelope formation, i.e., retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid, caused only minor changes in lipid synthesis and plasma membrane composition. Arotinoid ethylsulfone, having a minor effect on cornified envelope formation, caused a drastic inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, resulting in changes in the plasma membrane composition. Hydrocortisone stimulated cornified envelope formation but had only minor effects on lipid synthesis and plasma membrane composition. Of all retinoids tested, only arotinoid ethylsulfone caused a drastic increase in EGF binding, while hydrocortisone had no effect. Retinoic acid, arotinoid ethylsulfone, and hydrocortisone had no effects on LDL binding and only minor effects on LDL degradation. These results clearly demonstrate that the plasma membrane composition is not related to keratinocyte differentiation capacity, but most likely does determine EGF binding. Furthermore, EGF binding does not determine keratinocyte differentiation capacity. PMID- 3497816 TI - Specular microscopy of vertebrate corneal endothelium: a comparative study. AB - Central corneal endothelia in a variety of lower- and higher vertebrate animals were photographed with a widefield specular microscope and analysed with either fixed-frame or computer-assisted morphometric analysis. The endothelium of the dogfish shark, an elasmobranch, contained 2300 cells mm-2 and demonstrated a very delicate irregular 'reversal pattern'. The goldfish, a teleost, had 432 cells mm 2 and displayed a jigsaw-puzzle-like pattern. The bullfrog, an amphibian, and the gecko, a reptile, had 550- and 481 cells mm-2, respectively, and a relatively uniform polygonal endothelial pattern similar to that observed in mammals. The goose, a bird, had a cell density of 2410 cells mm-2 with a uniform hexagonal pattern (79%) which was similar to mammalian (rat, 58-76%; rabbit, 71%; dog, 78%; human, 61-75%) hexagonal patterns. The findings on the endothelial appearance in these vertebrate animals suggest that a correlation exists between endothelial morphology, vertebrate phylogeny and their respective functional and structural capacity. PMID- 3497817 TI - Internalization and processing of epidermal growth factor in aging human fibroblasts in culture. AB - Tissue culture lines established from newborn human skin were used as a model system to study the effects of the mitogenic hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the aging process. These cells demonstrated a finite life span in culture which is presumed to be related to the in vivo aging process. Fibroblasts aged in vitro demonstrated a reduction in their ability to respond to the mitogenic effects of EGF as compared to these cells at an earlier population doubling level (PDL). This decreased responsiveness was not due to a decrease in the number of EGF receptors/cells, as cells at late PDL possessed either the same or more EGF receptors than cells at an earlier PDL. In Rat-1 fibroblasts, 125I labeled EGF is internalized following binding to the surface receptor, and is transported through intracellular organelles where it undergoes a series of modifications which result in acidification of the EGF (Matrisian et al., 1984, J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3047). It is not known whether this acidic processing of EGF is necessary for mitogenic activity. EGF internalization and processing were therefore examined in aging human fibroblasts to determine if the decrease in EGF responsiveness is due to an alteration in EGF processing. Human fibroblasts internalized and processed pI 4.55 125I-labeled EGF to the more acidic pI 4.2, 4.35, and 4.0 species in a manner similar to Rat-1 fibroblasts. The nature of the processed product and the time course of processing was the same in cells at early and late passages. We therefore conclude that the decreased responsiveness of aged cells to EGF is not due to a defect in the EGF-processing mechanism. PMID- 3497818 TI - The role of erythropoietin, megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor, and T-cell derived factors on human megakaryocyte colony formation: evidence for T-cell mediated and T-cell-independent stem cell proliferation. AB - Recent studies suggest that megakaryocytopoiesis is governed by a dual-level regulatory process, with megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) primarily influencing proliferation of the committed precursors and thrombopoietin required for megakaryocyte ploidy amplification and for maturation. The authors have examined different sources of Meg-CSF in a microagar culture system with a view to their capacity to enhance megakaryocyte colony formation directly or via an indirect T-lymphocyte- or monocyte-mediated effect. The comparative influences of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM), erythropoietin (Epo), sera of patients with severe aplastic anemia, and direct PHA addition to the culture were evaluated for their capacity to enhance megakaryocytic colony formation as well as for the maturation rate of megakaryocytes (Mk) grown in our microagar culture system. Each treatment by itself enhanced colony formation from unseparated low-density cells. Removal of T lymphocytes and monocytes from the bone marrow sample caused a cessation of the enhancing effect of direct PHA addition to cultures stimulated with Epo, but did not influence the enhancing activities of severe aplastic anemia serum (SAA), PHA LCM, and Epo. The results show that SAA serum, Epo, and PHA-LCM induced Mk colony formation directly and therefore may act via a common mechanism. Differences, however, were observed concerning their colony-stimulating potency and their influence on the Mk maturation rate. PMID- 3497819 TI - Identification of the hematopoietic growth factors elaborated by bone marrow stromal cells using antibody neutralization analysis. AB - These studies were undertaken to characterize the subclasses of hematopoietic growth factors produced by stromal cells in long-term murine bone marrow cultures. Exposure of these cultures to extremely high doses of irradiation (500 Gy), followed by endotoxin stimulation, permitted detection and characterization of various growth factor activities in the unconcentrated conditioned medium. To determine the nature of these activities, neutralization studies were performed using antisera against the following subclasses of purified colony-stimulating factors (CSFs): purified L-cell CSF-1, recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rGM-CSF), and recombinant interleukin 3 (rIL3). The antiserum against CSF-1 consistently abrogated 100% of the CSF bioactivity in irradiated stromal cell conditioned medium (CM) but was only capable of neutralizing 62%-91% of the bioactivity in endotoxin-stimulated, irradiated stromal cell-CM. Antisera against rGM-CSF and rIL3 demonstrated variable effects. When the antisera were used in combinations, only the mixture of anti-CSF-1 + anti-GM-CSF resulted in 100% neutralization of the activities in endotoxin-stimulated, irradiated stromal cell CM. This CM stimulated the IL3/GM-CSF-responsive cell line FDC-P1 but not the IL3 responsive (GM-CSF-unresponsive) cell line 32D cl-23. The FDC-P1 growth-promoting activity was inhibited only by the antiserum against GM-CSF and not by antiserum against IL3. These experiments indicate that stromal cells from long-term bone marrow cultures can produce and release CSF-1 and GM-CSF while the production of IL3 in this system, if there is any, could not be demonstrated. PMID- 3497820 TI - Synthesis of an analog of human calcitonin gene related peptide, [Asu]-h-CGRP. AB - The analog of h-CGRP, des-Ala-deamino-dicarba-h-CGRP, was synthesized by the combination of the conventional solution and the solid phase peptide synthesis methods. This analog showed stronger and longer-lasting hypocalcemic and hypophosphatemic activities than the natural hormone. PMID- 3497821 TI - Recycling of epidermal growth factor in A431 cells. AB - The fate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) after internalization by A431 cells was studied. First, cells containing 125I-EGF-receptor complexes in endosomes were obtained. Subsequent incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C resulted in the recycling of 125I-EGF from endosomes to the cell surface in the receptor-bound state and the gradual release of recycled ligand into the medium. The excess of unlabeled EGF blocked both rebinding and re-internalization of recycled 125I-EGF to produce enhanced accumulation of ligand in the medium. The rate of recycling was shown to be much higher than that of EGF degradation. PMID- 3497822 TI - [Distribution of calcium in unmyelinated and myelinated nerve trunks]. AB - Exchange of Ca2+ between non-myelinated and myelinated nerves at the surface of axoglial complex of the nerve seems to be one of the extracellular systems controlling the Ca2+ level. PMID- 3497823 TI - Influence of hydroxyurea on lectin-induced early and late events in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. AB - Activation events induced by lectins in human lymphocyte cultures differed not only in time kinetics of their appearance but were also in a different manner inhibited by hydroxyurea (HU). 4F2 and Tac expression, thermostable sheep erythrocyte rosette formation, cell volume distribution changes and the enhancement of the purine metabolic rate [( 3H]adenine incorporation) induced by PHA, Con A or PWM were not influenced by HU treatment, suggesting G1-phase dependency of these markers. The decrease in the mitogen-induced marker expression after 48 h of incubation with HU can be explained by the unability of activated cells to process the cell cycle, to divide and to become newly positive cells. Mitogen-induced RNA synthesis was partially, DNA synthesis, PWM-induced Ig synthesis and lectin-mediated HLA class II antigen expression were totally inhibited by HU. It holds especially for the DR antigen that its appearance in a polyclonal model of lymphocyte activation occurs in a later (postmitotic G1) phase of the cell cycle. The inhibitory effect of HU on late activation parameters could be removed after washing the cells. Mitogen-activated, HU treated PBL cultures after removing HU continued cell cycle progression without requirement for further addition of lectin. PMID- 3497824 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity to transplantation antigens in mice and its investigation under conditions of allograft and xenograft tolerance. AB - Methods of induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to transplantation alloantigens and xenoantigens in mice were developed. They include the s.c. sensitization of mice with spleen cells (5 X 10(6) xenogeneic cells in CFA or 1 X 10(7) allogeneic cells) followed 5 days later by testing of the reactions. Reactions induced to alloantigens and to xenoantigens were the DTH reactions: they reached a maximum 24 h after testing, were mediated by T lymphocytes, were not transferred to intact recipients with serum from sensitized donors. DTH reactivity to transplantation antigens was employed to assess the immune reactivity of tolerant animals. It is shown that the tolerance induced in mice by our method leads to prolonged survival of allogeneic and xenogeneic neonatal heart grafts and is accompanied with specific DTH nonreactivity. The utilization of DTH to transplantation antigens as a test for tolerance establishment and as a model for studying its mechanisms is discussed. PMID- 3497825 TI - Altered immune reactivity of mice born from mothers treated with ampicillin during gestation. AB - The cellular and humoral immune responses of 30-day-old mice born from mothers treated with ampicillin during pregnancy were studied. A lowering of cellular immunity, accompanied by a decrease in T lymphocyte percentage in lymph nodes, and an increase of humoral immune response were observed. PMID- 3497826 TI - Interdigitating cells in the thymus of the frog, Rana temporaria. AB - Interdigitating cells (IDC) of the thymic medulla of the frog, Rana temporaria, collected in the summer, were examined by electron microscopy. The most characteristic cytological features of IDC are voluminous electron-lucent cytoplasm and widespread interdigitations and invaginations of the cell membrane. IDC possess an excentrically located nucleus with pronounced nucleoli and a thin rim of a dense chromatine as well as a perinuclear area with characteristic tubulo-vesicular complex. In our material Birbeck granules were absent. Some IDC contain phagocytized material. A few transitional forms between monocytes and IDC were observed. On the basis of these observations it is highly probable that the amphibian IDC belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 3497827 TI - Syphilitic patients with urogenital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 3497828 TI - Inhibition of SK cell activity in frogs by certain drugs and sugars. AB - We present similarities between mammalian natural killer (NK) cells and (anuran amphibian) frog spontaneous killer (SK) cells. A cytotoxic assay utilizing allogeneic erythrocytes as target cells was used and lysis assessed by measuring release of hemoglobin. SK effector cells, just as mammalian NK cells, are not sensitive to cycloheximide nor most simple sugars (50 mM glucose, glucose-6 phosphate, galactose, fucose, mannose). However, SK activity is inhibited by chloroquine, colchicine and mannose-6-phosphate. When SK cells were co-incubated with mammalian tumor cells, they were able to lyse only the NK-sensitive target YAC-1, but not other mammalian tumor cell targets including K562, Molt-4, Raji, P815 and EL4. Lysis of YAC-1 cells was also inhibited by colchicine and chloroquine. These results allow speculation on the evolution of cell mediated cytotoxicity since natural cytotoxic cells are present in ectothermic vertebrates. PMID- 3497829 TI - Triiodothyronine affects mitogen responsiveness in sex-linked dwarf and Cornell K strain chickens. AB - The response of lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) was examined in the functionally hypothyroid SLD strain and the normal K strain chickens which were fed diets with or without T3 supplementation (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm) since the time of hatch. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 3 and 12 week old male and female chickens were incubated with Con A for 60 h. Mitogenic responsiveness was assessed by measuring the uptake of 3H-thymidine during the last 24 h of incubation. There was no difference in the mitogen response between male and female chickens. The mitogen responsiveness of PBL from the K strain tended to be greater than that from the SLD strain at both ages. The lowest dose of T3 (0.1 ppm) had no effect on the mitogen response of 3-week-old K strain chicks but caused an increase in mitogen response in 3-week-old SLD and in 12-week-old birds of both strains. Supplementation with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm T3 tended to decrease mitogen responsiveness in the K and SLD strain at both ages. The effect of treatment on thymus weights, bursa weights, and lymphocyte concentrations of the blood was also assessed. PMID- 3497830 TI - Physicochemical properties of the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor from tadpole liver, intestine and tail fin. AB - The binding of triiodothyronine (T3) to tadpole liver, intestine, and tail fin nuclei was consistent with a single class of binding sites. The KD for the binding of T3 to isolated nuclei from the liver (1.02 nM), intestine (1.40 nM), and tail fin (0.831 nM) nuclei were not significantly different. The number of binding sites for T3 in the nuclei isolated from each tissue were also not significantly different. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the salt-extracted nuclear T3-receptor complex revealed that the S20,w was not significantly different for the complex from the liver (3.7 S), intestine (3.9 S), or tail fin (3.9 S). Similarly, the Stokes radii of the complex from the liver (3.65 nm), intestine (3.84 nm), and tail fin (3.99 nm) were not significantly different. Molecular weights of 57,000, 64,000, and 67,000 were calculated from the sedimentation coefficients and Stokes radii for the T3-receptor complex from the liver, intestine, and tail fin, respectively. The similarity of the physicochemical properties of the T3-receptor complex from each of the tissues studied is consistent with the hypothesis that the same receptor is capable of inducing tissue-specific biochemical changes. PMID- 3497832 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function in dyspepsia. AB - The prevalence of pancreatic diseases as the cause for dyspepsia differs in clinical materials between 0 and 25-30%. In parallel, the incidence rate of chronic pancreatitis varies between 0.7 and 10 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The correct figures are unsettled. The main reason for the great variability in figures for frequency of chronic pancreatitis is probably the different clinical awareness and variable practice for performing morphological and functional studies of the pancreas in patients with dyspepsia. Epidemiologic data indicate, but do not prove, an increasing frequency of chronic pancreatitis at least valid for the alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic function and pancreatic disease are probably connected to different gastro-intestinal diseases (duodenal ulcer, inflammatory bowel diseases, malabsorption syndromes, subtotal and total gastrectomy and to some extent in patients with hepatobiliary diseases). The prevalence of chronic pancreatitis can be calculated to around 70 per 100,000 inhabitants in the Western world. Around one-third of these present with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The demand for enzyme substitution based on marked exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and mucoviscidosis can be calculated to approximately 150 patients per 1 million inhabitants. The question concerning the analgetic effect of pancreatic enzyme substitution is still unsettled. PMID- 3497831 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor on the synthesis of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme complex in rat ovarian granulosa cells in primary culture. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the synthesis of the components of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme complex (SCC) was studied in rat ovarian granulosa cells. The cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of EGF (15 ng/ml) and/or FSH (50 ng/ml) after which proteins were radiolabeled by incubation with [35S]methionine followed by immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized P-450scc or adrenodoxin (ISP) with polyclonal antibodies directed against the corresponding proteins from bovine adrenal cortex. In addition the action of EGF on the level of translatable RNA for P-450scc was evaluated using a cell-free translation system programmed with RNA isolated from treated and untreated cells, followed by immunoisolation of newly synthesized proteins. Immunoisolated proteins were separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, visualized by fluorography and quantified by densitometry. EGF stimulated progesterone formation by the cells 3-fold and potentiated the FSH induced stimulation of progesterone formation, but had no effect on cAMP accumulation. EGF also stimulated the synthesis of P-450scc and ISP, and enhanced the FSH-induced synthesis of P-450scc and ISP in a concentration-dependent fashion with a maximal stimulation attained at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 100 ng/ml. No appreciable changes in the induction pattern were observed when EGF and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) were added together, as compared to when Bt2cAMP was added alone. Neither treatment affected the synthesis of the constitutive mitochondrial enzyme, F1-ATPase. Immunoisolation of P-450scc from the proteins synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte in vitro translation system programmed with RNA isolated from EGF- and/or FSH-treated cells, revealed that EGF enhanced the FSH-stimulated synthesis of the precursor form of P 450scc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497833 TI - [Post-transfusional hepatitis in heart surgery patients. Prospective and retrospective study: comparative data]. PMID- 3497834 TI - Contractions of the isolated uterus stimulated by epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) produces uterine contractions in tissues removed from immature and adult rats. EGF produces both an increase in resting tone and the development of rhythmic contractions, and this effect is abolished by treatment with antibodies against EGF. The ED50 for this response is observed at an EGF concentration of 3.5 nM. This in vitro effect of EGF requires treatment of the animals in vivo with estradiol for 24 h before removal of uterine tissue. This effect of estradiol does not appear to be due solely to an induction of tissue EGF receptors. These results demonstrate a new activity of EGF and suggest a previously unrecognized function for this peptide growth factor. PMID- 3497835 TI - Concurrent hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody and the clonal selection theory of antibody diversity. PMID- 3497836 TI - [Position and position variations of the canal system of the temporal bone in frontal section]. AB - Estimated are: 1. The axis of the internal acoustic meatus to the horizontal plane in adults and postnatal changes. 2. Eight coronal sections of the temporal bone have been selected to localize the canal systems and structures in the petrous part of the temporal bone and their variations. 3. Described are the different parts of the facial canal, the carotic canal, the auditive tube, the tensor tympani muscle, the major petrosal nerve, and its distances to the carotic canal, the cochlea, the internal acoustic meatus, the supra- and infracochlear cells, the fenestra vestibuli, the fossa jugularis, the canaliculus cochleae, the vestibulum and the semicircular canals. This report includes the development of the supravestibular and other mastoideal cells in the neighbourhood of the canal systems of the petrous bone and the vestibular aqueduct and sac. Estimated are also the distances between the different canal systems. 4. The investigations are discussed with our earlier researches and the results of other researchers and its diagnostic in clinical importance. PMID- 3497838 TI - Localization of steroid-concentrating cells in the central nervous system of the frog Rana esculenta. AB - Steroid-concentrating cells were localized using steroid hormone autoradiography in the brain of Rana esculenta after systemic administration of tritiated estradiol and testosterone. Highest numbers of labeled cells were found in the anterior preoptic area, in the ventral infundibular nucleus, and in the pituitary. Other sites of tritiated sex steroid uptake were in the striatum, septum, amygdala, thalamus, tectum, torus semicircularis, and dorsal tegmental area of the medulla. No differences were seen between males and females. These results complement the ones obtained in Rana pipiens and confirm that in the genus Rana the distribution of testosterone- and estradiol-concentrating neurons is invariant in many respects. PMID- 3497837 TI - Fundulus heteroclitus gonadotropin(s). I. Homologous bioassay using oocyte maturation and steroid production by isolated ovarian follicles. AB - Isolated ovarian follicles from several species were cultured to develop an in vitro bioassay system for Fundulus heteroclitus gonadotropin. An extract of F. heteroclitus pituitaries, when tested in heterologous systems using follicles from Rana pipiens. Xenopus laevis, and Carassius auratus, was ineffective in provoking either germinal vesicle breakdown or steroid production. In a homologous system using F. heteroclitus follicles, F. heteroclitus pituitary extract was capable of inducing both germinal vesicle breakdown and steroid production in a dose-dependent fashion. Testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, and 17 alpha-hydroxy,20 beta-dihydroprogesterone were detected in both the culture media and the follicle extracts after F. heteroclitus pituitary extract stimulation. The steroidogenic responses resulting from the pituitary extract stimulation were dependent on the size and stage of follicular development. Only large vitellogenic follicles (1.2-1.4 mm diameter) were able to produce 17 alpha hydroxy,20 beta-dihydroprogesterone and testosterone. Small vitellogenic follicles (less than 1.2 mm) were unresponsive to stimulation by F. heteroclitus pituitary extracts as scored by either germinal vesicle breakdown or production of 17 alpha-hydroxy, 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone and testosterone. However, estradiol-17 beta production was detected in follicles of a much wider size range: Follicles as small as 0.8 mm diameter were responsive to F. heteroclitus pituitary extract stimulation and produced a large quantity of estradiol-17 beta. There was a marked seasonal sensitivity of F. heteroclitus follicles to pituitary extract stimulation in vitro. Follicles obtained from fish outside of the breeding season (January) were less responsive to stimulation by pituitary extract or steroid. The same preparation of pituitary extract was capable of provoking germinal vesicle breakdown in follicles obtained in May. Pituitary extracts prepared during October through January were also less potent than those prepared during the breeding season (February through September). We conclude that F. heteroclitus gonadotropin(s) shows a noticeable species specificity and that F. heteroclitus follicles exhibit both a season- and a size-dependent responsiveness to gonadotropin(s). Hence, with a judicious use of the appropriate types of F. heteroclitus ovarian follicles, we have been able to demonstrate that in vitro oocyte maturation and steroid production are sensitive, homologous bioassays for F. heteroclitus gonadotropin(s). PMID- 3497839 TI - Seasonal plasma and intraovarian sex steroid profiles, and influence of temperature on gonadotropin stimulation of in vitro estradiol-17 beta and progesterone production, in Rana esculenta (Amphibia: Anura). AB - Seasonal plasma and intraovarian estradiol-17 beta (E) and progesterone (P) fluctuations were studied by specific radioimmunoassay in the frog, Rana esculenta. Moreover, incubations of ovine-luteinizing hormone (oLH)-stimulated ovarian pieces at two different temperatures (15 and 24 degrees) have been carried out in order to evaluate the dependence of E and P output on this exogenous factor. Estradiol showed similar changes in plasma and ovaries, while P profile was better evidenced in the gonads since this hormone fluctuated in plasma, giving pulses of difficult interpretation. A shift from E to P production by the ovary near the ovulatory period (February-March) was noted. In vitro experiments were carried out using approximately equal-sized ovarian fragments containing follicles ranging from 0.7 to 1 mm and classified as early vitellogenic. High temperature induced oLH-stimulated P production within 6 h, while E increased after 24 h concomitantly with a P decline. At 15 degrees the stimulatory effect of oLH was achieved only on E output in the incubation medium after 24 h. In conclusion, our results in the frog, R. esculenta, show that E and P intervene at peak values separately during the annual cycle and that the temperature has an important role in the regulation of the steroid hormone releasing activity. PMID- 3497840 TI - Organ weights, T-cell proliferation, and graft vs host capabilities of hypothyroidic chickens. AB - Thiouracil-induced hypothyroidism reduced the thymus weights of young chickens. Thyroid weights were greater in thiouracil-fed (TF) chicks, and the circulating levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were lower. Thiouracil treatment resulted in higher relative adrenal weights and serum corticosterone concentrations. Absolute weights of adrenals were equivalent between control and TF groups. The TF chicks showed depressions of total white blood cell counts and numbers of lymphocytes. Monocyte and granulocyte numbers were unchanged from those of controls. Thiouracil treatment lowered the phytohemagglutinin M responsiveness of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). On the other hand, the PBL from TF chicks produced the higher graft vs host (GvH) response. Therefore, while the hypothyroidic state impaired cycling activity in T cells, this condition did not significantly influence a functional parameter of T cells, the GvH response. PMID- 3497841 TI - Effects of benzocaine and its isomers on sodium permeability and steady state sodium inactivation in the myelinated nerve, obtained by an improved dissection technique. AB - The blocking effects of benzocaine and its isomers (1 mmol/l) on sodium currents in myelinated nerve fibres were tested. As far as the so-called fast sodium inactivation is concerned, benzocaine shifted the h alpha-curve in negative direction to a stronger extent than did its isomers, while the potency of the isomers did not differ significantly from each other. The drug-induced reductions of maximum sodium permeability PNa were tested at constant test pulses at h alpha = 1. In this kind of experiments all the three isomers had the same potencies. The findings could not be correlated to the lipid solubilities of the drugs as measured by the corresponding octanol/water partition coefficients. In addition, efforts were undertaken to minimize any noxious pull during the isolation of the axon. Some consequences of the improvements introduced are discussed in terms of the reliability of ionic current measurements in Ranvier nodes. PMID- 3497842 TI - [Langer-Giedion syndrome and deletion in the long arm of chromosome 8]. AB - Del(8) (q24.11-q24.13) were detected in 3 patients with typical Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) and studied by high-resolution methods. Analysis of the literature strongly suggests the chromosomal ethiology of the LGS, because in all patients examined in detail a deletion of the segment 8(q24.11-q24.13) was revealed, which is critical for the LGS. Interrelationships between the LGS and two monogenic conditions-tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I and multiple exostoses are discussed. The possible role of c-myc oncogene in exostoses' (including those in LGS) origin is anticipated. PMID- 3497843 TI - Characterization of a human multilineage-colony-stimulating factor cDNA clone identified by a conserved noncoding sequence in mouse interleukin-3. AB - Blood-cell production is regulated by hemopoietic growth factors, which act at specific stages of hemopoietic cell differentiation. Murine interleukin-3 (mIL 3)/multilineage colony-stimulating factor (multi-CSF) has been shown to stimulate colony formation in vitro by multipotent hemopoietic cells and production of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) in suspension cultures. The molecular cloning of the human counterpart of mIL-3 is described here. Hybridization of radiolabeled mIL-3 cDNA with a cDNA library obtained from mRNA of stimulated human lymphocytes resulted in the identification of a human (h)multi-CSF cDNA clone. Sequence homology (73%) in the 3'-noncoding region of mIL-3 enabled the detection of the hmulti-CSF cDNA clone. Whereas only 45% sequence homology was found in the coding region, specific A + T-rich domains in the 3'-noncoding region were highly conserved (93%). As far as we know, this is the first example of gene identification by sequence homology occurring only within the 3' noncoding region. The protein encoded by this hmulti-CSF cDNA stimulates in vitro colony formation by multipotent human hemopoietic stem cells. In addition, the growth factor strongly stimulates the in vitro proliferation of human leukemic blast cells. PMID- 3497844 TI - Bacterial pneumonia: specific diagnosis and treatment of the elderly. AB - Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia remains a formidable problem for the elderly. Patients' clinical presentations do not invariably coincide with those "classically" described. Predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory assessment, and differential diagnosis are discussed. The pivotal role of the technically adequate chest x-ray and the potential limitations of its interpretation are underscored. A comprehensive treatment program is presented, including supportive measures and specific antibiotic strategies. Immunoprophylaxis, its advantages and limitations, is also outlined. PMID- 3497845 TI - Use of indium-111-labeled OC-125 monoclonal antibody in the detection of ovarian cancer. AB - This is a preliminary study to evaluate the utility of using the monoclonal antibody (CO-125) labeled with indium-111 to image recurrences of ovarian cancer. This technique has been investigated in 23 patients with ovarian cancer and the results have been compared with blood OC-125 levels, CT scans, and findings at second-look surgery. Following infusion of 1 mg of F(ab')2 fragments (1-2 mCi 111In), quantitative SPECT and planar imaging was obtained daily for 72 hr along with analysis of serum. The nuclear medicine scans of the tumor site recurrences were technically excellent. When compared to second-look laparotomy, there were 2 true negatives, 2 false positives, 14 true positives, and 2 false negatives by nuclear imaging. CT scans correlated less well with surgery, but serum OC-125 levels correlate more closely with nuclear scans and second-look surgery. Those with multiple small metastatic implants showed a pattern of diffuse uptake which increased with time, whereas those with nodal or larger recurrences showed a more focal uptake. The combination of favorable biodistribution and positive images, especially in patients with normal antigen levels and negative CT scans, suggests a role for OC-125 monoclonal antibody imaging in their clinical management. However, further investigation is needed to determine whether nuclear scans can replace second-look surgery. If it can show that enough 111In-labeled antibody accumulates in the tumor site to justify radioimmunotherapy, then 90Y (a pure beta emitter) could be exchanged for 111In. This is potentially a method of radioimmunotherapy for recurrent ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 3497846 TI - Alteration of blast phenotype after low-dose cytarabine in children with acute myeloid leukemia. AB - Two children with acute myeloid leukemia (FAB M1 and M2) experienced bone marrow relapse during maintenance chemotherapy 7 and 10 months after diagnosis. Low-dose ARA-C monotherapy (2 X 10 mg/m2 per day s.c. for 14 days) was then initiated, as suggested by others reporting induction of differentiation and achievement of remission without toxic side effects. In contrast to these reports, remission induction was not observed in the two children after low-dose ARA-C but was achieved by subsequent high-dose chemotherapy. However, blast cell characteristics revealed some alterations. Blast count and chromosome pattern remained unchanged. Cytochemistry revealed the appearance of esterase- (0--- 11%), 0----21%) and PAS- (0----74%, 0----45%) positive cells in the patients and a remarkable increase (patient 1: 0----71%) and decrease (patient 2: 90----12%) in acid phosphatase positivity. Expression of myeloid marker VIM D5 decreased distinctly (70----4%, 77----11%). However, the biologic relevance of these alterations remains in question. The failure to respond clinically to low-dose ARA-C in both children is discouraging. PMID- 3497847 TI - Two unexpected courses in four children with lymphoblastic leukemia of B-cell type (B-ALL). PMID- 3497848 TI - Karyotype, immunophenotype, and clinical outcome: correlations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 3497850 TI - [Tumor necrosis factor]. PMID- 3497849 TI - Von Willebrand factor fragment in type IIA von Willebrand's disease: demonstration of two different forms of fragments. AB - A fast-migrating precipitin peak which showed a reaction of partial immunochemical identity with the major von Willebrand factor (vWf) component was detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gel in plasma but not in platelets from a patient with type IIA von Willebrand's disease (vWD). Another patient undergoing urokinase therapy had a vWf fragment in plasma which was antigenically cross-reactive with the major vWf component. When plasma from both patients was mixed and electrophoresed together in the first dimension, two fast moving precipitin arcs were demonstrated in the second dimension. These data indicate that two different kinds of vWf fragments can be generated in vivo. PMID- 3497851 TI - [Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of a new anti inflammatory compound, 2-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl] propionic acid (TA), in experimental animals]. AB - Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of orally administered TA were investigated in experimental animals. Against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice, carrageenin-induced hind paw edema in rats and ultra-violet ray-induced erythema in guinea pigs, TA produced a dose related inhibition at doses of 40-160 mg/kg, 10-40 mg/kg and 10-40 mg/kg, respectively. TA produced no inhibition against histamine-induced vascular permeability even at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats. Cotton pellet-induced granuloma and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats were significantly inhibited by repeated administration of TA at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 6 days and 25 mg/kg/day for 6 days, respectively. TA showed a dose related analgesic effect at a dose of 50-200 mg/kg in acetic acid writhing, Randall-Selitto and adjuvant arthritic pain methods. A high dose of TA was needed to produce an analgesic effect in the pressure method using mice. TA produced an anti-pyretic effect against the pyrexia induced by yeast in rats. On the other hand, TA showed no effect against normal body temperature in rats. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of TA are generally a little weaker than those of ibuprofen, and the mode of action of TA is similar to that of a typical acidic non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, indomethacin or phenylbutazone. The ulcerogenic activity of TA was about 2 and 4 times weaker than that of ibuprofen in rats and mice, respectively. TA showed a protective effect against gastric necrosis induced by HCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497852 TI - [Host mediated anti-tumor effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on syngeneic tumor in mice]. AB - The mode of action of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) on Meth A fibrosarcoma (Meth A) was studied in BALB/c mice. N-CWS suppressed or regressed the intradermal growth of syngeneic Meth A cells in normal BALB/c and athymic BALB/c mice. The intradermally and subcutaneously infiltrated cells harvested from injection sites of N-CWS in normal mice showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against Meth A cells. Pretreatment of normal BALB/c mice with immunosuppressing agents such as hydrocortisone, carrageenan, or silica particles significantly reduced the anti-tumor effect of N-CWS. The growth of Meth A cells, rechallenged into BALB/c mice in which Meth A cells had once been suppressed or regressed by N CWS treatment, was also inhibited, but not in similarly treated athymic nude mice. This resistant mechanism was shown to be dependent out cellular components but not on humoral components by the Winn Assay. The present results suggest that N-CWS exerts its anti-tumor activity by mediation of the immune system of the host and that the main effector cells in the early stage of tumor rejection are macrophages; T cells may also be involved in the later stage. PMID- 3497854 TI - Fatal firearm accidents in Sweden. AB - According to Swedish law, it is prohibited to possess and use firearms without a special permission (license), which is given only after a detailed personal investigation. This restrictive legislation accounts for the fact that deaths due to firearms in Sweden are rare in an international comparison. The number of accidental firearm fatalities in Sweden is 0.074/100,000 living persons. We have previously published a series of accidental firearm fatalities during hunting, and now we present an investigation on the non-hunting fatalities. The mean age of the victims was 27 years, and males predominated. Handguns, military rifles, and shotguns caused most of the accidents. The first published case of fatal thoracic airgun wound is also included. Slightly more than half of the accidents were caused by another person and were inflicted at close range. Unsafe handling of the guns, especially "playing" with the gun or during military training caused most of the accidents. It is doubtful that one could further decrease the low number of fatal firearm accidents in Sweden by even more restrictive legislation. Instead, it is concluded that the most important factor to stress is the safer handling of weapons. PMID- 3497853 TI - Effects of low-level long-term oral exposure to T-2 toxin in CD-1 mice. AB - In a 16-month feeding study male and female CD-1 mice received semi-synthetic diets containing 0, 1.5 or 3.0 ppm T-2 toxin. Feed consumption, body-weight gains, clinical findings (including haematological examinations at 16 months) and the development of external lesions were recorded. At 3, 6, 12 and 16 months, animals were killed for assessment of their immune function. Disease-related deaths did not differ among groups. Histological examination of all organs revealed statistically significant differences from controls in the incidence of pulmonary adenomas and hepatic adenomas in the 3.0-ppm group. Other treatment related findings were an increased prevalence of epithelial hyperplasia in the forestomach of animals treated with T-2 toxin, and increased heart weights in treated male mice. T-lymphocyte-dependent humoral immunity tests did not reveal treatment effects and haematology revealed no particular trends. It is concluded that chronic feeding of T-2 toxin at low levels is not immunosuppressive but has a carcinogenic or tumour-promoting effect in mice. PMID- 3497855 TI - [Clinical study of the indications for scintigraphy or a SPECT study of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 3497856 TI - [Macular corneal dystrophy--differential diagnosis and genetics of a far-advanced case]. PMID- 3497857 TI - [Primary unilateral annular opacity of the cornea]. PMID- 3497858 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in mycotic corneal processes]. PMID- 3497859 TI - [Therapy of bacterial infections in varicella-zoster kerato-uveitis]. PMID- 3497860 TI - [Echographic findings with standardized echography in acute endophthalmitis]. PMID- 3497861 TI - [Thinking becomes visible. New insights into metabolic processes by positron emission computerized tomography]. PMID- 3497862 TI - Malignant lymphoma in Nebraska and Guangzhou, China: a comparative study. AB - Two hundred thirty-four consecutive cases of malignant lymphoma (192 non Hodgkin's lymphomas and 42 Hodgkin's disease) from Guangzhou, China, and 589 cases (498 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 91 Hodgkin's disease) from the University of Nebraska Lymphoma Registry were examined in a retrospective histopathologic analysis and the results compared to those of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Working Formulation Summary. Aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was excessive in Guangzhou (82.3 per cent; P less than 0.001) and Nebraska (80.3 per cent; P less than 0.001) when compared with the NCI data (54.2 per cent). The small noncleaved cell, lymphoblastic, and diffuse mixed-cell subtypes were more frequent in China (15.6 per cent each; P less than 0.001), whereas the small lymphocytic, follicular large cell, and immunoblastic subtypes predominated in Nebraska (8 per cent, 8.4 per cent, and 21.8 per cent, respectively; P less than 0.001). The overall median age of onset for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was 42.0 years in Guangzhou and 63.5 years in Nebraska. Hodgkin's disease represented 18 per cent of the malignant lymphomas in Guangzhou and 15 per cent in Nebraska. The mixed cellularity type was most common in Guangzhou (52 per cent; P less than 0.001) and the nodular-sclerosing type in Nebraska (56 per cent; P less than 0.010). The low median age and excess of certain aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin's disease in Guangzhou suggest a possible viral etiology, whereas the excess of certain subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Nebraska may be related to intense agricultural activity. PMID- 3497863 TI - Total and 'active' E-rosette forming T lymphocytes in case of lymphoma: a preliminary communication. PMID- 3497864 TI - [Preliminary results of the reactivity of T lymphocytes with HIV- capsid antibodies]. AB - HIV-infected and noninfected H9-cell cultures were incubated with two antibodies (Biochrom, DuPont) against p24gag antigen (capsid) of HIV: the antibodies show a positive reaction against p24 antigen in the Western blot. The antibody-labeled cells were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and by microscope. The labeled infected and uninfected cells show no characteristic fluorescence pattern after previous acetone fixation. By using formalinfixation technique the monoclonal antibody (DuPont) shows a positive fluorescence pattern but also a high unspecific reactivity with uninfected H9-cells. An identification of HIV-infected living cells with this monoclonal capsid antibody seems possible, if the unspecific binding can be reduced. PMID- 3497865 TI - The influence of oxazolone on the recirculation capacity of B and T cells. AB - Stimulation of lymph nodes with the contact allergen oxazolone had a profound effect on the recirculation capacity of IgD+ B cells and to a lesser extent of T cells when tested in an allotypic transfer system. The effect was most prominent on day 4 after stimulation and was not found with any other antigen that was tested. The impaired recirculation was correlated with a reduction of the adherence capacity of this cell population to HEV in vitro. However, the cells expressed normal levels of the MEL-14 antigen on their surface, as determined by dual-fluorescence FACS analysis. Similar effects were observed when lymphocytes were haptenized with the allergen for a short period in vitro. The treatment had no effect on the viability of the cell population nor on its capacity to react with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A). When the cells were cultured for 24 h in the absence of oxazolone after either in vivo or in vitro treatment, a normal recirculation capacity was observed, indicating that the effects were reversible. The possible implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 3497866 TI - Adjuvant effects of orally administered saponins on humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. AB - We have described adjuvant effects of orally administered Quillaja saponins on the immune responses of mice fed inactivated rabies antigen (AG). The in vivo lymphocyte proliferation in mice fed antigen + saponin (AG + SAP) was significantly greater than that in mice fed antigen (AG) alone. Further, the mitogen-induced cell proliferative responses in animals primed with AG + SAP was markedly increased compared with those in the AG group. These changes in clonal expansion were associated with an enhanced helper T cell (Th) and B cell co operation. The in vivo cell proliferation and in vitro mitogen-induced responses of mice fed AG + SAP correlated with enhanced antibody synthesis. In mice fed saponin alone, there were significant increases in clonal expansion and lymphocyte function. Our present data indicate that the immunocompetence in animals fed AG + SAP was indeed evoked by saponins. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in mice fed SAP or AG + SAP was detected 7 days after booster, in contrast to 21 days in mice fed AG alone. The natural killer cell activity in mice fed SAP alone was greatly enhanced and persisted for an extended period of time. PMID- 3497867 TI - Production of interleukin 2 by human lymph nodes. AB - Perigastric lymph node cells (LNC) from patients with gastric carcinoma or benign lesions were tested for interleukin 2 (IL 2) production upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), in comparison with that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) or spleen cells (SPC). IL 2 activity in the supernatants of LNC cultures from patients with either carcinoma or benign lesions was significantly higher than that of PBM cultures from the same person. There was no significant difference in IL 2 activity between PBM cultures or LNC cultures from patients with carcinoma and patients with benign lesions. Supernatants from LNC cultures were also more active than those obtained from SPC cultures. The production of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in LNC was lower than that in PBM. In LNC, the proportion of OKT3+ cells was similar to that found in PBM, with a prevalence of OKT4+ cells over OKT8+ cells. No differences were found between lymphatic cells from patients with carcinoma and from patients having benign lesions. PMID- 3497868 TI - [HLA-DR1 and lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 3497869 TI - A spleen cell derived factor imparts resistance to NK cell mediated lysis in a mouse lymphoma cell line. AB - The effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) preparations on the susceptibility of YAC cells to mouse natural killer (NK) cells was examined. Crude IL-2 preparations induced a significant decrease in the susceptibility of YAC cells. Highly purified IL-2 preparations, however, did not have a similar effect. Since the IL 2 preparations used in this study were purified from the culture supernatant of Con A activated spleen cells (Con A Sup.), our results indicated the presence in Con A Sup. of a lysis resistance inducing factor (LRIF), distinct from IL-2. We were able to purify LRIF from Con A Sup. by preparative isoelectric focusing and determined its isoelectric pH to be 4.8. PMID- 3497870 TI - Preferential utilisation of deoxycytidine by undifferentiated (peanut positive) tonsillar lymphocytes. AB - Peanut agglutinin (PNA), a D-galactose specific lectin, agglutinated 10-18% of lymphocytes isolated from tonsils of 3- to 6-yr-old children. PNA+ cells were found to be mainly B lymphocytes showing a 9.6 times higher specific activity of DNA polymerase alpha compared to the PNA- cells. The specific activity of deoxycytidine kinase as well as the incorporation of [5-3H]deoxycytidine were also much higher in PNA+ cell fraction than in PNA- fraction (7.7-fold and 6 fold, respectively). On the other hand, thymidine kinase activity and [5 3H]deoxythymidine incorporation were only 3.6 and 3.9 times higher, respectively. The data presented here show a high degree of DNA synthesis and preferential utilisation of [5-3H]deoxycytidine for DNA synthesis in this undifferentiated B lymphocyte fraction. PMID- 3497871 TI - Intact proteoglycan is a polyclonal activator of murine B-lymphocytes. AB - Destruction of articular cartilage is the hallmark of both inflammatory and degenerative arthritides. Since degradation of cartilage results in the release of proteoglycan (PG) monomers and fragments into the synovial fluid, the present study was initiated to determine whether hyaline cartilage PG can induce a cellular immune response. Nonimmune spleen cells obtained from A/St and C57Bl/6 mice were cultured with a crude extract of bovine nasal cartilage, a PG aggregate fraction, PG monomer or degraded PG monomer for varying time periods. Only intact PG monomer induced a proliferative response which peaked at day 2. The responding cell was a B-lymphocyte which did not require T-helper cell activity. Our results suggest that intact PG monomer is a polyclonal activator of B-lymphocytes. PMID- 3497872 TI - Detection of a novel HLA-DQ specificity: serological and immunochemical analyses by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a novel human B-cell allospecificity was produced by immunizing a C3H/He mouse with the human B lymphoblastoid cell line EBV-Wa (HLA-DR4/Dw15/DQblank homozygous). The mAb, termed HU-46, reacted with B cells from not only DR4/Dw15-positive individuals but also certain DRw8/Dw8 positive ones whose DQ phenotypes had not yet been defined. Two-dimensional gel analyses indicated that the mAb recognized class II antigens which were encoded by the HLA-DQ locus. Furthermore, in genetic analysis, the gene encoding the class II antigen detected by HU-46 met the Hardy-Weinberg condition as a fourth allele of the DQ locus. We provisionally labeled this novel DQ specificity DQWa. PMID- 3497873 TI - New HLA-A2 variants defined by monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Three HLA-A2 variants, A2-DW, A2-KC, and A2-Lee, were identified in three Chinese donors using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. A2-DW was negative with two of the ten HLA-A2 monoclonal antibodies tested, whereas A2-KC was negative with five of the ten and A-2 Lee was negative with one. Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells generated from the A2-DW donor recognized and killed target cells prepared from the A2-KC donor, but did not recognize target cells from HLA-A2.1, A2.2, or -A2.4 donors. In isoelectric focusing studies, A2-DW and A2-KC focus in identical positions more acidic than the other HLA-A2 antigens tested. PMID- 3497874 TI - DNA sequences of the genes that encode the CTL-defined HLA-A2 variants M7 and DK1. PMID- 3497875 TI - Immunoregulatory effect of neocortex in mice. AB - Immune responses were analyzed after neocortex ablation in mice. The neocortex ablations were performed in inbred mice on the left (ALN) or right hemisphere (ARN) separately. Two months later immunological parameters were tested. The results showed that the mitogenesis induced by Con A, natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity, production of IL-1 and IL-2 as well as the reactivity to IL-1 were all suppressed in ALN mice but stimulated in ARN mice compared to sham-operated controls. The primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was also enhanced in ARN but not ALN mice. These results indicate that there may be a different regulatory effect on the immune system mediated by the different brain hemispheres, a phenomenon named lateralization of brain. PMID- 3497876 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis NYH286 phenotypic variation may be coordinated for a repertoire of trichomonad surface immunogens. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis isolate NYH286 was fractionated with immunoglobulin G of sera from patients with trichomoniasis. Subpopulations of trichomonads with phenotypes of either patient serum-immunoglobulin G reactive (PS+) or nonreactive (PS-) were obtained. Flow cytofluorometry of PS+ and PS- subpopulations with a monoclonal antibody called C20A3 which reacts with a high-molecular-weight immunogen of T. vaginalis gave corresponding fluorescent (positive) and nonfluorescent (negative) phenotypes. No relationship was seen between PS+ and PS phenotypes and binding of soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, and concanavalin A, showing that PS- organisms still possessed carbohydrate moieties on their surfaces based on lectin binding. Phenotypic variation among the PS+ and PS- trichomonads was observed during in vitro growth. A positive-to-negative phenotype shift was also recorded for parasites obtained from lesions of mice subcutaneously infected with PS+ trichomonads. The involvement of surface proteins in the differential PS+ and PS- reactions was supported by soluble antigen and whole cell radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Finally, enhanced parasitism and killing of HeLa cells in monolayer cultures were observed for PS- subpopulations as compared with PS+ counterparts. The data support the idea that phenotypic variation for T. vaginalis may be coordinated for a repertoire of trichomonad immunogens and that such membrane dynamics influence expression of virulence determinants for these sexually transmitted disease agents. PMID- 3497877 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide: stability of expression and association with virulence. AB - Spontaneous antigenic and phenotypic variations in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of two strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were previously shown to be associated with changes in virulence (A. Kimura and E.J. Hansen, Infect. Immun. 51:69-79, 1986). The goal of the present study was to define further the stability of LOS expression by this pathogen and the role of Hib LOS in virulence. Variation in LOS antigenic reactivity, as detected with LOS-specific monoclonal antibodies, was observed in 3 of 30 Hib strains after single-colony passage. When large numbers of individual colonies from seven other Hib strains were screened, however, spontaneous LOS antigenic variation was detected in all of the strains. Antigenic variation was not consistently associated with an altered LOS phenotype, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and silver staining of LOS preparations. Changes in the LOS antigenic phenotype were correlated with altered virulence potential in two strains. In these strains, acquisition of reactivity with certain LOS directed monoclonal antibodies was associated with the synthesis of a higher molecular-weight LOS, enhanced virulence, and increased resistance to serum killing involving the classical complement pathway. PMID- 3497879 TI - Reduced immune responsiveness and lymphoid depletion in mice infected with Ehrlichia risticii. AB - The histopathology of the thymus and spleen and the response of spleen cells to mitogenic stimuli were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley CF-1 mice infected with Ehrlichia risticii. Intraperitoneal injection of 10(4) or 10(6) E. risticii infected U-937 cells into mice resulted in 100% morbidity and partial mortality. Thymic atrophy became significant between 1 and 2 weeks postinfection and remained for the duration of the study. The atrophy appeared associated with antecedent destruction and rarefaction of lymphocytes, resulting in the loss of corticomedullary demarcation. Splenomegaly was prominent; significantly increased weights were detected 7 days postinfection. Histopathologic examination revealed rarefaction of lymphocytes around central arteries, the presence of necrotic debris in histiocytes, and replacement of erythropoiesis by granulopoiesis in the red pulp. Marked and acute reduction of in vitro proliferative responses of spleen cells to concanavalin A (ConA) and phytohemagglutinin were observed in mice infected with 10(4) or 10(6) E. risticii-infected U-937 cells. Interleukin-2 activity in the supernatant of ConA-stimulated spleen cells was also severely reduced. Both changes were time- and dose-dependent and were not associated with decreased spleen cell viability. Neither morbidity nor mortality occurred in mice infected with 10(2) E. risticii-infected U-937 cells. Although there was temporal reduction in phytohemagglutinin-driven lymphocyte proliferation, reduction in neither ConA-driven lymphocyte proliferation nor interleukin-2 activity was observed with this dosage. All E. risticii-inoculated mice seroconverted between days 18 and 25, as detected by the indirect fluorescent-antibody procedure. The findings indicate for the first time the hypoimmune responsiveness and histopathologic changes in lymphoid organs associated with E. risticii infection. PMID- 3497878 TI - Recombinant murine interleukin-1 alpha enhancement of nonspecific antibacterial resistance. AB - In this study we report that treatment with recombinant murine interleukin-1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) significantly enhanced the resistance of mice to infection by the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The greatest level of protection was observed at a dose of 1,000 lymphocyte-activating factor units (approximately 0.17 micrograms) of rIL-1 alpha per mouse. Although rIL-1 alpha enhanced antibacterial resistance when administered either intravenously or intraperitoneally, greater protection was observed when the rIL-1 alpha and the L. monocytogenes challenge were given by the same parenteral route. When the intravenous route was used, antibacterial resistance was maximal when the rIL-1 alpha and L. monocytogenes were injected concomitantly. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of rIL-1 alpha was most effective when given 48 h before an intraperitoneal L. monocytogenes challenge. Based on the following lines of evidence, we concluded that contaminating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was unlikely to be responsible for the enhanced antibacterial resistance that was observed: (i) LPS was not detectable (less than 0.2 ng/ml by the lysate assay) at the concentration of rIL-1 alpha that was injected; (ii) polymyxin B did not abrogate rIL-1 alpha-enhanced antibacterial resistance; (iii) rIL-1 alpha treatment enhanced the antibacterial resistance of LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice; and (iv) injection of up to 10 micrograms of LPS per mouse (calculated to be greater than 50,000 times the concentration of LPS in the rIL-1 alpha administered) failed to duplicate the marked enhancement of antibacterial resistance that was mediated by rIL-1 alpha. These data provide evidence for the beneficial role of IL-1 in nonspecific antibacterial resistance. PMID- 3497880 TI - Role of capsule in adherence of Haemophilus influenzae type b to human buccal epithelial cells. AB - The role of capsule in the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae type b to human epithelial cells in vitro was examined. A group of 30 nonadherent isolates did not differ in degree of encapsulation compared with their respective adherent variants. Furthermore, capsule-deficient mutants of both nonadherent and adherent variants did not differ significantly in degree of adherence compared with their respective encapsulated parents. These data indicate that capsule does not significantly influence the adherence of H. influenzae type b to human epithelial cells. PMID- 3497881 TI - T cell reactivity of conjugates of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and rye-grass pollen allergens. AB - Conjugates of rye-grass pollen extract and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine were prepared using an activated form of the tripeptide. Introduction of the peptide into the extract brought about an extensive reduction of reactivity with grass-pollen-specific IgE, as measured by RAST inhibition. Despite this loss, guinea pig alveolar macrophages and murine splenic macrophages readily presented the conjugates to T lymphocytes specific for grass pollen allergens and caused their proliferation in vitro. PMID- 3497882 TI - Induction of human immunoglobulin synthesis (IgG, IgA) by the novel, T cell independent mitogen Cytophaga allerginae endotoxin. AB - Cytophaga allerginae endotoxin (CAE) has been purified from C. allerginae, a newly discovered bacterial species isolated from a chilled water spray humidification system. The present study was undertaken in order to determine whether CAE can induce immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in culture. To this end, human PBL were purified and cultured with either pokeweed mitogen at 5 micrograms/ml, or CAE (at varying concentrations) for 6 days. The levels of IgG and IgA in the supernatants were determined by the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and the IgE levels were determined by the avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results indicate that CAE added to cultures in vitro induces IgG and IgA synthesis. CAE is a T cell independent mitogen inasmuch as ciclosporin A does not inhibit CAE-stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis but does inhibit PWM-stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis. In addition, CAE causes human B cell differentiation through the B1 and the DR determinants. In summary, CAE is a novel mitogen which can be used to induce human IgG and IgA synthesis in a T cell independent manner. PMID- 3497883 TI - In vivo anti-tumor activity of combinations of interferon alpha and interleukin-2 in a murine model. Correlation of efficacy with the induction of cytotoxic cells resembling natural killer cells. AB - The in vivo anti-tumor activity of 2 recombinant cytokines, interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and human hybrid interferon alpha (rHuIFN-alpha A/D), were tested using the murine reticulum cell sarcoma M5076. Experimental hepatic metastases, following i.v. injection of tumor cells, and tumor growth and spontaneous metastases, following s.c. injection of tumor cells, were inhibited to a greater extent in mice treated with a combination of these cytokines than in animals treated with either one alone. When used in conjunction with surgical removal of the s.c. tumor, treatment of mice with both cytokines significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals. Injection of normal mice with a combination of cytokines, but not with either cytokine alone, resulted in a marked increase in cytotoxic activity of hepatic effector cells. The effector cells in these mice appeared to be NK cells since this enhanced cytotoxicity was markedly reduced in animals treated in vivo with anti-asialo GM1 or in NK-deficient beige mice. Furthermore, no in vivo efficacy was observed in M5076-bearing beige mice treated with these cytokines. Thus, injection of mice with rIL-2 and rHuIFN-alpha A/D results in the induction of an NK-cell-like population in the liver with enhanced cytotoxic activity that correlates with the observed anti-tumor activity in vivo in this murine model. These results suggest that combinations of cytokines, in particular IFN-alpha and IL-2, can be effectively used in combination for the treatment of tumors and/or metastases. PMID- 3497884 TI - Lysis of tumor cells by the retargeting of murine cytolytic T lymphocytes with bispecific antibodies. AB - The specificity and efficiency of tumor-cell lysis by the retargeting of murine cytolytic lymphocytes (CTL) with bispecific antibodies was examined. Bispecific antibodies (also known as heteroaggregated or hybrid antibodies) were produced by the chemical coupling of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against H-2 antigens and the murine T-cell receptor (TCR). Murine tumor cell lines which expressed on their plasma membrane an antigen reactive with one component of the bispecific antibody were efficiently lysed in the presence of polyclonal murine CTL. CTL capable of lysis were generated by stimulating spleen or lymph-node cells with ConA and IL-2, while unstimulated cells or cells incubated only with IL-2 showed no lysis of target cells with bispecific antibodies. Furthermore, the lysis of target cells by bispecific antibodies and CTL did not cause the lysis of bystander cells (cells not expressing an antigen recognized by the antibody which are mixed with the target cells). The efficient CTL-mediated lysis observed with these antibodies makes this a promising approach for the immunotherapy of human cancer. PMID- 3497885 TI - Effect of pectin and kaolin on bioavailability of co-trimoxazole suspension. AB - Bioavailability of co-trimoxazole suspension was determined with and without concurrent administration of pectin and kaolin in 8 volunteers. Twenty ml suspension of co-trimoxazole containing 160 mg trimethoprim (TMP) and 800 mg sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and co-trimoxazole suspension along with 20 ml of pectin kaolin suspension were administered in a random order with 7 days interval. Plasma estimation of trimethoprim and sulphonamide was carried out at serial intervals. Area under curve (AUC) and Cmax of TMP were significantly higher when co-trimoxazole suspension alone was used. No statistically significant changes were observed in case of sulphamethoxazole. Clinical study is necessary to verify whether concurrent administration of co-trimoxazole and pectin-kaolin leads to loss of antibacterial efficacy. PMID- 3497886 TI - Assessing need for marijuana dependence treatment through an anonymous telephone interview. AB - In response to public service announcements directed at adult chronic marijuana users who were concerned about their smoking, 225 individuals were interviewed anonymously by telephone. This study was conducted to determine if a population of chronic dysfunctional marijuana users existed who were both interested in being treated and not concurrently abusing alcohol and/or other psychoactive drugs. Most of the callers (73.8%) were experiencing adverse consequences associated only with marijuana use rather than in combination with other substances. Most (92%) expressed interest in being treated, while very few (18%) had ever been seen in a drug or alcohol treatment program. PMID- 3497887 TI - The immunosuppressive potency in vitro of physiological and synthetic steroids on lymphocyte cultures. AB - The immunosuppressive potency of five natural and seven synthetic steroids were tested in vitro on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral lymphocytes (PBL) and T-lymphocytes and compared to their anti-inflammatory potencies. The physiological glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone, was of intermediate immunosuppressive potency in vitro, whereas the metabolites of hydrocortisone (cortisone, dihydrocortisol, and tetrahydrocortisol) and aldosterone were without effect. The synthetic steroids, methylprednisolone and fluorohydrocortisone were both highly potent in suppressing the PHA responses of both lymphocyte subsets. Prednisolone and dexamethasone were of intermediate potency and ranked similar to hydrocortisone which is in contrast to their anti-inflammatory properties. Prednisone, the biologically inactive metabolite of prednisolone, was without immunosuppressive properties. Deoxy-deflazacort, the biologically active metabolite of deflazacort (a new oxazoline derivative of prednisolone) was comparable to prednisolone and hydrocortisone in suppressing lymphocyte proliferation but again there was a large discrepancy between the in vitro immunosuppressive effect and the anti-inflammatory potency. In conclusion, the present assay may therefore separate the immunosuppressive properties from the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids. These findings may be useful for comparison of new synthetic steroids. PMID- 3497888 TI - Effect of antimalarial drugs on stimulation and interleukin 2 production of human lymphocytes. AB - Effect of pyrimethamine, an antimalarial antifolate, and of mefloquine, chloroquine, and quinine, which belong to the quinoline group of antimalarials, on proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production of human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. Pyrimethamine at concentrations above therapeutic levels suppressed the lymphocytes' proliferation, but not their IL-2 production. All three quinolines suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes, but not equally, with mefloquine having the strongest effect. Quinine suppressed the growth at therapeutic concentrations. The IL-2 production was suppressed at concentrations twice as high as those required to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Addition of exogenous IL-2 only partially reversed the suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation. Delayed addition of the quinolines decreased their suppressive effect, but not completely. The mechanisms of action on human mononuclear cells of the various antimalarial drugs and the potential adverse effects of antimalarial chemotherapy are discussed. PMID- 3497889 TI - The combined effect of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 on interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation. AB - In this study the combined effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated mouse spleen lymphocytes was studied. IL-1 in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 U/ml consistently and significantly enhanced Con A activity. However, to be effective, IL-1 needed to be added at the time of initiation of the culture. If added 24 h later, IL-1 failed to enhance the proliferative response. PGE2 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/ml effectively inhibited or antagonized this enhancing effect of IL-1, with the majority of this IL-1 augmentation abrogated by 5.0 ng/ml PGE2. Unlike IL-1, PGE2 was as effective if added 24 h after initiation of the culture as if added simultaneously with IL-1. PGE2 was also found to markedly suppress the enhanced production of IL-2 resulting from the addition of IL-1 to Con A stimulated lymphocytes, however, the amount of IL-2 produced in the cultures containing both IL-1 and PGE2 was always greater than that produced in the cultures which contained only PGE2. This finding indicates that IL-1 could partially reverse or antagonize the suppressive effect of PGE2 on IL-2 production. In addition, PGE2 at concentrations of 1.0 and 5.0 ng/ml was also found to inhibit the proliferation of IL-2 stimulated cultured T lymphocytes, but by only about 15-20%. The addition of IL-1 to these cultured T cells neither altered the response of the culture T cells to IL-2 nor altered the sensitivity of these cells to PGE2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497890 TI - Isolation of tri-antennary enriched and tri-antennary depleted alpha-1-protease inhibitor. AB - Alpha-1-protease inhibitor, (alpha-1-PI), the major inhibitor of serine proteases in human plasma, has three asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains located at positions 46, 83 and 247. The protein has a microheterogeneity which is seen on isoelectric focusing and which is a result of whether the various carbohydrate chains are in bi- or tri-antennary forms. Tri-antennary enriched forms of alpha-1 PI are associated with inflammation. By using a combination of three methods, reductive salting out, Sepharose-bound Concanavalin A affinity chromatography, and Sepharose-bound anhydrochymotrypsin, biologically active alpha-1-PI was obtained in tri-antennary enriched and tri-antennary depleted forms. These preparations should be useful for studies on the physiological role of the carbohydrate moiety in alpha-1-PI. PMID- 3497891 TI - Evaluation of various types of new hypoxic cell sensitizers using the EMT6 single cell-spheroid-solid tumour system. AB - Eleven new hypoxic cell sensitizers representative of those developed in Japan between 1980 and 1985 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo in comparison with misonidazole (MISO), SR-2508, Ro 03-8799, and ANT (2-amino-5-nitrothiazole). The new compounds included 2-nitroimidazole nucleoside analogues, nitrotriazoles and other nitroaromatics, non-nitro compounds, and electron-affinic compounds that readily intercalate DNA. The sensitizing activity in the EMT6 single cells correlated not only with the reduction potential but, for some compounds, also with the reactivity with non-protein sulphydryls. The sensitizers were also tested using the EMT6 spheroids and solid tumours. The patterns of changes in sensitizer enhancement ratios (SERs) for single cells, spheroids, and solid tumours were classified into two types: (1) SERs for the three testing systems were similar; and (2) SERs decreased in the order of: single cells, spheroids, and solid tumours. Only nitroimidazole and nitrotriazole derivatives belonged to the former type. RK-28 and RK-29, 2-nitroimidazoles with sugar analogue components, had in vivo effects almost equal to those of MISO. Also 3- and 4 nitrotriazole derivatives had definite in vivo effects. PMID- 3497892 TI - A comparison of the intracellular uptake and radiosensitization efficiency in different media of uncharged 2-nitroimidazoles of varying lipophilicity. AB - The effect of varying octanol: water partition coefficients, P, (range 0.026-260) on the uptake of uncharged 2-nitroimidazoles into Chinese hamster V79 379A cells has been studied. Average intracellular concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography after centrifuging cells through oil or an aqueous medium. The ratio of intracellular concentration of radiosensitizer to extracellular concentration (Ci/Ce) for misonidazole (P = 0.43) was 0.85 for the oil method and 0.68 for the aqueous method. For values of P less than about 0.05 uptake was initially very slow and Ci was always less than Ce. When P greater than or equal to 0.1 uptake was rapid and then remained unchanged for times up to 3 h; for P greater than or equal to 10, Ci/Ce increased rapidly as P increased. Ro 31-1405 (P = 260) concentrated by a factor of 7 inside the cell. Although uptake was identical for cells suspended in full growth medium and PBS, radiosensitization was greater for cells in PBS: 1 mmol dm-3 misonidazole produced an enhancement ratio of 1.6 in full growth medium and 1.9 in PBS. This increase in radiosensitization could not be accounted for by protein binding. However, measurements on cellular non-protein sulphydryl (NPSH) demonstrated the levels to be reduced to about 60 per cent for cells in PBS. Similar reductions in NPSH levels have previously been shown not to increase the radiosensitivity of control cells but to increase greatly the effectiveness of nitroimidazole radiosensitizers. PMID- 3497893 TI - Synergistic interaction between vindesine and X-rays in the prenatal development of mice. AB - The modification of radiation damage by various concentrations of the oncolytic drug vindesine was studied macroscopically, using mouse embryos during the early organogenesis (days eight and nine of gestation) as the test system. The analysis at term showed that the developmental toxicity of vindesine depends on the dosage and the time of administration. In the lower dose-range (0.25 and 0.35 mg/kg), the only reaction was growth retardation, whereas higher concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) led mainly to an early resorption of implants. The more differentiated stage (day nine) exhibited a much higher sensitivity to vindesine than the embryo on day eight. Conversely, the harmful action of 0.9 Gy X-rays was restricted to the earlier period of organogenesis. The incidence of abnormalities after irradiation on day eight was 4.5 times higher than the one following exposure on day nine. The combined exposures showed a radiosensitizing capacity of the drug with respect to the teratogenic response on day eight only. The pretreatment with 0.25 mg/kg vindesine potentiated the radiation-induced malformation rate by a factor of 1.7, and the one with 0.35 mg/kg vindesine by a factor of 2.4. PMID- 3497895 TI - Reactions of linoleic acid peroxyl radicals with phenolic antioxidants: a pulse radiolysis study. AB - Linoleic acid peroxyl radicals (LOO.) can be viewed as model intermediates occurring during lipid peroxidation processes. Formation and reactions of these species were investigated in aqueous alkaline solution using the technique of pulse radiolysis combined with kinetic spectroscopy. Irradiation of linoleic acid in N2O/O2-saturated solutions leads to a mixture of peroxyl radical isomers, whereas reaction of 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid (13-LOOH) with azide radicals in N2O-saturated solution produces 13-LOO. radicals specifically. These peroxyl radicals cannot be observed directly, but their reactions with the two flavonols, kaempferol and quercetin, acting as radical-scavenging antioxidants, produced strongly absorbing aroxyl radicals (ArO.). The same aroxyl radicals were generated by .OH and N3. with rate constants exceeding 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1. Applying a reaction scheme that includes competing generation and decay reactions of both LOO. and ArO. radicals, we derived individual rate constants for LOO. reactions with the phenols (greater than 10(7) dm3 mol-1 s-1), with the aroxyl radicals to form covalent adducts (greater than 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1), as well as for their bimilecular decay (3.0 X 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1). These results demonstrate the high reactivity of both fatty acid peroxyl radicals and the flavone antioxidants in aqueous solution. PMID- 3497894 TI - Effects of amiloride on hyperthermic cell killing of normal and thermotolerant mouse fibroblast LM cells. AB - The effect of amiloride on hyperthermic cell killing of normal and thermotolerant mouse fibroblast LM cells was investigated under normal (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 6.8) conditions. Amiloride is known to inhibit the Na+/H+ exchanger in the plasma membrane, the main pH regulating mechanism in mammalian cells. The effects of low pH and amiloride on the mouse fibroblasts were qualitatively similar. For normal cells, mainly a reduction of the shoulder of the survival curve was observed, while an increase of the slope of the exponential part of the survival curve was found in thermotolerant cells. When a combination of 3 mmol dm-3 amiloride and low pH was used the effect on the hyperthermic sensitivity of normal and thermotolerant cells was not additive. This may be explained by a similarity in the mechanism of action of the two treatments, viz. inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchange, which is probably complete when 3 mmol dm-3 amiloride is used. The amiloride sensitivity of normal and thermotolerant fibroblasts is dose dependent in the range of 0.1 to 3 mmol dm-3. Because the D0 of control cells is almost independent of the amount of amiloride, a concentration-dependent reduction of the thermotolerance ratio is found, especially at higher concentrations of amiloride. PMID- 3497896 TI - Zinc release from irradiated yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The release of Zn2+ from gamma-irradiated yeast alcohol dehydrogenase has been measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Radiolysis is accompanied by release of Zn2+ at a rate which is dependent on the nature of the free radicals available for reaction. Hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms readily cause zinc release with G values of 0.13 and 0.11 (/100 eV) respectively, whereas hydrated electrons are considered not to contribute to the demetallization process. The radiolytically generated radical anions I2-., (SCN)2-. and Br2-. enhance the rate of zinc release. Evidence is presented that the enzyme is demetallized as a result of free radical reactions at cysteine and histidine residues. PMID- 3497897 TI - Alteration of membrane conductivity and fluidity in human erythrocyte membranes and erythrocyte ghosts following gamma-irradiation. AB - Alterations of electrical properties of human erythrocyte membranes induced by gamma irradiation have been studied by means of conductivity measurements in the frequency range from 10 KHz to 100 MHz. The results clearly demonstrate the role played by haemoglobin in the structural modification of the membrane produced by gamma irradiation. Further support for this point of view has been derived from electron spin resonance measurements carried out on the same samples, labelled with different spin labels which probe the outer half layer of membrane at different penetration levels. PMID- 3497898 TI - Fitting the linear-quadratic model using time of occurrence as the end-point for quantal response multifraction experiments. AB - A statistical technique is given for fitting the linear-quadratic model to experimental quantal response multifraction data using the time of the response as the end-point. The analysis used is based on the Cox Proportional Hazards model. The technique is useful for late effects where the time of occurrence of the response is dose dependent. The technique is compared to logistic regression analysis and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Both methods are applied to a lung pneumonitis experiment and a kidney experiment. PMID- 3497899 TI - 'Periodical' pattern of kinetics of DNA strand break repair following gamma irradiation of human T1-cells. PMID- 3497900 TI - Lymphocyte migration in the rheumatoid synovial membrane. AB - There are impressive similarities between the lymphocyte populations in lymph node and synovial membrane: similar amounts and classes of immunoglobulins are synthesized; lymphoid aggregates, when present in the rheumatoid synovial membrane, resemble those of the lymph node paracortex in being composed predominantly of helper-inducer T4 cells; B cells which leave tall endothelial PCV together with the T cells, tend to segregate themselves from the T cell aggregates and migrate to areas rich in macrophages where they proliferate and differentiate. In the lymph node, the B cells migrate to the primary follicles of the outer cortex and to the medullary region, while in the synovial membrane the corresponding region is the transitional area, which contains lymphocytes (predominantly T8 cells), macrophages and plasma cells. PMID- 3497901 TI - The role of cytokines in arthritic diseases: in vitro and in vivo measurements of cartilage degradation. AB - The injection of partially purified porcine synovial catabolin/IL-1 alpha intra articularly in rabbits resulted in a 50% loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) after 3 days. An increase in the synovial fluid content of GAG was found, and 35SO4 incorporation into proteoglycan was inhibited. Measurements were also made of the GAG loss from articular cartilage into the synovial fluid in human rheumatoid (RA) and osteoarthritic (OA) patients. Very high levels of GAG content in the synovial fluid was found, and calculations were made of the half-life of the cartilage proteoglycan during the active phases of the disease. Estimation of the synovial fluid GAG is believed to be a simple and quantitative method for monitoring the effectiveness of cartilage-"sparing" anti-arthritic drugs. PMID- 3497902 TI - Concentration of fibronectin and granulocyte elastase in plasma of patients with systemic connective-tissue diseases. AB - The concentration of granulocyte elastase-alpha-1-protease inhibitor (E-AT) complex in plasma is enhanced in inflammatory processes, e.g. in septicaemia and rheumatoid arthritis, being an expression of granulocyte activation during inflammatory response. In the present study we measured E-AT and fibronectin in the plasma of 46 patients with various connective-tissue diseases in relation to the course of the disease. In about 50% of the cases, E-AT was found to be elevated to 2-3 times the normal concentrations, in relation to increasing serum content of C-reactive protein. In follow-ups over 2 years, an elevation of E-AT and a decreasing fibronectin in plasma was found in patients with activated disease. Without relation to other parameters used in connective-tissue diseases, fibronectin was found to be diminished below the normal range in 7 patients with systemic lupus erythematodes and 1 patient with overlapping syndrome. Our results indicate that the concentration of E-AT and fibronectin in plasma may be helpful parameters for judging the activity of connective-tissue diseases. PMID- 3497903 TI - Prekallikrein activation, C1 esterase inhibitor, and factor XII as predictors of adverse reaction to contrast media. A prospective study. AB - The susceptibility of 152 patients to idiosyncratic reactions resulting from the administration of radiographic contrast media was studied. The rate of activation of plasma prekallikrein was measured in samples taken from these patients before they received contrast agents. Kallikrein inhibitor and factor XII levels were also determined. The tests were of no value in selecting the ten patients who subsequently experienced mild reactions. However, the possibility remains that one or more of the tests may have predictive value for patients who experience moderate or severe reactions. PMID- 3497904 TI - Oesophageal ulceration in Behcet's disease presenting with haemorrhage. PMID- 3497905 TI - Seasonal variation in paired maternal-newborn serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Israel. AB - Seasonal changes were observed in the vitamin D status of mothers and their newly born infants in sunny Israel. Maternal and newborn serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were lower (less than 0.01) in March-April (n = 45 pairs), than in September-October (n = 33 pairs). Parallel seasonal changes were also found in serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24, 25-(OH)2D] concentrations. In the spring, 20% of the mothers and 40% of their infants had vitamin D deficiency or borderline serum 25-OHD levels. In the autumn, in contrast, none of the mothers and only one newborn were vitamin D-deficient, and one mother and two newborns had borderline serum 25-OHD levels. The results demonstrate that even in Mediterranean climates there are seasonal changes in maternal vitamin D status, which have a significant effect on the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites in their newborn infants. This raises the question as to whether vitamin D supplements should be given to pregnant women in Israel, at least during the winter. PMID- 3497906 TI - The Scottish Heart Health Study: objectives and development of methods. PMID- 3497907 TI - The effect of irradiated blood mononuclear cells on the hemoglobin biosynthesis in cultures of erythroid progenitors from adults and neonates. PMID- 3497908 TI - [Effects of visual field stabilization on the behavior of automobile drivers: visuo-vestibular model trials]. AB - Postural changes of body equilibrium on a moving force plate were examined for sinusoidal movements, saccades and frequency whilst different stimuli were applied under various visual conditions. If a dynamic stimulus was used, the stabilization of vision shows a distinct visual-vestibular conflict which provokes postural disequilibrium. This is the cause of motion sickness during car driving. This disequilibrium is also the cause of the motor insecurity experienced during walking and reading at the same time. PMID- 3497909 TI - HLA-Dw clusters associated with DR4 in Israeli Jews and the definition of a new DR4 associated Dw subtype: Dw"SHA". AB - A homozygous typing cell (HTC), that identifies a newly defined HLA-Dw determinant Dw"SHA," is described. The donor of the HTC was a Yeminite Jew and an offspring of first cousin marriage. This cell is not included in the known DR4 associated specificity clusters Dw4,Dw10,Dw13,Dw14,Dw15, or the provisional cluster Dw"KT2." Dw"SHA" was shown to segregate with DR4 positive haplotypes in family analysis, and in a population study was present in three of 43 unrelated DR4 positive individuals. This new Dw determinant was detected in Israeli Jews of Yemenite origin bearing the haplotype HLA-Bw41,DR4,DQw3. This indicates that Bw41,DR4,DQw3,Dw"SHA" may represent a typical allele combination in Yemenite Jews. Among 43 DR4 haplotypes in Israeli Jews, Dw10 had the highest antigen frequency (41.8%), whereas in American Caucasoids and in Japanese, Dw4 and Dw15 were most frequent, 44% and 40.5%, respectively. PMID- 3497910 TI - Temporal appearance of antisperm autoantibodies in Lewis rats following vasectomy. AB - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to monitor antisperm autoantibodies in 16 Lewis rats for up to 36 weeks following vasectomy. This assay was capable of discriminating all prevasectomy from postvasectomy sera at a 1:16 dilution. Weekly serum samples were obtained for the first 13 weeks and bimonthly samples thereafter. Half of the animals developed a positive antisperm autoantibody response by the end of the first postoperative week. By the end of the second week, 81% of the animals had positive responses. The greatest proportion (88%) of animals having a positive response over the course of the study was found at the end of the seventh postoperative week and the highest mean absorbance value for all 16 animals was observed at this time. Only 25% of the animals had positive responses for antisperm autoantibody at the end of the 35th week of the study. These findings indicate that circulating antisperm autoantibodies arise in the Lewis rat earlier than has been generally appreciated. The time course is similar to that of antibody titers to infectious agents or arising from inoculation of rats with spermatozoa. These findings on autoantibody levels in the Lewis rat are compared with the dynamics of antisperm autoantibody formation in man. PMID- 3497912 TI - Sensitivity of neurons in the dorsal medullary nucleus of the grassfrog to spectral and temporal characteristics of sound. AB - The responses of 58 dorsal medullary nucleus units to a set of spectrally and temporally structured stimuli were investigated. Responses to tonepips and noise indicated monomodal spectral sensitivities, with diverse response patterns. Phase locking was strong for frequencies from 0.1 to 0.2 kHz, and in one unit extended up to 0.6 kHz. To clicks, amplitude modulated tonebursts and natural and artificial versions of the mating call various responses were found. Most low frequency units fired tonically. They showed a non-selective or low-pass rate response to increasing modulation frequency, and a low-pass synchronization behavior to the envelope. A group of mid-frequency units fired phasically and exhibited a band-pass rate characteristic of amplitude modulated tonebursts. Frequently this was combined with a low-pass rate characteristic of click trains. These units hardly responded to the time-reversed mating call, but fired in a time-locked fashion to the pulses of the original mating call, up to a signal-to noise ratio of 0 dB. This suggests that aspects of pulse envelope and interpulse interval are coded in the dorsal medullary nucleus. PMID- 3497911 TI - Is GABA an afferent transmitter in the vestibular system? AB - This study was undertaken to determine the possible role of GABA as an afferent transmitter in the vestibular system of the axolotl. We studied the effects of GABA, muscimol, bicuculline and picrotoxin on the spontaneous spike discharge of the afferent fibers of the sacculi lagena and anterior semicircular canal. It was found that GABA and muscimol produce a very weak excitatory effect which does not mimic either the temporal course or the amplitude of the response of vestibular afferents to physiological stimuli. The GABA antagonist bicuculline has no significant effect on these fibers, and picrotoxin partially blocks the spontaneous activity in 33% of the fibers studied. These results indicate that GABA is probably not an afferent transmitter in the vestibular system as has previously been proposed. PMID- 3497913 TI - Antibiotics in Yersinia enterocolitica infections. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, course, effects of treatment and outcome of patients with Yersinia enterocolitica infections. A total of 189 patients were followed: 62.5% had enteric forms of illness, 20.6% extramesenteric forms, 23.2% arthritis and erythema nodosum. Lymphadenopathy with high fever and weight loss, a septic syndrome and hepatitis were predominant manifestations of the extramesenteric form. Ten per cent of the isolates (135) were susceptible to amoxycillin (4 mg/l), 38% to cephradine (8 mg/l), 82% to doxycycline (4 mg/l), 83% to chloramphenicol (4 mg/l), 85% to trimethoprim (1 mg/l), 87% to cefuroxime (8 mg/l), 92% to piperacillin (16 mg/l), 99% to gentamicin (1 mg/l) and 100% to cefotaxime (4 mg/l), pefloxacin (0.12 mg/l), ofloxacin (0.06 mg/l) and ciprofloxacin (0.016 mg/l). The majority of the patients with enteritis recovered without antibiotic therapy. The duration of enteritis was not significantly influenced by antibiotic treatment. Eighty five patients, 46 with enteric and 39 with extramesenteric forms were treated. The clinical response to co-trimoxazole was 71%, and to doxycycline 75%. Cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, piperacillin and gentamicin failed in seven of eight courses. Three patients treated with ciprofloxacin responded well. The role of quinolones in yersiniosis needs further attention. PMID- 3497914 TI - The effect of imipenem on strains of Enterobacteriaceae expressing Richmond & Sykes class I beta-lactamases. AB - Fourteen strains of Enterobacteriaceae producing Richmond & Sykes Class I beta lactamase were studied. The ability of cefoxitin and imipenem to induce beta lactamase production (reversible derepression) and to select stably derepressed mutants in these strains was assessed. beta-Lactamase induction by cefoxitin and imipenem was demonstrated by the disc diffusion technique in all strains. Cefoxitin selected stably derepressed mutants for all strains in broth cultures, but in an identical experiment imipenem did not. The susceptibility of each strain and its stably derepressed mutant (selected with cefoxitin) to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics was then ascertained. The stably derepressed mutants exhibited decreased susceptibility to all antibiotics tested except imipenem. The decrease in susceptibility varied between strains and between antibiotics but reached a maximum of a 256-fold decrease. The beta-lactamase activity of selected stably derepressed mutant strains showed at least a 600-fold increase in activity. Imipenem would therefore seem an appropriate choice for therapy of infections caused by this group of organisms, as it is active against derepressed mutants and unlikely to select any such strains during therapy. PMID- 3497915 TI - Citrobacter diversus ULA27 produces two forms of a chromosomal beta-lactamase. AB - A multi-resistant clinical isolate of Citrobacter diversus, particularly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, has been studied. The strain produced constitutively high levels of beta-lactamase which efficiently hydrolysed cephaloridine but not ampicillin. The apparent Km value for cephaloridine (125 +/- 25 microM) was within the range usually observed for beta lactamases in similar bacteria. The strain possessed two forms of the enzyme as indicated by isoelectric focusing patterns, HPLC analysis and two pH optima. SDS PAGE analysis indicated a single protein responsible for both forms. The strain possessed a single plasmid, as revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis, but beta lactamase production was not plasmid encoded. The available data indicate the beta-lactamase(s) of C. diversus ULA27 to be chromosomally encoded. PMID- 3497916 TI - Comparative efficacies of ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol in treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia. AB - An experimental murine model of bacteraemic Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin, as compared with ampicillin and chloramphenicol. An ampicillin-sensitive (AS) and an ampicillin resistant (AR) challenge strain were employed. Ciprofloxacin treatment produced intrapulmonary killing of H. influenzae which was superior to that achieved with ampicillin (P less than 0.001, both strains) and chloramphenicol (P less than 0.001, strain AS; P less than 0.005, strain AR). Likewise, survival from strain AS pneumonia was 61% in the ciprofloxacin-treated animals, as compared with 43% for the chloramphenicol-treated, and 22% for the ampicillin-treated groups. We conclude that ciprofloxacin may be an effective agent in treating pneumonia caused by either ampicillin-sensitive or ampicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae. PMID- 3497917 TI - Effects of endogenous pyrogen and prostaglandin E2 on hypothalamic neurons in guinea pig brain slices. AB - To investigate the direct effects of endogenous pyrogen (EP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the activity of neurons in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic (PO AH) region, single-unit activity was recorded from brain tissue slices prepared from the PO-AH region of guinea pigs. When EP was applied into the perfusate 18% of warm-responsive neurons decreased their activity, and 23% of warm-responsive neurons increased their activity. Most of the thermally insensitive neurons did not respond to EP. PGE2 inhibited 29% of warm-responsive neurons and facilitated 15% of them. Moreover, when EP and PGE2 were applied to the same neurons at different times, the same directions of changes in neuronal activity were observed in 72% of total neurons examined. These results suggest that EP and PGE2 change the neuronal activity of the thermoresponsive neurons in the PO-AH region involved in fever induction. However, by these results, the direction of neuronal response induced by these substances could not be generally categorized based on the thermoresponsiveness of the individual neuron. PMID- 3497918 TI - From growth factor dependence to growth factor responsiveness: the genesis of an alveolar macrophage cell line. AB - A rat pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) cell line (NR8383) was initiated in culture in the presence of a gerbil lung cell conditioned medium (GLCM), and has been propagated continuously for over 36 mo. When examined at different times throughout this in vitro period, NR8383 exhibited characteristics typical of macrophages: (a) Zymosan ingestion was seen in 90 to 98% of the cells examined; (b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa phagocytosis in 50 to 80%; (c) Nonspecific esterase activity in greater than 95%. During the first 6 mo., the PAM replicated with doubling times approximating 15 to 20 d. Throughout this period, GLCM dependence was evident. After 27 wk in vitro, NR8383 replication increased markedly, and within 2 wk, the doubling time was less than 48 h. NR8383 was readily monitored by [3H]thymidine (TdR) blastogenesis assay. In the presence of GLCM uptake of [3H]TdR was fivefold greater than in control cultures. Adherence and growth kinetics were effectively controlled by modulation of GLCM or serum content in culture medium. It was demonstrated that PAM growth factor(s) is ubiquitous, not species-specific, and under certain conditions may be derived from "endogenous" sources of persisting non-PAM populations within the parent, uncloned line NR8383. Cloned progeny remain devoid of non-PAM "feeder" cells, but retain macrophage properties, including interleukin-1 secretion, Fc receptors, and H2O2 production. PMID- 3497919 TI - Sequential appearance of epidermal growth factor in plasma membrane-associated and intracellular vesicles during endocytosis. AB - Receptor-mediated internalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) occurs by a process involving initially clathrin-coated pits on the cell surface and the subsequent formation of ligand-containing endosomes. Using a modified acid wash technique, cell surface-bound EGF was removed. Utilizing sucrose density centrifugation, the residual cell-associated EGF was separated into plasma membrane-associated and intracellular vesicle-associated forms. Using these procedures we have identified a transient form of cell-associated EGF that is still attached to the plasma membrane but not accessible to the extracellular fluid. This form of EGF appears to be the precursor for endosomic EGF. We suggest that this intermediate form represents the receptor-ligand complex shown by electronmicroscopy to be located in narrow-necked plasma membrane invaginations (Willingham, M. C., and Pastan, I. (1980) Cell 21, 67-77). PMID- 3497920 TI - F-actin-binding synthetic heptapeptide having the amino acid sequence around the SH1 cysteinyl residue of myosin. AB - The heptapeptide Ile-Arg-Ile-Cys-Arg-Lys-Gly-ethyl ester, having the amino acid sequence around the SH1 of myosin heavy chain, was coprecipitated with F-actin after ultracentrifugation. The heptapeptide inhibited the formation of acto-S-1 rigor complex by competing with S-1 for actin. Assuming a simple competitive inhibition, the dissociation constant of acto-heptapeptide complex was evaluated as 0.23 mM. An N-terminal tripeptide derivative from the heptapeptide Ile-Arg-Ile methyl ester also formed a complex with F-actin with a dissociation constant of 1.1 mM. However, the other piece, Cys-Arg-Lys-Gly-ethyl ester, and a tetrapeptide, Val-Leu-Glu-Gly-ethyl ester, having the sequence adjacent to the N terminal of the heptapeptide, scarcely bound with F-actin. These results suggest that part of the actin-binding site of myosin heavy chain around SH1 (Katoh, T., Katoh, H., and Morita, F. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6723-6727) has the sequence of Ile-Arg-Ile and it is located adjacent to SH1 on its N-terminal side. PMID- 3497921 TI - Characterization of the cell surface heterodimer VLA-4 and related peptides. AB - A monoclonal antibody (B-5G10) was produced which specifically recognizes the Mr 150,000/130,000 VLA-4 complex on the surface of human cells. Cross-linking studies indicated that the Mr 150,000 alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 is in noncovalent 1:1 association with the Mr 130,000 VLA beta subunit. In the absence of cross linking, the VLA-4 alpha 4 beta subunit complex was easily dissociated, especially in Nonidet P-40 detergent, or at elevated pH (above 8.0). Studies of dissociated subunits showed that B-5G10 recognizes an epitope on the Mr 150,000 alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4, whereas the beta subunit is immunologically identical to the Mr 130,000 beta subunit common to all VLA heterodimers. VLA-4 is widely distributed on hematopoietic cells, including thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, activated T cells, T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, and myeloid cell lines. However, VLA-4 is only weakly expressed on most adherent cell lines tested. Immunoprecipitates of VLA-4 often contain additional proteins of Mr 80,000 and Mr 70,000. These are probably derived from the Mr 150,000 alpha 4 subunit because: 1) they are both recognized by anti-alpha 4 sera, but not anti beta sera; 2) the sum of their sizes is equal to the size of alpha 4; 3) they are selectively coexpressed with alpha 4 and not other VLA alpha subunits; 4) the Mr 80,000 protein has an identical NH2-terminal sequence to alpha 4; 5) like alpha 4, the Mr 70,000 and 80,000 peptides can variably associate with the VLA beta subunit; and 6) trypsin appears to cleave the Mr 150,000 alpha 4 subunit into products of Mr 70,000 and 80,000. PMID- 3497923 TI - Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 cause a rapid and transient stimulation of c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels in human fibroblasts. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were shown previously to be mitogenic for human fibroblasts. Here we show that recombinant human TNF and recombinant human IL-1 alpha increase steady state levels of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogene mRNAs in quiescent human FS-4 fibroblasts. Proto-oncogene mRNA levels were enhanced within 20 min of TNF or IL-1 addition, peaked at 30 min, and declined to undetectable levels (c-fos) or basal levels (c-myc) by 60 or 90 min. A similar rapid increase in c-fos and c-myc mRNA was seen in quiescent FS-4 cells exposed to cycloheximide. However, in the presence of cycloheximide, both proto oncogene mRNA levels continued to rise for at least 90 min. The transient nature of the increase in c-myc mRNA levels appears to be a response characteristic for TNF and IL-1 because in quiescent FS-4 cells exposed to 10% fetal bovine serum, steady state levels of c-myc mRNA remained elevated for at least 4 h. PMID- 3497922 TI - Regulation of inositol phosphate metabolism in chemoattractant-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Definition of distinct dephosphorylation pathways for IP3 isomers. AB - The metabolism of the calcium mobilizing inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) isomer was studied in myo-[3H]inositol labeled, chemoattractant-stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and in PMN lysates. It was determined that 1,4,5-IP3 is metabolized in vitro by two distinct pathways: 1) by sequential dephosphorylation to 1,4-IP2, 4-IP1, and inositol or 2) by ATP dependent conversion to 1,3,4,5-IP4, followed by dephosphorylation to form 1,3,4-IP3, 3,4 IP2, 3-IP1, and inositol. In PMNs stimulated with 0.1 microM N-formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), 1,4-IP2, 1,4,5-IP3, and IP4, were elevated by 5 s; whereas production of 1,3,4-IP3, 3,4-IP2, and IP1 occurred only after an initial lag (approximately 15 s). The predominant IP1 isomer formed in fMet-Leu Phe-stimulated cells was 4-IP1. Production of 1,3,4-IP3 and 3,4-IP2 was markedly reduced (17 and 35% of control, respectively) in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated cells pretreated to prevent a rise in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). PMNs were also stimulated with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) since this agent is a poor activator of the respiratory burst compared to fMet-Leu-Phe. Peak levels (5 s) of 1,4,5-IP3 were equivalent after stimulation with 0.1 microM fMet-Leu-Phe versus 0.1 microM LTB4 (320 +/- 38% versus 378 +/- 38% of control values, respectively; n = 5); however, at 30 s, 1,4,5-IP3 remained elevated only in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated cells. Similarly, elevation of [Ca2+]i was more prolonged in response to 0.1 microM fMet Leu-Phe (greater than 3 min) versus LTB4 (1 min). Thus, signal transduction in PMNs may be modulated by both the duration of the initial 1,4,5-IP3 signal and by the metabolic pathway(s) utilized to convert this IP3 isomer to other, potentially active inositol phosphate products. PMID- 3497924 TI - Crystals and a low resolution structure of interleukin-2. AB - Recombinant derived human interleukin-2 and an analog in which cysteine 125 has been replaced with alanine have been crystallized in a form suitable for x-ray diffraction. The crystals are triclinic, space group P1, with two protein molecules in the unit cell; unit cell parameters are a = 55.8 A, b = 40.1 A, c = 33.7 A, alpha = 90.0 degrees, beta = 109.3 degrees, gamma = 93.2 degrees. The interleukin-2 structure has been solved to 5.5 A resolution using heavy atom isomorphous replacement methods. The resultant low resolution model reveals a significant fraction of alpha helical secondary structure and outlines the overall tertiary structure of the molecule. PMID- 3497925 TI - 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Evidence for a conformational change in the enzyme upon binding of tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates. AB - The 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase domain of the trifunctional enzyme C1 tetrahydrofolate synthase appears to undergo a conformational change in the presence of tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates, MgATP, and ammonium ion. The binding of these ligands increases the denaturation temperature of the enzyme by 12 degrees C, abolishes the cold lability of the enzyme, and alters its susceptibility to digestion by chymotrypsin. The results suggest that a conformational change is dependent upon binding of the third glutamate residue of tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates and the beta-phosphoryl group of MgATP. The Km values for MgATP and formate are lowered 3.6- and 520-fold, respectively, when tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate is used as the substrate in place of tetrahydropteroylmonoglutamate. A sensitive coupled assay involving C1 tetrahydrofolate synthase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase was developed to determine the activity of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. The assay gives linear rates with the tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates as substrates but not with the monoglutamate form. PMID- 3497926 TI - Developmental expression, cellular localization, and testosterone regulation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in Mus caroli kidney. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1-protease inhibitor), an essential plasma protein, is synthesized predominantly in the liver of all mammals. We have previously shown that Mus caroli, a Southeast Asian mouse species is exceptional in that it expresses abundantly alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA and polypeptide, in the kidney as well as the liver (Berger, F.G., and Baumann, H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 1160 1165) providing a unique model for examination of the evolution of genetic determinants of tissue-specific gene expression. In the present paper, we have further characterized alpha 1-antitrypsin expression in M. caroli. The extrahepatic expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin is limited to the kidney, specifically within a subset of the proximal tubule cells. The developmental pattern of alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA expression in the kidney differs from that in the liver. In the kidney, alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA is present at only 2-4% adult level at birth and increases very rapidly to adult level during puberty between 26 and 36 days of age. There are no significant changes in liver alpha 1 antitrypsin mRNA levels during this period. Testosterone, while having only modest affects on alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA accumulation in the adult kidney, causes a 20-fold induction of the mRNA in the pre-pubertal kidney. This suggests that the increase in alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA expression during puberty is testosterone mediated. Southern blot analyses of Mus domesticus and M. caroli genomic DNA and a cloned M. caroli alpha 1-antitrypsin genomic sequence, indicate that a single alpha 1-antitrypsin gene exists in M. caroli, whereas multiple copies exist in M. domesticus. These data show that the alteration in tissue specificity of alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA accumulation that has occurred during Mus evolution is associated with distinctive developmental and hormonally regulated expression patterns. PMID- 3497927 TI - Metabolically inactive 3T3 cells can substitute for marrow stromal cells to promote the proliferation and development of multipotent haemopoietic stem cells. AB - When highly enriched multipotential spleen colony forming cells (CFU-S) obtained following fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS-CFU-S) are cultured on marrow stromal cells, they undergo proliferation and development to produce mature haemopoietic cells (Spooncer et al., Nature, 316:62-64, 1985). We now show that FACS-CFU-S behave in a similar way when cultured on monolayers of 3T3 cells, indicating that the 3T3 cells can supply at least part of the environment which is representative of marrow stromal cells and provide, therefore, a system for studying stromal cell: haemopoietic cell interactions. We also demonstrate that IL-3-dependent multipotential stem cell lines (FDCP-Mix), but not a variety of other "committed" IL-3-dependent cell lines, resemble FACS-CFU-S in terms of their ability to proliferate and differentiate when cultured on 3T3 cells in the absence of IL-3. In this system, attachment of the FDCP-Mix to the 3T3 cells is critical for the subsequent maintenance of viability and stimulation of development of the cells. When the FDCP-Mix cells are physically separated from the 3T3 cells, they die and their death cannot be prevented by using 3T3-cell conditioned medium. The extracellular matrix generated by 3T3 cells is not sufficient for promoting attachment or viability of the FDCP-Mix cells, indicating the importance of integral membrane components. However, attachment and development of FDCP-Mix cells occurs on 3T3 cells that have been lightly fixed with glutaraldehyde indicating that active metabolism is not essential for the effects promoted by the 3T3 cells. We suggest that the ability of FACS-CFU-S and FDCP-Mix cells to respond to 3T3 cells involves specific ligand/receptor interactions. PMID- 3497928 TI - Interactions of dimethyl sulfoxide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors on the growth and maturation of HL-60 cells. AB - We have studied the interactions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) cell-conditioned medium (GCT CM), and highly purified granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF) on the growth and maturation of a highly passaged population of HL-60 cells. DMSO produced dose-dependent inhibition of HL-60 growth in liquid and semisolid media. Growth was partially to completely restored by the addition of GCT CM to cultures. Experiments in which cell volume, cell cycle kinetics, tritiated thymidine (3HTdr) incorporation, cell number, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction were compared during culture indicated that DMSO inhibited the spontaneous increase in cell volume and flow of cells through the cell cycle which occurred in the first day of culture, the increase in 3HTdr incorporation which was detectable by day 2; and the increment in cell counts which occurred by day 3. These effects were opposed by GCT CM. In contrast, the DMSO-induced increase in NBT reduction which occurred by day 6 was not influenced by GCT CM. The major principle opposing DMSO was GM-CSF, since (1) highly purified GM-CSF from GCT cells and recombinant GM-CSF from COS cells transfected with the Mo cell GM-CSF gene overcame greater than 50% of DMSO inhibition; and (2) conditioned media from cells not producing CSF, G-CSF from GCT cells, and recombinant G-CSF from Escherichia coli transfected with the G-CSF gene from 5,637 cells were inactive. DMSO had little or no effect on the elaboration of autostimulatory activity by HL-60 cells. DMSO is a useful agent for inhibiting the spontaneous growth of HL-60 cells and restoring their dependence on GM-CSF, a property which may be mediated through the effects of DMSO on cell cycle kinetics and/or maturation. PMID- 3497929 TI - Protamine sulfate inhibits mitogenic activities of the extracellular matrix and fibroblast growth factor, but potentiates that of epidermal growth factor. AB - Protamine sulfate, an inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo, markedly inhibits the ability of angiogenic factors such as acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF) to stimulate the proliferation in vitro of either BHK-21 cells or vascular endothelial cells. The inhibition is reversible, and cells remain viable even after prolonged exposure to protamine sulfate. Protamine sulfate inhibits the mitogenic effects of both growth factors by preventing them from binding to their common cell surface receptors. It also inhibits the mitogenic activity of the extracellular matrix produced by bovine corneal endothelial cells. This substrate has been shown in previous studies to replace the requirement for FGF of many cell types. In contrast, protamine sulfate potentiates the mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF). This indicates that protamine sulfate also acts at cellular sites which are not associated with FGF receptors. PMID- 3497930 TI - Diminished calcium influx in lectin-stimulated T cells from old mice. AB - T lymphocytes from aged donors function poorly, but the biochemical basis for the defect remains uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that T cells from old mice had a diminished ability to transmit extracellular signals into the cytoplasm, by measuring intracellular free calcium concentrations (Cai) in T cells stimulated by the polyclonal activator concanavalin A (Con A). Using the second-generation fluorochrome indo-1 as a reporter of Cai, we found that the Con A-induced elevation of Cai levels is reduced both in rate and extent in old T cells, as compared to T cells from young mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed that this age-sensitive change represents a decline, with age, in the number of T cells that can respond to Con A by increasing their Cai above resting baseline levels (100-120 nM). These results thus show that defects in activation are manifested by T cells from old donors within the first 5 minutes of the activation process, and suggest that aging may lead to alterations either in the surface molecules that receive extracellular signals, or in the sequence of coupled events by which these extracellular signals bring about alterations in the intracellular ionic milieu. PMID- 3497931 TI - Iron-transferrin-induced increase in protein kinase C activity in CCRF-CEM cells. AB - Iron transferrin has been found to induce a mean 10-fold increase in the activity of protein kinase C in CCRF-CEM cells. This increase was not detectable up to 45 min after treatment of cells with iron transferrin, although after 60 min, a maximal increase in enzyme activity was observed. Similarly, iron transferrin at concentrations of 0.1-0.5 microgram/ml did not alter protein kinase C activity, while concentrations of iron transferrin of 1-100 micrograms/ml induced a maximal increase in enzyme activity. Apotransferrin and iron in the form of ferric citrate, as well as complexes of transferrin with copper, nickel, zinc, manganese, and cobalt did not increase protein kinase C activity. Additionally, CCRF-CEM cells pretreated with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide and then incubated with iron transferrin did not exhibit increased enzyme activity. Treatment with iron transferrin was found to have no effect on protein kinase C activity in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in HL60, Daudi, and U937 cells. However, normal lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin for 48 hr exhibited a 2-fold increase in protein kinase C activity following treatment with iron transferrin. These results indicate a specific effect of iron transferrin on protein kinase C activity in CCRF-CEM cells and in mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes that may occur through increased synthesis of the enzyme. PMID- 3497932 TI - Effects of EGF and calcium on adult parenchymal hepatocyte proliferation. AB - Adult rat hepatocytes were grown in serum-free medium containing 0.05-4 mM Ca++ and 40 ng/ml EGF. After 48 hours of cultivation the mitotic index and the percentage of second division metaphases were determined. The results demonstrated a maximum proliferation response to EGF at a Ca++ concentration of 0.4 mM. With lower and higher external Ca++ concentrations the fraction of cells undergoing more than one cell division decreased. At lower Ca++ concentrations this decrease appears to result from a reduced viability. In contrast, the low response to EGF at higher Ca++ concentrations--especially in the physiological range--may reflect the influence of Ca++ on the state of hepatocyte differentiation. PMID- 3497933 TI - Colony-stimulating factor-1 induces thromboplastin activity in murine macrophages and human monocytes. AB - Highly purified colony-stimulating factor-1 induced thromboplastin activity in murine macrophages and human monocytes in vitro. The activity increase was inhibited by cycloheximide and prevented by antibodies to CSF-1. PMID- 3497934 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of proteinase inhibitor alpha-1 antichymotrypsin in normal human central nervous system. AB - The presence of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, a serine proteinase inhibitor with a high affinity for cathepsin G, is demonstrated in the normal human central nervous system (CNS) by immunohistochemical techniques. Paraffin-embedded normal human CNS tissue from five adult, two fetal, one neonatal and three newborn autopsies were stained with monospecific rabbit antibodies to human alpha-1 antichymotrypsin using biotinylated goat anti-rabbit antibodies and an avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex. Positive immunostaining was seen in neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord of the adults. The epithelium of the adult choroid plexus had the most intense staining in apical granular organelles corresponding in position to lysosomes or secretory granules. Ependymal cells, particularly those near the choroid plexus, were immunostained. The fetal CNS had no alpha-1 antichymotrypsin staining. Limited staining of choroid plexus, ependyma, and frontal lobe was found in the newborns. Immunostaining in the neonatal temporal lobe was only found in the choroid-plexus epithelium. These observations establish a widespread distribution of this proteinase inhibitor in the normal human CNS. Developmental regulation of this inhibitor in the human CNS is also indicated. PMID- 3497935 TI - Vaccinia virus and the EGF receptor: a portal for infectivity? AB - We previously demonstrated that occupancy of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor reduced the ability of vaccinia virus to infect L cells [Eppstein et al: Nature 318:663, 1985]. This result suggested that vaccinia virus was utilizing the EGF receptor as one pathway to infect cells. We have studied this system further, and now find that antibodies to the EGF receptor also reduce the ability of vaccinia virus to infect cells productively. Inclusion of both EGF and antibodies to the EGF receptor did not cause inhibition over that obtained by EGF alone, providing another line of evidence that the antiviral effects on vaccinia virus were at the level of the EGF receptor. The antiviral effects of EGF or synthetic peptides corresponding to the third disulfide loop of TGF-alpha or the vaccinia virus growth factor were specific to vaccinia virus and did not inhibit replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 or vesicular stomatitis virus. The inhibitory effects on replication of vaccinia virus were obtained when EGF (but not insulin or growth hormone) was present prior to, but not after, productive viral adsorption. These results provided further evidence that the antivaccinia viral effects of EGF were at the level of initial receptor occupancy. As interferon (IFN) treatment has been shown to interfere with the action of some growth factors, including EGF, we examined the effects of IFN treatment of cells on the antivaccinia viral activity of EGF. Our results show that the antivaccinia effect of IFN-beta either interfered with or partially coalesced with the inhibitory effects of EGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497936 TI - Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis by a bovine sialoglycopeptide inhibitor occurs at an intracellular level. AB - The control of cell proliferation involves the complex interaction between growth factors and growth inhibitors. We have examined this interaction with the mitogen epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a recently purified 18 kD, pI 3, sialoglycopeptide that reversibly inhibits cellular metabolism of a variety of cells. The sialoglycopeptide was a very potent inhibitor of EGF action; 0.22 nM of the inhibitor completely blocked the mitogenic effect of 1.60 nM of EGF. The sialoglycopeptide, however, did not affect the binding of EGF to 3T3 cells. Neither the mixed affinities (0.11-1.9 nM) of binding nor the total number of receptors (50,000 receptors/cell) for EGF were altered by the addition of the sialoglycopeptide. In addition, competitive binding experiments demonstrated the specificity of inhibitor binding to 3T3 cells and also showed that EGF and the sialoglycopeptide did not share the same receptor, suggesting that the inhibitor blocked EGF action at a postreceptor, intracellular event in the signal cascade. We further demonstrated that the sialoglycopeptide had to be added within 2.5 hr after EGF to block effectively the stimulation of DNA synthesis by the growth factor, suggesting that the inhibitor blocked EGF stimulation at a relatively early step in the signal transduction mechanism. PMID- 3497937 TI - Quantitative determination of prostaglandins E1, E2 and E3 in frog tissue. AB - A method was developed for quantitative determination of endogenous production of prostaglandin (PG)E1, PGE2 and PGE3 by Rana temporaria lung, heart and urinary bladder homogenates, since these tissues contain the precursors, 8,11,14 eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids. Following homogenization and shaking at 22 degrees C for 30 min, media were extracted by XAD-2, treated with sodium hydroxide in order to convert PGE compounds into PGB compounds, purified by thin-layer chromatography, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with homo-PGE1 as an internal standard. The ratio of prostaglandins E1, E2 and E3 compared to the ratio of fatty acid precursors in tissue suggested that the tissue content of precursor is not the only factor determining the type of prostaglandin synthesized. PMID- 3497938 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of vancomycin in plasma, bone, atrial appendage tissue and pericardial fluid. AB - Solid-phase extraction coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and UV detection was employed for the analysis of the antibiotic vancomycin in patient plasma, bone, atrial appendage, and pericardial fluid. Vancomycin was quantitated in samples from patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Calibrations were linear in the range 3-100 micrograms/ml vancomycin; the lower limit of detection was approximately 3 micrograms/ml in fluids with an absolute limit of detection in bone samples of 0.75 microgram per injection. PMID- 3497939 TI - Kinetic analysis of inhibition of human adrenal steroidogenesis by ketoconazole. AB - The kinetics of the inhibitory effects of the imidazole antimicrobial ketoconazole on the activities of the steroidogenic enzymes distal to cholesterol side-chain cleavage were studied in human adrenal microsomal and mitochondrial suspensions. Although ketoconazole was a competitive inhibitor of all five enzyme reactions, the effects on 17-hydroxylase, 17,20-desmolase, and 11-hydroxylase activities (Ki = 10(-8) M) were considerably greater than those on 21-hydroxylase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase activities (Ki = 10(-4) M). These findings explain the clinical endocrine effects of ketoconazole in the usual therapeutic doses, which include inhibition of cortisol and androgen secretion, compensatory ACTH-mediated secretion of 17-desoxysteroids such as progesterone and aldosterone, and suppression of PRA. PMID- 3497940 TI - Perinatal serum bone Gla-protein and vitamin D metabolites in preterm and fullterm neonates. AB - Whether the hypocalcemia often found in premature neonates results from an adaptation to extrauterine life or an expression of imbalanced mineral homeostasis has yet to be established. We compared serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], and bone Gla-protein (BGP), a specific marker of bone formation during the first month of life in fullterm and preterm neonates. Measurements were performed in cord blood and on days 1, 5, and 30 of life. In maternal blood, mean serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were higher in the mothers of premature than in those of fullterm neonates, and serum BGP concentrations were lower than those in nonpregnant women. In cord blood mean serum BGP levels were 2-3 times higher than in adults. Serum BGP increased significantly on days 5 and 30 in fullterm infants. In preterm infants, and increase was found only on day 30. Mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were lower in neonates than in mothers, but not different in fullterm and preterm neonates. In fullterm infants serum 1,25-(OH)2D increased rapidly from birth to day 5 and decreased on day 30. The pattern was similar in preterm infants, but 1,25-(OH)2D was higher than in fullterm infants on day 30. No sustained correlation between serum BGP and 1,25 (OH)2D levels was found. These data support the contention that changes in 1,25 (OH)2D reflect the perinatal equilibration of calcium homeostasis. Serum BGP may be a potential marker of bone growth in premature neonates. PMID- 3497941 TI - Effect of thyroid hormone and epidermal growth factor on tactile hair development and craniofacial morphogenesis in the postnatal rat. AB - The facial region of the developing rat is surrounded by seven highly innervated hair follicle groups, of which the lateral tactile hairs have an invariant position between the palpebral fissures and the developing external ears. In this study, we tested the ability of triiodothyronine (T3) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) to alter the direction of lateral tactile hair growth in neonatal rats. To quantitate this effect, we measured the angular displacement of the lateral hairs from the sagittal plane in photomicrographs of 36 six-day-old littermate Sprague Dawley rats treated on postnatal days 0-5 with saline, T3 (100 ng/g body weight), or EGF 500 ng/g body weight. Midline angular displacements were as follows: control, 45.8 degrees +/- 1.7; T3, 40.9 degrees +/- 1.7; EGF, 59.8 degrees = 2.1; mean +/- SEM, P less than .05 versus controls for T3 and EGF. In addition, the timing of specific topological events of craniofacial development, ie, incisor eruption, ear canal opening, and eyelid unfusion, was compared for the various treatment groups. Thus, at the dosages tested, 1) both hormones accelerate incisor eruption (T3 greater than EGF), 2) EGF is a much more potent accelerator of palpebral morphogenesis than T3, 3) EGF retards while T3 accelerates external ear development, and 4) both hormones elicit a comparable degree of somatic growth retardation. These data provide quantitative evidence in the neonatal rat of differences as well as similarities between two powerful craniofacial morphogens. PMID- 3497942 TI - Detection of beta-lactamase activity among clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis with six different beta-lactamase assays. AB - A total of 74 different clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis were examined for their ability to produce beta-lactamase by six different beta lactamase assays. These included a conventional tube and disk test, in which the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin was used as a substrate; a disk procedure, in which pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylanaline cephalosporin was used as a substrate; broth and disk acidometric methods; and a conventional tube iodometric assay. A total of 58 of the study isolates produced beta-lactamase. In all cases, positive results were obtained with the nitrocefin tube and disk assays after 1 min. With the pyridinium-2-azo-p-dimethylanaline cephalosporin disk test, 57 of the 58 beta-lactamase-producing strains yielded a positive reaction in 1 min; the remaining strain was positive after 10 min. None of the beta-lactamase-producing strains produced positive reactions by either the broth or disk acidometric methods after 1 min. With the broth test, 10 min was required for positive test results for 42 strains; 30 min was necessary for 16 strains. By the disk acidometric procedure, all 58 strains were positive after 10 min. Of 58 beta lactamase-producing strains, 30 were positive by the iodometric assay after 1 min, 13 strains required 10 min, and 4 strains were detected as being beta lactamase positive only after 30 min. One beta-lactamase-producing strain remained negative by the iodometric method. Among the 16 strains of B. catarrhalis that lacked beta-lactamase that were examined in this study, no false positive results were obtained by any of the six assays. PMID- 3497943 TI - Commercial latex agglutination tests for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in patients with bacteremic pneumonia. AB - The validity of commercial latex agglutination kits for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in serum and urine specimens was studied. We tested serum and urine specimens from 44 patients with bacteremic pneumonia (23 S. pneumoniae, 13 H. influenzae type b, 11 other) with commercial latex agglutination kits (Directigen, Bactigen) for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b antigens. All specimen samples were randomized and read blindly by two readers. Interreader reproducibility was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of both kits for H. influenzae type b antigens in serum and urine were greater than 90%. None of the 24 urine samples from S. pneumoniae bacteremic patients were positive by either kit, although 6 ng of type 3 polysaccharide could be detected in spiked urine. Sensitivity for S. pneumoniae antigens in serum was 27% for Directigen and 38% for Bactigen. Specificity for S. pneumoniae antigens in serum was 95% for Directigen and 74% for Bactigen. The results suggest that the kits are useful in diagnosing H. influenzae type b pneumonia. However, the commercially available S. pneumoniae reagents tested appear to have limited utility for diagnosing S. pneumoniae pneumonia because both kits lack sensitivity and Bactigen lacks specificity, as well. PMID- 3497944 TI - In vitro chloramphenicol susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae: disk diffusion procedures and assays for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. AB - The activity of chloramphenicol against 100 different strains of Haemophilus influenzae was assessed by a macrotube broth dilution technique and by a standardized disk diffusion method using both enriched chocolate agar (CHOC) and Mueller-Hinton agar containing 1.0% hemoglobin and 1.0% IsoVitaleX (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) supplement (CHOC-MHA). Filter disks containing 30 micrograms of chloramphenicol were used with the disk diffusion procedure. The following zone diameter interpretive criteria were defined: CHOC MHA, less than or equal to 25 mm = resistant [corrected] and greater than or equal to 26 mm = susceptible [corrected]; CHOC, less than or equal to 28 mm = resistant [corrected] and greater than or equal to 29 mm = susceptible [corrected]. all of the H. influenzae strains examined were also characterized by using two rapid assays for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity: a 1 h tube method (t-CAT) and a 30-min procedure which used commercially available reagent-impregnated disks (d-CAT). The t-CAT procedure was found to be significantly more accurate than the d-CAT procedure as a means for demonstrating production of CAT. PMID- 3497945 TI - Separation of Haemophilus influenzae type b subtypes by numerical analysis. AB - Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were prepared from 20 previously established subtypes of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Proteins were separated by one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (11% acrylamide). Each lane in the gels contained two internal molecular weight standards. One central lane contained a range of molecular weight standards, which were used to calculate a molecular weight curve for each gel. Migration distances of the OMPs were determined with a soft laser-scanning densitometer, and the distances were normalized by using the mean migration distances of the internal standards. The protein patterns of all subtypes were compared by a recently described method (B.D. Plikaytis, G.M. Carlone, and B.B. Plikaytis, J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:2653-2660, 1986). All subtypes could be differentiated by this method. The ability to store and compare numerous OMP patterns from different isolates of H. influenzae type b, separated with a single homogeneous polyacrylamide gel, will facilitate the continued development of a subtyping system based on these proteins. PMID- 3497946 TI - Induction of class I and class II transplantation antigens in rat brain during fatal and non-fatal measles virus infection. AB - Measles virus induced a marked increase in the expression of MHC-coded class I and class II antigens as detected by immunostaining during both fatal and non fatal brain infections in rats. The distribution of these molecules in the brain was much more widespread than the occurrence of viral antigen suggesting a soluble factor for their induction. In 14-day-old rats with a non-fatal infection there was a marked infiltration of T lymphocytes of 'cytotoxic/suppressor' phenotype in the brain parenchyma, whereas T 'helper' cell phenotypes mainly were located perivascularly. In brains from newborn rats with a fatal infection no or only few lymphocytes were detected. PMID- 3497947 TI - Statistical analysis of the incidence of physeal injuries. AB - The incidence of physeal injuries in nearly 2,000 bony injuries was 18%. They were commoner in adolescents and specifically more frequent in the upper limbs. The incidence of growth arrest was just over 1%, whereas the incidence of serious complication was less than 1%. The prognosis depends more on the site than the Salter-Harris classification. The proximal tibia is a common site for growth disturbance. PMID- 3497948 TI - Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. AB - Sixty-nine children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis were studied retrospectively. All were treated with antibiotics, and eight underwent fenestration osteotomies. In the operatively treated group, three poor results occurred. In a more recent prospective study of 44 patients, drainage was undertaken only when pus was aspirated. All results were good or excellent. We recommend operative drainage only when a demonstrated abscess is found by aspiration. PMID- 3497949 TI - Heterogeneity of cultured leukemic lymphoid progenitor cells from B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. AB - Colony assays were performed for 50 patients with B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blast colony formation was observed for 33 patients, and the plating efficiency (PE) showed a marked interpatient variation, which indicates a pronounced biological heterogeneity at the level of leukemic progenitor cells. Notably, the mean PE of leukemic B cell precursors from patients with a pseudodiploid or near-diploid karyotype with structural chromosomal abnormalities (SCA) was significantly higher than the mean PE of normal diploid or hyperdiploid cases. All patients who had SCA involving 7p13, 11q23-24, or 12p11-13, and patients with a Philadelphia chromosome had high PE values. The S phase percentage, expression of CD19 antigen, and relapse status were also correlated with PE. Significantly, colony blasts had slightly different surface marker profiles in each case and were common ALL antigen negative in 33% of cases, which indicates the existence of a marked immunological heterogeneity at the level of leukemic progenitor cells. PMID- 3497950 TI - Selective blockade of the antigen-receptor-mediated pathway of T cell activation in patients with impaired primary immune responses. AB - We investigated impaired cellular immune responses of individuals on chronic hemodialysis by using monoclonal antibodies that trigger differential pathways of T cell activation. Reduced cellular reactivity, which exists in a high proportion of such patients, can be attributed to a failure of the monocyte population to support the process of primary T cell activation in vitro. This defect results in a lack of interleukin 2 production, which is critically dependent on a monocyte derived signal. In contrast, T lymphocyte function was found to be physiologic. Perhaps more important, the degree of monocyte dysfunction in vitro correlated with the same patients' in vivo responses to hepatitis B vaccination. Addition of recombinant human interleukin 2 fully reconstituted their deficient immune response in vitro. PMID- 3497951 TI - Effects of human interleukin 1 and human tumor necrosis factor on human T lymphocyte colony formation. AB - The growth of T lymphocyte colonies in agar is dependent on the cooperation of a number of different cell types and their products. Among these interacting cells are monocytes and/or macrophages. Monocytes are capable of producing both interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These two factors display a positive influence on T cell colony formation. Recombinant IL-1 and recombinant TNF were both shown to stimulate T cell colony growth in a dose-dependent manner, and this stimulation could be blocked by prior incubation with anti-IL-1 or anti TNF, respectively. In addition, conditioned medium obtained from monocytes cultured in the presence of endotoxin also stimulated T cell colony formation. This stimulation by monocyte-conditioned medium was partially suppressed by incubation with anti-TNF or anti-IL-1, while incubation with both antibodies together displayed greater suppression. In conclusion, monocytes produce at least two factors, IL-1 and TNF, which can stimulate T cell colony formation by peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3497952 TI - Stimulation of human hematopoietic colony formation by recombinant gibbon multi colony-stimulating factor or interleukin 3. AB - Recently, the gene for a novel mammalian hematopoietic growth factor homologous to murine interleukin 3 was isolated from a gibbon T cell line and expressed in monkey COS cells. The factor, termed multi-colony stimulating factor (multi-CSF) or interleukin 3, is stimulatory to human target cells. We investigated the range of enriched human bone marrow and fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors responsive to multi-CSF; compared the colony types observed with those obtained in the presence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF); and analyzed the effects on colony formation of combining multi-CSF with GM-CSF or granulocyte CSF (G-CSF). The results show that multi-CSF acts as a multipoietin. Alone it stimulates the formation of colonies derived from granulocyte, macrophage, eosinophil, and megakaryocyte progenitors. In combination with erythropoietin it supports the development of both erythroid and mixed colonies. Furthermore, the data show that multi-CSF is a more potent stimulus of erythroid progenitors than GM-CSF. In combination with G-CSF multi-CSF substantially increases granulocyte colony number over the number obtained with each factor alone. We conclude that multi-CSF may prove to have important therapeutic potential in vivo as a stimulus for hematopoiesis. PMID- 3497953 TI - Unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers increase adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to human endothelial cells under controlled flow. AB - The interactions of normal erythrocytes and erythrocytes from patients having hemoglobin S hemoglobinopathies with normal human endothelial cells (EC) were investigated under flow conditions. When EC supernatant, containing 2.8-11.0 U/dl of von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and vWF multimeric forms larger than those present in normal plasma, was the red blood cell (RBC)-suspending medium instead of serum-free medium (SFM), the adhesion of sickle RBC, but not normal RBC, to endothelial cells was greatly increased (range of enhancement of sickle RBC adhesion, 2- to 27-fold). Adhesion of sickle RBC to endothelial cells was reduced to near serum-free levels when EC supernatant was immunologically depleted of vWF forms. Sickle RBC suspended in SFM containing 200 U/dl of purified vWF multimers of the type found in normal human plasma or 300 micrograms/ml human fibronectin were only slightly more adhesive to endothelial cells than sickle RBC suspended in SFM alone. These data indicate that unusually large vWF multimers produced by endothelial cells are potent mediators of the adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to endothelial cells. Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia may be caused, at least in part, by adhesive interactions between the abnormal surfaces of sickle RBC and the endothelium after the release of unusually large vWF multimeric forms from stimulated or damaged endothelial cells. PMID- 3497954 TI - Non-cytotoxic antibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Non-cytotoxic Fc receptor blocking antibodies against autologous B lymphocytes were sought in sera from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), using a rosette inhibition assay. They were found in 11 of 52 (21%) of patients with CLL, but were not associated with previous blood transfusion or pregnancy, suggesting that they were unlikely to have resulted from allogeneic stimulation. Fc receptor blockade was more commonly detected in sera from patients with stage B rather than stage A CLL (Binet classification), though this did not achieve significance beyond the 90% level, and it was noted in 62.5% of those with lymphocyte doubling times of less than one year, compared with 36.3% of those whose lymphocyte doubling time was more than one year. The results indicate that autologous Fc receptor blocking antibody activity occurs in sera from patients with CLL, is more likely to be generated by the tumour itself than by allogeneic stimulation, and is associated with increased tumour load. Such antibodies may permit tolerance of tumour by the host. PMID- 3497956 TI - Motoneuron number in the lumbar lateral motor column of larval and adult bullfrogs. AB - Motoneuron number in the lumbar lateral motor column of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was investigated through the course of premetamorphic development and in postmetamorphic frogs. Motoneurons were distinguished on the basis of histological characteristics into two classes, type L (less differentiated) and type M (more differentiated). The number of type L motoneurons on each side showed a precipitous decline between stages V and VI (6,300 to 2,500) and a slower rate of loss until stage XI (to 550). Type M motoneurons increased in number between stages V and VII (560 to 2,775) and declined precipitously between stages VII and VIII to a value similar to that of juvenile frogs (1,100). These changes in motoneuron number do not correspond to the formation of myotubes or to the appearance of contractile properties in hindlimb muscles. The development of myotubes in the hindlimb occurs only after total motoneuron number has declined by 35%. Similarly, hindlimb muscle contraction develops after the early decline in type L motoneuron number and is restricted to proximal thigh at the peak of type M motoneuron number. In postmetamorphic frogs, a weak (r = 0.44) but statistically significant correlation was found between type M motoneuron number and body length. In the largest frogs (greater than 15 cm body length), 1262 +/- 157 (mean +/- s.d.) motoneurons were present, whereas the smallest frogs (less than 5 cm body length) had 1099 +/- 98 motoneurons. These results are not consistent with previous findings that the variance of motoneuron number among small frogs is greater than that among larger frogs. The present results are thus inconsistent with explanations of size-related differences in motoneuron number that are based on selection of small frogs with greater number of motoneurons for survival. The increase in motoneuron number may be due to a slow addition of newly born motoneurons to the LMC or to the differentiation of existing motoneurons. The latter possibility is supported by the finding that the number of presumptive type L profiles is less in larger frogs. PMID- 3497955 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of the formation of synapses by retinal ganglion cell axons in two nonstandard targets. AB - After unilateral ablation of the optic tectum in the frog (Rana pipiens), retinal ganglion cell axons enter the lateral thalamic neuropil in large numbers. This area is normally a target of the tectal efferent projection but is not innervated directly from the retina in normal frogs nor in frogs undergoing optic nerve regeneration in the presence of an intact tectum. The ability of retinal axons to form synaptic contacts in this nonstandard target, previously suspected only from light microscope studies, has been ultrastructurally verified in the present investigation. Retinal axon terminals were selectively labeled for light and electon microscope study by introducing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the optic nerve 73-413 days after unilateral ablation of the contralateral optic tectum. In some of the frogs, the optic nerve had also been crushed to test the ability of retinal axons regenerating over a long distance to form this connection. The HRP-labeled retinal axon terminals had the same untrastructural morphology whether located in the lateral thalamic neuropil or in the correct regions of projection, e.g., the lateral geniculate complex. They contained clear, spherical synaptic vesicles and made Gray type I synapses on the unlabeled postsynaptic dendrites. The magnitude of the projection was disproportionately greater in animals having complete or nearly complete tectal ablation than in a specimen in which the lesion was significantly incomplete. An aberrant projection was also observed in the nucleus isthmi in some of the specimens. These findings have significance for chemoaffinity theories of the specification of synaptic connections in that the ability of retinal axons to synapse in nonstandard targets in this experimental context may be considered evidence for the expression of appropriate cell-surface recognition-molecules by the abnormally targeted postsynaptic neurons. The likelihood that the expression of these postsynaptic labels is normally repressed transynaptically by molecular signals from the intact tectal input is discussed. PMID- 3497957 TI - Psoriasis, neutrophil leukocytes, and HLA-B27. PMID- 3497958 TI - Dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis associated with anti-Jo-1 antibody. AB - Although fibrosing alveolitis is a rare complication of dermatomyositis, early detection and treatment are important in preventing pulmonary fibrosis. Anti-Jo-1 antibody, an antibody to the cellular enzyme histidyl-t-RNA synthetase, has been found to correlate closely with the subset of dermatomyositis/polymyositis associated with fibrosing alveolitis. This association is well known to rheumatologists but has received little attention in the dermatologic literature. We wish to alert dermatologists to the importance of the association of anti-Jo-1 antibody in patients with dermatomyositis and present a patient with anti-Jo-1 antibody who had Raynaud's phenomenon and mild arthritis in association with dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis. We suggest screening patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis for this antibody, to detect the population at high risk of developing pulmonary complications. PMID- 3497959 TI - Preoperative preparation for cardiac surgery facilitates recovery, reduces psychological distress, and reduces the incidence of acute postoperative hypertension. PMID- 3497960 TI - An epidemiological investigation into the relative importance of age and oral hygiene status as determinants of periodontitis. AB - The objective of this study was to assess the relative effects of age and oral hygiene on the progression of periodontitis by estimating incidence from age specific prevalence. This study analyzed data from a representative national sample of 14,690 dentate Americans, aged from 15 to 74, seen in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) in 1971-1974. Results showed that the rate of increase in the estimated incidence of periodontitis with age, throughout all age groups, is much higher among subjects with poor oral hygiene than among those with good oral hygiene. Oral hygiene was confirmed as the most important predictor for periodontitis; in all age groups, more than 95% of those examined with good oral hygiene did not have periodontitis. It was concluded that the effect of age on the progression of periodontitis could therefore be considered negligible when good oral hygiene is maintained. PMID- 3497961 TI - Modification of food cariogenicity in rats by mineral-rich concentrates from milk. AB - Dairy products, including milk, cheese, and casein, can reduce the caries-causing potential of cariogenic substrates as measured in various animal, plaque acidity, and in vitro systems. Although the mechanisms responsible for protection are not completely identified, substances containing Ca and P may contribute to the protective potential by reducing demineralization and/or promoting remineralization of enamel. Casein may reduce demineralization by forming a protective coat on the enamel surface. By means of a rat model, this study evaluated the ability of three casein-free milk mineral concentrates with various levels of whey protein, calcium, and phosphate to modify the cariogenicity of a powdered diet containing 20% sucrose. Analysis of these data indicates that there were no significant differences among groups for weight gain, total food consumption, or feeding frequency, as monitored by a computer-based infrared activity monitor. All three mineral concentrates significantly reduced buccal caries, and two of the three reduced sulcal caries by from 10 to 30%. The analysis further shows that casein-free milk mineral fractions can modify the cariogenicity of sucrose-containing foods in a rat model. PMID- 3497962 TI - Animal models of Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 3497963 TI - Longitudinal age-related changes in human parotid saliva composition. PMID- 3497964 TI - The functions of saliva. AB - Nature's demands on salivary glands are extensive and diverse and range from the reptilian need for a venomous drop to incapacitate its prey to the 100 quarts that ruminants require to digest a day's grazing. Other species depend on saliva not for survival, but for improving the quality of life, using the fluid for functions varying from grooming and cleansing to nest-building. Humans can manage without saliva; its loss is not life-threatening in any immediate sense, but it results in a variety of difficulties and miseries. Oral digestion per se is only of marginal importance in humans, but saliva is important in preparing food for mastication, for swallowing, and for normal taste perception. Without saliva, mealtimes are difficult, uncomfortable, and embarrassing. The complex mix of salivary constituents provides an effective set of systems for lubricating and protecting the soft and hard tissues. Protection of soft tissues is afforded against desiccation, penetration, ulceration, and potential carcinogens by mucin and anti-proteases. Saliva can encourage soft tissue repair by reducing clotting time and accelerating wound contraction. A major protective function results from the salivary role in maintenance of the ecological balance in the oral cavity via: (1) debridement/lavage; (2) aggregation and reduced adherence by both immunological and non-immunological means; and (3) direct antibacterial activity. Saliva also possesses anti-fungal and anti-viral systems. Saliva is effective in maintaining pH in the oral cavity, contributes to the regulation of plaque pH, and helps neutralize reflux acids in the esophagus. Salivary maintenance of tooth integrity is dependent on: (1) mechanical cleansing and carbohydrate clearance; (2) post-eruptive maturation of enamel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3497965 TI - Immunologic approaches to the therapy of auto-immune salivary gland disease. AB - A variety of immunologic mechanisms may theoretically give rise to disease in the salivary glands. Among them are abnormal antibody production, hyper-reactive T lymphocytes, and mono- or oligoclonal expansions of B-lymphocytes. While it is not clear which, if any, of these mechanisms are of prime importance in the immunopathology of salivary gland disease, they provide a framework within which to discuss theoretical approaches to the treatment of auto-immune salivary gland disease. Among the techniques used to decrease antibody-induced damage are non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, plasmapheresis, and corticosteroids. Cyclosporin, monoclonal antibodies, and biologic response-modifiers may be used to modulate T-cell function, and anti-idiotype antibodies or immunosuppressive agents may be used to treat malignant expansions of B-cells. Although the generally benign nature of auto-immune salivary gland disease precludes the use of many of the potentially toxic treatment regimens discussed here, the appreciation of these approaches to immunomodulation provides a basis upon which to develop new and innovative therapeutic strategies. PMID- 3497966 TI - Positron emission tomography detects tissue metabolic activity in myocardial segments with persistent thallium perfusion defects. AB - Positron emission tomography with 13N-ammonia and 18F-2-deoxyglucose was used to assess myocardial perfusion and glucose utilization in 51 myocardial segments with a stress thallium defect in 12 patients. Myocardial infarction was defined by a concordant reduction in segmental perfusion and glucose utilization, and myocardial ischemia was identified by preservation of glucose utilization in segments with rest hypoperfusion. Of the 51 segments studied, 36 had a fixed thallium defect, 11 had a partially reversible defect and 4 had a completely reversible defect. Only 15 (42%) of the 36 segments with a fixed defect and 4 (36%) of the 11 segments with a partially reversible defect exhibited myocardial infarction on study with positron tomography. In contrast, residual myocardial glucose utilization was identified in the majority of segments with a fixed (58%) or a partially reversible (64%) thallium defect. All of the segments with a completely reversible defect appeared normal on positron tomography. Apparent improvement in the thallium defect on delayed images did not distinguish segments with ischemia from infarction. Thus, positron emission tomography reveals evidence of persistent tissue metabolism in the majority of segments with a fixed or partially resolving stress thallium defect, implying that markers of perfusion alone may underestimate the extent of viable tissue in hypoperfused myocardial segments. PMID- 3497967 TI - Delayed recovery of severely "stunned" myocardium with the support of a left ventricular assist device after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - A 53 year old man underwent repeat coronary artery bypass graft surgery after presenting with unstable angina. Because of intraoperative ischemia, the patient developed profound left ventricular dysfunction requiring placement of a left ventricular assist device and intraaortic balloon pump and catecholamine infusion. Serial radionuclide ventriculograms documented delayed recovery of the severely stunned myocardium with mechanical and pharmacologic support. PMID- 3497968 TI - Inductive effects of triiodothyronine or dihydrotestosterone on EGF in the submandibular glands of young, middle-aged, and old C57BL/6NNia female mice. AB - Effects of advancing age on responsiveness to triiodothyronine (T3) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells in submandibular glands were studied in C57BL/6NNia female mice of 4, 12, and 24 months of age. In untreated mice, absolute GCT volume and the frequency of cells strongly immunostained for EGF increased with age. Concentrations of EGF rose fourfold. Both T3 and DHT had inductive effects at each age: GCT cells were enlarged, contained more granules, and stained very strongly for EGF; EGF concentrations and the volume of GCTs also increased. However, the pattern of induction differed with age for the two hormones. After T3 treatment EGF concentration declined with age with respect to the degree of induction over same age control levels. By contrast, after DHT treatment the level of induction of EGF over control levels was the same at all three ages. The pattern of aging of GCT cells and their responsiveness to T3 or DHT in female mice differ from that previously reported for males. PMID- 3497969 TI - A cross-sectional comparison of adaptive coping in adulthood. AB - The present study is a cross-sectional comparison of coping behaviors in adulthood. Ninety-six adolescents, young adults, middle adults, and older adults were administered Lazarus' Ways of Coping questionnaire and a defensive coping scale. Patterns of coping and perceived effectiveness of coping strategies were examined in both threatening and challenging contexts. Results indicated that patterns of coping varied across age groups, with adolescents and younger adults endorsing more defensive mechanisms, such as escape-avoidance, hostile reaction, and self blame. Instrumental strategies were used more in challenging situations, whereas palliative strategies were endorsed in threatening situations across all age groups. Patterns of perceived effectiveness were similar to those for use, but correlations of use with perceived effectiveness varied between age groups. Findings supported the hypothesis that adaptive coping processes characterize later adulthood. Implications for future research in the area of development and coping are discussed. PMID- 3497970 TI - [Acute water intoxication after prolonged infusion of oxytocin]. AB - The authors report a case of acute water intoxication with severe neurological features which complicated prolonged administration of oxytocin for post-partum hemorrhage. The patient was a 35-year-old woman with a tight mitral stenosis. The patient recovered consciousness after the hydro-electrolytic state had been put right. The precautions that have to be undertaken and the monitoring that is necessary to avoid hyponatraemia with water retention are reviewed. It is important to know the risk factors which are connected with this treatment and how certain abnormal conditions of the heart can play a role in causing this syndrome. PMID- 3497971 TI - Abnormalities of B lineage cells are demonstrable in long term lymphoid bone marrow cultures of New Zealand black mice. AB - The formation of B lymphocytes in young New Zealand Black (NZB) mice proceeds at an accelerated rate resulting in a deficiency of B lineage precursors in adult (greater than 15 wk old) animals. To study the characteristics of B lineage cells in young (4 wk) and old (6 mo) NZB mice, bone marrow from these animals was used to initiate long term lymphoid bone marrow cultures (LBMC) that permit the long term maintenance of B cells and their precursors. Age-matched cultures from BALB/c mice and NZB.xid marrow were established in parallel. Primary LBMC were readily established from these strains and showed similar patterns of growth for the 3-mo observation period. No significant differences in numbers of 14.8 positive cells were observed. However, NZB mice at both ages had a higher percentage of membrane IgM (mIgM)-expressing cells. Significant levels of supernatant IgM were found only in cultures of 6-mo NZB and BALB/c mice; levels were highest in NZB culture supernatants and were often more than 500 ng/ml; significant, although much lower, levels of IgG were likewise detected. Lymphoid cells from NZB.xid mice were unable to generate significant levels of IgM in supernatant fluids indicating the effects of the xid gene were displayed in vitro. Autoantibodies were not detected in any of the culture supernatants. Additional evidence for NZB hyperactivity in primary B lymphopoiesis was observed upon initiation of primary myeloid bone marrow cultures (MBMC) from these strains of mice and subsequently transferring them to LBMC conditions. This results in the cessation of myelopoiesis at the initiation of B lymphopoiesis. At the time of converting MBMC to LBMC, cultures of NZB and BALB/c mice morphologically resembled myeloid cultures and had neither B cell colony-forming units nor cells that expressed 14.8 or mIgM. However, following the switch, NZB mice had a 5-fold higher number of B cell colony-forming units. Further, MBMC established from NZB bone marrow cells had a reduced capacity to form colonies in the granulocyte macrophage colony-forming unit assay. These studies indicate that defects of NZB hemopoietic cells are manifest in vitro and suggest the use of in vitro long term cultures as a valuable technique to further dissect the hematopoietic abnormalities of NZB mice and possible underlying microenvironmental defects. PMID- 3497972 TI - Haplotype-specific suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with anti-IA antibodies. AB - Treatment with monoclonal antibodies directed against the IA antigens of the MHC is known to alter the course and prevent a number of experimental autoimmune diseases. To determine whether the treatment in vivo with anti-IA antibodies is haplotype-specific, we studied the development of EAE in F1 (SJL/J X BALB/c) mice following anti-IA antibody therapy. We report that treatment of animals with monoclonal antibody directed against the high responder allele product, I-As, was successful in preventing disease when therapy was begun either at the time of immunization with antigen, or following passive transfer of MBP-sensitized T cells. Therapy with antibody directed to the low responder allele product (I-Ad), while effective when used at the time of immunization with antigen, was ineffective following passive transfer of MBP-sensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 3497973 TI - The effect of aging on the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - The effect of age on the ability to elicit the various immune functions comprising experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice has been examined. Compared with young mice (2 to 3 mo), CBA/CaJ and A/J aged mice (20 to 30 mo) show a drastic reduction in their ability to develop circulating antibody after injection of mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) or mouse thyroid extract (MTE) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were also depressed, as well as the ability of aged lymph node cells to proliferate in vitro to antigen and the ability of aged splenic T cells to function as helper cells for in vitro antibody production. However, after injection of these thyroid antigens in CFA, aged mice developed thyroid lesions either comparable to or only slightly less intense than those observed in young mice. The disparity between the levels of immune responses and thyroid lesions observed in aged mice can be explained by the greater susceptibility of aged thyroids to tissue damage, since transfer of identical numbers of Con A-activated MTE-primed young splenocytes to young and aged recipients results in a more severe thyroiditis in the aged recipients. Priming mice to MTE in CFA at 9 mo of age, at which time mice are responsive to MTE, did not enhance either T or B cell responsiveness to injection of MTE in CFA at 24 mo of age. Lymphocytes from MTE-injected aged mice also failed to transfer thyroiditis to young recipients after in vitro activation of the lymphocytes with Con A. PMID- 3497974 TI - BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/Wor) rats are deficient in the generation of functional cytotoxic T cells. AB - The BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/Wor) rat provides a good model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. There are several sublines of the BB/Wor rat. The diabetes prone (DP) sublines develop diabetes at a frequency of 50 to 80% from 60 to 120 days of age. The DP rats are lymphopenic, have a severe deficit in phenotypic OX 19+ OX 8+ cytotoxic T cells (Tc), and lack RT 6.1 T cells. These rats have a relative increase in OX 19- OX 8+ natural killer (NK) cells and in NK activity as compared with the diabetes resistant (DR) sublines. The DR sublines have a normal complement of phenotypic Tc and RT 6.1 T cells, fewer NK cells, and lower NK activity than the DP rat. The ability to elicit functional Tc in the BB/Wor rat has not been well studied. In these experiments, by using a model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in DP and DR rats, we have studied the functional activity of Tc in these lines. Seven days after infection with LCMV, DR rats develop lymphocytes which are cytotoxic for LCMV-infected syngeneic fibroblasts. These cytotoxic lymphocytes are phenotypic Tc (OX 19+ OX 8+), and do not kill Pichinde virus-infected syngeneic fibroblasts or LCMV-infected allogeneic fibroblasts. This cytotoxic activity is accompanied by an increase in phenotypic Tc from 17 to 33%. DP rats produced neither functional nor phenotypic Tc. These studies confirm that NK cells are the predominant cytotoxic lymphocyte in the BB/Wor rat and suggest that these rats may not utilize a Tc mechanism in islet destruction or another immunologic process such as graft rejection. PMID- 3497975 TI - Induction of an activation antigen on postcapillary venular endothelium in human skin organ culture. AB - We studied the effects of the immune mediators interleukin 1, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor, immune interferon, and lipopolysaccharide on the expression of the endothelial activation antigen recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody H4/18 in short term organ cultures of newborn foreskins. No endothelial staining was detectable before culture. Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and lipopolysaccharide each induced 2+ to 3+ H4/18 staining of microvascular endothelium at 6 hr. Combining mediators produced additive (3+ to 4+) effects, and reactivity was lost or markedly diminished by 24 hr. Incubation with culture medium alone resulted in 1+ to 2+ H4/18 staining at 6 hr, and medium conditioned by cultured foreskins, but not mock-conditioned medium, could induce H4/18 binding in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The spontaneous expression of microvascular staining in the foreskins was markedly inhibited by cyclosporin A, but not polymyxin B sulfate or dexamethasone; cyclosporin A did not inhibit induction of staining by exogenous mediators. Both light level and immunoultrastructural studies demonstrated H4/18 expression to be associated predominantly with postcapillary venular endothelial cells of the superficial vascular plexus. We conclude that microvascular endothelium of skin can undergo activation in response to exogenous and endogenous cytokines, with the greatest changes occurring in those portions of the vessels most involved in leukocyte and lymphocyte trafficking. PMID- 3497976 TI - Murine natural killer cells stimulated in vivo do not express the T cell receptor alpha, beta, gamma, T3 delta, or T3 epsilon genes. AB - Murine blast natural killer (NK) cells responding to in vivo stimulation were isolated and characterized as to their expression of the T cell receptor (TCR) variable genes alpha, beta, and gamma and the TCR constant genes T3 delta and T3 epsilon. In vivo stimulated blast T cells were isolated for comparison. RNA extracted from highly purified blast cell populations elicited in vivo was probed for TCR transcripts by Northern blot analysis. In contrast to the blast T cells which expressed high levels of the alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon genes, blast NK cells expressed very low to not detectable levels of these genes. Blast NK cells isolated from euthymic mice were comparable to those isolated from athymic mice and both populations had profoundly reduced levels of transcripts for TCR genes. The expression of gamma-chain genes was extremely low in the in vivo elicited blast T cells as well as the blast NK cells. Highly purified NK cells isolated from unmanipulated mice and propagated in culture with recombinant interleukin 2 for short periods of time also had extremely low levels of delta and epsilon, whereas T cells expanded in culture had high level expression of these genes. As delta and epsilon appear to be required for expression of a functional recognition structure on the T cell surface and are expressed early in T cell ontogeny, these results indicate that the functional NK cells responding to proliferation signals do not form a conventional T cell recognition structure. Furthermore, the results support a separation of the T cell and NK cell lineages early in ontogeny. PMID- 3497977 TI - An evaluation of antigen-driven expansion and differentiation of hapten-specific B lymphocytes purified from aged mice. AB - Hapten-specific, trinitrophenyl antigen-binding B cells (TNP-ABC) were purified from inbred strains of mice representative of short-, intermediate-, and long lived animals. Such populations of B cells were stimulated by either thymus independent or thymus-dependent antigens in vitro and evaluated for both proliferation and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. In the thymus dependent system, the three strains of mice were selected on the basis of all being able to interact appropriately with the same T helper cell line. The results indicate that TNP-ABC purified from aged animals of all three strains responded to both forms of antigenic stimulation similar to TNP-ABC selected from young, littermate control animals. These results are discussed in terms of concepts of intrinsic B cell defects during the aging process. PMID- 3497978 TI - Anti-HLA class I antibodies inhibit the T cell-independent proliferation of human B lymphocytes. AB - The role of major histocompatibility complex-encoded class I molecules in the proliferation of human B lymphocytes is presently unclear. This question was addressed by investigating the effect of three individually derived anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on purified human B cells (less than 1.5% T cells) stimulated by either the T-independent mitogen Staphylococcus aureus or the phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. The three anti-HLA class I antibodies, whether specific for gene products of the HLA-A locus (mAb 131), HLA B locus (mAb 4E), or HLA-A, -B, and -C locus (mAb W6/32), inhibited S. aureus induced proliferation by 70 to 90%. This inhibition was significant over a 5-day culture period, was not altered by the addition of exogenous interleukin 2 or B cell growth factor, and was not due to nonspecific cytotoxicity. In addition, the inhibition of proliferation was unchanged when the mAb were added 12 hr after the initiation of culture. The proliferative response was not affected by either of the control antibodies OKB7 and R3-367. In contrast with S. aureus-stimulated B cells, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced proliferation was resistant to the inhibitory activity of HLA class I-specific antibodies. These results suggest that HLA class I molecules are involved in human B lymphocyte proliferation and may regulate a critical event preceding the upregulation of protein kinase C activity. PMID- 3497979 TI - Stimulation of endothelial cell binding of lymphocytes by tumor necrosis factor. AB - Lymphokines and monokines have been reported to affect endothelial cell (EC) morphology and function. In experiments here described, we have demonstrated that recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulates the adhesion of T lymphocytes to confluent monolayers of human umbilical vein EC. The increase in adhesion induced by TNF was EC-specific inasmuch as preincubation of the lymphocytes with TNF did not alter binding, and preincubation of human dermal fibroblasts with TNF did not increase their inherently low adhesiveness for lymphocytes. Stimulation of T-EC binding occurred after treatment of the EC with as little as 0.01 U/ml (1 pg/ml) of TNF. In kinetic experiments, preincubation of EC with TNF for 4 hr resulted in optimal adhesion. TNF-treated EC retained their increased adhesiveness after fixation with paraformaldehyde, suggesting that TNF stimulated binding by increasing the expression or accessibility of EC surface receptors for lymphocytes. Although antibodies to the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 alpha- or beta-chains on the T cell markedly inhibited unstimulated T-EC binding, such antibodies had no effect on the increase in EC adhesiveness induced by TNF, indicating that the increased binding resulted from the generation of an alternate binding receptor on the EC membrane. These findings provide additional evidence that cytokines participate in the mobilization of mononuclear cells in the chronic inflammatory reaction by stimulation of the adhesiveness of endothelium for circulating lymphocytes. PMID- 3497980 TI - The in vivo effects of interleukin 1. I. Bone marrow cells are induced to cycle after administration of interleukin 1. AB - We have previously reported that interleukin 1 (IL-1) administration 20 hr before irradiation protects mice from lethal effects of radiation. The recovery of total nucleated bone marrow cells and of hematopoietic progenitor cells was enhanced in IL-1 treated, as compared to untreated, irradiated mice. This suggested that IL-1 administration may affect the cells in the bone marrow of normal mice. Intraperitoneal administration of recombinant IL-1 resulted in bone marrow cell enlargement and increased cycling of these enlarged cells. In addition, the capacity of bone marrow cells from IL-1 treated mice to proliferate in response to granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in cell suspension cultures was enhanced. The above effects were not genetically restricted as C57BL/6, B6D2F1, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ mice showed similar responses. A comparative study showed that 100 ng of IL-1 was much more effective in stimulating bone marrow cells by the above criteria than 5 micrograms GM-CSF. Since IL-1, unlike CSF, can not be demonstrated to have a direct in vitro stimulatory effect on bone marrow cells, the aforementioned in vivo effects of IL 1 are presumably mediated by other hematopoietic growth factors. We have previously shown that IL-1 induces the appearance of high titers of CSF in the serum. Consequently hematopoietic growth factors that are generated at local sites following IL-1 administration may mediate the observed cell cycling effect. PMID- 3497981 TI - Tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta differ in their capacities to generate interleukin 1 release from human endothelial cells. AB - The capacity of the tumor necrosis factors, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, products of activated macrophages and lymphocytes, respectively, to stimulate interleukin 1 (IL-1) release from endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins was examined in vitro. Recombinant TNF-alpha caused IL-1 release by 4 hr with maximal levels of 17 U/ml by 24 hr; half-maximal stimulation occurred at approximately 80 pM. In contrast, recombinant TNF-beta was a relatively poor stimulus for IL-1 release. Even at concentrations as high as 600 pM, only 3 U of IL-1/ml were recovered; maximal IL-1 release (10 to 12 U/ml) required up to 5 nM TNF-beta. Natural, glycosated human TNF-beta was comparable in activity to recombinant TNF beta. TNF-beta did not directly inhibit the IL-1 comitogenesis assay, nor was there evidence that TNF-beta induced the release of an IL-1 inhibitor, in that supernatants generated in the presence of TNF-beta did not inhibit thymocyte proliferation to a recombinant IL-1 standard. Binding of the recombinant TNF to endothelial monolayers was assessed by using [125I]TNF-alpha in competition studies with cold TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. Binding of TNF-alpha was half-maximal at 80 pM with an average of 664 receptors/cell and Kd = 0.043 nM. Although TNF beta was capable of fully competing for [125I]TNF-alpha binding, half-maximal binding occurred at 800 pM TNF-beta. These data suggest that the TNF receptors on human endothelial cells may reflect the structural differences between these two homologous cytokines. PMID- 3497982 TI - Interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1. I. Induction of circulating interleukin 1 in rabbits in vivo and in human mononuclear cells in vitro. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays an important role in host defense mechanisms by increasing body temperature, inducing the synthesis of a variety of lymphokines and hepatic acute phase proteins and acting as a chemoattractant for lymphocytes. However, in some microenvironments such as injured tissue or joint spaces, elevated IL-1 levels may contribute to pathologic processes, for example, proliferation and fibrosis of tissue involved in pannus formation as well as degradation of matrix and abnormal tissue architecture. To investigate potential mechanisms that may lead to excessive production of IL-1, we have examined the ability of IL-1 to participate in an amplification event by inducing its own gene expression leading to synthesis of biologically active IL-1. When injected into rabbits, recombinant human IL-1-alpha induced biphasic fevers, and during the second temperature elevation 3 hr later, a circulating pyrogenic material was detected by passive transfer of plasma to other rabbits. Induction of the biphasic fever was not caused by endotoxin contamination of the recombinant IL-1. The 3-hr circulating pyrogen was heat-labile and was not residual injected IL-1 alpha. Chromatographic separation of this plasma and biologic assay suggested that it was new IL-1 of rabbit origin. We next incubated human blood mononuclear cells with recombinant IL-1-alpha and measured the intracellular and extracellular levels of IL-1 by bioassay using the D10.G4.1 murine T cell line. In order to control for the carryover of recombinant IL-1-alpha used to stimulate the mononuclear cells (MNC), we used neutralizing antibodies that were specific for IL-1-alpha or IL-1-beta. The results of these neutralizations showed that recombinant human IL-1-alpha induces the synthesis of IL-1-beta in human MNC in vitro. These results were verified with a radioimmunoassay specific for IL-1 beta. At concentrations of 100 ng/ml, IL-1-alpha induced prostaglandin E2 production in the MNC culture, and this was associated with decreased production of immunoreactive IL-1-beta. Adding indomethacin to the cultures prevented the decreased production of IL-1-beta induced by high concentrations of IL-1-alpha. Using nonadherent MNC, we observed an increase in IL-1-beta as well as IL-1-alpha mRNA after 4 hr of exposure to recombinant IL-1-alpha. These results demonstrate that IL-1-alpha induces biologically active and immunoreactive IL-1-beta from MNC in vitro and that the same concentrations of IL-1-alpha induce gene expression for both forms of IL-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3497983 TI - Interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1. II. Recombinant human interleukin 1 induces interleukin 1 production by adult human vascular endothelial cells. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) alters several potentially pathogenic endothelial cell (EC) functions. The authors report here that recombinant human IL-1 (rIL-1) alpha (0.1 to 10 ng/ml) or IL-1-beta (1 to 100 ng/ml) induce concentration- and time dependent increases in IL-1-beta mRNA levels in EC derived from adult human saphenous vein. rIL-1 induced IL-1-alpha mRNA only in EC treated concomitantly with cycloheximide (2 micrograms/ml). IL-1-beta mRNA production began within 1 hr of exposure to rIL-1, peaked after 24 hr, and declined thereafter. Actinomycin D prevented the appearance of IL-1 mRNA in rIL-1-treated EC. rIL-1 also induced the release of biologically active IL-1 from EC, which was inhibited by cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml). When compared on the basis of their activity in the thymocyte costimulation assay, rIL-1-alpha and rIL-1-beta were equipotent as inducers of IL 1 production by EC. EC stimulated with rIL-1 produced prostaglandin E2, which inhibits IL-1 production by other cell types and also decreases the responsiveness of thymocytes to IL-1. When EC were exposed to rIL-1 in the presence of indomethacin (1 microgram/ml), which blocked prostaglandin E2 production, greater amounts of rIL-1-induced IL-1 release were detected, although the inhibitor did not affect IL-1-beta mRNA levels. IL-1-induced IL-1 production was unlikely to be caused by endotoxin contamination of tissue culture media or IL-1 preparations, because the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antagonist polymyxin B (10 micrograms/ml) blocked LPS-induced IL-1 production by EC but did not affect IL-1 release in response to rIL-1-beta (100 ng/ml). The IL-1-inducing property of rIL-1-beta was heat-labile, whereas heated LPS stimulated EC IL-1 production. The source of IL-1 in our cultures was not monocyte/macrophages, as treatment of EC with monoclonal antibody to the monocyte antigen Mo2 under conditions that lysed adherent peripheral blood monocytes did not affect production of IL-1 by EC in response to LPS (1 microgram/ml) or rIL-1-beta (100 ng/ml). IL-1 elicits a coordinated program of altered endothelial function that increases adhesiveness for leukocytes and coagulability. IL-1-induced IL-1 gene expression in human adult EC could thus provide a positive feedback mechanism in the pathogenesis of vascular disease including atherosclerosis, vasculitis, and allograft rejection. PMID- 3497984 TI - Xyloside inhibits synthesis of the class II-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and antigen presentation events. AB - An alternative form of the human invariant chain exists as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) with invariant chain as the core protein. The selective inhibitor of proteoglycan synthesis, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside was used to study the role of this CSPG in class II biology. At xyloside concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM, CSPG synthesis was completely inhibited with marginal inhibition of protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect on CSPG synthesis was completely reversible. The number of class II molecules on the cell surface was not affected by xyloside, but biosynthesis and appearance of newly synthesized class II molecules at the cell surface were both decreased by xyloside. Recognition of influenza virus-infected cells by class II-restricted, virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes was not diminished by the presence of xyloside in the effector phase of the cytotoxicity assay. However, sensitization of target cells was markedly inhibited when target cells were exposed to virus in the presence of xyloside. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the CSPG form of invariant chain has a role in antigen processing. PMID- 3497985 TI - Isotype concentrations of human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (Hib) in young adults immunized with the polysaccharide as such or conjugated to a protein (diphtheria toxoid). AB - Antibody responses of young adults to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (Hib) or its protein conjugate were studied with special attention to the isotype composition of the antibodies. Three conclusions of interest can be made: 1) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in polysaccharide-immunized volunteers displayed the subclass pattern previously found in antibodies to meningococcal type A polysaccharide. IgG1 was the predominant subclass in IgG antibodies of some individuals, IgG2 in others. Still others had the two subclasses in varying but more even proportions. 2) The conjugate vaccine induced a geometric mean response 2 to 3 times higher and an IgG response 4 times higher to Hib than the polysaccharide vaccine. 3) Anti-Hib antibodies induced by the conjugate vaccine still had essentially the same IgG subclass composition as anti Hib antibodies induced by the polysaccharide. This composition was strikingly different from the composition of the anti-diphtheria toxoid response induced by the same conjugate vaccine. PMID- 3497986 TI - A rabbit class I major histocompatibility complex gene with a T cell-specific expression pattern. AB - The class I gene family of the rabbit consists of 8 to 12 members and includes a gene that is transcribed only in T cells and in lymphoid tissues containing T cells. A cDNA clone, pR27, was isolated from a cDNA library constructed using mRNA from the T cell line RL-5. The pR27 insert was 1.9 kb long and included sequences that correspond to class I exons 2, 3, and 4 encoding external domains. Intron 4 sequence was found downstream followed by an unusually long 3' region which contained a sequence highly repeated in the rabbit genome. Although the pR27 exons encode structures typical of class I antigens, structural comparisons show no close relationship to other rabbit class I genes in the 3' regions, and no relationship to the 3' region of any murine gene including those encoded in the T1a region. By contrast, similarity of the 3' sequence has been found with human genes of the HLA-A type both by sequence comparison and by DNA hybridization studies. Southern blot analyses with a specific probe from this clone indicated that the gene encoding pR27 is present as a single copy in all rabbit DNA samples examined. Northern blot analysis and S1 nuclease mapping studies revealed that transcripts corresponding to pR27 are present in virally transformed T cell lines, thymus, and, to a lesser extent, in spleen and appendix but not in nonlymphoid tissue. The sizes of the detected transcripts (2.8 and 3.9 kb) were larger than that normally observed for a class I gene. PMID- 3497987 TI - Analysis of human lymphocyte transformation responses to graded doses of T cell mitogens by curve fitting. AB - The between-group comparison of complete lymphocyte transformation dose-response curves is complex. We have therefore derived a mathematical model of the dose response characteristics of human mononuclear cells to stimulation by concanavalin A (ConA) and purified phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), in order to simplify such analyses. This model describes dose-response curves in terms of the magnitude of the peak response, the dose of mitogen that elicits the peak and an estimate of the range of mitogen doses which induce a response. Responses to ConA were described by the model more precisely than those to PHA. Furthermore, use of the model revealed differences between anorexia nervosa patients and healthy subjects in terms of the dose of mitogen necessary to elicit a peak response and the range of mitogen concentrations producing a response. It is proposed that this form of mathematical treatment may be of use for the comparison of lymphocyte transformation dose-response curves and for the valid rejection of suspect results. PMID- 3497988 TI - Functional roles of human class II antigens in T cell proliferative response. Comparison of the DR and DQ molecules using mouse monoclonal antibodies. AB - The monoclonal antibody (mAb) NC1 recognizing a monomorphic DR determinant and the anti-DQ mAbs PLM2, PLM9, and PLM12 recognizing polymorphic DQ determinants were produced. NC1 reacted with the H1L1 (DR) and H1L2(DRw52, DRw53 and allelic products) complexes of a DR family, while the specificity of PLM12 was DQw3 (previously called TB21). Both PLM2 and PLM9 reacted with the allodeterminant of TA10 (a subtype of DQw3). These three mAbs immunoprecipitated the same H2L3 complex of a DQ family. With the aid of these mAbs, DR molecules but not DQw3 molecules were detected on monocytes in significant quantities. The functional roles of these class II molecules in the T cell proliferative responses to three soluble antigens (PPD, mite, Candida) and alloantigens were examined by blocking assays in vitro. NC1 almost completely inhibited T cell proliferative responses against both soluble antigens and allogeneic antigens. In contrast, PLM2, PLM9 and PLM12 showed no significant inhibitory effects at all. These results indicate that DR and DQ antigens are different in their functional roles as well as their serological and immunochemical characteristics and tissue distributions; these three soluble antigens and the alloantigen were presented in association with determinants residing predominantly on two forms of NC1-reactive molecule, namely the H1L1 and/or H1L2 complex of a DR family but not in association with the DQw3 allodeterminant on the H2L3 complex of a DQ family. PMID- 3497989 TI - Immunochemical variables affecting radioantigen-binding assays of antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in childrens' sera. AB - In radioantigen-binding assays for antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide, an apparent antibody concentration [( (["Ab"]) is assigned to test sera on the basis of binding equivalence to dilutions of standard adult antiserum. In childrens' sera, ["Ab"] can disagree between laboratories and between intralaboratory assays using different preparations of radioantigen. Immunochemical variables causing disagreement include the dilution of test serum at which ["Ab"] is assigned and the concentration and size distribution of radioantigen. Binding-dilution curves of many childrens' sera displayed shallower slopes than did the standard, thus ["Ab"] increased with dilution, particularly in low-binding sera. An increase in radioantigen concentration also raised ["Ab"]. Using larger-sized radioantigen raised the binding in standard and childrens' sera comparably and thus would not directly affect ["Ab"] but would raise ["Ab"] indirectly by increasing the serum dilution. These results are theoretically predicted if the affinity of childrens' antibodies are lower than that of the standard. PMID- 3497991 TI - Immunoregulatory lymphocyte populations in disseminated histoplasmosis of infancy. PMID- 3497990 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-D) in infants. AB - Safety and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-D) was evaluated in infants seven to 14 months of age. PRP-D (80% of subjects) or saline placebo (20%) was randomly and blindly administered (two doses separated by two months). Incidence of mild reactions lasting less than 48 hr did not differ significantly between the placebo and vaccine recipients. Preimmunization levels of antibody to PRP were less than or equal to 0.15 micrograms/ml in 97% of subjects. A twofold increase in antibody concentration occurred in 88% of subjects following the first dose and in 99% following the second dose of vaccine. No change occurred in placebo recipients. Mean level of antibody and percentage of subjects with levels of antibody greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml after vaccination increased with increasing age. Responses were related to vaccine lot but not to sex, race, or geographic location. Two doses of PRP-D in infants seven months of age and older induced antibody levels equal to or greater than levels in infants 24 months of age given the polysaccharide alone. PMID- 3497992 TI - Establishment of a CSF-producing cell line from a human gastric carcinoma and characteristics of the CSF produced by that cell line. AB - A human cell line producing colony-stimulating factor has been established in vitro from a human gastric carcinoma. The cell line was transplantable into nude mice which developed a marked neutrophilia. The cell line has been maintained for three years. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet and produced colony stimulating factors that enhanced the formation of granulocyte and monocyte colonies in vitro with mouse bone marrow cells as the target and granulocyte colonies with human bone marrow cells as the target. PMID- 3497993 TI - B-lymphocyte colony formation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A semisolid culture system for B-cell colony formation is described. The system includes pretreatment of B-cells by neuraminidase-galactose oxidase and help of mitomycin-treated T-cells. With this assay system, colony-forming B-cell precursors were detected in all eight patients we studied with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These patients' own T-cell helper effect was less than that of normal T-cells. PMID- 3497995 TI - [Late postoperative evaluation of blood flow in coronary artery bypass grafts]. PMID- 3497994 TI - The effect of recombinant erythropoietin on murine megakaryocyte colony formation. AB - We investigated the effect of a recombinant human erythropoietin preparation (recombinant Epo) on murine megakaryocyte (MK) colony formation in serum-free and serum-containing culture systems, in order to study the relationship between Epo and megakaryopoiesis. Pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM), a standard source of MK colony stimulator, dose-dependently stimulated MK colony formation in the two culture systems. The plating efficiency of serum-free cultures was almost equal to that of cultures containing serum. Recombinant Epo also dose dependently stimulated MK colony formation in serum-containing cultures. However, in serum-free cultures recombinant Epo alone did not stimulate the growth of MK colonies; with the addition of fetal calf serum (FCS) to the serum-free cultures, recombinant Epo induced the growth of MK colonies. Furthermore, recombinant Epo enhanced MK colony formation through the stimulation of PWM-SCM or murine interleukin 3 (IL-3) in serum-free cultures. Our data show that Epo can act as a stimulator of megakaryopoiesis in collaboration with a factor in serum, or with an MK colony stimulator such as IL-3. PMID- 3497996 TI - [Assessment of myocardial viability for coronary artery bypass grafting by intraoperative epicardial mapping]. PMID- 3497997 TI - Morphologic and functional heterogeneity among rat alveolar macrophage fractions isolated by centrifugation on density gradients. AB - Lavaged rat bronchoalveolar cells were separated into four different density fractions (I-IV) by centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Maximum cell size was found in the lowest density fraction (I) and minimal cell size in the highest density fraction (IV), showing an inverse correlation with cell density. These fractions contained alveolar macrophages (AM) in the proportion of 97% or more by morphologic criteria, while phagocytic AM was approximately 80% in each fraction. Although the proportion of Ia antigen positive AM was low in each fraction, it was elevated after incubation with supernatants from concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated spleen cell cultures, with greater Ia expression in higher density fractions. Differences in these fractions were also noted in several functions, including Fc receptor activity, chemotactic migration, tumoricidal activity, and interleukin 1 (IL-1) production, all of which were greater in higher density fractions (III and IV). Con A-induced T cell proliferation was, however, suppressed by these higher density fractions, whereas only an intermediate density fraction (II) enhanced T cell responses. These results indicate morphologic and functional heterogeneity among rat AM. PMID- 3497998 TI - Anti-PPD IgG responses in tuberculous pleurisy. PMID- 3497999 TI - Histiocytosis X: overlapping form between Letterer-Siwe disease and Hand-Schuller Christian disease with advanced thymic involvement and obstructive jaundice. PMID- 3498000 TI - Effects of metyrapone and etomidate on adrenal function and growth rate in female rats. AB - Two inhibitors of adrenal steroidogenesis were examined to determine whether the growth rate of female rats could be improved by lowering circulating plasma corticosterone concentrations. The first inhibitor, etomidate, is a potent narcotic agent and was found to have no effect on plasma corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone (DOC) concentrations at sub-narcotic doses. Growth rate, food intake, food conversion efficiency and adrenal weight were also unaffected by the drug. The second inhibitor, metyrapone, was shown in acute studies to have two distinct actions. In 6-week-old female rats moderate doses of metyrapone (50 mg/kg) had a stimulatory action resulting in increased plasma DOC and corticosterone concentrations. Higher doses of metyrapone (150-300 mg/kg) were increasingly less selective, causing an increase in plasma concentration of DOC, but attenuating the increase in corticosterone concentration, presumably by inhibiting the 11 beta-hydroxylase enzyme which allows the conversion of DOC to corticosterone. In adult rats (greater than 12 weeks old) the classical response to metyrapone was observed. Plasma DOC concentrations were increased, while corticosterone levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In 5-week-old rats treated chronically, metyrapone (300 mg/kg) had no effect on plasma corticosterone, but increased plasma DOC concentration, depressed food intake and reduced growth rate. In 8-week-old rats treated chronically, the high dose of metyrapone (300 mg/kg) required to lower peak plasma corticosterone concentrations produced toxic effects resulting in the death of three animals. The remaining animals recovered rapidly, and gained more weight than controls over the final 6 days of the experiment. However, this experiment was terminated before the treated animals were able to catch up with the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498001 TI - Tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and epidermal growth factor stimulate proliferation and inhibit differentiation of porcine thyroid cells in primary culture. AB - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is a potent tumour promoter and shows several biological activities of epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF and TPA stimulated proliferation and inhibited differentiation of porcine thyroid cells in primary culture. They also stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation and inhibited an early step in thyroid hormone synthesis (iodine organification). The results indicate that EGF and TPA switch the developmental course of porcine thyroid cells from differentiation to proliferation. PMID- 3498002 TI - Interleukin 4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) can mediate the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity directed against fresh tumor cells. AB - Interleukin 4 (IL-4) expresses multiple biologic activities, including B cell, mast cell, and T cell stimulation. We showed that the incubation of resting splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice solely in purified native or recombinant mouse IL-4 results in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity directed against fresh, syngeneic sarcoma cells. The precursor activated by IL-4 expresses surface asialo-GM1. In addition, IL-4 is capable of amplifying the splenic LAK activity induced by recombinant IL-2. The generation, by IL-4, of killer cells with broad antitumor reactivity raises the possibility of using IL-4 alone or in combination with IL-2 in the immunotherapy of cancer in animal models. PMID- 3498003 TI - Induction of c-ets and c-fos gene expression upon antigenic stimulation of a T cell hybridoma with inducible cytolytic capacity. AB - Expression of cellular oncogenes was studied in a T cell hybridoma that undergoes cytolytic activation when stimulated by specific antigen or by anti-Thy-1 antibody. The activation occurs without induction of hybridoma proliferation, providing a model to examine oncogene expression during functional differentiation of lymphocytes. We found that c-fos and c-ets-1 mRNAs were transiently induced at high levels in the hybridoma 30 min and 4 h after stimulation, respectively. c-myc and c-ets-2 oncogenes were constitutively expressed in the hybridoma and their mRNA levels were unaffected during 4 h of stimulation, although c-myc expression was reduced in the later stage of stimulation. Inhibitors of T cell activation, cyclosporin A and anti-LFA-1 antibody, blocked the induction of c-fos and c-ets-1 mRNAs without reducing the levels of c-myc and c-ets-2. The results indicate that the functional activation of the CTL hybridoma is associated with induction of c-fos and c-ets-1 genes. PMID- 3498004 TI - The effect of hepatectomy on T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations in rats. PMID- 3498005 TI - Ampicillin resistance and penicillin-binding proteins of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) alterations have been associated with non-beta lactamase-mediated ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. We evaluated the PBP profiles of several ampicillin-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates of H. influenzae to determine how consistently the described alterations occurred, and to document the reproducibility of the PBP profiles for this species. The MIC of ampicillin ranged from 0.06 to 0.13 microgram ml-1 for the susceptible isolates at an inoculum of 100,000 c.f.u. when tested by broth dilution, and was 0.5 microgram ml-1 for all four isolates when tested by agar dilution. The MIC for the resistant isolates ranged from 4 to 8 micrograms ml-1 when tested by broth dilution, and from 1.5 to 16 micrograms ml-1 when tested by agar dilution. At least eight distinct PBPs with molecular masses ranging from 27 to 90 kDa were detected both in cell membrane preparations and whole cell (in vivo) binding assays done on cells in the exponential growth phase. PBP variability was evident both in the ampicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates; however, much greater variability existed within the four resistant strains. The differences in PBP patterns included (1) electrophoretic mobility, (2) binding capacity for the antibiotic and (3) the presence of additional PBPs in two of the resistant isolates. However, decreased binding capacity was consistently demonstrated in PBP 5 (56 kDa) of all of the resistant isolates. Saturation curves with both penicillin and ampicillin indicated that PBP 5 had decreased affinity for the antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498006 TI - Mechanisms of liver cell damage in acute hepatitis B. AB - Markers of hepatitis B viral infection and the evolution of immune response to these were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in adult male and non-pregnant and pregnant female patients with acute hepatitis B from the time of onset of disease to the seventh week. In the adult male and non pregnant female patients, the peak ALT levels of about 360 IU/litre, seen at the time of onset, gradually declined during the course of the disease. Significantly, even in the seventh week, the median ALT level was abnormal (80 IU/litre). In contrast, the disease was mild in pregnant patients and the ALT levels declined rapidly, returning to normal by the third week. Markers associated with HBV replication, i.e., serum HBV-DNA and HBeAg, declined early in the course of the disease in both groups. The anti-HBc-IgM and anti-HBe responses were well evolved early in the course of the disease in both groups. HBsAg was present in the serum in large amounts (1-1.5 X 10(4) AU/100 microliter) early in the course of the disease and remained so up to the seventh week. Even the pregnant patients who had recovered clinically by the fourth week continued to have HBsAg in their sera in large amounts in spite of normal ALT levels. LMI and LTT responses to HBsAg, which were practically absent in the first week, gradually increased to a peak during the fourth week and remained elevated up to the seventh week in adult male and non-pregnant female patients. In contrast, LMI response to HBsAg was absent in pregnant patients with acute hepatitis B even up to the fourth week Thus, continued liver cell necrosis after the fourth week, as indicated by raised ALT levels, may be associated with T cell responses to HBsAg. PMID- 3498007 TI - HIV and HBV infection in intravenous drug addicts from northeastern Italy. AB - Three hundred and two intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) from five towns in Northeastern Italy were studied. Of the males, 37/249 (14.8%) were homosexuals and of the females, 29/53 (54.7%) were prostitutes; 118 (39.0%) were alcoholics. AST levels were abnormal in 31.8%, ALT in 45.7%, GTP in 36.4%, and bilirubin in 14.6%. The prevalence of HBsAg (13.9%) and HBeAg (21.4% of HBsAg positive) was significantly higher than in 2,983 controls (4.2% and 6.3%, p less than .001 and p less than .02, respectively). Of the HBsAg positive subjects, 51.7% had anti HDV antibodies. Among 260 HBsAg negative cases, 146 (56.2%) were anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive, 76 (29.2%) were anti-HBc positive and anti-HBs negative (25 anti-HBe positive and 51 anti-HBe negative), and 38 had no HBV markers. Anti-HIV ELISA positive subjects came to 70.5% (triplicate determination with absolute concordance) and Western blot analysis confirmed the results in 99.1% of ELISA positive and 100% of ELISA negative subjects. The prevalence of anti-HIV was significantly higher in anti-HBc positive than negative cases (p less than .02), even excluding HBsAg positive subjects. Cases negative for HIV and HBV had a significantly lower median duration of drug abuse than those with past or present infection (36 vs 60 months, p less than .001). HIV-related diseases were present in 56.3% of the cases (120/213; PGL in 94, ARC in 24, and AIDS in two).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498008 TI - Lymphocyte transformation response of calves to respiratory syncytial virus. AB - Virus-specific cell-mediated immunity, as determined by in vitro lymphocyte transformation (LT), was demonstrated in calves following infection and vaccination with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After experimental infection, 4 of 6 gnotobiotic calves and 6 of 21 conventional calves developed a significant LT response to RSV. By means of a whole blood assay, the LT responses of calves were examined after vaccination with an inactivated vaccine, which consisted of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine nasal mucosa cells persistently infected with a bovine strain of RSV (GC), a live modified bovine strain of RSV (MV), or a live temperature-sensitive mutant of a human strain of RSV (ts-l). Three weeks after vaccination, a virus-specific LT response was detected in 6 of 6 calves given the GC vaccine, 0 of 4 calves given the MV vaccine, and 2 of 4 calves given the ts-l vaccine. The magnitude of the response was greatest in those animals given the GC vaccine. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the LT response and levels of serum neutralising antibody. However, the LT response did correlate with serum antibody measured by the single radial haemolysis test 3 weeks after the first vaccination. LT activity to RSV was associated with T and not B lymphocytes. The development of a virus-specific LT response in calves given an inactivated RSV vaccine was not associated with an increase in respiratory disease following challenge with live virus, but rather was related to increased resistance to RSV infection. PMID- 3498009 TI - Urban-rural comparisons of depressive disorders in French Canada. AB - A field survey in French Canada confirmed the familiar finding that rural residents have lower rates of depression than metropolitan residents and showed that this difference remains even after allowing for sex, age, marital status, education, employment, and internal migration. However, no support was obtained for the hypothesis that the metropolitan sample was feeling less communally supported than the rural sample, and the rates in a small county center proved to be lower than in the rural area, not higher as would be predicted on the assumption that its life is urban. Finally, the rural-metropolitan differences proved to be concentrated in two minorities, the unemployed men and the unpartnered women, rather than spread widely. It is suggested for these reasons that the traditional urban-rural dichotomy may now be inappropriate for sociopsychiatric research. PMID- 3498010 TI - Myelopathy in neonatal and infantile lupus erythematosus. AB - Two children with lupus erythematosus and myelopathy were studied. The first child developed the neonatal lupus erythematosus syndrome associated with transplacentally acquired anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. The cutaneous manifestations of neonatal lupus erythematosus disappeared but a residual myelopathy was confirmed at 16 months of age. The second child developed cutaneous lupus erythematosus at 3 months of age associated with a total deficiency of the Clr component of complement. A myelopathy and mesangial glomerulonephritis developed at 2 years of age which required treatment with corticosteroids. These two children with CNS lupus erythematosus, one associated with transplacentally acquired antibodies and the other associated with a complement deficiency, may suggest an immune-mediated mechanism for the pathogenesis of myelopathy in childhood lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3498011 TI - Expansion of activated T-lymphocytes in patients treated with recombinant interleukin 2. AB - Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2, Cetus) was administered in escalating doses to 30 patients with advanced malignancy, including 14 patients with the epidemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma, in 2 week treatment cycles as a 6 h i.v. infusion for 10 doses. The maximum tolerated dose was 2 X 10(6) U/m2, with dose-limiting toxicity consisting of fever, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia. At a well-tolerated dose of 1 X 10(6) U/m2, serum levels of rIL 2 of 30 U/ml were maintained for the duration of the infusion. Such concentrations sustain IL 2-dependent T cell growth in vitro. We observed a significant lymphocytosis in patients receiving 1 X 10(6) U/m2 of rIL 2 following 2 weeks of treatment (p = 0.0035). The expanded T cell pool was polyclonal, as demonstrated by increases in both T4+ and T8+ T cell subsets, and activated, with statistically significant increases in IL 2 receptor (p = 0.043), in the absence of transferrin receptor induction. Proliferating cells were not detected in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. Except for alpha-interferon, no other lymphokines (beta- and gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor) were present in serum during treatment. Reversible rises in anti rIL 2 IgG antibodies occurred, as measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No changes were observed in the T cell mitogenic response to OKT3 and phytohemagglutinin, and no enhancement of cytotoxicity against natural killer sensitive and resistant targets developed as a consequence of treatment. Except for a partial response in a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome, no antitumor activity was observed. The in vivo expansion of T cells with the capacity to respond to rIL 2 with enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor targets provides impetus to ongoing trials exploring different routes and schedules of administration of rIL 2. PMID- 3498012 TI - Inhibitory effects of alloimmune T cells on the generation of cytolytic responses of lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - Not all cancer-bearing hosts respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell immunotherapy. We wished to determine if modification of the host could change the immunotherapeutic effects. Alloimmunization of the host was used to study the suppression observed when LAK cells were generated in the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). If C57BL/6 (BL/6, H-2b) mice were given P815 (H-2d) tumor prior to syngeneic tumor challenge, the immunotherapeutic effects of IL-2 were lost. Cells taken from mixed lymphocyte culture and incubated 3 days in IL-2 showed a reduced capability of generating LAK. However, their cytotoxicity toward an alloimmunogeneic target was markedly increased by 3 days of incubation in IL-2. In mixing experiments alloimmune cells from in vitro culture were markedly inhibitory to normal splenocytes in the generation of LAK cell cytotoxicity; they also interfered with the maintenance of LAK cell cytotoxicity. A T cell was responsible for the suppressive effects on LAK generation because suppression was abrogated by treatment of alloimmune cells with anti-T serum plus complement. The cytotoxic T cell did not lyse the LAK cell. If IL-2 was serially diluted and incubated with CTLs, the IL-2 titer was substantially reduced by 72 h incubation. If supernatants from CTLs were added to serially diluted IL-2, the IL-2 titer increased; this suggested that a soluble suppressor factor produced by CTLs did not cause the diminished IL-2 plus LAK effects. These in vitro experiments suggest that CTLs compete with normal lymphocytes or LAK cells for IL-2 and thereby suppress LAK cell responses. These studies are important in attempting to elucidate the role the host's immune system may play in IL-2 plus LAK immunotherapy of cancer or infectious disease processes. PMID- 3498013 TI - Formation of macrophage (M) colony-stimulating factor by murine leukemia x fibroblast hybrid cells. AB - Clonogenic assays for M, GM, and G precursors of rat or mouse marrow cells were performed in the presence of medium conditioned by the growth of ASL-1 leukemia X LM fibroblast hybrid cells. Both GM- and M-colony-forming units (CFUs) were present in marrow cultures maintained in conditioned medium (CM) from hybrid cells (up to 162 +/- 10 total colonies per 10(5) cells) and from LM cells (65 +/- 5). Conditioned medium from ASL-1 cells did not lead to the formation of CFUs. The hybrid cell-derived CM supported the development of M and GM-CFUs from the marrows of DBA, CAF1, BDF1, C3D2F1, and C57B1/6 mice as well as Lewis, Brown Norway, and Wistar Furth rats. G-CFU were not detected in any of the preparations. Hybrid cell-CM supported the long-term growth and proliferation of macrophage-like cells from mouse spleen, consistent with the presence of M-colony stimulating factor (CSF). Evidence that M-CSF formed by the hybrid cells and M CSF formed by L cells shared structural features was provided by antibody neutralization studies. The CFU-promoting activity of hybrid cell-derived M-CSF was neutralized by an antiserum raised in goats against M-CSF purified from L cells. Independently prepared ASL-1 X LM hybrid cells, like the original, led to the formation of GM and M-CFUs. Attempts to detect each of several other previously defined growth factors in medium conditioned by the hybrid cells were unsuccessful. Interleukins 1, 2, and 3; B cell growth factors interferons alpha, beta, and gamma; erythropoietin; and burst promoting factor were not detected. PMID- 3498015 TI - Leucovorin plus 5-fluorouracil: an effective treatment for metastatic colon cancer. AB - In Columbus, OH, 46 patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with leucovorin (LV) 80 mg/m2/20 h intravenous (IV) infusion followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 IV bolus daily for three days and then once weekly. Many patients had liver (62%) and/or multisite metastases (53%), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) greater than 10 (76%), documented tumor progression before entry (51%), and tumor-related symptoms (36%), but also good performance status (84%). Prior therapy consisted of radiotherapy (RT) in 18%, chemotherapy in 22%, both in 4%, and none in 56%. There were 36% objective responses and 31% stabilization, which we believe is a significant change in the natural history of these patients. Median survival was 8 months. Improved survival was seen in patients with single- rather than multiple-site involvement. Decreasing CEA levels were seen in 59% (always in responders or patients with stable disease), and correlated with longer survival time (11.0 v 5.5 months, P = 0.01). Palliation of tumor related symptoms occurred in 75%, with or without antitumor effect. One patient with prior RT died of neutropenic sepsis after only the three-day load, so we now recommend only weekly therapy in previously radiated patients. Otherwise, toxicity was mild, manifest as weakness in 62%, nausea in 53%, or diarrhea in 47%, which was the most common dose-limiting side effect. The occurrence or absence of toxicity did not predict outcome. Because of equivalent efficacy, mild toxicity, and less expense, this regimen should be considered for patients who desire therapy. PMID- 3498014 TI - A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil and high-dose intravenous leucovorin in gastric carcinoma. AB - Twenty-eight patients with advanced measurable gastric carcinoma were treated with leucovorin (dl-CF; folinic acid; dl-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid) 500 mg/m2 administered as a two-hour infusion and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2 intravenous (IV) push midinfusion. Treatment was administered weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week rest. Twenty-five patients were evaluable for response. Twelve of them had received previous combination chemotherapy that included 5-FU. Median age was 59 years, and median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 2. Three patients had partial responses and two of them had been treated previously with 5-FU. Twelve patients had stable disease. Five of these patients had subjective improvement with improved performance status and/or decreased dysphagia. The 95% confidence interval for response is 3% to 32%. Median survival time for all 28 patients enrolled in the study was 22 weeks. Toxicity was moderate and consisted primarily of diarrhea. Myelosuppression, skin rash, and increased lacrimation also occurred. Plasma concentrations of the active reduced folates, I-CF and 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-CH3FH4), were greater than the 10 mumol/L levels that potentiate 5-FU activity in in vitro models, for more than four hours in all five patients in whom pharmacokinetics were studied. 5-FU and high-dose dl-CF has activity in patients with gastric carcinoma including patients who had previously progressed on 5-FU-containing combinations. Further study in a larger patient population is necessary to determine the usefulness of this regimen in gastric carcinoma. PMID- 3498016 TI - Adaptation of mechanoelectrical transduction in hair cells of the bullfrog's sacculus. AB - Adaptation in a vestibular organ, the bullfrog's sacculus, was studied in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiments, the discharge of primary saccular neurons and the extracellular response of saccular hair cells were recorded during steps of linear acceleration. The saccular neurons responded at the onset of the acceleration steps, then adapted fully within 10-50 msec. The extracellular (microphonic) response of the hair cells adapted with a similar time course, indicating that the primary sources of the neural adaptation are peripheral to the afferent synapse--in the hair cell, its mechanical inputs, or both. Evidence for hair cell adaptation was provided by 2 in vitro preparations: after excising the sacculus and removing the accessory structures, we recorded either the extracellular hair cell response to displacement of the otolithic membrane or the intracellular hair cell response to hair bundle displacement. In both cases the response to a step stimulus adapted. The adaptation involved a shift in the displacement-response curve along the displacement axis, so that the cell's operating point was reset toward the static position of its hair bundle. This displacement shift occurred in response to both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing stimuli. Its time course varied among cells, from tens to hundreds of milliseconds, and also varied with the concentration of Ca2+ bathing the apical surfaces of the hair cells. Voltage-clamp experiments suggested that the displacement shift does not depend simply on ion entry through the hair cell's transduction channels and can occur at a fixed membrane potential. The possible role of the displacement-shift process in the function of the frog's sacculus as a very sensitive vibration detector is discussed. PMID- 3498017 TI - Cellular sources of thymidine nucleotides: studies for PET. AB - The relative utilization of endogenously synthesized thymidine nucleotides and exogenously supplied thymidine analog was compared in a number of mammalian cell lines, tissues, and tumors. To measure the relative utilization, cells were incubated in tissue culture media containing the thymidine analog [3H]-5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine (BUDR). After extraction of the DNA, the degree of substitution of the thymidine by BUDR was determined by density gradient centrifugation. All the cell lines and tissues tested utilized both exogenous BUDR and endogenous thymidine sources to a similar extent. The relative utilization of the exogenous pathway could be manipulated by varying the exogenous concentration of BUDR. Our results demonstrate that one can predict the relative utilization of these two pathways and can calculate the effective specific activity of the intracellular thymidine nucleotide pool. Such information is needed in interpreting 11C-labeled thymidine uptake as measured by positron emission tomography. PMID- 3498018 TI - Quantitative autoradiography of parathyroid glands in rats with carbon-14-labeled amino acids. AB - We have utilized a quantitative autoradiographic method as a means of evaluating amino acid uptake of the rat parathyroid gland for the ultimate purpose of finding agents potentially suitable for position emission tomographic scanning of parathyroid glands. L-[1-14C]leucine and L-[guanido-14C]arginine were evaluated because of their relatively high content in the synthetic products of the parathyroid glands compared with other neck tissues, thyroid gland, and muscle. Carbon-14 leucine disappeared rapidly from plasma following intravenous injection and there was relatively selective uptake of the [14C]leucine and [14C]arginine by the parathyroid glands when compared with uptake by the thyroid gland and neck muscle. These data suggest that both agents warrant further investigation for their potential utility in positron emission tomographic scanning of the parathyroid gland. PMID- 3498019 TI - Compartmentalization and quantitation of protein in human milk. AB - Human milk protein was determined by three colorimetric methods and by Kjeldahl analysis. The distribution of nitrogen (N) and protein was determined within various milk compartments. Total N, whey, casein, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), cell N and N in the fat fraction were analyzed by micro-Kjeldahl analysis after a series of centrifugation and ultracentrifugation separations. Fresh milk samples (colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk) were centrifuged at 500 X g to separate milk cells and at 5000 X g to skim the milk. Decelled milk and skimmed milk were ultracentrifuged at 189,000 X g to separate fat and casein micelles from whey. NPN was analyzed after trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Whole milk, decelled milk, skimmed milk and whey were analyzed for protein with the Lowry method, modified for fat-containing samples, the Bradford dye-binding assay (Bio Rad) and the Pierce bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Cell nitrogen had a tendency to be lower in mature milk than in colostrum. Colostrum contained only 6% casein protein, whereas mature milk contained 13%. Fat from skimming was lower in N than fat from ultracentrifugation. Average NPN levels were similar for milk from all three lactation periods, and constituted 10% of colostrum N and 25% of mature milk N. Protein determined by the Bio-Rad method on whole milk samples had the lowest variability (square root MSE) when correlated to Kjeldahl values. All three assays had lower variability when analyzing whey and skimmed milk than when analyzing whole milk. The Lowry method and the Bio-Rad method had low variability for whey and skimmed milk samples, but the Lowry method yielded analytical values closest to Kjeldahl protein values. The BCA method consistently overestimated Kjeldahl protein by 30%. PMID- 3498020 TI - Enhancement of testicular cysteine proteinase inhibitor level in vitamin E deficient rats. AB - The effect of vitamin E deficiency on levels of proteinase inhibitors in sex glands of male rats was studied. Inhibitor levels against cysteine proteinases, such as ficin and cathepsin H, and against serine proteinase such as trypsin were examined. Vitamin E deficiency for 4 mo after weaning induced a fivefold increase in cysteine proteinase inhibitor level in testis, a two- to fourfold increase in prostate and epididymis and no change in seminal vesicle. No appreciable change was observed in trypsin inhibitor level in testis, epididymis or seminal vesicle. Therefore, vitamin E deficiency was reflected most sensitively by the cysteine proteinase inhibitor level in testis. These observations agree with our previous findings that alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitors in serum increased greatly whereas trypsin inhibitor in serum did not change in vitamin E-deficient rats. Major histological changes were observed in the testes of rats fed a vitamin E deficient diet for 4 mo, although testis weight was not significantly affected by vitamin E deficiency. PMID- 3498021 TI - Migration of teeth in shortened dental arches. AB - In shortened dental arches (SDA) the remaining premolars tend to migrate distally. This may lead to a decrease of the vertical dimension, resulting in an increased load on the anterior teeth. Consequently the number and intensity of the occlusal contacts between the front teeth increase. This may result in interdental spacing in the upper front region. In this study the pattern of migration of the teeth in subjects with SDA (n = 60) is described. The SDA group is compared with subjects having complete dental arches (n = 72). Although a systemic effect of SDA has been found on interdental spacing for subjects under 40 years of age, it is concluded that this migration is within acceptable levels. PMID- 3498022 TI - Periodontal conditions with removable complete and partial dentures in the adult population aged 30 years and over. AB - The periodontal conditions of subjects with different combinations of removable dentures were studied in a representative sample of 8000 subjects, of which 90% were used for the experiment. The number of subjects with removable dentures was 1468. Subjects with removable partial dentures had significantly more pockets and deeper pockets than did those without dentures. The periodontal condition of subjects with a complete denture in the opposite jaw was significantly better than that in other subjects. This was true in both men and women. The results indicated the importance of prophylactic and maintenance care in subjects with removable partial dentures. PMID- 3498023 TI - Concurrence of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and biliary atresia. PMID- 3498024 TI - Modulation of immune response. A possible role for murine salivary epidermal and nerve growth factors. AB - Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were found to moderate the reactivity of mouse spleen cells in an in vitro model of immune response. Blastogenic response was suppressed by EGF and potentiated by NGF. Both proteins are present in mouse, but not human, saliva in quantities equal to or greater than those affecting blastogenic response in our assay. Immune response occurring in the mouse periodontium may be affected by the presence of these factors in the saliva. PMID- 3498025 TI - Effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the function of resident peritoneal macrophages. AB - Resident peritoneal cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage were collected by lavage of mice and incubated in vitro for 1-3 d in a culture medium containing various concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Stimulation of the cells by zymosan showed that the potency of producing luminol-dependent chemiluminescence had been markedly increased in the CSF-treated cells, indicating increased generation of active oxygen species in these cells. There was an optimal concentration of M-CSF for the enhancement, and the potency of the cells was notably decreased by an overdose of M-CSF. The result was interpreted as being due to the down-regulation of M-CSF receptor. PMID- 3498026 TI - Acute intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage. PMID- 3498027 TI - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor alters calcium fluxes in rabbit aorta: a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated effect. AB - 1. Measurement of tension and 45Ca influx and efflux were used to study the effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), sodium nitroprusside and 8 bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) on contractile responses and calcium movements in aortic ring preparations of the rabbit. 2. EDRF activity, induced by stimulating endothelium-containing rings with acetylcholine, was associated with relaxation of noradrenaline-constricted rings and with a marked reduction of noradrenaline-stimulated increase in calcium influx. Sodium nitroprusside and 8 bromo-cyclic GMP had a similar effect in de-endothelialized preparations. 3. EDRF also inhibited noradrenaline-stimulated calcium efflux. Sodium nitroprusside and 8-bromo-cyclic GMP had a similar effect in de-endothelialized preparations, both in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium. 4. The vascular smooth muscle relaxant effect of EDRF and of nitrovasodilators may be effected by a cyclic GMP-mediated reduction of cytosolic calcium, through both inhibition of calcium influx and reduction of intracellular calcium release. PMID- 3498028 TI - Electrical stimulation of the auditory brain stem structure in deafened adults. AB - Electrical stimulation of the cochlear nuclear complex in the brain stem was first accomplished in a female adult deafened by bilateral acoustic tumors. The central electroauditory prosthesis (CEP) was surgically placed at the time of the second tumor removal. The patient has now been receiving electrical stimulation for 5 years. Six more adults have received the CEP at the time of tumor surgery. Clinical results indicate fluctuations in electrical measurements over time, particularly in the first weeks following surgery. Patients are able to sustain tone perception for one minute at all frequencies tested. Auditory discrimination test results reveal above-chance performance on suprasegmental measures, similar to scores achieved by cochlear implant users. No serious complications have occurred to date. PMID- 3498029 TI - Antigen presenting cells in human decidual tissue. II: Accessory cells for the development of anti-trinitrophenyl cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Antigen presenting cells were isolated from early human decidua or peripheral blood by elution with EDTA of cells that after Ficoll-Paque separation bear receptors for, and have bound to, fibronectin. Decidual antigen presenting cells (DAPCs) co-cultured with TNP-modified autologous T cells induced the development of cytotoxic anti-TNP T lymphocytes with an efficiency comparable to that of peripheral blood antigen presenting cells (PAPCs). Treatment with anti HLA-class II antibody plus complement and UV radiation resulted in substantial inhibition of the accessory cell function. The T cell mediated lysis of TNP-modified targets is restricted by the major histocompatibility complex. Our results show that HLA class I molecules are the most prominent restriction elements. The relevance of these data to the immunological mechanisms operating at the feto-maternal interface is discussed. PMID- 3498030 TI - The status of patient status measures. PMID- 3498031 TI - Partial characterization of the soluble mediator of leukocyte adherence inhibition. AB - The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test in arthritis is a model of cooperation between monocytes, T cells and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis in contact with aggregated IgG release within 60 min in the test tube a supernatant capable of inhibiting the adherence of PMN to glass (LAI activity). By protein labeling, fractionation and electroblotting, we showed that the supernatant LAI activity was located in the 14-20 kDa region of the gel and was actively secreted upon MNC stimulation. Under negative conditions, the factors with LAI activity were able to constitute larger complexes and their charge was heterogeneous. Their relationship to interleukin-1 (IL-1) is discussed, since the supernatant gave a positive response in the thymocyte proliferation assay; small amounts of IL-1 had the capacity to inhibit PMN adhesiveness and anti-IL-1 blocked this activity. PMID- 3498032 TI - Late onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis: relation to gut inflammation. AB - Ileocolonoscopy with biopsy of the ileum, ileocecal valve and cecum was performed on 32 patients (22 males, 10 females) with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) with pauciarticular onset. Mean age at onset of disease was 12 years. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was diagnosed in 13 patients; the other 19 cases were classified as reactive arthritis with recurrent or persistent pauciarticular synovitis. Twenty-two patients (68%) were HLA-B27 positive; 8 patients (25%) carried the HLA Bw62 antigen. Ileocolonoscopy was performed 6 months to 32 years after the initial manifestation of the disease (mean : 9 years). Fourteen patients had macroscopic lesions of the ileum and ileocecal valve although only 8 of these had a history of intestinal complaints. Twenty-six patients (81%) presented histological signs of gut inflammation. Most of the gut abnormalities were classified as active chronic or Crohn-like lesions (19/26). Only 7 patients had acute or bacterial enteritis-like lesions. Acute lesions were seen in only one patient with AS. All but 2 patients with sacroiliitis, in whom signs of gut inflammation were found, had active chronic lesions. All the 8 HLA-Bw62 positive patients had histological evidence of gut inflammation. Only chronic or Crohn like lesions were found. In the majority of patients with JCA with pauciarticular onset, gut inflammation was found on ileum biopsy. Some of their lesions are related to Crohn's disease, and the presence of the HLA-Bw62 antigen could predispose to the arthritis seen in these cases. PMID- 3498033 TI - HLA antigens in seronegative spondylarthropathies. Reactive arthritis and arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis: relation to gut inflammation. AB - The prevalence of HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens was determined and compared in 94 patients with reactive arthritis, 54 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 37 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in 1,010 apparently normal blood donors. The 185 patients all underwent ileocolonoscopy with biopsy of ileum, ileocecal valve and cecum. HLA-B27 was found elevated in the groups with reactive arthritis (48%, chi 2 = 82, p less than 0.0005) and the AS groups (78%, chi 2 = 157, p less than 0.0005), compared to healthy controls. HLA-Bw62 was significantly raised in the patients with reactive arthritis (34%, chi 2 = 73, p less than 0.0005) (particularly the HLA-B27 negatives (48%, chi 2 = 90, p less than 0.0005) and in the HLA-B27 negative patients with AS (25%, chi 2 = 5.5, p less than 0.02). This did not apply to the other patients with AS (4.7% NS). HLA Bw62 could be associated with a specific clinical picture of asymmetrical pauciarticular arthritis, accompanied by enthesopathies and sacroiliitis classified as idiopathic reactive arthritis, especially when the disease is of enterogenic origin. The frequency of HLA-Bw62 was very high in patients with reactive arthritis and in patients with AS with active chronic (n = 39, 23%, chi 2 = 13, p less than 0.0005) and Crohn-like lesions (n = 14, 50%, chi 2 = 35, p less than 0.0005) on gut biopsy, normal in patients with acute lesions (n = 35, 11%, NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498034 TI - Prevalence of anti-SSA (Ro) antibodies in a Mexican population of patients with various systemic rheumatic diseases. AB - The prevalence of anti-SSA (Ro) antibodies was investigated in 126 patients with various systemic rheumatic diseases and in 77 normal subjects. Also, we studied the relationship between these autoantibodies and the clinical features of our patients with SLE. Anti-SSA (Ro) occurred with a frequency of 14% in SLE but was not associated with specific clinical features of the disease. In Sjogren's syndrome the frequency was 25%, in rheumatoid arthritis 20.3% and in mixed connective tissue disease 15.4%. Finally, in the control group anti-SSA (Ro) antibodies were not present. We believe that the presence of this antibody is not specific to any rheumatic disease in our Mexican population, and should not be used as a "marker antibody" of some clinical features in patients with SLE. PMID- 3498035 TI - Quantification of the complement receptor function on polymorphonuclear leukocytes: its significance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The function of complement receptors (CR1) on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was assessed by C3b mediated binding of immune complexes (IC) to PMN. The binding of IC to CR1 on PMN depends on the activation of the classical complement pathway and was inhibited by the antibody to CR1 or C3b. CR1 function of PMN from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was reduced compared with those from normal controls or patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3498036 TI - Inflammatory involvement of cervical spine ligaments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial subluxation. AB - The inflammatory involvement of cervical spine ligaments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with atlantoaxial subluxation was studied. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the ligament structures between the posterior arch of the atlas and the spinous process of C2 during atlantoaxis stabilizing operations. Inflammatory cells in cryostat sections were stained in situ using monoclonal hybridoma antibodies applied in a sensitive avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In 4 of 8 ligament specimens, focal inflammatory cell infiltrates consisting mainly of T11 + T lymphocytes (77 +/- 9%) and M1 + monocytes (21 +/- 6%) were found. The occurrence of lymphocyte activation markers Ia, 4F2 and T9, 46 +/- 8%, 38 +/- 10% and 14 +/- 5%, respectively, suggests active involvement of the lymphocytes in the local immune inflammation. Our findings suggest a mechanism eventually leading to slackening of the cervical spine ligamentous apparatus and atlantoaxial subluxation in RA. PMID- 3498037 TI - Arthritis, bleeding disorder and a chromosome marker--a family study. AB - The presence of easy bleeding in a preadolescent white female with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and the presence of easy bleeding in some of her relatives led us to study the immune, genetic, and hematologic attributes of this family. Several members of the family showed abnormalities in the blood coagulation system suggestive of von Willebrand disease. The proband and her grandmother with the coagulation abnormality and rheumatic disorder also showed a particular chromosomal polymorphism (satellite chromosomes). While several interesting etiologic questions were raised, our results did not demonstrate a clear relationship between von Willebrand disease and JRA in this family. PMID- 3498038 TI - Spontaneous secretion of a proteoglycan releasing factor by mononuclear cells in juvenile arthritis. AB - Patients with juvenile arthritis (JA) spontaneously produced a substance which accelerated proteoglycan loss from cultured articular cartilage. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 patients with JA were cultured for varying days, and cell-free PBMC conditioned media were added to articular cartilage cultures. Release of proteoglycan and collagen from cartilage was quantified by analysis of chondroitin sulfate and hydroxyproline content, respectively, after 4 days of culture. Conditioned media from PBMC of patients with systemic onset JA (3/3) and 5/7 patients with polyarticular JA increased release of proteoglycan when added to cartilage cultures. Mitogen stimulation of the PBMC was unnecessary for activity and addition of mitogen did not alter proteoglycan release. The PBMC conditioned media from the other patients (2/7) with polyarticular JA, from patients (3/3) with systemic onset JA which had progressed to polyarticular JA, and from patients with pauciarticular JA, did not enhance proteoglycan release without mitogen stimulation. PBMC of normal children produced media which enhanced proteoglycan release after mitogen stimulation. No conditioned medium accelerated proteoglycan release if cartilage was freeze killed before culture and none tested reduced cartilage collagen content. PMID- 3498040 TI - The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. PMID- 3498039 TI - Finger joint calcinosis followed by osteolysis in a patient with multisystem connective tissue disease and anti-Jo-1 antibody. AB - The unique progression of distal interphalangeal finger joint calcinosis to total joint osteolysis in a patient with multisystem connective tissue disease is reported. Despite being anti-nuclear antibody negative, anti-Jo-1 antibody was detected. PMID- 3498041 TI - Synovial membrane-cartilage interactions--the role of serine proteinase inhibitors in interleukin-1 mediated degradation of articular damage. AB - Using a peritoneal macrophage/articular cartilage co-culture system, it was shown that the serine proteinase inhibitor derived from human articular cartilage modulated the release of 35S-labelled proteoglycan into media in a concentration dependent manner. Since the cartilage inhibitor fractions used were free of metallo-proteinase and cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity, but strongly inhibited serine proteinases, it was suggested that such enzymes may be implicated in the activation of latent metallo-proteoglycanases produced by chondrocytes on exposure to IL-1. PMID- 3498042 TI - Interleukin 1: purification and biochemical aspects of its action on cartilage. AB - Two types of interleukin 1 (IL-1) have been identified and purified from pig leukocytes. These probably correspond to the two IL-1s identified in humans, rabbits, and rats. The IL-1s both cause cartilage and bone resorption and act on connective tissues cells via a common receptor. The cartilage proteoglycan degradation is due to limited proteolysis, but the enzymatic mechanism is not known. Tumor necrosis factor also has been shown to cause similar cartilage degradation and both cytokines inhibit resynthesis of proteoglycan. To date these are the only cytokines known to cause these effects on cartilage. PMID- 3498043 TI - Isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 14. 5'(R)-C-[(L-homocystein-S yl)methyl]adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imidotriphosphate), a potent inhibitor of rat methionine adenosyltransferases. AB - The title compound is a covalent adduct of L-methionine (Met) and beta,gamma imido-ATP. In its synthesis the N-Boc derivative of 5'(R)-C-(aminomethyl)-N6 benzoyl-5'-O-tosyl-2',3'-O- isopropylidenadenosine was converted by the successive actions of CF3CO2H and HNO2 into the corresponding 5'(R)-C hydroxymethyl derivative. Treatment of this with disodium L-homocysteinate led to attack of sulfur at C6', apparently via a 5',6'-epoxide, and to total stereoselective inversion at C5' to furnish, after debenzoylation, 5'(R)-C-(L homocystein-S-ylmethyl)-2',3'-O-isopropylidene ade nosine. The 5' configuration was established by conversion of this into the known 5'(S)-C-methyl-2',3'-O isopropylidene adenosine with Raney nickel. The alpha-amino acid residue was protected as an N-Boc methyl ester, after which the 5'-hydroxyl was phosphorylated with benzyl phosphate and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The phosphoanhydride bond with inorganic imidodiphosphate was then created by established methods. Finally, blocking groups were removed under conditions that gave the desired adduct with no racemization of its L-methionine residue. It was a potent inhibitor [KM(ATP)/Ki = 1080; KM(Met)/Ki = 7.7] of the M-2 (normal tissue) form of rat methionine adenosyltransferase and of the M-T (hepatoma tissue) form [KM(ATP)/Ki = 670; KM(Met)/Ki = 22]. Inhibitions were competitive with respect to ATP or to L-methionine, indicating a dual substrate site mode of binding to the enzyme forms. PMID- 3498044 TI - Motility and infiltration capacity of lymphoid tumour cells: disturbance of motile behaviour in TCLL-lymphocytes. AB - The capacity of T-cells from 6 normal individuals and 4 cases of TCLL to develop motile forms and migrate within a collagen matrix was compared. In order to exclude possible inhibitory or cooperative cellular interactions the lymphocytes were plated at low density. Only a small proportion of fresh T-lymphocytes from healthy individuals developed motile forms after plating on substrata of collagen or plastic. During a 2 day culture period on collagen 50 to 90% of the T enriched cells from separate normal individuals developed motile forms and migrated into the collagen. Under the same conditions on plastic 30 to 50% of the lymphocytes developed motile forms. Virtually every single lymphocyte from one TCLL case (T3+, T4-, T8-) showed motile behaviour immediately after purification on both collagen and plastic and migrated into the collagen. This patient was demonstrated to exhibit lymphocyte infiltration in non-lymphoid tissues. The majority of the leukemic lymphocytes from 2 other patients (T3+, T4+, T8- and T3+, T4-, T8+ respectively) developed motile forms on collagen immediately after purification. On plastic the development of motile forms by cells from these 2 patients was slightly delayed but within 24 hours the percentage motile lymphocytes was the same as on collagen. In the fourth case (T3+, T4-, T8+) only a few lymphocytes showed motile behaviour on collagen and plastic and no migration within collagen was observed. The low number of motile T-cells in this patient did not increase with time. This patient exhibited an aggressive clinical course but no apparent lymphocyte infiltration into non-lymphoid tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498045 TI - Diacylglycerols stimulate short-circuit current across frog skin by increasing apical Na+ permeability. AB - The phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) stimulates baseline Na+ transport across frog skin epithelium and partially inhibits the natriferic response to vasopressin. The effects are produced largely or solely when TPA is added to the mucosal surface of the tissue. Although TPA activates protein kinase C, it has other effects, as well. Thus, the biochemical basis for the effects and the ionic events involved have been unclear. Furthermore, the physiologic implications have been obscure because of the sidedness of TPA's actions. We now report that two synthetic diacylglycerols (DAG) replicate the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of TPA on frog skin. DAG is the physiologic activator of PKC. In this tissue, it produces half-maximal stimulation at a concentration of less than or equal to 19 microM. In contrast to TPA, DAG is about equally effective from either tissue surface. In a series of eight experiments, DAG was found to depolarize the apical membrane. Diacylglycerol also increases the paracellular conductance of frog skins bathed with mucosal Cl- Ringer's solution. The latter effect can be minimized by replacing NO3- for Cl- in the mucosal solution. Under these conditions, combined intracellular and transepithelial measurements indicated that DAG increased both the apical Na+ permeability and intracellular Na+ concentration. These results are qualitatively similar to the effects of cyclic 3',5'-AMP on this tissue, suggesting that activation of PKC by DAG causes phosphorylation of the same or nearby gating sites phosphorylated by cAMP. We propose that apical Na+ entry is regulated in part by activation of PKC, and that insulin may be a physiologic trigger of this activation. PMID- 3498046 TI - Translational repression: biological activity of plasmid-encoded bacteriophage T4 RegA protein. AB - The RegA protein of bacteriophage T4 is a translational repressor that regulates expression of several phage early mRNAs. We have cloned wild-type and mutant alleles of the T4 regA gene under control of the heat-inducible, plasmid-borne leftward promoter (PL) of phage lambda. Expression of the cloned regA+ gene resulted in the synthesis of a protein that closely resembled phage-encoded RegA protein in biological properties. It repressed its own synthesis (autogenous translational control) as well as the synthesis of specific T4-encoded proteins that are known from other studies to be under RegA-mediated translational control. Cloned mutant alleles of regA exhibited derepressed synthesis of the mutant regA gene products and were ineffective in trans against RegA-sensitive mRNA targets. The effects of plasmid-encoded RegA proteins were also demonstrated in experiments using two compatible plasmids in uninfected Escherichia coli. The two-plasmid assays confirm the sensitivities of several cloned T4 genes to RegA mediated translational repression and are well-suited for genetic analysis of RegA target sites. Repression specificity in this system was demonstrated by using wild-type and operator-constitutive translational initiation sites of T4 rIIB fused to lacZ. The results show that no additional T4 products are required for RegA-mediated translational repression. Additional evidence is provided for the proposal that uridine-rich mRNA sequences are preferred targets for the repressor. Surprisingly, plasmid-generated RegA protein represses the synthesis of some E. coli proteins and appears to enhance selectively the synthesis of others. The RegA protein may have multiple functions, and its binding sites are not restricted to phage mRNAs. PMID- 3498047 TI - Mechanisms of action of diltiazem in isolated human atrial and ventricular myocardium. AB - A comparative study of human atrial fibers (HAF), human ventricular fibers (HVF), frog ventricle, and frog skeletal muscle demonstrated marked differences in tension development in the presence of diltiazem. There was no significant difference between the tension developed by HAF and by HVF over a range of diltiazem concentrations when the differences in resting membrane potential were corrected by increasing external K+ concentration. In human myocardium, diltiazem resulted in both a voltage and use-dependent blockade of the calcium channel. Comparison of the tension-dose response curves in human myocardium, frog ventricle and skeletal muscle showed that diltiazem was most effective at decreasing tension in frog heart, and least effective in skeletal muscle with human myocardium being intermediate. In skeletal muscle, neither tension development nor the birefringence signal related to the Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was significantly altered by Diltiazem in concentrations less than 10(-6) M, but in concentrations greater than 10(-5) M both were suppressed. Diltiazem suppressed tension in human myocardium over the range of membrane potentials associated with Ca2+ channel activity, while at more positive potentials, diltiazem appeared to have little effect on the tension-voltage relations. Diltiazem had no effect upon tension development induced by acetyl strophanthidin in human myocardium or upon the Ca2+ sensitivity of chemically skinned atrial or ventricular fibers. Thus the tension-suppressant effect of diltiazem in human myocardium appears to be mediated by a combination of voltage dependent block of the Ca2+ channel and inhibition of Ca2+ release from internal stores, and not from alterations in either Na+-Ca2+ coupled transport or Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments. PMID- 3498049 TI - Diagnosis and management of massive gastrointestinal bleeding owing to duodenal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. AB - We report 3 cases in which duodenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma caused massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In 2 patients the initial symptom was melena and 1 experienced hematobilia. In 2 patients the diagnosis was not suspected until a hypervascular mass was seen on arteriography and the bleeding was controlled by embolization of the gastroduodenal artery. In the third patient an aorto-enteric fistula was suspected on contrast-enhanced computerized tomography but arteriography showed hypervascular metastases in the duodenum. PMID- 3498048 TI - Hypertension in the Hispanic and black population in New York City. AB - Little data have been accumulated on the health care problems of underserved, urban Hispanic-Americans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the adequacy of treatment for Hispanic-Americans (predominately Puerto Ricans) and blacks living in the South Bronx section of New York City.Almost three fourths (74.5 percent) of the study subjects (n = 145) knew what hypertension was, and 40.7 percent said they had hypertension. However, 52.3 percent of subjects (Hispanic, 49.2 percent and black, 61.5 percent) who responded that they were not hypertensive had hypertension. Of those who said they had hypertension, only 55.9 percent were taking medication (Hispanic, 57.5 percent and black, 57.1 percent). For those taking medication, the majority did not have their hypertension controlled (Hispanic, 78.2 percent and black, 100 percent).These data suggest that for urban Hispanics and blacks, both hypertensive awareness and control is poor. This population thus appears likely to suffer excess morbidity and mortality from hypertension. Public policy programs for surveillance and control of hypertension in urban Hispanic and black populations may decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality from this treatable disease. PMID- 3498050 TI - Kartagener's syndrome with normal spermatozoa. PMID- 3498051 TI - Results of a second-opinion program for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Second opinions for surgical procedures are now being sought by patients or are required by insurance carriers. We examined outcomes among 88 patients (76 men; average age, 59 years) referred for a second opinion as to the need for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. All patients had undergone coronary arteriography, which disclosed in 63 (72%) multivessel coronary artery disease, while in the remaining 25 patients single-vessel disease involved the left anterior descending coronary artery. Continuation of medical therapy was recommended for 74 (84%) of the 88 patients. Sixty of these 74 patients chose this option and continued to receive medical therapy without any fatalities during a follow-up period of 27.8 months. The remaining 14 patients elected to cross over to surgical therapy at an average of 11.3 months from the second opinion. We conclude that second opinions for selected, motivated patients slated for coronary artery bypass graft operation afford a significant and safe option. Moreover, a majority of patients will adhere to a second opinion recommending medical therapy, thus reducing the need for surgical intervention by as much as 50%. Since the study was based on a small sample size of self-selected patients, these data require caution in extrapolating to the general population with coronary artery disease. PMID- 3498052 TI - Second opinions for aortocoronary bypass grafting are beneficial. PMID- 3498053 TI - [Primary B cell lymphoma of the skull following head trauma; a case report]. PMID- 3498054 TI - [Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes--three cases with positive direct Coombs' test]. PMID- 3498055 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T cell lymphoma associated with hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia and abnormality of coagulation]. PMID- 3498056 TI - [A case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with tumor formation]. PMID- 3498057 TI - [Studies on an experimentally-induced acute hepatic failure in mice: low productivity of interleukin 1 and 2]. PMID- 3498058 TI - [The aging of the brain studied with PET, MRI and X-ray CT]. PMID- 3498059 TI - [Age-related functional and proportional changes in human lymphocytes: clinical significance as indicators for immunosenescence]. PMID- 3498060 TI - [Detectability of small hot lesions in single photon emission computed tomography: experiments using phantom and computer simulation]. PMID- 3498061 TI - [Fundamental and clinical study using the osteocalcin RIA kit]. PMID- 3498062 TI - [S-B tube (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube) for hemostasis in hemorrhage in esophageal varices]. PMID- 3498063 TI - Positron tomography for ophthalmology. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) has been applied so far to estimate the viability of malignant tumors or to assess cerebral higher function in living animals and in man. Our preliminary results suggested possibilities of nontraumatic imaging diagnosis of orbital tumors; the rate of incorporation of glucose analogue, 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose, seemed to reflect the malignant nature of the tissue. PET also gives information concerning regional blood flow, glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption in the brain. We demonstrated chronic cerebral ischemia in cases with rubeosis iridis. PET was more sensitive in detecting lesions responsible for cortical hemianopsia than X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance CT. PMID- 3498064 TI - Normal and defective colour vision in large field. AB - Colour vision is spatially organized. A light stimulus has to strike spectrally different photoreceptors, covering the center and surround of the receptive field of a colour opponent retinal ganglion cell. Otherwise, no colour opponent processing of signals will occur. Vice versa, spatial summation provided by a large field may compensate for weak opponency. This happens not only in congenital, but also in acquired colour vision defects, when opponency is weakened secondary to a reduced receptoral input. Large field colour vision in Daltonians. Large field red-green opponency is a common phenomenon in patients fitting into the criteria of protanopia and deuteranopia. The difference between small and large field colour vision can be demonstrated by the "projection anomaloscope". At a 30 degrees test field, many anopes behave like the respective anomalous observers. The majority of anopes appear to have some "forbidden cones" at their retinal disposal. So, anomaly and anopia share a common photochemical basis, i.e., the anomalous pigment. However, in anopes, the number of those anomalous cones is extremely small. Therefore, anopic observers usually need a very large amount of spatial summation to arrive at a well defined match of the projection anomaloscope. In protanopes the large field match in our experiments was always a protanomalous one, with the exception of one large field protanope. In deuteranopes, however, there was no such constant behaviour in large field matching. We found deuteranomalous matches as well as matches in the vicinity of the normal mid-match point. Contrary to this behaviour of anopes anomalous observers do not significantly alter their matching pattern irrespectively of whether small (1 degree) or large (30 degrees) test fields are used. So-called peripheral colour blindness of normal observer. Results of classical colour perimetry reveal a dichromatism of the intermediate and a monochromatism of the extreme retinal periphery of the normal observer. These results appear to contradict the common everyday experience of colour constancy throughout the visual field. But a threshold correlation of colour constancy at different retinal exentricities can be demonstrated by recording spectral increment thresholds with test field diameters increasing towards the retinal periphery. So, the colour blindness of the retinal periphery is merely an area phenomenon. It can be overcome by large field observation, rendering spatial summation. Congenital achromatopsia. Remnants of colour vision can be demonstrated in many achromats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498065 TI - Contribution of electroretinography to diagnosis of color vision deficiencies. AB - The role that electroretinography (ERG) has played in the past and might play in the future in the study of color vision deficiencies is discussed in this paper. First, an example is given of how Copenhaver and Gunkel concluded in 1958 the absence of the green cone system in deuteranopia before Rushton, with the more direct method of densitometry, reached the same conclusion. Padmos and van Norren showed in 1971 that chromatic adaptation did not change a dichromat's spectral sensitivity curve, which fits the model of a loss system. A comparison between dichromats' spectral sensitivity curves based on the rapid off-response and recent data on single monkey receptors showed a slight but systematic discrepancy, indicative of a rod contribution in the off-response method. Carriers of color vision deficiencies might be more readily detected with an ERG than with a psychophysical method. The early receptor potential (ERP) seems a less suitable means to study color vision deficiencies. The blue cones form an interesting subject of study since they seem to be the most vulnerable cone type. With an ERG method a localization of acquired tritan deficiencies is possible. A recent finding is that blue cones are substantially more sensitive to light damage than either rods, or red or green cones. PMID- 3498066 TI - Electrodiagnosis of red-green colour deficiency. AB - The electroretinographic rapid off-response and the early receptor potential were studied in congenital red-green colour deficiency. The sensitivity of the rapid off-response was low in protans and high in deutans at long wavelengths, and high in protans and low in deutans at short or medium wavelengths, as compared with normal subjects. The ratio of the sensitivity at 480 nm to the sensitivity at 620 nm (S480/S620) was higher in all cases of protans and lower in all cases of deutans so far tested than in normal subjects. The amplitude of the rapid off response to white stimulus light did not differ among normals, protans and deutans. The S480/S620 was abnormal in some protan-carriers, deutan-carriers and Farbenamblyopie. The mean amplitude of the early receptor potential (R2) was small in protans at long wavelengths, and small in deutans at short or medium wavelengths. A significant correlation was found between the amplitude ratio of the R2 and the sensitivity ratio of the rapid off-response at short and long wavelengths. PMID- 3498067 TI - Rod-cone interactions in night-blinding disease. AB - When rods are dark-adapted they reduce cone flicker sensitivity as though a low pass filter had been inserted in the visual pathway. This process is exaggerated in certain individuals and accounts for their complaint of night blindness, though ordinary clinical testing shows no abnormality. This rod-cone interaction occurs in the ERG and is absent in disease of the outer retina, which argues that the pathway involved is via the horizontal cell feedback onto the cones. Various anomalies of rod-cone interaction can be seen in retinitis pigmentosa. These suggest that it is the rod dark current which is responsible for inhibiting cones. The implications for the pathophysiology of retinitis pigmentosa are discussed. PMID- 3498068 TI - Spectral characteristics of electroretinography in congenital red-green color blindness. AB - There are few conclusive electroretinography (ERG) studies comparing the spectral characteristics in deutans and normals in contrast to protans and normals. The difficulties of research on deutans were thought to be due to problems in detecting the very slight differences in the spectral characteristics between deutans and normal subjects. To record monochromatic ERG responses accurately in deutans, our time-locked scanning method was improved as follows: We used 12 interference filters for stimulus lights with narrow half widths (4-6 nm) and wavelengths of peak transmission arranged at intervals of 10 nm between 520 nm and 600 nm. Each stimulus light was strictly adjusted to an equal energy and checked simultaneously with ERG recordings. Contact lens electrodes were reformed for comfortable fitting to subjects' corneas. The time interval between each stimulation was set at 300 msec and one scanning of all stimulations took only 3.9 sec. ERG bp-waves were recorded in congenital color blindness by scanning monochromatic light stimuli, and spectral responses obtained could be evaluated as a spectral pattern. Different spectral patterns of responses from those of normal subjects and shift of the peak in the spectral response curves were obtained for congenital color blind subjects. The maximal responses were recorded at around 540 nm in protans and at 570-580 nm in deutans under white adaptation. Differences in the response curves were not found between dichromats and anomalous trichromats. Moreover, selective chromatic adaptation disclosed the separate responses of green cone and red cone systems. In normal subjects the peak of the spectral response curves was shifted to around 540 nm by red adaptation and to around 580 nm by blue adaptation. The spectral patterns changed so that they looked like the patterns under white adaptation of protans and deutans, respectively. But in protans and deutans the same spectral response patterns and almost the same wavelengths of the peak in the spectral response curves as those obtained under white adaptation were recorded under chromatic adaptation. This method provides the possibility of differentiating between red and green color blind subjects and normal subjects by the ERG. Defects or marked abnormality in the red cone system in protans and the green cone system in deutans can also be detected. Monochromatic ERGs of deutans were recorded under more intense red adaptation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498069 TI - On- and off-responses in photopic electroretinogram in complete and incomplete types of congenital stationary night blindness. AB - The on- and off-responses of photopic electroretinogram (ERG) were recorded by rectangular light stimuli in 13 patients with complete type and 9 patients with incomplete type of congenital stationary night blindness. The positive on response (b-wave) was significantly smaller in both types than in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). The rapid off-response was normal in complete type patients, but was significantly smaller in incomplete type patients than in normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Since the rapid off-response mainly reflects the decay of the late receptor potential of the cones, incomplete type patients may have a visual disturbance in the cone itself. Normal rapid off-response with abnormal on response in complete type patients suggests the existence of a photopic visual disturbance in the middle retinal layer. These results strongly suggest that these two types of congenital stationary night blindness have a different pathogenesis in the photopic visual pathway. PMID- 3498070 TI - Possible pathogenesis of congenital stationary night blindness. AB - We reported a case of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) who showed Schubert-Bornschein type electroretinogram (ERG) in the right eye and nearly normal ERG in the left eye with absolute glaucoma. From the electrophysiological findings of both eyes and histological findings of the enucleated eye, we concluded that the mechanism of night blindness in CSNB is an abnormal inhibition in the bipolar cell layer. The experiments in rabbits by vincristine intravenous and intravitreous administrations did not give rise to a negative type ERG, but to a decrease of the amplitude of all ERG components. The lesion of CSNB which was reported to be responsible in the synaptic terminal by Ripps et al could not be confirmed. PMID- 3498071 TI - Effects of stimulus intensity and duration on photoresponses of single rods in the frog retina. AB - Electrical responses to light flashes were recorded from single red rods in dark adapted retinas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. When the flashes were less than or equal to 50 ms in duration, plots of the peak amplitude of the responses as a function of log stimulus intensity were found to be parallel, and the stimulus intensity and duration required to elicit criterion-amplitude responses showed a linear relation with a negative unit slope. Furthermore the waveforms of equal-amplitude responses to flashes of different intensities and durations were superimposable. With increases in the stimulus duration beyond 50 ms, however, the slopes of the response-log intensity curves for the higher stimulus intensities decreased, the slope of curves describing the intensity required to elicit criterion responses became less negative, and the responses of the rods decayed more slowly. These results indicate that within 50 ms after the onset of flash stimuli, the effect of incident photons summate linearly to evoke rod responses of certain sub-saturating amplitudes when assessed in terms of the peak response amplitude as well as the response waveform. PMID- 3498072 TI - Prevalence of panic disorder and other subtypes of anxiety disorder and their background. AB - Two hundred and forty-four patients with various subtypes of DSM-III anxiety disorder were found among 3,059 outpatients who visited our clinic consecutively for evaluation for five years. They included 53 patients with panic disorder comprising an outstanding number of patients, about a quarter of patients with anxiety disorder and 1.7% of the whole outpatient population, and 78 with generalized anxiety disorder. Differentiation between these two groups was difficult to make besides their specific clinical features whether the patient had panic attacks or chronic generalized anxiety. The patients with anxiety disorder were divided into two major groups--panic-generalized anxiety-simple phobia and social phobia-obsessive compulsive-agoraphobia--in respect to their age of onset of the illness, the duration of episode, separation from their parents, psychosocial stressors and response to pharmacotherapy. Social phobia and obsessive compulsive disorder comprised those patients with similar qualities to each other in terms of their demographic data and their social backgrounds, forming a distinct group apparently different from the panic-generalized anxiety group. They consisted predominantly of young male patients with an earlier onset of the illness, less separation experienced and a longer duration of the episode, while without meaningful psychosocial stressors preceding the present episode. These findings indicate that the prevalence of panic disorder in the Japanese population is as high as previously reported, although its discriminant factors from generalized anxiety disorder are ambiguous except for panic attacks. PMID- 3498073 TI - Bleeding varices located in the second portion of the duodenum. AB - A 41-year-old woman with cirrhosis of the liver was admitted to our hospital because of a severe melena. Blood pool scanning with labelled red blood cells showed a high concentration in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Endoscopy of the second portion of the duodenum revealed fresh blood on the first examination and varices with overlying erosion were evident in the second study. Co-existent esophageal varices were present but were apparently not associated with the bleeding. Because of the continuous hypotension even with blood replacement, ligation and sclerotherapy were performed. To evaluate the efficacy of the procedures, intraoperative two-dimensional Doppler echography was used and the transducer was applied directly to the viscera. Blood flow was visualized in the serosal and submucosal varices. After ligation and sclerosing of the veins, the blood flow velocity signals disappeared. This woman died of multiple organ failure on the ninth postoperative day. PMID- 3498075 TI - Electrically stimulated fusion of human UC 729-6 cell line potentially useful for generating antibody-secreting human-human hybridomas. PMID- 3498074 TI - Postoperative deep body temperature rhythm. AB - The postoperative deep body temperature rhythms of fifteen patients who received aorto-coronary bypass surgery (group I), and of seven patients who received non cardiac major surgery (group II), were studied. Postoperative patients, especially those who received aortocoronary bypass surgery, showed greatly disturbed deep body temperature rhythm. There existed infradian and ultradian rhythm in both groups, and there existed two patients in group I who did not show sinusoidal rhythm. The patients of group I also showed a longer period of rhythm than did those of group II. The mesor and amplitude of the patients in group I showed a greater individual variation than did those in group II. The acrophase of both groups deviated widely. The patients who underwent cardiac surgery needed a longer time for temperature rhythm recovery than did those who underwent general surgery. PMID- 3498076 TI - Feline interleukin 1 derived from alveolar macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 3498077 TI - [Evaluation of serodiagnosis detecting IgG antibodies against purified protein derivative and alpha antigen in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]. PMID- 3498078 TI - [Medical topics: Parkinson's disease/failure of coronary bypass operation]. PMID- 3498079 TI - [Late results of aortocoronary shunting in ischemic heart disease patients in relation to the severity of the coronary lesion and degree of myocardial revascularization]. AB - Long-term results of aortocoronary shunting are reviewed in 219 coronary patients with reference to the severity of coronary arterial damage and myocardial revascularization. Functional class of angina pectoris declined 2.5-fold postoperatively and was 1.6 +/- 0.14 at long-term follow-up. The success rate reached 74%. Survival rate was 87.3%, including hospital mortality, and long-term survival was 92.1%. Acute coronary insufficiency was the principal cause of compromised success and survival rates. The operation was particularly effective in patients with first- or second-degree total coronary arterial lesion and true complete myocardial revascularization. PMID- 3498080 TI - [Emergency aortocoronary shunting after the x-ray-guided endovascular dilatation of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 3498081 TI - Blood-membrane interaction in hemodialysis leads to increased cytokine production. AB - Recently much interest has been focused on the role of immunoregulatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) during the pathogenesis of immunological as well as inflammatory diseases. Therefore peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of eight patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) were tested for IL 1 and IL 2 production. Before starting HD, cytokine production by PBMC in culture was not altered in comparison to normal healthy controls, however, a significant increase of IL 1 and IL 2 production was observed within the first HD hour which lasted throughout the end of HD. Moreover direct effects of cellulose membranes on PBMC cytokine production as well as serum IL 1 levels have been investigated. Serum IL 1 levels were already elevated before onset of HD and increased further during HD. The discrepancy between PBMC IL 1 production and serum IL 1 levels may be due to the diminished excretion in patients with end stage renal disease. Since addition of dialysis membrane particles enhanced monocytes to produce more IL 1 as well as lymphocytes to release more IL 2, a direct stimulatory membrane effect is postulated. The increased release of immunoregulatory cytokines may account for some of the pathologic findings observed during hemodialysis. PMID- 3498082 TI - [Status of the immune system in children with disorders of esophageal patency]. PMID- 3498083 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children]. PMID- 3498084 TI - [Orbital and ocular mucormycosis]. AB - A case of mucormycosis in a 46-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is described. The typical clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic considerations are discussed. Mucormycosis is a rare complication in immunocompromised patients. Early ophthalmological diagnosis and rigorous therapy may improve the course of this otherwise fatal disease. PMID- 3498085 TI - [Langerhans cell histiocytosis in childhood--results of the DAL-HX 83 study]. AB - Owing to the unclear and mostly unknown etiology of Langerhans' cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and the unsatisfactory results in treating disseminated LCH a prospective multicentric study DAL-HX 83 was commenced, including 45 different clinics of West-Germany, Austria and Netherlands. From June 1st, 1983 to October 31st, 1986, 97 patients (pts) were involved in this study. 35 pts (9 females, 26 males, medium age 6 2/12 years, age range 0/12-14 2/12 years) suffering from localized disease (28x unifocal bone, 6x isolated skin, 1x isolated lymphnode involvement) were treated by surgery and/or radiation or were just kept in observation. 2 children (1 pt with primary localized bone lesion, 1 child with isolated skin rash) developed a new bone lesion after 1/2 year and 1 1/2 years respectively. 62 pts (33 females, 29 males, medium age 2 years, range 0/12-17 1/2 years) with previously untreated disseminated disease were assigned to 3 different risk groups (A, B and C) and were treated according to a standardized induction and risk adapted maintenance protocol. The whole treatment period was limited to 1 year. 19 pts with multifocal bone involvement (group A, medium age 6 1/2 years) were allocated to regimen A, 30 pts with bone and soft tissue involvement or soft tissue involvement alone (group B, medium age 1 8/12 years) to regimen B and 13 pts with dysfunction of the liver, lungs and/or haematopoietic system (group C, medium age 1 year) to regimen C. So far, 1 pt of group A (19 available pts) developed a new bone lesion after 10 months, another pt a suspicious bone involvement 16 months after diagnosis. A 4 months old girl of group B (27 available pts) died 11 months after diagnosis with progressive organ dysfunction, 2 pts are still alive with recurrent multifocal bone lesions and 1 pt achieved stable 2nd clinical remission after a local relapse (mediastinum). 4 pts of group C (11 available pts) died because of progressive disease between 5 days and 3 years after diagnosis, 3 pts are in partial remission after persistent and recurrent disease episodes. All the others are in clinical remission. The medium observation time of the whole group of pts with disseminated LCH is 1 9/12 years (range 0/12-3 5/12 years). The worst prognostic criteria were found to be the presence of organ dysfunction at diagnosis or its development during the course of disease and the age under two years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498087 TI - Nifedipine inhibits granulocyte activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3498086 TI - [Treatment of peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with co-trimoxazole, cefazolin or vancomycin]. AB - Three initial treatment schedules of peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are analysed. In 20 patients 56 episodes of peritonitis were treated by co-trimoxazole, 29 episodes in 20 patients by cefazolin, and 29 infections in 22 patients by vancomycin. The efficiency of the treatment modes was comparable. Vancomycin was found to be appropriate in particular because of the resistance characteristics of bacterial isolates. PMID- 3498088 TI - Demonstration of antibodies to the surface (anti-p41) and core proteins (anti p24) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in individuals positive for anti HIV. AB - Diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) relies on the demonstration of antibody to this virus. Occasionally, the combined analysis of sera using ELISA and western blot reveals false-positive results. We have compared a newly developed test to detect antibodies to the core (anti-p24) and surface (anti-p41) proteins of HIV with the established tests described above. Anti-p24 and anti-p41 were negative in three individuals positive for anti-HIV by ELISA and immunoblot; they had a low risk to acquire HIV infection and were clinically and immunologically normal and suspected false positive previously. In 62 individuals at risk, anti-p41 was always positive while anti-p24 was negative in 24/62 individuals including all but one patient with AIDS. The data indicate that this new test may replace the western blot as a reliable, widely available, and standardized confirmatory assay. In addition, preliminary evidence needs to be confirmed that quantitative analysis of anti-p24 might be of prognostic value in the course of HIV infection. PMID- 3498090 TI - [A case of contralateral hemisyndrome in the ophthalmic form of herpes zoster]. PMID- 3498089 TI - [Silent adrenal gland tumors in patients with adrenogenital syndrome]. AB - Adrenal tumors accidently detected by CT scan are increasingly seen in patients without clinical signs of adrenal diseases. We studied whether enhanced adrenal stimulation is of importance in the development of adrenal tumors. For this purpose 22 patients with adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) were studied by CT scan. One of these patients suffered from C-11 beta-hydroxylase-, one from C-3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase-, and 20 from C-21-hydroxylase deficiency. The average adrenal size of these patients was 506 +/- 79 mm2 as compared to 132 +/- 8 mm2 in the controls (P less than 0.001). Only two patients with the late onset form revealed adrenal glands of normal size. There was a significant correlation between adrenal size and patients' age (P less than 0.01). Females with the simple virilizing form revealed adrenal glands larger than those of the late onset form (640 +/- 169 vs 308 +/- 56 mm2). Eighteen patients with AGS exhibited one (n = 11) or several (n = 7) adrenal tumors, the size of which was 5-9 mm in diameter in 9, 10-20 mm in 7, and more than 50 mm in 2 patients. There was a significant correlation between adrenal hyperplasia and tumor diameter (P less than 0.001). No correlation was found between tumor size and plasma concentrations of testosterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone, patients' age at the time of diagnosis, or clinical signs of androgenization. Again, tumors were larger in females suffering from the simple virilizing form of AGS than in those with the late onset form (14.8 +/- 5.5 vs 7.7 +/- 0.8 mm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498091 TI - [Arrest and prevention of esophageal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension]. PMID- 3498093 TI - Reperfusion with ATP-MgCl2 following prolonged ischemia improves myocardial performance. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that infusion of ATP-MgCl2 during reperfusion following a prolonged period of hypothermic global ischemia would result in enhanced functional recovery of cardiac function. Two groups of dogs (n = 6 each) were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CP) with systemic hypothermia to 28 degrees C and subjected to 150 min of aortic cross-clamping. Crystalloid cardioplegia was infused every 20 min during ischemia. Reperfusion and rewarming were carried out for 20 min before discontinuation of CP bypass. During reperfusion, the experimental group received ATP-MgCl2(1.0 mg/kg/min ATP, 0.33 mg/kg/min magnesium). At 15 and 45 min following bypass, hemodynamic assessment was carried out for each animal by constructing Starling curves over a range of filling pressures at constant heart rate and comparing each animal to its own prebypass control level. The results indicated that ATP-treated animals exhibited complete functional recovery whereas control animals showed marked reduction in hemodynamic performance and myocardial compliance and had a higher myocardial water content (P less than 0.05). We conclude that infusion of ATP-MgCl2 during reperfusion following hypothermic ischemia may help ameliorate reperfusion injury. PMID- 3498092 TI - Experiments with a biological material for the closure of incisional hernias. AB - A new preparation process was studied which should allow the implantation of collagen type I in its native structure in reconstructive surgery, in this special case for closure of incisional hernias. As experimental animals we used 30 female Lewis rats. A defect of the anterior abdominal wall measuring 3 cm X 4 cm was closed with our collagen substitute. Biopsies taken after 4, 6 and 8 weeks were examined morphologically. As criteria for revitalization and revascularization we used the type of infiltrating cells, the depth and density of infiltration and the formation of new blood vessels. After 4 weeks the implants were infiltrated by fibroblasts that decreased in density towards the centre. Good revascularization could be seen on the muscle-implant interface. After 6 weeks the density of infiltrating cells had increased markedly even to the centre of the collagen implant. Sporadically small vessels could be seen. Eight weeks after implantation the density of infiltrated cells was at the same high level, and capillary bundles could be seen within the whole implant. We believe that this collagen implant is suitable for the closure of hernias as shown by its physical and morphological properties. In particular it appears to guarantee and earlier and tighter closure of hernias than other materials. PMID- 3498094 TI - Hydroxylation of steroids with 11 alpha-hydroxylase of Rhizopus nigricans. AB - Three groups of 3-keto-4-ene steroids with different side chains were used as substrates for the induced 11 alpha-hydroxylase of Rhizopus nigricans. The highest total bioconversion as well as the highest yield of 11 alpha-hydroxylated product is found using progesterone as substrate. By changing the polarity of the side chain, much higher yields of 6 beta- and 7 beta-hydroxylated products relative to 11 alpha-hydroxylated product are obtained. Our results thus provide evidence for the importance of the side chain in steroid-enzyme interactions. PMID- 3498095 TI - Cardiac tamponade resulting from massive chylopericardium after an aorta-coronary bypass operation. AB - Isolated chylopericardium after a cardiac operation is a rare clinical entity. A case of isolated chylopericardium with cardiac tamponade after a single aorta coronary artery bypass graft in a 49-year-old man is presented. Nonsurgical management was unsuccessful. Multiple surgical procedures were necessary for complete control of this difficult problem. The cause of chylopericardium in this patient appears to have been injury to the tributaries of lymphatic ducts in the pericardium. PMID- 3498096 TI - A stimulator of mouse stem cell proliferation produced by human regenerating bone marrow. AB - We examined CFU-S proliferation stimulator, which recruits stem cells in DNA synthesis, in conditioned media prepared from bone marrow cells of patients with regeneration hemopoiesis after chemotherapy induced hypoplasia. This activity was estimated by hydroxyurea sensitivity of CFU-S in mice, under conditions of incubation with human bone marrow conditioned medium (BMCM). We found that CFU-S proliferation stimulator was present to a considerable extent in human regenerating BMCM, but less so in normal BMCM and that the production fluctuated with change of hemopoietic states, in the same patient. This stimulator was heat labile, trypsin-sensitive and mainly produced by adherent cells. This factor may possibly be involved in regulation of proliferation of stem cells in regenerating bone marrow in humans. PMID- 3498097 TI - Progressive preleukemia presenting amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura: association of the 5q- syndrome with a decreased megakaryocytic colony formation and a defective production of Meg-CSF. AB - The authors present a patient with the typical clinical picture of an acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura. After 16 months of observation, the patient developed acute myelomonocytic leukemia. During the preleukemic phase and after progression to overt leukemia, serial in-vitro analyses of megakaryocytic, granulocytic, erythrocytic and T-lymphocytic colony growth were carried out in a microagar culture system. At presentation, a marked diminution of CFU-M was observed, whereas CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-C and CFU-TL were in the normal range. The CFU-M number remained at its low level during the whole observation period. The CFU-C number declined steadily during the preleukemic period, while BFU-E, CFU-E and CFU-TL remained constant until January 1985 when the patient developed AML. After progression to overt leukemia, a distinct reduction became evident in all colony-forming cells. Cytogenetic studies performed during the preleukemic phase indicated the presence of a 5q- chromosome. The authors submit evidence here that the patient was not only characterized by defective megakaryocytic colony formation but also by a deficiency of functional megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity. No humoral or cellular inhibitors of CFU-M colony formation were found. It is concluded that in preleukemia with a 5q- chromosome the megakaryocytic cell lineage may be involved in the process that precedes overt leukemia at an earlier time than cells of granulocytic and erythrocytic lineages. In addition, it is shown here that megakaryocytopoiesis during the preleukemic period can be characterized by two different defects: first, an intrinsic megakaryocytic stem cell defect and, second, a deficiency of functional megakaryocytic colony stimulating activity. PMID- 3498098 TI - Concomitant rearrangements of T-cell beta- and gamma-chain genes in childhood T lineage leukemia/lymphoma. AB - Similar to the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements in B-lineage cells, identification of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements is a novel clonal marker and necessary to establish a T-cell lineage. The function of T-cell gamma chain (T gamma) gene is still unknown, but because of its shared properties with T-cell alpha-chain (T alpha) and T beta genes, we analysed T gamma gene organization in 10 patients with T-lineage leukemia/lymphoma as well as in non-T lineage leukemias. All 10 cases of T-lineage leukemia/lymphoma, whose phenotypes were different, demonstrated T gamma gene rearrangements as well as T beta gene rearrangements. In contrast, among the non-T-lineage leukemias, the emergence of T beta and/or T gamma gene rearrangements was varied. Based on these findings, concomitant rearrangements of T beta and T gamma genes are characteristic in childhood T-lineage leukemia/lymphoma regardless of their phenotypic differences. Furthermore, no obvious developmental hierarchy was observed between T beta and T gamma gene arrangements in these leukemia/lymphoma cells. PMID- 3498099 TI - Target cell DNA fragmentation is mediated by lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. AB - Supernatant fluids containing lymphotoxin (LT) activity were examined for their ability to mediate the fragmentation of cellular DNA in target L929 cells in the manner observed in cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated killing. These supernatants were able to mediate L929 target cell DNA fragmentation, requiring a time course of 48 hours. In an effort to determine whether or not LT was directly involved in mediating this activity, recombinant-derived human lymphotoxin was tested for its ability to bring about the same effect. Both recombinant-derived LT and recombinant-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a factor produced by macrophages and having some activities in common with LT, were able to cause DNA fragmentation in L929 over the same time course. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA isolated from LT-treated L929 target cells revealed that it is fragmented into low molecular weight fragments in a pattern similar to that produced in DNA isolated from target cells after attack by cytotoxic T cell lethal hit. PMID- 3498100 TI - Development and use of a radioimmunoassay for human interleukin-1 beta. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates immunological, physiological, and metabolic changes associated with inflammation and host defense systems. Measurement of IL-1 activity can vary with the bioassay employed and substances have been described in several bioassay systems that either inhibit or mimic IL-1 activity. We now report a sensitive, rapid (24 hour), and specific radioimmunoassay for human IL-1 beta. Using 125I-labeled IL-1 beta and polyclonal rabbit antisera raised against recombinant human IL-1 beta, a competitive inhibition assay is described which detects 250 pg/ml of recombinant human IL-1 beta and 500 pg/ml of pI 7 human monocyte IL-1. The assay does not detect human IL-1 alpha, human interleukin-2, human tumor necrosis factor-alpha or human interferon-gamma. Nearly 100% of IL-1 beta added to human serum or urine can be quantitatively recovered. Substances such as fetal calf serum, phytohemagglutinin, opsonized Staphylococcus albus or E. coli endotoxin do not affect the assay. Using this assay, IL-1 beta was measured in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments of stimulated human blood mononuclear cells. These results were unaffected by the presence of substances that interfere with bioassays for IL-1 such as indomethacin or BW 755C, a lipoxygenase inhibitor. These studies establish the usefulness of quantitating immunoreactive human IL-1 beta produced by human blood cells and that which may be present in human body fluids in the presence of other cytokines. PMID- 3498102 TI - [New concepts of Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 3498101 TI - Age-associated changes in proliferative and differentiative response of human B cells and production of T cell-derived factors regulating B cell functions. AB - The abilities of highly purified B cells to repeat replication for clonal expansion and to differentiate into immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) were examined in the aged and young groups. B cells from the aged showed twofold less proliferative response to B cell mitogen Cowan 1 (SAC) than those from the young. The original clone size of SAC responding B cells determined by colchicine block and [3H] thymidine [( 3H] TdR) uptake was not significantly reduced in the aged whereas the ability to repeat replication to expand clonal size was significantly reduced. B cells from aged and young persons were induced into ISC by combined stimulation with SAC and partially purified B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) free of IL-2 activity. ISCs for IgG and IgA were rather increased or at least not reduced in number in the aged as compared with those in the young. We also determined the IL-2 and BCDF activity produced by T cells from aged and young persons. Upon PHA stimulation, the aged T cells produced tenfold less IL-2 activity and threefold higher BCDF activity than did young T cells. Approximately threefold increase in spontaneous secretion of BCDF activity by aged T cells was found as compared with young T cells. The inverse correlation between the IL-2 activity and BCDF activity was found when both activities were determined in the same samples. PMID- 3498104 TI - [Cancer therapy with interleukin 2 and activated killer cell--a review]. PMID- 3498103 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation as the presenting form of an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]. PMID- 3498105 TI - Tinnitus suppression. PMID- 3498107 TI - Acute effects of a parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on mouse body temperature. AB - The parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) given in single systemic doses (i.p.) to mice produced marked hyperthermia, and subsequent long-lasting hypothermia. Administration of MPTP or its oxidized product, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, MPP+, via i.c.v. resulted in only hypothermia. In contrast, i.p. MPP+ administration resulted in only hyperthermia. The MPTP-induced hyperthermia (i.p.) was blocked by quaternary derivatives of anti-cholinergic agents, atropine and scopolamine, but not by the tertiary-derivative of atropine. Duration of this hyperthermic effect was potentiated by neostigmine. Pretreatment with 1-deprenyl did not prevent hypothermia, but nomifensine partially or clorgyline completely prevented the effect without preventing MPTP-induced hyperthermia. The thermic effects by MPTP, unlike its neurotoxicity for the nigrostriatal DA system, may not require metabolism to MPP+. These results indicate that peripheral cholinergic functions are responsible for the MPTP-induced hyperthermia, whereas its hypothermic effect may be centrally mediated via dysregulation of the various neuron systems. PMID- 3498106 TI - Neurotransmitter modulation of corticotropin releasing factor secretion into the hypophysial-portal circulation. AB - Secretion of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei into the hypophysial-portal circulation is modulated by a variety of neuronal afferents. Effects of intracerebroventricular acetylcholine (ACH), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and epinephrine (EPI) on immunoreactive (ir) CRF concentration in portal plasma were directly evaluated in urethanized male rats. ACH (0.1-10 nmole) administration was associated with a dose-dependent elevation of portal irCRF which was attenuated by pretreatment with either muscarinic or nicotinic receptor antagonists. GABA (0.1-10 nmole) also caused inhibition of irCRF concentration in the portal plasma which was prevented by bicuculline pretreatment. Finally, EPI (0.1-10 nmole) facilitated irCRF secretion via alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms. These observations provide the first direct information on possible neurotransmitter actions on hypothalamic CRF secretion. PMID- 3498108 TI - Effect of adjuvant-induced arthritis on serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations in the male rat. AB - Male Lewis rats were made arthritic by injecting 1 mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant into their right hind footpad. Arthritic and non-arthritic animals were sacrificed on days 18, 21, 24 or 27 after the injection of the adjuvant. Body weight, left and right hind paw volume, thymus weight, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations were determined on each day. Adjuvant injection resulted in a significant enlargement in the left and right hind paws on days 18 through 27. In contrast, body and thymus weights were reduced significantly in the arthritic rats compared to the non-arthritic animals. Serum concentrations of testosterone were also reduced significantly in arthritic rats on days 18, 21 and 24 after the injection of the adjuvant. However, by day 27 serum testosterone concentrations recovered to near control values. Serum concentrations of LH in the arthritic animals were elevated on days 18 through 27. These results demonstrate that serum testosterone concentrations were reduced in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. The reduction in serum testosterone is probably not the result of an impaired hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 3498109 TI - [The 1st steps with functional electric stimulation in a patient with incomplete spinal cord injury]. PMID- 3498110 TI - DNA fragmentation in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - DNA isolated from 12 patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T ALL), analysed by gel electrophoresis exhibited a degradation pattern of increasing nucleosome repeat size, similar to that observed when nuclei from normal control cells are incubated with micrococcal nuclease. None of a group of adult T-ALL showed this fragmentation, nor was the pattern observed in normal control T-cells, cells from patients with a number of other forms of leukaemia, or in B-lymphoblastoid cells under the same incubation conditions. This phenomenon appears to be related to the changes in DNA that occur in glucocorticoid-induced cell death in mouse thymocytes, radiation-damaged spleen cells, and in cytotoxic T-cells deprived of interleukin 2. The method described here promises to be a reliable, simple approach to the characterization of T-ALL in childhood and may aid in the clinical management of this form of leukaemia. PMID- 3498111 TI - Significance of bowel symptoms. PMID- 3498112 TI - Meningitis caused by multiply-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Newcastle. PMID- 3498113 TI - The effect of computed tomography noise and tissue heterogeneity on cerebral blood flow determination by xenon-enhanced computed tomography. AB - The errors associated with derivation of cerebral blood flow values by the xenon enhanced computed tomography (CT) method have been evaluated as a function of tissue heterogeneity and CT noise. The results of this study indicate that CT noise introduces large errors in the derived flow value when data for a single, unprocessed voxel are used for this purpose. CT noise increases the derived flow values in a systematic way. Tissue heterogeneity results in a systematic error which lowers the derived flow values. Errors due to both parameters are computed for typical and extreme conditions. PMID- 3498114 TI - [Bronchoscopic detection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 3498115 TI - Serum levels of bone Gla-protein in normal humans and in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Levels of serum bone Gla-protein (BGP) were evaluated in 372 normal Japanese subjects (164 males, 208 females), ranging in age from 14 to 87 years, and in 194 patients with chronic renal failure, 181 of whom were on maintenance hemodialysis. The age-dependent serum BGP levels (mean +/- SD) determined by radioimmunoassay in normal subjects under 20 years old were 27.1 +/- 20.5 ng/ml, and 10.2 +/- 5.8 ng/ml in older subjects. Mean serum BGP increased significantly in patients with hemodialysis (35.1 +/- 24.3 ng/ml) and in patients with nonhemodialysis chronic renal failure (20.6 +/- 14.2 ng/ml). The mean BGP levels showed a trend toward higher values in the younger renal failure patients. However, the difference to the values of older patients did not reach a level of statistical significance. There was a significant (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001) positive correlation between serum BGP and serum creatinine for the nonhemodialysis group alone, but not for hemodialysis patients alone. A correlation was also observed between serum BGP and serum C-PTH in hemodialysis patients. Our results suggest that the serum BGP elevation in patients with chronic renal failure probably reflects not only decreased renal clearance but also increased bone formation. PMID- 3498116 TI - [Langerhans cells and their significance in inflammatory processes]. PMID- 3498117 TI - [On the lymphatics of the cardia--with special reference to the study of using endoscopic lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT]. AB - Endoscopic lymphoscintigraphy was performed on 29 patients. In 15 of 29 cases, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) was performed to observe the lymphatics of the cardia. The rate of detection of paraaortic lymph nodes by SPECT was 66.6%, and in particular the paraaortic lymph nodes in the upper portion of the left renal vein were detected at a rate of 58.3%. The ascending lymph flow from the cardia to the mediastinum could be depicted by SPECT. The SPECT images and the distribution of accumulation of Tc-99m Rhenium colloid into the regional lymph nodes indicated a similar tendency to the actual metastatic rate of carcinoma of the cardia. Endoscopic lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT is considered to be useful for imaging the lymph flow from the cardia to the regional lymph nodes. On the other hand, the conventional planar image was poor in depicting lymph nodes, and was impossible in dynamic analysis. In the early stage of carcinoma of the cardia, if the area limited, proximal gastrectomy seems reasonable, but in progressive and deepseated cancer, it is suggested that it is necessary to remove the lymph nodes in a wide area, including the paraaortic lymph nodes, in addition to performing total gastrectomy. PMID- 3498119 TI - Hairy-cell leukemia. PMID- 3498118 TI - Enhancement of biotinidase activity in mouse serum by inhibitors of methylation. AB - DL-ethionine increases the activity of liver biotinidase, an enzyme which hydrolyzes biotinylesters and biotinylpeptides. Chronic DL-ethionine feeding increases transiently the activity of biotinidase in mouse and rat liver, after which it remains elevated in the serum. In the present work we show that both isomers of DL-ethionine are equally good enhancers of the liver biotinidase, while, 3-ethylthiopropionate, the toxic metabolite of DL-ethionine, has no effect on the biotinidase activity of either liver or serum. We have also employed two different combinations of inhibitors of the hydrolytic pathway of SAH, a transmethylation product and potent inhibitor of methylation. It was found that these inhibitors (EHNA and Ara-A, 2-deoxycoformycin and adenosine) increase the activity of serum biotinidase as was the case with ethionine. Because SAH does not ethylate biomolecules, these changes in biotinidase activity, which can not be prevented by adenine, biotin or lecithin are most probably related to the inhibition of methylation. PMID- 3498120 TI - Treatment of cancer with lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2. PMID- 3498121 TI - The role of clonal selection and somatic mutation in autoimmunity. AB - Polyclonal activation has been proposed as the reason that autoantibodies are produced during autoimmune disease. This model denies a role for specific antigen selection of B cells and predicts instead a multiclonal population of unmutated or randomly mutated autoantibodies. We have found that the genetic features and clonal composition of spontaneously derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) antiself-IgG (rheumatoid factor (RF] autoantibodies derived from the autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse strain are inconsistent with both the predictions of this model and the actual outcome of experimental polyclonal activation. Instead we have found that MRL/lpr RFs are oligoclonal or even monoclonal in origin. They harbour numerous somatic mutations which are distributed in a way that suggests immunoglobulin-receptor dependent selection of these mutations. In this sense, the MRL/lpr RFs resemble antibodies elicited by exogenous antigens after secondary immunization. The parallels suggest that, like secondary immune responses, antigen stimulation is important in the generation of MRL/lpr RFs. PMID- 3498122 TI - Requirement for intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase in the immediate and late actions of the EGF receptor. AB - The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein of relative molecular mass 170,000 with intrinsic ligand-dependent protein tyrosine kinase activity. Binding of EGF to its receptor activates a number of immediate biochemical processes, such as alterations of intracellular free calcium, pH, and increased transcription of several responsive genes, which usually culminate many hours later in DNA replication and cell division. Abolishing the tyrosine kinase activity of three related oncogenes, v-src, v-mos, and v-fps, eliminates their capacity to transform cell. Several reports have suggested that specific aspects of EGF receptor function are independent of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity; however, these studies used an antibody against EGF receptor which failed to activate phosphorylation of exogenous substrates and an insertional mutation in the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase domain which had not been shown to abolish protein kinase activity in cells. Because many transmembrane receptors interact with intrinsic membrane proteins to activate second messenger systems, it is important to resolve experimentally whether mechanisms, in addition to activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, mediate some EGF actions. From functional analyses of an EGF receptor containing a single amino-acid mutation at a site required for phosphate transfer from ATP, we conclude that the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor is essential for the diverse biochemical effects of EGF, including rapid alterations in intracellular calcium, activation of gene transcription, receptor down-regulation and the ultimate stimulatory effects on cell proliferation. PMID- 3498123 TI - Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA. AB - E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells; it is also called uvomorulin, L CAM (ref. 3), cell-CAM 120/80 (ref.4) or Arc-1 (ref. 5). Because blocking the action of E-cadherin by monoclonal antibodies causes dispersion of compact cell colonies, this molecule is thought to be an important factor for maintenance of multicellular systems. To demonstrate directly that E-cadherin is involved in cell-cell adhesion, we cloned full-length cDNA encoding E-cadherin from F9 cells and introduced it into L fibroblasts deficient in E-cadherin. These L cells acquire strong Ca2+-dependent aggregating activity by expressing the E-cadherin derived from the introduced cDNA and were morphologically transformed so as to form colonies in which cells were tightly connected to each other. PMID- 3498124 TI - The four alcoholisms: a developmental account of the etiologic process. PMID- 3498125 TI - [Presentation of selected studies on the disease picture of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3498126 TI - Case report of IgA nephropathy associated with ankylosing spondylitis and HLA B27. PMID- 3498127 TI - Positron emission tomography studies of normal aging: a replication of PET III and 18-FDG using PET VI and 11-CDG. AB - Using PET VI and 11-CDG we replicated our earlier PET III and 18-FDG normal aging findings. Examination of young and old normal volunteers revealed the absence of any absolute regional age-related changes in glucose utilization. For the combined sample (N = 81) we did find evidence to suggest a relative hypofrontal change with increasing age. A strong relationship between age and ventricular size (CT) was also found. These findings suggest the preserved glucose metabolism of the resting aging brain in the presence of structural atrophic changes. PMID- 3498128 TI - Calcium and the aging immune system. AB - Changes in transmembrane Ca2+ flux may be responsible for age-associated decline in cell-mediated immune function. PMID- 3498129 TI - Retinal transplants into the anterior chamber of the rat eye. AB - Developing retinas from 13-18-day fetuses and 2-day neonatal Long-Evans rats transplanted into the anterior chamber of adult eyes of the same or different strain (Lewis) survive and differentiate. Light and electron microscopic studies show that the transplants undergo histogenetic differentiation, resulting in the development of neurons and Muller glial cells and formation of nuclear and plexiform layers. Vascular connections develop between the host iris and the retinal transplant. Vessels and nerves, presumably of iridal origin, were seen on the surface of some transplants. Possible manifestations of graft rejection were monitored; signs of tissue rejection in transplants performed in the Long-Evans rats, an outbred strain, were rare and if present they were mild, at least during the survival periods of up to 91 days allowed in these experiments. Transplants into the eyes of Lewis rats were also well tolerated during the survival period. These observations indicate that retinal transplantation to the adult eye of a genetically different host can be successfully achieved and that both embryonic and perinatal retinas are suitable as donor tissue for ocular transplants. The procedure offers ample opportunities for the study of problems related to retinal plasticity. PMID- 3498130 TI - Infantile herpes zoster ophthalmicus and acute hemiparesis following intrauterine chickenpox. AB - A 17-month-old boy developed herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and delayed contralateral hemiparesis following intrauterine varicella exposure. CT demonstrated multiple areas of hypodensity in the left basal ganglia, and angiography showed occlusion of left lenticulostriate arteries. As in most adults with HZO and delayed hemiparesis, this infant had a self-limiting course with excellent recovery. PMID- 3498131 TI - [Role of emergency endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3498132 TI - Intracerebral MPTP injections in the rat cause cell loss in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe. AB - A retrograde tracer was combined with intracerebral injections of high doses of 1 methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to examine its neurotoxic effects on rat midbrain structures projecting to the striatum. MPTP injections into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) caused a huge cell loss in both regions. Furthermore, since MPTP infusions into the medial forebrain bundle produced destruction of dorsal raphe neurons (presumably serotonergic), as well as of dopaminergic SNc/VTA neurons, its neurotoxic effects in the rat are 'relatively non-selective' rather than 'relatively selective'. PMID- 3498133 TI - Difference in monoamine oxidase B activity between C57 black and albino NMRI mouse strains may explain differential effects of the neurotoxin MPTP. AB - Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is the key enzyme in the conversion of 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) to N-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) which causes degeneration of dopaminergic nigral neurons. Using a histochemical tetrazolium method for MAO-B with tyramine as substrate and chlorgyline for the inhibition of MAO-A, black C57 mice were found to have a higher brain MAO-B activity than similar aged albino NMRI mice. The difference, which was in general density rather than distribution, included the basal ganglia and the substantia nigra. The higher activity in C57 mice may explain differences in the susceptibility to MPTP. PMID- 3498134 TI - Reformation of specific synaptic connections by regenerating sensory axons in the spinal cord of the bullfrog. AB - The regrowth of sensory axons into the spinal cord of juvenile bullfrogs was studied after disruption of these fibers in the dorsal root. Within 9 d after the root had been frozen, regenerating sensory axons had reached the spinal cord, as revealed by labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Growth into the spinal cord, however, was much slower. Even several months after denervation, very few fibers had reestablished any of their normal longitudinal projections within the dorsal funiculus. Eventually, however, sensory axons grew across the region and into the dorsal horn. Intracellular recordings from motoneurons revealed that these axons made functional reconnections with spinal neurons. Muscle sensory axons established direct, monosynaptic inputs to motoneurons, whereas cutaneous fibers innervated these neurons polysynaptically. Moreover, sensory afferents from a particular muscle distinguished among different classes of motoneurons, just as in normal frogs. Thus, specific synaptic pathways can be reestablished by regenerating sensory axons if they can reach their appropriate target region within the spinal cord. PMID- 3498135 TI - Specificity of neuromuscular connections during early development and following regeneration of motor axons in the bullfrog. AB - The specificity of neuromuscular connectivity was examined in unoperated bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles and in tadpoles that had undergone transection of the three ventral roots that normally innervate the hindlimb. The specificity of motoneuron projections was assessed by applying small amounts of horseradish peroxidase to circumcribed hindlimb regions and mapping the locations of retrogradely labeled motoneurons within the lumbar lateral motor column (LMC). In unoperated tadpoles, the locations of retrogradely labeled motoneurons in the LMC were as circumscribed at early stages of development as in tadpoles examined after motoneuron number in the LMC had stabilized. Six to eight weeks after ventral root transection in young tadpoles, localization of retrogradely labeled motoneurons was almost as circumscribed as found in unoperated tadpoles. However, localization following regeneration became less precise in more advanced tadpoles. If the ventral roots of adult frogs were crushed rather than transected, motor axon regeneration was considerably more precise, confirming previous reports (Westerfield and Powell, 1983). The implications of these results for hypotheses of neuromuscular specificity are discussed. PMID- 3498136 TI - Diabetes insipidus: a postpartum complication. AB - Sheehan's syndrome and diabetes insipidus were diagnosed in a 31-year-old woman seven months after postpartum bleeding with a short duration of hypotension. The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus was established by the inability to concentrate urine during water deprivation and the marked increase in urinary osmolality after administration of 1-Desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP). Obstetricians should be aware of diabetes insipidus as a postpartum complication. PMID- 3498137 TI - Neurologic symptoms and hysterectomy: a retrospective survey of the prevalence of hysterectomy in neurologic patients. AB - Eleven percent of the 272 women aged 25-45 years admitted consecutively to a neurologic department in 1980-1984 had undergone hysterectomy. The population was divided into two groups according to the discharge diagnoses. Among women with discharge diagnoses usually associated with no objective neurologic findings, the frequency of hysterectomy was 14%, compared with 5.4% in women discharged with diagnoses indicating organic neurologic disease. Gynecologic and psychiatric admissions were more frequent in the former than in the latter group. Of the 30 hysterectomized women, only six had had malignant or premalignant changes in the uterus, whereas in 22 cases the removed organs had been normal. These results suggest that a somatization disorder might have been the underlying cause for the hysterectomy as well as for the symptoms and complaints leading to referral to the neurologic service. Awareness of this problem is important in order to avoid unjustified surgery. PMID- 3498138 TI - Pasteurella multocida endophthalmitis after a cat bite. AB - We treated a patient with Pasteurella multocida endophthalmitis associated with a retinal detachment resulting from a cat bite. To our knowledge, endophthalmitis from an animal bite has not been described previously. Organisms were directly inoculated from a perforated wound through the globe. The patient was vigorously treated with intensive systemic antimicrobial chemotherapy and pars plana vitrectomy. The inflammation subsided after repeated vitrectomies. A subsequent retinal detachment was treated with fluid-gas exchange and 360 scleral buckling with a silicone implant. Eight months after surgery the visual acuity was 40/200. PMID- 3498139 TI - Inhibition of pseudophakic endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. AB - A clear lens extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) was performed in one eye of each of 20 rabbits. An intracameral injection of 50,000 organisms of gentamicin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was given before completion of the surgical procedure. At the completion of surgery, a subconjunctival injection of either gentamicin (20 mg) or gentamicin vehicle was administered randomly, in a masked fashion, to the operative eye. Rabbits were observed daily for signs of endophthalmitis. Vitreous taps were performed on all operative eyes. Ninety percent (p = .001) of control eyes became clinically infected and 80% (p = .007) of control eyes grew S. aureus from their vitreous aspirate. None of the gentamicin-treated eyes became clinically or microbiologically infected with S. aureus. PMID- 3498140 TI - Association of varicella zoster dermatitis with acute retinal necrosis syndrome. AB - The authors report seven patients in whom the acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome developed shortly after cutaneous varicella zoster infection. The length of time between the skin infection and ARN varied from 5 days to 3 months. Both eyes were affected in one of seven cases. The ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V ipsilateral to an affected eye was involved by the zoster dermatitis in only two of the seven cases. The association lends further support to the proposal that herpes zoster virus is a major cause of ARN. A history of recent zoster dermatitis should be sought in patients with ARN. PMID- 3498141 TI - Associations between clinical disease, circulating antibodies and C1q-binding immune complexes in human onchocerciasis. AB - Onchocerciasis is a disease where often there are high levels of serum antibodies and high parasitic loads. The role of immune complexes in the development of the disease is investigated here by studying non-specific and Onchocerca volvulus specific immune complex levels, as well as the antibody concentrations, in the sera of 372 people living in either Southern (199) or Northern (173) Sudan; sera from Sudanese individuals (31) and Caucasians (21) living outside the onchocerciasis endemic area were also tested. The levels of non-specific immune complexes (NS-IC) in these sera were measured by a solid phase radio-immunoassay and those of O. volvulus-specific immune complexes (OV-IC) by an assay measuring antibody-excess complexes using C1q-coated plates. The concentrations of O. volvulus IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. Immune complex and antibody levels of the serum donors were compared with regard to their clinical status due to onchocerciasis. These clinical changes were classified according to onchocercal lesions related to either the active destruction of microfilariae (acute changes), or the long term tissue alterations (chronic changes). Data was analysed using the Odds Ratio method. A negative association between microfilarial load and immune complex level was found, with the higher levels of OV-IC present in patients with the lower levels of dermal microfilariae (i.e., less than 10 mf/mg). Significant associations between immune complex levels and the severity of onchocercal disease were also found. Levels of OV-IC specific immune complexes were higher in infected individuals carrying dermal onchocercal lesions than in those without such clinical changes; there was no apparent relationship between these levels and the presence of ocular lesions. OV-IC levels varied considerably within each age group and from age to age. A weak positive association was detected between microfilarial load and parasite specific IgG antibody concentration in the sera. On average younger individuals (less than 25 years) had the higher antibody levels with a gradual reduction in mean concentrations with age. The significance of these serological findings in terms of the pathogenesis of onchocerciasis is discussed. PMID- 3498142 TI - Life span of lymphocytes in thymectomized rats. PMID- 3498144 TI - Geophysical variables and behavior: XLI. Regional variation of suicide and homicide rates by different methods. PMID- 3498143 TI - [Giedion syndrome with a 46,XY karyotype in a female subject]. PMID- 3498145 TI - Effects of chloramine-T on charge movement and fraction of open channels in frog nodes of Ranvier. AB - The effects of chloramine-T, a substance which partially and irreversibly inhibits inactivation of the Na current (Wang 1984), on the on and off charge movement (Qon and Qoff) and on the relative position of the Qon-E and F-E curves were studied on voltage clamped frog nodes of Ranvier. The decrease of Qoff with increasing pulse duration which is seen in normal fibres was much less pronounced in chloramine-T-treated fibres, i.e. chloramine-T inhibited charge immobilization. Also, the decrease of the time constant tau off which normally accompanies the decrease of Qoff was absent in chloramine-T-treated fibres. A correlation (r2 = 0.80) between the relative tau off and the relative Qoff was observed in chloramine-T-treated fibres. The voltage dependence of the on charge movement, Qon-E, was compared with the voltage dependence of the fraction of open channels, F-E. In normal fibres, the F-E curve rose very steeply and crossed the normalized Qon-E curve so that F greater than Qon/Qon max for E greater than -40 mV. After chloramine-T treatment, the F-E curve rose less steeply and remained below the normalized Qon-E curve at all potentials. The effect of halazone was similar to that of chloramine-T but weaker. The observations about the Qon-E and F-E curve are compared with the findings on the squid giant axon. PMID- 3498146 TI - Cell membrane potential: a signal to control intracellular pH and transepithelial hydrogen ion secretion in frog kidney. AB - The dependence of intracellular pH (pHi) and transepithelial H+ secretion on the cell membrane potential (Vm) was tested applying pH-sensitive and conventional microelectrodes in giant cells fused from single epithelial cells of the diluting segment and in intact tubules of the frog kidney. An increase of extracellular K+ concentration from 3 to 15 mmol/l decreased Vm from -49 +/- 4 to -29 +/- 1 mV while pHi increased from 7.44 +/- 0.04 to 7.61 +/- 0.06. Addition of 1 mmol/l Ba2+ depolarized Vm from -45 +/- 3 to -32 +/- 2 mV, paralleled by an increase of pHi from 7.46 +/- 0.04 to 7.58 +/- 0.03. Application of 0.05 mmol/l furosemide hyperpolarized Vm from -48 +/- 3 to -53 +/- 3 mV and decreased pHi from 7.47 +/- 0.05 to 7.42 +/- 0.05. In the intact diluting segment of the isolated-perfused frog kidney an increase of peritubular K+ concentration from 3 to 15 mmol/l increased the luminal pH from 7.23 +/- 0.08 to 7.41 +/- 0.08. Addition of Ba2+ to the peritubular perfusate also increased luminal pH from 7.35 +/- 0.07 to 7.46 +/ 0.07. Addition of furosemide decreased luminal pH from 7.32 +/- 0.03 to 7.24 +/- 0.05. We conclude: cell depolarization reduces the driving force for the rheogenic HCO3- exit step across the basolateral cell membrane. HCO3- accumulates in the cytoplasm and pHi increases. An alkaline pHi inactivates the luminal Na+/H+ exchanger. This diminishes transepithelial H+ secretion. Cell hyperpolarization leads to the opposite phenomenon. Thus, pHi serves as signal transducer between cell voltage and Na+/H+ exchange. PMID- 3498147 TI - Evidence for a two-site model of forskolin action in frog urinary bladder. AB - In the present study several aspects of the osmotic water-flow-regulation mechanism in frog urinary bladder were examined, utilizing forskolin either as a direct hydrosmotic agent or in association with vasopressin. It was found that forskolin induces a hydrosmotic effect similar to the one induced by vasopressin. This effect is rapid, reversible and dose-dependent. The half-maximally effective concentration (Ec50FSK) is 1.37 microM forskolin. No additional effect on the osmotic water flow was observed when maximal concentrations of forskolin and vasopressin were given simultaneously. Moreover, forskolin can also markedly potentiate vasopressin-induced hydrosmotic response. This potentiation was maximal with submaximal doses of vasopressin, whereas it disappeared when the hormonal concentration was increased to very high levels. Therefore, forskolin increases vasopressin potency without affecting vasopressin efficacy. The Ec50FSK for the forskolin-induced increase in vasopressin potency was 11 nmol, about two orders of magnitude lower than the Ec50FSK for the direct effect of forskolin on the osmotic water transport. On the whole, our results are compatible with a two site model of forskolin action in frog urinary bladder: a low affinity site (Ec50FSK = 1.37 microM) that mediates the direct action of forskolin on the osmotic water flow and a high affinity site (Ec50FSK = 11 nmol), which mediates the synergic effect of forskolin with the antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 3498148 TI - Purification and DNA binding properties of the blaI gene product, repressor for the beta-lactamase gene, blaP, of Bacillus licheniformis. AB - The location of the repressor gene, blaI, for the beta-lactamase gene blaP of Bacillus licheniformis 749, on the 5' side of blaP, was confirmed by sequencing the bla region of the constitutive mutant 749/C. An amber stop codon, likely to result in a nonfunctional truncated repressor, was found at codon 32 of the 128 codon blaI open reading frame (ORF) located 5' to blaP. In order to study the DNA binding activity of the repressor, the structural gene for blaI, from strain 749, with its ribosome binding site was expressed using a two plasmid T7 RNA polymerase/promotor system (S. Tabor and C. C. Richardson. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82, 1074-1078 (1985). Heat induction of this system in Escherichia coli K38 resulted in the production of BlaI as 5-10% of the soluble cell protein. Repressor protein was then purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and cation exchange chromatography. The sequence of the N-terminal 28 amino acid residues was determined and was as predicted from the DNA. Binding of BlaI to DNA was detected by the slower migration of protein DNA complexes during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. BlaI was shown to selectively bind DNA fragments carrying the promoter regions of blaI and blaP. PMID- 3498150 TI - Development of an animal model using a closed system to study the sensitivity of a radiopharmaceutical for the detection of gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - An experimental animal model using a closed system to study the sensitivity of radiopharmaceuticals for the detection and localization of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding site in a sheep was developed. This model was validated with 99mTc-DTPA. Radioactivity as low as 85.47 +/- 13.32 kBq in a volume of 2.1 +/- 0.14 ml at a bleeding rate of 0.07 ml/min was detected. Simulated intermittent bleeding experiments indicated that at 1 h after injection of 99mTc-DTPA there was still enough circulating radioactivity to bleed into the gut and that it was possible to perform repeat injection of 99mTc-DTPA as early as 2 h after the first injection. PMID- 3498149 TI - 15N labeling of oligodeoxynucleotides for NMR studies of DNA-ligand interactions. AB - The amino protons of 15N-labeled DNA were studied as a possible structural probe in NMR investigations of the interaction of DNA with various ligands. Since the imino protons are located in the center of the double helix, and variations of their chemical shift values are difficult to interpret in terms of structural changes, these probes are not very useful. Instead, amino protons are located in the major or minor groove of the DNA and are often directly involved in the binding of a ligand. For a selective probing 4-15NH2-2'-deoxycytidine and 6-15NH2 2'-deoxyadenosine were obtained by chemical synthesis. The labeled nucleosides were introduced in distinct positions of oligodeoxynucleotides by large-scale DNA synthesis. Direct 15N NMR and 1H-15N multiple quantum NMR were applied to detect the corresponding 15N labels or protons attached to the 15N labels. Chemical shift values for the cytidine and the adenosine amino nitrogen and proton resonances of a symmetric 18 base pair lac operator sequence are reported. PMID- 3498152 TI - Bottled up. PMID- 3498151 TI - Identifying vaginitis in general practice. PMID- 3498153 TI - BP metabolism and the in vivo binding to hepatic DNA of rats fed diets containing menhaden fish oil. AB - It is well established that dietary polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids promote tumorigenesis and support the activity of mixed-function oxidases (MFO), which are responsible for carcinogen activation. This study was undertaken to determine if increased levels of dietary menhaden fish oil (rich in omega-3 fatty acids) would affect in vivo binding of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to rat liver DNA. The effects of dietary menhaden oil on the activities of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes were also studied to determine the possible relationships between the activity of these enzymes and the binding of [3H]BP metabolites to liver DNA. Following a single intraperitoneal injection of [3H]BP, more BP was bound to liver DNA recovered from rats fed diet containing 20% menhaden oil for 11 days at all time intervals tested (16, 24, 48, and 192 hours) than was bound from rats fed 0.5% menhaden oil. The increased binding of [3H]BP to liver DNA of rats fed the high level of menhaden oil may be due, in part, to increases in the MFO responsible for BP activation (as suggested by increased cytochrome P-450 level and total BP hydroxylase activity). The higher concentrations of radioactivity extracted from blood of rats fed 20% menhaden oil diet at the initial time periods (16 and 24 hours) may be a reflection of the greater capacity of the liver to metabolize BP to more water-soluble metabolites. The maximum velocity (Vmax) for ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylase, expressed as nanomoles per milligram protein or per gram liver, was increased three- to fourfold by feeding the high level of menhaden oil. The differences in these enzymatic responses suggest that certain form(s) of cytochrome P-450 are preferentially increased by feeding the omega-3 fatty acids of menhaden oil. PMID- 3498154 TI - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in pneumonology]. PMID- 3498155 TI - [Polyps of the colon and rectum in childhood. Practical importance of endoscopic examination]. AB - The juvenile polyps are usually benign but there is the possibility of adenomatous degeneration. The authors recall their experience about colon endoscopy. Rectal bleeding was the first symptom that request endoscopy. 23 children were investigated. 10 of them presented with one or more polyps in their colon. All were juvenile polyps. In this article is suggested a diagnostic approach and a follow-up. PMID- 3498156 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in the mouse. AB - It is known that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits iodide uptake in the thyroid follicular cells and lowers plasma levels of thyroid hormones upon infusion into sheep and ewes. In this study, the effects of EGF on basal and stimulated thyroid hormone secretion were investigated in the mouse. Mice were pretreated with 125I and thyroxine; the subsequent release of 125I is an estimation of thyroid hormone secretion. It was found that basal radioiodine secretion was not altered by intravenous injection of EGF (5 micrograms/animal). However, the radioiodine secretion stimulated by both TSH (120 microU/animal) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 5 micrograms/animal) were inhibited by EGF (5 micrograms/animal). At a lower dose level (0.5 microgram/animal), EGF had no influence on stimulated radioiodine secretion. In conclusion, EGF inhibits stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in the mouse. PMID- 3498157 TI - Regional vasodilator actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide in conscious SHR. AB - In the present study the regional hemodynamic effects of CGRP were examined in conscious unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were chronically instrumented with miniaturized pulsed Doppler flow probes to allow continuous measurement of renal, mesenteric and hindquarter blood flow. Bolus intravenous injection of CGRP (0.1-5 micrograms/kg) produced a dose-dependent fall in mean arterial pressure (maximal change = -48 +/- 5 mmHg) which was accompanied by a marked tachycardia (maximal change = 143 +/- 16 b/min). Depressor responses to CGRP were sustained for approximately 3-5 min. CGRP markedly reduced regional vascular resistance in all three vascular beds. No regional-selective vasodilator response was observed. These data indicate that CGRP is a potent vasodilator peptide in conscious SHR. The study suggests further that CGRP may contribute to the physiologic regulation of cardiovascular function. PMID- 3498158 TI - Biologic characterization of human bone tumors IX. Occurrence of macrophages. AB - Fifty bone tumors were investigated using immunohistological methods for an assessment of the amount and nature of macrophage infiltration. Polyclonal antibodies against lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were used as markers, besides certain monoclonal antibodies against blood monocytes and mature tissue macrophages. Particularly high macrophage infiltration was found in malignant fibrous histiocytomas, giant cell-containing osteosarcomas, giant cell tumors of bone, and aneurysmal bone cysts. Moderate infiltrates were seen in some highly malignant osteosarcomas, in fibrosarcoma, and in chondroblastoma. A low macrophage content was observed in some osteosarcomas, in Ewing's sarcomas, chordomas, fibrous dysplasias, aggressive fibromatoses, and cartilage tumors. Osteoclast-like giant cells showed distinctly positive reactions with the monoclonal antibody against mature tissue macrophages. In fibrohistiocytic tumors (MFH, giant cell tumor, non-ossifying fibroma) only macrophages gave positive reactions with those antibodies, whereas the reaction of spindle-shaped tumor cells was always negative. These results strongly indicate that the macrophages found in bone tumors (including those of fibrohistiocytic type) result from reactive infiltration. The autochthonous tumor cells are most probably derived from local mesenchymal cells, and are thus cytogenetically unrelated to the infiltrating macrophages. PMID- 3498159 TI - Paraspinal muscle stimulation for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in children. AB - More than 12 years ago, we began to investigate the potential use of electrical stimulation of the paraspinal muscles to control scoliosis in children. Animal experimentation showed that unilateral stimulation of these muscles will cause the spine to grow toward the stimulated side. It was also shown that the stimulation need only be carried on for part of the day. We have developed a treatment for scoliosis based on night-time use of stimulation either with an implantable or surface system. Both single and dual channel systems are available for the treatment of single or double scoliotic curves. Treatment is carried on at night while the child is asleep, and there are no exercises or brace programs associated with it. Approximately 75% of the curves are either improved significantly, or maintained at their starting value. Only about 15% of the curves fail to respond and require a spinal fusion to stabilize them. Patient acceptance and compliance has been excellent. PMID- 3498160 TI - [Differential roentgenodiagnosis of histiocytosis X and disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3498161 TI - Elevated levels of a lymphocyte subset accurately predict the diabetic state in the BB rat. AB - The frequency of Ia antigen bearing W3/13 positive lymphocytes from the blood of 68 bio-breeding (BB) diabetes-prone rats was analyzed with monoclonal antibodies to determine whether elevated levels of these cells could predict which animals would subsequently become hyperglycemic. Selecting a value of greater than or equal to 4.00% as elevated, the sensitivity of this assay in predicting diabetes was 85%, while the specificity was 83%. We believe that elevated levels of Ia antigen bearing W3/13 positive lymphocytes reflect an ongoing immune process and accurately predict the likelihood of developing spontaneous hyperglycemia when obtained from a high risk population. PMID- 3498162 TI - HLA molecule expression on chronic pancreatitis specimens: is there a role for autoimmunity? A preliminary study. AB - This study was prospectively carried out in order to clarify if an aberrant expression of HLA-DR molecules could take part in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic specimens from 12 chronic pancreatitis patients and nine controls were examined. Strong HLA-DR expression was observed in 6/12 chronic pancreatitis patients and in 1/9 controls. Moreover, lymphocytic foci with large numbers of activated cells were found only in chronic pancreatitis. The four HLA DR - patients had a marked increase of fibrous tissue with small portions of acinar tissue, whereas the six patients with strong positivity had the greatest dilatation and hyperplasia of the ducts. These findings are similar to those observed in immune diseases, such as thyroiditis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and suggest that autoimmune phenomena are involved in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3498163 TI - B-cell-stimulatory factor 1 reverses Fc receptor-mediated inhibition of B lymphocyte activation. AB - Intact (IgG class) rabbit anti-immunoglobulin antibodies are not mitogenic for mouse B cells but inhibit proliferation induced by F(ab')2 anti-Fab fragment antibodies (anti-Ig). In addition, cross-linkage of Fc and surface immunoglobulin receptors on B cells by intact anti-Ig inhibits inositol phospholipid breakdown (but not Ca2+ flux) resulting from ligation of antigen receptors. This system, therefore, provides a polyclonal model for B-cell inactivation by antigen antibody complexes. T-cell-derived B-cell-stimulatory factor 1 acts synergistically with submitogenic concentrations of F(ab')2 anti-Ig to induce B cell proliferation. We show here that B-cell-stimulatory factor 1 and intact anti Ig also induce B cells to synthesize DNA. However, B-cell-stimulatory factor 1 does not induce inositol phospholipid breakdown, does not mobilize Ca2+ in B cells, nor does it influence the magnitude of these responses provoked by intact anti-Ig. PMID- 3498165 TI - In vitro transformation of immature hematopoietic cells by the P210 BCR/ABL oncogene product of the Philadelphia chromosome. AB - The Philadelphia chromosome [t(9;22)-(q34;q11)] is the cytogenetic hallmark of human chronic myelogenous leukemia. RNA splicing joins sequences from a gene on chromosome 22 (BCR) across the translocation breakpoint to a portion of the ABL oncogene from chromosome 9, resulting in a chimeric protein (P210) that is an active tyrosine kinase. Although strongly correlated with this specific human neoplasm, and implicated as an oncogene by analogy to the gene product of the Abelson murine leukemia virus, the P210 gene had not been tested directly for oncogenic potential in hematopoietic cells. We have used a retroviral gene transfer system to express P210 in mouse bone marrow cells. When infected bone marrow is plated under conditions for long-term culture of cells of the B lymphoid lineage, cells expressing high amounts of P210 tyrosine kinase dominate the culture and rapidly lead to clonal outgrowths of immature lymphoid cells. Expression of P210 is growth-stimulatory but not sufficient for full oncogenic behavior. Some clonal lines progress toward a fully malignant phenotype as judged by increased cloning efficiency in agar suspension and frequency and rapidity of tumor induction in syngeneic mice. Such in vitro systems should be useful in evaluating the sequential and perhaps synergistic involvement of the P210 gene and other oncogenes as models for the progressive changes observed in human chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 3498164 TI - Posttranscriptional gene regulation and specific binding of the nonhistone protein HMG-I by the 3' untranslated region of bovine interleukin 2 cDNA. AB - The 3' untranslated tail region (3'-UTR) of the cDNA of bovine interleukin 2 (bIL 2) acts as a lymphoid cell-specific gene regulatory element in vivo when ligated to the 3' end of the "marker" bacterial gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and the hybrid fusion gene is introduced into bovine lymphoid cells by transfection. Evidence is also presented that the 3'-UTR with its conserved (TATT)n motif probably has multiple functions in lymphoid cells operating both at the chromosomal level, where the sequence may be involved in the specific binding of the nonhistone chromatin high mobility group protein HMG I, and at the RNA level, where the conserved sequence is involved in selective posttranscriptional mRNA degradation by a lymphocyte-specific nuclease(s). These results suggest a complex in vivo role for the 3'-UTR of bIL-2 cDNA and the conserved (TATT)n sequences found within it. They also offer a plausible explanation for the high degree of conservation of similar A + T-rich sequences in the 3'-UTRs of many of the other immune-response and growth-regulatory genes of mammals. PMID- 3498167 TI - A soluble 61-kDa protein is associated with inhibition of lectin-induced proliferation and IL-2 synthesis. AB - An inhibitor of lectin-induced splenocyte proliferation from serum of normal chickens has been characterized. This suppressive factor, found in both serum and plasma and at concentrations as low as 3%, causes a 50% inhibition in proliferative responses to T-cell lectins of autologous and heterologous lymphoid cells. The inhibitor in serum also dramatically suppresses murine IL-2 synthesis, proliferation of murine spleen cells stimulated with PHA, and synthesis of DNA in xenogeneic-transformed mammalian lymphoblastoid cell lines. Serum does not block binding of the lectin to lymphoid cells and the suppressive activity cannot be overcome by any dose of lectin. The inhibitor of DNA synthesis is destroyed by pepsin. NH4(2)SO4 (50%) and TCA (15%) treatments both precipitate the suppressor factor, which further indicates that the suppressive factor is a protein. A 330 fold purification of the inhibitory protein from serum was obtained when boiled serum was passed over a Sepharose 6B and then a DEAE-Sephacel column which was washed at pH 5.0 and eluted with 0.2 M NaCl. SDS-PAGE with silver staining revealed a nonreduced protein with an apparent molecular weight of 61 kDa. Less than 2 micrograms of the protein thus obtained caused a 50% inhibition in the proliferation of chicken lymphoid cells to Con A. The inhibitor of DNA synthesis is therefore not cytotoxic, does not bind to Con A or to mannose or glucose residues on lymphocytes, is acid and heat stable, and is associated with a protein that has a molecular weight of 61 kDa. Since such low concentrations of this naturally occurring, proteinaceous, immunosuppressive factor cause substantial inhibition of IL-2 synthesis and proliferative activity of T cells, this protein may be a very important immunomodulator. PMID- 3498166 TI - Characterization of a purified nicotinic receptor from rat brain by using idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - The availability of an anti-nicotine monoclonal antibody has made it possible to further establish the nature of the nicotine recognition proteins purified from rat brain by affinity chromatography and to provide a highly sensitive assay for determining [3H]nicotine binding to the purified material. An enantiomeric analogue of nicotine, (-)-6-hydroxymethyl-nicotine, was used to prepare the affinity column. In addition, with the use of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody, it was confirmed that the recognition site for nicotine resides on a protein complex composed of two components with molecular masses of 62 and 57 kDa. It was also demonstrated that the same two proteins could be purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with the use of an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody. With the use of the anti-nicotine antibody to measure [3H]nicotine binding, the purified material was shown to bind 250 pmol/mg of protein. By utilizing a procedure in which the purified receptor protein was conjugated to membranes by disulfide bonds, a binding activity of 80 pmol/mg was obtained. With the availability of stereospecific monoclonal antibodies to (-)-nicotine as well as monoclonal anti idiotypic antibodies derived when the anti-nicotine antibodies were used as immunogens, additional procedures became available for the further characterization of the purified nicotine receptor and examining its (-) [3H]nicotine-binding characteristics. PMID- 3498169 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of corticotropin releasing factor: I. Efficacy studies. PMID- 3498168 TI - 24,25(OH)2D3 attenuates the calcemic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in rats with reduced renal mass. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 on serum calcium concentration in rats with reduced renal mass. Adult 5/6 nephrectomized male rats were divided into four groups: (i) control rats, (ii) rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3, (iii) rats treated with 24,25(OH)2D3, and (iv) rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. After 4 days, serum calcium in the 1,25(OH)2D3 treated group was 7.13 +/- 0.32 meq/liter (P less than 0.001 vs control). With the combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 serum calcium was higher than that in control, 6.25 +/- 0.5 meq/liter (P less than 0.001 vs control), but lower than that in rats receiving 1,25(OH)2D3 alone (P less than 0.05). No change in serum calcium was seen in animals treated with 24,25(OH)2D3 alone. On the eighth day serum calcium in the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated group, 6.52 +/- 0.25, was higher than in the 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3 group, 5.87 +/- 0.17 meq/liter, P less than 0.05, P less than 0.001 vs control. In both 1,25(OH)2D3- and 1,25(OH)2D3 + 24,25(OH)2D3-treated rats, hypercalciuria of similar magnitude occurred on the fourth and eighth day of treatment. No change in urinary calcium was seen in the control and 24,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. Thus, in 5/6 nephrectomized rats combined administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 attenuates the calcemic response to 1,25(OH)2D3 without changes in urinary calcium excretion. These observations suggest that the effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 on serum calcium is different in 5/6 nephrectomized rats as compared to normal rats, in which an augmentation of serum calcium was observed following administration of both vitamin D metabolites. The effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 on serum calcium in rats with reduced renal mass may result from a direct effect of 24,25(OH)2D3 on the bone. PMID- 3498170 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of corticotropin releasing factor: II. Mechanisms of action. PMID- 3498171 TI - The relative resistance of lymphokine activated killer cells to suppression by prostaglandins and glucocorticoids. AB - The possibility that lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells versus spontaneous natural killer (NK) cells show relative resistance to the suppressive effects of the immunoregulatory molecules prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and dexamethasone (DMO) was investigated. LAK cells were produced in vitro by the incubation of human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) for three days in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2). Cytotoxicity of NK and LAK cells were measured by conventional 4 hour Cr51 release assays using K562 and Daudi target cells. LAK cells were relatively resistant to suppression by PGE2. For example, NK cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed by 10(-6) M PGE2. In contrast, LAK cells required a 30 to 100 higher concentration of PGE2 according to the target used to achieve similar suppression. Likewise, a differential resistance to DMO was seen. NK cells were significantly suppressed by 10(-3) M DMO while a 1000 fold higher concentration was needed for similar suppression of LAK cytotoxicity. Overall, the results show that LAK cells are relatively resistant to immunoregulatory suppressive factors. PMID- 3498172 TI - The optimum technique for 201T1 tomography of myocardium: an investigation using phantoms. AB - Rotating gamma-camera tomography is the method of choice for 201Tl perfusion imaging to detect myocardial ischaemia or infarction, but the optimum technique has not previously been investigated. Variables which can affect the utility of the images include acquisition time, collimator sensitivity and resolution, spatial filtering, reconstruction matrix and display parameters. An 'Iowa' design myocardial phantom containing 201Tl, with a defect representing an unperfused area, was used to study the effect of these variables. Results were assessed by measuring image contrast and non-uniformity and by observer grading trials. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and contrast ratios indicated that filtering the acquisition data with a count-dependent (Metz) filter before reconstruction and using a narrow slice width gave best results. No single collimator was superior for all four defect locations investigated but low-energy general purpose and high-resolution collimators were preferred to those with greater sensitivity. Reducing acquisition time by a factor of four compared with that for routine patient imaging affected contrast ratio, uniformity and area under ROC curves insignificantly, provided the optimum reconstruction was used. Displaying tomographic sections in colour gave no improvement in ROC curves over monochrome images. Data acquisition time or administered 201Tl radioactivity might therefore be reduced below the 25 min and 80 MBq often used for patient studies. PMID- 3498173 TI - Historical perspective of causalgia. Management of sympathetically maintained pain. AB - The plethora of terms included in the broad category of sympathetic dystrophies, and causalgia in particular, has made specific disorders, with unique clinical characteristics, very difficult to isolate into discrete clinical entities. Rather, the sympathetic dystrophies currently are regarded as existing along a continuum of varying severity and as having one basic pathophysiological mechanism, with considerable overlap of terms. The purposes of this article are 1) to review the theories of physiological mechanisms of causalgia and other forms of sympathetically maintained pain, 2) to describe their clinical characteristics, and 3) to discuss their physical therapy management. PMID- 3498174 TI - Characterization of the transient species in the 266-nm laser photolysis of adenine and its derivatives. PMID- 3498175 TI - Antipanic drug effects during lactate infusion in lactate-refractory panic patients. AB - In previous articles we have reported on the total Acute Panic Inventory (API) score during lactate-induced panic. Even patients with panic disorder who do not panic during lactate infusion have higher API scores during the infusion than normal controls. In this post hoc analysis, we wished to determine whether specific API items were more sensitive to the beneficial effects of antipanic medication, either at baseline or during the infusion, in these lactate insensitive panic patients. Four of the 17 items showed specific drug blockade of baseline severity. Five additional items showed specific drug blockade of lactate exacerbation of symptom severity. Medication apparently had no effect on severity of the remaining eight items. We suggest that the nine symptoms that responded to drug therapy are associated with hyperventilation. The study indicates that antipanic drugs may have a specific effect in blunting hyperventilation. PMID- 3498176 TI - Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in normal human females versus normal males. AB - Sex-related differences have been reported for some brain neuroanatomical structures and several measures of brain function. We studied the cerebral glucose metabolic rates of normal men (n = 7) and women (n = 7) with positron emission tomography and the fluorodeoxyglucose method. Women were studied between days 5 and 15 of the menstrual cycle. Women had whole brain glucose metabolic rates that were 19% higher than those of men. All neuroanatomical structures surveyed showed significant female greater than male rates, with no particular regions being outstanding. The higher cerebral glucose metabolic rates we observed in women may have been related to the effects of the high estrogen levels that can obtain in the phase of the menstrual cycle during which we tested our female subjects. PMID- 3498177 TI - Three subtypes of chronic schizophrenia identified using 11C-glucose positron emission tomography. AB - The authors used positron computed tomography (CT) and 11C-labeled glucose to measure brain glucose utilization in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients (18 men, 2 women, mean age 38) and 5 male control subjects (mean age 38). Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed at least three subtypes: hypofrontal (type A), hypoparietal (right-sided disturbance in right-handed and left-sided disturbance in left-handed patients) (type B), and normal (type C). The significant count reduction in the frontal lobe (Brodmann's area 10) in type A patients was 38%, while that in the parietal lobe (Brodmann's area 40) in type B patients was 26% in each lobe of the brain. PMID- 3498178 TI - Combined measure of smooth pursuit eye movements and ventricle-brain ratio in schizophrenic disorders. AB - Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) were examined in 67 schizophrenic patients and 101 control subjects. Our study confirms that eye tracking in schizophrenic patients is impaired compared to that in controls. The similar pattern of distribution of SPEM abnormalities in Italian patients as in ethnically different populations strengthens the hypothesis that these abnormalities may be a biological marker for schizophrenia. We also examined the relationship between SPEM abnormalities and the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR), which is also considered useful for differentiating schizophrenic subgroups. Our preliminary results indicate that there is an inverse correlation between abnormal SPEM performance and ventricular enlargement, suggesting that these abnormalities mark distinct subgroups of patients. PMID- 3498179 TI - T lymphocyte polyclonal proliferation and stress response style. PMID- 3498180 TI - Prevalence of agoraphobia: some confirmatory data. PMID- 3498181 TI - The osteodystrophy of hypervitaminosis D: a metabolic study. AB - A patient received 2.5 mg vitamin D2 daily for 10 years and presented with increasing skeletal pain and hypercalcaemia. The limbs were painful to touch especially at the insertions of ligaments and tendons, and radiographs showed osteosclerosis with calcification in the periosteum, blood vessels, tendoachilles and plantar fascia. Bone histomorphometry showed increased amounts of osteoid and defective mineralisation despite hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and raised serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. A negative external calcium balance was documented in the presence of enhanced intestinal calcium absorption and an increase in urinary hydroxyproline excretion. Cortisone improved calcium balance and corrected the hypercalcaemia by reducing serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and urinary hydroxyproline excretion. PMID- 3498182 TI - Immunological abnormalities in asymptomatic homosexual men: correlation with antibody to HTLV-III and sequential changes over two years. AB - A prospective study on 100 homosexual male volunteers was designed to examine immunological function in relation to sexual activity and infection with the human T cell lymphotropic virus Type III (HTLV-III). Complete data were available for 71 men. In a comparison with 100 age-matched heterosexual men, the study group of 100 men had a significantly higher mean serum IgG level (12.1 +/- SD 2.7 g/l vs. 10.9 +/- 2.4 g/l, p less than 0.01) and a significantly lower mean number of CD4 (T4) cells (845 +/- 310 X 10(-6)/l vs. 1128 +/- 375; p less than 0.01). For the study group, seropositivity for anti-HTLV-III was present initially in 22 per cent and was associated with a higher mean level of serum IgG and lower mean number of CD4 cells. Among seropositive homosexual men a low CD4/8 ratio was attributable to low numbers of CD4 cells in those without lymphadenopathy and to high numbers of CD8 cells in those with lymphadenopathy. For the seronegative homosexual men, a low CD4/8 ratio as a result of an increased CD8 cell count was present in 12 of 60, and was associated with numerous sexual partners and semen culture positive for cytomegalovirus. In two seropositive subjects a low CD4/8 ratio due to a decrease in the CD4 cell count was predictive of the development of AIDS by some two years. For the 71 men with complete data over two years, indices of cell-mediated immunity, including mean counts of CD4 cells, the CD4/8 ratio, and score for recall of cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity increased during the first year but not during the second year in both seropositive and seronegative subjects. These increases occurred in association with changes in sexual practices and activity, but could not be attributed to any one particular factor. PMID- 3498183 TI - Congestive cardiomyopathy in association with AIDS. AB - During a 10-month period in 1985 and 1986, three cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a rapidly progressive fatal cardiomyopathy were encountered. All three patients originally presented with common opportunistic infections and later experienced marked congestive heart failure associated with echocardiographic and radiologic findings consistent with four chamber cardiomyopathy. Diffuse cardiomyopathy was confirmed postmortem, but in each case a specific cause was not found. PMID- 3498184 TI - Changes in cerebral perfusion after acute head injury: comparison of CT with Tc 99m HM-PAO SPECT. AB - Technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (Tc-99m HM-PAO) was successfully used with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on fourteen comatose patients who had acute head injuries. The SPECT scans were correlated with computed tomography (CT) scans obtained within 24 hours of the injury. Tc-99m HM PAO SPECT was shown to have the following advantages: It reflected perfusion changes, was more sensitive than CT in demonstrating more lesions, and demonstrated lesions at an earlier stage than those demonstrated with CT. Different types of lesions, as evidenced by cerebral perfusion changes, have been described and categorized. The lesions that had a favorable prognosis could be separated from those with an unfavorable prognosis on the basis of the findings of Tc-99m HM-PAO SPECT. PMID- 3498185 TI - Behavioral influences on the immune system: stress and conditioning. AB - Several investigators have demonstrated that immune responses may be subject to classical conditioning processes. Conditioning effects in both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses have been reported. Strong evidence for behavioral effects on immune responses has been provided by studies of stress-induced immunosuppression. Stressors may increase morbidity due to infectious agents, depress antibody responses, inhibit lymphocyte reactions, and attenuate several other cell-mediated immune functions. In our studies, acute inescapable footshock inhibited natural killer cell (NK) activity in CD-1 and C57BL/6J mice, but not in DBA/2J mice. Genetic factors play a role in the immunological responses to stress. In contrast to the effects of acute stress, NK activity of mice exposed to chronic inescapable footshock was not reduced from control levels. Adaptive processes may be invoked during repeated stress exposure, thereby limiting the potentially damaging effects of the stressor. PMID- 3498186 TI - Applications of PET in the brain. PMID- 3498187 TI - The effects of dark adaptation on pursuit tracking dysfunction in psychotics with impaired vestibular suppression. AB - Smooth pursuit eye tracking performance, evaluated by electronic processing and subjective ratings, was assessed in actively psychotic psychiatric patients and normal controls under conditions of light and dark adaptation and was related to subjects' ability to suppress vestibular nystagmus induced by caloric irrigation. Patients' tracking performance was significantly inferior during the light adapted condition on all tracking measures. Dark-adaptation eliminated group differences based on electronic analyses, but subjective ratings--which showed a variable relationship to the other tracking measures--did not reflect this improvement. Vestibular nystagmus suppression was significantly impaired in patients relative to controls and this impairment, coupled with smooth pursuit dysfunction and marked improvement in tracking performance during dark adaptation, suggests that cerebellar dysfunction contributes significantly to tracking dysfunction in psychotic patients. PMID- 3498188 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist blocks stress-induced fighting in rats. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been shown to have potent central nervous system-activating effects when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). In the present experiment, this activating effect was exaggerated by use of a stress-motivated behavioral paradigm. Low doses of CRF (0.01 and 0.1 micrograms/rat) administered i.c.v. facilitated stress-induced fighting. More importantly, alpha-helical CRF-(9-41), a CRF antagonist, blocked stress-induced fighting produced by higher levels of stress. These results suggest that CRF in the central nervous system may have a role in mediating behavioral responses to stress. PMID- 3498189 TI - A comparison of structure-activity relationships within alpha-MSH on melanophores of Anolis carolinensis and Rana pipiens. AB - We have compared the structure-function relationship of the tridecapeptide alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) on the melanophores of the lizard Anolis carolinensis and the frog Rana pipiens by determining the melanosome dispersing potency of 15 shorter peptide sequences and 8 substituted alpha-MSH analogues. Major differences were found between the lizard and the frog in their response to alpha-MSH peptide fragments and analogues. In Anolis, the sequence Ser-Tyr-Ser- is not as important for the pigmentary response as in Rana since alpha-MSH-(4-13) was nearly as potent (89%) as alpha-MSH-(1-13) (100%), whereas in Rana alpha-MSH-(4-13) potency was reduced to 7.5%. In addition, loss of potency due to removal of residues Pro and Val was more marked in Rana (alpha-MSH (1-11) = 0.1%) than in Anolis (alpha-MSH-(1-11) = 1%), suggesting that this C terminal sequence is necessary for pigmentary activity in the frog melanophore. These results together with those of other peptide fragments and analogues have led us to define the minimal pigmentary sequence of alpha-MSH as alpha-MSH-(4-12) in Anolis in contrast to alpha-MSH-(1-13) in Rana. This suggests that Anolis and Rana alpha-MSH receptors recognise different message amino acids of the alpha-MSH peptide sequence even though the final response (melanosome dispersion) is the same. PMID- 3498190 TI - [Diagnostic importance of the mouse erythrocyte receptor in lymphoproliferative syndromes]. PMID- 3498191 TI - [Fulguration of auriculoventricular conduction in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias]. PMID- 3498193 TI - [Ectopic pancreas as a cause of digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3498192 TI - [Arrhythmias induced by fulguration on the bundle of His in the heart of the dog. An experimental study]. PMID- 3498194 TI - T cell mediated and humoral immunity in a mouse Chlamydia psittaci systemic infection. AB - Immunity against Chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular parasite, was studied in a mouse model of systemic infection. Sera (0.1 ml) and splenic cells (2 X 10(8)) from immunised mice were given intravenously to susceptible mice 16 hours before intravenous challenge with 1 X 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) of virulent strain AB7. Transfer of immune cells primed with virulent strain AB7 or vaccinal strain 1B, lowered splenic and hepatic colonisation by approximately 5.5 log pfu. Treatment of immune cells with antithymocyte serum plus complement, before transfer, abrogated the protection. Transfer of sera raised against the virulent strain AB7, or the attenuated vaccinal strain 1B, lowered hepatic colonisation by approximately 1.5 log pfu. Sera containing antigenus antibodies, raised against heat-killed chlamydiae from strain AB7 or the non-virulent intestinal strain iB1, were not protective. Cellular immunity is mainly responsible for the observed protection, although humoral immunity may play some role. PMID- 3498195 TI - Cryptococcal chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis. AB - The diagnosis of endogenous ophthalmic fungal infection may be difficult. A patient initially presented with hydrocephalus and later developed a progressive bilateral intraocular inflammation unresponsive to corticosteroids or antituberculous therapy. Further evaluation with vitreous biopsy study and lumbar puncture led to the diagnosis of cryptococcal chorioretinitis, endophthalmitis, and meningitis. Initial treatment with intravenous amphotericin failed to control the intraocular infections. Vitrectomy and intravitreal injections of amphotericin combined with the systemic intravenous amphotericin halted progression of the intraocular disease. This case demonstrates the difficulty in making the diagnosis of an endogenous fungal endophthalmitis and the value of diagnostic vitreous biopsy study in cases of increasing intraocular inflammation unresponsive to medical therapy. It also suggests the usefulness of vitrectomy combined with intravitreal amphotericin in cases of fungal endophthalmitis that are unresponsive to systemic antifungal agents. PMID- 3498196 TI - Retinal toxicity of ganciclovir in vitrectomy infusion solution. AB - The authors investigated the retinal toxicity of the antiviral agent ganciclovir after its addition to vitrectomy infusion fluid in rabbit eyes. Intravitreal infusion of the drug in concentrations up to 30 micrograms/ml produced no electroretinographic or histologic changes suggestive of retinal toxicity. Ganciclovir in vitrectomy infusion fluid has potential therapeutic benefit in viral retinitis (particularly in cytomegalovirus retinitis) associated with vitreous traction or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Based on the median inhibitory doses of ganciclovir against various herpes group viruses and the results of this study, a concentration of 30 micrograms/ml or less of the drug is recommended for vitrectomy infusion solution. PMID- 3498198 TI - [Effect of heat on Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 3498197 TI - Mitogen induced LIF-production in T-lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 3498199 TI - [Programmed electric stimulation. A new method for anti-arrhythmia management of malignant ventricular arrhythmias]. PMID- 3498200 TI - [Data of broncho-alveolar lavage and pulmonary histiocytosis X]. AB - The data obtained from broncho-alveolar lavage in 12 cases of pulmonary histiocytosis X explored between 1978 and 1986 are reported. The usefulness of this simple and reliable examination to the diagnosis and follow-up is emphasized. The diagnosis, suggested by radiography of the chest, may be suspected on cytological findings of hypercellularity, macrophage alveolitis and eosinophilia. The occurrence of neutrophilic hypergranulocytosis indicates an unfavourable course towards fibrosis. An increase of cells marked with monoclonal OKT6 antibodies (70% of the cases in this series) contributes to the diagnosis of histiocytosis X and is a good indicator of granuloma activity during the follow up period. Electron microscopy of the alveolar fluid often confirms the diagnosis by showing the specific organelle: the X granule (60% of the cases in this series), thus avoiding exploratory thoracotomy in many patients. PMID- 3498201 TI - [Asplenia and infection]. PMID- 3498202 TI - Single dose therapy of acute urinary tract infection in women using trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole: experience in a prepaid internal medicine group practice. PMID- 3498203 TI - Identification of factors interacting with a subset of T8+ cells. AB - In a previously work we have reported that T8+ lymphocytes decrease can be obtained by incubation of lymphocytes from normal blood donors with serum taken from patients in the acute phase of the disease. In this paper is described a partial characterization of the masking serum factor present in the acute phase of the disease. It displays a m.w. of approximately 640,000 d and its effect disappears either after heating 60 min. at 37 degrees C or 30 min. at 56 degrees C, after dialysis against 1M NaCl or lyophilization. Another serum factor, insoluble at 50% ammonium sulphate final saturation, resistant to heating and lyophilization, able to remove (in vitro) the former masking factor from the T8+ cells, is present in the remission phase. PMID- 3498204 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Italy. AB - Retrospective surveys for multiple sclerosis (MS) carried out up to 1975 in Italy recorded prevalence rates between 5 and 25 cases per 100,000, according to the concept that the Mediterranean latitudes fall into the medium risk zone for MS. In contrast, most studies carried out in Italy from 1975 onwards have recorded prevalences higher than 30, suggesting that most Italian regions are now of high rather than medium risk for MS. However, the use of the prevalence for the study of temporal trends is questionable. Thus, it remains uncertain whether high prevalences revealed by recent studies reflect case ascertainment differences over time or represent a true change in the occurrence of MS. Several incidence studies carried out in Sardinia and the preliminary results of a multicenter study on MS incidence in Italy indicate that the high prevalences recently found in different Italian regions cannot be ascribed to an ascertainment artifact, but they reflect a true change in the incidence of the disease over time. PMID- 3498205 TI - A heterologous radioimmunoassay system for human osteocalcin. Applications in performance sports girls. AB - Taking into account the involvement of the measurement of osteocalcin, a protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), in investigating the physiopathology of bone and calcium metabolism, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method useful in human clinics was developed. The reagents for the RIA of human osteocalcin namely, the radioiodination preparation, the reference preparation and the antiserum were obtained starting from bovine bone on account of the structure similarities between bovine and human osteocalcin. The reagents were incubated at 4 degrees C for 48 h followed by the polyethylene-glycol (PEG) separation technique. The sensitivity of the osteocalcin RIA method is 2.0 ng/ml, the intraassay precision is 3-5% and the interassay precision, 8-12% (coeficient of variation). Osteocalcin was measured in the sera of 3 groups of performance sports girls under basal conditions and being of more or less similar ages: rowing girls (n = 10, mean age 16 yr 6 mos), gymnast girls (n = 13, mean age 14 yr 8 mos) and table tennis girls (n = 9, mean age 16 yr). The same samples were used for the measurement of myoglobin. Osteocalcin quantification showed similar levels in the rowing and the table tennis girls, i.e. 11.91 +/- 3.39 ng/ml (X +/- SD) and 9.50 +/- 4.15 ng/ml, respectively. By contrast, in the gymnast girls, the osteocalcin levels were about 4 times higher (44.31 +/- 7.27 ng/ml) than in the other two groups. Myoglobin measurements showed lower levels in the gymnast group, than in the rowing and the table tennis groups, the latter two having similar levels. The multiplicative increase of osteocalcin in the gymnast girls is interpreted and commented in relation to their age and sexual development. PMID- 3498207 TI - On the role of epidermal growth factor in the defence of the gastroduodenal mucosa. PMID- 3498206 TI - Audiological and vestibulo-oculomotor findings in workers exposed to solvents and jet fuel. AB - Three groups of subjects with long-term (5-41 years) occupational exposure to industrial solvents have been evaluated with extensive audiological and vestibular test batteries. Group A comprised 16 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of psycho-organic syndrome (POS), while group B consisted of 7 subjects with suspected POS. Both groups had been exposed to mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic solvents. Eight subjects with long-term exposure to jet fuel constituted group C. In the audiological test battery, discrimination of interrupted speech and evoked cortical potentials in response to frequency glides were the tests that yielded significantly abnormal results. In the vestibular test battery, considerable pathology was seen in electronystagmography, and in addition, visual suppression test and saccade test indicated CNS disturbance. In general, when a test yielded pathological results, the incidence of pathology was highest in group A and lowest in group C. PMID- 3498208 TI - Implantation of cultured thymic fragments in congenitally athymic (nude) rats. Influx of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. AB - We studied the early events in athymic immunoincompetent rats after implantation with cultured thymic fragments (CTF) under the kidney capsule, with special emphasis on the settlement of lymphocytes and non-lymphoid RT1 class II elements. At 2 weeks after grafting, tissue under the kidney capsule comprises strands of keratin-positive epithelial cells from the graft, without immigrant cells. At 3 weeks, the CTF graft is populated with lymphocytes and with non-lymphoid RT1 class II-positive cells expressing the recipient haplotype (allogeneic combinations). Part of these cells bear determinants recognized by an anti-rat dendritic cell antibody. At 4 weeks the graft exhibits a completely restored thymic architecture. At the periphery, the first indications of T-cell competence generated after CTF implantation are observed 6 weeks after implantation. At 18 weeks, the peripheral thymus-dependent immune system is almost completely developed. This includes in vitro alloreactivity, even to the donor RT1 haplotype of the graft. But skin grafts of the allogeneic CTF donor haplotype are not rejected. Thus, a state of in vivo tolerance is induced under the influence of grafted epithelium, which is not due to a specific deletion of alloreactive cells. We conclude that CTF regain their original thymic architecture between 2 and 4 weeks after implantation in (allogeneic) athymic nude recipients, and that only after this restoration does peripheral thymus-dependent immune competence start to develop. PMID- 3498209 TI - In vitro and in vivo stimulation of murine lymphocytes by human respiratory syncytial virus strains. AB - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains of subtype A (A2, WV9894, and WV12138) and of subtype B (WV1293, WV4843, and WV6873) are mitogenic in vitro for unprimed BALB/c spleen cells. The virus also triggered splenocytes in vitro to secrete immunoglobulins. Plaque-purified and UV-irradiated materials of both RSV subtypes produced comparable levels of DNA synthesis. Infectious materials of both subtypes also induced pronounced responses. Lymphocyte activation with UV inactivated RSV strain A2 was dose-dependent and maximal responses occurred after 4-5 days of incubation. The virus preparations were mitogenic for spleen cells depleted of T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement and for lymphocytes of congenitally athymic mice (nu-nu). They were also mitogenic for highly purified T lymphocytes separated by panning of spleen cells on anti-mouse Ig-coated Petri dishes, suggesting that both B and T lymphocytes respond to the mitogenic activity of RSV. Moreover, mice infected intranasally with RSV strain A2 generated local as well as peripheral cellular and humoral responses. PMID- 3498210 TI - Circulating cholera antitoxin memory cells in the blood one year after oral cholera vaccination in humans. AB - Oral vaccination with the combined B subunit/whole cell cholera vaccine generates antitoxin memory cells that could be isolated from peripheral blood for at least 1 year after immunization. These memory cells were triggered by antigen in vitro to produce antitoxin in the presence of autologous T cells and monocytes. Antitoxin-producing peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were found in 4 out of 5 previously vaccinated subjects. IgA and IgM isotypes dominated the memory response. The antigen-dose dependency and requirements for a specific ratio of T to B cells for activation of the memory cells in vitro implies T-cell control of antitoxin responses. These antitoxin memory cells in peripheral blood (and corresponding antibacterial memory cells) might represent a pool of circulating cells that on renewed exposure to cholera rapidly produce protective antibody in the gut and thus might have a central role in the long-term protection against reinfection and disease seen in convalescents from cholera. PMID- 3498211 TI - The frequency of rheumatoid arthritis among relatives of probands with definite ankylosing spondylitis. AB - We studied families of 23 unrelated HLA-B27 positive probands with definite ankylosing spondylitis to investigate the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of RA among these relatives was significant higher (2.91%; 0.02 less than p less than 0.05) than in the control group of 28 healthy individuals (1.02%). These data suggest an increased relative risk of RA in relatives of patients with AS. PMID- 3498212 TI - New approach to clinical evaluation of cancer chemotherapy using positron emission tomography with 18FDG (2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose). PMID- 3498213 TI - Measuring the human T cell receptor gamma-chain locus. AB - The human T cell receptor gamma locus, including eleven variable-region, five joining-region, and two constant-region segments, is contained in 160 kilobases. During T cell somatic development these genes undergo rearrangement by deletion of the sequences separating the variable and joining regions. The molecular map of this locus was completely defined by deletion mapping and restriction mapping. Restriction fragments were resolved by standard agarose electrophoresis and field inversion electrophoresis. These studies demonstrate that the deletions in this locus, which occur during the formation of a functional T cell receptor gamma chain gene, range from 50 to 145 kilobases in length. These studies also provide a structural basis for understanding the development of the gamma-chain peptide repertoire, and extends the potential of the emerging pulsed-field electrophoretic technology. PMID- 3498214 TI - Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation. AB - Expression of c-myb proto-oncogene messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein has been detected principally in tumors and in normal tissue of hematopoietic origin. In each hematopoietic lineage examined, expression of the c-myb gene is markedly downregulated during hematopoietic maturation. However, the mechanism by which differential expression of the c-myb gene is regulated is not known. In murine B lymphoid tumor cell lines, the amount of steady-state c-myb mRNA is 10 to more than 100 times greater in pre-B cell lymphomas than in B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas. The downregulation of c-myb mRNA correlates with events at the pre B cell-B cell junction. Differential expression of c-myb mRNA levels detected between a pre-B cell lymphoma and a mature B cell lymphoma is now shown to be mediated by a block to transcription elongation in the first intron of the c-myb locus. In addition, this developmentally regulated difference in transcriptional activity is correlated with alterations in higher order chromatin structure as reflected by changes in the patterns of hypersensitivity to deoxyribonuclease I at the 5' end of the c-myb transcription unit. Regulation of transcription elongation may provide a more sensitive mechanism for rapidly increasing and decreasing mRNA levels in response to external stimuli than regulation of the initiation of transcription. PMID- 3498215 TI - Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein): a renal ligand for lymphokines. AB - The protein portion of the immunosuppressive glycoprotein uromodulin is identical to the Tamm-Horsfall urinary glycoprotein and is synthesized in the kidney. Evidence that the glycoproteins are the same is based on amino acid sequence identity, immunologic cross-reactivity, and tissue localization to the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Nucleic acid sequencing of clones for uromodulin isolated from a complementary DNA bank from human kidney predicts a protein 639 amino acids in length, including a 24--amino acid leader sequence and a cysteine rich mature protein with eight potential glycosylation sites. Uromodulin and preparations of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein bind to recombinant murine interleukin 1 (rIL-1) and human rIL-1 alpha, rIL-1 beta, and recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF). Uromodulin isolated from urine of pregnant women by lectin adherence is more immunosuppressive than material isolated by the original salt precipitation protocol of Tamm and Horsfall. Immunohistologic studies demonstrate that rIL-1 and rTNF bind to the same area of the human kidney that binds to antiserum specific for uromodulin. Thus, uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) may function as a unique renal regulatory glycoprotein that specifically binds to and regulates the circulating activity of a number of potent cytokines, including IL-1 and TNF. PMID- 3498216 TI - A sea urchin gene encodes a polypeptide homologous to epidermal growth factor. AB - A sea urchin DNA clone complementary to an embryonic messenger RNA whose protein product bears striking homology to the epidermal growth factor family of proteins has been identified and characterized. The structure of the protein is similar to that of previously identified regulatory genes in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis. RNA gel blot hybridization showed a unique temporal pattern of expression of this gene during embryogenesis and transcript enrichment in the embryonic ectoderm. These results suggest that this member of the epidermal growth factor gene family plays a role in early development decisions in sea urchin embryos. PMID- 3498217 TI - Neuroimmunology sits on broad research base. PMID- 3498218 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component. AB - In an open-label study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component. Thirty-one normal, healthy children 4 to 6 years old received a single dose. All subjects had received their primary DTP series and DTP booster at age 18 months. All but three of the subjects were followed up for one month. Two subjects developed fever (100 F [37.8 C]) during the 24 hours after dosing. Eleven subjects had mild local reactions reported by parents at the 24-hour visit. One subject had a small "sterile abscess." Paired antibody assays revealed enhancement of titers in 19 of 21 for pertussis, 20 of 21 for diphtheria, and 19 of 21 for tetanus. Although the sample is small, the experimental vaccine appears to have been safe and effective in the subjects studied. PMID- 3498219 TI - Gallium lung scans in Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 3498220 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in three primary medical care clinics in the city of Sao Paulo. Issues on the mental health of the urban poor. PMID- 3498221 TI - First psychiatric admission rates of first and second generation Afro Caribbeans. PMID- 3498223 TI - Monthly variation in the pattern of extramural psychiatric care. PMID- 3498224 TI - Social phobia in Saudis. PMID- 3498222 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in London's Greek-Cypriot immigrant community. I. Associations with sociodemographic variables. PMID- 3498225 TI - Psychosomatic symptoms among 14-16 year old Finnish adolescents. PMID- 3498226 TI - [Comparative evaluation of cinoxacin, cotrimoxazole and pipemidic acid in recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract in long-term therapy]. PMID- 3498227 TI - Role of surgical treatment in the management of complications of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with leukemia. AB - The clinical course of patients with leukemia, specifically after treatment, is complicated by opportunistic infections, often derived from the gastrointestinal tract. Four hundred and thirty-eight patients with leukemia were treated at the Arizona Health Sciences Center from 1976 to 1985. Fifty-five (13 per cent) had 60 major gastrointestinal complications develop. Thirty-seven were treated medically with a mortality rate of 51 per cent, while 18 who were treated surgically had a 17 per cent mortality rate. These infections usually occur during induction or consolidation chemotherapy. Positive blood cultures and white blood cell counts of less than 2,500 per millimeter are a frequent occurrence. The most common complications of the gastrointestinal tract are enterocolitis, perirectal sepsis and bleeding. Because of the combined defects in phagocytosis (neutropenia), antibody production and cell mediated immunity, opportunistic infections (such as viral, fungal, parasitic or bacterial) are frequent and often lethal, despite routine antibiotic coverage. A protocol to identify a subset of patients with septic leukemia who may require emergency surgical treatment is vital since death in this group is most commonly from undiagnosed sepsis or progression of hematologic defects. This protocol should include repeated physical examinations, daily roentgenograms of the abdomen, liberal use of endoscopy, contrast roentgenography and computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. Extensive surgical procedures can be safely carried out in patients with leukemia. The diagnosis of leukemia should not be a deterrent to emergency surgical exploration. PMID- 3498230 TI - Disappearance of a tumor shadow fed by the tentorial artery after embolization of the external carotid artery. AB - The tentorial artery is a branch of the meningohypophyseal trunk originating from the internal carotid artery; this artery sometimes becomes an enlarged feeding artery in patients with tentorial lesions, especially tentorial meningiomas. We experienced a case of a cerebellopontile angle meningioma whose angiogram revealed the disappearance of a feeding artery arising from the tentorial artery after embolization of the external carotid artery. We report this case and discuss the mechanism of this phenomenon. PMID- 3498228 TI - Intra-abdominal complications of cardiopulmonary bypass operations. AB - The records of 6,452 consecutive patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass procedures were examined for intra-abdominal complications. There were 60 complications in 51 patients for an incidence of 0.94 per cent. The mortality rate was 59 per cent. Complications included bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract in 20, intestinal ischemia in 16, acute cholecystitis in 11, pancreatitis in five, small intestinal obstruction in three, perforated ulcer in two, hepatic necrosis in two and splenic laceration in one instance. Clinical risk factors included advanced age, emergency operation, valvular surgical treatment, hypotension, intra-aortic balloon pump, pressors and reoperation. Patients with a prolonged pump time had an increased risk of intraabdominal complications (p less than 0.001). PMID- 3498229 TI - Androgen receptor binding activity in meningiomas. AB - Analyses of androgen receptor binding activity in 54 intracranial, intraspinal, and metastatic meningiomas were performed with a specific radioligand binding technique using [3H]R 1881 as radioligand. [3H]R 5020 was used for the concurrent determination of progesterone receptor binding activity. Moderate concentrations of androgen receptors (33.4 +/- 5.4 fmol/mg protein) were detected in 35 (65%), whereas high levels of progesterone binding components (236 +/- 35 fmol/mg protein) were demonstrated in 48 (89%) tumors. The androgen receptor binding activity was positively correlated with the progesterone receptor binding activity (rs = 0.38, p less than 0.05). This relationship is suggestive of an androgen regulation of the progesterone receptor via the androgen receptor system. The presence of androgen and progesterone receptors in a large proportion of meningiomas, and the tendency for a dependence of androgen receptor and progesterone receptor binding activity on the histological subtype could have implications for tumor therapy. PMID- 3498231 TI - Effect of alternating current stimulation of the spinal cord on recovery from acute spinal cord injury in rats. AB - The therapeutic value of electrical stimulation of the spinal cord was studied in rats injured by acute compression of the spinal cord. Twenty adult Wistar rats underwent cord compression at T6-7 by the extradural clip compression technique at a force of 125 g for 1 minute. After injury and group randomization, stimulating electrodes were placed extradurally, proximal and distal to the injury site, and attached to a small, implantable receiver-stimulator. The receiver was secured to the paraspinal muscles and implanted subcutaneously, overlying the thoracic spine. The animals were maintained in specially designed cages with encircling antennae attached to radio frequency transmitters. The 10 treatment animals were subjected to a 460-kHz electromagnetic field, pulsed at a frequency of 10 Hz. The receivers converted the pulsed radio frequency into square-wave pulses at the cord electrodes (width 1 ms, frequency 10 Hz). The 10 control animals were exposed to a similar field but with a frequency below the range of the tuned receiver, and therefore they did not receive the square-wave pulse. Clinical recovery was assessed by the inclined plane technique which measures the maximum angle of inclination attained without falling. After 15 weeks of continuous spinal cord stimulation, the inclined plane performance was not significantly different between the two groups (treatment group mean, 44.4 +/ 5.4; control group mean, 41.7 +/- 7.9). This is the first experimental study of the effect of long-term continuous electrical stimulation on spinal cord recovery in mammals. The methods required and the technical aspects involved in achieving continuous stimulation, and the guidelines for future study of this modality are discussed. PMID- 3498232 TI - Angioma of the cerebellopontine cistern simulating acoustic neurinomas. AB - We report a cryptic angioma associated with a cisternal hematoma confined to the cerebellopontine cistern occurring in a 29-year-old woman. The angioma was related to the acoustic nerve. The cisternal hematoma appeared to have increased in size gradually with repeated hemorrhages from the angioma. The location of the lesion, in conjunction with the gradual size increase of the cisternal hematoma, resulted in the lesion simulating acoustic neurinomas radiologically as well as neurologically. PMID- 3498233 TI - Trapped fourth ventricle in an adult: radiographic findings and surgical treatment. AB - Trapped fourth ventricle is a rare entity that has most often been reported mainly in children as a late complication of lateral ventricle shunting. We report a case in a previously normal adult who developed symptoms several months after bacterial meningitis. Unique radiographic and surgical findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for the classification and treatment of fourth ventricular enlargement. PMID- 3498234 TI - Duodenal varices as a cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Duodenal varices are an uncommon but serious manifestation of portal hypertension. Our management of three patients with massive bleeding due to duodenal varices stimulated a review of this subject. Thirteen cases of this condition were previously reported. Endoscopic examination of the entire duodenal mucosa is essential to document bleeding from duodenal varices. Medical therapies, including vasopressin and endoscopic sclerotherapy, have had limited success in controlling active duodenal variceal bleeding. Duodenal varix suture ligation or resection also resulted in a high rate of rebleeding. End-to-side portocaval shunt was the most effective procedure in stopping acute and subsequent bleeding in patients with duodenal varices. Despite therapy with or without portosystemic shunt, mortality risk is high in Child's class C patients and in patients with emergency duodenal variceal bleeding. PMID- 3498235 TI - [Blood transfusion support in cardiac surgery]. AB - The paper is concerned with experience in transfusion-infusion tactics in 55 patients with coronary heart disease with multiple atherosclerotic involvement of the coronary arteries who underwent aortocoronary bypass surgery. The purpose of transfusion therapy in such patients was to preserve to maximum the patient's own blood (autoblood, etc.), independent correction of blood coagulation factors with antihemophilic plasma and correction of blood oxygen transport function with donor erythrocytic mass without infusion of excessive liquid volumes, postoperative care of patients under the conditions of moderate hypocoagulation and hemodilution. PMID- 3498236 TI - Proteolysis of von Willebrand factor by lipase preparations from Rhizopus arrhizus. PMID- 3498237 TI - A comparative study of Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations in selected non mammalian vertebrates. AB - Ectoplasmic specializations (ES) facing spermatids were studied in species representative of four classes of non-mammalian vertebrates (Pisces--bluegill; Amphibia--bullfrog; Reptilia--red eared turtle; Aves--domestic chicken). ES was not seen in the bluegill but was present in all other species studied. In the frog, turtle, and chicken, ES did not resemble its mammalian counterpart and could only be characterized by the presence of 6 nm filaments (presumedly actin) within the somatic cell facing the head region of elongating spermatids. ES filaments were sparse in the frog and were sometimes associated with more deeply situated endoplasmic reticulum. Turtle ES filaments were abundant and encircled the acrosomal region of the spermatid head and were delimited by fenestrated saccules of endoplasmic reticulum. In the chicken, ES filaments were prominent but less abundant than in the turtle. Six nanometer filaments of the chicken ES appeared in a tangled mass and were not associated with clearly defined endoplasmic reticulum. In the three species where ES was found, it first developed as spermatids became entrenched within the surrounding somatic cell. Neither cell elongation, nuclear elongation, or movement of the nucleus to the cell surface was synchronized with the onset of ES development. That ES development was seen concomitant with spermatid entrenchment and spermatid orientation suggested a role for ES in these processes. This hypothesis was further strengthened by observations in the fish where ES was lacking and where spermatid entrenchment within the somatic cell, did not occur. The study also supported the hypothesis that ES acts as a cytoskeletal mantle to which other cytoskeletal elements within the cell interact to affect the position of elongate spermatids within the epithelium. The dissolution of ES prior to spermiation and concomitant loss of a close relationship between cells suggests that ES is also related to somatic cell-germ cell adhesion and therefore plays an important role in the spermiation process. PMID- 3498238 TI - [AIDS; current status]. PMID- 3498239 TI - Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. 2. Reduction of epidermal growth factor receptor affinity in PC12 cells. AB - Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin, at sub-cytotoxic concentrations, inhibits both the 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding and autophosphorylation properties of EGF-receptors in PC12 cells. This inhibition occurred only in intact cells and is probably due to a decrease in the affinity of the receptor for EGF. Streptolysin S and parcelsin could mimic the alpha-toxin effect below cytotoxic concentrations, as measured by a 51Cr release assay. In contrast, other membrane perturbing toxins with different lipid specificity, such as tetanolysin and cobra direct lytic factor, inhibited [125I]EGF binding only at cytotoxic concentrations. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin also stimulated 3-fold the specific binding of a radioactive tumor-promoting phorbol ester (PDBu) to PC12 cells at concentrations similar to those required for the inhibition of [125I]EGF binding. Although the exact mechanism for the inhibition of EGF binding by alpha-toxin has not been established, our results suggest that protein kinase C may be involved in this time-dependent process. PMID- 3498240 TI - Contralateral flow reduction in unilateral stroke: evidence for transhemispheric diaschisis. AB - Using clinical presentation, angiography, computed tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, 7 patients were identified who had strictly unilateral hemispheric infarction and unilateral cerebrovascular disease. In 6, cerebral blood flow measured by fluorine-18-fluoromethane inhalation and positron emission tomography was reduced in the contralateral hemisphere (p less than 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a high correlation between contralateral flow reduction and the degree of flow impairment in the infarcted area (r = 0.941, p = 0.0014) but not with age, risk factor profile, blood pressure, PCO2, hematocrit, or duration of stroke. We conclude that transhemispheric diaschisis best explains the contralateral flow reduction seen in supratentorial ischemic stroke. PMID- 3498241 TI - Kinetics of natural killer cell cytotoxicity during the graft-versus-host reaction. Relationship between natural killer cell activity, T and B cell activity, and development of histopathological alterations. AB - The relationships between splenic natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, T and B cell function, and the development of histopathological lesions in the liver and pancreas have been studied during the course of graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions. GVH reactions were induced in (C57BL/6 X A)F1 (B6AF1) hybrids by different doses, (10,20 and 30 X 10(6)) of either parental strain C57/BL6 (B6) or A lymphoid cells. Splenic NK cell cytotoxicity was studied by employing YAC-1, an NK-cell-sensitive target. Splenic T and B cell function were assessed by mitogen responsiveness to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and by the in vitro plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells. Histopathological lesions characteristic of GVH reactions were recognized at a time (day 8 after GVH induction) when both T and B cell functions were totally suppressed and NK cell activity was greatest. The severity of histopathological alterations later (day 16 after GVH induction) correlated with an early peak in NK cell cytotoxicity rather than with the overall NK cell activity. When low doses (10,20 X 10(6)) of B6 cells were employed to induce GVH reactions, a significant increase in NK cell activity was observed, yet neither histopathological alterations nor suppression of T and B cell functions were observed. The killing of YAC-1 targets by splenocytes obtained from the different GVH combinations could not be abrogated by pretreatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement, suggesting that T lymphocytes were not central to this cytolytic process. These experiments demonstrated that: (1) an inverse relationship between T and B cell function and NK cell activity was observed early after GVH induction, (2) the severity of histopathological lesions and immunosuppression, as well as the degree of overall augmented NK cell activity, was determined by the dose and genotype of donor cells injected to induce GVH reactions, and (3) GVH-associated moderate-severe lesions occurred only in groups in which NK cell activity peaked early--whereas when NK cell activity peaked later, either mild or no lesions were observed, suggesting that the early rapid increase of NK cell activity may be useful for predicting the severity of GVH pathogenesis. PMID- 3498242 TI - Apparent difference in the roles of spleen and lymph nodes in the pathogenesis of host-versus-graft disease in murine parent/F1 chimeras. AB - Host-versus-graft (HVG) disease is the often fatal immunodeficiency syndrome that can be induced in susceptible strains of mice by the perinatal inoculation of semiallogenic spleen cells. To determine the distribution and engraftment of the donor cells in the spleens and lymph nodes of RFM hosts, sequential tests were done for the presence of (T6 X RFM)F1 cells marked by their ability to form donor specific antibodies to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and by the T6 chromosome. Quantitation of cells with intracytoplasmic antibody that bound HRP (HRPBC) and of metaphases with the T6 marker showed that greater than 90% of donor cells were located in the hyperplastic lymph nodes. The pattern of sequential changes in numbers of HRPBC corresponded with the rise and fall in titers of antibodies to HRP. The marked differences in localization of donor cells suggested that host nodes and spleens played different roles. The lymph nodes became the main sources of donor antibodies and the principal repositories of (T6 X RFM)F1 cells capable of replication. The spleen evidently served as a major site of host resistance to engraftment. This was attributed to the ability of host cells there to inhibit selectively the proliferation of the semiallogenic donor cells. It is also proposed that counts of HRPBC measured the vigor of the HVG reaction in host spleen and lymph nodes, because the appearance of virtually all these antibody forming cells was the result of the maturational effect of the allogenic reaction on F1 donor B memory cells. PMID- 3498243 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices. Current status in Nigeria. PMID- 3498244 TI - Treatment of acute oesophageal variceal bleeding by transgastric ligation. PMID- 3498245 TI - Haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. PMID- 3498246 TI - [Disorders of vestibular function of children with middle ear diseases according to the results of cupulometry and the sinusoidal test]. PMID- 3498247 TI - [Electronystagmographic characteristics of peripheral vestibular asymmetries in stage I of the development of compensation]. PMID- 3498248 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - The authors consider that wide use of urgent endoscopy in gastro-intestinal bleedings can optimize the surgical tactics in such cases and give better results of treatment. General lethality was 3%. Postoperative lethality in a bleeding ulcer of the stomach and duodenum was 9.7 and 4.7% correspondingly. PMID- 3498249 TI - Duck virus enteritis in waterfowl. PMID- 3498250 TI - An outbreak of duck virus enteritis in commercial ducks and geese in East Anglia. PMID- 3498251 TI - Possible trimethoprim-sulphonamide induced polyarthritis. PMID- 3498252 TI - The response of the supramammary lymph node of the sheep to secondary infection with orf virus. AB - The response of the supramammary lymph node of seven sheep to secondary infection with orf virus was examined by cannulating the efferent lymphatic before infecting the drainage area of the node. All animals developed typical orf lesions and responded after an initial lag period with an increase in total cell output paralleled by a rising proportion of lymphoblast cells. Most lymphoblast contained immunoglobulin with a predominance of the IgG class. When cultured, these cells produced measurable amounts of virus-specific antibody. The proportion of cells which stained with a T-cell-specific monoclonal antibody was measured in two of the sheep and found to decrease as the response developed. These data suggest that the nodal response is directed mainly towards the production of virus-specific antibody. The extent of T-cell involvement remains unclear. PMID- 3498253 TI - [Structural dynamics of x-ray studies in pediatric therapeutic and prophylactic institutions of the Latvian SSR and its radiation hygiene aspects]. PMID- 3498255 TI - Specific recognition of influenza virus polymerase protein (PB1) by a murine cytotoxic T-cell clone. AB - Cytotoxic T-cell clones were raised in CBA mice that recognised both A/X31 and A/JAP/305/1957 influenza virus. Here, we describe one CTL clone that recognises target cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing influenza PB1. PMID- 3498254 TI - Immunosuppression by canine distemper virus: modulation of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis, interleukin release and prostaglandin E2 production. AB - In vitro or in vivo infection of canine mononuclear cells by canine distemper virus (CDV) in short-term microcultures resulted in suppression of lectin-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation. This suppressive effect was also evident in pokeweed mitogen-driven in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis and release. Lectin-induced interleukin-2 production by monocyte-depleted lymphocyte cultures was marginally affected by CDV, whereas interleukin-1 production by adherent mononuclear cells was significantly depressed. Monocyte cultures established from viremic dogs released prostaglandin (PG)E2. The results suggest that, in addition to a direct viral effect upon lectin responsive cellular population(s), CDV modulates monocyte functions by inhibition of interleukin-1 production and by enhancing PGE2 release. PMID- 3498256 TI - [Effect of laser and aerosol electrophytotherapy on immunological reactivity in respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 3498257 TI - [Effectiveness of the electrostimulation of the neuromuscular system using diadynamic and sinusoidal modulated currents]. PMID- 3498258 TI - [Method of treating by electroacupuncture using the Rampa-2 device]. PMID- 3498259 TI - An animal model for the detection of hypotensive side effects of immunoglobulin preparations. AB - Intravenous administration of certain immunoglobulin preparations may cause severe adverse reactions, especially in immunodeficient patients. These reactions are generally assumed to be related to the anticomplementary activity of the preparations, caused by IgG aggregates. Because the exact mechanism of the adverse reaction is unknown, we investigated the reactions induced in anesthetized rats on rapid intravenous administration of different human immunoglobulin preparations. The most conspicuous observation was a severe, long lasting hypotension, induced by standard immunoglobulin preparations (for intramuscular use), which appeared to be independent from the concomitant complement and neutrophil activation. The long-lasting hypotension was not related to the presence of prekallikrein activator, which induced a transient hypotensive reaction only after sensitizing the rats to bradykinin. The reactions appeared to be associated with IgG aggregates. It was found that certain aggregates induced mainly complement activation, whereas others had mainly a hypotensive effect or no effect at all. It was concluded that the rat model provides a sensitive and reproducible test system for vasoactive properties of immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous administration that cannot be predicted from in vitro measurements, such as anticomplementary activity, aggregate content or prekallikrein activator activity. It is suggested that the test may also be used for other plasma products for intravenous administration. PMID- 3498260 TI - Biochemical and biological properties of an alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrate. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AAT) has been purified from human plasma supernatant A (equivalent to COHN fraction II + III) by a large-scale chromatographic procedure involving anion-exchange adsorption on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B fast flow and size exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. Before freeze-drying, the liquid concentrate was heat-treated at 60 degrees C for 10 h to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-born viral diseases. Using this procedure, AAT is recovered with 80-90% purity in 65-75% yield from supernatant A. The heterogeneity of AAT is preserved across the purification steps. In addition, purified AAT exhibits inhibitory activities against trypsin and elastase equivalent to that of the serum protein. The mean association rate constant for elastase was found as high as 2.15 X 10(5) M-1 s-1. Thus, purifying active AAT from supernatant A contributes to improving the availability of this protein which may be potentially useful in the treatment of hereditary emphysema. PMID- 3498261 TI - Rheumatoid factor and secondary rheumatoid disturbances in patients with haemophilia. PMID- 3498262 TI - [Use of sinusoidal modulated currents and mud applications in reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 3498263 TI - [Dynamics of cellular immunity in chronic pancreatitis patients]. PMID- 3498264 TI - [Sigma-ESR in the diagnosis of the activity of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3498265 TI - [Alpha-amylase activity in the serum and urine after alcohol abuse]. PMID- 3498267 TI - [Significance of selected laboratory findings in rheumatic diseases. 2: The second step in diagnosis]. PMID- 3498268 TI - [Drug therapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3498266 TI - The detection of cytotoxicity produced by short-lived reactive intermediates: a study with bromobenzene. AB - 1. A V79 cell incubation incorporating rat liver 9000 g supernatant (S9) fractions, used previously to detect the toxicity due to long-lived, stable metabolites of cyclophosphamide, has been used to study the toxicity of short lived, reactive metabolites generated from bromobenzene. 2. Cytotoxicity was observed in the presence of S9 fractions from rats treated with phenobarbitone but not in the presence of S9 fractions from untreated or beta-naphthoflavone treated animals. This toxicity was enhanced by depletion of the glutathione in the S9 fraction by prior treatment of the animals with diethyl maleate and was reduced by SKF 525 A, in agreement with results in vivo on the mechanism of bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity. 3. This study demonstrates that cytotoxicity due to the generation of short-lived, reactive metabolites can be detected in this system in vitro provided that procedures are used to modify the activating and detoxifying enzyme systems within the S9 fraction. PMID- 3498269 TI - [A computer-assisted system in management and analysis of transmissible diseases in a district]. PMID- 3498270 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis, therapy and course of unstable angina pectoris]. AB - It is reported on 27 patients aged 32-77 years with an unstable angina pectoris, including coronary spasm. All patients showed an anamnesis of less than 3 months, nearly the half of less than 24 hours. The resting electrocardiogram during the attack was pathological in 22 patients, 7 patients showed a Prinzmetal reaction and 11 patients showed intermittent ventricular dysrhythmias. The exercise electrocardiogram in the stable phase was pathological in 16 of 17 patients. Of 23 patients who underwent a selective coronary angiography with laevocardiography 9 patients each showed a disease of one vessel and three vessels, respectively, and 5 patients a disease of two vessels. Only nearly 50% of the patients could be stabilized medicamentously (nitrates, calcium antagonists, rarely beta-blockers). In three patients still during the unstable phase a surgical revascularization was carried out, in 11 patients after stabilization. Five patients suffered an early infarction; one of them died. Altogether, the unstable angina pectoris is even nowadays to be regarded as a clinical picture with a relatively bad prognosis, which demands rapid action. PMID- 3498271 TI - [Stress-induced changes in the R amplitude in the ECG in patients with arterial hypertension and chronic ischemic heart disease and following aortocoronary venous bypass]. AB - 76 patients after aortocoronary venous bypass operation, 34 patients with essential arterial hypertension at stage I or II (WHO) and chronic ischaemic heart disease, 96 patients with a chronic ischaemic heart disease of different degree of severity and 20 persons with healthy heart were examined concerning their behaviour of the R-amplitude in the exercise electrocardiogram. In all patients a standardized bicycle-ergometric exercise sitting and a coronarography as well as a ventriculography were performed. There is no statistically significant difference in the behaviour of the R-amplitude between patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease and persons with healthy heart. Indeed, hypertensives with chronic ischaemic heart disease significantly differ in their behaviour of the R-amplitude from persons with healthy heart, in the hypertensives with chronic ischaemic heart disease, however, the behaviour of the R-amplitude is indifferent, so that it is concluded that the criterion of the R amplitude for the diagnosis of the chronic ischaemic heart disease in hypertensives cannot be used. An insufficient individual reproducibility supports this conclusion. PMID- 3498272 TI - [Cell-mediated immune reaction in patients with condylomata acuminata C. A.)]. AB - A study on cellularly mediated immune reaction in male patients aged between 18 and 30 years and suffering from condylomata acuminata (C.A.) revealed immune suppression particularly of the cellularly mediated system. As compared with the normal population, our study proved a significantly increased portion of hypergic patients and a clear decrease of the various groups of lymphocytes. PMID- 3498273 TI - [Immunology of aging]. AB - The immune system shows its best reactivity in the youth. Then there is a continuous slightly decrease of the reactivity. This is not caused by a loss of lymphocytes or antibody but by a shift within the distribution of regulatory cells. Therefore the portion of aberrant phenomena is increasing during lifetime. However, even in old age the immune system is still working. A concomitant increase of infections is due to the impaired resistance of anatomical structures, e.g. of the mucosa. PMID- 3498274 TI - [Some developmental trends in the incidence of female suicide]. AB - Samples of female suicides committed in the sixties, seventies and eighties were investigated in the Canton of Berne with regard to some demographic characteristics. The number of suicides and the suicide rate increased, however, the male:female ratio decreased in the City of Berne, but not in the remaining regions of the Canton. The suicide rates of the younger age categories were found to have increased and to approximate generally those of the older age groups. The protective influence of the marriage against suicide seems to be loosing its significance. The suicide rates among employed women were found to be lower than expected. PMID- 3498275 TI - [Monocytes/macrophages in synovial tissue in chronic polyarthritis and arthrosis- differentiating from monoclonal antibodies]. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies directed towards distinct cell surface antigens of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, we tried to disclose diagnostically relevant differences in the distribution pattern of monocytes and macrophages in cryostate sectioned synovial tissue samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis, psoriatic arthritis (n = 1) and a healthy control subject. As compared to osteoarthrosis, we found that in rheumatoid arthritis, accessory cells of the T- and B-cell immune response are pronounced in the basis areas of the superficial cell layers, indicating an active inflammatory process of immunological origin. Applying monoclonal antibodies specific for monocytes and immature macrophages of connective tissue, we confirmed the finding of an enhanced migration of those cells from the peripheral blood stream into the inflamed synovial tissue. Despite those findings, we were not able to demonstrate significant immuno-morphological differences between tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. PMID- 3498277 TI - [Internal local repair of fundus varicose veins--a surgical procedure adapted to the general condition of the patient in fundus varicose hemorrhage]. PMID- 3498276 TI - [ Serum osteocalcin in chronic polyarthritis in stage III]. AB - Osteocalcin, a major noncollagenous protein component of bone matrix which reflects the level of new bone formation, was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay, in 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Steinbrocker stage III) and in 45 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. According to the literature, serum osteocalcin concentrations were slightly decreased in the RA group but this was not statistically significant. Only RA patients on corticosteroid therapy had statistically significant decreased osteocalcin levels, compared with normal controls. No correlation was determined in the RA patients between serum osteocalcin levels and levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, circulating immune complexes (Clq binding assay) and rheumatoid factors of the IgA, IgG or IgM class. PMID- 3498278 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the treatment of placental insufficiency. II. Results of treatment compared to special infusion treatment]. AB - Results of treatment of placental insufficiency by transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TNS) in 101 patients are demonstrated and compared with a treatment of a special infusion therapy. While TNS-therapy a significant rise of Fischer Score was observed. In both groups the urinary estrogen excretion was increased. PMID- 3498279 TI - [The problem of neuroroentgenologic diagnosis of an epileptic focus in so-called temporal lobe epilepsy]. AB - The size of individual elements of temporal cornua of the lateral ventricles of the normal human brain has been determined. The topic diagnostic informative value of preoperative pneumoencephalography has been found inadequate for determining the degree of morphological alterations in the mediobasal brain structures. On the basis of the findings from preoperative pneumoencephalograms and operative positive ventriculograms of 80 patients the author has demonstrated the necessity of a detailed ventriculographic examination of the brain using the technique of orthogonal teleroentgenography and administration of positive contrasting agents. The ventriculographic criteria for locating the epileptic focus, verified by stereoelectroencephalographic studies, have been described. PMID- 3498280 TI - [Comparison of methods for the relative quantification of the hump in cardiokymographic tracings]. AB - Exercise stress testing in a sitting position was carried out preoperatively and three months post aortocoronary bypass surgery in 125 men. Before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 5 minutes of recovery cardiokymography (CKG) was performed in a lying position. So called "bulges" in the CGK-tracings, defined as Type I, II or III registration by non quantitative judgement so far, were set out quantitatively by evaluation of area (Flachen-method) or distance (Distanzmethod) of the bulge. We found a significant increase (p less than 0.001) of bulges according to both methods after exercise but no difference between rest and after recovery concerning the area method. The distance method showed higher values (p less than 0.05) after recovery than at rest. All mean values postoperatively were not significantly lower than the corresponding values preoperatively. Our results show, that CKG-tracings can be quantitatively assessed both by the area or by the distance method. The latter is easier to apply and has comparable results to the area method. PMID- 3498281 TI - Postoperative ventilatory and circulatory effects of heating after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Extended rewarming during cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative radiant heat supply. AB - Twenty-four patients with stable angina pectoris were studied after aortocoronary bypass surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Twelve patients (radiant heat supply group) were rewarmed during CPB to a nasopharyngeal temperature of at least 38 degrees C and a mean rectal temperature of 34.4 degrees C. Postoperatively they received radiant heat supply from a thermal ceiling. In addition, a heating water mattress was used during the end of the operation and heated, humidified inspired gases were administered intra- and postoperatively. The other 12 patients (combination heat supply group) had the rewarming during CPB extended until the rectal temperature exceeded 36 degrees C, but otherwise received the same treatment as the radiant heat supply group. The combination of extended rewarming during CPB and postoperative radiant heat supply significantly reduced oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and the required ventilation volumes during early recovery as compared with the values in the radiant heat supply group. The reduced metabolic demands were accompanied by lower cardiac index and oxygen delivery, which, however, were sufficient for adequate tissue perfusion as judged by the similarity in oxygen extraction and arterial base excess values in the two groups. The metabolic demands and ventilatory requirements were reduced to a level at which safe early extubation is possible. PMID- 3498282 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide in morphologically well-defined type II neurons of the enteric nervous system in the porcine small intestine. AB - The morphological classification of the different neuronal cell types is generally accepted and expanded by us; nevertheless, immunohistochemically and electrophysiologically the existence of clear-cut categories of enteric neurons is frequently questioned. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated in this study, however, provide the first direct link between a morphological type of enteric neuron and an immunohistochemical staining for a distinct peptide. Evidence demonstrates that calcitonin gene-related peptide occurs in only one morphologically defined type of neuron, viz., in type II neurons, and can therefore be regarded as a 'marker peptide' for type II neurons. Hence, the present immunohistochemical findings illustrate the validity of the morphological classification of the enteric neurons. PMID- 3498283 TI - Identification of alpha and gamma trigeminal motoneurons by the vibratome paraplast technique for HRP histochemistry. AB - A morphometric analysis of the masseteric motoneuron pool of the trigeminal motor nucleus was performed in the rat using horseradish peroxidase as a marker. Thick (40 microns) cryosections and thin (7 microns) Paraplast sections were compared. Two types of motoneurons related to the masseter muscle were observed. Small motoneurons, which had a high nuclear index, were found interspersed between large motoneurons, which had more cytoplasm. Evidence is provided that the small trigeminal motoneurons are gamma neurons that innervate the intrafusal muscle fibers of the masseteric muscle spindles. PMID- 3498284 TI - Catecholaminergic innervation of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. AB - Catecholaminergic synaptic input to neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the rat hypothalamus was observed. The experimental techniques used combine autoradiography after 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) injection or uptake of 5 hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) with immunocytochemistry using CRF antiserum. CRF-like immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in the PVN received synaptic inputs from the axon terminals in which a selective accumulation of 3H-NA or 5-OHDA was found. This finding suggests that the secretion of CRF neurons may be regulated via synapses by catecholaminergic neurons. PMID- 3498285 TI - The occurrence of HLA-DR2 in clinically established narcolepsy. AB - Of 25 patients with a longstanding diagnosis of narcolepsy 23 were HLA-DR2 positive. The 2 DR2 negative patients were misdiagnosed when retrospectively interviewed. HLA-DR2 determination is a valuable tool for ascertaining the narcolepsy diagnosis in uncertain cases. PMID- 3498286 TI - Neuro-ophthalmological complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - In a prospective study of neurological complications of coronary bypass surgery, detailed pre- and post-operative bedside ophthalmological evaluation was undertaken in 312 patients. Post-operative neuro-ophthalmological complications developed in 80/312 (25.6%) patients and included: areas of retinal infarction (17.3%); retinal emboli (2.6%); visual field defects (2.6%); reduction of visual acuity (4.5%) and Horner's syndrome (1.3%). Neuro-ophthalmological complications were not observed in a control group of 50 patients undergoing major peripheral vascular surgery. Ten of 75 patients reviewed at 6 months still had detectable neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities, but functional disability occurred only in those with persistent visual field defects. Multivariate analysis revealed that extra-coronary vascular disease, severe and prolonged duration of heart disease prior to operation, and large drop in haemoglobin level during surgery may predispose to neuro-ophthalmological complications. PMID- 3498287 TI - Epidemiological investigations into multiple sclerosis in Southern Hesse. V. Course and prognosis. AB - Course and possible prognostic predictors were studied retrospectively in 363 MS patients collected during an epidemiological study. The proportion of patients showing a primarily progressive course was 18%; 19% of patients of more than 10 years duration showed a benign course, and 8% of those of less than 16 years duration, a malignant course. Although benign cases were twice as frequent in females as in males, the difference between both sexes was not significant. A primarily or secondarily progressive course, a high number of functional systems involved and cerebellar signs occurring in the course indicated a poor prognosis whereas symptoms at onset, age at onset as such, and occupation were without predictive value. No predictors of a favourable course were found. Of the patients of 11-15 years duration, 17% were confined to a wheelchair, 40% were restricted to a walking distance of 500 metres or less, 61% were unable to work and 45% had urinary incontinence. The corresponding figures for those of 21-25 years duration were 40%, 71%, 76% and 50%. PMID- 3498288 TI - HLA in juvenile liver disease with alpha-one-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - The possible role of HLA phenotypes was investigated in the development of juvenile liver disease in persons with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Seventeen patients were investigated between the ages of 3-25 years. All of them had alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype PiZ. After a longer follow-up a clinical diagnosis was established by the help of physical status, biochemical liver function tests and- in the cases of suspected liver disease--liver biopsy. The clinical course was correlated to the HLA phenotypes of the patients. In 2 cases all first degree relatives were investigated, as well. Our studies on the 17 unrelated patients indicated no correlation between HLA and juvenile liver disease in alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. The family studies confirmed these findings. PMID- 3498289 TI - Suppression of in vivo antibody responses by suppressor factors induced by human myeloma proteins. AB - Suppressor factors induced in vitro, using purified human IgG and IgA myeloma proteins, were shown to efficiently suppress murine antibody production in vivo. The suppression was not isotype specific, viz. IgG and IgA suppressor factors suppressed the production of IgM and IgG antibody. Neither the suppressor factors (SF) nor the inducing proteins suppressed the proliferative responses to concanavalin A and purified protein derivative (PPD). The results are compared to the in vitro findings and discussed in the context of isotype regulation, hypogammaglobulinemia and immunotherapy. PMID- 3498290 TI - Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes, glutathione peroxidase and selenium in blood from HLA-B27-positive and -negative subjects. AB - We studied the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes (CuZnSOD, cyanide-resistant MnSOD and extracellular SOD), the concentration of plasma selenium (P-Se), and the activities of CuZnSOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in erythrocytes of 10 HLA-B27-positive and 10 HLA-B27-negative subjects whose sera had shown high and low chemokinetic activity, respectively, on migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro. No significant difference was found between the groups, suggesting that the enhanced chemokinetic activity of HLA-B27 positive sera does not derive from an aberration in serum anti-oxidant potentials. The results were also analysed on the basis of HLA-DR specificities; HLA-DR4-positive plasma samples had significantly lower levels of Se than HLA-DR4 negative ones. We therefore carried out a second series of experiments with sera of 37 subjects; the levels of P-Se in HLA-DR4-positive and -negative groups were much the same, as were the activities of GSHPx. The data suggest that there is no gross aberration in P-Se concentration in HLA-DR4-positive subjects. PMID- 3498291 TI - The T cell receptor: its repertoire and role in thymocyte development. PMID- 3498292 TI - The multiple biological properties of interleukin-1 influencing immunocompetent cells. PMID- 3498293 TI - Murine T-cell receptor genes. PMID- 3498294 TI - Mechanisms in interleukin 3 regulated growth and differentiation. PMID- 3498295 TI - The activation, proliferation, and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 3498297 TI - Transmembrane signaling reactions generated in B cells in response to anti-IgM or lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 3498296 TI - Delineation of human B cell differentiation: immunological and molecular characterization of human B cell differentiation factor (BSF-2). PMID- 3498299 TI - B lymphocyte activation. The roles of receptor cross-linkage and BSF-1. PMID- 3498298 TI - Correspondence between functionally significant sequences in immunoglobulin and the T cell receptor for antigen. PMID- 3498300 TI - B cell growth factor interactions. PMID- 3498302 TI - Inhibition of human B cell proliferation by ion channel blockers. PMID- 3498303 TI - Cell growth associated regulation of c-myc and c-fos in normal human T cells. PMID- 3498301 TI - IgG1 induction factor: a single molecular entity with multiple biological functions. AB - A cDNA clone coding for the murine IgG1 induction factor has been isolated. The translation products directed by this clone were analyzed in different biological assays. The data obtained show that the IgG1 induction factor: Is involved in the regulation of IgG responses, by increasing IgG1 and decreasing IgG3 and IgG2b secretion; Induces hyper-Ia expression on resting B lymphocytes; Synergizes with anti-Ig in inducing DNA synthesis in resting B lymphocytes; Synergizes with DxS in inducing DNA synthesis by B lymphocytes; It induces DNA synthesis by either the T cell line CTL-L or Con-A blasts. Thus, this lymphokine in addition to IgG1 inducing activity has also BSF-1, BCGF-II and TCGF like activities. The fact that a single molecule can perform all the above listed functions has implications for our view of lymphocyte activation. It indicates that considering the B cell response as an ordered series of independently controlled events, is an oversimplified view of the dynamic process through which B cells are activated and also indicate the functional interconnection of the different elements of the immune system. PMID- 3498305 TI - Regulation of activation and proliferation of human natural killer cells. PMID- 3498304 TI - Regulation of proto-oncogene expression during T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. PMID- 3498306 TI - The early mitogenic pathway in mouse thymocytes: an analysis of the dual signal hypothesis. PMID- 3498307 TI - Mechanism of action of cyclosporine: a unifying hypothesis. PMID- 3498308 TI - Early events in lymphocyte activation triggered via CD3/Ti or CD2. PMID- 3498309 TI - Human T lymphocyte activation. AB - The T lymphocyte receptor for antigen and histocompatibility molecules is a molecular complex comprised of five polypeptide chains. Both the 49KD alpha and 43KD beta chains are immunoglobulin-like and thus contain variable domains responsible for ligand binding. In contrast, the 20-25KD T3 gamma, delta and epsilon chains are monomorphic structures presumably involved in transmembrane signalling. The alpha and beta subunits are disulfide bonded to each other and held in noncovalent association with the T3 chains. T3-Ti receptor crosslinking leads to conformational modification of a second T lineage specific molecule, termed the 50KD T11 structure and in turn, protein kinase C activation, elevation in intracytoplasmic free calcium and Na+/H+ antiport stimulation. PMID- 3498310 TI - Prognostic factors for continued or rebleeding and death from gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the elderly. AB - We analysed 103 episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 88 elderly patients (age 76 +/- 7.7 years) to determine which of a group of 52 clinical and laboratory variables, measured on admission, best predicted continued or rebleeding, and death in these patients. Variables which related directly to the size of the bleed (blood urea, haemoglobin, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure) were all strongly predictive of both outcomes (P less than 0.001). Of the variables unrelated to the size of the bleed, prolonged prothrombin time and elevated serum creatinine were most strongly predictive of a poor outcome, suggesting that haemostatic dysfunction may be a major contributor to death from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in elderly patients. Other variables with strong predictive potential were age (P less than 0.001), the presence of multiple disease states (P less than 0.01), therapy with multiple drugs (P less than 0.01) and acute stroke or obtundation on admission (P less than 0.01). In general terms the size of the bleed was as significant as the premorbid condition of the patient in predicting the outcome. This, together with the fact that half the patients died of hypovolaemia, suggests that death from upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly is not inevitable and that further reduction in mortality from this cause is attainable. PMID- 3498311 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte activating factor activity (interleukin 1 like activity) and acute phase proteins in pertussis-induced air pouch inflammation by muramyl dipeptide. AB - We have studied the effect of the macrophage activator, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on immune inflammation induced in the rat six day subcutaneous air pouch. Treated animals received either 100 micrograms or 200 micrograms MDP at the time of challenge and twenty four hours before exudate harvest. Using the thymocyte co mitogenic assay for lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), 100 micrograms MDP enhanced LAF activity whereas 200 micrograms caused inhibition. Increased dilution of 200 micrograms exudate in this assay removed this inhibition. Similarly, at the lower dose, MDP caused enhanced production of the acute phase protein alpha 1 glycoprotein, whereas the higher dose had no effect. The present study suggests that macrophage activity can be manipulated in vivo to produce LAF and naturally occurring inhibitors of LAF. These studies indicate that the stimulation of LAF inhibitors by MDP may be a potential therapeutic action. PMID- 3498313 TI - Noninfectious complications of long-term central venous catheters: radiologic evaluation and management. AB - During a 5-year period, 416 long-term double-lumen central venous catheters were inserted into 288 patients. In these patients, 106 catheter venograms and nine upper extremity venograms were performed. All studies were reviewed retrospectively to determine the nature and prevalence of noninfectious catheter related complications, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of streptokinase therapy, and to determine if catheter venography should be performed before streptokinase therapy is started. Noninfectious complications occurred in 66 (23%) patients. Complications that resulted in catheter malfunction included deposition of fibrin around the catheter tip (formation of a fibrin sheath) in 44 (57%) instances, a constricting suture in six, abutment of the catheter tip against the venous wall in eight, catheter leak in two, and migration of the catheter completely out of the vein in three. Venous thrombosis developed in 11 patients. Treatment with low doses of streptokinase successfully relieved catheter obstruction due to a fibrin sheath in 27 (87%) of 31 instances. No bleeding complications occurred. Five patients had malpositioned catheters in the azygous, axillary, or internal jugular veins. By use of a deflector wire or snare inserted via the femoral vein, all five were relocated successfully into the superior vena cava. Recognition of noninfectious complications associated with use of long-term catheters is important for institution of appropriate therapy, which in many instances obviates removal of the catheter. Formation of a fibrin sheath in only 57% of cases of catheter malfunction provides an argument for performing catheter venography before streptokinase therapy is started. Low-dose streptokinase therapy for long-term central venous catheters occluded by a fibrin sheath is safe and efficacious. PMID- 3498312 TI - Comparative studies on the gastrointestinal lesions caused by several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in rats. AB - The gastrointestinal toxicity of a single oral administration of five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) to rats was compared, by a method using 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (RBC), and by macroscopic and microscopic examination. From the profile of gastrointestinal bleeding, the NSAIDs could be divided into a group consisting of aspirin (ASA), oxaprozin (OXP) and 2-[4-(3 methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl]propionic acid (TA), which caused only a transient increase in fecal blood loss based on a gastric lesion, and another group including indomethacin (IM) and ibuprofen (IP), which produced a biphasic increase in the blood loss. The initial phase was caused not only by a gastric lesion but also an intestinal lesion, and the secondary phase originated only in the intestinal lesion. The order of potency causing blood loss was IM much greater than IP greater than ASA much greater than TA greater than OXP. The safety ratio of OXP and TA was shown to be more favorable than that of the other three drugs. PMID- 3498314 TI - CT evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer: influence of the lobar site of the primary neoplasm. AB - Previous reports have shown differences in the ability of CT to detect mediastinal lymph nodes, depending on the precise mediastinal location of the nodes. Poorest correlation between findings on CT and findings at autopsy has been described for left-sided lymph nodes, particularly those in the left peribronchial region (American Thoracic Society node station 10L), suggesting that cancers of the left lung might be less well staged by CT than cancers of the right lung. The relationship between the accuracy of mediastinal lymph node staging and the location of the primary lung cancer was examined in a retrospective study. In 103 patients with non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma who had preoperative CT evaluation of the mediastinum, the accuracy of preoperative staging was 81% for tumors of the right lung (70 patients) and 97% for tumors of the left lung (33 patients). The conclusion is that cancers of the left lung are staged at least as accurately as cancers of the right lung, despite the fact that left-sided mediastinal nodes are depicted more poorly on CT. Subcarinal and crossover (contralateral) nodal metastases and a low prevalence of metastasis involving only region 10L were the most important factors minimizing staging differences based on the site of the primary tumor. PMID- 3498315 TI - CT of interpectoral lymph nodes. AB - The presence of lymph nodes between the pectoralis major and minor muscles (Rotter's nodes) has been noted in the anatomic and surgical literature. We analyzed the appearance of the interpectoral space and nodes on chest CT scans of 25 patients without known chest wall abnormalities or causes for lymphadenopathy. In some of these cases small structures were detected in the interpectoral fat that could be either vessels or nodes. In addition we studied chest CT scans in six patients with interpectoral adenopathy due to metastases from breast cancer. The nodes were oval soft-tissue densities ranging from 1.5 X 1 cm to 3.5 X 3 cm in diameter. PMID- 3498316 TI - Ventricular septal defect: visualization of shunt flow and determination of shunt size by cine MR imaging. AB - Cine MR imaging is a new, fast technique that employs low flip angles, short repetition and echo times, and gradient-refocused echoes. This technique was used in three patients with documented ventricular septal defects (VSDs) to obtain transverse and oblique sections of the heart spanning the cardiac cycle. In all patients, cine MR imaging showed high-velocity turbulent blood flow across the defect as areas of low signal intensity extending from the left ventricle to the right ventricle. In the oblique sections oriented parallel to the interventricular septum it was possible to identify the cross-sectional area of the VSD. Quantification of the left-to-right shunt was performed by comparing left and right ventricular stroke volumes determined from end-diastolic and end systolic volumes of both ventricles. Cine MR imaging provides important functional information and anatomic detail in patients with VSD and may be useful for diagnosis, determination of severity, and noninvasive monitoring of the disease. PMID- 3498318 TI - Strut fracture of a Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis. PMID- 3498317 TI - The anatomy of the pericardial space: a study in cadavers and patients. PMID- 3498319 TI - Dorsal pancreas presenting as a mass in the chest. PMID- 3498320 TI - MR imaging of splenic metastases: ferrite-enhanced detection in rats. AB - Detection of intrasplenic neoplasms using sonography, CT, and scintigraphy is limited by poor inherent tumor-spleen contrast relative to image noise. Despite the wide range of contrast parameters available for MR imaging, similar limitations have been found with this technique. Magnetopharmaceuticals have the ability to enhance tumor-spleen contrast and improve lesion detectability. In this study, a rodent model of cancer metastasized to the spleen was used to evaluate the potential of superparamagnetic ferrite particles as a tissue specific reticuloendothelial contrast agent. Other studies have shown ferrite to have little or no toxicity. Without contrast material, metastatic adenocarcinoma of the spleen could not be distinguished from normal splenic parenchyma on in vivo MR images. At a dose of 50 mumol Fe/kg, the T2 relaxation time of spleen decreased by 77%, while tumor T2 was essentially unchanged (p less than .005). Intrasplenic tumors 4-6 mm in size became readily detectable on in vivo MR images after the administration of ferrite particles. Lesion conspicuity, quantitated by the tumor-spleen contrast-to-noise ratio, showed a 43-fold increase. Ferrite particles show great promise as a contrast agent to enhance the detection of focal splenic lesions. PMID- 3498322 TI - Esophageal mucocele after surgical isolation of the esophagus. PMID- 3498321 TI - Splenic trauma: false-negative CT diagnosis in cases of delayed rupture. PMID- 3498323 TI - Strangulation of the colon caused by an intestinal decompression tube: radiographic findings. PMID- 3498324 TI - Diagnosis of ureteral stump transitional cell carcinoma by CT and MR imaging. PMID- 3498325 TI - CT arthrographic patterns in recurrent glenohumeral instability. AB - CT double-contrast arthrograms were performed on 54 shoulders in 53 patients with recurrent dislocation or subluxation to detect responsible underlying bony or soft-tissue abnormalities. Lesions of the anterior labrum in 52 (96%) of 54 cases and of the capsuloligamentous complex in 42 (78%) of 54 cases were the two most common abnormalities. There was no difference in the degree or number of labral lesions between subluxations and dislocations. However, more severe capsular lesions, subscapularis tendon tears, and widened subscapularis bursae were consistently found among patients with dislocations. Subsequent clinical, arthroscopic, and surgical findings showed that the use of CT double-contrast arthrograms resulted in improved definition of the multiple lesions associated with glenohumeral dysfunction. PMID- 3498326 TI - An unusual form of tibial sarcoidosis. PMID- 3498327 TI - High-resolution CT of the wrist: initial experience with scaphoid disorders and surgical fusions. AB - We performed high-resolution CT scans on 30 wrists in 27 patients with either previous surgical intercarpal fusion or known or suspected scaphoid abnormalities. Most examinations used the same protocol: contiguous 1.5-mm axial sections parallel to the long axis of the body of the scaphoid, small reconstruction circle, and bone reconstruction algorithm. Fifteen patients were evaluated for union of previous surgical carpal fusions; eight patients were evaluated for healing of scaphoid fractures; and the other four patients had miscellaneous disorders, including a midcarpal dislocation with a scaphoid fracture. High-resolution CT clearly showed whether the carpal fusions were united. In addition, metallic fixation devices were easy to locate and did not significantly degrade image quality. Osseous union of healing scaphoid fractures was reliably assessed. We conclude that high-resolution CT of the wrist is a useful method for evaluating surgical carpal fusions and various disorders of the scaphoid. PMID- 3498328 TI - Fluoroscopic identification of torn intercarpal ligaments after injection of contrast material. AB - Wrist arthrography is often used to evaluate the integrity of the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments. This may be difficult when the ligaments are obscured by contrast material in standard radiographic projections, despite filming under fluoroscopic observation during the injection of contrast material. When superimposition occurs, we recommend fluoroscopic positioning of the wrist to optimally visualize the individual ligaments in profile. We applied this technique in performing 240 wrist arthrograms, 88 (37%) of which had scapholunate and/or lunotriquetral ligament tears. As a result, a definite diagnosis of the specific site of ligamentous disruption was possible in all but one case. Using this technique, we also identified six short-segment or "pinhole" ligamentous tears. Identification of commonly interrupted ligaments in profile by using fluoroscopy after contrast material has been injected may allow identification of specific ligamentous disruptions or short-segment tears, as well as a diagnosis of a specific anatomic abnormality that otherwise would not be possible. PMID- 3498329 TI - Hemangiomas of skeletal muscle: MR findings in five patients. AB - Skeletal muscle hemangiomas are uncommon tumors of young adults. More than 90% are misdiagnosed preoperatively. Plain-film examinations, bone scans, CT studies, and angiography may not always be specific for this tumor. Seven MR examinations were performed in five young adult patients with pathologically proved skeletal muscle hemangiomas. All five hemangiomas showed high signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The signal intensity in these tumors was less than that of subcutaneous fat on relatively T1-weighted images and greater than that of fat on relatively T2-weighted images. Four tumors had a serpiginous pattern. Four patients had focal muscle atrophy. Three patients had all three findings (high signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images, serpiginous pattern, and associated focal muscle atrophy) while the other two patients had at least two of the three findings. These three patients did not undergo angiography or needle biopsies before surgery because the MR findings were highly suggestive of hemangioma. Our experience with this small series of patients suggests that skeletal muscle hemangiomas have a consistent appearance on MR. MR may be able to contribute significantly to the preoperative diagnosis of this tumor and may also supply valuable information about the extent of the lesion. PMID- 3498330 TI - Modified use of the tip-deflecting wire in manipulation of foreign bodies. PMID- 3498331 TI - Imaging recommendations for head trauma: a new comprehensive strategy. PMID- 3498332 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck: CT evaluation of nodal and extranodal sites. AB - Forty-five patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the extracranial head and neck who had undergone CT as part of their evaluation were reviewed to assess the impact of CT on clinical management. The sites of tumor deposition were subdivided by location: I, nodal; II, extranodal, lymphatic (Waldeyer's ring); and III, extranodal, extralymphatic (orbit, sinonasal, deep facial spaces, mandible, salivary gland, skin, and larynx). The CT appearance of NHL in each of the three locations was analyzed for characteristic CT signatures. Nodal NHL was suspected when CT showed multiple, large, homogeneous lymph nodes, often in unusual nodal chains of the head and neck. Extranodal, lymphatic NHL of Waldeyer's ring was indistinguishable from squamous cell carcinoma of this area unless synchronous tumor deposit in an extranodal, extralymphatic location was also present. When NHL was in nodes and/or Waldeyer's ring, CT-derived information was of limited clinical value since treatment was unfocused (chemotherapy and/or large-field radiotherapy). The CT appearances of extranodal, extralymphatic NHL was generally not distinguishable from other malignancies of these areas. However, CT-derived information regarding deep-tissue tumor size and extent was critical to planning the radiotherapy ports. PMID- 3498333 TI - "Papilledema": neuroradiologic evaluation of optic disk protrusion with dynamic orbital CT. AB - Current-generation CT scanners enable the visualization in vivo of structures and substructures that were previously unobservable. Certainly the orbit and optic nerve/sheath complex have demonstrated a great number of pathologic and normal anatomic variations. It has been found in patients with elevated intracranial pressure that what was previously thought to be simple papilledema in fact masks a surprisingly large component of optic papilla protrusion. There may be a variable amount of increased intercellular/axonal fluid within the optic disk in patients with increased intracranial pressure; however, a significant factor in the "swollen disk" is the simple transmission of pressure along the optic nerve sheath to the papilla, causing it to bulge. Further investigations with dynamic CT reveal that there is decreased perfusion of the optic disk in the active phase of severe increased intracranial pressure in patients with papilledema and/or protrusion as compared with normal control subjects. This depressed flow pattern seems to originate subacutely and appears to resolve in certain patients after normalization of the elevated pressure. These findings apparently indicate that clinical intervention in cases of intracranial hypertension to restore the hemodynamic status of the optic disk would be timely, and thereby avert irreversible damage. This suggests and supports the theory that increased intracranial pressure may lead to rapid vision loss by the mechanical mechanism of pressure projected directly to the junction of the optic nerve and optic nerve head, leading to decreased perfusion, ischemia, axonal flow stasis, and resultant optic nerve atrophy. PMID- 3498334 TI - MR evaluation of hydrocephalus. AB - An analysis of sagittal T1-weighted MR studies was performed in 23 patients with hydrocephalus, 58 patients with atrophy, and 100 normal patients. The average mamillopontine distance was 1.15 cm for the normal group, 1.2 cm for patients with atrophy, and 7.5 mm for patients with hydrocephalus. A reduction of the mamillopontine distance below 1.0 cm was found in 22 patients with hydrocephalus, 5 patients with atrophy, and 15 normal patients. Dilatation of the anterior third ventricle was noted in 21 patients in the hydrocephalus group and in none of the patients in the atrophy and normal groups. The average thickness of the corpus callosum at the level of the foramen of Monro was 6 mm in normal subjects and was reduced below 6 mm in 16 of the hydrocephalus patients. Smooth elevation of the corpus callosum was noted in 20 hydrocephalus patients, in 2 patients with atrophy, and in none of the normal patients. MR improves the accuracy of diagnosis in patients with hydrocephalus both because of its ability to show small obstructing lesions that are not depicted by CT and because the mass effect of the distended supratentorial ventricles produces anatomic changes that are delineated with precision by MR. PMID- 3498335 TI - MR sequence parameter optimization: an algorithmic approach. AB - The MR pulsing sequence is often described by terms such as spatial resolution, signal-to-noise, coverage, acquisition time, and contrast. These might be considered "secondary" parameters because they are not set directly but are instead specified indirectly by setting the "primary" parameters: field of view; projections (phase-encoded or readout); slice thickness and gap; number of excitations; and the sequence parameter times--repetition, echo delay, and inversion. Together, the primary and secondary parameters specify the MR pulsing sequence. Many of these parameters are interrelated such that setting one parameter indirectly affects another. Parameter specification is thus an iterative procedure that involves compromises to achieve an optimum relative to some predefined criteria. In this article, we examine the interrelationships between the primary and secondary parameters that specify the spin-echo pulsing sequence and suggest an algorithmic approach for selecting the best sequence parameters. PMID- 3498336 TI - Hybrid color MR imaging display. AB - A novel computer-image processing method is described that combines and displays the data from two different MR sequences of the same anatomic slice in a single color image. The pixel intensities from one image are assigned varying spectral hues while the luminance of these hues is derived from the intensities of corresponding pixels of a second spatially aligned image. This technique provides a two-dimensional resolvable contrast scale that may produce images of improved information content. The versatility of the method, termed hybrid color display, is demonstrated by using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, chemical-shift, and gradient recalled-acquisition-into-steady-state (GRASS) images. This technique may facilitate MR interpretation by enhancing anatomic and pathologic conspicuity and by expediting review. PMID- 3498337 TI - Magnetite albumin suspension: a superparamagnetic oral MR contrast agent. AB - Suspensions of magnetite albumin microspheres (MAM), a new biodegradable particulate iron superparamagnetic MR contrast material, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo as an oral contrast agent. MAM is stable over a broad range of pH and tolerates proteolytic enzyme exposure over 24 hr in vitro. MAM possesses a much larger magnetic moment than do paramagnetic contrast agents. The transverse relaxation rate (R2) of MAM can be as much as 40 times the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1). In vitro spectroscopy studies confirm the potency of MAM in promoting T2 relaxation at concentrations of 10-1000 mg/l. Preliminary studies in rabbits and dogs show that in contrast to oral gadolinium-DTPA, which causes increased signal in bowel, MAM causes marked signal loss in the stomach and small bowel on both T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences. Radionuclide labeling studies of MAM suspension with 99mTc show no evidence of absorption of MAM suspension from the gastrointestinal tract in small animals. Superparamagnetic suspensions such as MAM that reduce bowel signal on T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences offer the unique benefit of reducing motion artifacts throughout the gastrointestinal tract, which should allow for improved evaluation of intra- and retroperitoneal diseases, particularly with high-field strength and gradient-echo "fast-scan techniques." Unlike paramagnetic material, MAM appears effective as a small-bowel contrast material. PMID- 3498338 TI - MR imaging of ventilator-dependent patients: preliminary experience. PMID- 3498339 TI - A digital radiology imaging system: description and clinical evaluation. AB - We have successfully interfaced an advanced microcomputer system to a 47-cm image intensifier for direct digital radiology. Our development effort has included the design and construction of hardware and the implementation of software. The system matrix (spatial resolution) is 1024 X 1024 and contrast resolution is 8 bits deep. A receiver-operator-characteristic analysis comparing conventional and digital laser chest radiographs for the detection of lung nodules demonstrated no statistical difference. Dosimetry measurements identified decreased patient dose. The intensifier-based digital imaging system is being increasingly used for a variety of examinations including IV pyelograms, all kinds of barium studies, and skeletal, trauma, and chest studies. Hard-copy laser-printed digital images with "bones black" are preferred by the radiology staff and have been well accepted by referring clinicians. PMID- 3498340 TI - Evaluation of dry silver hard copies in digital radiography. AB - Diagnostic images produced by digital technologies are viewed on video terminals. Hard copies are subsequently made on film for use by radiologists and referring physicians. An alternative is to make prints on paper using "dry silver" technology. These prints are made by a camera that uses silver-coated paper. The paper is developed as it exits the camera and passes over a heating element. Thus dry silver paper is processed "dry," whereas standard film or print paper is processed in a chemical bath. The prints are viewed by reflected rather than transmitted light. We compared the diagnostic quality of the dry silver prints with that of conventional multiformat, transmitted-light images. Radiologists were asked to make diagnoses from both types of images. The results showed that the diagnoses made from the prints were identical to those made from the films. Furthermore, when the images were labeled with the diagnosis, there was no difference between the two formats in the information conveyed to the referring physician. We conclude that dry silver, reflection prints can provide an inexpensive, convenient method of making visual information available on patients' charts. PMID- 3498341 TI - Subdivision of vascular and interventional radiology by organ system. PMID- 3498343 TI - MR imaging: quantitative tissue characterization in pancreatic disease. PMID- 3498342 TI - Detection of pleural effusion on supine chest radiographs. PMID- 3498344 TI - Soft-tissue emphysema associated with epidural anesthesia. PMID- 3498345 TI - Below-knee deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 3498346 TI - Effect of prolonged transit on measuring relative renal function. PMID- 3498347 TI - Diverticulitis and the contrast enema. PMID- 3498348 TI - Coincidental granular cell tumor and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 3498349 TI - Beyond radiology training: a guide to career choice. PMID- 3498350 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--changing status. PMID- 3498351 TI - Demographics of meningitis-induced hearing impairment: implications for immunization of children against Hemophilus influenzae type B. PMID- 3498352 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary edema. AB - Neurogenic pulmonary edema may be a consequence of a number of diverse central nervous system insults, including resection of an acoustic neuroma. Brainstem lesions in particular seem to cause neurogenic pulmonary edema. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in the case of respiratory decompensation following a seizure. PMID- 3498353 TI - Cephalosporin therapy for childhood meningitis. AB - Ampicillin and chloramphenicol have been used for initial empiric therapy of childhood meningitis since the mid-1970s. Problems associated with these drugs include the possibility of chloramphenicol-associated aplastic anemia and the existence of Hemophilus influenzae type b resistance to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Several second- and third-generation cephalosporins have been shown to be as effective as ampicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of childhood meningitis. PMID- 3498354 TI - Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia following cold provocation. AB - Cold is thought to provoke angina in patients with coronary disease either by an increase in myocardial demand or an increase in coronary vascular resistance. We investigated and compared the effects of cold pressor stimulation and symptom limited supine bicycle exercise on regional myocardial perfusion in 35 patients with stable angina and coronary disease and in 10 normal subjects. Regional myocardial perfusion was assessed with positron emission tomography and rubidium 82. Following cold pressor stimulation 24 of 35 patients demonstrated significant abnormalities of regional myocardial perfusion with reduced cation uptake in affected regions of myocardium: 52 +/- 9 to 43 +/- 9 (p less than 0.001 vs normal subjects). Among these 24 patients only nine developed ST depression and only seven had angina. In contrast, 29 of 35 patients underwent supine exercise, and abnormal regional myocardial perfusion occurred in all 29, with a reduction in cation intake from 48 +/- 10 to 43 +/- 14 (p less than 0.001 vs normal subjects). Angina was present in 27 of 29 and ST depression in 25 of 29. Although the absolute decrease in cation uptake was somewhat greater following cold as opposed to exercise, the peak heart rate after cold was significantly lower than that after exercise (82 +/- 12 vs 108 +/- 16 bpm, p less than 0.05). Peak systolic blood pressures after cold and exercise were similar (159 +/- 24 vs 158 +/- 28). Thus, cold produces much more frequent asymptomatic disturbances of regional myocardial perfusion in patients with stable angina and coronary disease than is suggested by pain or ECG changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498355 TI - Disruption of the aortic valve as a result of Hemophilus parainfluenzae. PMID- 3498356 TI - Efficacy of nadolol in preventing supraventricular tachycardia after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - To investigate the efficacy of nadolol in the prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, 148 patients undergoing elective CABG were randomized in double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion to receive either nadolol or placebo. The test medication was started on the first postoperative morning and maintained as a single daily dose for 6 weeks. Aside from routine daily clinical evaluation and postoperative electrocardiographic monitoring, patients underwent 24-hour Holter recording once preoperatively and 3 times postoperatively. Seven patients were excluded from the evaluation of efficacy analysis because of insufficient postoperative data. There were no significant differences between the patients receiving nadolol (n = 67) and those receiving placebo (n = 74) with respect to age, preoperative heart rate, previous medications (including beta blockers), incidence of previous myocardial infarction, frequency of preoperative ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, concomitant valvular heart disease, mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, mean aortic cross-clamp time, use of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia, mean number of bypass grafts placed, postoperative use of inotropic agents and catecholamines and incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction. Analysis of postoperative Holter recordings showed that the heart rate was consistently and significantly higher in the placebo group throughout the period of the study (p less than 0.001). The average number of premature atrial contractions was significantly smaller in the nadolol group (p less than 0.05), and nadolol patients had fewer ventricular premature complexes, couplets and non-sustained ventricular tachycardias during the first week postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498357 TI - Survival of black persons compared with white persons in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). AB - From July 1974 to May 1979, 573 black persons in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) underwent coronary angiography. Compared with 23,008 white persons, larger percentages of black men and women were current smokers and reported a history of systemic hypertension. Despite the presence of chest pain, larger percentages of blacks had normal coronary arteries by angiography than did whites. The 5-year age- and sex-adjusted survival rate was 88% for whites and 82% for blacks (p less than 0.0001). Cox analysis indicated that black race was related to poorer survival in the medical group (p = 0.0006) but not in the surgical group (p = 0.28). For blacks, surgical therapy was related to a better survival rate (p = 0.009). These results raise questions concerning the effects of excess cigarette smoking and systemic hypertension and the role of coronary artery bypass surgery on survival of black persons. PMID- 3498358 TI - Paraproteinemias in homosexual men with HIV infection. Lack of association with abnormal clinical or immunologic findings. AB - During a prospective immunologic study of 130 homosexual men, the authors looked for the presence of paraprotein bands in serum by electrophoresis. Antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was present in 65 of the 130 men, the lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) in 26, and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 3. Abnormal bands were detected in the serum of six men, as single paraproteins in four and as oligoclonal bands in two. All six were seropositive for anti-HIV; one has LAS, two had persistent but minor lymphadenopathy, and three were apparently normal. There was no significant difference between the T cell subsets or ratios between those seropositive men with or without paraproteins. This high incidence of paraproteins is another accompaniment of B cell hyperactivation in persons infected with HIV. PMID- 3498359 TI - Evaluation of Hemophilus type B systemic isolates for beta-lactamase and non-beta lactamase mediated ampicillin resistance and for susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents. AB - Of 175 recent Minnesota Hemophilus influenzae type b isolates from systemic disease, 43 were found to be resistant to ampicillin (greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/mL [mg/L]), each of which produced beta-lactamase. Of the 132 ampicillin-susceptible isolates, 68 (52%), all beta-lactamase negative, had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of either 1 or 2 micrograms/mL (mg/L), indicating relative resistance if derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infections. From a review of the literature, and in agreement with the authors findings, ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-negative isolates are rare and are likely to be nontypeable, of respiratory origin, and with MICs in the low resistance range. For the 43 ampicillin-resistant isolates, percentages resistant to other agents were as follows: 0% chloramphenicol, 0% rifampin, 6% tetracycline, 0% trimeprim-sulfamethoxazole, 2% cefamandole, 5% cefaclor, 2% moxalactam, and 0% for the remaining third-generation cephalosporins cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftizoxime. Unlike ampicillin-resistant isolates, 100% of ampicillin-susceptible isolates had relatively low cefaclor MICs of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/mL (mg/L), suggesting a relatively increased H. influenzae beta-lactamase effect on cefaclor in comparison with the other cephalosporins tested. PMID- 3498360 TI - Parafollicular B lymphocytes. PMID- 3498361 TI - Haemophilus influenzae non-type b infections in children. AB - During a four-year surveillance period in a tertiary care children's hospital, nine children experienced 11 episodes of Haemophilus influenzae non-type b invasive infections, representing 9% of all invasive H influenzae infections. Of these nine children, two had lymphoproliferative disorders; one had immunoglobulin subclass deficiency; one had severe congenital heart disease, with chronic heart failure; two had cerebrospinal fluid leaks; and two were premature neonates whose mothers had prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes. Only one child had no evidence of an underlying condition that might predispose him to infection with these ordinarily nonpathogenic organisms. Three of the isolates were serotype f, one was serotype e, and the remaining seven were nontypable, with types a through f antisera. Thus, the majority of children experiencing invasive H influenzae non-type b infections appear to have a predisposing medical condition. To aid in detecting these unusual infections, all H influenzae isolates from otherwise sterile body sites should be serotyped, and those children with non-type b isolates should be evaluated for a possible predisposing underlying illness. PMID- 3498362 TI - Septic arthritis in childhood. A 13-year review. AB - Medical records of 111 children discharged with the diagnosis of septic arthritis from 1973 through 1985 were examined; 122 infected joints were identified. Bacteria were isolated from joint fluid of 75 patients and from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, cervix, bone, or wounds of 16. No agent was isolated from 20 patients, of whom eight had been pretreated with antibiotics. The knee and hip were most often affected overall (73/122), although the ankle was as frequently involved with Haemophilus influenzae type b (6/20). Eighty patients' condition resolved with no sequelae; 18 were unavailable for follow-up. Of the 13 patients with permanent sequelae, ten had had hip joint infections. Although Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from patients of all ages, H influenzae type b was the most frequent pathogen in children 6 through 59 months of age. PMID- 3498363 TI - Fatness and fat patterns: associations with plasma lipids and blood pressures in adults, 18 to 57 years of age. AB - As a part of the Fels Body Composition Study (an extension of the Fels Longitudinal Study in Yellow Springs, Ohio), the hypothesis was examined that a centripetal fat pattern, characterized by a greater proportion of trunkal than extremity adiposity, was associated independent of age and per cent body fat with levels of plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterols and blood pressures. A cross sectional sample of 303 white men and women, 18 to 57 years of age, measured between September 1976 and August 1979, was selected without regard to diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity. The degree of centripetal adipose tissue distribution was indexed by the logarithm of the ratio of the subscapular to lateral calf skinfold thicknesses. Per cent body fat was estimated by densitometry. In multiple regression equations controlling for age, age2, and per cent body fat, centripetal fat pattern had a small but significant positive association with systolic blood pressure in men (R2 = 0.02, p less than 0.05). In women, centripetal fat pattern had small but significant positive associations with plasma triglycerides (R2 = 0.05, p less than 0.005), and a significant negative association with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 0.08, p less than 0.0005) after effects due to age, age2, and per cent body fat had been removed. Centripetal fat patterns appear to be associated with an "atherogenic" lipid profile in women, but the association in men is confounded with effects due to age and total body adiposity. PMID- 3498365 TI - Enhancement of maternal and neonatal natural killer cell activity with interleukin-2. AB - Natural killer cell activity, which is vital to the immune surveillance against viruses and tumor cells, is significantly lower in the newborn infant than in the mother. Incubation of maternal and cord blood lymphocytes with interleukin-2 significantly increases natural killer activity in both. The increase is substantially greater in the cord blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3498364 TI - Changes in alcohol, cigarette, and recreational drug use during pregnancy: implications for intervention. AB - From the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, a regional epidemiologic study of congenital cardiovascular malformations, 1,336 mothers of infants selected as controls (a representative sample of the area birth cohort enrolled between April 1, 1981 and September 1, 1984) were studied with respect to alcohol, cigarette, and recreational drug use prior to and during pregnancy. Nearly half of the 1,336 women abstained from any substance use during pregnancy. Of the remainder, half restricted substance use to only alcohol or cigarettes. Only cigarette smokers showed a majority (68.5%) of women failing to successfully quit during pregnancy. Cigarette and recreational drug use during pregnancy was associated with lower socioeconomic status, while alcohol use was associated with higher social status. Cessation of cigarette and recreational drug use was more common among professionals and the college-educated, but these same characteristics, along with higher income, were associated with failure to quit drinking. Younger women were less likely to use alcohol and cigarettes and more likely to successfully quit these habits once adopted. Use of alcohol and tobacco was greater among whites, and recreational drug use was greater among black women, but race was not associated with quitting use of any substance. Length of time trying to become pregnant and the mother's perceived health were not found to be associated with substance use or quitting. This sociodemographic profile suggests subgroups which must be targeted for intervention by the prenatal care provider, as well as intervention strategies. PMID- 3498366 TI - Clinical features of a newly recognized type of lattice corneal dystrophy. AB - We examined five patients with an undescribed type of lattice corneal dystrophy. All patients were in the seventh to ninth decades of life and had developed decreasing vision late in life. None of the patients had suffered from recurrent epithelial erosions, there was no overt evidence of systemic amyloidosis, and the lattice lines were much thicker than those usually observed in lattice corneal dystrophy types I and II. Available pedigree data from two families of three patients indicated that the corneal disorder affected several siblings but not the parents or offspring. Two patients had no affected family members. There was no known consanguinity in any of the four families. PMID- 3498367 TI - Histopathologic and immunochemical features of lattice corneal dystrophy type III. AB - We examined seven corneas from five patients with a new form of lattice corneal dystrophy (designated lattice corneal dystrophy type III) by light and electron microscopy. Numerous amyloid deposits were scattered throughout the corneal stroma, some of which were much larger than those usually observed in either lattice corneal dystrophy type I or II; these were located predominantly midway between the epithelium and the endothelium. Image analysis disclosed that the cross-sectional size of the large stromal amyloid deposits was significantly greater than those in age-matched patients with lattice corneal dystrophy type I. All patients had a discontinuous band of amyloid (15 to 25 micron wide) in the superficial stroma beneath Bowman's layer, which usually had only one or two small disruptions. Descemet's membrane and the endothelium were normal. The stromal deposits, which were composed of 10-nm diameter fibrils typical of amyloid, stained positively with Congo red after the histologic sections were pretreated with dilute potassium permanganate. Immunohistochemical studies on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue indicated that only some deposits reacted weakly with antibodies to amyloid protein AA. The deposits stained positively with antibodies to protein AP and negatively with antibodies to kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains. PMID- 3498369 TI - Workshop: direct electrical stimulation of the inner ear for the relief of tinnitus. PMID- 3498368 TI - MHC-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing of dissociated sympathetic neuronal cultures. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine whether neurons in culture can serve as targets for immunologic attack mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which recognize Class I antigens. Allogeneic C3H/He primary neuronal cultures were quickly destroyed after CTL addition, while syngeneic C57BL/6J neurons were not lysed. Alterations in the distribution of chromatin were the first ultrastructural changes that occurred, followed by loss of nuclear morphology, cytosolic changes, and eventually fragmentation of both the nucleus and cytosol. With Campenot chambers, it was possible to separate the membrane and nuclear lesions. CTLs exposed to neurites, but separated from the cell body by the chamber barrier, caused degeneration of neurites but did not cause lysis and cell death. Neuronal lysis mediated by antibody and complement appeared to be distinct from CTL-mediated lysis. These experiments demonstrate that neurons in culture are targets for MHC-specific CTLs, and therefore probably express functional levels of Class I antigens. The signal for killing by CTLs is not retrogradely transported from the neurite to the cell body, and morphologic events following CTL-neuron interaction resemble those that occur in dividing tumor target cell populations. PMID- 3498370 TI - Long-latency growth-promoting activity of EGF when administered to mice at the neonatal stage. AB - The effect of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (Bh-EGF) as well as mouse EGF on postnatal development of mice of ICR strain was examined. Daily administration of Bh-EGF (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram X g body wt-1 X day-1) for 30 consecutive days postpartum caused a clearly dose-dependent increase in their body weight. Furthermore, in addition to the well-known premature eyelid opening and early tooth eruption, we have also observed precocious opening of the vagina among treated females. As far as the accelerated growth rate as reflected in their body weight gain was concerned, daily administration for only five consecutive days postpartum was just as effective as the above noted 30 consecutive daily injections. As to the precocious vaginal opening, however, the susceptible 5-day-period was found to be 14-18 days after the parturition. Some of those treated females also entered the estrous cycle precociously, a few days after the precocious opening of their vagina. The microscopic examination of various organs from treated males and females revealed no apparent pathological changes. As far as the above noted effects of EGF were concerned, Bh-EGF, which is xenogenic to mice, was as potent as mouse EGF. PMID- 3498371 TI - Prevalence of specific suicidal behaviors in a high school sample. AB - Of 380 high school students who completed an anonymous survey concerned with their experience with suicidal behavior, 60% reported that they had thought about killing themselves. These thoughts varied with respect to persistence and planfulness. Almost 9% reported that they had actually made at least one attempt to kill themselves and over half of the suicide attempters reported at least two attempts. Fewer than half of the attempters reached the attention of mental health professionals. The data on family history of suicidal behavior suggest that the suicidal ideators and the suicide attempters represent overlapping groups. PMID- 3498372 TI - Treatment of an anorexia nervosa patient with fluoxetine. PMID- 3498373 TI - Alcohol and body weight in United States adults. AB - Alcohol contributes more than 10 per cent of the total caloric intake of adult drinkers in the United States. However, the effect of alcohol on body weight has not been adequately studied in the general population. The association between weight and frequency of alcohol consumption was examined in two national cross sectional surveys: the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANESII; n = 10,929) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys (BRFS; n = 18,388). Linear multiple regression was used to estimate the independent effect of alcohol on weight, adjusting for smoking, age, diet practices, physical activity, race, education, and height. Among men, alcohol had only a slight effect on weight in either survey. However, among women, alcohol was associated with a substantial reduction in weight, which was as large as the effect of smoking. Compared with nondrinkers, women who consumed alcohol 7-13 times per week had the greatest reduction in weight: -3.6 kg (95% confidence limits [CL] = -5.6, -1.5 kg) in HANESII and -3.2 kg (95% CL = -4.9, -1.5 kg) in BRFS. Alcohol confounded the association between smoking and weight, and among women it accounted for nearly 45 per cent of the weight-lowering effect of smoking. Alcohol also diminished the weight-lowering effect of smoking in men, while in women the smoking effect was slightly enhanced. Further studies are needed to understand the causal mechanisms by which alcohol is associated with body weight. PMID- 3498374 TI - Cutaneous myiasis. Immunohistologic and ultrastructural morphometric features of a human botfly lesion. AB - This study documents the immunohistologic and ultrastructural morphometric features of a case of cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis. The mixed host inflammatory response surrounding the larvae included lymphoblasts, eosinophils, activated fibroblasts, mature histiocytes, mast cells, plasma cells, and Langerhans cells, indicating a complex interactive immunologic response to the botfly parasite. Immunotyping revealed that the dominant dermal cells were activated (Ia+) T-helper cells. Although the strikingly elevated T-helper/T suppressor cell ratio might suggest a monoclonal infiltrate, a mixture of Leu 8+ and Leu 8- T-cells indicates both immunoregulatory subsets of T-helper cells as found in a reactive process. Furthermore, our ultrastructural histogram found the lymphoid nuclear shapes were oval with few nuclear invaginations as found in inflammatory infiltrates. As indicated by electron microscopy, there were abundant activated fibroblasts elaborating collagen which may relate to larval containment. PMID- 3498375 TI - [Nitrous oxide: modification of the hemodynamics in patients with coronary heart disease]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of 70%, 50% and 30% N2O--compared to 100% O2--were studied in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The measurements-performed after an equilibration phase of 10 minutes--were made preoperatively but after induction of anaesthesia with 0.3 mg/kg bw etomidate, 0.01 mg/kg bw fentanyl and 0.1 mg/kg bw pancuronium bromide. In relation to N2O concentrations, mean arterial pressure (-4.8%), total systemic resistance (-7.9%) and stroke volume index (-6.4%) decreased moderately, whereas the cardiac index remained unchanged and the heart rate increased (+9.7). Total pulmonary vascular resistance was always within the physiological range, as were the triple index and the rate pressure product. In patients with coronary heart disease cardiovascular functions are compromised in close relation to the degree of the underlying disease. In accordance with other investigators, nitrous oxide should not be used in patients with impaired left ventricular function because of the possibility of deterioration of myocardial function. In such cases, amnesia should be achieved by means of other agents. PMID- 3498376 TI - Accidental intra-arterial injection of propofol. PMID- 3498377 TI - [Intracranial pressure in patients with craniocerebral trauma after administration of propofol and thiopental]. AB - Propofol (Disoprivan) is a rapid and effective hypnotic comparable with etomidate. Up to now, the effects on intracranial pressure (ICP) have only rarely been investigated, especially in cases with pre-existing increased ICP [4, 18]. The aim of this study was the evaluation of ICP after i.v. propofol administration in comparison with thiopental. Method. Five patients were studied, all of whom had had isolated head trauma. All were on controlled ventilation and were unconscious. Depending on the result of computer tomography, an epidural pressure transducer was implanted. ICP, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured before and 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after 1 mg/kg propofol; subsequently 2 mg/kg thiopental were administered and the same parameters documented. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were calculated. Results. ICP decreased in all five cases 5 min after the initial values were measured. Two patients showed an ICP decrease after thiopental. BP was reduced markedly by propofol and very slightly by thiopental. The CPP showed a small decrease in four patients after propofol and in two after thiopental. Conclusions. The data now available permit the conclusion that both propofol and thiopental can be used in patients with possibly elevated ICP. The marked cardiovascular side effects of propofol must be taken into consideration. PMID- 3498378 TI - [Complement activation following head and brain trauma]. AB - The prognosis for a patient with a severe head injury is dependent not only upon the location and the degree of this trauma, but also upon additional complications. For example, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can occur because of the thromboplastic activity of the damaged brain tissue that enters the circulation. The complement (C) system is activated by certain enzymes that cleave the clotting factors. Therefore, after head injuries we searched for C activation because it could result in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients and methods. We had two groups of patients: (1) 23 with large destruction and (2) 13 with little destruction of the brain tissue. Eighteen patients in group 1 and 8 in group 2 had isolated brain trauma. Blood samples were taken--upon arrival at the hospital and then 1, 3, 7, 12, 24, and 48 h later; after that we took weekly blood samples up to the completion of their treatment in the intensive care unit. We measured the total hemolytic serum C activity (CH50), activation of alternative pathway hemolysis (APH50), cleavage products C3a and C3d, and total protein. Furthermore, we studied the coagulation parameters of the extrinsic (prothrombin time) and intrinsic (partial thromboplastin time) pathways and fibrinogen content. From the patients records we extracted clinical parameters such as neurological status, intracranial pressure, pathological details on computer tomography hemoglobin and arterial alveolar oxygen difference. Results. Figure 1 shows the different reactions of the C system in both groups: while patients of group 1 suffered from a decrease in total and alternative hemolytic activity, the other group increases in both parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498380 TI - [Percutaneous electrostimulation analgesia in pain syndromes]. PMID- 3498381 TI - [A case of successful restoration of cardiac rhythm in a child by frequent transesophageal stimulation of the atria]. PMID- 3498379 TI - [Total oxygen consumption as a criterion of adequacy of premedication]. PMID- 3498382 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in patients during transportation from the operating room after open-heart surgery]. PMID- 3498383 TI - Exercise radionuclide assessment of left ventricular function before and after coronary bypass surgery. AB - The effects of elective saphenous vein coronary artery bypass surgery on left ventricular ejection fraction were assessed by using exercise first-pass radionuclide angiography in 66 consecutive patients. All patients with left main coronary artery or concomitant valvular disease were eliminated from the study. Before surgery, 7 patients had normal postexercise left ventricular function (Group 1), 33 had normal resting left ventricular function with an abnormal response to exercise (Group 2), and 26 had an abnormal resting left ventricular ejection fraction with an abnormal response to exercise (Group 3). Following surgery, patients in all three groups had no change in mean resting left ventricular ejection fraction; however, patients in Groups 2 and 3 had significant improvement in mean postexercise left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.0001 and p less than 0.0054 respectively), whereas patients in Group 1 did not. Previous studies reported improvement in postexercise ejection fraction in patients with reduced resting left ventricular function and with an ischemic response to exercise (Group 3). But this is the first study to confirm improvement in postexercise function in patients with normal resting function and an ischemic response to exercise (Group 2). PMID- 3498384 TI - [Symposium on propofol (Diprivan). Prague, 30-31 January 1987. Proceedings]. PMID- 3498385 TI - [Propofol]. PMID- 3498386 TI - [Respiratory effects of propofol]. AB - Like other general anaesthetics, propofol exerts a respiratory depressant effect. Apnoea is especially frequent during induction of anaesthesia by propofol; it differs from that caused by barbiturates by its longer duration. During continuous administration, propofol exerts the same effect on respiratory function as other general anaesthetics, with an increased respiratory rate, diminished tidal volume and hypercapnia. PMID- 3498387 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the continuous infusion of propofol in the cirrhotic patient. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3498388 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of propofol]. AB - The new form of propofol gives the same haemodynamic effects as the old one (propofol diluted in cremophor EL). There are few experimental studies concerning the haemodynamic effects of propofol. In the dwarf pig, Glen and Turner found a fall in arterial blood pressure and peripheral resistances, whilst the heart rate and cardiac output rose. In man, studies have shown that propofol gives haemodynamic effects similar to the other intravenous anaesthetic drugs, and especially thiopentone. In subjects with a healthy heart, and for doses included between 1.5 and 2.5 mg X kg-1, propofol gave a 25 to 30% fall in arterial blood pressure. There are also a 20% fall in peripheral resistances and a small fall (10%) in cardiac output. Blood pressure returned to its initial level 3 to 5 min after the injection. The heart rate was not much changed, and rather slowed, perhaps because of central vagotonia. When propofol was used to maintain anaesthesia, either by repeat injections, or by infusion, with the patient breathing spontaneously and not undergoing painful stimuli, blood pressure and heart rate remained steady within 55 to 65% of their initial values. Propofol appeared to avoid to some extent the increase in blood pressure and heart rate seen during intubation. When propofol and fentanyl were used together, the cardiovascular effects were more pronounced than when they were used alone. Moreover, propofol appeared to limit to a large extent the hypertension due to intubation and sternotomy in patients undergoing aorto-coronary arterial graft surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498390 TI - [Use of propofol in anesthesia in cardiac surgery. Preliminary results]. AB - Nine patients, all NYHA class III and IV, who were to undergo surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, were divided into two groups. All nine were premedicated with 2 mg flunitrazepam orally 90 min before surgery. Group A consisted in five men, mean age 53 years (extremes: 43 and 73), with no significant difference in weight and body surface area, who were to undergo aortic valve replacement (2), mitral valve replacement (2), and aortic and mitral valve replacement (1). They were given 1.5 mg X kg-1 propofol as a bolus at induction, followed by an infusion of 50 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 propofol. Group B consisted in four patients, two men and two women, mean age 60 years (extremes: 49 and 76), with no significant difference in weight and body surface area, who were to undergo aortic valve replacement (3) and corrective surgery for left ventricular aneurysm (1). They were given 2 mg X kg-1 propofol as a bolus at induction, followed by an infusion of 100 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 propofol. All the patients were intubated after 0.1 mg X kg-1 pancuronium; they were given 10 micrograms X kg-1 before intubation and 10 micrograms X kg-1 before skin incision. Repeat doses of fentanyl and pancuronium were given as required. The haemodynamic parameters studied were: heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, central venous pressure, mean pulmonary pressure, wedge pressure, and cardiac output measured by thermodilution. The following indices were calculated: cardiac index, systolic index, right and left systolic work indices, and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498389 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of propofol used alone for the induction of anesthesia]. AB - Haemodynamic effects of propofol were studied during induction of anaesthesia, in 20 patients undergoing abdominal aortic replacement. Eight of them suffered from coronary arterial disease. Propofol was used at a dose of 2 mg X kg-1. During 5 min after propofol administration, no drug was administered. Neither plasma expansion nor tracheal intubation were carried out. Haemodynamic changes were: 17% decrease in systolic arterial pressure, and 13% decrease in diastolic arterial pressure, associated with a 12% decrease in cardiac output and 7% decrease in systemic vascular resistances; no change in heart rate in spite of the decrease in arterial pressure; and a mild increase in diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure. Left ventricular systolic work and rate pressure product decreased, suggesting a favourable incidence in coronary disease by lowering myocardial oxygen consumption. Nevertheless, it must be considered that, in the group studied, patients with coronary disease receiving beta-blocking drugs were excluded. So, mild haemodynamic changes observed here have to be confirmed in patients suffering from more severe coronary arterial disease. PMID- 3498391 TI - [Effect of propofol on left ventricular function in the coronary patient. Combined isotopic and hemodynamic studies]. AB - The present study investigated the effects of propofol (P) as sole anaesthetic agent of left ventricular (LV) function using gated radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) in unpremedicated patients with chronic coronary arterial disease (CAD). After informed consent, seven ASA 111 patients (51-74 yr) undergoing major urologic surgery took part in this study. All patients suffered from documented angina pectoris secondary to CAD. None gave a history of congestive heart failure or valvular heart disease. No patients were premedicated, but all received their chronic medications (nifedipine and isosorbide) up to and including the morning of surgery. The study was performed in the Nuclear Medicine Laboratory just before surgery. Heart rate (HR) was obtained from standard limb lead II of the ECG. A 7.5 F thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheter and a radial artery cannula were inserted under local anaesthesia. All patients were studied by RNV using red blood cells (RBC) labelled in vivo with 99m-technetium (Tc). A first RBC-Tc preparation containing 2-3 mCi f Tc was counted 10 cm from a gamma-camera. A first-pass study was carried out in the left anterior oblique position following the bolus i.v. injection of the source, allowing the evaluation of the isotopic dilution cardiac output (COiso) and the attenuation factor (F). Then, a second RBC-Tc preparation containing 20-25 mCi of Tc was injected intravenously. At equilibrium, 16 ECG-synchronized frames were acquired by computer for processing. Mean end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) counts, left ventricular-end diastolic and systolic areas and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated every 1.5 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498393 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of propofol used as an induction agent in ASA III patients. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3498392 TI - [Propofol or ketamine in anesthesia of the very old patient. Study of the hemodynamic effects during induction]. AB - The haemodynamic changes following anaesthesia for hip surgery in 16 very old ASA II or III patients (mean age 85.8 +/- 5 years) were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: group I 1 mg X kg-1 propofol, group II 1.5 mg X kg-1 ketamine. After injection, the patients were left spontaneously breathing oxygen, and were assisted when apneic. Haemodynamic measures with a Swan-Ganz catheter and thermodilution cardiac output calculator were made before and 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 min after anaesthetic induction. The two groups were similar in age, weight and mean arterial pressure, but statistically different for some haemodynamic parameters (Ppa, Ppw, CI). In group I, arterial pressure fell significantly (-17%) in the first minute and continued to fall (-15%) until the 15th min. Heart rate remained unchanged: right atrial and pulmonary pressures were not changed; cardiac index fell slightly and MVO2 estimated by the triple product fell (-27%) as soon as propofol was infused. There was no clinical sign of cardiac failure. In group II, arterial pressure increased significantly, and heart rate decreased; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased (+93% after the 3rd min) and cardiac index was unchanged. The ventricular function curve was shifted to the right, suggesting a decrease in inotropism. Systemic vascular resistances were steady. MVO2 increased twofold, mainly due to the rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498394 TI - [Propofol in the surgery of the aortic bifurcation. Comparison with isoflurane]. AB - Two groups of nine patients each, all undergoing surgery for aorto-bifemoral prosthesis, were studied. They were premedicated with 10 mg morphine and 1 mg flunitrazepam. A Swan-Ganz catheter was then inserted. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution. Haemodynamic parameters were measured before induction (t0), 15 min after intubation (t1), 10 min after the start of the surgical procedure (t2), 5 min before clamping the aorta (t3), whilst the aorta was clamped (t4), and a few minutes after unclamping. Group A received 2 mg X kg 1 propofol at induction, anaesthesia being maintained with 100 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 propofol. Group B received 4 mg X kg-1 thiopentone, followed by isoflurane at the dose of 0.9 vol. %. Both groups received 5 micrograms X kg-1 fentanyl and 0.1 mg X kg-1 vecuronium to ease intubation. Artificial respiration was carried out with a mixture of 40% oxygen and 60% nitrous oxide. The fall in blood pressure between t2 and t3 was significantly more important in the propofol group (-16%). In the same group, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate fell by 23 and 19% respectively after induction (p less than 0.05); the cardiac index fell by 20% and the systemic vascular resistances did not change. The fall in blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac index were not significant for group B. The haemodynamic changes due to clamping of the aorta were not significant between or within groups. In group A, one patient presented with bradycardia, hypotension and myocardial ischaemia, and another died of postoperative ventricular fibrillation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498395 TI - [Effect of the rate of injection of propofol on blood pressure and heart rate]. AB - This work aimed to confirm the lack of haemodynamic effect due to the speed of injecting propofol during induction of anaesthesia. Thirty young unpremedicated ASA I patients were studied. They were randomly assigned to three groups. Induction was carried out with a single dose of 2.5 mg X kg-1 propofol, at three different speeds of injection (15, 30 and 45 s for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively). Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded before injection and every 45 s after the end of the injection of propofol with a Doppler recorder. Statistical analysis of data was performed with Tukey's test. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressures decreased in all cases. There was an increase in heart rate which was not statistically different from control. There were no statistically significant differences between the median falls in blood pressure between groups. PMID- 3498396 TI - [Electroencephalographic impact of propofol anesthesia]. AB - Two groups of patients were studied. In group A, propofol was used alone, given by repeat injections of 2.5 mg X kg-1 in 30 s, in 5 patients undergoing percutaneous thermocoagulation of the Vth cranial nerve. In group B, a series of 12 patients undergoing lumbar disc hernia surgery, propofol was given as a bolus of 2.5 mg X kg-1 in 60 s followed by an infusion of 7 to 12 mg X kg-1 X h-1 together with vecuronium and fentanyl. The EEG recording was carried out during the whole length of anaesthesia and for 1 h after its end. The recordings were all stereotyped, within five successive phases: the awake physiological pattern (phase 0) was desynchronized a mean 52 s after the start of the propofol injection; it was followed by an increase in amplitude of the alpha rhythm (phase I); within a mean of 132 s were seen phases II to V. Phase V corresponded to surgical anaesthesia and could be kept up by a rate of infusion of 9 mg X kg-1 X h-1 propofol. An increase in this rate gave rise to burst suppressions which lasted as much as 15 s or more, and disappeared very quickly when the infusion rate was slowed. After stopping the anaesthesia, the EEG phases were quickly reversed, V to 0: in a mean of 11.1 min, the EEG pattern had returned to the awake state (extremes 4.3 to 19 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498397 TI - [Passage of propofol in the colostrum. Preliminary data]. AB - So as to ascertain whether propofol passed into human milk, a study was carried out in five women who had undergone general anaesthesia with propofol in the puerperium. Concentrations of propofol were measured both in plasma and colostrum. The results showed clearly the excretion of propofol in the colostrum, and the similar time-courses of propofol levels in the blood and colostrum; the ratio of concentrations blood:colostrum was close to 1. PMID- 3498398 TI - [Propofol as an induction agent in pediatric anesthesia. A preliminary clinical study]. PMID- 3498399 TI - [Recovery after anesthesia with propofol in otorhinolaryngologic surgery of brief duration]. AB - This study was designed to assess recovery from total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol for short ENT procedures. Twenty-six patients (ASA I and II) were assigned to two groups of thirteen: one breathed air (Laser laryngeal microsurgery), the second N2O-O2 (FIO2 : 0.5) (various ENT procedures). The induction sequence was exactly the same for both groups: oral premedication with 10 mg diazepam one hour before surgery, I mg pancuronium bromide, 2 micrograms X kg-1 fentanyl, denitrogenation within 3 min, after which propofol was delivered (2.5 mg X kg-1). When the eye-lash reflex had disappeared (time recorded), 1.5 mg X kg-1 suxamethonium was given and laryngotracheal intubation carried out. A continuous infusion of propofol (9 mg X kg-1 X h-1) was started. Surgery began 5 +/- 2 min after the start of propofol infusion. The durations of anaesthesia, surgery and propofol infusion were similar in both groups. To have good surgical conditions, it was necessary to give repeated doses of propofol for 15 patients. Thus, the total dose of propofol was significatively different between the two groups: 24.5 +/- 6.7 mg X kg-1 X h-1 in group "air" versus 16 +/- 3.6 mg X kg-1 X h-1 in group "N2O-O2" (p less than 0.001). Extubation occurred within 16 +/- 8 min in group "air", being more rapid in group "N2O-O2" (11 +/- 9 min; no significant difference). Recovery was assessed with two psychomotor tests: choice reaction time (CRT) and tracing test (TT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498400 TI - [Comparative study of anesthesia and recovery with propofol and enflurane in cervical surgery]. AB - The recovery times and the state of postoperative awakening were studied after anaesthesia with propofol or enflurane. The forty patients who were to undergo surgery for cold thyroid nodules were divided into two homogeneous groups which were similar in age, sex, weight and length of surgery. In one group, induction was carried out with propofol, fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, and maintained with 9 mg X kg-1 X h-1 propofol. In the other group, this was done with thiopentone, fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, followed by 0.8% enflurane. Repeat injections of fentanyl were given as required. The time between stopping giving the anaesthetic drug and eye opening was measured, as well as the performance in memorizing and sorting numbers; these two tests were carried out before and 2 h after surgery. The overall results did not show any differences between the two groups in recovery time or quality of awakening. In the propofol group, recovery time and quality were better than in the enflurane group if the patient was less than 50 years old or surgery lasted less than 100 min. In the propofol group, there were significant correlations between recovery time and age (r = 0.83), and between recovery time and duration of surgery (r = 0.87). The doses of this new product should therefore be modified according to the age of the patient and the length of surgery. PMID- 3498401 TI - [Comparison of propofol and methohexital for dental and maxillofacial surgery]. AB - A prospective study has been undertaken to compare a new intravenous anaesthetic agent, propofol, to methohexitone in 40 ASA I or II patients aged between 18 and 50 years undergoing maxillo-facial surgery and divided into two groups. Intramuscular premedication was standardized for all patients. In group I, propofol 2 mg X kg-1 was injected over 1 min in a peripheral venous line with fentanyl 0.86 microgram X kg-1, followed by an infusion of propofol 5 mg X kg-1 X h-1 and fentanyl 3 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1. In group II, the fentanyl dosage was the same as in group I, whilst methohexitone 3 mg X kg-1 was given for induction and 4.5 mg X kg-1 X h-1 for maintenance of anaesthesia. The following were recorded during induction, maintenance and recovery; haemodynamic parameters using a non invasive method; respiratory parameters; quality of anaesthesia; side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test and qualitative analysis using the Schwartz comparison test at 2%. The following results were found: the quality of anaesthesia with propofol was superior to that of methohexitone during the three stages of anaesthesia. The duration of induction was similar in both groups, but the quality of induction (occurrence of more minor side-effects; p less than 0.05) and intubation was in favour of propofol (p less than 0.05). During maintenance, stability of anaesthesia and a lesser incidence of side-effects were again in favour of the propofol group, in which a slower rate was also found (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498402 TI - [Propofol versus propanidid for the conduction of suspension laryngoscopy]. AB - Forty patients who where to undergo suspension laryngoscopy were randomly assigned to two groups, the first receiving 1 microgram . kg-1 fentanyl and a bolus of 2.5 mg . kg-1 propofol followed by 5 to 10 mg . kg-1 . h-1 propofol infusion, and the second 1 microgram . kg-1 fentanyl and 0.2 mg . kg-1 flunitrazepam with 8 mg . kg-1 propanidid in a bolus followed by 40 to 50 mg . kg 1 propanidid infusion. The following parameters were studied: length of apnoea, quality of anaesthesia, the time between stopping giving the anaesthetic and the moment when the patient opens the eyes, gives his name and date of birth, the heart rate, the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, blood gases, before induction, during suspension and at stopping the infusion. Anaesthetic quality was the same for both protocols, and the variations of the haemodynamic parameters were very similar for both groups. Apnoea lasted twice as long with propofol as with the flunitrazepam-propanidid association (p less than 0.001), whereas recovery was twice as quick (p less than 0.001). This seemed to confirm that propofol is better indicated for this type of surgery than the previously used flunitrazepam-propanidid association. PMID- 3498403 TI - [Comparison of the clinical effects of propofol and methohexital in induced abortion]. AB - The clinical effects of propofol and methohexitone were compared in a group of 59 women undergoing abortion under general anaesthesia. At induction, the premedicated patients were given 2.5 mg . kg-1 propofol or methohexitone, followed by 1 mg . kg-1 fentanyl; if necessary, extra bolus doses of hypnotic were given. Hiccups and other movements were more frequent with methohexitone. There was no difference between the two groups as for injection pain and apnoea. The quicker recovery with propofol, with a mean of 2 min less, even when extra doses were given, could be explained by the pharmacokinetics of the drug. However, the quality of recovery in either group was satisfactory for short length anaesthesia. PMID- 3498404 TI - [Effects of propofol on intraocular pressure during the induction of anesthesia]. AB - A study of variations in intraocular pressure during anaesthetic induction with propofol was carried out in 20 patients. There were compared with the effects caused by thiopentone. The intraocular pressure fell by 50%; this was very significant. Besides, a more important fall in blood pressure was seen with propofol (congruent to 15%) than with thiopentone (less than 10%). Complete recovery was faster after an anaesthesia with propofol. This drug seemed to be particularly interesting in ophthalmologic anaesthesia in elderly people. PMID- 3498405 TI - [Use of propofol in ophthalmological anesthesia in elderly patients]. AB - Forty patients more than 65 years old were anaesthetized with propofol for cataract surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: those intubated after topical oropharyngeal anaesthesia and those intubated after muscle relaxation obtained with suxamethonium. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were carried out with 2.5 mg . kg-1 and 4 mg . kg-1 . h-1 respectively. Concurrent use of muscle relaxants had no effect on the action and characteristics of the general anaesthesia or recovery. Relative bradycardia (7%) and arterial hypotension (25%) occurred rapidly following induction and continued during the entire period of anaesthesia despite the systematic infusion of 500 ml of electrolyte solutions. Recovery was extremely rapid. The original Glasgow score was obtained within 20 min. The only negative side-effects were generally late occurring (4-6 h): postanaesthetic nausea or vomiting. Otherwise, tolerance was excellent. Use of propofol was ideal for this type of surgery due to its strong and durable ocular hypotensive effect. PMID- 3498406 TI - [Propofol in urological endoscopy in elderly patients. Comparison with methohexital]. AB - Twenty patients undergoing cystoscopy (group A) and forty patients undergoing transurethral resection (group B), aged more than 65 years, were anaesthetized. Duration of anaesthesia was less than 15 min for cystoscopy, and more than 30 min for transurethral resection. No premedication was given. The patients were ASA I or ASA II. Group A patients were allocated randomly to receive either 1.5 mg . kg 1 propofol (n = 10) or 2 mg . kg-1 methohexitone (n = 10) for induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained using incremental doses of propofol or methohexitone and 60% N2O with a face-mask. Forty group B patients undergoing transurethral resection were randomly assigned to four equal groups (PB: propofol 1.5 mg . kg-1; MB: methohexitone 2 mg . kg-1; PF: propofol and 1.5 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl; PFV: propofol, 2 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl and 0.1 mg . kg-1 vecuronium). Suxamethonium (1 mg . kg-1; groups PB, MB and PF) and vecuronium (0.1 mg . kg-1; group PFV) were given to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained by infusion of propofol or methohexitone, using a calibrated pump started immediately after intubation. Ventilation was controlled only in group PFV. Induction with 1.5 mg . kg-1 propofol resulted in stopping counting after 62 s and loss of the eye-lash reflex after 84 s versus 47 and 67 s respectively with methohexitone. The anaesthesist's assessment was favourable for cystoscopy with propofol and methohexitone; recovery times were similar for the two drugs in cystoscopy lasting less than 30 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498407 TI - [Anesthesia for arthroscopy of the knee: propofol versus thiopental and halothane]. AB - Sixty ASA I or II patients, who underwent general anaesthesia for arthroscopy of the knee, were separated into two groups. Induction was performed either with thiopentone 7 mg . kg-1 (group I) or with propofol 2.5 mg . kg-1 (group II). All patients were intubated and ventilated. Dextromoramide was used as analgesic. Maintenance of anaesthesia was obtained with halothane inhalation (group I) or by continuous automatic injection of propofol at a dose of 9 mg . kg-1 . h-1 (group II). Induction and maintenance were satisfactory in both groups. Pulse rate was stable at induction and intubation for the propofol group, whereas it increased at both stages of anaesthesia with thiopentone; it fell moderately in both groups afterwards. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures dropped more in the propofol group after induction, with a maximum decrease of 20%. Recovery was significantly more rapid and comfortable with propofol than with thiopentone. PMID- 3498409 TI - [Sedation with high epidural anesthesia in digestive surgery. Propofol versus flunitrazepam-enflurane]. PMID- 3498408 TI - [Use of propofol or enflurane as a nitrous oxide replacement agent for the maintenance of general anesthesia. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3498410 TI - [Propofol and alcoholism]. PMID- 3498411 TI - [Prolonged sedation with propofol in resuscitation. Recovery and pharmacokinetic study. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3498412 TI - [Sedation by constant-rate propofol in the head-injured patient. Preliminary results]. AB - In ten head injured patients, propofol was used as a sedative drug during 8 h (3 mg . kg-1 . h-1). Clinical sedation was good, without any incidence on the cerebral perfusion pressure. 14 min after stopping the propofol infusion, the results of clinical examination were similar to those found before sedation. PMID- 3498413 TI - [Complement activation in extracorporeal circulation. Comparison of nylon versus polyester bubble oxygenators]. AB - Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass is well known and may influence postoperative morbidity. As nylon can particularly induce complement activation, its influence was assessed by measuring total haemolytic complement and B, C3 and C4 factors, during cardiopulmonary bypass with bubble oxygenators for coronary surgery, comparing "nylon" circuits (20 patients, Bentley BOS 10) versus "polyester" circuits (19 patients, Shiley S 100 A). Complement activation began with induction of anaesthesia and surgical procedures, B, C3 and C4 levels falling significantly (respectively 15, 17 and 20% from baseline values). The alternative pathway was activated before the classical pathway. Complement activation continued during cardiopulmonary bypass, with no more consumption of complement factors (slight variations of about 0 to 3% of the levels found after anaesthetic induction and surgical procedures). No statistically significant difference appeared between the two groups. This suggested that nylon did not significantly increase complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. The bubble oxygenator material cannot therefore be considered as a criterion for choosing the type of equipment. PMID- 3498414 TI - Asthma, asthmalike symptoms, chronic bronchitis, and the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in epidemiologic surveys. AB - Measurement of bronchial hyperresponsiveness has been suggested to be a useful test in identifying subjects with asthma in epidemiologic groups. We explored the association between the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, respiratory symptoms suggestive of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and various definitions of asthma based upon information obtained from a questionnaire. We determined bronchial hyperresponsiveness by methacholine inhalation test, administered a standardized respiratory questionnaire, and performed spirometry on 1,392 male workers in various industries: 229 (16.5%) had PC20 less than 8 mg/ml, 66 (4.7%) had PC20 less than 2 mg/ml, and 8 (0.6%) had PC20 less than 0.5 mg/ml. Only 760 workers had no respiratory symptoms; no workers with PC20 less than or equal to 0.5 mg/ml, 31.0% of workers with PC20 greater than 0.5 but less than or equal to 2 mg/ml, and 38.0% of workers with PC20 greater than 2 but less than or equal to 8 mg/ml had no chest symptoms. Those reporting wheeze or breathlessness, and especially those with both symptoms, were significantly more likely to have bronchial hyperresponsiveness with a low PC20. The reporting of chest tightness did not influence this relationship, and there was no difference between the occurrence of "wheeze without a cold" and "persistent wheeze." Although there was a stronger association of PC20 less than or equal to 2 mg/ml with asthma than with chronic bronchitis, the association of PC20 greater than 2 and less than or equal to 8 mg/ml was not different with asthma than with chronic bronchitis. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was more closely associated with asthma than with any asthmalike symptoms ascertained by a questionnaire developed for the study of chronic bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498415 TI - Acute effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on the functional activity of alpha-1 protease inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of normal subjects. AB - Nitrogen dioxide is one form of an oxidizing free radical that is sufficiently stable to exist in relatively high concentrations in ambient air and cigarette smoke. We examined the effect of NO2 exposure on the functional activity against pancreatic elastase of alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1PI) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of nonsmoking subjects. Ten nonsmokers (mean age, 25 +/- 2 SE yr) were exposed to NO2 (3 or 4 ppm) for 3 h with intermittent exercise. Seven nonsmokers (mean age, 24 +/- 2 SE yr) underwent a similar protocol but were exposed to NO2-free air and served as control subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 3.5 to 4 h after the end of exposure. Exposure to NO2 caused a 45% decrease in functional activity of alpha 1PI in BAL. There was no significant difference in immunoreactive alpha 1PI between the groups whether expressed as micrograms per 100 ml of recovered fluid or per milligram of albumin. This inactivation of alpha 1PI was not associated with any neutrophil migration into the air spaces of the lung. The "elastaselike" activity of BAL using synthetic elastinlike chromophore substrate succinyl-trialanine-nitroanilide showed no significant difference between the NO2-exposed group (221 +/- 39 SE ng/dl BAL) and the control group (196 +/- 61 SE ng/dl BAL). Assay for human leukocyte elastase (HLE) in concentrated BAL using the synthetic substrate Methoxysuc-Ala3 Pro-Val-aminomethylcoumarin did not detect any HLE activity in the BAL. These results showed that nonsmoking subjects exposed to relatively low concentrations of NO2 for a short time have a significant inactivation of alpha 1PI in the lower respiratory tract fluid than did nonsmoking control subjects. PMID- 3498417 TI - [Infantile tuberculosis. Short treatment]. PMID- 3498416 TI - Metachromatic cell progenitors and specific growth and differentiation factors in human nasal mucosa and polyps. AB - We previously demonstrated that fluctuations in circulating metachromatic cell progenitors were inversely related to nasal metachromatic cell (NMC) counts and nasal symptoms in allergic rhinitis. Now, we have quantitated NMC progenitors and lineage-specific growth factors using a hemopoietic colony assay. Cell suspensions from excised collagenase-treated nasal polyps (n = 7) contained 3.8 +/- 1.1 granulocyte colony-forming cells per 10(6) cells plated, compared to less than or equal to 0.5 in human tonsil suspensions, less than or equal to 0.5 in nasal mucosal epithelial scrapings, and 33 +/- 8 in peripheral blood of patients with ragweed allergic rhinitis (p less than 0.01). The percentage of metachromatic cells in nasal-polyp-derived colonies was 47 +/- 10 compared with 3.0 +/- 0.7 in peripheral blood colonies (p less than 0.005). Highly potent metachromatic cell colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was detected in supernatants from cultured human nasal epithelial scrapings from both polyps and atopic nasal mucosa, but not from nonatopic nasal mucosa. Supernatants from polyp mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin also contained metachromatic cell-CSA, which had an approximate molecular size of 25 to 70,000 daltons on column chromatography. An IL-3-like activity was also detected in these supernatants. These observations provide further evidence for in situ hemopoietic mechanisms in human nasal mucosa, involving epithelium-derived stimulation of local metachromatic cell progenitor growth and differentiation in allergic rhinitis. PMID- 3498418 TI - Inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A pilot study. AB - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for the treatment of patients with mild Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. DESIGN: Open, nonrandomized pilot study; measurement of pentamidine concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PATIENTS: Of 22 men with mild P. carinii pneumonia (PO2 greater than or equal to 55 mm Hg), 15 (9 in the inhaled group and 6 in the intravenous group) received treatment for their first episode and 7 for a repeat episode. INTERVENTIONS: Pentamidine isethionate, 4 mg/kg body weight by inhalation, or 3 mg/kg intravenously, was given once daily, as long as clinically indicated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 13 patients in the inhaled group, 9 has a satisfactory response; and of the 10 in the reduced-dose intravenous group, 9 had a satisfactory response. Major adverse reactions occurred in two patients in each group. Three patients in the inhaled group appeared to have had early relapses. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of pentamidine ranged between 16.8 +/- 7.3 ng/mL and 149.7 +/- 38.2 ng/mL in the inhaled group and 3.4 +/- 0.2 ng/mL and 10.9 ng/mL in the intravenous group. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine may be an effective and less toxic therapy for mild P. carinii pneumonia. These regimens are not recommended for general use until larger controlled trials are conducted. PMID- 3498419 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activate quiescent inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Four patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease had prompt exacerbations when given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can have noxious effects on the distal intestine as well as on the proximal gut. Eight previous cases of exacerbation of ulcerative colitis have been reported, as have instances of de-novo colitis and ileitis in persons treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs who did not have preexisting inflammatory bowel disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingestion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. These drugs should be administered to patients with inflammatory bowel disease only after consideration of their possible harmful effects. PMID- 3498420 TI - Wegener granulomatosis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3498421 TI - [Surgical therapy of duodenal ulcer today]. PMID- 3498422 TI - [Digestive hemorrhages in cirrhotic patients. Their etiopathogenetic definition and choice of therapy]. PMID- 3498423 TI - [Antiphospholipid antibodies in a series of 25 cases of lupus without antinuclear antibodies. Comparison with a series of 91 lupus patients with antinuclear antibodies]. AB - Twenty-five patients with at least 3 of 1982 ARA criteria of SLE but without the ANA, were compared with 91 patients with 4 or more of the ARA criteria of lupus with positive ANA. The ANA-negative group was characterised by the low incidence of skin involvement, serous effusions and alopecia, and a relatively high incidence of thrombocytopaenia and venous and arterial thrombosis. Three types of antiphospholipid antibodies were looked for: the VDRL, antiprothrombinase and anticardiolipin antibodies by an immuno-enzymatic method. The VDRL was the only antibody which was significantly commoner in the ANA-negative group. Statistical studies showed that the three methods of demonstrating antiphospholipid antibodies detected crossed but not identical specificities. In the ANA-positive group only the antiprothrombinase was associated with a high incidence of venous thrombosis and stroke. In the ANA-negative group, only the anticardiolipin antibodies were associated with a high incidence of arterial or venous thrombosis. Two subgroups may be identified in the group of ANA-negative lupus patients: firstly, those with high anticardiolipin antibody titres with a high incidence of thrombotic and haematological complications, and, secondly, patients with low anticardiolipin antibody levels with a high incidence of cutaneous involvement, serous effusions and Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 3498424 TI - [SP1-glycoprotein and beta-HCG during the first trimester in physiological, ectopic and abortive pregnancies]. PMID- 3498425 TI - [Simple method of risk calculation in X-linked diseases]. AB - The estimation of genetic risks in X-linked recessive disorders is a special case of Bayesian approach to probability calculation. Computing directly an estimation of the inverse of the risk is easier in this particular situation of only two mutually exclusive hypothesis: this function can be written in the form T = 1 + (To -1) X R, where R is a product of likehood ratios. The ratio of two probability density function represent a single factor, which is more manipulatable than the two components of the classical method. PMID- 3498426 TI - From oocyte to embryo: a model, deduced from in vitro fertilization, for natural selection against chromosome abnormalities. AB - A cytogenetical analysis was performed on 151 unfertilized oocytes, 22 fertilized eggs at the pronuclear stage, and 108 cleaved embryos obtained in the course of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Thirty-two per cent of unfertilized oocytes were abnormal, carrying nullisomies or disomies, mainly of D and G chromosomes, and a structural anomaly (Gq-) in one case. Fertilized eggs showed frequent asynchronism in the development of pronuclei and only 2 out of 8 karyotyped pronuclei were normal. Cleaved embryos were classified according to the number of pronuclei observed 17 hours after insemination. One per cent displayed a single pronucleus, and haploid chromosome complements were found in the corresponding cleaved embryos which were considered to be parthenotes. The rate of chromosome abnormalities of diploid eggs depended on their morphological aspect. Healthy cleaved embryos carried 12.5% of anomalies while this rate reached 37% in fragmented embryos (p less than 0.05). Lastly, 6% of fertilized eggs displayed three pronuclei or more. Only 41% of the corresponding embryos were triploid. Diploidy or diploidtriploid mosaicism were often encountered. This leads to a 21% rate of abnormalities in the preimplantation embryos. Parental karyotyping and HLA typing were carried out in a series of eight couples with in vitro idiopathic infertility or recurrent embryo degeneration in vitro. No abnormality was noted. According to these results, a model of natural selection of normal conceptuses is proposed. PMID- 3498427 TI - [De novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2: 46,XXX,del(2)(q14q21), associated with premature craniosynostosis]. AB - A female newborn with premature cranial synostosis and facial dysmorphism including bulging forehead, hypertelorism, downward slanting palpebral fissures, low set ears and a short nose with broad flattened nasal bridge, was shown to have the karyotype 46,XX,del(2)(q14q21). We suggest that the appearance of isolated or associated premature fusion of cranial sutures is related to a structural alteration of the long arm of chromosome 2. PMID- 3498428 TI - Cytogenetics and acute non lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The authors report haematologic and cytogenetic data from 47 patients with ANLL, demonstrating the usefulness of cytogenetic studies for the classification as well as for the prognosis of this disorder. Chromosome studies also permitted the classification of marrow cellularity in: all diploid metaphases (NN), diploid and aneuploid metaphases (AN), and all aneuploid metaphases (AA). The remission rate for patients in whom only normal metaphases were detected (NN patients) was 83% while the remission rates were 67% and 33% respectively for patients in whom both normal and abnormal metaphases were seen (AN patients) and for those in whom only abnormal metaphases were noted (AA patients). In all FAB subgroups, complete remission was related to chromosomal abnormalities, except for M4 patients who evidenced a large number of complete remissions, although presenting more chromosomal abnormalities. The longer survival in this subgroup may be related to rearrangements of chromosome 16, which is associated with a better prognosis. PMID- 3498429 TI - Partial duplication 8p due to interstitial duplication: inv dup(8)(p21.1----p22). Further delineation of the phenotype from birth to adulthood. AB - We report on 2 patients, less than age 5 years, and one adult patient with partial duplication 8p, due to interstitial duplication of bands 8p21.1-22. The phenotype in young and adult patients with this chromosomal unbalance syndrome is further documented. In young patients the craniofacial manifestations are very similar to trisomy 8 mosaicism. However, mental retardation is much more pronounced in 8p21-22 duplication than in trisomy 8 mosaicism. The phenotypic changes observed in adult patients are probably secondary and they are due to the great neurologic deficit with generalized spasticity and hypertonia. PMID- 3498430 TI - [Molecular diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Current data]. AB - Carrier diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker's muscular dystrophy (BMD) has become possible using some twenty RFLPs detected by more than a dozen Xp21 probes that are either intragenic or flanking the disease locus. Results from familial studies on 88 DMD and BM families stress important considerations concerning a priori and final risks, individuals necessary for the identification of the phase, and the different strategies that can be applied, regardless of whether the study concerns an on-going pregnancy or a carrier-status determination, and whether the patient is at high or low risk. Finally, multiple sources of difficulties in interpreting the results depend on a) the occurrence of new mutations that must be traced; b) the existence of meiotic recombination; c) the necessity, in some instances, of relying upon the sole identification of the paternal X. These considerations emphasize the characteristics and the important limitations of this type of methodology. PMID- 3498431 TI - Burkitt-type ALL with variant t(2;8) and complex additional rearrangements at diagnosis. AB - We describe a case of Burkitt-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L3 according to the classification FAB) with a variant t(2;8)(p12;q24) and additional chromosomal abnormalities at diagnosis. The karyotype was 47,X,Xq+,t(2;8)(p12;q24),7q+,12p+,+mar. The literature on chromosome rearrangements associated with t(2;8) in L3 leukemias has been reviewed. PMID- 3498432 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. AB - A female patient with an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 is described. Her growth and psychomotor development were normal. She showed some facial dysmorphic features including cleft lip/palate, a probable cardiac defect and a triphalangeal thumb. A clinical correlation with similar cases is presented. PMID- 3498434 TI - [A simple rapid method of culturing chorionic villi. Identification and description of maternal cells in culture]. AB - Chorionic villi cell cultures is a complement to direct chromosome analysis. It is indispensable for the determination of certain enzymatic activities. A rapid, simple and reliable method of culture is described which allows height quality karyotyping in a week. Confusion with maternal cells is a possible source of error. The authors identified and described these maternal cell types. PMID- 3498435 TI - In vivo labeling of blood T cells: rapid traffic into cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. AB - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In MS patients being treated with anti-T11, a murine monoclonal antibody which recognizes the sheep red blood cell receptor, it was found that peripheral blood T cells were labeled in vivo by the antibody. Furthermore, anti-T11 did not lyse cells or enter the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In CSF specimens obtained by serial lumbar punctures from patients with progressive MS who received five daily infusions of anti-T11, 70 +/- 12% of the T cells had mouse antibody bound to their surface by 72 to 96 hours. No in vivo staining of CSF T cells was observed in patients infused with anti-T4, a murine monoclonal antibody that was not found to label T cells in vivo. These results demonstrate that there is rapid movement of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood to the CNS in patients with progressive MS. This rapid trafficking of T cells suggests that the ongoing pathological process within the CNS may be closely linked to the peripheral immune system and may have implications for the monitoring and treatment of MS. PMID- 3498436 TI - Leakage of beta-lactamase: a second mechanism for antibiotic potentiation by amdinocillin. AB - Discrepancies were observed between results of different beta-lactamase induction tests with amdinocillin, which appeared to be a strong inducer in whole-cell assays but a weak inducer in assays with cell-free sonic extracts. Results of a nitrocephin-disk test with constitutive beta-lactamase producers indicated that the positive results obtained in whole-cell assays were due to drug-produced leakage of enzyme from the cell and not to induction. Imipenem was also found to cause leakage of beta-lactamase from a similar number of constitutive enzyme producers, while cefoxitin was much less likely to cause leakage. A split-dose regimen was employed to treat mice infected with a strain of Enterobacter cloacae which appeared to leak enzyme on exposure to amdinocillin. Results indicated that prior treatment with amdinocillin significantly enhanced (P less than 0.025) the efficacy of azlocillin, an enzyme-labile drug, but did not affect the efficacy of cefotaxime, a relatively enzyme-stable drug. Conversely, prior treatment with amdinocillin did not potentiate the efficacy of either azlocillin or cefotaxime in the treatment of mice infected with an Escherichia coli strain that was highly susceptible to all three drugs. Thus, it appears that amdinocillin may potentiate the activity of other beta-lactam drugs not only by binding to a complementary penicillin-binding protein but also by causing leakage of beta-lactamase from the cell. This effect may be related to its ability to bind to penicillin-binding protein 2 and subsequently produce changes in outer membrane permeability. PMID- 3498433 TI - Complex chromosome rearrangement in a retarded girl with malformations. AB - An apparently balanced unusual chromosome rearrangement involving chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 is reported in a 13 months old girl with multiple malformations and mental retardation. PMID- 3498437 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of CGP 31608, a new penem antibiotic. AB - The in vitro activity of a new penem antimicrobial agent, CGP 31608, was compared with those of imipenem, SCH 34343, and several other antimicrobial agents against approximately 600 bacterial isolates. CGP 31608 was active against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MIC for 90% of the isolates [MIC90], 0.25 microgram/ml) and penicillin-susceptible streptococci (MIC90s, less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml). Penicillin resistant streptococci (including enterococci) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were more resistant to the penem. Activities of CGP 31608 against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were remarkably uniform, with MIC90s of 8 to 16 micrograms/ml. CGP 31608 was at least as active as imipenem and ceftazidime and more active than piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drug activity was not influenced by the presence of any of 10 plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. Against strains of Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and P. aeruginosa with derepressible chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases, the presence of cefoxitin did not induce increased resistance to CGP 31608. The new drug was also active against anaerobes (MIC90s, 0.25 to 8 micrograms/ml), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90s, 0.5 to 1.0 micrograms/ml), and Legionella spp. (MIC90, 2 micrograms/ml). CGP 31608 showed an antibacterial spectrum similar to those of imipenem and SCH 34343 (except that the latter is not active against P. aeruginosa) but was generally less potent than these drugs. However, CGP 31608 demonstrated more activity (MIC90) than imipenem against P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. PMID- 3498438 TI - In vitro susceptibility of 96 Capnocytophaga strains, including a beta-lactamase producer, to new beta-lactam antibiotics and six quinolones. AB - The in vitro activities of new beta-lactam antibiotics and new quinolones were studied against 96 Capnocytophaga strains, including a beta-lactamase-producing strain which was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, and cefamandole. All strains were susceptible to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, ureidopenicillins, cefoxitin, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and imipenem. Cephalothin and cefamandole did not show good activity against most strains. All Capnocytophaga spp. were uniformly susceptible to the five new quinolones tested. PMID- 3498439 TI - T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in regressing atypical histiocytosis. AB - A case of regressing atypical histiocytosis having characteristic clinical and light microscopic findings was studied immunologically for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangement and for DNA ploidy analysis. Immunologic phenotyping and rearrangement of T-cell receptor Beta- and gamma-chain genes indicated that this primary cutaneous neoplasm, previously considered "histiocytic" in origin, is most probably of T-cell lineage. PMID- 3498440 TI - Association of progressive systemic scleroderma to several HLA-B and HLA-DR alleles. AB - The HLA-A, B, C, and DR loci of 136 patients with progressive systemic scleroderma have been determined. The patients were classified according to the extent of their skin affection and into groups with or without immunologic and inflammatory signs of the disease. The antigens of the A locus did not show any significant deviations in frequency of occurrence. An increase of HLA-B8 and HLA DR3 was only proved in the male patient group. Furthermore, in the HLA-DR gene locus, an increase in frequency of HLA-DR1, 2, 3, and 5 could be found. However, in the total set of patients, only the correlation of HLA-DR5 with progressive systemic scleroderma reached significance. Patients suffering from the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophagus, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) syndrome showed an increase of HLA-DR1. Patients with inflammatory signs of the scleroderma showed an accumulation of HLA-DR2. Several HLA-linked genes control the susceptibility to scleroderma. PMID- 3498441 TI - Syringomatous hyperplasia and eccrine squamous syringometaplasia associated with benoxaprofen therapy. AB - Two patients are described, each of whom developed multiple eruptive lesions on sun-exposed areas within days after starting benoxaprofen therapy. The lesions were 2- to 5-mm papules suggestive of syringomas, and microscopically showed squamous metaplasia of eccrine ducts and focal necrosis of eccrine keratinocytes as well as prominent eccrine hyperplasia. In both cases, the lesions resolved completely after benoxaprofen therapy was discontinued. A theoretical basis for these findings is discussed. PMID- 3498442 TI - Perforating granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunohistologic evaluation of the cellular infiltrate. AB - The inflammatory infiltrate found in the lesions of perforating granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was analyzed. Double labeling with fluorescent antibody tags fluorescein isothiocyanate-Leu 4 (peripheral T cells) and phycoerythrin-Leu 2a (cytotoxic/suppressor) revealed the infiltrate to consist predominantly of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. This finding is a reflection of the patient's altered immune status and calls into question the role of specific T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. PMID- 3498443 TI - Vaccination and cot deaths in perspective. AB - In 1985 twin boys simultaneously succumbed to sudden unexpected deaths two to three hours after vaccination with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine (DTP). This occurrence again raises the question of whether an association of sudden infant death (SID) with vaccination is other than temporal. Taking the incidence of SID in conjunction with rates of infant vaccination in the United Kingdom, nine infants would be expected to die, each year by chance alone, suddenly within 24 hours of (and within each 24 hour period succeeding) vaccination with DTP. Twins are at a greater risk of SID than single born infants and occasionally are found dead together. A number of studies into DTP vaccination as a risk factor in SID have shown that SID is less common in vaccinated than in unvaccinated infants. PMID- 3498444 TI - A continuous T-cell line from a patient with Sezary syndrome. AB - A continuous cell line, Se-Ax, from a patient with Sezary syndrome has been established. The Se-Ax cell line is IL-2 dependent, requires human serum for permanent growth, and has the following phenotype: CD1-, CD2+, CD3+, CD4-, CD5-, CD8-, CD20-, CD25+; it expresses the T9, T10, and HLA-DR antigens. This cell line reveals multiple chromosome aberrations as seen in the most abundant abnormal clone in peripheral blood. Therefore, it is not unlikely that it derives from tumor cells. A putative cytotoxic cell line derived from the same patient has only weak killer-cell activity against the autologous permanent cell line: this CD8+ cytotoxic cell line has a 14q+ chromosomal marker. The fact that the patient demonstrated no natural killer-cell or activated killer-cell activity against the Se-Ax cell line may in part explain the successful establishment of the continuous cell line from bulk culture. PMID- 3498445 TI - Effect of UVB radiation on the biosynthesis of HLA-DR antigens. AB - HLA-DR molecules on the surface of immunocompetent cells are thought to represent target structures for the immunomodulating effects of UV radiation during the induction of an immune response. We therefore investigated the effect of UVB radiation on the de novo synthesis of HLA-DR-gamma-chains in the cytoplasm and the expression of alpha- and beta-chains on the surface of the human lymphoblastoid B-cell line Raji. Raji cells were UVB irradiated before biochemical experiments were performed. Cells were then metabolically labeled or radioiodinated and detergent lysates immunoprecipitated using antibodies directed against the gamma- or the alpha- and beta-chain of the HLA-DR molecule. Over a wide dose range, UVB-irradiated Raji cells were shown to still express HLA-DR determinants on their surface and, even more importantly, to be capable of synthesizing HLA-DR-alpha, beta- and gamma-chains in a normal fashion. Despite this, the functional capacity of Raji cells was impaired in a dose-dependent manner. UV radiation thus seems to exert its immunomodulating effects primarily at a different level than the incriminated immune-response-associated antigens, which are expressed as recognition structures on the surface of immunocompetent cells. PMID- 3498446 TI - Measurement of anti-DNA antibodies: a reappraisal using five different methods. AB - One hundred and thirty coded sera, 60 from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 70 from patients with other autoimmune rheumatic diseases were tested for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding activity by five different types of assay. These were enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (distinguishing IgG and IgM anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA), Crithidia luciliae, a nitrocellulose filter assay, the Amersham kit, and another modified Farr assay, the radioimmunoassay (RIA) (UK). The Crithidia test was the most specific, none of the controls was positive, but the least sensitive (13% positive only). The RIA (UK) was the most sensitive (57% positive). In most of the assays 3-9% of the controls were positive. When the SLE sera were analysed according to disease activity the IgG anti-dsDNA ELISA, all three RIA values, and the Crithidia test values were raised in all the patients with severely active disease. Some patients with inactive disease, however, were positive in each of the tests. The best interassay correlations (r less than 0.49) were found between RIA (UK), and ss IgG and the Amersham kit; and between ds IgG and ss IgG. In the main, however, it was clear that different assays are dependent upon distinctive properties of DNA antibodies. It seems inevitable that most major rheumatology units will require more than one anti-DNA antibody assay. PMID- 3498448 TI - Plasma von Willebrand factor in connective tissue disease. PMID- 3498450 TI - Low risk of vertebral fracture in Mexican American women. AB - Ethnicity is important in assessing risk for osteoporotic fractures, and should be considered in decision-making about the use of prophylactic treatments. Few data are available, however, on fracture risks among Hispanic patients. To assess the risk of vertebral fracture in Mexican Americans, we determined the prevalence of vertebral fracture among 822 patients, aged 15 to 86 years, who underwent spinal roentgenography in a study of low-back pain. After adjusting for age, use of steroids, drug or alcohol abuse, and recent trauma, the odds ratio for Mexican American women compared with non-Hispanic whites was 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.95), indicating a substantially lower risk. These results are concordant with earlier data documenting a reduced risk of hip fracture among Mexican American women. Thus, recommendations for prophylactic treatments for osteoporosis may be different for Mexican Americans than for non-Hispanic whites. PMID- 3498449 TI - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on T cells and their subpopulations. AB - To investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on T cells, lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood and lymphoid organs were monitored during and after open-heart surgery (Group 1). As a control, lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood were measured in patients undergoing thoracovascular operations without CPB (Group 2). In Group 1, analysis of each subset-to-total lymphocyte ratio revealed that observed lymphocytopenia in the early postoperative days was mainly the result of T cell reduction, and that the decrease of helper/inducer T cells contributed to this decrease. In contrast, no significant fluctuation of any lymphocyte subpopulation ratio was observed in Group 2. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulation ratios in lymphoid organs showed that reciprocal changes of T cells and their subsets were observed in the bone marrow, thus indicating that the redistribution of T cells (especially of helper/inducer cells) seems to occur between peripheral blood and bone marrow in Group 1. Furthermore, there was no relationship between serum cortisol levels and the changes in lymphocyte subset ratios in Group 1 patients. PMID- 3498447 TI - HLA-DR antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with specificity of autoantibody responses to nuclear antigens. AB - HLA-DR antigens and autoantibodies to the nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, and RNP were determined in North American and Austrian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Analysis of the association of antibodies to these ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protein antigens with HLA-DR antigens showed that HLA-DR3 was related to the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB, or both. In contrast, anti-Sm or anti-RNP, or both were associated with HLA-DR4. HLA-DR5 was associated with absence of these autoantibodies. The data extend evidence for the complexity and heterogeneity of SLE. Moreover, they indicate that, in SLE, genes linked to those coding for HLA-DR antigens, are related to the specificity of autoantibody responses rather than to the primary immunological abnormalities of this disorder. PMID- 3498451 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hospitalization for gastroesophageal bleeding in the elderly. AB - Hospitalization because of bleeding from the stomach or esophagus occurred 4.8 times per million person-days among persons over 64 years of age who filled a prescription for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) within 90 days of hospitalization, and 3.4 times per million person-days among nonusers of NSAIDs over 64 years of age at the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle. The NSAID users included those who had used these drugs on a long-term basis as well as those who were recent users only. The observed difference in rates (1.3 hospitalizations per million person-days; 95% confidence interval, -0.2 to 3.4 hospitalizations per million person-days) is incompatible with any major increase in the frequency of hospitalization for gastroesophageal bleeding in the elderly. No single NSAID appeared to carry an exceptional risk. Both chance and uncontrollable selection factors could provide plausible explanations for the small rate differences observed between users and nonusers. PMID- 3498452 TI - Six-month prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles. AB - The current prevalence of DSM-III psychiatric disorders was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) as part of a Los Angeles household population survey. The Los Angeles prevalence estimates were compared with sex- and age adjusted estimates from four other US field sites, all of which were part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program. Overall, few significant differences in household population rates were found between Los Angeles and the other ECA sites. Within the Los Angeles household sample, the current prevalence of disorder among Mexican Americans was compared with that among non-Hispanic whites. Non-Hispanic whites had higher rates of drug abuse/dependence than Mexican Americans; the rates among non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles were also higher than those found at other ECA sites. Mexican Americans displayed higher rates of severe cognitive impairment, a finding that likely reflects ethnic and educational bias in the measurement of cognitive impairment. Another ethnic difference was found only for one specific age and sex group: Mexican-American women 40 years of age or older had strikingly high rates of phobia. PMID- 3498453 TI - Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles. AB - The lifetime prevalence of specific DSM-III-defined psychiatric disorders among 1243 Mexican-American and 1309 non-Hispanic white residents of two Los Angeles communities is reported from the Los Angeles site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) research study. Results from household interviews in response to the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule revealed overall rates of disorders for the total Los Angeles sample and ethnic subsamples that were similar to rates reported from the initial three ECA sites. Non Hispanic whites reported far more drug abuse/dependence and more major depressive episodes than Mexican Americans. Young non-Hispanic white women reported high rates of major depressive episodes and drug abuse/dependence. Alcohol abuse/dependence is highly prevalent among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white men of any age. Mexican-American women infrequently abuse or become dependent on drugs or alcohol at any age. Dysthymia, panic disorder, and phobia are somewhat more prevalent among Mexican-American women over 40 years of age compared with both non-Hispanic white women over and Mexican-American women under 40 years of age. Antisocial personality is predominantly a disorder of young men of both ethnic groups. PMID- 3498454 TI - Somatization in the community. AB - We examined the prevalence of somatization disorder symptoms elicited with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule in 3132 community respondents interviewed in Los Angeles by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. The variables age, gender, ethnic background, and the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis significantly influenced the number of somatization symptoms reported. An introductory review on conceptual and nosological aspects of somatization phenomena led to the formulation of a less-restrictive operational definition of the somatizer. We found that 4.4% of the respondents met criteria for this abridged cutoff score of somatization, whereas only 0.03% of the respondents met criteria for the full DSM III somatization disorder diagnosis. This abridged cutoff score was associated with sociodemographic factors and psychiatric diagnosis in the direction predicted. PMID- 3498455 TI - The Spanish Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Reliability and concordance with clinical diagnoses in Puerto Rico. AB - A Spanish translation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was assessed using samples of Puerto Rican patients and community subjects from the San Juan area. Concordance between DIS results from psychiatrists' interviews and from laypersons' interviews was similar to results with the DIS in mainland samples. Comparisons of laypersons' DIS results with psychiatrists' clinical diagnoses yielded generally poorer agreement. Levels of agreement improved when diagnoses were clustered into higher-rank categories. These results raise cultural issues related to the use of the DIS in Puerto Rico. PMID- 3498456 TI - The prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. AB - An epidemiologic survey of the lifetime and six-month prevalence rates of several psychiatric disorders was conducted in Puerto Rico. This study, carried out in 1984, applied selected schedules of a Spanish translation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule to a stratified, island-wide probability sample of the population. With few exceptions, prevalence rates in this study were similar to those obtained in the US communities studied in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. The demographic correlates of the disorders are reviewed, and differences between the results of this study and those of previous studies suggesting a higher rate of mental disorder among Puerto Rican populations are discussed. PMID- 3498457 TI - Alcohol abuse and dependence in the rural South. AB - We studied rural-urban differences in the prevalence of Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)-DSM-III alcohol abuse or dependence from a community survey (part of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program) of 3921 adults living in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Bivariate analyses disclosed that current alcohol related problems, as identified by the DIS, were more common in the rural area (4.2% vs 2.6%). In a logistic regression analysis that controlled for potential confounders, including age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and the DIS-DSM-III diagnoses of major depression and antisocial personality disorder, the elevated odds of alcohol abuse or dependence in the rural area remained significant for the interactive variable "rural blacks" (relative risk, 2.88). Factors leading to urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders, such as current alcohol abuse or dependence, are therefore more complex than can be explained by geographic boundaries alone. PMID- 3498458 TI - Ontario Child Health Study. II. Six-month prevalence of disorder and rates of service utilization. AB - We studied the six-month prevalence of four child psychiatric disorders (conduct disorder, hyperactivity, emotional disorder, and somatization) and patterns of service utilization for mental health and social services, ambulatory medical care and special education by different regions of Ontario, urban-rural residence, and age and sex groupings. Among children 4 to 16 years of age, the overall six-month prevalence rate of one or more of these disorders was 18.1%. The prevalences of hyperactivity and one or more disorders were significantly higher in urban areas than rural areas. The utilization data indicated that children with these psychiatric disorders, compared with children without these disorders, were almost four times more likely to have received mental health or social services in the six months preceding this study. However, five of six of these children had not received these specialized services in the previous six month period. Over 50% of the children in the province had received ambulatory medical care in the last six months. Over 15% of the children in the province had received special education services at some time thus far in their school careers. Implications of these findings, especially for the provision of child mental health services, are discussed. PMID- 3498459 TI - Aging influence on the E-rosette forming cells, spontaneous cell mediated cytotoxicity, and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity in humans. AB - In 131 adults and 107 aging healthy subjects of both sexes, the percentage of the T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the cytotoxic activities of NK and K cells, were determined. No age-related differences have been found in the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the binding of NK cells to the K562 targets, the percentage of E rosette forming cells and the ADCC level. An increased proportion of T suppressor lymphocytes in elderly subjects and a large inter- and intra individual variation of NK cells activity in both adult and aged subjects were found. PMID- 3498460 TI - TG and TnonG lymphocyte involvement in the proliferative response to PHA. I. Reactivity and regulatory functions of TG and TnonG subsets in the proliferative response of T lymphocytes. AB - Both TG and TnonG subpopulations from human peripheral blood were found to secrete helper and suppressor factors for the PHA-induced T cell proliferative response. The TnonG subpopulation contained cells which were both able to secrete helper factor and to respond by proliferation, whereas in the TG subpopulation cells with a proliferative potential could not be conclusively demonstrated. Suppressor and helper activities in TG and TnonG culture supernatants displayed a different time kinetics and were influenced by the dose of mitogen in test cultures. PMID- 3498461 TI - TG and TnonG lymphocyte involvement in the proliferative response to PHA. II. The role of TG and TnonG lymphocytes in the regulation of the PHA-induced proliferative response of non-T cells. AB - The TnonG subpopulation from human peripheral blood provides help for PHA induced proliferation of non-T cells, while the TG subpopulation does not. Thus the inducer cells in the proliferative response of T and non-T cells to PHA are at least in part different. PMID- 3498462 TI - The concentration of IgD in blood sera of children suffering from dys- or hypogammaglobulinaemia of class A. AB - 6580 children inhabitans of selected region of Lower Silesia and 475 children with recurrent respiratory tract infections as well as 65 children with chronic active hepatitis were tested. IgA level was determined in each case. In the cases where IgA was absent or a low level of this immunoglobulin was found (0.2 g/l) IgD concentration was determined. It was established that the frequency of dysgammaglobulinaemia of class A was 1/731 tested cases in the tested population and 1/119 cases in children with respiratory tract infections and 1/65 tested children with chronic active hepatitis. Hypogammaglobulinaemia of class A was found in 1/365 cases in the tested population and 1/20 cases in children with respiratory tract infections and 2/65 children with chronic aggressive hepatitis. In children with dysgammaglobulinaemia of class A lack of IgD in serum was found in 44% of the cases--however, in hypogammaglobulinaemia IgA lack of IgD in serum was found in 38% of the cases. PMID- 3498464 TI - Exacerbation of a case of myasthenia gravis during therapeutic electric stimulation. AB - In patients with myasthenia gravis, vigorous exercise and electric stimulation produce weakness that is usually reversed by rest. We describe a case of persistent weakness in a 31-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis following therapeutic electric stimulation. She was injured in an automobile accident, with cervical and lumbar muscle strain diagnosed by a local emergency room physician. She consulted a chiropractor two days later because her symptoms had not abated. The chiropractic treatment of short-wave diathermy, high-voltage electric stimulation and spinal manipulation continued thrice weekly for six weeks. She then presented to her neurologist, complaining of persistent fatigue, weakness, increased diplopia, cervical and occipital pain, and disrupted sleep. Neck weakness had developed since her last visit. She was admitted to the hospital for evaluation. Neurologic exam showed no other abnormality of strength, sensation, or reflexes. The exacerbation of myasthenia responded to prednisone and increased pyridostigmine. After two months she required only her preinjury dose of pyridostigmine (60 mg q.d. p.r.n.) to prevent diplopia or fatigue, and her strength was normal. Repeated electrically induced muscle contraction is suspected of causing this exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3498463 TI - Therapeutic effects of multisite electric stimulation of gait in motor-disabled patients. AB - Therapeutic effects in ten hemiplegic patients and one paraparetic patient treated by multisite electric stimulation of gait were compared with effects in ten hemiplegic patients treated by standard rehabilitation methods after 2.6 months of extensive therapy. Average step length and gait velocity, ground reaction forces and their distribution under both feet, and crutch loading were measured; goniograms of joint angles, kinesiologic gait analysis, and EMG recordings from the main muscles used in ambulation and in standing, were made while patients in both groups walked without stimulation. Quantitative measurements before, during, at the end, and 8.4 months posttherapy were taken based on at least 40 strides per patient. The results for the stimulated group in midtherapy indicated faster recovery rates (3.15 times in step length and 2.25 times in gait velocity) than in the control group, and at the end of therapy the stimulated group had higher improvement levels (2.14 times in step length, 1.42 times in gait velocity, and 1.63 times in kinesiologic gait analysis). The differences between the two groups faded after 8.4 months without treatment, and some kinesiologic deficits reappeared, mostly those in the more distal muscle groups. These findings indicate a need for a simpler orthotic electric stimulation after multisite therapy in several cases. Immediate effects of the six-site stimulation were also considered for orthotic possibilities after the therapy. PMID- 3498465 TI - Effect of transfusion on immune function in a traumatized animal model. II. Effect on mortality rate following septic challenge. AB - It is well established that transfusions given prior to transplantation diminish rejection, and recent reports suggest that transfused patients having surgery for cancer developed more metastases than those who did not receive transfusions. To our knowledge, however, there are no studies evaluating whether transfusions result in increased rates of infections. To investigate this, 295 Lewis rats were subjected to a 25% total body surface area burn and were given either 3 mL of Lewis blood, 3 mL of A'Solagoft Cancer Institute rat blood, or 9 mL of lactated Ringers' solution intravenously on day 1 before burn or on the day of burn. One additional group received 1-mL transfusions on days 9, 7, and 5 before burn. The burns were painted with 1 X 10(8) Pseudomonas aeruginosa lot No. 1244 on postburn days 0, 1, or 2. All rats were followed up for 28 days and survival and mean survival times were recorded. Transfusion of A'Solagoft Cancer Institute blood increased mortality unless given within 24 hours prior to Pseudomonas challenge, when it diminished mortality. Transfusion with syngenic Lewis blood had no effect. We conclude that transfusions may adversely affect survival when given before bacterial challenge, possibly due to immunosuppression from exposure to non-self-histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 3498466 TI - The interaction between phosphorothionate insecticides, pneumotoxic trialkyl phosphorothiolates and effects on lung 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity. AB - A number of phosphorothionate (P = S) insecticides, including bromophos and fenitrothion, prevent trialkyl phosphorothiolate (P = O)-induced lung toxicity and the resulting increase in lung weight normally observed at 3 days in the rat. Measurement of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (7-EC) activity after both phosphorothionate and phosphorothiolate dosing revealed differing patterns of loss of enzyme activity. Depletion of 7-EC activity by phosphorothionates was maximal between 2 and 10 h after dosing, with recovery between 24 and 72 h. Phosphorothiolates, however, appear to cause two phases of loss of 7-EC activity, an initial fall of approximately 30% observed at 2 h and a secondary fall, maximal on day 3, with loss of 97% of activity, apparently associated with the pathological changes in the lung. It is suggested that oxidative metabolism of phosphorothionates known to occur at the P = S moiety, with suicidal loss of P 450, may then prevent oxidative activation of an S-methyl on the phosphorothiolates, the most likely site for production of a reactive intermediate capable of damaging the lung. Lung 7-EC in rat is sensitive to concentrations of the phosphorothionates bromophos and fenitrothion at 5-25 times less than those causing loss of liver 7-EC activity and at doses 125-600 times less than their LD50s. If repeated in man this may have implications for personnel occupationally exposed to these compounds. PMID- 3498467 TI - The in vitro effects of trichothecenes on the immune system. PMID- 3498468 TI - Interorgan shift of nitrosamine metabolism by dietary ethanol. PMID- 3498469 TI - [Embryogenesis of the human pharyngeal tonsil]. AB - By means of histological, histochemical, immunological and morphometric methods 78 pharyngeal tonsils of human embryos at the age of 12-40 weeks have been investigated. The character of the organ's anlage at 12-14 weeks of development as longitudinal folds on the dorsal wall of the rhinopharynx and changes in correlation of the lymphoid and epithelial tissues are presented in the process of the tonsil embryogenesis. Occupation of the organ with lymphocytes takes place on the 16th week of development. The embryos possess already two classes of T- and B-lymphocytes and their subclasses: auto-E-RFC, EAC-RFC, IgM and IgG positive cells; their kinetics is demonstrated in the process of the organ's development. A comparison on lymphocyte quantity, participating in cell-dependent immunity of the tonsil in fetuses, children and mature persons is presented. PMID- 3498470 TI - HLA-DR2 and narcolepsy. AB - Tissue typing was performed on 14 narcoleptics as defined by both strict sleep laboratory and clinical criteria. Six of these patients were blacks from North America, a race underrepresented in previous studies. All patients were HLA-DR2 antigen positive and had the same HLA-DR2 subtype. Clinical severity of disease was not correlated with HLA-DR2 heterozygosity or (putative) homozygosity. This study confirms that the extremely high association between HLA-DR2 and narcolepsy holds across comparisons of the three races studied to date when both clinical and sleep laboratory data are used. The presence or absence of HLA-DR2 in patients presenting with hypersomnolence may help support or exclude, respectively, a diagnosis of idiopathic narcolepsy. PMID- 3498472 TI - Candida albicans endophthalmitis in a patient with AIDS. Case report. PMID- 3498471 TI - Ocular inflammatory effects of intravitreal interleukin 1. AB - Locally injected endotoxin induces potent inflammatory changes in the rabbit eye. To clarify the possible role of interleukin 1 (Il-1), an endotoxin-induced monokine, in rabbit eye inflammation, we injected rabbits with recombinant Il-1 (rIl-1). Twelve and a half to 200 U of intravitreally injected rIl-1 consistently induced inflammation, which was documented using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, histologic methods, or direct quantitation of protein in the aqueous humor. Responses including a cellular infiltrate in the anterior chamber, protein extravasation, and iris vessel dilatation became evident within six hours, peaked at 24 hours, and began to recede by 48 to 72 hours after the injection. Pathologic changes primarily occurred in the anterior chamber and included edema, hemorrhage, and cellular infiltration. Locally injected corticosteroid reduced but did not prevent rIl-1-induced changes in vascular permeability. Heat inactivated rIl-1 induced minimal changes, as determined by histologic methods, slit-lamp examination, or direct protein measurement. These data support the conclusion that Il-1 should be considered as a potential mediator of ocular inflammation. PMID- 3498473 TI - Secondary surgical management of expulsive choroidal hemorrhage. AB - Eight cases of expulsive hemorrhage with herniation of intraocular contents were managed with secondary procedures after initial operative closure of the eye. Two eyes with giant retinal tears and clear vitreous were treated with photocoagulation alone; each regained 20/200 visual acuity. Vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was an indication for surgery in six eyes. Vitrectomy, choroidal drainage with simultaneous intraocular infusion, and scleral buckling restored useful vision in two eyes. In cases without vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment, conservative management may yield good results, while intraocular surgery may salvage useful vision in more complicated cases. PMID- 3498474 TI - Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis associated with Propionibacterium acnes. AB - We present two cases of Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis that confirm the association of this organism with a delayed onset and chronic and indolent intraocular inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The clinical, microbiologic, and histopathologic features of these cases suggest that the organism can be sequestered in the capsular bag, which may make this entity difficult to diagnose. We conclude that complete capsulectomy may be required if inflammation persists after conventional treatment for endophthalmitis, which may include pars plana vitrectomy, partial capsulectomy, and antibiotic therapy. Sterile postoperative uveitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. We stress the importance of appropriate microbiologic investigation in all cases of postsurgical inflammation, even if the onset is delayed until several months after surgery. PMID- 3498475 TI - Pars plana management of ectopia lentis in children. AB - Although the removal of the lens from patients with ectopia lentis has long been associated with a high rate of surgical complications, the surgical outlook for these patients is improving now that more sophisticated surgical modalities are available. We treated a series of eight consecutive patients with pars plana lensectomy (12 eyes) whose visual acuity could not be satisfactorily improved with optimal optical correction (phakic or aphakic). Visual acuity could not be improved in any of the subjects. Preoperative visual acuities ranged from 5/400 to 20/70. Eleven of 12 eyes maintained a visual acuity of 20/40 or better postoperatively over follow-up periods ranging from 1.0 to 6.3 years (mean, 5.1 years). There have been no significant surgical complications. PMID- 3498476 TI - Vein to artery allografts: experimental evidence of immunological sensitivity in rats. AB - Vein allografts were studied in rats using the major histocompatibility complex incompatible DA (RTIa) and LEW (RTI1) inbred strains. Allografts from DA rats were inserted in to 22 LEW hosts, and vice versa, by interposing a 5 mm segment of donor iliolumbar vein into a defect in the host's iliac artery (1 mm in diameter), using microsurgical techniques. Grafts were left in situ for 6 weeks and were then tested for evidence of sensitization by the insertion of an allogeneic fetal heart from the donor strain into the host's foot pad. The fetal heart beat was recorded with an ECG and the time of rejection determined by the cessation of ECG activity. As controls, allogeneic donor fetal hearts were implanted into 40 host rates (20 of each strain) which had not previously received a donor vein allograft. These were monitored by ECG, as above. Control LEW host rats rejected DA fetal hearts in a mean time of 8.45 days. Control DA hosts rejected LEW fetal hearts in 8.70 days. DA hosts with LEW vein allografts did not reject donor fetal hearts significantly sooner (mean 8.33 days) than the controls. However, LEW host rats with allografted DA veins rejected subsequent DA fetal hearts in 7.18 days, which was significantly sooner than in controls (8.45 days). These data provide evidence of sensitization of the rejection response by vein allografts. PMID- 3498477 TI - Immune mechanisms in atopic dermatitis: studies and hypothesis. PMID- 3498478 TI - Antigen receptor on B lymphocytes: structure and association with other membrane proteins. AB - IgM and IgD function as receptors for antigens on B lymphocytes: The mechanism(s) and structures by which these Igs transmit the signals induced by antigen binding are unknown. Thus, it is relevant to propose plasma membrane molecules anchored with the Igs which are responsible for the transformation of signals through to the interior of the cells. The aim of this study, therefore, was to identify plasma membrane structures associated with or covalently linked to Ig molecules. Ig molecules were isolated from the lysates of surface radioiodinated B lymphocytes and analyzed by two-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses (1st. dimension: unreduced; 2nd dimension: reduced). It was shown that various polypeptides (mol. wts: 56, 50, 46, 42, 35 and 30 kdaltons) could be identified as being covalently linked (by S-S bridges) to IgM and IgD half molecules. Employing the chemical crosslinking of associated surface proteins on intact B cells, we could demonstrate that two proteins (mol. wts: 56 and 46 kdaltons) were non-covalently linked to IgM half molecules. In order to study the biological significance of molecules anchored with Ig, we analyzed their behaviour on B lymphocytes activated by anti-Ig antibodies. Within 10 min. of B lymphocyte activation by anti-mu antibodies IgM half molecules and their accompanying polypeptides, both covalently and non-covalently bound, were removed from cell's surface. PMID- 3498479 TI - The receptor function of C1q, the Fc-recognizing component of the complement system, on macrophages. PMID- 3498480 TI - Gene transfer experiments to study T-cell recognition of MHC and antigen. AB - Gene transfer experiments are discussed which demonstrate the following: First, MHC-restricted antigen specificities of T lymphocytes are encoded by the alpha and beta T-cell receptor genes. Second, the interaction between cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their target cells is enhanced by the Lyt 2 molecule. PMID- 3498481 TI - [Autoimmune mechanisms]. PMID- 3498482 TI - Quantitative analysis of the interaction between immune complex and C1q complement subcomponent. The role of interdomain interactions in rabbit IgG in binding of C1q to immune precipitates. AB - A novel method was developed for the analysis of the interaction of large multivalent ligands with surfaces (matrices) to analyse the binding of complement subcomponent C1q to immune precipitates. Our new evaluation method provides quantitative data characteristic of the C1q-immune-complex interaction and of the structure of the immune complex as well. To reveal the functional role of domain domain interactions in the Fc part of IgG the binding of C1q to different anti ovalbumin IgG-ovalbumin immune complexes was studied. Immune-complex precipitates composed of rabbit IgG in which the non-covalent or covalent bonds between the heavy chains had been eliminated were used. Non-covalent bonds were abolished by splitting off the CH3 domains, i.e. by using Facb fragments, and the covalent contact was broken by reduction and alkylation of the single inter-heavy-chain disulphide bond. The quantitative analysis of the binding curves provides a dissociation constant (K) of 200 nM for the interaction between C1q and immune precipitate formed from native IgG. Surprisingly, for immune precipitates composed of Facb fragments or IgG in which the inter-heavy-chain disulphide bond had been selectively reduced and alkylated, stronger binding (K = 30 nM) was observed. In this case, however, changes in the structure of the immune-complex matrix were also detected. These structural changes may account for the strengthening of the C1q-immune-complex interaction, which can be strongly influenced by the flexibility and the binding-site pattern of the immune-complex precipitates. These results suggest that domain-domain interactions in the Fc part of IgG affect the segmental mobility of IgG molecules and the spatial arrangement of the immune-complex matrix rather than the affinity of individual C1q-binding sites on IgG. PMID- 3498483 TI - Modified ganglioside as a possible modulator of transmembrane signaling mechanism through growth factor receptors: a preliminary note. AB - Two types of modified GM3 strongly alter EGF-dependent phosphorylation of the EGF receptor in opposite directions, i.e., de-N-acetyl-GM3 (amino-GM3; NeuNH2 alpha 2 ---3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1 Ceramide) strongly promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor of A431 cells, while lyso-GM3 (NeuNAc alpha 2 ---3Gal beta 1----4 Glc beta----1 Sphingosine) as well as GM3 inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor in the same cells under the same conditions. A hypothesis is proposed that de-N-acylation of gangliosides, in either the sialic acid or ceramide moiety, is a crucial event in triggering a positive or negative transmembrane signal. PMID- 3498484 TI - Ovarian epidermal growth factor-like activity. Concentrations in porcine follicular fluid during follicular enlargement. AB - Numerous data indicate that epidermal growth factor has important effects on cultured granulosa cells. However, most of the few attempts to detect epidermal growth factor in ovarian tissue have been unrevealing. In this study, ovarian epidermal growth factor-like activity was easily detected by a radioreceptor assay based on the A431 cell line but not by an immunoassay for mouse epidermal growth factor. The concentration of this activity in follicular fluid from small porcine ovarian follicles was higher than that in fluid from medium or large follicles or serum (p less than 0.01), but lower than that in salivary gland extracts. Receptor-active epidermal growth factor-like peptides could function as local ovarian regulators. PMID- 3498485 TI - Interleukin-1 derived from human monocytic leukemia cell line JOSK-I acts as an autocrine growth factor. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) enhances the growth of human monocytic leukemia cell line JOSK-I cells, which were recently established in our laboratory and which were demonstrated to produce a high level of IL-1 constitutively, in liquid as well as semisolid culture systems. Concomitantly, IL-1 stimulated the prostaglandin E2 synthesis and nitroblue tetrazolium dye-reducing capacity of JOSK-I cells. This indicates that IL-1 may act as autocrine growth factor for monocytes, and also suggests the possibility that this autocrine stimulation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of monocytic leukemia in vivo. PMID- 3498486 TI - Inhibition of protein kinase C from polymorphonuclear neutrophils by long chain acyl coenzyme A and counteraction by Mg-ATP. AB - The Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) from bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils was inhibited by micromolar amounts of long chain acyl-CoAs. The extent of inhibition at a given concentration of the acyl CoAs depended on the length of the chain. A chain length of at least 12C was required for inhibition. Inhibition of protein kinase C activity was counteracted specifically by Mg-ATP. PMID- 3498487 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 production by human monocytes in response to interleukin-2. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a potent lymphokine involved in the regulation of immune responses and is classically regarded as a stimulus for the activation and growth of T-cells. Recent reports have demonstrated the IL-2 dependent activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes into lymphokine activated killer cells capable of lysing tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this study we report data which clearly show IL-2 may also act to down-regulate the immune response by inducing the synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites with known immunosuppressive actions. Stimulation of peripheral human blood monocytes with IL-2 caused an increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane (TXB2) in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic analysis showed no increase above controls after 6 hours and maximal levels by 10 hours; elevated levels were maintained after 45 hours of incubation. After 20 hours of stimulation with 2000 U/ml IL-2, the level of PGE2 and TXB2 were greater than three-fold above controls, 0.7 and 19 ng/10(6) cells, respectively. The stimulation was relatively specific in that neither prostacyclin nor leukotrienes were produced in response to IL-2. These data demonstrate that IL-2 acts on human monocytes to induce the secretion of PGE2 and TXB2. PMID- 3498488 TI - Human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein-exposed macrophages release interleukin 1 inhibitory activity. AB - The concanavalin A-unreactive variants of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein introduced in culture medium of monocytes/macrophages induces the inhibition of thymocyte proliferative activity of interleukin 1. LPS or LPS receptors were not involved in the activity of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein on macrophages. alpha 1-acid glycoprotein did not show any direct effect on thymocytes whereas the monocyte/macrophage-supernatant inhibited the interleukin 1 proliferative effect. The activity of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 was not altered by the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein-macrophage supernatant. PMID- 3498490 TI - The toxic effects of periodate-oxidized adenosine given in divided doses to rats. PMID- 3498489 TI - Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of the amphibian oocyte plasma membrane: an early event in initiating the meiotic divisions. AB - Plasma membranes isolated from Rana oocytes showed a 7-10 fold increase in the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous protein following exposure to meiotic stimuli (progesterone, insulin) either in vivo or in-vitro. Exogenous phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME) was effective in stimulating Ca2+ dependent membrane phosphorylation and also induced meiosis. Induction of phosphorylation was blocked by the protease inhibitor leupeptin, as are all other responses to meiotic stimuli. Phosphatidylserine was inactive when added to intact oocytes, but stimulated membrane phosphorylation nearly 15-fold when added to isolated membranes. The results indicate a link between phospholipid methylation and protein kinase C activation. PMID- 3498491 TI - Purine deoxyribonucleosides counteract effects of hydroxyurea on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools and DNA synthesis. AB - Inhibition of cell growth and DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea is thought to occur via an effect on the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase leading to a block of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Earlier attempts to bypass such a block by delivering deoxyribonucleosides to the medium of cultured cells have given equivocal results. Complications arise in such experiments from the specificity of the phosphorylating enzymes since 3 of the 4 deoxyribonucleosides are substrates for the same enzyme, with widely differing Km values, and from allosteric effects exerted by deoxyribonucleotides. We simplify this situation by using a mutant hamster V79 line that lacks the enzyme dCMP deaminase. The cells contain a 20-fold enlarged dCTP pool and require thymidine for optimal growth. Concentrations of hydroxyurea (50 or 100 microM) that in short-term experiments inhibited DNA synthesis depleted the dATP pool without seriously affecting pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide pools. The dATP pool could be restored by addition of deoxyadenosine but this depleted the dGTP pool. This depletion could be counteracted by the simultaneous addition of deoxyguanosine but then critically depended on the relative concentrations of the two purine deoxyribonucleosides, with optimal results at 1 microM deoxyadenosine + 100 microM deoxyguanosine. Under those conditions the inhibition of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea was partially reversed. PMID- 3498493 TI - HLA-DR4 and Gm 1;21 haplotypes are associated with pseudolupus induced by venopyronum dragees. AB - The phenotypic frequencies of human major histocompatibility complex class I, II, and III antigens and immunoglobulin allotypes (Gm factors) were determined in 56 patients (55 women, 1 man) who had lupus-like disease induced by venopyronum dragees. The findings in these patients were compared with those of a control group. We found a significant increase of HLA-DR4 (57.1% versus 26.5%, relative risk [RR] 3.7) and a decrease of HLA-DR3 (3.6% versus 19.1%, RR 0.16) in the patient group. In addition, the haplotype Gm 1;21 (60.7% versus 32.9%, RR 3.2), and the phenotype Gm 1,3;5,21 (46.4% versus 25.8%, RR 2.5) were significantly increased. Both the haplotype Gm 1;21 and the phenotype Gm 1,3;5,21 are associated with HLA-DR4 in pseudolupus patients but not in controls. The coincidence of HLA-DR4 and Gm 1;21 markedly increases the risk of acquiring pseudolupus (RR 6.9). We conclude that the pathogenesis of pseudolupus is influenced by at least 2 independent genetic factors. A similar HLA association has been described in hydralazine-induced lupus, and this suggests a common pathogenic mechanism. PMID- 3498492 TI - High levels of in vitro IgM rheumatoid factor synthesis correlate with HLA-DR4 in normal individuals. AB - The association between the HLA-DR4 histocompatibility antigen and in vitro synthesis of IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) by blood mononuclear cells was investigated in 35 normal subjects. In vitro cultures of T and B cells were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, and the secreted IgM-RF, tetanus antibody, and total IgM protein were measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. In cultures containing unseparated T cells, IgM-RF production in the DR4+ and DR4- subgroups was not significantly different. However, depletion of OKT8+ cells containing T suppressor cells resulted in significantly higher IgM and IgM-RF synthesis in the DR4+ subgroup. Moreover, 6 of the 8 highest levels of IgM-RF were produced by DR4+ individuals, while only 7 of the remaining 27 individuals were DR4+ (P = 0.035). Ratios of secreted IgM-RF:IgM indicated that there was a relative enrichment for IgM-RF- specific B cell precursors in DR4+ high responders, although total numbers of circulating B cells were not increased. High responder B cells had high levels of responsiveness when mixed with T helper cells from low responders, whereas low responder B cells consistently produced low responses, even when cocultured with T helper cells from high responder donors. The data suggest that a subset of normal individuals has a pokeweed mitogen-responsive lymphocyte population that contains a B cell subpopulation specific for IgM-RF synthesis and that this condition is associated with HLA-DR4. In certain individuals who have the DR4 type, there may be a component of a susceptible genetic background, upon which other factors act to induce IgM-RF synthesis and which may produce clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3498494 TI - Frozen shoulder in hyperthyroidism. AB - A patient who presented with bilateral frozen shoulders and unrecognized hyperthyroidism is described. Both frozen shoulder and the related shoulder-hand syndrome may occur in this setting. These poorly understood rheumatic conditions often are complications of stroke, spinal cord injury, or diabetes. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system is thought to be of pathogenic importance. It is postulated that the close resemblance of hyperthyroidism to activation of the sympathetic nervous system may underlie its association with frozen shoulder and shoulder-hand syndrome. PMID- 3498495 TI - The immunoglobulin supergene family and the polygenic nature of inherited predisposition to rheumatic disease. PMID- 3498496 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3498497 TI - [Brief anesthesia with propofol (Diprivan)]. PMID- 3498498 TI - [C3 stimulates the proliferation of human pre-B Raji cells]. AB - In a defined medium in which transferrin (3 micrograms/ml) was the only source of exogenous proteins, Raji cells of the human pre-B lymphoblastoid cell line died within 48 h after forming polykaryons. The simple addition of purified C3 at a concentration equal to or higher than 3 micrograms/ml allowed Raji cells to divide. This preliminary report provides a defined system for studying the mitogenic effect of human C3 or C3 fragments upon proliferation of human B-cells lines. PMID- 3498499 TI - 18th forum in immunology. Interleukin-1. PMID- 3498500 TI - Membrane IL-1: a key protein in antigen presentation. PMID- 3498501 TI - Active fragments of IL-1: towards a dissociation of the functions? PMID- 3498502 TI - Role of interleukin-1 in B-cell activation. PMID- 3498503 TI - Role of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in acute inflammation. PMID- 3498504 TI - [Action of diazepam on active sodium transport and permeability of skin isolated from Rana esculenta]. PMID- 3498505 TI - Haemodynamic effects of a prolonged infusion of propofol as a supplement to nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Studies in association with peripheral arterial surgery. AB - The haemodynamic effects of propofol at two infusion rates (54-65 and 108-130 micrograms kg-1 min-1) have been studied during peripheral arterial surgery in eight elderly patients premedicated with morphine sulphate 0.15 mg kg-1. The haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation was partially suppressed: neither arterial pressure nor heart rate exceeded awake values. During stable anaesthesia at the lower infusion rate before surgery, systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were significantly decreased from awake values (SAP: -47%; DAP: -46%) as a result of decreases in cardiac output (-32%) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (-9%). During surgery, with either spontaneous (SV) or intermittent positive pressure (IPPV) ventilation, both infusion rates were associated with decreases in arterial pressures when compared with the awake state. Cardiac output was decreased (SV: -35%, IPPV: -36%) and SVR increased (SV: +22%, IPPV: +45%) at the lower infusion rate; similar changes were observed during the faster infusion rate. PMID- 3498506 TI - HLA-A and B antigens and pulmonary tuberculosis in Greeks. AB - A significantly increased frequency of the HLA-B27 antigen was found in Greek adult patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. This finding is discussed in connection with the literature, and it is suggested that the HLA system is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 3498508 TI - Pasteurella multocida endophthalmitis. AB - We have recently seen an unusual case of endophthalmitis secondary to Pasteurella multocida infection. Unlike previously reported cases this patient had no previous history of animal bites or scratch wounds. Treatment included subconjunctival, parenteral, and intravitreal administration of ampicillin. Although the eye was sterilised, the patient's vision remained poor owing to the extensive amount of retinal necrosis. PMID- 3498507 TI - Selective C1q deficiency in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with selective C1q deficiency. C1q deficiency had been presumed to be a non-hereditary disorder; however, the 10 reported cases in the world literature, and our case, suggest that C1q deficiency could also be an inherited disease. PMID- 3498509 TI - Aspergillus endophthalmitis. AB - A case is reported of bilateral aspergillus endophthalmitis in an infant without any detectable systemic predisposition or focus of infection. The patient is the youngest recorded case of endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis so far, with an onset of symptoms at the age of 15 days. After histopathological confirmation of the aetiology by enucleation of the atrophic eye, systemic amphotericin B therapy was instituted with excellent results in the fellow eye. This is the first recorded instance of a complete clinical cure in aspergillus ocular disease on systemic amphotericin B therapy alone. PMID- 3498510 TI - Post-traumatic and postoperative endophthalmitis: a comparison of visual outcomes. AB - We retrospectively studied 50 consecutive cases of exogenous endophthalmitis treated between 1972 and 1985. Twenty-two of these cases occurred after penetrating ocular trauma and the remaining 28 followed ocular surgery. Thirty two (64%) of the cases were culture-positive. A wide variety of organisms were identified in the post-traumatic cases, while the isolated agent in the majority of postoperative cases was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Twenty-nine of the 50 patients received treatment with vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotics; of these, 14 (48%) achieved final visual acuities better than or equal to 20/400. Of the 21 patients who were treated with parenteral, topical, and subconjunctival antibiotics alone eight (38%) reached this same final visual acuity. Culture negative cases, postoperative cases, and cases treated with vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotics were associated with improved visual outcomes. PMID- 3498511 TI - Nuclear Overhauser effect studies of the conformations of MgATP bound to the active and secondary sites of muscle pyruvate kinase. AB - MgATP binds both at the active site (site 1) and at a secondary site (site 2) on each monomer of muscle pyruvate kinase as previously found by binding studies and by X-ray analysis. Interproton distances on MgATP bound at each site have been measured by the time-dependent nuclear Overhauser effect in the absence and presence of phosphoenolpyruvate (P-enolpyruvate), which blocks ATP binding at site 1. Interproton distances at site 2 are consistent with a single conformation of bound ATP with a high antiglycosidic torsional angle (chi = 68 +/- 10 degrees) and a C3'-endo ribose pucker (delta = 90 +/- 10 degrees). Interproton distances at site 1, determined in the absence of P-enolpyruvate by assuming the averaging of distances at both sites, cannot be fit by a single adenine-ribose conformation but require the contribution of at least three low-energy structures: 62 +/- 10% low anti (chi = 30 degrees), C3'-endo; 20 +/- 8% high anti (chi = 55 degrees), O1'-endo; and 18 +/- 8% syn (chi = 217 degrees), C2'-endo. Although a different set of ATP conformations might also have fit the interproton distances, the mixture of conformations used also fits previously determined distances from Mn2+ to the protons of ATP bound at site 1 [Sloan, D. L., & Mildvan, A. S. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2412] and is similar to the adenine-ribose portion of free Co(NH3)4ATP, which consists of 35% low anti, 51% high anti, and 14% syn [Rosevear, P. R., Bramson, H. N., O'Brian, C., Kaiser, E. T., & Mildvan, A. S. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3439].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498512 TI - Conformation, stability, and folding of interleukin 1 beta. AB - Recombinant human interleukin 1 beta has been studied in solution with respect to its conformation, stability, and characteristics of unfolding and refolding. It is an all-beta-type, stable globular protein with a high cooperativity under conditions where refolding is reversible. The tryptophan residue is approximately 40% exposed to solvent, and the four tyrosines are 50% exposed. The fluorescence of the single tryptophan residue is quenched at pH 7.5 but dequenched by high salt, by titration to lower pH with a pK of 6.59, and by denaturants, resulting in an unusual biphasic change in fluorescence on unfolding. Both histidine and thiol residues have been excluded as being responsible for the pH dependence of fluorescence by site-directed mutagenesis and by chemical modification, respectively. The likely candidate is an aspartate or glutamate. PMID- 3498513 TI - Role of calcium ions and the heavy chain of factor XIa in the activation of human coagulation factor IX. AB - Since optimal rates of factor IX activation by factor XIa require the presence of calcium ions and the heavy chain of the enzyme as well as the active-site containing light chain, we have studied the effects of calcium ions and the heavy chain on the reaction kinetics. Whereas the amidolytic activities of factor XIa and of its active-site-containing light chain were almost indistinguishable, the two enzymes behaved quite differently when factor IX was the substrate. Factor XIa was 100-fold more potent in the presence of Ca2+ than in its absence. On the contrary, the presence or absence of Ca2+ made very little difference in the case of the isolated light chain of factor XIa. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of the light chain was almost identical with that of intact factor XIa when Ca2+ was absent. Using an optimal concentration of Ca2+, we studied the activation in the presence of various concentrations of two monoclonal antibodies, one (5F4) directed against the light chain of factor XIa and the other (3C1) against its heavy chain. Analysis of 1/V vs. 1/S plots showed that whereas inhibition by 5F4 was noncompetitive, 3C1 neutralized the enzyme in a classical competitive fashion. We conclude that in the calcium-dependent activation of factor IX by factor XIa the heavy chain of the enzyme is involved in the binding of the substrate and this is essential for optimal reaction rates. PMID- 3498514 TI - Differential scanning calorimetric study of the thermal unfolding of Taka-amylase A from Aspergillus oryzae. AB - The thermally induced unfolding of Taka-amylase A, isolated from Aspergillus oryzae, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental curves of excess apparent specific heat vs. temperature showed a single asymmetric peak. Curve resolution indicated that this asymmetry is due to the two-state unfolding of three domains in the molecule, with dissociation of the single tightly bound Ca2+ ion occurring during the unfolding of the last domain. Further indication of the dissociation of the specifically bound Ca2+ during denaturation is afforded by the fact that the temperature of maximal excess specific heat, tm, increases with increasing protein concentration in the absence of added excess Ca2+ and with increasing Ca2+ concentration in the presence of added Ca2+. Experiments in a variety of buffers with different enthalpies of ionization indicated that 11.8 +/- 1.5 protons are lost from the protein during unfolding at pH 7.0. In apparent contradiction of this result, the value of tm was found to be essentially independent of pH in the range pH 7-8. No explanation of this anomaly is available. The enthalpy of unfolding at pH 7 and 62 degrees C in the absence of added Ca2+, corrected for the change in buffer protonation, is 2250 +/- 40 kJ mol 1 (42.5 J g-1), and the permanent change in apparent heat capacity is 36.4 +/- 4.1 kJ K-1 mol-1 (0.687 J g-1). Both of these quantities are unusually large for a globular protein. PMID- 3498515 TI - The binding and inhibition of trypsin by alpha-crystallin. AB - One of the major lens-structural proteins, alpha-crystallin, is a multimeric protein containing 40 subunits of approx. 20 kDa each. There are two subunit types with distinct but similar structures. This protein was capable of inhibiting trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase, but had no effect on thrombin or kallikrein. Complete inhibition was not observed, but rather plateau levels of inhibition were obtained in each case. Maximum inhibition was observed at a ratio of 1 mol of alpha-crystallin for every 9-10 mol of trypsin. alpha-Crystallin also inhibited the labeling of the active site of trypsin by [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Greater than 90% inhibition of DFP labeling was observed at a ratio of 1 mol of alpha-crystallin for every 7-8 mol of trypsin. Both trypsin and [3H]DFP-labeled trypsin formed a complex with alpha-crystallin, as demonstrated by gel-filtration chromatography. The active site of trypsin when bound to alpha-crystallin was still capable of reacting with p-nitrophenyl p guanidobenzoate and soybean trypsin inhibitor, but was inaccessible to alpha 1 antitrypsin. These data suggest that alpha-crystallin acts as a multivalent modified inhibitor which is consistent with the proposed quaternary structure of alpha-crystallin. PMID- 3498516 TI - Cytogenetic evidence for involvement of B lymphocytes in acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemias. AB - We studied the cellular distribution of an unusual chromosomal abnormality, an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13, in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of two patients with acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA). We found no metaphases containing the 13q- abnormality in preparations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes from either patient. In both cases, however, some metaphases from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines contained the clonal karyotypic abnormality. These observations indicate that B lymphocytes but not T cells are expressed as members of the clonal cohort of cells. Our results strongly suggest that the initial pathogenetic events that led to expansion of the 13q- clone occurred in a progenitor cell capable of giving rise to both hematopoietic and B lymphoid cells. PMID- 3498517 TI - B-cell growth factor receptor expression and B-cell growth factor response of leukemic B cell precursors and B lineage lymphoid progenitor cells. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of B cell growth factor (BCGF) receptors and to elucidate the biologic effects of biochemically purified natural BCGF at the B cell precursor stage of human B lineage lymphoid differentiation. The specific binding of radioiodinated high-mol-wt BCGF (125I HMW-BCGF) and low-molecular-wt BCGF (125I-LMW-BCGF) to fresh marrow blasts from B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients was initially investigated. The estimated number of radioiodinated BCGF molecules bound per blast ranged from undetectable to 24.3 X 10(3) for HMW-BCGF, and from 11.5 X 10(3) to 457.8 X 10(3) for LMW-BCGF. In 3H-TdR incorporation assays, 75% of cases showed a significant response to LMW-BCGF with a median stimulation index of 9.3. By comparison, only 33% of cases showed a significant response to HMW-BCGF with a median stimulation index of 2.4. Subsequently, B cell precursor colony assays were performed to assess and compare the biologic effects of BCGF on leukemic B lineage lymphoid progenitor cells. Among 28 cases studied, 57% responded to both HMW-BCGF and LMW-BCGF, 21% responded only to LMW-BCGF, and the remaining cases showed no proliferative response to either growth factor. The response patterns of virtually pure populations of FACS-sorted leukemic B cell precursors were essentially identical to the proliferative responses of unsorted leukemic B-cell precursors. Synergistic effects between HMW-BCGF and LMW-BCGF were observed in 80% of the cases that responded to both. The numbers of cell-bound radioiodinated BCGF molecules, the stimulation indices, as well as the number of B cell precursor colonies in BCGF-stimulated cultures showed a marked interpatient variation. Patients with structural chromosomal abnormalities (SCAs) involving 12p11-13 or patients with a Philadelphia chromosome showed a greater HMW-BCGF response at the level of leukemic progenitor cells than did other patients (P = .02). The LMW-BCGF response was significantly greater for patients with SCA than for patients without SCA (P = .04). The response of leukemic progenitor cells to HMW-BCGF or LMW-BCGF did not correlate with sex, age, disease status, FAB morphology, WBC at diagnosis, or immunophenotype. To our knowledge, this study represents the first detailed analyses of BCGF receptor expression and BCGF effects in B cell precursor ALL. The data presented provide direct evidence for the expression of functional receptors for both HMW-BCGF and LMW-BCGF in B cell precursor ALL. PMID- 3498518 TI - Conversion of the active to latent plasminogen activator inhibitor from human endothelial cells. AB - The plasminogen activator inhibitor from human endothelial cells (PAI-1) exists in two forms in the culture medium: an active form that binds to and inactivates plasminogen activators and a latent form that in its native state has no anti activator activity. Inhibitor activity associated with the latent form can be generated by treatment with protein denaturants and makes up more than 98% of the total inhibitor activity in conditioned medium. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity is also found in cell cytosol. This inhibitor activity is stable to SDS treatment but is not enhanced by it. We investigated the relationship between this active cell-associated inhibitor and the latent PAI-1 found in the conditioned medium. Both intracellular and extracellular inhibitors were immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody produced against the latent inhibitor from HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells and electrophoresis on SDS gels of various acrylamide concentrations demonstrated that both forms had the same Mr. Incubation of cytosol inhibitor at 37 degrees C resulted in a decline in inhibitor activity with a half-life of approximately 4 hours, a rate of decline similar to that of the active PAI-1 in conditioned medium, with less than 10% of the original activity present after eight hours. This decline is accelerated at higher temperatures and is not affected by the presence of a variety of protease inhibitors. Approximately 90% of the activity can be regenerated after SDS treatment suggesting that the cell associated inhibitor, during incubation at 37 degrees C, converts to a form similar to that found in conditioned medium. Despite these similarities, the apparent Stoke's radii of the active intracellular inhibitor and the latent inhibitor in conditioned medium were significantly different with values of 2.77 nm and 2.40 nm for active and latent PAI-1, respectively. Incubation of the active form at 37 degrees C resulted in the shift of the Stoke's radius to that similar to the latent PAI-1 (2.45 nm). Thus, the active and latent PAI-1, while being immunologically similar and of the same apparent Mr, can be differentiated by their behavior on gel permeation columns. This suggests that the intracellular inhibitor is a precursor to the latent form. PMID- 3498519 TI - Human leukemic B cell activation: functional consequence of membrane IgM interaction with anti-IgM ligand is an alterable cell characteristic. AB - A functional study of several human malignant B cell populations has indicated that occasional leukemic clones are extraordinarily sensitive to signal transduction through membrane IgM. One isolated hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with low background DNA synthesis was stimulated to significant levels of DNA synthesis when cultured with high (100 micrograms/mL) concentrations of soluble anti-IgM ligands. In contrast to the activation of normal peripheral blood polyclonal B cells, this DNA synthesis was completely independent of accessory T cell factors. Although the HCL clone could also be induced to enter S phase by incubation in media supplemented with only activated T cell supernatant, culture of the clone with activated T cell supernatant plus anti-IgM Ab resulted in DNA synthesis that was significantly less than that induced by either activator alone. Factor(s) in T cell supernatant appear to modulate the leukemic clone so that the binding of ligand to membrane IgM is perceived as an inhibitory rather than a stimulatory signal for DNA synthesis. In terms of Ig Fc independence and low ligand dose requirements, anti-IgM-mediated inhibitory signal transduction in the T cell supernatant-activated HCL clone was found to mimic anti-IgM mediated suppression of the spontaneous DNA synthesis of an alternative HCL clone. The functional results suggest that the type of signal transduced anti-Ig ligands may reflect differences in the activation state of receptive leukemic B cells. PMID- 3498520 TI - Platelet von Willebrand factor: evidence for its involvement in platelet adhesion to collagen. AB - Although it is well established that plasma von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is essential to platelet adhesion to subendothelium at high shear rates, the role of platelet vWF is less clear. We studied the respective role of both plasma and platelet vWF in mediating platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagen in a parallel plate perfusion chamber. Reconstituted blood containing RBCs, various mixtures of labeled washed platelets and plasma from controls or five patients with severe von Willebrand disease (vWD), was perfused through the chamber for five minutes at a shear rate of 1,600 s-1. Platelet-collagen interactions were estimated by counting the radioactivity in deposited platelets and by quantitative morphometry. When the perfusate consisted of normal platelets suspended in normal plasma, platelet deposition on the collagen was 24.7 +/- 3.6 X 10(6)/cm2 (mean +/ SEM, n = 6). Significantly less deposition (16 +/- 2.3) was observed when vWD platelets were substituted for normal platelets. In mixtures containing vWD plasma, significantly greater deposition (9 +/- 2.2) was obtained with normal than with vWD platelets (1 +/- 0.4) demonstrating a role for platelet vWF in mediating the deposition of platelets on collagen. Morphometric analysis confirmed these data. Our findings indicate that platelet, as well as plasma, vWF mediates platelet-collagen interactions at a high shear rate. PMID- 3498521 TI - Secretion of interleukin-1 by acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in vitro induces endothelial cells to secrete colony stimulating factors. AB - The interaction of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells with stromal cells was investigated by adding AML-conditioned media to cultures of human endothelial cells. This conditioned media contained factors that induced expression of both the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) genes and release of colony stimulating activity from endothelial cells. The conditioned media contained interleukin-1 (IL-1) bioactivity and the endothelial cell stimulatory activity was partially neutralized by anti-IL-1 antiserum. Constitutive expression of the IL-1-beta gene was detected in ten of 17 AML cases analyzed. These results suggest that the unregulated secretion of IL 1 by AML cells can induce stromal cells in vitro to overproduce CSFs. This could contribute to the unrestricted growth of AML cells. PMID- 3498522 TI - Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin on leukemic erythroid colony formation in human early erythroblastic leukemias. AB - Erythroid colonies from five patients with an early erythroblastic leukemia were obtained in "serum-free" cultures in the presence or absence of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and homogeneous native erythropoietin (Epo). Erythroid colonies with abnormal morphology and karyotype could be grown in different culture conditions. Their erythroid nature was ascertained by the presence of carbonic anhydrase I and glycophorin A. Leukemic erythroid progenitors strongly differed from normal progenitors in that spontaneous colonies were always obtained, sometimes with an extremely high plating efficiency (up to 5.7%). Colonies were found to be autonomous from exogenous hematopoietic growth factors because they were still obtained with a high plating efficiency at an average of one cell per culture in the absence of any added growth factor. No evidence for an autocrine secretion of Epo or GM-CSF emerged because Epo or GM-CSF could not be detected by biologic or radioimmunologic assays from the culture supernatant or cellular extracts of the leukemic cells and that Epo or GM-CSF antibodies did not block autonomous growth. In all cases, however, hematopoietic growth factors increased the plating efficiency of the abnormal erythroid progenitors. In the two "de novo" leukemias, leukemic erythroid progenitors responded primarily to Epo, whereas in the three other patients' (chronic myeloid leukemia) blast crisis they responded maximally to GM-CSF plus Epo. Recombinant erythroid-potentiating activity had no effect in any of these cases. These results suggest that the leukemic erythroid clonogenic cells arise from expansion of erythroid progenitors at different levels of differentiation (ie, CFU-E or BFU-E, depending upon the disease) and that autonomous growth is not related to a secretion of Epo or GM-CSF. PMID- 3498523 TI - The von willebrand factor domain-mediating botrocetin-induced binding to glycoprotein IB lies between Val449 and Lys728. AB - Botrocetin, a component of Bothrops jararaca venom, induces von Willebrand factor (vWF)-dependent platelet agglutination and has been proposed as an alternative agent to ristocetin for evaluating vWF function. However, important differences between the vWF-platelet interactions induced by these two agents have suggested that different regions of vWF and the platelet may be involved in the interactions induced by the two agonists. We have recently demonstrated that binding of vWF to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib receptor, either induced by ristocetin or as occurs spontaneously with asialo-vWF or vWF from IIb von Willebrand disease, is mediated by a domain residing on a 52/48-kilodalton (kD) tryptic fragment of vWF. This fragment extends from amino acid residue Val (449) to Lys (728). We have now found that this 52/48-kD fragment blocks botrocetin induced binding of vWF to platelets and completely inhibits botrocetin-induced platelet agglutination. These results provide evidence that the vWF domain mediating, botrocetin-induced platelet agglutination lies within the region delimited by this fragment and is therefore close to or identical with that which mediates ristocetin-induced binding and spontaneous binding of vWF to platelet GPIb. Anti-GPIb monoclonal antibodies also blocked agglutination, which showed that botrocetin, like ristocetin, induces binding of vWF to the GPIb receptor. PMID- 3498525 TI - Murine inflammatory factor co-chromatographs with murine interleukin-2 activity. AB - 1. In a study of the in vivo effects of semi-purified mouse interleukin-2 (IL-2), inflammatory activity indicated by edema and plasma protein extravasation (PPE) was detected in those fractions having IL-2 activity. 2. The molecular weight of the inflammatory factor activity from conditioned medium was 30 to 48 kDal on the basis of gel filtration on Sephadex G75. 3. The edema, characterized as maximum paw thickness, occurred at 4 h, whereas the PPE peak (measured with 125I-albumin) occurred 1.5 to 3 h after injection. 4. Both edema and PPE were inhibited by dexamethasone or indomethacin, suggesting the involvement of prostaglandins in the process. 5. This inflammatory activity may be partly responsible for some of the in vivo activities ascribed to IL-2. PMID- 3498524 TI - Transfer of cell-mediated immunity to HIV antigens in vivo to a Cebus monkey and in vitro to human lymphocytes with xenogeneic immune RNA. AB - 1. Immune RNA (iRNA) was extracted from the spleen of a sheep immunized with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens. 2. The transfer of cell-mediated immunity to HIV antigens was accomplished by injecting iRNA into a Cebus monkey, as evaluated in vitro by leukocyte migration inhibition. The in vitro treatment of normal human leukocytes with iRNA also promoted the inhibition of leukocyte migration in the presence of HIV antigens. 3. These findings have important theoretical and potential practical applications in the field of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3498526 TI - Mania following head injury. A report of two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Secondary mania has been described in association with a variety of physical conditions. While there have been a number of reports of mania occurring in individuals with intracranial cerebral lesions, there have been few reporting its occurrence in association with non-penetrating cerebral trauma. Two further cases of mania following non-penetrating head injury and the efficacy of ECT in its management are reported, and a brief review of the literature relating to the subject is given. PMID- 3498527 TI - The ischaemic leg as a source of complement activation. AB - Complement activation before and after surgical resection was studied in 40 patients with ischaemic legs (17 with acute and 23 with chronic ischaemia). Plasma anaphylatoxin concentrations (C3a and C5a) and anaphylatoxin inhibitor (AI) activity were studied pre-operatively, and 1 h, 24 h and 1 week postoperatively. Increased plasma anaphylatoxin concentrations were found pre operatively. Anaphylatoxin levels in plasma had returned to normal one week postoperatively. Patients with acute ischaemia had higher plasma C3a and C5a pre operatively and during the first 24 h postoperatively than patients with chronic ischaemia. Anaphylatoxins increase vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction and histamine release from mast cells. Their enhanced activity might be one of the explanations for respiratory, hepatic and renal insufficiency before surgical resection in patients with extensive ischaemia. PMID- 3498528 TI - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage from a second source in patients with colonic angiodysplasia. AB - Angiodysplasia of the colon is increasingly recognized as a cause of obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage. On review of 71 patients with angiodysplasia, 40 came to surgery. Of these, nine (22.5 per cent) were also found to have small bowel lesions, either at the original laparotomy (7) or later when further investigations were performed for recurrent bleeding. Angiodysplasia can only be confidently diagnosed as the source of blood loss if seen to be actively bleeding. If a synchronous small bowel lesion is seen, we recommend that it should be removed at the same time as the colectomy. PMID- 3498529 TI - Correlations between glucose metabolic rates in brain regions of healthy male adults at rest and during language stimulation. AB - This study examines the effect of different behavioral conditions on patterns of correlation between regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Cerebral glucose metabolism was determined with positron emission tomography and (11C) deoxyglucose in 29 normal subjects between the ages of 23 and 55. Seventeen subjects were studied in an unstimulated (resting) condition and 12 subjects during a phoneme monitoring language stimulation. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for whole brain glucose metabolism, were calculated for pairs of metabolic rates in 14 cortical and 2 subcortical regions. Both stimulated and unstimulated subjects showed statistically significant correlations between left and right hemisphere homologs. The stimulated subjects also showed significant within-hemisphere correlations between left but not right hemisphere regions. These included left perisylvian regions classically associated with language functions (left inferior frontal, left superior temporal and left transverse temporal cortical regions) as well as other regions. Significant correlations between left regions and a right superior temporal region were also found. In general, these findings show a pattern of cross hemisphere symmetry at rest and of hemisphere asymmetry during stimulation. Moreover, the asymmetry observed during stimulation appears to be superimposed upon a pattern of cross-hemisphere symmetry similar to that observed in the unstimulated state. PMID- 3498530 TI - Phorbol diester TPA elicits prostaglandin E release from cultured rat astrocytes. AB - The tumor promoting compound 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) specifically binds to and activates protein kinase C (PKC). This enzyme is widely distributed in the brain. It plays a pivotal role in transmembrane signalling. Arachidonic acid conversion is a common cellular response to membrane perturbation. We report that TPA evokes synthesis and release of the cyclo oxygenation product prostaglandin E by cultured rat astrocytes. The inert stereo isomer 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, was devoid of stimulatory activity. We conclude that activation of PKC is a crucial step in the initiation of the arachidonic acid cascade in astrocytes. It is suggested that production of proinflammatory and immunomodulating mediators derived from arachidonate by astrocytes may be relevant in the context of normal and aberrant immune responses within the central nervous system. PMID- 3498531 TI - MPTP, impairment of motor performance and amine accumulation in Macaca fascicularis. AB - The selective neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was injected (IV) into monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in two different injection regimes. With the small dose regime, one monkey was injected with 0.25 mg/kg, every other day, over a 16 day period. In the large dose regime, another monkey was injected with 0.5 mg/kg every other day, over an 8 day period. While the time required for drug delivery was varied between animals, the total dose delivered was 2 mg/kg in both animals. Before, during and for 14 days after the course of drug administration both animals were assessed on several motor function tests. The animal receiving the small dose regime showed normal motor performance on all tests for the duration of the study, however, the monkey receiving the large dose regime displayed progressive akinesia, muscular rigidity, and aphagia. In fact, impairment was so severe that this animal had to be force fed and maintained with daily oral L-dopa. Fluorescent histochemical assessment of forebrain in both monkeys revealed that striatal tissue was totally devoid of fluorescence in both cases. Large, swollen axons in the internal capsule, hypothalamus and midbrain were visible only in the severely impaired animal. These results suggest that, as with other neurotoxins, degeneration associated increases in amines may be important in the aetiology of Parkinson-like motor impairment produced by selective neurotoxins. PMID- 3498532 TI - Biodistribution of ricin toxin A chain-monoclonal antibody 791T/36 immunotoxin and influence of hepatic blocking agents. AB - Immunotoxin constructed by conjugating ricin A chain to monoclonal antibody 791T/36 has a markedly altered biodistribution when compared to unconjugated antibody. This is principally manifest as hepatic uptake of immunotoxin which appears to be controlled by the ricin A chain (RTA) moiety. This was established by comparing the blood survival and organ distribution of immunotoxin with that of ricin A chain and free antibody using preparations in which either the RTA or antibody, alone or as components of the immunotoxin, was radiolabeled. Gel filtration chromatography of sera from immunotoxin treated animals demonstrated a preferential blood clearance of immunotoxin with high RTA-antibody ratio. Hepatic uptake is dependent upon Kupffer cell recognition of mannose-containing oligosaccharide structures on the RTA moiety of immunotoxin. Mannose-containing blocking agents given with immunotoxin were shown to prolong circulation time of the immunotoxin in blood including those species with higher RTA-monoclonal antibody ratios and reduce liver uptake. Effective blocking agents include ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and mannosyl-lysine (Man3Ly2). These studies demonstrate that agents specifically inhibiting hepatic uptake of immunotoxin significantly alter biodistribution and may improve their therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 3498533 TI - Enhancement of folate analogue transport inward in L1210 cells during methotrexate therapy of leukemic mice: evidence of the nature of the effect, possible host mediation, and pharmacokinetic significance. AB - Studies are described that sought the basis for a discrepancy in values for a key kinetic parameter of methotrexate transport (influx Vmax) in L1210 cells derived alternately from biochemical or pharmacokinetic measurements. Our results show that, within a short period of time following administration of a therapeutic dose of methotrexate to leukemic mice, influx of this folate analogue measured in L1210 cells removed from these mice was markedly stimulated. Enhancement of [3H]methotrexate influx in these cells was observed within 15 min of drug administration, was maximum (up to 3-fold) within 2 to 3 h, then decreased with time until 24 h when influx was at the control level. Measurements of [3H]methotrexate influx in cells removed from drug-treated mice were made after a period of incubation in drug-free medium to allow for efflux of exchangeable drug. Enhanced influx of [3H]methotrexate was accounted for by an increase in influx Vmax (influx Km was unchanged) and was further enhanced (to a total of 5 fold) by coadministration of leucovorin. Also, enhancement of influx of [3H]methotrexate in L1210 cells did not occur following administration of 1-beta D-arabinofuranosylcytidine at a therapeutically equivalent dose to leukemic mice or following exposure of these cells to methotrexate or methotrexate with leucovorin during growth in culture. Methotrexate therapy did not affect all transport systems, since the same therapy of leukemic mice had no effect on influx of the purine nucleoside analogue, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2 fluoroadenine, in these same L1210 cells. These findings suggest that stimulation of [3H]methotrexate influx in L1210 cells during therapy with this folate analogue was not due to transstimulation during exchange between folate compounds and was not related to the antiproliferative effect of methotrexate on these tumor cells. The coadministration of cycloheximide with methotrexate to leukemic mice at a dose which markedly inhibited 3H-leucine incorporation into L1210 cell protein severely diminished the stimulation of [3H]methotrexate influx. However, in L1210 cells removed from leukemic mice treated with methotrexate, there was no increase compared to control cells in affinity labeling with the N hydroxysuccinimide ester of [3H]methotrexate. This suggested that the effect of cycloheximide was not on increased synthesis of folate transporter and that increased rate of translocation of folate transporter, rather than increased amount of transporter, accounted for the increase in [3H]methotrexate influx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498534 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells: culture conditions for the generation of maximal in vitro cytotoxicity in cells from normal donors. AB - The current method for generating lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for use in human clinical trials is both labor intensive and expensive. Therefore, we altered cell culture conditions to determine whether LAK cells with enhanced lytic activity could be generated. Culture of normal human peripheral blood leukocytes for 7 days generated LAK cells with 4-fold more lytic activity than culture for 3 days. Although cell viability over this 7-day period dropped from 94% on Day 3 to 73% by Day 7, the recovery of cells from culture increased from 61 to 106%. If cells were exposed to CO2, lytic activity was further enhanced by up to 30-fold. Culture at a density of 1 or 2.5 X 10(6) cells/ml caused no difference in cell viability, recovery, or LAK activity when cells were cultured for up to 4 days; however, when cells were cultured for longer times, an initial density of 1 X 10(6) cells/ml yielded maximal LAK activity. Several commercially available serum-free defined media as well as human serum albumin supported LAK cell activation comparable to serum-containing media over a 4-day culture period. One defined medium, AIM V, supported LAK cell activation over a 7-day period even when cells were cultured at a density twice as high (2 X 10(6) cells/ml) as cells cultured in serum-containing medium. The results demonstrate that simple manipulation of human LAK cell culture conditions generates cells with greatly enhanced lytic activity and that serum-containing medium may not be necessary for generating LAK cells under the current clinical protocols. PMID- 3498535 TI - New n.m.r.-spectroscopic approaches for structural studies of polysaccharides: application to the Haemophilus influenzae type a capsular polysaccharide. AB - The extension of several modern nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopic techniques to polysaccharides is discussed and illustrated, using the native Haemophilus influenzae type a capsular polysaccharide. These techniques provide for the unambiguous assignment of all n.m.r. resonances (1H, 13C, and 31P) via high-sensitivity homonuclear and 1H-detected heteronuclear correlations, and they are capable of locating the intersaccharide linkages (both O-linked and phosphoric diester-linked) and appended groups (e.g. O-acetyl groups). To illustrate the power and sensitivity of these methods, a 10-mg sample of the H. Influenzae type a polysaccharide (repeat unit mol. wt. = 376) was studied. The combined acquisition time for the two-dimensional 1H-13C correlation data (one bond and multiple-bond), the 1H-31P correlation data, and the 1H-1H (homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn) data was approximately 18 h. PMID- 3498536 TI - An attempt to record neuronal activity in the paraventricular organ of Rana esculenta by means of a direct access to the infundibular recess. AB - In submammalian vertebrates, the paraventricular organ (PVO) of the third ventricle is a complex circumventricular structure composed of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and corresponding deeper formations of nerve cells. A new in-vivo technique enables us to approach the paraventricular organ of the frog, Rana esculenta, via the lobus infundibularis. In this preparation, blood flow in the capillary loops beneath the PVO and the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid in the infundibular recess can be directly observed. Electrical recordings of neural activity in and near the PVO show continuous and phasic, spontaneous activity. Light stimulation of the retina and direct illumination of the brain were not followed by alterations of nerve cell activity. A major problem in the electrophysiological investigation is the diminution in spontaneous activity of the recorded neurons after exchange of CSF. PMID- 3498537 TI - Role of macrophages as modulators but not as autonomous accessory cells in the proliferative response of immune T cells to soluble antigen. AB - The role of murine macrophages (M phi) and that of splenic dendritic cells (DC) were investigated in the antigen-specific proliferative response of memory T cells of mice primed with key-hole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 6 weeks or more before. Peritoneal M phi, whether expressing Ia antigens or not, did not function as autonomous accessory cells (A cells). A-cell activity of the spleen adherent cell population, which comprised M phi in the majority and DC in the minority, was abolished by eliminating DC with a DC-specific monoclonal antibody and complement, and regained by the addition of a small number of DC. Though M phi did not function as autonomous A cells, they augmented the proliferative response in the presence of a small number of DC. This occurred not only in the presence of free antigen, but also when DC and/or M phi were pulsed with antigen. A culture supernatant of M phi having interleukin-1 activity was effective in enhancing the proliferation of T cells which responded to antigen-pulsed DC. On the other hand, interleukin-2 did not replace DC even in the presence of antigen pulsed Ia+ M phi. We also investigated recently primed T cells, but no evidence was obtained in favor of the competence of M phi as autonomous A cells. PMID- 3498538 TI - Role of cytokines in the monocyte-mediated augmentation of human natural killer cell activity. AB - Previous work has shown that normal human monocytes can augment natural killer (NK) cell activity both when mixed with enriched null cells in the assay and when precultured with enriched null cells and removed prior to testing. The data presented here show that a 4-hr preculture period is superior to slightly longer periods (10-12 hr) for demonstrating the augmentation. The role of cytokines in the monocyte effect was then investigated using a variety of antibody and recombinant reagents. Both monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to IL-1 and IL-2 inhibited the monocyte effect, whereas antibodies against IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma from both sources had no effect. Of these cytokines, only IL-1 could be demonstrated (using a sensitive IL-1-dependent-IL-2 synthesis assay) in the supernatants of 4-hr cultures of monocytes plus null cells or null cells only. The ability to detect IL-1 was specifically inhibited by rabbit antibody to human IL-1 at 1:20 and 1:200 dilutions, but only the greater concentration inhibited the monocyte effect on NK activity. In contrast, the detection of soluble IL-1 was not inhibited by including monoclonal anti-IL-1 (1:20 dilution) in the 4-hr culture, although the same reagent abrogated the monocyte effect under these conditions. Recombinant IL-1 (up to 100 units/ml) did not augment NK activity either when added to the assay or when precultured for 4 hr with enriched null cells, whereas either recombinant IL-2 or monocytes were effective under these conditions. These results provide the first evidence for a cellular, and potentially physiologic, basis for the regulation of NK activity by IL-1 and IL 2, which had been previously known to act at pharmacologic levels in vitro. PMID- 3498539 TI - Attenuation of collagen arthritis and modulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity by type II collagen reactive T-cell lines. AB - T-cell lines were established from the lymph node cells of syngeneic Louvain (LOU) rats previously immunized with native chick type II collagen (CII) emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The CII lines proliferated in vitro to type II collagen but not to type I collagen, ovalbumin (OV), or PPD. Control lines, developed from LOU rats immunized with OV emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, were OV specific because they did not respond to other antigens in vitro. CII line cells could adoptively transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) but did not induce IgG antibody production to collagen. Moreover, the intravenous administration of 2 X 10(7) CII line cells prevented the subsequent induction of collagen arthritis following immunization and suppressed DTH to collagen without affecting antibody responses in the recipients. Spleen cells, but not sera, from these resistant rats decreased CII line reactivity in vitro. OV or irradiated CII lines had no effect on clinical or immunologic parameters in this model. These findings demonstrate protection from arthritis afforded by T cell line transfer and suggest that the phenomenon results from down-regulation of the recipients' cellular immunity to collagen. PMID- 3498540 TI - Inhibition of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice by anti-I-A antibodies. AB - Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis is induced in mice by immunization with thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. The disease is characterized both by thyroid infiltration with mononuclear cells and by circulating thyroglobulin antibodies. The magnitude of the thyroid infiltration and the titer of thyroglobulin antibodies are controlled by genes in the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2). We investigated the in vivo effect of monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in susceptible mice. Antibodies were given around the time of immunization, later after immunization, and to mice with established disease. Monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma line 10-3.6 (anti-I-Ak, s, u, v, z, f) completely prevented both production of thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid infiltrates, when given shortly before or at the time of antigen administration. This effect was dose-dependent and this monoclonal antibody decreased the severity of the disease when given after the antigen challenge but did not fully suppress established thyroiditis. The same antibody markedly decreased the number of B lymphocytes in the spleen and decreased the thyroglobulin-induced spleen cell proliferation when either given in vivo or added in vitro to cell cultures. Antibodies produced by the hybridoma line 11.2.12 (anti-I-Ak) did not show an inhibitory effect on the disease. These experiments suggest that in this model of murine thyroiditis anti-Ia antibodies act on antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, only one monoclonal antibody, anti-Ia, suppressed the immune response to thyroglobulin, suggesting a possible role for the isotype and specificity of anti-Ia antibody. PMID- 3498541 TI - The phosphatidylinositol response is an early event in the physiologically relevant activation of antigen-specific B lymphocytes. AB - Receptor ligand-induced turnover of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol (PI) has been implicated as part of a membrane receptor signal transduction system in a number of mammalian cell types. Signaling through B-lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin (sIg2) has been explored polyclonally through the use of anti-Ig reagents, with the assumption that anti-Ig mimics the process of antigen binding to the antigen-specific cell. We have utilized a method of obtaining trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific populations of B lymphocytes in order to determine if antigen binding to these antigen-specific cells initiates PI turnover. This method has allowed us to explore the membrane phospholipid events following antigen binding directly, rather than with inference from the anti-Ig system. We have found that both thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens (with the exception of TNP-lipopolysaccharide) produced an increase in PI turnover comparable to that generated by anti-IgM stimulation. The lack of increased PI turnover following TNP-LPS stimulation may be attributable to the action of LPS on the biochemical events of the PI cycle. In a B-cell subpopulation depleted of antigen-specific cells, only anti-IgM produced a PI effect. These results represent the first demonstration of PI turnover as an early activation event in a physiologically relevant lymphocyte system. PMID- 3498542 TI - Macrophage colony-stimulating activity is produced by three different EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - The lymphoblastoid cell lines BLY 9.84, Gl, and Pl constitutively release a colony-stimulating activity (CSA) which specifically stimulates murine macrophage progenitor cells in vitro. The biochemical characterization of BLY 9.84-derived CSA exhibits a molecular size of apparently 150-200 kDa even under dissociating conditions with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or inhibition of glycosylation. Production of this CSA is inhibited by cycloheximide and its activity is destroyed by reduction with dithiothreitol. Replating experiments give evidence for a functional similarity with CSF-1 (macrophage colony-stimulating factor). PMID- 3498543 TI - Studies of the role of mast cells in contact sensitivity responses. Passive transfer of the reaction into mast cell-deficient mice locally reconstituted with cultured mast cells: effect of reserpine on transfer of the reaction with DNP specific cloned T cells. AB - The role of mast cells in the elicitation of contact sensitivity (CS) responses was evaluated by transferring different aliquots of the same preparations of immune lymph node cells (I-LNC) into naive, genetically mast cell-deficient (WBB6F1-W/Wv or WCB6F1-S1/S1d) mice and the corresponding congenic normal (+/+) mice. We found that the 24-hr CS responses elicited in the recipient mast cell deficient mice were statistically indistinguishable from those in the congenic +/+ mice according to four different criteria: micrometer measurements of ear swelling, ratios of the weight or [125I]iododeoxyuridine-labeled leukocyte infiltration-associated cpm in challenged and contralateral control ears, and amount of 125I-fibrin deposition. We also transferred I-LNC into WBB6F1-W/Wv mice which, 5 months earlier, had undergone local repair of their mast cell deficiency by the intradermal injection (into the left ear only) of growth factor-dependent cultured mast cells derived from congenic +/+ mice. When 24-hr CS responses were elicited in both ears of these mice, the reactions in the mast cell-reconstituted left ears were similar to those in the mast cell-deficient right ears. We also found that treatment of antigen-specific cloned T cells with reserpine in vitro markedly impaired their ability to transfer reactivity for CS, providing further evidence that reserpine can interfere with the expression of T-cell-mediated responses through effects independent of its action on mast cells. PMID- 3498544 TI - Persistence of influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells and B-cell memory after primary murine influenza virus infection. AB - Influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), enumerated using an ELISA-plaque assay, were found in the lung and spleen up to 18 months after primary murine influenza infection. The number of ASCs generated in stimulated lung and spleen cell cultures increased 50- to 200-fold after influenza infection. Whereas the level of response did not change in spleen cell cultures up to 18 months after infection, there was a gradual reduction in ASCs in lung cell cultures obtained more than 6 months after infection, predominantly due to a reduction in B memory cells. Homotypic re-infection increased ASCs in the lung only, whereas B-cell memory increased in both the lung and spleen. Although ASCs increased in both the lung and spleen after heterotypic challenge, ASCs and B cell memory specific for the original subtype were not increased. PMID- 3498546 TI - Electronic anesthesia. Electrotherapy in medicine. PMID- 3498545 TI - Electronic anesthesia. Pain modulation. PMID- 3498547 TI - Electronic anesthesia. An effective substitute. PMID- 3498548 TI - Electronic anesthesia. H-wave and TMJ treatment. PMID- 3498549 TI - Electronic anesthesia. Research and thoughts. PMID- 3498550 TI - Isolation and initial biochemical characterisation of caps of two major rat thymocyte glycoproteins: evidence for the involvement of a 205 K Con A binding protein and cytoskeletal components in capping. AB - Two major rat thymocyte surface glycoproteins, the leucocyte-common (L-C) antigen and the leucocyte sialoglycoprotein (LSGP), were induced to cap independently, using the specific monoclonal antibodies OX-1 and W3/13, respectively, and an appropriate fluorescently labeled second antibody layer. The caps were subsequently isolated from detergent extracted cells by a procedure involving gentle shearing. TRITC-phalloidin staining of the isolated caps demonstrated the presence of F-actin within these structures, and lectin-affinity staining after fractionation on SDS polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of a concanavalin A (Con A) binding protein of relative molecular weight (Mr) 205,000, gp205, in both the L-C antigen and LSGP caps, but absent from the detergent-insoluble residue isolated from unchallenged cells. These results suggest that gp205 may be involved in the association of cross-linked glycoproteins with the cytoskeleton during capping. PMID- 3498551 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3498552 TI - Ciprofloxacin inhibition of cefoxitin betalactamase induction in an Enterobacter cloacae strain. AB - The betalactamase activity of an Enterobacter cloacae strain was measured using subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin respectively as enzyme inducer and induction inhibitor. Cultures of this strain were also exposed to different ceftriaxone concentrations either alone or in the presence of cefoxitin and/or ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin at subinhibitory concentrations does not interfere with ceftriaxone's activity and is capable of neutralizing the antagonistic effect of cefoxitin on ceftriaxone. The enzyme assay and MS-2 System demonstrate ciprofloxacin's partial suppression of cefoxitin betalactamase induction in the E. cloacae strain tested. PMID- 3498553 TI - [Nursing of aged patients with vertigo and rehabilitative training]. PMID- 3498554 TI - [Colonic hemorrhage caused by vascular dysplasia. Surgical treatment]. AB - On the basis of their own clinical experience and the data provided in the literature, the authors examine the question of the surgical therapy of the two main dysplastic diseases of the colon, i.e. colonic angiodysplasia and angiomatosis. While the larger cavernous angiomas necessarily call for surgery, large-bowel angiodysplasia and capillary angiomas, which are disease falling primarily within the internist's sphere of competence, may be treated conservatively, when symptomatic, by endoscopic electrocoagulation, though a surgical approach may be contemplated in that small percentage of cases presenting coagulopathy or frequent, intense haemorrhages with a severe anaemic tendency. PMID- 3498555 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhage (observations on 201 cases)]. AB - The results obtained in 201 cases of haemorrhage of the higher tract of the digestive tube are reported. The role of early endoscopy (less than 24 h) and that of a "rigorous" selection of patients for surgery treatment are emphasized. The value of surgical resection in serious haemorrhage of chronic peptic ulcus is confirmed by the satisfactory results obtained. PMID- 3498556 TI - [Self-monitoring of blood glucose and diabetic dyschromatopsia]. PMID- 3498557 TI - Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from freshly harvested porcine endothelial cells. AB - Vascular relaxation in rabbit aortic preparations induced by acetylcholine is endothelium-dependent. The nature of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) has not been ascertained because it is very labile (reported half-life 6 50 seconds). To obtain a stable source of EDRF, a system was developed in which the relaxing factor was continuously produced by freshly harvested porcine endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were collected from aortas by exposing the endothelial lining to collagenase 0.1%. Cells were washed and concentrated by repeated centrifugation to obtain a high cell count (7.2 X 10(6) cells/ml). Endothelium-deprived aortic strips from rabbits were incubated in these cells suspended in tissue culture medium and fetal calf serum. The strips were precontracted with histamine. Acetylcholine was added to induce EDRF release. Significant relaxation of endothelium-deprived aortic strips was observed. Superoxide dismutase, an enzyme known to protect EDRF against inactivation, caused further relaxation, which was inhibited by the addition of hemoglobin, an agent known to inhibit the relaxing action of EDRF. Even without the addition of acetylcholine, hemoglobin caused contraction of the denuded aortic strips in suspension of porcine endothelial cells, demonstrating spontaneous EDRF release. Hemoglobin had no effect in cell-free medium. Endothelial-cell-dependent relaxation occurred without attachment of endothelial cells to the endothelium deprived aortic strips: when the cell suspension was replaced by cell-free medium, relaxation did not occur after acetylcholine. Scanning electron microscopy showed no attachment of endothelial cells to the subendothelial layer. It can be concluded that freshly harvested endothelial cells produce endothelium derived relaxing factor with an without stimulation by acetylcholine. PMID- 3498558 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts. AB - To assess the efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in evaluating graft patency after coronary bypass surgery, 20 patients who had prior surgery (average 5.5 years, range 1.5 to 14) and recent cardiac catheterization because of chest pain were studied. No patient had surgical intervention or change in symptoms in the time interval between catheterization and MR imaging. These 20 patients had a total of 47 grafts, defined as proximal anastomoses: 20 to the left anterior descending or diagonal artery (LAD), 13 to the left circumflex artery marginal branches (LCX), and 14 to the right coronary artery or posterior descending artery (RCA). The patients underwent cardiac and respiratory gated MR scans in a 0.5 tesla magnet with an echo time of 22 msec and two repetitions in a 128 X 256 matrix. In-plane resolution was 2.7 mm. Every patient had a scan in the transaxial plane and some underwent scanning in the sagittal and coronal planes as well. A graft was considered patent by MR when a signal-free lumen was visualized in an anatomic position consistent with that of a bypass graft, had a lumen larger than the native vessels, was seen on more than one slice, and was seen at a level higher than that of the native vessels. If a known graft was not seen it was considered occluded. The scans were interpreted by consensus of two physicians aware of the operative but not the cardiac catheterization data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498559 TI - Influence of gastric emptying on the PABA test. AB - Serum and urine PABA curves monitored in 13 healthy volunteers were analysed and compared with curves from 11 healthy volunteers after administration of the gastrokinetic agent domperidone. Both in serum and in urine less variation in the PABA curves was observed after domperidone. Results without domperidone were subdivided in a group with normal gastric emptying (I) and a group with slow gastric emptying (II), based upon the time at which the serum PABA peak was found. Maximal serum PABA concentration, serum PABA at t = 60 min, lagphase and t1/2 for urinary excretion, and % PABA excretion from 0-3 h, 3-6 h and 0-6 h differed significantly between the two groups. Instead, no differences were found between subgroup I and volunteers after concomitant domperidone administration. In summary, PABA test results in serum and urine are influenced by variations in gastric emptying. Domperidone corrects for delayed gastric emptying and thereby narrows the range of normal PABA excretion values. PMID- 3498560 TI - Reinvestigations into the formation and assay of C3bBbP complexes. AB - C3bBbP complex formation was studied by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Microtitre plates were coated with anti-P to trap the complexes and peroxidase labelled anti-C3 was used to detect them with the help of substrates of peroxidase. Incubation of normal serum pool (NSP) at 37 degrees C in the presence of high concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.5 mmol/l) of Mg2+, usually used in alternative pathway (AP) assay systems, caused the generation of C3bBbP complexes. This generation was not observed when NSP was incubated in the presence of low Mg2+ concentration (less than or equal to 0.2 mmol/l) or EDTA. The concentration of Mg2+ required for maximum complex formation was 2.0 mmol/l under the experimental conditions. Complexes could not be generated in B-depleted serum. Incubation of NSP with endotoxin or CoVF in the presence of 0.2 mmol/l Mg2+ caused the generation of the complexes. The generation was influenced by ionic strength in the incubation mixture. Endotoxin and Mg2+-dependent generation of complexes could not be detected when peroxidase-labelled anti-B was used instead of peroxidase-labelled anti-C3. Serum incubated with 0.2 mmol/l Mg2+ or EDTA apparently detected in vivo formed complexes whereas that incubated with 0.2 mmol/l Mg2+ and endotoxin reflected the complex forming capacity of the serum. The serum of a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon having 45% of normal AP activity did not show increased amounts of preformed complexes but had the ability to generate the complexes to a level of about 45% of that attainable by NSP. These observations suggest that the ELISA used here has the potential of detecting activation as well as the integrity of the AP under carefully controlled conditions. PMID- 3498561 TI - Basal and stimulated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a recently discovered peptide whose existence was first predicted following sequence analysis of the rat calcitonin gene. In the present study, plasma levels of CGRP were measured in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, both basally and following calcium or pentagastrin stimulation. Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for CGRP, 19 of 21 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma had elevated plasma levels of immunoreactive CGRP (median value 114 pmol/l) while 23 normal subjects had plasma CGRP levels below the detection limit of the assay (less than 10 pmol/l). Calcium or pentagastrin infusion in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients were potent stimuli to CGRP release, increasing plasma levels two- to five-fold. Chromatographic characterization using high pressure liquid chromatography of the CGRP immunoreactivity in plasma from two patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid demonstrated the presence of two molecular forms, neither of which co eluted with synthetic human CGRP. The role of CGRP in the pathophysiology of medullary thyroid carcinoma is not clear but it may contribute to some of the clinical features associated with the disease. Furthermore, measurement of CGRP in conjunction with calcitonin could help in determining the prognosis of these patients. PMID- 3498562 TI - Immunohistochemical study of calcitonin gene-related peptide in human medullary carcinoma and C cell hyperplasia. AB - The distribution of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been studied by immunohistochemistry in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic C cells. Fewer normal C cells contained immunoreactive CGRP than calcitonin, though both peptides can be co-expressed by a single cell. In the hyperplastic C cells that accompany familial medullary carcinoma immunohistochemistry was strongly and diffusely positive for both CGRP and calcitonin. In contrast, in medullary carcinoma, whether sporadic or familial, little CGRP was identified; often only a few strongly positive cells were found in a negative background, while immunoreactive calcitonin was commonly present in large amounts. The findings suggest that CGRP immunohistochemistry may be of value in identifying hyperplastic C cells, and that CGRP levels should be studied in medullary carcinoma families. PMID- 3498563 TI - Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. PMID- 3498564 TI - Iron-related disturbances of cell-mediated immunity in multitransfused children with thalassemia major. AB - Immunological abnormalities have been observed in many haemophiliacs receiving clotting factor concentrates. To determine whether similar changes also occur after repeated blood transfusions we estimated T cell subsets and cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (CDH) in 50 multitransfused children with beta thalassemia major (beta-TM). All patients were also tested for anti-HTLV-III/LAV antibodies. A diminished percentage of T lymphocytes (E-rosettes, T3+), and T4+ cells and a low T4/T8 ratio was found in patients as compared to age and sex matched controls (P less than 0.001). Negative CDH tests to specific antigens (Multi-test) were also found in a significantly larger proportion of beta-TM children (P less than 0.01). Antibodies against HTLV-III/LAV were negative in all patients. Decreased T4/T8 ratio in beta-TM children was primarily due to a reduction of T4+ cells and was inversely correlated to the patients' age, number of units of transfused blood (P less than 0.05) and especially to ferritin serum levels and annual iron balance (P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that immunological abnormalities in beta-TM patients appear to be acquired, transfusion-associated and related to iron load which depends on the appropriate chelation therapy. PMID- 3498565 TI - Interleukin 2 synthesis in the presence of steroids: a model of steroid resistance. AB - In this study interleukin 2 (IL-2) synthesis by human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of prednisolone in a group of normal subjects has been assessed. An association between suppression in vitro of induced phytohaemagglutinin blastogenesis by prednisolone and synthesis of IL-2 was found. Those subjects whose lymphocytes are identified as steroid-resistant have significantly higher IL-2 activity in the supernatants of both steroid and non-steroid treated lymphocyte cultures than steroid sensitive subjects. The addition of exogenous IL 2 was found to ablate the suppressive effects of steroids on lymphocyte blastogenesis. These results suggest that significantly greater activity of IL-2 in the culture supernatants of steroid resistant subjects may represent a mechanism for glucocorticoid resistance in vitro and help explain the relationship between increased loss of grafts and steroid resistance in renal allograft recipients. PMID- 3498566 TI - Serum IgD elevation is an early marker of B cell activation during infection with the human immunodeficiency viruses. AB - Serum IgD levels in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) were studied as a means of monitoring the character and timing of B cell activation in individuals with this infection. Significantly increased levels of IgD were characteristic of homosexual men who were HIV seropositive but asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. The hyper IgD globulinaemia became progressively more pronounced in patients with increasingly severe infection and reached its most marked level in patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). In ARC patients, IgD levels were increased 8.8-fold above normal which was disproportionately greater than the 2.4-fold increase in IgG, the 1.8-fold increase in IgA and the 1.6-fold increase in IgM. IgD levels declined in AIDS patients (although remained elevated compared to controls). The data suggest that an unusual type of B cell activation is responsible for the unique pattern of hypergammaglobulinaemia seen in this disease and that the B cell activation occurs early in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, often before development of symptoms, and continues throughout the course of infection. PMID- 3498567 TI - Lymphocyte migration in murine malaria during the primary patent parasitaemia of Plasmodium chabaudi infections. AB - Inoculation of adult C57/BC mice with 10(6) red cells infected with Plasmodium chabaudi induces an acute primary parasitaemia peaking around the 8th or 9th day and lasting 10-14 days. Concomitantly, the spleen enlarges to reach 6-7 times its normal weight by the 11th day. The major component of this increase is between day 9 and 11, due primarily to an increase in erythropoietic cells in the red pulp. Although initially the white pulp increases in size, by day 11 it shows partial lymphocyte depletion which coincides with the occurrence of massive absolute lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood. 3H-Thymidine labelling in vivo suggests that this lymphocytosis is not due to lymphocytopoiesis. Collectively, these findings suggest a redistribution of lymphocytes. Lymphocyte migration was investigated around peak parasitaemia, using enriched populations of T and B cells labelled with 51Cr. The traffic patterns of these cells were followed over 36 h. These studies show decreased uptake (or decreased retention) of T and B cells by spleens of infected mice. Concomitantly, there is increased retention of T and B cells in the liver and lungs of infected mice, suggesting a complex redistribution of these cells. Lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes was unimpaired in these animals. Similar changes in T and B cell migration do not occur in Babesia microti infections in C57/BL mice. We relate our findings to histological and histochemical changes in the liver and spleen of malarious mice and discuss the significance of these findings to immunosuppression in malaria and to the development of parasiticidal immunity. PMID- 3498569 TI - The primary and secondary cellular immune responses to whole cell Bordetella pertussis vaccine and its components. AB - The cellular immune responses of Balb/c mice and Wistar rats immunized in hind footpads with intact killed Bordetella pertussis were found to differ from those of similar animals immunized with other bacteria including Bordetella bronchiseptica, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. All the bacteria stimulated increases in cell number, proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in popliteal lymph nodes which peaked 3-5 days after injection and decreased to resting levels by day 7. However, B. pertussis also caused a second peak in all three parameters at 11 days after immunization. This peak was not seen following injection with any of the other bacteria. Bordetella pertussis also caused systemic effects, increased cellular proliferation in bone marrow and thymus, with similar biphasic kinetics. It possesses a potent toxin, distinguishing it from the closely related B. bronchiseptica. The use of purified materials confirmed that the presence of this pertussis toxin (PT) was responsible for the later peak in stimulation, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with PT and also the filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) could mimic the early peak of stimulation. Primary immunization with B. pertussis was also shown to generate lymph node cells which responded in vitro to secondary challenge with B. pertussis cells, FHA or PT. Both proliferation and IL-2 production were enhanced, except with FHA which only increased IL-2 production. Lymph node cells from mice immunized with E. coli showed no such responses. PMID- 3498570 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys: II. Treatment of EAE with anti-T lymphocyte subset monoclonal antibodies. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in rhesus monkeys by immunization with bovine brain homogenate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Four monkeys were treated with anti-CD4 (OKT4+4A) monoclonal antibodies after the onset of clinical signs. One monkey developed a chronic-progressive course of EAE and was killed after a significantly prolonged disease of 19 days. One monkey had a relapse and survived with stable neurological signs. Two monkeys fully recovered. OKT4+4A treatment resulted in a short-term clearance of CD4+ lymphocytes and a reduction in granulocytes. Granulocytes may be attracted to the brain by chemotactic factors produced by CD4+ lymphocytes and are responsible for the development of the lethal granulocytic lesions. Clearance of CD4+ lymphocytes successfully prevented granulocytes from migrating to the brain. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive lesions during an acute attack, but these lesions became undetectable when the monkeys recovered. These results indicate that treatment with OKT4+4A can successfully reverse clinical signs of EAE. Four untreated monkeys and one monkey treated with OKT8F died of acute EAE within 3 days of the onset of clinical signs. PMID- 3498568 TI - Definition of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific target antigens recognized by cytotoxic T cells in acute HBV infection. AB - We have investigated the specificity of cell-mediated cytotoxicity for autologous liver cells in 10 patients with acute hepatitis B in relation to the expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens and IgG on the surface of hepatocytes. Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was expressed on hepatocytes from six patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBcAG) from four, though always in association with HBcAg. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were significantly cytotoxic in eight of the patients, and fractionation experiments revealed that the cytotoxic effect was equally mediated by T and non-T cells. Monoclonal antibody blocking experiments showed that HBcAg was the major target antigen recognized by T cells, although some inhibition of cytotoxicity was observed after pretreatment of target cells with monoclonal anti-HBs in patients with liver cell surface HBsAg. In contrast, non-T cells were not consistently inhibited by either monoclonal anti-HBc or anti-HBs. These findings further suggest that the HBV nucleoprotein serves as a target for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 3498571 TI - Anti-cardiolipin antibodies in neurological disorders: cross-reaction with anti single stranded DNA activity. AB - Antiphospholipid (PL) antibodies have been detected in sera from patients with chronic neurological diseases associated with disorders of immunity. In an isotype specific radioimmunoassay for anti-cardiolipin (CL) antibodies, we found IgM anti-CL (greater than 2 s.d. above mean of controls) in 17/25 (68%) patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), 8/25 (32%) with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), 5/17 (29%) with multiple sclerosis and 3/11 (27%) cases of migraine. IgG anti-CL was only found in low titres in sera from 10 patients with MG and three with LEMS. Significant anti-CL activity could not be detected in sera from nine patients with acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), 12 chronic cases of epilepsy, 8/9 with oat cell carcinoma and 9/10 with acute stroke. Further tests on 39 sera with the highest anti-CL activity, from all of the above disease groups, showed a significant correlation between IgM anti-CL and IgM anti ss DNA activities. In a series of competitive inhibition assays six sera from patients with MG were shown to have a proportion of both specific and cross reactive IgM anti-CL and IgM anti-ss DNA antibodies. Anti-phospholipid antibodies occur in certain neurological diseases, at lower titres than seen in SLE, yet their cross-reactive binding to ss DNA suggests similar antibacterial origins as have been proposed for lupus auto-antibodies. In the absence of overt infection they might reflect a breakdown of tolerance for non-organ specific membrane antigens in diseases with predominantly organ specific membrane bound putative autoimmunogens. PMID- 3498572 TI - Morphological heterogeneity of Leu7, Leu11 and OKM1 positive lymphocyte subsets: an ultrastructural study with the immunogold method. AB - The morphological features of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes reactive with three monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against natural killer (NK) cells, Leu7, OKM1 (CD11b) and Leu11 (CD16) and with two anti-T cell MoAb, CD4 and CD8, have been analysed at ultrastructural level by an indirect immunogold method. Cells having the features of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) but also lymphocytes displaying different morphological characteristics (non LGL; e.g. high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and few cytoplasmic organelles) were seen reactive with each of the MoAb investigated. Leu7 identified a higher proportion of LGL (60-80%) than OKM1 (10 95%) and Leu11 (20-48%), and with a stronger binding. A distinct granular structure, recognized as parallel tubular arrays, was more characteristic of the Leu7+, CD8+ LGL and was less frequently seen in the OKM1 and Leu11 positive LGL subpopulation in four out of the five donors investigated. It is of interest that the Leu11 and OKM1 positive subsets, which correspond functionally to cells with greater NK function, had relatively less LGL than the Leu7 positive subsets, raising the issue of the true morphology of NK cells in man. The existence of a minority of CD4 positive LGL was confirmed. Our findings demonstrate that there is a degree of morphological heterogeneity within the normal NK lymphoid population as defined by the membrane phenotype and that certain variability among normal individuals regarding the proportion and structural features of the NK subpopulations may be present. PMID- 3498573 TI - Increased number of circulating Leu 11+ (CD 16) large granular lymphocytes and decreased NK activity during human ageing. AB - The phenotype and functional activity of circulating T and natural killer (NK) cells was investigated in a group of selected normal elderly donors in comparison with a group of normal young individuals. Old subjects exhibit a decline in circulating T cells and an impaired response to mitogens (Con A, PHA) associated with a relative increase in cells reacting with Leu 7 and Leu 11a monoclonal antibodies, directed against large granular lymphocytes with NK activity. The rise in circulating NK cells observed in the elderly was not associated with a concomitant increase in NK cytolytic activity against K 562 tumour cells, and time course kinetics of the cytotoxic reaction was similar to that observed in young subjects. When a greater than 95% pure population of Leu 11a+ cells from old individuals was sorted by flow cytometry and their functional cytotoxic activity examined, a significant decrease in NK cytotoxicity was detected. The target cell binding capacity of effector cells, morphologically evaluated at single cell level, did not differ in old and young subjects, even though bound cells from young donors have a higher lytic capacity. These data show that an increase in circulating NK granular lymphocytes occurs during human ageing, but suggest that in old subjects only a subset of NK cells is active in order to maintain a functional response similar to that observed in the young. PMID- 3498574 TI - Isolation and purification of ILS, an interleukin 1 inhibitor produced by human gingival epithelial cells. AB - Recent studies have described the presence of an interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibitor (ILS) in supernatants from human gingival organ cultures. This report describes the isolation and purification of ILS. ILS was produced in serum-free medium and purified to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. IL-1 and ILS eluted as discrete proteins using this system, with ILS appearing as a single protein band of 97,400 molecular weight on SDS-PAGE. ILS inhibited the effects of both murine IL-1 and IL-2 on thymocyte proliferation, and was heat resistant, moderately resistant to freeze-thawing and stable for 2 years at 0-4 degrees C or -20 degrees C. Production of ILS by gingival epithelial cell cultures was not affected by depletion of Langerhans cells, implying that ILS is primarily a keratinocyte product. PMID- 3498575 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgE by human peripheral blood leucocytes: V. Functional heterogeneity within the IgE-B-cell pool. AB - Fractionation of human peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) B cells by differential sedimentation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient separates B cell subpopulations which vary markedly in rates of spontaneous IgE synthesis, often revealing the presence of active IgE secreting cells which are totally suppressed within unfractionated PBL B cell preparations. The production in vitro of IgE by separated B cell populations from the same individual may respond disparately to an identical population of autologous T cells and to pokeweed mitogen. Kinetic studies revealed major differences in both the rates of release of cell associated IgE between these B cell populations, and their rates of de novo IgE synthesis. From a methodological viewpoint, the use of this B cell fractionation technique is demonstrated to improve greatly the efficiency of detection of T cell-responsive IgE producing B cells in peripheral blood from atopics, and from a mechanistic standpoint raises the possibility that B cell heterogeneity may modulate the functional expression of IgE-regulatory T cells signals. PMID- 3498577 TI - Western blot profiles, lymph node ultrastructure and viral expression in HIV infected patients: a correlative study. AB - Sequential immunoblotting was performed on 64 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibody profiles were related to immune function, T subsets and clinical features. In 20 patients, lymph node biopsy revealed a relationship between progressive follicular destruction, low antibody titres and ultrastructural evidence of viral replication and accumulation. Retroviral particles, including budding profiles, were confined to labyrinths formed from hypertrophied follicular dendritic (FD) cells; in some cases, including those with AIDS, the labyrinths showed degenerative changes. The demonstration of high antibody levels in asymptomatic patients with an intact FD cell network and low virion load suggests that antibody may have a protective role in vivo. Analysis of lymph node ultrastructure allows assessment of viral load and FD cell morphology. When combined with immunoblotting, it may be possible to improve prognostic stratification of patients with HIV infection. PMID- 3498576 TI - Screening for complement deficiencies in unselected patients with meningitis. AB - Two hundred and nine patients consecutively admitted to hospital with a tentative diagnosis of meningitis were screened for complement deficiency by measuring classical and alternative pathway serum haemolytic complement activity and the plasma concentration of C3d. Abnormal test results were followed up by quantitative immunochemical measurements of individual complement components. No patients with homozygous complement deficiency were found in our material. One patient with pneumococcal meningitis with probable heterozygous C2-deficiency was identified. Patients with purulent meningitis of various etiologies or meningococcal disease had significantly increased plasma C3d concentration at admission compared to patients with serous meningitis or without meningitis. Furthermore, increased plasma level of C3d at admission in patients with purulent meningitis or meningococcal disease was associated with an increased lethality. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that complement deficiency is commonly associated with sporadically occurring meningococcal disease or purulent meningitis. PMID- 3498578 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity in the peripheral blood of 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been studied. Two control groups comprised (a) nine patients with another chronic inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis) and (b) 19 normal healthy volunteers. The LAK activity induced by human recombinant IL-2 was very similar in controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis but was significantly decreased in patients with sarcoidosis, although the frequency of LAK-cell precursors measured using a limiting dilution assay was comparable in all three groups. The DNA synthetic response of peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells to IL-2 was slightly decreased in patients with both rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis as compared to controls, but this decrease was not statistically significant. Spontaneous DNA synthesis in PBM cells cultured in the absence of IL-2 was essentially identical in all three groups. We conclude on the basis of these results that the higher risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis cannot be attributed to an impairment of LAK activity. Furthermore, the doses of gamma-irradiation, which abolished the 'background' cytotoxicity of PBM cells cultured without IL-2 and also blocked effectively both spontaneous and exogenous IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis, had little effect on the generation of LAK activity. These observations are discussed in regard to the role of non-specific cytotoxic cells and the therapeutic efficacy of antiproliferative drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3498579 TI - Alteration of T cell maturation and proliferation in the mouse thymus induced by serum factors from patients with ulcerative colitis. AB - Recently it has been reported that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) often have thymus abnormalities, although the precise mechanisms which induce those abnormalities remain unclear. We have examined the effect of serum fractions from patients with UC and other colonic diseases on mouse thymus to clarify the possible existence of factors which have thymus growth activity. These fractions were separated from sera of patients with UC by gel filtration and anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. In mice given UC serum fractions; (i) remarkable increases in weight and total cell number of the thymus were observed from day 4 to day 9; (ii) a significant increase in the number of peanut agglutinin (PNA)+ thymus cells was demonstrated using flow cytometry on day 9; (iii) on quantitative analysis of surface antigens the percentage of Lyt-2+ thymus cells decreased and that of L3T4+ thymus cells increased remarkably on day 13; the number of bright Thy-1.2+ cells and of dull Lyt-1+ cells increased. In contrast, the serum fractions from patients with other colonic diseases and from normal persons caused little change in mouse thymus throughout the study. The results suggest that factors fractionated from the serum of patients with UC disturb intra-thymic T cell maturation and enhance the proliferation of thymus cells. PMID- 3498580 TI - Abnormalities in the immune system of children with beta-thalassaemia major. AB - We have studied both the humoral and cell mediated immune systems of 23 children with beta-thalassaemia major. In children who had not been splenectomized, a 3 fold expansion in the number of circulating B cells and a modest polyclonal gammopathy was present. Of these patients 70% had decreased numbers of circulating T4 cells; 83% were unresponsive to skin testing with Candida albicans, and the majority had decreased lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro. In children who had been splenectomized, there was a 10-fold increase in the number of circulating B lymphocytes and a 2-fold increase in the number of T4 and T8 cells present in peripheral blood. Additionally, these patients as a group were more responsive to both skin testing and lymphocyte stimulation in vitro with Candida albicans. Seven patients had an inverted T4/T8 ratio. One child has positive serology to HIV by ELISA and Western Blot techniques with a normal T4/T8 ratio. Thus, while children with thalassaemia are at risk for exposure to HIV, the immunological abnormalities associated with the disease and/or its treatment necessitates cautious interpretation of any AIDS-related immunological changes. PMID- 3498581 TI - Study of the biological activities of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1: II. Induction of the proliferative response and the interleukin 2 production by T cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with the toxin. AB - Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is an exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome. We investigated the proliferative response of human lymphocytes and their interleukin 2 (IL-2) production after stimulation with TSST-1 in vitro. Human cord blood mononuclear cells (HCBM) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBM) could proliferate with TSST-1 stimulation. T cell-depleted HPBM showed only a marginal response to this toxin. A IL-2-like factor with a molecular weight of 15-18 kD was obtained from the supernatants of TSST-1-stimulated HPBM cultures. The factor was absorbed by CTLL-2 cells but not by T cell-depleted murine spleen cells, indicating that it is IL-2. HPBM are very sensitive to TSST-1: a low concentration of TSST-1 (0.01 ng/ml in 36 h stimulation) and a short period of stimulation (8 h at 10 ng/ml of the toxin) were fully effective for HPBM to produce substantial amounts of IL-2. Removal of T cells abrogated the TSST-1 induced IL-2 production by HPBM. Reconstituted cell cultures of nylon wool column passed T cells and macrophages produced IL-2 by TSST-1 stimulation and, furthermore, the accessory activity of the macrophages could be partially replaced by a macrophage-derived factor containing interleukin 1. These findings indicate that T cells require macrophages or IL-1 for TSST-1-induced production of IL-2. The roles of lymphokines, including IL-2, in the development of this illness are discussed. PMID- 3498582 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin 1 like activity during chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were taken from strain 13 guinea pigs in various stages of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CREAE). The samples were assayed for interleukin 1 (IL-1) in the C3H/Hej mouse thymocyte assay. After removal of inhibitors, IL-1 was detectable in low amounts in plasma (5 U/ml) throughout the course of the disease but was raised in the acute phase (12 U/ml). CSF IL-1 was, however, only present in low amounts (6 U/ml) during the acute phase but was elevated (18 U/ml) during the chronic stages of CREAE. During the relapse phase levels of IL-1 correlated with the total leucocyte count in the CSF. On gel filtration of CSF, IL-1 activity eluted at approximately 15 kD and could not be attributed to leakage of plasma IL-1 during CSF puncture or IL-2 activity. PMID- 3498583 TI - Production of interleukin-1 by mononuclear cells of newborns and their mothers. AB - The ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from newborn infants, their mothers and healthy adults to produce interleukin 1 (IL-1) was examined. It was found that newborn and maternal mononuclear cells have a normal capacity to produce IL-1. In addition, a lower stimulatory activity of IL-1 production was found in maternal serum, suggesting another mechanism for the suppression of the maternal immune system during pregnancy. Furthermore, evidence is presented on the existence of sex-related blocking factors in the maternal serum which affect IL-1 production. PMID- 3498584 TI - Studies of human bone marrow treated with soybean lectin and sheep erythrocytes: stepwise analysis of cell morphology, phenotype and function. AB - Morphological, phenotypic and functional analyses were made of cells obtained at each step after successive treatments of 23 separate human bone marrow suspensions with soybean lectin and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The average total number of nucleated cells harvested was 1.9 X 10(10) and the final cell suspensions contained a mean of 1.9 X 10(9) nucleated cells or 9.2 +/- 4.8% of the initial counts. Monoclonal antibody analyses revealed that both T and B lymphocytes were present in every cell fraction in percentages similar to those found initially until after the first SRBC rosette-depletion. Moreover, both soy lectin agglutinated and non-agglutinated cells exhibited vigorous proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin and allogeneic cells. Following the SRBC depletions, no cells having T lymphocyte phenotypes or functions could be detected, whereas 5% of the cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody to B lymphocytes. The final fraction was composed predominantly of immature myeloid cells and blasts and was depleted of erythroid elements, lymphocytes and essentially all mature cells. It contained cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies recognizing undifferentiated T cell precursors (3A1), the transferrin receptor (5E9), and a human progenitor cell antigen (My-10). The final fraction was also enriched 10-100-fold for CFU-C and 5-10-fold for CFU-GEMN colonies. These studies fail to demonstrate selective removal of T lymphocytes from human bone marrow cells by soybean lectin agglutination. PMID- 3498585 TI - Functional analysis and quantification of the complement C3 derived anaphylatoxin C3a with a monoclonal antibody. AB - The C3 fragment C3a belongs to the anaphylatoxins. It has immune regulatory activity and contributes to the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The low molecular weight (9 kD) of C3a complicates the production of antibodies to C3a. We obtained a monoclonal antibody (designated H13) to human C3a. It reacts with C3a or C3a-desArg and with native C3 but not with C5 or C5a. In immunoblot analysis it reacts with the alpha- but not with beta-chain of C3 and binds to a protein with a mol. wt of about 10 kD present in zymosan-activated sera which is only marginally detectable in nonactivated serum and absent in plasma. H13 crossreacts with the analogous proteins of rabbit, guinea pig and sheep. H13 has the capacity to bind 125I-radiolabelled C3a efficiently but fails totally to react with 125I-C5a or with other C3 alpha-chain fragments. H13 blocks C3a functional activity. It markedly inhibits C3a-induced 3H-serotonin release from platelets in vitro and similarly inhibits the C3a induced extravasation of Evans blue into the skin in vivo. H13 does not interfere with the haemolytic activity of C3. An ELISA system was established using H13 which permits quantification of C3a in sera of polytrauma patients. The antibody H13 should facilitate further functional analysis of C3a in experimental systems. It should be useful for quantification of C3a in diagnostic assays and also for application in immunopathology. PMID- 3498586 TI - Fast liver catabolism of C1q in patients with paraproteinaemia and depletion of the classical pathway of complement. AB - The main clinical features in four patients with IgG1k paraproteinaemia and acquired complement deficiency included xanthomatous skin lesions (in three), panniculitis (in three) and hepatitis (in two). Hypocomplementaemia concerned the early classical pathway components--in particular C1q. Metabolic studies employing 125I-C1q revealed a much faster catabolism of this protein in the four patients than in five normal controls and three patients with cryoglobulinaemia (mean fractional catabolic rates respectively: 23.35%/h; 1.44%/h; 5.84%/h). Various experiments were designed to characterize the mechanism of the hypocomplementaemia: the patients' serum, purified paraprotein, blood cells, bone marrow cells, or xanthomatous skin lesions did not produce significant complement activation or C1q binding. When three of the patients (two with panniculitis and hepatitis) were injected with 123I-C1q, sequential gamma-camera imaging demonstrated rapid accumulation of the radionuclide in the liver, suggesting that complement activation takes place in the liver where it could produce damage. PMID- 3498587 TI - Omental lymphoid organ as a source of macrophage colony stimulating activity in peritoneal cavity. AB - To test the hypothesis that the omental lymphoid organ (OLO) made by peritoneal milky spots is either a source of haemopoietic (macrophage) progenitors or growth factors we attempted to culture OLO cells in vitro in a variety of assay combinations. With the culture in vitro in semisolid agar it was found that OLO cells do not form granulocyte-macrophage or macrophage colonies in response to stimulants. However, when in the same assay marrow cells were used as the targets and OLO-related preparations as stimulants it was observed that marrow cells formed exclusively macrophage colonies. These marrow cells, in response to stimulants derived from other organs, produced granulocyte-macrophage, granulocyte and macrophage colonies. OLO-related preparations tested for macrophage-colony stimulating activity included partly purified medium conditioned by OLO cells derived from mice, either injected with endotoxin or not, and medium conditioned by OLO cells after 14 days, liquid culture in vitro. While these results were observed in Swiss mice, C3H/W mice, which are genetically endotoxin-unresponsive, failed to show this reaction. These data may suggest that the local production of macrophage-colony stimulating activity in the peritoneal cavity could be one physiological role for OLO. OLO is the first organ in adult mice identified to stimulate exclusively macrophage colony growth, and not granulocyte-macrophage or pure granulocyte colonies. PMID- 3498588 TI - Natural autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have tested the sera of 25 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for antibody activity against a panel of six antigens: DNA, TNP, actin, tubulin, myosin, albumin. Eluates from renal biopsy tissue were also tested. Sera from patients with lupus nephritis were found to contain high titres of IgA antibodies directed against the antigens of the panel, and marked IgG anti-DNA and anti-TNP antibody activity. The IgG anti-TNP antibodies isolated from SLE serum by affinity chromatography on a TNP-immunoadsorbent, were also found to possess anti DNA activity. Kidney eluates obtained from biopsy specimens of SLE patients contained IgG antibodies strictly specific for DNA in three out of the nine patients tested, while three eluates from the remaining six patients reacted with DNA and TNP and three with DNA and all the other antigens of the panel. These results strongly suggest that in SLE sera there are at least three populations of circulating anti-DNA antibodies: those strictly specific for DNA, those recognizing DNA and TNP and those recognizing DNA and other macromolecules. Furthermore, because six out of nine of the eluates contained antibodies with an absolute or restricted specificity for DNA, this suggests that these antibodies are more often pathogenic than the polyspecific ones recognizing DNA and other macromolecules. PMID- 3498589 TI - C1q solid-phase radioimmunoassay: evidence for detection of antibody directed against the collagen-like region of C1q in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In earlier studies we showed that the C1q-binding IgG in the sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) tested by C1q solid-phase radioimmunoassay is cofractionated with monomeric IgG on gel filtration and mostly binds to C1q via the F(ab')2 region. In this study, we found that C1q, even when stripped of its immune complex-binding globular regions by pepsin digestion, retained a substantial part of its ability to bind IgG from SLE sera, suggesting that the collagen-like region of C1q is involved in binding to the SLE IgG. Heat-inactivation of C1q also failed to abolish its ability to bind IgG from SLE sera. In contrast, the binding of C1q to heat-aggregated IgG was completely abrogated by these treatments. In addition, the reaction of heat-aggregated IgG with the solid-phase C1q was markedly dependent on ionic strength whereas the binding of IgG from SLE sera with the solid-phase C1q persisted at high concentrations of salt. These findings suggest that the Clq-binding IgG in SLE sera is, at least in part, antibody directed against the collagen-like region of C1q. PMID- 3498590 TI - Generation and functional analysis of T cell lines and clones specific for schistosomula released products (SRP-A). AB - Antigens present in the products released by the larval stage of schistosome (SRP A) were shown to induce a strong cytotoxic and protective IgE response both in the rat and the monkey. T cell lines and clones specific for SRP-A or 26 kD antigens which are the main target of the cytotoxic IgE have been derived. The passive transfer of SRP-A specific T lymphocytes into infected rats led to an increase of the IgE response, conferring a significant level of protection to the rats. In coculture assays in vitro, these cell lines significantly enhanced the production of IgE by SRP-A sensitized rat spleen cells. This helper effect on the IgE response was confirmed with 26 kD T cell clone supernatants. Moreover, supernatants obtained after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate were able to enhance the IgE production of a hybridoma B cell line (B48-14) producing a monoclonal IgE antibody, cytotoxic for the schistosomula. PMID- 3498591 TI - T cell regulation of thyroglobulin autoantibody IgG subclasses in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Microsomal and thyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are usually predominantly of subclasses IgG1 and/or IgG4 and the distribution pattern is characteristic for the serum of an individual. We have studied the role of T cells in synthesis of total IgG and Tg antibody IgG subclasses (measured by ELISA) in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from Hashimoto patients. Unfractionated PBL incubated with the T dependent activator pokeweed mitogen (PWM) synthesized IgG of all four IgG subclasses in the proportions 69% IgG1, 20% IgG2, 8% IgG3 and 3% IgG4; these values are similar to the proportions of the subclasses in serum. In contrast, the IgG subclass of Tg antibody was predominantly IgG1 in one patient, approximately equal proportions of IgG1 and IgG4 in four patients, and almost completely restricted to IgG4 in one patient; these patterns were similar to the subclass distribution of the autoantibodies in the individual patients' serum. B cells incubated alone secreted little Tg antibody but the response could be restored to the original levels and proportions of IgG1 and/or IgG4 Tg antibody by the addition of T cells either from the same individual or from another donor. Further, removal of suppressor T cells had little effect on the proportions of IgG1 and IgG4 Tg antibody although the total amounts of Tg antibody of both subclasses were sometimes increased. Our studies indicate that T cells are required in this in vitro system to elicit Tg antibody synthesis and to control the magnitude of the antibody response. However, the characteristic IgG subclass distribution of Tg antibody in an individual is determined at the level of the B cell. PMID- 3498592 TI - Phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis: activated T lymphocytes and the effect of D-penicillamine therapy. AB - To understand better the role that immune mechanisms could play in the pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), the phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 24 PSS patients and normal controls were compared by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. PBL T cells of patients expressed an increased percentage of several activation markers as defined by monoclonal antibodies B33.1 (anti-Ia), TAC (anti-interleukin 2 receptor) and 5E9 (anti transferrin receptor). These antigens were also found on PBL of patients with quiescent disease suggesting the persistence of an ongoing immune response despite the absence of clinically apparent disease activity. Patients treated with D-penicillamine had uniformly normal proportions of Ia+ T cells (less than 5%) although the percentage of cells positive for Tac and transferrin receptor continued to be elevated. A second finding was that the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells studied with the monoclonal antibody against NK cells B73.1 (Leu 11c) and particularly an OKT8+ NK cell subset was low in patients (10.4 +/- 4.7) compared with controls (15.9 +/- 5.8). Finally, both treated and untreated patients displayed increased OKT4+/OKT5+ ratios compared to controls. These data suggest that PBL from PSS patients are activated and have abnormal proportions of cell subpopulations. These abnormalities are also present in patients with quiescent disease. The observed effect of D-penicillamine on Ia expression in PSS PBL may reflect a mechanism of action of this drug in the control of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3498593 TI - Specificity of anti-nuclear antibodies induced in F1 mice undergoing the graft-vs host reaction: isotypes and cross-reactivities. AB - (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice undergoing the graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) produce autoantibodies after the injection of DBA/2 lymphoid cells. The anti-nuclear antibodies, including anti-poly (ADP-ribose) and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), in the sera of the autoimmune GVH F1 mice were investigated. Antibodies to double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA and ENA were predominantly IgG. In contrast, the autoantibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) were both IgG and IgM, although the former was predominant. These autoantibodies induced by the GVHR showed similar cross-reactivities with a number of nucleic acids to the monoclonal and some serum antinuclear antibodies derived from mice or humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These results support the idea that GVH F1 mice are a good model of human SLE. PMID- 3498595 TI - Reactive arthritides: how and why are they reactive? PMID- 3498594 TI - A new assay for anti-DNA antibodies in serum which includes the measurement of anti-Z-DNA. AB - A simple, rapid assay for measuring anti-DNA titre of serum which includes anti-Z DNA is described. The assay involves solution binding of antibody to labelled DNA under conditions such that the DNA is altered to form a left-handed or Z-DNA structure in the presence of cobalt ions. The absence or presence of cobalt determines a B or Z form structure in DNA and antibodies to these forms are detectable. The majority of SLE and RA patients (88%) have a higher anti-DNA titre in the presence of cobalt ions. An additional 25% of SLE patients and 22/23 RA patients who had normal anti-DNA levels according to the Crithidea assay, reacted with abnormal titres in our assay. Patients experiencing a relapse in SLE also showed a large increase in anti-DNA in the presence of antigenic Z-DNA. These results suggest that monitoring anti-DNA levels in SLE and RA to detect anti-Z DNA antibodies, provides significant advantages over methods currently in use to measure anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 3498596 TI - Immunogenetics and rheumatic disease. PMID- 3498597 TI - Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 3498598 TI - Clinical manifestations in HLA-B27-positive patients. AB - The clinical manifestations of rheumatic diseases have been studied in a population of 440 HLA-B27-positive patients. Fifty-eight per cent had peripheral joint involvement. After statistical analysis and clustering of characteristics, three patterns of peripheral joint involvement were found. They were referred to as the X, Y and Z type for mnemotechnical reasons. The X type includes male patients with sacroiliitis, spondylitis, uveitis and uni- or bilateral arthritis of hip and/or shoulder. Y type patients present sacroiliitis, pauci-articular asymmetrical joint involvement and tendinitis. Z type patients are characterized by sacroiliitis, polyarticular symmetrical joint involvement and a positive IgM rheumatoid factor. This classification enables a new approach to the pathology, diagnosis and therapy of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. PMID- 3498600 TI - The spondylarthropathies: clinical aspects. PMID- 3498599 TI - Immunogenetics of ankylosing spondylitis: clinically oriented aspects. PMID- 3498601 TI - Seronegative arthritis: psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 3498602 TI - Sacroiliitis in juvenile chronic arthritis. A 10-year follow-up. AB - 66 children with early juvenile chronic arthritis underwent HLA A and B typing in 1974; 16 carried HLA B27. Ten of these had a pauciarticular onset, 3 systemic and 3 poly-articular. At follow-up 10 years later bilateral sacroiliitis had developed in 9 of the 16 B27 positive children, all of whom had a pauciarticular onset. Males predominated and these children had an older age of onset and a predominantly lower limb arthropathy. Enthesopathy and acute iritis further distinguished this group clinically. Other sacroiliac changes, usually simple fusion associated with severe hip involvement, were seen in 7 of the patients, 6 were girls and 6 were HLA B27 negative. Back pain and limitation had developed in 5 children, 4 of whom were B27 positive, after an average of 8 years' disease and at a mean age of 17.3 years. It is concluded that the presence of HLA B27 in boys aged 9 or over, with an onset of pauciarticular disease, signifies that they belong to the spondylitic group. PMID- 3498603 TI - Genes on chromosome 14q and their role in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated diseases. AB - Genetic factors other than HLA-B27 may play a role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and Reiter's syndrome (RS). Studies by Brewerton et al. and Kijlstra et al. showed associations between the MZ phenotype of alpha 1-antitrypsin and the Gm phenotype zafngb of IgG in patients with AAU, who developed AS. The loci for alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) and Gm allotypes (IGH) are situated on the tip of the long arm of chromosome 14. In the present study we tried to clarify and extend the above studies. In 41 B27+ AAU patients with AS the alpha 1-antitrypsin and Gm phenotype and allotype frequencies were not statistically different from those in B27+ AS patients developing AAU and in B27+ AAU patients without AS, in B27+ AS patients without AAU, B27+ patients with Reiter's syndrome, B27+ patients with low back pain, B27- AAU patients and normal controls. It is therefore unlikely that genes on the tip of chromosome 14 play a role in the pathogenesis of B27 associated diseases. A hypothesis was formed suggesting that a bacterial-derived modifying factor may replace the position of beta 2 microglobulin in the HLA-B27 molecule resulting in an impaired cytotoxic T cell reactivity. PMID- 3498604 TI - The differentiation between seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of seronegative polyarthritis. A review with suggested criteria. PMID- 3498605 TI - Monocyte-macrophage (M-M) functions in asymptomatic hemophiliacs and supertransfused thalassemics. AB - Patients suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) succumb to opportunistic infections due to a generalized failure of their cell-mediated immune defenses. The monocyte-macrophage (M-M) system plays an important role in host defense against viruses, protozoa, mycobacteria, and tumours, all potentially involved in the terminal stages of AIDS. We studied M-M functions in 55 asymptomatic hemophiliacs, 20 supertransfused thalassemics, and 9 von Willebrand's syndrome patients over a period of 17 months to establish the part played by chronic repeated blood component transfusions on the macrophage defense system. We found a significant impairment of chemotaxis in 24 out of 55 hemophiliacs, 13 out of 20 thalassemics, and 4 out of 9 von Willebrand's patients. In contrast, Candida pseudotropicalis killing was markedly increased in all 3 patient groups, while Candida phagocytosis was most significantly diminished in thalassemics. Fc-receptor-dependent erythrophagocytosis showed wide variations in all patients, with a significant decrease only in thalassemics. Phorbol ester-activated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction to formazan was normal in most cases, but background spontaneous NBT was often much higher than in the controls. Monocyte adhesion to plastic appeared impaired in hemophiliacs and von Willebrand's Syndrome patients, yet was of no statistical significance. It thus appears that continuous, repeated blood component transfusions cause an alteration of M-M functions. This may be either due to chronic, recurrent antigenic stimulation by foreign proteins transfused, or oncogenic and known immune suppressive viruses, like cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis, and human T cell lymphotropic virus III. This in turn may increase susceptibility to AIDS. PMID- 3498607 TI - Seasonal changes in recovery of cryopreserved murine lymphocytes resemble endogenous rhythms of unfrozen cells. AB - Seasonal changes in the resistance of C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes to cryopreservation stress were expressed in both the recovery of viable cells and the levels of responses of T and B lymphocytes to mitogens in vitro. Single cell suspensions in 10% Me2SO were cooled at 1 degree C/min, the optimum velocity which was determined by using a range of cooling rates during January and May, the months of minimum and maximum recoveries of viable cells, respectively. After rapid thawing and washing, ethidium bromide-fluorescein diacetate staining delineated viable and nonviable cells. Cultures containing 0.5 X 10(6) viable cells were stimulated with the T lymphocyte mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and the B lymphocyte mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. Tritiated thymidine was added to each culture for the last 18 hr of the incubation period, and its incorporation by activated dividing cells was determined. Recoveries of viable cells were high from March through July and then declined to minimum levels in January and February. During the seasons of low recoveries, greater numbers of cells lysed in response to the freeze-thaw cycle. Activation of both T and B lymphocytes by mitogens was maximal in the spring and summer and then declined to only 40% of unfrozen control levels in October. The patterns of activation resembled those of the previously documented endogenous seasonal rhythms in levels of blastogenesis of unfrozen cells. These seasonal differences in cryopreservation properties of lymphocytes from inbred mice living under constant conditions reinforce the previously reported endogenous annual rhythmicity in cellular functions. PMID- 3498606 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia therapy with 9-deazainosine in rats. AB - An inosine analog, 9-deazainosine, has previously been demonstrated to inhibit Pneumocystis carinii in culture with WI-38 cells. The present study shows that it is also effective against Pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. After 8 wk of immunosuppression, rats that developed severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were treated with either 9 deazainosine or served as controls. After 15 days of therapy, animals were sacrificed and severity of infection determined by morphologic examination of lungs for numbers of Pneumocystis carinii. Treated animals had greatly reduced numbers of Pneumocystis carinii trophozoites and cysts, compared with controls. This drug shows promise for therapy of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and should be studied further. PMID- 3498608 TI - Study of peripheral T-cell subpopulations and lymphocyte proliferation in different phases of evolution of alopecia areata. AB - The current hypothesis on the pathogenesis of alopecia areata is immunologically mediated, yet no conclusive data has been documented. To clarify the changes in various phases of disease evolution, analysis of T lymphocyte subpopulations was carried out in the peripheral blood of 34 patients and 27 healthy normal subjects by means of OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-8 and Ia1 monoclonal antibodies. Study of lymphocyte proliferation in response to various mitogens was further carried out in 27 patients and 25 healthy normal subjects. Significant predominance (p less than 0.01) of OKT-8 positive (cytotoxic/suppressor) cells and diminution (p less than 0.01) of Ia1 positive cells were noted in the whole alopecia group and in various subgroups of disease evolution. Since diminution (p less than 0.05) of OKT-4 positive (inducer/helper) cells was also noted in the stable phase, it was postulated that these activated T cells migrated from circulation to the local site of primary event. Hence, it was evident that the predominance of cytotoxic/suppressor cells was a relative change, and the role of inducer/helper cells in the pathogenesis was implicated. No enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation was observed. PMID- 3498609 TI - [Biliary cirrhosis secondary to postoperative stenosis of the common bile duct with portal hypertension and severe digestive hemorrhages. Remote results]. PMID- 3498610 TI - [Therapeutic choice in complications of colonic diverticular disease. Apropos of 247 cases]. PMID- 3498611 TI - [Human T-cell function in pregnancy]. PMID- 3498612 TI - [Clinical manifestation and lymphocyte function of common variable hypogammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 3498613 TI - [Clinical use of the stapler in the obliteration of esophago-gastric varices]. PMID- 3498614 TI - [Restoration of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease activity by p-aminobenzoic acid]. PMID- 3498615 TI - Clinical experience with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and high-dose folinic acid in solid tumors. AB - This paper reports experience with high-dose folinic acid (HDFA) and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of 130 patients with various types of tumor. While the objective results obtained from gastrointestinal malignancies (response rate = 15%) are no better than those usually gained by 5-FU alone, impressive results were achieved in patients with advanced and mainly pretreated breast cancer (response rate = 44%). Haematological toxicity was generally mild, while oral mucositis, diarrhoea and conjunctivitis were major side effects. Our data suggest that HDFA and 5-FU seem a very promising combination and warrant further investigation. PMID- 3498616 TI - Effects of tenoxicam on nociceptive thalamic neuronal firing in arthritic rats. AB - The antinociceptive action of tenoxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been investigated by exploring the spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological patterns of firing of thalamic neurons in arthritic rats. A marked decrease in the firing activity evoked by ankle mobilization has been found to be present at doses of tenoxicam of 0.6 mg/kg i.v. A similar effect is obtainable with aspirin (as reference drug) but with doses of 54 mg/kg i.v. On studying the effects of increasing doses of tenoxicam a progressively longer time course inhibition has been found and the analysis confirmed a linear correlation. Findings are discussed postulating that the final antinociceptive effect of tenoxicam can be correlated with its anti-inflammatory activity. PMID- 3498617 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in open-heart surgery patients: comparison of cefamandole and cefuroxime. AB - The efficacy of cefamandole and cefuroxime in preventing postoperative wound infections was compared in 3037 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis in 1467 patients having coronary artery bypass and valve replacement surgery was cefamandole 2 g iv preoperatively followed by 2 g q6h for five days postoperatively; 1570 patients received cefuroxime 1.5 g iv preoperatively then 1.5 g iv q 12h for three days postoperatively. Postoperative wound infections (sternal and leg wounds) were studied in each treatment group. In the cefamandole study group, 27 patients (1.8 percent) developed postoperative wound infections (9 sternal and 18 leg wounds). In the cefuroxime treatment group, 19 patients (1.2 percent) developed postoperative wound infections (9 sternal and 10 leg wounds). Overall, no statistical difference was found between the two antibiotics in preventing postoperative wound infections. However, in patients having valve replacement surgery, cefuroxime was found statistically more effective than cefamandole prophylaxis in preventing sternal wound infections (no infections in 284 patients compared with five infections in 205 patients, respectively, p = 0.01). The most common organism isolated from infected wounds with cefamandole was Staphylococcus aureus followed by S. epidermidis compared with cefuroxime which had S. epidermidis followed by S. aureus. Cefuroxime was found to be as effective as cefamandole and considerably less expensive in preventing postoperative wound infections in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. PMID- 3498618 TI - Gastrointestinal side effects with erythromycin preparations. AB - This study was designed to determine the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal (GI) side effects in patients taking erythromycin. More patients complained of GI side effects with the enteric-coated tablet (70.8 percent) than with the stearate (51.4 percent) or the ethylsuccinate (48.9 percent) salts. The enteric-coated tablet was associated with a higher incidence of individual adverse reactions; more patients discontinued it because of adverse GI effects. These data demonstrate a high incidence of GI side effects to erythromycin. Additionally, GI side-effect incidence appears to be higher with the enteric coated tablet. PMID- 3498619 TI - [What does bronchoalveolar lavage accomplish?]. PMID- 3498620 TI - Thymocyte/stromal cell chimaerism in allothymus-grafted Xenopus: developmental studies using the X. borealis fluorescence marker. AB - These experiments employ the X. borealis (quinacrine-fluorescence) cell marker to illustrate that froglet (normal or in vivo-irradiated) thymuses, alloimplanted to 4- to 6-week-old, 7-day-thymectomized hosts, become filled with host lymphoid cells, while a range of thymic stromal cell types (e.g. epithelial derivatives and reticuloendothelial cells) remain donor derived. A time-course study of 4 micron historesin-embedded sections reveals that for normal thymus implants, host cells begin to immigrate in good number only after metamorphosis. In contrast, 3000 rad-irradiated thymus implants begin to be repopulated with host lymphocytes within 2 weeks postimplantation, when hosts are still at a late larval stage of development. Despite rapid colonization by host lymphoid cells, irradiated thymuses remain small and often disappear in early adult life. Donor-derived lymphocytes frequent the blood and both the red pulp and perifollicular regions of the spleen following normal thymus implantation, whereas such thymic emigrants were not seen in the periphery of thymectomized hosts grafted with irradiated thymus glands. PMID- 3498621 TI - Timekeeping by frog embryos, in normal development and after heat shock. AB - (1) Timekeeping refers to the uniformity of development in time. The precision of timekeeping is measured by the extent to which embryos, within an initially synchronous population, come to diverge in the course of their development. (2) Divergence is measured as the variation in the stage of development reached between embryos allowed to develop for a fixed period of time. The lower the variation the better the timekeeping. (3) Divergence among frog embryos that started development at the same time is hardly measurable after approx. 100 h of development. This striking uniformity indicates good timekeeping. (4) Timekeeping is not impaired among the survivors following heat shocks that retard development and disturb and curtail morphogenesis. (5) The immediate effect of heat shock is a stoppage of development, the duration of which is the same for all embryos in the same treatment batch. The embryos react to heat shock by rescheduling their development with the interpolation of a rest, the duration of which is controlled to the same precision as normal development. The postponement of development, without impairment of timekeeping, implies dis-engagement of the processes of morphogenesis from, and their subsequent re-engagement with, an enduring rate determining activity unaffected by heat shock. (6) We have searched for embryos whose rate of development was disturbed by heat shock to run slower or faster than the norm. We have found none. It seems that the (temperature-compensated) rate of development is invariant up to the moment of failure, or a change is immediately lethal. PMID- 3498622 TI - Fibre organization and reorganization in the retinotectal projection of Xenopus. AB - This study concerns the retinotopic organization of the ganglion cell fibres in the visual system of the frog Xenopus laevis. HRP was used to trace the pathways taken by fibres from discrete retinal positions as they pass from the retina, along the optic nerve and into the chiasma. The ganglion cell fibres in the retina are arranged in fascicles which correspond with their circumferential positions of origin. Within the fascicles the fibres show little age-related layering and do not have a strict radial organization. As the fascicles of fibres pass into the optic nerve head there is some exchange of position resulting in some loss of the retinal circumferential organization. The poor radial organization of the fibres in the retinal fascicles persists as the fibres pass through the intraocular part of the nerve. At a position just behind the eye there is a major fibre reorganization in which fibres arising from cells of increasingly peripheral retinal locations are found to have passed into increasingly peripheral positions in the nerve. Thus, fibres from peripheral-most retina are located at the nerve perimeter, whilst fibres from central retina are located in the nerve core. It is at this point that the radial, chronotopic, ordering of the ganglion cell axons, found throughout the rest of the optic pathway, is established. This annular organization persists along the length of the nerve until a position just before the nerve enters the brain. Here, fibres from each annulus move to form layers as they pass into the optic chiasma. This change in the radial organization appears to be related to the pathway followed by all newly growing fibres, in the most superficial part of the optic tract, adjacent to the pia. Just behind the eye, where fibres become radially ordered, the circumferential organization of the projection is largely lost. Fibres from every circumferential retinal position, which are of similar radial position, are distributed within the same annulus of the nerve. At the nerve-chiasma junction where each annulus forms a single layer as it enters the optic tract, there is a further mixing of fibres from all circumferential positions. However, as the fibres pass through the chiasma some active pathway selection occurs, generating the circumferential organization of the fibres in the optic tract. Additional observations of the organization of fibres in the optic nerve of Rana pipiens confirm previous reports of a dual representation of fibres within the nerve. The difference in the organization of fibres in the optic nerve of Xenopus and Rana pipiens is discussed. PMID- 3498623 TI - Correlation between visual evoked potentials and PET neuro-imaging in subjects with retrochiasmatic lesions. PMID- 3498624 TI - Role of cytosolic free calcium concentration in the secretion of calcitonin gene related peptide and calcitonin from medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and calcitonin (CT) are secreted by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Relationships between extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]e), cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) (as measured with fura-2), and secretion of immunoreactive CGRP and CT have been investigated in rat and human MTC cell lines. Rat MTC 6-23 cells responded to a rise in [Ca2+]e from 0.5 to 3.0 mM with a transient increase of [Ca2+]i, and the secretion of CGRP and CT was raised from 19 +/- 2 (mean +/- SE) to 122 +/- 28 pg rat CGRP/mg protein . min and from 33 +/- 8 to 155 +/- 42 pg rat CT/mg protein . min (P less than 0.01). In the human MTC (TT) cell line, a rise of [Ca2+]e from 0.5 to 3.0 mM did not affect [Ca2+]i, and the secretion of CGRP and CT remained unchanged at 7.0 +/- 1.1 ng CGRP/mg protein . min and 1.0 +/- 0.1 ng CT/mg protein . min. However, when the plasma membrane was bypassed by electropermeabilization, the release of CGRP and CT was stimulated by calcium with an ED50 of 0.5 microM and 0.3 microM, respectively. With ionomycin, the secretion of CGRP and CT was also stimulated up to 17-fold in [Ca2+]i-dependent manner. The results indicate a role of [Ca2+]i in the secretion of CGRP and CT and provide evidence for a defect in Ca2+ signal transduction in the human MTC cell line. PMID- 3498625 TI - Selective stimulation of luteal androgen biosynthesis by luteinizing hormone: comparison of hormonal regulation of P45017 alpha activity in corpora lutea and follicles. AB - Recent investigations have indicated that luteal cells of pregnant rats become capable of synthesizing androgen and estradiol when stimulated by sustained low levels of LH/hCG. In this investigation we sought 1) to determine whether hCG causes the induction/activation of the luteal enzymes responsible for the conversion of progesterone to estradiol, 2) to investigate the time course of hCG action, and 3) to compare the effect of hCG on luteal and follicular P45017 alpha activities. To determine first the minimum stimulatory dose of hCG, pregnant rats were treated with 0, 1.5, 3, 9, or 30 IU hCG twice on days 12 and 13 and once on day 14. Two hours after the last injection, rats were bled from the ovarian vein, and corpora lutea were isolated and incubated for the determination of in vitro steroid production. Exposure of rats to twice daily injections of 1.5 IU hCG caused a dramatic increase in the ovarian secretion and luteal production of both testosterone and estradiol. However, an inverse dose-related response was observed with higher doses of hCG. To determine the time course of hCG action, pregnant rats were injected with a single dose of 3 IU hCG, and steroid production was determined at different times thereafter. There was no increase in either in vivo or in vitro testosterone and estradiol production until 12 h after hCG administration, at which time a dramatic increase in the secretion of both steroids was observed. hCG administration did not affect the capacity of luteal cells to secrete progesterone, nor did it enhance aromatase activity. It did, however, increase P45017 alpha activities; lyase and hydroxylase activities were stimulated 5- and 1.7-fold, respectively. To compare the effects of hCG on luteal and follicular P45017 alpha, both corpora lutea and follicles were isolated from ovaries of pregnant rats treated with either 1.5 IU hCG or vehicle between days 12-14. In vivo hCG administration caused at least a 1000-fold increase in the specific activity of follicular 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase. The hCG induced increase in the specific activities of both hydroxylase and lyase in the follicle far exceeded that in the corpora lutea. However, total lyase and hydroxylase activities in each follicle were only 3- and 5.5-fold higher, respectively, than those in the corpus luteum. In summary, the results of the present investigation have revealed that hCG stimulation of luteal estradiol production is due to a selective effect of this gonadotropin on P45017 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498626 TI - Diminished responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the rat during exposure to prolonged stress: a pituitary-mediated mechanism. AB - Intact rats exposed to low or moderate intensity electroshocks for 3-5 h showed a marked increase in plasma ACTH levels 10 min after the beginning of the stress, followed by a decline despite continuous exposure to the stimulus. We have explored the role of steroid feedback, desensitization of the pituitary response to CRF, or changes in pituitary ACTH content in mediating this phenomenon. The following results were obtained. Exposure of adrenalectomized rats to shocks showed that removal of steroid feedback did not restore the ability of the animals to maintain elevated levels of circulating ACTH during electroshocks. To determine whether prolonged stress caused changes in pituitary sensitivity to CRF, intact rats received CRF, epinephrine, vasopressin, or phorbol ester at the end of the 3-h shock session; all secretagogues caused a significantly smaller increase in the plasma ACTH levels in intact rats subjected to low or moderate intensity shocks compared to that of control animals, which suggested that there was no specific desensitization to CRF. By contrast, pituitary responsiveness to CRF was not significantly altered in adrenalectomized rats submitted to low intensity shocks for 1-3 h; however, when moderate intensity shocks were used, adrenalectomized rats showed a blunting of the response to CRF comparable to that in intact animals. Finally, we observed a comparable decrease in the pituitary ACTH content of intact or adrenalectomized rats exposed to electroshocks; this decrease was proportional to the length and intensity of the shocks. We conclude that the inability of continuously stressed rats to maintain elevated plasma ACTH levels appears to be mediated through both the temporary decrease in a readily releasable pituitary ACTH pool and the negative feedback exerted by corticosterone. PMID- 3498627 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: a marked circadian rhythm in primate cerebrospinal fluid peaks in the evening and is inversely related to the cortisol circadian rhythm. AB - Continuous sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over 24-h periods in 10 rhesus monkeys revealed a 2-fold, highly reproducible circadian rhythm in CRF concentrations. Peak CRF values of 77.9 +/- 6.4 pg/ml occurred in the evening at 1930 h, while the CRF nadir (38.4 +/- 4.2 pg/ml) occurred at 0745 h. Simultaneously sampled CSF cortisol peaked at 0913 h, with a nadir at 2226 h. Both CRF and cortisol rhythms closely fit sinusoidal circadian models, with r2 values of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. While hypothalamic CRF is regarded as a major physiological regulator of pituitary ACTH secretion and, thereby, of the circadian and stress-related release of cortisol from the adrenal gland, CRF and CRF receptors are also widely distributed in other brain areas of primates and rodents. The marked difference in the circadian rhythm of CRF vs. that of cortisol suggests that CRF in CSF reflects or mediates some nonhypophysiotropic brain functions of this peptide. PMID- 3498628 TI - Prostatic epidermal growth factor receptors and their regulation by androgens. AB - Prostatic membranes contain high affinity [dissociation constant (KD) = 1.16 nM], saturable binding sites for [125I]iodo-epidermal growth factor (EGF). The binding of [125I]iodo-EGF is specific since it is displaced by excess EGF but not by insulin, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, or multiplication-stimulating activity. Affinity labeling with [125I]iodo-EGF and subsequent cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate demonstrated the specific binding of [125I]iodo-EGF to a macromolecule with a mol wt of 170,000. Castration of mature rats resulted in a 3- to 6-fold increase in [125I]iodo-EGF binding, while treatment of 7-day castrated rats with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone decreased the number of binding sites. Administration of estrogen or progesterone produced a slight decrease in EGF binding sites but not nearly to the extent observed with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, suggesting that the observed effect is androgen specific. These results demonstrate that rat prostate contains specific binding sites for EGF and that their level is modulated by androgens. PMID- 3498629 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptors during postnatal development of the mouse colon. AB - The present study was undertaken to establish the postnatal profile of specific epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding in the maturing mouse colon, with particular emphasis on possible regional differences between both proximal and distal colonic binding patterns vs. those of the small intestine. Binding studies using [125I]EGF were performed on isolated epithelial cells obtained from 2-, 5-, 9-, 16-, and 22-day-old mice as well as adults. At 2 days, cells isolated from the entire colon bound 4 times more [125I]EGF than did corresponding intestinal cells, whereas between the ages of 5 days to adult, colonic cells bound between 1.7-2.5 times more labeled EGF than their intestinal counterparts. The immature colon already exhibited maximal binding after birth as opposed to the small intestine where binding only reached maximal values by the third week of life. Comparison between the proximal and distal colon in 9-, 16-, and 22-day-old mice revealed a further 2-fold increase in EGF binding in the distal colon compared to that in the proximal colon. Scatchard plots of [125I]EGF displacement by native EGF in both proximal and distal colonic segments also revealed the presence of two classes of binding sites, with high affinity constants (K1) significantly greater in the distal colon. These results demonstrate for the first time not only the continued presence of EGF receptors in mouse colonic epithelium, but also significant regional differences in EGF-binding capacity within the digestive tract throughout the postnatal period. PMID- 3498630 TI - Analysis of steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in five unrelated Japanese patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - DNA samples from five unrelated Japanese patients with 21-hydroxylase (21-OHase) deficiency were studied by Southern analysis using human 21-OHase cDNA. Patterns seen after digestion with not only TaqI but also KpnI showed that two out of the five patients were homozygous for a deletion of the 21-OHase B gene. This result supports the report that the 21-OHase B gene is functional. In the other three, smaller mutations might be responsible for the disorder. The parents of one of the two patients with the deletion had a common ancestor. Hybridization patterns of DNA from members of the family of the patient were consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the deletion that correlates with the clinical phenotype. The deletion segregated with HLA-Aw 24; Bw 61; Cw 3. Heterozygous carriers of 21-OHase deficiency could be detected by comparing the patterns as well as the HLA haplotypes in this family. The application of the family study to the prenatal diagnosis is also discussed. PMID- 3498631 TI - Bleeding as the first symptom of extrahepatic biliary atresia. AB - Four cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia are reported. Each of these infants presented with haemorrhagic phenomena rather than with prolonged jaundice. The increased bleeding tendency was due to a vitamin K deficiency, probably caused by cholestasis-induced malabsorption. Therefore extrahepatic biliary atresia should be considered in each infant with a bleeding diathesis. PMID- 3498632 TI - Alteration of EGF-receptor binding in human breast cancer cells by antineoplastic agents. AB - Polypeptide growth factors bind to membrane receptors on human breast cancer cells and stimulate cell proliferation, suggesting that they may be important in growth regulation. Inhibition of the stimulatory effects of these factors might result in antineoplastic activity. Since cytotoxic drugs have been shown to alter cell membrane characteristics, we have examined the effects of a variety of antitumor drugs on the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the membrane receptor of human breast cancer cells. Twenty-four standard or investigational cytotoxic drugs were screened at a concentration of one-tenth the achievable peak plasma level for their ability to inhibit binding of 125I-EGF to its receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Although at this concentration statistically significant inhibition of binding was observed with 11 drugs, the maximum inhibition observed was only 27%. Five agents, representing classes of drugs with different modes of action, were then studied in more detail. Of these, preincubation with 5-fluorouracil, 4-hydroperoxy-cylophosphamide and doxorubicin inhibited MCF-7 colony formation in a dose-dependent manner, but these drugs had no effect on EGF-binding even at a concentration of 10 times the peak plasma level. Preincubation of cells with vinblastine and cisplatin, however, resulted in both reduced colony survival and a parallel reduction in EGF receptor binding. Membrane integrity, as measured by trypan blue exclusion, was not altered. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding demonstrated that the major effect of cisplatin was a reduction in binding affinity. We conclude that cisplatin and vinblastine at high concentrations can inhibit the binding of EGF to human breast cancer cells offering an additional possible mechanism for their antiproliferative activity. PMID- 3498633 TI - HM-PAO assessment of human tumour perfusion. AB - Technetium-99m-labelled hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HM-PAO) has been used to investigate tumour perfusion in 11 tumour sites in 8 patients with a variety of histologies. In 8 out of 11 instances single photon emission tomography clearly distinguished between tumour and normal tissues; in 7 cases due to increased HM PAO uptake and in 1 due to reduced tumour uptake compared with hepatobiliary excretion of HM-PAO in adjacent normal liver. Heterogeneous uptake within individual tumour masses was observed in 3 cases. In 2 where a correlation between the pathology of excised tumour and the scan findings could be made, the findings were consistent with HM-PAO uptake in well-perfused tissue. These preliminary observations suggest that Technetium-99m-HM-PAO may be a valuable clinical technique for displaying patterns of tumour perfusion. PMID- 3498634 TI - Demonstration of the hepatic uptake of radiolabelled immunotoxins using gamma scintigraphy. PMID- 3498636 TI - Control of prothymocyte proliferation by thymic accessory cells. AB - All thymocyte subpopulations derive from intrathymic precursors which are double negative (DN) for Lyt-2 and L3T4 differentiation antigens. Although nearly half of DN cells express a receptor for interleukin 2 (IL 2R), they respond poorly to IL 2. DN cell proliferation can be obtained in the presence of various exogenous stimuli, but the in vivo signal for DN cell response to IL 2 remains unclear. We show in the present report that phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum are able to induce the proliferation of DN thymocytes in the presence of recombinant IL 2 (rIL 2). Cell-to-cell contact is needed for this effect. Antibodies directed against class I MHC antigens but not against class II can inhibit DN cell proliferation. DNA-synthetizing cells were labeled by incubation with 10 microM bromodeoxyuridine either before or at various times during the culture period. Bromodeoxyuridine was then detected in the DNA of proliferating cells and/or their progeny already stained with anti-Lyt-2 and L3T4 antibodies. During the initial 16 h and independently of culture conditions, 16-25% of the cells expressed surface antigens and 50-65% of them derived from DN cells which were in S phase just before culture; these differentiated cells had a very short life span. In the second culture period, the presence of both rIL 2 and thymic accessory cells was necessary for cell survival. In these conditions, DN cell number and proliferation rate were constant and a low number of Lyt-2+ and/or L3T4+ cells was continuously generated. Thymic accessory cells therefore appear to provide the signal(s) necessary for IL 2-induced proliferation of thymocyte precursors. Implications of these findings for normal in vivo intrathymic proliferation and differentiation are discussed. PMID- 3498635 TI - A monoclonal antibody (HML-1) defining a novel membrane molecule present on human intestinal lymphocytes. AB - A monoclonal antibody, HML-1, was produced by fusion of NSI myeloma cells with spleen cells of a mouse immunized with isolated human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Immunofluorescence studies of isolated cells, as well as immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections, indicated that HML-1 labeled all the various subsets of human intestinal IEL, approximately 40% of lamina propria T cells, 30% mesenteric lymphoblasts and some lymphocytes in other mucosae, particularly IEL. Conversely, it revealed only rare cells in all other lymphoid compartments. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel gradient electrophoresis showed that HML-1 precipitated two major noncovalently bound components of approximate mol. masses of 105 and 150 kDa from human IEL. HML-1 thus defines a novel human membrane antigen present on a subpopulation of lymphocytes preferentially associated with epithelia, and particularly with the intestinal epithelium. The characteristics of this human antigen are very similar to those of an antigen we had previously described in the rat. The possible functional role of this novel class of lymphocyte membrane antigens as well as the nature of the mechanism that triggers their expression remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3498638 TI - The number, depth and elongation of disc incisures in the retinal rod of Rana catesbeiana. AB - The disc incisures in the bullfrog retinal rod were examined by electron microscopy. The number of disc incisures is proportional to the cross-sectional perimeter of the outer segment. While the diameter of the red rod outer segments varies with their location along the vertical meridian of the retina, the incisure number also changes similarly. It is estimated by regression analysis that a single disc lobule, bordered by two adjacent incisures, has on the average about 1 micron of arc-like rim edge. When red and green rod discs are compared at their middle outer segments in the ventro-central retina, the disc incisures are 1.8 times more numerous and 1.5 times deeper in the red rod (mean incisure number, 27; mean length, 2.7 microns) than in the green rod (15; 1.8 microns). These differences result in the total disc edge of the red rod (mean, 178 microns) being two times longer than that of the green rod (85 microns). The disc incisures emerge at the basal end of the outer segment and on the average become linearly longer toward the middle outer segment. During displacement of discs over the distance of 2.5 microns, which covers about 90 discs, the incisures reach more than 90% of their maximum length of 2.7 micron in the middle outer segment. In addition, the process of incisure elongation has a kind of fluctuation in that the incisure frequently shows a sharp decrease and increase in length accompanied by a change in course in the disc surface. PMID- 3498637 TI - T cell activation by anti-CD3 antibodies: function of Fc receptors on B cell blasts, but not resting B cells, and CD18 on the responding T cells. AB - Mouse anti-human CD3 (T3) antibodies can induce T cell proliferation in the presence of Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing accessory cells. Depending on whether the particular antibody can interact with the FcR, it can be mitogenic or otherwise. Previously, some of us (Smith, K. G. C. et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1986. 16:478) examined human T cell responses to the murine anti-CD3 antibody switch variants UCHT1 (IgG1) and UCHT1B (IgG2b). Using a novel xenogeneic system with mouse macrophages (M phi) and an anti-FcR antibody, 2.4G2, we obtained direct evidence for accessory function of FcR in these responses. However, mouse B cells which also possess FcR were not accessory cells. Here we show that resting B cells do not inhibit anti-CD3 responses in the presence of other accessory cells, and they do not synergize with them. They appear to be inert in these responses but this is not simply because of their radiosensitivity. In contrast, B cell blasts proved to be potent stimulators of responses with UCHT1, UCHT1B and OKT3 (IgG2a). All three responses were inhibited by 2.4G2, whereas we have shown previously that the OKT3 response with M phi was not, in keeping with the known specificities of B cell and M phi FcR. These findings are discussed in relation to the molecular cloning of FcR, and we consider the possibility that distinct FcR could be expressed on resting and activated B cells. A report that anti-CD18 (LFA-1) antibodies blocked the UCHT1 response with human monocytes raised the possibility that this molecule might also be involved in accessory function. However, we show that this inhibition is in fact at the level of the T cell, since anti-human, but not anti-mouse CD18 antibodies, inhibited proliferative responses and clustering with both human and mouse accessory cells. Our results demonstrate that the principal contribution of accessory cells to anti-CD3 responses may be the provision of an FcR, and that CD18 is most probably required at the level of the T cell. PMID- 3498639 TI - Consequences of extremely high doses of irradiation on bone marrow stromal cells and the release of hematopoietic growth factors. AB - Although hematopoietic growth factors have previously been difficult to demonstrate in long-term murine bone marrow cultures, it is possible to demonstrate release of growth factors from adherent cells of these long-term cultures following modest doses of irradiation. The present studies were undertaken to determine the maximally tolerated dose of irradiation for growth factor-producing stromal cells and to characterize the growth factor activities. It was discovered that stromal cells could survive extremely high doses of irradiation (500 Gy) and continue to elaborate hematopoietic growth factors. Using escalating doses of irradiation, a dose-dependent increment in detectable hematopoietic growth factors was detectable in unconcentrated conditioned medium. Conditioned medium from long-term cultures exposed to 500 Gy stimulated both fresh murine bone marrow cells (15 +/- 2 to 81 +/- 5 CFU-C/5 X 10(4) target cells) and the interleukin-3/GM-CSF-responsive cell line FDC-P1. In the CFU-C assay, this activity appeared to be predominantly monocyte/macrophage differentiating activity (M-CSF), based upon colony morphology. However, following stimulation of these irradiated stromal cells with endotoxin, there was a significant increase in FDC-P1 growth-promoting activity, and in the CFU-C assay there was increased production of granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and blast cell type colonies indicating the increased release of a multilineage growth factor. The stromal cells surviving these extremely high doses of irradiation represent a heterogeneous population as demonstrated by morphologic, histochemical, and functional characterization. The two predominant cell populations included a macrophage-like cell and a large flat cell previously referred to as a "blanket" cell. PMID- 3498640 TI - Effects of recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on granulocyte-macrophage and blast colony formation. AB - We performed the present study to define the in vitro hemopoietic activity of murine recombinant (r) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using murine hemopoietic culture systems of normal bone marrow cells, fetal liver cells, and spleen cells of 5-fluorouracil (FU)-treated mice. Recombinant G-CSF supported only neutrophil and/or macrophage colony formation by normal bone marrow cells. It did not enhance the formation of erythroid bursts in the fetal liver cell assay, but interleukin-3 (IL-3) did. Paradoxically, rG-CSF could support the colony formation of multilineage colonies as well as blast colonies from the spleen cells of 5-FU-treated mice, while r-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and r-erythropoietin (Ep) did not. When blast colonies, formed in the presence of G-CSF, were replated to dishes containing IL 3, they were able to differentiate along multilineage pathways. However, when they were replated to dishes containing rG-CSF, they could differentiate only into neutrophils and macrophages. Single cells transferred from blast colonies formed only neutrophil-macrophage colonies. These data indicate that rG-CSF had a direct effect on the growth and development of GM progenitors at a late stage and a significant effect on multipotential hemopoietic precursors. Although it remains to be clarified how G-CSF acts on multipotential stem cells, this unique effect is important in the understanding of its pluripotent hemopoietic activity in vivo. PMID- 3498641 TI - Production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by a human melanoma cell line. AB - We have isolated a human melanoma line (LD-1) from a patient with melanoma and unexplained leukocytosis. The LD-1 cells produced a colony-stimulating factor (CSF) which stimulated primarily granulocytic colonies in human and murine bone marrow cultures. Erythroid burst and mixed colony-stimulating activity was not detected. A single CSF species with a molecular weight of 21,000 was detected in LD-1-conditioned media by G-200 chromatography. Nude mice transplanted with LD-1 tumors developed granulocytosis and had increased blood CSF levels. Messenger RNA from LD-1 cells directed the synthesis of CSF by Xenopus oocytes. Northern blots of LD-1 RNA hybridized strongly with oligonucleotide probes based on the published sequences for human G-CSF, but not with a probe based on the human GM CSF sequence. Northern blots hybridized with an oligonucleotide probe based on the CSF-1 sequence showed a high-molecular weight band; however, low-molecular weight CSF-1 mRNAs, which are present in the CSF-1-producing cell line MIA-PaCa 2, were not detected in the LD-1 mRNA. The CSF activity of LD-1 cells is best described as human granulocyte CSF. PMID- 3498642 TI - Interleukin-1 induces human bone marrow-derived fibroblasts to produce multilineage hematopoietic growth factors. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to induce stromal cells, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts, to produce multilineage hematopoietic growth factors. Although both of these cell types are well-described elements of the hematopoietic microenvironment, previous studies of IL-1-inducible colony stimulating factor responses have utilized fibroblasts and endothelial cells from nonhematopoietic sites. Since we hypothesize that this intercellular growth network is active in the hematopoietic microenvironment, we sought to determine the responsiveness of bone marrow fibroblasts to IL-1. We demonstrate here that recombinant human IL-1 alpha and beta stimulate the dose-dependent release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) and burst-promoting activity (BPA) by cultured human bone marrow fibroblasts. We conclude that bone marrow fibroblasts produce hematopoietic growth factors in response to interleukin-1, and that this may be a mechanism by which stromal cells regulate cellular growth and differentiation within the hematopoietic microenvironment. PMID- 3498643 TI - Effect of plasmacytoma cells on the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice. AB - Mice bearing syngeneic plasma cell tumors are characterized by elevated numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GM-CFU) in the spleen. We investigated the role of syngeneic plasmacytomas in the hematologic response to tumor cell transplantation by assaying the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) by cultured spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice and by plasmacytoma cells, alone and in coculture with spleen cells. Elevated levels of GM-CSA were detected in 7-day culture supernatants of spleen cells from Balb/c mice transplanted 2 weeks previously with syngeneic 4T00.1 plasmacytoma cells. Colony assays of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice demonstrated the presence of both granulocyte-macrophage and tumor cell colonies. A high frequency of GM CFU was detected in cultures which had not been supplemented with an exogenous source of GM-CSA. Significant levels of GM-CSA were detected in media conditioned by 4T00.1 plasmacytoma cells. 4T00.1-conditioned medium did not stimulate the growth of primative erythroid (BFU-E) and multilineage (CFU-GEMM) colonies, but stimulated the growth of FDC-P1 cells, thereby establishing the activity produced by 4T00.1 cells as GM-CSF. The levels of GM-CSA in media conditioned by coculturing control spleen and 4T00.1 cells were significantly higher than those detected in media conditioned by spleen cells alone. The colony frequency induced by the coculture supernatants, however, did not exceed the sum of the colonies detected in marrow cell cultures stimulated with media conditioned by control spleen and 4T00.1 cells alone. Our findings demonstrate that murine plasmacytoma cells are capable of secreting GM-CSF. They further suggest a key role for GM-CSA production by tumor cells in the hemopoietic response of mice bearing syngeneic plasma cell tumors. PMID- 3498644 TI - Evidence for Renshaw cell-motoneuron decoupling during tonic vestibular stimulation in man. AB - The influence of static head-body tilts in the sagittal plane on the activity of Renshaw cells coupled to the soleus extensor alpha-motoneurons was studied in eight human subjects. Head-body rotation was carried out using a tilting seat and its effect was evaluated at 80 degrees (normal sitting position) and at 40 degrees of backward inclination (nose-up). Renshaw cell activity was assessed through a specially designed method of paired H-reflexes first described by Bussel and Pierrot-Deseilligny. alpha-Motoneuron excitability was also independently studied by mapping a reference H-reflex amplitude as a function of static head-body displacements. In almost all subjects Renshaw cell activity was increased at 40 degrees backward inclination with respect to control values at 80 degrees. These changes were attributed to the tonic labyrinthine reflexes capable of decoupling Renshaw cell activity from their motoneurons when the body was tilted backward from the upright position. We discuss the hypothetical functional modalities of the recurrent inhibitory circuit during postural adjustments elicited by labyrinthine input. PMID- 3498645 TI - A dioestrous increase in thymocyte proliferation during the oestrous cycle. AB - Coitus, which precedes internal fertilisation, is a unique physiological event which allows motile allogeneic spermatozoa to enter the female host and invade her tissues. The cyclic cellular proliferation observed in the thymus of the female rat may be an important preparation of her immune system for this event. PMID- 3498646 TI - The epidemiology of nosocomial Pseudomonas cepacia infections: endemic infections. AB - Pseudomonas cepacia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. We analyzed a national nosocomial infections database, the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system, to describe the epidemiology of endemic nosocomial P. cepacia infections. Between 1980 and 1985, the P. cepacia nosocomial infection rate was 2.4 per 100,000 patient discharges. During this period, there was a significant increase in the P. cepacia infection rate. The highest infection rate was reported from large medical school-affiliated hospitals. Over 90% of the infections were reported from medicine and surgery services. The most frequently reported site of infection was the lower respiratory tract (31%), followed by blood (20%) and the urinary tract (20%). Nosocomial P. cepacia infections are often associated with mortality, particularly when they involve the lung. These data confirm the hypothesis that P. cepacia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen and suggest that the epidemiology of endemic infections differs from that reported for epidemic infections. PMID- 3498647 TI - AIDS in Sicily: prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in low and high risk groups. AB - A seroepidemiological survey, carried out to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to HIV in patients with ARC and in healthy individuals at risk for AIDS, showed the infection to be widespread in the groups at risk, namely in drug abusers and hemophiliacs. However, remarkable difference existed between the prevalence of antibodies to HIV in drug abusers of the city of Palermo and those of other Sicilian provinces. Spread of the virus among Sicilian thalassemics, however, was very low and quite similar in all geographic areas. Antibodies were found very rarely (0.06%) in unpaid voluntary blood donors. The spread of the virus is still confined in high risk groups, and the major part of the seropositive blood donors were identified a posteriori as drug abusers. PMID- 3498648 TI - Diarrhoeal disease in an aboriginal community. AB - Despite increased primary care services, diarrhoeal disease is a major contributor to morbidity experienced in Australia Aboriginal communities. Most available data is based on hospital admissions, and little is known about community incidence and attitudes. A review of clinic records provides evidence for a minimum of 1.24 episodes/year in children below five years. A survey of children in the community school identified 51% who had experienced diarrhoea in the previous two weeks, none of whom presented to the clinic. Diarrhoea without abdominal pain is not considered serious enough to seek treatment. A questionnaire confirmed that the community perceived diarrhoea as a major problem. Conventional preventive of treatment measures will not, by themselves, improve the situation and a substantial commitment by the community is required if the incidence of diarrhoea is to be reduced. Therefore it is proposed that the community should be actively involved in designing, implementing and evaluating future interventions. PMID- 3498649 TI - Chronic T-cell leukaemias. A variant of T-prolymphocytic leukaemias: morphological, immunological and clinical characterization of 2 cases. AB - In this study we describe 2 patients who appear to suffer from a morphological, cytochemical and clinico-haematological variant of T-prolymphocytic leukaemia (T PLL). The cells were smaller than typical prolymphocytes, with a regular nucleus containing a smaller and less prominent nucleolus; the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) cytochemical reactions showed a weaker pattern of positivity in this variant compared to T-PLL. No immunological differences were found between the two conditions with regard to membrane expression and functional behavior of the cells. The clinical course and the outcome of the patients appears to be different: aggressive and rapidly fatal in T-PLL; thus far well-controlled in the T-PLL variant. From a molecular point of view, both cases showed a monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta chain gene. PMID- 3498650 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of benzothienothiadiazolopyrimidine derivatives. III. AB - 2-Substituted derivatives of 5H-benzothieno [3,2-d] [1,3,4]-thiadiazolo [3,2 a]pyrimidin-5-one and of 10H-benzothieno [2,3-d] [1,3,4]-thiadiazolo [3,2 a]pyrimidin-10-one have been synthesized. The analgesic, antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of these derivatives were evaluated. Some derivatives showed an analgesic activity similar to or a little lower than that of indomethacin, and much higher than that of mefenamic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid and phenylbutazone, with a lower acute toxicity and a better gastric tolerance. PMID- 3498651 TI - Epidermal and transforming growth factors modulate secretion of a 69 kDa phosphoprotein in normal rat kidney fibroblasts. AB - Our study shows that the secretion of a major non-glycosylated, phosphoprotein of 69 kDa (pp69) is a specific marker for non-transformed NRK-49F cells. Treatment of NRK-49F cells with EGF alone or with different combinations of EGF plus TGF beta modulates the secretion of pp69, suggesting its relationship with cellular proliferation. Antibody raised against pp69 recognizes, in addition to pp69, another major phospho-protein of 62 kDa (pp62) secreted by RR1022 and spontaneously transformed NRK-49F cells. Immunoprecipitation of total cell lysates from both NRK-49F and RR1022 cells with anti-pp69 antibody detected only pp69. These observations suggest a precursor-product relationship between pp69 secreted by non-transformed NRK-49F cells and pp62 secreted by transformed cells. PMID- 3498652 TI - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor purified from normal human urine. Amino terminal sequence and amino acid composition. AB - A macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was purified to homogeneity from a large amount of normal human urine. Microanalysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence up to residue 44 revealed only a single residue difference from that deduced by other workers from the nucleotide sequence of M-CSF cDNA clones. The amino acid composition of the present preparation suggested that the M-CSF which we purified possessed a structure fitting the sequence 1-190 of TPA30-1 cell M CSF deduced by Wong et al. [(1987) Science 235, 1504-1508]. PMID- 3498653 TI - Ca2+ uptake and IP3-induced Ca2+ release in permeabilized human lymphocytes. AB - The 45Ca2+ uptake and 45Ca2+ release in saponin-permeabilized human lymphocytes were studied. An ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake into a nonmitochondrial, intracellular Ca2+ store is observed which is approx. 2 orders of magnitude greater than the ATP-independent Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+ uptake is inhibited by vanadate, but it is insensitive to oligomycin and ruthenium red. IP3 induces dose-dependent 45Ca2+ release. For half-maximum Ca2+ release 0.25-0.5 microM IP3 is required. The results of our studies suggest that 45Ca2+ is predominantly stored within the endoplasmic reticulum of the lymphocytes. PMID- 3498654 TI - [Masking of pan-T-cell markers in patients with autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 3498655 TI - Immunophenotyping of the eczematous flare-up reaction in a nickel-sensitive subject. AB - An eczematous flare-up reaction, occurring at a previously involved site, which followed oral challenge with 5.6 mg of nickel in a 29-year-old nickel-sensitive woman, was biopsied and studied by immunohistochemistry. The cellular infiltrate in the dermis and epidermis at 8 days was predominantly of Leu 3a phenotype (helper/inducer T lymphocytes), with smaller numbers of Leu-2a-reactive (suppressor/cytotoxic) T lymphocytes. Many infiltrating cells were DR-positive. No increase in epidermal Leu-6-positive Langerhans cells was seen but Leu-6 reactive cells were noted in the dermal infiltrate. Keratinocytes showed some expression of class II antigen (mainly DR). In comparison with the 48-hour allergic patch test reaction, the eczematous flare-up site showed no increase in epidermal Langerhans cell numbers nor infiltration with macrophages, but the responses were similar since both showed a superficial T cell reaction in the skin. PMID- 3498657 TI - Inhibition of packing of acetylcholine into quanta by ammonium. AB - Soaking frog motor nerve terminals in a hypertonic solution produces an increase in the size of miniature end plate potentials (mepp's) and miniature end plate currents (mepc's) after the preparations are returned to normal Ringer's solution. There is substantial evidence that the size increase occurs because additional acetylcholine (ACh+) is incorporated into the quanta. It has been proposed that ACh+ loading into synaptic vesicles requires a proton gradient. As a step in testing this hypothesis the effects of millimolar concentrations of NH4+, methylamine+, or trimethylamine+ in the extracellular solution on the increase in quantal size were measured. These substances would be expected to accumulate in acid intracellular compartments, which would diminish the acidity. The increase in quantal size was blocked by these substances, in agreement with the idea that the proton gradient is involved in ACh+ accumulation. Tetanic stimulation in solutions containing 5 mM NH4Cl also produces a decrease in quantal size, not seen in controls in NH4+-free solution. The inhibition of transmitter packaging by ammonia may play a role in the neural sequelae of hepatic failure. PMID- 3498656 TI - Current concepts in intraocular lens implantation. AB - PC IOLs appear to be safe and effective and there are few contraindications. Based on the available data we feel confident about implanting PC IOLs in healthy eyes of patients aged 40 or older. For younger patients, we do not recommended an IOL unless glasses or contact lens use is not feasible. Caution is urged however in the use of semiflexible, closed-loop AC IOLs as well as 'soft' PC IOLs. Other questions regarding material of choice, bag versus sulcus fixation, and UV absorbers remain controversial. PMID- 3498658 TI - Mitogenesis in fetal rat bone cells simultaneously exposed to type beta transforming growth factor and other growth regulators. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is found in large amounts in bone tissue, and is a potent mitogen for osteoblast-enriched cell cultures obtained from fetal rat parietal bone. Because other local and systemic factors may be presented to bone cells simultaneously with TGF-beta, it is important to understand the effects of this complex growth regulator in such circumstances. Unlike the effects observed in many tissue systems, TGF-beta does not invariably inhibit the mitogenic response of bone cells to other growth promoters. In contrast, other factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and type alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) limit the response of osteoblastic bone cells to TGF-beta. TGF-beta is a much weaker mitogen for fibroblastic cells obtained from fetal rat bone, whereas fetal bovine serum, EGF, bFGF, and TNF-alpha are more potent stimulators. In addition, TGF beta does not significantly impair the response of the fibroblastic bone cells to the other tested agents. These findings reinforce a role of TGF-beta as an anabolic bone growth regulator, and suggest that its function may be modified by other local or systemic agents that can also affect bone cells. PMID- 3498660 TI - Gastric mucosal vasculopathy in portal hypertension. PMID- 3498659 TI - Gastric mucosal vascular ectasias causing bleeding in cirrhosis. A distinct entity associated with hypergastrinemia and low serum levels of pepsinogen I. AB - To characterize bleeding from gastric red spots in patients with cirrhosis, three groups of patients were studied: (a) 11 cirrhotic patients bleeding from gastric red spots, (b) 18 nonbleeding cirrhotic patients without gastric red spots, and (c) 13 noncirrhotic patients with endoscopic normal mucosa (controls). Histologic examination of antral biopsy specimens revealed a diffuse capillary ectasia without inflammation in 8 of the 11 cirrhotic patients with gastric lesions. Morphometric analysis disclosed a significantly greater mean mucosal capillary cross-sectional area in cirrhotic patients with gastric lesions (mean +/- SE, 1371 +/- 320 microns2) than in those without gastric lesions (541 +/- 61 microns2) (p less than 0.005) or controls (353 +/- 20 microns2) (p less than 0.001). Hypergastrinemia was detected in 8 of the 11 cirrhotic patients with lesions, in 2 of the 18 cirrhotic patients without gastric lesions, and in none of the controls (p less than 0.001). Gastrin serum levels correlated significantly (r = 0.80) with mean mucosal capillary cross-sectional area in patients with cirrhosis. Pepsinogen I serum levels below 20 ng/ml were observed in 7 of the 11 cirrhotic patients with lesions, in 1 of the 18 cirrhotic patients without lesions, and in none of the controls. These data indicate that bleeding from gastric red spots in patients with cirrhosis is a distinct entity characterized by vascular ectasia of the gastric mucosa. This condition seems to be associated with hypergastrinemia and low serum levels of pepsinogen I. PMID- 3498661 TI - Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Regio Leiden, The Netherlands. A population study from 1979 to 1983. AB - An epidemiologic study of inflammatory bowel disease was conducted in Regio Leiden, the Netherlands, between 1979 and 1983. Archives of endoscopy, radiology, pathology, and specialist letters were reviewed for suspected patients with inflammatory bowel disease, together with a survey of all general practitioners to verify completeness of data. One thousand forty patients were identified and each diagnosis was reviewed. Two hundred ten patients had Crohn's disease and 257 had ulcerative colitis. Of the other 573 patients, the largest proportion (21%) had incomplete data for disease classification. Others had irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, or ischemic or irradiation colitis; some were nonresident patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated within the region and others were out of the period for inclusion in this investigation. The incidence of Crohn's disease was 3.9 per 10(5) per year and the period prevalence was 48 per 10(5). The sex-specific incidence was similar, although the disease was significantly more common in women aged 20-29 yr. The prevalence in the city municipalities of Leiden and Alphen on the Rijn (63 per 10(5)) was similar but significantly greater than in suburban (39 per 10(5)) or agarian areas (40 per 10(5)). This may be partially due to urban density but not to differences in water supply. The lack of cases in the migrant population almost reaches significant levels, but studies in locations with a higher migrant population may clarify the issue. PMID- 3498662 TI - Severe ulceration and delayed perforation of the esophagus after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. PMID- 3498664 TI - Internal hemorrhoid bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 3498663 TI - Bacterial peritonitis following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. PMID- 3498665 TI - Metabolic aspects of aging brain and related disorders. AB - In this report we summarize some of our findings obtained with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in man and with 19F nuclear magnetic relaxation (19FNMR) and (14C) deoxyglucose ([14C]DG) techniques in animals. 99Tc hexamethyl-propyleneamineoxime (99Tc-HM-PAO) SPECT showed a pattern of decreased cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer and Parkinson patients without clinical and instrumental signs of cerebrovascular diseases. Rat cerebral cortex superoxide dismutases (SODs) concentrations, as detected with 19FNMR, increased in an age related fashion. These increases may constitute a self-protecting mechanism of the brain against the parallel elevations of free radical reactions observed during aging. The specific neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) elevated ([14C]DG) uptake in catecholaminergic regions of the mouse brain. These effects could be prevented by pretreatment with l deprenyl. Our results suggest that excitotoxic mechanisms may participate in the neurotoxic effect of MPTP and they can be abolished by the monoamine-oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor. PMID- 3498666 TI - Local cerebral metabolic changes in acute ischemic strokes. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) studies with 18F deoxyglucose were completed in 35 patients with acute ischemic strokes. Twelve cases were studied within 72 h, 23 between 4 and 14 days. Results indicate the functional and prognostic significance of early tomography studies of metabolism, and anticipate possible use of metabolic imaging in the evaluation of treatment. PMID- 3498667 TI - Preoperative and intraoperative localisation of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. AB - In the past six years, 37 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin had their bleeding sites localised preoperatively or intraoperatively. Preoperative investigations followed a regime consisting of endoscopy, barium meal and follow through, small bowel enema, 99mTc pertechnetate scan, 99mTc labelled red blood cell scan and selective coeliac and mesenteric angiography. Bleeding lesions were localised preoperatively in 36 patients. In one patient, diagnostic laparotomy had to be carried out immediately before any investigation because the bleeding was severe. At operation, angiosarcoma of ileum was found. Unless preoperative investigations showed the lesions to be in anatomically fixed organs like the duodenum or colon, the lesions had still to be found at operation. Palpation and transillumination detected the lesion intraoperatively in 21 patients while only some lesions were found in three patients with multiple lesions. Sigmoidoscopy through enterotomies was required in one patient. Intraoperative enteroscopy was done for small lesions not found grossly at operation in nine patients, to detect additional lesions in three patients or to rule out suspicious lesion shown on preoperative tests in one patient. In another patient with diffuse lymphoma of small bowel with bleeding from only a small segment of jejunum, injection of methylene blue intraoperatively through a previously placed angiographic catheter stained the bleeding segment of jejunum blue. This segment was identified easily and resected. These preoperative and intraoperative localisation procedures were simple and effective and we recommend them to be used more freely. PMID- 3498668 TI - Acute ischaemic colitis in a female long distance runner. AB - A 34 year old female long distance runner is reported with bloody diarrhoea. Colonoscopy revealed patchy haemorrhagic mucosal lesions throughout the colon. The most extensive lesions were found in the sigmoid colon. Histologic examination disclosed mucosal haemorrhage, dilated capillaries, patchy fibrosis and superficial erosions. Additional findings in this patient were haemorrhagic gastritis, microscopic haematuria and rhabdomyolysis. The only medication taken by the patient was oral contraceptives. We conclude that ischaemic colitis is one of the possible mechanisms leading to gastrointestinal blood loss in competitive runners. PMID- 3498670 TI - Light and dark cells in the human embryonic trigeminal ganglion. PMID- 3498669 TI - Association of dengue hemorrhagic fever with the HLA system. AB - The frequency of HLA antigens was determined in 82 unrelated patients who had been hospitalized with the most severe form of dengue hemorrhagic fever: shock, dehydration and severe hemorrhages (DHF/DSS). The HLA-A1, HLA-B plank, HLA Cw1 and HLA-A29 antigens showed a significant difference when their values were compared with the normal control group. PMID- 3498671 TI - [Coronary surgery in females]. AB - In the last three years, of a total of 617 patients undergoing surgery for ischemic heart disease, 53 were women (8.6%). With one exception, all were in or shortly before the menopause. As compared with men, the women were found to have a preponderance of risk factors. The most unfavorable combination, that of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, was present in one-third of the patients. Hospital mortality for isolated revascularization was higher in women at 4.9% than in men at 1.5%. The one-year survival rates, however, of 94.4% and 95%, respectively, did not differ between the two sexes. In women, the number of grafts per patient was 2.1 as compared with 2.9 in men. Complete revascularization was achieved less frequently in women than in men; similarly graft patency rate at one year of 66% in women was less than the 84% observed in men. The more marked coronary sclerosis as well as morphologic characteristics of coronary arteries in women construe a special challenge to the surgeon and prerequisite a high degree of technical skill. PMID- 3498672 TI - Evaluation of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration as a test of pineal function in humans. AB - We tested the hypothesis that acute 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) administration would cause an increase in concentrations of plasma melatonin to levels observed during the spontaneous nocturnal melatonin surge. We administered 5-HTP orally (5 12 mg/kg) to 10 healthy children and 5 healthy adults, and measured melatonin concentrations in plasma samples obtained every 30 min for 3-6 h. There was no appreciable increase in melatonin after 5-HTP stimulation, even though a melatonin increase has been reported in sheep treated with 5-HTP. PMID- 3498673 TI - Prevention of recurrence of esophageal varices after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate. AB - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy was given to 155 patients with esophageal varices mainly related to non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The formation of a superficial ulcer in the lower esophagus was achieved in 141 (91.0%) of the 155 patients, with an average of 4.1 sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy during an average time of 4.9 weeks. The average volume of 5% ethanolamine oleate sclerosant used was 24.8, 19.2, 12.3 and 6.5 ml for the initial to fourth sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, respectively. For 14 patients, a sufficient number of sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy could not be given: 10 early deaths (5 hepatoma, 4 liver failure and 1 gastric bleeding), and 4 refused further sessions. When the esophageal mucosa had been eliminated and a superficial ulcer had formed, episodes of recurrent bleeding or recurrence of esophageal varices were nil over a median follow-up of 14.6 months, with a range of 1 to 27 months. In seven patients, bleeding recurred before elimination of the mucosa could be achieved, but these bleeding episodes were well controlled with an additional session of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. At the time of analysis, there were 36 deaths (20 hepatoma, 14 liver failure and 2 gastric bleeding) among these 155 patients. Thus, the mean follow-up was 16.3 months (range: 7 to 27 months) in the 119 survivors, with no recurrence of the varices. We propose that removal of the esophageal mucosa may well be the endpoint of repeated endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in the management of patients on injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 3498675 TI - Large cell transformation of subclinical small lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma: a variant of Richter's syndrome. AB - The authors report three cases of diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (large cell, two; mixed small and large cell, one) arising in association with clinically silent small lymphocytic proliferations involving bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Immunologic marker studies suggested origin from a common B cell clone in two cases; in one case the large cell lymphoma lacked detectable surface markers. Some cases of diffuse aggressive lymphomas of adults may arise by large cell transformation of clinically silent small lymphocytic proliferations, a process akin to Richter's syndrome. PMID- 3498674 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis: associations with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. AB - Tissue injury in primary biliary cirrhosis is thought to be mediated by immune mechanisms. Various Class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex are associated with autoimmune diseases and their differing clinical manifestations. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between primary biliary cirrhosis, its clinical manifestations and serologically defined Class II antigens (HLA-DR and HLA-DQ). Typing for these antigens was performed in 114 primary biliary cirrhotic patients and 171 controls by lymphocytotoxicity. There was a 6-fold increase in the frequency of HLA-DRw8 in primary biliary cirrhosis as compared to controls [30.1 vs. 4.7% (p less than 0.0001)]. In contrast, HLA DR5 had a decreased frequency in primary biliary cirrhosis as compared to controls [9.8 vs. 25.2% (p less than 0.02)]. We examined the relationship between Class II antigens and the following prognostic indicators in primary biliary cirrhosis: serum bilirubin; 24-hr urine copper; serum albumin; prothrombin time; platelet count; ascites, and histologic stage (I to IV). Patients who are positive for HLA-DRw52 (n = 82) had a 2-fold increase in serum bilirubin compared to those who are negative (n = 32) for this antigen (p less than 0.05). Conversely, patients who are positive for HLA-DR2 had less than half the serum bilirubin values of those negative for this antigen (p less than 0.02). In conclusion, we found different Class II antigens to be associated with a prognostic indicator in primary biliary cirrhosis (serum bilirubin), while HLA DRw8 is strongly associated with the disease itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498676 TI - Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma. AB - A case of malignant lymphoma probably representing the neoplastic counterpart of "monocytoid B cells" is described. The lymphoma cells had medium-sized, oval to indented nuclei and moderate amounts of pale cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical studies on cryostat sections revealed positive staining for pan-B, B1, B4, BA2, 12 (HLA-DR), and IgM lambda, but not T-cell or monocytic markers. PMID- 3498677 TI - Venereal trichomoniasis: role of men. AB - It has been suggested that high zinc concentrations found in men may prevent Trichomonas vaginalis from being established in the male reproductive tract. In this investigation T vaginalis was readily killed at concentrations of zinc that occur in the prostatic fluid of healthy men (minimum trichomonacidal concentration (MTC) of 6.4 mmol/l). T vaginalis was also shown to be killed by human prostatic extracts as well as by human seminal fluid, even when the zinc content was much lower than the MTC for T vaginalis. It seems likely, therefore, that there are at least two antitrichomonal mechanisms in the male reproductive tract, one being zinc dependent and the other not relating to zinc content. Tritrichomonas foetus, which causes venereal trichomoniasis in cattle, was unaffected by bovine seminal fluid and was killed by zinc only at concentrations far higher than those found in the prostatic fluid in the bull (MTC 200 mmol/l). PMID- 3498678 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in donovanosis assessed by monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulins. AB - The haematological profile and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of 36 patients with donovanosis were estimated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies. Concentrations of serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were also estimated. The total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts were generally raised, as were total T lymphocyte, T4, and T8 counts. Patients with the hypertrophic variant, however, had decreased numbers of T lymphocytes and T8 cells and increased B cells and IgG. B lymphocyte counts and IgM and IgG concentrations were raised generally. PMID- 3498679 TI - Allelic segregation of HLA-Bw73 from B7. AB - We report here the reaction pattern of a local serum (C2487) with antigens B7 and Bw73, and data from an intercross family in which B7 and Bw73 antigens segregate as alleles. PMID- 3498680 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) subtypes in the Spanish Basque provinces. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin subtypes were studied in resident (644) and native (222) individuals from the Spanish Basque Country. The gene frequencies were similar to those in other Spanish populations but the isolated valley of Arratia deviated significantly with increased frequencies of the M2 and M3 alleles and a decrease of the M1 allele. PMID- 3498681 TI - Genetic markers in patients with intracranial aneurysms. AB - HLA antigens, blood group systems (ABO, Rh, MNSs, P, Kell, Lewis and Duffy) and serum group systems (Hp, Tf, Gc, Pi, Bf, C3 and C4) were studied in a series of patients with intracranial aneurysms. A significantly increased frequency of HLA antigen A28, a significantly decreased frequency of HLA antigen B40, and a significantly decreased frequency of complement factor C4 B2 was found among the patients when compared with controls from the same geographic area. PMID- 3498682 TI - Antigen-processing revisited--a foreword. PMID- 3498683 TI - Clearance of persistent respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunodeficient mice following transfer of primed T cells. AB - Little is known of the role of T-cell mediated immune responses in the clearance and pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. In this study, we established persistent pulmonary RSV infections in athymic nu/nu BALB/c mice or immunodeficient irradiated BALB/c mice, and examined the patterns of virus clearance following adoptive transfer of splenic memory T cells. Primed T cells transferred between Day 5 and Day 8 of infection will clear lung RSV from both nu/nu mice and irradiated mice within 10 days of transfer. Partially purified Lyt 2+ T cells are more effective than L3T4+-selected T cells. No RSV-specific serum antibody could be detected, suggesting that clearance is by an antibody independent mechanism. In contrast, delayed (Day 14) transfer of primed L3T4+ selected cells clears lung RSV from nu/nu mice, and this correlates with RSV specific serum antibody production. Clearance is not seen following Day 14 transfer of total primed T cells or T cells selected for the Lyt 2+ subset. PMID- 3498684 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on growth and differentiation of bone-marrow derived mucosal mast cells in vitro. AB - An in vitro culture system was used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on the production of mucosal mast cell (MMC) growth activity from T cells, and the proliferation and maturation of MMC in culture. The addition of dexamethasone (Dex) to cultures of lymphocytes from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb.)-infected rats suppressed production of MMC growth activity, as assessed by the lack of MMC growth and differentiation when supernatants of the treated lymphocyte cultures were added to normal rat bone-marrow cultures. Dexamethasone treatment of normal rat bone-marrow cultures affected the maturation of the bone-marrow derived MMC by preventing normal granule development. The ratio of neutrophils:macrophages present in the cultures was also altered. Dexamethasone did not have any detectable effect on mature MMC in culture. PMID- 3498685 TI - Modulation of the murine immune response to human IgG by complexing with monoclonal antibodies. II. Antibody responses to idiotopes of the human IgG paraprotein and of the mouse monoclonal antibodies. AB - Anti-idiotope antibodies produced by mice immunized with a human IgG paraprotein complexed with various mouse monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) have been measured. All animals receiving more than one injection of the paraprotein (free or complexed with a mouse McAb) produced antibodies to the idiotypes of the paraprotein. Complexing with a McAb, especially an anti-Fc-gamma McAb, enhanced the response. Antibodies to the idiotopes of mouse McAbs were more difficult to produce and their production was very dependent on the mode and schedule of the immunization. The best antisera were produced by mice receiving a course of injections of pre-formed complexes of the IgG paraprotein and McAbs. Four of five mice produced antibodies to the idiotopes of an anti-light chain McAb (C4) after a course of immunization (one primary plus four boosts) of an IgG-C4 complex. Two of the six mice receiving a similar course of injections of the paraprotein complexed with an anti-gamma McAb (A55) produced high titres of antibodies to A55 idiotypes. Responses were enhanced when complexes were prepared with a pool of McAbs. It is probable that the formation of large multi-cross-linked complexes containing the McAb under study is important in generating the response. Once a response is initiated, very high titres may be achieved. PMID- 3498686 TI - The absence of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity in a syngeneic murine tumour system. AB - In different murine systems, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) swelling responses at 24-48 hr after antigen challenge were preceded by an early 2-hr swelling response. The 24-hr DTH response is thought to depend on this early (DTH initiating) hypersensitivity response. In this paper we show that in the syngeneic DBA/2-SL2 murine tumour system only an early 2-hr swelling response can be evoked. This early hypersensitivity response was tumour specific and serotonin dependent. The early hypersensitivity response in contact hypersensitivity has been ascribed to antigen-specific T-cell factors. To test whether similar T-cell factors were involved in the early hypersensitivity response in this syngeneic tumour system, we have transferred lymph node, spleen lymphocytes and serum from immunized mice into naive recipients. The serum was fractionated in two fractions, a 50,000-80,000 MW fraction, and a 120,000-190,000 MW fraction. In recipients of lymphocytes, total serum and the 50,000-80,000 MW fraction of the serum, an early hypersensitivity response can be evoked. So, these data suggest the involvement of specific T-cell factors in the development of an early hypersensitivity response against syngeneic tumour cells. Despite the development of an early (DTH initiating) hypersensitivity swelling response these immunized animals cannot develop a classical 24-hr swelling response. This absence of the 24-hr response in the presence of the 2-hr response is discussed in relation to the frequently observed immune suppression in tumour-bearing mice. PMID- 3498687 TI - Alloreactivity of an OVA-specific T-cell clone. I. Stimulation by class II MHC and novel non-MHC B-cell determinants. AB - A T-cell clone (Ly1-03) derived from BALB/cBy mice, though highly specific for OVA/Ad, reacted to allogeneic spleen cells of 6 of 12 H-2 haplotypes tested. The reactivity to each particular H-2 haplotype required the expression of a non major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene product present on the B cells of certain strains of mice. All the alloreactive responses were MHC restricted and were inhibited by class II-specific and L3T4-specific monoclonal antibodies. The non-MHC gene product, X, is a new lymphocyte-stimulating determinant that is not expressed in mice with the xid defect. We favor a model that proposes two independent sites (or receptors) for X and the class II molecule. Contrary to previous models for alloreactivity, the anti-MHC site is not directed to a polymorphic receptor for self-class II epitope on the foreign class II molecule, but rather to a conserved determinant present on both self- and allo-class II molecules. If there is only one antigen receptor on the T-cell clone Ly1-03, then anti-X receptor must bind to a cross-reactive determinant found on immunogenic OVA and the non-MHC coded gene product expressed on the cell surface membrane. We further postulate that class II plus "X" recognition may be a general rule for alloreactive as well as autoreactive responses. Thus, both allo-class II and allo class I reactive T cells are similar in that both bind a non-MHC coded gene product prior to activation. PMID- 3498688 TI - Immune responsiveness to Ambrosia artemisiifolia (short ragweed) pollen allergen Amb a VI (Ra6) is associated with HLA-DR5 in allergic humans. AB - The relationship between HLA type and specific immune responsiveness toward ultrapure Ambrosia artemisiifolia (short ragweed) pollen allergen Amb a VI (Ra6) was explored in a genetic-epidemiologic study of groups of 116 and 81 Caucasoid subjects who were skin-test positive (ST+) toward common environmental allergens. Specific immune responsiveness to Amb a VI was assessed by measuring serum IgE and IgG antibodies (Abs) by double Ab radioimmunoassay in both ST+ groups. Significant associations were found between IgE Ab responsiveness to Amb a VI and the possession of HLA-DR5; P values for the two groups were, respectively, 7 X 10(-7) and 1 X 10(-3) by nonparametric analyses, and 4 X 10(-11) and 5 X 10(-8) by parametric analyses. The levels of significance for the associations between HLA-DR5 and IgG Ab responsiveness were highly dependent on the extent of ragweed immunotherapy (Rx) within the patient group; by parametric statistics, the associations were 10(-11) for the group that had received relatively little Rx and 2 X 10(-3) for the group that had received more intensive Rx. These results provide further striking evidence for the existence of specific HLA-linked human Ir genes involved in responsiveness toward inhaled allergens and illustrate the usefulness of the allergy model in studies of the genetic basis of human immune responsiveness. Extension of these studies to investigation of structure-function relationships involved in antigen recognition by Ia molecules and the T-cell receptor will lead to a better understanding of human susceptibility toward immunologic diseases. PMID- 3498690 TI - Primary murine Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in B-cell-deficient mice. AB - Mice were rendered deficient in B-cell activity by treatment with anti-mu antibody from birth. These animals were then infected intranasally with murine Chlamydia trachomatis (murine pneumonitis agent [MoPn]). They produced neither local nor systemic antibody to MoPn but had intact delayed-type hypersensitivity to MoPn. Anti-mu-treated mice were not significantly more susceptible to primary invasive infection with MoPn than were control mice, and unrestricted multiplication with MoPn did not occur. The dominant immune response controlling this type of infection is not likely to be antibody. PMID- 3498689 TI - Protection of gnotobiotic rats against dental caries by passive immunization with bovine milk antibodies to Streptococcus mutans. AB - A multivalent vaccine consisting of whole cell antigens of seven strains, representing four serotypes (b, c, d and g), of mutans streptococci was used to hyperimmunize a group of cows. Serum samples from these animals contained immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody activity to seven serotypes (a to g) of mutans streptococci. Whey obtained from the animal with the highest serum antibody activity, which also contained high levels of IgG1 antibody, was used in passive caries immunity studies. Gnotobiotic rats monoinfected with Streptococcus mutans MT8148 serotype c or Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176 (d) or 6715 (g) and provided a caries-promoting diet containing immune whey had lower plaque scores, numbers of streptococci in plaque, and degree of caries activity than similarly infected animals given a diet containing control whey obtained from nonimmunized cows. To establish the nature of the protective component(s) present in the immune whey, an ultrafiltrate fraction of the whey was prepared. This preparation contained higher levels of IgG1 anti-S. mutans antibody activity than the immune whey. Rats monoinfected with S. mutans MT8148 and provided with a diet supplemented with 0.1% of this fraction exhibited a degree of caries protection similar to that seen in animals provided a diet containing 100% immune whey. In fact, a diet containing as little as 0.01% of the ultrafiltrate fraction gave some degree of protection against oral S. mutans infection. The active component in the immune whey was the IgG1 anti-S. mutans antibody, since rats monoinfected with S. mutans MT8148 and provided a diet supplemented with purified immune whey IgG1 had significantly reduced plaque scores, numbers of S. mutans in plaque, and caries activity compared with control animals. Prior adsorption of the IgG fraction with killed S. mutans MT8148 whole cells removed antibody activity and abrogated caries protection. PMID- 3498691 TI - Inhibition of interleukin 2 by serum in healthy individuals and in patients with autoimmune disease. AB - To study the mechanisms that regulate the activity of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and possibly limit its activity, we have examined normal human serum for its ability to inhibit IL 2-mediated proliferation of a cloned IL 2-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte line (CTLL). Normal human serum contains a factor capable of inhibiting IL 2 dependent proliferation of CTLL cells. This factor is absorbed with the cells but not IL 2 molecules. The inhibitor is heat-labile and inactivated by trypsin treatment. The molecular weight of the inhibitor is 70,000 220,000. The imbalance of the inhibitor is observed in serum from patients with autoimmune disease including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that the serum IL 2 inhibitor may play an important role in the in vivo regulatory mechanism of IL 2 activity and in aberrant immune functions in humans. PMID- 3498692 TI - Modulating effects of heparin preparations on the DNA synthesis response of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes activated by mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate. AB - The effect of unfractionated heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment was tested on the DNA synthesis response of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes from nickel-allergic patients, activated by mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate. An inhibition was found with unfractionated heparin at a concentration of 1.1 mg/ml, when added at 1 h after mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate and with the same concentration of the heparin fragment, when added at 1 h after nickel sulfate, no effect was seen after addition at 72 h after the salts. Both heparin preparations in concentrations of 0.0001-0.11 mg/ml stimulated the response to nickel sulfate and in concentrations of 0.001-0.11 mg/ml stimulated the response to mercuric chloride. Thus the heparin preparations seem to have different modulating effects on both nickel and mercury activation of lymphocytes dependent on both heparin concentration and the point of time when it was added in the course of the activation process. PMID- 3498694 TI - Neuropeptide regulation of human thymocyte, guinea pig T lymphocyte and rat B lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - The effect of 15 defined neuropeptides on the mitogenic activation of lymphocytes from human thymus, guinea pig lymph nodes and rat spleen was investigated. Lymphocytes were incubated in the absence or presence of polyclonal T and B cell activators together with increasing doses of the neuropeptides, and harvested at 48 h of culture after pulse-labeling with 3H-thymidine to assess the DNA synthesis. A dose-related stimulatory effect on the spontaneous 3H-thymidine incorporation of human thymocytes was obtained with methionine-enkephalin (met enk), motilin and neurotensin. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide HI (PHI) were inhibitory. A similar responsiveness was observed in cultures of phytohemagglutinin P (PHA)-activated human thymocytes. The low level of basal DNA synthesis of guinea pig lymph node cells was stimulated by VIP and inhibited by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and PHI. PHA-activated lymph node T lymphocytes were stimulated by neurotensin, bombesin and motilin, whereas NPY inhibited the thymidine uptake. The low rate of spontaneous DNA synthesis of rat spleen cells was increased in the presence of VIP. Met-enk stimulated both basal and dextran sulfate-activated splenic B cell proliferation, whereas PHI was inhibitory in both cases. The following peptides were found to be inactive in all the above assays: substance P, cholecystokinin-octapeptide, somatostatin, galanin, oxytocin, pentagastrin and gastrin-releasing peptide 1-27 and 14-27. Although the responses were generally of low magnitude and observed at high peptide concentrations, present study contributes to the understanding of possible mechanisms involved in interactions between the nervous and the immune system. PMID- 3498693 TI - Detection of IgG subclass-specific anti-IgE antibodies in normal and atopic individuals. AB - Atopic dermatitis and atopic asthma patients were shown to have elevated IgG anti IgE levels compared with those of controls. When the pattern of IgG subclass anti IgE activity was studied, further differences between the three groups became apparent. Adults with atopic dermatitis had elevated IgG1 and IgG4 anti-IgE compared with those of controls but no corresponding increase in the IgG2 or IgG3 subclasses. For Sri Lankan children with atopic asthma and a high incidence of Nematoda infection, elevated anti-IgE was restricted to the IgG1 subclass. While IgG1 anti-IgE proved to be the predominant subclass for both atopic groups, IgG2 anti-IgE was the major subclass among controls. PMID- 3498695 TI - Mitogenic effect of beryllium sulfate on mouse B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Beryllium metal and its salts can produce disease in man and in animal models. Beryllium disease is thought to involve cell-mediated immunity and an antigen dependent response by beryllium-specific T cells. Beryllium salts have been shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and release of lymphokines, and to induce granuloma formation and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice, guinea pigs and man. The studies described here were designed to test the hypothesis that a second lymphocyte population, B cells, may be responding nonspecifically to beryllium. Different populations of BDF1 mouse lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of beryllium sulfate (BeSO4), and the increase in 125-iodouracildeoxyriboside uptake after 72 h in culture was determined. The data show that BeSO4 is weakly mitogenic for normal mouse spleen cells. Furthermore, BeSO4 is mitogenic for normal and nude mouse spleen B cells and not for spleen T cells or thymocytes in vitro. These findings suggest that BeSO4 can stimulate B cells nonspecifically, and support the hypothesis that polyclonal activation of B cells by beryllium may occur. PMID- 3498696 TI - Thymus dependence of compound 48/80-induced mucosal mast cell proliferation. AB - The mucosal and connective-tissue mast cells (MMC and CTMC, respectively) of the rat are histochemically and functionally distinct. MMC, unlike CTMC, are insensitive to the degranulating action of the mast cell secretagogue Compound 48/80 and instead increase in number after treatment with this drug. T cell derived growth factors are necessary for the growth of MMC-like cells from hemopoietic tissues in vitro, as well as for nematode-induced MMC proliferation in vivo. We therefore examined the possible role of the thymus in the pharmacologically induced MMC expansion. Mast cell numbers and histamine content after treatment with Compound 48/80 were determined in the skin, tongue and gut of athymic male LEW/MOL-rnu/rnu rats and their normal littermates at the age of 6 7 weeks. The influence of the strain of rat and the mode of administration of the drug was assessed by studying age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley rats as well. Injections of Compound 48/80 for 5 days resulted in a statistically significant increase in the number of intestinal MMC and the histamine content of all thymus bearing rats. The increase was more pronounced in the Sprague-Dawley rats, however, and unrelated to the mode of administration of the drug, indicating that the MMC-stimulating action of Compound 48/80 is at least partly controlled by genetic factors. Athymic rats showed no statistically significant MMC expansion. This suggests that the MMC response after Compound 48/80 treatment may be at least partly dependent on the thymus. The mast cell numbers and histamine content in the tissues of athymic control rats were higher than in their thymus-bearing littermates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498697 TI - Expansion of a T lymphocyte subpopulation (CD3+,4-,8-) after immunodepression associated with disseminated histoplasmosis. AB - A major subpopulation of T lymphocytes bearing a high density of CD3 (T3/Leu 4) with no detectable CD4 (T4/Leu 3a) or CD8 (T8/Leu 2a) was found in a patient with cardiomyopathy. Previously the patient had developed disseminated histoplasmosis which had been associated with a profound anergic state. The proportion of CD3+ lymphocytes that bore the phenotype CD3+,4-,8- has been increasing in the absence of reactivation of the histoplasmosis. The CD3+,4-,8- lymphocytes bound anti-CD2 but did not bind WT31, a monoclonal antibody specific for the alpha beta heterodimer of the T cell antigen receptor. PMID- 3498698 TI - The epidemiology of Malassezia (Pityrosporon) folliculitis in Singapore. AB - Seventy patients with a clinical diagnosis of Malassezia folliculitis were studied, of which 48 were confirmed on finding unipolar budding yeastlike organisms on gramstained microscopy or histology specimens. The epidemiologic and clinical features of these 48 cases (M = 44; F = 4) were analyzed. The typical Singaporean patient with Malassezia folliculitis is a young man of mean age 22.2 years with erythematous follicular papules or pustules on the upper back, shoulders, upper chest, and sides of the back. Aggravating factors include heat and sweating. Excessive sebum production may be an important underlying factor. PMID- 3498700 TI - X-linked cone dystrophy. An overlooked diagnosis? AB - The cone dystrophies can be subdivided into 3 functional stages: central cone disease, peripheral cone disease and diffuse cone disease, respectively. In the patient material of our clinic the sex distribution of patients presenting with te diffuse cone disease stage was abnormal: 22 males and 3 females. The authors suggest that the diagnosis X-linked cone dystrophy often is overlooked. PMID- 3498699 TI - Tuberculous panophthalmitis associated with drug abuse. AB - Tuberculous endophthalmitis is a rare condition not described to date in association with intravenous drug abuse. Characteristics such as the lack of proven tuberculous disease in other organs and intense progression towards panophthalmitis make this case all the more interesting. The histopathological diagnosis is based on the identification of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli, and typical granuloma lesions with focal caseosis in stained sections. PMID- 3498701 TI - Topographical analysis of glucose metabolism, as measured with positron emission tomography, in dementia of the Alzheimer type: use of linear histograms. AB - A linear histogram method was employed to analyze brain images of glucose uptake obtained by positron emission tomography in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and in control subjects. A line was drawn by computer which traversed the image of a brain slice taken at 70 mm above and parallel to the inferior orbitomeatal line, and rCMRglc was plotted as a function of distance along this line in 3 brain areas: frontal, sensorimotor and parietal. Peak rCMRglc values were significantly decreased in moderately-to-severely demented patients relative to healthy age-matched controls, but not in mildly demented patients. Furthermore, both the mildly and the more severely demented patients differed from controls in having reduced ratios of parietal association to sensorimotor peak rCMRglc. The variances of right-left metabolic asymmetries did not differ significantly between Alzheimer patients and controls. Severity of dementia, as evaluated by scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination, correlated with ratios of peak rCMRglc in frontal and parietal cortex to that in sensorimotor cortex. These results indicate that measures of focal peak rCMRglc do not discriminate between mildly demented patients and controls, whereas focal ratios of rCMRglc, where the denominator corresponds to rCMRglc from a relatively spared region, provide useful measures of metabolic dysfunction in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 3498704 TI - Twin studies in multiple sclerosis. AB - The classical method of evaluating whether genetic factors are involved in the etiology of a given disease and to what extent is the twin method. However, methodological problems are great, and it is possible only in a few countries to apply this method to multiple sclerosis (MS) research. To draw genetical conclusions it is of fundamental importance that the material should be an unselected, unbiased material derived from a twin population. Another fundamental point is the diagnosis of twin zygosity. In MS research the twin method has been applied by several authors, but a Mendelian mode of inheritance has not been shown to exist. However, an association of MS to the genetic HLA system has been demonstrated, and this suggests that genetical factors are of some importance in the development of MS. Methodological problems are discussed and the most important twin studies in MS, including the Danish twin study. PMID- 3498702 TI - In vitro activity of cefixime and six other agents against nosocomial pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family. AB - Cefixime, a broad-spectrum, orally active cephalosporin, was more active in vitro than ampicillin, cefaclor, cephalothin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against 194 nosocomial pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Activity was especially good against Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Serratia spp, and Providencia stuartii. Although gentamicin had equivalent or better activity against Citrobacter spp, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, and Morganella morganii, all 23 of the gentamicin-resistant strains studied were susceptible to cefixime. Isolates tested were from urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, wounds, vascular infections, and respiratory infections; they were sequentially collected nosocomial pathogens from a single institution. This orally active cephalosporin should be considered for therapy of a variety of nosocomial infections involving gram-negative bacillary pathogens. PMID- 3498703 TI - HLA-DR+/T6- Langerhans cells of the human cornea. AB - We have investigated normal human corneas for the presence of T6-marker on Langerhans cells. With the exception of one pair of newborn corneas and two pairs of very young infant corneas, all HLA-DR-positive cells in central and peripheral corneal epithelium were T6-negative by double-labeled immunofluorescence. In contrast, epidermal sheets from normal human eyelid skin displayed positive staining for T6 on most of the HLA-DR-positive Langerhans cells. Since T6 antigen is considered to be a specific Langerhans cell differentiation marker, we interpret this finding to indicate a nonactivated or undifferentiated state of Langerhans cells in normal human corneas. PMID- 3498705 TI - Multiple sclerosis: HLA studies in Italy. PMID- 3498706 TI - [Pemphigus erythematosus--detection of anti-DNA antibodies]. AB - In an 80-year-old woman with pemphigus erythematosus, we demonstrated ANA as well as anti-DNA antibodies in the serum. This finding supports the argument that this skin disorder represents a combination of a disease of the pemphigus group with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3498707 TI - Self-perception alterations with coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3498709 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: quality of life during early convalescence. PMID- 3498708 TI - Irritation and stripping effects of adhesive tapes on skin layers of coronary artery bypass graft patients. PMID- 3498710 TI - Study of the growth factors for the mammary gland: epidermal growth factor and mesenchyme-derived growth factor. AB - The physiological importance of EGF in the development of the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy and in spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis has been documented by a series of experimental results presented herein. In our study, we have taken a variety of experimental approaches including radioimmunoassay of EGF in the submandibular gland and plasma, mammary gland organ/cell culture, EGF receptor assay, sialoadenectomy and treatment with EGF and EGF antibodies to assess the role of EGF in the mammary gland. In particular, studies employing sialoadenectomy and EGF replacement have provided valuable information concerning the function of EGF in the body. These studies are possible in the mouse system because the submandibular gland serves as a major source of circulating EGF and also because purified mouse EGF is available commercially. Our work on the biological, endocrinological, and physiological aspects of EGF in normal and neoplastic growth of the mammary gland should be useful for the study of the regulation of mammary gland growth at the molecular level as well as for clinical investigations of mammary tumors. Finally, our findings of a mammary growth factor in embryonic mesenchymal cultures suggest the possible involvement of paracrine growth factor(s) in mammary cell growth. Further progress in this area is needed for better understanding of the complex process of mammary gland growth and development. PMID- 3498711 TI - Cell immunity of patients with lung cancer and other lung diseases. II. Analysis of interleukin-2 production. PMID- 3498712 TI - No gravity-independent gradient of blood flow distribution in dog lung. AB - The existence of a major gravity-independent gradient of blood flow in lungs has recently been described based on single photon emission computed tomography after intravenous injection of radioactively labeled macroaggregates. We wanted to test this hypothesis of a major gravity-independent gradient in lung blood flow in experiments with direct measurement of macroaggregate distribution in the dog lung. In six anesthetized (4 prone spontaneously breathing, 2 mechanically ventilated) dogs we injected 111In-labeled albumin macroaggregates intravenously. We killed the dogs, removed, inflated, and froze the lower lobes. We sliced the lobes 1 cm thick and made gamma camera images of the slices. We then cut three or four slices in each lobe into two or three concentric layers and measured the radioactivity per gram of tissue in a well-type gamma counter. In three of the dogs we also labeled the red cells (99mTc) so that blood volume in each sample could be determined. The gamma camera images were acquired on a 64 X 64 matrix with 4 X 4 mm pixels. On the numeric printouts from the individual slices we made two or three concentric layers and calculated activity per pixel in each layer. Neither by the well counting nor by the pixel analysis of the gamma scans did we detect any gravity-independent distribution of blood flow. With the well counting the distribution was the same whether macroaggregate activity was expressed per gram of tissue or per gram of blood-free tissue. We conclude that by direct measurements no major gravity-independent gradient of pulmonary blood flow can be detected in dog lungs. PMID- 3498713 TI - Gravity-independent inequality in pulmonary blood flow in humans. AB - Single-photon emission computerized tomography of the lung with 99mTc-labeled human albumin macroaggregates (99mTc-MAA) was used in six healthy subjects to study the three-dimensional distribution of pulmonary blood flow. 99mTc-MAA was injected while the subjects were resting in the supine position and holding their lung volume at normal end expiration. Tomography was performed on each subject from 120 projections of radioactivity in the lungs acquired with a rotating gamma camera. To minimize lung motion artifacts, the subjects were asked to hold their breath at end expiration during the 10-s duration of data acquisition in each projectional angle. Perfusion images of lung slices (11 mm thick) were reconstructed, and the radioactivity within each slice was expressed per unit lung volume of 3.7 X 3.7 X 11 mm. Perfusion images of a midcoronal slice from each subject manifested a concentric pattern of radioactivity that decreased significantly from the center to the periphery, suggesting that blood flow rate per unit lung volume was up to 10 times larger near the central region. This gradient in activity between the center and the periphery of the coronary slices was gravity independent as the subjects were supine. Images of sagittal slices from the middle of the right lung also manifested a similar pattern of concentric gradient in activity, with the vertical distribution (gravity related) almost comparable with the horizontal distribution (gravity independent). These results indicate that pulmonary blood flow in resting supine humans is spatially stratified with a marked central-to-peripheral gradient in all directions. It appears that zone 4 (reduced blood flow) is not a phenomenon limited to the dependent region of the lung as commonly thought but rather is a manifestation of this spatial distribution whereby blood flow is lowest in all peripheral regions of the lung. PMID- 3498715 TI - Internalization and cycling of the T cell antigen receptor. Role of protein kinase C. AB - The dynamics of the T cell antigen receptor on a murine antigen specific T cell hybridoma have been analyzed using a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody. When this antibody, A2B4-2, is bound to surface receptors, no internalization is seen at 4 degrees C. Upon warming to 37 degrees C, between 20 and 30% of the antibody molecules are internalized over 20-30 min as measured by sensitivity to external acid. This level of internalization is identical if monovalent Fab fragments are used. In contrast, cross-linking of the anti-receptor antibody with a second antibody leads to rapid internalization of 100% of prebound surface A2B4-2. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) leads to the rapid internalization of up to 65% of the surface A2B4-2 or A2B4-2 Fab fragments. This effect requires protein kinase C and can be completely inhibited by depleting this kinase from the cells by long term treatment with high doses of PMA. Pretreatment of the T cells with PMA leads to a 40-50% drop in surface T cell antigen receptor expression. Despite the loss of surface receptors, the uptake of A2B4-2 in PMA-treated cells at 37 degrees C is identical to that seen in control cells. The total uptake of A2B4-2 at 37 degrees C is 25-30% greater than the number of surface receptors in control cells and about 100-150% greater than the number of surface receptors in PMA treated cells. At steady state the percentage of total A2B4-2 on the cell surface is 75% for control cells and 38% for PMA-treated cells. The good agreement of these numbers with the percent internalization of a cohort of surface receptors suggests that all receptors are constantly cycling. The effect of PMA is to alter the kinetic parameters of this cycling, thus changing the steady state distribution of receptors between the plasma membrane and internal, presumably endosomal compartments. Measurement of initial rates of internalization suggests that the PMA effect can be largely explained by an increase in the internalization rate constant. PMID- 3498714 TI - Insulin-like growth factor I and epidermal growth factor regulate the expression of transferrin receptors at the cell surface by distinct mechanisms. AB - The transferrin receptor cycles rapidly between cell surface and endosomal membrane compartments. Treatment of cultured cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) at 37 degrees C causes a rapid redistribution of transferrin receptors from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface. The effects of EGF and IGF-I on the kinetics of the cycling of the transferrin receptor in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells were compared. The primary site of EGF action was found to be an increase in the rate of transferrin receptor exocytosis. The exocytotic rate constant was measured to be 0.11 min-1 in control cells and 0.33 min-1 in EGF-treated cells. In contrast, IGF-I was found to increase the cell surface expression of transferrin receptors by causing a small increase in the rate of exocytosis (from 0.11 to 0.17 min-1) and a decrease in the rate of endocytosis (from 0.33 to 0.24 min-1). It is concluded that the mechanisms for EGF and IGF-I action to increase the cell surface expression of the transferrin receptor are distinct. A kinetic model of the cycling of the transferrin receptor based on experimentally determined rate constants is presented. The model predicts that a consequence of IGF-I action on transferrin receptor cycling is to decrease the apparent Km for the uptake of diferric transferrin by cells. This prediction is confirmed by direct measurement of the accumulation of 59Fe-labeled diferric transferrin by A431 cells. These data demonstrate that the accumulation of iron by cultured cells is a complex function of the rate of cycling of the transferrin receptor and that this process is under acute regulation by growth factors. PMID- 3498717 TI - Crystallization of barley malt alpha-amylases and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of the high pI isozyme, alpha-amylase 2. AB - alpha-Amylase isozymes 1 and 2 isolated from germinated barley seeds have been crystallized by the hanging- or sitting-drop vapor diffusion technique. Crystals of alpha-amylase 2 suitable for x-ray diffraction analysis were grown at pH 6.7 and 22 degrees C from a solution of 1 mM calcium chloride, 10 mM MES, and 16% saturated ammonium sulfate. The space group is trigonal P3121 (or P3221) with unit cell dimensions a = b = 135.20 A, c = 79.63 A, and probably two molecules per asymmetric unit. PMID- 3498716 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases epidermal growth factor receptors and transforming growth factor beta-like activity in a bone-derived cell line. AB - To investigate possible mechanisms through which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH)2D3) affects cell proliferation and differentiation, we have studied the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the binding and mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in RCJ 1.20 cells, an established, non-tumorigenic cell line derived from 21-day-old fetal rat calvaria. 1,25-(OH)2D3 caused a dose- and time dependent 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of receptors for EGF. The 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites of vitamin D3 were ineffective in eliciting changes in EGF binding. Saturation and Scatchard analyses indicated that an increase in available unoccupied high affinity EGF binding sites was responsible for the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced EGF binding. In addition, 1,25-(OH)2D3 enhanced EGF-dependent growth of RCJ 1.20 cells in soft agar. The potentiation of EGF effects on RCJ 1.20 cell growth by 1,25-(OH)2D3 may be related to the 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulation of EGF binding. However, the induction of anchorage-independent growth by 1,25-(OH)2D3 appears to be due to the stimulation of transforming growth factor beta-like activity. These results provide a possible explanation for the mechanism whereby the effects of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on cell proliferation and bone metabolism may be mediated. PMID- 3498718 TI - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta. AB - Recombinant human interleukin-1 beta has been crystallized into a tetragonal cell. The unit cell constants are a = b = 54.9 A, c = 76.8 A, and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. The crystals diffract to better than 1.9 A and are suitable for high resolution data collection. The crystallization conditions and general crystal data are presented. PMID- 3498720 TI - GTP- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-activated intracellular calcium movements in neuronal and smooth muscle cell lines. AB - Recent evidence has revealed that a highly sensitive and specific guanine nucleotide regulatory process controls intracellular Ca2+ release within N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells (Gill, D. L., Ueda, T., Chueh, S. H., and Noel, M. W. (1986) Nature 320, 461-464). The present report documents GTP-induced Ca2+ release within quite distinct cell types, including the DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle cell line. GTP-induced Ca2+ release has similar GTP sensitivity and specificity among cells and rapidly mobilizes up to 70% of Ca2+ specifically accumulated within a nonmitochondrial Ca2+-pumping organelle within permeabilized DDT2MF-2 cells. Maximal GTP-induced release of Ca2+ is observed to be greater than inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release (the latter being approximately 30% of total releasable Ca2+). After maximal IP3-induced release, further IP3 addition is ineffective, whereas subsequent addition of GTP further releases Ca2+ to equal exactly the extent of Ca2+ release observed by addition of GTP in the absence of IP3. This suggests that IP3 releases Ca2+ from the same pool as GTP, whereas GTP also releases from an additional pool. The effects of GTP appear to be reversible since simple washing of GTP-treated cells restores their previous Ca2+ uptake properties. Electron microscopic analysis of GTP-treated membrane vesicles reveals their morphology to be unchanged, whereas treatment of vesicles with 3% polyethylene glycol, known to enhance GTP-mediated Ca2+ release, clearly induces close coalescence of membranes. In the presence of 4 mM oxalate, GTP induces a rapid and profound uptake, as opposed to release, of Ca2+. The findings suggest that GTP-activated Ca2+ movement is a widespread phenomenon among cells, which can function on the same Ca2+ pool mobilized by IP3, and although activating Ca2+ movement by a mechanism distinct from IP3, does so via a process that does not appear to involve fusion between membranes. PMID- 3498719 TI - Isolation and characterization of two domains of human von Willebrand factor that interact with fibrillar collagen types I and III. AB - We have identified four discrete proteolytic fragments of von Willebrand factor (vWF) that define two collagen-binding domains. Two of the fragments tested, T 96 kDa and T 55 kDa, were generated by digestion with trypsin, and two, Fragments I and III, with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The larger Fragment III, a disulfide-linked homodimer, extends between residues 1 and 1365 of the 2050 residue vWF subunit and comprises the sequence of all the others. T 96 kDa, also a disulfide-linked homodimer, extends between residues 449 and 728. T 55 kDa and Fragment I, both single-chain polypeptides, have a partial sequence overlap corresponding to residues 911-1114, and together extend from residue 730 to 1365. The ability of the fragments to interfere with the vWF-collagen interaction was evaluated by measuring inhibition of 125I-labeled vWF binding to fibrillar bovine collagen types I and III. All the four fragments tested inhibited binding. Native conformation was essential for expression of this function; denaturation with guanidine hydrochloride and reduction of disulfide bonds resulted in marked reduction or complete loss, respectively, of the inhibitory activity at all the concentrations tested. Two monoclonal antibodies were prepared, one directed against T 96 kDa and the other against Fragment I. Both antibodies partially inhibited vWF binding to collagen, and their inhibitory effect was enhanced when they were used together. 125I-Labeled Fragment I bound to collagen in a saturable manner, and the binding was completely blocked by both T 96 kDa and T 55 kDa. Thus, we have identified at least two distinct functional domains of vWF that concurrently mediate the vWF-collagen interaction. The two domains appear to share a common recognition site on collagen. PMID- 3498721 TI - Inositol 1,2-cyclic 4,5-trisphosphate concentration relative to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate in pancreatic minilobules on stimulation with carbamylcholine in the absence of lithium. Possible role as a second messenger in long- but not short-term responses. AB - A method for the extraction of cyclic inositol phosphates in the absence of acid after short incubation times is described. A modified high pressure liquid chromatography method is also described which separates inositol 1,2-cyclic 4,5 trisphosphate (IcP3), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (I(1,4,5)P3), and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (I(1,3,4)P3). Mouse pancreatic minilobules were preincubated with [3H]inositol for 1 h in the absence of lithium, washed, and incubated without and with carbamylcholine without lithium for various times. On adding carbamylcholine, I(1,4,5)P3 peaked at 10 s, followed by a fall to a steady-state level which was two-thirds the peak value. This level was maintained for 20 min. IcP3, on the other hand, rose very slowly; at 10 s, it was only 5% of I(1,4,5)P3. It continued to rise until it equaled the steady-state level of I(1,4,5)P3 at 20 min. I(1,3,4)P3 rose gradually but at a faster rate than IcP3, peaking at 40 s at the same level as that achieved by I(1,4,5)P3 at that time and then falling in parallel with I(1,4,5)P3. Assuming equal potencies of IcP3 and I(1,4,5)P3 in mobilizing intracellular stores of Ca2+ in pancreatic minilobules, as seen in Limulus photoreceptor cells, platelets, and 3T3 cells, IcP3 would appear to play no messenger role at very early times. Thus, I(1,4,5)P3 should be responsible for almost all of Ca2+ release at very early times (10 s), while at later times (20 min) IcP3 and I(1,4,5)P3 should contribute equally to Ca2+ release. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 3498722 TI - Electrical stimulation of repair of bone. PMID- 3498723 TI - A morphological assessment of vein allografts preserved in glycerol and used for arterial replacement. AB - There is an increasing need for alternatives to reversed autogenous saphenous vein in the treatment of first-time and recurrent arterial occlusions. Vein grafts taken from rats and goats and from humans were preserved in glycerol, reconstituted in saline and compared morphologically with fresh veins of similar origin. In rats and goats, autograft, allograft and glycerol-preserved allograft veins were used to replace lengths of common iliac and carotid arteries. After various periods of time these were retrieved and examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Appearances were found to correlate well with function. All allograft vessels were found to have failed. Over 70% of autografts were functional in both species and all of these had re-endothelialised. In rats, all of the glycerol-preserved grafts had failed but in goats 64% were patent at 6 months but did not show signs of a neointima. In larger animals, glycerol preserved vein allografts appear to offer an acceptable form of arterial replacement where fresh vein autograft is unavailable. PMID- 3498724 TI - Role of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass surgery prior to abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. AB - It is well recognized that patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms have a high incidence of coronary artery disease, and that the major cause of death in patients undergoing aneurysmectomy has been acute myocardial infarction. In order to assess the incidence of significant coronary artery disease, cardiac catheterization was performed on 42 consecutive patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Thirty-six patients (85.7%) had significant anatomic coronary artery disease. Interestingly, all 8 patients with ejection fractions of less than 50% had triple vessel disease or left main disease, and 12 of 34 patients with ejection fractions greater than or equal to 50% had triple vessel disease or left main disease. Of the 30 patients who were NYHA Class I or Class II, 14 (46.7%) had triple vessel disease or left main disease. All 20 patients with triple vessel disease or left main disease underwent myocardial revascularization 7 to 10 days prior to abdominal aneurysmectomy. No patients had a perioperative myocardial infarction either following coronary artery bypass surgery or abdominal aortic aneurysm resection, and there were no operative mortalities. Although this was not a randomized study, it would seem from these results that in selected patients, myocardial revascularization prior to abdominal aneurysmectomy can decrease the incidence of acute myocardial infarction and also decrease operative mortality. It is presently recommended that all symptomatic patients, patients with ejection fractions of less than 50%, and asymptomatic patients with ejection fractions of greater than or equal to 50% with positive exercise radionuclide angiography undergo cardiac catheterization prior to aneurysmectomy, and those patients with left main disease or severe coronary artery disease undergo myocardial revascularization prior to aneurysm resection. PMID- 3498725 TI - A method for continuous on-line monitoring of systemic vascular resistance (COMS) after open heart procedures. AB - A new method for continuous on-line measurement (COMS) of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) utilizing simple computer analysis of the peripheral arterial waveform is presented. The fundamental equation of this method is: (Formula: see text) where SVR is systemic vascular resistance, dP/dt is the peak dP/dt of the peripheral arterial waveform, and P' is the pressure at the time of peak dP/dt. F and a are calibration constants determined by taking simultaneous measurements by an independent method (thermodilution) before (low SVR) and immediately after (high SVR) aortocoronary bypass operations. In 22 patients 255 COMS of SVR readings were recorded simultaneously with thermodilution cardiac output measurements. Patients were exposed to situations such as temperature changes, volume load, blood loss, and the effect of drugs such as various catecholamines, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside. Linear regression analysis was performed to compare the SVR calculated from thermodilution with the COMS-SVR measurements. SVR values ranged from 450 to 4400 dynes/sec/-5 and correlation between COMS and thermodilution was r = 0.98. Correlation coefficients of individual patients ranged from r = 0.9 to r = 0.986. We found COMS SVR measurements accurate, reliable, and extremely helpful in the management of hemodynamically unstable patients. PMID- 3498726 TI - Safety and efficacy of internal mammary artery grafts for left main coronary artery disease. A preliminary report. AB - Questions regarding the relative safety and efficacy of internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts versus saphenous vein grafts (SVG) in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) have not been specifically addressed in the literature. To elucidate this point, we analyzed 196 patients with LMCAD who underwent myocardial revascularization between January 1975 and December 1981, 98 by IMA and SVG and 98 by SVG, IMA was used most often to bypass the left anterior descending (LAD). Chi Square and "t" tests were performed on all demographic, cardiac and operative data comparing IMA to SVG. All results were non significant, indicating that the two groups were comparable. Anginal pattern was progressive or unstable in 93%. IMA was used in 4 patients who were on intra aortic balloon pump. The mean number bypass grafts per patient was 3.1. Postoperative complications were comparable for both groups, including early and late myocardial infarction. Overall operative mortality was 2.6%. Results of a survival analysis indicated no significant difference in the mortality rates of patients operated on by SVG versus IMA-SVG. Cumulative mortality rates at a mean followup of 20.5 months were 12.2% for SVG and 7.1% for IMA patients. Significant mortality risk factors were ejection fraction less than 55% (p less than 0.05); and perioperative myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001). Twenty-five patients with recurrent chest pain underwent repeat cardiac catheterization. This revealed 10 of 10 patent IMA grafts, 6 of 8 single patent SVG to LAD and 6 of 9 patent sequential vein grafts to the diagonal and LAD arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498727 TI - X-ray diffraction evidence for the existence of 102.0- and 230.0-nm transverse periodicities in striated muscle. AB - Synchrotron radiation techniques have enabled us to record meridional x-ray diffraction patterns from frog sartorius muscle at resolutions ranging from approximately 2,800 to 38 nm (i.e., overlapping with the optical microscope and the region normally accessible with low angle diffraction cameras). These diffraction patterns represent the transform of the low resolution structure of muscle projected on the sarcomere axis and sampled by its repeat. Altering the sarcomere length results in the sampling of different parts of this transform, which induces changes in the positions and the integrated intensities of the diffraction maxima. This effect has been used to determine the transform of the mass projection on the muscle axis in a quasicontinuous fashion. The results reveal the existence of maxima arising from long-range periodicities in the structure. Determination of the zeroes in the transforms has been used to obtain phase information from which electron density maps have been calculated. The x ray diffraction diagrams and the resulting electron density maps show the existence of a series of mass bands, disposed transversely to the sarcomere axis and distributed at regular intervals. A set of these transverse structures is associated with thin filaments, and their 102.0-nm repeat suggests a close structural relationship with their known molecular components. A second set, spaced by approximately 230.0 nm, is also present; from diffraction theory one has to conclude that this repeat simultaneously exists in thick and thin filament regions. PMID- 3498730 TI - Local effects of EGF, alpha-TGF, and EGF-like growth factors on lobuloalveolar development of the mouse mammary gland in vivo. AB - Five-week-old female mice supplemented with estradiol and progesterone are able to respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF-like growth factors (alpha transforming growth factor [alpha-TGF] and crude mammary-derived growth factor) with local lobuloalveolar development when these growth factors are directly introduced into the mammary glands via slow-release cholesterol-based pellets. Contralateral glands receiving pellets containing only cholesterol showed no growth response. The local growth effect is maximal at 4-5 days of exposure to hormones and growth factors. The glands appear to be more sensitive to alpha-TGF than EGF, since local development is seen with one-fifth the level of the former vs. the latter growth factor and can be seen even in the absence of the systemic estrogen/progesterone supplement. PMID- 3498728 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide and muscle activity regulate acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit mRNA levels by distinct intracellular pathways. AB - In cultured chicken myotubes, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a peptide present in spinal cord motoneurons, increased by 1.5-fold the number of surface acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and by threefold AChR alpha-subunit mRNA level without affecting the level of muscular alpha-actin mRNA. Cholera toxin (CT), an activator of adenylate cyclase, produced a similar effect, which did not add up with that of CGRP. In contrast, tetrodotoxin, a blocker of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, elevated the level of AChR alpha-subunit mRNA on top of the increase caused by either CGRP or CT. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C, markedly decreased the cell surface and total content of [125I]alpha BGT-binding sites and reduced the rate of appearance of AChR at the surface of the myotubes without reducing the level of AChR alpha subunit mRNA. Moreover, TPA inhibited the increase of AChR alpha-subunit mRNA caused by tetrodotoxin without affecting that produced by CGRP or CT. Under the same conditions, TPA decreased the level of muscular alpha-actin mRNA and increased that of nonmuscular beta- and gamma-actins mRNA. These data suggest that distinct second messengers are involved in the regulation of AChR biosynthesis by CGRP and muscle activity and that these two pathways may contribute to the development of different patterns of AChR gene expression in junctional and extrajunctional areas of the muscle fiber. PMID- 3498729 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor on transferrin receptor phosphorylation and surface expression in malignant epithelial cells. AB - The transferrin (Tf) receptor is a major transmembrane protein which provides iron for normal and malignant cell growth. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to rapidly and transiently alter the number of surface Tf receptors in normal and transformed epithelial cells. To investigate mechanisms of EGF-induced changes in surface Tf display, EGF effects on surface Tf receptors were compared in two cell lines which differ in their number of EGF receptors and growth responses to EGF. In cloned A431 cells with high receptor numbers which are growth-inhibited by EGF, EGF caused a 50% decrease in Tf receptor expression after 30 min. In contrast, EGF induced a rapid, transitory increase (within 5 min) in the number of surface Tf receptors on KB carcinoma cells which returned to basal levels by 15 min. The observed changes in Tf receptor display were due to altered receptor distribution and not changes in ligand affinity or total cellular transferrin receptor pools. Anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody blocked effects of EGF on transferrin receptor expression. Since the antibody is internalized and causes EGF receptor down-regulation, effects on transferrin receptor expression were independent of these events. EGF-induced alterations in Tf receptor display occurred even when cells were pretreated with colchicine, suggesting that changes in surface Tf binding were not mediated by cytoskeletal components. Na orthovanadate, which mimics some early cellular effects of EGF, duplicated EGF's effects on A431 Tf receptors, but had no effect on KB cells, suggesting these responses occur by differing mechanisms. To determine whether EGF caused changes in Tf receptor phosphorylation, 32P-labelled Tf receptors were immunoprecipitated after EGF treatment. After exposure to EGF, A431 cells showed no change in Tf phosphorylation, but KB cells showed a transient, 6-fold increase in transferrin receptor phosphorylation on serine residues. In both A431 and KB cells, phorbol ester (PMA) also increased phosphorylation on transferrin receptors, but had little effect on surface Tf receptor expression. In malignant cell lines, EGE induces rapid, variable changes in transferrin receptor expression and phosphorylation which differ from the effects of PMA. These early responses to EGF appear to differ with the cell type and correlate poorly with alterations in Tf receptor phosphorylation. These results suggest Tf receptor phosphorylation does not regulate Tf receptor display in all cells. PMID- 3498731 TI - Differential effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cell locomotion and cell proliferation in a cloned human embryonal carcinoma-derived cell line in vitro. AB - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on clones from a human embryonal carcinoma-derived cell line (Tera-2) have been studied. Cells were plated at clonal densities, whereafter the effects of serum and EGF on cell locomotion and cell proliferation were examined. The addition of 50 ngEGF ml-1 resulted in increased migration, as judged by increased colony diameter in the presence of EGF. However, the effect of EGF on cell locomotion was rarely accompanied by any effect on cell proliferation. It was concluded that EGF exerts a preferential effect on cell migration in human embryonal carcinoma cells in vitro. PMID- 3498732 TI - Positron emission tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow and permeability surface area product of water using [15O]water and [11C]butanol. AB - We have previously adapted Kety's tissue autoradiographic method for measuring regional CBF in laboratory animals to the measurement of CBF in humans with positron emission tomography (PET) and H2(15)O. Because this model assumes diffusion equilibrium between tissue and venous blood, the use of a diffusion limited tracer, such as H2(15)O, may lead to an underestimation of CBF. We therefore validated the use of [11C]butanol as an alternative freely diffusible tracer for PET. We then used it in humans to determine the underestimation of CBF that occurs with H2(15)O, and thereby were able to calculate the extraction Ew and permeability-surface area product PSw of H2(15)O. Measurements of the permeability of rhesus monkey brain to [11C]butanol, obtained by means of an intracarotid injection, external detection technique, demonstrated that this tracer is freely diffusible up to a CBF of at least 170 ml/min-100 g. CBF measured in baboons with the PET autoradiographic method and [11C]butanol was then compared with CBF measured in the same animals with a standard residue detection method. An excellent correspondence was obtained between both of these measurements. Finally, paired PET measurements of CBF were made with both H2(15)O and [11C]butanol in 17 normal human subjects. Average global CBF was significantly greater when measured with [11C]butanol (53.1 ml/min-100 g) than with H2(15)O (44.4 ml/min-100 g). Average global Ew was 0.84 and global PSw was 104 ml/min-100 g. Regional measurements showed a linear relationship between local PSw and CBF, while Ew was relatively uniform throughout the brain. Simulations were used to determine the potential error associated with the use of an incorrect value for the brain-blood partition coefficient for [11C]butanol and to calculate the effect of tissue heterogeneity and errors in flow measurement on the calculation of PSw. PMID- 3498733 TI - Scaled subprofile model: a statistical approach to the analysis of functional patterns in positron emission tomographic data. AB - The data obtained from measurements of regional rCMRglu using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)/positron emission tomographic (PET) data contain more structure than can be identified with group mean rCMRglu profiles or regional correlation coefficients. This additional structure is revealed by a novel mathematical-statistical model of regional metabolic interactions that explicitly represents rCMRglu profiles as a combination of region-independent global effects, a group mean pattern and a mosaic of interacting networks. In its application to FDG/PET data, this model removes global subject effects [global scaling factors (GSFs)] and a group mean pattern (profile) so as to maximize statistical power for the detection and simultaneous discovery of all networks of two or more regions that form a significant and consistent linearly covarying pattern. The model approach presented here was applied to the combined rCMRglu data from 12 demented AIDS patients and 18 normal controls: Two significant metabolic covariance pattern descriptors that together accounted for 71 to 96% of the rCMRglu/GSF variation across subjects for 22/28 regions in the AIDS group were extracted. Each descriptor was found to be highly correlated with performance on several neuropsychological tests, providing independent validation of the analysis technique as a means of discovering and describing behaviorally related components of group rCMRglu profiles. PMID- 3498734 TI - Single-step high-yield purification of a synthetic peptide fragment of human interleukin 1 by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - It was recently shown that fragment 163-171 of human interleukin 1 beta (hIL1 beta) possesses interesting biological properties, as it presents immunostimulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, whilst being apparently devoid of the strong inflammatory properties that prevent the possible therapeutic use of the entire interleukin 1 molecule. Therefore, this peptide may represent the fragment of the protein responsible for its immunostimulatory activity, distinct from the part involved in the inflammatory activity of the entire molecule. Large amounts of highly purified peptide are needed for an adequate pharmacological characterization, in view of its possible therapeutic applications. A suitable method for the preparation of this peptide, was therefore studied paying particular attention to the purification step, which is essentially based on an efficient use of preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 3498735 TI - Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography assay for the nigrostriatal toxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and its monoamine oxidase B generated metabolites in brain tissues. AB - This paper describes a sensitive (1 pmol/mg tissue) and selective bioanalytical method for the quantitative estimation of the nigrostriatal toxicant 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its monoamine oxidase B generated metabolites, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species MPDP+ and the 1 methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species MPP+. The method is based on initial separation of the analytes after treatment of brain tissue homogenates with 5% trichloroacetic acid. The soluble fraction is analyzed directly by cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography employing a diode array UV detector. Results obtained with this assay have provided the first evidence for the presence of MPDP+ in the mouse brain following intravenous administration of MPTP. PMID- 3498736 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination and preliminary pharmacokinetics of propofol and its metabolites in human plasma and urine. PMID- 3498737 TI - Methodologic issues in the analysis of lung function data. AB - The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is routinely used in epidemiologic studies of lung function to assess the presence and severity of obstructive airways disease. Normative prediction equations developed using data from healthy, asymptomatic individuals may then be used both in a clinical setting and to adjust comparisons among risk subgroups for known demographic differences. Unfortunately no concensus has yet developed as to how best to model lung function data. This paper addresses this issue in a systematic manner using data derived from two cohorts followed over a period of 9-11 years. We compare a variety of cross-sectional and longitudinal models for FEV1, show how they may be expressed as members of a larger class of general linear models, and discuss goodness-of-fit procedures for comparing them. We found little objective evidence for discriminating among these models; only those fit to FEV1/ht3 performed poorly. We argue on subjective grounds for the use of models based on FEV1 as a function of age, height and their interactions. PMID- 3498738 TI - Ampicillin disk diffusion susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A total of 114 strains of Haemophilus influenza were characterized with respect to beta-lactamase production and ampicillin MIC. Of this total, 41 strains produced a TEM-type beta-lactamase, and ampicillin MICs for these strains were greater than or equal to 2.0 microgram/ml. It was found that 54 strains lacked TEM-type beta-lactamase activity, and ampicillin MICs for them were less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml. The remaining 19 strains were beta-lactamase negative, but ampicillin MICs were greater than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Disk diffusion susceptibility tests were performed with two media, i.e., Mueller Hinton agar containing 1.0% hemoglobin and 1.0% IsoVitaleX supplement (CHOC-MHA) and enriched chocolate agar (CHOC), by using disks containing 10 and 2 micrograms of ampicillin. If strains of H. influenzae for which ampicillin MICs were greater than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml were considered resistant, while strains for which MICs were less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml were considered susceptible, the following zone diameter interpretive criteria were identified as indicating ampicillin susceptibility: CHOC-MHA (10-micrograms disks), greater than or equal to 20 mm; CHOC-MHA (2-micrograms disks), greater than or equal to 17 mm; CHOC (10-micrograms disks), greater than or equal to 25 mm; and CHOC (2 micrograms disks), greater than or equal to 20 mm. In all cases, zones of inhibition less than those listed above would be interpreted as indicating resistance. Each of these four combinations was found to be essentially equivalent in identifying susceptible and resistant strains of H. influenzae, irrespective of beta-lactamase production. PMID- 3498739 TI - Idiopathic production of interleukin-1 in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - We determined the capacity of peripheral blood monocytes from 19 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or related conditions (1 with lymphadenopathy, 8 with AIDS-related complex, and 10 with AIDS) to produce intracellular and extracellular interleukin-1 (IL-1) spontaneously and upon stimulation with bacterial endotoxin. All patients were anti-human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III antibody positive. Results were compared with those obtained with 10 normal controls of similar age. A subset of patients who spontaneously produced high amounts of intracellular and extracellular IL-1 was identified. Total production of IL-1 in this subset was an average of 2.9 times that of controls. It is suggested that spontaneous production of IL-1 in this group represents an in vivo phenomenon since it was associated with more than 3 g of globulins per deciliter of serum, more than 2,300 mg of immunoglobulins per deciliter of serum, higher IgA values, higher titers of anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies, and lower neutrophil counts in peripheral blood. The role of Epstein Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus itself, or other infectious agents in spontaneous IL-1 production by these patients remains to be determined. Stimulation with endotoxin induced intracellular and extracellular IL-1 production to similar levels in patients and controls. These results show that AIDS patients are able to produce and release IL-1. High idiopathic production of IL-1 identified in some patients can help to explain the hypergammaglobulinemia seen in AIDS patients and might also be related to progression and severity of the disease. PMID- 3498740 TI - In vitro antimicrobial spectrum, occurrence of synergy, and recommendations for dilution susceptibility testing concentrations of the cefoperazone-sulbactam combination. AB - Broth microdilution tests and an antimicrobial interaction (synergy) studies using various combinations of cefoperazone and sulbactam were performed in an effort to determine the most appropriate in vitro dilution test system. The test results with cefoperazone and sulbactam were categorized as synergistic (complete or partial) for nearly 80% of the strains isolated from clinical trial patients. The results indicate that the cefoperazone-sulbactam fixed ratio (2:1) maximized the cefoperazone spectrum of activity and best approximated the parenteral formulation of the drug. The cefoperazone-sulbactam combination had a greater antimicrobial activity than did the other comparison beta-lactams, except for imipenem, tested against strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae. To be consistent with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards interpretive breakpoints for cefoperazone alone, the following MIC breakpoints should be applied to the combination (2:1 ratio): less than or equal to 16/8 micrograms/ml, susceptible; 32/16 micrograms/ml, moderately susceptible; and greater than or equal to 64/32 micrograms/ml, resistant. PMID- 3498742 TI - Unresponsiveness to skin testing with bacterial antigens in patients with haemophilia A not apparently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AB - Unresponsiveness to skin testing with PPD and tetanus toxoid was commonly seen in patients with haemophilia A but not infected with human immunodeficiency virus but was uncommon in controls. Vaccination history indicated that the unresponsive patients had not been immunised in childhood. Other tests of immune competence (skin tests with other antigens, lymphocyte stimulation with mitogens and antigens, and viral serology) showed that the haemophilia A patients had an adequate response to pathogens to which they had been exposed. Five of 12 such patients had a mild T4 lymphopenia, and this may have been related to parenteral administration of large quantities of protein. PMID- 3498743 TI - Rapid decrease in amino acid metabolism in prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas after bromocriptine treatment: a PET study. AB - Four patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas were examined with positron emission tomography using L-[11C]methionine to monitor the effect of dopamine agonist treatment on the amino acid metabolism in the tumors. Within the first few hours after intramuscular injection of bromocriptine retard (50 mg) the amino acid metabolism decreased by 40%. Two of the patients were reexamined 7 and 9 days later and showed a 70% reduction in the metabolism of the adenomas. This metabolic effect was later accompanied by significant tumor shrinkage in all adenomas. It is suggested that bromocriptine has a general and rapid effect on the protein synthesis of the prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma cells. PMID- 3498741 TI - Inhibition of the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by peripheral blood cells. AB - Suspensions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocytes, T or B lymphocytes, platelets or granulocytes, and cell-depleted supernatant fluids of these suspensions inhibited activation of Hageman factor (HF, Factor XII) by ellagic acid, a property not shared by erythrocytes. PBMC also inhibited HF activation by glass or sulfatides. Contaminating platelets may have contributed to inhibition by PBMC. Elaboration of agents inhibiting HF activation required metabolically active cells. The inhibitor(s) in PBMC supernates were not identified with known agents, but had properties of a nonenzymatic protein. PBMC supernates did not contain fibrinogen, nor alter the thrombin, prothrombin, or partial thromboplastin times of normal plasma, amidolysis by activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent (Factor XIa) or activated Stuart factor (Factor Xa) or esterolysis by C1 (C1 esterase); they inhibited plasmin minimally. These experiments suggest that peripheral blood cells may impede intravascular coagulation. Whether this property helps maintain the fluidity of blood is unclear. PMID- 3498744 TI - High prevalence of infantile autism in Kurume City, Japan. AB - We surveyed the prevalence of infantile autism in Kurume City. Children born between 1971 and 1979 ranged in age from 4 to 12 years at the time of the survey. We found 51 cases of infantile autism. In each year group, we determined the ratio of the number of cases of infantile autism to the total number of children. The prevalence ranged from 10.4/10,000 to 17.5/10,000, with a mean prevalence of 15.5/10,000. The sex distribution was 42 males (prevalence of 24.8/10,000) and nine females (prevalence of 5.7/10,000). The results showed a significant sex difference, with a male:female ratio of 4:1 (p less than 0.0005). High prevalence rates of infantile autism in Kurume City were confirmed. PMID- 3498745 TI - Woodworking injuries: an epidemiologic survey of injuries sustained using woodworking machinery and hand tools. AB - Woodworking equipment produces approximately 720,000 injuries per year often causing severe psychologic and functional impairment. Responses from 1000 injured woodworkers to a demographic survey revealed that 60.5% of injuries occurred to amateur woodworkers; 42% of injuries were caused by the table saw and 37% of respondents reported amputation of one or more digits. The most significant causal factor reported was failure to use properly installed guards, but personal factors, such as fatigue and postprandial somnolence were also implicated. Twenty seven percent of respondents required hospitalization for an average of 3.7 days, and 22.8% were treated by hand surgeons. Hand surgeons need to become more aware of the dangers of specific types of woodworking equipment and the injuries produced by these tools to better treat and perhaps, prevent woodworking injuries. PMID- 3498746 TI - Evaluation of impairment in the upper extremity. AB - A system for evaluation of physical impairment in the hand and upper extremity was developed and has been tested and used by many hand surgeons around the world. It was approved for international application by the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand. A method for evaluating amputation and sensory and motion impairments has been devised for the hand and upper extremity. Amputation impairment percentage values were determined for each digit or position thereof for the hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder. By a principle of progressive multiplication of percentage values, impairment of a part can be related to the hand, upper extremity, and eventually the whole person. Sensory impairment is given 50% that of an amputation. Impairment of finger motion can result from lack of flexion (F), extension (E), or ankylosis (A). The method for evaluating flexion impairment is based on a combined angular measurement principle that was correlated with the linear measurement of Boyes. Values for flexion and ankylosis impairment were obtained from the American Medical Association guide. Values for extension impairment were derived from the formula A = E + F. Values for hyperextension were given consideration in the impairment tables. The sum of impairments as related to the whole hand equals the total impairment. The method to combine various impairments is based on the principle that each impairment acts not on the whole part (e.g., the finger) but on the remaining portion (e.g., proximal interphalangeal joint and proximally) after the preceding impairment has acted (e.g., on the distal interphalangeal joint). When there is more than one impairment to a given part, these must be combined before conversion to a larger part. The combined values determination is based on the formula "A% + B% (100% - A%) = the combined values of A% + B%." Based on this principle, the physical loss of each anatomic segment is related to the part, to the entire hand, and then to the body. The common impairment values have been placed in a table form for easier use. PMID- 3498747 TI - Duodenal mucosal injury with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - The effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on duodenal mucosa was assessed both retrospectively and prospectively. In 444 patients with duodenal ulcer, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was five times higher in 56 patients who were treated with NSAIDs than in those who did not receive NSAIDs. Indomethacin and naproxen had the most potent damaging effects. In a control group of patients with gastric ulcer, nine out of 134 had taken NSAIDs. The incidence of bleeding in these patients was three times higher than in those who were not on NSAIDs. The effect of indomethacin, 150 mg/day, on the upper gastrointestinal tract was examined in a prospective study of 75 patients with acute musculoskeletal disorders. Endoscopy after 1 week of therapy showed that 45% had mucosal damage in the duodenum, and this was as frequent and as severe as the gastric mucosal damage. In most instances, the duodenal damage was erosive duodenitis. PMID- 3498748 TI - Splenic arteriogastric fistula from plication of a gastric ulcer. Therapeutic embolization. AB - Massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in a 66-year-old man 18 days after suture plication of a giant gastric ulcer. Arteriography revealed a splenic arteriogastric fistula. Therapeutic embolization with tissue adhesive (bucrylate) successfully controlled hemorrhage after failure of attempted particulate embolization. PMID- 3498749 TI - An autoantibody profile in primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - A high frequency of a variety of autoantibodies has been found in sera from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The prevalence of all types of autoantibodies in PSC was significantly higher than that in healthy controls and patients with isolated inflammatory bowel disease. The titres of the antibodies were rather elevated, particularly in females, and most of them were IgM. The most frequent type of antinuclear antibody was the 'homogenous' type, which is a marker of many autoimmune diseases. The overall prevalence of the antibody was 35%, whereas in female patients it reached 67%. No correlation was found between autoantibody positivity and any clinical parameter. The present findings support the hypothesis that immunological factors may be relevant in PSC. PMID- 3498750 TI - Interleukins in chronic active hepatitis B. Relationship with viral markers. AB - Interleukin-2, a product of helper T cells, is essentially involved in the regulation of cell-mediated immunity. Two monocyte-derived factors, interleukin-1 and prostaglandin E2, influence interleukin-2 synthesis with opposite actions. To analyse immunoregulatory function in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, T cell subsets in peripheral blood and the levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-1 and prostaglandin E2 in supernatants from lectin- or lipopolysaccharide-activated peripheral mononuclear cell cultures were determined in 16 healthy controls and 33 patients with chronic active hepatitis B. Interleukin-2 activity was comparable to the controls in patients without delta infection who had seroconverted to anti-HBe (group 1), but it was significantly reduced in both HBeAg-positive subjects (group 2) (P less than 0.05 vs. controls and group 1) and those cases with positive delta markers (group 3) (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.05 vs. controls and group 1, respectively). In group 3, interleukin-2 was similarly diminished in both anti-HTLV-III-positive and -negative cases as well as in HBeAg- and anti-HBe-positive subjects. Notwithstanding the changes in interleukin-2 activity, no significant differences in the number of T4 cells, or in the levels of either interleukin-1 or prostaglandin E2, were found among the various groups of subjects studied. However, in those groups with reduced interleukin-2 activity an increased number of T8 cells was observed. It is suggested that the low levels of interleukin-2 found in the replicative phase of chronic active hepatitis B and in delta superinfection reflect a disturbed immunoregulation that may contribute to persistent viral replication in these two conditions. PMID- 3498751 TI - Selective down modulation of L3T4 molecules on murine thymocytes by the tumor promoter, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AB - Treatment of murine thymocytes, but not mature peripheral T cells, with the tumor promoter, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), 3 results in a rapid disappearance of L3T4 molecules from the surface of thymocytes. The effect of PMA on L3T4 molecules persists in vitro for at least 72 hr. Down modulation of L3T4 molecules was PMA dose-dependent and temperature-dependent. L3T4 molecules on cortisone-resistant thymocytes were significantly less sensitive to the effect of PMA than were L3T4 molecules on cortisone-sensitive thymocytes. Down modulation of L3T4 molecules on thymocytes did not interfere with their capacity to respond to concanavalin A or activation signals delivered via their T cell receptors. The difference in the ability of thymocytes and peripheral T cells to respond to PMA cannot be explained by differences in the number of PMA receptors. Both thymocytes and peripheral T cells have PMA receptors in the range of 1 to 1.5 X 10(5) receptors/cell. However, there is a small difference in the affinity (Kd) of the receptors on thymocytes (Kd = 30 to 40 nM) and peripheral T cells (Kd = 10 to 15 nM). Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the down modulation of L3T4 molecules by PMA was a result of internalization of L3T4 molecules. After down modulation, L3T4 could be readily detected on the cytoplasm of thymocytes. These findings suggest that L3T4 molecules on thymocytes may be subject to different regulatory signals than L3T4 molecules on peripheral T cells. PMID- 3498752 TI - Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. VIII. Stimulation of IgD secretion. AB - The low levels of serum IgD found in mice and the lack of a typical DNA switch sequence between C delta and C mu raise the possibility that the generation of murine IgD-secreting cells results from a chance "mistake" rather than a controlled process. The recent observation that injection of mice with purified IgD upregulates IgD receptor expression on helper T cells and enhances the ability of these T cells to induce B cells to differentiate into antibody secreting cells led us to look for evidence of controlled differentiation of B cells into IgD-secreting cells. To do this, we injected mice with a goat antibody to IgD (GaM delta), because this antibody stimulates large increases in IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE secretion. Mice injected with GaM delta demonstrated a large increase in splenic content of mRNA specific for the secreted form of delta chain, as well as a greater than 100-fold increase in the percentage of splenic IgD-containing plasmablasts. The secretory IgD response was totally T-dependent. Production of the secretory form of IgD was not seen until 7 days after GaM delta injection, and peaked sharply on day 8, whereas by day 6 IgM secretion had already peaked and IgG1 and IgG2 secretion had attained substantial levels. This observation suggests that: 1) either cells that synthesize large quantities of the secretory form of delta-chain, unlike cells that synthesize large quantities of the secretory forms of gamma-, epsilon-, or alpha-chains, do this without deleting C mu, or, despite the absence of a typical DNA switch sequence between C mu and C delta, controls must exist to effect the C mu deletion and VDJ-C delta joining; and 2) if secreted IgD has a role in the regulation of a humoral immune response it most likely is involved in later processes, such as memory cell generation or response termination, rather than in relatively early processes, such as helper T cell activation. PMID- 3498753 TI - Subpopulations of B lymphocytes in germinal centers. AB - With two new monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we defined three subpopulations among B cells expressing binding sites for peanut agglutinin (i.e., B cells of the germinal center). On monoclonal antibody (5B5) binds globotriaosyl ceramide. The B lymphocytes binding 5B5 have binding sites for peanut agglutinin on the surface and express only small amounts of sIgD and sIgM. When tested against a panel of B cell lines, only Burkitt's lymphoma cells were 5B5+. Moreover, the 5B5+ cells have larger average sizes and a large fraction of proliferating cells. The other monoclonal antibody (HK23) binds a 90,000 protein. Lymphocytes binding HK23 are 5B5- and include T cells and a subpopulation of B cells. In contrast to 5B5+ cells, the HK23+ and peanut agglutinin positive B cells express a large amount of sIgM. These two subpopulations of germinal centers are distinct from the germinal center B cell subpopulation expressing the CD23 (Blast-2) antigen. The CD23+ B cells are 5B5- and express an intermediate level of HK23 antigen. In addition, CD23+ B cells are highly variable in number, whereas the proportions of HK23+ and 5B5+ cells are relatively stable. PMID- 3498754 TI - T cell lineages in the thymus of lpr/lpr mice. Evidence for parallel pathways of normal and abnormal T cell development. AB - Autoimmune mice homozygous for the lpr/lpr (lpr) gene develop a profound lymphadenopathy resulting from the accumulation of immature Thy-1+ Lyt-2- L3T4- cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. The source of these cells is not known although the presence of a thymus is necessary to manifest both the lymph node enlargement and the autoimmunity. For this reason and the fact that the abnormal lpr cell phenotypically resembles immature thymocytes, we studied the thymus in lpr mice. Adult lpr thymuses were found to contain an immature population phenotypically identical to the peripherally accumulating cells, including the expression of B220 and Pgp-1 antigens as well as the presence of surface T cell receptor molecules as defined by the antibody KJ16-133. Evidence is presented that some of these lpr precursor T cells are capable of intrathymic differentiation, whereas the vast majority are exported unchanged to the lymph nodes where a portion differentiate further into mature T cells. This lpr specific lineage could be distinguished from a normal component of the lpr thymus by surface phenotype and immunohistology. The results suggest that the massive accumulation of cells in lpr lymph nodes is not so much the result of abnormal proliferation of T cells as abnormal intrathymic differentiation. In addition, a minor subpopulation of normal Lyt-2- L3T4- thymocytes was identified that resembles the phenotype of the lpr cell and similarly expresses surface T cell receptor molecules. The presence of two parallel lineages in the lpr thymus thus also provides insight into normal T cell development. PMID- 3498755 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-inducing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. Presence at different clinical stages. AB - The presence of antibodies mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected target cells was investigated with 170 sera from patients with varying severity of HIV infection. Approximately 40% of sera from individuals representing all stages of infection were ADCC-positive when tested against HTLV-IIIB infected 0937 clone 2 target cells. The positive sera had higher HIV antibody titers as measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay compared with ADCC-negative sera. ADCC titers were lower in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome than in asymptomatic carriers. This decline in ADCC titer was not correlated with a general decrease of HIV antibodies. No correlation between the CD4:CD8 lymphocyte ratio and ADCC activity was found. The possible beneficial effect of ADCC-inducing antibodies early in infection is discussed in relation to the effect of ADCC-inducing antibodies in other retrovirus systems and to the nature of lentivirus infections. PMID- 3498756 TI - Similar in vivo expansion of B cells from normal DBA/2 and autoimmune NZB mice in xid recipients. AB - B cells from normal DBA/2 and autoimmune NZB mice were transferred into H-2 compatible xid recipients where they engrafted without irradiation or other manipulation of the host. The properties of these cells and their interaction with the host environment were analyzed at the single cell level with a splenic focus assay. When similar numbers of NZB and DBA/2 anti-DNA-producing B cell precursors were transferred, they expanded at similar rates in xid recipients. The rate of expansion varied with the strain of the recipient: it was fastest in autoimmune-prone NZB . xid and slowest in DBA/2 . xid hosts. Cells producing antibodies reactive with the autoantigen DNA proliferated substantially faster than those reactive with the non-autoantigen trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These results suggest that 1) B cells from NZB mice do not behave differently from DBA/2 B cells, 2) the internal milieu of the recipient into which the cells are transferred has an important effect on B cell proliferation, and 3) B cells capable of autoantibody production may have a selective growth and/or differentiation advantage relative to other B cells. PMID- 3498757 TI - Interleukin 1 production by human lung tissue. I. Identification and characterization. AB - Crucial to the development of inflammatory infiltrates is the localized production of mediators which promote adherence of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium. Previous in vitro studies, using monolayers of cultured human vascular endothelial cells (VEC), have identified various agents which promote the acquisition of adhesiveness in VEC for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the present studies, we report that human lung fragments cultured for 4 to 24 hr release a factor which acts on VEC to promote adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Adhesiveness in VEC stimulated by lung fragment culture supernatants was time- and dose-dependent. This adherence-promoting factor appears to be a mixture of the alpha and beta forms of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and has the following properties: 1) it is heat-labile; 2) it is not inactivated by polymyxin B; 3) it has mobility on Sephadex G-75 column chromatography corresponding to apparent m.w. of approximately 15,000, 30,000, and 70,000 (a pattern observed previously for IL-1); 4) it has activity in the thymocyte costimulation IL-1 assay, but no interleukin 2 activity, and 5) it is neutralized by anti-human IL-1 antisera but not by anti-human tumor necrosis factor antiserum. Production and release of IL-1 in vivo may play a role in the development of inflammatory infiltrates in human lung and other tissues by acting on endothelium to promote the localized adherence of leukocytes. PMID- 3498758 TI - Interleukin 1 production by human lung tissue. II. Inhibition by anti inflammatory steroids. AB - Glucocorticoids block the localized accumulation of leukocytes as sites of inflammation by preventing their adherence to vascular endothelium. This implies that glucocorticoids are acting either on the leukocytes, endothelium, or cells which produce adherence-promoting factors (such as interleukin 1 (IL-1)). Previous studies have shown that dexamethasone (DEX) treatment of either polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) or human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (VEC) or both in vitro does not prevent adherence induced by thrombin or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-met peptide). We now show that pretreatment of PMN and/or VEC for 24 hr with 0.1 microM DEX had no effect on adherence of PMN to VEC activated with IL-1 (2 U/ml), lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/ml), or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (30 ng/ml) suggesting that glucocorticoids may inhibit adherence in vivo by blocking formation of IL-1 and other adherence-inducing stimuli. We have recently established that cultured human lung fragments produce IL-1 in vitro. To investigate whether glucocorticoids could inhibit the production of adherence-inducing factors, we examined the effect of glucocorticoids on IL-1 production from human lung tissue. Treatment of human lung fragments in vitro for 18 hr with glucocorticoids such as DEX and hydrocortisone resulted in dose dependent inhibition of IL-1 production; these and other glucocorticoids, at concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 1 microM, produced greater than 50% inhibition of IL-1 release. Nonglucocorticoid steroids including testosterone and beta-estradiol (1 microM) had no effect. Inhibition of IL-1 production occurred after a lag period 5 of 16 hr, and the relative glucocorticoid potencies agreed with their known anti-inflammatory potencies in vivo (beta-methasone approximately triamcinolone acetonide greater than DEX greater than fludrocortisone greater than prednisolone greater than hydrocortisone). Inhibition of IL-1 production in vivo may, in part, explain the remarkable ability of glucocorticoids to prevent the adherence of leukocytes to endothelium and their accumulation at an inflammatory site. PMID- 3498759 TI - Biochemical and functional properties of serine esterases in acidic cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Percoll gradient fractions of homogenates of murine cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were analyzed for the trypsin-like enzyme alpha-N-benzyloxy carbonyl-L-lysinethiobenzyl ester (BLT) esterase recently described in CTL homogenates. Enzymatic activity was found in three areas of the gradient: the dense cytolysin containing granules; a light granule fraction; and a variable amount in the soluble fraction at the top of the gradient. Gel filtration columns showed a major peak of BLT esterase activity eluted at the position of a 60-kDa protein, and an additional, minor BLT esterase peak eluting at about 27 kDa. The separated enzymes were both significantly inhibited by the serine protease inhibitors diisopropylfluorophosphate and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), indicating they are both serine proteases, but showed different patterns of inhibition by a series of inhibitors, suggesting the larger enzyme is not a simple dimer of the smaller. pH activity profiles of both CTL BLT esterases showed an optimum at about pH 8. PMSF inactivation of BLT esterase in detergent extracts of CTL diminished sharply as the pH was dropped below 7. Agents which raise the pH of acidic intracellular compartments were found to markedly enhance the PMSF inactivation of BLT esterase in intact CTL, showing that the granules have a low internal pH. Similarly, [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate labeling of intact CTL gave four protein bands on non-reduced gels, of which two were labeled threefold more effectively in the presence of chloroquine. In parallel studies of inactivation of CTL lytic activity, PMSF pretreatment caused a 50% reduction of the lytic activity under conditions where greater than 90% of the BLT esterase activity was inactivated. Addition of agents raising the intragranular pH dramatically enhanced the BLT esterase inactivation but did not concomitantly reduce CTL lytic activity. These results indicate that inactivation of lytic function by PMSF is unlikely to be due to its reaction with protease in acidic granules, and suggest that the activity of these enzymes may not be required for cytotoxicity. PMID- 3498760 TI - Hyperthyroxinemic mice have reduced natural killer cell activity. Evidence for a defective trigger mechanism. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from hyperthyroxinemic patients (Graves' disease or thyroxine (T4)-treated) is severely depressed. In order to study the relationship of thyroid hormone to NK activity, a model for hyperthyroxinemia was induced in mice by addition of T4 to the drinking water. Control mice were hypothyroid (fed propylthiouracil) or normal. Serum T4 levels were elevated (within 2 wk) in mice fed thyroid hormone. Six weeks after initiation of the diets, in vitro NK activity was undetectable in the peripheral blood, spleen, or lung mononuclear cell populations harvested from hyperthyroxinemic mice. Control mice had NK activity within the normal range. Spleen cells from mice fed thyroid hormone and control mice were tested for their ability to release lytic factors (natural killer cytotoxic factors). Lymphoid cells were incubated for 20 hr with unlabeled Yac-1 cells. Supernatants were tested for their capacity to lyse 51Cr-labeled Yac-1 cells in a 20-hr chromium release assay. Unlike controls, supernatants from hyperthyroxinemic spleen cells incubated with Yac-1 targets were unable to lyse 51Cr-Yac-1 cells. The NK cells from the mice fed T4 synthesized lytic factors because nonspecific stimuli, such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate and the calcium ionophore A23187, induced release of lytic factors capable of lysing Yac-1 targets into the media. These data support the hypothesis that excess thyroid hormone interferes with the triggering mechanism used by NK targets to cause release of lytic molecules from NK cells. PMID- 3498761 TI - L3T4-positive T cells participate in the induction of graft-vs-host disease in response to minor histocompatibility antigens. AB - The phenotype of T cells that initiate graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in response to minor histocompatibility antigens (minor HA) was determined in three H-2 compatible strain combinations by using negative selection with monoclonal antibodies to Lyt-2 and L3T4 antigens to test the hypothesis that Lyt-2-positive T cells alone initiate GVHD. The phenotype of T cells required to initiate GVHD was different in each of the three strain combinations studied. Both Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ LP spleen cells were necessary to cause lethal GVHD in C57BL/6 recipients. In the reciprocal transplant, Lyt-2+, but not L3T4+ C57BL/6 spleen cells were sufficient to initiate GVHD in LP recipients. In contrast, L3T4+, but not Lyt-2+ B10.D2 spleen cells were found to initiate GVHD in BALB/c recipients. The optimal response to minor HA requires both Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cells because a mixture of the two subsets of spleen cells resulted in a more severe form of GVHD than either subset alone in all three strain combinations studied. This study demonstrates that L3T4+ cells participate in the initiation of GVHD in response to minor HA. The dominant T cell subset that initiates GVHD varies with the specific strain combination tested. The specific minor HA expressed in the transplant recipient, the H-2 type, and possibly non-major histocompatibility complex immune response genes of the donor strain appear to determine the phenotype of the initiator T cells. PMID- 3498762 TI - Regulation of murine IgE production in SJA/9 and nude mice. Potentiation of IgE production by recombinant interleukin 4. AB - Serum IgE levels were determined in different strains of mice with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using rat monoclonal anti-murine IgE antibodies in normal and in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected mice. After infection, serum IgE levels were high in BALB/c and CB-20, low in SJL/J and SJA/20 mice, and not detected at all in SJA/9 and nude mice. Surface IgE-positive cells were greatly increased in BALB/c and SJL/J mice after infection, but not in SJA/9 and nude mice. Most surface IgE-positive spleen cells were also surface IgM- and surface IgD-positive. When spleen cells from SJA/9 or nude mice were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and recombinant interleukin 4 (formerly B cell stimulating factor 1), IgE was produced and detected in the supernatants of these cultures. In addition, surface IgE-positive cells could be detected in these cultures. Most of the surface IgE-positive cells were surface IgM- and surface IgD-negative, unlike those seen in the spleens of Nippostrongylus-infected BALB/c and SJL/J mice. These observations show that SJA/9 and nude mice have IgE producing precursor B cells, and after appropriate stimulation interleukin 4 can induce them to secrete IgE. PMID- 3498763 TI - Mechanism of inhibition and induction of cytolytic activity in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by CD3 monoclonal antibodies. AB - The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for inhibition as well as induction of cytolytic activity in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by cluster-defined 3 (T3) (CD3) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). A series of isotype heavy chain switch variants (murine IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgA, and IgE) of a single CD3 mAb was used in the analysis of effects of CD3 mAb on the cytolytic activity of an allospecific CTL clone. The results obtained indicate that the inhibition of cytolytic activity of CTL by CD3 mAb is not caused by interference with events that occur after conjugate formation, such as programming for lysis and the delivery of the lethal hit, but by inhibition of specific recognition of the target cell by the CTL. We also present evidence that induction of nonspecific CTL activity by CD3 mAb is only achieved by direct binding of the Fc receptor to the CD3 mAb. This observation allowed us to use the CD3 mAb-induced nonspecific cytolytic activity of CTL as a sensitive assay for detection of Fc receptors for various heavy chain isotypes. So far, evidence was found for human Fc receptors reactive with murine IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not for murine IgA or IgE. The combined results indicate a similar role for Fc receptors in induction of cytolytic activity of CTL by CD3 mAb as well as in CD3 mAb-induced proliferative responses of T cells. PMID- 3498764 TI - Enhanced antigen-presenting capacity of cultured Langerhans' cells is associated with markedly increased expression of Ia antigen. AB - Recent studies indicate that when epidermal Langerhans' cells (LC) are cultured for 2 to 3 days they, in comparison to freshly prepared LC, exhibit markedly enhanced ability to stimulate T cell proliferative responses in oxidative mitogenesis and in the mixed epidermal-leukocyte reaction. In this study, we determined whether cultured LC enhance antigen-specific T cell responses, and whether such enhanced stimulatory capacity correlates with the level of Ia antigen expressed on LC. We used C3H/He (Iak) epidermal cells as stimulators and, as responder cells, both the trinitrophenyl-specific clones D8 and SE4, which were assayed for [3H]dThd incorporation, and the pigeon cytochrome c specific hybridoma 2C2, which was assayed for interleukin 2 production. Cultured LC induced 10 to 100 times greater proliferation or interleukin 2 production by responder cells than did freshly prepared LC. The intensity of I-Ak and I-Ek, expressed on cultured LC as assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, was found to be 10 to 36 times greater on a per cell basis than that on freshly prepared LC. Depletion of LC from fresh epidermal cell suspensions by anti-Iak and complement or treatment with 50 mJ/cm2 medium range ultraviolet light or cycloheximide before culture abrogated both the increase in Ia expression and antigen-specific clonal proliferation. The results suggest that when LC are removed from their usual epidermal milieu, they express increased amounts of Ia and become more potent stimulators of T cell responses. PMID- 3498765 TI - Myasthenogenicity of human acetylcholine receptor synthetic alpha-subunit peptide 125-147 does not require intramolecular disulfide cyclization. AB - This study reports the synthesis of a disulfide-looped peptide corresponding to residues 125-147 (Cys 128-Cys 142) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of human skeletal muscle, H alpha 125-147 (Lys-Ser-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Glu-Gln- Asn-Cys-Ser-Nle-Lys Leu-Gly), and a nondisulfide looped analogue, H alpha 125-147(S) (Lys-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe Pro-Phe-Asp-Glu- Gln-Asn-Cys-Ser-Nle-Lys-Leu-Gly), in which the amino acid Cys 128 was replaced with serine. Both peptides induced antigen-specific helper T cell responses, as evidenced in vitro by lymph node cell proliferation and in vivo by production of anti-AChR antibodies. Rats immunized with 100 micrograms of either synthetic peptide, without conjugation to a carrier, produced anti-peptide antibodies which bound to native AChR in immunoprecipitation assays and induced modulation of membrane-bound AChR from cultured human myotubes. Both peptides also induced electrophysiologic and biochemical signs of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Thus, region 125-147 of the AChR alpha-subunit is at least partly exposed extracellularly in human muscle and contains one or more autoantigenic sites capable of stimulating T cells and B cells. Disulfide-linkage between residues Cys 128 and Cys 142 is not essential for myasthenogenicity. PMID- 3498766 TI - Recombinant T cell replacing factor (interleukin 5) acts with antigen to promote the growth and differentiation of single hapten-specific B lymphocytes. AB - The role of murine recombinant T cell replacing factor (rTRF) (interleukin 5) in the early activation, proliferation, and antibody-forming cell (AFC) clone formation of single fluorescein (FLU)-specific B cells was examined in vitro. FLU specific B cells were selected by their adherence to FLU-gelatin and then cultured in 10-microliters wells with or without rTRF in the presence or absence of the T-independent antigen FLU-polymerized flagellin (FLU-POL). rTRF acting alone was unable to induce early B cell activation as assessed by significant cell enlargement after 24 hr in culture. When acting in the presence of FLU-POL, however, a greater number of B cells were induced to enlarge than with FLU-POL alone. When FLU-specific B cells were cultured in the presence of FLU-POL, the addition of rTRF markedly increased the frequencies of both proliferating clones and AFC clones above that induced by FLU-POL alone. Furthermore, in the presence of FLU-POL, the activity of rTRF was comparable to that seen with the mixture of B cell growth and differentiation factors contained within the supernatant from concanavalin A-stimulated EL4 cells. However, rTRF exerted little activity when acting alone in contrast to the medium conditioned by concanavalin A-stimulated EL4 cells which showed some activity in the absence of FLU-POL. rTRF acting with FLU-POL also promoted AFC clone development among single B cells stimulated in the presence of 3T3 fibroblast filler cells. Thus rTRF can be added to the list of B cell active factors (including recombinant murine interleukin 1 and recombinant human interleukin 2) that act in the concomitant presence of antigen to induce both growth and differentiation among single hapten-specific murine splenic B cells. This stands in contrast to the activity seen with interleukin 4 (formerly termed B cell stimulatory factor 1) which acts to promote early activation and proliferation but not IgM secretion. PMID- 3498767 TI - Purification and partial sequence analysis of murine B cell growth factor II (interleukin 5). AB - Murine B cell growth factor II (BCGF-II/interleukin 5) was purified from the conditioned media of the helper T cell line D10 . G4 . 1. The purification scheme consisted of sequential batch adsorption onto trimethylsilyl-controlled pore glass beads, high pressure ion exchange chromatography, and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The purified BCGF-II had a relative molecular weight of 45,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Identical analysis of BCGF-II under reducing conditions yielded a m.w. of 22,500, suggesting that native BCGF-II exists as a homodimer. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified lymphokine was determined by automated Edman degradation. A single amino acid sequence of 24 residues was obtained that, upon comparison, was contained within the cDNA pSP6K-mTRF23 recently described as encoding murine BCGF-II/T cell replacing factor. The NH2-terminal methionine in mature BCGF-II is found at position 21 of the amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA pSP6K-mTRF23. This finding supports the contention of Kinashi et al. (Kinashi, T., N. Harada, E. Severinson, T. Tanabe, P. Sideras, M. Konishi, C. Azuma, A. Tominaga, S. Bergstedt-Lindqvist, M. Takahashi, F. Matsuda, Y. Yaoita, K. Takatsu, and T. Honjo. 1986. Nature 324:70) that amino acids 1-20 serve as the signal sequence for the BCGF-II gene. The ability of BCGF-II to stimulate the proliferation of the B cell lymphoma BCL1 was used to assess the potency of the lymphokine. BCGF II at 13.5 pM induced 50% of the maximal proliferative response in the BCL1 cells; concentrations as low as 2 pM were still effective in stimulating the growth of the cells. Assuming that the amount of BCGF-II necessary to mount a 50% response in the BCL1 assay is defined as one unit of activity, then the purified BCGF-II has a specific activity of 16.5 U/ng of protein. PMID- 3498768 TI - Interleukin 5 and interleukin 4 produced by Peyer's patch T cells selectively enhance immunoglobulin A expression. AB - Considerable evidence suggests that the high frequency of B cells committed to the IgA isotype in Peyer's patches is regulated by T lymphocytes. To understand more accurately the mechanism of this immunoregulation, an autoreactive T cell line from Peyer's patches was generated by culturing L3T4+ Peyer's patches T cells with syngeneic B cell blasts. The resulting T cell line, designated PT-1, and a clone derived from this line, PT-1.14, stimulated immunoglobulin secretion in spleen B cells with a preferential enhancement of IgA and IgG1 isotypes. Supernatant derived from concanavalin A-stimulated PT-1 or PT-1.14 cells could also enhance IgA secretion if spleen B cells were preactivated with lipopolysaccharide. Peyer's patches T cell supernatant did not contain IgA specific binding factors. PT-1 supernatant scored positive in lymphokine assays for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1), IL-5 (B cell growth factor II), and interferon-gamma, whereas PT-1.14 supernatant was positive for IL 4 and IL-5 and negative for IL-2 and interferon-gamma. Only IL-5 enhanced IgA secretion in lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells and this response was increased two- to three-fold by IL-4. These results suggest that the type 2 T helper subset which produces both IL-5 and IL-4 plays a primary role in regulating IgA expression. PMID- 3498769 TI - Chemotactic effect of human recombinant interleukin 2 on mouse activated large granular lymphocytes. AB - Human recombinant interleukin 2 (hrIL-2) was demonstrated in vitro to be chemotactic for mouse large granular lymphocytes (LGL) activated in vivo by virus infection. Peritoneal exudate cells harvested from virus-infected mice were used as a source of LGL. LGL collected from mouse hepatitis virus-infected mice at 3 days postinfection were a source for NK 1.1 positive natural killer (NK)/LGL. LGL collected from mice treated with antiserum to gangliotetraosylceramide and infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus for 7 days were used as a source for Lyt-2 positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)/LGL. Both NK/LGL and CTL/LGL responded chemotactically to hrIL-2, purified IFN-beta, and to crude cell-free washout fluids collected from the peritoneal cavity of virus-infected mice. hrIL 2 had chemotactic activity for virus-elicited granular and agranular lymphocytes but did not attract the contaminating macrophages, in contrast to IFN-beta, which displayed chemotactic activity for virus-elicited granular and agranular lymphocytes as well as macrophages. The migration to hrIL-2 was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (7D4) to the IL-2 receptor, but treatment with 7D4 did not affect migration in response to IFN-beta. Microscopic examination of Wright's Giemsa-stained migrated NK/LGL and CTL/LGL revealed that the majority of migrated LGL in either LGL population had a blast cell morphology (enlarged cells with rich basophilic cytoplasm). The frequency of cells bearing the LGL morphology within the virus-elicited nonadherent peritoneal exudate cell population was on incubation in vitro, stabilized by either hrIL-2 or IFN-beta. These data suggest that another important immunomodulating function of IL-2 may be to attract activated NK/LGL and CTL/LGL to sites of inflammation. PMID- 3498770 TI - Idiotope vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. A precursor study. AB - An analysis of nominal vs idiotope antigen-induced B cell precursors was performed in A/St mice. With the use of the splenic fragment culture system, the quantity and quality of B cell precursors responding to two anti-idiotope carrier antigens (4C11 hemocyanin and F6 hemocyanin) and nominal antigen (phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin) were compared. In addition, the effect of priming with anti-idiotope-carrier antigens on B cell precursors responding to phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin was determined. We found that one anti-idiotope carrier antigen, 4C11-hemocyanin, and phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin stimulated similar subpopulations of primary B cells. However, the B cell population stimulated by F6-hemocyanin, the other anti-idiotype complex, was distinct. Furthermore, priming with certain idiotope antigens can direct the phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin response into the expression of idiotypes that may be the most effective in protective immunity. Our results provide essential information for the rational design of idiotype vaccines by clarifying the dynamic relationship of the B cell precursor repertoire with the in vivo antibody response in the response to nominal and idiotope antigens. PMID- 3498771 TI - Idiotype vaccination against murine B cell lymphoma. Humoral and cellular responses elicited by tumor-derived immunoglobulin M and its molecular subunits. AB - C3H/HeN mice were immunized with idiotypic immunoglobulin M (IgM) and its molecular subunits from the syngeneic 38C13 lymphoma. Immunization with idiotypic IgM (38C-Id) resulted in idiotype-specific humoral and cellular immunity and protection against a lethal tumor cell challenge. Heavy (H38C) and light (L38C) chains were isolated by electroelution from preparative polyacrylamide gels. Both of these immunogens induced significant resistance to a subsequent tumor challenge. Variable region immunogens, in the form of trpE-fusion proteins, were obtained by cloning heavy and light chain variable region genes into the expression plasmid pATH-11. Of these, only the trpE-VH38C immunogen yielded immune resistance to tumor challenge. Finally, the nucleic acid sequence of 38C Id light chain was determined and, based on the corresponding amino acid sequence and an analysis of predicted secondary structure, a region of potential antigenicity in complementarity-determining region 3 was chosen for the production of a synthetic peptide. Vaccination with this synthetic peptide resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth. Analysis of the humoral and cellular immunity generated by these vaccines revealed the presence of antibodies reactive with native idiotypic IgM only in 38C-Id, H38C, and trpE-VH38C immune sera, although the latter two were not idiotype-specific. Idiotype-specific lymphocytes, which proliferated in response to native 38C-Id, were observed in all immune animals. With the exception of the fusion protein immunogens, conjugation to an immunogenic carrier protein (keyhole limpet hemocyanin or thyroglobulin) was required for optimal humoral and cellular responses. PMID- 3498773 TI - Bioassay for interleukin-1 inhibitors. PMID- 3498772 TI - Novel ELISA and ELISA-spot assays used to quantitate B cells and serum antibodies specific for T cell and bromelated mouse red blood cell autoantigens. AB - The frequency of splenic B cells producing antibodies reactive with bromelain treated mouse red blood cells (BrMRBC) or T cell surface antigens was examined in autoimmune and normal mice. This was accomplished by fixing target cells to microtiter plates such that their membrane antigens could be detected in ELISA and ELISA-spot assays. This technique was rapid, sensitive, and permitted antibodies of both the IgG and IgM isotypes to be measured independently. Autoimmune NZB, BXSB male and MRL-lpr/lpr mice had 10-100-fold higher levels of serum anti-BrMRBC and anti-T cell antibodies than did control DBA/2 and CBA/J animals. The frequency of splenic B cells producing autoantibodies of these specificities was similarly increased among autoimmune mice. In general, the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) reactive with BrMRBCs was 2-5 times higher than the number reactive with T cell surface determinants. In NZB mice these cells produced primarily IgM autoantibodies whereas in MRL-lpr/lpr animals they secreted primarily IgG. The concentration of serum autoantibody did not precisely correlate with AFC frequency, indicating that immunoglobulin catabolism and other factors play a role in regulating serum antibody concentration. PMID- 3498774 TI - Radioimmunoassay in microtiter plates. A convenient method for determining bound radiolabelled ligand. AB - A radioimmunoassay was performed in the wells of casein-coated microplates employing 125I-labelled sheep anti-human second antibody. The antigen-antibody complexes were thereafter dislodged from the well walls using the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the entire contents of the wells were simultaneously absorbed into 48 cellulose acetate-absorbing cartridges. All 48 cartridges were transferred to counting vials and the radioactivity determined by standard gamma counting techniques. The particular advantage of the method described here is the ease with which the supernatants can be collected and transferred to counting vials with minimal handling of radioactive samples. PMID- 3498775 TI - [201Tl myocardial scintigraphy and 13N-NH3 positron computed tomography in evaluating myocardial blood flow]. AB - The early distribution of thallium-201 (Tl-201) is related to blood flow within the limits of the physiological range. We examined the ratio of myocardial uptake of Tl-201 to the total dose administered at rest and during exercise, in order to assess myocardial blood flow. The usual dose of Tl-201 (2-3 mCi) was diluted to 20 ml of normal saline and 15 ml were injected intravenously as a bolus. Subsequently the remaining 5 ml were injected in the same manner. Myocardial Tl 201 uptakes after the first dose were comparable to those of the second dose at rest when myocardial uptake immediately before the second injection was subtracted and multiplied by 3 (r = 0.98). This technique was applied during exercise to evaluate coronary reserve. Symptom-limited exercise was performed using a sitting ergometer and the first dose of Tl-201 was administered. After the routine scintigraphy with multiple views was completed, a second dose was given at rest. Myocardial uptake was greater during exercise than at rest by 32.6 +/- 15.1% (mean +/- SD) in 18 normal subjects. This was significantly greater than that of 20 patients with coronary artery disease (5.8 +/- 15.3%; p less than 0.005). Tl-201 scintigraphy has inherent limitations as to its quantitation, while positron scintigraphy using 13N-NH3 has some advantages for calculations. Percent myocardial uptake of 13N during exercise was practically equal to that at rest in six normal subjects (97.1 +/- 25.0%), but it was slightly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (90.1 +/- 18.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498776 TI - [Reoperation of aorto-coronary bypass grafting]. PMID- 3498777 TI - [A case report of successful A-C bypass grafting in unstable angina pectoris developing during long-term treatment of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 3498778 TI - [Subsets of chronic rheumatoid arthritis and changes in bone marrow]. PMID- 3498779 TI - Plasma lipoproteins and transferrin regulate the proliferation of a continuous T lymphocyte cell line. AB - Lipoproteins of hydrated densities less than 1.063 g/ml, very low density (VLDL) and low density (LDL) lipoproteins, could both enhance and suppress the proliferation of T lymphocyte cell lines. Enhancement and suppression were dependent on lipoprotein and transferrin concentrations. Enhancement occurred at low lipoprotein and high transferrin; suppression, at high lipoprotein and low transferrin. Lipoprotein suppression required a constituent of cell-conditioned medium as evidenced by the fact that lipoproteins did not suppress the replicative response of the IL-2-dependent murine cell line CTLL-2 to purified IL 2 but could suppress the response to cell-conditioned medium IL-2. For lipoprotein suppression and its relief by transferrin, both growth-regulating factors were required early in the cell cycle, suggesting that events important to progression through G1 are influenced. The data establish that the interplay between plasma lipoproteins, transferrin, and an unknown constituent of cell conditioned medium can regulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 3498780 TI - Correction of progressive idiopathic scoliosis utilizing neuromuscular stimulation and manipulation: a case report. AB - Presented is a case report of chiropractic manipulative therapy and transcutaneous neuromuscular stimulation utilized in the treatment of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The curvature was shown to be progressing at the rate of 1.0 degrees/month for the 9 previous months. The patient's curvature was successfully stopped at 27 degrees and reversed to 17 degrees in the first 3 months of care. After 9 months of nighttime stimulation, the curvature was recorded at 23 degrees. Also included is a review of conservative scoliotic care and the effects of physical forces on glycoprotein structures. PMID- 3498781 TI - Sources of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with large esophageal varices: endoscopic findings. PMID- 3498782 TI - Effect of thyrotrophin on epidermal growth factor receptors in monolayer cultures of porcine thyroid cells. AB - Primary cultures of porcine thyroid cells, grown as monolayers, showed saturable binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Scatchard analysis resolved the binding to a high-affinity/low-capacity site (dissociation constant = 0.17 nmol/l, maximal binding capacity = 1.67 pmol/10(6) cells) and a low-affinity/high capacity site. Preincubation of thyroid monolayers with TSH for 3 days caused an increase in binding of 125I-labelled EGF due to an increase in the number of receptors, with the binding affinity unchanged. This effect was dose-dependent within the range of TSH concentrations 0.01-100 mu/l. The same effect was seen with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10-1000 mumol/l). When the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide was included in the TSH preincubation, the increase in EGF binding was abolished. The TSH effect on EGF binding was not mediated by thyroid hormones, since neither thyroxine (T4) nor tri-iodothyronine (T3) at 0.1 nmol/l 10 mumol/l could mimic the effect of TSH, nor could antisera to T3 or T4 neutralize the effect of TSH. The concentration of extracellular iodide (10 nmol/l-10 mmol/l) had no effect on the binding of 125I-labelled EGF. The results demonstrate that TSH increases the number of receptor sites for binding of EGF to thyroid monolayers in vitro. This effect is dependent upon protein synthesis and is mediated by cyclic AMP but not by thyroid hormones or iodide. This effect on binding of EGF may contribute to the trophic action of TSH. PMID- 3498783 TI - Risk factors for breast cancer with applications to selection for the prevalence screen. AB - There have been many studies of individual risk factors for breast cancer; most of the factors concerned may be broadly grouped into demographic and dietary, reproductive history, endocrine related, family history of breast cancer, and previous history of breast disease. Some of these studies have examined the combined effect of these factors. The present case-control study does this in the context of a randomised controlled trial of breast cancer screening. The relative risks that we have obtained are, in general, of similar magnitude to those in other reports. The relevance of the results to a screening programme is discussed. PMID- 3498784 TI - Relative risks of low birthweight in Scotland 1980-2. AB - Routinely collected data for 187,000 Scottish singleton livebirths in 1980-2 were used to relate the risk of birthweight below 2500 g, 2000 g, 1500 g, and 1000 g to sex of infant and nine maternal factors. Maternal height was a major predictor of birthweight below 2500g but was less important in predicting birthweight in the lower intervals. A history of prenatal death and spontaneous abortion was important for all four intervals and was associated with most extreme risks for birthweight below 1000 g. The analysis confirms that the patterns of risk of birthweight below 2500g and 2000 g associated with social class, marital status, and maternal age and height found among the women of the 1958 cohort of British births are still applicable in the early 1980s. PMID- 3498787 TI - Resistance of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes to cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Cloned CTLs show an unusually high resistance to lysis by effector CTLs. Several cloned CTL lines in our laboratories are absolutely refractory to lysis by other cloned CTLs, either (a) directly, (b) in the presence of lectin, or (c) by PMA induced CTLs. They can be lysed to some extent by primary CTL, although they are less than 5% as sensitive as target cells normally used to assay primary CTL lytic activity. Lysis of cloned CTLs by primary CTL effector cells is not enhanced by the presence of lectin, and cloned T cells are also highly resistant to lysis by primary lymphokine-activated killer cells. Cloned CTLs are highly resistant to lysis by isolated CTL granules that contain the membranolytic pore forming protein (PFP or perforin), while non-CTL targets are highly susceptible to granule-mediated killing, indicating that cloned CTLs resist lysis not only at the intact effector cell level but also when soluble effector proteins are used. This resistance mechanism may explain how CTLs kill but spare themselves from being killed during the cytolytic event. PMID- 3498786 TI - Lipopolysaccharide modulates the expression of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and other serine proteinase inhibitors in human monocytes and macrophages. AB - alpha 1 Proteinase inhibitor (PI) is the principle inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, an enzyme that degrades many components of the extracellular matrix. Expression and regulation of alpha 1 PI, therefore, affects the delicate balance of elastase and antielastase, which is critical to turnover of connective tissue during homeostasis, tissue injury, and repair. In this study we show that expression of alpha 1 PI in human monocytes and macrophages is regulated during activation by LPS. LPS mediates a concentration- and time-dependent increase in the rate of synthesis of alpha 1 PI in mononuclear phagocytes. There is a 4.5-8.7 fold increase in functionally active inhibitor delivered to the cell culture fluid of monocytes. The effect of LPS is specific in that it is neutralized by an mAb to the lipid A moiety. The increase in expression of alpha 1 PI mediated by LPS occurs in the context of other specific changes in the expression of serine proteinase inhibitor genes in mononuclear phagocytes. There is an increase in the rate of synthesis of C1 inhibitor and a decrease in synthesis of alpha 2 macroglobulin. Regulation of alpha 1 PI by LPS is distinctive in that it is largely determined by a change in the efficiency of translation of alpha 1 PI mRNA. LPS has no effect on the rate of posttranslational processing and/or secretion of alpha 1 PI and, therein, causes greater intracellular accumulation of alpha 1 PI in mononuclear phagocytes from individuals with homozygous PiZZ alpha 1 PI deficiency. PMID- 3498785 TI - Characterization of Lyt-2-, L3T4- class I-specific cytolytic clones in C3H gld/gld mice. Implications for functions of accessory molecules and programmed development. AB - We report the first demonstration of Thy-1+, Lyt-2-, L3T4- MHC-specific CTL clones derived from the Lyt-2-, L3T4- subset of lymph node cells of C3H-gld/gld mice. These clones express alpha/beta heterodimeric TCRs on the cell surface and specifically recognize class I molecules on target cells. Lyt-2 and L3T4 molecules are therefore not essential for the induction, recognition, and killing of antigen-specific CTL. In addition, these studies suggest that antigen specificity development for class I structures may occur before Lyt-2 gene activation in the differentiation of T cells. PMID- 3498788 TI - Defective lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow of motheaten (me/me) and viable motheaten (mev/mev) mutant mice. III. Normal mouse bone marrow cells enable mev/mev prothymocytes to generate thymocytes after intravenous transfer. AB - Bone marrow prothymocytes from me/me and mev/mev mutant mice fail to generate thymocytes in irradiated (600 rad) +/+ wild-type recipients after intravenous injection. However, these same prothymocytes readily generate thymocytes after intrathymic injection. The results of the present study demonstrate that this apparent defect in the thymus-homing capacity of mev/mev prothymocytes can be corrected by mixing irradiated wild-type bone marrow cells with mev/mev bone marrow cells before intravenous injection. However, this defect is not corrected by passage of mev/mev bone marrow cells through the bone marrow of irradiated wild-type recipients. One interpretation of these results is that the maturation of prothymocytes is reversibly arrested in mev/mev mice by a defect in the radiosensitive compartment of the bone marrow microenvironment. PMID- 3498789 TI - Reactive lymphocytes in lacrimal gland and vasculitic renal lesions of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice express L3T4. AB - The lacrimal gland inflammatory lesions and renal vasculitic lesions of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice were analyzed for the lymphocyte subsets present. The majority of cells were Thy-1.2+ T cells (mean, 85%) of the L3T4+ helper T phenotype (mean, 64 and 58%, respectively). Lesser numbers of Lyt-2+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and macrophages were present. The finding that the majority of lymphocytes in both the lacrimal gland inflammatory lesions and renal vasculitis of MRL/lpr mice expressed L3T4 suggests that these cells may be capable of responding to antigen presentation and that an active immunologic response occurs at these sites. PMID- 3498792 TI - Undetected fibrositis in primary care practice. AB - The prevalence of symptoms related to fibrositis was investigated for patients seen in a primary care setting. Of 692 adult patients evaluated, 33 (4.6 percent) had symptoms of unexplained, chronic, diffuse muscular pain. Only three patients had been diagnosed as having fibrositis by their physician. Eighteen of 31 patients had symptoms sufficiently severe to interfere with their ability to perform their job or household chores. The percentages of these patients who met the fibrositis criteria ranged from 17 to 55 percent. These results suggest that unexplained, diffuse muscular aching is a common problem, that it is rarely diagnosed, and that the use of several criteria to define fibrositis excludes many patients with the typical primary symptoms. PMID- 3498790 TI - A single amino acid substitution in the alpha 3 domain of an H-2 class I molecule abrogates reactivity with CTL. AB - We previously described a somatic cell expressing a variant H-2Dd molecule that did not serve as a target for alloreactive anti-Dd CTL. The mutant cell line had been isolated by its failure to express a serological epitope present on the H 2Dd alpha 3 domain. In the present study the alpha 3 domain of the Dd molecule of this somatic cell variant was sequenced and a single nucleotide change resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at residue 227 was identified. This change was reproduced in the cloned H-2Dd gene by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Cells transfected with this mutant gene were not killed by anti-H 2Dd CTL. Because previous studies using hybrid H-2 class I molecules had established that the alpha 3 domain does not express allele-specific determinants recognized by CTL, our results raise the possibility that residues in the alpha 3 domain of H-2 class I molecules are critical for CTL recognition and constitute a conserved (or monomorphic) determinant recognized by CTL. PMID- 3498793 TI - [Production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3498791 TI - Inhibition of cytotoxic T cell development by transforming growth factor beta and reversal by recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha. AB - The immunoregulatory effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (rMuTNF-alpha) on CTL generation and activity were examined. The results demonstrate that TGF-beta, in a dose dependent manner, inhibited CTL generation but not CTL activity. The inhibitory effects were detected only when TGF-beta was added within the first 48 h of the MLC. Little activity was seen when it was added thereafter, including the addition of TGF-beta to the cytotoxicity assay. The production of TNF-alpha, which occurs during early phases of the MLC and which is inhibited in the presence of TGF-beta, appears to have an important regulatory role, as altering the levels of TNF-alpha in an MLC can significantly influence CTL development. The inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on the MLC can be significantly reversed by the addition of rMuTNF-alpha to the cultures. These results demonstrate that TGF beta can inhibit MLC and subsequent CTL generation at early stages of the reaction, and such inhibition may involve the suppression of TNF-alpha production. PMID- 3498794 TI - [Vascular electric thrombosis as a method of treatment for varicose veins]. PMID- 3498795 TI - Dynamics of the ganglion cell response in the catfish and frog retinas. AB - Responses were evoked from ganglion cells in catfish and frog retinas by a Gaussian modulation of the mean luminance. An algorithm was devised to decompose intracellularly recorded responses into the slow and spike components and to extract the time of occurrence of a spike discharge. The dynamics of both signals were analyzed in terms of a series of first-through third-order kernels obtained by cross-correlating the slow (analog) or spike (discrete or point process) signals against the white-noise input. We found that, in the catfish, (a) the slow signals were composed mostly of postsynaptic potentials, (b) their linear components reflected the dynamics found in bipolar cells or in the linear response component of type-N (sustained) amacrine cells, and (c) their nonlinear components were similar to those found in either type-N or type-C (transient) amacrine cells. A comparison of the dynamics of slow and spike signals showed that the characteristic linear and nonlinear dynamics of slow signals were encoded into a spike train, which could be recovered through the cross correlation between the white-noise input and the spike (point process signals. In addition, well-defined spike correlates could predict the observed slow potentials. In the spike discharges from frog ganglion cells, the linear (or first-order) kernels were all inhibitory, whereas the second-order kernels had characteristics of on-off transient excitation. The transient and sustained amacrine cells similar to those found in catfish retina were the sources of the nonlinear excitation. We conclude that bipolar cells and possibly the linear part of the type-N cell response are the source of linear, either excitatory or inhibitory, components of the ganglion cell responses, whereas amacrine cells are the source of the cells' static nonlinearity. PMID- 3498796 TI - beta-Lactamase production by intestinal spirochaetes. AB - beta-Lactamase production was demonstrated in four of nineteen strains of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from human subjects. The enzyme was preferentially active against penicillins and was inhibited by clavulanic acid; it was membrane bound and non-inducible. No plasmids were detected in the intestinal spirochaetes and the beta-lactamase-production characteristic was not transferable to non-producing strains. PMID- 3498797 TI - [Congenital stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode (5 cases in 2 families)]. AB - The authors report 5 cases of congenital hydrocephalus due to isolated stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius. In the first three cases (2 brothers and 1 sister) ventriculograms showed apparent obstruction of the aqueduct. A valve shunting was necessary at 1 month of age in cases 1 and 2, at 3 years of age in case 3. In cases 4 and 5 (1 brother and 1 sister) ultrasonic prenatal diagnosis showed ventriculomegaly and pregnancies were interrupted respectively at 31 and 28 weeks of gestational age. The pedigree of the families suggests that the inheritance of this abnormality is autosomal recessive. Such an inheritance is very unusual and confirms the difficulty of genetic counseling facing the first occurrence of hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius in a family. The prenatal diagnosis is based on fetal ultrasonic examination and may be obtained late in the pregnancy leading to therapeutic and ethical tricky decisions. PMID- 3498799 TI - Pain produced by spinal cord stimulation in a patient with allodynia and pseudo tabes. PMID- 3498798 TI - Lead-dependent deposits in diverse synaptic vesicles: suggestive evidence for the presence of anionic binding sites. AB - We have observed electron dense deposits dependent on incubation of aldehyde fixed tissues with lead ions within synaptic vesicles of several types of neurons that differ in the neurotransmitters utilized and in the secretory granules of the adrenal medulla. Evidently, vesicle components that can interact with lead ions are widespread. A plausible explanation for the occurrence of the deposits is the presence of anionic binding sites within the vesicles. This would agree well with other biochemical, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical evidence, such as that indicating the presence of sulfated macromolecules in certain synaptic vesicles. Anionic binding sites could play significant roles by participating in processes such as Ca2+ storage, stabilization of pH gradients, or the control of osmotic phenomena. PMID- 3498800 TI - Long-term noninvasive single photon emission computed tomography monitoring of perfusional changes after EC-IC bypass surgery. AB - The rCBF was evaluated using I-123 HIPDM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on 14 patients undergoing extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery because of internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Before surgery, all patients showed cortical areas of hypoperfusion over the affected cerebral hemisphere. Shortly after EC-IC bypass a rCBF increase was observed in six patients. However, at the 6 and 12 month follow-ups, with angiographic control of bypass patency, rCBF studies did not show any significant rCBF change. Long-term noninvasive tomographic monitoring of perfusion changes occurring after EC-IC bypass surgery failed to show a long-lasting improvement in perfusion. PMID- 3498801 TI - Functional and morphological abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparison of interictal and ictal EEG, CT, MRI, SPECT and PET. AB - Ten patients suffering from drug-resistant complex partial seizures, with EEG abnormalities in the temporal region, were studied by means of non-invasive electrophysiological techniques (video-monitored, 16-channel, prolonged surface and sphenoidal EEG) as well as by imaging techniques (CT, MRI, SPECT and PET). Analysis of interictal and ictal EEG indicated the localization of epileptic activity in one side in eight cases. CT demonstrated focal abnormalities in three, SPECT in five unequivocally (in another four questionably, with the same lateralization as indicated by PET), MRI in eight, and PET in all cases. While only EEG provided specific diagnostic information, the focus definition was consistently good on PET images, poor on CT scans, and generally good but less consistent on MRI. PMID- 3498802 TI - Major histocompatibility antigens and lymphocyte subsets during experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat. AB - Major histocompatibility antigens were identified in frozen sections of normal Lewis rat peripheral nerve tissue with monoclonal antibodies and an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex system. Class I antigen is normally required for cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte function and class II antigen for activation of helper T lymphocytes. In the sciatic nerves class I antigen was expressed diffusely by most endoneurial and perineurial cells but class II antigen only by a minority. In the cauda equina class I antigen was expressed by all arachnoid and some endoneurial cells, while class II antigen was expressed by a smaller proportion of arachnoid cells in the endoneurium of spinal roots and interstitial cells surrounding dorsal root ganglion neurons. The endothelium of endoneurial, perineurial and meningeal vessels uniformly expressed class I but not class II antigen. Experimental allergic neuritis was induced in Lewis rats by immunisation with bovine intradural root myelin. Early lesions consisted of multifocal infiltration of the nerve roots by cells expressing leucocyte common antigen. Surrounding endoneurial cells showed markedly increased expression of major histocompatibility antigens. In inflammatory lesions about 10% of the cells were stained with pan T cell antibodies. T lymphocyte subsets were identified with antibody W3/25 for helper cells and MRC OX-8 for cytotoxic/suppressor cells. The W3/25 positive cells were usually slightly in excess of OX-8 positive cells and their relative proportions did not alter during the disease. The presence of class I antigen on normal endothelium and its increased expression on endoneurial cells in the early phase of inflammation suggest an important role for class I restricted lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the early stages of experimental allergic neuritis. PMID- 3498803 TI - Cerebral blood flow in thalamic aphasia. AB - A 59-year-old man is reported, who became aphasic after left thalamic infarction, shown by CT. His speech was fluent, with reduced voice volume, impaired auditory and reading comprehension, verbal paraphasias but intact repetition skills. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan to measure regional cerebral flow (rCBF) showed a reduction of flow in the parietotemporal areas of the left hemisphere. It is suggested that thalamic aphasia could result from structural subcortical damage with a homolateral functional cortical deficit leading to the specific aphasic disturbance. PMID- 3498804 TI - High density avalanche chamber (HIDAC) positron camera. AB - A prototype positron camera has been constructed consisting of two high density avalanche chamber (HIDAC) detectors operated in coincidence with a resolving time (2 tau) of 40 nsec. The detectors are multiwire chambers, with specially constructed lead converters added to improve the photon detection efficiency at 511 keV. The current HIDAC detectors have a singles efficiency of approximately 12%, a sensitive area of 31 X 31 cm and an intrinsic spatial resolution of less than 2 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM). During data acquisition, the detectors are rotated around the patient in order to collect a complete angular data set. A three-dimensional image of the positron distribution is reconstructed from a single scan by weighted backprojection of the data into a matrix of either 64 X 64 X 64 or 128 X 128 X 16 voxels. The camera point response function is deconvolved by frequency-space filtering. Corrections are made during backprojection both for photon attenuation and for spatial variations in point source sensitivity. The reconstructed image is further corrected for contributions from accidental and scattered coincidences and displayed as a sequence of two-dimensional transverse, sagittal, or coronal sections. In addition, three-dimensional display is available using shaded graphics techniques. The prototype camera is currently undergoing clinical evaluation. PMID- 3498805 TI - Nonisotropic attenuation in SPECT: phantom tests of quantitative effects and compensation techniques. AB - A quantitative study of nonisotropic attenuation in SPECT imaging is presented. The study includes a case where the spatial distribution of the attenuation coefficient is nonuniform, as well as a case where the photon path length in the attenuating medium is variable as a function of direction. The effects are studied using phantoms with known source activity and density distributions. Reconstructed images of the phantoms with and without attenuation compensation are compared with the source distribution. Three methods are used to provide partial attenuation compensation, using effective attenuation coefficients. These coefficients include some of the effects of photon scatter, but scatter is not explicitly treated. One attenuation compensation method involves a multiplicative postprocessing correction using an assumed constant attenuation coefficient. A modification of this technique is implemented using the correct nonuniform attenuation map to determine the multiplication factors. A single-iteration technique is used to provide a more complete compensation. The results indicate that nonuniform attenuation can produce significant distortion in line spread functions and in larger distributed sources. This distortion can alter volume determinations, quantitation measurements, and the shape of small objects, and can cause misplacement of counts into regions of low density. The distortion cannot be eliminated by the multiplicative postprocessing correction, but the single-iteration technique can significantly decrease the distortion. PMID- 3498806 TI - Measurement of collimator hole angulation and camera head tilt for slant and parallel hole collimators used in SPECT. AB - Collimator hole angulation was measured at 16 locations in three collimators used in SPECT. The parallel hole collimator measured -0.1 +/- -0.1 s.d. degrees in the X and -0.2 +/- 0.1 s.d. degrees in the Y direction. One 30 degree nominal slant hole collimator revealed a 0.1 +/- 0.3 s.d. degrees angulation in X and 26.5 +/- 1.1 s.d. degrees angulation in Y, which was unacceptable. The replacement collimator measured 0.0 +/- 0.1 s.d. degrees in X and 29.6 +/- 0.2 s.d. degrees in Y. Determination of collimator hole angulation is recommended as an acceptance test for SPECT systems. The net angle of tilt with respect to the orthogonal resulting from a particular collimator and camera head tilt was determined from summed projection images over 360 degrees of a point source placed off the axis of rotation. These measurements were sensitive within a 0.5 degree tilt angle. The method is suggested as a routine quality control procedure to optimize camera head tilt to a particular collimator. It may also reveal unexpected mechanical misalignments in the camera gantry. PMID- 3498807 TI - Anti-antibody enhancement of iodine-131 anti-CEA radioimmunodetection in experimental and clinical studies. AB - Imaging of tumors with radiolabeled antibodies, especially when located in the blood-rich visceral organs, may be improved through administration of a second antibody directed against the primary tumor-associated antibody. In hamsters bearing a human colonic carcinoma xenograft producing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), we injected donkey anti-goat IgG 24 hr after administration of 131I labeled goat anti-CEA IgG and achieved enhanced tumor imaging 24-48 hr later, with a significant relative decrease of radioactivity in blood and all major organs except the spleen. In seven of nine patients, this method of anti-antibody clearance of nontargeted radioactive murine monoclonal antibodies revealed sites of cancer, including liver metastases. Characterization of radioactivity in the plasma before and after administration of the second antibody confirmed that complexes were quickly formed between primary and secondary antibodies, and imaging of the patients revealed a rapid uptake of radioactivity in the liver at 2 hr that dissipated within 24 hr. Radioactivity in the spleen gradually increased over time. The method of anti-antibody immunological enhancement of cancer imaging is feasible and may reveal tumor sites missed by conventional imaging. PMID- 3498808 TI - Cytologic examination of the nasal mucosa in formaldehyde-exposed workers. AB - A cross-sectional study of 80 individuals at three locations was undertaken to evaluate the health effects of long-term exposure to formaldehyde in a phenol formaldehyde impregnating process and to develop a useful protocol for health surveillance of formaldehyde-exposed workers. Results of physical examinations showed a statistically significant prevalence of mucosal irritation in formaldehyde-exposed workers, particularly those with recent exposure. Cytologic examination of exfoliated nasal cells showed atypical squamous metaplasia, which was found to be a function of age. There was no statistical relationship to formaldehyde exposure. PMID- 3498809 TI - Isolated asymptomatic microhematuria: a cross-sectional analysis of test-positive and test-negative patients. AB - The relationship of asymptomatic microhematuria to urologic disease in a general population was studied by using population-based data resources in Rochester, Minnesota, to identify 635 patients with isolated asymptomatic microhematuria (AMs) and 635 controls. Prevalences of minor urologic diseases were 41.8% in those with positive tests (AMs) and 36.9% in controls (p greater than 0.05). Moderately serious urologic diseases were found in 16.7% of AMs and 9.2% of controls (p = 0.006); significant differences were found only for renal calculi and various causes of increased serum creatinine. Urologic cancers were found in 1.2% of AMs and 0.2% of controls (p = 0.04), but only prostatic carcinoma was found in a significantly higher percentage of those with positive tests (p = 0.047). Urologic cancers were found in 3.6% of test-positive patients with greater than 8 RBC/high-power field vs. 0.5% of those with 1-8 RBC/high-power field and 0.2% of controls (p greater than 0.05). The predictive value of low grade isolated asymptomatic microhematuria is too low to be of value in screening for urologic cancers in unselected patients, and only certain moderately serious urologic diseases and prostatic cancer were more frequent in patients who had asymptomatic microhematuria than in controls. PMID- 3498810 TI - Osteocalcin levels in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 3498811 TI - Isolation of a stable clone of the ameboid-adherent (AA) variant of Trichomonas vaginalis. PMID- 3498812 TI - Hypertonicity of intestinal smooth muscle as a factor of intestinal ischemia in necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is thought to be secondary to mucosal ischemia. Because blood flow to the submucosal plexus is derived from vessels traversing three separate layers of visceral smooth muscle (longitudinal, circular, and muscularis mucosa), we investigated whether an increase in their tone might elicit mucosal ischemia. The intestinal intraluminal pressure (IIP) and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow were evaluated in 23 dogs before and after either ligation of the SMA or neostigmine infusion into the SMA. Changes in vascularity were assessed by silicone rubber casting, India ink, or arteriography. Ten minutes after ligation of the SMA, there was a considerable increase in peristalsis, IIP, and inability to fill the intestinal microcirculation by the three methods described. Mucosal necrosis was present three hours later. In the neostigmine infusion group after a transient increase in mesenteric flow, the IIP rose 750%, while the mesenteric flow fell by 40%, mucosal necrosis occurred in one hour. When myotomy was performed on the antimesenteric border, mucosal necrosis was prevented. In a third group, neostigmine infused (femoral artery) in the hind limb demonstrated vasodilating effects. The data indicate that an increase in the myogenic tone and frequency of contraction of intestinal smooth muscle can produce mucosal ischemia, thus, intestinal hypertonicity may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of intestinal ischemia and possibly NEC. The effects of neostigmine in these experiments raise questions regarding its use during anesthesia in neonates with intestinal low flow states. PMID- 3498813 TI - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR4. Positive association with rapidly progressing periodontitis. AB - The relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) determinants and periodontitis has been examined by several authors without showing any particular pattern. However, no study has investigated the HLA-D determinants, which are generally associated with immune disorders, and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). The HLA profile of 10 RPP patients was compared with that of a healthy control population (n = 120). Although no significant difference was found for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C, HLA-DR4 of the HLA-D group was found in 80% of patients but only in 38.3% of controls. A high frequency of HLA-DR4 has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This finding may be significant in light of previous reports highlighting similarities between RA and periodontal disease. PMID- 3498814 TI - Protective effects of bepridil on calcium injury of anoxic myocytes isolated from adult rat heart ventricular muscle. AB - Cardiac myocytes allowed to recover after the isolation procedure in a well oxygenated medium were resistant to an extracellular Ca++ concentration of 1.5 mM. At least 90% of the isolated myocytes maintained their initial rod-shaped form after a 1-hr incubation, as well as 85% of their ATP and a low cellular content of calcium. At concentrations less than 10(-5) M, bepridil had no effect on these cells. On the other hand, when the myocytes were incubated in anaerobic conditions, 1.5 mM Ca++ was deleterious: the number of viable cells decreased by about 50%, ATP levels were lowered by 70% and the total cell calcium content increased by more than 100%. Bepridil had a biphasic effect on anaerobic cells. At concentrations below 10(7) M, the drug had a beneficial action. It restored cell viability and cellular ATP to 77 and 100% when compared to their respective level in the absence of Ca++. However, at concentrations higher than 10(-6) M, bepridil decreased the number of viable cells as well as their ATP content. At optimal concentrations, bepridil lowered the cellular calcium to its level in aerobic conditions. Without calcium addition, anoxic cells accumulated Na+ and lost K+. Calcium addition decreased Na+ accumulation by 68% and prevented the loss of K+. The Na+ and K+ content of the cells were not affected by bepridil. However, it is noteworthy that, at 10(-4) M, bepridil decreased dramatically the potassium content of the cells. In aerobic conditions, the calcium resistance of isolated ventricular myocytes may still be enhanced by Fluozol, a fluorocarbon compound which increases oxygen solubility in water. PMID- 3498815 TI - 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine: studies on the mechanism of action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. AB - Two analogs of the nigrostriatal neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were examined for their deleterious effects on nigrostriatal neurons. 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-4-(methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine (TMMP), but not 1-methyl-4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)-4-piperidinol, caused persistent depletion of striatal dopamine and induced histologic evidence of nerve terminal degeneration in mice. These findings differ diametrically from results previously reported for the two analogs. TMMP produced larger dopamine depletions than MPTP when the two drugs were given in equivalent doses. Further experiments demonstrated that TMMP is preferentially oxidized by mouse brain monoamine oxidase B to a water-soluble compound, most likely the pyridinium ion species. Prior treatment of mice with either the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline or the dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion blocked the ability of TMMP to deplete striatal dopamine. Thus, the pharmacologic profile of TMMP closely resembles that of MPTP. That TMMP and MPTP induce dopamine depletions by a similar mechanism tends to support the proposed neurochemical sequence of events thought to lead to the expression of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. The authors' observations provide further evidence that MPTP is not unique in its capability to damage nigrostriatal neurons. PMID- 3498816 TI - Neurochemical and behavioral effects of corticotropin-releasing factor in the ventral tegmental area of the rat. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is thought to have a neurotransmitter function in the mammalian central nervous system. The release of CRF into the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system in response to stress is known, and it has been suggested that CRF may function elsewhere in the central nervous system to promote stress-induced physiological and behavioral changes. Acute stress has been shown to activate dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that project to the prefrontal cortex. To determine whether CRF may act in the VTA to activate the mesocortical or mesolimbic DA systems, it was injected into the VTA of rats, and changes in spontaneous motor behavior and DA metabolism were measured. Intra-VTA injection of CRF produced a dose-dependent increase in horizontal and vertical photocell counts with a minimal effective dose of 0.01 and 0.1 nmol, respectively. In contrast, the minimal effective dose for CRF stimulated motor behavior after injection into the lateral ventricles was 0.3 nmol for horizontal activity. Furthermore, in the open field, the behavioral profile of CRF (0.3 nmol) given intra-VTA differed from that observed after intraventricular injection. The motor stimulant effect of intra-VTA CRF was not blocked by pretreatment with the DA receptor antagonist haloperidol. After intra VTA injection, CRF produced a dose-dependent decrease in DA metabolism in the prefrontal cortex. The decrease in DA metabolism in the prefrontal cortex was present at 30 and 60 min but not at 120 min after injection, and in the nucleus accumbens DA metabolism was increased only at 60 min after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498817 TI - Comparison of in vitro actions with behavioral effects of antimuscarinic agents. AB - In vitro potencies of a series of muscarinic antagonists were compared with their effects on operant behavior. Ki values for inhibition of [3H]N-methylscopolamine binding in N4TG1 neuroblastoma cells correlated positively with ED50 values for the inhibition of carbachol-induced alpha-amylase release from pancreatic acini cells and with KB values for inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum. The rank order of potency for inhibition of [3H]N methylscopolamine binding was quinuclidinyl benzilate = quinuclidinyl xanthene-9 carboxylate greater than (methyl atropine = atropine) greater than benactyzine greater than azaprophen greater than (adiphenine = aprophen) greater than pirenzepine greater than ethyl aprophen. The M1 antagonist, pirenzepine, was a weak inhibitor in the guinea pig ileum and alpha-amylase assays relative to its ability to inhibit [3H]N-methylscopolamine binding; azaprophen exhibited the opposite relationship. Lever-press responses of rats were maintained by food delivery under a schedule requiring 10 responses for each food presentation. The high response rates engendered by this schedule were decreased in a dose dependent manner by all compounds. The order of potency for this behavioral effect (ED50) was atropine = azaprophen greater than aprophen greater than (methyl atropine = benactyzine) greater than pirenzepine greater than adiphenine. Behavioral depressant actions of the antimuscarinics correlated positively with their potencies in inhibiting alpha-amylase secretion. Pirenzepine was unique in being relatively more potent in its behavioral effects than in its actions in vitro. In contrast to the other antimuscarinic agents studied, the benzilates, benactyzine, aprophen and adiphenine, but not azaprophen, increased behavioral response rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498818 TI - Mitochondrial and metabolic toxicity of 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine. AB - In previous studies and in the accompanying paper, 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl) 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'CH3-MPTP) was found to be more potent than MPTP in producing dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. One purpose of the present study was to determine whether 1-methyl-4-(2'-methylphenyl)pyridinium (2'CH3-MPP+), the primary oxidation product of 2'CH3-MPTP both in vivo and in vitro, inhibits mitochondrial respiration as does 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the primary oxidation product of MPTP. Another aim was to determine whether treatments which modify MPTP- and 2'CH3-MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vivo also cause parallel changes in the metabolic toxicity of these compounds. It was found that 2'CH3 MPP+, like MPP+, inhibited the oxidation of NAD(H)-linked substrates by isolated brain mitochondria in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, whereas succinate oxidation was not affected. Thus, the effect was on Complex I in the electron transport chain. Furthermore, 2'CH3-MPP+, like MPP+, enhanced lactate formation by neostriatal tissue slices as would be expected if Complex respiration were inhibited. MPP+ was slightly more potent than 2'CH3-MPP+ in both of these studies. However, 2'CH3-MPTP was several-fold more potent than MPTP in increasing lactate accumulation by the neostriatal slices. This difference in potency correlated with the differing capacities of 2'CH3-MPTP and MPTP to be oxidized by monoamine oxidase (MAO).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3498819 TI - Effect of chloride ions on giant miniature end-plate potentials at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. Frog sartorius muscles were incubated in Ringer solutions with a raised K+ concentration (high K+) and then allowed to recover in medium with a normal K+ concentration. During the recovery period miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) were recorded with intracellular electrodes. In addition, the acetylcholine (ACh) released from muscles in the presence of high K+ was measured by a mass spectrometric method. 2. Incubation in a high-K+ medium induced the appearance of giant miniature end-plate potentials (g.m.e.p.p.s). However, if the Cl- of the medium was substituted by propionate, very few g.m.e.p.p.s were observed. This was due to the absence of Cl- and not to the presence of propionate. The frequency of g.m.e.p.p.s was also greatly depressed when the Cl- concentration was lowered from 120 to 60 mM. 3. The amount of ACh released into a high-K+ medium was the same, regardless of whether Cl- or propionate was the anion. 4. When Cl- was replaced by NO3- or Br-, incubation in high-K+ Ringer solution induced the appearance of g.m.e.p.p.s. However, SO4(2-), like propionate, was unable to substitute for Cl- in this respect. 5. The frequency of g.m.e.p.p.s was correlated with that of m.e.p.p.s during the recovery period. However, when the K+ concentration was raised to 17 mM the frequency of m.e.p.p.s greatly increased, whereas that of the g.m.e.p.p.s did not change significantly. 6. G.m.e.p.p.s disappeared in the presence of curare, but persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin or in a Ca2+-lacking medium. However, g.m.e.p.p.s failed to appear when the medium had lacked Ca2+ during the stimulation. 7. It is tentatively concluded that g.m.e.p.p.s are associated with Cl--dependent processes which occur after stimulation of transmitter release, and which are linked with the endocytotic retrieval of presynaptic membrane. PMID- 3498821 TI - Effects of hypertonic solutions on calcium transients in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - 1. The effects of hypertonic solutions on excitation-contraction (e.-c.) coupling in frog skeletal muscle fibres were investigated using Arsenazo III to monitor intracellular calcium transients in voltage-clamped fibres. 2. In solutions made hypertonic with sucrose or sodium chloride, the size of the Arsenazo signal evoked by a 5 ms depolarization to 0 mV was little altered by increases in tonicity up to about twice normal, but declined in higher tonicities, and was almost completely suppressed at 4 times normal tonicity. 3. The latency to onset of the Arsenazo signal was increased in hypertonic solutions (2.3 and 3.1 times normal tonicity), but the decay time constant of the signal was little changed with tonicities up to 2.3 times normal. 4. The rheobase potential for a just detectable Arsenazo signal was shifted about 4 mV more negative by increases in tonicity up to 2.3 times normal, but further increases reversed the direction of the shift, and in 3.95 times normal tonicity the rheobase was 10 mV more positive than in normal Ringer solution. 5. With short (less than 10 ms) pulse durations the depolarization needed to elicit a threshold Arsenazo signal increased steeply with increasing tonicity. Changes in the strength-duration curve could be accounted for by an increase in the time constant for build-up of a hypothetical coupler in the e.-c. coupling process. 6. Solutions of about twice normal tonicity are commonly used to suppress muscle contraction. Since the size of the Arsenazo signal was only slightly reduced by this tonicity, the main effect is presumably on the contractile proteins. PMID- 3498820 TI - Effects of caffeine on intracellular calcium concentrations in frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - 1. The mechanism of twitch potentiation by caffeine was studied in single muscle fibres dissected from m. tibialis anterior of Rana temporaria. Fibres were injected with a Ca2+-sensitive photo-protein, aequorin, and the resultant light signal and tension were simultaneously recorded. 2. In twitch responses triggered every 60 s, peaks of light and tension were maintained at a constant level. Low concentrations of caffeine (0.2-0.4 mM) potentiated twitch tension accompanied by a slight increase in light signal. 3. Although peak twitch tension was dose dependently potentiated by caffeine, light peaks were suppressed at relatively higher concentrations of caffeine (0.6-1.5 mM) with prolonged decay of the light and tension signals. 4. Light intensity in the resting muscle (resting glow) was elevated by caffeine (0.2-1.5 mM) dose-dependently without detectable tension development. This effect of caffeine was suppressed by 0.5-1.0 mM-procaine or 10 mM-adenine, inhibitors of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. 5. In caffeine-treated preparations, peaks of light and tension were augmented by application of procaine (0.5-1.0 mM). Adenine (10 mM) affected the light signal in essentially the same way as procaine, but the effect varied from fibre to fibre. 6. From these results, the following hypothesis is proposed: low concentrations of caffeine directly induce Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) in in the resting state, and facilitates Ca2+ release from s.r. induced by the action potential during twitch. At relatively higher concentrations of caffeine (0.6-1.5 mM), rise of resting [Ca2+]i (intracellular free Ca2+ concentration) before activation might be an important factor in twitch potentiation by caffeine. If the rise of resting [Ca2+]i induced by caffeine is inhibited by procaine and the content of Ca2+ in s.r. is well maintained, caffeine could facilitate Ca2+ release by depolarization and thus potentiate twitch tension. PMID- 3498822 TI - Properties of maintained sodium current induced by a toxin from Androctonus scorpion in frog node of Ranvier. AB - 1. The effects of toxin II from scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaH II) on the Na current of frog myelinated nerve fibres were analysed under voltage-clamp conditions. 2. Like other alpha-scorpion toxins and Anemonia toxin II, AaH II both increased the inactivation time constants of peak Na current and induced a non-inactivatable Na current (maintained current). 3. In the presence of AaH II, the slope of the maintained conductance-voltage curve was less steep than that corresponding to the peak conductance and the maintained current reversed at a voltage about 20 mV more negative than the peak current. 4. When the peak current was inactivated by pre-depolarizations, 'on' and 'off' relaxation kinetics of the maintained current were an exponential function whose time constant changed with voltage in a bell-shaped manner. At 0 mV, the time constant was about 10 ms. 5. The effects of AaH II could be decomposed into fast effects (increase in inactivation time constants of the peak current) which developed within about 5 s and slow effects (increase in maintained current and changes in initial amplitudes of fast and slow phases of peak current inactivation) which developed within about 30 s. 6. These two types of AaH II effects could be completely removed by conditioning depolarizations giving rise to outward currents. 7. A model is proposed in which the binding of the toxin with its receptor is modulated by membrane potential and internal cations, the appearance of the maintained current is modulated by the environment of channels and the change in inactivation time constants is modulated by membrane potential. The maintained current would correspond to the transformation of a fraction of channels into a non-inactivable (late) form. PMID- 3498824 TI - The kinetics of heat production in response to active shortening in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Tension and heat production were measured at 0 degree C in sartorius muscles from Rana temporaria in response to two extents of shortening at five velocities. Shortening was from approximately 2.4 to 2.2 microns, 2.4 to 2.3 microns and 2.3 to 2.2 micron at velocities per half-sarcomere from 0.2 to 1.56 micron s-1. 2. Tension became approximately constant at all velocities. Records of heat rate obtained by differentiating traces from which thermoelastic heat had been subtracted became negative early in shortening and then rose. Heat rate became constant during shortening only at the lowest velocity and was still rising at the end of shortening at higher velocities. The highest heat rate occurred at the end of shortening at the two highest velocities. At the end of shortening at all velocities heat rate gradually approached the isometric level measured at the short length, the half-time for decline being largest following the slowest larger shortening. 3. Heat produced as a consequence of shortening but not associated with tension recovery was determined by subtracting shortening heat measured in response to two extents of shortening to the same muscle length. The differences in shortening heat continued to increase after shortening ended, and more of the extra heat produced in response to shortening appeared after the end of rapid shortening than during shortening itself. 4. Shortening heat coefficients calculated in different ways were similar to coefficients determined in previous studies. Coefficients calculated from measurements that excluded heat produced by tension recovery and allowed for continued production of heat by processes initiated by shortening were found to increase linearly with the force maintained during shortening. 5. The results show that the kinetics of heat production during and after shortening are very sensitive to the speed of shortening and that steady rates of energy liberation are not attained during shortening of less than or equal to 10% of muscle length at velocities greater than or equal to 12% of maximum velocity. PMID- 3498823 TI - Surplus acetylcholine and acetylcholine release in the rat diaphragm. AB - 1. Skeletal muscles from rat, mouse and frog were incubated under different conditions and the amounts of acetylcholine (ACh) extractable from the tissue and released into the medium were determined by mass fragmentography. In some experiments measurements were made of the amounts of ACh ('bound' ACh) surviving in a muscle homogenate to which an excess of acetylcholinesterase had been added. In other experiments the membrane potentials, end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s), and miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) were studied. 2. During incubation in Ringer medium the ACh content of the rat hemidiaphragm usually did not change, but after inhibition of cholinesterase by soman the ACh content rose gradually from about 100 to 150 pmol to a plateau of about 400 pmol after 4 h. A similar formation of 'surplus ACh' after cholinesterase inhibition was found in the mouse diaphragm, but not in the frog sartorius muscle. 3. Surplus ACh accumulated predominantly in the end-plate region of the rat diaphragm. In muscles, 16-18 h after in vivo denervation, the capacity to form surplus ACh was decreased by more than 80%. 4. The amount of ACh diffusing from the resting hemidiaphragm into the incubation medium ('resting release') varied between 0.5 and 0.9 pmol min-1 in different experiments; it remained at the same level during accumulation of surplus ACh. It was reduced by more than 80% 16-18 h after denervation. 5. The amplitude of m.e.p.p.s and e.p.p.s did not increase while surplus ACh was accumulating. 6. Incubation of hemidiaphragms in Ringer solution containing [3H]choline caused the formation of [3H]ACh. Additional amounts of [3H]choline were incorporated into ACh when the nerve was stimulated for 60 min. However, incubation in the presence of soman (3,3-dimethyl-2 butylmethylphosphonofluoridate), in the absence of stimulation, did not cause an increase of the [3H]ACh content of the muscles. 7. From hemidiaphragms with active cholinesterase about 120 pmol ACh was lost after prolonged nerve stimulation or incubation with 50 mM-KCl in the presence of hemicholinium-3, and about 35 pmol remained in the tissue. In soman-treated muscles, containing surplus ACh, about as much ACh was released by nervous stimulation as from untreated hemidiaphragms, and much more ACh remained unreleased. 8. Transection of the muscle at both sides of the end-plate or incubation of intact muscles in the presence of 50 mM-KCl depolarized the muscle fibres to -35 and -31 mV, respectively. Surplus ACh was partially released by 50 mM-KCl, but not by muscle transection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498825 TI - Influence of chloride concentration and pH on the 36Cl efflux from depolarized skeletal muscle of Rana temporaria. AB - 1. 36Cl- efflux rates were measured in depolarized fibre bundles (predominantly fast fibres) from m. semitendinosus of Rana temporaria in order to investigate the influence of chloride concentration (20-400 mM) and external pH (pHo, 5.5 11.6) on chloride self-exchange. Usually, the bundles were depolarized to a membrane potential of virtually zero ([Cl-]i = [Cl-]o = [Cl-]) in 140 mM-K+ and 20 mM-Cl- combined with either 60 mM-SO4(2-) (+52 mM-sucrose) or 120 mM-methyl sulphate, gluconate or glucuronate. Various values of [Cl-] were obtained by adding KCl to the medium, keeping constant the concentration of relatively impermeant solutes and thus the fibre volume. 2. The chloride permeability, PCl, at pH 7.5 decreased with increasing [Cl-] above 50 mM. At [Cl-] less than 50 mM, PCl was about 4 X 10(-6) cm s-1. 3. PCl at pHo 7.5 and 5.6 was a hyperbolic function of [Cl-1] (greater than or equal to 50 mM), consistent with saturation kinetics of chloride self-exchange. 4. Methyl sulphate inhibited chloride self exchange and may enter depolarized fibre membranes slowly. Comparison of PCl estimates in SO4(2-), gluconate, and glucuronate suggested that SO4(2-) and gluconate may interfere with chloride self-exchange at low [Cl-], and that glucuronate interferes the least. 5. A change from chloride equilibrium to an inward KCl gradient increased the 36Cl- efflux rate in acid media (pH less than 6.5) and decreased the efflux rate at pHo greater than or equal to 7. The effects were not due to changes of membrane potential and demonstrate a change of transport mode consistent with single-filing at high pH and dominant exchange diffusion at low pH. This result makes interpretation of the saturation kinetics difficult. 6. At constant [Cl-], PCl showed a bell-shaped dependence on pHo with a maximum around pH 8.5. The decrease of chloride permeability as the pH is decreased below 8.5 showed an apparent pK of about 7. PCl fell at very alkaline pH with an apparent pK of about 10. 7. The results are in agreement with previous observations of an external pH-sensitive control of PCl (pK approximately 7) and suggest that, in conditions close to chloride equilibrium, this control includes a transition between a dominant conductive channel conformation at high pH and a dominant non-conductive conformation at low pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498826 TI - Effects of the calcium antagonist gallopamil (D600) upon excitation-contraction coupling in toe muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. The effects of the Ca2+ antagonist gallopamil (D600) upon force development in short skeletal muscle fibres (m. lumbricalis digiti IV) of the frog were investigated under voltage-clamp control, using two flexible internal micro electrodes (temperature = 6-7 degrees C). 2. In the presence of 5-100 microM gallopamil muscle fibres developed one normal phasic contracture when they were depolarized from a holding potential of -90 to 0 mV. Subsequent depolarizations caused no mechanical response (paralysis). However, the ability to contract could be restored by hyperpolarizing the membrane to potentials between -120 and -150 mV. 3. In the absence of gallopamil, mechanical refractoriness could be fully reversed within 5-7 s by repolarizing the fibre from 0 to -120 mV. In the presence of 100 microM-gallopamil, no detectable restoration occurred within the first minute at -120 mV, and 45 to 100% of maximum force was eventually reached after 6 min of restoration. 4. The potential V at which the 'steady state' 50% of maximum force of a refractory fibre was restored shifted from -51 mV under normal conditions to -83 and -90 mV in the presence of 5 and 100 microM-gallopamil, respectively. 5. Paralysis in the presence of gallopamil and recovery from paralysis during hyperpolarization could also be observed when 2 mM-Cd2+ was applied to the external solution, i.e. when most Ca2+ channels in the T-tubular system were blocked. 6. Gallopamil shifted the threshold for activation of force to more negative potentials. Fibres developed force when they were depolarized to membrane potentials between -60 and -80 mV, whereby a fast phase of activation was followed by a slower one. Upon repolarization relaxation likewise occurred in a fast and a slow phase. 7. High concentrations of gallopamil (greater than 500 microM) caused a slowly developing contracture, independent of membrane potential (-90 or 0 mV). 8. It is proposed that gallopamil binds to a receptor at the force controlling system in the T-tubular membrane (potential sensor) with a high affinity in the depolarized state and a lower affinity at negative potentials. Therefore association of gallopamil mainly leads to stabilization of the inactive state (paralysis) but can also stabilize the active state. PMID- 3498827 TI - The sarcomere length-tension relation determined in short segments of intact muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. Single fibres isolated from the tibialis anterior muscle of Rana temporaria were stimulated to produce a 1 s fused tetanus, while a short (ca. 0.5 mm) segment of the fibre was held at constant length. The segments were defined by opaque markers of hair that were placed on the fibre surface. The distance between two adjacent markers (one segment) was monitored by means of a photo electric recording system. The length of a given segment could be controlled to within 0.2% of the segment's length by adjusting the over-all length of the fibre by means of an electromagnetic puller and servo system. 2. Segments producing constant force (no 'tension creep') during length-clamp recording were studied at different striation spacings within the following ranges of sarcomere length: 2.20-3.70, 1.90-2.45 and 1.50-2.20 microns. The absence of tension creep suggested (Edman & Reggiani, 1984 a) that the sarcomere pattern remained stable within the length-clamped segment during contraction at different lengths. 3. The tetanic force of a given length-clamped segment was consistently found to increase, as the sarcomere length was reduced from 2.20 to 1.98-2.02 microns, the mean increase in force being 6.9 +/- 0.4% (S.E. of mean, thirty-two segments). By further decreasing the sarcomere length active force was reduced. 4. The increase in force-producing capability between 2.20 and 2.00 microns sarcomere length was further explored by recording the maximum rate of force redevelopment, dF/dtmax, after a quick release during the plateau of a fixed-end tetanus. dF/dtmax varied with sarcomere length between 2.20 and 2.00 microns in the same way as the isometric force of a short, length-clamped segment, increasing by ca. 10% over this range. This finding provides further support for the view that the fibre's capacity to produce force is not constant between 2.20 and 2.00 microns sarcomere length. 5. The descending limb of the length-tension relation extended between 2.00 and approximately 3.65 microns sarcomere length. Its middle, straight portion (between 2.30 and 3.30 microns sarcomere spacings) extrapolated to zero tension at 3.49 microns sarcomere length. The upper and lower portions of the descending limb were slightly curved (at sarcomere lengths less than 2.30 and greater than 3.30 microns, respectively) giving the descending limb a symmetrical sigmoid appearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498829 TI - Interaction between the vestibulo-collic reflex and the cervico-collic stretch reflex in the decerebrate cat. AB - 1. Interactions between the sagittal vestibulo-collic reflex (v.c.r.) and the cervico-collic stretch reflex (c.c.r.) have been studied in the neck extensor muscles biventer cervicis (b.c.) in the decerebrate cat. The v.c.r. was evoked by a 'standard' vestibular stimulus consisting of a sinusoidal nose-up, nose-down head movement of 6-8 deg amplitude at 1 Hz. The c.c.r. was evoked by sinusoidal stretching of the b.c. muscles at 1 Hz. The amplitude of muscle stretching, and its phase in relation to head movement, were systematically varied. 2. When muscle stretching was applied in phase with head movement (so that the muscles were stretched as the head moved in the nose-down direction), the gain of the combined (v.c.r. + c.c.r.) reflex in the b.c. muscles increased above that of the v.c.r. If the muscle stretching was applied out of phase with head movement (so that the muscles shortened as the head moved downward), the gain of the combined reflex was reduced to a value below that of the v.c.r. 3. The effects on the gain of the combined reflex varied in proportion to the amplitude of muscle stretching. The gain and phase of the combined reflex is modelled reasonably well by a linear vectorial addition between the v.c.r. and the c.c.r. over a wide range of amplitudes of muscle stretching. The linear summation model contains a proportionality constant K, which may represent a factor by which the two reflexes are 'calibrated' against each other. 4. If one of the b.c. muscles was held at a fixed length and the other stretched sinusoidally, the c.c.r. was evoked only in the stimulated muscle. Vestibular stimulation then summed with the c.c.r in the stimulated muscle, while on the contralateral side the reflex response was the same as that of the v.c.r. alone. It would appear therefore that the motoneurone pools of the b.c. muscles are organized as independent entities without mutually excitatory or inhibitory reflex linkages. This arrangement presumably allows flexibility in the supraspinal control of the b.c. muscles, which are often used either as synergists during sagittal head movement or as antagonists during horizontal or roll movements of the head. 5. The interaction between the v.c.r. and the c.c.r. results in an apparent 'servo-assistance' role for the muscle afferent feed-back from the b.c. muscles, amplifying or attenuating the reflex response of the muscles to a given head movement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498828 TI - Evidence supporting a role for endogenous vasopressin in fever suppression in the rat. AB - 1. Infusion of human purified interleukin-1 into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat evoked a rise in core temperature which was abolished by heating the interleukin-1. 2. When the intracerebroventricular infusion of interleukin-1 was preceded by a bilateral injection of saline into the ventral septal area, the resulting febrile response was not different from that induced by interleukin-1 alone. However, when the vasopressin V1 antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, was injected into the ventral septal area prior to interleukin-1, a fever was evoked which was significantly greater in magnitude and duration. This enhancement of fever by the V1 antagonist was dose related. 3. Injection of either saline or the V1 antagonist into the ventral septal area, in the absence of interleukin-1, did not evoke any consistent alteration in the core temperature of the rats. 4. The vasopressin V2 antagonist, d(CH2)5-D-ValVAVP, was injected into the ventral septal area to determine the effect of another vasopressin analogue on the fever evoked by interleukin-1. The V2 antagonist did not alter the time course of interleukin-1-induced fever or alter core temperature in the afebrile rat. 5. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous vasopressin, released in the ventral septal area, may be involved in limiting fever. In addition, these results indicate that the central receptor mediating the antipyretic action of vasopressin may resemble the V1 subtype of peripheral vasopressin receptor. PMID- 3498830 TI - Regulation of ion permeability in frog brain venules. Significance of calcium, cyclic nucleotides and protein kinase C. AB - 1. The effect on ionic permeability of frog brain endothelium of various second messengers was studied by a technique based on continuous recording of the electrical resistance of the venular endothelium in vivo. 2. Augmentation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells induced with the ionophores ETH 1001 and A23187 increased ion permeability significantly as reflected in the reduced electrical resistance. 3. The electrical resistance fell reversibly within 1-2 s after administration of Ca2+-activating agents. The maximal effect was a reduction to about 0.70 times the pre-experimental resistance value. The resistance decrease was similar to that induced by several inflammatory mediators (Olesen & Crone, 1986). 4. Administration of the following agents did not change the electrical wall resistance: 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, forskolin, 8-bromo-cyclic GMP, dibutyryl-cyclic GMP, sodium nitroprusside, phorbol myristate acetate (a protein kinase C stimulator). Changes in cytosolic Mg2+ did not affect permeability. 5. Ca2+ may be an important cytosolic signal in the endothelial cell, acting as an intracellular mediator for several permeability-augmenting substances. PMID- 3498832 TI - Regional variation of contrast sensitivity across the retina of the achromat: sensitivity of human rod vision. AB - 1. Detection thresholds for two-dimensional Gabor functions of varying spatial and temporal frequency were used to investigate the post-receptoral sensitivity across the retina of the typical and complete achromat. 2. Under photopic conditions there is no evidence for post-receptoral cone function at any retinal eccentricity investigated. Sensitivity saturates in a way consistent with known psychophysical and electrophysiological measures of rod saturation. This occurs in a unitary fashion across the retina. 3. Under scotopic conditions the regional fall-off in spatio-temporal sensitivity is similar for the achromat and duplex retina. This suggests that the rods in the achromat make normal neural connections. 4. Taken together this supports the contention that the typical and complete achromat is a functional rod monochromat and hence can be used to explore the sensitivity of the isolated rod post-receptoral mechanism under mesopic conditions where its sensitivity is optimal. This is where its contribution is most difficult to isolate in the duplex retina. 5. For the human rod mechanism, mesopic post-receptoral sensitivity for all spatio-temporal stimuli is optimal in the central region of the retina and falls off as a function of eccentricity. 6. For localized stimuli, peripheral spatial sensitivity is reduced evenly at all spatial frequencies compared with that of the central retina. A similar displacement of the spatial sensitivity function of the rod mechanism occurs as illuminance is reduced. 7. For localized stimuli, temporal acuity of the rod mechanism is around 20-25 Hz irrespective of retinal position. As the illuminance is further lowered dynamics of the rod pathway are reduced irrespective of retinal position and the sensitivity function maintains a bandpass shape. 8. The regional distribution sensitivity of the rod mechanism changes as illuminance is reduced from mesopic to scotopic levels. PMID- 3498831 TI - Effect of albumin on the osmotic pressure exerted by myoglobin across capillary walls in frog mesentery. AB - 1. Individual capillaries in mesenteries of pithed frogs were perfused sequentially with two frog Ringer solutions containing myoglobin at a concentration of 70 mg/ml. The first perfusate solution contained bovine serum albumin at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. The second perfusate contained no albumin. The modified Landis micro-occlusion technique (Michel, Mason, Curry & Tooke, 1974) was used to measure the capillary hydraulic conductivity and the effective osmotic pressure of the myoglobin solution across the capillary wall under conditions where the transcapillary concentration difference was established by steady-state ultrafiltration. 2. In six capillaries the effective osmotic pressure of the myoglobin solution at 20-22 degrees C was 15.9 +/- 2.2 (S.E. of mean) cmH2O when albumin was in the perfusate and 10.1 +/- 1.1 cmH2O after albumin was removed from the perfusate. 3. The hydraulic conductivity of the capillary wall increased from a mean value of 6.5 +/- 1.4 X 10(-7) cm/(s cmH2O) when albumin was in the perfusate to 15.6 +/- 3.8 X 10(-7) cm/(s cmH2O) during perfusion with Ringer solution containing myoglobin alone. 4. Control experiments to measure steady-state filtration rates at pressures 10-30 cmH2O were carried out to check the assumption in the method that the reduction in the measured osmotic pressure of myoglobin was the result of changes in the properties of the molecular sieve within the capillary wall and was not simply the result of solute accumulation on the tissue side of the capillary wall. 5. The measured reduction in the effective osmotic pressure of myoglobin when albumin was removed from the perfusate does not conform to the hypothesis (Crone, 1984) that the tight segment of the intercellular junction is the principal molecular filter for myoglobin in the wall of frog mesenteric capillaries. 6. Our results do conform to the hypothesis that a network of fibrous molecules, reinforced by adsorbed albumin, forms the principal molecular filter at the capillary wall in frog mesenteric capillaries. PMID- 3498833 TI - Steady-state fluid filtration at different capillary pressures in perfused frog mesenteric capillaries. AB - 1. The theory of steady-state filtration through capillary walls (Michel, 1984) has been developed and investigated in experiments on single capillaries of the frog mesentery perfused with Ringer solutions containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Ficoll 70. 2. In each experiment, the micro-occlusion technique of Michel, Mason, Curry, Tooke & Hunter (1974) has been used to investigate the relation between fluid movements per unit area of capillary wall (Jv/A) and capillary pressure (Pc) under two sets of conditions in the same vessel. First, the relation has been determined following brief perfusions, where the difference in oncotic pressure across the capillary wall approximated to the perfusate oncotic pressure at all values of Pc. These results are referred to as the transient data. Secondly, the relation was investigated by estimating Jv/A at values of Pc which had been maintained constant during at least 2 min of perfusion prior to the measurement. Under these conditions the concentration of macromolecules in the pericapillary fluid was determined by the steady-state composition of the filtrate passing through the capillary wall, and these results are referred to as steady-state data. 3. In all fifteen capillaries investigated, the relationship between Jv/A and Pc was linear for the transient data and conspicuously non-linear in the steady state. When Pc exceeded the oncotic pressure of the perfusate, steady-state values for Jv/A lay slightly above but parallel to the transient values for the same vessel. At values of Pc less than the perfusate oncotic pressure, the transient data showed reabsorption of fluid from the tissues, but in the steady state either fluid movements were so small as to be undetected or slight filtration was observed. The steady-state data followed the pattern predicted by theory. 4. The transient data were used to estimate the reflection coefficient of the capillary wall (sigma) to the macromolecular solute. In seven vessels, the mean sigma to BSA was 0.76 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.04) and in eight different vessels mean sigma to Ficoll 70 in the presence of BSA (10 mg ml-1) was 0.98 (S.E. of mean +/- 0.05). The steady-state data were consistent with the prediction that the oncotic pressure opposing high filtration rates approximates to sigma 2 pi c in the steady state, where pi c is the perfusate oncotic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498834 TI - The half-life of endothelium-derived relaxing factor released from bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture. AB - 1. The half-life of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in Krebs solution was determined by bioassay in vitro. 2. A column of bovine aortic endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads in suspension culture was perfused with Krebs solution. EDRF was released from these cells by sequential treatment with increasing concentrations of bradykinin (0.01-100 nM). EDRF was detected by the relaxation of an endothelium-denuded ring segment of dog coronary artery. 3. Complete bradykinin concentration-relaxation curves were determined in the absence or presence of coils of tubing that increased the transit time (delay) between the cell column and the assay tissue. An estimate of the falls in concentration, and hence of the half-life of EDRF, was obtained from the shift of the bradykinin concentration-relaxation curves. 4. Mass-action equations were used to model the relationship between the indirectly acting agonist bradykinin and the relaxation via EDRF. The modelling adequately predicted the consequences of different transit delay times (0-4 half-lives). 5. This new analysis of half life of an active intermediate emphasizes the measurement of changes in concentration with increasing transit time rather than a fall in tissue response. 6. The half-life of EDRF in Krebs solution is 41 s. PMID- 3498835 TI - Gastro-intestinal bleeding from small bowel leiomyomata. PMID- 3498836 TI - Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage associated with intrapancreatic aneurysm. PMID- 3498837 TI - Uncontrollable intraabdominal hemorrhage treated with packing and use of a MAST suit. PMID- 3498838 TI - Current research and future directions in rehabilitation. Proceedings of a Conference on Arthritis Rehabilitation Research. Charlottesville, Virginia, July 13-16, 1986. PMID- 3498839 TI - The historical and conceptual framework for functional assessment in rheumatic disease. AB - Over the past 300 years the classification of disease has changed in accordance with the dominant concept of its nature. Disease is now viewed as both a biological and social phenomenon and assessment of function is becoming increasingly important. Instruments have been developed to measure function and health status. Although they all have limitations, they provide valuable tools for the clinician to evaluate treatment effects on the quality of life of his patient. PMID- 3498840 TI - Therapeutic exercise in the management of rheumatic diseases. AB - In spite of the wide use of therapeutic exercise in the management of musculoskeletal diseases such as chronic arthritis, there are few controlled studies that establish its effectiveness. Only active contraction can increase muscle strength. Exercises in the horizontal plane or of limbs supported by the buoyancy of water can be carried out with relative ease by people with weak muscles or painful joints. The benefits of exercise programs can be classified as improving general fitness, increasing joint mobility and reconditioning. Whether the large amount of money currently being spent on exercise programs is truly cost-effective is an important question relating to health policy that requires an answer. PMID- 3498841 TI - Methodological considerations in functional assessment. AB - A large number of functional status assessments are currently available. Choosing among them can be difficult. Instruments vary widely in their content, detail of questions, type of scale and length of administration. In addition, some have undergone more extensive testing for reliability and validity than others. We have developed a checklist to compare and evaluate the usefulness of such instruments. PMID- 3498842 TI - Interactions between calciotropic hormones. AB - The metatarsal cytochemical bioassay (CBA) for parathyroid hormone (PTH) was adapted to study interactions between PTH and certain vitamin D metabolites. Thus, while they had no effect in the system alone, both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 caused a dose-dependent potentiation of PTH-stimulated glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of the rat metatarsal. 1,25(OH)2D3 was about 1000 times more potent than 25(OH)D3. Specificity is indicated by the lack of a similar effect when either oestradiol or 1,24,25(OH)3D3 or a lactone derivative of 1,25(OH)2D3 was used. Furthermore, the rapidity of the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3, within 8 minutes, favours a membranophilic mechanism rather than the conventional nuclear mechanism of steroid hormone action. PMID- 3498843 TI - X-ray study of myosin heads in contracting frog skeletal muscle. AB - Using synchrotron radiation, the behaviour of the diffuse X-ray scatter was investigated in the relaxed and active phases of auxotonic and isometric contractions. Muscles were stimulated tetanically for 0.75 of a second, leaving intervals of three minutes between successive contractions. In isometric contractions the scatter is very asymmetric, which means that the myosin heads have a strongly preferred orientation. During tension rise the scatter expands in the meridional direction and contracts in the equatorial direction, the maximal local intensity change being about 20%. The shape change indicates that on average the myosin heads become oriented more perpendicularly to the fibre axis. The distribution of orientations at peak tension is quite different from that we found previously in X-ray scattering data from rigor muscles. In auxotonic contractions where muscles shorten against an increasing tension the scatter is practically circularly symmetrical. This suggests that during shortening the myosin heads go evenly through a wide range of orientations. It is concluded that the results from both the auxotonic and isometric experiments provide strong support for the rotating myosin head model. In isometric contractions the transition between the relaxed phase and peak tension is accompanied by an overall increase in scattering intensity of about 10%: this corresponds to a relative increase in the fraction of disordered myosin heads by almost 30%. PMID- 3498844 TI - Isolation and reassembly of bacteriophage T4 core proteins. AB - The products of genes 22, 67 and 68, and the internal proteins IPI, IPII and IPIII, as components of the scaffolding core of the bacteriophage T4 prohead, have been isolated and purified by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Under conditions promoting reassembly in vitro, the proteins associated into elongated particles of practically constant width but variable length that we have called polycores. Preliminary optical diffraction experiments indicate that polycores may have an ordered structure, possibly helical, as has been suggested for the polyhead core. The coassembly of core proteins and the purified shell protein gp23 results in the formation of core-containing polyheads. Occasionally, prolate core-like particles have been observed but their reproducible formation has not been attained. Attempts to investigate the role of the minor prohead component gp20 in core assembly have been made through the cloning of the corresponding gene in an expression vector and subsequent purification of the protein. PMID- 3498846 TI - Availability of 5-HTP in duodenal interstitial fluid of sheep and dogs. PMID- 3498845 TI - Gene amplification mechanism for the hyperproduction of T4 bacteriophage gene 17 and 18 proteins. AB - Bacteriophage T4 mutants hyperproducing gene 17 protein (Hp17) have been isolated at high frequency by growing gene 17 amber mutants on ochre suppressor strains of Escherichia coli. Most mutants showed the co-hyperproduction of gene 18 protein, although one anomalous mutant hyperproduced a 60,000 Mr partial polypeptide of gene 18. Hybridization of T4 late RNAs to cloned plasmid DNA containing genes 17, 18 or control T4 genes revealed that approximately five times more gene 17 mRNA and two to three times more gene 18 mRNA were synthesized in the Hp17 mutant infections. DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that Hp17 mutant DNA contained two to three times more copies of genes 17 and 18 than wild-type DNA. Southern blot analysis suggested that Hp17 mutants carry a direct tandem repeat of the gene 17 18 region, with variable copy number from one to at least six copies. Hyperproduction of gene 17 and 18 proteins appears therefore to result from gene amplification specific to the gene 17-18 region. In contrast to gene duplications reported in lambda and T4 phage, and numerous cases of gene amplification in bacteria, a similar or identical novel junctional fragment created by the amplification event was observed among 28 independent T4 Hp17 isolates; therefore, the mechanism giving gise to amplified sequences may involve specific sequences in this region of the T4 genome. PMID- 3498847 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Coronary rehabilitation services. PMID- 3498848 TI - [Transcatheter treatment of intra-abdominal bleeding after radical lymph-node dissection for advanced gastric cancer]. PMID- 3498849 TI - [Complex diagnostic imaging of the head and neck region using 67Ga SPECT and x ray CT]. PMID- 3498851 TI - [Left ventricular three-dimensional reconstruction and three-dimensional wall motion analysis from gated blood pool emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3498850 TI - [Antigenicity and nephritogenicity of Lewis rat TBM antigen and comparison with BN rat TBM antigen]. PMID- 3498852 TI - [Respiratory failure--gastrointestinal system]. PMID- 3498853 TI - [Coronary bypass surgery of unstable angina]. PMID- 3498854 TI - Enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunotoxins by adenovirus and carboxylic ionophores. AB - Immunotoxins (monoclonal antibodies-ricin A-chain conjugates) directed against the tumor-associated antigen carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are selective in vitro cytotoxins for human adenocarcinoma cells. However, the kinetics of intoxication are relatively slow. The effects of the UV radiation-inactivated human adenovirus and the carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigericin were examined on immunotoxin cytotoxicity to the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line LoVo. In a 16-hour cytotoxicity assay, adenovirus reduced 33-fold the median inhibitory concentration from 3 X 10(-8) M to 9 X 10(-10) M. In timed cytotoxicity assays, 50% of control protein synthesis was reached in immunotoxin treated cells twentyfold faster in the presence of adenovirus (0.5 hr) than in its absence (10 hr). Adenovirus produced no enhancement of immunotoxin effect on a control cell line or on a control immunotoxin on LoVo cells, demonstrating specificity of adenovirus effect. In addition, specific immunotoxin constructed with a nonreducible thioether bond, alone or with adenovirus, produced no toxicity on LoVo cells. These results suggest that both cell surface binding and presence of a reducible disulfide bond in the conjugate are necessary for adenovirus effect. Similar potentiation of the cytotoxicity of anti-CEA immunotoxins was produced by monensin and nigericin. These studies demonstrate that both adenovirus and carboxylic ionophores are potentiators of immunotoxins directed against the CEA, producing cytotoxicity equivalent to that of ricin but specific for CEA-positive adenocarcinoma cells in culture. PMID- 3498855 TI - [Clinical use and late results of transvenous endocardial destruction of the atrioventricular junction by the bipolar method]. AB - Transvenous endocardial destruction of the AV junction, using an original bipolar technique, was carried out in 32 patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, resistant to medication. The procedure was effective in 29 (91%) of 32 patients. Stable and complete AV block was achieved in 23 of 30 patients, with subsequent implantation of a pacemaker, while in 4 patients, clinical improvement was achieved with intact AV conductivity. Two patients with re-entry tachycardia of the AV junction were subjected to low-energy contusion of the AV junction, and the results were good. Major hemodynamic and myocardial contractility parameters were basically unchanged at long-term follow-up; spontaneous heart rate was significantly decreased in patients with implanted pacemakers, and some of those developed pacemaker dependence. PMID- 3498856 TI - Down modulation of Heymann's nephritis by mercuric chloride. AB - The time course of Heymann's nephritis (HN), assessed on proteinuria and immunomorphology, has been compared in Lewis (LEW) rats immunized with BB alone (group A) or injected with HgCl2 and subsequently immunized in a similar manner (group B). Whereas all rats from group A developed typical HN characterized by heavy proteinuria and abundant glomerular immune deposits, rats from group B did not develop or developed a markedly attenuated form of HN; proteinuria was never detectable, immune deposits were absent or minimal. No abnormalities were found in rats injected with HgCl2 alone. In order to explain our findings, we have studied the glomerular and tubular expression of the 330 kD nephritogenic glycoprotein (gp330) as well as the corresponding antibody response. In rats receiving HgCl2, gp330 was normally expressed on BB and glomerular epithelial cells as indicated by in vitro and in vivo binding of anti-gp330 antibodies, but titers of anti-BB and anti-gp330 antibodies were considerably lower than in group A control rats. These findings therefore suggest that HgCl2 acts by its immunodepressive effect recently related to an increase in T suppressor cells. This effect is paradoxical since HgCl2 induces autoimmunity in Brown-Norway rats, and we suggest that it may be akin to observations reported in clinical practice where drugs may be immunostimulatory in some patients and immunodepressive in others. The mercury model may therefore represent a unique tool to evaluate the relationship between genetics and drug-induced immune dysregulation. PMID- 3498857 TI - [Complications in the treatment of profuse hemorrhage in a 1.5-year-old child with portal hypertension]. PMID- 3498858 TI - Mortality and morbidity of childhood tuberculosis in Singapore. PMID- 3498859 TI - Epidermal growth factor increases granulation tissue formation dose dependently. AB - Recent studies have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated the rate of formation of granulation tissue in a model of wound repair (A. Buckley, et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 7340, 1985). Because pharmacologic doses of EGF were used previously, the relationship of EGF concentration to physiologic effects was determined in this study. Rats were implanted with subcutaneous polyvinyl alcohol sponges containing slow-release pellets formulated to release 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10 micrograms of EGF/day. Tissue response was judged by the degree of histologic organization and vascularity, as well as several quantitative parameters: wet weight, hydroxyproline content, protein content, and DNA concentration. Each of these parameters showed consistent increases by Day 5 after implantation, when inflammation and edema had subsided. Compared with placebo controls, hydroxyproline (collagen) content was significantly increased by as little as 1 microgram/day of EGF, and DNA content was significantly increased by all dose levels of EGF. Endogenous EGF concentration in experimental granulation tissue was found to be fairly constant (30-40 ng/g wet wt); however, the increasing cellularity of the sponges may have reduced the local concentration of free EGF to low levels. Pellets releasing as little as 4 ng/hr of EGF into the surrounding tissue were able to accelerate wound healing, suggesting that the availability of this growth factor may be a rate-limiting step in wound repair. PMID- 3498860 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding as primary symptom of gastric carcinoma. AB - Little information is available regarding acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a presenting sign of gastric carcinoma. Of 427 patients with gastric cancer, 36 (8.4%) underwent early endoscopy due to hematemesis. The hemorrhage was self limited in 16 patients (44.4%), most of whom underwent elective surgery. Twenty patients (55.6%) had persistent or massive bleeding, and 13 of these underwent early surgery with a surgical mortality of 3 cases (23.1%); the remaining 7 patients were not operated on, and died secondary to the hemorrhage. The total mortality rose to 10 patients (27.7%). The mean age was higher in patients with persistent or massive bleeding, mainly in those who did not undergo surgery and died. We conclude that the immediate outcome is related to age and previous general condition, rather than to the definite diagnosis of gastric cancer. Moreover, emergency endoscopy may be useful in determining the exact source of hemorrhage and in identifying potential candidates for emergency surgery. PMID- 3498861 TI - Immunological discrimination between self and non-self by precursor depletion and memory accumulation. AB - We study processes by which T-lymphocytes "learn" to discriminate "self" from "non-self". We show that intrinsic features of the T cell activation and proliferation process are sufficient to tolerize (self) reactive T-lymphocyte clones. Self vs non-self discrimination therefore develops without any down regulatory (e.g. suppressive) interactions. T-lymphocyte clones will expand by proliferation only if the IL2 concentration is high enough to induce a proliferation rate larger than the rate of cell decay. This concentration is the proliferation threshold. Because effector T cells are short-lived the proliferation threshold must be quite high. Such high numbers of cells producing IL2 are achieved only when sufficient (memory) precursors are activated. Self and non-self antigens differ with respect the number of (memory) precursor cells they accumulate, as a result of two processes, i.e. precursor depletion and memory accumulation, and can thus be discriminated. Precursor depletion: the dynamics of long-lived precursors can cause tolerization. In neonatal circumstances precursor influx is still low, newborn cells reacting with self antigens are immediately activated, generating (few), i.e. fewer than the proliferation threshold, effectors that decay rapidly. Thus total lymphocyte numbers remain low, yielding self tolerance. Conversely, large doses of similar antigens introduced in mature systems push "their" lymphocyte clone over the proliferation threshold because a large (accumulated) precursor population is rapidly activated. Small doses are however low zone tolerized. Memory accumulation: peripheral T-lymphocyte populations in fact consist of a mixture of virgin precursors and memory cells. If the formation process of (long-lived) memory cells is taken into account and virgin precursors are made short-lived, the proliferation threshold again accounts for self non-self discrimination. Memory cells accumulate when antigenic restimulation is low; it is low when the antigen concentration and/or the antigen affinity is low. Therefore self antigens, which are present in relatively high concentrations, fail to accumulate high affinity memory cells, and are hence tolerated. Memory cells crossreacting to self antigens with low affinity, however accumulate neonatally, pushing those clones over the proliferation threshold whenever "their" high affinity antigen enters the immune system. Thus the model generates differences in the antigenicity (i.e. memory precursor frequency) of self and non-self.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498862 TI - Diminished anticoagulant response to heparin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Patients are at risk for a diminished anticoagulant response to heparin during coronary artery bypass graft operations. To answer the question of whether preoperative heparin therapy and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation are associated with a diminished response in the period before cardiopulmonary bypass, we observed prospectively the baseline and postheparinization activated clotting times in 76 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft procedures. They included 42 patients who had received preoperative heparin therapy (26 had intra-aortic balloon pumps and 16 did not). Thirty-four comparison patients (controls) were matched for age, sex, race, and heparin lot. Patients receiving preoperative heparin therapy, either with or without intra aortic balloon pumps, had significantly lower activated clotting times than patients in the control group after a 300 IU/kg dose of porcine intestinal heparin. Total preoperative heparin dose, days of preoperative heparin therapy, and baseline activated clotting times were not predictive of heparin resistance. In conclusion, patients receiving preoperative heparin therapy (with or without intra-aortic balloon pumps) are at increased risk for inadequate heparinization before cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 3498863 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - The antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Clinically, it is useful for treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of the genitourinary tract and certain infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is indicated for most Nocardia asteroides infections. It is the antimicrobial agent of choice for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The drug is relatively nontoxic in patients who do not have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and it is available in oral and intravenous forms. The native compounds and the metabolites of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are excreted primarily in the urine. When the creatinine clearance decreases to less than 30 ml/min, the dosage of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole should be adjusted. PMID- 3498864 TI - [Principles of the simultaneous radiation and polychemotherapy in advanced head and neck carcinoma]. AB - Concomitant application of chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy increases the tumoricidal effects. In this report the biochemical, cell-kinetic and radiobiological interactions of the simultaneous radio-polychemotherapy are discussed. Systemic chemotherapy consisted of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP; 60 mg/sqm), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 350 mg/sqm) and folinic acid (FA; 50 mg/sqm) on day 2 and 5-FU 350 mg/sqm/24 hrs and FA 100 mg/sqm/24 hrs on days 2-5. Radiotherapy was applied in 13 fractions of 1.8 Gy delivered twice daily from days 3-11. The regimen was repeated on days 22 and 44, reaching the final dose of 70.2 Gy in 8 weeks. With this protocol, optimal tumor regression was achieved in very advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Survival rate after 2 years was 76.8% with 28/32 complete and 4/32 partial remissions. Using an intensive adjuvant treatment, the overall toxicity was tolerable allowing the application of the full therapeutic dosage in 95% without any interruptions. PMID- 3498865 TI - Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood. AB - Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood is a vestibular disorder characterized by multiple sudden brief episodes of true vertigo with nystagmus usually beginning after the age of 4. The diagnosis is based on the characteristic history, because the otologic and neurologic examinations, electronystagmogram, audiogram, and electroencephalogram are usually normal. The etiology of the disorder remains unknown, although a vascular disturbance of the posterior circulation with ischemia of the labyrinth or vestibular nuclei is most commonly postulated. A review of the literature and five new cases are used to acquaint otolaryngologists with this entity, review the characteristic clinical history, discuss differential diagnosis, and emphasize the usual clinical course. PMID- 3498866 TI - Laryngeal pacemaker using a temperature sensor in the canine. AB - With the use of a temperature sensor that would detect temperature changes during the respiratory cycle in the pharynx, electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was achieved in dogs whose recurrent laryngeal nerves were artificially paralyzed. Due to the temperature difference between inspiratory and expiratory air flow, a trigger pulse was generated at the beginning of inspiration. The stimulation pulse following the trigger pulse stimulated the electrodes inserted into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. In all five canines, obvious abduction of the vocal folds synchronized with inspiration was observed during electrical pacing. PMID- 3498868 TI - [Purulent conjunctivitis-otitis media syndrome]. PMID- 3498867 TI - Regeneration of the eighth cranial nerve. II. Physiologic verification in the bullfrog. AB - Two experiments were performed to document the functional capacity of the regenerated eighth cranial nerve. In experiment 1, the eighth cranial nerve was sectioned preganglionically and allowed to regenerate in a group of bullfrogs with normal contralateral eighth nerve and labyrinth. Posture and reflex to lateral tilt were measured preoperatively and postoperatively for a minimum of 3 months. Similar measures were performed in a second group of bullfrogs in which the eighth nerve had been destroyed by ganglionectomy and in a third with peripheral labyrinthectomies. In experiment 2, the eighth nerve was sectioned and allowed to regenerate in bullfrogs in which the contralateral nerve had previously been destroyed. Posture and reflex to lateral tilt were measured as in experiment 1. Similar measures were performed in a group of bullfrogs that had undergone bilateral nerve destruction. Regeneration of the eighth cranial nerve in bullfrogs in both experiments was documented histologically by labeling the regenerated fibers with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In both experiments, posture recovered completely only in the bullfrogs in which the eighth cranial nerve was allowed to regenerate. Reflex to lateral tilt recovered more rapidly in the bullfrogs with regenerated nerves than in any of the other bullfrogs. PMID- 3498869 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of chronic morphine treatment in mice. AB - In this report we describe the immunomodulatory effects of subcutaneous morphine pellets in mice, a model commonly used in the study of opiate tolerance and dependence. Mice given a single 75 mg morphine pellet displayed marked atrophy and reduced cellularity of the spleen and thymus, and an attenuated lymphocyte proliferative response to T- and B-cell mitogens (concanavalin A and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, respectively). These immunosuppressive effects were observed 72 hr following implantation of the pellet, a time point by which the mice also had developed tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of the pellet. Splenic and thymic atrophy with reduced mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses and opiate tolerance were also apparent in mice subjected to a multiple pellet implantation schedule. However, implantation of a pellet containing 37.5 mg morphine did not suppress mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, which was slightly elevated in this group. These findings concur with other observations suggesting immunosuppression with morphine tolerance. Furthermore, we suggest that chronic morphine treatment acts as a pharmacologic stressor that mimics behavioral stress. PMID- 3498870 TI - Shock-induced modulation of lymphocyte reactivity: suppression, habituation, and recovery. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the suppressive effect of different frequencies of signaled-shock presentations on mitogenic reactivity of lymphocytes in Lewis rats, and to assess the recovery of that reactivity at varying times after the shocks. The results showed that the magnitude of decreased reactivity in both the spleen and whole-blood lymphocytes, as determined by mitogenic reactivity to Concanavalin A (Con A), was directly related to the number of shock presentations within a daily session. However, the suppressed reactivity for the spleen cells diminished with repeated sessions of frequent shocks, in contrast to the whole-blood lymphocytes which did not show any habituation. Furthermore, the imposition of different periods of recovery following a single session of frequent shocks showed that the decreased reactivity for the whole-blood lymphocytes extended beyond the immediate period of the shock experience, and took 48 to 96 hours to recover completely. In contrast, the spleen lymphocytes showed complete recovery within 24 hours following the administration of shock. These results establish that the rate of habituation to and recovery from a shock-induced decrease in mitogen reactivity is more rapid for the spleen than whole-blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3498871 TI - Left ventricular aneurysm in short axis: a comparison of magnetic resonance, ultrasound and thallium-201 SPECT images. AB - Short axis magnetic resonance images of a left ventricular aneurysm were compared to similar views obtained by echocardiography and by thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography. Images of the dyskinetic left ventricular apex and the contractile left ventricular base were analyzed and compared. Unlike the previously reported orthogonal plane magnetic resonance images, short axis imaging provided representative and quantitative information in views comparable to those obtained by standard noninvasive imaging techniques. These data indicate that short axis magnetic resonance imaging is capable of identifying and sizing the aneurysmal and the residual segments of the left ventricle. The findings may be of prognostic value in patients with left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 3498872 TI - [Effect of the epidermal growth factor on the repopulation of bone marrow CFU-Cs following radiation thermal injury]. PMID- 3498873 TI - [Secondary immunologic deficiency and its correction in cancer patients after radiation and combined therapy]. AB - The problems of radiation immunology in oncological practice are discussed using, by way of example, studies on the effect of radiation and combined therapy on the state of the immunity system in some cancer types. The authors present data on the development of secondary immunodeficiency states determined by disorder in lymphocyte level, cooperation, enzymatic properties and function in immune reactions. A possibility of correction of secondary immunodeficiency states after radiation and combined therapy with the help of immunomodulators was shown. PMID- 3498874 TI - Assay of enzyme-catalyzed oxygen-dependent disulfide bond formation. PMID- 3498875 TI - Sulfhydryl oxidase from milk. PMID- 3498876 TI - [Lymphocyte population and T lymphocyte subsets in brucellosis analyzed by monoclonal antibodies]. AB - In this study, T-lymphocyte subsets and HLA-DR antigen (+) cells in the peripheral blood of 19 patients with acute brucellosis were determined and the results were compared to 19 healthy control subjects. Our findings suggest that exposure of the immune system to brucella microorganism and related antigens results in an increase in the circulating "activated" cell numbers (HLA-DR+) without significant alterations in the subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 3498877 TI - Effects of intervention on antibiotic compliance in patients in general practice. AB - This study used a randomized clinical control design to test first, whether decreasing the complexity of antibiotic regimens resulted in increased compliance and, secondly, whether the added component of written information and behavioural tailoring increased compliance in patients with twice-a-day schedules. Twenty eight general practitioners who were selected at random and 232 of their patients took part in the study. Patients were allocated at random to receive either doxycycline (one dose a day); co-trimoxazole (two doses a day); amoxycillin (three doses a day); or co-trimoxazole (two doses a day) with a written instruction sheet and advice on how to best fit the tablets into a daily routine. Decreasing complexity of the regimen significantly increased the probability that patients would not miss any doses of the course (absolute compliance: chi 2 = 25.04; df = 2; P less than 0.001). There was also a significant association between complexity and non-compliance at a level which might be clinically significant (chi 2 = 6.78; df = 2; P = 0.03). Written information and behavioural tailoring did not further augment compliance in patients with one- or two-doses-a day schedules. It was also shown that general practitioners predicted potential non-compliance in patients at a rate no better than would be expected by chance. PMID- 3498879 TI - [HLA association of seronegative spondylarthritis in patients with Crohn disease]. PMID- 3498878 TI - [Personal experience in cryotherapy treatment]. PMID- 3498880 TI - [Effectiveness of the electrohydrothermoprobe in gastrointestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 3498881 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in the elderly. PMID- 3498882 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies with specificity for DNA and the synthetic polypeptide antigen (T,G)-A-L. AB - Because of evidence for structural similarity of variable region genes of anti DNA and anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies, polyspecific interactions of monoclonal anti DNA and anti-(T,G)-A-L antibodies were investigated. Of 20 monoclonal antibodies from C57BL/10 mice with (T,G)-A-L binding, two bound DNA as determined by ELISA. In contrast, two of five anti-DNA monoclonal antibodies from MRL-lpr/lpr mice bound (T,G)-A-L. For both sets of antibodies, antigen binding was shown to be the activity of the same antibody by cross-inhibition studies. To determine whether such polyspecific antibodies were expressed during autoimmune disease, sera of autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice were tested for anti-(T,G)-A-L activity. This analysis demonstrated minimal elevations of anti-(T,G)-A-L in comparison to BALB/c controls. These studies thus confirm predictions about the binding activity of anti-(T,G)-A-L and anti-DNA antibodies based on structural analysis of variable region genes. They further indicate, that while anti-(T,G)-A-L and anti-DNA antibodies may have overlapping specificity, polyspecific antibodies of this kind are not preferentially expressed during autoimmunity. PMID- 3498883 TI - Effect of enzymatic treatments on RNP and Sm antigenic reactivities--I. Loss of RNP but increase of Sm antigenic reactivity after RNase treatment of nuclear extract. AB - Changes of RNP and Sm antigenic reactivities of a nuclear extract after enzymatic treatments were studied and quantified by the ELISA test. After RNase treatment of the nuclear extract, about a 300% increase of the Sm antigenic reactivity and more than a 95% decrease of RNP antigenic reactivity was found. Data from RNP depleted nuclear extracts and column fractionation show that the increase in Sm antigenic reactivity after RNase treatment mainly comes from the RNP-Sm complex. PMID- 3498884 TI - The E-T (elephant-tadpole) paradox necessitates the concept of a unit of B-cell function: the protection. PMID- 3498885 TI - Anti-IgM antibody decreases dissociability of cell bound IgM anti-hapten antibodies as measured with fluid phase hapten. AB - We studied the effect of an IgG anti-IgM on the dissociation of cell bound IgM anti-hapten antibody, as measured with fluid phase hapten. Methotrexate (MTX) covalently bound to the red cells surface was used as hapten; rabbit anti-MTX IgM and rabbit anti-allotype IgG reactive with the IgM were used as antibodies. The amount of cell bound antibodies was measured with 125I-labelled protein A. In the absence of the anti-allotype antibody, most of the anti-hapten IgM was prevented from reassociation by fluid phase hapten. In the presence of the anti-allotype IgG most of the anti-hapten IgM was non-dissociable, with about a 1000-fold increase in the apparent binding constant. We found that (1) dissociability of the anti-hapten IgM depended on the density of the cell bound hapten, (2) decrease in dissociability was a function of the anti-allotype antibody concn and (3) even in the presence of excess anti-allotype antibody dissociability was an inverse function of anti-hapten IgM concn. PMID- 3498886 TI - Analysis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - The asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) were studied by sequential lectin affinity chromatography. Glycopeptides were isolated from a Concanavalin A (ConA)-binding glycoprotein fraction prepared from a soluble CLL extract. This fraction, which contained 1.8% of the proteins present in the soluble extract, greater than 30 polypeptides revealed by SDS-PAGE analysis, and known cell surface antigens such as HLA-DR and p85 glycoprotein, must include a major proportion of the glycoproteins of the CLL cells. Glycopeptides were prepared by digestion with pronase, were separated into four pools (A-D) by Bio-Gel P-6 filtration and were radiolabeled by N-14C acetylation. Glycopeptide pools C and D (0.45 less than Kd less than 0.77) were 95-100% bound to ConA-Sepharose and 7-12% bound to Lens culinaris (Lens) Sepharose, but did not interact with any of the other lectins tested, suggesting major amounts of high mannose structures and minor amounts of fucosylated biantennary complex structures with terminal GlcNAc on the Man alpha 1-6 arm. Structures with greater than 3 branches were suggested for pools A and B (0 less than Kd less than 0.44) which were 34-65% unbound to ConA-Sepharose and 37-40% bound to Lens-Sepharose. Analysis of the ConA-unbound glycopeptides on RCA Agarose before and after acid hydrolysis indicated variable amounts of terminal galactose and sialic acid residues. Major components of pool A were structures with terminal GlcNAc on all branches (22%) and fully sialylated structures (20%). In pool B, 20% of the radioactivity interacted with L-Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA)-Agarose and with Ricinus communis (RCA)-Agarose, indicative of a fully galactosylated triantennary structure with branches at C-2 and C-6 of the Man alpha 1-6 arm. Half of the L-PHA-interacting material also bound to Lens Sepharose, indicative of a core fucose residue. A fully galactosylated biantennary complex structure in pool A (13%) was identified by weak binding to ConA-Sepharose and strong interaction with RCA-Agarose. The presence of the polylactosamine sequence (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3)n on this structure was suggested by a sialic acid independent interaction with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Agarose. A sialic acid dependent WGA-interaction was observed in the ConA unbound glycopeptides of pool A (5%). Some of the structures identified in this study may be associated with the malignant CLL phenotype and/or with a distinct stage of B cell differentiation. PMID- 3498887 TI - Inhibition of the lytic activity of perforin (cytolysin) and of late complement components by proteoglycans. AB - The complement components (C6, C7, C8 and C9) implicated in the lysis of target cells and the pore-forming, lytic protein from cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK cells, perforin, contain an amino acid sequence which is highly homologous to a repeat unit identified in the LDL-receptor (Tschopp et al., 1986, Nature, 322, 831-834). The domain of the LDL-receptor, which is thought to interact with a positively charged segment of its ligands apoprotein B and E, is rich in cysteine residues and contains a cluster of negative charges. We show that the negatively charged molecules suramin and glycosaminoglycans, the positively charged peptides protamine and polylysine, all of which are known to abolish binding of LDL to its receptor (Goldstein et al., 1985, A. Rev. cell. Biol., 1, 1-39) inhibit the lytic activities of C6, C7, C8, C9 and perforin. Moreover, these negatively charged molecules are potent inhibitors of cytolytic T-lymphocyte-mediated lysis of target cells, suggesting a functionally crucial role for perforin in cell mediated cytolysis. We propose that the negatively charged, cysteine-rich domain of these complement proteins and perforin interacts with an as yet unidentified positively charged segment of its ligand in a manner analogous to the LDL-LDL receptor interaction. Homologous cysteine-rich domains in functionally unrelated proteins may therefore be functionally conserved as ideal rigid interaction domains with the conserved cysteine residues as framework. Specificity of the domain for its ligand would be conferred by the non-conserved amino acid residues. PMID- 3498888 TI - Covalent linkage of the synthetic adjuvant MDP to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G) A-L changes the specificity of the immune response at the T and B cell level. AB - It is now well established that the synthetic molecule MDP (N-acetylmuramyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine) can be a good adjuvant of immunity when covalently linked to antigen. The question raised in this work is whether conjugation of antigen to the immunomodulatory molecule MDP can modify the specificity of the antibodies and T cells induced following immunization. Using the well characterized synthetic polypeptide antigen, poly(L-Tyr,L-Glu)-poly(DL-Ala)--poly(L-Lys) [(T,G) A--L], we show that immunization of C57B1/6 (H-2b) mice with MDP-(T,G)-A--L conjugate elicits at least two types of antibody directed against the poly(DL Ala)--poly(L-Lys) (A--L) part of the antigen, and against new determinant(s) formed by MDP and a portion of the (T,G)-A--L molecule. Interestingly, the poly (L-Try L-Glu) side chains thought to constitute the major antigenic determinants of the (T,G)-A--L molecule were not recognized. Lymph node cells from (T,G)-A--L immunized mice can be equally well stimulated in vitro by (T,G)-A--L or by MDP (T,G)-A--L, whereas lymph node cells from MDP-(T,G)-A--L primed animals can be stimulated only when challenged by the conjugate used for immunization, and not by the free synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A--L. The data presented here show that the coupling of a low mol. wt molecule such as MDP (mol. wt approx. 500) to an antigen can greatly modify the immune response directed against this antigen. Furthermore, (1) different antibody specificities are elicited depending upon whether the priming is done with free MDP and antigen or with MDP covalently linked to the antigen; (2) although still accessible on the conjugate, an epitope which represents the major antigenic determinant on the free polypeptide appears to be silent when presented on the conjugate; and (3) new determinant(s) formed by the chemical linkage of the polypeptide to the synthetic adjuvant are involved in the priming of T cells. PMID- 3498889 TI - The effect of sham feeding on pancreatic secretion: preliminary observations. PMID- 3498890 TI - Experimental duodenectomy in dogs preserving the sphincter of Oddi and the outlets of the pancreatic ducts. PMID- 3498891 TI - A new monoclonal-antibody-defined tumor marker (KMO1) for pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 3498892 TI - Carcinoma of the esophagus: surgical treatment with low operative mortality and low rate of anastomotic leakage. PMID- 3498893 TI - Survival for 25 years following partial pancreatectomy for carcinoma of the body of the pancreas. PMID- 3498895 TI - Stercoral perforation of the descending colon appearing radiographically as pneumomediastinum. PMID- 3498894 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in a polycystic kidney. PMID- 3498896 TI - Multiple spontaneous perforations of the small intestine. PMID- 3498897 TI - Radiation sensitivity of T-lymphocytes grown with recombinant human interleukin 2. AB - gamma-Ray and UV sensitivities of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T lymphocytes were examined in the presence of the recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2). D0 values for the survival curves after gamma-irradiation varied from 0.90 to 1.25 Gy, and were comparable to those reported for human fibroblast cells. By fractionated exposure of gamma-rays, T-lymphocytes were shown to have the repair capacity for the sublethal damage. UV-survival curves yielded D0 of 6.5 J/m2 for T-lymphocytes from normal donors. T-Lymphocytes from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient with extremely low excision repair were markedly hypersensitive to UV (D0, 1.4 J/m2). T-Lymphocytes may be used to detect individuals who are sensitive to radiation or chemicals, and this method takes less time than that using fibroblast cells. PMID- 3498898 TI - Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving azidothymidine. PMID- 3498899 TI - Rifampin prophylaxis against Haemophilus influenzae type B. PMID- 3498900 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in pleural effusion secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum. PMID- 3498901 TI - EDRF coordinates the behaviour of vascular resistance vessels. AB - Constriction of vascular smooth muscle in response to the stimulus of raised intravascular pressure--the myogenic response--represents a positive feedback mechanism which, if unopposed, could theoretically lead to instability in the intact circulation. Dilation in response to increased intraluminal flow would provide an opposing feedback mechanism which could confer overall stability. Flow dependent dilation in conduit vessels is mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), but the relationship between flow and EDRF activity has not been studied in resistance vessels in situ. We here demonstrate that EDRF can coordinate the aggregate hydrodynamic properties of an intact network. Under control conditions, EDRF maintains a fourth-power relationship between diameter and flow so that the pressure gradient in each vessel asymptotically approaches a constant value at high flow rates. Basal EDRF release may also maintain a similar spatial distribution of flow at different flow rates, even under conditions of moderate pharmacological constriction. PMID- 3498902 TI - MHC protein structure. Those images that yet fresh images beget. PMID- 3498903 TI - AIDS incubation period. PMID- 3498904 TI - Recovery of immunodeficient mice from a vaccinia virus/IL-2 recombinant infection. AB - Vaccinia virus recombinants that express cloned genes encoding antigens of unrelated infectious agents, such as hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), provide a new approach to the development of live vaccines. Although there is evidence that genetically engineered vaccinia viruses have reduced pathogenicity a major obstacle to their use as vaccines is that severe complications can occur after vaccination, especially in immunodeficient individuals. We describe here a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and show that athymic nude mice infected with the recombinant virus resolve the virus infection rapidly whereas mice infected with control virus develop a progressive vaccinal disease. By incorporating the gene for IL-2 in live virus vaccines it may be possible to prevent the severe complications that arise in recipients with an impaired immune system. PMID- 3498905 TI - [Disease symptoms and clinical course in the first 100 patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3498906 TI - [A general practitioner reprimanded for the homeopathic management of a home childbirth, which--as on a previous occasion-- terminated in a retained placenta and severe hemorrhage]. PMID- 3498907 TI - [Effect of adequate stimulation of the vestibular apparatus on the locomotor activity of the forelimb muscles in the guinea pig. Rotations relative to the longitudinal axis]. AB - Influence of the adequate vestibular stimulation by tilting about the longitudinal axis on the locomotor activity of forelimb muscles was investigated in precollicularly decerebrated guinea pigs. The locomotor activity was evoked by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. An increase of the extensor activity in the stance phase and a decrease of the flexor activity in the swing phase on the limb ipsilateral to the tilt and opposite changes of the antagonist muscles activity on the limb contralateral to the tilt were observed during animal movements. It is found that during the sinusoidal tilting in the frequency range of 0.02-0.4 Hz changes in the locomotor activity lead the animal displacement: 60-40--in extensors, 40-20 degrees--in flexors. Mechanisms of the vestibular control of the locomotor activity are discussed. PMID- 3498908 TI - [Effect of adequate stimulation of the vestibular apparatus on the locomotor activity of the hindlimb muscles in the guinea pig. Rotations relative to the longitudinal axis]. AB - Influence of the adequate vestibular stimulation by tilting about the longitudinal axis on the locomotor activity in hindlimb muscles evoked by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region was investigated in precollicularly decerebrated guinea pig. Rhythmic activity in extensors occurred during the horizontal position and ipsilateral tilt of the animal. Contralateral tilt was followed by a decrease in the extensor activity. Flexors revealed two periods of enhanced rhythmic activity; one during the ipsilateral tilt and another during the contralateral tilt. Mechanisms of the observed changes of the locomotor activity are discussed. PMID- 3498910 TI - Lymphocyte populations in premalignant lesions and cancer of the oral cavity. AB - A comparison of the absolute numbers of leukocytes, proportions, and absolute numbers of various lymphocyte populations in patients with precancerous lesions and cancer of the oral cavity along with normal controls was carried out. Total leukocytes and lymphocytes showed reduction in their numbers in the patient group. B lymphocytes showed a significant increase in both its proportion and numbers in premalignant lesions while such an increase was not evident in oral cancer. Reduced T cell proportion and absolute number was noticed in both patient groups. Profound alteration was noticed in the circulating TG and TM populations of lymphocytes. TG cells were significantly increased in both patient groups. The TM population, on the other hand, showed drastic reduction in its numbers. These findings point towards an impairment of the immune response in the precancerous as well as the malignant stage of the disease. PMID- 3498909 TI - Some biochemical mechanisms underlying the impairment of T and B cell immunity in C3HA mice during hepatoma growth. AB - In thymocytes of C3HA mice carrying the transplantable and ortoaminoazotoluene induced hepatomas at the time of their intense growth a drastic decrease in adenosine deaminase activity set in and 3-4-fold augmentation of intracellular concentration of dATP and dGTP, potential inhibitors of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase was observed, leading to the reduction of the DNA synthesis. The latter event was evidenced by a suppressed 14C-thymidine incorporation into thymocytes DNA in vitro, decreased thymidine kinase activity, intracellular dTTP and depletion of dCTP pools. Only in the terminal period of hepatocarcinogenesis (12 months) a 4-fold increase in the corticosterone serum concentration was observed. As for the mice carrying transplantable 22a hepatoma, serum hormone levels augmented 4-fold as early as 24 h after tumor implantation and thereafter kept increased two fold. An elevated activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in mouse thymocytes has been shown to be characteristic of the late periods of tumor growth reflecting the arrest of the immature cortical thymocyte differentiation. By the time hepatomas emerged in the course of hepatocarcinogenesis in spleen T and B lymphocytes a significant drop in the activity of adenosine deaminase (3-4-fold) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (2-8-fold) was noted--the events directly correlated with the weakening of cell immune functions. The disorders described were accompanied by the accumulation of dGTP in spleen T lymphocytes, dATP in B lymphocytes and inhibition of DNA synthesis, predominantly in T lymphocytes. In the latter instance the pool of dCTP was found to be depleted. In spleen T and B lymphocytes of mice carrying solid 22a hepatoma when the peak of its growth was reached (day 5) the rate of DNA synthesis dropped. Later on (from day 8 to the animal death), however, in spite of the suppression of immune function and the decrease in adenosine deaminase activity a drastic stimulation of DNA synthesis in spleen T and B lymphocytes was observed. The increase in spleen T suppressor activity in the course of intense growth of the both types of hepatomas coincided in the time with the stimulation of the CTP-dependent thymidine kinase isoenzyme activity in total T lymphocyte population of the same organ. PMID- 3498911 TI - [Suicide in inpatient psychiatric treatment--on the problem of incidence and predictability]. PMID- 3498912 TI - Gynaecomastia. PMID- 3498913 TI - Activation of brown fat thermogenesis in response to central injection of corticotropin releasing hormone in the rat. AB - Injection of CRF-41 (2-5 nmol) into the third ventricle, or the paraventricular nucleus of anaesthetized rats caused a marked rise in the temperature of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) depot (peak rise 0.8-1 degree C) which was inhibited by prior intravenous injection of propranolol. There was also a significant increase in the mitochondrial proton conductance pathway of brown adipose tissue, assessed from the binding of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to mitochondria isolated from the interscapular (89% above control) and perirenal and para-aortic depots (130%). Acute surgical sympathectomy of interscapular brown adipose tissue immediately prior to injection of CRF significantly attenuated the increase in mitochondrial GDP-binding. Hypophysectomized (HYPX) rats showed a large (180%) increase in GDP-binding of brown adipose tissue 7 days after surgery and this was almost completely prevented by denervation of the interscapular depot prior to hypophysectomy. Acute injection of morphine also reduced the GDP-binding in hypophysectomized, but not in control rats. These data demonstrate that central injection of CRF stimulates thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, probably by modifying sympathetic outflow. The activation of brown adipose tissue following hypophysectomy was also dependent on the sympathetic innervation and could be due to an increase in release of CRF. PMID- 3498914 TI - MPTP-induced up-regulation of in vivo dopaminergic radioligand-receptor binding in humans. AB - We measured in vivo dopaminergic receptor binding using positron emission tomography and 18F-spiperone in an untreated symptomatic subject with MPTP induced parkinsonism. Our technique determines four variables related to entry of 18F-spiperone into brain tissue and subsequent binding to receptors: (1) the combined forward-rate constant k1' (equal to the product of the maximum number of available specific binding sites, Bmax, times the association rate constant [ka] of 18F-spiperone and receptor); (2) the binding site dissociation rate constant k 1; (3) the free fraction of radioligand not specifically bound in brain tissue, f2; and (4) the regional permeability-surface-area product (PS) of the blood brain barrier for spiperone. PS and f2 in the patient were not different from that of 10 normal volunteers, whereas the combined forward-rate constant (left caudate: k1' = 67.6 sec-1, normal = 0.140 +/- 0.056) and the dissociation rate constant (left caudate: k-1 = 0.116 sec-1, normal = 0.000339 +/- 0.000149) were evaluated. These findings provide potential new insights not only into the pathophysiology of this disease but into the clinical importance of dopamine receptor function as well. PMID- 3498915 TI - [Clinical results of a combined peri- and intra-venous technic in endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices]. AB - A series of 20 patients with bleeding oesophageal varices treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy is presented. The technique employed involved injecting the sclerosing fluid into peri- and endovenous variceal sites once a week for 4 weeks running followed by a month's rest. Up to three of those cycles were performed. However in 12 patients the risk of bleeding had fallen from 100% to 0% after 6 sessions. In the other 6 patients the risk was eliminated after the remaining cycles. In 2 patients only the sclerotherapy was suspected after the first session due to the deterioration of the syndrome. Four different complications were observed. Various degrees of bleeding recurred in 9 patients, retrosternal or epigastric pain after injection in 6, medium level coma in 2 and oesophageal ulcers at the injection site in another 2. Overall the mixed peri- and endovenous sclerosing technique was easy to handle and effective with a low incidence of failures and complications. PMID- 3498916 TI - Central hypothermic effects of some analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). AB - Effects of some MPTP or MPP+ analogues on mouse body temperature were studied. Of the analogues tested, 4-phenylpyridine (PPY) and 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (PTP) given in single i.p. doses to mice caused marked hypothermia. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of PPY or PTP caused similar hypothermia. Pretreatment with clorgyline or (-)-deprenyl greatly prevented hypothermia induced by i.c.v. PPY, but hypothermia by i.c.v. PTP was prevented only by (-)-deprenyl. These results indicate that, in order to cause central hypothermia, PTP does not seem to require metabolism to PPY and both analogues per se may cause hypothermia. PMID- 3498917 TI - Benzodiazepine binding increases in the superficial laminae of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis following central rhizotomy. AB - Benzodiazepine (BZ) binding is being studied in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the cat 3 and 11 days following unilateral retrogasserian rhizotomy using in vitro autoradiography and computer-assisted densitometry. At 3 days following rhizotomy there is an increase in number and decrease in affinity of flunitrazepam binding sites in the superficial laminae of subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal complex. By 11 days, affinity remains below control values and binding site number shows an insignificant but detectable increase. There is no change in binding site characteristics in deeper laminae at either survival time. The results are discussed in relation to the physiological hyperactivity and synaptic changes which occur following such lesions and to other conditions of deafferentation. PMID- 3498918 TI - [Specific interaction of phagocytosing mononuclears with T cells during formation of the thymocyte-induction factor]. AB - Data are provided on specific secretion by macrophages of a factor inducing the functional differentiation of thymocytes. The contact of mononuclear phagocytes with lymphocytes of T-cell type induces the formation of this transmitter. Interaction of macrophages with B-cells does not lead to the secretion of this monokine. Treatment of macrophages with nonspecific stimulators exerts no effect on the production of the factor. PMID- 3498919 TI - Anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis. AB - Eighteen patients with endophthalmitis involving anaerobic bacteria are presented. Endophthalmitis followed cataract surgery in seven patients, penetrating trauma in six, a corneal graft in two, and an infected filtering bleb in two; there was one case of endogenous endophthalmitis. Propionibacterium acnes was the most frequent anaerobe isolated (78% of cases). Thirty-two percent of the patients had polymicrobial infection with mixed aerobic and anaerobic species. Six cases of acute P. acnes endophthalmitis were clinically indistinguishable from other cases of mild to moderately severe endophthalmitis. Four patients presented, after cataract surgery, with chronic, low-grade endophthalmitis of 1 to 15 months' duration, emphasizing that "sterile" endophthalmitis cannot be satisfactory diagnosed clinically. The visual prognosis of treated P. acnes endophthalmitis was often good. Based on principles of anaerobic microbiology, recommendations are made for vitreous collection, transport, and culture. PMID- 3498920 TI - Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome with contralateral guttate endothelial dystrophy. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Both eyes from a 75-year-old woman who had unilateral closed-angle glaucoma, characteristic endothelial specular microscopic findings, and slowly progressive tractional iris abnormalities consistent with essential iris atrophy were obtained postmortem and studied by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Clinically, the nonglaucomatous right eye had an open-angle, normal iris, and severe endothelial dystrophy with three-plus corneal guttae. In this eye, results of histopathologic examination disclosed marked endothelial degeneration and typical guttate excrescences on Descemet's membrane. In contrast, the endothelium in the fellow eye with the essential iris atrophy variant of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome was strikingly different. The endothelial cells were relatively well preserved and exhibited marked pleomorphism, anisocytosis, and flat, occasionally paired oval nuclei. Binucleate cells also were observed. The endothelial monolayer had secreted a new layer of fibrillar extracellular matrix material on the posterior surface of Descemet's membrane. Extracellular matrix material was found interposed between the iris and cornea in zones of synechial closure, and an endothelial membrane was present on the anterior surface of the iris. These observations support the hypothesis that the iris abnormalities in essential iris atrophy are secondary to endothelial proliferation. The endothelial cells displayed neither tonofilaments nor abundant apical microvilli. The latter observation suggests that increased numbers of endothelial microvilli are not responsible for the characteristic specular microscopic picture seen in the ICE syndrome. PMID- 3498921 TI - Treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis with intravitreal vancomycin. PMID- 3498923 TI - [Visceral lupus erythematosus. Immunologic and clinical study findings]. PMID- 3498922 TI - Vision and driving. AB - The major studies on the inter-relationship between visual performance and road accident records are briefly reviewed. Statutory standards of vision for vehicle drivers are discussed, together with the responsibilities of the driver, Licensing Authority and those offering advice to drivers on their standards of vision. PMID- 3498924 TI - [Hemorrhage from the digestive tract as the first clinical symptom of lymphoma of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and the small and large intestines]. PMID- 3498925 TI - Infected thymic cyst: an unusual cause of respiratory distress in a child. AB - A 15-month-old male developed acute respiratory distress following a prolonged upper respiratory tract infection. Laboratory and radiological investigations suggested tracheal compression by a malignant anterior mediastinal mass. Following a short course of steroid therapy, urgent exploration of the mediastinum and resection of the mass was carried out; resolution of the airway obstruction was obtained. Histological and bacteriological examination of the lesion revealed it to be a thymic cyst infected by Haemophilus Influenzae with abscess formation. The causes of tracheal compression in childhood are discussed. PMID- 3498926 TI - Impaired synergism between somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I and dexamethasone in the growth of fibroblasts from a patient with insulin resistance. AB - To explore a possible mechanism for the diminished growth potential in a patient with an unusual form of insulin resistance, somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I (SM-C/IGF-I) and insulin stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell replication were compared in skin fibroblasts from the patient (DF) and normal controls. There appeared to be no generalized abnormality in cellular responsiveness to growth factors. In both DF and control cells, SM-C/IGF-I (50 ng/ml), insulin (100 ng/ml), and epidermal growth factor (5 ng/ml) stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation 5-, 2-, and 6-fold, respectively. Low concentrations of human hypopituitary serum (0.25%) enhanced the effectiveness of SM-C/IGF-I and insulin to a similar extent in both DF and control cells. On the other hand, 10% calf serum stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation 37-fold in control cells, while DF cells were only 50% as responsive. Preincubation of control cells with dexamethasone (10(-7) M) caused a marked synergistic increase in SM-C/IGF-I stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation (15- to 20-fold in serum-free medium; 50- to 80-fold in 0.25% human hypopituitary serum). In contrast, preexposure to dexamethasone did not augment SM-C/IGF-I stimulation of thymidine incorporation into DNA of DF cells. Furthermore, the stimulation of cell replication by SM C/IGF-I and insulin was potentiated by dexamethasone in control but not DF cultures. These data suggest that impairment of the synergistic action of glucocorticoids with SM-C/IGF-I and insulin regulation of fibroblast growth may be involved in the pathology of this insulin-resistant growth disorder. PMID- 3498927 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration in human milk. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration was analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis in samples of human colostrum (n = 3) and of mature milk from mothers between 2 to 52 wk postpartum (n = 39), one of whom was known to be PiMZ with a PiZZ infant. All milk samples tested contained alpha-1-antitrypsin. The three colostrum samples contained 140, 520, and 250 mg/liter. The mature milk of women who had been lactating less than 6 months had a higher concentration (7.2 +/- 3.6 mg/liter) (mean +/- SD) than in the women who had been lactating 6-12 months (4.8 +/- 1.8 mg/liter) (p less than 0.03). The milk of the woman of Pi type MZ had an alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration of 7.0 mg/liter at 7 wk postpartum and 4.1 mg/liter at 52 wk. It has been previously demonstrated that enhanced absorption of intact proteins occurs in early infancy. The presence of antiproteases in human milk provided during early infancy may serve to inhibit the absorption of intact proteases, limiting their entry into the portal circulation. PMID- 3498928 TI - Safety and efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 3498929 TI - [Age-related characteristics of blood serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin depending upon the genetic phenotype]. PMID- 3498930 TI - [Adverse effect of phthivazid in the treatment of children with tuberculosis]. PMID- 3498931 TI - [Gastric teratoma disclosed by neonatal digestive hemorrhage]. AB - A gastric teratoma diagnosed after a gastro-intestinal tract bleeding in a neonate is reported. The endogastric tumor was shown by gastric endoscopy. The tumor was pediculated and a simple tumorectomy was performed, without trouble later. Fifty-three other cases have been found in the literature. Most of them presented with abdominal distension and a palpable mass; diagnosis was always made after surgery and the diagnosis of mature gastric teratoma was confirmed by histological examination. These rare tumors are always of benign nature, but are often revealed by complications. Their frequency is less than 1% of infants teratoma and 85% are found in the first year of life; they are more frequent in males. PMID- 3498932 TI - Nucleotide sequence upstream of a glucose-repressible Drosophila gene. PMID- 3498933 TI - The human alpha-1-antitrypsin gene is efficiently expressed from two tissue specific promotors in transgenic mice. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) present in large amounts in human serum and synthesized predominantly in hepatocytes, is the most abundant protease inhibitor and alpha 1AT mutant proteins are associated with hereditary disorders. To investigate the regulation of the normal human alpha 1AT gene, we have microinjected fertilized mouse eggs with a 17.5 kb DNA fragment containing the entire gene with 7 kb 5' and 0.3 kb 3' flanking sequences. We show that this DNA fragment contains all the information for efficient, accurate and tissue-specific expression. High serum concentration of the human protein was found in three independent transgenic mouse lines. The human alpha 1AT RNA is transcribed efficiently in liver, kidney and macrophages and we demonstrate that two different promoters are used for the expression in liver and macrophages of the transgenic mice. PMID- 3498934 TI - [Arthritis caused by type B Haemophilus influenzae. Description of 2 cases]. AB - Haemophilus Influenzae type B is perhaps the most important pathogen in childhood. H.I. is the most common cause of bacterial septic arthritis in children under 2 years of age in the U.S.A. We describe two cases of H.I. septic arthritis and we discuss the the treatment. The antibiotic therapy is invasive H.I. type B disease is in a period of transition. New drugs are available that offer the same therapeutic efficacy as Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol but with decreased toxicity. PMID- 3498935 TI - Effect of corticotropin-releasing factor on adrenal DBH and PNMT activity. AB - The continuous administration of CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) by the intraventricular route, 100 ng/day, to rats over a period of 7 days, results in significant increases of DBH (dopamine beta-hydroxylase) and PNMT (phenethanol N methyltransferase) activities in the adrenal glands. The pattern of increase in DBH response to various doses of CRF does not correspond to the effects observed on plasma corticosterone, a result that suggests that CRF is acting to increase the adrenal enzyme by means other than through the pituitary-adrenal axis. In contrast, PNMT responds to CRF in a manner indicating a correlation with glucocorticoid availability. Moreover, PNMT induction by CRF persists even after adrenal denervation; it also occurs when CRF is given subcutaneously for 3 days, in a dose of 60 ng/day. Injection of reserpine did not potentiate the effect of intraventricularly administered CRF. PMID- 3498937 TI - Effect of UVA and PUVA on alloactivating and antigen-presenting capacity of human epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - Human epidermal cell suspensions (EC), obtained with a suction blister technique and enzyme digestion, were irradiated with various doses of UVA with (PUVA) or without previous incubation with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). EC were then cocultured with allogeneic T cells or pulsed with the soluble antigen purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) for 90 min before being cocultured with autologous T cells. While low doses of UVA induced a small but significant increase in the PPD-specific T-cell response, both PUVA and higher doses of UVA induced dose-dependent reductions. The allogeneic T-cell responses were reduced with PUVA, as well as with UVA, in a dose-dependent fashion. PUVA was far more effective than UVA in reducing both allogeneic and antigen-specific T-cell responses. There were no differences between numbers of DR-positive cells in EC before, immediately after or 24 h after PUVA or UVA radiation, and quantitative determination of EC HLA-DR molecules using an indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique did not reveal any difference between PUVA-treated and non-irradiated cells. PMID- 3498936 TI - Effects of human corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on gastric and pancreatic secretion in vivo and in vitro. AB - Human CRF given IV inhibited dose-dependently pentagastrin- but not histamine induced gastric acid secretion. When added to the incubation medium of the isolated gastric glands, CRF did not alter the formation of HCl under basal conditions or after stimulation with histamine or DBcAMP. CRF caused a small but significant increase in pancreatic HCO3 and protein secretion. It augmented CCK induced pancreatic protein and secretin-induced HCO3 secretion in vivo but failed to affect basal or stimulated (CCK and urecholine) amylase release by the in vitro dispersed pancreatic acini. This study indicates that CRF inhibits gastric and stimulates pancreatic secretion in vivo but not in vitro and these effects are indirect involving, at least in part, alterations in the pancreatic circulation. PMID- 3498938 TI - [Functional status of lymphocytes in adolescents with tuberculosis during complex therapy]. PMID- 3498939 TI - Praziquantel impairs the ability of exogenous serotonin to stimulate carbohydrate metabolism in intact Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Praziquantel (PZQ) (Droncit, Biltricide) at 10 microM completely abolishes the stimulatory effect of serotonin on glucose uptake and lactate excretion of Schistosoma mansoni. Fluoxetine (FXT) exerts similar effects on the serotonin induced stimulation of glucose uptake and lactate excretion, however, at 100-fold higher concentrations. In comparison with PZQ, which is inhibitory at 10 microM, FXT and other amphiphilic cationic drugs (amitriptyline, propranolol, imipramine, chlorpromazine) inhibit glucose uptake or lactate excretion in schistosomes at 1 mM; the strongest inhibitor is FXT. Glycogen breakdown is maximally stimulated by PZQ in the absence or presence of serotonin. There is an additive effect of 50 microM chlorpromazine or FXT and 0.01 to 0.1 microM PZQ on glycogen breakdown. The rate of sodium-sensitive or insensitive serotonin uptake in Schistosoma mansoni is reduced by 10 microM PZQ by about 40%, as is the sodium-sensitive excretion of serotonin. The results show that PZQ interferes with the ability of serotonin to stimulate carbohydrate metabolism. The possibility that PZQ may act through an effect on tegumental integrity is discussed. PMID- 3498940 TI - Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the gene encoding human eosinophil differentiation factor (interleukin 5). AB - The human eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF) gene was cloned from a genomic library in lambda phage EMBL3A by using a murine EDF cDNA clone as a probe. The DNA sequence of a 3.2-kilobase BamHI fragment spanning the gene was determined. The gene contains three introns. The predicted amino acid sequence of 134 amino acids is identical with that recently reported for human interleukin 5 but shows no significant homology with other known hemopoietic growth regulators. The amino acid sequence shows strong homology (approximately 70% identity) with that of murine EDF. Recombinant human EDF, expressed from the human EDF gene after transfection into monkey COS cells, stimulated the production of eosinophils and eosinophil colonies from normal human bone marrow but had no effect on the production of neutrophils or mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphoid cells). The apparent specificity of human EDF for the eosinophil lineage in myeloid hemopoiesis contrasts with the properties of human interleukin 3 and granulocyte/macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors but is directly analogous to the biological properties of murine EDF. Human EDF therefore represents a distinct hemopoietic growth factor that could play a central role in the regulation of eosinophilia. PMID- 3498941 TI - Growth of human hemopoietic colonies in response to recombinant gibbon interleukin 3: comparison with human recombinant granulocyte and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Supernatants of COS-1 cells transfected with gibbon cDNA encoding interleukin 3 (IL-3) with homology to sequences for human IL-3 were tested for ability to promote growth of various human hemopoietic progenitors. The effect of these supernatants as a source of recombinant IL-3 was compared to that of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as well as to that of medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes. The frequency of multilineage colonies, erythroid bursts, and megakaryocyte colonies in cultures containing the COS-1 cell supernatant was equivalent to the frequency observed in the controls and significantly higher than found in cultures plated with recombinant GM-CSF. G-CSF did not support the formation of multilineage colonies, erythroid bursts, and megakaryocyte colonies. In contrast, growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies was best supported with GM-CSF, while recombinant IL-3 yielded colonies at lower or at best equivalent frequency. The simultaneous addition of higher concentrations of GM-CSF to cultures containing IL-3 in optimal amounts did not enhance the formation of multilineage colonies, erythroid bursts, and megakaryocyte colonies. However, the frequency of such colonies and bursts increased with GM-CSF when cultures were plated with suboptimal concentrations of IL-3. Growth of colonies within the granulocyte-macrophage lineage is optimally supported by GM-CSF and does not increase with further addition of IL-3. PMID- 3498942 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat responds to T-cell activation signals. AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, infects and kills lymphoid cells bearing the CD4 antigen. In an infected cell, a number of cellular as well as HIV-encoded gene products determine the levels of viral gene expression and HIV replication. Efficient HIV-replication occurs in activated T cells. Utilizing transient expression assays, we show that gene expression directed by the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) increases in response to T-cell activation signals. The effects of T-cell activation and of the HIV-encoded trans activator (TAT) are multiplicative. Analysis of mutations and deletions in the HIV LTR reveals that the region responding to T-cell activation signals is located at positions -105 to -80. These sequences are composed of two direct repeats, which are homologous to the core transcriptional enhancer elements in the simian virus 40 genome. Our studies reveal that these elements function as the HIV enhancer. By acting directly on the HIV LTR, T-cell activation may play an important role in HIV gene expression and in the activation of latent HIV. PMID- 3498945 TI - Phase 1 clinical evaluation of recombinant interleukin-2. AB - The availability of large quantities of pure recombinant IL-2 has permitted clinical studies of its effects in patients with cancer. Based on the rapid half life (3-5 minutes) and the need for prolonged exposure to IL-2 to maximally stimulate responsive cells we conducted a Phase 1 clinical trial designed to compare the clinical tolerance, immunologic effects and antitumor activity of IL 2 given by CI and daily BI for 7 consecutive days. The MTD of IL-2 based on completion of 7 days of treatment was found to be 3 X 10(6) U/m2/day for BI and 10(6) U/m2/day for CI. These results are approximately equivalent to those reported by others (Lotze, 1985 and Atkins, 1986), provided corrections are made for activity (2.3 Cetus IL-2 units = 1 BRMP IL-2 Unit). Although dose limiting toxicity was observed at the higher doses of IL-2 tested, these doses were tolerated for a shorter period of time (3-4 days) with striking immunologic effects (Sondel et al. 1987). As such, shorter treatment schedules utilizing higher doses of IL-2 warrant further investigation. The toxicity associated with the administration of IL-2 is considerable and clearly dose related. Of particular clinical importance is the fever, hypotension, fluid accumulation and decrease in PS. The etiology of these toxicities appears to be related to the release of endogenous cytokines following activation of the patient's immune system. It is also possible that the in vivo activation by IL-2 of cells mediating NRC may play some role in the toxicity associated with IL-2 (Sondel, 1986). It remains unclear whether immunosuppressive methods such as the use of cyclophosphamide or steroids will enable blockade of the immune mediated toxicity without also diminishing its therapeutic value. Further studies examining methods to control the severe toxicity associated with high doses of IL-2 are needed. The future role that IL-2 may play in treating cancer is unclear. Whether IL-2 alone can have significant antitumor activity may depend on factors such as tumor bulk, the patient's inherent ability to generate cytotoxic cells or the susceptibility of a particular malignancy. As such further studies will need to examine the importance of dose, timing, schedule, method of IL-2 administration as well as tumor burden in a wide variety of cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3498946 TI - Therapeutic requirements for the successful treatment of murine renal carcinoma by adoptive chemoimmunotherapy. PMID- 3498943 TI - Molecular characterization of the murine cytotoxic T-cell membrane glycoprotein Ly-3 (CD8). AB - The murine Ly-2/3 glycoprotein is a surface marker of T cells restricted by class I major histocompatibility complex antigens. It is a disulfide-bonded heterodimer in which either the alpha or alpha' polypeptide chain encoded by Ly-2 is covalently linked to the beta polypeptide chain encoded by Ly-3. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the murine Ly-3 cDNA, isolated by using the rat Ly-3 cDNA clone pX9.15, together with the amino acid sequence of Ly-3.1 peptides and the N terminus, are presented here. The alignment of peptide data from the Ly-3.1 antigen with that of the predicted amino acid sequence of the Ly 3.2 antigen confirmed that the putative Ly-3 cDNA clones do in fact encode the Ly 3 protein. The Ly-3.2 cDNA clones encode a protein of 213 amino acids, which includes a 21-residue leader sequence and structural features in common with immunoglobulin variable, joining, and hinge regions. Searches of protein data bases revealed that Ly-3 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with significant homology to Ly-2, immunoglobulin variable region kappa and lambda light chains, and the beta chain of the T-cell receptor. A single N-linked glycosylation site was found at asparagine-13. The relative expression of two mRNA species (approximately 1.3 and 2.3 kilobases) varied according to the source of mRNA. A murine B1 repeat was located in the 3' untranslated region of Ly-3 cDNA clones. PMID- 3498947 TI - Clinical testing of IL-2: in vivo administration of IL-2 induces IL-2 dependent non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity (NRC). PMID- 3498944 TI - Interleukin 4 (B-cell stimulatory factor 1) can enhance or antagonize the factor dependent growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Our studies show that although interleukin 4 (IL-4) fails to stimulate significant colony formation by bone marrow progenitor cells, it enhances erythroid, granulocyte, macrophage, and mast-cell colony formation when used as a costimulant with erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3 (IL-3), respectively. In contrast, IL-4 suppresses IL-3-dependent colony formation by granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells and by multipotential progenitor cells. Furthermore, it appears to inhibit the in vitro generation of colony-forming progenitor cells from immature IL-3-dependent stem cells. We also found that IL-4 inhibits stromal cell-dependent growth of bone marrow-derived pre-B cells. The ability of IL-4 to directly or indirectly regulate both positive and negative aspects of progenitor cell growth is discussed. PMID- 3498948 TI - Interleukin-2 activated cytotoxic lymphocytes and their application in the intraoperative immunotherapy of local tumors. PMID- 3498949 TI - Heterogeneity of cytotoxic lymphocytes potentially relevant for cellular immunotherapy of cancer: implications for designing clinical strategies. PMID- 3498950 TI - Clonogenic and functional potential of T lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors. PMID- 3498951 TI - Possible application of natural killer cells and interleukin-2 in therapy of human leukemia. PMID- 3498952 TI - Augmentation of NK cell activity by IL-2. PMID- 3498953 TI - An approach for the generation of effector lymphocytes from tumor-bearing hosts for the adoptive immunotherapy of established tumors. PMID- 3498954 TI - In vivo and in vitro activation of NK cytotoxicity with IL-2. PMID- 3498956 TI - Migration of cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 3498957 TI - Biodistribution of IN-111 labeled tumor sensitized autologous lymphocytes in cancer patients. PMID- 3498955 TI - The growth of cells with LAK activity in an automated tissue culture system (Acusyst P). PMID- 3498958 TI - Antigen-specific cultured T cells can mediate tumor therapy and provide long-term immunologic memory in vivo. AB - One goal of our research has been to define the principles necessary to utilize cultured T cells as reagents in vivo in order to augment specific T cell immunity and to utilize the augmented immunity as a form of cancer therapy. A potential barrier for the use of cultured T cells in vivo has been the previously demonstrated inability of cultured T cells to survive in vivo. As an example, studies to be reviewed below showed that a small precursor population of tumor specific T cells could be grown to large numbers in vitro by repeated supplementation of media with exogenous Interleukin 2 (IL 2) and that the resultant long-term cultured T cells could mediate specific tumor therapy in vivo. However, T cells grown with IL 2 lost the ability to proliferate in response to immune stimulation by tumor antigen, became dependent upon exogenous IL 2 for survival, and thus died rapidly in vivo without repeated administration of exogenous IL 2. By contrast, T cells grown long-term in vitro in response to antigen-stimulation, as opposed to exogenous IL 2, were able to proliferate in vivo in response to stimulation by tumor antigen, mediate tumor therapy and persist long-term in vivo as functional memory T cells. Thus, the previously demonstrated inability of cultured T cells to survive and persist in vivo apparently resulted from the culture conditions utilized and did not reflect an intrinsic defect of all cultured T cells. PMID- 3498959 TI - Human and mouse "LAK" cells expanded in long-term cultures: in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID- 3498960 TI - Development of articulation before delayed hard-palate closure in children with cleft palate: a cross-sectional study. AB - The development of articulation before surgical closure of the hard palate was compared in 75 preschool children with cleft lip and palate and 40 preschool children born without clefts. The children were aged 2 years to 5 years 11 months. The patients had significantly poorer articulation skills than the controls at each age level. Substitutions were the most frequent error, and they did not decrease with age in the patients. Fistula size and a history of speech therapy were significant factors in the articulation error scores only in 5-year olds. No advantage in articulation proficiency was found for those who had worn a prosthesis to occlude the hard-palate defect. PMID- 3498961 TI - 11C-glucose metabolism in manic and depressed patients. AB - The authors used positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-labeled glucose to study 15 unmedicated patients with affective disorders and 7 control subjects. Diagnoses of affective disorders were based on DSM-III criteria, and symptomatology was evaluated by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Blood counts of 11C in both unipolar and bipolar patients did not differ from those in controls after oral administration of 11C-glucose. By contrast, brain counts of 11C in unipolar depressed patients were significantly lower, whereas those in bipolar manic patients were significantly higher, than in normal controls. PMID- 3498963 TI - Is there life after coronary artery surgery? PMID- 3498964 TI - Quality of life after coronary artery surgery. AB - Seventy-nine men were assessed using standard interview procedures before and at three and 12 months after coronary artery surgery. At one year, the majority reported relief of angina and reduced difficulty in performing everyday activities, but there was considerable individual variation in changes in quality of life. Overall, there were improvements in mental state, leisure activity, satisfaction and family life, but few benefits for work and sexual relations. For a fifth of patients global quality of life was no better or was worse than before surgery and this poor outcome was not closely related to physical state. Patients who described psychological symptoms or had a 'passive' approach to their illness before operation were less likely to have a good outcome. It is probable that the benefits of surgery could be substantially increased by provision of better facilities including simple individually planned preparation and rehabilitation. The study demonstrates that specific interview based ratings can be used to quantify changes in those aspects of quality of life which are most important to patients and their families. PMID- 3498962 TI - Barrett's oesophagus: a clinical study of 52 patients. AB - This paper reports a series of 52 patients with Barrett's (or columnar-lined) oesophagus from one medical unit diagnosed over a six-year period. The commonest associated symptoms were heartburn, regurgitation and dysphagia but 10 patients had no oesophageal symptoms and two had no symptoms at all. Gastrointestinal bleeding (overt or occult) was observed in almost one-third of patients. At diagnosis, 26 patients had oesophagitis, 23 had oesophageal ulceration and 10 had benign oesophageal strictures. An association between oesophageal ulceration and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingestion was suggested by the data and patients with oesophageal ulceration were significantly older than patients with uncomplicated Barrett's oesophagus. No patient had adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus at diagnosis and neither carcinoma nor dysplasia were seen during a mean period of 16.4 months. However, 17 per cent of patients in the series had malignancies in other sites. Most patients did well on medical treatment and only two were referred for anti-reflux surgery (both for non-healing oesophageal ulcers). Barrett's oesophagus was seen in 10 per cent of patients with gastro oesophageal reflux at endoscopy. Oesophageal ulceration in patients with Barrett's oesophagus made up 21 per cent of oesophageal ulcers seen and benign oesophageal stricture in patients with Barrett's oesophagus constituted 13 per cent of all benign strictures seen. Barrett's oesophagus is common in our population and despite complications, it can be managed successfully, at least in the short term, by conservative means. PMID- 3498965 TI - Long-term intellectual dysfunction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a six month follow-up study. AB - As part of a prospective study of neurological and neuropsychological complications of coronary bypass surgery, 259 patients underwent psychometric assessment before operation and at seven days and six months after operation using a battery of 10 standard tests of intellectual function. This report describes the natural history of intellectual dysfunction soon after surgery and the incidence and functional impact of late neuropsychological impairment. The mean neuropsychological scores for the whole group remained unchanged or improved compared with levels before operation for the majority of the 10 tests. Analysis of the test scores for individuals showed that 147 of 259 (57 per cent) patients showed deterioration on at least one test score at six months. The degree of impairment was usually mild. One hundred and thirty of the 147 patients showed mild cognitive dysfunction (score deterioration on one or two tests) and only 17 patients had moderate or severe impairment (score deterioration on three or more tests). Detectable neuropsychological deterioration at six months often did not matter to the patient in functional terms. Seventy-one per cent of these patients had no significant symptoms; 27 per cent had minor symptoms and only 2 per cent were seriously disabled. Of the patients unemployed at six months, in only one case was intellectual impairment the factor preventing return to work. A search for possible predisposing factors for long-term intellectual dysfunction was made using a multivariate analysis of 91 variables for each patient. Cardiac failure before surgery and global impairment of left ventricular function were the only factors showing significant correlation. PMID- 3498966 TI - [Present status and trends in nuclear medicine diagnosis in oncology]. PMID- 3498967 TI - [15 years' experience in radiation synovectomy in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3498968 TI - [Present status and trends in the gamma camera and image-processing systems in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 3498969 TI - [Status and trends in image processing in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 3498970 TI - [Rational documentation of findings--but how?]. PMID- 3498971 TI - Lymphoma, melanoma, colon cancer: diagnosis and treatment with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. The 1986 Eugene P. Pendergrass New Horizons Lecture. AB - The development of monoclonal antibodies for use as in vivo carriers of radioactivity for diagnosis and therapy of malignant neoplasms is proceeding rapidly within academic and commercial sectors. The author and his colleagues studied anticancer antibodies formed against tumors of both somatic and hematopoietic origins. Several general principles have been established with the work with somatic tumors, including the following: Improved tumor-to-normal tissue ratios can be achieved with Fab fragments as opposed to whole IgG; each antitumor antibody has a characteristic biodistribution in humans that cannot be readily predicted from tissue or small animal studies; and for many antibodies, there is a strong dependency of tumor uptake on total mass amount of antibody administered (greater uptake with greater mass dose). Initial work with iodine 131 labeled Fab fragments of the antimelanoma antibodies, 96.5 and 48-7, documented that tumor uptake was broadly proportional to antigen content of the tumors and that under optimal conditions, some tumors were sufficiently loaded with radiolabeled antibody to serve as radiation therapy. In one patient, an objective response was seen that lasted for 4 months; of five other patients, one had long-term stabilization of a previously rapidly growing tumor; two other patients had no response at doses of radioactivity that had caused significant bone marrow suppression but no treatment-related symptoms or morbidity. The antitumor antibody B-72.3, as IgG, has been particularly promising when administered intraperitoneally. In ten patients who were administered I-131 B 72.3 via a Tenkhoff catheter, the sensitivity and specificity of tumor location were excellent for peritoneal implants, and in three of these patients, surgically confirmed tumor was seen with the radiolabeled antibody technique when abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance studies were negative. In a separate series of 20 patients with mycoses fungoides, the anti-lymphoma antibody T-101 (recognizes the pan T-cell antigen, T-65), when labeled with indium-111, demonstrated lymph node involvement with greater sensitivity than conventional diagnostic methods and with excellent specificity. Radiolabeled antitumor B-72.3 and T-101 both show promise in antitumor therapy. Although much remains to be done on technical and biologic research levels before these radiopharmaceuticals can be routinely applied to all forms of cancer, these clinical research examples suggest that under proper conditions of use, radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies will have a major impact on the future practice of nuclear medicine. PMID- 3498972 TI - The middle mesenteric artery. AB - Angiography was performed in a 70-year-old man because of a recurrence of massive hemochezia. The angiogram demonstrated a third mesenteric artery, arising from the aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and supplying the splenic flexure. Although many variations of colonic arterial supply have been described, those involving vessels originating from the aorta separate from the celiac, superior mesenteric, or inferior mesenteric arteries are extremely rate. PMID- 3498973 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of Polyfungin in the treatment of prosthetic oral lesions complicated by yeast-like fungi]. PMID- 3498975 TI - [Diagnostic usefulness of early endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhages in a II level hospital. Study of 868 cases]. PMID- 3498976 TI - [Dieulafoy disease: a rare cause of upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3498974 TI - Remote effects in MCA territory ischemic infarction: a study of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism using positron computed tomography and 15O labeled gases. AB - Using positron computed tomography (PCT) and the 15O labeled gas steady-state inhalation technique, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral oxygen consumption (rCMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) can be measured quantitatively in humans. We quantitatively examined the relationship between focal ischemic lesions and intact regions as detected by X-ray CT in such areas as the territory of the contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA), thalami, pons, and cerebellar hemispheres. Twenty-three PCT measurements in 13 patients with unilateral ischemic infarction in the MCA territory as detected by X-ray CT were performed. Remote effects from cerebral infarction of the MCA territory were observed in the contralateral MCA territory, ipsilateral thalamus, brainstem, and contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. Slight depression of rCBF and rCMRO2 was also observed in the contralateral thalamus and ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere; rOEF was normal in these areas. Though the depression of rCBF and rCMRO2 due to remote effects was detected in all periods, it was mildly observed 0 to 6 days after onset. The reduction of rCBF and rCMRO2 due to remote effects was less than the morphological as well as the functional threshold. The phenomenon is probably caused by neuronal deactivation, and the regions with depressed blood flow and metabolism may be in a "resting" state. PMID- 3498978 TI - [Controlled clinical study on the use of imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate in prostatitis]. PMID- 3498977 TI - Physiopathological role of bald-scalp cytosolic proteins. AB - The physiopathological role of androgen binding proteins in male pattern baldness (MPB) has been studied by using tritiated dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and methyltrienolone (R 1881) as ligands. DHT binding in bald scalp from subjects suffering from MPB is high (53 +/- 12 fmol/mg protein) in cytosol obtained from bald areas, being undetectable in hairy areas from the same subject. Since methyltrienolone does not bind in bald scalp cytosol, there must be no specific DHT receptor in this material. Several kinetic and molecular parameters of DHT binding in bald scalp cytosol and serum were similar in both samples. Only the association rate constant (k+1) was significantly higher in serum (8.8 X 10(6) M 1 min-1) than in cytosol (3.08 X 10(6) M-1 min-1). DHT binding in serum as well as the evaluation of plasma contamination in the skin samples (by nephelometric analysis) strongly suggests that DHT binding in skin cytosol is merely due to the presence of contaminating SHBG but it does not explain the lack of DHT binding in non bald areas. Thus, the possibility arises of there being a specific mechanism for the uptake of the plasmatic testosterone SHBG-complex taking place only in the hypertrophic sebaceous gland as well as the existence of active T metabolites other than DHT, probably 3 beta-androstanediol. PMID- 3498979 TI - Cutaneous diffusing capacity increases during hypoxia in cold submerged bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Gas exchange through amphibian skin appears to be primarily diffusion limited; manipulating cutaneous diffusing capacity for oxygen (DO2) may therefore be an important means of regulating cutaneous oxygen uptake (MO2). To test this hypothesis, curarized, cannulated bullfrogs were submerged and exposed to progressive aquatic hypoxia at 5 degrees C, conditions under which all O2 uptake is cutaneous and regulation of cutaneous gas exchange can be expected to be most evident. In normoxic 5 degrees C water, arterial PO2 was low (26 Torr) and the PO2 gradient across the skin was high (114 Torr). MO2 was constant as ambient PO2 decreased from 140 to 80 Torr. The PO2 gradient across the skin decreased 40% (from 114 to 68 Torr) and DO2 increased 40% (from 36 to 49 pmol.g-1.min-1.Torr-1 over this range of ambient PO2. DO2 almost doubled in severe hypoxia (PO2 30 Torr) compared to normoxia. Increased cutaneous DO2 thus helps maintain cutaneous MO2 and arterial O2 saturation in the face of environmental hypoxia. PMID- 3498980 TI - Electrophoretogram of lysates deriving from mononuclear cells. Preliminary observation. AB - Electrophoresis of mononuclear lysates was applied for the first time in the study of the lymphocyte protein content as an additional method beside the rosette test and scanning electron microscopy. The specification of T and B lymphocytes in the presence of discordant results sometimes obtained by the latter methods is facilitated by the additional data supplied by the study of their endoplasmic protein contents. The electfophorogram contributes to a better knowledge of the immunologic status of patients with autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases as well as to a more precise determination of the effects following the administration of immunomodulating treatment. PMID- 3498981 TI - Three kinds of tumour-unique surface molecules on a human T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) detected by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mouse monoclonal antibodies recognizing cell surface molecules on tumour cells from a patient with a T-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (T-CLL) have been produced. Three different types of idiotype-like cell surface structures were identified. One molecule had a relative molecular weight (Mr) of 90,000 under non reduced conditions and of 42,000 upon reduction, which corresponds well to the T cell receptor for antigen (Ti). The two other molecules, which also behaved like unique tumour markers, have not previously been described, to our knowledge. One molecule was a monomer with an Mr of 74,000-80,000 when non-reduced and 80,000 upon reduction. The other idiotypic molecule was a dimer with a non-reduced Mr of 74,000-80,000, and 38,000 after reduction. PMID- 3498982 TI - Transduction of mitogenic signals in T lymphocytes. Role of inositol phospholipids for the rapid activation of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Treatment of human T lymphocytes with mitogenic ligands, such as concanavalin A (Con A), induces a rapid activation of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). This activation occurs within minutes and is completely inhibited when the cells are treated with 1 mM Li+ (in an inositol-free medium) prior to stimulation with Con A. In the presence of 1 mM myo-inositol Li+ has no effect on the Con A induced activation of ODC. To elucidate why inositol is needed for the mitogen induced activation of ODC in T lymphocytes, we tested the ability of different inositol metabolites to reverse the inhibitory effect of Li+. Here we report that inositol phospholipids, in addition to inositol, reverse the Li+-induced inhibition of ODC activation, while all other inositol derivatives tested were ineffective. This indicates that Li+ does not block the activation of ODC by inhibiting the generation of inositol phosphates, but rather by a mechanism which is circumvented if inositol phospholipids are added. The molecular mechanisms involved in the rapid activation of ODC by mitogens in human T lymphocytes apparently require inositol phospholipids, but are not directly mediated by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) alone, diacylglycerol alone, or other inositol phosphates. PMID- 3498983 TI - [Detection of a decreasing trend in the lead burden of the population of West Germany]. PMID- 3498984 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations of the canine inner ear. AB - The sensory epithelia of the inner ear of the dog have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface appearance of the cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals and of the macula utriculi are very similar to other mammalian species. The crista ampullaris of the anterior vertical semicircular canal is divided by a non-sensory septum cruciatum, found in cats and rats but not, for example, in man. The vestibular sensory cells possess two distinct types of stereocilia, one is thick and rigid appearing, the other is thin and limp. Neither type of stereocilium is restricted to a particular hair cell type. From SEM views of the undersurface of the tectorial membrane of the cochlea we show evidence that some inner hair cell stereocilia may be attached to the tectorial membrane. This observation is made only in middle to upper cochlear regions (those subserving transduction of low frequencies of sound). PMID- 3498985 TI - Germ cell-somatic cell relationships: a comparative study of intercellular junctions during spermatogenesis in selected non-mammalian vertebrates. AB - Specialized germ cell-somatic cell relationships were surveyed in the testis of species representative of four classes of non-mammalian vertebrates. Desmosome like junctions were present in all classes studied. In the teleost fish studied (bluegill; Lepomis macrochirus), small, infrequent desmosomes, seen between the spherical cyst cells and spermatocytes, were characterized by poorly represented subsurface densities. In the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), similar desmosome-like junctions were found between cyst cell processes and spermatocytes. Reptilian (turtle; Pseudameys scripta) desmosome-like junctions between Sertoli cells and germ cells were heterogeneous and more numerous than those junctions found in fish and amphibians. In general, the reptilian desmosome-like junctions were extensive structures displaying 10 nm filaments associated with the Sertoli cell component of the junctions. Regions within the desmosome where the two plasma membranes converged suggested that gap junctions were a component of the desmosome-like junctions. "Desmosome-gap" junctions persisted in turtle spermatids for sometime after nuclear elongation had commenced. In birds (chicken; Gallus domesticus), "desmosome-gap" junctions, similar to those seen in turtles were described between both spermatocytes and Sertoli cells, and spermatids and Sertoli cells. These junctions were frequently lined by saccules of endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of gap junctions suggest the evolution of mechanisms for somatic cell-germ cell communication although more species should be examined to confirm this hypothesis. PMID- 3498986 TI - Trophic stimulation of cultured neurons from neonatal rat brain by epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent polypeptide mitogen originally isolated from the adult male mouse submaxillary gland. It also acts as a gastrointestinal hormone. EGF-immunoreactive material has recently been identified within neuronal fibers and terminals in rodent brain. In the present study, EGF was found to enhance survival and process outgrowth of primary cultures of subneocortical telencephalic neurons of neonatal rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was observed with EGF concentrations as low as 100 picograms per milliliter (0.016 nanomolar) and was dependent on the continuous presence of EGF in the medium. Similar effects were observed with basic fibroblast growth factor, but several other growth-promoting substances, including other mitogens for glial elements, were without effect. Thus EGF, in addition to its mitogenic and hormonal activities, may act as a neurite elongation and maintenance factor for select neurons of the rodent central nervous system. PMID- 3498987 TI - Mutations in diphtheria toxin separate binding from entry and amplify immunotoxin selectivity. AB - Monoclonal antibodies linked to toxic proteins (immunotoxins) can selectively kill some tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. However, reagents that combine the full potency of the native toxins with the high degree of cell type selectivity of monoclonal antibodies have not previously been designed. Two heretofore inseparable activities on one polypeptide chain of diphtheria toxin and ricin account for the failure to construct optimal reagents. The B chains (i) facilitate entry of the A chain to the cytosol, which allows immunotoxins to efficiently kill target cells, and (ii) bind to receptors present on most cells, which imparts to immunotoxins a large degree of non-target cell toxicity. This report identifies point mutations in the B polypeptide chain of diphtheria toxin that block binding but allow cytosol entry. Three mutants of diphtheria toxin have 1/1,000 to 1/10,000 the toxicity and 1/100 to 1/8,000 the binding activity of diphtheria toxin. Linking of either of two of the inactivated mutant toxins (CRM103, Phe508; CRM107, Phe390, Phe525) to a monoclonal antibody specific for human T cells reconstitutes full target-cell toxicity--indistinguishable from that of the native toxin linked to the same antibody--without restoring non target cell toxicity. This separation of the entry function from the binding function generates a uniquely potent and cell type-specific immunotoxin that retains full diphtheria toxin toxicity, yet is four to five orders of magnitude less toxic than the native toxin is to nontarget cells. PMID- 3498989 TI - [Effects of stimulation frequency, calcium concentration and temperature on the force-velocity relations of bullfrog atrial muscle]. PMID- 3498988 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in a hemophiliac with transfusion-acquired AIDS. PMID- 3498990 TI - Unemployed youth and health: findings from the pilot phase of a longitudinal study. AB - Contemporary research perspectives on the impact of unemployment on health and well-being among young people have tended to focus on a rather narrow range of outcomes, typically those in the mental health domain. The impetus for the proposed longitudinal study, the main dimensions of which are described in this paper, reflects the need for a more comprehensive profiling of the health needs and experiences of young people if effective interventions tailored to their short and long term health needs are to be developed. The proposed study includes variables from a wide range of domains and adopts an interdisciplinary perspective. The feasibility of the approach, both in terms of establishing appropriately stratified samples and determining the acceptability and utility of the measures proposed has been examined during an extensive pilot phase. Findings from the database established during this phase are presented. These focus on multi-dimensional comparisons of health and well-being between employed and unemployed young people, the impact of socio-economic status of origin on cardiovascular and other indicators, and the correlates of health and well-being among the unemployed. The results point to the potential complexity of the influences on health status and behaviour and the need to develop comprehensive models of this for research and intervention purposes. PMID- 3498991 TI - Intestinal bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 3498992 TI - [Initial experience in the treatment of trigeminal nerve neuralgia using retrogasserian thermocoagulation]. PMID- 3498993 TI - Non-respiratory Pneumocystis infection. PMID- 3498994 TI - von Willebrand's disease in pregnancy. PMID- 3498995 TI - [Obtaining colonies of human T lymphocytes]. PMID- 3498996 TI - [Study of lymphocyte populations and prevalence of HIV antibodies in hemophiliac patients]. PMID- 3498997 TI - [Lymphoma of large cells and hyperlobulated nucleus of B origin. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case]. PMID- 3498998 TI - New headset--retainer--for tube tamponade in bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 3498999 TI - Long-term outcome of revascularization of the anterior coronary arteries with crossed double internal mammary versus saphenous vein grafts. AB - When simultaneous revascularization of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the proximal segments of the diagonal LAD and marginal coronary arteries is required, the direction and location of these vessels allow excellent alignment of the left internal mammary artery (IMA) with the LAD and the right IMA with the diagonal LAD or marginal arteries, an approach originally described in 1976. To analyze and compare the long-term outcome of this approach versus the saphenous vein bypass graft (SVG) approach for anterior coronary revascularization, we reviewed 43 patients who had these crossed double IMAs (CDIMAs) and 53 patients who had SVGs to the same obstructed anterior coronary arteries during 1973 to 1978; 32 patients in the CDIMA group and 43 in the SVG group also had SVGs to other diseased vessels. The two groups had similar demographic and epidemiologic characteristics. The linearized incidence of late cardiac death, reoperation, recurrent angina, and infarction was 0.2%, 0.7%, 1.4%, and 0% per patient-year, respectively, in the CDIMA group, and 1.6%, 2.4%, 7.8%, and 1.8% per patient-year in the SVG group (p less than 0.01 for each event). At 5 years, the actuarial number of patients with CDIMAs free of late cardiac death was 100%, of reoperation 98%, of recurrent angina 98% (p less than 0.01), and infarction 100% (p less than 0.01), versus 94%, 98%, 84%, and 94%, respectively, in the SVG group. At 10 years, the actuarial incidence of all events was substantially and significantly less in patients with CDIMAs. CDIMAs have significantly better prognostic effects than SVGs when revascularization of the anterior coronary arteries is required. This is currently our preferred approach in these selected patients. PMID- 3499000 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 3499001 TI - Intrathoracic mycotic aneurysm detected by indium-111 labelled autologous neutrophils with single photon emission computed tomography. PMID- 3499003 TI - Continuous respiratory support in quadriplegic children by bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation. AB - Three children, aged 6-10 years, in whom cervical cord injury at the C1-C2 level resulted in apnoea had bilateral implantation of diaphragm pacemakers. With periods of gradual conditioning of the diaphragm muscle to low frequency stimulation and slow respiratory rates they adapted to continuous ventilatory support by simultaneous stimulation of both hemidiaphragms without evidence of fatigue, so far for periods of 23-47 months. PMID- 3499002 TI - Role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - To examine the possibility that mast cells have a central role in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 20 patients with this disease were studied with the aim of seeking evidence for mast cell degranulation. The number of mast cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis was more than 1,000 times greater than those recovered from normal individuals. Furthermore, discontinuation of antigen exposure resulted in an increase in the number of mast cells observed, consistent with the possibility that antigen exposure had induced mast cell degranulation. Cessation of antigen exposure also resulted in a rapid decrease in the number of neutrophils and eosinophils recovered by lavage, followed by an increase in the number of T8+ T lymphocytes present. In each case the time course of the changes was consistent with the possibility that mast cell degranulation had been important in regulating the number of the immune and inflammatory cells present in the lung. Histamine was present in lavage fluid supernatant from patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The amount of histamine present was, however, closely correlated with the number of mast cells present and not with the interval since last antigen exposure. Delay in separating cells from lavage fluid supernatant resulted in an increase in histamine content. These results suggest that the free histamine in lavage fluid resulted from the degranulation of mast cells induced by the lavage procedure as histamine released in vivo has a short half life. We suggest that hypersensitivity pneumonitis results from a "late phase reaction" initiated by antigen induced mast cell degranulation. PMID- 3499004 TI - The capillary thrombometer and von Willebrand factor. AB - A modified capillary thrombometer was constructed to study the rate of thrombus formation using heparinized whole blood (2 U/ml) from 4 different groups of pigs: normal, heterozygous von Willebrand's disease (vWD), homozygous vWD, and platelet storage pool disease (SPD). The median thrombosis times for the 4 groups of pigs were: 5.3 min (range = 3.0-14), 31 min (range = 4.0-47), 55 min (range = 41-60), and 60 min (range = 15-60), respectively. Significant differences were demonstrated between all pig groups (p less than .01 - p less than .001), except between the homozygous vWD pigs and the SPD pigs (p = 0.8), both of which are clinical bleeders. Cryoprecipitate was infused into 3 pigs with homozygous vWD. Partial correction of the capillary thrombometer thrombosis time and the in vivo ear bleeding time was observed. Murine monoclonal antibodies to porcine von Willebrand factor were added to normal pig whole blood samples in the capillary thrombometer. Four of six antibodies prolonged the thrombosis time and had similar effects on the ear bleeding time. Using these monoclonal antibodies, an immunoperoxidase stain demonstrated plasmatic and platelet associated von Willebrand factor in sections of thrombi from the capillary thrombometer. These experiments confirm that von Willebrand factor is important to thrombus formation in the capillary thrombometer and that measurements by this instrument may relate to in vivo hemostasis as measured by the ear bleeding time. PMID- 3499005 TI - Intravenous high-dose IgG therapy induced alterations of spleen lymphocyte IgM secretion and T cell subsets in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - High-dose intravenous (IV) IgG therapy is an effective possible means of raising platelet counts in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In order to elucidate further the mechanism of action of such treatment we comparatively studied spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) from two groups of ITP patients. Group I consisted of 9 patients who had not received any recent treatment before splenectomy. The 8 patients in group II had received IV IgG infusions 1-5 days before splenectomy. The SMC were cultured either unstimulated or stimulated by pokeweed-mitogen (PWM), and proliferation (as assessed by 3H thymidine uptake), and IgG and IgM secretion were measured. In addition T lymphocyte subsets were determined in the SMC by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3,4,8). By comparison with group I SMC, our results in group II SMC mainly showed a significant decrease in proliferation and IgM secretion, in both unstimulated and PWM stimulated cultures. In addition, a significant decrease in the proportion of T helper-inducer lymphocytes (OKT4+ cells) was also found in group II SMC, as compared to group I SMC. However, these immunological alterations in group II SMC were paradoxically more pronounced in those patients who failed to respond to IV IgG infusions. Thus, these results suggest that, although immune suppression takes place in the SMC of ITP patients following IV IgG therapy, it has not a pronounced effect on the increase of platelet. PMID- 3499006 TI - Effect of fish oil concentrates on hemorheological and hemostatic aspects of diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study. AB - Fish oil concentrates (Max EPA) were given without other diet modification for eight weeks to five insulin-dependent diabetics and five healthy volunteers, in order to determine their effect on possible in vitro indices of thrombosis. Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, platelet count, and the osmotic fragility of red blood cells were not significantly changed from baseline values after eight weeks of fish oil consumption. Serum triglyceride levels were lowered by the fish oil (diabetics 130 +/- 23 to 89 +/- 26 mg/dl: normals 107 +/- 16 to 57 +/- 5 mg/dl). Nine out of ten subjects required more arachidonic acid to aggregate their platelets, and six out of ten required more collagen. Whole blood viscosity at low shear rates was increased in diabetics before the fish oil ingestion, and was reduced both in normals and in diabetics after eight weeks of treatment. Before fish oil administration, the diabetics had higher levels of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) (208 +/- 31%) than did controls (117 +/- 26%). There was a statistically significant decrease of serum von Willebrand Factor both in diabetics (p less than 0.01) and in normals (p less than 0.05) after six weeks of treatment. Analysis of the multimeric composition of the vWF indicated that the vWF molecule was not altered. Addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or crude fish oil to human umbilical cord endothelial cell cultures did not change vWF levels in the supernatant. Whether these changes in platelet aggregation, whole blood viscosity and vWF can actually be translated into an in vivo amelioration of the vascular complications in diabetes remains to be determined in a carefully controlled clinical trial. PMID- 3499007 TI - A sensitive assay of extrinsic coagulation pathway inhibitor (EPI) in plasma and plasma fractions. AB - We have previously shown that addition of adsorbed plasma to a mixture of TP and FVII reduces the amount of subsequently added FX that can be activated. We now report that this inhibitory effect of plasma is increased dramatically by first incubating TP and FVII with a minor amount of FX. This results in a progressive loss in the ability of TP-FVIIa to convert subsequently added FX to FXa. An assay system quantitating the inhibitory effect of 1 microliter of heated, citrated plasma is described. Optimal inhibition is obtained when the initial amount of FX added is about 0.00125 U, which is 1/16 of the amount used as reagent to measure remaining TP-FVIIa. FVII and FX must be removed from test plasma prior to assay. The inhibitory activity is reduced more by BaSO4 adsorption than by heating plasma to 56 degrees C for 15 minutes. Gel filtration of plasma separates three distinct fractions with inhibitory activity. PMID- 3499008 TI - [Telangiopathies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3499009 TI - [Exulceratio simplex Dieulafoy. A cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3499011 TI - [Acute epiglottitis caused by beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae type b]. PMID- 3499010 TI - [Malignant ventricular arrhythmia. Treatment with physiologically guided surgery]. PMID- 3499012 TI - Histocompatibility studies in pre-eclampsia. AB - Full HLA-A, B and DR types were obtained for 22 families (mothers, fathers and neonates) associated with severe (proteinuric) pre-eclampsia, 21 families associated with mild pre-eclampsia, and 132 families associated with normal pregnancies. There was an increased frequency of DR4 (relative risk 3.6: p less than 0.003, uncorrected) in both neonates and mothers of the severe pre-eclampsia families when compared to the normotensive controls. There were no significant differences between either pre-eclampsia group and controls in HLA antigen homozygosity, HLA antigen sharing or in lymphocytotoxin production. PMID- 3499014 TI - Optic disc swelling in sympathetic ophthalmitis and Harada's disease. AB - In sympathetic ophthalmitis and Harada's disease the fundus appearance is characterised by pale areas of elevated retina associated with a diffuse choroidal abnormality on fluorescein angiography. Optic disc swelling, though constant, is rarely prominent. Four patients, one with sympathetic ophthalmitis and three with Harada's disease, are described, in whom optic disc swelling with visual loss was the predominent sign at one stage of the disease. PMID- 3499013 TI - Antigen inhibition of the interaction between murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies and human monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies. AB - Monoclonal anti-idiotypic (Id) antibodies to human monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies were obtained by a somatic cell hybridization. One, termed as D1E2, was directed to Id of anti-single-stranded (ss) DNA antibody (0-81) and the other, 1F5, to anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody (NE-1). Each anti-Id antibody behaved like a mirror image of the corresponding antigens, when determined by competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay. Therefore, D1E2 and 1F5 are regarded as Ab2 beta or Ab2 gamma. These antibodies will make useful reagents to understand and manipulate the autoantibody production in human. PMID- 3499015 TI - The protective effect of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood tuberculosis in an African community. AB - The latest controlled trial of BCG vaccination in southern India showed that two vaccines failed to confer protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. This result cast serious doubt on the effectiveness of BCG vaccination of the newborn, which is widely applied in developing countries. Therefore, WHO initiated a global research study to evaluate current programmes in developing countries. Part of this study was carried out in Lome, Togo, in which child contacts of newly detected patients were followed up with clinical and radiological examinations. All observations were recorded according to a scoring system. Concomitant observations were made to verify the comparability of the vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Of the child contacts of 352 index cases, 1421 completed the examinations. The distribution of the final score made it possible to distinguish 175 children likely to suffer from tuberculosis: 113 among the 546 unvaccinated and 62 among the 875 vaccinated children. Significant incomparability was observed in respect of intensity of exposure: the vaccination coverage was relatively low, and the risk of disease relatively high, if a parent was the index case or the child shared the bedroom of the index case (which very often coincided). The other variables studied, including age and sex, turned out to be practically irrelevant as regards comparability. The estimate of the protective effect against all types of tuberculosis combined is 61.5%, which is slightly lower than suggested by the raw data (66%). The protective effect, however, appeared to increase considerably with severity of disease. In children of 5 years and older it was lower than in the younger children. Tuberculin testing failed to reveal any sensitivity induced by BCG in the vaccinated children. The distribution of the tuberculin reactions correlated poorly with the other diagnostic findings. Small reactions were only slightly more frequent in healthy than in sick children; only the very large reactions were associated with a higher risk of disease. This confirms that the tuberculin test is of very limited diagnostic value in young children. PMID- 3499016 TI - Convulsions after treatment with pyrazinamide. AB - A case is presented of a 2-year-old boy with pulmonary tuberculosis who developed convulsions during treatment which appeared to be caused by pyrazinamide. PMID- 3499017 TI - A study of the use of maternity and child welfare clinics in case-finding for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya. AB - This investigation is the seventh in a series of case-finding studies in Kenya. It explores the potential value of questioning mothers attending maternity and child welfare (M & CW) clinics to identify tuberculosis suspects (individuals aged 6 years or more with a cough for 1 month or more or hemoptysis) living in their households. The study was carried out in all the eight M & CW clinics in two divisions (populations 86,000 and 112,000) of two different districts. The mothers were asked to give a standard letter, which explained the possible importance of a chronic cough, to each suspect they identified and invited the suspect to attend the district hospital chest clinic. Each suspect attending the clinic was entered in a special register and two sputum specimens were collected. For those who failed to attend, the specimens were collected at a home visit. Of the total of 342 suspects living in the two study areas who were registered at the M & CW clinics during 1 year, 261 were identified by the mothers but 19 denied having received the standard letter. The remaining 81 had not been identified by mothers but had attended the M & CW clinics on their own initiative. Of the 242 suspects who received the letter, 89 (39%) attended the hospital chest clinic, 74% within a week of the letter being issued from the M & CW clinic. The main reasons given for not attending the hospital chest clinic by the remaining suspects were financial or because their cough had improved or disappeared. Sputum was collected from 238 suspects and examined bacteriologically: in six (2.5%) it was positive for tubercle bacilli on smear and culture and in a further two (0.8%) the sputum was positive on culture only. Of those attending the hospital chest clinic 2.9% were smear- and culture positive and 4.7% were culture positive. This method of case-finding has yielded disappointing results, for only 4% of the estimated annual incidence of smear positive cases was detected. PMID- 3499018 TI - Positron emission tomography: an animal model of spinal distribution of drugs after intrathecal administration. AB - An animal model has been developed in the Rhesus monkey for noninvasive monitoring of CSF transport of drugs by external detectors i.e. positron emission tomography. The model compromises the cannulation of the subarachnoid space (with a spinal needle), and has been used without any damage to the monkey. With the method it was shown that injection rate had a major influence on the transport rate of 68GaCl3 in the CSF. Injection of 0.5 ml over 60 sec gave the highest radioactivity near the injection site, whereas an injection rate of this volume over 10 sec resulted in high radioactivity more rostrally shortly after injection. This method have been of value for the determination of drug kinetics after spinal administration. PMID- 3499019 TI - Rabbit husbandry and medicine. AB - This article reviews biological characteristics and husbandry practices affecting rabbit health, with emphasis on nutrition, housing, and breeding. Clinical and therapeutic procedures, zoonotic concerns, and important bacterial, protozoal, and parasitic diseases and reproductive problems are discussed. PMID- 3499020 TI - Guinea pig husbandry and medicine. AB - Guinea pigs are hardy, gentle, virtually odor-free rodents. Their adverse, often lethal response to antibiotics requires an appropriate program of nutrition, husbandry, and handling, which are reviewed in this article. A summary of anatomical characteristics, basic biology, and reproductive data is provided. Diseases of practical clinical significance, primarily those of bacterial or nutritional origin, are also reviewed. PMID- 3499021 TI - Husbandry and medicine of small rodents. AB - Biology, physiology, husbandry, and commonly occurring diseases of small rodent pets, including the Syrian hamster, Mongolian gerbil, rat, and mouse, are presented. PMID- 3499022 TI - Mink. AB - This chapter presents the basic biology and husbandry of mink as they have been used in commercial production units. Clinical laboratory data are summarized. Veterinary care is divided into viral and bacterial diseases along with several noninfectious disease sections. PMID- 3499024 TI - Exotic pet medicine. PMID- 3499023 TI - Reptiles. AB - Basic techniques that will allow the clinician to properly evaluate the ill reptile are discussed. How to take a complete history and a systematic approach to physical examination are emphasized. Techniques for collection of samples for clinical evaluation and selection of drugs for treating ill reptiles are reviewed briefly. PMID- 3499025 TI - Economic considerations of establishing an exotic pet practice. AB - Written by a veterinarian involved in a private practice at a small animal hospital in Pennsylvania, this article describes a number of the exotic pet cases presented at the hospital and treated as part of the hospital's normal routine. Economic considerations of actively pursuing laboratory animal pets as patients are addressed as well. PMID- 3499026 TI - Ringworm in housed sheep. PMID- 3499027 TI - Color discrimination and neural coding in color deficients. AB - Rayleigh color match ranges obtained from color deficient observers varied considerably as a function of spatial and temporal parameters of stimulus presentation. The results suggest that color discrimination losses in color deficients result from abnormalities in the spatial and temporal properties of neural coding in addition to cone photopigment abnormalities. PMID- 3499028 TI - Rod and cone system contributions to oscillatory potentials: an explanation for the conditioning flash effect. AB - The oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the human electroretinogram (ERG) are smaller in response to the initial flash of a series than to subsequent flashes. To investigate a possible rod system contribution to this "conditioning flash effect," we have examined OPs in normals and rod monochromats. The OPs recorded from rod monochromats were similar to those recorded from normals under test conditions that selectively stimulate rods. However, under conditions that in normals stimulate both rods and cones and that result in maximal amplitude of the OPs, the rod monochromats exhibit markedly reduced OPs. This finding suggests that the initial (conditioning) flash operates by adapting the rod system contribution to the OPs, so that the OPs in response to subsequent flashes result primarily from the cone system. In agreement with this hypothesis, the conditioning flash effect did not occur when flashes were presented against a background which eliminated the rod system response nor during the cone plateau phase of dark adaptation. PMID- 3499029 TI - An antioxidative role of ocular screening pigments. AB - The action of ocular screening pigments of vertebrates (melanins) as well as those of invertebrates (ommochromes) on lipid peroxidation has been studied. Lipid peroxidation has been induced by one of the following systems: Fe2+ + ascorbic acid; Fe2+ + NADPH + liver microsomes; xanthine + xanthine oxidase; u.v. illumination; intense visible light, high concentration of O2. Measurements of the lipid peroxidation rate, as estimated from the accumulation of malonic dialdehyde, showed a sharp decrease of the lipid peroxidation rate in the presence of either melanosomes or ommochromes. Synthetic DOPA melanin was also found to exert a strong inhibiting effect on lipid peroxidation. A comparative study of lipid peroxidation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of pigmented and albino rabbits demonstrated that the latter tissue is more sensitive to the effect of the above mentioned prooxidant systems. Apparently this finding is related to the presence of melanin-containing granules in the pigmented tissue rather than to differences in efficiency of other endogenous antioxidant systems. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase are practically equal in the RPE of pigmented and albino rabbits whereas the alpha-tocopherol content is higher in albinos. Possible mechanisms of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by melanosomes and ommochromes are discussed. It is proposed that their antioxidant function is one of the most important physiological features of melanins (vertebrate eye) and ommochromes (invertebrate eye). PMID- 3499030 TI - Equilibrium hue judgements of dichromats. AB - It is generally held that protanopes and deuteranopes see only regions of blues and yellows in the visible spectrum, with an achromatic point, called the neutral point, separating these regions. Considerations of a zone model of color vision for the dichromatic observer led us to predict that a reduced form of red/green discrimination would allow equilibrium blue judgements to be made by protanopes. We show that protanopes can make equilibrium blue determinations with as much reliability as they make neutral point settings. Our results indicate that protanopes but not deuteranopes are able to rely on a reduced form of red/green discrimination in the short wavelength part of the spectrum. Protanopes describe wavelengths longer than the neutral point as yellow. Between the neutral point and equilibrium blue, different wavelengths are described as having varying aspects of blue and green; and short of equilibrium blue they appear reddish blue. For dueteranopes, the spectrum longer than the neutral point appears yellow, and short of it, blue. The results of our experiments showing that the protanopic equilibrium blue is invariant with intensity variations, as it is in the trichromat, add support to the idea of a reduced form of red/green discrimination for protanopes. Our results also allow the evaluation of various models of protanopia. PMID- 3499031 TI - [Determination of inhibitory activity derived from leukemic cells and its use in clinical practice]. PMID- 3499032 TI - [Lysozyme as a modulator of immunological reactions]. AB - Effect of lysozyme on some immunochemical reactions was studied, involving rosette-developing properties of T lymphocytes and lymphocyte adhesion. The rosette-forming activity of the cells was shown to increase after addition of lysozyme in vitro as well as after treatment with lysozyme in vivo. Participation of lysozyme in activation of complement via various pathways is considered. PMID- 3499033 TI - [Decreased count of small lymphocytes in the blood of patients with malignant bone tumors]. AB - Blood small lymphocyte (not exceeding 7.5 micron in diameter) counts obtained from patients with malignant bone tumors in the course of primary examination were 40-75% those in healthy subjects. The said changes were registered only in some patients with osteoblastoclastoma; they were not observed in cases of trauma, osteomyelitis, sepsis, spontaneous osteolysis and chronic synovitis. The study failed to establish a correlation between blood small lymphocyte count, on the one hand, and concentrations of total, stable and active T-lymphocytes as well as autologous E-rosettes, on the other. In the course of separation of lymphocytes in percoll density gradients, small lymphocytes concentrated in high density fractions. Purified small lymphocytes of healthy subjects appeared to be mainly T-lymphocytes, particularly, "activated" ones. Proliferative response to PHA and production of interleukin-2 in cell cultures showing high levels of small lymphocytes were higher than in those with moderate or low concentration of the said cells. Small lymphocytes are considered to be a special subset of T-cells which exhibit high functional activity and may be identified only morphologically. Lowered counts of these cells are attributed to neoplastic growth. PMID- 3499034 TI - [Trends in inpatient geriatric psychiatry care in West Germany]. AB - Studies in the U.S.A., Great Britain and Denmark have shown marked reductions in recent decades in the numbers of psychiatric hospital beds occupied by elderly patients. In order to examine the corresponding trends in psychogeriatric in patient provision in the Federal Republic of Germany, a survey was undertaken of psychiatric admission and bed-occupancy rates for the elderly population in the different regions of the country since 1970. Because of the often incomplete nature of the available data, and the lack of comparability between the documentation and statistical returns in the various regions, no comprehensive or nation-wide overview of the situation is possible. In the few regions for which relatively complete data could be obtained, basically similar trends in psychiatric admission and bed-occupancy rates could be demonstrated. While the annual rates of admission and the numbers of treatment episodes have continued to increase, the psychiatric bed-occupancy rates appear to have undergone a large reduction. The rate per 1000 persons aged over 65 years fell in Hesse from 3.0 to 1.7 (or 43%) in the period 1971-1982; in Schleswig-Holstein from 2.8 to 2.1 (or 25%) between 1971 and 1979, and in North Rhine-Westphalia from 1.8 to 1.4 (or by 22%) in 1974-1982.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499036 TI - Ambulatory blood pressure recordings. PMID- 3499035 TI - [Studies on NK cell-target interactions]. PMID- 3499037 TI - Comparison of the thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase and urokinase on canine coronary artery thrombosis and the mechanism of urokinase-induced hemorrhage. AB - The thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase (DF) and urokinase (UK) was evaluated and compared in a canine model in which left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) thrombus formation was initiated by electrical stimulation (150 UA, DC) of the arterial intimal surface via an implanted copper wire electrode. Forty-eight mongrel dogs were equally divided into 8 groups: six groups for both intravenous (iv) and intracoronary (ic) infusion of DF, UK and normal saline 30 min after complete obstruction by a LCX thrombus, the remaining two groups for iv infusion DF and UK 360 min after occlusion. Results showed that in the control groups no LCX recanalization after infusion occurred, but all the treated groups recanalized when drug infusion started 30 min after occlusion. Thrombus wet weight and infarct size were much higher in the control group. No significant differences were found between treated groups except that the recanalizing speed was fastest by ic UK with the highest occurrence rate of reperfusion arrhythmia. For 6-hour-old thrombi, DF was more effective than UK for recanalization. Thrombus wet weight and infarct size were lower in the recanalized dogs. Both agents reduced plasma plasminogen and fibrinogen significantly but serious incision bleeding was only found in the UK group. In order to study the mechanism underlying UK-induced hemorrhage, we observed the influences of UK and DF on blood coagulation factors in another 12 dogs. Results showed that DF only reduced factor 1 while UK additionally reduced coagulation factors 2, 7, 8 and 10, indicating that the non-selective depletive effect on coagulation factors may be one of the mechanisms of UK-induced hemorrhage. We conclude that both DF and UK can lyse fresh coronary thrombi, DF was more effective than UK on lysing older thrombi, considering its convenient use and less frequency of side effects, DF is therefore considered a more promising agent clinically. PMID- 3499039 TI - A case of paroxysmal rate dependent intra-His bundle block. AB - We present a symptomatic bradycardia-dependent paroxysmal atrio-ventricular (A-V) block occurred within the bundle of His. Paroxysmal A-V block was caused by atrial or ventricular premature beats and also by sinus slowing. This case also showed tachycardia-dependent A-V block within the bundle of His. We also discussed the controversial mechanisms of paroxysmal A-V block. PMID- 3499038 TI - Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with unstable angina pectoris: evaluation of medical treatment. AB - Sixteen patients under treatment for unstable angina (UA) were subjected to 24 hour Holter monitoring after having been asymptomatic for at least 12 hours. 12 lead ECGs were obtained every 4 hours and when anginal pain supervened. Six patients (37.50%) had no evidence of ischemia in the Holter recordings and in the 12.lead ECGs and reported no anginal pain; five (31.25%) reported no pain but had evidence of ischemia in the Holter recordings and five (31.25%) reported anginal pain and had evidence of ischemia both in the Holter recordings and in the 12 lead ECGs. The probability for a 12-lead ECG to record an episode of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) was only 1.54 x 10(-5). Medical treatment using conventional criteria was successful in 11 patients (68.75%). If the results of Holter monitoring are considered, the success rate was 37.50% (6 out of 16 patients free from ischemia). We conclude that as Holter monitoring reveals the episodes of SMI, it is a better means for assessing the results of medical treatment. PMID- 3499040 TI - Left ventricular right atrial communication. A case report. AB - Left ventricular-right atrial communication is a relatively rare surgically corrigible congenital heart defect. We report a case with review of the literature. PMID- 3499041 TI - Complement activation following multiple injuries. AB - Complement activation was evaluated by assay of plasma C3dg and the terminal complement complex (TCC) in 19 patients with multiple injuries. In the nine patients with thoracic involvement, statistically significant increase of plasma TCC was found at first sampling (average 90 min post-trauma), and of C3dg after 24 hours. Such increase was not found in the ten patients without thoracic involvement. Heightened granulocyte elastase activity was found in bronchial lavage fluid 90 min after the trauma in three patients with thoracic injury. Pulmonary insufficiency (pO2/FiO2 less than 16 kPa on intermittent positive pressure ventilation) arose in four patients. All four had raised plasma levels of TCC or C3dg on arrival at the hospital. Six patients with complement activation did not show pulmonary insufficiency. Although the series was relatively small, the results indicate that thoracic injury is particularly associated with complement activation, and that complement activation alone does not suffice to produce post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. PMID- 3499042 TI - Influence of injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices in liver cirrhosis on the haemostatic system. PMID- 3499043 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal and jejunal diseases]. AB - We presented and studied the endoscopic diagnosis of the duodenal ulcer, duodenal tumors and duodenal bleeding. Duodenal Ulcer is classified according as location, form and evolutive stage. Duodenal tumors are divided in polyps, primitive tumors, pancreas anomaly and lymphoma. Duodenal bleeding can be diagnosed according its cause (inflammatory, tumors vascular and traumatic). It is emphasized the importance of the indications and methods of the enteroscopy. We show our experience in 313 duodenal ulcers cases and 98 enteroscopic diagnosis. PMID- 3499044 TI - [Endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices]. AB - A complete revision is presented of the indications, contraindications, results and complications, and also the different techniques employed, and a short story of the sclerosing technique in all the world. Also, a study of the different physiopathological subjects of the formation and bleeding of the esophageal varices. We also present the results of the 202 patients treated by our group, in a 8 year period. The overall survival is 65% and the hemorrhage suppression is 87.9%. The complication were smallest, and only one death was imputable to this technique. PMID- 3499045 TI - [Control of upper digestive tract hemorrhage with Nd-Yag laser]. AB - Among the emergency procedures in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding the endoscopy is the most accurate; it will establish the diagnosis in about 95% of the cases, before an adequate treatment can be prescribed. Several endoscopic techniques have been employed to control the bleeding and laser photocoagulation, which applies luminous energy, restrain the bleeding. Nd-Yag laser photocoagulation was used in a retrospective study of 217 patients with active upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In all of the cases the bleeding was controlled at the moment of the endoscopic procedure. In 29 patients the hemorrhage recurred, mostly due to diffuse lesions like gastritis duodenitis of esophageal varices and only 18 of these patients required emergency surgery. There were no complications with the procedure. According to these results the Nd-Yag laser photocoagulation is an effective procedure for control of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It avoids emergency surgery and, if surgery is required later, the patients will be in better conditions. Gastrointestinal Bleeding, emergency endoscopy, Nd-Yag Laser, photocoagulation. PMID- 3499046 TI - Malignant triton tumour in the cerebellopontine angle. Report of a case. AB - A report is given of a 24-year-old woman with a malignant cerebellopontine angle tumour, which appeared to have arisen from the 8th nerve sheath. It had a predominantly fasciculated, spindle-cell, Schwannoma-like structure, but also included rhabdomyoblastic elements and a diagnosis of malignant triton tumour is proposed. The patient did not have Von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 3499047 TI - The effect of pregnancy on functions of inflammatory cells in healthy women and in patients with rheumatic disease. AB - Chemiluminescence (CL) after zymosan stimulated phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) and mononuclear cells (MNC), random migration of PMN and intra and extracellular activities of nine lysosomal enzymes were assessed serially in 8 healthy women and 10 women with rheumatic disease during and after pregnancy. A gestational increase of lysosomal enzymes in serum and enhancement of PMN random migration was observed in all women. Significant differences between healthy and rheumatic women were found for CL of phagocytic cells. In healthy women, CL of PMN was slightly enhanced, while it remained unchanged in MNC during pregnancy. In patients, CL of PMN was markedly suppressed, while MNC CL increased during gestation. An inverse relationship between CL and intracellular enzyme activities was noted. Thus, the presence of an inflammatory state seemed to influence the gestational behavior of phagocytic cells. PMID- 3499048 TI - Early vitrectomy in the treatment of post-operative purulent endophthalmitis. AB - In 1979-85, 12 cases of purulent postoperative endophthalmitis (PPE) were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids and vitreous surgery. In 11 eyes endophthalmitis developed after cataract surgery, in 6 of them after an intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, in one eye after trabeculectomy. Signs related to an intraocular infection appeared 2 to 32 days after surgery, earlier in eyes with an IOL or post-operative complications than in those without. All 5 eyes where vitrectomy was performed within 24 h from the beginning of symptoms retained useful vision (0.1-0.6), whereas 2 of the 7 eyes where vitrectomy was performed later were lost. In the latter two the causative agent was streptococcus. No IOL implants were removed. PMID- 3499049 TI - Morphological evidence of vestibular pathology in long-term experimental diabetes mellitus. II. Connective tissue and neuroepithelial pathology. AB - The influence of long-term experimental diabetes on the saccule and utricle was investigated with light and electron microscopy. Pathological changes involving the connective tissue cells of the subneuroepithelial connective tissue suggest that these cells may play a potentially important role in diabetic pathology of the inner ear. In diabetic animals there was an increased incidence of secondary lysosomes within the connective tissue cells as well as an accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets that increased with the level of hyperglycemia. Five animals with relatively more severe diabetes also had an extensive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Two of these rats with longer diabetes duration had a small number of degenerating type I hair cells scattered through the saccular neuroepithelium, possibly due to chronic stresses from impaired diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste material through the dense extracellular matrix. Utricles of these same animals did not have any degenerating hair cells. PMID- 3499050 TI - Vestibular dysfunction causing instability in aged patients. AB - Unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) is a common vestibular dysfunction. Its influence upon the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) is studied by posturography. The postural sway is disturbed when the VSR is disregulated because of the UVH. The degree of disturbance depends on the effectivity of the central compensation. Our results indicate that these adaptive mechanisms become less effective with advancing age. The importance of ocular fixation as a compensatory mechanism is also obvious. The comparison between posturographic recordings made with eyes open and those made with eyes closed, shows that, in elderly people, more abnormal posturographic recordings are found with eyes closed. Accordingly, with regard to the problem of falling in the elderly, the function of the vestibular system must be assessed and especially its influence upon the standing posture. The combination of classical vestibular and posturographic results affords this indispensable information. PMID- 3499052 TI - Investigations into vestibular evoked responses. AB - Acceleratory stimulations reproducing the characteristics of the physiological head rotation movement--a rotation by 90 degrees from the centre to the lateral position, or vice-versa, within a time space of 0.6-1 s--have been applied. Evoked responses were obtained from 34 normal individuals, the characteristics of which may be considered as sufficient proof of their essentially vestibular origin. No response was recorded in patients whose vestibular function was completely lost, bilaterally. A consistently reduced response has been observed in patients with unilateral complete loss of the vestibular function. PMID- 3499053 TI - A comparative study of the isolated anterior and posterior semicircular canals of the bull frog. AB - The anterior semicircular canals of bull frogs were isolated and the cupula was removed from the crista and the sensory cilia on the crista were depressed toward the canal side by a glass micropipette. Seven points on the crista were selected for stimulation. Decremental time constants of the anterior ampullary nerve action potentials were measured. The longer time constants were measured at the lateral points of stimulation which progressively shortened toward the central point. The overall values of the time constant were significantly shorter than those of the posterior semicircular canal. This indicates that the anterior semicircular canal has a larger number of phasic receptors than the posterior canal. PMID- 3499051 TI - Chemical labyrinthectomy with NaCl. Meniere's disease treatment with deposition of NaCl in the vestibule. AB - Thirteen individuals with unilateral Meniere's disease were chosen for experimental chemical labyrinthectomy. All subjects suffered from frequent attacks of disabling vertigo and had mean pure-tone thresholds greater than 50 dB in the affected ear. The surgical procedure was similar to stapedectomy; after removal of the stapes, several crystals of NaCl were placed in the vestibule which was then covered with a vein graft. Postoperative recovery was rapid, allowing patients to be discharged 4-6 days after surgery. Of the 13 subjects, all reported complete relief from vertigo. Tinnitus was cured in 7 subjects, greatly improved in 4 and unchanged in 2. Most patients complaining of aural fullness preoperatively reported relief from this symptom following surgery. To date (up to 4 years post-surgery) none of the subjects has shown any significant alteration in audiologic or vestibular function in the contralateral ear. The ease and safety of this procedure make it an attractive method when cochleovestibular deafferentation is indicated. PMID- 3499055 TI - Fibrillar ultrastructure of the glomerular basement membrane of the rat kidney as revealed by digestive treatment. AB - Rat kidney glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was isolated and digested with alpha-amylase and elastase. Electron microscopy revealed a meshwork structure composed of fibrils 3 nm in width. They appeared to be type IV collagen fibrils. We succeeded in clarifying a significant ultrastructural aspect of the GBM which had been unclear until now. The findings are consistent with our previously proposed GBM molecular sieve theory. PMID- 3499054 TI - Sensory nerves containing tachykinins and CGRP in the lower airways. Functional implications for bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation and protein extravasation. AB - Several tachykinins (SP, NKA and NPK) are colocalized with CGRP-LI in nerve fibres supplying bronchial smooth muscle, close to and within the lining epithelium, around blood vessels and around local tracheo-bronchial ganglion cells in animals and man. SP-IR and CGRP-IR were also present in the same cells of jugular, nodose and thoracic spinal ganglia but only in nerve fibres in local parasympathetic ganglia and the stellate ganglia, suggesting a sensory origin. After capsaicin treatment there was a selective and nearly total loss of SP- and CGRP-IR nerves in the airways in parallel with a reduction in the corresponding tissue content. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves containing SP-IR in the trachea had a predominant vagal component while in the peripheral airways SP-IR nerves had a dual origin from the vagal nerves and from thoracic spinal ganglia via the stellate ganglia and sympathetic pathways. CGRP-IR, but not SP-LI, was also present in epithelial endocrine cells. A Ca2+-dependent release of tachykinin-LI and CGRP-LI was demonstrated upon perfusion of the guinea-pig lung with K+ as well as capsaicin. Other substances such as bradykinin, histamine and the nicotinic receptor agonist DMPP were also able to induce overflow, suggesting the release of both SP-LI and NKA-LI. The material released upon stimulation with capsaicin was further characterized by HPLC, and the main peak of the immunoreactivity co-eluted with ELE, a smaller peak eluted in the position of NKA, but no clear evidence for the release of material co-eluting with NPK was observed. This suggests that SP and NKA are the main tachykinins released from sensory nerves, while the nature of the ELE-LI remains to be further clarified. Upon i.v. infusion in the guinea-pig in vivo, the disappearance rate of SP-LI and NKA-LI showed half-lives of less than 2 min, while NPK-LI disappeared from the blood in a biphasic manner with two half-lives of 0.9 and 6 min, respectively. NPK given i.v. was converted into NKA-LI. In guinea-pig plasma in vitro, NKA-LI and NPK-LI were stable for 10 min, while SP-LI disappeared rapidly with a half life of about 10 s. The long half-life of NPK-LI in vivo was also accompanied by a more long-lasting bronchoconstrictor effect of NPK compared to SP. Thus, the differences in pharmacokinetical properties makes it difficult to draw major conclusions about tachykinin receptor subtypes based on biological potencies in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3499056 TI - Warfarin and bone: implications for rational strategies to selectively antagonize the action of vitamin K in target tissues. PMID- 3499057 TI - [Blood pressure of 12-to-16-year-old students in a rural district]. PMID- 3499058 TI - [Neurologic and psychiatric diseases in the school children in pediatric medical care]. PMID- 3499059 TI - [Color vision of a repulsion compound heterozygote and her sons. Psychophysical and electroretinographic studies]. PMID- 3499060 TI - [Electrostimulation in the treatment of urinary incontinence in women. Preliminary study]. PMID- 3499061 TI - Intestinal and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in Crohn's disease. AB - Cellular immunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In the present work, we have studied T-lymphocytes subsets in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of eight patients with active disease, using monoclonal antibodies. Intraepithelial and lamina propia OKT-3 +ve cells were significantly lower than in peripheral blood (p less than 0.001). We have found an increase of B cells and OKT-8 +ve cells in intestinal mucosa with a significant decrease in helper/suppressor ratio. These findings are in accordance with a high suppressor cytotoxic function in patients with active diseases. PMID- 3499062 TI - Multiple (more than eight) bypass grafts in severe diffuse coronary disease: improved exercise tolerance and functional classification in seventy-seven consecutive patients. AB - During a 43-month period (May 1981 to December 1984), 77 consecutive patients underwent multiple (eight or more) coronary artery bypass procedures using saphenous vein conduits for severe diffuse triple-vessel coronary artery disease. Patients received from 8 to 14 grafts (average 9). All coronary arteries and branches that were at least 1.5 mm in diameter and greater than 50% obstructed were bypassed. The operative mortality rate was 1.3%. Seventy-six of 77 (98.7%) patients are alive at a mean follow-up of 2 years. According to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Criteria, before surgery 5 patients (6%) were classified class I, 8 (10%) class II, 43 (56%) class III, and 21 (27%) class IV. After surgery all 76 patients were class I. Of 59 patients who had undergone bypass surgery who were followed by exercise testing according to the modified Bruce protocol, 47 exercised to greater than or equal to 85% heart rate. Among these patients, 44 (94%) had a normal exercise test result and only 3 had greater than or equal to 1 mm ST segment depression. Thus, patients with severe diffuse coronary disease can undergo multiple (eight or more) bypass grafting procedures with low mortality rates and improved exercise tolerance and functional classification. PMID- 3499063 TI - Thrombosed, ruptured atheromatous plaques in saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: ten years' experience. AB - During the past decade the number of patients undergoing saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has increased worldwide. With a rate of late graft occlusion approximating 4% each year, the number of patients at risk for late graft occlusion continues to increase. Whereas in 1976 only 0.8% of the CABGs performed at our institution were reoperations for occluded grafts, by 1985 repeat procedures comprised 12.4% of the CABGs performed. Excised, occluded saphenous vein grafts from 52 of 119 (44%) of these patients showed thrombosis superimposed on ruptured atheromatous plaques. Ten autopsy patients showed similar lesions in their occluded grafts. The lesion was present in grafts excised as early as 3 years and as late as 14 years after bypass surgery; most occurred 5 to 10 years after implantation. Neither age at first bypass, sex, nor coronary artery bypassed permitted prediction of the occurrence of the lesion. Thrombosed, ruptured atheromatous plaque is a common, clinically significant mechanism of late graft occlusion. It is associated with recurrent symptoms that necessitate repeat revascularization and may result in death. The lesion may also be amenable to thrombolytic therapy, angioplasty, or both. PMID- 3499064 TI - In vitro behavior of thymic nurse cell-like complexes from mechanically and enzymatically dissociated frog tadpole thymuses. AB - Cellular complexes, analogous by virtue of their external appearance, size, and number of seemingly internalized thymocytes to thymic nurse cells (TNCs) of endothermic vertebrates, were seen in short-term cultures (6-8 days) of mechanically and enzymatically dissociated thymuses of leopard frog tadpoles. Most TNC-like complexes from mechanically disrupted thymuses were covered with many thymocytes that morphologically resembled the "internalized" thymocytes. With time in culture, most complexes remained spherical and lost their externally adherent and "internalized" thymocytes. Some complexes, however, adhered to the glass substratum by means of macrophage-like cells. After one typically appearing TNC from a mechanically dissociated thymus had released its "internalized" thymocytes and spread completely over the glass substratum, it could be seen to consist actually of 9-10 stromal cells with the appearance of epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. TNC-like structures from enzymatically dissociated thymuses had few, if any, attached thymocytes. Although these structures closely resembled murine TNCs initially, they displayed abnormal transformations within a few days of culture. Our observations led us to question the assumption that all TNCs from mechanically as well as enzymatically isolated TNCs from vertebrate thymuses are single cells. Rather, some if not all of the so called TNC may actually be entities composed of several stromal cell types that enclose thymocytes. We suggest that this configuration seen in vitro may reflect the architecture of the compartmentalized reticular stromal cell meshwork that characterizes the intact thymus. PMID- 3499065 TI - Intermittent high-dose vitamin D prophylaxis during infancy: effect on vitamin D metabolites, calcium, and phosphorus. AB - In infants receiving intermittent high dose vitamin D prophylaxis (600,000 IU ergocalciferol per dose orally) every 3-5 mo, the serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) were determined before and 2 wk after each dose. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D (OHD) concentrations increased to well above normal but the values returned to the normal range before each subsequent dose. The 24,25- and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D ([OH]2D) levels followed a pattern similar to that of 25-OHD, and both were closely related to the latter (r = 0.85, p less than 0.005, and r = 0.84, p less than 0.005, respectively). The 1,25 (OH)2D concentrations did not vary in a consistent pattern and remained largely within the normal range. All infants had normal Ca levels before the first dose but 14 infants (34%) later had one or both Ca values above the upper normal limit of 2.80 mmol/L (2.81-3.32 mmol/L), indicating that the vitamin D doses were excessive despite the lack of accumulative increases in serum vitamin D concentrations. PMID- 3499067 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to HBcAg in chronic HBV infection. AB - The role of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) as a possible target of cell mediated immune response in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been recently emphasized. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from 35 chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were studied in vitro for their immune response to a purified preparation of HBcAg isolated from circulating Dane particles. PBLs from all the studied HBsAg-positive patients yielded a stimulation index above 3, with values ranging from 3.1 to 38.1. None of the healthy seronegative subjects, taken as control group, had a stimulation index above 2, with a mean value +/- SD of 1.28 +/- 0.35. Levels of PBL stimulation correlated with the histologic activity of liver disease, and the differences reached statistical significance. These results indicate that lymphocyte response to HBcAg may be relevant in determining liver cell damage. PMID- 3499068 TI - The effects of irrigant temperature in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a requiem for iced saline lavage. PMID- 3499069 TI - Vascular ectasia of the duodenum detected by duodenoscopy. AB - A 65-yr-old Chinese woman suffered from repeated episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding for 5 yr. Despite repeated panendoscopic and angiographic studies, the bleeder was not found until a duodenoscopic examination was performed. A small bleeder was found near the papilla vater area. The lesion was excised and proved to be a vascular ectasia of duodenum. PMID- 3499066 TI - Pyridoxine supplementation: effect on lymphocyte responses in elderly persons. AB - The effect of pyridoxine supplementation on lymphocyte responsiveness was investigated in 15 persons aged 65-81 y. Eleven subjects received 50 mg/d pyridoxine HCl (PN). Four subjects received a placebo. Lymphocyte proliferation to T and B cell mitogens, lymphocyte subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies, and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were measured before and after 1 and 2 mo of supplementation. After 1 and 2 mo plasma PLP levels increased by 195 +/- 88 nM and 201 +/- 84 nM, respectively, in subjects receiving PN. With PN supplementation, lymphocyte proliferation increased significantly in response to phytohemagglutinin (p less than 0.01), pokeweed mitogen (p less than 0.01), and Staphylococcus aureus (Cowain I) (p less than 0.05). For PN-treated subjects with low presupplement plasma PLP levels, lymphocyte blastogenesis also increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in response to concanavalin A. Percentages of T3+ and T4+ but not T8+ cells increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in PN treated subjects. These results suggest that improving vitamin B-6 status is important in stimulating immunocompetence in the elderly. PMID- 3499070 TI - Deficiency of mature B and T lymphocyte subsets in the blood of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. AB - The expression of mature B-cell markers and T markers was determined in lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood (PBL) of 20 healthy and 51 patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHL). The disease was classified as newly diagnosed, in remission, or being treated with chemotherapy and of low-, intermediate-, or high-grade malignancy. To avoid technical problems associated with artifacts involving cytophilic immunoglobulins (Ig), we defined mature B cells by means of three criteria: a) expression of high surface density of Ig sufficient to allow polar movement of receptors to form a cap in an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay, b) expression of high density of the human leukocyte antigens DR (HLA-DR) under capped conditions, and c) expression of a 41H.16 marker exclusive to surface Ig+ B-cells. Percentages of PBL able to cap surface Ig (sIg) (lambda, K), HLA-DR (7H.3), and 41H.16 markers were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in all of the patients, regardless of treatment status, and the numbers of sIg+-capping cells were similarly reduced in the patients, regardless of the grade of malignancy. Studies with ring fluorescence showed mean percentages of cells expressing OKT3 and OKT4 determinants significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) but OKT8+ cells not significantly different from control. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was reduced in all patients and did not differ significantly in relation to the degree of malignancy. We conclude that, in NHL, essentially all patients have severe abnormalities in the number of B- or T-cells needed for normal immune responses. PMID- 3499072 TI - Torsade de pointes during administration of pentamidine isethionate. AB - Pentamidine isethionate is a diamidine compound used in the treatment of a number of parasitic diseases, notably Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Although cases of sudden death have been reported during the administration of pentamidine, there have been no reported cases in the literature of pentamidine-associated arrhythmias. Reported in this study are two cases of torsade de pointes occurring during the prolonged administration of pentamidine. In addition, electrocardiographic changes of marked QT interval prolongation, pronounced precordial T wave abnormalities, and ST segment changes were shown in both patients. Mild hypomagnesemia coexisted in both cases, but torsade de pointes persisted in one patient and electrocardiographic changes remained in both cases despite magnesium replacement. QT interval prolongation and electrocardiographic abnormalities resolved slowly over several days to weeks, paralleling the known elimination kinetics of pentamidine. These data suggest a proarrhythmic effect of pentamidine isethionate. PMID- 3499073 TI - Is an acid pH medium required for the protective effect of sucralfate against mucosal injury? AB - It has been suggested that an acidic medium is required for the action of sucralfate in providing mucosal protection. We have examined the effect of sucralfate (300 mg/kg) at an acidic pH of 1.5 and a near-neutral pH of 6.5 on the occurrence of mucosal damage induced in rats by aspirin alone and aspirin combined with bile acids. Fasting Sprague-Dawley rats received test solutions by oral intubation, and their stomachs were examined four hours later for the presence of hemorrhagic erosions. Sucralfate significantly reduced mucosal erosions induced by aspirin alone and aspirin combined with bile acids at pHs of both 1.5 and 6.5. These results indicate that the protective effect of sucralfate against mucosal injury induced by aspirin and bile acids is not dependent on an acidic medium. PMID- 3499071 TI - Association of congenital deficiency of multiple vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors and the phenotype of the warfarin embryopathy: clues to the mechanism of teratogenicity of coumarin derivatives. AB - We have evaluated a boy who had excessive bleeding and bruising from birth and showed markedly prolonged prothrombin times, partially correctable by oral vitamin K administration. Additional laboratory studies demonstrated decreased activities of plasma factors II, VII, IX, and X; near normal levels of immunologically detected and calcium binding-independent prothrombin; undercarboxylation of prothrombin; excess circulating vitamin K epoxide; decreased excretion of carboxylated glutamic acid residues; and abnormal circulating osteocalcin. These results all are consistent with effects resulting from decreased posttranslational carboxylation secondary to an inborn deficiency of vitamin K epoxide reductase. This individual also had nasal hypoplasia, distal digital hypoplasia, and epiphyseal stippling on infant radiographs, all of which are virtually identical to features seen secondary to first-trimester exposure to coumarin derivatives. Therefore, by inference, the warfarin embryopathy is probably secondary to warfarin's primary pharmacologic effect (interference with vitamin K-dependent posttranslational carboxylation of glutamyl residues of various proteins) and may result from undercarboxylation of osteocalcin or other vitamin K-dependent bone proteins. PMID- 3499074 TI - Sucralfate suspension versus titrated antacid for the prevention of acute stress related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients. AB - Seventy-four medical and surgical patients having a minimum of two risk factors for stress-related gastric mucosal bleeding were prospectively selected randomly to receive prophylaxis by antacid titration (to maintain a gastric pH of more than 4) or with sucralfate suspension (1 g/10 ml every four hours). Gastric aspirates were monitored every two hours for pH and overt and occult bleeding. Despite a significantly greater severity of illness in the sucralfate group (p less than 0.01), no significant difference in overt or occult bleeding between the groups could be demonstrated. Low-grade occult blood loss occurred frequently in both groups, but only one of the 74 patients (four risk factors, sucralfate group) had significant stress-related bleeding as defined by preset criteria and documented by endoscopy. The effectiveness of sucralfate appeared unrelated to acid neutralization in keeping with its classification as a cytoprotective agent. There were eight antacid-related side effects (four severe diarrhea, four hypermagnesemia), and none related to sucralfate. Sucralfate suspension was safe and effective and had fewer side effects than antacid titration for the prophylaxis of stress-related bleeding in critically ill patients. PMID- 3499075 TI - Effects of sucralfate on gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion and prostaglandin E2 metabolism. AB - The mechanism of action of sucralfate has been investigated. Using homogenized rabbit mucosa, the drug increased arachidonic acid conversion to prostaglandin E2 without affecting catabolism. Luminal administration of sucralfate (0.5 g/liter) caused marked stimulation of bicarbonate secretion by isolated amphibian gastric mucosa but not duodenal mucosa. In a higher dose (1 g/liter), duodenal bicarbonate secretion was also stimulated. These effects are likely to be due to endogenous prostaglandin formation since they are inhibited by indomethacin. The results suggest that the cytoprotective action of sucralfate is due to stimulation of endogenous prostaglandin formation and may involve various mucosal defensive factors. PMID- 3499076 TI - Effects of sucralfate, 15(R)15-methyl prostaglandin E2, and cimetidine on rat gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol. AB - The efficacy of sucralfate, 15(R)15-methyl prostaglandin E2, and cimetidine in protecting against ethanol injury in rat stomachs was examined. Rats that had been fasted were pretreated intragastrically with either sucralfate 160 mg/kg, 15(R)15-methyl prostaglandin E2 16 micrograms/kg, cimetidine 100 mg/kg, or an equal amount of vehicle alone (control). One hour later, all rats received 1 ml of 99.5 percent ethanol orally and were killed 15 minutes or 24 hours later. Stomachs were removed, and mucosal damage was assessed macroscopically as well as by scanning electron microscopy. Pretreatment with either 15(R)15-methyl prostaglandin E2 or sucralfate significantly reduced the number and extent of ethanol-induced mucosal gastric lesions; pretreatment with cimetidine, however, failed to produce positive results. It is concluded that the abilities of 15(R)15 methyl prostaglandin E2 and sucralfate in protecting against ethanol injury are comparable. PMID- 3499078 TI - Endophthalmitis associated with sequestered intraocular Propionibacterium acnes. PMID- 3499077 TI - Diurnal variation in plasma levels of retinol, tocopherol, and beta-carotene. AB - Diurnal changes in human plasma levels of the fat-soluble vitamins retinol (R), alpha-tocopherol (E), and beta-carotene (CAR) have not been determined. Plasma levels of these three vitamins in 15 healthy volunteers were measured five times over a 24-hour period. Highly sensitive and specific HPLC assays were used. Mean +/- SEM levels for R, E, and CAR were 591 +/- 36 ng/mL, 10.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/mL, and 271 +/- 28 ng/mL, respectively. Differences between subjects' mean levels were large and highly significant (p less than 0.0001). Relative to the first 8 AM fasting plasma sample, nonfasting plasma levels drawn over the next 24 hours showed no statistically significant or clinically important changes. The percent increases in standard deviation among subjects due to diurnal variation were 1.5%, 3.3%, and 2.3%, respectively, for R, E, and CAR. This implies that sample sizes for cross-sectional studies investigating differences between two treatments in these vitamin plasma levels would need to be increased by 3%, 7%, and 5%, respectively, if measurements are to be taken throughout the day. Plasma levels may be obtained at random during the day, and need not be 8 AM fasting levels. The small addition in variation introduced by diurnal fluctuations would have minimal impact upon the precision of estimates of treatment effect and sample sizes. PMID- 3499079 TI - Acute remitting visual loss after coronary artery bypass surgery caused by a suprasellar meningioma. PMID- 3499080 TI - Cryptococcal endophthalmitis and meningitis associated with acute psychosis and exudative retinal detachment. PMID- 3499081 TI - Suprachoroidal hemorrhage after glaucoma filtering surgery. PMID- 3499082 TI - Stable analogs of prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha ameliorate the proteinuria of aminonucleoside-of-puromycin nephrosis in Lewis rats. AB - Prostaglandins have been implicated by previous investigators in the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome. A single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg of stable analogs of prostaglandins E1 or F2 alpha (15[S]-15-methyl -PGE1 [M-PGE1] and PGF2 alpha [M-PGF2 alpha]) was found in the present study to dramatically decrease proteinuria on Day 10 of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis in Lewis rats. The decrease in proteinuria was mediated at least in part by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as quantitated by inulin clearances in nephrotic control and prostaglandin-treated rats. M-PGE1, moderately, and M PGF2 alpha, to a lesser degree, also decreased the GFR in normal rats. Interestingly, the GFR was dramatically decreased in nephrotic as compared with nonnephrotic control rats, which suggests that PAN nephrosis may not be an ideal experimental model for human minimal change nephrosis in which the GFR is usually not severely compromised. The prostaglandin-induced decrease in GFR in both nephrotic and normal rats was coincident with a drop in systemic blood pressure. Nephrotic rats, however, had a slightly higher baseline blood pressure than normals, and the hypotensive effects of both prostaglandins were much less in nephrotic than in normal rats. The decrease in proteinuria was not related to a cytoprotective effect, as indicated by the failure of daily doses of 5 micrograms/kg M-PGE1 to reduce proteinuria 6, 8, or 10 days after injection of puromycin aminonucleoside. The similar antiproteinuric effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and of pharmacologic doses of prostaglandins are somewhat paradoxical but are reminiscent of the similarly paradoxical mutual antiinflammatory effects of these agents. The high doses of prostaglandins required to reduce proteinuria as well as their reduction of blood pressure and GFR will limit their clinical usefulness in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 3499083 TI - Physical growth of infants 7 to 13 months of age: results from a national survey. AB - This study considers measurements of weight, recumbent length, head circumference, triceps skinfold, and arm circumference of 1,100 infants aged 7 to 13 months from a cross-sectional sample representative of the U.S. infant population. Based on these data, smoothed percentiles of weight, recumbent length, head circumference, triceps skinfold, and arm circumference by sex and age (in months) and weight for recumbent length were calculated. Compared with the percentile values from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS; Hamill et al., 1977, DHEW Publ. No. PHS 78-1650), percentile values from the 1984 Ross Laboratories Infant Nutrition Survey (RNS) for weight, recumbent length, and weight for recumbent length tended to be smaller (p less than .05). We attribute these variations to differences in sampling design and conclude that they are not of sufficient magnitude to warrant new growth charts. Smoothed percentiles for triceps skinfold and arm circumference presented herein are new reference values that can be used for assessment of the nutritional and growth status of older infants. PMID- 3499085 TI - Mechanics of tonus fibers of frog muscle. AB - Contractions with two phases of relaxation are induced by brief strong stimulation in some frog muscles. The first phase with rapid relaxation is produced by the twitch fibers; the second phase, which is very slow and is only present after strong stimulation, represents the relaxation of the tonus fibers. At moderate loads, half time of isotonic relaxation of these fibers is as long as 30 min at 2 degrees C, but the rate varies with the load and depends on the condition of the frogs. With regard to the rate of relaxation, the tonus fibers resemble molluscan catch muscles. In tonus fibers, rapid isotonic and isometric relaxation can be induced by a small extension; shortening opposes this effect. These responses are like the length responses previously found in various types of striated muscle. They go in the same direction as the well-known metabolic effects of length changes (Fenn effect). After a large extension by an increase in load there is no active shortening when the load is returned to the previous value. This and other observations show that the slowness of relaxation is not due to sustained activity, but is determined by the strength of the contractile bonds formed during contraction. Because activity during relaxation is very low, it is unlikely that length responses are caused by a modification of the cross bridge cycle. It is suggested that length changes act through a mechanism that is separate from that initiating contraction, but alters the speed of relaxation by making the cross bridges weaker or stronger. PMID- 3499084 TI - Evidence for a force-dependent component of calcium binding to cardiac troponin C. AB - The duration of activation in cardiac muscle is a function of the load. On the basis of studies of Ca2+ transients in muscles subjected to quick release, it has been suggested that force or shortening-mediated changes in Ca2+-troponin C affinity may provide a mechanism for a contraction-activation feedback. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the formation of force-generating complexes between actin and myosin enhances the affinity of cardiac troponin C for Ca2+. This was done by first establishing the normal relationship between Ca2+ binding and force development in chemically skinned bovine ventricular muscle bundles and then comparing the Ca2+-saturation curves obtained with relaxed and contracting muscle bundles. A double isotope technique was used to measure Ca2+ binding during ATP-induced force generation and during relaxation maintained by the phosphate analogue vanadate. The results showed that the generation of force was associated with an enhanced binding of Ca2+ to the Ca2+ specific regulatory site of cardiac troponin C. These data provide direct evidence that feedback between force and activation in the heart may be mediated by the Ca2+-regulatory site of troponin C. PMID- 3499086 TI - Endothelium inhibits responses of rabbit carotid artery to adrenergic nerve stimulation. AB - Transmural electrical stimulation of isolated ring segments of the rabbit carotid artery caused frequency-dependent contractions; these were blocked by tetrodotoxin or prazosin. Mechanical or chemical removal of the endothelium markedly augmented responses to electrical stimulation. Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake and metabolism with cocaine, hydrocortisone, and pargyline increased contractions in rings with endothelium more than those without endothelium, but responses remained greater in rings denuded of endothelium. Methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, enhanced responses to electrical stimulation of rings with intact endothelium only. Combined inhibition of guanylate cyclase and norepinephrine disposition increased the contractions and abolished the difference between the responses of rings with and without endothelium. In a perfusion-cascade system, the perfusate of donor segments with endothelium relaxed a bioassay ring without endothelium. Electrical stimulation of the segment caused no further relaxation of the bioassay ring. However, contractions caused by electrically stimulating the bioassay ring were depressed during superfusion with the perfusate of segments with, but not without, endothelium, indicating that vasodilators spontaneously released from the endothelium inhibit responses to nerve stimulation. These observations suggest that inhibition by the endothelium of the response to adrenergic nerve stimulation results from 1) spontaneous release of endothelium-derived vasodilators and 2) disposition of norepinephrine by the endothelial cells. PMID- 3499088 TI - Creativity and mental illness: prevalence rates in writers and their first-degree relatives. AB - Rates of mental illness were examined in 30 creative writers, 30 matched control subjects, and the first-degree relatives of both groups. The writers had a substantially higher rate of mental illness, predominantly affective disorder, with a tendency toward the bipolar subtype. There was also a higher prevalence of affective disorder and creativity in the writers' first-degree relatives, suggesting that these traits run together in families and could be genetically mediated. Both writers and control subjects had IQs in the superior range; the writers excelled only on the WAIS vocabulary subtest, confirming previous observations that intelligence and creativity are independent mental abilities. PMID- 3499087 TI - A controlled study of lifetime prevalence of affective and other psychiatric disorders in bulimic outpatients. AB - The authors used structured diagnostic interviews to assess the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders, by DSM-III criteria, among 70 women: 51 outpatients with active bulimia and 19 nonpatient subjects with remitted bulimia. Comparison groups consisted of 24 female outpatients with major depression and 28 nonpsychiatric control subjects. The active and remitted bulimic subjects closely resembled each other, with high lifetime rates of major affective disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. Atypical depression was equally common among subjects with major affective disorder in all groups. These results are consistent with previous studies suggesting a phenomenologic relationship between bulimia and major affective disorder. PMID- 3499089 TI - Positive and negative subtypes in schizophrenia. PMID- 3499090 TI - Does switching from cigarettes to pipes or cigars reduce tobacco smoke exposure? AB - Cigarette smoking histories, reported depth of inhalation, number of pipe and cigars (PC) smoked, serum thiocyanate (SCN) and expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels were examined in PC male smokers enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Serum SCN levels for all PC smokers were higher than for non-smokers and lower than for current cigarette smokers. Levels were related to the amount of product smoke. Prior cigarette smokers had higher SCN levels when compared to PC users who had never smoked cigarettes, smoked a larger number of tobacco products per day, and reported inhaling into the chest more often. Prospective data on baseline cigarette smokers demonstrated that smokers who stopped all tobacco products had a greater drop in SCN and CO than those who switched to PC. The findings strongly suggest that cessation of all tobacco products is the best strategy for decreasing exposure to tobacco smoke. PMID- 3499092 TI - Anti-alpha-1-antichymotrypsin specificity. PMID- 3499091 TI - Gastric antral vascular ectasia. A histologic and morphometric study of "the watermelon stomach". AB - Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon but important cause of gastrointestinal blood loss and iron deficiency anemia that is characterized by a distinctive endoscopic appearance consisting of parallel erythematous folds traversing the gastric antrum. In order to clarify the histologic features of this lesion, nine antral biopsy specimens from seven patients with the clinical and endoscopic diagnosis of GAVE were reviewed and compared with specimens from normal controls and patients with other common antral lesions. Specimens obtained using standard endoscopic biopsy forceps were evaluated for mucosal vascularity, presence of intravascular fibrin thrombi, and the following histologic changes: mucosal inflammation, fibromuscular hyperplasia of lamina propria, epithelial regeneration, and mucosal architectural distortion. Mucosal vascularity was determined by counting the absolute number of vascular lumina per slide, measuring the mean cross-sectional area of each vessel lumen, and determining the percentage of each specimen occupied by vessels. Histologic changes were graded as absent to minimal, moderate, or marked. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) between GAVE and control groups were mean vessel cross-sectional area, percentage of area occupied by vessels, presence of intravascular fibrin thrombi, and fibromuscular hyperplasia. GAVE appears to demonstrate sufficiently distinctive histopathologic features to allow its recognition in antral biopsy specimens obtained by endoscopy. PMID- 3499093 TI - [Value of various immunologic indicators in the diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 3499094 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation and the electrocardiograph. PMID- 3499096 TI - Nalbuphine as an analgesic component in balanced anesthesia for cardiac surgery. AB - The efficacy and safety of nalbuphine hydrochloride as an IV analgesic used in combination with pretreatment and supplemental doses of diazepam with and without N2O were assessed in 15 patients scheduled to undergo aortocoronary bypass (n = 11) or valve replacement surgery (n = 4). The loading infusion of 3.0 mg/kg nalbuphine given in 20 min 5 min after conclusion of IV injection of 0.4 mg/kg/5 min diazepam caused no significant changes in systolic or diastolic systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures or in heart rate, cardiac index, stroke index, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, or right and left ventricular stroke work index. After the initial 1-hr loading infusion of 6.66 +/- 0.89 mg/kg nalbuphine (mean +/- SE), additional nalbuphine infusion maintenance doses of 4.73 +/- 0.77, 1.87 +/- 0.31, 2.16 +/- 0.23, 1.65 +/- 0.22, and 2.35 +/- 0.44 were used in the subsequent hourly periods to maintain a pain-free state throughout surgery. Hemodynamic changes during the three most stressful periods, tracheal intubation, skin incision, and sternotomy, were not statistically significant. Normal plasma catecholamine and cortisol levels indicate that these patients experienced neither stress nor pain during the maintenance of anesthesia. Nalbuphine caused no significant histamine release. All patients had uncomplicated maintenance of and emergence from anesthesia. PMID- 3499095 TI - Effect of propofol anesthesia on baroreflex activity in humans. AB - Previous studies have shown that infusions of propofol, a new intravenous anesthetic, were associated with decreased arterial pressure and slow heart rates. To evaluate the role of baroreflex mechanisms in sustaining these conditions, the effects of two infusion rates of propofol (54 and 108 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) to supplement 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen anesthesia were studied in twelve ASA class I patients having a mean age of 34 years. Baroreflex control of heart rate was studied by perturbing the patients' arterial pressure with phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside. Valsalva maneuvers were used to assess the response of the systemic arterial system. Steady state anesthesia at both infusion rates was not associated with decreased sensitivity of the baroreflex control of heart rate, but resetting of the reflex occurred to allow lower arterial pressures for a given heart rate than in the awake state. During propofol infusions at either rate, the diastolic pressure overshoot normally associated with the relief of raised airway pressure in the Valsalva maneuver was significantly reduced. It is concluded that propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia is not associated with impairment of baroreflex sensitivity, but that central sympatholytic and/or vagotonic mechanisms enable low heart rates to be sustained despite decreased arterial pressures. PMID- 3499097 TI - Electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation after myocardial reperfusion during coronary artery surgery. PMID- 3499098 TI - Effects of short-term infusion of nifedipine or verapamil on systemic hemodynamics and left ventricular myocardial contractility in patients prior to coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The effects of short-term infusion (10 min) of nifedipine (7.5 micrograms . kg-1) or verapamil (0.15 mg . kg-1) on left ventricular (LV) contractility and on systemic hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease, chronically treated with low-dose beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, exhibiting a normal LV function at rest, are presented. In order to analyze the interaction between calcium entry blocking drugs and halothane, the results are discussed in light of data, obtained in similar patients during halothane anesthesia, using identical experimental conditions, which have already been reported. LV dP/dtmax and LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) remained unaffected when nifedipine was infused in the awake patients. Verapamil significantly decreased LV dP/dtmax in patients while awake, but LVEDP did not change. Both calcium entry blocking drugs caused decreases in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance, accompanied by increases in heart rate. The only significant differences between the awake and the anesthetized patients were the absence of changes in heart rate and the greater reduction in LV dP/dtmax following administration of the calcium entry blocking drugs during anesthesia. Possible explanations for this may include the drugs' combined interference with calcium ion fluxes within the myocardial and smooth muscle fibers, the ability of halothane to modify the response of the autonomic nervous system to the calcium entry blocking drugs and altered kinetics of the calcium entry blocking drugs induced by the volatile anesthetic. It is impossible to determine from the present investigation which of these mechanisms is predominant. PMID- 3499099 TI - Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte function during and after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to the endocrine stress response. AB - The effects of elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the associated endocrine stress response on natural killer (NK) cell activity in peripheral blood, the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations, and the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation were studied in 20 patients anesthetized with either etomidate-high dose fentanyl (75-125 micrograms . kg-1) or midazolam low dose fentanyl (less than 20 micrograms . kg-1). The endocrine response to surgery was measured as changes in serum cortisol, plasma epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Compared with control values, a significant increase of NK cell activity was found in both groups prior to induction of anesthesia, followed by a decrease after induction until initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and a gradual increase to levels exceeding controls during CPB. Postoperatively, NK cell activity and the lymphocyte transformation to PHA stimulation were significantly depressed for at least 1-3 days. These changes were accompanied by severe lymphopenia affecting the T-lymphocytes (T3, T4, and T8) and the NK cells (Leu 11). Apart from a delayed cortisol increase in the etomidate group, the endocrine response showed a similar pattern in the two groups. Compared with control values, a significant decrease in the serum cortisol until CPB could be demonstrated, followed by a significant increase persisting for at least 6 days postoperatively. The plasma catecholamines showed a steep rise and, consequently, a significant increase during CPB, followed by a gradual return to control values in the postoperative period. The results indicate that, in patients undergoing CABG, immune surveillance is impaired prior to CPB and during the early postoperative period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499100 TI - Buccal mucosa bleeding times of healthy dogs and of dogs in various pathologic states, including thrombocytopenia, uremia, and von Willebrand's disease. AB - The buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT; duration of hemorrhage from standardized cuts made with a spring-loaded disposable device in the mucosal surface of the upper lip) was used to evaluate the hemostatic competence of dogs. The mean (+/- SD) BMBT for 34 healthy dogs was 2.62 +/- 0.49 minutes. The BMBT of healthy dogs anesthetized with halothane or tranquilized with xylazine were not significantly different from the BMBT of healthy dogs evaluated without chemical restraint. The BMBT was significantly (P less than 0.01) prolonged 21 hours after aspirin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to 10 healthy dogs; however, the mean aspirin-induced increase in BMBT was only 0.40 minutes. The BMBT of 28 of 30 dogs with various diseases not traditionally associated with hemostatic deficiencies were near or within the range of BMBT for healthy dogs; however, 2 dogs had BMBT of greater than 8 minutes. In contrast, BMBT were prolonged in most dogs with diseases known to induce deficient primary hemostasis; the 3 dogs with thrombocytopenia (less than or equal to 20,000 platelets/microliter), the 7 Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease (von Willebrand factor antigen; less than or equal to 18 U/dl), and 5 of the 6 dogs with severe azotemia (serum urea nitrogen; greater than or equal to 124 mg/dl) had prolonged BMBT. The BMBT of 16 dogs were determined immediately before they were subjected to various surgical procedures, and the severity of the hemorrhage encountered during these procedures was subjectively evaluated; the amount of hemorrhage from 12 of the 16 dogs was considered to be appropriate for the corresponding surgical procedures, but the remaining 4 dogs bled excessively during surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499101 TI - Multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor before and after desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) administration intravenously and subcutaneously in male beagle dogs. AB - Eight adult male Beagles were given 1 microgram of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)/kg of body weight, SC or by slow IV infusion on separate occasions. Both routes of administration induced highly significant increases (P less than 0.0001) in plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor (vWf) antigen (Ag) and botrocetin cofactor (BCf) activity, an indication of platelet-associated vWf activity. In most instances, increases in plasma vWf:Ag and BCf values induced by SC injection were as large as or larger than those induced by slow IV infusion. With both routes of administration, BCf activity increased more than the vWf:Ag concentration, so that high BCf-to-vWf:Ag ratios were found in plasma after DDAVP administration. In plasma samples obtained before DDAVP administration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis resolved the vWf into a series of multimeric proteins with molecular weights similar to those of human vWf. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis of plasma samples obtained after DDAVP administration revealed mainly the larger molecules of vWf that were increased by DDAVP administration. PMID- 3499102 TI - Pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome re-exposed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - Fever, hypotension, pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemia developed upon re exposure to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 2 patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. This reaction can mimic sepsis or the clinical worsening of underlying pulmonary opportunistic infection. The literature concerning adverse pulmonary effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is reviewed. PMID- 3499103 TI - Studies on the turnover of methionine oxidized alpha-1-protease inhibitor in rats. AB - Alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) is the major regulator of extracellular leukocyte elastase activity and can be rendered impotent against elastase by oxidation of a critical methionine, residue 358. Alpha-1-PI was isolated from rat plasma by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound anhydrochymotrypsin, DEAE cellulose anion-exchange, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The product was radiolabeled using non-oxidative conditions with Bolton-Hunter reagent, and an aliquot subsequently oxidized with N-chlorosuccinimide. Turnover studies in rats indicated that both native and oxidized alpha-1-PI had half-lives of 170 min. Using partially purified human neutrophil methionine sulfoxide-peptide reductase (Met(O)PR), it was demonstrated that oxidized product could be converted back "in vitro" to an active inhibitor of elastase. To assess whether oxidized alpha-1-PI underwent reduction "in vivo," methionine-oxidized rat inhibitor was injected into the rats, aliquots of plasma samples were withdrawan and passed through a Sepharose-bound anhydrochymotrypsin affinity resin, and bound functional alpha-1 PI was eluted with 0.1 M chymostatin. Radioactive counting of bound and unbound fractions indicated that reduction does not occur in vivo and suggested that, at least under homeostatic conditions, the Met(O)PR is confined to intracellular sites where it does not have access to the circulating protein. PMID- 3499104 TI - An infrared spectroscopic study on the secondary structure of the black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor--amide I-III and V bands. AB - The infrared spectrum of native black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI) in solid film was measured from 550 to 1750 cm-1 and amide I-III, and V regions have been analyzed. By comparison between the observed bands with the modes calculated for several structures (available in the literature), the occurrence in BTCI of unordered, antipatallel beta-sheet, and beta-turn structures is suggested. PMID- 3499105 TI - [The child health care system: a model clinical record. Well-child check-ups and health education]. AB - A pediatric record for assistance and attention in pediatric ambulatory care is described. The clinical record takes in account health education and visits to pediatrician. PMID- 3499106 TI - [Histiocytosis X. Apropos of 18 cases]. AB - Eighteen cases of histiocytosis X are presented and prognostic factors, such as localized or disseminated disease, organ dysfunction and age, are analyzed in relation to results of therapy. A new classification of childhood histiocytosis X, based on prognostic factors, seems to be justified. PMID- 3499107 TI - Antigen-specific T-cell anergy in progressive Mycobacterium marinum infection in humans. AB - The cellular immune responses of 12 patients with culture-proved Mycobacterium marinum infection involving deep tissues were studied. Of the 12 patients, 11 failed to respond to M. marinum antigens. All of the patients had, however, normal blastogenic responses to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and the antigens tetanus toxoid and Candida albicans. In contrast, 9 of 14 healthy fishermen responded to the M. marinum antigens with significant in vitro blastogenesis. Infection of deep tissues with M. marinum is associated with antigen-specific T-cell anergy to M. marinum antigens. PMID- 3499108 TI - Increased neutrophil elastase activity in cigarette smokers. AB - We compared plasma levels of the neutrophil elastase-derived fibrinopeptide A alpha-1-21 in healthy cigarette smokers with those in nonsmokers. The mean A alpha-1-21 concentration was fivefold higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 9.6) in ten cigarette smokers than in 20 healthy nonsmokers (2.0 nmol/L compared with 0.4 nmol/L; p less than 0.0001). To evaluate the acute effect of smoking on enzyme activity, a second group of ten smokers was studied. After refraining from smoking for 12 hours, each person smoked three cigarettes. The mean A-alpha-1-21 level in the second group of smokers was not different from that in the first group of smokers (1.8 nmol/L compared with 2.0 nmol/L) but was fivefold higher (95% CI, 2.6 to 8.7) than that in the nonsmokers (1.8 nmol/L compared with 0.4 nmol/L; p less than 0.0001). After smoking three cigarettes, subjects had a twofold elevation (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.5) in the mean A-alpha-1-21 concentration (from 1.8 nmol/L to 4.1 nmol/L; p = 0.002). Our data show that cigarette smoking perturbs the in-vivo elastase-antielastase balance and thus may produce lung disease through this mechanism. PMID- 3499109 TI - [Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine: possible association with thyroid pathology]. PMID- 3499110 TI - [Dieulafoy's syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 3499111 TI - Single dose of ornidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. AB - Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of excessive and foul smelling vaginal discharge. In the group of 24 women, the diagnosis was based on increased vaginal discharge, positive KOH-test, and detection of clue cells in the wet smear. In the microbiological isolation, Gardnerella vaginalis was also observed in 20 subjects and mixed anaerobic flora in all the 24 subjects. A single dose of 1.5 g of ornidazole was given. Posttreatment control was performed 7 to 28 days later. Gardnerella vaginalis was present in 2 (cure rate 90%) and anaerobes in 4 subjects (cure rate 83%). Subjective improvement occurred in 96% of patients. Side effects, the most common of them being dizziness, after ornidazole treatment were observed by 17 (71%) of subjects. PMID- 3499112 TI - Type A behaviour pattern in Finland. AB - The prevalence of coronary prone behaviour, type A, was investigated in a population sample of 1,958 men and 2,224 women aged 30-64 years representative for all people of that age actively employed in Finland. Type A behaviour was assessed by the Jenkins Activity Survey. The mean values of the standardized AB scale were -5.6 in men and -5.8 in women. Type A behaviour was strongly associated with the level of education, occupational group and the socio-economic status achieved. However, it was not related to the conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was statistically significantly associated with type A behaviour. PMID- 3499113 TI - Italian standards for crown-heel length and head circumference at birth. AB - Cross-sectional standards for crown-heel length and head circumference at birth are presented, based on 16336 reference neonates born in six towns in North, Central and South Italy, between 1973 and 1981, and included in a multicentre survey of perinatal preventive medicine. Single liveborn infants, with no congenital anomalies, of mothers with no risk factor for pregnancy, such as diabetes, hypertension, vaginal bleeding, previous stillbirths or abortions, were considered as the reference group. These were treated as a sample drawn from one reference population, regardless of birthplace. Large differences in social and environmental conditions typical of the six towns appeared to exert negligible effects on the reference neonates' dimensions. Unlike intrauterine growth charts published previously in Italy, these standards apply to any Italian neonate born between 32 and 43 weeks of gestation. Cross-sectional standards derived from anthropometric measurements of infants having different gestational ages should be regarded mainly as a tool for assessing size and proportion of neonates, rather than as growth charts for monitoring fetal development. This latter task should be fulfilled by longitudinal growth charts: to date, intrauterine ultrasonography has not provided data sufficient to replace cross-sectional standards. PMID- 3499114 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemophilia patients: a 4-year prospective study. PMID- 3499115 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of T-2588, a new oral cephalosporin, compared with those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - T-2588, the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of T-2525, [6R, 7R]-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol 4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetoamido] -3- [(5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-cephem 4-carboxylic acid, is a new oral cephalosporin. T-2525 had a widely expanded antibacterial spectrum against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. T-2525 was more active in vitro than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Branhamella catarrhalis. Moreover, it exhibited superior in vitro activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. T 2525 was highly stable to various beta-lactamases, which were classified as Richmond and Sykes types Ia, Ib, Ic, III, IV, and Vc. It had high affinities for the lethal (essential) penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroides fragilis. T-2588 had excellent therapeutic effect on systemic infections in mice with various species of gram negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. PMID- 3499116 TI - Pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of pentamidine aerosol were evaluated in the prophylaxis and therapy of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. P. carinii pneumonia was induced in rats by corticosteroid immunosuppression. Pentamidine was administered three times weekly via a Bird micronebulizer. The actual amount of pentamidine inhaled was estimated by monitoring the ventilation of the rats during the aerosol administration. Pentamidine levels in blood, lung, liver and kidney samples were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography after completion of the treatment. Efficacy was evaluated by examination of lung imprints. In the prophylactic treatment, 4.8- and 8.6-mg/kg doses of aerosolized pentamidine administered three times weekly for 7 weeks were effective in preventing P. carinii pneumonia in 80 and 100% of the rats, respectively. In the therapeutic studies, a 14.6-mg/kg dose of aerosolized pentamidine administered three times weekly for 3 weeks was effective both in curing the pneumonia and in clearing P. carinii cysts in 70% of the rats. In the remaining animals, although the pneumonia was cured, the cysts persisted. A dose-dependent effect of the drug was demonstrated in both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments. High lung/kidney and lung/liver ratios of pentamidine levels were demonstrated and were associated with good clinical, biological, and histologic tolerance. PMID- 3499117 TI - Sensory input modifying central motor actions. AB - Motor output is often initiated by sensory stimuli and continuously monitored during execution by sensory input, except for the fastest movements. Recent experiments in animals explored the interaction between classical sensory and motor areas of the central nervous system during motor tasks. In man, evoked potentials can give an estimate of involvement of these structures. In analogy, nystagmus has been analyzed in primates, where a more complete description of the sensorimotor process is possible. PMID- 3499118 TI - Enhancement of voluntary motor function following spinal cord stimulation--case study. AB - One patient with an incomplete traumatic myelopathy underwent epidural spinal cord stimulation for the management of severe intractable spasms, which were abolished by the stimulation. After several months of stimulation, the patient regained some voluntary motor function in the lower extremities. Voluntary motor control of the left quadriceps was present only when spinal cord stimulation was activated and stopped immediately after it was turned off. The effects could be consistently reproduced. EMG polygraphic recordings confirmed the results. PMID- 3499119 TI - Epidural recordings of electrical events produced in the spinal cord by segmental, ascending and descending volleys. AB - Epidural electrodes implanted for a percutaneous trial of therapeutic spinal cord stimulation were used to record electrical events evoked by the stimulation of peripheral nerves or of the spinal cord itself. The data collected in patients with no neurological deficit were analyzed in order (1) to check the consistency between epidural and surface recordings, (2) to get information on the genesis of such potentials, and (3) to demonstrate the feasibility of complex neurophysiological studies by means of epidural electrodes. Spinal cord potentials evoked by segmental volleys were recorded at cervical levels with the recording electrodes anterior, lateral and posterior to the spinal cord. The refractory period of the evoked potentials has been studied as well. Responses to stimulation of the tibial nerve were obtained at T11-12 vertebral level with posterior epidural electrodes. Segmental cervical potentials were characterized by a P10, N11, N13/P13 followed by a slow positivity/negativity. A response of similar waveform, but with different peak latencies, was recorded at segmental levels following tibial nerve stimulation. Such a response showed an increasing number of spikes while ascending along the spinal cord. Maximum conduction velocities in the cord were between 65 and 85 m/s. Our epidural recordings are similar to those obtained from the skin, but with a greater amplitude and waveform resolution. Furthermore, the use of epidural electrodes made it feasible to perform complex examinations of sensory function (i.e., the study of orthodromic and antidromic conduction along the dorsal cord and of the influence of a single dorsal cord volley on the segmental cervical potential). Finally, the genesis of the potentials recorded is discussed. PMID- 3499120 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of autologous lymphocytes against lung cancer cells; correlation of prognosis and recurrence pattern]. AB - Cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes cultured in IL-2 against autologous primary lung cancer cells was studied in relation to curativity, prognosis and relapse rate. A total of 51 patients, 44 males and 7 females, consisting of those with adenocarcinoma (n = 27), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 19), large cell carcinoma (n = 2), small cell carcinoma (n = 1), lung sarcoma (n = 1), and carcinoid (n = 1), were evaluated. Pathological stages of the patients were stage I (n = 16), stage II (n = 1), stage III (n = 28), and stage IV (n = 6). Thirteen patients (25.5%) underwent curative surgery, 23 patients (45.1%) received relative curative surgery and 15 patients (29.4%) received non-curative surgery. The mean value of cytotoxic activity in the patients who received curative surgery was 34.7 +/- 15.3%, relative curative surgery 26.5 +/- 18.9%, and non-curative surgery 42.8 +/- 22.3%. Among the patients who underwent curative and relative curative surgery, 23 patients survived more than 2 years and 13 patients died of cancer recurrence. Mean value of cytotoxic activity in the former (36.7 +/- 15.9%) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that in the latter (17.1 +/- 14.7%). Positive rate (percentage of patients whose CA exceeded 15%) of the former (86.9%) was also higher than that of the latter (46.1%). Comparison between the survival curves of the positive cases (CA 15.0%) and negative cases (CA less than 15.0%) revealed a significantly better prognosis for the former (generalized Wilcoxon test: W/square root VarW = 2.198). The mean cytotoxic activity in the cases of local recurrence (25.7 +/- 16.6%, n = 7) was higher (p less than 0.10) than that in the cases with distant metastases (9.3 +/- 6.3%). PMID- 3499121 TI - Nodular 'pure' mucocutaneous histiocytosis X in an adult. PMID- 3499122 TI - Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. An unusual presentation. AB - A patient presented with the clinical and some of the histopathologic findings consistent with a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Immunophenotyping, however, clearly demonstrated the B-cell nature of the proliferation. This report emphasizes the importance of immunophenotyping in these lesions, particularly since only these studies can definitely characterize these proliferations. Of greater importance is that therapy, clinical course, and prognosis will vary according to the true nature of the lymphoma. The differential diagnosis of pseudolymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma is also discussed. PMID- 3499123 TI - In vivo studies of articular tissue damage mediated by catabolin/interleukin 1. AB - A partially purified porcine synovial catabolin interleukin 1 (CF) preparation was injected intra-articularly into rabbit stifle (knee) joints. Radiolabelled CF was rapidly cleared from the joint (0.4 h). Repeated injections of CF caused a marked loss of articular cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and a great increase in synovial fluid GAG. 35SO4 uptake was inhibited. Time course experiments after a single injection produced similar loss of GAG from knee cartilages, which was maximal three days after injection. The above changes were significantly less with heat inactivated preparations. Loss of articular cartilage metachromasia was found histologically, and an acute synovitis occurred together with lymphocytic foci and plasma cell infiltration. PMID- 3499124 TI - Assessment of disability caused by rheumatic diseases in general practice. AB - At present general practitioners lack a tool for defining the level of disability of individual patients and groups of patients with arthritis. An assessment technique (health assessment questionnaire) developed in the United States is described, and its use in general practice evaluated. Sixty two patients agreed to be visited at home to compare their observed abilities when performing the tasks of the health assessment questionnaire. The health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) is easily understood and takes patients only 10-15 minutes to complete. The numerical scores (range 0-3) for disability obtained on the postal questionnaire are close to the observed scores when patients are visited at home. PMID- 3499125 TI - Isolated HLA-B27 associated Achilles tendinitis. AB - The case of a 37 year old man with a longstanding HLA-B27 associated bilateral Achilles tendinitis without seronegative spondyloarthropathy is reported. This case suggests that heel enthesopathy may for a long time be the only clinical manifestation of the HLA-B27 associated disease process. PMID- 3499126 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting by utilizing in situ right gastroepiploic artery: basic study and clinical application. AB - The right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) was studied angiographically and histologically to determine its suitability for coronary artery bypass grafting. One hundred celiac angiograms demonstrated that the right GEA has the appropriate size (diameter less than 1.5 mm, 4%; 1.5 to 2 mm, 29%; more than 2 mm, 67%) and length (less than half of the greater curvature, 5%; more than half of the greater curvature, 95%; more than two-thirds of the greater curvature, 34%) for use as an in situ graft. A stenotic lesion of a GEA was observed in only 1 angiogram. Histological examination of a right GEA from 5 patients who had undergone gastrectomy demonstrated no evidence of arteriosclerosis. Encouraged by these results, we performed a coronary artery bypass reoperation utilizing an in situ right GEA graft in 2 women. Postoperative angiograms showed good patency of those grafts. The patients recovered well and were free from angina. PMID- 3499127 TI - Pericardial incision for internal mammary artery coronary bypass. AB - A pericardial incision is described that allows internal mammary artery grafts to reach their destination without angulating around a cut edge of pericardium and leaves a pericardial flap for covering bypass grafts anterior to the heart. PMID- 3499128 TI - HLA immunogenetic heterogeneity within patients with Graves' disease. PMID- 3499129 TI - Necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease). Report of four cases of an unusual pseudolymphomatous lesion and immunologic marker studies. AB - The clinical and histologic features of four cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease), an unusual pseudolymphomatous lesion, are presented. Three patients were female and one was male. All were under 40 years of age. Cervical and juxtaparotid lymph nodes were affected. Immunological staining in two cases demonstrated a population of T cells and monocytes in the necrotic areas. Necrotizing lymphadenitis is a peculiar reactive condition with a predilection for cervical lymph nodes in young women. Although the histologic features may be confused with those of malignant lymphoma, to our knowledge the natural history has been benign in all cases to date. PMID- 3499130 TI - Cigarette smoking-related persistent polyclonal B lymphocytosis. A premalignant state. AB - A case of cigarette smoking-related polyclonal B lymphocytosis, with binucleated cells, was observed. The condition was persistent for two years. We indicated the abnormal ultrastructural features and suggest that this unexplained syndrome could be a premalignant state. PMID- 3499131 TI - [In vitro effect of nifedipine on cardiovascular functions; in vitro and in situ effects on the cation profile of the aorta, myocardium and skeletal muscle of frogs]. PMID- 3499132 TI - Comparisons of processing with and without potassium pyroantimonate in quantitative autoradiography of calcium in developing teeth of the frog Rana pipiens. AB - To assess the effect of potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) on the retention and localization of 45Ca in developing teeth, six frogs were injected with 45CaCl2, and pairs decapitated after 5 min, 1 h and 24 h; blocks of developing teeth were dissected and processed with and without PPA. Sections from 36 teeth in similar stages of development were selected from the PPA-processed blocks and similar sections from 36 teeth without PPA treatment served as controls; all were similarly processed for autoradiographic examination. Each tooth was drawn to scale; the areas of enamel, dentine and predentine were measured and the net number of silver grains in each tissue determined after subtraction of background counts. Counts in the PPA specimens were consistently higher for all tissues and all time intervals and the differences between experimental and control mean counts were statistically significant. No differences in the distribution pattern of 45Ca were seen in any of the three tissues. The unaltered distribution but increased concentration of 45Ca with PPA suggest the formation of PPA complexes with loosely-bound calcium, which will enhance its retention during processing for autoradiography. PMID- 3499134 TI - Medical malpractice litigation in cataract surgery. PMID- 3499133 TI - Effects of retinoic acid on receptors for epidermal growth factor in mouse palatal mesenchymal cells in vitro. AB - Retinoic acid (RA), one of the inducers of cleft palate in vivo, specifically increased the 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding capacity of embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells; the increase was completely inhibited by actinomycin D, suggesting that transcription is required for this change. When the increase in EGF receptors was related to the stimulation of DNA synthesis by EGF in the presence of various concentrations of RA, the maximum stimulation of [3H] thymidine by EGF was at 10(-9) M RA, but the maximum increase in the number of EGF receptors was at 10(-6) M RA. Thus the increase in the number of EGF receptors cannot be related to EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis. PMID- 3499135 TI - Transscleral iontophoresis as an adjunctive treatment for experimental endophthalmitis. AB - We examined the efficacy of transcleral iontophoresis as an adjunct to intravitreal injection in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas endophthalmitis in rabbits. Animals received no antibacterial treatment (untreated controls; group 1), a single intravitreal injection of 100 micrograms of gentamicin sulfate (group 2), or the same dose of gentamicin sulfate along with two treatments of transscleral iontophoresis given 24 and 48 hours after the intravitreal injection (group 3). Treatment was initiated 16, 24, or 48 hours after the induction of infection. For each interval from infection to treatment, there was a lower bacterial count and a higher rate of sterilization in the eyes in group 3 than in group 2; both treated groups had better outcomes than the untreated controls. These data suggest that transscleral iontophoresis could be clinically useful as a supplement to intravitreal injection for a refractory type of endophthalmitis such as that caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 3499136 TI - Cupulogenesis and glycoconjugates in the labyrinthine ampulla as revealed by WGA gold labeling. AB - We studied the distribution of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-bindable glycoconjugates in the vestibular ampulla of mongolian gerbils. WGA was conjugated with gold particles and applied to Lowicryl K4M sections of the ampulla. WGA-binding sites were found on the cupula and some of the secretory granules and Golgi apparatuses in the supporting cells of the sensory epithelia. The granules were seen to secrete into the endolymphatic space through reticular membrane. It is likely, therefore, that glycoconjugates are glycosylated at the Golgi apparatus in the supporting cells, stored in the granules, and secreted through the reticular membrane into the endolymphatic space to be used as a component of the cupula. The cell membranes of various cells, connective tissue filaments in the perilymphatic space and the cytoplasm of melanocytes were also labeled with WGA-gold. PMID- 3499137 TI - Antinuclear antibodies: their interpretation in rheumatic disease. PMID- 3499138 TI - Effect of low nucleotide concentrations on abortive elongation catalysed by wheat germ RNA polymerase II. AB - A kinetic study of the effect of elongating nucleotide concentration on the reactions of abortive elongation catalysed by wheat-germ RNA polymerase II on a poly[d(A-T)] template suggests that the shift from abortive to productive elongation may involve the participation of at least two nucleotides, according to a mechanism very similar to that reported for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Experiments performed with non-complementary nucleotides with respect to the DNA template, and with substrate derivatives, allow an analysis of the substrate specificity during these reactions. Similar experiments performed with poly[d(A-A T)].poly[d(T-T-A)] as template provide a starting point for a better understanding of the effect of DNA sequence on the rates of abortive and productive elongation catalysed by the plant enzyme. PMID- 3499139 TI - The mechanism of action of GTP on Ca2+ efflux from rat liver microsomal vesicles. AB - 1. Guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]), if added before GTP, blocks both Ca2+ efflux promoted by GTP and the effect of GTP on enhancement of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-promoted Ca2+ release from preloaded microsomal vesicles. If, however, GTP[S] is added after GTP, it does not reverse the Ca2+ efflux promoted by GTP, nor does it inhibit IP3-promoted Ca2+ release. 2. The effect of GTP in enhancing IP3-promoted Ca2+ release is maintained after washing the microsomal vesicles free of added GTP. After this treatment, enhancement of IP3-promoted Ca2+ efflux can be observed in the absence of poly(ethylene glycol). 3. Electron microscopy shows that during GTP treatment of microsomal vesicles there is rapid production of very large vesicular structures, apparently produced by fusion of smaller vesicles. 4. Light-scattering changes are detectable during the fusion process. 5. Both Ca2+ efflux promoted by GTP and the enhancement of IP3-promoted Ca2+ release seen in the presence of GTP can probably be attributed to GTP-dependent vesicle fusion. PMID- 3499140 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase from bovine aortae. AB - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity has been demonstrated in the crude microsomal fraction of the intima of bovine aortae. The procedure for the isolation of vessel wall carboxylase is a slight modification of the general preparation procedure for tissue microsomes. The highest activity of the non hepatic enzyme was observed at 25 degrees C and hardly any NADH-dependent vitamin K reductase could be demonstrated. The optimal reaction conditions for both vessel wall as well as liver carboxylase were similar: 0.1 M-NaCl/0.05 M Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, containing 8 mM-dithiothreitol, 0.4% 3-[(3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonic acid (CHAPS), 0.4 mM-vitamin K hydroquinone and 2 M-(NH4)2SO4. Warfarin inhibits the hepatic and non-hepatic carboxylase/reductase enzyme complex more or less to a similar degree. We have measured the apparent Km values for the following substrates: Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu ('FLEEL'), decarboxylated osteocalcin, decarboxylated fragment 13-29 from descarboxyprothrombin and decarboxylated sperm 4-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla-)protein. The results obtained demonstrated that liver and vessel wall carboxylase may be regarded as isoenzymes with different substrate specificities. The newly discovered enzyme is the first vitamin K-dependent carboxylase which shows an absolute substrate specificity: FLEEL and decarboxylated osteocalcin were good substrates for vessel wall carboxylase, but decarboxylated fragment 13 29 and decarboxylated sperm Gla-protein were not carboxylated at all. PMID- 3499141 TI - Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in permeabilized rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Dependence on calcium concentration. AB - The metabolism of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ([3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3) was studied in permeabilized rat aortic smooth-muscle cells. Addition of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 to the leaky cells led to formation of several labelled metabolites. Amounts of [3H]inositol bisphosphate and [3H]inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate ([3H]InsP4) reached a maximum within 2 min of incubation, whereas production of [3H]inositol monophosphate and [3H]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate ([3H]Ins(1,3,4)P3) was delayed. Formation of InsP4 and Ins(1,3,4)P3 was Ca2+-sensitive in the physiological intracellular range (0.06-5 microM), showing a maximum at 1 microM Ca2+. A correlation between the formation of InsP4 and that of Ins(1,3,4)P3 was observed, suggesting that the former is the precursor of the latter. These results suggest that, in vascular smooth-muscle cells, Ins(1,4,5)P3 is metabolized via two distinct pathways: (1) a dephosphorylation pathway, leading to formation of inositol bis- and mono-phosphate; and (2) a Ca2+-sensitive phosphorylation/dephosphorylation pathway, involving formation of InsP4 and leading to formation of Ins(1,3,4)P3. PMID- 3499142 TI - Purification and renaturation of recombinant human interleukin-2. AB - Recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) expressed as Escherichia coli was isolated as insoluble aggregates of protein (inclusion bodies) after cell breakage. IL-2 and contaminants were dissolved in 6 M-guanidinium chloride/10 mM-dithiothreitol, pH 8.5, and further purified in reduced and denatured form by gel-permeation chromatography in the same solvent. Renaturation was effected by dilution and autoxidation; IL-2 of native specific activity was isolated at over 95% purity by reversed-phase h.p.l.c.; an additional peak of reduced protein was also observed. Most losses of native IL-2 occurred on refolding, probably because of an aggregation process; concentrations around 1 microgram/ml were necessary to achieve 30% recovery. It was essential to maintain the denatured protein in reduced form before renaturation and autoxidation, which was most efficient at pH 8.5 with 1.5 microM-CuSO4. A procedure based on these observations has been used to prepare IL-2 on the 50 micrograms scale. PMID- 3499143 TI - Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by calvarial cells. Characterization of the enzyme systems. AB - The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D3] from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] has previously been shown to occur in cells isolated from bone. The main findings of the present study are that the enzyme systems which catalyse these syntheses are: (1) active at 'in vitro' substrate concentrations over the range of 2-50 nM; (2) regulatable in a complex way by 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 25,26 dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25(OH)D3, but not by cholecalciferol ('vitamin D3'); and (3) have relatively short half-lives (approx. 5 h). PMID- 3499145 TI - Identification of phosphorylated 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid as a component of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. AB - A phosphorylated 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO) was released from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the deep rough mutant (Rb+169) of Haemophilus influenzae by acid hydrolysis. Both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated KDO, produced by treatment with alkaline phosphatase, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after trimethylsilylation. This technique provides a rapid and reliable method for the identification of phosphorylated KDO in LPS. PMID- 3499144 TI - Biosynthesis and regulation of rat alpha 1-inhibitor3, a negative acute-phase reactant of the macroglobulin family. AB - The biosynthesis of rat alpha 1-inhibitor3, a negative acute-phase reactant specifically found in rodents, was studied in vitro in a cell-free translation system from rabbit reticulocytes, in rat hepatocyte primary cultures and in vivo by immunocytochemistry using normal and turpentine-injected rats. By sucrose gradient centrifugation and subsequent translation of the fractionated RNA in vitro it was found that the mRNA coding for alpha 1-inhibitor3 exhibited a size of about 28S. For the alpha 1-inhibitor3 translated in vitro an apparent Mr of 155,000 was determined. A continuous decrease in the level of alpha 1-inhibitor3 in serum during experimental inflammation induced by turpentine injection was demonstrated by means of quantitative 'rocket' immunoelectrophoresis. This result agrees with the observation by immunocytochemistry of a drastic decrease in alpha 1-inhibitor3 levels in hepatocytes 24 h after turpentine injection. At that time alpha 1-inhibitor3 is mainly located in the Golgi apparatus, whereas it is also present in the membranes of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum when normal liver is used. All hepatocytes, but no other hepatic cells, contain alpha 1-inhibitor3. When hepatocyte primary cultures were labelled with [35S]methionine and alpha 1-inhibitor3 was immunoprecipitated from the hepatocyte medium and the supernatant of homogenized cells, two different forms of alpha 1-inhibitor3 were found. The intracellular form of alpha 1-inhibitor3, with an apparent Mr of 173,000, is characterized by oligosaccharide side chains of the high-mannose type. The form of alpha 1-inhibitor3 in the medium exhibited an Mr of 186,000 and carried carbohydrate side chains of the complex type. After labelling hepatocytes with radioactive sugars, [3H]mannose was found in both forms of alpha 1 inhibitor3, whereas [3H]fucose and [3H]galactose were incorporated only into the form found in the medium. In the presence of tunicamycin an unglycosylated alpha 1-inhibitor3 with an apparent Mr of 154,000 was found in cells and in the medium. In a pulse-chase experiment it was shown that inhibition of glycosylation by tunicamycin resulted in a marked delay of secretion of alpha 1-inhibitor3. Thus the oligosaccharide side chains of alpha 1-inhibitor3 play an important role during its transport into the medium. PMID- 3499146 TI - Studies on the interactions of human pancreatic elastase 2 with human alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. AB - The interactions of human pancreatic elastase 2 with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were compared by studies in vitro. The equimolar complexes obtained between the enzyme and either inhibitor were relatively stable at 25 degrees C since they could be visualized for up to 5 days by an electrophoretic method. However, in both cases, a slow dissociation occurred with release of active enzyme. As the kass. rate constants are of the same order of magnitude, with a slightly lower value for alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor when compared with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin [(5.6 +/- 1.2) X 10(5) and (8.9 +/- 1.3) X 10(5) M-1.s-1 respectively], partition of human pancreatic elastase 2 between both inhibitors in human plasma is mainly dependent on their respective concentrations. A comparative study by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the interactions of this enzyme with the two inhibitors contained in normal human plasma and in a mimetic mixture of pure inhibitors was carried out. This allowed the visualization of complexes with either inhibitor. Formation of such a complex with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin had never been demonstrated previously. The patterns obtained are similar when working with normal plasma or with the synthetic mixture, suggesting that, in the conditions used, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin are the main inhibitors of human pancreatic elastase 2 in the plasma sample. However, it is also shown that part of the enzyme may be taken up by alpha 2-macroglobulin, which is responsible for the remaining enzyme activity on a synthetic substrate. The present work suggests that, according to the delay times of inhibition of human pancreatic elastase 2 calculated from the normal plasma concentrations of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, a significant role can be assigned to both inhibitors. Moreover, the role of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin would be enhanced in alpha 1-proteinase-inhibitor deficiency. PMID- 3499147 TI - The crystal structure of the beta-lactamase of Streptomyces albus G at 0.3 nm resolution. AB - The crystal structure of the beta-lactamase of Streptomyces albus G has been solved at 0.3 nm resolution by X-ray-diffraction methods. The enzyme is a typical two-domain protein. One domain consists of five alpha-helices, and the other is five-stranded beta-sheet with alpha-helices on both sides of the sheet. The active-site serine residue (Ser-48) is within a cleft located between the two domains. PMID- 3499148 TI - Degradation of AMP in erythrocytes of man. Evidence for a cytosolic phosphatase activity. AB - By means of selective inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, the contributions of two competing pathways for the breakdown of adenosine nucleotides in erythrocytes of man were examined. Under nearly physiological conditions in vitro the main pathway for the irreversible breakdown proceeds from AMP via IMP and inosine to hypoxanthine. Its rate amounts to 12 mumol AMP/l cells X h. At the same time about three times as much AMP, about 40 mumol/l cells X h, are degraded by way of dephosphorylation to adenosine. However, this pathway does not contribute significantly to the production of hypoxanthine, since the adenosine formed is rephosphorylated by adenosine kinase. Both AMP and IMP are dephosphorylated by an unspecific cytosolic acid phosphatase, the maximal activity of which amounts to 660 mumol nucleotide/l cells X h. PMID- 3499149 TI - Influence of autoclaved Brucella melitensis on the proliferation of human lymphocytes. AB - Brucella melitensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium which binds spontaneously to human B-lymphocytes. In order to find out whether there exists a relation between bacterial adherence and lymphocyte reactivity, the proliferation response of normal adult peripheral blood lymphocytes to autoclaved B. melitensis has been studied. Our results indicate that autoclaved B. melitensis induce only a slight increase in proliferation. This low lymphocyte response is due to proliferating B-cells. In high doses B. melitensis inhibited the response of lymphocytes to Concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. This effect is probably due to the presence of lectin binding saccharides on the bacterial surface competing with the T-cells for the mitogens. PMID- 3499150 TI - Model study on the bioreduction of paraquat, MPP+, and analogs. Evidence against a "redox cycling" mechanism in MPTP neurotoxicity. AB - The ability of paraquat, MPP+, and analogs to be reduced by chemical reductants and by NADPH, as catalyzed by liver microsomes or purified NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, is reported. The analogs span a range of electrochemical potential, including values in-between that of paraquat and MPP+. Analogs with an Eo below .55 V (vs. NHE) are not reduced by either the NADPH-microsomes or NADPH-reductase systems. The inability of MPP+ to be bio-reduced or to stimulate the production of superoxide during aerobic reduction is evidence against a redox-cycling (oxidant stress) role of MPP+ in MPTP neurotoxicity. PMID- 3499151 TI - Hormonal regulation of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and hepatic alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA in rats. AB - We evaluated the effects of pituitary dependent hormones on alpha 1-antitrypsin in male rats. Hepatic alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA was measured by in vitro translation and by specific hybridization with a mouse cDNA alpha 1-antitrypsin probe. Hypophysectomy caused a 50-75% decrease in serum elastase inhibitory capacity (measuring functional alpha 1-antitrypsin) and hepatic alpha 1 antitrypsin mRNA content. In hypophysectomized animals, no increase in elastase inhibitory capacity or alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA levels by translation was found when met-human growth hormone alone or corticosterone, dihydrotestosterone and thyroxine were given together. Growth hormone increased alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA by hybridization to a small extent. Addition of growth hormone to the combination of corticosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and thyroxine increased serum elastase inhibitory capacity and alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA. We conclude that growth hormone acts synergistically with the other pituitary dependent hormones to regulate serum and hepatic mRNA levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 3499152 TI - Deletion of C4A genes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - To define the relationship between inheritance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and susceptibility to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we examined the MHC class I, II, and III phenotypes of white SLE patients and characterized the structures of their class III MHC genes, using Southern blotting. Nine of 88 SLE patients (10.2%) were C4A null. As detected by Southern blot analysis, the C4A gene was deleted from both chromosomes in 8 of the 9 C4A-null patients. Deletions affecting only 1 chromosome (heterozygous) were detected in the remaining C4A-null patient and in 34.5% of SLE patients who were not C4A deficient (compared with 12.5% of controls; P less than 0.05). These results indicate that deletion of the C4A gene is a common genetic marker for SLE. Deletions of C4A were observed most commonly as part of the HLA-B8;DR3 extended haplotype, although deletions were also detected in different HLA haplotypes. Because of the critical role of C4A in the processing of immune complexes, deficiency of C4A may, itself, confer susceptibility to the development of SLE. PMID- 3499153 TI - Nitrofurantoin-induced antinuclear antibodies and panniculitis. PMID- 3499155 TI - Translational control of alpha-amylase gene expression in Aspergillus awamori. AB - Regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression in Aspergillus awamori was studied by analyzing the enzyme activity levels, rate of protein synthesis, and alpha amylase-specific mRNA levels under various conditions of growth. alpha-Amylase synthesis was sensitive to catabolite repression as glucose repressed its synthesis by about fourfold. The stimulation of alpha-amylase synthesis in the presence of its substrate starch was shown to be due to derepression rather than induction as the enzyme was synthesized at similar rates in both starch and starvation media. Repression and derepression of enzyme synthesis was found to be mediated at the translational level. The cellular levels of alpha-amylase specific mRNA as measured by an in vitro translation assay system, were almost identical under all conditions of enzyme synthesis. Relative in vivo and in vitro alpha-amylase mRNA template activities suggest that alpha-amylase mRNA is translated much more efficiently during the derepression than under the conditions of repressed synthesis. PMID- 3499154 TI - 2,000-centiGray total lymphoid irradiation for refractory rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Because toxicity with the use of 3,000 centiGray (cGy) of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) was observed in an earlier study, 2,000-cGy treatments were delivered in a 2-portal format to 7 patients and in a modified 3-portal fashion to 6 patients, as part of a randomized, investigator-blinded trial of TLI treatment for refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of combined data from the 13 patients revealed statistically significant improvement in 5 clinical indicators of disease activity at the end of TLI and 6 and 12 months later, accompanied by T4-specific immunosuppression. Management considerations resulted in the introduction of prednisone therapy in 5 patients, methotrexate in 4, and azathioprine in 1 during the interval of 8-12 months post-TLI. Herpes zoster occurred in 5 patients prior to the initiation of this additional therapy. These data indicate that, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a TLI dose of 2,000 cGy is sufficient to produce measurable benefit that lasts for 6 months, and that the improvement can be maintained at 12 months by the use of prednisone and methotrexate. PMID- 3499157 TI - [Transient movement of CSF protein (alpha 1-globulin) in two patients with bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 3499156 TI - Alterations in T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with head and neck cancer. Correlations with prognosis. AB - Impaired cell-mediated immunity has been consistently demonstrated in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cancer (HNSC); however, the results of prior studies of correlations of cellular immune parameters with treatment outcome have been inconsistent, and routine assessment of immune parameters has been of limited clinical use. To determine the prognostic importance of alterations in the proportions of various T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with HNSC, levels of T3, T4, T6, T8, T9, T10, T11, and Leu 7 cells were quantitated by flow cytometry in 80 previously untreated patients and prospectively correlated with tumor characteristics and clinical course (median length of follow-up, 27 months). The mean helper/suppressor cell ratio (T4/T8) increased progressively with increasing tumor stage and was significantly elevated among patients with cancer as a group and in patients with advanced (stage III or IV) disease compared with 40 normal subjects. Decreased disease free survival was significantly associated with elevated T4/T8 ratios and low percent T8 and T11 cell levels. The prognostic significance of percent T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) cell levels persisted even after adjusting for known prognostic factors of tumor stage, T class, N class, and tumor site. These correlations provide new insight into immune alterations in HNSC that may prove useful in identifying patients with early clinical disease who have a poor prognosis. PMID- 3499158 TI - Complement and anaphylatoxin responses to cross-clamping of the aorta. Studies during general anaesthesia with or without extradural blockade. AB - Complement activation and anaphylatoxin formation were studied in 28 patients undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery under general anaesthesia. In 12 of the patients an extradural catheter was placed in the L1-2 space and 2% mepivacaine was injected until blockade reached the T4 level. The remaining 16 patients were operated upon under general anaesthesia alone. Complement activation was not obvious until aortic cross-clamping. The release of anaphylatoxin was less pronounced during cross-clamping in the extradural group. PMID- 3499160 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propofol in female patients. Studies using single bolus injections. AB - The pharmacokinetics of propofol in a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 given via a vein in the antecubital fossa were studied in 18 patients. Anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen in all patients. The effects of pretreatment with fentanyl (n = 6) and maintenance with halothane (n = 6) on the pharmacokinetics of propofol were also investigated. Pretreatment with fentanyl resulted in prolonged apnoea in four patients. No serious side effects occurred. The pharmacokinetics of propofol in unpretreated patients who were maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen only can be described by a three-compartment open mammalian model with very rapid distribution (T1/2 alpha about 3 min), rapid elimination (T1/2 beta 45 min) and a slower final phase (T1/2 gamma about 300 min). The total body clearance of propofol was rapid (1.91 litre min-1). Propofol was initially distributed into a relatively large central compartment (41.3 litre) and was extensively redistributed (Vss 305 litre; V gamma 722 litre). Throughout the sampling period the mean blood concentrations of propofol for the patients pretreated with fentanyl were about 50% higher than the mean concentrations for patients maintained with nitrous oxide only. Mean propofol concentrations for the patients maintained with halothane were intermediate between those of the other two groups. PMID- 3499159 TI - Acute ventilatory changes during i.v. induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol in man. Studies using inductance plethysmography. AB - We have compared the acute ventilatory changes during induction of anaesthesia with equipotent doses of thiopentone and propofol in 12 premedicated female patients. Using ventilatory inductance plethysmography we have shown that both agents depress respiration to a similar and significant degree (P less than 0.001). However, although the functional residual capacity was reduced in patients receiving propofol, it increased slightly after induction with thiopentone (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3499161 TI - Recovery from outpatient anaesthesia: a comparison of incremental propofol and propofol-isoflurane. AB - Propofol was used to induce anaesthesia in 60 patients undergoing minor outpatient gynaecological procedures. Maintenance was with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen, plus either isoflurane or 10-mg increments of propofol. Recovery was assessed using both clinical and psychomotor criteria and the results compared with those obtained in a non-anaesthetized control group. As far as the two test groups were concerned, initial recovery was more rapid in the incremental propofol group but, by 1 h after surgery, there were no differences between all three groups. PMID- 3499162 TI - Propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia for coronary bypass surgery in patients with good left ventricular function. AB - The haemodynamic effects of propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia for elective coronary bypass surgery were studied in 15 patients with good left ventricular function. The induction dose of propofol was 1.5 mg kg-1. The mean infusion rate during maintenance was 5.15 mg kg-1 h-1 (range 4.05-8.82 mg kg-1 h-1). The total dose of fentanyl given in the pre-bypass period was 32 micrograms kg-1. Induction of anaesthesia was associated with significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in systolic (-28%) and diastolic (-23%) pressures, systemic vascular resistance ( 25%) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) (-32%). The decrease in LVSWI (P less than 0.05) during induction and maintenance with unchanged filling pressures, indicated myocardial depression. Clinical signs that could reflect myocardial ischaemia were not observed during the operation. There were no changes in the concentrations of the cardiac enzymes in the postoperative period and ECG morphology was unchanged. PMID- 3499163 TI - Effect of food and various antacids on the absorption of tenoxicam. AB - 1 Twelve healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of tenoxicam 20 mg on six occasions separated by 3 weeks. 2 The six occasions were: fasted overnight; postprandial; fasting and 15 ml aluminium hydroxide gel; postprandial and 15 ml aluminium hydroxide gel; fasting and 15 ml aluminium and magnesium hydroxide gel; postprandial and 15 ml aluminium and magnesium hydroxide gel. 3 Twenty plasma samples were collected over 15 days following dosing with tenoxicam. 4 The following kinetic parameters for plasma tenoxicam were compared: peak concentrations, time taken to reach peak concentrations, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and half-life of elimination. 5 Food lengthened the time taken to reach peak tenoxicam concentrations (5.82 +/- 4.6 vs 1.84 +/- 1.0 h in the fasting state; P less than 0.02) and marginally reduced the peak concentrations achieved. AUC was not affected by any of the different regimens. 6 These effects of food on tenoxicam bioavailability are unlikely to be of clinical significance during chronic dosing with the drug. PMID- 3499164 TI - Do phenothiazines contribute to tumour regressions in lymphokine-activated killer cell/interleukin-2 treatments of renal cell cancer? PMID- 3499165 TI - Human cancer DNA fingerprint analysis. PMID- 3499166 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. AB - We have studied neoplastic lymph nodes from six patients histologically, immunologically and cytogenetically. Histologically all the cases were classified as peripheral T-cell lymphomas. These were subclassified as T-zone lymphomas in three, large cell 'pale cell' variant in one, large cell immunoblastic in one, and small cell, mycosis fungoides in one. Two had features of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). Immunologically all cases expressed CD2 (OKT11) and CD4 (T4). All six cases had clonal chromosome abnormalities, although in four cases the majority of cells were chromosomally normal. Chromosome 3 was most often involved in abnormalities, occurring in five patients. The most common single chromosome abnormality, trisomy 3, was seen in all three cases classified as T zone lymphoma and in no other cases. In the two cases with features of AILD only numerical abnormalities were seen, whereas in the other cases complicated structural rearrangements were present. Recurring structural abnormalities involved bands 1p12or13, 1q32, 3p25 and 14q11. Our data suggest that cytogenetic analysis may assist in diagnosis and classification of the peripheral T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 3499167 TI - Relationship between platelet aggregating factor and von Willebrand factor in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The pathophysiology of the platelet thrombotic disorder, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), is not well understood. Two apparently unrelated laboratory abnormalities have recently been described in patients with TTP: a platelet aggregating factor and abnormalities in von Willebrand factor (vWF). Although an interaction between these two abnormalities has been postulated to participate in the disease, this has not been proved. In this report we describe studies on a patient with relapsing TTP. These studies demonstrate that a consistent relationship exists between the platelet aggregating factor present in the patient's serum and vWF. The patient had chronic low-grade thrombocytopenic and schistocytic haemolytic anaemia that could be temporarily cured by infusions of plasma and certain other blood products. During acute exacerbations of the illness, a platelet aggregating factor was detectable in the patient's serum and this was associated with the loss of the larger multimers of vWF. During remissions of the illness, abnormally large multimers of vWF were present. The results of this study support the concept that a platelet aggregating factor plus large multimers of vWF participate in the acute platelet thrombi that characterize TTP. PMID- 3499168 TI - Antiglobulin serum mediated phagocytosis of normal senescent and oxidized RBC: role of anti-IgM immunoglobulins in phagocytic recognition. AB - Fresh human monocytes usually do not recognize normal RBCs; however, in our newly developed assay antiglobulin-opsonized normal RBCs were phagocytized. Both anti IgG and anti-IgM fractions present in the antiglobulin serum were involved but the major opsonin was anti-IgM. The anti-IgM opsonized mainly senescent RBCs and therefore could be used to discriminate young from senescent RBCs. The antiglobulin serum and monospecific anti-IgM increased opsonization of in vitro oxidized and desialylated RBCs, whereas trypsin-treatment of RBCs decreased phagocytosis. The material removed by trypsin from the RBCs surface inhibited the antiglobulin and monospecific anti-IgM phagocytic assay supporting the view that membrane associated elements crossreacted with anti-IgM. These results suggest that both internal cellular events and external removal of sialic acid play a role in the emergence of non-IgG covered epitopes on the surface of senescent and oxidized erythrocytes. PMID- 3499169 TI - Interferon and B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 3499171 TI - T-cell lymphoma in a haemophiliac positive for antibody to HIV. PMID- 3499170 TI - Inhibition by interleukin-1 of the action of erythropoietin on erythroid precursors and its possible role in the pathogenesis of hypoplastic anaemias. AB - Highly purified and cloned preparations of interleukin-1 (IL-1) were found to antagonize the capacity of erythropoietin (Epo) to stimulate the proliferation of mouse spleen and bone marrow erythroid precursor cells (EPC) in culture. Cloned murine IL-1 and purified and cloned human IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were approximately equipotent in this assay. IL-1 inhibited the proliferation response of EPC even when added as long as 17 h after Epo, suggesting that IL-1 does not affect binding of Epo to receptors or biochemical events following shortly thereafter. Indomethacin did not influence the inhibitory effect of IL-1 on Epo induced proliferation, and PGE2 had no demonstrable effect on the process. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferons beta 1, and gamma did not affect Epo induced proliferation. It is suggested that IL-1 mediated antagonism of the effects of Epo on erythroid precursors is a factor in the pathogenesis of many types of hypoplastic anaemia, including those associated with infections, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, giant-cell arteritis, graft-versus-host disease and disorders associated with lymphocyte-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. PMID- 3499172 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic value of monoclonal antibodies in immunophenotyping of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy/lymphogranulomatosis X. AB - Immunophenotyping of frozen lymph node sections from seven patients with morphologically defined angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) was performed with a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). MoAb for identification of dendritic reticulum cells showed remnants of follicular structures in all cases. In four cases these 'burnt out' follicular structures were associated with clusters of polyclonal B-cells. Vascular proliferation and small amounts of intercellular collagenous fibrils were reliably revealed by MoAb CIV22 against basement membrane collagen. Cellular infiltrates of T4+ cells prevailed in four cases, of T8+ cells in one case. In one case conventionally identified blasts were of T- and B-cell origin. Expression of cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen identified by MoAb Ki-67 was present in more than 25% of lymph node cells in three patients with fatal outcome, but in less than 10% of cells in two patients with a better clinical course. Therefore MoAb Ki-67 may represent a valuable prognostic marker in AILD. PMID- 3499173 TI - An in vitro model for the study of acute release of von Willebrand factor from human endothelial cells. AB - An in vitro model is described which utilizes human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured on plastic microcarrier spheres and perfused with serum-free medium. This model was used to study the acute release of von Willebrand factor following stimulation of the cells with putative agonists. Thrombin, plasmin and interleukin-1 were found to release von Willebrand factor. Adrenaline and bradykinin also stimulated release but only at high dosage. 1-desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was inactive. PMID- 3499174 TI - Non-malignant asbestos diseases in workers in an electrochemical plant. AB - The prevalence of non-malignant asbestos related disorders was studied in a group of men who had been subjected to different levels of asbestos exposure when working at an electrochemical plant producing nitric acid sometime between 1928 and 1970. There were 153 men eligible for an initial clinical examination in 1979 80 and that group has been followed up to 1985. Among the cohort members the "accumulated prevalence" of lung fibrosis alone or in combination with pleural plaques and of "pleural plaques only" was 24.2% and 24.8% respectively. The subgroup with the heaviest exposure had a total prevalence of asbestos related disorders of 82.5%. Only study subjects with lung fibrosis had statistically significant increased prevalences of respiratory symptoms. All subgroups from the study population, however, had mean spirometric values under the age, height, and smoking specific predicted means. Subjects with heavy asbestos exposure and current smoking had a prevalence of three or more respiratory symptoms of 28.8% compared with 5.6% among lightly exposed never smokers. Pleural crepitations at chest auscultation were more prevalent among subjects with radiologically visible asbestos related disorders than among study subjects with normal chest x ray films. During the follow up from 1980 to 1985, three cases of lung cancer, two of pleural malignant mesothelioma, and one of stomach cancer were found among the cohort members. PMID- 3499175 TI - Sodium and potassium intakes in a representative population sample: estimation from 24 h urine collections known to be complete in a Cambridgeshire village. AB - 1. A representative sample of eighty men aged 25-44 years from a Cambridgeshire village, each carried out one 24-h urine collection which was analysed for sodium, potassium, creatinine and urea content. The completeness of the collections was verified using oral doses of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA; the PABA check test). 2. In the seventy-one collections shown to be complete, the average 24 h excretion of Na was 172 mmol and the average 24 h excretion of K was 74 mmol. 3. Fifty-one of these men's wives also made complete 24 h collections. The average content of these was 128 mmol Na and 61 mmol K. 4. Self reports and creatinine index would have identified as incomplete only 29 and 14% respectively of collections so judged by PABA. 5. Average excretion of 150 mmol Na/d was similar to estimated intakes of 140-167 mmol/d from the National Food Survey (Bull & Buss, 1980). PMID- 3499176 TI - Inhibition of factor XIa by antithrombin III. AB - The inactivation of human factor XIa by human antithrombin III was studied under pseudo-first-order reaction conditions (excess antithrombin III) both in the absence and in the presence of heparin. The time course of inhibition was followed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After electrophoresis, proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose and stained either for glycoprotein or for antithrombin III using antibodies against antithrombin III. Concomitant with factor XIa inactivation, two new slower migrating bands, one of which represented the intermediate complex consisting of one antithrombin III complexed with factor XIa, appeared as a transient band. Complete inactivation resulted in a single band representing the complex of factor XIa with two antithrombin III molecules. Quantitative analysis of the time course of inactivation was accomplished by measurement of the disappearance of factor XIa amidolytic activity toward the chromogenic substrate S2366. Pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics were observed throughout. The rate constant of inactivation was found to be 10(3) M-1 s-1 in the absence of heparin and 26.7 X 10(3) M-1 s-1 in the presence of saturating amounts of heparin. From the kinetic data, a binding constant (Kd) of 0.14 microM was inferred for the binding of antithrombin III to heparin. The time course of inactivation and the distribution of the reaction products observed upon gel electrophoresis are best explained assuming a mechanism of inactivation in which the two active sites present in factor XIa are inhibited in random order (i.e., independent of each other) with the same rate constant of inhibition. PMID- 3499177 TI - Role of carbohydrate in the function of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - cDNA clones for the human hematopoietic regulator granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) were isolated from a lamba gt11 cDNA library prepared from RNA of COS cells transiently expressing the gene for hGM-CSF. As the RNA was a rich source of hGM-CSF mRNA, approximately 0.1% of the clones of this library contained hGM-CSF sequences. All of the clones analyzed were full length and were correctly processed. When subcloned into an expression vector and transfected into COS cells, the cDNA clones direct the synthesis of higher levels of the growth factor than the gene from which they were derived. The cDNA for native hGM-CSF was used to generate structural mutants which lack N-linked carbohydrate, O-linked carbohydrate, or both. Although the mutant proteins had differing specific activities, the nonglycosylated forms reproduce many, if not all, of the physiologic functions of authentic hGM-CSF. The role of carbohydrate in the secretion and function of hGM-CSF is discussed. PMID- 3499178 TI - The effect of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and GTP on calcium release from rat liver microsomes. AB - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and GTP mobilized 8% and 90% of the ionophore-releaseable Ca2+ pool from rat liver microsomes, respectively. In contrast to GTP, which acted after a lag-time, the Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release was immediate. Poly(ethylene glycol) inhibited the effect of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and enhanced that of GTP. Ins(1,4,5)P3 accelerated and enhanced the GTP-induced Ca2+ release. Guanylyl imidodiphosphate inhibited competitively the GTP stimulated Ca2+ release, but not the GTP-dependent phosphorylation of the Mr 17,000 and 38,000 protein bands. PMID- 3499179 TI - Confirmation of Babinski-like response in periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus). PMID- 3499180 TI - Seasonality of birth and CT findings in schizophrenia. PMID- 3499181 TI - Spergualin: a new antitumour antibiotic. AB - Spergualin was isolated from the culture filtrate of Bacillus laterosporus as an antitumour substance. It had a unique structure and was shown to have chemotherapeutic effects on mouse transplantable leukaemias such as L-1210, P 388, P-815, C-1489, EL-4 and RL male 1. It was especially effective to L-1210 leukaemia and the leukaemia-bearing mice were even curable by the optimal dose of this drug. When the spergualin-treated cured mice were inoculated again by L-1210 cells, those leukaemic cells did not grow in the animals suggesting that specific immunity to L-1210 had been induced. In this induction of immunity cytotoxic T lymphocytes were suggested to be involved. Cytostatic effect of spergualin in cell culture was dependent on the content of amine oxidase in serum. In the study of structure-activity relationship, the 15-hydroxy group was found to be not necessary, while the spermidine moiety was essential for antitumour activity. 15 Deoxy derivative of spergualin was found to be more potent in antitumour activity. PMID- 3499182 TI - [Functioning of the pituitary-adrenal system during the vestibulo-vegetative syndrome and administration of dalargin and nalorphine]. AB - Changes in ACTH, cortisol, beta-endorphin have been investigated during vestibulo vegetative syndrome (VVS) and injections of dalargin (leu-enkephalin analog) and nalorphine (agonist-antagonist of opioid receptors) in 9 volunteers with low level vestibulo-vegetative stability. Cumulative coriolis acceleration test during rotations on a special chair was used for VVS modelling. Dalargin (1-4 mg), nalorphine (5 mg) and placebo (NaCl solution) were injected intravenously 5 15 min before rotation. A significant increase in ACTH, cortisol and beta endorphin plasma levels has been observed. Mean positive linear correlation (r greater than +0.6) between ACTH and beta-endorphin and ACTH and cortisol was noted immediately after the test only when dalargin was injected. It is suggested that in VVS there develops a hormonal conflict, i. e. an adequate hormonal release is disturbed. PMID- 3499183 TI - [Effect of antiglobulin serum on the expression of M-cholinoreceptors of spleen lymphocytes of intact and immunized mice]. AB - Using a labelled blocker of M-cholinoreceptors (M-CR)--3H-Quinuclidinyl benzilate -the number of the receptors on spleen lymphocytes has been determined before and after immunization of CBA and BALB/c mice with antiglobulin serum. The incubation of non-separated spleen cell suspension with antiglobulin serum decreased the number of M-CR by 14%, while the incubation of the enriched B-lymphocyte suspension decreased it by 32.5%. The immunization of animals with ovalbumin or bovine red blood cells increased the serum effect on M-CR expression in non separated lymphocyte suspension and had practically no influence on the serum effect in B-lymphocyte suspension. Thus, the effect on immunoglobulin receptors of B lymphocytes has a pronounced influence on M-CR expression, which may be one of the mechanisms of nervous and immune systems interaction. PMID- 3499184 TI - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on the cooperative interrelations of splenocytes involved in the primary immune response]. AB - The influence of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) on the interaction of spleen T- and B-cells has been studied in adoptive transfer system. It has been established that CG increases the primary immune response in non-ovariectomized mice. This effect reversely depended on the hormone concentration and was independent of prostaglandins (PG). In the experiments on ovariectomized mice the influence of CG was opposite and the immune response was decreased. This action was completely abolished by Voltren-induced blockade of UG-synthetase. In spleen cell culture of female mice CG suppresses the synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2). It is suggested that CG may have an independent immunosuppressive action, the mechanism of which consists of disturbed cell-to-cell communications on the level of short-acting mediators of the immunity--PG and IL-2. PMID- 3499185 TI - [Comparative analysis of the subpopulation of immunocompetent cells and the secretory IgA system in neonatal and maternal milk]. AB - To examine the local immunity of the newborn and maternal mammary glands the distribution of regulatory lymphocyte subsets, Ia-positive cells, free secretory component (Sc) and secretory IgA (SIgA) has been studied in maternal and neonatal milk. In the maternal milk there was a positive correlation between the relative number of Ia-positive cells and the level of SIgA, and a reverse correlation between the percentage of cytotoxic (suppressor) cells and free Sc level. No such correlations were observed on the neonatal milk. A high level of It-positive cells in the neonatal milk suggests a high functional activity of the local immunity in the mammary gland of the newborn. A high Sc level and a very low SIgA level were found in the neonatal milk. The relative immaturity and autonomy of the local immunity were observed in the neonatal mammary gland. PMID- 3499186 TI - Specific adsorption of HTLV-I to various target human and animal cells. AB - In this report, we describe a flow cytometric analysis of HTLV-I specific binding to fresh and cultured cells on a single cell basis. This assay uses rhodamine hydrocarbon tagged, purified HTLV-I virions according to the procedure originally described for avian retroviruses. Successful HTLV-I transmission was detected by analysis of integrated HTLV-I DNA, virion-associated reverse transcriptase, and/or intracellular HTLV-I core antigen p19 expression. Only a specific virus cell interaction was detected because nonrhodamine-tagged homologous virus or related HTLV-II interfered with tagged HTLV-I binding. In contrast, an unrelated, nonlabeled animal retrovirus was unable to block tagged HTLV binding. Of the cell lines tested, 2 nonlymphoid mammalian and 3 human lymphoid bound significantly high to moderate levels of HTLV-I-tagged virions. The other three human lymphocyte cell lines were insensitive to HTLV-I adsorption. A direct correlation was observed between HTLV-I binding sites and infectivity of human lymphoid cells alone and not other nonlymphoid animal cells. Fresh normal human mononuclear cells bound low levels of HTLV-I virions. As expected, T lymphocytes demonstrated more binding than did the non-T cell population. Enhancement of HTLV-I cell binding in a subpopulation of mononuclear target cells was achieved with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activation and interleukin 2 (IL2) stimulation, which correlates well with previously published infectivity studies. PMID- 3499187 TI - Shear stress activation of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa plus von Willebrand factor causes aggregation: filter blockage and the long bleeding time in von Willebrand's disease. AB - The article explores the finding that high shear alone applied to normal, native blood results in platelet aggregation. A filter with tortuous capillary-sized channels permits a study of the effect of shearing forces at different pressures. Native, heparinized, citrated and EDTA blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were forced through the filter. Normal and von Willebrand's blood were studied, as were the effects of antibodies to platelet glycoproteins (GPr) and to von Willebrand's factor (vWf) and of "membrane-active" drugs. Normally, the filter blocked at 40 mmHg but not at 5 mmHg. Transmission electronmicroscopy of the filter at 40 mmHg showed blockage by platelet aggregates. Initially, the mean transit time through the filter was 8 milliseconds. Platelet retention in the filter occurred in two phases. From 0 to 3 seconds, only high-shear, vWf, and GPrIIb/IIIa were required. From 10 to 20 seconds, retention presumably involved these three attributes, but divalent cations were also essential. Only this phase was inhibited by some membrane-active drugs. ADP- and thrombin-induced aggregation requires GPrIIb/IIIaand fibrinogen. Shear-induced blocking of the filter by blood with a normal concentration of fibrinogen requires GPrIIb/IIIa and vWf. This indicates a different type of exposure of GPrIIb/IIIa. The long bleeding time in vW disease highlights the absolute requirement for vWf and emphasizes the difference in exposure of GPrIIb/IIIa induced by shear stress. Evidently, a process similar to that occurring in the filter is required in normal capillary hemostasis. PMID- 3499188 TI - B lymphocyte precursors and myeloid progenitors survive in diffusion chamber cultures but B cell differentiation requires close association with stromal cells. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contribution of direct contact with stromal cells v stromal cell-derived soluble mediators to the differentiation of B lymphocytes and cells from other hematopoietic lineages. This was investigated by making a comparison between hemopoietic cells grown in direct contact with stroma to those in diffusion chambers (DCs) placed over purified populations of stroma. The source of stromal cells was adherent layers from myeloid or lymphoid long-term bone marrow cultures that had been treated with mycophenolic acid, an antibiotic that depletes hemopoietic cells from the cultures but retains a functional stroma. The cells seeded into the chambers were fresh marrow cells that had been passed through two consecutive nylon wool columns to deplete cell populations capable of forming an adherent cell layer in vitro. DCs were placed in wells in which the adherent stroma, growing under myeloid or lymphoid conditions, was present. The results indicate that progenitors of granulocytes and macrophages survived and differentiated in DCs under myeloid culture conditions, as the number of cells and absolute number of CFU-GM increased over that present in the reseed population. These levels, however, were markedly less than in parallel cultures in which the cells were seeded directly onto stroma. Hematopoiesis in DCs placed over hemopoietically active stroma was not optimal, suggesting that factors were used by those hemopoietic cells closest to the stroma. A B lymphocyte precursor survived in DCs under myeloid but not lymphoid conditions, and its differentiation into B lymphocytes was dependent on close association with stromal cells; B lymphopoiesis initiated when cells from DCs grown under myeloid conditions were harvested from the chambers and seeded directly onto stroma initiated and maintained under lymphoid bone marrow culture conditions. B lymphopoiesis did not initiate if the DC from the myeloid conditions was left intact and placed directly over a lymphoid stromal cell layer in lymphoid conditions. PMID- 3499190 TI - Fibrin monomer induces binding of endogenous platelet von Willebrand factor to the glycocalicin portion of platelet glycoprotein IB. AB - This study demonstrates that when platelets are stimulated by thrombin in the presence of low concentrations of purified human fibrinogen (10 to 20 micrograms/mL, final concentration) binding of released platelet von Willebrand factor (plt-vWF) to the platelet membrane is enhanced. This effect appears to be mediated by fibrin monomer produced by the action of thrombin on the fibrinogen in the incubation suspension. When fibrin polymerization is inhibited, the binding of released plt-vWF to the platelets is markedly increased. This enhanced binding is dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) as shown by a decreased response with Bernard-Soulier platelets and inhibition by both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against glycocalicin. The binding of fibrin to thrombin activated platelets preincubated with monoclonal antibody against GPIIb/IIIa is increased when the predominant form of fibrin is fibrin monomer. The fibrin binding is also decreased in the presence of antibody against glycocalicin. Our data demonstrate that fibrin monomer facilitates plt-vWF binding to the glycocalicin portion of platelet GPIb on thrombin-stimulated platelets and that binding of fibrin monomer to glycocalicin is necessary for this response to occur. PMID- 3499189 TI - c-fos oncogene expression in human hematopoietic malignancies is restricted to acute leukemias with monocytic phenotype and to subsets of B cell leukemias. AB - To evaluate relationships between c-fos proto-oncogene expression and specific lineages of hematopoietic differentiation we analyzed the constitutive and TPA induced expression of the c-fos gene in a wide variety of fresh human leukemic cells. High constitutive c-fos expression was detected in acute leukemias with monocytic phenotype (FAB M4/M5) and in subsets of B lymphoid leukemias, some of which coexpressed B lymphocytic and monocytic markers. Conversely, low basal levels of c-fos transcripts were found in pure acute granulocytic leukemias (FAB M1/M2/M3), in erythroleukemias (FAB M6), in the great majority of B, and in all T lymphoid leukemias. TPA-induced c-fos expression seems to correlate with monocytoid differentiation only when sustained levels of transcripts (ie, detectable for at least 24 hours) were detected. Sustained c-fos expression was in fact observed only in those myeloid or lymphoid cells that acquired a stable monocyte-like phenotype in response to the phorbol ester. These results indicate that high constitutive c-fos expression may identify myelomonocytic-oriented forms of leukemia, specific subsets of B lymphoid malignancies, and at least some cells terminally differentiated in vitro to a monocyte-like phenotype. c-fos oncogene expression can therefore be regarded as an additional marker for the subclassification of human leukemias. PMID- 3499191 TI - Limiting-dilution analysis of the effects of colony-stimulating factors, phytohemagglutinin, and hydrocortisone on hematopoietic progenitor cell growth. AB - The effects of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and hydrocortisone on the growth of human bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (granulocyte-macrophage; GM) were analyzed in a limiting-dilution assay (LDA). Both low-density bone marrow cells separated by discontinuous Percoll gradients and a T cell-depleted and progenitor-enriched cell fraction obtained by the combination of counterflow elutriation centrifugation and Percoll gradients were examined in LDA. GCT (monocytoid cell line-conditioned medium containing GM-CSF), human placenta-conditioned medium, bladder carcinoma cell line 5637-conditioned medium (containing GM- and G-CSF), and recombinant CSF (G-CSF) directly induced proliferation of progenitors with single-hit kinetics. In some instances, however, PHA-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned medium (containing G- and GM-CSF) showed deviation from single-hit kinetics, which demonstrated the presence of factor(s) suppressive to progenitor growth. In a T cell-depleted, progenitor enriched fraction, PHA alone was found to suppress progenitor growth at a level as low as 100 ng/mL. The addition of hydrocortisone (10(-6) mol/L) increased the progenitor frequency but suppressed progenitor growth at 10(-4) mol/L. LDA appears to be a valuable method for exploring mechanisms of factors regulating hematopoietic cell growth. PMID- 3499192 TI - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha but not TNF-beta induces secretion of colony stimulating factor for macrophages (CSF-1) by human monocytes. AB - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been identified as a major inducer of colony stimulating factor (CSF)-secretion by human vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In the present study we assessed the capacity of TNFs to induce release of CSF-1 from highly purified peripheral blood monocyte preparations. Whereas monocytes do not accumulate CSF-1 messenger (m)RNA constitutively and consequently do not produce CSF-1 protein, CSF-1 mRNA and protein secretion became detectable, when monocytes were cultured in the presence of TNF-alpha, that was synergistically enhanced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). However, under identical experimental conditions TNF-beta failed to induce monocyte CSF-1 synthesis. Cultures of monocytes in the presence of TNF-beta before addition of TNF-alpha abolished the CSF-1 inducing capacity of TNF-alpha, suggesting that TNF beta may act as antagonist to TNF-alpha for CSF-1 production. These data point out a previously unrecognized function of TNF-alpha to modulate CSF-1 release by monocytes and demonstrate disparate biological properties of different TNF species in hematopoiesis. PMID- 3499194 TI - The effect of colony stimulating factor-1 in vivo. AB - The present studies were undertaken to determine whether colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) stimulates hemopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo. Groups of mice were injected with 25,000 units of pure, endotoxin-free L cell CSF every 6 hours for intervals up to 8 days. Virtually no changes were detected in blood neutrophils or monocytes. No consistent increases in marrow granulopoiesis were noted. Variable but inconsistent changes in marrow and splenic progenitor cells were noted. Serum CSF was elevated 2 hours after injection but returned to baseline values within 4-6 hours. These studies indicate essentially no effect from exogenous administration of purified CSF; however, higher doses of this factor will be required in further studies. PMID- 3499193 TI - The opposing actions in vivo on murine myelopoiesis of purified preparations of lactoferrin and the colony stimulating factors. AB - The actions of purified iron-saturated human lactoferrin (LF), purified preparations of human MiaPaCa colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), and recombinant murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) were evaluated in vivo in mice. Studies in vitro were compared at lowered (5%), as well as at normal incubator (20%), oxygen (O2) tension because of the potentially greater physiologic relevance of in vitro studies performed at lowered O2 tension. The results demonstrate that 1) increased release of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro from pokeweed mitogen stimulated mouse spleen cells and from human mononuclear blood cells occurred at lowered O2 tension, and that human mononuclear blood leukocytes were more sensitive to the LF-induced suppression of GM-CSF release when cells were cultured at 5%, compared to 20%, O2 tension; 2) LF administered intravenously (IV) to mice pretreated with sublethal intraperitoneal dosages of Cytoxan decreased the cycling status of marrow and spleen granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E-2 and BFU-E-1) and multipotential (CFU GEMM) progenitor cells and the absolute numbers of these progenitors; these effects were most noticeable if care was taken to deplete endotoxin from the LF samples prior to testing LF in vivo and if the control medium was endotoxin free; 3) endotoxin-depleted LF decreased the cycling status of marrow and spleen CFU GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM and the numbers of these progenitors in the marrows of mice previously untreated with Cytoxan; these effects were most apparent when assessment of progenitor cells and their cycling rates were evaluated in vitro at lowered (5%) O2 tension; 4) purified natural human CSF-1 increased the absolute numbers of marrow CFU-GM and the cycling status of marrow CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM in mice pretreated with LF; and 5) purified recombinant murine IL-3 stimulated proliferation of day 8 and day 12 CFU-S (colony forming unit-spleen) in mice not previously treated with Cytoxan. These results substantiate the in vivo myelosuppressive effects of LF on CFU-GM and extend these effects to erythroid and multipotential progenitor cells, provide evidence that human CSF-1 has an in vivo action in mice, and confirm the studies of others showing that IL-3 stimulates the proliferation of CFU-S in vivo. PMID- 3499195 TI - The production of hematopoietic growth factors by endothelial accessory cells. AB - Monocytes are known to produce both hematopoietic growth factors and other factors, monokines, which do not directly stimulate hematopoiesis. Monokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may indirectly stimulate mesenchymal cells to produce hematopoietic growth factors. The identity of all the factors produced by monocytes or mesenchymal cells has not been established because of overlapping activities on biologic assay. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual growth factors produced by endothelial cells before and after stimulation with various monokines. We prepared conditioned media and extracted RNA from endothelial cells before and after stimulation with monokines. The results show that immortalized endothelial cells produce maximal detectable amounts of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) constitutively. In contrast, GM-CSF production by primary endothelial cells requires induction with either IL-1 or TNF. PMID- 3499196 TI - New insights into the regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis. AB - It is apparent that multiple cellular stages and biologic processes can be identified during megakaryocytopoiesis that are potentially subject to control by hematopoietic growth factors and marrow accessory cell populations. Two classes of megakaryocyte progenitor cells, the colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) and the burst forming unit-megakaryocyte (BFU-MK), have now been detected in normal human bone marrow cells. The BFU-MK by virtue of the greater cellular content of its resultant colonies and the delayed time of appearance of these colonies appears to be a more primitive progenitor cell with a greater proliferative potential than the CFU-MK. A number of hematopoietic growth factors including megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, (MK-CSF), recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM CSF) are each capable of increasing cloning efficiency of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells. It is presently unknown whether these factors act directly on the CFU-MK or whether they stimulate marrow accessory cells to elaborate growth factors that influence CFU-MK proliferation. In order to answer this question, the effect of these growth factors on the cloning efficiency of a human megakaryocytic cell line, EST-IU, was examined. Each of these factors was capable of increasing leukemia cell colony formation. One can conclude from these studies that MK-CSF, EPO, and GM-CSF act directly on cells of the megakaryocytic lineage. The physiologic significance of the lineage nonspecific effects of EPO and GM-CSF on megakaryocytopoiesis is yet to be determined. On the basis of these observations, a model of human megakaryocytopoiesis was suggested. Several factors appear able to influence multiple steps in megakaryocytic development, whereas others influence only specific stages or cellular events occurring during megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 3499197 TI - Immune studies in dioxin-exposed Missouri residents: Quail Run. PMID- 3499198 TI - Urban cutaneous leishmaniasis in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. PMID- 3499199 TI - AIDS in Mexico. PMID- 3499201 TI - An evaluation of radionuclide tomography in detecting renal space-occupying lesions. PMID- 3499200 TI - Systematic ileocolonoscopy and bowel biopsy study in spondylarthropathy. AB - In order to evaluate the frequency of ileitis in a population of patients with spondylarthropathy, an ileocolonoscopy with biopsies was performed in 88 consecutive patients with back pain and/or asymmetric oligoarthritis. Ileitis was more frequent in both the oligoarthritis group (7/36), especially in the non Reiter's subgroup without known distant infection (5/17), and in the spondylitis group (12/28), when compared to the control group (1/24). This was statistically significant only in the latter group (chi squared 10.317, df1, p less than 0.005). These results do not confirm the very high frequency of ileitis in oligoarthritis reported by others. The clinical significance of this ileitis needs further research. PMID- 3499202 TI - An unusual cause of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 3499203 TI - Late results of mesocaval interposition shunting for bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - Survival, encephalopathy and shunt patency were studied in 64 consecutive patients who underwent mesocaval shunting with a wide-calibre Dacron prosthesis. Half of the patients were operated as emergency cases. Operative blood loss in patients who had emergency procedures was significantly higher than during elective operations. Overall, 30-day mortality was 27 per cent. Survival was 61 per cent after 1 year and 39 per cent after 5 years. Serious encephalopathy requiring hospital admission occurred in 5 patients (11 per cent of patients surviving more than 1 month). Shunt patency was assessed by scintisplenoportography and ultrasonography. Cumulative shunt occlusion rate was 16 per cent after 1 year, 33 per cent after 5 years and 52 per cent after 8 years of follow-up. Out of 17 patients with an occluded shunt, 9 had persistent or recurrent bleeding, while 3 patients had recurrent bleeding despite a patent shunt. We conclude that the mesocaval Dacron interposition shunt should not be recommended as the procedure of first choice for portosystemic shunting. PMID- 3499204 TI - Lack of suppression of the short-latency vestibulocollic reflex during active head movements in cats. AB - It is a general belief that the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) is suppressed when subjects make voluntary head movements, although clear evidence is still lacking. Experiments were performed to examine whether the short-latency VCR evoked by electrical stimulation of the labyrinth is suppressed during active head turns in alert cats that were trained to make rapid horizontal head turns between the two milk feeders positioned 30 degrees left and right in front of the cats. They were also trained to hold the head near the midline to wait for milk, and the VCRs recorded from splenius muscles in these behavioral situations were compared. The short-latency VCR remained during active head turns, and its amplitude was not consistently modulated by the direction of head turns, indicating that it was not suppressed by active head turns. PMID- 3499205 TI - Dopaminergic neurons: simultaneous measurements of dopamine release and single unit activity during stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. AB - Simultaneous electrical and chemical recordings have been made of dopamine neuronal activity in the rat brain during electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. Tungsten recording electrodes were placed at the level of the substantia nigra and carbon-fiber, Nafion-coated, voltammetric electrodes were placed in the neostriatum. Dopamine units, verified by histology to be in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra, were identified by previously established electrophysiological criteria. Dopamine release was detected by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, a technique which allows dopamine to be determined in vivo on a sub second time scale. The majority of dopamine cells examined (7 out of 10) were antidromically activated by 60 Hz stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. The same stimulus also elicits dopamine overflow in the caudate nucleus. Following stimulation, dopamine concentrations in the extracellular fluid of the neostriatum rapidly declined to prestimulus levels. In addition, impulse flow in dopaminergic neurons was inhibited for 20 s following stimulation. These measurements represent the first direct observation from a neuronal tract of simultaneous unit activity and chemical release of a neurotransmitter in real time. PMID- 3499206 TI - Nodal and paranodal structure during Wallerian degeneration in frog spinal nerve. AB - The nodal and paranodal regions of myelinated peripheral nerve fibers in frogs were examined at sequential times (1-24 days) during Wallerian degeneration. In the region up to 3 mm distal to the transection, paranodal demyelination and axoplasmic degeneration became apparent on day 4 and progressed to involve most of the nodes by day 8. The E-fracture face of the axolemma showed a patchy distribution of nodal particles and some paranodal demyelination on days 4 and 6. On day 8, nodal particles were evenly distributed at low concentration and the adjacent demyelinated paranodal regions showed a corresponding increase in particle density, suggesting redistribution of the nodal particles. The sequence of changes seen in comparable to that in Wallerian degeneration of central nervous system (CNS) fibers but progressed more rapidly in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In addition a higher proportion of PNS fibers shows pathological changes at corresponding time periods. PMID- 3499207 TI - [Activation of contraction and changes in the optic properties of muscle cells]. PMID- 3499208 TI - [Monitoring Pneumocystis antibodies in animal husbandry workers]. PMID- 3499209 TI - Anaphylotoxin levels following thermal injury. AB - Following thermal injury, anaphylotoxins (C3a and C5a) are generated by complement activity. We measured C3a and C5a levels serially in 18 seriously burned patients (mean burn size = 37.9 per cent body surface area) over the initial 3 weeks following injury. Values for C3a were significantly increased when compared with normal controls, with maximum levels during the second week, while C5a levels were slightly elevated initially. These levels did not correlate with the extent of tissue injury, the development of septic complications or the clinical outcome. However, it appears likely that C3a and C5a may be responsible for some of the pathophysiological alterations observed following thermal injury. PMID- 3499210 TI - Heterogeneity in TPA-induced differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: development of hairy cell or plasmacytoid features are time and dose dependent. AB - Cells from 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) patients were induced to differentiate with various doses of tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the degree of induction was followed up to six days by measuring the expression of two surface membrane markers (SmIg and GP-70), Ig secretion, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and ultrastructural changes. The results indicate dose and time dependency of the TPA effect and a great heterogeneity in the response to TPA among cells from different CLL patients. Furthermore, the two main TPA-induced features, the "plasmacytoid" or "hairy cell" features depended on the dose and duration of treatment with the phorbolester. The plasmacytoid features were more frequently encountered at low doses (1 ng/ml) of TPA and were evident after short exposures to TPA (1-2 days). The hairy cell features were more obvious after incubation with higher doses of TPA (10-100 ng/ml) or at Day 6 with lower doses of TPA. The differentiation features measured, including cell morphology, surface membrane markers, Ig secretion, and TRAP staining, appeared to be independent of each other suggesting an autonomous pathway of differentiation for some of these features. PMID- 3499211 TI - Cytosine arabinoside/cyclophosphamide pulses during continuation therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Potential selective effect in T-cell leukemia. AB - One hundred seventy-seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were admitted to a study designed to determine whether pulses of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and cyclophosphamide (cyclo) would improve disease-free survival (DFS). All patients received vincristine, prednisone, and asparaginase for remission induction, CNS prophylaxis with cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate, and continuation therapy with 6-mercaptopurine plus methotrexate. Forty-seven of 101 patients with non-T ALL and 18 of 26 patients with T-cell ALL received ara C/cyclo pulses every eight weeks during continuation therapy. The age, sex, and initial white cell count distributions were similar in both treatment groups. Patients with non-T-cell ALL had similar DFS with or without ara-C/cyclo pulses (36% versus 48%; P = 0.32). Ara-C/cyclo pulses significantly improved DFS in children with T-cell ALL (36% versus 0%; P = 0.015). Toxicities of the ara C/cyclo pulses included reversible pancytopenia, drug induced fever, fever associated with neutropenia, and death in one patient from systemic candidiasis while neutropenic. This is the first clinical evidence to indicate that the combination of ara-C/cyclo used during continuation therapy is selectively beneficial in T-cell ALL. PMID- 3499213 TI - Educational needs of CABG patients. PMID- 3499212 TI - Correlation of monoclonal antibody phenotyping and cellular DNA content in non Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience. AB - Flow cytometric measurements of DNA ploidy and synthetic (S) fractions are quantitative parameters that can aid in the diagnosis and classification of non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Although the S-fraction correlates with histologic classification, the relationship between specific immunologic phenotypes and DNA ploidy is less well known. We investigated this relationship in 106 cases of NHL. Samples from 17 SEG institutions were sent for flow cytometry and for frozen section immunoperoxidase phenotyping. DNA histograms were analyzed for ploidy changes and cases classified by degree of abnormality. Ninety-eight cases were B cell and eight were T-cell. B-cell tumors were subdivided by expression of antigens CD24, CD10, CD5, HB31, CD22, CD20, and transferrin receptor. Among B cell tumors there was no correlation between degree of aneuploidy and phenotype, but B-cell tumors displayed a higher degree of aneuploidy than T-cell tumors (P less than 0.02). There was no difference between the S-fractions of B-cell and T cell lymphomas. However, the transferrin receptor was more often expressed when the S-fraction was higher than 5%. Cases with S-fractions higher than 5% were more likely to lack any of the Pan-B antigens CD19, CD22 or CD20, and also were more frequently CD24 negative. We conclude that T-cell and B-cell NHL differ in degree of aneuploidy, and that monoclonal antibody phenotyping and DNA ploidy analysis independently define subgroups of B-cell NHL. Within B-cell lymphomas phenotype also correlates with grade of NHL as defined by the S-fraction. PMID- 3499214 TI - Relative proportions of mitotic T and B cells in PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from six healthy adults were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and cultured for 3 days. The relative proportions of mitotic lymphocyte subsets were determined by a method that allows both cytogenetic and immunologic characterization of a mitotic cell. The results directly indicated that not only T cells but also B cells undergo mitosis in PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures. The frequency of the mitotic B cells varied between 6% and 20%. PMID- 3499215 TI - Stimulation of anchorage-independent growth of human tumor cells by interleukin 1. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages release a factor that enhances the clonal growth of a human epithelial tumor cell line (SW 13) in soft agar. We now demonstrate that purified interleukin 1 (IL-1) may account for part of this colony-stimulating activity. Purified IL-1 (0.5 to 8 units/ml) was added to SW-13 cells cultured in soft agar. IL-1 increased colony growth in a dose-dependent manner and did not inhibit colony formation at the highest doses tested. Other purified human monocyte products (alpha-interferon, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor beta, fibronectin) did not stimulate colony growth. Antibody to IL-1 only partially inhibited the ability of monocyte-conditioned medium to stimulate SW-13 colony growth. This antibody did, however, completely inhibit the ability of purified IL-1 to support the growth of SW-13 colonies in soft agar. IL-1 increased growth of quiescent SW-13 cells cultured in monolayers as assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation assays. The results of this study indicate that IL-1 can enhance clonogenic growth of an epithelial cell line in soft agar. However, other uncharacterized activities in monocyte conditioned medium also promote colony growth. These studies add to an increasing body of evidence indicating that inflammatory products play a role in maintaining the transformed phenotype. PMID- 3499216 TI - Effect of human recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and native granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on clonogenic leukemic blast cells. AB - The effects of human recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and human native purified granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the growth of clonogenic leukemic blast cells from eight Japanese patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia were studied, using an in vitro leukemic blast colony assay. The results showed that GM-CSF stimulated leukemic blast colony formation in all cases examined, whereas G-CSF stimulated colony formation in four of the eight cases. The maximum stimulating activity of GM-CSF on the growth of clonogenic leukemic blast cells was higher than that of G-CSF in the majority of cases, while sometimes GM-CSF and G-CSF worked synergistically. Thus, the clonogenic leukemic blast cell populations seemed to be heterogeneous with respect to their in vitro response to growth regulators. PMID- 3499217 TI - Effects of tumor-promoting agents 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and phenobarbital on DNA synthesis of rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phenobarbital (PB) enhanced hepatocyte DNA synthesis stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) by 60 to 80% in primary culture when measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. This apparent increase was not due to changes in the specific activity of the deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool. TPA enhanced DNA synthesis even at relatively high cell densities, but this was not found with the PB treatment. Although both TPA and PB enhanced DNA synthesis significantly, TPA was most effective when added during the late G1 and/or S phase of the hepatocyte cell cycle, whereas PB treatment was least effective in this period. The binding of EGF was transiently down-regulated by TPA, then restored to control values 6 h later, whereas the binding of this factor was significantly increased at both the 12th and 24th h after PB addition. These results suggest that EGF binding to hepatocytes is not correlated with the enhancement of DNA synthesis by TPA or PB and that the down-regulation of EGF binding is not causally related to the enhancement of DNA synthesis by TPA. PMID- 3499218 TI - Systematic preclinical study on the therapeutic properties of recombinant human interleukin 2 for the treatment of metastatic disease. AB - The availability of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rH IL 2) has resulted in its clinical utilization both as a single agent and in combination with lymphokine activated killer cells. In this report, we discuss the effects of rH IL 2, administered by various routes, on effector cell function, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, and therapeutic activity. Studies of the pharmacokinetics of in vitro natural killer (NK) cell augmentation by rH IL 2 revealed that a short exposure to high levels of rH IL 2 can augment NK cell activity; however, a prolonged exposure (greater than 12 h) was required to augment NK cell activity at lower doses of rH IL 2. These observations suggested that chronic administration of rH IL 2 might improve immunomodulatory and therapeutic activity. This hypothesis was supported by the results of studies in which we treated experimental and spontaneous metastasis, which revealed that the daily i.p. administration of rH IL 2 resulted in significantly greater therapeutic activity than administration three times/week. The therapeutic protocol for daily i.p. administration had a biphasic dosage optimum, such that low dose therapeutic activity was observed at approximately 100-1000 units/animal in the treatment of experimental metastases or 10 to 100 units/animal in the treatment of spontaneous metastases. There was a second dosage optimum at greater than or equal to 100,000 units/animal rH IL 2 delivered i.p. on a daily basis. Intermediate doses had no significant therapeutic activity. Additional studies revealed that low dose therapeutic activity was not observed in nude mice. In contrast, therapeutic activity was observed in nude mice at high doses of rH IL 2 suggesting that low dose activity was associated with a T-cell-mediated effect, whereas high dose activity may have been mediated by NK or lymphokine-activated killer-like cells. This observation was in agreement with the dose response for T-cell adjuvant activity supporting the hypothesis that low dose therapeutic activity was T-cell associated, because adjuvant activity was observed when rH IL 2 was given daily at approximately 100 units/animal for 3 days, and higher doses had no activity or had a suppressive effect. Because we were concerned about the pharmacological aspects of rH IL 2 treatment, we also examined its therapeutic properties after continuous administration i.p. by osmotic pumps. Under these conditions, therapeutic activity was observed after administration of 600 units/h, whereas lower or higher doses did not have significant therapeutic activity. PMID- 3499219 TI - Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cats following recombinant interleukin-2 infusion. AB - The effects of systemic human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) infusion upon blood-brain barrier status and cerebral vascular ultrastructure were examined in cats. Each of eight animals received a single bolus i.v. infusion of rIL-2 (100,000 units/kg). Six control animals were infused with rIL-2 excipient only. Following a 1-h postinfusion survival time, the brain tissue of five rIL-2 infused and three excipient infused animals was processed and examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy for evidence of altered cerebrovascular permeability to systemically circulating horseradish peroxidase. The brain tissue of three additional rIL-2 infused animals and three excipient infused animals, sacrificed 4 h postinfusion, was examined at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels for the presence of extravasated endogenous IgG. All animals infused with rIL-2 and four of six excipient infused animals showed increased cerebrovascular permeability to the probe used. Altered blood-brain barrier permeability, when present, was recognized in multiple loci throughout the brain, being most prominent within white matter regions. Horseradish peroxidase and IgG were observed within perivascular basal laminae and within the interstices of the brain parenchyma. Numerous endothelial lesions were observed as was flooding of endothelial cytoplasm by horseradish peroxidase or IgG. Every animal studied, regardless of permeability status, showed, within the perivascular brain parenchyma, numerous disrupted neuronal and glial processes as well as expanded intercellular spaces. This study suggests that a single systemic infusion of rIL 2 profoundly alters blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebrovascular morphological integrity. The data also suggest that some of the observed cerebrovascular effects of systemic rIL-2 infusion are due to components of the vehicle for rIL-2. PMID- 3499220 TI - Altered glucocorticoid binding and action in response to epidermal growth factor in HBL100 cells. AB - Incubation of adherent human breast epithelial HBL100 cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) decreased [3H]dexamethasone binding by 35% with no effect on affinity. Maximal inhibition was obtained at 3 nM EGF and the 50% effective dose was 0.2 nM EGF. Decreased dexamethasone binding induced by 3 nM EGF was maximal by 5 min of treatment and, in the continuous presence of EGF, persisted at a constant level over 4 days. The action of EGF was antagonized by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which did not inhibit dexamethasone binding significantly, and by concanavalin A. In homogenates of EGF-treated cells, decreased dexamethasone binding was observed only in the cytosolic fraction. Saturation dexamethasone binding inhibited the growth rate of HBL100 cells by approximately 50%, but concurrent treatment with EGF overcame this inhibition. The effect of EGF on dexamethasone-inhibited cell growth also was antagonized by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 3499221 TI - New coupling agents for the synthesis of immunotoxins containing a hindered disulfide bond with improved stability in vivo. AB - Two new coupling agents were synthesized for making immunotoxins containing disulfide bonds with improved stability in vivo: sodium S-4 succinimidyloxycarbonyl-alpha-methyl benzyl thiosulfate (SMBT) and 4 succinimidyloxycarbonyl-alpha-methyl-alpha(2-pyridyldithio)tolue ne (SMPT). Both reagents generate the same hindered disulfide linkage in which a methyl group and a benzene ring are attached to the carbon atom adjacent to the disulfide bond and protect it from attack by thiolate anions. An immunotoxin consisting of monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 antibody (OX7) linked by means of the SMPT reagent to chemically deglycosylated ricin A-chain had better stability in vivo than an immunotoxin prepared with 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (2IT) which generates an unhindered disulfide linkage. About 48 h after i.v. injection into mice, one-half of the SMPT-linked immunotoxin present in the blood was in intact form and one half as released free antibody, whereas equivalent breakdown of the 2IT-linked immunotoxin was seen at about 8 h after injection. Consequently, the blood levels of the SMPT-linked immunotoxin remained higher than those of the 2IT-linked immunotoxin despite loss of immunotoxin from the blood by other mechanisms. Forty eight h after injection, 10% of the injected dose of the SMPT-linked immunotoxin remained in the bloodstream as compared with only 1.5% of the 2IT-linked immunotoxin. The ability of immunotoxins prepared with the new reagents to inhibit protein synthesis by Thy-1.1-expressing AKR-A/2 lymphoma cells in vitro was identical to that of immunotoxins prepared with 2IT or N-succinimidyl-3-(2 pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). Clonogenic assays showed that fewer than 0.01% of AKR-A/2 cells survived exposure to high concentrations of OX7-abrin A-chain immunotoxins prepared with SMBT, 2IT, or SPDP. Twelve clones of cells which had survived treatment with the SMBT-linked immunotoxin were isolated. None of the clones was selectively resistant to the SMBT-linked immunotoxin when retested in cytotoxicity assays. In conclusion, immunotoxins prepared with the new coupling agents should have improved antitumor activity in vivo because they are longer lived and do not break down so readily to release free antibody which could compete for the target antigens. PMID- 3499222 TI - Immunolymphoscintigraphy and the dose dependence of 111In-labeled T101 monoclonal antibody in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - Serial gamma camera imaging was performed in 11 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after s.c. injection between the toes of 111In-labeled T101, a pan T cell monoclonal antibody. Two of the patients also received 111In-labeled 9.2.27, an isotype-matched control monoclonal antibody. Three doses of T101 (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg), coupled with 0.5 mCi 111In, were used to measure lymph node uptake and dose response. A single 0.5-mg (0.5 mCi) dose of 111In-9.2.27 was used as control antibody to assess nonspecific uptake. Low-dose (0.1 mg) T101 administration produced rapid, intense uptake in inguinal-femoral and iliac nodes with minimal uptake in the paraaortic nodes and liver. The 0.5-mg dose and higher produced consistent uptake in all subdiaphragmatic nodes with greatest accumulation of liver activity at the 1.0-mg dose. In the two control studies, the ratio of specific:nonspecific antibody uptake in the inguinal-femoral, iliac, and paraaortic nodes averaged 7.7,5.9, and 1.9 at 48 h, respectively. In another patient, inguinal-femoral node biopsy contained over 2% of the injected dose of 111In-T101 per gram at 7 days. These findings suggest efficient and specific antibody binding in nodes nearest to the injection site, with progressive uptake of remaining antibody in more distant nodes as proximal sites approach saturation. Higher doses increase overflow of unbound antibody into the systemic circulation. There appears to be an optimal s.c. dose of approximately 0.5 mg (0.25 mg/foot) for T101 immunolymphoscintigraphy of subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 3499223 TI - The generation of tumor-specific in vivo protective immunity in the tumor mass from mice rendered tolerant to tumor antigens. AB - C3H/He mice were inoculated i.v. with 10(6) heavily X-irradiated syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma cells 3 times at 4 day intervals. When these mice received an appropriate immunization procedure consisting of i.d. inoculation of viable tumor cells plus the surgical resection of the tumor which enables i.v. nonpresensitized mice to produce anti-X5563 immunity, they failed to develop tumor-specific immunity. This was demonstrated by the abrogation in potential of spleen and lymph node cells to generate in vivo protective immunity. In contrast, the tumor mass from X5563 tumor-bearing mice which had received the i.v. presensitization contained comparable anti-X5563 tumor neutralizing activity to that obtained from the tumor mass from nonpresensitized, X5563 tumor-bearing mice. Such an in vivo protective immunity was revealed to be mediated by tumor specific T cells. These results demonstrate the differential generation and antitumor capability of tumor infiltrating T cells and T cells in lymphoid organs from mice which are in the tumor-specific tolerant state. The results are discussed in the context of potential utilization of tumor infiltrating in vivo protective T cells to enhance the local tumor-specific immunity in tumor-specific tolerant mice. PMID- 3499225 TI - Production of a factor by cultured human heart valves that is immunologically related to interleukin 1. AB - Analysis of the conditioned medium from cultured human heart valves showed that these tissues secrete a biologically active factor that induces chondrocytes in cultured cartilage to degrade extracellular matrix proteoglycan. This activity was similar to that described for porcine interleukin-1 (catabolin) and a cytokine secreted by cultured porcine heart valves (cardiac catabolic factor). The biological activity of the material in human valve conditioned medium was unaffected by the presence of low doses of cortisol, but its production by cultured valves was impaired by this steroid or benoxaprofen and abolished by cycloheximide. Addition of the conditioned medium to fibroblast monolayers stimulated the secretion of prostaglandin E and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) but not collagenase. Preincubation of the conditioned medium with antiserum raised to the acidic form of porcine interleukin-1 neutralised the proteoglycan degrading stimulus. The material is biologically similar to other cytokines and antigenically related to porcine interleukin-1. PMID- 3499224 TI - Evidence for the role of natural immunity in the control of metastatic spread of head and neck cancer. AB - Deficient natural killer (NK) cell activity may contribute to the development of distant metastases in the head and neck cancer patient. A total of 246 previously untreated patients expressed deficient NK activity against K562 target cells when compared to 110 age-matched healthy controls (70 +/- 48 lytic units (LU) versus 95 +/- 52 LU) (P less than 0.001). Some 164 consecutive patients have undergone definitive therapy subsequent to NK cell assessment and have been followed for a minimum of 12 months (median = 16 months), and 23 have developed recurrent disease in distant sites. The risk of subsequently (1) developing distant metastases, (2) developing regional metastases, and (3) dying of progressive cancer was inversely related to pretreatment NK LU values (P less than 0.02, less than 0.02, less than 0.005, respectively, by the Cox proportional hazards model). NK cell function within the peripheral blood of the patient with head and neck cancer could be related to the percentage of Leu 11+ NK cell subsets (P less than 0.01 by linear regression analysis) as determined by both single-parameter and multiparameter flow cytometric assessment. Contrastingly, no relationship could be identified between NK function with the percentage of circulating Leu 7+ cell subsets. In vitro measured NK cell function identifies a population at increased risk for developing distant metastases, thus supporting the role of natural immunity as defense mechanism against blood-borne disease. PMID- 3499226 TI - Effect of lipid feeding on endothelium dependent relaxation in rabbit aortic preparations. AB - The effect of a cholesterol enriched diet on concentration responses to 5 hydroxytryptamine, ergometrine, and acetylcholine and on endothelium dependent relaxation was investigated in rabbit aortic strip preparations. Sensitivity to ergometrine was slightly reduced after both two and 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Sensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine was slightly reduced after two but not after 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Sensitivity to acetylcholine was not altered at two or 10 weeks in the absence of endothelium, but the endothelium dependent lowering of the constrictor concentration-response was almost abolished after 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Likewise the endothelium dependent relaxant response of preconstricted preparations to acetylcholine was almost abolished after 10 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Thus this model of hyperlipidaemia leads after 10 weeks to loss of endothelium dependent relaxation. PMID- 3499227 TI - Intragranular colocalization of arginine vasopressin and methionine-enkephalin octapeptide in CRF-axons in the rat median eminence. AB - Ultrastructural appearances of axonal terminals containing corticoliberin (CRF) were examined in the rat median eminence prepared by a freeze-drying procedure. Immunolabeling was performed by using 5-, 8-, or 15-nm gold-antibody complexes for CRF, arginine vasopressin (VP) and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide (Enk-8), singly or in combination. In intact animals, the CRF-containing secretory granules were only slightly labeled with gold-anti-VP or -Enk-8. In adrenalectomized rats, granules within single axons appeared to be labeled with all the immunogold complexes. This intragranular colocalization of the three antigens was confirmed by using three neighboring sections of the same axon terminals which were stained separately with each one of the antibodies and visualized with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The granules labeled for CRF had decreased 9 days after adrenalectomy but had increased again by day 21, while those labeled for VP steadily increased after adrenalectomy. However, this did not correspond with the appearances of cell bodies in the paraventricular nucleus; the cell bodies labeled for both CRF and VP steadily increased in number and in stainability. By contrast, Enk-8 immunoreactivity in the axonal terminals and cell bodies was not affected by adrenalectomy. These findings suggest that although the three peptides could be released simultaneously from the axonal terminals, VP may play some special role in the expression of CRF activity. PMID- 3499228 TI - Transgenic mice selectively lacking MHC class II (I-E) antigen expression on B cells: an in vivo approach to investigate Ia gene function. AB - The E alpha MHC class II gene with 1.4 kb of 5'-flanking and 0.5 kb of 3' flanking sequences was introduced into (H-2b X s)F2 mice, which do not express their endogenous E alpha gene. The transgene was expressed in thymic tissue and in adherent spleen cells and was induced in peritoneal exudate cells by gamma interferon. In contrast to the normal E alpha gene, there was no expression in B lymphocytes. Since transgenic animals made with constructs containing 3.2 kb and 2 kb of 5'-flanking sequences show normal expression pattern of the E alpha gene, it appears that deletion of 5'-flanking sequences between -1.4 kb and -2 kb inactivated or eliminated regulatory sequences required for expression of E alpha specifically in B cells. The presence of pBR327 DNA linked to the -1.4 kb E alpha transgene suppresses expression in peripheral adherent cells, yielding mice expressing E alpha only in the thymus. These mice appear to be tolerant to I-E, as measured in mixed leukocyte response experiments. PMID- 3499229 TI - Cell adhesion protein receptors as targets for transforming growth factor-beta action. AB - Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increases the incorporation of fibronectin and type I collagen into the extracellular matrix of fibroblasts and epithelial cells and enhances the attachment of thymocytes onto a fibronectin substratum. Investigation of the molecular basis for these effects showed that TGF-beta elevates specifically the expression of cell adhesion protein receptors. Treatment of cells with either form of TGF-beta, TGF-beta 1, or TGF-beta 2, increases the rate of receptor synthesis and the level of receptors on the cell surface. TGF-beta acts via two complementary mechanisms, elevation of receptor mRNA and faster kinetics of receptor beta subunit precursor to product conversion. The results show that the expression of cell adhesion receptors is susceptible to pretranslational and posttranslational regulation by factors that control cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation such as TGF-beta. PMID- 3499231 TI - The effect of alterations in myc gene expression on B cell development in the bursa of Fabricius. AB - Infection of 18-day embryonic bursal lymphocytes with a v-myc-containing retrovirus leads directly to a polyclonal proliferation of surface immunoglobulin positive (slg+) cells in the bursa of Fabricius detected four weeks after hatching. These v-myc-expressing bursal cells repopulate the follicles of chemically ablated bursae more efficiently than total normal 18-day embryonic bursal cells. In contrast, comparable normal bursal cells lose the ability to repopulate follicles by four weeks. Bursal lymphocytes expressing either a retroviral v-myc or a c-myc gene deregulated by adjacent retroviral integration retain the ability of embryonic bursal lymphocytes to diversify their immunoglobulin light chain genes. These results suggest that retroviral deregulation of myc expression during avian B cell development induces outgrowth of a population of cells with the cardinal phenotypic characteristics of bursal stem cells. PMID- 3499230 TI - Point mutation at the ATP binding site of EGF receptor abolishes protein-tyrosine kinase activity and alters cellular routing. AB - Cultured NIH 3T3 cells devoid of endogenous EGF receptors were transfected with cDNA constructs encoding either the human EGF receptor or an EGF receptor mutant in which Lys721, a key residue in the ATP binding site, was replaced with an alanine residue. The mutant receptor was properly processed, and it displayed both high- and low-affinity surface binding sites. Unlike the wild-type receptor, the mutant receptor did not possess intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity. The initial rate of EGF internalization was similar for wild-type and mutant EGF receptors. Surprisingly, the mutant receptors were not down regulated, but appeared to recycle in transfected cells. These data suggest that degradation of normal EGF receptors after endocytosis is due to the kinase activity endogenous to this receptor. A single amino acid substitution rendered a "down-regulated" receptor into a receptor that can recycle from cytoplasmic compartment back to the cell surface. PMID- 3499233 TI - Thymic epithelium in vitro. V. Binding of thymocytes to cultured thymic epithelial cells. AB - Direct contact between thymocytes and thymic stromal elements may be one of the mechanisms involved in thymocyte differentiation. Thymic lymphoepithelial complexes have been isolated in which thymocytes appear to be in direct association with cortical epithelial cells. We have previously reported the isolation and successful culture of two morphologically distinct types of murine thymic epithelial cells. We have utilized these to study the interactions of lymphoid and epithelial cells by means of an in vitro assay of the binding of radiolabeled thymocytes to monolayers of these cultured thymic epithelial cells. The percentage of bound cells increased rapidly during the first hour of incubation, reaching approximately 40% binding. Binding continued to increase slowly until plateau levels were reached at approximately 5 hr. Thymocyte binding to thymic epithelium, but not fibroblast monolayers, was trypsin-sensitive, suggesting that specific protein interactions may be involved. Binding of thymocytes to epithelium was temperature-dependent, involved formation of cytoplasmic projections, and was inhibited by cytochalasin B. We also found that cortical thymocytes (peanut agglutinin-positive (PNA+)cells) bound to cultured epithelium to a greater degree than medullary thymocytes (PNA- cells). This correlates with in vivo studies by others in which thymocytes associated with lymphoepithelial complexes have been found to have immature phenotypes. This system provides a means for a quantitative study of the role of cell to cell contact in the process of thymocyte selection and differentiation. PMID- 3499234 TI - Colony formation by subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. VI. Further studies on colony phenotype, function, and cloning efficiency. AB - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced colony formation in semisolid agar medium by human peripheral blood T lymphocytes showed an increasing cloning efficiency with decreasing numbers of cultured cells. Ninety percent of CD4+ cells (inducer/helper phenotype) and 20% of CD8+ cells (cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype) formed colonies when cultured at 10-200 cells/ml culture in the presence of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and a source of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Probably all T colony-forming cells, but none of the subsequent colony cells, expressed the Leu 8 antigen. The cloning efficiencies of FACS-sorted cells expressing the natural killer antigenic phenotypes Leu-7+ and CD16+ were found to be less than 1%. The costimulatory effect of red blood cells for colony formation was specific for SRBC and not observed in the presence of red cells obtained from seven other species including man. All T-lymphocyte colonies obtained from unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressed the CD25 antigen (IL-2 receptor) and colonies were always composed of either CD4+ or CD8+ cells. None of the colony cells expressed the Leu-8 or the CD16 antigens. By their specific morphology in agar culture the majority of colonies composed of CD4+ cells were easily recognized, but but approximately one-third of the CD4+ colonies could not be distinguished from colonies composed of CD8+ cells. On expansion of individual colonies in liquid subculture in the presence of interleukin-2, approximately 15% of the colonies developed natural killer (NK)-like cytotoxic activity, being capable of direct killing of K562 tumor cells. It is concluded that the present method for growing human T colonies exhibits the same cloning efficiency as the most efficient liquid culture systems. Individual T colonies are composed exclusively of T inducer/helper or T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, they are never of mixed phenotype, and they do not contain cells of natural killer phenotype. Regulatory mechanisms influencing colony formation are operating between and within the various subsets of T lymphocytes. PMID- 3499235 TI - [Levels of SP1 in the blood in pregnancies with manifestations of intrauterine fetal stress]. PMID- 3499232 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte motility by macrophages. AB - Motility of lymphocytes plays a significant role in their functions. Because macrophages frequently associate with lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and inflammatory sites, they are likely to be important in regulating lymphocyte motility. In this study, we identified a chemokinetic activity in macrophage culture supernatants. Interestingly, this activity could be detected by the capillary migration assay but not by the more commonly used Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay. Colchicine, on the other hand, was chemokinetic for lymphocytes in the Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay but not in the capillary migration assay. Both these observations and previous studies on the morphology of motile lymphocytes on two-dimensional (2-D) surfaces (capillary migration assay) and in 3-D matrices (Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay) suggest that lymphocytes possess more than one motility mechanism--one for 2-D surfaces and one for 3-D matrices. We propose that the macrophage-derived chemokinetic activity described herein only affected the motility mechanism on 2-D surfaces. In addition, we also observed that the chemokinetic activity was produced by "resting" macrophages and could not be augmented by further activation. Finally, the effect was greatest on mature T cells. We propose that this factor plays an important role in facilitating cell interactions within lymphoid tissues and inflammatory sites. PMID- 3499236 TI - [Eye manifestations in homocystinuria]. PMID- 3499237 TI - [Closer cooperation between primary care physicians and rheumatologists increases the effectiveness of therapeutic care]. PMID- 3499238 TI - Synthesis of the revised amino acid sequence of thymopoietin II and examination of its immunological effect on the impaired T-lymphocyte transformation of a uremic patient with pneumonia. PMID- 3499239 TI - [Hemorrhaging esophageal varices treated by Mansel solution instead of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube]. PMID- 3499240 TI - [Nursing of hepatic encephalopathy patients]. PMID- 3499241 TI - [Nursing care of patients of traumatic urethral stricture with hydroelectric therapy]. PMID- 3499242 TI - [Relation between hemorrhage and the waxing or waning of the moon]. PMID- 3499243 TI - [Pefloxacine and severe eye infections]. PMID- 3499245 TI - Progress in the development of influenza vaccines: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - Although influenza remains an important disease causing high levels of morbidity in many countries, the impact of epidemics can be reduced by immunoprophylaxis with available inactivated or cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines. In closed or semi-closed communities, maximum benefit from immunization is likely to be achieved when more than 75% of the population are immunized. Other strategies to reduce the impact of influenza include mass immunization of certain populations to protect them as well as to reduce illness in the overall community. Adequate studies have not yet been undertaken to confirm whether the desired reduction in community-wide illnesses results from such target mass immunization programmes. Well-controlled studies to assess further the efficacy of influenza vaccines in not only protecting the vaccinee but also reducing the impact of influenza epidemics in the community should be encouraged. PMID- 3499244 TI - A controlled investigation of propofol, thiopentone and methohexitone. AB - This was a randomized study of 180 ASA physical status I and II patients, 60 in each group who received propofol (PROP), 2.5 mg . kg-1, thiopentone (THIO), 4 mg . kg-1, or methohexitone (METH), 1.5 mg . kg-1. Control values, followed by changes after induction and during a 3-min delay before intubation were recorded for the following parameters: heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), and induction time (IT). In addition, the incidence of adverse reactions and time for recovery from anaesthesia were noted. The IT (mean +/- SE) was 35 +/- 1 sec for propofol, 35 +/- 1.2 sec for thiopentone and 34 +/- 1.4 sec for methohexitone. Ninety-three per cent of the PROP group fell asleep with one dose and required no additional doses. Fifty per cent of each of the THIO and METH groups required additional agents (p less than 0.05). METH was associated with the highest elevation in HR, PROP the least (p less than 0.05). PROP was associated with the most decrease in SBP and DBP and in addition respiratory depression (p less than 0.05). The incidence of injection pain or excitatory activity was equal in the three groups with the exception that 14 patients who received METH developed hiccoughs while none did in the other groups. PROP was associated with the most rapid recovery, particularly with respect to the orientation time. We conclude that PROP is an effective alternative to barbiturate induction and that the published recommended doses of THIO and METH are often ineffective. PMID- 3499246 TI - Infectivity and reactogenicity of reassortant cold-adapted influenza A/Korea/1/82 vaccines obtained from the USA and USSR. AB - The safety and immunogenicity of two live influenza A virus vaccine strains, the CR 59 and 17/25/1 cold-adapted (ca) reassortants, were evaluated in 170 healthy young adult volunteers. The vaccines were produced by recombining A/Korea/1/82 (H3N2) wild-type virus with either A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) or A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) ca donors of attenuation. Both vaccines were well tolerated in volunteers. The 17/25/1 strain, prepared from A/Leningrad, infected at least 70% of seronegative volunteers after the first dose and 84% after the second; the CR 59 strain infected 62% and 72% of volunteers after first and second doses, respectively. Among the vaccinees who were initially seropositive, 17/25/1 infected 66% after one dose and 85% after two, while CR 59 infected 62% and 71%, respectively. Despite differences in temperature sensitivity, genetic composition, and serological reactivity to monoclonal antibodies, both vaccines behaved almost identically in animal models and man. We conclude that both donors of attenuation may be of great potential value. PMID- 3499247 TI - Causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy: an autopsy study of 140 patients in Bangladesh. AB - The cause of death (besides dehydration) for 140 diarrhoeal patients who died in hospital following rehydration was determined by autopsy examination. Children under 5 years comprised 74% of the patients. Diarrhoeal pathogens were identified as Shigella spp. in 27%, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 17%, Entamoeba histolytica in 16%, Campylobacter jejuni in 12%, Salmonella spp. in 4%, Vibrio cholerae in 4%, and Giardia lambliain 4% of cases. The most frequent underlying causes of death were colitis in 44% and pneumonia in 38%. The most frequent immediate causes of death were septicaemia in 27%, hypoglycaemia in 9%, and hypokalaemia in 9%; multiple causes of death were present in 89% of cases. Kwashiorkor or marasmus was present in 59% and fatty degeneration of the liver was detected in 61% of cases. It is concluded that, in susceptible children, diarrhoeal pathogens produce destructive inflammation in the intestine and cause death or contribute to it by provoking disease in other tissues, especially septicaemia and fatty liver, or by combining these effects with antecedent or concomitant conditions, especially pneumonia and malnutrition. PMID- 3499249 TI - Reduction of malaria prevalence after introduction of Romanomermis culicivorax (Mermithidae: Nematoda) in larval Anopheles habitats in Colombia. AB - The worldwide resurgence of malaria has become a major public health problem. New methods of controlling the vectors of the disease are required, and we therefore studied the biological control of Anopheles albimanus by Romanomermis culicivorax in Colombia. The investigation was carried out in El Valle and Nuqui, two towns on the northern Pacific coast of the country. All of the mosquito larval habitats surrounding El Valle were seeded with the eggs and adults of R. culicivorax. The nematode established itself in the new habitat and recycled over 27 months. The larval population of A. albimanus, the only malarial vector detected in the two towns, decreased in El Valle. In contrast, no change in the larval populations of the vector was detected in ponds located near Nuqui, the untreated control town. A rapid and progressive decrease of the prevalence of malaria among schoolchildren in El Valle was observed during the 2-year evaluation period. PMID- 3499250 TI - Single-dose kinetics of mefloquine in Brazilian male subjects. AB - Ten male subjects from a region of the state of Para, Brazil, where malaria is endemic received a single oral dose of 1000 mg mefloquine. The plasma levels of the drug and of its metabolite, 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid, were determined densitometrically on thin-layer chromatography plates. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained fell well within the range of values reported previously for Africans and Caucasians. PMID- 3499248 TI - Estimating health service utilization, immunization coverage, and childhood mortality: a new approach in Uganda. PMID- 3499251 TI - High-dose methotrexate therapy with leucovorin rescue: in vitro investigations on human osteosarcoma cell lines. AB - High-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy with subsequent leucovorin (LV) rescue (HDMTX-LV) in the treatment of osteosarcoma is based on the assumption that this tumor has a deficient uptake system for MTX and reduced folates. To simulate features of HDMTX-LV therapy protocols in vitro, sensitive and MTX-resistant human osteosarcoma cell lines and a lymphoblastoid cell line were exposed to MTX and/or LV at various dosages and time schedules and the effects on DNA metabolism and on cell growth were evaluated. The data show that in osteosarcoma cells and in lymphoblasts the cytotoxic effects of 10(-6) M to 10(-7) M MTX can be substantially reversed by LV if the antidote is applied within the first 12 h of MTX exposure. The results are not consistent with the assumption mentioned above and should be taken into consideration when designing new therapeutic regimens. An alternative hypothesis for the efficacy of HDMTX-LV is discussed. It is concluded that HDMTX-LV therapy may be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma, even when subpopulations of the tumor cells exhibit different mechanisms of resistance to MTX, such as elevated levels of dihydrofolate reductase or a deficient transport system for MTX, if high doses of MTX are applied long enough to ensure lethal intracellular MTX levels and low-dose LV schedules instituted after a long delay are used. PMID- 3499253 TI - The tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate elicits the redistribution of heavy metals in subcellular fractions of rabbit thymocytes as measured by plasma emission spectroscopy. AB - Prolonged (90 min) incubation with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) causes no significant changes in the elemental composition of whole rabbit thymocytes (25 elements included). The only exception is the amount of magnesium, where a significant increase can be detected. However TPA preincubation elicits the redistribution of heavy metals (mainly Zn and to a much lesser extent Fe and Cu) from the nuclear and large granular (mitochondrial lysosomal) fraction to the cytosol and microsomes. A significant translocation of calcium and phosphorus from the large granular fraction mainly to the nucleus can also be observed. The TPA-induced heavy metal depletion of the nucleus might play a role in the antiproliferative activity of TPA, the arrest of G1----S phase transition. On the other hand the increased amount of heavy metals in the cytosol might be linked to the TPA-induced block of intercellular communication and the desensitization of TPA-treated cells towards extracellular calcium which are well known properties of neoplastic cells. PMID- 3499252 TI - Lack of cross-resistance between cytosine arabinoside and a new halogenated nucleoside analogue, 2-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine in human acute myeloid leukaemia cells. AB - 2-Bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine (BdA) is one of a group of recently synthesised halogenated deoxyadenosine analogues that are relatively resistant to inactivation by adenosine deaminase (ADA). Its activity has been studied in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in vitro. In these studies BdA behaved as a cycle active, phase-active agent that blocked cells at the G1-S transition. It did not exhibit significant cross-resistance with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in either clinical AML samples (from patients who exhibited Ara-C resistance in vivo) or in HL60 in which Ara-C resistance had been induced in vitro. Deoxycytidine kinase levels were not reduced in resistant lines. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA), an adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, with BdA produced a simple additive response without the dramatic synergism reported when it is used with deoxyadenosine. This is consistent with the idea that BdA is a poor substrate for ADA. This group of compounds warrants further investigation to determine their suitability for clinical use, especially in situations where Ara-C resistance is likely to be a problem. PMID- 3499254 TI - Quantification of coronary artery bypass flow reserve in dogs using cine-computed tomography. AB - Routine coronary angiographic assessment of bypass graft patency does not allow quantification of bypass graft flow reserve. This study was designed to evaluate the use of cine-computed tomography (cine-CT) to determine relative bypass graft flow velocities and flow reserve. Saphenous vein grafts from the left innominate to the midleft circumflex coronary artery were placed in 5 dogs. The proximal portion of the left circumflex was then ligated. A 20-mHz Doppler probe to assess graft flow velocity, a cuff-type vascular occluder to provide variable graft occlusion, and an infusion line for selective drug administration were placed at the midgraft position. Electrocardiographically triggered scans were performed at levels of the aortic root and cardiac base following bolus inferior vena cava contrast administration. Continuous recordings of Doppler velocity and aortic pressure and intermittent measurements of cardiac output were obtained throughout the studies. Selective increases and decreases in coronary artery bypass graft flow velocity from control were performed using combinations of intragraft adenosine and/or variable graft occlusion. Simultaneous contrast clearance curves were generated from a region of interest in the ascending aorta and in the coronary artery bypass graft. Subsequent determinations of a parameter, delta PT (the time difference between peak opacification in the aorta and the bypass graft), were found to highly correlate with individual values of relative coronary bypass graft flow velocity (r = 0.74-0.97, n = 54). This study suggests that cine-computed tomography can be used to noninvasively quantify relative bypass graft flow velocities in individual dogs and eventually in patients. PMID- 3499255 TI - Intermittent claudication, exercise, and blood rheology. AB - Forty-two stable patients with claudication were assigned to two groups. Group I (n = 22) was submitted to regular, standardized treadmill exercise for 2 months. During this time the maximal and pain-free walking distances increased significantly (more than 100%). Group II (n = 20) patients did not exercise over the same period of time, and their walking distances remained essentially unchanged. No drugs or other forms of treatment were given in either group. The rheology of blood, as quantified by blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, blood filterability, and red cell aggregation, was initially abnormal in patients as compared with matched controls. Blood and plasma viscosity, blood cell filterability, and red cell aggregation normalized significantly in group I, but remained pathologic in group II. The hemorrheologic values of patients after 2 months of exercise did no longer differ significantly from those of healthy controls. The "fluidification" of blood induced by regular exercise was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that obtainable by hemorrheologically active medications. The results confirm that physical training is clinically effective in patients suffering from claudication. They furthermore suggest that training may be looked on as a form of "hemorrheologic therapy" suitable for increasing the fluidity of blood in patients with ischemic diseases. Part of the benefits of regular exercise in stage II occlusive peripheral arterial disease may result from changes in hemorrheology; further studies are needed to define the mechanism. PMID- 3499256 TI - The changing survival benefits of coronary revascularization over time. AB - Previous comparisons of medical and surgical therapy for coronary artery disease were performed in the 1970s and may need to be updated to reflect current treatment efficacy. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact on long-term patient survival of changes over time in medical and surgical therapy. Among 5125 patients referred for catheterization between 1969 and 1984, 2261 underwent surgery, and 2864 received medical therapy. Survival in both medically and surgically treated patients improved over time. The improvement in medical patients was due to less sick patients being treated (a decreasing baseline risk), while that observed in surgical patients was due to refinements in care. The rate of improvement in survival over time was much greater in surgical patients, and the difference as compared with medical therapy was highly significant (treatment interaction with time p less than .0001). Estimates of 5 year survival adjusted for baseline risk factors for a patient in 1977 with one-, two-, or three-vessel disease and an ejection fraction of 0.40 were 0.88, 0.80, and 0.64 in medically treated, and 0.88, 0.87, and 0.80 in surgically treated patients. Corresponding projected estimates for 1984 were unchanged for medical patients but improved for surgical patients (0.93, 0.92, and 0.90). Thus, the projected survival benefits of surgery in 1984 appear more significant for all categories of coronary artery disease because of a differential improvement in surgical therapy. These data are relevant to therapeutic decision making for current patients and emphasize the importance of continued analysis of this topic as treatment efficacies change over time. PMID- 3499257 TI - Emergency coronary bypass for cardiogenic shock. AB - Emergency coronary bypass for cardiogenic shock has been associated with a high operative mortality. From January 1983 through March 1986, 69 patients at Crawford W. Long Hospital underwent emergency coronary artery bypass. Seventeen of 69 were in shock, 15 with hypotension requiring treatment (intra-aortic balloon pump in 10; catecholamines in six). The other two patients had a low cardiac index and a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure greater than 25 mm Hg. Of these patients, nine presented with acute infarction, four with failed angioplasty, and four with uncontrollable angina. Four patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After operation, 94% of the patients required catecholamine support and 71% were treated with an intra-aortic balloon pump. There were two hospital deaths (12%). The median postoperative stay for survivors was 9 days. Major complications occurred in 47%. Follow-up (100%, mean 20.5 months) revealed no late deaths, a 3 year survival of 88 +/- 8%, and a functional class of I in six patients, II in seven patients, and III in two patients. The nine patients who were working before operation all returned to work. Of the 52 emergency coronary bypass patients without shock, one patient died in the hospital (2%), 52% required catecholamines (p less than .05 vs shock group by chi square analysis), and 12% required an intra-aortic balloon pump after operation (p less than .05 vs shock group by chi-square analysis). Median stay was 8 days. Complications occurred in 13% (p less than .05 vs shock group by chi-square analysis). Three year survival was 91 +/- 4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499258 TI - The role of intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography during coronary artery revascularization. AB - The intraoperative evaluation of the technical adequacy of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses has been limited by a lack of suitable tools. To evaluate the role of intraoperative high-frequency epicardial echocardiography we examined 82 coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses in 29 patients shortly before or just after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Minor defects that did not compromise the lumen of the anastomoses were seen in two patients. One major technical error, a near total occlusion of an internal mammary-to-coronary artery anastomosis, was not apparent on external inspection, but was clearly identified with high-frequency epicardial echocardiography. This was revised immediately. Thus, high-frequency epicardial echocardiography permits the intraoperative evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft anastomoses so that technical errors can be quickly identified and corrected. PMID- 3499259 TI - The effects of age on outcome after coronary bypass surgery. AB - To study the effects of increasing age on outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 684 patients who underwent CABG from 1980 to 1985 were entered into a noncurrent prospective study. Patients were matched by date of operation and placed into three groups according to age: (1) 70 and older, (2) 55 to 69, or (3) less than 55. In addition to intraoperative and postoperative data collected on all patients, follow-up was obtained on 97% of the patients at a mean of 30 +/ 16 months. Older patients were more often female (p less than .002), and white (p less than .001) and had more preexisting cerebrovascular disease (p less than .0001), peripheral vascular disease (p less than .001), unstable angina (p less than .0001), and longer mean bypass pump times (p less than .001). Older patients had a higher hospital mortality (9.3% vs 2.2%), suffered more complications, including stroke, wound infection, reoperation for bleeding, need for intropic drug support, and prolonged ventilation, and had longer mean postoperative hospital stays (14 vs 9 days, p less than .0001). After discharge, mortality rates were similar in all groups, as was recurrence of symptoms and degree of rehabilitation. While patient age at operation significantly influenced hospital mortality and morbidity, this appeared to be a consequence of the greater frequency of risk factors in patients over 70 years of age. In addition, late follow-up failed to demonstrate any significant differences based on age alone in survival or functional status among patients undergoing CABG. PMID- 3499260 TI - The association of Peyronie's disease with HLA B7 cross-reactive antigens. A case report of identical twins. PMID- 3499261 TI - Interference of an alpha 2 component in immunological determinations of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein in serum. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1-beta) was purified from human retroplacental blood by sequential anion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography and affinity chromatography. The final preparation appeared to be electrophoretically and immunochemically pure and was in particular free from any component with alpha mobility. The preparation was used as immunogen in rabbits as well as tracer and standard for radioimmunoassay and for cross- and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. It was shown that this radioimmunoassay procedure, allowed quantitative determination of SP1-beta glycoprotein without interference by the alpha component. PMID- 3499262 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) by the sandwich method with the use of orthophenylene diamine (OPDA) for the substrate of the enzyme reaction was developed. This assay showed high sensitivity, and there was no problem with the recovery rates even without any pretreatment of samples. The changes of hEGF levels in plasma and serum depend on the condition of blood storage from sampling until separation of the cell content. The levels of hEGF markedly increased with time in serum, especially when stored at room temperature but less so in plasma. Changes of hEGF levels in plasma were negligible for up to 3 h if the blood was stored at 4 degrees C until separation. PMID- 3499263 TI - The influence of temporal bone anatomical variation upon the caloric stimulus. AB - This study involved a comparison of temperature changes occurring in isolated cadaveric temporal bones as a result of caloric stimulation, with information gained from radiological examination of the bones by means of high resolution computed tomographic scanning. This was performed in order to investigate the complex nature of heat transfer within the temporal bone and the influence which anatomical variations may have upon the accuracy of evaluation of vestibular function by means of the caloric test. No significant correlation could be found between the maximum temperature change occurring across the lateral semicircular canal and any of the parameters obtained from radiological assessment except for the diameter of the internal auditory meatus. It was deduced that an intra subject difference in the diameters of the internal auditory meatus of 0.5 mm would introduce an absolute error in the evaluation of percentage canal paresis of 10%. Since normal intra-subject differences in internal meatus diameter can exceed 0.5 mm, this finding was considered to be highly significant. PMID- 3499264 TI - Distribution of T cell subsets and Langerhans cells in mycosis fungoides, and the effect of PUVA therapy. PMID- 3499265 TI - T cell peripheral subsets in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. PMID- 3499266 TI - Morphoea in children. PMID- 3499267 TI - Herpes zoster arteritis: pathological findings. AB - This paper describes the pathological findings in two cases of delayed contralateral hemiparesis following herpes zoster arteritis. Both died of cerebral haemorrhage and a necrotizing angiitis was found involving the major vessels of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. No feature of granulomatous arteritis or of encephalitis was found. It is likely that the virus spreads along intracranial branches of the ophthalmic nerve supplying the major arteries and causes the inflammatory reaction by direct invasion of vascular muscle. PMID- 3499268 TI - Neurogenic flare responses in chronic rheumatic pain syndromes. AB - Chronic rheumatic pain syndromes such as the fibrositis syndrome, 'whiplash' syndrome, low back pain syndrome and regional pain syndrome are common clinical disorders of unknown cause. The presence of tender points in predictable anatomical locations is essential to their diagnosis. Exaggerated dermatographia or flare response to mechanical stimulation is also a commonly observed physical finding. Dermatographia is thought to be a local axon reflex mediated phenomenon, and, as such, is a component of the neurogenic inflammatory response. Because neurogenic inflammation may be mediated by polymodal nociceptors we examined the flare response to topical capsaicin, a chemical method of stimulating local axon reflexes, in 12 patients with chronic rheumatic pain syndromes and in 10 controls. There was a significant correlation (rs = 0.61; p less than 0.01) between the area of flare induced by mechanical stimulation and the area of flare induced by chemical stimulation for all subjects. Patients with chronic rheumatic pain syndromes had a lower threshold for capsaicin-induced flare responses compared with controls. They also had larger flares at capsaicin concentrations of 0.02 and 0.033 mg/mL (p less than 0.05) applied as 20 microL aliquots over 30 minutes. It is concluded that neurogenic flare responses are increased in patients with chronic rheumatic pain syndromes. PMID- 3499270 TI - High prevalence of anti-cardiolipin and other autoantibodies in a healthy elderly population. AB - Serum samples from 64 apparently healthy individuals (32 men and 32 women, mean age 81.0 years) were examined for the prevalence of several autoantibodies, including rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antibodies to extracted cellular antigens Ro (SSA), La (SSB), Sm, U1nRNP and Scl-70. IgG and IgM isotype-specific ELISA methods were applied for the detection of antibodies to ssDNA (anti-ssDNA), to dsDNA (anti-dsDNA) and to cardiolipin (anti-CL). The sera of this elderly population were found to contain a plethora of autoantibodies; RF was detected in 14.1%, ANA in 31.3% and anti-Ro (SSA) in 1.6% of the individuals. Precipitating antibodies to La (SSB), Sm, U1nRNP and Scl-70 were absent, while 15.6% of the sera displayed precipitating antibodies to a common undefined human spleen antigen. ELISA methods revealed anti-ssDNA in 17.2% of the individuals, anti-dsDNA in 14.1% and anti-CL in an extremely high incidence (51.6%). Notably, the above autoantibodies were exclusively of IgG isotype. Tests of 261 sera from healthy non-elderly individuals disclosed only anti-CL (IgG and IgM isotypes) in 2.3% of them. The levels of IgA and IgG immunoglobulins were increased in 23.4% and 29.7% of the elderly subjects, respectively. IgM was elevated in 3.1%, but it was also found decreased in 9.4%. This study documents the high incidence of autoantibodies in the healthy elderly, including for the first time, anti-CL antibodies. Furthermore, the relative impairment in IgM autoantibody production observed, possibly indicates the involution of the senescent immune system. PMID- 3499269 TI - Induction of in vitro autoimmune responses by mononuclear blood cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - T cell proliferative responses were generated in vitro in lymphocytes from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients using antigen presenting cells (APC) separated by fibronectin adherence and culture in serum free medium (SFM). HT cells were found to respond to the heterologous antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), as well as to the homologous antigens thyroglobulin (Tg), myelin basic protein (MBP), myoglobin (Mb), and sarcolemma (Sl). Positive responses were dependent upon gamma-interferon, interleukin 1, and interleukin 2. The ratio of HT T helper/inducer cells to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells was elevated at the inception of culture, and further increased during the 9 day culture period. Our data show a generalized defect in self-tolerance by HT T cells which may have been revealed by preincubation of antigen with restricted numbers of APC and subsequent culture in SFM. PMID- 3499272 TI - Effects of arachidonate deficiency on endothelium-dependent vascular reactions. AB - 1. The release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), which appears to be impaired in vessels chronically exposed to hypertension, may involve mobilization of arachidonate from phospholipids. In this study the effects of arachidonate deficiency on endothelium-dependent responses were examined in rat isolated aorta. 2. Weanling rats were fed an essential fatty acid-deficient (EFAD) diet for 8 weeks which reduced plasma and aortic phospholipid arachidonate content from 17 to 1.8% and from 21 to 8%, respectively. After this time the rats were killed and the reactivity of aortic rings was studied in organ baths. 3. In aortic rings from control rats the concentration-response curves for the contractile action of phenylephrine were shifted to the left 3.5-fold by removal of the endothelium, and the maximum was not altered. 4. In contrast, in EFAD rings with endothelium, the maximal vasoconstriction to phenylephrine was less than in control rings, and removal of the endothelium increased the maximum (from 1.9 +/- 0.2 to 3.2 +/- 0.1 g, P less than 0.05) and reduced the EC50 7-fold. 5. In EFAD rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.3 mumol/l) the relaxations produced by the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine were not significantly different from those produced in control rings. The dilator actions of sodium nitroprusside were also similar in EFAD and control rings. 6. Thus, endothelium-dependent dilatation in the aorta is not impaired by partial depletion of phospholipid arachidonate. However, contractile responses to alpha adrenoceptor agonists are depressed by spontaneously released EDRF in rat aorta, so that the results suggest that depletion of phospholipid arachidonate either augments spontaneous release of EDRF, or impairs EDRF inactivating mechanisms. PMID- 3499271 TI - Depletion of asialo-GM1+ cells from the F1 recipient mice prior to irradiation and transfusion of parental spleen cells prevents mortality to acute graft-versus host disease and induction of anti-host specific cytotoxic T cells. AB - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was induced in irradiated (750 rad) (CBA x C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice by an intravenous injection of 30 x 10(6) CBA spleen cells and 5 x 10(6) syngeneic F1 bone marrow cells. The GVHD resulted in the death of 80% of recipients within 9 days. However, when radioresistant Asialo-GM1+ cells were depleted from the recipients with a single injection of anti-Asialo-GM1 antibody 2 days before irradiation and transplantation, mortality decreased significantly (to 11%). During the GVHD, anti-host specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activity could be shown in vitro in the spleens of mice suffering from the GVHD if suppressor activity was first abolished by in vitro culture procedures. This CTL activity, however, was not detectable in the spleens of anti-ASGM1 antibody pretreated hosts. The results indicate that radioresistant ASGM1+ cells of host origin are necessary for the induction of both anti-host CTL and lethal GVHD. PMID- 3499273 TI - Amantadine restores impulse conduction across demyelinated nerve segments. AB - 1. Drugs can be identified that relieve clinical symptoms of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis based on their ability to alter voltage dependent ion channels in membranes and restore conduction in demyelinated nerve. Beneficial drugs either slow inactivation of membrane Na+ channels or block K+ channels. 2. Amantadine, an antiviral drug that slows Na+ inactivation in Myxicola giant axons, restores conduction in frog and rat sciatic nerves partially demyelinated by disruption of the perineurium (the 'perineurial window') loose ligatures, or lysolecithin. 3. A positive effect of amantadine on several different animal models supports the need for clinically oriented studies of amantadine and related inactivation-blocking agents in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3499274 TI - Evaluation of lip salivary gland biopsy in 21 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Lip salivary gland biopsy was performed in 21 (20 female) patients, age 26 to 74 years, with primary Sjogren's syndrome. The procedure helped identify a patient group with many autoimmune phenomena, including hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, autoimmune thyroiditis, vasculitis, and immunocytoma. A marked association with the HLA-DR3 antigen was noted. It is concluded that lip salivary gland biopsy is a simple and safe procedure that makes possible the identification among non-RA patients with sicca symptoms those who have autoimmune disturbance. This patient group deserves close medical supervision in order to detect autoimmune disease that requires treatment, such as autoimmune thyroiditis and lymphoma. PMID- 3499275 TI - Aberrant synthesis of antibodies directed at the Fab fragment of IgA in patients with IgA nephropathies. AB - The sera of 37 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA NP) were assayed for levels of antibodies specific for the Fab fragment of homologous IgA, and the values obtained were compared to antibody levels in a panel of 26 normal volunteers. IgG antibody levels in IgA NP patients were significantly elevated over those of the controls (P less than 0.01); at the same time IgM anti-Fab alpha levels were significantly decreased when compared to the control panel (P less than 0.01). There was no correlation of antibody levels of either isotype with levels of circulating immune complexes; however, IgM antibody levels of IgA NP patients showed a significant negative correlation with severity of renal insufficiency. PMID- 3499276 TI - Transfer of anti-DNA-producing B cells from NZB to unmanipulated xid recipients: effects of age, sex, and environment. AB - NZB mice have been extensively studied in an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disease. In a recent report we demonstrated that NZB B cells would engraft and function when transferred to unmanipulated NZB.xid recipients. Anti-DNA-producing donor B cells expanded dramatically in the NZB.xid recipients. The present study examines the requirements for this expansion. We found that the age and sex of the donor were important: NZB mice less than 2 weeks of age had fewer anti-DNA-secreting precursors than did older mice; male donors had 10-fold fewer precursors than did females of the same age. An effect of the recipient environment on donor cell expansion also was noted: male recipients allowed much less expansion of anti-DNA-producing cells than did female recipients. Castration of the male recipients led to an increase in rate of expansion, suggesting that androgens played a role in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and/or activation. These studies demonstrate that anti-DNA precursors increase with age under the influence of host factors. PMID- 3499277 TI - Amelioration of murine lupus nephritis by dimethylsulfoxide. AB - Dimethylsulfoxide was given to NZB/W F1 female mice from age 10 weeks to see if proteinuria and glomerular injury could be reduced. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to saline or DMSO treatment groups and the following studies were done: urine protein determination, serum concentrations of creatinine, IgG, C3, and albumin; and ANA titers. Kidney tissue were studied by light, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. DMSO-treated mice had significant reductions in protein excretion at 5 and 6.5 months of age; in urine protein/creatinine ratio at 6.5, 7, and; 7.5 months; in serum C3 at 7.5 months; and in serum creatinine concentration. There were no significant differences among serum IgG, nor among the ANA titers. Histopathologic studies revealed nearly normal kidneys in 5/6 DMSO-treated mice whereas 4/8 controls had severe mixed membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Ultrastructural studies revealed mesangial, subendothelial, and subepithelial deposits and membranous transformation of the glomerular capillary wall. DMSO therefore appears capable of ameliorating glomerular injury in NZB/W F1 mice. PMID- 3499278 TI - A possible cytotoxicity inducer role of 5/9 positive lymphocytes infiltrating the liver in CAH patients. AB - The presence, in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) patients, of an inflammatory infiltrate basically composed of T lymphocytes suggested the hypothesis that these lymphocytes could play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study has been to characterize, in a group of carefully selected CAH patients, the liver-infiltrating T lymphocyte, utilizing commercial monoclonal antibody (anti-Leu 1, anti-Leu 2a, anti-Leu 3a) and 5/9 monoclonal antibody that recognizes a further lymphocyte subset within T4 cells. Our data show that both T4 positive subpopulation and T8 positive subpopulation are represented in the infiltrate in the same ratio; furthermore the distribution of 5/9 positive lymphocytes is prevalent where the infiltrate is mainly composed of T8 positive lymphocytes. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between 5/9 positive cells in the liver and GPT and the patients with high percentages of infiltrating 5/9 positive lymphocytes show a low T4/T8 ratio with respect to patients with low percentages of 5/9 positive cells. These data support the hypothesis that 5/9 positive lymphocytes may present an inducer role on cytotoxic cells. PMID- 3499279 TI - Evaluation of diseased coronary arterial branches by polar representations of thallium-201 rotational myocardial imaging. AB - The perfusion territories in polar representations of stress Tl-201 rotational myocardial imaging in patients with angina pectoris who had one diseased coronary segment were analyzed. The lesions proximal or distal to the first major septal perforator in left anterior descending arteries were detected by the presence or absence of defects at the base of the anterior septum. Right coronary artery lesions were detected by the presence of defects at the basal posterior septum, in contrast to the preservation of myocardial uptake at this portion in lesions of the left circumflex artery. The specific defect patterns were detected in cases with lesions at the first diagonal, obtuse marginal, and posterolateral branches. Recognition of these defects in the polar maps allows detailed detection of diseased coronary arterial branches. PMID- 3499281 TI - Kock continent ileal urinary reservoir. Anatomy and potential pitfalls of radionuclide imaging. AB - The Kock continent ileal urinary reservoir (Kock pouch) is a new form of urinary diversion that, due to its advantages over previous techniques of urinary bypass, will probably become widespread in urologic practice. When bone imaging is performed in the presence of the Kock pouch, the unusual configuration of the pouch may obscure or simulate osseous lesions. An understanding of the surgical anatomy as well as the planar and SPECT scintigraphic appearances of the Kock pouch is necessary to avoid errors during interpretation. This series of 51 bone images reports on the variable scintigraphic appearance of the Kock pouch. In addition, the incidence and type of potentially avoidable pitfalls in the interpretation of bone imaging when this form of urinary diversion is used are evaluated. PMID- 3499280 TI - SPECT gallium scanning for lymphoma and infection. AB - Thirty gallium scans, using currently acceptable dosage levels (5-6 mCi) and a conventional rotating gamma camera, were performed on 20 patients with lymphoma or infection. Compared to planar scans, SPECT increased sensitivity and lesion detection from 48% to 89% in lymphoma, and from 50% to 80% in infection. The predictive value of a negative site was 81% in lymphoma and 67% in infection. Gallium utility is markedly increased by SPECT imaging. A normal gallium SPECT scan is highly accurate in ruling out disease. PMID- 3499282 TI - Effect of interleukin-2 on diabetes in the BB/Wor rat. AB - Young diabetes prone BB/Wor rats were treated for 4-7 weeks with low dose (1,000 units/week) or high dose (75,000 units/week) recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL 2) and observed through 150 days of age for the development of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. Comparing treated rats with controls, it was found that IL-2 did not affect the cumulative incidence of diabetes, the age at onset of the disease, or peripheral lymphocyte subset numbers. High dose IL-2 administered to diabetes resistant BB/Wor rats also failed to induce the disease. PMID- 3499283 TI - Study of the prevalence and management of patients with faecal incontinence in old people's homes. PMID- 3499284 TI - A rapid reproducible method for determination of basement membrane thickness in biological structures. AB - A computerized method for the determination of basement membrane thickness is described. The program is written in HPL. The accuracy and reproducibility of the method and the program were determined using constructed and biological models. PMID- 3499285 TI - Histiocytosis-X of the hypothalamus: case report and literature review. AB - Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with histiocytosis-X manifesting secondary hormonal change is well known clinically. Proof of involvement of the most common CNS focus, the hypothalamus, is also seen in autopsy cases on occasion. However, premortem radiographic evidence of hypothalamic infiltration is unusual. Presented is a case report and a brief literature review of such cases. PMID- 3499286 TI - Haemophilus influenza pericarditis. PMID- 3499287 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to esophageal sclerotherapy. PMID- 3499288 TI - Mycotic aneurysm of the aorta due to Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 3499290 TI - Interleukin-1 induction by Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 3499289 TI - Inflammation in Yersinia arthritis. PMID- 3499291 TI - Effect of inflammation on the corneal endothelial pump and barrier. AB - Corneal thickness is a reflection of endothelial barrier and pump functions. The corneal edema that occurs during intraocular inflammation is a consequence of the breakdown of one or both of these parameters. Results of this study demonstrate that, during intraocular inflammation induced by an intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the permeability of rabbit corneal endothelia to inulin was increased. By comparison, treatment with oral aspirin and/or subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide prevented the endothelial barrier breakdown induced by the BSA. Concomitant with the loss of the barrier function, endothelial ouabain binding decreased in the BSA injected eye, indicating a reduction in endothelial Na/K ATPase pump site density. A subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone prevented this decrease in pump sites. The increase in endothelial permeability and the decrease in pump site density correlated with an increase in corneal thickness. It can be concluded that the intraocular inflammation induced by BSA effects corneal edema by both an increase in endothelial permeability and a decrease in Na/K ATPase pump site density. Subconjunctival triamcinolone is effective in preventing this response. PMID- 3499292 TI - Determinants of discharge following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - The optimal time for discharge following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is uncertain and varies among institutions. This study was undertaken to determine what factors may discriminate between early and late discharge following surgery. In 177 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG procedures, three groups were formed retrospectively according to the number of days hospitalized post CABG: group 1, less than or equal to 8; group 2, 9 to 11; group 3, greater than or equal to 12. Parameters found to discriminate between group 1 and group 3 (p less than .05; chi square analysis) included female sex, unstable angina, congestive heart failure (CHF), age greater than or equal to 65 years, and the development of major postoperative complications. Angina class, prior myocardial infarction, extent of coronary artery disease, aortic cross clamp time, number of bypass grafts, ejection fraction less than 40 percent, or "minor" postoperative complications were not different among groups. Patients discharged less than or equal to 8 days following CABG had no increase in return visits or readmissions less than 60 days post CABG. We conclude that while certain patients can be safely discharged less than or equal to 8 days post CABG, patients who are female, greater than or equal to 65 years, have unstable angina, CHF, or a major postoperative complication are likely to be hospitalized longer. PMID- 3499293 TI - Preoperative left ventricular dysfunction and operative risks in coronary bypass surgery. AB - Preoperative left ventricular function variables were evaluated as potential risk factors for peroperative and postoperative complications in 183 consecutive patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Fifty-six patients had no abnormal criteria and 127 had at least one criterion (AN). The incidence of history of infarction was significantly greater in the AN (71.6 percent) than in the N (39.6 percent) group (p less than 0.04). During the early postoperative course, N and AN differentiated significantly in (1) the need for inotropic therapy (II vs 30 percent, p less than 0.05); (2) intra-aortic balloon pump (0 vs 13 percent); (3) arrhythmias (20 and 40 percent, p less than 0.002); and (4) stay in the Intensive Care Unit (2.3 +/- 0.8 and 3.9 +/- 2 days, p less than 0.01). Perioperative necrosis and mortality were not different. During a follow-up period of two years, N and AN did not show any difference in mortality and recurrence of angina. PMID- 3499294 TI - Hypoxemia with normal chest roentgenogram due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Diagnostic errors due to low suspicion of AIDS. AB - Three patients encountered in a single month had insidious development of atypical respiratory or systemic symptoms and were found to be hypoxemic. All had normal chest roentgenograms and were perplexing problems in diagnosis. On initial presentation, none had evidence of pulmonary infection or recognized clinical or social features that suggested acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). All received corticosteroids for respiratory distress before the correct diagnosis was made, and all died rapidly of Pneumocystis pneumonia secondary to AIDS. PMID- 3499295 TI - Useful and extraneous variability in longitudinal assessment of lung function. AB - Longitudinal measurement is increasingly used to quantify the effects of recent and ongoing influences on lung function, whether treatments of groups of patients, or exposures of working or community populations. The variability in an estimate, eg, mean annual change in FEV1, comes from two sources; variability from true differences in annual change among individuals (called signal), and variability from measurement error (called noise). Signal is useful variability, potentially relatable to explanatory variables, and noise is extraneous. Assuming the variance of true differences remains constant, any increase in noise produces a calculable fall in the proportion of signal in the total observation, which fall we term "signal decay". This is not a function of the number of individuals, which influences rather the statistical power to determine that observed differences are not likely from chance alone. Imprecision in the estimation of individuals' rates of change is a major source of signal decay. Within practical limits, this can be compensated for by increasing the length of the study. Higher rates of subject attrition cause signal decay, in addition to loss of statistical power and susceptibility to survivor bias. Increasing the frequency of testing, within a study of constant length, has little effect on signal and noise, but interval testing protects against secular bias and minimizes data loss from subject attrition. PMID- 3499296 TI - Growth rate of left atrial myxoma. Development of a symptomatic left atrial myxoma less than two years after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - In April 1984, a left atrial myxoma almost filling the left ventricle was discovered in a patient who had no evidence of myxoma at the time of aortocoronary bypass grafting in September 1982. We conclude that the growth rate of a primary cardiac myxoma may be much faster than expected from previous observations. PMID- 3499297 TI - Measuring protease inhibition. PMID- 3499298 TI - Urinary excretion of mefloquine and some of its metabolites in African volunteers at steady state. AB - Because of the extremely long terminal elimination half-life of mefloquine it is practically impossible to measure quantitatively its urinary excretion after a single dose. Indeed, a correct estimation would require collection of urine over a period of several months. This difficulty was overcome by measuring excretion in the course of a multiple-dose study when steady-state conditions had been reached. Six male African volunteers were given at an interval of 1 week 250 mg mefloquine base in the form of its hydrochloride. Urine was quantitatively collected from each subject during the 11th week and analyzed for unchanged drug and its alcohol and acid metabolites. Excretion of the unchanged drug and of its acid metabolite amounted respectively to 9% (5.2-13.1%) and 4.2% (2.9-6.2%) of the weekly dose. Concentrations of the alcohol metabolite were too low to be measured. PMID- 3499299 TI - [Immunopathology of chronic proliferative gingivitis]. PMID- 3499300 TI - [Histiocytosis X involving the oral and maxillofacial area]. PMID- 3499302 TI - Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in an urban population of Argentina. AB - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity was studied in the urban area of La Plata City, Argentina. In the chosen population the age ranged from 20 to 74 years. Overt diabetics were not included in the study. For each individual, sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, (BMI), education, type of job and clinical and diabetic background were registered. Plasma glucose values were measured by reading Dextrostix strips in the Dextrometer, in samples obtained by finger punction 2 h after a 50-g glucose load. The final size of the sample (809 people), with an age and sex distribution similar to that of the general population, was attained at random, considering a diabetes prevalence of 6% in the population and a precision and confidence limit in the estimation of 2% and 95%, respectively. The results were evaluated using the post-load glucose values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) (200 mg/100 ml). According to these values, the prevalence of diabetes in our population was 2.7%. When adding the 2.3% of known diabetics to these figures, a prevalence of 5% was obtained. The value of the ratio of number of normal newborns/number of pregnancies significantly diminished as a function of the increment in the plasma glucose values found in the probands. Taking into account the BMI values, 37% of our sample population were obese subjects. Even when the glucose values obtained in obese subjects were within the normal range, they were significantly higher than those obtained in the nonobese group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499301 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin as an index of the prevalence and severity of diabetes in biethnic Fiji. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobin was compared with fasting blood glucose as a screening test for diabetes mellitus and as an index of the severity of diabetes in biethnic (Melanesian and Indian) Fiji. Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence in the test sample was higher in Indians by either criterion. According to the hemoglobin A1 criterion, Melanesians had prevalence rates of 8.2% (males) and 15.8% (females) compared to 17.0% (males) and 24.3% (females) in Indians. In contrast, fasting blood glucose criteria (WHO) gave higher rates in each group. Hemoglobin A1 levels were higher overall in Indians and females. The predictive value of an elevated fasting blood glucose test for an elevated hemoglobin A1 was 20.0% in Melanesians and 60.7% in Indians while that of a normal fasting blood glucose test for a normal hemoglobin A1 was 89.4% in Melanesians and 89.3% in Indians. The proportion of Indians with elevated hemoglobin A1 who were severely hyperglycemic was almost 7 times higher (40.9% vs. 5.8%) than that of Melanesians. The ethnic difference in the predictive value of fasting blood glucose levels for hemoglobin A1 levels appears to be related to the greater severity of hyperglycemia of diabetic Indians compared to diabetic Melanesians. Hemoglobin A1 levels provide information on both the qualitative as well as quantitative differences in diabetes between ethnic groups. PMID- 3499303 TI - Pathfinding by dorsal column axons in the spinal cord of the frog tadpole. AB - Sensory fibres from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) enter the spinal cord and run within a clearly defined ipsilateral pathway, the dorsal column, which lies in the dorsal funiculus. We have examined the characteristics of this pathway as a defined substrate for dorsal column axons in Rana temporaria tadpoles by rotating the thoracic spinal cord through 180 degrees from dorsal to ventral. Using HRP as a neuronal tracer we establish that many dorsal column axons from the hindlimb locate the ipsilateral or contralateral dorsal column pathway in the rotated cord. Other axons locate and grow caudally down the contralateral dorsal column returning to the lumbar region. Axons of the dorsal column never take an inappropriate pathway except at the transection sites where they negotiate abnormal routes to reach the contralateral or ipsilateral dorsal columns in normally positioned or rotated cord. The results demonstrate that the dorsal columns act as highly specific pathways for axons from DRG neurones but the axons' interactions with the pathway do not control the craniocaudal or left right options for growth. PMID- 3499304 TI - [The benefits of coronary artery surgery]. PMID- 3499305 TI - Influence of pancreatic edema and short-term ischemia of rat pancreas on lipase- and alpha-amylase-activities in the serum and in the pancreas. AB - Acute pancreatitis was produced in rats by a combination of dyschylic edema and short-term ischemia of the pancreas. The incidence of acute pancreatitis, reflected by peri- and extra-pancreatic fat necrosis, was found to be dependent on the duration of ischemia. Under most conditions there were no significant differences in enzyme activities between the animals with macroscopic signs and those without these. The time course of alpha-amylase and lipase release was investigated within 24 hours postoperatively. Additionally the quantitative correlation was estimated of the enzyme activities released from the pancreatic tissue and the activities determined in rat serum. The data show that the serum enzymes represent only a small and variable portion of the total amount of enzymes effused from the pancreas. PMID- 3499307 TI - Immunoglobulin IgM detected by ELISA in bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid, non-vascular holocrine secretion of intermediate lobe cells. AB - ELISA was employed to determine the presence of immunoglobulin IgM in crude bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid (IGC). The percentage weight of IgM was 1.15% per total weight of lyophilized colloid. The colloid from 32 glands (sufficient amount to perform the ELISA) was pooled and placed in 20 ml cold phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.6) and lyophilized. The total weight of the lyophilized material was 2.05 g IGC, housed in the intraglandular lumen (residual lumen). This is the holocrine secretion of the marginal half of bovine pituitary intermediate lobe (IL) cells, known to produce the ACTH/LPH family of peptides. The discovery of immunoglobulin IgM in IGC is a unique phenomenon. Since it has been established that IL cells process common precursor molecules to different final secretory products, it can be envisioned that continuing studies will help to elucidate the relationship between immunoglobulins and the ACTH/LPH family of peptides. PMID- 3499306 TI - Growth impairment caused by dietary nitrate intake regulated via hypothyroidism and decreased somatomedin. AB - The effect of 2 days or 6 weeks administration of the diet containing 3 per cent potassium nitrate on serum level of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), nitrate, methemoglobin and somatomedin activity was investigated in piglets aged 56 days. Sufficient iodine intake by mothers prevented a decrease of T4 level in piglets after 2 days administration of nitrate. However, after 6 weeks of nitrate administration a striking decrease of T4 level was found (average level less than 10 nmol l-1) which could not be prevented even by the addition of 0.5 mg iodide per kg diet. No adaptation to nitrate administration was observed. After long term administration of nitrate a significant decrease of serum somatomedin activity was found which also showed a positive correlation with a decrease of body weight gain. PMID- 3499308 TI - Effect of etomidate on adrenal function in rats. AB - Etomidate, an imidazole derived hypnotic was applied to rats in order to find out whether repeated treatment with the drug, in doses exceeding those usually given to human, does alter adrenal morphology and function in terms of corticosterone and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (an androgen of exclusively adrenal origin) production, both in vivo and in vitro. A slight, dose-related decrease of plasma corticosterone and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione was observed from etomidate concentrations 0.3 resp. 1.4 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively. In vitro, corticosterone production was reduced in the groups receiving 0.7 mg of the drug or more. Morphologically, only minute lipid hyperplasia was found after the highest dose of etomidate, associated with a significant increase of relative body weight. Administration of low dose of etomidate (approx. one half of that given usually to human) led to an increase of corticosterone production, indicating the reversibility of such effect. Etomidate did not stimulate enzymic oxidation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroids to the corresponding 11-oxosteroids, as do some blockers of 11 beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 3499309 TI - Changes of hormone serum levels during UVA and UVB irradiation. PMID- 3499310 TI - Ovarian thecal/interstitial cells produce an epidermal growth factor-like substance. AB - An ovarian thecal/interstitial cell preparation was obtained by enzymatic digestion of immature rat ovaries depleted of granulosa cells. A component in thecal/interstitial cell-conditioned medium inhibited specific binding of [125I]iodo-epidermal growth factor ([125I]EGF) to its cell surface receptor, as determined with an EGF radioreceptor assay. Thecal/interstitial cell secreted proteins also stimulated growth of an EGF-dependent cell line. Granulosa cells isolated from the same ovaries did not produce detectable levels of an EGF-like substance, as determined by both EGF RRA and EGF growth assay. Fractionation of thecal/interstitial cell secreted proteins by size exclusion HPLC resulted in a 35K component being detected by both the EGF RRA and the growth assay. An EGF like substance was also detected when thecal/interstitial cell secreted proteins were fractionated by reverse phase HPLC. Several biochemical properties of the EGF-like substance examined were different from those of authentic mouse EGF. However, the biological activities of the EGF-like substance and mouse EGF were similar in their ability to promote the growth of an EGF-dependent cell line. In addition to the production of an EGF-like substance, the thecal/interstitial cell preparation also produced an EGF inhibitory activity. This thecal/interstitial cell secreted product was fractionated from the EGF-like substance and inhibited the ability of EGF to stimulate cell growth. EGF receptors are present on granulosa cells, and EGF is known to influence both the growth and differentiation of these cells. Observations indicate that ovarian thecal/interstitial cells produce an EGF-like substance that may act as a paracrine factor to regulate granulosa cell growth and differentiation. In addition, an EGF inhibitory activity is produced that also may have a role in regulating follicular cell growth. PMID- 3499311 TI - TPA inhibits the synthesis of androgens and cortisol and enhances the synthesis non-17 alpha-hydroxylated steroids in cultured human adrenocortical cells. AB - Previously, we showed that 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C, is a mitogen for fetal human definitive zone adrenocortical cells in culture. In the present experiments, TPA inhibited forskolin-stimulated cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) synthesis, and enhanced forskolin stimulated progesterone and corticosterone synthesis. These changes in the pattern of steroidogenesis were shown to result from changes in enzyme activities after forskolin treatment. TPA increased forskolin-stimulated 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) 2-fold, while depressing forskolin stimulated 17 c-hydroxylase to basal values DHEA sulfotransferase increased 3 fold on transfer of human adrenocortical cells from serum-containing to defined, serum-free medium; TPA inhibited this increase. Experiments in which TPA was added at various times during the time course of forskolin stimulation of 17 alpha-hydroxylase showed that TPA prevents the increase in the level of 17 alpha hydroxylase, and does not have a direct inhibitory effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity. TPA also inhibited stimulation of 17 alpha-hydroxylase by cAMP analogs, indicating that the inhibition of 17 alpha-hydroxylase by TPA is not due to an effect on adenylate cyclase. Previous experiments have shown that stimulation of intracellular cAMP is sufficient for androgen synthesis by the human adrenocortical cell, under defined, serum-free conditions, and that its high rate of androgen synthesis likely results from the relative levels of 3 beta-HSD, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, and DHEA sulfotransferase in the cell. Enzyme induction by cAMP results in increased production of both androgens and glucocorticoids, whereas activation of protein kinase C changes the balance of enzymes, resulting in increased non-17 alpha-hydroxylated steroid synthesis and decreased androgen and cortisol biosynthesis. PMID- 3499314 TI - Inducible beta-lactamases. Enzymes of increasing clinical importance. PMID- 3499312 TI - Sequential activation and lethal hit measured by [Ca2+]i in individual cytolytic T cells and targets. AB - Changes in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) have been continuously imaged during the interaction of the H-2Kb specific cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte (CTL) BM 3.3, with either the H-2Kb EL4.BU or the H-2Kk RDM4 cell lines. Activation of the CTLs by EL4.BU raises [Ca2+]i to several hundred nanomolar in the CTL. Frequently [Ca2+]i is preferentially elevated in the region of the CTL furthest from the site of target contact. These responses require external Ca2+ suggesting that they are generated by the plasma membrane and not internal stores. Inappropriate targets such as RDM4 evoke no changes in [Ca2+]i. Activation of the BM 3.3 CTL is followed by increases of [Ca2+]i to several micromolar or higher in the EL4.BU targets. This massive increase can be mimicked by direct application of cytolytic granules isolated from rat natural killer cells. The increase in plasma membrane permeability is ion-specific since external Mn2+ can also readily enter target cells that have been 'hit', as evidenced by the rapid selective quenching of fura 2 in those targets. The flood of Ca2+ into the target cell is followed by a leakage of the trapped fura-2. Since both processes continue after the CTL has disengaged, they provide a useful assay for the lethal hit. Furthermore, this technique can be used to follow complete cycles of CTL activation and lethal hit delivery, which under some circumstances can be as rapid as 6 min per cycle. PMID- 3499315 TI - Ability of newer beta-lactam antibiotics to induce beta-lactamase production in Enterobacter cloacae. AB - The beta-lactamase inducing properties of various new beta-lactam antibiotics in two isogenic strains of Enterobacter cloacae were investigated. Beta-lactamase activity was measured two hours after addition of inducer to cells in the late logarithmic growth-phase. Beta-lactamase expression was highly dependent on the growth medium used, highest levels being obtained after induction with cefoxitin in Tryptic Soy broth, Mueller-Hinton broth and Nutrient broth. Upon induction the mutant 908 Ssi produced tenfold higher beta-lactamase levels than its parent wild type 908 Swi. Among the new antibiotics investigated, sulfoxides of several oxyimino-cephalosporins, HR 810, cefetamet, cefteram, carumonam and BRL 36650 were moderate or poor inducers. The penem FCE 22101 resembled imipenem in its strong inducing properties. PMID- 3499313 TI - Additive effects of interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha on the accumulation of the three granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNAs in human endothelial cells. AB - The control of haematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSF) gene expression by interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in cultured endothelial cells was studied by RNA hybridization and nuclear gene transcription. Both IL-1 and TNF-alpha induced, with somewhat different kinetics, a slow but marked accumulation of granulocyte-macrophage (GM)- and granulocyte (G)-CSF mRNAs in endothelial cells; macrophage (M)-CSF mRNA increased more rapidly but more moderately. Simultaneous treatment with maximally stimulating concentrations of both IL-1 and TNF-alpha had an additive effect on the accumulation of the three mRNAs, suggesting that both mediators act via independent pathways. The mechanism of CSF mRNA accumulation in endothelial cells was explored by nuclear run-on experiments, which showed that both IL-1 and TNF alpha increase GM-CSF, G-CSF and M-CSF gene transcription to varying degrees. PMID- 3499316 TI - Emergence of resistance in gram-negative bacteria during therapy with expanded spectrum cephalosporins. AB - To assess the clinical importance of emergence of beta-lactam resistance caused by stable derepression of chromosomal beta-lactamases, sequential cultures from patients treated with expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were monitored for the persistence of bacteria possessing these enzymes. Antibiotic susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production before and after cefoxitin induction were determined in sequential isolates of individual bacterial strains. Of 49 strains isolated from 44 patients, 25 strains (51%) were eradicated by cephalosporin therapy, 17 strains (35%) persisted with unchanged susceptibility in sequential cultures, and 7 strains (14%) from 7 patients developed multiple beta-lactam resistance during cephalosporin therapy. In 6 of the 7 strains, resistance was associated with stable derepression of beta-lactamases. In the patient group whose strains developed resistance, subsequent use of non-beta-lactam antibiotics was more frequent and mortality was higher. PMID- 3499317 TI - Evaluation of disk approximation and agar dilution induction tests for demonstration of in vitro antagonism of cefotaxime by cefoxitin in Enterobacter species. AB - Cefoxitin-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. demonstrated inducible beta-lactamase activity in 31 of 47 (65.9%) disk approximation tests and in 32 of 52 (63.5%) agar dilution induction tests. Agreement between the two results was only 72.3%, and 80.9% of the strains were positive in at least one induction test. Lack of valid interpretive criteria preclude their routine use in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 3499318 TI - Purification and characterization of human fibroblast-derived hybridoma growth factor identical to T-cell-derived B-cell stimulatory factor-2 (interleukin-6). AB - Human fibroblast cultures, when stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) produce a growth factor for B-cell hybridoma and plasmocytoma cell lines. The availability of both a fast-growing and high-producer cell line (MG-63 osteosarcoma cells) and of a highly sensitive and specific assay system for this hybridoma growth factor (HGF) allowed us to obtain analytically pure preparations. Crude HGF from MG-63 cells was processed through a five-step concentration and purification schedule. Sequential adsorption to controlled pore glass (CPG) beads, antibody affinity chromatography and gel filtration resulted in a 10,000-fold purification to a specific activity of 10(9) units/mg HGF. Electrophoretically pure HGF was obtained after additional purification by cation-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. The purification procedure revealed two distinct biologically active HGF components. The amino-terminal sequence of one of the two components was determined and found to correspond to that already predicted from cDNA clones of a protein alternatively called 26-kDa protein, interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2) or B-cell stimulating factor-2 (BSF-2). The first two designations (26-kDa protein and IFN-beta 2) refer to a postulated fibroblast secretory protein with so far no unambiguously defined function; the latter designation (BSF-2) refers to a T-cell product possessing differentiation stimulatory effect on B-cell lines. The reported results firmly establish that the protein is secreted by fibroblasts and reveal that it possesses B-cell growth stimulatory activity. The new designation interleukin-6 (IL-6) is proposed to resolve prescribing nomenclature confusion. PMID- 3499319 TI - Dyspnoea in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study of middle-aged men: the Study of Men Born in 1913 and 1923. AB - In a longitudinal population study, 855 men, born in 1913 and initially examined when 50 years old, were followed for 17 years with measurements of dyspnoea and other variables performed at ages 50, 54, and 67 years. In addition a sample of 226 men born in 1923 was followed from 50 to 57 years of age. At the latest examination, four different methods for measuring dyspnoea were used, one based on questionnaire, one on interview, and two on visual analogue scales. The estimates from these methods were highly intercorrelated, and correlated with measures of cardiopulmonary function as well. The prevalence of dyspnoea grade 2 (shortness of breath when walking with someone of the same age on the level) or more, not counting the mildest form of dyspnoea in these populations, was 2.8%, 3.0%, 5.2% and 10.3% at 50, 54, 57 and 67 years of age, respectively. Dyspnoea grade 1 (shortness of breath when walking quickly on the level or uphill) was less well related to age. A scoring system to differentiate various possible causes of dyspnoea was applied. About one third of the dyspnoeic men had signs and symptoms of cardiac disease, one quarter had pulmonary disease, and a quarter had a combination of both causes. The remaining 20% had no signs or symptoms indicating cardiopulmonary disease but in the majority of the cases other plausible causes were found. PMID- 3499320 TI - Beneficial effect of residual anterograde flow on tissue viability as assessed by positron emission tomography in patients with myocardial infarction. AB - With the advent of therapeutic interventions to restore blood flow in patients with acute infarction, early identification of salvageable myocardium has gained clinical importance. It was the purpose of this study to define regional blood flow and glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) and to correlate these findings with coronary anatomy. In 15 patients blood flow as determined by N-13 ammonia was reduced in 37 left ventricular segments. In 20 segments there was a similar decrease in FDG uptake, consistent with tissue necrosis. In contrast, 17 segments with reduced blood flow revealed maintained FDG uptake suggesting residual viability in the electrocardiographically defined 'infarct segment'. PET viability and necrosis was significantly associated with presence or absence of anterograde flow in the infarct artery. Evaluation of regional wall motion did not distinguish segments with PET criteria for viability from segments with necrosis. Thus, in patients without thrombolytic therapy during evolving myocardial infarction, spontaneous reperfusion appears to be beneficial for tissue survival. PET offers the unique possibility to assess tissue viability early after the ischaemic injury where evaluation of wall motion fails to identify salvageable myocardium. PMID- 3499321 TI - Will there be less need for cardiac rehabilitation programmes when acute treatment is intensified and shortened? AB - Will aggressive treatment of coronary heart disease change the need for rehabilitation programs in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina? To answer this question first the aims of a rehabilitation programme will be reviewed. PMID- 3499322 TI - What resources should be made available for coronary artery bypass surgery in Europe. AB - In the immediate future it seems correct to aim to provide for between 500 and 700 per million interventions for coronary artery disease per year. There is a continuing need for valve surgery, congenital heart surgery and miscellaneous conditions at a rate of about 150-200 per million per year. It is recommended that centres should be organised with a minimum of 750-1000 open heart procedures resulting in a minimum population requirement of between 1.2 M-1.5 M to support an individual unit. The likely revenue costs of running such a service at 1986 values is approximately 5-7 million pounds and such a unit is likely to have capital equipment of nearly 3 M pounds with an expected life span of seven to ten years. There is a continuing requirement to review the total need for surgery as more information becomes available and new techniques develop. PMID- 3499323 TI - Retrospective evaluation of single photon emission computed tomography of the liver. AB - Retrospective analysis, including indications for examination, of 335 consecutive liver examinations of adults with single photon emission computed tomography performed at the Karolinska Hospital during the first eight months of 1981 has been carried out. 85.1% of the investigations were performed in tumour patients. This group underwent retrospective evaluation specifically regarding space occupying lesions of the liver with a minimum follow-up time of 3 years. An adequate follow-up of 87.4% was achieved. The study showed a sensitivity of 82.7% and a specificity of 93.9%. The positive and negative predictive values were 78.2% and 95.4%, respectively. 4.4% of the examinations were regarded as equivocal. Compared to previously reported values for planar liver scintigraphy derived from several different studies, the tomographic technique produced no increase of specificity or positive predictive value but a higher total accuracy, probably due to better clarification of the hepatic anatomy. The false positive, false negative and equivocal diagnoses were analysed and reported. PMID- 3499324 TI - Simulation and experimental study of respiratory motion effect on image quality of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). AB - The effect of respiratory motion on the image quality of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was investigated by computer simulation and experimentation. In the computer simulation, the phantom was assumed to be cylindrical with a uniform background and a spherical cold or hot spot. To simulate respiratory motion, a cyclic linear motion parallel to the axis of rotation of a gamma camera was assumed. The contrast in the transaxial images was calculated for various respiratory amplitudes and its dependence on lesion size and object contrast was investigated. In the experiments, a moving phantom was used to simulate respiratory motion. The simulation and the experimental results were in good agreement within the range of statistical error. The effect on the lesion detectability was investigated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, and a method for correcting respiratory motion was devised. PMID- 3499325 TI - The Bucherer-Strecker synthesis of D- and L-(1-11C)tyrosine and the in vivo study of L-(1-11C)tyrosine in human brain using positron emission tomography. AB - The synthesis of D- and L-(1-11C)tyrosine, starting with 11C-cyanide, is reported. DL-(1-11C)Tyrosine was prepared by the Bucherer-Strecker reaction, from carrier added 11C-cyanide with an incorporation of 80% in 20 min. The isolation of the pure D- and L-amino acid isomers from the enantiomeric mixture was accomplished within 15 min by preparative HPLC using a chiral stationary phase and a phosphate buffer as the mobile phase. Typically, the total synthesis time was 50 min (including purification) from end of trapping of 11C-cyanide, with a radiochemical yield of D- and L-amino acid of 40%-60%. The D- and L-(1 11C)tyrosine were both obtained optically pure, with a carrier added specific activity of 0.3-0.5 Ci/mmol and a radiochemical purity better than 99%. The 11C labelled L-tyrosine was used in an in vivo study in the human brain using positron emission tomography (PET). PMID- 3499326 TI - Cerebral glucose utilization in pediatric neurological disorders determined by positron emission tomography. AB - We measured local cerebral glucose utilization in 19 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LG), partial seizures (PS), atypical and classical phenylketonuria (PKU), Leigh disease, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), using positron emission tomography (PET). The mean values of regional glucose utilization in interictal scans of LG were significantly reduced in all brain regions when compared with that of PS (P less than 0.005). PET studies of glucose utilization in LG revealed more widespread hypometabolism than in PS. Two siblings with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency, a patient with classical PKU, and a boy with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency showed reduced glucose utilization in the caudate and putamen. A marked decrease in glucose utilization was found in the cortical gray matter of a patient with rapidly progressive SSPE, despite relatively preserved utilization in the caudate and putamen. The PET study of a patient with slowly progressive SSPE revealed patterns and values of glucose utilization similar to those of the control. Thus, PET provided a useful clue toward understanding brain dysfunction in LG, PS, PKU, Leigh disease, and SSPE. PMID- 3499327 TI - Technical note: experimental use of a multicrystal camera in SPECT. PMID- 3499329 TI - Comparative pharmacology of EDRF and nitric oxide on vascular strips. AB - The comparative pharmacology of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and nitric oxide (NO) was studied on isolated strips of rabbit aorta. Both compounds were equally unstable. The relaxations of the bioassay tissues induced by EDRF released by bradykinin (3-100 nM) and by NO (4-134 nM) were indistinguishable. The stability of both compounds was increased to a similar extent by infusions of superoxide dismutase (SOD; 15 U.ml-1) or of cytochrome c (40 microM). The relaxations induced by EDRF and NO were inhibited to similar extents by infusions of Fe2+, hydroquinone and pyrogallol, an effect attenuated by a concomitant infusion of SOD or cytochrome c. The relaxations induced by both compounds were also inhibited by haemoglobin, however, this effect was unaltered by concomitant infusion of SOD. These data indicate that EDRF and NO have identical biological activity, stability and susceptibility to inactivation by superoxide anions and haemoglobin, providing further confirmation that EDRF is NO. PMID- 3499328 TI - Changes in HLA A, B, C expression during "spontaneous" transformation of human urothelial cells in vivo. AB - The immortalized but non-tumourigenic and non-invasive human urothelial cell line, Hu 609, known to express the appropriate HLA A,B antigens (A2,-; B5,-) has previously been demonstrated to undergo "spontaneous" in vitro transformation into an invasive and tumourigenic subline, Hu 609T/MV. This subline does not express the polymorphic HLA epitopes. In the present investigation we have followed two additional "spontaneous" transformations of the Hu 609 cell line into malignant sublines. Evidence is presented that the development of morphological changes and tumourigenicity were accompanied by a gradual loss of the expression of polymorphic HLA A,B epitopes and a reduction in the expression of monomorphic HLA A,B,C antigens. Antigens could be detected again after neuraminidase treatment. We conclude that the urothelial Hu 609 cell line after "spontaneous" transformation still possesses the HLA A,B epitopes. The observed quantitative differences in HLA expression between Hu 609 and its malignant sublines may be due to masking of the HLA antigens by sialic acid containing tumour-associated highly branched glycoproteins. PMID- 3499330 TI - Immune disturbance and pathogenesis of non-obese diabetes-prone (NOD) mice. AB - Manipulation and possible mechanism of pathogenesis in NOD mice were studied from the immunological standpoint. Disturbance of lymphocyte activity, particularly that of T-lymphocyte activity, greatly influenced the development of overt diabetes. Throughout the test period when the mice were between 24 and 30 weeks old, spontaneous diabetes in female mice was markedly suppressed by treatment with anti-thymocyte serum or with an anti-Thy 1,2 monoclonal antibody. Also, the appearance of diabetes was promoted by cyclophosphamide treatment in animals of both sexes. Evidence for the role of T-lymphocytes was provided by the experiments using the T-lymphocyte-depleted mice. Neither insulitis nor overt diabetes was observed in the athymic nude congenic mice with the genetic background of NOD even if they were given cyclophosphamide. Insulitis was induced in the athymic nude recipients by the transfer of thymocytes or of splenocytes from euthymic littermates, although an overt diabetes was not produced by cell transfer alone. An overt diabetes was induced in the congenitally athymic nude mice by a single transfer of T-lymphocytes and subsequent treatment with cyclophosphamide. From these results it can be concluded that T-lymphocytes play an obligatory role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in NOD mice. PMID- 3499332 TI - Active rosette forming T-lymphocytes in diabetes mellitus. AB - Active rosette forming T lymphocytes (ARTL) represent a subpopulation of T cells with high affinity for sheep erythrocytes. It has been postulated that ARTL reflect the cellular immune status in the human, and in earlier papers we have hypothesized their suppressor activity. In this work ARTL were determined by the method of Wybran. We studied 58 insulin dependent diabetics (IDD), 30 non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDD) with HbA1c below 8%, and 41 NIDD with HbA1c higher than 8% at the moment of taking the sample. Healthy blood donors were used as controls. We observed a significant decrease of ARTL in IDD at the onset of the disease Normal values were restored from the third month after manifestation ARTL were normal in both groups of NIDD. These findings suggest that insulin may exert an influence on ARTL. PMID- 3499331 TI - Labelling of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with 123-iodine with retention of its capacity to bind to activated lymphocytes. AB - Human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) was labelled with Iodine-123 using modified Bolton and Hunter method. Separation from free iodine was performed by gel filtration chromatography using a Sephadex G10 column. HPLC analysis of labelled IL-2 showed that 98% of TCA precipitable radioactivity eluted in a single peak. The immunoreactivity of 123I-labelled IL-2 was determined by divert binding using the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) and by receptor binding assay of IL-2 to activated lymphocytes. To demonstrate in vivo binding to activated lymphocytes, 123I-labelled IL-2 was injected intravenously into a newly diagnosed diabetic BB/Wistar rat. Higher radioactivity was detected in the pancreas and in the lymph nodes of the BB/W rat compared to a normal rat. These preliminary data show that 123I-labelled IL-2 retains its immunoreactivity and capacity to bind to activated lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo and may be used for in vivo localization of lymphocytic infiltration in Type 1 diabetes. PMID- 3499333 TI - Immune reactions in patients with type I and with type II diabetes mellitus. AB - Since several data refer to the role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, this study was performed to compare aspecific and specific immune reactions in type I- and in type II diabetic patients over a six month period. The percentage and the absolute number of SRBC-rosette forming active E(A), of theophylline-resistant E(Thr) and of ORCB-rosette forming T(M)-cell subsets proved to be elevated in newly diagnosed type I but reduced in type II diabetic patients. Also an elevated percentage of HLA-DR positive, activated T cells was found in the majority of recent-onset type I diabetics. In the presence of human pancreas extract, a significant inhibition of leucocyte migration, a pronounced and specific cytotoxic capacity of all lymphocyte subsets (especially of the T(G)-cells), and elevated antibody titers (passive haemagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence) were observed in almost all type I diabetics, but only in a few cases of type II patients. After six months, the frequency both of the aspecific and of the specific immune parameters was decreased in type I diabetics, but no changes were observed in the type II diabetics with a previously positive test. The latter patients required insulin therapy at the time of the second investigation. The leucocyte migration inhibition test and the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity are suitable for studying in-vitro-sensitization against pancreatic tissue and they might predict later insulin-dependency in type II diabetic patients. PMID- 3499334 TI - In vivo and in vitro observations on permeability and diffusion pathways of tracers in rat and frog lenses. AB - Two tracers [horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lanthanum] with different properties were injected separately into eyes of the rat and frog to determine the diffusion pathways of tracers in the lens. HRP can diffuse rapidly into lens tissue and can also be washed out, whereas lanthanum has opposite properties. In a short (2-5 min) in vivo intravitreal injection of HRP into the rat eye using an automated micro syringe, tracer reached the entire intercellular space between lens epithelium and fiber cells, and between epithelial cells primarily at the peripheral region; however, it reached the central zone in a longer period (10-20 min) of injection, as examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. HRP in epithelial intercellular spaces basal to the tight junctions was washed away upon 5-15 min washing with TC-199, but was retained in the spaces apical to the junctions and between epithelium and fiber cells. Lanthanum studies in both rat and frog lenses showed that within 3-4-hr incubation, tracer was seen in epithelial intercellular spaces only basal to the tight junctions at the central epithelium. At the peripheral zone, however, tracer was visualized in the entire intercellular spaces between epithelial cells, and between epithelium and fiber cells. These studies strongly suggest that both tracers seen in the intercellular space between epithelium and fiber cells are derived from the most equatorial region of the lens, and they may not leak out to the anterior lens surface through tight junctions between epithelial cells in the rat and frog. This leads us to conclude that the equatorial region of the lens is the major site of efflux and influx of substances for the anterior lens region. PMID- 3499335 TI - Human erythropoietin stimulates murine megakaryopoiesis in serum-free culture. AB - Recombinant erythropoietin (Epo) was capable of stimulating murine megakaryopoiesis both in serum-containing and serum-free cultures, although a relatively high amount of Epo was necessary to provide sufficient stimulus for colony growth. This observation was further confirmed by experiments using nonadherent, nonphagocytic, and T-cell-depleted marrow cells in which Epo stimulated the growth of single megakaryocytes, as well as clusters or colonies. Total plate analysis revealed that twice as many single megakaryocytes and two cell aggregates were generated by Epo than generated by pokeweed mitogen stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). The number of colonies with four or more cells formed by PWM-SCM, however, was significantly higher than that generated by Epo. These results suggest that in comparison to the factor(s) in PWM-SCM, Epo stimulates the growth of more mature progenitors. PMID- 3499336 TI - Enrichment of human marrow T-cell precursors by complement-dependent cytotoxicity with monoclonal antibodies and Percoll Gradient centrifugation. AB - Attempts to enrich and characterize human marrow T-cell precursors have been performed using discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation, phenotypic analysis of cells with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), and T-cell colony-forming capacity. Marrow cells were extensively depleted of T cells and separated into seven fractions. The depletion was performed with the following Mabs: CD6 (MBG6 or RFT12) + CD8 (RFT8), CD2 (D66) + CD8 (RFT8), and CD6 (RFT12) + CD8 (RFT8) + CD7 (RFT2). A peak of cells with the capacity to differentiate into mature CD2+CD4+ T-cell agar colonies (TL-CFU) was obtained in a fraction with a density 1.063 less than d less than 1.069 g/ml. This peak was associated with the presence of cells expressing RFB1 and OKT10, two markers shared by hemopoietic precursors. Cells in this fraction were negative for CD3, CD4, CD1, CD8, and CD2 antigens. Their treatment by complement-dependent cytotoxicity with the CD7 Mab resulted in a loss of T-cell colony-forming capacity together with a reduction of T10-, RFB1-, and My10-positive cells. PMID- 3499337 TI - Canine von Willebrand factor expresses a multimeric composition similar to human von Willebrand factor. AB - Canine von Willebrand factor (vWf) was compared to human vWf. Antisera raised against human vWf or canine vWf cross-reacted with both heterologous proteins and reactions of partial identity were seen using crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Similar patterns of multimerization were obtained for vWf from both canine and human sources using the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot method. However, the canine protein displayed an altered electrophoretic mobility. The molecular weight of the vWf monomer was estimated by SDS-PAGE and found to be indistinguishable from that of human vWf monomer. Canine vWf is decreased in animals with clinically evident hypothyroidism and in heterozygous "carriers" of von Willebrand's disease (vWd) that display no clinical symptoms of vWd. Results expand the concept that von Willebrand's disease in dogs may be a useful model for study of vWd in humans, and that immunochemical methods established for studies of human vWf appear appropriate for studies of canine vWf. PMID- 3499338 TI - B-lymphocytes as a source of cell surface growth-promoting factors for hematopoietic progenitors. AB - Although B cells reside in the bone marrow, little is known concerning their functional role in hematopoiesis. We have measured the effects of surface membrane factors released from unstimulated, circulating B cells of normal donors and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on human hematopoiesis in vitro. Leukemic cells augment erythroid burst formation by allogeneic blood cells (p less than 0.05). The stimulatory effect is increased in cultures containing a high B-cell seeding density, and is decreased in those with a high peripheral blood mononuclear cell seeding density. Medium conditioned by B cells (CM) from the circulation or bone marrow stimulates the formation of erythroid bursts, granulocyte-macrophage colonies, and mixed colonies containing granulocytes, erythroblasts, monocytes, and megakaryocytes (GEMM) in serum-free cultures of allogeneic and autologous marrow (p less than 0.05). This effect is localized primarily to surface membrane vesicle-rich pellets of CM. Screening of several hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell types reveals that membrane vesicle associated activity is released from B cells and mitogen-stimulated, circulating T cells. In contrast, vesicles shed from freshly isolated, resting T cells, continuous T-cell leukemia cell lines, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells do not express the activity (p greater than 0.10). The stimulatory activity is augmented in cultures of marrow cells that are depleted of B4 antigen-positive lymphocytes but not of T-lymphocytes, suggesting that endogenous release of the factor(s) occurs during incubation. Furthermore, membranes partially purified from leukemic B cells also express the activity. Together with our findings that (1) the growth enhancing factor(s) is solubilized by octylglucoside, and that (2) the factor can be immunoprecipitated with BPA-neutralizing, antimembrane IgG, our results suggest that the erythropoietic activity is an integral membrane protein that may be immunologically related to BPA. The relationship of the erythroid burst stimulatory factor to other hematopoietic activities found in CM pellets is unknown. PMID- 3499339 TI - Serum precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay with respect to age, sex, atopy, and smoking of farmers. AB - This study was based on a sample of 3,065 farmers from a larger survey population of 12,056 Finnish farmers. Data were collected in a postal survey conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Serum samples for determination of precipitating antibodies were taken at local health centres. Precipitins were determined by the method of microplate immune diffusion. The antigen panel consisted of mycelial antigens of Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus umbrosus. Precipitins to any one of the four microbes were detected in 8.6% of the sera. The most common causes of positive precipitin tests were Aspergillus umbrosus and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, which agrees with previous findings reported from Finland. In general, the precipitins were more prevalent among women, which corresponds to local cultural traditions, and in older farmers. The prevalence of precipitins did not differ between non-atopic and atopic (defined as past or present co-existence of atopic dermatitis including infantile eczema and/or hay fever or other allergic rhinitis) subjects. In contrast, the prevalence of precipitins was about 1.5-2 times larger among non-smokers than among smokers, which confirms the findings in previous reports. In future studies on occurrence of precipitins, the data should be controlled with respect to age, sex, and smoking. PMID- 3499340 TI - Serum precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers. AB - This study was based on a sample of 3,065 farmers from a larger survey population of 12,056 Finnish farmers. Data were gathered in a postal survey conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. Serum precipitins were determined by a microplate method of immune diffusion. The antigen panel consisted of mycelial antigens of Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus umbrosus. Geographical variation in the prevalence of precipitins was statistically significant, evidently due to climatic differences. The more intensive the cattle raising, the more commonly were precipitins found in the sera of farmers. For participation in animal tending (cattle, pigs, or poultry) or in plant cultivation work only, the prevalence of precipitins was largest among farmers who tended cattle or swine. According to earlier studies, serum precipitins to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris are associated with farmer's lung. Precipitins to this microbe were most commonly found in farmers who tended pigs and were also very common in farmers who worked only in plant cultivation. These findings imply that farmer's lung may also develop among pig farmers and grain producers. Precipitins to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris were clearly related to the type of grain drier used on the farm. The study failed to identify detailed tasks in farming associated with large prevalence of precipitins, probably owing to considerable overlap in the exposure encountered in different tasks. PMID- 3499341 TI - Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in farmers according to smoking and atopic skin sensitization. AB - Development of chronic bronchitis has been shown to depend strongly on smoking habits. Atopy is known to predispose individuals to the development of asthma. Few studies, however, have dealt with the role of the atopic status of the individual as a predisposing factor for chronic bronchitis. In our previous survey among farmers, we observed that chronic bronchitis occurred more often among atopic than non-atopic subjects. Atopy was defined on the basis of past or present atopic manifestations. The association between atopy and chronic bronchitis was re-examined in a separate study of 169 individuals. Using the skin prick technique we tested these farmers for atopy. The antigen panel included 36 common and farm-related allergens. Among non-smokers with negative skin tests the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 5.6%, whereas among farmers with positive skin tests (area of at least one skin test reaction equal to 6 mm2 or larger) the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 15.1%. When age, sex and smoking habits were accounted for statistically, individuals with positive skin tests suffered from chronic bronchitis twice as frequently as subjects with negative skin tests. The predisposing effects of smoking and atopy were of the same order of magnitude. The results of the clinical study of atopy correspond closely to those of the survey study. In the farming population, individuals with an atopic constitution are predisposed to development of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 3499342 TI - Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung with respect to age, sex, atopy, and smoking. AB - This study was based on data provided by 9,483 farmers from a larger sample of 12,056 Finnish farmers. The data were collected in two postal surveys, with a 3 year interval between them, conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. About one-third of the whole population were smokers. Among men the prevalence of smoking was 58.6% and among women 10.2%. Among men the prevalence of smokers was larger in older groups, among women the situation was reversed. Based on past or present infantile eczema, atopic dermatitis, or allergic rhinitis, one-third of the subjects were classified as atopic. The prevalence of atopy was essentially the same in all age groups. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 8.0%, and the mean annual incidence was 2,017 per 100,000 farmers. Among farmers who tended cattle the prevalence of farmer's lung was 1.7% and the mean annual incidence was 540 per 100,000 similar farmers. Chronic bronchitis was twice as common among atopic as among non-atopic subjects and twice as common among smokers as among non-smokers. Atopy and smoking seemed to have an additive effect on both the prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis. The results strongly support the so-called "Dutch hypothesis" about the natural history of chronic bronchitis, according to which chronic bronchitis is closely related to asthma. Farmer's lung was only slightly more common among atopic than among non atopic subjects and twice as common among non-smokers as among smokers. PMID- 3499343 TI - Effects of respiratory morbidity on occupational activity among farmers. AB - Work-related respiratory diseases are common among farmers. Few studies, however, have dealt with the consequences of respiratory diseases for the lives of the afflicted farmers. To estimate the socioeconomic consequences of respiratory diseases in the farming population, we made a cross-sectional study and a follow up study. In 1979 farmers with farmer's lung were twice as likely as healthy farmers to plan to reduce their farming work or to stop farming completely. Fifteen percent of the farmers who developed chronic bronchitis during a three year follow-up had decided to reduce farming work, close down the farm or change the line of production on the farm. The respective rate for healthy farmers was 8%. In 1982, after the follow-up study of new cases of respiratory diseases, the rate of giving up occupational activities was twice as great among individuals with farmer's lung or asthma as in the rest of the farming population. Based on this study, we estimated that of the new cases of respiratory diseases, every tenth will stop farming in the near future, owing to one of the respiratory diseases analyzed. In Finland about 300 farmers per 100,000 and a total of about 600 farmers annually reduce their farming work or stop farming due to respiratory diseases. PMID- 3499344 TI - Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung with respect to socioeconomic factors. AB - This study was based on data provided by 9,483 farmers from a larger sample of 12,056 Finnish farmers. The data were gathered in two postal surveys (with a 3 year interval between surveys) conducted by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. When age, sex, atopy, and smoking habits were controlled, neither the family structure nor the level of vocational education significantly affected the occurrence of either chronic bronchitis or farmer's lung. The prevalence of farmer's lung was smallest on farms with the largest area under cultivation; the difference in prevalence between the area categories was statistically significant. An opposite trend, although not statistically significant, was present in the incidence rate of but not in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis. The incidence of farmer's lung was largest (p less than 0.05) on the farms with the most intensive cattle raising. Other chronic diseases occurred more often among farmers with chronic bronchitis or farmer's lung than among farmers without respiratory symptoms. Our results imply that factors associated with farm work may be more involved in the occurrence of chronic bronchitis or farmer's lung among farmers, than the socioeconomic background per se. PMID- 3499345 TI - Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers. AB - Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung in the Finnish farming population were studied by cross-sectional and follow-up surveys of 12,056 farmers. Occurrence of both these diseases varied greatly according to geographical location of the farm. The incidence of chronic bronchitis (2,687 new cases annually per 100,000 farmers) was twice as large in southwestern as in northern Finland. Chronic bronchitis was more common among farmers in livestock production than among those in grain production. The definition of farmer's lung adopted confined the occurrence of the disease among farmers engaged in animal tending. In livestock production, chronic bronchitis was strongly associated with swine tending, but farmer's lung with both cattle and swine tending. Use of a harvester with a sack loader turned out to be characteristic of the chronic bronchitis cases, and the number of new cases was largest among farmers who used a batch type cell drier. The farmers with grain driers that use unheated air most frequently suffered from farmer's lung. Of all (147) the characteristics of farming occupation analyzed, the methods of grain handling and drying were the most important factors for predisposing farmers to chronic bronchitis and farmer's lung. PMID- 3499346 TI - Incidence of clinically confirmed farmer's lung in Finland and its relation to meteorological factors. AB - In Finland, data about the incidence of clinically confirmed (according to predefined criteria) farmer's lung have been collected in successive years since 1980. All special hospitals for pulmonary diseases and departments of pulmonary diseases in other hospitals (23 clinical units throughout Finland) took part in the study. This report deals with the results collected from 1980 to 1982 (inclusive), during which 512 new cases of farmer's lung were recorded, 186 in 1980, 153 in 1981, and 173 in 1982. The mean age of the patients was 47 years (range 14-75), 45 years for men and 48 years for women. About two-thirds of the patients were women. The mean annual incidence of farmer's lung among the entire farming population (standardized for age and sex to the total population in Finland in 1975) was 44 per 100,000 persons in farming. Both the standardized mean annual incidence (range 8-60 per 100,000 persons in farming) and the female/male ratio of the standardized incidence showed distinct regional differences. Most cases of farmer's lung occurred during the indoor feeding season for cattle. The highest frequency of new cases was observed in April and the lowest in October. The incidence of farmer's lung was positively correlated with measures of daily rainfall and negatively correlated with days without rainfall and with sunshine during the haymaking period preceding the diagnosis. A rainy haymaking period calls for artificial drying of hay in order to reduce the incidence of farmer's lung. PMID- 3499347 TI - Role of environment in the development of chronic bronchitis. AB - Based on data in the Finnish Twin Registry, which was obtained by postal questionnaire, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis among non-smoking farmers was 3.6% and among a corresponding group of non-farmers (reference subjects) 3.4%. The six-year incidences of chronic bronchitis for these 2 groups were 2.7% and 0.7%, respectively. The difference in incidence between these groups was significant (p less than 0.001). The fact that the incidence among farming subjects was three times the incidence among non-farming subjects indicates that chronic bronchitis is a work-related disease among farmers. This is analogous to previous findings that symptoms compatible with chronic bronchitis occur more often among grain elevator workers than among urban dwellers. The occurrence of chronic bronchitis among both farmers and grain elevator workers probably is associated with exposure to grain dusts. PMID- 3499348 TI - Prevalence of allergic symptoms in rural and urban populations. AB - In order to compare the prevalences of common allergic symptoms identical postal questionnaires were sent to all farmers of a rural municipality in eastern Finland and to a sample of similar size in the adjacent industrialized urban municipality. To investigate the validity of the survey random subsamples of each study group participated in health examinations. In both the rural and urban populations subjects most frequently suffered from allergic rhinitis, 26.7% and 28.8%, respectively of the two populations. The proportions of individuals with any one of the five allergic symptoms recorded did not differ significantly in the two populations. Asthma was somewhat more frequent among the urban than among the rural population. The difference was not statistically significant, however, and could be due to the difference in smoking habits. The factors reported to provoke allergic symptoms were significantly different in the two groups. In the rural population the provoking factors were mostly work-related, whereas in the urban population these factors were related to living conditions. PMID- 3499349 TI - [The neurotropic action of kavinton]. AB - The presence of the neurotropic component in cavinton effect was shown as a result of the analysis of the changes in evoked potentials of the frog primordial hippocamp, the surviving slices of the mouse hippocamp and the neuronal activity of the rabbit visual cortex pyramidal neurons at different routes of administration of apovincaminic acid ethyl ether (cavinton). PMID- 3499350 TI - [Nonnarcotic analgesics among the derivatives of N-R-oxaniloyl-D-glucosamine]. PMID- 3499351 TI - Two major tyrosine protein kinases of resting human T lymphocytes are down regulated following mitotic stimulation. AB - Human lymphocyte tyrosine protein kinases (TPKs) have been analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. The major TPK species with activity towards an exogenous tyrosine-containing peptide had molecular masses of 70-100 kDa (TPK I) and 35-40 kDa (TPK II). TPKs I and II were distinct from the well-characterized autophosphorylating lymphoid cell TPK, pp56lck [(1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10738 10742]. Both TPK I and TPK II were down-regulated following mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin. By contrast, pp56lck remained clearly detectable in stimulated lymphocytes. We suggest that TPKs I and II may play a role in the regulation of the lymphocyte cell cycle. PMID- 3499352 TI - Inositol trisphosphate accumulation by high K+ stimulation in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - Stimulation with high K+ (KCl, 56 mM) of myo-[3H]inositol-prelabelled cells increased Ca2+ uptake and [3H]inositol trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Nifedipine, a Ca2+ channel antagonist, inhibited high K+-induced [3H]IP3 accumulation and 45Ca2+ uptake with a similar potency. Furthermore, ionomycin (1 microM), a Ca2+ ionophore, also induced 45Ca2+ uptake and [3H]IP3 accumulation. These results indicate the existence of the Ca2+ uptake triggered mechanism of IP3 formation in cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 3499353 TI - Interleukin-1 and endometriosis. PMID- 3499354 TI - [Circulating HLA-DR (Ia) positive T cells and T cell activation by thyroglobulin, thyroid microsome and TSH-receptor in autoimmune thyroid diseases]. AB - HLA-DR antigens are not expressed on normal circulating T lymphocytes, but recently it has become apparent that HLA-DR antigens are expressed on immunologically activated T lymphocytes, as well as monocytes, macrophages, and B lymphocytes. Namely, the HLA-DR antigens are considered to be one of the activated T cell antigens. It is apparent from the previous studies that increased numbers of HLA-DR positive T cells frequently appear in the circulation in systemic autoimmune diseases, such as RA and SLE. Furthermore, in such diseases, it is reported that the variations in circulating HLA-DR positive T cells are related to the activity of the diseases. In this communication, we examined the variations in HLA-DR positive T cells in the peripheral blood of the patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. HLA-DR positive T cells were detected by cytotoxicity test using anti HLA-DR mouse monoclonal antibody (Leu-HLA-DR antibody) and rabbit complement. The results indicate that; 1) The percentage of HLA-DR positive T cells were increased in the patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. 2) The changes of HLA-DR positive T cells accompanied with the stimulation by non-specific mitogens in vitro in autoimmune thyroid diseases did not differ from those in the normal controls. 3) The percentage of HLA-DR positive T cells increased by the stimulation of TSH-receptor and thyroid microsome in Graves' disease, on the other hand, it occurred by the stimulation of thyroglobulin and thyroid microsome in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. 4) The percentage of HLA-DR positive T cells were correlated with TRAb (TSH receptor Ab assayed by Smith's kit) in Graves' disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499355 TI - [Enzymatic action of alpha-amylases on bacterial plaque]. PMID- 3499356 TI - Epidermal growth factor-stimulated prostaglandin E2 production in human amnion cells: specificity and nonesterified arachidonic acid dependency. AB - The production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by human amnion cells in primary monolayer culture was stimulated 2- to 150-fold by mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF). The effect of mEGF on amnion cell PGE2 production was dependent on the time of treatment and the concentration of mEGF used. The rate of PGE2 production by these cells was maximal between 2 and 4 h of treatment with mEGF; thereafter, the rate of production of PGE2 declined. The stimulation of PGE2 production was maximal at concentrations of mEGF of greater than 5 ng/ml. A number of other growth factors, steroid and protein hormones, and various other test agents were ineffective or only minimally in stimulating PGE2 production by amnion cells. The stimulatory effect of mEGF on PGE2 production in these cells was dependent on the presence of serum in the culture medium; alternatively, mEGF was effective in stimulating PGE2 production by amnion cells in serum-free medium that was supplemented with arachidonic acid bound to albumin. Thus, we conclude that the marked stimulation of PGE2 production by amnion cells treated with mEGF is not due to an action of mEGF to stimulate the release of arachidonic acid from cellular glycerophospholipid storage forms; rather, these data are supportive of the conclusion that mEGF-stimulated PGE2 production is dependent on the presence of nonesterified, i.e., free, arachidonic acid in the medium. PMID- 3499357 TI - Strong association of HLA-DR3/DRw9 heterozygosity with early-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Chinese. AB - Studies of Caucasian and Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have shown that heterozygosity for certain HLA-DR antigens confers a high risk of developing the disease. The HLA antigens of 75 Chinese patients and 100 Chinese controls in Hong Kong were studied to investigate the role of HLA-DR heterozygosity in Chinese individuals. Some of the patients and controls were also tested for allotypic variation in the complement components C2, C4, and BF. Three alleles, Aw33, B17, and DR3, had increased frequencies in patients compared with controls and frequently occurred together in the same phenotype, which suggested their existence as a haplotype. There were no statistically significant differences in complement allotype frequencies between patients and controls, although the C4B null allele seemed to be associated with Aw33, B17, and DR3. No other HLA-DR antigen appeared to be associated with IDDM. However, when the patients were separated on the basis of age at onset, the frequency of DR3/DRw9 heterozygosity was markedly increased in patients presenting in the first decade of life, but there was no increase in patients presenting at greater than 20 yr of age. DRw9 is strongly associated with autoimmune disease in Chinese, whereas DR3 is not. We suggest that the major IDDM susceptibility locus in Chinese is associated with HLA-DR3 and that patients with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DRw9 have an added predisposition to autoimmune disease and therefore develop IDDM earlier than patients without DRw9. PMID- 3499358 TI - [Coronary endarterectomy (blind and open) associated with bypass. Experience in 143 patients]. AB - From June 1982 until January 1986, 173 coronary endarterectomies (EA) with bypass were performed in 143 patients. The series includes 130 conventional EA and 43 open EA with coronary reconstruction. In 9 cases of open EA the revascularization of the reconstructed coronaries was accomplished with internal mammary artery (AMI). 70 (40.4%) EA were performed on the right coronary artery, 75 (43.3%) on the left anterior descending coronary artery and 28 (20.1%) on the left circumflex coronary artery. The early mortality rate in the entire group was 3.5% (respectively 2.0% for the conventional EA and 7.3% for the open EA) and the rate of perioperative myocardial infarction was 8.4% (7.8% in patients receiving conventional EA and 9.7% in those receiving open EA). With mean follow-up of 18.4 months, most (89.8%) of the surviving patients were either symptoms-free or greatly improved. Coronary endarterectomy is a worth-while procedure and it allows surgical management of otherwise inoperables arteries. PMID- 3499359 TI - [Coronary endarterectomy combined with bypass]. PMID- 3499360 TI - Prolactin receptors in the male Rana esculenta. AB - The binding of 125I-labeled ovine prolactin (oPRL) to membrane preparations of several tissues from the male green frog, Rana esculenta, collected during the year is reported. PRL binding to kidney fractions was generally high (range 5 45%). A maximum was observed in the month of October, whereas the lowest value was found during the summer season. The binding to skin fractions was equally high (range 5-25%) and the annual profile parallels that of renal fractions. In the liver, a lower specific binding (range 3-4%) occurred consistently during the year, whereas no detectable binding was found in the muscle. The 125I-oPRL binding was inhibited by oPRL and oGH but not by oFSH or oLH. Scatchard analysis gave dissociation constants of 0.4-1 x 10(-10) M and binding capacity of about 20 fmol/mg of membrane proteins was observed in both the skin and kidney fractions. No receptor sites were detectable in 30-day hypophysectomized animals. The administration of oPRL or a crude homogenate of the frog hypophysis induced the appearance of specific PRL binding. Testosterone is able to restore prolactin binding in hypophysectomized animals, as PRL treatment does. PMID- 3499361 TI - Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the beta-subunit of bullfrog lutropin. AB - We generated a high-affinity and highly specific monoclonal antibody (BL4B11) producing hybridoma against bullfrog lutropin (LH) beta by fusing mouse myeloma, X63.Ag8.653, with spleen lymphocytes obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with bullfrog LH-IV (pI 9.3) beta-subunit. The resultant antibody-secreting hybridoma was injected into intraperitoneally pristane-primed BALB/c mice to obtain a large amount of antibody. Noncompetitive binding tests revealed that the ascitic fluid (BL4B11) could be diluted up to 1:12,000 for 50% binding to 125I-labeled bullfrog LH beta and also bound strongly to bullfrog intact LH, but not to LH alpha, follitropin (FSH), FSH alpha, FSH beta, and rat glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, and thyrotropin (TSH) significantly. The immunoblotting results also showed a similar immunological specificity of BL4B11. Cross-reactivities of bullfrog LH, FSH beta, FSH, LH alpha, and FSH alpha against BL4B11 were 9.69, 3.76, 2.40, 1, and 1%, respectively, when compared with bullfrog LH beta in the competitive inhibition assay system. The affinity constant (Ka) of the BL4B11 was 1.09 X 10(9) M-1. In the sexually mature bullfrog pituitary, immunoreactive LH cells which were revealed by this BL4B11 were distributed throughout the pars distalis except the rostral region. They were especially large, numerous, and polygonal, with well-developed cytoplasm. In the rostral region, immunoreactive LH cells were larger and more intense than those in the central region. In the case of young bullfrog, several immunoreactive LH cells were found only in the dorsocaudal region of the pars distalis. The distribution and histological characteristics of immunoreactive LH cells were different from those of immunoreactive TSH cells revealed by anti-human TSH beta serum. PMID- 3499362 TI - Voltage-clamp of cut-end skeletal muscle fibre: a diffusion experiment. AB - Membrane potential and current were studied in cut end fibres of frog skeletal muscle under current and voltage clamp conditions, by the double sucrose gap technique. Similar action potentials were recorded under current clamp conditions with either the microelectrode or the double sucrose gap techniques. Under voltage clamp conditions, the control of the membrane potential was maintained adequately. The early current was sensitive to both TTX and external Na concentration suggesting that the current was carried by Na ions. Sodium current (INa) was subsequently analysed using the Hodgkin-Huxley formulae. INa half activation and inactivation occurred at -34 mV and -60 mV, respectively. Na-rich solution applied internally by diffusion through cut ends produced a reduction of INa associated with a shift of the sodium current reversal potential (VNa) towards more negative membrane potentials. This suggested that the sodium electromotive force was reduced by the increase in internal Na content of the fibre. Iodate applied externally changed neither the activation nor the inactivation time courses of INa, but reduced the peak current. Conversely, internally applied by diffusion from the cut end of skeletal muscle fibre, iodate slowed down the time course of INa inactivation and decreased the current peak. In conclusion, the double sucrose gap technique adapted to cut end frog skeletal muscle fibre allows a satisfactory analysis of INa. PMID- 3499363 TI - Contraction of frog myocardium in non-uniform electromagnetic field. AB - Tension of the frog heart irradiated by nonuniform electromagnetic field was investigated. Tension changes up to 50% of initial values were observed. The presence of a.c. field gradient is viewed as a possible reason for such alterations. PMID- 3499364 TI - [Factors determining the effectiveness of treatment of vaginal mycosis]. PMID- 3499365 TI - Severe von Willebrand's disease: SDS agarose multimer analysis. AB - In severe von Willebrand's disease (vWD), the multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor (vWF) has been hindered by the low content of the protein although different patterns have been observed by radiocrossed immunoelectrophoresis (RCIE). Cryoprecipitate and vWF concentrate were obtained from the plasma of a severe vWD patient, that on RCIE had only the more anodic forms. The sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) agarose analysis evidences the presence of the main bands, a relative increase of the smaller forms and a lesser definition of some minor bands. These findings suggest the possibility of structural abnormalities in severe vWD. The study of cryoprecipitates could be a means to evidence the presence of multimers and the extent of the eventual pattern variability. PMID- 3499367 TI - [Defects in killer T-lymphocytes as a cause of endogenous Candida albicans endophthalmitis]. PMID- 3499366 TI - The dsRNA of Trichomonas vaginalis is associated with virus-like particles and does not correlate with metronidazole resistance. AB - Twelve metronidazole-resistant and twelve metronidazole-susceptible strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were tested for the presence of dsRNA. Three resistant and five susceptible strains were found to contain dsRNA which indicated that metronidazole resistance does not correlate with the absence of dsRNA. Electron microscopy showed the homogenates of all dsRNA-positive strains to contain virus like particles 32-38 nm in diameter, while no such particles were found in the dsRNA-negative strains. A mutual relationship between the dsRNA and virus-like particles seems to exist. PMID- 3499368 TI - [The problem of student suicide]. AB - This study is a psychiatric survey of the student suicide at the Tokyo University. Counting the cases reported as such to the university administration, a total of 65 students committed suicide during the 20 years from 1962 till 1981. This amounts to a yearly average of 25.6 cases per 100,000 students. A comparison of this quota with that of several Japanese and foreign universities is made. In 1970, the year in which the students unrest at the Japanese universities reached its peak, the frequency of the suicide fell to its all time low. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is proposed. Out of the 65 students who committed suicide, 25 (38%) have at least once visited the psychiatric clinic of the Tokyo University. In view of the high percentage of the mentally disturbed students in the total number of suicides, the importance of measures taken of foster the mental health of the students is stressed for reasons of suicide prophylaxis. The issue in most of these cases was the conflict between the required scholastic accomplishments and the failure of achieving them. The resulting frustration becomes the immediate motive of the suicide. Therefore, a more intensive psychiatric care of such students is recommended especially during the examination season from January till May, when in Japan the students are exposed to the highest psychological stress. Out of 25 mentally disturbed students who ended by committing suicide, 18 revealed their desire to die in a more or less expressed way already during the time of their psychiatric treatment or consultation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499369 TI - [Experimental studies on long-term influence of polychlorinated dibenzofurans on respiratory and immune status (preliminary study)]. PMID- 3499370 TI - Salivary immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor (IR-hEGF) in patients with peptic ulcer disease. AB - EGF is reported to have a potent protective effect on peptic ulcer formation in rats. In this study, we measured the IR-hEGF concentrations in the saliva of normal human subjects and patients with peptic ulcer disease or non-peptic ulcer gastroduodenal disease. In normal subjects, the level of salivary IR-hEGF was highest in the early morning, and the values in individuals on different days showed small variations. There were no sex differences or age-related changes in the salivary IR-hEGF levels. The concentrations of the peptide were lower in patients in the active (0.96 +/- 26 ng/ml, mean +/- SE, n = 4) and healing stages (1.06 +/- 0.24 ng/ml, n = 8) of peptic ulcer disease as compared with those in normal subjects (3.19 +/- 0.46 ng/ml, n = 47). No significant differences in salivary IR-hEGF levels were observed between normal subjects and patients in the scaring stage of peptic ulcer disease (2.40 +/- 0.42 ng/ml, n = 21), or those with gastric cancer (2.44 +/- 0.27 ng/ml, n = 21) and atrophic or superficial gastritis (2.31 +/- 0.34 ng/ml, n = 28). Although the pathophysiological significance of these lower salivary IR-hEGF levels in patients with peptic ulcer disease is unclear, it is possible that the low level of hEGF in saliva may decrease the resistance of the mucosa to physicochemical stress, and thus participate in the development of the diseases. PMID- 3499371 TI - Steroid biosynthesis in human adrenal tumors. AB - Patients with adrenal tumors present with varied clinical features which may be related to differing patterns of adrenal steroidogenesis. To explore the mechanism underlying these differences, we studied the in vitro activities of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD), 17-hydroxylase (17-OH), 21 hydroxylase (21-OH), and 17-20 desmolase (17, 20-D) in 6 adrenal tumors, 4 adenomas and 2 carcinomas. Normal human adrenal tissue was also studied for comparison. Adrenal adenomas had increased 21-OH activity compared with normal adrenal tissue (11.4 +/- 0.7 vs 5.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg prot/min, P less than 0.002) and with adrenal carcinomas (11.4 +/- 0.7 vs 3.3 +/- 0.9 nmol/mg prot/min, P less than 0.001). Carcinomas had reduced 3 beta-HSD, 17-OH and 17,20-D activities when compared to controls, but this did not reach statistical significance. These observations suggest less efficient steroidogenesis by adrenal carcinomas, a finding which may explain the large size of these tumors when the symptoms of hypercortisolism first appear. PMID- 3499372 TI - Immunohistological characterization of malignant lymphomas of the Waldeyer's ring other than the nasopharynx. AB - Among extranodal lymphomas, the Waldeyer's ring is the second most frequently involved site after the gastrointestinal tract. Fresh tissue from 23 consecutive cases of malignant lymphoma of the faucial tonsil, palate and base of tongue were studied histologically and with a panel of 25 monoclonal antibodies. Twenty cases were primary Waldeyer's ring lymphoma, and all were found to express B-cell phenotype. Most cases were classified as diffuse centroblastic lymphoma, polymorphic subtype, in which there were immunoblast-like, centrocyte-like and/or multilobated centroblasts. All except one case expressed all three B-cell lineage antigens CD19, CD20 and CD22, but they showed inconsistent expression of the B cell antigens CD9 and CD24. Four cases lacked surface immunoglobulin. Six cases expressed interleukin-2 receptor, suggesting that they were composed of highly activated B-cells. Three cases represented relapse in the tonsil or tongue in patients with known malignant lymphoma in other sites; one case expressed T-cell and two cases B-cell phenotype (both of which also expressed interleukin-2 receptor). The clinical features and immunohistological findings suggest that Waldeyer's ring lymphomas, other than those of the nasopharynx, share some of the characteristics of 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue' lymphomas. In contrast, nasopharyngeal lymphomas are more related to nasal lymphomas, and are almost exclusively peripheral T-cell neoplasms. PMID- 3499373 TI - A corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist reverses the stress-induced changes of exploratory behavior in mice. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to rats and mice has been shown to elicit a variety of behaviors resembling those that occur in stress. In a novel multicompartment chamber, ICV CRF altered the behaviors in a manner closely resembling that observed following a period of restraint. In particular, 75 ng CRF ICV or 30-40 min restraint markedly reduced the time mice spent in contact with novel stimuli. ICV injections of a peptide antagonist of CRF, alpha-helical CRF9-41 (ahCRF), reversed the effects of restraint on this measure. This effect of ahCRF was dose dependent, with a minimal effective dose of 10 micrograms. Other behavioral measures appeared normal, and ahCRF did not significantly alter the stimulus-contact time in unrestrained mice. These results provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis that endogenous CRF may be a factor affecting stress-induced changes in exploratory behavior in mice. PMID- 3499374 TI - Distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin phenotypes in bladder cancer patients. AB - Frequencies of the alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi) alleles and haptoglobin phenotypes have been determined in a series of 264 North-German patients with bladder cancer. Compared to a healthy control population, we found a statistically significant decrease of Hp 2-2 phenotype in the patient series. A significant increase of the serum Pi Z allele, as previously shown for patient groups with certain other tumours, could also be confirmed for bladder cancer. Furthermore, a distinct association between a lowered M 3 allele and bladder carcinoma was observed. PMID- 3499375 TI - Localization of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in rat respiratory tract tissue: implications for immune function studies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against a range of surface markers were used to localize T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in sections of rat trachea and peripheral lung, employing the immunoperoxidase technique. A population of Ia bearing cells with characteristic DC morphology was identified within the tracheal epithelium, closely associated with the basement membrane, and Ia+ dendritic processes from these cells penetrated the epithelium reaching the overlying fluid layer. A second DC-like population, also Ia+ but differing from the airway DC in expression of other markers, was identified within the alveolar septal walls. Both types of DC were intimately associated with populations of pleiomorphic heterogenously staining macrophages. In addition, a large population of T lymphocytes was identified within the alveolar septa; the lymphocytes occurred as single, isolated cells, distributed randomly throughout the lung parenchyma. PMID- 3499376 TI - Macrophage-neutrophil interactions: contrasting effects of the monokines interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) on human neutrophil adherence. AB - Incubation of human neutrophils with recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) resulted in the suppression of neutrophil adherence. In contrast, similar treatment with recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha, cachectin) resulted in the enhancement of neutrophil adherence. These contrasting effects were noted as early as 5 min after incubation, and persisted for at least 60 min. Simultaneous addition of these two monokines resulted in intermediate values between suppression by IL-1 and enhancement by TNF alpha. The stimulatory effects of the chemotactic peptide FMLP and the phorbol ester PMA were ameliorated by IL-1 but augmented by TNF alpha. The effects of these monokines on neutrophil adherence were abolished by heating but not by polymyxin B treatment, showing that their modulatory properties were not mediated by endotoxin. PMID- 3499377 TI - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the expression of Fc receptors on murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - Experiments were performed to test the postulate that macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) modulates the expression of specific membrane structures on mature murine macrophages. Resident peritoneal macrophages were incubated with M-CSF for 48-72 hr and analysed for Fc receptor and Ia antigen expression. M-CSF treatment of macrophages increased the expression of Fc receptors two- to three-fold over that of unstimulated macrophages. The effect was detected at 1 U/ml of M-CSF, with maximal expression between 100 and 500 U/ml. The specificity of the enhancement was indicated by two sets of experiments. Purified rabbit anti-M-CSF IgG, but not normal rabbit IgG, inhibited the M-CSF-mediated Fc receptor enhancement. Also, a highly purified M-CSF preparation, which was essentially free of endotoxin and interferon, was active in these assays. M-CSF augmented both major types of IgG Fc receptors, FcR I (recognizing IgG 2a) and FcR II (recognizing IgG 2b/IgG1). A second membrane marker, the Ia antigen, was induced by recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) but not by M-CSF. These results indicate that M-CSF is an inducer of two classes of IgG Fc receptors on mature tissue macrophages. PMID- 3499378 TI - Accessory cell functions of dendritic cells and macrophages in the thymic T-cell response to Con A. AB - Accessory cell (A cell) functions of splenic dendritic cells (DC) and peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were investigated in the Con A-stimulated proliferative response of thymic T cells. DC were more efficient as A cells than M phi in respect of their necessary cell numbers, Con A dose and culture period required for optimal response. Con A-pulsed T cells proliferated with the aid of lymphocyte activating factor(s) (LAF) derived from M phi, even in the apparent absence of A cells. Con A-pulsed M phi were superior to unpulsed M phi in the secretion of LAF to induce a high response of Con A-pulsed T cells. A cell activity of M phi in different preparations appeared to parallel the ability to secrete LAF, and was totally abolished by fixation of M phi with paraformaldehyde. The fixation of DC, however, resulted in only a partial reduction of the A cell activity. These results argue that both DC and M phi can serve as A cells in the T-cell response to Con A, but that the mechanism to manifest A cell activity is somewhat different between DC and M phi. PMID- 3499379 TI - The complement fragment C3d facilitates phagocytosis by monocytes. AB - Two receptors for fragments of C3 are described for human monocytes: CR1 and CR3, which bind C3b and iC3b, respectively. Recently a leucocyte receptor that binds C3dg has also been described, designated CR4. We previously reported that IgM sensitized sheep erythrocytes that are heavily coated with C3d (EAC3d) can bind to human monocytes that have been cultured in fetal calf serum (FCS). Here we determine whether such binding of C3d-coated targets can lead to phagocytosis, and identify the specific monocyte receptor involved in C3d binding. We confirm that EAC3d bearing greater than 10,000 C3d/cell bind to FCS-cultured monocytes. Furthermore, using non-cultured monocytes, we demonstrate that C3d enhances rosette formation of IgG-coated E and, like C3b and iC3b, C3d augments IgG Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Less than 100 C3d/cell are capable of enhancing phagocytosis, whereas 10,000 or more C3d/cell are required for rosette formation with cultured cells. These results indicate that the C3d-binding receptor is present on peripheral blood monocytes but has poor affinity for target particles coated only with C3d. Anti-CR2 monoclonal antibodies, which recognize the C3d receptor of lymphocytes, do not block EAC3d rosette formation with monocytes. In contrast anti-Mol, a monoclonal antibody against CR3, inhibits EAC3d rosettes by approximately 42%. Anti-CR1 increases this effect, but complete inhibition is not achieved. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate also markedly reduces EAC3d rosetting, reducing the numbers to less than 5%. Thus, the C3d-binding receptor on monocytes, unlike CR4, is metal dependent. Together these data indicate that CR3 is predominantly responsible for C3d binding to monocytes. PMID- 3499382 TI - Anti-I-A antibody modulation of lymphocyte traffic in hapten-stimulated inbred mice. AB - Injection of the hapten azobenzenearsonate (ABA) under mouse ear skin results in increased weight and accumulation of injected radiolabelled syngeneic lymphocytes in the draining auricular lymph node relative to the contralateral node. Intravenous injection of ABA hapten-coupled spleen cells results in a similar accumulation of labelled cells in recipient spleens. The kinetics, antigen-dose effects and enhancement by priming indicate an active host-initiated lymphocyte trapping response. ABA-induced splenic and nodal trapping and increased lymph node weight were prevented by in vivo administration of anti-I-A monoclonal antibody prior to and coincident with antigen injection. Anti-I-A antibody did not significantly alter traffic of labelled T-enriched lymphocytes in non-antigen draining tissues. PMID- 3499381 TI - Ontogeny and tissue distribution of the chicken Bu-1a antigen. AB - By using a sensitive technique of immunofluorescence on polyethylene glycol embedded tissue sections, we could better determine the distribution of L22+ cells in embryonic and adult chickens. L22 mAb was originally described as reacting with bursa and bursa-derived lymphocytes. We now present evidence to suggest that this mAb also reacts with a subset of macrophages found in bursa, thymus, spleen, liver, intestine and peritoneum. The L22+ cells appear early during embryonic life, simultaneously in yolk sac, bursa, thymus, spleen and bone marrow. At all steps of their ontogeny, thymocytes were L22-, while most, if not all, bursal lymphoid cells were L22+. Moreover, L22 antigen can be detected on haemopoietic cells probably precursors, before and during their entry into the bursal rudiment on Day 9 or 10 of embryonic life. We conclude from these data that L22 is not restricted to the B-cell lineage as it is shared with a subset of macrophages. Furthermore, our observations of L22+ cells during embryonic life favour the hypothesis of separate lineages for B-cell and T-cell precursors in chick embryo, which was previously put forward on the basis of different sets of experiments. PMID- 3499380 TI - Immune responses in newly developed short-lived SAM mice. I. Age-associated early decline in immune activities of cultured spleen cells. AB - Using a cell culture system, age-associated changes in immune activities were investigated in newly developed, short-lived mouse strains. These SAM-P strains of mice (H-2k), which have a remarkably short life span (around 9 months) under conventional breeding conditions, showed an age-associated early decline in several immune functions, as compared to ordinary strains of AKR/J (H-2k) and C3H/He (H-2k) mice. Their antibody-forming capacity to T-independent antigen, DNP Ficoll, and natural killer (NK) cell activity showed a markedly early onset of regression and a sharp decline from the level of control mice at 2 months of age. SAM-P strains of mice have a profound defect in antibody response to a T dependent (TD) antigen, such as sheep red blood cells (SRBC), thus there was only a feeble antibody response to SRBC as early as the age of 2 months, and a negligible response at a later age. In contrast, the allo-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response of the mice was as high as that of control mouse strains at 2 months of age and declined little until at least 6 months of age. The early age-related functional decline in the immune system of SAM-P mice suggests that these new inbred strains are appropriate models for investigating the age-related appearance of immune dysfunctions. PMID- 3499383 TI - Characterization of the immune mediator of rapid expulsion of Trichinella spiralis in suckling rats. AB - In order to identify and characterize the mediator(s) of rapid expulsion, infant rats were passively immunized against oral challenge with 200 infectious Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of secretions or sera from infected rats. Milk whey from infected dams provided a modest level of protection when fed to pups. Immunoglobulins from T. spiralis-infected rat serum protected suckling pups when injected intravenously (i.v.) into lactating dams 2 days prior to pup challenge. Intraperitoneal injection of pups with serum immunoglobulins also enabled them to express rapid expulsion. The protective component of serum was precipitated with 40% (NH4)2SO4 and was not affected by heating to 56 degrees, although antibodies mediating passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were inactivated by both treatments. Oral transfer of biliary immunoglobulins collected from infected rats at various times during a primary infection provided no protection to pups. However, serum immunoglobulins from rats infected for 42 days or longer transferred rapid expulsion to pups. Absorption of protective serum immunoglobulins with subclass specific reagents revealed that IgG1 played a significant role in protection. PMID- 3499385 TI - Macrophage functions during dengue virus infection: antigenic stimulation of B cells. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the function of dengue type 2 virus (DV) infected mouse peritoneal macrophages (M phi) regarding the antigenic stimulation of B lymphocytes of the spleen. It was observed that a variable proportion of M luminal diameter show DV-specific immunofluorescent antigen, which depended upon the route of administration of the virus, being higher in i.p.-inoculated mice and in vitro-infected M luminal diameter monolayers. The DV-infected M luminal diameter presented the DV antigen to B cells in vitro and in vivo, leading to their clonal expansion as shown by counting the virus-specific IgM antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC). The PFC response depended upon the number of DV infected M luminal diameter. The antigen was presented equally well both by I-A negative and I-A-positive M luminal diameter. Superimposition of a heterologous antigen (Coxsackie B4 virus) in a Mackaness type of experiment depressed the capacity of M luminal diameter to present both the homologous as well as heterologous antigen. PMID- 3499384 TI - Kinetics of cell-mediated immunity developing during the course of Leishmania major infection in 'healer' and 'non-healer' mice: progressive impairment of response to and generation of interleukin-2. AB - Leishmania major (L. major)-infected mice of 'non-healer' (BALB/c) and 'healer' (C57BL/6) mouse-strain origin were studied with regard to the kinetics of cell mediated immunity developing during the course of the disease. Cells obtained from lymph nodes draining L. major-infected footpads were comparatively analysed for their representation in the respective L3T4+, Lyt-2+ and sIg+ lymphocyte subsets; they were studied for their capacity to release interleukin-2 and to proliferate in response to L. major antigen and concanavalin A, including the determination of the frequencies of T cells proliferating antigen-specifically with or without an exogenous source of IL-2. The data obtained indicate L. major infection-induced long-lasting alterations in the cellular composition of the lymph node in both 'healer' and 'non-healer' mice. Moreover, they suggest that the inability of 'non-healer' mice to recover from L. major infection is associated with a progressive impairment of their lymph node T cells to release interleukin-2 in the culture supernatant and to respond to this lymphokine in vitro. PMID- 3499387 TI - Immunologic unresponsiveness in leprosy is mediated by modulation of E-receptor. AB - By using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with OKT3 and OKT11 monoclonal antibodies, the percentage of CD2 positive cells was found to be reduced in the peripheral blood of bacterial index positive lepromatous leprosy patients; however, in these patients, CD3 positive cells were at the normal level. Further CD2 positive cells attained the normal proportion in lepromatous patients when mycobacterial load was reduced. Both CD2 and CD3 receptors were expressed at the normal level in tuberculoid leprosy patients. Prior treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls with Mycobacterium leprae significantly decreased the percentage of CD2 but not CD3 positive cells. Such a modulation of CD2 on T cells also resulted in blocking the lymphoproliferative response induced by mitogen and antigen. These results suggest that there is a strong correlation between CD2 modulation and immunologic unresponsiveness in leprosy. PMID- 3499386 TI - Study of the DBA/2Ha immunodeficiency: X-chromosome mosaicism and in vivo immunoresponses. AB - DBA/2Ha mice have an X-chromosome-linked immunodeficiency and lack the receptor to a TRF (T cell replacing factor) on a subpopulation of B cells. Their immunodeficiency is considered to resemble that of CBA/N, another X-chromosome linked immunodeficiency. To facilitate direct comparisons of the two immunodeficiencies and to study the in vivo manifestations of DBA/2Ha immunodeficiency, we measured phenotypes and functions of B cells of DBA/2Ha mice. We found that the expression of sIgM among B cells is normal in DBA/2Ha mice, heterozygous females equally express both affected and normal B cell subpopulations, and DBA/2Ha mice respond well to a TI-2 antigen (TNP-Ficoll) and a polyclonal activator (LPS). Unlike CBA/N, DBA/2Ha mice demonstrate very little in vivo immunodeficiencies. PMID- 3499388 TI - T cell subsets in acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis cases. AB - T cell subsets were studied in 45 patients, 15 each of acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart diseases, and acute glomerulonephritis and compared with 10 normal control in the same age group. A significant depression in the OKT1 and OKT4 +ve cells and insignificant increase in the OKT8 +ve cells was noted in all these groups of cases. PMID- 3499389 TI - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide suppresses the expression of lipoprotein lipase in murine macrophages: a process independent of tumor necrosis factor or interleukin 1. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates macrophage functions and induces the synthesis and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in these cells. The latter two factors but not LPS suppress lipoprotein lipase (LPL) synthesis and secretion in adipocytes. Since the regulation of LPL secretion in macrophages is rather poorly understood, we investigated the effect of the macrophage activator LPS on LPL secretion by macrophages. LPS suppressed in a dose- and time-dependent manner the heparin-induced secretion of LPL from the macrophage-like tumor cell line J774.1 and from bone marrow derived mononuclear phagocytes (BMM). Suppression of LPL secretion from J774.1 and that from BMM reached about 66 and 50%, respectively, within 8 h of exposure to 500 ng/ml LPS. LPS did not inhibit the enzymic activity of LPL when added directly to the cell free enzyme assay system. Human recombinant TNF (1000 U/ml) and murine recombinant IL-1 (100 U/ml) did not affect LPL secretion or cell proliferation in the J774.1 cell line over a period of 72 and 24 h, respectively. Thus LPS regulates macrophage secretion of LPL in a mechanism independent of the induction of autocrine production of TNF and IL-1, and possesses a disparate pattern of regulation to that expressed by adipose tissue cells. PMID- 3499390 TI - The effects of metallic tin on background plaque-forming cells, immunoglobulins and the immune response. AB - Inoculation of metallic tin powder into Lewis rats resulted in marked enlargement of the draining lymph nodes. Plasma cells were the major contributors to the increase in cell mass. Certain immunologic aspects of this plasma cell lymphadenopathy were investigated. Immunoglobulin isotypes were distinguished and quantitated by fluorescence immunocytochemistry and rocket electrophoresis of lymph node extracts. Background plaque-forming cells directed against sheep red blood cells were increased. Specific activity was highest 4 days after inoculation of tin. Lymph nodes and spleen continued to increase in cell number so that total background activity attained a maximum at 14 days after inoculation of tin. Tin was a good adjuvant for plaque-forming cells in lymph nodes and for serum agglutinins (primary and secondary responses) when the rats were immunized with sheep red blood cells, even when the antigen was injected at a remote site. The plasma cell response to tin may be due to local polyclonal activation. PMID- 3499391 TI - Study of CTL and LAK contacts to target cells after treatment with mitomycin C and adriamycin. AB - We tried to understand the role of Mitomycin C and Adriamycin in the increased killing of target cells by Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and lymphokine activated killers (LAK). For this purpose, we used an objective method allowing quantitative evaluation of the roughness of cell contours on electron micrographs. We compared the folding of the membranes of LAK and CTL as well as conjugated targets exposed to different treatments. We demonstrated first that CTL and LAK displayed similar morphological patterns: the killer cells were more villous than targets in the free areas, and second that the former cells exhibited significant smoothing on the areas of contact with these targets. These results suggest that the binding process (as distinct from the recognition step) is dependent on killer properties which are the same in CTL, LAK and probably NK cells. PMID- 3499392 TI - Incidence of isoniazid-induced antinuclear antibodies in patients of tuberculosis. PMID- 3499393 TI - Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 3499394 TI - Significance of the Lf content of diphtheria toxoid as a guide to its immunogenic value in DPT vaccine. PMID- 3499395 TI - Restoration of normal febrile response to endotoxin in pyrogen-tolerant rabbits by injection with human beta interferon. AB - Early-phase pyrogen tolerance was induced in rabbits by two consecutive daily injections of 125 ng of endotoxin per kg of body weight. The second injection of the same dose of endotoxin evoked only a monophasic fever with a peak response 1.5 h after the injection; no second peak was observed. The rabbits were released from the tolerance to develop a typical biphasic fever by an injection of 125 ng of endotoxin along with human beta interferon (HuIFN-beta), although the tolerance-inducing amount of endotoxin alone could not. The profile of the febrile response of tolerant rabbits injected with both endotoxin and HuIFN-beta could not be distinguished from that of normal rabbits. There was no essential difference between natural and recombinant HuIFN-beta in breaking tolerance. Heat stable (70 degrees C, 30 min) endogenous pyrogen or tumor necrosis factor was increased significantly in concentration in the serum of tolerance-broken rabbits. These results suggest that HuIFN-beta stimulates the production of tumor necrosis factor in tolerant rabbits to elicit the second peak of febrile response. PMID- 3499396 TI - Genetic and phenotypic diversity among ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase producing, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates. AB - Levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity among 23 ampicillin-resistant, non beta-lactamase-producing (Ampr NBLP) isolates of serologically nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae recovered from the respiratory tract were determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, auxotroph testing in chemically defined media, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Twenty distinctive multilocus enzyme genotypes were identified, among which the average level of genetic diversity per locus was equivalent to that in the species as a whole. Hence, a single, recent origin for Ampr NBLP strains is excluded. Of the growth factors tested, a requirement for methionine was significantly associated with the Ampr NBLP phenotype. In contrast to the relative homogeneity of the PBP profiles of the ampicillin-susceptible strains tested (8 PBPs detected), the PBP profiles of the Ampr NBLP strains exhibited marked heterogeneity (5 to 10 PBPs detected). Care should be taken in interpreting changes in PBP profiles and in associating these profiles with resistance for species such as H. influenzae that demonstrate variability. PMID- 3499397 TI - Protection of infant rats from Haemophilus influenzae type b infection by antiserum to purified outer membrane protein a. AB - Protein a (46,000 molecular weight [46K]) was purified from outer membranes of Haemophilus influenzae type b by a relatively simple procedure. Spontaneously shed outer membranes from a 24-h, 12-liter culture of an unencapsulated variant of strain Eag were combined with outer membranes released from the cells by Tris buffer and extracted with the nonionic detergent octylpolyoxyethylene. The extract was then subjected to open column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and Trisacryl-carboxymethyl to yield 7.5 mg of protein a from 180 mg of outer membrane protein. Approximately 99% of the protein in this preparation was protein a; in addition, the preparation contained 1.25% (wt/wt) lipopolysaccharide and had a residual detergent/protein ratio of 1.6:1 (wt/wt). Antibodies to the preparation were induced in rabbits by using alum as an adjuvant. As determined by immunoblotting, the great preponderance of antibodies induced were specific for protein a. However, very low levels of antibodies to several other outer membrane components, which were not apparent on gels of the pure preparation of protein a, were also induced. Preimmune and postimmune sera, after depletion of antibodies to capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide, were tested for biological activity against H. influenzae type b. Compared with preimmune serum, postimmune serum was bactericidal in vitro against strain Eag (the only strain tested) and offered significant protection (P less than 0.01) to infant rats against infection by all four strains tested, two of which had a protein a that was larger (47K) than the 46K protein a in the preparation. These results indicate that protein a should be considered as a vaccine to prevent H. influenzae type b disease. PMID- 3499398 TI - Effect of complement depletion on anticapsular-antibody-mediated immunity to experimental infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Antibody to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was not protective in infant rats depleted of complement by cobra venom factor (CoVF) even when serum antibody levels were many times the minimum protective level. Partial protection from Hib infection was achieved in CoVF-treated rats only if they were passively hyperimmunized with large doses of immunoglobulin G Hib capsular polysaccharide antibody. In addition, nonimmune CoVF-treated rats had higher mortality and blood bacterial density than nonimmune rats with intact complement systems. PMID- 3499400 TI - Interleukin-2-stimulated natural killer activity against malignant and benign endometrium. AB - Natural cell-mediated immunity against autologous tumor cells, autologous endometrial epithelium, and allogeneic epidermoid carcinoma cell line HeLa was tested in 8 patients with endometrial carcinoma and one patient with endometrial stromal sarcoma. The average cytotoxicity of unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes against autologous tumor and HeLa cells was weak but significant. Pretreatment of effector cells for 3-5 days with 300 U/ml recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) resulted in increased cytotoxicity against malignant target cells in 7 out of 9 cases. The 2 patients' effector cells which were refractory to rIL-2 could be stimulated to appreciable lytic activity against the malignant target cells with a recently described cytokine which induces morphological differentiation of natural killer cells. Benign endometrial cells were weakly sensitive to rIL-2-activated lysis in 2 cases. The precursors of the rIL-2 activated killer cells were mostly CD16-positive and CD3-negative, and co sedimented with endogenous natural killer cells in discontinuous density gradient centrifugations. These results indicate the rIL-2-activated killer cells have a capacity to distinguish between normal and malignant endometrial cells, and that the precursors of the lytic cells in this system belong to the same subpopulation of lymphocytes as endogenous natural killer cells. In addition, rIL-2 alone may not in all cases be sufficient for optimal generation of cytotoxicity against malignant cells. PMID- 3499399 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in haemophiliacs at HIV seroconversion and during follow up. AB - Immunoglobulins and aminotransferases were followed in 66 haemophilia patients and 13 von Willebrand patients over a six-year period. The results were correlated to HIV serology and lymphocyte subsets. Elevated IgG levels were found in 29/53 patients with haemophilia A, 2/13 with haemophilia B and in 0/13 with von Willebrand's disease. Elevated IgA and IgM levels were seen in 20% and 27% of the patients respectively, with a distribution similar to the elevated IgG levels, except that elevated IgA and IgM levels were also seen in 4/13 patients with von Willebrand's disease. Patients with HIV antibodies had significantly higher immunoglobulin levels than seronegative patients, and this elevation occurred in connection with seroconversion in the majority of the former. The IgG levels could not be correlated to the T4 cell count, but there has been a trend to less clinical symptoms related to HIV infection among those with stable IgG levels during the past few years. No correlation was found between elevated IgG levels and the aminotransferase levels, nor was any correlation found with the amount of blood coagulation factor concentrate given to the patients. The elevation of immunoglobulins observed in our haemophiliacs is multifactorial, but HIV infection is maybe the most important mechanism. The longitudinal IgG pattern may contribute to the prediction of the clinical outcome of this infection. PMID- 3499401 TI - Regulation of cell-surface receptors for hematopoietic differentiation-inducing protein MGI-2 on normal and leukemic myeloid cells. AB - The normal myeloid hematopoietic regulatory proteins include 4 different growth inducing proteins (IL-3, MGI-1GM = GM-CSF, MGI-1G = G-CSF, and MGI-1M = M-CSF = CSF-1). There is also another type of normal myeloid regulatory protein (MGI-2) with no MGI-1 (CSF or IL-3) activity, which can induce differentiation of normal myeloid precursors and certain clones of myeloid leukemic cells. Studies on the binding of MGI-2 to differentiation-competent (D+) and differentiation-defective (D-) clones of mouse myeloid leukemic cells and to normal cells indicate that: (1) D+ clones of myeloid leukemic cells had about 2,500 high-affinity surface receptors per cell, like mature normal myeloid cells, and the bound MGI-2 was rapidly internalized with its cell-surface receptors at 37 degrees C causing down regulation of MGI-2 receptors in both the normal and leukemic cells; (2) in some D- clones, the number and internalization of MGI-2 receptors were similar to those of D+ clones whereas other D- clones had only 0-100 MGI-2 receptors per cell; (3) normal thymus and lymph-node lymphocytes and T lymphoma cells did not show detectable MGI-2 receptors; (4) there was an independent expression of receptors for MGI-2 and for the 4 myeloid growth-inducing proteins on different clones of myeloid leukemic cells; and (5) none of the 4 myeloid growth-inducing proteins IL-3, MGI-1GM, MGI-1G, or MGI-1M, inhibited binding of MGI-2 to its receptors. The cytotoxic proteins lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor did not induce differentiation of the mouse myeloid leukemic cells and also did not inhibit binding of MGI-2 to its receptors. These results show that the myeloid differentiation-inducing protein MGI-2 binds to cell-surface receptors that are different from the receptors for the 4 myeloid growth-inducing proteins and these cytotoxic proteins. PMID- 3499402 TI - Biochemical characterization of crystallins from frog lenses. AB - Lens crystallins were isolated from the homogenate of frog (Rana catesbeiana) eye lenses by gel permeation chromatography and characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and circular dichroism. Four well-defined fractions corresponding to alpha/beta-, beta-, frog 39.5 kDa and gamma-crystallins comprising the relative weight percentages in the total soluble cytoplasmic proteins of 18%, 15%, 14% and 48% respectively were obtained. The native molecular masses for each purified fraction were determined to be 432, 207, 40 and 23 kDa, respectively. The polypeptide compositions as determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed the typical subunit structures of mammalian crystallins with the exception of 39.5 kDa monomeric crystallin, which has not been shown in other classes of vertebrate lenses. The spectra of circular dichroism indicate a predominant beta-sheet structure in all four fractions, which also bears a resemblance to the secondary structure of mammalian crystallins. Comparison of the amino acid compositions of frog crystallins with those of mammalian and fish crystallins suggests that gamma-crystallin from the frog is more closely related to that of porcine than fish crystallins, and the frog 39.5 kDa, frog beta- and lamprey 48 kDa crystallins are probably mutually interrelated. PMID- 3499403 TI - [Miocamycin in ambulatory dental surgical practice]. PMID- 3499404 TI - Oral Zn-DTPA therapy for reducing 141Ce retention in suckling rats. AB - In neonatal rats DTPA reduced the intestinal retention of cerium ingested as an additive in its chloride form to milk. It also reduced retention of absorbed cerium. A similar decrease of cerium retention in gut and whole body was obtained after simultaneous or 24 hours' delayed DTPA administration. PMID- 3499405 TI - Effects of the chemical forms and valency states of neptunium on its jejunal transfer in the rat. AB - The transfer of various Np(IV) and Np(V) chemical forms across the small intestine of rats was measured in instilled and perfused jejunum. Instillation of Np(V) nitrate together with citrate or DTPA resulted in the same absorption of Np as after instillation of Np(V) nitrate alone (3 per cent per hour). Perfusion of Np(V) nitrate with bicarbonate or DTPA resulted in a similar transfer (2 per cent) but added citrate or ascorbate resulted in reduced transfer (0.8 per cent). Addition of phytate reduced Np transfer in both instilled and perfused jejunum (0.4 per cent). Np(IV) transfer was usually the same as, or less than that of, the corresponding Np(V) forms. Np(IV) transfer was similar in perfused and instilled jejunum, increasing from 0.2 per cent in the presence of citrate and phytate, to 1 per cent with EDTA and DTPA. Except for phytate, all the forms of Np(V) tested behaved like Np(V) nitrate after transfer from the intestine or after intravenous injection. By contrast, the behaviour of Np(IV) varied for all the forms tested and, for a given form, varied as a function of the experimental procedure used, i.e. jejunal instillation, perfusion, or intravenous injection. These findings suggest that the intestinal transfer of Np might occur via the intercellular pathway, and that it is controlled by both the molecular weight of the Np compound and its stability constant. PMID- 3499407 TI - The induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes by low doses of radiation. AB - The appearance of micronuclei (MN) is delayed with respect to cell division in populations of irradiated human lymphocytes, so that the length of time in culture, as well as the number of divisions, is a factor in MN assays. Using two assays that control for cell kinetics, we measured the yield of cells with MN exposed to graded doses of 60Co gamma rays and 90KVP X-rays. The yields showed a non-linear increase with dose. They can be represented by two straight lines: the one in the range below 0.15 Gy has a slight slope, the other in the range above 0.15 Gy has a significantly greater slope. The radical scavengers cysteamine and glycerol, which reduced the MN yields sharply at 3 Gy, were less effective at 0.3 Gy, indicating that terminal deletions arising from the direct ionization of DNA are a major source of the MN induced by low radiation doses. It is likely that the non-linear dose response is due to the saturation of a DNA repair process. PMID- 3499406 TI - Long-term effects of low-level 239Pu contamination on murine bone-marrow stem cells and their progeny. AB - The effects of long-term internal contamination with 13.3 kBq kg-1 239Pu injected intravenously were studied in 10-week-old ICR (SPF) female mice. Radiosensitivity of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and 125IUdR incorporating into proliferating cells of vertebral bone marrow and spleens were determined in plutonium-treated and control animals one year after nuclide injection. The CFU-S in 239Pu-treated mice were more sensitive to X-rays (D0 = 0.52 +/- 0.01 Gy) than in controls (D0 = 0.84 +/- 0.02 Gy). 125IUdR incorporation into bone marrow and spleen cells was reduced after plutonium contamination. At one year following plutonium injection, the occurrence of chromosome aberrations was evaluated in metaphase figures of femoral bone marrow cells. The frequency of aberrations increased early after plutonium treatment, at later intervals it tended to decrease but not below the control level. While the relative numbers of vertebral marrow CFU-S decreased significantly, but only to 86 per cent of normal, cellularity of vertebral bone marrow, peripheral blood counts and survival of 239Pu-treated mice did not differ from the control data. PMID- 3499408 TI - Effect of cell-cycle position and dose on the kinetics of DNA double-strand breakage repair in X-irradiated Chinese hamster cells. AB - The kinetics of DNA double-strand breakage (d.s.b.) repair in X-irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells were found to be affected by cell-cycle position. In mitotic cells, the repair kinetics were monophasic with a half-time value of about 32 min, whilst in G1, S, or asynchronous cultures, the kinetics were biphasic with half-time values of around 2.7 and 27 min. The repair of DNA single strand breakage (s.s.b) was also shown to be slower in mitotic than in interphase cells. The DNA d.s.b. repair system, in both mitotic and interphase cells, showed no evidence of saturation within the X-ray dose range covered. The implications of these findings for the mechanism of DNA d.s.b. repair and for models of ionizing radiation action are discussed. PMID- 3499409 TI - Single-strand breaks can lead to complex configurations of plasmid DNA in vitro. AB - DNA species which migrate extremely slowly in agarose gel electrophoresis may be formed from plasmid DNA containing radiation-induced single-strand breaks (ssbs). Postirradiation heat treatment in low ionic strength buffer and subsequent incubation with Mg2+ strongly enhanced the formation of these species. Electron micrographs taken after such treatment show numerous complex configurations containing DNA material from several plasmid molecules. Less extreme formation of slowly migrating DNA occurred without postirradiation heat treatment or Mg2+ incubation when the DNA was co-precipitated with calcium phosphate in a physiologically balanced buffer and incubated under conditions used for DNA mediated gene transfer. The data suggest that homologous pairing between single stranded regions formed in relation to ssbs may contribute to cohesion between different molecules. The significance of the cohesion process for gene transfer experiments and cellular radiation effects is discussed. PMID- 3499410 TI - Pulse radiolytic study of the interaction of SO4.- with deoxynucleosides. Possible implications for direct energy deposition. AB - Using the technique of pulse radiolysis it has been demonstrated that the interaction of SO4.- with deoxynucleosides (k approximately less than 2 X 10(8) 2.3 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1) in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 results in the formation of the corresponding one-electron oxidized radicals which either deprotonate or hydrate to yield OH adducts. Based upon the ease of oxidation of the deoxynucleosides, dG, dA, dC, dT, by SO4.-, the apparent redox potentials are in the order dG much greater than dA approximately equal to dC greater than dT. With the exception of deoxyuridine, the deoxynucleoside radicals produced on interaction with SO4.- have been shown to have oxidizing properties based upon the interactions with tetranitromethane and the nitroxyls, TMPN and NPPN. The deoxynucleoside radicals (dG, dA and dC) do not interact with oxygen (k less than 10(6) dm3 mol-1 s-1) in contrast to the interaction observed with the thymidine radical (k = 2.5 X 10(7) dm3 mol-1 s-1). The implications of these findings are presented in terms of the properties of the discussed radicals as relating to those of potential DNA base radicals (positive centres) produced by direct energy deposition within DNA. The use of SO4.- to mimic, to some extent, the effects of direct energy deposition in DNA may assist in our understanding of the resulting molecular processes relevant to radiobiological studies. PMID- 3499411 TI - On the reaction of molecular oxygen with thiyl radicals: a re-examination. AB - Absolute rate constants for the addition of oxygen to thiyl radicals, i.e. RS. + O2----RSOO., have been determined by applying a new competition method based on RS. formation via one-electron reduction of the corresponding disulphides, and the competition between RS. reacting with O2 and an electron donor such as ascorbate. Bimolecular rate constants have been obtained for the thiyl radicals derived from cysteine (6.1 X 10(7) mol-1 dm3 s-1), penicillamine (2.5 X 10(7) mol 1 dm3 s-1), homocysteine (8.0 X 10(7) mol-1 dm3 s-1), cysteamine (2.8 X 10(7) mol 1 dm3 s-1), 3-thiopropionic acid (2.2 X 10(8) mol-1 dm3 s-1) and glutathione (3.0 X 10(7) mol-1 dm3 s-1), respectively. The values obtained for the O2 addition to the thiyl radicals from glutathione and cysteine are considerable lower (by about two orders of magnitude) than those previously published. This indicates that the RS. + O2 reaction may be of complex nature and is generally a process which is not solely controlled by the diffusion of the reactants. PMID- 3499412 TI - Membrane fatty acid composition and radiation response of Bp8 sarcoma ascites tumour cells. AB - The radiation response of Bp8 sarcoma ascites tumour cells with differences in membrane fatty acid composition was studied. The cells were grown i.p. in NMRI mice and their membrane composition was changed in response to different dietary regimes provided to the host animals. Three diets that differed only with regard to the source of fatty acids, i.e. sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, hydrogenated lard and a fourth commercially available standard laboratory diet, were given to the mice for different lengths of time, before implantation of the tumour cells. The time course for the dietary regimes to induce different levels of changes in membrane fatty acid composition of the ascites cells was established. The evaluation of the radiosensitivity of cells with different membrane fatty acid composition was done in vitro. Cell survival, expressed by D0, varied only insignificantly between the four dietary groups, while their repair capacity (Dq and n) differed significantly. Increased repair capacity was observed for ascites cells grown in animals on diets enriched in sunflower seed oil and coconut oil, compared with cells from mice fed the hydrogenated lard diet or from cells from the control animals. The membrane fatty acid composition of the cells from the two dietary groups with increased levels of repair capacity differed extensively, and in general there was no correlation observed between radiation response and the membrane fatty acid composition of the four dietary groups studied. For two of the dietary groups, coconut oil and control, with marked differences in membrane fatty acid composition, the effects of irradiation on ascites tumour growth rate and cell cycle distribution were followed in vivo. For none of these parameters was an effect of membrane fatty acid composition on radiation response observed. PMID- 3499414 TI - Netherlands Radiobiological Society. Abstracts. Utrecht, The Netherlands, 9 January 1987. PMID- 3499413 TI - Absence of synergistic enhancement of non-thermal effects of ultrasound on cell killing induced by ionizing radiation. AB - The present study was performed to elucidate the role of non-thermal effects (cavitation and direct effects) of ultrasound, in simultaneous combination with X irradiation on the cytotoxicity of mouse L cells. Firstly, mouse L cells were exposed to X-rays and ultrasound (1 MHz continuous wave, spatial peak temporal average intensity; 3.7 W/cm2) simultaneously at 37 degrees C under O2 or Ar saturated conditions to examine the cavitational effect of ultrasound. Secondly, cells were exposed to X-rays and ultrasound at 37 degrees C under N2O saturated conditions, which suppresses the cavitation, to examine the direct effects of ultrasound. The cavitational effect under O2 and Ar saturated conditions induced an exponential decrease in cell survival, and resulted in an additive effect on cell killing with the combination of X-rays and ultrasound. The direct effect in the N2O conditions induced no cell killing and did not modify the cell killing induced by X-rays. These results suggested that the non-thermal effects of ultrasound did not interact synergistically with X-rays for cell killing. PMID- 3499415 TI - Accessory cell function of the endothelial cell: its role in the cellular immune response. AB - We have proposed a hypothesis in which vascular endothelial cells, rather than or in addition to bone-marrow-derived cells, play an integral part in the antigen presentation event of cell-mediated immune phenomena including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Previously we have shown that a DTH ear-swelling response can be adoptively transferred in rats, using as few as 2 x 10(7) in vitro conditioned immune spleen cells. The transfer is antigen-specific, requiring the same sensitizing antigen in both the in vitro conditioning step and in the ear test challenge. Adoptive transfer is also genetically restricted by alleles of the RT-1 region of the rat, requiring histocompatibility between immune donor cells and the naive recipient. In additional experiments, F1 to parental bone marrow chimaeras were constructed such that the bone-marrow-derived cells and the non-bone-marrow-derived cells were of different RT-1 allotypes. When these chimaeras were used as adoptive transfer recipients, the transfer of DTH was possible only if the immune donor cells and the recipient non-bone-marrow-derived cells shared a common RT-1 haplotype, regardless of a shared haplotype with the bone-marrow-derived cells. These results point to a critical role for non-bone marrow-derived cells (endothelial cells) in the DTH inflammatory response. PMID- 3499417 TI - Characteristic ERG-flicker anomaly in incomplete congenital stationary night blindness. AB - Ten patients with the incomplete type of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) were examined with a 30 Hz flicker electroretinogram (ERG). After 30 min of dark adaptation, 30 Hz flicker ERG was recorded continuously for 12-15 min under white background illumination. All patients showed an exaggerated increase of amplitude and a universal characteristic change of wave shape as the light adaptation progressed. Thirty normal subjects also showed increased amplitude during light adaptation, but the increase in amplitude was significantly less than in incomplete-type CSNB, and there was little change in wave shape. The same procedure was applied to patients with complete-type CSNB, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital retinoschisis, cone dystrophy, and Oguchi's disease; neither the exaggerated increase of amplitude nor the wave change was seen. Our results indicate that incomplete-type CSNB is a newly identified cone-rod dysfunction syndrome with a special functional property. PMID- 3499416 TI - Survey on testing criteria and reporting methods for human immunodeficiency virus serologic tests in Veterans Administration Medical Centers. AB - Guidelines for the indications for use, requirements for consent, and mechanisms for reporting of serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are not standardized. In trying to establish such guidelines for our hospital, we surveyed all Veterans Administration Medical Centers regarding their current approach to testing both patients and employees. Infection control practitioners from 67 hospitals representing 37 states responded. Patients are likely to be tested for diverse reasons, unlikely to be counseled about the test or be required to consent to it, and test results are given no special precautions. Although 66% of the respondents do not use any extra precautions concerning patient confidentiality, 80% utilize more stringent criteria for testing and result-reporting with employees than patients. Thus, while the majority of hospitals maintain that current modes of confidentiality are acceptable for patients, practice suggests that these modes are considered inadequate for employees. PMID- 3499418 TI - Acoustic neuroma: a benign condition? PMID- 3499419 TI - Immunologic analysis of Mycoplasma arthritidis surface proteins. AB - LEW rats experimentally infected with Mycoplasma arthritidis failed to express metabolism inhibition (MI) antibodies. Our hypothesis was that rats failed to immunologically recognize the antigens responsible for eliciting those antibodies. LEW rats, injected i.v. with M. arthritidis, recognized only two low MW surface antigens by radioimmunoprecipitation by 1 week after injection. However, by 6 weeks these rats recognized most of the same M. arthritidis surface antigens by Western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation as were recognized by immunized rabbits. The most important exception was a 47-to 50-kDa (kilodalton) surface protein that was antigenic only for rabbits. We had previously produced two monoclonal antibodies with MI activity that recognized two distinct M. arthritidis epitopes. However, neither of these corresponded to the antigen that rats failed to recognize, and LEW rats produced IgG antibodies against both monoclonal antibody-defined "MI antigens." Therefore, the failure of rats to express MI activity against M. arthritidis remains unexplained. PMID- 3499420 TI - Specific vs. nonspecific immune responses in murine respiratory mycoplasmosis. AB - Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM), due to Mycoplasma pulmonis, is a chronic respiratory disease in laboratory rats. LEW and F344 rats differ in the severity and progression of disease. LEW rats develop more severe disease than do F344 rats. Also, F344 rats are able to resolve lung and middle ear lesions, but the severity of these lesions in LEW rats continues to increase. LEW lymphocytes produce higher responses in vitro to various mitogens, including M. pulmonis mitogen, than do F344 lymphocytes; this difference is apparently due to higher levels of T-helper cells in LEW rats. The level of infiltration or expansion of mononuclear cells in the submucosa probably depends upon the host's ability to respond to nonspecific stimuli. In contrast to nonspecific responses, F344 rats produce a much higher specific antibody and cellular response to M. pulmonis antigens after immunization, suggesting that F344 rats, in contrast to LEW rats, are able to resolve lesions because they are able to mount an effective immune response to M. pulmonis. PMID- 3499421 TI - Secondary intratracheal infection of mice with Mycoplasma pulmonis generates IgG1 memory B cells. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis, a rodent respiratory pathogen, was used to study the immune response in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and other lymphoid tissues. Infection of BALB/c mice intratracheally (i.t.) with M. pulmonis results in an increased frequency of antigen-sensitive B cells at the site of priming. Upon secondary i.t. challenge, the frequency of antigen-specific B cells rises significantly in BALT, in peripheral blood and, to a lesser extent, in lymphoid tissues distal to the site of priming, i.e., spleen and Peyer's patches. The predominant isotype of anti-M. pulmonis antibody expressed by clones grown in thymus-dependent splenic fragment cultures from B cells taken from all tissues is IgG1. Elimination of accompanying T cells in inocula from euthymic BALB/c mice or lack of T cells at the time of in vivo priming of athymic mice does not change the isotype profile of clones grown from M. pulmonis-specific B cells. The splenic fragment cultures used to grow these clones do not distort the isotype display towards IgG1 expression, since clones grown from either primed or unprimed B cells of other specificities (i.e., trinitrophenyl--TNP) express any or all isotypes in a variety of combinations. The majority of M. pulmonis specific clonal precursor B cells are sIgG1+/IgD-. All these findings suggest that the potential to give rise to predominantly IgG1-secreting clones in vitro is intrinsic to the M. pulmonis-specific memory B cells primed in vivo. PMID- 3499422 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of nuclear medicine SPECT imaging. AB - SPECT imaging was utilized in 1052 liver/spleen and 338 brain imaging evaluations. In a quality assurance retrospective analysis with clinical and tissue diagnoses, SPECT liver images had a higher correlation than CT or ultrasound. In brain imaging, SPECT matched MRI in correlation and was more sensitive than CT in evaluating the posterior fossa. SPECT was positive earlier than CT in the discovery of cerebral infarcts. In several cases, primary brain tumors were initially diagnosed on SPECT images. SPECT imaging is a cost effective modality. PMID- 3499423 TI - Quantitative SPECT imaging for diagnosis and dosimetry in radionuclide therapy. AB - Effective therapeutic treatment with in vivo administered radioactivity depends on the localization of appropriate concentrations in tissues to be treated. Accurate assessment of both diagnostic and therapeutic concentrations of radiopharmaceuticals is the goal of quantitative SPECT imaging. The technology of SPECT imaging has significantly improved over the past 5 years, and routine quantitation for SPECT users may not be far away. The four operational steps by quantitative SPECT imaging are described, along with technical factors that require further development before it can be used routinely. PMID- 3499424 TI - [Peripheral vestibular vertigo and functional disorders of the craniovertebral joint]. AB - Some vertiginous lesions producing nystagmus (e.g. acute vestibulopathy, benign paroxysmal postural vertigo and Meniere's disease) are well-defined diseases of purely labyrinthine origin. The possible place of a functional disorder of the vertebral joints on their etiology and pathogenesis, has been discussed, but is purely hypothetical. Since the lesion almost always reaches with reduced function of the vestibular apparatus, the course of the disease depends crucially on central compensation of the peripheral disorder of vestibular function. Investigations of the effect of a functional disorder of the vertebral joints on the central compensation of vestibular functional disorders have not been described previously. Our own observations show that a functional disorder of the vertebral joints can crucially impair central compensation of peripheral vestibular vertigo. The pathological mechanism of the impaired compensation is discussed, and diagnostic and therapeutic consequences explained. PMID- 3499425 TI - [Surgical anatomy guidelines for the extended transtemporal approach to the cerebellopontile angle]. AB - The extended middle fossa approach to the cerebello-pontine angle was practiced in ten human temporal bones, and the topographical relations of essential structures were studied by exposure of the bony labyrinth. After identification of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the grey line of the superior semicircular canal landmarks were defined in order to localize the vertical crest (Bill's bar), the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal, the intralabyrinthine part of the facial nerve, the cochlea, and the internal carotid artery. The advantages of the extended middle fossa approach for the preservation of the labyrinthine and cochlear structures together with the safe identification of the facial and cochleo-vestibular nerves are emphasized. PMID- 3499426 TI - Type b Hemophilus influenzae tubo-ovarian abscess with associated bacteremia: report of case. PMID- 3499429 TI - Histiocytosis-X. PMID- 3499428 TI - Suppression of steroid receptor-chromatin interaction by inhibitors present in ammonium sulfate-fractionated rat testicular androgen receptor preparations. AB - Tritiated androgen receptor complex was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 15 to 37% saturation from rat testicular or prostatic cytosols. A greater amount of prostatic tritiated androgen receptor complex bound to rat Sertoli cell chromatin than tritiated testicular androgen receptor complex. However, the testicular androgen receptor complex was more potent in competing for binding of either tritiated androgen receptor complex preparation to the Sertoli cell chromatin. Combining equal amounts of tritiated testicular and prostatic androgen receptor complexes resulted in lower binding than that observed with tritiated prostatic androgen receptor complex alone, while doubling the concentration of tritiated prostatic androgen receptor complex led to a 2 fold increase in binding. It is conceivable that the partially purified testicular androgen receptor complex preparations contain factor(s) that inhibit the binding interaction of tritiated androgen receptor complex with chromatin, while there is no evidence for the presence of such inhibitors in tritiated prostatic androgen receptor complex preparations. Fractionation of testicular cytosol on DEAE-cellulose yielded a flow-through fraction with inhibitory activity and a bound fraction containing tritiated androgen receptor complex that was eluted with 0.3 M KCl and also showed inhibitory activity. These factors also inhibited the binding of tritiated estradiol receptor complex to chromatin. They were non-dialyzable and their inhibitory effect was abolished after heating at 60 C for 30 minutes. It is concluded that ammonium sulfate-fractionated rat testicular androgen receptor complex preparations contain inhibitors of steroid receptor-chromatin interaction. The inhibitory factors can be fractionated into two distinct fractions by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. They are nondialyzable and heat-labile. The precise chemical nature of the postulated inhibitor(s) remains to be determined. PMID- 3499427 TI - Human leukemia cell binding and killing by anti-CD5 radioimmunotoxins. AB - We have synthesized a reagent for antibody directed cell targeting composed of the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) T101 linked to the potent toxin ricin. The immunotoxin (IT) was subsequently radiolabeled by a cyclic anhydride procedure with 90Yttrium (90Y) to construct a radioimmunotoxin (RIT) that may have potential for cancer therapy. We evaluated the reagent for selectivity in binding and protein synthesis inhibition (PSI) assays. The RIT selectively bound antigen positive leukemia T-cell lines, with minimal binding to antigen negative control lines. The IT inhibited 87% or greater protein synthesis activity at 1 microgram/ml and exhibited an IC50 (the dose inhibiting 50% activity) of 0.18 +/- 0.08 microgram/ml in the presence of lactose. RIT and nonlabeled IT showed comparable degrees of PSI at 1 microgram/ml and 10 micrograms/ml, suggesting that labeling had little overall effect on the activity of the immunoconjugate. However, indirect evidence showed that the galactose binding site of ricin was inhibited 10-fold by its exposure to 90Y. Control RIT were minimally inhibitory. IT labeled with 131Iodine (131I) by an iodine monochloride technique also retained its capability to selectively inhibit protein synthesis. When RIT were tested for potency in a clonogenic assay against human leukemia T-cell lines, they inhibited 3.61 logs of tumor cell growth at 10 micrograms/ml. This did not represent an improvement over the log elimination with radiolabeled antibody alone, which showed 4.19 log elimination of tumor cells. Our observation that the 90Y-labeled RIT and labeled antibody can selectively eliminate about four logs of tumor cells in an in vitro clonogenic assay is unique. The ability of RIT to kill several logs of tumor cells in vitro renders RIT interesting anti-tumor reagents. PMID- 3499430 TI - Histiocytosis-X: an overview. AB - This article acts as an overview of this issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. We discuss the several themes that recur in the research and therefore in this issue concerning histiocytosis-X. PMID- 3499431 TI - Evaluating the role of therapy in histiocytosis-X. Clinical studies, staging, and scoring. AB - Histiocytosis-X is a difficult disease on which to perform clinical studies. It is a rare disease, with great clinical heterogeneity. The natural history is characterized by periods of spontaneous disease stabilization, remission, and exacerbation. Clinical care is given by several diverse types of physicians. Several suggestions are made for the optimal design and performance of clinical studies aimed at evaluating potentially new therapies, including the proper identification and use of controls. In addition, a staging system is described, and a comprehensive scoring system is given. This scoring system will allow accurate determination of disease activity, and permit analysis of the clinical effectiveness of any new treatment. PMID- 3499432 TI - A prevalence study of pervasive developmental disorders in North Dakota. PMID- 3499433 TI - Role of cell-surface modulator of DNA synthesis in liver regeneration. AB - A cell-surface modulator of DNA synthesis by cultured rat hepatocytes was studied in relation to the liver regeneration process. When rat hepatocytes isolated 24 h after partial hepatectomy were cultured, the first burst of DNA synthesis peaked at 5-8 h and declined until 24 h, followed by the second burst. Rat liver plasma membranes added 2 h after plating inhibited only the second burst, while in the case of the normal hepatocytes where the DNA synthesis began to increase after 5 h, this inhibition was observed at 16 h but not at 8 h. The inhibition did not differ when the membranes obtained from regenerating livers 12 h after partial hepatectomy were used. Epidermal growth factor binding to the cultured hepatocytes was not hindered by the membranes. These results suggest that the modulator inhibits hepatocyte proliferation at the early G1-phase of the cell cycle and that its action might be controlled by other factors in the process of liver regeneration. PMID- 3499434 TI - Metal binding and metal-induced conformational change of frog bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein. AB - Ca2+ or Cd2+ binding and the conformational change induced by the metal binding in two frog bone Gla-proteins (BGP, termed BGP-1 and BGP-2) were studied by equilibrium dialysis and CD measurement. By CD measurement in the far-ultraviolet region, the alpha-helix content of both apoBGPs was found to be 8%. Binding of both Ca2+ and Cd2+ was accompanied with a change in the CD spectrum, and the alpha-helix content increased to 15 and 25% for BGP-1 and BGP-2, respectively. CD measurement in the near-ultraviolet region indicated that the environment of aromatic amino acid residues in the protein molecule was changed by metal binding. Equilibrium dialysis experiments indicated that each of these two protein binds specifically 2 mol of Ca2+, and nonspecifically an additional 3-4 mol of Ca2+ in 0.02 M Tris-HCl/0.15 M NaCl (pH 7.4), at 4 degrees C. According to the two separate binding sites model, BGP-1 has 1 high-affinity Ca2+ binding site (Kd1 = 0.17 mM) and 1 low-affinity site (Kd2 = 0.29 mM), and BGP-2 contains 1 high-affinity site (Kd1 = 0.14 mM) and 1 low-affinity site (Kd2 = 0.67 mM). In addition, 2 Cd2+ bound to a high-affinity binding site on BGP-1 with Kd1 of 10.4 microM, and 1 Cd2+ bound to a low-affinity binding site with Kd2 of 41.5 microM. On the other hand, BGP-2 had three classes of binding sites and 1 Cd2+ bound to each binding site with Kd1 = 3.6 microM, Kd2 = 16.3 microM, Kd3 = 51.7 microM, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499435 TI - Isolation of a Ca-dependent erythrolytic protein (perforin) from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - A Ca-dependent erythrolytic protein (perforin) was isolated from a cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL2). Cellular extracts were fractionated on DEAE-cellulose and hydrophobic Phenyl-Sepharose columns. Lytic activity was tightly bound to the hydrophobic column and was eluted with 50% ethyleneglycol. The erythrolytic activity was dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ ions, and heparin accelerated the lysis of erythrocytes by perforin 10-fold, with a half maximal concentration of 12 ng/ml. The activity was strongly inhibited by micromolar concentrations of heavy metal ions, such as Zn2+ and Fe2+, and glycylarginine-methylcoumarinamide (Gly-Arg-MCA) in the presence of 100 ng/ml heparin. PMID- 3499436 TI - Interaction of epidermal growth factor with micelles monitored by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization-1H NMR spectroscopy. AB - Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP)-1H-NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the interaction of the protein hormone epidermal growth factor (EGF) with micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecylphosphorylcholine (DPC). Conventional 1H-NMR spectra show that most protein resonances remain unperturbed when micelles are added to solution, which argues that the overall protein conformation is maintained in the presence of SDS or DPC at the concentrations used. Photo-CIDNP enhancements of resonances assigned to aromatic side chains of residues at the COOH terminus and beta-sheet regions of murine EGF (i.e. Trp-49, Trp-50, and Tyr-37) are considerably reduced in the presence of micelles, while resonances of aromatic side chains of residues found elsewhere on the protein surface are mostly unaffected. This suggests that the primary interaction between murine EGF and the micelle occurs at the micelle bulk solvent interface. The overall negatively charged surface of SDS micelles tends to induce a stronger interaction with the protein compared to the zwitterionic DPC micelles, probably due to electrostatic interactions. Cleavage of the COOH-terminal pentapeptide containing both tryptophan residues enhances the already present, but weak, interaction with Tyr-10 and attenuates it with Tyr 37. A similar interaction pattern is found with rat EGF suggesting that at least concerning these two species of EGF the interaction is somewhat specific and conserved. A simple mass-action model for protein-micelle interaction is also presented. PMID- 3499437 TI - Important differences in cationic amino acid transport by lysosomal system c and system y+ of the human fibroblast. AB - Superficial similarities led us to extend our designation for the transport of the plasma membrane for cationic amino acids, y+, to the lysosomal system also serving for such amino acids. Further study on the purified lysosomes of human skin fibroblasts leads us now to redesignate the lysosomal system as c (for cationic), rather than y+, to emphasize important contrasts. Lysosomal uptake of arginine at pH 7.0 was linear during the first 2 min, but attained a steady state in 6 min. This arginine uptake was Na+-independent and was tripled in rate when the lysosomes had first been loaded with the cationic amino acid analog, S-2 aminoethyl-L-cysteine. Uptake was slowed to one-third when 2 mM MgATP was added to the incubation mixture. The following differences in cationic amino acid influx between lysosomal System c and the plasma membrane System y+ became apparent: 1) arginine influx is increased 10-fold by raising the external pH from 5.0 to 7.0. This effect favors net entry of cationic amino acids under the H+ gradient prevailing in vivo. In contrast, arginine uptake across the plasma membrane is insensitive to pH changes in this range. 2) The Km of arginine uptake by lysosomal System c, 0.32 mM, is eight times that for System y+ arginine uptake by the fibroblast. 3) Certain neutral amino acids in the presence of Na+ are accepted as surrogate substrates by System y+, but not by lysosomal system c. 4) Cationic amino acids in which the alpha-amino group is monomethylated or the distal amino group is quaternary, also D-arginine, are recognized by lysosomal System c, whereas System y+ has little affinity for these analogs. This broader substrate specificity of lysosomal system c led us to discover that thiocholine serves to deplete accumulated cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts as effectively as does the therapeutic agent, cysteamine. The quaternary nitrogen of thiocholine renders the mixed disulfide formed when it reacts with cystine unsatisfactory as a substrate for System y+. PMID- 3499438 TI - Biochemical analysis of two cell surface glycoprotein complexes, very common antigen 1 and very common antigen 2. Relationship to very late activation T cell antigens. AB - Two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb), AJ2 and J143, define two related human cell surface protein complexes, very common antigen 1 (VCA-1) and very common antigen 2 (VCA-2). In the present report, these complexes have been defined with respect to: (i) subunit arrangement; (ii) monoclonal antibody binding sites; (iii) carbohydrate content; (iv) homology to other cell surface protein complexes; and (v) possible functional roles. Analysis of the antigens from a human melanoma cell line, MeWo, reveals that VCA-1 is a noncovalently linked heterodimer of 170- and 140 (designated 1401)-kDa polypeptides. mAb AJ2 reacts with an epitope on the 1401-kDa polypeptide. VCA-2 is composed of the same 1401 kDa polypeptide as VCA-1 and another 170-kDa species; this 170-kDa species consists of a second distinct 140-kDa (designated 140(2)) and a 30-kDa polypeptide which are disulfide-bonded. Indirect evidence indicates that mAb J143 reacts with an epitope on this 170-kDa complex. Peptide mapping has shown that the complexes are members of a family of cell surface proteins that include antigens present on activated T cells (designated very late activation antigens). Since VCA-2 is found predominantly on the basal membrane of adherent cells and its expression increases 12-fold when HUT-102 lymphoblastoid cells are grown as an adherent cell culture, we suggest that VCA-2 plays a role in cellular adherence. PMID- 3499439 TI - Coexistent carotid and coronary arterial disease. Outcome in 50 cases and method of management. AB - The coexistence of coronary and carotid arterial disease in the same patient requires that particular measures be undertaken to avoid the risks of myocardial infarction and stroke. The last 50 patients requiring operations on both subsystems and with no mortality and minimal morbidity are reported. A method for the management is described, to allow discrimination between those patients needing a combined coronary-carotid procedure and those in whom the operations should be staged. The application of this protocol to the last 1732 patients who presented with coronary and/or carotid artery disease has resulted in all overall mortality of 0.63% and morbidity of 0.17%. PMID- 3499440 TI - New graft for the surgical treatment of small vessel diseases. AB - The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of a new Bovine Internal Mammary Artery (BIMA) graft in the surgical treatment of small arteries. Results were based on a study of 20 patients undergoing coronary revascularization, 9 patients undergoing modified Blalock-Taussig procedure, 15 patients requiring access for hemodyalisis, 6 patients undergoing peripheral revascularization, and 15 patients undergoing revascularization for impotence. Patients are well, and post-operative angiogram, when possible, showed patent BIMA grafts. Speadier anastomosis was possible, decreasing actual surgical time. Although long-term patency studies are required, the results of the present study justify the use of the BIMA graft as a small artery substitute if a healthy saphenous vein or internal mammary graft are not available. The ready availability in all sizes, superior handling, less likelihood to kinking, proper matching with the native artery, elasticity properties, and low cost, make this graft necessary in the armamentarium of the cardiovascular surgeon. PMID- 3499441 TI - Perturbation of cultured human vascular endothelial cells by phorbol ester or thrombin alters the cellular von Willebrand factor distribution. AB - We have studied the influence of perturbation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells on the distribution of the von Willebrand factor. As shown previously, short-term (less than 1 hr) treatment of endothelial cells with the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or thrombin resulted in the release of cellular stored von Willebrand factor. Long-term treatment with PMA or thrombin evoked a distinct change in the endothelial cell distribution of von Willebrand factor, evident 24 to 48 hrs after exposure. Whereas the contents of the von Willebrand factor storage sites in the cells were gradually restored within 48 hrs, enhanced amounts of von Willebrand factor were secreted into the medium. However, PMA did not increase the endothelial cell contents of mRNA encoding for von Willebrand factor. The number as well as the size of von Willebrand factor storage granules in the endothelial cells increased after exposure to the phorbol ester, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. A second treatment with PMA or thrombin, 48 hrs after cells had been stimulated with these agents, resulted again in the instantaneous release of von Willebrand factor. PMA and thrombin caused a decrease in the von Willebrand factor contents of the extracellular matrix. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that PMA blocked the deposition of von Willebrand factor in the subendothelium, whereas PMA did not affect the degradation of matrix von Willebrand factor. Thus, perturbation of endothelial cells changes the cellular distribution of von Willebrand factor. PMID- 3499442 TI - Clonal analysis in vitro of osteogenic differentiation of marrow CFU-F. AB - Fibroblastic colonies, each of which is derived from a single precursor cell (CFU F), are formed when suspensions of marrow cells are cultured in vitro. The ability of marrow CFU-F to differentiate in vitro was investigated using the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity as a marker for osteogenic differentiation. In cultures of rabbit marrow cells the colonies formed varied in size, morphology and expression of enzyme activity, indicating that marrow stromal CFU-F are a heterogeneous population. Growth and differentiation of marrow CFU-F can be modified in vitro. Epidermal growth factor increased average colony size and reduced clonal expression of alkaline phosphatase activity to very low levels. Hydrocortisone activated the osteogenic differentiation programme within the cellular progeny of a wide spectrum of CFU-F. The results support the possible development of in vitro clonal methods for the study of differentiation and regulation of the osteogenic and other fibroblastic cell lines of the marrow stromal system. PMID- 3499443 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of erythromycin and its esters using electrochemical detection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of erythromycin and its esters in plasma, urine and saliva is presented. A diethyl ether extract of sample was chromatographed on a reversed-phase column and components of the column effluent were monitored by electrochemical detection at +0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The method sensitivity limit was 10 ng with inter-day coefficients of variation from 3.2 to 10.3%. In order to assess precisely the relative concentrations of erythromycin esters (ethylsuccinate or estolate) and their active by-product erythromycin base, it is necessary to adopt measures preventing their continuous hydrolysis in biological fluids and during sample preparation. PMID- 3499444 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay of the relative activities of serum pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase using reductively pyridylaminated maltopentaose as a fluorescent substrate. AB - A method for the high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of the relative activities of serum pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase has been developed, using maltopentaose reductively aminated with 2-aminopyridine as a fluorescent substrate. Both enzymes showed similar modes of action, cleaving the second and the third (from the non-reducing terminal) interglycosidic linkages of this substrate. However, the relative ease of cleavage of these two sites by the pancreatic enzyme was significantly different from that by the salivary enzyme. Therefore, determination of the molar ratio of the cleavage products by HPLC could lead to estimation of the activity ratio of these enzymes. The optimum chromatographic conditions for HPLC were as follows: column, LiChrosorb RP-18 (Merck, 7 microns, 250 X 4 mm I.D.); column temperature, ambient; eluent, 0.01% orthophosphoric acid-acetonitrile (4:1, v/v) containing 2.4 mM sodium laurylsulphate; flow-rate, 1.0 ml/min; wavelengths for fluorimetric detection, 320 nm (excitation)/400 nm (emission). The problem of interference by serum alpha glucosidase was solved by specific inhibition with tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and erythritol. The data obtained by the proposed method correlated well with those produced by the conventional method based on electrophoresis. PMID- 3499446 TI - Use of ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to prepare a substrate for differential assay of human pancreatic and salivary alpha amylases in serum. PMID- 3499447 TI - Induction of thyroid autoantibody production: synergistic effect of B cell mitogen combined with T cell mitogen. AB - In vitro production of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) and thyroid microsomal autoantibodies (McAb) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with the B cell mitogen Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) and the T cell mitogen pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was examined in 35 normal subjects (NC) and 64 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Low concentrations of SAC plus PWM resulted in a synergistic effect on thyroid autoantibody production as well as nonspecific immunoglobulin G production. With such maximal stimulation, TgAb production was detected in all PBMC preparations from serum TgAb-positive patients with AITD; TgAb production was also detected in some NC (46%) and serum TgAb-negative patients with AITD (39%), but the levels of TgAb production were low. Similarly, McAb production was marked in PBMC preparations from serum TgAb-negative but McAb positive patients. TgAb-secreting cells were also detected in NC by the plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. The response patterns of PBMC to mitogen (Nil, PWM, and SAC plus PWM) in terms of TgAb production varied among serum TgAb-positive patients with AITD, but not among NC and serum TgAb-negative patients with AITD. Serum TgAb titers were significantly correlated with the in vitro production of TgAb by PBMC with no stimulation (r = 0.64; n = 99; P less than 0.001), with stimulation by PWM (r = 0.75), and with stimulation by SAC plus PWM (r = 0.87); the correlation coefficient increased with the efficiency of stimulation of B cell differentiation. Similar results were found for McAb production. These data suggest that 1) optimal in vitro thyroid autoantibody production occurs with B cell mitogen (SAC) acting synergistically with T cell mitogen (PWM); 2) sufficient numbers of resting B lymphocytes specific for Tg or microsomal antigens are present in some NC PBMC; 3) stages of thyroid-specific B cell differentiation in PBMC vary among serum thyroid autoantibody-positive patients with AITD; and 4) the potential of PBMC to produce thyroid autoantibodies may correlate with the capacity of thyroid-derived lymphocytes. Thus, the circulating lymphocytes may provide a useful vehicle by which sequential changes occurring at the tissue level may be examined. PMID- 3499445 TI - Application of high-performance liquid chromatography and thermospray high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis and identification of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and its metabolite in biological media. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedures are described for determining the stability of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (DDA) in biological fluids at therapeutic dosages. The validated methodology uses both direct injection and solid-phase extraction techniques. Deamination of DDA to 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (DDI) in plasma by adenosine deaminase was monitored by HPLC, and the identification of DDI verified by thermospray HPLC-mass spectrometry. This methodology should prove useful in future studies concerning the stability and metabolism of dideoxynucleosides. PMID- 3499448 TI - The corticotropin-releasing hormone test in the postoperative evaluation of patients with cushing's syndrome. AB - After surgical cure of Cushing's syndrome most patients develop transient secondary adrenal insufficiency that lasts for approximately 1 yr. Since ACTH secreting pituitary adenomas generally respond to ovine CRH (oCRH), we tested the hypothesis that an early postoperative response to oCRH may indicate the presence of residual pituitary tumor and, therefore, predict recurrence. We also assessed the usefulness of oCRH for monitoring the recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and for clarifying the pathophysiology of this condition. Thirty four patients cured of Cushing's syndrome (29 with Cushing's disease, 3 with adrenal adenomas, and 2 with the ectopic ACTH syndrome) had an evening oCRH test 1-2 weeks after surgery. Nine patients (6 with Cushing's disease, 2 with adrenal adenomas, and 1 with the ectopic ACTH syndrome) participated in a longitudinal evaluation and had repeated oCRH and 1-h ACTH tests at 2-month intervals for a year after surgery. Patients were considered to be cured on the basis of at least 3 subnormal urinary [less than 20 micrograms/24 h (less than 55 nmol/day)] or morning plasma cortisol levels [0600-0900 h; less than 6 micrograms/dL (less than 170 nmol/L)] in the first 2 weeks after surgery. The plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to oCRH in the early postoperative period were subnormal in 23 and normal in 6 patients with Cushing's disease. Three patients developed recurrent Cushing's disease (3, 3, and 23 months after transphenoidal surgery). All 3 were among the 6 who had a normal early postoperative response to oCRH. All of the 23 patients who had a subnormal response to oCRH in the early postoperative period have remained in remission for an average follow-up period of 14 months (6-42 months). Thus, the recurrence rate was significantly greater in patients with normal oCRH tests in the early postoperative period (P less than 0.001, by chi 2 analysis). Surgically cured patients with adrenal adenomas or ectopic ACTH secretion also had subnormal plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to oCRH during the early postoperative period. During longitudinal evaluation for 12 months after surgery, the ACTH and cortisol responses to oCRH increased progressively (regardless of the cause of Cushing's syndrome). Cortisol responses to oCRH correlated significantly with the cortisol responses to exogenous ACTH (r = 0.89; P less than 0.00001). We conclude that most patients with Cushing's syndrome have suppressed responses to oCRH during the early postoperative period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3499449 TI - Effect of altered thyroid hormone levels on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. AB - To determine whether alterations in serum thyroid hormone levels affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, we measured the plasma immunoreactive (IR) ACTH and IR-cortisol responses to 1 microgram/kg BW ovine CRH (oCRH) given iv in the late afternoon and the plasma IR-ACTH, IR-cortisol, and IR-11 deoxycortisol responses to 2 g metyrapone given orally at midnight in 10 athyreotic patients during T4 treatment and 1 month after stopping T4 when they were biochemically, but not clinically, hypothyroid. Mean serum TSH increased from 0.7 +/- 0.9 (+/- SD) mU/L (normal range 0.5-4.9 mU/L) during T4 therapy to 107 +/- 82 mU/L after stopping T4. The serum total T4 level and free T4 index fell from 165 +/- 37 nmol/L and 1.9 +/- 0.4, respectively (normal range, 59-154 nmol/L and 0.9-2.5, respectively), to 19 +/- 9 and 0.2 +/- 0.1, respectively, after stopping T4. Basal plasma IR-ACTH and IR-cortisol levels at 0800 and 1630 h were similar during and after stopping T4 therapy. Peak plasma IR-ACTH and IR cortisol levels after oCRH were significantly greater after stopping T4 (20 +/- 9.2 pmol/L and 880 +/- 260 nmol/L, respectively) than during T4 therapy (9.7 +/- 4.7 pmol/L and 720 +/- 190 nmol/L; P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The mean integrated plasma IR-ACTH and IR-cortisol responses to oCRH were also significantly greater P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) after stopping T4 than during T4 therapy. Plasma IR-ACTH the morning after metyrapone was slightly (1.6-fold) but not significantly greater during therapy than after stopping T4 therapy (100 +/- 86 vs. 65 +/- 54 pmol/L, respectively). The plasma IR-11-deoxycortisol responses to metyrapone during and after stopping T4 therapy were similar (720 +/- 250 and 750 +/- 330 nmol/L, respectively), presumably because plasma IR-ACTH concentrations were maximally stimulating in both instances. These results indicate that thyroid hormone deficiency of short duration 1) increases corticotroph sensitivity to oCRH, 2) may diminish the plasma ACTH response to metyrapone-induced hypocortisolemia, and 3) has no apparent effect on the acute adrenal response to ACTH. These data together with those of previous studies that have shown reduced responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to metyrapone and hypoglycemia in hypothyroid patients suggest that the release of hypothalamic CRH and/or other ACTH secretagogues may be decreased in hypothyroidism. PMID- 3499450 TI - Cross-reactions between pneumococci and other streptococci due to C polysaccharide and F antigen. AB - By serological methods, all 83 known types of Streptococcus pneumoniae could be shown to possess C polysaccharide and F antigen. Cross-reactions due to these two antigens between pneumococci and a broad range of most other commonly encountered streptococci were examined. The presence of an antigen closely similar or identical to pneumococcal C polysaccharide was demonstrated in some strains of Streptococcus mitior. Therefore, we conclude that pneumococci cannot be identified serologically from mixed samples without culture. Streptococcal group C antiserum was found to cross-react with pneumococcal F antigen. PMID- 3499452 TI - A horseradish peroxidase study of the olfactory system of the frog, Rana esculenta. AB - The olfactory system of the frog Rana esculenta was studied by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing of axonal pathways. Injections of HRP were made in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the amygdala (AMY), and in a zone of the leteral wall of the telencephalic hemisphere immediately posterior to the AOB. Projections from these sites are described and are generally similar to those obtained by degeneration methods. However, HRP reveals more extensive olfactory connections than previously reported. Ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral projections are described. The MOB, AOB, and AON have ipsilateral connections to each other. The MOB and AOB have very different projections. The MOB and AON project via the habenular commissure (HC) to the contralateral medial wall of the telencephalon. Ipsilateral MOB fibers also terminate in this cell-free zone where the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) originates. The AOB projects to the lateral cortex of the contralateral telencephalic hemisphere via the HC and also to the ipsilateral AMY and lateral forebrain bundle (LFB) from where some fibers project contralaterally. HRP injections in the AMY retrogradely fill cells in the ipsilateral AOB, two nuclei of the ipsilateral hypothalamus and a nucleus of cells caudal to the ipsilateral nucleus isthmi. Fibers are also labeled that project to the contralateral AMY. Few fibers were observed to decussate in the interpeduncular nucleus or optic chiasma. No olfactory fibers were found to project to the habenular nuclei, and no labeled neurons were found to project to the olfactory bulbs. No morphological asymmetry was observed qualitatively in the distribution of olfactory fibers in the two halves of the brain. PMID- 3499451 TI - Reliability of high-content disks and modified broth dilution tests for detecting staphylococcal resistance to the penicillinase-resistant penicillins. AB - In vitro susceptibility tests were performed with 271 isolates of Staphylococcus species (204 Staphylococcus aureus), including 110 strains resistant to the penicillinase-resistant penicillins. Disks containing 5 or 10 micrograms of methicillin, 1 or 4 micrograms of oxacillin, and 1 or 4 micrograms of nafcillin were evaluated. After a full 24 h of incubation at 35 degrees C, tests with 1 microgram oxacillin disks provided optimal results. Use of the more potent oxacillin, nafcillin, or methicillin disks only increased the number of false susceptible test results. For broth microdilution tests, 2% NaCl should be added to cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth, and MICs should be recorded after a full 24 h at 35 degrees C. Microdilution tests with oxacillin in broth with 2% NaCl were more reliable than similar tests with methicillin. PMID- 3499453 TI - Beta-lactamase-producing mutants of Streptococcus cremoris. AB - Penicillin-resistant mutants were isolated for six strains of Streptococcus cremoris used in commercial Cheddar cheese manufacture after treatment with N methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The resistant mutants had an elevated minimal growth inhibitory concentration, 2.5 micrograms (4.13 units)/ml, for penicillin G and other beta-lactam antibiotics as compared with the penicillin-susceptible parent strains, which were each sensitive to .05 micrograms (.08 units)/ml. Penicillin resistance was due to the production of beta-lactamase. Plasmid DNA was not demonstrated in partially purified lysates of four mutants. Mutants had normal cellular morphology but altered phage sensitivity patterns. All except one strain were able to support complete phage adsorption. Resistance was retained after 20 passages in absence of penicillin. PMID- 3499454 TI - Effects of milk on activity of antimicrobics against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine udders. AB - Addition of milk to Mueller-Hinton susceptibility test medium permitted measurement of milk effect on agar disc diffusion zone diameters obtained from Staphylococcus aureus herd isolates and stock strains. Milk reduced zone diameters for all antimicrobics tested when compared with zones obtained by standard methods. Antimicrobics most affected included novobiocin, streptomycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Growth curves of a reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus in Mueller-Hinton broth with and without milk indicated no effect on growth rate of the organism, suggesting the observed effect was due to the action of milk on the antimicrobics being tested. The described method offers a simple in vitro test for milk effects on antimicrobic activity. PMID- 3499455 TI - Activation sequence of ventricular tachycardia: endocardial and epicardial mapping studies in the human ventricle. AB - Thirty-five patients with ischemic heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias underwent intraoperative activation mapping at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery. During ventricular tachycardia, the sequence of activation in the intact ventricle was recorded simultaneously from 110 endocardial or 110 epicardial sites, or both. A balloon array of electrodes, inserted across the mitral valve, was used to obtain endocardial recordings in the left ventricle, and this appeared to facilitate the induction of ventricular tachycardia. Of 61 episodes of tachycardia, 16 (15 patients) were recorded with the epicardial sock and 45 (20 patients) with the additional use of the endocardial balloon. The sequence of activation during tachycardia was observed to conform to one of four configurations: monoregional spread was the most common activation sequence recorded on both the endocardium and epicardium, while biregional activation and figure eight sequences were recorded exclusively on the epicardium and endocardium, respectively. The fourth sequence was a circular spread of activation observed on both surfaces. Continuous activation throughout the tachycardia cycle length was an infrequent finding. Simultaneous recordings of endocardial and epicardial activation were obtained in 45% of episodes. The sequence of activation recorded on one surface was matched by a similar sequence on the remaining surface in less than half of these. The onset of endocardial activation preceded that of the epicardium in greater than 90% of tachycardia episodes, and the duration of left ventricular endocardial excitation often exceeded that recorded epicardially over both ventricles. The epicardium, however, did appear to be an important determinant of surface electrocardiographic configuration. PMID- 3499456 TI - Randomized placebo-controlled trial of propafenone for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery. AB - Fourteen patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter and a ventricular rate of greater than or equal to 120 beats/min occurring after cardiac surgery entered a double-blind placebo-controlled conditional crossover trial of intravenous propafenone. Patients randomly received either propafenone (2 mg/kg body weight) or placebo during a 10 minute intravenous infusion. If 20 minutes after the initiation of this infusion there was no conversion to sinus rhythm, the patient received a second intravenous infusion over 10 minutes (either propafenone or placebo, whichever was not given first). The electrocardiogram was recorded continuously throughout the study. Fourteen patients received propafenone and 10 received placebo. No patient's rhythm converted to sinus rhythm after placebo. In six patients (43%) (p less than 0.001), the arrhythmia converted to sinus rhythm between 5 and 10 minutes after the end of the propafenone infusion. After propafenone, the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation or flutter decreased significantly from 141.6 +/- 15.2 to 116.0 +/- 15.5 beats/min. Ventricular rate did not change after placebo. The mean propafenone plasma concentration was 3.46 +/- 2.17 mg/liter. The only side effect of propafenone noted was a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 9 +/- 9 mm Hg. Propafenone was useful for management of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery both for control of rapid ventricular response and for conversion to sinus rhythm. PMID- 3499457 TI - Delirium: a test of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III criteria on medical inpatients. AB - Although 10% to 15% of patients admitted to acute care hospitals are in a state of delirium, few patients are given this diagnosis by their clinician. We field tested the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III (DSM-III) criteria for diagnosing delirium on 133 consecutively admitted patients to an acute medical ward. Twenty patients were delirious using DSM-III criteria, 19 more patients than were reported by the primary clinician. Seven delirious patients were less than 65 years of age (range, 32 to 64 years). Sixty-five percent of patients with delirium died, whereas significantly fewer (3.3%) of patients without delirium died (P less than .0001). We found that delirium could be readily and reliably detected (kappa coefficient of agreement = 0.62 for interrater reliability) using the DSM-III criteria. Clinicians should routinely screen hospitalized patients of all ages using DSM-III criteria to identify delirious patients for an immediate evaluation and treatment. PMID- 3499458 TI - Infections of forest rat filaria, Breinlia booliati, in neonate and juvenile laboratory white rats. AB - The kinetics of Breinlia booliati infection in 3 inbred rat strains (Lewis, Wistar and Sprague Dawley) were investigated. One group of rats was infected as neonates (less than 24 hours of age) with third-stage larvae of B. booliati and the other group was infected as juveniles (4 weeks of age). The results showed that infection in the neonates were significantly different from the infection in the juveniles. The 60 rats infected as neonates, when necropsied between 8 to 10 months postinfection, yielded adult worms. The 2 neonatal infection groups of Lewis and Wistar strains showed highest susceptibility to the infections. The mean prepatent period was 85 days. Ninety to 95% of the infected rats were patent with microfilaraemia and a large percentage (33 to 47%) of them had high microfilaraemia counts exceeding 3000 mff/20 mm3 of blood and larger sizes (mean 157.11 mm for female adult worms and 61.88 mm for male adult worms. The adult worms were distributed equally in both the pleural (57%) and peritoneal cavity (43%). In most aspects, the neonatal infection group of the Sprague-Dawley strain was intermediate in susceptibility between the 2 neonatal infection groups of the Lewis and Wistar strains and the 3 juvenile infection groups. In contrast to neonatal infection groups, the 3 juvenile infection groups exhibited low infection rates (37%, 58% and 47% for the Lewis, Wistar and Sprague Dawley strains respectively), longer prepatent periods (mean 101 days), lower recovery rates (2 to 4%), lower adult worm loads (mean 0.4 to 0.8 female worms, and 0.2 to 0.8 male worms per rat), and smaller sizes (mean 141.24 mm for female adult worms and 53.75 mm for male adult worms). Forty-four to 57% of these infected rats harboured either single male or single female adult worms in the body cavity. Most (92%) of the adult worms recovered from the juvenile infection groups resided in the pleural cavity and the remaining 8% were recovered from the peritoneal cavity. Microfilaraemia could be detected in only 3/20 Lewis rats, 5/20 Wistar rats and 5/20 Sprague Dawley rats. The mean peak microfilaraemia of the 3 pooled juvenile infection groups was 632 mff/20 mm3 of blood, ranging from 7 mff/20 mm3 to 1856 mmf/20 mm3. Our results indicate that the susceptibility to B. booliati infection in white rats is both genetic and age-associated. The responses of the 2 distinct infection groups to B. booliati infections are discussed. PMID- 3499459 TI - Murine trophoblast resists cell-mediated lysis. I. Resistance to allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Research on the mechanisms of nonrejection of the fetoplacental allograft has focused on the tissues composing the fetomaternal interface, of which the placental trophoblast, the tissue directly confronting the maternal environment, is considered a prime candidate responsible for the survival of the fetus. We recently developed a method for isolating murine trophoblast, and found that a proportion of trophoblast cells from mature placentas, cultured for 2 days, express class I antigens on their surface, and this expression can be enhanced in vitro by interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta). In the present study, it was determined that cultured trophoblast cells from day 14 placentas were resistant to allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (allo-CTL), while being susceptible to alloantibody and complement-mediated lysis. The trophoblast cells remained resistant to allo-CTL-mediated lysis despite IFN-mediated enhanced expression of class I H-2 antigens on their surface and the addition of phytohemagglutinin into the assay. Inhibition of protein synthesis also had no effect. In contrast, fetal fibroblasts, isolated from the same conceptuses, were readily susceptible to allo CTL-mediated lysis. That the trophoblast cells do interact with the effector cells was shown by their ability to specifically inhibit the lysis of tumor target cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, trophoblast culture supernatants did not inhibit the lytic activity of allo-CTL, even when concentrated 10- to 25-fold, indicating that a soluble suppressor factor was not inactivating the effector cells. These results suggest that trophoblast cells have a protein synthesis-independent mechanism of resistance to lysis by allo CTL, which could play an important role in protecting the fetoplacental allograft from maternal immune rejection. PMID- 3499460 TI - Protein kinase C required for cytotoxic T lymphocyte triggering. AB - The role of protein kinase C (PK-C) in triggering the lytic response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been examined. Both target cell lysis and the release of CTL-associated serine esterase (SE), a marker for cytotoxic granules, were used as indicators of the CTL lytic response. We found triggering of the CTL lytic response occurred when both a PK-C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and a calcium ionophore, ionomycin, were added to CTL. The previously described inactivation of the CTL lytic response by long term treatment (24 hr) with PMA was also investigated. CTL cultured with PMA for 24 hr were unable to mediate target cell lysis or release SE; this inability to respond correlated with an absence of PK-C activity. Incubation of the PMA-treated CTL in the absence of PMA for an additional 24 hr resulted in recovery of PK-C activity, SE release, and the lytic response. These experiments strongly suggest that PK-C is involved with the transmembrane signaling required for SE release which is a necessary event in CTL-mediated target cell lysis. PMID- 3499461 TI - Human monoclonal IgG rheumatoid factor has structural homology with bacterial Fc receptor proteins. AB - A cloned lymphoblast cell line, hRF-1, that secreted human monoclonal IgG4 rheumatoid factor autoantibody was produced by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis synovium. The binding of hRF-1 rheumatoid factor to IgG globulins of different mammalian species was similar to the binding specificity of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) and to antibodies found in the sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. hRF-1 also had the same binding pattern to human IgG subclasses as SpA. Direct competition was observed between SpA and hRF-1 in binding IgG Fc. These results provide evidence for structural homology between a bacterial Fc receptor protein (SpA) and the monoclonal IgG rheumatoid factor. PMID- 3499462 TI - Analysis of the antigen- and mitogen-induced differentiation of B lymphocytes from asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive male homosexuals. Discrepancy between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation. AB - Five asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive male homosexuals were immunized with the recall antigens tetanus toxoid (TT) and the three types of poliovirus present in diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccine. Four weeks after immunization, the in vivo response to booster immunization, the in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced IgG secretion, and the in vitro T cell dependent and T cell-independent antigen-induced antibody response were assayed. Increase in serum antibody titer to TT and poliovirus was low and normal, respectively. In all five subjects studied, a high rate of spontaneous IgG production, including antibodies directed toward HIV was observed. Addition of PWM to the cultures induced suppression of the spontaneous IgG secretion. Only one donor showed a slightly increased IgG production after stimulation with PWM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four of the five HIV-seropositive individuals did not produce TT, or poliovirus-specific antibodies when stimulated with the respective T cell-dependent antigens. However, stimulation of these peripheral blood mononuclear cells with TT coupled to agarose beads, which was shown to be T cell-independent, resulted in the generation of IgG anti-TT antibody-forming cells. PMID- 3499463 TI - Biodistribution of monoclonal IgG1, F(ab')2, and Fab' in mice after intravenous injection. Comparison between anti-B cell (anti-Lyb8.2) and irrelevant (MOPC-21) antibodies. AB - Quantitative pharmacokinetic measurements of uptake and metabolism for two murine immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibodies (anti-Lyb8.2, MOPC-21) and their F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments were obtained following i.v. administration into C57BL/6 mice. Anti-Lyb8.2 antibody, reactive with the allelic Lyb8.2 murine B cell antigen, was labeled with 125I, and MOPC-21, an antibody with no known target antigen, was labeled with 131I. The two IgG or their fragments were co injected, and all major organs were analyzed. Specific uptake of anti-Lyb8.2 IgG, F(ab')2, and Fab' was observed in the spleen with maximum peak values occurring at 1 to 2 hr. For MOPC-21, blood and organ kinetics was indicative of a nontargeted IgG molecule. The kidneys showed significant and rapid uptake of anti Lyb8.2 and MOPC-21 Fab' fragments. This uptake by kidneys attenuated the maximum peak values of anti-Lyb8.2 Fab' in spleen. Multiexponential data fitting provided mean residence times (MRT) for each organ. The MRT for anti-Lyb8.2 in all organs were greater than those for its F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments. Only the kidneys showed greater MRT for Fab' than for F(ab')2. Blood, spleen, kidneys, and carcass exhibited substantial differences across fragments. When total body MRT for each fragment was compared with that of the respective parent IgG molecule, a progressive decline was observed. For MOPC-21, the decrease in total body MRT for F(ab')2 demonstrates the influence of the Fc portion of the molecule on IgG1 metabolism. This organ-by-organ data set may be pertinent to other monoclonal antibodies and their fragments and should help in optimizing delivery of these molecules to specific sites in vivo for immunologic and clinical purposes. PMID- 3499465 TI - Vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis in a murine model. II. Immunologic properties of protective and nonprotective subfractions of soluble promastigote extract. AB - We have previously demonstrated that BALB/c mice can be protected against a fatal infection with Leishmania major by i.p. immunization with a soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) preparation in conjunction with the adjuvant, Corynebacterium parvum (CP). In this study, SLA was separated into nine distinct fractions by anion exchange liquid chromatography, and the fractions were analyzed for their ability to stimulate T cells obtained from immunized mice, to be recognized by vaccine-induced antibodies, and to induce protective immunity. While all but one of the fractions were recognized by antibodies from SLA + CP immunized mice, only two fractions (fractions 1 and 9) stimulated lymphocytes to produce macrophage activating factor and elicited significant delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo. When mice were immunized with the fractions, only fraction 9 stimulated significant immunity (76% protection in seven experiments). Proteins (accounting for 1.3% of the total in SLA) appear to be responsible for the protection elicited with fraction 9, since protease treatment of this fraction destroyed its immunogenicity. Thus, a partially purified protective protein antigen fraction has been obtained and protection with this fraction correlated with cell-mediated immune responses. However, these results also demonstrate that the ability of leishmanial antigens to be recognized by T cells and produce macrophage activating factor does not in itself predict whether such molecules will induce immunity, suggesting that protective leishmanial antigens may have additional unique properties. PMID- 3499466 TI - Cloning and characterization of a novel T cell activation gene. AB - We have used the technique of subtractive hybridization to identify a T cell gene selectively expressed during activation via the antigen-receptor pathway. This gene, termed TCA3 (for T cell activation) encodes a mRNA which is expressed following concanavalin A (Con A) activation of T cell clones at levels of approximately 1% total poly(A)-containing mRNA. The cDNA isolate, termed TCA3.0, is 512 bases in length excluding poly(A) and encodes a predicted 92-amino acid protein having the characteristics of a secreted polypeptide of approximately 69 amino acids. The genomic organizations of TCA3 was determined for two lambda phage clones and was found to be a single copy gene containing at least three exons dispersed over less than 4.7 kb. The temporal appearance of TCA3 mRNA in response to several activating agents was examined. It is not transcribed in response to interleukin 2 stimulation, but is transcribed in response to either antigen or Con A stimulation and can be detected as early as 1 hr poststimulation. Expression TCA3 in response to Con A is blocked by cyclosporin A treatment. The combined data suggest that TCA3 may represent a new lymphokine. PMID- 3499464 TI - Immunization with Leishmania-specific T cell not B cell lines or hybridomas can modulate the response of susceptible mice infected with viable parasites. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb), T cell lines, and T or B cell hybridomas were prepared from BALB/c, CBA, or E1 mice infected with Leishmania mexicana. Various mAb were produced which inhibited the growth and motility of parasites in vitro. T cell lines (hybridomas) were screened for their ability to release interleukin 2 on specific antigen exposure. Passive transfer of mAb or T cell lines to infected adult mice caused little perturbation of parasite growth. Recipient naive mice were immunized with purified Ig or irradiated cells from these sources and were subsequently infected with viable parasites. Only preimmunization with T cell lines (hybridomas) led to exacerbation of parasite growth, although enzyme linked immunosorbent assays could detect the production of anti-idiotype antibodies in mAb (B cell hybridoma)-immunized mice. Either nylon wool-purified T cells or serum Ig from T cell-immunized mice could be used to immunize further naive recipients for protection against parasite growth. These data have implications for the development of anti-idiotype vaccines for Leishmania antigens. PMID- 3499467 TI - Neutrophil cell function and migration inhibition studies in Nigerian patients with tropical pyomyositis. AB - We investigated polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell function and migration inhibition factor (MIF) in Nigerian patients with tropical pyomyositis (TP) and in healthy Nigerians as control subjects. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test revealed that the ability of PMN to form formazan in patients was similar to that of the control subjects. This observation was taken to indicate that there may not be any metabolic defect in PMN of these patients. The MIF assay showed that the lymphocytes of the patients were significantly inefficient in responding in vitro to Staphylococcus aureus as compared with controls (S.D. 26 +/- 8 for patients, 53 +/- 10 for controls; P less than 0.01). This observation suggested that lymphocytes, particularly T-cells, of the patients were probably not primed adequately against S. aureus during the course of infection in vivo. The implications of these findings as they relate to tropical pyomyositis are discussed. PMID- 3499468 TI - Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in patients more than 6 years of age. AB - Haemophilus meningitis was found to be rare in those more than 6 years of age in The Netherlands (incidence: 1/10(6)/year). Persons of this age account for only 6 7% of all cases. The histories of a representative sample of 35 of 73 patients over the age of 6 years with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were reviewed and correlated with the characteristics of the causal strains. Altogether, these patients had suffered 51 episodes of purulent meningitis. Sequelae were found after five of the 35 H. influenzae episodes studied (14%) but none of the patients died during one of these episodes. Of all the patients, 54% had severe predisposing factors, mainly CSF leaks following road traffic accidents or operations, which often led to recurrent bouts of meningitis; these patients were predominantly males. In the patients aged 15-64 years, predisposing factors were present in 74%. Predisposed patients were infected mainly by unencapsulated strains and, as far as type b strains were involved, by uncommon subtypes. Unencapsulated strains were hardly ever able to invade the bloodstream, primarily or secondarily. Careful review of the patient's history is important in this rare disease, because, in many patients, the presence of a CSF fistula may become evident and surgery is likely to prevent recurrences. PMID- 3499469 TI - Types and subtypes of 73 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients more than 6 years of age with meningitis in The Netherlands. AB - Strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in The Netherlands between 1975 and 1984 from patients with meningitis were analysed in order to determine whether older patients are infected with particular types or subtypes of the organism. Of 1154 patients with H. influenzae meningitis 73 (6.3%) were more than 6 years of age. Thirty-one strains (42%) were of serotype b, one strain was of serotyped, one strain was of serotype f and 40 strains (55%) were non-typable. Twenty-eight type b strains were available for subtyping by analysis of the major outer membrane proteins by sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), by serotyping of their lipopolysaccharides and by biotyping. Twenty-one strains were outer-membrane protein subtype 1,24 lipopolysaccharide serotype 1 and 24 biotype I. Seventeen strains (61%) combined these characteristics. This percentage did not differ significantly from the percentage found for strains isolated from patients of all age groups (80%). The 32 non-typable H. influenzae strains analysed had different outer-membrane protein patterns as seen by SDS-PAGE. Five biotypes were found, among which biotype II was predominant (21/32). The results indicated that (i) patients more than 6 years of age were infected by subtypes of H. influenzae b strains which were not significantly different from the strains isolated from younger patients, (ii) non-typable strains of H. influenzae were much more common (55%) in the older age group than in the younger (1.2%) and (iii) that these non-typable strains were not of a particular subtype. PMID- 3499470 TI - Bacterial infection of hepatic hydatid cysts with Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Two patients with hydatid cysts of the liver are reported. In both patients the cysts had become infected with Haemophilus influenzae. The route of the bacterial infection and significance of this previously unreported association remain unclear. PMID- 3499471 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography of the heart: a functional image? AB - Images of radioactive tracer uptake are mainly functional images since the tracer distribution may directly be related to the regional variations in function, such as myocardial perfusion in the case of thallium-201 single photon tomography. Combination of pictures obtained in different physiological conditions (stress rest, for instance) enhance the functional aspects of these studies. For gated cardiac blood pool images, on the contrary, labelling of the circulating blood pool using technetium-99m provides morphological pictures of the heart chambers and function can only be derived from the dynamic analysis of the image sequence recorded at the successive phases of the cardiac cycle. The technique of 'thick slice' tomography preserves the relationship between count rates and local volumes of radioactive blood. Parametric imaging therefore applies to tomography as well as to plane projections. In the simplest case reconstruction of the extreme phases of the heart beat, end-diastole and end-systole may be sufficient. But to achieve more sophisticated functional analysis such as Fourier phase mapping, reconstruction of the whole cardiac cycle is necessary. PMID- 3499472 TI - [Experimental study of small caliber heparinized vascular graft application to aorta-coronary bypass grafting]. PMID- 3499474 TI - [The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on T-cells and their subpopulations- changes in their proportion in peripheral blood]. PMID- 3499473 TI - [Influence of hyperlipidemia on late patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts]. PMID- 3499475 TI - [Coronary artery bypass grafting in young patients]. PMID- 3499476 TI - [Cell mediated immune response following open heart surgery--the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass time]. PMID- 3499477 TI - [Internal mammary artery graft for myocardial revascularization in patients 70 years of age and older]. PMID- 3499478 TI - Specific plasminogen activator inhibitor of placental type PAI 2 occurring in amniotic fluid and cord blood. AB - Plasminogen activator inhibitor of placental type (PAI 2) occurs in a high molecular weight form (HMW) of 60 kd and a low molecular weight form (LMW) of 48 kd. Amniotic fluid and umbilical cord and maternal term plasma were examined for presence of PAI 2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sandwich technique, purification on an affinity column (monoclonal antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B), and immunoblotting. The median values of the concentrations of PAI 2 were 89, 13, and 75 micrograms/L, respectively. The HMW and LMW forms were found at about the same concentrations in amniotic fluid, but the LMW form predominated in cord blood, and the HMW form in maternal blood. The physiologic function of PAI 2 in the child is probably to prevent bleeding during the hazards of parturition. PMID- 3499479 TI - Use of graphical techniques for error evaluation. AB - Anatomic localization in functional (such as PET) imaging often requires a structural (such as CT or NMRI) study of the brain in the same plane. Some neuropsychiatric conditions make it difficult for a patient to hold his/her head immobile even when a rigid head holder is used. We studied the effect of tilt of the anatomic reference image, in this instance CT, relative to the functional image, here PET, on the quantification of receptor ligand concentration in anatomically defined regions of the brain. PMID- 3499480 TI - Composition of the lipopolysaccharide from different capsular serotype strains of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from all six serotype strains of Haemophilus influenzae was similar in composition. The oligosaccharide, of each LPS, was composed of glucose, galactose, heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid. The lipid A was composed of glucosamine, phosphate and the fatty acids 14:0 and 3-OH 14:0. Each LPS also contained ethanolamine and ethanolamine phosphate, and the oligosaccharides from two strains additionally contained small amounts of glucosamine. Although the LPS was similar in composition, different serotypes had quantitative differences, especially in the galactose content, which correlated with the antigenic specificity of their homologous antisera and with their mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A survey by SDS PAGE showed that LPS from strains of the serotypes a, c and d was characteristically of lower Mr than the LPS from most (80%) serotype b strains. PMID- 3499481 TI - Flavonoids protect against T-2 mycotoxins both in vitro and in vivo. AB - Quercetin was able to reduce the cytotoxic effect of T-2 mycotoxin on cultured murine thymocytes. When given to mice immediately before challenge with T-2 mycotoxins, quercetin significantly reduced mortality. PMID- 3499482 TI - Stimulation by bradykinin, angiotensin II, and carbachol of the accumulation of inositol phosphates in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells: differential effects of lithium ions on inositol mono- and polyphosphates. AB - Rat PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells respond to stimulation with bradykinin, angiotensin II, and carbachol with an increased formation of labeled inositol phosphates after preincubation of the cells with [3H]inositol. Li+ potentiates greatly the agonist-induced increase in amount of inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphate but not the increase in amount of inositol tetrakisphosphate. Separation of the isomers of inositol trisphosphate shows that the lithium induced increase in amount of inositol trisphosphate is due to potentiation evoked by lithium of the accumulation of inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate. PMID- 3499483 TI - Transformations of MPTP by ceruloplasmin and peroxidase: comparison with vinca alkaloid biotransformations. PMID- 3499485 TI - HLA and multiple sclerosis in south east Wales. AB - A stronger association has been found between multiple sclerosis and HLA-DR2 than -DQwl in south east Wales (prevalence c 113/10(5)) in contrast to recent observations in north east Scotland (prevalence 178/10(5). The complex relationship between the HLA system and multiple sclerosis, demonstrated in this and other studies, is explained more easily under a polygenic model of inheritance, in which environmental events and genes interact, than by the presence of a single susceptibility gene. PMID- 3499484 TI - Single photon emission tomography using 99mTc-HM-PAO in the investigation of dementia. AB - Single photon emission tomographic imaging of the brain using 99mTc HM-PAO was carried out in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, non Alzheimer frontal-lobe dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Independent assessment of reductions in uptake revealed posterior hemisphere abnormalities in the majority of the Alzheimer group, and selective anterior hemisphere abnormalities in both other groups. The findings were consistent with observed patterns of mental impairment. The imaging technique has potential value in the differential diagnosis of primary cerebral atrophy. PMID- 3499486 TI - Thermal sensitivity is not changed by acute pain or afferent stimulation. AB - The effect of conditioning stimulation on thermal sensitivity and clinical pain was studied in 40 patients and six healthy subjects. Thresholds regarding cold, warm and heat pain perception did not differ significantly between the painful and non-painful skin areas in patients or between patients and healthy subjects before stimulation. The patients received either 100 Hz TENS, 2 Hz TENS, 100 Hz vibration, or placebo. No significant changes in thermal sensitivity were observed during and after conditioning stimulation in any of the test groups, although 24/40 (60%) of the patients reported reduction of their clinical pain intensity. The results indicate that (a) thermal sensitivity is not influenced by the presence of clinical pain, (b) the effects of stimulation on thermal sensitivity (thresholds) and clinical pain are not closely related, (c) central inhibitory effects of TENS and vibration are crucial for their pain relieving capacity. PMID- 3499487 TI - Absence of irradiation induced ischaemic temporal lobe damage in patients with pituitary tumours. AB - This study was undertaken to confirm the belief that modern day external beam radiotherapy for patients with pituitary tumours should not be associated with any ischaemic temporal lobe damage. Using the oxygen-15 steady state inhalation technique and positron emission tomography regional temporal lobe blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction and oxygen utilisation were measured in 10 normal volunteers and 11 patients with pituitary tumours treated by irradiation. The patients were studied between 1 and 10.9 years after radiotherapy. We found that temporal lobe oxygen utilisation in the irradiated group (mean 2.11 +/- 0.23 ml of O2/100 ml tissue/min) did not differ from the normal group (mean 2.13 +/- 0.26 ml of O2/100 ml tissue/min). This suggests that total doses of between 35 and 56 Gy, delivered in fractions of less than 2 Gy, can be given to a pituitary tumour without demonstrable damage to normal temporal lobe. PMID- 3499488 TI - Cell-specific regulation of neuronal production in the larval frog retina. AB - We have previously postulated the existence of a feedback mechanism from differentiated neurons that regulates the production of new neurons. Evidence for such regulatory feedback comes from experiments in which dopamine-containing amacrine cells, ablated in the developing retina by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), were up-regulated in their production. To determine whether this is a general phenomenon of the developing retina, the neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) was injected intraocularly in midlarval-stage Rana pipiens tadpoles to produce selective lesions of certain retinal cell types. After periods of 1-21 d, the animals received intraperitoneal injections of 3H-thymidine. Animals were then allowed to survive for periods of up to 3 weeks and were then fixed, the eyes embedded in plastic, sectioned at 3 micron, and processed for autoradiography by standard methods. At the dosage used, the KA produced a 52% decline in the cell density of the inner nuclear layer (INL), a 37% decline in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGC), and no significant change in the density of cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). The 3H-thymidine allowed us to detect any changes in the number of new cells added to the retina after the KA lesion. Within the first week after the KA injection, there was a decrease in the number of 3H-thymidine (3H-Thy) labeled cells in the lesioned eye as compared to in the control retina; however, KA treatment of slice cultures demonstrated that the toxin does not affect proliferating neuroblasts directly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499489 TI - Initial experience with technetium-99m HM-PAO brain SPECT. AB - Technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime ([99mTc]HM-PAO) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed with a dual head rotating scintillation camera. Normal tracer distribution and side/side differences of counting rates were obtained in 11 healthy volunteers. Almost stable gray/white matter ratios were found (1.97-2.1) in one normal subject during 2 hr after tracer administration. Eighty-three investigated patients had the following diagnoses (in parentheses is percent of positive findings in each group): cerebral vascular disease 18 (94.4%), epilepsy 23 (82.6%), extrapyramidal disorders 8 (100%), dementia 12 (100%), headache 11 (63.6%), psychiatric disorders 11 (27.3%). In addition, SPECT was performed in 28 male volunteers during motor or visual imagery tasks and a significant increase (p = 0.035) of relative tracer deposition was observed in the left inferior occipital region during visual imagery when compared with motor imagery. The results indicate that [99mTc]HM-PAO SPECT is valuable for demonstrating pathologic and physiologic changes of the brain. PMID- 3499490 TI - Cerebellar glucose consumption in normal and pathologic states using fluorine-FDG and PET. AB - We studied cerebellar metabolism in 118 subjects including young and elderly controls and patients suffering from stroke, supratentorial brain tumor and Alzheimer's disease using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and position emission tomography (PET). Alzheimer's disease and normal aging did not alter mean cerebellar metabolism. In stroke and tumor mean cerebellar metabolism was lower in the hemisphere contralateral to the supratentorial lesion. In tumor bilaterally significant reductions in absolute cerebellar metabolism also were noted, unlike stroke. Primary sensory stimulation did not alter absolute or relative cerebellar metabolism. These results show that absolute and relative values for cerebellar metabolism vary depending on the process under study. Thus analysis schemes employing normalization of regional metabolic data to cerebellar values may be subject to error. PMID- 3499491 TI - Examination of assumptions for local cerebral blood flow studies in PET. AB - Two common assumptions made in most positron emission tomography (PET) cerebral blood flow techniques have been examined in detail. These are (1) that the blood borne radioactivity component in the measured PET data is negligible, and (2) that differences in arrival time of the arterial bolus across the brain cause insignificant biases in the estimated cerebral blood flow (CBF) values. Biases in CBF values due to partial failure of these assumptions have been predicted by computer simulation studies and also quantitated for both dynamic and single scan PET methods using H2 15O. Both computer simulations and measured PET data indicate that these assumptions can sometimes cause significant errors in the estimated flow values. The magnitude of these errors depends on the PET technique used (dynamic or static) and on the interval of data included in the flow calculations. The bias caused when these assumptions fail can be considerably reduced by omitting approximately 40 sec of data immediately following tracer administration from the CBF calculations. PMID- 3499492 TI - Measurements of pulmonary vascular permeability with PET and gallium-68 transferrin. AB - We quantified pulmonary vascular permeability with positron emission tomography (PET) and gallium-68-(68Ga) labeled transferrin. Six dogs with oleic acid-induced lung injury confined to the left lower lobe, two normal human volunteers, and two patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were evaluated. Lung tissue-activity measurements were obtained from sequential 1-5 min PET scans collected over 60 min, after in vivo labeling of transferrin through intravenous administration of [68Ga]citrate. Blood-activity measurements were measured from simultaneously obtained peripheral blood samples. A forward rate constant describing the movement of transferrin from pulmonary vascular to extravascular compartments, the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate (PTCER), was then calculated from these data using a two-compartment model. In dogs, PTCER was 49 +/- 18 in normal lung tissue and 485 +/- 114 10(-4) min-1 in injured lung. A repeat study in these dogs 4 hr later showed no significant change. Values in the human subjects showed similarly marked differences between normal and abnormal lung tissue. We conclude that PET will be a useful method of evaluating vascular permeability changes after acute lung injury. PMID- 3499493 TI - Treatment of axial data in three-dimensional PET. AB - Improved axial spatial resolution in positron emission tomography (PET) scanners will lead to reduced sensitivity unless the axial acceptance angle for the coincidences is kept constant. A large acceptance angle, however, violates assumptions made in most reconstruction algorithms, which reconstruct parallel independent slices, rather than a three-dimensional volume. Two methods of treating the axial information from a volume PET scanner are presented. Qualitative and quantitative errors introduced by the approximations are examined for simulated objects with sharp boundaries and for a more anatomically realistic distribution with smooth activity gradients. PMID- 3499495 TI - Technetium-99m HM-PAO brain SPECT in epileptic patients before and during unilateral hemispheric anesthesia (Wada test): report of three cases. AB - The lipophilic brain SPECT agent [99mTc]hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HM-PAO) was used in three cases before and during unilateral anesthesia of one hemisphere for lateralization of speech dominance (Wada test). This procedure led to a decrease of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in each of the hemispheres to 55 and 90%, respectively. Diminution of rCBF was significantly more pronounced in the dominant hemisphere. A second phenomenon observed during the Wada test was crossed cerebellar diaschisis. These findings support the assumption that HM-PAO allows monitoring of brain perfusion, as rapid changes of rCBF due to decreased neuronal activity cause respective alterations of cerebral and cerebellar uptake of this new brain agent. PMID- 3499494 TI - Observations with SPECT on the normal regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow in gravity independent planes. AB - While the effect of gravity on the pulmonary circulation is well documented, the distribution of pulmonary flow under gravity independent conditions is not as well understood. Single photon emission computed tomography was applied to the study of regional pulmonary blood flow in slices where the effect of gravity was constant. Lung tomography, after the injection of [99mTc]MAA, was carried out in six normal volunteers and in the fully inflated and isolated lungs from six dogs that had been killed. Our tomographic results suggest that pulmonary perfusion in isogravitational planes is inherently nonuniform with preferential flow centrally and reduced circulation more peripherally. Planar imaging of the dissected isogravitational slices from the animals further confirmed the uneven perfusion noted on the tomographic slices. PMID- 3499496 TI - [Four cases of bilateral loss of labyrinthine function]. PMID- 3499497 TI - Immunogenetic aspects of febrile convulsions. AB - Thirty-nine mentally normal unrelated children diagnosed as having febrile convulsions were included in this study. The following have been carried out: (a) detailed anamnesis and clinical examination; (b) cerebrospinal fluid investigation; (c) EEG examination between attacks; (d) HLA-antigen determination; (e) estimation of serum IgA, IgG, IgM; and (f) counting of percent spontaneous E-rosette formation. The results were statistically compared to normal Egyptian controls. The results could be summarised as follows. (1) Only HLA-B5 antigen frequency is high among patients (chi 2c = 19.1, P less than 0.0001). Relative risk is 4.4 which shows significant association (WY2 = 29.145, P less than 0.0001) and etiologic fraction equals 0.377. (2) The means of IgA and E-rosette in the patients were significantly low (t = 3.46, P less than 0.01 and t = 3.92, P less than 0.001, respectively), (3) HLA-B5 is the only antigen with high frequency among the two groups of patients with low IgA and E-rosette (chi 2c = 11.9 and 18.2, respectively). (4) There is a significant association between B5 and low IgA (P less than 0.05) but not with low E-rosette (P greater than 0.05). The suggestion is that the genetic control of febrile convulsions is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B5, low IgA and low total T-cells. This altered immune function in otherwise normal children with febrile convulsions may predispose them to acute infections and high fever which precipitate convulsions. PMID- 3499498 TI - The immunohistology of Hodgkin's disease--Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants. AB - Thirty-three cases of Hodgkin's disease were analysed by immunoalkaline phosphatase and immunoperoxidase techniques, using a monoclonal antibody panel, including markers of B-cells, T-cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and the antibody Ki-1. Hodgkin's cells were found to express markers generally regarded as T-cell, B-cell, myeloid, or monocyte associated. Furthermore, heterogeneity of marker expression was also seen within the Hodgkin's cell population in any single case. Morphological and immunohistological analogies between cells involved in antigen presentation and Hodgkin's cells are described, suggesting possible relationships between these cell types. Anti-Leu M1 was not found to be a particularly sensitive marker of Hodgkin's disease under the conditions used in this study. PMID- 3499499 TI - Priming and induction of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antibodies in early infancy by Dpo20, an oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. AB - A conjugate vaccine (Dpo20) was made by direct coupling of diphtheria toxoid and oligosaccharides obtained by periodate oxidation of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. This approach gave a higher multiplicity of saccharides per protein and greater immunogenicity in infancy than our previously studied conjugates. Thirty-three healthy infants received three sequential injections, and no serious side effects were observed. When Dpo20 was given with diphtheria tetanus-pertussis vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, the geometric mean titer of anticapsular antibody rose to 5.9 micrograms/ml at age 7 months. Dpo20 given at 3, 5, and 7 months raised the mean to 3.2 micrograms/ml at 7 months (after two injections) and 15.4 micrograms/ml at 10 months. The antibodies included IgG and were bactericidal in vitro. Thus, antibody activities potentially protective against invasive H. influenzae b infections were induced in the most susceptible age range. The infants also became primed for mature-for-age responses to (unconjugated) polysaccharide vaccine given as a booster at age 12 months. PMID- 3499500 TI - Elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor: an early indicator of septicemia and bacterial meningitis in children. AB - In 26 infants and children with septicemia or bacterial meningitis, significantly elevated plasma levels of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (E-alpha 1-PI) were present at time of recognition of infection, even in those patients with neutropenia (range of reference values: 25 to 190 micrograms/L, n = 142; patients: 444 to 2049 micrograms/L, n = 26). After initiation of therapy, normalization of E-alpha 1-PI levels was observed in all patients who recovered from infection. In addition, 18 of 19 children with bacterial meningitis had increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of E-alpha 1-PI above the range of normal (range of reference values: 0 to 39 micrograms/L, n = 62; patients: 30 to 3490 micrograms/L, n = 19); concentrations of E-alpha 1-PI in bacterial meningitis were significantly increased when compared with those in aseptic meningitis (range 25 to 194 micrograms/L; n = 15). In 30 patients with local bacterial infections (pneumonia, urinary tract infections, etc.), E-alpha 1-PI was also elevated. These data suggest that E-alpha 1-PI is a sensitive indicator of systemic and local bacterial infection in childhood. PMID- 3499501 TI - Antibody response to immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine in children with cancer. PMID- 3499502 TI - Perioperative prophylaxis with sulbactam and ampicillin compared with metronidazole and cefotaxime in the prevention of wound infection in children undergoing appendectomy. AB - Sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which when administered with ampicillin, increases the latter agents antibacterial activity against beta-lactamase producing organisms. One hundred children between the ages of 5 and 14 undergoing emergency appendectomy were entered into a prospective randomized trial comparing sulbactam and ampicillin (SA) with metronidazole and cefotaxime (MC) as prophylaxis against postoperative wound infection. Patients in whom the appendix was perforated or gangrenous received a 72-hour course of antibiotics, others received a single dose only. The overall wound infection rate was 8% (14% in patients with perforation or gangrene and 4% in those without). There was no difference in infection rate between the two antibiotic groups; there were three wound infections and one subphrenic abscess in patients receiving SA and four wound infections in patients receiving MC. SA, therefore, appears to be a suitable antibiotic combination for use as prophylaxis in appendicitis in children. PMID- 3499503 TI - Localized endophthalmitis: a newly described cause of the so-called toxic lens syndrome. AB - We report five cases of post-extracapsular cataract extraction infection in which subsequent pathologic analyses identified the organisms and found the infection to be localized or confined to the lens capsular sac. The most common offending organisms were gram-positive pleomorphic bacilli. In one case, we were able to identify the bacteria as Propionibacterium acnes. We designate this condition a localized endophthalmitis. It should be considered any time a persistent, smoldering, postoperative inflammation occurs, and in the differential diagnosis of phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis. The condition itself is not new, but undoubtedly many such cases have gone unrecognized or have been misdiagnosed as the so-called toxic lens syndrome. In localized endophthalmitis, a clinically visible inflammatory process may occur even when multiple diagnostic taps are negative, although when the cases first appeared, the surgeons were not aware of the entity and anaerobic cultures were not always obtained. A negative tap may be explained by the fact that metabolic products from the organisms are released from the bag into the anterior segment and vitreous. A synergistic reaction may occur between these organisms and retained lens cortical remnants that may cause or exacerbate a hypersensitivity reaction. The condition may be worsened by Nd:YAG capsulotomy. The pathogenesis of localized endophthalmitis has nothing to do with the type of intraocular lens fixation (lens capsular sac or ciliary sulcus); rather, the simple presence of a capsular sac after extracapsular cataract extraction is the prerequisite for the clinical condition. PMID- 3499504 TI - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is a selective relaxant of vascular smooth muscle. AB - The present study examines the relaxant selectivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) released from cultured endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from bovine pulmonary artery (CCL-209) in culture were grown on Cytodex-3 microcarrier beads, packed into a column and superfused to release EDRF. EDRF response was estimated by its ability to relax phenylephrine-contracted rings of rabbit aorta. Bradykinin and A23187 (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) caused dose-dependent release of EDRF from cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. The release was dependent on endothelial cell number. A23187 caused a larger and longer-lasting release of EDRF than bradykinin. EDRF relaxation was selective for blood vessels. EDRF relaxed rabbit aortic rings, but it did not relax histamine contracted guinea pig tracheal, rabbit taenia coli strips or oxytocin-contracted guinea pig uterine rings. These nonvascular smooth muscles were, however, relaxed by isoproterenol (10(-4) M) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10(-5) M). The sensitivity of guinea pig aortic rings and tracheal strips to SNP were compared. The IC50 values for SNP (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) were 0.07 and 0.3 microM for aortic rings and tracheal strips, respectively. Although the tracheal strips were about 4-fold less sensitive than the aorta toward SNP, a complete relaxation was achieved. These results suggest that EDRF relaxes vascular smooth muscles but not respiratory, Gl or reproductive smooth muscles. Thus, EDRF may be a selective relaxant of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3499506 TI - New oral contraception study: pilot trial report. Royal College of General Practitioners' Manchester Research Unit. AB - As a preliminary to a new large cohort study of steroidal contraception, two pilot studies have been carried out. The first estimated that the prevalence of never-use of oral contraceptives among sexually active women aged 16 to 29 years was only 5.1% which means it will be impractical to recruit never-user controls for the main study. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in ever-users of oral contraceptives was 37% in contrast to never-users of whom only 20% smoked.The second pilot study tested the acceptability of a new recruitment procedure. Two hundred and seventy doctors recruited 1574 women - 98% of these women understood and accepted the need to record their National Health Service number. The mean age of this patient cohort was 22.5 years, 65% were single and 37% were cigarette smokers. One-tenth of women had had coitus before the age of 16 years, but only 4% had started using oral contraceptives before that age. PMID- 3499505 TI - Mood and somatic symptoms. AB - The relations between subjective ratings of mood and somatic symptoms were examined in four studies. Correlational analysis revealed strong relations both between and within the different aspects of mood and somatic discomforts. It was also found that the more diffuse somatic discomforts showed the highest correlations with mood. A time-series analysis also revealed that the dominating explanatory factor was from current symptom reports to current mood reports and not vice versa. PMID- 3499507 TI - Non-specific (anaerobic) vaginitis: relevance of clinical and laboratory studies in a practice population. AB - Non-specific vaginitis is a commonly diagnosed condition defined in a similar manner by most authors. Although assumed to be of infective aetiology, no single organism has yet been accepted as the primary agent. This syndrome was studied in two groups of women presenting to general practitioners or attending a family planning clinic. The two groups were of similar ages and had similar markers of sexual activity. Of the 173 women studied, 90 had symptoms. Of the symptomatic women 9.5% could be categorized as having non-specific vaginitis and 36.7% as having an alternative cause for their discharge. Gardnerella vaginalis were found to be associated with anaerobes, clue cells and staphylococci more frequently than by chance.The isolation of G. vaginalis or anaerobes was assessed for their ability to help confirm the diagnosis of non-specific vaginitis and to distinguish this from other possible pathology. In patients with clinical non specific vaginitis, the isolation of G. vaginalis proved the most sensitive (100%) though not a very specific (77.4%) indicator, whereas anaerobes were more specific (93.2%). The presence of anaerobes was a better predictor of non specific vaginitis (30.8%) than G. vaginalis (18.9%). It was concluded that providing laboratory facilities specifically for the isolation of G. vaginalis would be of little benefit to the general practitioner in diagnosing non-specific vaginitis since it would add to the cost of processing specimens, whereas reporting the presence of heavy growths of anaerobes provides some confirmation and adds little to the cost. PMID- 3499508 TI - Clinical prediction of Gardnerella vaginalis in general practice. AB - In a study of 162 women with vaginal symptoms the clinical features of increased discharge, yellow discharge, 'high cheese' odour and pH greater than 5 were statistically strongly associated with the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, confirmed by microbiological culture. The sensitivities and specificities of these clinical tests, although not as high as those of previously described sideroom tests using the amine test and microscopy for 'clue cells' nevertheless allow the clinician to predict G. vaginalis reliably and initiate treatment at first consultation. PMID- 3499509 TI - Inhibition of the ATP-induced reactivation of demembranated hamster spermatozoa by the action of free ATP4- and MgATP2-. AB - Hamster spermatozoa collected from the caput and cauda epididymidis were washed, diluted in a medium containing Triton X-100 to dissolve the cell membrane and reactivated with various concentrations of MgSO4 and ATP. Stepwise increase in the concentrations of free ATP4- from 0.08 to 1.1 mM at constant concentrations of MgATP2- caused a dose-dependent delay of reactivation but the maximal percentage of motile spermatozoa was inhibited only at 1.1 mM. The inhibitory effect on caput spermatozoa was greater than that on cauda spermatozoa. When concentrations of ATP4- were fixed at 0.2 mM, 2.9 mM-MgATP2- suppressed the reactivation of cauda spermatozoa. When compared to 0.9 mM-MgATP2-, reactivation of caput spermatozoa was delayed at 1.9 mM and almost completely blocked by 2.9 mM-MgATP2-. Inhibition of cauda sperm reactivation by ATP4- and MgATP2- were both prevented by the presence of trypsin (50 ng/ml). Incubation of cauda spermatozoa in the reactivation medium for 1 and 2 min before the addition of ATP progressively reduced the inhibitory effect of ATP4-; inhibition by MgATP2- was reduced to a lesser extent. Addition of 100 microM-cyclic AMP to the medium abolished the delay of reactivation by ATP4- but not that by MgATP2-. Before reactivation occurred, inhibitory concentrations of ATP4- and MgATP2- both induced large-angle coiling of sperm tails but in opposite direction to each other with reference to the asymmetric sperm head. The results suggest that free ATP4- and superoptimal concentrations of MgATP2- inhibit flagellar movement by different mechanisms. PMID- 3499510 TI - A comparison of clinical and immunogenetic features in familial and sporadic rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Clinical and immunogenetic factors were compared in 214 patients with sporadic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 117 patients from 52 multiplex families. Sex distribution, articular disease severity and seropositivity for rheumatoid and antinuclear factors were similar in familial and sporadic disease. There was a trend for Sjogren's and Felty's syndromes to be more frequent in familial RA but extraarticular disease features were otherwise similar in the 2 RA disease groups. Mean age of onset was 41.1 years in familial and 46.5 years in sporadic RA (p less than 0.0006); 67% of family probands, 74% of affected relatives and 57% of sporadic patients were HLA-DR4 positive (p less than 0.05 affected relatives vs sporadic). The similarity of clinical features found in familial and sporadic RA justifies the use of families with RA to study aspects of disease pathogenesis. PMID- 3499511 TI - Interleukin-2 production by lymphocytes from blood of children with arthritis is less suppressed than in systemic lupus or cystic fibrosis. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by cells from children with various forms of arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cystic fibrosis was compared. In all cases more IL-2 was detectable at 24 than at 48 h and production was increased by addition of indomethacin. Cultures from children with either active lupus or the pneumonia of cystic fibrosis produced very little IL-2, but cultures from children with arthritis produced apparently normal amounts. We conclude that depressed production of IL-2 in juvenile arthritis may be a secondary epiphenomenon and not a primary immunologic deficit. PMID- 3499512 TI - Fibroblast heterogeneity in scleroderma: Clq studies. AB - Fibroblast heterogeneity has been the basis of a pathogenetic theory of scleroderma in which one subpopulation of high collagen producing cells is expanded by selective growth. In studies by others using gingival cells, fibroblast membrane Clq receptor affinity correlates positively with collagen production. We have demonstrated distinctly higher amounts of Clq binding of fibroblasts from 2 patients with early scleroderma compared to late scleroderma and controls. These observations are consistent with the overgrowth of a normally occurring subpopulation of cells and provide support for clonal selection in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. PMID- 3499513 TI - Autoantibodies and immunogenetics in 30 patients with systemic sclerosis and their families. AB - Clinical and serological evidence of connective tissue disease was found in a high proportion of 132 family members of 30 patients with systemic sclerosis. In 20 probands with the milder CREST form of the disease, 10 had HLA-DR5 and 12 had null alleles at the C4 loci. None of 11 probands with more severe systemic sclerosis had HLA-DR5; all 11 had null alleles at the C4 loci. All but two of the probands had either HLA-DR5 or a C4 null allele, and this was also the case for the majority of the relatives with autoantibodies. Genetic markers of the major histocompatibility complex, including HLA-DR5 and C4 null alleles, appear to be closely associated with markers of disease in these probands and their families. PMID- 3499514 TI - Diminution of the T8 subset by amiprilose hydrochloride in refractory RA. PMID- 3499515 TI - Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of various 2'- and 3'-substituted 2',3' dideoxyadenosines: a structure-activity analysis. AB - A systematic synthesis was undertaken of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine analogues with either an azido, fluorine, or hydroxyl group substituted in the "up" or "down" position of C-2 or C-3 of the sugar moiety. The compounds were evaluated against the cytopathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for MT-4 cells. The four azido derivatives 6, 7, 8, and 9 were synthesized by a nucleophilic displacement reaction with lithium azide on the mesylates 3, 2, 5, and 4. (Diethylamido)sulfur trifluoride was used for the synthesis of 10-12. The compound 13 was obtained by 2'-deoxygenation of 9-(3-fluoro-3-deoxy-beta-D xylofuranosyl)adenine. Among the azido derivatives, compound 8 with the 3'-azido "down" was slightly more active than 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (1) but considerably more toxic, and, of the fluorine series, compound 11, with the 2'-fluoro "up", was the most selective inhibitor of HIV, although it was less active than 1. Hence, none of the newly synthesized compounds proved more selective in their anti-HIV activity than the parent compound, 1. PMID- 3499516 TI - The effect of drugs used in anticoagulation therapy on T lymphocyte activation in vitro. I. Heparin inhibits activation by soluble antigen or allogeneic cells but not by phytohaemagglutinin. AB - Heparin in concentrations corresponding to the therapeutic serum level (0.5 IU/ml) was found to inhibit proliferative responses in MLC and antigen (mumps) stimulated cultures. Heparin had to be present early during culture to exert this effect. Heparin did not inhibit antigen-induced expression of IL-2 receptors. No inhibition was seen when heparin was present only during antigen pulsing of antigen-presenting cells. Heparin had no effect on PHA-stimulated proliferation, IL-2 production or expression of IL-2 receptors. Heparin also inhibited the IL-2 dependent growth of long-time cultured T cell lines. The inhibitory effects of heparin were not caused by a toxic effect on the cells. PMID- 3499517 TI - Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in hypertension. AB - Mitral valve prolapse was found in one of 133 patients with hypertension (0.75 percent) studied by two-dimensional echocardiography. This rarity may be related to the presence of hypertrophied papillary muscles that probably pull the chordae tendinae and mitral valve leaflets away from the left atrium in systole, thus preventing their eversion and prolapse. PMID- 3499518 TI - Measles virus infection of B lymphocytes permits cellular activation but blocks progression through the cell cycle. AB - Measles virus infection of unstimulated B lymphocytes suppresses both proliferation and differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. However, mitogenic stimulation of these infected cells results in cell volume enlargement, rapid RNA synthesis, and the expression of cell surface activation antigens 4F2, HLA-DS, and transferrin receptor. The cellular genes c-myc and histone 2B are induced during early G1 and S phase of the cell cycle, respectively, and viral RNA synthesis can be detected during this interval. However, total RNA synthesis is decreased at 48 h after stimulation, and the histone 2B RNA steady-state level at 48 h is fivefold less than that in uninfected cells. This sequence of events defines an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in measles virus-infected B cells. PMID- 3499519 TI - On unilateral testicular and epididymal torsion: no effect on the contralateral testis. AB - It is often stated that unilateral testicular torsion results in damage to the contralateral testis; however, there are a growing number of experimental and clinical papers which suggest this is not so. Conflicting results from experimental studies confuse the issue and may be due, among other things, to some specifics of the experimental model. In the present paper, we have examined bilateral rat testes 30 and 60 days after 720 degrees torsion to determine 1) the effect of unilateral testicular torsion with and without the inclusion of epididymal torsion, 2) the effect of relatively chronic torsion (24 hr., 10 day) versus relatively acute torsion (two hr., four hr.), and 3) the effect of establishing the model using scrotal surgery versus using an abdominal approach. Bilateral testicular histology, testis wt. (gm.), cauda epididymal sperm concentrations (sp./ml.), and cauda sperm motility scores (0-4) were examined. Ipsilateral testicular torsion or testicular plus epididymal torsion of two hr. or four hr. duration significantly reduced (p less than .05) ipsilateral testis weights, sperm concentrations, and motility scores, and disrupted normal tissue histology. Contralateral testicles were not altered. Epididymal ischemia alone produced no significant ipsilateral or contralateral effects. Chronic torsion (one day, 10 days) also destroyed ipsilateral testis function without altering the contralateral testicles. The occult cryptorchidism associated with the scrotal approach to establishing the torsion model had no effect on contralateral testicles. In no group, using either Lewis rats or Sprague-Dawley rats, were contralateral testicles altered by unilateral testicular torsion. These results plus recent clinical reports indicate that contralateral testicular damage due to ipsilateral torsion is hardly a proven phenomenon, let alone a significant factor contributing to male infertility. PMID- 3499521 TI - HIV seroconversion in health care workers. PMID- 3499520 TI - Epidermal growth factor--interactions with normal and malignant urothelium: in vivo and in situ studies. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is excreted in urine in high concentrations and thus incubates with bladder epithelial cells continuously. However, it is not known whether any urothelial cells can bind urinary EGF or respond to it. Using a monoclonal antibody (528) to the binding portion of the human EGF receptor, immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated that the basal cell layer of normal urothelium is richly endowed with cell surface EGF receptors while the superficial cell layer is not. Alternatively, superficial cells of premalignant and malignant urothelium have many surface EGF receptors. Intravesical EGF induces in vivo activity of ornithine decarboxylase and DNA synthesis in rat bladders, with nuclear thymidine incorporation being limited to the basal epithelial cell layer. These studies indicate that urothelium can respond to urinary EGF and that this response parallels the distribution of EGF receptors. These findings combined with the difference in EGF-receptor expression between malignant and normal cells indicate that urinary EGF may play a role in bladder tumor development and/or growth. PMID- 3499523 TI - Erythema nodosum in a patient with renal cell carcinoma treated with interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. PMID- 3499522 TI - Effects of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Program on physician practice. AB - The effects of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Program on physician behavior were investigated. The medical records of 2770 patients treated in ten hospitals throughout the state of Washington were reviewed to determine if quality of care improved with respect to 12 recommendations put forth by four consensus panels concerning surgical management of primary breast cancer, the use of steroid receptors in breast cancer, cesarean childbirth, and coronary artery bypass surgery. Care was studied during 24 months before and 13 to 24 months after each consensus conference. Results showed that the conferences mostly failed to stimulate change in physician practice, despite moderate success in reaching the appropriate target audience. It was concluded that the consensus development conference is an important educational tool whose effects might be enhanced by focusing on areas of practice that need improvement and by encouraging follow-up programs at the state and local level. PMID- 3499524 TI - Indication of aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery for infarction area of myocardium considered from exercise thallium-201 myocardial imagings. AB - To assess accurately the indication and effects of aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery (ACBG) to the myocardium infarction area, 35 patients with myocardial infarction were analyzed by using exercise thallium-201 myocardial imagings. The patients were classified into group I (18 cases) and group II (17 cases) before ACBG. Group I consisted of patients with regional hypoperfusion in the initial image who showed redistribution in the delayed image to the infarction area of myocardium. Group II consisted of those with regional hypoperfusion in the initial image without redistribution in the delayed image. Group I showed a significant improvement in myocardial perfusion (p less than 0.01), pressure rate product (p less than 0.01), global left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.01), segmental wall motion abnormality (p less than 0.01), and exercise tolerance when compared with those of group II before and after ACBG. The above study showed that the pre- operative redistribution of the infarction area in the delayed image suggests myocardial viability and ACBG will be effective. PMID- 3499525 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy: clinical significance of possible related factors. AB - The present study investigates the clinical significance of several possible causative or conditioning factors which have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). By reviewing the medical records of 68 patients with DCM, we found a definite, and suggestive family history in 16%, and 28%, respectively, and antecedent flu-like symptoms in 43%. A history of hypertension was observed in 35%, habitual alcoholism in 49% and diabetic pattern on glucose tolerance test in 37%. We then classified the study patients into three groups; familial, myocarditic and acquired groups. The familial group showed advanced myocardial damage with the poorest prognosis. Abnormal T-cell subsets in this group suggested that genetically determined abnormal immune response is involved in the development of DCM. In the myocarditic group, endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated mononuclear cell infiltration in 53% and the myocardial damage and prognosis were of intermediate severity. The acquired group showed significantly more frequent histories of hypertension, habitual alcoholism or diabetes than their age- and sex-matched controls, suggesting that they developed the disease in association with these factors. The severity of hemodynamic impairment and myocardial damage was the least extensive and prognosis was relatively favorable in this group. These different clinical features in the three groups may provide evidence that these factors actually contribute to the development of myocardial damage in DCM and that the condition is a clinical syndrome associated with heterogeneous etiologies or conditioning factors. Determination and management of these factors would be of practical value in treating patients with DCM that has no established therapy against underlying etiologies. PMID- 3499526 TI - [Clinical studies of BRL 28500 (clavulanic acid/ticarcillin) in the treatment of pelvioperitonitis and Douglas' abscess]. AB - Clinical studies were conducted on BRL 28500 (a formulation containing 15 parts ticarcillin plus 1 part clavulanic acid). BRL 28500 was administered at doses of 1.6 g or 3.2 g b.i.d., generally for 10 days by drip infusion to patients with pelvioperitonitis or Douglas' abscess. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 18 patients (pelvioperitonitis 14, Douglas' abscess 4), but 8 patients out of a total of 26 patients were excluded. 2. In the evaluation of clinical improvement by doctors in charge, clinical improvement rates were 44.4% on day 3, 88.2% on day 5. 3. On the basis of committee judgement, the clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 4. The bacteriological eradication rate of causative organisms was 100% in 11 patients (15 strains). Five strains out of a total of 15 strains produced beta-lactamase. 5. As a side effect, nausea was observed in 1 case. In laboratory examination, liver function abnormalities were observed in 1 case. 6. Regarding usefulness as judged by doctors in charge, the satisfactory rate was 83.3%. From the above results, it has been concluded that BRL 28500 is very useful in the treatment of pelvioperitonitis and Douglas' abscess. PMID- 3499527 TI - [The tolerance dose of the rectum]. AB - The incidence of rectal bleeding (Grade II or III) after radiotherapy for carcinoma of uterine cervix were studied. All cases were treated by external irradiation (ERT) and intracavitary irradiation (ICR). The dosage of rectal bleeding at 5% level were as followed; 40 Gy by ERT and 27 Gy at point A by ICR in National Sapporo Hospital, 36-40 Gy by ERT and 24 Gy at point A by ICR in Aichi Cancer Center, 40 Gy by ERT and 27 Gy at point A by ICR in Kyushu Cancer Center. PMID- 3499528 TI - [Radiotherapy combined with BRM (biological response modifiers) in the treatment of cancer]. AB - The latest treatment of biological response modifiers (BRM) with or without another cancer treatment modalities has been increased. In this paper, radiotherapy combined with some BRM, which were used in systemic administration and intra-arterial infusion, was demonstrated. 1) In experimental study, radiation and IL-2 indicated the synergic effects on the tumor growth inhibition. 2) Radiotherapy and IFN-beta for advanced head and neck and pelvic tumor were successful in tumor effects and tolerable in side effects. 3) The clinical trial showed that pathological effects and clinical tumor response (CR rate) of radiation and LC9018 for cervical cancer stage IIb, III were significantly better than those of radiotherapy alone. These data suggested that the treatment of radiation and BRM was useful and should be considered in multimodal therapy for cancer. PMID- 3499529 TI - [Heterogeneity of gastrin-containing G-cells and its expression in gastric adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors]. AB - The heterogeneity of gastrin-containing G cells present in human gastric mucosa has been examined immunohistochemically. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-immunoreactivity were detected in about 500, 20 and 10 cells pro 1,000 G cells, respectively, these findings supporting the "one cell, multi-hormone theory". Gastrin, calcitonin immunoreactive tumor cells were demonstrated in 13%, 3% of the antral adenocarcinomas and 17% and 10% of antral endocrine tumors, but they were not found in fundic adenocarcinomas and endocrine tumors. Cell hybridization between the tumor cell and the G-cell might be a possible mechanism for the occurrence of gastric and calcitonin in the gastric tumors. HCG-immunoreactive tumor cells were detected in 27% of antral adenocarcinomas, and in 24% of the fundic adenocarcinomas, and the production of hCG by gastric tumor cells might be based on the gene expression during carcinogenesis, regardless of the tumor localization. PMID- 3499530 TI - [Successful treatment of left hilar T-cell lymphoma with initial symptom of cardiac tamponade due to pericardial infiltration--report of a case]. PMID- 3499531 TI - Cytoplasmic CD3 antigen and T cell receptor gene rearrangement in surface CD3 negative T cell malignancy. AB - In the present study, it was our intention to further the characterization of the neoplastic cells at the early stage of the T lineage, which were defined as those which bore pan-T marker(s) (CD2, CD5 and CD7) but not CD3 antigen on the surface. We studied six such cases of leukemia and two such cases of lymphoma for their phenotypes including cytoplasmic CD3 detected with flow cytometry and for the rearrangement of T cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes. The cytoplasmic expression of CD3 antigen in adult thymic cells was also studied. CD7 was expressed in seven cases, the exception being one presumably of B lineage, and rearrangements of T cell receptor gene were detected in five cases. Four cases out of these five genotypic T neoplasms had surface phenotypes compatible with the stage of thymic cells and, interestingly, they all displayed CD3 in the cytoplasm. With regard to normal cells, cytoplasmic CD3 was shown to be present only in a small population of surface CD3 negative thymic cells. These malignant cells, therefore, may have originated from such cells. The exact origins of the two cases bearing pan-T marker(s) with no rearrangement of the T cell receptor gene has not yet been determined. PMID- 3499532 TI - [Identification of anti-centromere antibody and its clinical evaluation]. PMID- 3499533 TI - OK-432-mediated augmentation of antitumor immunity and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Sensitization with mitomycin C-treated L1210 or EL-4 tumor cells followed by intraperitoneal injection of a streptococcal preparation OK-432 rendered histocompatible or syngeneic mice immune to the corresponding tumor cells. The antitumor immunity, which was more potent than that induced by attenuated tumor cells alone, was manifested by transplantation resistance to challenge tumor cells, and by cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from the primed mice. The former activity was closely related to the latter, which was found to be mainly due to tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The in vivo immunoaugmentation by OK-432 was susceptible to macrophage toxins such as trypan blue and carragheenins, and was partly dependent on the activity of noncytotoxic Ia-positive peritoneal macrophages. OK-432-mediated enhancement of Ia-positive macrophage functions was confirmed by concanavalin A-blastogenesis and T cell-dependent antibody formation. Allo-reactive cytotoxicity induced in allogeneic or semiallogeneic mice, which had been primed with clonogenic or attenuated tumor cells, was also augmented by concomitant administration of OK-432. These results suggest that OK 432 augments induction of antitumor immunity and alloreactive cytotoxicity, associated with stimulation of noncytotoxic Ia-positive accessory macrophage activity. PMID- 3499534 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of polynactins (tetranactin, trinactin and dinactin) on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats. AB - Macrotetrolide antibiotic polynactins [dinactin, trinactin and tetranactin (1:4:5)] are hydrophobic cyclic esters produced by Streptomyces aureus. Polynactins (PN) and their major component tetranactin (TN) delayed or suppressed the onset of S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in Lewis rats. Termination of treatment with PN or TN before day 14 of immunization resulted in a delayed onset of EAU in many animals. Thus, the immunosuppressive effect of PN and TN was not lasting. PN and TN suppressed anti-S-antigen antibody formation. Skin hypersensitivity tests indicated suppression by PN of the delayed type rather than Arthus type hypersensitivity to S-antigen. PN, TN and trinactin all inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation into concanavalin A-treated lymphocytes at the early stage of cell activation. For each drug, 50% inhibition was obtained at about 0.1 ng/ml. Under the incubation condition that the cells were exposed to TN for 21 hours, cell viability remained unchanged up to 100 ng/ml of TN. It is evident that PN and TN suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation without cell injury. These results suggest that PN and TN inhibit the onset of EAU primarily through the suppression of cell-mediated immunity but also by affecting humoral immunity. PMID- 3499535 TI - Clinical and electrophysiological features of tilted disc syndrome. AB - Nine patients with tilted disc syndrome were examined psychophysically and electrophysiologically. Visual field defects did not correspond to fundus abnormalities in half of the eyes. Visual evoked responses were more reduced than electroretinogram responses. These results indicate that associated visual field defects and impairment of visual acuity were related not only to a localized staphylomatous ectasia of the posterior globe but also to a lesion of the inner retinal layer, optic nerve, or more proximal visual pathway. This suggests that a developmental abnormality in the embryonic retina may result in hypoplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium and neural elements as well as an anomaly of the optic disc. Investigation of visual function in patients with tilted disc syndrome may help to identify possible concomitant retinal and optic nerve dysfunction. PMID- 3499537 TI - [Studies on interleukin 2 inhibiting substance in human seminal plasma]. PMID- 3499536 TI - [A case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia associated with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and generalized plasmacytic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 3499538 TI - [The clinical significance of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in male urogenital organs]. PMID- 3499539 TI - Alpha-interferon activated cytotoxic lymphocytes in hairy cell leukemia patients: evaluation of cytotoxic events. AB - To further define the mechanisms responsible for the alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) efficacy in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL), experiments were carried out to specify the cytotoxic events taking place following this type of therapy. Although an increased natural killer (NK) activity was demonstrable after alpha IFN treatment, evidence has been provided that hairy cells were not specifically lysed either by fresh autologous/allogenic NK lymphocytes or by lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells. This property could not be induced in vitro by alpha-IFN or by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Our data favour the hypothesis that the increase of NK cell activity observed following alpha-IFN therapy has not a direct antineoplastic effect but is likely to be of relevance for a non-specific enhancement of the host immune system. In alpha-IFN treated HCL this latter property may account for the better resistance to infections which usually represents the major cause of mortality in these patients. PMID- 3499541 TI - The treatment of hairy cell leukemia with 2'-deoxycoformycin: results in India and in the United States. AB - We treated 11 patients (nine men and two women) with hairy cell leukemia with low doses of pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin). As of January 1987, 10 patients (91%) were in complete remission (CR) and one (9%) was in partial remission. Thus, the overall response rate was 100%. Maintenance therapy was not given once CR was attained, but no patient in CR relapsed: remission durations were from 40+ to 9+ months. For hairy cell leukemia, pentostatin is a better treatment than splenectomy and probably is superior to interferon, but further studies are needed to better define its role in this disease. PMID- 3499540 TI - Splenic B cell lymphoma with "villous" lymphocytes in the peripheral blood: a disorder distinct from hairy cell leukemia. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of 23 patients with a characteristic form of splenic lymphoma with circulating "villous" lymphocytes (SLVL) are described and compared with those of other B cell disorders with preferential splenic involvement. SLVL affects predominantly men in their early 70's and is characterized by gross splenomegaly with little or no lymphadenopathy, presence of monoclonal gammopathy in two thirds of the cases, and infiltration of the peripheral blood by lymphocytes with a characteristic pattern of membrane irregularity. These lymphocytes are often confused with cells from hairy cell leukemia, from which they can be distinguished by a number of morphological features, by having a small cell volume, and by lack of expression of the HC2 and Tac antigens. The bone marrow is easily aspirated in the majority of cases and shows a relatively sparse infiltration. The spleen histology shows predominant white pulp involvement, although infiltration of the red pulp is seen in a small number of cases. The differential diagnosis of SLVL should also include hairy cell leukemia variant, prolymphocytic leukemia, and atypical forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3499542 TI - Treatment of hairy cell leukemia: the Ohio State University experience with deoxycoformycin. AB - Twelve evaluable patients with progressive hairy cell leukemia were treated with deoxycoformycin at a dose of 4 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. Five patients had not been splenectomized, and one had failed to respond to interferon-alpha. Complete remission, as defined by absence of hairy cells in the bone marrow and normalization of the peripheral blood and regression of splenomegaly, was obtained in 11 of 12 patients (92%). These patients have remained in unmaintained remission for 1+ to 13 months with an average of 7.5 months. Two of these patients had a bone marrow relapse at 8 and 12 months, respectively. During treatment the monocytopenia corrected, and, after complete remission was obtained, marrow was aspirable. Toxicity was mild and reversible. There were no significant infections associated with this treatment. It was of interest that we could treat two patients with creatinine clearance of 50 and 60 ml/min using lower doses (and 2-3 mg/m2) than our conventional therapy of 4 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. They obtained a complete remission after 6 and 10 treatments, respectively. Low-dose deoxycoformycin has proven to be an excellent treatment for hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 3499543 TI - Effect of alpha-interferon on the immune system of patients with hairy cell leukemia. AB - The role of in vivo administration of lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) on the immune status of 12 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) was studied. In most cases an increase in T3(CD3), T4(CD4), and T8(CD8) lymphocyte subsets was documented at the same time as hairy cells disappeared from the circulation. This led in most cases to an improved T4/T8 ratio. The effect of treatment with IFN alpha was particularly evident on the natural killer cell compartment, which is often functionally depressed in HCL at diagnosis. After therapy, a progressive increase in the cytotoxic activity was observed in most patients. This was more evident 6-9 months after commencing treatment. These findings suggest that, in addition to the known clinicohematological effects, IFN-alpha can improve both the T and natural killer compartments in patients with HCL. PMID- 3499544 TI - A hairy cell leukemia associated antigen (HC2) has a distinct role in normal B cell differentiation. AB - Activation antigens expressed by activated B cells, but not by resting B cells, are excellent candidate molecules for lymphokine receptors, which are expressed after B cell activation. HC2 is a previously described hairy cell leukemia associated antigen, which is not expressed by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. HC2 is also found on activated B cells but not on resting B cells. Here we demonstrate that HC2 is not a B lineage restricted antigen and may be expressed by other activated cell types. Antibody to HC2 inhibits the activity of partially purified B cell growth factor in two different assays and inhibits B cell differentiation induced by pokeweed mitogen or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan stain I with interleukin-2. The HC2 antigen may therefore have a distinct role in normal B cell differentiation. PMID- 3499545 TI - In vitro studies on leukemia cells and T lymphocytes in hairy cell leukemia. AB - Hairy cell leukemia cell lines were established from eight untreated patients using purified B cell growth factor (BCGF) in vitro. These cell lines maintained their original cell surface immunophenotype for about 1 month, after which they began to lose one or more of their characteristic surface antigens. The cell lines also maintained typical hairy cell leukemia morphology for 2-3 months in vitro but later showed an increasing number of multinucleate giant cells that maintained a B cell surface phenotype. The cell lines became independent of exogenously provided BCGF after at least 1 month in vitro and secreted BCGF activity into culture supernatants in most cases. Some cell lines also acquired Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen positivity after variable period. Two hairy cell leukemia patients also showed hyperactive T cell responses in vitro and exhibited spontaneous T cell proliferation in culture without exogenously supplied interleukin-2. These T cell lines had the T helper phenotype and secreted significant amounts of T cell-associated lymphokines with BCGF and interleukin-2 activity into culture supernatants. PMID- 3499546 TI - Cell-mediated lysis of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Several techniques are available for the serological analysis of antigenic determinants on human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). However, techniques for the recognition of cellularly defined antigens on such progenitor cells have not yet been described. We therefore developed an in vitro cellular cytotoxicity assay, with bone marrow cells as target cells. In this assay specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines are used as effectors for cell-mediated cytolysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells that express the antigens for which the CTLs were primed in a mixed lymphocyte culture. As a model we used CTL lines against HLA-A2 or -B7 determinants. By using effector-target ratios varying from 1:2 to 4:1, 4 hr of incubation of these CTL lines with bone marrow mononuclear cells from HLA-A2 or B7 positive donors resulted in a specific dose-dependent growth inhibition up to 100% of myeloid (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) HPC. In contrast no inhibition of HPC was observed using mononuclear bone marrow cells from HLA-A2 or -B7 negative individuals as target cells. Experiments in which cell-cell contact was prevented showed that the antigen-specific lysis of HPC was dependent on intimate cell-cell contact between effector-CTLs and bone marrow target cells. Our results show that this cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay can be used as a sensitive and specific tool for the study of cellularly defined antigens on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 3499547 TI - Analysis of surface antigen profile, TdT expression, and T cell receptor gene rearrangement for maturational staging of leukemic T cells: a pediatric oncology group study. AB - By using monoclonal antibodies specific for T lineage surface antigens, neoplastic T cells from 53 children with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were analyzed and assigned to phenotypically defined stages of T cell maturation. Cells were also analyzed for T cell antigen receptor beta-chain gene and immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene rearrangements. Clonal rearrangements of T cell antigen receptor beta-chain gene and a germ-line configuration of the immunoglobulin genes were found in cells from all cases. The expression of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in leukemic T cells was studied by both qualitative immunofluorescence and quantitative enzyme immunoassay, and the level of TdT expression was correlated with maturational stages. Lymphoblasts classified as prethymic (3 patients) did not express detectable TdT. In contrast, cells from approximately 60% of the patients with early (15 patients) or intermediate (19 patients) thymocytic phenotypes and approximately 40% of the patients with mature thymocytic phenotype (16 patients) were positive for TdT. Thus, in these leukemic clones TdT was randomly expressed and showed no correlation with maturational stage. PMID- 3499548 TI - A human leukemic T cell line (PF-382) inhibits the growth of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells. AB - We have recently described a human T cell line, named PF-382, obtained from the pleural effusion of a child with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), which expresses phenotypic and functional features of suppression. In this study we report that PF-382 spontaneously releases a factor which inhibits the in vitro growth of myeloid (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells. The same effect is obtained when irradiated PF-382 cells are co-cultured with the hemopoietic precursors. In both instances, maximal inhibitory activity is exerted on day 14 CFU-GM and BFU-E obtained from the light density nonadherent fraction of normal human bone marrow and peripheral blood; this finding suggests that the target of the inhibition is represented by the more immature elements within the progenitor cell compartment. Progressive depletion of monocytes, T, B lymphocytes, and NK cells as well as recloning experiments indicate that the inhibitory effect is directly exerted on the target cell and not via an intermediate population of accessory cells. Partial purification by gel filtration and by subsequent high performance liquid chromatography demonstrates that this factor is a protein with a molecular weight of 47 kd. The physicochemical characterization and the specific functional properties suggest that the PF-382 inhibitory factor represents a lymphokine which differs from those so far reported. The PF-382 cell line provides a useful model toward a better understanding of the interrelations between T cell subsets and other hemopoietic compartments. PMID- 3499549 TI - [Plasma kallikrein and prekallikrein activator (PKA) activities in various preparations of human immunoglobulins and albumins]. PMID- 3499550 TI - [Resumption of employment following aortocoronary bypass operation]. AB - Between April 1981 and May 1983, 921 patients with coronary sclerosis underwent a bypass operation. Following the operation, 327 of these patients were asked to give their professional status. These were compared with the surgical result and the clinical findings. During the 22-month follow-up period 47.1% were without work. 52.9% returned to work after an average of 3.3 months. The following factors played a significant role in the decision whether or not to return to work: 1) the age of the patient (p less than 0.001); 2) the degree of physical stress to which the patient was subjected in his job before the operation (p less than 0.001); 3) the severity of the postoperative angina pectoris symptoms (p less than 0.01); 4) the improvement in the output of the left ventricle (p less than 0.05) and 5) the participation in rehabilitation treatment (p less than 0.01). By reducing the preliminary investigation period, increasing the operation capacity and making more effective use of the rehabilitation programme, more people could return to work after the operation and this in turn would increase our patients' quality of life. PMID- 3499551 TI - [Objective assessment in the Romberg test (posturography) with the new Lucerne measuring plate]. AB - To perform postural measurements routinely a new device was developed which differs from existing equipment by its simple technique, high accuracy and low price. This device also allows to introduce this important examination technique to the daily ENT-practice. PMID- 3499552 TI - [Work disability in peripheral vestibular disorders]. AB - The circumstances prevalent in each particular line of work must be taken into consideration when examining for occupational disability. Peripheral vestibular disorders can be a source of danger to the patient himself and to those in his working environment, e.g. in traffic or on building sites. Some criteria for judgement on incapacity as related to the most important peripheral disorders are proposed. A further problem involves those cases with complaints of vertigo but whose responses to clinical testing appear normal. Such patients require a clear decision as to whether they are to be classified as occupationally disabled. PMID- 3499553 TI - [Magnetic resonance tomography in acoustic neurinomas]. AB - The possibilities of MR and CT were compared in respect of neurinomas of the acoustic nerve (n. acusticus). The comparison showed that MR detection of tumours in the posterior of the cranial cavity is the more sensitive method, especially in respect of neurinomas of the acoustic nerve, although CT enables the use of the small-level technique with or without the addition of a contrast substance, as well as the application of pneumocisternography. The sensitivity of MR can be increased further by adding a contrast medium. Whereas in diagnosis of extrameatal neurinomas of the n. acusticus, CT and MR are of equal value, MR shows substantial advantages over CT in the diagnosis of intrameatal tumours (without enlargement of the inner ear canal). The same holds true for very small tumours of up to 1 mm diameter, the visualisation of which is greatly facilitated by the multidimensional possibilities of MR and by the administration of a contrast medium. PMID- 3499554 TI - Preservation of hearing in surgical removal of acoustic neuromas of the internal auditory canal and cerebellar pontine angle. AB - The surgical results in 69 patients with unilateral tumors of the cerebellopontine angle or internal auditory canal in whom total tumor removal was accomplished, and in whom an attempt was made to preserve hearing, are presented. The success rate of preservation of hearing and facial nerve function was correlated with the size of the tumor. Useful hearing, as defined by speech reception threshold no poorer than 70 dB and a discrimination score of at least 15%, was preserved in 73% of cases in which the tumor extension to the posterior fossa was no greater than 0.5 cm. In contrast, useful hearing was preserved in 22% of cases in which posterior fossa extension was greater than 2.5 cm. No significant correlation was found between preoperative evoked responses and success in preservation of hearing. The techniques and value of intraoperative monitoring of electrocochleogram (ECoG) and brain stem evoked responses are discussed. A theory of pathogenesis of intraoperative hearing loss, based on correlation of changes in evoked responses and simultaneous surgical events, is presented. PMID- 3499555 TI - [ANA-negative systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3499556 TI - Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity is reduced during induction of pituitary tumors by chronic estrogen treatment. AB - The role that estrogen plays in the regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is not known. A radioimmunoassay specific for rat CRF was utilized to measure the CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-ir) in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol for periods up to 12 weeks. Compared to ovariectomized controls, estradiol treatment resulted in significantly reduced CRF-ir after 3 and 12 weeks, although no significant change was seen after 8 weeks. Anterior pituitary (AP) weight was greatly increased by estradiol treatment at all time points studied. Bromocriptine treatment for the last 3 weeks of the 12-week period, or removal of estradiol for 3 weeks after 9 weeks of treatment did not reverse the changes in CRF-ir even though significant regression of tumor size was achieved. There was no correlation between AP weight and CRF-ir in individual animals. These data show that chronic treatment with estrogen reduced hypothalamic CRF-ir content. Neither a direct estrogenic effect or an indirect effect mediated through alterations in the adenohypophysis could be ruled out. PMID- 3499557 TI - Isolation of complementary DNA encoding mouse nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3499558 TI - Evidence of hepatitis virus infection among Australian prisoners of war during World War II. AB - A sample of Australian male veterans of World War II was surveyed after 40 years. One hundred and seventy veterans had been held by the Japanese as prisoners of war and 172 veterans had served in southeast Asia but had not been taken captive (non-prisoners of war). A medical history was obtained and a physical examination undertaken. Blood was drawn and analysed for standard liver biochemistry and serological markers of hepatitis A and B virus (HAV, HBV) infections. The prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig)G class antibodies to HAV was 95.2% in non prisoners of war and 93.3% in prisoners of war. Only three cases of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity were identified (two cases from the prisoner-of-war group). Thirty-six (21.8%) prisoners of war were seropositive for the presence of antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and 34 (20.0%) prisoners of war for that of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), compared with 16 (9.8%) and eight (4.7%) of the non-prisoners of war, respectively (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Those veterans who reported jaundice during World War II had a higher prevalence of antibodies to HBV. Among prisoners of war who were forced to work on the Burma-Thailand railway, 24.1% were seropositive for anti HBc compared with 11.1% of the remaining prisoners of war (P = 0.048). It would appear that hepatitis B was common in prisoners of war but that those who survived 40 years were able to clear the virus and do not appear to have significant liver disease. PMID- 3499560 TI - [Vestibular compensation after vestibular neuronitis]. PMID- 3499559 TI - Cystic artery erosion: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 3499561 TI - [Odontometry of the deciduous dentition. The mean values of certain diameters. I]. PMID- 3499562 TI - [Injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) into the tumor-bearer's spleen augments lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in vitro and inhibits tumor metastasis]. AB - The effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2), injected directly into the tumor-bearer's spleen, on inhibition of tumor metastasis was evaluated. C3H/HeN mice were inoculated intradermally with 2 X 10(6) X5563 syngeneic tumor cells on day 0, and the tumor was surgically resected on day 10. The operation failed to prevent tumor death of these mice within 3 weeks. Autopsy of these mice revealed that death was due to systemic metastasis of tumor cells to lymphoid organs including the liver although the tumors had been successfully removed without any visible local recurrence. In this model, we administered IL-2 by intrasplenic injection daily for 3 days after operation. Mice treated with an intrasplenic injection of IL-2 showed a significantly prolonged survival time. Histological findings after this treatment revealed lymphoid cell proliferation of the spleen, no metastatic foci were found in the liver. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity from IL 2 injected spleen was also augmented. Intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of IL-2 were not effective. A major difficulty in achieving significant immunologic effect in vivo by IL-2 infusion is the relatively short half-life of IL-2. Therefore IL-2 administered directly into the responding lymphoid organ is theoretically reasonable. In fact, treatment with intrasplenic injection of IL-2 significantly augmented the antitumor activity. Splenic arterial infusion of IL-2 may be an appropriate route of administration for adjuvant immunotherapy in human cancer. PMID- 3499563 TI - [Interleukin II activity after open heart surgery]. PMID- 3499564 TI - Fluorinated androgens and progestins: molecular probes for androgen and progesterone receptors with potential use in positron emission tomography. AB - In order to develop imaging agents for receptor-positive tumors of the breast and prostate, we have investigated the binding affinity of several fluorine substituted steroids in the testosterone and nortestosterone series for the androgen receptor and the progesterone receptor. The 6 alpha- and 11 beta-fluoro , and 16 alpha-fluoroalkyl-substituted steroids were prepared by an olefin bromofluorination reaction followed by dehydrobromination or reductive debromination. The 17 alpha-fluoromethyl derivatives were prepared by fluoride ion attack on the 17-spiroepoxide or 17-spiro sulfate and the 17 alpha fluoropropynyl derivative, by reaction of a propargyl alcohol precursor with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride. Of the compounds synthesized, 17 alpha-(3-fluoro I-propynyl)nortestosterone was found to possess the highest binding affinity and selectivity for the progesterone receptor, and 11 beta fluoronordihydrotestosterone had the greatest affinity for the androgen receptor. Both receptor systems seem to tolerate reasonably well the substitution of fluorine for hydrogen. PMID- 3499565 TI - Combined effects of somatomedin-like growth factors with fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor in DNA synthesis in rabbit chondrocytes. AB - The somatomedin-like growth factors cartilage-derived factor (CDF) and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) stimulate DNA synthesis and proliferation of rabbit costal chondrocytes under serum-free conditions. Previously, we suggested that CDF and MSA act on chondrocytes in an early G1 phase to stimulate DNA synthesis. CDF and MSA have synergistic effects with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in stimulating DNA synthesis of the cells. The mode of combined action of CDF or MSA with EGF or FGF in chondrocytes was studied by sequential treatments with these agents. EGF or FGF had synergistic effects with CDF or MSA in stimulating DNA synthesis, even when added 10 h after the latter. Synergism was also observed in cells pretreated with CDF or MSA; That is, the cultures were treated for 5 h with CDF or MSA and then washed, and treated with FGF or EGF. However, when CDF or MSA was added more than 5 h after EGF or FGF, no synergism of effects was observed. These findings suggest that the cultured chondrocytes become activated to interact with FGF or EGF for commitment to DNA synthesis when they are exposed to somatomedin-like growth factors at an early stage in the G1 phase. Thus chondrocytes are under a different mechanism of growth control from fibroblastic cells. PMID- 3499566 TI - Independent regulation of transcription of the two strands of the c-myc gene. AB - Previously we demonstrated the existence of transcripts from the noncoding strand of a rearranged, truncated c-myc gene in murine plasmacytomas in which this oncogene is translocated to an immunoglobulin constant-region gene element (M. Dean, R. B. Kent, and G. E. Sonenshein, Nature [London] 305:443-446, 1983). Here we report on the transcription of the two strands of a normal, unrearranged c-myc gene. We examined the effects of gene rearrangements, growth state transitions, and differentiation on the relative levels of usage of the two strands. Transcription from intron 1 to exon 3 of the murine c-myc gene was studied in in vitro nuclear runoff assays. The level of transcription of the noncoding strand across this region of a germ line c-myc gene in a murine B-cell lymphoma line was comparable to the level observed in plasmacytomas with translocated c-myc genes. Rapid changes in transcription of the coding strand of the c-myc gene could be seen during growth arrest of WEHI 231 cells and during activation of splenic T lymphocytes. Transcription of the noncoding strand was constitutive during these growth state transitions and during activation of primary cultures of quiescent calf aortic smooth muscle cells as well. In contrast, differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells was accompanied by an early drop in transcription of the two strands of this gene. The ramifications of these findings with respect to measurements of c-myc gene transcription and to the regulation of this gene are discussed. PMID- 3499568 TI - Control of hematopoietic cell growth regulators during mouse fetal development. AB - Gene expression for the four different growth-regulatory proteins for cells of the myeloid hematopoietic cell lineages was analyzed in mouse fetal and extraembryonic tissues at various stages of development. The macrophage growth inducer MGI-1M (colony-stimulating factor 1) was the only myeloid hematopoietic growth regulator detected as both mRNA and bioactive protein during fetal development. This regulator was produced predominantly in extraembryonic tissues, and the production of hematopoietic growth regulators in embryogenesis was regulated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls. PMID- 3499567 TI - Different early-signaling pathways coupled to transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression during mitogenic activation of T lymphocytes. AB - Two categories of mitogen-induced mRNAs were defined in T lymphocytes. The type 1 messages (represented by c-myc) were regulated transcriptionally, and their expression seemed to be calmodulin dependent. The type 2 messages (ornithine decarboxylase, actin, and alpha-tubulin) were regulated posttranscriptionally through activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 3499569 TI - [Use of the plasmid R89S replicon for constructing integration vectors]. AB - It has been shown that the plasmid R89S derivatives can be used as integrative vectors for bacteria in which the plasmid is unable to replicate autonomously. The chromosomal and plasmid fragments of phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides have been cloned in plasmid pVZ365, a SmRKmR-derivative of R89S. The obtained recombinant plasmids were mobilized into R. sphaeroides cells by the I pcP-group conjugative plasmid R751. The frequencies of the SmR-transconjugants formation are 3.7.10(-5) to 5.6.10(-3) per recipient cell. The formation of the SmR-transconjugants has not been revealed in case of the plasmid pVZ365 mobilization. The recombinant molecules containing R. sphaeroides plasmid fragments have been shown to integrate into endogenous plasmids and form cointegrates with them. PMID- 3499571 TI - Synthetic peptides as vaccines. PMID- 3499570 TI - Retinal pigmented epithelial cells induced to transdifferentiate to neurons by laminin. AB - Although the regeneration of nervous tissue in the vertebrate is very limited, there are a few remarkable examples of this process. Understanding the factors that regulate CNS regeneration in those areas of the nervous system where it occurs, will doubtless provide generally applicable, essential information about the process. It has been known for some time that the amphibian retina regenerates following its destruction. Transplant studies, confirmed later by in vitro experiments, have shown that one source of new neurons in regenerating retina is the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). RPE cells can transdifferentiate to either neurons or lens cells in culture, but little is known about the factors that regulate this process. A recent study in vivo of retinal regeneration provided evidence that the association of RPE cells with the retinal vascular membrane is an important step in transdifferentiation. We report here that transdifferentiation in vitro is profoundly influenced by the substrate on which the cells are cultured; RPE cells plated on laminin-containing substrates frequently transdifferentiate into neurons. In addition, we have found a high concentration of laminin in the Rana retinal vascular membrane. Therefore, we propose that retinal regeneration is initiated by changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix that RPE cells contact early in the process. PMID- 3499572 TI - Differential expression of calmodulin-binding proteins in B, T lymphocytes and thymocytes. AB - Changes in intracellular free Ca2+ are involved in the transmembrane signalling of different cells, including lymphocytes. Since calmodulin (CaM) is a primary receptor for Ca2+ (ref. 4), it may mediate the activation of crucial enzymes after antigen-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+. Using a biotinylated-CaM (Bio CaM) detection procedure to identify such proteins, we found that a peptide of relative molecular mass 59,000 (59K) was the predominant soluble CaM-binding protein (CaM-BP) in T cells and B lymphocytes from murine spleen; immunoblotting experiments identified it as a subunit of the CaM-dependent phosphatase, 'calcineurin' (CN). Smaller amounts of larger CaM-BPs, thought to be cytoskeletal binding proteins, were also detected. CaM-BPs were expressed differentially, with B lymphocytes having four times more of the CN-like protein than T lymphocytes, while in thymocytes, a 65K polypeptide was the major CaM-BP. However, limited proteolysis analysis suggested that this thymus-specific peptide may be a precursor of CN. These data suggest that Ca2+-stimulated protein dephosphorylation may be an important and highly regulated function in lymphoid cells. PMID- 3499573 TI - Both immature and mature T cells mobilize Ca2+ in response to antigen receptor crosslinking. AB - T cells develop from prothymocytes which express no detectable antigen receptors to immature thymocytes with few receptors, eventually becoming mature thymocytes and peripheral T cells with 20,000-40,000 receptors per cell. Recent studies suggest that immature thymocytes are immunologically unresponsive. We have suggested that an early step in signal transduction following engagement of the T cell receptor might differ in immature and mature T cells. Here we examine anti receptor antibody mediated induction of calcium mobilization in immature and mature T cells. Results indicate that antigen receptors on both immature and mature receptor-positive T cells transduce signals via calcium mobilization. Significant differences were observed, however, between these populations in the magnitude of influx of extracellular Ca2+ following binding of antireceptor antibody. Specifically immature cells show a much reduced Ca2+ influx response compared to mature cells which could result from a low Ca2+ channel frequency in the plasma membranes of immature T cells, or from less efficient activation of existing channels. PMID- 3499574 TI - Vector-directed interleukin expression and infection. PMID- 3499576 TI - Clinical case conference, UNMC. Case 11-1986. PMID- 3499575 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-linked specificity of gamma delta receptor bearing T lymphocytes. AB - Several recent studies have identified a distinct subset of CD3(T3)+CD4-CD8-T lymphocytes that express a CD3-associated heterodimer made up of the protein encoded by the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma-gene and a second glycoprotein termed TCR delta (refs 1-4). TCR gamma delta is expressed on CD3+ thymocytes during fetal ontogeny before the appearance of TCR alpha-beta (alpha beta) (refs 5-7), on CD3+CD4-CD8- adult thymocytes, and on a subset (1-10%) of CD3+ cells in adult peripheral lymphoid organs and the peripheral blood. TCR gamma delta-expressing T cells probably represent a distinct mature T-cell lineage with the capacity to proliferate in response to receptor-mediated signals, and to display non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytolysis. Critical to understanding the function of this T-cell subset is the identification of the ligand(s) recognized by TCR gamma delta. Here we describe an alloreactive CD3+CD4-CD8-TCR gamma delta-expressing, TCR alpha beta-negative, T-cell line that manifests MHC linked recognition specificity for both proliferation and cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that T cells expressing TCR gamma delta are capable of self-non self MHC discrimination and that they can undergo MHC-influenced selection during differentiation like TCR alpha beta-expressing T cells. PMID- 3499577 TI - [Postoperatively developing serratus paresis as a legal problem]. AB - It is demonstrated in five exemplary cases that a neuralgic amyotrophy with particular involvement of the long thoracic nerve was the cause of a postoperative serratus paresis. In any case liability claims, it is essential for an expert's opinion on postoperative serratus paresis to differentiate this pathology from intraoperative injuries caused by pressure. Above all the interval between operation and the first manifestation of symptoms, as well as the development of distinct pain count against an intraoperative plexus lesion. PMID- 3499578 TI - [Primary T-cell type lymphoma of the central nervous system: a case report]. AB - A case of T cell type primary lymphoma of the CNS is reported. A 50-year-old man was admitted because of speech and memory disturbance and dyscalculia. He had suffered from uveitis of both eyes two years before admission. Neurological examination revealed motor aphasia, finger agnosia, dyscalculia and memory disturbance. CT scan showed a mass lesion which was enhanced irregularly by the contrast medium in the left temporoparietal region. CAG confirmed the presence of a left temporoparietal avascular mass. Total removal of the tumor was performed through the left temporoparietal craniotomy. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor was malignant lymphoma (diffuse, large cell type). Immunological study with tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid revealed that the tumor was T cell type malignant lymphoma. After postoperative whole CNS irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate injection, his preoperative symptoms disappeared. No evidence of the tumor recurrence is seen under CT scan one year and two months after the tumor resection. Relationship between the cell type of the tumor and CT findings is discussed. PMID- 3499579 TI - [A case of pituitary mass suggestive of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis]. AB - A 29-year-old woman suffered from frontalgia with vomiting and visual field defects in the 9th month of pregnancy. Two weeks after delivery, a pituitary mass with suprasellar extension was demonstrated on computed tomography (CT). Angiogram revealed elevation of bilateral A1 segments and right persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Repeated CT performed three months after delivery showed that the pituitary mass had undergone a spontaneous regression in size, and her visual impairment improved. The pituitary function tests revealed no response to ACTH, GH and PRL stimulation performed about a year after delivery. Laboratory data showed high titer of antinuclear antibody and low titer of complement. This case suggests that some patients with postpartum hypopituitarism suggestive of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, and with pituitary mass need not have early surgical intervention but may be closely observed and treated by hormone replacement alone. PMID- 3499580 TI - Dexamethasone inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in the rat paraventricular nucleus. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) gene expression was studied by combination of in situ hybridization histochemistry and steroid implantation. Dexamethasone micropellets, implanted around the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), caused total inhibition of the hybridizable CRF mRNA signal above the parvocellular neurons of the PVN. Unilateral implantation of dexamethasone around the PVN resulted in a decrease of hybridizable CRF mRNA at the dexamethasone-implanted side. Dexamethasone implants into the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, ventral subiculum, lateral septum or amygdala were without any effect on the CRF expression in the PVN. Corticosterone did not result in any significant change in CRF mRNA, when implanted into the paraventricular region, dorsal hippocampus or ventral subiculum. When it was placed into the amygdala however, in a few cases it slightly inhibited the CRF mRNA levels in the ipsilateral PVN. PMID- 3499581 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 2'-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, in the rat. AB - The distribution of the potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), 2' deoxycoformycin (DCF), in the brain of the rat and its inhibition of ADA in brain and gut was determined. The accumulation of [3H]DCF in brain was maximal 2 hr after intraperitoneal injection and elimination was best described by a two compartment model having t1/2 phases of about 1-5 hr and 50 hr. The activity of ADA in gut exhibited dose-related inhibition at 1.9, 3.7 and 18.6 mumol/kg (i.p.) and returned to normal by 16 days. In brain, ADA was inhibited by about 95% at all three of these doses of DCF 2 hr after injection and activity returned to control levels by 30 days with the two smaller doses, but remained at 66% of control levels at 50 days with 18.6 mumol/kg. The t1/2 of the recovery of the activity of ADA in both brain and gut was found to be dose-dependent. The failure of the activity of ADA in brain to recover after treatment with 18.6 mumol/kg suggests either long-term down-regulation of the expression of ADA or irreversible damage to ADA-containing neurons. PMID- 3499582 TI - Spinal cord stimulation for amelioration of spasticity: experimental results. AB - Fourteen cats underwent 500-g/cm dorsal impact injuries to the spinal cord and the placement of stimulating electrodes above and below the level of injury at T8. After recovery from the surgical procedure and the development of spasticity, each animal participated in several trials of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Cord stimulation was provided above or below the level of injury using currents of less than 0.75 mA at 100 Hz. Electromyogram changes in hamstring and quadricep muscles (during spasms induced by dorsiflexion of the paw) were monitored. All animals showed complete paraplegia and, at 3 weeks, severe spasms. Spasticity was aggravated by SCS delivered above the level of injury. Spasms were markedly suppressed by monopolar stimulation delivered below the level of the lesion. Effects were maximal with the negative electrode applied to the cord and were slightly less with reversal of polarity. Muscle excitation was seen before diminution of spasms when bipolar currents were used. All effects lasted only as long as currents were delivered. These animal trials suggest that the effects of SCS are directly related to the current and its type. Beneficial effects were seen only when currents were delivered below the level of injury; this suggests that SCS activates local inhibitory processes or depolarizes local excitatory pathways. The poor results with bipolar stimulation do not support action on a multisynaptic cord system in short term stimulation. PMID- 3499583 TI - Wilson's disease studied with FDG and positron emission tomography. AB - Four patients with Wilson's disease and eight normal controls were studied with 2 deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). The patients had diffusely reduced glucose metabolism in all brain regions evaluated compared with controls, with the exception of the thalamus. The ratio of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in the lenticular nuclei to hemispheres declined from 1.23 (+/- 0.14 SD) in controls to 1.03 (+/- 0.06) (p less than 0.025) in Wilson's disease patients. Compared with Huntington's disease, the PET FDG results in Wilson's disease indicate relatively less focal involvement of the caudate nucleus, more severe focal changes in the lenticular nuclei, and more significant global changes in glucose metabolism. PMID- 3499585 TI - 1-Methyl-4-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MCTP): an alicyclic MPTP-like neurotoxin. AB - 1-Methyl-4-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MCTP), an analog of MPTP, was found to be an MPTP-like neurotoxin. MCTP administration caused extensive losses of neostriatal dopamine and its major metabolites in male Swiss-Webster mice. Under similar experimental conditions, MCTP was approximately as potent as MPTP. Like MPTP, MCTP was a good substrate for monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) and its neurotoxicity was prevented in mice by AGN-1135, a selective inhibitor of MAO-B. The neurotoxicity of MCTP and of MPTP was also prevented by the dopamine uptake inhibitor mazindol. 1-Methyl-4-cyclohexylpyridinium ion (MCP+), the 4-electron oxidation product of MCTP, caused release of previously accumulated [3H]dopamine from mouse neostriatal synaptosomes. This release was blocked by mazindol, which indicates that MCP+, like 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), the 4-electron oxidation product of MPTP, is a substrate for the dopamine transport system. Like MPP+, MCP+ was found to inhibit the mitochondrial oxidation of NADH-linked substrates. It appears that conjugation between the tetrahydropyridine ring and a 4-substituent is not a requirement for an MPTP analog to possess neurotoxicity. PMID- 3499584 TI - Tomographic studies of rCBF with 99mTc-HM-PAO SPECT in comparison with PET in patients with primary brain tumors. AB - 99mTc-hexamethyl-propyleneamine-oxime (HM-PAO) was developed as a radiotracer of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with SPECT. THe purpose of this study was to investigate if HM-PAO is able to trace rCBF in primary brain tumors. In 10 patients with glioblastoma grade IV the intracerebral distribution of HM-PAO was studied in comparison with C15O2 steady state inhalation technique and PET for rCBF evaluation. In all instances the cerebral HM-PAO distribution was comparable with rCBF pattern as confirmed by a significant correlation of tumor to cortex ratios. The results indicate the clinical usefulness of HM-PAO for tracing rCBF in brain tumors. PMID- 3499586 TI - Altered lymphocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in patients with senile dementia. AB - Reductions in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of certain brain areas in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) have been found to correlate with the severity of the disease, suggesting a central cholinergic lesion. Since AChE is expressed on the surface of various blood cells too, the AChE activity of lymphocytes and erythrocytes was determined to test the possibility whether the cholinergic lesion is also reflected on these readily available cells. The AChE activity of lymphocytes in SDAT and in alcoholic dementia (AD) were significantly lower as compared to those of the age-matched healthy volunteers. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the activity of lymphocyte AChE between age-matched healthy controls and patients with multi-infarct dementia of vascular origin (MID). No changes could be demonstrated in the erythrocyte AChE activities of the patients studied, and the age-matched healthy individuals, when comparing them to the healthy blood donors. The AChE activity of lymphocytes may thus be a useful marker to follow the alterations in the metabolism of acetylcholine (ACh) in the central nervous system (CNS) of different types of dementia. PMID- 3499587 TI - Vestibular, olfactory, and vibratory responses of nucleus basalis prosencephali neurons in pigeons. AB - Evoked multiple unit responses were recorded through chronically implanted electrodes from the nucleus basalis prosencephali of the pigeon (Columba livia) upon vibratory stimulation of the beak-tip and airborne auditory stimulation, thus confirming earlier anatomical and physiological findings. Electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve led to similar short latency responses. A specific directional sensitivity to rotatory vestibular stimulation was observed. Pitch motions of the head in the downward direction evoked the most pronounced multi-unit responses. These results support the suggestion that the nucleus basalis prosencephali is a sensorimotor coordinator of the pigeon's pecking/feeding behaviour. PMID- 3499588 TI - Histological analysis of lymphocyte subsets infiltrated into mouse tumor tissue exposed to local irradiation. AB - The subsets of lymphocytes infiltrated into mouse tumor tissue exposed to irradiation were analyzed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase procedure using monoclonal antibodies. The effect of PSK administration was also analyzed. Microscopic observation revealed the intense lymphocytic reactions in the exposed tumor, especially 7 days after irradiation of 20 Gy, which mainly consisted of anti-L3T4 positive cells, whereas the degree of infiltration was lower in the nonexposed tumor. PSK was found to enhance T lymphocyte subset infiltration into the exposed tumor tissue. PMID- 3499589 TI - Extranodal oral lymphoma. Part II. Relationships between clinical features and the Lukes-Collins classification of 34 cases. AB - Thirty-four cases of extranodal oral lymphoma were classified according to the Lukes-Collins system on the basis of morphology and immunoperoxidase staining, and these findings were correlated with the clinical features of each case. Vestibule and gingiva, mandible, palatal soft tissue, and maxilla were, respectively, the most common locations for all the tumors, and the most frequently stated signs and symptoms were swelling, pain, paresthesia, anesthesia, ulceration, and discoloration. Eighty percent of the lymphomas were composed of transformed follicular center cells or postfollicular cells. Patients with lymphomas composed of nontransformed follicular center cells had a greater mean age than those with tumors of transformed follicular center cells or postfollicular cells, and a trend of decreasing age with increasing B cell transformation of the tumor type was seen. Within each Lukes-Collins category, the percentage of tumors that presented with bone involvement increased as the tumor category advanced in B cell transformation. Follow-up information indicated that the prognosis was poorest with postfollicular lymphomas, intermediate with transformed follicular center cell lymphomas, and best with nontransformed follicular center cell lymphomas. PMID- 3499590 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus infections in SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. AB - The prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was studied during three consecutive annual outbreaks (1983-1986) in SR Croatia, Yugoslavia. A total of 1,238 subjects were examined, using RSV isolation and immunofluorescent (DTFA) methods, with 1,042 showing the signs of respiratory infection and 207 of these having a positive RSV finding. Generally, the prevalence of mild upper respiratory infection (URTI) was 18%, reaching a peak of 30% at 1 year of age. The prevalence of severe lower respiratory tract infections with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup accounted for 51, 34.4, and 28.3% respectively. The highest incidence of RSV infection among respiratory cases was observed in the first 6 months of life (49.4%), being particularly high at the second month among those with URTI, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup (76.2%). Both sexes were equally susceptible to RSV infection (20.51% females, 19.03% males). RSV infections, seasonal incidence ranged from 25.55 to 30.31% in 1983/84 and 1984/85 respectively and dropped sharply to 8.93% in 1985/86. PMID- 3499591 TI - Rifampin for eradicating carriage of multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae b. AB - We studied the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in reducing the prevalence of ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b in four day care facilities after each center had individual cases of invasive infections (two meningitis, one pneumonia and one cellulitis) caused by multiply resistant organisms. Rifampin was given in a single daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 4 days. Cultures were taken pretreatment and 10 days after the last dose of rifampin. Included in the study were 174 children and 27 adults. We identified a total of 55 nasopharyngeal carriers; 45 received rifampin and 10 refused treatment. On the 10-day follow-up culture in the second sample, 95.5 and 20%, respectively, of treated and untreated children were no longer colonized with H. influenzae (P less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that rifampin can successfully reduce the prevalence of multiply resistant H. influenzae type b carriers attending day care centers. PMID- 3499592 TI - Vancomycin failure in staphylococcal endocarditis. PMID- 3499594 TI - Proceedings of a roundtable: Haemophilus influenzae type b: the disease and its prevention. PMID- 3499593 TI - Endophthalmitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis in infant rats. PMID- 3499595 TI - [Role of cyclic nucleotides in the regulation of immune responses in children with perinatal brain injuries]. PMID- 3499596 TI - [Immunologic status in children with various forms of diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 3499597 TI - [Clinico-immunologic substantiation of the duration of sanatorio-health resort treatment of children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3499599 TI - European Nuclear Medicine Congress 1987. Budapest, Hungary, August 24-28. Abstracts to the scientific programme. PMID- 3499598 TI - [Clinico-hematologic and prognostic characteristics of immunocytologic subvariants of lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3499600 TI - Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in infants owing to lymphonodular hyperplasia of the colon. PMID- 3499601 TI - [Value of studies of cellular immunity in the evaluation of the health status of middle-aged and elderly persons]. PMID- 3499602 TI - [Graft vs host reaction after blood transfusion in a child with a primary defect of cellular immunity]. PMID- 3499603 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of some 2-substituted 1-(3-pyridyl) 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. AB - Six derivatives of 2-aminoacetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (2a-f) were obtained, which yielded as a result of reduction with LiAlH4 six respective 2 aminoethyl-derivatives (3a-f). Pharmacological studies revealed that compounds 2f, 3e and 3f have sedative properties. None of the compounds possesses neuroleptic, antidepressive, anxiolytic, analgesic or anticonvulsant properties. PMID- 3499604 TI - [Extensive cavernous hemangioma of the rectum]. PMID- 3499605 TI - Gender differences in compliance behaviors and health perceptions of coronary bypass surgery patients. PMID- 3499606 TI - Mutagenicity of L-azaserine for V79 cells in a pancreatic acinar cell-mediated mutagenesis assay. AB - The mutagenicity of azaserine was determined in a pancreatic acinar cell-mediated mutagenesis assay using V79 cells as the responder cell line. The mutation frequency of V79 cells was increased in direct culture with azaserine as well as in coculture with rat and hamster pancreatic acinar cells. Although slightly higher mutation frequencies were seen with coculture, the mutation frequency induced by azaserine in coculture was not significantly enhanced over that observed in direct culture. Thus, azaserine cannot be used as a positive control to monitor the level of acinar cell metabolism in such cell-mediated mutagenesis assays. Statistical analysis suggested that hamster acinar cell cocultures were more effective at increasing the mutation frequency of azaserine as compared to rat acinar cell cocultures. Hamster acinar cell cocultures, but not rat acinar cell cocultures, increased the mutagenicity of azaserine in a dose-response fashion. These results suggest that azaserine may be a pancreatic carcinogen for the hamster as well as the rat. PMID- 3499607 TI - Synergy of interleukin 1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: in vivo stimulation of stem-cell recovery and hematopoietic regeneration following 5 fluorouracil treatment of mice. AB - The human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 produces hematopoietic growth factors [granulocyte and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM CSF)] and hemopoietin 1, which synergizes with CSFs to stimulate colony formation by primitive hematopoietic stem cells in 5-fluorouracil-treated mouse bone marrow. Molecular and functional properties of hemopoietin 1 identified it as identical to interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). When bone marrow cells from 5 fluorouracil-treated mice were cultured in suspension for 7 days with recombinant human IL-1 alpha and/or G-CSF, it was found that the two factors synergized to enhance recovery of myelopoietic cells and colony-forming cells of both high and low proliferative potential. G-CSF alone did not sustain these populations, but the combination had greater-than-additive stimulating capacity. In vivo, 5 fluorouracil (150 mg/kg) produced profound myelosuppression and delayed neutrophil regeneration for up to 2 weeks in C3H/HeJ mice. Daily administration of recombinant human G-CSF or recombinant human IL-1 alpha accelerated recovery of stem cells, progenitor cells, and blood neutrophils by up to 4 days in 5 fluorouracil-treated C3H/HeJ and B6D2F1 mice. The combination of IL-1 alpha and G CSF acted synergistically, reducing neutropenia and accelerating recovery of normal neutrophil numbers by up to 7 days. This was accompanied by accelerated regeneration of spleen colony-forming units and erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic progenitor cells in marrow and spleen, with enhanced erythroid and granulocytic differentiation. These results indicate the possible therapeutic potential of combination therapy with IL-1 and hematopoietic growth factors such as G-CSF in the treatment of chemotherapy- or radiation-induced myelosuppression. PMID- 3499608 TI - Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). AB - We have isolated bovine and human adrenal cDNA clones encoding the adrenal cytochrome P-450 specific for 11 beta-hydroxylation (P450c11). A bovine adrenal cDNA library constructed in the bacteriophage lambda vector gt10 was probed with a previously isolated cDNA clone corresponding to part of the 3' untranslated region of the 4.2-kilobase (kb) mRNA encoding P450c11. Several clones with 3.2-kb cDNA inserts were isolated. Sequence analysis showed that they overlapped the original probe by 300 base pairs (bp). Combined cDNA and RNA sequence data demonstrated a continuous open reading frame of 1509 bases. P450c11 is predicted to contain 479 amino acid residues in the mature protein in addition to a 24 residue amino-terminal mitochondrial signal sequence. A bovine clone was used to isolate a homologous clone with a 3.5-kb insert from a human adrenal cDNA library. A region of 1100 bp was 81% homologous to 769 bp of the coding sequence of the bovine cDNA except for a 400-bp segment presumed to be an unprocessed intron. Hybridization of the human cDNA to DNA from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrid lines and in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads of human chromosomes localized the gene to the middle of the long arm of chromosome 8. These data should be useful in developing reagents for heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency, the second most frequent cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3499609 TI - Recombinant hydrophilic region of murine retroviral protein p15E inhibits stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Retroviral envelope protein p15E and antigenically related proteins have been implicated as potential mediators of immune dysfunction associated with retroviral infections and with neoplasia. Due to its extreme hydrophobicity, purified p15E has not been available in a nondenatured form or in sufficient quantities for detailed studies on the mechanisms of its immunosuppressive effects. Therefore, a plasmid was constructed to direct the synthesis in Escherichia coli of the major hydrophilic region of murine p15E. The purified recombinant p15E derivative, soluble under physiological conditions, inhibited by up to 60% (EC50 = 7.5 nM) the anti-CD3-driven proliferation of human T lymphocytes but had no effect on the proliferation of the transformed T-cell line Jurkat. The recombinant protein also inhibited, by up to an average of 92% (EC50 = 2.1 microM), the proliferation of the murine T-cell line CTLL-2. These data (i) provide direct evidence that a retroviral envelope protein can itself inhibit lymphoproliferative function and (ii) map the inhibitory activity to a specific region of p15E. The availability of soluble, recombinant p15E should facilitate studies of the pathogenesis of the immunosuppression accompanying retroviral infections and neoplastic diseases. PMID- 3499610 TI - Production of transforming growth factor alpha in human pancreatic cancer cells: evidence for a superagonist autocrine cycle. AB - Previous work showed that cultured human pancreatic cancer cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In the present study, we sought to determine whether some of these cell lines produce transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). Utilizing a radiolabeled TGF-alpha cDNA in hybridization experiments, we determined that ASPC-1, T3M4, PANC-1, COLO-357, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines expressed TGF-alpha mRNA. Serum-free medium conditioned by T3M4 and ASPC-1 cells contained significant amounts of TGF-alpha protein. Although unlabeled TGF-alpha readily competed with 125I-labeled EGF for binding, each cell line exhibited lower surface binding and internalization of 125I-labeled TGF alpha as compared to 125I-labeled EGF. Both TGF-alpha and EGF significantly enhanced the anchorage-independent growth of PANC-1, T3M4, and ASPC-1 cells. However, TGF-alpha was 10- to 100-fold more potent than EGF. These findings suggest that the concomitant overexpression of EGF receptors and production of TGF-alpha may represent an efficient mechanism for certain cancer cells to obtain a growth advantage. PMID- 3499611 TI - B-cell-stimulatory factor 2 (beta 2 interferon) functions as a second signal for interleukin 2 production by mature murine T cells. AB - Purified peripheral murine T cells, in the presence of concanavalin A, can be activated to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) through stimulation either with a previously described murine lymphokine designated T cell-activating factor (TAF) or with a cloned human lymphokine that has been called beta 2 interferon, B-cell stimulatory factor 2, hybridoma growth factor, inducible 26-kDa protein, or hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor 309 by different investigators. We and others propose the designation interleukin 6 (IL-6) for the latter molecule. Our experiments demonstrate that either murine TAF or human IL-6 can restore the ability of purified T cells to proliferate in response to Con A or antibodies against the T-cell antigen receptor. Most if not all of the proliferation can be blocked by antibodies against the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. Furthermore, highly purified CD8- T cells can be activated by IL-6 in the presence of Con A to secrete IL-2. We propose that IL-6 and murine TAF are important "second signals" in primary antigen-receptor-dependent T-cell activation. Whether or not murine TAF is a homologue of human IL-6 remains to be determined. PMID- 3499612 TI - Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing: synergistic effects with other growth factors. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vitro stimulates DNA synthesis and chemotaxis of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and stimulates collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and collagenase production by fibroblasts. These in vitro properties suggest that PDGF, delivered by platelets to the site of injury in vivo, may play an important role in the initiation of the wound repair process. Studies presented here show that the addition of pure PDGF to a wound site involving the epidermis and dermis has little effect on the morphology or biochemistry of the healing wound. In contrast, the addition of partially purified PDGF resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in the width of the newly synthesized connective tissue and epidermal layers. Autoradiography using [3H]thymidine revealed increased numbers of labeled cells in the new connective tissue and epithelial layers. Furthermore, addition of partially purified PDGF resulted in significant increases in the rate of protein and DNA synthesis and the total content of these components in biopsies taken from the wound site. Similar effects were obtained when insulin-like growth factor I was added in combination with pure PDGF. This combination of factors caused a 2.4 fold increase in the width of the newly formed connective tissue layer and a 95% increase in epidermal thickness compared with controls. Insulin-like growth factor I alone caused no significant morphologic changes. Epidermal growth factor alone or in combination with PDGF resulted in a thickening only of the epidermis. These results indicate that the synergistic actions of other factors with PDGF are important in the modulation of the wound healing process. PMID- 3499615 TI - Use of food frequency techniques in epidemiologic research. PMID- 3499614 TI - Predominant suppression of neutrophil colony growth by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. AB - To investigate the suppressive effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) on colony growth of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU GM), cytochemical examinations of CFU-GM colonies were performed by a triple staining method. Each colony was classified into five subtypes, and the effects of rH-TNF on each subtype were analyzed. Neutrophil colony growth was inhibited by rH-TNF in a dose-dependent manner, and it was almost completely suppressed at 100 U/ml. In contrast, no significant suppressive effect of rH-TNF was found on the growth of monocyte-macrophage and eosinophil colonies at 100 U/ml or less. When recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor which almost exclusively stimulates neutrophil colony formation was used as a source of colony stimulating activity, the total colony growth was almost completely suppressed by 100 U/ml of rH-TNF. These results indicate predominant inhibition of neutrophil colony growth by rH-TNF. PMID- 3499613 TI - Phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides: inhibitors of replication and cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate analogs of certain oligodeoxynucleotides have been tested in vitro as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in human T cells. Phosphorothioate analogs complementary to HIV sequences, as well as noncomplementary analogs including homooligomers, exhibited potent antiviral activity. The antiviral activity was related to the base composition of the analogs, and longer phosphorothioates were more effective than shorter ones. A 28-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxycytidine (S-dC28) at a concentration of 1 microM exhibited potent antiviral activity and inhibited de novo viral DNA synthesis as shown by Southern blot analysis. However, S-dC28 failed to inhibit gag expression in chronically infected T cells assessed by immunofluorescent assay at concentrations up to 25 microM. An N3-methylthymidine-containing phosphorothioate analog, which does not hybridize efficiently in vitro to complementary normal DNA, showed no antiviral activity. A 14-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxycytidine (S-dC14) synergistically enhanced the antiviral activity of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, an anti-HIV nucleoside. Therefore, phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides could represent a unique class of experimental therapeutic agents against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related diseases. However, their mechanism of action is likely to be complex. PMID- 3499616 TI - Muscarinic-receptor induced myo-inositol trisphosphate accumulation, myosin light chain phosphorylation and contraction in the rabbit iris sphincter smooth muscle. AB - The data presented in this communication are in accord with the hypothesis that a synergistic interaction between IP3 and DG, the two arms of the polyphosphoinositide cycle, could play an important role in smooth muscle contraction (summarized in Fig. 2). Thus: (a) Dose-response relationships between IP3 accumulation, MLC phosphorylation and muscle contraction for CCh suggest a fairly good correlation between the biochemical and pharmacological responses. The finding that the CCh effects were blocked by the muscarinic antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine, suggests that both of these responses are controlled by muscarinic cholinergic receptors. The studies with pirenzepine suggest that IP3 accumulation as well as contraction in this smooth muscle are mediated by low affinity M2 receptors. (b) The kinetic data on atropine and pirenzepine antagonism also suggest a close relationship between IP3 accumulation, MLC phosphorylation and contraction, and furthermore they suggest that both the biochemical and pharmacological responses are competitively inhibited by the muscarinic antagonists. (c) Further evidence for a close relationship between agonist-stimulated PIP2 hydrolysis, MLC phosphorylation and contraction is provided by the time-course studies carried out at two different temperatures, 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C, and in the presence and absence of Ca2+. The data obtained from these studies indicate that the biochemical response may precede the physiological response in this tissue. (d) Finally, the studies on determining whether or not the C-kinase branch of the Ca2+ messenger system might play a role in regulating the tonic phase of agonist-induced smooth muscle contraction revealed that the phorbol ester, PDBu, but not PMA, induced MLC phosphorylation and contraction in a dose and time dependent manner. In addition, when added in combination with ionomycin, PDBu acted in a synergistic manner potentiating both the amount and rapidity of smooth muscle contraction. These findings suggest the presence of a C-kinase mediated contractile mechanism in the iris sphincter. The differential effects of phorbol esters observed in the present work could be due to the possibility that the iris sphincter is permeable to PDBu but not to PMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3499618 TI - Syntheses and biological properties of 8-carbamoylimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines and their heterocyclic analogs. AB - N-substituted 8-carbamoylimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidines, 9-carbamoylpyrimido[1,2 c]pyrimidines and 8-carbamoyloxazolo[2,3-c]pyrimidines were obtained by the reaction of N-substituted 5-carbamoyl-2-hydroxy-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidines with aminoalcohols or ethylene chlorohydrin. Some of the described compounds exhibit weak antiinflammatory and analgetic effects. PMID- 3499617 TI - Characterization and control of EGF-stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in A-431 cells. PMID- 3499619 TI - [The relative bioavailability of co-trimoxazole suspensions]. AB - The relative bioavailability of a co-trimoxazole suspension manufactured by VEB Berlin-Chemie (B); Belocid-Suspension was compared with a widespread used suspension (V) in healthy male students (22-29 ys. aged). A single oral dose of 160 mg trimethoprim (TPM) and 800 mg sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) produced similar blood levels with either preparation. The TMP peak levels were 1.44 +/- 0.18 (B) and 1.40 +/- 0.26 mg/l (V), respectively after 1.5 and 1.0 h on an average. The AUC amounted to 18.94 +/- 2.25 (B) and 17.19 +/- 3.62 mg . h/l (V), respectively. About one half (52.5%) of the given TMP dose was excreted unchanged by kidney within 48 h after administration of the respective suspension. The SMZ peak levels run to 37.2 +/- 10.3 (B) and 38.6 +/- 5.4 mg/l (V) after 3.6 +/- 3.5 and 1.3 +/- 0.8 h. The AUC were identical: 682.3 +/- 126.2 (B) vs. 686.9 +/- 165.8 mg . h/l (V). After both preparations 67% of the given SMZ dose could be detected in urine within 48 h. In two out of the eight volunteers the absorption of B was delayed, but it passed off to the same extent. In all other cases absorption of the suspension was accelerated in comparison with tablet administration studies reported. Peak blood levels of TMP and SMZ after ingestion of the suspensions reach the lower range of values resulting from tablet intake. Both suspensions are regarded interchangeable with respect to bioavailability, which is also comparable to co-trimoxazole tablets. PMID- 3499620 TI - The problem of Compton scattering in emission tomography: a measurement of its spatial distribution. PMID- 3499621 TI - Head and trunk movement responses in healthy children to induced versus self induced lateral tilt. AB - The purpose of our study was to determine head and trunk movement responses that occur in healthy 7-year-old children during induced and self-induced lateral tilt. Twenty subjects, while tailor sitting on a tiltboard, participated in three trials of both induced and self-induced left and right lateral displacements. Measurements of neck and trunk lateral flexion; trunk counterrotation; and neck, trunk, and body anterior-posterior movement were obtained from slide transparencies made at three stages of tilt (original position, initial tilt, and full tilt). For each subject in the two test conditions, changes in these measurements between the stages of tilt were determined and compared. Based on the results of multivariate analysis of variance procedures, we concluded that 1) a significant difference in trunk counterrotation existed between the two types of tilt, with the greatest degree of counterrotation occurring with induced displacement; 2) no significant difference existed in neck or trunk lateral flexion; and 3) no significant differences existed in neck, trunk, or body anterior-posterior movement between tilts. We also found that a wide variability of response existed among the children over the three testing trials. Clinical application of our results suggests that different and unique motor programs exist for automatic and willed balance responses. These differences should be considered when planning treatment strategies. PMID- 3499622 TI - Effect of high voltage stimulation on edema reduction in the rat hind limb. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the effect of high voltage stimulation (HVS) on edema reduction in the rat hindpaw. The animals were divided into a control group (n = 20) and a treated group (n = 20). The right hindpaw volume was measured, and then the animal's paw was traumatized. The animals in the treated group were treated with HVS at 24, 48, and 72 hours posttrauma. Paw volume measurements were made on all animals at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours posttrauma. In addition, the paw volume was measured in the treated group both before and after HVS. The results showed that animals in both groups had a significant decrease in paw volume over the experimental period, but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the amount of edema reduction. The HVS treatment did not produce a significant change in paw volume immediately after treatment. PMID- 3499623 TI - Suicide and homicide in USA prisons. PMID- 3499624 TI - Depressive symptoms before and one year after heart surgery. PMID- 3499625 TI - [Changes in the antigenic phenotype of mouse thymocytes after exposure to chemical inducers of differentiation and ionizing radiation]. AB - Irradiation of a mouse thymocyte fraction enriched by T-lymphocyte precursors changes the antigenic phenotype of cells toward the increase of their highly differentiated forms. Similar changes in membrane marker antigens are produced by chemical inductors of differentiation and thymotropin. The changes in the cell phenotype induced by the above agents are associated with both membrane and intragenome rearrangements. The results of the experiments on preventing the expression of some antigens by puromycin and the data on the level of spontaneous genome lesions in thymocyte fractions have prompted an assumption that destabilization of the genome upon irradiation increases DNA injury above some critical level which may serve a stimulus for "sorting out" the most radiosensitive thymocyte fraction. PMID- 3499627 TI - Narrow section computed tomography in diffuse lung disease. PMID- 3499626 TI - [Effect of fractionated thymocytes from intact and irradiated mice on CFU recovery in the bone marrow after sublethal irradiation]. AB - In studying the influence of thymocytes fractionated by their size in the ficoll density gradient on the CFUs content of the irradiated mouse bone marrow, two subpopulations of T-cells were isolated: the administration of the first thymocyte subpopulation decreased the CFUs content during the postirradiation recovery period while thymocytes of the second subpopulation increased the content of CFUs in the bone marrow. When thymocytes of mice exposed to low-level radiation were separated a considerable stimulatory effect was produced by certain thymus cell fractions on the number of CFUs in the bone marrow of exposed recipients; no inhibitory effect was registered. PMID- 3499628 TI - SPECT imaging of cerebral perfusion using 99m Tc labelled HM-PAO. PMID- 3499629 TI - Case study of a patient with bone disease. PMID- 3499630 TI - [Etiology of bony bridges on the sides of the terminal phalanx of the great toe]. AB - Bony bridges along the sides of the terminal phalanx of the great toe occur not only in acromegaly but also in one third of cases with peripheral signs of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis with chronic inflammation of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe or extraarticular osseous changes in the terminal phalanx of the great toe do not influence the development of such bridges. PMID- 3499632 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide: antinociceptive activity in rats, comparison with calcitonin. AB - The effects of synthetic human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on nociceptive response were evaluated in rats by two behavioral tests (tail-flick and hot-plate) and by electrophysiological recording of the firing of thalamic neurons evoked by peripheral noxious mechanical stimuli. CGRP was administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and its effects were compared with that of salmon calcitonin (sCT). In the tail-flick test, CGRP (0.25, 2.5 and 5 micrograms/rat) dose-dependently increased response latencies, whereas sCT (0.125, 2.5, 5 and 10 micrograms/rat) did not. Conversely, in the hot-plate test CGRP was effective in enhancing response latencies only at the highest dose of 10 micrograms/rat, while sCT (0.125, 0.25 and 2.5 micrograms/rat) inhibited the hot plate response dose-dependently. In electrophysiological studies, CGRP (2.5 micrograms/rat, i.c.v.) completely inhibited the evoked neuronal thalamic firing and the same dose of sCT induced only a partial reduction. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effects of CGRP in the tail-flick test and in the electrophysiological studies were not prevented by naloxone. These results demonstrate that central administration of CGRP is effective in inhibiting nociceptive responses and its action like that of sCT does not involve an opioid mechanism. The differences in the antinociceptive profiles of CGRP and sCT suggest that the inhibitory effects of these peptides may involve different neuronal pathways. PMID- 3499631 TI - [Dentures lined with Visco-Gel with an added antifungal agent as a treatment method for denture oral lesions complicated by infections with yeast-like fungi- laboratory studies]. PMID- 3499633 TI - [Study of quantitative evaluation of liver volume and accumulation rate of radioactive agent with single photon emission computed tomography]. AB - The quantitative evaluation on measurement of liver volume and the hepatic accumulation rate of the radioactive agent were studied with respect to body constitution, background activity and splenic consumption rate, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The optical cut-off level for liver volume determination was proved to be reasonable as 35%. The background less than 5% had no influence to their clinical estimation with the error of less than 1.6%. The estimation of liver volume was mostly influenced by the splenic activity. When the splenic activity was increased two times of the hepatic activity, the liver volume was determined as 4.2% larger. Calculated counts by SPECT was well correlated with the hepatic activity. This study proved that SPECT was useful for the quantitative evaluation of the liver volume and the hepatic accumulation rate. PMID- 3499634 TI - [Present status fo continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Brazil]. PMID- 3499635 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): 5 years' experience]. PMID- 3499636 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of bronchogenic cysts. Report of 11 cases]. PMID- 3499637 TI - [Woman's health and family planning]. PMID- 3499638 TI - [Rare complications in hernia. Report of a case of acute appendicitis in incisional hernia]. PMID- 3499639 TI - [Non-traumatic Clostridium infections]. PMID- 3499640 TI - [Hazards in the use of ventilators]. PMID- 3499641 TI - [Open lung biopsy in children for the histopathologic diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary disease of severe course]. PMID- 3499642 TI - [Evaluation of height during puberal development]. PMID- 3499643 TI - [Weill-Marchesani syndrome]. PMID- 3499645 TI - [Bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3499644 TI - Reduction of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in mouse striatum by 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and its recovery by levodopa treatment. AB - The effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration on muscarinic chelinergic receptors (mACh-R) in the mouse striatum and their modulation with levopoda treatment were studied. Striatal mACh-R binding decreased significantly 6 weeks after MPTP treatment, but recovered to control levels 2 weeks after treatment with levodopa. The changes in the mACh-R were caused by changes in receptor binding capacity but not associated with receptor binding affinity. These results suggests that striatal mACh-R is dependent on dopaminergic activity in the striatum. PMID- 3499646 TI - [Focal chronic ischemia and concomitant migraine: an atypical form of Sturge Weber angiomatosis?]. AB - A young man with a left hemifacial hemangioma had during a six months period about forty left hemispheric neurologic attacks suggestive of classic migraine. The neurologic examination was normal during the attack-free period. The CT scan (fig. 1) and the M.R.I. study (fig. 2) only showed a moderate interhemispheric asymmetry. The left internal carotid angiogram showed subtle anomalies of the venous system (fig. 3). All the neurologic manifestations ceased as soon as therapy by aspirin was initiated. A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study with the oxygen 15 continuous inhalation technique was performed 7 months after the last attack in order to measure the regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF), Oxygen Extraction Fraction (rOEF) and Oxygen Consumption (rCMRO2). Striking, statistically significant, alterations were observed in the left temporo-parieto occipital area (fig. 4) consisting of a "misery perfusion" syndrome (rCBF = 28-38 ml/100 g/mn; rOEF = 0.64-0.80), without alteration in the rCMRO2 (Table). A repeated PET study 12 months later was unchanged. The association of local chronic oligemia and ipsilateral facial hemangioma, ipsilateral cerebral hypotrophy and venous anomalies suggested the diagnosis of atypical leptomeningeal angiomatosis of the Sturge-Weber type. The importance and persistence of the hemodynamic alterations suggest that chronic oligemia and, hence, tissue hypoxia may participate in the pathogenesis of the migraine-like attacks. Moreover, local circulatory stasis with thrombotic events may be implicated, as suggested by the apparent efficacy of aspirin. PMID- 3499647 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma. Otoneurosurgical approach]. AB - From 1973 until November 1984, 224 cerebello-pontine angle tumors, 180 of them isolated neurinomas, were operated on. In a large majority of cases (160) through the widened trans-labyrinthine approach, advocated by House and Hitselberger was used. Despite advances in diagnostic procedures two out of three of these neurinomas were discovered only when they were already quite big. The post operative overall death rate was 5 p. 100, tumor removal was complete in 96 p. 100 of cases and the facial nerve continuity was respected in 87 p. 100 of cases. These overall results can be still improved because in the last 50 cases, no death occurred, the removal was always total and the facial nerve continuity was respected in 96 p. 100 of cases. The problem of hearing preservation, impossible by this approach, is discussed. The necessity of facial nerve preservation and total removal, in order to prevent recurrence, is emphasized. It often seems very difficult to preserve hearing and to completely remove the tumor and at the same time, have the highest chance of saving the facial nerve. PMID- 3499648 TI - [Prevention of gastrointestinal hemorrhages in intensive care]. PMID- 3499650 TI - HLA-DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. A Swiss collaborative study; final report. PMID- 3499649 TI - Organ-specific autoantibodies in non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sera from 367 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 102 patients with other non-organ-specific (NOS) autoimmune diseases were examined for the presence of organ-specific (OS) autoantibodies. The incidence of these OS autoantibodies was not increased in patients with NOS autoimmune diseases with the exception of thyroglobulin antibodies, which were significantly more frequent in RA (P less than 0.001) and in Sjogren's syndrome (P less than 0.05) patients than in normal controls. Investigation of 169 patients with OS autoimmune diseases did not reveal an increased prevalence of NOS autoantibodies. In RA patients, OS autoantibodies correlated with NOS autoantibodies (P less than 0.04) and with HLA DR3 antigen (P less than 0.01). PMID- 3499652 TI - Phenotypic characterization of mononuclear cell infiltrate in chronic active hepatitis (CAH) of different etiology. AB - The morphologic characterization of portal and lobular infiltrates of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was performed on liver biopsy sections from 18 patients: 6 HBsAg-positive/anti-delta-negative with tissue signs of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, 6 HBsAg-positive/anti-delta-positive with tissue signs of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) replication, and 6 HBsAg-negative without clinical or serologic evidence of autoimmune disease. No statistically significant differences were found among all the three groups of patients studied. Results from the 6 HBsAg negative cases with T4/T8 ratio greater than 1 confirm the differences reported between this type and autoimmune forms of CAH. The lack of statistically significant differences among patients with CAH of different etiology suggests that etiologic factors play a minor role in determining the characteristics of the inflammatory liver infiltrates. PMID- 3499651 TI - Characterization of IL-2 responsive synovial T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. II. Functional properties. AB - Lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid (SFL) were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cloned under limiting-dilution conditions without prior activation but in the presence of exogenous interleukin (IL)-2. The precursor frequencies of such in vivo activated IL-2-responsive cells were higher in RA SFL (1/83) than in RA PBL (1/201) or normal PBL (1/377). These HLA-Dr/Ia-positive clones expressed T-cell markers CD3 and T101 and were either CD4- or CD8-positive but lacked NK markers CD11, CD16, and HNK-1. All such clones were cytotoxic for NK-sensitive K562 targets and NK-insensitive Raji cell targets. These cells, which most closely resemble nonmajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted cytotoxic T (CTL) cells, are present with increased frequency in RA synovial fluids. PMID- 3499653 TI - HLA-DR expression and neopterin levels as activity markers in multiple sclerosis. AB - We adopted a new double-immunofluorescence labelling assay on prefixed isolated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for class II expression (HLA-DR) on T cells. No accumulation of such cells was demonstrated in MS CSF. In contrast, patients with acute aseptic meningo-encephalitis (AM) displayed accumulation in CSF of activated, DR positive T cells as a marker of actively involved cellular immunity within the CNS. Thus, enumeration of DR expressing T cells in CSF can not currently be used as reflection of disease activity in MS. In contrast, determination of neopterin levels in CSF may be a useful marker of disease activity in this disease. Levels of neopterin, a factor known to be released from macrophages and monocytes at increased rates in cellular immune reactions, were higher in CSF in 10 of 12 patients with MS during clinical exacerbations in comparison with remissions. This significant elevation in CSF was not reflected in serum. We have also reported high neopterin levels in CSF in a majority of patients during acute phase of AM followed by normalization after clinical recovery. It is concluded that neopterin in CSF is a valuable marker of acute cellular immune response, and should represent an objective way to monitor disease activity in MS, e.g. in relation to effects of putative therapeutic agent. PMID- 3499654 TI - The control of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with retinoic acid. Further studies. AB - Two form of retinoic acid (RA) prevented the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. RA suspended in corn oil was given before the expected onset of the disease to rats immunized with myelin and to controls. The drug suppressed the neurological symptoms as well as the perivascular infiltrates observed in vehicle treated animals. The results indicate that, under these experimental conditions, RA has immunosuppressive activity by interfering with the efferent phase of the immune response. PMID- 3499655 TI - [Loss of digital substance in rheumatic diseases. Apropos of 43 cases]. AB - The authors briefly summarize 16 cases involving digital necrosis observed in the course of rheumatic disorders (3 carpal tunnel syndromes, 2 cases of panarteritis, 2 of rheumatoid arthritis, 2 of lupus erythematosus, 2 of scleroderma, 2 of dermatomyositis, 1 of adult form of Still's disease, 1 of gout, and 1 case of cryoglobulinemia). In addition the case reports of 129 patients with connective tissue disease were reviewed (74 cases of disseminated lupus erythematosus, 43 of scleroderma, and 12 mixed connective tissue disorders). Soft tissue destruction of digits was observed in 15, 39 and 25% of these patients respectively, and true tissue necrosis of varying extent in 7, 9 and 0% of these cases. The incidence and pathogenic mechanisms responsible for these disorders and lesions were discussed. PMID- 3499656 TI - [Radiological lesions of the hands in rheumatoid arthritis with rheumatoid factors and antinuclear antibodies]. AB - Hand radiograms of 119 consecutive patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined. The patients were distributed in different groups: 46 with (RF+) and 73 without (RF-) rheumatoid factor; 23 with (ANA+) and 96 without (ANA ) antinuclear antibodies. We found that RF+ group significantly differs from the RF- in order to the presence of symmetrical erosions of proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) and the presence of monolateral erosions of metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP), particularly of the 2nd. We also observed that the frequency of MCP erosions, particularly of the 2nd was higher in ANA+ than in ANA-, and that monolateral PIP erosions were higher in ANA- than in ANA+ group. Moreover, the patients having both RF and ANA more frequently show erosions of symmetrical PIP and monolateral MCP as well as monolateral of the carp. It is therefore suggested that in RA patients having RF or ANA the articular lesions of the hand are different from those of the patients who don't show such serological markers. PMID- 3499658 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood in chronic schizophrenia]. PMID- 3499657 TI - Osteocalcin and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in the differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia of malignancy. AB - Osteocalcin (serum bone-Gla protein, sBGP), serum alkaline phosphatase (sAP) and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (uOH-Prol/creatinine) have been measured in 21 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and in nine patients with hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HM). A positive linear correlation between sBGP and uOH-Prol/creatinine ratio (y = 0.023 + 0.0025x; r = 0.705; p less than 0.01) and between sBGP and sAP (y = 35.6 + 2.14x; r = 0.430, p less than 0.05), have been observed in the PHPT patients. No correlation was found in the HM patients. PHPT patients have been grouped according to their uOH-Prol/creatinine ratio (group A: uOH-Prol/creatinine greater than 0.034; group B: uOH-Prol/creatinine less than or equal to 0.034). Group A presented sBGP higher than the control group (11.06 +/- 5.7 vs. 4.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml; p less than 0.001) (mean +/- SD). Group B presented sBGP similar to the control group (4.4 +/- 1.96 ng/ml) (mean +/- SD). Group A presented serum calcium (sCa) higher than group B (3.11 +/- 0.28 vs. 2.78 +/- 0.09 mmol/l; p less than 0.01) (mean +/- SD). In HM patients uOH-Prol/creatinine ratio was elevated as compared with the control group (0.074 +/- 0.036 vs. 0.024 +/- 0.004; p less than 0.001) (mean +/- SD), but sBGP was normal or low (range: indetectable-5.1 ng/ml). The simultaneous estimations of sBGP and uOH Prol/creatinine ratio improve the differential diagnosis between these two forms of hypercalcaemia: high uOH-Prol/creatinine ratio with concomitant high sBGP point to the presence of PHPT. Elevated uOH-Prol/creatinine ratio with normal or low sBGP suggest the existence of HM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499659 TI - [The role of evaluation in the educational process taking place in medical schools]. PMID- 3499660 TI - [Thin-layer chromatography of pyridine coenzymes and their disintegration products]. PMID- 3499661 TI - [Computer monitoring and processing of electrophysiologic signals]. PMID- 3499662 TI - [Superoxide dismutase and lipoperoxidation activity after hyperthermia in tumors]. PMID- 3499664 TI - [The PPN-3 mechanoelectrical transducer (instructional aid)]. PMID- 3499663 TI - [Genotoxic risks of drugs and their testing using chromosome analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes with cisplatin as an example]. PMID- 3499665 TI - [Atrial stimulation at the patient's bedside]. PMID- 3499666 TI - [Immunoscintigraphy using radio-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Development of a method of cancer diagnosis and hopes for a new form of therapy]. AB - Personal results are presented to illustrate the development of immunoscintigraphy for the detection of cancer over the last 12 years, from the early experimental results in nude mice grafted with human colon carcinoma to the most modern form of immunoscintigraphy applied to patients, using I123 labeled Fab fragments from monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies detected by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The first generation of immunoscintigraphy used I131 labeled, immunoadsorbent purified, polyclonal anti CEA antibodies and planar scintigraphy, as the detection system. The second generation used I131 labeled monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies and SPECT, while the third generation employed I123 labeled fragments of monoclonal antibodies and SPECT. The improvement in the precision of tumor images with the most recent forms of immunoscintigraphy is obvious. However, we think the usefulness of immunoscintigraphy for routine cancer management has not yet been entirely demonstrated. Further prospective trials are still necessary to determine the precise clinical role of immunoscintigraphy. A case report is presented on a patient with two liver metastases from a sigmoid carcinoma, who received through the hepatic artery a therapeutic dose (100 mCi) of I131 coupled to 40 mg of a mixture of two high affinity anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies. Excellent localisation in the metastases of the I131 labeled antibodies was demonstrated by SPECT and the treatment was well tolerated. The irradiation dose to the tumor, however, was too low at 4300 rads (with 1075 rads to the normal liver and 88 rads to the bone marrow), and no evidence of tumor regression was obtained. Different approaches for increasing the irradiation dose delivered to the tumor by the antibodies are considered. PMID- 3499667 TI - Identification of putative human T cell receptor delta complementary DNA clones. AB - A novel T cell receptor (TCR) subunit termed TCR delta, associated with TCR gamma and CD3 polypeptides, was recently found on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. T cell-specific complementary DNA clones present in a human TCR gamma delta T cell complementary DNA library were obtained and characterized in order to identify candidate clones encoding TCR delta. One cross-hybridizing group of clones detected transcripts that are expressed in lymphocytes bearing TCR gamma delta but not in other T lymphocytes and are encoded by genes that are rearranged in TCR gamma delta lymphocytes but deleted in other T lymphocytes. Their sequences indicate homology to the variable, joining, and constant elements of other TCR and immunoglobulin genes. These characteristics, as well as the immunochemical data presented in a companion paper, are strong evidence that the complementary DNA clones encode TCR delta. PMID- 3499668 TI - Interaction of a liver-specific nuclear factor with the fibrinogen and alpha 1 antitrypsin promoters. AB - The orderly and sequential activation of genes during development is hypothesized to be related to the selective expression of groups of regulatory proteins acting primarily at the level of transcription. A nuclear protein was found in hepatocytes, but not other cell types, that binds to a sequence required for hepatocyte-specific transcription of the gene for the beta chain of fibrinogen. This protein, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1), also interacts with homologous sequences required for optimal promoter function of the genes for the alpha chain of fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin. The promoter or enhancer regions for several viral and cellular genes not expressed in the liver did not compete for this binding. The restricted expression of HNF1 and its selective interaction with the control regions of several liver-specific genes indicate that it is involved in developmentally regulated gene expression in the liver. PMID- 3499669 TI - International cross-section analysis of the determination of mortality. AB - An essential ingredient in the evaluation of policies concerning health services is knowledge of the impact of health services and other factors on the health of the population. One method of obtaining this information is from the regression analysis of international cross-section data on mortality rates, health service provision, income levels, consumption patterns, and other variables hypothesised to affect population health. The investigation of the determinants of population health is in many ways akin to the estimation of production functions which describe the relationship between the output of goods or services and the mix of inputs used in their production. The purpose of our paper is to use this analogy to discuss, and provide examples of, the problems which arise with the statistical investigation of mortality rates. Issues raised include simultaneous equation bias, multicollinearity, selection of explanatory variables, omitted variable bias, definition and measurement of variables, functional forms, lagged relationships and temporal stability. These problems are illustrated by replication and re-analysis, using new data, of the well known study by Cochrane, St Leger and Moore. PMID- 3499670 TI - [Transcutaneous electrostimulation in sympatho-adrenal crises]. PMID- 3499671 TI - Human gene coding for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is assigned to the q21-q22 region of chromosome 17. AB - Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of colony stimulating factors which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. A full-length cDNA clone coding human G-CSF was used as a hybridization probe to detect homologous sequence in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids, flow-sorted human chromosomes, and in situ human metaphase chromosomes. The results indicate that the gene encoding human G-CSF is on the q21-q22 region of chromosome 17, which is involved in translocation of t(15;17) (q23;21) in human acute promyelocytic leukemia. PMID- 3499672 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy children]. PMID- 3499673 TI - Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome). A study of craniofacial morphology, associated malformations and familial relations. AB - The aims of the present thesis were to study the craniofacial morphology and growth pattern in individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia, to check the presence of associated malformations and to elucidate the etiological factors. The thesis was based on five investigations. A cross-sectional cephalometric study of the craniofacial morphology of 97 Binder-subjects was performed. Comparison of 36 variables measured was made between these subjects and a control material, consisting of children with orthognathic profile and normal occlusion, matched for sex and age. Highly significant differences were found in a number of variables, correlated to the maxillary retrognathia and associated with the very characteristic appearance of individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia. The growth and development was studied in two longitudinal groups: one consisting of 13 orthodontically untreated children and one consisting of 15 orthodontically treated patients at corresponding ages. The untreated children were compared with the same reference material as in the crossectional study. It was then shown that all linear dimensions changed with age, parallel with normal growth and to about the same extent, although on another level for some variables. Comparison between the two longitudinal groups was made in order to study the possible positive effect of orthodontic treatment on craniofacial growth in Binder-subjects. No such influence could be stated. However, the graphical description of the groups, by means of facial polygons, revealed marked divergences even at early ages, remaining throughout the growth period. In the more severe cases, the maxillary retrognathia was aggravated by the craniofacial morphology of the lower face, similar to that of Class III-anomalies. In these cases, the orthodontic treatment has to be combined with surgical correction after completed growth. Associated malformations of the cervical spine were radiographically examined in 43 Binder subjects. Defects of varying severity were observed in 44.2% of the patients. No clinical symptoms were found at early ages. An etiological study of 50 patients with maxillonasal dysplasia was performed to elucidate possible genetic factors. The results indicated two possible hypotheses: either the syndrome is caused by an autosomal recessive allele or it is of a quantitative multifactorial character with a threshold. The results did not disprove the possibility of a genetic etiology, although it might not be the full explanation for the syndrome. In conclusion, individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia shall be subjected to a thorough treatment planning in collaboration between orthodontists and surgeons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3499674 TI - [The outcome of viral hepatitis B and cellular immunity function]. AB - Immunological examination of 158 patients with viral type B hepatitis (VH) was performed over time. Patients with HBsAg elimination for 60 days from the onset of jaundice and a favorable outcome of hepatitis at the height of the process demonstrated a decrease in the relative number of theophylline resistant lymphocytes (T-helpers), a decrease in theophylline sensitive lymphocytes (T suppressors), an increase in the helper/suppressor (H/S) ratio up to 13.1/1 (the normal ratio being 3.9/1), a certain increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, activation of rosette-forming function of neutrophils, and a tendency to an increase in the activity of natural killer cells (NK). Patients with HBs antigenemia over 60 days with subsequent convalescence also demonstrated similar changes of immunoregulating T-lymphocyte subpopulations but they developed later in relation to the onset of viral hepatitis. In the formation of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) there was no decrease in the absolute and relative number of T-suppressors from the onset of disease, the level of T-helpers and the H/S ratio were moderately lowered. Unlike CPH the suppression of the effector link of the immune system (phagocytosis and NK) and a decrease in the level of T suppressors were noted in the development of chronic active hepatitis in all the periods of the process. The application of the above regularities to prognosis of VH outcomes, the choice and assessment of efficacy of immunocorrective therapy was discussed. PMID- 3499675 TI - [Endoscopy in the diagnosis of lesions of the upper digestive tract in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 3499676 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of chronic active hepatitis of viral etiology]. PMID- 3499677 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and generalized lymphadenopathy in persons seropositive for the HIV virus]. AB - Of 20 examined Africans who were seropositive to HIV in the Western Blot technique, the syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency was found in 2, generalized lymphoadenopathy in 17; in one patient infection was asymptomatic. A decrease in the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio was noted in all the examinees, in 88% of the patients the Ig level was elevated. Each case was described. PMID- 3499678 TI - [Antibodies reacting with the antigens of the human immunodeficiency virus in systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - A study was made of the level of anti-HTLV-111 using an enzyme immunoassay (Emzygnost-anti-HTLV-111) in 75 donors and 143 patients with various diseases including SLE (57), rheumatoid arthritis (9), Sjogren's disease (3), Bekhterev's disease (2), polymyositis (2), dilatation cardiomyopathy (30), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (40). Anti-HTLV-111 were detected in 26 SLE patients and in one patient with polymyositis. A study of positive sera using immunoblotting showed no interaction with virus antigens. A conclusion was made that the detection of anti-HTLV-111 in systemic rheumatoid diseases was a false-positive result. PMID- 3499679 TI - [Electrical stimulation of respiration in the combined treatment of patients with tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 3499680 TI - Free platelet count and size distribution during C1q inhibition of collagen induced platelet aggregation. AB - Electronic free platelet counting was more sensitive than turbidimetry to detect collagen-induced platelet activation in human platelet-rich plasma. Purified human C1q exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in turbidimetry than free platelet counting. Because the change from small to large platelet aggregates is responsible for the continuing increase in light transmission, C1q was likely more capable of blocking the formation of large platelet aggregates than the formation of small aggregates from single platelets. The rate of change by collagen in light transmission and free platelet count was reduced in the presence of C1q but the timing of the peak response remained the same. Electronic platelet sizing revealed that the volume of single platelets transiently increased during the turbidimetric "lag phase". The mean, mode and median volume of the remaining free platelets then decreased, suggesting a selective loss of large, functionally more active platelets and/or platelet degranulation. C1q had no effect on the volume increment during the "lag phase", but reduced the subsequent fall in the volume of free platelets. PMID- 3499682 TI - Abnormal structure of von Willebrand factor in myeloproliferative syndrome is associated to either thrombotic or bleeding diathesis. AB - The multimeric and subunit patterns of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) were analyzed in eight patients with myeloproliferative syndrome (MS) in order to investigate the possible existence of heterogeneity in the "in vivo" proteolytic cleavage of the protein, previously observed in this entity. Six patients lacked large vWF multimers, five of them having normal bleeding times (BT) and clinically documented episodes of thrombotic origin, whereas one patient had long BT and bleeding symptoms. Seven patients showed a relative increase in the 176 kDa subunit fragment while the 189 kDa polypeptide was increased in only one. In addition, another patient (and prior to any therapy) showed the presence of a new fragment of approximately 95 kDa which disappeared after Busulfan therapy. The collection of blood from these patients with proteinase inhibitors did not correct the abnormalities. The infusion of DDAVP to two patients with abnormal vWF was accompanied by: the appearance of larger vWF multimers which disappeared rapidly from plasma; an increase in the relative proportion of the satellite bands of each multimer and a further increase of the 176 kDa fragment. These data point to some heterogeneity in the vWF abnormality present in MS which may be related in part to a variable degree of proteolysis of vWF occurring "in vivo" rather than "in vitro", and which may be associated to either a thrombotic or a bleeding diathesis. They also suggest that despite the presence of abnormal, already proteolyzed vWF, DDAVP-enhanced proteolysis occurs in MS to a similar extent to what is described in normal individuals. PMID- 3499681 TI - A simple method for analyzing factor IX activation in the patients with hemophilia B variants. AB - A simple method for analyzing the activation mechanism of FIX in patients with hemophilia B variants is described. The procedure consists of rapid partial purification of FIX by BaCl2 adsorption-elution from only 3 ml of plasma, incubation with FXIa/Ca2+, SDS-PAGE, western blotting and subsequent autoradiography using monoclonal anti-FIX antibody. Abnormal FIX from the plasma of 7 unrelated patients with hemophilia BR, B+ or BM was investigated. A time course study showed that FIX in the patient with hemophilia BM (Nagoya I), BM (Nagoya II) and B Kawachinagano seemed not to be cleaved by FXIa, FIX in the patient with hemophilia B Kashihara was partially cleaved, FIX in the patient with hemophilia BM (Takatsuki) showed delayed cleavage, and that FIX in the patient with hemophilia BM (Niigata) and BM (Kiryu) was cleaved completely at a rate similar to normal FIX. These findings were identical to those previously observed for the respective factors in a purified system. The procedure used here is useful for screening for a defective activation mechanism of abnormal FIX. PMID- 3499683 TI - Reduced protein C levels in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 3499685 TI - MHC class II restricted self-recognition after allostimulation: clonal analysis. AB - After allostimulation in vitro using a combination of HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, D identical but HLA-DP different homozygous typing cells, 34 T cell clones were derived. Thirty-one of them were alloreactive clones, but three clones were found to be autoreactive. One of these autoreactive clones was further expanded. In order to characterize in more detail the determinant restricting the autologous response, a panel of HLA-typed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or Epstein-Barr virus lymphoblastoid cell lines (EVB-LCL) was typed. A good correlation of typing responses with the self haplotype HLA-A1, B8, Cw7, DR3, DRw52, DQw2 was found. Typing responses also segregated together with this haplotype in informative families. Blocking studies using MHC class I and II specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) linked the restricting determinant to MHC class II molecules. The clone which was both autoproliferative and autocytotoxic bore the CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(-), Ia(+) phenotype. Antibiotics or foreign plasma proteins were ruled out as restricted determinants. PMID- 3499684 TI - Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from cultured human endothelial cells inhibits aggregation of human platelets. AB - The present study was designed to investigate whether endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) produced by cultured human endothelial cells (HEC) inhibits the aggregation of human platelets. Microcarrier beads covered with HEC from umbilical veins (approximately 2 X 10(6)) or empty beads (as controls) were co-incubated in an aggregometer with washed human platelets (approximately 5 X 10(7)). Indomethacin was present throughout and no prostacyclin production (measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by radioimmunoassay) could be detected. The presence of HEC markedly inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and this inhibition was further enhanced by bradykinin, a stimulator of EDRF production. The anti-platelet aggregatory effect was blocked by treating the HEC with the inhibitor of EDRF production gossypol, by treating the platelets with the inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase methylene blue, or by adding the EDRF scavenger oxyhemoglobin to the aggregation mixture. The antiaggregatory material was labile, since the supernatant of indomethacin-treated cultured HEC did not inhibit aggregation. In the absence of indomethacin, the prostacyclin-mediated antiaggregatory effect of HEC was not inhibited by gossypol, methylene blue or hemoglobin. These data strongly suggest that the EDRF formed by HEC is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and may constitute an important defense mechanism against vasospasm and platelet aggregation. PMID- 3499686 TI - Effect of hydroxyurea on differentiation of mitotically inactive olfactory receptor cells in the frog. AB - Hydroxyurea is a widely used mitotic suppressant, but its action on nondividing cells remains largely unknown. This is a study of the effect of the drug on the development of newly generated, mitotically inactive olfactory receptor cells in adult frogs. To obtain olfactory epithelia consisting of newly generated cells, the original olfactory epithelia in a group of animals were ablated by irrigation of their nasal cavities with a solution of zinc sulfate in distilled water. The new epithelial cells were then allowed to generate over a period of 10 days. The hydroxyurea treatment was carried out by delivering a 50 mM concentration of the drug in Ringer's solution into the frogs' nasal cavities at a flow rate of 0.40 ml/day continuously for 24 days. Such treatment was capable of suppressing mitotic activity in olfactory epithelia. Morphological and electrophysiological observations of olfactory receptor cells, which were developing during hydroxyurea treatment, did not reveal any notable differences in comparison with olfactory receptor cells in control epithelia treated only with Ringer's solution. Thus the prolonged treatment of olfactory epithelia with hydroxyurea employed in this study, while suppressing mitotic activity in these tissues, did not significantly affect the differentiation of young postmitotic receptor cells. PMID- 3499687 TI - Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on development of the thymus. AB - The effect of maternal alcohol consumption on development of the fetal thymus was studied in C57BL/6 mice. Female mice were fed a complete liquid diet containing 25% ethanol-derived calories (or a control diet) both before and during pregnancy. Significantly reduced fetal weight (a characteristic feature of fetal alcohol syndrome) was noted in 18- and 19-day-old fetuses of alcohol-fed mice. The thymuses of fetal mice exposed prenatally to ethanol were reduced both in cell number and proliferative response to Concanavalin A plus a source of interleukin 2. PMID- 3499688 TI - Prior administration of donor-strain epidermal cells or macrophages to enhance survival of rat hind-limb allografts. PMID- 3499690 TI - Cross-reactivity of antibody response inhibition by serum of rats immunized with antigen-bound antibody. PMID- 3499689 TI - Short-segment orthotopic intestinal isografts and allografts in enterectomized rats. PMID- 3499691 TI - Deoxyguanosine-induced survival of class II-expressing fetal mouse thymic allografts is associated with the depletion of donor lymphoid and dendritic cells. PMID- 3499692 TI - Inhibition of tolerance induction by cyclosporine A. PMID- 3499694 TI - Induction of B-cell tolerance to alloantigens with IgG from syngeneic rats pretreated with antibody-coated allogeneic blood cells. PMID- 3499693 TI - Suppression of human B- and T-lymphocyte response in vitro with serum from rabbits immunized with antibody-coated autologous or allogeneic cells. PMID- 3499695 TI - Effects of cyclosporine A on cyclophosphamide-induced eosinophilia, concomitant B lymphocytosis, and generation of large granular lymphocytes in the rat. PMID- 3499696 TI - Maximum electrical stimulation for urge incontinence. AB - Urge incontinence was controlled in 13 (62%) of 21 patients by maximum electrical stimulation which was applied to the anus or the perianal skin. The first session of maximum electrical stimulation was able to determine if this treatment would be successful. This method of patient selection for further stimulation was simple and reliable and achieved clinical success in all of 13 selected patients. PMID- 3499697 TI - Grade and histochemical R-1881 binding in prostatic cancer. AB - Comparison of the grades classified by Gleason with R-1881 binding which was attributable to total androphilic proteins in tissues was performed in 42 untreated and 13 relapsed prostatic cancers. Increasing malignancy correlated with loss of staining on R-1881 binding when examined both in primary pattern and in individual tumor cell clusters. In relapsed cancer, however, there was no R 1881 binding irrespective of any grades. PMID- 3499699 TI - [Ligation of the esophagus in hemorrhage resulting from portal hypertension in children]. AB - The authors present a technique of the operation described by Vosschulte and Boerema and aimed at ligation of the esophagus for prophylaxis and arrest of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. "Collapsible prostheses" were used in 8 operations on 7 patients. In primary interventions the authors proposed laparotomy giving a good possibility for manipulations on the esophagocardial portion of the stomach. In secondary operations a transthoracic access with diaphragmotomy was used. The most frequent complication--scarry constriction of the esophagus--can be easily eliminated due to timely diagnosis and cardiodilatation. No recurrent bleedings were noted. The endoscopic and X-ray examinations failed to reveal esophageal varices. PMID- 3499700 TI - Deaths in swans and geese. PMID- 3499701 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA): a bovine T lymphocyte marker. AB - Bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were examined for their ability to bind wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). This lectin labelled 43.8% +/- 11.95 of bovine PBL, whereas peanut agglutinin (PNA), a T cell marker, bound 59.4% +/- 8.67 cells, and surface immunoglobulin (SLG)-bearing cells constituted 24.15% +/- 8.47 of PBL. After panning fractionation of B (Slg+) and T (PNA+) lymphocytes. WGA labelled 89 to 97% of the enriched T cell population (80/87% PNA+; 2-4% Slg+) but only 6 to 8% of the enriched B cell population (85-91% Slg+; 5-7% PNA+). PMID- 3499702 TI - Production and assay of ovine T cell growth factor by concanavalin A stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. AB - Conditions for the production and assay of ovine T cell growth factor (TCGF) activity were evaluated. Peripheral blood leukocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) in the presence of 2% autologous serum or serum-free media. Supernatants were harvested after 30 hr and concentrated for further characterization. A 28 hr proliferation assay with 2.5 X 10(4) 24 hr Con A blasts per well was optimal for detection of TCGF. Peak TCGF activity occurred with a 30 37 KD molecular weight fraction. Production and assay of TCGF were performed under autologous conditions to reduce background stimulation which occurred when fetal bovine serum was present. This methodology required no cell lines or inbred animals and should be adaptable to the study of immunostimulatory molecules of other outbred species. PMID- 3499698 TI - Chronic cystitis: excretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF)/urogastrone (URO). AB - To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF)/urogastrone (URO) in the cytoprotection of the urothelium in the urinary bladder we measured the concentration of EGF/URO by radioimmunoassay in urine from patients with chronic cystitis. The series comprised 12 patients with classical interstitial cystitis, 10 young females with recurrent bacterial cystitis and 12 children with recurrent cystitis together with sex- and age-matched controls. The results showed no variation in the substance concentration of EGF/URO in urine from cystitis patients and control groups. A negative correlation was found between 1) the urinary concentration of EGF/URO and increasing age, and 2) the excretion of EGF/URO per mol creatinine. The present study did not show a decreased output of EGF/URO in patients with chronic cystitis. Further studies are necessary in the evaluation of the physiological role of EGF/URO in the urinary tract. PMID- 3499704 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy of Rift Valley fever viral morphogenesis in primary rat hepatocytes. AB - The morphogenesis of the hepatotropic phlebovirus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been examined by immuno-electron microscopy in primary hepatocyte cultures derived from genetically susceptible and resistant rat strains. RVFV replicates in both cell types with growth kinetics comparable with those seen in other permissive cells. However, in contrast to that has been observed in other cell types, RVFV replication in hepatocytes is associated with maturation at cellular surface membranes in addition to the smooth internal membranes of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Envelope acquisition at surface membranes occurred primarily on basolateral membranes. The events occurring in RVFV morphogenesis were indistinguishable in hepatocytes from resistant and susceptible animals; however, hepatocytes from susceptible animals produced significantly higher titers of virus. PMID- 3499705 TI - [Immune status of subjects inoculated with inactivated influenza vaccines]. AB - Inactivated whole-virion and split-virion influenza vaccines adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide did not suppress the immune system of the vaccinees. Immunization with these vaccine preparations induced the formation of both cell mediated and humoral immunity in over 60% of the vaccinees. PMID- 3499706 TI - [Immunological and morphological characteristics of experimental ophthalmic herpes in guinea pigs]. PMID- 3499707 TI - [CH50, C3 and C4 in the serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients]. AB - The total hemolytic complement (CH50) was studied in the serum of 54 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in the synovia of 30 of them. The C3 complement fraction was examined in the serum of 49 patients and in the synovia of 30 patients. The C4 complement serum-fraction was examined in 42 patients and in the synovia of 30 patients. 40 healthy persons and 21 patients with osteoarthritis served as a control group. The results showed a slight increase of CH50 in the serum and decrease in the synovia of the patients with RA compared to the control groups. The serum values of C3 and C4 of the RA patients did no differ from those of the healthy persons but the synovial C3 and C4 values were lowered. A reverse correlation was found between the CH50 in the synovial fluid and the phagocyte percentage in the fluid (r = -0.43). CH50, C3 and C4 determination is important for clarification of some pathogenetic mechanisms in RA. Their decrease reflects the degree of immunologic activity. PMID- 3499708 TI - Concurrent multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia and peripheral T cell lymphoma. PMID- 3499703 TI - Effects of dexamethasone on selected parameters of the bovine immune system. AB - The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, has been used by investigators studying bovine immune mechanisms to either exacerbate infectious processes or stimulate stress-induced steroid-influenced immunosuppression. Considerable differences exist in the literature concerning the effect of dexamethasone on the bovine immune response. The purpose of our study was to clarify the reported effects of dexamethasone on bovine T-lymphocyte function. Therefore, we designed experiments to evaluate cellular and humoral aspects of the bovine immune response under the influence of dexamethasone. The experiments took into consideration the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and optimal and suboptimal doses of selected mitogens. The data suggest little variation in hematological parameters that occurred with the administration of dexamethasone. Leukocyte counts were slightly elevated at two observations, and this was believed to be the result of an increase in peripheral blood neutrophils. T-lymphocytes (erythrocyte rosetting) were not selectively depleted. However, suppression of T lymphocyte function was noted, particularly in response to suboptimum doses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanaval in A (Con A). Antibody production to the T-dependent antigen, KLH, was suppressed in those animals receiving dexamethasone. These data suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of dexamethasone in the bovine is dependent upon the dose of dexamethasone administered, the pharmacological level of dexamethasone in vivo, physiological adaptation of the host, mitogen dose used in evaluation, and the time of evaluation post drug administration. The study points out the importance of considering these variables when interpreting the effects of dexamethasone on the bovine immune response. PMID- 3499709 TI - A community-based study of gastrointestinal helminth and protozoan infection in Western Jamaica. PMID- 3499710 TI - Concepts of obesity in family practice. PMID- 3499711 TI - [Evaluation of the modified Romberg test in peripheral damage of the vestibular apparatus]. PMID- 3499712 TI - Prevalence of hyperimmunization against tetanus in a national sample of 18-26 year old immune subjects in Italy. AB - Prevalence of tetanus hyperimmunization was estimated among 3217 immune subjects to be approximately equal to 11%. Hyperimmunization was associated with age, area of residence and health care availability. Indiscriminate administration of booster doses of tetanus vaccine could result in some areas in unnecessary revaccinations and possibly hypersensitivity reactions. The immunization policy regarding booster doses should be based on factual evidence and not on rigid recommendations. PMID- 3499713 TI - Adjuvant formulation for use in vaccines to elicit both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. AB - Adjuvant formulations which elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immunity will be required for vaccines based on peptides, viral and bacterial subunits and genetically engineered antigens. This report describes an adjuvant formulation which increases both cell-mediated and humoral immunity and is free of significant side effects encountered with other adjuvants or vehicles. The components include the threonyl analogue of muramyl dipeptide, Tween 80, Pluronic L121 and squalane. This formulation was found to be effective with several antigens, in several species, including rodents, cats and monkeys. These results suggest that the formulation will be useful for both human and veterinary vaccines. PMID- 3499714 TI - Influenza-specific antibody-secreting cells and B cell memory in the murine lung after immunization with wild-type, cold-adapted variant and inactivated influenza viruses. AB - The development of regional B cell responses was studied in mice immunized intranasally with different influenza virus vaccines. The ca-variant virus was 100-fold less efficient than the parental virus in the induction of influenza virus-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in the lung and failed to induce ASCs in the spleen. The ca-variant virus was also less efficient in priming for secondary IgG and IgA responses generated in vitro in both lung and spleen cell cultures. Protection against homotypic challenge in mice immunized by different vaccine strategies correlated with the development of pulmonary B cell responses rather than splenic responses. In particular, protection correlated with the presence of ASCs and IgG and IgA memory in the lung at the time of challenge. PMID- 3499715 TI - [Role of T-lymphocyte mediators in the pathogenesis of psoriasis]. PMID- 3499716 TI - [Pathogenesis and patient therapy in torpid gonorrhea]. PMID- 3499718 TI - [Adaptogenic role of serotonin in dogs coming out of an experimental neurosis]. AB - In a study carried out on dogs by means of alimentary salivary conditioned reflexes, it was found out that serotonin injection into the anterior limbic cortex and the action of neurogenous stimuli lead neither to the development of experimental neurosis nor to the usual for the neurosis increase of blood serotonin level. At the treatment of experimental neurosis by small doses of 5 oxytryptophan, the therapeutic effect of this serotonin predecessor appeared only in the days of its injection. In the subsequent period, the neurotic changes in the higher nervous activity continued, and the blood serotonin level remained increased. These data as well as materials earlier obtained on the increase of the blood serotonin level at neurosis in dogs, give reason to consider the increase of activity of the serotoninergic system at neurosis as one of adaptogenous factors contributing to the coming out of neurosis. PMID- 3499717 TI - [Clinico-physiological and biochemical aspects of artificial stable functional connections in the human brain]. AB - The paper presents the results of clinico-physiological and biochemical studies of artificial functional connections (ASFC-1) of the human brain, formed in parkinsonians in the process of treatment by means of implanted electrodes. Medical activation of ASFC-1 is shown to have an optimizing influence on the mechanisms of intracentral regulation and connected with the latter other brain systems, such influence being reflected in the dynamics of clinical effects and vegetative-humoral activities. It is shown that ASFC-1 may be used for treatment and diagnostic aims in patients with prolonged diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 3499719 TI - Compliance of children with tuberculosis treated by short-course intensive chemotherapy. PMID- 3499720 TI - Bleeding rectal varices following injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices in a child. AB - Bleeding from oesophageal varices accounts for most of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children (4). Repeat injection sclerotherapy proved to be a practical and effective method to control the bleeding and obliterate the varices (5, 8). This report describes a 13-year-old girl with portal hypertension who developed massive rectal variceal bleeding after repeat injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. PMID- 3499721 TI - Study of autoantibodies, natural antibodies and IgE level in four families with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - 34 members of four families with two RA cases in each, were typed for HLA antigens and their sera tested for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, natural antibodies and for total IgE level. Of the patients, 63% possessed DR4 and a similar association was observed between the rheumatoid factor (RF) and DR4 positivity. However, RF was present in 25%, including the healthy first degree relatives. Granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies (GS-ANA) were found in one third of the family members. GS-ANA positivity was higher among the DR4 positive healthy first degree relatives, than among the DR4 negative ones. Higher than normal IgE and natural antibody levels were observed in some families. The results show a familial regulatory disturbance of the immune system in multiple RA family members. PMID- 3499722 TI - Adult septic arthritis with Hemophilus influenzae. AB - Two cases of Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis are reported, one in a rheumatoid patient and the other in a healthy young woman after meningitis. The evolution of this rare infectious arthritis was not as good as usual in spite of early therapy. The first patient later presented a Staphylococcus albus bacteriemia and the other a post-infectious persisting arthritis. PMID- 3499723 TI - [Stomach cancer and pregnancy]. AB - The symptoms of gastric carcinoma are nonspecific and uncharacteristic especially during the pregnancy. Two cases of gastric carcinoma in pregnancy are reported. In both cases the diagnosis of the malignoma was not made in an early stage. Therefore both women died within a short period after the delivery due to the metastasis of the gastric cancer. The newborns survived the complicated pregnancy and they were born spontaneously and by cesarean section. The reasons for the delayed diagnosis and the problems of this malignoma during a pregnancy are discussed based on the own observations and the published cases. PMID- 3499724 TI - Induction of interleukin 1 by Legionella pneumophila antigens in mouse macrophage and human mononuclear leukocyte cultures. AB - Exposure to Legionella pneumophila antigens has been reported to result in both an adjuvant effect and pathophysiological changes such as fever, headache, myalgia and arthralgias. Immunoenhancement and inflammatory changes have been associated with the production of interleukin 1, and we, therefore, sought an involvement of interleukin production in the alteration of biological responsiveness following exposure to Legionella pneumophila antigens. Killed Legionella pneumophila cells, incubated with mouse splenocytes, induced the formation of a soluble substance which enhanced splenocyte antibody production to heterologous antigen. The immunoenhancing substance was also produced by mouse peritoneal macrophages and supernatants from these cultures were demonstrated to also contain thymocyte co-mitogenic activity. Following gel filtration, this co mitogenic activity eluted in the 15,000 molecular weight range suggesting an involvement of interleukin 1. Experiments with Legionella pneumophila cells, and cell extracts containing endotoxin, and purified endotoxin suggested that the interleukin 1 activity was induced by both endotoxin and non-endotoxin antigens. The Legionella pneumophila antigens were also found to be potent inducers of interleukin 1 activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. These results suggest that Legionella pneumophila antigens are potent inducers of interleukin 1 in both mouse and human cells. The induction of this monokine may partially account for both the immunoenhancing property of this bacterial species and the associated pathophysiological changes following infection with this microorganism. PMID- 3499725 TI - [Role of the pulmonary mechanoreceptor apparatus in molding the natural respiration of the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - In acute experiments on the frog Rana temporaria, studies have been made of the effect of afferent impulsation in pulmonary mechanoreceptors on respiration pattern. Simultaneous recordings were made of total afferent activity in the pulmonary branch of the vagal nerve and of the activity of motor respiratory nerves as an index of respiration pattern. It was shown that to the end of ventilation period, the level of afferentation decreases up to a threshold value which favours the onset of inspiration. Artificial decrease of afferentation level by the increase in CO2 content in the lung or by novocain application to the latter always resulted in extra-inspiration. On vagotomized frogs, it was found that maximum level of afferent influences is necessary for the onset of expiration. PMID- 3499726 TI - [Cholinoreceptor sensitivity of the mollusk neuron and frog skeletal muscle to acetylcholine and tetramethylammonium analogs]. AB - Studies have been made on the sensitivity of cholinoreceptors in identified isolated neuron from the pedal ganglion of the snail Planorbarius corneus and cholinoreceptors of m. rectus abdominis of the frog Rana temporaria to drugs which differ from acetylcholine by the structure either in cationic group, methylene chain, or ester group. Snail cholinoreceptors were found to be less sensitive to changes in the structure of cationic group and more sensitive to the increase in methylene chain from 3 to 4 groups, as compared to frog cholinoreceptors. The sensitivity of both preparations to changes in ester group, as well as to tetramethylammonium was found to be practically the same. Therefore, the sensitivity of neuronal cholinoreceptors in the snail to the effect of acetylcholine and tetramethylammonium analogues does not significantly differ from the sensitivity of cholinoreceptors in the abdominal muscle of the frog. PMID- 3499727 TI - [Evaluation of the calcium sensitivity of the skinned smooth muscle of the subclavian vein in the frog Rana temporaria]. PMID- 3499728 TI - [Electron microscopy of Haemophilus influenzae]. AB - The electron microscopic study of H. influenzae standard strains, serovar b, in the capsular and noncapsular forms has revealed the pronounced pleomorphism of these organisms in successive generations. PMID- 3499730 TI - [Dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in patients with subacute brucellosis being treated with levamisole]. AB - The dynamics of the main characteristics of humoral immunity in patients with subacute brucellosis, receiving levamisole and placebo, has been studied. Levamisole produced an immunomodulating effect manifested by an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes and a drop in the level of circulating immune complexes. Levamisole did not essentially influence the content of serum immunoglobulins and specific antibodies. PMID- 3499729 TI - [Changes in the blood immunological indices of newborn infants as affected by T activin in vitro]. AB - T-activin, introduced into the culture of mononuclear cells obtained from the blood of healthy newborn infants, does not induce any essential changes in the levels of E-, Ea- and EAC-rosette-forming cells. An overwhelming majority of healthy infants has shown a decrease in the functional activity of lymphocytes in the blast transformation test in response to the optimal dose of ConA and an increase in their functional activity in response to the suboptimal dose of this mitogen. After stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, both the increase of the stimulation index and its decrease have been observed in an equal number of cases. The introduction of the preparation into the culture of mononuclear blood cells isolated from newborn infants with sepsis leads to a considerable increase in the detection rate of Ea-rosette-forming cells with a tendency to an increase in that of E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells. The final values of the stimulation indexes, no matter what the mitogens used, are in conformity with the values characteristic of the normal parameters for healthy newborns, due to a specific pattern of changes in the T-lymphocyte functional activity in the blast transformation test. PMID- 3499731 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation]. AB - Changes in immunological responsiveness, including humoral and cellular immunity, spontaneous rosette formation of neutrophils and their phagocytic activity were investigated in 100 patients with acute disorder of the cerebral circulation, in 25 clinically healthy individuals and in 20 patients with essential hypertension. The findings made it possible to confirm the presence of immunological changes following cerebral strokes as well as their influence on the course and outcome of acute impairments of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 3499732 TI - [Noncommunicating cysts of the septum pellucidum]. AB - The clinical picture, diagnosis, and the results of treatment of noncommunicating cysts of the septum pellucidum in 11 patients are analysed. The diagnosis of the cysts can be made by means of pneumo- and angiography and by computer tomography. Operative treatment of the cysts both in the immediate and in the late periods is sufficiently effective. Transventricular access to the cyst is most acceptable. PMID- 3499734 TI - Systolic time interval. Heart rate relationship during atrial or ventricular pacing. AB - In order to evaluate the relative importance of heart rate (HR) and A-V synchrony during pacing, 16 patients with VVI pacemakers were compared with 8 patients with AAI pacemakers using systolic time intervals. The patients were examined at rest at increasing HR with increments of 10 beats/min until a maximum of 150 beats/min was reached or for AAI pacing until 2 degrees A-V block occurred. The slopes of the linear regression equations for PEP versus HR and PEP/LVET versus HR were used. To compensate for differences in baseline values, delta PEP% versus delta HR% and delta PEP/LVET% versus delta HR% were also calculated and used to evaluate the response to the two different pacing modes. PEP seemed in this situation to be less dependent on HR than expected from earlier data concerning spontaneous differences in heart rate. This is probably due to a lower catecholamine level during pacing. During AAI pacing the slopes were slightly more normal than during VVI pacing, but the differences did only reach statistical significance using PEP/LVET versus HR (p less than 0.05). At heart rates above 80 blood pressure had a tendency to be higher during AAI pacing, a trend which was only significant for the diastolic blood pressure at HR from 130 150. These results support the view, that the ability to increase heart rate is more crucial for left ventricular function than A-V synchrony in these patients. PMID- 3499735 TI - Unusual electrocardiographic changes in intrathoracic conditions. AB - Electrocardiographic, roentgenographic and clinical findings from 5 patients with intrathoracic conditions were studied. Three patients suffering from left spontaneous pneumothorax and one from eventration of the left diaphragm were found to have an unusual phasic voltage alternation in their electrocardiograms. These changes were appearing during the course of the disease and disappearing with the correction of the condition. Respiratory variation of intrathoracic anatomy or amplitude and swinging of the heart seems a possible explanation. PMID- 3499736 TI - Sustained ventricular tachycardia occurring during propafenone therapy. AB - The arrhythmogenic action of antiarrhythmic agents, especially the class I antiarrhythmic drugs, is well known. However till now only few such side effects were reported for propafenone in comparison with other class I antiarrhythmic drugs. We report a case of asymptomatic monomorphic ventricular tachycardia occurring during propafenone therapy with normal plasma level. Stopping this drug was quickly followed by recovery of sinus rhythm. PMID- 3499737 TI - Infective endocarditis on mitral valve prolapse (IEMVP): report of one case due to H. paraphrophilus and discussion of IEMVP with emphasis on its prophylaxis. AB - We describe one case of infective endocarditis on mitral valve prolapse (IEMVP) due to H. paraphrophilus and briefly discuss this pathogen and the valvulopathy. We than enhance some notions on IEMVP and especially on its controversial prophylaxis. PMID- 3499733 TI - Serum selenium deficiency in myocardial infarction and congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Serum selenium concentration was prospectively measured using the method of thermoelectric atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 129 study participants distributed as follows in three groups: control group (n = 48) volunteers without known cardiac or lung disease; group I: patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (n = 48), group II: patients with myocardial infarction (n = 31). Serum selenium level was 84.73 +/- 1.79 micrograms.l-1 (m +/- sem) in the control group, 68.53 +/- 2.26 micrograms.l-1 in group I and 73.55 +/- 2.33 micrograms.l-1 in group II. The difference between group I and group II versus the control group was significant (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between group I and II. PMID- 3499738 TI - Effect of interleukin-2 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severely injured patients. AB - The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the proliferative and cytotoxic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed in 12 severely injured patients. The in vitro proliferative response (measured from tritiated thymidine uptake) was normal during the first post-injury week, but rapidly decreased from the second week. The cytotoxic response to natural killer cell-resistant target T24 was likewise diminished from the second week. To clarify if the defect in cytotoxic response was due to numerical reduction of precursors or to reduced responsiveness, limiting dilution assay was introduced. No post-trauma reduction in precursor numbers was observed. These data collectively suggest that, in addition to impaired IL-2 production, there is an endogenous defect in IL-2 responsiveness. In the context of high incidence of septic complications, the observations may be clinically important. PMID- 3499739 TI - Prospective evaluation and long-term results of mesocaval interposition shunts. AB - Mesocaval interposition shunt, using a 14 or 16 mm Dacron prosthesis, was electively performed on 86 patients (male/female ratio 52/34, aged 15-73, mean 43 years) with portal hypertension mainly due to liver cirrhosis. The selection criteria included liver volume 1,000-2,500 ml, residual portal perfusion 15-30%, no active liver disease and no stenosis of hepatic artery or celiac trunk. Intraoperative measurements showed residual portal perfusion in all studied patients. The early mortality was 8% and the follow-up mortality (1-11 years) 39%. The main causes of death were liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The actuarial survival rate was c. 70% after 5, and greater than 50% after 10 years. The total encephalopathy rate was 10%. Angiography and sequential scintigraphy showed residual portal perfusion in 75% of cases soon after operation, in 60% after 6 months and 38% after 2 years. Reduction of residual portal perfusion was not associated with rising encephalopathy rate. Mesocaval interposition shunt thus was converted to total shunt during long-term follow-up. Overall shunt patency was 90%. Mesocaval interposition shunt has a place in elective or semiurgent management of portal hypertension. PMID- 3499741 TI - Evaluation of central nervous system involvement in uncomplicated optic neuritis after prolonged follow-up. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodal evoked responses (ER) and HLA antigens were examined in 10 patients with idiopathic acute optic neuritis (ON) without any clinical symptoms or signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) during 9-14 years. In MRI, abnormalities compatible with MS were seen in 4 patients. In spite of clinically unilateral ON, a bilateral abnormality in visual evoked responses (VER) was seen in 3 of 9 cases. Brain stem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were normal in all cases, short latency somatosensory evoked response (SER) in all but one. The cerebrospinal fluid at time of ON showed signs of demyelination in one case only. The frequency of HLA antigens DR2 (78%) and B18 (40%) was significantly increased in comparison to healthy controls. MRI seems to be the most sensitive method in the detection of cerebral lesions of MS, especially in mild or asymptomatic forms of the disease. The present techniques are, however, mostly unable to demonstrate optic nerve lesions which more reliably can be evaluated by VERs. The question whether idiopathic ON represents a form of MS solely, cannot be resolved. PMID- 3499740 TI - [Computerized tomography of the distribution of N-isopropyl-p-123 iodoamphetamine in cerebrovascular pathology. Comparison with studies using the 133-xenon inhalation method]. AB - 123Iodo-Amphetamine (IAMP) brain distribution was studied with a specially dedicated multilevel tomographic system in 30 patients with vascular ischemic (18) or hemorrhagic (12) disorders. Results were compared with clinical data, CT scan and rCBF measurement obtained by the 133Xe continuous inhalation method. Abnormalities with IAMP were found in 27 cases, in good agreement with the results obtained by the Xenon inhalation technique in 21 studies from the 22 where that method was possible. For 80% cases there was also a good agreement between the results obtained by the IAMP and CT scan: one case normal, and 23 observations with abnormalities. This is true for the localization of lesions, but IAMP appears able to shown remote abnormalities, i.e. crossed cerebellar diaschisis or functional deactivation, in the absence of CT scan lesions in the corresponding areas. This is of particular interest in the protracted regressive ischemic neurologic disorders (PRIND): CT scan were normal in all five observations but IAMP showed abnormalities in four cases. IAMP is however very expensive, so it has to be used only when 133Xe inhalation is technically impossible. PMID- 3499742 TI - HLA-DR3 antigens in erosive oral lichen planus, cutaneous lichen planus, and lichenoid reactions. AB - HLA antigens were examined in patients with erosive oral lichen planus (OLPe), cutaneous lichen planus (CLP), or lichenoid reactions (LR) adjacent to amalgam fillings. The control group had amalgam restorations in contact with the oral mucosa but without any reactions. A strong association was found between HLA-DR3 and OLPe, with an RR value of 21.0 (p less than 0.05). The corresponding values for CLP and LR were 2.3 and 1.5, respectively (NS). The haplotype A1-B8-DR3 was more frequently found in OLPe (p less than 0.05) and CLP (p less than 0.05) than in LR and controls (NS). The data indicate that OLPe, CLP, and LR, which present with virtually the same histopathologic features, are different in their association with HLA-DR3. Moreover, the increased frequency of HLA-DR3 in OLPe suggests an autoimmune component in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 3499743 TI - Comparative vestibular toxicity of dibekacin, habekacin and cisplatin. AB - The vestibular toxicity of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, dibekacin sulfate and habekacin sulfate, and of a drug with potent antimitotic activity, cisplatin (cis diamminedichloroplatinum) has been investigated in both rats and frogs. In rats, chronic intraperitoneal injection of a saline solution of dibekacin (50 mg/kg/day), habekacin (50 mg/kg/day), cisplatin (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks and of cisplatin (1 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks, produced no behavioral vestibular disorders and the righting reflex could be elicited at any time. In frogs, the spontaneous discharge was recorded from individual fibres of the ampullary nerve of the horizontal semicircular canal before and after acute administration of the drugs, dissolved in Ringer, into the perilymph of the inner ear near the horizontal ampulla. Following injection of 1 microliter of solutions containing 10 micrograms or 20 micrograms of dibekacin, 20 micrograms or 50 micrograms of habekacin, 0.5 micrograms, 2.5 micrograms or 10 micrograms of cisplatin, the spontaneous discharge decreased in a number of fibres and was sometimes completely abolished. The vestibular toxicity of the three drugs tested is discussed with respect to that of aminosides whose ototoxicity is well known. PMID- 3499744 TI - Analysis of the vestibulo-spinal system with a five-dimensional feedback model. AB - The role of the vestibulo-spinal system involved in the maintenance of upright standing posture was studied by a time series analysis with a 5-dimensional feedback model. The system was composed of sways of the head, shoulders, hips and activities of the nuchal and soleus muscles. The results were displayed as determinants of noise correlation matrix, power spectrum, correlogram, transfer function and relative power contribution. The five movements constitute a feedback system in normal subjects. Bilateral loss of labyrinthine function indicates a break in the feedback system. The power spectrum and relative noise contribution indicate that the vestibulo-spinal system regulates low-frequency body sway in upright standing. However, the contribution of the system was low in the overall control of standing posture. PMID- 3499747 TI - New perspectives in human auditory and vestibular pathology. The European Concerted Action Project. Proceedings of a workshop. Milan, 2nd-3rd June 1986. PMID- 3499748 TI - On the evaluation of the electronystagmographically recorded caloric nystagmus test. PMID- 3499745 TI - Subsets of tonsillar lymphocytes and activated cells in each subset analysed by two-color flow cytometry. AB - We analysed subsets of tonsillar lymphocytes and activated cells in each subset by two-color flow cytometry. There were many helper T cells (CD 4+ leu 8-) and few inducer T cells (CD 4+ leu 8+) in the tonsil. The situation was the reverse in the peripheral blood. The tonsil had few suppressor T cells (CD 8+ CD 11+). The proportion of activated cells (HLA-DR+) was low in the peripheral blood and high in the tonsil. In the tonsil, the ratio of cells with transferrin receptors to total lymphocytes was higher in the B than in the T subset, and higher in the subset of CD 4+ than in that of CD 8+ cells. Activated and proliferating lymphocytes were more abundant in the tonsils of children than in those of adults and more abundant in patients with hyperplastic tonsillitis than in those with recurrent tonsillitis. PMID- 3499746 TI - Topographic diagnosis of facial paralysis by the assay of lysozyme concentration in tears. AB - Lysozyme in tears is secreted from the main lacrimal gland innervated by a parasympathetic nerve via the greater petrosal nerve. Lysozyme activity in tears was analysed in 10 cases of unilateral facial paralysis due to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor and 10 normal cases. The lysozyme concentration in tears on the paralysed side collected by Schirmer No. 2 test was significantly lower than that on the healthy side, or bilateral sides of normal subjects. This decreased concentration on the paralysed side is due to the interruption of the reflex are at the level of CPA. It is concluded that our new method is more useful for topographical diagnosis of facial paralysis than is the conventional Schirmer's filter paper test. PMID- 3499749 TI - Comparison of resistance types in Enterobacter cloacae 1977 and 1985. AB - A collection of Enterobacter cloacae strains from Odense University Hospital from 1977 were compared with a collection from 1985 as regards acquired resistance traits. Among the strains with carbenicillin (Ca) resistance, the number of multiresistant strains decreased while the number with sole Ca-resistance increased. In 1977, a high proportion of the Ca-resistant (Ca-r) strains had plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance, but in 1985 the Ca-r strains were completely dominated by organisms with elevated amounts of chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamase. The latter, but not the former, strains were resistant to the newer cephalosporins (e.g. cefotaxime (Ctax)). The consumption of Ctax and cefuroxime increased from 0 kg in 1977 to 7.0 kg in 1985. It is therefore probable that this increase was the cause of the change in occurrence of the resistance types. Ninety-one % of the Ca-r strains were isolated from urinary samples in 1977. The percentage was only 31 in 1985. This change, concomitant with the increase in Ctax-r strains, can probably be explained by the better conditions for selection of Ctax-r mutants, producing greater amounts of chromosomal beta-lactamase, in wounds and respiratory tract than in urine. PMID- 3499750 TI - Heterogeneity of C4d and C3d and their complex formation with serum albumin. AB - High molecular weight (Mr around 175 KD) forms of C4d and C3d as well as free C4d and C3d (Mr about 40 KD) were demonstrable in normal human serum (NHS). Following in vitro C activation in NHS by delta IgG, the 40 KD C4d component increased markedly. By immunofixation it was shown that the high molecular forms of C4d and C3d reacted with biotinylated anti-human albumin IgG, whereas the 40 KD-free C4d and C3d fragments did not. Furthermore, the incorporation of anti-albumin IgG in the first dimensional gel in crossed immunoelectrophoresis caused retention of the 175 KD C4d component but not of free C4d. The 175 KD C4d had a distinctly higher electrophoretic migration velocity (post-albumin region) than the 40 KD C4d fragment. The C3d-, C4d-serum albumin complexes could not be dissociated by reducing agents (DTT, mercaptoethanol), a non-ionic detergent, or exposure to high and low ionic strength. PMID- 3499751 TI - Asialo GM1+ NK cells have opposite roles in the activation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in vitro and in vivo. AB - The immuno-regulatory role of AsialoGM1+ murine NK cells in the induction of allogeneic cytotoxic T cell responses was studied in vivo and in vitro. Depletion of ASGM1+ cells from the (CBAxC57BL/6)F1 cells used for the foot-pad immunization of CBA mice greatly reduced the formation of allospecific CTLs. However, highly purified ASGM1+ cells were not efficient stimulators of alloCTLs in vivo by themselves. When the same genetic combination was used in alloCTL stimulation culture in vitro, ASGM1+ cells were seen to suppress the activation of the CTL response. The opposite roles of ASGM1+ cells in the alloCTL activation in vivo and in vitro were seen when both lymphoid cells (spleen cells or peripheral blood cells) and non-lymphoid cells (epidermal cells) were used as stimulators. The data presented in this paper suggest that during the alloCTL activation, ASGM1+ cells have an important enhancing role in vivo; but in vitro these cells suppress the antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 3499753 TI - Potent effects of neuropeptide Y and calcitonin gene-related peptide on human coronary vascular tone in vitro. PMID- 3499752 TI - Recombinant interleukin 2 induces proliferation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. AB - Highly purified normal human tonsillar B lymphocytes were cultured with recombinant IL 2 (rIL 2). The responses were minimal when the cells were cultured with rIL 2 alone. Dose-dependent proliferation and differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting cells were found when the cells were simultaneously activated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC). T cells were not found to proliferate in these cultures. B-cell responses were not augmented when 16% T cells were added to the B-cell population. In contrast, B-cell proliferation and Ig secretion were significantly enhanced by adding 0.5% T cells when cultured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Moreover, B-cell stimulation by rIL 2 was detected at very low cell densities. It is concluded that IL 2 directly affects the function of activated B cells. PMID- 3499754 TI - Effect of Ba2+ and furosemide on K+ and Rb+ secretion and absorption in isolated frog skin. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to explore whether in isolated frog skin there should be different pathways for K+ absorption and secretion. Therefore, the unidirectional fluxes of 42K+ and the K+-like isotope 86Rb+ were measured. By using various transport inhibitors, separate pathways for active K+ absorption and secretion were detected. The data obtained indicate that the transepithelial K+ and Rb+ transport across isolated frog skin is made up of four different components: one passive and three active. One of the active components is directed from the apical to the basolateral solution, whereas the other two are in the opposite direction. The direction of the net K+ transport depends on the activities of these three active transport components. The active uptake mechanism, which is present in the epithelial cells, discriminates between K+ and Rb+. The ratio between the K+ and Rb+ influxes, K/Rb, is about 3. The presence of Ba2+, furosemide or ouabain in the apical solution had no effect on the K+ influx. The active secretion of K+ takes place via two different pathways, namely the skin glands and the epithelial cells. The K+ secretion via the glands is inhibited by furosemide (basolateral), but is unaffected by Ba2+ (apical) and does not discriminate between K+ and Rb+. The active K+ secretion via the epithelial cells is blocked by apical Ba2+, and it discriminates between K+ and Rb+. The ratio between the K+ and Rb+ effluxes is about 2. The data presented show that the K+ channels in the apical and the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells discriminate between K+ and Rb+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499755 TI - Ischaemia and changes in contractility induce release of calcitonin gene-related peptide but not neuropeptide Y from the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart. PMID- 3499756 TI - [Studies of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of 3-(2-methoxy-ethyl) 2,3,4,5,7,12-hexahydro-1H-[1,2,5]triazepi no-[1,2-b]phthalazin 1,5-dion]. PMID- 3499757 TI - Spinal cord stimulation improves motor performances in hemiplegics: clinical and neurophysiological study. AB - We studied the effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on motor performances in patients with spastic hemiparesis due to cerebrovascular ischemic accident. 11 patients were evaluated before and after 7 days of SCS by means of the Albert's motor scale and a surface polyelectromyography. SCS significantly improved motor performances in 63% of the patients. It reduced agonist-antagonist coactivation and clonus. Such an effect was particularly evident during voluntary movements and gait. PMID- 3499758 TI - High-frequency cervical spinal cord stimulation in spasticity and motor disorders. AB - High frequency stimulation of the cervical spinal cord was used in an attempt to moderate motor disorders in 10 patients, 5 spastics, 3 dystonics and 2 with spasmodic torticollis. Through a C4 flavectomy a quadripolar flat electrode was introduced into the epidural space, placing the first terminal at C2. Electrical parameters for stimulation were established at 0.05-0.10 msec pulse width, rate of 200-1,400 Hz and amplitude to paresthesia threshold. Stimulation was delivered 1 hour on and 1 hour off during daytime. Subjective, clinical and/or neurophysiological initial improvement were initially observed in 9 cases, in which the stimulation system was permanently implanted. After a mean follow-up of 41.4 months all patients but one had a clinical and neurophysiological condition almost similar to the prestimulation one. To investigate the effect of the so called high-frequency stimulation on the nervous system, 9 dogs were implanted following the same surgical technique and stimulated with analogous electrical parameters than in human practice. After follow-up of 8 months the pathological studies of the animals did not show any local or suprasegmental alterations on nervous structures except a local huge dural scarring reaction. PMID- 3499760 TI - Computer-controlled 22-channel stimulator for limb movement. AB - The Nucleus multichannel implantable hearing prosthesis (Nucleus Ltd., Sydney, Australia) has been modified by computer programming (MOCO, Inc., Scituate, Mass.) into a 22-channel neural stimulator for use in functional electrical stimulation (FES). Individual or multiple channels can be sequenced and adjusted for their individual pulse amplitude, width and frequency so that activation of single and multiple nerves can be achieved. Anesthetized rabbits' sciatic nerve branches (lateral and medial) were stimulated to produce single, or co contraction at the ankle and simultaneous bilateral joint movements. The spiral (helix) electrode was also found suitable in these experiments. In planning for the stimulator's use in paraplegic subjects, information was obtained for human lower extremity peripheral nerves. In 9 patients undergoing lower extremity amputation, threshold and maximal levels of stimulation plus nerve diameters were obtained on 21 nerves. The design for the wearable ambulation unit to control the 22-channel stimulator and electrode tresses with helix electrodes has been completed. PMID- 3499759 TI - Application of SCS for movement disorders and spasticity. AB - 20 patients with movement disorders and spasticity were treated with SCS to decrease tonus and improve impaired motor function. 12 patients with multiple sclerosis had gait disorders and slight up to considerable increase in tonus. We observed quantitative changes in diminution of spasticity, voluntary motor function, bladder function, lessening of ataxia and pain relief. During a follow up of up to 4 years no deterioration in the patients' condition could be observed. 11 patients reported a more fluent gait in 6 cases accompanied by a decrease in tonus. Increase in tonus and deterioration of gait pattern were observed after break down of the stimulation. Although the indications for electrostimulation still remains uncertain in some cases with definite diagnosis without any progressive character of the disease and without severe neurological disturbances improvement can be obtained. PMID- 3499761 TI - Stimulation of the dentate nuclei for spasticity. AB - It has been assumed but not been proved that cerebellar cortical stimulation activates the Purkinje cells, thereby inhibiting the deep nuclei. Furthermore, the destruction of these particular cells, consistently demonstrated in biopsy material, has not been accounted for. These has led the author to introduce chronic stimulation of the dentate nuclei for spasticity in 1978. The long-term results of stimulation in 22 such cases are reported, followed-up between 2 and 6 years. Both the clinical results and the electrophysiological changes produced by stimulation are analyzed. They seem to indicate that it is a rational approach to relieve spasticity and to improve motor function. PMID- 3499762 TI - Long-term results of percutaneous gasserian ganglion lesions. AB - Percutaneous radiofrequency lesion of the Gasserian ganglion was performed between 1974 and 1984 in ninety-eight patients for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia. The average follow-up period was 4.5 years. Age, sex, and duration of illness were unrelated to outcome. Satisfactory analgesia was achieved in 68 patients. Thirty-one percent had return of pain (30 cases). Recurrent neuralgia occurred most frequently during first postoperative year (46%). Patients with marked sensory deficits had a reduced risk of recurrence. Postoperative complications included: reduced or absent corneal reflex (18 cases), corneal keratitis (3 cases) and anesthesia dolorosa (2 cases). PMID- 3499763 TI - Percutaneous microcompression of the gasserian ganglion: personal experience. AB - The effectiveness of percutaneous microcompression of the gasserian ganglion, performed according to the technique proposed by Mullan and Lichtor, was evaluated in 74 patients affected by essential trigeminal neuralgia and compared to the results obtained with the RF thermocoagulation of Sweet and Wepsic. Similar results were obtained with the two methods but adverse side-effects were less common with microcompression. It is concluded that the microcompression should be recommended as a first choice among the different percutaneous procedures in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 3499764 TI - Electrical stimulation of the gasserian ganglion for facial pain: preliminary results. PMID- 3499765 TI - Hemodynamic changes from spinal cord stimulation for vascular pain. AB - The hemodynamic changes induced by spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have been studied in a group of 20 patients with peripheral vascular pain. The surgical technique consisted of the introduction of 1 or 2 electrodes in the subarachnoid space up to the level of the painful area, for mono or bipolar SCS. Several techniques have been used for evaluation of hemodynamic changes induced by SCS. Peripheral blood flow speed was measured by means of ultrasound Doppler, showing a raised maximum speed during stimulation, and a tendency of the pulse wave to return to normal. Thermography showed a marked increase of temperature in the painful area. Preoperatively, plethysmography showed an absence of the typical flow waveform, whilst postoperative recordings showed a small wave of progressively increasing amplitude. Scintigraphy with 201TI showed an increase in muscular blood flow in previously hypovascularized areas. The mechanism of action of SCS on peripheral blood flow and vascular pain is discussed. PMID- 3499767 TI - Surgery of the round window. PMID- 3499766 TI - The role of folylpolyglutamate synthetase and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in altering cellular folyl- and antifolylpolyglutamates. AB - The metabolic products of methotrexate differ in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells; the primary products are 7-hydroxymethotrexate in hepatocytes and the polyglutamate derivatives in hepatoma cells. The rate of glutamylation is approximately 5-fold greater in hepatoma cells than hepatocytes under comparable conditions and the polyglutamate products in the hepatoma cells consist of longer chain length tri- and tetraglutamate derivatives, whereas the hepatocytes favor the diglutamate derivative. Extracts of cultured hepatocytes have approximately half the folylpolyglutamate synthetase and three times as much gamma-glutamyl hydrolase as the hepatoma cells. A further difference is that methionine inhibits glutamylation in hepatocytes whereas it can cause a marked stimulation (five- to seven-fold) in hepatoma cells. The rate of glutamylation of methotrexate in intact hepatoma cells is strongly dependent on the culture conditions and can be enhanced as much as five-fold in dividing cultures or by removing folates from the cells. These changes may be in part caused by the fact that the folylpolyglutamate synthetase is nearly doubled in both growing cultures and in folate lacking cells. The treatment of human liver in vivo or rodent hepatic cells in vivo and in vitro with methotrexate causes a reduction in the folate pools. Data presented in these studies show that the activity of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in cells can be enhanced by prior exposure to methotrexate. Thus, methotrexate could cause a loss in cellular folylpolyglutamates by enhancing their rate of cleavage to folylmonoglutamates. PMID- 3499768 TI - Surgical anatomy of the inner ear: today. PMID- 3499769 TI - Evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with bladder cancer: a study with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of 47 patients with bladder cancer were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 and OKIa7). Thirty five patients were untreated, and 12 were treated, disease-free patients. In untreated patients, the number of total lymphocytes and the percentage of OKT3+ cells decreased. Among the OKT3+ T cell population, the percentage of OKT4+ cells tended to decrease significantly, whereas the percentage of OKT8+ cells rather increased, resulting in the decrease of the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. These tendencies became more evident as the stage advanced. In treated, disease-free patients, no such characteristic changes were observed and the lymphocyte subpopulation apparently fell into the normal range. Furthermore, the retrospective study clearly indicated that the patients with a lower OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio showed a higher recurrence rate within a year. Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations thus appears to be useful in the follow-up of bladder cancer patients, especially those with superficial tumors. PMID- 3499770 TI - [Clinical trial of CSF-HU (colony-stimulating factor derived from human urine: P 100) on granulocytopenia induced by anticancer therapy in urogenital cancer patients]. AB - We examined the value of the CSF-HU preparation (colony-stimulating factor derived from human urine: P-100) to prevent or treat granulocytopenia induced by anticancer chemotherapy. Subjects were urogenital cancer patients who underwent two courses of the same chemotherapy regimen. Among these patients, we selected the subjects whose leucocyte counts were decreased to less than 2000/mm3 after the first course of anticancer chemotherapy. P-100 was administered from the following day of the end of the second course of chemotherapy at a dose of 8,000,000 units/day by intravenous drip infusion for 7 successive days. According to the global evaluation by consideration of changes in leucocyte and granulocyte counts, the utility rate by physicians was 52.4% (22/42), and that by a committee was 50.0% (18/36). No difference was seen in utility rate and efficacy rate according to P.S., cancer types and antineoplastic drugs used. Side effects were noted only in 2.3% (1/44) which was mild and transient fever. These findings suggest that P-100 is a very useful drug for prevention and/or treatment of granulocytopenia following cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 3499771 TI - CT detection of a Jefferson fracture in a child. PMID- 3499772 TI - The normal diameter of the fetal aorta and pulmonary artery: echocardiographic evaluation in utero. AB - Measurements of the fetal aorta and pulmonary artery can aid in the detection and diagnosis of congenital heart defects. In a prospective study of 403 normal fetuses whose gestational ages were between 14 and 42 weeks, two-dimensional (2D) real-time and M-mode echocardiography were used to measure the diameters of the aortic root and the pulmonary artery in utero. The goals were to establish norms for the diameters of these structures as a function of both gestational age and biparietal diameter, to compare measurements obtained in systole and diastole, and to compare 2D and M-mode measurements. A high correlation was found between measurements made during systole and diastole (r = .994 for aorta, r = .996 for pulmonary artery) and between 2D and M-mode measurements for each vessel (r = .992 for aorta, r = .973 for pulmonary artery). The differences between systolic and diastolic measurements and between M-mode and 2D measurements were small (2.2 4.6%) for both the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The norms established here provide an objective standard for comparison when a cardiac anomaly involving a fetal aorta or pulmonary artery of abnormal size is suspected. The results indicate that a sonographic facility need not have M-mode equipment to obtain technically adequate measurements. PMID- 3499773 TI - MR imaging of lumbar arachnoiditis. AB - To assess the usefulness of MR in defining the changes of lumbar arachnoiditis, we reviewed retrospectively the MR, plain-film myelographic, and CT myelographic findings in 100 patients referred for evaluation of failed-back-surgery syndrome. In 11 of 12 cases of arachnoiditis demonstrated by plain-film and CT myelography, an abnormal configuration of nerve roots was seen by MR. The correlated MR and CT and plain-film myelographic changes were divided into three anatomic groups: group 1 showed conglomerations of adherent roots residing centrally within the thecal sac, group 2 demonstrated roots adherent peripherally to the meninges giving rise to an "empty-sac" appearance, and group 3 demonstrated a soft-tissue mass replacing the subarachnoid space. There was one false-negative MR study. For the diagnosis of moderate to severe arachnoiditis, we found MR to correlate excellently with CT myelographic and plain-film myelographic findings. PMID- 3499774 TI - Chiari II malformation: MR imaging evaluation. AB - The purpose of this study was to explore the value of high-detail MR imaging in the diagnosis of the Chiari II malformation. Twenty-four patients with known Chiari II malformation as diagnosed by CT scanning were evaluated with cranial MR scans. Two patients also had spine scans. The sagittal-plane images were the most informative, and abnormalities of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhomboencephalon, upper spinal cord, and mesencephalon were shown extremely well. We found MR to be an easy and accurate method for demonstrating the abnormalities of the Chiari II malformation, and it is our procedure of choice. PMID- 3499775 TI - MR and CT evaluation of intracranial sarcoidosis. AB - Fourteen patients with CNS manifestations of neurosarcoidosis were evaluated by MR imaging and CT. Evaluations were done on a 0.5-T superconductive magnet with T1- and T2-weighted sequences. CT with contrast was obtained in all patients. The granulomatous lesions were classified by location into basilar, convexity, intrahemispheric, and periventricular white-matter involvement. Hydrocephalus with or without an associated lesion was also noted. MR determined the presence of disease in all patients (100%), but was less accurate than CT in depicting disease in two patients (14%). CT determined the presence of disease in 12 patients (85%) and was less accurate than MR in delineating hypothalamic involvement in two patients and periventricular white-matter disease in three patients. There was great variability in the appearance of intracranial sarcoidosis on MR. Three patients had lesions that were isointense or hypointense (relative to cerebral cortex) on both T1- and T2-weighted images while nine patients had lesions that were hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Convexity involvement and hydrocephalus were well documented by both CT and MR. These results indicate that both MR and CT are helpful in fully evaluating a patient with suspected intracranial sarcoidosis. PMID- 3499776 TI - Percutaneous insertion of the Kimray-Greenfield filter: incidence of femoral vein thrombosis. AB - Venograms were obtained in 17 patients 5-8 days after percutaneous dilatation of the common femoral vein for insertion of the Kimray-Greenfield inferior vena cava filter. The venograms showed thrombosis of the common femoral vein in seven (41%) of the 17 patients, four of whom were symptomatic. Common femoral vein thrombosis can have serious clinical sequelae. The possibility of this complication should be considered before inserting the filter percutaneously via the femoral vein. PMID- 3499777 TI - Thoracodorsal artery aneurysm caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. PMID- 3499778 TI - Experience with the first cassetteless radiology department. AB - A 6-year experience with the first cassetteless radiology department has shown that it (1) considerably speeds the examination of the patient and allows the technician to stay with the patient throughout the entire course of the examination; (2) relieves the technician of the burden of manually transporting lead-backed cassettes to and from the darkroom; (3) gives the radiologist closer control over gastrointestinal examinations and allows him to see the processed films during the course of the examination; (4) greatly reduces the number of radiology technicians required; and (5) eliminates a great deal of the function of the darkroom technicians. The cost-efficiency and productivity of the department have been compared with other teaching hospitals in Ontario, the basis for the comparison being the Canadian workload system, which compares units of work. Nonmedical productivity and cost-efficiency are shown to be improved by a factor of 30-60%, with financial savings amounting to about 25% of the total budget. PMID- 3499779 TI - Film fogging by phosphorescent apparel. PMID- 3499780 TI - CT of pseudomyxoma peritonei. PMID- 3499782 TI - Preoperative needle localization of lesions in the lower half of the breast: needle entry from below. PMID- 3499781 TI - Vertebral body biopsies. PMID- 3499783 TI - Permanent eyeliner and MR imaging. PMID- 3499784 TI - CT diagnosis of hepatic metastases. PMID- 3499785 TI - Combined surgery-mammography conference: a way to optimize patients' care. PMID- 3499786 TI - Plastic-wrap restraint for lower extremity arteriography. PMID- 3499787 TI - Acro-osteolysis secondary to pityriasis rubra pilaris. PMID- 3499788 TI - MR assessment of a hamartoma of the nasal cavity. PMID- 3499789 TI - Use of water as an oral contrast agent for CT study of the stomach. PMID- 3499790 TI - Metastatic calcification of the heart and lungs in end-stage renal disease: detection and quantification by dual-energy digital chest radiography. AB - Metastatic calcification of the lung and heart can cause severe cardiopulmonary compromise and death. Although it is found in most end-stage renal disease patients at autopsy, it is only rarely detected during life. Using a prototype dual-energy digital chest radiographic unit, we measured calcium content (mg/cm2) over the lung and heart in 32 hemodialysis patients. Pulmonary calcium content was significantly greater in these patients than in sex-matched control subjects (men, 230 +/- 43 [mean +/- standard error] vs 166 +/- 7, p less than .05; women, 168 +/- 19 vs 110 +/- 7.5, p less than .001). Abnormal values were detected by dual-energy radiography in 44% of patients (vs 9% of patients studied by conventional radiography). Cardiac calcium content was also significantly greater in the hemodialysis patients than in the control subjects (259 +/- 14 vs 184 +/- 8, p less than .05). Metastatic calcification was significantly correlated with elevated phosphate and calcium-phosphate product levels. Patients with significantly elevated pulmonary calcium content had evidence of restrictive lung disease by functional testing. There was an inverse correlation between elevated cardiac calcium content and ejection fraction. We conclude that dual-energy digital radiography allows premortem diagnosis of metastatic visceral calcification and is more sensitive than current techniques. PMID- 3499791 TI - Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in sickle-cell disease. AB - The radiographic manifestations of thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis are unilateral or bilateral, smooth, sharply delineated, often lobulated paraspinal masses without erosion of the vertebral bodies or ribs, sometimes associated with subpleural, paracostal masses. These radiographic findings were encountered in eight adult patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease. In one patient, the masses encompassed essentially the entire thoracic paravertebral area bilaterally. In the other seven patients, the masses were unilateral and limited to the region of the eighth to the 12th thoracic vertebrae. Two of the eight patients had lateral subpleural masses that were not contiguous with the paraspinal masses and that were located medial to the lateral portions of the ribs. Follow-up in seven of the cases ranged from 2 to 15 years and demonstrated, after relatively rapid growth initially, either no change in size or slow growth. Each patient was asymptomatic with regard to the thoracic masses. Histologic verification was not available in any case because of the lack of clinical indication for invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. The presence of well-defined unilateral or bilateral paraspinal masses and/or paracostal masses in patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease and without related symptoms should alert one to the possibility of the presence of extramedullary hematopoiesis. These masses tend to be slow-growing and should not be subjected to aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures. PMID- 3499792 TI - Cardiac tumors and thrombus: evaluation with MR imaging. AB - Thirty patients with a suspected cardiac or pericardial mass underwent MR imaging. Twenty-six also had two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, and three also had CT; one patient had MR only. Overall, 18 (60%) of the 30 patients were found to have a mass lesion. The lesion was confirmed by biopsy, surgery, or unequivocal demonstration on CT, 2D echocardiography, and/or MR imaging. Fourteen of the lesions were soft-tissue or tumor masses, and four were thrombi. The findings on 2D echocardiography and MR were in agreement in 17 (65%) of 26 patients who had both studies. MR was equivocal or in error in two patients (7%), and 2D echocardiography was nondiagnostic in seven (27%). In all seven patients with equivocal 2D echocardiography, the diagnosis was made by MR. In the four patients who did not have 2D echocardiography, MR showed the mass clearly. MR imaging is useful in the diagnosis of cardiac mass lesions. It can be used effectively in addition to 2D echocardiography to increase the certainty of diagnosis, and it is useful when 2D echocardiography is equivocal or inadequate. PMID- 3499794 TI - Evaluation of radiation dose, focal spot, and automatic exposure of newer film screen mammography units. AB - Fifteen recently introduced mammographic units representing eight different models and manufacturers were evaluated to see whether the equipment performance equaled claims made by the manufacturers. Focal-spot size was measured by pinhole and slit methods. Eight automatic exposure control systems on five models were tested by measuring the optical density produced by imaging at 28 and 30 kVp, with and without a grid and with test objects of varying thicknesses of BR12 epoxy material. Comparable mean glandular dose for a 4-cm-thick BR12 test object was measured for 13 of the units under manual or automatic exposures. Nominal focal-spot size was larger than stated for six of the 15 large focal spots and for seven of the 12 microfocal spots. Comparable doses under automatic exposure control varied more than 100% between units from different manufacturers, while the doses of units from the same manufacturer varied less than 20%. Automatic exposure control systems were operational in eight of the 15 units, but four of these eight were found to be out of calibration. There are considerable performance variations that need to be evaluated before acceptance and use of new mammographic equipment. PMID- 3499793 TI - Pulmonary artery false aneurysms secondary to Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheters. AB - Several complications from the use of balloon-tipped flow-directed (Swan-Ganz) pulmonary artery catheters are recognized. One infrequent but life-threatening complication is false aneurysm formation associated with rupture or dissection of the pulmonary artery. We report 10 cases of catheter-induced pulmonary artery false aneurysms identified during a 9-year period. Initial presentation was radiologic in six patients and clinical (hemoptysis) in four. Later chest radiographic findings consisted of a well-defined, persistent pulmonary nodule or mass (three patients) or focal, dense parenchymal consolidation (six patients) that either persisted (two patients) or evolved into a nodule or mass (four patients) adjacent to the catheter tip. Cavitation of a pulmonary mass developed in one case. Two of eight deaths were caused by pulmonary artery false aneurysm formation and rupture with subsequent fatal hemorrhage. In one patient who survived, the false aneurysm was shown by pulmonary angiography and embolized with coils and Gelfoam. We conclude that pulmonary artery false aneurysms are life-threatening complications of pulmonary artery catheters and have characteristic chest radiographic findings. PMID- 3499795 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa: radiographic findings in 16 cases. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of dermatologic disorders with varied inheritance patterns having the common manifestation of blister or bulla formation after minor trauma. Sixteen patients with the disease had the following radiographic manifestations: esophageal stricture (16), fecal impaction (six), vaginal stenosis (one), epithelial bridging and fusion of the digits (six), and aspiration changes in the lungs (two). Esophageal strictures involved the pharynx or cervical esophagus in eight cases and were multiple in five; they ranged in length from 2 mm to 15 cm and tended to progress over time. The findings of esophageal stricture, particularly when multiple and involving the proximal esophagus, and/or the presence of distal phalangeal atrophy with soft-tissue webbing suggest the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 3499796 TI - Percutaneous contrast examination of the stomach after gastric bypass. PMID- 3499798 TI - Ruptured pancreatic pseudocyst: extension into the thigh. PMID- 3499797 TI - The solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: diagnosis with defecography. AB - The solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is an uncommon entity consisting of a rectal abnormality caused by straining during defecation and characterized by specific histologic changes. Endoscopy may show single or multiple ulcers or a preulcerative phase consisting of mucosal thickening. Findings on barium enema may be normal or nonspecific, consisting of a thickened valve of Houston, nodularity, and rectal stricture. Pathologic changes consist of replacement of the lamina propria by fibroblasts and smooth muscle fibers with marked hypertrophy of the muscularis mucosae. In five patients with histologically proved solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, defecography was performed to evaluate the accompanying defecation disorder. Two patients showed the spastic pelvic floor syndrome, characterized by failure of relaxation of the pelvic floor musculature during straining. In the remaining three, defecography showed an infolding of the rectal wall toward the rectal lumen increasing gradually to form an intussusception. The results indicate that defecography is useful to show the underlying disorder of defecation in the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. PMID- 3499799 TI - Splenic trauma during colonoscopy. PMID- 3499800 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation of benign biliary strictures. AB - Between February 1981 and June 1984, 15 patients with benign biliary strictures were treated with percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation. Three of these patients had received liver transplants. The treatment began with a course of balloon dilatation therapy, after which a stent catheter was left across the stricture. Six weeks later, after duct patency had been shown by cholangiography, the stent catheter was removed from all but two patients, both of whom had intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis. After this procedure, six patients (40%), including two liver-transplant patients, were stricture-free after one treatment for periods ranging from 27 to 56 months, and were considered to be treatment successes. Nine patients (60%) suffered stricture recurrences. In eight of these patients, the stricture was heralded by symptoms of either cholangitis or jaundice; in one patient, who was on permanent catheter drainage, the stricture was discovered only on follow-up cholangiography. All successfully treated patients had only one stricture, while all patients with more than one stricture suffered recurrences. Our data also suggest a greater responsiveness for anastomotic strictures than for non-anastomotic strictures. Of the patients with recurrences, five had symptom-free intervals of 23 months or more (up to 31 months). The fact that strictures recurred after such long periods of time underscores the importance of long-term follow-up. In view of the number of patients helped, the favorable experience with post-liver-transplantation strictures, and the lack of any major complications in our series, percutaneous biliary balloon dilatation offers a viable alternative to surgical management of benign biliary strictures. PMID- 3499801 TI - Dynamic display of the temporomandibular joint meniscus by using "fast-scan" MR imaging. AB - In order to display temporomandibular joint (TMJ) images as a dynamic or motion study, a protocol was developed to obtain MR images of the TMJ in multiple phases of opening by using the "fast-scanning" capabilities of the GE Signa MR scanner. To facilitate this procedure a prototype device was also developed to passively open the patient's mouth from resting (closed) to fully open in user-defined increments (minimum 1 mm). MR imaging (surface coil) was carried out at each successive station using the GRASS, pulse-sequence data base of the GE Signa system operating at 1.5 T. Image-acquisition parameters were optimized in studies of cadavers and volunteers to obtain the clearest delineation of the TMJ meniscus and to determine any potential tradeoffs between total imaging time per slice (image quality), patient tolerance, and other practical considerations. For viewing, the images were sequentially placed in the video memory of the operating console and displayed in a back-and-forth-closed cine loop or "movie" mode at variable (operator-selectable) speeds. The dynamic sequences in four individuals were compared with static open- and closed-mouth views obtained with routine pulse sequences. Any single image from the dynamic display lacked the high resolution of the routine static images because of technical limitations of the pulse-sequence data base. However, in the movie mode the pertinent joint structures (such as meniscus and condyle) were clearly delineated, as were several of the important muscles of mastication. The anterior motion (translation) of the meniscus during jaw opening is particularly evident and suggests great potential for functional evaluation. These results show the feasibility of dynamic TMJ imaging with MR. The added information of the cine display potentially complements the routine static images and may prove extremely valuable in the assessment of TMJ dysfunction. PMID- 3499802 TI - CT arthrography of the shoulder: variations of the glenoid labrum. PMID- 3499803 TI - Calcific tendinitis in unusual sites associated with cortical bone erosion. AB - Five cases of calcific tendinitis with radiographic evidence of cortical bone erosion are presented. All five cases arose at unusual sites: two at the pectoralis major insertion on the proximal humerus, two at the insertion of the gluteus maximus, and one at the insertion of the adductor magnus. Biopsy was performed in four cases and revealed areas of histiocytic infiltration, amorphous spherules of calcification, and areas of giant cell reaction extending into the cortex. To our knowledge, calcific tendinitis presenting with radiographic evidence of bone erosion has not been reported previously. PMID- 3499804 TI - Postoperative dislocation of a total hip prosthesis due to a surgical drain. PMID- 3499806 TI - Percutaneous transluminal treatment of varicoceles: where to occlude the internal spermatic vein. AB - Percutaneous transluminal sclerotherapy is an accepted treatment for varicoceles. It is administered by applying a liquid sclerosing agent to the internal spermatic vein. However, the optimal site for the placement of the occlusive material has not been evaluated previously. Therefore, the success rate of sclerotherapy was determined in two groups of patients. In the first group (34 patients), the liquid agent was applied in the cranial part of the internal spermatic vein; in the second group (113 patients), the agent was applied in the caudal part of the vessel at the level of the inguinal ring. The success rate determined 3 months after therapy by telethermography was significantly higher after treatment in the caudal part (82%) than in the cranial part (68%) of the vessel. Sclerotherapy at the level of the inguinal ring appears to be superior to therapy in the cranial part of the internal spermatic vein. PMID- 3499807 TI - Balloon dilatation of stricture of the ileal loop after ileal conduit diversion. PMID- 3499805 TI - The status of osteoradiology fellowship training in the United States. PMID- 3499808 TI - Balloon hysterosalpingography catheter. PMID- 3499810 TI - Usefulness of thromboendarterectomy in association with coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Thromboendarterectomy is sometimes performed in association with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Right coronary arteries and severely narrowed coronary arteries mainly undergo thromboendarterectomy, but perioperative acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) are possible complications. One hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with rest and stress thallium-201 scintigraphy and angiography were studied before and after surgery. To compare patients with and without thromboendarterectomy, 48 patients who had undergone thromboendarterectomy and whose characteristics matched closely those of patients who had not were selected. Twenty patients had previous AMI before CABG in each group. Analysis accounted for the severity of vessel lesion (complete or incomplete) and for the patency of the graft and of the native coronary artery. In these 96 patients, graft patency was lower than in the overall group and similar among patients with and without thromboendarterectomy among the 56 patients without previous AMI. In patients with previous AMI and thromboendarterectomy, however, reperfusion was achieved more often through the native vessel than through the graft. New AMI or residual ischemia occurred in 32% of the areas undergoing thromboendarterectomy and in only 5% of the standard grafts (p less than 0.001). Best results were obtained in patients with incomplete occlusion after AMI. Patients without previous AMI had worse results. Thus, thromboendarterectomy can yield 64 to 75% good results in selected subgroups when CABG is otherwise impossible, but should be avoided in mildly or moderately stenotic arteries perfusing noninfarcted myocardium. PMID- 3499809 TI - Simultaneous multivessel coronary artery spasm demonstrated by quantitative analysis of thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative analysis of emission computed tomography was performed during episodes of angina in 19 patients with variant angina and nearly normal coronary arteriographic findings. Eleven patients (group I) were shown by arteriography to have spasm in 2 or more large coronary arteries. Eight patients (group II) had spasm in only 1 coronary artery. In 7 patients in group I, significant diffuse perfusion defects simultaneously appeared in multiple coronary artery regions on the scintigram (group IA). The extent and severity of the perfusion defect as measured by thallium-201 tomography were significantly greater in group IA than in group II (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The duration of transient ST-segment elevation during the attack in group IA was significantly longer than in group II (p less than 0.001). The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia, or complete atrioventricular block during the anginal attack was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in group IA than in group II. In all study patients, neither attack nor scintigraphic perfusion defect appeared on the repeat test after oral administration of nifedipine. In conclusion, multivessel coronary artery spasm simultaneously appears and causes the attack in many patients with variant angina and nearly normal coronary arteriographic findings, and myocardial ischemia due to simultaneous multivessel coronary spasm is likely to be more extensive and severe, persist longer and have a higher frequency of potentially dangerous arrhythmias than that due to spasm of only 1 coronary artery. PMID- 3499811 TI - Properties and purification of a colony-stimulating factor of granulocytes and macrophages produced by mouse spleen cells. AB - Mouse splenocytes are induced by pokeweed mitogen to secrete a factor that stimulates mouse hemopoetic (spelling per Nomina Histologica in the Nomina Anatomica, 5th edition, 1983, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore) progenitor cells to undergo proliferation and differentiation into granulocytes and macrophages in a semi-solid culture system. The granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was purified with a four-step procedure that includes ultrafiltration, chromatography on DEAE-agarose, Sephacryl S-200, and chromatofocusing gel. The isoelectric point (pI) of 4.2 of the GM-CSF was determined by analytical isoelectrofocusing gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of the biological activity of GM-CSF to digestion by trypsin and neuraminidase suggests that GM-CSF is a glycoprotein with its sugar moieties at the active site. The GM-CSF is also sensitive to heat denaturation at 60 degrees C or higher suggesting that a three-dimensional conformation is required for its biological activity. The molecular weight of GM-CSF is approximately 57,000 Daltons as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 3499812 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 3499813 TI - Familial aggregation in noncirrhotic portal fibrosis: a report of four families. AB - Noncirrhotic portal fibrosis is a common cause of portal hypertension in India. We report four families with more than one member afflicted with this disorder. Six of the seven (85.5%) patients in whom HLA studies were carried out were HLA DR 3 positive. The possibility of an immunogenetic basis of noncirrhotic portal fibrosis should be investigated further. PMID- 3499814 TI - Improved survival in variceal hemorrhage with emergent sclerotherapy. AB - Over a 2-yr period (1984-1985) we performed emergent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) within 12 h in 25 consecutive episodes of variceal hemorrhage (VH). The outcome was compared to the preemergent period (1982-1984) when 22 episodes of VH were treated first with vasopressin and balloon tamponade, and then by EIS, in cases which failed to resolve. In those with decompensated liver disease, average transfusions dropped from 12.3 to 7.1 units of blood. Continued bleeding decreased from 53% to 13% and mortality from 47% to 13%. Persons with compensated liver disease had fewer recurrent bleeding episodes, and tended toward decreased transfusion requirements and mortality with EIS. Our experience suggests that emergent EIS is the treatment of choice for acute VH. PMID- 3499815 TI - Gastroduodenal mucosa and dyspeptic symptoms in arthritic patients during chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. AB - Gastroduodenal intolerance is one of the major factors limiting the use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in patients with arthritic conditions. We evaluated the endoscopic appearance of the gastroduodenal mucosa in 65 patients (63 men and two women) taking regular daily doses of NSAIDs over a long period for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Eight different drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen, sulindac, piroxicam, aspirin, salsalate, and tolmetin) had been taken continuously for at least 6 wk. Seven patients took two different NSAIDs. No other drug known to damage the mucosa was used. Twenty-one patients (32%) had an endoscopically completely normal stomach and duodenum, and 44 (68%) had evidence of injury (mucosal hemorrhage 44.6%, erosions 53.8%, both mucosal hemorrhage and erosions 34%). Ten patients had ulcers detected (seven gastric, two pyloric channel, one duodenal bulb) for a point prevalence of 15.4%. Ulcers were found in patients taking naproxen, indomethacin, tolmetin, sulindac, and ibuprofen, either alone, or in combination with aspirin. Dyspeptic symptoms were present in 19% of those with completely normal endoscopy and in only 9% of those with abnormal endoscopic findings. Only three of the 10 patients with ulcer had dyspeptic symptoms. There was no significant difference between drugs in tendency to cause gastroduodenal injury. We confirm that fairly severe gastroduodenal injury occurs in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, and that symptoms do not predict the presence of damage. PMID- 3499816 TI - Relationship of fluorescence polarization to cell lineage in lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Previous investigations have shown differences in fluorescence polarization between normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes following incubation with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. In the present study, we determined the fluorescence polarization of unseparated or enriched subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. As had been observed by others, the mean polarization (P) value at 25 degrees C for unseparated chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, .240 +/- .007 (N = 22), was lower than that of unseparated normal lymphocytes, .248 +/- .005 (N = 18), P less than .001 (Student's t-test). The difference was greater when B enriched populations were compared. The mean P value of B-cell-enriched chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes, .240 +/- .007 (N = 5), was significantly lower than that of B-cell-enriched normal preparations, .256 +/- .004 (N = 5), P less than .001. In contrast, no significant difference was found between normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia T cells. The anomalous fluorescence polarization manifested by chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes of B-cell origin serves to distinguish this lineage from its normal counterpart and from T cells of either source. PMID- 3499817 TI - Influence of occupational low-level lead exposure on renal parameters. AB - The influence of lead exposure on renal function was examined. In 155 lead workers and 126 control workers, lead in blood (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in blood (ZPP) were measured as indicators of exposure to lead; various proteins in urine were measured as parameters of renal functions. Regression and matched-pair analyses suggest that tubular parameters may be more influenced by lead exposure than glomerular parameters. Changes in renal function parameters may already occur at PbB levels below 3 mumol/liter (600 micrograms/liter). The excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase appears to be the most consistent and sensitive parameter of an early effect on the tubular function. PMID- 3499818 TI - Trimellitic anhydride exposure in a 55-gallon drum manufacturing plant: clinical, immunologic, and industrial hygiene evaluation. AB - Nine workers at a 55-gallon drum manufacturing plant had history of exposure to a paint powder that contained trimellitic anhydride (TMA). Environmental monitoring revealed airborne levels of TMA to be over 100 times the OSHA permissible exposure limit of 0.04 mg/m3. The exposed workers were evaluated in a cross sectional study by questionnaire, physical examination, screening pulmonary function tests, serial peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), and serum antibody levels. Four workers had symptoms consistent with TMA-induced irritant effects. Three had symptoms and IgG levels consistent with TMA late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS). Two of these three had PEFR changes that showed significant drops (greater than 20%) 12-18 hours after the end of a work shift. The material safety data sheet for the paint powder failed to list TMA as an ingredient. Despite the well-described toxic effects of TMA, the present study documents that TMA-related illness may continue to be a problem in situations where workers and management are not properly notified of the potential hazards. The measurement of PEFR may be useful in identifying TMA-exposed workers with LRSS. PMID- 3499819 TI - Study of noise exposure and high blood pressure in shipyard workers. AB - A cross-sectional and case-reference study of occupational noise exposure and blood pressure was conducted in a shipyard company. There were 158 male workers from the higher noise environment (greater than 85 dBA) and 158 matched workers from a lower noise environment (less than 80 dBA). The workers in the higher noise environment had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p less than .05) after adjusting for confounding factors. Comparison of regression revealed that there is no different increase in blood pressure with age in different environmental noise exposure. Based on 63 matched hypertensive-normotensive pairs from 2,730 shipyard workers, the relative risk of hypertension among workers exposed to an over-85-dBA acoustic environment, compared to those under 80 dBA, was 2.38. It is suggested that there may be a population of noise-exposed workers at increased risk of high blood pressure. PMID- 3499820 TI - Persistence of clinical and serologic activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing peritoneal dialysis. AB - To determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing long term peritoneal dialysis have persistent clinical and serologic remissions, the clinical courses of eight patients with end-stage renal disease in whom peritoneal dialysis was begun at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center between 1981 and 1986 were analyzed. Patients were followed for a mean of 90.1 +/ 28.8 months before dialysis and 20.8 +/- 4.7 months after the initiation of dialysis. Disease activity was quantified for each individual in terms of "flares" per year before and after the initiation of peritoneal dialysis, the means of which were 0.66 +/- 0.46 and 0.94 +/- 0.28, respectively. Comparison of these rates showed no statistical difference. Seven of the eight patients had at least one flare while receiving peritoneal dialysis, all of which required prednisone therapy (mean 31.3 mg per day). The clinical manifestations included fever, rash, myalgias, anemia, leukopenia, serositis, and cerebritis. Eighty eight percent of these flares had associated worsening of serologic results. Prednisone was discontinued in only one patient at any time during peritoneal dialysis. This experience reveals that patients with lupus continue to show clinical and serologic disease activity and require maintenance prednisone therapy while receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 3499821 TI - Osteomyelitis in the feet of diabetic patients. Long-term results, prognostic factors, and the role of antimicrobial and surgical therapy. AB - Fifty-one diabetic patients with osteomyelitis of the foot were studied to determine potential prognostic factors and the role of antimicrobial therapy. Most of the patients were elderly, with diminished pulses, a sensory neuropathy, and a polymicrobial infection. Twenty-seven patients had a good outcome, defined as clinical resolution at the time of the last follow-up examination, without the need for amputation. The mean duration of follow-up for these patients was 19 months. Fifteen patients had a below-knee amputation, and nine had a toe amputation. The absence of necrosis and/or gangrene, the presence of swelling, and the use of antimicrobial therapy active against the isolated pathogens for at least four weeks intravenously, or combined intravenously and orally for 10 weeks, predicted a good outcome. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis, in the absence of extensive necrosis or gangrene, usually responds to antimicrobial therapy without the need for an ablative surgical procedure. PMID- 3499822 TI - Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B virus in foreign-born hospital employees. AB - Hepatitis B surface and core antibodies were measured in 512 community hospital employees at increased risk for developing infection with hepatitis B virus. Antibody was detected in 140 (27 percent) participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that seropositivity was strongly associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B in an employee's country of birth and with age. These results suggest that reported differences among hospitals in hepatitis B seropositivity may in part be a reflection of the national origin of its employees. These data also indicate that each hospital should assess its own risk for hepatitis B infection and that prevaccination serologic testing is particularly worthwhile in hospitals having large numbers of foreign-born employees. PMID- 3499824 TI - Comment on the APA position statement on psychoactive substance use. PMID- 3499823 TI - The immunopathology of sequential tumor biopsies in patients treated with interleukin-2. Correlation of response with T-cell infiltration and HLA-DR expression. AB - Sequential tumor biopsies from 9 patients with disseminated cancers were obtained before, during, and after treatment with interleukin-2 (IL-2) with or without the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Infiltrating lymphoid and tumor cells were characterized in frozen sections by the use of monoclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique. Five patients had objective tumor regression (1 complete response of a follicular lymphoma, 4 partial responses of melanomas). Four patients (2 melanomas, 1 renal cell carcinoma, 1 breast carcinoma) were nonresponsive after treatment. After treatment, responsive tumors showed a pronounced infiltration of T cells, mainly Leu-2+ (CD8, primarily cytotoxic/suppressor) cells. Macrophages, although increased, were fewer than the T cells, and Leu-7+ or Leu-11+ (NK and K) cells were virtually absent. In nonresponders, there was no significant increase in lymphoid cells after therapy, and no differences were noted between groups before therapy. In 4 of 5 responders, tumor cells were positive for HLA-DR before therapy; and in the remaining responder, the tumor became positive during treatment. Tumor cells in all biopsy specimens from nonresponders were DR- before and after the start of therapy. It is concluded that the expression of HLA-DR by tumor cells may play a role in the response to IL-2 with or without LAK and that marked infiltration by T cells accompanies, and possibly mediates, such a response. PMID- 3499825 TI - 'Lumping it': the hidden denominator of the medical malpractice crisis. AB - In a recent article, Miller has reminded us that medical malpractice litigation is not simply an economic problem which inhibits medical practice and increases health care costs. She argues that it has three broader "societal objectives": reparation, emotional vindication, and deterrence. Viewed in the broader perspective of social values, the Maine data suggest that our current approach to medical malpractice does not perform well. Significant numbers of respondents believe that they have been neither vindicated nor compensated for their own or their relatives' illness, injury, or death; and that they have not had the opportunity to protect others from harm. As Miller suggests in her review of British alternatives to medical malpractice litigation, there may be more efficient and effective means of reparation. There may also be more direct and less costly means to deter incompetent practitioners and vindicate those who are harmed. We shall never discover these alternatives if we view the medical malpractice "crisis" as a simple or straightforward problem of costs of premiums, costs of settlements, and costs of judgments; numerators. Medical malpractice litigation is the expression of deep and highly complicated problems, which cannot be solved or even significantly alleviated by false solutions motivated only by concerns of costs and cost containment. They can be addressed only by careful, thoughtful, and comprehensive analysis. PMID- 3499827 TI - Histiocytosis-X isolated to the cervical spinal cord. AB - Histiocytosis-X may involve many tissues, including the central nervous system. This report is the first documentation of histiocytosis-X occurring exclusively in the spinal cord. We present a patient with cervical spinal cord disease causing spastic paraplegia, flaccid right arm weakness, and sensory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord clearly demonstrated the entire lesion. Following surgical decompression and biopsy, the cervical spinal cord was treated with low-dose radiation, which resulted in complete regression of the lesion by radiologic assessment. The child became neurologically normal, and histiocytosis-X has not been detected in other organ systems. PMID- 3499826 TI - The histology of reactive lymph nodes. AB - For histological evaluation of a lymph node specimen, it is essential to understand the morphology of the reaction patterns in the normal lymph node after challenge with antigen. The four different immunological reaction patterns seen in the lymph node each take place in their own compartment. Thus the follicle (or germinal) center cell reaction takes place in the follicle, the plasma cell reaction takes place in the medullary cords, the specific cellular response takes place in the paracortex, while in the sinuses, a histiocytic reaction may be observed. Often one reaction is followed or accompanied by another. Furthermore, because different antigenic challenges stimulate the four reactions in different ways, lymph node histology is highly variable and dependent on the kind of antigenic stimulation. Each of the four different reactions (and thus each of the four lymph node compartments) is described morphologically and immunohistologically. Markers identify the B-cell (follicle, medullary cords), T cell (paracortex), or histiocytic (sinuses) nature of the compartments. A number of malignant conditions that can resemble benign lymph node lesions are discussed briefly, and morphologic and marker criteria for differential diagnosis are reviewed. Recognition of the four different reaction patterns with the addition of marker studies should allow a high percentage of accurate diagnoses. PMID- 3499828 TI - Hallucinations after anaesthesia. PMID- 3499829 TI - Relative potency of propofol and thiopentone. PMID- 3499830 TI - Propofol infusion for sedation in intensive care. AB - Ten patients, with a range of illness severity, received a continuous 8-hour infusion of undiluted propofol for sedation while undergoing mechanical ventilation in a general intensive care unit. The level of sedation was assessed hourly and measurements were made of haemodynamic, respiratory, haematological and biochemical variables. Sedation remained satisfactory in most patients throughout the study period, with only occasional alterations in infusion rate, and eight patients required further sedative therapy within 45 minutes of discontinuation of the propofol infusion. Arterial pressure tended to decrease from baseline values; mean and diastolic pressures demonstrated a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) at 4, 7 and 8 hours during the infusion. Adrenal steroidogenesis was not inhibited significantly. Propofol infusion proved to be a useful and readily controllable sedative agent, and discontinuation of the drug was followed by rapid recovery in most cases. The critically ill may be particularly sensitive to the cardiovascular depressant properties of the drug. PMID- 3499831 TI - A comparison of hemodynamic indices derived by invasive monitoring and two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-echo) is useful for monitoring global and regional left ventricular function. The 2D-echo view most frequently utilized during intraoperative monitoring is the short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles. To determine whether hemodynamic data can be derived from this single 2D-echo short-axis view, 12 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were studied. All patients had normal left ventricular function preoperatively (ejection fraction = 64% +/- 12%). Echo-data were obtained before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by epicardial placement of a 5 MHz echo-transducer. The correlation between thermodilution and echo-derived cardiac indices was good (r = 0.8), and not significantly different from the correlation between stroke indices (r = 0.68). A strong positive correlation was established between end-diastolic volume index and echo cardiac index (CIE) (r = 0.93 before CPB; r = 0.91 after CPB) and end-diastolic area index and CIE (r = 0.94 before CPB; r = 0.91 after CPB). The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was not a determinant of cardiac index before or after cardiopulmonary bypass. No correlation was observed between systemic vascular resistance and echo-derived wall stress. These findings demonstrate that, in patients with good left-ventricular function undergoing CABG surgery, 2D-echo provides a better index of left-ventricular preload than conventional invasive hemodynamic monitoring. PMID- 3499833 TI - [Pulmonary regulation of the concentration of "pain substances" in arterial blood during surgical trauma and protective electroacupuncture analgesia]. PMID- 3499832 TI - [Prevention of hemodynamic disorders in patients with ischemic heart disease and involvement of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 3499834 TI - Peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in men with "idiopathic" infertility with antisperm autoantibodies. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in ten men, with idiopathic infertility with serum sperm agglutinating antibodies at a titre of 1/32, were evaluated. Mononuclear cells were enumerated using the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (pan T cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer T cells), OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), Leu 7 (monocytes, null cells, and natural killer (NK) cells), OKIa (B cells, monocytes, null cells and activated T cells). Blood mononuclear cells with surface receptors for complement (B lymphocytes and a proportion of monocytes and null cells) were enumerated using a rosette test (EAC). The following abnormalities, compared to normal subjects, of blood mononuclear cell population were found: a decreased percentage of OKT3 (+) cells (p less than 0.01), a decreased percentage of OKT8 + cells (p less than 0.001) and increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio (p less than 0.001), an increased percentage of OKIAI cells (p less than 0.001). Levels of OKT4+ and Leu 7 cells and the percentage of EAC rosette forming cells were not significantly different from those in normal subjects. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the percentage of OKIAI cells and sperm agglutinating antibodies. After all that, significant correlation between humoral and cell-mediated immunity in patients with idiopathic infertility with antisperm autoantibodies, were observed. PMID- 3499835 TI - Frequency of association of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus with mononuclear leukocytes from persistently infected cattle. AB - All mononuclear leukocytes and T lymphocyte-enriched and B lymphocyte-enriched subpopulations of mononuclear leukocytes collected from 8 cows persistently infected with 1 of 3 isolates of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus were tested for association with virus. For all persistently infected cows, approximately 4.4% of all mononuclear leukocytes, 5.4% of T lymphocyte-enriched, and 2.1% of B lymphocyte-enriched subpopulations of mononuclear leukocytes were associated with virus. Differences between leukocyte populations in percentages of leukocytes associated with virus were real (P less than 0.05). Among virus isolates, significant differences in percentages of leukocytes associated with virus were not detected. PMID- 3499836 TI - Prognostic factors and life expectancy of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - To assess determinants of prognosis for 43 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, objective clinical and histopathologic characteristics were analyzed for acute and long term prognostic significance. Severe abnormalities on initial chest radiographs and alveolar-arterial oxygen differences (AaPO2) greater than 30 mm Hg were associated with higher mortality during the period of treatment for the acute episode (p less than 0.05). Decreased long-term survival after the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia correlated with the severity of interstitial edema (a component of diffuse alveolar damage) on initial transbronchial biopsy and elevation of AaPO2 at the time of diagnosis (Cox proportional hazards analysis, p less than 0.05). The persistence of Pneumocystis cysts after 3 wk of therapy was associated with significantly decreased long-term survival (p less than 0.05) when follow-up biopsy was performed in 27 of the patients. Patients with a diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia before July 1985 had more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and a worse prognosis than did those in whom the diagnosis was made after July 1985 (p less than 0.05). This study demonstrates that important prognostic information can be derived from information obtained at initial presentation and follow-up bronchoscopic evaluation in patients with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and suggests that early detection and initiation of therapy may improve chances for survival. PMID- 3499837 TI - Treatment of spastic dysphonia without nerve section. AB - Spastic dysphonia is a disorder characterized by strained, constricted phonation with excessively adducted vocal cords. Despite initial success with recurrent laryngeal nerve section, the search for other treatment continues. Our clinical study involved inserting a needle electrode percutaneously into the region of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in five patients with spastic dysphonia. Electrical stimulation resulted in dramatic improvement in three patients and minimal improvement in two. Our experimental study was designed to create an animal model for an implantable nerve stimulator to be used on a long-term basis. A Medtronic spinal cord stimulation system was implanted into a dog, and a cuff electrode was positioned around the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Vocal cord position could be altered by varying the stimulus frequency. Long-term stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was relatively safe and effective. Eventually, we plan to implant nerve stimulators into spastic dysphonia patients who respond well to percutaneous stimulation. PMID- 3499838 TI - Selective visceral angiography in obscure postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding may be difficult to diagnose and treat. Selective visceral angiography localised the bleeding site in seven out of ten episodes of obscure postoperative gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and in two cases radiological embolisation was used successfully to control the bleeding. Angiography, preferably during an episode of haemorrhage, is recommended whenever possible for patients with undiagnosed postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3499839 TI - [Coronary revascularization surgery in patients over 70 years of age. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 3499840 TI - [Bepridil and torsades de pointes. Apropos of 11 cases]. AB - The authors report 11 cases of spikes occurring under bepridil treatment. It concerns an elderly population, predominantly female, receiving most of the time 300 mg of bepridil. The frequency of associated hypokalemic or arrhythmic medications is emphasized. The comparison of these results to those from other series in the literature, enables to propose precautions for the use of this molecule. PMID- 3499841 TI - Ring chromosome 21 in the mother and 21/21 translocation in the fetus: karyotype: 45,XX,-21,-21,+t(21;21)(p11;q11). AB - In 1984 we reported a ring chromosome 21 in a normal woman with recurrent fetal wastage (Kleczkowska and Fryns, 1984). A 46,XY normal fetal karyotype was found after prenatal diagnosis at 14 1/2 weeks in a third pregnancy of this woman. In the present paper we report the prenatal diagnosis of a 21/21 translocation in a female fetus from her fourth pregnancy. PMID- 3499842 TI - Moderate mental retardation and mild dysmorphic syndrome in proximal 7q interstitial deletion. AB - In this report we describe a proximal 7q interstitial deletion in a 3-years-old moderately mentally retarded girl with mild dysmorphic features but absence of severe malformations. PMID- 3499843 TI - [Cloverleaf skull associated with generalized bone defects close to asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia]. AB - The association of cloverleaf skull and micromelia is reputed. X-ray images of the skull are typical; those of the skeleton are compatible with the thoracic dysplasia reported by Jeune, or with chondro-ectodermic dysplasia: short ribs, horizontal roof of the acetabulum with a rounded median prominence and lateral spurs, deformed long bones with broad metaphyses, absent ossification of the terminal phalanges. The mode of inheritance of the syndrome is probably autosomal recessive. The association reported is undescribed until now, although cloverleaf skull can be associated with other bone deformities. Most often the latter are thanatophoric dwarfism or a syndrome including ankylosis of the elbow joints, occasionally of the knees, club-foot, syndactyly and absent phalanges. PMID- 3499844 TI - Multiple pterygium syndrome in five Arab sibs. AB - This report describes an Arab family in which the parents are first cousins and with 5 siblings having multiple pterygium syndrome. The last pregnancy which produced an affected sib was prenatally diagnosed by ultrasonography. Intrafamilial variability of clinical features is discussed. The report stresses the importance of the differentiation between various genetic entities with multiple pterygium. PMID- 3499845 TI - Terminal deletion 1q43 in a newborn with hydrocephalus. AB - A male newborn presented the main craniofacial features of the 1q terminal syndrome: prominent metopic sutures, flat nose bridge, wide short nose with anteverted nares, epicantus, telecanthus, long philtrum, thin upper lip with a well defined cupid bow, downturned corners of the mouth, retrognathia. The child also had an aqueductal obstructive hydrocephalus. PMID- 3499846 TI - Incidental finding of double minutes (DM), single minutes (SM), homogenously staining regions (HSR), premature chromosome condensation (PCC), and premature centromere division (PCD)? AB - The incidental finding of DM's, minutes, HSR's, PCC, and PCD in two completely unrelated cases--one is a prenatal diagnosis in a twin pregnancy complicated by hydramnios and feto-fetal exsanguination, the other is an adult Klinefelter patient--raises the question whether such findings are coincidental or whether there is a common denominator in such cases. Possible relationships between these phenomena and the observed cases are discussed. PMID- 3499848 TI - Constitutional del(5)(q23.3q31.1). AB - A 4-month-old male infant with muscular hypotonia, growth and psychomotor retardation, large low-set ears, hypoplastic genitalia, right hip luxation and bilateral equinovarus, was found to have a constitutional 46,XY,del(5)(q23.3q31.1) karyotype. From the comparison with 12 similar cases, a rather characteristic clinical phenotype emerges. PMID- 3499847 TI - Chromosome 18 variant with increased centromeric tandemly repeated DNA in a family. AB - At amniocentesis of a woman in her forties, a familial abnormal chromosome 18 is found. The very elongated short arm is shown to consist partially of centromeric heterochromatin of 18 by specific DNA probe. The newborn develops normally. PMID- 3499849 TI - Dissociation of tdic chromosomes: about a t(15;18)(p11;p11) leading to 18p monosomy. AB - A 10-month-old girl with monosomy due to a de novo 45,XX,-15, 18,+tdic(15;18)(p11;p11) karyotype is described. The abnormal chromosome underwent dissociation into two telocentrics in 5/200 (2.5%) metaphases. This and other comparable instances indicate that, in addition to criss-cross separation of the dicentric chromatids, the characteristics of the anomalous reunion also influence the rate of dissociation. Besides, the mean maternal (31.2) and paternal (35.1) ages in this subtype of 18p monosomy are significantly increased. PMID- 3499850 TI - Ovarian dysgenesis due to an idic(X)(q2803). AB - A 17-year-old female patient with gonadal dysgenesis but no other turnerian features was found to have a 46,X,idic(X)(pter----q2803:q2803----pter) karyotype in her lymphocytes. Replication of the rearranged X was consistently late and symmetrical. It is postulated that the ovarian dysgenesis usually seen in nonmosaic carriers of Xq;Xq terminal rearrangements may be secondary to a nonreactivation of the abnormal chromosome before meiosis. PMID- 3499851 TI - Cytogenetic study of twelve human near-diploid breast cancers with chromosomal changes. AB - The karyotypes of 12 fresh breast cancers, including two of the male, selected for their near-diploidy and their slight number of anomalies, i.e. less than 10 rearranged chromosomes, are reported. A clonal evolution could be demonstrated in 4 cases. Most of chromosomal imbalances result from structural rearrangement, frequently after breakage in juxtacentromeric heterochromatin. There does not seem to exist a specific breakpoint, but many of the imbalances are recurrent. They are, by decreasing order of frequency: gain of 1q, (7 cases), losses of 11q, 16q and 1p (5 cases), losses of 8p and 13q (4 cases), gain of 8q and losses of 6q and 17p (3 cases). None of these anomalies can be regarded as primary, but they are likely to be selected because they confer a slight selective advantage for the carrier cells during the tumoral progression. PMID- 3499852 TI - Recurrent HSR in the centromeric region of chromosome 8 in breast cancer. AB - In a sample of 44 human breast cancers, the presence of HSRs was detected in 15 cases (36%). The occurrence of HSRs seems correlated poorly with tumor progression, but the number of HSRs per cell certainly does. Chromosome 8 was the most frequently involved, and the HSRs were always located near its centromere, suggesting that an amplification of gene(s) located in this region has occurred. Among these, LHRH is a candidate, but further studies are needed to confirm or reject this hypothesis. PMID- 3499853 TI - [Partial trisomy 13 due to t(X;13) translocation. Contribution of in situ hybridization]. AB - A new case of partial trisomy 13 through unbalanced de novo translocation t(X;13) is reported. In situ hybridization has been used to specify breakage points on the X chromosome. This case is cytogenetically comparable with another reported case; the phenotypical aspect of these two patients is however different. This discrepancy is discussed. PMID- 3499854 TI - Cytogenetic study of a cell line of human penile cancer. AB - A cell line of penile cancer from a 60-year-old Ugandan black patient has been studied by the authors. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed a large number of blebs and microvilli at cell surface; desmosomes were evident at TEM. Cytogenetic investigation (R-, C-, Nor-banding) showed the frequent presence of some markers: del(1p),del(1q),iso(3q),der(4),del(8p),11q+, t rob(13;14), 14p+, t rob(21;21). The epidemiology, geographical distribution, and aetiological role of human papilloma virus type 16 and herpes simplex type 2 are discussed. PMID- 3499855 TI - De novo inv del(4) in an infant with the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. AB - An infant was found to have a de novo complex rearrangement of one chromosome 4. Her karyotype was interpreted as 46,XX,inv del(4)(pter::p16.3::q31.2--- p15.2::q31.2----qter). Clinically she showed the features of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. PMID- 3499856 TI - Aberrant translocations in chronic myelogenous leukaemia with hidden chromosome 9 or 22 involvement. AB - Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain how chromosome 9 or 22 involvement can be hidden in aberrant translocations in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. These mechanisms need to be confirmed or rejected using in situ hybridization. PMID- 3499857 TI - Chromosome 22 mosaic monosomy (46,XY/45,XY,-22). AB - A slightly dysmorphic and mentally defective child with mosaic monosomy 22 is reported. Chromosome 22 is absent in 10.5% of lymphocytes and 8.3% of fibroblasts. This is the second case report of that kind. PMID- 3499858 TI - Distinct dysmorphic syndrome in a child with inverted distal 5q duplication. AB - In the present paper we report a moderately mentally retarded 3 1/2-year-old girl with distal inverted 5q duplication (karyotype 46,XX,inv dup(5)(pter--- q35.3::q35.3----q32::q35.3----qter). A distinct dysmorphic syndrome was present corresponding to the socalled "B-type" phenotype in 5q duplications, due to a duplication of band 5q33. PMID- 3499859 TI - Effect of PSK on cytotoxicity against sarcoma-180 in tumor-bearing mice. AB - The effect of PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide with antitumor activity, on the host defence mechanism against tumor in sarcoma-180-bearing mice was examined. PSK restored the capacity to generate cytotoxic lymphocytes and complement requiring cytotoxic antibody in tumor-bearing mice. PSK did not, however augment cytotoxic activity in tumor-free mice. PMID- 3499860 TI - Phorbol ester and epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer. AB - Recently hormone - dependent mammary carcinoma cell lines were shown to exhibit in vitro significantly lower protein kinase C (PKC) activities and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) as compared to hormone - independent cell lines. Measurements of EGF-R levels in primary human breast cancer biopsies were determined by [125I]-EGF binding. The EGF binding correlated inversely with the estrogen (ER) (p less than 0.001), progesterone receptor (PR) (p less than 0.005) contents and with the age of the patients. In contrast, the amounts of PKC, determined by phorbol ester binding, correlated inversely only with the PR (p less than 0.001), but not with the ER (p = 0.065). There was, however, a significant inverse correlation (p less than 0.05) between phorbol ester binding and ER levels if ER positive biopsies but with a PR negative value (i.e. with a non functional estrogen receptor) were excluded from statistical analysis. These data suggest an inverse relationship between the EGF-R or the phorbol ester receptor and the steroid receptor system in human breast cancer. PMID- 3499861 TI - Production of low-affinity penicillin-binding protein by low- and high-resistance groups of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (137 strains) for which the cefazolin MICs are at least 25 micrograms/ml could be classified into low resistance (83% of strains) and high-resistance (the remaining 17%) groups by the MIC of flomoxef (6315-S), a 1-oxacephalosporin. The MICs were less than 6.3 micrograms/ml and more than 12.5 micrograms/ml in the low- and high-resistance groups, respectively. All strains produced penicillin-binding protein 2' (PBP 2'), which has been associated with methicillin resistance and which has very low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. Production of PBP 2' was regulated differently in low- and high-resistance strains. With penicillinase-producing strains of the low-resistance group, cefazolin, cefamandole, and cefmetazole induced PBP 2' production about 5-fold, while flomoxef induced production 2.4 fold or less. In contrast, penicillinase-negative variants of low-resistance strains produced PBP 2' constitutively in large amounts and induction did not occur. With high-resistance strains, flomoxef induced PBP 2' to an extent similar to that of cefazolin in both penicillinase-producing and -negative strains, except for one strain in which the induction did not occur. The amount of PBP 2' induced by beta-lactam antibiotics in penicillinase-producing strains of the low resistance group correlated well with resistance to each antibiotic. Large amounts of PBP 2' in penicillinase-negative variants of the low-resistance group did not raise the MICs of beta-lactam compounds, although these strains were more resistant when challenged with flomoxef for 2 h. Different regulation of PBP 2' production was demonstrated in the high- and low-resistance groups, and factor(s) other than PBP 2' were suggested to be involved in the methicillin resistance of high-resistance strains. PMID- 3499862 TI - Increased susceptibility to cephamycin-type antibiotics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus defective in penicillin-binding protein 2. AB - A methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus which produced low affinity penicillin-binding protein 2' (PBP 2') spontaneously lost PBP 2 when the strain was cultivated at 43 degrees C overnight. At 37 degrees C, the mutant had increased susceptibility to cephamycin-type beta-lactams, which showed high affinity for PBP 4. This result suggests that inhibition of PBP 4, in addition to that of PBP 2, is necessary to kill methicillin-resistant strains. PMID- 3499863 TI - Role of beta-lactamase in expression of resistance by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Of 27 unique clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, only 4 were homogeneously resistant, and all 4 produced little or no beta lactamase. Among heterogeneously resistant strains, those most resistant to beta lactam antibiotics produced the most beta-lactamase. Similar genes may regulate production of the low-affinity penicillin-binding protein and beta-lactamase. PMID- 3499864 TI - Familial scleroderma in a kindred with high incidence of autoimmune disease: correlation with HLA-A1/B8 haplotype. PMID- 3499865 TI - Psychological adjustment and diabetic control. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations, C peptide secretion, insulin dose, psychiatric state, intellectual functioning, and the extent to which the implementation of the diabetic regimen was shared between parent and child were studied in a cross sectional study of 50 children with diabetes aged 6-16. Indications of psychological disturbance in the children and their parents predicted low glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in the children, and accounted for 44% of variance in blood glucose control. The child's early and independent participation in the implementation of the diabetic regimen was associated with poor control. PMID- 3499867 TI - Skin rashes after triple vaccine. PMID- 3499866 TI - Specific enlargement of the fourth ventricle after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. AB - Disproportionate enlargement or isolation of the fourth ventricle are rare complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Obvious features such as ataxia may indicate raised intracranial pressure in the posterior fossa. The child may, however, present with less specific signs of vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy and these symptoms may be misinterpreted as secondary to dilation of the lateral ventricular system due to malfunction of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Two children with disproportionate enlargement of the fourth ventricle and two children with isolation of the fourth ventricle are described to illustrate the wide variations in clinical presentation. These rare complications can be diagnosed by real time ultrasound examination of the brain or computed tomography of the head. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child who deteriorates after lateral ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and dealt with specifically to avoid the risk of upward herniation of the enlarged fourth ventricle. PMID- 3499868 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, minoxidil and hydrocortisone on growth kinetics in human hair bulb papilla cells and root sheath fibroblasts cultured in vitro. AB - Comparative studies on growth kinetics of cultivated human hair bulb papilla cells (PCs) and hair root sheath fibroblasts (RSFs) yielded evidence of some peculiarities of PCs in both proliferative behavior and morphological growth pattern. As the dermal papilla, essentially supporting the nutrition of matrix epithelium, can be considered a target tissue for agents influencing maintenance of hair growth, we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), minoxidil (Mino), and hydrocortisone (HC) on the proliferation of PCs and RSFs, both gained from dissected hair follicles of scalp biopsy specimens of two male adults and separately cultured in vitro. EGF and FGF proved to increase proliferation of both PCs and RSFs most, yet at a different intensity for each cell group. HC slowed proliferation, and Mino failed to influence growth of PCs and RSFs. PMID- 3499869 TI - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Langerhans cells, immunologic effect of retinoid treatment and cytogenetics. AB - A case study is presented of a 44-year-old negroid male with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), cutaneous carcinomas, and impaired cell-mediated immunity (CMI), infected with human papillomavirus type 8 and 17. Analysis was made of (a) T6+ and HLA-DR+ Langerhans cells (LCs) by immunoperoxidase staining in lesional and clinically normal skin before and during retinoid treatment, (b) the effect of retinoid treatment on CMI in vivo and in vitro, and (c) cytogenetic aspects related to chromosomal instability. The results showed the virtual absence of T6+ and HLA-DR+ LCs in koilocytic areas of epidermis involved with EV. Light-exposed, clinically normal skin also demonstrated microscopic EV lesions largely devoid of T6+ and HLA-DR+ LCs. Retinoid treatment with etretinate (Ro 10-9359) appeared both to increase the CMI response in vitro to T-cell mitogens and to influence the in situ pattern of T6+ and HLA-DR+ LCs. The cytogenetic study did not show evidence of spontaneous or UV-induced chromosomal instability. PMID- 3499870 TI - Reduction of the number of immunocompetent cells in the acute stage of herpes zoster. AB - Circulating and in situ mononuclear cell subsets were phenotypically characterized during both the acute and convalescent phase of herpes zoster infections in 14 patients. In peripheral blood a significant reduction in the absolute number of Leu 4+ T cells, Leu 2a+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, Leu 3a+ helper/inducer T cells, Leu 7+ killer cells, and B1+ B cells were found during the acute stage compared to convalescents and normal controls. In contrast no change in the absolute number of MO2+ monocytes was seen in the acute stage of the disease. During convalescence a return to normal values in the lymphocyte subsets and killer cells was seen within 1-2 months after the initial disease presentation. In skin biopsy specimens from 4 of the 14 patients with active herpes zoster lesions the cellular infiltrate consisted of T cells (Leu 4+) the majority being helper/inducer T cells (Leu 3a+). Most of the cells expressed HLA DR (Ia) antigens and were according to this in an activated state. The observed changes in effector and regulatory cell numbers may have implications for the acquisition of Varicella-zoster virus infections, the immune deficiency state associated with the disease, and/or the immune response to resolve the infection. PMID- 3499871 TI - Cellular kinetics of delayed hypersensitivity test reactions to topical glucocorticosteroids. AB - The phenotypes of the infiltrating cells in 13 patients with delayed hypersensitivity to topical glucocorticosteroids (GCS) were studied from sequential biopsies of positive epicutaneous test reactions by using the avidin biotin-complex (ABC) technique. Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the cells with the following phenotypes: T3, T4/T4a, T6, T8, T9, T11, M1, Ia1 (HLA DR), interleukin-2 receptor/T26a, and dendritic reticular cell. The cellular kinetics of GCS hypersensitivity reactions were compared with delayed hypersensitivity reactions caused by allergens not related to GCS. In both GCS and non-GCS reactions the epidermal dendritic T6+ cells were more numerous than dendritic Ia1+ cells. There was a decrease in the number of both cell types during these reactions; in GCS reactions the decrease in the number of T6+ cells was seen later than in non-GCS reactions. Ia1+ keratinocytes were seen at sites near dermal infiltrates. Compared with the non-GCS delayed hypersensitivity reaction, there were fewer pan T (T11+/T3+) in the GCS reaction. The relative numbers of M1+ monocytes and the T4/T8 ratio were substantially lower in the latter; these findings can be explained as a GCS effect which modulates the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 3499872 TI - [Osteocalcin in normo- and hypercalciuric renal lithiasis: no evidence of change]. PMID- 3499873 TI - Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in England and Wales, 1981-2. AB - The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was estimated from a secondary analysis of data collected during the Third National Study of Morbidity Statistics from General Practice, 1981-2. A total of 20 cases, all female, were seen by general practitioners during the study period. The period prevalence of SLE was 12.5/100,000 among women of all ages and 17.7/100,000 among women aged 15 to 64. These rates are lower than those reported from other developed Western countries; this is probably due to misclassification in diagnosis or prior referral of cases to consultants for chronic care, or both. PMID- 3499874 TI - Standardisation of serological tests for rheumatoid factor measurement. AB - Standardisation of quantitative data obtained by several types of rheumatoid factor test was achieved by the use of a reference serum preparation. Interlaboratory comparability improved for the latex fixation test, the Waaler Rose test, the IgM RF test by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the antiperinuclear factor test. Use of a common method and latex preparation was not sufficient to improve comparability for the latex test. The comparability of IgM RF tests by immunofluorescence (IF) was not changed by reading against a common reference. It is concluded that expression in international units, as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO), improves interlaboratory comparison of quantitative data in rheumatoid serology. PMID- 3499875 TI - HLA-B27 and the causes of arthritis: does molecular biology help? PMID- 3499876 TI - HLA-B27 in Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3499877 TI - The impact of colonoscopy on the early detection of colonic neoplasms in patients with rectal bleeding. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of 372 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy because of rectal bleeding. The three distinct patterns of bleeding studied were chronic (224 cases), recent major (93 cases), and acute bleeders (55 cases). In 50% of the cases, colonoscopy detected a lesion other than diverticula. These lesions consisted of several forms of colitis, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), ulcers, and most importantly, neoplasms in 34% of the cases. In 13% of the cases, an invasive neoplasm was detected and 76% of them were early stage (Dukes A or B). A third of the neoplasms were located proximal to the splenic flexure. Among patients with a negative barium enema, 35% had a neoplasm detected on colonoscopy. These findings were similar for the three distinct patterns of rectal bleeding studied. These data support the need for colonoscopy in all types of rectal bleeders, regardless of the results obtained by BE. PMID- 3499879 TI - The chemotherapy of rodent malaria XLI. Causal prophylaxis. Part V. Effect of mefloquine on exoerythrocytic schizogony in Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. AB - Previous studies using mefloquine in rodents have suggested that this compound has no effect on pre-erythrocytic schizogony. In the present study, direct observations on 46-hour-old pre-erythrocytic schizonts of P. yoelii in the liver of rats have shown that mefloquine does induce recognizable changes in the peripheral, enzyme-containing vesicles but that these are insufficient to hinder the maturation of the parasites, thus confirming that this compound has no causal prophylactic value. PMID- 3499878 TI - Alleviation of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity with verapamil and ATP-MgCl2. Mitochondrial respiratory and calcium studies. AB - Although recent studies have shown that combined treatment with verapamil and ATP MgCl2 (ATP) prevents cyclosporine (CyA)-induced nephrotoxicity, the mechanism of these effects remains unknown. To study this, rat kidneys were perfused at 100 mmHg for 100 minutes with Krebs buffer containing 7.5 g/dL of albumin and substrates. After an equilibration period of 30 minutes, 500 ng/mL CyA was added. In some experiments 1 microgram/mL verapamil was added 10 minutes prior to CyA and in others 2 mM ATP was added to CyA. At the end of the perfusion, cortical mitochondria (mito) were isolated and mito Ca2+ and Mg2+ (mumoles/g protein) and respiratory control ratios (RCR) were measured. In addition, total tissue Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels were measured. The results indicate that CyA treatment leads to an accumulation of mito Ca2+ and a decrease in ADP/O ratio. Simultaneous administration of ATP with CyA led to an increased mito Ca2+ accumulation and depressed RCR, which were corrected by verapamil pretreatment. The combination of verapamil pretreatment and ATP cotreatment with CyA increased tissue ATP levels from 0.8 +/- 0.4 (control) to 1.4 +/- 0.1 mumol/g. This pharmacologic regimen may prevent CyA-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing mito Ca2+ accumulation and by preserving mitochondrial respiratory function. This allows a more efficient generation of ATP and consequently preservation of renal function. PMID- 3499880 TI - Medical versus early surgical therapy in patients with triple-vessel disease and mild angina pectoris: a CASS registry study of survival. AB - Results of coronary artery bypass grafting were evaluated in 856 nonrandomized patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry with mild angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classes I and II) and three-vessel disease, defined as 70% or more stenosis in the proximal or middle segment of the three major coronary arteries. There were 413 patients with medical therapy and 443 with early operation. Patients with delayed operation were kept in the medical group for analysis. Six-year survival adjusted for left ventricular (LV) function and number of proximal stenoses was 67% for medical and 84% for surgical patients (p less than 0.0001). Patients with normal LV function had equal survival with medicine or surgical intervention. Those with mild or moderate LV dysfunction (CASS LV wall motion score 6 to 9 and 10 to 15, respectively) and at least one proximal stenosis (the dominant right coronary artery) had increased probability of being alive at six years with surgical treatment. In patients with severe LV impairment (LV score higher than 15) and in those whose only proximal stenosis of 70% or more (in three-vessel disease) was located in the left anterior descending coronary artery, increased survival with surgical treatment could not be demonstrated. This is a nonrandomized observational study with the limitations of such studies: the need to adjust for differences in baseline traits between medical and surgical groups and the possibility of an unrecognized imbalance in baseline characteristics. In a Cox analysis of variables influencing outcome, early surgical treatment was an independent predictor of survival with 43% the risk of medical treatment (95% confidence range: 29 to 62%). Adjustment by propensity analysis to reduce selection bias from known differences in baseline variables did not alter results. PMID- 3499881 TI - The association of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding with calcific aortic stenosis. AB - The association of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and aortic stenosis remains problematical. The cases of 91 patients (age 38 to 80 years) with these disorders who were examined between 1955 and 1975 were reviewed to address this controversy. All patients underwent upper and lower gastrointestinal radiography, small bowel series, and proctoscopy. Other studies were endoscopy in 84 patients, colonoscopy in 61, and visceral angiography in 16. Of the 37 patients who underwent abdominal exploration, 35 (95%) continued to bleed postoperatively, including 8 of 10 patients who had bowel resection for angiodysplasia. Forty patients did not have an abdominal operation, and all have continued to bleed. Sixteen patients (2 of whom had had an abdominal procedure) underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. There were 2 intraoperative deaths among these 16 patients. At follow-up, which ranged from 8 to 12 years, only 1 patient who underwent aortic valve replacement had recurrent bleeding secondary to excessive anticoagulation. Thus, overall, gastrointestinal operation was successful in only 5% of patients, but aortic valve replacement was effective in 93%. For unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding associated with aortic stenosis, aortic valve replacement should be considered because of the likelihood of cure. PMID- 3499883 TI - The intraocular environment and experimental anaerobic bacterial endophthalmitis. AB - Anaerobic bacteria are prevalent in conjunctival flora but have not been adequately investigated as possible causes of endophthalmitis. The mean oxidation reduction potential (Eh) of the rabbit vitreous was found to be +25.1 mV, well within the limiting Eh value of many anaerobes. There was an oxygen pressure gradient in the vitreous ranging from 2.1 mm Hg immediately posterior to the lens to approximately 20 mm Hg adjacent to the medullary ray. Endophthalmitis was produced with pure cultures of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Propionibacterium acnes, and Peptostreptococcus magnus. Relatively small inoculates of F necrophorum caused severe, acute endophthalmitis with scleral perforation; P acnes and P magnus produced a self-limited endophthalmitis; and vitreoretinal fibrosis was a sequela of the Propionibacterium acnes infection. PMID- 3499882 TI - Heyde's syndrome: failure of a mechanical prosthesis and the possibility of a coagulation defect. AB - Recent data indicate that the gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplasia associated with aortic stenosis (Heyde's syndrome) can be alleviated by aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. This report details a situation in which valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis and the subsequent anticoagulation promoted gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplastic lesions. Only when the mechanical prosthesis was replaced with a porcine prosthesis and the anticoagulation discontinued did the gastrointestinal bleeding stop. PMID- 3499884 TI - The vestibular system in weightlessness. PMID- 3499886 TI - Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 3499885 TI - Thermal stimulation of the vestibular labyrinth during orbital flight. AB - During the European Spacelab mission (SL1) in 1983, caloric testing was performed for the first time in long-term weightlessness. After 2 days into orbital flight an unequivocal caloric nystagmus was observed in both subjects tested which corresponded in both quality and intensity with that measured in one-g conditions on Earth. The subsequent D1 mission enabled the experiment to be repeated on further subjects and with improved measurement procedures. As with the SL1 findings, the observed caloric nystagmus response proved to be equivalent to that measured during baseline testing on Earth. Renewed consideration of peripheral and central mechanisms, which might be involved in the elicitation of the caloric response--both in one-g and zero-g environments--has led to the reopening of a number of associated issues. One important observation which has been addressed by various research groups concerns the influence of the labyrinth's orientation to the gravity vector on the caloric response. The present authors have examined a group of healthy subjects in various body positions in the sagittal plane. The interindividual variability in the response behavior was found to be high; indeed single cases were observed in which the nystagmus response did not invert from the supine to the prone positions. These findings are discussed together with earlier reports in the literature. PMID- 3499887 TI - Gout and hyperuricaemia. PMID- 3499888 TI - Lupoid thrombocytopenia. AB - Lupoid thrombocytopenia is herein defined as a disorder in which patients with thrombocytopenia have a positive Hep 2 antinuclear antibody. Although these patients may have other clinical or laboratory findings consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus, they do not satisfy the revised diagnostic criteria set down by the American Rheumatism Association (1982). In all other respects they have similar findings to patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Six patients are described with their clinical and laboratory features. It is proposed that this disorder should be distinguished from other forms of autoimmune thrombocytopenia including that associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3499889 TI - Vacuum extraction and forceps delivery in a district hospital. AB - We compared 302 vacuum extractions and 205 forceps deliveries at Fairfield District Hospital, Sydney, over a period of 30 months. Age, parity, gestational age, length of labour and birth-weight were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Significantly less analgesia was required for mothers whose babies were delivered by vacuum extraction compared with mothers with forceps deliveries (p less than 0.01). Average blood loss was slightly higher during forceps delivery as compared with vacuum extraction and there was a significantly higher incidence of postpartum haemorrhage after forceps delivery (p less than 0.05). More babies were jaundiced after vacuum extraction and more required phototherapy, but the differences were slight and were not statistically significant. We conclude that vacuum extraction is a useful and safe alternative to forceps delivery in a district hospital setting. PMID- 3499890 TI - Comparative assessment of vestibular, optokinetic, and optovestibular stimulation in the development of experimental motion sickness. AB - The contribution of vestibular, optokinetic, and optovestibular stimulation to experimental motion sickness was evaluated in 29 volunteer subjects. Vestibular stimulation (Coriolis effect) was found to induce the most significant vestibular autonomic disorders. Optokinetic stimulation (pseudo-Coriolis effect) and optovestibular stimulation could provoke such disorders only in susceptible subjects. In quantitative terms, optokinetic and optovestibular stimulation were less effective than vestibular Coriolis stress. Nystagmic reactions of susceptible subjects to the three types of stimulation differed significantly from those of tolerant subjects. This may be important from the theoretical point of view because susceptibility to motion sickness and responses to vestibular and optokinetic stimulation may be universal and associated with the general CNS mechanism, i.e. inhibition mechanism. The identified correlation between the duration of postoptokinetic illusion and motion sickness susceptibility may be used to differentiate susceptible and tolerant subjects. PMID- 3499892 TI - Adaptive changes in perception of body orientation and mental image rotation in microgravity. AB - The perception of the subjective body orientation with respect to a foot reference basis, and the adaptation of mental image rotation have been investigated before, during, and after a 7-d spaceflight. The findings show that the body is tilted forward in darkness and in stabilized vision, which indicates a predominant role of vision in such orientational tasks performed in microgravity. Furthermore, perception of head angular rotation in pitch and roll axes seems to be altered in microgravity, whereas head displacements in yaw are estimated correctly. Subjects' capability to rotate mentally the image of the visual environment increased during the flight. Memorized writing was affected in microgravity, especially concerning the layout of letters corresponding to the vertical direction. PMID- 3499891 TI - Clinical characterization and etiology of space motion sickness. AB - An inflight, clinically-oriented investigation of SMS was begun on STS-4 and revealed the following: compared to motion sickness on Earth, autonomic signs are significantly different in space motion sickness (SMS) vs. motion sickness (MS) in that sweating is not present, pallor or flushing may be present, and vomiting is episodic, sudden, and brief. Nausea may be present but is more often absent. Onset ranges from minutes to hours, plateaus, and rapidly resolves in 8-72 h with 36 h as average. Postflight reactions have been mild unless deliberately provoked in the early period of re-exposure to gravity. Postflight there is a period of resistance to all forms of motion sickness. There is some evidence for individual reduction in sensitivity on repeated flights. Etiology could not be proven objectively; however, the sensitivity to angular motion, often pronounced in pitch, and theoretical considerations make an intravestibular conflict the most likely cause. Electro-oculogram (EOG), audio-evoked potentials, measurement of fluid shifts, and other studies are inconsistent with a transient vestibular hydrops or increased intracranial pressure as a cause. PMID- 3499893 TI - Vestibular response to pseudorandom angular velocity input: progress report. AB - Space motion sickness was not reported during the first Apollo missions; however, since Apollo 8 through the current Shuttle and Skylab missions, approximately 50% of the crewmembers have experienced instances of space motion sickness. One of NASA's efforts to resolve the space adaptation syndrome is to model the vestibular response for both basic knowledge and as a possible predictor of an individual's susceptibility to the disorder. This report describes a method to analyze the vestibular system when subjected to a pseudorandom angular velocity input. PMID- 3499894 TI - The effect of weightlessness on the flight behavior of pigeons with canal lesions. AB - The flight behavior of birds in parabolic flight was studied. Pigeons with labyrinthine lesions were released in weightlessness. Birds with one obstructed labyrinth showed a barbecue spin rotation, with movement directed toward the obstructed labyrinth. The birds with vertical canal blocks showed rotatory movements in the plane of the blocked canals. In weightlessness, the head was in retroflexion and bent over the shoulder, on the side of the obstructed anterior canal. They made tumbling movements backwards around the Y-axis through the skull, and this resulted in a spiral flight pattern. In birds with both the labyrinths obstructed three different phases can be distinguished. The first phase, in which a barbecue spin rotation directed towards the most recently obstructed labyrinth was clear, lasted 1 week. In the second phase this spin behavior is superimposed on a forward tumbling movement: an "outside loop." In the third phase this tumbling phenomenon is the only pattern that remains. The experiments offer not only a model to use in the explanation of the causes of particular vertiginous complaints in human patients, but, furthermore, give an answer to the question of what specific illusions belong to specific vestibular end-organ lesions. PMID- 3499895 TI - Rotation speed of labyrinthectomized fish during short-duration weightlessness. AB - This study used blind unilaterally labyrinthectomized goldfish of 5 to 15 cm body length. These goldfish were flown in parabolic flights to temporarily effect the loss of the second vestibular apparatus. Flights took place between 1 and 72 h after the operation. Attitude in 3 axes was recorded on video and analyzed from single-frame pictures for speed and direction of rotation about the roll (fish's body longitudinal) axis. Labyrinthectomy resulted in a rotation pattern consistent with literature under normal Earth-G conditions. Under diminished G influence, the rotations, contrary to our expectation, did not stop, but, rather, increased in speed by a factor of 2 to 4. The direction of rotation did not change. The fish readapted to the low-G environment rapidly and returned to the rotation speeds observed before entry into the parabolas during the 5 to 7 s of parabola duration. Current theories for the generation of adaptation are discussed and their merits in explaining the experimental data are compared. PMID- 3499896 TI - Pharmacological interventions for motion sickness: cardiovascular effects. AB - Motion sickness (MS) was provoked in healthy volunteers subjected to simultaneous rotation through the vertical axis with head movements (HM). Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and forearm blood flows (BF) were intermittently monitored. Forearm BF was measured by venous occluding plethysmography. Rotation at 20 rpm and cyclic HM were continued for 10 min or until the subject requested cessation of HM because of imminent emesis. There were no consistent changes in BP or HR, but marked increases in BF were observed with MS. There was an inverse correlation between duration of HM tolerance and increments in BF. Antimotion sickness medications scopolamine:d-amphetamine (0.4:5.0 mg) or promethazine:ephedrine (25:60 mg) failed to significantly increase the duration of HM; the latter mixture, however, did significantly reduce the HM-induced hyperemic responses. Administration of naproxyn (275 or 550 mg) did not significantly alter HM duration or BF responses. These studies suggest that BF changes may be an objective index of MS susceptibility. PMID- 3499897 TI - Transfer of perceptual-motor training and the space adaptation syndrome. AB - Perceptual cue conflict may be the basis for the symptoms which are experienced by space travelers in microgravity conditions. Recovery has been suggested to take place after perceptual modification or reinterpretation. To elucidate this process, 10 subjects who repeatedly experienced a visual/vestibular conflict (Purkinje) over trials and days, were then tested in a similar but not identical perceptual situation (pseudo-Coriolis) to determine whether any savings in perceptual adaptation had occurred as compared to an unpracticed control group (N = 10). The practiced subjects experienced lessening dizziness and ataxia within and over sessions. Their response to the new perceptual situation was markedly less than the control group (p less than 0.001). Assessment of "adaptability," in addition to the provocative vestibular tests now in use, may improve prediction of susceptibility to the space adaptation syndrome. An adaptability trait may exist in humans which, properly measured, could be used to predict who would adapt more readily to visual/vestibular conflict and perhaps to environmental stressors in general. PMID- 3499898 TI - Formation and metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human platelets. AB - 1. myo-[3H]Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], when added to lysed platelets, was rapidly converted into [3H]inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4], which was in turn converted into [3H]inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4)P3]. This result demonstrates that platelets have the same metabolic pathways for interconversion of inositol polyphosphates that are found in other cells. 2. Labelling of platelets with [32P]Pi, followed by h.p.l.c., was used to measure thrombin-induced changes in the three inositol polyphosphates. Interfering compounds were removed by a combination of enzymic and non-enzymic techniques. 3. Ins(1,4,5)P3 was formed rapidly, and reached a maximum at about 4 s. It was also rapidly degraded, and was no longer detectable after 30-60 s. 4. Formation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was almost as rapid as that of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and it remained detectable for a longer time. 5. Ins(1,3,4)P3 was formed after an initial lag, and this isomer reached its maximum, which was 10 fold higher than that of Ins(1,4,5)P3, at 30 s. 6. Comparison of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration as measured with fura-2 indicates that agents other than Ins(1,4,5)P3 are responsible for the sustained maintenance of a high concentration of intracellular Ca2+. It is proposed that either Ins(1,3,4)P3 or Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 may also be Ca2+-mobilizing agents. PMID- 3499899 TI - Ionic regulation of adenylate cyclase from the cilia of Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - The kinetics of the ionic regulation of an adenylate cyclase associated with the excitable ciliary membrane from Paramecium tetraurelia was examined. Glycerol (30%, v/v) stabilized the enzyme, and activated by an increase in Vmax. (3-fold) and a decrease in the apparent Km for MgATP (6-fold). Kinetic analysis of Mg2+ effects showed a stimulation via a single metal-binding site separate from the substrate site, with a dissociation constant, Ks, of 0.27 mM. Analysis of Ca2+ effects showed (i) an uncompetitive inhibition with respect to substrate MgATP, and (ii) dependence of the extent of inhibition on the free Mg2+ concentration. Ki values ranged from 4 to 130 microM-Ca2+ in the presence of 0.55-2 mM-Mg2+ respectively. This indicates competition between Mg2+ and Ca2+ at the metal binding site. The Ca2+ effect was specific; Sr2+ and Ba2+ were almost without effect, and 100 microM-Ba2+ did not interfere with the Ca2+ inhibition. The actions of Ca2+ were readily reversible after addition of EGTA. K+ activated the adenylate cyclase at concentrations around 20 mM. The stimulatory potency of K+ was dependent on the free Mg2+ concentration. At 1 mM free Mg2+, 20 mM-K+ doubled the adenylate cyclase activity. The inhibitory Ca2+ and stimulatory K+ inputs were independent of each other. PMID- 3499900 TI - Characterization of alpha-amylase and pullulanase activities of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. Evidence for a novel thermostable amylase. AB - Thermostable extracellular alpha-amylase and pullulanase activities of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum E 101-69 were characterized in a crude enzyme preparation. The activities responded similarly to temperature and pH, with optima at 85-90 degrees C and pH 5.6. The activities were stable at 65 degrees C, but were inactivated gradually in an identical manner at higher temperatures in the absence of Ca2+ and substrate. Ca2+ stabilized both activities similarly at high temperatures. Ca2+ also stimulated both activities, whereas EDTA reversed this stimulation. The activities were similarly inactivated at pH extremes. The two activities distributed in the same way during isoelectric focusing. The results suggest that the two activities are properties of the same protein, representing a novel, thermostable, amylase. PMID- 3499901 TI - Chemical modification of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by tetranitromethane. Structure-function relationship. AB - Nitration of tyrosine residues of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) by tetranitromethane yielded a product that maintained its inhibitory activity against trypsin but lost most of its inhibitory activity against elastase. Chemical analysis of the product showed that four out of the six tyrosine residues in alpha 1-PI had been nitrated to various degrees: Tyr-38 and Tyr-297 were not nitrated, whereas Tyr-138, Tyr-160, Tyr-187 and Tyr-244 were nitrated to extents in the range 40-80%. We interpreted these data to mean that modification of these tyrosine residues decreased the association constant between alpha 1-PI and the proteinases and that the decrease differs from one proteinase to the other. When either alpha 1-PI-trypsin or alpha 1-PI-elastase complex was nitrated, nitration took place only to a very slight extent at these latter four tyrosine residues. On the other hand, Tyr-38 and Tyr-297 underwent nitration to about 20%. We concluded that Tyr-138, Tyr-160, Tyr-187 and Tyr-244 were located on the surface of alpha 1-PI that interacts with either trypsin or elastase in the formation of complexes, and were therefore protected from nitration. PMID- 3499902 TI - Increased efflux rather than oxidation is the mechanism of glutathione depletion by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). AB - Incubation of isolated hepatocytes in the presence of either the parkinsonian inducing compound 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or its putative toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) led to a depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), which was mostly recovered as glutathione disulfide (GSSG). However, both MPTP- and MPP+-induced glutathione perturbances were relatively unaffected by the prior inhibition of glutathione reductase with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), suggesting that intracellular oxidation was not the major mechanism involved in the GSH loss. Inclusion of cystine in the incubation mixtures revealed a time-dependent formation of cysteinyl glutathione (CySSG), indicating that an increased efflux was mostly responsible for the MPTP- and MPP+-induced GSH depletion. Therefore, the measurement of GSSG, which is apparently formed extracellularly, was not associated with oxidative stress. PMID- 3499903 TI - Pertussis toxin inhibits the action of insulin-like growth factor-I. AB - Effect of pertussis toxin treatment on the actions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was examined in Balb/c 3T3 cells. In competent cells primed with epidermal growth factor, IGF-I stimulated both calcium influx and DNA synthesis. When these primed competent cells were treated with various concentrations of pertussis toxin for 2 hrs, IGF-I-induced calcium influx and DNA synthesis were inhibited in a similar dose dependent manner. The inhibitory action of pertussis toxin well coincided with the toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation of a 41 K-Da protein. These results suggest a possible involvement of a pertussis toxin sensitive GTP-binding protein in the action of IGF-I. PMID- 3499904 TI - Inhibitors of inositol trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from isolated platelet membrane vesicles. AB - Platelet membrane vesicles accumulated Ca2+ in an ATP-dependent fashion, and 25 50% of the accumulated Ca2+ was released by the addition of 10 microM inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). The concentration of IP3 required for half-maximal Ca2+ release was approximately 0.5 microM. The inhibition of IP3-induced Ca2+ release from these membrane vesicles by various agents was examined. Of the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blockers, cinnarizine and flunarizine were found to be potent inhibitors of IP3-induced Ca2+ release while having no effect on ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake. The IC50 value for both cinnarizine and flunarizine as inhibitors of IP3-induced Ca2+ release was below 10(-6) M. Nifedipine, verapamil, bepridil, and diltiazem did not significantly inhibit IP3-induced Ca2+ release at the highest concentration tested (50 microM). The "intracellular Ca2+ antagonists" ryanodine, TMB-8 (8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoate), dantroline, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine were not inhibitors of IP3-induced Ca2+ release at 50 microM. The local anesthetics benzocaine and lidocaine weakly inhibited the IP3-induced Ca2+ release with IC50 values of approximately 5 and 50 microM, respectively, whereas other local anesthetics tested were less potent inhibitors. The potent inhibitors described may prove useful as probes of the IP3-induced Ca2+ release channels. PMID- 3499905 TI - Effect of flutamide on hepatic cytosolic methyltrienolone (R1881) binding kinetics and testosterone responsive hepatic drug and steroid metabolism in the adult male rat. AB - Flutamide was used to investigate the mechanism involved in androgen responsive hepatic microsomal drug and steroid metabolism. We compared the antiandrogenic action of flutamide on the prostate to its effect on testosterone responsive hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (BPH) and testosterone reductase (TR) activities. Male Wistar rats, castrated as adults, were treated with 5 mumoles.kg-1.day-1 of testosterone enanthate subcutaneously for 10 days. Co administration of increasing doses of flutamide caused a dose-dependent reduction in prostate to body weight ratios and, in the same animals, caused significant alterations in adult male hepatic microsomal BPH and TR activities. These doses of flutamide did not affect the serum testosterone levels. To test the possibility that the action of flutamide on androgen responsive hepatic microsomal drug and steroid metabolism may be similar to that occurring in the prostate, a tissue which contains an androgen receptor, we also studied the effect of flutamide on the binding kinetics of the high affinity hepatic cytosolic [3H]R1881 binding protein in vivo. Scatchard analysis of [3H]R1881 binding data revealed a reduction in the binding capacity of the hepatic cytosolic androgen binding protein in castrated animals treated with a combination of flutamide and testosterone enanthate at doses capable of maximally altering hepatic microsomal drug and steroid metabolism. No alteration in binding affinity occurred in this treatment group. However, a decreased binding affinity was found when flutamide alone was given. The binding kinetics of the hepatic cytosolic androgen binding protein were not altered in the castrated adult male with or without testosterone treatment. When flutamide was injected daily into the intact adult female rat, no effect was observed on either hepatic microsomal BPH or TR activities. Taken together, these data indicate that flutamide reduces hepatic cytosolic R1881 binding in the adult male rat, and this may explain some of the effects of this antiandrogen on testosterone-sensitive hepatic microsomal drug and steroid metabolism. PMID- 3499906 TI - [Interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase B with methotrexate, folic and folinic acids]. AB - The interaction of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with methotrexate, folic and folinic acids has been studied. Microscopic dissociation constant for the glycogen phosphorylase b--methotrexate complex determined by analytical ultracentrifugation is 0.43 mM. A subunit of glycogen phosphorylase b is shown to have two sites for methotrexate binding. AMP and FMN diminish the affinity of glycogen phosphorylase b to methotrexate, whereas glycogen does not influence the methotrexate binding to the enzyme. Methotrexate, folic and folinic acids are found to be inhibitors of the muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. The inhibition is reversible and characterized by positive kinetic cooperativity (the Hill coefficient exceeds one unity). The value of the pterin concentration causing two-fold diminishing of the enzymatic reaction rate increased in the order: folic acid (0.65 mM), methotrexate (1.01 mM), folinic acid (3.7 mM). The antagonism between methotrexate, folic and folinic acids, on the one hand, and AMP and FMN, on the other, is revealed for their combined action. PMID- 3499907 TI - Elevated plasma C3 anaphylatoxin levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - Because synovial fluid levels of the C3 anaphylatoxins, C3a and C3a desArg, are more than 7 times higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in patients with degenerative joint disease or traumatic arthritis, we conducted a prospective study of plasma levels of C3 and C5 anaphylatoxins in 11 RA patients. The mean level of C3 anaphylatoxin in 37 RA plasma specimens was twice as high as that in samples obtained from 9 normal volunteers (272.9 +/- 106.1 ng/ml versus 133.9 +/- 19.4 ng/ml) (P less than 0.05). We found that the joint index and the disease activity index were correlated with the plasma C3 anaphylatoxin level, and that the correlation values were similar to those for serum C-reactive protein level and for the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In correlations of the joint index and disease activity index with combinations of laboratory test results, the plasma C3a level, the serum C-reactive protein level, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, we found that almost any pair of laboratory tests correlated more strongly than did any one test. PMID- 3499908 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of a new calcium antagonist, bepridil, in patients with coronary artery disease]. AB - Hemodynamic Effects of the New Calcium Antagonist Bepridil in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. For the evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of the new calcium antagonist bepridil 11 patients with coronary artery disease were studied. The following parameters were measured before, immediately after and 20 min after injection of 3 mg/kg bepridil i.v.: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, mean aortic pressure, peripheral vascular resistance, prolongation of the QT-interval in the ECG. Bepridil led acutely to a slight deterioration of the left ventricular function with a significant increase of the preload, but this negative effect was neutralized by the concomitant decrease of the afterload. These results indicate a favorable hemodynamic profile of this new agent. PMID- 3499910 TI - [Equilibriometric measurements of central vestibular dysregulation following administration of minocycline]. AB - An equilibriometric study has been performed on 20 healthy young women before and after the intake of 7 times 100 mg minocycline during 3 days. A systematic neurootological equilibriometry was performed analyzing the vestibular ocular, the vestibular spinal, the retino-ocular and the spontaneous nystagmus pathways. The results demonstrate that the tetracycline minocycline provokes a ponto medullary liberation of the central vestibular regulating mechanisms. The central vestibular disinhibition could be exhibited by the monaurally elicited vestibular ocular nystagmus as well as by the radar image like cranio-corpography recordings of the head and body movements during a vestibular spinal stepping test. In parallel with these findings the participants of the study increasingly complained about vertigo of the rocking type, instability, malaise and wretching. Thus, the untoward side effects of a tetracycline like minocycline which is a frequent complaint of the patients, appears to be due to a central disinhibition of the vestibular equilibrium regulating mechanisms. PMID- 3499909 TI - Pharmacological properties of the novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent N methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2 -one. AB - The antiinflammatory activity of the novel pyrrolidin-2-one derivative N-methoxy 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-o ne (E-5110) was investigated and compared with those of indomethacin and piroxicam in various antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic animal models. The acute antiinflammatory activity of E-5110 on the carrageenin paw edema was similar to that of indomethacin, and half that of piroxicam. The chronic inflammatory responses in established adjuvant- and type II collagen-induced arthritis, which are widely used models of rheumatoid arthritis, were suppressed as effectively by E-5110 as by indomethacin and piroxicam. E-5110 decreased the pleural exudate volume and inhibited leucocyte infiltration in a reversed passive Arthus reaction more potently than indomethacin, suggesting that mediators other than prostaglandin E2 may play an important role in this inflammatory process. The analgesic potency of E-5110 against inflammatory pain was similar to that of indomethacin or piroxicam, but the antipyretic activity of E-5110 was more potent than that of the reference drugs. The ulcerogenic effect of E-5110 on rat gastric mucosa was less than those of indomethacin and piroxicam. In conclusion, E-5110 is a very potent antiinflammatory compound acting against various types of inflammation, and has a favorable therapeutic index. PMID- 3499911 TI - Is prior mycobacterial infection a common predisposing factor to AIDS in Haitians and Africans? PMID- 3499912 TI - Basal and lipopolysaccharide-inducible membrane alkaline phosphatase of lymphoid cells from mice with immune system dysfunctions. AB - The expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase (mAlPase) activity is an enzymatic marker of activated but not resting B cells which can be used on unseparated lymphoid cell suspensions. It is higher in lymphoid cell suspensions from mice with higher proportions of B cells (athymic mice) or with more activated B cells (autoimmune mice) than in those of control mice. PMID- 3499914 TI - Evidence for a B-cell memory-forming factor (BMFF) able to reconstitute cyclosporin-A-induced suppression of the secondary response. PMID- 3499913 TI - Cyclosporin-resistant and -sensitive T-lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 3499915 TI - Cyclosporin as a probe for different modes of lymphocyte activation. PMID- 3499916 TI - Mechanism of cyclosporin action: in vitro studies. PMID- 3499918 TI - Epiglottitis in the elderly. PMID- 3499917 TI - Immunobiology of cyclosporin A, with particular reference to its effects on delayed hypersensitivity and regulatory T-cell functions. PMID- 3499919 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow images of single photon emission computed tomography by N-isopropyl-p-[I-123] iodoamphetamine in patients with brain tumor]. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) was studied by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using N-isopropyl-p-[I-123] iodoamphetamine (IMP) in order to evaluate CBF in patients with brain tumor. Total 27 studies were carried out in 20 patient, including 8 patients with meningioma, 3 with glioblastoma multiforme, 2 with oligoastrocytoma, and 7 with other intracranial tumors. All CBF images by IMP-SPECT were obtained by using a rotating gamma camera with dual heads. In the serial scans, each scan was started at 20 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours after intravenous injection of I-123 IMP (3 mCi). The all IMP-SPECT images were compared with cerebral angiogram, X-ray CT (plain and/or enhancement), and images of Kr-81 m SPECT and Tc-99 m SPECT. In 5 patients (4 patients with meningioma and 1 with glioblastoma multiforme) this comparative study was performed before and after surgery to evaluate the r-CBF changes surrounding tumor. The abnormal lesion on X-ray-CT was identified as hot area on CBF image by IMP-SPECT in two cases with meningioma, and in 14 cases the lesion showed cold area. Totally 80% of cases showed abnormal findings on CBF images by IMP-SPECT. The cases which showed no abnormal findings on IMP-SPECT images included 1 case with meningioma which located in frontal base, 2 with small intracranial brain tumor which was smaller than 2 cm in diameter, and 1 with pituitary adenoma. On the IMP-SPECT images scanned 2 hours after injection, hot area, which was identified in two cases with meningioma on the images 20 minutes after injection, was changed into cold area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499920 TI - Humoral, cellular, and hemodynamic changes induced by blood-material interaction in membrane plasmapheresis. PMID- 3499921 TI - Extracorporeal circulatory assist devices. PMID- 3499922 TI - PMN C5a-receptor down regulation is not involved in recovery from C5a-induced neutropenia. PMID- 3499923 TI - Physiologic role of enhanced fibrinolytic activity during cardiopulmonary bypass in open heart surgery. PMID- 3499924 TI - Electrophysiological action of bepridil on atrioventricular accessory pathways. AB - The electrophysiologic properties of bepridil, a calcium channel blocker with additional effects on fast response tissues, were investigated in 10 patients with atrioventricular accessory pathways. Seven patients had Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome, and three had concealed atrioventricular pre-excitation. A dose of 4 mg/kg was administered intravenously over five minutes. Bepridil increased the AH interval and the functional refractory period of the atrioventricular node. The effective refractory periods of the right atrium and right ventricle were also increased. Bepridil prolonged refractoriness in the accessory pathway both in the anterograde and retrograde direction. After bepridil administration it was impossible to induce reciprocating tachycardia electrically in two patients because of conduction block in the normal pathway. On the other hand, the zone of tachycardia was often increased after bepridil. Nevertheless, the heart rate during tachycardia was slowed by depression of conduction in both the normal and accessory pathways. The findings of this study provide a basis for the antiarrhythmic action of bepridil in patients with atrioventricular accessory pathways. PMID- 3499925 TI - A comparison of bepridil with amiodarone in the treatment of established atrial fibrillation. AB - Fourteen patients with established atrial fibrillation (longer than three months) that was refractory to treatment were studied to compare the clinical and electrophysiological effects of amiodarone and bepridil. All patients initially received bepridil for three weeks (200-600 mg/day), followed by amiodarone for two to three months (100-400 mg/day). Bepridil seemed to be slightly more effective than amiodarone in converting the fibrillation to sinus rhythm (nine of fourteen compared with four of ten). The ventricular response in atrial fibrillation was equally well controlled by bepridil and amiodarone, both at rest and during exercise. Bepridil was associated with the development of ventricular arrhythmias in eight of fourteen patients; two had torsade de pointes, which in one degenerated into fatal ventricular fibrillation. These arrhythmias seemed to be associated with bepridil induced prolongation of the QTc interval. No ventricular arrhythmias were seen during amiodarone treatment. Although bepridil seems to be an effective antiarrhythmic agent for the management of atrial fibrillation, its arrhythmogenic actions make it unsuitable for this purpose. PMID- 3499927 TI - Circulating B and T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with genital warts. PMID- 3499926 TI - Gallium-67 myocardial imaging for the detection of myocarditis in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome): the usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Myocardial imaging with gallium-67 citrate was used to detect myocarditis in 46 consecutive infants and children (31 boys and 15 girls, mean age 21 months) with Kawasaki disease. In all of them planar imaging (group A) was performed at 6 hours and at 48 or 72 hours after the intravenous administration of a mean (SD) dose of gallium-67 citrate (0.07 (0.02) mCi/kg). Thirty four patients (24 boys and 10 girls, mean age 21 months) also had single photon emission computed tomography imaging (group B) soon after planar imaging. The patients had been ill for from 5 days to 16 days (mean (SD) 10.5 (2.4) days in group A and 10.6 (3.0) days in group B). The colour images obtained at 48 or 72 hours were positive in 41% of group A and in 64% of group B. Among the patients with clinically suspected myocarditis, 63% in group A and 80% in group B had positive myocardial images. Single photon emission computed tomography imaging permitted the identification of tracer in the myocardium, the pericardium only, or in the heart chambers. Myocardial imaging with gallium-67 citrate, especially when used with single photon emission computed tomography imaging, is useful for the detection of myocarditis in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3499928 TI - Action of cotrimoxazole on head lice. PMID- 3499929 TI - Interleukin 1 or endotoxin increases the release of von Willebrand factor from human endothelial cells. AB - von Willebrand factor (vWF), a large adhesive glycoprotein, is synthesized by vascular endothelial cells (EC). Plasma levels of vWF manifest a broad normal range, and are elevated during sepsis and in inflammatory states. Since the inflammatory mediator, interleukin 1 (IL1) and bacterial endotoxin (LPS) both initiate procoagulant changes in vascular endothelium, we investigated the effect of these substances on endothelial cell release and residual endothelial cell content of vWF-antigen (vWFAg). Cultured human EC exposed to either IL1 or LPS released greater amounts of vWFAg compared to control EC. The augmented release could be detected within 1-2 h after exposure to IL1 or LPS and was not inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis was not required for release to occur. Residual cellular vWFAg was reciprocally lower in IL1- or LPS treated EC at 24 and 48 h, indicating that compensatory increase in synthesis of vWFAg did not occur during this time interval. Released vWF contained the higher molecular weight multimers observed in normal endothelial cells, and it possessed ristocetin cofactor activity. We propose that release of functional vWF from EC exposed to inflammatory mediators may be at a mechanism for localization of platelets and enhanced thrombogenicity at inflammatory foci. PMID- 3499930 TI - Spectrum and frequency of autoimmune derangements in lymphoproliferative disorders: analysis of 637 cases and comparison with myeloproliferative diseases. AB - The records of 637 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and 346 patients with myeloproliferative disorders were retrospectively analysed for the presence of additional autoimmune derangements. The frequency of autoimmune perturbations in lymphoproliferative diseases (51 cases; 8.0%) was significantly higher than in myeloproliferative diseases (six cases; 1.7%; P less than 0.0001). Rheumatic disorders, autoallergic haematological manifestations and other organ-specific autoimmune derangements were responsible for about one third each of the observed disturbances. Autoimmune diseases which preceded the onset of malignancy, occurred in lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders with a comparable frequency without significant differences between individual subgroups of lymphoproliferative diseases. In contrast, autoimmune complications developing in the course of the neoplastic disease were significantly more frequent in lymphoproliferative (4.9%) than in myeloproliferative disorders (0.3%; P less than 0.0005). Here marked differences were observed between individual lymphoma entities, the rate of concomitant autoimmune derangements ranging from zero to over 15%. With the exception of centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma which in no case was associated with secondary autoimmune complications, the proportion of patients with autoimmune perturbations increased with improving prognosis of the lymphoproliferative diseases. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the manifestation of autoimmune complications in malignant lymphomas are discussed. PMID- 3499931 TI - Comparison of rehabilitation outcome between patients with psychophysiologic disorders and organic diseases. AB - Two groups of patients with either psychophysiologic disorders or organic diseases were examined four weeks prior to an in-patient rehabilitation treatment, at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation, and six months thereafter. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing personality dimensions, physical complaints, hypochondriac behaviour, mood, disease concepts, living habits, and socio-economic as well as medical data. The groups were comparable according to a wealth of socio-economic and medical data but differed in extraversion, emotional lability, physical complaints, mood, disease concepts, and performance during ergometric exercise. Even before treatment there were changes in some variables between the examination at home and the examination at the onset of the treatment. Many short-term and long-term positive treatment effects could be observed but some adverse trends also emerged. Changes in personality dimensions, mood, and disease concepts revealed differential trends for both groups. The results are discussed in the context of the illness behaviour concept. PMID- 3499932 TI - Ophthalmic zoster: mucous plaque keratitis. AB - Data taken from 1221 patients attending the Zoster Clinic of Moorfields Eye Hospital over the past 15 years were used to characterise the clinical appearance and behaviour of zoster mucous plaque keratitis (MPK). The typical greyish branching plaques are usually accompanied by a limbitis, stromal keratitis, or decrease in corneal sensation and are commonly associated with cataract, raised intraocular pressure, or corneal ulceration. MPK may begin at any time within two years of onset of the rash, but when it appears after three months there are more complications. Usually MPK settles within one month if appropriate treatment with topical steroids and acetylcysteine drops is given, but surgical intervention is sometimes required to control glaucoma or neuroparalytic keratitis or to remove cataracts. The results of surgery are surprisingly good. PMID- 3499933 TI - Vitamin A deficiency in treated cystic fibrosis: case report. AB - We describe a patient with cystic fibrosis and hepatic involvement who, although on pancreatic extract, developed vitamin A deficiency, night blindness, and a characteristic fundus picture. All of these abnormalities were reversed by oral vitamin A supplementation. PMID- 3499934 TI - Nuclear overhauser effect studies on the conformation of magnesium adenosine 5' triphosphate bound to rabbit muscle creatine kinase. AB - Nuclear Overhauser effects were used to determine interproton distances on MgATP bound to rabbit muscle creatine kinase. The internuclear distances were used in a distance geometry program that objectively determines both the conformation of the bound MgATP and its uniqueness. Two classes of structures were found that satisfied the measured interproton distances. Both classes had the same anti glycosidic torsional angle (chi = 78 +/- 10 degrees) but differed in their ribose ring puckers (O1'-endo or C4'-exo). The uniqueness of the glycosidic torsional angle is consistent with the preference of creatine kinase for adenine nucleotides. One of these conformations of MgATP bound to creatine kinase is indistinguishable from the conformation found for Co(NH3)4ATP bound to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase, which also has a high specificity for adenine nucleotides [chi = 78 +/- 10 degrees, O1'-endo; Rosevear, P.R., Bramson, H.N., O'Brian, C., Kaiser, E.T., & Mildvan, A.S. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3439]. Distance geometry calculations also suggest that upper limit distances, when low enough (less than or equal to 3.4 A), can be used instead of measured distances to define, within experimental error, the glycosidic torsional angle of bound nucleotides. However, this approach does not permit an evaluation of the ribose ring pucker. PMID- 3499935 TI - Biosynthesis of 2'-deoxycoformycin: evidence for ring expansion of the adenine moiety of adenosine to a tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepine system. AB - 2'-Deoxycoformycin (2'-dCF), a nucleoside antitumor agent produced in trace quantities by Streptomyces antibioticus, has been shown in earlier work to originate from the intact carbon-nitrogen framework of adenosine. Additional experiments using 13C and two-dimensional Fourier transform NMR techniques, together with radiolabeling studies, identify the C-1 of D-ribose, and not the tetrahydrofolate "C-1 pool", as the source of the C-7 carbon in the aglycon of 2' dCF. These results show that the adenine portion of adenosine (or a nucleotide thereof) undergoes a unique ring expansion, by insertion of a -CH2- unit between the N-1 and C-6 of the adenine ring, to furnish the 1,3-diazepine portion of 2' dCF. PMID- 3499937 TI - Frog lens beta A1-crystallin: the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA and computer graphics modelling of the three-dimensional structure. AB - Four recombinant cDNA clones coding for a 23 kDa beta-crystallin polypeptide of the frog (Rana temporaria) were identified in a collection of cloned cDNA and two of them were sequenced. The cDNA present in these clones codes for a polypeptide 198 amino-acid residues in length, which appears to be the frog beta A1 crystallin because of its high homology with the sequences of beta A1-crystallins from other species. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence coding for the compact folded region of the protein is highly conserved. Virtually no homology was found in the 3' nontranslated regions of the mRNA. The amino-acid sequence of the Rana beta A1-crystallin was used to build a three-dimensional model based on the coordinates of the homologous bovine gamma II. An analysis of the model shows that the surface residues of the beta A1-crystallin (amphibian, mammalian and bird) are more highly conserved than the buried residues. It is suggested that this is related to the oligomeric nature of the lens beta-crystallins. PMID- 3499936 TI - Purification of mammalian histidyl-tRNA synthetase and its interaction with myositis-specific anti-Jo-1 antibodies. AB - Histidyl-tRNA synthetase is purified to near homogeneity from rat liver. The subunit molecular weight of histidyl-tRNA synthetase is 50,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The Stokes radius and the sedimentation coefficient of histidyl-tRNA synthetase are 38 A and 6.0 S, respectively. The native molecular weight of histidyl-tRNA synthetase is calculated to be 96,000 on the basis of its hydrodynamic properties. The purified histidyl-tRNA synthetase reacts with the myositis specific anti-Jo-1 antibodies. Anti-Jo-1 immunoglobulin G reacts with the native form of histidyl-tRNA synthetase and does not react or only weakly reacts with the denatured form. The anti-Jo-1 antibodies exhibit stronger inhibition toward histidyl-tRNA synthetase that has been preincubated with tRNA than that without preincubation. Anti-Jo-1 antibodies behave as a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to tRNA in the aminoacylation reaction catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The structural features of the antigen of the anti-Jo-1 antibodies in light of these results are discussed. PMID- 3499938 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency--a defect in secretion. AB - A naturally occurring point mutation in the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene leads to the synthesis of a variant of the protein which is poorly secreted from hepatocytes. This Z mutation codes for a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at residue 342 in the polypeptide chain. The mutant protein is correctly translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and core glycosylated but inefficiently transported beyond the ER compartment. Experiments using Xenopus oocytes as a surrogate secretory cell show that abberant secretion of the variant is not confined to hepatocytes and glycosylation of the polypeptide is not obligatory for the block in secretion. Site-directed mutagenesis can be used to examine the effect of natural mutations on protein structure and the relationship between structure and intracellular transport. PMID- 3499939 TI - [Cytostatic action of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages and nonadherent splenocytes studied by using monosaccharide inhibitors]. PMID- 3499940 TI - [Role of hydrophobic elements of the plasma membrane in the reaction of frog urinary bladder cells to antidiuretic hormones]. AB - The addition of 10 mg/ml triton X-100 to Ringer solution within the bladder near the serous membrane increases water permeability of the frog bladder wall. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml it gives no visible effect on the water and sodium permeability, but inhibits the effects of ADH, forskolin and cAMP. Changes in plasma membrane hydrophobic properties due to the addition of triton X-100 are reversible and ADH effect can be restored after the detergent is removed from the solution. The results obtained show that hydrophobic groups of the plasma membrane contribute to increased water permeability in response to ADH. PMID- 3499941 TI - [Effect of electroacupuncture on the activity of neurons in the central gray matter of the midbrain]. AB - The effect of electroacupuncture in locally-segment and general analgetic points on background impulse activity of central gray substance neurons and their activity caused by nociceptive stimulation of the dental pulp, infraorbital nerve and forearm skin surface was studied in acute experiments on cats. It has been established that general analgetic points are better represented in the central gray substance, as compared to locally-segment points. Different degree involvement of central gray substance in the realization of acupuncture analgetic effect in different points is postulated. The role of dorsal and ventral compartments of the central gray substance in acupunctural analgesia is discussed. PMID- 3499942 TI - [Biosynthesis of pregnancy-specific beta1-globulin in rats in an in vivo system]. AB - It has been demonstrated that pregnancy-specific beta1-globulin is synthesized by the rat placenta. Other organs of pregnant animals (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, spleen) were incapable of synthesizing this antigen. The greatest amount of pregnancy-specific beta1-globulin is observed in the blood of intact animals on the 11th day after the introduction of ground placental tissue. PMID- 3499943 TI - [Effect of strophanthin and digoxin on the activity of an experimental epileptogenic focus in the frog hippocampus]. AB - It has been shown on frogs with epileptogenic focus induced by the injection of penicillin (1000 U in 0.4 ml) into the hippocamp that preinjection (or injection on the background of the functioning epileptogenic focus) of strophanthin (1.8 and 0.18 microgram/g) or digoxin (1.2 micrograms/g) into spinal lymphaticus sac led to a sharp increase in interparoxysmal epileptiform discharges and electrographic correlates of fits on the ECG. The influence of cardiac glycosides upon the epileptized cerebral neurons is thought to be associated with the capacity of these drugs to inhibit Na+, K+-ATPase of neurons and their axons resulting in the disturbance of cerebral mediator activity. PMID- 3499944 TI - Granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow differ in their response to prostaglandin E1. AB - Prostaglandins of the E series (PGE) inhibit proliferation of normal bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM). Circulating CFU-GM are known to differ from marrow CFU-GM in many characteristics, and in the present study, we compared the effect of PGE1 on circulating and bone marrow progenitors in normals and in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). PGE1 caused a dose dependent inhibition of normal marrow CFU-GM. Circulating CFU-GM were inhibited only at concentrations of 10(-5) mol/L or greater, and progenitor proliferation was, in fact, significantly stimulated at PGE1 concentrations between 10(-8) and 10(-6) mol/L. Bone marrow CFU-GM from patients with CML were inhibited in a manner similar to that of normal bone marrow. Circulating cells from patients with CML were, however, less sensitive to PGE1 inhibition than CML bone marrow cells and demonstrated a pattern intermediate between normal circulating and normal marrow progenitors. These studies suggest that peripheral blood and bone marrow contain different progenitor cell populations. PMID- 3499945 TI - tdic(9;12): a nonrandom chromosome abnormality in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. AB - In a review of 432 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we identified a new nonrandom translocation, tdic(9;12)(p1?1;p1?2), in the leukemic marrow cells of eight patients. Seven had hypodiploid karyotypes that lacked chromosomes 9 and 12 and contained a der(12), tdic(9;12); the eighth had a pseudodiploid karyotype with two normal 9 chromosomes, one normal 12 and the der(12), tdic(9;12). Abnormalities involving chromosomes other than 9 and 12 were noted in four of the eight patients. All cells with the tdic(9;12) expressed both the common ALL antigen and HLA-DR. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, a marker of pre-B ALL, was detected in one case with the tdic(9;12) but was absent in the other seven. Our results suggest that the tdic(9;12)(p1?1;p1?2) rearrangement is specifically associated with leukemic B cell precursors. PMID- 3499946 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation with clinical stage. AB - Several authors have studied the T-lymphocyte subpopulations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), but previous studies were performed after preceding enrichment procedures, which are known to cause selective losses of certain subpopulations. To correct for this deficiency we used flow cytometric analysis, which enabled us to measure subpopulations directly on total blood samples. We studied T-lymphocyte subsets with OKT monoclonal antibodies in 45 patients with B CLL. Serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were assayed simultaneously and findings were correlated with clinical stage (Rai classification). The absolute number of CD4-positive cells decreased in more advanced Rai stages, while the absolute number of CD8-positive cells increased, resulting in a progressive reduction in CD4/8 ratio. Results from patients in stages with equal prognosis (Rai I and II, Rai III and IV) were similar and when these results were grouped the observed differences were highly significant and clearly correlated with all prognostic groups. PMID- 3499947 TI - Colony-stimulating factors. PMID- 3499948 TI - Abnormal auditory brain-stem responses in hallucinating schizophrenic patients. AB - Abnormal auditory brain-stem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 10 out of 20 schizophrenic in-patients. The response abnormalities did not show any correlation to the degree of psychopathology, sub-group of schizophrenia, age, sex, or cerebral ventricular enlargement. Nor was there any correlation to previous neuroleptic treatment: a pathological ABR was recorded in 5 of the 8 patients who had never received such medication. A statistically significant relationship was found between ABR pathology and auditory hallucinations: 9 of the 11 patients who admitted having hallucinations exhibited brain-stem response abnormality, whereas ABR abnormality was recorded in only 1 of the 9 patients who denied having hallucinations. The data imply that brain-stem dysfunction is involved in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, and that interference with the auditory pathways in the brain-stem may induce auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 3499949 TI - Aphasia and neglect after subcortical stroke. A clinical/cerebral perfusion correlation study. AB - Sixteen patients with unilateral subcortical haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke, confirmed by CT, were evaluated for the presence of aphasia and neglect. Compared with patients without neuropsychological deficits, left brain-damaged aphasic and right brain-damaged neglect patients showed a significantly greater reduction of cortical perfusion on N,N,N1-trimethyl-N1-(2)-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(I-123) iodobenzyl-1,3-propanediamine 2 HCl I-123 (HIPDM) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). These results suggest that major cortical derangement is the crucial factor for the appearance of aphasia or neglect after a subcortical stroke. These remote effects, which are related to the size of the subcortical lesion, are interpreted in terms of interruption of neural connections (diaschisis). PMID- 3499950 TI - Inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release in brain microsomes. AB - The effects of different ionic media on Ca2+ uptake and release in isolated brain microsomes were investigated. KCl (100 mM) provided the best medium for Ca2+ uptake in the presence of ATP. The effect of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) on Ca2+ release was examined and was maximum at 0.2 microM. IP3-induced Ca2+ release was dependent on extramicrosomal free Ca2+ concentration with maximal release at 5.0 microM free Ca2+. Replacement of KCl by sucrose or NaCl did not show any response to IP3. Electron microscopy showed that the microsomal fraction consisted of characteristic endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicular profiles and were free of mitochondria or plasma membrane contamination. Our results support the concept that the endoplasmic reticulum is the target for IP-3 induced mobilization of Ca2+ in the cell. PMID- 3499951 TI - Permeability of endoneurial capillaries to K, Na and Cl and its relation to peripheral nerve excitability. AB - The permeability coefficient-surface area products (PA) of frog sciatic nerve endoneurial capillaries to K, Na and Cl were measured with an in situ perfusion technique and found to be 40.3, 24.6 and 32.8 X 10(-5) ml . g-1 . s-1, respectively. PAs to [14C]sucrose and 42K, when measured simultaneously, and their ratio were independent of perfusate K concentration (0.1-10.0 mM). Simultaneous measurements with 36Cl and 42K indicated that the Cl/K permeability ratio was significantly smaller than the mobility ratio of these two ions in free solution. On the other hand, comparable experiments with 22Na and 42K revealed that the K/Na permeability ratio was not significantly different from its respective mobility ratio. Thus, these results provide no evidence of facilitated transport of K by endoneurial capillaries, and suggest that K, Na and Cl traverse the endoneurial capillary wall by a paracellular route which is weakly selective for cations. The minimum extracellular K concentration (Ke) capable of producing a depolarization conduction block in frog sciatic nerve was between 12.5 and 15.0 mM. When the vasculature of this nerve was perfused with a hyperkalaemic (20.0 mM) Ringer solution, a conduction block developed in 7.9 min. Comparison of this time with the theoretically predicted rate of change of endoneurial Ke (induced by a comparable change of intravascular K concentration) indicated that an increase of endoneurial Ke is transmitted directly to the paranodal spaces of nerve fibres so as to immediately influence axonal excitability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3499952 TI - Behavioral and biochemical studies in monkeys made hemiparkinsonian by MPTP. AB - Monkeys were required to press a lever rapidly for food, using either the right or the left hand. After stable baseline performance was established, MPTP (N methyl-4-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyridine) was injected into the internal carotid of one side via a transfemoral catheter. The onset and time course of clinically severe, Parkinson-like symptoms were paralleled by a significant decrease of bar-pressing activity in the side contralateral to injection, while the forelimb in the unaffected side continued normal pressing. The unilaterality of effects was confirmed biochemically after sacrifice by a 95% drop in striatal dopamine (DA) levels of the injected compared to the uninjected hemisphere. The results show that hemiparkinsonism achieved by carotid injection is very stable; that normal motor behavior is maintained on the unaffected side and that goal achieving strategies remain active, but that the affected side is unable to execute the task unless extrinsic levodopa is provided. PMID- 3499953 TI - Complement depletion suppresses Lewis rat experimental allergic neuritis. AB - Lewis rats immunized with myelin and complete Freund's adjuvant were treated with cobra venom factor (CVF) which depletes the C3 component of complement. CVF given at day 9 delayed the onset of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) by 2-3 days and when given at days 9 and 12 delayed the onset of EAN by 4-5 days. Lumbar nerve roots of CVF-treated rats had significantly less demyelination than those from control EAN rats. PMID- 3499954 TI - Synaptic reorganization in the medial amygdaloid nucleus after lesion of the accessory olfactory bulb of adult rat. II. New synapse formation in the medial amygdaloid nucleus by fibers from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. AB - The rearrangement of terminations from the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST) was examined in the medial amygdaloid nucleus (MAN) at 2 months following the lesion of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) using an electron microscopy and degeneration study. At 2 days following a BST lesion, the number of degenerating synapses was 0.7 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- S.E.M.) per unit area (2500 microns2) in the molecular layer, and 3.0 +/- 0.3 in the cellular part. At 2 months after an AOB lesion, the degenerating synapses from the AOB had completely disappeared from the MAN. The BST was then lesioned at 2 months after the AOB lesion and, at 2 days following this BST lesion, the degenerating synapses were counted in MAN. The numbers observed were 3.3 +/- 0.6 per unit area in the molecular layer and 4.5 +/- 0.4 in the cellular part. Therefore, the number of these degenerating synapses increased significantly within the molecular layer, though, in the cellular part the number of synapses was not significantly elevated over control. No differences in postsynaptic profiles (ratio of synapses on dendritic spine to dendritic shaft) were observed after the AOB lesion. These results indicate that the BST fibers formed new synapses in the molecular layer following the denervation of AOB fibers. The possibility of new synapse formation by other afferent fibers in addition to the AOB fibers is discussed as is the relationship between lesion induced synaptic reorganization and functional recovery after injury. PMID- 3499955 TI - Percutaneous stimulation of human corticospinal tract: a single-fibre EMG study of individual motor unit responses. AB - The technique of electrical stimulation of the brain through intact scalp was applied to activate the corticospinal tract (CST) of healthy human volunteers. Single motoneurone responses were picked up by a special (single fibre EMG) needle electrode. Our finding of relatively small latency variation of consecutive single motor unit responses seems to support the concept of predominantly monosynaptic transmission at the spinal level. The alternation between several discrete latencies seems to reflect a complexly shaped spinal motoneurone excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), which could be due to either alternating direct/indirect (via other cerebral neurones) activation of the corticospinal tract (CST) neurones, or alternating mono- or oligosynaptic transmission at the spinal level, or multiple CST impulses in response to a single stimulus. PMID- 3499956 TI - Metabolism and binding of androgens in the spinal cord of the rat. AB - The binding of [3H]androgens and estrogens, and the metabolism of [3H]androgens, were studied in the spinal cord of the adult rat. High-affinity, specific binding sites for [3H]testosterone and [3H]estradiol were detected in cytosol fractions from the spinal cords of castrate animals. Equilibrium dissociation constants for reaction of these sites with their respective ligands were similar to those of androgen and estrogen receptors from other regions of the central nervous system. Nuclear binding of [3H]estradiol was observed in the spinal cord 1 h after intravenous administration of the isotope. Likewise, exchange assay demonstrated the presence of high-affinity androgen binding sites in spinal cord nuclei from orchidectomized, testosterone propionate treated animals. 5 alpha-Reductase activity in homogenates of the spinal cord was relatively high, approximately 3 times that in the pooled hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum and amygdala. However, in contrast to the latter brain regions, estrogen formation was not detectable in spinal cord tissue. No sex differences were observed in the metabolism of [3H]testosterone by spinal cord homogenates. These results confirm the presence of androgen and estrogen receptors in the rat spinal cord. The lack of detectable aromatase activity in the spinal cord is consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of circulating testosterone on spinal reflex function are mediated primarily through the androgen receptor system. PMID- 3499957 TI - Distribution of nicotinic binding sites with respect to CRF and neurophysin immunoreactive perikarya within the rat hypothalamus. AB - These studies determined the differential autoradiographic distribution of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin versus [3H]nicotine relative to the histochemically defined perikarya for neurophysin and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Specific [3H]nicotine binding sites occurred in relatively greater density within the neuropil surrounding PVN and SON compared to within the nuclei. In contrast, the highest density of [125I]alpha-BTX sites codistributed with neurophysin immunoreactive perikarya within these nuclei. PMID- 3499958 TI - Autoradiographic distribution of binding sites of [3H]SKF 38393, a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist, in the mouse forebrain. AB - Distribution of binding sites of [3H]SKF 38393, a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist, was studied on forebrain coronal sections of CXBI/ByJ mice by radioligand binding and digital subtraction autoradiography. Highest levels of [3H]SKF 38393 binding were detected in olfactory tubercle and caudate nucleus/putamen. Intermediate to low concentrations of receptors were indicated in cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, claustrum, and septal area, whereas the lowest binding was found in white matter tracts (commissura anterior, corpus callosum). Analysis of data on caudate nucleus/putamen indicates a striosomal pattern of binding with a gradient of binding sites from medial to lateral caudate/putamen. The distribution of [3H]SKF 38393 binding sites corresponds to that of dopaminergic projection fields in the studied areas. PMID- 3499959 TI - MPTP produces a mosaic-like pattern of terminal degeneration in the caudate nucleus of dog. AB - This paper describes the spatial pattern of terminal degeneration in the caudate nucleus and putamen of the dog following an injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Marked inhomogeneities in the filed of terminal degeneration were found in the head of the caudate nucleus, which are reminiscent of the fundamental patch/matrix organization of the striatum. Using MPTP as a selective lesioning method, our results provide further evidence that the dopaminergic, nigrostriatal projection has a heterogeneous organization. PMID- 3499960 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induces bursts of calcium release inside Limulus ventral photoreceptors. AB - Injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) into dark-adapted Limulus ventral photoreceptors produces a series of discrete bursts of membrane depolarization. Prior injection of aequorin, a luminescent calcium indicator, reveals that the bursts of depolarization are accompanied by individual bursts of intracellular calcium elevation with a similar time course. Reduction of extracellular calcium increased rather than decreased the InsP3-induced rise in calcium. These results suggest that small numbers of InsP3 molecules can trigger discrete and rapid releases of large amounts of calcium from intracellular stores. In some cells, InsP3 injection induces a delayed and prolonged elevation of intracellular calcium in addition to the brief bursts. PMID- 3499961 TI - The neural generators of the vestibular evoked response. AB - A new method for the induction and recording of a short-latency vestibular evoked response (VsER) to intense acceleration impulses with skin electrodes was studied in cats. The first two waves, P1 and P2, had latencies of 2.5 and 3.5 ms, respectively, and coincided with the recorded gross neural activity in the vestibular nerve and nuclei, respectively. Single second-order vestibular neurons with low and irregular activity responded to the same acceleration impulses with a latency as short as 3.5 ms. PMID- 3499962 TI - Latency of gustatory neural impulses initiated in frog tongue. AB - Latencies of gustatory neural impulses evoked by stimulation of the bullfrog tongue with the 4 basic taste substances (NaCl, acetic acid, quinine-HCl(Q-HCl), sucrose), CaCl2 and water were studied by recording antidromic impulses conducted to the fungiform papillae. Mean latencies of the impulses ranged from 58 to 107 ms when very strong stimuli, such as 2 M NaCl, 0.1 M acetic acid, 0.1 M Q-HCl, 2 M sucrose and 1 M CaCl2, were applied. Mean latency in response to water was 2.41 s. The time required for arrival of an applied taste stimulus on the taste receptor membrane was a mean of 20.1 ms. The time required for antidromic conduction from the impulse initiation site to the recording site was a mean of 2.4 ms. Electrical stimulation of the fungiform papilla with a strong intensity produced the impulse with a long and fluctuating latency. The mean minimum latency of the fluctuating impulse, from which the conduction time was subtracted, was 5.3 ms. Mechanical destruction of the taste disk situated at the top of the fungiform papilla resulted in a disappearance of the fluctuating impulse, suggesting that this was initiated synaptically via a depolarization of taste cells by electrical current. The minimum 5.3-ms latency was likely to be the time required from the onset of taste cell depolarization to the initiation of an impulse at the first node of Ranvier of myelinated gustatory fiber. These results indicate that the latencies of 58-107 ms by strong taste stimulation were composed of the 30- to 79-ms latency of taste cell receptor potential and the remaining 28 ms latency, which was the sum of the time of stimulant diffusion, the time from taste cell depolarization to the first impulse and the time of impulse conduction. PMID- 3499963 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of LANT-6-like immunoreactivity within neurons in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers in vertebrate retinas. AB - LANT-6 is a hexapeptide (H-Lys-Asn-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH) isolated from chicken small intestine, which resembles the COOH-terminal half of neurotensin, except for the amino acid substitutions Lys/Arg and Asn/Arg. The present report concerns the immunocytochemical staining of vertebrate retinas using an antiserum directed against LANT-6. In the retinas from goldfish, bird and turtle, cells in both the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers were labeled, but in the frog no cells were labeled specifically and in the rat only cells in the ganglion cell layer were labeled. Labeled cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer gave rise to processes which were seen primarily within the following laminas of the inner plexiform layer (IPL): in the goldfish, lamina 3; chicken, laminae 1, 3 and 4; and turtle, laminae 3, 4 and 5. The cell bodies of the labeled neurons in the ganglion cell layer gave rise to dendrites which entered the IPL and axons which descended to the optic fiber layer. The cells with LANT-6-like immunoreactivity were distributed in both the central and peripheral parts of the retina in all the species examined except frog. Measured by radioimmunoassays, the levels of LANT-6-like-immunoreactivity in extracts of turtle, chicken, and goldfish retinas were 5-30 times those for neurotensin-like immunoreactivity, however no LANT-6 like immunoreactivity was detected in frog. Multiple chromatographic analyses indicated that while the LANT-6-like immunoreactivity in chicken retina was indistinguishable from synthetic LANT-6, LANT-6-like immunoreactivity in turtle and goldfish retinas was primarily associated with large molecular forms. Treatment of turtle LANT-6-like immunoreactivity with pepsin, an enzyme known to mimic processing for neurotensin precursors, yielded 3 major peptides, one of which co-chromatographed with synthetic LANT-6. The present immunocytochemical localization of LLI within cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers, coupled with the biochemical characterization of LANT-6 in the vertebrate retinas and brains, suggests that neuropeptides such as LANT-6 may play a role in visual processing both within the retina and within the visual pathways to the brain. PMID- 3499964 TI - Testosterone-induced plasticity of synaptic inputs to adult mammalian motoneurons. AB - The effects of testosterone administration on penile reflexes, and on the motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus which innervate perineal muscles involved in these reflexes, were investigated in castrated male rats. Penile reflexes were restored following 48 h of testosterone administration initiated 6 weeks after castration. The amount of synaptic input to the identified motoneurons was increased following short term testosterone treatment, compared to that seen in animals receiving no testosterone, albeit to a lesser extent than that seen in animals receiving long term testosterone treatment. This increase in synaptic inputs in the short term testosterone group occurred despite the lack of an increase in somatic area. Thus, plasticity of the synaptic input to these neurons, as well as recovery of penile reflexes, occurred as a result of alterations in the hormonal state of the animal, and such changes occurred relatively rapidly. PMID- 3499965 TI - Preventing regeneration of infraorbital axons does not alter the ganglionic or transganglionic consequences of neonatal transection of this trigeminal branch. AB - Retrograde and transganglionic tracing with a combination of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA)-conjugated HRP (WGA-HRP) was employed to determine whether transection of the infraorbital (IO) nerve on the day of birth and prevention of regeneration by retransecting it at weekly intervals until the time of a terminal anatomical experiment had effects upon ganglion cell survival and innervation of the brainstem by this trigeminal (V) branch that differed from those which followed a single transection of the same nerve on the day of birth without any attempt to prevent peripheral regeneration of the cut axons. Counts of labelled ganglion cells and examination of the brainstem labelling produced by application of HRP and WGA-HRP to the IO nerve proximal to the point of transection(s) at 6 weeks of age demonstrated no differential effects of preventing regeneration of the cut nerve. In animals subjected to a single transection of the nerve (n = 9), we counted an average of 5001.2 (S.D. = 1286.9) labelled ganglion cells and these had an average diameter of 22.7 micron (S.D. = 6.3). In the rats (n = 9) that sustained multiple nerve cuts, the average number of labelled ganglion cells was 4447.8 (S.D. = 1060.9). The mean diameter for these primary afferent neurons was 21.5 micron (S.D. = 6.6). Neither of these values were significantly different from those from the rats subjected to a single nerve cut. The cell counts from both of these groups were significantly lower than those obtained after application of HRP and WGA-HRP to the IO nerve in normal rats (n = 3, X = 12,553.3, S.D. = 1454.8), but the average cell diameter in the normals (X = 23.2, S.D. = 6.6) was not significantly greater than that in the nerve-damaged animals. The pattern of brainstem labelling observed in the rats subjected to multiple nerve cuts was the same as that in the rats which sustained a single transection of the IO nerve on the day of birth. Very little terminal labelling was observed in nucleus principalis, subnucleus oralis, subnucleus interpolaris or the magnocellular portion of caudalis. There was, however, very heavy labelling in laminae I and II of the latter nucleus. PMID- 3499966 TI - [Halothane. An alternative: intravenous agents]. PMID- 3499967 TI - The use of the MPTP-treated mouse as an animal model of parkinsonism. AB - The MPTP-treated mouse has proven to be a valuable model of parkinsonism. For example, C57 black mice treated with MPTP exhibit a large decrement in the neostriatal content of dopamine and its metabolites, a marked reduction in the capacity of neostriatal synaptosomal preparations to accumulate [3H]dopamine, a large decrease in neostriatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, a marked loss of nerve cells in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra, and pronounced behavioral deficits. These biochemical, pathological and behavioral deficits are similarly observed in MPTP-treated primates and in humans with idiopathic parkinsonism. A great deal of our current knowledge concerning MPTP has come from experimentation carried out in the mouse. PMID- 3499968 TI - Reed-Sternberg cells and their cell microenvironment in Hodgkin's disease with reference to macrophage-histiocytes and interdigitating reticulum cells. AB - Fifty-eight paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease (36 nodular sclerosis, 14 mixed cellularity, five lymphocyte depletion, and three lymphocyte predominance) were immunostained with a panel of monoclonal (anti-Leu-M1, antileukocyte common antigen) and polyclonal (to lysozyme, alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein) antibodies by using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Both the immunostaining features of the Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells and their variants, and the numbers of immunostained accompanying cells morphologically corresponding to macrophage-histiocytes (M-H) and to interdigitating reticulum cells (IRC) were analyzed. Variable numbers of R S cells and their variants were positive for Leu-M1 in 83% of the cases, for alpha 1-antitrypsin in 40%, for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in 30%, and for leukocyte common antigen in 3.4%; they were constantly negative for lysozyme and S-100 protein. Whereas the average numbers of accompanying cells immunostained for Leu-M1 were very low, the numbers of S-100-positive IRC were relatively high in all the Hodgkin's subtypes. The average numbers of M-H were lower (P less than 0.1 for lysozyme; P less than 0.001 for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) in the nodular sclerosis than in the other pooled subtypes. In the nodular sclerosis subtype, however, R-S cells and their variants that stained positive for Leu-M1 appeared to express more frequently the lineage markers of M-H (alpha 1-antitrypsin and/or alpha 1-antichymotrypsin). These data appear to suggest that there is not an apparent qualitative correspondence between the immunostaining features of the cellular microenvironment composed of M-H and IRC and the features of the R-S cells. PMID- 3499969 TI - Glucose utilization in vivo by human pulmonary neoplasms. AB - Neoplastic tissue in general shows a high rate of glucose consumption under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Using positron emission tomography (PET) we measured the rate of uptake of the glucose analogue 18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG) in 12 patients with carcinoma of the lung. The tumor types were six squamous cell, two large cell, two oat cell, one adenocarcinoma, and one undifferentiated carcinoma. In each patient a transaxial plane was selected that contained the bulk of the tumor tissue. Regional density and blood volume were measured. Following the intravenous injection of 18FDG, the rates of uptake in the tumor and normal lung tissue were assessed from sequential scans over 1 hour. In each patient the rate of uptake of 18FDG in the tumor tissue was significantly increased relative to normal lung tissue. For the group the rate of uptake by the tumor was 211.4 +/- 69.4 ml/100 g/hr (mean +/- SD) compared to 31.9 +/- 13.2 in the contralateral lung (P less than 0.05). The tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 6.6 (range, 2.7 to 14.6) was higher than previously reported ratios for brain and liver tumors. In contrast to brain tumors there was little correlation between tumor type and rate of 18FDG uptake. Measurements of glucose metabolism taken in vivo in human pulmonary tumors may lead to advances in screening, staging, and therapy. PMID- 3499970 TI - Natural killer cells in children with acute leukemia. The effect of interleukin 2. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the number and activity of natural killer (NK) cells in children with acute leukemia at different stages of their disease; and (2) the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in enhancing NK activity of these patients' cells. The mean percentage of Leu 11+ NK cells in patients at diagnosis (5% of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells) was significantly lower than for patients on maintenance (23%), post-treatment (21%) and for normal children (20%). The mean PB NK cell cytotoxicity for patients at diagnosis (16% lysis versus K562) and during maintenance (20%) was significantly lower than for post-treatment (41%) and normal controls (40%). After NK cells were incubated for 5 days with IL-2, NK cells from 82% (36/44) of patients showed enhanced cytotoxicity toward K562 and several acute leukemia cell lines as well as toward autologous leukemic cells. Cytotoxicity toward autologous cells was very low (0% to 5%, 16 hour assay) before IL-2 stimulation, and significantly increased (23% to 69%) after stimulation, suggesting that IL-2 may be a useful agent for enhancing the antileukemic immune response. PMID- 3499971 TI - Leu-7 in small cell neoplasms. An immunohistochemical study with ultrastructural correlations. AB - In an effort to delineate the distribution of the Leu-7 antigen in small cell neoplasms, 283 paraffin-embedded examples of such tumors were studied immunohistochemically. These included 125 malignant lymphomas, 94 neuroendocrine carcinomas, 13 adenocarcinomas, 14 squamous carcinomas, four malignant melanomas, six neuroblastomas, four nephroblastomas (Wilms' tumors), six primitive neuroectodermal neoplasms, three "Askin" tumors, ten Ewing's sarcomas, and four embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Histologic diagnoses were verified by the use of electron microscopic study or independent immunostains. Overall, 44% of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas expressed Leu-7, whereas nonendocrine carcinomas were uniformly nonreactive for this determinant. All neuroblastomas yielded immunopositivity, as did three primitive neuroectodermal tumors, three rhabdomyosarcomas, two "Askin" tumors, one nephroblastoma, one Ewing's sarcoma, and one malignant melanoma. None of the small cell lymphomas were Leu-7 positive. These results suggest that Leu-7 is a specific neuroendocrine marker in cases of small cell carcinoma, but its sensitivity is lower than that of other "endocrine" determinants. Reactivity patterns for Leu-7 in other small cell tumors demonstrate no specificity for any given line of cellular differentiation. However, the shared expression of this antigen by neuroblastomas, neuroectodermal tumors, Ewing's sarcomas, and Wilm's tumors contributes further to the hypothesis that these neoplasms may be related histogenetically. PMID- 3499972 TI - Quantitative differences in the effects of mouse and human epidermal growth factors on A431 human tumor cells. AB - Human and mouse epidermal growth factor (hEGF; mEGF) bind to the same two classes of receptor sites on cell membranes prepared from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. However, the affinities of mEGF for the low affinity receptors (K(d) 3.5 X 10-9 M) and high affinity receptors (K(d) 2.7 X 10-10 M) are lower than those of hEGF (K(d) 1.2 X 10-9 M and 1.9 X 10-10 M respectively). In consequence, artefactually high results are obtained when mEGF is used for radioreceptor assays of EGF-like proteins in human biological fluids. Both species of EGF stimulated A431 cell growth at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations; however, hEGF enhanced cell growth over a wider concentration range (up to 1.6 nM), and had a higher maximal stimulating effect (38% vs. 25%). PMID- 3499973 TI - Trophoblast cell line conditioned medium for in vitro culture and antigenic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia clonogenic cells. AB - The colony-stimulating factor-containing supernatant of the human trophoblast cell line TPA-30-1 was used to stimulate in vitro growth of acute myeloid leukemia clonogenic cells from 54 patients. Prevalent colony growth (10-greater than 1000) was observed in 63% of cases. In 31% clusters and a few colonies (1 9/1 x 10(5) plated cells) were scored. Neither colonies nor clusters could be detected in the remaining 6%. The best growth was observed in subtype M5 (8 of 9 cases, 89%). Morphological examination and recloning tests suggested that the colonies originated from leukemic progenitors. TPA-30-1 supernatant stimulation can therefore be compared with that of phytohemagglutinin or phytohemagglutinin leukocyte-conditioned medium. In addition it does not require T-lymphocyte removal and batch screening. Extension of the culture for antigenic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia clonogenic cells to more patients than in a previous study confirmed the existence of a subgroup (39%) of patients whose acute myeloid leukemia clonogenic cells constantly expressed late myeloid differentiation antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibody S4-7. Since S4-7 spares early normal hemopoietic progenitors, this subgroup (54% M2) can be considered as candidates for autologous bone marrow transplantation after in vitro purging with S4-7 monoclonal antibody and complement. PMID- 3499974 TI - Production of interleukin 1 alpha-like factor and colony-stimulating factor by a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (T3M-5) derived from a patient with hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. AB - In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia and leukocytosis in a 71-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid, bone resorbing activity (BRA) and colony-stimulating activity in the conditioned medium of T3M-5 cells, a clonal cell line established from the tumor, were studied. Gel chromatography of the concentrated conditioned medium revealed respective single peaks of colony-stimulating activity (Mr approximately 27,000) and BRA (Mr 15,000-20,000). BRA did not elicit parathyroid-hormone-like activity but greatly enhanced phytohemagglutinin-induced thymocyte proliferation. This interleukin 1 (IL-1)-like activity exactly coeluted with BRA upon gel chromatography, DEAE-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing (pI, 4.7-5.2). BRA was partially inhibited by indomethacin and hydrocortisone, and completely inhibited by anti-IL-1 alpha antiserum, whereas anti-IL-1 beta antiserum had no effect. Furthermore, transplantation of T3M-5 cells into nude mice caused marked hypercalcemia as well as leukocytosis. These findings suggested that excessive production of colony-stimulating factor and IL 1 alpha-like factor by the squamous cell carcinoma was responsible for leukocytosis and hypercalcemia, respectively, in the tumor-bearing nude mice and in the patient. Since several similar cases have been reported in Japan, the syndrome of leukocytosis and hypercalcemia associated with certain solid tumors may constitute a new paraneoplastic syndrome. PMID- 3499975 TI - Hydroxyurea-induced cell death as related to cell cycle in mouse and human T lymphoma cells. AB - The association between DNA precursor synthesis, cell cycle perturbations, and cell death caused by the anticancer drug hydroxyurea was investigated in mouse and human T-lymphoma cells. Hydroxyurea inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, leading to decreased deoxyribo nucleoside triphosphate pools and an accumulation of cells in early S-phase of the cell cycle. We wished to clarify the mechanism of cell death caused by hydroxyurea in concentrations that can be obtained therapeutically. At a 60-microM concentration of the drug, giving 25% growth inhibition during 24 h, no increase in the number of dead cells was observed as determined by cell flow calculations and density gradient centrifugation. However, the removal of hydroxyurea led to 10-30% cell loss during the following 12-h period. In parallel, there was an increase in DNA precursor levels and a rapid progression of cells through S- and G2 phases of the cell cycle. The isolated dead cells showed no overrepresentation of any cell cycle phase. The results demonstrate that, although the toxic effects of low concentrations of hydroxyurea are minimal, the drug-induced unbalanced growth state can cause substantial cell death during a posttreatment period. PMID- 3499976 TI - Dynamics of generation of antigen loss variants from L1210 murine leukemia clones detected by a tumor-specific T-cell clone. AB - Originally T-cell clone K7L-sensitive L1210 murine leukemia clones were tested for their capacity to generate K7L-insensitive variants at various times after cloning. All of the L1210 clones (L1210/1, -2, -4, and -7) maintained in vitro for 1 month were severely inhibited in their growth in the culture in which K7L was added and in mice given injections of K7L at the initial stage. This indicated that any L1210 clone tested was not a mixture of K7L-sensitive and K7L insensitive clones at the time of cloning. By both in vivo and in vitro K7L mediated tumor suppression assays, K7L-insensitive antigen loss variants were then found to be generated from some (L1210/4, L1210/7) but not other (L1210/1, L1210/2) originally K7L-sensitive L1210 clones during 1 month of maintenance. Ratios of variant cells to total clone cells 1 month after cloning were estimated around 0.1% for L1210/7, 0.01% for L1210/4, and less than 0.001% (undetectable) for L1210/1 and L1210/2. Neither L1210/1 nor L1210/2 generated detectable K7L insensitive variant cells during long-term (14-month) maintenance. All of the ten subclones of L1210/7 which were obtained 7 or 11 months after the initial cloning of L1210/7 were K7L sensitive, and not all the subclones generated K7L insensitive variants in 1-2 months of maintenance after recloning. However, all of the subclones of L1210/7 which were maintained for 7 months generated antigen loss variants. All eight clone cells obtained from original L1210 and K7L insensitive L1210 expressed H-2Kd and H-2Dd antigens detected by H-2Kd or Dd specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones or monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that the antigen loss variants arise in originally K7L-sensitive L1210 clones at different times after cloning, and the probability of generation of the variants is clonally determined. The antigen loss variants seem to be generated by rare (once per 1 to 2 months or less frequent) chance with unproportionally rapid growth rather than by more frequent development for simple accumulation. The ratio of K7L-insensitive variant cells to total L1210/7 cells did not increase progressively during long-term (13 months or more) maintenance in vivo or in vitro and was always below 0.1%. It was suggested that the population size of antigen loss variants was controlled biphasically. PMID- 3499977 TI - Inhibition of proliferation of normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic rat hepatocytes by transforming growth factor-beta. AB - The influences of purified transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on proliferation of normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic rat hepatocytes were examined in primary monolayer culture with or without prior stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Hepatocytes from normal livers or discrete preneoplastic nodules or carcinomas generated in F344 rats by the Solt-Farber model were isolated and cultured in serum-free modified Williams' E. medium for up to 72 h. Proliferation was quantified by labeling index by [3H]thymidine autoradiography. The majority of normal hepatocytes became labeled in response to EGF (20 ng/ml) between 24 and 72 h. TGF-beta had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect which was virtually complete at concentrations above 0.5 ng/ml added at 0 h together with EGF. Hepatocytes from all nodule and carcinoma populations were less stimulated by EGF but also strongly inhibited by TGF-beta. Hepatocytes isolated from normal livers 24 h after partial hepatectomy were similarly inhibited by TGF-beta. The minimal initial exposure period for TGF-beta to maximally inhibit was 2 h. TGF-beta added at various times between 8 and 48 h after EGF partially inhibited the labeling index to levels that were constant but substantially greater than the labeling index at the time TGF-beta was added. A proportion of hepatocytes from normal and nodular livers became resistant to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta between 48 and 72 h, suggesting that the inhibitory effect is transient. TGF-beta added at 0 h also virtually completely inhibited the labeling of normal and nodular hepatocytes that were not exposed to EGF. These studies demonstrate that TGF-beta is a potent negative regulator of proliferation of normal, regenerating, preneoplastic, and neoplastic hepatocytes. This suggests that persistent proliferation of neoplastic hepatocytes in vivo cannot be explained by a difference in response to TGF-beta. PMID- 3499978 TI - Interleukin-2 enhancement of monoclonal antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity against human melanoma. AB - Disialoganglioside GD2 is present on human neuroblastoma and melanoma cells. 3F8 is a murine IgG3 monoclonal antibody specific for GD2, which has shown antitumor effects in patients in preliminary clinical studies. Since antibody mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was one of the likely mechanisms producing these observed tumor regressions, the current study was carried out to investigate the activation of ADCC by interleukin-2 (IL-2). ADCC (against human neuroblastoma and melanoma cell lines in vitro) mediated by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased 100 to 330% after preincubation with IL-2. At limiting concentrations of 3F8 antibody (10 to 100 times less than the amount required by unactivated peripheral blood lymphocytes), activated peripheral blood lymphocytes still mediated efficient ADCC. Activation of ADCC was detected earlier than lymphokine activated killer cell (LAK) activity, required less IL-2 for optimum induction (50 versus 1000 units/ml), and was of equal or greater absolute magnitude (+10 to +200%) against the cell lines tested. ADCC and LAK were independent and additive when measured against the same cell line. The precursor cells for both LAK and activated ADCC bore IgG Fc receptors, but by day 4 of culture with IL-2 much of the LAK activity resided in the Fc negative, Leu11 negative population, and did not mediate ADCC. IL-2 activated ADCC may be of value alone or in conjunction with LAK cells in the therapy of tumors which bind the antibody 3F8. PMID- 3499980 TI - Location of genes involved in invasion and metastasis on human chromosome 7. AB - We have obtained evidence for the existence of genes controlling invasion and metastasis by somatic cell fusion studies. Noninvasive, nonmetastatic mouse BW5147 T-lymphoma cells were fused with invasive human T-cells. The human cells were either activated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. Both fusions resulted in highly invasive human-mouse T-cell hybrids which metastasized in nude mice. Thus the genes derived from either malignant or nonmalignant but inherently invasive cells enable the T-cell hybridomas to metastasize. By continued in vitro selection for invasive cells employing monolayers of rat embryo fibroblasts followed by subcloning, we were able to isolate invasive hybrids that had lost all human chromosomes except chromosome 7. We present evidence that one or more genes residing on human chromosome 7 are necessary and sufficient for both the establishment and maintenance of invasiveness and metastatic potential of the interspecies T-cell hybrids. PMID- 3499979 TI - Immunotoxins to the murine transferrin receptor: intracavitary therapy of mice bearing syngeneic peritoneal tumors. AB - Two rat monoclonal antibodies to the murine transferrin receptor (TFR) were each conjugated to recombinant ricin toxin A chain (rRTA). The monoclonal antibodies, R17 217 and YE1/9.9, bound to partially overlapping antigenic determinants on the murine TFR that were distinct from the transferrin binding site. Immunotoxins R17 217-rRTA and YE1/9.9-rRTA were potent cytotoxins for mouse cell lines in vitro. Animal toxicity studies showed that they were 10 to 20 times more toxic to mice than were control immunotoxins, including the anti-human-TFR immunotoxin 454A12 rRTA. The mouse toxicity of i.p. injected R17 217-rRTA could be partially blocked by the i.p. or i.v. administration of unconjugated R17 217 monoclonal antibody. I.p. but not i.v. administration of antimouse-TFR immunotoxins prolonged the survival of mice given implants of syngeneic peritoneal P388D1 lymphoid tumors. The anti-mouse-TFR immunotoxins killed at least 99.9% of the P388D1 tumor cells in vivo. In addition, i.p. treatment with immunotoxin R17 217-rRTA was able to prolong the survival of mice given an implant of a murine ovarian teratocarcinoma. The results show that anti-TFR immunotoxins can be efficacious in homologous species when the tumor is confined to a specific body cavity and immunotoxin can be delivered into that cavity. PMID- 3499981 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of the placental form of glutathione S-transferase in dysplastic and neoplastic human uterine cervix lesions. AB - Expression of the human placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi) in dysplasia (53 cases), carcinoma in situ (10 cases), and invasive carcinoma (46 cases) of human uterine cervix was investigated immunohistochemically with specific anti-GST-pi rabbit antibody. While normal squamous epithelium was largely negative, the binding of antibody was appreciable in mild and moderate dysplasias, especially in the cytoplasm of cells demonstrating koilocytotic atypia. In severe dysplasia, the nuclei as well as the cytoplasm were strongly stained in all cell layers except for the superficial layer, and in carcinoma in situ both of them were also strongly stained in all cell layers. In invasive carcinoma, over 90% of cases exhibited strong cytoplasmic staining and in over 70% the nuclei were positive. GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and GST-pi protein content were significantly increased in all of 4 squamous cell carcinomas examined as compared to values for normal cervical epithelia. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting using the GST-pi antibody demonstrated that, of many cytoplasmic proteins, only the GST-pi subunit was specifically bound. These results indicate that GST-pi is a potentially useful immunohistochemical marker for (pre)neoplasia of human uterine cervix. In addition, it was demonstrated that the cells in severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma expressing GST-pi were often characterized by staining with a monoclonal antibody to the v-H-ras gene product. PMID- 3499982 TI - Severe and fatal toxic effects observed in treatment with high- and low-dose leucovorin plus 5-fluorouracil for colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3499984 TI - In vitro generation of tumour-specific lymphocyte reactivity to colonic carcinoma cells. Comparison with normal colonic mucosa cells. AB - Purified tumour cells and normal mucosa cells from fresh human colorectal cancer resection specimens, and T-cell-enriched autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, were mixed in short-term (6 day) mixed lymphocyte-tumour cell (MLTC) microcultures. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake, and a stimulation index (SI = [lymphocytes vs tumour cells (cpm)-tumour cells (cpm)]/[lymphocytes (cpm)] greater than 3 was regarded as significant. Significant lymphocyte reactivity was found in 10/15 patients with colon carcinoma. However, 1 patient with autologous tumour reactivity, also showed significant stimulation against autologous normal mucosa cells, suggesting tumour associated reactivity. Maximum stimulation occurred most frequently at a lymphocyte:tumour cell ratio of 2:1 and with nylon wool-passaged lymphocytes. PMID- 3499985 TI - Effects of coronary artery bypass surgery on left ventricular wall motion at rest and during transesophageal atrial pacing. A two-dimensional echocardiographic study. PMID- 3499983 TI - Lysis of fresh murine mammary tumor cells by syngeneic natural killer cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells. AB - We have compared the ability of natural killer (NK) cells from two substrains of C3H mice that differ with respect to their susceptibility to the development of mammary adenocarcinomas to lyse fresh syngeneic mammary tumor cells. Single cell suspensions of mammary tumors from retired breeder females were used as targets in 22-h 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assays with syngeneic NK cells. Tumor cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic digestion of finely minced tissue followed by centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Effector cells were prepared by passing spleen cells over nylon wool followed by centrifugation through Percoll fraction 7. Syngeneic NK cells had significant levels of lysis against 5/8 tumors studied. NK cells from low risk animals (C3Heb/FeJ) consistently demonstrated greater cytotoxicity against tumor cell preparations than did effectors from the high tumor substrain (C3H/OuJ). Study of cytocentrifuge preparations stained with Wright-Giemsa revealed that the two substrains were identical with respect to the number of azurophilic granules present in the cytoplasm of their NK cells. We have also shown that lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated from splenocytes in C3H mice. While LAK cells from both substrains were capable of lysing fresh syngeneic mammary tumor cells in vitro, LAK cells from the animals at high risk for the formation of mammary adenocarcinomas had greater cytotoxicity against tumor cell suspensions than LAK cells from the low tumor substrain. PMID- 3499986 TI - Transgenic mice expressing a hemopoietic growth factor gene (GM-CSF) develop accumulations of macrophages, blindness, and a fatal syndrome of tissue damage. AB - Transgenic mice carrying the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene expressed from a retroviral promoter exhibit elevated levels of GM-CSF in the serum, urine, peritoneal cavity, and eye. The eyes of transgenic mice are opaque, contain accumulations of macrophages, and develop retinal damage. Similarly, lesions containing macrophages develop in striated muscle. The mice also display an accumulation of large, often multinucleate, activated macrophages in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. The transgene is transcribed in peritoneal cells, as well as in eyes and infiltrated striated muscle. A high proportion of transgenic mice die with muscle wasting when aged 2-4 months, possibly because of macrophage activation resulting from the high levels of GM CSF. PMID- 3499987 TI - Early events in B-cell activation: anti-Lyb2, but not BSF-1, induces a phosphatidylinositol response in murine B cells. AB - Previous studies have indicated that the murine surface antigen Lyb2 is involved in an activation pathway that apparently does not involve the surface immunoglobulin receptor. As sIg has been shown to transduce its activation signal through the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol (PI), and since activation via Lyb2 does not involve sIg, it was of interest to determine if binding to Lyb2 generates a PI response. We have demonstrated that an allele-specific monoclonal antibody to Lyb2 (anti-Lyb2 mab), which has previously been shown to drive B cells into S, also activated PI metabolism in these cells. This activation occurred in a dose-dependent and allele-specific manner. Antibodies to other B cell surface molecules such as Ia did not induce a PI response. The effect of anti-Lyb2 mab was always less in magnitude than that induced by anti-IgM, but the effects of the two antibody preparations were most comparable in larger, presumptively preactivated cells. To explore the issue that Lyb2 may represent a receptor for a growth factor, possibly the early-acting B-cell growth factor BSF 1, we studied the PI response to BSF-1 and the effect of BSF-1 on Lyb2-induced PI turnover. BSF-1 neither induced a PI response nor inhibited competitively the response induced by anti-Lyb2 mab. PMID- 3499988 TI - The cellular basis for the Ia restriction in murine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Susceptibility to experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in the mouse is linked to the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. EAT can be induced in susceptible strains of mice by immunization with mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) and adjuvant. We have described a cell transfer system wherein spleen cells from EAT-susceptible CBA/J mice primed in vivo with MTg and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be activated in vitro with MTg to transfer EAT to naive syngeneic recipients. This cell transfer system was used to elucidate the cellular basis for the I-A restriction in EAT. While the cell active in transferring EAT was Thy 1+ I-A-, depletion of I-A+ cells from the in vitro culture prevented the activation of EAT effector T cells. MTg-pulsed mitomycin C-treated naive syngeneic spleen cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) could replace the I-A+ cells in vitro. Allogeneic (Balb/c) APCs were ineffective. Using APCs from several recombinant inbred strains of mice, it was shown that C3H/HEN and B10.A(4R) APCs were effective in activating MTg/LPS-primed CBA/J spleen cells to transfer EAT while B10.A(5R) APCs were ineffective. This maps the H-2 restriction to the K or I-A subregions. Addition of polyclonal anti-Iak or monoclonal anti-I Ak or anti-L3T4 during in vitro activation inhibited both the generation of EAT effector cells and the proliferative response to MTg. Irrelevant anti-Ia reagents, monoclonal anti-I-Ek, and monoclonal anti-I-Jk were ineffective. Thus the I-A restriction in murine EAT appears to result from an I-A restricted interaction between Ia+ APCs and Ia- EAT effector T cells. PMID- 3499989 TI - Activity of a partially purified human BCGF on murine assays for B-cell stimulatory factors. I. BCGF II-like activity of human BCGF. AB - To further characterize a human B-cell growth factor (BCGF) produced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) P-stimulated peripheral blood T cells, a partially purified preparation of this material was tested in a number of murine assays for B-cell stimulatory factors (BSF). Human BCGF lacked murine BSF-1 activity as assessed via the induction of polyclonal proliferation of anti-IgM-stimulated murine B cells; however, this material consistently augmented the proliferative response of murine B cells to anti-IgM and a saturating dose of murine BSF-1. Human BCGF also induced proliferation in unstimulated murine B cells, and augmented the proliferative response of dextran sulfate activated murine B cells. Human BCGF is therefore capable of causing proliferation of unstimulated and activated murine B cells, and by these criteria closely resembles murine BCGF II. In contrast to murine BCGF II, however, human BCGF failed to stimulate proliferation or immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by murine BCL1 B lymphoma cells. A murine analog of this human BCGF showing the same pattern of biological responses was found in concanavalin A-stimulated supernatants of the murine MB2.1 T-cell line and D9-Cl T-cell hybridoma. The active component of the human BCGF preparation was not due to contaminating PHA, interleukin 1, interleukin 2; interferon-gamma, or endotoxin. Comparison between the above human BCGF and a commonly used source of murine BCGF II, i.e., supernatant from antigen-stimulated D10.G4.1 T cells, provided information suggestive of BCGF II heterogeneity. Both human BCGF and D10.G4.1 supernatant caused proliferation of unstimulated and dextran sulfate-stimulated murine B cells; however, only the human BCGF preparation augmented the proliferative response of murine B cells to anti-IgM and a saturating dose of murine BSF-1, and only the D10.G4.1 supernatant stimulated BCL1 cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. The data therefore indicate that the different assays for BCGF II used in this study respond to different factors, and suggest the existence of two BCGF II-like activities. PMID- 3499990 TI - Bypass of the ts block of tsJT60, a G0-specific ts mutant from rat fibroblasts, by fetal bovine serum and epidermal growth factor. AB - tsJT60, a temperature-sensitive (ts) G0-mutant cell line from a Fischer rat, grows normally in the exponential growth phase at 34 degrees C and 39.5 degrees C, but when stimulated with fetal bovine serum (FBS), from the G0 phase they reenter the S phase at 34 degrees C but not at 39.5 degrees C. The ts-block was bypassed when G0-arrested tsJT60 cells were stimulated at 39.5 degrees C with FBS plus epidermal growth factor (EGF). The presence of EGF for the first 6 h after serum stimulation caused tsJT60 cells to enter the S phase in the presence of FBS at 39.5 degrees C. When EGF was added 6 h after serum stimulation, entrance into the S phase was delayed by about 6 h. The sequential presence of two growth factors, EGF without FBS for 6 h then FBS without EGF, or the reversed sequence, failed to initiate DNA synthesis at 39.5 degrees C. The binding of EGF was not temperature sensitive. The amounts of RNA and protein present doubled after stimulation with both FBS and EGF at 39.5 degrees C. These and other findings suggest that EGF bypasses only some specific event in the entire prereplicative process that operates operating in serum-stimulated cells at 39.5 degrees C. PMID- 3499991 TI - [Pulmonary histiocytosis X]. PMID- 3499993 TI - Effect of chronic treatment with saikosaponin d and dexamethasone on responsiveness of pituitary and adrenal cortex and adrenal weight in rats. PMID- 3499992 TI - Effect of thioacetamide on the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA of 13 tissues and on the mitotic index of the corneal epithelium of BD2F1 in male mice while taking into consideration circadian variation. AB - An investigation was done to assess the effect of a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of thioacetamide on the incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA of 13 different tissues and on the mitotic index of the corneal epithelium of mice. Seven-week-old CD2F1 mice, who had been standardized to 12 hours (hr) of light alternating with 12 hr of darkness, and fed ad libitum were used. The experimental design took into consideration the circadian variation that characterizes cell proliferation in all of the tissues studied. This was done by killing subgroups of seven animals every 6 hr for 96 hr. Thirty minutes prior to killing all mice were injected ip with 25 mu Ci of [3H]-thymidine and its incorporation into DNA was determined. The tissues of all thioacetamide and saline treated mice showed marked circadian variation in DNA synthesis. Thioacetamide treatment brought about significant (P less than 0.05) stimulation of DNA synthesis in the liver and kidney thus confirming, but extending an earlier finding. Moreover, the data showed for the first time that DNA synthesis in the bone marrow and spleen and colon were markedly statistically significantly stimulated at specific times after treatment. Synthesis of DNA in the thymus, lung, testes, tongue, esophagus, duodenum, rectum and the mitotic index in the corneal epithelium were not statistically significantly altered by thioacetamide treatment. A preliminary study also was carried out to explore what effect multiple treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) had on DNA synthesis in thioacetamide treated mice. Mice were killed 36 hr after thioacetamide treatment, but were treated with EGF which began 15 hr after the thioacetamide was administered and this was repeated at 18, 21 and 24 hr (50 micrograms/mouse/treatment). Under the conditions of this study EGF significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed DNA synthesis 76% in the liver, 64% in the thymus, 22% in the spleen, 30% in the duodenum and 24% in the esophagus. A histological analysis of the livers of four EGF treated and four non-EGF treated mice was done, but no consistent differences in terms of necrosis, inflammation or regeneration were observed between the two groups. PMID- 3499994 TI - Pharmacological studies of furo[3,2-b]indole derivatives. III. Correlation between analgesic effect and effect on central nervous system of N-(3 piperidinopropyl)-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl furo[3,2-b]indole-2-carboxamide (FI 302) in mice. PMID- 3499995 TI - [Postoperative care of patients with arterio-coronary bypass]. PMID- 3499996 TI - Growth of pancreatic foci and development of pancreatic cancer with a single dose of azaserine in the rat. AB - Studies were undertaken to characterize the growth of the azaserine-induced putative preneoplastic lesions in rats and to determine if a single dose of azaserine would be carcinogenic. Male Lewis rats were given a single i.p. injection of 30 mg L-azaserine/kg body weight at 7 weeks of age. A purified diet was fed throughout the study. Rats (10-12 per group) were autopsied at 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months post-initiation, and pancreases were quantitatively evaluated to characterize the growth of acidophilic and basophilic foci and nodules (henceforth called foci), and the incidence of neoplasms. All azaserine-treated rats had foci, and at all times approximately equal numbers of acidophilic and basophilic foci were present in the pancreas. The number of basophilic foci increased with time, and while their size also increased, the change was small compared with the increase in size of the acidophilic foci. Conversely, all acidophilic foci appeared to be present by 6-9 months, and their size greatly increased with time. The data suggest that virtually all foci persist rather than regress or remodel. At 9 months the incidence of carcinoma in situ was 30% and by 18 months there was a 100% incidence of pancreatic cancers (58% carcinoma in situ and 42% carcinoma). PMID- 3499997 TI - Myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment with thallium-201 emission computed tomography. AB - Myocardial ischemia may play a critical role in the symptomatic presentation and natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To assess the relative prevalence and functional significance of myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients comprising the broad clinical spectrum of HCM, we studied 72 patients (ages 12 to 69 years, mean 40) using thallium-201 emission computed tomography. Imaging was performed immediately after maximal exercise and again after a 3 hr delay. Regional perfusion defects were identified in 41 of the 72 patients (57%). Fixed or only partially reversible defects were evident in 17 patients, 14 of whom (82%) had left ventricular ejection fractions of less than 50% at rest. Twenty-four patients demonstrated perfusion defects during exercise that completely reversed at rest; all had normal or hyperdynamic left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50%). Perfusion abnormalities were present in all regions of the left ventricle. However, the fixed defects were observed predominantly in segments of the left ventricular wall that were of normal or only mildly increased (15 to 20 mm) thickness; in contrast, a substantial proportion (41%) of the completely reversible defects occurred in areas of moderate-to-marked wall thickness (greater than or equal to 20 mm, p less than .001). Neither a history of chest pain nor its provocation with treadmill exercise was predictive of an abnormal thallium study, since regional perfusion defects were present in 10 of 18 (56%) completely asymptomatic patients, compared with 31 of 54 (58%) symptomatic patients. These data indicate that myocardial perfusion abnormalities occur commonly among patients with HCM. Fixed or only partially reversible defects suggestive of myocardial scar and/or severe ischemia occur primarily in patients with impaired systolic performance. Completely reversible perfusion abnormalities occur predominantly in patients with normal or supranormal left ventricular systolic function. Such dynamic changes in regional thallium activity may reflect an ischemic process that contributes importantly to the clinical manifestations and natural history of HCM. PMID- 3499998 TI - Predominance of mite allergy over allergy to pollens and animal danders in a farming population. AB - The prevalence of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to respiratory allergens, including Lepidoglyphus destructor (a storage mite) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was studied in a rural population of Gotland, a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea. A sample of 440 farmers underwent examination, comprising skin prick tests (animal danders, pollens, moulds, house dust mite and wheat) and blood sampling for radio-allergosorbent tests (RAST) (birch, Timothy grass, dog, D. pteronyssinus, Cladosporium and L. destructor). The highest prevalence of positive skin-prick tests was noted for D. pteronyssinus (6.0%). Low prevalences of positive skin-prick tests, 0.7-2.7%, were found for pollens, animal danders and moulds. Among the tested allergens, D. pteronyssinus and L. destructor yielded the highest prevalences of positive RAST results, namely 5.2 and 6.8%, respectively. Most farmers with allergy to pollens and animal danders had symptoms both from the upper and lower airways and from the eyes. Among farmers with both asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, the prevalence of positive RAST results for L. destructor and D. pteronyssinus were simiar. The present study clearly demonstrates that mites are by far the most important allergens in the farming population on Gotland, whereas otherwise common allergens such as pollen and animal danders are clearly less significant. PMID- 3500000 TI - The T cell phenotypes in the lesion of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3499999 TI - Biotin radioligand assay with an 125I-labeled biotin derivative, avidin, and avidin double-antibody reagents. AB - We describe a new radioligand assay for determining biotin in biological fluids by using a mixture of N-[beta-(4-OH-3-125I-phenyl)ethyl]- and N-[beta-(4-OH-3,5 di-125I-phenyl)ethyl]biotinamides as radiotracer, avidin as a binding protein, and an avidin double-antibody as a separation reagent. The radiotracer is synthesized by coupling (at pH 8.5, 20-22 degrees C, 90 min) N hydroxysuccinimidobiotin to radioiodinated tyramine. The assay curve is linear and the assay itself is sensitive (less than 10 ng/L), reproducible (intra- and interassay CVs 4.1% and 7.0%, respectively), and allows the simultaneous handling of more than 100 samples in less than 4 h. Serum samples from apparently normal subjects contained 100-840 ng of biotin per liter (mean 340 ng/L). Pregnant women had low concentrations of biotin (100-300 ng/L) in their serum. Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis treatment showed high concentrations (0.5-3.0 micrograms/L), which may be ascribable to the inability of avidin, which was used as the assay binding protein, to distinguish biotin from biotinyl derivatives with an intact ureido ring. PMID- 3500001 TI - The inhibitory actions of anti-oxidants on endothelium-derived relaxing factor released from cultured bovine cells. PMID- 3500002 TI - An immunomodulating anti-rheumatic drug, lobenzarit disodium (CCA): inhibition of polyclonal B-cell activation and prevention of autoimmune disease in MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mice. AB - In this study, we examined the effect of an immunoregulatory antirheumatic agent, lobenzarit disodium (CCA), on spontaneously developing glomerulonephritis in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice. Starting from 6 weeks of age, mice were given CCA orally 5 days a week at a dose of 2 or 10 mg/kg. A control group was given the same volume of distilled water. The CCA treatment suppressed the excretion of protein in the urine. At 40 weeks of age, the incidence of proteinuria was 10/10 in the controls, 6/10 in the 2-mg/kg treatment group, and 5/10 in the 10 mg/kg group. The life span was prolonged dose dependently. The 50% survival time was 33 weeks for the controls, 35.5 weeks for the 2-mg/kg group, and 41 weeks for the 10 mg/kg group. The serum levels of anti-ssDNA antibody, anti-TNP antibody, and rheumatoid factor (RF) of the Ig G isotype and immune complex were reduced compared with control group. But the antibodies of Ig M isotype were not reduced. The serum Ig G1, Ig G2, and Ig G3 were significantly lower in the CCA-treated mice than in the controls. But again the serum level of Ig M was unchanged. These effects of CCA may be based on the suppression of lymphadenopathy. CCA may correct abnormal B-cell growth and differentiation factor release by the MRL/l abnormal T cells. These results show that CCA inhibits the development of lupus nephritis in MRL/l mice through the amelioration of the abnormal immune response, polyclonal B-cell activation. PMID- 3500003 TI - In vitro studies of the role of monocytes in the immunosuppression associated with natural measles virus infections. AB - Measles is associated with suppression of mitogen-induced proliferative responses. The role of monocytes in depressed responses to phytohemagglutinin during measles was assessed. Depleting peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adherent cells decreased, increased, and did not change proliferative responses in essentially equal numbers of individuals. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin significantly increased proliferation (P = 0.009) but often not to normal values. Addition of supplemental interleukin 1 had little effect. Addition of supplemental natural interleukin 2 significantly increased proliferation (P = 0.002) even in patients with very low responses. These data suggest that monocyte function is abnormal in some individuals with measles, that the abnormality is variable, and that lymphocyte response to monocyte signals is probably suboptimal as well. PMID- 3500004 TI - Decreased reactivity of allosera against target lymphocytes obtained following thermal injury or long-term cyclosporine treatment. AB - We speculated that two diverse causes of potent cell-mediated immune suppression, cyclosporine (CsA) and thermal trauma, may demonstrate some similar actions, and thus tested whether either could alter antisera reactivity against allogeneic target lymphocytes. Target splenocytes from 40% body surface area full-thickness burned Brown-Norway (BN) rats demonstrated significant (P = 0.004) decreased reactivity (agglutination) with antisera produced across a full allogeneic barrier (RT1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC) compared to control splenocytes. Depression of allogeneic splenic target cell reactivity against Lewis (LEW)-anti-BN allosera was similarly observed using lymphocytes from long-term CsA-treated rats (P = 0.004). The decreased reactivity induced by burn trauma was transferable to pooled normal splenocytes or blood lymphocytes by preincubation with burn plasma (P less than 0.001), and was confirmed by a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) (P = 0.003). In summary, a similarity consisting of decreased antibody reactivity against lymphocytes from either burned or long-term CsA-treated animals was demonstrated. These results suggested that lymphocyte cell surface allogeneic determinants and their expression and/or availability were altered by either regimen. PMID- 3500005 TI - Positive gastrointestinal bleeding study from tumor extension into intestine. PMID- 3500006 TI - The table clinician program: a professional approach. PMID- 3500007 TI - Compliance by health care providers with recommended systemic fluoride supplementation protocol. PMID- 3500008 TI - Demineralization and remineralization of in vitro fluoridated human root surfaces. PMID- 3500009 TI - Assuring success through systematized complete denture delivery. PMID- 3500010 TI - Dissolution of phosphorus from human enamel pretreated in vitro using SnF2 stabilized with amine fluoride 297. PMID- 3500011 TI - [Radioimmunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibodies]. AB - Radioimmunoscintigraphy is presented as a new imaging modality in nuclear medicine, using specific antigen-antibody interactions. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated antigens facilitate the characterization of molecular differences between tumors and normal cells. Labelled with gamma-emitting radioisotopes like I-131, I-123, In-111, and Tc99M, these antibodies can be used for in-vivo imaging. Radioimmunoscintigraphy does not compete with morphological modalities like CT and ultrasound, but provides additional information based on its functional principle. Hidden lesions may be detected. Target-to-background ratios, however, are still rather low hampering scintigraphic imaging. The use of Single Photon Emissions Computed Tomography (SPECT) in addition to planar scintigraphy resolves background activities thus providing better visualization and localization of tumors, and increasing sensitivity. The high cost of these time-consuming studies is still a limiting factor to its wider use. Its preliminary indication is founded on the suspicion of tumor progression, based on clinical findings and/or increasing serum tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9, CA 12-5). This paper provides an overview over possible applications of radioimmunoscintigraphy. Its clinical use is demonstrated by studies of malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. PMID- 3500012 TI - Determination of biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae a comparison of methods and a description of a new biotype (VIII) of H. parainfluenzae. AB - A total of 180 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 119 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were characterized with respect to biotype (i.e., production of indole, urease, and ornithine decarboxylase) using conventional biochemical methods and two commercially available biotyping systems: Trio-Tube Haemophilus system (Carr Microbiologicals) and the Rapid NH System (Inovative Diagnostic Systems). Concordance between the results of the Trio-Tube system and conventional biochemicals was achieved with 294 of the 299 test organisms (98.3%). With the Rapid NH System, concordance with the results of conventional biochemical tests was observed with 275 of the 299 tests strains (92.0%). One previously unrecognized biotype of H. parainfluenzae, designated biotype VIII, is described. Typical reactions of this biotype include indole production but no production of urease or ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 3500013 TI - Early adolescent alcohol abuse in rural northern Michigan. AB - Data concerning several alcohol abuse behaviors were collected from 181 middle school students in Michigan's Upper Peninsula during May, 1982. The findings suggest that alcohol misuse in this region increases significantly with age, and appears to be at rates well above national averages. Examination of gender differences also reveals results which differ from national trends. This paper examines the general alcohol-related abusive behaviors found in this rural youth population, and provides some recommendations for both mental health education program development and therapeutic services. PMID- 3500014 TI - Probing the active sites of aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferases from Trichomonas vaginalis and pig heart cytoplasm using substrate analogues. AB - 1. Series of structural analogues of the substrates and products of the aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase reaction have been tested as reversible inhibitors of the purified aspartate aminotransferases from the protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis and from pig heart cytoplasm. 2. The results highlight differences and similarities between the active site regions of the two enzymes which are relevant to a better understanding of the nature of the enzyme/substrate interactions which influence substrate specificity. PMID- 3500015 TI - Relationship between deficiency of thymus--dependent immune system factors and lipoprotein metabolism disturbances in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - Using immunological and biochemical methods, the existence was proved of a relationship between atherogenous types of hyperlipoproteinaemia and decrease of the functional activity of the T-component of the immune system in patients with ischaemic heart disease. In IHD patients without lipid metabolism disturbances the indicators of the functional activity of the thymus-dependent factor of the immune system were reduced to a much lesser extent. The results stress the role of thymus-dependent factors and lipids in the development of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 3500016 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of catalase in ocular tissue. AB - Localization of catalase in rat and bovine ocular tissues was investigated by an immunohistochemical method. Antisera to purified catalase was raised in a rabbit. Purity of catalase was determined by gel electrophoresis and specificity of the antibody was tested by immunoblot. The immunohistochemical method revealed the presence of catalase predominantly in epithelial and endothelial structures of the eye and in the retina, except in the outer segments. Catalase was found in abundance in those structures that are frequently exposed to oxygen metabolites under physiologic conditions and in such pathologic states as intraocular inflammations. These findings thus suggest that catalase, along with other antioxidant enzymes, may offer protection against the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 3500018 TI - Occlusion of the endotracheal tube. PMID- 3500017 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage in Sjogren's syndrome. Evidence for an expansion of cytotoxic/suppressor subset in patients with alveolar neutrophilia. AB - We initiated this study to determine the cellular composition and T-lymphocyte subpopulations of fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage from 15 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (1SS), six patients with secondary Sjogren's syndrome associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (2SS-PBC), eight patients with secondary Sjogren's syndrome associated with collagen-vascular diseases (2SS CVD), and 12 normal subjects. All were nonsmokers who were free of clinical pulmonary symptoms and had normal findings on chest roentgenograms. Lymphocyte subsets were identified by mouse monoclonal antibodies that were specific for T cells, helper/inducer, and suppressor/cytotoxic (namely, OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8). Patients with 1SS, patients with 2SS-PBC, and patients with 2SS-CVD had a significantly increased percentage of lymphocytes in fluid from bronchoalveolar lavage (respectively, 21.6 +/- 3.7 percent, 24.3 +/- 6.1 percent, and 25.6 +/- 3.9 percent) compared with the normal value of control subjects (9.9 +/- 1.5 percent). In addition, two of the 15 patients with 1SS and five of the eight patients with 2SS-CVD demonstrated an increased percentage of alveolar neutrophils. The predominant T-cell subset in patients with 1SS was T4+, and the mean T4:T8 ratio was normal. The percentage of T4+ cells was increased in patients with 2 SS-PBC, resulting in an increased T4:T8 ratio. In contrast, patients with 2 SS-CVD demonstrated a markedly increased percentage of T8+ cells, reflected by a shift in the T4:T8 ratio which was inverted. Patients with Sjogren's syndrome and with neutrophilia on bronchoalveolar lavage had a marked expansion of the T8+ lymphocyte subpopulation, where as patients with Sjogren's syndrome and with pure lymphocytosis on bronchoalveolar lavage showed predominantly T4+ cells. In addition, we found a strong positive correlation between the number of neutrophils and the number of T8+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (r = 0.74; p less than 0.05). Until the functional activities of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells are better defined, the role that these cells play in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease in Sjogren's syndrome remains unclear. PMID- 3500019 TI - The ecology of child maltreatment: identifying and characterizing high-risk neighborhoods. AB - This article proposes a multimethod strategy as a way to reduce the existing confusion of methods for determining which neighborhoods within a community are at high risk for child maltreatment, and identifying neighborhood characteristics and problems associated with child abuse and neglect. Description of the multimethod strategy includes examples of the type of data that can be obtained. PMID- 3500020 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3500021 TI - Modifications of the thymus and splenic thymic dependent zones after in utero exposure to phenytoin: qualitative and quantitative analysis in C3H mice. AB - Pregnant female mice were randomly distributed in two groups and received twice a day by gavage either 25 mg/kg Dilantin in 0.2 ml distilled water or 0.2 ml distilled water till full term. The offspring were sacrificed on day 5. In the exposed group, the thymic cortex was reduced with a low mitotic activity in the lymphoid population while reticuloepithelial tissue was enlarged; numerous interdigitated reticular cells accumulate at the cortico/medulla border. In the spleen, the white pulp was enlarged because of lymphocytes accumulation in the periarteriolar sheets. In these two organs, the relative number of Thyl-2+, Lyt 1+ and Lyt 2+ T cell subsets were also modified showing especially a decrease in the thymus and an increase in the spleen of the Lyt 1+ cells. Since at the same time the thymus and the spleen of the females which reproduced the neonates are quite unchanged, it is concluded that the developing immune system of the fetal mouse is more susceptible to diphenylhydantoin than the immune system of the adult. This raises the question of the reversibility of this in utero acquired immune impairment. PMID- 3500022 TI - Cloning and sequence of the human gene for P450c17 (steroid 17 alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase): similarity with the gene for P450c21. AB - P450c17 is a single cytochrome P450 enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. We have cloned and sequenced the human P450XVIIA1 gene lying on chromosome 10, which encodes P450c17. The gene spans 6569 bp and is divided into eight exons by seven introns. This intron/exon structure closely resembles that of the P450XXI genes encoding P450c21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase), which contain 10 exons, except that the introns dividing exons 1 and 2 and exons 4 and 5 in the P450XXI gene are absent in the P450XVII gene. Furthermore, computer modeling studies indicate the conformations of P450c17 and P450c21 are very similar. The structures of the P450XXVII and P450XXI genes are very different from other classes of P450 genes. Although the production of P450c17 is under different hormonal, ontogenic, and tissue-specific controls in various types of steroidogenic cells, the adrenal and testis transcribe the P450XVIIA1 gene into P450c17 mRNAs having the same cap sites. S1 nuclease protection experiments locate the principal cap sites as a G residue lying 22 bases 3' to an atypical TTTAAA promoter, and 82 bases 3' to a typical CAAT box. The 5'-flanking DNA contains sequences similar to consensus sequences regulated by cAMP and glucocorticoids. PMID- 3500023 TI - Complex transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids and corticotropin-releasing hormone of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in rat pituitary cultures. AB - Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide secretion from rat anterior pituitary corticotrophs and intermediate pituitary melanotrophs is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH-stimulated secretion in the corticotrophs is inhibited by glucocorticoids in a complex fashion, involving both a fast, direct blockade of POMC secretion (minutes to hours) and a longer inhibitory action (hours to days) that decreases the amount of POMC peptide available for release. The current studies tested the ability of CRH to stimulate beta-endorphin (a peptide derived from POMC) secretion and POMC gene transcription in cultured anterior and neurointermediate lobe pituitary cells, and examined interactions between CRH and glucocorticoids in regulating POMC gene expression using an in vitro nuclear transcription run-on assay. In both tissues, CRH elicited a time-dependent stimulation of POMC gene transcription that was maximal at 60 min and remained elevated for at least 18 hr. Glucocorticoids rapidly inhibited POMC gene transcription fourfold in the anterior lobe with maximal effects within 20 min. Glucocorticoids also blocked CRH-stimulated POMC gene transcription in anterior pituitary cultures in a temporal manner paralleling their inhibitory effects on CRH-stimulated beta-endorphin secretion. In neurointermediate lobe cultures, the effects of glucocorticoids and CRH on POMC gene transcription were qualitatively similar to, but of lesser magnitude than those observed in the anterior lobe. These studies indicate that the regulation of POMC gene transcription by glucocorticoids and CRH is complex and that the two modulators do not function independently. PMID- 3500024 TI - Cone function in congenital nyctalopia. AB - A patient with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) (Schubert-Bornschein type) transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait was studied with several tests of electrical function as well as a variety of psychophysical procedures. Comparison of the patient's present findings with those obtained 23 years earlier showed that while rod thresholds have remained the same, cone sensitivity has decreased. Subjective flicker thresholds obtained following a bleach were unchanged during the course of dark adaptation. The absence of rod-cone interaction, together with an absent scotopic b-wave, implies that the defect is in the mid-retinal layers. Further, the absence of oscillatory potentials in the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) suggests that the interplexiform cell may be implicated in some manner. The focal ERG of the CSNB patient showed normal amplitude and normal phase delays, supporting the idea that the focal ERG samples primarily cone photoreceptor activity. PMID- 3500025 TI - [Comparative study of the neural growth-stimulating and neutralizing activity of extracts from chick embryos]. PMID- 3500026 TI - A sulphonamido-indanone derivative CGP 28237 (ZK 34228), a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent without gastro-intestinal ulcerogenicity in rats. AB - CGP 28237 (5-methylsulphonylamino-6-phenoxy-1-indanone) belongs to a series of structurally novel indanones. The compound is a weak acid (pK = 6.98), but it does not contain a carboxylic group. CGP 28237 exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in developing and established adjuvant arthritis in rats (ED40 approximately 0.5 mg/kg p.o.) and good activity in carrageenin oedema (ED40 approximately 3 mg/kg p.o.). It inhibits yeast-induced fever in rats with ED50 values of 1, 2 and 10 mg/kg p.o. at 1, 3 and 5 hours after drug administration. The antinociceptive activity in mice (phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing) and rats (acetic-acid writhing) is weak. CGP 28237 has been shown to be non-ulcerogenic in rats under acute and chronic test conditions: it does not cause mucosal lesions in the stomach at 2 X 400 mg/kg p.o., it does not enhance gastro-intestinal blood loss during 10 days' oral treatment with 400 mg/kg p.o., and it did not induce gastro-intestinal lesions in a 4-week toxicity study up to 1000 mg/kg p.o. Although CGP 28237 is not a cyclooxygenase inhibitor in bovine seminal vesicle microsomes, it inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in zymosan-stimulated murine macrophages (IC50 approximately 3 X 10(-6) mol/l) and protects rabbits against arachidonic acid-induced lung embolism with 10 mg/kg p.o. CGP 28237 may represent a novel anti-inflammatory drug with excellent gastro-intestinal tolerability. PMID- 3500027 TI - Pharmacological activity and toxicity of apyramide: comparison with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - An experimental and comparative study was conducted on 1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2 methyl-5-methoxyindole-3-p-acetamidophenol acetate (Apyramide) and known anti inflammatory agents. Apyramide was far less toxic than indomethacin in rats and mice by the oral or the i.p. route. It exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin-induced paw oedema, cotton pellet granuloma and adjuvant arthritis, as well as analgesic and antipyretic activities. The acute ulcerogenic effect of Apyramide was lower than that of indomethacin. PMID- 3500028 TI - 1,6-Dimethyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4H-pyrido(1,2-a)- pyrimidine-3 carboxamide (Ch-127) protects against the intestinal damage in rats caused by two weeks' daily administration of indomethacin. AB - 1,6-Dimethyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4H-pyrido 1,2-a pyrimidine-3 carboxamide (Ch-127) significantly inhibited the intestinal ulceration induced by a single dose of indomethacin (15 mg/kg p.o.). Moreover, indomethacin produced 75% lethality in the dose of 3.5 mg/kg p.o. administered daily for 2 weeks. The concurrent daily administration of Ch-127 (50 mg/kg p.o. +25 mg/kg s.c.) with indomethacin prevented the gastrointestinal mucosa from histologically detectable changes, and none of the animals died. The 80% lethality following the daily administration of naproxen (60 mg/kg p.o.) for two weeks was also significantly decreased by combining it with Ch-127 (50 mg/kg p.o.). PMID- 3500029 TI - Therapeutic possibilities of thymopoietin fragments (TP3 and TP4) based on experimental animal models. AB - The effects of thymic hormones are focused on the induction of T-cell subpopulations and restoration of the reactivity of an impaired immune system. TP3 and TP4 (corresponding to thymopoietin 32-34 and 32-35) exert a thymic hormone substitution effect. These peptides elicit dissimilar quantitative and qualitative effects. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate: (a) the effect of thymopoietin fragments in mice with unbalanced immune systems caused by experimental manipulation; and (b) the ratio of target cells after treatment. The distribution of Thy1, Lyt1, Lyt2 positivity was determined in a direct complement mediated cytotoxicity test. Autoantibody production was measured by Coombs' test. A count of Lewis Lung Tumour (LLT) metastases was made after two weeks of inoculation. Groups of mice were thymectomized and/or injected with cyclophosphamide (CY) (240 mg/kg) 96 h before tumour cell inoculation. The number of LLT metastases was decreased by treatment with peptides (TP3 = 72, TP4 = 97, TP5[thymopoietin 32-36] = 83.1 in %) and immunosuppression produced by CY was partly restored. After thymectomy, however, only TP3 treatment caused a decreasing effect (97.4%) on CY immunotoxicity independently of thymectomy. Inhibition of autoantibody production was detected with TP3 (5-6 weeks earlier than in mice treated with TP5). The ratio of Thy1+ and Lyt2+ cells was increased by treatment with TP3 and TP4, but the ratio of Lyt1+ cells was decreased by application of TP5. After TP3 treatment of nude mice the Lyt1+/Lyt2+ ratio increased both in bone marrow and spleen. No effect of TP4 was observed on Lyt 1+ cells, but the number of Lyt2+ increased in bone marrow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500030 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV infection. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 3500031 TI - [Inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3500032 TI - [Combination autotransfusion in heart surgery. Use of acute normovolemic hemodilution in coronary heart disease]. AB - Normovolemic hemodilution (15 mg/kg body-weight: group I) was undertaken in 100 patients immediately before the start of coronary-artery surgery. In addition, a Cell-Saver (Haemonetics, Munich) was used for intra-operative autotransfusion. Another group of 100 patients (group II) was similarly operated on without autotransfusion (the study was conducted on 200 consecutive patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass). Before blood (autologous or homologous) was administered a reduction of hemoglobin to 9 g/100 ml and hematocrit to 0.28 was well tolerated (during extracorporeal circulation: 6.5 g/100 ml and 0.16, respectively). Due to intra- and postoperative complications, such as infarct bleeding (including reoperation) or septicemia, the number of patients placed in group I fell to 94, that in group II to 90. Acute normovolemic hemodilution increased cardiac output and oxygen transport capacity, while other hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged, and there was no effect on extravascular lung water. Autotransfusion reduced the need for homologous blood derivatives by 71% (fresh blood, fresh plasma, RBC concentrates). No clinically significant disadvantages occurred. PMID- 3500033 TI - [B-cell and T-cell immunoblastic lymphomas of baboons]. AB - The results of morphological study of B- and T-cellular immunoblast baboon lymphomas are presented. Differences are found both in the structure of tumour cells and in the histostructure of tumours as a whole. The tumor cells of B immunoblastic lymphomas expressed mainly IgM. The tumour cells of certain T immunoblastic lymphomas being investigated by means of monoclonal OKT4 antibodies had a surface phenotype peculiar to T-helper cells. PMID- 3500034 TI - [Immunoregulatory lymphocytes and circulating immune complexes in gastric cancer]. AB - The characteristics of T-lymphocyte common population and their subpopulations, the level of circulating immune complexes and A, M, G immunoglobulins and the interaction between these items were studied in 75 patients with gastric cancer of clinical stages II-IV. The number of T mu-lymphocytes in patients with gastric cancer increased, that of T gamma-lowered. Correlation disturbances between these cells were observed. The level of circulating immune complexes and IgG increased. The disbalance as to immunoregulatory lymphocytes and its progress were followed by an increase in the content of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 3500035 TI - [Production of interleukin-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with soft tissue sarcomas]. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied in 9 healthy subjects and 19 patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Mean IL-2 production by PBL in 19 patients was significantly diminished as compared with the control. Surgery leads to an increase of IL-2 production, however, the levels observed in the control do not restore completely. PMID- 3500036 TI - Application of penicillinase linked ELISA of pregnanediol glucuronide for detection of ovulation and assessment of corpus luteal function. AB - A penicillinase linked enzyme immunoassay was developed for the estimation of pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide (PdG) in urine. The immunoassay satisfied all the validity criteria and was used in detecting ovulation and in the assessment of corpus luteal function (CLF) during spontaneous or induced cycles. Reference values were established by estimating PdG levels in daily early morning urine samples during 31 menstrual cycles obtained from 17 regularly menstruating women. A PdG value of 1.7 micrograms/mg creatinine (micrograms/mgC) (90th Centile of follicular phase) in any MLP (mid-luteal phase) sample was considered as indicating ovulation. A value of 4.6 micrograms/mgC (20th centile of MLP) was considered to be evidence of sufficient CLF. When this approach was applied to 20 infertile cases, detection of the occurrence of ovulation/anovulation was made correctly in 19 out of 20 cases (95%). Accuracy was poor (55.6%) when the aim of the diagnosis was corpus luteal deficiency. Higher accuracy (88.9%) for corpus luteal deficiency/corpus luteal adequacy was obtained when the sum of PdG concentrations in three MLP samples were taken into consideration. A total of 13.8 micrograms/mgC (thrice the 20th centile for MLP) indicated probable corpus luteal deficiency, and values above this limit were considered to indicate corpus luteal adequacy. PMID- 3500037 TI - Injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal variceal haemorrhage. A prospective long term follow-up study. AB - One-hundred-seventy-five patients with oesophageal variceal bleeding and liver cirrhosis who underwent long-term injection sclerotherapy were prospectively followed for 44 +/- SD 17 months. While aetiology (alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic cirrhosis) had no influence on survival, the Child status assessed at the time of initiation of sclerotherapy was of important prognostic value (mortality rate after a mean follow-up of 44 months: Child A 5%, Child B 45%, and Child C 83%). Initiation of sclerotherapy (elective vs. emergency) had no influence on survival in the A/B patients, whereas electively treated Child C patients had a somewhat better outcome than those in whom sclerotherapy was started during active bleeding. Rebleeding, especially within the first two months after starting repeat sclerotherapy, was significantly influenced by the Child status of the patients. About one-fourth of all deaths were combined with rebleeding in the Child B and C patients, but none of the A patients had intestinal bleeding prior to death. It is concluded that Child A patients have an excellent long-term prognosis after variceal haemorrhage treated by repeated endoscopic injection of the varices. PMID- 3500038 TI - Endoscopic injection treatment in patients with shock and gastrointestinal bleeding or stigmata of recent hemorrhage. AB - Forty cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were studied. Twenty-three patients had shock and active bleeding (3 spurting, 12 oozing and 2 a clot with oozing) or stigmata of recent hemorrhage (4 with a clot and 2 with a visible vessel). Nineteen of these were submitted to endoscopic injection. In 4 cases with multiple acute hemorrhagic lesions and shock, and in 17 patients with stigmata of recent bleeding without shock, the technique was not carried out. None of the patients had a rebleed. One patient was submitted to surgery 24 hours after injection for a large acute gastric ulcer in the process of perforating, and died of pulmonary embolism 4 days later. No technique-related complications were observed. We believe endoscopic injection treatment might be the technique of choice in patients with shock and active bleeding or stigmata of recent hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 3500039 TI - Diffuse gastric antral vascular ectasia: cause of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. AB - In a patient with long-standing iron deficiency anemia, diffuse gastric antral vascular ectasia was found endoscopically. Diagnostic problems were the misinterpretation of the macroscopic finding as hemorrhagic inflammation and the microscopic confirmation of the diagnosis from small biopsy particles. Resection of the antrum resulted in a persistent normalization of hematologic parameters. Focal ischemia due to microthrombi in mucosal vessels might be the cause of the tendency of this vascular malformation to bleed. PMID- 3500040 TI - Outcome of treatment in 35 cases of guttural pouch mycosis. AB - This paper describes the outcome of treatment of 30 cases of guttural pouch mycosis by ligation of the internal carotid artery on the cardiac side of the lesion and lavage of the affected pouch with natamycin. Twenty-three horses recovered fully following this treatment while laryngeal hemiplegia persisted in one case and slight dysphagia caused by pharyngeal hemiplegia in another. The remaining five horses died or were destroyed. Five horses with guttural pouch mycosis, which had shown no epistaxis but had pharyngeal hemiplegia, were treated by topical natamycin alone. Only two of these survived, of which one remained slightly dysphagic. Ligation of the internal carotid artery of the cardiac side of the lesion is an effective means of reducing the chance of fatal epistaxis in cases of guttural pouch mycosis. Some cases of pharyngeal hemiplegia can make a complete recovery although it may take 12 to 18 months. PMID- 3500041 TI - Human CSF-1: gene structure and alternative splicing of mRNA precursors. AB - Bone marrow progenitor cells differentiate into mononuclear phagocytes in the presence of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Characterization of the human CSF-1 gene shows that it contains 10 exons and 9 introns, which span 20 kb. Analysis of multiple CSF-1 transcripts demonstrates that alternate use of exon 6 splice acceptor sites and 3' noncoding sequence exons occurs. These alternatively spliced transcripts can encode either a 224 or a 522 amino acid CSF-1. Implications of differential splicing for the production and function of CSF-1 are discussed. PMID- 3500043 TI - Radiation-induced micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of Rana catesbeiana: an aquatic animal model for in vivo genotoxicity studies. AB - An in vivo micronucleus assay for peripheral erythrocytes of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles was developed and evaluated. The assay was used to determine the spontaneous frequency of micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes in tadpoles from two different populations, to define the time from administering the clastogen to the maximum micronucleus frequency in peripheral erythrocytes, and to determine the response to radiation. The spontaneous frequency of micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes of early-stage tadpoles was low (3.6 +/- 2.8 micronuclei per 1,000 erythrocytes, MN o/oo), but higher than that of late-stage tadpoles (1.7 +/- 0.7 MN o/oo). The time from the exposure of early-stage tadpoles to radiation (2.1 Gy) to the maximum micronucleus frequency was about 2 wk. The increase in frequency of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of late-stage tadpoles receiving doses ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 Gy was linear with dose; a 3 fold increase was obtained with a dose of 3.0 Gy. The spontaneous frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes and the increase in frequency induced by radiation appeared to differ in tadpoles from different populations. Quantification of micronuclei in the peripheral erythrocytes of R catesbeiana tadpoles provides a promising whole-animal system for studies of genotoxicity in aquatic environments. PMID- 3500042 TI - The human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene is transcribed from two different promoters in macrophages and hepatocytes. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of expression of the human alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) gene in macrophages, we have characterized the alpha 1 AT transcriptional units in these cells and discovered that there is a macrophage specific promoter located approximately 2000 bp upstream of the hepatocyte specific promoter. Transcription from the two alpha 1-AT promoters is mutually exclusive: the macrophage promoter is silent in hepatocytes and the hepatocyte promoter is silent in macrophages. In addition, in macrophages two distinct mRNAs are generated transcript by alternative splicing. These results suggest that alpha 1-AT gene transcription responds to two different cell-specific regulatory mechanisms. PMID- 3500045 TI - Leisure-time physical activity is inversely related to risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged Finnish men. AB - Coronary risk factors and levels of physical activity at leisure were measured in a random sample of 3975 men 25-64 years of age residing in four areas of Finland. An index of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as the product of weekly exercise sessions times their usual intensity (expressed as metabolic equivalents) was computed. It showed a graded, inverse association with mean arterial blood pressure, smoking and serum thiocyanate, coronary heart disease risk estimate (combining blood pressure, total cholesterol and smoking), and a nonlinear favorable association with serum lipoproteins. In multiple regression analysis, LTPA contributed significantly and independently to the variation in mean arterial pressure; the standardized regression coefficients were -0.06 for LTPA, 0.09 for weekly alcohol consumption, 0.25 for body mass index, 0.25 for age. In the regression of coronary risk estimate, the standardized regression coefficients were -0.19 for LTPA, 0.22 for weekly alcohol consumption, 0.09 for body mass index, 0.15 for age. There was no evidence that LTPA above 2000 kcal of weekly energy expenditure was associated with further reduced coronary risk factor levels. These findings thus support the inverse direction of the association between exercise and coronary risk factors but they also point towards an independent, but modest, role of leisure-time physical activity as a determinant of coronary risk estimate and blood pressure. PMID- 3500044 TI - Structural and dynamical comparison of alpha, beta and gamma forms of murine epidermal growth factor. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) purified by the method of Savage and Cohen allows resolution of four forms of the protein hormone: alpha, beta, gamma and delta. alpha-mEGF, the major form isolated by HPLC, is the parent mEGF originally sequenced by Savage and Cohen, and beta-mEGF is des-asparaginyl1-alpha-mEGF. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate structural and dynamical differences among the alpha, beta and gamma forms of the peptide. Based on these data, gamma-mEGF can be tentatively identified as des-Asn1, Ser2-mEGF. Comparative nuclear Overhauser experiments on amide and aromatic proton resonances suggest that there are significant conformational changes in the peptide structure on cleavage of the N-terminal residues. Backbone amide proton/deuteron exchange rates in gamma-mEGF and beta-mEGF are significantly faster than those in alpha-mEGF suggesting that structural dynamics are enhanced in the minor forms; this interpretation is supported by the decrease in Tyr(2,6) (3,5) intraresidue NOE magnitudes on going from alpha to beta to gamma forms. These data suggest that the average conformations of beta and gamma-mEGF favor a more open or denatured state of the protein and that the N terminus is critical to the structural integrity of the parent protein. PMID- 3500046 TI - The effect of coronary revascularization on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. AB - From the data available so far it is apparent that in patients with stable angina, bypass graft surgery is not associated with any change in ventricular premature complexes or complex ventricular arrhythmias at rest or during exercise over a 1-5 year follow-up period despite the evidence of a substantial relief of exercise-induced ischaemia persisting for 5 years. In addition, ventricular arrhythmias are not predictive of sudden death except in a few patients, in whom ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation during exercise-induced ischaemia could be documented. Such exercise-induced arrhythmias appear to have a poor prognosis, unless the ischaemia is relieved by bypass surgery. The available literature suggests that ventricular arrhythmias at rest or during exercise in patients following bypass surgery are not related to ischaemia but to other unknown factors. Electrical instability during exercise may be caused by other factors rather than by ischaemia, and this phenomenon should be further investigated. PMID- 3500047 TI - The prevalence rate of cerebrovascular disease in Patras, Greece. A direct epidemiological study. AB - In a direct (door-to-door) epidemiological study, the prevalence rate of cerebrovascular disease in Patras, Greece, was found to be 1,417 strokes per 100,000 inhabitants over 20 years of age. This number is approximately two times higher than the prevalence rate found in other countries by other authors. The possible responsible factors for this difference are discussed. PMID- 3500048 TI - High-dose folinic acid (HDFA) combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in first line chemotherapy of advanced large bowel cancer. AB - The therapeutic activity of 5-FU in large bowel cancer is enhanced by increasing the intracellular pool of reduced folates. We treated 45 patients with advanced colon cancer with HDFA and 5-FU for 5 consecutive days. None had been given previous radio- or chemotherapy. All had measurable disease. Not one complete response was observed. Thirteen of the 39 evaluable patients showed partial response. Median duration of response was 9+ months. The probability of 50% survival was 15 months for all evaluable patients. There was no case of severe toxicity and the principal toxic effects were oral mucositis and diarrhea. To date, HDFA + 5-FU is one of the most effective treatments for large bowel cancer. PMID- 3500049 TI - HPLC micromethod for simultaneous measurement of estradiol, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptor levels. Application to breast cancer biopsies. AB - Estradiol (ER), progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were assayed in 25 breast cancer tumors. The tissue was pulverized and homogenized in buffer, then divided into two parts: one was assayed by the standard dextran-coated charcoal method (DCC), with Scatchard plot analysis, the other was assayed by a micromethod developed in our laboratory, as described below: --incubation of the cytosol with several ligands (labelled and unlabelled) selected to avoid unwanted cross-reactions --DCC separation, followed by extraction of all receptor-bound steroids by precipitation of proteins with methanol/TCA --separation of these steroids on a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column using a methanol/water solvent --collection of the fractions of the column outlet and counting. Use of three labelled ligands and appropriate unlabelled ligands allowed assays of the four receptors. This micromethod was highly correlated with the standard method: ER = 0.985 (P less than 0.001); PR = 0.999 (P greater than 0.001); AR = 0.989 (P less than 0.001); GR = 0.867 (P less than 0.001). Thresholds of positivity were not modified. This micromethod allowed simultaneous measurement of several receptors in 40 mg biopsy specimens and can be applied to other hormone-dependent tissues. PMID- 3500050 TI - Immunomodulation of natural killer activity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Modulation of NK activity of PBLs from ALL patients was studied following exposure to IFN-alpha, staphylococcal protein A and interleukin-2. Only 52% of ALL patients responded to IFN-alpha stimulation, where the majority of controls showed positive enhancement of NK activity. Protein A failed to cause a significant stimulation of ALL patient PBLs whereas all controls showed a positive response. The majority of ALL patient and child control PBLs were however able to produce significant levels of IFN-gamma (protein A stimulation) and IFN-alpha (Sendai virus stimulation), although significantly more of both types of interferon could be induced in adult PBL samples. The ability of IL-2 to activate NK activity of ALL PBL samples showed a similar trend to IFN-alpha stimulation; thus, not all ALL patients showed positive augmentation of NK activity upon IL-2 stimulation. It is clear from these results that interferons and IL-2 may not necessarily lead to activated NK cytolytic activity, and in the present study approx. 50% of ALL patients failed to respond to lymphokine stimulation. PMID- 3500052 TI - Expression of the FMC7 antigen in cases of B-lymphoproliferative diseases. PMID- 3500051 TI - Methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate pharmacokinetics following intravenous bolus administration and high-dose infusion of methotrexate. AB - The pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate were studied in patients undergoing very high-dose methotrexate monotherapy. The patients received, first, two methotrexate intravenous bolus test doses (50 mg/m2) one with and one without concomitant administration of folinic acid (15 mg every 6 h) in a random sequence, and, second, an 8 h infusion, individualized to achieve a peak plasma concentration of 5 X 10(-4) M methotrexate (infusion rates greater than 1000 mg/h). Methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and the data were analysed simultaneously by an integrated pharmacokinetic model. Following test dose administration, methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate plasma concentration kinetics were best described by assuming that methotrexate elimination (and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate formation) occurred from a peripheral compartment reaching rapid equilibrium with the plasma. Folinic acid administration did not influence the disposition of either compound. Following the infusion, a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease of methotrexate total plasmatic clearance occurred without modification of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate formation and elimination. PMID- 3500053 TI - Identification of a novel 45-kDa cell surface molecule involved in activation of the human Jurkat T cell line. AB - This report describes a surface molecule, Tp45, which appears to be involved in interleukin 2 production and Ca2+ mobilization by Jurkat cells. The Tp45 molecule was identified by a monoclonal antibody, MX13, on the surface of either T3/TCR+ or T3/TCR- human T cell lines. Biochemical data showed that mAb MX13 precipitated a single polypeptide chain of 45 kDa both under reduced and nonreduced conditions from lysates of 125I-surface-labeled cells. Sequential immunodepletion experiments using lysates of 125I-labeled T3/TCR+ cells showed that Tp45 was distinct from the alpha chain of the TCR complex. However, incubation of such cells with either anti-T3 or anti-TCR monoclonal antibody induced complete modulation of both the T3/TCR complex and Tp45. Conversely, complete modulation of both Tp45 and the T3/TCR complex was observed after incubation with anti-Tp45 antibody. Functional studies showed that anti-Tp45 antibody induced high levels of interleukin 2 production in Jurkat cells. In addition, incubation of these cells with the antibody resulted in Ca2+ mobilization from internal stores. Anti Tp45 antibody reacted with 3-19% peripheral blood (E-rosette-positive) T cells in individual donors. The magnitude of the proliferative response elicited by anti Tp45 antibody for peripheral blood T cells was lower than that induced by an anti T3 antibody. This observation is compatible with the idea that only a subpopulation of T cells is reactive with anti-Tp45. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis showed that the Tp45+ cells belong preferentially to the T8 subset. PMID- 3500054 TI - Production of hybridoma growth factor by human monocytes. AB - Human mononuclear leukocytes produce a growth factor (HGF) for hybridoma and plasmacytoma cells. HGF has recently been proven to be identical to IFN-beta 2, 26-kDa protein and BSF-2. HGF can be quantitated in a proliferation assay with the HGF-dependent hybridoma cell line B13.29. By selection of an extremely sensitive variant of this cell line, we were able to measure HGF production of single cells. Limiting dilution analysis of the producing cells in combination with size, density and adherence characteristics showed that HGF is produced by monocytes and not by lymphocytes. There was no need for the monocytes to be stimulated but the cells did require the presence of serum. This serum requirement could be met by purified bovine serum albumin, but not by other proteins like ovalbumin or human gamma-globulin. HGF production in vitro by monocytes starts after 2 h of incubation and is completed within 24 h. PMID- 3500055 TI - High-affinity binding sites for human 26-kDa protein (interleukin 6, B cell stimulatory factor-2, human hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor, interferon-beta 2), different from those of type I interferon (alpha, beta), on lymphoblastoid cells. AB - The human 26-kDa glycoprotein (26K) is a cytokine produced by lymphoid as well as nonlymphoid cells. So far it is active as (a) a potent hybridoma and plasmacytoma growth factor on mouse cells, (b) a B cell differentiating factor on human cells, and (c) (for some authors) an interferon (IFN). Internally labeled recombinant human 26K, obtained by translation of mRNA in Xenopus oocytes, was used to investigate the presence of specific receptors for this new cytokine and to analyze its binding to responsive cells. The results indicate that (a) the 26K responsive human lymphoblastoid CESS cells express about 1500 high-affinity (Kd = 30 pM) binding sites for this cytokine, (b) this binding is not competed for by interleukin (IL)1, IL2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IFN-alpha 2, IFN-beta or IFN gamma, and (c) these 26K-binding sites are different from the classical type I (alpha-beta) IFN receptors by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 3500056 TI - A phenotypically dominant regulatory mechanism suppresses major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression in a murine plasmacytoma. AB - The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens is down-regulated when B cells differentiate into plasma cells. We have studied the mechanism of down-regulation of MHC class II expression in a BALB/c strain derived murine plasmacytoma cell line, NS1. NS1 cells express MHC class I antigens but not MHC class II antigens. We tested 20 uncloned hybrid cell lines obtained from the fusion of NS1 cells with MHC class II-expressing splenic B cells prepared from CBA, SJL or BALB/c mice. All the hybrid cell lines expressed MHC class I antigens of either or both parental haplotypes but did not express MHC class II. One NS1 X splenic B cell hybrid clone, K3, was used to further validate these results; K3 cells expressed MHC class I but not MHC class II antigens. K3 was fused to the MHC class II-expressing B lymphoma A20, and the seven resulting hybrid cell lines were again found to express MHC class I but not MHC class II antigens. Since NS1 is a subclone of the P3-X63Ag8 murine plasmacytoma, we also tested one P3-X63Ag8 x splenic B cell hybrid, Sp2/0, and two Sp2/0 x splenic B cell hybrids. All were found to express the appropriate MHC class I antigens but did not express MHC class II. Thus, our results suggest that the NS1 plasmacytoma suppresses MHC class II expression by a phenotypically dominant regulatory mechanism. We found that NS1 cells express correctly sized mRNA for the MHC class II genes A alpha, E alpha and the invariant chain. The co expression of MHC class I protein and I-A and I-E region gene transcripts provides strong evidence that the MHC gene cluster is structurally intact, and that lack of class II expression is due to a genetic regulatory mechanism. The amounts of class II mRNA expressed by NS1 cells were at least equivalent to those found in splenic lymphocytes. Therefore, this regulation must operate post transcriptionally. PMID- 3500057 TI - The human mononuclear phagocyte high-affinity Fc receptor, FcRI, defined by a monoclonal antibody, 10.1. AB - The properties of the mononuclear phagocyte (Mph) high-affinity Fc receptor, FcRI, were investigated using a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated 10.1. This receptor was shown to be a protein of 71 kDa, presented chiefly on monocytes and the myeloid cell lines U937 and HL60. mAb 10.1 inhibited the binding to Mph of erythrocytes opsonized with rabbit IgG or human IgG3. It also blocked T cell proliferation induced by murine CD3 mAb of the IgG2a but not the IgG1 subclass. These results suggest that rabbit IgG, human IgG3 and murine IgG2a all bind to FcRI in a similar manner and that mAb 10.1 reacts with an epitope on FcRI near to the binding site for the Fc region of IgG. In addition, although it is well known that FcRI has a high affinity for both monomeric human IgG1 and IgG3, we show in this study that while erythrocytes opsonized with human IgG3 bind to Mph, equivalent cells opsonized with IgG1 surprisingly do not. These results define further the nature of the constraints on the interaction between Mph FcRI and particular IgGs. PMID- 3500058 TI - Two monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodies can induce different events in human T lymphocyte activation. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies, WT32 and CLB-T3/4.2a, directed against the CD3 complex were used to study the mechanism of activation of human peripheral T lymphocytes. WT32, a mouse monoclonal IgG2a antibody with a low avidity (much less than OKT3) for the CD3 complex, effectively induces mitogenesis of purified T lymphocytes when used in the 1 ng-10 micrograms range in the presence of monocytes or recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2). In contrast, CLB-T3/4.2a, a mouse monoclonal antibody of the same isotype with a high avidity (much greater than OKT3) for the CD3 complex, induces IL2 receptor expression and IL2 responsiveness only at very low concentrations (less than 5 ng/ml), yet in the presence of monocytes this antibody induces proliferation within a similar dose range as WT32. Apparently, in the absence of accessory cells which can cross-link the antibody CD3 complexes, the binding properties (avidity) of an antibody and thereby the number of receptors that are occupied are important parameters for induction of IL2 responsiveness. Furthermore, we show that Ca2+ mobilization only occurs when the cells are stimulated by saturating amounts of antibody, so that, when the conditions are optimal for the induction of IL2 responsiveness, no Ca2+ mobilization will be detected. PMID- 3500059 TI - In vivo effect of murine recombinant interleukin 3 on early hemopoietic progenitors. AB - Normal and irradiated mice were perfused with recombinant interleukin 3 (rIL3) and the number of early hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-S) was quantified in different organs. Normal mice perfused with rIL3 for 3 or 7 days showed a dramatic increase in the number of CFU-S in the spleen, liver and blood, while the bone marrow CFU-S number was slightly decreased. The total number of CFU-S per animal was only slightly increased; the major effect of rIL3 perfusion was thus on the distribution of CFU-S in the mice. Lethally irradiated mice injected with 5 X 10(4) syngeneic bone marrow cells and perfused with rIL3 were killed after 10 days. A significant increase in both the number and size of the splenic colonies was observed. The CFU-S content of these colonies, determined in a second set of irradiated mice, was increased by more than 25-fold, indicating that in conditions of hemopoietic depletion, rIL3 vastly increased the self renewal capacity of early progenitors. PMID- 3500060 TI - Recognition by major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes of cells expressing vaccinia-encoded viral and class I proteins. AB - Target cells expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) could be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in conjunction with the murine major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, H-2Kd, when both antigens were encoded by recombinant vaccinia virus. This recognition occurred if HA and H-2Kd were encoded by separate vaccinia viruses following dual infection of target cells or if HA and H-2Kd were encoded by a single recombinant virus. In contrast, target cells expressing nucleoprotein (NP) were only recognized by H-2Kd restricted CTL if both NP and H-2Kd were encoded by the same vaccinia virus. These results show that the requirements for association of H-2Kd with different viral antigens derived from HA or NP can vary. Possible factors contributing to this difference are discussed. PMID- 3500061 TI - The internal image-like anti-idiotypic response to a CD3-specific monoclonal antibody in primates is dependent on the T cell-binding properties of the injected antibody. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies used for therapeutic purposes generally elicit a strong antibody response. A large proportion of this response is specific for the idiotype of the injected monoclonal antibody. The CD3 T cell antigen is polymorphic in rhesus monkeys. A monoclonal antibody, FN18, which detects this polymorphism was used to analyze the immune response to FN18 in FN18+ and FN18- animals. The results of this study show that the internal image-like anti idiotypic response predominantly occurs in FN18+ animals. This suggests that this type of anti-idiotypic response is limited to cell-binding monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3500062 TI - CD43 monoclonal antibodies recognize the large sialoglycoprotein of human leukocytes. AB - In this study data are presented indicating that the molecule identified by the recently described CD43 cluster of monoclonal antibodies (mAb; Oxford, 1986) is the human analogue to the one originally described in rat as leukocyte sialoglycoprotein (LSGP). This conclusion is based on several criteria. Both molecular mass (105 kDa) and cellular distribution are similar to the antigens previously described in the rat with the mAb W3/13 and subsequently in humans with L10 mAb. Sialidase treatment of the molecule immunoprecipitated by 84-3C1 mAb (CD43) resulted in a decreased electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. L10 mAb inhibited the binding of 84 3C1 mAb to the cell membrane suggesting that both mAb recognized the same molecule. Moreover, the presence in the CD3-4-8- thymic populations of the sialidase-sensitive epitope recognized by mAb 84-3C1 suggests that there is no simple correlation between the thymic maturation and the degree of sialylation. PMID- 3500063 TI - Synergistic interaction between interleukin 4 and anti-Bp50 (CDw40) revealed in a novel B cell restimulation assay. AB - Highly purified resting B lymphocytes stimulated for 3 days to high-rate DNA synthesis by a synergistic combination of phorbol dibutyrate and ionomycin soon returned to quiescence once those signals had been removed. The maintenance of DNA synthesis in such cultures was found to provide a sensitive assay for revealing the factors that interact with cycling B cells. Whereas several activities-namely, interleukin 4, anti-Bp50 and a low molecular weight B cell growth factor-were, by themselves, capable of prolonging DNA synthesis over a further day or so, no single factor was capable of sustaining the replication cycle out to day 6 of culture. By contrast, certain combinations of activities displayed significant synergy in the restimulation assay. The most striking observed was that between interleukin 4 and anti-Bp50 where, by day 6, their combined effect on maintaining DNA synthesis in 3-day stimulated cells was the same as having kept phorbol dibutyrate and ionomycin in the culture system. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 3500064 TI - Idiotype switching of CD4-specific monoclonal antibodies can prolong the therapeutic effectiveness in spite of host anti-mouse IgG antibodies. AB - Immunotherapy using murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is limited by the host anti-mouse IgG response. Previous investigations demonstrated that a large proportion of the anti-mouse response was specific for idiotypic determinants of the mAb. This study demonstrates the feasibility of idiotype switching of therapeutic mAb to evade this anti-idiotype response. In this way prolongation of the therapeutic effectiveness of mAb treatment can be achieved. Using different CD4-specific mAb consecutively in rhesus monkeys it was possible to obtain therapeutic effectiveness in spite of host anti-mouse IgG antibodies, provided that no anti-idiotypic antibodies were present. Anti-constant part antibodies may even enhance therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 3500065 TI - T cell activation by processed antigen is equally blocked by I-E and I-A restricted immunodominant peptides. AB - The T cell response to a soluble protein requires the processing of the native antigen by an antigen-presenting cell (APC) to a peptide containing an antigenic determinant, which is transported to and bound on the antigen-presenting cell surface, where it is subsequently recognized by the specific T cell in the context of the appropriate Ia molecule. Investigating the response of a pigeon cytochrome c-specific, I-Ek-restricted T cell hybrid, which recognizes a determinant present within a 10-amino acid C-terminal fragment of the protein, it was previously demonstrated that peptides homologous to the peptide from pigeon cytochrome c, but which were not stimulatory, blocked the T cell response to pigeon cytochrome c as processed and presented by APC. In this report the ability of a series of fourteen, 20-amino acid overlapping peptides, representing the entire length of staphylococcal nuclease (Nase), were assessed for their ability to block the response of a pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid to antigen pulsed presenting cells. Only three Nase peptides blocked the I-Ek-restricted pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell response. Two of these, Nase 61-80 and Nase 91-110, function as T cell antigens in the I-Ad and I-Ab-restricted response to Nase. The third blocking peptide, Nase 101-120, has not been shown to be a T cell antigen. Two other peptides, Nase 51-70 and Nase 81-100, which are recognized by Nase-specific T cells in the context of I-Ek, have no effect on the I-Ek restricted cytochrome c-specific T cell response. None of these peptides block the higher affinity, heteroclitic response of pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cells to tobacco hornworm moth cytochrome c. Moreover, the response of an I-Ak restricted T cell to ovalbumin was blocked by the I-Ek-restricted cytochrome c peptides from three different species. Thus, peptides with no obvious primary amino acid sequence homology, and which are not capable of being recognized in the context of the same Ia, compete with one another for the sites on the APC necessary for presentation of processed antigen to T cells. These results suggest that there are structures on the APC surface in addition to Ia, which are necessary for effective antigen presentation following processing. One suitable candidate for such a cell surface material is the recently identified peptide binding protein, PBP72/74 (Lakey et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987. 84: 1659). PMID- 3500066 TI - Induction of specific immunity to human colon carcinoma by anti-idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibody CO17-1A. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) CO17-1A (Ab1), which defines an antigen associated with human colon carcinoma, were produced in goats. The Ab2 inhibited binding of Ab1 to colon carcinoma cells, and purified tumor antigen inhibited binding of Ab1 to Ab2. The Ab2 elicited in rabbits anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) that bound to cultured human cells of various tissue origins with a binding pattern identical to that of Ab1. Moreover, both Ab1 and Ab3 bound to the isolated tumor antigen, and the Ab3 lysed human colon carcinoma cells in culture in the presence of rabbit complement. Thus, Ab2 raised to mAb CO17-1A are candidates for use in immunotherapy trials in cancer patients. PMID- 3500067 TI - Peripheral effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its main metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in the rat. AB - The effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its main metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ion (MPP+) on catecholamine concentrations was tested in some peripheral organs of the rat. Acute injection of either compound caused a marked depletion of heart noradrenaline (NA). MPP+ had more effect than the parent compound. MPTP had no effect on adrenal catecholamines while its metabolite was effective, but only after several hours. Repeated MPTP and MPP+ injections (20 mg/kg X 5) resulted in marked depletion of heart NA and adrenal gland adrenaline. Clear recovery was observed in both organs 10 days after treatment. PMID- 3500068 TI - Reciprocal effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor beta on the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. AB - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) on the growth of A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were studied. Whereas the monolayer growth of A431 cells was inhibited by EGF, it was stimulated by TGF beta. Contrary to the effects on the monolayer growth, EGF stimulated the soft agar growth of A431 cells. The stimulatory effects of TGF beta on the anchorage dependent growth were antagonized by EGF and those of EGF on anchorage independent growth were antagonized by TGF beta. These results suggest that both factors not only convey the proliferative signals to A431 cells but also induce phenotypic changes, resulting in a preference for either anchorage-dependent or anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, as the stimulatory effects of EGF on the soft agar growth of A431 cells paralleled its reported stimulatory effects on their in vivo growth, it is also suggested that in vivo responses of cells to certain growth factors may correlate better with their responses in soft agar culture than with those in monolayer culture. PMID- 3500069 TI - Pattern of antibiotic and heavy-metal ion resistance in recent hospital isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Two hundred and one strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from in-patients and out-patients were examined for sensitivity to antibiotics, heavy-metal ions and ethidium bromide and for phage-typing pattern. Heavy-metal ion resistance was less frequent than reported in previous studies and was as frequent in penicillinase non-producing as producing strains. 'Methicillin-resistant' strains were resistance to ethidium bromide and mercury. Resistance to heavy-metal ions, including cadmium, may be becoming less common amongst clinical isolates of S. aureus. PMID- 3500070 TI - Modulation of the production of leukemia associated inhibitor (LAI) and its interaction with granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells. AB - Leukemia associated inhibitor, LAI, reversibly inhibits DNA synthesis in normal human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). LAI is produced by myeloid leukemia cells, a subpopulation of normal nonadherent low-density mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow, as well as by the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60. Normal low-density marrow cell absorbed LAI at 37 degrees C from HL-60 cell-conditioned medium. When normal marrow cells were treated with trypsin or chymotrypsin they lost their capacity to absorb LAI and also became insensitive to the inhibitory effect of LAI. These observations were taken as circumstantial evidence for the existence of a trypsin-sensitive LAI receptor on normal marrow cells, including CFU-GM. Glucocorticoid steroids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone) inhibited LAI production by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, normal LAI-producing cells, and HL-60 cells. The fact that prostaglandin E1 (PGE) totally inhibited LAI production by normal cells and that indomethacin abrogated the inhibitory effect of adherent cells on LAI production suggested a role for adherent monocytic cells and PGE in the regulation of LAI production. PMID- 3500071 TI - Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure and outflow from the lateral ventricles during development of congenital hydrocephalus in the H-Tx rat. AB - Rats from the H-Tx strain develop hydrocephalus at 19 or 21 days gestation, and were used to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure and resistance to absorption at different ages between 19 days gestation and 21 days after birth. The results were compared with earlier experiments on normal rats from a different strain. The resting pressure of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles of hydrocephalic rats was not elevated above normal up to 10 days after birth, but by 21 days the pressure was nearly twice that of normal rats. Resting pressure measured from the cisterna magna was not significantly different from lateral ventricle pressure. In hydrocephalic rats the resistance to outflow from the lateral ventricles measured by constant-rate infusion, was the same as for normal rats at 19 days gestation but subsequently increased to a value above normal at 1 day after birth. This high resistance was maintained throughout the postnatal period without the postnatal decline seen in normal rats. Resistance to absorption from the cisterna magna, on the other hand, was similar to that in normal rats of the same age. Thus the results of these experiments showed that in the H-Tx strain, cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased only in the late stages of hydrocephalus and that the condition is associated with a reduction in outflow from the ventricular system. PMID- 3500072 TI - Assessment of salvage pathways utilized for incorporation of exogenous pyrimidine nucleosides into DNA of guinea pig lymphocytes stimulated by Con A. AB - The organization of specific pyrimidine pathways to channel various nucleoside precursors into DNA is poorly understood. We show that concanavalin A-stimulated guinea pig lymphocytes incorporate [3H]dThd, [3H]dCyd, [3H]dUrd, [3H]Cyd and [3H]Urd into DNA-thymines and DNA-cytosines in a highly conserved distribution pattern. DNA-thymines were labeled only by dThd and dUrd, while DNA-cytosines were labeled only by dCyd, Cyd and Urd. The kinetics for the incorporation of the [3H]nucleosides were essentially identical, indicating equivalent abilities to measure DNA synthesis. Pyrazofurin inhibition of the pyrimidine de novo synthetic pathway inhibited cell proliferation and the levels of [3H]nucleoside incorporation by approx. 50%, but did not alter restricted distribution of the [3H]nucleosides among DNA-thymines and DNA-cytosines. These findings indicate the absence of Cyd and dCMP deaminase salvage pathways and suggest either subcellular compartmentalization or differential regulation of ribonucleoside diphosphoreductase which permits reduction of CDP but not UDP. PMID- 3500073 TI - [Determination of complement level and T-lymphocyte count in patients with chronic periapical granuloma]. PMID- 3500074 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and its measurement in the plasma of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects]. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a peptide recently found by recombinant DNA and molecular biological techniques in rat medullary thyroid carcinoma cells, but its physiological role(s) is unknown. We established a radioimmunoassay for this peptide using human-CGRP (1-37) as a standard, 125I-human-CGRP (1-37) as a tracer, and anti-rat-CGRP (28-37) serum as a first antibody. Aprotinin, an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes in the plasma, was also added to the assay system, because in its absence the tracer was degraded during incubation with plasma samples. The sensitivity of the assay was 60 pg/ml and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 6.0% and 8.5%, respectively. The recovery was 105 +/- 17%. The plasma levels of CGRP in 17 normal subjects (mean +/- S.D. age, 45 +/- 12 years) were all below 300 pg/ml, the mean level being 132 +/- 77 pg/ml. The levels were also below 300 pg/ml in 20 of 21 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, but one patient who had a high level of 942 pg/ml (mean value, 142 +/- 193 pg/ml). There was no significant difference between the mean plasma levels of CGRP in normal subjects and patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. The mean plasma levels of CGRP in 5 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma did not increase in response to infusion of either 4.3 mg/kg of calcium in 10 minutes or 4 micrograms/kg of tetragastrin in 5 minutes, although the plasma levels of calcitonin in these patients increased markedly during these provocation tests. The levels of CGRP in the cerebrospinal fluid of 16 normal volunteers were all below the detectable limit (less than 60 pg/ml). These findings suggest that fewer patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma than reported previously have high plasma levels of CGRP, either in the basal state or in response to calcium or gastrin, and that the levels of CGRP in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects are very low. PMID- 3500075 TI - A hazard model analysis of the covariates of marriage dissolution in Canada. PMID- 3500076 TI - Stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes and induction of interleukin 2 production by a lectin from the gonad of the sea hare, Aplysia fasciata. AB - The lectin from gonads of the sea hare, Aplysia fasciata, which reacts with D galacturonic acid and D-galactose derivatives, was purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B. The purified lectin was shown to stimulate human peripheral blood lymphocytes and to induce interleukin 2 production like PHA. These activities were specifically inhibited by D-galactose and neutralized galacturonic acid (not by glucuronic acid). The rate of lymphocyte proliferation was similar at 72 and 96 hours in culture. The main stimulation was observed in the T lymphocyte population obtained by rosette formation with sheep red blood cells. PMID- 3500077 TI - Characteristics of heterologous anti lizard (Calotes versicolor) thymocyte serum which identify the functions of thymus-derived cell lineage. AB - In an attempt to study the functions of thymus derived cell lineage, two different heterologous anti-lizard thymocyte sera (ATS i.v. & ATS i.p) were raised by immunizing rabbits with viable thymocytes of Calotes versicolor. Cytotoxicity assay, nylon wool fractionation and thymectomy were employed to assess the effect of these ATS on lymphoid cells of the lizards. The results revealed that ATS i.v. contained minimum amount of irrelevant antibodies than ATS i.p; non-adherent splenocytes were enriched with ATS sensitive cells, whereas the adherent with SIg+; adult thymectomy decreased ATS sensitive cells in spleens and the density of thymic antigen (identified by the ATS) in splenic thymus derived cell lineage was much higher than on thymocytes themselves. The cells of thymic lineage identified by the ATS thus resemble those of higher vertebrates. PMID- 3500078 TI - Ontogeny of cholinergic innervation of thymus in mouse. AB - In this study, identification of cholinergic nerves in the murine thymic rudiments during ontogenetic development, by immunonocytochemical localization of the enzyme cholin acetyltransferase (ChAT) was carried out. Fetal thymic rudiments from day 13 of gestation to the time of birth, and upto 8th post natal week were examined. Contrary to the earlier reports, the results indicate that the thymic rudiment is not innervated during early ontogenetic development and that the first ChAT positive nerve profiles were observed at around day 17/18 of gestation. Significance of cholinergic innervation in thymocyte maturation is suggested. PMID- 3500079 TI - Trigeminal ganglion cells cocultured with gut express vasoactive intestinal peptide. AB - The plasticity of neural crest cells for the expression of adrenergic and cholinergic transmitter phenotypes has been well studied. The object of this study was to determine if cells of a sensory ganglion are capable of neuropeptide transmitter plasticity. We studied whether cells of the trigeminal ganglion, which do not express the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in vivo, would express this peptide when grown with a tissue the gut, that contains large numbers of VIP neurons. Embryonic aneural chick rectum was explanted with the embryonic quail trigeminal ganglion on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick hosts for 7-8 days. The explants were fixed, sectioned, and stained for VIP immunoreactivity (IR), for neurofilament protein immunoreactivity, and for the quail nucleolar marker. In sections of the explants we observed two populations of quail neurons: small (10-13 microns) VIP-IR cells and large (25-32 microns) cells lacking VIP-IR and resembling native trigeminal neurons. Trigeminal ganglia explanted with embryonic heart or trigeminal ganglia explanted alone lacked small VIP-IR cells but contained large VIP-negative neurons. These results show that cells of the trigeminal ganglion grown with the gut can express a neuropeptide they do not express in the absence of the gut or in vivo. Thus the embryonic trigeminal ganglion contains cells that are plastic with respect to neuropeptide expression. PMID- 3500080 TI - The effect of epidermal growth factor on neonatal incisor differentiation in the mouse. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cellular differentiation of the neonatal mouse mandibular incisor was examined autoradiographically using tritiated thymidine ([3H]TDR) and tritiated proline ([3H]PRO). On days 0 (day of birth), 1, and 2, EGF was administered (3 micrograms/g body wt) sc to neonates. Mice were killed on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 after birth and were injected with either [3H]TDR or [3H]PRO 1 hr before death. [3H]TDR was used to analyze cell proliferation in eight cell types in the developing mouse incisor including upper (lingual) and lower (buccal) pulpal fibroblasts, preodontoblasts, inner and outer enamel epithelial cells (IEE and OEE), stratum intermedium (SI), stellate reticulum (SR), and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. [3H]PRO was used to analyze protein synthesis in ameloblasts, and their secretion products (enamel and dentin), as well as PDL fibroblasts. The selected EGF injection scheme elicited acceleration of incisor eruption with minimal growth retardation. At Day 1, the upper and lower pulp, preodontoblasts, SI, and SR showed a significant decrease in labeling index (LI) 24 hr after a single EGF injection. After multiple injections (Days 0, 1, 2), two LI patterns were observed. In lower pulp, preodontoblasts, IEE, SI, SR, and OEE, a posteruptive change in LI was observed. In contrast, the upper pulp and PDL regions demonstrated a direct temporal relationship with eruption. Autoradiographic analysis with [3H]PRO indicated that EGF treatment caused significant increases in grain counts per unit area in ameloblast, odontoblast, and PDL regions studied. Significant differences were found in all four regions studied (ameloblasts, enamel, odontoblasts, dentin) at the 45-microns-tall ameloblast level as well as ameloblasts and odontoblasts at the 30-microns level at 13 days of age. The PDL demonstrated significant differences at all locations studied (base, 30 microns, 45 microns,) in 4-, 7-, and 13-day-old mice. Morphologically, EGF-treated groups demonstrated premature differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts at the light microscopic level. The data indicate that EGF alters DNA and protein synthesis as well as differentiation patterns during the eruption process. While EGF affects both DNA and protein synthesis, the alteration of differentiation may be secondary to mitogenic effects on proliferative compartments. In order to determine the cellular target for EGF within the newborn mouse incisor, in vivo 125I-EGF binding was analyzed autoradiographically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3500081 TI - In vitro comparative study of RU 28965 against organisms from oral and vaginal flora. AB - The Authors studied the activity of RU 28965, a new macrolide antibiotic, in comparison whith erytromycin, josamycin, miocamycin, ampicillin and rifampicin against oral streptococci (45 strains), coryneform bacteria (23 strains) and G. vaginalis (15 strains). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and the effect of inoculum size on MICs were determined. RU 28965 showed better activity than the other macrolides. The MICs of RU 28965 were eightfold higher than the corresponding MICs. The MICs of RU 28965 showed up to 10 fold increase by increasing the inoculum density from 10(3) to 10(7) CFU/ml. PMID- 3500082 TI - Social inequities in health: Rochester, New York. AB - This paper reports an investigation of social inequities in the distribution of low birth weight risks and mortality rates for Rochester, N.Y., a community reported to have relatively good access to medical care. The prevalence of low birth weight and no prenatal care were lower for each race/education group than those observed in comparable national data. Mortality rates were higher in the poorer areas for each sex, race, age group, and disease category. The excess mortality in the poorer areas declined significantly over the period studied for conditions amenable to medical care but not for conditions not amenable. In minorities, however, the excess mortality increased significantly for amenable conditions with no change for nonamenable conditions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the socially disadvantaged suffer an excess burden of morbidity and mortality. Access to medical care may make a significant contribution to reducing these inequities, but major barriers to equitable health and health care remain, particularly for minorities. This is an important but neglected area of concern for family medicine, and the implications are discussed. PMID- 3500083 TI - [Atrial fibrillation in patients after aortocoronary bypass. Correlation with electrophysiologic properties evaluated intraoperatively]. AB - An electrophysiologic study (EPS) has been performed before and after cardioplegia in 50 patients (pts) who underwent a coronary by-pass graft intervention (CBPG) in order to investigate the possible mechanism explaining the frequent episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) complicating the early follow-up and the possible role of the type of caval cannulation. Twenty-five pts underwent a separate caval cannulation and twenty-five only cannulation of the inferior vena cava. EPS has been performed before (34 degrees C) and after cardioplegia (37 degrees C). PAF complicated the 15 days early follow-up of 32% of the pts; 24% of the pts operated with 1 cannula and 40% of the operated with 2 cannulae respectively (N.S.). The pts with AF had an high percentage of splitting of the atrial signals during atrial premature stimulation (77% vs 5%, p less than 0.002) and a significant dispersion of the conduction times between high and low right atrium (36 +/- 21 vs vs 11 +/- 14 msec, p less than 0.002). In conclusion PAF has an high incidence in the early follow-up of CABG operation and occurs independently of the type of caval cannulation. The presence of a major dispersion of intra right atrial conduction together with an high incidence of fractionizing potentials already before cardioplegia in the pts with AF suggests that the atria with intrinsic conduction delays can be per se predisposed to develop atrial tachyarrhythmias during the early follow-up. PMID- 3500084 TI - [Function of the defense system in patients with primary neoplasms of the lung. Preliminary results]. PMID- 3500085 TI - [Plasma levels of iron, zinc and copper during antipyresis]. PMID- 3500086 TI - Selective biopsy of human Peyer's patches during ileal endoscopy. AB - During routine lower gastrointestinal endoscopy of children for suspected chronic inflammatory bowel disease, it is possible to visualize lymphoid follicles (Peyer's patches) in the last few centimeters of the terminal ileum. Biopsy specimens have been taken from these Peyer's patches and the lymphoid cells have been isolated by collagenase digestion. The mean cell yield of Peyer's patch cells was 1.7 x 10(8) lymphocytes/g tissue. Isolated Peyer's patch cells were 26% 54% CD3+ (pan T cells), 14%-34% CD4+ (helper/inducer T cells), and 9%-17% CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells). Twenty six percent to 48% of the Peyer's patch cells were B cells; less than 1% contained cytoplasmic immunoglobulin A. When stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen, cells from Peyer's patches proliferated. The successful isolation of functional cells from Peyer's patches will now allow studies to be done at the afferent limb of mucosal immunoregulation in humans. PMID- 3500087 TI - Relative efficacy and safety of absolute alcohol and 50% alcohol as variceal sclerosants. AB - Absolute alcohol and 50% alcohol were compared as sclerosants in 79 patients who underwent sclerotherapy for esophageal varices every 3 weeks with either of the solutions. Active variceal bleeding could be controlled more often (p less than 0.05) with absolute alcohol (93.3%) compared with 50% alcohol (53.8%). Variceal eradication could be achieved with absolute alcohol in a significantly shorter time with smaller amounts and fewer sclerotherapy sessions than with 50% alcohol. Except for a higher incidence of retrosternal pain and fever noted with the use of absolute alcohol, there was no significant difference in the incidence of various complications, rebleeding rate, or mortality between the two sclerosants. Absolute alcohol is a more effective and equally safe sclerosant compared with 50% alcohol. PMID- 3500088 TI - Endoscopic appearance of Wegener's granulomatosis involving the colon. PMID- 3500089 TI - Vasopressin in postpolypectomy bleeding. PMID- 3500090 TI - [Morphometric and immunologic characteristics of lymphocytes of patients with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 3500091 TI - [Cellular autohybridization in the etiology and pathogenesis of leukemia]. PMID- 3500092 TI - [Subvariants of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. PMID- 3500093 TI - Species- and tissue-specific expression of human alpha 1-antitrypsin in transgenic mice. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is an abundant serum protein whose major site of synthesis is in the hepatocyte. alpha 1AT transcripts are also present, albeit at a lower level, in a variety of other human tissues. This pattern of expression is partly related to initiation of transcription at sites with distinct tissue specificities. The mouse alpha 1AT gene, in contrast, is more strictly liver specific in its expression. To explore the regulation of the alpha 1AT gene we have microinjected a cosmid insert carrying the human gene into fertilized mouse eggs. In three lines obtained from transgenic mice, inheritance of copies of the human gene is accompanied by a high serum concentration of the human protein. Human alpha 1AT RNA accumulates to the highest level in liver of transgenic animals. The presence of transcripts in other tissues indicates that the human pattern of expression is maintained, whereas the temporal activity of the introduced gene parallels that of the endogenous one during mouse embryogenesis. PMID- 3500094 TI - Retroviral transfer and expression of the interleukin-3 gene in hemopoietic cells. AB - A recombinant retrovirus containing the interleukin-3 (IL3) coding sequence and the neomycin-resistance gene (Neor) has been generated. Infection of fetal liver cells with the IL3 retrovirus, but not with the N2 parental virus, resulted in the formation of factor-independent, NeoR colonies containing various types of differentiated hemopoietic cells. Established cell lines could be generated from these mixed hemopoietic colonies. These cell lines contained the unrearranged viral genome, produced viral IL3, and secreted the growth factor; however, they were not tumorigenic. Identical results were obtained from infection of two factor-dependent cell lines with the IL3 virus, except that these clones all became tumorigenic. These data indicate that endogenous IL3 production can support normal differentiation and immortalization of primary hemopoietic cells, or, in previously immortalized cells, can lead to tumorigenicity. PMID- 3500095 TI - Chronic pain: use of TENS in the elderly. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can be an important adjunct to the management of pain in elderly patients. Chronic neuropathy and postfracture recovery are the leading indications for using the portable stimulative device, although it has also been applied successfully in relieving low-back pain, postherpetic neuralgia, myofascial pain, phantom-limb pain, and advanced, painful malignancies. However, TENS is rarely used alone in pain relief, but instead should be part of a larger management program that may include other modalities. PMID- 3500096 TI - Spontaneous (natural) splenoadrenorenal shunts in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: a series of 20 cases. AB - Large spontaneous (natural) splenoadrenorenal shunt on splenoportovenography was seen in 20 (9.4%) of the 213 patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Significantly less number of patients had a bleed and oesophageal varices in this group compared with patients having no spontaneous shunt. There was, however, no significant difference in the age, splenic size, splenic pulp pressure, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia between the two groups. PMID- 3500097 TI - Functional characteristics of intraepithelial lymphocytes from mouse small intestine. III. Inability of intraepithelial lymphocytes to induce a systemic graft-versus-host reaction is because of failure to migrate in vivo. AB - In this study we have investigated whether addition of bone marrow accessory cells or concurrent administration of recombinant IL-2 would allow intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) to induce a systemic, lethal GvHR in irradiated hosts. In addition we have studied the ability of IEL to migrate into lymphoid tissues after intravenous injection and compared this with their locomotor capacity in vitro. PMID- 3500098 TI - Effect of Valsalva's manoeuvre and hyoscinbutylbromide on the pressure gradient across the wall of oesophageal varices. AB - To assess whether Valsalva's manoeuvre might cause variceal bleeding, 22 patients with oesophageal varices were studied. In 12 patients who received no previous treatment to their varices the median pressure gradient across the varix wall at rest was 19 (6-36) mmHg, and in 10 patients whose varices were thrombosed at their distal end the median pressure gradient in the proximal patent varix was 8 (1-6) mmHg. In untreated patients groups, the pressure gradient rose by 6-12 mmHg during Valsalva's manoeuvre in four patients, fell by 4-11 mmHg in five patients and was virtually unchanged in the remainder. These changes seem unlikely to cause variceal bleeding. Patients who repeated Valsalva's manoeuvre showed similar changes on each occasion. Six patients in the untreated group also received hyoscinbutylbromide 20 mg iv. No change was seen in the pressure gradient in five patients, suggesting that it is of little value in preventing variceal bleeding. PMID- 3500099 TI - [Typing of HLA antigens with monoclonal antibodies. Exclusion of false-positive results and cross reactions]. PMID- 3500100 TI - Effects of calcium entry blockers on blood pressure and heart rate in neurogenic hypertensive dogs. AB - The hypotensive and negative chronotropic effects of 5 calcium entry blockers (verapamil 200 micrograms/kg IV; diltiazem 300 micrograms/kg IV; nifedipine 5 micrograms/kg IV; nicardipine 50 micrograms/kg IV; and bepridil 5 mg/kg IV) were compared in control normotensive and acute neurogenic hypertensive anaesthetized dogs. Acute neurogenic hypertension was induced by sino-aortic denervation (SAD). In control normotensive dogs, all drugs (except bepridil) induced a slight and transient decrease in blood pressure. Nifedipine and nicardipine increased heart rate whereas the three other drugs remained ineffective. SAD caused a 2-2.5-fold increase in the hypotensive properties of the 5 drugs in dogs. Moreover, the duration of this induced hypotension was longer than in control normotensive animals. In SAD dogs, all calcium entry blockers significantly decreased heart rate. This study indicates that the direct cardiac inhibitory action of calcium channel blockers is modulated by baroreceptor activity in intact animals. The mechanism of the selective action of calcium entry blockers in hypertensive SAD in contrast to normotensive dogs is discussed. PMID- 3500101 TI - Effects of interleukin 2 on estradiol binding capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asymptomatic HBV carriers. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asymptomatic hepatitis B (HBV) carriers and healthy controls were incubated with or without recombinant interleukin 2 (r lL2) at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. They were then incubated for another hour with 3H-estradiol and cold estradiol at 37 degrees C, and the estradiol binding capacity was estimated by measuring the radioactivity bound to these cells. As a result, when r-lL2 was not added, the estradiol binding capacity of the mononuclear cells in asymptomatic HBV carriers was lower than that in healthy controls. However, when r-lL2 was added, it increased to about the same level as that in healthy controls. This increase in the estradiol binding capacity of the mononuclear cells in asymptomatic HBV carriers may be due to the differentiation and proliferation of the cells induced by r-lL2. PMID- 3500102 TI - Immunogenetic studies of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: HLA, immunoglobulin allotypes and autoantibodies. AB - The strategy of assigning a surrogate phenotype, defined as the presence of antinuclear and/or antismooth muscle antibodies to disease-free first degree relatives of index cases was used to search for a postulated disease susceptibility gene in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. In addition to determining circulating autoantibody status, 10 patients, 51 first-degree relatives and 6 spouses of index chronic active hepatitis patients, each ascertained by the single patient, were genotyped for HLA (A, B and DR loci) and immunoglobulin allotype (G1m, G2m, G3m and A2m loci) haplotypes. Among the 10 chronic active hepatitis patients, 6 had HLA haplotypes B8 and DR3, and 3 of these patients had, in addition, the immunoglobulin allotype haplotype Gm a,x;g. Circulating autoantibodies defining the surrogate phenotype was found in 39% of the first-degree relatives. However, segregation analysis offered no support for either single autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance for the autoantibody positive phenotype. Linkage between the postulated disease susceptibility locus and either the HLA (Chromosome 6) or immunoglobulin (Chromosome 14) locus was excluded by several analyses. Furthermore, logistic regression indicated that neither immunogenetic marker was statistically associated with autoantibody positively in these families. Therefore, despite the occurrence of autoantibody positivity in first-degree relatives of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis patients, we found no evidence that this trait has a simple genetic basis, or that it is an alternative manifestation of a postulated disease susceptibility gene for chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 3500103 TI - Prevention of variceal rebleedling by propranolol: should it work? Does it work? PMID- 3500104 TI - Prevention of variceal rebleeding by propranolol: should it work? Does it work? PMID- 3500106 TI - Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp: relationship to solitary rectal ulcer syndrome/mucosal prolapse and other bowel disorders. AB - The clinicopathologic features of nine patients with inflammatory polyps of the anorectal transition zone (inflammatory cloacogenic polyp, ICP) were reviewed. All polyps were characterized histologically by crypt hyperplasia and a thickened muscularis mucosa arising beneath a surface epithelium consisting of variable proportions of squamous, columnar, and often transitional epithelium. Tubulovillous architecture was characteristic. Sialomucin predominated over sulfomucin in eight of nine cases. One polyp displayed focal dysplasia and condylomatous features, while two others had associated hemorrhoids. Three cases had been previously diagnosed as adenomas. Seven patients were women, and two were men; their median age was 54 years (range, 17 to 85). Clinical presentation was most commonly intermittent rectal bleeding, and the clinical diagnosis was anal polyp or hemorrhoids in all cases. Six patients had the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) and/or evidence of mucosal prolapse. Papillomavirus was demonstrated by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods in one case in which multiple foci of dysplasia were also noted. Two patients had Crohn's disease, and the remaining patient had a coexistent adenocarcinoma located several centimeters proximal to his ICP. The pathologist and clinician must be aware that although ICP is often associated with SRUS/mucosal prolapse, it may occur in other clinical settings. PMID- 3500105 TI - Histogenesis of Hodgkin's disease: possible insights from a comparison with lymphomatoid papulosis. AB - Comparison of LyP and HD suggests that these are closely related lymphoproliferative disorders that may occur in the same patient, share similar histologic features, and have the same immunologic phenotype. Recent studies of the molecular biology of both disorders confirm a similar distribution of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement patterns. The study of LyP, although a rare and benign disorder, has improved our understanding of HD, which appears, in some cases, to be a proliferation of malignant activated T lymphocytes. Further analysis of LyP may lead to a better understanding of the spontaneous regression of this disorder and result in new methods for treatment of HD. PMID- 3500107 TI - Monoclonal small (well-differentiated) lymphocytic proliferations of the gastrointestinal tract resembling lymphoid hyperplasia: a neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential. AB - Three histologically benign-appearing or diagnostically equivocal small lymphocytic proliferations of the gastrointestinal tract were examined by fresh frozen section immunohistologic techniques. In one case, a dense infiltrate in the small intestine, consisting of small lymphocytes with round nuclei, was limited almost entirely to the mucosa. In another case, a localized colonic polyp was formed by mucosal and submucosal lobules of benign-appearing lymphoid aggregates with centrally located germinal centers. The third case, a penetrating gastric ulcer, was surrounded by histologically hyperplastic lymphoid tissue which included germinal centers. The small lymphocytes in all three cases were strongly positive for B-cell-associated antigens (B1, B2, BA-1), and all exhibited monoclonal light-chain restriction. Even though treatment consisted only of surgical resection of the lesions, no patient has had progressive disease during follow-up periods ranging from 24 to more than 50 months. We believe that the infiltrates in these cases are analogous to the morphologically benign monoclonal small lymphocytic proliferations common to the lung and orbit and that they have an uncertain, but probably low, malignant potential. PMID- 3500108 TI - Expression of natural killer cell markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - One hundred forty-nine cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies to natural killer (NK) cells--anti NKH1, anti-Leu 7, and anti-Leu 11b. There were 95 B-cell, 51 T-cell, and three null cell lymphomas. Seventeen T-cell lymphomas (33 per cent) expressed NKH1, Leu 7, and/or Leu 11b. None of the B- or null cell lymphomas expressed the NK markers. In comparison with the NK-negative T-cell lymphomas, the NK-positive cases showed a predilection for the nasal and paranasal region. There was a more significant loss of the T-cell markers T3 (peripheral T cell) and T4 (T-helper cell) in NK-positive lymphomas. The difference was due to a high proportion of nasal/paranasal lymphomas, which were associated with a frequent loss of T-cell markers, among the NK-positive cases. However, a similar degree of loss of T-cell markers was observed among NK-positive and NK-negative nasal/paranasal lymphomas. We conclude that expression of NK markers occurs exclusively in a proportion of T cell lymphomas, but not B-cell or null cell lymphomas. The reason this occurs predominantly in nasal and paranasal lymphomas is unknown. PMID- 3500109 TI - Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, T-antigen, and oncogene products as markers of neoplastic and preneoplastic colonic mucosa. AB - Several crypt abnormalities have been demonstrated in the mucosa of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the large intestine. In addition, certain tumor markers are expressed in large intestinal carcinoma but not in normal mucosa. To determine whether any correlation exists between tumor marker expression and crypt abnormalities and at what stage markers are expressed, we studied specimens of large intestinal mucosa from 13 patients with preneoplastic conditions (adenomatous polyp, familial polyposis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis). The tumor markers examined include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the ras gene products p21 and p21ser (mutated form), and beta-D-galactosyl-(1----3)-alpha-N acetyl-D-galactosamine (gal--gal NAc, also known as T-antigen). Results were compared to those of five cases of adenocarcinoma of colon and three control cases of colonic mucosa obtained at immediate autopsy. All four markers were expressed in three of the five cases of adenocarcinoma, but none were expressed in the control cases. Variable expression of each marker was demonstrated in the dilated, distorted crypts of preneoplastic lesions. CEA and gal--gal NAc appeared to be expressed most frequently, suggesting that these are common markers or are expressed at an earlier stage in the neoplastic process than p21 or p21ser. Demonstration of such markers in preneoplastic conditions may be of use in determining the malignant potential and in monitoring these lesions. PMID- 3500111 TI - Serum protein markers in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Serum protein markers (Hp, Pi, Bf, C4, C3 and Tf) were studied in 71 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Significant associations were found with the alpha 1 antitrypsin (Pi) type MZ and with the BfS and C3FS types in female patients. PMID- 3500110 TI - Syphilis in women of reproductive age in Mogadishu, Somalia: serological survey. AB - In Mogadishu, Somalia 223 women of childbearing age, including prostitutes, were tested for serum markers for syphilis by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA). Sera reactive in either of these tests were tested for IgM antibodies by solid phase haemadsorption assay (SPHA). Three per cent of sera from 67 pregnant women and none of those from 71 educated women gave positive results that were confirmed with the TPHA. In contrast, 58% of sera from 85 prostitutes were confirmed as being positive, 26% of which were SPHA positive, which indicated active syphilis. The proportion of TPHA positive sera increased with age among the prostitutes. As venereal syphilis is highly prevalent in prostitutes in Mogadishu, a strategy of intervention based on screening followed by treatment seems to be indispensable. PMID- 3500112 TI - A monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody which mimics angiotensin II in inducing a population of anti-hormone antibodies. AB - IG12, a syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody, was raised against an idiotype on a monoclonal antibody, ICH2, with specificity for the octapeptide hormone angiotensin II (AII). Competitive radioimmunoassays, and ELISAs utilizing AII antiserum raised in different species (rats and rabbits), indicate that IG12 detects a private idiotypic determinant at or near the paratopic region of the ICH2 combining site. Immunization of syngeneic mice with either IG12 or IG12 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin induced a population of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that shared two properties with ICH2: the binding of AII and the binding to IG12. Antibodies from these anti-anti-idiotypic populations were also partially active in inhibiting the interaction between AII and ICH2. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking a physiological hormone in inducing a population of anti hormone antibodies. PMID- 3500113 TI - The generation of Ig-secreting UC 729-6 derived human hybridomas by electrofusion. AB - UC 729-6, a 6-thioguanine resistant human lymphoblastoid B cell line, was fused with human lymphocytes by electrofusion. Resulting human-human hybridomas were tetraploid, expressed markers derived from both fusion parents, and secreted approximately 1 microgram Ig/10(6) cells/ml/day. Cells to be used for electrofusion were washed in 0.3M mannitol, and fusions were performed with glass slides, 1.0 ml, and 50.0 ml chambers. Fusion sequences consisted of alignment, compression, and the fusion event itself. The optimal cell concentration for electrofusion was 5 X 10(6)/ml. Fusion efficiencies of human lymphocytes were ranked as follows: lymphoma cells greater than lymph node lymphocytes greater than PBL. 80% of the lymphoma hybridomas, 60% of the lymph node hybridomas, and 40% of the PBL hybridomas were Ig secretors. These data demonstrate that the UC 729-6 cell line is a suitable vector for generating human-human hybridomas by electrofusion. PMID- 3500114 TI - Library of monoclonal bovine immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies to bovine immunoglobulins. PMID- 3500115 TI - A posture control model and balance test for the prediction of relative postural stability. PMID- 3500116 TI - The possible pitfalls of the measurement of intracellular calcium concentration of lymphocytes with the fluorescent indicator quin2. AB - The measurement of intracellular calcium concentration of small cells became feasible and relatively easily accomplishable following the development of the fluorescent calcium chelating dye, quin2, by R. Y. Tsien and his co-workers. The present paper gives an experimental survey of the major possible pitfalls of the method such as: 1) the improper choosing of the concentration of quin2/AM, 2) the misinterpretation of the calibration procedure, 3) the accidental heavy metal traces in the medium, and 4) the uneven distribution of quin2 among the individual cells or within a certain cell. We report some original data on: 1) the distorting effect of heavy metal ions on the measurement and the use of chelex 100 resin to eliminate heavy metal traces from the mediums, 2) the negligible contribution of dead cells to the overall fluorescence signal demonstrated by flow-cytometry, and 3) fluorescence polarization of quin2 in lymphocytes. PMID- 3500117 TI - Characterization of a T cell-derived lymphokine that acts synergistically with IL 3 on the growth of murine mast cells and is identical with IL 4. AB - A mast cell-like cell line (SN-1) was established with the aid of growth factor(s) present in the supernatant of a Con A-stimulated L3T4+ T cell line. In analogy to other mast cell lines, IL 3 was identified as a growth factor for SN-1 cells. In addition, a second lymphokine produced by the T cells synergistically enhanced the IL 3-induced growth. This factor, originally termed mast cell growth enhancing factor (MaGEF), could be separated from IL 2, IL 3, and a CSF-like activity and was purified to homogeneity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (8 residues) and the functional properties of this lymphokine proved to be identical with those reported for BSF-1 (IL 4). Unless applied at high concentrations, purified MaGEF did not stimulate growth of the SN-1 mast cells in the absence of IL 3. MaGEF was also found to act on two IL 2-dependent T cell lines by inducing significant thymidine incorporation which was suboptimal compared to that induced by IL 2 and which cannot be inhibited by anti-IL 2-antibodies. A panel of cell lines developed from mouse bone marrow with IL 3 or with a combination of IL 3 and MaGEF all reacted to MaGEF in the presence of IL 3 with considerably increased proliferation. It is therefore suggested that one of the physiological functions of MaGEF is to promote the recruitment of T-dependent mast cells. PMID- 3500118 TI - T cell hyperreactivity in obese strain (OS) chickens. Different mechanisms operative in spleen and peripheral blood lymphocyte activation. AB - The enhanced T cell reactivity (ConA hyperresponsiveness and IL 2 hypersecretion) of spleen lymphocytes of Obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis has recently been shown to be due to a defect in macrophage-derived non-specific suppressor factors that regulate IL 2 secretion and IL 2-promoted T lymphoblast proliferation in normal healthy animals. In the present study, we present several lines of evidence that the increased T cell response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of OS chickens is due to mechanisms entirely different from the described dysregulation of splenic T cells: 1) In contrast to the splenic macrophages, peripheral blood monocytes of OS animals are not deficient in the production of IL 2 antagonistic activity (IAA); 2) therefore, cocultivation of PBL from OS and Normal White Leghorn (NWL) chickens in communicating culture chambers did not abrogate the difference in Con A response as previously observed with spleen lymphocytes. 3) Immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody (INN CH 16) against the chicken IL 2 receptor revealed enhanced numbers of mitogen activatable T cells in OS PBL but not OS spleen lymphocytes. 4) After prolonged Con A stimulation of PBL, OS and NWL lymphoblasts did not differ from each other in functional aspects. In contrast to this, Con A lymphoblasts from OS spleens exhibited enhanced staining with INN CH 16 in parallel with an increased proliferative response to IL 2. Thus, the primary T cell dysfunction involved in the development of autoimmune disease in OS chickens is the result of at least two separate regulatory defects. PMID- 3500121 TI - Enhancement of neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis by human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor demonstrated using a novel mathematical model. AB - A mathematical model is presented which may be applied to describe and analyse data from microscopic phagocytosis assays. The method has been used to investigate the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast by peripheral blood neutrophils treated with purified recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rH GM-CSF) in vitro. Under limiting conditions of serum opsonization, rH GM-CSF decreased the proportion of non-phagocytic cells and increased the mean number of ingested yeast per cell. Stimulation of phagocytosis was dose-dependent and occurred with concentrations of rH GM-CSF in the range 10-320 units/ml. The effect was dependent on a heat-labile component in serum and was not attributable to endotoxin contamination of the preparation. PMID- 3500120 TI - The effect of corticosteroids upon murine B cells in vivo and in vitro as determined in the LPS-culture system. AB - The influence of the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEXA) upon mouse B cells was studied. This was done by in vivo treatment of mice with a single or multiple injection of DEXA, and by culturing murine spleen cells and bone marrow cells in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of DEXA. The effect of DEXA on the B-cell compartment was assayed by polyclonal stimulation of the B cells by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and subsequent measurement of the Ig-secreting cell response in the protein A plaque assay. DEXA treatment could greatly reduce the number of B cells in the spleen, but the bone marrow B-cell compartment was quite resistant to DEXA. The in vitro LPS-induced IgM response of the residual B cells from both spleen and bone marrow and their capacity to switch from IgM to IgG and IgA secretion were not affected. These data indicate that DEXA can decrease the total number of B cells but not the functional capacity of the residual LPS-reactive B cells. This was confirmed at the clonal level by limiting dilution culture experiments. The contrasting effects of DEXA on splenic and bone marrow B cells was also found when the cells were exposed to the drug in vitro. It was found that 10(-8) M DEXA in vitro reduced the response of splenic B cells to LPS by more than 80%, while a similar reduction of the response by bone marrow B cells required a 1000-fold higher concentration. PMID- 3500119 TI - Allergic arthritis induced by cationic antigens: relationship of chronicity with antigen retention and T-cell reactivity. AB - In order to define the antigenic properties necessary for sustained allergic arthritis, we prepared a range of differently charged bovine serum albumin (BSA) species with increasing isoelectric points (4.5, 4.5-7.4, 7-8, 8.5-9 and greater than 9). The highly cationic BSA greater than 9 appeared to be in a polymeric form. We investigated three properties of these proteins: (i) antigen retention, (ii) T-cell reactivity, and (iii) arthritis induction. Injection of the respective radiolabelled antigens in the knee-joints of immunized mice showed that antigen retention increased with cationicity of the proteins, with the best retention found for BSA with pI greater than 9. However, sustained joint inflammation was only found with BSA8.5-9, and not with a level BSA of lower or even higher pI. T-cell reactivity in vivo as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (skin testing) was similar for the tested antigens, with the exception of polymeric BSA (greater than 9). The latter appeared to be a poor antigen. In vitro, T-cell reactivity ([3H]-thymidine incorporation) against the cationized BSA species was slightly higher as compared to native BSA. The combination of excellent antigen retention and adequate T-cell reactivity appears to be optimal for the induction of chronic arthritis. PMID- 3500123 TI - Characterization of recipients & utilization of a primary health care complex in Bangladesh. PMID- 3500122 TI - Mycosis fungoides--gastric involvement with massive GI bleed. PMID- 3500124 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin in lung diseases. PMID- 3500125 TI - Identification of "high risk" children under five in an urban community. PMID- 3500126 TI - Some epidemiological aspects of ocular morbidity in a resettlement colony of Delhi. PMID- 3500127 TI - A comprehensive study of poliomyelitis. PMID- 3500128 TI - Recommendations of the subcommittee on pediatric surgical respiratory disorders. PMID- 3500129 TI - Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of histiocytosis-X. PMID- 3500130 TI - Synergistic induction of interleukin-1 by endotoxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using rat macrophages. AB - We studied interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion by rat peritoneal exudate macrophages stimulated with purified toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). TSST-1 was observed to be a more potent inducer of IL-1 than was endotoxin. The induction of IL-1 secretion by TSST-1 was not blocked by polymyxin B but could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies directed against TSST-1. Synergistic induction of IL-1 was observed when the cells were stimulated with TSST-1 and endotoxin. The sequence of addition was found to be important for the synergistic response. Enhanced IL-1 production was observed only when macrophages were exposed to endotoxin before or simultaneously with TSST-1. Prior exposure of macrophages to TSST-1 had no enhancing effect on endotoxin-induced IL-1 secretion. We conclude that stimulation of the macrophage by endotoxin enhances the responsiveness of the cells to TSST-1 and may thereby play a role in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 3500131 TI - The cellular immune response to a purified antigen from Leishmania mexicana subsp. amazonensis enhances the size of the leishmanial lesion on susceptible mice. AB - Immunization of BALB/c mice with gp10/20, a glycoconjugate purified from Leishmania mexicana subsp. amazonensis, induced a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to the antigen, and a significant increase was elicited in the size of the lesion induced by a subcutaneous infection with this parasite. The increase in the lesion size was observed when mice were immunized by the subcutaneous and the intraperitoneal routes. The subcutaneous immunization with gp10/20 was unable to reverse the prophylactic effect of an intravenous injection of irradiated promastigotes. An L3T4+ T-cell line specific for gp10/20 was able to transfer this lesion-enhancing effect and specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity to normal syngeneic recipients. The same T-cell line was a good producer of a hematopoietic growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. PMID- 3500132 TI - Passive transfer of acquired resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection is independent of mononuclear cell granuloma formation. AB - This study documents the formation of leukocyte foci in the livers of mice infused with either normal or immune T cells and then challenged intravenously with Listeria monocytogenes. The results show that the transfer of antilisterial resistance occurred before mononuclear cell granuloma formation and was associated instead with the appearance of foci of infiltrating lymphocytes and neutrophils. Numbers of these foci remained low in mice which received immune cells but increased progressively until death in mice which received normal cells. These findings do not support the previous hypothesis that a major component of acquired resistance against Listeria infection involves the rapid generation of mononuclear cell granuloma formation under the control of immune T cells. PMID- 3500133 TI - A study of noise-induced hearing loss and blood pressure in steel mill workers. AB - A cross-sectional study on noise-induced hearing loss and blood pressure was conducted in a steel mill company. Three hundred testees were selected by cluster sampling. They were physically examined and an audiometry was done. Only 151 workers, who had the highest hearing threshold at 4000 Hz and without any family history of hypertension or treatment of drugs on cardiovascular troubles, were selected as subjects in this study. Multiple regression analyses revealed that body mass index, employment duration, age and hearing loss explained a significant amount of variation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (R2 = 0.16 and 0.12, respectively). There was no significant relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure. In order to adjust confounding factors, analyses of covariances were used and the results suggest that hearing loss is unrelated to blood pressure. It seems that hearing loss is not appropriate as a noise exposure index to measure the relationship between noise exposure and blood pressure. PMID- 3500134 TI - Simultaneous production of IGF-I and EGF competing growth factors by HT-29 human colon cancer line. AB - The conditioned medium from the HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line contains a potent mitogenic activity that can markedly stimulate the proliferation of both rat and human fibroblasts in the absence of serum. Fractionation of conditioned medium on Bio-Gel P-100 shows that HT-29 cells simultaneously produce 2 different types of endogenous growth factors. The first one (molecular mass of 35, 8 and 5.5 kDa) exhibits an IGF-I competing activity which is positively correlated to mitogenic activity. This mitogen is recognized by anti-IGF-I antibodies but is resistant to reducing agents. It is distinct from IGF-II, insulin and PDGF. The second one (molecular mass of 40- and 20-kDa) is able to displace EGF binding to its receptor. This factor is immunologically recognized by anti-EGF antibodies but with a lower affinity as compared to EGF. This suggests that this endogenous HT-29-growth factor is related to but distinct from native EGF. Although more active in radioreceptor assay than in radioimmunoassay, the EGF-competing factor is distinct from TGF alpha or beta since it is unable to induce anchorage-independent growth of NRK or FR3T3 target cells in the presence or absence of exogenous EGF. Moreover, free functional EGF receptors are available at the HT-29 cell surface. PMID- 3500135 TI - Restrictive-type hemodynamics following valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease. AB - Over a six-year period three patients with rheumatic valvular disease presented with congestive heart failure due to abnormalities in myocardial diastolic function. Each patient previously had been operated for mitral stenosis; one patient had additional aortic valve replacement for aortic insufficiency. The mean time for the development of symptoms following surgery was 4.7 years. In all patients, left ventricular systolic function was normal (radionuclide or angiographic ejection fraction greater than 0.50). Abnormalities in diastolic function involved the left ventricle in all patients. Biopsy material from right (one patient) and left (one patient) ventricles was nonspecific in its histologic appearance. Other disease processes, such as constrictive pericarditis and diabetic cardiomyopathy were considered to be clinically unimportant in these patients. Restrictive-type hemodynamics in patients with postoperative rheumatic heart disease may comprise a newly recognized entity. PMID- 3500136 TI - Use of rapid atrial pacing to induce 2:1 atrioventricular block with marked improvement in hemodynamics. AB - Rapid atrial pacing by means of temporary atrial pacing wires was used to effect a regular sinus rhythm in a patient with 2:1 atrioventricular block and frequent premature atrial contractions. The change in rhythm allowed effective intra aortic balloon counterpulsation and markedly improved the hemodynamic situation. PMID- 3500137 TI - Pacific northwest native American youth and smokeless tobacco use. AB - This study examined snuff and chewing tobacco use among Alaska Native and American Indian adolescents. Results show frequent and early use of smokeless tobacco products. Almost one fifth of all females and close to one half of all males had used snuff or chewing tobacco on more than 20 occasions. Weekly smokeless tobacco use was reported by 34% of all females and by 42.6% of all males. By product type, 32.6% of all subjects had used snuff and 27.8% had chewed tobacco in the past week. Among females, over one half of all subjects had used snuff or chewing tobacco before age 10 years. Among males, nearly one half of the subjects first used smokeless tobacco prior to 8 years of age. Few subjects had used cigarettes or other smoked tobacco products. PMID- 3500138 TI - Lupoid sycosis. Treatment with PUVA and co-trimoxazole. AB - Lupoid sycosis, a condition refractory to treatment, is probably a chronic scarring form of deep sycosis barbae. Reported here is successful treatment of two longstanding cases of lupoid sycosis using ultraviolet-activated 8 methoxypsoralen in combination with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3500139 TI - Action spectrum for the induction of single-strand breaks in DNA in buffered aqueous solution in the wavelength range from 150 to 272 nm: dual mechanism. AB - The induction of single-strand breaks by vacuum-u.v. and far-u.v. radiations (150 nm-272 nm) in plasmid Col E1 DNA in buffered aqueous solution was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the mechanisms of DNA strand-break induction are different in the two u.v. regions: above 210 nm the direct excitation of DNA seemed to be the main cause; below 180 nm the photolysis of solvent water seemed to be essential. The demonstration of a systematic protection at 160 nm and not at 209 nm by OH scavengers, such as ethyl alcohol, potassium iodide and D-mannitol, supports the involvement of OH radicals in the vacuum-u.v. region. PMID- 3500140 TI - On the effect of oxygen or copper(II) in radiation-induced degradation of DNA in the presence of thiols. AB - Degradation of DNA when gamma-irradiated in aqueous solutions containing cysteine can be efficiently enhanced not only with oxygen, but to the same extent also with Cu2+ ions under hypoxic conditions. The result can be explained by 'self repair' in this system due to recombination of DNA. with RSS.-R intermediates, and repair inhibition by oxygen or copper involving RSS.-R scavenging. It is emphasized that oxygen enhancement in DNA-thiol systems may occur not only by peroxidation, via defect fixation (DNA-O2.) or thiol activation (RS-O2.), but also by the well-established inactivation of RSS.-R by oxygen. There is evidence also from literature data for a correlation between oxygen enhancement and RSS.-R stability, which varies with thiol concentration, pH and thiol structure. PMID- 3500141 TI - Changes in DNA supercoiling during repair of gamma-radiation-induced damage. AB - Enriched human B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte subpopulations were isolated by means of two Percoll density gradient centrifugation steps. Strand-break repair kinetics of 60Co gamma-irradiation-damaged DNA were obtained by applying a modified nucleoid sedimentation technique. Although no variations in the strand break repair patterns of B-cells and T-cells within an individual could be detected, variations between individuals were evident. Changes in DNA supercoiling during the repair process were studied by means of ethidium bromide intercalation. The supercoiled conformation of DNA in peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations displayed similar undulating patterns within an individual, variations occurring between individuals. The results of this study indicate that alterations to the higher-order structure (supercoiling) of DNA are integral to the repair process. PMID- 3500142 TI - 125IdUrd-induced chromosome fragments, assayed by premature chromosome condensation, and DNA double-strand breaks have similar repair kinetics in G1 phase CHO-cells. AB - The effect of 125I-decay on cell lethality, and induction of chromosome and DNA damage, was studied in synchronous non-cycling, G1-phase CHO-cells. For this purpose a population of mitotic cells was allowed to divide and progress through S-phase in the presence of 125IdUrd. Cells were subsequently transferred to conditioned medium (C-med) obtained from plateau-phase cultures that allowed cells to divide and accumulate in G1-phase in a non-cycling state. To accumulate 125I-induced damage, cells were kept frozen at -80 degrees C. Freezing was carried out using a new method that optimally preserves cell integrity. After various times of cold storage, cells were thawed and assayed for survival, DNA and chromosome damage, either immediately or after various times in C-med. Neutral filter elution was used to assay repair of DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs), and premature chromosome condensation was used to assay repair of chromosome fragments and induction of ring chromosomes. The results indicate very little repair at the cell survival level (repair of PLD). At the DNA level an efficient repair of DNA dsbs was observed, with kinetics similar to those observed after exposure to X-rays. At the chromosome level a fast repair of prematurely condensed chromosome fragment was observed, with a concomitant increase in the number of ring chromosomes induced. The repair kinetics of chromosome fragments and DNA dsbs were very similar, suggesting that DNA dsbs may underlie chromosome fragmentation. PMID- 3500143 TI - Association of plutonium with lysosomal, lipofuscin-like granules in Chinese hamster hepatocytes: evidence from electron microscopic and biochemical studies with 241Pu and 239Pu. AB - This electron-microscopic-autoradiographic study was undertaken to identify the cell organelles, which bind plutonium in Chinese hamster hepatocytes at different times after injection. Female Chinese hamsters were injected intraperitoneally with 241Pu and sacrificed at time intervals of between 4 days and 35 weeks. The Chinese hamster was chosen as the experimental animal as it is a species in which there is virtually no elimination of plutonium from the liver. From the 4th day onwards beta-tracks were found over globular electron-dense structures, which were randomly distributed in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and strongly resembled lipofuscin bodies. Comparison of the results with those from biochemical experiments showed good agreement between the morphological and biochemical observations. At early times after injection 241Pu was also found in the hepatocyte nuclei. All the evidence suggests that in this species plutonium in hepatocytes becomes bound to lipofuscin-accumulating lysosomes, which cannot be excreted. PMID- 3500144 TI - Rapid-mixing studies of radiosensitivity with thiol-depleted mammalian cells. AB - A moderate reduction in the non-protein thiol content of V79 379A Chinese hamster cells, obtained by pretreatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), diethyl maleate (DEM) or N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), increase both the absolute radiosensitivity of the cells in hypoxia and the radiosensitizing effect of adding oxygen 7 ms after irradiation. Combined pretreatment of cells with BSO and NEM removes most of the non-protein thiol and some of the protein thiol; such treatment further increases the radiosensitivity of hypoxic cells but there is no further effect of adding oxygen 7 ms after irradiation. Addition of 2 mercaptoethanol to cells 7 ms after irradiation gives protection factors that increase with increasing severity of thiol depletion. Substantial radioprotection can still be observed when 2-mercaptoethanol is added 70 ms after irradiation of cells pretreated with BSO and NEM; there is no effect of adding 2-mercaptoethanol to such cells 50s after irradiation. These observations support the repair fixation model of radiation damage and suggest that, in addition to the established role of non-protein thiol in chemical repair of radiation damage, other endogenous reducing agents such as protein thiol may be important in determining cellular radiosensitivity. A relatively long-lived thiol-modifiable component of radiation damage has been observed within hypoxic thiol-depleted cells. PMID- 3500145 TI - Reduction of DNA-polymerase beta activity of CHO cells by single and combined heat treatments. AB - The effect of single and combined heat treatments on the activity of DNA polymerase beta was studied in CHO cells. The activity of polymerase beta was determined by measuring the amount of [3H]TTP incorporated into activated calf thymus DNA in the presence of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. Biphasic response curves were obtained for all temperatures tested (40-46 degrees C) showing the sensitivity to decrease during heating. A constant activation energy of Ea = 120 +/- 10 kcal/mole was found for the initial heat sensitivity, whereas the Arrhenius plot for the final sensitivity is characterized by an inflection point at 43 degrees C with Ea = 360 +/- 40 kcal/mole or Ea = 130 +/- 20 kcal/mole for temperatures below or above 43 degrees C, respectively. The observed decrease of the polymerase activity is not due to a decrease in the number of active enzyme molecules but to a change in its affinity, since the inhibition is reversible when increasing concentrations of TTP are applied. When acute or chronic thermo-tolerance was induced by a priming heat treatment at 43 degrees C for 45 min followed by a time interval at 37 degrees C for 16 h or by a preincubation at 40 degrees C for 16 h, respectively, the thermal sensitivity of polymerase beta was lowered by a factor of up to 5. By contrast, pretreatment at a higher temperature followed by a lower temperature (step-down heating) did not alter the sensitivity of polymerase beta to the second treatment. The results indicate that heat-induced cell death cannot be the consequence of the reduction of the polymerase beta activity, confirming earlier studies on this subject. PMID- 3500146 TI - Relationship between field strength and abnormal development in chick embryos exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields. AB - Chick embryos were exposed to sinusoidally oscillating 50 Hz magnetic fields during their first 2 days of development. In the first series of experiments magnetic field strengths of 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 10 A/m were used. The percentage of abnormal embryos (% AE) was 16 per cent in the sham-exposed control group. % AE was increased at 1 A/m (29 per cent) and 10 A/m (32 per cent), but not at 0.1 A/m (16 per cent) or 0.3 A/m (14 per cent). In the second series of experiments field strengths of 0.4, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.35 A/m were used. % AE was 17 per cent in the control group, 10 per cent at 0.4 A/m, 19 per cent at 0.6 A/m, 17 per cent at 0.9 A/m and 36 per cent at 1.35 A/m. Only the 1.35 A/m group was significantly different from the controls. The results of this study suggest that exposure of chick embryos to a 50 Hz magnetic field causes abnormal development, and that no abnormalities are induced below a threshold between 0.9 and 1 A/m. PMID- 3500147 TI - Concerning the nature of the initial damage required for the production of radiation-induced exchange aberrations. PMID- 3500148 TI - Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies: a genetic and epidemiological study in the province of Turin, Italy. AB - A clinical, genetic and epidemiological study of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) was performed in the province of Turin, Italy. The patients were allocated to 5 groups, according to genetic and electroneurographic features. The high proportion of males among recessive and sporadic cases in the present series may suggest the existence of a recessive X-linked form of the disease. The crude prevalence rate was 3.18 (+/- 0.72)/100.000 population for all cases. The slow progression rate and the frequently mild symptoms of the disease, already suggested in literature, are confirmed by the analysis of the survival curves of the cases. PMID- 3500149 TI - Early changes in T lymphocytes and subsets of mouse progeny defective as adults in controlling growth of a syngeneic tumor after in utero insult with benzo(a)pyrene. AB - Benzo(a)pyrene, a potent carcinogen, severely suppresses the anti-SRBC plaque forming cell response, the mixed lymphocyte response (afferent T cell function), and an in vivo graft-vs.-host response (efferent T cell function) of mouse progeny exposed to the carcinogen during gestation (11 to 13 days). Immunodeficiency occurs early after birth (1 week) and persists for 18 months. The abnormalities in the T cell-mediated responses led us to examine the quantitative profile of T cells and subsets (Lyt 1+, Lyt 2+) present in the lymphoid organs during fetogenesis (15 to 19 days) and postnatally. In addition, we examined the ability of 3- to 8-month-old progeny and their spleen cells to resist the in vivo growth of cells from a syngeneic fibrosarcoma (a tumor that had been induced by benzo(a)pyrene). Our observations included: (1) Depletion of T cells and subsets in the thymus late (19 days) in gestation and postnatally. (2) Depleted T and Lyt 1+ cells in the spleen during gestation, while postnatally the former were enhanced and the effect on the latter was variable (enhancement and reduction). (3) In the fetal liver, the T cells were reduced, but the Lyt 1+ cells were unchanged. (4) The Lyt 2+ cells were strikingly enhanced in the fetal liver and spleen, but most dramatically for the former. (5) The Lyt 1/Lyt 2 ratio was less than 1.00 or controls in the fetal liver and spleen, a condition which persisted for 30 days postnatally in the latter organ. (6) Benzo(a)pyrene-exposed progeny or their spleen cells were relatively ineffective in resisting in vivo growth of transferred tumor cells. These results show that this carcinogenic pollutant induces a marked disorientation of T cells and subsets which can persist for at least 4 weeks postnatally. This suggests disruption of T cell differentiation during ontogenesis which may have profound implications on the ability to resist induction and growth of neoplasias after in utero exposure to the carcinogen. PMID- 3500150 TI - IgE-immunotoxins. II. IgE-ricin A-chain. AB - In order to develop a reagent capable of killing cells with high-affinity IgE Fc receptors, such as mast cells and basophils, ricin A-chain (the toxic portion of ricin) was conjugated to rat IgE myeloma protein, IR 162, via derivatization of the IgE by n-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) thus creating an IgE-immunotoxin. Monensin (10(-7)-10(-8)M), a carboxylic ionophore, facilitated IgE-ricin A-chain (3 X 10(-7)M) toxicity in a dose-related fashion ith significant reductions in [3H]leucine incorporation compared to cells exposed only to monensin. This enhanced toxicity could be inhibited by the addition of both anti-ricin A-chain or anti-IgE, suggesting that different routes of intracellular processing may play a role in determining the toxicity of the IgE ricin A-chain conjugate. Ricin B-chain (5 X 10(-7) and 5 X 10(-8)M) added to free ricin A-chain (10(-6)-10(-8)M) reproducibly facilitated toxicity, and this toxicity could be inhibited (30-90%) by lactose (50 mM). Ricin B-chain also facilitated IgE-ricin A-chain (2.75 X 10(-8)M) toxicity; however, this toxicity was not affected by lactose. The data suggest that ricin B-chain potentiates the cytosolic access of internalized IgE-immunotoxin and that the binding and internalization of the toxin was mediated via the IgE Fc receptor. A second type of IgE-ricin A-chain conjugate was synthesized whereby both IgE and ricin A-chain were derivatized with SPDP. RBL cells were killed in a dose-dependent manner by this IgE-ricin A-chain conjugate (2.5 X 10(-6)-2.5 X 10(-9)M) without requiring the addition of monensin or ricin B-chain. These data indicate that the intracellular route and processing of internalized immunotoxin is critical to eliciting toxicity. PMID- 3500151 TI - Heart disease and hospital deaths: an empirical study. AB - This study examines the effects of selected characteristics of hospitals and physicians on the mortality rates of heart patients who survive their first day in the hospital. Separate multivariate regression analyses are conducted for three groups: (1) patients who undergo a direct heart revascularization or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation; (2) patients who undergo a cardiac catheterization and do not undergo a CABG operation; and (3) patients with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who do not undergo surgery. The number of patients in each group treated by specific physicians, and the number treated in specific hospitals, measure provider experience with similar patients. Other hypothesized determinants of in-hospital mortality include: (1) patient severity of illness, age, sex, and the presence of comorbidities; (2) hospital ownership, size, location, teaching status, resources expended, and the presence of a coronary care unit; and (3) board certification status of the attending physician or surgeon who operated. Empirical results show that presence of a coronary care unit decreases the chance that CABG patients will die in the hospital but is not significant for other heart patients included in this study. Patients with atherosclerosis who receive a CABG or a cardiac catheterization procedure are more likely to survive in hospitals with high volumes of these procedures. However, hospital volume of AMI admissions was not a factor in survival; AMI patients are more likely to survive when their attending physicians treat high volumes of AMI patients. Also, AMI patients whose physicians are board certified in family practice or in internal medicine are less likely to die compared to AMI patients with physicians not board certified. Similarly, AMI patients hospitalized in teaching facilities are less likely to die compared to AMI patients in hospitals not affiliated with a medical school. PMID- 3500152 TI - Effect of position on arterial oxygenation in postoperative coronary revascularization patients. PMID- 3500153 TI - The challenge for evaluating the effects of salvaged myocardium. PMID- 3500154 TI - T-lymphocyte subset studies to monitor patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. PMID- 3500155 TI - Mechanical ventilation: new modes, old modes. PMID- 3500156 TI - Frequency analysis of human peripheral blood B cells sensitive to CD2 monoclonal antibody-activated T cells. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that appropriate pairs of cluster of differentiation 2 (CD2) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against two epitopes on the T11 molecule induced human T-cell activation leading to the production of several lymphokines. Here we report that human peripheral blood B lymphocytes cultured in the presence of the CD2 (D66 + T11) MoAb, together with T lymphocytes and monocytes, secreted larger amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) than when they were incubated in the same culture conditions in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). We further show that the level of Ig secreted by the progeny of a single responsive B cell is similar in both systems and demonstrate that the increase in the Ig concentration is directly related to the high frequency of B-cell precursors sensitive to CD2 MoAb-activated T cells. PMID- 3500157 TI - Epithelial-thymocyte interactions in human thymus. AB - Our data demonstrate that the epithelial component of the human thymic microenvironment is not an inert cell type, but rather is capable of being directly involved in the promotion of both early and late stages of T-cell maturation. Data from our laboratory [54,69], together with the work of Plunkett et al. [61] and Shaw et al. [70] suggest that an endogenous ligand for the CD2 molecule in humans is the LFA-3 molecule. Using an SV40 transformed human thymic epithelial cell line of subcapsular cortical origin, Mizutani et al. have confirmed that thymic epithelial cells bind thymocytes via a CD2/LFA-3 interaction [78]. The data reviewed in this paper suggest that within the thymus one endogenous ligand for the alternative pathway of thymocyte activation via the CD2 molecule is the LFA-3 molecule on TE cells. Following thymocyte binding to TE cells, immature thymocytes are directly activated to proliferate, and their response to both IL1 and IL2 is augmented. Also, following TE-thymocyte binding, TE-IL1 secretion is augmented and TE cell MHC class II antigen expression is induced. Moreover, while undergoing activation, thymocytes appear to be able to modulate their microenvironment milieu of MHC antigens and IL1. Further analysis of the sequelae of TE-thymocyte interactions using phenotypic characterization of thymocytes with anti-T-cell MoAbs, coupled with molecular analysis of thymocyte T cell receptor genes, should allow for the determination of the precise sequential stages that immature T cells undergo enroute to functional maturity. Understanding these steps in T-cell maturation will be critical to our understanding of the events that transpire in the genesis of autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, and immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 3500158 TI - In vitro and in vivo evaluations of BMY-28100, a new oral cephalosporin. AB - A new semisynthetic oral cephalosporin, BMY-28100, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with cefaclor and cephalexin. BMY 28100 showed in vitro activity 3- and 10-fold more potent than that of cefaclor against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. BMY 28100 was slightly better than cefaclor and about 4 times more active than cephalexin against Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were comparably susceptible to BMY-28100 and cefaclor. The bactericidal activity of BMY-28100 against S. aureus, E. coli and P. mirabilis was equal to or twice as high as MIC value, which was similar to that of cefaclor. The stability of BMY-28100 against penicillinases was nearly comparable to that of cefaclor, whereas cefaclor was somewhat unstable to cephalosporinases. BMY-28100 was about twice as active as cefaclor against three Gram-positive bacterial infections. BMY-28100 was also more potent against infections of H. influenzae and P. mirabilis, but slightly less active against E. coli Juhl than cefaclor. Blood level parameters of BMY-28100 were significantly superior to those of cefaclor and slightly better than cephalexin in mice and rats. The urinary recovery of BMY-28100 was somewhat higher and comparable to that of cefaclor and cephalexin, respectively. BMY-28100 was more stable than cefaclor in human and calf sera at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3500159 TI - Desaminoanthracyclines from the antibiotic complex ciclamycin. PMID- 3500160 TI - Coincidence detection in auditory neurons: a possible mechanism to enhance stimulus specificity in the grassfrog. AB - It is still a matter of debate whether neurons in the higher central nervous system of anurans become progressively more sharply tuned to sounds that have a behavioral importance or that such coding is performed by (small) groups of neurons. The approach we have taken to investigate this matter comprises simultaneous single-unit recording using two microelectrodes in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog. The present study deals with 96 pairs of units responding to an ensemble of natural and synthetic mating calls in which carrier frequency and pulse-repetition rate were varied. This ensemble was presented without noise and also with background noise of increasing intensity. The spike trains were analysed for correlations between their firings. In 34 pairs (35%) a functional connection, mostly common input, was present. By selecting one of the units of a pair as a trigger it was investigated which window for a coincidence analysis would result in enhanced specificity for the unit pair. Such an analysis based on a logical AND operation could be a model for the action of a neuron on which both units under study would converge, and which would then show an enhanced specificity in their response to a stimulus ensemble. It was found that in 20 pairs (21%) the logical AND operation was more selective than each of the component neurons. The largest time window for which the selectivity was found was evenly distributed over the values 8 ms, 32 ms and 128 ms, in one case selectivity was found only for a window of 2 ms. There was neither preference for selective pairs to be found for recordings with one electrode (45 cases) or dual electrodes (51), nor for independent (62) versus functionally connected (34) pairs. In some cases selectivity resulted in a preference for one specific call, in other cases it resulted in a loss of responsiveness to the masking noise effectively resulting in an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. The analysis stresses the importance of spatiotemporal patterns of nervous activity for the representation of sounds in the auditory midbrain of anurans. PMID- 3500161 TI - beta-Lactamase of Pseudomonas pseudomallei and its contribution to antibiotic resistance. AB - beta-Lactamase production was examined in nine strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated from human, animal and environmental sources in Thailand and Hong Kong. All produced the same weakly inducible, membrane associated chromosomal cephalosporinase, which had a molecular weight of 29,500 and an isoelectric point of 7.4-7.7. The enzyme resembled the cefuroximases of Ps. cepacia and Proteus vulgaris, but differed from the Class I cephalosporinases typical of Ps. aeruginosa and most enterobacteria, in being strongly active against carbenicillin, cefotaxime and cefuroxime and in being inactivated readily by clavulanic acid. Synergy experiments with clavulanic acid investigated the enzyme's contribution to antibiotic resistance, and these results broadly correlated with those of in-vitro hydrolysis assays. Thus, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime and cephalothin, which were hydrolysed in vitro, were potentiated four to 64-fold by 2 mg/l clavulanic acid; but cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cloxacillin and imipenem, which appeared stable in vitro, were potentiated four-fold or less. PMID- 3500162 TI - Ofloxacin in human aqueous humour and lens. PMID- 3500163 TI - Selection of enhanced cefotaxime resistance in Enterobacter spp. AB - Four strains of Enterobacter spp. with different chromosomal beta-lactamase expression (inducible, constitutive or negligible) were grown in broth containing either cefoxitin or cefotaxime, then plated on to agar containing 20 mg cefotaxime per litre to quantitate the cefotaxime-resistant mutants present in the population. Spontaneous resistant mutants were initially isolated from each strain at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-5). These high frequencies of spontaneous mutation suggested that more than one type of mutational event could yield cefotaxime resistance. Induction of a high level of beta-lactamase in broth cultures was not in itself sufficient to confer a high level of cefotaxime resistance on the population, and increased resistance following selection of resistant mutants did not necessarily correlate with any significant increase in beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 3500164 TI - Effect of D-propranolol on growth and motility of flagellate protozoa. AB - Propranolol inhibits sperm motility and has been considered as a spermicide contraceptive. In view of the inhibitory effects of D-propranolol on sperm flagellar activity, we have investigated its effect on motility and growth of two human flagellate, protozoan parasites. D-propranolol had a dose-dependant inhibitory effect on motility of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis with ED50s of 0.38 and 0.66 mmol/l respectively, D-propranolol also inhibited growth of both parasites with ED50s of 0.18 and 0.23 mmol/l for Giardia and Trichomonas respectively. D-propranolol, unlike DL-propranolol is devoid of the unwanted effects of beta-blockade, and thus may be a useful antiprotozoal drug particularly after vaginal placement when it is concentrated in vaginal mucus. PMID- 3500165 TI - Influence of ciprofloxacin and piperacillin on interleukin-1 production by murine macrophages. PMID- 3500166 TI - alpha-Amylase gene of Streptomyces limosus: nucleotide sequence, expression motifs, and amino acid sequence homology to mammalian and invertebrate alpha amylases. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the coding and regulatory regions of the alpha-amylase gene (aml) of Streptomyces limosus was determined. High-resolution S1 mapping was used to locate the 5' end of the transcript and demonstrated that the gene is transcribed from a unique promoter. The predicted amino acid sequence has considerable identity to mammalian and invertebrate alpha-amylases, but not to those of plant, fungal, or eubacterial origin. Consistent with this is the susceptibility of the enzyme to an inhibitor of mammalian alpha-amylases. The amino-terminal sequence of the extracellular enzyme was determined, revealing the presence of a typical signal peptide preceding the mature form of the alpha amylase. PMID- 3500167 TI - Involvement of transport in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chemotaxis. AB - The chemotactic response to a range of chemicals was investigated in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, an organism known to lack conventional methyl-accepting sensory transduction proteins. Strong attractants included monocarboxylic acids and monovalent cations. Results suggest that the chemotactic response required the uptake of the chemoeffector, but not its metabolism. If a chemoeffector could block the uptake of another attractant, it also inhibited chemotaxis to that attractant. Sodium benzoate was not an attractant but was a competitive inhibitor of the propionate uptake system. Binding in an active uptake system was therefore insufficient to cause a chemotactic response. At different concentrations, benzoate either blocked propionate chemotaxis or reduced the sensitivity of propionate chemotaxis, an effect consistent with its role as a competitive inhibitor of uptake. Bacteria only showed chemotaxis to ammonium when grown under ammonia-limited conditions, which derepressed the ammonium transport system. Both chemotaxis and uptake were sensitive to the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting an involvement of the proton motive force in chemotaxis, at least at the level of transport. There was no evidence for internal pH as a sensory signal. These results suggest a requirement for the uptake of attractants in chemotactic sensing in R. sphaeroides. PMID- 3500168 TI - Inhibition of parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase in clonal osteoblast-like cells by transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor. AB - The effects of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on parathyroid hormone (PTH)-responsive adenylate cyclase were examined in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (UMR-106) with the osteoblast phenotype. Recombinant TFG-alpha and EGF incubated with UMR-106 cells for 48 h each produced concentration-dependent inhibition of PTH-responsive adenylate cyclase, with maximal inhibition of 38-44% at 1-3 ng/ml of either growth factor. TGF-alpha and EGF also inhibited beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) stimulated adenylate cyclase by 32%, but neither growth factor affected enzyme response to prostaglandin or basal (unstimulated) activity. Nonreceptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin and cholera toxin was inhibited 18 20% by TGF-alpha and EGF. Pertussis toxin augmented PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase, suggesting modulation of PTH response by a functional inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component of the enzyme. However, pertussis toxin had no effect on TGF-alpha inhibition of PTH response. Growth factor inhibition of PTH response was time-dependent, with maximal inhibition by 4-12 h of TGF alpha exposure, and was reduced by prior treatment of UMR-106 cells with cycloheximide. TGF-alpha was not mitogenic for UMR-106 cells. The results indicate that TGF-alpha and EGF selectively impair PTH- and beta-adrenergic agonist-responsive adenylate cyclase of osteoblast-like cells. Growth factor inhibition of adenylate cyclase may be exerted at the receptor for stimulatory agonist and at nonreceptor components excluding pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. The inhibitory action of growth factors may also require protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500169 TI - Characterization of multiple human cytochrome P-450 1 cDNAs. The chromosomal localization of the gene and evidence for alternate RNA splicing. AB - Employing the rabbit liver progesterone-21-hydroxylase P-450 1 cDNA as a probe (Tukey, R.H., Okino, S., Barnes, H., Griffin, K.J., and Johnson, E.F. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13347-13354), we have identified a highly homologous (81% within the coding region) human liver cDNA, termed Hp1-1, that encodes a 490-amino acid protein. Comparison of the predicted translation products between the human and rabbit homologues demonstrates that the two proteins are 73% homologous, while increasing to 82% similarity when allowing for conserved amino changes. The human P-450 1 is 82% homologous to the s-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (Umbenhauer, D. R., Martin, M. V., Lloyd, R. S., and Guengerich, F. P. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1094 1099). Southern blot analysis using various portions of the human P-450 1 cDNA as probes indicates that the human P-450 1 gene is part of a larger gene family but can be selectively identified by using a 3'-noncoding portion of the cDNA. Identification of the gene from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids using the conserved 3' portion of the human P-450 1 cDNA as a probe places the location of the gene on human chromosome 10. Results are also presented which demonstrate that the human P-450 1 gene transcript is processed by an alternate RNA-splicing mechanism that generates two mRNA products, one which represents the functional transcript, and the other a form of mRNA that is not capable of encoding a functional P-450. PMID- 3500170 TI - Modulation by recombinant interleukin 1 of synthesis of types I and III collagens and associated procollagen mRNA levels in cultured human cells. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1), a monocyte product, exerts a range of biological effects on nonimmune cells such as fibroblasts and chondrocytes including stimulation of synthesis and release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and collagenase. We have previously shown that crude mononuclear cell-conditioned medium, which contains IL-1, also stimulates synthesis of types I and III collagens by human synovial and dermal fibroblasts and chondrocytes when the formation of PGE2, which inhibits collagen synthesis, is blocked by indomethacin. To determine whether IL 1 is responsible for the affects observed using crude monocyte-conditioned medium patterns of collagen synthesis in the three types of human cells in response to recombinant preparations of IL-1 were compared. Preincubation of chondrocytes or synovial fibroblasts with either murine (m)IL-1 alpha or human (h)IL-1 beta alone decreased synthesis of type I collagen and fibronectin. In contrast, when endogenous IL-1-stimulated PGE2 synthesis was blocked by indomethacin, an enhancing effect of IL-1 on synthesis of these matrix proteins was unmasked. The synthesis of type III collagen was enhanced by IL-1 to a greater extent than that of type I collagen in the presence of indomethacin. In human foreskin fibroblasts, which produced low levels of PGE2 even in the presence of IL-1, synthesis of types I and III collagens was increased by IL-1 either in the absence or presence of indomethacin. These cells were more responsive to the hIL 1 beta preparation than to the mIL-1 alpha (half-maximal stimulation of PGE2 production was observed at approximately 2.5-5 pM hIL-1 beta and at approximately 2.5 nM mIL-1 alpha). Levels of alpha 1 (I), alpha 2(I), and alpha 1(III) procollagen mRNAs measured by cytoplasmic dot hybridization paralleled the levels of collagens synthesized under the various experimental conditions. IL-1, therefore, is one product of monocytes capable of modulating collagen synthesis by these human mesenchymal cells probably by altering collagen gene expression. These studies suggest that both positive (IL-1) and negative (PGE2) signals may control collagen synthesis at the transcriptional level resulting in modulation of matrix turnover in cartilage, synovium, and skin. PMID- 3500171 TI - Alpha subunit of eukaryotic translational initiation factor-2 is a heat-shock protein. AB - The use of ultra high resolution giant two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has expanded the number of recognizable heat-shock proteins to 68 inductions in rat thymic lymphocytes, many of which are among the less abundant cellular proteins (Maytin, E. V., Colbert, R. A., and Young, D. A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2384 2392). Previous studies also show that cells receiving a prior heat shock recover more rapidly from the inhibition of protein synthesis induced by a second heat shock. In this report we use a monoclonal antibody to identify the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2 alpha) as a heat-shock protein. Its relative rate of synthesis increases approximately 40% in the 2nd h and 5-fold in the 4th h of a continuous heat shock and is stimulated more dramatically, 15 fold, in the 3rd h of recovery from a 1-h heat shock. These results suggest that the induction of eIF-2 alpha in the heat-shock response may be important for restoring the cell's ability to initiate protein synthesis. In addition to identifying a function for one of the heat-shock proteins, our findings draw attention to the likelihood that other low-abundance heat-shock proteins may play critical roles in the heat-shock response. PMID- 3500172 TI - Molecular cloning of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of rice (oryzacystatin). Homology with animal cystatins and transient expression in the ripening process of rice seeds. AB - A cDNA clone for a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of rice (oryzacystatin) was isolated from a lambda gt10 cDNA library of rice immature seeds by screening with synthesized oligonucleotide probes based on partial amino acid sequences of oryzacystatin. A nearly full-length cDNA clone was obtained which encoded 102 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of oryzacystatin deduced from the cDNA sequence was significantly homologous to those of mammalian cystatins, especially family 2 cystatins. Oryzacystatin contained the sequence Gln-Val-Val Ala-Gly conserved among most members of the cystatin superfamily. The gene for oryzacystatin was transcribed into a single mRNA species of about 700 nucleotides. The content of mRNA reached its highest level 2 weeks after flowering and then gradually decreased to undetectable levels at 10 weeks. This feature of transient expression is coordinate with that of glutelin (a major storage protein), although the expression of oryzacystatin precedes that of glutelin by about 1 week. PMID- 3500173 TI - Biochemical characterization of the retinoid isomerase system of the eye. AB - We have previously shown that membranes from the retinal pigment epithelium can transform added all-trans-retinol into a mixture of 11-cis-retinoids, demonstrating the "missing reaction" in the visual cycle for the first time (Bernstein, P. S., Law, W. C., and Rando, R. R. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 1849-1853). In this article, this isomerase activity is further characterized. Double-label experiments with [15-3H]- and [15-14C]all-trans retinol as the substrate show that the tritium label is retained in the 11-cis retinol and 11-cis-retinyl palmitate products. This requires that isomerization occur at the alcohol level of oxidation. All-trans-retinyl esters, such as the palmitate, acetate, butyrate, and hexanoate esters, are not directly transformed into their 11-cis counterparts by the membranes. The data are consistent with the presence of an all-trans-retinol isomerase enzyme system or enzyme complex, which produces 11-cis-retinol. Other isomeric retinols were tested for substrate activity. Neither 9-cis-retinol(al) nor 13-cis-retinol were processed by the isomerase. Since the membranes containing the isomerase possess other retinol metabolizing activities, such as retinyl ester synthetase and dehydrogenase activities, further purification was attempted. Appreciable quantities of all detergents tested led to the disappearance of isomerase activity, and high salt or EDTA did not dissociate isomerase activity from the membranes. However, extensive sonication of the membranes did produce a 100,000 x g supernatant fraction of light membranes depleted of other all-trans-retinol processing activities. The isomerase activity in these membranes was saturable with all trans-retinol, as required for a biologically significant process, and showed a Vmax of 5 pmol/h/mg of protein, a KM of 0.8 microM, and a pH optimum of 8. The isomerase was destroyed by proteinase K, by phospholipase C, by heating, or by ethanol at concentrations greater than 1%. The addition of high energy compounds, such as MgATP, MgGTP, or palmitoyl-CoA, did not appear to stimulate isomerase activity in the 100,000 x g supernatant. PMID- 3500174 TI - Purification of two smooth muscle glycoproteins related to integrin. Distribution in cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts. AB - We have purified two membrane glycoproteins from chicken gizzard smooth muscle. In the presence of reducing agents, these proteins have molecular weights on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 165,000 and 130,000, but they migrate at 165,000 and 110,000 without reduction. The two proteins can also be isolated as a complex in buffers containing physiologic salt concentrations. This complex has physical properties similar to two proteins of the integrin family of receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, the cell substratum attachment antigen from chicken embryos, and the glycoprotein IIb IIIa complex from mammalian platelets. When the smooth muscle complex is visualized by electron microscopy, it has a striking resemblance to both avian integrin and the glycoprotein IIb IIIa complex. Smooth muscle is a good source of the 165,000 and 130,000 proteins, and purification of both the individual subunits and the complex is achieved using conventional biochemical techniques. Antibodies directed against the 130,000 protein cross-react with integrin but do not cross react with the 165,000 protein. Immunofluorescence microscopy using these antibodies reveals staining of fibroblast focal contacts and fibrillar streaks which coalign with fibronectin. Whereas monoclonal antibodies against integrin label the periphery of the focal contact more intensely than the center, the anti 130,000-protein serum stains the entire focal contact. Antibodies directed against the 165,000 protein also stain focal contacts and fibrillar streaks of fibroblasts in tissue culture. On the basis of similar physical properties, biochemical characteristics, and immunological cross-reactivity we conclude that the 165,000/130,000 complex is a smooth muscle integrin. PMID- 3500176 TI - Human breast epithelial cells in serum-free collagen gel primary culture: growth, morphological, and immunocytochemical analysis. AB - Human breast epithelial cells derived from various sources (fibroadenoma, reduction mammoplasty, and mastectomy tissues from premenopausal patients) have been cultured in collagen gel matrix using serum-free medium. Response to various additives has been analyzed for growth-promoting effect when added to a basal medium containing insulin, cholera toxin, and BSA. A consistent observation has been the effect of EGF and cortisol in growth stimulation of human breast epithelial cells, while separately, each additive elicited only a small response. Under this condition, employing EGF and cortisol combinations, these cells gave rise to organized colonies consisting of clusters of cells, usually spherical, without any duct-like extensions. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies, using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, have shown that cell types and features that can be identified in the original breast tissue can also be delineated in the progeny populations. The topographical feature, consisting of lumina surrounded by a single inner layer of epithelial cells and an outer layer of basal/myoepithelial cells, can be re-created in the collagen gel system starting from small clumps of cells. PMID- 3500177 TI - Megakaryocyte colony growth-supporting activities in human plasma: modification by platelets and platelet membranes. AB - Human megakaryocyte colonies are grown in methylcellulose with platelet-poor plasma and medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes (PHA LCM) as a source of megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor (MEG-CSF). The megakaryocyte colony growth-supporting activity in human plasma can be absorbed by intact platelets or degranulated platelet membranes. It was possible to recover the activity by solubilizing platelet membranes with cholic acid. Filtration of the solubilized platelet membrane preparations through a Sephadex G 100 column yielded at least two activity peaks. The molecular weight of these two activities differs from that of the growth-promoting activity in PHA-LCM. PMID- 3500175 TI - Interactions of a neuronal cell line (PC12) with laminin, collagen IV, and fibronectin: identification of integrin-related glycoproteins involved in attachment and process outgrowth. AB - Neuronal responses to extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents are likely to play an important role in nervous system development and regeneration. We have studied the interactions of a neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12, with ECM protein-coated substrates. Using a quantitative cell attachment assay, PC12 cells were shown to adhere readily to laminin (LN) or collagen IV (Col IV) but poorly to fibronectin (FN). The specificity of attachment to these ECM proteins was demonstrated using ligand-specific antibodies and synthetic peptides. To identify PC12 cell surface proteins that mediate interactions with LN, Col IV, and FN, two different antisera to putative ECM receptors purified from mammalian cells were tested for their effects on PC12 cell adhesion and neuritic process outgrowth. Antibodies to a 140-kD FN receptor heterodimer purified from Chinese hamster ovarian cells (anti-FNR; Brown, P. J., and R. L. Juliano, 1986, J. Cell Biol., 103:1595-1603) inhibited attachment to LN and FN but not to Col IV. Antibodies to an ECM receptor preparation purified from baby hamster kidney fibroblastic cells (anti-ECMR; Knudsen, K. A., P. E. Rao, C. H. Damsky, and C. A. Buck, 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 78:6071-6075) inhibited attachment to LN, FN, and Col IV, but did not prevent attachment to other adhesive substrates. In addition to its effects on adhesion, the anti-ECMR serum inhibited both PC12 cell and sympathetic neuronal process outgrowth on LN substrates. Immunoprecipitation of surface iodinated or [3H]glucosamine-labeled PC12 cells with either the anti-FNR or anti ECMR serum identified three prominent cell surface glycoproteins of 120, 140, and 180 kD under nonreducing conditions. The 120-kD glycoprotein, which could be labeled with 32P-orthophosphate and appeared to be noncovalently associated with the 140- and 180-kD proteins, cross reacted with antibodies to the beta-subunit (band 3) of the avian integrin complex, itself a receptor or receptors for the ECM constituents LN, FN, and some collagens. PMID- 3500178 TI - Metabolic effects of interleukin 3 on 32D cl23 cells analyzed by NMR. AB - 31P NMR of living 32D cl23 cells and 1H NMR of cell extracts were used to study the metabolic effects of interleukin 3 (IL3). When IL3 was removed from 32D cl23 for 9-10 hours 31P spectra showed a decrease in sugar phosphate, gamma ATP/ADP, alpha ATP/ADP/NAD, and beta ATP resonances which declined progressively over a time period of up to 16 hours. By comparison, ATP measurements using the luciferin/luciferase method resulted in the decline of ATP levels from 12 hours in the absence of IL3. At this time, viability of the cells was unaffected. For 1H NMR experiments cells were grown in the presence and absence of IL3 for 4 and 24 hours, after which acid cell extracts were prepared. These spectra revealed a four-fold decrease in lactate 4 hours post-IL3 removal. Alanine levels were unchanged but glycine was elevated 1.5-fold whilst various other amino acids were elevated slightly. After 24 hours without IL3, only 22% of cells were viable which was reflected in a general decline of most resonance intensities. These findings suggest that IL3 exerts its effect primarily on glucose metabolism and has a delayed secondary effect on maintenance of ATP levels in the cell. We have demonstrated the applicability of high resolution 1H and 31P NMR to the study of cellular metabolism in hemopoietic cells. PMID- 3500179 TI - Use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. VIII. Analytical chromatofocusing of chromosomal cephalosporinases from four Klebsiella strains. AB - Although still there are Klebsiella strains which do not harbour plasmids and produce constitutive chromosomal beta-lactamases, recently clinical isolates were found in ever increasing numbers carrying mainly TEM-, CARB- and OXA type R factors. We selected four chromosomal cephalosporinase producing Klebsiella strains to study the pI values of the enzymes and their simultaneous separability from accompanying proteins by chromatofocusing techniques. We compared pI values of the pure and the crude preparations: K. pneumoniae K1 SC 10436: pIpure = 6.4, pIcrude = 6.42; K. aerogenes K1 1082 E: pIpure = 6.5, pIcrude = 6.5; K. oxytoca 1082 E: pIpure = 6.42, pIcrude = 6.4; K. oxytoca 20: pIpure = 7.62, pIcrude = 7.6. Excellent agreement of the pI values among each other, but occasional differences with those obtained by analytical isoelectrofocusing are attributed to methodological diversities and to the presence of satellite enzymes, known to exist in Klebsiella. PMID- 3500180 TI - Fractionation and characterization of two beta-lactamases in Citrobacter diversus ULA-27 strain by chromatofocusing. PMID- 3500181 TI - Epidermal growth factor induces differentiation and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin and placental lactogen in normal human placenta. AB - Human trophoblast differentiates by the fusion of cytotrophoblasts to form syncytiotrophoblast. To determine factors controlling this process, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on trophoblast differentiation were studied using long term serum-free culture of isolated trophoblast. Only trophoblast was present in the cultures, as demonstrated by positive immunoperoxidase staining with beta hCG, cytokeratin, and trophoblast-specific H315 monoclonal antisera and by the absence of contaminating endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, as shown by negative staining with vimentin and OKM1 monoclonal antisera. EGF induced large sustained increases in hCG and human placental lactogen (hPL) secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum effective dose was 0.1 ng/mL, and the maximum effective dose was 1 ng/mL. Light and electron microscopic studies showed EGF-induced differentiation of cytotrophoblast to form syncytiotrophoblast. DNA content and cell number did not change during the process. The formation of syncytia thus probably accounted for the increase in hCG and hPL secretion. We conclude that EGF causes morphological differentiation, but not cell proliferation, of trophoblasts, and the differentiation results in increased hCG and hPL secretion from the syncytia. PMID- 3500182 TI - Sex steroids and bone mass. A study of changes about the time of menopause. AB - To examine the relationships between bone loss and sex steroids, 84 peri- and postmenopausal women were studied at 4-mo intervals for 3 yr. At each visit, measurements were made of bone mass at the midshaft and distal radius, of steroids, of gonadotropins, and of bone gla protein (BGP). Bone loss was approximately 1% per yr among late perimenopausal and postmenopausal groups, whereas the early perimenopausal group lost no bone. Mean serum estrogen and BGP concentrations predicted rates of bone loss. BGP was negatively correlated with the rate of bone loss (r = -0.45) and with mean estrogen concentrations (r = 0.40). Multivariate regressions showed estrogen concentrations to be strong independent predictors of the slope of bone mass over time. When BGP concentrations were added to the models, the significance of estrogen was reduced, suggesting that a portion of the estrogen effect was mediated through effects on rates of bone remodelling. PMID- 3500184 TI - Expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-Ig fusion transcripts in normal and neoplastic cells. AB - We examined the expression of the Bcl-2 gene at chromosome segment 18q21, that is translocated into the Ig heavy chain gene locus in t(14;18) bearing lymphomas. Bcl-2, while B cell associated, is expressed in a variety of hematopoietic lineages including T cells. Bcl-2 mRNA levels are high during pre-B cell development, the time at which the t(14;18) translocation occurs, but are down regulated with maturation. Like certain other oncogenes, Bcl-2 is quiescent in resting B cells but up-regulated with B cell activation. Mature B cell lymphomas with a t(14;18) have log-folds more mRNA than matched counterparts without the translocation. A sensitive S1 protection assay revealed that all transcripts in t(14;18) B cells were Bcl-2-Ig fusion mRNAs and originated from the translocated allele. Thus, there is a marked deregulation of Bcl-2 when it is introduced into the Ig locus in t(14;18) lymphomas. PMID- 3500183 TI - Z-type alpha 1-antitrypsin is less competent than M1-type alpha 1-antitrypsin as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency resulting from homozygous inheritance of the Z-type alpha 1AT gene is associated with serum alpha 1AT levels of less than 50 mg/dl and the development of emphysema in the third to fourth decades. Despite the overwhelming evidence that the emphysema of PiZZ individuals develops because of a "deficiency" of alpha 1AT and hence an insufficient antineutrophil elastase defense of the lung, epidemiologic evidence has shown that levels of alpha 1AT of only 80 mg/dl protect the lung from an increased risk of emphysema. With this background, we hypothesized that homozygous inheritance of the Z-type may confer an added risk beyond a simple deficiency of alpha 1AT by virtue of an inability of the Z-type alpha 1AT molecule to inhibit neutrophil elastase as effectively as the common M1-type molecule. To evaluate this hypothesis, the functional status of alpha 1AT from PiZZ individuals (n = 10) was compared with that of alpha 1AT from PiM1M1 individuals (n = 7) for its ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase (percent inhibition) as well as its association rate constant for neutrophil elastase (K association). Plasma alpha 1AT concentration, measured by radial immunodiffusion, was 34 +/- 1 mg/dl in PiZZ patients vs. 237 +/- 14 mg/dl for PiM1M1 plasma, a sevenfold difference. When titrated against neutrophil elastase, the present inhibition of PiZZ plasma was significantly less than Pi M1M1 plasma (ZZ 78 +/- 1% vs. M1M1 95 +/- 1%, P less than 0.001) as was purified Z type alpha 1AT (ZZ, 63 +/- 2% vs. M1M1 86 +/- 2%, P less than 0.001). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel comparisons of the complexes formed with M1-type alpha 1AT and Z-type alpha 1AT with elastase demonstrated the Z alpha 1AT-elastase complexes were less stable than the M1 alpha 1AT-elastase complexes, thus releasing some of the enzyme to continue to function as a protease. Consistent with these observations, the K association of purified Z-type alpha 1AT for neutrophil elastase was lower than that of M1-type alpha 1AT (ZZ 4.5 +/- 0.3 X 10(6) M-1s-1 vs. M1M1 9.7 +/- 0.4 X 10(6) M-1s-1, P less than 0.001), suggesting that for the population of alpha 1AT molecules, the active Z-type molecules take more than twice as long as the active M1-type alpha 1AT to inhibit neutrophil elastase. Consequently, not only is there less alpha1AT in PiZZ individuals, but the population of Z-type alpha1AT molecules is less competent as an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase than M1-type alpha1AT molecules. This combination of defects suggests that PiZZ individuals have far less functional antielastase protection than suggested by the reduced concentrations of alpha1AT alone, further explaining their profound risk for development of emphysema. PMID- 3500186 TI - Development of partial tolerance to the gastrointestinal effects of high doses of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rodents. AB - Treatment of healthy rats and mice with a single intravenous injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) caused a dose dependent gastrointestinal inflammation. Within 30 min gastric emptying was blocked and tissue edema occurred in the small and large intestine. In the cecum hemorrhage occurred after 4 h at doses greater than or equal to 250 micrograms/kg. The cecum exhibited an acute inflammatory response following rHuTNF-alpha treatment similar to that seen in tumor necrosis at the same dose. The vascular endothelium became swollen, increased numbers of neutrophils and other leukocytes attached to and penetrated the endothelium, and finally hemorrhage occurred. Treatment of rats with daily injections of rHuTNF-alpha (250 micrograms/kg per d) for 3 wk failed to produce cachexia. Within 24-48 h rats became resistant to the hemorrhagic effect of rHuTNF-alpha, however, the cytokine still caused a transitory block of gastric emptying after 10 d of treatment. Treatment at 5- or 10-d intervals produced results similar to the initial injection. These results suggest that maximum hemorrhagic response will occur when rHuTNF-alpha is administered at intervals of 5-10 d rather than daily. PMID- 3500185 TI - Regulation of factor XIa activity by platelets and alpha 1-protease inhibitor. AB - We have studied the complex interrelationships between platelets, Factor XIa, alpha 1-protease inhibitor and Factor IX activation. Platelets were shown to secrete an inhibitor of Factor XIa, and to protect Factor XIa from inactivation in the presence of alpha 1-protease inhibitor and the secreted platelet inhibitor. This protection of Factor XIa did not arise from the binding of Factor XIa to platelets, the presence of high molecular weight kininogen, or the inactivation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor by platelets. The formation of a complex between alpha 1-protease inhibitor and the active-site-containing light chain of Factor XIa was inhibited by activated platelets and by platelet releasates, but not by high molecular weight kininogen. These results support the hypothesis that platelets can regulate Factor XIa-catalyzed Factor IX activation by secreting an inhibitor of Factor XIa that may act primarily outside the platelet microenvironment and by protecting Factor XIa from inhibition, thereby localizing Factor IX activation to the platelet plug. PMID- 3500188 TI - Selenium and the growth of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - One of the growth media in current use for Haemophilus ducreyi comprises Mueller Hinton agar, chocolatised horse blood, serum and IsoVitalex (BBL). For a better understanding of growth factors, attempts were made to simplify this complex medium. The horse blood was replaced by haemin (200 micrograms/ml), the serum by albumin (0.2%), and IsoVitalex was substituted only by L-glutamine 0.01%. Most of the strains grew, but when selenium ions were added in a concentration of 3.25 x 10(-3) micrograms/ml, growth was stimulated and became more luxuriant than growth on conventional media. PMID- 3500189 TI - An open trial of fluoxetine in the treatment of panic attacks. AB - Fluoxetine is a new antidepressant with pharmacologic effects apparently limited to blockade of neuronal serotonin reuptake. We entered 20 patients who met DSM III criteria for either panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks into an open, uncontrolled pilot study of fluoxetine. Four responded to placebo in the week before fluoxetine administration and were dropped from the study. Of the remaining 16 patients, nine were nonresponders and seven were responders, with complete cessation of their panic attacks. Eight of the nine nonresponders were unable to tolerate the side effects of fluoxetine. In contrast, all of the responders (and one nonresponder) experienced minimal side effects. Fluoxetine may be effective in the treatment of panic attacks, perhaps implicating the serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Future studies should use very low doses of fluoxetine to initiate treatment. PMID- 3500187 TI - T cell receptor alpha-chain gene rearrangements in B-precursor leukemia are in contrast to the findings in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Comparative study of T cell receptor gene rearrangement in childhood leukemia. AB - We have analyzed T cell receptor alpha-chain gene configuration using three genomic joining (J) region probes in 64 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 11 out of 18 T-ALLs were T3 positive; alpha-chain gene rearrangements were demonstrated in only two of 18, indicating that the majority of T-ALLs would have rearrangements involving J alpha segments located upstream of these probes. In contrast, 15 out of 46 B-precursor ALLs showed rearrangements of the alpha-chain gene and J alpha segments located approximately 20-30 kb upstream of the constant region were involved in 13 of these patients. Nine of 15 B-precursor ALLs with rearranged alpha-chain genes had rearrangements of both gamma- and beta-chain genes, whereas the remaining six had no rearrangements of gamma- and beta-chain genes. These findings indicated that alpha-chain gene rearrangement is not specific for T lineage cells and gamma- and/or beta-chain gene rearrangement does not appear essential for alpha-chain gene rearrangement, at least in B-precursor leukemic cells. PMID- 3500190 TI - Differential localization of alkaline phosphatase in barrier tissues of the frog and rat nervous systems: a cytochemical and biochemical study. AB - We investigated the localization of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the peripheral and central nervous systems of the frog (Rana pipiens) and rat. In the frog sciatic nerve, AP reaction product was seen as a precipitate within caveolae and vesicular profiles of perineurial cells, and frequently filled the extracellular space. In the rat peripheral nerve, AP reaction product appeared as small tufts on the cell surfaces and within vesicular profiles of endoneurial blood vessels. AP reaction product was not detected in the rat perineurium or in endoneurial blood vessels of the frog. In the frog central nervous system, AP reaction product was detected in the arachnoid membrane adjacent to the subarachnoid space, but not in the cerebral or pial vessels, whereas in the rat it was detected in the outer arachnoid membrane and in the cerebral and pial blood vessels. Biochemical analysis indicated a sevenfold higher AP activity in the frog perineurium over the endoneurium, whereas in the rat, threefold more activity was measured in the endoneurium over the perineurium. Levamisole, an AP inhibitor, decreased the enzyme activity by 95% in rat tissues, and by 70% in frog tissues and in plasma from both animals. Similar decrements were observed cytochemically. This study suggests that: (1) the distribution of AP varies between species, but that it is always present in at least one component of the blood-brain and blood-nerve barriers, (2) because barrier tissues of the nervous system have enzymatic activity, they may biochemically modify the adjacent environment, (3) vesicular profiles and caveolae in the blood vessels and perineurium may function as microenvironments for enzymatic activity, and (4) in the rat and frog, different isozymes of AP may be present. PMID- 3500191 TI - Dose response and time course for induction of T6- DR+ human epidermal antigen presenting cells by in vivo ultraviolet A, B, and C irradiation. AB - In vivo ultraviolet (UV) exposure of human skin abrogates the antigen-presenting function of T6+ DR+ Langerhans cells and induces the appearance of antigen presenting T6- DR+ epidermal melanophages. UV-exposed epidermal cells containing T6- DR+ epidermal antigen-presenting cells, in contrast to unexposed epidermal cells containing T6+ DR+ Langerhans cells, potently activate autoreactive regulatory T cells in the absence of exogenous antigens. Autoreactive T cells may be important for regulation of other immune responses such as those which occur in photosensitive lupus erythematosus and in immune surveillance of UV-induced skin cancers. It is therefore imperative to determine the factors that govern their appearance in the skin. It was found that UVB and UVC, but not UVA, induced a dose-dependent appearance of T6- DR+ epidermal melanophages. The optimal time of appearance was 2 or 3 days after UVB and UVC exposure. In contrast, UVA was a poor inducer of T6- DR+ cells at all doses and all time points tested. Although UVA was a poor inducer of T6- DR+ epidermal cells, UVA radiation resulted in depletion of T6+ DR+ Langerhans cells from the epidermis, as did UVB and UVC radiation. This differential effect of UV wave bands on the immunocompetent cells in human skin may be related to the greater potential of UVB exposure to induce skin cancers and to exacerbate systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3500192 TI - Intracranial granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma): MR findings. AB - Complications of the central nervous system are not uncommon in patients with a diagnosis of leukemia including infections and hemorrhage. We present the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in two leukemic patients who presented with masses in the cerebellopontine angle and in the cavernous and the sphenoid sinuses. The MR signal displayed by these two lesions was isointense to the brain on both T1- and T2-weighted images. This signal intensity differs from that observed in cases of hemorrhage or infection. PMID- 3500193 TI - Facial nerve neuromas: CT findings. AB - Although neuromas of the facial nerve are rare, they present with uniform clinical and radiological findings. Their pluridirectional tomography findings have been well described; however, the appearance of the intracranial extension of the neuroma which is best visualized by CT has not been emphasized. We report five cases of facial nerve neuromas with particular attention to their intracranial extension. For comparative purposes we also have reviewed 10 cases of acoustic and eight cases of trigeminal neuromas, all involving the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and the middle cranial fossa. Two of the five facial nerve neuromas affected the second and third segments of the facial canal, and three involved both the CPA and the middle cranial fossa spreading across the midpetrosal bone. This type of tumor extension seems to be characteristic of facial nerve neuromas. In acoustic and trigeminal neuromas the tumor crossing toward the middle fossa takes place via the tentorial hiatus (acoustic) and the petrous apex (trigeminal). PMID- 3500194 TI - Three dimensional image correlation of CT, MR, and PET studies in radiotherapy treatment planning of brain tumors. AB - A treatment planning system for stereotactic convergent beam irradiation of deeply localized brain tumors is reported. The treatment technique consists of several moving field irradiations in noncoplanar planes at a linear accelerator facility. Using collimated narrow beams, a high concentration of dose within small volumes with a dose gradient of 10-15%/mm was obtained. The dose calculation was based on geometrical information of multiplanar CT or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data. The patient's head was fixed in a stereotactic localization system, which is usable at CT, MR, and positron emission tomography (PET) installations. Special computer programs for correction of the geometrical MR distortions allowed a precise correlation of the different imaging modalities. The therapist can use combinations of CT, MR, and PET data for defining target volume. For instance, the superior soft tissue contrast of MR coupled with the metabolic features of PET may be a useful addition in the radiation treatment planning process. Furthermore, other features such as calculated dose distribution to critical structures can also be transferred from one set of imaging data to another and can be displayed as three-dimensional shaded structures. PMID- 3500195 TI - Preparation and characterization of immobilized beta-lactamase for destruction of penicillin in milk. AB - beta-Lactamase I (Bacillus cereus) was covalently bound to cyanogen bromide activated, crosslinked agarose. An initial 5.00 mg of soluble beta-lactamase were used in the immobilization reaction for each preparation, and average coupling yield was 80.5%. Of the enzyme immobilized on the matrix, an average 53.4% remained active. To minimize diffusional effects on immobilized enzyme activity, reaction mixtures were rotated at 250 rpm throughout the study. The shape of the pH activity curve of the immobilized enzyme was identical to that of the soluble enzyme; both exhibited optimum pH around 7.0. In general, only 2-fold differences in Michaelis constant and maximum volume were observed between native and immobilized enzyme when penicillin G was used as the substrate. However, the Michaelis constant of the immobilized enzyme increased up to 22-fold that of the native enzyme when cephaloridine was used as the substrate. The immobilized enzyme exhibited enhanced stability in the acidic pH region in contrast to the native enzyme, which had superior stability in the alkaline pH region. The heat stability of the immobilized enzyme was about twice that of native enzyme after heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Approximately a 10% increase of storage stability on immobilization of beta-lactamase was observed when stored at room temperature (23 +/- 1 degree C) for up to 6 d in the absence of antimicrobial agents. Little loss of activity (less than 2%) was noted after repeated use of the immobilized enzyme up to seven times each in 10.0 ml of skim milk containing .5 U/ml penicillin G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500196 TI - [Importance of phase asynchrony of sensory signals in the mechanisms of development of motion sickness]. PMID- 3500197 TI - [Ability of para-aminobenzoic acid to restore the activity of alkaline ribonuclease]. PMID- 3500198 TI - Sustained B-lymphocyte immunodeficiency attributed to phenytoin therapy. PMID- 3500199 TI - Cross-sectional evaluation of potential biological markers of aging in pigtailed macaques: effects of age, sex, and diet. AB - The objective of our research was to establish a useful battery of innocuous tests suitable for detecting individual differences in biological aging rate in pigtailed macaques. Data were gathered from more than 60 animals of three age groups (8 to 9, 12 to 17, and 18 to 28 years olds) fed two diets differing in lipid, cholesterol, complex carbohydrate, refined sugar, and sodium chloride content. Candidate variables for an aging battery were identified in a cross sectional analysis by performing a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the effects of age, sex, and diet on each of 72 variables. Twenty-eight variables were found to be influenced by age. By examining patterns of differences among means, 20 variables were identified that show promise of being useful, including, for example, rectal body temperature, blood albumin, immunoglobulin A, fingernail growth rate, bone thickness, and blood calcium. The set of variables used to estimate biological aging might not be identical for all age-sex classes. PMID- 3500200 TI - Selective contracting for hospital care based on volume, quality, and price: prospects, problems, and unanswered questions. AB - There is a burgeoning interest in selective contracting for specialized hospital services based on volume, price, and quality. The systematic exclusion or inclusion of particular institutions has been extolled by some as an arrangement to reduce costs and by others as a means to increase quality of care. However, little is known about the issues and problems associated with selective contracting based on objective criteria rather than negotiations. Identification of individual institutions with performance significantly better or poorer than expected based on statistical norms is difficult and should be viewed as no more than a first step in evaluating quality and price performance. Actual data on 37 hospitals that provide coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a metropolitan region are used to illustrate some major prospects, problems, and situations arising when certain institutions are considered for exclusion from or inclusion in third-party payment programs. Selective contracting in local areas can potentially decrease duplication of services, reduce cost to purchasers, and lower expected mortality and morbidity for some patient groups. However, these gains must be evaluated against reductions in continuity of care and access to care, potential increases in mortality and morbidity for certain segments of the population, and substantial political problems. PMID- 3500201 TI - Endoscopic treatment of Dieulafoy hemorrhage. AB - Bleeding from a Dieulafoy lesion is an underdiagnosed source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The literature is almost universally in support of surgical therapy as its treatment. We report three patients with bleeding Dieulafoy lesions who were treated successfully with endoscopic therapy--two by bipolar electrocoagulation and one by endoscopic sclerotherapy. PMID- 3500202 TI - Spontaneous intramural esophageal hematoma. Diagnosis by CT scanning. AB - We describe a patient who suffered a spontaneous intramural esophageal hematoma while taking aspirin and dipyridamole. The diagnosis was initially made at endoscopy, with confirmation by computed tomography (CT). CT scanning was particularly valuable in both the diagnosis and in the follow-up of this lesion. As the prognosis for a spontaneous intramural esophageal hematoma is good with conservative management, its specific definition by computed tomography should facilitate proper management decisions. PMID- 3500203 TI - Bleeding from intestinal varices after a Warren shunt. AB - A 62-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding 4 years after a Warren operation. Angiographic examination suggested that the bleeding was due to ruptured jejunal varices. Treatment by propranolol and a side-to-side portacaval shunt failed to prevent further bleeding. An emergency laparotomy for life-threatening gastrointestinal (GI) rebleeding disclosed dense hypervascular adhesions between the second jejunal loop and the retroperitoneum, and a large submucosal varix of the jejunum that had ruptured. Development of intestinal varices after a Warren operation is facilitated by the persistence of a high pressure in the mesenteric territory and by adhesions between the initial part of the intestine and the area of dissection of the renal vein. This case illustrates one of the possible causes of rebleeding after a Warren operation. PMID- 3500205 TI - Giant leiomyoma of the esophagus as a cause for gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 3500206 TI - Interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 enhance proopiomelanocortin gene expression in pituitary cells. PMID- 3500204 TI - Gastric antral vascular ectasia ("watermelon stomach"): first bleeding after aortic valve replacement. PMID- 3500208 TI - Evidence for an association between CD8 molecules and the T cell receptor complex on cytotoxic T cells. AB - The T cell differentiation molecule CD8 is thought to play an important role in class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell activities but the precise function of this molecule is unknown. To explore this question, we have studied several CD3+, CD8+ class I alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines and clones. The ability of these CTL to proliferate as well as to lyse specific targets was inhibited by either anti-CD3 or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Exposure of CTL to relevant but not irrelevant target cells induced the rapid (less than 1 hr) disappearance of approximately 20 to 30% of CD3 and CD8 molecules from the cell surface. The modulation of these molecules became maximal at 6 to 12 hr and recovered thereafter in parallel. Treatment of CTL with anti-CD8 prevented alloantigen-induced modulation of CD3, and treatment with anti CD3 blocked modulation of CD8. Incubation of CTL with the combination of anti-CD3 and goat anti-mouse Ig also resulted in modulation of CD8. In contrast, the expression of other CTL surface antigens, such as CD2 (Leu-5, T11) and HLA-DR, was not reduced by any of these manipulations. These results suggest that CD8 molecules are associated with the CD3/antigen receptor complex on the surface of CTL, and may play a direct role in antigen-induced modulation and cross-linking of the T cell receptor. PMID- 3500207 TI - Studies on the mechanism of stimulation of T cells by the Mycoplasma arthritidis derived mitogen. Role of class II IE molecules. AB - A mitogen derived from the supernatant of broth cultures of Mycoplasma arthritidis (MAS-P) stimulates a proliferative response by normal, unprimed T cells and interleukin 2 production by some, but not all, T cell hybridomas. The response requires an IE-positive accessory cell (AC). The direct participation of IE, and not IA, in this system was confirmed by two sets of experiments. First, L cells transfected with IE, but not IA, provided effective AC function for both normal T cells and the T cell hybridoma DO-11.10. Second, we have taken a more direct approach by showing that purified IE incorporated in liposomes and used to coat glass beads can support the MAS-P response of the DO-11.10 T cell hybridoma in the absence of intact AC or other AC molecules. Although the receptor for IE MAS-P has not been identified, we have eliminated from consideration two potential T cell recognition structures. Monoclonal antibody to the antigen-major histocompatibility complex specific receptor failed to inhibit the MAS-P response of DO-11.10 or the T cell line LBRM-33. Furthermore, the L3T4 molecule did not appear to be involved since an L3T4-negative variant of DO-11.10 responded well to the mitogen. In addition, we show that both Lyt-2-positive and L3T4-positive T cells respond to this class II-restricted stimulus. Thus, we postulate the existence of a non-T cell receptor, non-L3T4 receptor that recognizes MAS-P in association with a presumed nonpolymorphic region of IE. PMID- 3500209 TI - Functional competency of T cell antigen receptors in human thymus. AB - The T cell antigen receptor is likely to play a role in both positive and negative selection in the thymus. Three populations of thymocytes can be distinguished by the level of expression of the CD3-alpha/beta-chain heterodimer of the T cell antigen receptor (CD3/Ti alpha/beta) complex. Cells which fail to express these receptors or express low levels of receptors are contained in a population of thymocytes which express low levels of the CD5 antigen and are predominantly CD4+/CD8+. Thus, these cells appear to be relatively immature phenotypically. In contrast, the cells which express high levels of CD3/Ti alpha/beta co-express high levels of CD5 and are predominantly contained in the more mature single positive cells which express either CD4 or CD8. With the calcium-sensitive dye, Indo-1, and immunofluorescence, we demonstrated that, despite the relative phenotypic immaturity of cells which express low levels of CD3/Ti alpha/beta, these antigen receptors are able to mediate transmembrane signaling when stimulated with CD3 monoclonal antibodies. Although increases in calcium were observed in these CD3/Ti alpha/beta-low expressing cells in response to anti-CD3, no proliferative response was observed, even in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate. Proliferative responses were observed in the more mature cells which express high levels of CD3/Ti alpha/beta. These results suggest that, rather than a defect in the functional capability of the antigen receptor complex to mediate transmembrane signaling events, cellular responses to signals generated by the antigen receptor may differ at various stages of thymocyte development. PMID- 3500210 TI - Contrasuppressor cells that break oral tolerance are antigen-specific T cells distinct from T helper (L3T4+), T suppressor (Lyt-2+), and B cells. AB - Continuous gastric intubation of mice with the T cell-dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) leads to a state of systemic unresponsiveness to parenteral SRBC challenge, a state termed oral tolerance. The systemic unresponsiveness of mice rendered orally tolerant to SRBC, however, is converted to humoral immune responsiveness by adoptive transfer of effector T contrasuppressor (Tcs) cells. In this study, the authors have isolated and characterized the Tcs cell subset, from the spleens of orally immunized mice, which abrogates oral tolerance. This Tcs cell is a novel cell type, which can be separated from functional T suppressor (Lyt-2+) and T helper (L3T4+) cells, and the effector Tcs cell exhibits a Lyt-1+, 2-, L3T4- phenotype. Furthermore, contrasuppression is not mediated by B cells, including those of the Lyt-1+ phenotype. Adoptive transfer of splenic Lyt-1+, 2-, L3T4- T cells from C3H/HeJ mice given oral SRBC for 21 to 28 days and splenic Lyt-1+, 2-, L3T4- T cells of C3H/HeN mice orally immunized for a shorter interval abrogated oral tolerance. Furthermore, separation of Lyt 1+ T cells into L3T4+ and L3T4- subsets by flow cytometry resulted in Lyt-1+, L3T4+ T cells with helper but not contrasuppressor function, whereas the Lyt-1+, L3T4- T cell fraction abrogated oral tolerance even though it was without helper activity. This Tcs cell subset was also effective when added to cultures of tolerized spleen cells derived from SRBC-fed mice. The effector Tcs cells are antigen-specific, because Tcs cells from SRBC-immunized mice reverse tolerance to SRBC but not to horse erythrocytes (HRBC), and Tcs cells from HRBC-immunized mice reverse tolerance to HRBC but not to SRBC. When splenic T3 (CD3)-positive T cells (Lyt-1+, 2-, and L3T4-) were separated into Vicia villosa-adherent and nonadherent subpopulations, active contrasuppression was associated with the T3 positive and Vicia villosa-adherent T cell fraction. Thus, a distinct Lyt-1+, 2-, L3T4- T cell subset that contains a T3-T cell receptor complex, which can regulate oral tolerance, is present in spleens of orally immunized mice. PMID- 3500211 TI - B7, a B-cell-restricted antigen that identifies preactivated B cells. AB - After activation with antigen or mitogen, a number of cell surface proteins appear that are not expressed on resting B cells. To date, a number of B lineage restricted and associated activation antigens have been reported that appear at distinct intervals after in vitro activation. In this report, we describe a new B lineage restricted activation antigen (B7) that appears within 24 hr of in vitro stimulation. The expression of B7 antigen, which is detected on a minor subpopulation of B cells isolated from peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, is strongly induced following stimulation with either anti-immunoglobulin or Epstein Barr virus. In contrast, B7 was not detected on resting or activated T cells or monocytes. The B7 antigen was expressed on a subset of B cell lines and B cell neoplasms, but was not detected on leukemias and lymphomas of T cell or myeloid origin. B7 was distinguished from other B cell restricted and associated activation antigens by its unique pattern of expression on a variety of hemopoietic cell lines. The biochemical characterization of B7, that it is a single chain protein of 60 kDa, further distinguishes it from other B cell activation antigens. The functional importance of the B7 antigen was demonstrated when splenic B cells were fractionated into the B7+ and B7- populations. The peak of proliferation in response to anti-Ig, appeared earlier within the B7+ population. These studies suggest that B7 antigen identifies a subpopulation of B cells that are preactivated or primed in vivo, and have an accelerated response to subsequent activation via cross-linking of surface Ig. PMID- 3500212 TI - Effect of auranofin treatment on aberrant splenic interleukin production in adjuvant arthritic rats. AB - Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats is associated with a number of immunologic abnormalities which include a marked decrease in spleen cell mitogenic responses. In this study we investigated the altered production of interleukins in arthritic rats and evaluated the effects of auranofin treatment on disease progression and aberrant interleukin production. The capacity of the AA rat spleen cells to produce interleukin (IL) 2 and IL-3 was found to decrease during the development of the arthritic lesion, with maximum suppression occurring 16 to 17 days after adjuvant injection. In contrast, the production of IL-1 by splenic adherent cells from arthritic rats was markedly increased. Prophylactic treatment of AA rats with auranofin resulted in a slight reduction in paw edema, a complete normalization of the depressed IL-2 production, and a reduction of the elevated IL-1 production, but had no effect on the depressed IL 3 production. In contrast, auranofin administered to normal rats, in the same dosing regimen, did not affect interleukin production. Therapeutic administration of auranofin to AA rats with established disease resulted in normalization of IL 1 production without affecting the suppressed IL-2 and IL-3 levels. In contrast, while indomethacin treatment effectively decreased paw edema, it did not appreciably affect the systemic aberrant interleukin production. Taken together, these results suggest that disease-associated abnormalities in interleukin production may be mediated by different mechanisms with differential sensitivity to the effects of the disease-modifying drug auranofin. Furthermore, defining the relationship between drug-mediated normalization of aberrant immune parameters and clinical improvement will provide a basis for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of disease-modifying antiarthritic drugs as well as for assessment of clinical efficacy of drug treatment. PMID- 3500213 TI - Joint inflammation in mice induced by a MT4+ Lyt-2- T cell clone. Characteristics and the induction of flare-up reactions. AB - Joint inflammations were induced in mice by cloned MT4+ Lyt-2- T cells specific for methylated bovine serum albumin. This was done either by intra-articular or by i.v. administration of the cloned T cells, together with local injection of the antigen. Local rechallenge with methylated bovine serum albumin several weeks after waning of the joint inflammation caused a flare-up reaction. The inflammations were quantified by a 99mTc-uptake method and examined histologically. The arthritis induced by the cloned T cells showed aspects of a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction characterized by an intense infiltrate which resembles the inflammation in the human rheumatoid joint. The data presented show that joint inflammations can be induced by T cells only and that, after waning, reexposition to the original antigen can induce a flare-up reaction. The data suggest a central role of T cells in the induction and the exacerbations observed in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3500214 TI - Mechanisms of HLA-DR antigen expression in phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells in man. Requirement of T cell recognition of self HLA-DR antigen expressed on the surface of monocytes. AB - Signals required for expression of HLA-DR (DR) antigen in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated human peripheral blood T cells were examined. T cells were purified by a four-step procedure, which included depletion of glass-adherent cells, 53% Percoll gradient centrifugation, nylon wool column passage, and treatment with mouse monoclonal antibodies directed to human HLA-DR antigen and Leu M1 antigen plus complement. Purified T cells responded poorly to PHA but with the combination stimuli of PHA and recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL-2), resting T cells proliferated as well as T cells cultured with 10% monocytes and PHA. But well proliferated T cells in the absence of monocytes expressed very poor DR antigen after 7 to 8 days of culture. DR expression of T cells was restored by the addition of 10% monocytes. Allogeneic monocytes also helped proliferative responses of PHA-activated T cells but did not help the expression of DR antigen. These results suggested that signals required for T cell proliferation (PHA and rIL-2) were not sufficient for DR expression in this system and further monocytes were essentially required in a HLA-restricted manner. In the next experiment, we examined the role of membrane molecules in monocytes for transmission of signals that induce activated T cells to express DR antigen. Autologous monocytes were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde and added to T cells in the presence of PHA and rIL-2. Fixed monocytes could help DR antigen expression of PHA-activated T cells as well as viable monocytes. But when fixed monocytes were pretreated with anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody, they could not help DR expression of T cells any longer. These results suggested that for the expression of DR antigen, PHA-activated T cells had to first recognize self DR antigen expressed on the surface of monocytes before proliferation occurred. PMID- 3500215 TI - Polyreactive autoantibodies are nephritogenic in murine lupus nephritis. AB - To characterize the antibodies that form glomerular immune deposits in lupus nephritis, immunoglobulin (Ig) was eluted from the perfused kidney cortices of female MLR-lpr/lpr mice with early nephritis. The eluted Ig was predominantly IgG with antibody activity against DNA, multiple polynucleotides, SmRNP, gp70, and levan that was greater than the serum antibody activity of age- and sex-matched mice. Of particular interest, both kidney eluate and serum anti-DNA antibodies were observed to cross-react with multiple polynucleotides; however, only the kidney eluate Ig cross-reacted with phospholipids and RNA. Furthermore, the anti DNA antibodies in the kidney eluate also cross-reacted with SmRNP and gp70; these ligand-binding properties were shared by the Ig in the kidney eluate that did not bind to DNA; and both kidney eluate fractions shared Id-H130 activity (a high frequency MRL-1pr/1pr idiotype). In contrast, the spectrotypes of Ig in the kidney eluate were found to be similar to serum, and they were observed to be between isoelectric points 6.5 to 7.8. Both the anti-DNA antibodies and the Ig that did not bind to DNA had similar isoelectric points throughout this entire range. These findings indicate that polyreactivity is a distinguishing feature of nephritogenic autoantibodies. They also raise the possibility that these ligand binding properties influence the capacity of autoantibodies to form immune deposits. This influence could occur because polyreactive antibodies cross-react with antigenic determinants within the normal glomerular capillary wall. Alternatively, polyreactive antibodies may more readily form circulating immune complexes that are, in turn, passively trapped within the glomerulus. PMID- 3500216 TI - Signal requirement for interleukin-1-dependent interleukin 2 production by a human leukemia-derived HSB.2 subclone. AB - We have previously established subclones from human leukemia-derived HSB.2 cell line that produced high levels of interleukin (IL) 2 when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and IL-1. Herein, we investigated the signal requirement for IL-2 production, particularly concerning the role of IL-1 in this system. PHA but not IL-1 rendered marked protein kinase C (PKC) activation and IL-2 production induced by PHA plus IL-1 was totally abrogated by a potent PKC inhibitor, H-7. Concomitantly, PHA alone caused marked Ca2+ influx, whereas IL-1 neither induced Ca2+ influx nor augmented PHA-induced Ca2+ influx. As expected, a signal delivered by PHA could be substituted by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin while IL-1 was still indispensable, indicating that at least three signals, i.e., those delivered by IL-1 as well as PKC activation and Ca2+ influx were required for optimal IL-2 production. Kinetic study indicated that while PMA and ionomycin should be added at the initiation of culture, delayed addition of IL-1 up to 4 hr later induced even higher levels of IL-2 production, demonstrating the requirement for IL-1 after PKC activation and Ca2+ influx. In this system, it was revealed that IL-1 was not involved in PKC activation, Ca2+ influx, and breakdown of phosphatidylinositols. Whereas PMA, ionomycin, and IL-1 stimulated high levels of IL-2 production, those combinations of signals did not induce breakdown of phosphatidylinositols. It should be noted that IL-2 production induced by these three signals seemed to bypass hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols in contrast to PHA plus IL-1 stimulation that was accompanied with a marked breakdown of phosphatidylinositols. PMID- 3500217 TI - Role of B cell stimulatory factor 1/interleukin 4 in clonal proliferation of B cells. AB - B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1)/interleukin 4 (IL-4) has striking effects on colony formation in soft agar by small resting B lymphocytes. BSF-1 alone induces colony formation in this cell population, presumably in costimulation with a mitogenic substance present in bacto-agar. In costimulation with anti-IgM antibodies, BSF-1 caused initial proliferation of 8 to 10% of B cells, resulting in a large number of cell clusters (10 to 40 cells/clone) after 3 to 4 days of incubation. However, substantial number of colonies (greater than 40 cells/clone) developed only from these clusters when IL-1 was added to the cultures. Using a modified immunoperoxidase staining technique for the determination of IgM allotype, evidence was obtained that B cell colonies stimulated with BSF-1 are derived from a single progenitor cell. Neutralization of BSF-1 with 11B11 after a culture period of 1 to 4 days inhibits further proliferation of B cell colonies, indicating that the action of BSF-1 extends for several cell generations beyond initial stimulation from the resting state. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the synergistic action of IL-1 with BSF-1 is confined to the late culture period, indicating a growth-promoting effect by IL-1 for activated B cells. PMID- 3500218 TI - Synergistic and antagonistic effects of recombinant human interleukin (IL) 3, IL 1 alpha, granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF and M-CSF) on the growth of GM-CSF-dependent leukemic cell lines. AB - Three human leukemia cell lines (TALL-101, AML-193, and MV4-11) that require granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for growth in a chemically defined medium were examined for their response to recombinant human (rh) cytokines. Either rh interleukin (IL)-3 or rhGM-CSF alone supported the long term growth of all three cell lines, and the two growth factors acted synergistically to stimulate the proliferation of the early T lymphoblastic leukemia (TALL-101) and of the monocytic leukemia (AML-193) cells. However, IL-3 antagonized the proliferation of the biphenotypic B-myelomonocytic leukemia (MV4 11) cells in the presence of GM-CSF when both factors were used at very low concentrations. The rh granulocyte (G)-CSF independently supported the long and short term growth of AML-193 and MV4-11, respectively, and synergized with GM-CSF in inducing proliferation of these cells. By contrast, G-CSF did not stimulate TALL-101 cell growth and antagonized the effect of GM-CSF such that proliferation was arrested. Although neither rh macrophage (M)-CSF nor rhIL-1 alpha independently promoted proliferation of the three leukemia cell lines, these cytokines were able to either up- or down-regulate the GM-CSF-dependent growth of these cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that leukemic cells often require the synergistic action of several cytokines for optimal growth, whereas other combinations of factors may be growth-inhibitory. This raises the possibility that multiple hemopoietic growth factors sustain or control leukemic cell proliferation also in vivo. In addition, the observation the G-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-1 alpha can, in some cases, arrest cell proliferation without inducing differentiation suggests that the programs of proliferative arrest and differentiation in leukemic cells can be dissociated. PMID- 3500219 TI - Structural analysis of an HLA-B27 functional variant, B27d, detected in American blacks. AB - The structure of a new functional variant B27d has been established by comparative peptide mapping and radiochemical sequencing. This analysis completes the structural characterization of the six known histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 subtypes. The only detected amino acid change between the main HLA-B27.1 subtype and B27d is that of Tyr59 to His59. Position 59 has not been previously found to vary among class I HLA or H-2 antigens. Such substitution accounts for the reported isoelectric focusing pattern of this variant. HLA-B27d is the only B27 variant found to differ from other subtypes by a single amino acid replacement. The nature of the change is compatible with its origin by a point mutation from HLA-B27.1. Because B27d was found only in American blacks and in no other ethnic groups, it is suggested that this variant originated as a result of a mutation of the B27.1 gene that occurred within the black population. PMID- 3500220 TI - The expression of membrane and secreted immunoglobulin during the in vitro differentiation of the murine B cell lymphoma CH12. AB - The expression of membrane and secreted IgM was analyzed during mitogen-induced differentiation of the murine B cell lymphoma CH12. To characterize the Ig genes used by CH12, the nucleotide sequences of the variable gene segments (V mu and V kappa) were determined. The expressed V mu gene segment belongs to the VHII NPb related family. The D (FL16.1a) and J (JH2) segments are the same as those used by the NP-specific hybridoma B1-8. The V kappa used by CH12 is almost identical to those used by the oxazolone-specific hybridomas NQ5.89.4 and NQ7.7.1. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces up to 80% of CH12 cells to secrete IgM within 48 hr of culture. The steady state levels of secreted mu (mu s) and kappa mRNA increase four to fivefold over this period in cells stimulated with LPS compared with unstimulated cells. The kinetics are similar for both mRNA and parallel the increase in IgM secretion. EL-4 supernatants induce comparable changes in m mu s and kappa transcript levels. The simultaneous increase in m mu s and kappa transcripts suggests that coordinate control of RNA levels is used to increase the synthesis of secretory IgM during differentiation. The level of mRNA encoding the membrane form of mu (mu m) remains constant in stimulated cells and increases slightly in unstimulated cells. While the net rates of synthesis of membrane-bound mu-chains remain similar during LPS stimulation, the level of surface IgM on secreting cells is reduced three to fivefold. These observations suggest that the level of surface IgM expression during differentiation of CH12 is controlled largely by post-translational mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that the CH12 cell line regulates the expression of membrane and secreted IgM differently during its differentiation. The changes in IgM expression in CH12 parallel those occurring in normal B cells after mitogen or antigen challenge. Thus, the in vitro differentiation of CH12 is a good model for the analysis of late stages of B cell development. PMID- 3500221 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. III. Characterization of LAK precursors and susceptible target cells within the murine thymus. AB - In our search for a biologic role for lymphokine-activated killers (LAK), we examined their generation from murine thymocytes. Normal adult thymocytes were capable of generating LAK upon culture with relatively large doses (500 to 1000 U/ml) of interleukin 2. Normal thymocytes were fractionated into four subsets by virtue of their co-expression of the Lyt-2 and L3T4 markers: Lyt-2+ L3T4+ (2+4+); 2+4-; 2-4+; and 2-4-. None of these subsets had any natural killer activity. Upon examining the ability of these subsets to generate LAK, it was found that the 2-4 subset was the most potent and required the smallest relative amounts of interleukin 2. In addition to lysing tumor cells, thymus-derived LAK were capable of killing "fresh" 2+4+ thymocytes. Fresh 2+4-, 2-4+, 2-4-, and cortisone resistant thymocytes were resistant to lysis by LAK. Upon mitogen stimulation, however, the cortisone-resistant thymocytes and 2+4- thymocytes became LAK susceptible. These data demonstrate a possible mechanism for the elimination of the 2+4+ thymocyte subset which is generally believed to be a "dead-end" population. Moreover, these data suggest a possible biologic role for LAK in the process of thymocyte maturation and intrathymic selection. PMID- 3500222 TI - Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity by the T cell line specific to bacterial peptidoglycans. AB - A T cell line specific for the chemically well-defined peptidoglycan of bacterial cell wall, disaccharide tetrapeptide, was established from Lewis rats immunized with the antigen covalently linked to the autologous rat serum albumin. The antigen specificity was examined with various analogues or derivatives of the peptidoglycan. The cell line was reactive to analogues with the COOH-terminal D amino acid, but least reactive to those with L-amino acid as COOH terminus. Transferring of the T cell line into X-irradiated normal Lewis rats induced delayed-type hypersensitivity in an antigen specific manner. PMID- 3500224 TI - The mechanism of anti-Lyt-2 inhibition of antibody-directed lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Bifunctional antibodies specific for a determinant within the T cell receptor (TcR) complex of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and a determinant expressed on the surface of the target cell will effectively mediate cytolysis. In such a lytic system anti-Lyt-2 antibody can block cytolysis. We have observed that the amount of inhibition varies considerably from clone to clone and surprisingly correlates well with inhibition of conjugate formation as mediated by bifunctional antibody. This implies that inhibition of antibody-mediated killing occurs as the result of reduction of the avidity of the effector cell for its target, the same mechanism responsible for inhibition of receptor-mediated lysis by anti-Lyt-2. In light of the similarity between the mechanism of inhibition by anti-Lyt-2 of receptor mediated and antibody-mediated cytolysis, we compared the ability of anti-Lyt-2 to inhibit cytolysis in these two different assay systems by using a number of different CTL clones. Whereas the majority of secondary CTL clones (presumed to have high affinity TcR) are inhibited equally in both assay systems, most primary CTL (presumed to have low affinity TcR) are more susceptible to inhibition by anti-Lyt-2 in their receptor-specific than their antibody-directed cytolysis. These results, taken together with an apparent correlation between the amount of Lyt-2 expressed on the cell surface and susceptibility to inhibition, suggest anti-Lyt-2 may block CTL function by sterically inhibiting mobility of the TcR complex. PMID- 3500223 TI - The role of Ca2+ in activation of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes for lysis. AB - We carried out a detailed analysis of the requirement for Ca2+ in the lysis of target cells by cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In direct, antigen-specific lysis we always observed an influx of Ca2+ into the CTL concomitant with target cell binding. However, we never observed an increase in CTL Ca2+ content during lectin-mediated lysis, or nonspecific lysis by phorbol myristate acetate-induced CTL. We found that in all three types of lysis (direct, lectin-mediated lysis, C or phorbol myristate acetate-induced) the requirement for Ca2+ in lysis was dictated by the target cell used; the same CTL can kill one target cell in the absence of detectable Ca2+, and absolutely require Ca2+ for the lysis of another target cell. Target cell killing, when it occurred in the absence of Ca2+, was accompanied by microtubule organizing center reorientation in the CTL, showing that this function is not uniformly Ca2+ dependent. These results provide further evidence that Ca2+ is not always required for activation of the lytic pathway in CTL, although Ca2+ may be absolutely required for other CTL functions such as interleukin production or expression of the interleukin 2 receptor. PMID- 3500225 TI - Identification of three major target molecules of IgM antilymphocyte autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Three cell lymphocyte antigens of m.w. 55,000, 70,000, and 105,000 to 110,000 were identified by Western blotting as targets of IgM autoantibodies in serum from a group of 49 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The 55- and 70-kDa antigens were well expressed on unstimulated peripheral T cells, whereas the 105- to 110-kDa target was demonstrable only on mitogen-activated T cells and lymphoblastoid T cell lines. Localization of these molecules to the plasma membrane was established by cytoabsorption experiments in which IgM antibody staining of blotted antigens was specifically absorbed from systemic lupus erythematosus serum during 4 degrees C incubations with intact lymphocytes, and by their detection in purified lymphocyte plasma membranes. While the identity of these target antigens vis a vis known surface determinants was not defined, their expression on peripheral T cells from multiple donors and on cell lines of both undifferentiated (HSB-2) and phenotypically mature (Jurkat; HUT 78) types excluded alloantigens, major histocompatibility complex-encoded determinants, and most T cell differentiation antigens as candidates in this regard. Expression of the IgM autoantibody targets on HSB-2 cells argues against discrete T subset specificities as well. IgM reactivity with the 55-, 70-, and 105- to 110-kDa antigens by blotting was highly correlated with antilymphocyte antibody activity in complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays (Fisher's p less than 0.001), and paralleled flow microfluorimetric and microcytotoxicity quantitation of IgM antibody activity in serial observations of individual patients studied during different phases of disease activity. Taken together, these data suggest that IgM lymphocytotoxic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus are directed predominantly against a limited number of non-T cell subset-specific antigens. PMID- 3500227 TI - Physiology of natural killer cells. In vivo regulation of progenitors by interleukin 3. AB - Adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells to syngeneic lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice was used to study the maturation of natural killer (NK) cells from their progenitors. The NK progenitor cell was found to be asialomonoganglioside negative, (aGM1-) Thy-1-, NK-1-, Ly-1-, Ly-2-, and L3T4-. The NK cells emerging from the bone marrow grafts were aGM1+, NK-1+, Thy-1+/-, Ly-1-, Ly-2-, and L3T4- and to have a target specter similar to that of NK cells isolated from the spleen of normal mice. The regulatory role of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 3 (IL 3) for the maturation of NK cells was examined by exposure of the bone marrow cells to the lymphokines in vitro before bone marrow grafting or by treatment of bone marrow-grafted mice with lymphokines through s.c. implanted miniosmotic pumps. IL-3 antagonized the IL-2-induced maturation of NK cells in vitro and strongly inhibited the generation of NK cells after adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells in vivo. The suppressive effect of IL-3 was evident throughout the treatment period (8 or 16 days) but was apparently reversible because NK activity returned to control levels within 8 days after cessation of treatment. The inhibition of cytotoxic activity was accompanied by a reduced appearance of cells with the NK phenotypic markers aGM1 or NK-1, indicating that not only the cytotoxic activity of NK cells but also their actual formation was inhibited. Concomitantly, a moderate increase in cells expressing the T cell marker L3T4 and an increased proliferative response to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A was observed. A direct estimate of the effect of IL-3 on the frequency of NK cell progenitors was obtained by limiting dilution analysis of bone marrow cells at day 8 after bone marrow transplantation. The estimated minimal frequency of NK cell progenitors was reduced from 1/11,800 in control to 1/41,900 in IL-3-exposed mice. IL-3 may take part in the homeostasis of NK cells by the down-regulation of their progenitors. PMID- 3500226 TI - Importance of immunoglobulin isotype in therapy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease mediated by CD4+ T cells. Prior studies have established that monoclonal anti-CD4 antibodies can reverse EAE. To determine whether immunoglobulin isotype plays a role in the therapy of EAE with anti-CD4 antibody, an isotype switch variant family of the mouse IgG1 anti-rat CD4 antibody W3/25 was isolated with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a W3/25 isotype variants all had identical binding capacities for rat CD4+ T cells. Although all three W3/25 isotypes showed some beneficial effects in the amelioration of EAE, the IgG1 and IgG2a W3/25 antibodies were superior to the IgG2b W3/25 in the treatment of EAE. Multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of T cell subpopulations from treated rats showed that none of the antibodies of the W3/25 isotype switch variant family substantially depleted CD4+ target cells in vivo. These experiments demonstrate that immunoglobulin isotype is important in the monoclonal antibody therapy of autoimmune disease. They indicate that therapy of EAE may be successful without a major depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes. Immunotherapy may be optimized by selecting an appropriate isotype of a monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3500228 TI - Enhancement of in vivo immune response by tumor necrosis factor. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL-1) has been shown to regulate several immunologic functions. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) shares many biologic properties with IL-1, we have investigated here the role of TNF in the modulation of the immune response. We have thus tested low doses of human recombinant TNF-alpha (hu rTNF-alpha) for its capacity to enhance the in vivo antibody responses evaluated at the cellular level in the hemolytic plaque assay. It was found that hu rTNF-alpha, like human IL-1 beta, is able to enhance the immune response to a T cell-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells). Interestingly, at variance with human recombinant IL-1 beta, hu rTNF-alpha was not able to enhance the in vivo antibody response to a T cell-independent antigen (type III pneumococcal polysaccharide). These results suggest that low levels of TNF may have a role in the modulation of the immune response in vivo and shed new light on the biologic significance of this mediator. PMID- 3500229 TI - T lymphocyte control of human eosinophilic granulopoiesis. Clonal analysis in an idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. AB - The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with unknown pathogenesis characterized by persistent peripheral blood and bone marrow eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltrates of multiple organs leading to severe organ dysfunction. In the present study, T lymphocyte clones were randomly established from the blood of a patient with HES and propagated in culture with mitogen and interleukin 2. Whereas 28 of 29 clones were able to stimulate myeloid colony formation when co-cultured with normal bone marrow cells in a double-layer micro-agar culture system, one third of these clones preferentially stimulated pure eosinophil colonies (up to 98% of all colonies). This pattern differed markedly (p less than 0.001) from the pattern of release of hemopoietic factors by 126 T cell clones established from four other individuals. Eosinophil colony stimulation was due to the release of a lineage specific eosinophilic colony-stimulating factor (Eo-CSF) by these clones after appropriate stimulation. Production of Eo-CSF in vitro was inhibited by hydrocortisone or cyclosporin A. All Eo-CSF-producing clones had the T4+8 phenotype and were capable of producing in addition interleukin 2 and interferon gamma. Southern blot analysis of the T cell receptor beta-chain rearrangement of the Eo-CSF-producing clones showed a different rearrangement pattern for each clone. These studies suggest a reactive T cell-mediated eosinophilia as the pathogenetic mechanism in this case of HES and, for the first time, point to a biologic relevance of a lymphokine-induced stimulation of hemopoiesis. PMID- 3500230 TI - Differential expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes. AB - A cDNA clone encoding human thymosin-beta 4 was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. This clone contained the entire coding sequence of 43 amino acid residues of thymosin-beta 4 and had an initiation codon and two termination codons. The amino acid and nucleotide sequences in the coding region were well conserved between rat and human. Nine of 132 nucleotides were different in the coding sequences (93% homology), but the deduced amino acid sequences were identical. No signal peptide was found in the deduced protein sequence. Human thymosin-beta 4 mRNA, approximately 830 nucleotides in length, was about 30 nucleotides larger than rat thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. Expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in various primary myeloid and lymphoid malignant cells and in a few human hemopoietic cell lines was studied. Northern blot analyses of different neoplastic B lymphocytes revealed that steady state levels of thymosin beta 4 mRNA varied as a function of differentiation stage. Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA levels were decreased in myeloma cells as are class II human leukocyte antigen, Fc receptor, and complement receptor, suggesting a relationship between thymosin beta 4 and the immune response. Thymosin-beta 4 mRNA was more highly expressed in mature granulocytes than in immature blastic cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, with recombinant human interferon-lambda reduced the levels of thymosin-beta 4 mRNA. Its level decreased after differentiation of THP 1 cells into Ia+ macrophages, but increased after differentiation of HL-60 cells into Ia- macrophages. The pattern of thymosin-beta 4 gene expression suggests that it may play a fundamental role in the host defense mechanism. PMID- 3500231 TI - A transgenic class I antigen is recognized as self and functions as a restriction element. AB - The function of a transgenic Dd class I molecule in the induction of immunologic tolerance to major histocompatibility complex antigens and in directing major histocompatibility complex restriction in C57BL/6 mice were investigated. All of the transgenic Dd mouse strains were found to be tolerant for the Dd antigen. Spleen cells from transgenic mice were immunocompetent but consistently failed to generate an anti-Dd cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in vitro, and skin grafts between transgenic Dd mice were not rejected. These data suggests that the Dd antigen was recognized as a self molecule. In addition, the transgenic Dd mice generated antigen-specific Dd-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte, indicating that the Dd antigen also functioned as a restriction element for antigen recognition. These observations demonstrate the usefulness of the transgenic mouse system for studying class I antigen expression and function. PMID- 3500232 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytolytic activity of human T cells. Analysis of precursor frequency and effector phenotype. AB - The frequency and phenotype of human T cells that mediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytolysis were analyzed. T cell clones were generated by culturing adherent cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells at a density of 0.3 cell/well with phytohemagglutinin, recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), and irradiated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells and/or Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. These conditions were shown to expand a mean of 96% of cells cultured. All of the 198 clones generated by this method were T cells (CD2+, CD3+, CD4+ or CD2+, CD3+, CD8+) that possessed potent lytic activity against K562, an erythroleukemia line sensitive to lysis by human natural killer cells, and Cur, a renal carcinoma cell line resistant to human natural killer activity. Cytolysis was MHC-unrestricted, since the clones were able to lyse MHC class I or class II negative targets, as well as MHC class I and class II negative targets. In addition, the activity was not inhibited by monoclonal antibodies directed against class I or class II nonpolymorphic MHC determinants. Killing, however, was inhibited by soluble monoclonal antibodies against the CD3 complex. Although the clones produced tissue necrosis factor/lymphotoxin-like molecules, lysis of Cur or K562 was not mediated by a soluble factor secreted by the clones. Some of the clones retained their cytotoxic activity when grown in rIL-2 alone for 4 to 6 wk, whereas others exhibited markedly diminished cytotoxicity after maintenance in this manner. Clones that exhibited diminished or no cytotoxic activity after prolonged maintenance in rIL-2 could be induced to kill by stimulation with immobilized but not soluble monoclonal antibodies to CD3 in the absence of lectin. All of the clones examined expressed NKH1 and CD11b but none were CD16 positive. The degree of cytotoxicity of resting or activated clones could not be correlated with expression of these markers. These data indicate that the capacity for MHC-unrestricted tumoricidal activity and expression of NKH1 and CD11b, but not CD16, are properties common to all or nearly all human peripheral blood-derived T cell clones regardless of CD4 or CD8 phenotype. PMID- 3500233 TI - Antibody conjugates with cobra venom factor. Synthesis and biochemical characterization. AB - Immunoconjugates are semi-synthetic hybrid proteins which bear great promise to become a new generation of anti-tumor agents. While many immunoconjugates have been shown to be selectively cytotoxic in in vitro model systems, dramatic in vivo anti-tumor effects have not been reported. To improve the activity of immunoconjugates, careful structure-function analyses have to be performed. We report here such an analysis for immunoconjugates consisting of a monoclonal anti tumor antibody (MoAb) and cobra venom factor (CVF), the complement-activating glycoprotein from cobra venom, synthesized with the heterobifunctional crosslinking reagent N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). It is shown that a reaction mixture after protein coupling contains free MoAb and CVF as well as hybrid proteins of different compositions (dimers (MoAb-CVF), trimers (MoAb2-CVF, MoAb-CVF2), tetramers (MoAb-CVF3, MoAb2-CVF2, MoAb3-CVF), and some higher oligomers). While free MoAb and CVF can be removed by size exclusion chromatography, separation of different oligomeric hybrid proteins is not possible by this method. From the biochemical characterization of the hybrid proteins, which included the determination of sedimentation coefficients, recording of circular dichroism spectra with subsequent determination of secondary structure, and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy, it was concluded that the two proteins do not undergo major structural changes upon coupling, and that the coupling of the two proteins is random with no preferential relative orientation. The functional inactivation of CVF was substantial (approximately 70%) due to both derivatization with SPDP and subsequent conjugation to the MoAb, with conjugation being relatively more inactivating than derivatization. In contrast, the binding activity of the antibody was far less susceptible to inactivation. In conclusion, our data indicate that immunoconjugate synthesis with heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents results in a mixture of heterogeneous hybrid proteins and causes substantial functional inactivation. For successful in vivo anti-tumor activity of future immunoconjugates with CVF and other protein ligands better methods for immunoconjugate synthesis will have to be developed. PMID- 3500234 TI - A novel cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation assay. Optimized conditions for antigen receptor triggered granule enzyme secretion. AB - A method is described for the quantitative studies of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. This functional assay is based on the measurements of secreted granule-associated enzymatic activity (BLT esterase (BLT-E) ) after incubation of CTL with activating stimuli. Immobilized mAb against CTL's antigen receptor (anti TcR mAb), concanavalin A or a combination of PMA and ionophore A23187, were able to trigger the secretion of enzyme in the absence of target cells. Soluble anti TcR mAb alone did not activate CTL, but using their conjugate with immobilized rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody (RAMIg) TcR-mediated secretion of BLT-E was detected. Use of non-ionic detergents Nonidet P-40 or Triton X-100 (0.0125-0.2%) did not affect measurements of BLT-E activity. The efficiency of CTL exocytosis triggering by anti-TcR mAb which were immobilized on the surface of different plasticware is compared and conditions for studies of small and large numbers of CTL are described. The intensity of CTL response varies markedly with changes in buffer system, culture medium, additions of proteins. The optimal conditions for TcR complex triggered activation of murine CTL are described. Intensity of secretion can be easily manipulated by changing the surface density of immobilized anti-TcR mAb, thereby providing the possibility to screen inhibiting or activating agents (drugs or mAb) at selected sub-optimal levels of CTL activation. The potential for the use of described assay in screening of hybridoma supernatants for the presence of activating or inhibitory mAb against CTL's surface proteins is discussed. Since BLT-E secretion reflects exocytosis of granules from CTL, the conditions described here could be used for the detection of secretion of other markers of granules in future modifications of granule exocytosis assay. PMID- 3500235 TI - Production, assay and partial characterization of guinea pig interleukin 2. AB - Optimum conditions for the production and assay of guinea pig interleukin-2 (IL 2) have been established. The mitogenic activities of serial dilutions of guinea pig IL-2 preparations were compared in cultures of guinea pig peripheral blood lymphocytes prestimulated for 7 days with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) used at 1 microgram/ml. Parallel log dose-log response curves were used for quantitative comparisons. Optimum IL-2 yields were obtained from cultures of lymph node lymphocytes stimulated for 20 h with Concanavalin A (ConA) at 5 micrograms/ml. Guinea pig T cell lines reactive to mycobacterial antigens were propagated for several months using our IL-2 preparations. The molecular weight of guinea pig IL 2 was estimated to be 30,000 using S-200 gel filtration. The species specificities of guinea pig, human, mouse and rat IL-2s were examined. It was shown that guinea pig T lymphocyte blasts were stimulated only weakly with human IL-2 and not at all with mouse and rat IL-2. PMID- 3500236 TI - Quantification of C3d in biological fluids by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Using a commercial source of peroxidase-labelled anti-C3d antibody (Dakopatts), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to quantify the complement fragment C3d. The technique enables the detection of C3d in plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The C3d-ELISA therefore provides a very sensitive technique for the evaluation of complement activation in biological fluids. In both plasma and urine the technique is able to discriminate between samples from normal controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis in whom complement activation is known to occur. A good correlation was found between results obtained by ELISA and those by laser nephelometry (r = 0.91, P less than 0.0001). Microtitre plates pre-coated with anti-C3d antibody and subsequently stored at -70 degrees C retained the ability to perform in this assay. The sensitivity, short assay time and use of commercial reagents and pre-coated plates give this technique numerous potential applications in the evaluation of complement activation. PMID- 3500237 TI - Mitogenic activity of staphylococcal protein A is due to contaminating staphylococcal enterotoxins. AB - Soluble protein A from S. aureus is widely used as a polyclonal activator of human T cells. However, recombinant protein A produced in E. coli does not show any mitogenic properties, although its IgG-binding activity is identical to protein A purified from S. aureus. Antisera against the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B are able to specifically inhibit the response of human T lymphocytes to protein A from S. aureus. Therefore, the mitogenic principle of this extensively used T cells activator is due to minute contaminations by enterotoxins that are active in picomolar concentrations. PMID- 3500238 TI - Evaluation of monoclonality of cell lines from sequential dilution assays. AB - The statistical framework necessary to analyze clonality following a two stage cloning procedure is described, and a simple table for determining the probability of monoclonality of derived cell colonies is presented. This statistical framework is designed for multistage cloning procedures and is an extension of the usual Poisson analytic technique. PMID- 3500239 TI - Determination of C4b.C4-bp complex formed by the activation of classical complement pathway using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - We developed a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of C4b.C4-bp complex by incubating the sample on anti-C4-bp-coated plate and then developing with HRP-labeled anti-C4. The amount of C4b.C4-bp complex, generated in vivo by the interaction of purified C4b with C4-bp or normal human serum with aggregated human IgG, was measured by the ELISA. The complex, however, rapidly decreased in serum by the action of factor I. Six out of the 100 plasma samples from patients with various diseases were found positive in the ELISA. One plasma sample from a patient with SLE showed high level of C4b.C4-bp complex with decreased levels of factor I, C4, C4-bp and CH50. These results suggest that the detection of C4b.C4-bp complex is useful for monitoring the diseases in which the classical pathway activation is expected. PMID- 3500240 TI - Bovine gut-associated lymphoid tissue--morphologic and functional studies. I. Isolation and characterization of leukocytes from the epithelium and lamina propria of bovine small intestine. AB - A successful technique for the isolation of highly pure suspensions of viable leukocytes from the small intestine of cattle is described. Procedures ranging from mechanical mincing to enzymatic digestion of tissues were compared. The most reliable and reproducible procedure was the sequential treatment of tissues with dithiothreitol (DTT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in calcium-magnesium free salt solutions, and collagenase. Two populations of mucosal leukocytes were obtained from the small intestine. One population was derived from within the epithelium (intraepithelial leukocytes, IEL), the second from within the lamina propria (lamina propria leukocytes, LPL). At least 2 X 10(6) viable leukocytes were obtainable from each square centimeter of the intestinal mucosa from either the epithelium or lamina propria. Erythrocyte rosetting and immunofluorescence characterization with conventional antisera and monoclonal antibodies (MAB) demonstrated that IEL were predominantly T cells (60%), with relatively few B cells present (10%), while LPL contained relatively high numbers of B cells (28%) and a reasonable percentage of T cells (45%). Both cell populations proliferate in response to stimulation with T and B cell mitogens. Addition of the thiol compound, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) strongly augmented the mitogenic response of both cell isolates. Human recombinant interleukin-2 (hr-IL-2) in the presence or absence of additional stimuli was found to be able to induce the proliferation of both cell types. These results demonstrate that functional leukocytes can be isolated from the small intestine of cattle, and that they can maintain their responsiveness to both T and B cell mitogens and to exogenous cloned IL-2. PMID- 3500241 TI - Beta-lactam resistance in Nocardia brasiliensis is mediated by beta-lactamase and reversed in the presence of clavulanic acid. AB - Forty clinical isolates and the type strain of Nocardia brasiliensis were screened for susceptibility to 20 beta-lactams. Isolates exhibited a single pattern of resistance, with large zones of inhibition by disk diffusion and low MICs by broth and agar dilutions only to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, Augmentin, and Timentin. All strains produced beta-lactamase, with five different enzyme patterns by isoelectric focusing. Despite the differences in their isoelectric points, the enzymes had the same substrate profiles, with equivalent activity against penicillin, ampicillin, cefamandole, cephalothin, and cephalordine. In an in vitro assay, the enzymes were highly susceptible to clavulanic acid. The MIC50 and MIC90 for the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin) was 2 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively, compared with 16 micrograms/ml for both values for amoxicillin alone. These studies suggest that beta-lactamase is the major mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in this species and that Augmentin is the first oral beta-lactam with good potential for treating infections due to N. brasiliensis. PMID- 3500242 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy of epidermal growth factor in mouse kidney. AB - We recently have reported the immunolocalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mouse kidney by light microscopy. In the present study, we have investigated the ultrastructural localization of EGF by the preembedding immunoperoxidase method for electron microscopy. EGF immunoreactivity was present on the apical plasma membrane of the cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. The macula densa, by contrast, lacked immunoreactivity. Based on functional evidence, a possible regulatory role for EGF in the membrane transport in the distal nephron has been suggested. PMID- 3500244 TI - [Changes in steroid enzyme activity in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle]. AB - Sulfokinase, sulfatase, 17 beta-HSD, 20 alpha-HSD, 3 beta-HSD and 5 alpha reductase activity and steroid concentrations including estradiol, estrone, estrone-sulfate, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, DHA and DHA-sulfate in endometrial tissue were examined in order to study the changes in steroid metabolism in relation to the menstrual cycle in the human endometrium. Thirty one (14) proliferative and 17 secretory) endometrial tissue samples were obtained from women who underwent hysterectomy. Low enzymatic activity of sulfokinase, sulfatase and 17 beta-HSD activity were observed in the proliferative phase (0.25, 8.5, 3.1 nmole/mg protein/h). A pronounced increase in enzymatic activity was observed in the early secretory phase and activity gradually decreased toward the mid and late secretory phase. On the other hand, 20 alpha-HSD and 3 beta-HSD activity did not change during the cycle. 5 alpha-reductase activity was not detectable under the conditions used. The concentration of progesterone in the secretory phase was significantly higher than that in the proliferative phase. The concentration of estradiol in the proliferative phase was significantly higher than that in the secretory phase. There was no significant change in the concentration of estrone, estronesulfate, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, DHA or DHA-sulfate during the cycle. The relationship between the steroid concentration and the enzymatic activity was discussed. The results suggested an active role of the endometrium in controlling the biological effect of steroids. PMID- 3500243 TI - The natural history of splenic vein thrombosis due to chronic pancreatitis: indications for surgery. AB - Eleven patients with angiographically demonstrated splenic vein thrombosis associated with chronic pancreatitis were followed for an average of 6.5 yr to determine the natural history of this condition. Repeat angiography was performed in five patients. Significant gastric or gastroesophageal varices were noted in six cases. In another patient, peri-colonic varices and spleno-portal collaterals were demonstrated. Two patients bled massively during follow-up; one from gastric varices and one from colonic varices. Another patient, with known gastric varices, intermittent hematochezia and iron deficiency anemia, underwent surgery. All three patients responded well to splenectomy. Since three of the seven patients with splenic vein thrombosis and significant varices eventually required surgical correction, it may be that the long-term risk of gastrointestinal bleeding exceeds the risks of elective splenectomy in these patients. PMID- 3500245 TI - [Immune disorder in internal medicine]. PMID- 3500246 TI - [A case report of pheochromocytoma showing AMI like ECG changes and transient apical defect on 201-T1 myocardial SPECT]. PMID- 3500248 TI - AIDS quarantine. The legal and practical implications. PMID- 3500247 TI - Shape changes and deformability in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - To evaluate the membrane events that take place during red blood cell shape change, the deformability of resealed ghosts was studied in the ektacytometer while alterations in ghost shapes were produced. By studying ghosts in the ektacytometer it is possible to assess small changes in membrane dynamic rigidity free of the complicating factors that exist in intact red blood cells, such as concerns over the ratio of surface area to volume and the internal viscosity. Ghosts resealed in isotonic buffers are echinocytic, but addition of magnesium adenosine triphosphate converts them to discocytes. This conversion to discocytosis was accompanied by an increase in membrane rigidity. Addition of vanadate along with magnesium-adenosine triphosphate blocked the conversion of echinocytic ghosts to discocytes, and in parallel blocked the accompanying increase in rigidity. Monospecific rabbit antispectrin antibody was resealed within ghosts and produced the anticipated increase in membrane rigidity. Morphologic evaluation revealed that such ghosts had changed from echinocytes to discocytes. Therefore two very different methods were used to convert normally echinocytic ghosts into discocytic ghosts, and in both cases the shape change was accompanied by an increase in ghost rigidity. These experiments indicate that in isotonically resealed ghosts, the discocytic shape is achieved as a consequence of membrane protein changes that produce an increase in membrane rigidity. PMID- 3500249 TI - Coordinating rate setting and planning in states with mandatory hospital rate regulation. What makes a difference? PMID- 3500250 TI - Advance medical directives. The case for the durable power of attorney for health care. PMID- 3500251 TI - The corporate practice of medicine doctrine. An outmoded theory in need of modification. PMID- 3500252 TI - Immunohistochemical characterisation of macrophages in human liver and gastrointestinal tract: expression of CD4, HLA-DR, OKM1, and the mature macrophage marker 25F9 in normal and diseased tissue. AB - This report describes the immunocytochemical characterisation of macrophages in sections of human liver, gastrointestinal tract, and associated lymphoid tissue and the inflammatory lesions of Crohn's disease. 25F9 is an antigen reported to be induced during the maturation of blood monocytes in vitro. The antigen was concentrated in cytoplasmic vesicular structures of isolated gastrointestinal macrophages. Similar labelled cells were observed in the apical regions of lamina propria in both small and large intestine in vivo. Their numbers and size were greatly increased in specimens of colon from patients with melanosis coli. Mucosal inflammatory lesions in specimens from patients with Crohn's disease did not contain 25F9-positive cells. The antigen was absent from giant cells and epithelioid cells in granulomata but was expressed on histiocytes in submucosal microgranulomata. In lymphoid organs, 25F9-positive cells were found in germinal centres, in the dome region of Peyer's patch, and in the medulla, but were largely excluded from T cell areas. In reactive nodes from Crohn's disease patients, the number of labelled cells in germinal centres and T cell areas was greatly increased. 25F9 was absent from the majority of typical liver Kupffer cells, but was expressed on cytoplasmic granules in a minor subpopulation of larger, more rounded cells in the liver. The results suggest that 25F9 is a marker for endocytosis rather than maturation. In parallel sections, resident macrophages of both liver and gastrointestinal tract labelled with Leu 3a/OKT4 (CD4) and with OKIa (HLA-DR antigen) but did not express OKM1 (type III complement receptor). By contrast, OKM1 was present on inflammatory cells, epithelioid cells, and giant cells in mucosal lesions of Crohn's disease. PMID- 3500253 TI - Potentiation of neutrophil function by recombinant DNA-produced interleukin 1a. AB - The effect of interleukin 1a (IL-1a) produced by E. coli-derived recombinant DNA was evaluated on various parameters of human neutrophil function. IL-1a alone stimulated neutrophil hydrogen peroxide production in a dose-dependent manner, but the rate was much lower than that of opsonized zymosan. IL-1a induced release of specific granule contents, but not azurophilic granule contents. Cytochalasin B did not augment the rate of release. IL-1a was chemotactic for neutrophils at the optimal concentrations of 0.1-10 ng/ml. Pretreatment of the neutrophils with IL-1a augmented neutrophil oxygen radical production induced by opsonized zymosan, and this synergistic effect was evident as early as 10 min after IL-1a was added to the neutrophil culture. Phagocytosis of opsonized particles by neutrophils, and degranulation induced by opsonized zymosan were also enhanced by IL-1a in a dose-dependent manner. The present results suggest that IL-1a is weak as a direct activator of neutrophil function and that IL-1a in vivo may augment the response of neutrophils to other stimulators such as foreign bodies. PMID- 3500254 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced alterations in human monocyte functions. AB - This investigation was designed to study the effects of relatively low doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) on monocyte function in patients with surgically resected melanoma. Monocytes taken from patients 3 days after receiving 300 mg, 150 mg, or 75 mg CY/m2 had decreased interleukin-1 (IL-1) production. Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like molecules by the same monocytes appeared to be enhanced following 300 mg/m2 CY but not after 150 or 75 mg/m2 CY. In vitro studies of the direct effects of CY metabolites (mafosfamide and 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide) on human monocytes showed only concomitant decreases in production of IL-1 and TNF-like molecules. This occurred at concentrations that did not obviously affect viability, although monocyte spreading was inhibited. No evidence was obtained for in vitro enhancement of TNF-production. We conclude that CY can affect monocyte function. In vivo it may have both direct effects leading to decreased TNF and IL-1 production and indirect effects through lymphocytic or haematopoietic systems that activate monocytes to enhanced TNF production. The effects are dose-dependent. These CY-induced changes could be responsible in part for some of the alterations in host immunity and tumor resistance that follows administration of the drug. PMID- 3500255 TI - Suppressor alveolar macrophages in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. AB - The capacity of alveolar macrophages from mice injected with a metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma variant, LLC-C3, to regulate T-cell Con A blastogenesis and NK cytotoxicity was studied. During the first 5 days after subcutaneous tumor injection, alveolar macrophages were stimulatory to Con A blastogenesis of normal spleen cells. After 5 days, the alveolar macrophages shifted to become suppressive. The suppressive activity was extensive by day 11, when the primary and metastatic tumor foci were first detectable. The tumor-bearer alveolar macrophages also suppressed NK cytotoxicity. Alveolar macrophage suppressive activity was sensitive to indomethacin, suggesting a prostaglandin-dependent suppressor mechanism. Suppression was not mediated by the production of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide, as it was insensitive to catalase or superoxide dismutase. When normal alveolar macrophages were cultured with LLC-C3 supernatants for over 12 hours, suppressive activity was induced. The results of these studies show that alveolar macrophages of tumor bearers become suppressive with progressive tumor growth and might, thus, facilitate the development of pulmonary metastases. PMID- 3500256 TI - Expression of Ia antigen in colonies of bone-marrow-derived macrophages. AB - Cells in colonies of culture-derived mouse and rat bone marrow macrophages were examined for membrane Ia antigen to determine if the steady-state expression of the antigen was restricted to macrophages derived from a distinct population of progenitor cells. Multiple subcultures of macrophages derived from single soft agar colonies were tested for Ia+ cells on three different days of culture. About one-half of the colonies gave rise to subcultures that never contained Ia+ cells, about 40% yielded subcultures that contained some Ia+ cells on at least 2 of the 3 assay days, and about 10% of the colonies produced subcultures that contained Ia-bearing cells on all 3 assay days. Thus, when cultures were assayed at any one time for their content of Ia-bearing cells, the results raised the possibility of phenotypically distinct subpopulations of progenitors. However, sequential analyses of the subcultures revealed the variable expression of Ia on cells from at least one-half of the colonies. We conclude that, under steady-state conditions, the presence of Ia antigen on bone marrow-derived macrophages is not clonally restricted. That a T-cell-derived lymphokine induced Ia antigen on essentially all the cells in most of the colonies of macrophages confirms their potential to express the antigen. PMID- 3500257 TI - Chronic ulcerative jejunitis: report of a case with massive GI haemorrhage. PMID- 3500258 TI - Thymocyte clones from 14-day mouse embryos. I. State of T cell receptor genes, surface markers, and growth requirements. AB - We have established in culture 13 clones from the thymus of a 14-d B10.BR mouse embryo and characterized 8 of them. All eight FT clones have the TCR-gamma and beta genes in germline configuration. They express mRNA for the gamma, but not for the beta nor the alpha genes. All eight FT clones are Thy-1+, Ly-1+, LFA-1+, Pgp-1+, H-2K+, and T3-. Three phenotypes could be distinguished on the basis of Lyt-2, L3T4, and IL-2-R expression: Lyt-2+, L3T4-, IL-2-R+ (I); Lyt-2+, L3T4-, IL 2-R- (II); and Lyt-2+, L3T4+, IL-2-R+ (III) cells. All eight clones grow in rIL-4 and six clones also proliferate in rIL-2. Antibodies specific for IL-2-R inhibit their response to rIL-2 but not to rIL-4. The eight FT clones synthesize mRNA for IL-4 after stimulation in vitro and none of them exhibit cytolytic activity or helper function for B lymphocytes. We conclude that the FT clones are at a very early stage of T cell development, that the expression of Lyt-2 and L3T4 surface molecules can precede that of the antigen receptor, and that the same fetal thymocyte can use both IL-4 and IL-2 as growth factor. PMID- 3500259 TI - Comparison of the effector functions of human immunoglobulins using a matched set of chimeric antibodies. AB - Cell lines have been established that secrete a matched set of human chimeric IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgE, and IgA2 antibodies that are directed against the hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl. These chimeric antibodies secreted from mouse plasmacytoma cells behave exactly like their authentic human counterparts in SDS-PAGE analysis, binding to protein A and in a wide range of serological assays. The antibodies have been compared in their ability to bind human C1q as well as in their efficacy in mediating lysis of human erythrocytes in the presence of human complement. A major conclusion to emerge is that whereas IgG3 bound C1q better than did IgG1, the chimeric IgG1 was much more effective than all the other IgG subclasses in complement-dependent hemolysis. The IgG1 antibody was also the most effective in mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using both human effector and human target cells. These results suggest that IgG1 might be the favoured IgG subclass for therapeutic applications. PMID- 3500260 TI - Relationship between expression of IgA by Peyer's patch cells and functional IgA memory cells. AB - IgA memory B cells have been operationally defined as precursors that give rise to clones exclusively secreting IgA antibodies upon antigen stimulation in a T cell dependent splenic fragment culture. B lymphocytes that are sIgA+ account for a small fraction of Peyer's patch lymphocytes, but these can be clearly divided into two subsets. One subset contains the majority of sIgA+ B cells and most of these are in S, G2, or M phase of the cell cycle. These cells are germinal center B cells, as defined by being S kappa low and peanut agglutinin (PNA)high, and contain most of the mRNA alpha. Though these germinal center cells may contain the majority of sIgA+ B cells and may contain precursors for memory cells, preplasma cells, or both, they do not appear to be immediately responsive to stimulation by antigen. Rather, the S kappa high, PNAlow subset of sIgA+ B cells, most of which are in G0 or G1 and have only low levels of mRNA alpha appear to contain most of the clonal precursors that are committed to IgA, i.e., the functional memory cells that give rise to clones exclusively secreting IgA upon stimulation with thymus-dependent antigen in the presence of T cells. There is also a population of Peyer's patch B cells that neither bears detectable sIgA nor has mRNA alpha detectable by cytoplasmic dot blotting but contains a small proportion of the functional IgA memory cells. PMID- 3500261 TI - Regulation of cytolytic cell populations from human peripheral blood by B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4). AB - The effects of B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) on the generation of human CTL and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in vitro were investigated. Both L-2 and BSF-1 were potent helper factors for the generation of antigen-specific CTL in MLC; detection of optimal BSF-1-induced CTL activity in this system occurred when BSF-1 was added to cultures after an initial period of activation during which exogenous BSF-1 was not present. In contrast to IL-2, BSF-1 failed to induce an LAK cell population, as detected with Daudi tumor targets, in cultures that had not been allosensitized. Furthermore, when both lymphokines were added together at culture initiation, BSF-1 inhibited the IL-2-driven generation of cytolytic cells. The differential ability of BSF-1 to promote the generation of CTL but not LAK could have important implications for lymphokine-mediated immunotherapy. PMID- 3500262 TI - B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4) is sufficient for the proliferation and differentiation of lectin-stimulated cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - In this report, we demonstrate that IL-4 is sufficient to stimulate both the proliferation and differentiation of Lyt-2+, Ia- splenic CTL precursors stimulated with the mitogenic lectin Con A. The response to IL-4 and Con A was not dependent on a putative endogenous production of IL-2 within the cultures, as demonstrated by an absence of an inhibitory effect by an anti-IL-2-R blocking mAb. Our results indicate that IL-2 and IL-4 can support an equivalent proliferative response by lectin-stimulated Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes, while IL-4 is more efficacious in stimulating their differentiation into mature cytolytically active cells. PMID- 3500263 TI - Evidence that the T cell antigen receptor may not be involved in cytotoxicity mediated by gamma/delta and alpha/beta thymic cell lines. AB - After culture in IL-2, thymocytes expressing either TCR-alpha/beta or gamma/delta acquired the ability to lyse hematopoietic and solid tumor cell targets without deliberate immunization or apparent restriction by the MHC. Moreover, TCR-alpha/beta- and TCR-gamma/delta-bearing thymic cell lines demonstrated an essentially identical spectrum of cytolysis against several tumor cell targets. Cytotoxicity was not inhibited by antibodies against CD3 or CD2 and modulation of the CD3/TCR complex also failed to affect cytotoxicity. Thus, non MHC-restricted cytotoxicity can be mediated by thymocytes with either TCR alpha/beta or TCR-gamma/delta, but the TCR may not be responsible for target recognition. PMID- 3500264 TI - An intermediate cell in thymocyte differentiation that expresses CD8 but not CD4 antigen. AB - Thymocytes of CD4-,CD8+,OX-44- phenotype have been shown to be an intermediate of thymopoiesis that give rise to cells of CD4+, CD8+, OX-44- normal cortical thymocyte phenotype both in vitro and in vivo during thymic regeneration. PMID- 3500265 TI - Immunotherapy of a murine tumor with interleukin 2. Increased sensitivity after MHC class I gene transfection. AB - We have shown that two weakly immunogenic MCA sarcomas developed in our laboratory that are sensitive to high-dose IL-2 immunotherapy express class I MHC in vivo and in vitro. Two nonimmunogenic MCA sarcomas are relatively insensitive to IL-2 therapy and express minimal or no class I MHC molecules in vivo and in vitro. To study the role of MHC in the therapy of tumors with IL-2, a class I deficient murine melanoma, B16BL6, was transfected with the Kb class I gene. Expression of class I MHC rendered B16BL6 advanced pulmonary macrometastases sensitive to IL-2 immunotherapy. 3-d micrometastases of CL8-2, a class I transfected clone of B16BL6, were significantly more sensitive to IL-2 therapy than a control nontransfected line. Expression of Iak, a class II MHC molecule, had no effect on IL-2 therapy of transfectant pulmonary micrometastases in F1 mice. By using lymphocyte subset depletion with mAbs directed against Lyt-2, therapy of class I transfectant macrometastases with high-dose IL-2 was shown to involve an Lyt-2 cell. In contrast, regression of micrometastases treated with low-dose IL-2 involved Lyt-2+ cells, but regression mediated by high doses of IL 2 did not. We hypothesize that both LAK and Lyt-2+ T cells effect IL-2-mediated elimination of micrometastases, but only Lyt-2+ T cells are involved in macrometastatic regression. Low doses of IL-2 stimulate Lyt-2+ cells to eliminate class I-expressing micrometastases, but high doses of IL-2 can recruit LAK cells to mediate regression of micrometastases independent of class I expression. Only high-dose IL-2, mediating its effect predominantly via Lyt-2+ cells, is capable of impacting on MHC class I-expressing macrometastases. Macrometastases devoid of class I MHC antigens appear to be resistant to IL-2 therapy. PMID- 3500266 TI - Expression and function of CD8 in a murine T cell hybridoma. AB - In general, the human CD8 molecule is expressed on T cells specific for HLA class I molecules. Studies designed to delineate the function and to define the ligand of the CD8 molecule have been complicated by the fact that the presumptive ligand for CD8 is on the HLA class I molecule, the same molecule encoding the ligand for the antigen-specific T cell receptor. The ability to express genes in cells other than their natural host has produced a new technology with which to approach CD8 functional studies. The insertion of a cDNA clone for CD8 in a defective retroviral vector has allowed the transfer of CD8 by infection with the resulting defective retrovirus. CD8 was then expressed in an HLA class II-specific T cell, thus separating the ligand requirements of the TCR and CD8. By this approach, the human CD8 molecule was expressed in a murine T cell hybridoma specific for human class II antigens. The resulting CD8+ hybridomas demonstrated a 10-fold increase in IL-2 production over the parent cell line when stimulated with JY, a human B lymphoblastoid cell line expressing both class I and II HLA antigens, demonstrating that expression of CD8 increases T cell activation. mAbs directed against the CD8 molecule inhibited the response of CD8+ hybridomas to JY, supporting the conclusion that the CD8 molecule was fractional. The role of CD8 as a receptor for class I MHC antigens was addressed by stimulation with a cell line expressing HLA-DR antigens, but lacking the expression of HLA class I antigens (Daudi). Stimulation of the CD8+ hybridomas by Daudi did not result in increased IL-2 production. The response to Daudi was unaltered by the addition of anti-CD8 mAb, in contrast to the ability of anti-CD8 mAb to block JY stimulation. Furthermore, mAbs directed against the class I antigens present on JY cells were able to block the enhanced response of the CD8+ hybridomas to JY. These data support the hypothesis that HLA class I molecules are the ligands involved in the CD8-dependent enhancement of T cell activation. PMID- 3500267 TI - A calcium- and perforin-independent pathway of killing mediated by murine cytolytic lymphocytes. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been thought to lyse cellular targets in the past by a calcium-dependent pathway. This notion was recently supported by the identification and purification of a pore-forming protein (perforin) from the granules of these cell types. Here, we show that perforin is absent from a number of cell lines that nevertheless display vigorous cytolytic activity toward target cells. The cytotoxic activity of eight murine CTL lines is completely or partially retained in the absence of calcium. The calcium-independent lytic activity is associated with two subcellular fraction peaks isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation, e.g., a heavy density band migrating with granule markers and a lighter band corresponding to free cytosolic material. These results suggest a complex picture of lymphocyte-mediated killing involving probably multiple mechanisms and mediators that may operate in concert or independently in the delivery of the lethal hit. PMID- 3500268 TI - Community-acquired nonbacteremic acinetobacter pneumonia. PMID- 3500269 TI - Enumeration of lymphocyte subsets before and after concanavalin A stimulation by using flow cytometry in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 3500270 TI - Changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in recurrent aphthous ulcers. PMID- 3500271 TI - Site-directed ELISA with synthetic peptides representing the HIV transmembrane glycoprotein. AB - Two partially overlapping 19 and 22 amino acids long peptides representing a highly immunogenic site of the transmembranous glycoprotein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were used as antigen in ELISA tests. The results of antibody determination with this assay were compared with those of three or more conventional ELISAs and Western blot (WB) tests and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Twenty-six sera from patients with AIDS or LAS and from asymptomatic carriers of HIV infection all showed a pronounced reaction in the peptide ELISA as well as positive results with other tests. In contrast, 27 sera from laboratory workers and blood donors were negative by all tests. A group of 39 blood donor sera, which had shown false positive or ambiguous results in the ELISAs and sometimes in WB tests employed for confirmation, also were negative in all cases with the peptide ELISA. Consecutive samples collected from individuals with primary HIV infection were also analyzed. In 6 out of 9 cases, the peptide ELISA revealed an antibody response within one month after onset of clinical symptoms and sensitivity for antibody detection equaled that of other ELISA tests. Eight sera from five West African persons infected with HIV-related viruses did not react in the peptide ELISA, reflecting differences in properties of the envelope components. The peptide ELISA used in this study appears to represent a simple technique employing chemically synthesized antigen for accurate and sensitive estimation of antibodies to the HIV group of nontransforming human retroviruses. PMID- 3500272 TI - AIDS in Louisiana. Unusual Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an AIDS patient. PMID- 3500273 TI - Use of the Mini-mental State Examination in a probability sample of a Hispanic population. AB - The Spanish DIS was applied to a community probability sample in an island-wide survey of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. The prevalence of "severe cognitive impairment" as measured by the DIS Mini-mental State Examination (DIS/MMSE) is significantly higher than that reported in similar studies in US communities. The total sample (N = 1532) was used to study the impact of demographic variables and other psychiatric diagnoses on DIS/MMSE scores. Educational level was by far the strongest predictor of total scores as well as of scores on individual items. Issues are discussed and recommendations are made related to the use of this test in Hispanic populations of low educational level. PMID- 3500274 TI - Acute effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on dopamine and serotonin metabolism in rat striatum as assayed in vivo by a micro-dialysis technique. AB - The acute effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), a neurotoxin derived from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), was examined by the in vivo micro-dialysis technique. A dialysis cannula was implanted into rat striatum, and the changes in the concentrations of dopamine (DA), 3, 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the perfusate every 20 min after administration of MPP+ were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). After MPP+ administration the levels of DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA were markedly decreased. On the contrary the level of DA was markedly increased and reached a maximum 40 min after beginning of the MPP+ administration. By postmortem analysis of the striatal tissue MPP+ was proved to cause the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO), especially MAO-B. These results suggest that the acute biochemical changes induced by MPP+ in vivo were MAO inhibition and release of DA. PMID- 3500275 TI - Digitonin-permeabilized cells are exocytosis competent. AB - Release of norepinephrine from PC12 cells can be stimulated by free Ca2+ in micromolar concentrations after permeabilization with 10 micrograms/ml of digitonin. This release is time and temperature dependent, half-maximal at 0.3 microM Ca2+, and, after washing out of endogenous ATP, half-maximal at about 0.5 mM MgATP when exogenously added. Similar results were obtained with bovine adrenal chromaffin cells using the same protocol. Support for the idea that the mechanism of release from both permeabilized cell types is still exocytosis is demonstrated at the electron microscopic level by immunolabeling chromaffin granule membrane antigens that were introduced into the plasma membrane following stimulation. Electron micrographs furthermore demonstrate that chromaffin granules retain typical dense cores after permeabilization, indicating that leakiness of catecholamines from the granules was not a major factor. Pores, formed by digitonin in the plasma membranes, were utilized to introduce antibodies into such exocytosis-competent cells. Anti-actin and anti-chromaffin granule membrane antibodies show a staining pattern similar to conventionally fixed and stained preparations. Our results demonstrate that pores formed by digitonin do not impair the process of exocytosis although they are big enough to allow macromolecules to pass in both directions. The digitonin-permeabilized cell is therefore an ideal in vitro system with which to study the fusion process between chromaffin granules and the plasma membrane. PMID- 3500276 TI - Tracing of dopamine receptors in hemiparkinsonism with positron emission tomography (PET). AB - In 13 hemiparkinson patients possible changes in dopamine receptors were investigated in vivo with PET, using [11C]methylspiperone as the receptor labeling ligand. Though in individual patients the specific binding of the tracer differed between both striata, no consistent difference was found. However, the specific binding in the striatum of patients with longterm dopaminergic medication was significantly higher than in non-medicated patients, and close to normal. No correlation with the predominantly unilateral clinical pathology was found. Since the postsynaptic receptor changes in hemiparkinson patients appear not to be uniform, these results suggest that the clinical asymmetry is not only caused by a dysfunction of nigral dopaminergic cells, but by pathology in other cells and probably in other neurotransmitter systems as well. The observed bilateral increase in receptor binding during dopaminergic therapy most likely results from a symmetrical change in local pharmacokinetics or from alteration of the receptor binding. Further studies with PET are needed to determine the exact nature of this change. PMID- 3500277 TI - Enhancement of the specific cytotoxicity of a breast cancer-associated antigen immunotoxin by the carboxylic ionophore monensin. AB - Monensin is a carboxylic ionophore which dissipates proton gradients across cell membranes. Monensin is known to potentiate the cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins (antibody-toxin conjugates) directed against several human tumor-associated antigens. We have investigated the effect of monensin on an immunotoxin cytotoxic to the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. This immunotoxin is composed of an antibody directed against a human breast cancer membrane antigen, and ricin A chain, which has been produced by recombinant DNA techniques. In a 16-hour cytotoxicity assay, monensin reduced 34-fold the median inhibitory dose, from 1.4 X 10(-8)M (without monensin) to 4.1 X 10(-10)M (with monensin). In timed cytotoxicity assays, 50% of control protein synthesis was reached in immunotoxin treated cells 8-fold faster in the presence of monensin (0.5 hours) than in its absence (4 hours). Monensin produced no enhancement of immunotoxin effect on a control cell line, nor on a control immunotoxin on MCF-7 cells, demonstrating specificity of monensin effect. In addition, specific immunotoxin alone or with monensin produced no toxicity on MCF-7 cells maintained at 23 degrees C. These results suggest that both binding and internalization of immunotoxin are necessary for the monensin effect. Monensin was a potent enhancer of immunotoxin effect on human breast cancer cells. This effect occurs without the presence of ricin B chain in the conjugate. PMID- 3500278 TI - A lectin, peanut agglutinin, as a probe for the extracellular matrix in living neuromuscular junctions. AB - The extracellular matrix plays important roles in the differentiation of synapses. To identify molecules concentrated specifically in the synaptic extracellular matrix, fluorescently-labelled lectins were applied to neuromuscular junctions. A lectin, peanut agglutinin (PNA), stains the neuromuscular region selectively and irreversibly (up to at least 3 weeks in situ), outlining the periphery of the nerve terminal arborization in the frog. Snake neuromuscular junctions also stain intensely with fluorescent PNA, while mouse diaphragm staining is faint. At the electron microscopic level, the reaction products of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated PNA are found primarily in the extracellular matrix flanking Schwann cells in the frog endplate regions. Fluorescently labelled PNA does not affect synaptic potentials and can serve as a simple stain for correlating functional studies of living neuromuscular junctions. Moreover, it can be combined with a presynaptic dye to observe nerve terminals and synaptic extracellular matrix in the same junctions in situ. This report reveals the existence of synapse-specific carbohydrates associated with Schwann cell extracellular matrix in the frog neuromuscular junction. The specific binding and its physiological compatibility make PNA a useful probe for further investigation of synaptic differentiation, plasticity and maintenance. PMID- 3500279 TI - Elimination of clonogenic malignant human T cells using monoclonal antibodies in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin. AB - 2'Deoxycoformycin (dCF) specifically inhibits adenosine deaminase (ADA) and causes selective cytotoxicity of normal and malignant T cells. In clinical trials, dCF caused rapid lysis of malignant T lymphoblasts. Although dCF has been associated with dose-limiting nonhematopoietic toxicities, myelosuppression has not been observed. Since dCF is relatively nontoxic to hematopoietic stem cells, we tested dCF for utility in the ex vivo purging of malignant T lymphoblasts from remission leukemic bone marrow for autologous bone marrow transplantation. We found that T lymphoblast cell lines were sensitive to dCF (plus deoxyadenosine [dAdo]) under conditions that did not ablate human hematopoietic colony-forming cells. Moreover, combined pharmacologic (dCF plus dAdo) and immunologic (anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies [McAb] plus complement) purging resulted in additive reduction in clonogenic T lymphoblasts. These results provide the basis for a clinical trial of bone marrow transplantation using combined pharmacologic/immunologic purging of T lymphoblasts from patients' harvested autologous marrow. PMID- 3500280 TI - In vivo and in vitro activation of natural killer cells in advanced cancer patients undergoing combined recombinant interleukin-2 and LAK cell therapy. AB - Patients with advanced metastatic cancer were given combined autologous lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) therapy on a National Cancer Institute extramural phase II trial. Systemic administration of rIL-2 resulted in pronounced lymphocytopenia. Within two days after completion of in vivo rIL-2 therapy, there was a dramatic increase in absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes, and cytotoxic activity against tumor cell targets was mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes, indicating in vivo generation of LAK activity. Patients were leukapheresed and cells cultured for three to four days in rIL-2. rIL-2 cultured cells from all patients demonstrated cytotoxic activity. In order to characterize the effector cell, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were isolated to greater than 95% purity by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity was mediated by rIL-2--activated NK cells, whereas T cells demonstrated no substantial activity. The circulating in vivo cytotoxic effectors detected after in vivo rIL-2 therapy were also shown to be rIL-2- activated NK cells. Results from these studies demonstrate that all patients were capable of generating a cytotoxic response, and that the cytotoxic effector cells were rIL-2--activated NK cells, identified by the phenotype CD3--, Leu 19+. PMID- 3500281 TI - Positron emission tomographic evaluation of radiochemotherapeutic effect on regional cerebral hemocirculation and metabolism in patients with gliomas. AB - Hemocirculatory and metabolic changes in tumor regions and the remote brain structure were analyzed using oxygen-15 and fluorine-18 positron emission tomography (PET) in eight patients with gliomas after radiation and chemotherapy of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and N-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207). In the tumor regions after the radiochemotherapy, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral blood volume (rCBV) varied widely and there was a tendency for oxygen consumption (rCMRO2) to fall. The change in glucose consumption (rCMRG1) was especially noteworthy with regard to clinical correlations. Six patients with decreased rCMRG1 values had 16% to 29% regressions in tumor size measured by X ray computerized tomography (CT), and showed some period of clinical relief. In contrast, one patient with an increased rCMRG1 value had some progression of tumor growth, and there were no clinical amelioration. The hemocirculation and metabolism of the contralateral gray matter seem to fluctuate by various factors as intracranial pressure and the effectiveness of the therapy. In gliomas therapy, tumor rCMRG1 values can be a good indicator of therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 3500282 TI - Correlations between active zone ultrastructure and synaptic function studied with freeze-fracture of physiologically identified neuromuscular junctions. AB - The active zone is a unique presynaptic membrane specialization that is believed to be the site of neurotransmitter release. To examine directly the relationship between active zone ultrastructure and synaptic efficacy, frog neuromuscular junctions were studied with a new technique combining electrophysiology, light microscopy, and freeze-fracture of identified single muscle fibers. This technique allows correlations to be made between quantal content (measured in low Ca2+ and high Mg2+ Ringer solution), endplate size, and active zone structure at the same neuromuscular junctions. By measuring physiological and morphological variables at the same junctions, the validity of structure-function correlations is significantly improved. Synaptic quantal content in 91 physiologically identified muscle fibers varied considerably and was only poorly correlated with endplate size, as shown in previous studies. To measure the total length of endplate branches, either a modified cholinesterase stain or rhodamine-labeled peanut agglutinin stain was used. When the same identified muscle fibers were freeze-fractured, active zones were exposed in 17 junctions. In a replica that contained a large part of one nerve terminal, there was no detectable gradient in active zone structure along the length of 3 different nerve terminal branches identifiable with both light and electron microscopy. The results from these 17 identified junctions indicate that quantal content per unit terminal length is positively correlated with the amount of active zone per unit terminal length. The estimated total active zone length and total number of active zone particles per junction are also positively correlated with the quantal content in these identified junctions. This study suggests that active zone size and spacing are better indicators of transmitter release than is endplate size and that the active zone may play an important role in regulating synaptic efficacy at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 3500283 TI - Tumor cell killing by immunotoxin. PMID- 3500284 TI - Immunoscintigraphy of recurrences of gynecologic carcinomas. AB - In a first, retrospective study, 15 patients with known ovarian carcinoma were injected with 131I-OC 125 F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody (MAb). The sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy based on the number of the tumor sites was 67% (12/18). In a second, prospective study, 29 patients with gynecologic carcinoma were injected with 131I-OC 125 F(ab')2 (24) or 131I-19-9 F(ab')2 (5) MAbs according to the histologic type. Based on the number of tested anatomic sites, sensitivity was 72% and specificity 86%. In two patients injected with both 131I-OC-125 F(ab')2 and 125I-NS F(ab')2 (nonspecific immunoglobulin) 1 and 4 days before tumor resection, tumor uptake of the specific antibody was 2.2 and 4.5 times greater than that of NS. Immunoscintigraphic results were complementary with those of ultrasonography and computed tomography. Finally, in one patient injected successively with 131I-OC 125 F(ab')2 and 111In-DTPA-OC 125 F(ab')2, the recurrent tumor was visualized with both radionuclides, with 111In providing better abdominal tumor contrast but causing much greater liver radioactivity than 131I. PMID- 3500285 TI - Tomographic myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in children with Kawasaki disease. AB - Myocardial infarction and stenotic coronary lesions are serious late complications in children with Kawasaki disease. For the noninvasive assessment of myocardial perfusion, dipyridamole-redistribution 201Tl emission computed tomography (ECT) was performed in seven children (age 2 8/12-8 7/12 yr) 3-20 mo after the acute stage of the disease. In all patients, coronary aneurysms had been demonstrated by cross-sectional echocardiography. The scintigrams of six children showed no significant regional reduction of myocardial thallium uptake. These children had remained asymptomatic since the acute stage of Kawasaki disease. Persistent and transient thallium defects were present in one child with documented myocardial infarction. For this patient, obstruction of corresponding coronary vessels was confirmed by contrast angiography. It is suggested, that 201Tl ECT after dipyridamole-induced vasodilation may be used as a safe alternative to invasive coronary angiography for follow-up investigations in patients with Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3500286 TI - [13N]cisplatin PET to assess pharmacokinetics of intra-arterial versus intravenous chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors. AB - The biodistribution, blood clearance, and in vivo transformation of cisplatin (cisdiaminedichloroplatinum, DDP) were studied in rats using 13N-labeled and unlabeled DDP. Following the i.v. injection of [13N]DDP, virtually no 13N activity was detected in brain tissue, and no measurable amount of the 13N label was displaced from [13N]DDP. Based on these results, [13N]DDP/positron emission tomographic (PET) scans were performed in two glioblastoma patients undergoing Phase II intra-arterial (i.a.) DDP chemotherapy: [13N]DDP was infused i.v. over 13-15 min, during which time serial PET scans were obtained. One hour later, [13N]DDP mixed with cold DDP (100 mg/m2 therapeutic dose) was infused at the same rate i.a., and a second sequence of PET scans was acquired. The pharmacologic advantage of i.a. administration was calculated as the ratio of integrated tumor/brain count ratios for the i.a. and i.v. studies. Our preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying the pharmacologic advantage of i.a. DDP chemotherapy in individual brain tumor patients using [13N]DDP and PET. PMID- 3500287 TI - Use of a germanium detector to optimize scatter correction in SPECT. AB - A collimated germanium detector with an energy resolution of 1 keV full width at half maximum at 140 keV was used to measure the energy spectrum of radiation emitted from a test object containing an asymmetric distribution of 99mTc and nonuniform attenuation. Energy spectra were recorded from 24 positions around the object and convolved with Gaussian functions to simulate data that would have been acquired with a scintillation camera. The scatter fraction was computed from the convolved spectra in conjunction with a scatter-free reference spectrum. After adding appropriate Poisson noise, a technique based on maximizing the signal to noise ratio was developed to optimally subtract the scatter fraction from the recorded counts. SPECT imaging of the test object was performed to evaluate the correction technique. PMID- 3500288 TI - Generalized scatter correction method in SPECT using point scatter distribution functions. AB - A new two-dimensional (2-D) scatter correction technique in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) based on convolution or frequency filtering with a 2-D scatter distribution function is described. A scatter distribution function of the form A exp(-Br), has been derived from measurements of a point source in a water phantom. Both the amplitude A and the slope B of this function, were approximately invariant with source position except near phantom surface. The accuracy of the 2-D correction technique was compared with that of the previous one-dimensional (1-D) scatter correction technique. As could be expected the latter technique was shown to be less accurate due to its dependence on axial distribution of radioactivity. Phantom SPECT studies showed a clear superiority of the 2-D over the 1-D scatter correction in quantitative imaging. Images derived from clinical studies of regional bloodflow with 99mTc-HM-PAO and liver uptake showed significant contrast improvement by both techniques. PMID- 3500289 TI - Two devices for longitudinal emission tomography of the thyroid. AB - Two devices especially designed for tomographic thyroid imaging are compared on the basis of phantom experiments and four patients studies: a seven pinhole (7P) collimator and a time-coded aperture (TCA). The results of patient studies show that the 7P collimator may miss smaller abnormalities and is prone to incorrect positioning. The TCA reconstructions of patient data confirm the good performance observed in the phantom studies and demonstrate a high degree of lesion detectability. The TCA also provides higher efficiency and shorter imaging times than the 7P collimator. It is therefore concluded that TCA imaging is a promising alternative to multiple view pinhole imaging of the thyroid. PMID- 3500291 TI - Attenuation correction equations for SPECT. PMID- 3500290 TI - Demonstration of focal hyperemia in acute cerebral infarction with iodine-123 iodoamphetamine. AB - Focal hyperemia is known to occur in regions of acute cerebral infarction. Presented here are two cases in which SPECT images with 125I-labeled iodoamphetamine demonstrated focal areas of increased tracer concentration associated with cerebral infarction. These results may have important implications regarding the physiology of iodoamphetamine in cerebral infarction and, in particular, whether the distribution of this tracer is related to regional blood flow in this setting. In addition, interpretation of iodoamphetamine images in cerebral infarction should include consideration of this finding. PMID- 3500292 TI - Macrophage-mediated depression of T-cell proliferation in zinc-deficient mice. AB - Splenic T-cells and macrophages (adherent cells) from zinc-deficient (ZD) mice and pair-fed (PF) control mice were isolated, purified and recombined in defined proportions to evaluate the contribution of each cell type to impaired mitogenesis. The results of cell crossover experiments revealed that the observed depression in T-cell proliferation in the ZD mice was indirect and due to a primary defect in the macrophage population that could be overcome by increasing the proportion of macrophages in culture. In contrast, the proliferative capacity of purified T-cells from ZD mice was not different from control levels when the cells were combined with macrophages from PF control mice. Similar results were obtained in neonatally thymectomized ZD and PF mice, suggesting that long-lived T cells may have been processed normally through the thymus before the 6 wk of dietary zinc deprivation. After 12 wk of zinc depletion, however, the proliferative capacity of T-cells from ZD mice was significantly depressed, suggesting a direct effect on the maintenance or maturational state of T-cell subpopulations when the period of deficiency approached the half-life of these cells. These results emphasize the continuum of immunologic alteration with progressive nutritional intervention, which may vary depending on the age of induction and the duration of depletion. PMID- 3500293 TI - Safety practices in construction industry. AB - Construction workers' safety practices were studied in relation to individual and situational factors. The study included a survey among 384 workers, 88 foremen, and 9 superintendents employed at nine nonresidential construction sites as well as one-time observations of safety practices at each site. Most workers displayed a high compliance with safety rules. Attitude toward safety performance and age were the most powerful predictors of safety performance. No relationship was found between workers' attitude and exposure to safety training or safety meetings. Nor was any relationship seen between workers' knowledge of safety performance and safety interventions. Findings suggested further consideration of the training needs of younger workers and foremen and evaluation of safety interventions. PMID- 3500294 TI - Effect of peripheral nerve on limb development. AB - The effect of peripheral nerve on limb growth and maturation has received little attention after the limb differentiation stage. This study used an amphibian model (Rana pipiens) to examine the effect of temporary denervation on the development of limb muscle and bone tissues. Quantitative microscopic techniques were employed to evaluate bone and muscle size and cellularity between denervated and control limbs. A 15% decrease in tibial length and a 17% decrease in cross sectional area were found in the temporarily denervated limbs as compared with the control limbs during the growing period studied. A 26% increase in tibial osteocyte density was found in the denervated limbs, although total osteocyte number was the same. The same differences were found on comparing less and more mature limbs from normal animals. Gastrocnemius muscle from temporarily denervated limbs had a 46% lesser cross-sectional surface area and a 66% greater muscle fiber density as compared with control limbs. Total muscle fiber number was the same. Similar findings were observed comparing limbs of different maturities from normal unoperated animals. This study suggests that the absence of peripheral nerves decreases the rate of bone maturation, which effect may be responsible for the diminished size of denervated limbs. This work demonstrates a model for regional growth disturbances that may aid in understanding such disorders as idiopathic leg length discrepancy, hemihypertrophy, clubfoot, and the limb deformities created by paralytic diseases. PMID- 3500295 TI - Bone mineral in the castrated rat model of osteopenia. AB - The effects of castration on cortical bone structure and chemistry were studied in male Wistar rats of two age groups, 8 and 24 months. Some rats were castrated and some were sham operated (control) in each group. All animals were killed after 4 months. Although no changes in serum chemistry, bone chemistry, or bone histology could be found, the young castrated animals versus controls showed less density of bone mineral as determined by the density fractionation technique and smaller crystallite size of mineral particles as determined by x-ray diffraction line-broadening analysis. These changes, indicative of less mature bone formation, were not observed in mature castrated or control rats despite a decreased amount of bone compared with young rats. In this model, castration appears to affect bone mineral quality in young but not in old animals. PMID- 3500296 TI - [Relapsing polychondritis--etiology of audiovestibular disorders]. PMID- 3500298 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits thermal injury. AB - Thermal injury to the skin increases transfer of plasma fluids and proteins into the interstitium. Here, protein extravasation and edema were produced by immersion of the anesthetized rat's paw in 48 degrees C or 58 degrees C water for 5 min. Protein extravasation was measured by Evans blue dye leakage into the skin and edema by increases in skin weights. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), having the human/rat 41-amino acid sequence, was efficacious in reducing these indices of thermal injury. Injected i.v. at microgram doses or intradermally at nanogram doses, it inhibited the protein extravasation and edema produced by heat. The intradermal median inhibitory dose (ED50) of CRF against protein extravasation elicited by 48 degrees C water was 21.8 times lower than the i.v. ED50, indicating that CRF's actions occurred locally in the paw skin. Ovine-CRF and dynorphin A(1-13) injected i.v. inhibited the protein extravasation and edema induced by 58 degrees C water, but morphine, ethylketocyclazocine and FK 33,824 (a stabilized enkephalin analog) were not active at this temperature. CRF may be a powerful inhibitor of the acute inflammatory response of the skin to thermal irritation. PMID- 3500297 TI - Cyclosporine-induced remission of relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children. AB - We treated 20 steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent nephrotic patients with oral cyclosporin for 8 weeks; they had been treated previously with cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil. Cyclosporine was started at 7 mg/kg/d and titrated to maintain a serum level of 100 to 200 ng/mL. Of 20 patients, 14 had a complete remission and the remaining six had a reduction in their proteinuria. By life table analysis, 40% of the responders show a sustained remission of up to a year. Pretherapy levels of interleukin 2, measured in 10 patients, were normal or supranormal in eight, six of whom were treatment responders; two patients with low levels of interleukin 2 were both nonresponders. Cyclosporine can be used to induce a remission in relapsing nephrotic patients, and short-term cyclosporine therapy does not produce nephrotoxic effects. PMID- 3500300 TI - M2 muscarinic receptor subtype is associated with inositol trisphosphate accumulation, myosin light chain phosphorylation and contraction in sphincter smooth muscle of rabbit iris. AB - The relationships between occupancy of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on iris sphincter muscle, measured by [3H]quinuclidinylbenzylate (QNB) binding, carbachol (CCh)-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis, measured as myo-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and contraction were analyzed by examination of the dose-response relationships and the effects of the muscarinic antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine (PZ). CCh caused a concentration-dependent accumulation of IP3 (EC50 = 2.3 X 10(-6) M), MLC phosphorylation (EC50 = 3.8 X 10(-6) M), contraction (EC50 = 0.55 X 10(-6) M) and [3H]QNB displacement [KH (high affinity dissociation constant) = 2.9 X 10(-6) M]. The time course of atropine reversal of CCh-induced IP3 accumulation and muscle contraction revealed that the continued presence of activated muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was required to maintain IP3 production and contraction. Atropine was about 2 orders of magnitude more potent than PZ in inhibiting the CCh-induced biochemical and pharmacological responses and [3H] QNB binding, indicating the preponderance of M2 receptors in this smooth muscle. Thus, the PA2 values for atropine antagonism of CCh-stimulated IP3 accumulation, MLC phosphorylation and contraction were 9.1, 9.05 and 9.39, respectively, and for PZ antagonism were 7.12, 7.10 and 7.29, respectively. Furthermore, the KD values for atropine and PZ antagonism of [3H]QNB binding were 6.9 X 10(-10) and 1.5 X 10(-7) M, respectively. In addition, AF-DX116 (11-[(2 [(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl) acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6 H-pyrido[2,3 b][1,4]benzodiazepine-6-one), a M2 cardioselective antagonist, significantly inhibited the CCh-induced IP3 accumulation and muscle contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500299 TI - Cyclosporine A inhibits bone resorption in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria. AB - The effect of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA) on the resorption of neonatal mouse calvaria was examined in vitro. CsA, at concentrations of 10( 7) to 3 X 10(-5) M, inhibited bone resorption produced by 10(-8) M parathyroid hormone, 3 U/ml of mouse recombinant interleukin-1,5 X 10(-7) M prostaglandin E2, 14 U/ml of thrombin, 5 micrograms/ml of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or 10(-9) M 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The effects of CsA on resorption were maintained over 72 h of culture with parathyroid hormone or prostaglandin E2 with no evidence of "escape". Removal of CsA from the cultures resulted in recovery of the resorptive response after a 24-h delay. CsA did not affect thymidine incorporation into DNA in the calvaria. Our results demonstrate that CsA is a nonselective antiresorptive agent in bone, with actions that differ somewhat from those of calcitonin. The results confirm and extend our previous findings on effects of CsA in fetal rat limb bones, with the exception that the inhibitory effects of CsA were more rapidly and completely reversible in the limb bone system. PMID- 3500301 TI - Increase in Ca++ sensitivity of the contractile system by MCI-154, a novel cardiotonic agent, in chemically skinned fibers from the guinea pig papillary muscles. AB - The effects of MCI-154, a novel cardiotonic agent, on the contractile protein system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were investigated by using thin bundles of chemically skinned fibers from the guinea pig papillary muscles. In the skinned muscle fibers treated with 50 micrograms/ml of saponin, MCI-154 shifted the -log[Ca++]M-tension relation curve to the left and upward in the concentration-dependent manner (10(-7) to 10(-4) M). This was confirmed also in the skinned muscle fibers treated with 250 micrograms/ml of saponin which destroyed not only the surface membrane but also the function of SR. Sulmazole (10(-4) M) shifted the -log[Ca++]M-tension relation curve to the left but the effect was about 100 times less potent than that of MCI-154. Unlike MCI-154, sulmazole had little effect on the maximum tension development induced by log[Ca++]M 4.4. Milrinone did not affect the Ca++-induced tension development in the skinned cardiac fibers. Higher concentration of MCI-154 (10(-4) M) also increased amplitude of -log[Mg-ATP]M-tension-curve in the absence of free Ca++ ion (bell-shaped curve) to the upward. Initial rate and plateau phase of Ca++ uptake by the SR in the skinned fibers treated with 50 micrograms/ml of saponin was increased slightly by MCI-154 at the concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M. MCI-154 had no effect on the Ca++-induced Ca++ release mechanism in the SR. These results suggest that an increase in Ca++ sensitivity of the contractile protein system is responsible for, at least in part, the mechanism of the positive inotropic action of MCI-154.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500302 TI - Pharmacology of the alkaloid pumiliotoxin-B. II. Possible involvement of calcium and sodium-dependent processes in nerve and skeletal muscle. AB - The mechanism of the twitch potentiating action of pumiliotoxin-B (PTX-B), an indolizidine alkaloid from the skin of the frog Dendrobates pumilio, was studied on frog skeletal muscles. In the presence of PTX-B, a single stimulus to the muscle produced either a burst of repetitive action potentials superimposed on a depolarizing afterpotential or a single potential with a prolonged afterpotential at junctional as well as extrajunctional regions of the frog skeletal muscle fibers. The alkaloid did not cause repetitive activity in quiescent cells or spontaneous contractions. The duration of the burst of action potentials was related inversely and the amplitude and duration of postburst depolarizing after potential was related directly to the concentration of PTX-B. The typical pattern of repetitive action potentials and postburst depolarization induced by PTX-B could be mimicked by depolarizing the muscle membrane with current pulses of long duration (150-470 ms). Lowering the external calcium or sodium concentration reduced the ability of PTX-B to initiate repetitive action potentials, whereas a low external chloride concentration had no effect. The frequency of MEPPs evoked by potassium, but not the spontaneous MEPP frequency, was increased by PTX-B, suggesting a selective effect on evoked transmitter release. PTX-B evoked repetitive EPPs in response to a single stimulus applied to the nerve, which was dependent upon the external calcium ion concentration. The amplitudes of EPPs in the train were facilitated, and their amplitude increased linearly at the lowest calcium concentration, but not at concentrations from 0.45 to 1.8 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500303 TI - Comparison of the after-effects of impulse conduction on threshold at nodes of Ranvier along single frog sciatic axons. AB - 1. Single axons were teased from the distal end of whole frog sciatic nerve and impulses were recorded with a suction electrode. The whole nerve trunk was stimulated using a gross electrode that was slowly moved for several centimetres along the length of the nerve. The threshold for initiation of an action potential showed periodic minima which were interpreted as the location of nodes of Ranvier. 2. Internodal distances were uniform along individual fibres but differed among fibres having matching conduction velocities, suggesting that other individuating characteristics are also important in determining the spacing of nodes. 3. A standard protocol was used to measure the activity dependence of threshold. Nodes along any given fibre were found to be alike in the dependence of threshold on impulse activity. Both the superexcitable phase and the depressed phase of the after-effects of impulse activity were similar for successive nodes. This suggests that the activity dependence of an unbranched length of axon can be well characterized by looking at any one of its nodes. 4. Comparison of nodes from different axons showed large variations in activity dependence. Depressibility, denoting the relative tendency of an axon to show depression, was quantified either as the initial rate of rise in threshold (percentage increase/min) following the onset of repetitive stimulation or as the total rise in threshold (percentage increase) after 5 min of exposure to a standardized rate of repetitive stimulation. By either measure depressibility differed among axons more than it differed among nodes from a single axon. 5. Superexcitability following single impulses was measured in the absence of depression. Axons exhibiting a larger decrease in threshold during the superexcitable phase also tended to show larger depressions relative to other axons when stimulated at a given rate. 6. There was little correlation between conduction velocity and the magnitude of either the depressed phase or the superexcitable phase within the population of fibres studied. This suggests that axon diameter alone (as indicated by conduction velocity) cannot be responsible for the wide variations in the amplitude of the depressed phase or the superexcitable phase. 7. The results suggest that some process exists to constrain the nodes along a fibre to have a uniform activity dependence. PMID- 3500304 TI - Tympanic and extratympanic sound transmission in the leopard frog. AB - The inner ear of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, receives sound via two separate pathways: the tympanic-columellar pathway and an extra-tympanic route. The relative efficiency of the two pathways was investigated. Laser interferometry measurements of tympanic vibration induced by free-field acoustic stimulation reveal a broadly tuned response with maximal vibration at 800 and 1500 Hz. Vibrational amplitude falls off rapidly above and below these frequencies so that above 2 kHz and below 300 Hz tympanic vibration is severely reduced. Electrophysiological measurements of the thresholds of single eighth cranial nerve fibers from both the amphibian and basilar papillae in response to pure tones were made in such a way that the relative efficiency of tympanic and extratympanic transmission could be assessed for each fiber. Thresholds for the two routes are very similar up to 1.0 kHz, above which tympanic transmission eventually becomes more efficient by 15-20 dB. By varying the relative phase of the two modes of stimulation, a reduction of the eighth nerve response can be achieved. When considered together, the measurements of tympanic vibration and the measurements of tympanic and extratympanic transmission thresholds suggest that under normal conditions in this species (1) below 300 Hz extratympanic sound transmission is the main source of inner ear stimulation; (2) for most of the basilar papilla frequency range (i.e., above 1.2 kHz) tympanic transmission is more important; and (3) both routes contribute to the stimulation of amphibian papilla fibers tuned between those points. Thus acoustic excitation of the an uran's inner ear depends on a complex interaction between tympanic and extratympanic sound transmission. PMID- 3500306 TI - Mortality from ischaemic heart disease in the Armed Forces 1973-1984. PMID- 3500307 TI - Alcohol associated deaths in British soldiers. PMID- 3500305 TI - A comparison of mothers and infants of different ethnic origins delivering in the British Military Hospital, Hong Kong, 1976-1985. AB - The majority of infants being delivered in the British Military Hospital, Hong Kong are of British, Chinese or Nepalese origin. This paper compares perinatal data from these three groups of mothers and their babies, and in particular looks at the variations in perinatal mortality rates over the 10 year period 1976-1985. Mortality among the British babies has declined in a way similar to many areas of Britain. The Chinese have a very low perinatal mortality rate probably due to fewer preterm, multiple and abnormal births, but mortality has increased over the last 10 years and there is evidence that the rise may be due to changes in maternal health. The incidence of pregnancy associated hypertension has increased threefold among the Chinese. The Nepalese have a perinatal mortality similar to that of the British, much lower than that expected had they delivered in Nepal, and this probably reflects the application of modern obstetric care to these mothers. In all groups there has been a rise in instrumental deliveries but this is most marked among the Chinese in whom there has also been a significant increase in infants with low apgar scores. The Nepalese have the lowest incidence of forceps and operative deliveries and possible reasons for these differences are discussed. PMID- 3500308 TI - Utilization of antigen specific cytotoxic T-cells as a sensitive approach to investigate the fate of placentally injected allogeneic lymphocytes. AB - In this report we present a model for the introduction of immunocompetent populations during murine gestation and the subsequent detection of allogeneic cells in the offspring. A highly sensitive in vitro assay, the primed lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay, which can detect extremely low numbers of allogeneic cells residing within host tissue is described. Primed cytotoxic T cells specific for class I antigens were found to be restimulated by as few as 10-50 allogeneic spleen cells from within 10,000 syngeneic neonatal spleen or liver cells. Various tissues derived from neonatal mice which had been placentally injected 1 or 10 days previously were found to contain markedly different percentages of "chimeric" cells in the neonatal organs examined. Notably, while spleen and lung contained more allogeneic cells early following injection, 10 days later the liver contained the highest percentage and the thymus and spleen a significantly lower percentage of allogeneic cells. These findings are discussed with respect to the possible enhancement or depression of the offspring's immune responsiveness following interaction with alloantigen bearing lymphoid cells. PMID- 3500309 TI - The alloantibody response in the allogeneically pregnant rat. V. Absence of cell mediated immunity in high responders. AB - Allogeneically pregnant rats have been examined postpartum to determine whether they are sensitized against paternal class I antigens for cell-mediated immunity. This study was undertaken as this point is ambiguous. Since the response of the female to paternal MHC antigens is genetically controlled it is possible that the inability of some investigations to detect cell-mediated immunity against the paternal strain was due to the use of non-responder strain combinations. Cell mediated immunity was assayed in a strain combination that is an unambiguous high responder, in which 100% of the females respond to the paternal strain by making alloantibodies. Maternal cell-mediated responses to paternal antigens were measured by the assays of DTH and IL-2 secretion under limiting conditions. We were unable to detect any cell-mediated immunity to paternal class I antigens even though the female produced copious quantities of alloantibody. PMID- 3500310 TI - Levels of some complement components in azoospermic, oligospermic and normospermic Nigerian men. AB - The levels of complement components (C1q, C4, C3 and C3d) were measured in the sera of nine azoospermic Nigerian men and compared with those of 12 oligospermic and 19 normospermic Nigerian men. The mean values of C1q, C4, C3 and C3d for azoospermic men showed no significant difference from those obtained for the other men. Generally, the individual sera from the azoospermic men did not show abnormally lowered levels of any of the complement components when compared with values obtained for the normospermic group. PMID- 3500311 TI - National Study of Health and Growth: effect of change in design with reference to efficiency of mixed longitudinal studies for measuring trends. AB - The National Study of Health and Growth (NSHG) is a surveillance system which monitors the growth of primary school children in England and Scotland, set up in 1972 following changes in the school milk and welfare system. However, the study contained few children from inner city areas or ethnic minorities. In 1982 its design was changed from one in which the same areas were surveyed every year, to two separate systems with areas surveyed every two years, one set of areas corresponding to those in the original study, and the other set consisting of inner city and ethnic minority areas. The precision of the estimates of trends in height and weight for each system was smaller than that of the original system, but by less than 50%, so that an overall gain in information was achieved. Studies of mixed longitudinal design are shown also to be generally, but not always, less efficient for estimating trends than independent cross-sectional surveys obtaining the same number of measurements. PMID- 3500312 TI - Disorders of haemoglobin in China. AB - A large scale survey of haemoglobinopathies and thalassaemia has been carried out in China, involving 900,000 people in 28 provinces. It has resulted in the finding of many new variants and some interesting cases of thalassaemia, and in a study on the chemical structure of abnormal haemoglobins and DNA analysis of thalassaemia. We report here data on haemoglobin disorders in the Chinese, mainly the characterisation of the geographical distribution of haemoglobin variants, the analysis of globin genes of alpha, beta, gamma, or delta beta thalassaemia, and the progress in prenatal diagnosis of alpha and beta thalassaemia conducted in the authors' laboratory. PMID- 3500313 TI - Prevalence and mode of inheritance of major genetic eye diseases in China. AB - The prevalence and mode of inheritance of major genetic eye diseases have been investigated in China since the establishment of the Section of Ophthalmic Genetics of the Chinese Society of Genetics. Mass screening of genetic eye diseases has been undertaken in many districts in China, covering more than 700,000 people, and more than 5000 pedigrees of genetic eye diseases have been collected and analysed all over China. Based on these data, the prevalence and mode of inheritance of dyschromatopsia, degenerative myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, congenital ptosis, congenital microphthalmos, congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, Leber's optic atrophy, corneal dystrophy, congenital nystagmus, coloboma of the eye, congenital aniridia, retinoblastoma, macular dystrophy, simple myopia, primary glaucoma, and strabismus have been investigated, and the results are presented. PMID- 3500314 TI - Prevalence and genetic aspects of deaf mutism in Shanghai. AB - Two hundred and eighty-five cases of congenital deaf mutism were ascertained in a population of 483,611 in Zhabei District in Shanghai. The prevalence was 0.059% (1:1697). Inherited cases accounted for 84.83% of all cases. The mode of inheritance was autosomal recessive with complete penetrance and heterogeneity (consisting of at least five different loci). The fitness was 77.63%, the coefficient of selection was 0.2237, the mutation rate was 1.119 x 10(-4) mutation/gamete, and no heterozygote advantage was proven. PMID- 3500315 TI - Activation and long-term proliferation of human cord blood T cells with human recombinant interleukin-2. AB - We report here the results of in vitro studies that demonstrate that purified human recombinant interleukin-2 (hrIL-2) is a potent stimulant for freshly isolated cord blood lymphocytes of healthy full-term infants. Different culture parameters were studied to define the optimal conditions for eliciting maximal levels of activation. Highest levels of hrIL-2-induced TdR[3H] uptake were recorded on day 7 for cultures containing 100 U hrIL-2/ml. Results of comparative studies demonstrated that the reactivity of cord blood lymphocytes to hrIL-2 was equal to, if not greater than, that of healthy adult lymphocytes. Cord blood cells that had been activated with hrIL-2 could be propagated in long-term (greater than 30 days) cultures as hrIL-2-dependent lines, and these lines could be initiated with a high degree of success. Phenotypic analysis was performed using different monoclonal antibodies and cytofluorometry, and studies characterizing cells of the long-term lines have shown that they consisted of a heterogenous population of T4 helper and T8 cytotoxic/suppressor cells; in some instances, natural killer (NK) cells were also present. Other experiments demonstrated that hrIL-2-activated and hrIL-2-propagated T cells expressed the IL 2 receptor (IL-2R; defined by monoclonal antibody anti-Tac) and the number of IL 2-R-positive cells could be increased two-fold or more by exposing the cells to a phorbol ester. This report provides additional information to support the hypothesis that hrIL-2 not only sustains T cell proliferation (i.e., second signal) but also induces T cell activation (i.e., first signal).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500316 TI - Evidence of interleukin-1-like activity associated with bovine serum albumin. AB - Little information is available concerning the "spontaneous" Interleukin-1 (IL-1) which occurs in vivo without apparent stimulation. Although PHA and con A suboptimally induced, and PPD-induced, lymphocyte responses in 0.25% BSA containing serum-free medium were markedly depressed when Mo was depleted, there was no significant reduction of the response of Mo-depleted lymphocytes in 2% BSA. In addition, lymphocyte transformation in 2% BSA exhibited enhancement of response of Mo-depleted lymphocytes when compared to the response of Mo-depleted lymphocytes in 0.25% BSA. These observations indicate that an IL-1-like activity is not only found in normal bovine serum but also may have an in vivo function modulating lymphocyte response to antigen. PMID- 3500317 TI - Interaction between the replication origin and the initiator protein of the filamentous phage f1. Binding occurs in two steps. AB - The replication initiator protein of bacteriophage f1 (gene II protein) binds to the phage origin and forms two complexes that are separable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Complex I is formed at low gene II protein concentrations, and shows protection from DNase I of about 25 base-pairs (from position +2 to +28 relative to the nicking site) at the center of the minimal origin sequence. Complex II is produced at higher concentrations of the protein, and has about 40 base-pairs (from -7 to +33) protected. On the basis of gel mobility, complex II appears to contain twice the amount of gene II protein as does complex I. The 40 base-pair sequence protected in complex II corresponds to the minimal origin sequence as determined by in-vivo analyses. The central 15 base-pair sequence (from +6 to +20) of the minimal origin consists of two repeats in inverted orientation. This sequence, when cloned into a plasmid, can form complex I, but not complex II. We call this 15 base-pair element the core binding sequence for gene II protein. Methylation interference with the formation of complex I by the wild-type origin indicates that gene II protein contacts six guanine residues located in a symmetric configuration within the core binding sequence. Formation of complex II requires, in addition to the core binding sequence, the adjacent ten base-pair sequence on the right containing a third homologous repeat. A methylation interference experiment performed on complex II indicates that gene II protein interacts homologously with the three repeats. In complex II, gene II protein protects from DNase I digestion not only ten base-pairs on the right but also ten base-pairs on the left of the sequence that is protected in complex I. Footprint analyses of various deletion mutants indicate that the left-most ten base-pairs are protected regardless of their sequence. The site of nicking by gene II protein is located within this region. A model is presented for the binding reaction involving both protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. PMID- 3500318 TI - Crystallographic characterization of recombinant human interleukin 2. AB - Recombinant human interleukin 2 produced by Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and crystallized after being separated from methionyl interleukin 2. Crystals suitable for structural studies have been obtained by the seed enlargement technique, using the method of vapor diffusion with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant at pH 4.6. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2 with cell dimensions a = 49.2 A, b = 87.6 A and c = 32.4 A. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of the protein. From preliminary results, the crystals are moderately stable to X rays and produce measurable reflections to a resolution of about 2.2 A. The diffraction data for the native crystals have been collected on a diffractometer at 2.4 A resolution. PMID- 3500319 TI - Comparison of antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid arthritis factor test results between two nearby hospitals. AB - Antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid arthritis factor test results were compared between two nearby hospitals of approximately the same size but with different patient populations. There were dramatic differences in percentage of positive results, titers, and patterns (for antinuclear antibody tests) between the two institutions. PMID- 3500320 TI - Role of growth hormone in regulating T-dependent immune events in aged, nude, and transgenic rodents. AB - Growth hormone (GH) appears to play a major role in a reciprocal axis that has been postulated between the thymus and pituitary glands. Our previous studies showed that thymic structure, as well as T-cell proliferation and IL-2 synthesis, could be restored in aged female Wistar-Furth rats by the implantation of GH3 pituitary adenoma cells. These cells secrete GH and some prolactin. We have now used three different approaches to determine whether GH affects a variety of immune events in vivo in both old and young rodents, and whether GH3 cells can directly affect progenitor T-cells in nude rats that congenitally lack a thymus gland. To test the effects of GH in aged rats, 750 micrograms of pituitary derived ovine GH was injected 2 x daily into 26-month-old Fischer 344 rats for 5 weeks. This approach demonstrated that GH augments splenocyte proliferation to T cell lectins as well as natural killer (NK) activity at low effector:target ratios even though morphologic characteristics of the thymus were not altered. To assess the effect of GH in young rodents, mice were studied that were transgenic for the rat metallothionein-GH gene. Histologic evaluation of thymus glands revealed that the amount of adipose tissue and the number of epithelial cells and Hassall's corpuscles are augmented in transgenic mice. Splenocyte proliferation at suboptimal mitogen doses is greater in transgenic than in control littermate mice, but neither IL-2 synthesis nor antibody synthesis to sheep erythrocytes is affected. The role of pituitary hormones on progenitor T-cells was then explored by implanting GH3 cells into Rowett nude rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500321 TI - The influence of nerve growth factor on the in vitro proliferative response of rat spleen lymphocytes. AB - Splenic lymphocytes and accessory cells express receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF), a well-characterized neurotropic peptide that influences the development and survival of neuronal elements in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the present study, we report that when rat splenic mononuclear cells (MC) are incubated in the presence of NGF, a dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis occurs during 96-120 hours of culture as measured by 3H thymidine (3H-Thd) uptake. The minimal molar concentration of NGF at which the increased proliferative response of the cells (3.7 nM) is seen corresponded to the equilibrium disassociation binding constant of the MC (Kd = 2.5 nM), suggesting that the response was a consequence of receptor-ligand interaction. In addition, NGF was able to potentiate the lymphoproliferative response to several T-cell and B-cell mitogens. Significantly increased 3H-Thd uptake by NGF-stimulated cells was noted for concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), particularly at suboptimal dosages of mitogen. Thus it appears that the NGF receptors on rat splenic MC are physiologically relevant and that NGF can modulate proliferation of T- and B- cells. PMID- 3500322 TI - Interleukin-2 inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation depends on expression of the TAC receptor. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to inhibit oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation. Within the immune system, IL-2 biological action is dependent strictly on the expression of the IL-2 receptor. The antibody TAC, which specifically binds the lymphocyte IL-2 receptor, has been shown to also bind oligodendrocyte progenitor cells cultured in a serumless, chemically defined medium. The expression of the TAC antigen was found necessary for IL-2 inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation. After IL-2 induced down regulation of the TAC antigen, the progenitor cell was unresponsive to IL-2, even 72 hr after IL-2 withdrawal. During this unresponsive period, the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell was immunocytochemically negative for the TAC antigen. Thus, in contrast to IL-2 receptors on T-cells, IL-2 does not up-regulate its receptor on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, upon interleukin 1 (IL-1) addition both IL-2 responsiveness and TAC immunocytochemical staining reappeared. These data suggest that IL-2 inhibition of progenitor cell proliferation depends on the expression of the TAC antigen, which can be regulated by IL-1. PMID- 3500323 TI - Ameboid microglia as effectors of inflammation in the central nervous system. AB - Techniques for selective isolation, labeling, stimulation, and destruction of ameboid microglia allow study of some fundamental questions in neuroimmunology. Examination of surface morphology, proliferative capacity, and cytochemistry suggests that microglia are a class of brain mononuclear phagocytes distinct from blood monocytes, spleen macrophages, or resident peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, cultured ameboid microglia isolated from newborn brain can be induced to grow thin cytoplasmic projections several hundred microns in length; these process-bearing cells resemble a differentiated form of microglia found in adult brain. Ameboid microglia may contribute to brain inflammation by engulfing debris, by releasing cytotoxins, by killing neighboring cells, and by secreting astroglial growth factors. Importantly, ameboid microglia are closely tied to a network of immunomodulators that include colony-stimulating factors and Interleukin-1. The presence of activated microglia during normal embryogenesis and at sites of penetrating brain injury suggests that these cells serve as important effectors linking the immune system with growth and repair of the CNS. PMID- 3500324 TI - Central action of interleukin-1 in altering the release of TSH, growth hormone, and prolactin in the male rat. AB - In order to determine the possible effects of interleukin-1 on the release of pituitary hormones by direct action on the brain, the peptide was injected into the third brain ventricle of conscious, unrestrained male rats and the effects on hormone release were compared with effects on rectal temperature. The procedure of blood sampling and intraventricular injection resulted in a significant decline in body temperature and a decrease in plasma growth hormone without alteration in the plasma level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. Interleukin-1 injected intraventricularly at a dose of 5 ng (0.3 pmol) prevented the decline in body temperature that occurred in the saline-injected controls and resulted in a significant elevation of plasma growth hormone levels that became apparent within 15 min of injection, as well as a highly variable but significant elevation of plasma prolactin and a significant decline in plasma TSH that was observed at 30 min. The results were similar when areas under the release curves for the various hormones were calculated. On the other hand, the higher dose of 25 ng (1.5 pmole) of interleukin-1, although producing a frank pyrexia, was associated with smaller changes in hormone values, which were no longer significant for any of the three hormones. The results indicate that interleukin-1 can act in minute doses, presumably on structures near the third ventricle, to stimulate growth hormone and prolactin release and to inhibit TSH release. Apparently when frank febrile responses occur, these hormonal responses are muted for reasons that are yet to be determined. In view of the minute doses injected we favor a hypothalamic site for these effects. PMID- 3500325 TI - Preproenkephalin mRNA in T-cells, macrophages, and mast cells. AB - The presence of preproenkephalin mRNA in tumor cell lines derived from myeloid and mast cells was analyzed by RNA dot blot hybridization. A B-cell lymphoma was negative for preproenkephalin mRNA, but several T-cell lymphomas were positive. A mastocytoma and two macrophage cell lines were found to have high levels of preproenkephalin mRNA. Purified natural macrophages and mast cells also possessed easily detectable levels of this mRNA. PMID- 3500326 TI - Enkephalins and autoimmunity: differential effect of methionine-enkephalin on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Wistar and Lewis rats. AB - To evaluate the immunomodulating activity of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) in the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), two strains of rats, one highly susceptible to EAE (Lewis rats) and the other relatively resistant to the disease (Wistar rats) were used. The animals were given daily injections of either a high dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) or a low dose (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) of these opioid peptides, after receiving guinea pig spinal cord in combination with immunological adjuvants. A major conclusion from this study is that Met-Enk is a potent immunomodulator/regulator of the autoimmune disease, whereas Leu-Enk does not affect EAE. The high dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. of Met-Enk completely or significantly inhibited neurological signs and markedly diminished occurrence and intensity of histological lesions in the brain, and cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord. The loss of body weight, which accompanies EAE, was also prevented by a high dose of Met-Enk. In contrast, the low dose of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of Met-Enk potentiated neurological and histopathological features of the disease. Nonimmunized rats injected with enkephalins for a period of 17 consecutive days showed neither neurological nor histological signs of EAE, nor signs of intoxication due to the application of enkephalins. Thus, these data establish a link between methionine-enkephalin and EAE, and suggest that this opioid pentapeptide might be important in the pathogenesis and prevention of the inflammatory autoimmune disease. PMID- 3500327 TI - Downregulation of cell surface molecules during noncytopathic infection of T cells with human immunodeficiency virus. AB - Noncytopathic infection of human T-lymphoid cell line CR-10 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (CEM-N1T isolate) resulted in a gradual loss of cell surface receptors for OKT4/OKT4A (HIV receptor), OKT8, OKT3, and OKT11 but not for OKT9 (transferrin receptor) within 10 days after infection. Surface receptor decline was accompanied by a rapid increase in HIV antigens and mRNA expression. Multireceptor downregulation was also observed in three T-lymphoid cell lines (MT 4, CEM, and HBD-1) cytopathically infected with the HIV/N1T virus and in HUT-78 cells infected with the HIV/SF-2 isolate. HIV-infected and uninfected CR-10 cells contained similar levels of mRNAs coding for T3, T8, T9, T11, HLA-A2, and HLA-B7 proteins. By densitometry, fully infected CR-10 cells showed approximately 75% reduction in T4 and tubulin (beta chain) mRNA levels when compared with uninfected CR-10 cells. No such reduction was detected in HIV-infected MT-4 and HBD-1 cells. A T-cell receptor gene (beta chain) rearrangement study revealed that no distinct CR-10 subpopulation was selected out upon infection with HIV. Our results suggest that the reduction in cell surface receptors observed between 1 and 2 weeks postinfection cannot be directly attributed to similar reductions in mRNA levels coding for these receptor proteins. We conclude that HIV infection induces posttranscriptional downregulation of several T-cell surface receptors. PMID- 3500328 TI - T-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its recombinant antigens in HIV-infected chimpanzees. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzees infected for 3 months to more than 3 years with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had normal T-cell proliferative responses after stimulation with a variety of recall antigens and mitogens, indicating that HIV infection does not cause detectable immunological impairment in chimpanzees. This finding contrasts with that obtained in HIV-infected humans, who often have impaired T-cell reactivity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from most HIV-infected chimpanzees that were studied also had strong proliferative responses to purified HIV as well as to HIV envelope glycoproteins isolated from the virus, to recombinant HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, and to HIV gag protein p24. The HIV-specific T-cell responses in HIV-infected chimpanzees may contribute to prevention of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this species. PMID- 3500330 TI - Empiric diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 3500329 TI - Effective clearance of a persistent viral infection requires cooperation between virus-specific Lyt2+ T cells and nonspecific bone marrow-derived cells. AB - The lifelong chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection established in neonatally or congenitally infected mice can be eliminated by adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from LCMV-immune mice. In this study, we have identified the effector cells mediating the clearance of persistent and disseminated LCMV infection. Using mice that are recombinant in the H-2 region and by selective depletion of lymphocyte subpopulations, we show that viral clearance was mediated by LCMV-specific Lyt2+ L3T4- T cells that are restricted to the class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex. In addition, our results show a requirement for host-derived bone marrow cells for the effective elimination of virus from the liver. These studies emphasize the importance of virus-specific T cells and an intact bone marrow function in viral clearance. PMID- 3500331 TI - [Lymphocyte subsets and response of breast cancer and benign mammary disease to PHA]. AB - The lymphocyte counts, subsets and response to PHA in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer (stage I-III) and with a benign mammary disease have been evaluated. In the breast cancer cases, the lymphocyte counts and stimulation index of PHA increased gradually as the stages advanced but there was no statistical significance. The ratio and number of OKT 4 positive lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with breast cancer (stage I) between 40 and 59 years old than in patients with benign mammary diseases between the same ages. This impairment of OKT 4 in breast cancer (stage I) cases was considered as either a cause of the carcinoma or as a reflection of the environment of steroid hormones. PMID- 3500332 TI - Enhanced generation of OK-432-induced killer cells by interleukin 2. AB - Spleen cells of untreated mice became nonspecifically cytotoxic after cultivation in the presence of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432, for 3 or more days. The cytotoxic cells, named OK-432-induced killer (OIK) cells, injured a variety of target cells including syngeneic EL-4 cells resistant to natural killer (NK) cells, but not NK-susceptible YAC-1 cells. C57BL/6 splenic cells cultured for 5 days in the presence of both OK-432 and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were highly cytotoxic to both EL-4 and YAC-1 cells, and had Thy-1+, Lyt-1,2-, and asialogGM1+ phenotypes, which were identical with those of OIK cells. A test for competitive inhibition with cold target cells and fractionation by centrifugation onto discontinuous density gradients of Percoll showed that cytotoxic cells generated by OK-432 plus IL-2 comprised at least two populations; the cells in the first population were cytotoxic to EL-4 cells but not to YAC-1 cells, and were smaller in size than those in the second population, which were cytotoxic to YAC-1 cells and had NK morphology. Therefore, generation of OIK cells was augmented by IL-2. PMID- 3500333 TI - [Review on the causes of re-bleeding after direct surgical intervention for esophageal varices]. PMID- 3500335 TI - [Aging and virus infections]. PMID- 3500334 TI - [Circulatory diseases of people over 65 years in Nishi-ku, Yokohama--a cross sectional observation]. PMID- 3500336 TI - [Clinical significance of the periventricular hyperintensity on MRI]. PMID- 3500337 TI - [Two-color immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis of lymphocytes in minimal change nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 3500338 TI - [A comparison of several iterative reconstruction methods for ECT]. PMID- 3500339 TI - [Studies on cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with chronically obstructive carotid disease, using positron emission tomography (PET), in relation to the indication for EC/IC bypass surgery]. PMID- 3500340 TI - [Dead time correction in positron emission tomography--a method using single photon rate]. PMID- 3500341 TI - [The unfolded map: quantification of Tl-201 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography]. PMID- 3500342 TI - [Two-dimensional representation (bullet) method of thallium-201 myocardial SPECT; comparison with the polar map]. PMID- 3500343 TI - [2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-galactose: a new probe for the evaluation of liver function by PET. II. A first clinical PET study of the liver in normal volunteers]. PMID- 3500344 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of the osteocalcin RIA kit]. PMID- 3500345 TI - Immunological evaluation after splenectomy for hairy cell leukemia--a case report. AB - Immunocompetence is generally reduced in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and splenectomy is advocated by many authorities as being the initial treatment of choice for HCL. A 46-year-old Japanese man with HCL underwent a splenectomy and was studied, with respect to immunological parameters, pre- and post operatively. Preoperative analysis of the T cell subsets showed decreases in the proportions of OKT3 positive cells, OKT4 positive cells and OKT8 positive cells; a decrease in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio; and a markedly reduced lymphocyte blastic response in peripheral blood. After splenectomy, the increase in the proportion of OKT4 positive cells was greater than in that of OKT8 cells and the lymphocyte blastic response was also improved. The patient's post-operative course has been uneventful and immunological improvement is still recognizable now, 1 year after splenectomy. PMID- 3500347 TI - [Clinical application of optimal harvest and preservation method of great saphenous vein graft for A-C bypass]. PMID- 3500346 TI - [Cigarette smoking and lung metabolism--effects of cigarette smoking on plasma levels of complement C3a and C5a in rabbits]. PMID- 3500348 TI - [Myocardial revascularization by sequential saphenous vein grafting using vein holder]. PMID- 3500349 TI - [A new catheter for direct coronary artery perfusion]. PMID- 3500350 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of renal cell carcinoma with monoclonal anti Leu-M1 antibody]. PMID- 3500351 TI - Accumulation of Kupffer cells within lymphocyte aggregates in the livers of chickens injected with colloidal carbon and erythrocytes. PMID- 3500352 TI - Prolymphocytic T-cell lymphosarcoma in a dog. PMID- 3500353 TI - A case of swine T-cell lymphoma with the Lennert's lesion. PMID- 3500354 TI - Antitumor activity of a Streptococcus pyogenes preparation (OK-432). II. Analysis of the cytotoxic lymphocytes induced by OK-432 injection into tumor-bearing F344 rats. AB - In the present study, the antigenic phenotype and target cell specificity of the cytotoxic lymphocytes observed in F344 rats following the ip inoculation of a syngeneic MADB106 mammary carcinoma and the single injection of OK-432 were examined. When the cytotoxicity of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) was measured in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay, appreciable cytotoxicity against MADB106 tumor cells was evident by day 7-14 following OK-432 injection. With the use of an antibody (R1-3B3) and complement depletion of cytotoxic PECs, the MADB106 killer cells appeared to consist of both R1-3B3- (non-T) and R1-3B3+ (T) cells, with most of the anti-MADB106 killing residing in the R1-3B3- cell population. The R1 3B3- killer cells were further defined as: a) phenotypically asialoGM1+, b) present in athymic nude rats, and c) accompanied by some augmentation of YAC-1 killing [the prototype rat natural killer (NK) target], suggesting that some of these R1-3B3- killer cells were typical NK cells. However, it was also observed that most of the R1-3B3- cells that killed MADB106 tumor cells were: 1) phenotypically or functionally different from either cytotoxic T-cells or typical NK cells; 2) observed only in MADB106 tumor-bearing rats challenged with OK-432; 3) not present on day 1-2 following OK-432 injection, the time when YAC-1 killing was maximally augmented; and 4) present in high numbers in a secondary response following reinoculation of the MADB106 tumor cells into cured rats. The in vivo relevance and possible derivation of these various cytotoxic lymphocyte populations in the syngeneic tumor-bearing hosts are discussed. PMID- 3500355 TI - In vivo antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded in recombinant interleukin-2. AB - A method was described for the generation of cells from tumor-bearing mice; these cells were capable of exhibiting significant antitumor reactivity when adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts. Tumor cell suspensions from a variety of tumors were able to be separated using enzymatic techniques and they were cultured in medium containing recombinant interleukin-2. Activated infiltrating lymphocytes within these tumors expanded; and, by 6-8 days after initiation of culture, lymphocytes predominated and were able to grow to large numbers. The adoptive transfer of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) made possible mediation of the reduction of established 3-day pulmonary micrometastases from 5 of 7 tumors tested, including two 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS: 56-49-5)-induced sarcomas, one 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (CAS: 540-73-8)-induced colon carcinoma, and the B16 melanoma, all in C57BL/6 mice, as well as the 1660 bladder carcinoma in BALB/c mice. Approximately 2-4 X 10(6) transferred cells were capable of totally eliminating 3-day established metastases. These cells were thus 50 to 100 times more effective than lymphokine-activated killer cells in reducing established metastases; however, they could not be generated from all tumors. The concomitant administration of recombinant interleukin-2 enhanced, by approximately fivefold, the in vivo activity of these cells. The specificity of action of TILs in vivo was different from that determined by classic amputation rechallenge experiments. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that developed this antitumor reactivity appeared to be Thy-1+ and did not bear the asialo GM1 antigen. The potent antitumor effect of these TILs, when transferred in vivo to tumor-bearing hosts, raises the possibility of utilizing similar approaches for the isolation and therapeutic use of lymphocytes with antitumor reactivity from human tumors. PMID- 3500358 TI - [Incidence and prognosis of abnormalities of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 3500356 TI - An immunotoxin composed of a monoclonal antitransferrin receptor antibody linked by a disulfide bond to the ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin: potent in vitro and in vivo effects against human tumors. AB - An immunoconjugate was prepared containing a disulfide linker between a murine monoclonal antibody (5E9), which recognized the human transferrin receptor, and the ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin. This immunoconjugate was found to consist of two major species, 5E9-gelonin2 and 5E9-gelonin1, and a minor species of 5E9-gelonin3 and less than 10% of either free antibody or gelonin. 5E9-gelonin was extremely toxic in vitro to human tumor cell lines expressing the 5E9 antigen, including a Burkitt's lymphoma, an adult T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, an acute myelogenous leukemia, a promyelocytic leukemia, and a cervical carcinoma line. A 24-hour exposure to 10(-9) M immunoconjugate killed 90-99.9% of tumor cells, depending on the cell line. A 5E9-negative murine leukemia was not sensitive to this conjugate. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the disappearance of this immunoconjugate from the murine circulation revealed that it had a biphasic clearance, with an initial rapid phase with a half-life (t1/2) of 3 hours and a later, slower phase with a t1/2 of about 1 day. Analysis of blood samples by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that a substantial degree of disulfide-linker breakdown occurred in vivo and that the 5E9-gelonin2 species was cleared more rapidly than the 5E9-gelonin1. With use of the same clonogenic assays used to measure in vitro toxicity, biologically active immunoconjugate could be detected in murine plasma for up to 24 hours after iv administration, but the concentration of immunoconjugate by this measure was considerably less than that predicted by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The ability to deliver immunoconjugate to tumor cells in vivo was studied with use of the Burkitt's lymphoma Namalwa as a xenograft in nude mice. It was possible to deliver substantial amounts of immunoconjugate to Namalwa cells in xenografted ascites with direct ip inoculation; lower but significant amounts of immunoconjugate could be delivered to this xenograft after systemic iv administration, provided the tumor burden was low. The 5E9-gelonin conjugate, when administered iv at the time of ip tumor inoculation, prolonged survival of nude mice bearing Namalwa or other human tumors as ascites xenografts and delayed or prevented the growth of subcutaneous nodules of Namalwa in an antigen-specific fashion after a single iv injection. Direct intratumoral administration also inhibited the growth of visible subcutaneous nodules of Namalwa. This immunoconjugate may be useful in the treatment of human cancer. PMID- 3500357 TI - Augmentation of interleukin-2 immunotherapeutic effects by lymphokine-activated killer cells and allogeneic stimulation in murine tumor cells. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were used in intraperitoneal and pulmonary tumor models in C57BL/6 mice. To maintain the immunotherapeutic effects of IL-2 plus LAK treatment but reduce its toxicity, ways were sought to augment IL-2 effects. The investigation showed that the adoptive transfer of LAK cells was a prerequisite for successful therapy of intraperitoneal cancer. When LAK cells were given on consecutive days within one course of immunotherapy, antitumor efficacy was augmented with additional doses of LAK cells. However, with the reduction of 1 complete cycle of IL-2 + LAK cells, no further reduction in intraperitoneal tumor was observed as compared to the reduction after 2 or 4 cycles. LAK cells generated from splenocytes of mice that had received an allogeneic tumor challenge 1 week earlier exerted a highly increased cytotoxicity as compared to normal LAK cells. Furthermore, the potentiation effect of an allogeneic response of the host at the tumor site was demonstrated by decreased numbers of lung implants and improved survival in mice given mixtures of syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cell suspensions. An alloimmune response within the microenvironment of tumor tissue markedly enhanced the antitumor effect of IL-2 against the syngeneic tumor. It was concluded that there is a fundamental need to improve the recruitment of adoptively transferred LAK cells or LAK precursors into tumor tissue. This may be the next step required in the further development of IL-2 and LAK immunotherapy. PMID- 3500359 TI - [Electric stimulation of the intestine in paralytic ileus in children]. PMID- 3500360 TI - [Recurrent hemorrhage from a duodenal leiomyoma]. PMID- 3500361 TI - [An intraocular parasite (Cysticercus?)]. PMID- 3500363 TI - [Profuse intestinal hemorrhage in typhoid]. PMID- 3500362 TI - [Kinetics and clinical use of the combined D-xylose and NBT-PABA test]. AB - The oral D-xylose- and NBT-PABA-test are frequently applied as screening methods for malassimilation syndromes. After oral load time-related serum concentrations are used as reference values. In this study both substances were given simultaneously as isotonic solutions after a fasting period of 6 hours. A standard meal was offered 20 minutes later. Blood samples were taken prior to and 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of the test-substances. 43 pediatric patients were studied. 11 patients with cystic fibrosis, 10 patients with underlying intestinal disease such as coeliac disease and cows milk intolerance and 22 patients with other than gastrointestinal diseases were compared. In children with coeliac disease and cows milk intolerance 1-hour PABA concentrations were in the range of the control group whereas 1-hour D-xylose concentrations were lower than 15 mg/dl. In patients with cystic fibrosis the maximum concentrations of D-xylose were within the limits of normal values while 1-hour PABA concentrations were lower than 0.15 mg/dl in cases of relevant exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The results of this study show that the combined D-xylose and NBT-PABA-test has proved its practical value in cases of suspected malassimilation and its discriminatory property between patients with relevant pancreatic insufficiency and patients with diminished intestinal absorptive capacity due to coeliac disease or cow's milk intolerance. PMID- 3500364 TI - [Immunological indicators in hepatitis A]. PMID- 3500365 TI - Two cases of Sydenham's chorea: a disorder on the increase? PMID- 3500366 TI - Neonatal intraventricular/subependymal hemorrhage: clinical and radiologic implications. PMID- 3500367 TI - Changes in American drinking patterns and problems, 1967-1984. AB - Data from a 1984 general population survey of drinking practices and problems in the United States are compared with those from identically worded items in a 1967 survey. Results indicate that beverage preference changed between 1967 and 1984. Americans consumed more wine and beer but fewer distilled spirits in 1984. However, the volume of drinks consumed did not change significantly. There were few significant differences in drinking patterns with the exception of a small increase in the percentage of men who were abstainers in 1984. Mixed findings were obtained with regard to drinking problems. Little difference was found over time in the proportion of respondents experiencing any of nine possible problem consequences, but there was an increase in the proportion who reported experiencing one of four possible dependence problems. Implications of this survey for the single distribution theory of consumption are discussed. PMID- 3500368 TI - Longitudinal stability and dimensional structure of problem drinking in adolescence. AB - A multivariate analysis of dimensions of problem drinking and their stability across time is conducted through a series of confirmatory factor analyses (as opposed to exploratory factor analyses used in previous studies), using self report data from a longitudinal sample of adolescents and youth. Analyses are performed separately by age and gender. Results indicate that traditional measures of problem drinking represent at least two distinct dimensions- intensity of use and use-related problems--rather than a unitary construct for adolescent males and females. The results also suggest that dimensions of problem drinking remain relatively stable from 15 to 21 years of age, except that alcohol related problems are unstable for males from 15 to 18 years of age. PMID- 3500369 TI - Nature of the spleen cell populations capable of releasing tumor enhancing factor. AB - Supernatants obtained from short-cultured spleen cells (SCS) from BALB/c mice bearing a syngeneic mammary transplanted tumor--S13--showed enhancing activity on tumor growth when inoculated into the foot pad of normal syngeneic mice 24 hr before injection of S13 tumor cells. The present work was designed to characterize the spleen cell population responsible for the releasing of the enhancing factor (EF) as long as the tumor grows (small tumor bearing mice--STBM- and large tumor bearing mice--LTBM). Pretreatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy 1.2 serum + C' and nylon-wool columns were utilized to separate cell populations and to characterize the cellular source of the enhancing activity in the spleens of STBM and LTBM. In this tumor system, evidence is presented for distinct enhancing cell population operating in the spleens of STBM and LTBM. In early stages of tumor development, the EF was found to be associated with T and non-T cells, whereas in advanced stages of tumor growth, this activity was found to be associated with only T cells. PMID- 3500370 TI - Biochemical mechanisms of deoxycoformycin toxicity in chronic leukemias. AB - The in-vitro effects of deoxycoformycin (dCF) on dATP, NAD, ATP and DNA strand breaks have been evaluated in the cells from 42 patients with various types of chronic lymphoid leukemia. These included 18 with B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemias of different types (BCL); 10 with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 14 with T-cell chronic lymphoid leukemias of different types (TCL). The dATP concentrations in HCL, BCL and TCL increased from means of 2.9, 1.8 and 3.0 to 100.3, 68.2 and 51.3 pmol/10(6) cells respectively after 2 h with 10(-5) M dCF and 10(-4)M deoxyadenosine. After 18-24 h, the NAD levels and total double stranded DNA decreased to 37 and 12.5% (HCL) to 36 and 21.6% (BCL) and 40 and 20.5% (TCL) of control values respectively. Similar decreases were observed in ATP levels. The results do not suggest that these measurements in vitro would predict which patients with these disorders will respond to dCF therapy. Although HCL responds particularly well to dCF in vivo, no difference in the in-vitro effects of dCF studied here could be detected between cases of HCL and the other types of chronic leukemia. PMID- 3500371 TI - Characterization of a leukemia-derived transforming growth factor. AB - A novel transforming growth factor activity has been identified in the serum-free medium derived from cultures of SMS-SB cells, a human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. This activity (leukemia-derived transforming growth factor) was biochemically distinct from known fibroblast mitogens such as epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, and the endothelial cell growth factor/fibroblast growth factor family of mitogens. Leukemia-derived transforming growth factor was heterogeneous on heparin affinity chromatography, fractionating into three peaks of activity. Although these peaks differed in dose-response characteristics in agar colony and mitogenic assays, each activity was similarly inactivated by heat, acid treatment, and sulfhydryl reduction. Each of the heparin derivatives also behaved similarly on gel filtration and diethylaminoethyl chromatography. Leukemia-derived transforming growth factor was not mitogenic for normal or leukemic lymphocytes or granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. Therefore, a direct or autocrine function for this activity seems unlikely. PMID- 3500372 TI - Rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor genes in acute myeloid leukemia with lymphoid-associated markers. AB - Ten cases of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) displaying lymphoid-associated markers CD7 and/or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) have been investigated for rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor beta and gamma genes. Two of six TdT+ cases had clonally rearranged Ig genes, whereas six of eight CD7+ AMLs, including three that were TdT+, had a germ line configuration of both immunoglobulin and T cell receptor beta and gamma genes. A single case of CD7+ TdT- AML had clonal rearrangement of all three genes. These results indicate that expression of TdT and/or CD7 is not accompanied by gene rearrangement in most cases of adult AML. A minority of cases, displaying lymphoid-associated phenotypic markers and accompanying gene rearrangement, may represent a distinct subgroup of AML that arises from a rare, primitive stem cell, possessing extensive multilineage potential. PMID- 3500373 TI - Modulation of Friend virus infectivity in vivo by administration of purified preparations of human lactoferrin and recombinant murine interleukin-3 to mice. AB - Purified iron-saturated human milk lactoferrin (LF) and purified recombinant murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) were assessed in vivo for their effects on replication of spleen focus forming viruses (SFFV) in spleens of DBA/2 mice injected with the polycythemia-inducing strain of the Friend virus complex. LF and IL-3, inoculated 2 hr prior to the administration of the polycythemia inducing strain of the Friend virus complex, respectively decreased and increased the replication of SFFV in mice as assessed by the spleen focus forming unit assay in primary and secondary DBA/2 mice. Since virus infectivity is associated with the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle and it has been shown elsewhere that LF decreases and IL-3 increases the percent of hematopoietic progenitor cells in S-phase in vivo, the results suggest that the opposing actions of LF and IL-3 on replication of SFFV may reflect the actions of these molecules on cycling of the target cells for SFFV. PMID- 3500375 TI - Immature megakaryocytes in the mouse: synergistic response to megakaryocyte potentiator, thrombopoietic stimulatory factor with interleukin 3. AB - The in vitro biological activities of thrombopoietic stimulating factor, recombinant interleukin 3, and megakaryocyte potentiator from various sources were studied. Growth activities were assessed by the responsiveness of enriched populations of small, immature megakaryocytes to factor preparations by measuring increased numbers of acetylcholinesterase-positive cells and increased cell size as indices of megakaryocyte development. All factors stimulated optimum megakaryocyte growth at high concentrations. Immature megakaryocytes revealed the same responsiveness to titrated amounts of the various factors tested, with similar slopes to the dose-response curves. The activities of both thrombopoietic stimulating factor and megakaryocyte potentiator were additive when suboptimal doses were used. In contrast, low concentrations of recombinant interleukin 3 and thrombopoietic stimulating factor acted synergistically to stimulate an optimal response. The data indicate that at low and perhaps physiologically relevant concentrations, two classes of factors influence murine megakaryocyte development by different but related mechanisms. PMID- 3500374 TI - Cellular control of in vitro progression of murine myeloid leukemia: progression accompanies acquisition of independence from growth factor and stromal cells. AB - The ability of bone marrow stroma cells of normal WCB6F1 (+/+) mice versus their congenic Sl/Sld stromal-defective littermates to support sustained proliferation and leukemic transformation of the growth factor-dependent myeloid cell line FDC P1 was studied. Extensive proliferation of factor-dependent cells occurred on (+/+) normal long-term marrow culture stroma without the addition of growth factor, whereas factor-dependent cells dissipated from Sl/Sld stromal cultures after addition. The sustained proliferation that occurred on +/+ stromal layers later resulted in the appearance of factor-independent cell lines that were no longer dependent upon stroma. Factor-independent cell lines were cloned by limiting dilution and analyzed for expression of cell surface antigens to prove their origin from FDC-P1. Factor-independent cells, but not factor-dependent cells, formed tumors in syngeneic mice. These studies demonstrate a critical role for marrow stroma in the stepwise development of murine leukemia and are concordant with the previous data obtained in in vivo studies by McCool et al. that the splenic stroma of irradiated Sl/Sld mice do not support growth of Friend virus-induced preleukemic cell colonies. The present data demonstrate in a preleukemia model not induced by Friend virus complex that normal (+/+) stromal cells promote the in vitro proliferation of factor-dependent preleukemic cells and their subsequent transition to factor-independent leukemia cells, but Sl/Sld defective stroma do not efficiently promote this transition. PMID- 3500377 TI - [Orbital Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis in adults]. PMID- 3500376 TI - Antiviral agents. AB - Amantadine is well established as the preferred antiviral agent for the prophylaxis of influenza A and may also be beneficial therapeutically when used early in the course of the disease. Idoxuridine is applicable only in the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Currently, acyclovir is the most effective agent for the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. Ribavirin has recently been released for use in aerosol form for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections that occur in infants and young children. Vidarabine, which previously was the drug of choice in the treatment of severe herpetic infections, has now been replaced by the more effective acyclovir. Ganciclovir, an experimental agent, has shown promise against cytomegalovirus infections in patients who have undergone kidney or liver transplantation, but its effects are only temporary in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have cytomegalovirus infections. PMID- 3500378 TI - [Malakoplakia of the colon with intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 3500379 TI - [Determination of serum amylases in parotid diseases]. AB - In 50 patients, the majority of them suffering from parotid diseases, serum isoamylases were determined (salivary S-type and pancreatic P-type). After sialography, there was in most cases a slight increase in isoamylase level. Salivary amylase does not seem to be a suitable marker for parotid neoplasms. PMID- 3500380 TI - [Diagnostic procedure in suspected Sjogren syndrome]. AB - Basing on anamnestic and clinical findings in Sjogren's syndrome, methods of examination of the salivary glands are outlined. The flow rate and composition of the saliva, especially sodium and IgM contents, are important points of diagnosis. Serological methods are described, such as examination of antibodies to nuclear antigens and their subunits SS-A and SS-B. Labial salivary gland biopsy rounds off the diagnostic procedure. Patients with Sjogren's syndrome must be controlled regularly because of the above-average risk of developing non Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 3500381 TI - A study of potential vestibulotoxic effects of once daily versus thrice daily administration of tobramycin. AB - Tobramycin 5.1 mg/kg/day was administered for 9 days to 20 healthy human volunteers to determine the potential vestibulotoxicity of once daily versus thrice daily treatment regimens. Vestibular function was tested carefully before, during, and following drug administration, using a battery of postural and caloric tests. Although subjects receiving the once daily regimen performed better on the postural tests, we feel this does not necessarily indicate an adverse effect in either group. The caloric test was the primary measure of vestibular function in this experiment, and this test appeared to demonstrate a slight adverse effect during drug administration of equal magnitude in both treatment groups. The results of this experiment indicate that there is no significant difference in the risk of adverse vestibular effects between once daily and thrice daily tobramycin administration. PMID- 3500383 TI - Derivation of monoclonal antibody to human epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3500382 TI - [Significance of the oral NBT-PABA test for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. AB - The documentation of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is important for the clinical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. The NBT-PABA test (Bentiromide test) depends on the cleavage peptide NBT-PABA by chymotrypsin and the quantitation of released PABA in serum or urine. The sensitivity of the oral NBT-PABA test is nearly as high as that of the much more demanding secretin-CCK test and the specificity is excellent as well. The NBT-PABA test is a simple and valuable aid for the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 3500384 TI - Design, chemical synthesis, and molecular cloning of a gene for human epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3500385 TI - Purification of human epidermal growth factor by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. PMID- 3500386 TI - Purification of polypeptide growth factors from milk. AB - There appear to be at least three growth factors for mouse BALB/c 3T3 cells in human milk. The purification of the predominant one is described in this chapter. Biochemical and immunological studies indicate that this growth factor is probably a form of human epidermal growth factor (EGF). Like EGF, the major human milk-derived growth factor has a molecular weight of about 6000, a pI of about 4.5, and is resistant to inactivation by dithiothreitol. (See this volume, Harper et al., for purification of human EGF.) In addition, Carpenter has shown that antibodies against human EGF will precipitate most of the growth factor activity for 3T3 cells found in human milk. The EGF-like species of growth factor cannot be detected in bovine milk. Instead, the major growth factor in bovine colostrum appears to be biochemically similar to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Like PDGF, the bovine colostrum-derived growth factor has a molecular weight of about 30,000, a pI of about 10, is totally inactivated by dithiothreitol but is stable to treatments with guanidine-HCl, urea, and heat. Biochemical characterizations of milk-derived growth factors, EGF, and PDGF are summarized in Table III. At present, very little is known about the physiological role of these growth factors in milk. The availability of these growth factors in homogeneous form will facilitate the studies in understanding their possible involvement in the growth process. PMID- 3500387 TI - Derivation and assay of biological effects of monoclonal antibodies to epidermal growth factor receptors. PMID- 3500388 TI - Purification of functionally active epidermal growth factor receptor protein using a competitive antagonist monoclonal antibody and competitive elution with epidermal growth factor. PMID- 3500389 TI - In vitro growth of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 3500391 TI - Antigen-specific T cell cluster formation on antigen-pulsed macrophage monolayers in mice. AB - We describe the quantitative measurement of antigen-specific clusters formed by antigen-pulsed macrophages and immunized T cells in mice. We have found the peripheral blood T cells show very little non-specific adhesion to macrophages in mice. By using this population of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood as the source of immunized T cells, we could quantitate antigen-specific cluster formation. On OVA-pulsed monolayers of peritoneal exudate macrophages from normal BALB/c mice, syngeneic peripheral blood T cells from donors immunized with the same antigen develop 20-40 clusters per 1,000 macrophages, whereas the same T cells on non-pulsed monolayers develop only 0-5 cluster-like accumulations of cells. On antigen-pulsed monolayers of macrophages from allogeneic (C57BL/6 or A/J) mice, clusters are developed only in the negative range (0-5/1,000 macrophages). Considering the observation by Braendstrup et al, these data seem to suggest that histocompatibility between macrophages and T cells is required to develop antigen-specific T cell clusters on antigen-pulsed macrophage monolayers, and that the genetic restriction of immune responsiveness may be directly expressed in this initial form of cellular interaction between antigen-bearing macrophages and specific T cells. PMID- 3500390 TI - Biological activities of lipopolysaccharide-like substance (LLS) extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain Moulton. AB - The biological activities of lipopolysaccharide-like substance (LLS) extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain Moulton by the hot phenol water method were studied in mice. The addition of 12.5 micrograms/ml or more of LLS fraction increased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into in vitro cultured spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice, while the activity of the LLS fraction was about 20 times weaker than that of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pretreatment of murine spleen cells with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte antiserum did not diminish the mitogenic activity of leptospiral LLS, and the LLS could not increase the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into thymocytes, suggesting that LLS acts on a B-lymphocyte population of lymphocytes. When sheep erythrocytes and LLS fraction were injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice, LLS exhibited an enhancing effect on antibody response in vivo. However, lethal toxicity of the LLS fraction was about 500 times lower than that of LPS in C57BL/6 mice loaded with galactosamine. No antitumor activity of leptospiral LLS (250-1,000 micrograms/mouse) against the ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in ddY mice was observed. The biological activities of the LLS fraction from the organism were weaker than those of gram-negative bacterial LPS, suggesting that Leptospira possesses no typical LPS. PMID- 3500392 TI - Blood cultures in hospitalized children. AB - The results of 2439 blood cultures that were taken in an acute children's hospital over a two-year period were reviewed. Three hundred and twenty-two organisms were cultured from 310 patients. One hundred and thirty-five (5.5%) isolates were considered to be pathogenic and 187 (7.7%) isolates were considered to be contaminants. Coagulase-positive staphylococci and enteric Gram-negative organisms were the isolates of which the significance was most difficult to determine. Community-acquired bacteraemia that affected children of less than five years of age was caused by Haemophilus influenzae in 65% of cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogen in older children. In 20% of cases, antimicrobial agents were commenced or changed after blood culture results. Delayed or inappropriate therapy was significantly more common in patients without an apparent focus of infection. The results of our study suggest that narrow spectrum antimicrobial agents can be used as appropriate empiric therapy for unlocalized infections in previously-well children. In children of between three months and five years of age, treatment should be directed against Haem. influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and in children of over five years of age, antistaphylococcal therapy should also be included. PMID- 3500393 TI - [Detection of antibodies to the surface (anti-p-41) and nuclear protein (anti-p 24) of the human immunologic deficiency virus (HIV)]. PMID- 3500394 TI - [Malaria cases from 1981 to 1986 at the Cologne University Clinic]. PMID- 3500395 TI - [Prognosis of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariate analysis of 477 episodes of hemorrhage]. PMID- 3500396 TI - [Prognosis of the degree of exposure of amino acid residues in globular proteins in relation to various problems of protein engineering]. AB - The algorithm was developed to predict the degree of exposure of amino acid residues in globular proteins. This algorithm combined with standard discriminant analysis methods was used for evaluation of the accessibility of Lys and Arg residues for trypsin-like proteases attack. The procedure can be useful for a computer-aided design of prolonged-action protein drug preparations. PMID- 3500397 TI - In vitro splicing pathways of pre-mRNAs containing multiple intervening sequences? AB - We analyzed the in vitro splicing pathways of three multi-intervening-sequence (IVS) pre-mRNAs: human beta-globin, which contains two IVSs (K. M. Lang, V. L. van Santen, and R. A. Spritz, EMBO J. 4:1991-1996, 1985); rat alpha-lactalbumin, which contains three IVSs; and murine interleukin-3, which contains four IVSs. We found that there are highly preferred pathways of IVS removal from these multi IVS pre-mRNAs in vitro. The three IVSs of rat alpha-lactalbumin pre-mRNA were excised sequentially from 5' to 3'; in most molecules, IVS1 was removed first, followed by IVS2 and finally by IVS3. The splicing pathway of interleukin-3 pre mRNA in vitro was more complex. The four IVSs were excised in a highly preferred temporal order, but the order was not strictly sequential or directional. In most molecules, IVS1 and IVS4 were removed first, either simultaneously or in rapid succession. Subsequently, IVS2 was excised, followed by IVS3. The observed splicing pathways apparently resulted from differences in lag times and maximum excision rates of the different IVSs. We detected no exon skipping during splicing of these transcripts in vitro. These observations have implication for proposed models of splice site selection. PMID- 3500398 TI - Phorbol ester enhances human immunodeficiency virus-promoted gene expression and acts on a repeated 10-base-pair functional enhancer element. AB - T-cell activation pathways are involved in the regulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a potent inducer of T-cell immune functions and has recently been demonstrated to increase viral replication in cell lines infected with HIV. To define sequences required for viral induction by PMA. T-cell lines were transiently transfected with viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences directing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene expression. PMA added to transfected cell cultures 24 h before harvest reproducibly increased both CAT mRNA and enzyme expression 2- to 2-fold. Sequences necessary for basal and PMA-induced levels of CAT expression were determined by deletion and enhancer reconstitution constructs with fragments and oligonucleotides from the original LTR-CAT expression plasmid. PMA-inducible and basal activity required tandem repeats of a core enhancer element (GGGACTTTCC) located in the LTR between -105 and -82 relative to the RNA start site. The enhancerlike sequence could be inserted at a site distant to the CAT gene open reading frame and functioned in a position- and orientation-independent manner. The data thus define a transcriptionally active regulatory-enhancer element critical to the control of HIV gene expression. PMID- 3500399 TI - The carbohydrate moieties of suppressor IgG-binding factor released by murine T cells. AB - The carbohydrate moieties of murine IgG-binding factor (IgG-BF) were studied using lectins binding N-glycosylated sequences such as Concanavalin A (Con A), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LcA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and lectins binding O-glycosylated sequences such as peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Helix pomatia Agglutinin (HpA). Sources of IgG-BF were: (1) supernatants from T2D4, a T cell hybridoma constitutively producing IgG-BF, and (2) factor purified by affinity chromatography on rabbit IgG-Sepharose, using T2D4 supernatants or supernatants of alloantigen-activated T cells (ATC) as starting material. The presence of IgG-BF was assessed by its ability to inhibit secondary anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) IgG antibody responses in vitro and to inhibit rosette formation between Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R)-positive spleen cells and erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit anti-Forssman IgG antibodies. Fractionation on immobilized lectins showed that IgG-BF: (1) is completely adsorbed by WGA and PNA and partially by Con A, LcA and HpA, and (2) can be eluted from the five different lectins using the competitor sugars. When produced in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, IgG-BF still binds to HpA which has affinity for O-glycosylated carbohydrate chains. These results indicate that IgG BF is a glycoprotein with N- and O-glycosylated carbohydrate moieties. PMID- 3500400 TI - [Effect of nitrogen oxides and suspended dust in the air on the incidence of inpatient treatment of children with stenosing laryngotracheitis (pseudocroup). Results of an 8-year epidemiologic retrospective study based on inpatient case figures and area-related data of air measurements in the Bochum city district]. AB - Results of a recently published study over a test period of 18 years showed no relationship between croup incidence of hospitalized children and SO2 levels measured in the city of Bochum. In the following study 642 hospitalized children with stenosing laryngotracheitis were examined for a possible time-dependent relationship between croup incidence and NO2, NO- and dust immission levels measured in the city of Bochum (approx. 1000 000 readings). Evaluation of a 6 year period yielded a decrease of croup patients for the lower NO2 concentration range and a statistical increase of croup cases during days with higher NO2 concentrations. However no cause-effect relationship between both variables can be established because other determinants like infections, temperature, weather change influences, in door pollution etc., could not be excluded. Evaluation of NO levels over 3 years and dust levels over a test period of 1 year showed no statistical relationship with corresponding croup incidence. PMID- 3500401 TI - Diagnosis of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. PMID- 3500402 TI - Cyclosporine and oncogenesis. PMID- 3500403 TI - An unexplained peak of pregnancy-associated thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3500404 TI - Perforation of the esophagus: experience at Bronx VA Hospital 1969-1984. PMID- 3500405 TI - Medical cost containment: a daily patient log sheet to reduce unnecessary hospitalization. PMID- 3500406 TI - Diltiazem-associated immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3500407 TI - Mirror-image intracerebral hemorrhages in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 3500408 TI - Regulation of photorepair in growing and arrested frog cells in response to ultraviolet light. AB - The constitutive and inducible levels of enzymatic photorepair (EPR) in growing and arrested ICR 2A frog cells were studied using clonogenic assays. Both arrested and growing cells exhibited an equal level of constitutive EPR following ultraviolet irradiation. However, only arrested, but not growing, cells treated with a low fluence of UV (90% survival) developed an enhanced EPR. The induced process developed transiently with a peak 3 days after pre-irradiation, and was totally blocked by a nontoxic concentration of cycloheximide. In addition, the induced EPR is unique to low fluences of UV. PMID- 3500409 TI - Survival with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Experience with 5833 cases in New York City. AB - In a cohort of 5833 subjects in whom the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in New York City before 1986, the cumulative probability of survival (mean +/- SE) was 48.8 +/- 0.7 percent at one year and 15.2 +/- 1.8 percent at five years. The group with the most favorable survival rate--white homosexual men 30 to 34 years old who presented with Kaposi's sarcoma only--had a one-year cumulative probability of survival of 80.5 percent; that group was used as the reference group in assessing the effect of five variables: sex, race or ethnic background, age, probable route of acquiring AIDS (risk group), and manifestations of AIDS at diagnosis. The range in the mortality rate was greater than threefold, depending on these variables. Black women who acquired the disease through intravenous drug abuse, for example, had a particularly poor prognosis. The manifestations of disease at diagnosis had the most influence on survival, accounting on average for 56.3 percent of the excess risk. This variable was followed in importance by age (12.2 percent), race or ethnicity (10.6 percent), risk group (8.4 percent), and sex (8.0 percent), with 4.5 percent of the risk attributable to interactions between variables. When we compared subcohorts based on the year of diagnosis (1981 through 1985), we found a significant improvement in the one-year cumulative probability of survival among subjects with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but not among subjects without P. carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3500410 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 3500411 TI - On diaphragm pacing. PMID- 3500412 TI - Normalization of antibody responsiveness in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and HIV infection. PMID- 3500413 TI - Scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron imaging to identify Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 3500414 TI - Effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - The myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and refractory cytopenias. In an attempt to improve hematopoiesis, we administered recombinant human granulocyte--macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to eight patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, as part of a Phase I trial. The GM CSF was given by continuous intravenous infusion daily for two weeks and then again after a two-week rest period. Over the entire dose range tested (30 to 500 micrograms per square meter of body-surface area), treatment was associated with marked increases in peripheral-blood leukocytes (5- to 70-fold), including granulocytes (5- to 373-fold), in all eight patients. The absolute number of monocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes increased in all patients. Three of eight patients also had 2- to 10-fold increases in platelet counts and improvement in erythropoiesis, with the result that two of three patients who had required red cell and platelet transfusions no longer needed them (at 20 to 27 weeks of follow up). Treatment was also associated with increased marrow cellularity and a decreased percentage of blasts in the bone marrow of patients with excess blasts, resulting in an increase in the ratio of differentiated myeloid cells to immature myeloid cells. We observed relatively few side effects, but bone pain was dose limiting when it was associated with high white-cell counts. Our results showed that GM-CSF is a potent stimulator of hematopoiesis in vivo and may produce hematologic improvement in the short term (8 to 32 weeks of observation) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. More experience, with longer follow-up periods, will be necessary to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this new treatment. PMID- 3500415 TI - Contributions to a quest. PMID- 3500416 TI - Peptide sequences of T-cell receptor delta and gamma chains are identical to predicted X and gamma proteins. AB - Although most mature peripheral T lymphocytes express a major histocompatibility complex restricted, CD3-associated, antigen receptor (TCR) which has been well characterized, some T cells carry a different CD3-associated heterodimer on their surface. One of the two disulphide-linked chains of this putative second receptor, which in mice has relative molecular mass (Mr) 35,000 (35K), has been identified as a product of the group of gamma genes. The other chain, termed delta (Mr 45K in mice), is not as well characterized. Although gamma/delta bearing cells are a minor subset among peripheral T lymphocytes, they are the only CD3+ cells in the thymus early in ontogeny. Taking advantage of these kinetics, we have generated gamma/delta-bearing hybridomas, using a new TCR alpha chain-negative variant of the AKR thymoma BW5147 as tumour parent, fetal thymocytes as normal cell partners, and an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as screening reagent. Gamma and delta chains from one of these hybrids have been purified and partially sequenced. The sequences obtained indicate that delta is indeed identical to the polypeptide encoded by the recently described gene X, as suggested by Chien et al. PMID- 3500417 TI - Delta is the Cx-gene product in the gamma/delta antigen receptor of dendritic epidermal cells. AB - Most T cells bear an antigen receptor that is a protein of a disulphide-linked heterodimer composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain associated with the non polymorphic CD3 (T3) complex. A small subpopulation of thymic and peripheral T cells, as well as Thy-1+dendritic epidermal cells (dEC), express an alternative CD3-associated dimeric receptor composed of the product of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) gamma gene and a fourth chain, designated delta. Recently a new murine TCR constant-region gene, designated Cx, has been cloned and proposed as a candidate for the C delta gene. We have previously demonstrated that murine Thy 1+ dEC cell lines express a CD3-associated disulphide-linked heterodimer composed of a relative molecular mass Mr 41,000 (41K) gamma chain and a 50K delta chain. We have further analysed the receptor of one of these cloned dEC lines, 7-17.1, by endoglycosidase treatment of the isolated gamma and delta chains. The gamma chain was found to contain two N-linked oligosaccharide residues, consistent with the expression of a chain encoded by the V gamma 3 and C gamma 1 gene segments. The delta chain contains at least three N-linked oligosaccharides and has a core size of 38K. Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of abundant Cx messenger RNA in 7-17.1 cells. Immunoprecipitation with two antisera to peptides comprising distinct regions of the Cx sequence indicates that the delta chain is encoded by the Cx gene. PMID- 3500418 TI - Specificity of peptide presentation by a set of hybrid mouse class I MHC molecules. AB - The class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2 in mouse, HLA in man) are membrane proteins composed of a polymorphic heavy chain associated with beta-2-microglobulin. Recent studies suggest that class I molecules present peptides derived from processed antigens to the receptor of cytolytic T cells. In particular, in the H-2d haplotype, synthetic HLA peptides can be recognized on Kd bearing target cells by Kd-restricted cytolytic T cells specific for HLA. Here we analyse the specificity of presentation of two HLA peptides by a set of chimaeric Kd/Dd molecules to four different cytolytic T-cell clones. We identify two distinct regions within the second external (alpha 2) domain of Kd that contribute to its specificity as a restriction element. Our results indicate that the binding of an immunogenic peptide by a class I molecule is not always sufficient for its recognition by the T-cell antigen receptor. This suggests that the major histocompatibility complex restriction element either interacts with the T-cell antigen receptor or induces the recognized conformation of the peptide. PMID- 3500419 TI - [Treatment of severe therapy-resistant angina pectoris using epidural spinal electric stimulation]. PMID- 3500420 TI - [Cancer in a patient with immunodeficiency]. PMID- 3500422 TI - [A young man with acute toxoplasmosis encephalitis]. PMID- 3500423 TI - [Vasculitis: a spectrum of divergent diseases with a common pathogenesis]. PMID- 3500421 TI - [HLA-B27-related diseases and their pathogenesis]. PMID- 3500424 TI - Electrical needle therapy of uremic pruritus. AB - Six patients with intractable uremic pruritus were treated with a modified acupuncture technique, the electrical needle stimulation (ENS). Results were followed with a pruritic score scale based on severity, frequency and distribution of itching, together with sleeping hours and waking up at night. The results were encouraging: pruritus was drastically improved during or after ENS in several patients. A control treatment with superficial electrical stimulation was ineffective. PMID- 3500425 TI - Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow related to memorizing of high and low imagery words--an emission computer tomography study. AB - Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow were investigated in healthy volunteers who were either resting or memorizing meaningless words, abstract nouns, or concrete nouns, the latter being given either with or without an instruction to use visual imagery. Relative regional count rates were subjected to smallest space analysis (SAA) to study the structure of covariations. Memorizing of concrete nouns gave rise to the formation of a continuous correlational subspace which comprised inferior temporal and occipital regions. When concrete nouns were memorized without an imagery instruction the mean hemispheric count rate was higher on the right side, whereas the intentional use of imagery gave rise to a left preponderance. Analysis of correlational structures, however, suggests that in both cases the left hemisphere was predominantly engaged in task solution, and that the difference in hemispheric asymmetries is to be attributed to different modes of interhemispheric collaboration. PMID- 3500426 TI - Haemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in patients after reversible ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke assessed with positron emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume (CBV) and oxygen metabolic rate (CMRO2) were evaluated and compared among normals, patients with recent reversible ischaemic attacks (RIAs) and patients with chronic minor infarction using positron emission tomography. Average CBF together with CMRO2 significantly decreased in the infarction group in the middle cerebral artery territory of the affected hemisphere while the mean values for RIAs were intermediate between the other two groups. CBV also reduced, however it was more preserved compared to flow as seen in decreased CBF/CBV values. Significant interhemispheric difference was found in CBF/CBV ratio, but it did not clearly correlate with OEF changes. Higher OEF was noted only in the restricted brain regions of RIAs where CBF showed large hemispheric asymmetry. However, in other regions, the coupled decline of blood flow and metabolism was found which suggests tissue damage or neuronal cell loss in the brain with previous RIA symptoms. PMID- 3500427 TI - Distribution and calcium-sequestering ability of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in olfactory axon terminals of frog brain. AB - In the present study, the structural and functional role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum was investigated in bullfrog olfactory axon terminals. Structural evidence obtained from this study indicated that this vesiculotubular organelle becomes a more elaborate network of anastomosing tubules near the nerve terminal, located in the olfactory lobe of frog brain. Further structural evidence suggested that membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum pinch off to give rise to some electron-lucent vesicles of approximately 50 nm diameter (microvesicles). Ultrastructural cytochemistry was employed in the present study to demonstrate that olfactory axon terminal smooth endoplasmic reticulum actively sequesters Ca2+. However, a variable amount of electron-dense product (calcium oxalate) was associated with microvesicles located at a distance from the synapse, in contrast to those clustered near the synapse which usually did not contain this reaction product. Results from Ca2+-Mg2+-adenosine-5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) cytochemistry showed a similar pattern of distribution, with smooth endoplasmic reticulum being densely labeled with ATPase reaction product (lead phosphate), but aggregated microvesicles in the nerve terminal generally lacking this electron-dense product. Therefore, it is concluded that olfactory axonal smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in the regulation of intraneuronal Ca2+ levels, and that the Ca2+-sequestering activity of this membranous organelle is dependent upon enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP. Conversely, the microvesicles, particularly those accumulated near the synapse, lack this Ca2+-pumping capacity. Thus, if some of the microvesicles originate from smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes which are capable of pumping Ca2+, but these vesicles themselves lack this capacity, one can postulate that the Ca2+ pumps are either removed from the newly formed microvesicle membranes or are somehow incapacitated in situ in the membrane. PMID- 3500428 TI - [Clinicopathogenetic correlations of copper and zinc and atherosclerotic myocardiopathy]. PMID- 3500429 TI - Spontaneous intra-abdominal bleeding. PMID- 3500431 TI - Cerebral blood flow. PMID- 3500430 TI - [Miocamycin in the prevention and treatment of cutaneous infections in the emergency service]. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of a new macrolide, Myocamycine, were assessed in the anti-infectious prophylaxis of lacerations and contusions and in the treatment of already infected wounds or phlegmons. A total of 175 patients were treated. Side effects induced the suspension of treatment in 8% of cases while the drug proved effective in preventing the infection of wounds at risk in 98% and curing existing infections in 100%. PMID- 3500432 TI - HM-PAO brain SPECT and epilepsy. PMID- 3500433 TI - Cerebral blood flow measured by xenon-133. PMID- 3500434 TI - Serial studies of cerebral blood flow using 99Tcm-HMPAO: a comparison with 133Xe. AB - We have compared the regional distribution of 99Tcm-HMPAO with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). CBF was measured by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) using a TOMOMATIC 64 after 133Xe inhalation in 41 patients. With the same SPECT device the distribution of 99Tcm-HMPAO was measured after i.v. injection. High resolution (HR) and low resolution (LR) studies were performed yielding a resolution of 6 to 10 mm (HR) and 15 to 20 (LR). 99Tcm-HMPAO images showed close resemblance to xenon-133 CBF tomograms. Only about 20% of the (decay corrected) brain counts were lost during the first 24 h post injection. A slight decrease in contrast was measured comparing side-to-side asymmetry ratios from the serial studies. This loss of contrast is mainly due to back-diffusion and clearance of a part of the 99Tcm-HMPAO complex from the brain. It could be corrected for by a linearization algorithm. The slight loss of contrast will not be of any importance for the clinical use of this tracer complex. PMID- 3500435 TI - HM-PAO in clinical practice. PMID- 3500436 TI - High resolution images of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). PMID- 3500437 TI - Amines for brain tomoscintigraphy. AB - Amines like N-isopropyl-p-123I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and hydroxy 123I-iodobenzyl propyl diamine (HIPDM) associated with brain tomoscintigraphy have proved their worth for detecting ischaemic abnormalities. Even though the chemistry of their metabolism and their biodistribution are not fully understood, their application in the study of parenchymal impairment in stroke and reversible ischaemia yields additional information compared to the other methods of imaging like CT or MRI. The concept of a steady state in brain with a wash in/wash out model has been considered especially with IMP, to explain the evolution of the activity pattern with time when comparing early and delayed images. (This review leads to foresee the prognosis of of ischaemic diseases when redistribution is taken into account.) PMID- 3500438 TI - Temporal evolution of brain distribution of IMP and HIPDM. Concise communication. AB - Early and late brain distribution of iodine-labelled N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2 hydroxy-3-methyl-5-iodobenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine (HIPDM) and iodine labelled N isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) were compared in rat and one human patient with a recent stroke in the right middle cerebral artery area. In rat, an important 'redistribution' of cerebral activity was observed in various areas of the brain, mainly white matter, whereas no such observation was made with HIPDM. In the patient, the right area was hypoactive during the early SPECT with IMP and HIPDM, and redistribution was observed in the late SPECT only with IMP. We suggest that while HIPDM appears to reflect regional cerebral perfusion, IMP distribution is dependent upon metabolic brain activity. PMID- 3500439 TI - Effect of vegetarian diet on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations during lactation. AB - The effect of maternal diet on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has not been determined in human lactation. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, other calcitropic hormones, osteocalcin, and minerals were examined in lactating and nonlactating women consuming a vegetarian or nonvegetarian diet. The vegetarian diet was a macrobiotic diet consisting primarily of whole cereal grains and vegetables; dairy products, eggs, and meats were generally avoided. We tested the thesis that the effect of lactation on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is more pronounced in women on vegetarian diets than in those on nonvegetarian diets. Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significantly higher in lactating women compared with nonlactating women and in vegetarian compared with nonvegetarian women. Among vegetarian women, mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 37% higher in the lactating group. For all subjects, serum parathyroid hormone was elevated during lactation compared with nonlactation. Thus, a vegetarian diet appears to be associated with increased serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D during lactation. PMID- 3500440 TI - Aortocoronary bypass in patients under age 65: experience in 605 cases. PMID- 3500441 TI - 5-Fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid as salvage treatment of advanced breast cancer: an update. AB - We report an update of our results of a trial of high-dose folinic acid (HDFA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in advanced breast cancer. Thirty-eight patients with advanced and mainly refractory breast cancer were treated with the following regimen: HDFA (200 mg/m2/day) and 5-FU (340, 370, 400 mg/m2/day) given immediately afterwards, for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Of 36 evaluable patients, 3 achieved complete remission (8%) and 13 partial remission (36%) for an overall response rate of 44%, while 11 patients (30%) had stable disease. Thirteen out of sixteen responders (85%) were pretreated with some 5-FU containing regimens. The median duration of response was 9.6+ months, the median survival for responders and for patients with stable or progressive disease was 19.9+, 18.8+ and 9 months, respectively. The overall toxicity was acceptable: while hematological toxicity was very mild, oral mucositis, diarrhea and conjunctivitis were major side effects. These results seem very promising and deserve further evaluation. PMID- 3500442 TI - Clinicopathologic study of eyes obtained postmortem from a patient 6 and 2 years after operative choroidal hemorrhage. AB - We present the clinicopathologic features of a patient who developed bilateral choroidal hemorrhage during cataract surgery and who regained 20/30+ vision in each eye. Consequences related to the operative procedure and choroidal hemorrhage included iris and vitreous incarceration with inferior peripheral tractional retinoschisis, retained lens cortex, and an anterior capsule fragment lodged in the anterior chamber angle. A recent choroidal hemorrhage associated with a thrombosed vortex vein was observed in one eye. The favorable outcome was likely due both to preplaced sutures that allowed immediate tamponade of the hemorrhage and to the additional possible tamponading effect of an intact posterior capsule in the left eye. The possible role of venous stasis leading to vortex vein thrombosis as a cause of recent choroidal hemorrhage is discussed. PMID- 3500443 TI - The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. VII. Diabetic nonproliferative retinal lesions. AB - The prevalences of hard exudates, soft exudates, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs), and venous beading and their relationships to demographic and other characteristics were examined in a population-based study in southern Wisconsin. For participants whose age at diagnosis was less than 30 years and who were taking insulin (N = 996), hard exudates were found in 24.2%, soft exudates in 15.3%, IRMAs in 16.5%, and venous beading in 7.0% of the population. For participants whose age at diagnosis was 30 years or older and who were taking insulin (N = 674), hard exudates were found in 28.3%, soft exudates in 15.5%, IRMAs in 8.8%, and venous beading in 3.2%. For older-onset persons not taking insulin (N = 696), hard exudates were found in 9.4%, soft exudates in 5.4%, IRMAs in 2.6%, and venous beading in 0.9% of the population. The severities of the lesions were found to be consistently associated with longer duration of diabetes in younger-onset persons and the presence of proteinuria in older-onset persons. PMID- 3500444 TI - Variable expressivity in fundus albipunctatus. AB - A healthy, 14-year-old girl presented with nyctalopia, good vision, and multiple, irregular, yellowish lesions of the fundus. Dark adaptometry showed prolonged cone and rod branches, elevated thresholds, and the cone-rod transition occurring after 50 minutes in darkness. Her scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave attained normal amplitudes after 45 minutes of dark adaptation. The half-time for regeneration of rhodopsin after an extensive bleach was 16 minutes, four times longer than normal, and the maximum density difference measured by fundus reflectometry was at the lower limit of the normal range. Although photopigment kinetics were significantly faster than observed in other reported cases of fundus albipunctatus, it appears likely that there is a wide spectrum of functional and funduscopic abnormalities in this disorder. However, fundus appearance, adaptometric findings, and rhodopsin determinations serve to distinguish fundus albipunctatus from other flecked retina diseases. PMID- 3500445 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. VIII. Clinical features and pathogenesis of post-hemorrhagic amaurosis. AB - Visual disturbance after marked and/or recurrent blood loss has been known for at least 25 centuries, since Hippocrates; however, so far its clinical features have been controversial and its pathogenesis enigmatic. The author studied seven patients, four of whom were seen soon after the visual loss and followed prospectively. A detailed review of the extensive literature and analysis of the cases provide relevant information on the subject. The blood loss is usually from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, less often from other sites. There is typically a time lag between the bleeding and the onset of visual loss--usually up to 10 days, less often even 2 to 3 weeks. The ocular findings are typically those of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and are usually bilateral. Considerable evidence has accumulated that blood loss, with or without arterial hypotension, causes increase in release of renin and endogenous vasoconstrictor agents (e.g., angiotensin, epinephrine, and vasopressin) because of activation of the sympathoadrenergic system and vasomotor center. Our experimental studies on renovascular malignant hypertension indicate that endogenous vasoconstrictor agents produce choroidal ischemia and AION. In view of all the evidence, it is postulated that in the production of AION after blood loss, release of endogenous vasoconstrictor agents is probably a very important factor, with arterial hypotension an additional factor; increased platelet aggregation may also play a role. PMID- 3500446 TI - An averaging method for the interpretation of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test -I. Congenital colour vision defects. AB - A method is described for identifying polarity in Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test data. The method is facilitated by the use of a micro-computer and involves the plotting of "averaged" scores for each cap of the test. Results are presented for 30 protanopes, 30 deuteranopes, 1 tritanope and 2 typical rod monochromats. Analysis of the results shows that the proposed technique is compatible with standard methods of interpreting 100-Hue plots and is suitable to use when error scores are high and when polarity is difficult to interpret. PMID- 3500447 TI - An averaging method for the interpretation of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test -II. Colour vision defects acquired in diabetic retinopathy. AB - The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test is frequently used to assess acquired colour vision defects. In diabetic retinopathy the acquired defect is a mild or severe type III (Tritan) defect which may be coupled with poor overall hue discrimination. In consequence, error scores are often high and the 100-Hue polar diagram is difficult to interpret. In this study the averaging method of analysis proposed by Dain and Birch is used to examine 120 100-Hue plots obtained by patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. These plots have either moderate (150-300) or high error scores (greater than 300). The method of analysis is found to be effective in determining whether a Tritan defect is present or not. PMID- 3500448 TI - Adoptive transfer of enhanced eosinophilia and resistance to infection in mice by an in vitro generated T-cell line specific for Mesocestoides corti larval antigen. AB - A T-cell line specific for tetrathyridial antigens of the cestode parasite Mesocestoides corti was generated in vitro. The T-cells expressed the L3T4+ Ly2- phenotype and secreted the lymphokines: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL 2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), colony stimulating factor (CSF), mast cell growth factor (MCGF) and eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF) in response to antigen stimulation. The line was stable for up to 16 weeks and produced an enhanced peripheral eosinophil response and a reduced parasite burden (40-50%) when adoptively transferred into naive recipients undergoing a primary infection. PMID- 3500449 TI - Ampicillin-chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae: plasmid-mediated resistance in bacterial meningitis. AB - A 4-month-old infant with congenital heart disease and sepsis and arthritis, and subsequently meningitis, caused by an antibiotic-resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b, failed to respond to sequential therapy with ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Following treatment with ceftizoxime, the infant was well for 42 days, until he returned to the hospital and died. A total of 10 Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates, all outer membrane protein subtype 51, was isolated from the pretreatment blood and synovium, cerebrospinal fluid and subdural fluids, and the petrous pyramids at autopsy. Pretreatment isolates had no detectable plasmid DNA, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or beta-lactamase; the minimal inhibitory concentration for ampicillin (AM) and chloramphenicol (CM) was 0.2 and 0.8 microgram/ml, respectively. However, all cerebrospinal fluid isolates had a 42-44 mD plasmid and produced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-lactamase; the minimal inhibitory concentration of these isolates to AM and CM were 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively, and were also resistant to tetracycline and sulfonamide. Resistance to AM and CM was cotransferred by filter mating conjugation at a frequency of one to two transconjugants per 10(5) to an Rd haemophilus recipient. Posttreatment isolates from the petrous pyramids also were resistant to AM and CM and produced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-lactamase activity, but had no plasmid DNA. These findings and data from genetic studies suggested that plasmid-bearing antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b was selected from a heterogenous population, and that the AM/CM resistance transposons were incorporated into the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 3500450 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like transforming growth factor (TGF) activity and EGF receptors in ovine fetal tissues: possible role for TGF in ovine fetal development. AB - To determine whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) or EGF-like transforming growth factors (TGFs) are present in ovine fetal tissues, we have tested acid ethanol extracts of ovine fetal kidney for the ability to induce anchorage independent growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts in soft agar and to compete with 125I-mouse EGF for binding to receptors in sheep liver. The fetal kidney extract (20-1000 micrograms protein/ml) stimulated a dose-dependent increase in the number of soft agar colonies of normal rat kidney cells. Approximately 70% of these colonies measured greater than or equal to 3100 microM2. The fetal kidney extract was dissolved in 1 M acetic acid and chromatographed on Bio-Gel P 10. Two peaks of TGF-like activity, with approximate MW 14.5K (peak 1) and 9K (peak 2), eluted from the column. Half-maximal effects of pooled peaks 1 and 2 on colony formation were achieved using 100 and 20 micrograms protein/ml, respectively. Peaks 1 and 2 also competed with 125I-mouse EGF for binding to EGF receptors in ovine fetal liver but had no activity in a homologous mouse EGF radioimmunoassay sensitive to 15 pg mouse EGF. Neither TGF activity nor EGF receptor binding activity was detected in Bio-Gel fractions co-eluting with 125I-mouse EGF. Specific 125I-EGF binding sites in fetal liver were detected as early as midgestation, and the number of EGF binding sites increased markedly in late gestation, exceeding the number of EGF binding sites in the livers of pregnant ewes. These findings demonstrate the presence of TGF-like activity in ovine fetal kidney and high affinity EGF receptors in ovine fetal liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500451 TI - [Approval of the tabular method of predicting the recurrence of rheumatism in children]. PMID- 3500452 TI - [Therapeutic effect of diucifon in children with infectious-allergic and mixed forms of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3500453 TI - Twenty-four hour leukocyte adherence inhibition test in thyroid cancer patients. AB - The effect of TG cell depletion taking place during 24 hour incubation on the leukocyte adherence inhibition phenomenon was investigated in patients suffering from cancer of the thyroid and healthy volunteers. The depletion coincided with the increase of the adherence inhibition if PPD was used as antigen in both groups, but the reaction to the tumour associated antigen could not be brought into relation with the depletion of TG cells. PMID- 3500454 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. AB - Various lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood of 65 patients with aleukaemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma were studied. The clinically active state and remission in both low and high grade malignancy groups were compared. An elevated lymphocyte count was found in the blood of aleukaemic patients, too. Lymphocytosis in low grade malignancies in the clinically active states was found to be higher than in the corresponding group of the high grade cases. The data showed that the most important factor in the increase of total blood lymphocyte count is the increase in the amount of B-lymphocytes. The TA/TT ratio was significantly reduced in all subgroups. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was normal in all cases. PMID- 3500455 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulins in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). AB - Data gained from observations of the humoral and cellular immunity of 22 patients with ITP (11 in remission and 11 splenectomised) are presented. The amount of T lymphocytes according to E-rosetting decreased significantly. In tests performed with monoclonal sera the amount of OKT-4 cells was significantly lower then normal, and the ratio of OKT-4/OKT-8 was also reduced. The C-4 complement fraction showed a significant reduction, and a rise was observed in the three Ig classes. No differences could be found, however, between patients in remission and in relapse, and between the splenectomised cases, those treated with prednisolone, and those who had no such treatment. Apart from the primary role of antiplatelet antibodies that cause thrombopenia, a complex disturbance in immune regulation also occurred in ITP, and this manifested with changes in the T lymphocyte subpopulations. Its pathological progress still remains to be justified, but the plasma of healthy individuals and gammaglobulin have a favorable effect by blocking their receptors and they result in the cessation of the symptom and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 3500456 TI - Characterization of the ionic mechanism responsible for the hyperpolarization activated current in frog sinus venosus. AB - Voltage clamp experiments were carried out on the sinus venosus of the frog by means of the double mannitol gap technique. The ionic mechanism underlying the slowly hyperpolarization-activated inward current was investigated by changing the concentration and species of alkali cations and divalent cations in the bathing solution. Adding Rb or Cs in concentration of 10-20 mM to the control solution led to a dose-dependent increase in the inward current, as does elevating the external concentration of K from 2.5 to 25 mM. After the inward current had been nearly suppressed by completely substituting Tris for Na in the external medium, it was partially restored after a subsequent addition of K, Rb or Cs to the Na-free medium. Various alkaline earths or transition metals added to the bathing solution markedly depressed the magnitude of the inward current. This inhibitory effect varied with concentration and nature of divalent cations added. It also depended on the concentration and species of alkali cations present in the external solution. From these observations it was proposed that the conductance responsible for the inward rectification in frog sinus venosus does not discriminate among monovalent cations. The results support the existence of a weak-field-strength site located in the permeation pathway. Divalent cation may exert their inhibitory effect by competing with permeant ions for this site. PMID- 3500457 TI - A novel holder allowing internal perfusion of patch-clamp pipettes. AB - We describe a simple pipette holder which allows, within a single experiment, multiple exchanges of the solution inside "gigaseal" glass pipettes commonly used for electrical studies of single cells or isolated membrane patches. The design minimizes electrostatic and mechanical perturbations associated with perfusion by integrating into the holder a reservoir which is connected to a perfusion pipette fabricated from flexible, resilient quartz tubing. The tip of the perfusion pipette can be pulled to any diameter and positioned precisely within the main patch-pipette by sliding the reservoir along a guide in the holder. An open reservoir for suction driven solution exchange, and a closed reservoir for pressure driven solution exchange were developed. For the open system, the speed of solution exchange was studied as a function of the tip diameter of the perfusion pipette (approximately 22 s for a 40 micron tip diameter). Both systems were characterized using atrial myocytes (a) by examining the effects of intracellular applications of cAMP or of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A on calcium currents in the whole cell recording mode and (b) by studying the effects of local applications of acetylcholine (ACh) on single channel currents in the isolated membrane patch mode. PMID- 3500458 TI - MgADP- increases maximum tension and Ca2+ sensitivity in skinned rabbit soleus fibers. AB - Increasing concentrations of MgADP- or MgCDP- in the millimolar range cause an increase in the maximum Ca2+ -activated tension that a skinned rabbit soleus muscle fiber can develop in the presence of 2 mM MgATP2- or MgCTP2- respectively. In contrast, the maximal Ca2+ -activated ATPase activity of the fiber decreases in the presence of MgADP-. As the nucleoside diphosphate (MgADP- or MgCDP-) concentration is increased, the Ca2+ concentration required for half-maximal activation of tension is reduced. MgADP- has a similar effect on the Ca2+ concentration required to half-maximally activate the fiber ATPase. The effects on tension are due to magnesium nucleoside diphosphate and not some other form of nucleoside diphosphate since the effects occur at both low (pMg 4) and control (pMg 3) Mg2+ concentrations. Cooperativity, as judged by the Hill "n" value relating isometric tension and Ca2+, is less in the presence of 5 mM MgADP- as compared to a control (no added MgADP-) "n" value. Increasing concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the millimolar range decrease maximum Ca2+ -activated tension, and increase the concentration of Ca2+ required to half-maximally activate tension, effects opposite to those of MgADP. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that cooperative interactions between actin and myosin can affect the affinity of troponin for Ca2+. PMID- 3500459 TI - D600 prolongs inactivation of the contractile system in frog twitch fibres. AB - (1) Single twitch fibres were dissected from tibialis muscles of Rana temporaria and used to study the effect of D600 (gallopamil) on potassium-induced contractures. (2) 95 mM K-Ringer's was applied for 8-15 s at intervals of generally 2.5-5 min; at temperatures of 6-8 degrees C and in the absence of D600 the amplitude of the contractures remained fairly constant. After pretreatment with D600 (30 microM) a single (conditioning) K-contracture was sufficient to 'paralyze' the fibres (cf. Eisenberg et al. 1983). (3) Complete paralysis could also be achieved at 18-20 degrees C. In three fibres a single conditioning K application was sufficient; in two more fibres two or three conditioning K applications were required. (4) D600-paralysis could not only be achieved with high K-concentrations but also by conditioning with sub- or suprathreshold K concentrations (20-40 mM); the duration of the conditioning periods required to induce complete paralysis was approximately the same before and after D600 treatment. (5) Contractures were partially abolished by application of 20-40 mM K Ringer's for short conditioning periods; after D600-treatment the degree of contracture loss was similar. (6) At low temperature the state of partial or complete paralysis induced by subthreshold K-concentrations and D600 was maintained for long periods of time. (7) The presence of 10 mM Ca2+ did not protect the fibres from being paralyzed by treatment with D600 and high K Ringer's at low temperature; however, more than one conditioning K-application was required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500461 TI - Quality assurance in public health. PMID- 3500460 TI - Tension activation and relaxation in frog atrial fibres. Evidence for direct effects of divalent cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) on contractile proteins and Na-Ca exchange. AB - The effect of alkali-earth cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) on the excitation contraction coupling events of the frog atrial fibres were studied using a double mannitol gap voltage clamp technique coupled with a mechano-electric transducer. Photoremoval of the suppressive effect of nifedipine on the calcium channels allowed to obtain rapid transient Ca2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+ ions current jumps. The effect on the amplitude of the associated contraction was proportional to the current jumps. These results together with the correlation established between the estimated increase in the internal concentration of divalent cations and the amplitude of the phasic tension suggest that the essential source of divalent cations for activation of contraction is the extracellular space. Also Ba2+ ions reduced the tonic tension and strongly slowed the relaxation of the phasic component whereas Sr2+ exhibited smaller effects. Sr2+ ions could be more efficient than Ba2+ ions in substituting for Ca2+ ions in the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism known to regulate these two mechanical events. The conclusions are that the order of effectiveness of these ions (Ca2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ba2+) is the same with regard to transarcolemmal exchange for Na+ ions, presumed uptake by a "second relaxing system", activation of contraction, and inactivation of the slow inward current. PMID- 3500462 TI - Implementing the Omaha classification system in a public health agency. AB - Systemized nursing diagnosis based on standardized, coded terminology is in the early stages of evolution. The Waukesha Health Department has been a part of that evolutionary process. Introduction of the concept of nursing diagnosis led to the conclusion that for this agency a more systematic, community tested taxonomy was needed. The OCS was the system selected. The progress of the two systems, NANDA and OCS, appears to be evolving in parallel. No doubt, in the future one system will emerge as best for all fields of nursing. Meanwhile, the use of the OCS in practice settings serves the evolutionary process well by providing a foundation of trial and experience. PMID- 3500463 TI - Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets in the follow-up of psoriasis patients under PUVA therapy. AB - Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were analyzed before and after treatment in 22 patients with psoriasis. All patients had PUVA therapy for at least 1 month. Eight of them were assessed after 1 and 2 months of therapy. Abnormal partitions of T-cell subsets were observed in 10 patients before treatment. Positive dermatological results were concomitant with a significant decrease of the CD8 subset. Variations of the Leu7+ subset were observed as well. These data support current theories on the effect of UV light on the immune system and provide a possible useful way to monitor psoriatic patients receiving PUVA therapy. PMID- 3500464 TI - [Biochemical indicators of a genetically determined predisposition to neoplasms]. PMID- 3500465 TI - [T lymphocyte subpopulations OKT-4 and OKT-8 in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3500466 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting as a huge intracavitary cardiac tumor causing heart failure. AB - A huge intracavitary cardiac tumor causing heart failure in a 13-year-old girl was detected by two-dimensional echocardiography and was successfully resected to relieve her life-threatening symptoms. On pathologic examination, the tumor was found to be a nonconvoluted lymphoblastic lymphoma of B-cell lineage rather than a myxoma. This case is reported because of its rarity and unusual mode of growth and presentation, and illustrates that lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of pedunculated cardiac tumors, especially in young individuals. The precise cytologic diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is important because chemotherapy and radiotherapy may achieve palliation or control of the disease. PMID- 3500468 TI - Second generation of targeted drugs. PMID- 3500467 TI - Gastrointestinal angiomas. Source of recurrent bleeding. AB - Angiomas are mucosal and/or submucosal lesions that cannot be visualized on routine barium x-ray films. Endoscopy can establish the diagnosis in lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and colonoscopy and arteriography are used for examination of the colon. Various endoscopic coagulation devices are available to stop the bleeding and treat the angioma. Our experience indicates that the patient, rather than the type of endoscopic treatment, often dictates outcome. Patients with abnormal bleeding times, chronic renal failure, or severe heart disease often have poorer palliation results, higher complication rates, and faster recurrence rates. Even patients without these poor prognostic factors tend to have recurrences of angiomas and bleeding. PMID- 3500469 TI - Racial difference in hemoglobin concentration of young adults. AB - Hemoglobin concentration was measured in 1,001 young adults (34% black, 66% white), ages 17 to 24 years, in a community survey. Hemoglobin levels were 0.9 g/dl lower in blacks than in whites (P less than 0.001) and 2.0 g/dl lower in females than in males (P less than 0.001). Black females had the highest prevalence of anemia (16%) and the lowest prevalence of polycythemia 3%), while white females had the lowest prevalence of anemia (1%) and highest prevalence of polycythemia (9%). Mean hemoglobin levels in females did not increase after approximately age 12 1/2 years, while those in males continued to increase until age 17 years. Regular cigarette smoking was a potent risk factor for polycythemia in white males. Number of cigarettes smoked per week and number of years as a regular smoker increased hemoglobin concentration. New criteria, based on population distribution of hemoglobin levels, may be needed for defining anemia and polycythemia in black populations and cigarette smokers. PMID- 3500470 TI - Mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor autophosphorylation and high affinity binding. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor monomers and noncovalently associated dimers were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and their respective binding and autophosphorylation activities were determined. We find that monomers are low-affinity receptors and dimers are high-affinity receptors. In the absence of EGF, dimers exhibit a 4-fold higher autophosphorylation activity than do monomers. Addition of EGF increases autophosphorylation on monomers an average of 4.8-fold but has a minimal effect on autophosphorylation of dimers. Furthermore, EGF binding shifts the receptor monomer-dimer equilibrium to the dimer form. We conclude that EGF stimulates in vitro receptor autophosphorylation by inducing kinase-inactive receptor monomers to associate and form receptor dimers, in which conformation the autophosphorylation activity is enhanced. PMID- 3500471 TI - Anti-idiotype immunization of cancer patients: modulation of the immune response. AB - Thirty patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were treated with alum precipitated polyclonal goat anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to monoclonal anti CRC antibody CO17-1A (Ab1) in doses between 0.5 and 4 mg per injection. All patients developed anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) with binding specificities on the surfaces of cultured tumor cells similar to the specificity of Ab1. Furthermore, the Ab3 competed with Ab1 for binding to CRC cells. Fractions of Ab3-containing sera obtained after elution of the serum immunoglobulins from CRC cells bound to purified tumor antigen and inhibited binding of Ab2 to Ab1. The Ab3, therefore, may share idiotopes with Ab1. Six patients showed partial clinical remission and seven patients showed arrest of metastases following immunotherapy. Four of the thirteen patients with measurable clinical responses had received Ab2 alone, whereas 9 patients had also received chemotherapy. PMID- 3500472 TI - Expression of the human B-cell surface protein CD20: alteration by phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate. AB - The monoclonal antibody 1F5 recognizes human B-cell surface protein CD20 and can activate resting B cells; with this antibody we found CD20 to be a 35/37-kDa non disulfide-linked protein. The protein has a pI of 7.5-8.0 and is phosphorylated in B-cell lines, tonsillar B cells, and peripheral blood B cells. Both CD20 surface expression and phosphorylation are increased on buoyant tonsillar B cells activated in vivo. Because phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) supports the activation signal initiated by monoclonal antibody 1F5, we studied the effect of PMA on CD20 expression. After brief incubation with mitogenic levels of PMA, the number of dense tonsillar B cells positive for CD20 protein transiently decreased. Paradoxically, the cells remaining positive had more surface CD20 than did control cells, and these remaining surface CD20 molecules were hyperphosphorylated. Furthermore, PMA not only induced phosphorylation of CD20 protein on Raji cells but also increased the internalization of CD20 molecules; both phosphorylation and internalization of CD20 molecules were decreased with the protein kinase C inhibitor palmitoyl carnitine. Conditions that increase CD20 phosphorylation are shown also to increase surface mobility of the molecule, suggesting that CD20 protein internalization may be a critical early event for B cell entry into the G1 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 3500473 TI - Gene conversion-like events cause steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Genomic DNAs from twelve Japanese patients with steroid 21-hydroxylase [21-OHase; steroid 21-monooxygenase; steroid, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (21 hydroxylating); EC 1.14.99.10] deficiency were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. A 3.7-kilobase (kb) Taq I and a 1.7-kb Pvu II restriction endonuclease fragment that correspond to a 21-OHase B gene were absent from the DNA of two unrelated patients with the salt-wasting form of the disease. However, a 10.5-kb Bgl II fragment corresponding to the region encompassing the 21-OHase B gene was still present in these two patients. The genes encoding 21-OHase were cloned from one of these two patients, who was homozygous by descent for HLA A26;B39;C4A3;C4B1;DR4. Restriction endonuclease mapping as well as partial nucleotide sequencing analysis revealed that the 21-OHase B gene of the patient has been converted to the pseudogene, 21-OHase A, as far as the critical 0.5-kb sequence was concerned. Thus, the defect was due to both chromosomes each carrying two copies of 21-OHase A pseudogene and lacking functional 21-OHase B gene. PMID- 3500474 TI - Blood-brain barrier protein recognized by monoclonal antibody. AB - An IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody produced in response to immunization with rat brain homogenate reacted with endothelial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. Because antibody reactivity was associated with endothelia that have a selective permeability barrier, the antibody was called anti-endothelial barrier antigen (anti-EBA). Paraffin sections of Bouins'-fixed rat tissue were used for initial screening and subsequent characterization of antibody reactivity. The antibody was generally unreactive with endothelial cells in other organs and with nonendothelial cells in or outside of the nervous system. Antibody binding was greatly reduced or absent in endothelia of the area postrema and choroid plexus, sites known to possess fenestrated blood vessels. In developing rat brain, anti-EBA binding to some microvessels was seen at 3 days postnatally. Anti-EBA reactivity outside the nervous system occurred in spleen and skin. Patchy reaction with portions of some spleen blood vessels and binding to some cells in the spleen were observed. In the skin, small cells, tentatively identified as Langerhans cells, which participate in Ia presentation, were stained. On immunoblots of rat brain microvessel preparations electrophoresed in Na-DodSO4/polyacrylamide gels, anti-EBA reacted with a protein triplet of Mr 30,000, 25,000, and 23,500 components. PMID- 3500476 TI - Deletional rearrangement in the human T-cell receptor alpha-chain locus. AB - The antigen-specific receptor on the surface of mature T lymphocytes is a heterodimer consisting of polypeptides termed alpha and beta. In the course of characterizing human T-cell tumors with an immature (CD4-, CD8-) surface phenotype, we detected a 2-kilobase alpha-related transcript. Analysis of cDNA clones corresponding to this transcript established that a genetic element (which we call TEA, for "T early alpha") located between the alpha-chain variable- and joining-region genes had been spliced to the alpha constant region. The TEA transcript is present early in thymocyte ontogeny, and its expression declines during T-cell maturation. More important, the TEA area functions as an active site for rearrangement within the alpha gene locus. Blot hybridization of restriction enzyme-digested DNA with a TEA probe revealed a narrowly limited pattern of rearrangement in polyclonal thymic DNA, surprisingly different from the pattern expected for the mature alpha gene with its complex diversity. These DNA blots also showed that TEA is generally present in the germ-line configuration in cells expressing the gamma delta heterodimeric receptor and is deleted from mature (alpha beta-expressing) T-lymphocyte tumors and lines. Moreover, the TEA transcript lacked a long open reading frame for protein but instead possessed multiple copies of a repetitive element resembling those utilized in the heavy-chain class switch of the immunoglobulin genes. The temporal nature of the rearrangements and expression detected by TEA suggests that this recombination could mediate a transition between immature (gamma delta expressing) T cells and mature (alpha beta-expressing) T cells. PMID- 3500475 TI - B-lymphocyte activation mediated by anti-immunoglobulin antibody in the absence of protein kinase C. AB - B-cell activation induced by crosslinking of surface immunoglobulin is known to stimulate hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol to diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate. We now provide evidence that alternative pathways of activation may also be recruited during such activation. We utilized depletion of protein kinase C activity to determine whether this enzyme is required under all conditions for anti-immunoglobulin-stimulated B-cell activation. Although anti immunoglobulin does not induce B-cell proliferation in protein kinase C-depleted cells, it stimulates an earlier event in B-cell activation as reflected by its ability to enhance the expression of major histocompatibility complex-encoded class II molecules. Furthermore, the ribonucleoside 8-mercaptoguanosine restores the ability of anti-immunoglobulin to induce B-cell proliferation in protein kinase C-depleted cells. This restoration is also demonstrated by an enhancement of synthesis of a nuclear protein that we find is increased during B-cell mitogenesis. These results indicate that B-cell activation stimulated by anti immunoglobulin may recruit pathways in addition to the one dependent on protein kinase C. PMID- 3500477 TI - Allogeneic H-2 antigen expression is insufficient for tumor rejection. AB - Murine A strain (KkDdLd) sarcoma I (SaI) tumor cells have been transfected with a cloned H-2Kb gene. The resulting clones (SKB clones) stably express high levels of a molecule that is serologically and biochemically indistinguishable from the H-2Kb antigen. SKB clones are not susceptible to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis by H-2Kb-specific bulk, cloned, or H-2Kb-restricted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific effectors. Survival times of A/J and B10.A mice challenged i.p. with the H-2Kb-expressing transfectants and the parental SaI cells are similar, suggesting that the presence of an allogeneic major histocompatibility complex class I antigen on the surface of this tumor line is insufficient for tumor rejection. PMID- 3500478 TI - A rod-cone dysfunction syndrome with separate clinical entity: incomplete-type congenital stationary night blindness (Miyake). PMID- 3500479 TI - Behavioral and biochemical effects of nicotine in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. AB - This study examined the effects of nicotine on locomotor activity and on the level of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum and olfactory tubercle of mice that had been treated with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP significantly lowered the spontaneous locomotor activity 1-2 weeks and 2 months after 2 injections of MPTP (30 mg/kg SC, 24 hr apart) in young adult (3 months) and old mice (22-24 months old). The effect of nicotine on locomotion was biphasic; an initial stimulation of locomotor (0-5 min after nicotine) followed by a depressant period lasting from 5 to 20 min after injection. Tolerance to the depressant effect of nicotine developed after the 5th day of daily injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg SC, twice daily). Tolerance did not occur by day 8 to the initial stimulatory effect of nicotine. A similar effect of nicotine on locomotor activity was seen in mice treated with MPTP. The levels of DOPAC and HVA in the striatum were reduced by about 20% in the chronic nicotine treated animals. The levels of DOPAC, DA, and HVA were reduced in the MPTP treated mice; however, acute and chronic nicotine did not cause an additional change in the amine levels. The results suggest that nicotine has an influence on locomotor activity in MPTP-treated mice and that this effect is not due to changes in DA receptor activity in the striatum caused by chronic nicotine. PMID- 3500480 TI - Isotope computed tomography using cone-beam geometry: a comparison of two reconstruction algorithms. AB - A CT scanner has been constructed specifically to determine the three-dimensional distribution of bone mineral in the medullary cavities of the radius, ulna and femur. A source of x-rays (153Gd) and a multiwire proportional counter (MWPC) are mounted at opposite ends of a diameter of an annular mounting. The limb is placed on the axis of rotation of the annulus and a series of two-dimensional transmission projections are obtained at equal angular spacings over 360 degrees. The distribution of bone mineral is reconstructed from the projections either by the method of maximum entropy (ME) or by convolution and back projection (CBP). These two methods have been evaluated by reconstructing a single slice of a phantom, representing the forearm, from projections simulated by computer. With a clinically acceptable exposure time, the mean medullary densities of the ulna and radius were determined with systematic errors of less than 3.5% (ME) and 11% (CBP), although for the latter method of reconstruction the systematic error was reduced to less than 2% by increasing the number of views. The mean medullary densities of the ulna and radius were determined with precisions better than 2.5% (ME) and 3.5% (CBP). PMID- 3500481 TI - The maturational onset of the 5-HT mediated head twitch in mice. AB - The effect of elevated brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on the head twitch was examined to determine an age of onset in mice for this 5-HT mediated motor activity. Two different treatments were used to elevate 5-HT: 100 mg/kg L tryptophan with 100 mg/kg pargyline; and 100 mg/kg 5-HTP with 25 mg/kg carbidopa. Mice from ages 14 to 42 days postpartum were examined. Both treatments showed an onset of the head twitch at 15 days. Juvenile mice of 15-18 days appeared to differ in their response to the two treatments. Although 5-HTP and carbidopa stimulated head twitches, 5-HTP alone had a greater stimulatory effect at these ages, while in the other experiment only those animals receiving the combined tryptophan and pargyline treatment showed significant responses. PMID- 3500482 TI - Radioprotection to mice by combination of hydroxytryptophan with AET or MPG: bone marrow histology study. PMID- 3500483 TI - [Transhepatic embolization of hemorrhaging varices of the gastric fundus and esophagus]. PMID- 3500484 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pneumocystosis)]. AB - In former times Pneumocystis carinii (PC) primarily affected premature infants. More recently, it has proved to be one of the major infectious complications among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with AIDS. The most frequent radiographic feature is diffuse, bilateral alveolar and interstitial perihilar shadowing, spreading in a butterfly pattern. The typical findings may mimic other infectious diseases, but the presence of large pleural effusions of hilar adenopathy is evidence against the diagnosis of PC-pneumonia. PMID- 3500485 TI - Gastrointestinal hemangiomatosis in children: demonstration with CT. AB - The presence of gastrointestinal (GI) tract hemangiomatosis was demonstrated by computed tomography in two children who presented with lower GI tract bleeding. Marked vascular enhancement of the bowel during rapid intravenous administration of contrast material and dynamic scanning is characteristic, similar to that seen with hemangiomas elsewhere in the body. Barium examinations demonstrate submucosal lesions within the bowel and are useful to approximate the length of bowel involvement. PMID- 3500486 TI - [Results obtained from the group study on the clinical efficacy of SPECT of the liver]. AB - The influence of SPECT over the detectability of SOL in the liver was evaluated by the Subcommittee on Efficacy Study, which belongs to Medical and Pharmaceutical Committee of Japan Radioisotope Association, under the participation of 9 hospitals including some university hospitals. In this study segmental reading of the SOL was requested. The film reading was performed twice on the different patient-groups and the results from well-experienced doctors (11 doctors) were summarized, indicating a slight increase in sensitivity as a whole although there were some doctors showing a reverse effect in each performance. Sensitivity was determined in the patient-group without SOL, which showed a slight decrease as a whole, indicating that SPECT had some possibility of increasing false positive cases. In the study of SOL detectability based on its segmental location, a marked positive effect of SPECT was noted in the right anterior and right posterior segments whereas a marked negative effect in the left lateral segment. The left medial segment also showed a slight decrease in the detectability of SOL. PMID- 3500487 TI - [Fundamental study for SPECT imaging with 123I produced by (p, 5n) reaction]. AB - The effects of higher-energy photon from 123I (p, 5n) on the SPECT image quality were evaluated. The quality was evaluated by image contrast and %rms. Image contrast had similar tendency to planar and SPECT FWHM value. %rms was affected by septal penetration. Using 140 keV high resolution collimator (140 keV HR), image contrast was superior to that for 300 keV medium energy collimator (300 keV ME), but septal penetration rate (SPR) was 18% and %rms was 10.5. When quantitation is required, the collimator with less SPR than 18% is recommended for SPECT imaging. Using 300 keV ME, SPR was 0.05%, but spatial resolution and image contrast were inferior to that for 140 keV HR. PMID- 3500489 TI - [Inflammatory gastric fibroid polyp as a cause of upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3500488 TI - [Contribution of chest radiology to the diagnosis of HIV virus infection]. AB - After revising literature concerning Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumoniae (PCP), the authors undertook a close examination of the immunological system of the HIVab positive patients that suffered opportunistic pneumopathy from PCP. Hundred-forty three cases of HIVab-positive (mean age of 29), prevalently heroin drug-users, were studied. There were 13 AIDS, 26 ARC, 91 LAS cases and 13 patients with only Ab positivity for HIV. Four hundred chest radiographs were examined without previous knowledge of case histories. A small number of hilum and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathies was observed. Moreover, percentage increase in acute lung inflammatory diseases, mainly interstitial, was seen. These data were correlated to the worsening of the HIV infection and to the developing of LAS, ARC and AIDS. In a number of cases there was radiological evidence of progressed inflammatory episodes. The clinical pattern of PCP patients is dramatic and often fatal. Clinical-radiological cases with special reference to acute interstitial disease, caused by opportunistic agents, are presented. PMID- 3500490 TI - [Immunoproliferative disease of the small intestine with development to B cell immunoblastic sarcoma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 3500491 TI - [Booster pump function of the left atrium in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 3500492 TI - [Hemorrhagic gastric cancer]. PMID- 3500494 TI - Lipopolysaccharide-induced elaboration of interleukin 1 by human monocytes: use for detection of lipopolysaccharide in serum and the influence of serum lipopolysaccharide interactions. AB - An assay of interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by human monocytes was used to detect minute amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in sera or serum components designed for use in experiments or for injection into humans. Elaboration of IL-1 is a more sensitive criterion for the presence of LPS than is the rabbit pyrogenicity assay, and contamination of a given solution with LPS can be semiquantitatively determined by comparison with a standard. Interaction of (exogenously added) LPS with serum interferes with the recognition of LPS by monocytes but in a manner different from that encountered in the limulus test. Recognition of LPS by monocytes was not affected by the presence of naturally occurring antibodies to LPS. With use of IL-1 elaboration as an indicator, the presence of functionally active LPS in the sera of some patients with sepsis could be demonstrated. PMID- 3500493 TI - Reorganization of the peripheral projections of the trigeminal ganglion following neonatal transection of the infraorbital nerve. AB - Two different anatomical techniques were used to obtain evidence that transection of the infraorbital (IO) nerve on the day of birth would result in reorganization of the peripheral projections of the trigeminal nerve. In 14 of 19 neonatally nerve-damaged adult rats, injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) directly into the IO nerve, proximal to the point of the neonatal transection, resulted in labeled cells in the ophthalmic-maxillary portion of the ganglion and labeled fibers in mandibular sensory nerves. In an additional 28 neonatally nerve-damaged adult rats, double-labeling techniques were employed to document the reorganization suggested by the HRP tracing experiments. In these experiments, one fluorescent tracer, diamidino yellow (DY), was injected directly into the regenerate IO nerve, proximal to the point of the neonatal transection; a second tracer, true blue (TB), was deposited into peripheral ophthalmic and/or mandibular fields. These combinations of injections invariably resulted in the demonstration of a small number (46-401) of double-labeled cells that were located in the ophthalmic-maxillary part of the ganglion. Identical combinations of injections in normal adult rats and the intact sides of nerve-damaged animals never produced more than 6 double-labeled cells per ganglion. In two additional series of experiments, sequential double-labeling techniques were employed to demonstrate that the multiply projecting ganglion cells probably arose in at least two ways: (1) development of non-IO projections by ganglion cells that contributed axons to the IO nerve at the time of the lesion; (2) elaboration of IO axon branches by primary afferent neurons that had non-IO projections at the time of the lesion. A final two-stage double-labeling experiment demonstrated that approximately 75% of the ganglion cells that projected to the whisker pad at birth, and survived transection of the IO nerve on the first postnatal day, regenerated axons into this trigeminal branch. PMID- 3500495 TI - Tumor necrosis factor: a cytokine involved in toxic effects of endotoxin. AB - Endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis has been shown to be mediated by a factor termed tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The biochemical nature, source, and mode of induction of TNF have been clarified. TNF is a mediator of activated macrophages that is released into the supernatant by these cells after their stimulation with endotoxin. A number of biologic functions of TNF other than its tumoricidal activity have been demonstrated. In vivo, TNF induces reactions similar to those induced by endotoxin. Hypothermia, elevated hematocrit and plasma lactate levels, and reduced plasma glucose levels have been measured in mice injected with TNF. These reactions typically occur soon after endotoxin injection and are induced with purified recombinant TNF in mice that exhibit a low response to endotoxin. No TNF-induced production of interleukin 1 (which can induce similar effects) was detected in macrophage/monocyte cultures. Therefore, TNF appears to mediate endotoxin effects directly. PMID- 3500496 TI - [Classification, varieties, dosage, and reasons for choosing a non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent]. PMID- 3500497 TI - [Aspirin in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatism in 1987]. PMID- 3500498 TI - [Indications for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 3500499 TI - T lymphocytes displaying major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxicity after activation by K46M, a mitogenic monoclonal antibody against leucoagglutinin-reactive human T lymphocyte surface components. AB - Activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with the mitogenic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) K46M, which recognizes 1-5% of PBL, resulted in the expansion of cells with cytolytic activity. Thus, after culture of the activated lymphocytes in medium containing interleukin 2 (IL-2), they lysed a variety of cultured cell lines. The majority of the activated lymphocytes reacted with MoAb to CD8, CD3, and to the T cell antigen receptor heterodimer (Ti) but not with antibodies to antigens expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. The cytotoxicity was not inhibited by MoAb to CD3 or Ti. However, the killing of K562, but not of other cell lines, was enhanced by three to four times in the presence of anti-Ti antibodies. Anti-CD3 or other control antibodies had no effect. Cold target inhibition experiments indicated that the cytolytic lymphocytes recognized closely related structures on the target cells. Phenotypically and functionally similar effector cells emerged after activation of PBL with the anti-CD3 MoAb OKT3. Taken together, the results indicate that activation of PBL with MoAb K46M induces cytotoxic cells that differ from classical NK cells but that resemble mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, unlike CTL, cytotoxicity was not MHC-restricted and the conventional T-cell receptor complex (CD3/Ti) appeared not to be involved in target cell recognition and cytolysis. PMID- 3500500 TI - Generation of large granular lymphocytes and lymphocyte subset changes linked with cyclophosphamide-induced eosinophilia in rats--and the effects of ciclosporin. AB - Administration of cyclophosphamide (Cy: 150 mg/kg i.p.) to rats 48 h before immunization with a T-dependent antigen (ovalbumin) resulted in a striking absolute eosinophilia in blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs after 10 to 14 days. This eosinophilia was preceded by a significant increase in the W3/25+/OX-8+ (T helper/inducer to T cytotoxic/suppressor) ratio in lymph nodes and spleen and accompanied by a pronounced rise in splenic OX-12+ (B cell) numbers. There was also a concomitant increase in cells with the morphology and immunophenotype (OX-8+, OX-19-) of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). It is suggested that the eosinophilia linked with the B lymphocytosis may be due to cell-derived soluble factors, including a possible equivalent of eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF = interleukin 5), which also has B-cell growth factor activity (BCGF II) in mice. Ciclosporin (CsA; 25 mg/kg/day per os) from the time of immunization, did not affect the incidence of W3/25+ cells in spleen or lymph nodes, but abrogated Cy-induced eosinophilia and reduced the extent of B-cell proliferation. In addition, CsA caused a further, marked increase in the incidence of OX-8+, OX-19-LGL within the spleen. The functional role(s) of these latter cells remains to be defined. PMID- 3500501 TI - Functional characterization of human B cells carrying the lymphocyte large sialoglycoprotein gp150. AB - Human B cell-enriched populations were prepared from buffy coats of healthy donors. By means of affinity chromatography, the B cells were separated into two fractions, one enriched in and the other depleted of cells expressing gp150, the large sialoglycoprotein of lymphocytes. In the presence of autologous T cells, monocytes and pokeweed mitogen B cell populations enriched for gp150+ cells gave rise to significantly more plasma cells (cIg+ cells) and secreted significantly more IgG than gp150-depleted populations. In contrast, more or an equal amount of IgM was secreted in cultures containing gp150-depleted cells. The differences between the fractions could not be ascribed to uneven distribution of T3+ cells, OKM1+ cells or B1+ (CD20) cells. However, the gp150-enriched population contained significantly more B2+ (CD21) cells than the gp150-depleted population. These results suggest that the gp150+ B cells differ from gp150- B cells, not only in their responsiveness to T cell differentiation signals but also in their commitment to Ig heavy chain isotype secretion. PMID- 3500503 TI - Inhibition of T cell cytolytic potential by concanavalin A: a result of activation? AB - We investigated the effects of concanavalin A (Con A) on T cell-mediated lympholysis. Human cytotoxic T cell lines were generated from peripheral blood and these lines were shown to lyse lectin-coated K562 target cells. Addition of soluble Con A to the assay resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the cytolysis. Preincubation experiments demonstrated that this inhibitory effect was exerted at the effector cell level. F(ab')2 fragments of WT32, a monoclonal antibody against T3, blocked the cytolysis of Con A-preincubated K562 target cells to a large extent. We further showed that Con A strongly inhibited the cytolysis exerted by alloantigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted cytotoxic T cell lines against their specific targets. On the other hand, Con A had no clear inhibitory effect on the cytotoxicity of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells against K562 target cells. We hypothesize that Con A-induced inhibition of cytotoxicity may be explained by a direct triggering of the lytic potential of activated T cells. PMID- 3500502 TI - Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 accelerates recovery of B and T cell reactivity following irradiation. AB - Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 (Cu-DIPS), administered subcutaneously to mice at 80 mg/kg body weight, had marked radioprotective activity. Given 3 h before exposure to 8.0 Gy (800 rad) irradiation, Cu-DIPS increased the 42-day survival from 40% to 86%. Seven days after exposure to 8.0 Gy, there were severe reductions in spleen weight (73%) and cellularity (98%) in both Cu-DIPS- and vehicle-treated mice. Viable spleen cells collected 7 days after irradiation were totally unresponsive to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation regardless of Cu-DIPS or vehicle treatment, suggesting that Cu-DIPS did not prevent radiation-induced damage to mature lymphocytes. At 14 days, when Cu-DIPS-treated mice started to show improved survival over vehicle-treated mice, spleen weights and cellularity were 2.5- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, in Cu-DIPS-treated mice. Treatment with Cu-DIPS not only enhanced splenic repopulation, but also accelerated the reappearance of both B and T cell reactivities. Spleen cell responsiveness to the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), regenerated significantly faster in Cu-DIPS-treated mice. Cu-DIPS also significantly accelerated the regeneration of T-dependent antibody induction. Based on these assays of immunocompetence, Cu-DIPS-treated mice had, on average, a seven-fold greater capacity to respond to immune stimulation than vehicle treated mice 24 days after irradiation. PMID- 3500504 TI - Expression of major histocompatibility complex class II subregion products by jejunal epithelium in patients with coeliac disease. AB - The MHC class II subregion products (HLA-DR), HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ) were located by immunofluorescence in serial sections of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded jejunal mucosa from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease (CD). DR staining was seen in a granular luminal distribution and basolaterally on surface epithelial cells in both untreated and treated CD patients and in controls. In untreated CD the crypt epithelium was positive for DR almost to the bottom of the glands. This contrasted with virtually absent glandular DR staining in controls and weak staining including only the upper part of the crypts in 5 out of 11 treated patients. HLA-DP was present apically in the surface epithelium in all untreated patients, in 5 out of 11 treated patients, and in 4 out of 11 controls. HLA-DQ appeared only in three untreated patients and was restricted to patches of surface epithelium. The number of intraepithelial T lymphocytes per millimetre of surface epithelium was significantly higher in untreated than in treated CD patients or controls; it was also significantly higher in specimens with epithelial DP expression than in those without. This suggested that intraepithelial lymphocytes modulate epithelial class II expression. PMID- 3500505 TI - Idiotypic network in myasthenia gravis demonstrated by human monoclonal B-cell lines. AB - Human monoclonal anti-receptor and anti-idiotypic antibodies were obtained from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells of patients with myasthenia gravis. The majority of antibodies (85/117) were IgM, and all IgM antibodies had lambda light chains. A marked restriction to one recurrent idiotype was found, despite the additional presence of other idiotypes in the serum from all patients. The presence of idiotypes and anti-idiotypes in the same patient was verified by the demonstration of specific complex formation between an anti receptor antibody and an anti-idiotypic antibody produced by two different clones. Studies of human monoclonal antibodies produced by lymphoblastoid cell lines provide important information about the B-cell repertoire in myasthenia gravis and demonstrate a basis for a functional antibody network in this disease. PMID- 3500506 TI - Oestrogen-induced suppression of collagen arthritis. II. Treatment of rats suppresses development of arthritis but does not affect the anti-type II collagen humoral response. AB - Immunization of female Lewis rats with bovine type II collagen induces a severe polyarthritis with an incomplete penetration. Castration of the rats increased the incidence to 94% compared with 50% among sham-operated controls. When castrated female rats were implanted with silicone capsules containing beta oestradiol they developed arthritis with a delayed onset and a decreased severity compared with castrated rats implanted with empty Silastic capsules. The levels of anti-type II collagen auto-antibodies were not affected by castration or oestrogen treatment. These findings show that oestrogen suppresses the development of collagen arthritis in rats and that this effect is mediated by mechanisms other than anti-type II collagen auto-antibodies. PMID- 3500507 TI - Breast cancer incidence subsequent to surgical reduction of the female breast. AB - The incidence of breast cancer was determined in 1245 women who were treated surgically for breast hypertrophy in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1943 and 1971. Breast cancer cases were identified by a linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. The expected number of breast cancers was estimated from age and calendar-time specific incidence rates in the Danish female population. A total of 18 breast cancers developed compared to 30.28 expected, yielding a relative risk (RR) of 0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.94). The greatest risk reduction was observed ten or more years after the plastic surgery operation in women who had 600 g or more of breast tissue removed (RR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.03-0.99). This suggests that the number of potential foci are important for cancer development in the breast. PMID- 3500508 TI - Aspects of the rheumatic patient. Proceedings of a meeting. Basel, Switzerland, 4 5 December 1986. PMID- 3500509 TI - Comparative biochemical pharmacology of the oxicams. AB - The chronicity of the inflammatory process requires persistent tissue concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), best achieved by using a drug with a long half-life as a once-daily regimen. The oxicams proved to be one of the most promising classes of NSAIDs. They have a similar molecular structure, though substitution of the benzothiazine ring by a thienothiazine system gives tenoxicam a more hydrophilic character. Tenoxicam is thus characterised by lower penetration into tissues requiring more lipophilic properties, e.g. the CNS and skin, and this may explain the lower incidence of adverse reactions at these target organs in comparison with more lipophilic NSAIDs. Poor diffusion into hepatic cells--as a result of a small free fraction, tight binding to proteins and hydrophilic character--explains its low hepatic extraction ratio and--as a consequence--a long half-life. Compared to indomethacin and diclofenac, the oxicams have a moderate inhibitory activity on the synthesis and release of prostaglandins; tenoxicam is half as active as piroxicam, reflecting the correspondent difference in their steady-state plasma concentrations. PMID- 3500510 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss during treatment with naproxen for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In 9 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis we studied gastrointestinal blood loss during well tolerated therapy with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, 500 mg twice daily. The mean gastrointestinal blood loss, assessed with reinfused autologous 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes, was 1.4 +/- 0.6 ml/day (mean +/- SD) and did not exceed the upper normal level. No relationship was observed between individual gastrointestinal blood loss and serum concentrations of protein-unbound or of total naproxen, or of the duration of drug treatment, or of the degree of disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Two subjects developed peptic ulcer disease after the study, from which they had a blood loss of 0.9 and 1.9 ml/day, respectively. PMID- 3500511 TI - Suicide among Swedish dentists. A ten-year follow-up study. AB - In the present study, we have followed a national cohort of dentists, academics, i.e. people with three or more years of post-high school education, and the general population for a period of ten years, and identified all cases of recognized suicide during the period 1961 to 1970. The aim of the study was to assess whether suicide rates are higher among dentists even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Results show an elevated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for male dentists compared to other male academics. Female dentists did not exhibit any increased risk. It is suggested that enhanced interest should be given to the possible etiologic role of not only psychosocial factors but also to psychoorganic consequences of mercury exposure among dentists. PMID- 3500512 TI - Lymphotoxin is an important T cell-derived growth factor for human B cells. AB - Two different assays for B cell growth factors (BCGF) and an antibody against lymphotoxin were used to show that the presence of lymphotoxin in conditioned media derived from normal activated T cells and in a partially purified BCGF accounts for a substantial portion of their B cell growth-promoting activity. A competitive binding assay confirmed the presence of significant amounts of lymphotoxin in the partially purified BCGF. Recombinant lymphotoxin enhanced the proliferation of activated B cells and augmented B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion induced by interleukin-2. PMID- 3500513 TI - Epidermal-growth-factor-dependent transformation by a human EGF receptor proto oncogene. AB - The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene EGFR has been placed in a retrovirus vector to examine the growth properties of cells that experimentally overproduce a full-length EGF receptor. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with the viral DNA or infected with the corresponding rescued retrovirus developed a fully transformed phenotype in vitro that required both functional EGFR expression and the presence of EGF in the growth medium. Cells expressing 4 x 10(5) EGF receptors formed tumors in nude mice, while control cells did not. Therefore, the EGFR retrovirus, which had a titer on NIH 3T3 cells that was greater than 10(7) focus-forming units per milliliter, can efficiently transfer and express this gene, and increased numbers of EGF receptors can contribute to the transformed phenotype. PMID- 3500514 TI - Blocking of HIV-1 infectivity by a soluble, secreted form of the CD4 antigen. AB - The initial event in the infection of human T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is the attachment of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to its cellular receptor, CD4. As a step toward designing antagonists of this binding event, soluble, secreted forms of CD4 were produced by transfection of mammalian cells with vectors encoding versions of CD4 lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The soluble CD4 so produced binds gp120 with an affinity and specificity comparable to intact CD4 and is capable of neutralizing the infectivity of HIV-1. These studies reveal that the high-affinity CD4-gp120 interaction does not require other cell or viral components and may establish a novel basis for therapeutic intervention in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 3500515 TI - Three-dimensional structure of interleukin-2. AB - Interleukin-2 is an effector protein that participates in modulating the immune response; it has become a focal point for the study of lymphokine structure and function. The three-dimensional structure of the interleukin molecule has been solved to 3.0 angstrom resolution. Interleukin-2 has a novel alpha-helical tertiary structure that suggests one portion of the molecule forms a structural scaffold, which underlies the receptor binding facets of the molecule. PMID- 3500516 TI - Human color vision deficiencies and atmospheric twilight. PMID- 3500517 TI - Mania associated with intravenous ranitidine therapy. PMID- 3500518 TI - Incidence of ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine (Forestier's disease) at autopsy. AB - In a series of 75 spines studied at autopsy, the authors found 21 (28%) affected by ankylosing hyperostosis. The 21 cases included three in the cervical spine, 12 in the thoracic spine, and five in the lumbar spine. One case had both thoracic and lumbar spine disease. The average age was 65 years (range, 50-90 years). The mean weight was 85 kg, which was 20 kg more than the mean weight of the nonaffected subjects. Four cases had adult onset diabetes mellitus. No other endocrine or arthritic disease was noted either clinically or at autopsy. No abnormalities of calcium or phosphorus metabolism were found. The cause of death was unrelated to their spine disease, and clinical records were devoid of any major complaints referable to the spine. PMID- 3500519 TI - [An unusual case of acute bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum in a 9-month-old child]. PMID- 3500520 TI - Major lower intestinal haemorrhage. Angiographic localisation and current management. AB - Thirty-four patients with major lower intestinal bleeding underwent emergency selective mesenteric angiography during a 6-year period. Angiography identified a bleeding site in 16 patients (47%). Diverticulosis, found in 22 patients (65%), and angiodysplasia, found in 4 (12%), were the most common causes of major colonic bleeding and originated more frequently from the right colon. Eight patients (24%) bled from less common sources. Radiological control of bleeding was unreliable with a significant complication rate. Fourteen of 16 patients with positive angiograms and 6 of 18 patients with negative angiograms required surgery for persistent major bleeding. Angiographic localisation of colonic bleeding allowed limited resection in 9 of 11 patients with control of haemorrhage in 8 (89%). Fourteen of 34 patients were managed non-operatively; of these 2 had minor recurrent bleeding. The overall mortality rate was 29%, the operative mortality rate 40% and the non-operative mortality rate 14%. A rational diagnostic approach is presented, emphasising the role of selective mesenteric angiography in the management and surgical strategy of major lower intestinal bleeding. PMID- 3500522 TI - Severe secondary postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean section. AB - Between January 1982 and April 1985 13 patients with severe secondary postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean section were seen at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. The bleeding occurred in the second, third and fourth weeks after delivery, but there were no maternal deaths. Eight of these patients were treated by total abdominal hysterectomy and 1 by revision of the uterine wound and ligation of the bleeding uterine vessels. The last 4 patients, seen in 1985, were treated by selective transcatheter embolisation with Gelfoam pledgets. This method was successful in 3 patients and failed in 1. It is suggested that the latter method has a place in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 3500521 TI - Long-acting sulphonamides. PMID- 3500523 TI - Single session treatment for bleeding hemorrhoids. AB - Fifty consecutive outpatients with bleeding internal hemorrhoids were prospectively treated with a single application of rubber band ligation or infrared coagulation. Complete follow-up observation was obtained in 48 patients (23 underwent rubber band ligation and 25 underwent infrared coagulation). At one month after treatment, 22 patients who underwent rubber band ligation and 16 who underwent infrared coagulation, were symptomatically improved (p less than 0.05). At six months, 15 patients who had undergone rubber band ligation and ten who had infrared coagulation treatment, remained improved (p less than 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the discomfort experienced by either group during or after the procedure as determined by a self-assessment scale. Two patients who underwent rubber band ligation experienced complications--a thrombosed external hemorrhoid developed in one patient and another had delayed rectal bleeding. Although associated with occasional complications after treatment, rubber band ligation is more effective than in infrared coagulation for single session treatment of bleeding internal hemorrhoids. PMID- 3500524 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide: possible tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer. AB - We have sought to determine whether medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) released calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in vivo. MTC cells were inoculated from tissue culture into eight Wag-Rij rats. One month later blood was drawn before and after the intravenous injection of calcium, and plasma levels of CGRP and calcitonin (CT) levels in that blood were determined by radioimmunoassay. The tumor was examined for content of CGRP and of CT by means of radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. The tumor was divided and portions were passed to another eight rats. One month later, the studies were repeated. The tumor was passed two additional times (four passages in all). Controls consisted of non-tumor-bearing Wag-Rij rats. Basal levels of plasma CGRP in control rats (7 +/- 1 ng/ml) were unaffected by calcium stimulation. In tumor-bearing rats, the plasma CGRP level, which was initially slightly elevated (15 +/- 7 ng/ml), rose progressively with passages to 279 +/- 79 ng/ml in the third passage and fell to normal values at the end of passage four. Hypercalcemia had no effect on plasma CGRP levels in tumor-bearing rats but did stimulate the release of CT in both control and tumor bearing rats, although it is not clear whether this release was from the tumor or from normal thyroid parafollicular cells in these tumor-bearing rats. We conclude that rat MTC synthesizes and releases CGRP but, unlike CT, CGRP appears unresponsive to calcium stimulation. PMID- 3500525 TI - [The state of cellular and humoral factors of nonspecific resistance and immunologic reactivity in chronic pyelonephritis]. AB - Chronic pyelonephritis at the stage of exacerbation is accompanied by the development of combined immunodeficiency characterized by the inhibition of some humoral factors of nonspecific resistance, a decrease in the functional potential of the system of neutrophilic phagocytosis, quantitative deficiency of the circulating pool of thymus-dependent lymphocytes and a decrease in their functional activity combined with disturbance of antibody genesis. Immunomodulating therapy against a background of multiple modality therapy of disease was proposed. PMID- 3500526 TI - [Genetic aspects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (familial studies and relation of HLA to obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)]. AB - The purpose of the paper was to study the families of 31 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) to establish the hereditary nature of disease as well as to study the peculiarities of distribution of HLA-A, B and DR antigens in 44 patients (Russians) with obstructive HCMP using a method of histocompatibility typing. Echocardiographic investigation of 105 relatives of 31 patients with various types of HCMP revealed 32 patients with the same pathology among 84 persons in 20 families suggesting the familial pattern of disease. Antigen markers of predisposition to obstructive HCMP were established: HLA-B27, DR1 and DR4. DR4 antigen has primary relationship with the disease. Some differences in the distribution of HLA-antigens in men and women with obstructive HCMP were revealed. There was no correlation of HLA-markers with the severity of disease and patient's age at which the disease developed. PMID- 3500528 TI - [Coffee and cholesterol. A survey of published epidemiological and experimental studies]. PMID- 3500527 TI - [Effects of 2 campaigns against smoking. A minor postal survey of households in Oppland County]. PMID- 3500529 TI - Two affinity immunoelectrophoretic methods for studying collagen interaction with von Willebrand factor antigen. AB - Two new immunoelectrophoretic methods are described for studying the interaction of collagen fibrils with von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF: Ag). In the first, the sample was electrophoresed through a collagen-agarose wedge into an antibody agarose area, and immunoprecipitin lines was detected by staining. Different immunoprecipitin patterns were obtained with the vWF: Ag of normal plasma, commercial FVIII preparations, and von Willebrand disease (vWD) type IIa plasma as the result of collagen binding of vWF: Ag. In the other method, the sample was electrophoresed into agarose for preliminary separation of forms, followed by migration in the second dimension through a collagen spacer gel into an antibody agarose area. This method demonstrated preferential binding of high molecular weight forms of vWF: Ag in normal plasma and slight binding of the lower molecular weight forms of antigen found in vWD type IIa plasma. The affinity wedge method is a convenient general method for finding quickly a useful concentration of affinity reagent. PMID- 3500530 TI - Alteration of tryptophan metabolism in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. AB - Tryptophan, its metabolites and related enzyme activity in synovial fluid, blood and urine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) were measured. The levels of tryptophan, kynurenine and anthranilic acid in the synovial fluid higher in RA were than in OA, whereas the xanthurenic acid level was equal in RA and OA. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase activity in the synovial membrane was higher in RA than in OA. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the synovial fluid and the blood and the 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) level in the synovial fluid were essentially the same for both diseases. However, the 5 HIAA level in the serum of RA patients was higher than in those with OA, and the 5-HIAA level in the urine of RA patients was lower than in those with OA. In addition, monoamine oxidase-A and B activity in the synovial fluid of RA patients was decreased than in those with OA. These findings suggest that metabolism of tryptophan is altered in patients with RA. PMID- 3500531 TI - 'Immune complex' mediated intravascular hemolysis due to IgM cephalosporin dependent antibody. AB - Immune hemolytic anemia (IHA) related to cephalosporins is rare and generally considered to be the result of a drug-adsorption mechanism. In previously reported cases, the hemolysis was usually extravascular and the causative antibodies were IgG, incapable of activating complement, and demonstrable by the direct or indirect antiglobulin test using red cells (RBCs) pretreated in vitro with cephalosporin. The authors report a patient in whom acute intravascular hemolysis developed while she was receiving cefotaxime (a cephalosporin as yet not reported to cause IHA). The patient's RBCs were coated only with complement fragments (C3d), even at the peak of the hemolytic episode. Her serum and eluates repeatedly yielded negative results when tested against normal or cephalosporin coated RBCs. However, strong hemagglutination and C5b-9-mediated hemolysis were observed if the patient's serum was tested against RBCs in the presence of the drug, its ex vivo antigen and, to a lesser degree, cephalothin and ceftriaxon, but not in the presence of penicillin and other related cephalosporins. The positive reactions were not changed by preincubating the serum with different amounts of the drugs. All of these findings reflect the typical picture of drug induced IHA by the so-called "immune complex" mechanism and not by the drug adsorption mechanism. The authors conclude that cephalosporin can cause immune hemolysis in two ways: the drug-adsorption mechanism and, as described here, the "immune complex" mechanism. PMID- 3500533 TI - Ultraviolet carcinogenesis in athymic nude mice. AB - We have investigated the development of skin cancer from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in C3H- nu/nu nude mice. Nude mice, nude mice reconstituted with thymuses, and nude mouse skin grafted onto normal haired mice had similar tumor incidences and rates of tumor development. All tumors were squamous cell carcinomas and both well-differentiated and poorly differentiated lesions occurred in each of the groups. Transplants of the tumors that developed in nude skin grew preferentially in immunosuppressed mice as compared with normal mice, indicating that tumors from each treatment group were antigenic. These results indicate that the presence or absence of a functioning thymus does not seem to influence UV carcinogenesis. PMID- 3500532 TI - Evaluation of factor VIII-rich cryoprecipitate and the plasma fibronectin-rich, heparin-precipitable fraction prepared from single-donor plasma units. AB - A plasma fibronectin-rich component was prepared by heparin-induced 4 degrees C precipitation of fresh or stored (21 days at 4 degrees C), single-donor plasma. The recovery of plasma fibronectin was 45 percent at a concentration of 0.05 mg heparin per ml (7.5 units/ml) and 75 percent at 0.1 mg per ml (15 units/ml). The biologic activity of plasma fibronectin, as assessed by the spreading of Chinese hamster ovary cells or attachment of monocytes to gelatin-coated surfaces, was similar to that of plasma fibronectin concentrates made from fresh or stored plasma. Only 20 to 30 percent of the factor VIII activity in fresh plasma was recovered in cryoprecipitate produced after the heparin-induced precipitate containing fibronectin was removed. Cryoprecipitate prepared from the supernatant plasma that remains after heparin-induced cold precipitation in the presence of CaCl2 (5 mM) contained approximately 50 percent less factor VIII. The relatively low recovery of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate prepared from fibronectin-depleted plasma makes cryoprecipitation an unsuitable method of producing fibronectin-rich and factor VIII-rich components effectively from a single unit of fresh plasma. However, heparin-induced cold precipitation provides an efficient method for preparing plasma fibronectin concentrates from small plasma pools or single units of stored or fresh plasma. PMID- 3500534 TI - Chimerism and cytotoxic T lymphocyte unresponsiveness after neonatal injection of spleen cells in mice. Effects of T cell depletion and of a semiallogeneic or fully allogeneic inoculum. AB - Newborn Balb/c mice received a single neonatal injection of either (A/J x Balb/c) F1 hybrid spleen cells, T-cell-depleted (A/J x Balb/c) F1 hybrid spleen cells, or T-cell-depleted fully allogeneic A/J spleen cells. Chimerism was followed longitudinally during the life span by the detection of circulating donor allotype. At sacrifice, the percentage of donor cells in the spleen was measured, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) reactivity to the tolerogen was tested. We found that T cell depletion of the semiallogeneic inoculum did not modify its capacity to generate persistent chimerism and CTL tolerance, while T-cell-depleted allogeneic cells were intrinsically deficient both in the induction and in the long-term maintenance of chimerism and CTL unresponsiveness. PMID- 3500535 TI - [Comparison of the effect of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its cyanogen bromide derivative on EGF receptor phosphorylation and uridine uptake in a cell culture]. AB - In contrast to the intact EGF, a cyanogen bromide derivative of EGF (EGF-CNBr) does not induce an increase in uridine phosphorylation rate in 3T3 cells, the ability of the EGF-CNBr to stimulate autophosphorylation of the EGF-receptor in A 431 cells being reserved. EGF and EGF-CNBr were used in concentrations promoting their equivalent binding with EGF receptor in both the series of experiments, which was necessary because of a decreased affinity to binding EGF-CNBr. Thus, the EGF-induced receptor autophosphorylation was not enough for uridine kinase activation. The differences between EGF and EGF-CNBr cellular processing made it possible to discuss potential ways of uridine-kinase activity regulation during the early period of stimulation of quiescent cell cultures. PMID- 3500537 TI - [Use of direct current in the early postoperative period for preventing and treating dynamic intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 3500536 TI - [Effect of the local action of decimeter waves on the subpopulation structure of the thymus]. PMID- 3500538 TI - [The immune system and factors of natural resistance in patients with cancer of the stomach]. AB - Parameters of T and B systems of immunity as well as factors of natural resistance were evaluated in gastric cancer patients. A correlation was established between the immunologic indexes, on the one hand, and stage and histological pattern of tumor, on the other. Pattern of growth and site of tumor influenced the immunologic status less significantly. A complex immunologic examination should be performed and clinico-morphological peculiarities of tumor considered for evaluating immunologic status in patients with gastric cancer. PMID- 3500539 TI - Opsonic and physicochemical characteristics of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. AB - The composition and opsonizing activity of five commercially available immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (Venoglobulin I, Venilon, Gammagard, Polyglobin, and Sandoglobulin) were studied. The composition of these preparations does not differ very much as far as total protein, immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass concentrations are concerned. The only exceptions were that Veniglobulin I, Gammagard and Sandoglobulin contain IgA, which might cause side effects in patients with anti-IgA antibodies, Gammagard contains very little IgG4, and Venilon and Polyglobin contain no and almost no IgG3, respectively, which might explain their very low opsonic activity. It was found that Venilon and Gammagard activate complement in the ready-for-infusion state. The opsonic activity of Venoglobulin I, Sandoglobulin and Gammagard is about equal to that of inactivated serum: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli with K antigen, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus group B are well opsonized and E. coli without K antigen and Streptococcus pneumoniae are poorly opsonized. PMID- 3500540 TI - Use of Fab anti-IgG in phenotyping IgG-sensitised red cells. AB - Previously described methods of phenotyping red cells sensitised with IgG using the indirect antiglobulin test required the dissociation of the coating protein. Based on an entirely different principle, Fab fragments of anti-human IgG (Fab anti-IgG) were used to block the antiglobulin binding sites on cell-bound IgG molecules, removing the necessity to dissociate them from the red cell. Fab anti IgG was found to be effective in blocking interfering IgG on in vivo and in vitro IgG-sensitised red cells, permitting successful red cell phenotyping. Strongly IgG-sensitised samples which could not be fully neutralised by chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) or blocked with Fab anti-IgG alone could usually be phenotyped using a combination of both these methods. This new procedure may be of use in immunohaematology laboratories. PMID- 3500541 TI - [Determination of cyclic nucleotides in immunocompetent cells in autoimmune skin lesions]. PMID- 3500543 TI - [Characteristics of the peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen in multiple myeloma patients]. PMID- 3500542 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and function of the T- and B-links of the immunity system of viral hepatitis B patients]. PMID- 3500544 TI - [Immunity of the populations of the USSR and East Germany to reference strains of influenza viruses and the characteristics of a new antigenic variant of the virus]. AB - In 1985, a new epidemic variant of influenza virus, A/Berlin/6/85 (H3N2) was isolated which differed antigenically from the reference A/Philippines/2/82 virus. The results of the study of population immunity in adults and children of the USSR and GDR to these virus variants confirm the data on the continuing drift of virus A (H3N2). PMID- 3500545 TI - [Immunological indices of patients with recurrent herpetic stomatitis]. PMID- 3500546 TI - [Ventricular function in patients with silent myocardial ischemia before and following aortocoronary bypass operation]. AB - In 12 patients with silent myocardial ischemia (fall of the ejection fraction (EF) greater than or equal to 5%, without angina pectoris) and in 15 symptomatic patients with coronary heart disease (fall of the EF during exercise EF greater than or equal to 5%, with angina pectoris), the left ventricular ejection fraction and the diastolic function (Peak Filling Rate, PFR; Time to Peak Filling Rate, TPFR) were evaluated before coronary artery bypass surgery and afterwards by the aid of the Nuclear Stethoscope. Our results showed a slight insignificant improvement in the EF from 60 +/- 8.3 per cent at rest to 66 +/- 7.9 per cent vs. 57 +/- 12 per cent to 62.6 +/- 9 per cent in patients with silent ischemia and in patients with angina pectoris after surgery. In contrast to this the EF increased significantly during exercise both in patients with silent ischemia from 52.0 +/- 15.2 per cent to 70.1 +/- 7.9 per cent and in symptomatic patients after revascularisation from, 49 +/- 11.7 per cent on to 64.2 +/- 8.4 per cent (both p less than 0.0001). There was also a similar significant improvement in the diastolic function, whereby the PFR was enhanced from 2.52 +/- 0.54 EDV/sec to 3.31 +/- 0.87 EDV/sec (p less than 0.02) in patients with silent myocardial ischemia and from 2.55 +/- 0.86 EDV/sec to 3.40 +/- 0.98 EDV/sec (p less than 0.02) in symptomatic patients. The TPFR showed a similar improvement. PMID- 3500547 TI - Cerebellopontine angle tumors. PMID- 3500548 TI - On the assessment of maternal mortality. PMID- 3500549 TI - Women and cancer. PMID- 3500551 TI - [Bile duct diseases and the liver. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and prognosis of secondary cholangiogenic liver damage]. PMID- 3500550 TI - [Cerebrovascular diseases in patients under 50 years of age]. AB - The occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases under the age of 50 years has been analyzed. It has been found that 230 cases of cerebrovascular diseases have been established between 1970 and 1976 in the 7th district of Budapest. With reference to clinical forms transitory cerebral ischemia and thrombosis of the cerebral arteries showed highest frequency. Risk factors were compared to those in patients over the age of 50 years. The matched pair analysis was used to determine relative risk and objective real circumstances. In this analysis the McNemar test was found positive in numerous cases. Based on the results the multifactorial origin was considered responsible of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, and smoking being the most important factors. PMID- 3500552 TI - [Quantitative determination of proteins in the contents of pseudocysts of the maxillary sinus]. AB - The factors C 3c and C 4 of the complement system, the protease inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) as well as the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM in the fluid of cysts of maxillary sinus were determined by means of single radial immunodiffusion. The concentration of these proteins was compared with the concentration in the serum obtained simultaneously. A decrease of C 3c, C 4 and AAT and an increase of IgA and IgG in fluid are indicators of active participation of the mucosa in defence processes. PMID- 3500554 TI - [Incidence of endemic sprue in Berlin (West). A retrospective study based on biopsy findings]. AB - The incidence of celiac disease in Berlin (West) during the years 1979-1984 has been studied retrospectively by investigating the records of the local Pathological Institutes, which examine small intestinal biopsies, for the occurrence of abnormal specimens typical of celiac disease (group 1) or consistent with the diagnosis of celiac disease (group 2). Group 1 exhibited a constant average incidence of 0.74 per 100,000 inhabitants per year, while group 2 showed a small increase between 1979 and 1984, averaging 1.03 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Classified according to age the highest incidence was seen in the 0-5 year-olds, namely 8.04 in group 1 and 10.00 in group 2. For those children born and examined during the period of investigation the values ranged between 15.8 and 64.7 per 100,000 births. Girls, with an average frequency of 1:1919 births were more often affected than boys, who averaged 1:4219 births. These figures obtained in Berlin (West) indicate only the lower ranges of incidences and will have to be further supplemented by a prospective study. PMID- 3500553 TI - [Intestinal liberation and resorption of monosaccharides from carbohydrates of different degrees of polymerization. I. Relation between intestinal hydrolysis of carbohydrates and resorption of monosaccharides]. AB - The study was designed to compare the intestinal absorption of monosaccharides from carbohydrates of different chain length. Furthermore, a correlation between the efficiency of hydrolysis of the polymers and the efficiency of the intestinal absorption was expected to be established. Glucose, the disaccharides maltose and sucrose and the polysaccharides maltodextrin DE 20 , maltodextrin DE 5 and starch were employed as substrates. The whole small intestines of anaesthetized rats were perfused in situ for 60 min with 0.5% solutions of these substrates in an open perfusion system. Initially 3-minute fractions of the perfusion medium, later 10-minute fractions were collected. The parameters determined were: secretion of pancreatic alpha-amylase activity, substrate hydrolysis (by alpha amylase and by disaccharidases of the brush border membrane), intestinal absorption of the monosaccharides. alpha-amylase activity was significantly higher when the perfusion was carried out with starch solution. The possibility is discussed that this high-polymer substrate might stimulate the pancreas to an elevated alpha-amylase secretion. The highest rate of hydrolysis (45 mumol glucose/min) was determined from maltose as a substrate. The cleavage of the high polymer substrates was less intensive. The hydrolysis of starch was limited by the capacity of the alpha-amylase, that of the sucrose by low activity of the saccharose. Absorption of glucose was more effective from the maltose solution than from the glucose solution. To understand this phenomenon, an additional "hydrolases-related transport system" could be taken into consideration. Glucose absorption from maltodextrin DE 20 was less effective than might have been expected from the rate of hydrolysis. This fact might possibly be explained by an inhibitory effect of oligosaccharides of chain length 4-10, contained in relatively high amounts in maltodextrin DE 20. PMID- 3500555 TI - [Noninvasive identification of collateralized myocardium by 201 thallium tomography in vasodilation and redistribution]. AB - Coronary arteriolar vasodilatation may provoke the redistribution of flow to collateral-dependent jeopardized myocardium. To assess the physiologic significance of collateral channels, 80 consecutive postinfarction patients (aged: 58 +/- 8 years) underwent vasodilatation/redistribution thallium-201 tomographic (SPECT) imaging using 0.56 mg dipyridamole/kg body weight. Circumferential profile analysis of redistribution and slow washout in representative left ventricular tomograms provided quantitative evaluation of transient and persistent defects and a separation between a periinfarctional and distant inducible hypoperfusion. Tomographic perfusion data were correlated to subsequent cineangiographic analysis of wall motion and to the extent of collateral circulation between two distinct anatomic perfusion areas, one of which involved the infarct zone. Patients were grouped according to the presence (59%) or absence (41%) of angiographically visible collateral channels to the jeopardized myocardium. In the presence of collaterals, distant reversible defects were larger than in the absence of collaterals (p less than 0.05); the extent of combined periinfarctional and distant redistribution was also larger in collateralized patients (p less than 0.025), whereas the size of the persistent perfusion defect was similar in both groups. In a prospective analysis, the tomographic perfusion pattern of combined periinfarctional and distant ischemia revealed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 78% for the detection of significant collateral circulation in this group of patients. Thus, using the limited collateral flow reserve as a diagnostic tool, vasodilatation/redistribution thallium-201 tomography has some potential for identifying and quantifying collateral-dependent myocardium and may guide diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making. PMID- 3500556 TI - [Cancer of the uterine cervix in Switzerland: spatio-temporal evolution of mortality since 1970]. AB - The analysis considers standardized rates based upon reestimated data. The secular decreasing trend is confirmed in recent years. Intercantonal disparities remain but the geographic distribution of high risks regions has been recently modified. A classification of the cantons by risk level is proposed. PMID- 3500557 TI - [Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in Switzerland--a comparison of a survey and official statistics]. AB - A survey in all neonatal intensive care units in Switzerland showed that most children with a birth weight below 2000 g (identified in the birth statistics) are hospitalised in those units. Also comparison with the official neonatal mortality statistics shows that most neonatal deaths occur in these units. High agreement was found between diagnosis in hospitalised children and those recorded on death certificates. 40% of neonatal mortality in Switzerland are still due to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3500558 TI - [Hospitalization for acute myocardial infarct--an analysis of trends]. AB - Hospitalization trends for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) since 1974 have been analyzed on the basis of the Swiss Hospital Discharge Data Base. There are indications for a reduction of morbidity of AMI for men below 65 years. PMID- 3500559 TI - [Prevalence of diabetes at the time of death in a Swiss hospital: regional differences]. AB - Linked records (n = 12,478) from hospital records and death certificates show important regional differences in the prevalence of diabetes at death in Swiss hospitals (German-speaking area 15.0%, French-speaking area 10.5%, Italian speaking area 10.4%, p less than 0.002). Reasons for these differences are unclear and call for further research. PMID- 3500560 TI - [Transurethral electrostimulation in the therapy of postoperative disorders of bladder emptying following extended hysterectomy]. AB - As a suitable method of the treatment of postoperative voiding disturbance following gynaecological surgery (hysterectomy) the indirect electrostimulation of detrusor vesicae is presented. It is possible with this method to treat the congenital (myelomeningocele) and the obtained (spinal cord dysfunction) but also the disturbances following hysterectomy successfully. In cases with such a hypotonic bladder the stimulation of the bladder wall is made with an intermittent application of exponential current so that sufficient contractions to the voiding will occur after the treatment. PMID- 3500561 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with acute infectious destruction of the lungs in vaccination with a staphylococcal vaccine]. AB - The work presents the results of the study of the immune status in 32 patients with acute infectious destructions of the lungs; of these, 17 patients were immunized with staphylococcal vaccine, which made it possible to achieve a positive clinical effect in 16 patients, thus shortening their sick-leave. The injection of the preparation was shown to increase the number of E-rosette forming cells, "active" E-rosette-forming cells, theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive lymphocytes. PMID- 3500562 TI - A patient with severe aplastic anemia treated with antithymocyte globulin. PMID- 3500563 TI - Influence of physical exercise on large granular lymphocytes, Leu-7 bearing mononuclear cells and natural killer activity in peripheral blood--NK-cell and NK activity after physical exercise. PMID- 3500564 TI - Mobility of lymphatic cells: demonstration of a pediatric case of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with enhanced chemotaxis of leukemic cells. PMID- 3500565 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia presenting pneumonia-like initial symptoms with many leukemia cells in the sputum: report of a case. PMID- 3500566 TI - Factor XIII A-chain in neoplastic proliferation of megakaryoblasts--a comparison with von Willebrand factor antigen. PMID- 3500567 TI - [Immunological analysis in leprosy]. PMID- 3500568 TI - A glioependymal cyst of the cerebellopontine angle. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - Epithelial cysts in the subarachnoid space are infrequently reported and appear to be histogenetically heterogenous. This report describes the gross, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings of an asymptomatic isolated 3-cm epithelial cyst in the cerebellopontine angle. The cyst wall was composed of an inner glial layer with a luminal ependymal lining and an outer fibrous layer with no external lining cells. The lining ependymal cells had vacuoles, bleb-like protrusions, normal and abnormal cilia, and microvilli, the later were sometimes distended and detached into the lumen. They possessed neither pinocytic vesicles nor a basement membrane. The glial layer contained astrocytes, glial bundles and ependymal cells, often in pairs and forming intercellular lumina with cilia and microvilli. Some single and paired ependymal cells contained abnormal cilia and intracytoplasmic lumina. The blood vessels within the glial layer had elongated tight junctions and were fenestrated. The glial layer was demarcated from the outer fibrous layer by a continuous basement membrane. This cyst appears to have originated from a leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopia and may represent a continued proliferative growth rather than degenerative change of the heterotopia. PMID- 3500569 TI - Interaction among two subpopulations of Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo: evidence of a contact mediated immune response. AB - Clonal interaction among two subpopulations of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was studied during in vivo growth in immune competent N/D mice in which the cell lines had been propagated for several years as ascites tumors. A growth inhibitory interaction by a subcutaneously slow growing subpopulation (E1.15) on a fast growing subpopulation (E1.95) was demonstrated only when the cells had contact during solid tumor growth. The effect was dependent on the relative proportion of the suppressing cell line. An identical effect was exerted by radiation killed inhibitor cells. The inhibition was only transient. If the tumor cell lines were grown intraperitoneally as ascites tumors without cellular contact, no interaction was found using flow cytometric DNA analysis to determine alterations in the relative proportions of the cell lines. Ascites from the inhibitor cell line E1.15 had no inhibitory effect on E1.95. Pre-immunization with radiation killed E1.15 cells or simultaneous growth of E1.15 in the opposite flank did not affect the growth of E1.95 significantly. A mononuclear cell infiltrate was found to surround the subcutaneously growing E1.15 tumors in immune competent N/D mice. This was not the case in T-lymphocyte deficient athymic nude mice in which E1.15 grew without delay subcutaneously. It is suggested that the E1.15 cell line was able to elicit a T-lymphocyte immune response only when grown subcutaneously, and that the close contact between E1.15 and E1.95 in mixed tumors would induce a non-specific growth inhibition of E1.95 cells which themselves were not able to induce a T-lymphocyte response. PMID- 3500570 TI - Traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage. AB - The findings of computerized tomography and clinical features were studied in 19 patients with traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage. Blood was found in various portion of the ventricles. Main sites of the blood was as follows: around the foramen of Monro, 6 patients; in the body and occipital horn of the lateral ventricle, 5 patients; solely in the occipital horn, 8 patients. The haemorrhage around the foramen of Monro, resulting from contusion of the ventral portion of the corpus callosum, septum pellucidum, and fornix, showed an interesting CT finding. Intracranial co-existing lesions were seen in 17 patients, and extracranial lesions were seen in 13 patients, suggesting the external force was excessive. Both the Glasgow coma scale scores on admission and Glasgow outcome scale were generally unfavourable, but 4 patients showed good recovery. The final outcome was mainly influenced by the severity of the co-existing intracranial lesions. PMID- 3500571 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of functional T cells in the gut mucosa. PMID- 3500572 TI - Regulatory T cells in the GALT. PMID- 3500573 TI - N-terminal ten amino acid sequence determined for B-cell differentiation factor derived from rabbit breast milk cell supernatant. PMID- 3500574 TI - A novel pre-B cell precursor: phenotypic characterization and differentiation induction by dendritic cell-T cell mixtures. AB - We have derived from spleens of nude mice early B lineage cell lines that are dependent upon factor(s) in supernatants of the WEHI-3B cell line. The cells are phenotypically at the pre-pre-B cell stage of differentiation. These cells are large and have basophilic granules in the cytoplasm. They are negative for cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulin heavy or light chain, surface B220, surface Thy 1.2 and surface Ia but are positive for cytoplasmic B220. These cells at this early stage of maturation can be induced by mixtures of DC-T cells to express B220 on their surfaces and later to synthesize and ultimately to secrete immunoglobulin. These events are associated with morphologic changes in the cells to a lymphoblastoid appearance. Different pattern of immunoglobulin secretion were induced by DC-T from different tissues. The inductive event appears to occur during cell contact of pre-pre-B cells with the inducing DC-T cell mixture, but it does not appear to require IL-3. These data indicate that DC-T cell mixtures can provide signals for B cell differentiation at pre-pre-B cell stage as well as pre-B and mature B cell stage. PMID- 3500575 TI - Antigen presentation by gut epithelial cells: secretion by rat enterocytes of a factor with IL-1-like activity. PMID- 3500576 TI - Chemotaxis as a mechanism for recruitment of mucosal plasma cell precursors. PMID- 3500577 TI - Subclass distribution of IgG- and IgA-producing cells in secretory tissues and alterations related to gut diseases. PMID- 3500578 TI - Antigen-induced gastrin release: an immunologic mechanism of gastric antral mucosa. PMID- 3500579 TI - Discordance between IgA B cell precursors and the secretion of IgA antibody to bacterial polysaccharides. PMID- 3500580 TI - Cytotoxic lymphocytes in human intestinal mucosa. PMID- 3500581 TI - T cell-driven appearance of mononuclear cells, mast cells and goblet cells in the respiratory tract. PMID- 3500582 TI - Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae by mouse lung lymphocytes. PMID- 3500583 TI - Gut injury in mouse graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). PMID- 3500584 TI - Impairment of IgA expression and cell mediated immunity observed on Peyer's patches of protein-depleted rats at weaning and then fed on 20% casein. PMID- 3500585 TI - Isolation and enumeration of isotype specific plaque forming cells from the murine intestine to study the development of the intestinal B cell background response. PMID- 3500587 TI - [Smoking habits of 12-to-16-year-old students in the Hohenmolsen District. 1. Prevalence of current smokers]. PMID- 3500586 TI - Autoreactive T cells regulating B cell growth and differentiation in murine Peyer's patches. PMID- 3500588 TI - Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the elderly: a record of 92 patients in a joint geriatric/surgical unit. AB - Ninety-two consecutive elderly patients suffering from acute gastrointestinal bleeding were studied over a 3-year period. All were admitted to a specially designated Geriatric/Surgical Ward under the care of consultant physicians in geriatric medicine. The nurses were trained to look after acute surgical and geriatric patients. Patients were aged between 65 and 93 years. All were managed jointly by the surgeons and physicians. Only 13 needed emergency surgery which was preceded by urgent endoscopy. The rest were managed conservatively with intravenous cimetidine and blood transfusions as required. The overall mortality was low at 5.4%. It is concluded that in a series of elderly patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding the mortality was not high in a unit where the management was conservative and there was joint care between geriatricians and surgeons. PMID- 3500589 TI - Disease modifying activity of HWA 486 in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. AB - HWA 486 was investigated for its ability to modify the development of adjuvant induced polyarthritis in Lewis rats. HWA 486 (20 mg/kg/day p.o.), dosed for 8 or 16 days beginning with the day of adjuvant administration, significantly reduced edema, fibrinogen levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) 42 days later. When HWA 486 (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and cyclosporin A (CsA 15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were tested in the 8-day treatment regimen, the antiarthritic effects of HWA 486 were more sustained. Both compounds reduced the delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) response on day 9 followed by a rebound to an enhanced DTH response on day 21. The PHA-induced mitogenic response of splenocytes from arthritic rats was suppressed on day 9. Treatment with HWA 486 but not CsA restored the splenocyte response to the level of the negative controls. PMID- 3500590 TI - Pharmacological properties of N-methoxy-3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene) 2-pyrrolidone (E-5110), a novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent. AB - The antiinflammatory activity of a novel pyrrolidone derivative E-5110 was investigated using anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic animal models in comparison to indomethacin (IND) and piroxicam (PIR). The acute antiinflammatory activity of E-5110 on carrageenin paw edema was similar to IND, and half of PIR. E-5110 inhibited the pleural exudate volume and leucocyte infiltration in a reversed passive Arthus reaction more potent than IND. The chronic inflammatory responses in the established adjuvant- and type II collagen-induced arthritis were suppressed by E-5110 similar to IND and PIR. The analgesic potency of E-5110 was similar to IND and PIR, but the antipyretic activity of E-5110 was more potent than that of IND, and slightly more potent than that of PIR. The ulcerogenic effect of E-5110 on rat gastric mucosa was less than that of the reference drugs. PMID- 3500591 TI - Correlation between binding activity, inhibition of lymphoblastic transformation and metabolism of tixocortol 21 pivalate in mouse thymocytes. PMID- 3500592 TI - Acute lung inflammation in rats induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). AB - Intratracheal administration of PMA produces acute lung injury in part due to the generation of O2-derived free radicals. This study evaluated the role of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PMA-induced lung injury in the rat. PMA was instilled into rats intratracheally (20-60 micrograms/kg), and the lungs were lavaged 4 hr later. Total number of cells recovered from lavage after PMA treatment was not different from the total number recovered from controls; lavagable PMNs increased in a dose-dependent manner. Albumin in lavage fluid (an index of lung vascular permeability) was significantly increased at 60 micrograms/kg PMA. SOD (10,000 U) + PMA (60 micrograms/kg) reduced the albumin level but significantly increased both total number of cells and number of PMNs recovered from lavage fluid. To investigate the possibility that SOD decreases the ability of PMNs to adhere, PMN aggregation was measured in vitro. The results indicated that 10,000 U SOD can inhibit PMA-induced aggregation by 50%. In contrast, aggregation to other stimuli (e.g., fMet-Leu-Phe, A23187) was unaffected by SOD. We conclude SOD prevents PMA-induced lung permeability and diminishes PMN adherence. PMID- 3500593 TI - Chemotactic activity of recombinant human interleukin-1. PMID- 3500594 TI - Effect of antiinflammatory drugs on human interleukin-1-induced cartilage degradation. AB - Human monocyte IL-1 stimulated the release of proteoglycans from cartilage in organ culture in a concentration-related manner. This stimulation required protein synthesis as shown by inhibition with cycloheximide. The metal chelator, 1,10-phenanthroline, inhibited breakdown, suggesting the involvement of a metalloproteinase. Various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (100 microM), and the corticosteroids, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone (1-10 microM), were not effective in blocking proteoglycan release. Of the disease modifying agents tested, levamisole was ineffective while the antimalarials, chloroquine (100 microM) and hydroxychloroquine (100 microM), inhibited the action of IL-1. The free-radical inhibitor SOD (5000 U/ml but not 1000 U/ml) was effective while catalase (8000 U/ml) was not. The protective effects of SOD and the antimalarials suggest that oxygen reactive species may play a role, while lack of inhibition with NSAIDs and corticosteroids indicate that arachidonic acid metabolites may not be important in this degradative process. PMID- 3500595 TI - Effects of antiinflammatory drugs on the release from porcine synovial tissue in vitro of interleukin 1 like cartilage degrading activity. AB - The effects were studied of antiinflammatory drugs possessing inhibitory effects on (a) cyclooxygenase (CO), (b) cyclooxygenase plus 5-lipoxygenase (CO-LO), (c) 5 lipoxygenase (5-LO) and (d) phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities, for their actions on the release from porcine synovial tissue in culture of cartilage-degrading ("catabolin" or interleukin-1 like) activity (= CDA). CDA was reduced by CO inhibitors, enhanced by CO-LO and PLA2 inhibitors, and unaffected by 5-LO inhibitors. These results suggest that (a) antiinflammatory drugs may affect synovial production of CDA ascribable to IL-1, according to their properties as inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism, and (b) products of arachidonic acid metabolism may influence production of synovial CDA. PMID- 3500596 TI - Catabolin/interleukin-1 regulation of cartilage and chondrocyte metabolism. AB - Catabolin/interleukin-1 effects on metabolism were studied in bovine nasal cartilage organ culture and articular chondrocyte cell culture. Keratan sulfate (KS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were determined by an ELISA; prostaglandin E2 by RIA, sulfated glycosaminoglycan using dimethylmethylene blue and proliferation by incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Gel filtration of untreated 4-day organ culture media indicated that large sulfated and KS-containing proteoglycans were released and eluted in the void volume. Catabolin/interleukin-1 increased release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and these were of lower molecular weight with an altered distribution of KS. Catabolin/interleukin-1 treatment of chondrocytes caused a decrease in KS production and proliferation but an increase in HA and in prostaglanding E2 production. Alterations of the chondrocyte metabolism by catabolin/interleukin-1 causing proteoglycan matrix degradation and modulation of chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and proliferation may play a role in cartilage erosion and failure to repair in arthritic diseases. PMID- 3500598 TI - [Effect of corticosteroid on IL-2 production from spleen cells of mice with corneas infected by herpes simplex virus]. PMID- 3500597 TI - Effect of antiarthritic drugs on the enhanced interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by macrophages from adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) rats. AB - The effect of antiarthritic drugs on hindpaw edema and enhanced IL-1 production by macrophages from adjuvant arthritic (AA) rats was determined. Hindpaw edema was inhibited by indomethacin (INDO), methotrexate (MTX) or prednisolone (PRED) but not by D-penicillamine (D-PEN) or chloroquine (CQ). IL-1 production by splenic adherent cells was decreased by MTX and PRED; whereas, IL-1 production by peritoneal exudate cells was decreased by PRED, INDO and D-PEN. This normalization in IL-1 production is not caused by a direct inhibition of IL-1 production by the drugs but most likely reflects clinical improvement in the disease. Whether reduction in IL-1 levels provides a more meaningful parameter than paw edema for assessing clinical efficacy of disease-modifying drugs remains to be determined. PMID- 3500599 TI - Health technology assessment: problems and challenges. AB - From a national perspective, the central prerequisite of the proper application of medical technology is the timely determination of efficacy, cost, safety, and societal impact. This applies to both the introduction of the new methods and the retirement of older methods that may have outlived their usefulness. Within that framework, the rapid diffusion of innovative methods of great value must be balanced against the cost of premature enthusiasm for techniques with little or no incremental diagnostic or therapeutic gain. A nongovernmental Council on Health Care Technology Assessment of the Institute of Medicine-National Academy of Sciences was established by the Congress in 1986. The Council was charged to serve as an information clearing-house, a center to promote research and education, and a stimulus to establish better methods of assessment and more prompt identification of potentially important technologies. It represents virtually all of the constituencies concerned with adequate evaluation of new and existing methods. The Council confronts the critical problems of timing, bias, the quality of primary data collection, new methods of secondary data analysis, the nature of the "laboratory" in which technology assessment is best accomplished, the "exploitative" character of technology assessment research, appropriate diffusion, and ethnical issues. The appropriate use of technology in modern health care depends on the resolution of these issues. PMID- 3500600 TI - Value of medium-thickness CT in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. AB - The usefulness of CT with 4-mm-thickness cuts at 5-mm intervals in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis was studied by comparing the results of CT with those of bronchography in 323 segmental bronchi in 20 patients. No bronchiectasis was found on either study in 222 segmental bronchi. Of the 101 segmental bronchi showing bronchiectasis on bronchography, CT correctly identified bronchiectasis in 98 segments (97%). Bronchography showed cystic bronchiectasis in 35 and varicose bronchiectasis in 14 segmental bronchi, all of which were correctly identified on CT. Of the 52 segmental bronchi showing cylindrical bronchiectasis on bronchography, CT correctly identified these changes in 49 segments but failed to detect it in three. The presence of interstitial lung disease with emphysema and very localized mild bronchiectasis in one case each made the identification of cylindrical bronchiectasis difficult and caused the false-negative results. When bronchography is used as the criterion, CT with medium-thickness cuts and medium slice intervals appears to be 100% specific for all types of bronchiectasis, 100% sensitive for cystic and varicose bronchiectasis, and 94% sensitive for cylindrical bronchiectasis. PMID- 3500601 TI - Reduced-price mammography screening. PMID- 3500602 TI - Contrast optimization for the detection of focal hepatic lesions by MR imaging at 1.5 T. AB - The relative efficacies of different spin-echo pulse sequences at 1.5 T were evaluated in the detection of focal hepatic disease. Pulse sequences compared were spin-echo with a repetition time (TR) of 200 msec and echo time (TE) of 20 msec, with six excitations; TR = 300 msec, TE = 20 msec, with 16 excitations (T1 weighted sequences); and a double spin-echo with TR = 2500 and TE = 25 and 70, with two excitations (proton-density-weighted and T2-weighted pulse sequences, respectively). Respiratory-motion compensation, which involved a recording of the phase-encoding gradients (Exorcist), was used for the last two sequences. Spin echo with TR = 2500 msec and TE = 70 msec was superior in lesion detection and contrast-to-noise ratio. The proton-density-weighted and T2-weighted sequences with respiratory compensation produced better artifact suppression than did the short TR, short TE T1-weighted sequence with temporal averaging. In contradistinction to prior results at 0.6 T, T2-weighted pulse sequences appear superior to T1-weighted pulse sequences with multiple excitations for both lesion detection and artifact suppression at 1.5 T. PMID- 3500603 TI - Hemangioma of the liver: heterogeneous appearance on T2-weighted images. AB - We reviewed the gross photographs of 19 patients with hemangioma of the liver. On cut sections, all 19 tumors were inhomogeneous. In 17 cases (89%) there were areas of predominantly central fibrosis. Lobulations were present in 10 cases (53%). Areas of thrombosis (nine cases), calcification (four cases), and hemorrhage (four cases) were also present. We also reviewed 15 hemangiomas of the liver in 12 patients studied by MR imaging. Gross photographs and MR scans were available in three hemangiomas, thus allowing direct radiologic-pathologic correlation. Twelve (80%) of the hemangiomas were inhomogeneous on T2-weighted images and three (20%) were homogeneous. Other characteristics were sharp margins in all 15 cases (100%), lobulations in 11 cases (73%), peripheral location in 10 cases (67%), and internal septations in four cases (27%). We concluded that (1) hemangiomas of the liver are frequently inhomogeneous on cut sections; (2) heterogeneity in T2 images is commonly seen and should not exclude hemangioma; and (3) other signs, such as sharp margins, lobulated contour, and peripheral location, may be helpful in the MR diagnosis of hemangioma of the liver. PMID- 3500604 TI - Emphysematous cholecystitis presenting with pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 3500605 TI - Right lower quadrant pain in the immunocompromised patient: CT findings in 10 cases. AB - Ten immunosuppressed patients with right lower quadrant pain were examined by CT. Underlying conditions responsible for immunosuppression included acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 2), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), aplastic anemia (n = 2), AIDS (n = 3), and cystic fibrosis combined with prolonged steroid therapy for bronchospasm (n = 1). CT suggested the diagnosis of typhlitis (n = 7), intramural hemorrhage (n = 1), ileal perforation (n = 1), and appendiceal abscess (n = 1). The diagnosis of typhlitis was established by clinical evaluation in five patients, by colonoscopy in one patient, and by autopsy in another patient. The single cases of intestinal hemorrhage, ileal perforation, and appendiceal abscess were confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. It is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions in the immunosuppressed patient. Symptoms and physical findings are often suppressed as a result of steroid or immunosuppressive therapy. CT, being noninvasive, is useful in the evaluation of persistent right lower quadrant pain in the immunocompromised patient. PMID- 3500606 TI - Renovascular hypertension caused by compression of the renal artery by the diaphragmatic crus. PMID- 3500607 TI - Bilateral ureteral obstruction caused by a Foley balloon in a patient with a contracted bladder. PMID- 3500608 TI - Osteosarcoma: relation between extent of marrow infiltration on CT and frequency of lung metastases. AB - Thirty-seven patients with osteosarcoma were evaluated by CT of both the involved bone and the lungs. The ratio of the extent (E) of the involved marrow segment to the length (L) of involved bone (E/L) was correlated with the presence and subsequent development of pulmonary metastases. The marrow was evaluated by CT for the presence of tumor by measuring mean attenuation coefficients on serial axial scans. Three patient groups were identified: group 1 consisted of seven patients with lung metastases at presentation (mean E/L = 61%), group 2 consisted of 10 patients who developed lung metastases or recurrent tumor either during or after chemotherapy (mean E/L = 39%), and group 3 consisted of 20 patients who completed therapy and remained disease-free (mean E/L = 28%). All patients received chemotherapy in addition to surgical resection except for two patients in group 1. No patient with an E/L ratio greater than 50% remained disease-free for more than 14 months after the initial diagnosis. Fifty percent or greater involvement of the marrow cavity thus carries a particularly poor prognosis, and its absence or presence can be used as a significant prognostic aid in osteosarcoma. PMID- 3500609 TI - Tumorlike tuberculous granulomas of bone. PMID- 3500610 TI - Pyogenic sacroiliitis in i.v. drug abusers. AB - We evaluated the sensitivity of imaging studies in six IV drug abusers who had back pain from pyogenic sacroiliitis. Initial radiographs of the sacroiliac joints showed bone destruction in two. A third had slight joint narrowing and sclerosis resembling degenerative disease. Radiographs were considered normal in three. Two of the patients with initially normal radiographs subsequently showed loss of cortices on follow-up studies within 2 weeks. All of the patients had increased activity on scintigrams (five were obtained with technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate; one was with gallium). The findings suggest that scintigraphy is useful in the detection of pyogenic sacroiliitis in IV drug abusers when plain films are normal. PMID- 3500611 TI - Flat chest in chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - In patients with chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the anteroposterior dimension of the chest on the lateral radiograph is often relatively narrow compared with the chest width on the frontal radiograph. A prospective comparison was made of pediatric clinic outpatients who had chest radiography during a 1 month period. Chest widths and thicknesses were measured from the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, respectively, and a dimensionless ratio of width to thickness was calculated. The chest thus measured was significantly flatter (p less than 10(-6] in 18 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia than it was in 128 unaffected patients and in 18 unaffected age-matched patients; there was, however, considerable overlap in chest dimensions between patients with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We speculate that the abnormality results from a combination of demineralized bones, prolonged recumbent positioning, and chronic sternal retraction. It is plausible, but remains to be proved, that this chest wall deformity may be clinically deleterious because it interferes with respiratory mechanics. This prospective comparison of patients with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia shows that despite considerable overlap in chest dimensions, patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia tend to have a distinctive chest deformity whose measured difference from control patients is statistically significant. PMID- 3500612 TI - Intratracheal thymus: a rare cause of airway obstruction. PMID- 3500613 TI - MR imaging in clinically suspected brachial plexus tumor. AB - We performed MR studies on 47 patients who were suspected of having brachial plexus involvement with tumor. Twenty-two of these patients had signs and symptoms suggesting brachial plexus tumor; 25 had known tumors that were juxtaposed to the brachial plexus but that could easily extend into the brachial plexus. These patients had no signs or symptoms. Using a 1.5-T clinical imaging system, we obtained single echo (T1- and T2-weighted) or double-echo (intermediate-weighted and T2-weighted) images in the coronal plane and supplemented these by images in the axial or sagittal planes. MR imaging encompassed the entire brachial plexus including roots, trunks, and cords. The imager body coil and a variety of surface coils were used for signal reception. MR findings were confirmed by surgery (n = 12) or response to radiation therapy on follow-up imaging (n = 3) in cases in which there was tumor involving the brachial plexus and by surgery (n = 9) or follow-up (n = 23) in cases in which there was no brachial plexus tumor. MR correctly identified all 15 cases of tumor involving the brachial plexus in patients with suggestive signs and symptoms; MR also correctly showed no tumor involvement in seven patients who had suggestive signs and symptoms. In 25 patients with no neurologic signs or symptoms, MR correctly identified tumor outside the brachial plexus that did not involve the brachial plexus. This study indicates that MR may have substantial clinical utility in evaluating patients for suspected brachial plexus tumor, particularly in patients with suggestive neurologic signs and symptoms. PMID- 3500614 TI - Hemorrhagic neoplasms: MR mimics of occult vascular malformations. AB - The MR scans of 24 patients who had findings previously reported to be characteristic of occult cerebral vascular malformations were reviewed to demonstrate that such findings may also occur in primary or secondary neoplasms. Eighteen of the 24 patients were found to have hemorrhagic neoplasms. Additional criteria, such as multiplicity of lesions and the presence of edema, were of some help in differentiating between occult vascular malformation and hemorrhagic neoplasm. In certain cases, CT was necessary to provide further information, such as the presence of calcification; however, an absolute and accurate diagnosis was impossible in several cases. The striking similarity on MR between cryptic vascular malformation and some hemorrhagic neoplasms is most likely due to the unifying mechanisms that underlie the evolution of extravascular intracerebral blood. Although the preponderance of neoplastic etiologies in our series may be partly due to the strong bias in our sample population toward patients with tumors, it seems clear that when an MR scan discloses findings "typical" of an occult vascular malformation, consideration must also be given to the generally more serious possibility of underlying neoplasm. PMID- 3500615 TI - Temporal-lobe epilepsy: comparison of CT and MR imaging. AB - In 50 patients with temporal-lobe epilepsy, CT and MR findings were compared. Axial CT scans were obtained before and after administration of contrast material. Coronal MR imaging was carried out with two spin-echo (SE) sequences with a repetition time of 1600 msec and echo times of 35 or 70 msec (SE 1600/35, SE 1600/70). A focal lesion was detected by CT in 12 cases and by MR in 16 cases. If discrete attenuation or signal abnormalities are also taken into account, CT provided a positive finding in 13 cases and MR imaging in 20 cases. With the exception of a small calcification, all the lesions revealed on the CT scans were also detected on the MR images. Among the examinations assessable for temporal lobe asymmetry, signs of a unilateral reduction in temporal-lobe size were seen on two of 35 CT scans and on 15 of 38 MR images. In three patients who had temporal-lobe resection, a subsequent comparison was made between CT, MR imaging, and pathology. Histologically proven glial reactions that could not be detected on CT were demonstrated as high-signal-intensity lesions on the SE 1600/70 image. We conclude that MR scanning, with its higher sensitivity, superior image quality, and ability of multiplanar imaging, should be the imaging technique of choice in the diagnosis of temporal-lobe epilepsy. PMID- 3500616 TI - The role of MR imaging in evaluating metastatic spinal disease. AB - Fifty-eight patients with suspected epidural metastases were evaluated with MR imaging. Six patients were examined on two separate occasions. MR was judged to be diagnostic in 60 of the 64 examinations. Twenty-two patients also underwent myelography. MR was as diagnostic as myelography in all cases of epidural metastases. In addition, MR offered several advantages over myelography in the evaluation of metastatic spinal disease, including demonstration of paravertebral tumor extension, identification of additional osseous metastatic lesions, and visualization of areas of spinal cord compression occurring between areas of myelographic blocks. We conclude that MR imaging is the examination of choice for evaluating suspected metastatic spinal disease. PMID- 3500617 TI - MR imaging of spinal epidural sepsis. AB - Four patients with spinal epidural sepsis were evaluated with MR imaging. The lesions were best visualized with spin-echo techniques with long repetition (2000 msec) and long echo (80-100 msec) times. Sagittal and axial images were equally important in defining the extent of the lesions. Comparison with available contrast-enhanced CT scans showed that MR was more definitive in the early demonstration of the abscesses. This early recognition influenced the management greatly and improved the clinical outcome significantly. The findings in our four cases support previous reports that MR is superior to other imaging methods for early recognition and anatomic localization of infectious diseases in patients suspected of having either spinal osteomyelitis or spinal epidural sepsis. PMID- 3500618 TI - Actinomycosis: CT findings in six patients. AB - Actinomycosis is an uncommon disease with clinical and radiographic findings that overlap those of other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. A retrospective review of CT scans in six proved cases revealed a spectrum of findings, including soft-tissue mass with various degrees of infiltration and abscess formation. Administration of IV contrast material was helpful in defining the loculations of the abscess in two cases. Areas of involvement included the neck (two cases), liver (one case), abdominal wall (one case), thorax (one case) and kidney and retroperitoneum (one case). CT findings of a soft-tissue mass in the neck, lungs, or abdomen, with or without a draining sinus or fistula, raise the possibility of actinomycosis in patients with clinical findings that suggest a subacute or chronic inflammatory process. PMID- 3500619 TI - Increased salivary gland density on contrast-enhanced CT after head and neck radiation. AB - In an attempt to determine whether radiation therapy leads to an increased density of salivary glands on subsequent contrast-enhanced CT, 109 CT scans from 78 patients with head and neck tumors were reviewed. The density of parotid and submandibular glands was subjectively evaluated (compared with adjacent muscle) and correlated with treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Density of the parotid and/or submandibular glands was found to be significantly associated with previous irradiation on contrast-enhanced scans (p less than .05). One or both glands were denser than normal in seven (44%) of 16 patients who received only radiation therapy and in eight (38%) of 21 who received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, compared with only two (10%) of 20 patients who received chemotherapy alone and two (4%) of 52 patients who received neither. The type or amount of irradiation, type of chemotherapy, or timing of the CT scan after the initiation of treatment was not found to be significant. We conclude that the density of the parotid and/or submandibular glands on contrast-enhanced CT is frequently increased after radiation therapy for tumors of the head and neck. PMID- 3500620 TI - Puerperal ovarian vein thrombosis: MR diagnosis. PMID- 3500621 TI - Treatment of false aneurysm by using a detachable balloon. PMID- 3500623 TI - Book reviews become publication reviews. PMID- 3500624 TI - Does heating lidocaine decrease the pain of injection? PMID- 3500622 TI - A coherent biochemical basis for increased reactivity to contrast material in allergic patients: a novel concept. AB - Bradykinin, the end product of activation of the plasma contact system, may play a significant role in reactions to contrast material and in other forms of anaphylactoid and anaphylactic responses to drugs or antigens. Activation of factor XII initiates activity in the plasma contact system, and we have identified factors (negatively charged surfaces) present in elevated concentrations in the plasma of patients who are asthmatic or allergic that can "prime" their plasma for the initiation and/or potentiation of factor XII activation. In other studies, we have shown that persons who react to contrast material and persons who are asthmatic or allergic share both a potential for accelerated contact system activity and evidence of an increased mean concentration of low-level contact system products. Recently, we have found that contrast media can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, the substance that hydrolyzes bradykinin and limits its systemic effects. Thus, a number of factors suggest that it is the potential for increased production of bradykinin in persons who are allergic or asthmatic that may account for the greatly increased susceptibility of these patients to contrast material. This susceptibility may be critically triggered by the contrast media-induced inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme. In view of these findings, the possibility exists that most, if not all, significant reactions to contrast material require an underlying allergic diathesis that may, or may not, be apparent by history and conventional diagnostic testing. PMID- 3500625 TI - Women in academic radiology. PMID- 3500626 TI - Distribution of IgG subclass antibodies anti-ENA (extractable nuclear antigens) in systemic rheumatic diseases. AB - The subclass distribution of anti-ENA antibodies was investigated in the serum of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, using an ELISA technique. All the sera studied were previously detected positive for anti-ENA antibodies by other technique (gel precipitation). The patients were classified according to the enzymatic sensitivity of the antigen against the antibodies. There was no subclass restriction for antibodies against Ribonuclease-sensitive ENA antigen or other ENA antigens. Progressive studies showed that a single pattern of subclass distribution for each serum was maintained. PMID- 3500627 TI - Single-dose therapy for genitourinary infections. AB - Single-dose therapy for selected genitourinary tract infections is an effective alternative to multiple-dose regimens. Candidal vulvovaginitis and trichomonal vaginitis may be routinely treated with single-dose regimens. With acute cystitis, candidates for single-dose therapy include patients who have a short duration of symptoms and are likely to comply with follow-up. PMID- 3500628 TI - Catecholamine metabolism during pacing-induced angina pectoris and the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - The arterial levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were estimated in 14 patients with severe coronary artery disease in order to assess the catecholamine metabolism during pacing-induced angina pectoris and to evaluate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Arterial levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly during pacing to angina pectoris (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively), indicating that maximal atrial pacing induced an increase in sympathetic tone. At the corresponding pacing rate during TENS, myocardial lactate production was improved (p less than 0.01) and the ST segment depression was less pronounced (p less than 0.05). The maximal pacing rate during TENS was 141 +/- 24 compared to 123 +/- 19 (p less than 0.01) and the heart rate-blood pressure product was also significantly higher (p less than 0.01), suggesting an elevation of the anginal threshold by TENS. Systemic vascular resistance and systolic blood pressure were significantly reduced (both p less than 0.01). These beneficial results may be caused by a decrease in left ventricular afterload as reflected by a fall in systolic blood pressure and may be explained by reduced sympathetic activity. TENS may decrease the sympathetic activity either directly or indirectly as a consequence of pain inhibition. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that arterial levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine dropped during TENS in TENS responders. PMID- 3500629 TI - Beneficial effect of nitrates on myocardial glucose utilization in unstable angina pectoris. AB - Myocardial uptake of the glucose analog F-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was assessed by positron emission tomography in 6 normal volunteers, 7 patients with chronic stable angina and 22 patients with unstable angina at rest in fasting conditions. Regional myocardial perfusion was assessed by rubidium-82. The study was repeated a few days later after intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate. FDG uptake was similar in control subjects and patients with stable angina (0.023 +/- 0.032 vs 0.012 +/- 0.008 mol/ml/min, p less than 0.42) but was about 4-fold higher on the average in patients with unstable angina (0.084 +/- 0.047, p less than 0.01). The severity of coronary obstructions in stable and unstable angina patients was similar. The increased uptake involved the whole heart, including areas not distal to critically stenosed vessels; it was not associated with reduced myocardial perfusion and was not related to a recent episode of transient ischemia as assessed by symptoms and by Holter monitoring. After continuous infusion of nitrates, FDG uptake was consistently and significantly reduced toward normal levels both in areas perfused by critically stenosed coronary arteries and by noncritically stenosed vessels. PMID- 3500630 TI - Changes in total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3500631 TI - Heart rate after coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 3500632 TI - Gastrointestinal lymphomas. Immunohistologic study of 23 cases. AB - Twenty-three primary gastrointestinal lymphomas were studied morphologically and immunologically on fresh frozen tissue, and on cell suspension for 16 of them. Polyclonal antibodies reactive with immunoglobulin chains and a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies reactive with B- and T-cells, histiocytes, and epithelial cells were used. According to the Working Formulation, 5 cases were low grade, 12 intermediate grade, and 5 high grade; 1 case was an extramedullary plasmocytoma. Forty-seven percent were large cell lymphomas and 13% follicular lymphomas. There were 20 (86%) B-cell lymphomas and 2 T-cell lymphomas; one case lacked detectable markers for B-, T-, or histiocytic cells. Monoclonality was demonstrated in 13 out of the 20 B-cell lymphomas, whereas the other 7 expressed pan-B antigens. It is concluded that immunologic studies on frozen surgical material are of precise diagnostic value in gastrointestinal lymphomas, whereas fixed endoscopic biopsies only permit the distinction between lymphomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. PMID- 3500633 TI - An unusual B-cell lymphoma simulating hairy cell leukemia. AB - The authors report an unusual B-cell lymphoma that simulated hairy cell leukemia (HCL) not only clinically but also pathologically in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node specimens. A diagnosis of lymphoma could be made only after pathologic examination of the spleen, indicating that caution should be exercised in making a primary diagnosis of HCL on bone marrow examination. Morphologically this lymphoma resembled monocytoid B-cell lymphoma (MBCL) but the immunophenotype (monoclonal Ig-kappa +, Ia+, B4+, Leu-1+, LN-2+, lambda-, Bl-, LN 1- and CALLA-) and clinical findings were more consistent with mantle zone lymphoma (MZL). Because this case demonstrates features of both MBCL and MZL, the authors suggest that these two entities may have a common histogenesis. PMID- 3500634 TI - Associations between occlusal characteristics and signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction in children and young adults. AB - Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,342 subjects 6 to 17 years of age and analyzed for the prevalence of (1) specific types of occlusion, and (2) subjective symptoms and clinical signs of TMJ dysfunction. The results, as they pertained to occlusion and clinical signs, were as follows: functional shift was negatively associated with TMJ and muscle tenderness; open bite was positively associated with TMJ and muscle tenderness; excessive or negative overjets were more likely to have joint tenderness; older subjects with a cusp-to-cusp or a Class II molar relationship were more likely to experience TMJ and muscle tenderness, and restricted opening; and buccal crossbites had a significantly higher prevalence of joint sounds in older children. Results pertaining to occlusion and subjective symptoms were as follows: Class II molar relationship was positively associated with joint noise in the 6 to 8 and 15 to 17-year age groups; and subjects with negative overjet were more likely to report joint noise. Our conclusions were that (1) statistical associations exist between certain features of occlusion and TMJ signs/symptoms, and (2) such associations are greater in the older groups tested. PMID- 3500635 TI - Cerebellar structure in autism. AB - Several recent reports suggest cerebellar abnormalities in patients with autism. To further investigate the posterior fossa in vivo, we analyzed axial (transverse) and coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of autistic patients. The MRI scans were measured at life-size by planimetry. Axial MRI scans of "high level" autistic patients were compared with control scans; there were no differences in the fourth ventricles, vermes, cerebella, and cerebellar-pontine "complexes" between the groups. Coronal MRI scans were also studied. In the coronal scans, the cerebella of autistic patients were proportionally smaller and the fourth ventricles proportionally larger. This suggests that there are morphologic changes in cerebella of autistic children; such alteration may best be viewed in the MRI coronal plane. PMID- 3500637 TI - Portal vein thrombosis following combined endoscopic variceal sclerosis and vasopressin therapy for bleeding varices. AB - We report the occurrence of acute portal vein thrombosis in three patients undergoing endoscopic variceal sclerosis (EVS) for bleeding esophageal varices. All patients received intravenous vasopressin in close proximity to or at the time of EVS. By increasing flow of sclerosant caudally into gastric veins during EVS, vasopressin may predispose to retrograde propagation of thrombus into the portal venous system. Combined use of vasopressin and EVS for treatment of bleeding esophageal varices should be undertaken with caution. PMID- 3500636 TI - Activation of coagulation in cirrhotics after endoscopic variceal schlerotherapy. AB - To investigate the occurrence and extent of activation of coagulation after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS), we performed serial measurements of conventional coagulation tests [prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelets, and fibrinogen], and of plasma fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in 39 cirrhotic patients undergoing 55 sessions of elective EVS. Thrombin (20 U/ml) and sodium morrhuate 5% were used in sequence as sclerosants on 34 occasions. In the remaining 21 sessions, sodium morrhuate 5% alone was used. Conventional coagulation tests did not change significantly after EVS, regardless of the type of treatment. Basal plasma FPA levels were abnormally high in about 50% of patients. After EVS, plasma FPA increased sharply in 37/39 patients (95%), returning to baseline values in most of them within 24 h. We conclude that transient systemic activation of blood coagulation occurs after EVS. Such activation can be detected only by sensitive methods such as FPA assay, and has no effect on conventional coagulation tests. This, and the absence of any clinical EVS-related coagulation disorder in our patients, suggests that activation of coagulation should not be a major concern for patients undergoing EVS. PMID- 3500638 TI - The prevalence of childhood sexual assault. The Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project. AB - This study reports childhood sexual assault data collected as part of a community based population study on mental health. A household sample, stratified by catchment area, was selected using a two-stage probability technique. A total of 3,132 adults (18 years or older) were interviewed between January 1983 and August 1984. The sample was 46% Hispanic and 42% non-Hispanic white, 47% male and 53% female. Childhood sexual assault was defined as incidents before age 16 years which involved pressure or force for sexual contact. The prevalence (weighted for sampling design and nonresponse) of childhood sexual assault for the total sample was 5.3%. Rates were higher for non-Hispanic whites (8.7%) compared with Hispanics (3.0%), women (6.8%) compared with men (3.8%), and younger persons at the time of interview (6.5%) compared with older persons (3.9%). Most assaults were by an acquaintance and occurred for the first time around age 10 years. Data from a subsample of assaulted respondents show that childhood sexual assaults are not usually accomplished through physical aggression, but rather through persuasion, and through the psychological threat of the assailant being bigger or stronger. Research is needed on the natural history and sequelae of childhood sexual assault. PMID- 3500639 TI - The prevalence of adult sexual assault. The Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project. AB - Data were collected as a supplement to the Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area project, one of five field sites of a National Institute of Mental Health initiated program. The authors used a two-stage probability sampling technique to interview 3,132 Los Angeles residents of two mental health catchment areas during the period January 1983-August 1984. Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites were about equally represented in the sample, as were males and females. Respondents were asked, "In your lifetime has anyone ever tried to pressure or force you to have sexual contact? By sexual contact I mean their touching your sexual parts, your touching their sexual parts, or sexual intercourse?" Persons who reported an assault were asked additional questions, including information about the most recent assault. Lifetime prevalence of sexual assault during adulthood (at or after age 16 years) was estimated at 10.5% for the entire sample. Women, non Hispanic whites, and young people (less than age 40 years) reported higher rates of sexual assault than men, Hispanics, and older people. Highest rates were reported by young non-Hispanic white women with some college education (26.3%). In the most recent sexual assault, three-fourths of respondents knew their assailant, over half experienced harm or the threat of harm, and half experienced sexual contact including but not limited to intercourse. PMID- 3500640 TI - Pharyngeal carriage and acquisition of anticapsular antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b in a high-risk population in southwestern Alaska. AB - Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Alaskan Eskimos is characterized by greatly increased disease incidence at younger ages. This suggests that Eskimo infants have increased exposure to the disease. Exposure was studied in 1982-1983 in children less than age three years who lived in four Eskimo villages, as well as in a random sample of their family members (354 people from 132 households). During a 12-month period, up to four pharyngeal cultures and two serum specimens were obtained from each participant. Colonization with H. influenzae type b was relatively uncommon (overall 2.5% of cultures, 6.8% of individuals) and was not associated with age, sex, season, or prior incidence of disease in the village. Biotyping and outer-membrane-protein typing of H. influenzae type b isolates revealed homogeneity within villages, with differences between villages. Matched sera revealed a significant decline in H. influenzae type b capsular antibody in the course of the study year. However, pharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae type b was associated with increases in antibody for carriers and members of their households. Antibody levels were positively associated with age. Only one case of H. influenzae type b disease developed during the study. Low carriage of H. influenzae type b was coincident with low incidence of disease and declining levels of capsular antibody in these villages. Mechanisms for increased exposure which would not be reflected in high carriage rates may exist for these young children. PMID- 3500641 TI - Nasal cancer in the U.S. shoe industry: does it exist? AB - Studies in England and Italy have demonstrated a striking association between employment in the shoemaking industry and cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses. However, three recent, large-scale proportionate mortality studies of U.S. shoeworkers do not show any deaths from these tumors. This paper reviews the methodology of those studies, emphasizing the underlying data and statistical power. In addition, epidemiologic and other considerations important in assessing and interpreting the apparent absence of a nasal cancer risk in the U.S. shoe industry are discussed. PMID- 3500642 TI - Radiochromium (chromium-51) evaluation of gastrointestinal blood loss associated with placebo, aspirin, and nabumetone. AB - Gastrointestinal blood loss is one of the most serious clinical events induced by drugs. To date, almost no nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been shown to be devoid of that side effect in a strictly controlled study. The objective of this study was to assess quantitatively, by use of radioactive chromium (chromium 51)-labeled red blood cells, gastrointestinal blood loss associated with nabumetone (1,000 mg daily), aspirin (3.6 g daily), and placebo. A total of 37 normal subjects, divided among the three treatment groups and a fourth group that received no treatment, were assessed clinically and quantitatively for gastrointestinal blood loss over a period of 28 days of "active" treatment. The results with chromium-51, analyzed on a logarithmic scale, revealed no statistically significant differences between the nabumetone, placebo, and control groups. Gastrointestinal blood loss in the aspirin group, however, was elevated when compared with all other groups at a high level of statistical significance (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that, under conditions in which aspirin causes substantial gastrointestinal microbleeding, nabumetone is not significantly different from placebo. PMID- 3500643 TI - Survival in liveborn infants with anencephaly. PMID- 3500644 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during hemodialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) were studied in patients receiving hemodialysis. 16 stable end-stage renal disease patients received a single ampul of TMP-SMZ (160 mg TMP, 800 mg SMZ) with 250 ml 5% dextrose and water over 45 min just prior to beginning hemodialysis. All patients were dialyzed for 4 h with a 1.0 m2 cuprophane hollow-fiber dialyzer at a blood flow of 200 ml/min. Mean arterial TMP concentration peaked at 1.93 micrograms/ml following infusion and fell to 1.03 micrograms/ml by the end of dialysis (p less than 0.001). Mean arterial SMZ concentration peaked at 41.8 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion and fell to 16.4 micrograms/ml by the end of dialysis (p less than 0.005). The extraction ratio averaged 19% for TMP and 21% for SMZ. The elimination half-life during dialysis for TMP was 6.0 h and for SMZ was 3.1 h. Dialysis clearance averaged 38 ml/min for TMP and 42 ml/min for SMZ. 44% of the administered TMP and 57% of the administered SMZ were removed during dialysis. Therefore, 50% of the maintenance dose of TMP-SMZ should be supplemented after each dialysis session. PMID- 3500645 TI - Penetration of imipenem into human aqueous and vitreous humor. AB - Twenty-five patients about to undergo cataract surgery and ten patients about to undergo vitrectomy received a 1-g intravenous dose of imipenem before surgery. Specimens of aqueous or vitreous humor were then obtained and assayed for antibiotic content with a microbiologic disk agar technique. A mean peak aqueous humor level of 2.99 micrograms/ml was found at approximately two hours after administration, and a mean vitreous level of 2.53 micrograms/ml was found from two hours to three hours 15 minutes after administration. These concentrations were well above the minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem for 90% (MIC90) of Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and the Enterobacteriaceae commonly involved in bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 3500646 TI - Neisseria mucosa endophthalmitis. PMID- 3500647 TI - Color mixture data for normals and tritanopes. AB - In the author's theory of color vision the blue and the green fundamental fall on a tritanopic confusion line. This provides the basis for comparing the mixture data of a tritanope with those of a normal. At the red end of the spectrum the data conform very well to what is predicted by theory. At the blue end the data point to the possibility that the pigment responsible for the red response may differ from the pigment involved at the red end of the spectrum. PMID- 3500649 TI - Enhancement of intestinal growth in neonatal rats by epidermal growth factor in milk. AB - Breast milk has been shown to enhance neonatal intestinal growth. Because epidermal growth factor (EGF) is present in the milk of various mammalian species, the hypothesis was tested that EGF in rodent milk mediates, in part, the breast milk-enhanced intestinal growth in neonatal rat. Fifty-eight rat pups fed artificial formula that contained 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0 micrograms/ml EGF for 39 h had greater incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and DNA content of intestine than 29 pups fed unsupplemented formula. Pups fed EGF for 5 days had significantly greater body weight, intestinal weight, length, and DNA content than control pups. Conversely, pups fed pooled rat milk containing rabbit-derived antibody to EGF for 39 h had intestines of lower weight that contained less DNA than animals fed rat milk containing normal rabbit serum. EGF appears to mediate in part, breast milk-enhanced neonatal intestinal growth. PMID- 3500648 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor on growth and postnatal development of the rabbit liver. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the postnatal development of the liver was examined. New Zealand White rabbits received 40 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 EGF from days 3 to 17 of age either intraperitoneally or orogastrically, whereas controls received saline. At days 18-20, animals underwent cannulation of the common duct using halothane anesthetic. Biliary output was measured directly for three 1-h periods: under basal conditions and in response to intravenous infusion of exogenous glycodeoxycholic acid at 0.75 and 1.5 mumol.min-1.kg-1, respectively. The bile salt pool size was measured by isotope dilution. Final mean body weight of intraperitoneal and orogastric groups did not differ from controls. Liver we weight, DNA, and protein content were significantly increased in intraperitoneally treated animals without morphological or biochemical evidence of fat deposition. Both intraperitoneal and orogastric EGF significantly increased bile salt secretion in the basal period and as a response to exogenous bile acid infusion. Bile flow was significantly increased in response to 1.5 mumol.min-1.kg-1 infusion of glycodeoxycholic acid. The bile salt pool was increased by both intraperitoneal and orogastric EGF. Administration of EGF resulted in a precocious development of glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) activity in the liver. EGF had no effect on serum cortisol, corticosterone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, or free thyroxine levels. These findings suggest that in the neonatal period EGF can promote hepatic growth and maturation. PMID- 3500650 TI - Platelet-collagen adhesion enhances platelet aggregation induced by binding of VWF to platelets. AB - Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) was evaluated in the presence of platelet-collagen adhesion. RIPA of normal donor platelet-rich plasma (PRP) demonstrated a primary wave of aggregation mediated by the binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to platelets and a secondary aggregation wave, due to a platelet-release reaction, initiated by VWF-platelet binding and inhibitable by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). An enhanced RIPA was observed in PRP samples to which collagen had been previously added. These subthreshold concentrations of collagen, which by themselves were insufficient to induce aggregation, caused measurable platelet-collagen adhesion. Subthreshold collagen did not cause microplatelet aggregation, platelet release of [3H]serotonin, or alter the dose responsive binding of 125I-labeled VWF to platelets, which occurred with increasing ristocetin concentrations. However, ASA inhibition of the platelet release reaction prevented collagen-enhanced RIPA. These results demonstrate that platelet-collagen adhesion altered the platelet-release reaction induced by the binding of VWF to platelets causing a platelet-release reaction at a level of VWF platelet binding not normally initiating a secondary aggregation. These findings suggest that platelet-collagen adhesion enhances platelet function mediated by VWF. PMID- 3500651 TI - Mania precipitated by fluoxetine. PMID- 3500652 TI - Immunoglobulin subclass distribution of specific antibodies in allergic patients. Prediction of the IgE inducing capacity of potential allergens. AB - The IgG and IgA subclass distribution of specific antibodies against a variety of protein and polysaccharide antigens was determined in sera from individuals with high levels of IgE. No shift of the antibody pattern could be observed, suggesting that the aberrant regulation of responses against allergens noted in these patients is limited, encompassing selected antigens only. Antibodies against protein antigens are mainly of the IgG1 subclass. In addition, low levels of specific IgG3 or IgG4 antibodies may be formed. Our data suggest that a given antigen induces either IgG3 or IgG4 and that potential allergens, in addition to IgG1 and IgE, elicit a response restricted to IgG4. PMID- 3500653 TI - Anaesthetic properties of pregnanolone emulsion. A comparison with alphaxolone/alphadolone, propofol, thiopentone and midazolam in a rat model. AB - The anaesthetic properties of pregnanolone emulsion, a new steroid preparation for intravenous administration, were evaluated in rats and compared to those of Althesin, propofol, thiopentone and midazolam. The therapeutic index was found to be 50% higher than that of Althesin and 6-8 times higher than those of propofol, thiopentone and midazolam. Induction with pregnanolone emulsion was reliable and fast, with only minor excitatory side effects, although induction time was longer compared to Althesin, propofol and thiopentone. Movement of unstimulated rats during sleep was similar to that seen with Althesin but movement on painful stimulation was less than with propofol and thiopentone. Recovery was rapid and smooth, and the proportion of sleeping time to recovery time was higher than found for the other four anaesthetics. No cumulative effects were seen on repeated administration and there were no venous sequelae. The results indicate that pregnanolone emulsion may provide a short-acting, less cumulative and less toxic alternative to existing intravenous anaesthetic agents. PMID- 3500654 TI - Propofol infusion for coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with suspected malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 3500655 TI - Propofol in a morbidly obese patient. PMID- 3500656 TI - [Perspectives of an electronic data processing-controlled anesthesia protocol]. AB - There are two ways to introduce electronic data processing in anesthesia recording, which should be combined in the future: (1) computer-aided data collection (during anesthesia) and (2) data analysis. Both procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages. The first step in data collection is a system whereby the on-line registered data are automatically plotted and the discrete data are noted by hand (semi-automatic recording). The second step is to keep the minutes on a display screen instead of on paper, thus producing a protocol in digital form (automatic recording). We discuss the problems of these computer aided recording systems and future trends, in particular the problems caused by the "human-computer interface" and by uncertainty with respect to the validity of the stored data. For computer-aided data analysis of anesthesia records, one has to select appropriate data in order to build up data bases. This selection is necessary whether the protocol is in analogical or in digital form, and we attempt to develop some general rules, the concrete selection depends, of course, on the aim of the evaluation. As an example we discuss evaluations for administrative purposes. Evaluations for scientific questions are even more affected by the quality of data definitions, and the efforts involved in data management are considerably higher. At the end of this paper we sketch a hybrid information system for computer-aided anesthesia recording that combines data collection and data analysis. PMID- 3500657 TI - Disposition of propofol administered as constant rate intravenous infusions in humans. AB - The disposition of the intravenous anesthetic propofol was studied when administered as a constant rate infusion at 3, 6, and 9 mg.kg-1.hr-1 for at least 2 hr to three groups of six patients each undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia. Arterial blood samples were collected at selected times during and up to 8 hr after infusion. Whole blood propofol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Using a non linear least-squares regression analysis, the individual data sets were best fitted by a three-compartment open mamillary model with central elimination in 17 patients. In one patient a biexponential equation was more appropriate. Derived pharmacokinetic parameters expressed as mean values +/- SD indicated an initial fast distribution (t1/2 pi; 2.8 +/- 1.2 min), with an intermediate phase (t1/2 alpha; 31.4 +/- 14.7 min), and a long terminal phase (t1/2 beta; 355 +/- 227 min), a large volume of distribution at steady state (Vss, 287 +/- 213 L), and a high blood clearance (Clb, 1.7 +/- 0.3 L/min). The function of drug in the central compartment in the terminal phase was low (Fc, 0.02). The elimination rate constant (K10, 0.1190 +/- 0.0351 min-1) was large compared with the other transfer rate constants and was responsible for the large amount of drug eliminated during distribution. The fraction of drug eliminated during the terminal phase amounted to 0.28. The slow return of drug from remote tissues (K31, 0.0033 +/- 0.0013 min-1) was rate limiting in the ultimate elimination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500658 TI - Non-IgE-mediated reactions to food: how much is allergic? PMID- 3500659 TI - Lung natural killer and interleukin-2 activity in lung cancer. A pulmonary compartment of augmented natural killer activity occurs in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Studies were performed to determine if natural killer (NK) cell and interleukin-2 (IL-2) activities are increased in lungs that harbor malignancy. The NK activity (ability to lyse 51Cr-K562 cells) in bronchoalveolar lavage mononuclear cells (BAC) and washed whole blood cells (Blood) was measured in 8 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 8 healthy control subjects. The mean NK activity by BAC from the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was 2.81 lytic units, and from the control subjects it was 0.19 lytic units (p less than 0.001). When the data were expressed as a ratio of NK activity for BAC/Blood, the mean ratio was 0.98 in patients with cancer compared with 0.12 in control subjects (p less than 0.003). IL-2 activity was bioassayed in recovered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) using 3H-thymidine uptake by IL-2-dependent T-cells. The concentration of IL-2 was expressed as units per microgram albumin and also as units multiplied by a dilution factor. The median concentration of IL-2 in BAL from the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was 10.5 units x 10(-3)/micrograms albumin (range, 3.7 to 229), and from the healthy control subjects it was 0.37 units x 10(-3)/micrograms albumin (range 0.26 to 0.70) (p less than 0.001). When IL-2 activity was expressed as total number of IL-2 units in recovered lavage fluid times a dilution factor (volume of saline used for lavage/volume of lavage fluid recovered), the median number of IL-2 units was 4.7 for the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 0.085 for the control subjects (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500660 TI - Failure of "optimal" four-drug short-course tuberculosis chemotherapy in a compliant patient with human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3500661 TI - Surgical management of complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal dilation including laser therapy. AB - There are a variety of complications associated with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EGD) and esophageal dilation including laser therapy. Life-threatening complications, such as perforation and hemorrhage, may require surgical intervention. The records of all patients undergoing EGD and dilation of benign and malignant esophageal strictures including laser therapy at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center were reviewed. Complications potentially correctable by operation were found in 18 patients. There were three (16%) deaths, and each was attributed to a delay in diagnosis of perforation and operative correction. The key to successful outcome is a high index of suspicion, radiographic confirmation, and prompt treatment. PMID- 3500662 TI - Chronic myocardial ischemia and left ventricular function. PMID- 3500663 TI - Babesiosis, pentamidine, and cotrimoxazole. PMID- 3500664 TI - Autoantiidiotypic antibodies in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3500666 TI - Serum antibodies and monoclonal antibodies secreted by thymic B-cell clones from patients with myasthenia gravis define striational antigens. AB - The biochemical identities of several antigens to which striational antibodies bind were determined by using serum antibodies and monoclonal antibodies from two patients with myasthenia gravis. The monoclonal antibodies were secreted by EBV transformed B-lymphocyte clones obtained from thymus and thymoma. Serum and monoclonal antibodies reacted with discrete components of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, giving rise to several different patterns of immunofluorescence staining. Immunoblot analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed three different antibody specificities: myosin, alpha-actinin, and/or actin. Individual monoclonal StrAb reacted with both muscle and nonmuscle isotypes of actin or myosin. It is noteworthy that contractile proteins (1) are associated with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in plasma membranes, and (2) are biochemically altered in transformed cells. It is therefore conceivable that the release of neoantigenic AChR-associated contractile proteins from thymic epithelial cells undergoing neoplastic transformation may provide the immunogenic stimulus for production of StrAb. More precise definition of StrAb specificities in individual patients with MG and/or thymoma might provide a basis for diagnostic and/or prognostic classification of these diseases. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibodies will be useful in experimentally testing the potential pathogenicity of StrAb. PMID- 3500665 TI - Human x human hybridomas from patients with myasthenia gravis: possible tools for idiotypic therapy for myasthenia. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor have been developed from rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and from a patient with myasthenia gravis. Rat monoclonal antibodies were characterized by their ability to bind to electroblotted acetylcholine receptor subunits. Of 34 tested, 22 bound to the alpha subunit. Three bound to other subunits, and the remainder appeared to bind only to the native molecule. The human monoclonal antibodies were analyzed with respect to their binding to membrane-bound and solubilized acetylcholine receptor. Many bound with greater affinity to the membrane-bound form of the antigen. Two rat monoclonal antibodies capable of passively transferring experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, and with reactivities to the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor, were employed to produce isogeneic monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies. When they were injected prior to immunization with acetylcholine receptor, two of the antiidiotypic antibodies directed against framework determinants prevented the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. This observation raises the possibility that the human monoclonal antibodies will be useful in the development of idiotypic treatment of the human disease. PMID- 3500667 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgG and antibodies to AChR by peripheral and thymic lymphocytes. PMID- 3500669 TI - Possible strategies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3500668 TI - Autoantibodies to receptors by an autoantiidiotypic route. PMID- 3500670 TI - Antiidiotypic antibodies in the regulation of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3500671 TI - Interaction between AChR-specific T- and B-line lymphocytes: antigen presentation by B hybridoma cells and the enhancing effect of monoclonal antibodies on T-cell activation. PMID- 3500672 TI - [Familial form of the Buckley syndrome with anomalies of cellular immunity]. PMID- 3500673 TI - A qualitative assessment of biotinidase deficiency. AB - Screening programs for late-onset, biotin-responsive, multiple carboxylase deficiency (LMCD) detect colormetrically the presence of biotinidase activity in dried samples of whole-blood spotted on filter-papers as used in the neonatal screening of phenylketonuria. A sensitive and stable qualitative technique is described using 10 microliter of serum that avoids problems associated with poor sample collection, improper drying of blood-spots and transient color development. The modified assay is timely and suitable for the clinical laboratory not involved in mass screening programs. PMID- 3500674 TI - Haplotype relative risks: an easy reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations. AB - An alternative to Woolf's (1955) relative risk (RR) statistic is proposed for use in calculating the risk of disease in the presence of particular antigens or phenotypes. This alternative uses, as the control sample, the parental antigens or haplotypes not present in the affected child. The formulation of a haplotype relative risk (HRR) thus eliminates the problems of sampling from the same homogeneous population to form both the disease sample and an appropriate control. We show that, in families selected through a single affected individual, where transmission of the four parental haplotypes can be followed unambiguously, the mathematical expectation of the HRR is identical to that of the RR. Since the sample formed from the 'non-affected' parental haplotypes is clearly from the same population as the disease sample, the HRR thus provides a reliable alternative to the RR. A further advantage obtains when family data are being collected as part of a study since the control sample is then automatically contained in the family material. Data from studies of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are used to obtain an estimate of the risk to those with HLA antigens or phenotypes associated with IDDM using the HRR statistic. A comparison of the HRR's and RR's for these data is also presented. PMID- 3500675 TI - Thyroxine elicits divergent changes in mRNA levels for two urea cycle enzymes and one gluconeogenic enzyme in tadpole liver. AB - Thyroxine-induced metamorphosis of the tadpole to the frog (Rana catesbeiana) is marked by increased activities of the urea cycle enzymes in liver. Cloned cDNAs for two mammalian urea cycle enzymes--carbamyl-phosphate synthetase I and argininosuccinate synthetase--were shown to cross-hybridize with the corresponding mRNAs in tadpole liver. Thyroxine treatment produced nearly 10 fold, coordinate increases in hybridizable mRNA levels for these two enzymes in tadpole liver. This increase is sufficient to account for reported increases in enzyme levels and synthesis rates, demonstrating that thyroxine largely regulates concentrations of these enzymes at a pretranslational step(s). In contrast, levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA in tadpole liver decreased by more than 90% following thyroxine treatment. This differs from the thyroxine induced increases in synthesis rates of enzyme and mRNA reported for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat liver. However, the decreased levels of this mRNA in tadpole liver may represent a secondary response due to thyroxine stimulated release of insulin. PMID- 3500676 TI - Fibronectin and immune complexes in rheumatic diseases. AB - The relation between fibronectin and immune complexes in rheumatic disease was examined in a series of linked studies. Fibronectin was present in immune complexes formed in vitro in the absence of C1q. Gel filtration chromatography showed complexed fibronectin was present in the serum of a patient with rheumatoid vasculitis, but not in normal serum; the complexed fibronectin coeluted with IgA and C3. Two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis showed a single fibronectin component was present in normal serum, but a number of components were present in serum from a rheumatoid patient. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting for fibronectin showed that polyethylene glycol precipitates of synovial fluid contained immunoreactive components of a variety of sizes, indicating the presence of fragments of the molecule. An analysis of fibronectin in polyethylene glycol precipitates of paired serum and synovial fluid samples from 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 16 with osteoarthritis showed more fibronectin was present in rheumatoid samples, especially in synovial fluid. More fibronectin was also present in synovial fluid than in serum polyethylene glycol precipitates; there was no direct relationship with C1q levels. All these results suggest that fibronectin is an integral component of immune complexes. This has potential pathogenic significance because it shows that a product of connective tissue cells may influence the functions of the immune system. PMID- 3500678 TI - Alkylating cytostatic treatment in renal amyloidosis secondary to rheumatic disease. AB - Fourteen consecutive patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and reactive renal amyloidosis were treated with alkylating cytostatics in 22 separate periods varying in duration between six and 30 months. Chlorambucil alone was given in 14 treatment periods, cyclophosphamide alone in six, and both alternately in two. The dosage was adjusted to attain a major suppression of the rheumatic inflammation and a blood lymphocyte level below 1.0 X 10(9)/l. Renal function improved in 12 treatment periods, renal deterioration was arrested in three periods, and in another four periods the rate of functional decline slowed down. In the remaining three treatment periods, associated with further deterioration in renal function, treatment was inadequate owing to blood dyscrasia and failure to control hypertension. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was followed more closely in 10 treatment periods, in all of which the falling trend was arrested or reduced. The survival rate at five years was 93%. Three patients who dropped out of the treatment programme are so far the only ones not still alive. Nine are still being followed up after 6-17 years, and the other two remaining live patients have had renal transplants for five years. PMID- 3500677 TI - Indications of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Fibrinolytic and other factors have been measured in 73 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or related conditions to determine whether clinical thrombosis, a common feature of these disorders, is associated with defective fibrinolysis. Twenty five of 72 (35%) patients, compared with two of 22 (9%) controls, showed a low level of plasminogen activator activity in response to venous occlusion, suggesting decreased fibrinolytic potential. In addition, mean plasma levels of von Willebrand factor antigen and fibronectin were markedly raised in the patients (mean (SD) 384.5 (277)% and 727 (436) mg/l respectively) compared with healthy controls (100 (50)% and 306 (65) mg/l). These data suggest a degree of endothelial cell dysfunction. No clear correlation was found between a history of thrombosis and any plasma factor measured, except for prolongation of clotting tests suggestive of the 'lupus anticoagulant'. PMID- 3500680 TI - Factors influencing early and late survival in patients with combined mitral valve replacement and myocardial revascularization and in those with isolated replacement. AB - During a 5 1/2-year period, 251 patients underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) at our institution: 76 had combined MVR and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 175 without major coronary artery disease (CAD) had isolated MVR. In hospital mortality for MVR + CABG was 13.2% (10/76); it was 8.6% (6/70) when patients with preoperative mechanical support were excluded, 7.9% (5/63) for elective operations, and 8.2% (5/61) for nonischemic mitral disease. Overall, in hospital mortality for isolated MVR was 6.3% (11/175); it was 4.4% (7/161) excluding patients requiring mechanical support and 3.1% (5/157) for elective operations. Of a host of clinical characteristics in patients with MVR +CABG, few were found to influence in-hospital mortality: age greater than 60 years, degree of incapacitation (New York Heart Association Functional Class IV), previous history of myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure, cardiac enlargement (cardiothoracic index greater than 50%), and ischemic mitral disease (33.3% in hospital mortality; p less than 0.05). Of the invasive variables, only one influenced in-hospital mortality: wall motion score greater than 10 (31.6% in hospital mortality; p less than 0.01). Of the operative variables studied, the number of grafts (3 or more: 33.3% in-hospital mortality; p less than 0.05), the need for mechanical support (47.4% in-hospital mortality; p less than 0.0001), and emergency operation (38.5% in-hospital mortality; p less than 0.005) had a significant effect on mortality. The type of mitral lesion, the type of prosthesis, the extent of CAD or the completeness of revascularization, the presence of pulmonary hypertension, and atrial fibrillation appeared to have no influence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500681 TI - Aortic valve replacement in patients 75 years old and older. AB - A consecutive group of 100 patients in the eighth decade of life who had aortic valve replacement (AVR) from 1975 through 1986 were retrospectively studied. Eighty-five of them were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. Isolated AVR was performed in 44 patients and AVR with concomitant procedures, in 56. Perioperative mortality (30 days) was 3%, and perioperative morbidity included 83 complications in 60 patients. Long-term follow-up was available on 93 patients, 71 of whom were alive and 22 of whom were dead. Sixty eight of the 71 long-term survivors are now in NYHA Class I or II. The low rate of perioperative mortality and the improved quality of life after AVR support the performance of this procedure in this older population. PMID- 3500679 TI - Inhibition of vessel allograft rejection by endothelial removal. Morphologic and ultrastructural changes. AB - The vascular endothelium plays an important and complex role in vascular allograft rejection. Antigens expressed by the endothelium can act to promote and be the target of rejection reactions, which often lead to thrombosis and ischemic necrosis of the allograft. In this study, segments of femoral artery and femoral vein with or without endothelium were grafted between allogenic or autologous control rats. Immunocompetent Lewis (RT1(1] recipient rats were randomly selected for groups (N = 14 for each) receiving the following: ACI- (RT1a) allografts with intact endothelium, allografts with endothelium removed before operation, autografts with endothelium, and autografts with endothelium removed. Rejection was assessed by graft patency as well as morphologic and ultrastructural changes. At 5 days, the allografts with intact endothelium were totally occluded, whereas allografts without endothelium remained patent, as did autologous control grafts with or without endothelium. Two additional groups (N = 14 each) receiving the de endothelialized allografts or autografts were examined at 120 days after operation, revealing that grafts in both groups were still patent and had been re endothelialized. These findings indicate that physical removal of vascular endothelium may depress vessel allograft rejection without immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 3500682 TI - Repair of right ventricular free wall defect with a pedicled muscle flap. AB - A unique case of repair of a full-thickness cardiac defect and simultaneous reconstruction of an infected median sternotomy wound is presented. A right ventricular defect, 6 cm in diameter, was closed with a fascia lata graft and reinforced with a rectus abdominis muscle flap. The superior portion of the mediastinum was obliterated with a pectoralis major muscle flap. The patient tolerated the procedure well and remains free of cardiac symptoms seven months postoperatively, with no evidence of residual infection. PMID- 3500683 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy and cardiac surgery. PMID- 3500684 TI - Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients. A randomized study comparing the efficacy of sucralfate, cimetidine, and antacids. AB - Sixty-two mechanically ventilated patients were randomized into three study groups to compare the efficacy of sucralfate vs cimetidine and antacid regimens for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Only five study patients (8%) developed bright-red blood per nasogastric tube; four patients received the antacid regimen and one received cimetidine. None of the patients receiving sucralfate developed acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Bleeding was not severe enough in any patient to require endoscopy or surgery. There were no significant differences in the three groups when several major risk factors for gastrointestinal tract bleeding were analyzed, including sepsis, hypotension, steroid use, adult respiratory distress syndrome, gastric pH of 4 or less, previous peptic ulcer disease, peritonitis, and jaundice. A significantly higher incidence of acute renal failure was noted in the antacid-treated group when compared with the cimetidine and sucralfate groups. We find preliminary evidence that sucralfate is as efficacious as and more cost-effective than either cimetidine or antacids for prophylaxis of stress-related gastrointestinal tract bleeding in the critically ill ventilator-dependent patient. PMID- 3500685 TI - Clinical features of 100 human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals from an alternate test site. AB - We evaluated 100 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive persons from the only alternate test site in Los Angeles. Thirty-five subjects complained of systemic symptoms suggestive of HIV infection and 65 were completely asymptomatic. Irrespective of symptoms, the group as a whole demonstrated clinical and laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. Eighty had generalized lymphadenopathy, 16 onychomycosis, six oral candidiasis, and two biopsy-proved Kaposi's sarcoma. Seventy-seven were anergic to seven intradermal antigens. Despite normal white blood cell counts in most subjects, the T-helper-cell count was less than 300/mm3 in 48% of asymptomatic and 46% of symptomatic subjects. The degree of immune depression was less severe but approximated that of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We believe these findings justify the need for comprehensive medical evaluation and follow-up care for seropositive persons from alternate test sites. PMID- 3500686 TI - Treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. Anticoagulants or inferior vena cava filter? AB - There is a common belief that administration of anticoagulants to patients with brain tumors is contraindicated. Between 1982 and 1986, 50 patients with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli and brain tumors were examined and treated. Twenty-four patients received an inferior vena cava Greenfield filter and 25 patients were treated with anticoagulants. One patient was terminal and received no therapy. Patients in each group were similar with regard to age, sex, primary tumor, computed tomographic findings, and ultimate outcome. At the time of diagnosis, all patients had residual tumor and most had significant cerebral edema and midline shift. There were no complications in the group receiving Greenfield filters. One patient had a pulmonary embolus after the filter was placed and later required anticoagulant therapy. In the group receiving anticoagulants, one patient had focal intraventricular bleeding observed incidentally on computed tomographic scan one month after beginning anticoagulant therapy and was totally asymptomatic. One patient had gastrointestinal tract bleeding five days after beginning anticoagulant therapy with heparin sodium, and the therapy was therefore discontinued. No other patient had significant bleeding. In view of these findings, a reevaluation of anticoagulant therapy in patients with central nervous system tumors is warranted. PMID- 3500687 TI - Acute left main coronary artery occlusion. Survival following emergent coronary bypass. AB - Emergent aortocoronary bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction is controversial. We describe a patient with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery associated with acute anterior wall infarction and refractory cardiogenic shock. The patient underwent successful emergent coronary bypass surgery to manage refractory cardiogenic shock. He has subsequently experienced a prolonged survival (60 months postsurgery). This report suggests that emergent aortocoronary bypass surgery should be considered in patients with acute myocardial infarction with refractory cardiogenic shock in whom other forms of reperfusion are unsuccessful. PMID- 3500688 TI - Neuroendocrine response to 5-hydroxytryptophan in seasonal affective disorder. AB - A double-blind random-ordered comparison of the effects of placebo and 5 hydroxytryptophan (200 mg, orally) in ten depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and ten controls disclosed slightly but significantly higher basal levels of serum prolactin and a trend toward higher basal levels of serum cortisol in the patients with SAD compared with controls. After administration of 5-HTP, the cortisol level significantly increased and the prolactin level significantly decreased in both patients and controls. No differences in the melatonin level, growth hormone level, blood pressure, or pulse rate and no side effects were noted between patients and controls in the two study conditions; the timing of basal and 5-hydroxytryptophan-stimulated hormonal secretions was similar for both groups. These results are discussed with reference to current hypotheses of the cause of SAD. PMID- 3500689 TI - Metabolic stress produces rapid immunosuppression in humans. PMID- 3500690 TI - Effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 on cytotoxic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in melanoma patients before surgery. AB - Natural killer activity against K562 targets and recombinant interleukin-2 induced cytotoxicity to NK resistant targets (MEL-4 and T24) was investigated in 15 melanoma patients. Before elective surgery no differences in cytotoxic activities were demonstrated when compared with patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and controls. No correlation with the depth of the melanoma lesion was observed. Numbers of precursors of IL-2 induced killers in melanoma patients were in normal range. In conclusion, no defects in non-specific NK and IL-2 induced behavior in peripheral blood of melanoma patients were found. Other factors, specific, non-specific, related or unrelated to the tumor side should be thus considered. PMID- 3500691 TI - Natural killer activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung cancers following preoperative systemic recombinant interleukin 2. AB - Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) show depressed natural killer (NK) activity compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). To determine if TIL NK function can be reactivated in vivo, 11 patients with tumors metastatic to the lung were treated with systemic recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Spontaneous TIL NK activity and NK activity after three days' incubation with 100 U/mL of rIL 2 were increased in patients receiving 15,000 U/kg of rIL-2 preoperatively compared with those receiving between 1000 and 10,000 U/kg. Histologically, higher doses of rIL-2 increased the number of intratumoral lymphocytes, the level of peritumoral lymphocytic transferrin, and the expression of HLA-DR. Spontaneous PBL NK activity in patients receiving between 10,000 and 15,000 U/kg of rIL-2 was also increased and was further increased by in vitro culture with rIL-2. Thus, PBL NK activity and TIL NK function in vivo can be augmented with 15,000 U/kg of systemic rIL-2. Both TIL- and PBL-inducible cytotoxicities were further enhanced by in vitro culture with rIL-2. PMID- 3500693 TI - Salvage immunotherapy of malignant glioma. AB - We present the preliminary results of a phase I trial of adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent or residual malignant glioma. The protocol is based on surgical debulking followed by implantation into the tumor bed of autologous lymphocytes that have been stimulated with phytohemagglutinin-P and then cultured in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2. Fifty-five patients with a mean Karnofsky rating of 64 were treated between February 1985 and March 1987. No significant toxicity was associated with the immunotherapy. Fifty patients had a positive initial response to therapy, nine patients had early recurrence (two to four months after treatment), and 22 patients died. We comment on major differences between the protocol described and other immunotherapy protocols. PMID- 3500692 TI - Immunotherapy of pulmonary metastases using monoclonal antibody to T-cell suppressor factor and interleukin 2. AB - Tumor-induced immune suppression of the host may pose a barrier to successful immunotherapy. A monoclonal antibody (MAb 14-12) able to bind and inhibit murine soluble T-cell suppressor factor was tested for in vivo antitumor activity by treatment of mice bearing three-day established pulmonary metastases of a weakly immunogenic methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA 106). Administration intraperitoneally in combination with interleukin 2 (IL-2), a growth factor for activated T lymphocytes, resulted in a significant reduction (60% to 90%) of metastases. Neither IL-2 nor monoclonal antibody alone had significant antitumor effects. This study demonstrates in vivo potentiation of IL-2 antitumor activity with an anti-T-cell suppressor factor and points to possible strategies for clinical application. PMID- 3500694 TI - [Dermatophagoides farinae-sensitized lymphocytes in asthmatic children as evaluated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and acquisition of IL-2 responsiveness]. PMID- 3500695 TI - [Imbalance among circulating T cell subsets and staining for HLA-DR antigen in coronary endothelial cells in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 3500696 TI - [Immunological studies on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). 3. T lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 3500697 TI - [Manifestations of extra-articular rheumatism in a group of workers]. PMID- 3500698 TI - Comparison of different methods for estimating human tooth-eruption time on one set of Danish National Data. AB - The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth and the eruption times for the teeth in the human permanent dentition, defined as the mean age at which the teeth emerge in the mouth, were calculated from cross-sectional records of 760,108 children. A computation method based on probit analysis and Karber's method based on dosage/response curves were compared and their estimates related to figures obtained by direct interpolation in the data. Karber's method was less precise than probit analysis especially when data were not corrected for frequency of congenitally missing teeth or the number of observation points decreased. As the advantage of the Karber method of easy computation is now reduced by the use of computers, probit analysis is recommended. PMID- 3500699 TI - Sodium chloride eye drops as a cause of epistaxis. Case report. PMID- 3500700 TI - Carcinoma in situ with previous trachoma. Case report. PMID- 3500701 TI - Color vision defects in sickle cell anemia. AB - The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test was used to compare color vision in patients with sickle cell anemia, 20/20 visual acuity, and mild to severe peripheral retinopathy, but without posterior retinal vessel involvement, with matched normal controls. Patients with sickle cell anemia had significantly more blue yellow and mixed color vision defects and significantly higher Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue scores than did controls. There were no significant associations between color vision defects and the severity of peripheral retinal findings or the diameter of the foveal avascular zone. These results suggest that color vision defects may exist in patients with sickle cell anemia in the absence of ophthalmoscopic retinal changes in the posterior fundus. PMID- 3500702 TI - The role of vitrectomy in the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. An experimental study. AB - While the diagnostic value of vitreous culture in the management of bacterial endophthalmitis is well established, the therapeutic value of vitrectomy in this condition is debated. The present experimental study uses an aphakic model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in the rabbit. Animals were treated with the following: (1) intravitreal antibiotics alone; (2) intravitreal antibiotics with vitrectomy; (3) vitrectomy alone; and (4) no treatment. Eyes treated with antibiotics and vitrectomy displayed significantly clearer media at 14 days after therapy compared with eyes treated with antibiotics alone. There was also a greater tendency for eyes treated with antibiotics and vitrectomy to have negative cultures at 14 days, although this difference was not statistically significant. These findings are consistent with beneficial effects of therapeutic vitrectomy as an adjunct to intravitreal antibiotic therapy in an animal model of aphakic bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 3500703 TI - Retinal lipid peroxidation in experimental uveitis. AB - Lewis rats with retinal S-antigen-induced uveitis were treated with the enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase and catalase or with the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethyl thiourea for one week. The enucleated eyes of these animals and of normal saline-treated control rats were studied for the presence of lipid peroxidation products in the retina; In addition, choroidal thickness was measured by morphometric analysis to determine the severity of choroidal inflammation. Control animals showed severe chorioretinal inflammation and presence of lipid peroxidation products. Intraocular inflammation was less severe and formation of conjugated dienes and malonaldehyde was significantly inhibited in animals treated with the enzyme antioxidants or dimethyl thiourea. These results suggest that free radicals generated during intraocular inflammation can lead to retinal damage by peroxidation of its lipid cell membranes. PMID- 3500704 TI - Electrophysiological evaluation of chloroform-induced inner ear damage. AB - Local placement of chloroform in either the external or the middle ear has been previously reported to induce a chemical labyrinthectomy. In order to examine the value of this effect as a research tool, we injected chloroform into the middle ears of guinea pigs and rats. Cochlear damage was assessed by electrocochleography (ECochG) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry. Both species developed complete deafness within a few hours after instillation of the chloroform. The deafness was permanent in the guinea pigs, whereas there was a partial recovery of auditory function in the rats. The survival rate of the auditory nerve fibers was estimated by measuring the ABR evoked by electrical stimulation via the scala tympani (EABR). A normal EABR recruitment pattern suggested that the main chloroform effect was located peripheral to the afferent axons. In conclusion, chloroform must be considered a severely ototoxic agent when applied locally. PMID- 3500706 TI - A retrospective study on the management of rectal bleeding. AB - This paper reports on a retrospective study of 70 patients who were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital with rectal bleeding. The study demonstrates several points; first, that there are two distinct groups of patients. The majority of patients had minor bleeds that ceased spontaneously. The remaining group of patients (12%) had what could be described as massive rectal bleeds. There was also noted to be a significant number of patients (21%) who were discharged with no final diagnosis. The utilization of investigations such as angiography and nuclear medicine scans was minimal. The paper concludes that there is a need to establish a protocol for the management of rectal bleeding and, if diagnostic yield is to be satisfactory, energetic attempts must be made to commence investigations at presentation, as soon as resuscitative measures are in progress. PMID- 3500705 TI - Experimentally induced otitis media with effusion following inoculation with the outer cell wall of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Previously, we extracted lipopolysaccaride endotoxin (LPS) from an axenic culture of Haemophilus influenzae and inoculated it into the middle ears of guinea pigs, inducing temporary serous effusions. In the present study, we tried to clarify whether the immunological mechanism responsible for producing the otitis media following outer cell wall inoculation was persistent. We extracted the outer cell wall from nontypable H. influenzae, using Zollinger's method, and inoculated extracts into the middle ears of guinea pigs that had previously received three injections of nonviable H. influenzae in Freund's complete adjuvant. Histological evaluations were performed from day 2 to day 24. Effusions and mucosal changes persisted for a longer time than in the LPS-inoculated model. Hypertrophied mucosae and increased numbers of goblet cells with hypersecretion were visible in the specimens on days 23-24. The condition seemed to show a greater similarity to chronic otitis media with effusion in children than did the LPS-inoculated model. We concluded that both the biological activity of the outer cell wall and immunological mechanisms might induce prolonged otitis media. We speculate that not only single middle ear infection but also general infections and repetitive middle ear infections may contribute to prolonged otitis media. PMID- 3500707 TI - A longitudinal study of disease incidence among Antarctic winter-over personnel. AB - A longitudinal perspective was employed to test the hypothesis that there is an increased risk of hospitalization among Antarctic winter-over personnel during the first year subsequent to this duty. Subjects were 327 enlisted Navy men who wintered-over between 1963 and 1974 and a control group of 2,396 enlisted men who volunteered and were accepted for winter-over duty but who did not winter-over. A 15-year period from 1965 to 1979 was established for follow-up. Follow-up of subjects subsequent to screening for Operation Deep Freeze was conducted in 6 month intervals for the first 4 years. Results indicated that the total rates of first hospitalization during the 6 months prior to Antarctic duty and the first 6 months in Antarctica among winter-over personnel were significantly lower than the rates for the control group. No significant difference in the rates of the two groups was observed for the 12 months subsequent to winter-over duty. PMID- 3500708 TI - Non-specific peptide size effects in the recognition by site-specific T-cell clones. Demonstration with a T site of myoglobin. AB - Six regions (T sites) of myoglobin (Mb) were found by a comprehensive synthetic strategy to stimulate Mb-primed lymph-node cells. To define precisely the N terminal boundary of the immunodominant T site (residues 107-120) with site specific T-cell clones and to determine the effects of peptide size on their stimulation, two sets of peptides were employed. In one set, the peptides were elongated to the left from His-113 by one-residue increments of the Mb sequence. The other set represented an identical stepwise elongation by one-residue increments of the Mb sequence, but which were extended by additional unrelated ('nonsense') residues to a uniform size of 14 residues. Examination of the proliferative responses of eight T-cell clones, derived from Mb-primed DBA/2 (H 2d) or SJL (H-2s) mice, revealed a dramatic non-specific size requirement. In every clone, the longer nonsense-extended peptides achieved maximum stimulating activity at a lower optimum peptide dose than its natural-sequence, but shorter, analogue. In addition, slight (one-residue) differences in the N-terminal boundaries among the clones was observed. Thus, the fine specificity of each clone was mapped to the region from residue 111 or 112 to about residue 120 of Mb, which coincides with the site of B-cell recognition and resides in a small discrete surface region of the protein chain. PMID- 3500709 TI - Purification and characterization of pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the anaerobic protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the anaerobic protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis is an extrinsic protein bound to the hydrogenosomal membrane. It has been solubilized and purified to homogeneity, principally by salting-out chromatography on Sepharose 4B. Low recoveries of active enzyme were caused by inactivation by O2 and the irreversible loss of thiamin pyrophosphate. It is a dimeric enzyme of overall Mr 240,000 and subunit Mr 120,000. The enzyme contains, per mol of dimer, 7.3 +/- 0.3 mol of iron and 5.9 +/- 0.9 mol of acid-labile sulphur, suggesting the presence of two [4Fe-4S] centres, and 0.47 mol of thiamin pyrophosphate. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme is characteristic of a non haem iron protein. The pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from T. vaginalis is therefore broadly similar to the 2-oxo acid: ferredoxin (flavodoxin) oxidoreductases purified from bacterial sources, except that it is membrane bound. PMID- 3500710 TI - Active-site- and substrate-specificity of Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1 pullulanase. AB - Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1 pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) was active on alpha 1-6 glucosidic linkages of pullulan, amylopectin and glycogen and the alpha 1-4 linkages of amylose, amylopectin and glycogen but not of pullulan. Hydrolysis of short-chain-length malto-oligosaccharides (seven or fewer glucose residues) yielded maltose as product. Pullulan hydrolysis was pH-dependent and a plot of log(V/Km) versus pH implied a carboxy group with pKa 4.3 at the active site. Modification with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide (EDAC) confirmed this view, and analysis of the order of reaction and inactivation kinetics suggested the presence of a single carboxy group at a catalytic centre of the active site. EDAC-mediated inhibition of pullulan alpha 1-6-bond hydrolysis was relieved by amylose or pullulan. Similarly both pullulan and amylose protected the activity directed at alpha 1-4 bonds of amylose from EDAC inhibition. When both amylose and pullulan were simultaneously present, the observed rate of product formation closely fitted a kinetic model in which both substrates were hydrolysed at the same active site. PMID- 3500711 TI - Cystine exodus from normal leucocytes is stimulated by MgATP. AB - Cystine exodus from partially purified granular fractions of normal leucocytes is stimulated by MgATP. N-Ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of the lysosomal H+ translocating ATPase, eliminated the stimulated exodus, but had no effect on basal exodus. As the initial content of cystine was increased, the initial velocity of both the basal and ATP-stimulated egress increased. However, as saturation with substrate was approached, the ATP stimulation disappeared leaving only the N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive basal exodus. The increased initial velocity in the presence of ATP may represent improved binding of cystine to the partially saturated inner transporter as a result of conformational or charge optimization brought about by the action of the H+-translocating ATPase. PMID- 3500712 TI - Nucleophilic re-activation of the PC1 beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus and of the DD-peptidase of Streptomyces R61 after their inactivation by cephalosporins and cephamycins. AB - It has been shown previously [Faraci & Pratt (1985) Biochemistry 24, 903-910; (1986) Biochemistry 25, 2934-2941; (1986) Biochem. J. 238, 309-312] that certain beta-lactam-processing enzymes form inert acyl-enzymes with cephems that possess good leaving groups at the C-3' position. These inert species arise by elimination of the leaving group from the initially formed and more rapidly hydrolysing acyl-enzyme, which has the 'normal' cephalosporoate structure. The present paper shows that a strong nucleophile, thiophenoxide, can catalyse the re activation of three examples of these inert acyl-enzymes, generated on reaction of cephalothin and cefoxitin with the PC1 beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus and of cephalothin with D-alanyl-D-alanine transpeptidase/carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces R61. In view of the reversibility of the elimination reaction, demonstrated in model systems [Pratt & Faraci (1986) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 5328 5333], this catalysis is proposed to arise through nucleophilic addition to the exo-methylene carbon atom of the inert acyl-enzyme to regenerate a more rapidly hydrolysing normal cephalosporoate. Strong support for this scenario was obtained through comparison of the kinetics of the catalysed re-activation reaction with those of turnover of the relevant 3'-thiophenoxycephems, thiophenoxycephalothin and thiophenoxycefoxitin. The enzymes appear to stabilize the products of the elimination reaction with respect to the normal cephalosporoate, but more strongly to destabilize the transition states. The effects of other nucleophiles, including cysteine, glycine amide and imidazole, on the above enzymes and on other beta-lactamases can be understood in terms of the model reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. PMID- 3500713 TI - A cystatin-like cysteine proteinase inhibitor from venom of the African puff adder (Bitis arietans). AB - Venoms from eight snakes have been screened for inhibitory activity against papain, strong activity being found in that of the African puff adder, Bitis arietans. The inhibitor from B. arietans venom has been purified by affinity chromatography on carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose and ion-exchange chromatography. The inhibitor had an apparent Mr of 13,000 in SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and pI value of 6.5 (major component) or 6.3 (minor component). Values of Ki for the inhibition of papain, cathepsin B and dipeptidyl peptidase I were 0.10, 2.7 and 0.23 nM, respectively; chicken calpain was not inhibited. PMID- 3500714 TI - Amino acid sequence of a cystatin from venom of the African puff adder (Bitis arietans). AB - The amino acid sequence of a cystatin from the venom of the African puff adder (Bitis arietans) is reported. It shows the protein to be more closely related to the Type 2 cystatins than the others, and yet it is only 31-37% identical to the known Type 2 cystatins, and differs strikingly in the insertion of a six-residue segment. PMID- 3500715 TI - Epidermal growth factor, like glucagon, exerts a short-term stimulation of alanine transport in rat hepatocytes. AB - Epidermal growth factor causes a transient stimulation of alanine transport in hepatocytes. The stimulation is maximal after 30 min, and the rate returns to the control value after 90 min. These characteristics are very similar to the short term stimulation of alanine transport by glucagon, which has been attributed to cell membrane hyperpolarization. PMID- 3500716 TI - EGF receptors on TEA3A1 endocrine thymic epithelial cells. AB - Thymic endocrine epithelial cell line TEA3A1 can be maintained and passaged in a serum-free WAJC404A medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, dexamethasone and EGF. EGF not only promotes the growth of these cells but also regulates the activation of phospholipase A2 enzyme activity. The binding of [125I]EGF to the TEA3A1 cells is temperature and time dependent, saturable and can be blocked by excess unlabelled EGF. Two classes of EGF receptors are found on these cells. One with Kd of 5 X 10(-11)M (approximately 3000 sites/cell) and the other with Kd of 5 X 10(-9)M (approximately 30,000 sites/cell). The resynthesis of EGF receptor in TEA3A1 cells after down-regulation requires about 24 hrs and can be blocked by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. PMID- 3500717 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by analogs of 4-phenylpyridine and 1 methyl-4-phenylpyridinium cation (MPP+), the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP. AB - In order to clarify the structural requirements associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by MPP+, the neurotoxic metabolites of the Parkinsonian agent MPTP, ten sets of pyridine/N-methylpyridinium pairs and a few miscellaneous compounds were evaluated on rat liver intact mitochondria (Mw) and on submitochondrial particles (SMP). The pyridinium partners were much more potent inhibitors on Mw than on SMP, indicating that they are concentrated inside mitochondria by the energy-dependent process previously reported for MPP+, probably as a consequence of non-specific passive transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane in response to the transmembrane potential. In the SMP assay, the neutral pyridines were stronger inhibitors than were the pyridinium cations, and the inhibitory potency varied little with structural changes. The N-methylated forms of beta-carbolines may act as endogenous MPP+ like agents. PMID- 3500718 TI - Tissue specificity and developmental expression of rat osteopontin. AB - Osteopontin is a 44 kd phosphoprotein abundant in bone matrix. We isolated a partial length cDNA for rat osteopontin and used it to examine its tissue specificity, its expression during bone development and its hormonal regulation. Osteopontin mRNA is most abundant in bone but is also found in considerable amounts in kidney. Osteopontin mRNA is regulated by the osteotropic hormones dexamethasone and 1,25(OH)2D3. Estimates of osteopontin mRNA levels indicate that the osteopontin gene is turned on relatively late in calvarial development. PMID- 3500719 TI - MPTP, the neurotoxin inducing Parkinson's disease, is a potent competitive inhibitor of human and rat cytochrome P450 isozymes (P450bufI, P450db1) catalyzing debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation. AB - In human liver microsomal preparations the neurotoxic chemical N-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and several of its analogs competitively inhibited bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P450bufI. This enzyme is the target of the common genetic polymorphism of drug oxidation known as debrisoquine polymorphism. Bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase activity was detectable in rat brain tissue. The activity was inhibited by antisera raised against a rat liver cytochrome P450 called P450db1. Immunoblotting experiments revealed the presence of a protein in rat and human brain microsomes with the same electrophoretic properties as the liver enzyme. These data suggest that P450bufI may be involved in the metabolism and neurotoxicity of MPTP. PMID- 3500720 TI - Human monoclonal antibodies produced from L-leucine methyl ester-treated and in vitro immunized peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Primary in vitro immunization of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been studied for the production of human monoclonal antibodies. Depletion of a lysosome-rich cell population, containing large granular lymphocytes, monocytes, and a subset of T suppressor cells, was shown to be crucial before the cells could be immunized in vitro. The in vitro immunized lymphocytes were used to produce human x human and human x mouse hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for digoxin, hemocyanin, or a recombinant fragment of gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus. PMID- 3500721 TI - Interaction between the gene 5 protein, gene 5 protein/single stranded fd DNA complex and gene 8 protein of the filamentous phage fd. AB - An affinity column consisting of gene 8 protein, the major coat protein of fd phage, bound to Sepharose was prepared. Isolated gene 5 protein/single stranded fd DNA complex was found to bind to this column and was eluted with fd phage single stranded fd DNA. pH changes, and 1 M CaCl2 were not effective in eluting the protein from the affinity column. Gene 5 protein/single stranded fd DNA complex from the crude extracts of fd-infected E. coli also bound to the column, as did isolated gene 5 protein; whereas fd single stranded DNA alone did not. These results may be relevant for the illucidation of the molecular events occurring in the early stages of fd phage assembly. PMID- 3500722 TI - Protein kinase C-mediated feed back inhibition of the Ca2+ response at the EGF receptor. AB - Activation of the EGF receptor in A431 cells induces the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and a transient rise of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, which are completely inhibited by acute pretreatment with activators of protein kinase C, such as phorbol esters. Down regulation of the enzyme (by long term pretreatment of the cells with phorbol esters) causes the [Ca2+]i response to EGF to increase in magnitude and, especially, to become much more persistent (average t1/2 of [Ca2+]i decline 9 min with respect to 2.3 min in controls). These results demonstrate that the activation of protein kinase C induced by EGF in intact A431 cells is sufficient to trigger a feed back, autolimitative regulation of the EGF receptor that might play a prominent physiological role in the definition of the mitogenic activity of the growth factor. PMID- 3500723 TI - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment on calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA levels in cultured human thyroid C-cells. AB - We utilized the TT cell, a human C-cell line derived from a medullary thyroid carcinoma, to study the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cell growth and expression of the calcitonin gene. The growth rate of cells treated for 8 days with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not differ significantly from control or 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 treated cells. Total RNA was isolated, and calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels were measured by hybridization. 1,25 D3 lowered calcitonin and CGRP mRNA levels in a time- and dose-dependent fashion; 24,25 D3 had no effect. Northern blots revealed a decrease in the mature mRNA as well as the common precursor forms, indicating a transcriptional effect of 1,25 D3. PMID- 3500724 TI - Monoclonal antibody characterization of hepatic and extrahepatic cytochrome P-450 activities in rats treated with phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene and fed various cholesterol diets. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)- and phenobarbital (PB)-inducible forms of cytochrome P-450 isozyme were used to characterize changes in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECDE) activities modulated by dietary cholesterol. Rats were induced by MC or PB, and immunochemical inhibition of AHH and ECDE activities was studied as an indication of changes in cytochrome P-450 isozyme patterns. Feeding of a cholesterol-free diet markedly decreased enzyme activities both in liver and in small intestinal mucosa, and the highest activities were observed after feeding rats a high (2%)-cholesterol diet for one month. As a control, a normal pelleted diet (0.1% cholesterol) was used; in rats fed this diet, intermediate levels of monooxygenase activities were present. Although no diet-dependent change in total AHH and ECDE activities was observed in kidneys and lungs, diet apparently modulated isozyme composition in the lungs, as indicated by a change in the immunochemical inhibition pattern with MAb; no such shift was observed in the kidneys. In liver and intestine, in addition to changes in total activity, isozyme composition was also altered, as indicated by inhibition of the catalytic activities of cytochrome P-450 by MAb. Our data infer that dietary cholesterol can: (i) modulate total monooxygenase activities, especially in the intestine; (ii) change the cytochrome P-450 isozyme composition in liver and intestine; (iii) change isozyme composition without changing overall enzyme activity, e.g. in lungs; and (iv) have no effect in a tissue (e.g. kidney) that lacks constitutionally the P-450 isozyme responsive to cholesterol. PMID- 3500725 TI - Pyrazole as a modifier of liver microsomal monooxygenase in DBA/2N and AKR/J mice. AB - Effects of pyrazole on liver microsomal monooxygenase was studied in two inbred strains of mice, DBA/2N (D2) and AKR/J (AKR). A selective effect on microsomal monooxygenase was found. In the D2 mouse pyrazole strongly increases the coumarin 7-hydroxylase (CoH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECDE) activities while on the total cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content and ethylmorphine N-demethylase (EMDM) and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) activities the effect is biphasic (increased with lower doses and decreased with higher). For AKR the effect of pyrazole is different from the D2. The increase of CoH and ECDE is weaker and no biphasic effect for the other three parameters can be seen. Instead only a decrease takes place. The optimal dose of pyrazole for the induction of CoH in the D2 mice is 200 mg/kg once a day during three days. The effect of pyrazole is strongest in animals (D2) of 4-10 weeks old. For young animals (2 weeks old) no effect except of a weak decrease in AHH can be seen. Also for old animals the effect is weak. Recovery of the monooxygenase after pyrazole induction takes place in about 120 hr except for the total P-450 content which is still below normal. No sex dependence in the effect of pyrazole on CoH was found. PMID- 3500726 TI - Interactions of imidazole antifungal agents with purified cytochrome P-450 proteins. AB - The imidazole N-substituted antifungal agents ketoconazole, miconazole and clotrimazole have been shown to be potent inhibitors of oxidative metabolism by both a phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 (P-450b) and a 3-methylcholanthrene induced cytochrome P-448-protein (P-450c) in reconstituted systems. All three compounds inhibited the cytochrome P-450b-dependent 7-pentoxyresorufin-O dealkylase and the cytochrome P-450c-dependent 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities. When 7-benzyloxyresorufin and 7-ethoxycoumarin were employed as substrates with both cytochrome preparations, all three antifungal compounds exhibited selective inhibition of the cytochrome P-450b preparation; ketoconazole was always the weakest inhibitor. The three antifungal agents were also shown to elicit a type II difference spectral interaction with both isoenzymes, the magnitude of the spectral interaction being greater with the cytochrome P-450b preparation. PMID- 3500727 TI - HLA-DR4 in giant cell arteritis: association with polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. AB - Forty-three patients with well-documented giant cell arteritis (GCA) were studied clinically and with HLA typing. All patients were over age 40. Twenty-two of the patients had coexistent polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). No association with class I HLA antigens was detected. When compared with HLA findings in 243 healthy controls, HLA-DR4 was increased in patients with GCA and PMR, but not in patients with GCA alone. Pooled analysis of data from 4 published papers confirmed the association of DR4 with GCA and PMR (P much less than 0.00001). Patients with PMR but negative findings of temporal artery biopsies also showed an increased frequency of HLA-DR4, but this did not reach statistical significance, probably because of the small number of subjects. It is likely that the increased frequency of DR4 in GCA patients is related to its association with PMR. PMID- 3500728 TI - Prevalence of Ro (SS-A) antibodies in patients with polymyositis. PMID- 3500729 TI - Longitudinal and secular trends in lipoprotein cholesterol measurements in a general population sample. The Framingham Offspring Study. AB - Two fasting lipoprotein cholesterol measurements have been made on Framingham Offspring Study participants, first in 1971-75 and again in 1979-83. Longitudinal analysis (n = 2433, age 20-49 at first exam) using multivariate regression found aging, weight gain, vasectomy, menopause, and increased smoking are associated with worsening lipoprotein profiles, while increased alcohol consumption is associated with increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Average increases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in women accelerate with age; in men the increases are similar or perhaps decelerate with age. Secular trends were measured using age-adjusted mean values for individuals aged 25-54. Averages of total cholesterol, LDL-C (men only), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, number of cigarettes per day, and alcohol consumption were lower at the second examination. Two secular trends in women indicate a possible worsening of population lipoprotein profiles: mean VLDL-C was higher and mean HDL-C lower at the second exam. PMID- 3500730 TI - Sequential 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. Negative experience in metastatic colorectal cancer. AB - Forty-two patients with measurable advanced colorectal cancer were treated with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), followed by folinic acid rescue. Twenty-one patients had received prior chemotherapy, mainly 5-FU (group 1) and remaining 21 patients had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 patients): MTX 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start 5-FU 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. Folinic acid rescue started 24 hours after MTX infusion. Regimen II (15 patients): MTX 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of MTX a 46-hour 5-FU infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. Folinic acid rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one patient had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The toxicity of both regimens was low. PMID- 3500731 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness between Haemophilus aegyptius and Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Haemophilus aegyptius should be considered a junior subjective synonym of Haemophilus influenzae. Both nomenspecies are indistinguishable by DNA/DNA hybridization (S1 nuclease method). No single phenotypic test can unambigously separate H. aegyptius from the other biotypes of H. influenzae. PMID- 3500732 TI - [Heterogeneity of strains of Haemophilus influenzae of genital and neonatal origin: analysis of capsular serotypes, biotypes and electrophoretic profiles of external membrane proteins and LPS]. AB - The techniques of capsular serotype, biotype determination and sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sarcosinate-insoluble outer membrane protein (OMP) and of proteinase K lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations were applied to 41 genital and neonatal Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Twelve percent were capsulated (4b, 1a). Distribution of strains between biotypes was similar to that of isolates of other non-systemic pathogenic origin; only one isolate was biotype IV. The OMP profiles showed great variability with 4 group of proteins: a 16-Kd major peptide which was observed in all strains; 27-30-Kd major OMP including one constant 30-Kd peptide present in all strains except one; 32- to 50-Kd major OMP; and 49- to 54-Kd minor OMP. The rough LPS profiles also revealed heterogeneity. In view of the variability observed among H. influenzae strains, it is not possible to establish a relationship between pathogenicity and a macromolecular marker. PMID- 3500733 TI - Regulation of c-myc and c-fos gene expression in normal mouse spleen cells. PMID- 3500734 TI - [Adoptive immunotherapy in experimental brain tumor in rats--induction of LAK cells and their biological characteristic]. AB - We have investigated the biological characteristic of Lymphokine Activated Killer (LAK) cells induced from spleen cells (SPC) of Fischer rats. Supernatant of 48 hour culture medium (RPMI-1640, 10% FBS, 2-ME: 5 X 10(-5) M, HEPES: 10 mM) of SPC (1 X 10(6)/ml) from Wistar rats in the presence of Con A (5 micrograms/ml) was used as Interleukin 2 (IL-2). LAK cells were generated by co-cultivation of SPC (4 X 10(6)/ml) from Fischer rats with peak reactivity on the 2 nd or 3 rd day of culture. Lytic activity was observed against not only syngeneic tumor cells (T9, RSV induced brain tumor), but also allogenic (KMT-17) and xenogenic (K 562, Raji cell, G 361, YAC-1) tumor cells, while no lytic activity was observed against normal brain cells. Cell depletion test, dye exclution test and immunofluorescence method using monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) revealed that LAK cells partially belonged to the population of activated T cell group (W 3/13, OX 4 positive) but the precursor cells did not react with any mAbs used (W 3/13, W 3/25, OX 4, OX 8). On the basis of these results, more effective and useful administration of LAK cells is now under investigations by using the rats with brain tumors. PMID- 3500735 TI - Comparison of the induction characteristics of thiopentone and propofol in children. AB - The induction characteristics of propofol 2.0-2.5 mg kg-1 were compared with those of thiopentone 4-5 mg kg-1 in 60 fit children aged between 3 and 16 yr. All patients received i.m. premedication with papaveretum 0.4 mg kg-1 (maximum dose 15 mg) and hyoscine 0.008 mg kg-1 (maximum dose 0.3 mg). Seven children (24%) complained of pain after injection with propofol, compared with three (10%) after thiopentone. No child in either group complained of severe pain. Excitatory effects were observed in 10 children (33%) receiving propofol as opposed to five children (16%) after thiopentone, but these were transient and minor and all occurred after completion of injection. Apnoea lasting longer than 30 s occurred in only four children (13%) in each group despite the use of opioid premedication. The mean duration of apnoea was similar in both groups. Propofol caused greater decreases in arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic, mean) than thiopentone, but only the difference in systolic arterial pressure achieved significance. There was a significant difference in heart rate, which did not change after propofol, but increased with thiopentone. The overall quality of induction was assessed as being good in all children receiving thiopentone compared with 20 (66%) of those receiving propofol. PMID- 3500736 TI - Effect of oral administration of a new calcium channel blocking agent, bepridil on antipyrine clearance in man. PMID- 3500737 TI - Expression of histocompatibility antigens and characterisation of mononuclear cell infiltrates in human renal cell carcinomas. AB - Neoplastic tissue was obtained at operation from 10 renal cell carcinomas, from the adjacent 'normal' kidney in 6 cases and from 1 other normal kidney. The biopsies were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and sections were subsequently stained with monoclonal antibodies against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, class I and II, and several types of mononuclear cell, by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The degree of staining or the number of cells stained was estimated as heavy 4, through moderate 3, few 2, occasional 1, or nil 0. MHC Ag were consistently expressed, grade 2-4, by the glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules of normal kidney, but were absent in 8 of 10 carcinomas. There was a grade 3-4 mononuclear cell infiltration in the stroma of normal kidney and between the carcinoma cells which was composed principally of macrophages. However in the two carcinomas expressing MHC Ag there was also a grade 2-3 infiltration with T lymphocytes. The absence of MHC Ag on carcinoma cells mitigates against attempts to potentiate the patient's immune response to his tumour, e.g. by renal artery embolisation. PMID- 3500738 TI - Type IIB von Willebrand's disease presenting as thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. AB - Type IIb von Willebrand's disease has been found to be associated with the development of thrombocytopenia following the infusion of DDAVP (desmopressin). It has also been associated with sporadic thrombocytopenia and evidence of spontaneous platelet aggregation. A family with documented Type IIb von Willebrand's disease is described, where two of the affected females presented with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia developing during pregnancy with reversal to normal or minimally reduced platelet counts in the early post gestational period. In each case, the levels of factor VIII:C, von Willebrand factor antigen and von Willebrand factor ristocetin co-factor activity rose during pregnancy but there were notable discrepancies between the levels of each in any one individual. It is suggested that pregnancy resulted in increased synthesis of the variant form of von Willebrand factor resulting in progressively increasing platelet/variant form von Willebrand factor interaction and subsequent thrombocytopenia. Whether this reflects consumption or sequestration remains uncertain. Although spontaneous platelet aggregation was observed in some family members, the majority did not exhibit this phenomenon. Circulating platelet aggregates could not be detected. Both pregnancies were relatively uneventful and there is no history of unusual bleeding associated with pregnancy in the family. These observations suggest that Type IIb von Willebrand's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia developing during pregnancy, particularly in those individuals where evidence supporting the diagnosis of immune mediated thrombocytopenia is not forthcoming. Where the diagnosis of Type IIb von Willebrand's disease is established, active intervention other than confinement in a hospital with experience in haemostatic disorders is probably not required as the development of thrombocytopenia does not appear to exert an additive effect on the underlying defect relating to the variant form of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 3500739 TI - B-CLL with surface IgM kappa phenotype. PMID- 3500741 TI - Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis in pure culture from the uterine cavity of patients with irregular bleedings. AB - Hysterectomy was performed in three patients because of persistent irregular vaginal bleeding. Before the operation samples were taken from the cervical os for cultivation of Gardnerella vaginalis, yeasts, viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Immediately after the operation, the uterus was opened under sterile conditions and samples obtained from the isthmus and fundus of the uterine cavity were examined microbiologically. In all three patients G. vaginalis was grown in pure culture from the fundus. Serum antibody titres against G. vaginalis were significantly raised in all three patients, and histology revealed mononuclear cells in the endometrium. The isolation of G. vaginalis from the endometrium of patients with clinical and histological signs of inflammation and with antibodies to G. vaginalis in serum indicates that the organism may play a causative role in endometritis. PMID- 3500740 TI - Allogeneic activation is increased during pregnancy. A risk factor in HIV infection? PMID- 3500742 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and AIDS. PMID- 3500743 TI - Severe herpes zoster ophthalmicus in young African adults: a marker for HTLV-III seropositivity. AB - This report proves the relationship between herpes zoster ophthalmicus and seropositivity for HTLV-III in young and often apparently healthy African patients. The ophthalmologist should screen patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus for antibodies against HTLV-III in areas where this virus is endemic or if the patient belongs to a known risk group. If the test is positive, the patient should be instructed about the infectious nature of his condition to prevent spread of this sexually transmitted disease. As the rate of corneal involvement and postherpetic neuralgia are very high in these patients, it would be worthwhile to ascertain whether routine use of acyclovir treatment in HTLV-III seropositive patients with herpes zoster has a beneficial effect on these complications. PMID- 3500744 TI - Excessive bleeding after surgery in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - A case is reported of a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta who bled excessively during orthognathic surgery despite normal pre-operative screening. Possible mechanisms for this bleeding are discussed. PMID- 3500745 TI - Virus infection in beta-thalassemia intermedia. PMID- 3500746 TI - Immunologic reactivity in thalassemia. PMID- 3500747 TI - [Effect of phospholipids of different compositions on coronary vessel tonus and myocardial contractility]. AB - In experiments on perfused isolated Wistar rat hearts and frog myocardial strips it has been shown that the injection of egg phospholipid liposomes in the perfusion solution leads to a decrease in the volume velocity of the coronary perfusion and to worsening of the contractile myocardial function. Negative inotropic effect of phospholipids on the perfused heart may be linked not only with the decrease in the coronary perfusion but also with their direct inhibitory action on the contractile ability of myocardiocytes. PMID- 3500748 TI - [Preparation of a lymphoblastoid B-cell line from a long-term suspension culture of human bone marrow]. AB - Lymphoblastoid cell line was obtained from long-term human bone marrow culture. The cell line was characterized using methods of immunological phenotyping, cytochemistry and cytogenetics. This cell line represents different stages of B cell differentiation, karyotype 46 XX. The cells of this line were able to support their growth during more than 10 months without exogenous stimulation. PMID- 3500750 TI - T-lymphocyte colony formation of murine thymocytes in agar contained in glass capillaries. AB - Optimal growth conditions are presented for a new colony test with mouse thymocytes in agar contained in glass capillaries. The kinetics of colony growth and the dependence from the PHA-, I1-2-, agar- and 2-mercaptoethanol concentration are shown. The colony forming cells are identified as T-lymphocytes by usual morphology and by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using mouse anti Thy 1.2 antibodies. PMID- 3500749 TI - Isolation of a colony-stimulating factor produced by L 1210 murine leukemia cells. AB - Murine L1210 leukemia cells spontaneously produce very low amounts of colony stimulating factor (CSF). CSF production was markedly increased by stimulating L1210 cells with lipopolysaccharide, lectins, and sheep red blood cells. From the conditioned medium of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated L1210 cells we isolated a CSF with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 27,000. This CSF promoted the proliferation and the differentiation of murine GM-CFU showing a weak differentiation-inducing activity on WEHI-3 D (+) cells. PMID- 3500751 TI - Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) blocks HIV receptor on T-lymphocyte surface. A clarification. PMID- 3500752 TI - Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus in India with anti ssDNA antibodies. PMID- 3500753 TI - Abstracts supplement. British Society for Rheumatology, fourth annual general meeting. London, 18-20 November 1987. PMID- 3500754 TI - Response to deoxycoformycin in mature T cell malignancies. PMID- 3500755 TI - Mechanisms contributing to the recovery of striatal releasable dopamine following MFB stimulation. AB - In vivo voltammetry was used to monitor the concentration of dopamine released into striatal extracellular fluid during electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle of anesthetized rats. During stimulation the dopamine concentration increases rapidly to micromolar levels. After cessation of the stimulus, uptake mechanisms rapidly clear the released dopamine. That dopamine is the compound detected during stimulation is confirmed by voltammetry and pharmacology. The interval between stimulations influences the amount of dopamine released. When 10 s stimulations are spaced by 30 s, only 50% of the amount of dopamine released by the first stimulation is released by the second stimulation. Twenty minutes are required for full recovery of the stimulation response. Full recovery requires dopamine synthesis but during the initial 2 min following stimulation the recovery exceeds synthesis rates. Possible mechanisms that contribute to the rapid initial recovery are the mobilization of intraneuronally stored dopamine and the recycling of the released dopamine via presynaptic uptake mechanisms. Dopaminergic receptors are able to modulate the rapid recovery. PMID- 3500756 TI - MPTP and convulsive responses in rodents. AB - Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (30 mg/kg s.c. for 5 days) to mice resulted in complete abolishment of strychnine seizure and of the tonic phase of the maximal electroshock response. Bicuculline and picrotoxin convulsions were not significantly affected by MPTP treatment. The severity of the pentylenetetrazole seizures was mildly, but significantly affected in the protective way. MPTP depleted neostriatal dopamine and its metabolites, together with hippocampal norepinephrine. No nigral neuronal loss was detected histologically. Strychnine seizures and the tonic phase of the maximal electroshock response are thought to depend mostly on hindbrain (bulbo spinal) structures. Thus, these experiments suggest that a caudally projecting system originates from the substantia nigra, pars compacta, and/or locus coeruleus, controlling seizures that involve bulbo-spinal centers. While neostriatal dopamine depletion offers a good index of seizure resistance, its role in the protection from seizures remains to be established. PMID- 3500757 TI - Short-term effects of fluoxetine and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine on electroencephalographic sleep in the rat. AB - Fluoxetine and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) were studied for their short-term effects on electroencephalographic sleep in male rats. Following single injection, each drug produced a sizeable, dose-related suppression of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep that persisted for 4-5 h (fluoxetine, 0.625-5 mg/kg; TFMPP, 0.10-1.25 mg/kg). TFMPP also consistently increased non-REM (NREM) sleep during the second hour after drug injection, though this effect was not dose-related (it was seen at all doses tested). Fluoxetine produced small effects on NREM sleep that varied non-systematically with dose and time after drug injection. TFMPP, but not fluoxetine, also increased at all doses the number of delta waves per minute of NREM sleep in the second hour. A structural analog of TFMPP that is inactive at serotonin (5-HT) receptors [4-(m trifluoromethylphenyl)piperadine; LY97117] was also tested, and found to be devoid of effects on NREM and REM sleep. Both fluoxetine (a 5-HT reuptake blocker) and TFMPP (a 5-HT agonist) enhance transmission across 5-HT synapses, though by different mechanisms. Because they have the common effect of suppressing REM sleep, and in a dose-related manner, the data support the notion that 5-HT neurons in the brain, when active, can suppress REM sleep. PMID- 3500758 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of propofol as an induction agents in adults]. AB - The disposition kinetics of Propofol have been determined in 7 patients (3 men, 4 women) receiving 2.5 mg/kg for induction of anaesthesia. Peripheral venous samples were collected up to 12 hours after injection of the drug. Data analysis indicates a 3 compartment model with a terminal half-life of 480 +/- 141 min, clearance of 0.0352 +/- 0.0014 l/min/kg and volume of distribution of 24.2 +/- 6.2 l/kg. PMID- 3500759 TI - [Modification of the intraocular pressure during induction and intubation with propofol]. AB - The authors have compared intraocular pressure in during induction and intubation mode. All measures were made with an aplanation tonometer (Schiotz), before induction, after induction, and immediately after intubation. Both NNLA and propofol induced an important decrease of the IOP, more with propofol (45.6%) than with NLA (28.1%). It increased again during intubation, but less with propofol (-26.8%) than with NLA (+9%). PMID- 3500760 TI - [Use of propofol in endoscopy and in microsurgery of the larynx with jet ventilation]. PMID- 3500761 TI - [Ambulatory anesthesia using propofol in neuroradiology]. PMID- 3500762 TI - [Propofol as a single anesthetic agent in ambulatory anesthesia. Randomized comparative study with a standard anesthetic technic]. PMID- 3500763 TI - [Propofol and thoracic surgery]. AB - 20 patients undergoing thoracic surgery were studied. Before anaesthesia either a catheter was placed in the intercostal space, at the same level as the thoracotomy (16 patients) or an epidural catheter was inserted if there was a contraindication of intercostal blockade (4 patients). Marcaine 0.5--was injected. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg.kg-1, vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg 1, dextromoramide 50 mcg.kg-1. It was maintained with propofol 9 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 30 mn, then 4.5 mg.kg-1.h-1 for following hours (by a syringe pump) and vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1.h-1. Cardio vascular effects were studied only in the 16 patients with intercostal blockade: during induction bradycardia in 3 patients, and systolic arterial pressure (S.A.P.) decrease of 30% in 8 patients were observed. After the incision, heart rate and S.A.P. became steady. The average duration of anaesthesia was 214 min +/- 74. The time from the end of propofol infusion to the moment of extubation was 15.4 min +/- 33 and the time to recover all mental faculties was 46 mn +/- 11. 30 min after the end of anaesthesia the maxima minute ventilation was equal to the post operative value at 48 H. Propofol anaesthesia allows a fast awakening, without cumulative effects. PMID- 3500764 TI - [Peridural anesthesia in thoraco-abdominal surgery. Propofol-methohexital comparison for complementary anesthesia]. AB - Two groups of 20 patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery or thoracic surgery received analgesia by thoracic peridural route: 850 and 837 micrograms.kg 1 of bupivacaine, plus 4.30 and 4.20 micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with either infusion of propofol 0.2% or infusion of methohexital 0.1% and patients were intubated and ventilated. The quality of induction was good in the two groups (3.48 mg.kg-1 in 4 min with propofol and 2.76 mg.kg-1 in 5 min with methohexital). But only 4 of propofol group needed vecuronium for intubation; they were 19 in the other group. Maintenance was extremely smooth with propofol (0.088 mg.kg-1.min-1) in 18 cases. In contrast, poor anaesthetic control was obtained with 14 methohexital patients and had to be abandoned. Hemodynamic data show fc, Pa and Ppa decreased with propofol but increased with methohexital in response to laryngoscopy and intubation. In this study, the onset of 5 sinusal bradycardias was noted with propofol. Two of them were severe 39 and 38 b.min-1 with major decrease of LVSWI to 32.45 and 24.47 g.mm-2. The role of hypovolemia (Bainbridge reflex) or vagomimetic effect of propofol is discussed. Nevertheless, this study shows that propofol given by infusion can better achieve adequate anaesthesia than methohexital. PMID- 3500765 TI - [Propofol in scheduled orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 3500766 TI - [Value of propofol in microsurgery of the middle ear]. AB - In 21 anaesthetics on patients ASA I-II undergoing middle ear microsurgery, the induction was done by 2 mg/kg propofol and 2 mcg/kg fentanyl. Anaesthesia was maintained by a continuous infusion of propofol 100 mcg/kg/min and bolus injections of fentanyl 1 mcg/kg every 30 min, and controlled ventilation with 60% Nitrous Oxide. The side effects during induction and recovery were minor. After a slight fall in blood pressure at induction, the haemodynamic values were steady during the whole surgery. Haemostasis was always good: the operating field was bloodless in 13 patients (62%), relatively bloody in 8 (38%), but never inconvenient for the surgeon. While recovery happened later than in other studies, the time from eyes opening to complete consciousness was always short, less than 10 minutes. The adjunction of fentanyl could be responsible for the long recovery time. No correlation is found between the infusion rate of propofol and recovery time. All patients but one are satisfied with their anaesthesia, especially with their smooth recovery. PMID- 3500767 TI - [Use of a new hypnotic agent: propofol. Results of a survey carried out among some 100 anesthetists]. PMID- 3500768 TI - Bovine reproduction. PMID- 3500769 TI - Epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms in Manitoba, Canada. AB - The incidence of primary intracranial tumors in Manitoba, Canada was reviewed. From 1980 through 1985, 657 tumors were diagnosed. The crude incidence rates were 10.2/100,000 for males and 10.8/100,000 for females. The three most common tumors were: astrocytoma 281 (43%), meningioma 145 (22%), and pituitary adenoma 111 (17%). Average annual incidence rates for all tumors showed a bimodal distribution with one peak in the 0-4 age group (4.2/100,000), and the other in the 60-69 age group (27.2/100,000). For malignant astrocytoma, the age-specific annual incidence rate increased to the seventh decade where it reached a peak of 14.3/100,000. The incidence of benign astrocytoma remained relatively constant with age at 1.1/100,000. The annual incidence of meningioma increased with age up to the eighth decade reaching 7.2/100,000. Of the 145 meningiomas, 56 (39%) were meningotheliomatous, 48 (33%) transitional, 10 (7%) malignant, 7 (5%) fibroblastic, 6 (4%) psammomatous, 3 (2%) angioblastic, and 15 (10%) lacked pathologic diagnosis. The annual incidence of pituitary adenoma showed two peaks, the first occurring in the third decade (2.6/100,000) and the second in the eighth decade (3.2/100,000). Although the incidence of meningioma was relatively high, the clinical features and pathologic patterns of these tumors were not unlike those previously reported in the literature. PMID- 3500770 TI - Mood across the menstrual cycle and number of menstrual symptoms reported: a cross-sectional study. AB - This study assessed mood among 110 women at three phases of the menstrual cycle and its relationship with the number of reported menstrual symptoms. Women who reported fewer menstrually-related symptoms tended to have generally higher mood scores, but specific depression of mood during menses was found among the subgroup of women who reported fewer menstrual symptoms. Contraceptive pill usage was not related to mood variation across the menstrual cycle. The findings raise questions about the validity of self-reports of menstrually-related symptoms. PMID- 3500771 TI - The suicide of children and adolescents. PMID- 3500772 TI - An epidemiologic study of adolescent suicide. AB - This study investigated suicides by persons aged ten to nineteen during the years 1978 to 1982 in the City of Montreal. Records of death in the Office of the Coroner, City of Montreal, were examined and suicides designated according to standard criteria. Age, sex, method of suicide, and month of death were noted. Mean incidence of suicide for the entire sample was 5.92 per 100,000 population. The mean figure for males was 9.52 and for females 2.32, with the incidence greater among males in each of the five years. Incidence of suicide in the fifteen to nineteen year old group was approximately ten times that in the ten to fourteen year old group, a difference which was constant across sex and across the five year period. Among boys, hanging was the most frequent method of suicide, with firearms second, and jumping from a height or in front of a vehicle third. Among girls, drug intoxication was most common, with firearms and jumping ranking second and third respectively. No monthly periodicity was found. The epidemiology of adolescent suicide in Montreal appears to be similar to that reported in other locations. PMID- 3500773 TI - Obsessive disorder with self-mutilation: a subgroup responsive to pharmacotherapy. AB - Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be considered a complex entity with possibly different subgroups responsive to specific treatment. This article presents two cases of OCD with self-mutilation, successfully treated with serotonergic antidepressants. The authors discuss a sub-group of OCD patients whose rituals present as self-destructive behavior and are responsive to pharmacotherapy. PMID- 3500774 TI - Caregiving demands during advanced cancer. The spouse's needs. PMID- 3500775 TI - Cyclophosphamide hypersensitivity and cross-reactivity with chlorambucil. PMID- 3500776 TI - The role of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. AB - With the introduction of computed tomography (CT), the diagnosis of cysticercosis of the central nervous system (CNS) has been considerably improved. This is very important, especially for the countries in which the disease is still endemic. Plain skull radiographs or invasive procedures such as pneumography, ventriculography, and cerebral angiography can be used, but now CT has become the examination of choice because it is a safe, noninvasive, and accurate method thus making the other procedures unnecessary. In the present paper, 8,676 CT scans are reviewed from which 710 are selected patients with neurocysticercosis. CT has provided the diagnosis with greater precision than before. Its localization in the series was as follows: parenchymal, 473 patients, 65.2%; meningeal, 125 patients, 18.3%; mixed, 96 cases, 14%; intraventricular, 16 cases, 2.5%. PMID- 3500777 TI - Phenotypic and functional analyses of tumour-infiltrating Leu 7 + natural killer like cells in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. AB - Biopsy specimens of lymphoid tissues were analysed by two-colour flow cytometry to determine the proportions and phenotypes of natural killer-like cells present in the lesions. No significant difference was found between the proportions of Leu 7+ cells in reactive and malignant nodes. Low numbers of Leu 11+ cells were found in both benign and malignant nodes. The most common phenotype among the tumour-infiltrating Leu 7+ cells in the malignant nodes was Leu 7+OKT3+OKM1-. Only low numbers of Leu 7+ cells in malignant nodes coexpressed OKM1. Isolated Leu 7+ cells from four out of five malignant nodes were unable to lyse autologous B lymphoma cells in vitro. However, in one of five malignant nodes tested, autologous B lymphoma cells were lysed by isolated tumour-infiltrating Leu 7+ cells but not by Leu 7- cells. These observations indicate that tumour infiltrating Leu 7+ cells are infrequently capable of lysing autologous lymphoma cells. PMID- 3500778 TI - Monoclonal antibodies detecting plasminogen activators on the membrane of leukemic lymphoid cells of T-cell origin. AB - The specificities of six monoclonal antibodies produced against plasminogen activator of the human Bowes melanoma cell line are described. They have been used to detect membrane-bound plasminogen activator on cultured human lymphoid cell lines and in neoplastic human lymphocytic and myeloid cells of leukemic patients. These studies indicate that only certain phenotypic subsets of the T cell lineage derived from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or with Szezary syndrome express plasminogen activator on their surface membrane. PMID- 3500779 TI - Immune response by biological response modifiers. AB - Several biological response modifiers (BRMs) were demonstrated to increase myelopoiesis and effector cell responses (M phi and natural killer cell activity) in vivo. The increased myelopoiesis was reflected by an increase in bone marrow cellularity and granulocyte-M phi colony-forming cells (GM-CFU-C). The increase in myelopoiesis appeared to be related to a concomitant increase in colony stimulated factor (CSF) production and secretion by M phi and bone marrow cells. CSF induction by BRMs increased myelopoiesis and counteracted the myelosuppressive and immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide. CSF induced in vivo by BRMs attained high titers and were maintained over a longer period than exogenously injected CSF, which was rapidly cleared from serum. PMID- 3500780 TI - Immunocompetence in pregnancy: production of interleukin-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Pregnancy is a natural allograft and the mechanisms for its non-rejection are obscure. Depression of maternal cellular immunity was suggested as a possible explanation. Interleukin-2(IL-2) is a lymphokine release from OKT4+ lymphocyte. This factor has a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of T cell subsets, and controls functions associated with immune rejection mechanisms. We therefore examined the ability of lymphocytes from women in the 3 trimesters of pregnancy to produce IL-2 in culture. Mononuclear cells were cultured with PHA for 48 h. The IL-2-containing supernatant was added to and supported the proliferation of an IL-2 dependent T cell line. Proliferation of this line indicated the IL-2 content of the added supernatant. Using this assay, IL-2 production in all 3 trimesters of pregnancy was adequate and comparable to that of lymphocytes from non-pregnant women. These results suggest that the proposed defect in cellular immunity during pregnancy is not mediated by an inability of the lymphocytes to produce IL-2. PMID- 3500781 TI - Influence of factor substitution on the B-cell response in hemophiliacs. AB - Studies in hemophiliacs receiving factor concentrates demonstrated T-cell defects in vitro. Recently, B-cell dysfunctions were described in AIDS and pre-AIDS and in some hemophiliacs. To investigate the B-cell function in hemophiliacs in relation to factor substitution, we examined five patients with mild (substitution less than 20,000 U/year) and seven with severe (greater than 100,000 U/year) hemophilia A and compared the data with normal control individuals. The B-cell proliferative response (3H-thymidine uptake) to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and the differentiation response (Ig secretion into culture supernatants) to T-cell-dependent or -independent polyclonal B-cell activators (PBAs) were studied in vitro. In contrast to T-cell dysfunctions, which correlate with the amount of clotting factor concentrates, the B-cell proliferative response was not affected. Stimulation with PBAs however failed to increase elevated spontaneous IgG levels and showed a diminished increase in IgM levels in severe, but not in mild, hemophilia. Our data give evidence of a T-cell independent B-cell dysfunction in asymptomatic hemophiliacs that correlates with factor substitution. PMID- 3500782 TI - Human lymphocyte subpopulations: analysis by multiparameter flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3500783 TI - AIDS and lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) patients display similar abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T-colony forming cells (T-CFC). AB - T-cell colonies were generated from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 61 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 54 patients with persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), 14 clinically normal male homosexuals, and 17 healthy heterosexuals. Mononuclear cells were cultured in methylcellulose in the presence of IL2-containing conditioned medium. The number of T-cell forming cells (T-CFC) from healthy male homosexuals and AIDS and LAS patients was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced compared to T-CFC from healthy heterosexuals. In AIDS patients, the low colony growth capacity of T-CFC was independent of the presence of either opportunistic infections or Kaposi sarcoma. Twelve LAS patients who subsequently developed AIDS showed the lowest capacity of peripheral blood and bone marrow T-CFC to proliferate. Pooled induced colonies from AIDS and LAS patients and normal homosexuals were composed of immature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6+, and T8+ surface phenotype, unlike colonies from normal heterosexuals, which displayed mature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6-, and T3+, T8+, T6- surface phenotype. Moreover, most T-CFC from primary colonies had lost their self-renewal capacity. In some AIDS and LAS patients but not healthy homosexuals peripheral blood and bone marrow T-CFC were capable of generating colonies with recombinant IL2 (rIL2) without any other mitogenic stimulation. The rIL2-induced colony growth was abrogated by a monoclonal antibody against the IL2 receptor. These results suggest that early impairment of T-CFC plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. PMID- 3500784 TI - B-cell reactivity in homosexuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). AB - In addition to the well known T-cell dysfunctions in AIDS, hypergammaglobulinaemia and autoimmune phenomena indicate an involvement of the B cell as well. Reports of HTLV-III/LAV-infected B cells suggest T-cell-independent B-cell abnormalities. To look for early B-cell dysfunctions, we examined a high risk group of AIDS consisting of six homosexuals with PGL and HTLV-III/LAV antibodies, comparing these data to those of patients with AIDS/ARC and a normal control. In vitro studies included the B-cell proliferation response (3H thymidine uptake) to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and the differentiation response (Ig secretion into culture supernatants) to T-cell-dependent/ independent polyclonal B-cell activators (PBAs). Profound alterations were found in both the proliferation and the differentiation responses. The weak response even to T-cell-independent PBAs indicates a B-cell dysfunction that is not due only to a T-cell defect in patients with PGL, similar to that observed in AIDS. PMID- 3500785 TI - Activated T cells in addition to LAV/HTLV-III infection: a necessary precondition for development of AIDS. AB - Urinary neopterin levels are raised with a high incidence in all risk groups for AIDS. Neopterin elevations reflect activated cellular immunity in risk group members, in some cases independently of LAV/HTLV-III infection. Moreover, we are able to show that in patients receiving multiple blood transfusions at least a transient challenge of cell-mediated immunity occurs, which is indicated in part by increasing neopterin levels. We conclude that neopterin levels are a reliable index for assessment of susceptibility for AIDS when infection with LAV/HTLV-III occurs. Activated status of cell-mediated immunity might predispose infected persons to an overwhelming infection and secondary spreading of LAV/HTLV-III, thus leading to the development of full-blown AIDS or ARC. As a consequence of these observations, T-cell-stimulatory actions and agents should intentionally be avoided. Treatment of AIDS patients with immunosuppressants should be examined. The success of therapeutic regimens should be monitored by measurement of neopterin levels. PMID- 3500786 TI - Modified nucleosides in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and individuals at high risk of AIDS: correlations with lymphadenomegaly and immunological parameters. AB - Patients with certain malignant diseases excrete in their urine elevated levels of modified nucleosides originating predominantly from the breakdown of transfer RNA (tRNA). Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), often associated with rapidly progressing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), is currently occurring in many countries. Male homosexuals are considered to be at highest risk of developing these disorders. We have previously reported that patients with AIDS excrete elevated levels of modified nucleosides. In this communication, we report on modified nucleoside levels measured in 77 male homosexuals without clinical manifestations of AIDS at the time of examination. A high frequency of abnormal nucleoside levels was found in this high-risk group. There was a trend towards higher levels in individuals with lymphadenomegaly, considered a prodrome of AIDS. Statistically significant correlations were found between some of the nucleosides (pseudouridine and dimethylguanosine) and degree of lymphadenomegaly. Pseudouridine, 1-methyl-adenosine and dimethylguanosine were inversely related to percentages of total T-lymphocytes (T11), suppressor T-lymphocytes (T8), and number of natural killer cells (Leu-7). These findings suggest that determination of urinary nucleoside levels may help identify individuals at high risk of developing AIDS. PMID- 3500787 TI - Immunological studies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: effect of TCGF and indomethacine on the in vitro lymphocyte response. AB - We studied the effects of exogenous T cell growth factor (TCGF) (= interleukin-2) and indomethacine on the lymphocyte transformation response in vitro to allogeneic cells, mitogens, and antigens in AIDS patients, those with AIDS related complex (ARC), and in healthy controls. While low amounts of TCGF reduced the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to allogeneic cells in both healthy controls and AIDS patients, large amounts of TCGF augmented the response in both groups, although the response of the patients' cells were still subnormal. By depleting the PBMC for either CD4-positive or CD8-positive cells, the effect of TCGF on suboptimally mitogen-stimulated PBMC from controls was shown to be due to an increased response in both the CD4-positive and the CD8 positive cells. In contrast, with patient cells, TCGF only increased the response of the CD4-positive cells, while that of the CD8-positive cells was largely unchanged. Thus, the lack of normalization of the mitogen response of patient cells upon addition of TCGF may be largely due to unresponsiveness of CD8 positive cells to TCGF. This observation further supports the idea that CD8 positive cells are abnormal. To investigate the role of the inhibitor of TCGF production, PGE2, in AIDS, indomethacine was added to cultures of mitogen stimulated PBMC from controls and patients. No differences were found between the three groups: the responses to PHA were slightly increased and those to Con A were unchanged. PMID- 3500788 TI - [Identification of coronary vessels with significant lesions using single photon emission cardiac tomoscintigraphy: comparison with planar scintigraphy]. PMID- 3500789 TI - [The T-lymphocyte subpopulation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type I)]. PMID- 3500791 TI - Overexpression of the human EGF receptor confers an EGF-dependent transformed phenotype to NIH 3T3 cells. AB - The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in human malignancies. To investigate the biological effects of its overexpression, we constructed a eukaryotic vector containing human EGFR cDNA. Introduction of this construct led to reconstitution of functional EGF receptors in NR6 mutant cells, which are normally devoid of this receptor. Transfection of NIH 3T3 resulted in no significant alterations in growth properties. However, EGF addition led to the formation of densely growing transformed foci in liquid culture and colonies in semisolid medium. NIH 3T3-EGFR clonal lines, which expressed the EGF at 500- to 1000-fold levels over control NIH 3T3 cells, demonstrated a marked increase in DNA synthesis in response to EGF. Thus EGF receptor overexpression appears to amplify normal EGF signal transduction. Finally, high levels of EGFR expression, which conferred a transformed phenotype to NIH 3T3 cells in the presence of ligand, were demonstrated in representative human tumor cell lines that contained amplified copies of the EGFR gene. PMID- 3500792 TI - A pre-B cell nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the immunoglobulin V-J recombination sequences. AB - DNA-nuclear protein interactions were studied with synthetic recombination signal sequences (RSSs) for immunoglobulin V-J joining. With a gel retardation assay, a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with RSSs was detected in nuclear extracts from a pre-B cell line, 38B9. This protein was found in all the recombination-competent pre-B cell lines tested in this study, but not in myeloma, mature T cell, monocyte, or fibroblast cell lines. DNA footprint analysis with dimethyl sulfate demonstrated that the 7-mer region of the RSS was strongly protected when complexed with the binding protein. Furthermore, a single base substitution in the 7-mer region totally abolished the binding. The molecular mechanism of V-J joining is discussed in the context of the RSS-binding protein. PMID- 3500790 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in airway epithelial cells of the human fetus and infant. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive cells were identified within the epithelium of distal conducting airways in the human fetus and infant. Several peptides and amines, including calcitonin, have been identified previously within a specific population of airway epithelial cells. These cells, referred to as pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, are postulated to be airway chemoreceptors responsible for changes in ventilation and perfusion in response to changes in airway gas composition. Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive cells could be identified throughout the period of development studies (20 weeks gestation to 3 months of age), but were present in only limited numbers in less than 50% of individuals (n = 23). In contrast, large numbers of calcitonin gene related peptide immunoreactive cells were identified in 100% of infants (1-3 months, n = 5) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The differential processing of mRNA transcribed from the calcitonin gene in neural and non-neural tissue suggests that calcitonin, rather than calcitonin gene-related peptide, is the primary product of translation in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. However, considering the potent vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide, its presence in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, even in small amounts, may be important in controlling pulmonary vaso- and/or bronchomotor tone. The presence of large numbers of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive cells in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia suggests that calcitonin gene-related peptide may be one further agent contributing to the pulmonary pathophysiology seen in this disease. PMID- 3500793 TI - Effect of interleukin 2 on the inhibition of human natural killer activity by monolayer cells. AB - We have previously shown that human endogenous natural killer activity against K562 is inhibited by primary cultures of natural killer-resistant monolayer target cells. In this study we have analyzed the sensitivity of activated killer cells to this inhibitory effect. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), when present during an 18 hr contact of peripheral blood lymphocytes with monolayers, did not affect the inhibition of natural killer cell activity. Pretreatment of effector cells with IL-2 for 24-62 hr before the contact with monolayer cells eradicated the inhibition caused by malignant cells, benign cells remaining inhibitory. The IL-2 pretreated effector cells killed preferentially malignant target cells, although significant cytotoxicity was also detectable against benign cell cultures. The results indicate that activation of killer cells in vitro by IL-2 involves the desensitization of effector cells to the inhibitory signals of target cells, and that the selectivity of IL-2-activated killer cells toward malignant target cells involves weaker inhibition of activated killer cells by malignant cells. PMID- 3500794 TI - Selective survival and expression of B-lymphocyte memory cells during long-term serial transplantation. AB - The expression of individual clonal products during long-term in vivo culture was investigated using a rabbit model system of bone marrow transplantation. RLA (MHC) matched rabbits were deliberately mismatched for kappa light chain immunoglobulin allotype to facilitate identification of antibodies as being of donor or recipient origin. Recipients of cells from antigen-primed donors responded to antigen stimulation with antibody of donor origin, showing that cells were effectively triggered for antibody production in the recipient. Isoelectric focusing followed by affinity immunoblotting of the expressed antibodies showed that the responding B-cell clonotype repertoire remained virtually unchanged throughout the extensive cell transfer protocol used. These results suggest that B-memory-cell stimulation, rather than stem cell differentiation, was responsible for the observed response patterns. There was no detectable increase in the heterogeneity of the donor-derived antibody response with time and no new clonotypes appeared which were not present in the cell donor. Unlike previous studies, early stimulation with antigen was not required for successful engraftment and memory cell establishment. However, our data suggest that the timing of antigenic challenge may determine which of the donor derived clones will dominate a response after antigen challenge of the recipient. PMID- 3500795 TI - Cyclosporine and the thymus: influence of irradiation and age on thymic immunopathology and recovery. AB - With the proper experimental conditions, previous studies have demonstrated that syngeneic and autologous radiation chimeras treated with cyclosporine (CsA) routinely develop a syndrome resembling graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) after CsA is discontinued. The thymus is clearly important in the pathogenesis. Thymectomy prior to CsA prevents the development of syngeneic GVHD and the process can be adoptively transferred via thymocytes. The thymus, however, must be within the field of irradiation and the animal must be young. Here we examine how irradiation and advanced age influence the thymic immunopathologic changes induced by CsA and influence the recovery post-CsA. Young LEW rats, with or without pre-CsA mediastinal irradiation, demonstrate a marked involution of the thymic medulla with associated loss of medullary epithelium, Hassall's corpuscles, class II antigen expression, and maturation of thymocytes. While the control group underwent rapid and complete regeneration of the medulla post-CsA, however, the medullary changes in the irradiated group were prolonged or permanent. Most of these animals had changes of chronic GVHD. Older LEW rats had a more prominent medulla prior to CsA. In contrast to younger rats, the medulla did not show significant involution with CsA. While the Hassall's corpuscles disappeared, the medullae still had fusiform epithelium, dendritic cells, and class II antigen expression. Phenotype stains demonstrated many mature-appearing CD4+/CD8- lymphocytes. In light of evidence indicating the importance of the medullary microenvironment to the maintenance of self tolerance, the medullary effects of CsA are most likely essential to the development of autoimmunity. Young rats rapidly lose the ability to maintain tolerance. While unirradiated rats rapidly reestablish the proper microenvironment following CsA, irradiated rats have a prolonged loss. Older rats may resist the development of autoimmunity by retaining the medullary microenvironment. PMID- 3500796 TI - B-cell stimulation by T-cell-secreted proteoglycan. AB - We have further characterized a recently described B-cell stimulatory factor that contains chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and 70- to 75-kDa protein, both of which are secreted by T cells and coisolate (T-cell proteoglycan fraction, T PGF). Using T-PGF isolated from a T-cell hybridoma (T14), it was observed that the association between B-cell stimulatory activity and CSPG is stable and comigrates on Sephacryl S-200 columns eluted at high salt concentrations (1.5 M NaCl) and on CsCl gradients. The T-PGF stimulated larger numbers of low-density (activated) B cells, but better relative PFC formation occurred in high-density (resting) B-cell fractions. It is proposed that the B-cell stimulatory activity of T-PGF is, in fact, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. PMID- 3500797 TI - Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte tolerance to minor H-43a alloantigen is induced exclusively in the context of the self major histocompatibility complex class I H 2Kb molecules. AB - We elucidated previously that cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) against H 43a allo-antigen, which we had discovered as a new mouse minor H antigen, were primed in H-43b mice only in the context of self H-2Kb restriction element, and that anti-H-43a CTLp tolerance was induced in H-43b mice by injection with H-43a spleen cells (SC) from H-43 congenic mice, i.e., under the condition of disparity at only the H-43 locus. The present study attempted to determine whether the H 2Kb restriction element for anti-H-43a CTLp priming is also implicated in the induction of anti-H-43a CTLp tolerance. For this purpose, we used a newly established H-43b C3W (H-2k) strain which is H-43 congenic to H-43a C3H/HeN. When (C3W X B10.MBR)F1 (H-43b, H-2Kk/b, Ik/k, Dk/q) mice were injected with H-43a bearing (C3H/HeN X B10.AKM)F1 (H-43a/b;H-2Kk/k,Ik/k,Dk/q)SC, their selfH-2Kb restricted anti-H-43a CTLp were were primed (cross-priming). By contrast, injection of H-43a-bearing (C3H/HeN X B10.MBR)F1 (H-43a/b; H-2Kk/b,Ik/k, Dk/q)SC, which differ from (C3H/HeN x B10.AKM) F1 SC solely at H-2K and possess H-2Kb molecules, did not prime but specifically inactivated the anti-H-43a CTLp of (C3W x B10.MBR)F1 mice. These results indicate clearly that anti-H-43a CTLp tolerance is induced exclusively in the context of the H-2Kb element expressed on the antigenic H-43a SC. PMID- 3500798 TI - [Progress on the development of anti-influenza vaccines: memorandum from a WHO meeting]. PMID- 3500799 TI - [Molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses: memorandum from a WHO meeting]. PMID- 3500800 TI - A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications. AB - A simple grading system for trachoma, based on the presence or absence of five selected "key" signs, has been developed. The method was tested in the field and showed good observer agreement, the most critical point being the identification of severe cases of the disease. It is expected that the system will facilitate the assessment of trachoma and its complications by non-specialist health personnel working at the community level. PMID- 3500801 TI - Trachoma: evaluation of a new grading scheme in the United Republic of Tanzania. AB - A new simplified grading system for trachoma, which is based on the presence or absence of five selected key signs, has been assessed. The level of inter observer variation and of variation for individual observers (intra-observer variation) showed that the system had good reproducibility following a training period that included interactive clinical teaching. The grading scheme was quickly learned by experienced ophthalmologists and auxiliary health personnel (ophthalmic nurses). The scheme should therefore be suitable for widespread application in field surveys of trachoma. PMID- 3500802 TI - Oral poliovirus vaccine in tropical Africa: greater impact on incidence of paralytic disease than expected from coverage surveys and seroconversion rates. AB - During the first 5 years of a poliomyelitis control programme in Yaounde, Cameroon, a maximum of 35% of children aged 12-23 months were estimated to have received three doses of trivalent oral vaccine. Despite this low immunization coverage and low seroconversion rates, which were determined concurrently, the estimated incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis decreased by 85%.A detailed study of immunized children and of children living in the same households suggests that community spread of the vaccine virus and cross-immunity may have partly been responsible for the dramatic decrease in the incidence of paralytic disease, and that competing non-polio enterovirus infection was not a cause for the low seroconversion rates. These results suggest that immunization coverage and seroconversion rates alone are not sufficient criteria for determining the effectiveness of control programmes that use oral poliovirus vaccine in tropical Africa; surveillance of the incidence of paralytic disease must also be carried out. PMID- 3500803 TI - Control of Aedes aegypti larvae in household water containers by Chinese cat fish. AB - In 1980-81 an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Guangdong province and in Guangxi-Zhuang autonomous region in the central-southern part of China. Subsequently, a nationwide survey indicated that the vector of the disease, Aedes aegypti, was confined to the coastal strip of Guangdong and Guangxi-Zhuang. Since the first case in the outbreak occurred in Guangxi-Zhuang, a community-based programme to control A. aegypti was set up in eight fishing villages of this region where the mosquito was breeding in household water containers. The principal method of control was use of the indigenous edible fish Clarias fuscus (Chinese cat fish), which is highly larvivorous and tolerant of harsh environmental conditions. Each container was stocked with a young fish, which could survive there for periods of up to a year. A team of primary medical personnel (barefoot doctors) made sure that the programme was correctly implemented. The programme was monitored from 1981 to 1985 in three of the villages, and the results indicated that the Breteau index remained at a low level throughout this period. PMID- 3500804 TI - Hydatidiform mole in China: a preliminary survey of incidence on more than three million women. AB - A nationwide retrospective survey to determine the incidence of hydatidiform mole has been conducted in China since 1979 by inquiring into the history of past pregnancies. Up to the end of 1983, a total of 3 089 399 women with 10 929 354 pregnancies from 26 provinces, special municipalities and autonomous regions had been investigated. The overall incidence was one mole in 1238 pregnancies (0.81 per 1000 pregnancies). The incidence was higher in five provinces of south-east China than in other parts of the country and higher among the coastal people than inlanders. Ethnic comparisons were made between the major Han and three main minority groups. The incidence was higher among the Zhuang in Guangxi and the Mongolians in Inner Mongolia than among the Han living in the same areas. However, in Ningxia, the incidence among the Hui (Muslims) was almost the same as that of the Han. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hydatidiform mole between urban and rural residents.The traditional view that hydatidiform mole occurs much more frequently among women in China and other Asian countries has to be revised. The present study shows that the incidence in China is higher than that among Caucasian women in some European countries, but it is by no means as high as previously believed. PMID- 3500805 TI - Survey of acute pesticide poisoning among agricultural workers in four Asian countries. AB - The study investigated the extent of acute pesticide poisoning in selected agricultural communities in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand, as well as the contributing factors, because it is believed that this type of poisoning is a major problem in developing countries, but not in the industrialized countries, despite their extensive use of pesticides. The study confirmed the existence of this problem, which was found to be due to inadequate knowledge of the safe practices in the use of pesticides among users and to the lack of suitable protective clothing for use by agricultural workers in hot and humid climates. PMID- 3500806 TI - Validity of clinic-based nutritional surveillance for prevalence estimation of undernutrition. AB - Few studies have been performed to assess the validity of clinic-based nutritional surveillance systems. We compared estimates of the prevalence of underweight (low weight-for-age) obtained from the clinic-based Swaziland surveillance system with estimates obtained from the 1983 National Nutrition Status Survey of Rural Swaziland. The age-adjusted prevalence of underweight among first-time clinic attenders (10.0%) was very similar to that estimated by the national survey (9.4%). However, the prevalence of underweight among children attending two or more times in a year was less than half that of first attenders (4.4%). The regional differences in the prevalence of underweight found in the national survey were not detected by the surveillance system. Surveillance data are useful in describing the nutritional status of children from clinics within the surveillance system. However, surveillance data, particularly from re attenders, will not necessarily provide a valid estimate of nutritional status within the general population or of differences between regions. PMID- 3500808 TI - HLA and antigluten antibodies in children with celiac disease. AB - IgG and IgA antigluten antibodies (Gab) were assayed in 83 celiac disease (CD) patients typed for HLA and Gm markers. Their titer and frequency were lower when a gluten-free diet was given than in active CD; these were significantly correlated, whereas no correlation was found between titer and serum Ig. Persistence of high titers was mainly confined to HLA-DR3 negative females (45% vs 6.7% of DR3 positive females and 19.3% of males). No association was found with any Gm allotype, in contrast with the previously reported involvement of the "fnb" haplotype with both CD susceptibility and Gab persistence in patients on a gluten-free diet. A technical and/or genetic explanation could be given for these differences. PMID- 3500807 TI - Potentiation of doxorubicin cytotoxicity by the calcium antagonist bepridil in anthracycline-resistant and -sensitive cell lines. A comparison with verapamil. AB - The ability of the calcium channel blocker bepridil (Bp) to potentiate doxorubicin (Dx) cytotoxicity and enhance its accumulation in anthracycline sensitive and -resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780 and 2780AD) and Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells (AUXB1 and CHRC5) was compared with that of verapamil (Vp). A continuous exposure (48-72 h) to Bp as well as Vp potentiated Dx cytotoxicity in 2780AD cells. In short-term incubations (2 h Dx and 4 h calcium channel blocker) the same effects were observed: 4 microM Bp (4Bp) and Vp (4Vp) were equipotent, but at concentrations of 1 and 2 microM, Vp was more active (4Vp = 4Bp greater than 2Vp greater than 2Bp greater than 1Vp greater than 1Bp). In CHRC5 cells the corresponding sequence was: 4Vp greater than 4Bp greater than 2Vp greater than 2Bp greater than 1Vp greater than 1Bp. At high (marginally inhibitory) concentrations, Bp and Vp reversed Dx resistance completely in CHRC5 cells and partly in 2780AD cells. No significant potentiation of Dx cytotoxicity by Bp or Vp was found in A2780 cells, but both were active in AUXB1 cells. In studies with radiolabelled Dx (2 microM), Bp and Vp (16.5 microM) stimulated accumulation in CHRC5 cells almost up to the level in AUXB1 cells. Dx accumulation in 2780AD cells (52 pmol/10(6) cells) could be stimulated to a maximum of about 90 pmol/10(6) cells (drug level in A2780 cells was 153 pmol/10(6) cells). Also, Bp- and Vp-induced stimulation of Dx accumulation was observed in AUXB1, but not in A2780 cells. Bp effected a dose-dependent inhibition of Dx efflux from preloaded 2780AD cells, but not from A2780 cells. We conclude that Bp is more effective than Vp in reversing resistance when both compounds are used in vitro at concentrations which are clinically achievable in plasma. PMID- 3500809 TI - Changes in serum CK-MB mass after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - We assessed the release of creatine kinase MB as both mass and activity during the postoperative period following cardiac surgery. CK-MB mass was determined by enzyme immunoassay using reagents obtained from Hybritech. CK-MB activity was determined both by agarose electrophoresis and by an immunochemical method. Fifty five patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and 52 control subjects who had orthopedic surgery were selected for study. Serial serum samples were collected following surgery and total LD, CK, AST, LD-1, CK-MB mass, and CK MB activity determined. Results were compared to each other and to surgical parameters. All patients exhibited significant CK-MB mass and activity after surgery and peak serum levels were 6-94 micrograms/L and 12-84 U/L, respectively. CK-MB mass correlated with CK-MB activity on paired samples (r = 0.94). Total AST and CK activities correlated with CK-MB mass (r = 0.60, and 0.63, respectively). Peak levels of CK-MB mass correlated significantly with peak MB activity (r = 0.88), peak LD-1 (r = 0.62), peak AST (r = 0.71), and time on pump (r = 0.54). Similar correlations were also seen between peak CK-MB activity and these parameters. No relationship could be identified between extent of CK-MB mass release and number of grafts, degree of hypothermia, or minimum PaO2. The time course of CK-MB mass release exhibited 85% concordance with CK-MB activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500811 TI - Impaired immunoglobulin G production in minimal change nephrotic syndrome in adults. AB - Serum IgG, T and B cell subsets, cytoplasmic IgG positive cells (cB gamma) and IgG in the medium (cIgG) of a 5 day culture of peripheral lymphocytes in both stimulated and non-stimulated (spontaneous) conditions with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were studied in 30 adult patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). In the nephrotic phase (11 patients), surface IgG positive B cells (sB gamma) and spontaneous cB gamma increased (P less than 0.05), whereas PWM stimulated cIgG did not increase, and serum IgG decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). The cB gamma/sB gamma ratio calculated as an index of IgG synthesis in B cells increased spontaneously (P less than 0.05), but did not increase under PWM-stimulation. The cIgG/cB gamma ratio as an index of IgG secretion from each matured B cell, reduced in both spontaneous and stimulated conditions (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01, respectively). In the phase of unstable remission maintained by steroid therapy (10 patients), these parameters tended to normalize and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased (P less than 0.05), while the ratio remained unchanged in the nephrotic phase. However, after discontinuation of steroid (nine patients), spontaneous cB gamma and the spontaneous cB gamma/sB gamma ratio were again increased, and the cIgG/cB gamma ratio decreased (P less than 0.05) as observed in the nephrotic phase. These results suggest that B cells in patients with MCNS both in the nephrotic state and stable remission after discontinuation of steroid are activated spontaneously, but the secretory process of IgG from the matured cells is impaired, and that steroid improves these abnormalities. PMID- 3500810 TI - Production of thymocyte-stimulating activity by cultured human thyroid epithelial cells. AB - Since thyroid follicular epithelial cells (thyrocytes) have been shown to express a number of functions similar to monocytes, they were further examined for their potency in secreting thymocyte-stimulating activity (TSA). Although spontaneous production of TSA could not be detected when thyrocytes were cultured in the culture medium, TSA was demonstrated in the culture supernatants after stimulation with the immune adjuvant lentinan. The release of TSA was found in the culture supernatants collected 24 h after stimulation and was maintained for the 4 days of culture. Maximum levels of TSA release were achieved by 2 days. In addition, when culture supernatants of thyrocytes stimulated with lentinan or monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1) were incubated with a rabbit antibody to human IL-1, a parallel reduction in TSA was observed, suggesting that the active product in the thyrocyte culture supernatant shared a common antigenic site with IL-1. The demonstration of the production of IL-1 like activity by thyrocytes provides additional evidence that these cells, in addition to their functions as endocrine cells, may also participate in the local immune responses under appropriate conditions. PMID- 3500812 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify shared idiotypes on anticardiolipin and anti-DNA antibodies in human sera. AB - Using hybridoma technology we produced monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to idiotypic determinants on human anti-cardiolipin antibodies purified from a patient with SLE. Hybridomas were screened by inhibition of cardiolipin binding activity of sera from patients with SLE. Seven hybridomas were selected, two of which were studied extensively. Sera from a number of patients with SLE were found to share idiotypic determinants. This cross-reacting idiotype was not detectable on anti cardiolipin antibodies in syphilis sera. The cross-reacting idiotype was present in sera with anti-ssDNA antibodies even though some of these sera had no anti cardiolipin antibodies. We propose that these MoAb may recognize a regulatory idiotype. PMID- 3500813 TI - Depressed natural killer cell activity in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was measured in patients within 24 h of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and regularly thereafter for 6 weeks. NK cell activity was suppressed on days 1, 3, and 7 (P less than 0.01), day 14 (P less than 0.05) and at 6 weeks (P = 0.05) when compared to controls. Interferon, interleukin 2 and indomethacin enhanced NK cell activity on all days measured, but did not completely restore the defective NK cell activity. Serum from the patients did not suppress the NK cell activity of healthy mononuclear cells. The number of NK cells, identified as large granular lymphocytes (LGL), measured on days 1, 3, and 14 and at 6 weeks was not reduced in comparison to that of controls. Thus, the defective NK cell activity can be characterized as functional. PMID- 3500814 TI - Increased lymphokine activated killer (LAK) activity in the regional lymph nodes of mice following immunization with contact sensitizing agents. AB - The regional lymph nodes of mice show increased IL-2 activated killer (LAK) activity following immunization with the contact sensitizing agents, 'oxazolone' and picryl chloride. This is best elicited with 500 mu/ml human recombinant IL-2 and can be demonstrated with both YAC-1 and K562 targets. There is also a lesser increase in NK activity. PMID- 3500815 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibody against anti-DNA in sera of laboratory personnel exposed to lupus sera or nucleic acids. AB - We tested for anti-DNA, anti-idiotypic, antinuclear, and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the sera of three groups of normals: volunteers never exposed to lupus sera or nucleic acids (group I), research personnel handling nucleic acids (group II), and laboratory personnel handling lupus sera (group III). There was no significant differences among the groups with respect to levels of either single stranded or double stranded anti-DNA. Group I showed no significant differences in binding to F(ab')2 fragments of lupus anti-DNA, lupus non-anti-DNA or normal IgG. Compared to group I, groups II and III bound significantly higher to anti-DNA F(ab')2 fragments compared to non-anti-DNA F(ab')2 or normal F(ab')2 fragments. Sera from the three groups were negative for antibodies and all but one individual from group III had normal antinuclear antibody titres. These results indicate that sera of normals exposed to lupus sera or to nucleic acids contain an anti-idiotype directed against anti-DNA antibody. The possible role of these anti-idiotypes in regulating the anti-DNA antibody is discussed. PMID- 3500817 TI - Treatment of autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice with cholera toxin. AB - The autoimmune manifestations of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr(MRL/l), a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were alleviated by administering 1 microgram cholera toxin (CT) every 14 days. The beneficial effects were: (i) significant prolongation of survival time, (ii) prevention of lymphadenopathy, (iii) improvement of T cell mitogenic responses and suppression of a B cell mitogenic response, (iv) decrease in serum anti-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies, (v) increase in IL-2 production by stimulation of spleen cells with concanavalin A (Con A). It is possible that CT may be effective for treatment of murine lupus nephritis by modulating polyclonal lymphocyte activation. This type of immunomodulation may pave the way toward treatment of lupus and other autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3500816 TI - High prevalence of antibodies to histones among patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Histones are small, basic proteins involved in the packing of DNA into the eucaryotic nucleus. Using an immunodot assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sera from patients with liver disease were tested for antibodies to the five individual histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Histones extracted from calf thymus and separated into individual fractions by gel exclusion chromatography were either immobilized on nitrocellulose or adsorbed to microtitre plates and the resulting immune complexes examined via a streptavidin biotin bridge. Of the liver disease sera tested, only specimens obtained from primary biliary cirrhosis patients contained antibodies reactive with histones. The predominant reactivity was to histone H1 and H2B, and amounted to 74% for IgM antibodies, and 60% for IgG antibodies. Our data indicate that antibodies specific for histones might represent a novel serological marker for primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 3500818 TI - [A case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) with hyperostosis frontalis interna]. PMID- 3500819 TI - Interactions between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D2: effects of pharmacologic doses in normal individuals. AB - To determine whether the administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) affects the conversion of a pharmacologic dose of vitamin D2 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 20 normal subjects received two separate doses of vitamin D2--one with and the other without the concomitant administration of 1,25(OH)2D3. Serum 1,25(OH)2D rose in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 administration and fell when vitamin D2 was given alone. Serum osteocalcin rose in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. Serum 25OHD rose in response to vitamin D2 administration regardless of whether the subjects also received 1,25(OH)2D3. The data from this study in humans support the suggestion that the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on serum 25OHD concentrations are mediated through mechanisms other than impairment of production. PMID- 3500820 TI - In vivo determination of cell mediated immune response in diabetic patients using a multiple intradermal antigen dispenser. AB - The in vivo cell mediated immune response using a multiple intradermal antigen dispenser (Multitest) was evaluated in 99 diabetic patients (24 Type I and 75 Type II) and in 50 age matched normal subjects. Seven different antigens (tetanus, diphteria, streptococcus, tubercoline, candida, trichophyton, proteus and a glycerine control) were applied in the forearm and the induration for the antigens tested was measured 48 hours later. A score was calculated adding the arithmetic means obtained with each single antigen. Overall we did not find major differences between diabetic patients and controls except Type I patients of shorter duration (less than 5 years) having a reduced response (p less than 0.05) and both Type I and Type II patients showing an elevated response to candida antigen (p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between the intradermal response and metabolic control. As the intradermal test is a model for delayed type of hypersensitivity, these data suggest that the in vivo lymphocyte to lymphocyte cooperation in patients with long standing diabetes is not impaired. PMID- 3500821 TI - The response of intracellular and surface ferritin after T-cell stimulation in vitro. AB - 1. Measurements of T-lymphocyte surface ferritin using flow cytometry show that phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation causes a marked increase in the number of cells bearing spleen-type (S) and heart-type (H) ferritin on their membrane, whereas no such change occurs in non-stimulated cells. This coincides with increases in interleukin-2 receptors, transferrin receptors and HLA-DR antigen. 2. There is an increase in the intracellular concentration of both S- and H ferritin in lymphocytes after PHA stimulation: H-ferritin increases five- to seven-fold, but S-ferritin only two-to three-fold. The maximum H/S ratio is about 15/1. However, these increases also occur in cells cultured in the absence of PHA. 3. Small amounts of both S- and H-ferritin are released into the medium, especially from stimulated cells, but the H/S ratios are lower than intracellular ratios. 4. The present findings suggest that lymphocyte stimulation followed by ferritin synthesis is accompanied by an increase in the amount of intracellular and cell surface ferritin and, possibly, the amount released from the cells. PMID- 3500822 TI - Proceedings of the International Workshop on Follow-up Studies in Rheumatology. 29 September 1986, Freiburg, West Germany. PMID- 3500823 TI - An epidemiologically based follow-up study of recent arthritis. Incidence, outcome and classification. AB - Incidence and outcome of inflammatory joint disease (IJD) were studied by an epidemiologically based follow-up study of unselected adult arthritis patients. The annual incidence of all IJD together was 2.18% in the population of 16 years and older; 5.67% in the HLA B27 positive and 1.62% in the B27 negative population. Almost half of all arthritides were of non-specific nature. Incidence of definite rheumatoid arthritis was 0.42% per year. The outcome after 8 years was worst in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and best in seronegative oligoarthritis of unknown etiology. Outcome of seronegative polyarthritis was bimodal: majority of patients with a favourable and minority with a poor outcome. In Yersinia arthritis, patients with a mainly IgA-class antibody response had a more severe clinical picture than those with a mainly IgG-class response. Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis at the early stage of the disease should be based on specific features like rheumatoid factor, radiological signs, symmetric peripheral polyarthritis and morning stiffness with a long duration. Erosive rheumatoid arthritis is almost always seropositive, at least at some stage of the disease. PMID- 3500824 TI - Outcome of possible ankylosing spondylitis in a 10 years' follow-up study. AB - Of 88 selected patients with possible ankylosing spondylitis (AS) 54 (61%) participated in two phases of a 10 years' follow-up study. Thirty-two (59%) developed definite AS according to the New York criteria, 10 (19%) had possible/undifferentiated seronegative spondylarthropathy (SSA) and 12 patients had other diagnoses. Only 3 (9%) of 35 patients with sacroiliitis did not fulfill the New York criteria for definite AS until the last examination. Sacroiliitis and radiological spinal signs of AS appeared rather late above a mean age of 40 years and after a mean disease duration of more than 10 years. After 18 years mean disease duration 25 (78%) of 32 AS patients had good or sufficient functional capacity indicating an overall good functional prognosis. HLA B27 typing proved to be useful in patients with possible early AS: 29 (71%) of 41 B27 positive and 3 (23%) of 13 B27 negative patients developed definite AS (p less than 0.005). A combination of the B27 test with data of the history, clinical, laboratory, and radiological examination proposed as early diagnostic criteria detected patients with the outcome diagnosis of definite AS with even higher significance (p less than 0.001). These criteria were also useful in the identification of patients with possible or undifferentiated SSA. The recently recognized entity of undifferentiated SSA should only be diagnosed after long term follow-up. PMID- 3500825 TI - Follow-up study of Reiter's disease and reactive arthritis. Factors influencing the natural course and the prognosis. AB - The acute clinical picture and long-term prognosis of 160 patients with Reiter's disease (RD), and 144 patients with reactive arthritis triggered by yersinia infection (YA), was analysed. Most of the patients with RD were men, while YA was as common among male and female patients. YA manifested in a third of patients as incomplete or complete RD. The long-term prognosis in RD was less favourable than in YA. Recurrent arthritis, development of chronic destructive arthritis and radiologic sacroiliitis were more frequent in RD than in YA. The presence of HLA B27 was the major factor determining extra-articular inflammatory symptoms and the development of chronic problems. PMID- 3500826 TI - Natural course and prognosis of HLA-B27-positive oligoarthritis. AB - A long-term follow-up of 119 patients with the descriptive diagnosis of B27 positive oligoarthritis showed that after a time between months to several years about half of the patients with this condition develop a definite disease of the seronegative spondarthritis group, especially ankylosing spondylitis. Another great part of the patients go into a complete and presumably persistent remission of their arthritis. After a follow-up time of 8 to 12 years, about 10% present a recurrent B27-associated oligoarthritis with some special clinical features. It is to be discussed whether this condition is a separate disease entity or still an abortive form of a well-known disease of the seronegative spondarthritis group. PMID- 3500827 TI - Study suggests surgery improves survival in subset of patients with unstable angina. PMID- 3500828 TI - Modulation of fibroblast growth and glycosaminoglycan synthesis by interleukin-1. AB - Cellular response to inflammatory mediators is central to the regulation of new scar tissue formation. Fibroblasts derived from normal dermis and from 14-day old skin wound granulation tissue were compared with regard to production of non collagenous extracellular matrix and response to interleukin-1 (IL-1). Following a serum-free 48 hour labeling with [3H]-glucosamine, the cellular, pericellular and medium fractions from the two cell types were collected, precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. In addition, susceptibility of precipitates to the polysaccharidases Streptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC was determined. Labeled conditioned medium from both cell types contained dermatan sulfate (DS) and hyaluronate (HA), although the relative amounts of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were different. Medium from normal dermal fibroblasts contained more DS than HA, while 14-day granulation tissue culture medium contained a proportionately larger amount of HA. The amount of HA in the medium fraction of normal dermal fibroblasts was increased approximately 10-fold in the presence of 5 U/ml IL-1, while HA in the medium of wound-derived fibroblasts was quantitatively unaffected by addition of the mediator. Pericellular GAG consisted of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), with no observable differences between the two cell types and no effect of IL-1 on this profile for either cell type. Conditioned medium from both cell types contained IL-1 activity (measured by thymocyte proliferation assay), with medium from 14-day granulation tissue fibroblasts containing 10-fold higher activity than normal dermal fibroblast medium. PMID- 3500829 TI - Supernatant from an activated human CD4+ T-cell clone modulates the proliferation and collagen synthesis of human dental pulp fibroblasts. AB - Several studies indicate a relationship between immunocompetent cells and fibroblast functions such as proliferation and collagen synthesis, which may be of importance in understanding the process of fibrosis. We demonstrate here the activity of supernatant from an activated human CD4+ proliferative T-cell clone (2F1) in stimulating the proliferation of human dental pulp fibroblasts, while inhibiting their soluble type I collagen secretion in either growing or confluent cultures. Taken together, our results indicate that T-cell derived lymphokines may be of importance in regulating normal dental pulp fibroblast functions. PMID- 3500830 TI - Pathways to full mouth extraction. AB - The process of not attending the dentist is a vicious cycle in which anxiety plays a crucial role. A research project concerning the disease and non-disease reasons for full mouth extraction provided an opportunity to describe the dental histories in terms of dental attendance pattern and related factors which resulted in full dentures. Three profiles of dental histories could be outlined: 1) The regular attenders (19%). Because of their age (means = 47 yr), their positive attitude towards dentistry together with their positive attitude towards full dentures, it is suggested that the possibilities of keeping the natural dentition were exhausted so that full mouth extraction was an acceptable solution. 2) The symptomatic attenders (38%). Because anxiety, which was widespread in this group, was not based on negative experiences, it is suggested that anxiety is caused by social learning. Together with their positive attitude towards full dentures, the high prevalence of full dentures in their social environment and their low socioeconomic status, the conclusion is drawn that these patients lived in a culture which supports behavior that leads to total tooth loss. 3) Once regular attenders (43%). In this group anxiety leads to a negative perception of dental visits and to a negative attitude towards dentists. As a consequence dental visits are deferred, which results in deterioration of the dentition. Experiences with dentists are distorted in a negative way, which increases dental anxiety. Facilitated by a positive attitude towards full dentures, their bad dental condition finally urges them to take full dentures at early age. PMID- 3500831 TI - Terrien's marginal degeneration associated with central anterior basement membrane-like dystrophic changes. AB - A 48-year-old man has been followed for 15 months for what was clinically diagnosed as Terrien's marginal degeneration combined with anterior basement membrane dystrophy. This patient was originally referred for evaluation and consultation regarding his basement membrane changes, fluctuating vision, and recurrent erosion symptoms. This is believed to be the first reported case of Terrien's marginal degeneration associated with anterior basement membrane dystrophy. PMID- 3500833 TI - Bilateral idiopathic lipid keratopathy. PMID- 3500832 TI - Superficial epithelial keratectomy in the treatment of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. AB - Thirty-three eyes with symptomatic epithelial basement dystrophy, unresponsive to current standard modalities of therapy, were treated with a total superficial epithelial keratectomy. Follow-up was from 2 months to 7 years 5 months with an average of 47 months. All patients were relieved of their preoperative symptoms and only 3% have shown any evidence of recurrence of their dystrophic process. PMID- 3500834 TI - Ultrastructure of thymus and liver following adrenalectomy and replacement adrenal hormone therapy in rats. AB - Prior research in this laboratory has shown that dexamethasone, aldosterone, and epinephrine interact in regulating the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17, ODC) in rat thymus and liver. The three primary adrenal hormones were administered alone and in various combinations to adrenalectomized rats. Liver and thymus samples were removed, prepared for electron microscopy, and morphometric analysis of thymic micrographs was performed. It was found that both corticosteroids induced thymic lympholysis and that concurrent administration of epinephrine 'rescued' the lymphocytes. Observations of liver micrographs indicated that changes in liver glycogen deposition vary in response to the hormone treatment regimen. The liver response to a combination of the glucocorticoid and catecholamine was different from the response to the mineralocorticoid and catecholamine, which indicated that the liver response to the two steroids may be mediated via different mechanisms. Evidence is provided to support the conclusion that the influence of the adrenal gland on rat thymus and liver is not restricted to glucocorticoids but may also involve mineralocorticoids and catecholamines. PMID- 3500835 TI - A cytogenetic, phenotypic, and molecular study of an immunoblastic lymphoma with a 14q + translocation. AB - An uncultured immunoblastic lymphoma, obtained from an untreated patient, was examined from a cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, and molecular viewpoint. The B cell lineage, immunoglobulin light-chain type, and percentage of neoplastic cells were determined immunologically. Karyotyping showed the presence of a 14q + marker and suggested that the donor chromosome was chromosome 8. Southern-blot analysis of DNA from normal and lymphoma cells, using a molecular probes sequences related to the IGHJ and IGK immunoglobulin genes, confirmed the immunophenotype. A similar analysis, using probes homologous to IGHAC and MYC genes, showed that the t(8;14) detected by cytogenetic analysis resulted in a IGHAC-MYC rearrangement. PMID- 3500836 TI - Late manifestation of chronic liver disease in adults with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - A review of 19 adult patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AT deficiency) and chronic liver disease revealed a late onset of symptomatic hepatic abnormalities in this condition. Thirteen patients (68%) were 60 years or older when the liver disease was discovered. The mean age of the patients with the ZZ, SZ, and MZ phenotypes was 58, 66, and 72.5 years, respectively; this suggested a later onset of the liver disease in the heterozygotes. At the time of diagnosis, the hepatic condition usually was advanced; in eight patients (42%) the survival was less than two years. The most important associated condition was chronic obstructive lung disease which was found in 10 patients (53%). We conclude that advanced age and the high incidence of obstructive lung disease make it unlikely that liver transplantation will become a common therapeutic option for adult patients with A1AT deficiency and associated liver disease. Periodic screening of liver function may be indicated in patients with A1AT deficiency so that chronic liver disease can be diagnosed early, particularly if current attempts to develop effective medical therapy for this condition are successful. PMID- 3500837 TI - Influence of acoustic stress by noise on gastrointestinal motility in dogs. AB - The effects of acoustic stress (AS) on gastrointestinal motility and their prevention by previous treatment with naloxone, phentolamine, propranolol, muscimol, and diazepam were investigated in intact and vagotomized fasted dogs fitted with chronically implanted strain gauges on the antrum at 10 cm from pylorus and on the jejunum at 70 and 140 cm from the pylorus. These effects were compared to those produced by intracerebroventricular administration of ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF). Beginning 40-50 min after the occurrence of a gastric migrating motor complex (MMC), a 1-hr hearing of prerecorded intense music through earpieces (less than 100 dB) delayed the occurrence of the next gastric MMC observed after 2.8 +/- 1.2 hr, while jejunal MMC were still present at a normal frequency. During AS, heart rate and plasma cortisol were significantly increased by 32.7 and 215%, respectively, 10-15 min after the beginning of hearing. The AS-induced lengthening of the gastric MMC cycle as well as cortisol increase were abolished after previous administration of diazepam (0.5 mg/kg intramuscular) or muscimol (10 micrograms/kg intravenous), while they were still present after naloxone (0.1 mg/kg intravenous), phentolamine (0.2 mg/kg intravenous), or propranolol (0.1 mg/kg intravenous). CRF administered intracerebroventricularly (100 ng/kg) also delayed the occurrence of gastric MMC without affecting jejunal motility, and this effect was not antagonized by previous treatment with diazepam or muscimol. Both the effects of AS and CRF were abolished after bilateral thoracic vagotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500838 TI - Contact lens-induced pseudo-dystrophy of the cornea? AB - Whitish dots in the stroma of the cornea resembling the cloudy dystrophy were observed in 4 patients wearing HEMA contact lenses; a lattice-like corneal pattern was seen in another patient wearing HEMA contact lenses. There were no complaints. Visual acuity was normal. Corneal sensitivity was normal or reduced. The pseudo-dystrophies vanished after replacement of the HEMA lenses by Boston IV material. PMID- 3500839 TI - [Dieulafoy's exulceratio simplex. A rare but serious cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. AB - Twelve patients suffering from haemorrhages from a superficial exulceration (Dieulafoy's disease) were treated on an emergency basis during the period from 1981 to 1987. Preoperative diagnosis by means of gastroscopy was possible in 3 cases only. The sites of predilection within the cardia and near to it, except the curvatures, determined the surgical access by means of high gastrotomy independent of a verification of the diagnosis. In 11 cases the therapy consisted of the purse-string ligature, in one case endoscopic sclerosing was successful. The mortality rate was 16.6%. PMID- 3500840 TI - Seasonality of cholera in Tanzania: possible role of rainfall in disease transmission. PMID- 3500841 TI - Cardiovascular research: a luxury in tropical Africa? PMID- 3500842 TI - The pattern of childhood bronchial asthma as seen at Muhimbili Medical Centre, Das es Salaam. PMID- 3500843 TI - A community study of neonatal tetanus in Kenya. PMID- 3500844 TI - Multiple myeloma in Zimbabweans. I. PMID- 3500845 TI - EEG and rCBF evidence for left frontocortical activation when memorizing verbal material. PMID- 3500846 TI - Cross-sectional age-related changes in the cognitive components. PMID- 3500847 TI - N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate: a supplement to endoscopic sclerotherapy. AB - We report on our two years' experience with the tissue adhesive n-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate. During this period 202 patients suffering from esophagogastric varices were treated endoscopically. With the aid of the tissue adhesive the conventional sclerotherapy with Polidocanol 1% has been clearly improved. Problems concerning early recurrent bleeding and fundic varices are satisfactorily solved. The endoscopic hemostasis of severe variceal bleedings has become safer and surer. The overall hospital mortality of these patients has sunk from 31.5 to 17.5%. Cyanoacrylate is a very useful substance for obliterating large esophagogastric varices. However, the complete elimination of esophageal varices, which is the guarantee for a long-term freedom from recurrent bleeding, can only be achieved by using a genuine sclerosing agent. PMID- 3500848 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of the excluded gastric antrum. AB - A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with GI haemorrhage. Twenty-two years previously, she had had a Billroth II operation to treat a duodenal ulcer. A gastroscopy performed on admission showed two ulcers on the anastomotic crest. We were able to visualize all of the blind duodenal pouch and how in the proximal end the mucosa was prominent and different in colour. Excluded gastric antrum was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. We discuss the different approaches to the diagnosis of excluded gastric antrum, and we conclude that endoscopy must play important role in the diagnosis of this pathology. PMID- 3500849 TI - Prognostication and stratification in upper GI bleeding: uni- or multivariate statistical analyses? PMID- 3500850 TI - Effects of preoperative roommate assignment on preoperative anxiety and recovery from coronary-bypass surgery. AB - This study examined the effect of preoperative roommate assignment on the preoperative anxiety and postoperative recovery of 27 male coronary-bypass patients. Patients were assigned preoperatively to a roommate who was either similar or dissimilar in his surgical status (preoperative vs. postoperative, respectively) and either similar or dissimilar in his type of operation (cardiac vs. noncardiac, respectively). The results indicated that the similarity/dissimilarity of a roommate's surgical status exerted important effects. Specifically, patients who before their operations had a postoperative roommate were less anxious preoperatively, were more ambulatory postoperatively, and were released more quickly from the hospital than patients who before their operations had a preoperative roommate. In contrast, the similarity/dissimilarity of the roommate's type of operation exerted no significant effects either separately or in interaction with the similarity of the roommate's surgical status. Theoretical implications, possible mechanisms, and practical implications for hospital policy are discussed. PMID- 3500851 TI - Expression of variant von Willebrand factor (vWF) cDNA in heterologous cells: requirement of the pro-polypeptide in vWF multimer formation. AB - Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a multimeric plasma glycoprotein synthesized by vascular endothelial cells as a pre-pro-polypeptide with a highly repetitive domain structure, symbolized by the formula: (H)-D1-D2-D'-D3-A1-A2-A3-D4-B1-B2-B3 C1-C2-(OH) A heterologous expression system for the synthesis of recombinant vWF protein was developed, consisting of a monkey kidney cell line (COS-1), transfected with full-length vWF cDNA. This system was shown to mimic the constitutive secretory pathway of vWF in endothelial cells, since dimerization and multimerization occur similarly. To determine whether the pro-polypeptide, composed of the domains D1 and D2, is involved in vWF multimerization, a vWF cDNA was constructed that lacked the coding sequence for the pro-polypeptide. The mutant vWF protein, expressed by COS-1 cells transfected with this cDNA, did not assemble beyond the dimer stage. From this observation, we conclude that (i) dimerization does not involve the pro-polypeptide of pro-vWF and (ii) the presence of the pro-polypeptide, as part of pro-vWF, is obligatory for multimerization. It is argued that the interactions, required for interchain binding, are mediated by the D domains. PMID- 3500854 TI - Modulation of induced reversion frequency by nucleotide pool imbalance as a tool for mutant characterization. AB - Addition of thymidine (TdR) or deoxycytidine (CdR) to the culture medium during posttreatment incubation affected the frequency of mutagen-induced reversion in three hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase-deficient mutants of V79 Chinese hamster cells. With two of the mutants (E20 and I3), reversions induced by N-ethylnitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and methyl methanesulfonate were enhanced by TdR and were either decreased (E20) or not affected (I3) by CdR. With the third mutant (E21), alkylating agent-induced reversions were enhanced by CdR and decreased by TdR. Finally, 6-amino-2-hydroxypurine induced reversions were enhanced by TdR in mutant I3 and were decreased by TdR or deoxyadenosine (AdR) and enhanced by CdR in mutant E21. An attempt was made to reconcile these results with simple mutation mechanisms, based on either G:C to A:T or A:T to G:C transitions. It is suggested that the present approach may add useful information to studies of specific revertibility of mammalian cell mutants with known mutagens. PMID- 3500853 TI - CSF-1-induced gene expression in macrophages: dissociation from the mitogenic response. AB - Early gene expression associated with the mitogenic response to colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) has been examined in BAC1.2F5, a CSF-1-dependent murine macrophage cell line. Stimulation of arrested cells by CSF-1 resulted in acute, transient elevation in c-fos and subsequently in c-myc mRNA levels. Dramatic, sustained elevations were observed for JE and KC mRNAs, which are induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in 3T3 cells. The kinetics of expression of all four messages were similar to those reported in PDGF-stimulated fibroblasts, implying a program of gene expression common to these two mitogens. Granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) can replace CSF-1 in stimulating the growth of 2F5 cells. It induced mRNAs for c-fos, c-myc and JE but not KC. Therefore KC expression, although correlated with mitogenesis, is not required for proliferation. The effects of CSF-1 were also examined in cells cycling continuously in its absence: 2F5 cells incubated in GM-CSF and an autonomous variant subclone of 2F5. In either case, the only detected growth effect of CSF-1 was a reduction in doubling-time. Nevertheless, all four of the mRNAs induced by CSF-1 in arrested cultures of 2F5 were strongly induced with the same kinetics in these cycling cells. Thus it would appear that the functions mediated by this early-gene program are not restricted to the mitogenic stimulation of arrested cells. PMID- 3500852 TI - Structure and expression of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2/IL-6) gene. AB - The chromosomal DNA segment of human B cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2/IL-6) was isolated and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The human BSF-2/IL-6 gene consists of five exons and four introns and its organization shows a distinctive similarity to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene. The two genes have the same number of exons and introns and the size of each exon is strikingly similar. The BSF-2/IL-6 mRNA was found to be constitutively expressed in a human T cell leukemia virus-1 transformed T cell line, TCL-Na1, a bladder cell carcinoma line, T24, and an amnion derived cell line, FL. The BSF-2/IL-6 mRNA was also found to be inducible with interleukin-1 beta in an astrocytoma line, U373 and a glioblastoma line, SK-MG-4. S1 mapping and primer extension analyses showed the presence of multiple initiation sites and the preferential utilization of a different initiation site for each individual tissue tested. PMID- 3500855 TI - Mutagenesis of murine granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor reveals critical residues near the N terminus. AB - A number of cDNAs encoding mutant forms of the murine haemopoietic growth factor, granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been derived by in vitro mutagenesis and expressed in simian COS cells. Determination of the biological activity of the mutant factors revealed that residues within the regions 11-15, 24-37, 47-49 and 81-89 are required for generating a functional GM CSF molecule. In particular, truncation of either of two strongly predicted alpha helices near the N terminus of the molecule severely depresses the activity of the factor. PMID- 3500856 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA for human complement component C1s. The complete amino acid sequence. AB - The complete amino acid sequence (673 residues plus 15 residues of leader sequence) of human complement component C1s has been determined by nucleotide sequencing of cDNA clones from a human liver library probed with synthetic oligonucleotides. Much of the sequence is supported by independent amino acid sequence information. The cDNA sequence contains an anomalous "intron-like" sequence, including a stop codon, that can be discounted because of the amino acid sequence evidence. The N-terminal chain (422 residues) of C1s, like that of C1r with which it is broadly homologous, contains five domains: domains I and III are homologous to one another and to similar regions in C1r, domain II is homologous to the epidermal growth factor sequence found in C1r and several other proteins, and domains IV and V are homologous to one another and to the 60 residue repeating sequence found in C1r, C2, factor B, C4-binding protein and some apparently unrelated proteins. The sequence of the C-terminal chain (251 residues) agrees with that already established to be the "serine protease" domain of C1s. PMID- 3500857 TI - Expression of interleukins in L cells transfected with human DNA. AB - We have obtained, by transfection of mouse L cells with total human DNA, clones that constitutively secreted human interleukins IL1, IL2 and B-cell grown-factor activities, as assessed by specific biological assays. Southern analysis with IL2 and IL1 beta cDNAs confirmed the integration of the corresponding human genes in the genome of recipient mouse cells and showed their amplification and rearrangement. All the four IL2-secreting clones integrated in the mouse genome the human IL2 gene. Three out of the sixteen IL1-producing clones contained the IL1 beta gene. The IL1 activity secreted by the remaining clones exhibited a molecular mass of 17 kDa similar to that reported for mature human macrophage IL1. Our results demonstrate that DNA-mediated gene transfer may represent a suitable tool for the production of human growth and differentiation factors and the cloning of their genes. PMID- 3500858 TI - Reinternalization of secretory proteins during membrane recycling in rat pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Membrane recycling in pancreatic acinar cells involves endocytic vesicle formation at the apical cell surface and rapid membrane traffic to the Golgi complex. During this process a small amount of extracellular content is taken up from the acinar lumen. In order to determine whether secretory proteins already released into the pancreatic acinar lumen are reinternalized during membrane retrieval, 3H-labeled amylase or 125I-labeled secretory proteins were reinfused through the pancreatic duct until the lumina were reached. Tissue samples from various time points were prepared for light and electron microscope autoradiography. The observations showed that [3H]amylase and, to a lesser extent, the 125I-labeled secretory proteins were internalized at the apical cell surface and rapidly (within 2-5 min) transferred to the Golgi cisternae and the condensing vacuoles; only a minor proportion of silver grains was observed over lysosomes. In addition, at later time points, mature secretion granules close to the Golgi complex became labeled. The results indicate that exocytosis in the rat exocrine pancreas does not operate at 100% efficiency; part of the exported amylase and part of the total secretion product are reinternalized concomitantly with the endocytic removal of plasma membrane and are copackaged together with newly synthesized secretory proteins. PMID- 3500859 TI - Rapid decrease in lymphocyte adherence to high endothelial venules in lymph nodes deprived of afferent lymphatic vessels. AB - Occlusion of the afferent lymph flow to the lymph node (LN) results in both flattening of the endothelium of high endothelial venules (HEV) and a severe decrease in numbers of lymphocytes in transit across the walls of the flattened HEV. In the present study we have used the in vitro lymphocyte-binding assay to investigate the ability of HEV in rat LN to bind lymphocytes at various time points after occlusion of the afferent lymph flow. In addition the specificity of T and B lymphocyte adherence to HEV of such operated LN was studied. In normal LN, lymphocytes adhered to virtually all HEV using the in vitro binding assay. However, 1 and 2 weeks after operation lymphocytes bound to only 50-60% of the HEV and by 3-6 weeks 20-30%. The total numbers of lymphocytes bound to these HEV had also diminished to 10% of the control value 3-6 weeks after operation. Morphometric analysis showed that this was not only due to a reduction in the area of HEV endothelium available for lymphocyte adherence by flattening of the high endothelial cells, but also to a strong decrease in the numbers of bound lymphocytes per unit area high endothelium. In spite of the reduction in numbers of adhering lymphocytes the T/B cell ratio did not change. The results show that the reduction in lymphocyte binding of HEV in operated LN is a rapid event, probably due to loss of high endothelial cell determinants involved in binding of lymphocytes. The decrease in lymphocyte binding clearly precedes flattening of HEV endothelium suggesting that the height of high endothelial cells is of secondary importance to lymphocyte adherence. PMID- 3500860 TI - Response of human B cells to different anti-immunoglobulin isotypes: absence of a correlation between early activation events and cell proliferation. AB - Cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) by antibodies against IgM, IgG and IgD activates B cells and in some circumstances can induce cell proliferation. We studied the potential link between anti-Ig-induced changes in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), inositol phosphate production and the ability to induce cell proliferation in the presence or absence of the phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Anti-IgM, but not anti-IgD or anti-IgG, induced cell proliferation in the presence but not the absence of TPA. Each of the antibodies induced a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i which appeared to be due to release of Ca2+ from internal stores. This was followed by a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i, apparently due to Ca2+ uptake from the extracellular medium. Anti-IgD induced the greatest increase in [Ca2+]i, anti-IgM induced intermediate changes and anti-IgG the lowest change. Since inositol 1,3,5-trisphosphate (IP3) can release Ca2+ from internal stores, we tested the ability of each anti-Ig isotype to increase concentrations of IP3. In contrast to the change in [Ca2+]i and proliferation, anti-IgG induced the most significant increase in IP3 concentrations. Taken together these data indicate that changes in [Ca2+]i, inositol phosphate production and anti-Ig-induced human B cell proliferation are not directly linked. They also demonstrate that changes in [Ca2+]i, inositol phosphate production and activation of protein kinase C are not sufficient to induce proliferation of human B cells. It appears that anti-IgM induces an additional Ca2+-independent, inositol phosphate-independent and protein kinase C independent activation signal which can collaborate with TPA to induce B cell proliferation. The molecular events involved in this signal remain to be identified. PMID- 3500861 TI - Recombinant human interleukin 5 is an eosinophil differentiation factor but has no activity in standard human B cell growth factor assays. AB - Following the observation that mouse interleukin 5 (IL5) is active as a B cell growth factor (BCGF) as well as an eosinophil differentiation factor, this work was carried out to test recombinant human IL5 for BCGF activity. A highly active, partially purified batch of recombinant human IL5 was prepared and tested for BCGF activity in four laboratories. This batch gave a 50% endpoint of 1:77,450 in the human eosinophil differentiation assay, 1:983 in the mouse eosinophil differentiation assay and 1:42 in the mouse BCL1 assay, thus demonstrating that, like mouse IL5, human IL5 has cross-species activity. By comparison with the assays in the mouse this batch would be expected to have 50% maximal human BCGF activity of about 1:4000. In each assay a known positive factor was used as a positive control, and there was no inhibitory activity in the preparation. However, despite the activity towards the mouse B cell lymphoma, the results showed no detectable activity in a panel of assays used to identify human BCGF and B cell differentiation factors. These assays included (a) proliferation assays with tonsillar or splenic B cells in the presence of the co-stimulators anti-mu or phorbol myristate acetate; (b) a restimulation assay in which tonsillar B cells are first activated with either Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 or a mixture of phorbol dibutyrate and ionomycin, or splenic B cells are first activated with anti-mu; (c) production of immunoglobulin by B cells in a restimulation assay with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1; (d) production of immunoglobulin by the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid CESS cell line; (e) the ability to stimulate proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells freshly explanted from three different patients; (f) the ability to stimulate the B lymphoma (L4) cell line and the mature B cell (HBF1) line, and (g) the ability to replace T cells in specific antibody responses. It therefore seems unlikely that recombinant human IL5 is either a growth or a differentiation factor for human B cells, and raises the interesting question of the biological significance of the BCGF activity of this factor in the mouse. PMID- 3500862 TI - Suppressive effects of C3b on monocyte-dependent T cell proliferation. AB - The effect of C3b treatment of human monocytes on secondary antigen-dependent T cell response was studied. When antigen-specific T cell blasts were cultivated together with C3b-treated monocytes the proliferative response was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. This suppressive effect was specific for C3b because heat inactivated C3b or buffer alone had no influence on T cell proliferation. In part, this suppressive effect is mediated through a C3b-induced decreased expression of class II antigens on the surface of treated monocytes, but another suppressive mechanism exists because the C3b pretreatment of monocytes also led to an inhibition of the proliferative response in a class II antigen-independent T cell proliferation system. In addition to the C3b data, our finding that treatment of monocytes with C3d resulted in a lower T cell proliferation, while C3c has no effect, suggested that C3d, which could be generated from C3b in the culture, may induce the second inhibitory mechanism. PMID- 3500863 TI - Activation of macaque T cells and B cells with agonistic monoclonal antibodies. AB - A series of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to human differentiation antigens known to have agonistic activity for human T or B cells was found to bind specifically to macaque T or B cell subsets. Most of these mAb also stimulated macaque lymphocyte proliferation, implying that they recognize functional homologues in monkeys. Anti-CD3, anti-CD28 (9.3), and anti-Lp220 (CD45R) mAb stimulated proliferation of both human and macaque T cells; similarly, anti-IgM and anti-CDw40 mAb stimulated both human and macaque B cells. In contrast, anti CD20 and anti-CD39 mAb, which are known to stimulate human B cells, did not stimulate macaque B cells. A human low-molecular weight B cell growth factor (BCGF) and anti-IgM were co-stimulatory for macaque splenic B cells but not for blood B cells, suggesting that B cell subpopulations may differ in their responsiveness to BCGF. The results show that functional epitopes on some lymphocyte surface molecules such as CD28 or CDw40 are conserved in primate evolution. Functional epitopes on other cell surface molecules such as CD3 and CD20 may have more complex evolutionary constraints. PMID- 3500864 TI - Alloreactive T cell clones transformed by Theileria parva retain cytolytic activity and antigen specificity. AB - Theileria parva is a protozoan parasite which infects and transforms bovine lymphocytes. This study examined the effects of Theileria-induced transformation on phenotype and function, in terms of cytolytic potency and specificity, of class I and class II-specific alloreactive T cell clones. Alloreactive T cell clones infected with T. parva (Muguga) retained expression of the T cell differentiation antigens BoT2, BoT4, BoT8 and the mature T cell antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody IL-A27, as well as cytolytic function and antigen specificity, over a period of 3-4 months in continuous culture. These features were identical to those expressed by the uninfected parent clones. During this period, neither antigenic stimulation nor exogenous growth factors were required for the maintenance of proliferation, function or antigen specificity. Thereafter, cytolytic activity declined and was eventually lost, which may reflect degenerative changes normally associated with T cell senescence rather than result from parasitization per se. PMID- 3500865 TI - Synergistic interaction between dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor agonists: circling behaviour of rats with hemitransection. AB - Circling behaviour induced by dopamine (DA) agonists with different D-1/D-2 receptor selectivity was studied in rats with hemitransection at a level caudal to the striatum. The mixed D-1/D-2 agonist apomorphine induced ipsilateral circling behaviour after administration of doses similar to those that induced stereotyped behaviour in unlesioned rats. The effect of apomorphine was not influenced by co-treatment with SK & F 38393 or quinpirole, indicating that apomorphine induces a comparable D-1 and D-2 receptor stimulation in vivo also. Three selective D-1 agonists, SK & F 38393, SK & F 75670 and Lu 24-040 had no effects alone, while the preferential D-2 agonists quinpirole, pergolide and (-) N-propylnorapomorphine induced ipsilateral circling of weaker intensity than did apomorphine. After co-treatment with SK & F 38393 the effects of these compounds were markedly increased. Combination of SK & F 38393, SK & F 75670 or Lu 24-040 with quinpirole induced circling with intensities similar to those seen after apomorphine. Pretreatment with the D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 or the D-2 antagonist YM 09151-2 completely antagonized the ipsilateral circling induced by either apomorphine or quinpirole + SK & F 38393. A range of partial (autoreceptor) D-2 agonists, i.e. (-)-3-PPP, (+)-3-phenethyl-PP, terguride, EMD 23448 and B-HT 920 were all ineffective as was the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. However, B-HT 920 induced strong ipsilateral circling after combination with SK & F 38393, whereas (-)-3-PPP was ineffective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500867 TI - Similar inhibitory effects of dantrolene sodium on twitch tension and on silver ion-induced contracture in skeletal muscle. AB - To determine the mechanism by which Ag+ induces a transient contracture in skeletal muscle, the effect of dantrolene sodium on the Ag+ contracture was examined and the findings compared with those for the twitch, tetanus and caffeine contracture. The inhibition of twitch by dantrolene was equivalent to that of the Ag+ contracture at concentrations of 1, 2 or 5 microM of dantrolene. The tetanus tension was slightly inhibited by dantrolene, but not the caffeine contracture. These observations suggest that the Ag+ contracture may be governed by the same mechanism as that involved in the development of twitch tension. PMID- 3500866 TI - The guinea pig myoclonic model: behavioral supersensitivity to 5 hydroxytryptophan induced by intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. AB - To study the species difference of guinea pigs and rats in response to 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), we injected both animals intracisternally with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine. In rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions, 5-HTP evoked the well described myoclonic-serotonergic syndrome. In the guinea pig, 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine lesions significantly increased the severity of myoclonic response to 5-HTP (150 mg/kg) compared to vehicle controls, resulting in lethal convulsions. Guinea pigs treated with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine did not develop spontaneous myoclonus, or when treated with 5-HTP, other 'serotonergic behaviors' such as lateral head weaving, hindlimb abduction, and forepaw tapping. Guinea pigs tolerated intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine less well than rats, with a higher mortality, although immediate post-injection convulsions were less severe and did not require phenobarbital prophylaxis. Staged lower doses of 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (100-200 micrograms) were better tolerated than a single high dose of neurotoxin (400 micrograms). The regional profile of 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine lesions in the guinea pig resembled that of the rat, with maximal depletion of 5-HT in spinal cord and selected forebrain structures, and little effect in diencephalon and midbrain. Depletions in the guinea pig were less selective for 5-HT using desipramine pretreatment than in the rat. In naive guinea pigs and rats, regional content of 5-HT was similar. These data suggest that the functional integrity of serotonergic neurons is not requisite for the expression of myoclonus induced by 5-HTP in the guinea pig. 5,7 Dihydroxytryptamine lesions in the guinea pig resulted in behavioral and neurochemical similarities and differences in comparison with the rat. PMID- 3500868 TI - The dualistic mechanisms of platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor substrates. AB - von Willebrand factor (vWf) which serves as a necessary factor for platelet adhesion to damaged vascular subendothelium can bind to the platelet surface via two distinct receptors. Ristocetin promotes the binding of vWf to platelet membrane glycoprotein lb, whereas platelet activation by thrombin supports binding to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. Platelet adhesion to vWf substrates mediated by these two mechanisms has been compared. Both mechanisms supported similar rates of adhesion to the substrates. Whereas adhesion via the ristocetin dependent mechanism did not require divalent cations, adhesion mediated by the thrombin-dependent mechanism required the presence of divalent cations. Modification of vWf amino groups markedly impaired the ability of the protein to support ristocetin-dependent adhesion but did not alter its ability to support thrombin-enhanced adhesion. Reduction and carboxymethylation nearly abolished the ability of vWf to support adhesion via the ristocetin-dependent mechanism, but did not substantially impair its ability to support thrombin-enhanced adhesion. Short synthetic peptides containing the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser effectively inhibited thrombin-dependent platelet adhesion to vWf substrates but had no effect on ristocetin-dependent adhesion. Substrates composed of synthetic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser sequence supported thrombin-dependent adhesion but did not support ristocetin-dependent adhesion. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that platelets adherent via the ristocetin dependent mechanism almost uniformly adopted a flattened and fully spread appearance. In contrast, the thrombin-enhanced mechanism of adhesion supported only a limited degree of platelet spreading on the vWf substrate. PMID- 3500869 TI - Immunological changes in beta-thalassemia major patients positive for HTLV-III antibodies. AB - Antibodies to HTLV-III were found in 6 of 206 Sicilian patients with thalassemia major, aged 1 to 30 years. None of the patients showed clinical signs related to immuno-deficiency syndromes. Immunological investigations carried out in all positive patients showed alterations similar to those found in thalassemic patients without antibodies to HTLV-III. These immunological changes could not depend on the HTLV-III infection, but could be related to the thalassemic condition. PMID- 3500870 TI - Abnormality of platelet size and T-lymphocyte proliferation in an autosomal recessive form of dyskeratosis congenita. AB - Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare familial hematologic disorder that has various modes of inheritance. We have studied 2 siblings with DC. 1 sibling had thrombocytopenia, which responded to therapy with nandrolone decanoate and oxymetholone. Platelets were abnormally small, which indicates that a qualitatively abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis is a feature of DC. Myeloid and erythroid progenitors in specimens of the blood and bone marrow from both siblings were either absent or greatly reduced in numbers. The qualitatively abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis, and the quantitative abnormality of hematopoietic progenitor cells committed to myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis, indicates involvement of the pluripotent stem cell in DC. Cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients showed normal karyotypes, a normal sister chromatid exchange frequency, and a rapid proliferation of peripheral T lymphocytes, a feature of the disorder that has not been reported previously. PMID- 3500871 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma associated with marked eosinophilia: a case report. AB - A case of pancreatic carcinoma associated with marked eosinophilia is reported. A 71-yr-old man was admitted to hospital because of melena and abdominal pain. The systematic examinations revealed pancreatic adenocarcinoma with multiple metastases (rectum, lung and brain). The leukocyte count was gradually increased and reached up to 81.7 X 10(9)/l, of which 54% consisted of eosinophils. Colony stimulating factor (CSF) was detected both in the patient's serum and in the tumor extracts by a normal human bone marrow culture system. The colonies which were stimulated with patient's serum largely consisted of granulocyte, granulocyte/macrophage and eosinophil types. These results suggest that blood leukocytosis and eosinophilia were due to a high concentration of plasma CSF, which was probably produced by the tumor cells. PMID- 3500872 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XXII. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. AB - We have taken into consideration a group of 21 imidazo [1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, some of which were already known, whereas the others were synthesized and characterized by us to complete the series. Antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities of such compounds were evaluated in comparison with indomethacin, in order to get useful information about structure-activity relationships. PMID- 3500873 TI - Loss of inducible photorepair in a frog cell line hypersensitive to solar UV light. AB - The induction of enzymatic photorepair (EPR) in ICR 2A frog cells and a derived mutant cell line DRP36 hypersensitive to solar UV was studied. Using clonogenic assays, when induced wild-type cells demonstrated an 8-fold increase of EPR the mutant cells displayed a near-background level of inducible EPR. The constitutive EPR in mutant cells, however, was the same as in wild-type cells. A mixed culture of ICR 2A and DRP36 cells showed an intermediate inducible EPR depending upon the cell ratio. Inducible EPR was also detected at the DNA level in wild-type cells, but not in mutant cells. PMID- 3500874 TI - Characterization of recombinant glycosylated human interleukin 2 produced by a recombinant plasmid transformed CHO cell line. AB - A recombinant plasmid containing expression units for human pre-interleukin 2 (pre-IL-2) and the selectable marker mouse DHFR, was constructed and used to transform DHFR- CHO cells to the DHFR+ phenotype. Selected colonies were isolated and tested for IL-2 production. Twelve highly IL-2-producing clones were amplified in stepwise increasing concentrations of methotrexate. The IL-2 secreted into the culture medium by one of these clones was purified to homogeneity and partially characterized. N-terminal sequence analysis showed that pre-IL-2 was correctly processed during secretion. SDS gel electrophoresis and chromatofocusing experiments in conjunction with neuraminidase treatment indicated a posttranslational glycosylation of the secreted mature protein similar to that described for the tetrasaccharide structure of the N2 form of natural IL-2. This recombinant IL-2 has a specific activity of 2.5 x 10(7) U/mg. PMID- 3500875 TI - [Management of autonomic vascular dystonic crises by using the Lenar apparatus]. PMID- 3500876 TI - [Hypotonic hemorrhage in the afterbirth and early puerperal periods]. PMID- 3500877 TI - The nurse's role: early supervised exercise following coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3500878 TI - Patterns of in vitro behaviour characterizing cells of spontaneously metastasizing K2M rat sarcoma. AB - Cells of K2M rat sarcoma and their descendants (RP, RPS) form tumours in syngeneic inbred rat strain LEW/CUB. Thirty to fifty per cent of tumour-bearing rats develop metastases, preferentially in the lung. In vitro, a quasi-stellate dynamic morphotype was characteristic of K2M cells and their descendants (RP, RPS): a highly changeable round or spindle-shaped or multipolar rather thick cell body with two or more protrusions of various length, often branching, and broadened at the tips, where vivid membrane activity was observed. Changeability of appearance and directionality of locomotion were stimulated in medium of pH 6.5. The enhanced expression of this morphotype correlated with the increased metastatic potential. In vitro, in poor, slightly acid medium metastasizing cells preserved the quasi-stellate dynamic morphotype and survived longer than non metastasizing cells. It is likely that the observed combination of traits, viz. the quasi-stellate dynamic morphotype and, under unfavourable conditions, prolonged survival, increased migratory activity and decreased mitotic rate could be of significance in the metastatic cascade, mainly for the escape from the primary site. PMID- 3500879 TI - Street drug use in Delaware. PMID- 3500880 TI - Retinoids in cutaneous T cell lymphomas. AB - Sixteen patients - 12 with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), 1 with Sezary syndrome, 1 with actinic reticuloid, and 2 with parapsoriasis variegata - were treated with either a new, potent arotinoid alone or with combined etretinate (Tigason) and PUVA therapy (Re-PUVA). 92% of all patients showed a minor up to a distinct response of their skin lesions within 12.6 +/- 7.4 weeks. More than 50% of the skin lesions cleared in 67% of the patients. After discontinuation of the retinoid therapy, relapses occurred in all cases within 3-10 weeks. There was no difference between the therapeutic efficacy of arotinoid alone and the Re-PUVA regimen, but the latter was less toxic. PMID- 3500881 TI - Anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic retinoids may be related to their immunomodulatory action. AB - The effects of retinoids have been studied in a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity using the T-cell-dependent antigen, methylated bovine serum albumin to elicit inflammation in the hind paws of mice. A number of synthetic retinoids, including etretinate and arotinoids, showed a marked anti-inflammatory action in this model. Using differential dosing schedules, the anti-inflammatory effect of retinoids was clearly distinguished from conventional cyclooxygenase inhibitors. By screening a number of synthetic retinoids, structure-activity relationships for this effect can be deduced. PMID- 3500882 TI - A review of some of the rheumatological problems and engineering capabilities. PMID- 3500883 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the androgen receptor from human skin fibroblasts. AB - The reproducible photolabeling of the androgen receptor from human skin fibroblasts, using [3H]methyltrienolone (R-1881) as ligand is described. Crude nuclei were irradiated for 2 min using a UV lamp with an emission line at 352 nm and a CuSO4 filter. After KCl extraction, proteins were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, washed with ether and assayed for radioactivity. Specific binding was determined as the difference in bound radioactivity between cells incubated with [3H]R-1881 +/- a 200-fold excess of unlabeled dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The photolabeled proteins were analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielding one peak of 90 kDa and in several cases, one of 43 kDa. These peaks comprised 60 +/- 20% of the saturable binding recovered on the gels. The overall efficiency of photolabeling was between 1 and 5%. The amount of covalently bound radioactivity was proportional to the number of cells used. The labeling was inhibited by R-1881, DHT, the anti-androgens hydroxyflutamide and cyproterone acetate and to a lesser extent by estradiol and progesterone. No covalent attachment of R-1881 to any protein was observed when nuclei from patients with androgen insensitivity were irradiated, whether or not the cells were receptor positive or negative. In conclusion the androgen receptor from human skin fibroblast can be efficiently photolabeled and could be used as a marker to follow receptor purification. The absence of photolabeling of nuclear extracts from receptor-positive androgen-insensitive patients may reflect some abnormality of the receptor. PMID- 3500884 TI - [Low-grade fevers]. PMID- 3500885 TI - [Leukocyte phenotyping and its diagnostico-clinical use]. PMID- 3500886 TI - [Changes in humoral immunity in ischemic cardiomyopathy]. AB - The present study has been performed with the aim of assessing the incidence and the possible implications of the changes in humoral immunity in patients with coronary heart disease. Serial determinations of the immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A and M, of specific anti-heart antibodies and of some non-organ-specific antibodies have been carried out in the venous blood of 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), of 30 subjects with angina pectoris (AP) and of 30 controls. The occurrence of anti-smooth muscle and anti-nuclear antibodies resulted negligible in all subjects, while anti-mitochondrial antibodies were found in a relatively high percentage of cases, which is probably due to chance. Only in 13.3% of AMI patients, and in 16.7% of AP subject, were anti-heart antibodies detectable, and their presence was not related to the occurrence of Dressler's syndrome, nor to any clinical finding. The mean IgG curve in the AMI patients showed a triphasic time-course in the first 20 days of disease. In the AP patients an inverse correlation has been found between monthly frequencies of anginal attacks and serum concentrations of IgG (r = 0.382; p less than 0.05). In the control group serum IgA were directly correlated to age (r = 0.493; p less than 0.01); furthermore, in patients with exertional or mixed angina serum IgA were often higher than those of patients with only rest angina (x2 = 3.906; p less than 0.05). These data suggest the working hypothesis that a possible link (of secondary or primary type) between serum concentrations of IgA and severity of atherosclerosis may exist. PMID- 3500887 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of severe digestive hemorrhage by hemostatic injection]. AB - The results of emergency endoscopic treatment of severe non variceal bleeding in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract by hemostatic injections are reported. Most of the 44 patients were seriously ill and had a high surgical risk. Definitive hemostasis was obtained in 88.6 per cent of cases. Twenty-five patients had active bleeding which was arrested in 84 per cent of cases. There were no serious complications related to the technique. The overall survival rate was 52 per cent. Ten of the 13 deaths were not due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The authors advocate this simple, effective and inexpensive method as the initial treatment of ulcerated gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. PMID- 3500888 TI - [Hematologic diseases in pregnancy; a danger to mother and child or a calculable risk?]. AB - In 1985 the authors delivered six gravidae who had blood diseases during pregnancy; they included one patient with thalassemia minor, one with Hodgkin's disease, one with Glanzmann's thromboasthenia, one with Von Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome, one with Werlhof's disease and one with HELLP syndrome. The problems which arose were managed in close collaboration with internists and pediatricians and healthy infants were born in all cases. No aggravation of the basic disease was seen in any of the mothers. Cesarean section was necessary in two cases, while vaginal deliveries were accomplished in the other four. The chances of vaginal delivery were improved in particular by prior cervix priming with prostaglandin E2. In summary it may be said that with present-day monitoring and treatment possibilities, blood diseases during pregnancy have become a calculable risk. However, the cost--in terms both of equipment and personnel--must not be underestimated. PMID- 3500889 TI - [Experiences with intravenous sulprostone administration in massive postpartal hemorrhage]. AB - Forty-three patients at the University Gynecology Clinic in Charlottenburg were given the prostaglandin E2 derivative sulprostone for severe postpartal hemorrhage. It was administered intravenously in a dose of 1.7 mcg/min (100 mcg/100 ml/h), with short-term increases to three times this amount in isolated cases. The drug proved highly efficacious (rapid onset and lasting effect). In 80% of the cases there were no side effects. Rises in body temperature occurred in six patients and in one patient a venous irritation developed in the arm into which the drug was infused. An RDS occurred, though it was considered that there was not necessarily a causal connection between this and the sulprostone infusion. In the authors' experience this drug has an established place in the treatment of atonic postpartal hemorrhage emergencies. PMID- 3500890 TI - [Incidence of hyperandrogenemia]. AB - Within two years 341 amenorrheic patients treated in our endocrinological outpatient department were listed up retrospectively in WHO-classification groups. In 30 patients a primary amenorrhea and in 311 patients a secondary amenorrhea could be registered. In 28.3% a hypothalamic pituitary disorder must be diagnosed, in 5.1% a hypergonadotropic profile was observed. Uterine amenorrhea was seen in 0.6%, a hyperprolactinemia in 6.1%. The hyperandrogenemia with an incidence of 42.1% is remarkable and should be included in the WHO classification. PMID- 3500891 TI - [Intra- and interfamilial variability of the clinical manifestations of Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3500892 TI - [Rare variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin in families having neonates with deformities]. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin rare variants' distribution in a group of 196 families with developmental malformations of newborns was investigated. Significantly increased frequencies of rare variants were noted in groups of probands and their mothers, as compared to the control groups. Preferential transmission of rare alleles from mothers to probands is demonstrated. PMID- 3500893 TI - [Effect of general vibration and low-frequency noise in experimental studies]. PMID- 3500894 TI - [Local use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the control of postpartum hemorrhage]. PMID- 3500895 TI - [Effect of the magnitude of the operation and shunt patency on the dynamics of clinical and functional indices in patients with direct myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 3500896 TI - [Theoretical validation and evaluation of the functional capacity of aortocoronary shunts]. PMID- 3500897 TI - Absorptive capacity of the transplanted small bowel. AB - Small bowel transplantation (SBT) has been carried out in man in several cases without success, because immunologic problems were unsolved. In experimental SBT a 'two step' model was developed, which enables long term observation of immunologic phenomena. In this model the graft is in a heterotopic position to the recipient's own small bowel. After 35 days the recipient's own bowel is removed and replaced by the graft, now in orthotopic position and again in contact with luminal chymus. To investigate functional and morphological changes, which result from the procedure, the resorption of glucose and water was measured in syngeneic transplanted rats by an in vivo recirculation system and the mucosa was evaluated three dimensionally. The graft mucosa showed a significant reduction in villus height, crypt length and villus surface and a corresponding decrease in glucose and water absorption during heterotopic position. If the graft came into the orthotopic position, the mucosa did regenerate which was expressed by the significant longer crypts of the graft compared with those of the controls, although the graft's villus height and surface are still smaller. Glucose and water absorption increased and were higher in orthotopic transplanted animals, when absorption was expressed per unit intestinal length. The results indicate that in the 'two step' model of SBT the absorption of water and glucose is influenced to such an extent, that recovery is possible after three weeks, thus enabling orthotopic SBT. This almost complete recovery of the mucosa is further evidence of the regeneratory capacity of the small bowel, which enables clinical small bowel transplantation. PMID- 3500899 TI - T-cell depletion of Cercopithecus aethiops monkey bone marrow with Campath-1 monoclonal antibody and complement. AB - The effectiveness of anti-human monoclonal antibody (Campath 1) plus complement (C') in removal of T-cells from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey bone marrow was studied. Recovery of haemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GM) was also investigated in vitro after treatment with Campath-1 plus C'. The results showed that the cell yield was 37.2 +/- 9.8 after Ficoll separation and 44.2 +/- 13.2% after Campath-1 + + C' treatment. The CFU-GM yields referred to the original total CFU-GM were 88.9 +/- 24.0 and 40.0 +/- 14.3%, respectively. After Campath-1 treatment, CFU-GM per 10(5) bone marrow cells was 269.3 as compared to the pretreatment value of 213.0. In the T-cell-depleted bone marrow suspensions mature T lymphocytes could not be detected. Following cryopreservation more than 70% of CFU-GM could be recovered in T-cell depleted bone marrow suspensions kept in frozen state for two months. Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys can be used as a model to study T-cell depletion of bone marrow with Campath-1 plus C' for studying allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 3500898 TI - Proliferative effects of urogastrone-EGF on the intestinal epithelium. AB - The effects of B-urogastrone/human epidermal growth factor on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation were studied in rats in which intestinal cell proliferation was reduced to a steady state basal level (by maintaining the rats on total parenteral nutrition). Increasing doses of urogastrone progressively raised the two hour collection of metaphases and intestinal weights. The crypt cell production rate was measured in animals maintained parenterally with or without urogastrone, and in rats fed a standard laboratory ration. Continuous infusion of 15 micrograms per rat per day of recombinant beta urogastrone (a dose which has a minimal effect on gastric acid secretion) significantly increased cell proliferation and intestinal tissue weights throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Intravenous infusion of urogastrone was also effective in restoring cell proliferation when it was infused after the intestine had become hypoproliferative. Urogastrone administered through an intragastric cannula thrice daily had no significant effect on either intestinal weight, crypt cell production rate, or metaphase collection. PMID- 3500900 TI - [Comparison of transdermal scopolamine and dimenhydrinate in acute vestibular disease]. PMID- 3500901 TI - Identification of an inducible penicillinase of the lithoautotrophic hydrogen oxidizing bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus. AB - The growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus in the presence of benzylpenicillin under heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions was studied. The drug induced a penicillinase in the cells, which can be readily released and extracted from the cells after a lysozyme and EDTA treatment in the course of spheroplast formation. The isoelectric point of the enzyme is 8.1 and the molar mass was estimated to be nearly 25 kg/mol. Phenoxypenicillin is hydrolyzed in the presence of the enzyme at a higher relative rate than benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin and azlocillin. The cephalosporins tested, i.e. cephalosporin C, cefalexin, cefotaxime and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, were hydrolyzed at a substantially lower relative rate than the penicillins, indicating that the enzyme is a penicillinase. PMID- 3500903 TI - [Transplantation and immunity]. PMID- 3500902 TI - Pancreatic carcinogenesis in azaserine-treated rats: inhibition by a solvent mixture in the diet. AB - The growth of azaserine-induced foci and nodules in a 4-month experiment and the incidence of carcinomas in a 15-month experiment were greater in LEW/CrlBR inbred rats fed a purified diet (AIN-76A) than in rats fed a natural-ingredient diet (chow). Addition of a mixture of several solvents to either diet reduced the incidence of adenocarcinomas in the pancreas in the long-term study but failed to reduce the number or size of pancreatic atypical acinar cell foci in the experiments of 4 months and 6 months (chow only) duration. Apparently, some component of the solvent mixture inhibits a late stage in the development of pancreatic carcinoma. Glyceryl monooleate and propylene glycol are implicated as the components of the mixture most likely to be responsible for the inhibitory effect, but neither the identity of the critical component nor the mechanism of the inhibition is known. The solvent mixture also contained ethanol and trioctanoin. PMID- 3500904 TI - [Reduced expression of class I MHC antigens in NIH3T3 cells transformed with activated ras oncogenes]. AB - For CTL-mediated lysis of tumor cells the existence of class I molecules is required, in addition to tumor specific antigens, on the cell surface. Therefore, it is likely that tumor cells with altered class I antigen expression might escape from immune surveillance by T-cells. There have been many reports that virally-or chemically-induced murine and human tumor cells and/or tissues expressed reduced number of cell surface class I molecules. However, it is unknown how the regulatory pathway of class I antigen expression and the intracellular oncogenic cascade are interrelated. In this report, class I antigen expressions in NIH3T3 cells transformed with activated ras genes are analyzed. Transformed cells were tumorigenic in allogeneic immunocompetent mice and less sensitive to allogeneic killer T-cells than untransformed NIH3T3. The levels of cell surface expression of H-2K and H-2D region products analyzed using a monoclonal antibodies and a flow-cytometer showed marked reduction of antigen expression in the transformants. Scatchard analysis of the binding of monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface class I molecules indicated that the affinity of the reaction was unchanged after transformation of NIH3T3 cells with activated N-ras oncogene, thus confirmed that the reduced expression observed by flow-cytometric analysis was due to decreased number of the antigen in the transformants. Northern hybridization analyses of H-2 class I and B2-microglobulin transcripts showed that the amounts of both class I and B2-microglobulin mRNAs paralleled with the levels of cell surface expression of the antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500905 TI - B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with large multilobated cells: morphological, phenotypic and clinical heterogeneity. AB - Ten cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mainly composed of large multilobated cells, have been studied. Our results are consistent with the view that they represent a somewhat heterogeneous group of lymphoid tumours displaying different morphological, clinical and immunophenotypic features. In B-cell type the large multilobated cells were histologically characterized by prominent nucleoli and distinctly basophilic cytoplasm whereas in the T-cell type they had indistinct or small nucleoli and ill-defined weakly eosinophilic cytoplasm. These differential features between B- and T-cell type were confirmed by electron microscopy. From a clinical standpoint B-cell type was characterized by a constant involvement of lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes and/or Waldeyer's ring); T-cell type showed, on the contrary, a more frequent involvement of extra-lymphoid sites (mainly bone and subcutaneous tissues). Our study provides some morphological features that may be helpful for a correct differential diagnosis in this heterogeneous group of non Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 3500906 TI - Low-grade lymphoma of immature T-cell phenotype in a case of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and Sjogren's syndrome. AB - A 19-year-old male patient presented with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and Sjogren's syndrome, confirmed by histopathology. He was treated with prednisone; 4 months later, cyclophosphamide was added. A lymph node taken at presentation revealed no histological signs of malignancy. Lymph nodes obtained 1 and 2 years later exhibited an effaced structure and a diffuse infiltration of small-sized lymphocytic cells compatible with a low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The immunological phenotype of the lymphoma resembled that of immature T-cells present in the normal thymus cortex--positivity for CD1, CD2, CD4, CD7, CD38 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; faint positivity for CD5 and in the second specimen for CD3; negativity for CD6 and MHC class 1 antigen. The occurrence of such a peculiar lymphoma in Sjogren's syndrome has not been reported thus far. Small numbers of putative malignant cells were found on immunohistochemistry in a lymph node and a lung biopsy obtained at presentation. This is suggestive of one underlying pathogenetic event in the development of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, Sjogren's syndrome and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3500907 TI - Serum alpha one antitrypsin in malignancy. PMID- 3500908 TI - Serum folate level before & after methotrexate administration & its relation to the toxic manifestations. PMID- 3500909 TI - Interleukin 2 inhibits migration and stimulates respiratory burst and degranulation of human neutrophils in vitro. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL2) is a lymphocyte product recognised for its role as a T lymphocyte growth factor. Since some other lymphokines and monokines can modulate the function of granulocytes we examined the effects of natural and recombinant human IL2 on neutrophil locomotion, respiratory burst and degranulation. Purified T cell-derived IL2 inhibited both random and chemotactically-directed migration of neutrophils. IL2 induced a respiratory burst and release of lysosomal enzymes in neutrophils and increased these responses in classically stimulated neutrophils. Recombinant IL2 was also effective in altering neutrophil functions. We conclude that IL2 modulates neutrophil function. PMID- 3500910 TI - An alternative method of panning for rat B lymphocytes. AB - A new method of panning for B lymphocytes is described in which the ability of the sIg+ cells to adhere depends on the nature and concentration of nonspecific protein used rather than on the use of anti-immunoglobulin. Rat lymph node cells were suspended in 3% bovine serum albumin in Tris-buffered Hanks' and incubated in tissue culture flasks to allow adherence to the plastic. The recovered bed of adherent cells was shown by flow cytometry to be greater than 90% surface immunoglobulin positive and MHC class II positive while containing very few T cells. This adherent fraction was subsequently treated with anti-T cell antibody plus baby rabbit complement to produce a highly purified sIg+ cell population containing no detectable T cells. The sIg+ cells obtained by this panning procedure were functionally active in BCGF and BCDF assays. This method provides an easy and inexpensive alternative to conventional panning with anti immunoglobulin and also eliminates the possibility of B cell activation by exposure to anti-immunoglobulin-coated surfaces. PMID- 3500912 TI - Interleukin 1 effect on adrenal gland function in mice. AB - The effect of interleukin 1, the product of macrophage secretion, on mouse (CBA x C57Bl)F1 adrenal gland function has been studied in this paper. The maximal response of adrenal glands to intravenous interleukin 1 injection was observed after 2 h. The stimulation of adrenal gland hormonal function was dose-dependent as shown by i.v. injection of different dilutions of macrophage culture supernatants containing interleukin 1. The effect of interleukin 1 on functional adrenal gland activity was shown to be mediated by prostaglandin synthesis in an experiment in which prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin (0.25 mg/mouse). The hormonal adrenal gland response to interleukin 1 injection may well be part of a mechanism of negative feedback between interleukin 1 production and glucocorticoid level in blood plasma. PMID- 3500911 TI - Effects of radioprotective glycans on the arrest of blood-borne lymphoma cells. AB - The mode of action of radioprotective glycans is not understood. In view of the known importance of cell migration in haematology, on the one hand, and of carbohydrates in homing processes, on the other, we have investigated the effect of several glycans on blood-borne arrest of lymphoma cells. Radioprotective glycans (but not heparin) modified the arrest of injected cells in the spleen. Altered recirculation and homing processes may play a role in the radioprotective properties of glycans. PMID- 3500913 TI - A monoclonal antibody (BMA-1) reactive with murine B cells as well as resident and elicited but not activated macrophages. AB - Hybridoma technology has been employed to prepare a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a subpopulation of mononuclear leukocytes. Enzyme-linked immune assay revealed a cell clone producing a monoclonal antibody reactive with elicited but not activated C57Bi/6 peritoneal macrophages. Detailed analyses using fluorescence flow cytometry demonstrated that this monoclonal antibody binds to B cells, B cell blasts, as well as to the resident and elicited macrophages, but not to activated macrophages, T cells, red blood cells, or syngeneic fibroblasts. This antigen has been designated BMA-1. Antigenic expression is greatest upon resident macrophages. A bimodal level of expression is found on elicited macrophages while activated macrophages possess low levels of expression. The unique cellular distribution of this antigen indicates that it is lost during macrophage differentiation to the activated state. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that this antigen is composed of multiple subunits; the primary subunit possesses a molecular weight of 38,000. This new tool should be valuable in the analysis of heterogeneous macrophage populations and in defining molecular differentiation pathways. PMID- 3500914 TI - T lymphocyte subsets and B lymphocytes in tubercular pleural effusion. PMID- 3500915 TI - Comparative sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding I-A molecules of the CH12 B cell lymphoma: nucleotide differences do not account for their "defective" function in B cell stimulation. AB - The CH12 B cell lymphoma can be stimulated to secrete antibody by helper T cells that interact with I-EK but not I-AK molecules expressed on its membrane. Both molecules present antigen to the appropriate T cells. We have analyzed the mRNA by Northern blot analysis and obtained partial sequences of cDNA clones encoding A alpha and A beta of the I-A molecule to determine if deletions or mutations in the cytoplasmic or transmembrane domains account for the "defect" in triggering following interaction with I-A restricted helper T cells. The results provide no evidence for structural alterations in either A alpha or A beta which could account for these observations. The implications of these findings on the role of class II molecules in B cell activation is discussed. PMID- 3500916 TI - Stimulation of rat macrophage interleukin 1 secretion by plasma fibronectin. AB - Purified plasma fibronectin (Fn) enhanced the secretory activity of rat peritoneal exudate macrophages as measured by 35S-methionine incorporation into protein released into culture supernatants. Enhancement of protein secretion was dose-dependent and increased with time in culture. Addition of various concentrations of supernatant from cultures of macrophages with Fn resulted in a significant increase in thymocyte proliferation elicited by phytohaemagglutinin. The stimulatory activity of the supernatant was Fn dose-dependent and increased with increasing concentrations of macrophages. This thymocyte stimulatory effect was not due to the presence of Fn in the culture supernatant or to the minimal contamination with endotoxin detected in the Fn preparations. These data suggest that the inflammatory macrophage interaction with Fn results in the release of interleukin-1. They also are consistent with the reported ability of Fn to stimulate lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 3500917 TI - Pertussis in rural children. PMID- 3500918 TI - Vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 3500919 TI - Xerophthalmia in under-five children in West Bengal. PMID- 3500920 TI - Morbid obesity: definitions, epidemiology, and methodological problems. AB - This article defines obesity, ideal body weight, morbid obesity, and indexes of overweight, pointing out some of the difficulties in studies of the epidemiology of morbid obesity. PMID- 3500921 TI - Decreased semen quality in a male infected with malaria. AB - A 33-year-old male of proven fertility suffered six attacks of malaria while resident in an African country. For this he received anti-malarial drugs. Semen analysis performed after the fourth attack, and repeated during the following 2 years after his return to Israel, revealed severe oligozoospermia, necrozoospermia and occasionally even azoospermia. Immunological examination of the patient revealed an inverse ratio of T-cell subsets and mast cell degranulation in response to palludrin. Twenty-five months after the last attack of malaria a significant improvement was found in semen quality and there was an increase in the ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor cytotoxic cells. These observations indicate that although malaria and its treatment may affect spermatogenesis, recovery may be expected eventually. PMID- 3500922 TI - Cytogenetic studies on human myeloma cell lines. AB - Cell lines (U-266, U-1957, U-1996 and U-2030) established from 4 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were analyzed cytogenetically. The cell lines represent different stages in B-cell differentiation as evidenced by ultrastructural and functional characteristics. The karyotypic pattern in 3 newly established myeloma lines was studied after a few months in culture and compared to the old myeloma cell line U-266, which was examined after 6, 7 and 8 years of continuous cultivation. Frequency of progressive numerical and structural aberrations during long-term cultivation and their correlation with alterations in growth properties were addressed. We describe the presence of a high frequency of both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in the cells of all 4 myeloma lines studied. Chromosomes often associated with structural abnormalities were 1, 3, 6, 12 and 14. A 14q + marker chromosome was detected in 2 of the 4 cell lines. The breakpoints on the chromosomes participating in structural aberrations in myeloma exhibit some correlation to chromosome sites at or close to locations of mapped oncogenes. No translocations of c-myc were found. These data were further supported by Southern blot analysis (unpublished data). The extent of numerical, but not structural, aberrations correlates with the differentiation stage of the myeloma lines in that the 2 mature lines U-266 and U-1957 were both near-diploid. Multiple progressive chromosomal changes have emerged in U-266 during a period of 8 years with development of independence of feeder cells and increased growth rate. However, capacity for production of complete Ig molecules has remained stable. PMID- 3500923 TI - An in vitro study of immunomodulatory effects of some saponins. AB - The in vitro immunomodulatory activities of a number of saponins (crude Quillaja saponin, Quillayanin, Quil-A and glycyrrhizic acid) are described. Addition of these saponin preparations to mouse spleen cell cultures resulted in significant cell proliferation. B-cells were induced to proliferate in the presence of the crude saponin, and T-cells in the presence of Quil-A. On the other hand, Quillayanin and glycyrrhizic acid stimulated both T- and B-lymphocytes equally. The selective proliferation of subtypes of lymphocytes correlated with restimulation responses by polyclonal mitogens. Pretreatment by lymphocytes with crude saponins induced significant T-cell responses to PHA and Con A, and to T independent B-cell stimulation by LPS. Pulse exposure of spleen cells to Quil-A resulted in enhanced cell proliferation when restimulated with PHA, Con A and PWM. In comparison, similar exposure of lymphocytes to Quillayanin or glycyrrhizic acid produced markedly increased responses to PHA, Con A, PWM and LPS. Incubation of lymphocytes in the presence of Quillaja saponins and Quillayanin caused effector cell generation as determined in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. In the case of lymphocytes cultured in the presence of crude saponins or glycyrrhizic acid, the supernatants contained active soluble factors. This was demonstrated by the observation that the addition of supernatants to spleen cell cultures induced spontaneous cell proliferation, and also amplified their responses to a suboptimal dose of PHA. The experimental data suggest that different components in the Quillaja saponin preparations may have selective effects on various subtypes of cell populations. Glycyrrhizic acid has the most profound immunomodulatory activity in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500924 TI - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits proliferative response of T- and B lymphocytes in a serum-free culture. AB - The contribution of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the proliferative response of human B- and T-lymphocytes was examined in a serum-free culture, in which B cells were stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, and T-cells with phytohemagglutinin, respectively. 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited mitogen-induced B-cell proliferation at a dose of 10(-7) M (P less than 0.01). T cell proliferation was inhibited at the lower dose range between 10(-9) M and 10( 7) M. Thus, although 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts directly on B-cells, it appears that, under physiological circumstance, 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates human B-cell growth indirectly through the effect on T-cells. PMID- 3500925 TI - A radioprotector: cysteamine, inhibits oxygen transport in lipidic membranes. AB - Spin labeling techniques make possible the observation of oxygen diffusion or concentrations in phospholipid membranes. In such a system, cysteamine, depending upon the molecular cysteamine/DPPC ratio and the pH conditions, inhibits oxygen transport, and this result provides an original explanation for cellular hypoxia after cysteamine administration. PMID- 3500926 TI - Use of 'nuclear monolayers' to identify factors influencing DNA double-strand breakage by X-rays. AB - Nuclear monolayers, prepared by treatment of mammalian cells with non-ionic detergents, showed increased sensitivity to X-ray-induced DNA double-strand breakage (dsb), as compared with intact cells, due to a decrease in the low-dose 'shoulder'. The DNA dsb dose-response shoulder could be restored by irradiating nuclei in the presence of sulphydryl compounds. However, the ineffectiveness of glutathione, when used at near cellular levels, in restoring the shoulder, suggested a possible role for protein sulphydryls in the radiation response of intact cells. PMID- 3500927 TI - Absence of a dose-rate effect in the transformation of C3H 10T1/2 cells by alpha particles. AB - The findings of Hill et al. (1984) on the greatly enhanced transformation frequencies at very low dose rates of fission neutrons induced us to perform an analogous study with alpha-particles at comparable dose rates. Transformation frequencies were determined with gamma-rays at high dose rate (0.5 Gy/min), and with alpha-particles at high (0.2 Gy/min) and at low dose rates (0.83-2.5 mGy/min) in the C3H 10T1/2 cell system. alpha-particles were substantially more effective than gamma-rays, both for cell inactivation and for neoplastic transformation at high and low dose rates. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for cell inactivation and for neoplastic transformation was of similar magnitude, and ranged from about 3 at an alpha-particle dose of 2 Gy to values of the order of 10 at 0.25 Gy. In contrast to the experiments of Hill et al. (1984) with fission neutrons, no increased transformation frequencies were observed when the alpha-particle dose was protracted over several hours. PMID- 3500928 TI - The effect of 238Pu alpha-particles on the mouse fibroblast cell line C3H 10T1/2: characterization of source and RBE for cell survival. AB - Considerable interest has been aroused in recent years by reports that the transforming and carcinogenic effectiveness of low doses of high LET radiations can be increased by reducing the dose rate, especially for transformation of 10T1/2 cells in vitro by fission-spectrum neutrons. We report on conditions which have been established for irradiation of 10T1/2 cells with high LET monoenergetic alpha-particles (energy of 3.2 MeV, LET of 124 keV microns-1) from 238Pu. The alpha-particle irradiator allows convenient irradiation of multiple dishes of cells at selectable high or low dose rates and temperatures. The survival curves of irradiated cells showed that the mean lethal dose of alpha-particles was 0.6 Gy and corresponded to an RBE, at high dose rates, of 7.9 at 80 per cent survival and 4.6 at 5 per cent survival, relative to 60Co gamma-rays. The mean areas of the 10T1/2 nuclei, perpendicular to the incident alpha-particles, was measured as 201 microns2, from which it follows that, on average, only one in six of the alpha-particle traversals through a cell nucleus is lethal. Under the well characterized conditions of these experiments the event frequency of alpha particle traversals through cell nuclei is 9.8 Gy-1. PMID- 3500929 TI - Differences in the uptake of transferrin bound 239Pu and 59Fe into multicellular spheroids of hepatocytes from adult male rats. AB - Hepatocytes were cultured as monolayers and multicellular spheroids, respectively. The uptake of both transferrin-bound metals, iron and plutonium, differed significantly between these two culture systems. The uptake into the multicellular spheroids for plutonium was about 30 times greater, and for iron about 4 times greater, than in monolayer-cultured hepatocytes, which is not a consequence of proliferation and/or de-differentiation of the hepatocytes in the multicellular spheroid culture system. A comparison of the iron and plutonium uptake showed that plutonium was delivered to the cells to an 8-fold greater extent than iron if the hepatocytes were cultured as spheroids. Additionally, the binding of plutonium was not inhibited by preincubation of the spheroids with the iron-transferrin complex. Therefore, we propose that there are two different binding sites for iron and plutonium on hepatocyte membranes. PMID- 3500930 TI - The relationship between radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and cell kill in hamster V79 fibroblasts irradiated with 250 kVp X-rays, 2.3 MeV neutrons or 238Pu alpha-particles. AB - Using the neutral filter elution technique, the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (dsb) has been measured in 250 kVp X-irradiated V79-379A Chinese hamster cells irradiated under air or nitrogen. The dose-effect curves for induced dsb were curvilinear, mirroring cell survival curves, such that there was an approximately linear relationship between induced dsb and lethal lesions (-In (cell survival)) which was independent of oxygen. With cells irradiated with 2.3 MeV neutrons or 238Pu alpha-particles the correlations between lethal events and dsb, although also approximately linear, do not match those for X-rays. With neutrons there is approximately a 2.5-fold reduction in the level of dsb induction per lethal event. Thus either the apparently linear relationships found are spurious, and there is no general correlation between induced dsb and lethal effect, or there are qualitative differences between neutron, alpha-particle and X-ray induced dsb that give them differing probabilities of cell kill. PMID- 3500931 TI - The kinetics of repair in mouse lung after fractionated irradiation. AB - The kinetics of repair of sublethal damage in mouse lung was studied after fractionated doses of 137Cs gamma-rays. A wide range of doses per fraction (1.7 12 Gy) was given with interfraction intervals ranging from 0.5 to 24 h. The data were analysed by a direct method of analysis using the incomplete repair model. The half-time of repair (T1/2) was 0.76 h for the pneumonitis phase of damage (up to 8 months) and 0.65 h for the later phase of damage up to 12 months. The rate of repair was dependent on fraction size for both phases of lung damage and was faster after large dose fractions than after small fractions. The T1/2 was 0.6 h (95 per cent c.1. 0.53, 0.69) for doses per fraction greater than 5 Gy and 0.83 h (95 per cent c.1 0.76, 0.92) for doses per fraction of 2 Gy. Repair was nearly complete by 6 h, at least for the pneumonitis phase of damage. To the extent that extrapolation of these data to humans may be valid, these results imply that treatments with multiple fractions per day that involve the lung will not be limited by the necessity for interfraction intervals much longer than 6 h. PMID- 3500932 TI - Activation of endogeneous retroviruses in mouse cells by thermal neutrons. AB - The effect of thermal neutrons on the induction of murine endogenous viruses from a mouse fibroblast cell line was investigated. Thermal neutrons were more effective than X-rays in induction of endogenous virus as well as in killing of the cells. However, when measured as a function of cell killing, both radiations had similar efficiency of induction. The RBEs of thermal neutrons alone were calculated on the assumption that the contribution of contaminating gamma-rays was additive. It was 4.2 for the killing effect and 4-5 for virus induction. PMID- 3500933 TI - Evaluation of radiation dose resulting from the ingestion of [3H]- and [14C]thymidine in the rat. AB - Average doses to rat tissues from the ingestion of 2-[14C]thymidine were compared with those from methyl-[3H]thymidine or 6-[3H]thymidine. Among the three precursors, [14C]thymidine gave the highest dose to spleen and small intestine. The doses to other tissues from [14C]thymidine were almost the same or lower as compared with those from [3H]thymidine, irrespective of the 9 times higher beta ray energy of 14C than that of 3H. In the case of [14C]thymidine, most of the dose was given by radioactivity incorporated into the organic tissue constituents (non-volatile radioactivity). In the case of [3H]thymidine, however, the dose contributions by non-volatile radioactivity were very small and the major contributions were rather from volatile radioactivity (3HHO), formed by degradation of [3H]thymidine. No significant difference in their total doses was found between the two [3H]precursors, but the dose from non-volatile radioactivity alone was 2-3 times higher with methyl-[3H]thymidine than with 6 [3H]thymidine. Estimates of the dose to cell nuclei in various tissues after the ingestion of [3H]thymidine were also made in order to predict more precisely possible radiation hazards. PMID- 3500934 TI - Does initial haemoglobin level modify the efficacy of radiosensitizers? An analysis of the MRC misonidazole studies in head and neck cancer and cervix cancer. PMID- 3500935 TI - Sepsis caused by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant pneumococci. PMID- 3500936 TI - Calcitonin gene peptides: the diagnostic value of measurement in medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 3500937 TI - In vitro secretion of peptides of the calcitonin family: calcitonin, katacalcin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide. PMID- 3500938 TI - Morphological observations of rabbit gastric fundus cells in primary culture. PMID- 3500939 TI - Feeding and nutritional status among infants in Basrah City, Iraq: a cross sectional study. AB - Feeding histories were collected on 772 randomly selected infants visiting Maternal and Child Health Clinics in Basrah city between October 1983 and May 1984. Weight-for-age data on 557 of these infants (72 per cent) were also obtained. Over 90 per cent of infants were breast-fed initially, and prevalence rates of breast-feeding during infancy were higher among infants of low socioeconomic status (LSES) than those of high socioeconomic status (HSES). Exclusive breast-feeding declined sharply during the first 6 months of life. Supplementation of breast-feeding with bottle-feeding was common, especially among HSES infants. Methods of cleaning infant feeding bottles were more hygienic among HSES than LSES families. Comparison of the weight-for-age of infants on different feeding modes in the 2-7 months age group showed that exclusively breast-fed infants were slightly, but significantly, heavier than partially breast-fed or non-breast-fed infants. Mild faltering of weight-for-age with age was observed, relative to the NCHS median reference weight. PMID- 3500940 TI - Regional lung density and blood volume in nonsmoking and smoking subjects measured by PET. AB - Regional lung density (DL) and regional fractional pulmonary blood volume (VB) were measured quantitatively during tidal breathing in 30 healthy supine subjects (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) in a 1.7-cm-thick midthoracic cross section using positron emission tomography (PET) and 11CO (inhaled)-labeled erythrocytes. Regional alveolar volume (VA), extravascular lung density (DEV), and relative alveolar size (Valv = VA/DEV) were calculated. For the nonsmokers, mean values (+/- SD between subjects) for the right lung were as follows: DL, 0.28 +/- 0.03 g/cm3; DEV, 0.10 +/- 0.02 g/cm3; and Valv, 7.1 +/- 1.9 ml/g lung tissue. In the smoking subjects DEV (right plus left lung) was 16% higher. No significant difference in VB between smokers and nonsmokers was found. The differences in DEV and VB between right and left lung were not significant. Mean values (+/- SD) of the dorsal-to-ventral ratios calculated for the right lung in the nonsmokers were as follows: DL, 1.34 +/- 0.16; VA, 0.90 +/- 0.05; VB, 1.52 +/- 0.26; DEV, 1.10 +/ 0.17; and Valv, 0.85 +/- 0.19. Almost identical ratios were found in the smokers. The influence of overall thoracic expansion was investigated in one subject restudied during voluntary hyperinflation and during positive end expiratory pressure. PMID- 3500941 TI - Augmentation of lung antineutrophil elastase capacity with recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin. AB - To evaluate the potential use of recombinant DNA-produced alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) to augment the lung antineutrophil elastase defenses in alpha-1-AT deficiency, we compared the kinetics of intravenously administered recombinant produced alpha-1-AT (r alpha-1-AT) and purified normal human plasma alpha-1-AT (p alpha-1-AT) in the blood and lung of rhesus monkeys. The r alpha-1-AT was produced in yeast transformed with an expressing plasmid containing a full-length human alpha-1-AT complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and purified to greater than 99% homogeneity. The r alpha-1-AT has a molecular weight of 45,000, no carbohydrates, and is identical in sequence to normal plasma alpha-1-AT except for an additional N-terminal acetylmethionine. Despite its lack of carbohydrates, the r alpha-1-AT inhibited human neutrophil elastase with an association rate constant similar to that of p alpha-1-AT. Rhesus monkeys were infused intravenously with 120 mg/kg of r alpha-1-AT (n = 13) or p alpha-1-AT (n = 12) and the serum, urine, and lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations of these molecules quantified at various intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3500942 TI - Monokine-induced acute lung injury in rabbits. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates components of the acute phase response, stimulates granulocyte metabolism, and induces endothelial cell surface changes. We studied in unanesthetized rabbits the effects of intravenous divided dose infusions of a murine monokine preparation containing IL-1 activity, on circulating granulocytes, their sequestration within the pulmonary microvasculature, pulmonary edema formation, and changes in pulmonary vascular permeability. Monokine administration induced significant (P less than 0.01) granulocytopenia as well as a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in mean alveolar septal wall granulocytes per high power field (HPF) compared with saline-injected controls. Infusions of the monokine preparation significantly (P less than 0.005) increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratios as well as significantly (P less than 0.025) increased pulmonary extravasation of radiolabeled albumin. Electron microscopic analysis of lung sections obtained from monokine-infused animals demonstrated endothelial injury, perivascular edema, and extravasation of an ultrastructural tracer. We conclude that a monokine preparation containing IL-1 activity can induce profound granulocytopenia, pulmonary leukostasis, and acute pulmonary vascular endothelial injury. PMID- 3500944 TI - Prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in isoniazid treated patients. PMID- 3500943 TI - Basic flow structure in saccular aneurysms: a flow visualization study. AB - Basic flow patterns were investigated in a set of glass aneurysm models by means of flow visualization methods. Dye injection and streaming double refraction were used to visualize flow. The circulation inside lateral aneurysms arising at a 90 degree angle from a straight parent conduit could not be visualized by the dye injection technique but could be demonstrated by streaming double refraction. The inflow was seen to arise from the downstream lip of the orifice and to project to the dome of the aneurysm. Backflow to the parent conduit took place along the walls of the aneurysm. In aneurysms located at bifurcations, flow characteristics depended on the geometry of the bifurcation and the flow ratio between the branches. Relatively little intra-aneurysmal flow was demonstrated in side branch related aneurysms arising distal to an asymmetric 90 degrees bifurcation of the type encountered at the junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating arteries. Stagnation of flow at the neck and little intra aneurysmal circulation were found with terminal aneurysms of the basilar bifurcation type if the outflow through the branches was symmetric. With asymmetric outflow, however, or if the axis of the aneurysm did not coincide with that of the afferent vessel, an active rotation developed in these aneurysms. The size of the aneurysm had no influence on the basic pattern of intra-aneurysmal circulation. The use of pulsatile perfusion did not significantly alter the basic flow patterns observed with steady flow. Locally disturbed laminar flow was observed in certain models at physiological Reynold's numbers, but there were no signs of fully developed turbulence. PMID- 3500945 TI - Successful surgical correction of acquired ventricular septal defect with ventricular aneurysm (a report of two cases who underwent successful ventricular septal defect closure + aneurysmectomy and coronary artery bypass graft). PMID- 3500946 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery--in whom? PMID- 3500947 TI - Infections in cirrhosis presenting with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 3500948 TI - Ergot poisoning: a report of two cases. PMID- 3500949 TI - Epidermal growth factor and angiotensin II stimulate formation of inositol 1,4,5- and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate in hepatocytes. Differential inhibition by pertussis toxin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AB - The ability of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and angiotensin II to stimulate production of inositol trisphosphate and mobilize intracellular Ca2+ in hepatocytes was compared using quin2 fluorescence to monitor changes in Ca2+ levels and high performance liquid chromatography to resolve the inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) isomers. Both EGF and angiotensin II stimulated an increase in free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) as well as a rapid increase in the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3). Concentrations of angiotensin II which gave a rise in [Ca2+]i equivalent to that seen with maximal doses of EGF produced an equivalent increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation. Both EGF and angiotensin II stimulated the formation of the Ins(1,3,4)P3 and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate isomers. The formation of the Ins(1,3,4)P3 isomer lagged behind production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 but eventually reached higher levels in the cell. The initial rise in [Ca2+]i and InsP3 levels stimulated by EGF and angiotensin II was not affected by reducing the external Ca2+ concentration below 30 nM with an excess of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)] tetraacetic acid. Treatment of hepatocytes for 30-180 s with 1 micrograms/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate prior to the addition of EGF blocked the EGF-stimulated production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and the increase in [Ca2+]i. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate attenuated the production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 generated by angiotensin II over the concentration range of 10(-10) to 10(-8) M; however, the Ca2+ signal was only inhibited at the 10(-10) M dose of angiotensin II. Treatment of rats with pertussis toxin for 72 h prior to isolating hepatocytes blocked the ability of EGF to increase Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4)P3 but did not inhibit the ability of any concentration of angiotensin II to stimulate formation of InsP3 or inositol tetrakisphosphate. The observation that pertussis toxin selectively abolishes EGF stimulated inositol lipid breakdown suggests that EGF and angiotensin II use different mechanisms to activate phospholipase C in hepatocytes. PMID- 3500950 TI - Involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and calcium in the action of adenine nucleotides on aortic endothelial cells. AB - ADP and ATP, in the 1-100 microM range of concentrations, increased the formation of inositol phosphates in bovine aortic endothelial cells. The accumulation of inositol trisphosphate in response to adenine nucleotides was rapid (maximum at 15 s) and transient. This material was identified as the biologically active isomer inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate on the basis of its retention time by high performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange resin. AMP and adenosine have no effect on inositol phosphates. The action of ATP and ADP was mimicked with an equal potency and activity by their phosphorothioate analogs, ATP gamma S and ADP beta S, and with a lower potency by adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma imido)triphosphate, whereas adenosine 5'-(alpha,beta-methylene)triphosphate, was inactive. In the same range of concentrations, ADP and ATP induced an efflux of 45Ca2+ from prelabeled bovine aortic endothelial cells and increased the fluorescence emission by cells loaded with quin-2. Here, too, AMP and adenosine were completely inactive. The outflow of 45Ca2+ induced by ADP was partially maintained in a calcium-free medium. These data suggest that in aortic endothelial cells, P2-purinergic receptors, of the P2Y subtype, are coupled to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate by a phospholipase C. It is likely that the release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor in response to ADP and ATP is a consequence of this initial event. PMID- 3500951 TI - Monensin stimulates glycerolipid incorporation into rod outer segment membranes. AB - Monensin is an ionophore which disrupts the structure of the Golgi apparatus and inhibits vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we examined the effects of monensin on the incorporation of newly synthesized glycerolipids into retinal rod outer segment (ROS) membranes. Frog retinas were incubated in the presence or absence of monensin (50 nM) with either [1,2,3-3H]glycerol or [9,10 3H]palmitic acid as radiolabeled substrate. Total lipids were extracted from retinas and ROS membranes and resolved into individual phospholipid classes and neutral lipids by thin-layer chromatography. In the presence of monensin, the specific activity of ROS phospholipids was increased about 2-fold with [3H]glycerol and nearly 3-fold with [3H]palmitate as substrates relative to controls. In contrast, the specific activity of total retinal lipids, the relative incorporation of label into ROS and retinal phospholipids, and the total lipid phosphorous content of ROS membranes and retinas were not significantly different from control values. These data suggest that the enhanced labeling of ROS phospholipids in the presence of monensin was due to altered intracellular routing of lipids rather than increased glycerolipid synthesis. Under the same conditions, total retinal protein synthesis was about 90% of control, but light microscopic autoradiography indicated that newly synthesized proteins were not transported to the ROS for assembly into disc membranes. Thus, newly synthesized glycerolipids can be delivered to the ROS by a mechanism which is independent of protein transport to that cellular compartment. PMID- 3500952 TI - Protein sorting among two distinct export pathways occurs from the content of maturing exocrine storage granules. AB - We have developed a method for separating purified parotid secretory granules according to their degree of maturation, and we have used this method to examine the relationship between granule formation and stimulus-independent (constitutive) protein secretion. Constitutive export of pulse-labeled secretory proteins occurs almost entirely after their appearance in newly formed granules, and this secretion can be resolved kinetically into two distinct components. Later-phase secretion is the more prominent component and, according to kinetic and compositional criteria, appears to result from basal exocytosis of mature granules. In contrast, early-phase secretion (1.5-15% of constitutive protein output) appears to originate from maturing granules but differs significantly from granule content in composition; that is, the early component exports individual protein species in different relative amounts. Maturing granules, which are labeled most highly before and during the appearance of early-phase secretion, possess numerous coated membrane evaginations suggestive of vesicular traffic. We propose that, in addition to basal exocytosis of relatively mature granules, constitutive exocrine secretion results from limited, selective removal of content proteins from forming and maturing granules. Thus protein sorting and packaging occur together in granule compartments. Exocrine secretory granules constitute an extension of the post-Golgi sorting system and are not merely terminal depots for proximally targeted polypeptides. PMID- 3500953 TI - Persistence of liver-specific messenger RNA in cultured hepatocytes: different regulatory events for different genes. AB - Normal adult rat hepatocytes plated on rat tail collagen-coated dishes and fed a chemically defined medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were examined over a 40-d culture period for (a) the amount of albumin secreted; (b) steady-state albumin mRNA levels; (c) steady state mRNA levels for six other liver-specific genes and three common genes; and (d)transcription of several liver-specific and common genes using isolated nuclei. DMSO-treated hepatocytes in culture for 40 d expressed albumin mRNA at 45% the level of normal liver and five other liver-specific genes at levels ranging from 21% to 72% of those in normal liver. The rate of synthesis of ligandin RNA using nuclei from 40-d hepatocytes in a nascent chain extension assay was 130% of the value obtained for normal liver, indicating that liverlike transcriptional activity for ligandin was maintained in this in vitro culture system. In contrast, the rates of synthesis of albumin and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PepCK) mRNAs using nuclei from 40-d hepatocytes were 8% and less than 1%, respectively, and, therefore, were at levels that were much lower than was expected given the steady-state mRNA levels for these two genes. The discrepancy between the steady-state mRNA levels and rates of synthesis of RNA was analyzed, and the results suggest that the albumin and PepCK mRNAs from hepatocytes in culture may be more stable than those from liver. A plateau period for secretion of albumin, expression of albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, ligandin, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and PepCK mRNAs, and synthesis of albumin RNA using isolated nuclei was observed from days 6 to 40. The usefulness at a biological and molecular level of a hepatocyte culture system in which liver-specific genes are expressed over a long plateau period is discussed. PMID- 3500954 TI - Subunit exchange between smooth muscle myosin filaments. AB - Filaments formed from phosphorylated smooth muscle myosin are stable in the presence of MgATP, whereas dephosphorylated filaments are disassembled to a mixture of folded monomers and dimers. The stability of copolymers of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated myosin was, however, unknown. Gel filtration, sedimentation velocity, and pelleting assays were used to show that MgATP could dissociate dephosphorylated myosin from copolymers containing either rod and myosin or dephosphorylated and phosphorylated myosin. Copolymers were typically formed by dialyzing monomeric mixtures into filament-forming buffer but, unexpectedly, could also be formed within minutes of mixing preformed rod and myosin minifilaments. This result suggested that molecules can rapidly and extensively exchange between filaments, presumably via the monomeric pool of myosin in equilibrium with polymer. An exchange of molecules between filaments was demonstrated directly by electron microscopy using gold-labeled streptavidin or antibody to detect the exchanged species. By this approach it was shown that smooth muscle myosin filaments, like other macromolecular assemblies, are dynamic structures that can readily alter their composition in response to changing solvent conditions. Moreover, because folded monomeric myosin is unable to polymerize, these experiments suggest a mechanism for the disassembly of the filament by MgATP. PMID- 3500955 TI - Recombinant human interleukin-1 inhibits the induction by dexamethasone of alkaline phosphatase activity in murine capillary endothelial cells. AB - A mutual antagonism exists between interleukin-1s (IL-1s) as pro-inflammatory and glucocorticoids as anti-inflammatory mediators. This report examines the effects of IL-1 on the induction by dexamethasone of alkaline phosphatase in LEII murine endothelial cells. Dexamethasone increases the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase in a time- and dose-dependent fashion (maximum 14-fold induction at 10(-6) M, IC50 = 10(-8) M), and this induction can be completely inhibited by simultaneous incubation with picomolar concentrations of recombinant human IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. This IL-1-mediated antagonism of dexamethasone activity is not due to a down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors in the cell line used, because the number of receptors and their affinity for dexamethasone is unchanged in IL-1-treated cells. However, induction of alkaline phosphatase by dexamethasone in LEII cells is receptor-mediated, since it can also be inhibited by glucocorticoid-receptor antagonists. PMID- 3500956 TI - Laser-induced fusion of mammalian cells and plant protoplasts. AB - An ultraviolet-laser microbeam was shown to be suitable for inducing fusion of individually selected plant protoplasts or of B-lymphocytes with myeloma cells. The fusion took place in normal culture medium and the fusogenic condition perturbed the cells only for a fraction of a millisecond. Without manipulating the cell culture except for exposing the cells to laser light, fusion products between preselected individual pairs may be produced. PMID- 3500957 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide and cerebral blood vessels: distribution and vasomotor effects. AB - The innervation of cerebral blood vessels by nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the vasomotor effects of this peptide are described for a number of different mammalian species. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the adventitia of cerebral arteries in all species examined (guinea pig, cat, rabbit, rat, and mouse). Numerous perikarya containing CGRP immunoreactivity are demonstrable in the trigeminal ganglion of all species. In the cerebral perivascular nerve fibers and in trigeminal perikarya, CGRP is often colocalized with substance P and neurokinin A. Marked interspecies differences exist both in the density of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and in the cerebrovascular levels measured with radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations were observed in cerebral vessels from guinea pigs, the lowest concentration in rabbit vessels, and intermediate levels in the feline and human cerebral vasculature. CGRP is a potent dilator of cerebral arteries in all species examined (human pial, feline middle cerebral, rabbit, guinea pig and rat basilar arteries). The concentration of CGRP eliciting half-maximal responses ranged from 0.4 nM (human pial artery) to 3 nM (rat and rabbit basilar arteries). Pretreatment of cerebral arteries with low concentrations of either substance P (0.1 nM) or neurokinin A (3 nM) attenuated slightly the CGRP-induced relaxations of guinea pig basilar arteries. Calcitonin was found to be a very weak dilator of cerebral arteries from human and guinea pig. Thus, cardiovascular nerve fibers containing CGRP appear to be present in all mammalian species (although to varying degrees) and CGRP is invariably a potent dilator of the cerebral arteries for all species. PMID- 3500958 TI - Cortical hypometabolism and its recovery following nucleus basalis lesions in baboons: a PET study. AB - The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was measured serially with positron emission tomography and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in five baboons with stereotactic electrocoagulation of the left nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). Four days after lesion, a significant metabolic depression was present in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, most marked in the frontotemporal region, and which recovered progressively within 6-13 weeks. These data demonstrate that adaptive mechanisms efficiently compensate for the cortical metabolic effects of NbM-lesion-induced cholinergic deafferentation. Moreover, unilateral NbM lesions also induced a transient reduction in contralateral cortical metabolic rate, the mechanisms of which are discussed. Explanation of these effects of cholinergic deafferentation in the primate could further our understanding of the metabolic deficits observed in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. PMID- 3500959 TI - Concerning strategies for in vivo measurement of receptor binding using positron emission tomography. II. PMID- 3500960 TI - Confidence limits for correlations. PMID- 3500961 TI - The Leu-1 B-cell subpopulation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ly-1-B cells have been shown to be elevated in autoimmune mice, especially NZB, and to secrete IgM autoantibody, suggesting that Ly-1 B cells may participate in autoimmune diseases. In this study, B-cell populations carrying Leu-1, a human T cell surface molecule homologous to mouse Ly-1 (Leu-1 B), were examined by dual fluorescence flow cytometry, in peripheral blood lymphocytes taken from patients suffering from various autoimmune disease. These B cells were shown to be present at a significantly high percentage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. There was no significant correlation among the incidence of Leu-1 B cells, rheumatoid factor (RF) titers, and the amount of IgM production in vitro. There was, however, a significantly high incidence of Leu-1 B cells in RA patients with a high RF titer (greater than 5 X 2(13), suggesting that these B cells in RA may play an important role in IgM RF production in vivo. PMID- 3500962 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b opsonins of intravenous immunoglobulins. AB - Immunoglobulin G may be prepared by different methods for intravenous infusion and administered as replacement therapy for hypogammaglobulinemia. Intravenous immunoglobulins prepared by different methods were compared in vitro for their ability to opsonize Haemophilus influenzae type b in the absence of complement and subsequently induce neutrophil chemiluminescence. While the antibody contents, measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, were equivalent, the immunoglobulin prepared by a non-molecular modifying method (ion-exchange chromatography) had the greatest ability to induce bacterial neutrophil interaction, measured by chemiluminescence, while a reduced and alkylated immunoglobulin had the least. Thus, preparative methods may have a profound effect upon the function of intravenous immunoglobulins. The biological function of immunoglobulins for clinical use can be compared easily by neutrophil chemiluminescence. PMID- 3500963 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus-associated changes in signal transduction. AB - It is well established that the activation of T lymphocytes by mitogen/antigen is accompanied by a rise in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), changes in membrane potential, metabolism of inositol phospholipid, and activation of protein kinase C. These early events of signal transduction culminate in late events of lymphocyte activation, namely, DNA synthesis, lymphokine production, and cellular proliferation. In this study we examined the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on changes in membrane potential and [Ca2+]i levels. The membrane potentials were markedly decreased (depolarized) in T cell lines infected with HIV (H9/HTLV IIIb) and did not respond normally to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-T3 (anti-CD3) monoclonal antibody compared to uninfected H9 cell line. The basal [Ca2+]i levels in H9/HTLV IIIb cells were increased in comparison to those in H9 cells; however, there was very little further increase in [Ca2+]i in H9/HTLV IIIb cells following activation with PHA or anti-T3 monoclonal antibody. This is in contrast to a significant rise in [Ca2+]i in H9 cells following similar stimulation. These data demonstrate abnormalities in the plasma membrane potential and [Ca2+]i levels in chronically infected T cells with HIV. These abnormalities in signal transduction of the T cell activation pathway could be responsible for T-cell dysfunction in patients with HIV infection. PMID- 3500964 TI - [Induction of LAK cells from rat splenocytes and an anti-tumor effect of the LAK cells on the 9L-gliomas]. PMID- 3500965 TI - Improved medium for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The need for complex growth media has complicated routine susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae because of antagonism of certain antimicrobial agents by the medium or because of difficulties in interpretation of growth endpoints. Haemophilus test medium (HTM) is a simple, transparent medium for broth- or agar based tests with H. influenzae. HTM incorporates Mueller-Hinton medium with additions of 15 micrograms of hematin per ml, 15 micrograms of NAD per ml, and 5 mg of yeast extract per ml as growth-promoting additives. Agar or broth microdilution MICs of 10 antimicrobial agents for a collection of 179 H. influenzae isolates determined by using HTM compared favorably with MICs determined by the conventional agar or broth dilution methods recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Disk diffusion tests performed with HTM allowed accurate categorization of susceptible and resistant strains and were easier to interpret than tests performed with Mueller-Hinton chocolate agar. A particular advantage of HTM was the reliability of broth- or agar-based test results with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The results of the study suggest modification of current National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards MIC-interpretive criteria for H. influenzae with amoxicillin clavulanate, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Error rate bounded analysis of MICs and disk diffusion zone sizes also suggest modified zone interpretive criteria for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline with HTM or conventional media. Interpretive zone sizes are newly proposed for cefaclor and rifampin disk diffusion tests. PMID- 3500966 TI - Lipopolysaccharide gel profiles of Haemophilus influenzae type b for epidemiologic analysis. PMID- 3500967 TI - Diagnosis of lung disease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: biopsy or cytology and implications for management. AB - One hundred and twenty consecutive bronchoscopic examinations were carried out on 80 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) between January 1982 and December 1986. Ninety one paired biopsy and cytology specimens from 72 of these patients were analysed. There was no significant difference between biopsy and cytology in diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (0.95 greater than p greater than 0.1). In 10 cases P carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by biopsy but not cytology and in seven cases by cytology but not biopsy. Nineteen patients had multiple infections or Kaposi's sarcoma. Biopsy was more useful than cytology in the diagnosis of other infections (n = 20) and Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 2) with positive cytological correlation in only three of the infections. Biopsy and cytology together have a diagnostic yield of 78.3%. We conclude that all patients presenting with respiratory disease who have, or are in a high risk group for, AIDS should be examined by bronchoscopy at an early stage with both cytology and biopsy. PMID- 3500968 TI - C3 degradation products (C3d) in normal pregnancy. AB - Plasma C3 degradation products (C3d) were measured in 65 normal pregnancies and compared with those of non-pregnant women. No significant difference was detected between the two groups, although a difference had been previously reported. Plasma C3d estimations give an indication of complement activation and may be used as an indicator of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), irrespective of pregnancy. PMID- 3500969 TI - Retinal ganglion cell morphology in the frog, Rana pipiens. AB - The morphology of retinal ganglion cells in the frog, Rana pipiens, has been examined in retinal flatmounts following backfilling of axons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Size and shape of the cell body and of the dendritic arbor, the dendritic branching pattern, and the depth of dendritic arborization within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) were all used to classify these cells. All of the ganglion cells so visualized can be grouped into one of 7 distinct cell classes. Class 1 contains the largest ganglion cells, with a soma size of 323 +/- 5.3 microns2 and dendritic fields of 86,819 +/- 11,817 microns2; the dendrites branch within strata 1 and 2 of the IPL. The second largest cells are class 2, with somas of 245 +/- 19.7 microns2 and dendritic fields of 55,983 +/- 7,392 microns2; the dendrites also branch within strata 1 and 2 of the IPL. Class 3 cells are the next largest class with somas of 211 +/- 11.8 microns2 and dendritic fields of 18,186 +/- 1,394 microns2; there are three varieties of class 3 cells based on the depth of branching of the dendrites: some cells are bistratified, others are tristratified, while still other cells arborize diffusely within the IPL. Class 4 cells are intermediate in size, with somas of 113 +/- 7.4 microns2 and dendrites of 4800 +/- 759 microns2; the dendrites arborize within strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. Class 5 cells have not been quantitatively analyzed because they are heterogeneous in soma and dendritic size. However, class 5 cells all have cell bodies displaced in location into the inner nuclear layer and all have a unique dendritic specialization: they send from 1 to 3 processes into the outer plexiform layer. Class 6 cells are the second smallest cell class with somas of 68.1 +/- 5.13 microns2 and dendritic fields of 888 +/- 182 microns2; the dendrites arborize within strata 3, 4, and 5 of the IP. Class 7 contains the smallest ganglion cells with somas of 62.1 +/- 2.86 microns2 and dendritic fields of 831 +/- 74.2 microns2; the dendrites arborize within strata 3, 4, and 5 of the IPL. The frequency of each cell class is inversely proportional to the size of the dendritic field. Thus, class 7 cells are the most frequent; class 1 cells are the least frequent. Furthermore, each of these 7 classes of ganglion cells has representative cells located in the inner nuclear layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3500971 TI - [Systemic treatment of endophthalmia and the qualities of the drug to use]. PMID- 3500970 TI - Retina of the tadpole and frog: delayed dendritic development in a subpopulation of ganglion cells coincident with metamorphosis. AB - In this study, the morphology of tadpole retinal ganglion cells was compared to that of frogs to determine if changes in dendritic structure occur during metamorphosis. Ganglion cells were analyzed in the tadpole and frog after backfilling with horseradish peroxidase. Representative ganglion cells are present in the tadpole retina, which directly correspond to each of the 7 cell classes found in the frog. However, cells in 3 of these classes (1, 3, and 7) exist in morphologically immature states in retinas from tadpole stages St. XIV XIX. New dendritic branches appear and the dendritic arbors of these ganglion cells expand during metamorphosis. We propose that the increased dendritic arborization may be followed by new synaptic contacts onto these cells, which contributes to the emergence of new physiological receptive field properties in the frog. PMID- 3500972 TI - [Intracamera penetration of ofloxacin in man]. AB - The authors have studied the penetration of Ofloxacin in the aqueous humour in 30 patients (30 eyes). Six hours after a single oral dose of 200 mg, the concentration in the anterior chamber reached 0.6 microgram/ml which is 23% of the average serum level. It is over the minimal inhibitory concentration necessary for many bacterial agents found in endophthalmitis (except Streptococcus) because the MIC of Ofloxacin are the lowest among quinolones. Side effects and association with other antibiotics are precise. PMID- 3500973 TI - Failure of haemodynamic measurements to predict recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients receiving propranolol. AB - In an attempt to identify the haemodynamic factors predicting the recurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients receiving propranolol, haemodynamic measurements were prospectively collected. Systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics were assessed before propranolol administration. Among 77 patients receiving propranolol, 24 re-bled and 53 did not re-bleed in a follow-up period of 30-730 days (median 540). There was no difference between patients with and without recurrent bleeding with regard to the initial value of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and hepatic venous pressure gradient. A subgroup of 43 patients was further investigated for the haemodynamic response to one single dose of 40 mg of propranolol. No difference was observed in the propranolol-induced changes of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index or hepatic venous pressure gradient, between patients with (n = 14) and those without (n = 29) recurrent bleeding while taking propranolol. In conclusion, systemic haemodynamics and hepatic venous pressure gradient have no predictive value in evaluating the risk of recurrent bleeding in cirrhotic patients receiving propranolol. Furthermore, therapeutic efficacy of propranolol cannot be predicted from the haemodynamic response to a single first dose of this substance. PMID- 3500974 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting in the elderly. Improving bureaucratic guidelines for patient selection. PMID- 3500975 TI - Early embryonic bursectomy induces eosinophilia. PMID- 3500976 TI - Lymphoma models for B cell activation and tolerance. VI. Reversal of anti-Ig mediated negative signaling by T cell-derived lymphokines. AB - We have recently described three "immature" B cell lymphomas which are exquisitely sensitive to growth inhibition by anti-Ig reagents and may serve as models for tolerance induction in normal B cells. These cells are inhibited from cell cycle progression into S after receiving a negative signal in early G1. In this paper, we demonstrate that the growth inhibition by anti-Ig can be prevented and reversed by the addition of supernatants from T cell lines. One such line, called Tova, produces factors which restore normal levels of DNA synthesis in the presence of concentrations of anti-Fab or anti-kappa immunoglobulins which cause up to a 90% inhibition of thymidine incorporation in a 2- to 3-day culture period. This factor is at least partially effective when added up to 24 hr after anti-Ig to unsynchronized lymphoma cells and it does not alter the growth of control cultures. Studies using synchronized lymphoma cells indicated that the T cell factor permitted cycle progression into S when added during the early G1 exposure to anti-kappa and was less effective when added late in G1. Preliminary characterization suggests that both B cell growth factor II (interleukin 5) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (interleukin 4) have additive activity in this system, although another unidentified lymphokine may also be involved. The relevance of T cell reversal of Ig receptor-mediated negative signaling to neonatal B cell tolerance is emphasized. PMID- 3500977 TI - A limited number of B cell lineages generates the heterogeneity of a secondary immune response. AB - We have studied the cellular basis for heterogeneity in the secondary immune response by creating a large set of B cell hybridomas from a single C57BL/6 mouse immunized with the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl coupled to chicken gamma-globulin, and searching among the cells for all possible sets of clonally related lines. Among 28 independent cell lines from a single animal we find that 21 of them fall into seven small families of from two to five members; only seven lines have no matches among the set. A statistical analysis determines that the number of genetically distinct B cell precursors whose progeny were isolated during this secondary response is 18, with 95% confidence limits of 14 and 26. The distribution of family sizes implies that each activated clone has proliferated to approximately the same extent. Complete sequencing of the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain mRNA from 19 of the cell lines reveals many shared somatic mutations among related lines, implying a pronounced founder effect has occurred to eliminate most of the progeny of each precursor B cell. This may be the result either of a high frequency of debilitating somatic mutation or from selection against cells still expressing the idiotype of primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl antibodies. PMID- 3500978 TI - A monoclonal antibody against a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces relapses and demyelination in central nervous system autoimmune disease. AB - The factors contributing to chronic relapsing inflammatory disease processes of the central nervous system (CNS) and demyelination are poorly understood. In addition to cellular immune reactions, humoral factors such as antibodies might quantitatively or qualitatively influence the disease process. We therefore investigated the effects of administration of a monoclonal antibody specific for a CNS autoantigen on both acute and chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and rats. This monoclonal antibody, 8-18C5, specific for a myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, was observed to accelerate clinical and pathologic changes of CNS autoimmune disease. In SJL mice with chronic relapsing EAE, injection of antibody into animals recovering from an attack induced fatal relapses; in Lewis rats, acute EAE was enhanced and associated with a hyperacute inflammatory response with demyelination, a feature not commonly seen in acute EAE. The demonstration that relapses and demyelination can be induced by administration of a white matter-reactive monoclonal antibody offers new possibilities to study processes resulting in CNS damage during autoimmune disease. Furthermore, these findings support the immunopathogenic potential of antibody to myelin components in inflammatory CNS disease processes and, specifically, in causing demyelination. PMID- 3500979 TI - Direct demonstration of binding of anti-Leu 4 antibody to the 40 kDa Fc receptor on monocytes as a prerequisite for anti-Leu 4-induced T cell mitogenesis. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that about 30% of healthy Caucasian subjects are "nonresponders" in assays of the mitogenic activity of monoclonal mouse IgG1 (mIgG1) anti-CD3 antibodies (e.g., anti-Leu 4 and UCHT-1), and that this unresponsiveness is due to lack of monocyte helper function. In an immunofluorescence assay with fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, we studied the binding of phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-Leu 4 to monocytes from responders and nonresponders. Interaction was observed with monocytes from responders only, and was blocked by a murine monoclonal antibody (IV.3) directed to an epitope on the 40-kDa low affinity Fc receptor (FcRII). This indicates that the interaction represents binding of the Fc part of phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-Leu 4 to FcRII on responder monocytes. Indirect immunofluorescence with antibody IV.3 demonstrated, however, that monocytes from both responders and nonresponders express similar levels of FcRII. Thus, nonresponder monocytes apparently express a variant FcRII which is unable to bind the Fc part of mIgG1 antibodies. The anti-FcRII antibody completely blocked anti-Leu 4-induced (but not OKT3 (mIgG2a)-induced) T cell proliferation in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from responders. The results provide direct evidence that monocytes from anti-Leu 4 responders, but not monocytes from anti-Leu 4 non responders, are able to bind the Fc part of mIgG1 to FcRII, and that this interaction with FcRII is essential for the mitogenic activity of mIgG1 anti-CD3 antibodies. PMID- 3500980 TI - Defective thymocyte maturation in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. AB - Six monoclonal antibodies, designated EqT2, EqT3, EqT6, EqT7, EqT12, and EqT13, which identify T lymphocyte antigens present at different stages of T cell maturation were used to examine T lymphocyte development in foals with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Flow microfluorimetry demonstrated the presence of EqT12+ and EqT13+ prothymocytes and a few phenotypically mature EqT2+ and EqT3+ thymocytes within the thymic remnants of SCID foals. However, very few EqT6+ and EqT7+ resident cortical thymocytes were detected. The near absence of EqT6+ and EqT7+ cortical thymocytes was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis of thymic tissue from SCID foals. Those cells present were larger than normal cortical thymocytes. Furthermore, their activities of adenosine deaminase, adenosine monophosphate-deaminase, and 5' nucleotidase differed from those of normal cortical thymocytes. The combined evidence of monoclonal antibody analysis, size parameters, and purine enzyme activities demonstrate the near absence of cortical thymocytes in horses with this genetically defined immunodeficiency disorder. PMID- 3500981 TI - Selective in vivo antitumor effects of monoclonal anti-I-A antibody on B cell lymphoma. AB - In a study of the biologic consequences of using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with specificity for I-A for the elimination of an I-A-bearing B cell lymphoma, it was found that, despite the presence of I-A on a number of normal cell types and the propensity of anti-I-A to induce modulation of I-A and I-E on normal cells in vivo, a substantial effect on lymphoma growth could be measured in mAb-treated hosts. Unlike I-A on normal cells, tumor I-A failed to modulate in vivo, and 50% of animals could be cured of lymphoma by multiple doses of anti-I-A mAb. With a sensitive spleen tumor colonization assay, it was shown that neither T lymphocytes nor natural killer cells were involved in tumor elimination by anti-I A mAb. In addition, C3 depletion only minimally affected the ability of anti-I-A to inhibit tumor growth, suggesting that complement-dependent lysis of tumor cells was not a major mechanism. Spleen cells from long term survivors of tumor challenge and mAb treatment functioned normally as antigen-presenting cells and in the recognition of alloantigens, and serum Ig levels were somewhat higher than in untreated mice; thus, such therapy can be carried out without compromising the immune reactivity of long term survivors. PMID- 3500982 TI - Increased hemagglutinins after intraperitoneal immunization in postinflammatory state. AB - Hemagglutinins to xenogeneic erythrocytes were increased in rats if intraperitoneal immunization was performed during the healing phase of a chemical peritonitis. Increased absorption of the antigen into lymph nodes draining the peritoneal cavity was probably responsible for the enhanced immune response. PMID- 3500983 TI - Maturation signals for human B cells. Use of the MTT assay and EBV-transformed cell lines to define signals which promote cell growth or immunoglobulin secretion. AB - There are now several relatively well-defined signals that promote B-cell growth and maturation, usually termed 'growth' and 'differentiation' factors (e.g., IL 1, IL-2, BCGF, BSF-1 (IL-4) and BSF-2). In addition, much work has been carried out using continuous cell lines to examine the effects of these two classes of material. Using two different assays to enumerate cell growth and the ELISA to quantify Ig secretion, we would like to emphasize the importance of determining the final cell number when investigating so-called 'differentiation factors', particularly when continuous cell lines are the targets. The results presented here show that materials which promote DNA synthesis in B-cell lines (e.g., IL-1, BCGF) will also cause an increase in Ig secreted, suggesting that they can also promote Ig synthesis. However, when we used the MTT assay to quantitate cell numbers at the end of the assay and then calculated the Ig secreted per cell, only BSF-2 caused an increase in Ig secreted per cell. These results illustrate the importance of determining the final cell number when using continuous cell lines to investigate the actions of materials which modulate human B cell function and suggest that the MTT assay is a simple way of doing this. PMID- 3500985 TI - Bioassay for interleukin-2 inhibitors. PMID- 3500984 TI - Rapid method for purification of human T lymphocytes for further functional studies. AB - We have evaluated a commercially available reagent, T Lympho-kwik, for ability to provide enriched, functional human T cell populations. We have found that this method is more rapid, reliable and efficient than other available methods of T cell isolation and/or macrophage depletion. Although the T Lympho-kwik-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are enriched for T cells, devoid of macrophages, and are not activated by the T Lympho-kwik reagent, they can be induced to proliferate, secrete lymphokines and/or develop alloreactive cytolytic T cell activity under appropriate experimental conditions. Hence, T Lympho-kwik treatment of PBMC is a highly effective technique for providing enriched T cells that are free of accessory cells and that can be used for further functional studies. PMID- 3500987 TI - Immunologic changes in mice infected with Vampirolepis (= Hymenolepis) nana. PMID- 3500986 TI - Association of goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis with HLA-DR3 in eastern Hungary. AB - An association of HLA-DR5 and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis has been reported elsewhere (Farid et al., 1981; Weissel et al., 1980). Recently, the disease was found to be associated with HLA-DR4 in Newfoundlanders (Farid & Thompson, 1986). In order to find out whether different HLA associations with the disease may be found in different ethnic groups, we have now typed 68 patients with autoimmune goitrous thyroiditis from Eastern Hungary for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR antigens; 66 of these patients were also typed for IgG heavy-chain markers (Gm). A significant increase in DR3 (OR = 3.30) and a non-significant increase in DR4 (OR = 1.67) were found in the patients when compared with controls. The Gm3 allele, g, interacted with DR3 to enhance the risk for goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Hashimoto's disease may show different associations in different ethnic groups, and indeed within the same ethnic group, when newly diagnosed patients are typed several years apart. PMID- 3500988 TI - Comparative study between propranolol and sclerotherapy in prophylactic treatment of oesophageal varices and prevention of recurrent bleeding attacks. PMID- 3500989 TI - The role of ductal obstruction on the course of hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the pig. AB - The effect of relieving pancreatic duct obstruction after the onset of hemorrhagic pancreatitis was investigated. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced in 20 pigs by a bile salt-trypsin retrograde injection technique. In half the pigs the pancreatic duct was permanently ligated, and in the other half the ductal obstruction was relieved 2 h after the onset of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. The overall mortality rate was the same in both groups by 24 h. No difference was found between the groups in the gross and microscopic appearance of histological samples taken from the pancreas immediately after death. The biochemical parameters measured to assess the severity of pancreatitis such as calcium, BUN, creatinine, glucose, proteins, and hematocrit did not show any difference between the two groups. The serum amylase level, a measure of ductal obstruction, was less at 24 h and even lower at 48 h in the release group as compared to the non release group. This difference suggests that the ductal obstruction was relieved, as the amylase levels declined at 24 and 48 h. Hemodynamic variables, including cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, and aortic pressure were followed. No significant difference was found in any of these parameters between the two groups. The absence of any significant differences in hemodynamic status, histopathological findings, and biochemical analysis in our pigs, if translatable to man, does not lend support to early operative intervention in gallstone pancreatitis in the hope that those patients who already have hemorrhagic pancreatitis will benefit from early pancreatic ductal decompression. PMID- 3500990 TI - Faecal incontinence. PMID- 3500991 TI - Angiodysplasia--an uncommon cause of colonic bleeding: colonoscopic evaluation of 1,050 patients with rectal bleeding and anaemia. AB - Angiodysplasia of the colon was diagnosed in 31 out of 1,050 patients (3%) presenting with rectal bleeding or anaemia, among 10,000 colonoscoped at St. Mark's Hospital. The lesions were identified in 16 out of 879 (2%) patients with rectal bleeding, in 15 out of 171 (9%) patients with anaemia, and in a further three patients without features of blood loss. The angiodysplasia lesions were predominantly in the right colon (76%) and occurred with a similar frequency (12%) in the transverse and the left colon. Affected patients (59% male and 41% female) were in the older age group (53-89 years; mean age 69.5 years) but only one patient had known aortic valve disease. Angiodysplasia is an important diagnosis to consider in patients presenting with colonic bleeding or anaemia because it can be treated in the majority of cases by endoscopic electrocoagulation. However in our experience it is less common (3%) than previously suggested by other authors (40-67%). Endoscopic over-diagnosis is possible when intramucosal capillaries with no bleeding tendency on local traumatisation or biopsy are included in the diagnosis but these lesions are not true angiodysplasia. PMID- 3500992 TI - The nasopharynx and under-aeration of the middle-ear. AB - This study compared nasopharyngeal sepsis with under-aeration ear disease. Nasopharyngeal sepsis was assessed by culture taken directly from the surface of removed adenoid tissue. 156 cases were studied; 100 showed varying degrees of middle-ear under-aeration and 56 had no active ear disease or history of it. In addition, an assessment of post-nasal obstruction was made and this too was compared with middle-ear status. The conclusions suggested that, whilst normal ears can exist in the presence of accepted nasal pathogens, diseased ears are rarely seen in the absence of nasal sepsis. The degree of post-nasal obstruction seemed irrelevant. The commonest nasopharyngeal pathogen was Haemophilus influenzae and when found alone this had a particularly detrimental affect on middle-ear aeration, causing a significant incidence of mucoid middle-ear effusion in this group. PMID- 3500993 TI - Exercise-enhanced assessment of risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy men. AB - Exercise-enhanced risk assessment for subsequent morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease in 4105 asymptomatic healthy men (mean age of 44.6 +/- 7.9 years) is reported for in Seattle community practice. Annual incidence of primary coronary events ranges from 0.22% in 1792 men (43.6%) without conventional risk factors, to 0.42% in the majority of men (55.3%) with any risk factor(s) and less than two abnormal responses to maximal exercise. Among 44 men (1.1%) at high risk defined by any conventional risk factor(s) and any two or more abnormal responses to maximal exercise, annual incidence of primary coronary events is 5.2% (P less than 0.001). Of 1718 men under 60 years of age without conventional risk factors, 117 or 6.8% who developed ischemic ST depression with maximal exercise testing are false positive responders since no coronary event occurred during the next five years. PMID- 3500994 TI - Electrocardiographic changes with advancing age. A cross-sectional study of the association of age with QRS axis, duration and voltage. AB - In order to examine the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes which occur with advancing age we defined an apparently healthy reference population derived from prospectively followed subjects of the Framingham Heart Study. Healthy subjects were clinically free of hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and valve disease and were not taking antihypertensive or other cardiac medications. ECG tracings were analyzed by the IBM Bonner (V2) program. Mean values and correlations with age for PR duration, QRS duration and axis, S wave voltage V1 and R wave voltage V5 are presented. With advancing age in men there is a narrowing of QRS, a leftward QRS axis shift, and a loss of S V1 and R V5 amplitude. In women only a leftward QRS axis shift is associated with advancing age. These changes should be considered in defining normal age- and sex-specific reference values. These findings underscore theoretical limitations of commonly used criteria for the ECG diagnosis of conditions such as left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 3500995 TI - British Regional Heart Study: the electrocardiogram and risk of myocardial infarction on follow-up. PMID- 3500996 TI - Physiological features of the opercularis muscle and their effects on vibration sensitivity in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. AB - The amphibian opercularis muscle connects a movable otic element (the operculum) to the pectoral girdle and can act in reception of ground vibrations. Various physiological parameters of the opercularis muscle of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana were measured and compared with similar measurements on the iliofibularis muscle of the hindlimb. The opercularis muscle is a very slowly contracting muscle, with a Vmax of 1.81 muscle lengths s-1 compared to a Vmax of 6.24 muscle lengths s-1 for the iliofibularis muscle. The opercularis muscle develops tension slowly, taking about 10 s to attain maximum isometric tension when stimulated at 100 Hz. The muscle can retain high levels of tension for several minutes, and following stimulation has a time to half-relaxation of about 4-6 s. The slow velocity of contraction, slow rate of tension development, fatigue-resistance and slow rate of relaxation of the opercularis muscle support morphological evidence that it consists mostly of tonic muscle fibres. Experiments were also made to examine the effects of muscle tension on reception of ground vibrations as measured by inner ear microphonics. Severing the nerve supplying the opercularis muscle produced slight decreases of no more than 2 dB in responses to vibrations from 25 to 200 Hz. Artificial stimulation of the opercularis muscle after severing the nerve supplying the muscle increased responses to vibration across the entire frequency range. Higher tension levels produced greater increases in responses; at the highest tensions used (about 120 kN m-2) responses were increased by as much as 4.5 dB. The opercularis muscle is therefore specialized for slow but prolonged contractions, and tension is important in its sensory function. A tensed opercularis muscle appears to transmit faithfully motion of the forelimb, produced by vibrations, to the operculum such that the latter moves relative to the inner ear fluids. PMID- 3500997 TI - [A clinical study of acute type B viral hepatitis in adults with special emphasis on serodiagnosis with anti-HBc IgM]. PMID- 3500998 TI - "Imposed" and "inherent" mucosal activity patterns. Their composite representation of olfactory stimuli. AB - Both regional differences in mucosal sensitivity and a gas chromatography-like process along the mucosal sheet have been separately proposed in two sets of earlier studies to produce different odorant-dependent activity patterns across the olfactory mucosa. This investigation evaluated, in one study, whether and to what degree these two mechanisms contribute to the generation of these activity patterns. Summated multiunit discharges were simultaneously recorded from lateral (LN) and medial (MN) sites on the bullfrog's olfactory nerve to sample the mucosal activity occurring near the internal and external nares, respectively. Precisely controlled sniffs of four odorants (benzaldehyde, butanol, geraniol, and octane) were drawn through the frog's olfactory sac in both the forward (H1) and reverse (H2) hale directions. By combining the four resulting measurements, LNH1, LNH2, MNH1, and MNH2, in different mathematical expressions, indexes reflecting the relative effects of the chromatographic process, regional sensitivity, and hale direction could be calculated. Most importantly, the chromatographic process and the regional sensitivity differences both contributed significantly to the mucosal activity patterns. However, their relative roles varied markedly among the four odorants, ranging from complete dominance by either one to substantial contributions from each. In general, the more strongly an odorant was sorbed by the mucosa, the greater was the relative effect of the chromatographic process; the weaker the sorption, the greater the relative effect of regional sensitivity. Similarly, the greater an odorant's sorption, the greater was the effect of hale direction. Other stimulus variables (sniff volume, sniff duration, and the number of molecules within the sniff) had marked effects upon the overall size of the response. For strongly sorbed odorants, the effect of increasing volume was positive; for a weakly sorbed odorant, it was negative. The reverse may be true for duration. In contrast, the effect of increasing the number of molecules was uniformly positive for all four odorants. However, there was little evidence that these other stimulus variables had a major influence upon the effects of the chromatographic process and regional sensitivity differences in their generation of mucosal activity patterns. PMID- 3501000 TI - Reterogasserian anhydrous glycerol injection therapy in trigeminal neuralgia: observations in 552 patients. AB - Five hundred and fifty two patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated with reterogasserian anhydrous glycerol injections. Two hundred and twenty four patients (59.1%) at the end of two years and eight patients (8.1%) at the end of six years were free from pain after a single injection. There was recurrence of pain in 136 patients (27.7%) after one year and in an additional 155 patients (40.9%) after two years. The recurrence was seen earlier in patients who had either a neurolytic injection or had undergone surgical procedures, compared with those patients who had been treated with drugs. Complications of injection were few and not incapacitating. The technique was found to be safe, cheap and effective in treating trigeminal neuralgia, and is recommended for centres where there are financial constraints. PMID- 3500999 TI - Spinal cord stimulation and the relief of chronic pain. AB - Twenty six patients who had received spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain were evaluated by videotaped structured interviews with staff not directly involved in the patients' care. In addition estimates of pain relief were obtained from clinicians involved in the patients' care and from close relatives and friends. Information about lifestyles and drug usage was also collected and correlated with pain relief. At the time of the interviews half of the patients were receiving 50% or better relief of their pain. PMID- 3501001 TI - Visual postural performance after loss of somatosensory and vestibular function. AB - Visual stabilisation of body sway in a patient with severe deficits of the vestibular system (due to gentamicin treatment) and the somatosensory system (due to polyneuropathy) was studied. With eyes open the patient was able to stand and walk slowly. With eyes closed he lost balance within one second. In order to optimise visual stabilisation he intuitively searched for nearby visual targets. His postural sway was recorded using posturography. His balance performance deteriorated significantly beyond a distance of 1 m between the eyes and the surrounding objects and with visual acuity below 0.3 (experimentally achieved with semitransparent plastic foils). With flicker illumination of decreasing frequencies of the visual surround he needed at least a visual input rate of 17 Hz in order to maintain an upright body position. The data provide clinical evidence for rapid visuo-spinal control of posture. PMID- 3501002 TI - Regional and temporal effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine on dopamine uptake sites in mouse brain. AB - When the regional effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on brain dopamine uptake sites in C57 Black mice were studied using [3H]mazindol autoradiography, marked regional differences in effect were seen: the mesolimbic system was less affected than the nigrostriatal tract and within each system the effect was more severe in the terminal fields of the striatum than in the cells of origin. Within the striatum itself there was inhomogeneity of effect, with relative sparing of the dorsomedial aspect compared to the remainder. Complete recovery of [3H]mazindol binding to striatal membranes occurred over 12 months, while dopamine levels recovered more slowly. This supports the concept that MPTP has a highly selective effect within dopaminergic systems and that the initial effect is more pronounced on distal terminals compared to cell bodies. The possibility that recovery of mazindol binding with time may be associated with terminal regrowth needs to be investigated further. PMID- 3501003 TI - Ultrastructure of degenerative changes following ricin application to feline dental pulps. AB - The ultrastructure of degenerative changes within the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion, and partes caudalis and interpolaris of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the cat is described following the application of the potent toxin ricin to the tooth pulps of unilateral maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth, including the cuspids. Survival times ranged from 6 to 10 days. Typical changes identified within the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion included myelin fragmentation and 'compartmentalization' of the axoplasm of medium-sized myelinated axons, while small myelinated and unmyelinated axons underwent a more variable response ranging from electron-lucent to electron-dense changes. The affected cell body was characterized by the presence of swollen, electron-lucent mitochondria, a reduction of cytoplasmic ribosomes and a filamentous hyperplasia. Other changes often included an eccentric nucleus and satellite cell proliferation. Degenerative changes often occurred in isolated elements surrounded by normal profiles, suggesting specificity of ricin within the trigeminal ganglion. Changes within brainstem axons showed both an electron-dense and a lucent, fragmenting type of axonal alteration. Terminal changes ranged from electron-dense to lucent and also included filamentous hyperplasia and 'hyperglycogenesis'. The altered axonal knobs contained round synaptic vesicles that were presynaptic to dendritic profiles and postsynaptic to terminals containing flattened synaptic vesicles. The above brainstem alterations were identified specifically in the following areas: ventrolateral, medial and dorsomedial pars interpolaris; the ventrolateral and mid-dorsal to dorsomedial areas of the marginalis and outer substantia gelatinosa layers of pars caudalis; and in ventral pockets corresponding to lamina V of the medullary dorsal horn. Dense alterations within terminals containing flattened synaptic vesicles that are typically presynaptic to primary afferents in these areas were rare findings, but along with vacuolization of dendritic profiles suggest a trans-synaptic effect possibly due to the exocytosis of ricin. The results are discussed in relation to different reports of dental projections and with regards to patterns of transganglionic degeneration. PMID- 3501004 TI - Semiquantitative SPECT imaging for assessment of bone reactions in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. AB - The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 60 patients with arthrographically confirmed internal derangements and 30 volunteers were examined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Semiquantitative evaluation was done by forming a quotient from the counts of a constantly sized TMJ-ROI relative to the overall counts of the cranium. The TMJ/cranium quotient depended on the age of the subject, with younger patients showing a larger quotient than older ones. Normal joints were separated from the afflicted ones by means of a discriminant analysis. Sensitivity of semiquantitative evaluation was 78% (disc displacements with reduction) and 89% (disc displacements without reduction). Correct visual evaluation was made in 53% of the reducing and 75% of the nonreducing discs. Semiquantitative SPECT of the TMJs provides important information on the extent of osseous changes in afflicted joints and is suitable for follow-up of splint therapy. It may also be helpful as a screening method in detecting clinically normal joints before arthrography is carried out and in assessing the presumptive response to treatment with a splint. PMID- 3501005 TI - What is "primary sclerosing cholangitis"? PMID- 3501006 TI - Rectosigmoidoscopic findings during isolated rectal bleeding in the neonate. AB - This study describes a group of 34 infants under 1 1/2 months of age presenting with isolated rectal bleeding not related to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn or to campylobacter infection and with spontaneously favorable evolution. Systematic rectosigmoidoscopy showed the presence of mucosal alterations in the form of either longitudinally stretched ecchymoses lying on a normal mucosa or diffuse ecchymotic patches dispersed on a congestive and friable mucosa, rarely associated to visible micro-ulcerations. Biopsies showed mucosal hemorrhage, capillary vessel congestion, and epithelial erosions, as well as various grades of inflammation. Clinical data indicate that this hemorrhagic colitis is a heterogeneous group where dietary protein intolerance may account for some cases. PMID- 3501007 TI - Growth and adiposity of term infants fed whey-predominant or casein-predominant formulas or human milk. AB - Growth, estimated composition of weight gained, and stool patterns of term infants who were fed either a whey-predominant formula or a casein-predominant formula in a random design and of breast-fed infants were compared. All infants (N = 111) were healthy, singleton products of uncomplicated pregnancies. Birth weights and other anthropometric measures in the first few days of life were not different among the three feeding groups. Formula or breast milk was the infants' principal source of energy from birth to age 16 weeks. Average energy intakes of formula-fed infants and change of intakes with age were similar in both groups at all ages. Feeding groups were not significantly different at any age in weight, length, weight or length gain, head circumference, skinfold measurements, upper arm fat area and muscle area, or estimated total body fat. Stools of infants on the whey-predominant formula differed from both the breast-fed and casein predominant formula groups. PMID- 3501008 TI - Protracted hemorrhagic gastritis in an infant recovering from acute pancreatitis- successful management with prostaglandin E2 analogue. AB - This case report describes the course and management of a 10-week-old boy with idiopathic hemorrhagic pancreatitis who presented initially with ascites. His hospital course was complicated by severe recurrent intraperitoneal bleeding, requiring, in less than 5 days three exploratory laparotomies to control the hemorrhage. In the following 11 weeks he had five major bleeding episodes attributed to ulcers, gastritis, and esophagitis. Continuous infusion of H2 blockers, antacid drip, and sucralfate combined with Nissen fundoplication, elective vagotomy, and pyloroplasty were used unsuccessfully to control the bleeding until a prostaglandin E2 analogue at 18 micrograms/kg/day in four divided doses was given enterally. During the following 19 months, there has been no recurrence of bleeding. PMID- 3501009 TI - Juvenile polyps and ulcerative colitis. AB - Four children with ulcerative colitis, three of whom were in clinical remission of their disease, experienced rectal bleeding due to solitary juvenile polyps. Only one of the four polyps was detected radiologically. Two children passed their polyps spontaneously, one was identified at colonoscopy, and the fourth caused colocolic intussusception and was removed during surgery. PMID- 3501011 TI - Increase in macrophage progenitor cell number in femoral marrow of mice after continuous infusion or repeated injections of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor. AB - Continuous intraperitoneal infusion of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M CSF or CSF-1) for 6 d resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in the frequency of progenitor cells (CFUc) of macrophages in femoral marrow in C3H/HeN mice but there was no significant increase in the number of blood leukocytes in these animals. Infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also increased femoral macrophage CFUc frequency to the same extent as the above. Furthermore, the effect of the M-CSF preparation was much less pronounced in LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice than in LPS-sensitive C3H/HeN mice. The results show that the effect of M CSF on bone marrow CFUc is marginal, even when it is administered in large amounts in the animals. PMID- 3501010 TI - Keeping children safe: the Haemophilus influenzae type b immunization. PMID- 3501012 TI - In vitro radiosensitivity of human fresh T-lymphocytes by colony formation assay using PHA and recombinant interleukin-2. PMID- 3501013 TI - Experimental allergic orchitis in mice: IV. Preliminary characterization of the major murine testis specific aspermatogenic autoantigen(s). AB - Active experimental allergic orchitis (EAO), characterized by inflammation of the testes (autoimmune orchitis), aspermatogenesis, epididymitis and vasitis was induced in mice using a panel of tissue antigens as immunogens. Immunization with allogeneic murine tissue homogenates emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) accompanied by the injection of pertussigen revealed that only adult murine testicular and epididymal homogenates are capable of eliciting murine EAO. All other tissue antigens studied including prepubertal mouse and epididymal homogenates failed to elicit significant disease. Immunization with xenogeneic testicular antigens also failed to elicit significant disease indicating that the major murine aspermatogenic autoantigen(s) is also highly species specific. Sensitization with allogeneic mouse testicular homogenates (MTH) from different disease resistant strains was for the most part no less potent in inducing significant disease than was immunization with mouse testicular homogenates from disease susceptible strains. However, testicular homogenates from NZB/B1NJUnm and MRL/MpJ-/+Unm mice were significantly less potent at inducing autoimmune epididymitis as compared to other strains, indicating possible interstrain differences in the immunogenicity of the aspermatogenic autoantigen(s) relevant to eliciting epididymitis. Attempts at solubilization and purification of the major murine aspermatogenic autoantigen(s) utilizing techniques employed for the purification of aspermatogenic autoantigens such as AP3 from guinea pig (GP) testes were unsuccessful. Additional extraction procedures resulted in solubilization of the relevant autoantigen(s) only after reduction in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. These data suggest that: (1) there may be a much more limited number of aspermatogenic autoantigens in murine testes as compared to GP testes; (2) the disease inducing determinant(s) may be expressed as either a sequential antigenic determinant(s) or as an antigenic determinant(s) in the carbohydrate portion of a glycoprotein or glycopeptide; and (3) the disease inducing autoantigen(s) may be present in situ in a highly insoluble form requiring active processing within the target organ in order to generate soluble antigen capable of being seen by immune reactants. PMID- 3501014 TI - Cellular events associated with autoimmune oophoritis and ovarian tumorigenesis in neonatally thymectomized mice. AB - Thymectomy at 3 days of age (Tx-3) in (C3H/HeMs x 129/J)F1 (C31) female mice results in post-pubertal ovarian dysgenesis associated with high levels of circulating auto-oocyte antibodies (AOA) prior to ovarian tumor formation. Evidence suggests that the etiology for the ovarian dysgenesis resulting from Tx 3 is autoimmune and involves helper T cell abnormalities. The present study characterized circulating leukocytes and mitogenic activity using concanavalin A (ConA) with serologically selected spleen T cells. We observed no sustained abnormalities in either number of circulating leukocytes or percentages of granulocytes or lymphocytes. Circulating mononuclear cells with positive immunofluorescence for Thy 1.2 and Lyt 1.1+Lyt 1.2 cell markers were similar in all mice. However, the spleen cells from Tx-3 mice with ovarian dysgenesis remaining after adsorption with antisera to the Lyt 2.1+Lyt 2.2 antigens (helper T cells remaining) showed increased incorporation of [3H]thymidine compared to the intact mice. This stimulated activity occurred during the periods of early ovarian dysgenesis and active tumor growth. Apparently, the autoimmune oophoritis results from an imbalance within the Lyt 1 cells which may represent a primary insult to the ovary that results in later ovarian tumor development. PMID- 3501015 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following 5-fluorouracil administration. AB - A 54-year-old man who had been treated with monthly courses of 5-fluorouracil for one year developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. No evidence of significant, permanent, immunologic impairment was evident one year after the patient became infected. An infection associated with 5-fluorouracil treatment is implicated. PMID- 3501016 TI - Random faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin excretion in children with acute diarrhoea. PMID- 3501017 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in human colostrum with special reference to that of undernourished mothers. PMID- 3501018 TI - Posturographic findings in two common peripheral vestibular disorders. AB - Peripheral vestibular pathology disturbs the vestibulospinal reflex in a number of cases. The recording of postural sway furnishes an evaluation of this vestibulospinal influence. Two common peripheral vestibular syndromes were studied: Meniere's disease and peripheral unilateral vestibular hypofunction. It is evident that, by posturography, vestibulospinal disturbance is shown in these peripheral syndromes, whereas its occurrence cannot be predicted by other tests, e.g. caloric and rotation tests. Normalization of the vestibulospinal reflex depends on central adapting mechanisms, which were evidently still incomplete in a number of the cases examined. Whereas abnormal postural results were equally observed in both groups, rotation tests showed better vestibulo-ocular compensation in Meniere's disease, compared to the cases with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. It mattered not whether the Meniere patient was in an active or a stabilized phase. A striking difference was noted for those Meniere patients with atypical vertigo complaints, who showed a high frequency of posturographic disturbances. PMID- 3501019 TI - Repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms in the elderly: are shunts necessary? AB - Thoracic aortic aneurysms in elderly patients are being recognized with increasing frequency. A review of 12 patients 70 years of age or older who underwent repair of aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta without the use of shunts or bypass revealed that this operation could be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality. The two deaths in this series were patients who were operated on emergently, whereas all patients operated on electively or urgently survived to leave the hospital. PMID- 3501020 TI - The clinical and prognostic significance of dipyridamole Tl-201 emission computed tomography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - To clarify the clinical significance of regional myocardial perfusion abnormality of the left ventricle in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 20 patients with DCM underwent dipyridamole Tl-201 emission computed tomography (ECT). The subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 had (n = 9) reversible defects and group 2 (n = 11) had persistent defects only. Group 2 patients significantly advanced heart failure and significantly poorer prognoses than group 1 (55% vs 11% in 2 years survival rate, p less than 0.05). The echocardiographic left ventricular end diastolic dimension was larger in group 2 than group 1 (68.3 +/- 8.2 mm vs 61.9 +/- 4.0 mm, p less than 0.05) and % fractional shortening was smaller in group 2 than group 1 (18.0 +/- 4.5% vs 24.5 +/- 6.9%, p less than 0.05). Moreover, 12 of the 13 segments with reversible defect showed fairly well preserved left ventricular wall motion, whereas 35 of 58 segments with persistent defect had severely impaired wall motion (1/13 vs 35/58, p less than 0.01). Dipyridamole Tl 201 ECT demonstrated conclusively that the two types of defects (reversible and persistent) are useful to evaluate not only the abnormal myocardial perfusion but also myocardial damage and the prognosis in DCM. PMID- 3501021 TI - Results of internal mammary artery-coronary artery bypass surgery and the characteristics of internal mammary artery grafts. AB - Coronary artery bypass grafting utilizing the internal mammary artery (IMA) was performed in 108 patients with an operative mortality (less than 1 month) of 0% and a hospital mortality of 1.9%. The IMA was used most often in the left anterior descending artery system in combination with saphenous vein grafts (SVG) to the right and left circumflex artery systems. Although the IMA flow was smaller than the SVG flow when measured intraoperatively by an electromagnetic flow meter, postoperative clinical, electrocardiographic, isotopic, angiographic and coronary sinus flow-metric studies all demonstrated that the IMA can respond well to myocardial blood flow demand both at rest and during exercise, resulting in excellent clinical improvements with no detectable signs of flow deficiency. In addition, no signs of ischemia were detected in any of the 15 patients with stenosis in the left main trunk treated with an IMA graft. The IMA graft appears to have a great adaptive capacity to meet increased myocardial demand. Postoperative angiography performed at an average of 3 months after surgery in 60 unselected patients demonstrated an IMA patency rate of 98% in comparison with 88% patency in SVGs to the left anterior descending artery (p less than 0.05). Not only the patency rate, but also the graft wall characteristics were much better in IMA grafts than in SVGs. Some SVGs showed marked wall irregularity as early as 3 months after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501022 TI - The experimental study of the coronary reperfusion in the acute myocardial ischemia: the feasibility of the myocardial salvage. AB - In order to know the feasibility of coronary reperfusion by thrombolysis or aorto coronary bypass graft in the early stages of the acute myocardial infarction, we studied the effect of the coronary artery reperfusion to acutely ischemic myocardium induced by the coronary artery occlusion in ninety-five anesthetized open-chest dogs. The major factors determining the extent of the myocardial salvage by the reperfusion were the duration of the occlusion time and the degree of the reperfusion injury. These two determinants were analysed by coronary circulation, the regional myocardial function, the mitochondrial metabolism, mitochondrial Ca and Mg contents, and morphological findings of the myocardium by electron-microscopy. The regional myocardial contractility (% systolic shortening) and the mitochondrial metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) were significantly damaged by the reperfusion more in 60 minute occlusion than in 30 minute occlusion, although the coronary circulation (coronary blood flow, regional myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular resistance) and myocardial gas contents (PO2, PCO2 and pH) in the ischemic myocardium induced by less than 60 minute occlusion were almost recovered to the pre-occluded level by 60 minutes after reperfusion. By 120 minute reperfusion, the ischemic damage calculated from mitochondrial Ca and Mg contents (MC index: 1-[Mg/Ca] ischemia/[Mg/Ca] non ischemia) was not changed in 30 minute occlusion but was significantly deteriorated in 60 minute occlusion. Therefore, coronary reperfusion must be started within 60 minutes or less after occlusion. A supplementary way to protect the myocardium from ischemia is needed as soon as possible before reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501023 TI - [Comparison of propofol and thiopental as an intravenous anesthetic for induction]. PMID- 3501024 TI - [T-CLL with cytotoxic phenotype accompanied by gastric cancer and thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 3501025 TI - [Clinical study on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and complement systems after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices with human thrombin]. PMID- 3501026 TI - [Effects of endogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) on acid secretion, intramucosal mucus and HC1-induced mucosal injury in the stomach in submandibular gland removed rats]. PMID- 3501027 TI - Identification of pregnancy from bloodstains by radioimmunoassay for pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). PMID- 3501028 TI - [Application of ELISA methods for the identification of pronase-digested human serum proteins--forensic immunological studies on human specificity, report XXII]. PMID- 3501029 TI - [Immunological study of IgA nephropathy--relationship of T cell function, monocytes and the circulating immune complex]. PMID- 3501030 TI - Localization of C3d in renal tissues of patients with membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3501031 TI - Leukemia-associated inhibitory activity in acute leukemia developed from myelodysplastic syndrome. AB - Clinical responses of patients with acute leukemia (AL) following the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to the standard therapy are poor. It is considered that the greatly decreased hemopoiesis in these cases is responsible for their clinical picture. We studied leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA), which inhibited human granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, in these patients. Peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNC) suppressive to granulocyte-macrophage colony formation were present in 3 of 5 cases of de novo AL and in 3 of 4 cases of AL following MDS. The PB MNC-cultured media from these cases also suppressed colony formation. The elution patterns of LIA of these cases were almost identical in gel chromatography. These results suggest that LIA may be responsible for the suppression of normal granulopoiesis in some patients with AL developed from MDS, and that the profound derangement of normal hemopoietic capability in these cases may be due to multiple complex factors. PMID- 3501032 TI - [Exercise tests in comparison with postoperative angiographic studies in the evaluation of the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3501033 TI - [Assessment of the hemodynamic state of ischemic heart disease patients following aortocoronary shunting in relation to indices during surgery]. AB - Ninety-one coronary patients, aged 30 to 66 years, were investigated following aortocoronary shunting (ACS). The operations made use of assisted circulation (AC) and cold pharmacologic cardioplegia (CP). Three different cardioplegic solutions were used to achieve heart arrest and myocardial protection. Postoperative hemodynamic status was influenced by the duration of AC and CP as well as the composition of the cardioplegic solutions used, the number of shunts applied and the quality of revascularization. Temporary depression of the heart's pump function (within 1-2 months after ACS) was more pronounced in cases of: 1) longer time under AC and CP; 2) the use of a cardioplegic solution with a relatively low potassium content; 3) multiple shunts, and 4) partial revascularization. PMID- 3501034 TI - [Treatment of aseptic necrosis of the carpal bones]. PMID- 3501035 TI - [T- and B lymphocytes in patients with post-burn infections]. PMID- 3501036 TI - [Osteocalcin and bone histology in osteoporosis]. AB - The decoupling of bone formation and bone resorption causes an insidious bone loss that is responsible for the negative skeletal balance in the frequent form of low turnover osteoporosis. The reduction of bone formation can hardly be verified by clinical methods. Osteocalcin, a non-collagenous bone protein, has proved to be a useful new indicator of bone formation. To establish its predictable value, plasma levels of osteocalcin were compared to conventional serological data of bone turnover and to histomorphometric parameters of iliac crest trabecular bone. In cases of osteoporosis with normal bone turnover activity (as confirmed by histomorphometry) no differences were observed in any of our laboratory data including osteocalcin. However, there was a significant lower mean serum level of osteocalcin in a group of patients with histomorphometrically proven low turnover osteoporosis in comparison to those with normal bone turnover. Serum levels of osteocalcin below 2.0 ng/ml seem to indicate a low turnover in the individual case of osteoporosis while this is unlikely when serum levels above 6.0 ng/ml are measured (according to our RIA). PMID- 3501037 TI - Erythema multiforme following diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination. PMID- 3501038 TI - Serum immunoglobulin E levels in normal children. PMID- 3501039 TI - Glucocorticoid action on the immune system. AB - Glucocorticoids have profound effects on immune function that are mediated, in part, by steroid-induced cell death. Our studies have been aimed at identifying the mechanism of this lymphocytolytic process using the rat thymocyte as a model system. Administration of glucocorticoids in vivo resulted in internucleosomal cleavage of the lymphocyte genome that was detectable within 2 h of treatment and increased with time after hormone administration. Six h after steroid treatment greater than 50% of the genome was degraded, yet cell viability remained greater than 90% indicating that this event preceded cell death. Furthermore, this process appeared to be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor since the antagonist RU 486 blocked glucocorticoid-mediated DNA degradation. To further characterize this lymphocytolysis we have analyzed glucocorticoid-treated thymocytes for nucleases. Two families of nuclear proteins have been identified, a 30-32 kDa doublet and a series of 3-4 proteins that are 12-19 kDa, both of which are induced by glucocorticoid treatment (137 +/- 6% and 342 +/- 24%, respectively) and have prominent nuclease activity. These nucleases can also be induced in vitro indicating that glucocorticoids act directly on thymocytes to mediate this response. Moreover, this nuclease induction, like glucocorticoid mediated DNA degradation, could be blocked by RU 486. Based on these findings we propose a working model of glucocorticoid-mediated lymphocytolysis in which these steroids, acting via a receptor mediated process, induce the expression of a lysis gene product (nuclease) which degrades the genome and results in cell death. PMID- 3501040 TI - Estrogen and oncogene mediated growth regulation of human breast cancer cells. AB - The mechanism of growth control in estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast cancer is not completely understood. We have used both hormonally responsive and unresponsive breast cancer cells in culture to study the role of estrogens, oncogenes, and growth factors in their malignant transformation. MCF 7, an estrogen-receptor containing cell line, requires estradiol for tumor formation in vivo and is growth stimulated by estradiol and growth inhibited by antiestrogens in vitro. The growth regulation of MCF-7 cells by estrogens and antiestrogens may be linked to changes in several growth-related enzymes and polypeptide growth factors. Growth-acting polypeptides that are estradiol inducible include IGF-I, TGF-alpha, and PDGF. Induction of at least two growth related enzymes, thymidine kinase and dihydrofolate reductase is by transcriptional regulation of their mRNAs. To understand the natural progression of human breast cancer, we have experimentally constructed a hormone-independent fully tumorigenic cell line from the non-tumorigenic MCF-7 cells by introduction of an activated oncogene, v-rasH, into these cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Acquisition of the activated ras gene confers hormone autonomy on the previously hormone-dependent tumorigenicity and results in upregulation in secretion of some of the growth factors in amounts compared to estradiol stimulation. The transfected cells also become refractory to growth regulation by estradiol and antiestrogens in culture, although estrogen responses persist. Hormone independent breast cancer cells in culture show high constitutive growth factor secretion. Direct infusion of some of the authentic growth factors and medium conditioned by estrogen-independent cells into athymic ovariectomized mice suggests a direct involvement of some of the polypeptides in the in vivo progression of tumors by these cells. Thus, aberrant production of growth factors, triggered either by activated oncogenes and estrogen stimulation in hormone-dependent cells, or by increased constitutive production in hormone independent cells may in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner be associated with neoplastic growth of breast cancer. PMID- 3501041 TI - Further evidence that there is more than one adrenal 21-hydroxylase system. AB - The 21-hydroxylase activity of microsomes isolated from bovine adrenal cortex have been assayed using [21-3H]17-hydroxypregnenolone and [1,2-3H]17 hydroxyprogesterone as substrates. When the assays are performed in the presence of an NADH regenerating system, to inhibit steroid 3 beta-hydroxy isomerase dehydrogenase activity, the microsomes oxidize the 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid at a rate of 0.37 nmol/min.nmol cytochrome P-450 and the 3-keto-4-ene steroid at a rate of 6.4 nmol/min.nmol. When the microsomes are solubilized with Triton CF 54 they lose the ability to oxidize the 3-hydroxy-5-ene steroid, while the specific activity of the microsomes for the 3-keto-4-ene steroid is enhanced 3 fold. In contrast, when the microsomes are solubilized with sodium cholate, their specific activity towards the 4-ene steroid is decreased by 50% while the specific activity for a low concentration of the 5-ene steroid, 1 microM, is unchanged. In addition, when the oxidations of the labeled steroids (at 1 microM) by the microsomes, are examined in the presence of unlabeled 17 hydroxyprogesterone (at 20 microM) the oxidation of the 3-keto-4-ene steroid is inhibited by 92% while the oxidation of the 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid is only inhibited by 20%. These results all suggest that there are at least two 21 hydroxylases in bovine adrenal tissue, one of which can utilize the 3-keto-4-ene steroids only, the other of which, in addition, can utilize the 3 beta-hydroxy-5 ene steroids as substrates. PMID- 3501042 TI - Inhibition of clonogenic growth of fresh leukemia cells by unstimulated and IL-2 stimulated NK cells of normal donors. AB - We have demonstrated that unstimulated highly-enriched NK cells have the capability to inhibit the growth of fresh clonogenic leukemic cells from AML, CML and preleukemic patients. The NK-cell population mediating antileukemic reactivity exhibited LGL morphology and NKH1 and CD16 phenotype. The inhibition of leukemic growth could be mediated by cell-to-cell contact or by soluble factor produced by NK cells. Antileukemia activity was only detectable when enriched population of LGL was utilized; NW-filtered lymphocyte population did not exhibit leukemia-inhibitory effect. However, such activity could be generated after culture of the latter effector cells with IL-2. The leukemia directed IL-2 activated effector cells were characterized as NK cells. The data reported here provide new insight into host factors which may control leukemia growth and indicate the possible future application of NK cells for therapy of leukemia. PMID- 3501043 TI - Regeneration of spleen colony-forming cells and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors in T-cell deprived mice treated with cyclophosphamide. AB - The role of T cells in regeneration of CFU-S(d8) and GM-CFU was investigated in adult Cy treated mice. CBA mice were deprived of T cells by adult thymectomy and irradiation (TIR) and treated with 200 mg/kg Cy. The type of CFU-S(d8) and GM-CFU regeneration curve after Cy was not different from that found in nonthymectomized, irradiated (NIR) mice. The activity of a stimulator of CFU S(d8) proliferation was increased to the same degree in the bone marrow of both TIR and NIR mice. However CFU-S(d8) recovered to a higher level in TIR than in NIR mice. The results presented demonstrate that T-cell depletion in adult mice influences CFU-S(d8) growth. PMID- 3501044 TI - Transfection of a factor-dependent cell line with the murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) cDNA results in autonomous growth and tumorigenesis. AB - The factor dependent murine myeloid line 32D c15 was transfected by electroporation with a murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) cDNA expression plasmid bearing the murine metallothionein-I promoter element. Factor-independent cell growth was readily obtained, and was shown to be accompanied by the production of biologically active IL-3. Three cell lines, growing autonomously and secreting IL 3 activity into their supernatants were established. S-1 nuclease analysis was employed to demonstrate that the introduced plasmid and not the endogenous IL-3 gene was the source of the IL-3 in one of these lines. The transfected IL-3 secreting cell lines, but not the parental factor-dependent 32D c15 cells, were uniformly able to induce tumors in syngeneic mice. These results indicate that the conversion to a malignant phenotype of a "partially transformed" cell line may be achieved by one additional dominant genetic event, such as the acquisition of autocrine growth factor secretion. PMID- 3501045 TI - New advances in cuprophan membranes: steam-sterilization modified cellulose. PMID- 3501046 TI - Chromosomal localization of the human G-CSF gene to 17q11 proximal to the breakpoint of the t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia. AB - The G-CSF gene encodes a hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that promotes growth, differentiation, and survival of neutrophilic granulocytes. By analysis of somatic cell hybrids and in situ chromosomal hybridization, we localized this gene to human chromosome 17, at bands q11 to q12, the region of the breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the 15;17 translocation [t(15;17)] characteristic of acute promyelocytic leukemia. To determine the position of the G-CSF gene in relation to the breakpoint junctions and to evaluate the possible role of G-CSF in the pathogenesis of promyelocytic leukemia, we applied the techniques of in situ chromosomal hybridization and Southern blot analysis to leukemia cells from eight acute promyelocytic leukemia patients who had a t(15;17). Our results indicate that the G-CSF gene is proximal to the breakpoint of the t(15;17) and that this gene remains on the rearranged chromosome 17. Southern blot analysis using conventional and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis did not reveal rearranged restriction fragments, indicating that no rearrangements had occurred within the G-CSF gene or in surrounding sequences. PMID- 3501047 TI - Theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive "early" and "late" E rosette forming cells in young and aged humans. AB - The percentage of cells with high-affinity sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptors, "active" or "early" rosette-forming cells, (ARFC) in theophylline-resistant peripheral blood T lymphocytes achieve higher values in aged subjects and, in particular, in the group with clinically manifested atherosclerosis. A diminished OKT-4/OKT-8 ratio in theophylline-resistant ARFC was noticed in this group. On the contrary, the proportion of the theophylline-resistant cells with low affinity receptors, cold or late rosette-forming cells (CRFC) attained lower values in aged subjects than in young subjects. No statistical difference in the proportion of theophylline-sensitive T cells was evident between old and young people, both in ARFC and CRFC fractions. This is indicative of the elevation of activated (or less differentiated) cytotoxic T cells in the peripheral blood of aged subjects with clinically manifested atherosclerosis. The clinical aspect is still to be considered. PMID- 3501049 TI - [Tuberculosis morbidity in Spain]. PMID- 3501048 TI - Differences in determinants of physician use between aged and middle-aged persons. AB - The authors examined whether there are differences in the determinants of physician use between aged and middle-aged individuals. Data were obtained through interviews and medical records from a probability sample of 460 individuals aged 45-89 years old. Physical health measures were important predictors for both age groups, but there were differences in the relative importance of specific variables. The number of diagnoses was more important in predicting physician use for the middle-aged and bed days was more significant for the aged. Psychologic factors played a slightly greater role in predicting physician use for the aged, and enabling and predisposing variables were somewhat more important for the middle-aged. Utilization during the year before the interview was associated with subsequent physician use for both age groups, but the correlation was weaker among the aged. Age differences in the predictors of physician use are believed to result from the unique illness response elicited by chronic, as opposed to acute, illness. PMID- 3501050 TI - [Cotrimoxazole-induced agranulocytosis]. PMID- 3501051 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon and anticentromere antibodies]. PMID- 3501052 TI - [Contribution of molecular biology to the study of lymphoproliferative syndromes]. PMID- 3501053 TI - [Cellular immunity in HIV infection]. PMID- 3501054 TI - Human epidermal growth factor concentrations in urine, but not in saliva and serum, depend on thyroid state. AB - To evaluate the effects of thyroid hormones on the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF), we determined values for the immunoreactive EGF concentration in the urine (U-irEGF) of newborn infants with congenital hypothyroidism (N = 19), and in urine, saliva and serum of adult patients with hypothyroidism (N = 11) and hyperthyroidism (N = 8). The values were expressed as SD score (SDS), i.e. deviation in SD units from their mean value of healthy subjects of the same age and sex. The SDS of relative U-irEGF (ng/mg creatinine) was lower (P less than 0.01) in newborn infants with congenital hypothyroidism ( 0.8 +/- 0.2; mean +/- SEM) than in healthy infants. Their relative U-irEGF correlated with their serum T4 concentrations (r = 0.59, P less than 0.01). The SDS of relative U-irEGF was lower (P less than 0.01) in adult hypothyroid patients (-1.2 +/- 0.5) and higher (P greater than 0.05) in adult hypothyroid patients (0.9 +/- 0.6) than in healthy adult subjects. When subsequently euthyroid, their SDS of relative U-irEGF increased to -0.5 +/- 0.3 (P less than 0.01), and decreased to -0.7 +/- 1.1 (P less than 0.05), respectively. The irEGF concentrations in saliva and serum were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients. Our results indicate that urinary excretion of irEGF in man is dependent on thyroid hormone. PMID- 3501055 TI - Chronic ethanol consumption reduces [3H]inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate specific binding in mouse cerebellar membrane fragments. AB - [3H]In(1,4,5)P3 specific binding was determined in membrane fragments from various brain regions of adult male C57/BL mice. [3H]In(1,4,5)P3 specific binding was at least 10 times higher in cerebellum than in either striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, or midbrain. Ethanol added in vitro up to 500 mM to cerebellar membrane fragments of control mice had no significant effect on [3H]In(1,4,5)P3 specific binding. In contrast, the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) for [3H]In(1,4,5)P3 was significantly decreased in cerebella from mice which had been rendered tolerant-dependent to ethanol. KD values for these mice were unchanged when compared to control values. PMID- 3501056 TI - [Characteristics of the Neuron-O2 neurostimulator for independent use]. PMID- 3501057 TI - Application and limitations of differential hybridization in the isolation of T cell-specific cDNA clones. AB - We investigated the limitations and effectiveness of differential hybridization in the cloning of T cell-specific cDNA (complementary DNA) molecular clones. By using the technique with T cell and B cell cDNA probes, together with Northern blot analysis, we successfully isolated cDNA clones exclusively expressed in T cells from 1 X 10(4) plaque-forming units of a T cell hybridoma. These clones represent 0.068% of the mass of the cytoplasmic mRNA. Our result shows that differential hybridization is an effective procedure when used in combination with Northern blot analysis for screening of genes selectively expressed in T cells. PMID- 3501058 TI - Negatively charged nature of some viruses and toxins forms the basis for direct current therapy. PMID- 3501059 TI - Weight and overweight in a group of parliamentarians and senior public servants in New South Wales. AB - The health of 75 NSW State Government members of parliament and 192 senior public servants who have undergone routine health check-ups over the last seven years was assessed. It was found that 67% of members of parliament and 57% of senior public servants were overweight. Many overweight participants thought that their diets were average, their exercise and fitness adequate and that they were only a little overweight. Most thought their excess weight was not harmful. However, excess weight was found to be associated with other physiological variables including increased blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and urate levels. PMID- 3501061 TI - Prenatal screening for markers of hepatitis B in aboriginal mothers resident in non-metropolitan Western Australia. AB - Of 1947 Aboriginal women who resided in non-metropolitan regions of Western Australia and gave birth during January 1983 to February 1985, 42% of women were screened prenatally for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The proportions of Aboriginal women who were screened varied from 17% in the southern divisions to 72% in the Kimberley region. The screening programme identified 29 Aboriginal women with a positive result of the test. On this basis, the estimated prevalence of HBsAg among non-metropolitan Aboriginal women was 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 2.5%-5.1%). According to the geographical location of the mother's residence, the observed prevalence of HBsAg varied from 0 in the southern divisions to around 4%-5% in the central and eastern divisions. PMID- 3501060 TI - The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a young, sexually-active population. AB - A prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among 1000 sexually-active women at the Family Planning Association Clinic in Melbourne. This organism was isolated from the cervices of 5.1% of screened women. The women were surveyed about their sexual and gynaecological history, and symptoms of discharge or pain. It was found that women who gave positive results for the presence of Chlamydia were younger, and had commenced intercourse at an earlier age. Risk factors of multiple sexual partners, cervical ectopy and symptoms of urethritis were identified. We recommend that women who have more than one sexual partner should ask their partners to use condoms or, failing this, undergo annual screening for Chlamydia by immunofluorescent staining. PMID- 3501062 TI - The tyranny of technology. PMID- 3501063 TI - Vector implementation of Chang's attenuation correction method for single photon emission computed tomography. AB - A vector version of Chang's attenuation correction method for single photon emission computed tomography accommodating arbitrary convex body contours is presented and its implementation on a general purpose array processor described. For a constant linear attenuation coefficient mu = 0.10 cm-1 and contour shapes similar to those encountered in clinical work, correction factors calculated with the vector algorithm are the same to within a few percent as those obtained using the original Chang method. Typical execution speed of the new algorithm is 0.01 s/correction factor for a 64 point contour. PMID- 3501064 TI - Radiation absorbed dose to bladder walls from positron emitters in the bladder content. AB - A method to calculate absorbed doses at depths in the walls of a static spherical bladder from a positron emitter in the bladder content has been developed. The beta ray dose component is calculated for a spherical model by employing the solutions to the integration of Loevinger and Bochkarev point source functions over line segments and a line segment source array technique. The gamma ray dose is determined using the specific gamma ray constant. As an example, absorbed radiation doses to the bladder walls from F-18 in the bladder content are presented for static spherical bladder models having radii of 2.0 and 3.5 cm, respectively. Experiments with ultra-thin thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) were performed to verify the results of the calculations. Good agreement between TLD measurements and calculations was obtained. PMID- 3501065 TI - [Analgesic electrostimulation in dentistry]. PMID- 3501066 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass in patient with chronic renal failure]. AB - Aorto-coronary bypass surgery was performed successfully for an anuric patient who had been on hemodialysis three times a week for ten years because of chronic renal failure. Hemodialysis was performed up to twenty-four hours prior to the operation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was done using a bubble oxygenator primed with 2000 ml of homologous blood and 500 ml of osmotic diuretic and electrolytes. Peritoneal dialysis started immediately after the surgery followed by routine chronic hemodialysis from the 5th postoperative day. This patient recovered uneventfully and is now relieved from severe chest pain. PMID- 3501067 TI - [Cell-mediated immune responses of patients with gastro-intestinal cancer to allogenic tumor-associated antigens]. AB - Soluble tumor extract was prepared from cancer tissue of 172 patients with gastrointestinal cancer by the methods of hypertonic salt extraction (HSE) and 3M KCL salt extraction (3M-KCL). Lymphocyte proliferative (LP) response and skin test was assessed with these tumor extracts. The LP response of cancer patients could be induced on 4 day-incubation in 10 micrograms.protein/ml of the extracts. The allogenic tumor extract induced the LP response with a close correlation to an autologous extract (p less than 0.001). Both HSE and 3M-KCL extracts induced a positive LP response as well as delayed hypersensitivity of the skin in 20 to 30% with a good correlation (p less than 0.001). The clinical stage related closely to a responsibility of LP response and of skin test to the tumor extracts except in stage IV. Gel filtration with Sephadex G-200 revealed the 5th graduated fraction (M.W. less than 10,000) responsible for the activity of LP test. The LP cancer could be demonstrated by LP response and skin test with the tumor extract prepared by HSE and 3M-KCL methods. Thus, it was concluded that the LP response and skin test is a useful parameter of tumor-specific immune response. PMID- 3501068 TI - [Studies on immunological parameters in patients with gastric carcinoma--with special reference to analyses with monoclonal antibodies of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2]. AB - We have investigated the distributions of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 in peripheral blood of 62 patients with gastric carcinoma. The antibody (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKT4/8, Leu11, and Leu7) treated cells were analyzed on a Spectrum III automated flow cytometer. Interleukin-2 was measured by the tritium-labelled thymidine CTLL assay on the supernatants of peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients after 24 hours stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The number of OKT3, OKT4 cells and the ratio of OKT4/8 were decreased in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma compared with early gastric carcinoma. The numbers of Leu11 and Leu7 cells in patients with stage II and III were in higher levels than those with stage IV. Interleukin-2 production was depressed in patients in advanced stage compared with those of early stage. We concluded that the T-lymphocyte subsets and the interleukin-2 production were useful immunological parameters for gastric cancer patients. PMID- 3501069 TI - Hydroquinone inhibits bone marrow pre-B cell maturation in vitro. AB - Environmental exposure to benzene results in both myelotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Although benzene-induced immunotoxicity has been well documented, no studies to date have addressed the possibility that benzene toxicity is due in part to altered differentiation of marrow lymphoid cells. We investigated the effect of acute exposure to the benzene metabolite, hydroquinone, on murine bone marrow B-lymphopoiesis. Bone marrow cell suspensions from B6C3F1 (C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ) mice were depleted of mature surface IgM+ (sIgM+) B cells and cultured for 0, 24, 48, or 72 hr and production of newly formed B cells was assayed both by sIgM expression and colony formation in soft agar cultures. One hr exposure of bone marrow cells to hydroquinone before culture reduced the number of sIgM+ cells generated in liquid cultures. Small pre-B cells (cytoplasmic mu heavy chain+, sIgM-) were numerically elevated as compared with control cultures. Hydroquinone exposure also decreased the number of adherent cells found in cultures of bone marrow cells. These results suggest that short-term exposure to hydroquinone, an oxidative metabolite of benzene, may in some way block the final maturation stages of B cell differentiation. This apparent differentiation block resulted in reduced numbers of B cells generated in culture and a corresponding accumulation of pre-B cells. Reduction of adherent cells in treated cultures may also suggest that toxicity to regulatory cells for the B lineage may be in part responsible for this aspect of hydroquinone myelotoxicity. PMID- 3501070 TI - Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in a patient with P. carinii pneumonia and AIDS. PMID- 3501071 TI - HLA-A2 peptides can regulate cytolysis by human allogeneic T lymphocytes. AB - The class-I and class-II molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are homologous proteins which allow cytotoxic and helper T cells to recognize foreign antigens. Recent studies have shown that the form of the antigen recognized by T cells is generally not a native protein but rather a short peptide fragment and that class-II molecules specifically bind antigenic peptides. Furthermore, the three-dimensional structure of the human MHC class-I molecule, HLA-A2, is consistent with a peptide-binding function for MHC class-I molecules. An outstanding question concerns the molecular nature and involvement of MHC-bound peptides in antigens recognized by alloreactive T cells. In this study the effects of peptides derived from HLA-A2 on cytolysis of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells (TC) cells are presented. Peptides can inhibit lysis by binding to the T cell or sensitize to lysis by binding an HLA-A2-related class-I molecule (HLA-Aw69) on the target cell. Thus, allospecific TC cells can recognize HLA derived peptides in the context of the MHC. PMID- 3501072 TI - [Revascularization for simultaneous carotid and coronary ischemia]. AB - Some of the patients who suffer from cerebral ischemia may at the same time have coronary insufficiency. For such cases, not only extracranial-intracranial (EC IC) bypass but also cardiac revascularization is considered to be necessary. One stage surgery of both carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not infrequently been published. However, the combination of EC-IC bypass and CABG is rarely reported in the literature. The indication of EC-IC bypass and/or CABG for such patients above stated has been searched for. In fact, CABG runs the risk of aggravating cerebral ischemia and/or intracranial hemorrhage by inevitable hypotension, hypothermia and heparinization of a large amount, while EC-IC bypass may safely be carried out so long as cardiac conditions are carefully controlled during the operation. It is consequently presumed that the preliminary EC-IC bypass followed by CABG seems to be the method of choice for simultaneous carotid and coronary ischemia. Two cases underwent the staged revascularization, first for the brain and next for the heart, with a successful result are reported in the present paper. PMID- 3501073 TI - Functional analysis of interleukin-2 in immune surveillance against brain tumors. AB - We studied the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from patients with malignant brain tumors to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to respond to IL-2. The role of IL-2 in the generation of T cells cytotoxic against tumor cells was also studied. PBLs from the patients with malignant brain tumors tended to produce a level of IL-2 lower than that in normal controls because of the decreased number of IL-2-producing T cells. Phytohemagglutinin activated PBLs from normal controls and the patients, however, responded equally well to IL-2. This indicates that the expression of IL-2 receptors is abundant in PBLs of these patients, although IL-2 production may be depressed. Furthermore, after incubation with IL-2, PBLs from the patients with malignant glioma exhibited higher natural killer activity and strong cytotoxicity against glioma cells. This increased cytotoxicity was evident by Day 3 of culture in IL-2 and remained effective for at least 2 days. These observations of antitumor cytotoxicity make IL-2 a likely candidate for use in adoptive immunotherapy. PMID- 3501074 TI - Avulsion rupture of the internal auditory artery during operations in the cerebellopontine angle: a study in monkeys. AB - The effect of manipulations in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle on the cochlear nerve was studied in 12 rhesus monkeys to elucidate how surgical procedures in the CP angle may affect the peripheral auditory system. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials and compound action potentials from the cochlear nerve were recorded throughout the experiments and were studied to determine the level of injury to the cochlear nerve. After the manipulations, the animals were perfused with fixatives and their temporal bones were removed and examined histologically. The monkeys showed electrophysiological changes similar to those observed in humans as a result of surgical manipulations in the CP angle. Avulsions of the internal auditory artery and cochlear nerve fibers at the area cribrosa were the most common histological findings. The auditory evoked potentials were suddenly and irreversibly lost during the manipulations in 3 monkeys, and hemorrhagic foci were identified histologically in these animals at the fundus of the internal auditory canal (the area cribrosa). No morphological changes at locations other than the area cribrosa were identified in these 3 monkeys. The results of this study indicate that injury to the internal auditory artery at the area cribrosa may play an important role in the abrupt loss of hearing experienced by some patients while they are undergoing operations in the CP angle. This study also led to speculation regarding the possible existence of collateral circulation to the cochlea as a factor in injury to the internal auditory artery during acoustic neurinoma operations. PMID- 3501076 TI - [Multiple primary neoplasms. Clinico-immunological study]. PMID- 3501075 TI - Isolated histiocytosis X of the pituitary gland: case report. AB - The authors describe a case of a granuloma of histiocytosis X localized in the pituitary gland. The patient presented with diabetes insipidus and hyperprolactinemia. The diagnosis was established by surgical removal of the pituitary lesion through a transsphenoidal approach. The clinical and pathological aspects of the case are discussed. PMID- 3501077 TI - [Esophageal varices: therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 3501078 TI - Alterations of the muscarinic cholinergic (mACh) receptors in the striatum of the MPTP-induced parkinsonian model in mice: in vitro quantitative autoradiographical analysis. AB - The alteration of muscarinic cholinergic (mACh) receptors in the striatum of mice after administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was examined using a [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]QNB) in vitro labeling macro autoradiographic technique and mACh receptor concentration was quantitatively analyzed using a computer analysis system. Two weeks after cessation of MPTP administration, the striatal mACh receptors were significantly increased. In the subchronic phase, at 6 weeks, the striatal mACh receptors were significantly decreased but recovered to the normal level by the treatment with L dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) for two weeks before sacrifice. These findings indicated that the striatal mACh receptors are strongly regulated by the nigrostriatal dopaminergic function. PMID- 3501079 TI - MPTP metabolites inhibit rat brain glutathione S-transferases. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium species, metabolites of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, non competitively inhibit glutathione S-transferases of rat brain in vitro. The Ki values for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium bromide and 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium bromide are 0.67 and 0.3 mM, respectively. Inhibition of these enzymes may lead to impairment of cellular defense mechanisms. PMID- 3501080 TI - Inhibition of ATP synthesis by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in isolated mitochondria from mouse brains. AB - Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis was studied using isolated mitochondrial preparations from mouse brains. Oxidation of glutamate + malate in the mitochondria estimated by polarography was significantly inhibited by MPP+, and synthesis of ATP was inhibited to approximately 9% of that of control by 0.06 mM of MPP+. Oxidation of alpha-glycerophosphate and succinate was not inhibited, and ATP was synthesized normally. Energy crisis appears to be one of the most important mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced experimental parkinsonism. PMID- 3501081 TI - Accommodation of rat nigrostriatal dopamine neurones to high frequency electrical stimulation of the median forebrain bundle: in vivo voltammetric data. AB - The frequency response of nigrostriatal neurones to electrical stimulation of the median forebrain bundle was investigated in vivo using high-speed cyclic voltammetry to measure the evoked striatal dopamine overflow. It was found that the nerves could follow 25-50 Hz stimulation for at least 10 s, whereas the neurones were unable to respond to high frequencies (100-200 Hz) for more than 1 3 s. Accommodation, due to incomplete re-equilibration of ionic fluxes between successive stimuli, provides a possible explanation for these findings. PMID- 3501082 TI - Acute ultrastructural and behavioral effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. AB - Acute actions of MPTP on behavior and on neostriatal ultrastructure were examined in young C57 Black mice. Autonomic, motor, and toxic effects of MPTP exhibited dependence on dose (20-40 mg/kg) and time during the first 4 h after subcutaneous injection. The ultrastructure of the neostriatum was altered very quickly (2-24 h) after single injections of MPTP. Darkened glial processes were found within 2 8 h, followed by dark degeneration of synaptic boutons, especially those making small symmetric synapses. More rarely, swollen axons and postsynaptic degeneration were also observed. PMID- 3501083 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of cation concentrations in olfactory mucus. AB - Spectrophotometric techniques were used to determine the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the olfactory mucus of frogs. The mean concentrations in mEq/l were: [Na+], 52.7 +/- 4.1; [K+], 10.6 +/- 1.9 and [Ca2+], 10.7 +/- 1.7. Topical application of the odorant cineole was associated with statistically significant increases in [Na+] and [Ca2+]; the secretagogues methacholine and isoproterenol induced transient increases in [Na+]. Cineole and methacholine caused sustained increases in [Na+]/[K+] from the control value of 5:1, while isoproterenol caused a transient increase followed by a decline. The results indicate that the cation concentrations in olfactory mucus samples are more similar to those derived from secretory tissue than to those found in the extracellular fluids surrounding typical neural tissue. PMID- 3501084 TI - Comparison of 99Tcm complexes (NEP-DADT, ME-NEP-DADT and HMPAO) with 123IAMP for brain SPECT imaging in dogs. AB - Several new lipophilic 99Tcm complexes have recently been described as alternatives to N-isopropyl (123I) iodoamphetamine (123IAMP) for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (RCBF). In this study we have compared brain uptake and blood clearance of 99Tcm-N-ethylpiperidine-diamino dithiol (99Tcm-NEP DADT), its 4-methylated derivative (99Tcm-Me-NEP-DADT) and 99Tcm-hexamethyl-propylene amine-oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) with that of 123IAMP in two dogs. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) was employed to measure brain accumulation and retention of the four radiopharmaceuticals. Cerebral uptake of the 99Tcm complexes (0.8-1.1%) was lower than that of 123IAMP (1.6% of the injected dose). There was considerable extracerebral activity in the dog's head, especially in the olfactory and snout regions. Because of slow blood clearance 99Tcm-HMPAO showed high uptake in these regions. Brain uptake of 99Tcm-HMPAO reached a plateau 5 to 10 min after intravenous injection and remained constant for the entire study period (1 h). 99Tcm-NEP-DADT, on the other hand, showed significant clearance from the brain after reaching maximal uptake at 10 to 15 min after injection. However, brain imaging with these agents was possible during the first 20 min. The mechanism of brain uptake, as well as the relationship between brain uptake and RCBF need to be evaluated for each of the four radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 3501085 TI - [Indications for different methods in the surgical treatment of patients with lens dislocation]. PMID- 3501086 TI - [Indications and choice of method for removing a dislocated lens]. PMID- 3501087 TI - [Treatment results in traumatic and congenital lens subluxations in children using a lensectomy method]. PMID- 3501088 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with almost total lens dislocation into the vitreous body]. PMID- 3501089 TI - [Surgical treatment of combined iris injuries and lens dislocation]. PMID- 3501090 TI - A new surgical technique for managing sunset syndrome. AB - Although inferior subluxation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens following extracapsular cataract extraction (sunset syndrome) occurs infrequently, it is difficult to manage. We describe a new, relatively simple technique for managing subluxated posterior chamber intraocular lenses, in which the lens implant is "dialed" forward into the anterior chamber, bringing its haptics to rest in the chamber angle. PMID- 3501091 TI - Quantitative evaluation of ocular anti-inflammatory drugs based on measurements of corneal temperature in rabbits: dexamethasone and glycyrrhizin. AB - A method for the quantitative evaluation of topically applied anti-inflammatory agents is described. Conjunctival inflammation was induced in rabbits by topical instillation of n-butanol. The intensity of inflammation was determined by measuring changes of corneal surface temperature with an infrared thermometer. The closest correlation was obtained between corneal temperature change and the Draize score which is widely used as a subjective scoring method. Dexamethasone showed a good logarithmic dose-response inhibitory effect between 0.0001 and 0.1%, and glycyrrhizin the same at 0.25-5%. Glycyrrhizin in a 5% solution showed a comparable anti-inflammatory effect to that of dexamethasone (0.1%). The inflammation model induced by n-butanol was mediated, in part, by the degranulation of mast cells because of some inhibitory effect of disodium cromoglycate (2%), an inhibitor of mast cell degranulation, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (0.5%), an antihistaminic agent. PMID- 3501092 TI - Trilateral malignant lymphoma: primary malignant B-cell lymphoma of the eyes and brain. Diagnosis by transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy. AB - A 59-year-old woman with therapy-resistant bilateral involvement of posterior uvea and retina of some months' duration was examined. Diagnostic vitrectomy was inconclusive, but subsequent transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy gave ample material for the immunohistopathological diagnosis of a malignant B cell lymphoma. Despite systemic and intrathecal cytostatics and ocular X-ray therapy, central nervous system involvement was observed 2 months later. The ocular lesions regressed after treatment and have not recurred. PMID- 3501093 TI - Cerebral metabolism in chronic ocular ischemia. AB - Two patients with neovascular glaucoma presented an obstruction in the internal carotid artery and reverse flow of blood through the ophthalmic artery, a so called ophthalmic artery steal phenomenon, on digital subtraction angiography. To study the cerebral metabolic state maintained by this mechanism, the same patients underwent positron emission tomography. Both displayed decreased regional cerebral blood flow, reduced regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and for glucose and increased regional oxygen and glucose extraction ratios. In our patients with chronic ocular ischemia, the cerebral perfusion maintained by the ophthalmic artery steal phenomenon was in the critical state called misery perfusion. PMID- 3501094 TI - [Demonstration of protein loss by random determination of alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration in watery feces]. PMID- 3501095 TI - Acute respiratory tract infection prevalence, mortality and case management in the community in eleven villages of rural South Sumatra, Indonesia. PMID- 3501096 TI - Human trigeminal root evoked potentials during differential retrogasserian thermal and chemical rhizotomy. AB - Human trigeminal root evoked potentials have been recorded using signal averaging techniques during radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy and lidocaine blocks in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Both short and long latency trigeminal root potentials have been recorded which appear to represent fast- and slow-conducting fiber activity respectively. Long latency trigeminal root potentials appear in recordings at the noxious threshold as perceived by the awake patient and are relatively selectively abolished in a reversible fashion by lidocaine block and irreversibly by radiofrequency heat. Evaluation of these trigeminal root potentials provides an objective assessment of the results of pain surgery directed at differential destruction of slow-conducting fiber activity. PMID- 3501097 TI - Acute and chronic pain in hemophilia. AB - The present study compared acute vs. chronic pain in hemophiliac subjects who suffer both types of pain. Characteristics of the acute pain produced by a hemorrhage into a joint and the chronic arthritic pain that results from repeated bleeding episodes were assessed with the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analogue pain intensity scale. The results showed a high degree of similarity in the sensory, affective and evaluative properties of the two types of pain. The main difference between the acute and chronic pains was one of overall intensity, with the acute pain generally being described as more intense. A comparison of the arthritic pain in hemophilia with the pain of other arthritic disorders revealed no major differences. Sources of inter-individual variability were also explored and the results showed that the pain scores in hemophiliac subjects were largely unrelated to demographic and pain history variables. However, significant differences were observed in the way French- and English-speaking subjects described and rated their pain. Irrespective of the origin of their pain, French speaking subjects characteristically rated their pain as more intense and more affectively laden than the English group. These results demonstrate that ethnocultural factors associated with language affiliation may contribute to inter-individual variation in pain perception. PMID- 3501098 TI - Parasitological observations of Schistosoma bovis in normal and T-cell deprived mice. AB - A laboratory life-cycle of Schistosoma bovis was established in order to study the host-parasite relationship in immunologically intact and T-cell deprived mice. Normal mice were found to have 'self-cured' their S. bovis infections almost completely by 10 weeks after cercarial administration, and there was no evidence of self-cure by day 79 in T-cell deprived animals. Thus, groups of deprived mice autopsied between 9 and 11 weeks after infection were invariably found to have greater worm burdens and a greater total number of eggs in the liver than comparably-infected normal mice. However, liver egg counts/worm pair were similar in the two types of host, and differences between normal and deprived mice with respect to total S. bovis egg counts in the intestine were also not consistently in the same direction in all experiments. Faecal egg counts were always less in deprived mice than in normal mice, even in an experiment in which the deprived mice had a significantly higher intestinal tissue egg count than the normal control group. The results are discussed in relation to the better known S. mansoni/mouse host-parasite relationship. PMID- 3501099 TI - Diagnostic tests in pediatric rheumatology: application for nurses. PMID- 3501100 TI - Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in children with AIDS. AB - Between October, 1985 and May 1987, 29 children (mean age 22 +/- 22 months, range 2-54 months) with AIDS or ARC developed acute respiratory illness. The initial diagnostic procedure was flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). BAL was positive for Pneumocystis carinii in 14 and for respiratory syncytial virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in 3 additional patients. Subsequent lung tissue analysis and/or clinical course suggested no false negative lavages. Complications possibly related to the procedure occurred in two patients. We find BAL an effective diagnostic technique in these patients, offering a less invasive alternative to open lung biopsy. PMID- 3501101 TI - Haemophilus disease after rifampin prophylaxis. PMID- 3501102 TI - Treatment of acute otitis media. PMID- 3501103 TI - [Activity of various pancreatic enzymes in children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 3501104 TI - [Indices of the blood activity of lysosomal enzymes and of oxyproline excretion in children with rheumatism and chronic tonsillitis during sanatorium-health resort treatment]. PMID- 3501105 TI - [Oksidevit in the combined prevention of rickets in premature children]. PMID- 3501106 TI - [The effect of radiographic contrast media (ioxaglate) on the pressure-flow rate relation of erythrocyte suspension. A quantitative analysis from the perfusion of bullfrog's hind limbs]. PMID- 3501108 TI - Evidence for the presence in sera from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients of an activity that enhances the number of normal bone marrow-derived granulocyte/monocyte committed stem cell colonies. AB - In serum from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients an activity has been demonstrated, which recruits more CFU-GM (cells committed to granulocyte macrophage lineage) from normal human bone marrow into clonal proliferation as shown by standard agar colony forming assay, in the presence of supramaximal levels of colony stimulating activity. All sera from CML patients at diagnosis (before therapy) were tested and found to be significantly (P less than 0.001) positive for the recruitment activity. This observation led us to believe that younger or more pluripotent CFU-GM which were hitherto non-responsive to colony stimulating activity become responsive in the presence of CML sera. We investigated whether more pluripotent stem cells (CFUs) are stimulated to proliferate in the chronic phase of CML than at diagnosis (before therapy). An activity was detected which recruits more spleen colony forming cells (CFUs) from normal Swiss mouse bone marrow into the cell cycle as shown by a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the thymidine suicide index. However both these activities were either lowered or undetectable in normal (blood groups AB) serum. These results indicate that CML sera may contain enhanced levels of early growth factors which stimulate proliferation of pluripotent stem cells resulting in an increased CFU-GM pool in CML. It is suggested that this activity may be responsible for the myeloid hyperplasia associated with CML in the chronic phase. PMID- 3501107 TI - Immunoglobulin phenotype in 164 B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias: is there a relationship with initial clinical stage and survival? AB - In 164 B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) phenotype has been determined on lymphocytes from 158 patients (mean age = 66 years, sex ratio = 1.43) to examine the prognostic significance of cell marker phenotype. Correlation of clinical stages of the disease according to Rai and Binet and SmIg phenotype emphasized the absence of the SmIgG phenotype, suggesting more mature cells, at stage C according to Binet (11 of 13 being stage A) and at stage III or IV according to Rai. The majority of SmIg phenotypes was SmIgM +/- D. Survival curves according to SmIg heavy or light chain phenotypes did not emphasize a prognostic significance of cell marker phenotype. Peripheral lymphocytosis over 50,000/microliter correlated with a worse prognosis regardless of clinical staging and SmIg phenotype. PMID- 3501109 TI - The influence of N6-protecting groups on the acid-catalyzed depurination of 2' deoxyadenosine. AB - Kinetics for the acidic hydrolysis of several N6-substituted 2'-deoxyadenosines were studied in a wide pH-range. The proportions of the partial reactions proceeding via mono- and di-protonated substrates were estimated on the bases of the rate profiles obtained and the acidity constants determined spectrophotometrically for the monocations. The site of the initial protonation was established by the effects that trifluoroacetic acid exerted on the 15N NMR chemical shifts. The exceptional lability of the monocations of N6-acyl protected compounds is suggested to result from the preferred N7 protonation. PMID- 3501110 TI - [Evaluation of selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 3501111 TI - [Phenotyping of peripheral lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies in newborn infants and adults]. AB - The authors investigated and compared lymphocyte subsets natural killer in 33 newborns and in 33 healthy adults. From 5 ml of heparinized venous blood were separated mononuclear cells on density-gradient Ficoll-Hypaque. The vitality was determined with immunofluorescent method (orange acridine and ethiobromide). It was positive if resulted at least 95%. Lymphocyte phenotype was also examined after incubation with monoclonal antiserum Becton-Dickinson conjugated with FITC and PE for 45' at 4 degrees C. Two hundred cells were counted on each slide with fluorescent microscopy. Total number of T-lymphocyte (Leu-4) was increased in newborns; total B-cells (Leu-12) were similar in newborns and healthy adults; T helper/T-suppressor (Leu-3a/Leu-2a) ratio was above the normal range for increase T-helper. The percentage of subsets with double marker Leu-2a+/Leu-3a+ was always about 15-20%. NK cells with phenotype HNK-1 (Leu-7) were a little number in newborns while the percentage of NK-cells-Leu-11a was similar among adults and newborns. PMID- 3501112 TI - [Syndrome of ventricular overdrainage in children with fluid shunts]. AB - The authors emphasize the possible complications following the surgical operation by ventriculocaval or ventriculoperitoneal shunts in the neonatal hydrocephalus. These complications are mainly caused by the liquoral hyperdrenage which occurs for the differential pressure of the valve system, since this valve is operating by the differential pressure between cerebral ventricles and the receiving cavities and not by the absolute pressure existing in the ventricular cavity. The following late complications are examined: a) chronic subdural haematoma; b) slit ventricle syndrome. Their evolution often is deceitful and severe problems of differential diagnosis with others pathological infantile states arise. PMID- 3501113 TI - [T- and B lymphocytes in lipoid nephrosis and various nephrotic syndromes in children]. PMID- 3501114 TI - [Characteristics of tuberculosis in children from foci of tuberculous infection and from families where the parents are infected]. PMID- 3501115 TI - [Subpopulation composition and cytochemical activity of the blood T-lymphocytes in respiratory sarcoidosis patients]. PMID- 3501116 TI - [Reasons for problematical reactions to the Mantoux 2-TU test in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3501117 TI - [Bronchial changes in children and adolescents with primary tuberculosis]. PMID- 3501118 TI - Hopes and fears after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3501119 TI - Genetic types of alpha-1-antitrypsin in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. PMID- 3501120 TI - Effect of protein kinase P on phosphorylations catalyzed by the epidermal growth factor. AB - Protein kinase P (PK-P) activated by histones or certain other basic compounds has been purified previously from yeast [Yanagita, Y., Abdel-Ghany, M., Raden, D., Nelson, N. & Racker, E. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 925-929]. It is shown here that PK-P is present in solubilized membranes of A-431 carcinoma cells where it changes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase activity. Polylysine, a weak PK-P activator, inhibited the autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor both in the absence and presence of EGF. Increased PK-P activity induced by histone 1, a potent activator, gave rise to increased autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor as well as phosphorylation at tyrosine residues of numerous other endogenous membrane components. The stimulation by histone was particularly striking in the presence of EGF. A similar stimulation was achieved with polylysine and EGF on addition of yeast PK-P. However, addition of yeast PK-P in the presence of histone 1 markedly inhibited the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous membrane proteins. We conclude from these results that the effect of PK-P on the EGF receptor takes place in three phases: at low levels PK-P inhibits the autophosphorylation, at intermediate levels it stimulates the autophosphorylation as well as the EGF-dependent phosphorylation of numerous other membrane proteins, and at high levels it inhibits the phosphorylation of these proteins. PMID- 3501121 TI - Interleukin 6 enhancement of interleukin 3-dependent proliferation of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors. AB - Interleukin-6 (IL-6, also known as B-cell stimulatory factor 2/interferon beta 2) was previously shown to support the proliferation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors and indirectly support the formation of multilineage and blast cell colonies in cultures of spleen cells from normal mice. We report here that IL-3 and IL-6 act synergistically in support of the proliferation of murine multipotential progenitors in culture. The time course of total colony formation by spleen cells isolated from mice 4 days after injection of 5-fluorouracil (150 mg/kg) was significantly shortened in cultures containing both lymphokines relative to cultures supported by either of the two factors. Serial observations (mapping) of individual blast cell colonies in culture revealed that blast cell colonies emerged after random time intervals in the presence of IL-3. The average time of appearance in IL-6 alone was somewhat delayed, and in cultures containing both factors the appearance of multilineage blast cell colonies was significantly hastened relative to cultures grown in the presence of the individual lymphokines. In cultures of day-2 post-5-fluorouracil bone marrow cells, IL-6 failed to support colony formation; IL-3 alone supported the formation of a few granulocyte/macrophage colonies, but the combination of factors acted synergistically to yield multilineage and a variety of other types of colonies. In this system, IL-1 alpha also acted synergistically with IL-3, but the effect was smaller, and no multilineage colonies were seen. Together these results indicate that IL-3 and IL-6 act synergistically to support the proliferation of hemopoietic progenitors and that at least part of the effect results from a decrease in the G0 period of the individual stem cells. PMID- 3501122 TI - Structure and expression of the human and mouse T4 genes. AB - The T4 molecule may serve as a T-cell receptor recognizing molecules on the surface of specific target cells and also serves as the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. To define the mechanisms of interaction of T4 with the surface of antigen-presenting cells as well as with human immunodeficiency virus, we have further analyzed the sequence, structure, and expression of the human and mouse T4 genes. T4 consists of an extracellular segment comprised of a leader sequence followed by four tandem variable-joining (VJ)-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic segment. The structural domains of the T4 protein deduced from amino acid sequence are precisely reflected in the intron exon organization of the gene. Analysis of the expression of the T4 gene indicates that T4 RNA is expressed not only in T lymphocytes, but in B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. T4 is also expressed in a developmentally regulated manner in specific regions of the brain. It is, therefore, possible that T4 plays a more general role in mediating cell recognition events that are not restricted to the cellular immune response. PMID- 3501123 TI - Coaggregation of the T-cell receptor with CD4 and other T-cell surface molecules enhances T-cell activation. AB - The CD4 molecule, expressed by T cells restricted by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, is believed to play a role in T-cell activation. We have previously suggested that CD4 interacts with the T-cell receptor for antigen (TCR) and with class II MHC and that this dual interaction stabilizes the bond between the TCR and antigen in association with MHC. To investigate the contribution of CD4-TCR interaction, we have used the murine monoclonal anti-TCR V beta 8 antibody F23.1 to activate cloned T cells. Weak activation by soluble biotinylated F23.1 was markedly enhanced by crosslinking with either avidin or with anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). The monoclonal anti L3T4 antibody GK1.5, which normally inhibits the activation induced by F23.1, did not inhibit when GK1.5 and F23.1 were coaggregated on T cells by anti-Ig, and in many experiments activation was enhanced. Coaggregation of anti-Thy-1.2, anti-H 2Kk, or anti-LFA-1 with F23.1 also enhanced T-cell activation, although, unlike GK1.5, these antibodies in soluble form had no effect on the response to F23.1. These results are consistent with a model for T-cell activation that proposes a primary interaction between L3T4 and the TCR to stabilize TCR complexes and so to enhance T-cell activation. A related but less specific accessory role for other T cell surface molecules is also suggested. We propose that the cellular interaction that leads to physiological T-cell activation not only achieves TCR ligation but also promotes through their ligation or redistribution the interaction of other T-cell surface molecules, all of which contribute to the overall strength of the activation signal. PMID- 3501124 TI - Influence of submandibular salivary glands on hormone responsiveness of mouse mammary glands. AB - Surgical removal of the submandibular salivary glands (sialoadenectomy) of female Balb/c mice significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced mammary development as judged by development scores and mammae DNA levels. Reduction in mammae development score by sialoadenectomy was observed in both mice saline injected and mice treated with estradiol and progesterone. Autografts of submandibular salivary tissue or daily administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice partly alleviated the atrophy of the mammary gland induced by sialoadenectomy (P less than 0.05). The results of our studies are consistent with a model of mammary gland developmental regulation that includes the submandibular salivary gland as a mediator of mammogenesis via secretion of EGF. PMID- 3501126 TI - Surgical treatment for coronary arterial lesions in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3501125 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in Kawasaki syndrome. PMID- 3501127 TI - Early occlusion of saphenous vein grafts due to marked intimal proliferation in Kawasaki disease. PMID- 3501128 TI - T-cell subsets in Kawasaki syndrome. PMID- 3501129 TI - Comparison of 360 degrees and 180 degrees data collection in SPECT imaging. AB - The problem of using 360 degrees or 180 degrees data sampling techniques in transaxial SPECT imaging is still to be solved. A theoretical point source study for an ideal response detector has shown, for objects which are close enough to the origin of the reconstructed area, that there are significant differences between sections obtained by different sampling methods. A computer simulation study of line sources in a homogeneous attenuated medium has confirmed the results of clinical studies in which significant image distortion has been observed in 180 degrees sections but not in 360 degrees reconstructed images. PMID- 3501131 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the rat: diminution in the number of cells in the thymus and of lymphocytes in the blood. AB - In diabetic rats there is a rapid fall in the weight of the thymus with a great loss in the numbers of thymocytes. In this paper we show that there is also a marked diminution in the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, although the numbers of neutrophils and monocytes are not affected. Since the thymus is thought to be the site in which T-lymphocytes develop, it is suggested that the paucity of lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation reflects the loss of cells from the thymus. The diminution in the number of circulating lymphocytes in diabetes may account for the liability of diabetics to suffer severely from infections. PMID- 3501130 TI - Trazodone treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder--correlated with shifts in glucose metabolism in the caudate nuclei. AB - Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric illness that is difficult to treat. The effects of trazodone hydrochloride treatment were studied, both with and without the addition of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, in OCD patients. Changes in symptoms correlated with changes in local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (LCMRGlc), as measured by positron emission tomography and the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose method. All patients whose OCD responded favorably to drug treatment showed a relative increase in glucose metabolism in the heads of the caudate nuclei compared with the metabolic rate in the ipsilateral hemisphere as a whole (ratio LCMRGlc caudate/LCMRGlc hemisphere). Patients who did not respond to treatment did not show an increase in this ratio, and the difference between responders and nonresponders was significant (p less than 0.03). Changes in the ratio LCMRGlc caudate/LCMRGlc hemisphere correlated with changes on OCD and depression rating scales. PMID- 3501133 TI - [Production of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3501132 TI - [Contact interaction between thymocytes and macrophages following irradiation]. AB - The contact interaction between thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages during the cluster formation in vitro is substantially impaired 24 h following irradiation with lethal doses. A thymocyte is the most radiosensitive participant of the reaction. PMID- 3501134 TI - Study of the lymph flow of the cardia by endoscopic RI-lymphography with SPECT. AB - Endoscopic RI-lymphography was performed in 29 patients, with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) also performed in 19 of them. The lymph flow from the cardia was directly evaluated in lymphograms and compared with the RI uptake of each lymph node and the incidence of lymph node metastasis of previously resected carcinoma of the cardia in patients according to the location of the lymph node. Endoscopic RI-lymphography performed in combination with SPECT was considered to be highly useful for imaging lymph flow of the cardiac region. SPECT and RI-lymphography indicated rich lymph flow from the cardia to the periaortic region, and this finding was consistent with the incidence of lymph node metastasis according to the location of the lymph node in patients who had previously undergone resection of cancer of the cardia. Careful examination for metastasis to lymph nodes around the abdominal aorta was considered to be necessary, especially in patients with carcinoma of the cardia. PMID- 3501135 TI - [The evaluation of cardiac function and the effect of therapy in acute myocardial infarction--comparison by radio nuclide method in acute and chronic phase]. AB - The cardiac function and the effect of therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were assessed in over 100 patients by analysis of 201Tl scintigraphy and 99mTc-gated pool study in our ICU. The cardiac function and 201Tl-defect ratio were compared with the results obtained in chronic phase. Sixteen of them were treated with intravenous urokinase (UK) within 6 hours from onset. The other 18 patients without UK treatment served as a control group. Significant correlation was recognized between 201Tl-defect ratio and peak-CPK levels, peak-GOT levels, peak-LDH levels. Significant correlation (r = -0.655, r = -0.713) were found between 201Tl-defect ratio and LVEF in acute and chronic phase. The UK group showed a significant increase of LVEF as compared with the control group in patients with antero-septal (A/S) AMI. In inferior (INF) AMI, no significant differences were observed UK and control group in LVEF, RVEF and 201Tl-defect ratio. In chronic phase, improvements of LVEF and 201Tl-defect ratio were observed in patients with A/S AMI. But no significant differences of LVEF, RVEF and 201Tl-defect ratio were observed in A/S AMI in acute and chronic phase. The UK group showed a significant increase of LVEF (50.1%) as compared with the control group of A/S AMI in chronic phase. We have demonstrated that a combination of 201Tl-scintigraphy and 99mTc-gated pool study are useful techniques in ICU, to evaluate the cardiac function and the effect of thrombolysis therapy and thus greatly contribute to the primary care of AMI cases. PMID- 3501136 TI - [A cooperative group study of clinical efficacy of the liver SPECT]. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the liver SPECT about detectability of SOLs (space occupying lesion). The images were interpreted with the planar scintigram (PS) only and combination of PS and SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) by 11 physicians. Changes of false positive and false negative rate were calculated to evaluate the influence of the diffuse parenchymal liver disease and the localization of the SOLs. Addition of SPECT to PS in the cases who are suspected SOLs is effective in right hepatic lobe (right anterior and posterior segment) to detect the SOLs, but not effective in left lateral segment. Addition of SPECT to PS in the cases with diffuse parenchymal liver disease and SOLs increases the false positive rate. PMID- 3501137 TI - [Myelodysplastic syndromes]. PMID- 3501138 TI - [Value of the detection of circulating immune complexes in acute diffuse poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 3501139 TI - [High frequency jet ventilation in experimental bronchopleural fistula: gas exchange]. PMID- 3501140 TI - [Myelodysplastic syndromes: clinical, hematological and histopathological evaluation of the bone marrow in 23 cases]. PMID- 3501142 TI - [Prognostic evaluation of patients with cancer of the bladder by detection of ABH surface antigens]. PMID- 3501141 TI - [Treatment of stenosing duodenal ulcer by proximal gastric vagotomy associated with duodenoplasty. Report of 30 cases]. PMID- 3501143 TI - [Reactive hypoglycemia: a clinical rarity]. PMID- 3501144 TI - [T-cell leukemia and lymphoma]. PMID- 3501145 TI - [Multiple exostoses]. PMID- 3501146 TI - An interpretation of dental innervation based upon the pattern of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive thin sensory axons. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a recently characterized neuroactive substance that is expressed in a large proportion of small- to medium-diameter sensory ganglion neurons whose central terminals lie in the superficial spinal and medullary dorsal horn. This restricted distribution within the peripheral nervous system suggests a prominent role for the peptide in nociceptive processing. The mammalian tooth pulp, which receives a relatively homogeneous afferent input from thin (putative nociceptive) fibers originating from this subpopulation of trigeminal ganglion cells, thus affords an ideal target zone in which to examine peripheral nociceptive mechanisms. The large percentage of these neurons displaying CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) furthermore provides a valuable tool to study its thin-fiber afferent innervation. CGRP-LI has been localized within intact, decalcified specimens of rat, cat, monkey, and human teeth and associated dental structures. A remarkably robust CGRP-LI innervation of molar pulp and dentin was revealed in all species, with fibers coursing both in fascicles and individually, in variable relation to blood vessels and pulpal stroma. Our methods enabled tracing of a large number of axons through Raschkow's plexus and odontoblast layer into dentinal tubules. Paralleling anterograde axonal transport studies, a greater share of fibers was found in coronal vis-a vis radicular dentin. In the rat, this fiber pattern stood in contrast both to incisor dentin, which appeared devoid of CGRP-LI, and to the abundant labeled axons in gingiva and periodontal tissues. Surgical deafferentation of rat mandible resulted in widespread depletion of CGRP-LI, while superior cervical ganglionectomy was without effect, confirming the sensory nature of the CGRP-LI fibers. Neonatal capsaicin treatment greatly attenuated the immunostaining, providing evidence for CGRP-LI localization in chemosensitive unmyelinated afferents. The great density of CGRP-LI axons demonstrated is considered in contrast to the restricted range and extent of sensory stimuli to which teeth are presumably subjected, and in relation to the diverse ongoing trophic, regulatory, and reparative processes in tooth structures. It is therefore suggested that these fibers may be subserving prominent efferent roles in dental pulp not directly related to nociception. PMID- 3501147 TI - [Contemporary brain tumor diagnosis]. PMID- 3501148 TI - [Thromboembolic complications in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3501149 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of severe and hereditary immunologic deficiencies]. PMID- 3501150 TI - Humoral and cellular immunity in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - There is ever increasing evidence that immune disturbances can play an essential role in the pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. However, there are still a great many controversial opinions and complex studies in this domain are few. Tests of lymphocyte blastic transformation and of leukocyte migration inhibition as well as E and EAC rosette tests were performed and the serum level of A, G and M immunoglobulins and complement were estimated in 13 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The increase of serum IgA, IgG and IgM and the decrease of early and delayed E rosette formation was observed in the patients as compared with the control group. The patients also presented increase spontaneous and PHA induced lymphocyte blastic transformation. The results support the hypothesis of the role played by immune disturbances in the pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 3501151 TI - [Value of synovectomy under arthroscopy in the treatment of persistent synovitis in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. AB - Twelve patients suffering from an inflammatory rheumatic disorder with chronic synovitis of the knee joint were treated by synovectomy using a pneumatic chondrotome under arthroscopic control in combination with abundant articular lavage. All patients had been treated with one or several chemical or radioisotopic synovial instillations followed by failure of treatment or a rapid recurrence of synovitis. Eight patients had a rapid and good or very good therapeutic result with regression of synovitis and of pain during the first month after the synovectomy. This result appears to be maintained more than one year later in the case of the first patients treated. Four patients had a manifest but incomplete improvement. Postoperative follow-up was unremarkable, hospitalization period was short, and no physical rehabilitation was necessary. However, one patient developed stiffness of the knee joint which required its movement under general anesthesia. Arthroscopy with synovectomy and articular lavage appear to offer an interesting therapeutic resolution in case of chronic synovitis unresponsive to medical measures, both locally and systemically administered. Short-term results appear better than those obtained with conventional surgical synovectomy and postoperative follow-up is much simpler. PMID- 3501152 TI - [Algodystrophy of the knee and scanography]. PMID- 3501153 TI - Are the focal microscopic jejunal lesions in Crohn's disease produced by a T-cell mediated immune response? AB - In animal models of intestinal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte-mediated damage to the small-bowel mucosa produces a characteristic pattern of morphologic abnormalities. Similar findings in human jejunal biopsy specimens may also indicate that T cells are involved in a disease process. To test the hypothesis that there is a generalized activation of mucosal T cells throughout the small intestinal mucosa in Crohn's disease, measurements of the lengths of crypts and villi and intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were made on jejunal specimens from 33 patients with this condition, and the results compared with the established reference values and with results of specimen measurements in a group of normal subjects. Taken as a group, the specimens from Crohn's patients had abnormal villus length, crypt length, and IEL counts. Focal histologic abnormalities such as ulcers, fissures, or granulomas were present in 10 of the specimens. When specimens with and without a focal abnormality were compared, the former showed shorter villi (median, 249.6 versus 331 microns, p less than 0.01), longer crypts (median, 330.4 versus 108.2 microns, p less than 0.01) and higher IEL counts (60.5 versus 32 IEL/100 enterocytes, p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that there is a mucosal cell-mediated immune response in the jejunum in Crohn's disease and that this is pronounced in the vicinity of microscopic, focal lesions. PMID- 3501154 TI - Successful treatment of esophageal dysmotility and Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis and achalasia by transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Increase in plasma VIP concentration. AB - Dysphagia has been successfully treated by low-frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) in two patients with achalasia and in six patients with systemic sclerosis. A 30- to 45-min stimulation session was followed by augmentation of peristalsis in the lower half of the esophagus and relaxation of the gastroesophageal sphincter, with relief of dysphagia. The sclerotic patients were also relieved of invaliding Raynaud's phenomenon. One 30-min daily stimulation session, and later one session every 2nd or 3rd day, was sufficient to prevent relapse. After months or years of TNS treatment the stimulation could in three patients be withdrawn with no recurrence. A stimulation session produced about 30% increase in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptides. Activation of this neuromodulator is considered to be the cause of the beneficial effects on dysphagia and Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 3501155 TI - Recent advancement in non-operative management in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Copenhagen, Denmark, 26 and 27 September 1985. PMID- 3501156 TI - Tranexamic acid in gastric and duodenal bleeding. AB - In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study the effect of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid was compared with that of placebo in 154 patients bleeding from verified benign lesions in the stomach and/or duodenum. Three out of 72 patients receiving tranexamic acid underwent emergency surgery, in contrast to 15 out of 82 in the placebo group (p = 0.010). Nineteen patients receiving placebo rebled during admission, as compared with 10 in the treatment group (p = 0.097). The blood transfusion requirement was significantly reduced by tranexamic acid (p = 0.018). Side effects were seen in six patients, of which an uncomplicated deep venous thrombosis was the most severe. It was concluded that tranexamic acid reduces the blood transfusion requirement and the need for emergency surgery in patients bleeding from a benign gastric or duodenal lesion. PMID- 3501157 TI - Intrathymic tolerance induction: determination of tolerance to class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in maturing T lymphocytes by a bone marrow derived non-lymphoid thymus cell. AB - Two new experimental approaches were established to analyse the influence of the thymus on tolerance induction to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens: The aim of the first experiment was to perform successful transplantation of adult allogeneic thymus tissue into nude mice, an attempt that has been unsuccessful in the past. Tolerance for the MHC genotype of a prospective thymus graft recipient (A) was induced in mice of strain B by injection of (A X B) splenocytes during the neonatal period. Adult thymic tissue obtained from these allogeneic donors (B) were grafted into the nude mice of strain A. The allogeneic thymus was accepted by the nude mice and immunoreconstitution was achieved. Subsequently the recipients developed tolerance to the MHC antigens of the allogeneic thymus donor as proved by mixed lymphocyte cultures and the acceptance of skin grafts. The second experiment was designed to determine which Ia-positive thymic compartment participates in conferring tolerance to MHC antigens in maturing T lymphocytes. Chimaeric thymus grafts were created by transplantation of neonatal thymus (A) into allogeneic nude mice (B) for a period of 8 weeks. The graft was populated with host bone marrow-derived Ia antigen-positive cells. The chimaeric thymuses consisting of type A epithelium but populated with both type A and B lymphocytes and non-lymphoid cells (i.e. Ia-positive macrophages and dendritic cells), were newly transplanted into nude mice of strain A. The engraftment lead to immunological reconstitution and the nude mice acquired tolerance to the MHC antigens expressed by the allogeneic Ia-positive cells populating the chimaeric graft. Irradiation of the chimaeric thymus prior to transplantation allowed transplantation of chimaeric thymus devoid of living thymocytes but still populated with functionally intact Ia-positive non-lymphoid cells. Transplantation of irradiated chimaeric thymuses resulted in immunoreconstitution and induced exactly the same allotolerance pattern as described above. The results demonstrate that not thymus epithelial cells but a bone-marrow-derived non-lymphoid thymus cell, most likely the Ia-antigen-positive thymic macrophage of dendritic cell, is responsible for the induction of tolerance to MHC antigens in developing T lymphocytes. PMID- 3501159 TI - Abstracts: First Scandinavian Conference for Allied Health Professionals in Rheumatology. Bergen, 10-13 December 1987. PMID- 3501158 TI - Production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with beta-1,3-D-glucan derivatized plastic beads. AB - Fluorescein-labelled plastic microbeads, with or without covalently attached beta 1,3-D-glucan, were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. Peritoneal cells were subsequently analysed by flow cytometry according to fluorescence and light scatter and separated into fluorescence positive and negative cells. We report that cells from animals treated with glucan-plastic beads produced large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) whether the cells actually contained beads or not. On the other hand, cells from animals treated with glucan-plastic beads produced less thymocyte-stimulatory activity--presumably corresponding to interleukin 1 (IL-1)--than cells from control animals treated with commercial latex beads. However, when indomethacin was added, either in vivo or in vitro, cells from animals treated with glucan-plastic beads produced more thymocyte-stimulatory activity than controls. We interpret this to mean that glucan-plastic beads stimulate both IL-1 and PGE2, but that under circumstances where the cellular cyclo-oxygenase is not inhibited, the PGE2 will block IL-1 production. PMID- 3501160 TI - HLA DR4 and B27 antigens in familial and sporadic rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied HLA antigens in 105 unrelated American Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 70 of them with familial disease. HLA-DR4 was observed in 71% of familial RA, 63% of non-familial RA, and 27% of normal controls, confirming the already well-established association between HLA-DR4 and both familial and non-familial RA. HLA-B27 was present in 14.3% of patients, versus 8% of normal controls (p = 0.04), and was not more common in familial (10 of 70, or 14.3%) versus non-familial (5 of 35, or 14.3%) disease. These results are compared with those observed in Scandinavian patients. PMID- 3501161 TI - Sensitive ELISA measurement of IgA, IgG and IgM antiglobulins in rheumatic and other diseases and a comparison of their specificity in rheumatoid arthritis and infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 3501162 TI - [Dipyridamole and low-dose aspirin in patients with aortocoronary bypass- comparison with anticoagulation]. AB - The effects of antiplatelet therapy (AP; dipyridamole 400 mg [beginning 2 days preoperatively] + aspirin 50 mg/day) and anticoagulation (AC) were compared prospectively in 251 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Two weeks postoperatively, 85.2% of AP and 81% of AC patients had all grafts patent with graft patency rates of 93.6% and 91.3% respectively (p = n.s.) Significant differences in favour of AP therapy were found in subgroups with multiple grafts and with low intraoperative graft flow. Up to 3 months postoperatively, severe complications occurred in 22 AC patients (11 bleedings) but only in 9 patients on AP therapy (p less than 0.01). Overall, AP therapy should therefore be preferred to AC in patients with CABG surgery. PMID- 3501163 TI - [Polyclonal B cell activation in infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. AB - 87 patients with anti-HIV antibodies were divided into three groups based on the classification of the Centers for Disease Control and the following parameters reflecting polyclonal B cell activation were evaluated in these patients: immunoglobulin levels, circulating immune complexes and occurrence of autoantibodies. The results reported here indicate that intense polyclonal B cell activation occurs in both asymptomatic (CDC 2) and symptomatic patients (CDC 3 and CDC 4). Moreover, serological abnormalities were detected with similar frequency in the three groups studied. PMID- 3501164 TI - [Is the Raji cell test suitable as a marker of systemic lupus erythematosus activity? A case report]. AB - To determine the clinical significance of the Raji cell radioimmunoassay as a laboratory marker of activity, four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were followed for a period of 30 to 90 months. These sequential analyses did not show a correlation between circulating immune complexes, determined by Raji cell radioimmunoassay, and signs and symptoms in these lupus patients over a period of several years. We believe that the Raji cell test offers no advantage over other well known immunologic parameters used in SLE (antibodies to native DNA, complement factors C3 and C4 or CH50). In the management of SLE patients, laboratory data should not serve as a key by which to adjust treatment with prednisone or immunosuppressive drugs; clinical data are of outstanding importance in this respect. PMID- 3501165 TI - [Isotope methods in neurology]. PMID- 3501166 TI - [T- and B lymphocytes and nonspecific defense factors in subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 3501167 TI - [Effect of hemosorption on immunological indicators in peritonitis]. PMID- 3501168 TI - Propofol or methohexitone for induction of anaesthesia for minor gynaecological procedures. AB - A new anaesthetic induction agent, propofol (Diprivan; Stuart), was used to induce anaesthesia in 16 healthy patients scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery. The findings were then compared with those in a subsequent group of 16 patients who received methohexitone for induction of anaesthesia. Halothane was used to maintain anaesthesia in all cases. Quality of induction, side-effects, cardiovascular indices, wake-up times and presence or absence of recall were recorded. Propofol caused fewer side-effects on induction and emergence and less change in heart rate than methohexitone, and patients were more clear-headed on awakening. Our findings indicate that propofol is a promising agent for induction of anaesthesia for day-case surgery. PMID- 3501169 TI - Multiple pulmonary cavities--an unusual complication of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Cavitation is a most unusual radiological feature of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Autopsy evidence of cavities in PCP is poorly documented. We describe a case of fatal PCP occurring in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome; the PCP was associated with radiological as well as autopsy evidence of large intrapulmonary cavities. These cavities are ascribed to Pneumocystis carinii infection, since other possible causes were excluded. PMID- 3501170 TI - [Treatment of fever in children]. PMID- 3501171 TI - [Prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease, risk factors and rheologic profile: results of a preliminary examination in the Aachen study]. PMID- 3501172 TI - Periodontal status in relation to education and dental attendance. A 12 year longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of a random sample of dentate middle aged women in Gothenburg. AB - The periodontal status of samples from an urban population of women aged 38-60 years was studied in a longitudinal (1968-1980) and a cross-sectional investigation. The variables studied were the number of remaining teeth and the proximal alveolar bone height assessed by measurements on panoramic radiographs. Periodontal status was related to educational level and time elapsed since the last visit to a dentist. Longitudinal study: About 65 per cent of the women had no higher education than elementary school. In all age-groups, women with the lowest educational level had significantly fewer remaining teeth than those in higher educational groups. During the 12-year observation period 1.7-2.0 teeth were lost on an average, irrespective of educational level. There were no differences of mean bone height between the educational groups either in 1968 or in 1980. However, in the two lowest groups about 3 per cent, compared to 4 per cent of the women with a higher educational level exhibited periodontal breakdown corresponding to approximately one fourth of the total root length. Sixty-nine per cent of the women had visited their dentists within the last year and 17 per cent had done so more than two years ago. In all age groups in educational group 1 the most recent visitors had more remaining teeth and had on average lost fewer teeth during the 12-year period than the others (1.7 compared to 2.3-2.6 teeth). The mean bone levels were significantly higher, both in 1968 and in 1980, and the percentages of women showing pronounced breakdown of alveolar bone during the observation period was significantly lower among the most recent visitors. Cross sectional study: The investigation included two cohorts, one comprising 38-year old and the other 50-year-old women. Sixty-seven per cent of the women in the 38 year, cohort from 1968 had only completed elementary school, compared to 34 per cent of the women of the same age in 1980. No such difference was found in the 50 year in cohorts, of which 66 per cent both in 1968 and in 1980 had only elementary school education. The women in both had significantly more remaining teeth and more periodontal bone support in 1980 than those in the same age-groups in 1968. PMID- 3501173 TI - Partial purification and characterization of extrinsic pathway inhibitor (the factor Xa-dependent plasma inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor). AB - We report a procedure to purify partially from plasma (approximately 1200 fold) the factor Xa-dependent inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor (i.e., the extrinsic pathway inhibitor or EPI) and describe some of its properties. An assay for EPI was developed based upon inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor induced release of activation peptide from tritiated factor IX by a test sample in the presence but not in the absence of factor Xa. Approximately 50% of the total EPI activity in plasma was found in the lipoprotein fraction, which was used as the starting material for purification. Total lipoproteins (isolated by density ultracentrifugation) were delipidated and the urea soluble apoproteins gel filtered on Sephacryl S-200. The inhibitory activity co-eluted with the major protein peak, which primarily contained apoprotein A-I. Inhibitory activity was separated from apoprotein A-I by anion-exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and was further resolved from higher and lower molecular weight contaminating proteins by polypreparative disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% SDS. Functional inhibitory activity eluted from the polypreparative disc gel in two discrete pools of different molecular weights (approximately 34,000 and approximately 43,000 D). Apoprotein E was identified by immunological techniques as the major protein present in both of these pools. However, incubation with a monospecific polyclonal antibody to human apoprotein E did not decrease EPI activity either in plasma or in the partially purified polypreparative disc gel fractions. A rabbit antiserum was prepared against material from the polypreparative disc gel. The IgG fraction neutralized approximately 95% of the total inhibitory activity present in plasma. Therefore, EPI in the lipoprotein fraction and in the non-lipoprotein fraction of plasma appears to be antigenically similar. PMID- 3501174 TI - Determination of main inhibitor of activated factor XI. AB - To study the contribution of alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) and antithrombin III (AT III) to the inactivation of F.XIa in plasma, we developed the assay system of F.XIa-AT III complex according to our method of F.XIa-alpha 1AT complex, and measured the levels of both complexes in the patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) derived from various triggers. F.XIa-alpha 1AT complex level was always higher than F.XIa-AT III complex level in each patient, independently on the trigger of DIC, the administration of heparin and the levels of F.XI, alpha 1AT and AT III. These results indicate that alpha 1AT is the main inhibitor of F.XIa in plasma. PMID- 3501175 TI - Interaction of trypsin, beta-factor XIIa, and plasma kallikrein with a trypsin inhibitor isolated from barley seeds: a comparison with the corn inhibitor of activated Hageman factor. AB - A trypsin inhibitor was purified from barley seeds by a modification of published procedures. We determined the dissociation constant, Ki, for the complexes of the barley inhibitor with trypsin, beta-Factor XIIa, and plasma kallikrein. We compared these constants for those of the same enzymes with the corn Hageman Factor inhibitor, which is a homolog of the barley inhibitor. The strength of interaction of the barley inhibitor with the three enzymes was: trypsin greater than beta-Factor XIIa greater than plasma kallikrein. In contrast, the corn inhibitor inhibits beta-Factor XIIa most strongly and does not inhibit plasma kallikrein at all. A possible structural basis for the difference in inhibition specificity is discussed. PMID- 3501176 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 3501177 TI - Patient care information systems in a diversified environment. PMID- 3501178 TI - [Individual choice of immunomodulating preparations for periodontitis patients]. PMID- 3501179 TI - States' public welfare expenditures as predictors of state suicide rates. AB - This exploratory multiple-regression study took its cue from social integration theory to examine the relative importance of state per capita expenditures for public welfare in predicting state suicide rates when controlling for the effects of state divorce rates, state population change rates, and the percentage of persons with annual incomes between $10,000 and $19,999. While the four variables together accounted for .73 of the explained variance in state suicide rates, the effects of state per capita expenditures for public welfare were not very important when those of the other variables were taken into account. This, however, does not mean that state per capita expenditures for public welfare are inconsequential with respect to state suicide rates, inasmuch as they were inversely related to each of the other three independent variables, each of which was positively related to state suicide rates. This means that state per capita expenditures are indirectly related to suicide--in a negative direction. The implications of the findings for policy and suicide prevention are briefly discussed. PMID- 3501180 TI - Improving the validity and reliability of medical-legal certifications of suicide. AB - On a very basic level, those who study suicide are either explicitly or implicitly concerned with the certification of suicide deaths by coroners and medical examiners. Although many authors have questioned the reliability and validity of officially reported rates, these statistics continue to be quoted as fact--a potentially problematic practice for researchers who seek accurate and true causative factors for suicidal behavior. In relation to this topic, this article provides an overview of the existing vital statistics registry system and describes and proposes innovations that could ultimately improve the quality of officially reported suicide statistics. PMID- 3501181 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for measurement of pentamidine in plasma and its application in an immunosuppressed patient with renal dysfunction. AB - A rapid method for the quantitation of pentamidine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Pentamidine was extracted from plasma using a mixed solvent of 40% acetonitrile in chloroform. Reversed-phase chromatography was then performed on a mu Bondapak C-18 column, using a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% H3PO4 and 0.1% NaCl (20:80) and the eluting peaks detected by their UV absorbance at 262 nm. The assay had a within-day coefficient of variation of less than 3.8%, an absolute recovery of 92%, and a limit of detection of 15 nmol/L. The method was applied during pentamidine mesylate treatment (4 mg/kg/day) for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunosuppressed patient with impaired renal function. Plasma levels rose slowly to a plateau (range 530-880 nmol/L) after 7 days of treatment, suggesting a half-life of around 1.5-2 days. PMID- 3501182 TI - Biochemical characterization and immunomodulatory action of thymic components as determined by flow cytometry on human lymphocytes. AB - A commercial preparation from calf thymus was separated into its components, then chemically characterized and tested for immunomodulatory efficiency. For the latter, a novel in vitro test system is described as a relatively simple screening procedure. It employs whole blood cultures and flow cytometry with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies defining human T-cell subsets. As a reference substance, thymosin fraction 5 was used. It could be shown that the effects of the entire thymic preparation as well as of one of its peptidic components resembled closely the ones obtained with thymosin fraction 5. In several cases, i.e. with donors relatively deficient in suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, the effect of the former was even superior to that of thymosin fraction 5. PMID- 3501183 TI - Thymic stromal cells produce inhibitors of proliferation of thymic, but not splenic T cells. AB - Thymic stromal cells from newborn, 2 wk, 2 and 5 mo old BALB/c mice, which are adherent to plastic surface, were cultured in vitro for 3 weeks. The supernatants collected twice weekly were pooled and assessed for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of indicator cells stimulated with crude interleukin(IL)-2. The indicator cells were peanut agglutinin (PNA)+ and PNA- thymic T cells, splenic T cells, splenic T blast cells and cytolytic T lymphocytes line 2 (CTLL-2) cells, and they were all stimulated with crude IL-2 to proliferate. Supernatants from splenic and bone marrow stromal cells from 2 mo old BALB/c mice were cultured and were tested in a similar manner. The following results were obtained: (1) Supernatants of thymic stromal cells inhibited the proliferation of PNA+ and PNA- thymic T cells but not that of splenic T cells, splenic T blast cells and CTLL-2 cells; (2) The supernatants of splenic and bone marrow stromal cells had no inhibitory activity against PNA- thymic T cells stimulated with crude IL-2; (3) The gel elution patterns of nondialyzable inhibitory factors produced by thymic stromal cells of 2 and 5 mo old mice were polydispersed, in contrast to those produced by thymic stromal cells of newborn and 2 wk old mice; (4) Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography resolved the inhibitory factors produced by thymic stromal cells of 5 mo old mice into 3 peaks, and the major peak was estimated to be molecular weight (Mr) 68,000 based on Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration analysis; (5) This fraction was relatively heat stable; it inhibited the proliferation of crude IL-2 stimulated PNA- thymic T cells in apparently a nonstoichiometric manner; and bovine serum albulmin (BSA), which is present in the fraction, and interferon, which could be present in the fraction, had no inhibitory activity. PMID- 3501184 TI - The thymus reconstituted nude rat: lymphocyte subpopulations and immunological characteristics. AB - The monoclonal antibodies OX6, OX19, W3/13, OX7, OX8, and W3/25 were used to gain information about the distribution of different lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral lymphoid organs of neonatally isogeneic and allogeneic thymus reconstituted nude rats. Splenic mitogen responsiveness, xenogeneic skin rejection, and antibody titers were also measured in the same groups of animals. The experiments showed that both allogeneic and isogeneic thymus grafting cause a significant amplification of cells in the different T lymphocyte subpopulations. The functional tests, however, indicate that the T cell response is far better following isografting. We, therefore, conclude that isogeneic thymus grafting is an easy method of reconstituting the nude rat immunologically. PMID- 3501185 TI - c-myc gene expression and activation of human thymocytes. AB - The relationship between c-myc expression and thymocyte activation was studied in freshly isolated human thymocytes and in thymocytes activated with various inducing agents. In freshly isolated thymocytes c-myc mRNA is expressed at low levels, while thymocytes activated with Concanavalin A (Con A), the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), Con A in combination with TPA or interleukin 2 (IL-2) are induced to express higher levels of c-myc mRNA. The expression of c-myc is increased within 3 h of stimulation with these inducing agents; the amount of c-myc mRNA which is accumulated is not correlated with the rate of thymocyte proliferation. Dexamethasone and Cyclosporin A (CsA) which inhibit early events of T cell activation and the expression of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) genes also markedly suppress the expression of c-myc mRNA in Con A, and Con A + TPA-activated thymocytes. We conclude that activation of c-myc gene expression is an early event observed in activated human thymocytes. The level of c-myc expression is dependent on the mode of thymocyte activation rather than on the rate of thymocyte proliferation. Since freshly isolated thymocytes express low levels of c-myc mRNA it is possible that IL-2 induces c-myc expression at least in a responsive subpopulation of thymocytes during ontogeny. PMID- 3501186 TI - Interleukin-2 and coculture with thymic epithelial cells synergistically induce prothymocyte differentiation and proliferation. AB - T cell precursors or prothymocytes present in the spleen and bone marrow of mice lack the differentiation antigens found on mature thymocytes. Incubation of prothymocytes with the hormone products of thymic epithelial cells can trigger induction of antigens like Thy 1.2. We have recently found that interleukin-2 will also induce Thy 1.2. We have found that a 4 day incubation of prothymocytes (derived from the spleens of nu/nu mice) with natural and recombinant interleukin 2 in the presence of human thymic epithelial cells results in their synergistic effect on prothymocyte differentiation as measured by Thy 1.2 induction using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). This coculture condition also caused a synergistic enhancement of proliferation of the prothymocytes and the appearance of a population of large lymphoblasts. Analysis of the presence of Thy 1.2 surface antigen indicated that induction of this surface antigen occurs on both medium sized and large lymphoblast populations. Under these conditions induction of Ly 2 surface antigen was not detected and prothymocytes at the end of the coculture did not manifest IL-1 or mitogen responsiveness. Incubation of prothymocytes in the presence of thymic epithelial cells alone resulted in a lesser degree of Thy 1.2 induction and proliferation and in the consistent induction of low levels of interleukin-2 (0.5-1 unit/ml). Thymosin fraction V did not have a synergistic effect with IL-2 on the cell proliferation. The enhanced response of prothymocytes to IL-2 in the presence of thymic epithelial cells presumably results from the enhanced induction of IL-2 receptors and/or responsiveness. The observation offers further support for a role of interleukin 2 in the regulation of T cell ontogeny. PMID- 3501188 TI - In vitro effects of antithymocyte globulin and OKT3 on the microtubular skeleton of human lymphocytes. PMID- 3501189 TI - Isohemagglutinins and preformed natural antibodies in xenogeneic organ transplantation. PMID- 3501187 TI - Rationale for the selection of ricin A-chain anti-T immunotoxins for mature T cell depletion. AB - A series of 25 different ricin A-chain immunotoxins (IT) were prepared with monoclonal antibodies reacting with several T cell antigens belonging to different clusters of differentiation (CD) to select the most appropriate immunotoxins (IT) for mature T cell depletion. Our screening procedure was performed in 2 steps. First, IT were evaluated using protein synthesis inhibition assay on clonogenic malignant cells in order to determine the most active IT for a given CD. Second, IT thus selected were evaluated for both mature T cell killing efficacy and tolerance on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). This study showed that (1) different IT directed against the same CD antigen displayed a wide range of activity, suggesting the need for a large screening of IT to determine the most appropriate antibody for a given target antigen; (2) anti-CD3 and anti-CD5 ricin A-chain IT are the most active, displaying a cytoreduction of more than 2 logs on mature T cells; (3) the 3 different anti-CD2 ricin A-chain IT evaluated in this study induced poor mature T cell cytoreduction despite their relative efficacy on leukemic cells; (4) anti-CD8 ricin A-chain IT showed almost no efficacy on relevant target cells; (5) no toxicity on HPC was found for concentrations up to 10(-8) of A-chain whatever the IT used. PMID- 3501190 TI - T cell subsets controlling graft-v-host disease in mice. PMID- 3501191 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the galvanic test]. PMID- 3501192 TI - [Index of the functional stability of the equilibrium system as one of the criteria of pre-nosological diagnosis]. PMID- 3501193 TI - [Multi-channel programmed electric stimulation in the prevention of complications after pancreatoduodenal resection]. AB - Based on investigation of the course of the postoperative period in 144 patients after pancreatoduodenal resection the authors have developed a complex of measures aimed at earlier recovery of motility of the digestive tract including the following: blockade of pain impulses from the operated area, disloading of the gastrointestinal tract with the help of permanent jejunal probe, pharmacological stimulation of peristalsis, direct programmed electrostimulation of the intestines. The application of it results in the recovery of peristalsis in the 2nd-3d days after operation and in less amount of postoperative complications. PMID- 3501194 TI - Von Willebrand's disease in dogs in the United Kingdom. AB - An assay for the measurement of von Willebrand factor antigen has been established. In a period of 18 months, 13 dogs have been identified as suffering from von Willebrand's disease. The affected animals had levels of von Willebrand factor antigen which ranged from undetectable to 43 per cent of normal. Factor VIII levels were also reduced. Haemorrhagic episodes were usually associated with trauma or surgery, and often required transfusion with fresh blood or plasma to arrest haemorrhage. PMID- 3501195 TI - [Role and possibilities of computerized tomography in neurological practice]. PMID- 3501197 TI - [Abdominal syndrome in Schoenlein-Henoch purpura]. PMID- 3501196 TI - Surround control of center adaptation in the receptive fields of frog retinal ganglion cells. AB - The sensitivity and intensity-response [R(log I)] functions of the receptive field center were determined by extracellular recording from frog retinal ganglion cells. The object was to study the steady-state adapting effects of peripheral background patterns: steady annuli and spinning "windmills" of light. Steady annular backgrounds could not be shown to directly effect any change of center responsiveness, only an enhancement of late response components attributable to depression of surround sensitivity. Movement of a windmill pattern shifted R(log I) functions to higher log intensities and decreased the maximal number of spikes in the response, but did not depress the saturation level of the impulse frequency. Its action thus resembled direct light-adaptation of the center. PMID- 3501198 TI - [Paradoxical phenomena in the neurology clinic]. PMID- 3501199 TI - [Diagnostic characteristics of atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 3501200 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin--an investigative odyssey from the benchtop to the bedside. PMID- 3501202 TI - [Smoking habits of 12-to-16-year-old students in a rural district]. PMID- 3501201 TI - Sufficiency of clinical literature on the appropriate uses of six medical and surgical procedures. AB - We reviewed the English-language clinical literature on carotid endarterectomy, cholecystectomy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass graft procedure to identify the appropriateness of using these procedures in 1981. Most of the 803 relevant articles and textbooks were published after 1975; about 10% of the 571 research studies were randomized, controlled trials, while two thirds were retrospective studies. Incomplete or contradictory information was available on the indications for and efficacy of using the procedures; almost no data were available on costs and use; data on complications failed to specify patients' symptoms or the relationship between complications and reasons for doing the procedure. PMID- 3501203 TI - [Smoking habits of children and adolescents]. PMID- 3501204 TI - [Mortality in early infancy in the Newbrandenburg district 1975 to 1985 with special reference to prevention]. PMID- 3501205 TI - [Patient documentation as the basis for the detection of drug side--effects- report of experiences of a combined analysis]. PMID- 3501206 TI - [Principles of differential pathogenesis-oriented therapy of various forms of osteopenia]. AB - From the demonstration of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of osteopenia 7 different histologically and histomorphometrically defined pictures of the state (diseases) of the skeleton are derived. From this 4 different possibilities of the influence on the permanent transformation of the skeleton--the remodeling are the result. The medicamentous support of the blockade or stimulation of osteoclasts and the optimization of the mineralization are the basis of therapeutic considerations. In the light of these pathogenetically orientated treatment strategies the real and at present practicable therapy regimes of the various clinical manifestations of the osteopenia and new beginnings especially also of the therapy of osteoporosis are discussed. PMID- 3501207 TI - [Diagnostic value of the differential lymphatic blood picture in leukemic non Hodgkin's lymphomas]. AB - In 84 leukemic non-Hodgkin-lymphomas the diagnostic evidence of peripheral blood smears in Pappenheim-staining and diverse cytochemical reactions (PAS, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, acid esterase, beta-glucuronidase) was analysed using a homogeneous cell grid (lymphatic differential blood picture). In all entities the small lymphocyte proved to be the most frequent cell-form. The other lymphomas of low malignity (intermediate malignity) can clearly be demarcated from the CLL by the more intense polymorphism of the blood smears and in the majority can be classified entity-related by the differential blood picture. For the diagnostic evidence of the differential blood picture proved significant that entity-typical cell-forms (e.g. lymphoplasmacytoid lymphocytes, centrocytes) following the small (mature) lymphocyte as cell-type of second frequency are flooded out into the peripheral blood in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Highly malignant lymphomas could clearly be demarcated from low malignant ones by their higher proportion of blasts in the differential blood picture. Of the cytochemical reactions only the acid phosphatase, with definitely focal-perinuclear reaction, an importance as T-cell marker is ascribed. PMID- 3501208 TI - [Enzyme histochemistry in the study of the histogenesis of B- and T-cell malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in primates]. PMID- 3501209 TI - [Experience in obtaining continuous lymphoid suspension cell cultures from primates yielding B-lymphotropic herpes viruses]. PMID- 3501210 TI - [Interrelation between gonococcal infection, drunkenness and alcoholism and their influence on the immunological reactivity of the body]. PMID- 3501212 TI - [Abstracts of the West German Society for Rheumatology. 23-24 October 1987, Ratingen]. PMID- 3501211 TI - Salivary and serum antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae infection in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 3501213 TI - [Experiences in treatment of urinary incontinence in the female by electrostimulation]. AB - Electrostimulation-treatment was carried out in 47 female patients suffering from urinary stress incontinence. A special electrode-pair was applicated in the vagina under the bladder neck. The electrostimulation lasted for 8 hours daily through 3 to 8 days on one hand, and on the other hand for 24 hours 3 to 5 times successively. In order to specify the cases and to perform the urodynamics a uroflow-cystometer by Wolf was used. The classification of the stress incontinence occurred by the Ingelman-Sundberg scheme. Rate of successfully treated patients depended on the length of time and degree of incontinence, furthermore on the extent of anatomical alteration. Following the electrostimulation 20 patients became symptomless (42 per cent), in 17 cases the complaints decreased and in 10 cases the treatment proved to be inefficient. Authors suggest that like other conservative measures the vaginal electrostimulation can be applied as a treatment of some forms of urinary stress incontinence under in-patient service. PMID- 3501215 TI - Belgian Cardiac Society. 6th annual meeting. Brussels, 20-21 February 1987. Abstracts of free communications. PMID- 3501214 TI - Abstracts of the symposium on hypertension and the ageing cardiovascular system: the role of serotonin. Brussels, February 7, 1987. PMID- 3501216 TI - Suppressed induction and expression of delayed hypersensitivity responses in BALB/c mice infected with Trypanosoma venezuelense. PMID- 3501217 TI - Multilobated B-cell lymphoma. Report of a case with immunocytologic diagnosis in pleural fluid. AB - The cytologic, histologic and immunocytochemical findings in an aggressive case of multilobated lymphoma in an 89-year-old man are described. This unusual variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is morphologically distinct but may be of either T-cell or B-cell origin. A battery of immunocytologic stains on pleural fluid specimens allowed determination of a B-cell (follicular center cell) origin to be made. Previous literature on this neoplasm is briefly reviewed, and the unreliability of morphologic findings in predicting a T-cell or B-cell origin is discussed. PMID- 3501218 TI - [Gastric cancers and tumor markers. Immunocytochemical study]. PMID- 3501219 TI - [Antilymphocyte globulin therapy of severe aplastic anemia in childhood]. PMID- 3501220 TI - Isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia for coronary bypass surgery in patients with good left ventricular function. AB - The hemodynamic effects of a balanced anesthetic technique where a moderate dose of fentanyl (32 micrograms/kg) is supplemented with isoflurane were studied in 15 patients with good left ventricular function. Mean inspired isoflurane concentration was 0.63% during induction and 0.74% during maintenance. Induction of anesthesia was associated with a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in systolic and diastolic pressure and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI). During maintenance systolic blood pressure and LVSWI remained significantly depressed. It is concluded that isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia has myocardial depressant properties. There is a reduced incidence of break-through hypertension during noxious stimuli, when compared with high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. During maintenance, clinical signs that could reflect myocardial ischemia were not observed. Heart enzymes remained within normal range postoperatively in all patients and ECG morphology was unchanged. PMID- 3501221 TI - The use of midazolam and diazepam for sedation following aorto-coronary bypass surgery. AB - The new water-soluble benzodiazepine midazolam was compared in a randomized study to diazepam for postoperative sedation in fifty patients following aortocoronary bypass surgery with a sufentanil-anesthesia. Midazolam and diazepam were administered intravenously in repeated doses in conjunction with an opioid infusion (piritramide) from the end of surgery during a twelve-hour study period, patients being artificially ventilated. Midazolam scored better than diazepam for quality of sedation and cardiovascular stability during the period of mechanical ventilation and for respiration during the weaning period and after extubation, although no difference was found in weaning time from artificial ventilation and time of extubation. Hemodynamic tolerance for both drugs was good. The administration of a loading dose of midazolam 5 mg caused a slight, transient decrease in mean arterial pressure. Midazolam appeared to be a more effective sedative agent than diazepam for short-term administration during mechanical ventilation. No evidence of cumulation and prolonged recovery was seen. PMID- 3501222 TI - Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. III. An alternative assessment of the three epidemics. AB - Among 32 resident Faroese, clinical MS began between 1943 and 1973 and comprised 3 epidemics, each one significantly later in time and lower in incidence than the preceding. This is confirmed by the present division of the cases of the epidemics according to the calendar time when the patients attained age 11. The risk of MS for Faroese of Epidemic I, (those who acquired the disease from asymptomatic British troops in the World War II occupation), was 18 per 10,000. Depending on the minimum population number required for transmission, the MS risk for Epidemic II was 15 per 18 per 10,000, and for Epidemic III (under our second model) 9 or 11 per 10,000, none differing significantly from Epidemic I. We conclude that the primary MS affection (PMSA) is a single, widespread, specific, systemic infectious disease whose acquisition in virgin populations follows 2 years of exposure starting between age 11 and 45, which then produces clinical neurologic MS (CNMS) in only a small proportion of the affected after an incubation period of 6 (virgin populace) or 12 (endemic areas) years, and which is transmissible only during part or all of this systemic PMSA phase that ends by age 27 or younger. PMID- 3501223 TI - Non-traumatic recurrent corneal erosion. A study based on sequential photomacrographic recordings. AB - A case of non-traumatic recurrent corneal erosion was studied for several days by means of non-contact photomacrography. The development of cysts and fingerprint like lines was registered. A previous suggestion based on histological evidence regarding the origin of some of the cysts, could be confirmed. PMID- 3501224 TI - Pars plana technique for removal of congenital subluxated lenses in young patients. AB - Lensectomy with the pars plana technique was performed in 16 eyes of 11 patients (2 female, 9 male) with congenital subluxated lenses. Lens subluxation was associated with homocystinuria in 2 patients, Marfan's syndrome in 4, congenital simple ectopia lentis in 2 and without any known heredity in 3 patients. The reason for removal was in all eyes optical disturbances. Five patients were operated on both eyes. All lenses were removed with the Kloti Vitreous Stripper through the pars plana. No complications occurred. Retinal detachment was present pre-operatively in both eyes in one patient with homocystinuria. In the post operative period, prophylactic photocoagulation and cryotherapy were performed in 7 eyes in 6 patients (6 photocoagulation and 1 cryo). The pars plana technique for removal of clear subluxated lenses in young individuals seems to be the method of choice. Complications are negligible and the method gives excellent optical results. PMID- 3501225 TI - [A vestibular model of the course of Meniere's disease]. AB - Based on directional preponderance (DP) of the caloric nystagmus of 36 patients with Meniere's disease (MD), 57 calorigrams are divided in three groups: with ipsilateral, contralateral and without DP (neutral). Each calorigram is an unique moment in the course of MD. The age of the patient at that moment, the time since the first symptoms and since the last vertiginous spell, as well as the percentages of caloric response reduction and of DP are recorded. There are significant (Mann-Whitney U-test) differences between duration of the MD, time since the last spell and DP of the ipsilateral group and the same items of the contralateral group. Ipsilateral and contralateral calorigrams become neutral, consequently the neutral group is complex. From a vestibular point of view, MD is characterized by stages with a cyclic interrelation: during the first four years, ipsilateral stages with periferal stimulation or reversible reduction with recovery; one year after the first symptoms, contralateral stages with (partial) loss of function with central compensation; neutral stages--with or without minor spells--without further loss of function. Staging MD is of diagnostic importance; perhaps different stages need a different therapy. Stimulation or reversible loss of function in an ipsilateral stage is probably not caused by hydrops; in a contralateral stage with definite loss of function hydrops could be involved. PMID- 3501226 TI - Type of milk feeding and nutrient intake during infancy. The Leiden Pre-School Children Study. AB - During infancy different types of milk feeding can be used, i.e. breast milk, formula or cow's milk. In the Leiden Pre-School Children Study food intake and anthropometric data of four-, six- and nine-month-old infants were collected to study the influence of the type of milk feeding on the energy and nutrient intake on one hand and on height and weight on the other hand. All three different types of milk feeding were studied in the four-month-old infants. In the six- and nine month-old infants food intake data of those breast-fed were not collected. No differences in energy intake and in height and weight were found between formula fed infants and infants fed on cow's milk at the three age-levels. The influence on nutrient intake, on the contrary, was substantial. Compared to formula feeding, cow's milk feeding resulted in a significantly higher intake of protein, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus and a significantly lower intake of linoleic acid, iron and ascorbic acid. Cow's milk feeding at four months was more prevalent among less educated mothers than among mothers with higher education. Breast feeding was strongly positively related to educational level of the mother at all three ages. It can be concluded that more information should be given about the advantages and disadvantages of different types of milk feeding especially to less educated mothers. PMID- 3501227 TI - Is oxygen supply the only regulator of erythropoietin levels? Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin during the first 4 months of life in term infants with different levels of arterial oxygenation. AB - Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEp) levels were measured in 35 full-term infants aged 0-13 weeks, 31 of whom had congenital heart disease. The infants displayed a wide range in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2). During the first days of life siEp varied widely with a range from less than 3 to more than 10,000 mIU/ml. The wide variation is consistent with findings in cord blood at term. The siEp levels did not correlate significantly with haemoglobin, haematocrit, PaO2, SaO2, or arterial oxygen content in the total sample, nor when the cohort was split up into different age groups. Cyanotic infants aged 2-13 weeks had significantly higher siEp concentrations than normal adults (p less than 0.001) and than children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, aged 4 months-10 years (p less than 0.001). The raised siEp levels in cyanotic children aged 2-13 weeks found in this study and the normal levels found in their older counterparts (4 months-10 years) (reported elsewhere) are consistent with the pattern observed in man and animals exposed to prolonged hypobaric hypoxia, in which after an initial rise in erythropoietin concentrations the levels fall to normal while increased erythropoiesis is sustained. PMID- 3501228 TI - Mortality in pacemaker-treated patients. A follow-up study of the impact of HLA B27 and associated rheumatic disorders. AB - The mortality in pacemaker-treated patients is due to underlying disorders, and is increased in patients with ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes and renal dysfunction. We have recently shown that the HLA B27 associated inflammatory disease process is the probable underlying cause in 15 20% of permanently paced men. Consequently, we undertook this study to evaluate any impact on mortality of HLA B27 and associated rheumatic disorders. The mortality among pacemaker patients was compared with that of the general population. Comparisons were also made between pacemaker patients with and without HLA B27 and associated disorders. We did not find any influence on mortality associated with the immunogenetic marker HLA B27 or with HLA B27 associated rheumatic disorders. PMID- 3501229 TI - Thallium scintigraphy in prediction of occlusion of bypass grafts in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. AB - To evaluate thallium scintigraphy in predicting coronary artery bypass graft patency, exercise thallium scintigraphy and selective graft and native vessel angiograms were performed in 22 asymptomatic and 29 symptomatic consecutive patients three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Twelve out of 22 asymptomatic patients (55%) had reversible thallium defects on postoperative images; in 10 patients the postoperative scans were normal. The graft patency was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients with abnormal thallium perfusion compared to those with normal perfusion after CABG (68% vs. 91%, p less than 0.05). The rate of graft patency in symptomatic patients was 66/87 (76%). Thallium scintigraphy was 77% sensitive and 78% specific in detecting one or more stenosed or occluded bypass grafts in patients without angina (accuracy 77%). When data from exercise electrocardiography were combined with scintigraphy, all but one patient with incomplete revascularization could be detected (positive predictive accuracy 92%). In symptomatic patients, thallium scintigraphy accurately predicted the presence or absence of graft occlusion in 24/29 (83%) cases. Thus, abnormal myocardial perfusion due to stenosis or occlusion of bypass grafts is common in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients after CABG. Thallium scintigraphy together with exercise electrocardiography appear to be useful non-invasive methods in detecting painless myocardial ischemia and in predicting bypass graft occlusion after CABG. PMID- 3501230 TI - Comparison of the levels of cardiovascular risk factors between eastern and south western Finland in 1982. AB - Altogether 6,523 persons aged 25-64 years were studied in eastern and south western Finland to determine their cardiovascular risk factor levels. Among men, smoking was more prevalent in the south-western area (41 vs. 37%), serum cholesterol levels were higher in the eastern area (6.2 vs. 6.0 mmol/l) and blood pressure levels were the same in both areas (145/86 in the east vs. 144/86 in the south-west). Among women, smoking was also more common in the south-western area (24 vs. 16%) and serum cholesterol levels were higher in the eastern area (6.1 vs. 6.0 mmol/l) as well as blood pressure levels (142/84 vs. 138/81 mmHg). Among both genders, prevalence of hypertension and proportion of persons on antihypertensive drug therapy was higher in eastern Finland. The comparison of these findings with the results from previous studies carried out among men in these two areas indicates that the risk factor levels have been decreasing in both areas and that the previously observed differences in risk factor levels between eastern and south-western Finland (the levels used to be higher in the east) have levelled off. The favourable development in eastern Finland may be a result of the North Karelia Project. PMID- 3501232 TI - IgA hybridomas derived from naturally primed salivary gland B cells. PMID- 3501231 TI - Synthesis of IgA by mammalian bone marrow. PMID- 3501233 TI - Measurement of serum antibodies to C1q and conglutinin in rabbits following feeding with cows' milk and in normal human serum. PMID- 3501234 TI - IgG subclass producing cells in respiratory mucosa of patients with frequent infections and lowered levels of serum IgG subclasses. PMID- 3501235 TI - Antibodies directed at Fab of IgA in the sera of normal individuals and IgA nephropathy patients. PMID- 3501236 TI - Differential expression of IgA- and IgM-rheumatoid factors in human disease: evidence for independent regulation of rheumatoid factor isotype production. PMID- 3501237 TI - Cellular immunity against Salmonella typhi after live oral vaccine. PMID- 3501238 TI - Conjunctival immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis: effects of oral preimmunization on conjunctival lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 3501239 TI - Cellular factors in the induction of mucosal immunity by oral immunization. PMID- 3501240 TI - Gastrointestinal investigations for anaemia in the elderly: a prospective study. AB - Of 60 patients referred for geriatric assessment with clinically significant hypochromic anaemia, in the absence of frank bleeding, 44 underwent upper gastrointestinal and 27 lower gastrointestinal investigations. The probability of identifying a potential cause at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was three times that at barium enema, and five times that at sigmoidoscopy, and the lesions identified at endoscopy were more likely to need treatment. Of 41 who completed investigation, a cause was found in 36, upper gastrointestinal in 29, colonic in six and ileal in one. Six upper gastrointestinal and three colonic lesions were found in the 11 of these without gastrointestinal symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients with unexplained hypochromic anaemia will identify a treatable cause in a high proportion of cases. PMID- 3501241 TI - [Cyclosporine therapy of refractive uveitis]. PMID- 3501242 TI - The bingo model of survivorship. V. The problems of conformation to the empirical evidence. AB - We discuss the statistical and biological problems of adapting the theoretical bingo model to the analysis of empirical data. A distinction is made between an idealized pathogenetic model, which aims to represent the disease in as much authentic detail as the present state of knowledge allows and in components that have literal interpretation, and an empirical model, which deals with those effects of the pathogenetic model that one may hope to observe clinically. We review a variety of empirical models distinguishable by the amount of data available on intermediate degrees of damage short of total destruction. The relationship of damage to time is explored, and we consider the criteria and usefulness of linearization of this relationship where the diachronic ("longitudinal") data are few and extend over a comparatively short time. Every time a patient is examined, the degree of cumulative damage is assessed in each of the body systems of interest. Thus the examination will furnish a set of measurements, which is obtained on each of several examinations, taken over a period that for preference is long relative to the survival of the system. Specific disorders discussed include dentition and enlargement of the aorta with age in the Marfan syndrome. PMID- 3501243 TI - Discordant expression of CD3 and T-cell receptor beta-chain antigens in T-lineage lymphomas. AB - Using an immunoperoxidase technique that identifies both surface and cytoplasmic antigen expression, the authors examined 28 benign reactive lymphorproliferative lesions and 55 T-lineage lymphomas for reactivity with CD3 (Leu-4; T-cell receptor-associated antigen) and beta F1 antibodies, the latter recognizing nonpolymorphic determinants on T-cell receptor beta chains. Consistent with previous observations that these two antigens are co-expressed on the vast majority of thymocytes, peripheral blood T cells and tonsillar T cells, all 28 reactive lymphoproliferations showed essentially identical patterns of CD3 and beta F1 expression. In contrast, only 29 of 55 T-lineage lymphomas displayed coexpression of these antigens. Among 33 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, 11 cases showed CD3/beta F1 discordance (7 CD3+/beta F1-; 4 CD3-/beta F1+), and 5 showed absence of both these antigens. Nine of 22 T-lymphoblastic lymphomas showed CD3/beta F1 discordance (all CD3+/beta F1-), and 1 case was CD3-/beta F1-. These patterns of CD3/beta F1 expression, along with the patterns of CD2, CD4, CD5, CD7, and CD8 antigen expression in these neoplasms, indicate that T-cell lymphomas can manifest phenotypes not apparently reflective of normal T populations and suggest the presence of abnormal gene expression in these malignancies. The existence of aberrant phenotypes in T-cell neoplasia suggests caution in interpretation of investigations using T-lineage malignancies as models of normal T-cell biology. Finally, the identification of phenotypic abnormalities in T-lineage populations can be of great diagnostic usefulness in the delineation of benign versus malignant T-cell proliferations. PMID- 3501244 TI - Acute inflammation and a Shwartzman-like reaction induced by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Synergistic action of the cytokines in the induction of inflammation and microvascular injury. AB - A Shwartzman-like reaction was elicited in rabbits by preparing the skin with intradermal injections of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1 alpha or beta). The animals were challenged intravenously with endotoxin or by intravascular activation of complement with immune complexes or zymosan 18 hours later and were sacrificed after another 2 hours. Animals challenged with saline did not develop Shwartzman like reactions. The sites prepared with endotoxin or with either form of IL-1 plus TNF alpha developed visible hemorrhage, whereas sites injected with either IL-1 or TNF alpha alone did not. Hemorrhage and microthrombosis were quantitated with 59Fe-labeled erythrocytes and 111In-platelets for 2 hours after the intravenous challenge, and the findings confirmed the observations made on gross inspection. Dermal sites prepared with the cytokines and challenged intravenously with endotoxin, immune complexes, or zymosan exhibited some diffuse hemorrhage and an intense erythrocyte extravasation around distended vessels, along skin appendages, and the panniculus carnosus muscle. The lumens of many large and postcapillary venules contained aggregates of platelets and leukocytes. These changes were superimposed on those seen at prepared sites (leukocyte infiltration). By electron microscopy fibrin was demonstrable in association with the formed elements of the blood. Histologic examination of the 18-hour-old preparative lesions or 20-hour-old lesions of saline-"challenged" animals revealed accumulation of leukocytes in the dermis, predominantly neutrophils. This accumulation was sparse at sites treated with only IL-1 or TNF alpha, but very intense at sites treated with both IL-1 and TNF alpha or with endotoxin. These observations were confirmed quantitatively by measuring the accumulation of 51Cr-labeled neutrophils for 2 hours after injection. The potency of IL-1 alpha was comparable to that in our earlier report, and TNF alpha was about three log times less potent. Sites treated with both IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha resulted in 69% greater neutrophil emigration than the additive response elicited by each cytokine. The reported findings implicate a synergism between IL-1 and TNF alpha in the induction of both the inflammatory reaction (preceding the Shwartzman reaction) and the thrombohemorrhagic component of the Shwartzman reaction proper. PMID- 3501245 TI - Growth fractions and estrogen receptors in human breast cancers as determined in situ with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The growth fraction (GF) and estrogen receptor (ER) status of 76 cases of breast cancer were investigated on frozen sections of the same tissue block by immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies (Ki-67 and anti ER antibody). In 55 cases of this series, the ER status was also determined by standard biochemical methods. Our study revealed an inverse correlation between GF and ER status. This negative relationship was most significant when both variables were determined immunohistologically in the same tissue block and less significant when GF was analyzed by immunohistology and ER status by biochemical methods. These data suggest that the immunohistologically assessed ER values characterize the receptor status of a given carcinoma better than the biochemical values, which leads to the conclusion that the immunohistologically determined close negative relationship between GF and ER reflects the actual in vivo situation of a given breast carcinoma case. However, the immunohistologic analysis also revealed that there is a proportion of exceptional cases, ie, those with a positive ER status and a large or moderately large GF. Because only half of the ER-positive breast carcinomas respond to endocrine therapy with objective remission., it is hypothesized that it might be preferentially these mentioned exceptional cases that fail to positively respond to endocrine treatment protocols. PMID- 3501247 TI - Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor do not regulate protein balance in skeletal muscle. AB - Recent studies have claimed that interleukin 1-containing preparations increase skeletal protein degradation similar to that seen during infection and inflammation. However, preparations employed have contained other products of activated macrophages, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In the present report, we investigated the capability of recombinant-derived murine and human interleukins 1-alpha and 1-beta and human tumor necrosis factor-alpha to affect skeletal protein synthesis and degradation both in vitro and in vivo. Partially purified products of Staphylococcus albus-stimulated human blood monocytes increased skeletal protein degradation both in vivo and in vitro. However, none of the recombinant interleukin 1 nor the human tumor necrosis factor-alpha preparations had any impact on skeletal protein balance. Both recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody to human interleukin 1 eliminated the lymphoproliferative response to partially purified monocyte preparations (interleukin 1 activity), but failed to abrogate the increased skeletal protein degradation in vitro. This study demonstrates that although interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce a PGE2 response by skeletal muscle in vitro, some macrophage product distinct from either interleukin 1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha is responsible for the accelerated skeletal protein degradation seen with partially purified human blood monocyte products. Elevated PGE2 levels do not appear to regulate skeletal protein balance in vitro. PMID- 3501248 TI - Chronic alterations in jejunal myoelectric activity in rats due to MPTP. AB - Parkinsonian patients may have symptoms consistent with intestinal pseudo obstruction, but a primary intestinal abnormality has not been shown. 1-Methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), after conversion to a toxic metabolite via the monoamine oxidase system, can induce Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in humans and primates. Rodents have some catecholamine depletion but much less so than primates. Using chronic bipolar electrodes on the proximal jejunum of Wistar rats, we show significant, chronic migrating myoelectric complex disruption (P less than 0.001) and prolongation of irregular spike activity (P less than 0.001). Pargyline (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) pretreatment significantly blocked these myoelectric changes. Sinemet (L-dopa and carbidopa), given after MPTP to replete dopamine, decreased the MPTP-induced migrating myoelectric complex disruption. Jejunal myenteric plexus dopamine levels were significantly decreased (to 61% of control) after MPTP but after much higher doses than were required to disrupt migrating myoelectric complex activity (180 mg/kg total vs. 30 mg/kg). Dopamine in the central nervous system was not depleted. We conclude that MPTP causes intestinal myoelectric disruption (which can be blocked by pargyline and decreased by Sinemet) possibly through enteric, but not central, nervous system effects. PMID- 3501246 TI - Effects of growth factors in vivo. I. Cell ingrowth into porous subcutaneous chambers. AB - Growth factors secreted by platelets and macrophages may play roles in atherogenesis and in wound repair. The multiple biologic effects of these factors are being studied extensively in vitro, but their roles in vivo are relatively unexplored. The cellular responses to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were examined in a wound chamber model in rats. Growth factors were emulsified in bovine dermal collagen suspensions, placed in 1 X 30-mm porous polytetrafluoroethylene tubes, inserted subcutaneously, and removed after 10 days. The presence of PDGF (400 ng), TGF beta (200 ng), or bFGF (100 ng) increased the DNA content of the chambers two- to sixfold, compared with controls. Regardless of dose, EGF (100-800 ng) did not affect the DNA content. The increases in DNA observed for PDGF, TGF beta, or bFGF resulted from accumulations of varying numbers of fibroblasts, capillaries, macrophages, and leukocytes in 10-day chambers. The addition of 250 micrograms/ml heparin to the collagen suspension potentiated the response to PDGF and bFGF, but not to TGF beta or EGF. The clearance of 125I-labeled growth factors from the chambers was biphasic. After an initial rapid phase, the remaining growth factor was slowly cleared. The half-life of the initial phase was rapid for PDGF (12 hours) and bFGF (9 hours) and somewhat slower for TGF beta (22 hours). There was no difference in the rate of clearance between collagen and collagen/heparin matrices for any of the growth factors examined. These studies demonstrate that PDGF, bFGF, and TGF beta can induce granulation tissue development in normal animals. The similarity in cellular responses to three peptides with differing in vitro actions suggests that the responses observed at 10 days reflect a secondary process, possibly mediated by effector cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, or granulocytes that are attracted into the chamber by each growth factor, rather than a direct effect of the factors themselves. PMID- 3501249 TI - Circulating interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor during inflammation. AB - It is proposed that interleukin 1 (IL 1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha play central roles in the host's response to inflammation. Yet circulating concentrations have not been frequently measured in many inflammatory states. Serum levels of IL 1 and TNF were evaluated in mice with a tumor, sterile inflammation, endotoxinemia, or generalized peritonitis where an acute-phase protein response was documented. In tumor-bearing mice, no IL 1 or TNF could be detected despite marked increases in the serum concentration of the acute-phase reactant protein, amyloid P. In mice with peritonitis, induced by cecal ligation and perforation, or a turpentine-induced subcutaneous abscess, IL 1 but not TNF could be detected in the serum. Only expansion of the reticuloendothelial system with Corynebacterium parvum and subsequent challenge with endotoxin resulted in serum TNF appearance. The failure to observe IL 1 or TNF in any of the disorders could not be explained by inhibitors. Rather, the data suggest that a hepatic acute-phase protein response can occur during inflammatory states without the appearance of either IL 1 or TNF in the circulation. Circulating levels of both monokines do not appear to be a universal finding in inflammation. PMID- 3501250 TI - [Effect of transcerebral exposure to a UHF electrical field on the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovary system in patients with ovarian dysfunction]. PMID- 3501251 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum and its complications]. PMID- 3501252 TI - [Hemodynamic action profile of propofol in comparison with midazolam. A study in coronary surgical patients]. AB - Propofol, a rapid and short-acting i.v. anesthetic, was associated with the risk of anaphylactic reactions in its original cremophor-EL formulation. It has been reformulated in a soybean emulsion with satisfactory anesthetic properties. A former study of hemodynamic changes after i.v. induction with propofol, thiopental, methohexital, etomidate, and midazolam in patients with coronary artery disease demonstrated that in comparison to other induction agents propofol depressed systolic and diastolic arterial pressures more severely, compromising coronary perfusion. In the present investigation left ventricular parameters as well as hemodynamic effects during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) were studied in comparison to midazolam during opiate analgesia. Methods. Hemodynamic effects of 2 mg/kg body weight propofol as compared to 0.15 mg/kg midazolam were studied in 34 patients during coronary artery surgery before cannulation of the large vessels (measurement of left ventricular parameters) or during ECC (measurement of arterial perfusion pressure and oxygenator volume). Results (see Table 1, Figs. 1 and 2). Propofol decreased systolic and diastolic pressures (-27%, -22%) more than midazolam (-10%, -9%). Cardiac index and stroke volume index were diminished following both drugs (propofol: -14%, -9%; midazolam: -15%, -11%); total systemic resistance was reduced significantly by propofol (-22%). Dp/dtmax was compromised more markedly by propofol (-24%) than by midazolam (-18%), but there was no significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501253 TI - Comparison of propofol and thiopentone anaesthesia (with special reference to recovery characteristics). AB - Thiopentone and propofol were used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in unpremedicated patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. There were no significant differences in the induction and maintenance characteristics except for a high incidence of pain on injection and a greater fall in the mean systolic blood pressure associated with propofol in comparison with thiopentone. Propofol was associated with a quicker early recovery as well as a faster psychomotor recovery, as tested by a peg-board. However, complete psychomotor recovery was not achieved for up to three hours in some patients receiving propofol and so caution is advised regarding the early street fitness of patients receiving repeated doses of the drug for day case surgery. PMID- 3501254 TI - Reliability of estimation of pulmonary artery wedge pressures during coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The ability to reliably estimate pulmonary artery wedge pressure measurements using the clinical and basic cardiovascular parameters was assessed in fifty-six patients having elective coronary artery bypass surgery. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 had normal left ventricular function (22 patients), Group 2 had moderate left ventricular dysfunction (20 patients) and Group 3 had more severe left ventricular dysfunction (14 patients). The percentages of correct pulmonary artery wedge pressure estimations were 55%, 56% and 52% in Groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. We conclude that pulmonary artery wedge pressure measurements can only be reliably estimated from the clinical situation and basic cardiovascular parameters on about 50% of occasions and that the reliability of the estimation does not vary between groups with different left ventricular performance. PMID- 3501255 TI - Nitrous oxide and cerebrospinal fluid markers of ischaemia following cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Twenty patients with good ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were studied to determine whether the pre-bypass use of nitrous oxide resulted in any differences in cerebrospinal fluid markers indicative of cerebral ischaemia. All patients were anaesthetised with diazepam, fentanyl and pancuronium, after which ten patients received 50-60% nitrous oxide in oxygen until commencement of bypass, and the remaining patients 100% oxygen. Because of the known effect of nitrous oxide in expanding gaseous bubbles, any neurological dysfunction of gaseous microembolic origin may be worsened in the presence of nitrous oxide. Patients were lumbar punctured 24 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass and cerebrospinal fluid analysed for the following markers of central nervous system ischaemia: creatine kinase, lactate, total protein, noradrenaline, adrenaline and adenylate kinase. There was a statistically significant difference in cerebrospinal fluid lactate between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the other cerebrospinal fluid markers of ischaemia. PMID- 3501256 TI - Evidence for isoaspartyl (deamidated) forms of mouse epidermal growth factor. AB - A variant form of mouse submaxillary gland epidermal growth factor (EGF) was identified by isocratic reversed-phase HPLC of EGF obtained by Bio-Gel P-10 column chromatography ("culture grade"). The variant form was essentially absent in preparations of EGF further purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose ("receptor-grade" EGF). The spectral properties and amino acid composition of the variant form (EGF-I) could not be distinguished from those of the intact polypeptide isolated by HPLC (alpha-EGF). Receptor-binding and mitogenic properties of EGF-I were also equivalent to those of alpha-EGF. These data suggested that EGF-I was structurally very similar to EGF. However, the very low yield (less than 4%) obtained by Edman degradation indicated that the N-terminal (Asn1) of the polypeptide was modified. Isoelectric focusing of EGF-I revealed two major immunoreactive bands: one with a pI equivalent to that of alpha-EGF (pI 4.6) and another at pI 4.1. Alkaline treatment of alpha-EGF (0.1 M NH4OH) yielded peak material by HPLC that coeluted with EGF-I; the alkaline-generated EGF-I yielded bands that also focused at pH 4.6 and 4.1. Ammonium hydroxide treatment of [des-Asn1]-EGF (beta-EGF) did not produce conversion to EGF-I. On the basis of these data, we propose that EGF-I was formed by selective deamidation of the N terminal Asn of intact EGF. This notion is also supported by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, which showed that EGF-I was approximately 1.5 mass units greater than alpha-EGF. The heterogeneity observed by isoelectric focusing supports previous studies which have shown that, following deamidation of N terminal asparagine, a beta-aspartyl shift can occur, which in the present study might yield succinimido-aspartyl1-EGF and beta-aspartyl1-EGF. Low yields observed during Edman degradation indicate that negligible amounts occur as the alpha aspartyl1-EGF isomer. PMID- 3501257 TI - [Ataxia-telangiectasia associated with convoluted T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: apropos of a case]. PMID- 3501258 TI - Adhesion of blood platelets to isolated components of the vessel wall. PMID- 3501259 TI - Proliferation and maturation of human megakaryocytes in vitro. PMID- 3501260 TI - [Treatment of tinnitus. What hope of recovery? What therapeutic method?]. AB - Global therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment of 100 patients with tinnitus. Characteristics of the affection were studied and different therapies applied. After a mean follow up of 4 months, marked improvement was noted in symptomatology in 33% of cases, including 8% of patients indicating total disappearance of tinnitus or its marked reduction. Efficacy of most treatments, notably medication, is open to doubt, while electrophysiological means such as percutaneous and transtympanic electrical stimulation possess specific indications. The need for basic studies of the physiopathology of tinnitus, as well as for extensive multicentre clinical trials to assess the different therapeutic methods used, is stressed. PMID- 3501261 TI - [Fibrosing lupus erythematosus panniculitis in a pregnant woman with anti-RO/SSA antibodies in mother and child]. PMID- 3501262 TI - Differential effects of human and porcine interleukin 2 on natural killing (NK) activity of newborn piglets and adult pigs lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro effects of human or porcine Interleukin 2 (IL2) on Natural Killing (NK) activity were studied with blood lymphocytes of newborn piglets and of adult pigs. Large volumes of porcine IL2 were prepared by PHA stimulation of irradiated mesenteric lymph node cells and, following purification by gel-filtration chromatography, the apparent molecular weight of IL2 was 15,000 Da. Purified human and porcine IL2 as well as recombinant human IL2 were found to increase markedly NK activity of lymphocytes derived from adult animals. However, although newborn piglets-derived lymphocytes are sensitive to crude porcine IL2 supernatants (and to Interferon alpha as previously shown) their low NK activity is unaffected by purified IL2. These data suggest therefore the existence of differences in the ontogenic development of the lymphokines responsiveness of porcine NK cells. PMID- 3501263 TI - [Digestive hemorrhages after surgery of the posterior cranial fossa in children. Role of dogmatil in their prevention]. PMID- 3501265 TI - [Autosomal recessive spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Apropos of 3 familial cases]. AB - The spondylometaphyseal dysplasias are a group of chondrodystrophies characterised by irregularities of long bones' metaphyses associated with platyspondylia. We report three familial cases (one girl and two boys) whose parents are normal and consanguineous. Our three observations in spite of their analogy with Kozlowski's type, are distinguished by more discrete lesions of the rachis and pelvis and by their autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. PMID- 3501266 TI - Triradial configurations indicate that expression of the fragile site at Xq27 is non-lethal. AB - The staining pattern of BUdR-substituted sister chromatids in triradial configurations associated with the fragile site at Xq27 is reported. The pattern observed in 2nd- and 3rd-generation cells is compatible with the hypothesis that the triradial configurations are caused by mitotic non-disjunction of the distal fragment in the previous mitotic division. This in turn indicates that cells can survive expression of the fragile site in a previous cell cycle. PMID- 3501264 TI - [HLA and molar pregnancies (triploidies, hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinoma). Etiological and epidemiological study]. AB - Etiological and epidemiological studies of triploid and hydatidiform molar conceptuses were done using HLA polymorphism. The segregation of HLA markers allowed to know the etiology of 25 triploidies and 19 hydatidiform moles. Five other moles and a post molar choriocarcinoma were also studied by molecular hybridization. This confirms that triploidies in about 3/4 of the cases involved two sets of paternal chromosomes mainly by di-sperm. Hydatidiform moles from Algeria, France and Senegal were all of androgenic origin excepted for one case. DNA analysis of the choriocarcinoma demonstrated the presence of a paternal marker suggesting for this case a direct cellular lineage from the mole. Positive associations with HLA A 28 and B 7 were found which could be related to gametogenesis-fecundation dysfunction. A slight excess of antigens shared by parents of triploidies was shown. This was not observed for parents of hydatidiform moles but when they shared HLA antigens a preferential inheritance in the mole of the shared specificities was observed. This relative compatibility of the molar conceptus with the mother may be an element of the process that prevent its early rejection. PMID- 3501267 TI - Chromosome 13 long arm interstitial deletion associated with features of Noonan phenotype. AB - A 22-year-old Caucasian mildly retarded male presented with facial features of high nasal bridge, prominent supraorbital ridges, some malar hypoplasia, prognathism, short philtrum, and prominent full lips associated with shortness of stature, nuchal webbing, and esotropia. His cardiac exam and genital development were normal. The diagnosis of Noonan syndrome had been previously entertained. A chromosome analysis revealed an interstitial deletion of a chromosome 13 at (q21.32q22.3). PMID- 3501268 TI - Double autosomal trisomy (1q21.2----qter and 14pter----q13) in a female fetus with nuchal oedema. AB - In this report we describe the prenatal diagnosis of a double autosomal trisomy (1q21.2----qter and 14pter----q13) in a female fetus with nuchal oedema, microphthalmia of the left eye and craniofacial dysmorphism. Cytogenetic examination of the parents revealed an autosomal reciprocal 1q/14q translocation with karyotype: 46,XX,t(1;14)(q21.2;q13) in the mother. PMID- 3501269 TI - The Roberts tetraphocomelia syndrome: identical limb defects in two siblings. AB - In this report we describe two siblings; a female newborn who died shortly after birth, and a prenatally diagnosed female fetus with an identical type of severe, symmetrical tetraphocomelia. Internal malformation, cleft lip/cleft palate and ocular anomalies were absent in both. Premature centromere separation was not observed. On the basis of these findings the nosology of the tetraphocomelia syndromes (Roberts syndrome and the SC phocomelia/pseudothalidomide syndrome) is briefly discussed. PMID- 3501270 TI - The association of HLA-linked genes with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The reported associations between HLA antigen DR3 and null (QO) alleles at the C4A and C4B loci and systemic lupus erythematosus are here analysed. The empirical logistic method has been applied to a body of data which included the relevant genotypes. The analysis suggests that the association with null alleles at the C4 loci is primary and the DR3 association is likely to be secondary to this. This may give information as to the location of the HLA-linked disease susceptibility gene. PMID- 3501271 TI - Characterization of a beta-lactamase from Pasteurella multocida. AB - A bovine strain of Pasteurella multocida was found to produce a beta-lactamase. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin (128 mg/l) and ticarcillin (512 mg/l) were high for this strain. The enzyme was periplasmic and produced constitutively, and there was no obvious permeability barrier. This enzyme had a TEM-substrate profile, and no inhibition was detected with antisera (anti-TEM-1, anti-TEM-2). The apparent isoelectric point was estimated at 8.8. PMID- 3501273 TI - Lowered cerebral glucose utilization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRGlc) were analyzed in 19 studies of 12 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. In the 8 ALS patients with upper motor neuron signs, the mean cortical rCMRGlc was significantly lower than in 11 age-matched control subjects (p less than 0.01). The degree of hypometabolism correlated with the duration of the clinical signs and extended throughout the cortex and basal ganglia, but not to the cerebellum. Of the 4 such patients who had repeat PET scans, 3 demonstrated significant subsequent reduction in the rCMRGlc, corresponding to the worsening of the clinical picture. In contrast, 4 ALS patients with disease confined to lower motor neurons and 3 patients with lower motor neuron disease from old paralytic poliomyelitis had normal or near-normal rCMRGlc throughout the brain. Because histological evidence shows no generalized neuronal cell loss in the cortex of ALS patients, including in some cases the primary motor regions, the demonstration of severe generalized hypometabolism in structurally normal cortex indicates that some cortical neurons exist in a state of neuronal nonfunction, rather than cell death, and that anatomoclinical correlations may be more complex. The data also indicate that ALS with upper motor neuron involvement extends beyond the corticospinal tracts and differs in cortical function from the ALS confined to lower motor neurons or the other lower motor neuron disorders. PMID- 3501272 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Yersinia kristensenii strains to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility and beta-lactamase activity of 22 Yersinia kristensenii strains were determined in order to compare these properties with those reported for Y. enterocolitica. Carbenicillin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin and cefotaxime were the most active antimicrobial agents tested against Y. kristensenii. All strains were resistant to penicillin G, cephalothin, cephapirin and cephalexin. On the other hand, ampicillin and cefazolin activity could be considerated as intermediate. The influence of incubation temperature was also evaluated. All Y. kristensenii strains were more resistant at 22 degrees C than at 37 degrees C to beta-lactam antibiotics. Susceptibility to cefazolin was not affected by the incubation temperature. All Y. kristensenii strains produce beta-lactamase. The substrate profile of this enzyme is that of a cephalosporinase: its activity was highest on cephalothin, cephapirin, cephaloridine and cefazolin, while hydrolysis of ampicillin and carbenicillin was not detected. beta-Lactamase-resistant cefoxitin and cefotaxime were not hydrolysed. A correlation between beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility and the hydrolysis rate of these antibiotics by beta-lactamase was observed, except for cephaloridine and cefazolin; these antibiotics were very good beta lactamase substrates, but their MIC values were low. PMID- 3501274 TI - A controlled study of treatment with recombinant interferon alpha in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: induction and maintenance schedules. AB - To determine the antiviral effect of recombinant-interferon (rIFN)-alpha in hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection, a controlled study was carried out. A total of 20 HBsAg chronic carriers (18 chronic active hepatitis and 2 chronic persistent hepatitis) were included. All of them had remained HBeAg, HBV-DNA and HBV-DNA polymerase (HBV-DNAp) positive at least six months before treatment. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n = 10), and treatment (n = 10). A dose of 5.5 megaunits of rIFN-alpha/m2 body surface was administered every day for 21 days (induction) and twice a week for six months thereafter (maintenance). No basal differences were observed between the two groups. No case of intolerable toxicity was observed. One treated patient died in a car crash in the second month. At the end of the first week of therapy, 7/10 (70%) of the treated patients became HBV-DNAp negative. However, in the fifth month only 2 patients remained HBV-DNAp negative and also became HBV-DNA and HBeAg negative. In contrast, no changes in viral markers among control cases were observed. In conclusion, rIFN-alpha has an antiviral effect on chronic HBV infection; however, the induction plus maintenance schedule is not useful to obtain a permanent effect. PMID- 3501275 TI - Induction of glycoprotein biosynthesis in activated B lymphocytes. AB - Resting murine splenic B lymphocytes (B cells) can be stimulated to proliferate by exposure to a variety of polyclonal activators. To investigate changes in glycoprotein synthesis that occur during the activation process, N-glycosylation activity was assessed by following the incorporation of [2-3H]mannose into dolichol-linked oligosaccharide intermediates and glycoprotein after B cells were exposed to anti-immunoglobulin M (anti-mu). Stimulation of B cells by anti-mu resulted in a dramatic induction of N-glycosylation activity. The incorporation of radiolabeled mannose into oligosaccharide-lipid increased 9-fold while the rate of labeling of glycoprotein increased 27-fold between 18 and 38 h after exposure to anti-mu. Maximal stimulation of N-glycosylation activity was observed at an anti-mu concentration of 20-50 micrograms/ml. Similar results were obtained when B cells were activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), another polyclonal activating agent. The major dolichol-bound oligosaccharide labeled during the induction period was determined to be Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 by HPLC analysis. Nearly full induction of oligosaccharide-lipid synthesis and protein N glycosylation was also seen when DNA synthesis was suppressed by activating B cells with anti-mu in a serum-free medium, or by activating with anti-mu or LPS in the presence of hydroxyurea. The results suggest that the N-glycosylation pathway is induced during the G0 to G1 transition or during the G1 period, and that entry into S phase is not required. These studies describe a striking developmental increase in N-glycosylation activity and extend the information on biochemical changes occurring during the activation of B cells. PMID- 3501276 TI - Older age onset rheumatoid arthritis with or without osteoarthritis. AB - The clinical features of a group of 79 patients with older age onset rheumatoid arthritis (ORA) were compared with those of a group of 414 patients with younger age onset rheumatoid arthritis. The ORA group contained approximately equal numbers of men and women, were less rheumatoid factor positive, had a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lower HLA-DR4 positivity, and a tendency towards larger joint involvement at the onset of the disease. These features have been reported by many authors except for the lower DR4 positivity. Of these features, the lower prevalence of rheumatoid factor positivity and the tendency towards larger joint involvement at the onset were characteristic of a subset of patients with ORA who had had osteoarthritis before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. It is suggested that osteoarthritic large joints may be susceptible to the occurrence of rheumatoid synovitis at the onset of the disease, but that the osteoarthritis inducing factor may be negatively related to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3501278 TI - [Who's afraid of the Streptococcus?]. PMID- 3501277 TI - Proteinase-inhibitor activity in sera of patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri. PMID- 3501279 TI - [Bilateral testicular hypertrophy and congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - This study reports the case of a 5 1/2 year-old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency) and bilateral testicular hypertrophy. Microscopic and ultrastructural examinations did not show any nodular tumor or crystalloids or Reinke. However, interstitial cell hyperplasia was present which may have resulted in testicular enlargement. The patient had a younger brother also presenting with 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency but with bilateral cryptorchidism. This suggests that ACTH hypersecretion alone is unlikely to be responsible for testicular enlargement. PMID- 3501280 TI - [Differences in the cyto- and angioarchitectonics of the ventral horns of the spinal cord in higher and lower vertebrates]. AB - When comparing structures of the ventral horns of the spinal cord in amphibia (Rana esculenta) and Carnivora (cat, dog), it has been stated that in the latter, together with increasing number of neurons their blood supply is improving. This is demonstrated as a growing density of the capillary network in the cerebral substance and increasing number of capillaries within 25 mcm around the neuronal bodies. Glial surrounding of the neurons changes considerably. Both in the amphibia and Carnivora astrocytes and oligodendrocytes play the role of neuronal satellites. But in the amphibia astrocytes as satellites occur much more often than oligodendrocytes. This is evidently connected with a low blood supply and with certain peculiarities of metabolic processes in the cerebral tissue. PMID- 3501281 TI - High risk factors for cancer of the endometrium among Japanese women. PMID- 3501283 TI - Intestinal parasitism: a survey of patients attending an antenatal clinic in the new territories of Hong Kong. PMID- 3501282 TI - Changing trends of maternal mortality in developing countries. PMID- 3501284 TI - Open heart surgery in the elderly. AB - Of 3254 open heart surgical cases performed since 1972, 126 patients (3.9%) were 70 years of age or older. The mean age was 72 years, the oldest being 82. Sixty seven per cent were male. The following procedures were performed: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 51, aortic valve replacement (AVR) 44, AVR + CABG 16, mitral valve replacement (MVR) 3, MVR + CABG 6, MVR + AVR 4, and other, 2. Of those undergoing CABG, 33% came from the Coronary Care Unit and 24% had left main coronary artery stenosis. There was one peri-operative death (2.0%). Of those undergoing AVR, 43% had coronary artery disease and 13% triple vessel disease. Operative mortality for AVR, and AVR + CABG was 11.4% (5/44) and 18.8% (3/16), respectively. Twenty-six per cent of operative survivors had significant postoperative complications (excluding atrial arrhythmias). The postoperative hospital stay for CABG, AVR and other cases was 11, 13 and 16 days, respectively. Seven year survival of all patients was 61.2 +/- 6.5% (+/- 1 SE) and for AVR +/- CABG was 51.5 +/- 8.6%. Five year survival for CABG was 83.9 +/- 6.3%. We conclude that, in selected cases, CABG can be performed safely in the elderly. Although valvular and combined surgery may result in significant morbidity and mortality, the satisfactory long term results in survivors justifies surgery in this group of patients. PMID- 3501285 TI - Genetic relation among the readiness to self-stimulate the lateral hypothalamus, two-way avoidance learning, and the proportions of hippocampal synaptic fields in the regio inferior. PMID- 3501286 TI - Epidermal growth factor increases collagen production in granulation tissue by stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and not by activation of procollagen genes. AB - The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on granulation-tissue formation and collagen-gene expression were studied in experimental sponge-induced granulomas in rats. After daily administration of 5 micrograms of EGF into the sponge, total RNA was extracted from the ingrown granulation tissue at days 4 and 7 and analysed by Northern hybridization for the contents of mRNAs for types I and III procollagens. EGF treatment increased procollagen mRNA, particularly at day 4. To determine whether this elevation was due to increased proliferation of collagen producing fibroblasts or to activation of collagen-gene expression in these cells, fibroblast cultures were started from granulation tissue and treated with EGF. These experiments confirmed that EGF is a potent mitogen for granuloma fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of EGF treatment on radioactive hydroxyproline production in cultured cells was inhibitory. The decreased rate of collagen synthesis was also indicated by decreased amounts of procollagen mRNAs. The results suggest that the stimulation of wound healing and collagen production by EGF is due to increased fibroblast proliferation, and not to increased expression of type I and III procollagen genes. PMID- 3501288 TI - One-step processing of the amphibian vasotocin precursor: structure of a frog (Rana esculenta) "big" neurophysin. AB - Vasotocin-associated neurophysin (MSEL-neurophysin) from the frog Rana esculenta has been isolated and sequenced through tryptic and staphylococcal proteinase peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments. This protein appears homologous to the mammalian vasopressin-associated neurophysin with a C-terminal glycopeptide extension homologous to the mammalian copeptin. In contrast to the two-step processing of mammalian vasopressin/MSEL-neurophysin/copeptin precursor, a single cleavage is therefore involved in the processing of the amphibian vasotocin/neurophysin precursor. It appears that the physiological release of the vasopressin-like hormone from the N-terminal end of the protein precursor is not dependent upon a previous trimming of the C-terminal copeptin-like moiety. PMID- 3501287 TI - Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) causes a persistent increase in steady state amounts of type I and type III collagen and fibronectin mRNAs in normal human dermal fibroblasts. AB - It has been previously shown that transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is capable of stimulating fibroblast collagen and fibronectin biosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms involved in TGF beta stimulation of fibroblast biosynthetic activity. Our results indicate that TGF beta causes a marked enhancement of the production of types I and III collagens and fibronectin by cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. The rate of collagen production by fibroblasts exposed to TGF beta was 2-3-fold greater than that of control cells. These effects were associated with a 2-3-fold increase in the steady-state amounts of types I and III collagen mRNAs and a 5-8-fold increase in the amounts of fibronectin mRNAs as determined by dot-blot hybridization with specific cloned cDNA probes. In addition, the increased production of collagen and fibronectin and the increased amounts of their corresponding mRNAs remained elevated for at least 72 h after removal of TGF beta. These findings suggest that TGF beta may play a major role in the normal regulation of extracellular matrix production in vivo and may contribute to the development of pathological states of fibrosis. PMID- 3501289 TI - Primary structure of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene. AB - The human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene was isolated from a human gene library. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequencing analysis revealed that this gene is approximately 7.5 kb long and is separated into four exons by three introns. The gene has multiple transcription start points and examination with a single-laser cell-sorter showed that it is located on chromosome 5. PMID- 3501290 TI - Specific binding sites for [3H]inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate on membranes of HL-60 cells. AB - Membranes of HL-60 cells were shown to possess saturable binding sites for [3H]inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate, with nanomolar affinity (KD = 90 nM) and a density of 250 fmol/mg protein. The specificity of the binding sites for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was assessed by competition studies utilising a variety of inositol polyphosphates; results indicated that both the presence and the correct grouping of the phosphates were important for high affinity recognition. The apparent affinity of the binding sites for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was over 200-fold greater than for Ins(1,4,5)P3. The possibility is discussed that this binding site represents the receptor which mediates the action of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 as a putative intracellular second messenger. PMID- 3501291 TI - Extraction of osteocalcin from fossil bones and teeth. AB - Osteocalcin (also called 'bone Gla-protein') was detected in fossil bovid bones ranging from 12,000 years to 13 million years old and in rodent teeth 30 million years old. Both the antigenic activity and the protein-bound Gla-residues have remained intact. The protein is indistinguishable from recent bovine osteocalcin when analyzed by HPLC using ion exchange and size exclusion columns. If sufficient amounts can be extracted and an adequate purification procedure is established, this would be the first time that amino acid sequences in a protein from fossil bones may be determined. Such sequence data could offer a new approach to the phylogenetic study of extinct taxa. PMID- 3501292 TI - Inositol 1,2-cyclic 4,5-trisphosphate is formed in the rat parotid gland on muscarinic stimulation. AB - Hawkins et al. [Hawkins, P.T., Berrie, C.P., Morris, A.J., and Downes, C.P. (1987) Biochem J. 243, 211-218] were unable to find any formation of inositol 1,2 cyclic 4,5-trisphosphate on muscarinic stimulation of rat parotid slices, contrary to what has been found in mouse pancreas and in platelets. We have repeated the studies of Hawkins et al. using [3H]inositol-prelabelled rat parotid minilobules and our improved HPLC method for clearly separating the three inositol trisphosphates. Substantial amounts of inositol 1,2-cyclic 4,5 trisphosphate formed on muscarinic stimulation of rat parotid minilobules, amounting to 5% of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate at 10 sec and one third of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate at 5 min. PMID- 3501293 TI - Effects of knife-cut lesions of the medial forebrain bundle in self-stimulating rats. AB - Unilateral frontal-plane knife-cut lesions were made in the anterior medial forebrain bundle ipsilateral to a lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation electrode. Behavioral effects of the knife cut on self-stimulation reward and operant performance capacity were measured via the reward summation function method. Knife cuts placed at the level of the anterior commissure were ineffective in altering reward or motor/performance capacity, whereas knife cuts just posterior in the caudal lateral preoptic area degraded reward and sometimes impaired motor/performance capacity. In a second experiment, knife cuts placed posterior to the ventral tegmental area were ineffective unless they intruded on the ventral tegmental area itself. Several small knife cuts placed just anterior to the ventral tegmental were effective in reducing self-stimulation reward. The results are discussed in terms of the anatomical substrate of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation reward and as a first step in a larger mapping study. PMID- 3501294 TI - Structural studies on the murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. AB - Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein hemopoietic growth factor which regulates the production of granulocytes and macrophages. Reversed-phase microbore high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to purify a number of tryptic and Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase peptides generated from approximately 400 pmol G-CSF purified from medium conditioned by lungs from mice previously injected with endotoxin. N-Terminal amino-acid sequence analyses were performed on the parent polypeptide and on four tryptic peptides and one Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease peptide, yielding 68 unique amino-acid assignments; this corresponds to approximately 38% of the molecule. PMID- 3501295 TI - Inhibition of urokinase by protein C-inhibitor (PCI). Evidence for identity of PCI and plasminogen activator inhibitor 3. AB - Human protein C-inhibitor (PCI) was isolated from human citrated plasma by combining rivanol precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and affinity chromatography on dextran sulfate Sepharose. The purified PCI migrated with the beta-globulins and was free from protein contaminations as judged by immunoelectrophoresis. In SDS-PAGE under reducing and unreducing conditions PCI showed a single band at Mr = 57,000. The specific activity of the inhibitor was 226 units/mg. Surprisingly, the isolated PCI inhibited the amidolytic activity of urokinase (u-PA) on Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA (S 2444) in a time-dependent manner. Heparin, dextran sulfate and pentosanpolysulfate accelerated the reaction catalytically. PCI revealed itself as a non-competitive inhibitor of u-PA. The Ki-value was determined to be 7.9 x 10(-8)M. Inhibition of amidolytic activity was found to be associated with the formation of an 1:1 equimolar complex with a Mr of 110,000 as demonstrated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and following Western blotting technique using polyclonal antibodies against u-PA and PCI. The specific activity of the isolated PCI of 226 units/mg, which approximates the theoretical value of pure PCI, indicates a highly purified preparation of PCI. The heparin-dependent inhibition of urokinase by this highly purified protein as well as comparison of the kinetic data and amino-acid composition of both PCI and the recently described plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 3 give high evidence of identity of PCI and PAI-3. PMID- 3501296 TI - [Value of immunological studies in various forms of cardiomyopathy]. AB - Immunologic status of 97 patients with dilating cardiomyopathy (DCMP) and 52 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) was studied; total amount of T lymphocytes as well as the amount of T-active lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the test of E- and EAC-rosette formation, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (T mu, T g in the EA-rosette formation reaction were determined. HLA-typing in the microlymphocytes toxic test was performed. It was determined that the amount of B and T-lymphocytes as well as the amount of T mu- and Tg-lymphocytes in patients with HCMP does not practically differ from that in normal subjects. Antigens 27, DR1 and DR4 were proved to be HLA-markers of HCMP. Reliable decrease in the amount of T mu and Tg cells as well as NK cells in patients with DCMP compared to that in normal subjects and patients with HCMP was observed. The study of HLA antigens distribution in patients with DCMP revealed greater prevalence of DR1 and DR4 antigens. PMID- 3501297 TI - [Use of microsurgery in the treatment of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Coronary artery bypass operations with the use of microsurgery were performed in 60 patients with diffuse forms and distal levels of coronary artery lesions. In 55 patients aortocoronary bypass operations, and in 5 patients mammary-coronary bypass operations were performed (total of 213 distal anastomoses). During the operation and in immediate postoperative period 3 patients (5%) died, 3 patients developed the intraoperational myocardial infarction. Microsurgery has good prospects in operations of coronary arteries. PMID- 3501298 TI - [Artificial circulation in microsurgery of the coronary arteries]. AB - Results of 69 aortocoronary bypass operations with the use of microsurgery equipment were analysed. Perfusion was performed under conditions of constant flow, which made it possible to avoid transmissive pulsation, making difficulties for creating microanastomoses. One venous double opening canule was used with no drainage of the left ventricule, which made cannulation easier and created optimal technical conditions for the surgeon. Duration of extracorporeal blood circulation and frequency of intraoperational complications (cardiac failure, myocardial infarction) depended on the operational methods: initial creation of proximal anastomoses resulted in decreased duration of the perfusion, improved protection of myocardium and lower number of complications. PMID- 3501299 TI - Quality of the vaccines used in the prevention of bacterial diseases in children in Argentina during 1980-1986. PMID- 3501300 TI - Immunochemistry of some bacterial oligosaccharide protein conjugates. PMID- 3501301 TI - Bone loss and biochemical indices of bone remodeling in surgically induced postmenopausal women. AB - In a cross-sectional study in 214 women who had undergone bilateral oophorectomy up to 12 years previously, the maximal rate of bone loss, as judged by radiogrammetry of the metacarpals and by dual-photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine, coincided with the peak of the dissociation between urinary hydroxyproline excretion and/or plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity and the activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase. A significant negative correlation was found between the prevalence of the biochemical indices of bone resorption relative to bone formation and/or biochemical indices of bone resorption and the change in the metacarpal cortical area per year. The prevalence of bone resorption relative to bone formation was evident even 12 years after oophorectomy, indicating continuous imbalance of bone remodeling in the patients. Accordingly, the rates of 2.8% cortical and 8% trabecular bone loss per year on the first year after oophorectomy decreased exponentially but did not become asymptotic with the slow phase of bone loss in healthy women up to 12 years after oophorectomy. PMID- 3501302 TI - A genetic marker for rheumatic heart disease. AB - The frequency of antigen types (A, B, C, and DR) in an unselected group of 25 patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease and an unselected group of 15 patients with acute rheumatic fever was compared with that in a group of 100 healthy volunteers. All patients and controls were Arabs of Saudi origin. Only the frequency of HLA-DR4 was significantly different in the controls and the patient groups--controls 12%, chronic rheumatic heart disease 72%, acute rheumatic fever 53%, both patient groups together 65% (relative risk 13.6 with 95% confidence interval 10.5-16.7). Eighty three per cent of 12 patients with mitral stenosis and 70% of seven with aortic incompetence had HLA-DR4 antigen. In 17 non-Saudi Arab patients who had acute rheumatic fever or chronic rheumatic heart disease, the frequency of HLA-DR4 was identical (65%) to that in Saudi patients. These findings may have implications for the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 3501303 TI - Coronary artery surgery and myxoedema. AB - A patient with a preoperative diagnosis of myxoedema had triple vessel coronary artery bypass surgery. The perioperative and postoperative course was essentially uneventful. The most appropriate management of a patient with coronary artery disease who has concomitant myxoedema is first to improve myocardial blood flow by relieving coronary obstruction and then to treat the thyroid deficiency. PMID- 3501304 TI - Effects of hypothermia on somatosensory evoked responses in man. AB - Somatosensory evoked responses after median nerve stimulation were recorded in 21 patients during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. During hypothermia a significant linear correlation (P less than 0.001) was found between evoked potential latency and temperature. Correlation was best for tympanic membrane temperature during cooling and for perfusate temperature (arterial, venous) during rewarming. The increase in latency was more pronounced for middle latency components (N2, N3) and for the early cortical N1 than for the cervical N0 and central conduction time. In all patients N1 was detectable at 26 degrees C, with slightly reduced amplitude. In the rewarming period the changes occurred in the reverse order and pre-bypass values were achieved at normothermia. The slopes of the regression lines were different during cooling and rewarming, when latencies were related to patient (tympanic, nasopharyngeal, rectal) temperature, but identical when arterial or venous blood temperature was used as the reference. No correlation was found between latency and perfusion pressure. We conclude that sophisticated temperature measurement is required to aid the interpretation of evoked responses used during hypothermia. PMID- 3501305 TI - Changes in intraocular pressure associated with the administration of propofol. AB - The effect of propofol on intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 25 patients presenting for elective non-ophthalmological surgery when propofol was used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia (together with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen, and vecuronium). Normocapnia was maintained. After induction of anaesthesia, intraocular pressure was significantly lower than the baseline value; during maintenance IOP never exceeded the preinduction value. There was a temporary decrease in arterial pressure after induction. In nine patients a cutaneous flush was observed and in seven patients there was discomfort on injection. Spontaneous movement in 20% and hiccup in 12% of the patients were observed at the time of tracheal intubation. PMID- 3501306 TI - Issues in brain imaging. PMID- 3501307 TI - Questions and answers in addiction research. PMID- 3501308 TI - Biochemically damaged erythroblasts bind natural serum antibodies and activate complement. AB - Friend leukaemia erythroblasts which had been damaged biochemically by treatment with inhibitors of cellular metabolism (sodium fluoride, sodium azide) or of protein synthesis (cycloheximide, puromycin) were incubated with heat-inactivated or fresh mouse serum and tested for surface-bound IgG and C3c, respectively, by reaction with FITC-immunoconjugates followed by flow-cytofluorometry. Erythroblasts exposed to sodium azide, cycloheximide or puromycin showed specific binding of IgG; the extent of binding was related to the concentration of the drugs and duration of treatment. Moreover, prolonged exposure of the cells to the inhibitors of protein synthesis lead to a dose-dependent activation of complement. The results suggest that the opsonization of biochemically-damaged Friend leukaemia erythroblasts with IgG and C3 may facilitate their interaction with macrophages. PMID- 3501309 TI - Lymphokine mediated production of an epidermal cell proliferation factor by cultured murine bone marrow cells. AB - The effect of cultured bone marrow cell supernatant (BMS) was studied on the proliferative response of cells of the transformed murine epidermal cell line Pam 212. Elevated DNA synthesis was found in Pam 212 cells cultured with BMS from bone marrow cells grown in spleen cell conditioned medium with concanavalin A (ConA). Pam cell proliferative activity was related to the histamine content in the culture supernatant. Neither spleen cell conditioned medium with IL1, IL2, or IL3 activity, nor ConA alone, showed any effect on Pam cell growth. A soluble mediator from the cultured bone marrow cells with mast cell characteristics was thought to be responsible for the stimulation of Pam cell growth, and Con A appeared to be a prerequisite for generation of this factor by the bone marrow cells. PMID- 3501310 TI - Response to minoxidil in severe alopecia areata correlates with T lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Mitogen-induced T cell blastogenesis was determined in 47 patients with severe alopecia areata, before and after treatment with topical 5% minoxidil, and compared with control values. The group of 36 responders, who demonstrated terminal hair regrowth, showed significantly increased lymphocyte stimulation with concanavalin A and PHA before treatment, which decreased towards control values following hair regrowth. Lymphocytes from non-responders showed no significant differences from controls either before or after treatment. The results suggest that enhanced T cell blastogenesis may predict the response of severe alopecia areata to topical 5% minoxidil therapy. PMID- 3501311 TI - Elimination of T cells from human peripheral blood and bone marrow using a cocktail of three anti-T cell immunotoxins. AB - Four anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies were coupled to ricin-A and tested for their ability to kill T cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow using a clonogenic assay to quantify T cell survival. The immunotoxins (IT) prepared from RFT11 (CD2) and WT1 (CD7) antibodies were the most toxic to peripheral blood T cells. The immunotoxin prepared from RFT1 (CD5) was the next most efficient toxin and the immunotoxin prepared from RFT8 (CD8) was the least toxic. When these reagents were applied to peripheral blood cells at 3 x 10(-8) M the number of T cell colonies was reduced by an average of 95%, 94%, 84% and 50%, respectively. Peripheral blood T cells from different donors showed marked variability in their sensitivity to ITs. However, a cocktail of three ITs prepared from RFT11, WT1 and RFT1 gave superior and consistent killing (mean 99.9%; range 99.8-100%) of peripheral blood T cells from six donors. When this cocktail was applied to bone marrow cells from six donors, an average of 99.6% (range 99.5-99.8%) of the T cells were killed. Under the same conditions there was little or no reduction in the number of normal haematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, CFU-Meg and BFU-E). PMID- 3501312 TI - In vitro multimerization of human von Willebrand factor from its subunits. AB - von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein composed of subunits having an estimated molecular mass of 220-240 kDa which are linked by disulphide bonds. Intact, unreduced vWF, has ristocetin co-factor activity, which is lacking in the reduced subunits. To determine whether reduced vWF subunits are capable of being re-multimerized vWF was purified, reduced and then subsequently dialysed in the absence of reducing agents. (1) Purified vWF, (2) reduced vWF, and (3) reduced and dialysed vWF were compared for size composition and for ristocetin co factor activities. SDS-PAGE showed that the purified vWF failed to enter the gels, while the reduced vWF migrated to a position consistent with a mass of approximately 240 kDa. Reduced and subsequently dialysed vWF subunits multimerized into larger forms, most of which did not enter the gels. No residual 240 kDa material was detectable following remultimerization. vWF multimer analysis confirmed the loss of monomer in the reduced and dialysed material and the appearance of new multimers with a size range smaller than the native material. Reduced vWF showed no detectable ristocetin co-factor activity, while the re-multimerized material regained some activity. Thus, we deduce that vWF can spontaneously re-multimerize from its reduced subunits and regain a small but measurable quantity of ristocetin co-factor activity. PMID- 3501313 TI - Pre-eclampsia in a women with homozygous PiZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Case report. PMID- 3501314 TI - Rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 LM2: roles of substrates, inhibitors, and cytochrome b5 in modulating the partition between productive and abortive mechanisms. AB - Cytochrome b5 (b5) enhanced the rate of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation by rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 LM2. The effect was saturable and can be analyzed as the sum of two effects: a decrease in the KM for the substrate and an increase in the Vmax. When two substrates were present simultaneously, they competed in a complex way depending on the presence of b5. Various substrates at low concentrations inhibited 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylation in a competitive-like way. Only a part of the P-450 activity was found to be affected by this mode of inhibition. Higher inhibitor concentrations caused a new kind of inhibition characterized by much higher half-effect values. The pattern seemed dependent on the ability of the inhibitors to be metabolized and was dramatically changed by the addition of b5. The relative rates of P-450-dependent NADPH oxidation and hydrogen peroxide and water formation were determined as well as their dependence on substrate and b5. A steady-state kinetic model that includes two branch points for water, hydrogen peroxide, and product formation is proposed. The model allows a full prediction of the b5 effects and seems consistent with most of the steady-state and rapid kinetic data available in the literature. PMID- 3501315 TI - Primary structure of Paim I, an alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces corchorushii, determined by the combination of Edman degradation and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - Paim I, a protein alpha-amylase inhibitor, inhibits animal alpha-amylases from pig, dog, cow, horse, etc. but has no activity against human salivary and pancreatic amylases. The primary structure of Paim I has been determined by Edman degradation and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS). This protein is a single-chain polypeptide of 73 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight from the sequence data of 7415.3 (monoisotopic molecular weight) and 7420.2 (average molecular weight). The sequencing strategy chosen for Paim I consists of four steps. First, the accurate molecular weights of the intact and tetra-S-carboxymethylated Paim I are determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Second, the primary fragments generated by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease are isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weights of these subpeptides are determined by FABMS. The peptides that must be sequenced are selected by the molecular weights of these subpeptides and the tetra-S-carboxymethylated Paim I. Third, these subpeptides and the whole protein are sequenced by automated Edman degradation. Finally, the primary structure of tetra-S-carboxymethylated Paim I is confirmed by the combination of tryptic, chymotryptic, and S. aureus V8 protease digestion and FABMS. The sequence of Paim I is compared with those of Haim II, Hoe-467A, Z-2685, and AI 3688 because they have different alpha-amylase inhibition spectra against mammalian alpha-amylases but belong to a family of related proteins. PMID- 3501316 TI - fd gene 5 protein binds to double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides poly(dA.dT) and poly[d(A-T).d(A-T)]. AB - Circular dichroism (CD) data indicated that fd gene 5 protein (G5P) formed complexes with double-stranded poly(dA.dT) and poly[d(A-T).d(A-T)]. CD spectra of both polymers at wavelengths above 255 nm were altered upon protein binding. These spectral changes differed from those caused by strand separation. In addition, the tyrosyl 228-nm CD band of G5P decreased more than 65% upon binding of the protein to these double-stranded polymers. This reduction was significantly greater than that observed for binding to single-stranded poly(dA), poly(dT), and poly[d(A-T)] but was similar to that observed for binding of the protein to double-stranded RNA [Gray, C.W., Page, G.A., & Gray, D.M. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 175, 553-559]. The decrease in melting temperature caused by the protein was twice as great for poly[d(A-T).d(A-T)] as for poly(dA.dT) in 5 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), pH 7. Upon heat denaturation of the poly(dA.dT)-G5P complex, CD spectra showed that single stranded poly(dA) and poly(dT) formed complexes with the protein. The binding of gene 5 protein lowered the melting temperature of poly(dA.dT) by 10 degrees C in 5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7, but after reducing the binding to the double-stranded form of the polymer by the addition of 0.1 M Na+, the melting temperature was lowered by approximately 30 degrees C. Since increasing the salt concentration decreases the affinity of G5P for the poly(dA) and poly(dT) single strands and increases the stability of the double-stranded polymer, the ability of the gene 5 protein to destabilize poly(dA.dT) appeared to be significantly affected by its binding to the double-stranded form of the polymer. PMID- 3501317 TI - Inhibition of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - The hydrophobic carbodiimide dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) has been shown to inhibit the catalytic (C) subunit of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.3) in a time-dependent, irreversible manner. The rate of inactivation was first order and showed saturation kinetics with an apparent Ki of 60 microM. Magnesium adenosine 5'-triphosphate (MgATP) was capable of protecting against this inhibition, whereas neither a synthetic peptide substrate nor histone afforded protection. Mg alone afforded some protection. When the catalytic subunit was aggregated with the regulatory subunit in the holoenzyme complex, no inhibition was observed. The inhibition was enhanced at low pH, suggesting that a carboxylic acid group was the target for interaction with DCCD. On the basis of the protection studies, it is most likely that this carboxylic acid group is associated with the MgATP binding site, perhaps serving as a ligand for the metal. Efforts to identify the site that was modified by DCCD included (1) modification with [14C]DCCD, (2) modification by DCCD in the presence of [3H]aniline, and (3) modification with DCCD and [14C]glycine ethyl ester. In no case was radioactivity incorporated into the protein, suggesting that the irreversible inhibition was due to an intramolecular cross-link between a reactive carboxylic acid group and a nearby amino group. Differential peptide mapping identified a single peptide that was consistently lost as a consequence of DCCD inhibition. This peptide (residues 166-189) contained four carboxylic acid residues as well as an internal Lys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501318 TI - Heat capacity and entropy changes of the two major isotypes of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) parvalbumins induced by calcium binding. AB - The possible structural changes of the two major isotypes (PA1 and PA2) of parvalbumins from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) skeletal muscle caused by Ca2+ binding have been analyzed by microcalorimetric titrations. Titrations of the parvalbumins with Ca2+ have been made in both the absence and presence of Mg2+ at pH 7.0 and at 5, 15, and 25 degrees C. The reactions of the parvalbumins with Ca2+ are exothermic in both the presence and absence of Mg2+ and at every temperature. But the contributions of enthalpy and entropy changes are variable; Mg2+-Ca2+ exchange on PA1 at 25 degrees C is driven almost entirely by a favorable enthalpy change, whereas Ca2+ binding to PA2 at 5 degrees C is driven for the most part by a favorable entropy change. The magnitudes of the hydrophobic and internal vibrational contributions to the heat capacity and entropy changes of the parvalbumins on Ca2+ binding and Mg2+-Ca2+ exchange have been estimated by the empirical method of Sturtevant [Sturtevant, J. M. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 2236-2240]. Although PA1 (beta) and PA2 (alpha) belong to genetically different lineages, the parvalbumins indicate very similar conformational changes to each other on both Ca2+ binding and Mg2+-Ca2+ exchange. On Mg2+-Ca2+ exchange, the vibrational as well as hydrophobic entropy is slightly increased in a parallel manner. In contrast, on Ca2+ binding, the hydrophobic entropy increases but the vibrational entropy decreases. The increase in the hydrophobic entropy indicates the sequestering of nonpolar groups from the surface to the interior of molecules, while the changes in the vibrational entropy suggest that the overall structures are tightened on Ca2+ binding but loosened on Mg2+-Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 3501320 TI - Network Physician Organization and Guidelines for Reviewers of Rheumatic Disease Care. PMID- 3501319 TI - Molecular evolution of serpins: homologous structure of the human alpha 1 antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes. AB - alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin belongs to a supergene family that includes alpha 1 antitrypsin, antithrombin III, ovalbumin, and angiotensinogen. The human chromosomal alpha 1-antichymotrypsin gene has been cloned and its molecular structure established. The gene is approximately 12 kb in length and contains five exons and four introns. The locations of the introns within the alpha 1 antichymotrypsin gene are identical with those of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin and angiotensinogen genes. Other members of this supergene family contain introns located at nonhomologous positions of the genes. The homologous organization of the alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes corresponds with the high degree of homology between their protein sequences and suggests that these loci arose by recent gene duplication. A model is presented for the evolution of both the genomic structure and the protein sequences of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. PMID- 3501321 TI - Differential selectivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and nitric oxide in smooth muscle. AB - The selectivity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and nitric oxide (NO) on smooth muscle relaxation was examined and compared. EDRF released from was examined and compared. EDRF released from bovine pulmonary arterial endothelium (BPAE) in culture and NO were superfused over vascular, tracheal, gastrointestinal and uterine smooth muscle. EDRF relaxed vascular smooth muscle but not tracheal, gastrointestinal or uterine smooth muscle. NO relaxed vascular and gastrointestinal smooth muscle but not tracheal or uterine smooth muscle. There was a differential selectivity between the relaxant effect of EDRF and NO on smooth muscle. PMID- 3501322 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent non-endothelium-dependent inhibitor of coronary vasomotor tone. AB - 1 Ring segments of bovine left circumflex coronary artery were pre-contracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine or phenylephrine and then exposed to increasing concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and other drugs. 2 CGRP administration resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of induced tone. Maximal relaxation to CGRP was 89 +/- 5% and the concentration required to achieve 50% maximal relaxation (EC50) was 2.11 +/- 1.35 X 10(-9)M. 3 CGRP-induced relaxation was not affected by removal of endothelial cells nor was it significantly altered by incubation of coronary vessels with atropine, propranolol, phentolamine (all 10(-6)M) or indomethacin (10(-5)M). 4 From these data we conclude that CGRP is a potent inhibitor of coronary artery vasomotor tone which appears to act directly on vascular smooth muscle rather than through the release of a secondary mediator. These data support the possibility that CGRP may play a role in non adrenergic, non-cholinergic regulation of coronary artery tone. PMID- 3501323 TI - The Social Breakdown syndrome in the elderly population living in the community: the Helping Study. AB - A representative sample of elderly people residing in the community was examined to establish their psychiatric status. An interview with a close friend or relative, focusing on a one-week period in 1981, was used to investigate each subject's functional limitations and troublesome behaviour, these being the two components of the Social Breakdown Syndrome. The data from the sample were weighted to allow estimates of the characteristics of the general population. No cases of SBS at its most extreme were identified, and almost the entire population was found to be functioning at an adequate or near-adequate level: all cases of severe SBS were attributable to troublesome behaviour. Severe SBS was shown to increase with age and to be most common in non-white males. Persons with dementing disorders were more likely than their non-demented counterparts to show severe/moderate SBS, but in the majority of cases of SBS there was no mental disorder. PMID- 3501324 TI - Local immune responses after intravesical BCG treatment for carcinoma in situ. AB - The lymphoid cellular infiltrates in the bladder biopsies from patients with carcinoma in situ before and after BCG intravesical therapy have been determined and characterised. This has been achieved using a panel of monoclonal antibody probes in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. These studies have revealed the predominance of T-cells of the helper/inducer phenotype (T4+), beta-lymphocytes (B1+) and macrophages (Leu M3+, 3.9+) in bladder biopsies after BCG therapy. HLA.DR antigens were also expressed on the lymphoid cells infiltrate as well as the urothelial cells. These results suggest that the components of an active immune response were present and enhanced in the bladder wall after BCG therapy. PMID- 3501325 TI - The presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - This study demonstrates the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay, together with gel-permeation and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The median immunoreactive CGRP (i-CGRP) level from 158 CSF specimens was 8.0 pmol/l, as measured with an antiserum recognizing the whole molecule of CGRP (CC 2/1) and 12.0 pmol/l with an antiserum recognizing the C-terminal region of CGRP (CG-39). CSF samples with high protein concentration (greater than or equal to 0.6 g/l) had a median level of i-CGRP of 18.4 pmol/l when measured with antiserum CC-2/1 and 23.0 pmol/l with CG-39, while samples with 'normal' protein concentrations (less than 0.6 g/l) had much lower values, with median levels of 7.0 and 11.0 pmol/l, with the two antisera, respectively. Gel-permeation chromatography and HPLC studies revealed multiple peaks of i-CGRP, consistent with forms with different molecular weights. However, on HPLC, the major peak of i-CGRP corresponded to the elution position of the synthetic hCGRP(1-37) and was able to bind to a CGRP specific receptor preparation suggesting that it may be biologically active. PMID- 3501326 TI - Voltage-clamp studies of the inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid response by glucocorticoids in bullfrog primary afferent neurons. AB - Acute effects of glucocorticoids on the response to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were examined in primary afferent neurons in bullfrog spinal ganglia, using intracellular and voltage-clamp recording techniques. Prednisolone and hydrocortisone (5 microM to 1 mM) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the amplitude of GABA-induced depolarization, while having no effect on the membrane potential and resistance of the neuron. Prednisolone depressed the muscimol induced depolarization. Nipecotic acid, a blocker of GABA uptake, did not influence the inhibitory action of prednisolone. Voltage-clamp analyses showed that the inward current induced by an iontophoretic application of GABA (GABA current) was suppressed by prednisolone and hydrocortisone. The depression of the GABA current is neither due to a blockage of open channels nor a facilitation of the desensitization of GABA receptors. Prednisolone shifted the dose-response curve of the GABA current downward. The double-reciprocal (Lineweaver-Burk) plot showed that the maximum GABA current was reduced by prednisolone, suggesting a non-competitive antagonism. These results suggest that glucocorticoids suppress the GABA-induced chloride current, decreasing the number of functional channels associated with GABAA receptor. PMID- 3501327 TI - Spatial arrangement of the vestibular and the oculomotor system in the rat. AB - The treatment of the spatial aspects of vestibular sensation, ocular movement near primary position, and their neural processing requires numerical information about the directions of maximal sensitivity of the semicircular canals (SCC), the direction of gaze at primary position, and the directions of eye rotation generated by each individual extraocular muscle (EOM). A good approximation of this information can be gained from stereotaxic measurements of the geometrical arrangement of the canals' bony structure, from measurements of the pupil's orientation, and from measurements of the directions of muscle pull as well as of the center of eye rotation. The results of measurements in pigmented rats are given as unit sensitivity vectors and unit action vectors in head-fixed coordinate systems and compared with data from rabbit, cat, monkey, and human. The misalignment of 'coplanar' SCC with 2.5-15.6 degrees is second only to humans, while the misalignment of the vectors of 'antagonistic' EOM with 27.2-39 degrees is even more oblique than in humans and thereby even more so than in the other mammals. Misalignment of SCC and 'corresponding' EOM with 15.5-34.2 degrees again is largest, followed by that in humans and then the other mammals. The rat may therefore be useful in studying those mechanisms by which the central nervous system deals with the obliqueness of systems that play such an important role in humans, too. PMID- 3501328 TI - [An interleukin-2 preparation for the production of T-lymphocyte clones]. PMID- 3501329 TI - Genetically stable human hybridomas secreting tumor-reactive human monoclonal IgM. AB - Human lymphocytes obtained from regional draining lymph nodes of patients with cancers of the cervix, kidney, prostate, and vulva were immortalized by polyethylene glycol-mediated somatic cell hybridization with either human UC 729 6 or murine P3-NS-1-Ag4-1. Four reactive human IgM-secreting hybridomas, termed CLNH5, MHG7, VLN1H12, and WLNA67 were isolated and characterized. Hybrids obtained by fusions with UC 729-6 have remained tetraploid for over 18 months, have doubling times from 25-35 hours, and have continuously secreted approximately 0.5-5.0 micrograms IgM/10(6) cells/ml per day. MHG7, a mouse-human hybrid, required subcloning every 4-6 months to maintain human IgM secretion. Binding of these human monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against a panel of cell lines was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA). CLNH5 reacted with carcinomas of the cervix, lung, and vulva. MHG7 reacted with carcinomas of the prostate, stomach, and vulva. VLN1H12 reacted with carcinomas of the cervix, lung, prostate, stomach, and vulva. WLNA6 reacted strongly with a carcinoma of the lung. All four human MoAbs failed to react by EIA with hematopoietic cells or normal fibroblast cell lines. The data suggest that regional draining lymph nodes of cancer patients have been primed to produce antibodies against antigens associated with tumor cells and that UC 729-6 served as a genetically suitable vector for the capture and immortalization of these Ig-secreting B lymphocytes. PMID- 3501330 TI - Clinical pathology. PMID- 3501331 TI - Perioperative myocardial infarction with coronary artery surgery: diagnosis, incidence and consequences. AB - Perioperative myocardial infarction is a potential consequence of coronary artery bypass surgery. The diagnosis is difficult due to multiple factors including postoperative chest discomfort, serum enzyme elevations and nonspecific electrocardiographic changes. No one test is reliable, but a combination of electrocardiogram, MBCK serum enzyme analysis and technetium pyrophosphate scanning should increase the probability of correct diagnosis. Using this method, the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction in this study was six out of 100. Left ventricular function in the early postoperative period was adversely affected by perioperative myocardial infarction with a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (63 +/- 9% preoperative to 54 +/- 12% postoperative; P less than 0.05), whereas left ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged in the absence of perioperative myocardial infarction. The long term left ventricular function, however, appears to recover, and at two years after surgery there was no difference in rest or exercise left ventricular function between patients who suffered perioperative myocardial infarction versus those who did not. All patients with perioperative myocardial infarction survived to be discharged from hospital, and all returned for follow-up at two years. Their functional and work status was no different from those without perioperative myocardial infarction. This would suggest that, if patients survive a perioperative myocardial infarction, their long term functional status is no different from those patients without perioperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 3501332 TI - Elective aortocoronary bypass grafting in the elderly. AB - Operative mortality, postoperative morbidity and follow up data were analyzed retrospectively from 122 consecutive patients, over 65 years old undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass grafting for symptomatic relief of angina pectoris at the Plains Health Centre, Regina, Saskatchewan, from January 1980 to December 1985. There were two in-hospital deaths (operative mortality 1.6%). Definite perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 12 patients (9.8%). The 120 survivors were followed for a mean of 32 months. There were three deaths during follow-up, giving a five-year probability of survival of 93%. Twenty-three clinical events (including deaths) occurred during follow-up, giving a five-year probability of event free survival of 72%. Ninety percent of patients say they are pleased with their operation. Seventy-eight percent are currently angina free. These data illustrate the effectiveness of aortocoronary bypass grafting in low risk elderly patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. PMID- 3501333 TI - Corneal hydrops in Terrien's marginal degeneration: an unusual complication. AB - Spontaneous rupture of Descemet's membrane occurred in a 76-year-old woman with a 20-year history of Terrien's marginal degeneration. This resulted in corneal hydrops characterized by a clear cystic space filled with aqueous humour that formed between the epithelium and Descemet's membrane. This case represents an unusual complication of Terrien's marginal degeneration. PMID- 3501334 TI - The superficial vascular hyaloid system in the eye of the frogs, Rana temporaria and Rana esculenta. Scanning electron-microscopic study of vascular corrosion casts. AB - The angioarchitecture of the superficial vascular hyaloid system (membrana vasculosa retinae) of the frog eye was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. The terminal vessels form a single layered sheath intimately adjacent to the vitreal side of the avascular retina. The hyaloid system is subdivided by the ventral venous trunk into three central areas: the dorsal, the temporo-ventral, and the naso-ventral area. Toward the ora serrata, the hyaloid system is bordered by an arterial ring, and by nasal and temporal venous branches forming more or less complete hemicircles. A vascular zone composed of several tongue-like sectors establishes an interconnection between the peripheral vascular rings and the central areas of the fundus. The arterial blood is supplied from the arterial ring. The drainage of the hyaloid system is provided via two routes: (1) the Y-shaped ventral trunk collects blood from the central areas, (2) the two peripheral venous branches drain the tongue like sectors. The vessels within the dorsal area follow preferentially a dorso ventral meridional direction. This densely capillarized territory corresponds in localization to the area centralis retinae. The ultrastructure of microvessels of the hyaloid system is characterized by features typical for capillaries of the central nervous system. PMID- 3501335 TI - Anti-mycoplasmal activity of a new macrolide: miocamycin. AB - The object of this study was the evaluation of the activity of miocamycin and other macrolides (erythromycin and josamycin) against 61 Ureaplasma urealyticum, 1 Acholeplasma laidlawii and 21 aerobe mycoplasmas (M. pneumoniae, M. hominis, M. gallisepticum, M. mycoides) and anaerobe mycoplasmas (M. morale and M. salivarium) both clinically isolated and standard reference strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values for miocamycin ranged between 0.00625 mg/l and 0.4 mg/l (ureaplasmas) and between 0.001 mg/l and 0.0625 mg/l (mycoplasmas, except M. hominis with 0.025 mg/l to 0.25 mg/l). For erythromycin, the MIC values ranged between 0.19 mg/l up to 500 mg/l (ureaplasmas) and between 0.001 mg/l to 0.0625 mg/l (mycoplasmas, except M. hominis with 100 mg/l to 1000 mg/l). MIC values for josamycin ranged between 0.03125 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l (M. pneumoniae only). The sub-MIC treatment (carried out on human pathogenic mycoplasmas only) evidenced growth curve modifications and a decrease of the O2 uptake directly correlated to the drug concentrations. PMID- 3501336 TI - [Nursing care of hemorrhage of esophageal and gastric fundus varices complicated by hepatic coma]. PMID- 3501337 TI - [4 cases of successful use of indomethacin eyedrops]. PMID- 3501338 TI - [The Haguenau automatized Farnsworth 100 Hue test]. PMID- 3501340 TI - Public health significance of intestinal parasitic infections. WHO Expert Committee. AB - Intestinal parasitic infections are distributed virtually throughout the world, with high prevalence rates in many regions. Amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection and trichuriasis are among the ten most common infections in the world. Other parasitic infections such as abdominal angiostrongyliasis, intestinal capillariasis, and strongyloidiasis are of local or regional public health concern. The prevention and control of these infections are now more feasible than ever before owing to the discovery of safe and efficacious drugs, the improvement and simplification of some diagnostic procedures, and advances in parasite population biology. PMID- 3501339 TI - [Bilateral posterior luxation of the crystalline following epilepsy crisis]. PMID- 3501341 TI - Third meeting of the WHO Collaborating Centres on AIDS: memorandum from a WHO meeting. PMID- 3501342 TI - Colorimetric and thin-layer chromatographic methods for field assay of chloroquine and its metabolites in urine. AB - Three field-adapted methods for the quantification of the antimalarial drug chloroquine are described. Two of the methods are modifications of the Haskins test and are based on ion-pair formation between chloroquine and methyl orange in either dichloromethane or chloroform. Absorbance values measured at 420 nm with a hand-held, battery-operated filter photometer were linearly related to chloroquine concentrations in urine up to 100 mumol/l (32 mug/ml) for both methods. The contribution of the desethylchloroquine metabolite to the measured absorbance for both methods is less than that of chloroquine; the relative sensitivity for this metabolite is about 50% of that of chloroquine for both methods. The detection limit for modification I is 1 mumol/l (0.3 mug/ml), while that for modification II is 3 mumol/l (1 mug/ml). A single dose of chloroquine diphosphate (300 mg as base) administered to each of three volunteers yielded detectable levels by modification I of chloroquine in the urine for 28 days after dosing. Results for the colorimetric methods correlated well with the liquid chromatographic reference method used. The related thin-layer chromatographic method confirmed the presence of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in the urine and permitted independent estimation of the concentration of these two compounds if desired. The two colorimetric methods may be used in remote locations where no electricity is available. PMID- 3501343 TI - A prospective survey of the outcome of pregnancy in a rural area of the Gambia. PMID- 3501344 TI - Fatal parathion poisoning in Sierra Leone. AB - In May and June 1986, 49 persons in Sierra Leone were acutely poisoned by the organothiophosphate insecticide, parathion. Fourteen people died. Illness occurred in three episodes at two different locations that were 44 km apart. A study of 21 cases and 22 household controls was undertaken to explore which factors were associated with the development of the symptoms. Cases were more likely than controls to have eaten bread in the 4 hours before becoming ill (odds ratio, 12.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-83.8). Scrapings of residue from the floor of the truck that had brought the wheat flour from the mill to the general store where the baker purchased it were positive for parathion, suggesting that the flour had been contaminated during transport. Pesticide poisoning is a common problem in the developing world, and public health measures such as restricting the use of parathion may help to prevent fatal poisonings. PMID- 3501345 TI - Survival of insects in the wheel bays of a Boeing 747B aircraft on flights between tropical and temperate airports. AB - Mosquitos (Culex quinquefasciatus), house flies (Musca domestica), and flour beetles (Tribolium confusum) located in cages within the wheel bays of a Boeing 747B aircraft, survived travel on the following normal commercial routes: Sydney Melbourne; Melbourne-Singapore; Singapore-Bangkok; Bangkok-Singapore; and Singapore-Melbourne. Survival of all three species was high, averaging 84% for mosquitos and higher for flies (93%) and beetles (>99%). Although external temperatures were -42 degrees C to -54 degrees C for aircraft cruising at 10 700 11 900 m, minimum temperatures within the wheel bays ranged from +8 degrees C to +25 degrees C. PMID- 3501346 TI - Interleukin-1 activity from human cord blood monocytes. AB - Cord blood monocyte synthesis of IL-1 was investigated by using a thymocyte proliferation assay. Monocytes from 27 infants ranging in gestation from 31 to 41 weeks (mean 38.9, SE 0.54) with birthweights from 1.20 to 4.31 kg (mean 3.24, SE 0.13) were isolated from cord blood; 2 x 10(5) cells/ml were plated in 15 mm wells and stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml LPS (E. coli). Control cultures contained medium alone. Supernatants were harvested after 24 hr and tested in a C3H/HeJ mouse thymocyte proliferation assay. The mean response for 27 cord monocyte samples at 24 hr was 14,142 cpm (SE 1,499), not significantly different than that for cells obtained from eight normal adult volunteers (15,137 cpm, SE 3,535). Vaginally delivered infants with perinatal complications such as amnionitis, fetal distress, or early sepsis had significantly increased unstimulated activity (5,139 vs 1,331 cpm) compared to samples from normal infants, whereas stimulated activity was not significantly different (16,219 vs 12,261 cpm). Thus, the IL-1 response to lipopolysaccharide is intact in newborn human monocytes and there is evidence of an increased unstimulated activity following neonatal complications. PMID- 3501347 TI - Comparison of plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and antigen in plasma samples. AB - A double antibody radioimmunoassay for determination of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-inhibitor) in plasma samples has been developed. The reliability of the method as assessed by determining the specificity, the accuracy, the detectability and the variability seems sufficient for use in clinical practice. The correlation between PA-inhibitor antigen as measured with this method and PA inhibitor activity as measured with a spectrophotometric assay in 111 patients with thrombotic diseases was very good (r = 0.89). As calculated from the regression line or from the mean activity and mean antigen values a specific activity of about 800,000-900,000 arb U/mg was obtained for PA-inhibitor in these samples. In 15 healthy individuals a similar figure was obtained. The results suggest that PA-inhibitor in most plasma samples is fully active or close to fully active. PA-inhibitor activity and PA-inhibitor antigen have also been measured after venous occlusion. The data suggest that small amounts of PA inhibitor is released on venous occlusion, but at the same time an inactivation takes place, most likely due to the formation of enzymatically inactive complex with simultaneously released t-PA. PMID- 3501348 TI - Family study of the major histocompatibility complex in HLA DR3 negative patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to be governed by genes in the HLA region of the 6th chromosome. From previous studies it has not been possible to distinguish between the effects of null genes for the complement component C4 and HLA-DR3, because of the marked linkage disequilibrium between DR3 and a null allele of C4A (C4A QO) in caucasoid populations. We report here an immunogenetic study of 44 cases of SLE, selected because they were DR3 negative. Eighteen of the 30 Caucasoid cases (60%) had extended HLA haplotypes with a C4 null allele, compared with 22 of 60 (37%) of a control panel of 60 DR3 negative normal Caucasoid subjects. This difference is significant (chi 2 = 4.41; 0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01). Of 14 non-caucasoid patients analysed, 10 had a C4 null allele. It is concluded that the null alleles of the C4 A and B genes are themselves directly responsible for conferring susceptibility to SLE. PMID- 3501349 TI - Oestrogen induced suppression of collagen arthritis: I. Long term oestradiol treatment of DBA/1 mice reduces severity and incidence of arthritis and decreases the anti type II collagen immune response. AB - Experimental animal models can be used to help understand how oestrogen modulates autoimmune arthritis. We have previously shown that castration of female DBA/1 mice exaggerates arthritis induced with type II collagen. This report shows that treatment of castrated DBA/1 mice with low doses (0.2 micrograms twice a week) of beta-oestradiol reduces the incidence (37% vs 78% in controls) and severity (3.9 vs 5.6 mean scores) of arthritis. Levels of IgG anti type II collagen antibodies are decreased whereas levels of IgM antibodies are increased in the beta oestradiol treated mice. The T cell response, as measured by a 3H-thymidine assay, is reduced in the beta-oestradiol treated mice. The results suggest that treatment with low doses of beta-oestradiol exerts a suppressive effect on both development of collagen arthritis as well as T cell dependent immune reactivity towards type II collagen. PMID- 3501350 TI - Interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in Heymann nephritis. AB - Interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration in rats during the development of autoimmune Heymann nephritis (HN) was studied using the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) technique. The results were compared with those obtained by immunohistochemical studies of infiltrating T helper (T-h) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (T-s) cells, and with traditional histopathological and immunofluorescence examinations. Three weeks after initial immunization with isolated tubular brush border antigen, when the histopathological finding was quite normal, FNAB revealed increased numbers of interstitial blast cells, large granular lymphocytes and activated lymphocytes. These increases reached significant levels 2 weeks after a booster injection and were still prominent in a few rats with manifest membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) and proteinuria 14 weeks after initial immunization. Immunohistochemical staining 3 weeks after immunization showed a significant increase in T-h cells in peritubular regions. Infiltration decreased successively 2 weeks after the booster and during manifest MGN. On the other hand, the mean number of cortically infiltrating T-s cells successively increased during the course of the study and this increase had reached a statistically significant level 2 weeks after the booster. Prominent T s infiltration appeared in a few rats 2 weeks after the booster and when MGN was histopathologically manifest, and it was then associated with histopathologically detectable interstitial mononuclear infiltration and also with blast cell infiltration in FNAB. Our results suggest linkage between tubulointerstitial lesions in HN and cell-mediated immunoreactivity, and that severe interstitial inflammation is associated with T-s cell infiltration. Cytological interpretation indicated that infiltrating blast cells were plasmablasts, which may imply local antibody production, especially since anti-brush border antibody titres and blast cell infiltration simultaneously reached maximum levels 2 weeks after the booster. PMID- 3501351 TI - Renal mononuclear inflammatory cell populations in membranous glomerulonephritis: a fine-needle aspiration biopsy study. AB - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) technique was applied to the detection of alterations in renal inflammatory cell subsets in seven healthy control persons and 24 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Eighteen of the patients had nephrotic syndrome, and the rest had either persistent proteinuria or remission of the disease. Only one patient showed impaired renal function. Compared with the controls, FNAB revealed a significantly (p less than 0.01) increased number of mononuclear inflammatory cells (MIC, the sum in increment percentages of lymphocytes and monocytes) in MGN. This was mainly due to relative lymphocytosis; the number of monocytes was high particularly in patients with daily urine protein excretion in excess of 5 g. The duration of the disease did not clearly correlate with the degree of lympho- or monocytosis. In nine patients the results of the renal needle biopsy and FNAB could be compared. Biopsy revealed signs of MIC infiltration in 5/9 patients and FNAB in 7/9 patients. T lymphocyte subsets in FNAB and peripheral blood were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio in FNAB was 0.96 +/- 0.07 (s.e.m.) in patients and 1.49 +/- 0.12 in controls (p less than 0.01). In peripheral blood these ratios were 0.8 +/- 0.07 and 1.43 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.001), respectively. The alterations were due to a decreased number of OKT4 positive lymphocytes. These studies suggest an associated interstitial accumulation of MIC and an imbalance between T helper/inducer and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in MGN. PMID- 3501353 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a 5-year epidemiologic and clinical study in Reggio Emilia, Italy. AB - Among the population of Reggio Emilia, Italy, 56 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) were identified during the 5-year period 1981-85. The average annual incidence rates of PR and GCA were 12.8 and 8.8 respectively per 100,000 population aged 50 years or older. Forty-nine patients were followed up and the mean duration of follow-up was 32 months. All the patients received steroid therapy. We have evaluated the cumulative probability of requiring continued steroid therapy between patients with PR only, GCA only, and PR associated with GCA using life-table methods with permanent discontinuation of therapy as an end point. The different duration of steroid therapy between these 3 groups did not achieve statistical significance by the method of Lee and Desu. We identified a 5 variable discriminant function that correctly predicted whether the duration of therapy would be longer or shorter than 16 months (median duration of therapy) in 80% of our patients followed up for at least 24 months. The presence of synovitis in PR is also discussed. PMID- 3501352 TI - Class II MHC antigen expression on epithelial cells of salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Class II MHC molecules are two-chain glycoproteins normally expressed only on the membrane of cells involved in the immune response. These molecules are restriction elements for helper T cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of biopsied salivary glands we have demonstrated epithelial expression of class II antigens in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. The HLA DR+ epithelial cells were seen in close proximity to lymphocyte infiltrates. The finding that class II molecules are also expressed in salivary glands without focal lymphocytic infiltrates suggests a "modulation" as opposed to "induction" of HLA DR antigens on epithelial cells in Sjogren's syndrome, the distinction being related to the enhancement of low levels of expressions vs. de novo synthesis. PMID- 3501354 TI - Epidemiologic survey of juvenile chronic arthritis in France. Comparison of data obtained from two different regions. AB - An epidemiologic survey of JCA was carried out in two regions of France, the western part of Paris and Brittany, differing in terms of geological background and demography. The prevalence was 0.77 and 0.100% and the incidence 0.019 and 0.013%, respectively. The type of onset, the course of the disease, the immunological data and the degree of final disability were similar in both regions. These data were compared to other studies and the factors of possible discrepancy analysed. PMID- 3501355 TI - Enzyme immunoassays for the detection of IgG and IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies: clinical significance and specificity. AB - A solid phase Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was developed for the measurement of IgG and IgM antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). This method is sensitive, specific, relatively simple and suitable for routine use. Thus, we evaluated sera from 224 Greek patients with the following autoimmune rheumatic diseases: 54 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 50 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 30 patients with scleroderma, 20 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (IRP) and 29 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Sera from 119 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors were tested as normal controls. The presence of both IgG and IgM anti-dsDNA highly correlated with SLE. However, IgM anti-dsDNA levels were significantly lower. Serum complement C3 and C4 levels correlated negatively with anti-dsDNA levels in the SLE group. Finally, in sequential sera from five SLE patients, the anti-dsDNA activity proved to be a relatively sensitive marker of SLE activity. PMID- 3501356 TI - SPECT imaging of myocarditis. AB - Gallium-67 citrate has been useful in providing scintigraphic evidence for pericarditis and myocarditis. However, the differentiation between pericardial and myocardial localization is difficult with planar images alone. SPECT can be valuable in making these distinctions, and a case of myocarditis is presented in which uptake of Gallium is shown to lie within the heart, correlating with the histologic proof. PMID- 3501357 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis chorioamnionitis: a report of two cases and a review of the pathogenic role of G. vaginalis in obstetrics. AB - Two patients with chorioamnionitis due to Gardnerella vaginalis are described. Institution of tocolytic therapy for preterm labor is associated with maternal complications of septic hypotension and pulmonary edema in one patient. Diagnostic modalities, specifically culturing techniques, are discussed, as well as suspected pathophysiologic mechanisms. PMID- 3501358 TI - Demonstration of inflammatory cell population changes in rat lungs in response to intratracheal instillation of spring wheat dust using lung enzymatic digestion and centrifugal elutriation. AB - The inhalation of grain dust by grain workers is responsible for a large number of pulmonary pathophysiologies. These problems may be acute or chronic and may be mediated by the chronic activation of the immune system. Constant inflammatory states in the lung may eventually lead to tissue damage and respiratory deficit. This study was designed to measure the changes in the relative number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar spaces, and lung interstitium that occur in response to intratracheally instilled airborne spring wheat dust in rats. It was found that 6 h after instillation with dust, neutrophils were present in greater numbers in the blood and bronchoalveolar spaces than in lung interstitium. After 24 h, there appeared to be a larger number of neutrophils in the lung interstitium in dust-instilled animals than in saline-instilled controls. These results indicate that intratracheal instillation of grain dust initiates an acute inflammatory reaction, and that there is an initial influx of neutrophils into the air spaces of the lung followed by transit of these cells into the lung interstitium. PMID- 3501359 TI - Affinity difference of adenosine deaminases for the purine riboside epoxyactivated Sepharose 6B column. AB - The small-size adenosine deaminase (Mr = 35,000 and 43,000) in calf intestinal mucosa, frog liver and scallop adductor muscle and the large-size deaminase (Mr = 100,000) in frog liver probably formed by adding a conversion protein to the small enzyme, were tightly bound to the purine riboside affinity column. Binding of the other large-size enzymes (Mr = 140,000) in the midgut gland of scallop and mussel to the column was not successful. It seems that the binding difference does not depend on a change in affinity between active site and ligand but rather on the stereospecific positioning of active site in the enzyme molecules. PMID- 3501360 TI - Isolation of fibroblast proliferation factor: distinction from interleukin-1. PMID- 3501361 TI - [Population and family study of ankylosing spondylitis and clinical uses of HLA B27 determination]. PMID- 3501362 TI - Early loss of blue-sensitive color vision in patients with type I diabetes. AB - Existing methods for early detection of ocular injury from diabetes have serious limitations. We describe a new method, measuring visual flicker discrimination of the blue-sensitive mechanism of vision. This method is noninvasive, quantitative, and capable of distinguishing two types of impairment. Blue-flicker discrimination was measured in 10 adults with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes for less than 5 yr. Although no evidence of diabetic changes was detected by careful ophthalmic examination by an experienced ophthalmologist, 12 of 19 eyes (63%) had flicker discrimination scores considered abnormal in comparison with those of a control group, and 8 of 10 subjects (80%) had at least 1 eye with abnormal performance. In all but 2 abnormal eyes the deficit of blue-flicker discrimination was of the "absorptive" type, suggesting increased absorbance or scattering of blue light in the optical media. These data show that a functional impairment of vision can be measured very early in the course of type I diabetes, before visible retinopathy is present, and suggest this test procedure may have both investigative and clinical applications. PMID- 3501363 TI - Electrophysiological study of the pigmentfarbenamblyopie. AB - The spectral sensitivity of the rapid off-response in the electroretinogram is found to be abnormal in some cases of Pigmentfarbenamblyopie or congenital red green color deficiency. We hypothesize that there exists a fragile cone mechanism in these cases which show an abnormality in spectral sensitivity of the rapid off response. PMID- 3501364 TI - Comparative vestibular toxicity study with 3-O-demethylfortimicin A disulfate and gentamicin sulfate in cats. AB - 3-O-demethylfortimicin A disulfate (ODMF), a novel aminocyclitol antibiotic, was administered subcutaneously for three months to groups of male and female cats at 15, 30 or 60 mg base/kg/day. Gentamicin sulfate (GS) at doses of 6 and 13 mg base/kg/day served as a reference compound. Signs of vestibular toxicity were considered to include persistent unsteady gait and stance, impaired righting reflex and abnormally diminished postrotatory vestibular nystagmus. Renal toxicities produced by ODMF and GS were also determined and compared. ODMF at 15 and 30 mg base/kg/day produced no signs of vestibular toxicity, while a dosage of 60 mg base/kg/day of ODMF produced vestibular toxicity in 7/10 cats. Three affected male cats died or were killed in moribund condition between study days 49 and 64. Vestibular toxicity was observed in 10/10 cats treated with GS at 13 mg base/kg/day and in 3/10 cats at 6 mg base/kg/day. All ten cats treated with GS at 13 mg base/kg/day died or were killed in moribund condition between study days 30 and 81. The deaths and moribundity in cats treated with ODMF or GS were attributed to renal toxicity. The vestibular toxicity and nephrotoxicity produced by ODMF and GS were more severe in male cats than in females. In conclusion, ODMF given at doses up to 60 mg base/kg/day for three months induced comparatively less vestibular toxicity and renal pathology than did GS at a dose of 13 mg base/kg/day. PMID- 3501365 TI - [How semen ejaculation can be induced in men with spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 3501367 TI - Combined deficiency of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase in an 8 years old girl. PMID- 3501366 TI - Some novel techniques of clinical electrophysiology applied to the management of brachial plexus palsy. PMID- 3501368 TI - Promoter and enhancer elements in the rearranged alpha chain gene of the human T cell receptor. AB - We cloned and compared the sequence of a rearranged human T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha J alpha gene and its germline counterparts. The only difference in the coding region sequence was confined to the joining region where three nucleotides, TTG, unaccountable by either V alpha or J alpha sequence, were present. By nuclease S1 mapping we identified the mRNA start of the alpha chain 70 nucleotides upstream from the initiator ATG. A 600 bp fragment containing the sequences upstream to the ATG drives the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. This promoter activity is T cell specific since it can be demonstrated in human T cells but not in B cells or HeLa cells. A 1.1 kb BamHI- HindIII fragment located 5' to the first exon of the C alpha gene was found to enhance transcription from either the heterologous SV40 promoter or the homologous TCR alpha chain promoter. This enhancement activity was independent of the location of the fragment with respect to CAT and was specific to lymphoid cells (either T or B cells) but cannot be demonstrated in HeLa cells. PMID- 3501369 TI - Molecular cloning of two CD7 (T-cell leukemia antigen) cDNAs by a COS cell expression system. AB - The human CD7 antigen (gp40) is a cell surface glycoprotein found on thymocytes and mature T-cells. It is one of the earliest antigens to appear on cells of the T-lymphocyte lineage, and the most reliable clinical marker of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. This report describes the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a full length CD7 cDNA, and of a cDNA for an unusual intron-bearing precursor. The DNA sequence of the clone predicts a highly glycosylated membrane protein with homology to members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and no relationship to known oncogenes. Over-expression of CD7 RNA was observed in only one T-cell tumor line, and genomic DNA rearrangement was not observed in any lines. Prompted by a recent suggestion that CD7 plays a role in IgM binding, COS cells expressing CD7 were tested and found not to bind IgM or IgM immune complexes. PMID- 3501370 TI - The structure of cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin. Insights into the molecular mechanism of Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion. AB - We have determined the amino acid sequence of the Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin as it appears on the cell surface. The extracellular part of the molecule exhibits three internally repeated domains of 112 residues which are most likely generated by gene duplication. Each of the repeated domains contains two highly conserved units which could represent putative Ca2+-binding sites. Secondary structure predictions suggest that the putative Ca2+-binding units are located in external loops at the surface of the protein. The protein sequence exhibits a single membrane-spanning region and a cytoplasmic domain. Sequence comparison reveals extensive homology to the chicken L-CAM. Both uvomorulin and L CAM are identical in 65% of their entire amino acid sequence suggesting a common origin for both CAMs. PMID- 3501371 TI - Ly1+ PRO-B lymphocyte clones. Phenotype, growth requirements and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. AB - Several clones obtained from the bone marrow of a BALB/c mouse were found to contain the heavy and light chain Ig genes in the germline configuration, to express Ly1 and to carry the B cell lineage markers B-220, Lyb8 and BP-1; these clones are Pgp-1+, LFA-1+, J11d+, Mac-1+ and Thy1-, Lyt2-, L3T4-, GM1.2- and Ia-. Three clones analyzed in detail (Lyd9, LyH7 and Lyb9) have receptors for interleukin (IL) 2 and IL3 as assessed with the 7D4 and CC11 monoclonal antibodies respectively. They grow in rIL3 but not in rIL2 or rIL1; both rIL4 and rIL5 also promote their proliferation, albeit to a much lesser extent than rIL3. None of the interleukins tested alone or in various combinations promoted the clones to differentiate in vitro along the B cell pathway. Treatment with 5 Azacytidine (5-Aza) induced cell surface Ia expression but not rearrangement or expression of Ig genes. However, 5-Aza-treated Lyd9, LyH7 and Lyb9 cells co cultured with X-ray irradiated accessory cells and LPS gave rise to Ly1+, IgM+ B lymphocytes (range 14-51%) including mu + kappa + (78-93%), and mu + lambda + (9 25%) B lymphocytes. In vivo, the Lyd9, LyH7 and Lyb9 clones gave rise to IgM+ B lymphocytes (8.5-17%) including mu + kappa +, and mu + lambda +, but not to Lyt2+ or L3T4+ T lymphocytes after 4-6 weeks of transfer into Scid mice. Our results indicate that Ly1+ IgM+ cells comprise a subpopulation of B lymphocytes that is derived from IL3-responsive Ly1+ PRO-B lymphocytes. PMID- 3501372 TI - The in vitro behavior of hemopoietic cells transformed by polyoma middle T antigen parallels that of primary human myeloid leukemic cells. AB - A retrovirus encoding polyoma middle T antigen has been used to infect a murine hemopoietic cell line (FDC-P1) dependent on either granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or multipotential colony-stimulating factor (Multi CSF). A number of cell lines have been established on the basis of their initial ability to proliferate in the absence of added colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The transformed lines display one of three patterns of growth in vitro: those able to grow fully autonomously; those whose proliferation depends on cell density; and those displaying dependence on added CSF regardless cell density. This latter class of cells are reminiscent of the majority of primary myeloid leukemic cells. Unlike parental FDC-P1 cells, all three classes of transformed cells are leukemogenic in syngeneic mice; moreover, they produce variable amounts of GM-CSF which we believe underlies their neoplastic behavior. PMID- 3501374 TI - A new flood phantom to measure homogeneity of gamma cameras and to correct SPECT studies. AB - A new flood phantom is presented. It combines patient like emission spectra, homogeneous activity distribution, and mechanical stability. Its properties and easy handling makes it the flood phantom of choice for measuring the homogeneity of a gamma camera or for correcting SPECT studies. PMID- 3501373 TI - A human T lymphoblastic cell line lacks lamins A and C. AB - Lamins A, B and C, the three major proteins of nuclear envelope, constitute a class of intermediate filament polypeptides. We have compared the amount of these polypeptides in two human cell lines, epithelial HeLa cells and T lymphoblasts KE 37. It was found that the three lamins were present in roughly equimolar stoichiometry in HeLa cells, while lamin B was the unique lamin component in T lymphoblasts. Moreover, 3-kb mRNA of lamin A and 2.1-kb mRNA of lamin C were detected with a human cDNA probe in HeLa cells but not in T lymphoblasts. These results suggest that (i) lamin B can build up the lamina structure in actively dividing somatic cells by itself, and (ii) lamin expression in lymphoid cells may be subject to important quantitative variations. Comparison of the lamin composition of human cloned T lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphocytes confirmed this statement. The lamin B level was nearly equivalent in both cells but the content of lamins A and C varied to a large extent, being low in T cells and high in B cells. PMID- 3501375 TI - Prospective randomized comparison of two prophylactic regimens with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in leukemic children: a two year study. AB - Between 1 July 1984 and 30 June 1986 all children treated for acute hematologic malignancy at our center were randomized to receive continuous (group A) or intermittent (3 days/week, group B) prophylaxis with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (5-25 mg/kg/day/p.o.) against interstitial pneumonia with the aim of investigating if an intermittent regimen is as effective as and less toxic than a continuous regimen. The number of severe infections (group A, 17; group B, 21) and side-effects (group A, 30; group B, 34) was similar in the two groups, and compliance was also similar. We conclude therefore that neither regimen offers advantages over the other and the decision which to use should be based on cost (where regimen B has the advantage) and the children's and parents' preferences and compliance. PMID- 3501376 TI - Erythromycin ethyl succinate: diffusion through interstitial dermal fluid. AB - Erythromycin is widely used in dermatology. There are few studies of its diffusion in the skin. The diffusion of erythromycin ethyl succinate (EES) in dermal fluid has now been investigated by the suction blister method. Suction blister fluid (SBF) and blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers before administration of 1 g EES and 10 times during the following 24 h. The median peak serum level was 2.05 micrograms/ml and in SBF it was 0.34 microgram/ml. The median ratio of the areas under curves (f SBF/f serum) was 43%. In all subjects EES concentrations in SBF between the second and twelfth hours exceeded 0.1 g/ml. The results show good diffusion of EES through normal skin from the second to the twelfth hours after oral administration. PMID- 3501377 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide increases survival of a musculocutaneous critical flap in the rat. AB - Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was shown to increase the survival area of ischaemic tissue from 45% in control animals to about 90% in treated animals. This effect was demonstrated in a musculocutaneous flap model in the rat. The concentrations used were 2 X 10(5) times lower than those known to cause an increase in skin blood flow under normal conditions. Treatment with one single dose up to 36 h postoperatively was found to increase the flap survival area. It is suggested that the mechanism/s by which CGRP increases survival of ischaemic tissue may be different from vasodilation or that the sensitivity is altered during ischaemic conditions and that CGRP may be a powerful tool to reduce ischemia in various clinical conditions. PMID- 3501378 TI - Arterial endothelium-derived relaxing factor (AEDRF) does not suppress papillary muscle or portal vein contractions. AB - 10(-6) M EDRF released from perfused arterial donor segments in a superfusion bioassay system, either spontaneously or stimulated by acetylcholine, did not inhibit the contractility of electrically stimulated right ventricle papillary muscle of pig, rabbit and rat. EDRF also did not inhibit spontaneously contracting rat portal vein and thus relaxed precontracted arterial rings denuded of endothelium. The results suggest that EDRF released by arterial endothelial cells is a local modulator of arterial smooth muscle and is not important for extraarterial tissue regulation. PMID- 3501379 TI - Neonatal T cells as a model system to study the possible in vitro senescence of lymphocytes. AB - In this study long-term neonatal T-lymphocyte cultures were initiated from cord blood following alloantigenic stimulation. Growth curves and population doublings were measured for replicate cultures, functional and phenotypic analyses performed, and cells were cloned. Thus, newborn T cells were shown to constitute a potentially excellent model for the analysis of possible in vitro senescence of immunologically relevant cells. Certain problems of the system centering around "crisis" periods and reproducibility, were additionally explored. PMID- 3501380 TI - An animal model of allergic alveolitis. PMID- 3501381 TI - [General principles of heart rate control during burst stimulation of the vagus nerve in various animals]. AB - In experiments on frogs, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs and simians the synchronization of cardiac and vagal rhythms was achieved during stimulation of vagus nerve. The relative bounds of the synchronization ranges were not dependent on the species of animal or level of sympathetic activity. In this connection, the whole variety of the cardiochronotropic reactions in vertebrates may be described with a general mathematical equation: B = A (0.769-0.098 log2N), where A is a current heart rate, B--the heart rate during the vagus nerve stimulation with bursts of N supramaximal pulses. PMID- 3501382 TI - [Diffuse idiopathic dysmetabolic hyperostosis and metabolic diseases]. PMID- 3501383 TI - [Hemorrhagic esophageal ulcer following endoscopic sclerosing treatment of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3501384 TI - [Cytological parallels in lymphocytic leukemic and mature-cell leukemization of lymphoma]. PMID- 3501385 TI - [Immunofunctional indicators of peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils in glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of leukocytes]. PMID- 3501386 TI - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. AB - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells are a recently described cellular immune phenomenon with exciting potential for the treatment of tumours arising from solid organs. A comparison of some aspects of LAK cell precursors and LAK cell function was undertaken in 44 control subjects and 44 preoperative patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer (20 localised and 24 advanced). Lymphokine activated killer cell precursor (natural killer (NK) cell) activity was significantly diminished in patients with advanced tumours (p less than 0.02) as was fully mature LAK cell activity against an NK resistant target cell (p less than 0.012). T-lymphocyte responses were not significantly different between the three groups. The reduced LAK cell generation was associated with a significantly diminished proliferative response of LAK precursors to stimulation with high dose IL-2 in vitro (p less than 0.012). Impaired LAK cell generation may explain the failure of adoptive cellular immunotherapy with LAK cells in some patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer and prompts the search for means of augmenting this activity in such patients. PMID- 3501387 TI - Effect of recombinant interleukin 2 on hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis. AB - Eleven patients with hepatitis B (HB) virus related chronic hepatitis were treated with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2). Two hundred and fifty to 1000 units were given intravenously once daily for seven to 28 days. In five patients serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity rose transiently. Six patients showed a decrease in HBV DNA polymerase. One patient lost HBs, e antigens (Ags) and gained anti-HBs, e antibodies, while one lost HBs Ag and another HBe Ag. 2' 5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood did not change during treatment. The number of CD4 positive (helper/inducer) cells and natural killer cell activity increased after therapy (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that rIL 2 acts as an immunomodulatory agent enhancing host immune activity and may be beneficial in patients with chronic HB virus infection. PMID- 3501388 TI - [Cesarean section mortality and fatalities in Bavaria 1983-1986]. PMID- 3501389 TI - Comparison of efficiency of complements from various species for T-cell depletion from Cercopithecus aethiops bone marrow with Campath-1 MoAb in vitro. AB - Mature T-cells were removed from Cercopithecus aethiops monkey bone marrow with Campath-1 MoAb plus complement from various species (man, rabbit and monkey). The T-cell depletion was more effective and stable with rabbit or human complement than with autologous (monkey) complement. The most complete and effective lytic function to T-cells was found in the case of rabbit complement. Rabbit complement can be used successfully to deplete bone marrow T-cells of C. aethiops with Campath-1 in vitro. PMID- 3501390 TI - [Langerhans histiocytosis involving the central nervous system]. PMID- 3501391 TI - [Hereditary corneal dystrophies in the Aachen area]. PMID- 3501392 TI - Incidence of keratoconus in spring catarrh. PMID- 3501393 TI - Androgen binding in cultured human fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic hypospadias. AB - Androgens stimulate development and growth of the external male genitalia. Since hypospadias represents the most common congenital abnormality in the male newborn and the mechanism of action in this disorder is still unclear, androgen binding was assessed in cultured fibroblasts from biopsies from genital skin of 10 patients with idiopathic hypospadias. For comparison, binding was determined in corresponding samples from 8 males with normal penile development and from 9 patients with known androgen resistance syndromes (testicular feminization, Reifenstein syndrome, pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias). Finally, binding was measured in 10 samples of nongenital skin. Maximum specific binding (Bmax) in idiopathic hypospadias varied from 3.2 to 15.5 (median 6.6) fmol.mg protein-1. Bmax in samples of persons with normal genital development was between 12.2 and 17.9 fmol.mg protein-1 (median 13.2). Bmax in samples of patients with known androgen resistance syndromes was exactly in the range reported previously in the literature. It is evident that Bmax in samples of patients with idiopathic hypospadias differs significantly (P less than 0.01), (Mann Whitney U-test) from those with normal genital development. Thus it seems reasonable to conclude that in some patients with idiopathic hypospadias the genital defect is caused by receptor deficiency. PMID- 3501394 TI - Sexual differentiation of androgen-sensitive and estrogen-sensitive regulatory systems for aggressive behavior. AB - CF-1 female mice were treated with either testosterone (T), diethylstilbestrol (DES), or methyltrienolone (R1881) on the day of birth and were subsequently tested for their responsiveness to the aggression-promoting property of androgen or estrogen during adulthood. The results showed that neonatal exposure to androgen enhanced subsequent sensitivity to androgenic stimulation but did not alter responsiveness to estrogens. Neonatal estrogen treatment established the capacity to exhibit aggression in response to estrogenic stimulation in adulthood but had little effect on responsiveness to androgens. These data indicate that the androgenic and estrogenic metabolites of T have distinct roles in masculinization of the neural substrate for aggressive behavior. PMID- 3501395 TI - Adhesion of human T lymphocytes to endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical vein: I. Similar binding patterns of normal and rheumatoid T cells. AB - Interactions between endothelial cells (EC) and cells of the immune system play a major role in the initiation of inflammatory processes. To study these events in vitro, an assay system was developed whereby the adhesion of radioactively labelled T cells to EC was measured in normal donors and patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Human EC were isolated from umbilical cord veins, and peripheral blood T cells labeled with 51Cr were added to these EC cultures and to human foreskin fibroblasts as controls. Specific binding was calculated by subtraction of the radioactivity contained within the fibroblast controls from the total values obtained with EC. Kinetic experiments demonstrated a mean specific EC binding of 18% of total T cells after 2 h of incubation, increasing steadily to a maximum of 47% after 8 h. These results were highly reproducible using the same donors in separate experiments. Comparing normal individuals to patients with RA and SLE, no significant differences were found in adhesion patterns of peripheral blood T cells. PMID- 3501396 TI - Clonal specificity analysis of mitogen-activated murine T lymphoblasts. AB - We have determined the frequencies and specificities of MHC-reactive and MHC restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-p) in mitogen (ConA)-activated splenocytes of normal unprimed mice. The limiting dilution (LD) system supported the growth of one out of three Lyt2+ T cell blasts. The generated CTL-populations lysed blast cell targets specifically as determined by split well analyses. MHC gene product expression was necessary for lysis to occur, since MHC-negative F9 teratocarcinoma cells were not lysed. The frequency determinations and split well analyses revealed: 1) equally high numbers (approximately 1/100) of CTL-p that generated specific allo-MHC or self-MHC reactive CTL populations, 2) high frequencies of CTL-p which recognized hapten (TNP) or minor H (MH)-antigens in the context of self MHC or allo-MHC determinants. The results are discussed with respect to antigen, restriction and receptor specificities of mitogen-activated unprimed T cell blasts. PMID- 3501397 TI - Differential stimulation of mononuclear phagocyte IL 1 production and oxidative burst by tumor-promoting and non-tumor-promoting agents. AB - Adherent bone marrow, spleen and peritoneal mouse macrophages, as well as human peripheral blood monocytes were exposed in vitro to the phorbol ester derivatives 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol 13-monoacetate (PA), phorbol 12-myristate (PM), phorbol 12,13-diacetate (PDA), phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBu), TPA-20 aldehyde (TPA-AL), phorbol 12-retinoate 13-acetate (PRA), 4-alpha TPA (alpha-TPA) and to mezerein (MEZ) and aplysiatoxin (APL). The triggered macrophages/monocytes were tested for the production of an IL 1-like activity by the thymocyte proliferation assay and for H2O2 generation in a quantitative method which is based on the H2O2-mediated and horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red. The results showed that strong first stage and second stage tumor promoters such as TPA, PDBu, PRA, MEZ and APL are also strong stimulators of IL 1 and H2O2 generation, whereas weak tumor promoters exhibited a low, if any, effect at all. The afore-described findings lend support to the idea that chronic inflammatory phagocytes might play a role in the tumor promoting process by furnishing both carcinogenic and growth factors at the site of tumor origin. PMID- 3501398 TI - Antibodies to interleukin-1 raised with synthetic peptides: identification of external sites and analysis of interleukin-1 synthesis in stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - Rabbit antibodies against peptides corresponding to amino acids 1-18, 45-65 and 71-90 of mature human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) precipitated 125I-labelled IL-1 beta, showing that these sites are accessible to antibody and located externally. Immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labelled LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes followed by SDS-PAGE revealed the expected major bands of molecular weights 35,000 and 17,500. The 35,000 protein was found in the cell lysate and extracellularly in the medium, but the 17,500 protein was exclusively in the medium. A previously undescribed 31,000 band was also detected in the medium. These results are most simply explained by the hypothesis that the 35,000 IL-1 beta precursor is released from the cell and processed extracellularly to the 17,500 mature form. The 31,000 molecule may represent a processing intermediate. PMID- 3501400 TI - Interleukin-3 production as a sensitive measure of T-lymphocyte activation in the mouse. AB - Interleukin-3 activity is produced by T cells at an early phase after antigenic stimulation, and its quantitation provides a sensitive and non-destructive method for assaying T-cell activation. It can be detected before increased uptake of [3H]thymidine into DNA occurs, and is more sensitive than measuring [3H]thymidine uptake for low levels of T-cell activation. This method has been shown to be useful in measuring activation of T-cell clones and in detecting antigens that have been blotted onto nitrocellulose. PMID- 3501399 TI - Anti-class II antibodies in AIDS patients and AIDS-risk groups. AB - The specificity of anti-lymphocyte antibodies was evaluated in AIDS patients and in individuals at risk of AIDS [R-AIDS: male homosexuals (Ho) and haemophiliacs (He)]. Antibodies capable of inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against non-T cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines (P3HR-1K and Raji) were detected in AIDS patients and in R-AIDS with positive or negative human immune deficiency virus (HIV) serology. Anti-class II antigen specificity was revealed by experiments in which class II antigens on target cells were blocked with monoclonal anti-class II antibody (DA6,231) and the cytotoxic reaction induced by patient's sera was abolished. In contrast, ADCC was not impaired by preincubating the target cells with anti-class I monoclonal antibody (W6/32). Prevalence of antibodies to non-T cells was confirmed by standard C mediated microlymphocytotoxicity. However, with this technique anti-T lymphocyte cytotoxicity was also observed in three AIDS patients with haemophilia. R-AIDS peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also cytotoxic against autologous non-T cells, and lysis was slightly increased by sensitization of the target cells with autologous serum. In addition to ADCC and C-mediated cytotoxicity, the specificity of anti-lymphocyte antibodies was assayed by their ability to interfere the binding of fluorescein-labelled anti-class II (HLA-DR) and anti class I (W6/32) monoclonal antibodies to PBMC, non-T cells, P3HR-1K and Raji. Anti-class II specificity was confirmed, and antibody titres tended to be higher in Ho than in He R-AIDS, using non-T cells and Raji as targets. Higher titres of anti-class II antibodies in the Ho group could play a role in the different susceptibility of HIV-infected Ho when compared to HIV (+) He to develop AIDS. PMID- 3501401 TI - A factor with interleukin-1-like activity is produced by peritoneal cells from the frog, Xenopus laevis. AB - Thymocytes from juevenile Xenopus laevis did not proliferate in response to commercial preparations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), responded poorly when cultured with the T-cell mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA), and were not co stimulated by PHA plus LPS. However, supernatants (SNs) from LPS-treated cultures of adult Xenopus macrophage-enriched resident peritoneal cells (PCs) enhanced the proliferative responses of thymocytes to a submitogenic dose of PHA. These SNs were incapable of supporting long-term growth of thymic lymphoblast cell lines, and thus could be distinguished from T-cell growth factor (TCGF)-rich SNs, which were essential for propagating these cells. The co-stimulatory activity was present in 0-24-hr SNs; after 48 hr, SN activity declined. No functional cross reactivity of mammalian and Xenopus interleukin-1 (IL-1)-rich SNs was detected. These data are consistent with the proposition that a macrophage-derived factor, functionally homologous with mammalian IL-1, can enhance a T-cell proliferative response in an amphibian. PMID- 3501402 TI - Auto-tumor immunity in patients with solid tumors: participation of CD3 complex and MHC class I antigens in the lytic interaction. AB - In a number of experiments performed with blood lymphocytes of patients, the high density subset lysed autologous tumor cells separated from the surgical specimens. The lysis was abrogated by pretreatment of the effector cells with antibodies (OKT3) directed against the T3 molecule associated with the T cell receptor and by pretreatment of the target cells with antibodies (W6/32) directed against the monomorphic part of the MHC class I antigens. This subset lyses only autologous tumor cells. The selectivity and the characteristics shared with antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) suggest that the auto-tumor lysis by the effectors reflects an immune response against the tumor cells. The low density lymphocytes, separated from the blood, can lyse both auto- and allogeneic tumor cell. In the autologous system, incubation of the effectors with the mAb OKT3 had no inhibitory effect and incubation of the targets with the anti W6/32 mAb inhibited their lysis only in some experiments. The nature of the reactivity of the LD lymphocytes remains to be defined. Whether it is similar to the indiscriminative natural killing or whether part of these lymphocytes are antigen(s) specific and exhibit a high avidity interaction with the target remains to be seen. It is possible that both types of target recognition occur since the LD lymphocyte population is heterogeneous. PMID- 3501403 TI - Comparison of membrane antigens of mouse dendritic cell types. AB - The surface antigens of veiled cells (VC) isolated from the thoracic duct of mesenteric lymphadenectomized (MLNX) mice have been analyzed by means of monoclonal antibodies and compared with those of dendritic cells (DC) from the spleen, lymph node dendritic cells (LNDC) and peritoneal macrophages (PMO). All dendritic cell types were intensely stained with anti-Ia whereas only 11% PMO were labelled. Neither VC, DC or LNDC expressed the two antigens Mac-1 or F4/80 which are present on macrophages. 63% VC and 11-14% DC and LNDC expressed Mac-2, which is a macrophage subpopulation marker. From 11-23% of the dendritic cell types reacted with anti-Mac-3 which recognizes an antigen Mac-3 found on the surface of macrophages and interdigitating cells. Anti-33D1 which reacts with an antigen on DC was also cytotoxic towards a proportion of VC and DC. Anti-NLDC 145, which recognizes an antigen on interdigitating cells and VC from lymph nodes, reacted with 67% isolated LNDC and to a lesser extent with VC from the thoracic duct and DC from the spleen. The results are discussed in the light of possible relationships between these non-lymphoid cells. PMID- 3501404 TI - Immunoglobulin G-binding factors (IgG-BF) inhibit IgG secretion by, as well as proliferation of, hybridoma B cells. AB - Mouse immunoglobulin G-binding factors (IgG-BF) produced either by activated T cells (ATC) or by hybridoma T cells (T2D4) directly inhibit the in vitro IgG secretion by hybridoma B cells. This inhibition affects IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b and can be detected as early as after 2 h incubation of the cells with IgG-BF eluted from non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis gels. Moreover, IgG-BF also exert a strong growth-inhibitory effect on hybridoma B cells without any detectable immediate cytotoxicity. These results provide an experimental basis to analyze the molecular and biological effects induced by IgG-BF on B cells. PMID- 3501405 TI - Multiple dysfunctions in developmental and activational stages of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes in ARC and AIDS patients. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes from ARC and AIDS patients were examined before and after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation by dual color flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies which identify developmental and activational stages of T lymphocytes, B cells and monocytes. There was a persistent elevation in the total number of circulating Ia+ lymphocytes with progressive selection for B1+ Ia+ lymphocytes and T suppressor cells and a concurrent reduction in the antigen presenting monocytes. Following PHA stimulation there was a marked decrease in all subsets of Ia+ lymphocytes and monocytes. These results indicate (a) multicellular dysfunctions in the immunosurveillance mechanisms in AIDS, and (b) that many functional subsets of circulating lymphocytes and monocytes were already activated and therefore poorly responsive to additional antigenic or mitogenic stimuli. PMID- 3501406 TI - Clinical profile of eleven patients of Kartagener's syndrome--certain interesting associations. PMID- 3501407 TI - Suppression of interleukin 2 activity by natural products: effects of serum lipoproteins. AB - The results presented here demonstrate that mouse serum lipoproteins inhibit Interleukin 2 (IL2)-mediated proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Lipoproteins account for a variable portion (29-83%) of the total inhibitory activity of whole serum and are not specific inhibitors of IL2-mediated cell proliferation, as evidenced by their inhibitory activity for non-IL2-dependent MPC 11 cells. Lipoproteins did not accelerate the death of CTLL-2 cells deprived of IL2, indicating that their inhibition of proliferation is not due to toxic effects. Finally, the inhibitory activity of serum and isolated lipoproteins was increased when the donor mice were maintained on a diet high in polyunsaturated fats for 16 days prior to bleeding. These findings provide a basis for future investigations of the relationship between dietary fats, lipoprotein quantity and composition, and alteration of immune responses. PMID- 3501408 TI - In vitro efficacy of augmentin in beta-lactamase producing bacteria. PMID- 3501409 TI - Non-organ specific autoantibodies associated with auto-immune haematologic disorders & systemic autoimmune disease. PMID- 3501410 TI - Seroepidemiology of measles in Delhi: implications for age of vaccination. PMID- 3501411 TI - The effect of immunosuppressive agents on lymphocyte subsets in rat peripheral blood. AB - A method for monitoring circulating lymphocytes subsets in the rat on an automated flow cytometer with monoclonal antibodies was used to ascertain in vivo effects of various doses of immunosuppressive agents. The agents tested were anti lymphocyte serum (ALS), azathioprine (AZA), cyclophosphamide (CTX), cyclosporin A (CsA) and methylprednisolone (MP). Each immunosuppressive agent varied in its capacity to induce changes in T cell subsets and B cell numbers. The rapidity of onset of action of the agents varied considerably; with ALS and MP maximal effects were seen within hours whilst the effects with CsA, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and azathioprine (AZA) took several days to develop. ALS had marked anti-T cell activity but did not selectively affect the T cell subsets. AZA and CTX both exerted their major effect upon the B cell (OX4+) subpopulation. CsA administration was associated with the appearance of many circulating lymphocytes which expressed the pan-T marker (W3/13) but neither of the T cell subset markers (W3/25, OX8). With CsA there was no significant alteration in the W3/25:OX8 ratio, although a persistent decrease in the number of all T lymphocytes was observed after administration of this drug at a dose of 45 mg/kg had ceased. MP was the only drug which had a marked selective effect on a T cell subset. The numbers of circulating Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) reactive lymphocytes (W3/25+) were significantly more depressed than the Class I MHC reactive subset (OX8+). This effect persisted for up to 31 days after the single injection of a depot preparation of this drug, and was found to be associated with prolonged survival of precultured endocrine xenografts. PMID- 3501412 TI - IgG from Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis patients inhibits interleukin-2 production. AB - Patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated dissorders usually demonstrate evidence of immunosupression during active disease. Sera of some patients with EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM), contain an IgG-blocking factor (IM IgG) which inhibits in vitro cell-mediated immune responses and which we postulate plays an important role in viral immunosuppression. We had shown earlier that Isoprinosine (an immunostimulator) has a counterinhibitory effect on this IM-IgG activity. Here we describe evidence showing for the first time that the immunosuppressive activity of IM-IgG is aimed at inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and does not affect IL-2 receptors. PMID- 3501413 TI - Cyclosporine inhibits soluble antigen and alloantigen presentation by human monocytes in vitro. AB - We examined whether cyclosporine (CsA) interferes with human monocyte processing and presentation of soluble and particulate antigens. Human monocytes were pulsed in the presence of CsA with one of three antigens: tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DIP) or cytomegalovirus (CMVx). When these monocytes were co cultured with immunocompetent T-lymphocytes they were found to be impaired in the induction of proliferative and cytotoxic T-cell responses. At CsA concentrations higher that 0.5 micrograms/ml, proliferation induced by the particulate CMVx antigen was markedly more sensitive than that induced by the soluble TT antigen. In the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), pretreatment of responder haplotype monocytes alone with CsA led to reduced reactivity as determined in both proliferative (P less than 0.01) and cell-mediated lympholysis (P less than 0.001) assays. These effects of CsA were not due to direct CsA action of residual CsA carried over with treated monocytes, and were not apparently due to inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) production since exogenous IL-1 could not restore normal responses. PMID- 3501414 TI - A model for chronic study of vascular morphology and reactivity of physically intact rat skin microcirculation. AB - A non-invasive, non-traumatic model has been developed for long term study of the vascular anatomy, blood cell velocity and vascular reactivity of the cutaneous microcirculation of the rat. In the anesthetized rat, the hairless area of a toe close to the nail could be visualized by intravital video microscopy without manipulation of the skin. Good image quality of the vascular bed was obtained with the use of an incident illuminator equipped with a 50% mirror at 45 degrees to the optical axis and a polarizer-analyzer system in combination with a mercury lamp. This microscope system allows for visualization of the superficial vasculature of the skin, while microvessels can be repeatedly identified for several weeks. To test for vascular reactivity off-line analysis of blood cell velocity was performed in the control situation and during reactive hyperemia, using a video dual-window system and a cross-correlator. The mean control velocity in venules selected for testing of vascular reactivity was 70 micron/s. In these vessels a reproducible pattern of reactive hyperemia was seen with a mean peak velocity of 655 micron/s following arterial occlusion of 180 s. Possible applications of the model are discussed. PMID- 3501415 TI - A critical examination of vestibular function in motor-impaired learning-disabled children. AB - This study examined the role of the vestibular system in balance and coordination problems found in motor-impaired, learning-disabled (LD) children. Vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) and vestibulo-spinal tests (moving platform posturography) were performed on 15 learning disabled and 54 normal children. Twelve LD children had normal VOR scores suggesting normal peripheral vestibular inputs. All 15 LD children had abnormal posturography. Motor-impaired LD children could not appropriately integrate vestibular information with visual and somatosensory inputs for postural orientation. Results suggest that the best discriminator of abnormal sensorimotor function in LD children are posturography trials requiring orientation to gravity despite absent or inaccurate visual and somatosensory cues, rather than traditionally relied on VOR and Romberg tests. PMID- 3501416 TI - Radial artery cannulation--a prospective study. PMID- 3501417 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in neonatal disorders of uncertain aetiology. PMID- 3501418 TI - Immunosuppressive activities of deoxyspergualin. II. The effect on the antibody responses. AB - We examined the suppressive effect of a newly developed antitumor agent, 15 deoxyspergualin (DSP), on the plaque-forming cell responses to various antigens. The intraperitoneal injections of DSP at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight suppressed drastically the development of plaque-forming cells in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (0.2 ml of a 5% suspension), trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/mice) and trinitrophenyl-Ficoll (100 micrograms/mice). These suppressive effects were observed when the administration of DSP was started after the injection of antigens. The responsiveness of spleen cells from DSP-treated mice was also checked in in vitro culture. Responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide in vitro was not reduced. Furthermore DSP did not significantly suppress the responsiveness of spleen cells to succinylated concanavalin A or production of interleukin-1 or -2. The results are discussed with regards to the mode of action of DSP on immune responsiveness. PMID- 3501420 TI - In vitro measurement of avidity of radioiodinated antibodies. AB - A determination of the ability of radiolabeled antibodies to bind to their target antigen is an essential step in the initial selection of antibodies for clinical use as well as a quality control measure. In our studies of the 131I-labeled anti Thy 1.1 antibody treatment of murine lymphoma we have used cell binding assays with a combination of Lineweaver-Burk analysis to determine immunoreactivity and Scatchard analysis to determine antibody avidity. Both assays were systematically influenced by target cell fixation and measurement of avidity was dependent on immunoreactivity. For 131I-labeled anti-Thy 1.1 antibody, avidity was a much more sensitive indicator of iodination damage and predictor of in vivo behavior than was immunoreactivity, while for other antibodies immunoreactivity has been a better indicator of labeling damage. Thus, immunoreactivity and avidity assays are complementary and knowledge of both factors is required for the design of sensitive quality control procedures for radiolabeled antibodies. PMID- 3501419 TI - [Malignant melanoma in German-speaking countries in the 80's. Initial results of the central registry for malignant melanoma of the Germany Society of Dermatology in cooperation with the federal health office]. AB - From July 1983 to April 1987, 2834 reports of malignant melanoma (MM) were received by the Central Registry of the German Dermatological Society in Berlin from 22 departments of dermatology in the German-speaking countries. Of these, 2277 reports were documented in a data bank and evaluated. Compared to earlier reports from the 1960s and 1970s the percentage of male patients with MM was found to be increased: 41% males, 59% females. Also, the tumor occurs today at a slightly younger age: 63% of all males and 56% of all females with MM were adults 30-60 years of age. In 10% of all MM patients, MM metastases were found during their first visit (stages II-IV). In addition, 37% of all patients in stage I without metastasis had MMs that were thicker than 1.5 mm. This indicates that there is a necessity for further information and early recognition of the MM in German-speaking countries. Regarding the therapeutic approach, considerable differences were noted among the various departments. Half of the primary MM excisions were conducted under local anesthesia, the rest with general anesthesia. In about 40% of all cases, a second surgical procedure was performed for larger excisions: half of the patients were operated on with safety margins of less than 3 cm. Twenty-seven percent of the patients in stage I MM received some type of adjuvant therapy, including chemo- and/or immunotherapy. However, postsurgical management varied greatly among the different departments. The additional results regarding possible risk factors, such as sun exposure and preexisting pigmented moles, are remarkable. PMID- 3501422 TI - Comparative bactericidal activity of cefixime, carumonam, enoxacin and roxithromycin with those of other antibiotics against resistant Haemophilus influenzae including beta-lactam tolerant strains. AB - One hundred isolates of Haemophilus influenzae including 50 beta-lactamase producing, five ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase producing and five beta lactam tolerant strains were tested for susceptibility (MICs and MBCs) to ampicillin, aztreonam, carumonam, cefixime, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefotaxime, imipenem, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole, by a microdilution broth method. Cefotaxime, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin with MIC90 and MBC90 of less than 0.03 mg/l) were the most active antimicrobial agents tested. Cefixime, carumonam, aztreonam, and co-trimoxazole (MIC90 and MBC90 less than 0.25 mg/l) showed good activity against most strains. Roxithromycin and erythromycin had limited antibacterial activity (MIC90, 8 and 4 mg/l respectively). There were no chloramphenicol-resistant strains. Five beta lactamase-negative strains were resistant to ampicillin, cefaclor and cefamandole but susceptible to other beta-lactams tested. Different patterns of tolerance were observed: four of five tolerant strains were tolerant to ampicillin and cefamandole, three to cefixime, cefaclor and cefotaxime, one to aztreonam. One tolerant strain was a beta-lactamase producer. Two other strains were tolerant only to co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3501421 TI - Ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae: identification of resistance mechanisms. AB - The incidence and mechanisms of ampicillin resistance (MIC greater than 1 mg/l) were investigated in 105 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae collected in Edinburgh during 1983/4. Fifteen (14.3%) ampicillin-resistant strains were identified and these were non-serotypable and comprised six biotypes. Isoelectric focusing and beta-lactamase-inhibition studies demonstrated that production of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase was the principal mechanism of resistance in nine (60%) strains. Radiolabelling revealed that one beta-lactamase-positive strain also had an unusual penicillin-binding protein (PBP) profit. No beta-lactamase activity was detected in the other six (40%) ampicillin-resistant strains. Two beta lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains had atypical PBP profiles. SDS PAGE analysis showed that four beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains, including one with altered PBPs, exhibited outer membrane protein profiles which differed from those of sensitive strains of the same biotype. The ampicillin-resistance mechanism of the remaining strain could not be determined. Thus, several resistance mechanisms, either acting individually or in combination, are implicated in ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae. PMID- 3501423 TI - Induction of beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 3501425 TI - Roxithromycin alone and in combination with sulphamethoxazole against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is only moderately susceptible to erythromycin but previous studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that it is fully susceptible when erythromycin is combined with sulphonamides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the activity of the new macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin was improved after combination with sulphamethoxazole. One hundred and eighty fresh clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, comprising 74 ampicillin susceptible, beta-lactamase negative, and 106 ampicillin-resistant, beta lactamase positive, strains, were tested for their susceptibility to erythromycin, roxithromycin, sulphamethoxazole, erythromycin-sulphamethoxazole and roxithromycin-sulphamethoxazole in a fixed ratio of 1:19. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal synergy was found between roxithromycin and sulphamethoxazole more commonly than between erythromycin and sulphamethoxazole. Antagonism, was less common between roxithromycin and sulphamethoxazole than erythromycin and sulphamethoxazole. These results suggest that the in-vitro activity of roxithromycin is improved by combination with sulphamethoxazole, making this combination more attractive in the oral therapy of infections due to H. influenzae. PMID- 3501424 TI - In-vitro activity of roxithromycin against respiratory and skin pathogens. AB - The activity of roxithromycin was determined by a microdilution method, in comparison with erythromycin, spiramycin and josamycin. Roxithromycin and erythromycin showed very similar MICs against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Str. pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae. In most cases, spiramycin and josamycin appeared similarly or more active. The activity of roxithromycin against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Chlamydia psittaci and, to some extent, against Pasteurella spp. was also assessed, by suitable in-vitro methods. Roxithromycin has a promising potential for treating selected skin and respiratory infections. PMID- 3501426 TI - Postantibiotic effect of roxithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin against selected gram-positive bacteria and Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Recent experimental work has shown that a so-called PAE (postantibiotic effect, i.e. persistent suppression of regrowth after short exposure of bacteria to the study drug in vitro) is a feature of most current antibiotics. However, marked quantitative differences were found between different types of antibiotics and also between Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms studied. A PAE has not yet been demonstrated for roxithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic. Therefore, we compared the PAE of roxithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Str. pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae in vitro. Identical multiples of the MIC and identical exposure times resulted in similar PAEs for the three study drugs tested. Good correlations could be found between the area under the in-vitro concentration-vs-time curve (AUC) and PAEs. The longest PAE of 9.6 h was observed after exposure of Str. pneumoniae to 1.9 mg/l of roxithromycin for 6 h. PMID- 3501427 TI - Solution conformation of carboxy-terminal fragments of the third component of human complement C3: proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of C3a, des-Arg-C3a, and C3a Arg69. AB - A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study is reported of the solution conformation of human C3a, that is released on activation of C3, the third component of complement. The intact C3a was used along with des-Arg-C3a, which is formed on cleavage of Arg-77 at the C terminal of C3a, and C3a Arg69, which is a 69-residue fragment produced on tryptic digestion of C3. A method of carboxypeptidase digestion/difference spectroscopy (Endo & Arata (1985) Biochemistry 24, 1561-1568) was extensively used for the spectral assignments of Ile-43, Ile-60, Leu-63, Tyr-15, and Tyr-59. On the basis of the results of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements, we discuss the solution conformation of the C3a molecule. It has been concluded that removal of Arg-77, which is essential for expression of the biological activity of C3a, does not induce any significant change in the solution conformation of the C3a molecule. The C3a molecule is known to consist of a core region that comprises segment Tyr 15-Tyr-59. We conclude that in solution the C terminal segment sticks out of the core and takes on a helix-like conformation. Possible roles of the core region and the N terminal segment in maintaining the conformation of the C terminal segment are briefly discussed. PMID- 3501429 TI - Rapid separation of anomeric purine nucleosides by thin-layer chromatography on a chiral stationary phase. PMID- 3501428 TI - [Gastric lipomyxoma responsible for severe digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3501430 TI - Improved method for the determination of propofol in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 3501431 TI - Retinoids and epidermal growth factor alter embryonic mouse palatal epithelial and mesenchymal cell differentiation in organ culture. AB - The mechanism by which retinoids (RA) induce cleft palate is not known. During normal palatogenesis, the medial epithelia of opposing palatal shelves cease DNA synthesis, come into contact, adhere, and undergo programmed cell death (PCD). In organ cultures of day 12 embryonic mouse palatal shelves, epidermal growth factor (EGF) blocks PCD, and DNA synthesis continues. In the present study, the effects of trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, EGF, and combinations of EGF and RA on surface morphology, DNA synthesis, and cellular ultrastructure are determined for CD-1 embryonic mouse palatal shelves cultured on day 12 of gestation. DNA synthesis in the medial cells was sustained and PCD was blocked by EGF, trans-RA, and 13-cis RA. Exposure to trans-RA, but not to 1-cis-RA, induced the medial epithelia to undergo hyperplasia, and addition of EGF enhanced the effect. In the presence of RA, particularly trans-RA, medial epithelial cells acquired nasal cell characteristics, and EGF enhanced this effect. Expansion of the mesenchymal extracellular spaces was blocked by trans-RA and to a lesser degree by 13-cis-RA. The RA-induced alterations in normal epithelial and mesenchymal cell differentiation may be relevant to the etiology of RA-induced cleft palate in vivo. PMID- 3501432 TI - Human embryonic palatal epithelial differentiation is altered by retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor in organ culture. AB - Reports of adverse human pregnancy outcomes including cleft palate have increased as the clinical use of isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) and other retinoic acid (RA) derivatives have increased, but the mechanisms by which their effects are exerted are not understood. Research in craniofacial development is generally performed in rodents, and mouse palatal shelves exposed in organ cultures to retinoids and epidermal growth factor (EGF) display altered medial epithelial cell morphology blocking normal union of apposing shelves. In the present study, precontacting human palatal shelves were maintained in organ culture for 2, 3, or 6 days and exposed to labeled thymidine (3H-TdR) during the last 16 hr. Retinoids and EGF were included in the media so that each shelf was exposed to one of the following: control, EGF, trans-RA at 10(-5)M, cis-RA at 10(-7) or 10(-9) M, or RA + EGF. After exposure of cultured human embryonic palatal shelves to 13-cis-RA and trans-RA with or without EGF, medial epithelial cells do not degenerate, cell surface morphology shifts toward a nasal type, glycogen deposits decrease, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) increases, and basal lamina appear altered. In shelves exposed to EGF and trans-RA early in their development, DNA synthesis appears to terminate prematurely as compared to shelves cultured in control media, and this effect is accompanied by excessive mesenchymal extracellular space expansion. Exposure of shelves to EGF alone is sufficient to block degeneration and induce hyperplasia of the medial epithelial cells but does not induce other ultrastructural changes seen with both EGF and RA. The observed alterations in medial cell morphology could interfere with adhesion of the palatal shelves and may play a role in retinoid-induced cleft palate in the human embryo. PMID- 3501433 TI - Serum antibody response to capsular polysaccharide, outer membrane, and lipooligosaccharide in children with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections. AB - Serum antibodies against capsular polysaccharide (CPS), outer membrane (OM), and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Haemophilus influenzae type b were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 21 children between 3 months and 4 years of age with invasive H. influenzae type b infections. As expected, the levels of anti-CPS antibodies in the acute-phase serum samples were low or not detectable, as were the levels of antibodies against LOS. In contrast, all children had detectable antibodies against the OM in the acute-phase serum sample, indicating that they are of little or no importance for protection. An antibody response to CPS was noted in 13 of the 21 patients, mainly in the older children. An antibody response to the OM was seen in 16 patients, with no evident relation to age. The antibody response to the OM preparation, which consisted of proteins and LOS, was probably directed mainly against the OM proteins, since only six children showed a response, usually of low magnitude, of antibodies to LOS. PMID- 3501434 TI - Chloramphenicol susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3501435 TI - Changes in contractile dynamics during the course of a twitch of a frog muscle fibre. AB - Single skeletal muscle fibres from the frog were stimulated to produce isometric twitches and released after a delay to shorten isotonically unloaded or against a finite load (P). When varying the delay, the velocity of the initial shortening (V) against a given non-zero load reached its maximum value earlier than the peak of the isometric tension. The velocity of unloaded shortening (V0, slack test, range: 3.7-5.6 nm ms-1 per half-sarcomere) was independent of the delay of the release. For any given delay, V was hyperbolically related to P, except for the high-load end of the P-V curve at which the velocity took lower values than extrapolated from the hyperbolic relation. The relation between V and the load in units of P1 (corresponding to V = 1 nm ms-1 per half-sarcomere) coincided in the hyperbolic range with the relations obtained at other delays of the release. P1 was basically proportional to the maximum power which also had its peak value during the rising phase of the twitch. The quick releases required to reach the non-hyperbolic range of the P-V curves were estimated to be less than 9 nm per half-sarcomere irrespective of the delay of the release. At load levels in the non-hyperbolic range V could be increased if the quick release was followed by a brief (2 ms) extra reduction in the load preceding the shortening at isotonic load. The results can be explained if the kinetic properties of the individual strongly bound crossbridges are unaffected by the changing level of activation during the course of the contraction. The time-dependence of the non-hyperbolic range of the P-V relation can be accounted for if crossbridges attached before the release remain attached after the release thus constituting an internal load. The difference in time course of isometric tension as compared to velocity of initial shortening against a given load, P1, and maximum power may arise as the result of a reduction in the level of activation caused by the release to the isotonic load level. PMID- 3501436 TI - The rate of malignant melanoma in the United States: are we making an impact? PMID- 3501437 TI - Pancytopenia induced by the interaction between methotrexate and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3501438 TI - Temperature dependence of frog spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. AB - Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are recorded from frog ears at various body temperatures. Frequency spectra and amplitude distributions of emissions are determined. Both power and frequency of emission signals show a strong temperature dependence. PMID- 3501439 TI - Calcium-induced serum bone Gla protein variations in preterm newborns. AB - The effect of calcium infusion on osteocalcin(Bone Gla Protein, BGP) serum levels were studied in a group of preterm newborns with bw appropriate for gestational age. Results showed that basal BGP serum levels in preterm newborns are higher than those reported at birth in normal infants. Moreover, calcium infusion induced a significant decrease in BGP values, inversely correlated with serum calcium. Since calcium loading increases both Ca availability for bone formation and BGP affinity for mineral surfaces, reduction of osteocalcin serum levels might reflect a shift of the protein from bloodstream to bone, suggesting an intervention in regulating an effective calcium uptake. PMID- 3501440 TI - An attempt to use the natural binding of bacteria to lymphocytes in examining atopic patients. AB - The termination of different subsets in apparently homogeneous cell population of T lymphocytes seems to be extremely important in the investigation of allergic diseases and can be of diagnostical use. It has been proved that the dysfunction of those subsets is very important pathogenetic mechanism of atopy. The existing technique using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers is rather expensive and has even some disadvantages. It has been published recently that some strains of bacteria were capable to bind spontaneously to human lymphocytes. Simultaneous use of more bacterial strains permitted to identify two B-cells and four T-cells subsets. The interaction of lectins on the lymphocyte surface and polysaccharide substances of the bacterial cell wall is supposed to be the mechanism of binding. In the present study an attempt was made to find out whether there is a difference in the binding of bacteria to lymphocytes between normal subjects and atopics and whether changes occur in this phenomenon after application of immunotherapy. It has been found that this qualitatively novel way of binding cannot be used for laboratory characterization of atopic subjects. No differences were observed in T-lymphocyte subsets identified by bacterial adherence between allergic and normal subjects. Immunotherapy failed to influence the binding. No correlation has been found with the method using monoclonal antibodies. Statistical evaluation revealed considerable dispersion of results obtained. PMID- 3501441 TI - [Qualitative determination of infarct segment by Fourier analysis using gated cardiac pool emission computed tomography]. AB - As a new method for regional wall motion analysis, the tomographic functional images, including "coronal", "sagittal" and "four-chamber" sections, were produced by applying the fundamental Fourier analysis using gated cardiac pool emission computed tomography (POOL-SPECT). Segmental wall motion was qualitatively assessed from the functional images in 10 normal subjects and in 48 patients with myocardial infarction. The results were compared with those assessed by gated blood pool planar images (modified LAO 45), two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) or contrast left ventriculography (LVG). The following results were obtained. 1. POOL-SPECT imaging could separate the ventricle in three dimensions from the neighboring cardiovascular system by avoiding the overlapping blood pool to make accurate recognition of regional wall motion. 2. The functional tomograms had greater clinical efficacy in the diagnosis of infarcted segments than did the conventional equilibrium method, with high sensitivity (93/99, 93.9%), specificity (128/141, 90.8%) and accuracy (221/240, 92.1%), especially in the apical and inferoposterior portions. 3. Tomographic functional imaging facilitated estimating segmental cardiac performance from spatial and temporal aspects. The amplitude image which expresses regional stroke volume was readily available to detect hypokinesis and akinesis. The phase image of the initial cardiac movement was very useful for diagnosing dyskinesis. 4. In comparing the qualitative analysis with 2DE or LVG, complete agreement was observed in 80% (128/160) and 85.1% (149/175) of segments, though POOL-SPECT imaging showed underestimations in 11% of the segments. In conclusion, POOL-SPECT can be performed repeatedly without potential risks and the tomographic functional images derived from application of Fourier analysis to POOL-SPECT images are very useful for qualitative and three-dimensional analysis of regional wall motion. Thus, this technique may be a promising procedure in clinical investigations, obviating the disadvantages of conventional methods. PMID- 3501442 TI - [Left ventricular function during atrial fibrillation assessed by left ventricular function curve using ECG-gated blood pool scintigraphy]. AB - Cardiac function is difficult to assess in patients with atrial fibrillation due to the widely fluctuating cycle lengths resulting in variable ventricular hemodynamics. With respect to ECG-gated blood pool scintigraphy, distortion of the time activity curve occurs due to a summation of irregular cycle lengths. Therefore, performing such a study has been regarded meaningless. To evaluate left ventricular function during atrial fibrillation using scintigraphic technique, a new processing algorithm was devised to make multiple gated images which are discriminated by the preceding R-R interval, and left ventricular filling and function curves were established. The left ventricular filling curve, obtained by plotting end-diastolic volume against the preceding R-R intervals demonstrated an impairment of blood filling in cases of mitral stenosis and constrictive pericarditis, which resolved after mitral commissurotomy in case of mitral stenosis. The left ventricular function curve, established by plotting stroke volume against end-diastolic volume, was analyzed according to indices such as "slope" and "position". Both of these indices were significantly reduced in relation to the severity of heart failure according to the NYHA's functional classification and cardiomegaly on chest radiography. On individual comparisons of underlying diseases, the indices decreased in the following order; lone atrial fibrillation, hyperthyroidism, aging, hypertension, mitral valve disease, ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and aortic regurgitation. The indices correlated closely with ejection fraction. In cases of mitral regurgitation, however, the function curves were situated to the right and above those of lone atrial fibrillation and decreased in slope despite the fairly well maintained ejection fraction. After treatment with digitalis and/or diuretics, the function curves shifted to the left and upward. In conclusion, left ventricular filling and function curves based on a newly-devised algorithm of ECG gated blood pool scintigraphy are of considerable clinical value in evaluating cardiac performance in patients with atrial fibrillation. They are widely applicable to the assessment of therapeutic and interventional effects. PMID- 3501443 TI - [Power spectrum of heart murmurs: special reference to mitral regurgitant murmurs]. AB - Heart murmurs, especially the mitral regurgitant murmurs of 40 patients were analyzed using the fast Fourier transformation technique. 1. Three types of frequency spectral pattern of mitral regurgitation (MR) were demonstrated: A) broad, spanning 100 to 500 Hz, B) narrow, characterized by one giant peak, and C) two peaks. The reason for these patterns was not clear, but they may be related to various hemodynamic events. 2. The mean frequency (f) in MR was 295 +/- 38 Hz and it increased in proportion to the regurgitant grade: e.g., Sellers II, 258 +/ 27 Hz; Sellers III, 294 +/- 23 Hz; and Sellers IV, 311 +/- 65 Hz. The accumulated percentage of the 200-400 Hz component decreased, while that of the 400-600 Hz component increased. 3. The f in MR of various etiologies were as follows: It was higher in ruptured chordae tendineae, rheumatic cases and mitral valve prolapse syndrome, but was lower in papillary muscle dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy. In the latter two, the percentage of the 0-200 Hz component was greater than in other disorders. The degree of left ventricular dysfunction and of myocardial injury may be responsible for the changes in the propagation properties. In ventricular septal defect and aortic stenosis, the f was 306 +/- 12 Hz and 230 +/- 40 Hz, respectively. The frequency spectrum of the latter was lower than that of MR, which may be derived from the difference between ejection and regurgitant murmurs; whereas, that of ventricular septal defect was similar to that of rheumatic MR. 4. The relation between the frequency spectrum and the phase of systole was studied. In dilated cardiomyopathy and papillary muscle dysfunction, the f of each phase increased in late systole; whereas, the maximum f was in mid-systole in other disorders. 5. Administration of amyl nitrite resulted in a decreased f, an increased percentage of the 0-200 Hz component, and a decreased 400-600 Hz component. The spectral distribution shifted to the lower frequency region. Results of this study suggested that significant information can be obtained from the frequency analysis of heart murmurs. PMID- 3501445 TI - [Assessment of regional wall motion and myocardial flow in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy using Tl-201 SPECT during dobutamine infusion]. AB - The present study clarified the relationship between wall motion and myocardial flow in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) was performed in 14 patients before and after dobutamine (DOB) drip infusion (8 micrograms/kg/min). Thallium-201 emission computed tomography (ECT) was performed after dobutamine infusion and three hours thereafter. The left ventricle was divided into nine segments. In each segment, the degrees of defects were scored from 0 (normal) to 3 (complete defect), and the severity of wall motion abnormalities was scored from 0 (normal) to 3 (akinesis) by visual inspection. 1. Perfusion defects on ECT images were observed during dobutamine infusion in all patients. Redistribution was observed in nine of 14 (64%) patients. 2. During infusion, 38 (81%) of 47 segments without defects showed normal wall motion, but 44 (86%) of 51 segments with defects showed wall motion abnormalities. 3. Redistribution was observed in 18 (35%) of 51 segments, and these segments showed lower incidence of wall motion abnormalities as compared to the other segments (94% vs 45%, p less than 0.001). 4. After infusion, the segments with redistribution frequently showed improved wall motion as compared to the other segments (56% vs 18%, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that redistribution on the ECT image is observed in some patients with dilated cardiomyopathy after dobutamine administration. This may be due to the capacity of the drug to increase myocardial flow in proportion to the increase of oxygen demand. PMID- 3501444 TI - [Hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy assessed by dipyridamole thallium single photon emission computed tomography: comparisons with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a dilated heart]. AB - Thallium-201 (Tl) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg) was performed in 23 patients with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) and in seven patients with HCM simulating dilated cardiomyopathy (HCM-DCM) to clarify the mechanism and clinical significance of decreased coronary vasodilatory reserve. The coronary vasodilatory reserve in the hypertrophied area assessed by SPECT was compared with the findings of echocardiography, left ventriculography and endomyocardial biopsy. 1. Eleven patients with HNCM had no perfusion defects in the hypertrophied area (group I), but the other 12 patients (52.2%) had such defects (group II). All seven patients with HCM-DCM had perfusion defects in the anterior or septal walls (group III). Redistribution was observed in 11 of the 12 patients in group II and in three of the seven patients in group III. 2. The regional washout rate was relatively low in the upper septum in group II and in the anterior wall and upper septum in group III. Thus, coronary vasodilatory reserve in the hypertrophied area was decreased in groups II and III. 3. Echocardiographically, the degree of hypertrophy did not differ between groups I and II, but the latter had significantly greater left ventricular diastolic dimension (42.3 mm vs 49.5 mm: p less than 0.05) and lower percent fractional shortening (%FS) (43.7% vs 35.6%: p less than 0.05). However, group III showed thinner left ventricular wall, much greater diastolic dimension (60.9 mm vs 49.5 mm: p less than 0.05), and lower %FS (24.0% vs 35.6%: p less than 0.05) than did those of group II. 4. On left ventriculography, those in group II showed larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (93.9 ml/m2 vs 79.7 ml/m2: p less than 0.05) than that of group I. Left ventricular ejection fraction showed the same tendency, but this was not statistically significant. 5. On endomyocardial biopsy, the specimens of the patients in group II had significantly higher percent fibrosis than did those of group I (11.4% vs 6.8%: p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the mechanism of decreased coronary vasodilatory reserve in the hypertrophied area may be related to myocardial fibrosis, and this decrease may induce left ventricular dysfunction and compensatory dilatation. PMID- 3501446 TI - [Exercise 13NH3-positron emission computed tomography (PET) versus exercise single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)]. AB - The value of exercise positron emission computed tomography (PET) was determined by comparing it with exercise T1-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using graded ergometer exercise in 10 anginal patients with left anterior descending coronary (LAD) involvement (stenosis greater than or equal to 75%) with or without other coronary stenosis. The distribution of N-13 ammonia or T1 201 was determined and expressed as percent count ot the highest count on the circumferential profile curve (CPC) in the transaxial image. Two standard deviations below the mean counts of six normal hearts for PET and ten for SPECT were considered as the lower limit of normal, and these were determined separately during exercise and at rest. The ischemic areas per total myocardial areas (%C), the accuracy in diagnosing coronary involvement and the identification of coronary branch involvement were determined by CPC analysis in three corresponding slices. Regional analyses revealed that accuracy in diagnosing proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) involvement was higher with PET (9/10) than with SPECT (7/10), but the difference was not statistically significant. The accuracy in diagnosing right coronary or circumflex artery stenosis was 9/10 with PET and 8/10 with SPECT (NS); the %C was significantly higher with PET than with SPECT during exercise (PET: mean +/- SD = 56 +/- 21%, SPECT: 35 +/- 21%, p less than .01) in spite of smaller double products (x10(3] (PET: 18.9 +/- 4.7, SPECT: 23.5 +/- 5.7, p less than .02). Thus, exercise PET was more reliable in evaluating regional ischemia and in semiquantifying the ischemic area in the myocardium. PMID- 3501447 TI - [Stress Tl-201 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in diagnosing ischemic heart disease: its value and limitations]. AB - The value and limitations of stress 201T1 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for diagnosing ischemic heart disease (IHD) was studied. Using a dual-head rotating gamma camera system, stress SPECT and conventional planar imaging were performed for 138 patients while they were examined by symptom-limited graded bicycle ergometer exercise. All patients underwent selective coronary arteriography and left ventriculography, and 93 had myocardial infarction (MI), 30 had effort angina (EA) and 15 were normal (control). Sensitivities for detecting IHD (SPECT: planar = 96%: 89%, p less than 0.01), individual coronary arterial lesions (left anterior descending artery = LAD, 84%: 68%, p less than 0.005; left circumflex artery = LCX, 60%: 47%, NS; right coronary artery = RCA, 88%: 69%, p less than 0.01), multivessel disease (= LAD + LCX and/or RCA, 53%: 31%, p less than 0.025), and three vessel disease (60%: 13%, p less than 0.005) were significantly higher by SPECT than by planar imaging. In addition, detection of ventricular aneurysms by SPECT was possible with a reasonably high sensitivity (94%) and specificity (84%). Signs of aneurysm included 1) an extensive anterior permanent defect, 2) a large left ventricular cavity, and 3) widening of the angle composed by the septal and lateral walls toward the apex in transaxial images. Sensitivity for detecting IHD was significantly lower in patients without MI (i.e., EA) than in patients with MI (MI: EA = 100%: 83%, p less than 0.005). Sensitivity for detecting individual coronary arterial lesions was lower in the absence than in the presence of MI (LAD; 77%: 87%, LCX; 38%: 68%, RCA; 71%: 90%, respectively), with multivessel disease than with single vessel disease, and with mild than with severe grade of stenosis. Sensitivity for detecting multivessel disease was lower in patients without MI than in those with MI (31%: 61%, respectively), and in anterior MI than in posteroinferior MI, or both MIs (36%: 69%: 100%, respectively). Stress induced ischemia of infarcted area (anterior MI, 36%; posteroinferior MI, 24%) and ventricular aneurysm (anterior MI, 21%; posteroinferior MI, 0) masked other coronary arterial stenoses in patients with previous MI. We concluded that stress 201T1 myocardial SPECT was a useful non-invasive technique for detecting IHD and individual coronary arterial lesions, multivessel disease (especially posteroinferior MI and anterior + posteroinferior MI), three vessel disease and ventricular aneurysms. However, there were limitations in detecting multivessel disease in patients with anterior MI and EA. PMID- 3501448 TI - Treatment of a patient with B cell lymphoma by I-131 LYM-1 monoclonal antibodies. AB - A patient with Richter's syndrome, a malignant lymphomatous transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, had become moribund with rapidly enlarging masses, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia despite the use of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Greater than ten percent of a test dose of I-131 Lym-1, a murine monoclonal antibody produced against Burkitt's African B cell lymphoma, was accumulated by her tumor. The patient was subsequently treated with a series of injections of I-131 Lym-1 with dramatic clinical response, reduction of tumor volume by x-ray computerized tomography and progression of circulating cellular elements toward normality. Her course over the next ten months was not like that to be expected for Richter's syndrome, which has an average survival of four months. This mode of treatment appears promising. PMID- 3501450 TI - [Proximal anastomosis by the Sadeghi technic in CABG]. PMID- 3501449 TI - [A histologic study of atherosclerosis of the internal mammary artery used for coronary artery bypass surgery]. PMID- 3501451 TI - [Comparative study of coronary artery bypass to the left anterior descending artery using internal mammary artery grafts and saphenous vein grafts]. PMID- 3501452 TI - [Effects of cimetidine and PSK on interleukin-2 production by PBL in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma during the course of chemotherapy]. AB - The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of cimetidine and PSK on T cell subsets, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and its receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma during the course of chemotherapy. Preoperative levels of OKT 4/8 cell ratio and IL-2 production in PBL from patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were significantly lower than those with benign ovarian tumor. When a combination chemotherapy which consisted of cisplatin, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide was given to these ovarian cancer patients, the OKT 4/8 cell ratio was significantly increased while the IL-2 production was markedly inhibited. When PSK and cimetidine were combined with the combination chemotherapy, the inhibition of IL 2 production was reduced. When treatment with PSK or cimetidine was initiated after completion of the combination chemotherapy, the OKT 4/8 cell ratio was significantly elevated on 30 days and 60 days, compared to 7 days after the completion of chemotherapy. The depressed IL-2 production after completion of the combination chemotherapy was increased to about 8 times by cimetidine and about 2.5 times by PSK on 60 days after completion of chemotherapy. On the other hand, the IL-2 receptor remained unchanged even if PSK or cimetidine was administered. PMID- 3501453 TI - IL-1 inhibitor in ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients. PMID- 3501454 TI - [Basic studies on the effects of oral administration of streptococcal preparation OK-432. I. Effects of thoracic duct lymphocytes]. PMID- 3501455 TI - [Administration of hemolytic streptococcus preparation OK-432 on recurrent gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 3501456 TI - [Paranasal sinuses and respiratory diseases. The pathogenesis of diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 3501457 TI - Surgery for osteophyte-induced dysphagia. AB - A patient with DISH in whom osteophytes caused severe dysphagia has been described. Surgical removal of the osteophytes was simple and effective. The features of DISH have been summarized, the pertinent literature reviewed and the role of surgery discussed. PMID- 3501458 TI - Retinal noise, the performance of retinal ganglion cells, and visual sensitivity in the dark-adapted frog. AB - By extracellular recording of action potentials from single ganglion cells in the dark-adapted eyecup of the frog, we show that four different characteristics of a cell, the frequency-of-response function, the variability in responses to low suprathreshold stimulation, the maintained discharge, and the susceptibility to desensitization by weak background lights, all seem to reflect the same intrinsic noise. In a small fraction of reliable cells this noise is close to that expected from dark isomerizationlike events in rods, but it differs by orders of magnitude between cells. We have also determined a threshold intensity for the phototactic jumping behavior of frogs in darkness. This intensity, while below the human threshold, is still above the threshold for an appreciable fraction of frog retinal ganglion cells, and the sensitivity of this visually guided behavior at 16 degrees C is not strictly limited by dark events in rods. PMID- 3501459 TI - Leu-M1 antigen expression in acute leukaemias. AB - Leu-M1 is a differentiation antigen present in human myelomonocytic cells. Seventy-seven acute leukaemias were retrospectively stained with anti-Leu-M1 using the immunoperoxidase technique on Bouin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The subjects were 44 acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) and 33 acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) previously characterized by cytochemical and immunologic (cell suspension) methods. Leu-M1 was positive in all the AML and in half of the ALL cases. These results suggest that Leu-M1 does not allow differentiation between AML and ALL. For the ALL cases Leu-M1 was positive in 15/28 B-cell types, 4/12 T cell type and 3/4 'null'-cell type cases. Thus, this antibody is of no assistance in defining types B, T, or 'null' in ALL. Leu-M1 was also studied on paraffin sections of 34 high grade malignant lymphomas. The antibody was negative in all 13 B-cell lymphomas (lymphoblastic: 6; immunoblastic: 7) and in all 4 'null' cell lymphomas. It was positive in 4/9 peripheral T-cell type, the other T-cell lymphomas (lymphoblastic: 5; immunoblastic: 3) remaining negative. Thus, Leu-M1 may be positive in T-cell lymphomas but it is negative in B-cell lymphomas and is always negative in B or T lymphoblastic types. It seems that lymphoblasts are Leu M1 negative in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and may be Leu-M1 positive in leukaemias. PMID- 3501460 TI - Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in Uruguayan population by breath hydrogen test (H2). AB - This study of 200 Uruguayans between 0 and 86 years old was designed to determine the prevalence of lactose malabsorption. Lactose intolerance is defined as a clinical syndrome of abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, and bloating after the ingestion of a standard lactose tolerance test dose (2 g of lactose per kilogram of body weight or 50 g/m2 of body surface area, maximum 50 g in a 20% water solution). Lactose malabsorption refers to the state in which dietary lactose remains unhydrolyzed and subsequently unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; symptoms may or may not result from lactose malabsorption. The technique of breath hydrogen (H2) was used after ingestion of 2 g/kg body weight to a maximum of 50 g in a 20% solution. There was no lactose malabsorption in children younger than 5 years old. The prevalence increases progressively after the age of 5, and in adolescence the percentage of malabsorption is similar to that in adults, who show 65% lactose malabsorption, with 25% asymptomatic and 40% intolerant. In 109 white adults, the prevalence of lactose malabsorption is 63%, with 24% asymptomatic and 39% intolerant. In 11 black adults, lactose malabsorption is 82%, with 27% asymptomatic and 55% intolerant. The difference between white and black adults is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The H2 test is simple, reliable, noninvasive, and appropriate to study large populations. PMID- 3501461 TI - The Marihuana Perception Inventory: stage 1--development. PMID- 3501462 TI - Massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in an infant following cardiac surgery. AB - This is a case of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hematoma formation in a 32-day-old infant following uneventful repair of congenital heart disease. Stress ulcers and gastrointestinal hemorrhage are rare complications of cardiac surgery in the young. Conservative management often fails and early surgery can be lifesaving. The etiology of this problem remains unknown and more work is needed so that effective preventive measures can be developed. PMID- 3501463 TI - Vitamin D3 metabolites in amniotic fluid in relation with maternal and fetal sera in term pregnancies. AB - The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) were determined in amniotic fluid, fetal cord serum and maternal serum in 26 cases of elective cesarean sections at term. All the women had a normal pregnancy and did not get any vitamin D fortified preparations. The samples were collected during December 1982-April 1983, at 37-40 weeks of pregnancy. The respective levels (+/- S.D.) of 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in maternal serum were: 18.03 +/- 10.8 ng/ml, 1.473 +/- 1.562 ng/ml and 36 +/- 21.5 pg/ml; in fetal cord serum: 13.15 +/ 8.3 ng/ml, 0.9 +/- 0.76 ng/ml and 29.2 +/- 18.55 pg/ml and in amniotic fluid: 0.732 +/- 0.508 ng/ml, 0.212 +/- 0.104 ng/ml and 14.3 +/- 10.0 pg/ml. The levels of the three metabolites in maternal and fetal cord serum were not statistically different. There was a statistically significant correlation between maternal and fetal serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01 and r = 0.743, p less than 0.01 respectively). No significant correlation was found in 1,25(OH)2D3 levels between maternal and fetal cord sera. This lack of correlation may well be in agreement with the recent findings of Kouppala, et al. who demonstrated that the fetus contributes to its own pool of 1,25(OH)2D3. A significant difference was found between maternal serum and amniotic fluid levels of the three metabolites. A statistically significant difference was also found between fetal serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 and amniotic fluid levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501464 TI - Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxytryptophan in acid solution. AB - The electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTPP) in acid solution proceeds by an initial 1e-, 1H+ reaction to a radical intermediate. This radical can dimerize and three diastereomers of 4,4'-bis(5-hydroxytryptophan) have been isolated and characterized. The radical can also undergo further electrochemical oxidation (1e-, 1H+) to a quinoneimine intermediate. Nucleophilic attack by water on this quinoneimine, followed by further oxidation, gives tryptophan-4,5-dione. Nucleophilic attack by 5-HTPP on the quinoneimine gives a dimeric indolenine which undergoes a complex series of chemical and electrochemical reactions leading ultimately to 4-[4-(6-hydroxyquinolyl)]-5-hydroxytryptophan. Two diastereomers of the latter compound have been isolated and characterized. PMID- 3501465 TI - [Pseudo-aneurysm in acute necrotico-hemorrhagic pancreatitis: direct transcutaneous embolization. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Massive hemorrhage associated with pancreatitis is rare but frequently lethal complication. We report two patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage related to pseudo-aneurysms, the control of these lesions was not possible without risk by vascular selective embolization. The technique we reported for clotting aneurysms by direct injection (Ethibloc) stopped hemorrhage temporary in one case and permanently in the other. PMID- 3501466 TI - Angiographic embolization in the management of late postpartum hemorrhage. A case report. AB - Bilateral selective embolization of the internal iliac arteries was utilized to control late recurrent post-partum hemorrhage. Angiographic embolization appears to be safe and effective, and giving consideration to its use in patients in similar situations is recommended. PMID- 3501467 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia associated with gold therapy: evidence for a partial maturation blockade of B cells. AB - Extensive immunological investigations were performed in a patient with definite seronegative rheumatoid arthritis who developed hypogammaglobulinemia in the course of gold therapy. The data obtained suggest the presence of acquired maturation abnormalities in the B cell compartment. PMID- 3501468 TI - Coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: another report. AB - A middle-aged man presented with a 10-year history of intermittent low back pain. Radiological examination of the spine disclosed findings of both ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Radiography of the hands showed the typical enthesopathy of DISH. To our knowledge this is the 2nd published case on the coexistence of the two diseases. PMID- 3501469 TI - Synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis possessed B cell differentiation activity contributing to synthesis of rheumatoid factor in vitro. AB - B cell differentiation activity assayed on B cells preactivated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I was found in synovial fluids (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 14), while little, if any, activity was found in SF of patients without RA (n = 13) including patients with osteoarthritis and traumatic arthritis. There was a positive correlation between the RA hemagglutination assay titer and B cell differentiation activity (r = 0.7438). This molecule with molecular weight ranges 15-20 kDa as well as supernatant from phytohemaglutinin stimulated normal T cells could promote not only polyvalent immunoglobulin synthesis but also rheumatoid factor synthesis by lymphocytes from patients with RA in vitro, and was considered to be distinct from interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interferon r, or proteolytic lysosomal enzymes which have been shown to modulate B cell activation. PMID- 3501470 TI - Antiperinuclear factor: indicator of more severe disease in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The specificity of antiperinuclear factor (APF) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well documented. It is unknown whether detection of these antibodies adds information to the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF). In a group of 132 patients with RA, 94 were RF positive. Of the 38 patients persistently negative for RF, 14 (37%) were positive for APF. These 14 proved to have a disease course similar to that of RF positive patients. This similarity was shown most impressively by radiological progression of the disease, and to a lesser extent, by the medication needed to control the disease and the number of extraarticular manifestations. No significant correlation was shown between APF and antinuclear antibodies. Among the RF positive patients with their generally poorer prognosis, APF identified the worst affected. Our study suggests that APF in serum of patients with RA is associated with a poor disease outcome, especially in RF negative patients. PMID- 3501471 TI - Changes in circulating monocytes in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Circulating monocytes in 30 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, scleroderma) and 28 age and sex matched normal controls were studied. Binding of the lectin peanut agglutinin (PA) was significantly reduced in PSS monocytes (p less than 0.001) together with a reduction in the density of nonspecific esterase staining (p less than 0.001) suggesting advanced maturation. Using monoclonal antibodies to identify cell surface markers, we demonstrated a significant reduction in PSS monocytes bearing the Leu M2 antigen (Mac 120, antigen presenting cells) over controls (p less than 0.05), but were unable to show any differences in the monocyte subpopulations using antisera against Leu M3 and HLA DR surface antigens. The ectoenzymes 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) and alkaline phosphodiesterase 1 (APD1) were lower and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) levels were higher in patients with PSS, compatible with immune activation. Interferon gamma levels in serum did not appear to account for these changes, whereas the levels of Clq binding complexes correlated inversely with the levels of LAP (p less than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between the number of Leu M3 positive cells and the level of the ectoenzyme LAP (p less than 0.001). With increasing disease duration, higher levels of Clq binding complexes were detected (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that monocytes in PSS differ from those in normals and appear to have undergone advanced differentiation and activation changes. PMID- 3501472 TI - Rheumatic manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - Wegener's granulomatosis is a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis with multisystem involvement. We reviewed the rheumatic manifestations among 50 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthralgia, myalgia and/or arthritis occurred in 2/3 of patients and 28% had nonerosive and nondeforming polyarthritis. Noninflammatory synovial fluid was found upon arthrocentesis of one patient with a knee effusion. Unexpected findings included soft tissue calcifications in 9 patients, sacroiliitis in 3, and relapsing polychondritis in 2. Rheumatoid factor was present in 1/2 of the patients tested. Additionally, both antinuclear antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies were detected in 14 and 38%, respectively, of patients tested. PMID- 3501473 TI - Penicillamine induced polymyositis and dermatomyositis. AB - Eight Australian cases of D-penicillamine induced polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) are reported. In terms of clinical, pathological and electromyographic features, D-penicillamine PM/DM is similar to idiopathic PM/DM but is generally less severe. Recovery is usually rapid when D-penicillamine is withdrawn. Sera were available for study in 6 of the 8 reported cases. Two of the 6 had elevated titers of acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies. Neither of these patients had clinical signs of myasthenia gravis. In 3 of 6 patients typed for C2, no bands were detected suggesting homozygous C2 deficiency. D-penicillamine PM/DM is associated with HLA-B18, B35 and DR4 and is immunogenetically different from idiopathic PM/DM, rheumatoid arthritis and D-penicillamine myasthenia gravis. PMID- 3501474 TI - Mitogenic response and interleukin 2 production in Crohn's disease. AB - The present study was carried out to investigate the involvement of prostaglandin E (PGE) for mitogenic response and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Mitogenic response and IL-2 production in CD patients were significantly reduced in comparison with the values obtained in healthy donors, the control, (HD, p less than 0.05). Slight increases of mitogenic response and IL-2 production were observed in the presence of indomethacin (IM) in both CD patients and HD, but the differences between the values of them were still significant (p less than 0.05) resulting in less involvement of PGE for the reductions of mitogenic response and IL-2 production in CD patients. Moreover, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response after addition of IL-2 in CD patients increased remarkably and became equal to that of HD. These results indicate that the reductions of mitogenic response and IL-2 production in CD patients are neither due to the suppression of T cell function by PGE nor the impairment of IL-2 responders. PMID- 3501475 TI - Defective T-lymphocyte colony formation in patients with lupus nephritis. AB - To determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and active nephritis have more profound defects in cell-mediated immunity (CMI), we studied T-colony-forming cells (TCFC) in 12 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and 14 patients with chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) without renal insufficiency. We also examined the activity of T-colony-stimulating factor (TCSF) in media conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PHA-LCM). The levels of TCFC and TCSF were decreased in patients with LN compared with those in normal controls and lower in LN patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) than in those without NS. In contrast, these CMI parameters in CGN patients with or without NS did not differ from normal subjects. TCSF activity for TCFC in both normal individuals and LN patients was removed from PHA-LCM with interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor bearing cultured T cells. These in vitro findings suggest that IL 2 is the essential factor contained in PHA-LCM. Our observations may lend further insight into the understanding of the immunoregulatory defect in LN. PMID- 3501476 TI - Fused cells of frog proximal tubule: I. Basic membrane properties. AB - Proximal tubular cells of the frog (Rana esculenta) kidney were fused within an isolated tubule portion to giant cells according to the polyethylene-glycol fusion method. Cell membrane potentials (Vm) were measured while cells were superfused with various experimental solutions. Rapid concentration step-changes of different ions allowed to calculate the respective transference numbers (tion). In some experiments the specific cell membrane resistances (Rm) were evaluated by measuring Vm induced by short current pulses injected into the cell with a second electrode. The experiments reveal: i) Fused cells of the proximal tubule exhibit a Vm of -49.5 +/- 1.6 mV (n = 65). ii) Addition of glucose to the perfusate yields a transient depolarization, consistent with a rheogenic Na/glucose cotransport system. iii) In absence of organic substrates the whole cell membrane conductance is made up of K+ and HCO3-. iv) There is a positive relationship between Vm and tK+ and a negative relationship between Vm and tHCO3 . v) HCO3--induced Vm changes are attenuated or abolished when Na+ is replaced with choline+, consistent with a rheogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransport system. vi) Replacement of Na+ by choline+ depolarizes Vm and increases Rm by about 50%; addition of 3 mmol/liter Ba2+ to the Na+-free perfusate increases Rm by about 58% compared to the initial control value. vii) There is no measurable cell membrane Cl- conductance. We conclude that fused cells of proximal tubule exert both luminal and peritubular membrane properties. In absence of organic substrates the cell membrane potential is determined by the HCO3- and K+ transport systems. PMID- 3501477 TI - Effects of light chain phosphorylation and skeletal myosin on the stability of non-muscle myosin filaments. AB - The effect of light chain phosphorylation and the presence of skeletal muscle myosin on the stability of non-phosphorylated non-muscle myosin filaments was investigated. Purified skeletal, brush border and thymus myosins were assembled in vitro into hybrid filaments consisting of varying proportions of (1) non muscle and skeletal myosins, or (2) phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated non muscle myosins. The stability of these hetero- and homopolymers in the presence of MgATP was determined using sedimentation, gel electrophoresis and immunochemical techniques. In addition, the effect of a monoclonal antibody, binding to the tip of brush border myosin tail, on the assembly of the homo- and heteropolymers, was tested. Filamentous non-phosphorylated non-muscle myosin was disassembled by MgATP to the same extent whether in homo- or heteropolymers, indicating that skeletal myosin has no stabilising effect on the hybrid filaments. The presence of small amounts of phosphorylated non-muscle myosin was, however, found to prevent the complete disassembly by MgATP of non-phosphorylated non-muscle myosin filaments, indicating that light chain phosphorylation stabilizes co-operatively non-muscle myosin filaments. The monoclonal antibody prevented the assembly of brush border myosin into both homo- and heteropolymers, and its effect on the filaments was compared with that of MgATP. PMID- 3501478 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis after the neonatal period. PMID- 3501479 TI - Rotavirus diarrhoea of infancy and childhood in a North Indian town- epidemiological aspects. PMID- 3501480 TI - Genetic content of pediatric practice in the tropics. PMID- 3501481 TI - Transcutaneous muscle stimulation promotes muscle growth in immobilized patients. AB - Muscular activity is a fundamental determinant of muscle mass. Transcutaneous muscle stimulation (TMS) may reverse muscle atrophy and lean mass loss in immobile patients by "artificial exercise." Four paraplegic patients with upper motor neuron lesions entered The Ohio State University Clinical Research Center for a 21-day metabolic balance study. After 6 days of baseline monitoring, each underwent isometric tetanic contractions (15 sec on; 45 sec off) of all major lower extremity muscle groups with TMS for 10 hr daily. Cross-sectional areas of muscle plus bone were calculated with CAT scan planimetry at 7 levels in both lower extremities before and after the TMS period. Three patients completed the metabolic balance study. TMS produced significant growth of innervated thigh and calf muscles in all paraplegic patients. Little growth occurred where bone and tendon predominate. No significant changes in nitrogen balance (urine and stool excretion), potassium balance (urine excretion only), or phosphate balance (urine excretion only) could be demonstrated. Two possible explanations are (1) that the patients may have been underfed and (2) that perhaps due to an increase in metabolic rate owing to the stimulation, lean tissue in other locations may have been mobilized to meet leg muscle demands. Future studies will incorporate metabolic monitoring of oxygen consumption and CO2 production during the experiment. PMID- 3501483 TI - [A study on the postoperative analgesic effect of TENS, evaluated particularly by lung vital capacity and leg movement]. PMID- 3501482 TI - Effects of intermittent electrical stimulations on muscle catabolism in intensive care patients. AB - To determine whether muscular contractions obtained by electrical stimulation in immobilized patients are able to reduce muscle catabolism, we studied 10 patients (65-79 yr old) hospitalized in the intensive care unit for postoperative ventilatory failure or cerebral infarction. Artificial nutrition was the same for each patient during the 9-day study period. Two periods of 4 days were defined and randomized for each patient, separated by one day. During the muscular stimulation (MS) period, intermittent electrical stimulation of the muscles of the legs (external electrodes), were performed daily during 2 X 30 mn. During the other period, muscular stimulations were not performed. Urinary excretion of nitrogen (micro-Kjeldhal digestion and Nessler procedure), creatinine (Jaffe reaction), and 3-methyl histidine (3-MH) (gas phase chromatography) was measured every day. (table; see text) We conclude that a significant decrease in 3-MH and creatinine excretion is observed during the MS period. In intensive care unit patients, muscle protein breakdown may be influenced by intermittent muscular electrical stimulation. PMID- 3501484 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia; its place in B cell differentiation and the function of hair cells]. PMID- 3501485 TI - [Effects of leukemia cells on in vitro hemopoietic colony (CFU-c) formation]. PMID- 3501486 TI - [A study on hematological and immunological disorders in 2 cases with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in childhood]. PMID- 3501487 TI - [Methods of imaging brain metabolism and function--a. PET and SPECT]. PMID- 3501488 TI - [Positron emission CT and X-ray CT findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 3501489 TI - [Surface marker and clinical diversity in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL): a case showing spontaneous regression and double marker]. PMID- 3501490 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigen in three-dimensional collagen matrices. PMID- 3501491 TI - [Anti-HBX in type B chronic liver disease]. PMID- 3501493 TI - [Development of a digitalized organ phantom for ECT simulation studies (DO-ECT PHANTOM)]. PMID- 3501492 TI - Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in graft-vs-host F1 mice as determined by immunoblotting: absence of anti-Sm antibody. AB - Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) were determined in autoimmune graft-vs-host F1 (GVH F1) mice by the immunoblotting method. Major populations of anti-ENA known in human sera including anti-Sm were not detected. It is thus conceived that different kinds of ENA proteins may be recognized by human autoimmune and GVH F1 sera. PMID- 3501494 TI - [Considerations on quality assurance methods in single photon emission CT]. PMID- 3501495 TI - [Usefulness of bone scintigraphic classification and quantitative evaluation of bone mineralization with X-CT and SPECT in renal osteodystrophy]. PMID- 3501496 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiac response to exercise in patients with impaired cardiac function]. PMID- 3501497 TI - [A method for the quantitative evaluation of myocardial SPECT images with a three dimensional display--STEREO-VIEW]. PMID- 3501498 TI - Detection of thermal responses of the retina by use of polyvinylidene fluoride multilayer detector. AB - The design and properties of thermal detectors constructed with multiple layers of polyvinylidene fluoride film are described. By use of these detectors, production of heat by the photoreceptors in the dark-adapted bullfrog retina in response to brief pulses of very weak light was examined. In response to brief light pulses delivering an average of 1 photon per retinal rod, the retina was found to produce heat more-or-less abruptly after a latent period of 0.2 to 0.4 s. At this level of pulse intensity, the thermal energy produced by the retina was approximately 1,500,000 times as large as the total radiant energy delivered to the retina for stimulation. It appears possible that a large number of disks in the rod outer segment are activated by absorption of a single photon. PMID- 3501499 TI - T-cells and macrophages in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: clinicopathologic correlations. AB - We phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) the cellular infiltrates in kidneys of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) responsive (R) or nonresponsive (NR) to pulse methylprednisolone therapy (PM)-eight anti GBM, six no immune deposits, three immune complex, two vasculitis, and one proliferative GN. There were glomerular, periglomerular, crescentic, and interstitial T and T-cell subsets. Few interstitial and no glomerular B and NK cells were observed. TH cells were much more common than TS. Phenotypes were quantitatively evaluated in 221 nephritic and 32 control glomeruli. T and/or TH cells were positively correlated with M phi, r = 0.30 to 0.74, P less than 0.05 to 0.0005. Although differences in phenotypes were observed, these differences were insufficient to distinguish between subtypes. Analysis of R and NR revealed no relationship to percent crescents, entry serum creatinine, oliguria, or need for dialysis. NR was related to presence of anti-GBM disease, P = 0.001, as was ability to stop dialysis, 0 of 7 GBM versus 9 of 10 other, P less than 0.001. Mild infiltrates of lymphocytes and M phi correlated with R, P less than or equal to 0.02. R had fewer numbers of TH and M phi in glomeruli, P = 0.0001, in crescents, P less than 0.02, and total TH and M phi compared to NR, P less than 0.001. Crescentic and total TH/S ratios were lower in NR than R, P less than 0.05. These findings demonstrate that components of the cell-mediated immune (CMI) system are present by MAb analysis, that subtypes cannot be differentiated by CMI constitution, and R to PM is related to intensity and composition of CMI involvement. Independence of the CMI system relative to anti-GBM disease remains to be clarified. PMID- 3501500 TI - [The anterior hyaloid membrane of the vitreous body in congenital ectopic lens]. AB - Congenital, bilaterally symmetrical dislocation of the lens within the posterior chamber is referred to as lens ectopia. The behavior of the anterior hyaloid membrane in congenital lens ectopia has not been considered hitherto. The anterior hyaloid membrane in the aphakic area of the pupil is intact or ruptured and the ciliovitreal connex in the region of the lens dislocation may be normal or absent. If surgery is planned because of the dislocation, a knowledge of biomicroscopic details of the anterior hyaloid membrane might be useful. PMID- 3501501 TI - 2'-Deoxycoformycin (Pentostatin) in hairy cell leukemia: response in patients refractory to interferon alpha. AB - Three patients with advanced hairy cell leukemia received low-dose deoxycoformycin treatment after failure to respond to therapy with interferon alpha. Patients 1 and 2 had progressive disease after splenectomy and subsequent treatment with recombinant interferon alpha (for 7 and 3 months, respectively). DCF was administered at 4 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks, and then once every week for 6 weeks. Patient 1 was in complete remission after 9 weeks of treatment and patient 2 in partial remission with normalization of peripheral blood counts. The third patient, also splenectomized, developed hepatotoxicity after therapy trial with interferon for 24 days and no objective improvement was observed at this stage. She subsequently responded to DCF treatment with improvements in blood counts and bone marrow. This report demonstrates that DCF is highly effective in hairy cell leukemia and non-cross-resistant with interferon alpha. PMID- 3501503 TI - [Clinical differentiation of herpetic ganglioneuritis]. PMID- 3501502 TI - Long-term remission of immune neutropenia after treatment with high-dose intravenous 7S-immunoglobulin. AB - In a 61-year-old woman recurrent bacterial infections were caused by immune neutropenia which was resistant to high-dose cortisone and plasmapheresis. However, high-dose intravenous 7S-immunoglobulin therapy (30 g for 6 days) induced a long-term remission for 35 months. This treatment modality is safe and should be used as a first-line agent. PMID- 3501504 TI - Complement activation and leucopenia on cellulosic haemodialyzers: influence of the membrane area and role of hydroxyl moieties. AB - We analysed the impact of the area of the dialysis membrane and of its content in hydroxyl moieties on the magnitude of haemodialysis-induced complement activation and leucopenia. First, in five patients successively treated with cellulose acetate membranes of different areas, we found that increase of the area results in an increase in complement activation determined by C3a levels before and at 15 min of dialysis. The levels of leucopenia were similarly affected, and a significant correlation was found between complement activation and leucopenia (r = 0.89, P less than 0.05). When we compared the biocompatibility characteristics of a dialyser made of saponified cellulose ester with those of two dialysers made of cellulose acetate, we found that index of complement activation (18.1 +/- 2 vs 9.9 +/- 1.1 and 11.5 +/- 1.1, P less than 0.01) as well as index of leucopenia (69 +/- 4 vs 40 +/- 2 and 37 +/- 3, P less than 0.001) were significantly higher on the saponified cellulose ester dialysers suggesting that hydroxyl groups of cellulosic membranes play an important role in the pathophysiology of dialysis induced changes. PMID- 3501505 TI - The relationship between biocompatibility and interleukin-1. AB - Biocompatibility is redefined as the quality of being mutually tolerant with life. In so far as this represents a quality which is as likely to be achieved as is the alchemist's dream of turning lead into gold, a compromise approach is recommended. It is suggested that all extracorporeal or body invasive procedures stimulate the inflammatory defence mechanism of the body by stimulating the monocyte to produce a family of polypeptides currently known collectively as Interleukin-1 (IL-1). So far two dissimilar gene products have been cloned and there are probably more. The IL-1 group of polypeptides possess hormonal functions which orchestrate nearly every instrument of the body's defence system. Inducers of IL-1 are present in dialysate and induce bacterial pyrogen and acetate. In addition bacterial cell wall glycoprotein may be cleaved into muramyl peptides by the release of granulocyte lysozyme at the membrane interface. Muramyl dipeptides have been found in CAPD drain fluid and are more potent inducers of IL-1 than endotoxin. Membrane activation of the fifth component of the complement with the release of C5a will also induce monocytes to produce IL 1. The consequences of repeated stimulation of the acute phase response are undesirable and may include muscle wasting, osteopenia and bone cysts (Shrinking man syndrome), fibrosis of scapulo-humeral joints and the carpal-tunnel syndrome. These latter lesions are often associated with deposition of amyloid fibrils related to beta 2-microglobulin. Efforts to reduce these complications are urgently required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501506 TI - Biocompatibility testing of membrane plasmapheresis devices. PMID- 3501507 TI - Phospholipases are activated during cell destruction by human alpha-lymphotoxin in vitro. AB - These studies investigate the molecular mechanism of destruction of transformed cells induced by recombinant human alpha-lymphotoxin (LT) in vitro. They focus on steps subsequent to binding of LT to specific plasma membrane receptors. L929 cell membrane phospholipids were prelabelled with 14C arachidonic acid and then the cells were treated with lethal levels of LT. We found 14C labelled fatty acids were released into the media soon after LT treatment and levels continued to climb as cells were destroyed. At various time intervals lipid extracts of these same cell cultures were made and separated by thin layer chromatography. Autoradiography revealed that LT-treated cells contain increased levels of free fatty acids first detectable at 4-6 hrs after LT treatment and the levels continued to rise through 21 hrs. Untreated cultures and cultures killed by alternate methods did not show elevated free fatty acid levels in either the media or intracellularly. These results indicate that cellular phospholipases are activated when LT-induced cell destruction occurs and that this activation does not occur when cells are killed by various other methods. PMID- 3501508 TI - Identification of some interleukin-1 (IL-1) sensitive organs in vivo using the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) following injection of recombinant IL 1 beta in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) in mice produced a 2-4 fold induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in liver and heart six hours after administration. Lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen) and brain did not respond to rIL-1 beta administration with significant increases in ODC. IL-1-induced responses in heart seemed not to be secondary to stress induced catecholamine release since the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol did not inhibit the induction of ODC produced by injection rIL-1 beta. Injection of 10 micrograms bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inducer of IL-1 synthesis, exhibited a pattern of tissue responsiveness which was distinct from the responses elicited by rIL-1 beta, most notably a marked 5-fold induction of ODC in spleen. The differences in the responses of various organs to rIL-1 beta vs. LPS suggested that the in vivo effects of LPS may involve more than stimulation of the release of IL-1. The identification of heart as an IL-1 sensitive tissue merits further study to define the contribution of IL-1 to cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 3501509 TI - Adjuvant activity of the 163-171 peptide of human IL-1 beta administered through different routes. AB - The synthetic peptide VQGEESNDK, corresponding to the fragment 163-171 of human IL-1 beta, could potently enhance the primary and secondary response of mice immunized with SRBC, measured as the number of specific antibody-secreting cells in the spleen. This adjuvant activity was dose-dependent, being maximal when the nonapeptide was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) at 100 mg/kg or orally (p.os) at 33 mg/kg, reaching levels comparable to those attained by 20 ng/kg of hu rIL-1 beta given i.p. or s.c. A dose-dependent enhancement of the primary response to SRBC was also observed when IL-1 beta or its peptide fragment were injected intravenously (i.v.) together with the antigen, with a maximum activity at 10 micrograms/kg for the 163-171 peptide and 100 pg/kg for hu rIL-1 beta. Thus, the in vivo immunostimulatory activity of hu IL-1 beta depended on the administration route as follows: i.v. much greater than s.c. = i.p. much greater than p.os. Conversely, the adjuvant effect of the 163 171 peptide was: i.v. much greater than p.os greater than s.c. = i.p. PMID- 3501510 TI - Regulatory effects mediated by OKT8+ subsets on B cell response in the elderly. AB - The B cell responsiveness mediated by T cells has been evaluated in 50 aged donors by using a Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven differentiation system. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from aged donors exhibited a lower plaque-forming cell (PFC) generation in comparison with young donors. Similar results were obtained by using, on a per cell basis, purified T cells supplemented with Non-T lymphocytes. OKT4+ cell addition to Non-T cells enhanced PFC number, even if values were still lower when compared to young donors. Moreover, results similar to those seen with T-supplemented Non-T cell cultures were obtained by mixing Non-T cells with OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes. Interestingly, when OKT8+ cells were divided into OKT8+M1+ and OKT8+M1-subsets and used in the assay, both cell fractions suppressed B cell response in aged donors, while this effect was mediated by OKT8+M1+ cells only in the young counterpart. Soluble suppressive factors were responsible for the observed activity, since indomethacin supplementation to cultures or overnight incubation of cells before PWM stimulation abrogated the OKT8+M1--mediated suppression. Taken together, these findings suggest an additional alteration of T-B cell relationship in the elderly. PMID- 3501511 TI - [Successful post-bypass extracorporeal circulatory assistance with the centrifugal pump]. AB - Patients with reduced left ventricular function do have an increased risk of inability to be weaned off bypass after open heart surgery despite maximal pharmacologic support and intraaortic balloon counter-pulsation. Centrifugal pumps used for extracorporeal circulatory assist can maintain a patient in low cardiac output up to days without anticoagulation. We used a centrifugal pump in 3 patients: as a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in 2 patients and right ventricular assist device (RVAD) in 1 patient. One LVAD-patient became a long term survivor after 20 h of assist, another was bridged successfully to an open heart procedure for 2 h after papillary muscle rupture. One RVAD patient died on the operating table due to massive tracheal bleeding probably caused by pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 3501512 TI - [Does optokinetic stimulation modify directional hearing?]. AB - The directional hearing of 20 healthy test persons, all with normal hearing abilities, was tested using a special self constructed equipment. Under the repeated influence of an optokinetic stimulation (rotating light beams on a semicircular screen in a completely darkened room) no statistically significant deviation of the directional hearing reactions could be detected. PMID- 3501513 TI - Tuberculoid leprosy in Mexicans is associated with HLA-DR3. PMID- 3501514 TI - Anti-haemophilic globulin and salivary secretor status in healthy Indians. PMID- 3501516 TI - Adherent layer-dependent development of B cell progenitors in semisolid agar. PMID- 3501515 TI - Ristocetin and von Willebrand factor analysis. PMID- 3501517 TI - Growth of B cell colonies in double-layer agar cultures. PMID- 3501519 TI - Cloning of mitogen- and antigen-reactive B lymphocytes on filter paper disks: phenotypic and genotypic analysis of B cell colonies. PMID- 3501518 TI - Long-term culture of murine bone marrow precursors of B lymphocytes. PMID- 3501520 TI - Purification and characterization of antigen-binding virgin and memory B cells. PMID- 3501521 TI - Murine T cell clones. PMID- 3501522 TI - Cloning of human alloreactive T cells. PMID- 3501523 TI - Cloning with antigens and interleukin 2 of murine T lymphocytes having distinct functions. PMID- 3501524 TI - Karyotypic analysis of T cell clones and hybrids. PMID- 3501525 TI - Lectins in the isolation of receptors on lymphocytes. PMID- 3501526 TI - Non-MHC-restricted T cell antigen-binding proteins. PMID- 3501527 TI - Stimulation of lymphocytes with antibodies to surface membrane-bound antigen receptors. PMID- 3501528 TI - Cell enucleation, cybrids, reconstituted cells, and nuclear hybrids. PMID- 3501529 TI - Toxin-antitoxin selection for isolating heterokaryons and cell hybrids. PMID- 3501530 TI - Cultured S49 mouse T lymphoma cells. PMID- 3501531 TI - Effect of SH-group reagents on net water transport in frog urinary bladder. AB - The basal rate of water reabsorption and its acceleration by oxytocin, cyclic AMP (cAMP) or serosal hypertonicity in frog urinary bladders were monitored before and after exposure of the mucosal surface to sulfhydryl (SH) reactive reagents. The following observations were made: 1. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10(-5)M) did not modify the basal water flux, but did potentiate the hydrosmotic response to oxytocin. At higher NEM concentrations, an increase in the basal flux was observed, while the oxytocin-induced water flux was strongly inhibited, if not, nullified. 2. Iodoacetamide (IAM, 10(-3)M) did not modify the basal water flux but did inhibit the oxytocin-, cAMP-, and serosal hypertonicity-induced increase in water permeability. Furthermore, the time course of the hydrosmotic response to oxytocin was significantly increased. 3. 5,5' dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, 10(-3)M) modified neither the basal nor the oxytocin-induced water flux when incubated at pH 8.1, but potentiated the inhibitory effect of NEM. However, at a mucosal pH of 6.5, DTNB inhibited the response to oxytocin by 30%. These results suggest that: (1) the three SH reagents affect differently the basal and the oxytocin-induced water pathways; and that (2) each of the changes in the oxytocin-induced paths occurs at a step following the hormonally-induced increase in intracellular cAMP concentration. PMID- 3501532 TI - Characterization of autoantigens relevant to autoimmune ophthalmitis and thyroiditis in mice immunized with the syngeneic tissue extracts and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide. AB - The histological localization and biochemical properties of the autoantigens relevant to experimental autoimmune ophthalmitis and thyroiditis were studied using sera from mice hyperimmunized with the corresponding tissue extract of syngeneic mice and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as a potent adjuvant. Specific antigens were detected in the lens of the eyeball by immunofluorescence test with sera from mice in which ophthalmitis had been induced and the antigens were lenticular proteins with molecular weights (MW) of 15,000 (15K) to 25K, and 45K. The lenticular proteins with MW of 15K to 25K correspond to the subunits of crystalline. These findings clearly demonstrated that our experimental model for autoimmune ophthalmitis was classified as the lens-induced uveitis. The colloids of the thyroid follicles and the follicular cells were markedly stained by sera from mice in which thyroiditis had been induced. One of the autoantigens detected in the thyroid gland was biochemically consistent with a thyroglobulin subunit. It was also shown that these autoantigens detected in the present study were organ-specific but not species specific. The nature of autoantigens in the eye and the thyroid gland is discussed. PMID- 3501534 TI - [Angiodysplasias in the digestive tract and their clinical significance]. PMID- 3501533 TI - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a report of the first case in Malaysia. PMID- 3501535 TI - [A study of the T-lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral and spleen using OK and Leu series monoclonal antibodies--especially patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and liver cirrhosis]. AB - The T lymphocytes and their subsets in the peripheral blood and spleen of the patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and liver cirrhosis were analysed using OK and Leu series monoclonal antibodies. The healthy subjects showed no difference between the OK series (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) and the Leu series (Leu3a, Leu2a). In the patients with IPH or liver cirrhosis, the percentages of OKT3 and Leu 4 positive lymphocytes (pan T), and OKT4 and Leu3a positive lymphocytes (H/I T) were similar, but the percentages of OKT8 and Leu2a positive lymphocytes (S/C T) in the patients with IPH were slightly decreased. The changes in the T lymphocyte subsets differed among the patients, but the patients with IPH and liver cirrhosis showed a slight decrease in the mean number of H/I T and a slight increase in that of S/C T after splenectomy. Pan T and H/I T in the IPH cases were similar to those of the normal spleen, but S/C T was slightly higher than that of the normal spleen. The distribution of the lymphocytes in the spleen examined by the ABC method showed that in the normal spleen, the OKT-positive lymphocytes were concentrated around the artery. The B1-positive lymphocytes were distributed on the outer portion of the OKT3-positive lymphocytes aggregate in a mantle shape. The distribution of the OKT4-positive subset and that of the OKT3 positive subset were almost the same. OKT8-staining was seen sporadically in the medullary cord, but there were slightly more OKT8-positive lymphocytes in the medullary cord in these spleens than in the normal spleen. PMID- 3501536 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of spleens in gastric cancer]. AB - Immunohistochemical study was performed on the spleens of the stomach cancers using various monoclonal antibodies against mononuclear cells. The subjects consisted of 4 cases in stage I, 3 cases in stage II, 9 cases in stage III and 15 cases in stage IV. Five spleens of patients died of cerebrovascular disorders were used as a control. For 6 among these cancer cases, PSK was injected endoscopically into the tumor 10 days before operation. The results showed that: 1) OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ positive cells decreased in the marginal area of follicles with the progression of the stage of stomach cancer. 2) OKM1 and OKT10 positive cells increased in the marginal area of follicles and the red pulp of spleens which were in the latter stage of the stomach cancer. 3) OKIa1+ and OKB7+ positive cells decreased in the follicles in the later stage. 4) Leu7+, Leu11b+, OKT9+ and IL2 receptor+ cells apparently did not change in spite of the progression of the stage of stomach cancer. 5) OKT6+ positive cells were hardly noted in the spleen. 6) In PSK injected group, OKT4+, OKT8+ and OKB7+ cells tended to increase, while IL2 receptor+ cells and OKM1+ cells were definitely observed to increase. In conclusion, the spleen of the stomach cancer in the advanced stages exhibited the decrease of the T-cell system such as OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells and it is believed that the immune response was lowered through T cell system as the stage advances. At the same time, the fact of a similar decrease in the B-cell system of OKB7+ seems to suggest a lowered state of antibody productivity. On the other hand, the increase of OKM1+ and OKT10+ cells in the advanced stage is considered to be a state of activation in the reticuloendothelial system. In the PSK injected cases, the increase of OKT4+, OKT8+ and IL2 receptor+ cells was observed. This was suggested that intratumorous injection of PSK was able to enhance the antitumor activity through the spleen by the activation of the T-cell system and reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 3501537 TI - Two novel phospholipid-linked mouse thymocyte surface molecules released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. AB - We searched for mouse thymocyte surface proteins attached to the cell membrane through a phosphatidylinositol (PI)-containing glycolipid similar to that identified in the T cell-activating Thy-1 glycoprotein. Our approach was to biochemically analyse the supernatants of 125I surface-labeled thymocytes treated with 60 U/ml of Staphylococcus aureus PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). In addition to Thy-1, two molecules of Mr 13,000 and 52,000 were found to be specifically solubilized by the enzymatic treatment. The 52,000 structure is a single basic polypeptide of Mr 50,000 under non-reducing conditions. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses resolved the 13,000 mol. wt molecules in three relatively basic components including (i) a monomeric molecule(s), a fraction of which exhibited slower migration in reducing gels, and (ii) disulfide linked multimeric structures comprising a major component of Mr 30,000 and a minor one of Mr 45,000. These 52,000 and 13,000 mol. wt molecules could be released from thymocytes and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cell blasts, but not from a variety of mature T cell populations. These data add new members to the list of PI-linked rodent lymphoid cell differentiation markers, which already includes three activation signal-transducing T cell molecules (i.e. Thy-1, Ly-6-linked T cell-activating proteins, and RT-6). PMID- 3501539 TI - Comparison of unique leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil "escalating" and "maximum" dosage strategies. AB - In this study (GI 6384), regimens are compared which, in phase II investigations, produced 2-fold increases in the historical rates of objective and minor responses. These regimens were associated with overall survival exceeding 1 year. In arm 1, 5-fluorouracil (FUra) alone, 500 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 was escalated in 25-mg/m2 increments in monthly courses to produce mild to moderate toxicity. This allows an examination of dose-response relationships and comparisons of therapeutic index. In arm 2, leucovorin (LV), was escalated from 25 to 250 to 500 mg/m2 beginning 1 hour before a bolus FUra (30 mg/kg) every 3 weeks. Arm 3 (not previously tested) employed LV (25 mg/m2) 1 hour before FUra (600 mg/m2) given weekly for 6 weeks. It tested the efficacy of low-dose LV. Arm 4 tested high-dose LV (500 mg/m2) as a 2-hour infusion beginning 1 hour before a bolus FUra (600 mg/m2) weekly for 6 weeks. In a preliminary analysis of this study, findings are statistically consistent with the anticipated high frequencies of objective response. It also finds evidence of biological activity across the wide range of LV dosages and that LV produces an apparent favorable change in FUra side effects from hematological to gastrointestinal toxicities. One or more regimens may favorably change the anticipated prognosis of patients with measurable cancer of the colon and rectum. PMID- 3501538 TI - Preliminary analysis of a randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil versus 5 fluorouracil and high-dose continuous-infusion folinic acid in disseminated colorectal cancer. AB - In this study, 50 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 5 fluorouracil (FUra) or FUra plus high-dose continuous-infusion folinic acid. Five of 27 evaluable patients in the FUra group versus 10 of 21 patients in the FUra plus folinic acid arm of the study had objective partial remissions, P = 0.02. Time to progression was 3.9 months for FUra and 8.0 months for FUra and folinic acid, P = 0.006; however, median survivals (11.9 versus 14.5 months) were not different in this crossover study. Toxicity in both treatment arms was mild, although patients receiving FUra plus folinic acid experienced significantly more stomatitis than patients treated with FUra alone. This study suggests that high dose, continuous-infusion folinic acid, which produces a steady-state level of biologically active folates of 10 microM, significantly increases the therapeutic activity of FUra. PMID- 3501540 TI - Clinical studies of biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group and Mayo Clinic. AB - The North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) and Mayo Clinic are collaborating in an ongoing, prospective, randomized clinical trial of new approaches to the chemotherapy of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer. Single agent 5-fluorouracil (FUra) given by intensive-course rapid intravenous administration serves as a control. Included among the experimental treatments are two regimens consisting of FUra plus leucovorin (folinic acid). One of these regimens uses folinic acid at a dose level of 200 mg/m2 daily for 5 days based on earlier studies by Machover et al. (4). The second regimen uses folinic acid at 1/10 the dose level (20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days), since this lower dose of folinic acid has been shown to produce peak serum levels equivalent to the concentration of folinic acid required in culture medium to produce optimal inhibition of L1210 cells by FUra in vitro, and because of the great expense of folinic acid when given at the higher dose levels. As of January 1986, 78 patients had been randomized to receive treatment with FUra alone or one of the FUra-folinic acid regimens. The toxicity of the folinic acid regimens has been clinically tolerable, with stomatitis and, to a lesser extent, diarrhea being dose-limiting. Hematologic toxicity has been very mild. There is suggestive evidence that folinic acid given at the higher dose level in combination with FUra at a constant dose produces more severe effects on the oropharyngeal mucosa. Preliminary tumor response and survival data remain blinded in accordance with NCCTG policy. Further patient accrual and follow-up are required to assess the therapeutic effect of these folinic acid regimens compared to FUra given alone. PMID- 3501541 TI - Biologic modulation of 5-fluorouracil with high-dose leucovorin and combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. AB - The data from an ongoing 3-arm prospective study of 72 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma is presented. The 3 regimens are as follows: Regime 1 (every 4 weeks)--5-fluorouracil (FUra) (450 mg/m2 iv bolus daily for 5 days, then 200 mg/m2 iv bolus every other day for 6 doses); regime 2 (every week for 4 weeks, then every other week)--methotrexate (MTX) (50 mg/m2 in a 4-hour infusion) followed by FUra (600 mg/m2 iv bolus); regime 3 (weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period)--D,L-leucovorin (D,L-CF) (500 mg/m2 in a 2-hour infusion) with FUra (600 mg/m2 iv bolus) 1 hour after the D,L-CF infusion began. All monitoring lesions except lung were documented by tissue biopsy. Thirteen of 18 patients in the FUra + D,L-CF arm were evaluable for response. Six of the 13 patients (46%) have had a partial response. The duration of the 6 responses has been 11, 8, 7, 4, 3 and 3 months. In patients with liver metastases as the monitoring lesion, a dramatic improvement in liver function tests has been seen during the first 2 courses (12 weeks) of treatment, but this was not sustained. The toxicity of FUra + D,L-CF was predominantly gastrointestinal; unlike with FUra alone, myelosuppression was not predominant. PMID- 3501543 TI - Preliminary results of a phase II trial for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. AB - The active metabolite of FUra, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (5-FdUMP), requires the presence of reduced folates to form a covalent ternary complex with the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated a potentiation of the cytotoxic effects of FUra when combined with the reduced folate, leucovorin. We have applied this concept to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in a phase II trial, as recent clinical studies on patients with colorectal carcinoma have suggested an enhanced efficacy for the combination of FUra plus leucovorin. Patients entered on the present study are undergoing treatment with a 5-day daily regimen of leucovorin (500 mg/m2, iv) followed by FUra (375 mg/m2, iv). Toxicity and response data are currently being collected on patients who have failed "standard" combination regimens that included FUra. In patients with accessible tumor, serial biopsies are being obtained during treatment with the combination of FUra and leucovorin and during therapy with FUra alone to assess the degree of 5-FdUMP binding to the target enzyme, TS, in the presence and absence of exogenously administered leucovorin. Preliminary results from the biochemical studies suggest an enhanced saturation of TS by the fluorinated pyrimidine when administered with leucovorin. PMID- 3501542 TI - Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid. AB - We report the results of an expanded trial of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) combined with high-dose folinic acid for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal or gastric adenocarcinoma. In each treatment course, the patients received both FUra (340-400 mg/m2/day by iv infusion over 15 minutes) and folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day by iv bolus) for 5 consecutive days, with a 21-day interval between courses. Eighty-six patients with colorectal carcinoma were evaluated. The combined complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates were 39% for 54 patients who did not receive prior chemotherapy and 22% for 32 patients who had previously received chemotherapy. Four patients who were previously resistant to FUra attained objective responses. The median time to disease progression for the 28 responders was 10 months. The median survival time of responders was 19.5 months, and the probability of their being alive at 2 years was 40%. Of 27 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 13 (48%) responded to therapy. Their median time to disease progression was 5.5 months. The median survival time of responders was 11 months, and their probability of being alive at 15 months was 30%. Toxicity was within acceptable limits. Toxic effects included stomatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, skin rash, and mild myeloid hypoplasia. In a separate study, plasma concentrations of L-folates above 10(-5) M were achieved after a rapid single iv injection of 200 mg/m2 of folinic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501544 TI - A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin in gastric carcinoma and a phase I trial of intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. AB - Twenty-five patients with advanced measurable gastric carcinoma were treated with D,L-leucovorin (CF) (500 mg/m2) administered as a 2-hour infusion and FUra (600 mg/m2) iv push midinfusion. Patients were treated weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week rest. Median age was 57 (range 32 to 82). Median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 2 (range 0 to 4). Thirteen patients had progressed on previous combination chemotherapy that included FUra. At the time of this report, 19 patients were evaluable for response: 3 patients had partial responses, 8 had stable disease, and 8 progressed (but 3 of these received only 3 or fewer treatments before early disease-related death). Two of the responders were previously treated with FUra. Four patients were too early to evaluate. Measurable responses of greater than 50% were seen in bone, liver, lung, and an abdominal mass. Diarrhea occurred in 9 patients and FUra dose reduction was necessary in 8 of them. Other toxicities included lacrimation, rash, nausea, and mucositis. One toxic death occurred. Nine patients with gastrointestinal tumors confined primarily to the intra-abdominal space were treated with ip FUra in escalating doses (2 mM to 4 mM) in combination with D,L CF in a 2-liter volume, either by 8 consecutive 4-hour dwells (7 patients) or once daily for 5 days (2 patients). The D,L-CF dose was 20.8 microM except for the first day of the 5-day schedule when it was 104 microM. Toxicity included leukopenia, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, skin rash, and abdominal pain. Three episodes of peritonitis resolved with antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501545 TI - Pharmacokinetics of leucovorin (D,L-5-formyltetrahydrofolate) after intravenous injection and constant intravenous infusion. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the active and inactive diastereoisomers of leucovorin and its active metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF) were studied after iv injection of leucovorin in normal human subjects at a dose of 28 mg/m2, and in patients given 500 mg/m2 daily by constant iv infusion for a 5.5 day period. In both studies the plasma half-life (t1/2) of the active isomer, L formyltetrahydrofolate (CHO-THF), was only 32 to 35 minutes, whereas the inactive isomer, D-CHO-THF had a plasma t 1/2 of 352 to 485 minutes. During constant infusion, the plasma levels reached plateaus of 2.33 and 37.5 microM for L-CHO THF and D-CHO-THF, respectively. The inactive isomer was cleared from plasma only by urinary excretion of the unchanged drug. The active isomer was also excreted unchanged in the urine but in addition was extensively metabolized to the active metabolite L-5-CH3-THF. The active metabolite achieved a plasma level of 4.85 microM during constant infusion and appeared to have a longer t 1/2 after constant infusion than was observed after iv injection. Furthermore a larger apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of 5-CH3-THF was obtained in the constant infusion study. These findings suggest that constant iv infusion of large doses of leucovorin can considerably expand the intracellular pools of active folate. The consequence of the extensive accumulation of the inactive isomer, D-CHO-THF, is not known. However, the small Vd of D-CHO-THF suggests that it does not extensively accumulate in tissues. PMID- 3501547 TI - Bioavailability of high-dose oral leucovorin. AB - Fifteen adult subjects comprised the study group; 2 were colon cancer patients. Total leucovorin (citrovorum factor; CF) doses of 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg were equally subdivided and administered at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours. Three of the subjects were fasting and the other 12 were not. Quantitation of serum L-CF by Pediococcus cerevisiae and total reduced folates (TRF) by radio-assay were performed in 10 samples from each subject drawn over a 12-hour period after initiation of CF dosing. The mean serum levels of L-CF remained greater than 0.1 microM at 3 hours and the TRF 3.5 microM at 5 hours, respectively, after termination of CF dosing in all subjects treated at the 800- and 1600-mg dose schedule. At all CF dosage schedules employed, peak serum concentrations were reached within 4 and 6 hours after initiation of oral CF. Peak TRF concentrations at the 200-, 400-, 800-, and 1600-mg doses were 3.42 +/- 0.65, 4.05 +/- 1.04, 4.81 +/- 0.14, and 5.11 +/- 1.81 microM, respectively. Peak L-CF levels at 200, 400, 800, and 1600 were 0.15 +/- 0.11, 0.21 +/- 0.14, 0.23 +/- 0.11, and 0.34 +/- 0.16 microM. Based upon these observations, the following conclusions were reached: 1) no significant differences were observed in serum concentrations of folates between the 800- and 1600-mg dose schedules; 2) at these doses serum concentrations of L-CF and TRF were achieved that warrant a phase I investigation of high-dose oral CF with standard dose FUra in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 3501546 TI - Absorption kinetics of orally administered leucovorin calcium. AB - Oral dose proportionality and pharmacokinetics of leucovorin [(d,l)-5 formyltetrahydrofolate (5-formyl-THF)] were studied in 30 healthy male subjects. In a randomized cross-over design, 24 fasted subjects were given 4 of a series of 5 single test doses between 20 and 100 mg, at 1-week intervals, of 5-formyl-THF as an oral solution of leucovorin calcium. Six separate subjects received 200 mg iv and po in a 2-way crossover. Blood and urine samples were collected over 24 hours for differential microbiological folate assays using Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus faecalis. Using L casei activity to measure total serum folates, the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinite time (AUC[0-infinity]) was calculated. Relative bioavailabilities were 78%, 62%, 49%, and 42% for the 40-, 60-, 80-, and 100-mg doses, respectively. Both the AUC and peak concentration (CPEAK) of total folates (consisting predominantly of the major metabolite, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF], displayed significant deviation from linearity consistent with a saturation of folate absorption. Absolute bioavailability of the 200-mg oral dose of leucovorin based on AUC was 31% compared with that of the iv dose (6,848 vs. 22,298 ng.hr/ml, respectively). Total clearance, terminal half-life, and apparent volume of distribution of total folate at the 200-mg dose were not significantly different between the two routes of administration. Eighty-three percent of the biologically active iv dose was recovered in the urine within 24 hours, 31% as 5-methyl-THF. Twenty percent of the same oral dose was excreted in 24 hours, 16% as 5-methyl-THF. In contrast to the nondose-proportionality observed in total serum folates, AUC of the small component of S faecalis activity, which appeared earlier than 5-methyl-THF, displayed linear kinetics, suggestive of a distinct mechanism of uptake. As dose increased, S faecalis activity increased in relative proportion to L casei, indicating that saturation of the enzymatic bioconversion to 5-methyl-THF may also be occurring. In light of the demonstrated nondose-proportionality of total folates with oral leucovorin in this dose range, consideration should be given to parenteral administration in regimens employing higher doses. Oral administration should be at a level consistent with the capacity for efficient folate uptake. PMID- 3501548 TI - Methotrexate-leucovorin factor rescue regimens in diffuse large cell lymphoma. AB - Early studies of methotrexate (MTX) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and the rationale for high-dose MTX (HDMTX)-leucovorin (LV) rescue are briefly reviewed. In Phase II studies at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, published in 1977, HDMTX LV (1-7.5 g/m2 MTX) was given to 12 patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) failing prior chemotherapy. Five (24%) patients responded, including 2 with complete remissions (CR). HDMTX, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dexamethasone (M-BACOD) was developed (MTX = 3 g/m2 on day 14 of each cycle) in an effort to reduce relapse between cycles of chemotherapy and also to prevent subsequent CNS relapse. Results in 101 patients published in 1983 showed CR in 72% with a projected survival of 59% out to 5 years. For CR patients, survival was 85% with disease-free survival 74%. In order to render the program more feasible, as well as reduce potential toxicity and cost, moderate dose MTX-LV (200 mg/m2 MTX on day 7 and 14) was substituted for HDMTX-LV. Preliminary results from this new protocol, moderate-dose MTX, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dexamethasone (m-BACOD), as of November 1985 in 80 patients, show CR in 60 (75%) patients. The 2-year survival is 70% with a projected 4-year survival of 60%. Review of both protocols shows similar results including rate of CNS relapse (about 5%). In a multivariate analysis, 3 prognostic groups have been defined, which will allow for new therapeutic strategies in future studies. Prospective randomized trials will be required to determine the role, dose, and schedule of MTX-LV in DLCL. PMID- 3501549 TI - Selective influence of rat genotype on age-related regional changes in forebrain muscarinic binding. AB - Muscarinic binding was analyzed in the hippocampus and frontal cerebral cortex of 3 (young) and 24-month-old (aged) inbred Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), Brown-Norway (BN) and Lewis rats, by the specific binding of the antagonist quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB). While no age-related changes were detected in the hippocampus of all strains, complex changes were found in the cortex. Maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of [3H]QNB was decreased in the cortex of aged WKY rats, remained unchanged in the BN strain and was elevated in Lewis rats. We conclude that regional differences exist in age-related changes in forebrain muscarinic binding which are probably due to differences in the types and connections of cholinoceptive neurons in these regions. The results suggest that it is the rate of these changes which is affected by the rat genotype. PMID- 3501550 TI - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on dopamine synthesis and release in the rabbit retina in vitro. AB - The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on the synthesis and release of dopamine (DA) was investigated in the retina of the rabbit in vitro. The results indicated that MPTP did not affect the synthesis of DA, but increased its release. Blockade of the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with pargyline (100 microM) did not abolish the capacity of MPTP to release DA. Similarly, these pharmacological effects of MPTP were not dependent on the presence or absence of melanin. PMID- 3501551 TI - Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human brain. AB - We have measured corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the brain of 3 humans who had died of natural causes using a radioimmunoassay for human CRF. The peptide was widely and heterogeneously distributed and showed interspecies differences when compared with rat and rabbit. The highest concentrations were in hypothalamus, with substantial concentrations in cortex, and low or undetectable concentrations in several basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus. PMID- 3501552 TI - Remission of hemineglect and anosognosia during vestibular stimulation. AB - The effects of vestibular stimulation on extrapersonal and personal neglect and on awareness of disease were investigated in four patients with severe neglect and anosognosia. Neglect phenomena improved in all patients, while an effect on anosognosia was found in two cases. These preliminary findings indicate a possible role of vestibular stimulation on hemispheric activation. PMID- 3501554 TI - Inhibition of Na+-dependent GABA uptake in isolated frog sensory nerve cell bodies by extra- and intracellular Li+. AB - The effect of Li+ on the Na+-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake was investigated by examining the effects of external and internal Li+ ([Li]o and [Li]i) on GABA-gated Cl- current (ICl) in the frog dorsal root ganglion cells using the suction pipette technique which allows the internal perfusion under voltage-clamp condition. The suppression of GABA responses in the presence of external Na+ ([Na]o) was larger at lower than at higher GABA concentration. Replacement of [Na]o with Li+ completely removed the Na+ suppression, and GABA dose-response curve in Li+ external solution agreed well with that in Na+-free (Tris+) external solution. Either increasing [Li]i) or internal Na+ ([Na]i) at a constant [Na]o equally reduced the Na+-dependent suppression of GABA-gated ICl. The results indicate that both the [Li]o and [Li]i remove in different manner the [Na]o-dependent suppression of GABA-induced ICl:i.e. the [Li]o acts as a blocker of Na+-GABA co-transport mechanism while the increase of [Li]i decreases the Na+ electrochemical potential gradient across the soma membrane as well as [Na]i does. PMID- 3501553 TI - Neuropsychological and cerebral metabolic function in early vs late onset dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Differences in age at onset of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) have been associated with differences in cognitive impairments and course of the disease. To investigate this, we examined cerebral metabolism and cognitive performance in early and late onset DAT patients, who had equivalent duration and severity of illness. Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose were measured in the resting state by positron emission tomography using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D glucose. A cross-sectional analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups in performance on neuropsychological tests, but the early onset patients showed significantly more parietal metabolic dysfunction than did the late onset patients. Longitudinal analysis showed no significant differences between early and late onset patients in rate of cognitive decline over a mean interval of 19 months. Thus, our results do not support the hypothesis of different subgroups in DAT based on age at onset, nor suggest a faster rate of cognitive decline in younger patients. PMID- 3501555 TI - Specific binding of [3H]inositol trisphosphate to rat cerebral cortical microsomal membranes. AB - Specific binding sites for inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3) were demonstrated in rat cerebral cortical microsomal membranes using [3H]IP3 as the ligand. The binding was displaceable (IC50 for IP3 = 28 nM), high affinity (Kd = 20 nM) and saturable (Bmax = 7.75 pmol/mg protein). Kinetic studies showed an extremely rapid time-course of [3H]IP3 binding with half-maximal binding achieved in less than 1 min and equilibrium binding was attained by around 5 min. These results are in accord with the proposed function of IP3 in mobilizing intracellular calcium from endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3501556 TI - Childhood acoustic neuroma. PMID- 3501557 TI - Granular dystrophy of the cornea (Groenouw's type I). Is the keratocyte the primary source after all? AB - Corneal buttons from 2 patients from unrelated families with granular dystrophy were examined by light and electron microscopy. An electron-dense substance was noted between the basal epithelial cells; polymorphic electron-dense deposits ('rod-shaped' bodies) could be demonstrated subepithelially, between the stromal lamellae and also within the cytoplasma of the keratocytes. Our findings give credence to the view of earlier authors that the keratocyte is the primary source of the abnormal material. PMID- 3501558 TI - Bilateral retrobulbar optic nerve infarctions after blood loss and hypotension. A clinicopathologic case study. AB - A 59-year-old woman with anemia became totally blind after repeated gastrointestinal bleeding and acute hypotension. Neuropathologic examination was normal apart from bilateral infarctions centered on the orbital portion of the optic nerves. This is the only "pure" histopathologic study of visual loss after hemorrhage and hypotension in the recent literature, the single previous case being complicated by arteriosclerosis and vasculitis. The authors suggest that visual loss after hypotension is of three types. Profound hypotension in patients with neither anemia nor arteriosclerosis generally causes water-shed infarctions in the parietal and occipital lobes. Brief hypotension combined with arteriosclerosis favors juxtalaminar optic nerve infarction indistinguishable from spontaneous anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. In anemic patients without arteriosclerotic risk factors, hypotension is likely to cause infarction in the orbital optic nerve, where pial end vessels are subject to compression from hypoxic edema. PMID- 3501559 TI - Causation and management of microbial keratitis in subtropical Africa. AB - Microbial keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness in developing countries. One hundred thirty-one episodes of corneal infection in 120 patients over an 11-month period from Soweto, South Africa, were reviewed. Severe staphylococcal lid disease, trauma, and the secondary infection of climatic droplet keratopathy were the major precedents. Unilateral mixed patterns of infection, bilateral keratitis, and childhood keratitis were common. Staphylococci, streptococci, or gram-negative enteric bacilli were the usual causative organisms. Admission rates of corneal perforation were high. Small perforations often could be managed medically without tissue glue. In developing countries, logistic problems necessitate subconjunctival antibiotic therapy; the nursing staff may be too overextended to satisfactorily maintain topical antibiotic regimens. Effective, inexpensive antibiotic dosing schedules, which are appropriate for use by the general medical officer and ancillary health worker, must be developed. PMID- 3501561 TI - [Percutaneous electric stimulation of vaso-neural trunks as a method of regulating the reparative process in fractures]. PMID- 3501560 TI - Immune complexes and complement components in Bell's palsy. AB - The serum levels of circulating immune complexes were studied in 63 patients and the complement system in 36 patients with Bell's palsy. The IgG-C1q and IgG-C3 containing immune complexes were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels were found to be significantly elevated in the acute and convalescent stages of the palsy compared with controls. The total complement activity as determined by a CH50 assay and complement component C3 titrations also showed elevated values. The levels of C2 were not altered. The results indicate in Bell's palsy an inflammatory process and an antigen-antibody response which may be triggered by a viral antigen. PMID- 3501562 TI - Pain in children aged 2-6 years: a new observational rating scale elaborated in a pediatric oncology unit--preliminary report. AB - This study was designed to test a new rating observational scale for the diagnosis and grading of pain evoked by cancer in children aged 2-6 years. We began by collecting retrospective clinical findings consisting of descriptions of children in pain. From these descriptions, an item scale was built up comprising overall patterns of behavior specific to pain. Because depression and anxiety like items occurred very frequently in the descriptions, they were included in the rating scale. The present preliminary report gives the results of the scale, which was tested in 80 children, chosen because they were liable to be in pain. Each child was evaluated by 2 nurses and 2 auxiliaries. Sensitivity and reproducibility were satisfactory. Factorial correspondence analysis showed that both depression and pain items contributed to the first axis, which accounted for 51% of the variance. A second axis was found, which contrasted anxiety and pain items, but it only accounted for 13% of the variance. These results suggest that in young children, pain evoked by severe disease leads to a depression-like reaction that correlates with that pain's intensity. They indicate that in children of pre-school age, pain can be assessed by observing its overall specific patterns. PMID- 3501563 TI - Abnormal single-unit activity recorded in the somatosensory thalamus of a quadriplegic patient with central pain. AB - We have performed single unit analysis of the activity of cells located in the ventral nuclear group of thalamus in a patient with dysesthetic pain below the level of a clinically complete traumatic spinal cord transection at C5. Cells located in the parasagittal plane 14 mm lateral to the midline responded to tactile stimulation in small facial and intraoral receptive fields, which were characteristic of patients without somatosensory abnormality [30]. In this patient the 16 mm lateral parasagittal plane contained cells with receptive fields located on the occiput and neck instead of the upper extremity as would normally be expected. Cells with receptive fields on the neck and occiput had not previously been observed in recordings from single units (n = 531) responding to somatosensory stimulation [30]. Thus, on the basis of their location in a region of thalamus which normally represents parts of the body below the level of the spinal cord transection and their unusual receptive fields adjacent to these same parts of the body, we propose that the cells in the 16 mm lateral plane have lost their normal afferent input. Analysis of the autopower spectra of spike trains indicates that cells in the 16 mm lateral plane exhibited a higher mean firing rate and greater tendency to fire in bursts than cells in the 14 mm lateral plane (P less than 0.005). Finally, electrical stimulation at the recording sites in the 16 mm lateral plane evoked a burning sensation in the occiput, neck and upper extremity. These results suggest that regions of thalamus which have lost their normal somatosensory input contain neurons which exhibit abnormal spontaneous and evoked activity and that electrical stimulation of these regions can produce the sensation of burning dysesthesia. PMID- 3501564 TI - T-lymphocyte requirement for the induction of mouse macrophage procoagulant activity by Trypanosoma brucei. AB - We have previously shown that peritoneal macrophages from Trypanosoma brucei infected mice, but not from uninfected mice, expressed high levels of procoagulant activity that could not be produced in vitro by incubation of unstimulated macrophages with bloodstream forms of trypanosomes. In the present study we demonstrate that trypanosome-induced macrophage activation can be achieved in vitro by providing either sensitized (day 7 of infection) lymphocytes and trypanosomes or the supernatant fluid from this interaction. The ability of lymphocytes to secrete macrophage-activating lymphokines is enhanced up to day 12 of infection but was absent in the later stages. Although enhancement of the procoagulant activity occurred in infected nude mice, it seems that macrophage function in African trypanosomiasis, as regards the expression of procoagulant activity, is regulated by T-lymphocytes. PMID- 3501565 TI - Altered antibody isotype in cystic fibrosis: impaired natural antibody response to polysaccharide antigens. AB - Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have impaired natural (preinfection) IgG2 antibody responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide. To investigate the basis for this defect, we measured natural IgG and IgG1-4 antibody levels to Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribophosphate (PRP) and tetanus toxoid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 24 adult CF patients and 20 normal controls. Immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain allotypes were determined on 146 Caucasian CF patients and 96 controls. The tetanus toxoid-specific IgG response was predominantly IgG1. CF and control subjects had similar IgG and IgG1 antibody levels. The PRP-specific IgG response was predominantly IgG2. In contrast to tetanus toxoid results, CF patients had lower geometric mean level of PRP specific IgG compared to normal controls (p = 0.0036). ELISA results were confirmed by liquid-phase 3H-PRP-binding assay: CF patients had a geometric mean serum antibody level of 395 versus 922 ng/ml in controls (p = 0.0044). PRP specific IgG2 levels were also depressed in CF patients (p = 0.03). CF patients had a lower prevalence of the A2m(2) allotype than the local racially matched control sample (p less than 0.025). Other allotype prevalences including G2m(n) and Km(1) were similar. Impaired IgG2 antibody responses to microbial polysaccharide surface antigens in CF patients might predispose them to persistent endobronchial infection and lead to production of nonopsonizing isotype responses. The potential role of A2m(2), coded for in the H chain locus on chromosome 14, is unknown, but could be related to mucosal IgA2 antibody responses. PMID- 3501566 TI - Spontaneous and inducible interleukin 1 production from peripheral blood monocytes in bacterial and viral infections in children. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes from children with severe bacterial infection showed a high level of spontaneous (unstimulated) production of interleukin 1 (IL-1). In viral respiratory or gastrointestinal infections there usually was little or no spontaneous IL-1 production from monocytes, and the values did not differ from those of children with no infections or inflammatory disease. Lipopolysaccharide induced IL-1 production from monocytes was slightly but not significantly greater in bacterial infections than in viral infections and controls. Tuberculin (purified protein derivative)-induced IL-1 production from monocytes of patients with viral infections was significantly less than in bacterial infections and also slightly less than in controls. These results indicate that systemic bacterial infections activate spontaneous release of IL-1 from monocytes whereas uncomplicated viral infections usually do not. Tuberculin-inducible IL-1 activity of monocytes appears decreased in viral infections; this might be associated with suppressed cell-mediated immunity in such infections. PMID- 3501567 TI - B cell proliferation in acute infectious lymphocytosis. PMID- 3501568 TI - [Cellular immunity in chronic lung diseases and mucoviscidosis in children]. PMID- 3501569 TI - Determination of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) in biological fluids by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - In this article a simple method for the determination of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) in biological fluids is presented, based on reversed phase ion-pair HPLC with UV detection at 254 nm. No complicated extraction procedure is needed. The stationary phase consists of a reversed-phase C18 stainless steel column and the mobile phase of 0.005 M sodium acetate and 0.0025 M pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt (PIC-B5) as an ion-pair reagent in water (pH 6.5). DHPG is a new antiviral drug in research of the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections. As a pilot study serum and urine samples of a few patients were investigated to gain an impression of the therapeutic range of DHPG. The method is suitable for routine assay of DHPG. PMID- 3501570 TI - The effect of anticholinesterase drugs on the ionophoretically-evoked end-plate currents. AB - In order to study the sensitivity of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors exposed to anticholinesterase drugs, the ionophoretically evoked end-plate currents (e.p.c.i) in frog sartorius muscle were studied. During treatment with prostigmine (PST, 3 microM) or methanesulfonyl fluoride (MSF, 1-2 mM), the amplitude of the e.p.c.i evoked by ACh was first increased, reaching its maximum (200-400%) after 20-30 min and then decreased. If these experiments were repeated by applying carbachol (CCh) instead of ACh, an increase, although less pronounced (30-100%), was also observed. The results obtained by applying CCh cannot be ascribed to the inhibition of ACh-esterase, as CCh is not hydrolysed by this enzyme. Therefore, a direct action of both drugs on the ACh-receptor channel complex is suggested. From the comparison of the effects of PST and MSF on the responses to CCh and ACh applications, it is calculated that 20-25% of the increased response to ACh during PST treatment can be ascribed to the direct effect on the ACh-receptor channel complex. During MSF treatment, this amount results in 13-15%. The changes of the time course of the e.p.c.i (evoked by CCh or ACh), which is prolonged in the presence of PST and shortened during the maximum effect of MSF, suggest that the direct action of both studied drugs is different. PMID- 3501572 TI - [133Xe-DSPECT: normal values of resting cerebral blood flow and reserve capacity]. AB - Using the 133Xe-DSPECT technique, quantitative measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed before and after provocation with acetazolamide (Diamox) i.v. in 32 patients without evidence of brain disease (normals). In 6 cases, additional studies were carried out to establish the time of maximal rCBF increase which was found to be approximately 15 min p.i. 1 g of Diamox increases the rCBF from 58 +/- 8 at rest to 73 +/- 5 ml/100 g/min. A Diamox dose of 2 g (9 cases) causes no further rCBF increase. After plotting the rCBF before provocation (rCBFR) and the Diamox-induced rCBF increase (reserve capacity, delta rCBF) the regression line was delta rCBF = -0,6XrCBFR + 50 (correlation coefficient: r = -0,77). In normals with relatively low rCBF values at rest, Diamox increases the reserve capacity much more than in normals with high rCBF values before provocation. It can be expected that this concept of measuring rCBF at rest and the reserve capacity will increase the sensitivity of distinguishing patients with reversible cerebrovascular disease (even bilateral) from normals. PMID- 3501573 TI - [Radioimmunoscintigraphy using SPECT: methodology, problems and clinical experiences]. AB - Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with 111In-and 131I-labelled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against CEA and/or CA 19-9 was performed in 83 patients with various gastrointestinal carcinomas. A total of 276 body regions could be examined. The results of planar scintigraphy and SPECT were compared intraindividually. Using 111In-labelled MAbs the sensitivity of RIS was significantly improved by SPECT (88.9 vs. 52.4% with planar scintigraphy, p less than 0.01). For 131I-labelled MAbs the effect was smaller (83.9 vs. 65.6% with planar scintigraphy, n.s.). This finding can be explained by different kinetics and biodistribution of the used MAb preparations. 111In-labelled MAbs with long whole-body retention and rapid blood clearance reveal ideal qualities for SPECT; on the other hand, the short whole-body retention of 131I-labelled MAbs leads to small count rates and therefore long counting times that make delayed SPECT unsuitable in clinical practice. PMID- 3501571 TI - On the nature of delayed repolarization during sustained sodium coupled transport in frog proximal tubules. AB - In proximal tubules of the frog kidney, stimulation of coupled transport of sodium with phenylalanine leads to depolarization of the cell membrane, followed by repolarization within a few minutes. The repolarization is due to a delayed increase of potassium conductance at the peritubular cell membrane. The present study was designed to test for the role of depolarization, of calmodulin and of arachidonic acid metabolites for the delayed increase of potassium conductance. To this end, the potential difference across the peritubular cell membrane of proximal convoluted tubules (PDpt) has been recorded continuously during exposure of the lumen to phenylalanine or during galvanic current injection into a neighbouring cell. During control conditions, PDpt averages -68.6 +/- 1.0 mV (n = 45). Phenylalanine leads to a depolarization of the peritubular cell membrane by +31.5 +/- 1.3 mV (n = 20), followed by a repolarization by -12.9 +/- 1.1 mV (n = 20) within 3 min. Injection of currents from 10 to 80 nAmps leads to a depolarization by +0.83 +/- 0.01 mV/nAmps which is again followed by repolarization. A linear correlation is observed between the magnitude of depolarization (dep) and repolarization (rep) within 3 min: rep (mV) = -(0.24 +/- 0.01) dep (mV) +(2.45 +/- 0.12) mV (r = 0.90). Thus, depolarization is capable to trigger delayed repolarization. The extent of repolarization is a function of the magnitude of depolarization. The possible involvement of calmodulin or arachidonic acid metabolites has been tested for by inducing sodium coupled transport in the presence of 100 mumol/l mepacrine, 10 mumol/l indomethacin or 10 mumol/l trifluoperazine. PMID- 3501574 TI - Relationship of bacteremia to antipyretic therapy in febrile children. AB - We undertook a prospective study of children from three to 24 months of age with rectal temperatures of greater than or equal to 40.0 degrees C (104.0 degrees F) to determine if children whose fevers fail to respond to antipyretic therapy are more likely to be bacteremic than children whose fevers are lowered by antipyretic measures. Children from two clinical settings were studied: primarily black lower-class children at an inner-city hospital (n = 188) and primarily white middle-class children at a suburban hospital (n = 45). We found an overall prevalence of bacteremia of 7.3%, which was not statistically different between two hospitals. A response to antipyretic therapy, defined as a decrease in temperature of at least 1 degrees C, was seen in 83.7% of children. Children who did not respond to antipyretics had no more increased prevalence of bacteremia than did responders. We conclude that lack of fever response to antipyretics is not a clinical marker for bacteremia in children. PMID- 3501575 TI - Aortocoronary bypass surgery for Kawasaki disease. AB - A case of Kawasaki disease with precordial pain in a 6-year-old boy is described. Coronary arteriography revealed large aneurysms with subtotal obstruction of the left anterior descending artery and long-segment narrowings of the right coronary artery. The left ventriculogram revealed an old myocardial infarction of the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle. The patient was given aortocoronary bypasses using both a left internal mammary artery and a fresh saphenous vein graft to the left anterior descending artery. Serial angiographic study, performed 6 weeks after the operation, revealed these grafts were both patent. Using the two techniques together may have the potential benefit of the saphenous vein bypass graft functioning as a temporary measure to ensure survival with the hope that the internal mammary artery supply will continue to grow. PMID- 3501577 TI - Isolation of multiple biologically and chemically diverse species of epidermal growth factor. AB - We have analyzed several lots of epidermal growth factor (EGF) purified from murine submaxillary glands including "receptor grade" EGF from Collaborative Research and EGF from Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals. New England Nuclear uses "receptor grade" EGF to produce 125I-labeled EGF. Though these reagents are reported to be homogeneous, we found them to be a mixture of six species. A method was developed to separate this mixture into its component parts. The individual components were chemically characterized and tested for biological potency. N-terminal sequence analysis of the unfractionated EGF-mixture reveals three different sequences starting with residues 1, 2, or 3 of the mature peptide. Each component exhibited different degrees of mitogenic and EGF receptor binding activity indicating that the N-terminal region contributes to the biological response. The species representing the complete EGF peptide is the most active species in all biological assays. A rapid method for purification of homogeneous complete EGF from commercial EGF preparations is described. PMID- 3501576 TI - CRF-induced excessive grooming behavior in rats and mice. AB - We studied the grooming response to lateral ventricle injection of CRF in both rats and mice under similar conditions. One microgram of CRF ICV induced a pronounced increase (3- to 4-fold) in the frequency of self-grooming in rats, but only a much smaller (less than 20%) increase in mice. The minimum effective dose of CRF in rats was 300 ng. Although ACTH1-24 induced less grooming in mice than in rats, the difference in potency did not appear to be sufficient to explain the differences between the effectiveness of CRF in the two species. Whereas ACTH increased all types of grooming scored. CRF increased all forms of grooming except flank scratching with the hind limb. The major effect of CRF was to increase the number of episodes of grooming, whereas ACTH1-24 tended to prolong the length of individual episodes. The excessive grooming induced by ICV CRF was not affected by prior treatment with dexamethasone, suggesting that the increased grooming was not due to secondary release of ACTH from the pituitary. Nevertheless, ICV CRF might induce grooming by releasing MSH/ACTH from cerebral storage sites. CRF-induced grooming, like ACTH-induced grooming, was inhibited by naloxone pretreatment. Despite the small qualitative differences, CRF-induced grooming could be due to secondary release of ACTH. PMID- 3501578 TI - Effects of corticotropin releasing factor and sauvagine on social behavior of isolated mice. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and sauvagine (SVG) when injected ICV both reduced aggressive behavior and sociability while increasing defensive behavior in isolated DBA/2 mice interacting with a group-housed intruder. SVG was more effective than CRF in producing such behavioral effects. These results add further evidence to the similarity between CRF and SVG, and are discussed in terms of the involvement of these peptides in emotional reactivity in the laboratory mouse. PMID- 3501579 TI - Stereospecific inhibition of human epidermal cell interleukin-1 secretion and HLA DR expression by cis-urocanic acid. AB - UV radiation is known to photoisomerize trans-urocanic acid (trans-UCA) into a stable isomer, cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA). To study the possible immunomodulatory effects of cis-UCA, the two isomers were added separately to different in vitro assays employing human epidermal cell suspensions or purified human peripheral T lymphocytes, supplemented with epidermal cells. Cis-UCA but not trans-UCA suppressed interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by epidermal cell suspensions in a dose-dependent fashion and diminished the number of HLA-DR positive epidermal cells to 61% of control values. An inhibitory effect on epidermal cell accessory function could be demonstrated with both isomers of UCA, but only if UVB-irradiated epidermis was used as a source for the epidermal cells. Taken together, the findings of our study lend indirect support to the concept of cis-UCA as a possible mediator of UV-radiation-induced immunosuppression. PMID- 3501580 TI - Stability of PABA after UV irradiation in vivo and in vitro. AB - Sunscreens are widely used for the prevention of acute and chronic sun damage. One of the most widely used sunscreens is para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). It has been reported that PABA decomposes on exposure to air and light as well as exposure to high doses of UVB. In the present study we found that PABA was stable during long-term storage. PABA seems to be stable after irradiation of physiological doses of UVA and UVB in vitro. However, the in vivo studies demonstrate that significantly less PABA could be extracted from UVA-irradiated sites compared to controls. PMID- 3501582 TI - Cardiac bypass surgery with haemorrhagic endocrine sequelae. AB - Cardiac bypass surgery is associated with changes in haemostatis which can lead to bleeding. This report highlights two examples of such bleeding which led to unusual clinical presentations and endocrinological consequences: adrenal and pituitary haemorrhage. PMID- 3501581 TI - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for the general physician. PMID- 3501583 TI - Fansidar--a treatment for AIDS-related pneumocystis? PMID- 3501584 TI - Stroke after heavy cannabis smoking. PMID- 3501585 TI - Suppression of human B cell proliferation by prostaglandin E. PMID- 3501586 TI - The role of endothelial cells in hematopoiesis. PMID- 3501588 TI - Structure of the gene for human interleukin-3 or multi-CSF. PMID- 3501587 TI - Hemoglobin switching across vertebrate classes: exchange of developmental signals by cell fusion. AB - Our aim is to obtain evidence for trans-acting factors that regulate developmental hemoglobin (Hb) switching. Our approach is to fuse erythroid cells that have different developmental programs, allowing the trans-acting factors from the adult cell to have access to the nucleus of the fetal or embryonic cell and vice-versa. After cell fusion, the heteropolykaryons are cultured for six hours, and globin gene expression is assayed at two levels: (1) at the level of mRNAs on dot blots hybridized with globin-specific cDNA probes, and (2) at the level of fully-formed Hb tetramers separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Since the donor erythroid cells are from different species, it is easy to determine which globin gene products are from which nucleus. And since there is no nuclear fusion for at least twelve hours, the Hb switching that occurs is due to regulation in trans. Our results show that developmental Hb switching occurs in mouse-frog erythroid cell polykaryons. When DMSO-induced murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells (which express only adult mouse Hbs) are fused with Rana tadpole RBCs (which express only embryonic and fetal like Hbs), the resultant heteropolykaryons express adult frog globin mRNA and adult frog Hbs. We conclude that there are developmental stage-specific trans acting factors for Hb switching, that trans-acting factors from adult mouse erythroid cells can induce expression of adult frog globin genes in a tadpole RBC nucleus, and that Hb switching mechanisms are conserved across vertebrate classes. PMID- 3501589 TI - Selective lesion of neurons in primary cell cultures by MPTP and ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A). PMID- 3501590 TI - Effect of treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/MPTP/on mouse substantia nigra in vitro. Fluorescence and electron microscopic examination. PMID- 3501591 TI - Tetrazoles as potent anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Various new tetrazoles were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenin-induced paw oedema in albino rats. Among these, two most potent derivatives were evaluated in detail using cotton pellet implantation methods in albino rats of either sex. These two active analogues were also tested for their analgesic activity in albino mice and ulcerogenic liability in albino rats. All derivatives of the present series were evaluated for their antiproteolytic activity. The toxicity of the compounds was assessed by determination of their approximate LD50 in albino mice. An attempt has also been made to establish the structure activity relationship. PMID- 3501592 TI - Kinetic data analysis with a noisy input function. AB - Methods of parameter estimation are proposed for the analysis of dynamic experiments in which the input function is noisy. Noise in the input function leads to uncertainties in the calculated model-predicted values, and therefore the covariance matrix of the residuals is a function of the model parameters. These statistical uncertainties in the model-predicted values significantly change the nature of the fitting process and the quality of the results. The proposed optimisation methods use weighted least-squares criteria, and three choices for the weighting matrix are considered. The proposed weighting matrices, in order of complexity are: (1) the identity matrix (no weighting), (2) the covariance matrix of the data (ignoring the noise in the input function), and (3) the full covariance matrix of the residuals (incorporating both the noise in the data and the noise in the input function). The methodology is applied to dynamic emission tomography studies of the heart, where the blood (input) and tissue tracer concentrations at each time are derived from two regions of interest in the same tomographic slice. Computer stimulations of compartmental systems show that parameters and their covariance matrix are more accurately estimated when the full covariance matrix of the residuals is used as a weighting matrix rather than either of the other two methods. For the practical example considered, parameter bias was increased by a factor of at least four when the noise in the input function was ignored, and one parameter had a bias of 24% when the unweighted least-squares criterion was used. PMID- 3501593 TI - The effect of oral stimulation on human parotid salivary flow rate and alpha amylase secretion. AB - Unilateral parotid saliva was collected from ten subjects following oral stimulation with water as baseline, and aqueous solutions of starch (2.5, 5.0, and 10%), sucrose (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 M) sodium chloride (0.075, 0.15, and 0.30 M), and citric acid (0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 M). Salivary flow rate increased with increasing levels of each taste stimulus. At concentrations of equal taste intensity, citric acid evoked the highest flow rate, followed by sodium chloride and sucrose, while starch, in solution, had a minimal effect. Secretion rate patterns for total protein and alpha-amylase mirrored those of flow rate. The total protein and alpha-amylase concentrations of the saliva, and specific activity of alpha-amylase, were influenced by the type but not the concentration of stimulus, with citric acid stimulation resulting in the lowest concentrations and highest specific activity. Sodium ion (Na+) concentration generally increased with increasing stimulated flow rate, while K+, Ca++, and Mg++ concentrations remained relatively constant. Subjects with lower flow rates had a more concentrated saliva than those with high flow, except for Na+ concentration. Oral stimulation resulted in similar changes in protein and alpha-amylase secretion rates for the two groups. PMID- 3501594 TI - The effect of operant and electrode placement on self-stimulation train duration response functions. AB - Multiple operants have been used to assess the effects of drugs on self stimulation. It has typically been assumed that changing the operant used to obtain brain stimulation represents a simple performance manipulation. However, the validity of this assumption has been challenged by several research findings. The present study sought to clarify the role of response topography and slight differences in electrode placement on operant-induced shifts in self-stimulation thresholds and response rates. Thresholds and rates were determined for three operants (leverpressing, nosepoking and omnidirectional leverpressing) using two bilaterally placed electrodes. In addition, the response topographies used to perform each operant were evaluated. It was found that the relationship between the thresholds and rates produced by the operants was more dependent on the electrode placement than operant or subject-specific factors. The results of this experiment suggest that the characteristics of the stimulation site determine the relationship among different operants. This finding may be due to differences in the reward substrate or stimulation-induced behaviors activated at various brain loci. PMID- 3501595 TI - Measurement of intracranial self-stimulation thresholds using the post reinforcement pause. AB - A method for measuring the current threshold for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) using the post-reinforcement pause (PRP) is described. Rats trained to lever press on a fixed ratio schedule for ICSS in prefrontal cortex, medial forebrain bundle, ventral tegmental area or periaqueductal gray received stimuli of opposite polarity in an alternating fashion. Stimuli of one polarity were sufficient to maintain ICSS responding by themselves (maintaining stimuli). Stimuli of the other polarity were systematically varied in 5-10 microA steps (experimental stimuli). PRPs following both maintaining (Pm) and experimental (Pe) stimuli were measured, and the ratio Pm/Pe was calculated. The PRP threshold was defined as the lowest experimental stimulus current producing PRP ratios significantly less than the ratios produced by all lower current steps. After the PRP threshold for one polarity was determined in 5 daily sessions, the experimental and maintaining stimuli were reversed, and the PRP threshold was measured for the alternate polarity. Rates of ICSS on a continuous reinforcement schedule were subsequently measured at currents around the PRP threshold. Rates increased sharply at PRP threshold, suggesting a correlation between PRP threshold and reinforcement threshold. Similar results were obtained from all four ICSS sites indicating the broad applicability of the PRP threshold method. PMID- 3501596 TI - Activation of male-typical aggression by testosterone but not its metabolites in C57BL/6J female mice. AB - Ovariectomized adult C57BL/6J mice were exposed to androgens, estrogens, or combined androgen-estrogen treatments and tested for the display of male-typical aggressive behavior toward olfactory bulbectomized stimulus males. Among the androgenic treatments (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or methyltrienolone) only testosterone, which, in contrast to the other androgens, can be aromatized, activated fighting behavior. In the second experiment, estradiol benzoate (EB) was totally ineffective as an aggression-promoting compound. Lastly, combined EB+dihydrotestosterone also did not induce male-like aggression. These data suggest that T itself may be capable of promoting aggression without undergoing aromatization or 5 alpha-reduction. PMID- 3501597 TI - L-5-hydroxytryptophan attenuates positive psychotic symptoms induced by D amphetamine. AB - Brain serotonin has been hypothesized to be involved in the modulation of psychotic symptoms in at least some forms of schizophrenia. We examined the effects of the serotonin precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) on D-amphetamine induction of acute psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Preadministration with 5HTP significantly antagonized amphetamine-elicited elevations in thought disturbance, activation, and hallucinations. PMID- 3501598 TI - Incidence of schizophrenia in Ireland. AB - This paper reports an investigation of the incidence of schizophrenia in Ireland by means of standardized case-finding procedures. Our findings do not support the popular belief, based on first admissions figures, of a raised incidence in Ireland. We show this to have been considerably overestimated. PMID- 3501599 TI - Peptidoleukotrienes induce an endothelium-dependent relaxation of guinea pig main pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta. AB - The purpose of our investigation was to assess the role of the endothelium in the vasomotor effects of leukotrienes. Norepinephrine-preconstricted rings isolated from guinea pig main pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta responded to LTC4 and LTD4 with a concentration-dependent relaxation. In endothelium-denuded rings, both LTC4 and LTD4 caused a concentration-dependent contraction. The LTD4 receptor antagonist ICI 198,615 inhibited both LTC4- and LTD4-induced relaxation and contraction. Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with AT-125 prevented the effects of LTC4, but not those of LTD4. The relaxant effect of LTD4 was not modified by indomethacin, but was abolished by methylene blue. We conclude that: 1) LTD4 induces a receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation of cavian pulmonary artery and aorta; 2) the vasorelaxant effect of LTC4 requires its conversion to LTD4; 3) the vasorelaxant effect of LTD4 is unrelated to PGI2 release, and is probably due to the release of an "EDRF"; 4) the removal of the endothelium reveals a direct receptor-mediated vasoconstricting effect of leukotrienes. PMID- 3501601 TI - Immunology of the rheumatic disease. PMID- 3501602 TI - [A case of exostosis of the base of the acetabulum in a child with multiple exostoses]. AB - The authors report a case of an exostosis of the base of the acetabulum seen at the age of four months in a routine radiograph of the pelvis in a child suffering from osteochondromatosis. The growth in size of this exostosis led to subluxation of the hip at the age of three years. Surgical removal resulted in reduction of the subluxation and restoration of joint stability three years after operation. An intra-acetabular site for an exostosis has rarely been described. PMID- 3501600 TI - Effects of adrenergic blockers on corticotropin-releasing factor-induced behavioral changes in rats. AB - The effects of adrenoreceptor blocking agents on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced behavioral changes in rats were examined. The i.c.v. injection of 1 micrograms ovine CRF significantly increased the grooming frequency, number of occurrences of rearing and total distance moved. I.c.v. administered phentolamine at a dose of 10 nmol completely suppressed the increase in rearing and total distance moved induced by CRF without affecting the grooming frequency, whereas 100 nmol phentolamine significantly decreased the grooming frequency as well as the rearing and total distance moved. In contrast, propranolol reduced the increase in rearing induced by CRF only at a dose which induced ataxia in rats. The increases in rearing and total distance moved induced by CRF were reduced by 10 nmol of yohimbine and 100 nmol of prazosin. S.c. injection of caffeine (10 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in grooming frequency, rearing, and total movement. Administration of 10 nmol phentolamine and yohimbine did not affect these behavioral changes induced by caffeine, while 100 nmol prazosin suppressed them. Therefore, prazosin depressed the behavior of rats non-specifically. These results suggest that CRF-induced behavioral hyperactivity is mediated at least in part by alpha-noradrenergic, mainly alpha 2-noradrenergic, systems in the brain. PMID- 3501603 TI - Thymus alteration in hepatic regeneration. AB - We performed 70% hepatectomy in LEW rats and examined immunologic alterations during hepatic regeneration; especially, thymus weight and cell count, T-cell subpopulations, differentiation ratio of thymocytes (DR) and ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells (Th-Tsc). Strongest liver regeneration was observed on postoperative days 2-5 and it was completed on day 7. During hepatic regeneration a significant thymus atrophy in weight and cell count was found on day 3 and 5, it normalized from the 7th day on. T-cells were highly differentiated during liver regeneration with a DR of 35.7 +/- 2.5%, 64.0 +/- 4.4% and 38.8 +/- 3.0% on postoperative days 3, 5, and 7, respectively, and at the same time Th-Tsc ratio was reduced to 0.57 +/- 0.11, 0.38 +/- 0.04 and 0.57 +/- 0.05, respectively. DR and Th-Tsc ratio showed a trend to normalization from the 7th day on. No changes of thymus and T-cell subpopulations occurred in a sham operated control group. Since we found such thymus alterations also in spontaneous or drug induced tolerant graft recipients, we conclude that the hepatic regenerative potential possesses a suppressive effect on immune responses. PMID- 3501604 TI - Intravitreal injection of liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir in a rabbit model. AB - The authors determined the intravitreal clearance of liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir. Liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir (84.1 micrograms/0.1 ml) was injected into the vitreous cavity of New Zealand rabbits, which were killed at 24 hours and 7, 14, and 28 days after injection. Total ganciclovir concentrations in the vitreous, up to 28 days, were higher than ID50 (50% inhibitory dose) for different clinical and laboratory strains of viruses belonging to the herpes simplex family. PMID- 3501605 TI - [Evidence for the pre-myeloid origin of the dyshemopoietic anemias: acute lymphoblastic B-lymphocyte leukemia following an undifferentiated myelodysplastic syndrome (type I in the FAB classification)]. PMID- 3501606 TI - [Acute malignant lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the lungs and skin, associated with bone marrow hyperplasia. Report of a case]. PMID- 3501607 TI - [The laser and its uses in gastroenterology]. PMID- 3501608 TI - Strain differences in the sleep of rats. AB - Sleep was measured in two inbred rat strains (Lewis and Brown Norway) and their F1 hybrids to investigate patterns of inheritance and to provide a starting point for future studies of F2 and recombinant rats. Recordings from chronically implanted electrodes were quantified and scored by a computerized system; results were evaluated by an analysis of variance with pairwise comparisons by the Tukey HSD test. Brown Norway rats had the highest paradoxical sleep (PS) percentages; Lewis rats had the lowest. Hybrid rats had PS percentages intermediate between parent strains and significantly different from both. These results suggest codominance or multigenic transmission of PS amounts. There were no group differences of number of PS bouts; Brown Norway and hybrid rats had longer bouts than Lewis rats. Lewis and hybrid rats had similar amplitudes of the diurnal rhythm of PS, which were higher than those of Brown Norway rats; single gene transmission remains possible for diurnal rhythm amplitude. Thus, inheritance of PS percentage and rhythm amplitude appear independent. No group differences in PS latency were found. PMID- 3501609 TI - [Histiocytosis X of the jaw. I. Anatomico-clinical study apropos of 61 cases]. AB - 61 cases of histiocytosis X of jaws were reported here. They occurred more often in man (72% of men) than in woman, with an average age of 27 years. The mandible was affected more frequently than the maxilla. Clinically, dental expulsion, gingival swelling, fractures or pain were the usual symptoms. Roentgenographic examination showed either central or peripheral (alveolar bone) osteolytic areas. The histologic diagnosis was easy when eosinophilic polymorphous leukocytes or histiocytes were preponderant. In the other cases, immunohistochemistry (positivity of S-100 protein) and electron microscopy (presence of Birbeck granules about paraffin embedded specimens) were of a great usefulness. The prognosis of the disease was mainly related to the diffusion of lesions to other skeletal portions or extraskeletal localizations (37% of our cases). It has been improved by combination of chemotherapy to surgery (despite of frequent recurrences), 40 upon 45 patients are well after a follow-up of 2 to 10 years after the last localization. PMID- 3501611 TI - Proceedings of a symposium: Rheumatology in transition. Uppsala, Sweden, 23-24 October 1986. PMID- 3501610 TI - [Periodontal diseases in adults. Immunohistochemical study of inflammatory cells and of collagen]. AB - An immunohistochemical study was performed on 9 gingival biopsy specimens from patients suffering of a periodontal disease comparatively to 7 control specimens from patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasia of various causes and from healthy gums. We used mono or polyclonal antibodies as markers of the different types of inflammatory cells (T-1 lymphocytes and their subsets, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells). In patients with periodontal disease, the high percentage of transformed T-lymphocytes with a majority of helpers was obvious. In controls, the inflammatory cells were principally B-lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. The characterization of different types of collagen produced by periodontal fibroblasts was performed by specific antibodies (anti I, III, V collagen sera). The respective ratio and the topographic distribution of those collagen substances were different in patients with periodontal disease and controls. In the first eventuality, one could find quite exclusively type I collagen. In the other group, type I collagen was associated with type III sub epithelial and type IV perivasor ar collagen. By means of these findings, the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease was discussed and its immune mechanism was suggested. PMID- 3501612 TI - External shape of enamel crystals. AB - Biological hydroxyapatite crystals are either small, as in bone and dentin, or large as in enamel. Enamel crystallites are unique since each is initiated and grows in length, thickness and width until the entire layer of enamel is secreted. In maturation, these extremely long crystallites grow only in thickness and width. Crystal growth in vitro follows physico-chemical principles, but lacks biological intelligence; in vivo this intelligence is contributed by protein templates. The location of the organic template in enamel is congruent with the crystallite, constituting the crystal ghost. Since crystals cannot accommodate proteins, the explanation is logically inconsistent. In sections, enamel crystallites, appear hexagonal, and this is interpreted as their cross-sectional shape. Since this hexagonal image also contains the crystal ghost, the notion that hexagons do not represent true cross-sections was explored with models of crystallite shape. Hexagonal rods were compared to rectangular or rhombohedral rods. Whereas segments of hexagonal rods in the section should project as octagons at the electron microscope imaging plane, and octagonal profiles are never found, rectangular or rhombohedral rod segments project as hexagons. Assuming the organic template covers the crystal exterior, the projected rhombohedral segment, appearing hexagonal, would seem to contain the protein, hence explaining the apparent presence of the crystal ghost. PMID- 3501613 TI - Complement and dengue haemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome. AB - The complement system is activated in DHF/DSS. The peak of activation and the presence of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins coincided with the onset of shock and leakage. The levels of C3a correlated well with disease severity. This indicated an important role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of shock. Circulating immune complexes as assayed by two standard techniques were not detected in the majority of patients, and if detected were found in small amount. The role of circulating immune complexes in the activation of complement in DHF/DSS needs to be reinvestigated, and other possible mechanisms leading to complement activation should be sought. PMID- 3501614 TI - Immunological changes and recovery in patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever. AB - In studying the immunological changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever, three phases of investigations had been carried out. During the earlier phase of investigation, significant immunological findings were obtained, namely the elevation of immunoglobulins, activation of complements, formation of circulating immune-complexes and diminished number of T lymphocytes. The changes tended to recover during the convalescent phase. During the second phase of investigation, the extended studies revealed further confirmation of T cell impairment during the acute phase which tended to recover during the convalescent phase. Elevated number of Fc-receptor- and C3-receptor-bearing cells was also observed in some patients, variedly occurred during the acute or the convalescent phase. Elevated number of B cells was only found in small proportion. Significantly high number of activated RNA-rich lymphocytes was found in almost the half of patients. The virus-lymphocyte interaction has been demonstrated by the detection of viral antigen on the surface of lymphocytes in a proportion of patients. The circulating-immune-complexes was shown to contain viral (DEN-1) antigen. During the third phase of investigation, the impairment of T cells was further analyzed on their regulatory T populations. Impairment of total T lymphocytes, helper-T and suppressor-T was detected during the acute phase and tended to recover during the convalescent phase. The reversed changes occurred on B cells, The immunological changes and recovery are considered to be related to the stimulatory and suppressive effects of the dengue virus and regulatory mechanism. PMID- 3501616 TI - [Basic directions in the development of Soviet scientific and practical rheumatology in the last 70 years]. PMID- 3501615 TI - [Clinical picture of threatening forms of the postinfarct syndrome]. PMID- 3501617 TI - Platelet density-dependent partition of platelet-von Willebrand factor between alpha granule and non-alpha granule pools. AB - In this study, we demonstrate that platelets contain a small but significant amount of platelet-von Willebrand factor (vWf) not associated with alpha granules. When platelets free of plasma proteins are exposed to micromolar concentrations of digitonin, plasma membrane permeabilization occurs without disruption of platelet granules. Employing this technique, we have found that upon exposure of a total platelet population to 8 microM digitonin, 5% of total platelet-vWf is released into the supernatant; this occurs without release of beta-TG from alpha-granules. When platelets of discrete buoyant density profiles are tested, this extragranular platelet-vWf increased with decreasing platelet density. These findings suggest that a redistribution of platelet-vWf from alpha granule to non-granule sites occurs coincident with a decrease in platelet buoyant density. PMID- 3501618 TI - Intraplatelet levels of vWF:Ag and fibrinogen in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Several platelet function abnormalities have been described in the myeloproliferative syndromes. We have measured the intraplatelet vWF:Ag and fibrinogen (FI) in the platelet lysates by Laurell technique in 11 patients with polycythemia vera (PV), 10 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 14 with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) and 3 with myelofibrosis (MF) and these results were correlated with platelet function abnormalities. Decreased intraplatelet levels of vWF:Ag and FI were found in all the patients with ET and MF, in 8 out of 11 PV and 3 out of 14 CML. A statistical significant correlation was observed between the intraplatelet levels of vWF:Ag and FI in the control group and in CML and PV, but no correlation was found in ET and MF. No correlation was observed between the plasmatic and the intraplatelet levels of vWF:Ag and FI in any group. Evidences of platelet activation (spontaneous platelet aggregation or circulating platelet aggregates) were observed in 40% of the cases with ET and PV, and all these cases had low intraplatelet levels of both antigens. None of the cases with MF had evidences of platelet activation and 2 out of 14 patients with CML had platelet activation. The deficiency of the dense bodies was less frequent than the depletion of the alpha granules (5 out of 11 PV, 4 out of 10 ET, 6 out of 14 CML and 2 out of 3 MF). The low intraplatelet contents of vWF: Ag and FI, more frequently observed in ET and PV, may be the result of platelet activation and in vivo release, but megakaryocyte dysfunction is more likely in myelofibrosis. PMID- 3501619 TI - A new assay for high molecular weight kininogen in human plasma using a chromogenic substrate. AB - High molecular weight kininogen (HK), the cofactor of contact-activated plasma proteolysis, is currently assayed by coagulant or immunological methods. The former is limited by the need for rare, congenitally-deficient plasma and a high coefficient of variation (CV), and the latter, by failure to distinguish nonfunctional protein. The surface activation of factor XI requires HK as its cofactor to transport its zymogen form to a negatively-charged surface where it is converted to its enzymatic form by factor XIIa. Based on this principle, we developed an assay for HK using the chromogenic substrate pyroGlu-Pro-Arg-p nitroanilide (S-2366, KabiVitrum), which is hydrolyzed by factor XIa. Plasma is first acidified to inactivate protease inhibitors. After neutralization and dilution, the plasma is incubated with an excess of factor XI, factor XIIa, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (to inactivate generated kallikrein), in the presence of a negatively-charged surface (kaolin) in order to form factor XIa. EDTA is included in the buffer to prevent calcium-dependent reactions. This activation process is stopped by adding corn trypsin inhibitor to inactivate the enzyme in this reaction, factor XIIa. Then, S-2366 is added and is hydrolyzed by the factor XIa that was formed. Since factor XI and factor XIIa are in excess of the concentration of HK in the diluted plasma, HK is the rate-limiting protein in this assay for the formation of factor XIa (after subtracting the small amount of factor XIa generated in the absence of HK). The assay is specific for HK, since no activity is detected in kininogen-deficient plasma, and when compared with the HK coagulant assay, r = 0.95 and slope = 0.95. The mean of 21 normal donors was 0.98 U/ml (range 0.68 - 1.28 U/ml) as compared with pooled, normal plasma. The CV for 1 U/ml HK for the chromogenic assay was 2% as compared with 9.5% for the coagulant assay. When purified reagents become commercially available, this assay could prove useful in clinical laboratories or intensive care units for monitoring the progression of various disease states in which contact activation occurs. PMID- 3501620 TI - [Small bowel angiodysplasia. A cause of intestinal hemorrhage difficult to diagnose]. PMID- 3501621 TI - [Effect of dansylcadaverine on the epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of uridine]. AB - The increase of uridine phosphorylation during the first hour after epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation (1.25 nM) of Swiss 3T3 cells is completely blocked by 100 microM dansylcadaverine (DC). Lack of the effect of DC on uridine transport, uridine kinase activity in cell homogenate, intracellular ATP concentration and plasma membrane permeability for phosphorylated uridine derivatives makes it possible to propose the inhibition by DC (100 microM) of the activated state of uridine kinase. The rapidity of the inhibition of EGF effect and the lack of influence of DC (in tested concentration) upon the clustering of EGF-receptor complexes, rate of their internalization (Sorkin, 1985; Nikol'skii et al., 1987) and pH value of intracellular compartments (Sorkin et al., 1985; Teslenko et al., 1986) may suggest an association of DC inhibitory action with blocking of some steps of the receptor mediated endocytosis. Accumulation of DC in cell membranes, rather than in intracellular compartments with acidic pH, is a necessary factor for its blocking effect. Possibilities of DC action through the influence on calmodulin-dependent proteins or EGF-induced cell protein phosphorylation are discussed. PMID- 3501622 TI - [Lines of transformed mouse thymus cells. II. Cell morphology, karyology, ultrastructure and growth in vitro and in vivo]. AB - Morphology, fine structure, karyology and growth of intrathymus pre-T-cell cultures (TC.SC-1/1.1 and TC.SC-1/2.0) were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The cultures were induced by injecting to mice a supernatant enriched with interleukin 2. The results obtained confirm the malignant transformation of cells of the lines obtained and the involvement of endogenic lymphotropic viruses in this process. The lines obtained are defective in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. This property may serve as a basis for their use in hybridoma technology. PMID- 3501623 TI - [Electrokinetic and functional characteristics of natural killers in mice]. AB - Using adsorption methods and elimination of Thy-1+ lymphocytes, the null cell fraction was obtained. The electrophoretic mobilities of unfractionated splenocytes and different fractions of lymphoid cells and null fractions (to which the natural killers belong) were measured with "Parmoquant-2" device. Simultaneously, the natural killer activity of unfractionated splenocytes and null cell fractions was examined. PMID- 3501624 TI - A phase I study of recombinant interleukin 2 in melanoma patients. Toxicity and clinical effects. AB - Toxicity and clinical effects of a new brand of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2, BioleukinTM, Biogen, Geneva) were evaluated by a phase I study in 12 patients with stage III melanoma. Escalating doses from 100 micrograms/m2 to 800 micrograms/m2 were administered thrice a day with bolus injections given via a peripheral venous catheter for up to a maximum of 7 days. All patients showed malaise, fever and chills and mild gastrointestinal side effects. A modest electrolyte imbalance (hypocalcemia and hypokalemia) was detected in all 12 patients. Renal toxicity as judged by serum creatinine was not observed, and hepatic toxicity was moderate with the possible exception of one patient who had an unclear previous history of liver dysfunction. Mild, transient leukopenia was found in several patients, whereas thrombocytopenia developed in 4 patients; no anemia was observed. Cutaneous rash was seen in half of the patients treated. Fluid retention was minimal, with a weight gain associated to treatment that never exceeded 10% of pretreatment body weight. Electrocardiographic alterations developed in 2 patients in the form of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles. In 2 patients given the highest dose of rIL2, a significant reduction in transfer lung factor for carbon monoxide was seen, indicating alterations in pulmonary functions. Other dose-related toxicities were thrombocytopenia and malaise. All side effects disappeared 2-3 days after the end of rIL2 administration. No major responses were seen in association with the 4-8 days of treatment given in this study. PMID- 3501626 TI - [Follow-up study of elderly patients with iron-deficiency anemia without primary recognized cause]. PMID- 3501625 TI - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A follow-up study of 93 patients]. PMID- 3501627 TI - [Propofol, a new intravenous hypnotic agent]. PMID- 3501628 TI - [Electroanalgesia after operations on the abdominal organs]. AB - Electroanalgesia was used in 102 patients operated on the gastro-intestinal tract for postoperative anesthesia. The analgetic effect was obtained in 2/3 of the patients. The indicators of respiration increased and those of blood circulation remained practically the same against the background of electroanalgesia. At the same time the use of non-narcotic analgetics resulted in a reliably decreased minute volume of blood circulation below the normal limits. The authors recommend electroanalgesia in the postoperative period for patients with initial disorders of the cardio-vascular and respiratory systems. PMID- 3501629 TI - [Characteristics of the pathogenesis of suppurative-septic complications of severe trauma]. AB - The article analyzes results of examination of 261 patients with severe mechanical injuries. The examinations were performed at different periods after the trauma by biochemical and immunological methods. It was established that a number of indices (content of blood glucose, activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotranspherase and T-lymphocyte content) were reliably different depending on the clinical course and the outcome of the trauma disease. PMID- 3501630 TI - Phenotypic and functional characteristics of bovine T lymphocytes. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been derived which detect the bovine equivalents of the human pan-T cell marker CD2 and the T lymphocyte subpopulation markers CD4 and CD8. We refer to the bovine analogues as BoT2, BoT4 and BoT8. Monoclonal antibodies have also been derived which detect an antigen(s) with similarities to CD3, although the precise nature of the target molecule(s) in this instance remains to be elucidated. In general there is close similarity between the tissue distributions and, where these have been determined, the molecular masses of the BoT2, BoT4, BoT8 and putative BoT3 entities and their counterparts in other species. BoT2 is expressed on a majority of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and thymocytes and BoT2+ cells are found in both thymic cortex and medulla. In contrast, the putative BoT3 marker is expressed by a minority of thymocytes which are moreover, largely restricted to medulla. Monoclonal antibodies detecting BoT2 determinants have been shown to precipitate 55 kDa molecules. Antibodies to the BoT2 and BoT3 entities have been shown to induce proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of some cattle, and to be capable of inhibition of antigen-driven proliferative responses and cytolytic function. The BoT4 and BoT8 markers are expressed in a mutually exclusive manner by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells but they are coexpressed on a large population of thymocytes. Monoclonal antibodies have been used to precipitate molecules of 52 and 55 kDa in the case of those detecting BoT4 and 34 and 35 kDa in the case of an antibody reactive with a BoT8 determinant. The BoT4 and BoT8 markers have been associated with specificity for, and restriction by, MHC class II and class I molecules respectively. PMID- 3501631 TI - Bovine interleukin 2: regulatory mechanisms. AB - A cDNA clone of the bovine interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene has been isolated and demonstrated to produce a functional bovine IL-2 protein when transfected into either CV-1 or COS-1 monkey cells. Homology comparisons of both the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of bovine IL-2 with those of the human and mouse show extensive regions of sequence conservation between the species. The amino acid sequence of the mature bovine IL-2 protein shares about 60-63% homology with those of the human and mouse, but the 3' untranslated regions of the human and mouse gene share as much, if not greater, sequence homology with the 3' untranslated regions of the human and mouse genes. In particular, a tandemly repeated sequence (TATT), n, found in the 3' untranslated tail of the bovine IL-2 clone is also found in the 3' untranslated region of a large group of cytokine genes and other inducible genes of the lymphoid and immune response systems. This sequence may serve a specific regulatory function in the immune system. PMID- 3501632 TI - The application of hybridoma technology to the study of bovine immunoglobulins. AB - Studies are described in which hybridoma technology is used to produce a variety of reagents for the characterization and manipulation of the bovine humoral immune system. Selected members of a set of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for each of four major isotypes of bovine Ig constant regions, one specific for anti-bovine Ig constant regions as well as one specific for anti bovine light chains are discussed. Interspecific fusion of bovine lymphocytes with the established mouse cell line, SP2/0 was used to produce a collection of stable hybridomas among which were found secretors of bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA and bovine light chain. Interspecific fusion of SP2/0 with lymphocytes from a multiparous Holstein four days post immunization with Streptococcus agalactiae yielded MAb with specificity for the immunizing antigen. One of these hybridomas, LHRB 19.17, which displayed a particularly stable secretory phenotype, was used as an immunogen for the production of a library of murine monoclonal anti idiotype antibodies. Competitive antigen binding analysis showed that 15 of the 24 anti-LHRB 19.17 idiotype antibodies isolated blocked the binding of the idiotype to its nominal antigen and so were candidates for evaluation as antigen mimics. Some of the ways in which monoclonal anti-idiotypes in particular, and monoclonal in general, might be of use in problems of animal disease are discussed. PMID- 3501633 TI - Chicken immunoglobulins. PMID- 3501634 TI - [Isolation of the rabies virus and rapid diagnosis of rabies in a continuous culture of neurinoma cells from the rat gasserian ganglion]. PMID- 3501635 TI - Congruity between role expectations and actual work experience. A study of recently employed registered nurses. PMID- 3501636 TI - [Conservative methods of pain control]. PMID- 3501637 TI - [Prevalence of HIV antibodies in intravenous drug-dependent patients 1986 and 1987 in Vienna]. AB - As one of the most important risk groups for HIV infection 82 intravenous drug addicts were tested in December 85/January 86 and 159 in December 86/January 87 for HIV antibody when entering a detoxification programme of our drug addition outpatient clinic. All these drug addicts had used intravenous drugs, mostly opiates. Serum antibodies to HIV were found in 7 (8.5%) of the first sample and in 23 (14.4%) of the second sample. Among seronegative drug addicts a significantly higher use of sterile needles was found than among HIV seropositive drug addicts. Among the seropositive drug abusers a history of intravenous drug abuse outside Austria was found more often than in seronegative drug addicts. The incidence of HIV antibodies in i.v. drug addicts in Vienna appears low in comparison with figures in the Austrian Tyrol (44%), Scotland (33%), Italy (53%) and Switzerland (53%), but similar to England (10%). The low frequency in Vienna could be explained by a significantly higher use of sterile equipment. Furthermore, at the first test period a change in abuse behaviour was found; an increasing number of patients was taking oral opiates exclusively, or reduced intravenous drug intake. PMID- 3501638 TI - [Epidemiology of hypercholesterolemia in the Vienna area]. AB - Hypercholesterolaemia is the most important risk factor in coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological data are not available for the region of Vienna and the aim of this investigation was to obtain them. The municipal health investigation centres are attended by 6000 to 8000 people from the region of Vienna each year, who may voluntarily use these services once a year without any cost. We analysed total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol of 733 unselected men and women aged 20 to 79 years, who visited one of the centres in May 1986. The classification was carried out according to the recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, USA, 1984). Using these guidelines 26.0% of the men and 26.6% of the women have normal total cholesterol levels. With regard to total cholesterol 55.0% men and 44.3% women have elevated levels and 19.0% of men and 29.2% of women are at high risk of developing CHD. The mean ratios of total to HDL cholesterol, which is closely related to CHD risk, and the proportion with a value above 4.5, which is associated with elevated CHD risk, are closely related to Austrian trends in ischaemic heart disease, which are unfavourable, especially in middle aged men, the so-called "young myocardial infarctions". PMID- 3501639 TI - Excretion and metabolism of phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 2-methylphenol by the frogs Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. AB - 1. Rana and Xenopus excrete 90-95% dose, and metabolize 50-65% dose of phenol, 4 nitrophenol and 2-methylphenol within 24 h, to about the same extent. 2. Kinetic data for the excretion of phenols from both species fit a two-compartment model. The elimination constants of Rana and Xenopus are not significantly different. 3. Metabolism is mostly conjugation by glucuronidation and sulphation of the original phenols. Additionally, oxidations leading to dihydroxyphenols and benzoic acid from 2-methylphenol, and reduction of 4-nitrophenol occur, followed by conjugation. 4. There is an important difference between the metabolite patterns of Rana and Xenopus in that the latter is unable to glucuronidate phenols. As the amount of metabolites produced is similar in both species. Xenopus compensates for its inability to glucuronidate by increasing other metabolites. PMID- 3501641 TI - [Significance of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency for the respiratory tract from the occupational health viewpoint]. PMID- 3501640 TI - [Problems of the development of morbidity in East Germany from 1967 to 1984]. PMID- 3501642 TI - [Lupus erythematosus of the skin. An analysis of 97 patients]. AB - In this retrospective study, the data of 97 patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) were evaluated according to clinical and laboratory criteria. 30 patients had localized chronic discoid LE (CDLE); 44 patients showed disseminated LE lesions either of the chronic discoid or the subacute cutaneous (SCLE) type; and 23 patients had systemic LE (SLE). The mean age ranged between 21 and 50 years. The male/female ratio was 1:3 in localized LE, 1:13 in disseminated LE with general symptoms, and 1:10 in SLE. Localized LE did not, as a rule, show any general symptoms. On the other hand, 14/44 patients (= 30%) with disseminated LE revealed general symptoms such as BSR elevation, arthralgia, anemia, and leukopenia. In addition, 4/44 patients (= 9%) with disseminated skin lesions showed various extracutaneous manifestations: nephritis (2), pericarditis (2), pleuritis (2), polyarthritis (1). Arthropathy was the major clinical manifestation in SLE (18/23 patients). Immunological parameters were usually negative in localized chronic discoid LE. 7/23 patients (= 30%) with disseminated LE had elevated ANA titers; 4/26 patients (= 15%) showed increased DNA binding capacity. In 57% of the patients with disseminated LE associated with general clinical symptoms, in contrast, we found elevated ANA titers; 71 of them revealed increased DNA binding capacity. Our findings suggest that disseminated LE, especially the SCLE type, may be regarded as variant of LE which tends to transition into SLE. Moreover, ANA titers may serve as a screening method; the detection of circulating DNA antibodies, however, is considered a rather specific parameter with regard to the diagnosis of systemic manifestation. PMID- 3501643 TI - Comparison of verapamil and bepridil in the therapy of familiar cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster. AB - The effect of bepridil compared to verapamil on the cardiomyopathic hamster (Strain Bio 8262) was evaluated. Bepridil (10 mg/kg) was injected twice daily for 15 and 30 days. Verapamil (10 mg/kg) was injected twice daily for 30 days. Control animals were treated with NaCl. After life-day 30, large infarct-like lesions predominantly located in the central portion of the left ventricular walls were observed, while single cell necrosis occurred only in a few cases. In peripheral muscles, the necrotizing process started even before life-day 30. In the skeletal muscles, small foci of cell necrosis were the predominant type of lesion. Myocardial calcium accumulation and cell necrosis could be completely prevented by verapamil and were not influenced by bepridil. Both drugs were ineffective in the skeletal muscles. The infarct-like lesions of the myocardium demonstrate that a vascular component is involved in the pathogenesis of necrosis, in addition to the inherited disturbance of calcium metabolism. The results demonstrate that not all drugs with calcium antagonistic potencies have identical cardioprotective effects in the cardiomyopathic hamster. PMID- 3501644 TI - The effect of preoperative L-carnitine supplementation on myocardial metabolism during aorto-coronary bypass surgery. AB - 68 patients with defined myocardial ischemia, undergoing aorto-coronary bypass operation were assigned either to a group supplemented with L-carnitine (n = 41) or to a control group (n = 27). When extracorporeal circulation was established, a small piece of the right atrial appendage was biopsied and prepared for analysis for ATP, lactate and carnitine fractions. The ATP concentrations were higher in the patients supplemented with carnitine. A negative correlation existed between ATP and lactate levels. The amount of total carnitine was similar in both groups. However, free carnitine was higher, and long-chain acylcarnitine was lower when L-carnitine was supplemented. Postoperatively, the patients needed less inotropic medicaments, when supplemented with L-carnitine. L-carnitine supplementation in patients needed less inotropic medicaments, when supplemented with L-carnitine. L-carnitine supplementation in patients undergoing aorto coronary bypass operation proved to be effective and beneficial for the normalization of myocardial energy metabolism parameters. PMID- 3501645 TI - [Development of idiopathic scoliosis in electrostimulation treatment with an implantable system]. AB - The results of electro-stimulation treatment in 46 patients with idiopathic scoliosis are compared with the results of daily short-term stimulation respectively Milwaukee-brace treatment. The over all results in cases treated with electro-stimulation were not worse than brace results. Therefore electro stimulation treatment can be regarded as an alternative method to brace treatment with much better acceptance. PMID- 3501646 TI - Differences between LEW rats and their congenic LEW.1A and LEW.1W strains in body weight gain, plasma glucose and some hematologic traits--short communication. PMID- 3501647 TI - [Characteristics of the disorder in the composition of the internal medium and kidney function of vertebrate animals after cisplatin administration]. AB - In rats, 5 days after injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg of body weight) the urea content of the blood serum significantly increased; in pigeons, elevation of the uric acid was observed. No significant changes were found in the blood serum of the frog Rana temporaria even after injection of 40 mg/kg of cisplatin. In the black sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius, injections of 50 mg/kg of cisplatin resulted in hypermagnesemia. Swelling of the kidney and changes in its electrolyte content were observed in rats, pigeons, and frogs, the wet weight of the kidney increased in rats and pigeons. In all the animals, accumulation of platinum in the kidney was observed, its content being dependent on the injected dose. The data obtained reveal lower sensitivity of the kidney in cold blood vertebrates to toxic effect of cisplatin and demonstrate that the pattern of disturbances in composition of the blood serum is related to the extent of the excretory function of the kidney within the species. PMID- 3501648 TI - [Regulation of the heat resistance of muscle fibers in Rana temporaria tadpoles by selecting the parental gametes using quaternary ammonium compounds and chelators]. AB - In experiments on the frog Rana temporaria, studies have been made on the effect of selection of the parental sperm by quaternary ammonium compounds- tetraethylammonium and tetramethylammonium, as well as by chelating agents--EDTA and EGTA--on the heat resistance of muscle tissue in the progeny of the first generation. It was found that selection of the sperm for its maximum stability to the injurious (immobilizing) effect of these drugs affects quantitative relationship in the family between tadpoles with a high and low heat resistance of muscle fibers. Insemination of the eggs by the sperm with maximum stability to elimination by TEA and TMA favours the development of tadpoles with relatively low heat resistance of muscle fibers. On the contrary, sperm selection by EDTA and EDTA increases the amount of tadpoles with a higher heat resistance of muscles. PMID- 3501649 TI - [Characteristics of the mechanisms of the immune response in typhoid fever and the bacterial carrier state]. AB - During the acute period of typhoid fever, as well as in the early and, partially, late convalescence periods, a considerable increase in the level of T-lymphocytes and their helper activity and, in some cases, in the number of B- and D-cells and the populations of neutrophils with receptors for C3 and Fc IgG was observed. In chronic carriers immune shifts of a different character have been recorded: an increase in suppressor activity and a decrease in the number of the above mentioned neutrophils. These data prompt the use of immunological criteria for the prediction of chronic carrier state in typhoid fever. PMID- 3501650 TI - [Lymphocyte-mediated modulation of the functional activity of macrophages by individual antigenic complexes of Trichophyton cells]. AB - The capacity of antigenic complexes of the causative agent of zoo- and anthroponotic trichophytosis for inducing the factors, that modify the functional activity of macrophages, in mice and in spleen cell cultures has been studied. These complexes are capable of inducing the T-lymphocyte-mediated suppression and of stimulating the fungicidal activity (and oxygen-dependent metabolism) of phagocytes. The production of fungicidal activity suppressing lymphokines is linked with the presence of alkali-insoluble components of fungal cell walls and cytoplasmic antigens (the latter appear only in interactions of antigens with the lymphocytes of immunized animals) in the above-mentioned complexes. PMID- 3501651 TI - Is Laennec going to be followed by a technologist, or a robot? PMID- 3501652 TI - The significance of ketanserin for the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 3501653 TI - Syncope due to right atrial thromboembolism: diagnostic importance of two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Recurrent syncopes due to acute circulatory failure occurred in a 40-years-old female with a massive right atrial thromboembolus which was detected by two dimensional echocardiography (2 DE), and subsequently surgically removed. 2 DE is an excellent and rapid screening technique for the patients with right sided intracardiac masses. The use of 2 DE should be considered for patients with unclear syncopes e.g. postoperatively, following deep venous thrombosis or in cases resembling "hyperventilation syndrome". PMID- 3501654 TI - An unexpected Q fever endocarditis. Report of a case. AB - A man with blood culture negative endocarditis since 1983 received in October 1984 a mitral valve bioprosthesis. Reintervention in April 1985 was performed because of a paravalvular leak. In September 1985, mitral insufficiency reappeared and high-titer phase II Q fever antibody was detected, which has since then persisted with concomitant high-titers of phase I antibody. In serum from 1983, phase II antibody was detected on reexamination in September 1985. For unexplained reasons this antibody had not been detected in 1983. The patient has since September 1985 been successfully treated with doxycycline. The current literature is reviewed. Q fever endocarditis should be considered also in Belgium in culture negative endocarditis even in persons with no previous history of valvular disease and no known exposure to animals or unpasteurized dairy products. Quality of viral reagents and diagnosis present sometimes a challenge. PMID- 3501655 TI - [Rheumatologic vademecum for the orthopedic surgeon]. PMID- 3501656 TI - Bleeding schwannoma of the small intestine: a diagnostic problem. Case report. AB - A rare case of intermittently bleeding, solitary benign schwannoma of the small intestine is presented. The tumor was identified by abdominal selective angiography. The importance of this investigation in cases of gastrointestinal bleeding without obvious cause is stressed. PMID- 3501657 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to fistula from aortic aneurysm. Case report. AB - Two cases of gastrointestinal bleeding due to aortic aneurysm with fistula to the duodenum are reported. When upper gastrointestinal fiberendoscopy rules out the commonest sources of bleeding but reveals no specific lesion, sonography is advisable. Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are prerequisites for a successful outcome in this otherwise fatal condition. PMID- 3501659 TI - [T-lymphocyte colony formation derived from peripheral blood in cancer patients]. PMID- 3501658 TI - [Carbohydrate contents in large, intermediate and small multimers of von Willebrand factor in several types of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 3501660 TI - [Effect of monocytes on human B cell colony growth in vitro]. PMID- 3501661 TI - [Clinical analysis of hemophilia patients hospitalized at the Institute of Pediatrics in Lublin 1975-1985]. PMID- 3501662 TI - [Evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations during the remission-maintaining treatment of patients with myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 3501664 TI - The predictive value of preoperative perfusion/ventilation scintigraphy, spirometry and x-ray of the lungs on postoperative pulmonary complications. A prospective study. AB - Prospectively, 125 patients were examined with 99mTc-perfusion scintigraphy, 89mKr- or 127Xe-ventilation scintigraphy and chest radiogram prior to major surgery. Postoperative therapy-demanding pulmonary complications occurred in 18% of the patients. A statistical association could be demonstrated between all the preoperative tests except ventilation scintigraphy and the frequency of complications. However, the predictive values of each of the tests, or even the combined results, were not significantly different from the frequency of complications among all the patients. It is concluded that the predictive values of perfusion- and ventilation scintigraphy, spirometry and radiogram of the chest are too low to be of any practical use. PMID- 3501663 TI - [Various problems of hemophilia (observation of 51 patients)]. PMID- 3501665 TI - Peripheral blood B and T-lymphocyte populations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Relationship with clinical activity of the disease and chronic immunosuppressive treatment. AB - During a period of 30 months, we studied the proportions of B and T cells, and of T cell subpopulations, in 924 blood samples from 213 MS patients. The disease was clinically stable in 88 patients (271 samples), relapsing progressive in 50 (349 samples), slowly progressive in 71 (262 samples) and in acute, selfremitting relapses for 31 patients (42 samples). By comparison with controls, untreated MS patients displayed a slightly higher percentage of B-cells (p less than 0.05) and a striking decrease of the mean percentage of CD8 + cells (p less than 0.001). Within the MS group, patients with an active disease presented a more marked decrease of the number of CD8 + cells and an increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio (p less than 0.01). However, 13 out of the 88 clinically stable patients had persistently high CD4/CD8 ratios, whereas such a high ratio was observed only in 60% of samples collected during an acute relapse. Eighty patients with a progressive form of the disease were chronically treated by immunosuppressive drugs, usually cyclophosphamide (N = 69). This treatment induced within one year a marked decrease of the absolute number of B and CD4 + cells, and a return to normal values of the CD4/CD8 ratio. PMID- 3501666 TI - Spatial properties of the oscillatory potentials of the frog electroretinogram in relation to state of adaptation. AB - The spatial characteristics of the oscillatory potentials (OPs) and the a- and b waves of the frog electroretinogram (ERG) were studied during different states of adaptation induced by repetitive light stimulus given at 1 min or 15 sec interval. The spatial integration area of the OPs was found to be reduced during relatively more light-adapted conditions compared to relatively more dark-adapted ones. No major adaptive effect on the spatial summation area of the a- and b waves observed. The results indicate that the spatial changes of the OPs observed may be signalled by the amacrine cells which would thus be indirectly involved in the generation of the OPs. The spatial properties of the OPs differed from that of the a- and b-waves suggesting that the OPs have a different origin to that of the a- and b-waves. Finally, the present data indicate a clear and sensitive spatial organization in the frog ERG. PMID- 3501667 TI - Indirect injury to cranial nerves after surgery with Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Case report. AB - The Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) was used in a patient with an acoustic nerve tumour. After surgery she presented unilateral palsies of several cranial nerves. The nerve injuries were most likely induced by ultrasonic energy transmitted from the CUSA via the petrous bone. We suggest that when the CUSA is used in such operations care should be taken to avoid contact between the vibrating probe of the CUSA and the petrous bone. PMID- 3501668 TI - CT-ventriculography to control the passage of cerebrospinal fluid. Technical note. AB - In conventional ventriculography used to confirm free passage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bony overprojections often makes it difficult to visualize the contrast medium in the cranio-spinal subarachnoid spaces. CT-ventriculography offers an alternative. Because of the high density resolution, even small amounts of contrast material can be seen in the subarachnoid spaces of the cranio cervical region. Its usefulness is demonstrated in a series of 15 cases. PMID- 3501669 TI - [Comparison of test results of Panel D-15 with a 2 degrees visual field and on 8 degrees visual field]. PMID- 3501670 TI - Immunological investigations in psoriasis vulgaris and psoriasis arthritis. PMID- 3501671 TI - Human epidermal growth factor promotes lymphoproliferation. PMID- 3501672 TI - The study of byssinosis in China: a comprehensive report. AB - Cross-sectional studies were conducted during 1981-1983 among 861 textile workers in 3 cotton mills and 822 controls in 2 silk factories. Questionnaire and lung function tests were taken and inhalable dust concentrations were measured. Prevalence of byssinosis was 5.6%. Average dust concentrations were highest in carding rooms, 1.47-1.99 mg/m3. The correlations (r) between prevalence of byssinosis and dust concentrations was 0.64 (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 14.4% in cotton workers and 5.1% in controls (p less than 0.05). Acute FEV1 percent decrement (greater than 5%) was higher among cotton workers (32.1%) compared to controls (14.5%) (p less than 0.001). In one cotton blanket factory, the prevalence of byssinosis and chronic bronchitis was higher among workers in the high-dust work areas. Long-term effect studies included pulmonary function test among 173 cotton workers and 373 controls, retired 1-10 years, using the flow volume curve (FVC); chest X-rays of 140 pairs of cotton workers and controls with working tenures over 20 years; and examination of lobectomy specimens of 8 textile workers matched with 16 controls. In male cotton workers, only smokers had a prominent decrement of lung function indices, except FVC. For non-smoking females, there was no difference between the two groups. Additive effects were seen between smoking and dust exposure. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO) Pneumoconiosis Classification, the prevalence of abnormality (profusion greater than 1/0) was 4.3% and 8.7% in non smoking controls and cotton workers. The interstitial changes on X-ray due to smoking would be much heavier. Additive effects also existed between smoking and dust exposures. No significant changes attributable to dust exposure were seen on pathological section of lobectomy specimens. PMID- 3501673 TI - Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery. Middle fossa versus suboccipital approach. AB - Over the past few years there have been reports discussing the preservation of hearing after the removal of acoustic neuromas through the middle cranial fossa or the suboccipital approaches. This is a complex issue with many facets and controversies. In an attempt to answer at least some of these controversies, this article reviews the experience of our group. Preservation of hearing was attempted in thirty-four cases out of 220 acoustic neuromas. In twenty cases the middle fossa approach was used: All tumors were less than 2 cm from the fundus, and in four patients the tumor was bilateral. In sixteen of the twenty (80%) the cochlear nerve was spared; in ten of twenty (50%) measurable hearing was retained, but in only four (20%) was the postoperative hearing serviceable according to the 50/50 rule. In fourteen cases the suboccipital approach was used: All but two of the tumors were smaller than 2 cm. In three patients the tumor was bilateral. The cochlear nerve was preserved in ten of the fourteen cases (71.4%). Measurable hearing was present in four of fourteen cases postoperatively (28.6%); none had serviceable hearing according to the 50/50 rule. Hearing was not preserved in any bilateral tumor case. The middle fossa and the suboccipital approaches are discussed as well as the relative merits of each procedure in preservation of hearing. PMID- 3501674 TI - Evaluation of optokinetic nystagmus in differentiating between peripheral vestibular and infratentorial lesions. AB - Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied in ten patients with vestibular neuritis, and in seventeen patients with unilateral and thirteen patients with bilateral infratentorial lesions and compared with OKN in fifty healthy subjects. Mean and maximum slow phase velocity of OKN was calculated as well as the asymmetry of responses. The efficiency of the different variables in OKN, in discriminating between different lesion sites, was tested in a linear discriminant function analysis. Slow phase velocity of OKN could satisfactorily separate patients with infratentorial lesions from healthy subjects or subjects with vestibular neuritis. Asymmetry of OKN did not contribute further to the correct diagnosis. PMID- 3501675 TI - Medical criteria for active physical therapy. Physician guidelines for patient participation in a program of functional electrical rehabilitation. AB - Medical guidelines are presented by which the physician may evaluate a patient for participation in a program of active physical therapy (A.P.T.). A.P.T. system modalities are introduced and defined as: a) isokinetic leg trainer, b) stationary bicycle ergometer, c) outdoor exercise bicycle, and d) Functional Electrical Stimulation (F.E.S.)--Orthosis for ambulation. The physiological responses to these F.E.S. exercise modalities are reviewed. Initial and interim patient evaluations are discussed. The initial patient evaluation includes a history, physical examination, lab tests, and a report summary, all of which culminate in an F.E.S. exercise prescription. The interim patient evaluation is performed for continuation-termination purposes as well as to progress the patient through the various F.E.S. exercise modalities. Specific F.E.S. exercise progression criteria are summarized. The medical criteria are presented with respect to both patient participation in the F.E.S. exercise program and patient monitoring during the exercise itself. Specific medical criteria for patient participation in A.P.T. are organized around eight functional categories: a) level of neurological injury, b) muscular system, c) skeletal system, subdivided into bone criteria and joint criteria, d) cardiovascular system, e) respiratory system, f) urogenital system, g) cutaneous system, and h) psychological system. The medical criteria for patient monitoring during F.E.S. exercise are discussed with respect to: a) cardiovascular monitoring, b) objective patient monitoring, and c) F.E.S. exercise system monitoring. The article concludes with a discussion of informed consent when applied to an emerging treatment modality. PMID- 3501676 TI - Monoclonal antibody defined phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cancer of the uterine cervix. AB - Immunological phenotypes of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of 100 patients with different stages and histologies of cancer of the uterine cervix were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and F(ab)2 fragments of antihuman immunoglobulin. The T lymphocyte population was decreased in advanced cases of the cancer along with a rise in the B cell numbers. The OKT4+ cells generally showed a decrease in the cancer patients in contrast to the increase shown by the OKT8+ cells. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was altered in this cancer except in patients with stages I and IIA. In terms of histology, the poorly differentiated tumors showed a higher imbalance of the cellular composition when compared to the well differentiated and moderately differentiated tumor-bearing patients. These findings point toward a possible alteration in the immune effector cells of these cancer-bearing patients. PMID- 3501677 TI - Placental immunotrophism: maternal T cells enhance placental growth and function. PMID- 3501678 TI - Enchondral cartilage rests collagen-induced autoimmunity: a possible pathogenetic mechanism of otosclerosis. AB - Collagen autoimmunity has been suggested as one etiologic mechanism to otosclerosis. Although substantial studies relating this disease to collagen autoimmunity have been reported, a basic understanding of the pathogenic mechanism involved is lacking. Some otosclerosis patients have a high level of antibody to type II collagen. In addition, complement and antibody were deposited in the stapes from otosclerosis patients. Furthermore, the otic capsule and stapes have been found to contain type II collagen by immunohistologic studies and biochemical analysis. Otospongiosis-like lesions have also been produced in rats by immunizing them with type II collagen. This finding led us to postulate a hypothesis of an autoimmunity to type II collagen as an etiopathogenesis of this illness. Our initial hypothesis has been updated to incorporate new findings in the field of cell biology. The role of interleukin 1, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, bone resorption, and other factors such as minor collagens, calcitonin, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, collagenase, and prostaglandins are incorporated in this updated hypothesis. PMID- 3501679 TI - Bone resorption in experimental otosclerosis in rats. AB - Localized bone resorption in the otic capsules of experimental rats was induced by immunization with type II collagen. The otospongiosis-like lesion showed enlarged vascular spaces that contained many fibroblasts and macrophages as well as occasional osteoclasts. A high level of acid phosphatase activity in the sera of immunized rats suggested that this enzyme is one of the important factors causing decalcification of the bony otic capsule, the first step of bone resorption. Immunofluorescent assay showed that collagenase and cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin synthetase) appeared within macrophages, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts in the bone resorption areas. These findings suggest that the collagenase and prostaglandin synthetase being produced by macrophages, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts are also involved in the processes of bone resorption in otospongiosis. Immunolocalization assay showed deposition of immunoglobulin and fibronectin on the bone matrix and vascular wall within the otospongiotic lesions. Chemotaxis studies showed that both anti-type II collagen serum and fibronectin might play a role as chemoattractants to recruit macrophages and fibroblasts to the bone resorption sites. In vitro studies also showed anti-type II collagen serum stimulates the fusion of macrophages to become multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. The antiserum also activate these cells to produce collagenase and prostaglandin synthetase. It is concluded that the chemotactic processes of macrophages and fibroblasts, the multinucleation of macrophages, and the activation of these cells may be basic processes causing bone resorption in otosclerosis. When sodium fluoride, an inhibitor of hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes, was given to rats immunized with type II collagen, no obvious inhibition of bone resorption was seen in histologic sections. PMID- 3501680 TI - [The lymphocyte population ratio in the peripheral blood in abortion]. PMID- 3501681 TI - [Value of determining the antithrombin III level in women after massive postpartum hemorrhage]. PMID- 3501682 TI - High prevalence of Rett syndrome in a small area. AB - Five cases of Rett syndrome were revealed in a population of 2,269 girls 4-14 years of age and born in 1973-83. This gives a prevalence of 22.03 per 10,000 girls in this small rural area situated around the city of Crema in northern Italy. Family history of these families did not reveal any inbreeding among these families. This unusual concentration of patients with this syndrome is apparently the first example of a strong geographical concentration of Rett syndrome. PMID- 3501683 TI - Propofol in failed tracheal intubation. PMID- 3501684 TI - Absence of clinically significant neonatal respiratory depression after prolonged maternal propofol administration. PMID- 3501685 TI - Determination of ingredients of antipyretic analgesic preparations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. PMID- 3501686 TI - Activity of beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam plus ampicillin against animal isolates of Pasteurella, Haemophilus, and Staphylococcus. AB - Antibiotic susceptibilities of Pasteurella sp, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined. The combination of sodium sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, and ampicillin had a synergistic effect against all ampicillin-resistant pathogens, rendering them susceptible to ampicillin. Studies of cell-free beta-lactamase from Pasteurella and Haemophilus isolates confirmed the presence of a constitutive penicillinase. Inhibitory concentrations of sulbactam-ampicillin were bactericidal, as demonstrated by killing curves. Ampicillin-resistant Pasteurella and Haemophilus isolates did not develop resistance to sulbactam-ampicillin when passed as many as 8 times in the presence of sublethal concentrations of sulbactam-ampicillin. The in vitro synergistic activity of sulbactam-penicillin also was seen in an in vivo synergistic response in mice challenge exposed to an ampicillin-resistant P haemolytica. PMID- 3501687 TI - Structured modeling approach to alpha-amylase fermentation using fed-batch cultures of Bacillus species. PMID- 3501688 TI - Ionic mechanism of generation of receptor potential in frog taste cells. PMID- 3501689 TI - [Indications and prospects of cardiac fulguration]. AB - Fulguration is a new technique of palliative treatment (ablation or alteration of the atrioventricular junction) of refractory supraventricular tachycardias. It can be too a curative treatment of arrhythmias unresponsive to medial therapy and not suitable for surgery or implantable defibrillator (ventricular tachycardias - refractory arrhythmias of the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and permanent or incessant form of reciprocating tachycardia). An original indication of this method is the ablation of the retrograde pathway alone in refractory intranodal reciprocating tachycardias. The results of these indications are herein analysed. PMID- 3501690 TI - Endoscopic flushing electrocoagulation for upper gastrointestinal bleeding--an alternative to surgery. AB - Twenty-three patients, mean age of 65 years, planned for emergency surgery because of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, were electrocoagulated with an endoscopic Storz monopolar flushing electrode. Nineteen patients were managed successfully. Two out of twelve patients with gastric ulcer and both patients with gastrojejunal ulcer bleeding needed an operation. The overall success rate was 82% and the mortality was 9%. According to this study endoscopic monopolar flushing liquid electrocoagulation is a good alternative to surgery in upper gastrointestinal bleedings except gastrojejunal ulceration. PMID- 3501691 TI - Long-term survival rates after prolonged aortic cross-clamping with St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia. AB - Prolonged aortic cross-clamping (in excess of 120 min) was necessary in 154 cardiac surgical patients. St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia was used for myocardial preservation. Quantitative polarization microscopy enabling quantitative birefringence measurements to assess the change in birefringence of the muscle fibres in response to the addition of buffer containing ATP and calcium (i.e. myocardial contractility) was used to detect whether there had been any deterioration in right or left ventricular myocardium during the bypass period. 30 day survival was 90%, long-term (60 months) survival was 80%. In single valve replacements, patients with aortic valvular replacement had 100% survival up to 92 months, whereas patients with mitral valvular replacement had survival rates of 83% after 12 months and 27% after 60 months. Survival rates after 60 months were 89% for coronary artery bypass grafting, 80% for multiple valve replacements, and 74% for combined valvular and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Quantitative birefringence assessment of function showed that in the surviving patients 5% had functional deterioration during bypass whereas in the non-surviving patients 70% had functional deterioration. It may be concluded that after cardiac surgery necessitating prolonged aortic cross clamping--once the initial operative problems are overcome--reasonable long-term results can be obtained by using St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia. PMID- 3501692 TI - Evaluation of cimetidine as an aid in the management of non-variceal massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of H2-receptor blockade as an adjunct to antacid treatment in non-variceal massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, 106 patients were randomized to treatment with either antacid (n = 54) or cimetidine and antacid (n = 52). One patient (antacid group) died as a direct cause of bleeding. Acute surgery was carried out in 8 patients (14.8%) in the antacid group and in 4 patients (7.7%) in the cimetidine-antacid group. Continuous bleeding or re-bleeding occurred in 11 patients (20.4%) in the antacid group and in 10 patients (19.2%) in the cimetidine-antacid group. Neither these differences, nor any differences related to specific source of bleeding, were statistically significant. It is concluded that, according to the regimen applied in the present study, treatment with cimetidine does not to any significant extent influence the immediate outcome for patients with non-variceal massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 3501693 TI - Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. AB - From over 100 children studied with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose and positron emission tomography we selected 29 children (aged 5 days to 15.1 years) who had suffered transient neurological events not significantly affecting normal neurodevelopment. These 29 children were reasonably representative of normal children and provided an otherwise unobtainable population in which to study developmental changes in local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (lCMRGlc). In infants less than 5 weeks old lCMRGlc was highest in sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellar vermis. By 3 months, lCMRGlc had increased in parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices; basal ganglia; and cerebellar cortex. Frontal and dorsolateral occipital cortical regions displayed a maturational rise in lCMRGlc by approximately 6 to 8 months. Absolute values of lCMRGlc for various grey matter regions were low at birth (13 to 25 mumol/min/100 gm), and rapidly rose to reach adult values (19 to 33 mumol/min/100 gm) by 2 years. lCMRGlc continued to rise until, by 3 to 4 years, it reached values of 49 to 65 mumol/min/100 gm in most regions. These high rates were maintained until approximately 9 years, when they began to decline, and reached adult rates again by the latter part of the second decade. The highest increases of lCMRGlc over adult values occurred in cerebral cortical structures; lesser increases were seen in subcortical structures and in the cerebellum. This time course of lCMRGlc changes matches that describing the process of initial overproduction and subsequent elimination of excessive neurons, synapses, and dendritic spines known to occur in the developing brain. The determination of changing metabolic patterns accompanying normal brain development is a necessary prelude to the study of abnormal brain development with positron emission tomography. PMID- 3501695 TI - The metabolic pathology of the AIDS dementia complex. AB - A progressive dementing illness, the AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is the most frequent neurological complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Characteristic alterations in regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRGlc), associated with the presence or progression of ADC, were demonstrated by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography in 9 of 12 patients with ADC compared with 18 normal volunteer subjects. In these 9 patients, two distinct patterns of regional metabolic activity were highly correlated with intersubject gray matter rCMRGlc variation and with disease severity as assessed by neuropsychological testing. Relative subcortical (thalamus and basal ganglia) hypermetabolism was characteristic of early ADC, and disease progression was accompanied by cortical and subcortical gray matter hypometabolism. PMID- 3501694 TI - Differences in cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in vegetative versus locked-in patients. AB - Positron emission tomographic studies of regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRGlc) and cerebral blood flow were performed in 7 vegetative and 3 locked-in patients to determine objectively the level of brain function underlying these clinical states. Cortical gray rCMRGlc in the vegetative patients was 2.73 +/- 0.13 (mean +/- SEM) mg/100 gm/min, less than half the normal value of 6.82 +/- 0.23 (p less than 0.001). Cerebral blood flow exhibited similar but more variable reductions. By contrast, cortical rCMRGlc in the locked in patients was 5.08 +/- 0.69, a 25% reduction (p less than 0.02) from normal. The massive reduction in vegetative rCMRGlc involved not only the cerebral cortex but also the basal nuclei and cerebellum. Such metabolic hypoactivity has precedent only in deep anesthesia and supports clinical evidence that cerebral cognitive function is lost in the vegetative state, leaving a body that can no longer think or experience pain. PMID- 3501696 TI - Borderzone ischemia. AB - Positron emission tomography was used to measure cerebral perfusion and metabolism in 7 patients with severe carotid stenosis. None of the patients had sustained a major stroke, and all had a normal neurological examination except 1 patient with a mild neurological deficit from a capsular lacuna. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume, the cerebral blood flow/cerebral blood volume ratio, oxygen metabolism, and the fractional extraction of oxygen by the brain were measured in the cerebral cortex of both hemispheres in the anterior and middle cerebral artery distributions, in the borderzone regions between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (anterior borderzone), and between the middle cerebral and posterior cerebral arteries (posterior borderzone). Results obtained in patients were compared, using Student's t test, to those obtained in 6 neurologically normal, elderly volunteers. Cerebral blood flow and the cerebral blood flow/cerebral blood volume ratio were both significantly decreased (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.05, respectively) in the anterior borderzone ipsilateral to the carotid stenosis. In the same region there was a tendency toward a rising fractional extraction of oxygen with the oxygen metabolism maintained in the low-normal range. Cerebral blood flow was also significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) in the contralateral anterior borderzone. Hemodynamic and metabolic variables in other vascular territories were not significantly different from values obtained in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501697 TI - Biology of the people of Sikkim, India. 2. Colour blindness, ear lobe attachment, mid-phalangeal hair and behavioural traits. AB - 14 population groups of Sikkim (India)--Lepchas (2), Bhutias (2), Sherpas, Tamangs, Gurungs, Mangars, Rais, Limboos/Subbas, Pradhans (Newars), Brahmans, Chhetris, Scheduled Castes--have been studied in regard of the intra- and intergroup variability of colour blindness, ear lobe attachment, mid-phalangeal hair and behavioural traits (tongue folding, hand clapsing, arm folding, leg folding, handedness). Some of these variables show a considerable distribution heterogeneity, which is discussed considering history and marriage patterns of these populations. As most of them are highly endogamous one can assume that this heterogeneity is caused by locally acting factors such as drift and/or founder effects, which could be preserved due to as good as lacking gene flow among the populations under study. Beyond that the Sikkim data are compared briefly with those reported for other Indian and Asiatic populations. PMID- 3501698 TI - Broth microdilution testing of susceptibilities to 30 antimicrobial agents of Mycobacterium avium strains from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - A total of 31 strains of Mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome were tested for susceptibility to 30 antimicrobial agents by using microdilution trays containing dried antimicrobial agents. MICs were determined over a period of 7 days of growth in a broth medium (7HSF) that is equivalent to 7H11 agar. MICs obtained by this method showed good agreement with MICs determined by the agar dilution method. Strains could be divided into two groups by their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. All group 1 strains (8 of the 31 strains tested) were at least moderately susceptible to inhibition by a variety of beta-lactam antimicrobial agents, including amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefmenoxime. Group 2 strains (23 of 31) were susceptible only to amikacin (22 of 23 strains). All 31 strains were resistant to oxacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, and aztreonam at the highest concentration of antimicrobial agent present in the microdilution trays. The addition of Tween 80 to 7HSF broth increased the susceptibility of M. avium complex to many of the antimicrobial agents tested. Killing of M. avium complex (i.e., less than or equal to 1% survival after 7 days) was found to vary for different strains and antimicrobial agents. Killing of some strains by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, carbenicillin, azlocillin, cefmenoxime, cefotaxime, amikacin, and ampicillin occurred at concentrations of antimicrobial agent that are achievable in serum. Further studies are needed to determine whether any of these antimicrobial agents has activity against M. avium complex cells that have been ingested by macrophages. PMID- 3501699 TI - Contribution of beta-lactamase hydrolysis and outer membrane permeability to ceftriaxone resistance in Enterobacter cloacae. AB - Mechanisms of ceftriaxone resistance were examined in Enterobacter cloacae. Clones were selected from four strains: susceptible (S), resistant (R1), selected by plating on ceftriaxone-containing agar, and highly resistant (R2), selected in ceftriaxone-treated mice infected with S clones. According to 14C-labeled beta lactam binding assays, ceftriaxone resistance was not associated with altered target proteins. R1 and R2 clones stably produced 50 to 1,500 times more beta lactamase than S clones; this production increased after cefoxitin induction in all S and some R1 clones. Experiments conducted with strain 218 suggested that ceftriaxone resistance involved beta-lactamase hydrolysis. Half-lives for the beta-lactamase-beta-lactam complexes at 37 degrees C were 0.4 and 2.2 min for ceftriaxone and Sch 34343, a drug not affected by the resistance, respectively; in chromatography experiments, 218 intact R1 cells (2 x 10(9) to 3 x 10(9) CFU) suspended in ceftriaxone-containing buffer (2 micrograms/ml) hydrolyzed 80% of the antibiotic in 30 min. Three observations also suggested decreased permeability in some clones, (i) Most of the R1 and R2 clones showed decreased expression of outer membrane proteins of 37,000 to 38,000 molecular weight (37K to 38K proteins) by electrophoresis, often associated with increased amounts of 42K protein. (ii) [14C]Sch 34343 labeling of intact cells proceeded more slowly in 218 R2 (with altered 37K to 38K proteins) than in 218 R1 (without this alteration), a difference persisting after competition with unlabeled cloxacillin. Delays in binding were not caused by different enzymatic activities, since 218 R1 and 218 R2 produce, in similar amounts, beta-lactamases undistinguishable in isoelectric point and Km of cephaloridine. (iii) Intact cells from 218 R2 hydrolyzed ceftriaxone more slowly (20% in 30 min) than did those from 218 R1. In 218 R1, beta-lactamase overproduction was responsible for a 15- to 200-fold increase in the MIC's of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, carbenicillin, piperacillin, moxalactam, aztreonam, carumonam, and BMY 28142. Imipenem and Sch 34343 were not affected; an additional three- to fivefold increase in the MIC's of these antibiotics (with the exception of piperacillin, imipenem, Sch 34343), seen with 218 R2, was associated with decreased permeability. PMID- 3501700 TI - Ampicillin killing curve patterns of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates by agar dilution plate count method. AB - The responses of 20 ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae type b clinical isolates to the bactericidal action of ampicillin were studied by using a modified agar dilution plate count method. A well-defined paradoxical effect was observed in each of the 24-h killing curve patterns for 19 of the 20 isolates, the remaining isolate showing a less-well-defined but suggestive paradoxical effect after 48 h of ampicillin exposure. For each isolate, the lowest 24-h persister percentage representing maximum killing (paradoxical trough percentage) occurred over a narrow range of concentrations immediately above the MIC, with such paradoxical trough percentages for the 20 isolates ranging from greater than 0.1 to less than 0.001%. Three isolates selected to represent slow, intermediate, and rapid responses were investigated by repetition of 24-h studies and by determination of expanded killing curve patterns. Resultant agar dilution plate count killing curve patterns were found to be reproducible and strain dependent and served to characterize each isolate. The paradoxical effect became more distinct with the prolongation of ampicillin action. Maximum killing was again evident for a narrow range of ampicillin concentrations immediately above the MIC, with persister percentages rising rapidly over the next few ampicillin concentrations to peak at 1 to 2 log10 increments higher than trough percentages. Based on the broad range of responses observed for the 20 isolates, the consistent presence of the paradoxical effect, and the time-dependent nature of bactericidal action, we suggest that the MBC and MBC/MIC ratios are inadequate indices of bactericidal action and that the all-or-none concept of "antimicrobial tolerance" should be abandoned. PMID- 3501701 TI - N-methylisatin-beta-4',4'-diethylthiosemicarbazone, an inhibitor of Moloney leukemia virus protein production: characterization and in vitro translation of viral mRNA. AB - The mode of inhibition of N-methylisatin-beta-4',4'-diethylthiosemicarbazone (M IBDET) on Moloney leukemia virus production was studied. Drug treatment of infected cells did not alter the amounts or sizes of the 35S and 22S subgenomic viral RNAs. The translation abilities of poly(A)+ RNA derived from M-IBDET treated cells was also unaffected, as judged by cell-free translation analysis. Poly(A)+ RNA derived from M-IBDET-treated cells directed translation of equal amounts of viral gag precursors, gPr-80gag and Pr-65gag, as did poly(A)+ RNA prepared from untreated cells. The addition of M-IBDET to a cell-free translation system programmed with either total poly(A)+ RNA extracted from infected cells or hybrid-selected viral RNA inhibited the synthesis of viral protein precursors. An examination of the effect of M-IBDET on polysomes engaged in the translation of viral proteins revealed a fourfold accumulation of polysomal virus-specific RNA in drug-treated cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of Moloney leukemia virus by M-IBDET involves a block in the translation of viral RNA rather than interference with viral RNA transcription. PMID- 3501703 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to cefixime. AB - The in vitro activity of cefixime against 2,458 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae was determined. All the strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 2 micrograms of cefixime per ml, and the modal MIC was 0.03 micrograms/ml. Activity was unaffected by the presence of beta-lactamase produced by 157 isolates. Nineteen of the twenty-four isolates for which cefixime MICs were greater than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml were beta-lactamase negative but showed reduced susceptibility to ampicillin. PMID- 3501702 TI - Pharmacokinetics and distribution of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (Timentin) in experimental animals. AB - The pharmacokinetics and distribution of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were studied in rats and rabbits after intravenous coadministration of the compounds. The elimination half-lives for ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were similar in both rats (ticarcillin, 0.22 h; clavulanic acid, 0.24 h) and rabbits (ticarcillin, 0.38 h; clavulanic acid, 0.31 h). Both compounds distributed widely throughout rat tissues, and the patterns of distribution were similar to those observed for other beta-lactams. Values for penetration into rat pleural, peritoneal, and subcutaneous fluids calculated from the equation (AUCfluid/AUCserum) X 100, where AUC is the area under the concentration-time curve, were between 83 and 93% for ticarcillin and 86 and 103% for clavulanic acid. Values for penetration into tissue cages in rabbits were 139% +/- 45% for ticarcillin and 109% +/- 22% for clavulanic acid. The penetration of clavulanic acid into rabbit cerebrospinal fluid was higher (P less than 0.05) (4.0% +/- 0.61%) than that of ticarcillin (1.3% +/- 0.53%). Overall, the results show that ticarcillin and clavulanic acid distribute readily throughout body tissues and fluids and predict that the penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor would be present together at sites of infection. PMID- 3501704 TI - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in Sweden 1981-1983. AB - Four hundred and seventy cases of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenza in children and 30 cases in adults were identified in Sweden between 1981 and 1983. The age specific incidence in the most susceptible age group (0-4 years) was 31/100,000/year (440 cases), which is higher than previously reported from Europe. A further 30 cases were seen in children aged 5-14. The risk of developing H influenzae meningitis before the age of 15 was 1 in 669. There were 11 deaths (2%) and five cases of serious neurological sequelae among the children. Only 18 children (4%) had predisposing diseases. All but one of the 294 strains of H influenzae from children that had been serotyped were type b. Infections in adults differed from infections in children. Five of the adults died (17%), 12 had important predisposing diseases, and at least six of the infections were caused by non-typable strains. It is concluded that research into the prevention of invasive H influenzae infections in children should have high priority. PMID- 3501705 TI - L3T4-positive cells in the lymph nodes during induction phase of contract hypersensitivity reaction of mice: flow cytometric analysis. PMID- 3501706 TI - Demonstration of T6+ and DR+ cells in human placenta. PMID- 3501707 TI - Separation and partial characterization of four cysteine proteinases from a human epidermal cell line. AB - Four different cysteine proteinases from a cultured human epidermal cell line (NCTC 2544) were partially purified and characterized. The biggest hydrolase was an endoaminopeptidase with the molecular weight of several hundred kilodaltons. It was a glycoprotein and had an almost neutral pH optimum. The three other hydrolases resembled lysosomal cathepsins B, H, and L in various respects except for somewhat higher molecular weight for cathepsin B (29 kDa) and the cathepsin H like (70 kDa) hydrolase than those reported from most other tissues. Low molecular weight cysteine proteinase inhibitors ACPI (cystatin A) and NCPI (cystatin B) inhibited the cathepsins, but not the high molecular weight proteinase. PMID- 3501709 TI - [Morphological changes in the electrically inactive afferent myelinated nerve fibers of the live clustered neuroreceptor]. AB - At attempt has been made to determine morphological criterium of active and inactive alive afferent myelin fibers. Applying electrophysiological control, external diameters in the area of maximal dilatation of the myelin fiber are compared with the neighbouring maximal narrowing of the unmyelinated preterminal. The dilatation coefficient, suggested by the authors of mathematical models of the nervous fiber is taken as the base of estimation. When the dilatation coefficient is more than five, the fiber is considered to be inactive. The active and inactive nervous fibers are stated to possess certain morphological differences. They are observed not only in the first myelin segment area, but in the second one, and sometimes--in the third and fourth segments. Morphological characteristics of these segments make it possible to suggest that electrical impulse can be blocked. From our data it is possible to think that not only the first myelin segment and the first node of Ranvier, but also the successive segment and nodes of Ranvier influence the impulse passing. PMID- 3501710 TI - Cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The place of cytosine arabinoside (araC) in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was studied by measuring nucleoside transport sites and the conversion of araC to its triphosphate (araCTP) in lymphoblasts from the peripheral blood of two patients, who were then treated with araC. Equilibrium binding of 3H-nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (3H-NBMPR), a specific ligand of the nucleoside transporter, gave 16,510 to 29,400 sites/cell for T-lymphoblasts on presentation or early in relapse compared with 2730 +/- 1570 sites/cell for non-T-lymphoblasts. Accumulation of araCTP from 1 microM araC was four times greater in T-cell than non-T-cell lymphoblasts. One patient was treated with araC (100 mg/m2 daily x 7 days, continuous intravenously) at the time of her first leukemic relapse and complete remission was achieved with this single agent. When this patient relapsed and developed advanced disease the T lymphoblasts showed a 75% reduction in their ability to accumulate araCTP which paralleled a reduction in 3H-NBMPR binding. The second patient achieved complete remission with araC given in low dose (15 mg twice daily by subcutaneous injection) for 21 days at the time of a localised relapse in the mediastinum and pleura. These studies suggest that araC may have a place in the therapy of early stage T-lymphoblastic disease. PMID- 3501711 TI - The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of suspected opportunistic pneumonia. AB - We report 50 immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy, including bronchoalveolar lavage, on 56 occasions. The underlying diseases were mostly lymphoma, leukemia, other malignancies and renal failure. The commonest immunodeficiency factors were chemotherapy, steroids and neutropenia. A positive diagnosis could be made from analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage on 59% (33/56) occasions. This was a comparable yield to transbronchial lung biopsy 57% (16/27), and superior to proximal airways wash 24% (13/55), or bronchial brushings 29% (10/34). Open lung biopsy added additional diagnostic information in three of the four cases in which it was performed. The most common final diagnoses were bacterial, viral or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and recurrent malignancy. We conclude that bronchoalveolar lavage is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield in the immunocompromised host with suspected opportunistic pneumonia. PMID- 3501708 TI - Alergim--a new antiallergic product which down-regulates B lymphocyte functions. PMID- 3501712 TI - A high frequency of inherited deficiency of complement component C4 in Darwin Aborigines. AB - A high frequency of serum complement component C4A deficiency may explain the higher prevalence and greater severity of systemic lupus erythematosus reported in Australian Aborigines. Inherited deficiencies of serum complement components C4A, C4B, and C2 were examined in two Australian Aboriginal populations from Darwin and Alice Springs and compared with the prevalence of complement deficiencies in white Australian blood donors. The frequency of C4A deficiency alleles was 29% in Darwin Aborigines compared with 12% in Alice Springs and 17% in Canberra blood donors. Partial C4B deficiency was also higher in Darwin Aborigines than in the other populations. Inherited deficiency of serum complement component C2 was not observed. PMID- 3501713 TI - Emergency hysterectomy in obstetrics--a review of 117 cases. AB - A series of 117 cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy performed between 1976 and 1985 is reviewed. The indications included ruptured uterus (53.8%), intractable postpartum haemorrhage (20.5%), placenta accreta (7.7%), major degree of placenta praevia (7.7%), haemorrhage at Caesarean section (4.5%), couvelaire uterus (3.4%) and abdominal pregnancy (2.6%). Despite a general aversion to hysterectomy by the women in our society, these procedures were undertaken in a desperate attempt to save life. There were 6 (5.1%) maternal deaths, all due to the severity of the indication for the hysterectomy. Presence of an experienced obstetrician is important to make an early decision to operate before the patient's condition is extreme and to provide the technical skills required to minimize morbidity and mortality. PMID- 3501714 TI - [Manifestation of multiple cartilaginous exostoses in the area of the wrist joint]. PMID- 3501715 TI - Initial-rate studies of a thermophilic glucokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The initial rates of phosphorylation of glucose catalysed by glucokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus were measured over a wide range of glucose, MgATP2-, MgADP- and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations. The results of the effects of the inhibitors on the initial rates suggest that the reaction mechanism is essentially the ordered Bi Bi, in which glucose adds to the enzyme before MgATP2- and glucose 6-phosphate is released from the enzyme after the dissociation of MgADP-, and also suggest that the final step in which glucose 6-phosphate is released is irreversible. For many reaction schemes, the rate equations were derived on the basis of the pseudo-steady-state assumption and were used to correlate the experimental rate data. From this result, we concluded that the reaction obeys the ordered mechanism accompanied by the formation of a non productive ternary complex, glucose-MgADP--enzyme. By using the experimental Dalziel coefficients phi i, some kinetic parameters were evaluated. The enzyme was characterized by the thermal stability and the low Michaelis constant, the values of which were 54 microM for glucose and 32 microM for MgATP2-. PMID- 3501717 TI - The pathway of myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate dephosphorylation in liver. AB - We studied the dephosphorylation pathway for Ins(1,3,4)P3 (inositol 1,3,4 trisphosphate) by liver homogenates and soluble and particulate subfractions incubated in media resembling physiological ionic strength and pH. Ins(1,3,4)P3 was dephosphorylated to two InsP2 (inositol bisphosphate) isomers, one of which is Ins(3,4)P2 [Shears, Parry, Tang, Irvine, Michell & Kirk (1987) Biochem. J. 246, 139-147]. The second InsP2 is the 1,3 isomer. Ins(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to inositol 3-phosphate by an enzyme activity located in both soluble and particulate fractions. The phosphatase(s) that attacks Ins(1,3)P2 was largely soluble, but we have not determined which phosphate(s) is removed. When the initial substrate concentration was 1 nM, the rate of dephosphorylation of Ins(1,4)P2 greater than Ins(1,3)P2 greater than Ins(3,4)P2. None of these bisphosphates was phosphorylated when incubated with liver homogenates and 5 mM ATP, but their rates of dephosphorylation were then decreased. PMID- 3501716 TI - Evidence that a pertussis-toxin-sensitive substrate is involved in the stimulation by epidermal growth factor and vasopressin of plasma-membrane Ca2+ inflow in hepatocytes. AB - 1. In hepatocytes, epidermal growth factor (EFG) (a) increased the rate of 45Ca2+ exchange in cells incubated at 1.3 mM extracellular Ca2+, (b) increased the activity of glycogen phosphorylase a and the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration (measured with quin2) in a process dependent on the concentration of extracellular Ca2+, and (c) enhanced the increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity which follows the addition of Ca2+ to cells previously incubated in the absence of Ca2+. It is concluded that EGF stimulates plasma-membrane Ca2+ inflow. 2. The effects of the combination of EGF and vasopressin on the rate of 45Ca2+ exchange and on the rate of increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity were the same as those of vasopressin alone. 3. The amount of 45Ca2+ released by EGF from internal stores was about 30% of that released by vasopressin. No detectable increase in [3H]inositol mono-, bis- or tris-phosphate was observed after the addition of EGF to cells labelled with myo-[3H]inositol. 4. In hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with pertussis toxin, the effects of EGF and vasopressin on phosphorylase activity (measured at 1.3 mM-Ca2+) and on the rate of Ca2+ inflow (measured with quin2) were markedly decreased compared with those in normal cells. 5. Treatment with pertussis toxin did not impair the ability of vasopressin to release Ca2+ from internal stores, but decreased vasopressin stimulated [3H]inositol polyphosphate formation by 50%. 6. It is concluded that the mechanism(s) by which vasopressin and EGF stimulate plasma-membrane Ca2+ inflow transporters in hepatocytes involves a GTP-binding regulatory protein sensitive to pertussis toxin, and does not require an increase in the concentration of inositol trisphosphate comparable with that which induces the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 3501718 TI - Characterization of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. AB - The effects of Ca2+ and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) as putative inducers of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles were studied. Addition of Ca2+ (5-50 microM) or caffeine (5 mM) to calcium loaded SR vesicles from canine ventricular myocardium caused immediate release of Ca2+; whereas, no such Ca2+ release was observed in canine aortic SR vesicles. Fractionation of the cardiac SR by zonal centrifugation of calcium/oxalate-loaded SR vesicles showed that Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release was present in a caffeine-sensitive, ryanodine sensitive, calsequestrin-enriched fraction, probably derived from the junctional SR. By contrast, IP3 (greater than 0.1 microM) stimulated Ca2+ release from aortic SR, but had no such effect on cardiac SR (even with 50 microM IP3. These data indicate a difference in Ca2+ release mechanisms in SR from the heart and vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 3501719 TI - The amino acid sequence of Emu osteocalcin: gas phase sequencing of Gla containing proteins. AB - Osteocalcin (OC), the major gamma carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein of vertebrate bone, has been isolated from bones of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandae) and the primary structure determined by a combination of gas phase N-terminal sequencing of the intact molecule and a proteolytic fragment, and carboxypeptidase Y C-terminal sequencing. Gla residues were located by counting tritium radioactivity in fractions from the N-terminal sequencing of the tritiated/thermally decarboxylated molecule. Emu OC consists of 48 amino acid residues containing 3 Gla residues, and a single disulphide bond. The C-terminal 29 residues are identical to those of the human and sheep OC sequences. Alignment of the N-terminal sequence against those of other OCs reveals greater sequence homology with chicken OC than with mammalian OCs. PMID- 3501720 TI - In situ inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase by erbstatin. AB - Erbstatin inhibited the kinase activity of the receptor for epidermal growth factor in cultured A431 cells, while it did not alter turnover of the receptor protein. It also inhibited autophosphorylation of the src gene product p60src in Rous sarcoma virus-infected normal rat kidney cells. Erbstatin did not inhibit the binding of epidermal growth factor to its receptor but did inhibit internalization of epidermal growth factor-receptor complexes. It did not inhibit the epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover in A431 cells. Thus, erbstatin inhibited two oncogene product-related tyrosine protein kinases in situ and thus is a useful tool to study the role of tyrosine protein kinase. PMID- 3501721 TI - Inhibitor of interleukin-2 synthesis and response in rheumatoid synovial fluid. AB - We studied the effects of a factor present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF) on interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent cell proliferation and on the production of IL-2 by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RA SF suppressed the responsiveness of a mouse T cell line (HT-2) to IL-2, indicating that it contained an inhibitor of the IL-2 response. When RA SF was fractionated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, the inhibitory activity was detected mainly in fractions with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000, but was also found in a 15-19-kd fraction. Removal of IgG from the 150-kd fraction, by means of an anti-IgG affinity column, did not reduce the activity of the fraction, nor was activity found in the eluted IgG. The inhibitory fractions reduced mouse thymocyte proliferative responses to IL-1 in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, and reduced the production of IL-2 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but did not inhibit IL-1-induced human foreskin fibroblast proliferation; this suggests that the factor was not an IL-1 inhibitor. The inhibitory activity of the RA SF factor was blocked by an antibody against an inhibitor of IL-2 that was purified from a culture of the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. This finding also supports the conclusion that RA SF contains an IL-2 inhibitory factor. The observed inhibition of both IL-2 synthesis and IL-2 response suggests that the target of the inhibition was the T lymphocyte. PMID- 3501722 TI - [In vitro comparison of the beta lactamase-inhibitory action of clavulanic acid and sulbactam in ampicillin-resistant enterobacteria]. AB - Comparative in vitro Studies of the beta-Lactamase Inhibitory Effects of Clavulanic Acid and Sulbactam on Ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteria. Clavulanic acid and sulbactam alone are infective against Pseudomonas and enterococci. Staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by high concentrations not attainable under clinical conditions. Strains of Acinetobacter, especially A. lwoffii are susceptible to clavulanic acid and highly susceptible to sulbactam. The sulbactam-ampicillin combination is superior to clavulanic acid-ampicillin against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and M. morganii. The latter combination is superior against Klebsiella spp. and E. coli. Antagonistic effects are more frequent with the clavulanic acid combination (Enterobacter spp. and C. freundii) but are rarely observed with the sulbactam combination (Providencia spp. and P. rettgeri). PMID- 3501724 TI - [Trichomonacidal drugs. 6. 2,4-Dichloro derivatives of piperidino- and piperazinyl-1,3,5-triazine]. AB - The nucleophilic substitution of one chlorine atom in cyanuric chloride (1) by piperidine derivatives (2a-c) leads to the 6-substituted 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5 triazines (3a-c). Reaction of 1 with piperazine derivatives (4a-c) yields the substituted 2,4-dichloro-6-(1-piperazinyl)-1,3,5-triazines (5a-c). Structures of type 3 and 5 may be characterized by the spectroscopic data. In the mass spectra, the degradation of 3c leading to the base peak comprises the cleavage into a 2,4 dichlorotriazinyl radical and a 3,4-dihydroquinolinium ion m/e 132. Strong activity is exhibited by 5a and 5b towards Trichomonas vaginalis. Moreover, 5a displays strong antimycotic activity towards Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Microsporum canis. Additionally, 5a and 5b are capable of exerting very strong anthelminthic activity towards Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 3501723 TI - Study on the possible interaction between tenoxicam and furosemide. AB - A possible interaction between furosemide and the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) tenoxicam was investigated in 12 patients (6 males, 6 females) with mild heart insufficiency and with a need for antiinflammatory treatment. The patients received once daily doses of 40 mg furosemide over 15 days. From day 6 onwards until day 13 tenoxicam was concurrently administered: 20 mg b.i.d. on days 6 and 7 and 20 mg once a day on days 8 through 13. On days 0 (pre-check), 1, 3, 5, 9, 12 and 15 vital parameters were measured and urine quantitatively collected to assess the elimination of a series of biochemical determinants. The urinary excretion profiles of furosemide and trough plasma levels of tenoxicam were measured on days 5, 9, 12 and 15. Vital parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and body weight) were not affected by tenoxicam. The urinary excretion of sodium and chloride tended to decrease during treatment with tenoxicam, but this effect was not significant. Tenoxicam caused a significant drop of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in 12-h urine of both gender: from 601 +/- 397 ng on day 5 to 264 +/- 117 ng on day 9 for men and from 128 +/- 78 ng on day 5 to 67 +/- 55 ng on day 9 for women. Creatinine clearance, beta 2-microglobulin clearance and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase did not reveal evidence for acute renal impairment. The urinary excretion profile of furosemide was not significantly changed by concurrent dosing of tenoxicam. The drop in PGE2 excretion was likely a direct effect of tenoxicam on the synthesis of renal prostaglandins. PMID- 3501725 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) affects sulphydryl and disulphide levels in cultured mouse skin: possible relationship between effects of EGF and of the tabby gene on thiols. AB - Studies from our laboratory have previously shown that the syndrome produced in the mouse by the X-linked gene tabby (Ta) has many features in common with human X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. We have also demonstrated that tabby has abnormally elevated epidermal sulphydryl (SH): disulphide (SS) ratios, in common with an autosomal form of ectodermal dysplasia. The organs and tissues affected in many of the traits of these syndromes are targets of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and we have shown that the EGF-producing cells are deficient in tabby. In the present study we examined whether EGF affects SH and SS levels in normal mouse skin in tissue culture, and we report here that it does. EGF at a concentration of 25 ng/mL tissue culture medium lowers SH levels as compared with controls (0 ng/mL) in the epidermal layers examined (stratum malpighii of the tail and stratum malpighii and stratum corneum of flank skin). In general, other concentrations of EGF increase epidermal SH levels, although very high doses also reduce them. EGF at 25 ng/mL also lowers total SH + SS concentrations in the epidermal layers. Fetuses hemizygous for the Ta gene appear to have higher total SH + SS epidermal concentrations than their wild-type control littermates. These data, taken together with some of our previous findings, suggest the possibility that a relationship may exist between Ta, EGF, and thiol concentrations. Further study is required to elucidate this relationship. PMID- 3501727 TI - [Effects of phenytoin on cell-mediated immunity]. AB - Phenytoin is a highly effective anticonvulsant agent that is widely administrated to prevent some kinds of patients with brain tumor. But it has been said that phenytoin may have some immunosuppresive potential for hosts. In this study, we evaluated the effects of phenytoin upon cellular immunity such as NK, CTL and LAK activity in murine models. Fresh splenocytes were taken out from mice (CBA/J, C 3 H/HeN, C 57 BL/6) into which phenytoin had been injected intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 1,000 micrograms for 28 days. The serum concentration of phenytoin in the experimental models was 10-20 micrograms/ml. The cytotoxic activities were estimated by a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. The mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte function was evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The NK activity was estimated by cytotoxicity of splenocytes of CBA/J mice against NK-sensitive YAC-1 cells. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was estimated by cytotoxicity of splenocytes of C 57 BL/6 mice which were stimulated in vitro for 5 days by splenocytes of C 3H/HeN treated with mitomycin C, against RSV-M glioma cells. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was estimated by cytotoxicity of LAK cells, which were induced from splenocytes of C 3 H/HeN mice by human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), against syngeneic RSV glioma and allogeneic 203 glioma cells. 3H-thymidine incorporation of splenocytes of C 57 BL/6 mice was reduced significantly (p less than 0.01) in phenytoin-treated mice. The cytotoxicity of splenocytes of non-treated CBA/J mice against YAC-1 cells was 75%, but that of phenytoin-treated CBL/J mice was a few %.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501726 TI - Sequence similarities between human immunodeficiency virus gp41 and paramyxovirus fusion proteins. AB - Cell fusion is a characteristic cytopathic effect induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that leads to the formation of syncytia between infected lymphocytes. Although this process has been shown to occur following the specific binding of the 110-120 kD externalized envelope molecule of the virus with the CD4 glycoprotein, the region of the HIV envelope that directly mediates cell fusion is unknown. In an attempt to identify this fusion domain, we compared the amino acid sequences from the envelope molecules of several HIV isolates to the fusion proteins of paramyxoviruses. We found that the amino terminal region of the HIV transmembrane protein gp41 had a striking degree of similarity with the fusion domain of the respiratory syncytial virus. Moreover, similar sequences were noted in the fusion proteins of other paramyxoviruses and the transmembrane envelope proteins of a variety of lentiviruses suggesting that a functional relationship exists between these glycoproteins. This finding indicates that the amino terminal region of the HIV gp41 molecule may mediate cell fusion for this virus, and could be an important target in the design of immunologic strategies for the prevention of HIV infection in vivo. PMID- 3501730 TI - Oral epidermal growth factor is trophic for the stomach in the neonatal rat. AB - The stomach of the naturally suckled rat pup was shown to grow rapidly during the first 24 h following delivery. Both absolute weight (p less than 0.001) and weight in proportion to body weight (p less than 0.001) increased. The stomachs of pups fed formula containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) were larger than those of their control littermates (p less than 0.05). These data support a role for milk EGF in the regulation of neonatal gut growth. PMID- 3501728 TI - Effects of graded oral doses of a new 5-hydroxytryptamine/noradrenaline uptake inhibitor (Ro 15-8081) in comparison with 60 mg codeine and placebo on experimentally induced pain and side effect profile in healthy men. AB - 1. Ro 15-8081 (Hoffmann-La Roche, Basle, Switzerland) is a novel mixed 5 HT/noradrenaline uptake inhibitor producing potent antinociceptive effects in animal pain models. 2. In healthy man, two models with electrically and thermally induced pain, respectively, have been shown to reliably discriminate between the effects of opioid as well as of antipyretic analgesics and placebo. 3. This study investigated the effects of single oral doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg Ro 15-8081 in comparison with 60 mg codeine and placebo on threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain and on threshold to thermally induced pain. Furthermore, the effects on psychomotor function, self-rated subjective feelings, and side effect profile were studied. 4. Twenty healthy males participated each in five experiments in which they received, in random double-blind fashion, each of the treatments. Every experiment comprised two series of measurements before and twelve after drug administration, carried out at 30 min intervals. 5. Ro 15 8081 produced marked elevations of threshold and tolerance to electrically and of threshold to thermally induced pain. The effects of all doses of Ro 15-8081 were significantly superior to those of placebo. Threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain were not affected differently by the three doses of Ro 15-8081, whereas the threshold to thermally induced pain was elevated significantly more by 50 mg than by 10 and 25 mg Ro 15-8081. 6. Codeine 60 mg had a more rapid onset of action and greater maximal effects than Ro 15 8081.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501729 TI - Modulation and biological effects of Ly-6.2 expression on EL4 tumour cells. AB - EL4 tumour cells maintained in culture were separated by FACS analysis to Ly-6.2 negative and Ly-6.2 positive subsets. The Ly-6.2 negative subset gained expression of this determinant on repeated in vivo passage in C57BL/6 mice. Both subsets injected intraperitoneally or intramuscularly in syngeneic mice induced identical changes in lymphocyte profiles. There was generalised lymphocytolysis in both T- and B-cell compartments. The Lyt-1+, 2- T-lymphocytes were more susceptible to cytolysis causing an alteration of the proportional representation of the Lyt-2+ subset from 30% of splenic T-cells (in normal mice) to over 90% of remaining T-lymphocytes in tumour bearing mice. There was thymic regression in both groups of mice with a resultant thymocyte population expressing the range of phenotypes of mature medullary cells. In spite of similar rates of growth both in vivo and in vitro and identical effects on the lymphoid system the Ly-6.2 negative and Ly-6.2 positive tumour subsets were different in their metastatic potential. Mice injected intramuscularly with either subset had enlarged spleens by the second week of tumour growth caused largely by the accumulation of Ig, Lyt 1 and Thy-1 negative cells. Tumour cells were present only in the group injected with the Ly-6.2+ subset. These mice died of their tumour load a week earlier than those injected with the Ly-6.2- tumour cells. PMID- 3501731 TI - Late changes in saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts and their implications in clinical practice. AB - Late changes are frequent in saphenous vein grafts. About 10 to 12 years after bypass, about one-third are occluded, one-third have wall irregularities and narrowings attributed to atherosclerosis and one-third are seemingly intact. These changes are associated with recurrence of angina and other deleterious clinical events such as unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and death. Intimal fibrous hyperplasia may be a precursor of these changes, which could be minimized by appropriate surgical technologies and perhaps antiplatelet therapy. These late changes appear related to serum hyperlipidemia and smoking. Optimal control of these risk factors may retard their development and subsequent clinical deterioration. Although internal mammary artery (IMA) graft is the conduit of choice because of its apparent immunity to premature atherosclerosis, and hence its longer durability, saphenous vein grafts are still placed in many old patients and others, when a short operation time is a priority, and above all in combination with IMA grafts in order to obtain complete revascularization. PMID- 3501732 TI - Cisplatin, high dose folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. A pilot study. AB - We treated 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with the following regimen: cisplatin = 100 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, HDFA = 200 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 to 5, 5-fluorouracil = 370 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 to 5 repeated every 28 days. Among the 17 evaluable patients, 4 (23%) had a partial remission, 6 had stable disease while 7 progressed. The median survival for all patients was 6+ months. Grade III or IV toxicity included 2 patients with grade III leukopenia, 1 with grade III thrombocytopenia, 1 patient with grade IV and 3 patients with grade III oral mucositis, 3 patients with grade III diarrhea. The regimen did not seem particularly active in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and had manageable but substantial toxicity. PMID- 3501733 TI - Azlocillin and the immune response in intensive care. AB - The authors have followed the course of the immunological cellular and humoral parameters in 12 patients in the Intensive Care Unit at the University Polyclinic of Messina having grave infections of the respiratory apparatus, for which an antibiotic therapy with azlocillin, semisynthetic penicillin was carried out; all this with the aim of pointing out any possible interferences with the already precarious immune system in such patients. The results obtained seem to exclude any immunodepressing activity by the molecule. PMID- 3501734 TI - Synthesis of calf thymosin beta 4 fragment 16-38 and its effect on the impaired blastogenic response of T-lymphocytes of a uremic patient with pneumonia. PMID- 3501735 TI - Studies on peptides. CLIII. Application of the hard-acid deprotecting procedure to the synthesis of ovine corticotropin releasing factor (oCRF). PMID- 3501736 TI - The case for global eradication of poliomyelitis. AB - Global eradication of poliomyelitis can be achieved by a programme strategy that includes achievement and maintenance of high immunization levels, effective surveillance to detect all new cases, and a rapid vigorous response to the occurrence of new cases. Regional eradication targets have already been set in Europe and the Americas. Possible impediments to eradication include the necessity to generate political and social will; managerial constraints; issues of vaccine efficacy, stability, and cost; and adequacy of surveillance. We believe that the impediments can be overcome and that with intensified effort and increased international collaboration, global eradication could be achieved as early as 1995. PMID- 3501737 TI - Immunization coverage in Italy. AB - In Italy information on immunization coverage against pertussis, measles, and rubella is absent or incomplete. In 1985 the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS) organized a series of immunization coverage surveys for these diseases in several local health units (Unita Sanitaria Locale) (USL). The surveys were conducted simultaneously in 80 USLs in 1985 with modified EPI cluster sampling techniques, using schools attended by children aged 3 to 10 years as the clusters. Information on previously performed immunizations was collected for each child sampled. The total immunization coverage and proportion of immunized children in eight birth cohorts were calculated.Low immunization coverage was reported by the USLs surveyed, and regional differences in the coverage were apparent between the north, centre, and south of Italy. In addition, a steady or decreasing trend in the use of pertussis vaccine was found, while an increasing coverage was observed for measles and rubella immunizations. PMID- 3501738 TI - Immunization coverage surveys: methodological studies in Indonesia. PMID- 3501739 TI - Investigation of a possible yellow fever epidemic and serosurvey for flavivirus infections in northern Cameroon, 1984. AB - A cluster of fatal hepatitis cases in northern Cameroon in 1984 stimulated a field investigation to rule out an epidemic of yellow fever. A serosurvey of villages in the extreme north of the country, in a Sudan savanna (SS) phytogeographical zone, disclosed no evidence of recent yellow fever infection. However, further south, in a Guinea savanna (GS) phytogeographical zone, serological evidence was found of endemic yellow fever virus transmission. The results indicate a potential for epidemic spread of yellow fever virus from the southern GS zone to the nothern SS zone of Cameroon, where immunity in the population was low. PMID- 3501740 TI - Chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations during regular long-term malaria prophylaxis. AB - The concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in the blood of 10 healthy adult Swedish volunteers who had been taking 310 mg chloroquine base once a week for at least 8 months for malaria prophylaxis were measured. Samples of capillary whole blood from the volunteers were dried on filter-paper and the drug and its principal metabolite determined by a specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The day after taking the drug, the mean concentration of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in whole blood were 1305 nmol/l and 915 nmol/l, respectively, and immediately before the next weekly dose, 489 nmol/l and 384 nmol/l, respectively. These are considered to be greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible strains but less than the maximum tolerated concentrations. The dosage of chloroquine recommended roughly 40 years ago for regular long-term prophylaxis should therefore not be changed. PMID- 3501741 TI - Diabetes registries in Asia. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Registry Group. AB - The importance of diabetes registries and the current status of registries in Asia are described. Such registries are needed in order to understand the etiology and natural history of the disease. Moreover, registries provide important public health information to the community. Guidelines for registry development are presented, and the existing, as well as planned, registries in Asia are reviewed. PMID- 3501742 TI - Detection of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency variants by synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization. AB - Oligonucleotide probes, specific for the two most common deficiency variants, Z and S, of alpha-1-antitrypsin have been successfully applied for the diagnosis at the DNA-level. The possible presence of silent alleles necessitates a careful study of the parents both at the protein- and DNA-level in prenatal diagnostic cases. PMID- 3501743 TI - Suppression of anti-DNA antibody production in MRL mice by treatment with anti idiotypic antibodies. AB - Antibodies against idiotypic determinants carried by a monoclonal polyspecific natural autoantibody were raised in rabbits and in syngeneic BALB/c mice. These anti-idiotypic antibodies were administered to newborn and to pregnant BALB/c mice and to MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Serial measurements of the idiotypes, naturally occurring autoantibodies, and antibodies obtained after antigenic stimulation were performed in the sera of the injected mice and in the offspring of pregnant mice. No idiotypic suppression was noted in newborn injected mice. Transient suppression of idiotypes recognized by the syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibody was noted in the offspring of pregnant mice injected with the rabbit polyclonal anti idiotypic antiserum. No changes in naturally occurring autoantibodies or in antibodies appearing after antigenic stimulation were noted in BALB/c mice. In contrast, a significant decrease of spontaneously occurring anti-DNA antibodies was found in MRL-lpr/lpr mice treated with rabbit polyclonal anti-idiotypic antiserum. Furthermore in these mice a slight decrease of anti-TNP antibodies was also observed. These results suggest that anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against natural autoantibodies may play a regulatory role in the immune system; this role is more easily appreciated in mice suffering from immune dysregulation. PMID- 3501744 TI - Characterization of mouse thymocyte subpopulations by the enzymatic marker 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: differential responses to IL-1 and IL-2. AB - The responses of thymocytes to Concanavalin A (Con A), and interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were investigated. The enzyme 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) was used as a marker to distinguish between various populations of activated thymocytes. Thymocytes that were selected in Con A + pure or crude IL-2 expressed high 20 alpha SDH activity, while those that were selected in Con A + recombinant IL-1 (rIL-1) or crude IL-1, or Con A + PMA expressed low 20 alpha SDH activity. Both groups proliferate in response to Con A and had IL-2 receptors. After selection, the enzymatic phenotype was stable even if the cells were transferred from Con A + IL 2 to Con A + PMA (or IL-1) or vice versa. A third group was selected from thymocytes that were cultured in PMA + T cell growth factor (TCGF). This group expressed low levels of 20 alpha SDH, had IL-2 receptors, but did not respond to Con A. This paper demonstrates that 20 alpha SDH can be used as an enzymatic marker to distinguish between subpopulations of activated T cells, which have not been previously detected by the conventional surface markers. PMID- 3501745 TI - Inhibition of T cell-dependent human B cell proliferation and B cell differentiation by polyspecific monomeric IgG. AB - A commercially available polyspecific, monomeric IgG preparation suitable for intravenous administration (IgSRK; Sandoglobulin) can inhibit pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by a small, but statistically significant, amount compared to control cultures. Such inhibition could not be demonstrated when PBMC were stimulated with the T cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin. Surface phenotype analysis of the PWM-stimulated cells indicated that in IgSRK-containing cultures, the proportion of B cells was decreased and the proportion of T cells was increased compared to control cultures. This alteration in T:B ratio was not due to antigenic modulation of B or T cell markers from their surfaces. In addition, IgSRK inhibited the proliferation of T cell-depleted PBMC cultures stimulated by B cell proliferation factors (BCPF) but not by fixed protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I. The capacity to inhibit B cell proliferation was independent of and distinct from its capacity to inhibit B cell differentiation, since IgSRK inhibited the differentiation of a B cell differentiation factor (BCDF)-sensitive line by BCDF (which contains no BCPF activity). IgSRK inhibited PWM-induced generation of cytoplasmic Ig+ cells but had no effect on Ig secretion from mature Ig-secreting cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that IgSRK (which contains the IgG fraction from pooled plasma from 2,000 healthy donors) can inhibit T cell-dependent or T cell factor-dependent B cell proliferation and B cell differentiation. PMID- 3501746 TI - Impaired pancreatic polypeptide response to hCRF in type 2 diabetics: restoration to normal by an opioid antagonist. AB - Administration of synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF, 2 micrograms/kg body weight) to 6 normal men produced a significant rise in plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. This PP-stimulating effect of hCRF could not be observed in 6 male Type 2 diabetic patients. Simultaneous application of the opioid antagonist naloxone (1.6 mg i.v. bolus, followed by an infusion at a rate of 1.2 mg/h) led to a restoration of the normal PP response to hCRF in the diabetic patients, while in normal subjects, during this combined treatment, the hCRF-induced PP peak occurred somewhat delayed. Our results provide further evidence for a role of hCRF as a stimulatory factor of PP release in normal men. Moreover, it is suggested that endogenous opioids may be part of a modulatory principle co-regulating the secretion of PP. An elevated tone of such an opioidergic PP control system could be responsible for the impaired PP response to hCRF in Type 2 diabetics. PMID- 3501747 TI - Cardiac valve surgery combined with aortocoronary bypass. AB - An analysis of the experience obtained in combined cardiac valve and coronary artery surgery in 23 patients was performed. The dominant feature of their clinical symptomatology was valvular disease in the majority of patients, even though angina pectoris was present in 14 of them. In all patients, cardiac valve surgery was carried out together with coronary reconstruction in the form of a single to triple bypass. The procedure involved, in two cases, simultaneous removal of a left ventricular aneurysm and, in one patient, closure of a postinfarction lesion of the interventricular septum. One patient died in the postoperative period displaying signs of the low cardiac output syndrome. Long term follow-up included 20 patients operated on. Improvement of a varying degree was observed in 19 patients. PMID- 3501748 TI - ANA and antihypertensive drugs. Any clinical importance? AB - ANA may occur in healthy people, particularly in older people and females and is usually unrelated to present or post medication. Their presence may be due to recent virus infections or other tissue damage. In agreement with this, ANA occur significantly more often in untreated hypertensive patients and are associated with the severity of the disorder. The ANA (and other autoantibodies) seem to be markers of an ongoing vascular injury. In agreement with this, the presence of such autoantibodies increase the five-year relative risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality three times, both in the general population, and in patients with essential hypertension (2). Such data emphasise the importance of careful selection of control groups whenever dealing with the ANA incidence in relation to drugs. When the patient is taking a drug recognised as being associated with increased ANA incidence, it is important to identify the drug as being one which may lead to development of SLE in ANA positive patients (Table 1). If the drug is in category A, further studies are necessary. When there are symptoms consistent with the diagnosis drug-induced SLE, discontinuation of the drug results in rapid clinical improvement if the drug is the inductive factor. Where no symptoms exist, the patient should be carefully watched if SLE develops. For drugs with a high ANA incidence, but little history of inducing SLE (category B), little more has to be done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501749 TI - [Characteristics of gene family encoding gamma-crystallins in Rana temporaria]. PMID- 3501750 TI - Ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in acute cystitis. AB - The clinical and bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions of ofloxacin vs trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole were investigated in a double-blind, randomised study in 250 female patients (125 in each group) with acute, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. The dosages of ofloxacin and trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole were 100mg and 160mg + 800mg twice daily, respectively. The duration of therapy was 3 days. 81% of the patients had significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli was isolated in 76% and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in 11% of the infections. The bacteriological elimination, clinical cure and improvement rates of the evaluable patients on ofloxacin treatment were 92 and 95%, respectively. The corresponding figures on trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole therapy were 88 and 90%. Adverse reactions were clinically unimportant, and none of the patients had to stop treatment. Mild and transient side effects, mainly from the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and skin, were reported by 19 and 22% of the patients in the ofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole groups, respectively. None of the differences in clinical and bacteriological efficacy and side effects of ofloxacin vs trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole were statistically significant. Ofloxacin appears to be an appropriate antibiotic for short term therapy of acute, uncomplicated, lower urinary tract infections, comparing favourably with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole treatment in this study. PMID- 3501751 TI - Clinical experience with ofloxacin in upper and lower urinary tract infections. A comparison with co-trimoxazole and nitrofurantoin. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin were compared with those of co trimoxazole in upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) and nitrofurantoin in lower UTIs in a prospective, controlled, randomised, observer-blind study. Ofloxacin proved to be an effective and well-tolerated substance. The clinical cure rate was more pronounced than that of both comparative drugs and ofloxacin was also superior to co-trimoxazole and nitrofurantoin in terms of bacterial elimination. A second, controlled study showed that single doses of ofloxacin 100mg were clinically and bacteriologically as effective as a 3-day course of ofloxacin 100mg twice daily in women with uncomplicated lower UTIs. PMID- 3501752 TI - Typhoid fever presenting with a bleeding disorder: case report. PMID- 3501753 TI - [Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices--studies of the technic and follow-up]. AB - Several prospective studies on the efficiency and technique of endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) were performed among 300 patients with bleeding esophageal varices, 173 of which had been treated by EST. Contrasted with a comparable control group (n = 80), EST (n = 100) reduced the incidence of rebleedings (40% vs 13.3%; p less than 0.0005) and the lethality (46.7% vs 30.6%; p less than 0.05) during the observation period of 21 months. The paravariceal and the intravariceal injection techniques were compared in 20 patients each. A higher number of initial and repeated treatment sessions argued against the paravaricel technique (mean follow up: 4 years). In a randomized study on prophylactic EST we found a lower bleeding frequency (13% vs 39%) in 16 patients treated by EST compared to 18 controls. PMID- 3501754 TI - [Intraoperative peroral endoscopy and vague sources of bleeding in the jejuno ileum]. AB - Although bleedings in the part of the jejunoileum only amount to about 1% of bleedings of the whole gastrointestinal tract, they can raise outstanding problems because of the difficulties in discovering the sources of bleeding and their localization. The importance of intraoperative endoscopy will be emphasized by example of 5 patients who suffered from recurrent bleedings. All of the other diagnostic procedures like x-ray examinations (angiography included), endoscopy and scintigraphy were fruitless. PMID- 3501755 TI - Bacterial vaginosis: microbiological and clinical findings. AB - A prospective study was performed involving 101 women who consecutively attended a primary health care unit for complaints of genital malodour and/or abnormal vaginal discharge. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 34 women on the basis of four diagnostic criteria: vaginal pH greater than 4.7, homogeneous vaginal discharge, a positive amine test and clue cells. The sensitivity of these criteria was greater than 90% except for homogeneous discharge (82%). Their specificity was greater than 90% except for vaginal pH greater than 4.7 (46%); a specificity of 87% could have been achieved by using the criterion for vaginal pH greater than or equal to 5.0. There was a strong association between diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and the concomitant occurrence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp. and Bacteroides spp. There was no difference between women with or without bacterial vaginosis as regards contraception methods (except for use of an intrauterine device), age at first intercourse, or earlier episodes of vaginal discharge. Sexual transmission of the predominant bacteria was not supported by data collected from the male consorts. PMID- 3501757 TI - Beta-lactamase hydrolysis and inhibition studies of the new 1-carbacephem LY163892. AB - A novel 1-carbacephem, LY163892, was determined to be more stable to plasmid mediated beta-lactamases than cefaclor. Chromosomal-mediated Type Ia and IVc enzymes destroyed LY163892 at rates ranging from 16 to 93% that of nitrocefin. LY163892 showed minimal ability to inhibit beta-lactamases other than Type Ia (P99). PMID- 3501756 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of the oral cephalosporin BMY 28100. AB - BMY-28100 was compared with cephalexin, cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram and found to be more active than the reference cephalosporins against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, and Clostridium difficile. BMY-28100 was the next most active, after cefteram, against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Against gram-negative bacteria, BMY-28100 showed similar activity to that of cefaclor. The antimicrobial activity of BMY-28100, including bactericidal activity, against Staphylococcus aureus was less affected by penicillinase-production than was that of cefaclor. BMY-28100 was more stable than cefaclor against various types of penicillinases, especially against the penicillinase from Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 3501758 TI - Optimal preprocessing Butterworth-Wiener filter for Tl-201 myocardial SPECT. AB - The optimal frequency characteristic of Butterworth-Wiener filters (BWF) for improving the image quality of 201Tl myocardial SPECT was determined by a phantom experiment. Thirty two projection images of the phantom containing 11.1 MBq of 201Tl with 4 different cold lesions were collected during a 180 degree arc of a gamma camera. A set of the projection images were processed with each of 27 different BWFs, and SPECT images were reconstructed by Shepp-Logan filtered backprojection. The SPECT images were evaluated for their diagnostic ability to visibly detect the cold lesions by four nuclear medicine physicians. The lesion contrasts were used as an adjunctive tool to determine the optimum filter. The optimal combination of the parameters determining BWF characteristics (for the data of about 100 count/pixel at the myocardium) is: 1) cutoff of 0.25/pixel, 2) FWHM of 3 pixels, 3) noise/signal ratio of 0.02. FWHM and noise/signal ratio affected lesion contrast much less than cutoff frequency. Clinical myocardial SPECT images processed with the optimal BWF showed less noise and sharper delineation of the myocardium. PMID- 3501759 TI - A calf thymus acid lysate improves clinical symptoms and T-cell defects in the early stages of HIV infection: second report. AB - Thymomodulin is a calf thymus acid lysate capable of inducing T lymphocyte maturation. Fifteen patients with HIV infection at different stages according to the Walter Reed classification were treated with 60 mg/day of thymomodulin syrup for more than 50 days. Two WR6B subjects had clinical and immunological parameters unchanged and died, while the patient suffering from Kaposi's sarcoma presented an evident clinical and laboratory improvement with remission of the neoplasia. The other 12 patients ranging from WR2 to WR5B showed an improvement of clinical symptoms after thymomodulin therapy accompanied by the normalization of CD4/CD8 ratio (P less than 0.001). This helpers/suppressors increase was due to a significant increase of CD4 cells (P less than 0.01) and also to a decrease of the CD8 lymphocytes (P less than 0.05). Thymomodulin administration did not cause an enhancement of the urinary levels of neopterin, a marker of T-cell activation. PMID- 3501760 TI - Postural coactivation and adaptation in the sway stabilizing responses of normals and patients with bilateral vestibular deficit. AB - The experiments were designed to test two hypotheses and their corollaries: 1. That adaptation of EMG responses to support surface rotations is due to a decrease in the gain of proprioceptively triggered long-loop stretch reflexes (Nashner 1976), and that the adaptation is dependent on a normally functioning vestibular system (Nashner et al. 1982); 2. That EMG responses to rotations are generated primarily by vestibulo-spinal reflexes triggered by head accelerations (Allum and Pfaltz 1985) and comprise a coactivation of opposing leg muscles (Allum and Budingen 1979). Adaptation with successive dorsi-flexive rotations of the support surface was investigated in the EMG responses of the ankle muscles, soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA), as well as the neck muscles, trapezius (TRAP) and splenius capitis (SPLEN CAP), both for normal subjects and for patients with bilateral peripheral vestibular deficit. Both normals and patients who first received the stimulus with their eyes open demonstrated decreasing activation at medium latency (ML), that is, with an onset at about 125 ms, and long latency (LL) responses with an onset ca 200 ms. This was the case for both ankle and neck muscles when the EMG response areas for the first 3 and second 7 of 10 trials were compared. Ankle muscle responses in the patients were diminished in area with respect to normals both with the eyes open and with the eyes closed. Ankle torque recordings from the patients were also smaller in amplitude, and these attenuated differently from normal torque responses. Functional coupling of the opposing ML and LL SOL and TA muscle responses was confirmed by the nearly coincident onset times and significantly correlated EMG response areas. At ML, ankle torque was highly correlated with TA activity when the influence of SOL was controlled. At LL, SOL activity was highly correlated with torque when the influence of TA was controlled. The delay of torque adaptation beyond the period of ML activity in normals, but not in the patients was attributed to the proportionally balanced coactivated muscle patterns producing a consistent force output and level of stability in normals. The results indicate that the adaptation in EMG response amplitudes during a sway stabilisation task is not dependent on a normally functioning vestibular system nor on visual inputs but rather appears to be due to a generalized habituation in the postural control system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3501761 TI - [Changes in the ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in pessimal conduction block via the sympathetic ganglion in the frog]. PMID- 3501762 TI - [Effects of serotonin on the motor function of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 3501763 TI - Prolonged beta blockade due to tertatolol: a comparative study with propranolol and atenolol. AB - Submaximal exercise heart rate was measured after oral administration of placebo, tertatolol 5 mg, propranolol 80 mg, and atenolol 100 mg to 12 subjects in a double-blind cross-over study. The peaks of beta-blocking activity, observed at 2 hr, were of similar extent for the 3 drugs. The duration of activity of tertatolol, a beta blocker with a short elimination half-life, extended up to 24 hr as did that of atenolol, but was longer than that of propranolol which reached only 18 hr. These results support once-daily administration of tertatolol in therapy. PMID- 3501764 TI - A new method for the development of human T-T cell hybrids without the use of HAT medium. AB - We report here a new method for the development of human T-T cell hybrids by fusing mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated T cells with non-mutagenized cells from human lymphoblastoid T cell lines. This method is based on a new selection procedure where the hybrids are separated from the parent T cell line on the basis of their ability to form colonies in soft agar. In contrast, cells from lymphoblastoid T cell lines Molt-4 and Jurkat do not form colonies in agar. Hybridoma colonies are retrieved from the agar plates, expanded in culture, screened by HLA-typing and appropriate functional tests and recloned several times by limiting dilution. HAT medium, which contains thymidine that appears to be toxic to the hybrids, is not used in our selection procedure. Using this method, we developed human T-T cell hybridomas (as determined by HLA-typing) producing B-cell growth factor (BCGF) either constitutively or after induction with Concanavalin A (Con A). Certain other T-T cell hybrids produced suppressor factor, significantly inhibiting proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to PHA, Con A and allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 3501765 TI - High frequency production of hybridomas secreting antibodies to cell antigens. AB - The efficiency of various immunization protocols for the production of hybridomas secreting immunoglobulins specific to cell antigens was evaluated in 15 different fusion experiments. Some of these experiments were performed with splenic B lymphocytes from mice at different stages of immunization. This approach allowed a dynamic analysis of immunocompetent splenic B-lymphocyte production during the immunization cycle. PMID- 3501766 TI - [HIV infections in the Frankfurt area: results of viral serologic laboratory diagnosis]. AB - Basing on routine laboratory diagnosis of serum antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in the years 1985 and 1986, the monthly detection rate of infection amounts to 50 persons on an average in the region of Frankfurt/FRG. The relation of female to male persons changed from 1:7 to 1:3 during one year. This might be influenced by a screening programme performed with female prostitutes who are found seropositive in about 2.5%. In December 1986, the first case of an HIV-2 infection was recorded. The clinical examination of HIV-infected patients admitted to the City Hospital of Offenbach/FRG revealed striking signs in about 35-40%, of AIDS in 6%. The infected persons belong to risk groups. No positive result was seen in pregnant women (n = 1100), medical staff (n = 405) and patients requiring renal transplants (n = 115) who do not belong to the risk groups. PMID- 3501767 TI - Influence of keto acid (KA) treatment on renal osteodystrophy. AB - A marked improvement of renal osteodystrophy was achieved after a combined treatment with keto acids and vitamin D in patients with chronic renal failure. Results were checked by histological investigations. The biochemical background of the successful treatment was analysed. A regression of hyperparathyroidism and improvement in vitamin D status are the cause of this phenomenon. PMID- 3501768 TI - Immunologic findings in patients with an atypical course of an infection with non typhoid salmonellae. AB - We investigated the state of humoral and cellular immunity of 16 patients (eight women, eight men, aged 16 to 80 years), who had suffered from extraintestinal manifestations of infections with enteritis salmonellae. Four patients were examined during the acute state of the disease, the others one to three years thereafter. These patients were in good clinical condition. In all cases we could exclude an antibody deficiency syndrome. In the peripheral blood of 11 patients, we found a diminished number of T-helper lymphocytes, mostly together with a decrease in total T lymphocytes. Because the microbicidal activity of macrophages may be impaired by a general or localized decrease in T-helper cells, we suggest that the phagocytized enteritis salmonellae survive in this way and cause the atypical course of the infection in these patients. PMID- 3501769 TI - Severe ventricular arrhythmia during pentamidine treatment of AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3501770 TI - Benefits and risks of co-trimoxazole (Bactrim) therapy. PMID- 3501771 TI - Consideration of the uses and risks of co-trimoxazole from the therapeutic point of view. PMID- 3501772 TI - Risk-benefit analyses of drugs: fundamental considerations and requirements from the point of view of the biometrician. Problems in the assessment of the combination of trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. AB - Risk-benefit analyses are a prerequisite for a rational decision about therapies, e.g. drugs. Ingredients of a risk-benefit analysis are: 1. quality and quantity of the benefit; 2. quality and quantity of the harm; 3. benefit and harm of the natural history of the disease; 4. benefit and harm of therapeutic alternatives; 5. commensurability of harm and benefit; 6. consideration of all types of adverse drug reactions together. The available evidence was not suitable for a sound risk benefit analysis of the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, there seems to be enough evidence to restrict the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in diseases with a benign prognosis and/or when there are therapeutic alternatives with a smaller risk/benefit ratio. Reliable rules for risk-benefit analyses have to be developed and the necessary information has to be gained also in methodologically sound phase IV research. PMID- 3501773 TI - Clinical and practitioners' reports on adverse effects of co-trimoxazole. AB - This study concerns the incidence of side effects occurring in connection with the prescription of co-trimoxazole which, according to the observations of medical practitioners, were suspected of being drug related. It is based on reports from 260 doctors in the Nordbaden/Rheinlandpfalz area between 1981 and 1984, as well as on those from hospital doctors concerning 33,300 in-patients at the Department of Internal Medicine at the University Hospital of Heidelberg from 1980 to 1983. General practitioners' reports: Of 3,739 side effects reported over a three and a half year period, 180 were related to drugs containing co trimoxazole. Side effects were 3.3 times as frequent with the "forte" dosage as compared to the 80 mg trimethoprim/400 mg sulfamethoxazole preparation. The most frequently cited unwanted reactions concerned the skin (n = 63, of which two were Quincke oedema and three were urticarious reactions) and the gastrointestinal tract (n = 52), as well as disturbance of well being (n = 30). Gastro-intestinal disturbances appeared to occur more frequently after a higher than after a lower dosage. Clinicians' reports: During the period of observation an average of 12.6% of all in-patients were treated with drugs containing co-trimoxazole. The total number of cases of side effects due to this drug amounted to 255. Serious reactions included: two anaphylactic reactions; two thrombocytopenias below 80,000/mm3; and two cases of Lyell's syndrome (one of which could not be confirmed beyond all doubt). Side effects occurred more often after i.v. than after oral application.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501774 TI - Co-trimoxazole-induced hepatic injury--an analysis of cases with hypersensitivity like reactions. AB - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is used extensively for treatment of pulmonary and urinary tract infections. Side effects may affect skin, blood, bone marrow, kidney and the liver. Although a number of sulfonamides have been reported to have produced hepatic lesions, hepatitis following therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a rather rare event. While trimethoprim has not yet been reported as a cause of hepatic disorders, sulfamethoxazole has occasionally been described as inducing hepatic injury. In some cases, these reactions are accompanied by symptoms indicative for allergic reactions such as fever, rash and eosinophilia. Seven well documented cases are analyzed and discussed with respect to the nature of side effects caused by co-trimoxazole. PMID- 3501775 TI - Psychosocial and symptom characteristics of government outpatient clinic attenders in Singapore. PMID- 3501776 TI - Irish standards for triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. PMID- 3501777 TI - [Significance of the etiology of a concomitant disease for the risk of extended coronary bypass operation]. PMID- 3501778 TI - [Strategy in simultaneous occlusive disease of the carotid and coronary arteries]. PMID- 3501779 TI - Possible male segregation distortion of DR2 haplotypes in narcolepsy patients. AB - Segregation of disease-associated DR2-linked haplotypes from patients with narcolepsy was studied in 18 German families. Of these, 13 were informative, as transmission could be traced from DR2 heterozygous patients to their healthy offspring. Although the composition of extended haplotypes was equal in males and females, DR2 was transmitted to 78.6% of the offspring by diseased fathers but only to 57.1% by diseased mothers. Compared to an expected 1:1 ratio according to Mendelian segregation this means a statistically significant deviation (p less than or equal to 0.03) for male but not for female patients. In contrast, transmission distortion was not observed with 30 DR2 haplotypes in 27 healthy families. These data represent a new example of male segregation distortion in an HLA-associated disorder. PMID- 3501780 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to sheep MHC class II molecules recognize all HLA-D or subsets of HLA-D region products. AB - Six murine monoclonal antibodies raised against sheep MHC class II molecules were analyzed for reactivity with HLA-D subregion products. All the antibodies reacted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines homozygous for various HLA-DR specificities, suggesting that the antibodies recognized nonpolymorphic determinants on HLA class II molecules. SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional NEPHGE/SDS-PAGE analyses of molecules immunoprecipitated from 35S methionine-labeled, DR-homozygous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines showed that the monoclonal antibodies precipitated typical class II molecules (Mr 32-34K and 25 29K). From comparison with antibodies of known HLA-D subregion specificity, two of the sheep antibodies appeared to react with the products of single HLA-D subregions, while another showed balanced reactivity with all HLA-D molecules. Antibody SBU.II 38-27 reacted exclusively with HLA-DQ molecules, antibody SBU.II 28-1 with HLA-DP molecules, and antibody SBU.II 49-1 with HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP molecules. However, analysis of immunoprecipitates from surface-iodinated WT-49 cells (DR3 homozygous) using SBU.II 28-1 and the DP-specific monoclonal antibody B7/21, suggested that the two antibodies immunoprecipitated different alpha polypeptides. The two antibodies SBU.II 38-27 and 28-1 appear to be at least as specific as existing reagents, if not more so. As such, they are of value in their potential contribution to our understanding of the molecular characteristics and ultimately the functions of the HLA-DQ and -DP subregion products, as well as the identification/characterization of HLA-D equivalents in other species. PMID- 3501781 TI - A novel human class II specificity, DQ "Wa," resides on DQ molecules of DR4,Dw15 and DRw8,Dw8 B-cell lines identified as DQ "blank". AB - The molecular localization of a novel human class II specificity, DQ "Wa," was investigated. A monoclonal antibody, HU46, which has previously been shown to react with DR4, Dw15 and DRw8, Dw8 B cells that type as DQ "blank," was used for the isolation and structural characterization of class II molecules bearing the DQ "Wa" determinant. The partial N-terminal sequence analysis of class II molecules bearing the DQ "Wa" determinant, purified from two B-cell lines, EBV-Wa (DR4, Dw15, DQ "blank") and GI (DRw8, Dw8, DQ "blank"), shows that the alpha and beta chain sequences are homologous to HLA-DQ. Within the limits of our analysis, the alpha and beta chains from both cell lines are identical. Both beta chains possess a phenylalanine residue at position 9 that differs from the tyrosine residue present at this position in beta chains of DQ alleles. These studies indicate that a novel human class II specificity, DQ "Wa," resides on a new allelic form of DQ molecules found in DR4, Dw15 and DRw8, Dw8 cells that are DQ "blank." PMID- 3501782 TI - Spectrometric and liquid chromatographic determination of natamycin in cheese and cheese rind. AB - Methods for determining natamycin content of cheese rind and cheese are presented. Cheese and rind samples are extracted with methanol and the fat precipitated by cooling the sample solution in methanol-water at -15 to -20 degrees C for ca 1 h. Natamycin levels are measured by UV spectrometric detection at absorbance minimum 311 nm, maximum 317 nm, and at exactly 329 nm, or by LC separation over Lichrosorb RP-8 column with detection at 303 nm. For measuring low levels, a concentration step is provided. The method is applicable to natamycin in cheese rind and in the interior of the cheese. Detection limit is 0.5 mg/kg. The method is suitable for controlling a maximum tolerance of natamycin on the cheese rind, at a level of 1 mg/dm2, and for detecting migration of natamycin into the cheese. PMID- 3501783 TI - Determination of natamycin in cheese and cheese rind: interlaboratory collaborative study. AB - A collaborative test on the determination of natamycin in cheese and cheese rind was conducted. Participants were from 37 laboratories in 13 countries. Eight samples, consisting of 4 duplicates, were investigated by a spectrometric method and a liquid chromatographic (LC) method. The spectrometric method gave good results (coefficient of variation [CV] = 12%) and the LC method with ultraviolet detection gave reasonable results (CV = 25%) for levels down to 15 mg/kg (0.9 mg/dm2). For very low levels, a preconcentration step is necessary, but even then quantitation is poor (CV = 35-37%) for both methods at 1.7 mg/kg, although the presence of natamycin can be detected qualitatively. For a level of 0.3 mg/kg, quantitation is poor (CV = 39%) for the LC method and impossible (CV = 60%) for the spectrometric method. PMID- 3501784 TI - Massive lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage as a complication of intestinal tuberculosis. PMID- 3501785 TI - Studies on the active site of Taka-amylase A: its action on phenyl maltooligosides with a charge at their non-reducing-ends. AB - Five modified moltooligosaccharides, phenyl O-6-amino-6-deoxy-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl- (1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1-- --4)- alpha-D-glucopyransoide (AG4P), phenyl O-(alpha-D glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-d glucopyran osy l- (1----4)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (CG4P), phenyl O-6-amino-6 deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyra nos yl- (1----4)-O alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-- --4)- alpha-D glucopyranoside (AG5P), phenyl O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1----4)-O alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- (1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1-- --4)- alpha-D-glucopyranoside (CG5P), and phenyl O-6-deoxy-6 [(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)- O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-- -4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-a lph a-D- glucopyranoside (FG4P), were prepared to examine the active site of Taka-amylase A (TAA) [EC 3.2.1.1, Aspergillus oryzae]. Phenyl alpha-maltotetraoside (G4P) was predominantly hydrolyzed by TAA to maltose and phenyl alpha-maltoside (G2P). While G2P, phenyl alpha-glucoside (GP), and phenol were liberated from AG4P in the ratio of 7:63:30. G4P, phenyl alpha-maltotrioside (G3P), G2P, and GP were liberated from G5P in the ratio of 1:20:73:6, but AG5P was almost completely hydrolyzed to modified maltotriose and G2P. On the hydrolysis of CG4P and CG5P, no remarkable change was observed except for a decrease in the relative reaction rates compared with G4P and G5P, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3501786 TI - Isolation and characterization of major gangliosides from frog liver. AB - Four major gangliosides isolated from frog liver were characterized by compositional analysis involving GLC and GC-MS, methylation analysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that the most major ganglioside in the tissue was GM4 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid and the others were GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid, GD1a, and a fucosyl ganglioside which was tentatively assigned to be alpha-galactosyl alpha-fucosyl GM1. This is the first report describing the presence of GM4 containing N glycolylneuraminic acid. The fatty acids in both GM4 were mainly alpha hydroxylated, and those in the fucosyl ganglioside were exclusively nonhydroxy fatty acids. The GD1a contained both nonhydroxy and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids in a ratio of about 3:2. The predominant species were 22:0, 23:0, 24:0, and 24:1 in both species of the fatty acids. The long-chain bases of these four gangliosides consisted of C18-sphingosine and C18-phytosphingosine together with significant amounts of C16 to C19 dihydroxy and trihydroxy bases with iso and anteiso structures. PMID- 3501787 TI - Evaluating the significance of minimal brain dysfunction--results of an epidemiological study. AB - An epidemiological field investigation of 399 8-yr-old children was unable to support basic assumptions of the clinical MBD concept (existence of a homogeneous syndrome, specific psychopathology, evidence of increased perinatal risks). Using a multi-level case definition procedure and factor-analytic data aggregation, nearly complete independence was found among the diagnostical levels of neurophysiology, neuropsychology and specific skills. Main results were replicated after the application of several alternative models of case definition and were further confirmed by data from a clinical sample. Present findings emphasize the necessity to reconsider the concept of MBD and its practical consequences. PMID- 3501788 TI - High-performance of liquid chromatographic determination of [3,4-di-(4 methoxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl]acetic acid and its metabolites in human plasma and urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of the non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent [3,4-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl]acetic acid and its three metabolites in plasma and urine. Deproteinized plasma (with acetonitrile) or urine was applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, washed with distilled water and then eluted with methanol. The methanol eluate was reduced to dryness. The resulting residues from the plasma and urine were redissolved in methanol aqueous solution, respectively. Aliquots of each solution were chromatographed on a reversed-phase column using a mobile phase of methanol-20 mM potassium dihydrogenphosphate (pH 6.4) (linear gradient from 0 to 100% methanol at 3%/min with a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min) on a liquid chromatograph equipped with an ultraviolet absorbance detector (254 nm). Detection was limited to 10 ng/ml in plasma and 100 ng/ml in urine for each compound. An accurate and sensitive assay for the determination of [3,4-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl]acetic acid and its metabolites was established. PMID- 3501789 TI - [The cerebral blood flow and metabolism in Broca's aphasia using positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3501790 TI - Incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease by regional registration in Japan. AB - This presentation deals with the large-scale statistics of 19 951 patients of trophoblastic diseases (TDs). The information was obtained by regional registration of 16 prefectures in Japan since 1974, and based on a definite classification of TDs given by the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The population of these prefectures comprises approximately 40% of that in all Japan. The number of registrations accumulated in this series was estimated to be greater than 90% of all affected patients in all regions, indicating a high degree of reliability of these statistics. The overall incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) including invasive mole (IM) in 16 regions between 1974 and 1983 was one HM per 306 live births or 482 pregnancies. The incidence of HM with or without IM per 100,000 women showed a tendency to decrease in parallel with the reduction in birth rate during this period, thus indicating no significant change in the incidence of HM per 1000 live births. In this series the number of cases 'undetermined' because of a lack of appropriate histology was 943 (or approximately 5% of all cases). These may potentially be categorized as either IM or choriocarcinoma. Also, criteria for the distinction between a partial and a complete mole could not be defined satisfactorily. PMID- 3501791 TI - Effect of different optic nerve lesions on retinal ganglion cell death in the frog Rana pipiens. AB - Following optic nerve crush in various species of frog, a proportion of the retinal ganglion cells re-establishes functional contact with the optic tectum. However, as much as 50% of the retinal ganglion cells die during this process. The determinants of an individual ganglion cell's fate have not been established. In this study of Rana pipiens, cell survival after optic nerve crush was compared with that after nerve cut followed by stump separation, a procedure that considerably delayed entry of optic axons to the brain. It was also ascertained, in the case of delayed ingrowth, whether application of nerve growth factor immediately after lesion influenced the cell death process. This study confirmed that retinal ganglion cell death is a relatively late event in regeneration, because in several animals where anterograde HRP labeling demonstrated regenerating axons within the tectum, no cell death had occurred. There was no statistically significant difference in cell death at 75 days after lesion between animals receiving nerve crush and those receiving nerve cut with stump separation, even though most crush animals had regenerated a complete visual projection, whereas most nerve cut animals had not. The application of NGF did not influence the level of cell death at 75 days after lesion. These results suggest that contact of optic axons with the optic tract or tectum is not necessary for retinal ganglion cell death to occur. However, this does not necessarily mean that contact with the brain is not involved with cell death during regeneration following nerve crush because it is possible that the mechanisms of cell death are different when axons are prevented from regenerating. Further investigations are therefore required to establish the reasons for this cell death. PMID- 3501792 TI - Autoradiographic studies of cerebellar histogenesis in the premetamorphic bullfrog tadpole: I. Generation of the external granular layer. AB - This study examines the time of origin of cells in the external granular layer (EGL) in the frog cerebellum during early stages of development. Premetamorphic bullfrog tadpoles were given multiple intraperitoneal injections of 3H-thymidine (10 microCi/g body weight per injection) at developmental stages ranging from 4 weeks to 1 year and were killed at either 6 or 12 months of age. Autoradiograms were analyzed to determine the time when cells of the EGL were generated by an examination of the labeling pattern in the neuroepithelial cap where EGL cells were presumably formed and in the EGL into which they migrated. The developmental stage of the cerebellum in the 6-month-old tadpole was essentially the same as that of the 12-month-old animal except for an increased size in the older tadpole. The cerebellum in both age groups contained a distinct neuroepithelial cap and an EGL, which was somewhat better formed in the 12-month-old tadpole. Some heavily labeled cells were found in the neuroepithelial caps of 6-month-old tadpoles from injection times of 6 weeks to 6 months. In the cerebella of 12 month-old tadpoles, however, heavily labeled cells were found in the neuroepithelial cap only with the injection time of 12 months; with injection times from 7 to 11 months, the cells were labeled lightly. Labeled EGL cells were found in the cerebella of 6-month-old tadpoles from an injection time of 6 weeks on; with injection times from 10 weeks to 6 months some EGL cells contained heavy amounts of label. In the cerebella of 12-month-old tadpoles, labeling of EGL cells was not detectable with injection times of 7-9 months; they contained light to medium labeling with injection times of 10 and 11 months and heavy labeling when injected at 12 months. These results indicate that EGL cells are generated continuously in premetamorphic tadpoles from the age of 6 weeks to 12 months. Furthermore, these results suggest that the rate of EGL cell formation is faster during the second half-year of development than during the first. PMID- 3501793 TI - Evidence for centripetally shifting terminals on the tectum of postmetamorphic Rana pipiens. AB - In larval frogs the retina and tectum grow in topologically dissimilar patterns: new cells are added as peripheral annuli in the retina and as caudal crescents in the tectum. Retinotopy is maintained by the continual caudalward shifting of the terminals of the optic axons. After metamorphosis the pattern of growth changes. The retina continues to add new ganglion cells peripherally, but there is no neurogenesis in the tectum. To maintain retinotopy in postmetamorphic frogs, the terminals of the optic axons must continually shift toward the central tectum. We tested the proposal of centripetally shifting axons by making punctate injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the tectum of adult Rana pipiens and observing the patterns of filled cells in the contralateral retina, as was done in the goldfish (Easter and Stuermer, '84). Punctate applications of HRP in the tectum should be taken up: 1) by fascicles, and label a partial anulus of cells, 2) by terminals, and label a cluster of cells in the corresponding retinotopic site, and 3) by the extrafascicular axonal segments, and label a band of cells connecting the partial annulus to the cluster. If the terminals have shifted centripetally, the band of cells labeled through their extrafascicular segments should have a spoke-like orientation, with the center of the retina as the hub. As the tectal site moves from rostral to caudal, this band of cells should move, pendulum-like, from temporal to nasal retina. In general, the patterns of HRP filled retinal cells we observed were consistent with our predictions. In addition, HRP taken up by the oldest (rostral) tectal axons produced more complex patterns of filled cells that indicated that these axons had shifted both caudally before metamorphosis and centripetally after. PMID- 3501794 TI - Immune function in mice exposed to the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2' deoxycoformycin during immune system development. AB - Pregnant mice were administered 2'-deoxycoformycin (2dCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase activity, by intraperitoneal injection on day 7 or 15 of gestation or from day 8-12 or 14-18 of gestation. A total dose of 0.5 or 2.0 micrograms 2dCF/g of maternal body weight was given to the dams. In a separate study, pups born to nontreated dams were given 5 intraperitoneal injections totaling 0.5, 2.0 or 4.0 micrograms 2dCF/g beginning at 4 weeks of age. Administered doses of 2dCF were at levels known to profoundly suppress adenosine deaminase levels in adult mice. Pups born to dams injected with 2dCF from day 14 18 all died within 48 h of birth whereas other injection schedules had no effect on birth rate or survival of pups. In utero 2dCF exposure had little effect on immune function in offspring. On the other hand, body, spleen and thymus weight, and splenic cellularity were decreased in weanling mice 24 h after the last injection of 4 micrograms/g 2dCF. Proliferative responses of splenocytes to T cell mitogens and alloantigens were likewise suppressed at both 2.0 and 4.0 micrograms/g 2dCF. Suppression of proliferative responses in treated weanling mice were no longer apparent at 7 weeks of age although splenic cellularity and weight remained lower than control values. These results are similar to those we have reported for 8 week old mice given similar doses of 2dCF, with the exception of elevated levels of NK cell activity in older 2dCF-treated mice and suggest that there may be age-related differences in the sensitivity of certain cell populations to the effects of 2dCF. PMID- 3501795 TI - "In vivo effects of rIL-2 pretreatment on chemotherapeutically induced in vivo natural cytolytic hyporesponsiveness". AB - Chemotherapeutics have been shown to have detrimental effects on immune response, hence, pretreatment or concurrent use of an immune augmentation substance could lead to reconstitution of an immune response such as cytolytic activity after administration of chemotherapeutic agent. Previously, in an in vitro system, we have demonstrated IL-2 pretreatment reconstituted drug induced immunosuppression as well as altered differential sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. This study presents evidence that in vivo functional cytolytic potential can be retained by IL-2 pretreatment on chemotherapeutically-induced natural cytolytic hyporesponsiveness. PMID- 3501796 TI - Functional maturation of immature B cells accumulated in the periphery by an intraperitoneal administration of a traditional Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to). AB - We found that an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (Japanese name: shosaiko-to), induced accumulation of B lymphocytes (sIgM+) in the peritoneal cavity and spleen. 1) Cell surface marker analysis by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) demonstrated that the accumulated B cells on day 4 or 7 after shosaiko-to administration (early phase) were composed mainly of sIgM+IgD- cells and suggested that these B cells maturated into sIgM+IgD+ cells on days 10 or 14 (late phase). Relative decrease of IgM+IgD+ cells at early phase was more profound in peritoneal cells (PC) than in spleen cells. 2) With respect to spleen lymphocytes, antibody responses to a thymus-independent (TI) antigen of type 2 (trinitrophenylated Ficoll) and a thymus-dependent (TD) antigen (sheep erythrocyte) were enhanced at late phase but not at early phase. In contrast, responses to trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) as a TI-1 antigen and LPS as a B cell mitogen or a polyclonal B cell activator were enhanced markedly at early phase but declined at late phase. 3) With respect to peritoneal lymphocytes, responses to LPS were suppressed at early phase but recovered at late phase. Enhanced responses to TI and TD antigen at late phase in spleen lymphocytes and suppressed response to LPS at early phase in peritoneal lymphocytes may be explained by increases of IgM+IgD+ mature B cells and IgM+IgD- immature B cells, respectively, at those times. Enhanced responses to TI-1 or LPS in spleen lymphocytes at early phase may be explained by elevated sensitivity of IgM+IgD+ cells which reside in the spleen before shosaiko-to administration and receive the direct stimulation by shosaiko to, or by acquired responsiveness of IgM+IgD- cells which migrate after stimulation with shosaiko-to. PMID- 3501797 TI - Inhibition of release of interleukin-2 by vincristine and vinblastine. AB - The antineoplastic drugs Vincristine (VCR) and Vinblastine (VBL) were tested for their effects on Concanavalin A induced Interleukin-2 (IL-2) release by rat splenocytes. Both drugs were found to inhibit IL-2 release in vitro. This effect was noted at doses of 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml in case of VBL and at doses of 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml with VCR. The in vivo effect of these drugs was studied by injection into rats three days before culture of splenocytes. This also resulted in inhibition of IL-2 release. The effect was manifested with VCR at doses of 0.1 mg/kg bw and 0.5 mg/kg bw and with VBL at 2 mg/kg bw. These drugs were also tested for their effect on Interleukin-1 (IL-1) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat peritoneal exudate cells (PEC's) in vitro. No modulation of the production of IL-1 was seen. PMID- 3501799 TI - [T-cell subpopulation and natural killer cell activity in smokers and lung cancer patients]. PMID- 3501798 TI - Effect of oral vs. parenteral cyclophosphamide on in vitro IgA and IgG production by murine Peyer's patches and cultured jejunal fragments. AB - The gut associated lymphoid tissue plays an important role in intestinal defenses, food allergy, oral tolerance, and certain intestinal diseases. This study describes the effect of either oral or parenteral cyclophosphamide on IgA and IgG production in the gut. Mice were treated with cyclophosphamide either IV or PO, and Peyer's patch cell cultures were established to evaluate mitogen induced production of IgA and IgG. To evaluate the effect of cyclophosphamide on the plasma cell rich lamina propria, segments of jejunum were cultured and overnight secretion of IgG and IgA were measured. We found, the secretion of IgA or IgG by jejunal fragments was not influenced by cyclophosphamide (IV or PO). Mitogen induced secretion of IgA and IgG by Peyer's patch cells was markedly decreased 24 hrs after drug administration, with significant recovery by day 7. Cell mixing experiments revealed that a single dose cyclophosphamide reduced the capacity of Peyer's patch B cells to secrete IgA or IgG when co cultured with normal T cells. This study demonstrates that a single dose cyclophosphamide can have profound effects on the gut immune system and that the drug has a similar effect when given either orally or parenterally. PMID- 3501800 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rcbf) was studied preoperatively and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively in 22 normal pressure hydrocephalus patients using xenon 133 inhalation and single photon emission computed tomography. Sixteen of the 22 patients improved (improved group) and six did not (unimproved group). The following comparisons were made: (1) preoperative rcbf in the improved group, to 14 normal elderly volunteers and to that in 59 SDAT (senile dementia of the Alzheimer type) patients; (2) preoperative rcbf in the improved and unimproved groups to determine if rcbf could predict surgical outcome; (3) pre- to postoperative rcbf in the improved group to see if increased cbf accounted for clinical improvement. The findings were: (1) preoperative rcbf in the improved group was lower than that in normal controls but was the same as that in SDAT; however, the ratios of rcbf values in anterior and posterior brain regions were significantly different between improved group and SDAT (p = 0.02); (2) an anterior/posterior ratio of 1.05 correctly classified surgical outcome in 19/22 patients; five of six in the unimproved group were above this cut off while 14/16 in the improved group were below; (3) in the improved group rcbf increased at 2 but not at 6 months after surgery without a corresponding reduction of clinical signs, supporting the notion that increase in cbf probably does not account for clinical improvement in normal pressure hydrocephalus. PMID- 3501801 TI - Focal cerebral hypoperfusion and selective cognitive deficit in dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow was investigated using single photon emission computed tomography and xenon-133 intravenous injection in six patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) with atypical focal clinical presentation, and in 20 age-matched healthy volunteers. The patients had a progressive and preponderant cognitive deficit and a focal hypoperfusion that correlated with the neuropsychological findings, whereas the average flow did not significantly differ from that of controls. The assessment of concordant haemodynamic and neuropsychological focal abnormalities could be useful in the diagnosis of atypical cases of DAT. PMID- 3501802 TI - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-induced depression of heterologous immune responses: effects of the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine. AB - Both mucosal and systemic immune responses are depressed in mice infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and this is correlated with a striking increase in the numbers of histamine-containing, mucosal-associated mast cells. As suppressor T cells bear histamine H2 receptors, we have used the H2 antagonist, cimetidine, to test whether histamine mediates N. brasiliensis induced immunodepression. In uninfected mice, mitogenic responses to PHA and Con A were increased by treatment with cimetidine; in some experiments this treatment also increased antibody responses to a T-dependent antigen (TNP-BGG). By contrast, these T- and B-cell responses were markedly depressed in mice infected with N. brasiliensis, and cimetidine treatment did not alter this parasite induced immunodepression. These results imply that although histamine can modulate immune responses in uninfected animals, it is not a major component of the immunoregulatory pathway induced by infection with N. brasiliensis. PMID- 3501803 TI - Life threatening hemorrhage in children with cancer. PMID- 3501804 TI - Emergencies in the pediatric oncology patient. PMID- 3501805 TI - Pyomyositis and polyarticular septic arthritis from Hemophilus influenzae in a nonimmunocompromised adult. AB - We describe a healthy woman in whom pyomyositis of the left buttock, polyarticular septic arthritis, and meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type B developed after pneumonia. Systemic antibiotic therapy and local drainage provided a good result. This is the first case of pyomyositis and the 30th case of septic arthritis from Hemophilus influenzae described in an adult. PMID- 3501806 TI - An immunochemotherapy protocol for enhanced tumoricidal activity: in vivo treatment with IL-2 prior to chemotherapy. AB - Protective effects of rIL-2 modulation on immune tumoricidal activity (cytolytic activity as expressed in LU/spleen) as well as tumor mass was examined in a murine malignant tumor model. Using rIL-2 and Adriamycin both separately and concurrently to treat an established in vivo murine tumor, we demonstrate immune cytolytic function associated with drug treatment is rescued with pretreatment of IL-2 prior to administration of cytotoxic drug (i.e., to have greater tumoricidal activity as determined by lytic units/spleen than either rIL-2 or Adriamycin treatment alone). Reduction of tumor mass was observed whenever IL-2 was administered. A significant inflammatory response was observed in animals with drug and IL-2 pretreatment. This data suggests a more effective approach to the treatment of this tumor model is pretreatment of IL-2 prior to administration of chemotherapy versus either IL-2 or chemotherapy alone. PMID- 3501807 TI - Augmented nonspecific resistance and simultaneous impairment of specific immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in tumor-bearing mice. AB - Meth A tumor-bearing mice were examined for changes in the host defense mechanism against infection with Listeria monocytogenes. The resistance of tumor-bearing mice to systemic, i.e., intravenous, infection in an early phase of the infection was suppressed for 1-3 days after tumor implantation (5 x 10(5) cells/mouse, subcutaneously), but was augmented thereafter even on the 35th day as compared with normal mice. Suppression and enhancement of the resistance of tumor-bearing mice to primary infection with L. monocytogenes was also observed in tumor bearing athymic nude mice. Splenic macrophages from tumor-bearing mice on the 14th day after tumor implantation exerted potent bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes in vitro as compared with those from normal mice. The function of macrophages as nonimmune scavenger cells seemed to be activated in mice bearing a progressing tumor. However, some of the tumor-bearing mice challenged with a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes showed diminished resistance in the late phase of the infection; moreover listeria-immunized tumor-bearing mice showed less resistance to a secondary challenge with the bacteria than did normal immunized mice. This suppression of the specific immune response of tumor-bearing mice to L. monocytogenes was shown also in the assay of the delayed-type footpad reaction. The bacterial growth-inhibiting function of listeria-immune T lymphocytes, determined by the effect of adoptive transfer of the cells on the growth of Listeria, was also reduced in tumor-bearing mice as compared with normal mice. PMID- 3501808 TI - Studies on a serum factor which blocks the effect of human natural thymocytotoxic antibodies. AB - Normal human serum contains an IgM associated cytotoxic activity acting on guinea pig thymocytes. The inhibition of this cytotoxic effect by normal guinea pig serum was investigated. The blocking effect could be detected within 1 min and seemed to act by interfering with the cytotoxic factor in solution, since preincubation of human serum with autologous guinea pig serum potentiated the blocking effect, whereas no irreversible blocking effect was obtained by pre incubation of target cells with the blocking factor. The inhibitory factor was not absorbed by incubation with thymocytes. The blocking effect was heat stabile (56 degrees C, 30 min) and detectable at both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The clear effect on the cytotoxic effect of heterologous serum at 4 degrees C was in contrast to the much lower effect on the cytotoxicity of autologous serum at this temperature. PMID- 3501809 TI - Filipin and digitonin studies of membrane cholesterol in frog atrial fibers with unusual gap junction configurations. AB - The gap junctions of frog myocardium present, in freeze-fracture, an atypical organisation of their junctional particles. Freeze-fracture cytochemistry with the cholesterol probes filipin and digitonin has been used to investigate whether the particular arrangement of the particles involves a lipid segregation in the plane of the membrane. Both probes labeled uniformly the non-junctional membrane, but no deformations were ever found inside the smooth membrane area circumscribed by the circle of junctional particles. At the level of junction formation zones almost no sterol probe complexes were found in the intramembranous particle free area which surrounded small clusters of junctional particles. These results suggest a regional variation in cholesterol related to the necessity of membrane fluidity during junction morphogenesis. PMID- 3501810 TI - Serum levels and pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in dog following parenteral administration of Timentin. AB - The serum concentration-time data for ticarcillin (TICAR) and clavulanic acid (CLA) following intravenous and intramuscular administration of Timentin (TICAR, 50 mg/kg with CLA, 1.7 mg/kg) indicated that absorption of CLA following intramuscular injection and its overall elimination from the body was faster than that of TICAR. This is supported by comparison of certain pharmacokinetic parameters for TICAR and CLA. These include the shorter value of Tmax for CLA (11.45 +/- 1.60 min) than that for TICAR (29.93 +/- 1.94 min) and significant variation in the elimination rate constants (0.183 +/- 0.0018 min -1 for CLA vs. 0.0097 +/- 0.0006 min -1 for TICAR) for the intravenous group of animals. The biological half-life of CLA (approximately 39 min) was significantly shorter (P less than 0.01) than that of TICAR (approximately 73 min). In spite of initial faster absorption, the intramuscular bioavailability of CLA (65.02%) was less than that of TICAR (91.37%). Though the pharmacokinetic behaviour of TICAR and CLA is not similar, yet based on the therapeutically optimal concentrations of CLA and TICAR reached in serum, Timentin at the dose used in the present study should be effective in treating most TICAR-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in dogs. Timentin is not likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by TICAR-resistant pseudomonads, at the dose used in the present study. PMID- 3501811 TI - [T-lymphocyte colony formation by peripheral lymphocytes of patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 3501812 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura--with special reference to a von Willebrand factor abnormality]. PMID- 3501813 TI - [Basic and clinical studies of brain perfusion scintigraphy using 99mTc-d,l hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime]. PMID- 3501814 TI - [The quantitative assessment of thallium-201 myocardial imaging in experimental infarct dogs with the ligation of left coronary artery]. PMID- 3501815 TI - [Coronary artery bypass reoperation using gastroepiploic artery]. PMID- 3501816 TI - [Clinical and functional results of aortocoronary shunting in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Survival rates were evaluated in 3 groups of patients: those with an isolated lesion of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (group 1), multiple coronary arterial lesions (group 2) and a more than 50% narrowing of the left coronary-arterial trunk (group 3) following autovenous aortocoronary shunting of 1 to 5 coronary arteries. Drug-treated patients with similar coronary arterial lesions and clinical manifestations were taken as controls. Long-term survival rates of surgical patients were significantly higher, as compared to those of medication-treated patients in groups 2 and 3. There was no significant difference in survival rates of first-group patients. Long-term survival was dependent on the scope of revascularization and pretreatment myocardial contractility. PMID- 3501818 TI - Religiosity and personal violence: a regional analysis of suicide and homicide rates. PMID- 3501817 TI - Effect of anthelminthic treatment on the immune response of mice. AB - Immunologic function was tested both in vivo and in vitro in mice undergoing prophylactic anthelminthic therapy with three agents to assess whether these drugs affected immune responses. This study was performed because investigators often are concerned about the effect of drug treatment on the induction of specific immune responses. While helminthic infestation is recognized as deleterious to the host, it is unclear whether anthelminthic treatment might be immunosuppressive. The effects of piperazine or trichlorphon administered to drinking water or fenbendazole administered in feed were insignificant in BALB/c mice. The induction of allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro, influenza specific memory T cells in vivo, influenza specific antibody secretion in vivo, or influenza-specific helper T cells and CTLs in vitro were examined. Results of this study indicate that anthelminthic treatments did not interfere with immune responses. PMID- 3501819 TI - Ocimum sanctum: an experimental study evaluating its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity in animals. AB - A methanol extract and an aqueous suspension of Ocimum sanctum inhibited acute as well as chronic inflammation in rats as tested by carrageenan-induced pedal edema and croton oil-induced granuloma and exudate, respectively. In both test procedures, the anti-inflammatory response of 500 mg/kg of methanol extract and aqueous suspension was comparable to the response observed with 300 mg/kg of sodium salicylate. Both the extract and suspension showed analgesic activity in the mouse hotplate procedure and the methanol extract caused an increase in the tail-withdrawal reaction time of a subanalgesic dose of morphine. Both preparations reduced typhoid-paratyphoid A/B vaccine-induced pyrexia. The antipyretic action of the methanol extract and aqueous suspension was weaker and of shorter duration than that of 300 mg/kg sodium salicylate. Oral premedication with the methanol extract and the aqueous suspension delayed castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. PMID- 3501820 TI - [Corynocarpus similis Hemsley, dietary and toxic plant of Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides)]. PMID- 3501821 TI - Transmission and genetic shift of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vivo. AB - HIVYU-6 and HIVYU-7 were isolated from an acquired immune deficiency syndrome patient (MK) and his asymptomatic sexual partner (MM), respectively. YU-6 readily infected not only peripheral lymphocytes from normal individuals but also human T cell lines such as H9, HUT-78, MOLT-4 and MT-4; YU-7, on the other hand, could not infect H9 and MT-4 cells. Furthermore, although autologous serum failed to neutralize YU-6, it was neutralized by the heterologous serum from the partner. Restriction endonuclease analysis of YU-6 demonstrated that it was a mixture of viruses. We have isolated two clones from YU-6 (YU-6-a and YU-6-b) by a plaque assay method and showed that YU-6-a had one more KpnI site than YU-6-b. It was also evident that YU-7 derived from YU-6-a, but had already shifted genetically from YU-6-a. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through heterosexual contact and a possible genetic shift of YU-6-a, b and YU-7 from a common progenitor virus in vivo is discussed. PMID- 3501822 TI - 2-Mercaptoethanol acts as a potentiating factor of interleukin-2-dependent lymphocyte proliferation. AB - An interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent cell line which could be grown continuously with crude concanavalin A-stimulated rat or mouse spleen cell culture supernatant could not survive for over 48 hr in the culture medium supplemented with partially purified or recombinant IL-2. The cell growth was restored by adding another factor obtained from the same crude culture supernatant. This potentiating activity which was physicochemically inseparable from serum albumin was also obtained from the culture medium containing 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and incubated at 37 C for 24 hr without the spleen cells. By further experiments, it was demonstrated that 2-ME itself had the potentiating activity on the IL-2 dependent proliferation of this cell line and cysteine mediated the activity of 2 ME. The cells could not enter S-phase in the absence of 2-ME even in the presence of IL-2. PMID- 3501823 TI - A comparative study of alteration in lymphocyte subsets among varicella, hand foot-and-mouth disease, scarlet fever, measles, and Kawasaki disease. AB - Changes in the lymphocyte subsets of 13 patients with varicella, 5 with hand-foot and-mouth disease, 4 with scarlet fever, 10 with measles and 20 with Kawasaki disease were examined by immunofluorescent flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte cell surface antigens. The results were compared with those of age-matched normal controls. A significant increase in the percentage of Leu-2a positive (Leu-2a+) cells was shown during the early convalescence of varicella, scarlet fever and measles. A significant decrease in the percentage of Leu-3a+ cells during the acute phase was common to all the diseases examined, and a significant decrease of Leu-4+ cells was observed except in measles. As a result, a significant decrease in the Leu-3a+/Leu-2a+ ratio was common to all the diseases examined during the acute and/or early convalescent phases. Leu-M3+ cells increased significantly in varicella, scarlet fever, and Kawasaki disease. HLA-DR+ cells increased significantly in varicella and Kawasaki disease. No significant changes in the proportions of Leu-7+, Leu-10+, and 2H7+ cells were found throughout the course of all the diseases examined. PMID- 3501824 TI - Two lck transcripts containing different 5' untranslated regions are present in T cells. AB - p56lck is a new member of the src family of cellular tyrosine protein kinases. It is expressed constitutively at a low level in normal T cells and at an elevated level in the LSTRA and Thy19 Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced thymoma cell lines. It is possible that the expression of p56lck at an elevated level contributes to the transformation of these thymoma cells. The structure of the mRNAs encoding p56lck was examined by using an RNase protection assay. Both a chimeric lck mRNA containing the 5' untranslated region of Moloney virus mRNA and a normal lck mRNA were found in Thy19 and LSTRA cells. The chimeric lck transcript was 4- to 10-fold more abundant than the normal transcript. Transcription arising from a viral promoter is therefore responsible for the elevated levels of lck mRNA in these two cell lines. Surprisingly, uninfected murine T cells were also found to contain lck transcripts with differing 5' untranslated regions. One species of mRNA was colinear with the region of the chromosome just upstream of the initiation codon for p56lck. The other appeared to arise through splicing of an unidentified 5' untranslated exon to a sometimes cryptic splice acceptor just upstream of the region encoding p56lck. These data suggest that lck is expressed through the use of at least two different promoters. The promoters could be subject to different forms of regulation. PMID- 3501826 TI - A mutant epidermal growth factor receptor with defective protein tyrosine kinase is unable to stimulate proto-oncogene expression and DNA synthesis. AB - Cultured NIH-3T3 cells devoid of endogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors were transfected with cDNA expression constructs encoding either normal human EGF receptor or a receptor mutated in vitro at Lys-721, a residue that is thought to function as part of the ATP-binding site of the kinase domain. Unlike the wild-type EGF-receptor expressed in these cells, which exhibited EGF dependent protein tyrosine kinase activity, the mutant receptor lacked protein tyrosine kinase activity and was unable to undergo autophosphorylation and to phosphorylate exogenous substrates. Despite this deficiency, the mutant receptor was normally expressed on the cell surface, and it exhibited both high- and low affinity binding sites. The addition of EGF to cells expressing wild-type receptors caused the stimulation of various responses, including enhanced expression of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc, morphological changes, and stimulation of DNA synthesis. However, in cells expressing mutant receptors, EGF was unable to stimulate these responses, suggesting that the tyrosine kinase activity is essential for EGF receptor signal transduction. PMID- 3501827 TI - Structural characterization of syngeneic and allogeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies in the anti-arsonate system. PMID- 3501825 TI - Binding of multiple nuclear factors to the 5' upstream regulatory element of the murine major histocompatibility class I gene. AB - Transcription of mouse major histocompatibility complex class I genes is controlled by the conserved class I regulatory element (CRE) in the 5' flanking region. The CRE, approximately 40 base pairs long, acts as a negative control element in undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells which do not express the major histocompatibility complex genes. The same element, however, acts as a positive control element in cells expressing the genes at high levels. To investigate the molecular basis of the regulatory role of the CRE, we studied the binding of nuclear proteins to the CRE of the H-2Ld gene by gel mobility shift and methylation interference experiments. Nuclear extracts from L fibroblasts and LH8 T lymphocytes revealed three distinct factors that bind discrete sequences within the CRE. The three sequences correspond to the inverted and direct repeats within the CRE. In contrast, F9 extracts exhibited factor binding to only two of the three sequences and lack a major factor detected in the above two cell types. Protein-binding sites within each of the three sequences were identified by methylation interference experiments. These data were in full agreement with results obtained by a competition assay performed with a series of mutant oligonucleotides containing a few nucleotide substitutions in each of the three regions. The results illustrate complex DNA-protein interactions in which several independent proteins bind to overlapping sequences in the CRE in a cell type specific fashion. PMID- 3501828 TI - Shared structural features of an internal image bearing monoclonal anti-idiotype and the external antigen. PMID- 3501829 TI - Idiotypic analysis of the influenza virus-specific human B cell repertoire. PMID- 3501831 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes in the study of the pathogenesis of type B hepatitis. PMID- 3501830 TI - Effects of immunization with syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody on antibody responses to influenza viruses. PMID- 3501832 TI - Significance of anti-idiotype antibodies in cancer patients. PMID- 3501833 TI - Involvement of innate and induced anti-idiotypic mechanisms in suppression of B cell tumors. PMID- 3501834 TI - Experimental regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion in plasmacytoma and hybridoma cells. PMID- 3501835 TI - Induction and analysis of tumor immunity using anti-idiotypic antibodies. PMID- 3501836 TI - Humoral immunity to rat sarcomata induced by syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. PMID- 3501837 TI - Idiotypes and human lymphoid neoplasias: concluding remarks. PMID- 3501838 TI - Studies on the role of somatic mutation in the generation anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 3501839 TI - Idiotypic analysis and suppression of autoantibodies to DNA in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice. PMID- 3501840 TI - Anti-progesterone antibodies: specificity, structure, idiotypes and anti idiotypic manipulation. PMID- 3501841 TI - The use of tetrodotoxin for the characterization of drug-enhanced dopamine release in conscious rats studied by brain dialysis. AB - The effect of TTX (infused during brain dialysis of the striatum and nucleus accumbens) on the in vivo release of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, was investigated. In addition it was studied whether the increase in the release of dopamine, induced by various pharmacological treatments, was sensitive to TTX infusion. The following drugs were studied: haloperidol, amphetamine, haloperidol co-administered with GBR 12909, morphine and MPP+. Dialysis was carried out in the striatum, except for morphine, which was studied in the nucleus accumbens. The infusion of TTX revealed three different types of pharmacologically enhanced dopamine release in conscious rats. First, action potential dependent dopamine release (exocytosis), which was observed in untreated animals as well as in animals treated with haloperidol, haloperidol + GBR 12909, and morphine. Second, action potential independent release (carrier-mediated) was established in the case of amphetamine. Third, action potential independent DA release, probably caused by neurotoxic reactions was observed during MPP+ infusion. PMID- 3501842 TI - Evidence for two conformational states of 5-hydroxytryptamine carrier in rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - The effects of SABA ((3-beta-(4-azidobenzamidino)ethyl)-5-hydroxyindole), and fluoxetine, on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) by cerebral cortical synaptosomes of the rat were studied under normal (147 mM) and small (29 mM) concentrations of sodium. In the dark, both compounds competitively inhibited the uptake of 5-HT. However, in the presence of a small concentration of sodium (29 mM), the Ki(nM) for SABA decreased from 128 +/- 7 (n = 3) to 93 +/- 7 (n = 3) (P less than 0.05), whereas the Ki for fluoxetine increased from 30 +/- 2 (n = 3) to 59 +/- 6 (n = 3) (P less than 0.05). The maximum irreversible photoinactivation of the uptake of 5-HT by 1 microM SABA was increased by about 20% when the concentration of sodium ions [( Na+]) was decreased. This is consistent with the Ki data indicating an increase in the affinity of SABA for the uptake site for 5-HT when [Na+] was decreased. The results suggest that there may be two conformational states of the carrier for 5-HT which can be interconverted by changing the concentration of Na+. The affinity of SABA and fluoxetine for these two conformational states is different. PMID- 3501843 TI - Eugenol: antipyretic activity in rabbits. AB - The analgesic agent eugenol reduced fever when given intravenously in small doses to rabbits made febrile by interleukin 1. To test this observation further, the drug was given intragastrically and its antipyretic effect was compared with that of a molar equivalent dose of acetaminophen. Eugenol was more effective in reducing fever than acetaminophen. Tests with intracerebroventricular injections indicated that eugenol could act centrally to reduce fever in doses much smaller than those which were effective peripherally. Other tests with the presumed fever mediators sodium archidonate and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), suggest that the central action of eugenol is similar to that of acetaminophen. Eugenol, a derivative of clove oil, has marked antipyretic activity when given intravenously, intragastrically and centrally and may reduce fever primarily through a central action that is similar to that of common antipyretic drugs such as acetaminophen. PMID- 3501844 TI - Involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the blood pressure changes evoked by electrical stimulation of the median raphe nucleus. AB - Electrical stimulation of the median raphe nucleus (MRN) in urethane anaesthetised rats decreased systemic blood pressure at low intensities of stimulation (5-25 microA) and increased it with higher intensities (20-150 microA). Prazosin (0-5-5.0 micrograms/Kg i.v.) dose-dependently attenuated pressor responses concurrently with a reduction in the responsiveness of peripheral alpha-adrenoceptors to phenylephrine (500ng i.v.). Methiothepin (5-10 micrograms/Kg i.v.) abolished depressor responses and reduced the pressor effects without altering the response to phenylephrine. Ketanserin (5-10 micrograms/Kg i.v.) abolished depressor changes and potentiated pressor responses. High doses (20-200 micrograms/Kg) produced a decrease in pressor responses but correspondingly lowered BP and reduced the response to phenylephrine. The results suggest the presence of 5-HT-containing links between the MRN and the peripheral cardiovascular effector systems. PMID- 3501845 TI - Transient nigral ubiquinone depletion after single MPTP administration in mice. AB - The administration of a single injection of 30 mg/kg MPTP to mice produces at 1 hr, a transient significant decrease of the reduced ubiquinol Q10 in the substantia nigra that is normalized afterwards. This suggests a transient stress imposed by MPTP (or more likely MPP+) in the mitochondrial respiratory and/or oxidoreducing system, located in close proximity to the NADH system. PMID- 3501846 TI - New substituted 1-phenyl-3-benzazepine analogues of SK&F 38393 and N-methyl thienopyridine analogues of dihydroxynomifensine with selective affinity for the D-1 dopamine receptor in human post-mortem brain. AB - 3H-SCH 23390 and 3H-spiperone were used to label D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors, respectively, in human post-mortem brain. SK&F 82958 and SK&F 77434, new substituted 1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepines, showed selective affinity for the D-1 receptor. While S- and R- enantiomers of dihydroxynomifensine showed only weak stereoselective affinity for the D-1 receptor, the thieno [2,3-c]-and thieno [3,2 c]- analogues SK&F 89145 and SK&F 89641 showed selective D-1 affinity comparable to that of the benzazepines. These novel agents provide new information on structure-affinity relationships and D-1 receptor topography, and constitute new tools for functional studies. PMID- 3501847 TI - Locus coeruleus neurons projecting to the forebrain and the spinal cord in the cat. AB - The intranuclear organization of the cat locus coeruleus neurons was investigated anatomo-physiologically. The locus coeruleus neurons project to the forebrain through the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and to the spinal cord. Horseradish peroxidase, a retrograde tracer, was pressure-injected into either the dorsal noradrenergic bundle or the ventrolateral funiculus of the high cervical cord (C1 C2). The cats (n = 12) were killed after a 2- or 3-day survival period. The frontal sections (100 micron) throughout the locus coeruleus were observed by light microscope after carrying out the diaminobenzidine reaction. The labeled locus coeruleus neurons were located predominantly in the rostral locus coeruleus proper and locus coeruleus alpha when horseradish peroxidase was injected into the dorsal noradrenergic bundle, whereas they were predominantly located in the caudal locus coeruleus alpha and subcoeruleus when horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spinal cord. In the electrophysiological experiments, cats (n = 30) were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and two stimulating electrodes were placed stereotaxically in the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and the ipsilateral ventrolateral funiculus of the high cervical cord (C1-C2), respectively. Monophasic square-wave pulses (2.5 Hz, 100 microsecond duration, 800 microA) were delivered. A recording glass electrode, filled with 2 M NaCl saturated with Fast Green, was placed in the locus coeruleus. Neurons with different conduction velocities, which were evoked by the antidromic stimulation of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and spinal cord, were verified in the locus coeruleus and the adjacent areas. The slow conductive neurons with a conduction velocity of less than 1 m/s had a slow firing rate (1.6 +/- 0.9/s). They were located predominantly in the rostral locus coeruleus proper and locus coeruleus alpha by the dorsal noradrenergic bundle stimulation. From the anatomical and electrophysiological experimental results, it was concluded that the conduction velocities of the horseradish peroxidase-labeled neurons observed in locus coeruleus proper and locus coeruleus alpha were mostly slow and less than 1 m/s. Most of the slow conductive neurons were considered to be noradrenergic. Neurons evoked antidromically by both the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and spinal cord stimulation were not observed. PMID- 3501848 TI - Co-localization of tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide in capsaicin sensitive afferents in relation to motility effects on the human ureter in vitro. AB - Tachykinin- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivities were localized by immunohistochemistry in the same nerves of the kidney, renal pelvis and ureter as well as in spinal ganglion cells of both the guinea-pig and man. The tachykinin and CGRP-immunoreactive nerves in the ureter were present within the smooth muscle layers, around blood vessels, close to and within the lining epithelium. The levels of neurokinin A-, substance P- and CGRP-like immunoreactivity per tissue weight, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were about 30-100-fold higher in the guinea-pig than in the human ureter, which was in good agreement with the relative density of immunoreactive nerve fibres, as seen by immunohistochemistry. Capsaicin treatment caused an almost total disappearance of both neurokinin A-, substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the guinea-pig ureter and a 90% depletion of neurokinin A, substance P- and CGRP-like immunoreactivity, further supporting a sensory origin of these nerves. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of water extracts of the human ureter revealed the presence of neurokinin A- and eledoisin-like material using antiserum K12, which does not cross-react with substance P. Most of the CGRP-like immunoreactivity in human ureter extracts co-eluted with synthetic human CGRP. Capsaicin both caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of the human ureter in vitro and initiated contractions in some preparations. Neurokinin A and neuropeptide K potently initiated phasic contractions of the ureter, while substance P had only minor contractile effects. CGRP inhibited both spontaneous and neurokinin A-induced ureteric contractions. In conclusion, peptides with potent opposite motility effects are present in the same, presumably sensory nerves of the ureter in both the guinea-pig and man. It will be of importance to determine whether local release of neuropeptides can account for ureteric motility changes accompanying sensory nerve activation upon ureteral obstruction, by e.g. renal calculi. PMID- 3501850 TI - Description of the sub-miniature endplate potential distribution, determination of subunit size and number of subunits in the adult frog neuromuscular bell miniature endplate potential. AB - Miniature endplate potentials were recorded from the isolated pectoralis cutaneous muscle of the frog during very stable recording conditions and low noise levels. Two to 5 x 10(3) miniature endplate potentials were filmed at eight unstressed junctions that met rigorous experimental criteria for analysis. Seven junctions generated enough sub-miniature endplate potentials (1-3%) to produce a bell-shaped amplitude distribution. The sub-miniature endplate potential means were usually 9-10 times smaller than the modal bell-miniature endplate potential values. The standard deviation of the sub-miniature endplate potential class was calculated by subtracting the noise and measurement error from the measured sub miniature endplate potential distribution. The coefficients of variation of the sub-miniature endplate potential distribution were 9-16%. Half of the bell miniature endplate potential amplitude distributions showed 4-6 integral peaks in the central part of the distributions and the positions of these peaks were maintained with increasing sample size. The remaining distributions were not smooth and suggested integral peaks. The intervals between the peaks were about the same size as the sub-miniature endplate potential mode. These data provide further evidence for the subunit hypothesis of the quantum of transmitter release and describe the amplitude distribution of the sub-miniature endplate potential class of the adult preparation. PMID- 3501849 TI - Effect of hypertonic saline on quantal size and synaptic vesicles in identified neuromuscular junction of the frog. AB - Miniature endplate potential amplitude distributions, miniature endplate potential frequencies and the percentage of sub-miniature endplate potentials were studied during treatment with hypertonic saline (with sucrose) during the initial high frequencies of release and after fatigue. Small muscle fibers were selected which had normal miniature endplate potential frequencies of 0.1/s to 1/s so that the miniature endplate potential amplitude distributions could be determined at the height of the hypertonic effect (first 5-15 min) at which time the miniature endplate potential frequency increased two-hundredfold. During the first few minutes of the effect, there was little change in miniature endplate potential amplitude or in the profiles of their amplitude histograms. Subsequently, after the occurrence of as few as 10(4) miniature endplate potentials, the size of the mean bell-miniature endplate potentials decreased. Later (25 min) the amplitude profiles became uniform, and finally (45 min) the percentage of sub-miniature endplate potentials and smaller miniature endplate potentials increased until many miniature endplate potentials (30-70%) were of the sub-miniature endplate potential class and the overall distributions were skewed. The mean sub-miniature endplate potential amplitude did not appear to change. After the initial high frequency of release, many miniature endplate potentials showed a definite break on the rising phase and the amplitude of the break was usually that of the sub-miniature endplate potential. The rapid decrease in miniature endplate potential size, change in miniature endplate potential amplitude profile and breaks on the miniature endplate potential rising phase can be explained with the subunit hypothesis. The edge fibers of the sartorius muscle were used so that physiologically studied edge junctions that were producing various miniature endplate potential histograms could be identified for electron microscopy. Synaptic vesicle diameters and the coefficient of variation of vesicle diameters were not changed either during high miniature endplate potential frequencies or in those junctions that generated mainly sub-miniature endplate potentials. Thus, the quantal class (i.e. sub miniature endplate potential or bell-miniature endplate potential) cannot be determined from the vesicle diameter. PMID- 3501851 TI - [Diprivan in neuro-anesthesia]. PMID- 3501852 TI - [Propofol and methohexitone: comparative effects on cerebral perfusion pressure]. PMID- 3501853 TI - [Effects of propofol (diprivan) on intracranial pressure. Preliminary controlled study versus thiopentone]. PMID- 3501854 TI - Inherited syndrome with corneal snowflake dystrophy, oculocutaneous pigmentary disturbances, pseudoexfoliation and malabsorption. Statistical data of some symptoms. AB - Corneal endothelial snowflake dystrophy was diagnosed in a child of 12 years as part of an inherited syndrome associated with various oculocutaneous pigmentation disturbances and malabsorption. Altogether 1,173 people were analyzed, 229 with the dystrophy and 944 controls. Snowflake dystrophy was associated with two kinds of intraocular pigment changes: the prevalence rate of green irides was 21.7% and the prevalence rate of large star-shaped chromatophore-like cells attached to the anterior lens capsule, 23.9%. These associations were statistically significant. The youngest people with green irides or pigmented cells were 14 and 15 years, respectively. After 50 years, the prevalence rates of these pigment changes decreased, and this was statistically significant. Snowflake dystrophy was also associated with malabsorption: the prevalence rate of milk intolerance was 37.6%, lactose malabsorption (hypolactasia) 39.0%, and vitamin A or fat malabsorption 23.3%. The associations between snowflake dystrophy, milk intolerance and hypolactasia were statistically significant. PMID- 3501855 TI - Proto-oncogene expression in cloned T lymphocytes: mitogens and growth factors induce different patterns of expression. AB - We have compared the effects of a mitogenic lectin, concanavalin A (Con A), and a growth factor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), on the expression of the c-myc, c-fos, and c myb proto-oncogenes in cloned T lymphocytes. Accumulation of c-myc mRNA was induced by both ConA and IL-2 in these cells. In contrast, expression of c-fos was stimulated primarily by ConA, and accumulation of c-myb mRNA was induced predominantly by IL-2. Thus, ConA and IL-2 induce expression of overlapping, but non-identical, sets of proto-oncogenes in T lymphocytes. Investigations with several different cloned T cells revealed that: (1) c-myb is not induced in all T cells stimulated to grow, indicating that its expression may not be absolutely required for their proliferation; and (2) expression of c-myc, even in combination with c-fos, can be insufficient for growth, demonstrating functional differences between cellular and viral oncogenes in T cells. These observations provide insight into the roles of the c-myc, c-fos, and c-myb proto-oncogenes in normal T cell responses. PMID- 3501856 TI - The examiner variable in the research literature on student drug use. PMID- 3501857 TI - Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with ciprofloxacin. AB - Thirty four patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with 500 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily, orally, for ten days. Short time cure rate was 97% (cure 71%, improvement 26%) and failure 3%, long time cure rate (six months follow-up) was 74%. Predominant initial pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, mostly in pure cultures. All sputum cultures except those with Streptococcus pneumoniae became negative on the third day of treatment. Apart from a slower clearance of pneumococci from sputum there were no significant differences in responses between pneumococcal and Haemophilus infections during and after therapy. Mild adverse gastrointestinal effects were noticed in five patients. PMID- 3501858 TI - Internalization by receptor-mediated endocytosis of T6 (CD1 "NA1/34") surface antigen in T6 positive human cord blood cells (Langerhans cell precursors?). AB - A subset of T6 positive cells was recently separated from normal human cord blood mononuclear cells. It was shown to coexpress HLA-DR and myeloid differentiation antigens (Mo1, MY4). The phenotype and ultrastructure of the cells suggested that these T6 positive cells might be the precursors of the Langerhans cells of the skin. We have previously demonstrated by immunogold labeling techniques that the T6 surface antigen of human Langerhans cells of the skin is internalized in unfixed Langerhans cells or indeterminate cells by a process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. This process involved the formation of coated pits, coated vesicles, endosomes and lysosomes. Following this process, in Langerhans cells, gold labeled Birbeck granules appeared in the cell center often in continuity with endosomes. In the present study, we used an indirect immunogold labeling technique to reveal the T6 antigen present on the surface of living T6 positive cord blood mononuclear cells. We observed the internalization of the T6 surface antigen by a process of receptor-mediated endocytosis similar to that described in Langerhans cells of the skin. This process, however, was not followed by the appearance of intracytoplasmic Birbeck granules. PMID- 3501859 TI - [Immunoscintigraphy using 111In-DTPA-labeled monoclonal antibodies: comparison with ECT and planar scintigraphy]. AB - The present study was done in order to examine if the use of 111In-DTPA-labeled MAb fragments in place of 131I-labeled MAb fragments increases the sensitivity of tomographic immunoscintigraphy to reach the level of that of planar imaging techniques. In 11 patients with various primary tumors, local recurrences or metastases [colorectal carcinoma (n = 7), ovarian carcinoma (n = 2), papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1), undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung (n = 1)], immunoscintigraphy (IS) was carried out using 111In-DTPA-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of various MAbs (anti-CEA, OC 125, anti-hTG) and planar and tomographic imaging were compared intra-individually. By conventional diagnostic procedures, the presence of a tumor mass was confirmed (transmission computer tomography, ultrasound) or verified (131I whole-body scintigraphy, histology) in all cases. Immunoscintigraphy was positive in 9 out of 11 cases by ECT and in 10 out of 11 cases by planar imaging. When using 111In-labeled MAb fragments, intra-individual comparison of ECT and planar imaging resulted in a similar sensitivity. The increased sensitivity of ECT using this tracer in contrast to 131I-labeled MAb fragments may be attributed to the fact that the physical properties of 111In are much more suitable for the gamma cameras most commonly used (single detector, 3/8'' crystal); using 111In-labeled MAb fragments, count rates sufficient for ECT can be obtained within a reasonable acquisition time. This allows to combine IS with the advantages of ECT regarding tumour localization and prevention of artefacts due to superposition of background. PMID- 3501861 TI - A rapid method for isolation of double stranded RNA. AB - A rapid and simple method for the isolation and purification of dsRNA is presented. The crucial step of this method is the extraction of proteins and DNA with acid phenol. After the extraction, only RNA is left in the aqueous phase. ssRNA contamination of the RNA preparation can be greatly reduced when ammonium sulfate is present during the extraction. PMID- 3501862 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 3501860 TI - [Clinical effects of spinal cord stimulation in syndromes of central motor neuron damage]. PMID- 3501863 TI - [Histiocytosis X complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 3501864 TI - Freeze-fracture studies on Pneumocystis carinii. III. Fine structure of the precyst and the cyst. AB - The ultrastructure of the precyst and cyst of Pneumocystis carinii was investigated by the freeze-fracture method. The most interesting point in this study is the alteration in the number of intramembranous particles (IMPs) of the plasma membrane during the formation of intracystic bodies. The IMP density of delimiting membrane originating from the precyst plasma membrane, which later becomes the plasma membrane of the intracystic body, was low. In contrast, that of the plasma membrane of the intracystic body was as high as that of a typical trophozoite. These results suggest that the protein content of the plasma membrane increases rapidly when the delimiting membranes fuse and intracystic bodies are organized. The plasma membrane of the ruptured cyst, on the other hand, showed lower density and heterogeneous distribution of IMPs. Since all other stages of P. carinii showed homogeneous distribution of IMPs, the denaturation of the plasma membrane after excystation of intracystic bodies is indicated. PMID- 3501865 TI - Demonstration of epidermal growth factor binding sites in the adult rat pancreas by light microscopic autoradiography. AB - The distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors was studied in the pancreas using light microscopic autoradiography, which was performed at different time intervals (2-60 min) after injecting 125I-labeled EGF intravenously into the adult rat. In the exocrine pancreas, a labeling was found to occur over the pyramidal cells of the acini and cells lining the intercalated ducts. Moreover, substantial binding of EGF to cells of the islets of Langerhans was also revealed. At the 2-min time interval, most silver grains were found at the periphery of the target cells. The localization, as well as the diminution of silver grains over the cytoplasm of these cells, between 7 and 60 min, suggested the internalization and degradation of 125I-labeled EGF. Control experiments indicated that the autoradiography reaction was due to specific interaction of 125I-labeled EGF with its receptor. These results clearly indicate that EGF receptors are present in the acinar cells and the cells of intercalated ducts of the exocrine pancreas, as well as the cells of the endocrine pancreas. Finding that there are EGF binding sites in pancreatic acinar cells supports the physiological role of EGF in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine function. The presence of EGF receptors in cells of the islets of Langerhans suggests that EGF may play a role in the regulation of the endocrine pancreas. PMID- 3501866 TI - Hemodynamic effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in conscious rats. AB - The cardiovascular effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were examined in conscious, unrestrained rats. Changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac output were continuously monitored before and after i.v. bolus injection of CGRP (0.1-5 micrograms/kg). Injection of the peptide caused dose-dependent reductions in mean arterial pressure (-24 +/- 4 mmHg), which were accompanied by marked tachycardia. Cardiac output was significantly increased after CGRP but little change was observed in stroke volume. CGRP also reduced total peripheral resistance (-46 +/- 6%). These data indicate that the hypotensive actions of CGRP are mediated through peripheral vasodilation rather than through reductions in cardiac output. Pretreatment with propranolol significantly reduced the tachycardia responses to CGRP from 81 +/- 11 beats/min to 36 +/- 4 beats/min, but did not abolish the increase in heart rate. These data suggest that CGRP produces a tachycardia through reflex increases in cardiac sympathetic tone and through possible direct positive chronotropic effects on the heart. PMID- 3501867 TI - Chronic ethanol exposure potentiates the locomotor-activating effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in rats. AB - The effects of chronic exposure (21 days) to ethanol vapors on locomotor response to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was investigated in male Wistar rats. Responses to CRF were tested during chronic exposure, 1 1/2 hours following removal of ethanol vapors, and two weeks after withdrawal of ethanol. A greater sensitivity to the locomotor activating effects of CRF was found in ethanol-treated rats as compared to their controls during ethanol exposure (P less than 0.001) and 90 min following removal of ethanol vapors (P less than 0.001) but not two weeks following withdrawal. These results support clinical findings of a reversible activation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in alcoholism. In addition, it appears that chronic exposure to ethanol can also modify central neuronal systems specifically responsive to the locomotor activating effects of CRF. PMID- 3501868 TI - [Studies on the RAST method using tray added disc]. AB - The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) provides a reliable method for detecting of specific IgE antibodies against a wide variety of antigens. The method using tube added disc for the estimation have been widely used in routine assay. In this study, the method using tray added disc has developed in our laboratory. The results were as follows; (1) The method using tray showed good correlation to the original method. (2) Characteristics of the method are rapidity, simplicity and economics. (3) The reaction well of tray is flat bottomed and is good for disc reaction. (4) Coefficients of variation for intra assay were; (d1): 9.40-9.68%, inter assay were 10.39-12.15% respectively. (5) The seasonal variation of positive allergens and the correlation of d to h, g1 to g3 were estimated. The method using tray seems to be one of the most useful routine methods of RAST assay and checking the seasonal variation of RAST will give good advantages to estimate the regional pollution of pollens allergy. PMID- 3501869 TI - [Neurologic involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 3501870 TI - Serum alpha-1-protease inhibitor activity and pulmonary function in young insulin dependent diabetic subjects. AB - Abnormalities of lung function have previously been described in patients with impaired alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) function and more recently in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that impaired alpha 1-PI activity may be implicated in the pathogenesis of lung function abnormalities in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Twelve young (16.23 +/- 4.51 years), non-smoking insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and 12 reference subjects were evaluated in respect of lung mechanics, absolute serum alpha 1-PI levels and the functional ability of alpha 1 PI to inhibit elastase. Results of the ventilatory mechanics showed that the mean value for the volume-independent index of lung elasticity Kst(L) was significantly greater in the diabetic group (0.149 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.116 +/- 0.03; p less than 0.05). The absolute serum alpha 1-PI levels in the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects was significantly lower than in reference subjects (1.74 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.06 +/- 0.09 g/l; p less than 0.05). While the specific alpha 1-PI activity of the diabetic sera showed no significant difference from that of the reference sera, the total alpha 1-PI inhibitory activity in the diabetic sera was significantly lower than reference values (201.9 +/- 9.7 vs. 246.9 +/- 13.5 U/L; p less than 0.02). Although these findings indicate impairment of both ventilatory mechanics and alpha 1-PI activity in the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, the pathogenesis of these findings and their functional implications are at present unknown. PMID- 3501872 TI - [Isolation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid from Haemophilus influenzae by lysis with merthiolate]. PMID- 3501871 TI - [Evaluation of the mechanisms of exercise induced ST elevation in old anterior myocardial infarction by cardiac blood pool scan]. PMID- 3501873 TI - Beta-lactamase diversity in Shigella spp. PMID- 3501874 TI - [Immunosuppression T-lymphocytes in swine, modulated by Cysticercus cellulosae]. PMID- 3501875 TI - [Action of metronidazole on the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis cultured in vitro]. PMID- 3501877 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined T lymphocyte subpopulations in monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance. AB - We used monoclonal antibodies of the OK series to study T lymphocyte subpopulations in 55 patients with monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and in 40 healthy control subjects, with the aim to investigate if alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations occur also in MGUS. Mean OKT3+ and OKT8+ cell counts were higher (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) and the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratio was lower (p less than 0.02) in MGUS patients than in the control subjects. MGUS with the IgM-type monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgM-MGUS) showed the most evident derangement of T lymphocyte subpopulations, i.e., a significant increase of OKT8+ cells and a significant reduction of the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were significantly increased in patients with high paraprotein concentration (above 16 g/l). Our data suggest that alterations of T lymphocytes are present in MGUS, and that they are similar to those observed in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 3501876 TI - Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 alpha stimulate the N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase activity of human synovial cells. AB - The properties of synovial cells are altered in vitro by monocyte-macrophage polypeptides (monokines), and these changes could explain some of the properties of the inflamed synovium in rheumatoid disease. Purified monokines have become available only recently for testing on the target synovial cells. We report here that purified human interleukin (IL)-1 beta and recombinant human IL-1 alpha stimulate the extracellular activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase (NAG), of human synovial fibroblast-like cells. In contrast, another monokine, synovial activator, does not increase the NAG activity. Thus NAG is another cellular activity which can be modulated by interleukin-1. PMID- 3501878 TI - [Processing of the brain stem auditory evoked potential signals]. PMID- 3501880 TI - [Test of significant frequencies in periodgrams]. PMID- 3501879 TI - [Parametric method of spectrum analysis]. PMID- 3501881 TI - [EEG evaluation using pattern recognition]. PMID- 3501882 TI - Some quantitative aspects of electroencephalographic alpha activity. PMID- 3501884 TI - [Use of microcomputers in neurology departments]. PMID- 3501883 TI - [Computer analysis of EEG alpha activity]. PMID- 3501885 TI - [The SHED analyser based on the TNS microcomputer for recording and processing electrical activity in the brain]. PMID- 3501886 TI - [Basic programming support for EEG studies at the Institute of Physiologic Regulation at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences]. PMID- 3501887 TI - [The concept and structure of the BEAM programming system for EEG computer processing]. PMID- 3501888 TI - [Problems in the typology of quantified electroencephalograms]. PMID- 3501890 TI - [Sequelae of acute purulent meningitis from the viewpoint of the otorhinolaryngologist]. PMID- 3501889 TI - [Prevention of tetracycline changes in permanent teeth using sodium fluoride]. PMID- 3501891 TI - [Treatment of amblyopia using the CAM visual stimulator in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 3501892 TI - [Adhesion and spreading of cells cultured in vitro after the administration of atropine]. PMID- 3501893 TI - [Changes in the EEG power spectrum under conditions of opened eyes and closed eyes]. PMID- 3501894 TI - [Intra-articular substitution of the anterior cruciate ligament by flap transfer of the iliotibial tract using the Insall technic]. PMID- 3501895 TI - [Metabolism of indolylacrylic acid. I. Hypaforin]. PMID- 3501896 TI - [Congenital laryngeal anomalies seen at the ORL and Pediatric Clinic in Hradci Kralove 1974-1983]. PMID- 3501897 TI - [Conditions associated with the risk of pneumothorax from the viewpoint of the otorhinolaryngologist]. PMID- 3501899 TI - [LCP1 and LCP--interactive programs for the collection and analysis of data obtained from liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3501898 TI - [Evaluation of visual acuity]. PMID- 3501900 TI - [Retrolental fibroplasia]. PMID- 3501901 TI - Urinary pathogens and bacterial sensitivity in hospitalized urological patients based upon clinical aspects. AB - For a total of 396 hospitalized urological patients with complicated and/or hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) urinary pathogens with colony counts of 10(5)/ml or more were determined, several species were then subclassified by epidemiological markers. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured using the agar dilution method for seven penicillins and for four penicillin combinations, for six oral and 14 parenteral cefalosporins, for three older and five newer quinolones, for two aminoglycosides, for two monobactams, for trimethoprim alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole, for fosfomycin and for imipenem. Sensitivity and resistance of the strains were defined using breakpoints according to DIN 58.940 or analogous concentrations. The bacterial spectrum and the rate of resistant strains were correlated to clinical aspects pertaining to sexual status, age and underlying abnormalities within the urinary tract. There was a statistical difference in the frequency of E. coli and enterococci between patients with (complicated UTI) and without (uncomplicated UTI) abnormalities. Within the group of complicated UTI Proteus spp. were found significantly more often in patients with urolithiasis, Klebsiella spp. and staphylococci in patients with prostatic tumours (benign and malignant), enterococci in patients with prostatic and other tumours and E. coli in patients with abnormalities other than urolithiasis or tumours. Almost all antibiotics tested could be used in patients with uncomplicated UTI for empiric or calculated therapy if a rate of resistance of up to 10% is acceptable. In patients with urolithiasis only the newer acylaminopenicillins, the newer (fluoro )quinolones, trimethoprim in combination with sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin and imipenem fulfill this criterion. In order to treat complicated UTI with underlying tumours within the urinary tract empirically only piperacillin, apalcillin, imipenem and some of the newer quinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) could be recommended. The same was true for patients with indwelling catheters still present or recently removed. PMID- 3501902 TI - Failure of combined acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole to prevent occlusion of aortocoronary venous bypass graft. AB - Patients scheduled to receive at least three aortocoronary venous bypass grafts were randomized to active medication or to placebo. The former were given dipyridamole (DP) preoperatively and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was added after the operation. For the next 3 months they received DP 75 mg and ASA 325 mg thrice daily. The placebo regimen was identical and the study was conducted with double blind technique. One patient in each group died. DP-ASA was discontinued in six patients because of gastrointestinal side effects (bleeding peptic ulcer in 2 cases). Angiography after 3 months revealed the patency rate of individual grafts to be 68% in the DP-ASA group and 77% in the placebo group. DP-ASA therefore did not prevent occlusion of aortocoronary venous bypass grafts. PMID- 3501903 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-(ELISA) using whole Trichomonas vaginalis as antigen was developed for measurement of serum antibody to T. vaginalis. Sera from six women who denied ever having had genital contact were used as the negative control. Of 38 women with proved T. vaginalis infection, 25 (66%) had elevated ELISA values. Values were usually very stable over weeks to months of follow-up. Among a matched comparison group of 38 women attending the same clinic who did not have T. vaginalis infection (as detected by wet mounts), an elevated value was present in only eight (21%) of 38 (P less than 0.001). Thus, in this group of women, the sensitivity was 66%, the specificity, 79%, the predictive value of a positive test, 76%, and the predictive value of a negative test, 70%. Our ELISA clearly demonstrates more reactivity in women with T. vaginalis. Its usefulness as a marker of current infection is probably limited, but it could be of considerable value for seroepidemiologic studies. PMID- 3501904 TI - [Genetic problems of kidney cysts]. PMID- 3501905 TI - Rheumatoid lung cavitation and response to penicillamine. PMID- 3501906 TI - Simple rosette assay for HLA-B27 typing of whole blood samples. AB - Two human IgM monoclonal antibodies (TrBH12 and Tr3B6) specific for HLA-B27 were coupled to magnetic monodisperse polymer beads by spontaneous adsorption. A few minutes after mixing the beads with 50 microliter of whole blood, rosettes had formed specifically with leucocytes from HLA-B27 positive individuals. In this simple way, reliable typing for HLA-B27 could be conducted rapidly (in about 20 min) by evaluation of rosettes with an inverted microscope and ordinary light. The method requires purified monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3501907 TI - New Dw8 associated class II specificities defined by cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. AB - Two Leu2(-), Leu3(+), Leu4(+) human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, BE-11 and AF-3, were generated against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell line GI (Dw8/DRw8/DQWa homozygous). Blocking experiments with various monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) revealed that the former recognized the DR molecule and the latter recognized the DQ molecule, respectively. Panel studies showed that CTL clone BE-11 lysed not only DRw8-positive cells but also DR1-positive ones. CTL clone AF-3 exhibited cytotoxicity against only Dw8/DRw8/DQWa typed cells. Until now, such specificities have not been defined serologically or biochemically. These results demonstrated that the previously unknown DR and DQ specificities could be defined by CTL clones, suggesting that CTL clones might be especially valuable tools for investigating the structural polymorphism of HLA antigens. PMID- 3501908 TI - Association of chronic active hepatitis and HLA B35 in patients with hepatitis B virus. AB - Fifty-one patients with chronic active hepatitis were typed for their HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. We observed a significant increase in the antigen frequency of HLA B35 in patients compared with controls. PMID- 3501909 TI - Nuclear changes and morphology of the epidermis in the hibernating frog. AB - Cytochemical changes of chromatin and DNA in frog epidermal cells were correlated with some morphological features to investigate the skin physiology during hibernation in comparison with the active period. The epidermal cells of hibernating frogs showed less condensed chromatin in all the layers; a greater loss of DNA was found during the transition from the middle to the superficial layer. In the germinative layer, a lesser frequency of hyperdiploid cells and a remarkably low amount of mitoses were detected; this is accompanied by the increase of epidermal thickness and the presence of two layers of cornified cells. The slowing of tissue differentiation and cell renewal kinetics during hibernation can be related to lowered activity of the frog skin. Further, the smaller intercellular spaces as well as the scarcity of puffed ER and vacuoles may be indicative of a lower ion transport in epidermal cells during hibernation. PMID- 3501910 TI - [Preservation of the functional activity of the masticatory muscles in bimaxillary fixation of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 3501911 TI - [Cytophotometric analysis of the cell population composition of the the preoptic area of the hypothalamus in the common frog]. AB - DNA contents in squashed cells of the adult frog hypothalamic preoptic region (HPR) were measured using the Feulgen and UV cytophotometry techniques. The histone-DNA ratio in the cell nucleus was determined by means of a combined Feulgen-heparin-Alcian blue staining procedure. The nuclei of the vast majority of HPR cells have a diploid DNA content. However, in cells of this group the mean values of DNA amount and the distribution range were always higher than those in hepatocytes used as a diploid standard. Such a heterogeneity in DNA content in the diploid part of HPR cell population could apparently suggest some differences in the nuclear chromatin arrangement to be always higher in spring before the frog spawning, and it seems to be characteristic of this type of cells. About 1 per cent of cells with hyperdiploid surplus of DNA (H2c cells) as well as of tetraploid cells (4c and 2c X 2 cells) is found in HPR in frogs sacrificed both in winter and in summer. The quota of these cells has no reference either to the frog's age or to the annual cycle. The fact that the mean DNA values in H2c and 4c cells are much higher than in the standard cannot be explained by the presence of different amounts of nuclear proteins only. It is suggested that at least some part of the highest DNA values may be due to an actual extra DNA synthesis in a small constantly existing pool of HPR cell population. PMID- 3501912 TI - [Mechanisms of the development of nystagmus in sinusoidal rotation]. PMID- 3501913 TI - [Dependence of pancreatic amylase secretion on the amylolytic activity of the duodenal contents]. AB - Pancreatic amylase secretion stimulated by intraduodenal administration of acidified (up to pH 2.0) hydrolysine was evaluated in acute experiments on dogs. Bicarbonates, protein, amylase, lipase, and proteinase were assayed in the juice. Renal excretion of amylase and amylolytic activity of blood plasma were determined during the experiment. Intraduodenal administration of pancreatic amylase decreased amylase secretion by the pancreas and did not influence the secretion of bicarbonates and other enzymes. Administration into the duodenum of amylase with its inhibitor eliminated the effect of selective inhibition of pancreatic amylase secretion. Amylolytic activity of the blood was unchanged, while the renal amylase excretion increased. PMID- 3501914 TI - [HLA B27-negative forms of Bechterew's disease]. AB - For an 8 year period 45 patients with Bechterew's disease were found who had no antigen HLA-B27. 35 of the patients were tested for HLA--A, -B or -C. In 12 patients antigens of the cross-reacting group B27 (B7, Bw22 and B40) were found. In patients without psoriasis antigens B13, B16, B17 which are known to be related to psoriasis vulgaris were found. 9 patients were antigen Cw2 carriers which is in unbalanced linkage with B27. The B27 negative forms present several clinical features: late onset of the disease, slow and favourable course, development of spinal forms only, lack of iridocyclitis and heart lesions. PMID- 3501915 TI - [Mortality in childhood]. PMID- 3501916 TI - [Treatment morbidity in the neurology/psychiatry specialties in the Berlin district, capital of East Germany]. PMID- 3501917 TI - [Sex, age and territorial peculiarities of the health complaint constellation and neurotic tendencies of teachers]. PMID- 3501918 TI - [Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in Saarland]. PMID- 3501919 TI - [Epidemiology and pathologic-anatomic findings in carcinomas of the pancreas, liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in Thurgau/Switzerland Canton 1973 1985]. PMID- 3501921 TI - [Immunologic and immunogenetic studies in Kaposi's sarcoma]. PMID- 3501920 TI - [Epidemiology of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 3501922 TI - [Functional differentiation of the tail muscle fibers in Rana temporaria tadpoles]. AB - Studies have been made on changes in the electrical properties of muscle membrane and lipid content of two types of myotomal fibers in the tail of tadpoles during metamorphosis. It was shown that during premetamorphosis, peripheral and inner muscle fibers do not differ with respect to their effective resistance, time constant of the membrane and lipid content; the resting membrane potential is higher in the inner fibers. During further development of the tadpoles, differentiation of muscle fibers takes place, and to the beginning of the climax the inner fibers attain lower values of the effective resistance and time constant, as well as lower content of lipids in their sarcoplasm; the difference in the level of resting membrane potential between the peripheral and inner fibers increases. The data obtained suggest that the inner fibers may be referred to as fast ones, whereas the peripheral ones--as slow. These data also reveal specific features in neurotrophic regulation of functional properties of muscle fibers in tadpoles. PMID- 3501923 TI - [Characteristics of the phase-dependent vagus effects in the heart of the frog Rana temporaria and of the cod Gadus morhua]. AB - In experiments on the heart of the cod Gadus morhua and frog Rana temporaria in situ, studies have been made of changes in the heart rate induced by stimulation of the vagal nerve by single brief bursts delivered at various intervals after P wave of the ECG. Certain differences were found in changes of the heart rate between these animals. In the cod, maximum chronotropic effect was equal to 65% of the duration of initial cardiac cycle, the latency of this effect being equal to 290 ms; in the frog, corresponding figures were 12-13% and approximately 940 ms. The duration of negative chronotropic effect in the heart of the cod was equal to 700 ms, that of the frog--to 2.700 ms. Functional role of these differences is discussed in relation to the problem of the development of parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate in phylogenesis of vertebrates. PMID- 3501925 TI - [Ulcerative-hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. PMID- 3501924 TI - A longitudinal study of insulin antibodies and anti-insulin cytotoxicity in type I diabetes mellitus. AB - Insulin antibodies and T-cell lymphocyte cytotoxic reactivity against insulin and its related peptides were studied longitudinally in 3 groups of patients with type I diabetes mellitus (DM). Group 1 patients were those in whom the diagnosis was made within 1 week of the initiation diagnosis. They were subdivided into those receiving MC porcine (A) or MC bovine (B) insulin. Group 2 patients were those with a duration of DM for 2-6 years who were receiving either MC porcine (A) or MC bovine (B) insulins. Group 3 subjects were those who had been on conventional recrystallized insulin and then switched to MC porcine (A) or MC bovine (B) insulins for 2 weeks before the start of the study. The incidence of cytotoxic reactions and insulin antibodies were approximately 40-50% for group 1 (either 1A or 1B) at the initiation of the study. At 3-month follow up all patients in group 1B developed insulin antibodies (p less than 0.02) and a significant increase in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions (p less than 0.01). By contrast there was a decline in the frequency of cytotoxic reactions in group 1A (p less than 0.01 at 1 year) and the increase in insulin antibodies was non significant. Group 2B had higher frequency in cytotoxic reactions (p less than 0.005) and of insulin antibodies (p less than 0.05) than group 2A. A significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in cytotoxic reactions was observed at 3 months following the switch of patients from conventional bovine insulin preparations to 'A' but not to 'B'. However in both subgroups insulin antibodies persisted for at least 12 months. Cross-reactivity between antibodies to human, porcine and bovine insulins was evident in all groups. The early cellular and humoral immune phenomena were positively correlated in both group 1A and 1B suggesting their common involvement in the pathogenesis of DM. PMID- 3501926 TI - Aetiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 3501927 TI - Expression of Ha-ras oncogene product in rat gastrointestinal carcinomas induced by chemical carcinogens. AB - The expression of Ha-ras oncogene product in rat gastrointestinal carcinomas induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was studied by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using anti-Ha-ras p 21 oncoprotein antibody. In Western blotting, high levels of c-Ha-ras p 21 were found in serially transplantable rat duodenal carcinomas induced by MNNG and rat colon carcinomas induced by DMH. Immunohistochemically, c-Ha-ras p 21 immunoreactivity was detected in 3 (16.7%) of 17 MNNG-induced stomach carcinomas and in 21 (63.6%) of 33 DMH-induced colon carcinomas, respectively. In the colon carcinomas, c-Ha-ras p 21 immunoreactivity in deeply invasive tumors was stronger than that in superficially invasive tumors and was expressed in all subserosal tumors. Moreover, all of the metastatic colon carcinomas had c-Ha-ras p 21 immunoreactive tumor cells. These findings suggest that c-Ha-ras p 21 expression plays an important role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis of DMH induced colon carcinoma. PMID- 3501929 TI - [Immune reactivity in an experimental staphylococcal infection in rats fed ammonium nitrate]. PMID- 3501928 TI - [Growth of a mixed population of yeasts on a complex nutrient medium containing whey]. PMID- 3501930 TI - [Production of a low-molecular weight peptide from whey. I. Isolation and composition]. PMID- 3501931 TI - [Production of a low-molecular weight peptide from whey. II. Some biological properties of the peptide]. PMID- 3501932 TI - [The ERG rapid off-response in different grades of abnormality in congenital red green color deficiency]. PMID- 3501933 TI - A combination of acute metabolic alkalosis superimposed on chronic respiratory alkalosis. PMID- 3501934 TI - [Secondary immunologic deficiency and its correction in patients with post abortion endometritis]. PMID- 3501935 TI - Intracellular pH as measured by 19F NMR. AB - 19F NMR pH measurements with the fluorinated pH indicators we have described are rapid and sensitive, work with readily available commercial instruments, and extend the applicability of nondestructive NMR measurements to systems for which 31P NMR measurements are presently impractical. The family of 19F pH indicators is useful for independent confirmation of pHi values obtained by 31P NMR, distribution of radioactive weak acids, or other methods. The necessity for using exogenous indicators, which at first appears as a liability, can be turned to advantage also. Our future goal is to direct our measurements unambiguously to compartments (in cells or in tissues) of particular interest, by matching the indicator precursor molecule to the hydrolytic enzyme activities inherent in the target cell or compartment, so that the pH indicator is generated in situ. PMID- 3501936 TI - Fluorodeoxyglucose brain metabolism studied by NMR and PET. PMID- 3501937 TI - Insights into the mechanism of platelet retention in glass bead columns. PMID- 3501938 TI - Role of platelet membrane glycoproteins and von Willebrand factor in adhesion of platelets to subendothelium and collagen. AB - Development of in vitro perfusion systems and quantitative methods to evaluate various aspects of platelet-surface interactions have helped to elucidate some complex interactions in platelet adhesion and platelet-platelet cohesion. The importance of platelet GPs in these interactions was soon evident, and rapid progress in biochemistry and immunology has made it possible to study the roles of these GPs in more detail. From our studies, which made use of platelets with GP deficiencies, MAbs, purified vWF, proteolytic fragments of vWF, a synthetic peptide, and in vitro perfusion systems, it appeared that GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa function as receptors for vWF, which binds platelets to connective tissue at sites of vascular lesions (FIGURE 8). More detailed information about these interactions is expected in the near future when bioengineered products are available for testing in flow models and in other experimental approaches. PMID- 3501939 TI - [Penicillin-selective electrode based on a cellulose membrane with immobilized enzyme]. AB - Modified cellulose films are recommended to be used as carriers in preparing enzymatic membranes for penicillin-selective electrodes. The results of laboratory testing of the enzymatic penicillin-selective electrode based on the cellulose membrane with immobilized penicillinase are presented. In principle it was shown possible to use the enzymatic electrode in determining penicillin concentration in solutions. Dependence of the electrode reading on the buffer capacity was revealed. Optimal characteristics of the enzymatic membranes and the life-expectancy of the enzymatic electrode were determined. PMID- 3501940 TI - In vitro activities of aztreonam, imipenem, and amoxycillin-clavulanate against ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Two hundred and fifty-seven ampicillin-resistant clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were tested by disk diffusion and MIC determination for susceptibility to aztreonam, imipenem, and amoxycillin combined with clavulanate. The modal MICs and MICs for 50 and 90% of isolates of all three antimicrobial agents for the 157 beta-lactamase-positive strains did not differ significantly from figures obtained with 2,201 ampicillin-susceptible H. influenzae by the same methods. Aztreonam and amoxycillin-clavulanate were less active, as reflected by an increase in these parameters, against 38 beta-lactamase-negative isolates requiring greater than or equal to 4 micrograms of ampicillin per ml for inhibition and 62 strains considered to have an intermediate degree of nonenzymic (intrinsic) resistance to ampicillin (zone diameters of less than 20 mm with 2 micrograms ampicillin disks and MICs of 1 or 2 micrograms/ml). There was no detectable difference in imipenem activity against these 100 strains compared with that observed against the ampicillin-susceptible group. Of the 24 strains requiring at least 4 micrograms of imipenem per ml for inhibition, 13 also showed reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (5 beta-lactamase-positive and 8 beta lactamase-negative isolates). A lack of correlation between reduced susceptibility to imipenem and the other beta-lactams was observed. PMID- 3501941 TI - Dideoxynucleosides are less inhibitory in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) than against HIV-1. AB - The antiviral activities of various dideoxynucleosides against LAV strains of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) were evaluated. Significantly more 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine was required to inhibit the replication of HIV-2 than HIV-1 in three human cell lines. HIV-2 also appeared more resistant than HIV-1 to other dideoxynucleosides. These results suggest that dideoxynucleosides may be less effective in vivo for HIV-2 infection and that a broader range of clinical isolates of human retroviruses should be examined for drug susceptibility in vitro. PMID- 3501942 TI - Bactericidal activity against Haemophilus influenzae of cerebrospinal fluid of patients given amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. AB - Patients with purulent meningitis received amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (200/20 mg/kg [body weight] per day). Clavulanic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid were less than or equal to 0.05 micrograms/ml in 5 of 18 samples and ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 micrograms/ml in the others. Of 12 cerebrospinal fluid samples tested, 10 lacked bactericidal activity in vitro against a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 3501944 TI - Crossreactivity of anti Lyt-2.2 monoclonal antibody with some Lyt-2.2-negative mouse strains. AB - We observed that thymocytes from some Ly-2a (i.e., Lyt-2.2-) mouse strains crossreacted with high concentrations of anti Lyt-2.2 monoclonal antibody HO.2.2, whereas other Ly-2a strains were clearly negative. Inbred strains from two breeding colonies (Wroclaw and Bombay) exhibited the same pattern of reactivity with HO.2.2. The nature of crossreacting antigen is discussed. PMID- 3501943 TI - Pontine reticular origin of cholinergic excitatory afferents to the locus coeruleus controlling the gain of vestibulospinal and cervicospinal reflexes in decerebrate cats. AB - 1. Previous experiments had shown that the medullary inhibitory reticulospinal (mRS) neurons act 180 degrees out-of-phase with respect to the excitatory vestibulospinal (VS) neurons during the vestibular and the neck reflexes involving the limb extensor motoneurons. This finding suggested that the higher the firing rate of the medullary inhibitory RS neurons in the animal at rest, the greater the disinhibition which affects the limb extensor motoneurons during side down roll tilt of the animal or side-up neck rotation, thus leading to an increased gain of response of limb extensors to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors. The gain of these postural reflexes would then represent a sensitive test to evaluate the background discharge of the inhibitory reticulospinal system of the medulla. 2. The discharge of the inhibitory mRS neurons is under the tonic excitatory control of cholinergic pontine reticular formation (pRF) neurons which are also self-excitatory, while these cholinergic pontine neurons are in turn inhibited by the norepinephrine (NE)-containing locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, which are also self-inhibitory due to mechanisms of recurrent and/or lateral inhibition. The present experiments were performed to find out whether cholinergic and cholinoceptive pontine reticular neurons, which are under the inhibitory control of the LC neurons, also send axons to the LC on which they may exert an excitatory influence. This excitatory effect would then counteract the self-inhibitory influence mediated by the NE, which acts on the alpha 2-adrenoceptors distributed on the somatodendritic membrane of the LC neurons. 3. In precollicular decerebrate cats, local injection into the dorsal aspect of the pontine tegmentum of 0.25 microliter of a solution of the muscarinic blocker atropine sulphate at the concentration of 6 micrograms/microliter of sterile saline did neither modify the postural activity in the ipsilateral limbs nor the response gain of the ipsilateral forelimb extensor triceps brachii to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth receptors (roll tilt of the animal at 0.15 Hz, +/- 10 degrees). These negative results were attributed to the fact that in these preparations the activity of the cholinergic and cholinoceptive pRF neurons and the related inhibitory mRS neurons is very low, due to the tonic discharge of the NE-containing LC neurons, which exert a prominent inhibitory influence on the underlying reticular structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3501945 TI - Phenanthrylalkanoic acids. I: Syntheses and biological activities of 1 phenanthryl derivatives. PMID- 3501946 TI - [Arachnoid cyst of the 3d ventricle: report of 2 cases]. AB - In 1985 and 1986 the Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Berlin treated two cases of arachnoid cysts of third ventricle, both of which were successfully dealt with surgically. They are reported in this paper. Arachnoid cysts from ventricular system and cisterns are rare. Up to now 46 cases have been reported in the specialized literature. The computerized tomography and magnetic resonance make diagnosis easier, as shown through the cases reported. PMID- 3501947 TI - Exercise treatment for paroxysmal positional vertigo: comparison of two types of exercises. AB - The use of exercises can be an excellent method for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). We compared the results obtained by a progressive training method, vestibular habituation training (VHT), with a brisk exercise method. While VHT can be applied in all kinds of "provoked" (positional) vertigo of peripheral origin, the brisk method can be used only in typical BPPV, provided the vertigo is unilaterally provoked. A series of patients with such typical "unilateral" cases were treated by the brisk method and were compared with a second series of identical cases treated by the VHT technique. The results after 1 week seemed to be different: with the brisk method 52% of the patients were free of vertigo, while only 32% with VHT were vertigo free. This difference is not statistically significant. However, those cases treated by VHT and still having vertigo after 1 week had a striking reduction in the severity of their vertigo, as estimated by the score-system used. In contrast, the scores were unchanged for those cases not responding to the brisk method. Continuation of treatment of these latter cases using VHT exercises showed that the final result after 6 weeks was equal for both groups. PMID- 3501948 TI - [Effects of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells on cell cultures and on transplanted tumors (nude mouse) of human pancreatic carcinomas]. PMID- 3501949 TI - Anti T11 monoclonal antibodies activate human natural killer (NK) cells via the T11/E rosette receptor. PMID- 3501950 TI - [Measurement and immunocytological demonstration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with the aid of a monoclonal antibody (BO-7)]. PMID- 3501952 TI - [Effect of calcium chelators on cytotoxicity]. PMID- 3501951 TI - [Lymphokine secretion by human peripheral T-lymphocytes after in vitro stimulation. An analysis of interleukin-2 forms by immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3501953 TI - [Antibodies with B-lymphocyte specificity in pregnancy sera: the genetic and immunological characteristics]. PMID- 3501954 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases with IL-2-activated lymphocytes. AB - Lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK cells) or interleukin 2 (IL-2)-activated killer cells were induced by recombinant IL-2 (TGP-3) for clinical adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases. After incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with IL-2 and normal human plasma for 1-2 weeks LAK cells were obtained that showed a maximum cytotoxicity against target cells, and did not need a toxic dose of IL-2 to enhance or maintain their cytotoxicity. Both autologous and allogeneic LAK cells were used in five clinical cases without any immune side effects, and were effective in three cases. PMID- 3501955 TI - Relative binding affinity at metribolone androgenic binding sites of various antiandrogenic agents. AB - Sebaceous glands are androgen sensitive structures with activity reduced by antiandrogens. We characterized the relative binding affinity of cyproterone acetate, 17 alpha-propyl-mesterolone, spironolactone (canrenoic acid), ethisterone and dexamethasone by means of the competitive binding analysis at metribolone (R1881) androgen binding sites. Using the DCC-assay (dextran-coated charcoal absorption) with the Scatchard plot and saturation analysis we quantified R1881 androgen binding sites from sebaceous glands situated in the ventral side of the pinna of the Syrian hamster. As parameters for ligand affinity at these binding sites served the ligand concentration for 50% displacement of 3H-labelled synthetic steroid R1881 in constant concentrations. The in vitro measurements of the used steroids were compared to the biologic sebosuppressive effect in vivo. 17 alpha-Propylmesterolone showed the highest affinity at the androgenic binding site followed by ethisterone, cyproterone acetate and spironolactone. The results, however, do not admit an interpretation about the mode of action of the given substances, which display their biologic activity either after systemic or topic administration. In vivo distribution problems and metabolizing procedures might be due to this discrepancy. PMID- 3501956 TI - Subsets of specific T cells and experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3501957 TI - Analysing the immune response to L. donovani infection. PMID- 3501958 TI - Analysis of the heterogeneity of T-cell responses in human leishmaniasis. PMID- 3501959 TI - Identification of T-cell-reactive antigens that protect BALB/c mice against Leishmania major. PMID- 3501960 TI - Immunity to leishmaniasis: what properties delineate a protective antigen? PMID- 3501961 TI - [Regional epidemiologic surveys of alcohol-related crime over the past 10 years]. PMID- 3501962 TI - The prevalence of binge drinking and heavy drinking among drunken drivers arrested due to involvement in road traffic accidents. PMID- 3501963 TI - [Epidemiologic data in driving under the influence by repeat offenders]. PMID- 3501964 TI - [Intoxicated drivers 21 to 25 years of age: data on their characteristics]. PMID- 3501965 TI - [Glycosphingolipids from human T-lymphoma MOLT-4 cells]. AB - The glycosphingolipids of human lymphoma MOLT-4 cells were studied, using biochemical methods and specific antisera to gangliosides. The major neutral glycosphingolipids were found to be glucosyl- and lactosyl ceramides. GM3, GM2, GM1 and GD1a were identified as ganglioside components. PMID- 3501966 TI - Hemoperfusion and immunocorrection in acute stage of severely burned patients. AB - The goal of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of hemoperfusion and immunocorrection therapy in acute period of burn disease in severely injured patients. Hemoperfusion was performed in severely burned patients 1-3 times in the period from the 2nd to 10th day. The hemoperfusion procedures in severely burned patients were combined with immunocorrecting therapy. To prevent the development of septic complications in the early periods after the injury the patients were treated with passive immunotherapy supplemented with immunocorrecting substances. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (26 persons) included patients treated with hemoperfusion followed by immunocorrection. The second group (11 persons) consisted of patients treated according to routine schemes. The studies carried out show that hemoperfusion with subsequent immunocorrection produced normalizing effect on indices of cellular and humoral immunity in severely burned patients. The efficacy of detoxication is attained both owing to blood depuration and due to detoxifying influence of directional effect immunoglobulins. PMID- 3501967 TI - [Contribution of electron microscopy in the study of endophthalmitis]. PMID- 3501968 TI - Lymphoma with clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in a 25-year survivor of Hodgkin's disease. AB - A woman was treated for Hodgkin's disease, remained disease-free for 25 years, and then developed waxing and waning adenopathy during the next 2 years. The histologic examination of a lymph node biopsy specimen showed a T-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient's indolent clinical course prompted a second biopsy to obtain tissue for T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies. A southern blot analysis using a human T-cell receptor beta chain probe showed a new band of rearranged DNA, which confirmed the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 3501969 TI - Monoclonal antibody drug conjugates for site-directed cancer chemotherapy: preclinical pharmacology and toxicology studies. PMID- 3501970 TI - Biodistribution of methotrexate-monoclonal antibody conjugates and complexes: experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 3501971 TI - Membrane markers and mitogenic responses of cytotoxic cells in anuran amphibians. PMID- 3501972 TI - A comparison of sleep in rheumatic and non-rheumatic patients. AB - The St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was used to investigate sleep in 439 hospitalized rheumatic and non-rheumatic patients. This questionnaire enabled an evaluation of both the level of sleep disturbance and the causes of such disturbance. The findings from this study indicated that there was little difference in the level of sleep disturbance between rheumatic and non-rheumatic patients. The sleep problem most frequently cited by rheumatic patients was pain. Noise appeared to be the worst environmental sleep problem in these patients. The only significant difference in the sleep problems reported by rheumatic and non rheumatic patients, was that pain was cited more frequently in the rheumatic group. In order to determine whether sleep varied according to type of rheumatic disease, the rheumatic patients were divided into four diagnostic groups (rheumatoid arthritis; seronegative spondarthritis; osteoarthritis; other conditions). There were no significant differences between these groups in sleep disturbance or reported sleep problems. PMID- 3501973 TI - [Transcortical sensory aphasia with middle temporal infarction]. PMID- 3501974 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica meningitis and osteomyelitis: a case report. AB - We present a case of a 45-yr-old black male who developed both meningitis and osteomyelitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica. This particular case was remarkable because the patient made a full recovery without long-term sequelae after therapy with IV chloramphenicol followed by oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 3501975 TI - Effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the antimicrobial activity of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime against aerobic and anaerobic beta lactamase producing bacteria. AB - Clavulanic acid (2.0 micrograms/ml) lowered the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftizoxime and cefotaxime against 49 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group by a mean of 4.0 and 3.4 log2 concentrations, respectively. Sulbactam plus ceftizoxime gave almost identical results. Sulbactam lowered cefoperazone MICs by a mean of 2 log2 concentrations. Against 52 aerobic and facultative isolates producing a variety of beta-lactamase types, the use of beta lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam) was most effective in reducing the MICs of cefoperazone. PMID- 3501976 TI - Comparative antimicrobial activity of aminothiazolyl methoxyimino cephalosporins against anaerobic bacteria, including 100 cefoxitin-resistant isolates. AB - Three aminothiazolyl methoxyimino cephalosporins (ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime with and without its metabolite) were tested against 500 strains of anaerobic bacteria using the NCCLS reference agar dilution procedure. Eighty seven percent of all strains tested were from the Bacteroides fragilis group. When tested against a collection of 100 cefoxitin-resistant isolates, ceftizoxime and the cefotaxime/desacetyl-cefotaxime combination were the most active in vitro, inhibiting 32-38% of strains. Ceftriaxone inhibited the greatest number (87%) of cefoxitin-susceptible anaerobes at less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. A regional variation in the activity of these drugs was confirmed when an additional 300 isolates were examined from three medical centers. Cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and ceftriaxone were essentially equal in overall antimicrobial activity, although each drug was judged the best at one of the three locations. Cefoxitin resistance (MIC greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) was consistent among the institutions at a 25% incidence for all organisms tested, and 28% cefoxitin resistance among the B. fragilis group strains. Cefoxitin resistance was not determined to be associated with a beta lactamase mechanism, but ceftriaxone and other aminothiazolyl cephems were hydrolyzed, thus elevating their MICs. Regional variation in anaerobic organism susceptibility to cephamycins and cephalosporins in company with the variable beta-lactam resistance mechanisms seems to require periodic, epidemiologic monitoring of in vitro drug activity by appropriate methods to assure continued antimicrobial efficacy. PMID- 3501978 TI - Physiochemical factors influencing the stability of solubilized liver nuclear receptor-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine complex in vitro. AB - Nuclear acidic protein fraction containing saturable receptors for thyroid hormones was prepared from purified rat liver nuclei by extraction with 0.3 mol l 1 KCl. The inhibitory effect of an increasing ionic strength on the 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) binding to receptors at pH 8.0 for 2 h and tested up to 2.0 mol l-1 KCl was confirmed. The nuclear receptor-T3 complex was found resistant to the effect of a higher ionic strength up to 1 mol l-1 KCl when subsequently incubated at pH 8.0 for 1 h. In addition, a rapid dissociation of the receptor-T3 complex at alkaline pH in the order of 10.5 greater than 10.0 greater than 9.0 greater than 8.0 was re-examined. The effect of ATP ranging from 0.05 mmol l-1 to 1.0 mmol l-1 on the stability of the receptor-T3 complex at pH 8.0 was also studied. The experiments were conducted in the presence of 25 mmol l-1 Na2HPO4 in order to suppress the effect of the phosphate groups of ATP molecule by inorganic phosphate. The data confirmed that the concentration of ATP starting from 0.05 mmol l-1 may cause the dissociation of nuclear receptor-T3 complex in vitro. PMID- 3501977 TI - [The HLA system and multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 3501979 TI - Effect of denervation on glutathione and oxidized glutathione in rat adrenal cortex and medulla after repeated stress. AB - The effect of unilateral denervation of adrenal gland on the content of glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in adrenal cortex and medulla was studied in rats exposed to stress by forced immobilization. The assay of GSH and GSSG was performed according to the method of Tietze [1969]. It was found that the wet weight and the level of GSH, GSSG and GSH:GSSG ratio of denervated adrenal cortex and medulla failed to change significantly after repeated stress, while an increase of wet weight, GSH and GSH:GSSG ratio and a decrease of GSSG in both the cortex and medulla occurred in contralateral innervated adrenal gland. These results suggest that the neural regulation is required for the changes of glutathione metabolism in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats exposed to repeated stress. PMID- 3501980 TI - Exchange transfusion in premature newborns: effect of maturity on thyrotropin and thyroxine responses. AB - The effects of exchange transfusion on plasma T4 and TSH were studied in two groups of premature newborns to evaluate the effect of maturation on the reactivity of the pituitary-thyroid axis. In newborns with a birth weight between 1900-2500 g (gestational age 35.4 +/- 0.45 weeks) the responses of both hormones were essentially similar to those reported previously for mature newborns (a profound decrease during the procedure and an increase 24 h later). In a group of newborns with a birth weight below 1900 g (average 1673 +/- 55, gestational age 32.7 +/- 0.72 weeks), however, the secondary increase in plasma T4 at 24 h after the procedure was absent. At this time both T4 and TSH levels were significantly lower than in those in heavier newborns. It is concluded that the ability to respond to exchange transfusion by an increase in plasma thyroxine at 24 h after the procedure matures at the gestational age between 32 and 35 weeks. PMID- 3501981 TI - A penicillinase-producing Fusobacterium nucleatum strain isolated from blood culture. PMID- 3501982 TI - Artifacts in camera based single photon emission tomography due to time activity variation. AB - Image quality in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using a rotating gamma camera is dependent on the time course of the tracer in the field of view. If acquisition times are slow compared to the tracer turnover, artifacts may occur in the reconstructed images. The properties of such artifacts were studied by computer simulation. Experimental projection data of point sources, cylindrical phantoms, and an anatomically realistic brain phantom were altered by sequentially weighting the projections with a function that varied exponentially or linearly with time. The observed distortion in the reconstructed images could be related to the ratio between the object activity variation and the camera rotation time. If the tracer concentration changed less than a factor of two during one camera rotation then little image distortion was visible although quantitatively the resolution was degraded. If the object's activity variation with time is fast enough to produce noticeable distortion, the artifacts can be reduced by performing multiple, rapid, camera rotations, instead of one rotation, for the same total acquisition time. The proposed procedure is computer storage space intensive and takes longer to produce the transaxial images, but improves image quality. PMID- 3501983 TI - The effect of heart rate and contractility on the measurement of left ventricular mass by 201Tl SPECT. AB - Left ventricular myocardial mass can be measured by 201Tl SPECT, but the effects of changes in heart rate and contractility have not been determined. We constructed a dynamic computer model simulating the contracting left ventricle. Thirty two summed static views at each of 3 heart rates and 3 ejection fractions were manufactured to simulate a 180 degrees acquisition. Each image set underwent tomographic reconstruction. Left ventricular mass was measured at a fixed percent threshold in each slice. The results show that left ventricular mass varied little with heart rate (4%) and only slightly more (8%) with ejection fraction. Thus, in the normal clinical setting, left ventricular mass measurements by SPECT are minimally affected by the dynamic state of the heart. PMID- 3501984 TI - [Endogenous candida endophthalmitis]. PMID- 3501985 TI - Critical assessment of four monoclonal antibodies reactive with B-cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. AB - Four commercially available monoclonal antibodies, MB1, MB2, LN1 and LN2, were studied to determine their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of B cell lymphomas when used on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. In addition to 125 cases of immunologically characterized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a range of normal tissues, reactive lymphoid proliferations, Hodgkin's disease and granulocytic sarcomas were also studied. MB1 was found to give positive results in 53.6% of B-cell lymphomas, but the staining was sometimes weak and patchy; there was also cross-reaction with 1.8% of T-cell lymphomas. MB2 reacted with 88.4% of B-cell lymphomas and the reaction was often strong and diffuse, but it showed cross-reaction with 18.2% of T-cell lymphomas. LN1 and LN2 gave positive staining of 44.9 and 46.4% of B-cell lymphomas respectively, and the results appeared to be inferior to that obtained in B5-fixed tissues; staining was sometimes weak and focal, and they also gave false-positive results in a few cases of T-cell lymphoma. This study shows that MB1, LN1 and LN2 are fairly but not entirely specific for B-cells in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, but are not very sensitive when applied to formalin-fixed tissues. MB2 shows a high sensitivity but only moderate specificity. Therefore, when these antibodies are used to determine the immunophenotype of malignant lymphomas, the B-cell nature can be predicted with great confidence only when two, preferably three or more, of the antibodies give positive results. The potential applications of these antibodies are discussed. PMID- 3501986 TI - Analysis of H-2 haplotype of NFR/N mouse. PMID- 3501987 TI - Alcohol consumption, drinking pattern and blood pressure: analysis of data from the Italian National Research Council Study. AB - The present analyses addressed the relationship between alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and hypertension in 6699 Italian men and women participating in a national project on arteriosclerosis risk factors. The results of the analyses are consistent with an association between heavy alcohol consumption and systolic blood pressure in both males and females. Higher diastolic blood pressure was associated with heavy alcohol consumption in men but not in women. Drinkers of wine both with and without meals have a higher prevalence of hypertension than abstainers in both sexes. We conclude that heavy alcohol consumption is associated with higher blood pressure values, and that the pattern of drinking could be an important determinant in the association between alcohol and hypertension. PMID- 3501988 TI - Interrelationships between blood pressure, serum calcium and other biochemical variables. AB - The association of serum calcium with blood pressure (BP), was examined in a group of 727 male industrial workers aged 20-69 in Israel, who underwent screening for risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Serum calcium was found to be significantly correlated with systolic BP (r = 0.18, p less than 0.001) only among those under the age of 40. This association persisted after adjustment for age and serum albumin levels but was not statistically significant after further adjustment for serum cholesterol. These findings contribute to the evidence implicating calcium as a key factor in the control of blood pressure. However, the fact that adjustment for serum cholesterol levels eliminated the significance of the association between BP and serum calcium suggests that this association may not be direct. PMID- 3501989 TI - Prevalence rates for scoliosis in US adults: results from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AB - National prevalence estimates of scoliosis in adults, based on the reading of 6594 chest X-rays from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, are presented by age, sex and race. Among US adults aged 25-74 years in 1971-75, the prevalence rate of scoliosis was 8.3%. The prevalence of scoliosis increased across age groups among women (p less than 0.001), but not among men. Women had about twice the prevalence of scoliosis as men; 10.7% versus 5.6% (p less than 0.001). Because scoliosis prevalence rates differed by age and sex, prevalence rates and means for scoliosis status subgroups were adjusted for age and sex. Blacks had a higher rate, although not statistically significant (using alpha = 0.10), of scoliosis than whites: 9.7% versus 8.1%. Bone density of the radius was lower for scoliotics than for non-scoliotics: (287.0 versus 294.0 aluminum equivalency units, p less than 0.001), suggesting a possible association between scoliosis and osteoporosis. The percentage with delayed menarche was higher for scoliotics than non-scoliotics: 37.8 versus 30.8% (p = 0.01). Scoliotic women also had a lower mean age of menstruation termination than non scoliotic women: 43.4 years versus 44.8 years (p = 0.07). This is the first study to present national prevalence estimates for scoliosis among adults in the US. PMID- 3501990 TI - Thyroid disorders in the general population of Hisayama Japan, with special reference to prevalence and sex differences. AB - Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) to either microsome or thyroglobulin were measured in 1251 samples from the general population, 546 males and 705 females, aged 40 or over in Hisayama, a Japanese rural town. TAA was positive in 7.7% of men and 15.0% of women, and the male/female ratio was 1:2. This ratio was markedly different from those in hospital patients with thyroid disorders where ratios such as 1:8 for chronic thyroiditis and 1:4 for Graves' disease were found. Among the study subjects, definite hyperthyroidism was found in 0.2%, borderline hyperthyroidism in 0.7%, overt hypothyroidism in 0.3%, latent hypothyroidism in 4.2%, and non-thyroid illness in 2.4%. Overt thyroid dysfunction was more evident in women, while latent thyroid dysfunction or non thyroidal illness was equally prevalent in men and women. These results indicate that the incidence of immunologically or functionally latent thyroid disorders is rather higher than expected, in both women and men. Some unknown factor(s) might act as a trigger to manifest thyroid dysfunction, mainly in females. PMID- 3501991 TI - Fluoxetine, pharmacology and physiologic disposition. PMID- 3501992 TI - Fluoxetine-induced weight loss in overweight non-depressed humans. AB - This study shows fluoxetine to be a potent anorectic agent in non-depressed clinically overweight individuals. It is as effective an anorexic compound as a currently available appetite control agent, benzphetamine, and highly significantly more effective than the placebo treatment. A relative lack of serious side-effects and a low abuse potential make it an interesting drug in the slim armamentarium of agents that are used to treat the overweight. If the lack of tolerance to the effects of this drug seen in the long-term studies of depression is confirmed in long-term studies of obese patients, fluoxetine may have a major part to play in the treatment of the obese patient where weight loss is medically indicated. This would include the morbidly obese, the type II diabetic, and the hypertensive patient. Although ideally behavior modification should accompany the drug treatment for obesity, clinical practice indicates that in many cases, patients will not follow through with the behavioral treatment. A strictly medical prescription of an acceptable pharmacologic agent like fluoxetine on a chronic or long-term basis may provide a new possibility for the treatment of these individuals. PMID- 3501993 TI - Fluoxetine as a treatment for bulimia nervosa. AB - The results of a small study using fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa are presented. Ten subjects were treated on an open basis with fluoxetine 60-80 mg daily. Seven subjects stopped their bulimic behaviour completely, two improved and one was unchanged. The results indicate that fluoxetine may have a role in the treatment of bulimia and that further investigation is warranted. A brief review of other drug studies on bulimia nervosa is presented. PMID- 3501994 TI - Use of a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, in the treatment of obesity. AB - Health risks associated with obesity are well known and compliance with standard regimens for weight reduction is frequently unsatisfactory. Fluoxetine is a specific inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake with very minimal affinity for serotonergic or other receptors. It causes a decrement in food intake in animals. Placebo or fluoxetine was given for up to 8 weeks to non-depressed, otherwise healthy, obese patients given minimal dietary advice. Patients given fluoxetine lost 4.5 +/- 4.0 kg, significantly more than those receiving placebo, 1.4 +/- 0.1 kg. The weight loss was correlated with the degree of obesity in the fluoxetine treated patients. Asthenia was the only event reported significantly more frequently by fluoxetine-treated patients (23 percent) than by those treated with placebo (3 percent) (P less than 0.01). Fluoxetine appears to be safe and effective in inducing weight loss over periods of up to 8 weeks. PMID- 3501995 TI - Safety of fluoxetine in the treatment of obesity. AB - Observations related to the safety of fluoxetine in the treatment of obese patients are reviewed. The adverse event profile in obese patients, though differing slightly from that seen in depressed patients, was similar in that events observed were generally mild and well tolerated. Other than rash, no potentially serious adverse events believed to be related to fluoxetine were observed. Special evaluations of pharmacokinetics, psychomotor impairment, cardiac effects, phospholipidosis and addiction potential have identified no major problems in these areas. It is concluded that fluoxetine use for the treatment of obesity should carry with it minimal risk. PMID- 3501996 TI - Prevalence and recognition of depressive disorders in general medical inpatients. AB - The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 220 of 340 patients consecutively admitted to three general medical wards of a University Hospital, whose length of hospital stay was more than five days. At least mild symptoms of depression (BDI greater than or equal to 13) were reported by 70/220 (32%) of the patients. Alternate BDI depressive patients underwent psychiatric consultation. The psychiatric consultant established a DSM-III depressive disorder in 10/33 (30%) of these patients. Only 3/10 (30%) of the DSM-III depressive patients had been referred to the consultant psychiatrist by their physician. PMID- 3501997 TI - Nonsurgical management of uncomplicated intrahepatic hematomas following blunt abdominal trauma. AB - A 45-year-old man who sustained blunt abdominal trauma was found to have a huge intrahepatic hematoma. Although early abdominal exploration is usually recommended for suspected hepatic injury, this case was managed nonsurgically by careful observation, with gradual resolution of the hematoma as seen on serial liver scans. PMID- 3501998 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of various antigens in tissues embedded in plastic. AB - In the course of a chronic experimental study of polyarthritis in rats, we have established a plastic embedding technique which allows the processing not only of soft tissues but also of tissues such as cartilage, intraarticular ligaments, and even undecalcified whole rat joints and provides broad survival of enzymes and antigens. Preservation of morphological details and the precision of antigen localization are superior to those seen in cryostat and paraffin sections. The method seems to have much diagnostic and investigative value, especially in arthritis research. PMID- 3501999 TI - Treatment failures of cefotaxime and latamoxef in meningitis caused by Enterobacter and Serratia spp. AB - Despite the apparent success of several new cephalosporins in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial meningitis, four treatment failures with cefotaxime or latamoxef were encountered (two caused by Enterobacter and two by Serratia spp.) In-vitro parameters of susceptibility of these clinical isolates were compared with those of a meningeal Ent. cloacae isolate from a successfully treated patient. The MIC and MBC values, degrees of inoculum effect, and amounts of beta lactamase produced correlated poorly with the observed clinical outcome. However, the extent to which an isolate was killed by the cephalosporin used for treatment, in a 6-h in-vitro incubation, showed good correlation. We suggest that such a test should be used to predict clinical outcome of therapy because the other parameters such as the MIC and MBC values are not sufficiently discriminatory. PMID- 3502000 TI - Leprosy in the Union Territory of Delhi. AB - One hundred and seventy seven patients of leprosy residing in Delhi comprised 16.4% of the total Urban Leprosy Centre attendance in a three-year retrospective study with a M:F ratio of 3:1. The average age at onset of disease was 28.75% years and childhood leprosy was only 6.78%. The cases of pauci- and multibacillary leprosy were almost evenly distributed. Borderline leprosy (including BT, BB & BL of Ridley-Jopling classification) comprised the largest single group with 51.42%, followed by Lepromatous with 21.47%. In 90% cases the high probability of acquiring infection during period of stay in the city and the involvement of lower age-group are pointers towards the endemic nature of the disease in the region. PMID- 3502001 TI - A survey on proportion of multibacillary cases of leprosy in Himachal Pradesh. AB - The present village survey indicates that though the percentage of Multi bacillary cases remains high (50%) even after deducting the cases fit for discharge yet there is no evidence of high proportion of MB cases among newly detected cases. The percentage of MB cases among newly detected Leprosy cases is 16.7, but when old and new cases are put together and cases fit for discharge are deducted-the percentage of MB cases increases to 50. This high percentage of MB case is due to prolonged irregular treatment of old cases that are still clinically active, even after 10-30 years of treatment. The State level, district level/Leprosy Control Unit level data also indicated high percentage of MB cases which was mainly due to underdetection of cases particularly of Pauci-bacillary type, non-discharge of Multi-bacillary cases fit for discharge, prolonged irregular treatment of remaining MB cases that are active and due to various other contributory factors. PMID- 3502002 TI - Prevalence of leprosy in Rajasthan. PMID- 3502004 TI - Brunner's gland hamartoma of the duodenum. PMID- 3502003 TI - Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by 15-deoxyspergualin. AB - 15-Deoxyspergualin (DSG), a novel antitumor antibiotic, was tested for treatment of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Clinical and histologic signs of EAE by active sensitization with myelin basic protein were profoundly inhibited by prophylactic administration of DSG in a dose dependent manner. By the treatment during the inductive phase, the onset of EAE was significantly delayed. Antigen-specific proliferation of lymph node cells and the ability of spleen cells to transfer EAE were suppressed but concanavalin A induced lymphocyte proliferation was not altered. Passive EAE induced with an encephalitogenic T cell line was also prevented by DSG-treatment, although DSG did not suppress but rather augmented the activation of T cells in vitro. Taken together, DSG is not a non-specific lymphocyte toxin but a unique immunomodulator that can suppress both inductive and effector phases of EAE. PMID- 3502005 TI - [Regulatory mechanism of parathyroid hormone on 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production in vivo]. PMID- 3502006 TI - [Comparative evaluation of some analyses of stress-redistribution thallium-201 myocardial SPECT for myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 3502007 TI - [Cerebral perfusion SPECT using Tc-99m-d,l-HMPAO: comparative study with I-123 IMP and CBF measured by PET]. PMID- 3502008 TI - [Accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in ischemic myocardium--II. Comparison with myocardial perfusion and regional wall motion]. PMID- 3502009 TI - [Correction of single photon emission CT image distorted by collimator aperture]. PMID- 3502010 TI - [Evaluation of ischemic myocardium with regional time-activity curve of Tl-201]. PMID- 3502011 TI - [High dose Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomography in primary lung cancer]. PMID- 3502012 TI - [Clinical experience of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HM-PAO) in imaging of regional cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 3502013 TI - [Continuous-monitoring detector-system of arterial H2(15)O concentration for positron-emission tomography: construction of the system and correction for the dispersion and time-shift]. PMID- 3502014 TI - [IL-1 activity released from culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3502015 TI - [Aorto-coronary bypass grafting for a patient with severe stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery--significance of an exercise-induced negative U-wave]. PMID- 3502016 TI - [Comparison of ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP SMZ) for the treatment of Salmonella typhi infections in clinical practice]. AB - Ninety-four patients with Salmonella typhi infection hospitalized and treatment. Widal test results, blood cultures, stool cultures and physical examination findings were admitted infection criteria. Ampicillin used 100 mg/kg/day four divided dose in 52 patients, chloramphenicol used 2g/day four divided dose in 28 patients and TMP-SMZ 160-800 mg used bid in 14 patients. All of the treatments applied for 2 weeks. Ampicillin 92.30%, chloramphenicol 82.15% and TMP-SMZ 85.71% were found success. Fever dropped in normal degrees 3.43 +/- 1.71 days in ampicillin group, 3.47 +/- 1.13 days in chloramphenicol group and 3 +/- 1.41 days in TMP-SMZ group. PMID- 3502017 TI - Electrical conductivity of acupuncture points of the face in odontogenic affections of the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 3502018 TI - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) accelerates the accumulation of lipofuscin in mouse adrenal gland. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that causes degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Recently, we reported that it also destroys dopaminergic neurons in retina and it induces the accumulation of lipofuscin. We now present morphologic and biochemical evidence that MPTP causes the accumulation of lipofuscin in the adrenal cortex. We speculate, that generation of free radicals during the transformation of MPTP to metabolites might be responsible for lipofuscin formation. MPTP-induced accumulation of lipofuscin may be a useful model for studying the biochemistry of the aging process. PMID- 3502019 TI - Effect of intrastriatal and intranigral administration of synthetic neuromelanin on the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP in rodents. AB - Previous studies showed that the neurotoxin MPTP and its toxic metabolites bind with high affinity to neuromelanin (NM). Therefore, the presence of NM in human and primate but not in rodent substantia nigra, theoretically may be responsible for the species-selective dopaminergic (DA) toxicity of MPTP. We measured DA levels in rodent striatum 7 days after an acute single challenge with MPTP (40 mg/kg, s.c.) given alone or 24 h following unilateral intrastriatal injections of synthetic DA-NM in mice and intrastriatal or intranigral pigment administration in rats. Ipsilateral striatal DA levels were unaffected in control rodents treated with unilateral intrastriatal or intranigral DA-NM. In mice, systemic MPTP produced marked striatal DA depletions which were mildly increased in the striata given prior DA-NM injections. In rats, a species resistant to MPTP, administration of toxin did not affect striatal DA levels. However, after pretreatment with unilateral intrastriatal DA-NM, MPTP induced mild DA falls in ipsilateral striata. By contrast, intranigral administration of DA-NM followed by MPTP, did not alter ipsilateral striatal DA in rats. The findings suggest that intrastriatal DA-NM in mice and rats may augment or initiate, respectively. MPTP induced damage to sensitive DA-nerve-terminals perhaps by its action as a depot for binding and protracted release and action of the toxin. Lack of effect of intranigral DA-NM which is retained extraneuronally suggests that role of NM in the toxicity of MPTP may depend on its location within DA cell bodies in the nigra. PMID- 3502020 TI - Clinical results of transfer factor (BBZ Plauen) therapy in immunodeficient children. PMID- 3502021 TI - [Patient factors in the failure of preventive measles vaccination (epidemiologic observations)]. PMID- 3502022 TI - [Vascular response in brain tumor--investigation by positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3502024 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits gastric emptying in dogs: studies on its mechanism of action. AB - The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on gastric emptying of a saline solution was further investigated in six dogs prepared with gastric fistulas and chronic cerebroventricular guides and in four other dogs with chronic gastric fistulas and pancreatic (Herrera) cannulas. Intravenous infusion of CRF significantly inhibited gastric emptying whereas intracerebroventricular injection of CRF had no effect. Pharmacologic blockade of beta-adrenergic system by propranolol did not modify intravenous CRF induced delay in gastric emptying. Intravenous CRF did not influence basal pancreatic secretion whereas secretin infused stimulated bicarbonate secretion. These results indicate that intravenous but not intracerebroventricular administration of CRF inhibited gastric emptying of a saline solution in dogs. The inhibitory effect of intravenous CRF on gastric emptying is not mediated by the beta-adrenergic nervous system, and not secondary to the release of other peptides that affect both pancreatic secretion and gastric emptying such as cholecystokinin and peptide YY. PMID- 3502023 TI - [Immunological and trace element study in 50 children with various diseases caused by food allergens and aeroallergens]. AB - The authors executed a study on the levels of T lymphocytes and of serum Fe, Zn and Cu in 50 atopic children. The boys showed a various pathology who included the eczema, the laryngotracheobronchostenosis, the choanal obstruction and/or the adenoid's obstruction, abdominal pains, stomatitis, relapsing herpes, shock, neurosis. The T4/T8 relationship resulted lower in the 34.5% of subjects, higher in the 30.5% normal in the 35.5%. In the patients with hyper-IgE the 28.2% of children showed this relationship in the normality, but in the children with a heavy atopic syndrome and normal IgE only the 7.3% of subjects showed the T4/T8 relationship in the normality. The authors dwell on the heavy iron deficiency (72%) and of the Zn (52%) and of the Cu (33%) in the serum present in these subjects. The authors suppose that these changes come from a short absorption of these ions coming from the epithelial gut's damage caused by the daily ingestion of food allergens. PMID- 3502025 TI - Cell volumes and water contents of frog muscles in solutions of permeant sugars and sugar alcohols. AB - 1. Previous work has suggested that living cells may acquire and then maintain different water contents and hence volume, in solutions containing different concentrations of solutes that are permeant to the cell membrane. Toward better understanding of this phenomenon, two hypotheses were introduced: one hypothesis is based on the membrane-pump theory; another represents an extension of the polarized multilayer theory of cell water, a part of the association-induction (AI) hypothesis. To test the different predictions of these hypotheses, the water contents of frog muscle equilibrated at 25 degrees C in solutions of different concentrations of seven pentoses, seven hexoses, seven dissacharides, two trisaccharides, and six sugar alcohols were determined. 2. The earlier finding of sustained shrinkage of muscle cells in concentrated solutions of permeant solutes was confirmed once more. 3. In equimolal solutions of sugars and sugar alcohols with different steric conformations but the same or closely similar molecular weight(s), muscles had the same or closely similar water content(s). 4. In equimolal solutions of different sugars and sugar alcohols, the equilibrium water contents of the muscles increased with decreasing molecular weights of these solutes. 5. The water contents of muscles, equilibrated in 0.4 M solutions of different sugars and sugar alcohols, are positively correlated with the equilibrium distribution coefficients (or q-values) of the sugar and sugar alcohols in the muscle cell water with a linear correlation coefficient of +0.973. 6. The relationships between the equilibrium water contents of muscles (in solutions containing different concentrations of different sugars and sugar alcohols) and the concentrations of these sugars and sugar alcohols agree in general contours with that predicted by an equation derived on the basis of the polarized multilayer theory of cell water. 7. The experimental findings described above do not agree with the prediction based on the membrane-pump hypothesis; they do agree with all four predictions of the hypothesis based on the polarized multilayer theory of cell water. PMID- 3502026 TI - An electronic mechanism in the actions of drugs and other cardinal adsorbents. I. Effects of ouabain on the relative affinities of the cell surface beta- and gamma carboxyl groups for K+, Na+, glycine and other ions. AB - The effects of ouabain on the effectiveness of glycine, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ in the external medium in reducing the rate of entry of labeled Cs+ into frog sartorius muscles were studied. The results showed that in the absence of ouabain the effectiveness of glycine and alkali-metal ions in inhibiting labeled Cs+ entry follows the rank order: K+ greater than Cs+, Rb+ greater than Na+, Li+ greater than glycine. Exposure to ouabain in essence reverses this order which then becomes: glycine greater than Li+, Na+ greater than K+, Rb+, greater than Cs+. These results confirm the prediction of the basic electronic interpretation of drug action according to the association-induction hypothesis. In addition, it shows that the action of ouabain on the surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups of frog muscle mediating Cs+ entry is quite similar to its action on the cytoplasmic beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups that are the seats of K+ accumulation in the bulk phase cytoplasm as well as to its action on the cell surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups responsible for the generation of the resting potential. In all these cases, ouabain acts as an electron-donating cardinal adsorbent (EDC). Finally the marked increase of the binding strength of glycine on the surface beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups was used to explain the primary pharmacodynamic effect of cardiac glycosides in combating heart failure. PMID- 3502027 TI - Reward saturation in medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation. AB - A rate-frequency curve in self-stimulation experiments plots the response rate as a function of the frequency of stimulation pulses, yielding a steeply rising, roughly sigmoidal curve. Altering stimulation reward efficacy results in lateral shifts of this curve, while altering the operant performance capacity of the rat results in primarily vertical shifts. One hypothesis explaining the lateral stability of the curve in the face of performance-altering manipulations is that the stimulation reward effect saturates at the frequency where the curve asymptotes. In the first experiment we determined the frequency of rate-frequency curve asymptote in two paradigms, runway and lever-pressing, and compared it to the reward saturation frequency determined in a discrete choice procedure. Results indicate that reward often saturates at frequencies above the rate frequency asymptote point, which does not support the above hypothesis; levelling off of the rate-frequency function is most likely a result of performance ceiling factors. In a second experiment, increases in stimulation current reduced the saturation frequency, indicating that saturation is not determined by an upper limit on the signal carrying capacity of the directly excited axons. PMID- 3502029 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage in children]. PMID- 3502030 TI - [Prevalence of HLA-B27 antigen and ankylosing spondylitis in an urban population]. PMID- 3502028 TI - [Immuno-allergic reactions to cotrimoxazole in a hospital population]. AB - By a study of 87 oncologic hospitalized patients, affected by serious infectious complications and treated with high-dose antibiotic therapy including co trimoxazole, the authors evaluate the allergic and immunologic reactions to the drug on clinical and serological basis and try to outline the pathogenic implicated mechanisms. PMID- 3502031 TI - Transfer of immunity to the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis in mice. AB - The model of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) in CBA mice has been employed to examine the immunological mechanisms underlying the destruction of skin dwelling mf in immunised hosts. Spleen cells from highly resistant donors transferred to naive, syngeneic recipients conferred significant protection against mf challenge, with up to 78% reductions in parasite recoveries. Levels of resistance afforded by adoptive transfers of immune cells were dose dependent and only significant above a threshold of 4 x 10(6) splenocytes. Mixed T and B lymphocytes elicited resistance in recipients, although neither cell population was protective alone. Immune serum evoked resistance to mf challenge by passive transfer, but only when collected shortly after booster immunisations of the donors. Xenogeneic sera from immunised rabbits or calves failed to confer protection to recipient mice. It is concluded that resistance to O. lienalis mf in mice is likely to be primarily governed by a thymus-dependent humoral response. PMID- 3502032 TI - Equine ocular pathology ascribed to Onchocerca cervicalis infection: a re examination. AB - Eyes from 292 old (15-20 years) horses originating in the eastern, southeastern and midwestern United States were examined for the presence of Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae (mf) and concurrently for anterior and posterior segment ocular pathological changes. One-hundred-fifty-three animals (52.4%) were positive for dermal mf (range 0.03-5,364/mg). Of these, 60 animals had anterior segment changes. An additional 58 animals with pathological changes had no dermal mf. Mf were recovered from the ocular tissues of 18% of animals (range 0.07 29/mg). All animals with ocular mf were positive for dermal mf. Lesions most frequently encountered were punctate scleral opacities (in 14.0% of horses--7.2% with mf), temporal scleral viteligo (in 11.6%--6.8% with mf) and uveitis (11.0% of horses--6.2% with mf). Few significant posterior segment changes were seen. These data suggest that no ocular pathological changes represent reliable indicators for the presence of O. cervicalis infection. PMID- 3502033 TI - In situ hybridization for the detection of Haemophilus in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - In this study we performed in situ hybridization using biotin-labelled total genomic DNA of Haemophilus influenzae type b as a probe on: (1) smears containing bacteria cultured in vitro: all haemophilus species that can be found in the human respiratory tract appeared to be positive and a large number of other bacterial species appeared to be negative in this in situ hybridization test; (2) sputum smears from 287 patients with bronchitis: the hybridization test was positive on all but 2 of the 44 smears derived from patients whose culture yielded haemophilus and additionally on 12 smears derived from patients, whose culture was negative; and (3) sputum smears from 7 patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF): the hybridization test was positive in all these 7 sputum smears, while the culture only yielded haemophilus in 3 cases. The higher sensitivity of the hybridization test compared to culturing could mainly be explained by the failure to detect haemophilus in culture caused by masking due to overgrowth by other bacteria. In conclusion the in situ hybridization test, which can be performed in only 4 h, is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of haemophilus in sputum and is particularly useful in CF patients, where overgrowth by pseudomonas often interferes with diagnosis by culturing. PMID- 3502034 TI - Trimethoprim associated aseptic meningitis. AB - We report 5 patients with repeated episodes of meningitis related to intake of trimethoprim containing compounds. On at least one occasion the patients received pure trimethoprim prior to reaction. Autoimmune disease was established in 3 of the patients. A close temporal relationship between drug intake and reaction was noted: symptoms appeared often within minutes. No evidence of infections was found. Lumbar puncture after recovery revealed normal values in 2 patients. This aseptic meningitis is most likely an adverse drug reaction and associated with trimethoprim intake. The reaction is infrequently reported in relation to drug sales but its incidence has probably been underestimated. PMID- 3502035 TI - Role of abdominal CT, when available in patients' records, in the evaluation of degenerative changes of the sacroiliac joints. AB - To determine the role of abdominal computed tomography (CT) that had been performed for other reasons, in the evaluation of degenerative changes of the sacroiliac joints, the authors performed a retrospective review of the sacroiliac joints of 100 patients, all of whom had an abdominal CT scan and a plain abdominal and/or pelvic roentgenogram in their files. The results indicate that, when available in the patient's record, abdominal CT scans provide substantial additional information in the evaluation of degenerative changes of the sacroiliac joints at no extra cost. The authors' results also suggest that after the age of 55, the patient's age does not seem to influence the extent of sacroiliac joint narrowing, which does appear to be affected by the presence of coexisting diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. PMID- 3502036 TI - Idiopathic scoliosis: transcutaneous muscle stimulation versus the Milwaukee brace. AB - This paper compared 3-year results of electrical stimulation with the Milwaukee brace for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Fifty patients in each group were compared retrospectively and matched for age, sex, Risser sign, and curve morphology. Evaluations were performed at 6-month intervals with radiographs and examinations. Skin irritation was the most common complication with electrical stimulation. Using survivorship analysis methods, no significant differences were found in rates of curve progression or failure. Overall, 70% of the patients in each group were successfully maintained over a course of 3 years. Electrical stimulation is comparable to the Milwaukee brace in managing idiopathic scoliosis. PMID- 3502037 TI - [Efficacy of various methods of therapy of chronic brucellosis]. AB - A study was made of the comparative efficacy of levamisole (a controlled method) and vaccinotherapy in combined treatment of 97 patients with chronic brucellosis. The advantage of levamisole curative effect in the period of exacerbation and in a follow-up period was obvious. No advantage of vaccinotherapy in chronic brucellosis was noted. An immunomodulating effect of levamisole was manifested in an increase in the amount of circulating lymphocyte subpopulations. No similar changes of immunological indices in vaccinotherapy were noted. PMID- 3502038 TI - [Use of inhalation of ultrasonic aerosols and galvanic current in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - Multimodality treatment of 83 patients with newly detected destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis included the use of inhalation of isoniazid and streptomycin in ultrasonic aerosols in combination with galvanic current. This method was well tolerated by the patients, inhalation agents showed high efficacy: elimination of bacteria and disintegration cavity closing in most of the patients occurred in the first 4 months, i. e. by the end of a course of inhalation therapy. The incorporation of rifampicin in the therapeutic scheme did not result in the improvement of therapeutic results but increased the frequency of side effects (toxic and hepatotoxic). The time course of radionuclide scanning showed that the improvement of the capillary blood flow was more frequently observed in therapy with galvanic current. PMID- 3502039 TI - [Single photon emission computed tomography. Principles and methods]. PMID- 3502040 TI - [In vivo study of the central dopaminergic system]. PMID- 3502041 TI - [Brain energy metabolism and pharmacology. Studies using positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3502042 TI - [Effect of alpha-amylase in serous otitis in children with analysis of mucus spinability in glue-ear]. PMID- 3502044 TI - [Natural killers in pregnancy: the problem of heterogeneity and the regulation of activity]. AB - Natural killer activity of pregnant women's peripheral blood lymphocytes and of cord blood was investigated. 3H-uridine labeled K-562 and human embryo fibroblasts (HEF) were used as target cells in cytotoxic test. The results of competitive inhibition test led us to a conclusion about the presence of some common K-562 and HEF surface structures recognized by NK cells. It was shown that the decline of NK activity of pregnant women and a low NK activity of cord blood were not associated with the influence of T-lymphocytes or adherent cells. PMID- 3502043 TI - Use of specific adhesion substrates for diagnosis of platelet disorders: platelet collagen and platelet-fibrinogen interaction in von Willebrand's disease and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 3502045 TI - [Na+ and K+ binding by glycerinated muscle fibers with reciprocal cation concentrations in the medium]. AB - The binding of Na+ and K+ by glycerinated muscle fibres was observed at reserve concentrations of NaCl in the medium. Under external concentrations of Na+ of K+ up to 0.4-0.5 mM, a constant fraction (0.15-0.25 mmoles/kg dry weight of the fibres) bound by glycerinated fibres was revealed. With the increase of NaCl or KCl concentration in the medium up to 10 mM the concentration of bound cations increased too. The parameters of Na+ and K+ sorption by glycerinated models were calculated. The values of Na+ and K+ binding limits were 4.4 and 1.8 mmole/kg dry weight of the fibres and those of affinity, 3.2 and 4.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding of one cation took place in conditions when its concentration was 10,000-20,000 fold less than that of the other cation. This points to the fact that Na+ and K+ binding is highly specific and is carried out by different centres. It is suggested that myosin ATPase is a substratum binding Na+ and K+ in glycerinated muscle fibres at reverse ratio concentrations of these cations in the medium. PMID- 3502046 TI - [Effect of the temperature of oocyte maturation on the heat resistance of the body and cells in the progeny of the common frog]. AB - A study was made of the effect of low (4-5 degrees C) and high (17-22 degrees C) temperatures of oocyte maturation on different stages of development: a unicellular stage, early tadpole stage 39 and late tadpole, near the end of metamorphosis stage 52. Different temperatures in the course of oocyte maturation do not lead to reactive shifts in heat resistance of the organism and muscle cells of the progeny on either developmental stage examined. PMID- 3502047 TI - [Immunologic criteria of the evaluation of the severity of the condition of patients with mechanical jaundice]. AB - Examination of 62 patients with mechanical jaundice has established a pronounced disproportion in the ratio of the amount of "general" T-, "active" T- and "theophylline-sensitive" T-lymphocytes which suggests the critical state of the patient especially if it persists in the early postoperative period. The dynamics of the content of serum immunoglobulin A reflects the degree of resolution of hypertension in bile ducts while the clinical value of this test is not high enough due to its being very time-taking. PMID- 3502048 TI - [District-specific peculiarities of work disability]. PMID- 3502050 TI - [Positive effect of acute bypass operations on the 4-year survival rate of successfully lysed infarct patients]. PMID- 3502049 TI - [Exulceratio simplex Dieulafoy]. AB - Report on a massive gastric haemorrhage from an exulceratio simplex Dieulafoy in a 54-year-old male. Discussion of the possible causes, differential diagnosis and prognosis of the haemorrhage. PMID- 3502051 TI - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 3502052 TI - [Cellular aspects of the immune response]. PMID- 3502053 TI - [B cell activation and the humoral immune reaction]. PMID- 3502054 TI - [Pathomechanisms of tissue damage exemplified by collagenoses]. PMID- 3502055 TI - [Emergency interventions in complicated colonic diverticulosis]. AB - An account is given in this paper of 480 patients who had been hospitalised for colonic diverticulosis or diverticulitis in the surgical department of the Municipal Waid Hospital of Zurich, between 1970 and 1986. Laparotomy had to be performed on 219 of them (45.6 per cent), among them 84 emergency interventions. The average age of these patients was 70.7 years. Indications for emergency surgery included diffuse or locally delimited peritonitis with abscess development in 72 patients, ileus in ten cases, and massive colon haemorrhage in two. The latter two cases were handled with good success by subtotal colectomy with ileorectostomy and, one of them with the source of bleeding known, by colotomy and suturing of that source of bleeding. Sigmaincontinence resection according to Hartmann has been considered the optional approach since 1977 to diffuse peritonitis and to many cases of ileus (n = 39). In more recent time, anastomosis has been used as primary approach to some patients who survived fibrinous abdominal peritonitis (n = 4). The mortality rate associated with drainage operations according to expectation, has been clearly higher than that following resection, the comparable figures being 32.3 and 17.2 per cent. That has been attributable to non-removal of the septic focus. After all, nowadays combined antibiotic therapy is commonly used for seven to ten days for simultaneous control of both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. This has become routine practice and involves aminoglycoside, metronidazole, and ampicillin. Overall mortality associated with emergency interventions is clearly higher than that after planned operations, the figures being 22.6 and 4.4 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502056 TI - [Microsurgical anatomy of structures of the cerebellopontile angle in meningiomas of the posterior surface of the pyramid of the temporal bone]. AB - The data of 153 operations and 38 autopsies were used to study the microtopographoanatomical relationships of structures of the cerebellopontile angle in meningiomas of the posterior surface of the pyramid of the temporal bone. The details of the microtopography of the structures of the cerebellopontile angle were studied on 6 block-specimens with meningiomas and during 20 operations by means of an operating microscope. The authors revealed variants of the relationship of the cerebellopontile angle structures with the tumors depending on the site and direction of their growth. PMID- 3502057 TI - [Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance in protein-losing enteropathies in pediatrics]. AB - Fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance (A-1-At Cl) was performed on 47 pediatric age patients with various digestive diseases: 6 with ulcerative colitis, 5 with celiac disease, 6 with cow milk protein intolerance, 1 with intestinal lymphangiectasia, 1 with non specific diarrhea and the control group was composed of 10 children without digestive disease. The group of patients with digestive disease showed values of fecal A-1-At Cl significantly higher than the control and non specific diarrhea groups (p less than 0.05). Just 1 child with cow milk intolerance had A-1-At Cl within the range of values of the control group x = 2 S.D. All children with non specific diarrhea excepting one had values falling within the control range. The patient with thalassemia major had a very elevated value of A-1-At Cl. The cause of this finding remains unknown at present. The fecal A-1-At Cl. is a non invasive, cost saving, useful and simpler method than the traditional techniques for the diagnosis of protein losing enteropathy in childhood. PMID- 3502058 TI - Non-phagocytic adherent cells as contaminants in peritoneal macrophage cultures from conventionally housed mice. AB - Non-phagocytic adherent cells (NPAC) were found as contaminants in peritoneal macrophage cultures from mice kept in conventional animal houses. The cells were morphologically intermediates between macrophages and small lymphocytes. They showed a vigorous ameboid movement in vitro, and most of the cells detached during the first 24 h in culture. The cells were identified as B-lymphocytes by demonstrating surface immunoglobulin with fluorescence labelled goat-F(ab)2-anti mouse IgG + IgM antibody, as non-phagocytes by latex beads phagocytosis test, and as non-T cells with an anti-Thy 1 monoclonal antibody. Macrophages were identified with M1/70 monoclonal antibody against the Mac-1 antigen. An increased number of NPAC was found in cultures harvested from the peritoneum of mice kept in conventional houses for one week or more, together with a rise in total peritoneal cell count. The keeping also resulted in increased functional activity of the macrophages, tested by morphology, lososomal enzyme activity and phagocytic functions. The rise in NPAC parallelled the activation of macrophages and may therefore serve as an indication of the functional state of the macrophage cultures. PMID- 3502059 TI - Adaptation-related changes in the spatial and temporal summation of frog retinal ganglion cells. AB - The spatial and temporal summation of light by the receptive field centre of frog retinal ganglion cells were studied by extracellular recording in the eyecup preparation. The purpose was to quantify how summation changes with the state of light and dark adaptation and to clarify whether changes are due to the transition between rod and cone vision. Spatial summation was found to decrease by 30-50% as the cell was light-adapted to a threshold some 4 log units above the dark-adapted one. Temporal summation for threshold responses fell as the power 0.17 of the intensity of an adapting steady background. Neither change was bound to the rod-cone transition but occurred in the ranges of both receptor types; at equal sensitivities the summation of both receptor systems was matched. PMID- 3502060 TI - Regional brain glucose metabolism in drug free schizophrenic patients and clinical correlates. AB - Regional brain glucose metabolism was investigated in healthy volunteers (n = 10) and in drug free schizophrenic patients (n = 20). The metabolism was determined by positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-glucose as the tracer. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was made according to RDC and DSM III. Eight patients had their first psychotic episode, four patients had a subchronic course and eight patients had a chronic course with an exacerbation of their illness. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain were made in all the subjects. Regions of interest (n = 35) were drawn on displayed CT images and the marked regions were transferred to the corresponding slice of the PET examination. The PET investigation was made in a dimly lit, quiet room with the eyes of the subject covered. The time course of the 11C-glucose uptake was measured by a four ring PET scanner (PC-384-7B). Metabolic rates of glucose varied greatly among the schizophrenic patients investigated. The variance was significantly greater than that of the controls in most regions. Decreases in mean levels of metabolic rates were related to patients with subchronic or chronic courses. Changes in metabolism were not related to previous duration of neuroleptic treatment of the patients. Left-right asymmetries were found in the temporal lobe (area 22) and the basal frontal cortex (area 11), the metabolic rates of the patients being lower on the left side compared to the controls. Asymmetry of the metabolic rate of the amygdala in hebephrenic patients was the opposite of that found in paranoid patients and controls. Negative correlations between regional metabolic rates and autistic or negative symptoms were found. Thus, the lower the metabolic rate was, the more autistic the patient. Metabolic rates were not correlated to atrophic changes of the brain. No basis for a specific alteration in frontal cortical metabolism of schizophrenics was obtained. Changes in regional metabolic rates in schizophrenia are suggested to reflect disturbances in more general mechanisms which are of importance in neuronal function. PMID- 3502061 TI - [The effects of cyclosporine G and D treatment on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and kidney in rats]. PMID- 3502062 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor in the adrenal medulla. AB - Immunoreactive and bioactive corticotropin-releasing factor has been identified in the adrenal gland of dogs, rats and humans. Radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical experiments have clearly demonstrated that localization of the peptide is confined to the adrenal medulla. CRF-containing cells have a characteristic appearance and are often found in close association with blood vessels. Electron microscopic studies suggest that CRF is secreted at blood vessels within the adrenal medullary vasculature. CRF has also been identified in pheochromocytomas. The amount of the peptide made by such tumors is highly variable as the CRF content of pheochromocytomas may be 20 to 100 times higher or lower than that of normal adrenal tissue. The pathophysiological importance of CRF in pheochromocytomas is unknown. Excessive secretion of the peptide into the peripheral circulation may cause prolonged activation of the pituitary adrenal axis. The peptide may also act within the tumor, although its role remains obscure. Studies on chronically cannulated, awake dogs have shown that CRF is secreted into adrenal venous blood. A gradient exists between adrenal venous and peripheral arterial blood, as CRF is undetectable peripherally under resting conditions. Hemorrhage, a hemodynamic stimulus known to activate a sympathetic adrenal response, increases the CRF secretory rate. The time course of CRF secretion in response to this stimulus parallels that of epinephrine secretion. The physiological significance of adrenal medullary CRF remains to be determined. Although CRF has been shown to affect catecholamine secretion, the peptide appears to be only a weak secretagogue for catecholamines. We suggest that CRF may affect local blood flow within the adrenal medulla and may modify catecholamine secretory rates via this mechanism. The localization of CRF cells in close apposition to blood vessels supports this hypothesis. PMID- 3502063 TI - Anatomy of neural pathways affecting CRH secretion. PMID- 3502065 TI - Posttranslational processing of corticotropin-releasing factor in the ovine tuberoinfundibular system and pituitary. AB - The present studies were undertaken to characterize the immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (ir-CRF) in two areas of the ovine tuberoinfundibular system, hypophysial portal blood, and pituitary. With an antiserum raised against synthetic ovine (o)CRF(1-41) and 125I-Tyro-oCRF(1-41) as the tracer, concentrations of ir-CRF (pg/mg wet weight, n = 5) were: paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN), 11.7 +/- 2.5; median eminence (ME), 2276 +/- 296; anterior pituitary (AP), less than 0.5; posterior pituitary (PP), 10.0 +/- 2.2. Analysis of the ir-CRF in these areas on G-75 Sephadex chromatography revealed two main peaks--a 'major' peak which coeluted with synthetic oCRF(1-41) and a 'minor' peak which eluted eight fractions later. These two immunoreactive species of CRF were also found in hypophysial portal blood. When ME extract was analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the 'minor' peak of ir-CRF eluted before that of CRF(1-41). Since CRF contains Arg35 Lys36 within its sequence, we tested the hypothesis that the 'minor' peak of ir CRF represented a fragment, or fragments, of the molecule derived by proteolytic cleavage at this site. Tyro-oCRF(34-41) was digested with trypsin and the reaction products were identified by amino acid analysis. Two of these products were CRF(36-41) and CRF(37-41), and both migrated in the 'minor' peak area on G 75 Sephadex chromatography and HPLC. In the CRF(1-41) RIA, serial dilution of both fragments yielded nonparallel displacement curves. However, with 125I-Tyro oCRF(34-41) as the radiolabeled ligand and Tyro-oCRF(34-41) as the standard, serial dilutions of CRF(1-41), CRF(36-41), and CRF(37-41) generated parallel displacement curves, and the molar cross-reactivities were 90%, 45% and 10% respectively. When the ir-CRF in HPLC fractions of ovine ME was measured in the Tyro-oCRF(34-41) RIA, the molar abundance of the hexapeptide and pentapeptide could be obtained. Calculations based on the premise that the 'minor' peak was solely composed of either the hexapeptide or pentapeptide indicated that CRF(36 41) could account for up to 37% of the total ir-CRF, or that CRF(37-41) could account for up to 73% of the total immunoreactivity. On more discriminating HPLC systems, immunoreactive (ir-) oCRF in the sheep median eminence (ME) could be resolved into five different molecular forms. On three distinct chromatographic systems, four of these immunoreactive species shared retention characteristics identical with synthetic oCRF(37-41), oCRF(36-41), oCRF(16-41) and oCRF(1-41), with the fifth immunoreactive peak as yet unidentified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3502064 TI - Abnormalities in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in Alzheimer's disease and other human disorders. AB - CRH-IR is significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex of individuals with AD, PD and PSP. Furthermore, we report that the decreases in CRH-IR in AD are accompanied by reciprocal increases in CRH receptors in affected cortical areas. The changes in pre- and postsynaptic markers for CRH are significantly correlated with decrements in ChAT activity. The demonstration of an up regulation of CRH receptors following a decrease in CRH-IR indicates a physiological relevance of the receptor site and is consistent with the concept that CRH acts as a neurotransmitter in normal cortical functions and that disease of this peptidergic systems may be important in certain clinical manifestations of dementia. While the clinical consequences of the changes in CRH in these various disorders are unclear, future therapies directed at increasing CRH levels in brain may prove useful for treatment. PMID- 3502066 TI - Identification of transforming growth factor alpha in human primary breast carcinomas. AB - Primary human mammary carcinomas were found to contain an acid stable polypeptide which bound to the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF). This polypeptide which was antigenetically different from EGF and thus identified as Tumor Growth Factor (TGF) alpha, could be identified in 25% of the tumors. Among these tumors 40% contained measurable levels of the EGF receptor. Thus these tumors exhibit the molecular prerequisite for autocrine growth stimulation. PMID- 3502068 TI - [Incidence and control of classical swine fever in West Germany]. PMID- 3502069 TI - [Virus infections of domestic poultry in industrial poultry production]. PMID- 3502067 TI - Ultimobranchial body and parathyroid gland of the parrot Psittacula psittacula in response to experimental hypercalcemia. AB - Psittacula psittacula when subjected to long term hypercalcemia by intramuscular injections of vitamin D2 (20,000 I.U.) on alternate days and by increasing dietary calcium, exhibit a rise in the serum calcium level after 10, 20 and 30 days of treatment as compared to their corresponding controls. The ultimobranchial cells show progressive hypertrophy up to 20th day of the treatment. From 20th day till the end of the experiment (30 days) these cells show feeble staining response. The parathyroid glands suffer from degenerative changes due to its inactivity under chronic hypercalcemia. PMID- 3502070 TI - [Facial cellulitis and Haemophilus meningitis in infants]. AB - Two cases of facial cellulitis due to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b are reported in 2 infants aged 3 and 6 months. Bacteriological diagnosis relied on blood cultures. Association with bacterial meningitis emphasizes the necessity of a systematic cerebrospinal fluid examination and the choice of antibiotherapy. PMID- 3502071 TI - [Studies on interleukin 1 production and fibroblast stimulating activity of alveolar macrophages obtained from patients with connective tissue diseases accompanying interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 3502072 TI - Immunotoxicity of chromium compounds: effect of sodium dichromate on the T cell activation in vitro. PMID- 3502073 TI - [Sicca syndrome associated with systemic lymphoproliferative disease. Clinico pathologic and serologic profile of 11 cases]. AB - Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical studies were performed in 11 patients suffering from sicca syndrome with extraglandular lymphoid lesions (liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone). Seven patients proved to have primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), 3 had non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with glandular and extraglandular monoclonal B-cell infiltrates, and 1 had diffuse Castleman's disease (CD). Antibodies to nuclear and/or cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins were found, by immunodiffusion, in sera from all patients with SS (anti-SSA/Ro in 7 cases and anti-SSB/La in 6). No patient with NHL or CD had evidence of circulating antibodies to these antigens as well as other soluble nuclear antigens. Our data suggests that antibodies to SSA/Ro and SSB/la are strongly associated with extraglandular lymphoid lesions in primary SS and may be useful in differentiating this condition from sicca complex with NHL. PMID- 3502074 TI - Effects of the allogeneic stimulation on B cell function in thalassaemic polytransfused patients. AB - The immunological abnormalities of polytransfused patients affected by beta thalassaemia major have been investigated in relation to B cell function. The spontaneous in vitro production of Ig by patient peripheral mononuclear cells was not modified, while the pokeweed mitogen induced IgM synthesis was significantly reduced. However, by comparing the splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients, this alteration proved to be present only in the splenectomized group. The proliferation of patient peripheral B cells in vitro stimulated with B cell growth factor alone was not significantly enhanced in respect to the controls. These results indicate that in vivo activation state of patient B cells is not different from that of the controls. The stimulation of peripheral B cell with anti-mu or anti-alpha antibodies and anti-mu and anti-alpha antibodies plus B cells growth factor induced a significant increase in proliferative responses of B cells from the splenectomized patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that circulating B cells of thalassaemic polytransfused patients are not hyperactivated. The splenectomy can account for the immunological changes observed in our thalassaemic sample as compared to control group. PMID- 3502075 TI - Doses and side effects of co-trimoxazole in treatment of AIDS associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3502076 TI - Identification of disulfide-bridged substructures within human von Willebrand factor. AB - In the course of identifying substructural domains within the homooligomeric protein von Willebrand factor [270 kilodaltons (kDa) per polypeptide chain], seven large fragments of 8-90 kDa have been generated by limited proteolysis. A monomeric fragment that binds coagulation factor VIIIc is identified as residues 1-272. A fragment that binds platelet glycoprotein Ib is identified as a homodimer containing two pairs of identical chains, i.e., residues 273-511 and 674-728. Disulfide bonds have been identified by several methods, including direct observation of the phenylthiohydantoin of cystine during Edman degradation of isolated peptides. Among half-cystine residues in the amino-terminal 1365 residue region, 52 have been paired. They place structural constraints on folding possibilities within three structural domains. Additional clusters of disulfide bonds are evident. It has been shown that at least 35 disulfides must form intrachain bridges, specifically the cystines among residues 1-272 and 906-1492. Intersubunit disulfide bonds are partially localized in an interior region (residues 283-695) and a carboxyl-terminal region (residues 1908-2050). Each of these regions appears to be linked to a corresponding region of a neighboring subunit in the network of interconnected chains. The difficulties of pairing all 169 half-cystines (per chain) and of distinguishing intrachain from interchain disulfides are evaluated. PMID- 3502078 TI - Presence and hormonal control of plasminogen activator in granulosa cells of the domestic hen. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA) has been implicated in the control of ovarian cell differentiation and in the process of follicular rupture at the time of ovulation in rats. This study was conducted to evaluate whether PA activity is present in granulosa cells of the largest preovulatory (F1) follicle in the ovary of the domestic hen, and if so, to examine its hormonal regulation. An in vitro assay system, which measures the plasmin-mediated lysis of a chromogenic substrate, S 2251, was validated for use with granulosa cells of the hen to assess levels of both cell-associated and secreted PA. Chicken luteinizing hormone (cLH) suppressed PA activity in a dose-dependent fashion, with the highest dose (100 ng/ml incubation medium) resulting in levels that were 21.8% (cell-associated) and 50.9% (secreted) those of basal values (overall mean of 5 separate assays). Similarly, the ovarian steroid, testosterone, at the lowest dose administered (2 ng/ml medium), was found to inhibit both cell-associated and secreted PA activity (29.0% and 73.0% versus basal, respectively; N = 5 assays), whereas progesterone at the highest dose (50 ng/ml media) significantly depressed only cell-associated PA activity (71.9%), but not secreted PA, compared to basal levels (N = 5). By contrast, prostaglandin (PG) E1 or PGE2 at 10(-6) M, stimulated both cell associated (a 20.9% and a 32.1% increase, respectively, compared to basal levels) and secreted (a 17.1% and a 28.3% increase, respectively, compared to basal) PA activity (N = 5); however, PGE2 at 10(-6) M, when combined with cLH at 100 ng/ml, was only partially effective in reversing the inhibitory action of cLH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502077 TI - Thermal stability of myosin rod from various species. AB - The radius of gyration and fraction helix as a function of temperature have been determined for myosin rod from four different species: rabbit, frog, scallop, and antarctic fish. Measurements from sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis indicate that all particles have the same molecular weight (approximately 130K). All fragments are nearly 100% alpha-helical at low temperatures (0-5 degrees C). The melting profiles for each are qualitatively similar in shape, but their midpoints are shifted along the temperature axis in the following order: antarctic fish (Tm = 33 degrees C), scallop (Tm = 39 degrees C), frog (Tm = 45 degrees C), and rabbit (Tm = 49 degrees C). Corresponding radius of gyration vs temperature profiles for each species are shifted to lower temperatures (approximately 5-8 degrees C) with respect to the optical rotation melting curves. From plots of radius of gyration vs fraction helix, we find a marked drop in the radius of gyration (from 43 to approximately 34 nm) with less than a 5% decrease in fraction helix for rabbit, frog, and antarctic fish rods, whereas the radius of gyration of scallop rod never exceeds 34 nm. Results indicate hinging of the myosin rod of each species. The thermal stabilities of the myosin rods shift in parallel with the working temperature of their respective muscles. PMID- 3502079 TI - The relation between antisperm antibodies and testicular alterations after vasectomy and vasovasostomy in Lewis rats. AB - The relationship between antisperm antibodies as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the occurrence of alterations in testicular weight and histology was studied following vasectomy in Lewis rats. The effects of vasovasostomy on antisperm antibody levels were also examined. At 1, 3, and 4 months after vasectomy, the mean absorbance values in an ELISA for sera from animals with altered testes was significantly greater than that from animals lacking testicular alterations. However, animals showing positive antisperm antibody responses were represented both in the group with testicular alterations and among those that lacked testicular damage. Levels of antisperm antibody in both vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups significantly exceeded that for sham operated animals, but the level of antisperm antibodies in vasovasostomized animals with positive responses was similar to vasectomized animals one and four months after reanastomosis. It is suggested that persistence of antisperm antibodies or testicular alterations, or both, may play roles in limiting the restoration of fertility after vasovasostomy. PMID- 3502080 TI - [The relationship between urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in children]. PMID- 3502081 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of T lymphocytes and the clinical picture of bronchial asthma in childhood]. PMID- 3502082 TI - The implementation of problem-oriented nursing records in selected general hospitals in Natal. PMID- 3502084 TI - Interleukin-2 production and targeting in hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 3502083 TI - Interleukin-1-production by monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by glass-adherent monocytes from 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was measured. Patients were divided into three groups according to disease activity. A deficient production of IL-1 was found in monocytes of SLE patients both without stimulation and after stimulation with 5 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide. The decreased production correlated with the degree of disease. Addition of phorbol myristate acetate to monocytes caused only partial normalization of the decreased IL-1 production. The IL-1 deficiency in SLE is postulated to be a part of complex abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity in this disease. PMID- 3502085 TI - Quantitation of membrane biocompatibility. PMID- 3502086 TI - Acoustic neuroma presenting as a cyst with fluid level. AB - A rare case of large cystic acoustic neurinoma with fluid level is described. The pathogenesis of the lesion and its differential diagnosis, particularly from meningioma, are briefly discussed. PMID- 3502089 TI - Microbiological studies of tracheostomy site wounds. AB - Specimens were obtained from 25 patients who developed tracheostomy site wound infections. Aerobic bacteria only were isolated in 4 (16%) instances, anaerobic bacteria only in 2 (8%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates were recovered in 19 (76%). A total of 145 isolates (72 aerobes and 73 anaerobes) were recovered, an average of 5.8 isolates per specimen (2.9 aerobes and 2.9 anaerobes). The most frequently recovered isolates were Peptostreptococcus sp., Bacteroides sp., alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Fusobacterium sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Twenty-nine isolates recovered from 19 (72%) patients produced beta lactamase. These included all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis group and 4 of 11 (36%) of Bacteroides melaninogenicus group. The polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora of tracheostomy site wound infection, and the presence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in most of these infections, may have important implications for their management. PMID- 3502087 TI - Three dimensional structure of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase at 2.9 A resolution. Role of calcium in structure and activity. AB - The crystal structure of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) has been solved at 2.9 A resolution by X-ray crystallographic methods. The enzyme contains three domains. The larger, in the N-terminal part, consists of 330 amino acid residues. This central domain has the typical parallel-stranded alpha-beta barrel structure (alpha beta)8, already found in a number of other enzymes like triose phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase. The C-terminal domain forms a distinct globular unit where the chain folds into an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel. The third domain lies between a beta-strand and a alpha-helix of the central domain, in a position similar to those found for domain B in triose phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase. It is essentially composed of antiparallel beta-sheets. The active site is located in a cleft within the N-terminal central domain, at the carboxy-end of the beta-strands of the (alpha beta)8 barrel. Binding of various substrate analogues to the enzyme suggests that the amino acid residues involved in the catalytic reaction are a pair of aspartic acids. A number of other residues surround the substrate and seem to participate in its binding via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The 'essential' calcium ion has been located near the active site region and between two domains, each of them providing two calcium ligands. On the basis of sequence comparisons this calcium binding site is suggested to be a common structural feature of all alpha amylases. It represents a new type of calcium-protein interaction pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502088 TI - Interleukin 3-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of a membrane glycoprotein of Mr 150,000 in multi-factor-dependent myeloid cell lines. AB - Tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins induced by various hematopoietic growth factors such as interleukin 3 (IL3), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL4) was studied in several multi factor-dependent myeloid cell lines. Among the growth factors, IL3 specifically induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a membrane glycoprotein of mol. wt 150 kd (gpp150) in the IL3-dependent cell lines, IC2 and DA-1. The IL3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of gpp150 was detected within 30 s, reached a maximum at 3 min and decreased thereafter. The concentration of IL3 required for half maximum stimulation of gpp150 tyrosine phosphorylation with 2.5 x 10(6)/ml cells was approximately 200 pM, which is the same as the dissociation constant for 125I labeled IL3 binding. gpp150 was constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residue(s) in growth factor independent variants, IC2Tr and DA-1Tr, derived from IC2 and DA-1 respectively. Neither variant synthesized IL3. The present findings suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of gpp150 is a critical event involved in both IL3-dependent and -independent growth. PMID- 3502090 TI - Pharmacological activity of some pyrrolo and pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives. AB - 4,7-Dihydro-4-ethyl-2-phenylpyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (FPP028) is the prototype of a class of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pirimidine derivatives that has been shown to possess marked antiinflammatory and analgesic properties; 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl 7-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (FPP129) is a new compound belonging to a series of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pirimidine derivatives that has been synthetized in an attempt to reduce certain toxic effects observed with FPP028. To evaluate these two compounds more fully, in the present study we determined the LD50 of FPP129 in mice and assessed its activity in different experimental inflammation models. Ulcerogenic properties of FPP129 were evaluated by the test of stress-induced ulcer in rats. We also studied the in vitro and ex vivo effects of both FPP028 and FPP129 in a series of platelet-aggregation experiments using either arachidonate or collagen as aggregating agents. In the carraggeenan-induced paw edema, FPP129 exerted a marked anti-inflammatory activity with an ED50 of 22.2 mg/kg. FPP129 inhibited also the edema induced by concanavalin-A or Paf-acether. The in vitro anti-aggregatory activity of FPP028 was shown to be much less than that of indomethacin, thus confirming the hypothesis that the compound is a very weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Ex vivo, both FPP028 and FPP129 were shown to exert no antiaggregatory effect in rabbits after administration of doses equal to the ED50. No ulcerogenic activity was found with FPP129, this result being consistent with previous observations on FPP028. Our data show tha FPP028 and FPP129 do not share a typical mechanism of action (cyclooxygenase inhibition) found with the majority of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Nonetheless, the antiinflammatory properties of these compounds, together with their lack of ulcerogenic activity, indicate that both FPP028 and FPP129 are potentially interesting for future therapeutic use. PMID- 3502091 TI - [Trans-1-(4-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine derivatives with antidepressant activity. II]. AB - Some derivatives of trans-1-(4-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine (A) with a substituent at position 4 of the phenyl group were prepared and tested for antireserpine activity on the CNS. All compounds showed reduced activity compared with that of (A) except the amino derivative (II) which proved more active but at the same time showed increased toxicity and other adverse effects on the CNS. PMID- 3502092 TI - [Epidemiology of malignant melanoma in East Germany 1953-1980. An analysis. I. Incidence, age, sex]. PMID- 3502093 TI - Effects of urinary extracts from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or aplastic anemia on rodent platelet production and megakaryocytopoiesis. AB - Urinary extracts from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, aplastic anemia (AA) patients and normal subjects were investigated for their effects on in vivo platelet production, and both in vitro and in vivo megakaryocytopoiesis in rodents. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 1.2 absorbance units (AU, A278) of urinary protein for three consecutive days induced statistically significant increases in rat blood platelet numbers. This increase was observed for 1 of 4 ITP urinary extracts and for all 3 AA urinary extracts, and occurred 24 h after the final injection. In vitro levels of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) in ITP urinary extracts were similar to those of normal urinary extracts, and were in dramatic contrast to the markedly elevated levels of Meg-CSF in extracts from AA urine. A single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 AU of AA urinary protein induced a significant increase in spleen-derived megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-meg) 48 h past injection. In the group injected with ITP urinary extract, CFU-meg levels remained within normal limits. These results provide evidence that urinary extracts of ITP patients do not contain increased levels of Meg-CSF and a factor which directly stimulates in vivo CFU-meg production, and that the decrease in circulating platelet numbers that is characteristic of ITP patients is not a primary in vivo determinant in the elaboration of these factors. PMID- 3502094 TI - [Neurophysiological mechanisms of compensation of vision disorders after electric stimulation of damaged human optic nerve]. PMID- 3502095 TI - Aortoesophageal fistula due to a foreign body. PMID- 3502096 TI - Injection therapy for nonvariceal hemorrhage. PMID- 3502097 TI - [Electrophoretic mobility of peripheral T- and B-lymphocytes in chronic lympholeukemia patients]. PMID- 3502099 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of research on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 3502098 TI - [Clinical importance of determining lymphocyte differentiation antigens in aplastic anemia in children]. PMID- 3502100 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte population counts in cadaveric bone marrow]. PMID- 3502101 TI - The chloride conductance of intermediate fibres from frog muscles. AB - Sheets of muscle fibres dissected from surface portions of frog ileofibularis and semitendinosus muscles were soaked in solutions with elevated K and Cl concentrations. The KCl-loaded muscles were then bathed in low [Cl-] solutions, whereby the membrane potential became transiently inside positive. The repolarization of the twitch fibres from the tonus bundle ("intermediate fibres") was faster than that of the fibres adjacent to it ("fast fibres") when the preceding exposure to high KCl was brief (7-15 min), and it was slower than that of the fast fibres when KCl was applied for 4 hours. Measurements of the voltage displacement at constant current and of the current in a point voltage clamp showed that inwardly rectifying K channels were present in the membranes of both types of fibres. The ionic conductance ratio, gK/gCl, was 191/523 in fast fibres and 335/230 in "intermediate" fibres. The different repolarization rates may thus be explained by differences in the chloride conductance of the fast and intermediate fibre membranes. The smaller diameter of the latter fibres may be another factor. PMID- 3502102 TI - Retroviral mediated transfer and expression of human alpha 1-antitrypsin in cultured cells. AB - Genetic deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin in man is a predisposing factor to emphysema and a disorder potentially correctable by somatic gene therapy. A full length human alpha 1-antitrypsin cDNA was cloned into a retroviral vector and introduced into cells which package the recombinant gene in a retroviral capsule. Cells infected with the recombinant retrovirus express human alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA and protein. The recombinant protein is glycosylated, secreted and exhibits anti-protease activity against human neutrophil elastase. PMID- 3502103 TI - [Hemorrhage in the early puerperium in a carrier of the hemophilia B gene]. PMID- 3502104 TI - Application of interleukin 2 in neuroblastoma. PMID- 3502105 TI - Human B-cell growth and differentiation factors, and their effects on leukemic B cells. PMID- 3502107 TI - Membrane-microfilament interactions in the cells of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3502106 TI - Production of three monoclonal antibodies--A01, B05, and C11--against B-cell leukemia. PMID- 3502108 TI - Fractionation of CSF activities from human placental conditioned medium. PMID- 3502109 TI - The myc oncogene and lymphoid neoplasia: from translocations to transgenic mice. PMID- 3502110 TI - v-H-ras gene reduces IL-3 requirement in PB-3c mastocytes in vitro followed by autokrine tumor formation in vivo. PMID- 3502111 TI - A human leukemic T-cell line bears an abnormal and overexpressed c-myc gene: molecular and functional characterization of the rearrangement. PMID- 3502112 TI - Regulation of Ig gene expression in murine B-lymphocytes. PMID- 3502113 TI - Growth of the HTLV-III strain of human immunodeficiency virus in different cell types. PMID- 3502114 TI - Corticotropin releasing hormone. International workshop. Birkenstein/Fischbachau, February 1987. Proceedings. PMID- 3502115 TI - In pregnancy, corticotropin-releasing-factor in maternal blood and amniotic fluid correlates with the gestational age. AB - Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (IR-CRF) was measured in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid. Significant correlations between both IR-CRF levels in maternal plasma (p less than 0.001, n = 82, r = 0.458) and IR-CRF levels in amniotic fluid (p less than 0.001, n = 81, r = 0.424) and the gestational age were seen. We conclude that CRF may regulate the ACTH cortisol axis in the placenta-fetus unit. PMID- 3502116 TI - Radioimmunoassay of corticotropin-releasing hormone: methodology and clinical application. AB - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in the human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and those in the rat hypothalamus, peripheral and hypophyseal portal plasma were studied by a specific h/r CRH RIA and an immunoaffinity procedure. CRH levels in the plasma and CSF were low in patients with hypercortisolemia and those with hypothalamic hypopituitarism, but high in patients with hypocortisolemia except for patients with hypothalamic hypopituitarism. Plasma CRH responded to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (ITT) those with Addison's disease and those with primary hypopituitarism, but not in patients with Cushing's syndrome or in patients with hypothalamic hypopituitarism. The results suggest that the major component of plasma CRH may be of hypothalamic origin, but other extrahypothalamic tissues cannot be ruled out as minor sources of plasma CRH. In addition, the measurement of CRH levels in the plasma and CSF seems to be of value in evaluating the hypothalamic function. The short negative feedback mechanism regulating CRH release was demonstrated in humans and rats. In the absence of the long negative feedback control of ACTH secretion by glucocorticoids, ACTH originating from the pituitary may regulate ACTH secretion form the pituitary through inhibition of CRH release. PMID- 3502117 TI - C-kinase activity in normal B cells treated with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan strain I, and phorbol ester: response differences in a patient with prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Ca+2/phospholipid-dependent kinase (C-kinase) activity is intimately involved with the B-cell response after ligation of its mIg receptor. Here, we extend previous findings with anti-mIg by showing that polyclonal stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan strain I (SAC), could also translocate C-kinase from the cytosol of intact, normal human B lymphocytes. This stimulus could not, however, induce redistribution of enzyme in a prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) B cell population. Despite a normal density of mIg receptors on the latter cell type, PPL cells could not be stimulated to proliferate, express interleukin-2 (IL 2) receptors, and differentiate under the influence of SAC, even in the presence of exogenous IL-2. Normal B cells could respond appropriately to the same stimuli. PLL cells had a normal content of C-kinase activity and the enzyme could be translocated under the influence of the specific agonist, 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The same agent could induce cellular proliferation and differentiation in PLL cells, showing that its terminal C-kinase dependent pathways were intact. We conclude that the mIg receptor mechanism of this PLL population could not activate C-kinase appropriately. PMID- 3502118 TI - Differentiation of thymocytes during human ontogeny: stage-specific DNA ligase in relation to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, cell size and surface antigen. AB - The activities of two forms (7.5 and 5.5 S) of DNA ligase and of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) have been studied in human thymocytes at different ages from 20 weeks pre-natal to 37 years after birth. Thymocytes have been selected on the basis of relative size and antigenicity (CD3, OKT3 immunofluorescence) with the cell sorter. For DNA ligases, three kinds of cells can be distinguished: (i) large antigenically negative cells of 20-week fetus, expressing only the 7.5 S enzyme; (ii) large antigenically positive cells without ligase activity; (iii) smaller antigenically positive cells, expressing only the 5.5 S enzyme. This last form of enzyme is found after birth. With respect to TdT expressed in OKT3- 5 micron cells and to OKT3+ thymocytes, it is observed that 5.5 S DNA ligase is found in a thymocyte population distinct from cells expressing TdT. Therefore, these results allow us to consider the 5.5 S DNA ligase activity as an additional functional marker for thymocyte maturation in humans. PMID- 3502119 TI - Circulating T-cell populations during mercuric chloride-induced nephritis in the Brown Norway rat. AB - Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was used to study the peripheral lymphocyte populations during mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced autoimmune nephritis in the Brown Norway (BN) rat. Sequential studies showed a transient loss of T cells from peripheral blood attributable to decreases in the percentage of T-helper cells. In addition, there was a decrease in the percentage of T cytotoxic/suppressor cells prior to the appearance of circulating anti-GBM antibodies, followed by elevated levels of T-suppressor cells during down regulation of the response. This method may allow closer inspection of the events linking changes in T-cell populations and induction and termination of an autoimmune response. PMID- 3502120 TI - The role of autoantigen in autoimmunity. AB - Autoimmunity in disease is driven by autoantigen. Cell surface molecules may stimulate autoreactive T-helpers if class II MHC is expressed; special factors may predispose to the ease of class II induction. Soluble autoantigens may be focused by primed B cells and processed for presentation to T cells. Autoantigenicity may be influenced by metabolic events: (a) Poorly iodinated thyroglobulin does not induce thyroiditis, and (b) IgG in rheumatoid arthritis has galactose deficient Fc oligosaccharides. Glycosylation defects may prove to have wide implications. PMID- 3502121 TI - Idiotype regulation of self responses, autoantibody V regions and neonatal B cell repertoire. AB - The role of autoantibodies themselves in immune regulation is still unknown. There is evidence that some autoantibody idiotypes (Id) may play a regulatory role in physiologic and possibly pathologic situations of the immune system. Here we present evidence that (1) certain autoantibody Id modulate the immune response to self antigens (regulatory Id), and (2) that the neonatal preimmune repertoire is primarily devoted to self recognition. The humoral and cellular events following immunization with regulatory Id suggest an active participation of T cells in the regulatory events. Based on immunochemical, structural and molecular genetics analysis, it appears that this regulatory Id is of germline origin as it exists within the neonatal preimmune repertoire. B cell hybridomas generated from unstimulated splenocytes of neonatal mice are primarily self-reactive, suggesting that the immune system essentially begins as a self-recognizing system. The findings are discussed with regard to the relationship between germline repertoire, autoantibodies, and regulatory idiotypes. PMID- 3502122 TI - Cancer immunotherapy using local interleukin 2 administration. AB - Peri-tumoural administration of human recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) into C57BL/10ScSnPh (B10) mice carrying subcutaneous transplants of syngeneic methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced sarcomas substantially inhibited tumour growth. Experiments were designed to compare the tumour-inhibitory effect of highly purified RIL-2 with that of unpurified human and rat lymphoid interleukin-2 (IL 2) preparations. It was found that the effect of RIL-2 was significantly lower than that of the lymphoid IL-2 preparations. These findings indicate that other lymphokines may participate in the positive results of local IL-2 immunotherapy using unpurified lymphoid IL-2 preparations. However, the admixture of human recombinant interleukin-1 (RIL-1) did not potentiate the immunotherapeutic effects of RIL-2. Sensitivity of MC-induced sarcomas to local RIL-2 immunotherapy was a general phenomenon. The growth of approximately eighty percent (5/6) of the MC-induced sarcomas could be inhibited with local RIL-2 administration. Moreover, direct correlation between the sensitivity of tumours to the tumour-inhibitory effect of RIL-2 in vivo and their susceptibility to the cytolytic effect of RIL-2 activated syngeneic killer spleen (LAK) cells in vitro was observed. This correlation indicates that LAK cells represent the effector cell mechanism responsible for the anti-tumour efficacy of local RIL-2 immunotherapy and that in vitro testing of sensitivity to the LAK cell-mediated cytolysis may be used to detect tumours responding to the local RIL-2 immunotherapy in vivo. PMID- 3502123 TI - Human antinuclear autoantibodies crossreacting with the plasma membrane and the N terminal region of histone H2B. AB - A subset of human antinuclear autoantibodies (denoted X-ANA) with affinity for mononucleosomes crossreacts with an antigen in the plasma membrane of viable leukocytes. The nature of the nuclear antigen recognized by these antibodies was studied in detail. In immunoblot experiments, it was shown that X-ANA recognizes the core histone H2B, but not the other histones. By using synthetic peptides corresponding to different parts of the core histones as antigens in ELISA, it was shown that X-ANA reacts with the N-terminal residues 6-18 of H2B. The binding of X-ANA to the synthetic 6-18 H2B peptide used as solid-phase antigen in ELISA was inhibited by nucleosomes and by the 6-18 H2B peptide but not by free H2B. These observations agree with earlier suggestions that the N-terminal tail of H2B is located at the surface of the nucleosome and indicate that the native structure of monomeric H2B is different from its structure when complexed within the nucleosomes. PMID- 3502124 TI - Quantitation of T-macrophage binding avidity with and without antigen using a novel centrifugation assay. AB - The T cell-macrophage interaction, necessary for T cell activation, has nonspecific and specific components. Nonspecific T-macrophage interactions are mediated by surface glycoproteins such as LFA 1, 2 and 3, while specific interactions are mediated by the T3-Ti complex on the T cell and antigen plus Ia molecules on the macrophage. To determine the relative contributions of specific antigen to the total avidity of T-macrophage binding we adapted a novel assay capable of providing quantitative estimations of the avidity of cell-cell interactions. Using this assay we determined the avidity of a cloned CD4+ antigen specific T cell line for autologous macrophages with and without antigen. The presence of specific antigen increased binding avidity by approximately 25%. This assay should prove useful in further characterizing the avidity of T-macrophage interactions. PMID- 3502125 TI - Immunophenotype alteration in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at relapse. PMID- 3502126 TI - Thiazide-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report. PMID- 3502127 TI - Identification of a flunixin metabolite in the horse by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The main metabolite of flunixin, a hydroxylated product, has been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy in equine urine and plasma. The method also permits the qualitative monitoring of the urinary elimination of the drug and its metabolite. The two products are detected up to 175 and 54 h, respectively, after a single intravenous administration at the dose of 1 mg/kg. Simultaneous detection of the two compounds increases the reliability of anti-doping control analysis. PMID- 3502128 TI - The serum amyloid A stimulating factor (SAASF) in the hamster. AB - The acute phase SAA response was studied in hamsters. An SAA-stimulating factor (SAASF) was detected in the early acute phase blood plasma of hamsters which were subcutaneously injected with casein-LPS. The latter is routinely used in our laboratory for amyloid induction in hamsters. Acute (4 h) inflammatory exudates (greater than 80 per cent polymorphonuclear leukocytes) were produced by intraperitoneal injection with either casein-LPS, latex or Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Chronic inflammatory exudate macrophages (greater than 98 per cent) were elicited by intraperitoneal injection with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG). Cells were stimulated in vitro with latex. SAASF was detected in the supernates and lysates of the acute exudate cells but not in those of the chronic peritoneal exudate macrophages. Lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), however, was evidently present in the latter samples, indicating that SAASF and LAF (IL-1) are functionally different substances in hamsters. PMID- 3502129 TI - [Evaluation of the desaturated Panel D-15. II: Comparison between the desaturated Panel D-15 and Farnsworth 100-hue tests]. AB - The color vision was examined in 319 subjects in a comparative manner by means of the desatured Panel D-15 and Farnsworth 100-hue test used as reference test. The results expressed by scoring, were as follows: 1) a strong correlation (r = 0.80) was evidenced between the 2 tests; 2) the probable scores of the desaturated Panel D-15 were predicted from the 100-hue scores, by means of a suitable regression equation; thus allowing the calculation of norms of the desaturated Panel D-15 by reference to the well-established norms according to age of the 100 hue test; 3) the normal or pathological character of the scores of the desaturated Panel D-15 was infered from these norms, and was in good agreement with the scores of 100-hue test (K = 0.68); 4) the normal or pathological character of the qualitative patterns of the desaturated Panel D-15 was also infered from the scores; so: the minor errors were normal from 30 years old patients; a single diametral error is normal; 3 or 4 diametral errors are normal from 65 years old patients. PMID- 3502130 TI - [T-lymphocyte subsets in 20 cases of uveitis of various type]. AB - Lymphocyte T subsets are determined by system OKT in 20 patients with various types of uveitis (Behcet disease 8, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease 5, anterior uveitis 4, Kirisawa type uveitis 1, uveitis associated with Psoriasis vulgaris 1, undetermined type uveitis 1). Augmentation of OKT 8+ (p less than 0.05) associated with reduction of OKT 4+/OKT 8+ was found as compared with normal individuals. Diminution of OKT 4+/OKT 8+ (p less than 0.05) was noted in 5 patients with Behcet disease in association with augmentation of OKT 8+ (p less than 0.005). In Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease there is augmentation of OKT 8+ (p less than 0.05) which is, however, not so marked as in Behcet disease. On the contrary anterior uveitis was characterized by a remarkable rise in OKT 4+/OKT 8+. PMID- 3502131 TI - Difference in luteal and placental P450(17) alpha: substrate preference and hormonal regulation in the rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the substrate specificity of P450(17) alpha in both the corpus luteum and placenta of pregnant rats, and to analyse the site at which LH/human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) regulates the activities of this enzyme. To distinguish the substrate preference, placentas and corpora lutea were obtained from rats on day 15 of pregnancy. Tissues were homogenized and the 10,000 g supernatants incubated in the presence of equimolar concentrations of [14C]progesterone and [3H]17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as substrate with either NADH or NADPH as cofactors for 2, 8, 16 and 24 min. The labelling pattern of both 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone indicated that the corpus luteum produced testosterone preferentially from progesterone, whereas the placenta principally used 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and synthesized six times as much testosterone from 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone than from progesterone. Addition of either NADPH or NADH as cofactors had no effect on substrate preference. The products of the two enzymatic activities were identified by recrystallization to constant 14C/3H ratios. The ratio of 14C/3H in testosterone produced by the corpus luteum was 16-fold higher than in that produced by the placenta. To explore which of the two activities of P450(17) alpha is regulated by the gonadotrophin, rats were treated with either 1.5 IU hCG or vehicle between days 13 and 15 of pregnancy. Hydroxylase and lyase activities were determined on day 15 after incubation for 2, 8, 16 or 24 min in the presence of either NADH or NADPH. Administration of hCG significantly inhibited NADH-dependent 17 alpha hydroxylase in the placenta at each time-point studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502132 TI - A direct action of human calcitonin gene-related peptide on isolated osteoclasts. AB - The calcitonin gene encodes a small family of peptides: calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and katacalcin. Whereas calcitonin is concerned with skeletal maintenance, the function, if any, of katacalcin is still unknown. In the present study we have assessed resorption of human cortical bone substrate by isolated rat osteoclasts and have shown that CGRP acts directly on the osteoclast to inhibit bone resorption. The three CGRP peptides (rat, human(alpha) and human(beta) caused an almost equivalent decrease in osteoclastic bone resorption and were approximately 1000-fold less potent than human calcitonin in this respect. The responses of human calcitonin and human CGRP(alpha) were additive. Furthermore, prior treatment with trypsin to destroy receptors abolished the responsiveness of osteoclasts to CGRP and calcitonin. The carboxyl- and amino terminal fragments of CGRP were found not to inhibit bone resorption, suggesting that the whole molecule of CGRP is necessary for biological activity. We have therefore suggested that the calcitonin-like effects of CGRP, seen both in vivo in the rat bioassay and in vitro in organ cultures, are due to the direct action of CGRP on the osteoclast, probably mediated through the calcitonin receptor. Though it is unlikely that CGRP is involved in the regulation of plasma calcium, the peptide may be an important local regulator of bone cell function. PMID- 3502133 TI - Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection in US Army soldiers in Europe. AB - Cross-sectional and case-control studies were conducted in a US Army unit which had experienced a protracted outbreak of viral hepatitis. Serological, demographic, and exposure data were collected. The cross-sectional study found that there was no association between the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and ethnicity, education, and rank. There was an association with age and duration of assignment to the unit. Having social contact with an identified hepatitis patient and the sharing of personal hygiene items with a case were significant risk factors for HBV infection. Through the use of anonymous questionnaires, the case-control study evaluated various behavioural factors. Univariate analysis indicated moderate but not significant increases in risk associated with a history of multiple sex partners and a history of disciplinary problems while in the military. Six drug-use related risk factors were significantly associated with HBV infection on univariate analysis. When evaluated with multivariate analysis, the only risk factor that was significantly associated with HBV infection was injection of drugs while assigned to the study unit. Two sources of misclassification bias were identified, both of which acted to underestimate the true risk associated with identified risk factors. PMID- 3502134 TI - Eleven-year results of coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3502135 TI - An autopsy-proved AIDS patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 3502137 TI - An alpha-amylase inhibitor from cranberry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): its specificity in inhibition of mammalian pancreatic alpha-amylases and formation of a complex with the porcine enzyme. AB - A proteinaceous inhibitor that inhibits mammalian alpha-amylases was prepared from cranberry bean and examined for its reactivity with alpha-amylases from various origins. The cranberry bean alpha-amylase inhibitor (CBAI) exhibited inhibitory effects on pancreatic alpha-amylases from the following mammals: pig, dog, cat, horse, sheep, cow, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, and mouse. CBAI showed a maximal inhibition at pH 5.5 against porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA). It was confirmed by gel filtration that a complex was formed in the 1:1 ratio between CBAI and PPA when they were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min at pH 5.5. A similar inhibition pattern was also observed at pH 6.9 that is optimal for the amylase reaction, but much higher concentrations of CABI were required to give 50% inhibition at pH 6.9 than at pH 5.5. Especially, both bovine and rat alpha-amylases were virtually unreactive to CBAI at pH 6.9. PMID- 3502136 TI - Haemagglutination and tissue culture adhesion of Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Six strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were studied to examine the adhesin-receptor mechanism involved in their attachment to human red blood cells and an epithelial tissue culture cell line (McCoy). The adhesins involved in the attachment of the bacteria to each of these cells were proteinaceous but showed marked differences after various chemical or physical treatments, indicating that separate adhesins were present. Haemagglutinating strains were more hydrophobic than tissue-culture adherent strains. Haemagglutination of human red blood cells by strains of G. vaginalis was inhibited by galactose, lactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and phosphatidylserine. In contrast, the tissue-culture adherence of strains was not inhibited by these substances. PMID- 3502138 TI - Peripheral vascular effects of ketanserin and nifedipine during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Ketanserin, a selective S2-serotonergic receptor antagonist with alpha 1 adrenergic receptor-blocking properties, as well as nifedipine, a classic calcium channel blocker, is used as an antihypertensive agent during and following cardiac surgery. In a double-blind prospective study, using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass as a study model, ketanserin (10 mg i.v.) and nifedipine (2 mg i.v.) were evaluated with respect to their effects on the peripheral circulation. The results showed that ketanserin and nifedipine dilate the arterial side of the vasculature, but that ketanserin, unlike nifedipine, also dilates the venous capacitance vessels; nifedipine even caused a short-lasting venous vasoconstriction. Since venous tone is increased during and following cardiopulmonary bypass, antihypertensive treatment with ketanserin might be advantageous under these circumstances. PMID- 3502139 TI - Heavy marijuana users not in treatment: the continuing search for the "pure" marijuana user. PMID- 3502140 TI - Oral manifestations of drug abuse. PMID- 3502141 TI - Fever induced in rabbits by intraventricular injection of rabbit and human serum albumin. AB - 1. Intraventricular injection of rabbit and human serum albumin, and rabbit endogenous pyrogen produced dose-dependent fevers in rabbits. The pyrogenicity of albumin was less than one-twentieth of the pyrogenicity of endogenous pyrogen. 2. Fevers induced by ventricular albumin were significantly suppressed by intraventricular injection of indomethacin which is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In contrast, subcutaneous injection had no effect. 3. Ventricular endogenous pyrogen induced several of the acute phase responses, i.e. decreases in the plasma concentration of iron and zinc, and increases in both the plasma concentration of copper and the white blood cell count. Albumin induced none of these responses. 4. It is concluded that fever induced by ventricular albumin is processed by prostaglandins synthesized within the central nervous system. However, ventricular albumin does not activate the central mechanism to induce acute phase responses. PMID- 3502142 TI - The extensibility of Aplysia nerve and the determination of true axon length. AB - 1. Characteristics of Aplysia nerves in response to extension were examined in comparison with nerves of the cat, frog and lobster. 2. Only the Aplysia nerve was easily elongated up to about 5 times its resting or relaxing length without impairing propagation of the action potential along the axon in the nerve. 3. The conduction velocity along the elongated nerve increased linearly in proportion to the nerve length in the range from the relaxing length to about 1.2-1.5 times extension (the first phase). However, upon further extension it stayed constant regardless of the nerve length (the second phase). 4. In the relaxed nerve bundle the course of the axons was zigzagging and the axon membrane had numerous foldings or wrinklings. 5. The true length of the zigzagging axon was measured by analysing the length of intra-axonal diffusion following intracellular injection of radioactive acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) whose diffusion kinetics in the axoplasm have been studied in detail (Koike & Nagata, 1979). The length of the axon coincided with the nerve length at which the first phase shifted to the second phase. 6. Cat and frog nerves shrank after dissecting out from the body. When extended, they showed the first phase from the shortened length to their original length in the body. These nerves lacked the second phase. The lobster nerve did not shrink and lacked both phases. 7. Thus the zigzagging course of the axon is suggested to be responsible for the first phase during which the axon length did not change but took a straight course upon nerve extension. 8. On the other hand, the second phase appears to be caused by actual extension of the axon itself and could be explained by reduction of the wrinklings of the membrane. PMID- 3502143 TI - Calcium-activated chloride current in cultured sensory and parasympathetic quail neurones. AB - 1. Sensory (trigeminal and dorsal root) and autonomic (ciliary) ganglia from embryonic quail were dissociated and the neurones were grown in tissue culture. 2. Intracellular recordings were made in voltage clamp using patch electrodes and the whole-cell recording technique. In order to investigate a calcium-activated chloride current, the sodium and potassium currents were blocked. 3. Depolarizing voltage steps from a holding potential of -100 mV to a test potential of +20 mV triggered an early inward and a delayed outward current. The latter persisted as a long-lasting inward tail current when the membrane was depolarized to -100 mV. 4. These currents were all blocked by extracellular cobalt suggesting that they were calcium dependent. During a test depolarization to +20 mV, in the presence of intracellular EGTA (20 mM), the inward current persisted but the outward current was suppressed. EGTA (20 mM) also suppressed the long-lasting inward tail current at -100 mV. This suggested the presence of a calcium-activated current. 5. The reversal potential of the calcium-activated current was near the equilibrium potential for chloride ions and was shifted as predicted by the Nernst equation when the extracellular chloride concentration was changed. 6. The calcium-activated current was partially blocked by adding 4-acetamido-4' isothiocyanatostilbene-disulphonic acid (SITS) at a concentration of 1 mM to the external superfusion medium. This effect of a compound known to interfere with chloride channels together with the results of point (5) suggested the existence of a calcium-activated chloride current (ICl(Ca)). 7. ICl(Ca) could be activated by transient and sustained components of the calcium current present in the cultured neurones. 8. ICl(Ca) was present in 80% of the sensory neurones but only in 10% of the parasympathetic neurones. PMID- 3502145 TI - [Mechanism of analgesia produced by acupuncture]. PMID- 3502144 TI - Kinetic properties of the pentobarbitone-gated chloride current in frog sensory neurones. AB - 1. The kinetic properties of the activation and inactivation (desensitization) phases of pentobarbitone (PB)-induced inward Cl- current (ICl) were studied in isolated frog sensory neurones, following suppression of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ currents, using the concentration jump technique which combines the internal perfusion and the rapid exchange of the external solutions surrounding a neurone with time constants of 2-3 ms. The results were compared with those of the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated ICl. 2. The PB dose-response curve was bell-shaped and the maximum peak value was less than the current induced by 1.7 X 1.5(-5) M GABA, the concentration at which GABA evoked a half-maximum response. 3. The activation and inactivation phases of PB-induced ICl consisted of double exponential, fast and slow components, respectively. The time constant of the fast component (tau af) of the activation was relatively stable in a concentration range between 3 X 10(-4) and 6 X 10(-3) M. The time constant of the slow component (tau as) of the activation decreased with increasing PB concentrations. Both the fast and slow components (tau if and tau is) of the inactivation decreased with increasing PB concentrations. 4. Over a wide range of concentrations the tau af and tau as values of the PB-induced ICl were 10-30 times greater than the respective values of GABA-induced ICl. 5. At concentrations below 10(-3) M the PB-induced ICl was voltage dependent at more negative potentials than -20 mV. 6. The PB-induced ICl was blocked by bicuculline and by picrotoxin, but in a different manner. Bicuculline increased the time constants of the activation and inactivation. Picrotoxin had little effect on the activation phase but markedly facilitated the inactivation phase. 7. High concentrations of PB (over 10(-3) M) led to a decline in both the peak and plateau currents of the PB-induced ICl. A transient 'hump' current appeared with wash-out of the external solutions containing high concentrations of PB. This hump current was blocked by bicuculline in a dose-dependent manner. 8. The results suggest the possibilities that the PB receptor-ionophore complexes consist of at least two different components having different affinities and kinetics and that the PB and GABA binding sites are closely located. PMID- 3502146 TI - [Growth factors and inhibitors for Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the supernatants of mouse trachea and lung homogenates]. PMID- 3502147 TI - [Stimulation of human T lymphocyte colony formation by cefbuperazone and other beta-lactam antibiotics]. PMID- 3502148 TI - A case with spasm of a saphenous vein graft. AB - A 54-year-old man developed angina pectoris 18 months after a successful aortocoronary bypass graft. The angiogram demonstrated patent grafts and no significant changes in the native coronary vessels. However, ergonovine maleate provoked spasm in a saphenous vein graft. PMID- 3502149 TI - [Progress in endocrine function tests. Corticotropin-releasing hormone test]. PMID- 3502150 TI - [Application of a molecular biology method to the diagnosis of leukemia]. PMID- 3502151 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)]. PMID- 3502152 TI - [The measurement of IgG class circulating immune complexes in liver diseases using F(ab')2 anti C3 ELISA]. PMID- 3502153 TI - [Varices of the superior mesenteric venous system: duplication of the superior mesenteric vein]. PMID- 3502154 TI - [Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by activated T cells in Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 3502155 TI - [Analysis of inflammatory cells detected by monoclonal antibodies in tuberculous granulomas]. PMID- 3502156 TI - [Prognostic significance of P-wave changes in various forms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 3502157 TI - [Initial experience in using synchronized retroperfusion of the coronary sinus with oxygenated autologous blood]. PMID- 3502158 TI - [Substantiation of using pancreatic galvanization in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 3502159 TI - [A rare cause of profuse gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the early postoperative period]. PMID- 3502160 TI - [Exostotic chondrodysplasia]. PMID- 3502162 TI - Acupuncture treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia. PMID- 3502161 TI - [Clinico-immunologic heterogeneity in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 3502163 TI - On the therapeutic efficacy of thermo-electric acupuncture in 55 cases of kraurosis vulvae. PMID- 3502164 TI - Effects of acupuncture and intravenous anesthesia on cardiovascular function. PMID- 3502165 TI - Immune proteins, cell interactions and immunoregulatory hormones: lymph versus blood. PMID- 3502166 TI - Differential effects of ether lipids on the activity and secretion of interleukin 1 and interleukin-2. AB - Alkyl lysophospholipids (ALP) are synthetic analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine and represent a new generation of antitumor drugs currently being tested in phase I trials in patients with cancer. The present study reports the differential modulation of human immunocompetent cells in vitro by ALP. Serum-bound ALP effectively blocked the response of growth factor-dependent cells to interleukin 2 (IL-2), inhibited the cellular production and release of IL-2 and suppressed the comitogenic effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on mouse thymocytes. In contrast, ALP-primed, monocyte-derived macrophages (MO) lost their ability to release IL-1 in response to stimuli like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during terminal maturation from monocytes. Supernatants from ALP-primed, LPS-induced MO possessed costimulatory as well as direct mitogenic activity. Neither ALP alone nor ALP conditioned MO supernatants stimulated mouse thymocytes. Priming of MO by ET-18 OH, an ALP molecule not substituted in the sn-2 position, occurred at concentrations 4- to 16-fold higher than the most active compounds ET-18-OCH3 and the thioether analogue BM 41.440. ALP also primed MO for subsequent activation of tumor cytotoxicity by LPS and interferon-gamma. IL-1 has multiple biological activities in common with ALP, and it may mediate antitumor activity and other ALP effects in vivo. The ability of ALP to induce differential immunomodulation, as demonstrated in this study, may make ALP worthy of study for the therapy of both autoimmune and neoplastic disease. PMID- 3502167 TI - Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of alkyl lysophospholipids in mice. AB - This paper describes the immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the alkyl lysophospholipids [ALP; 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18 OCH3)]. ALP was able to activate macrophages both in vitro and in vivo as well as to act as an immunoadjuvant for syngeneic tumor vaccines. However, ALP appeared to be transferred, at least in part, to the macrophage membrane, and some of the tumoricidal macrophage-activating properties seem to be associated with the direct cytotoxic effect of membrane-released ALP. ALP also had some therapeutic activity for experimental and spontaneous metastases, requiring administration three but not two times weekly at near-toxic doses; this suggests that at least some of its therapeutic activity is due to direct cytotoxicity. PMID- 3502168 TI - Prevalence of the antibody to influenza C virus in a northern Luzon Highland Village, Philippines. AB - A total of 101 serum samples were collected from the persons (1 to 85 years of age) living in a Philippine mountain village where the contact with other communities has largely been restricted. These sera were tested for the presence of antibody to influenza C virus with hemagglutination-inhibition and radioimmuno precipitation tests. The results showed that all the subjects, including the persons who had never been outside the village, contained the antibody to the surface glycoprotein of the virus, and that the age of acquisition of the antibody was significantly lower in this village than in any of the previously studied communities. Thus it appeared that infection with influenza C virus was prevalent even in this small mountain village, presumably with a higher incidence than in the larger, industrialized communities. PMID- 3502169 TI - Augmentation of antileukemia lytic activity by OKT3 monoclonal antibody: synergism of OKT3 and interleukin-2. AB - We have shown that short-term incubation (45 min) of peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors with OKT3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb), directed against T-cell associated antigen CD3, resulted in an acquisition of lytic activity against fresh leukemic cells. Induction of such antileukemia activity was specific for OKT3, since Leu-1 MoAb (directed against another T cell surface molecule, CD5) did not induce a lytic effect. The OKT3-generated antileukemia effect was displayed against various types of leukemia including chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia of various histological subtypes (M1, M2, M5). We furthermore demonstrated that OKT3 MoAb substantially enhanced leukemia killing by interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated killer cells obtained from peripheral blood of patients with leukemia. Of most importance was the observation that the combined treatment of effector cells with IL-2 and OKT3 MoAb resulted in the highest levels of lysis of both autologous and allogeneic fresh leukemic cells that have been observed in leukemic patients to date. Of importance was to note that OKT3 treatment was effective in induction of cytotoxic activity also in patients whose effector cells were unresponsive to stimulation with IL-2 alone. All of these observations suggest that IL-2-activated and OKT3-MoAb-treated effector cells may represent the most aggressive population of antileukemia directed killer cells and may play a significant role in the treatment of human leukemia. PMID- 3502170 TI - Large granular lymphocytes are central cells in the interleukin-2-dependent differentiation pathway of natural killer cells. AB - Peripheral blood low-density cells were sorted, with respect to their ability to accumulate the lysosomotropic agent mepacrine (Mep), into lysosome-rich (Mep+) and lysosome-poor (Mep-) cell populations. Cells of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology and phenotype were found in the Mep+ but not in the Mep- cell population. The latter cells lacked any natural killer (NK) activity. Cultures of the Mep- cells resulted in the appearance of cells showing K-562 lytic activity, LGL morphology and CD16 and/or Leu-7 positivity. This process was facilitated by the supplementation of the culture with recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Mep+ cells retested after 7 days of culture showed a decline in the fraction of granular (LGL and Mep+) cells. This decrease was less pronounced but also seen in rIL-2-supplemented cultures. In spite of the lower number of typical LGL, Mep+ cells cultured with rIL-2 were mostly large but scarcely granular; rIL-2 activated K-562 killing (rIL-2 AK) of originally Mep+ cells was much higher than K-562 lytic activity of these cells at the beginning of the culture, and as compared to rIL-2 AK of Mep- cells. From this finding it is apparent that the most active rIL-2 AK cells originate from low-density granular (Mep+) cells (LGL) and, therefore, we propose to call them 'giant' NK cells. Furthermore, in the presence of rIL-2, LGL differentiate from agranular (Mep-) low-density cells. In view of these data, LGL appear to be resting cells on the differentiation pathway of NK cells. PMID- 3502171 TI - Chemotherapy subsequent to recombinant interleukin-2 immunotherapy: protocol for enhanced tumoricidal activity. AB - Pretreatment or concurrent use of an immune augmentation substance with a cytotoxic agent could lead to synergistic tumor reduction by drug and immunomodulating agents (i.e. through improvement of in vivo immune function). Our objective in this study was to determine whether the combination of pretreatment with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) followed by chemotherapy (adriamycin) would be a more effective treatment using the Madison 109 malignant tumor model than either drug alone or IL-2 alone. Our results demonstrate that the immune cytolytic function associated with drug treatment is enhanced with pretreatment of IL-2 prior to administration of chemotherapy over a course of several days to animals which have had previously implanted tumor. This combination appears to be a more effective approach than IL-2 or chemotherapy alone. PMID- 3502172 TI - [Methods of electrostimulation therapy in ophthalmology]. PMID- 3502173 TI - Reduction of inflammation following cataract surgery by the nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen. AB - In this double-masked clinical trial, 72 patients undergoing cataract extraction surgery received a topical loading dose of 0.03% flurbiprofen or vehicle before surgery and one drop four times daily for 2 weeks after surgery. The severity of conjunctival hyperemia, aqueous humor cells, and aqueous humor flare was lower in the flurbiprofen-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group at all follow-up visits; the differences were significant on day 14. Four patients treated with flurbiprofen and two treated with vehicle exhibited postoperative hyphemas. Treatment with flurbiprofen appeared to decrease the severity of inflammation following cataract extraction surgery. PMID- 3502174 TI - The use of electronarcosis as anaesthetic in the cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). I. General experimental procedures and the role of fish length on the narcotizing effects of electric currents. AB - Procedures to narcotize fish by means of alternating or direct electrical currents are described and a method of evaluating the narcotic effects on fish of electrical currents is detailed. The role of fish length on the narcotizing potential of electrical currents was investigated. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between fish length and the duration of narcosis. PMID- 3502175 TI - [Usefulness of computerized tomography in the evaluation of the location and extent of changes in head tumors in children]. PMID- 3502176 TI - [Value of vitamin C in the prevention of rickets]. PMID- 3502177 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulation count in children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 3502178 TI - [Ecchymotic cellulitis in infants: consider Haemophilus influenzae]. AB - Three cases of ecchymotic cellulitis in 7 to 11 month old infants are reported. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from blood in two cases. Ecchymotic cellulitis in infants should, in the first place, evoke an Haemophilus influenzae infection. Bacteremia being frequent in this condition, blood cultures should be performed. PMID- 3502179 TI - [Immunologic function in children with recurrent respiratory infections evaluated in a state of well-being]. AB - The purpose of the study is to analise the immunological function of children suffering from RRI long after the last episode in order to evaluate whether the immunological abnormalities reported by several authors have to be considered implicated in the pathogenesis or the mere consequence of recurrent infections. 65 children who had been suffering from RRI in the previous winter (s) have been studied during the wellbeing condition of the following summer season. A defective T cell function was no longer found; the study of humoral immunity showed low values of IgA even though no child had an IgA selective deficiency (IgA below 5 mg% ml). These data suggest that T cell defective function has to be considered mainly secondary to infections. It is conceivable that in these children the recovery of T cell function is impaired by viral infections and is somewhat slower. On the other hand low values of IgA have been detected in a higher percentage with respect to the general population and could be considered typically associated with the RRI syndrome in children. PMID- 3502180 TI - [Immunologic disorders in uremia]. PMID- 3502181 TI - Intraventricular haemorrhage complicating a brain abscess. AB - Intraventricular haemorrhage occurred in a patient with a parietal rim-enhancing mass on computed tomographic scan. At operation a brain abscess was identified and removed. Peptostreptococcus and fusobacterium were isolated, possibly of dental origin. The possible sources of this intracranial bleeding are discussed. A neoplasm should not always be considered in the case of a cerebral ring enhancing mass complicated with intracranial bleeding; in selected cases, brain abscess should be excluded too. PMID- 3502182 TI - Pregnancy and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - A 29 year old patient with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and bullous emphysema became pregnant against the advice of her physicians. Despite a mid-trimester pneumothorax requiring the insertion of a chest tube, she went on to deliver a healthy child under epidural anaesthesia using a midforceps technique. Vaginal delivery is not necessarily contra-indicated in multiparous patients with bullous emphysema. PMID- 3502183 TI - [Contingents of children in children's tuberculosis sanatoriums]. PMID- 3502184 TI - [Tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents]. PMID- 3502185 TI - [Status of medical utilization of positron emission tomography]. PMID- 3502186 TI - [Methodologic prerequisites for quantitative topographic detection of key functions of normal and disordered brain activity in an animal experiment]. PMID- 3502187 TI - [Structure and function of B cell growth factors]. PMID- 3502188 TI - [Clinical evaluation of herpes zoster in old age]. PMID- 3502189 TI - [The role of environmental factors in the etiology of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3502190 TI - [A new parametric image using dynamic SPECT with inhaled 133Xe]. AB - As a new parametric image of cerebral lesions, a map of the ratio between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the 2nd image of a series of dynamic images was proposed and tested. Three classes (poor, mild and well) were defined based on the degree of coupling between the rCBF and the new parametric image of the affected lesion. In 16 patients with cerebral infarction, those in the acute stage (within 1 week after onset) were found to belong to the poor coupling group, and the subacute group (1 to 4 weeks) showed mild coupling. In the chronic group (over 4 weeks), well coupling was observed. All patients of TIA fell into the mild coupling group. In a stimulation study with 5% CO2 mixed air, all of the well or mild-coupled lesions changed to uncoupled. These clinical findings demonstrate the characteristics of the new proposed image. PMID- 3502191 TI - Disturbances of IgA immune regulation in lymphocytes from mucosae and peripheral blood in patients with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3502193 TI - Studies on IgA antiglobulins in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3502192 TI - Immunological studies in familial and sporadic IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3502194 TI - Immunogenetic markers as prognostic features in patients from Kentucky with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 3502196 TI - Effect of sucralfate on gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion and mucosal prostaglandin E2 metabolism. AB - The effect of sucralfate on gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion has been examined using isolated amphibian mucosa. Significant increases in gastric bicarbonate secretory rate were seen following addition of 0.5 milligram sucralfate to the luminal solution. Duodenal alkali secretion was stimulated only by a higher concentration of 1 milligram. Pretreatment with indomethacin prevented the increases in gastric and duodenal bicarbonate secretion observed after sucralfate. Other experiments indicated that sucralfate caused stimulation of prostaglandin E2 formation by mucosal homogenates. These studies demonstrate that sucralfate is a potent stimulant of gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion and that the action is dependent on mucosal prostaglandin formation. These effects are likely to play an important role in the mode of action of the drug. PMID- 3502195 TI - Lymphoblastic lymphoma accompanied by pleural exudate with epithelioid follicles. PMID- 3502198 TI - Shortening of bleeding time by 1-deamino-8-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in the absence of platelet von Willebrand factor in Gray platelet syndrome. AB - The Gray platelet syndrome is a rare disorder characterised by the absence of platelet alpha-granules and their contents. We describe a new patient and the effects of infusions of 1-deamino-8-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). The patient had a prolonged skin bleeding time and his platelets had reduced numbers of alpha granules, increased vacuolation and reduced retention on glass beads. Platelet von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) was undetectable and levels of platelet fibrinogen, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and thrombospondin were reduced. All tests of plasma coagulation factors were normal, including Factor VIII (F.VIII:C), vWf:Ag, ristocetin cofactor (R:CoF) and botrocetin cofactor. Platelet ATP, ADP, platelet albumin, surface membrane glycoproteins and 14C serotonin uptake were also normal. Infusions of DDAVP increased plasma F.VIII:C, vWf:Ag and R:CoF and shortened the bleeding time on two occasions. This suggests that DDAVP shortens the bleeding time by releasing vWf:Ag and/or other proteins from cellular storage sites other than the platelet. PMID- 3502197 TI - [Use of taktivin and levamisole in the combined treatment of diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 3502199 TI - Acquired von Willebrand's disease in hypothyroidism. PMID- 3502200 TI - Calibration of lyophilized standards for ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) requires vWF-deficient plasma as diluent for dose response curves. AB - Calibration of local standards for ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand's factor (vWF:Rcof) against reference preparations is required to achieve a better standardization of this measurement. We have observed that in calibration assays (multiple line parallel bioassay) for vWF:Rcof, measured aggregometrically, the type of diluent used to obtain the dose-response curves exerted a critical influence on the final potency estimation when a fresh-frozen plasma against a lyophilized standard or two lyophilized preparations were to be compared. This pattern was observed with various commercial standards and also with the First International Reference Preparation for Factor VIII-Related Activities in Plasma. The choice of diluent was not relevant if two fresh-frozen plasma preparations were to be calibrated. Systematic experiments using as diluents Tris-saline, Tris-buffered-albumin solution or vWF-deficient plasma (vW plasma) showed that the ratio lyophilized/fresh-frozen preparations was invariably lower with albumin solution than with vW-plasma. Tris-saline partially corrected this discrepancy, but yielded less precise estimates. Preliminary results with cryosupernatant-plasma seems to indicate that this material is a valid substitute for vW-plasma, but confirmatory experiments are required. For the moment, plasma obtained from patients with severe type III vW-disease should be considered the "ideal" diluent for calibration assays involving lyophilized preparations. PMID- 3502201 TI - A new sensitive assay for bovine activated factor XI (factor XIa) using a reconstituted coagulation cascade system. AB - A sensitive assay for quantitating bovine activated Factor XI (Factor XIa) in vitro was developed by measuring the amidolytic activity of thrombin generated in a mixture of Factors XIa, IX and X and prothrombin prepared from bovine source and washed bovine platelets. In this system, the rate of thrombin generation increased linearly with increasing amounts (fmoles) of Factor XIa. The assay system for Factor XIa was not significantly affected by the presence of plasma kallikrein, Factor XIIa, high-molecular-weight kininogen, amylose sulfate or sulfatide within the range of the amounts used for surface-mediated activation of Factor XII, prekallikrein and Factor XI. Following surface-mediated activation of Factor XI, further generation of Factor XIa was blocked by adding freeze-thawed platelets that contain cationic proteins which bind to negatively-charged surfaces (J. Biochem. 97, 139-151, 1985). The method is useful to the kinetic analysis of the surface-mediated activation of Factors XII and XI, although it is not applicable to the activation in plasma. PMID- 3502203 TI - Host serum protein levels in cysts of human hydatidosis. AB - 8 proteins (albumin, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3c, C4, orosomucoid and alpha 1 antitrypsin) were determined by laser immunonephelometry in hydatid cyst fluid from cysts and sera from 16 patients. The cystic level of albumin was 34.5 +/- SD 59.1 micrograms/ml (range 3.6-85); of IgG 12.9 +/- 18.7 micrograms/ml (1.9-75); of IgM 10.5 +/- 10.4 micrograms/ml (3-37); and of IgA 7.2 +/- 3.5 micrograms/ml (4 19.7). The 4 other proteins represented a smaller fraction: C3c, 0.9 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml (0.5-2.5); C4, 1.3 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml (0.5-3.5); orosomucoid, 2.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml (1.4-9.2); and alpha 1-antitrypsin, 5 +/- 4.5 micrograms/ml (2-19). These 8 host proteins constituted 24.6 +/- 24.5% (2.4-76) of the total hydatid cyst fluid proteins (343.7 +/- 172.1 micrograms/ml, range 180-900). The albumin/IgG ration of 3 +/- 2.8 (0.4-10.8) in hydatid cyst fluid was more variable than that in sera, 2 +/- 0.5 (1.2-2.7). PMID- 3502204 TI - [Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by a splenic hematoma with perforation into the stomach and descending colon]. PMID- 3502202 TI - Late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency: reliable diagnosis by steroid analysis of random urine collections. AB - The feasibility of performing steroid analysis by capillary gas chromatography on random urine samples for the detection of mild late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency was evaluated. Comparisons were made of basal excretions of androgen and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone metabolites with plasma levels (basal and stimulated) of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone in six patients with the disorder. The following steroid metabolite excretion ratios were determined for normal controls and affected individuals. 1) 17 alpha hydroxypregnanolone/tetrahydrocortisone + tetrahydrocortisol + 5 alpha tetrahydrocortisol (cortisol metabolites) (normal 0.017-0.10, affected 0.17 0.42); 2) pregnanetriol/cortisol metabolites (normal 0.03-0.15, affected 0.17 0.99); 3) pregnanetriolone/cortisol metabolites (normal 0.02-0.014, affected 0.08 0.20); 4) androsterone + etiocholanolone/cortisol metabolites (normal 0.26-1.02, affected 0.34-1.47). Among the 21-deoxy steroid ratios, there was no overlap between affected and unaffected individuals. Two of six affected individuals had androsterone + etiocholanolone/cortisol metabolite ratios in the normal range. This method provides excellent discrimination between normal and affected individuals, precluding the need for an ACTH-stimulation test. It is anticipated that it will be increasingly used for diagnosis of the condition. PMID- 3502205 TI - Meckel's diverticulum--too often forgotten in adults? PMID- 3502206 TI - Mild mental retardation in Gothenburg children born between 1966-70. Changes between two points of time. AB - Changes between two points of time in prevalence rates and distribution of IQ values in mentally retarded children resident in Gothenburg, Sweden, and born between 1966-70 were analysed. The children at the first census date in 1978 were aged 8-12 years and at the second in 1984 aged 14-18 years. The population-based prevalence rates were 3.7 per 1,000 in 1978 and 3.9 in 1984 for mild mental retardation (MMR; IQ 50-70) and 3.0 and 3.3 respectively for severe mental retardation (SMR; IQ less than 50). The majority (82%) of the MMR children remained on the same intellectual and educational level. The changes that occurred were mainly downwards. Thirteen of the 91 MMR children in the 1978 series demonstrated IQ values below 50 by 1984. Ten of these 13 children had a clear biomedical origin for their retardation, e.g. six with cerebral palsy syndromes. The IQ level of three MMR children had improved to 71-85. Nineteen newcomers were identified as MMR. 14 of these had IQ test scores above 70 in 1978 including one with cerebral palsy and 5 with minimal brain dysfunction syndromes. The prevalence of children registered in the Board for Provisions and Services to the Mentally Retarded, all IQ categories included, increased from 6.7 per 1,000 in 1978 to 8.1 in 1984. One third of this increase was due to the greater recording of youths with an IQ above 75. PMID- 3502208 TI - [Possibilities of using the neurostimulator "Neuron-O1" in ophthalmological practice]. PMID- 3502207 TI - [Laser therapy of chronic bullous keratopathy]. PMID- 3502209 TI - Parasitic infections. PMID- 3502210 TI - Researches on a unilaterally blue-blinded rhesus monkey. AB - Psychophysical measures of hue (wavelength) discrimination and spectral sensitivity were collected over a 3-year-period on a rhesus monkey whose right eye had been exposed to intense blue light 10 years prior and had shown a pronounced loss of blue sensitivity in an increment-threshold, spectral sensitivity task. Hue discrimination, to a somewhat greater degree than spectral sensitivity, revealed large differences between the normal and blue-exposed eye. The difference limens were in some cases 100 nm for the blue-exposed eye compared to 10-15 nm for the normal eye. The hue-discrimination functions from the blue exposed eye were similar in form to those from human tritanopes (blue-blind humans), and those from the monkey's normal eye were similar to those from normal humans. Detailed functions, where the variable wavelength was shorter as opposed to longer than the reference wavelength, were shown separately for each of the monkey's eyes; those from the blue-exposed eye were very similar to analogous functions from the one case where they have been shown separately for a human tritanope. PMID- 3502211 TI - [Clinico-physiological basis for benzohexonium electrophoresis using sinusoidal modulated currents in the treatment of patients with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine and compression-radicular syndromes]. PMID- 3502212 TI - [Clinico-functional basis for sinusoidal modulated current-mud therapy of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 3502213 TI - [Changes in immunologic indicators in tumors of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 3502214 TI - [Levamisole in the complex treatment of hepatitis B]. PMID- 3502215 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on the concept of stimulation of bone regeneration]. PMID- 3502216 TI - [Clinical and epidemiologic studies of vulvovaginitis in childhood and adolescence. Analysis of a computer-assisted program, 1977 to 1980, from East German pediatric gynecologic consultations]. PMID- 3502217 TI - [Structural and functional anomalies of the cellular proto-oncogenes in malignant lymphomas in hamadryas baboons]. PMID- 3502218 TI - [Cellular immunity factors in salmonellosis and food toxinfections]. AB - A complex immunological examination of 68 salmonellosis patients and 227 patients with alimentary toxinfections of unknown etiology has been made in the process of their treatment by rehydration therapy. At the acute period of the disease, irrespective of its nosologic form, cellular immunity has been suppressed. Cell mediated immunity factors have been shown to depend on the severity of the disease. PMID- 3502219 TI - [Effect of prednisolone on B-cell colony formation in patients with chronic B lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3502220 TI - [Studies on the stability of polyoxyethylene castor oil EL-40 and tween 80 in calciferol solubilized systems]. PMID- 3502221 TI - [HPLC determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of trilobine hydrochloride in rabbits]. PMID- 3502222 TI - [Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of N-deacetyllappaconitine and lappaconitine]. PMID- 3502223 TI - [Antineoplastic action and toxicity of probimane and its effect on immunologic functions in mice]. PMID- 3502224 TI - Vaccinia growth factor: newest member of the family of growth modulators which utilize the membrane receptor for EGF. AB - A computer-aided search for structural homology between epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and sequences of proteins contained in the Dayhoff data base reveals a statistically significant homology with a peptide predicted to be encoded by an early gene of vaccinia virus (VV), a member of the poxvirus family. Fifteen residues of a 50 amino acid portion of this 140 residue VV polypeptide match residues in TGF-alpha; after insertion of a single gap, the vaccinia encoded polypeptide shares 19 residues with both EGF and urogastrone. Homologous regions contain six residues that correspond to the six cysteine residues of EGF and TGF-alpha that form disulphide bond mediated loop structures. A 25,000 Mr (apparent molecular weight) glycosylated polypeptide with the predicted functional activity, competing with EGF for binding to EGF membrane receptors, has been purified to homogeneity from VV infected Cercopithecus monkey kidney cell culture supernatants. This peptide, like both EGF and TGF-alpha, is a potent mitogen for appropriate target cells. Demonstration of a growth factor encoded by a DNA virus is unprecedented and may expand our understanding of DNA virus-host interactions. PMID- 3502225 TI - [Detection of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria from female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis]. AB - A total of 122 bacterial strains isolated from urine specimens of 113 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis were used for the study of beta lactamase production and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents was determined. Beta-Lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalexin, cephalothin, gentamicin, minocycline, fosfomycin, pipemidic acid and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was examined by a disc method. The beta-lactamase-producing strains detected by at least one of the three tests were found in 18 of 105 Escherichia coli isolates and in the single strain of Enterobacter cloacae dermidis, 3 Enterococcus faecalis and 1 Staphylococcus aureus produced beta-lactamase. The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase producing strains (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that beta-lactamase plays an important role in developing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection as well as complicated infection. PMID- 3502226 TI - [Central projections of proprioceptive afferents originating from the extraocular muscles in the vertebrates. Possible functional roles in the oculomotor control, visual perception and body orientation]. PMID- 3502227 TI - [Ways of reducing maternal morbidity and mortality in obstetric hemorrhage]. PMID- 3502228 TI - [Risk of development of hypotonic hemorrhage and fatal outcome associated with this condition]. PMID- 3502229 TI - [Treatment of hypotonic uterine hemorrhage]. PMID- 3502230 TI - [Principles of replacing blood loss in obstetric hemorrhage]. PMID- 3502231 TI - [Immunologic aspects of massive blood transfusions in obstetrics]. PMID- 3502232 TI - [Intensive therapy of critical conditions in obstetrics]. PMID- 3502233 TI - Brain glucose metabolism in children with the autistic syndrome: positron tomography analysis. AB - Brain glucose metabolism was measured in 18 autistic children, using high resolution positron emission tomography. Global brain glucose utilization in the autistic population was slightly more elevated than in young adult volunteers but did not differ significantly from that of control children. Regional metabolic maps were also normal, although there was evidence for heterogeneities, particularly at the level of prefrontal and parieto-temporo-occipital association areas: 6 children showed a relative hyperfrontality whilst hypofrontality was found in 2 cases; these heterogeneities were not correlated with clinical symptoms. These data suggest that both the rate and the regional distribution of brain glucose metabolism are normal in autistic children. Variations in terms of relative metabolic rates in association cortex remains to be investigated further. PMID- 3502234 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis: a histopathologic and immunopathologic study of four cases. AB - Four cases of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with panniculitis were reviewed. The following histopathologic characteristics were typically present: (a) large areas of normal panniculus adjacent to severe necrotic panniculitis; (b) acute panniculitis--masses of neutrophils causing necrosis and replacing fat lobules; (c) chronic inflammation and hemorrhage at the periphery of acute panniculitis; (d) focal collection and proliferation of histiocytic cells and lipophages; (e) secondary leukocytoclastic vasculitis in areas of necrosis and lymphocytic vasculitis in areas of severe inflammation, but no evidence of primary vasculitis; (f) phlebothrombosis; and (g) in partial (heterozygous) deficiency, pronounced lipophages and giant-cell replacement of fat cells. Endarteritis obliterans was noted. Direct immunofluorescence study showed C3 deposition in the blood vessels of the panniculus or dermis (or both) in all four cases, and IgM was present in the blood vessels of three. Weak granular deposits of IgM or C3 were seen at the epidermal basement membrane zone in two cases. C3 in endothelial cells of the blood vessels was detected in one case. In general, the immunoreactants in the blood vessels were not dense and probably represent secondary vasculitis. We conclude that all patients with severe panniculitis and ulceration should have alpha 1-antitrypsin levels determined. A deep excisional biopsy specimen with abundant panniculus tissue is required for histopathologic diagnosis. PMID- 3502235 TI - [Left ventricular performance before and after coronary artery bypass surgery]. PMID- 3502237 TI - [Acute hydrocephalus drained in emergency. Consequence of cerebellar infarction in Haemophilus meningitis]. AB - A 2 year-old child admitted for Haemophilus meningitis was immediately treated by adequate antibiotic treatment. Three days later multiple hypertonic strokes and periodic respiration occurred; a resuscitation was necessary. CAT scan showed an acute hydrocephalus with non visible 4th ventricle and low-density areas in both cerebellar hemispheres allowing the diagnosis of cerebellar infarction. External drainage of CSF was rapidly performed and maintained for 11 days with success. The child was secondarily discharged with temporary cortical blindness and persistent moderate static cerebellar signs. The etiology of the cerebellar infarction was likely to be an arterial thrombosis in the vertebro-basilar area, probably secondary to cerebral arteritis related to Haemophilus. PMID- 3502236 TI - [Osteocalcin in children of short stature and its nocturnal variations]. AB - Serum osteocalcin (Gla-P) was measured in 65 children with normal stature for age and in 116 children with growth retardation, excluding endocrine disorders, in matched groups according to age: 1-6 years (n = 33); 7-10 years (n = 49); 11-14 years (n = 72); 15-18 years (n = 27). Thirty of these patients were retested at 2 weeks interval. In addition, Gla-P and growth hormone (hGH) were assayed in blood samples obtained every 20 minutes during sleep in 12 children with growth retardation. In younger children, Gla-P levels were significantly lower in patients with growth retardation, when compared with normal children. In contrast, this difference was no longer significant in children above 11, with either normal or delayed puberty. However, important intra-individual variations of Gla-P levels were observed on blood samples obtained at 2 weeks interval. A nocturnal periodicity in Gla-P was found; Gla-P rose slightly during sleep in the patients studied, maximum concentration being reached between 4 and 6 AM. No correlation between integrated concentrations of hGH and Gla-P was found. Gla-P determination may be of interest in the evaluation of young children with short stature. Standardized conditions of blood sampling for Gla-P use in children remain to be determined. PMID- 3502239 TI - Proliferative response of T lymphocytes to a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP): PRP mimics mitogenic activity of Il-1. AB - Mitogenic properties of a proline-rich polypeptide were investigated. The mitogenic action of PRP was compared with the mitogenic action of Il-1. PRP was not mitogenic for thymocytes at doses 0.01-50 micrograms/ml. PRP, at doses 0.1-50 micrograms/ml, augmented the proliferative response of thymocytes to Con A in a similar fashion as Il-1. At doses higher than 10 micrograms/ml, PRP induced proliferation of lymph node cells and splenocytes as well as T cells from the lymph nodes. It did not, however, cause significant proliferation of B cells from the lymph nodes, at the doses used. PRP did not induce proliferation of an antigen specific Lyt 1+ T cell clone. Il-1 behaved in a similar way as PRP in all the tests described. We consider a possibility that under physiological conditions, at a very early stage of postneonatal life, PRP may replace some functions of Il-1. PMID- 3502238 TI - Immunostimulation in recurrent respiratory tract infections therapy in children. AB - Selected immunologic parameters and effectivity of immunotherapy was evaluated in 117 children (12-month-10-year-1-old) suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections. All the children displayed a profound depression of T lymphocytes number, which resemble the situation seen in AIDS patients. An increase of serum IgM concentration was also noted. Immunotherapy included treatment with the following preparations: TFX and Levamisol which stimulate T cell functions, Broncho-Vaxom which stimulates specific antibody production and a complex herb preparation PADMA showing undefined general stimulatory activity. Separate group of children was subjected to climatotherapy in Czerniawa Sanatorium and received no immunostimulants. All methods of treatment employed had beneficial effect. The highest percentage of positive results was obtained in children receiving TFX and Levamisol. In all groups under study, an elevation of T cells percentage was observed. This was especially evident in Levamisol treated patients. There was no correlation, however, between T cells number and clinical improvement. PMID- 3502240 TI - Interleukin-1 decreases the level of thymocytes forming rosettes with autologous erythrocytes: a new method of determination of interleukin-1 activity. AB - It was demonstrated that human, recombinant Il-1 significantly inhibited formation of autologous rosettes by thymocytes. In addition, Il-1 increased the percentage of thymocytes resistant to hydrocortisone. Il-2 was not active in both tests. A new method of determination of Il-1 activity, based on the inhibition of the autologous rosette formation by Il-1 is described. The activity of Il-1 in the supernatant from macrophage cultures, stimulated with carbonyl iron powder, was calculated. The lack of Il-2 interference and no necessity to handle radioactive materials, are the advantages of the new method. PMID- 3502241 TI - [Structural organization of the orbicular muscle of the mouth in children with a congenital cleft of the upper lip undergoing electrostimulation]. AB - At light optic and electron microscopical levels with application of morphometric analysis the mouth orbicular muscle has been studied in 6-8-month-old children with a complete unilateral cleft lip. The muscle is characterized by distinctly manifested signs of hypertrophy: high contents of the connective tissue, poor capillarization, presence of focal destructive-degenerative changes in the muscle fibers; they result from decreased function of the muscle activity. Preoperative physiotherapeutic treatment with pulsed low-frequency electrical current stimulates development of the muscle tissue. In the muscle specific share of muscle fibers increases, and contents of the connective tissue decreases, respectively, indices of capillarization improve, mitochondrial apparatus of the muscle fibers becomes more powerful. PMID- 3502243 TI - Indigenous livestock disease problems and slaughter cattle infections in the Ada district of the Ethiopian highlands. AB - In the farming enterprises of the Ada district, sheep and goats were most commonly diseased by pneumonia and helminthiasis among all farming animals, which led to severe losses of lambs and sheep. In cattle, helminthiasis and malnutrition conditioned considerable losses of calves. Faecal investigations showed that 72% of the cattle were infected with internal parasites, with nematodes more frequent in calves and fascioliasis among adult cattle. Pathological malformations of organs were encountered in 65% of the cattle slaughtered at the Debre Zeit abbatoir. Economically and hygienically most important are fascioliasis, hydatidosis, and cysticercosis. PMID- 3502242 TI - [Subaortic stenosis associated with recurrent digestive hemorrhage. A case report]. PMID- 3502244 TI - Nematode parasites of goats and sheep in the Imo State, Nigeria. AB - Field surveys on the occurrence of intestinal nematodes in 335 goats and 117 Sheep in the Imo State of Nigeria showed an infection density of 78 and 77%, respectively. 8 nematode species were differentiated in goats, and 10 in sheep. Among these, Oesophagostomum columbianum (in goats) and O. venulosum (in sheep) prevailed. Relationships were found between the age of the animals and the nematode species as well as the season and the rate of infestation. PMID- 3502245 TI - Confirmation of the identities of inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate by the use of one-dimensional and two-dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy. AB - Multinuclear n.m.r. spectroscopy, including the use of two-dimensional methodology, was used to confirm the identity of inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate and its metabolic precursor inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. The cyclohexane ring in each molecule exhibits a chair conformation with all phosphate groups occupying equatorial positions. PMID- 3502246 TI - Identification of a signal-transduction pathway shared by haematopoietic growth factors with diverse biological specificity. AB - The haematopoietic growth factors multi-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2 specifically control the production and proliferation of distinct leucocyte series. Each growth factor acts on a unique surface receptor associated with an appropriate signal-transduction apparatus. In this report we identify a 68 kDa substrate which is phosphorylated after stimulation of different cell types with multi-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin 2. The 68 kDa substrate is also phosphorylated in each cell line stimulated with synthetic diacylglycerol, a direct activator of protein kinase C. Interestingly, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor does not induce phosphorylation of the 68 kDa molecule. The 68 kDa molecule that is phosphorylated after stimulation with each ligand yielded similar peptide maps after chymotryptic digestion; furthermore, the substrate was always phosphorylated on threonine residues. Phosphorylation of the same residues in the 68 kDa substrate suggests that activation of protein kinase C is one common signal-transduction event associated with the action of multi-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 2. PMID- 3502247 TI - Inhibition by vitamin D pretreatment of ATP-induced vasoconstriction in rats. AB - In the isolated perfused hind legs of rats, ATP-Na2 injections induce an increase of perfusion pressure. Maximum pressure increase, EAm, is comparable to maximum increase induced by norepinephrine or vasopressin. In vitamin D2-pretreated rats, ATP-Na2-induced pressure increase is strikingly decreased as it is the case when using norepinephrine or vasopressin as vasoconstrictors. Vasodepression seems to be due to unspecific impairment by vitamin D2 of contractile elements of the vessel wall. PMID- 3502248 TI - Isometric twitch and tetanic contraction of frog skeletal muscles at temperatures between 0 to 30 degrees C. AB - Maximum twitch and tetanic tension development, time to peak, and half relaxation time were studied on isolated frog sartorius muscles stimulated directly in Ringer's solution at different temperatures. Cooling from 20 degrees C to 10 degrees C decreased the tetanic tension (Q10 = 1.3-1.4). At temperatures above 25 (30) degrees C the tension output was reduced. The response to cooling of the twitch contraction was a prolongation of the time to peak (Q10 = 2.4) and of the relaxation time (Q10 = 2.7) independently of the amplitude which increased in most muscles. Between 20 and 10 degrees C the tension output rose by a factor of 1.2-1.3. The failure of this response showed no relation to season. The increase of the twitch tension but the decrease of tetanic tension in parallel with the temperature drop shifted the ratio twitch/tetanus to higher values (0.5 to 0.8). The results suggest that cooling effects both the Ca2+ release and and the Ca2+ re-uptake but the latter one with a higher Q10. This causes a prolongation of the active state and a cold potentiation if further facilitating conditions are present. In contrast, the response to temperature of the tetanic tension seems to be due to the temperature dependent force generation per cross-bridge. PMID- 3502249 TI - [Cerebral 11C-glucose metabolism during human sleep]. AB - Some reports have suggested that there is no difference in cerebral metabolic rates between wakefulness and sleep. However recently Kennedy et al. and Heiss et al. reported a decrease in cerebral glucose utilization during NREM sleep measured by the using deoxyglucose method. We used a 11C-glucose method for positron emission tomography (PET) while estimating cerebral glucose metabolism during human sleep with polysomnography (PSG). This PET and PSG study was carried out on 11 healthy male volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 26 years. In order to facilitate the onset of sleep, the subjects were deprived of sleep, under observation in the lab, for a period of approximately 20 hours prior to the PSG and PET examination. All experiments were performed in the early morning, most often between 4 and 10 AM. The subjects' sleep was monitored by PSG, i.e. electroencephalogram, electrooculogram and a submental electroencephalogram, electrooculogram and a submental electromyogram. The 11C-glucose used in the experiment was prepared by the biosynthetic method developed by Lifton and Welch, using 11C produced by a baby cyclotron. The 11C-glucose solution, containing about 20 mCi of 11C activity was administered orally to the subjects. The time course of the 11C activity in the blood following the administration was determined by drawing 1 ml of blood from the antecubital vein once every 10 minutes. These samples were assayed for 11C activity in a NaI well counter. The PET images of a horizontal cross-section of the brain at 45 mm above the orbito meatal line, were used for the analysis of the glucose metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502250 TI - A single blind clinical study comparing trimethoprim with co-trimoxazole in acute chest infections in the elderly. PMID- 3502251 TI - Neural substrates of violent behaviour. A preliminary study with positron emission tomography. AB - Brain function was evaluated in four psychiatric patients with a history of repetitive purposeless violent behaviour, using EEG, CT scan, and positron emission tomography (PET). Three patients showed spiking activity in left temporal regions, and two showed CT scan abnormalities characterised by generalised cortical atrophy. The PET scans for the four cases showed evidence of blood flow and metabolic abnormalities in the left temporal lobe. Two patients also had derangement in the frontal cortex. The patients showing the largest defects with the PET scans were those whose CT scans were reported as normal. This paper shows the utility of PET in investigating possible brain derangements that could lead to violent behaviour. PMID- 3502253 TI - [Quantitative determination of sinomenine in qingfengteng (Sinomenium acutum and s. acutum var. cinereum) by TLC densitometry and the relation between the content and the seasons]. PMID- 3502254 TI - [Kinetic characteristics of the proliferation of human T- and B-lymphocytes in a culture]. PMID- 3502252 TI - Unstimulated release of endothelium derived relaxing factor is independent of mitochondrial ATP generation. AB - Rabbit aortic strips were used to investigate the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on basal (unstimulated) endothelium dependent relaxation. Since haemoglobin inhibits and the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, MB22948, amplifies endothelium dependent relaxation they were used to provide evidence of basal activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Basal activity was not inhibited by incubation with any of three differently acting inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP generation. The mechanism underlying basal EDRF production may thus differ from that of stimulated EDRF production, which is abolished by these mitochondrial inhibitors. PMID- 3502255 TI - [Gastric hemorrhage in a hemophiliac]. PMID- 3502256 TI - Flexibility and rigidity, requirements for the function of proteins and protein pigment complexes. Eleventh Keilin memorial lecture. AB - Proteins may be rigid or flexible to various degrees as required for optimum function. Flexibility at the level of amino acid side-chains occurs universally and is important for binding and catalysis. Flexibility of large parts of a protein which rearrange or move are particularly interesting and will be discussed here. We differentiate between certain categories of large-scale flexibility although the boundaries between them are diffuse: flexibility of peptide segments, domain motions and order-disorder transitions of spatially contigous regions. The domains may be flexibly linked to allow rather unrestricted motion or the motion may be constrained to certain modes. The polypeptide segments linking the domains show characteristic structural features. The various categories of flexibility will be illustrated with the following examples. (a) Small protein proteinase inhibitors which are rather rigid molecules which provide binding surfaces complementary to their cognate proteases, but also show limited segmental flexibility and adaptation. (b) Large plasma inhibitors which exhibit large conformational changes upon interaction with proteases probably for regulatory purposes. (c) Pancreatic serine proteases which employ a disorder-order transition of their activation domain as a means to regulate enzymic activity. (d) Immunoglobulins in which rather unrestricted and also hinged domain motions occur in different parts of the molecule probably to allow binding to antigens in different arrangements. (e) Citrate synthase which adopts open and closed forms by a hinged domain motion to bind substrates and release products and to perform the catalytic condensation reaction, respectively. (f) The bifunctional multienzyme complex riboflavin synthase in which two enzymes (alpha and beta) catalyse two consecutive enzymic reactions. The beta-subunits form a shell, in which the alpha-subunits are enclosed. Diffusional motion of the catalytic intermediates is therefore restricted. In addition, segmental rearrangement occurs in the assembly of the beta-subunit. In contrast, rigidity is the dominant impression provided by the structures of the light harvesting complexes and the reaction centres involved the photosynthetic light reactions. These are large protein complexes in which the proteins serve as matrices to hold the pigments in the appropriate conformation and relative arrangement. Since motion would contribute to deactivation of the photo-excited states of the pigments and diminish the efficiency of light energy and electron transfer, a functional role for rigidity is easy to rationalize for these proteins. PMID- 3502257 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 in the evaluation of aortocoronary bypass patients]. AB - We have compared the results of 201-Thallium scintigraphy (201 TI Sc) and those of coronary angiography in 48 patients (Pts) at a mean time of 13 months after a coronary artery by-pass grafting operation (CABG). Forty-six pts were males and 2 females, with a mean age of 52 years (range 37-66). Eighteen pts (37%) had had a myocardial infarction (MI) before the operation, 4 (8%) had a perioperative and 3 (6%) a postoperative MI. Nineteen pts (40%) had angina, 9 (19%) atypical chest pain, 6 (12%) shortness of breath or easy fatigability and 14 (29%) had no symptoms. The overall CABG patency was 74% (left anterior descending: 73%, left circumflex: 71%, right coronary artery: 80%). The 201 TI was injected at peak exercise and its myocardial uptake was recorded immediately and after four hours at rest. The 201 TI Sc has shown a sensibility (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive (PV-pos) and negative predictive value (PV-neg) of 86, 82, 64 and 94% respectively, compared to coronary angiography. In the single patient evaluation the 201 TI Sc has shown a SN, SP, PV-pos, PV-neg of 95, 85, 82 and 96% respectively versus 90, 82, 78 and 92% of the standard exercise test associated with a positive history for 1) residual angina and 2) peri or postoperative MI. The 201 TI Sc has not shown to be significantly superior to standard exercise testing and history in the evaluation of graft patency. However it allows a topographic localization of the disease which is not feasible with the latter techniques. The 201 TI Sc can better predict the patency rather than the occlusion of the grafts because there is a high number of false positives due to residual ungrafted native disease in the territory of a good functioning graft. The 201 TI scintigraphy can give a functional evaluation of borderline grafts stenoses beside the pure anatomic definition of angiography thanks to its capability to qualitatively assess the regional myocardial blood flow during stress. PMID- 3502258 TI - Pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - We describe six related patients presenting with an autosomal dominantly inherited pattern dystrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, significantly abnormal electro-oculogram and minor colour vision abnormalities. There is a continuum of variable phenotypic expression within the pattern dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 3502259 TI - Immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide in the superior olivary complex and cochlea of cat and rat. AB - In both cat and rat, the cells of origin, axons, and terminals of the lateral olivocochlear system exhibit immunoreactivity to antisera to calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). In the cat, immunoreactive neurons in the brainstem are located in the hilus of the lateral superior olivary nucleus and around its margins. In the rat, immunoreactive neurons are located within the lateral superior olivary nucleus proper. In both species, immunoreactivity in the cochlear duct is limited to the region beneath the inner hair cells. Immunoreactive axons in the cochlear nucleus could not be traced to their source but may arise as collaterals of the lateral olivocochlear system. No other components of the brainstem auditory system react to any extent with the antisera. PMID- 3502261 TI - Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 3502260 TI - Effects of aorto-coronary bypass grafting in coronary artery disease on ventricular function: a study at rest and during exercise. PMID- 3502262 TI - Posttraumatic glaucoma. AB - Following ocular trauma, it is not uncommon for many patients to develop some form of secondary glaucoma. Studies have indicated a 2-10% incidence of late onset glaucoma following blunt trauma. The trauma can be either penetrating or nonpenetrating in nature. Penetrating injuries can lead to severe intraocular damage and inflammation which may cause anterior synechiae, a pupillary block or a trabeculitis. These processes can ultimately produce a glaucomatous condition. Severe blunt ocular trauma (an ocular contusion) can also lead to a glaucomatous state by producing an angle recession, hyphema, inflammation, and lens dislocation and ruptures. All of these different types of injuries and subsequent glaucomas will be discussed along with their treatment plans. PMID- 3502263 TI - [Effects of atrial pacing on early postoperative care following coronary artery bypass surgery]. PMID- 3502264 TI - [Augmentation of killer activity in regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer by intratumoral injection of immunopotentiators]. PMID- 3502265 TI - [The vascular architecture of the vestibule and the endolymphatic duct and sac of the rat]. PMID- 3502266 TI - Repriming and reversal of the isometric unexplained enthalpy in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. heat production and high-energy phosphate hydrolysis by frog sartorius muscles in 6 s isometric tetani were measured to test the hypothesis that the isometric unexplained enthalpy (u.e.) and labile maintenance heat (l.m.h.) were of similar origin. Muscles were first given a conditioning tetanus to deplete the u.e. and l.m.h. A second (test) 6 s tetanus was given 6-300 s later to ascertain the extent to which l.m.h. and u.e. had recovered (reprimed). 2. The labile maintenance heat repriming was biphasic: 42% of the conditioning l.m.h. reprimed with a time constant of 10 s, the remainder with a time constant of 500 s. 3. The u.e. produced in the test tetanus 6 s after the conditioning tetanus was reduced to 18% of its conditioning value. By 30 s, u.e. had returned to conditioning values even though the amount of high-energy phosphate splitting was 17% less than that in the conditioning tetanus. 4. This observation is supported by measurements revealing that during the 30 s following a 6 s tetanus an amount of enthalpy was absorbed (less heat produced than expected from the measured metabolic changes) whose absolute value (after correction for oxygen consumption) was not different from the amount of unexplained enthalpy liberated during the tetanus. 5. The difference in repriming time course shows that l.m.h. and u.e. are not produced by the same reactions. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that calcium binding to troponin and parvalbumin produce u.e. while calcium binding to troponin and a non-linear time course of ATP hydrolysis produce l.m.h. PMID- 3502267 TI - Dexamethasone selectively increases sodium-dependent alanine transport across neonatal piglet intestine. AB - 1. Lysine and alanine uptake by pig enterocytes has been measured in piglet mid intestine both during normal development and 3 days after injection of dexamethasone and epidermal growth factor (EGF) into 3-day-old animals. 2. Alanine uptake measured in the presence of sodium increased markedly during the first 4 weeks of post-natal life. Similar effects on alanine uptake could be produced through injection of dexamethasone, but not EGF, into 3-day-old piglets. Alanine uptake measured in the absence of sodium and lysine uptake measured in the presence of sodium remained unchanged during development and unaffected by injection of dexamethasone or EGF. 3. Enterocytes capable of transporting alanine in the presence of sodium were found, by quantitative autoradiography, to cover the top 400 micron of the villus in 6-day-old and 3-4-week-old control pigs. Alanine concentrations in villus tip enterocytes in 3-4-week-old pigs were four times those found in 6-day-old animals. Qualitative examination of selected villi, however, showed alanine uptake taking place over a considerably greater area of villus surface in 6-day-old compared with 3-4-week-old animals. 4. Injection of dexamethasone and EGF into 3-day-old piglets caused an increase in crypt depth without apparent change in crypt cell proliferation. The rate at which enterocytes migrated out of the crypt and the length of individual villi also remained unchanged by dexamethasone or EGF injection. 5. Dexamethasone produces its effect on alanine uptake by acting on older enterocytes present on the upper part of the villus. These enterocytes can be shown, by calculations based on enterocyte migration rate, to have already been present on the villus at the time the pig was born. 6. The above findings are discussed in relation to the ability of villus as well as crypt enterocytes to change their programme of differentiation in response to external stimuli. The particular ability of dexamethasone to induce system A type carrier function is further discussed in relation to normal changes found to occur during neonatal development. It is finally suggested, as a working hypothesis, that endogenous glucagon might act as the final mediator of both developmentally controlled and dexamethasone-induced changes in amino acid transport. PMID- 3502268 TI - [Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. Nosological concepts]. AB - The term sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis groups affections of different pathogenicity. These result from an ossifying enthesiopathy, either inflammatory, isolated to the thoracic wall anteriorly or combined with a spondylarthropathy, particularly ankylosing spondylitis, or degenerative, the anterior thoracic hyperostosis usually being part of an ensheathing vertebral hyperostosis. A differential diagnosis is anterior thoracic hyperostosis due to an inflammatory osteopathy occurring in young patients and often associated with other bone lesions of pelvis and spine or long bones. PMID- 3502270 TI - [Hemopoietic factors. Application of genetic engineering]. PMID- 3502271 TI - [Preparation and cloning of recombinant hemopoietic factors and its clinical application. a. Colony-stimulating factor]. PMID- 3502269 TI - [CSF and Meg-CSF producing malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 3502272 TI - [Preparation and cloning of hemopoietic factors and its clinical application. c. Interleukins and hematopoiesis]. PMID- 3502273 TI - [Human leukocyte differentiation antigens and gene regulation]. PMID- 3502274 TI - [B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin genes]. PMID- 3502275 TI - [Immunoglobulin genes and analysis of T-cell receptors and its clinical application. Cell origin and analysis of clonality]. PMID- 3502276 TI - [Immunoglobulin genes and analysis of T-cell receptors and its effect on leukemia classification]. PMID- 3502277 TI - [Immunoglobulin genes and rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes in leukemia- with special reference to lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3502278 TI - [Molecular structure and genetic analysis of the von Willebrand factor]. PMID- 3502279 TI - [Cerebral blood flow imaging in patients with brain tumor and arterio-venous malformation using Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene-amine oxime--a comparison with Xe 133 and IMP]. PMID- 3502280 TI - [Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine in epilepsy]. PMID- 3502281 TI - [Estimation of infarct size by three-dimensional surface display method of myocardial single photon emission CT with 201Tl]. PMID- 3502282 TI - [Cerebral blood volume-to-flow imaging by ring-type-SPECT]. PMID- 3502283 TI - [N-isopropyl-p-(I-123)iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) SPECT I-123 IMP SPECT in patients with intracranial tumor]. PMID- 3502284 TI - [The effect of drugs on the immune response]. AB - In this study the effects of some drugs on the humoral and cellular immune responses were carried out. On the studying of laboratory animals, the humoral response by the antibody formation against S.typhi and the cellular response by PPD tuberculin of vaccinated animals with BCG, were examined. According to the experimental results, it was observed that Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Baktrim) and Chloramphenicol did not effect humoral response but inhibited cellular response. It was determined that Rifampin had any effect on the humoral and cellular responses. On the other hand it was observed that Cimetidine inhibited the humoral response and increased the cellular response. PMID- 3502285 TI - [Changes in polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMNE) during shock; the effect of PMNE on respiratory failure]. PMID- 3502286 TI - [Transformation of vestibular signals by cerebral cortical neurons in the cat]. AB - Extracellular unit activity of cortical vestibular projections was recorded in wakeful, immobilized and artificially respirated cats. Natural vestibular stimulation included both sinusoidal and trapezoidal position profiles in the horizontal plane. Tonic and phasic neurons were discriminated. The responses of phasic neurons were direction-specific. The transformation of the vestibular signals by cortical neurons had quasilinear properties: linearity existed only in the velocity range from 0 to 30-50 deg.s-1. A conclusion is made that only a complex of responses of direction-specific neurons can give the full information about changes in the angular velocity. PMID- 3502287 TI - [Dynamic properties of postural reflexes of the neck in the cat]. AB - Changes in the forelimb extensor reflexes during fixed shifts and cyclic tilting of the head were investigated in decerebrated vestibuloectomized cats. In the used frequency range (0.05-1.0 Hz) the phase lead (10-15 degrees) of these changes was observed. The increase of tested reflexes was more pronounced during cyclic tilts than during fixed shifts. It is suggested that neck postural reflexes, primarily postulated as exclusively tonic, should be regarded as those having a phasic component. PMID- 3502288 TI - [A case report of pelvic arteriovenous malformation treated with transcatheter embolization--application of the vena cava filter]. PMID- 3502289 TI - [Preliminary results of determining the corticoliberin levels of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 3502290 TI - Gastric angiodysplasia--a missed cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - We report a case of severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia secondary to blood loss from gastric angiodysplasia. The clinical features, diagnosis and management of this uncommon condition are discussed. PMID- 3502291 TI - [Attenuation correction of SPECT imaging by dual energy method--quantification of 111In-labeled monoclonal anti-tumor antibody localization]. AB - Application of radiolabeled monoclonal anti-tumor antibodies for diagnosis and therapy has made remarkable progress in the past few years. Quantification of radiopharmaceutical localization is required adequate attenuation correction in SPECT imaging. Attenuation correction by transmission CT (TCT) data is one of the best method at present time. However, if a patient is moved between TCT and SPECT, this method is no more applicable. We developed a new attenuation correction algorithm by dual energy method, using 99mTc and 111In because of similarity of these linear attenuation coefficients. The new algorithm uses data of TCT with an external source of 99mTc, and requires another data from SPECT of 111In labeled monoclonal anti-tumor antibody, which are simultaneously obtained. TCT results in an attenuation map, which then serves as input into the final intrinsic correction algorithm to uncorrected SPECT data. In chest phantom experiment, the attenuation corrected SPECT images revealed nearly same distribution of actual radioactivity of 111In as compared to that of uncorrected one. PMID- 3502292 TI - [Semi-quantitative method of N-isopropyl-(123I)-p-iodoamphetamine accumulation in cerebrum: cerebrum to cerebellum accumulation ratio]. AB - Semi-quantitative method of N-isopropyl-(123I)-p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) accumulation in cerebrum by using 123I-IMP SPECT was tried. Ratio of counts in whole cerebrum to those in normal cerebellum was calculated, and this accumulation is defined as cerebrum to cerebellum accumulation ratio. In group of patients with dementia or patients who were remaining in bed, significantly low accumulation ratio was observed, while in "normal" group, no differences in sex and aging were observed. Calculation of cerebrum to cerebellum accumulation ratio was concluded as a useful method of evaluating the accumulation of 123I-IMP in cerebrum. PMID- 3502293 TI - Analysis of kinetic rate constants in [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose model using a least square fitting package SALS (statistical analysis with least squares). AB - The analysis of kinetic rate constants in the compartment model for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was undertaken. Four kinetic rate constants were determined with a least square fitting package SALS (Statistical Analysis with Least Squares), using the measured data of 18F activity as a function of time. SALS calculations were found to be easy and quick with high precision. The rate constants and the curves fitted by the k3 and the k4 models were compared in situations with various degree of cerebral glucose metabolism during positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The k4 model in the determination of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglu) was much superior than the k3 model in any given situation as it always underestimates the metabolic rate. However, the k3 model produces less variation when the cerebral radioactivity curve shows steady rising pattern. PMID- 3502294 TI - [31st meeting of the Japanese Society of Rheumatology. 27-29 May 1987, Tokyo. Abstracts]. PMID- 3502296 TI - [Comparative analysis of the cell composition of the infiltrate in malignant lymphoma of the skin]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to investigate skin biopsy specimens in 20 patients with different clinicomorphological types of T-cell skin lymphomas (TCSL) over time. At early stages prognosis was based on the level of macrophage and fibroblast differentiation in the infiltrate: the more mature nonlymphoid elements were, the graver was a course of disease. Therefore patch and papulous variants of primary cutaneous reticulosis (atrophic parapsoriasis and mycosis fungoides with follicular mucinosis) were classified as TCSL of a low and medium degree of malignancy. The classical and beheaded forms of mycosis fungoides were attributed to a medium and high degree of malignancy. PMID- 3502295 TI - [Neurohormonal and immunological status of patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura]. AB - A study was made of the relationship between hormonal (ACTH, cortisol, TSH, T3, T4, STH) and immune (E-RFC, EAC-RFC, and immunoglobulins) shifts in the time course of therapy in 106 patients with autoimmune thrombocytic purpura. A significant decrease in the level of T3 and its direct correlation with E-RFC in exacerbation of disease combined with an increase in the levels of cortisol and IgM were revealed. The treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants resulted in a more noticeable decrease in the levels of T3 and E-RCF. In case of development of hematological remission splenectomy resulted in the normalization of these shifts. In splenectomized patients with immunosuppressive therapy refractory recurrences there was again a decrease in the level of T3 whereas the level of E-RCF was even on an increase. PMID- 3502297 TI - Corneal epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. PMID- 3502298 TI - Progressive cone dystrophy. AB - Psychophysical, reflectometric, and electrophysiological studies were performed on four members of a dominant pedigree with progressive cone dystrophy. The two youngest individuals were asymptomatic at the initial examination, and none of the subjects complained of problems associated with night vision. Absent or grossly reduced cone-mediated ERG responses revealed the widespread loss of cone function. Moderate elevations (1 log unit) in absolute threshold together with reductions in rhodopsin levels in the midperipheral retina provided evidence of a mild impairment of the rod system also, although not to the degree seen in a cone rod dystrophy. The progressive nature of the disease was apparent from the case histories and the changes in visual performance that occurred on re-test after a 5-year interval. Likewise, the results of incremental threshold measurements at several retinal loci suggested that peripheral cones may be affected earlier and more severely than those in the central retina. PMID- 3502299 TI - Physiological effects of muscarinic vs nicotinic ACh antagonists upon ganglion cell activity in the frog retina. AB - The intravitreal administration of ACh agonists (eserine, carbachol, oxotremorine) or that of ACh muscarinic antagonists (scopolamine, atropine) provoked a reduction of the On-Off ganglion cell discharges. The agonists depressed the Off discharges more than the On discharges, while the ACh muscarinic antagonists depressed the On- more than the Off discharges. These drugs did not modify the ganglion cell receptive field area; thus, the muscarinic cholinergic system seems not to be involved in the spatial organization of the On Off ganglion cells, but rather seems to play an important part in the separation of On and Off information channels. ACh nicotinic antagonists [hexamethonium, D tubocurarine (D-TC), alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGTX)] provoked an increase of the receptive field area of On-Off ganglion cells, this enlargement being due to the suppression of the inhibition normally exerted by the surround upon the centre of the field. Moreover D-TC and alpha-BGTX, but but hexamethonium, increased the number of ganglion cell discharges. These data are analogous to those obtained after administration of GABA antagonists and show that through nicotinic receptors, ACh seems to be involved in the spatial organization of the On-Off ganglion cell. PMID- 3502300 TI - Rod influence in dichromatic surface color perception. AB - Two protanopes, two deuteranopes, and two normal subjects named 424 OSA Uniform Color Scales samples using single-word color terms of their choice under three different experimental conditions. When viewing a stimulus field subtending about 4 deg, the performance of the dichromats revealed a substantial ability to discriminate colors along the red-green axis. When the stimuli were limited to the central fovea, or when rods were excluded with a bleach, dichromats could no longer categorize colors in the red-green dimension. The different conditions did not affect the performance of the normals. The results suggest that rods contribute signals used by dichromats, along with lightness cues, to help discriminate and categorize surface colors. PMID- 3502301 TI - Location of the coagulase gene in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The localization of the coagulase gene in Staphylococcus aureus JM 750 strain was investigated. S. aureus JM 750 strain in contrast to other S. aureus strains shows instability of coagulase production. This strain contains the 23.5 kb penicillinase plasmid, determining beta-lactamase synthesis and resistance to heavy metal salts, and a larger plasmid greater than 100 kb in size, which was detectable only in coagulase positive variants. The results suggest the unparalleled, extrachromosomal localization of the coagulase gene in S. aureus JM 750 strain. PMID- 3502302 TI - [Neurophysiological and mathematical optimization of the parameters for electrostimulation of the muscles with sinusoidal modulated currents in patients with poststroke paralysis]. AB - Patients with poststroke pareses exposed to different frequencies of stimulating current (sinusoidal modulated currents--SMC) were studied for changes in the H reflex amplitude (by the H max/M max index). The authors identified a number of clinical signs of stroke predisposing to a definite regimen of electrostimulation. Mathematical processing of the clinical findings has helped to develop a technique of the differential use of muscle electrostimulation by SMC in patients with poststroke hemipareses. PMID- 3502303 TI - [Immunologic changes in patients with periapical granulomas]. PMID- 3502304 TI - Molecular genetical analysis of lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 3502305 TI - Advances in hemopoietic stem cell research. PMID- 3502306 TI - Fibrocytic bone marrow stromal cells and hematopoiesis. PMID- 3502308 TI - Analysis of leukemic blast growth factor (LBGF) and autocrine secretion of CSF by leukemic blasts. PMID- 3502309 TI - The effects of human erythropoietin on murine megakaryopoiesis. PMID- 3502307 TI - Purification, gene cloning and clinical application of human monocyte specific colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 3502310 TI - Responsive cells in graft-versus-host reaction and its regulatory mechanism. PMID- 3502311 TI - Immunophenotypical and molecular genetical examination of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 3502312 TI - Common karyotypic pattern in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) and malignant lymphoma of peripheral T-cell origin with AILD features. PMID- 3502314 TI - [Formation and contents of curve formula of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in rheumatic patients]. PMID- 3502313 TI - Multimer analysis of von Willebrand factor using monoclonal antibody. PMID- 3502315 TI - Binding of organic acids to surface receptors of lymphocytes as an immunosuppressive mechanism in uremia. PMID- 3502316 TI - [Pharmacology of a new anesthetic agent: propofol (Diprivan)]. PMID- 3502317 TI - [Ambulatory anesthesia with propofol in neuroradiology]. PMID- 3502318 TI - [Propofol and thoracic surgery]. PMID- 3502319 TI - [General anesthesia with propofol in cataract surgery]. PMID- 3502320 TI - [Comparison of the qualities of recovery after anesthesia with propofol, methohexital and etomidate]. PMID- 3502321 TI - Mouse T-cell-dependent proliferative response to syngeneic serum modified with various agents used in root canal therapy. AB - Syngeneic sera modified with seven agents were used as the immunogens to induce lymph-node cell proliferation in C57BL/6 mice. Immunogenicity could be conferred upon tolerated syngeneic serum by modification with diluted tincture of iodine (J) or formocresol (FC). However, the synergistic action of formalin and cresol appeared to be an indispensable condition in acquiring immunogenicity of FC modified syngeneic serum (FC-MS). Moreover, immunological tolerance to native serum was not terminated after injection of J-MS or FC-MS. These proliferative functions were dependent on Lyt-1 cells. The cells directed against J- or FC modified syngeneic serum were specific for the immunizing hapten J or FC. However, they did not recognize the hapten per se, but rather, the conjugate specific determinants, i.e. these contributed by both the hapten and the self carrier. PMID- 3502322 TI - Pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Between 1983 and 1985, 71 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were evaluated. Pulmonary manifestations were present in 42 patients (59%). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was the most common pulmonary manifestation, present in 32 patients (45%). Other pulmonary findings were cytomegalovirus pneumonia (one patient), Candida pneumonia (one patient), cryptococcal pneumonia (one patient), bacterial pneumonia (three patients), nonspecific pneumonitis (three patients), Kaposi's sarcoma (one patient), and non Hodgkin's lymphoma (one patient). The presenting features of PCP were reviewed and in seven patients the chest X-ray and blood gases were normal at the time of diagnosis of PCP. Bronchoscopy was a safe and useful technique for obtaining specimens for diagnosis promptly, and a combination of samples obtained by bronchial washings/brushings and transbronchial biopsy was found to give a higher diagnostic yield than any single sample. Drug side-effects were common during therapy, requiring change of therapy in 16 patients. At one month after diagnosis 16% of patients with PCP had died. PCP is a common pulmonary manifestation in patients with AIDS which is treatable and has an initially favourable outcome. PMID- 3502323 TI - Purification and characterization of the extracellular alpha-amylase activity of the yeast Schwanniomyces alluvius. AB - The extracellular alpha-amylase activity of the yeast Schwanniomyces alluvius has been purified by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and N-terminal amino acid analysis of the purified sample indicated that the enzyme preparation was homogeneous. The enzyme is a glycoprotein having a molecular mass of 52 kilodaltons (kDa) estimated by SDS-PAGE and 39 kDa by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Chromatofocusing shows that it is an acidic protein. It is resistant to trypsin but sensitive to proteinase K. Its activity is inhibited by the divalent cation chelators EDTA and EGTA and it is insensitive to sulfhydryl-blocking agents. Exogenous divalent cations are inhibitory as are high concentrations of monovalent salts. The enzyme has a pH optimum between 3.75 and 5.5 and displays maximum stability in the pH range of 4.0-7.0. Under the conditions tested, the activity is maximal between 45 and 50 degrees C and is very thermolabile. Analysis of its amino acid composition supports its acidic nature. PMID- 3502324 TI - The action of MPTP on Macaca fascicularis nigral neurons. PMID- 3502325 TI - Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: association with severe depletion of T-helper lymphocytes in men with hemophilia. AB - We evaluated risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity in the wives/female sexual partners of hemophiliacs. One of the 6 seropositive women has developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At least three of the others seroconverted during 1985-86, after more than four years of regular sexual contact with a seropositive hemophiliac. HIV seropositivity was present in at least 5 (50%) of the 10 female partners of hemophiliacs with severe depletion of T-helper cells (less than 100/microliters), including 3 (43%) of the 7 female partners of hemophiliacs with AIDS. All 4 HIV seropositive women with available data had vaginal intercourse without a condom, but risk of seropositivity did not appear to be affected by the frequency of vaginal intercourse or by hysterectomy. Other sexually transmitted diseases, anal intercourse, or vaginal intercourse during menstrual periods were not necessary for HIV infection. These data suggest that heterosexual transmission of HIV can occur during routine vaginal intercourse but that it usually does not occur until the hemophiliac has severe immune deficiency late in the course of HIV infection. PMID- 3502326 TI - Mental health in Africa: I. The extent of mental health problems in Africa today. An update of epidemiological knowledge. AB - This paper is concerned with steadily developing knowledge of the epidemiology of some psychiatric disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. The diversity of 'Black Africa' is noted, and preconceptions about African psychiatry briefly discussed. Problems of sociological versus clinical philosophies are also mentioned. Early estimates of prevalence of psychiatric disorder in black Africa were universally low, being based on hospital data. More recent studies, sampling diverse populations, suggest a burden of psychiatric morbidity in black Africa which is not dissimilar to that found in more developed countries, and some studies suggest that rates in Africa may even be higher than in developed countries. PMID- 3502327 TI - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a general surgical unit. PMID- 3502328 TI - [404 mixed hemorrhoid patients treated with external excision and internal separation with high ligation]. PMID- 3502329 TI - [Blood loss of Chinese parturients during and 24 hours following delivery]. PMID- 3502330 TI - [Factors predisposed to uterine bleeding during cesarean section (an analysis of 470 cases)]. PMID- 3502331 TI - [Antenatal monitoring by pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein 125I radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 3502332 TI - Prevalence and incidence trends of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the population of the GDR. AB - Trends of prevalence and incidence rates of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-treated diabetes mellitus) were assessed in the population of the GDR based upon the National Diabetes Register and the Official Statistical Year Book as sources for the calculations. Within the 25-year follow-up period 1960-1984 the prevalence rose from 4.39%; to 31.95%; the incidence rate from 1.04%; to 3.57%. Age-dependence of the specific rates is characterized by their continuous rise above the age of 30 years reaching the peak prevalence of 146.6%; in 75- to 80-year-olds, that of 14.1%, for the incidence in people aged 70 to 75 years. A significant male preponderance was confirmed between the ages of 30 and 50 years, a significant overwhelming of female NIDDM in the age groups 60 to 90 years. Based on demonstrated correlations between the changes of living standard parameters and the epidemiological trend of NIDDM the conclusion is drawn that overnutrition and reduced muscular activity mainly account for the rise of diabetes morbidity in the population of the GDR. PMID- 3502333 TI - Tenoxicam--the other oxicam: Presentations to the IXth Congress of the Pan American League Against Rheumatism. PMID- 3502334 TI - [Ischemic necrosis of the pituitary of long standing. Clinical case]. PMID- 3502335 TI - Amniotic fluid steroid levels and fetal adrenal weight in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The concentration of 17-OH-progesterone was determined in second trimester amniotic fluid collected from 58 pregnancies at risk for fetal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The prediction was incorrect in 1 male nonsalt-loser who had an increased plasma 17-OH-progesterone concentration at 3 months of age. All 11 infants predicted to be affected were salt-losers. The adrenals from 2 affected fetuses available for study were significantly enlarged in comparison with adrenal size in 84 normal fetuses from 15 to 26 weeks' gestation. Amniotic fluid steroid analysis reliably predicts the fetus with 21-hydroxylase deficiency most at risk in early infancy. There is no evidence from this study to indicate that ACTH is not the main trophic factor for fetal adrenal growth and steroidogenesis. PMID- 3502336 TI - Left ventricular function following revascularization surgery. PMID- 3502338 TI - Accessory cell-independent activation of T cells by oxidized red blood cells plus polyethylene glycol. AB - We have previously shown that the combination of neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NAGO)-treated autologous erythrocytes (EOX) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is highly mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In this report, we show that EOX plus PEG-induced T lymphocyte proliferation is independent of HLA DR and Leu M3-positive accessory cells (AC). Purified T (pT) cells and PBL were equally stimulated by EOX + PEG, while pT cells were unresponsive to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), NAGO, and the anti-CD3 antibody UCHT1, even in the presence of PEG. These findings indicate that specific signals from AC may be replaced by unspecific stimuli in T cell activation. PMID- 3502337 TI - Veiled accessory cells deduced from monocytes. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured under conditions which prevent macrophage development. Media containing selected charges of fetal calf serum as well as a number of serum-free and protein-free media were found to convert monocytes into homogenous populations of loosely adherent veiled cells. After one week of culture, these cells developed dendritiform elongations. Functionally, these cells acquired an increased capability of serving as accessory cells in T lymphocyte mitogenic stimulation. Phenotypically, they were strongly reduced in macrophage markers such as nonspecific esterase, phagocytosis and Fc-receptors. The majority of the population was even negative for these markers. It thus appears that highly active accessory cells, which closely approach the phenotype of lymphoid dendritic cells, could be deduced from monocytes. These accessory cells could be maintained in culture for several weeks without proliferation and without converting to macrophages. They could further be induced to differentiate to macrophages by an activity present in human serum. Ontogenetically, the accessory state as described here is a differentiation stage preceding macrophage differentiation. When macrophages differentiate from monocytes, they have to pass the transient stage of increased accessory activity. PMID- 3502339 TI - A model of T cell-target interaction leading to lymphokine release. AB - Binding of antigenic cells by activated T lymphocytes can trigger the release of a number of soluble factors, including the lymphokine interleukin 3 (IL3). The cellular interactions between T cells and allogeneic cells which are involved in the triggering of lymphokine release from T cells are still poorly understood. We have examined the relationship between antigenic cell number, T cell number and IL3 release and have derived a steady state binding model which adequately accounts for the experimental data if it is assumed that triggering is an all or none phenomenon. We find that binding of at least two antigenic cells by an allo reactive T cell is necessary to trigger lymphokine release. PMID- 3502340 TI - Anti-tumour activity of aminopterin-monoclonal antibody conjugates; in vitro and in vivo comparison with methotrexate-monoclonal antibody conjugates. AB - Two related folate antagonists aminopterin (AMN) and methotrexate (MTX) were used to produce drug-antibody conjugates and their tumouricidal effects compared in vitro and in vivo. Active ester derivatives were produced with the use of N hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and covalently coupled to monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) reactive with murine cell surface antigens; approximately 11 molecules of AMN or 13 molecules of MTX were specifically bound per molecule of anti-Ly-2.1, with good retention of antibody activity and protein recovery. AMN was a more effective inhibitor of tumour cell growth in vitro than MTX, and AMN-anti-Ly-2.1 conjugates were also more potent in vitro than MTX-anti-Ly-2.1 conjugates. Although there was some loss of drug activity on binding to antibody, AMN-MoAb conjugates were as toxic as free MTX. However, in contrast to free drugs (which can act on any target), the toxicity of drug-MoAb conjugates was entirely specific for the target cells. In addition, AMN-MoAb conjugates were effective anti-tumour agents in vivo, and in mice bearing established thymoma grafts AMN MoAb conjugates inhibited tumour proliferation better than MTX-MoAb, free AMN or MTX or antibody alone. AMN coupled to specific MoAb is a potentially useful agent for immunotherapy and is of particular relevance in man as free AMN has been discarded because of its systemic toxicity. Now, coupled with antibody, there will be specific tumouricidal effects in the absence of toxicity. PMID- 3502341 TI - Unselective end-to-side proximal left-gastric-caval shunt without splenectomy. Indications and technique. AB - From 1976 to 1982, 104 patients with bleeding esophageal varices were treated surgically. In three patients a wide left gastric vein without portal flow was demonstrated by means of arterial splenoportography. Ascites estimated at between 4-to-6 liters was observed in two patients. Anemia, leukopenia and platelet counts below 85 X 10(9)/l were shown in all of three. Liver panangiography was performed on all three patients. Given the absence of portal flow, the presence of intractable ascites and the demonstration of a wide left gastric vein, we dissect this vein disconnecting it from the stomach, and performing the anastomosis between the proximal end of this vessel and the inferior vena cava (proximal unselective left gastric caval shunt). Ascites and esophageal varices disappeared in our three patients between one and three weeks after the operation. The shunts were patent between eight months to eight and a half years after the operation. All three patients are still living. PMID- 3502342 TI - Unusual lymphomas developing in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 3502343 TI - Newly synthesized compound, PABA-ursodeoxycholic acid, for evaluation of intestinal bacteria. PMID- 3502344 TI - ATP-induced calcium transient in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - To characterize the excitatory purinoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells and the biochemical mechanisms of their actions, the effects of ATP and other nucleotides on Ca2+ mobilization in cultured smooth muscle cells mainly from rat aorta were investigated. ATP induced a transient and dose-dependent increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. ATP also induced a rapid production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3). The agonist form of ATP was metal-free ATP and its half maximal effect was obtained at about 0.1 microM. 4-beta-Phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) or 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) inhibited both Ca2+ response and IP3 production. In addition, TMB-8 but not PMA, significantly decreased the amount of releasable Ca2+ presumably in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Pertussis toxin also inhibited the Ca2+ response. Based on the dose-dependent effects of various nucleotides and adenosine on the Ca2+ response, it was concluded that the P2 subclass of purinoceptor is involved in the observed ATP effects. In addition, the observed absence or very weak effect of alpha, beta-methylene ATP relative to the effect of ATP suggests that the excitatory P2-purinoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells do not form a homogeneous group, because the opposite order of potency for these two nucleotides was reported previously for the P2 purinoceptors involved in contraction of some isolated blood vessels. PMID- 3502345 TI - Structural gene of cytochrome b-562 from the cytochrome b-c1 complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. AB - The structural gene coding for cytochrome b-562 isolated from the cytochrome b-c1 complex of Rhodobacter (Rhodopseudomonas) sphaeroides has been cloned. Its nucleotide sequence has been determined and the amino acid sequence was deduced therefrom. It consists of 157 amino acids (Mr 17,237) and contains four hydrophobic segments. The first 30 residues in the predicted amino acid sequence are the same as those determined for the NH2-terminal portion of purified cytochrome b-562. The amino acid composition is in accord with that determined for the pure protein. From the hydropathy profile and molar ratio of protoheme to cytochrome b-562, it is suggested that the structural and functional unit of the cytochrome is a two-heme cross-linked homodimer. PMID- 3502346 TI - [Colored spatial mapping electrocardiography for detecting myocardial infarction]. AB - Colored spatial mapping electrocardiography (ECG) was developed for practical use from Frank lead vectorcardiography using a microcomputer system (CERX-CQ3001). Compared to body surface electrocardiography this new device facilitated easy recording and analysis for display on eight-colored spatial mapping electrocardiography at points equivalent to those on a terrestrial globe at intervals of 20 degrees longitude and 10 degrees latitude. In this study, the extent and direction of the Q waves were easily recognized with the aid of a colored display and mapping electrocardiography. To quantitatively evaluate infarct size, the total Q wave area (sigma Aq) was calculated from the mapping electrocardiograms of 12 patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction, and compared with thallium defect scores obtained by single photon emission CT (SPECT) and the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Defect scores were calculated using short-axis images. Sigma Aq was correlated with defect scores and EF (r = 0.83, 0.45, respectively). This new type of colored spatial mapping electrocardiography proved useful for detecting myocardial infarction and for evaluating infarct size. PMID- 3502347 TI - Enhancement of host defence by Y-19995 (2,4'-bis(1-methyl-2-dimethyl aminoethoxyl)-3-benzoylpyridine dimaleate), a novel synthetic compound. II. Activation of phagocytic cell functions. AB - A novel synthetic compound, Y-19995 potentiated phagocytic activity of rat or mouse peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro or in vivo, respectively. The agent enhanced NBT reducing capacities of rat and guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood ex vivo. Y-19995 restored from phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages suppressed by the treatment with prednisolone ex vivo. In addition, IL-1 production by mouse macrophages was augmented by culturing with the agent in vitro. Furthermore, Y 19995 potentiated both phagocytic activity and NBT reducing capacity of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. These results suggested that the activation of phagocytic cell functions by Y-19995 contributed to the enhancement of host defence in immunocompromised hosts. PMID- 3502348 TI - Cellular immunity to collagen in periodontal disease: role of T, B lymphocytes and adherent cells. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with periodontal disease and control subjects were fractionated into T enriched and B enriched lymphocyte populations and plastic adherent cells (PACs). T enriched and B enriched lymphocytes were cultured: (a) with human Type I collagen with varying concentrations of PACs and (b) without collagen, but with cells or supernatants from autologous and heterologous PACs which had been previously cultured with and without collagen. In patients with periodontal disease, both T enriched and B enriched blastogenic responses were higher than in control subjects, but B enriched cell responses of patients were highest. The addition of PACs had no significant effect upon the enriched T cell responses to collagen; the B enriched cell responses were enhanced in the presence of PACs, the maximum response occurring with the addition of approximately 10% PACs. T enriched cells did not appear to respond to the collagen co-cultured PACs or PAC supernatants; B enriched cells responded maximally to PACs co-cultured with collagen. Autologous PACs, co-cultured with collagen, induced higher responses than heterologous PACs similarly treated. PMID- 3502349 TI - [New technology of vaccine production--international prospect of the development. Synthetic peptide vaccines and protein engineering]. PMID- 3502350 TI - [Neoplastic angioendotheliosis like B-cell lymphoma]. PMID- 3502351 TI - [A cross-sectional study on physical training and blood zinc]. PMID- 3502352 TI - The mode of action of immunosuppressive drugs. AB - The immunosuppression first introduced in the 1950s acted indiscriminately, blocking or damaging all the cells that happened to be in mytosis. The toxic side effects were usually so severe that the overall results were not considered satisfactory. The major drawback to the commonly used combination of steroids and cytotoxic drugs is the high risk of overwhelming infections. The next step was the development of lymphocytotoxic drugs or procedures which were restricted to the elimination of the immunocompetent cells. This was achieved by the use of total lymphoid irradiation, thoracic duct cannulation, antilymphocyte globulin, L asparaginase and steroids. Steroids not only intervene at many points of the immune response, but they also possess a remarkable anti-inflammatory potency. The current or third stage is that of immunopharmacology, which is characterized by selective immunoregulation using compounds or methods that specifically modulate defined subpopulations of immunocompetent cells. Ciclosporin is the first drug that fulfilled these requirements to some extent and that has proved of permanent clinical value. The new technology of monoclonals has allowed the production of highly specific antibodies directed toward lymphocyte subsets. The modulation of lymphokines is another potential approach for both immunosuppression and immunostimulation. The final phase of immunosuppression will be the induction of antigen-specific depression of allograft reactivity. Classical transplantation tolerance has been induced in a developing immune system, but it is virtually impossible to achieve in a fully developed immune system. PMID- 3502353 TI - [Administration of antituberculous drugs to subjects with basic diseases. 4. Disorders of the eighth cranial nerve induced by streptomycin]. PMID- 3502354 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in a patient with ischemic heart disease and arteriosclerotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 3502355 TI - An observation of 1316 cases of hysterical paralysis treated by acupuncture. PMID- 3502356 TI - [Cefamandole and hemorrhagic disorders]. PMID- 3502357 TI - Labetalol in the treatment of patients with hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 3502358 TI - Interleukin-1 augments the interleukin-2-dependent generation of natural killer cells from bone marrow precursors. AB - We have studied the possible role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the interleukin-2 (IL-2) dependent development of mouse natural killer (NK) cells from primitive bone marrow (BM) precursors. Results indicate that both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta (1-10 U/ml) are able to stimulate the generation of NK cells from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistant BM progenitors. These precursor cells are asialoGM1-, Thy-1+, Lyt-1- and Lyt-2-. Effector cells generated by culturing with IL-2 (40 U/ml) and IL-1 (5 U/ml) are Thy-1+, asialoGM1+, Lyt-5+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2- and lyse only NK susceptible targets. Generation of NK cells is blocked by addition of anti-IL 2/r. These data indicate that IL-1 may play a role in the generation of mature NK cells from undifferentiated BM precursors. PMID- 3502359 TI - [Effect of adequate stimulation of the vestibular apparatus on the locomotor activity of the muscles in the fore- and hindlimbs of the guinea pig. Rotation relative to the lateral axis]. AB - Influence of adequate vestibular stimulation by tilting about a transverse axis on the locomotor activity of fore- and hindlimb muscles was investigated in precollicularly decerebrated guinea pigs. The locomotor activity was evoked by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. An increase in the forelimb extensors activity and a decrease in the hindlimb extensors activity in the support phase of the locomotor cycle were observed during head downward position, opposite changes of these activities were observed during head upward position. A decrease in the forelimb flexor activity in swing phase during head downward position and an increase in this activity during head upward position was registered. Phase shifts of the locomotor activity changes of forelimb extensors altered from 60 to -30 degrees, hindlimb extensors--from -150 to -220 degrees, forelimb flexors--from -140 to -220 degrees during sinusoidal tilting in frequency range of 0.02-0.4 Hz and amplitude +/- 20 degrees. Mechanisms of observed changes in the locomotor activity of muscles are discussed. PMID- 3502360 TI - The investigation of dementia syndromes by 133Xenon dynamic single photon emission computed tomography. AB - The patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease is compared with that of patients with dementia caused by multiple cerebral infarctions. A total of 47 patients were examined with 133Xenon SPECT. The results show that the global CBF correlates with the severity of dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease and that the two forms of dementia show two different patterns of disturbances. PMID- 3502361 TI - The myelon in cervical spinal canal stenosis: imaging by X-ray and MRI. AB - Methods which produce findings relevant to diagnosis and therapy of cervical vertebral canal stenosis are described. Especially MRI provides insights into the structure of the myelon; abnormal image signals may possibly correlate with cervical myelopathy based on disorders of microcirculation. PMID- 3502362 TI - Stability of wild-type and mutant RTEM-1 beta-lactamases: effect of the disulfide bond. AB - Uniquely among class A beta-lactamases, the RTEM-1 and RTEM-2 enzymes contain a single disulfide bond between Cys 77 and Cys 123. To study the possible role of this naturally occurring disulfide in stabilizing RTEM-1 beta-lactamase and its mutants at residue 71, this bond was removed by introducing a Cys 77----Ser mutation. Both the wild-type enzyme and the single mutant Cys 77----Ser confer the same high levels of resistance to ampicillin in vivo to Escherichia coli; at 30 degrees C the specific activity of purified Cys 77----Ser mutant is also the same as that of the wild-type enzyme. Also, neither wild-type enzyme nor the Cys 77----Ser mutant is inactivated by brief exposure to p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. However, above 40 degrees C the mutant enzyme is less stable than wild-type enzyme. After introduction of the Cys 77----Ser mutation, none of the double mutants (containing the second mutations at residue 71) confer resistance to ampicillin in vivo at 37 degrees C; proteins with Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Pro, His, Cys, and Ser at residue 71 confer low levels of resistance to ampicillin in vivo at 30 degrees C. The use of electrophoretic blots stained with antibodies against beta-lactamase to analyze the relative quantities of mutant proteins in whole-cell extracts of E. coli suggests that all 19 of the doubly mutant enzymes are proteolyzed much more readily than their singly mutant analogues (at Thr 71) that contain a disulfide bond.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502363 TI - [Incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in patients subjected to abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3502364 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of hanseniasis in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil (1973 1983)]. PMID- 3502365 TI - [Incidence of opportunistic infections in a Brazilian series of patients with AIDS]. PMID- 3502366 TI - [Clinical death]. PMID- 3502367 TI - [Quinolones: antimicrobials for the 90s]. PMID- 3502369 TI - Scintigraphic signs and pitfalls in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: the continued necessity of angiography. AB - Scintigraphy is useful in directing the angiographer to the source of bleeding and, if negative, in precluding emergency angiography, but it is not specific enough to supplant angiography totally. PMID- 3502368 TI - [Brain death: clinical and electroencephalographic aspects in 33 cases]. PMID- 3502371 TI - [Meteorotropism in degenerative rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 3502370 TI - I-123 HIPDM SPECT imaging and cerebral angiography for EC-IC bypass evaluation. AB - The use of SPECT in conjunction with I-123 HIPDM is a promising scintigraphic approach to the assessment of regional cerebral tissue perfusion. PMID- 3502372 TI - [Study of 1000 admissions for digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3502373 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the colon: presentation of 3 cases]. PMID- 3502374 TI - Spleen natural killer cell activity in mice implanted with allogeneic fibroblast like tumour cells following in vivo exposure to beta-interferon, interleukin-1 or indomethacin. AB - By using CBA/J mice as responders and a murine fibroblast-like cell line spontaneously transformed in vitro (Swiss-12) as the material to be implanted, the development of tumours and the natural killer (NK) cell activity levels in the spleen were tested, respectively, in relation to the in vivo administration of several immunomodulators; i.e., beta-interferon (beta-IF), macrophage-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1), or indomethacin (IND), as a prostaglandin inhibitor. For each immunomodulating agent, two separate schemes of administration were used as follows: for 14 days, on alternate days, preceding the tumour cell implantation, or for 14 days, on alternate days, after tumour cell implantation. In both schemes, beta-IF was able to reduce the tumour size as well as to stimulate the NK cell cytotoxicity. On the other hand, only pre-treatment with IL-1 and only post-treatment with IND exhibited such an effect. PMID- 3502375 TI - Subcutaneous phycomycosis mimics elephantiasis. AB - A case of subcutaneous phycomycosis involving the right thigh for 1 year duration which mimic elephantiasis was reported in a 21-year-old military man. An initial diagnosis was that of a subcutaneous tissue lesion attributed to parasitic manifestation but turned out to be that of subcutaneous fungal infection both clinically and histologically. The lesion was successfully treated with cotrimoxazole for a period of one month, and followed up for 4 1/2 months with complete cure. PMID- 3502377 TI - [The study of parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3502376 TI - A comparison of various methods for the determination of viability of parasitic flagellates. AB - To find out a simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable viability assay for in vitro anti-protozoa drug testing, a comparison among the various methods for the determination of flagellate viability was made. Micro-colony forming efficiency up to 90% for three different flagellates was obtained by the agar plate method. Macro-colony forming efficiency obtained by the culture tube method was generally lower (20-45%). Viability determined by trypan blue exclusion correlated closely with viability determined by micro-colony count (r = 0.94). The growth of the remaining parasites survived from serum treatment was not inhibited while that from metronidazole pretreatment was inhibited. The standard regrowth assay based on the 48-hr cultivation could be applied only for those survival not inhibited. The inhibitory effect of metronidazole on parasites was further testified by the longer generation time for metronidazole-pretreated flagellates in comparison with that for control (p less than 0.001). If the inhibitory effect of a drug is involved in the mechanisms against parasites, only the trypan blue exclusion and the micro-colony count can give an accurate and reliable viability determination. Moreover, the simple and rapid diagnosis provided by trypan blue exclusion is especially useful for the in vitro anti-protozoa drug susceptibility test. PMID- 3502378 TI - [A case of immunoblastic T cell lymphoma associated with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3502379 TI - T4 lymphopenia in human tuberculosis. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro in 13 patients with bacteriologically-proven tuberculosis and 12 matched controls, by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies have been studied. Active tuberculosis was associated with significant reductions in absolute numbers of total T (Leu 4 or 1+), T4 (Leu 3a+) and B (Leu 12+) lymphocytes, but there were no significant differences in total T8 (Leu 2a+) counts. In two patients, T4-lymphopenia was sufficiently profound to cause reversal of T4: T8 ratio (less than 1.2). These changes were not related to the radiological extent of the disease or size of the Mantoux reaction. Normal ranges for the different classes of lymphocytes were readily restored by chemotherapy. PMID- 3502380 TI - [Applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology]. PMID- 3502381 TI - [Immunohistological study of the conjunctiva of Mooren's ulcer]. PMID- 3502382 TI - [Immunological studies on corneal herpes infection--induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in spleen and cervical lymph nodes of mice]. PMID- 3502383 TI - [Chronic renal insufficiency and the vestibular system]. PMID- 3502384 TI - [Lower digestive hemorrhage of rare etiology: aberrant duodenojejunal pancreas]. PMID- 3502385 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in Hobart's dependent aged. AB - Psychiatric morbidity in the dependent aged was studied in the elderly population of Hobart's nursing homes and long-stay hospitals. Only patients with home addresses in Hobart and who were admitted for the first time aged 70 years or over were included. Three hundred and twelve persons were interviewed with a standard interview, and an informant was interviewed when appropriate. The medical records were searched for diagnoses and drug treatments. Physical disability was rated on an ad hoc scale. Comparisons were made of the prevalence of dementia, depression and anxiety in different types of unit, and between these and two domiciliary samples, one of which received domiciliary nursing services (n = 100) and the other not (n = 100). The differential use of institutions by men and women, and a possible sex difference in the prevalence of dementia is discussed. PMID- 3502386 TI - Diagnostic reasoning and treatment planning: II. Treatment. AB - The concepts of therapy-oriented and problem-oriented plans are discussed and their advantages and disadvantages considered. Goal-directed planning is proposed as an alternative to intuitive decision making. Goal-directed planning involves the abstraction of pivotal problems from a diagnostic formulation, the restatement of problems as goals, the selection of appropriate therapy, the designation of a target date, the stipulation of objectives, the selection of methods of evaluation and the monitoring of progress. Systematic goal-directed planning fosters teamwork, promotes accountability, obviates therapeutic drift and enhances outcome evaluation. Its chief disadvantage is its unfamiliarity. PMID- 3502387 TI - The effect of antibiotics on the intracellular survival of bacteria in human phagocytic cells. AB - [14C]-labeled josamycin (Wilprafen) readily enters several types of human phagocytic cells-polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs), adherent monocytes and alveolar macrophages - and is accumulated by these cells to a concentration about 20 times that in the extracellular medium. Similar studies using [14C]-benzyl penicillin revealed that the beta-lactam antibiotic penetrated these cells very poorly. Low concentrations of josamycin and the various phagocytes acted synergistically to inhibit the intracellular proliferation of L. pneumophila or H. influenzae. In contrast, penicillin G was not effective against legionellae ingested by PMNLs, monocytes or alveolar macrophages, even at high concentrations. The uptake of the antibiotics apparently correlates well with its efficacy against the intracellular survival of bacterial pathogens in human phagocytic cells. PMID- 3502388 TI - Enumeration of interleukin 2-producing cells from rat spleen. AB - A method for the enumeration of IL2-producing cells from rat spleen has been developed. Rat spleen cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A), washed, then mixed with IL2-dependent cells (3 day Con A blasts) and plated in soft agar. Clusters of IL2-dependent cells formed around IL2-producing cells, giving colonies which were easy to count under a dissecting microscope. All experimental factors influencing development of colonies of IL2-producing cells surrounded by IL2-dependent cells were evaluated and set up. Optimum number of effector cells was 2.5 x 10(5) cells/culture, while optimum number of IL2-dependent cells was 6 x 10(6) cells/culture. Optimum concentration of Con A for IL2 stimulation was 40 micrograms/ml with an optimal stimulation time of 10 hours. Optimum incubation time for development of IL2-producing cell colonies was 5 days. The number of IL2 producing cells by this technique had a good correlation with the level of IL2 in the cell culture fluid (r = 0.885). When colonies were aspirated from agar and stained by Wright stain, a big purple stained cell at the center was surrounded by small cells in almost all colonies examined. All cells from colonies were fluoresed with anti-mouse Thy 1.2-fluorescein conjugate. However, they were negative with anti-mouse Ig-fluorescein conjugate. The number of IL2-producing cells was 816-2080 cells/10(6) of rat spleen cells with mean +/- S.E.M. = 1404 +/ 154/10(6) cells. PMID- 3502389 TI - Measurement of immune complexes with the liquid phase C1q binding assay: ten years experience in a routine diagnostic laboratory. AB - We describe our 10 years experience in assaying over 15,000 clinical specimens for immune complexes (IC) using the C1q binding assay. Normal ranges were initially established using a large panel of blood donor sera and precision of the assay was optimized by inclusion of heat aggregated IgG (HAGG) as standards. Nevertheless some variability was observed due to variation in C1q binding from batch to batch and with aging of this reagent. In an empirically selected 2 year period involving over 3,000 clinical specimens, 25% had elevated concentrations of IC. Of these the majority were from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), other connective tissue disorders, infective endocarditis (IE), diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) and vasculitis (VASC). In RA, IE and VASC, significant correlations were observed between concentrations of IC and rheumatoid factor (RF) and the addition of a purified monoclonal RF to normal serum caused increased C1q binding. Longitudinal studies in RA and IE demonstrated a striking decline in IC in response to effective treatment. We conclude that the measurement of IC provides little additional useful diagnostic information in those diseases associated with high levels of RF but appears more useful in disorders such as SLE, IE and DILD in which RF is absent or present in low concentration. Sequential monitoring of IC in RA and IE reflects response to treatment. PMID- 3502390 TI - [Immunological follow-up of 95 HIV seropositive drug abusers in the bresciana area]. AB - We evaluated 95 HIV seropositive drug-addicts during a follow-up period of one year. The patients were classified and reclassified at each visit, according to the criteria proposed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1986. At the first visit the patients were classified as follows: 70 in IIa-IIIa, 23 in IIb IIIb and 2 in group IV. a and b indicate the absence or the presence of immunological and/or hematological alterations. 1 out of 70 IIa-IIIa patients versus 8 out of 23 IIb-IIIb patients developed AIDS in one year (p less than 0.001). Only one patient belonging to IIa-IIIa groups at the first visit progressed to AIDS in one year. This patient was reclassified in subgroup b after six months. No differences were noted among patients classified in IIb (5 patients) and IIIb (4 patients) who progressed to AIDS. Taken together these data indicate that the belonging to b subgroup is a risk factor for developing AIDS and the passage through a b subgroup (II or III) is a necessary step before the appearance of clinical manifestations of AIDS. PMID- 3502391 TI - Effect of hemoperfusion of cross-linked agarose coated activated charcoal (CAAC II) on T-lymphocyte function in rats and guinea pigs. AB - Blood of rats and guinea pigs on cross-linked agarose coated activated charcoal (CAAC-II) hemoperfusion was analyzed over a follow-up period of 48 hours for the capacity of T-lymphocyte to transform under the stimulation of mitogen (PHA) in vivo and in vitro respectively. In the rate hemoperfusion, the in vivo T lymphocyte transformation and lymphocyte count of peripheral blood were involved. In guinea pigs, the lymphocyte cultures were labelled with 3H-TdR and the radioactive incorporation was measured on the liquid scintillation counter. Our results revealed that the T-lymphocyte transformation function remained unchanged after 60-minute CAAC-II hemoperfusion although there was a transient and incomplete suppression of the T-lymphocyte transformation function both in vivo and in vitro immediately after the anesthesia and operation with blood vessel cannulation. The peripheral blood lymphocyte count also remained stable during the 60-minute CAAC-II hemoperfusion on rats and guinea pigs. We concluded that the charcoal hemoperfusion can be used as an important method of treatment for drug intoxication, uremia and hepatic coma with no harm to the body's immune function. PMID- 3502392 TI - The epidemiology of illicit drug use in Spain. AB - On the basis of a review of the available information, this article summarizes the situation, patterns and trends in respect of the use of cannabis, heroin and other opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens and inhalants, as well as multiple drug use. The review clearly shows that since the early 1980s there has been an increasing trend in the use of drugs, particularly heroin and cannabis. Drug use predominantly affects young people. The use of two or more drugs simultaneously or successively, often involving alcohol, is reported as the most common pattern of drug use among youth. Drug use has become incorporated into the current youth culture, with all the individual, social and economic implications this engenders. The average age of users at first use of inhalants was 16.3 years, cannabis 17.5 years, hallucinogens 18.8 years, cocaine 20.6 years and amphetamines 23.5 years. PMID- 3502393 TI - Drug-taking among Nigerian students at universities in the United States of America. AB - A sample survey of Nigerian students conducted by means of a self-administered drug use questionnaire at three universities in the United States of America showed that at some time in their lives 91.2 per cent of the respondents had used alcoholic beverages, 62.3 per cent tobacco, 30.6 per cent cannabis, 6.3 per cent inhalants, 19.7 per cent amphetamines or amphetamine-type substances, 4.6 per cent cocaine, 2.1 per cent hallucinogens, 23.8 per cent tranquillizers, 4.2 per cent sedatives, 4.2 per cent opium, 1.3 per cent heroin and 20.5 per cent other opiates. These substances were used for non-medical purposes. In addition, the results of the survey showed that in the last 12 months before the survey 79.1 per cent of the respondents had used alcoholic beverages, 41.8 per cent tobacco, 2.9 per cent inhalants, 19.2 per cent cannabis, 10.4 per cent amphetamines and amphetamine-type substances, 2.1 per cent cocaine, 1.7 per cent hallucinogens, 5.4 per cent tranquillizers, 2.5 per cent sedatives, 2.1 per cent opium, 1.3 per cent heroin and 8.8 per cent other opiates. The survey also showed that in the last 30 days before the survey 64 per cent of the respondents had used alcoholic beverages, 31.8 per cent tobacco, 2.1 per cent inhalants, 13.9 per cent cannabis, 5.3 per cent amphetamines and amphetamine-type substances, 0.8 per cent cocaine, 1.2 per cent hallucinogens, 2.1 per cent tranquillizers, 2.1 per cent sedatives, 2.1 per cent opium, 1.3 per cent heroin and 5.1 per cent other opiates. PMID- 3502394 TI - Prostaglandin formation in feline cerebral microvessels: effect of endotoxin and interleukin-1. AB - The pathogenesis of fever involves the appearance of interleukin-1 in the circulation in response to appropriate noxae (e.g., endotoxin) and subsequent generation of prostaglandin E2 in the CNS. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the cerebral microvasculature may function as a source of the fever-producing prostaglandin E2. Microvessels, consisting predominantly of capillaries, were isolated from the cat forebrain by selective sieving and glass bead elutriation. Preparations contained enzymes for the synthesis of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (hence prostaglandin I2), prostaglandin E2, and possibly prostaglandin F2 alpha. No prostaglandin D2 was detected, nor was evidence obtained for the formation of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1. Intact microvessels released prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha under basal conditions, the latter compound exceeding the former by about sevenfold. Endotoxin stimulated prostaglandin E2 release without significantly altering 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha release. In contrast, monocyte-derived interleukin-1 reduced the release of both compounds, while recombinant interleukin-1 was ineffective. Endotoxin stimulation is likely directed on the cleavage of substrate arachidonic acid from precursor lipids, while inhibition from monocyte derived interleukin-1 is ascribed to the presence of an interfering substance. This substance, like endotoxin, is thought to act prior to the cyclooxygenase cascade and its identity remains to be ascertained. We conclude that the cerebral microvasculature does not lend itself to an active role in the genesis of fever by being the site at which blood-borne interleukin-1 promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502395 TI - Qualitative measurements of the entry of L-lactate into single surface fibres of frog skeletal muscle using a lactate-sensitive microelectrode. AB - The present results demonstrate the sensitivity of the Corning chloride liquid ion exchanger 477913 to L-lactate. Microelectrodes filled with this exchanger showed responses to changes in L-lactate concentration in chloride-free solutions. In these experiments L-lactate replaced gluconate in equimolar amounts. Microelectrodes filled with this exchanger were used to qualitatively detect changes in intracellular anion in chloride-depleted frog sartorius muscle fibres during exposure to extracellular concentrations of L-lactate. The increase in intracellular anion concentration is consistent with the movement of L-lactate into the cell. This microelectrode enables one to qualitatively monitor changes in intracellular L-lactate in chloride-free experiments without incorporating selectivity coefficients. PMID- 3502396 TI - [Pharmacological study of infection of sansheng]. PMID- 3502398 TI - [Effect of shenqiwan on immunological function in the nephrotic syndrome of chronic glomerulonephritis patients]. PMID- 3502397 TI - [Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy in treating 330 cases of upper GI tract bleeding]. PMID- 3502399 TI - [Sedative, analgesic, antipyrexic and anti-inflammatory action of a neutral oil isolated from Ligusticus sinensis]. PMID- 3502400 TI - [Implant of artificial lens in the North region of France]. PMID- 3502401 TI - [Choroidal hematoma. Diagnostic problem]. PMID- 3502402 TI - Evaluation of mineral metabolism and bone turnover in osteoporotic females treated with phosphorus and salmon calcitonin. AB - Twenty-five patients with radiological and clinical evidence of osteoporosis were studied. Nineteen patients received oral phosphorus at a dose of 1,000 mg/die for 10 days followed by salmon calcitonin (100 U MRC/die) for 20 days. Six patients received only oral calcium at a dose of 1,000 mg/die). In the first group, a significant increase in serum osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone, after administration of phosphorus and persisting after treatment with salmon calcitonin, was found. No variation in the controls was observed. In a later study, a significant increase in serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), after receiving phosphorus and persisting after salmon calcitonin, was demonstrated. In accordance with the authors' results, phosphorus could be considered a useful activator of bone formation and this stimulus by parathyroid hormone was mediated. Finally, the positive effects of phosphorus on circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 must be considered for a good treatment protocol of osteoporosis. PMID- 3502403 TI - [Extracellular thermostable alpha-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus Q8]. AB - The alpha-amylase of Bacillus stearothermophilus Q8, previously isolated in our laboratory, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and CM-sephadex chromatography. The activity the of partial purified alpha-amylase was to be protected by bovine serum albumin Ca2+ and Mg2+. The enzyme showed 100% activity at pH 9.0; 98%, at pH 8.0 and 41%; at pH 10.0. It expressed optimal reaction temperature at 90 degrees C, 81% of the activities remained at 100 degrees C. After 15 min incubation at 100 degrees C with the addition of 10 mM Ca2+, the enzyme only retained 67% activity. The enzyme, however, retained 10% of the maximal activity after 2 h incubation at 90 degrees C, in the absence of substrate and with the addition of Ca2+. Of cations, Na+ at 0.1 and 1 mM, Mn2+ at 0.1 mM showed stimulatory effect; of anions OH-Cl-I-HCO3-NO2-N3- at 10 mM showed stimulatory effect. Addition of urea and KMnO4 resulted in the loss of enzyme activities; however, lower concentration of SDS and Tween 80 afforded protection of the enzyme activities. Galactose and maltose were non-inhibitory for the enzyme activities, while, fructose, mannose, xylose and lactose were slightly inhibitory. The relative hydrolysis sequence of polysaccharides were amylose greater than soluble starch = corn starch greater than glycogen. PMID- 3502404 TI - [Spontaneous gastric rupture in adults. Apropos of a case related to digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 3502405 TI - [A ten-family study of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 3502406 TI - Synthesis and analgesic antiinflammatory activities of 2-aryl-ethenyl-4-aryl thiazole-5-acetic acids. AB - A series of fifty-five 2-aryl-ethenyl-4-aryl-thiazole-5-acetic acids (IV-LVIII) were synthesized and evaluated for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Most of the synthesized compounds showed a good analgesic activity whereas some exhibited significant antiinflammatory activity. PMID- 3502408 TI - [Early mortality in digestive hemorrhages caused by the rupture of esophageal varices]. PMID- 3502407 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of acetamides, arylureas and 2-alkoxyphenyl-6 phenyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazole-[3,2-a]-S- triazin-5,7-diones derived from 2-amino 5-alkoxyphenyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazole. AB - The syntheses of some acetamides (II) and phenylureas (III) derived from 2-amino 5-alkoxyphenyl-1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazoles (I) and some 2-alkoxyphenyl-6-phenyl-1,3,4 oxa(thia)diazole-[3,2-a]-s- triazin-5,7-diones (IV) are described. Pharmacological tests showed antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of bicyclic derivatives. A probable influence of alkoxyphenyl substituents, present in three kinds of structures, was observed. PMID- 3502409 TI - [Anti-idiotype antibodies induced by monoclonal anti-HBs in syngenic mice]. PMID- 3502410 TI - Isolation and characterization of goat interleukin-2. PMID- 3502411 TI - Alpha-one antitrypsin in lung diseases. PMID- 3502412 TI - Identification of human B lymphocytes by bonnet monkey erythrocyte rosetting. PMID- 3502413 TI - Histiocytosis X. PMID- 3502414 TI - Severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage following accidental ingestion of tincture benzoin compound. PMID- 3502415 TI - Cloning and amplified expression in Streptomyces lividans of the gene encoding the extracellular beta-lactamase from Streptomyces cacaoi. AB - A 19 kb SphI DNA fragment containing the gene for the extracellular active-site serine beta-lactamase of Streptomyces cacaoi KCC-SO352 was cloned in Streptomyces lividans TK24 using the high-copy-number plasmid pIJ702 as vector. A 30-fold higher yield of beta-lactamase was obtained from S. lividans strain ML1, carrying the recombinant plasmid pDML51, than from S. cacaoi grown under optimal production conditions. In all respects (molecular mass, isoelectric point, kinetics of inhibition by beta-iodopenicillanate) the overproduced S. lividans ML1 beta-lactamase was identical to the original S. cacaoi enzyme. A considerable reduction of beta-lactamase production was caused by elimination of a 12.8 kb portion of the 19 kb DNA fragment by cleavage at an internal SphI site located more than 3 kb upstream of the beta-lactamase structural gene. The beta-lactamase gene was located within a 1.8 NcoI-BclI fragment but when this fragment was cloned in S. lividans pIJ702, the resulting strain produced hardly any more beta lactamase than the original S. cacaoi. PMID- 3502416 TI - Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis. Observations and results about 50 cases. AB - Fifty patients complaining of trigeminal neuralgia have been treated by Percutaneous Retrogasserian Glycerol Rhizotomy (PRGR) from September 1983 to December 1985. In 94% of cases the procedure was successful in relieving pain with minor facial sensory loss, in 29 cases confined to the affected divisions, in 13 cases extending in an adjacent division. A herpes eruption occurred in 39 patients. A partial relapse (not requiring re-operation) verified in 12 patients. Even it firm conclusions cannot be reached as to the efficacy of this therapy, till when longer duration follow-up studies will not available, it seems to offer a manageable and very efficient way of treating trigeminal pain, constituting a valid alternative to other percutaneous techniques of trigeminal rhizolysis. PMID- 3502417 TI - Esophageal variceal sclerotherapy using 3% phenol in glycerine. PMID- 3502418 TI - [An immunohistochemical study on bronchiolitis]. PMID- 3502419 TI - [Effects of ketoconazole on the immune system. II. Studies of the mechanism of action]. PMID- 3502420 TI - Dermatophytoses in Wurzburg 1976-1985. PMID- 3502421 TI - Prevalence of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in soil and dried dung of the premises of buffalo sheds. PMID- 3502422 TI - Single photon emission computed tomographic studies (SPECT) of hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy (HAPS) in patients with colorectal liver metastases: improved tumour targetting by microspheres with angiotensin II. AB - As intra-arterial chemotherapy for liver metastases of colorectal origin becomes accepted, methods of further improving drug delivery to the tumour have been devised. Degradable microspheres have been shown to reduce regional blood flow by transient arteriolar capillary block, thereby improving uptake of a co administered drug, when injected into the hepatic artery. In our study of five patients, we combined hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy (HAPS) and SPECT to assess the localization of approximately 1 X 10(5) labelled microspheres of human serum albumin (99Tcm MSA) in tumour. In addition, in three patients, we assessed the effect of an intra-arterial infusion of the vasoactive agent angiotension II during HAPS. Results were interpreted by comparing transaxial slices with corresponding slices of a tin colloid liver-spleen scan. Two of five patients showed good localization of 99Tcm MSA in tumour without an angiotensin II infusion. Of the three patients receiving angiotensin II, all showed good tumour targetting with the vasoconstrictor compared with only one of these three before its use. Thus, hepatic arterial infusion of angiotensin II greatly improves microsphere localization in tumour in some patients with colorectal liver metastases. This technique may be useful in the assessment of tumour targetting before and during locoregional therapy. PMID- 3502423 TI - Infantile hemorrhagic angiodysplasia. AB - We report a female infant who presented at birth with an unusual syndrome of disseminated cutaneous and gastrointestinal vascular malformations associated with severe thrombocytopenia and chronic gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The infant required extensive blood-product support and expired at 7 months of age. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of numerous flat vascular lesions, descriptively classified as angiodysplastic, and composed of congeries of dilated capillaries, arterioles, and postcapillary venules. No visceral space-occupying hemangiomas were found. The case is discussed in relation to a spectrum of congenital vascular malformation syndromes including disseminated neonatal hemangiomatosis and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Some pathologic characteristics appear to link it to the latter entity. However, other clinical and pathologic features distinguish it from the reported spectrum of congenital HHT, prompting its essentially descriptive designation. PMID- 3502424 TI - Translational repression in vitro by the bacteriophage T4 regA protein. AB - The bacteriophage T4 translational repressor regA protein has been purified from an overproducing strain, and its activity has been studied in simple in vitro protein synthesis reactions. RegA protein was found to inhibit the translation of T4 genes 44, 45, and ORF45-1 in a concentration-dependent fashion. Expression of two other T4 genes which are insensitive to regA protein in vivo, genes 32 and 43, was unaffected by the presence of regA protein. Specific inhibition of synthesis of genes 44, 45, and ORF 45-1 proteins was achieved with 5-20 microM concentrations of regA protein, without the addition of any other T4 encoded proteins or cofactors. When in vitro protein synthesis was performed in two steps, uncoupling translation from transcription, regA protein had an inhibitory effect regardless of whether it was added at the initiation of transcription or only at the translation step. This indicates that regA protein functions during the translation step of protein synthesis in vitro in agreement with previous in vivo studies of regA protein. PMID- 3502425 TI - [The concept of "basic therapy" in rheumatology]. PMID- 3502426 TI - [Immunological aspects in multiple sclerosis. I. Lymphocyte subpopulations and antilymphocyte antibodies]. PMID- 3502428 TI - [Study of the etiology of acute lung diseases of childhood by transthoracic lung aspiration. Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 3502427 TI - [Immunological aspects of multiple sclerosis. II. Characterization of antilymphocyte antibodies]. PMID- 3502429 TI - Fiber-optic chemical sensors (Gas-Stat) for blood gas monitoring during hypothermic extracorporeal circulation. AB - Measurements of pO2, pCO2 and pH by optical fluorescence microsensing technology has recently become available for monitoring blood gases during extracorporeal circulation ECC). We have compared simultaneous measurements with fiber-optic sensors (Gas-Stat, Bentley) and electrochemical sensors (ABL-4, Radiometer) on discrete samples. In 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during hypothermic (25 degrees C) ECC and hemodilution (hemoglobin concentration 4 mmol.l-1) arterial and venous pO2, pCO2 and pH were measured in-line in the extracorporeal circuit at the actual blood temperature. Simultaneous and anaerobically collected blood samples in glass syringes were analyzed within five minutes at 37 degrees C in the ABL-4. Linear regression analysis of the values at actual temperature shows the following equations: Gas-Stat = Y, ABL-4 = X: pO2 (kPa): Y = 1.04 X + 0.5 r = 0.95 n = 136; pCO2 (kPa): Y = 0.71 X + 1.5 r = 0.79 n = 136; pH: Y = 0.788 X + 1.590 r = 0.76 n = 136. The advantage of the Gas-Stat is continuous monitoring of blood gas parameters during ECC. The present study shows that measurements of pO2, pCO2 and pH with fiber-optic chemical sensors may be reliable. The differences between the two principles of measurement may be due to unknown factors interfering with the in-line measurements or to variations in sensitivity and stability of the individual sensor. PMID- 3502430 TI - Impact of smoking on the concentration and activity of alpha-1-antitrypsin in serum in relation to the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline. AB - The impact of active and passive smoking on the serum levels of alpha 1-AT, the trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC), the trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) and the urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio (HOP-ratio) was studied. The subjects used in the study on active smoking were 167 healthy adult men and in the study on passive smoking 189 healthy primary school children. Serum levels of alpha 1 AT in active smokers were significantly higher than those in non-smokers. The TIC as well as the TIA in active smokers decreased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked. The urinary HOP-ratio increased significantly with increasing number of cigarettes smoked. On the other hand, in the case of passive smokers a significant difference was obtained only for the HOP-ratio. The correlations between all markers in active smokers were significant. Less significant correlations were found in the case of passive smokers. These results suggest that the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline can be considered as a marker for the imbalance between proteases and anti-proteases as a result of smoking. PMID- 3502431 TI - Effect of magnetic field on the contractility and glycogen content in neuromuscular preparation. AB - The influence of static homogeneous magnetic fields, ranging from zero to 10,000 Oe, was measured on isolated frog neuromuscular preparation. On the fatigue curve, exposure of 10,000 Oe caused the tension development to intensify gradually for the first 1-3 min and the time reached to a fatigued-muscle, not responsive to electrical stimulation, was reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) in comparison with control. No change in muscle surface temperature or in decrease in the rate of glycogen contents could be obtained either in exposed muscle or in control. Calcium pumping action on the intracellular membrane of exposed-muscle was discussed. PMID- 3502432 TI - Effects of biological response modifier on thoracic duct lymphocytes in recurrent gastric cancer. Evaluation of OK-432, a hemolytic streptococcus preparation. AB - In 9 patients with recurrent gastric carcinoma treated with intracutaneous injections of a hemolytic streptococcal preparation of OK-432 (PIC), the T/B cell ratio, the number of IgG-Fc receptor positive (T gamma) cells, the degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin-A (Con-A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and the activity of natural killer cells (NK) in the thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were measured. In thoracic duct lymph, the T cell to B cell ratio was higher than that found in peripheral blood. The proportion of T gamma cells and the natural killer cell activity was found to be considerably lower in TDL than PBL, though there was a higher degree of blastoid transformation of lymphocytes in response to Con A and PHA in TDL. After the administration of PIC, there was no significant difference in T/B cell ratios and T gamma cell proportion between TDL and PBL, though the lymphocytic blastoid transformation in response to Con-A and PHA decreased in TDL but not in PBL. PIC administration appeared to augument natural killer cell activity in both TDL and PBL. PMID- 3502434 TI - [Peripheral blockade established employing a nerve stimulator, venflon and venflon connection]. PMID- 3502433 TI - Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Somalia: inference from a cross-sectional survey of serological markers. AB - Hepatitis B markers were determined by radioimmunoassay in 383 adults from different areas of Somalia and in 135 pregnant females and 428 children from Mogadishu. The highest incidence of HBsAg among adults was among nomadic males (20/85; 23%). The frequencies were lower in males from the agricultural and coastal area, i.e. 16/93 (17%) and 14/98 (14%) respectively. The lowest frequency of HBsAg was among women from the coastal area (6/72; 8%). Among the pregnant women 14 were positive for HBsAg, none of whom had HBeAg. Low levels of positivity for HBsAg were found both among children under 4 years and among those between 4 and 13 years of age - 3/94 (3%) and 5/128 (4%) respectively. In the age group 15-19 years, 50% showed seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe. 7 out of 41 HBsAg carriers of ages over 20 had HBeAg. Early seroconversion from HBeAg to anti HBe and a low level of HBsAg positivity in children indicate that vertical transmission is not important in Somalia. The low frequency of HBsAg in Mogadishu children may have one of the following explanations: (i) the infection occurs during adolescence, (ii) Mogadishu is a low-prevalence area and the examined adults were not born in Mogadishu, or (iii) a change in hepatitis B epidemiology has taken place in the area during the last 2 decades and the relatively higher prevalence of HBsAg in adults might reflect higher rates of infection in their childhood. PMID- 3502435 TI - [The macrophage hormone interleukin 1 (IL-1) and the tumor necrosis factor. Biological and physiopathological significance]. PMID- 3502436 TI - Clinical growth standards for Irish children. AB - A cross-sectional study, measuring height and weight, was performed on a representative sample of 3,509 Irish children aged from 5 to 19 years inclusive. Comparison with other countries showed a significantly later pubertal growth spurt than either the U.K. or the U.S. However, the final adult height and weight are similar to other countries as in the weight-for-height of children aged 5 to 9 years. The urban children are taller than the rural and the higher socio economic groups are taller than the lower at all ages, but all achieved the same final adult height. Longitudinal tempo-conditional growth standards were constructed based on the Irish cross-sectional and menarche data together with all the available information from longitudinal studies. These charts are similar to those of the U.K., but the use of colours allows more information to be put on the charts, thus making them more suitable for clinical use. PMID- 3502437 TI - Thalamic stimulation effects on reactive depression. AB - Depression was evaluated in 10 patients before and after therapeutic mesothalamic brain stimulation for chronic pain. Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory T scores for depression were high in all patients before stimulation. Scores were decreased in 8 of 10 patients with chronic deep brain stimulation, three of whom returned to normal. Pain relief was good to excellent in 9 of 10 patients. It is concluded that depression is secondary to pain or pain-inducing factors which implicate the catecholamine and serotonergic systems. PMID- 3502438 TI - Computer-controlled, patient-interactive, multichannel, implanted neurological stimulators. AB - Programmable implantable neurological stimulation systems with multiple electrodes have many advantages in clinical use, but time-consuming postoperative adjustment of stimulation parameters is a distinct disadvantage. A personal computer interface to standard commercial radiofrequency-coupled devices has been developed, permitting direct patient interaction to expedite this process. In addition, the system permits simulated multichannel operation and implementation of various modulation schemes. PMID- 3502439 TI - Five-and-a-half years' experience with percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. AB - The results of treating trigeminal neuralgia with percutaneous retroganglionic glycerol rhizotomy in 319 patients from an overall series of 394 patients with 459 operations carried out over a period of 5 1/2 years are reported. Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia was the diagnosis in 252 patients. 34 patients had trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis. The remaining 33 patients suffered from symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia or atypical facial pain. 230 patients (91.3%) with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and 30 patients (88.2%) with multiple sclerosis reported complete freedom from pain. In 12 patients (4.8%) of those with tic douloureux and in 1 patient (2.9%) with multiple sclerosis, pain was alleviated, and the patients required a reduced pharmacotherapy. 10 patients (3.9%) and 3 patients (8.8%) were considered to be treatment failures. The rate of recurrences within the first 2 years was 10.9 and 40.0%, respectively. In the long-term, the rate of recurrences in patients with tic douloureux was 36.9%. 144 patients (45.1%) noticed a hypesthesia. 132 patients (41.4%) had hypalgesia following the procedure, and there was a decrease of symptoms in the long-term observation in 20.0% of the patients. 59 patients (18.5%) developed dysesthesia postoperatively which regressed only to an inappreciable extent in the long-term course. In 16 patients (5.0%) exclusively with a preexisting organic lesion or who had received surgical pretreatment, there was a loss of corneal sensation. The investigation showed on the one hand the effectiveness of the method, but on the other hand also the possibility of marked sensory disorder in selected cases. PMID- 3502440 TI - Brainstem discharge sites: therapeutic targets for chronic pain. AB - Optimum mesothalamic targets for therapeutic electrode implants are characterized by (1) spontaneously occurring focal discharges, (2) attenuation of the discharges by electrical stimulation, and (3) stimulation-induced pain relief. PMID- 3502441 TI - Chronic pain syndromes. AB - Brainstem-scalp discharge propagation was evaluated in 20 patients with chronic pain, of which 10 were ranked according to the frequency of involved systems making up the chronic pain syndrome. It is concluded that brainstem discharges alone were sufficient to generate the chronic pain syndrome. PMID- 3502442 TI - A new method for targeting a spinal stimulator: quantitatively paired comparisons. PMID- 3502443 TI - Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 3502444 TI - Epidural spinal cord stimulation in the management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. PMID- 3502446 TI - Epidural spinal cord stimulation and carry-over effect in chronic spinal cord injury patients. PMID- 3502445 TI - Computerized 22-channel stimulator for limb movement. AB - The Nucleus 22-channel implantable hearing prosthesis (Cochlear Pty. Ltd., Lane Cove, Sydney, Australia) has been modified by computer programming (MOCO, Inc., Scituate, Mass. USA) into a functional electrical stimulator. Individual or multiple channels can be sequenced and adjusted for their amplitude, width and frequency of the pulse so that activation of single and multiple nerves can be achieved. Sciatic nerve branches (lateral and medial) of anesthetized rabbits were stimulated to produce single contractions or co-contraction at the ankle and simultaneous bilateral joint movements. The spiral (Helix) electrode was also found suitable in these experiments. The external equipment is being re-designed for a wearable ambulation unit to be used in paraplegic subjects. PMID- 3502447 TI - Cerebellar stimulation for spastic cerebral palsy--double-blind quantitative study. AB - Thirty spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patients were involved in a double-blind quantitative study to determine the effectiveness of chronic cerebellar stimulation, (CCS) and 19 patients completed the testing. Of the 12 patients undergoing the five motor performance tests, 8 (66%) showed improvements with the stimulation. Of the 16 patients tested for active motion in seven bilateral joints, 10 (63%) showed increases with CCS. Profiles of six mood states were tested in 15 patients, and CCS produced an overall 15% improvement. PMID- 3502448 TI - Epidural spinal cord stimulation in spastic spinal cord injury patients. PMID- 3502449 TI - Double vision corrected by thalamic stimulation. AB - Three patients with chronic headaches also complained of double vision. Additional findings were bilateral eye blinking in 1 patient and ipsilateral eye roll in another which became synchronous with heart rate during perturbation of the mesothalamic area. Mesothalamic stimulation attenuated the discharges and the above signs and symptoms. Mechanisms underlying these ocular disturbances are discussed. PMID- 3502450 TI - Effect of linkage variation on pharmacokinetics of ricin A chain-antibody conjugates in normal rats. AB - We have investigated the pharmacokinetics of three ricin A chain-antibody conjugates having different bridging structures. Conjugate 1 has a disulphide linkage and was prepared with the N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate cross-linking reagent. Conjugate 2 has a protected disulphide linkage with a methyl group substituted on the carbon atom of the bridging structure adjacent to the disulphide linkage. Its preparation necessitated the synthesis of a new cross linking reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-butyrate. Conjugate 3 has a sulphide linkage and was prepared with the cross-linking reagent N-succinimidyl 4 (iodoacetylamino)benzoate which was synthesized by a novel route. Conjugate 1 is reducible, conjugate 2 less easily reducible and conjugate 3 nonreducible. On administration to animals all three conjugates displayed biphasic kinetics. The reducibility of the bond had no significant effect on the early disappearance of the conjugate from the circulation. However, at the later time points ease of reduction of the bond was associated with a more rapid disappearance of conjugate. PMID- 3502451 TI - On immunobiology of experimental leishmaniasis. PMID- 3502452 TI - Differentiation and maturation of functional T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus. II. Generation of T cell specificities and functions from a single stem cell. PMID- 3502453 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the immunogenicity of monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin in rats. AB - This study was performed to determine the effect of treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) on the formation of antimurine and anti-ricin A chain antibodies in rats treated with a murine monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxin (IT). Animals received treatment with either IT alone or IT plus CY. IT treatment consisted of daily IV injections at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. CY treatment consisted of a 25 mg/kg IP dose on day -1 followed by daily IP doses of 5 mg/kg/day on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. Antibody binding activities in treated animals were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reported as optical density values. Rats treated with IT plus CY had lower binding activity on day 7 (0.09 vs 0.6; p = .02), day 14 (0.42 vs 1.22; p = .001), and day 21 (0.11 vs 1.3; p = .001) compared to rats treated with IT alone. Lower levels of anti-ricin A chain binding activity were observed in CY treated rats on day 14 (0.35 vs 1.25; p = .001), but not on day 7 or day 21. These results indicate that treatment with CY can abrogate the immune response to murine antibody and partially abrogate the immune response to ricin A chain. PMID- 3502454 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate after methotrexate infusions. AB - Methotrexate was administered by IV infusion, 2g (1.19 +/- 0.05 g/m2) over 24 hours, to a homogeneous group of patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Three courses were given at three week intervals. Methotrexate and 7-hydroxy methotrexate plasma and urine pharmacokinetics were investigated. The average terminal half-lives of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate in plasma were 15.02 and 15.19 hours respectively. The area under concentration-time curve was 723.8 +/- 196.4 microM x h for methotrexate and 598.1 +/- 212.5 microM x h for 7 hydroxy-methotrexate. The total average urinary excretions of methotrexate and 7 hydroxy-methotrexate over a 96 hour period were 52% and 5.4% respectively. Urinary clearance of methotrexate was 3.46 +/- 1.4 1/h. In contrast, urinary excretion of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate was not linear. These results confirm the protein binding of metabolite to serum albumin and may suggest that distribution of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate is different from unchanged drug or that the metabolite can be eliminated by another route, such as bile. PMID- 3502455 TI - Midazolam causes no adverse hemodynamic effects in cardiac patients. AB - The effects of midazolam on hemodynamic measures were evaluated in 30 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. The patients were spontaneously breathing 40% oxygen in air and no postural changes or surgical manipulations were allowed before or during the study. Before and 10 minutes after completion of the intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg of midazolam, the following hemodynamic variables were determined: direct radial artery pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output by thermodilution in triplicate via a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter, and electrocardiograms. Significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in systolic systemic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, systemic diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular stroke work index were observed after midazolam administration. No other hemodynamic changes were statistically significant. Thus midazolam per se caused no adverse, but rather favorable, cardiocirculatory effects since it reduced cardiac work without altering cardiac contractility. PMID- 3502456 TI - The effect of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation on the humoral immune response in mice. AB - A study was made of the effect of humoral factors, isolated from bone marrow cell (BMC) supernatant fluid and capable of modifying CFU-S proliferation, on the generation of IgM plaque-forming cells (PFC) against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice after adoptive transfer. Adoptive transfer of BMC, preincubated with the humoral factor RBME-III, which stimulates CFU-S proliferation, was shown to suppress the splenic PFC generation in recipients; treatment of BMC with a further factor NBME-IV, which inhibits CFU-S proliferation, was followed by augmentation of PFC generation. Similar effects were obtained while studying the IgM PFC generation in the bone marrow of mice after secondary immunization when relevant factors were injected, in vivo, 24 hr following primary immunization. The results of adoptive transfer experiments indicate that populations of T- and B-cells are not the targets for the action of CFU-S proliferation regulatory factors. These factors are shown to modulate the erythroid differentiation of CFU S. The possibility of quantitative modification of immune response parameters with the help of bone marrow factors that influence the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-S is discussed. PMID- 3502457 TI - Genital tuberculosis at the University of Benin teaching hospital: a nine year review. PMID- 3502459 TI - [Measuring human alpha 1-antitrypsin function]. PMID- 3502458 TI - Gene-protein assignments within the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica dsRNA viral genome. AB - Some strains of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica possess virus-like particles (VLPs) which encapsidate a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome designated Ly. We report here that these VLPs have two associated polypeptides of molecular weights 83 kd (VLy-P1) and 77 kd (VLy-P2). Denatured Ly-dsRNA was used to program a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte translation system, resulting in the appearance of four major products, viz. Ly-P1 (83 kd); Ly-P2 (77 kd); Ly-P3 (74 kd) and Ly-P4 (68 kd). The in vivo viral-associated protein VLy-P1 co-migrated on SDS-polyacrylamide gels with the in vitro product Ly-P1 and, similarly, VLy-P2 co-migrated with Ly-P2. Peptide mapping data confirm the identity of the in vivo products (VLy-P1 and VLy P2) and their in vitro counterparts. The conclusion made is that VLy-P1 and VLy P2 are almost identical primary translation products of the Ly genome, derived from a single or multiple species of Ly-dsRNA. RNA blot hybridizations using L1A M1 and separately, L2A M2 probes prepared from appropriate K1 and K2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer strains, failed to show any detectable homology to Ly-dsRNA, substantiating the uniqueness of the Ly genome with respect to the K1 and K2 S. cerevisiae dsRNA killer systems. PMID- 3502460 TI - Lymphotoxin: cloning, regulation and mechanism of killing. AB - The gene for murine lymphotoxin (MuLT) has been cloned from a cDNA library prepared using poly(A)+ RNA from an activated murine IL-2-maintained cloned T cell line (21C11). This was accomplished with a MuLT BamHI fragment isolated from a murine genomic library by hybridization to a human LT cDNA probe. Northern blot analysis with RNA from 21C11, an L3T4+ (CD4+-equivalent) ovalbumin-specific class II-restricted T cell line, revealed a 15S band that hybridized to this MuLT fragment. A cDNA library prepared with poly(A)+ RNA from 21C11 cells contained 36 colonies that hybridized with the MuLT BamHI fragment. A full-length cDNA has been isolated, sequenced, expressed in COS-1 cells and used to map MuLT to mouse chromosome 17. The sequence and structure of the MuLT gene has been determined. MuLT cDNA has been used to analyse mRNA expression in several L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ (CD8+-equivalent) T cell clones activated with antigen, mitogen, or antibody to the T cell receptor. LT is expressed by both class I- and class II-restricted T cells. The mechanism of killing by both LT and the functionally related molecule TNF-alpha includes the induction of DNA fragmentation in the target cell. PMID- 3502461 TI - The role of phospholipase activation in cell killing. PMID- 3502462 TI - [Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood in patients with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 3502463 TI - [Myasthenia gravis patients with pyramidal signs. Report of 5 cases]. PMID- 3502464 TI - Studies on hypothalamo-pituitary corticoliberin system. II. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and neurophysin (NP) immunoreactive neurocytes in the hamster. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate CRF- and neurophysin-immunoreactive neurocytes in hypothalamo-pituitary system of the hamster. CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed mainly in the outer layer of the median eminence and pituitary stalk and also in the neurohypophysis. On the contrary, neither intermediate lobe nor anterior pituitary contained CRF-immunoassayable substance. The pattern of distribution of neurophysin-immunoreactive fibres was different from CRF-immunoreactive fibres as far as a median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis are concerned. Between the tannocytes of the III ventricle and nervous fibres forming the internal layer of the median eminence a CRF- and neurophysin-immunoreactive perikaryons of neurocytes were found. Results of the study suggest regulatory function of CRF-immunoreactive neurons of the hamster hypothalamo-pituitary system in controlling of ACTH secretion. Moreover, the distribution of CRF-immunoreactive substances in hamster hypothalamo-pituitary system shows some peculiarities if compared with other rodents. PMID- 3502465 TI - [Positron CT and endocrinology]. PMID- 3502466 TI - Influence of albumin on granulocyte and macrophage colony-forming efficiency. AB - Mouse granulocyte and macrophage precursors were assayed in plasma clot and fibrin clot cultures, and the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on colony formation was investigated. The number of granulocyte colonies (CFU-g) and clusters increased as the albumin concentration was increased and the number of macrophage colonies (CFU-m) and clusters concomitantly decreased. The albumin mediated suppression of macrophage colony formation was overcome by the addition of more than 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the plasma clot culture. The effect of BSA and fatty-acid-free BSA on colony-forming efficiency was also tested in fibrin clot cultures containing 10% FBS. Both BSA and fatty-acid-free BSA at a final concentration of 0.5-2% enhanced CFU-g colony formation, while both forms of BSA reduced the number of CFU-m colonies. However, neither BSA nor fatty-acid free BSA had any effect on colony formation in FBS-free fibrin clot cultures, and only BSA enhanced colony formation when transferrin, linoleic acid, alpha thioglycerol and dextran were added to the culture. The number of CFU-g (15.6 +/- 3.1) was higher in cultures containing BSA, transferrin, etc., than the number (9.8 +/- 2.5) in cultures without BSA and including transferrin, etc., than the number (9.8 +/- 2.5) in cultures without BSA and including transferrin, etc. (p less than 0.01). The number of CFU-m (32.0 +/- 6.8) in cultures containing BSA and the other four factors was lower than the number (72.2 +/- 5.6) in the culture without BSA (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502467 TI - Colour blindness--a rural prevalence survey. PMID- 3502468 TI - Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. PMID- 3502469 TI - [Prevention of post-extraction hemorrhage]. PMID- 3502470 TI - Photography of ectopia lentis. PMID- 3502471 TI - Enhancement of immune response of murine Peyer's patches by a diet supplemented with yogurt. AB - The first line of defense against pathogens that enter the host by the oral route involves the Peyer's Patches (PP). For centuries many populations of the mediterranean basin have empirically administered soured milk (yogurt) to prevent and treat diarrhoea and entero-colitis. Recent reports have offered evidence in favour of a possible influence of yogurt on the host's immunocompetence. Scope of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a diet supplemented with yogurt on the PP from BALB/c mice. The results reported here suggest that yogurt feeding potentiates the host's cell-mediated immune response by increasing the percentage of B lymphocytes and the PHA and LPS-induced proliferative responses of PP cell suspensions. PMID- 3502472 TI - Immunobeads test (antibody coated polyacrylamide beads) in the immunological characterization of lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Three groups of patients with immunoproliferative disorders (15 multiple myeloma, 11 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 21 chronic lymphocytic leukemia) were studied by immunological characterization and compared to a group of 20 normal subjects (controls) using anti-immunoglobulin coated polyacrylamide beads (T-B Quantigen test, QT), erythrocyte rosettes (ER), surface immunoglobulin (SIg), and monoclonal antibodies for T and B cells (OKT3; OKT11; OKT8; OKT4; IaDR); null cells (NC) and double marker (DM) cells were also considered. The values for normal subjects for T-B, NC and DM cells were comparable. Results for the patient groups strikingly differed. There were progressively larger differences between the T and B percentages obtained with different techniques. The largest differences were seen in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the smallest in multiple myeloma patients; values were intermediate in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The different findings were related to the number of DM cells (ER+, SIg+ QT+) and the different tests used. The importance of these findings in the diagnostic approach to lymphoproliferative disorders is discussed. PMID- 3502473 TI - Epidural spinal electric stimulation in the treatment of ischemic pain. AB - Among the analgetic methodologies, epidural spinal stimulation is playing an important role in the treatment of obliterating arteriopathies. Physiopathogenetic hypotheses as well as the main indications, contra-indications and the technique performed are examined. Twenty-four patients (18 males and 6 females) underwent spinal electric stimulation and were all monitored through angiography and preliminary examinations (Doppler velocimetry, plethysmography, Laser Flo, cycloergometer test) which were repeated during the period of temporary and after the permanent stimulator was implanted. The results obtained show that electric stimulation is a reliable technique when the medical or surgical treatments are successful. PMID- 3502474 TI - Tuftsin and tuftsin conjugates potentiate immunogenic processes: effects and possible mechanisms. AB - The immunoglobulin heavy chain associated tetrapeptide, tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro Arg), known for its phagocytosis-stimulating activity was found to augment the antigen presenting capacity of macrophages in culture when applied simultaneously with the antigen. To study the immunogenic effect of tuftsin in vivo the peptide was coupled covalently to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) antigens to form stable entities. Tuftsin-antigen conjugates were found to be very potent immunogens as tested by their capacity to increase antigen presentation in culture in primary and secondary responses. Thus, monolayers of macrophages pulsed in vitro with KLH-tuftsin conjugates exerted a stronger immunogenic effect than KLH alone. BSA, which by itself was not immunogenic, when applied to macrophages as tuftsin conjugate evoked a high lymphoproliferative immune response. In vivo, BSA conjugated to tuftsin, when injected in aqueous solutions, augmented significantly antibody production, whereas administration of BSA alone or BSA admixed with tuftsin had no immunogenic effect. Studies conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the activation of the immunogenic function of macrophages by the peptide revealed that treatment of cells with antigen and tuftsin increases secretion of interleukin-1 and expression of cell surface Ia encoded antigens. The effect of tuftsin on increasing the immunogenic capacity of antigens may at least partly be attributed to these effects. PMID- 3502475 TI - [Detection of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) in children with asthma]. PMID- 3502476 TI - Mode of action of a B cell potentiation factor spontaneously produced by T cells in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. AB - Splenic T cells of young MRL/l mice, one of the murine lupus strains, were found to produce a factor which potentiates antibody production [T. Ashiba, A. Hishinuma, Y. Imai, T. Osawa: Int. Archs Allergy appl. Immunol. 83, 321-324 (1987)]. In this paper, evidences are presented for the fact that the factor augments antibody production not by enhancement of helper activity of T cells or effectiveness of antigen-presenting cells, but by direct action on B cells. PMID- 3502477 TI - Separation of trophozoites of Pneumocystis carinii from lung of the inoculated nude rat. PMID- 3502478 TI - Effect of corticosteroid on passively transferred experimental allergic neuritis. AB - Effect of prednisolone on experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats was studied. In order to exclude the influence of residual antigens, we evaluated the effect in EAN passively transferred with living lymphoid cells. Prednisolone, when administered after the passive transfer, prevented EAN both clinically and histologically, but when administered after the clinical onset, it had little influence on the course of the disease. Prednisolone was suspected to have suppressed the sensitized cells, but to have had no remarkable effect after the clinical onset. PMID- 3502479 TI - [Production and response to interleukin-2 in primary glomerular diseases]. PMID- 3502480 TI - [BCG-instillation therapy in superficial bladder tumor--host immune response elicited by local application of BCG]. PMID- 3502481 TI - Effects of stimulation parameters on modification of spinal spasticity. PMID- 3502483 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on dopamine level in the mouse brain after intoxication with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). PMID- 3502482 TI - Effect of histamine and antihistamines on interleukin-1 production by human monocytes. AB - This study was carried out on the effect of histamine hydrochloride and its antagonists on the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated adherent human monocytes (AHM) from normal healthy blood donors. IL-1 activity was evaluated by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine in mouse thymocytes in samples of 1:3 dilution. The result indicated that histamine hydrochloride significantly suppressed IL-1 production by AHM at 10(-3) M and 10(-10) M in 14 donors with maximal suppression observed at 10(-3) M. A 1-hr incubation with histamine hydrochloride (10(-3) M) before addition of LPS was found to be appropriate. Cimetidine, an H2-antagonist at 10(-3) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-7) M significantly inhibited the effect of histamine hydrochloride (10(-3) M) and gave maximum inhibition at 10(-5) M, whereas chlorpheniramine maleate, and H1 antagonist had no significant inhibitory effect at the concentrations studied (10(-4) M, 10(-5) M, and 10(-7) M). Histamine hydrochloride (10(-3) M) added alone had no significant suppressive effect, while cimetidine (10(-5) M) alone had a significant stimulatory effect on IL-1 production by AHM. PMID- 3502484 TI - Effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on the respiratory activity of dopaminergic neurons in the mouse brain. PMID- 3502485 TI - Vitamin D2 for the treatment of chilblains--a cautionary tale. PMID- 3502486 TI - [Quantitative analysis of aerobic and microaerophilic bacterial flora of palatine tonsils in patients with recurrent tonsillitis]. PMID- 3502487 TI - [Immunological problems in leukemia]. PMID- 3502488 TI - [Activity of selected glycoproteins in the serum of narcotic addicts in so-called opiate trance, acute poisoning, during detoxication and abstinence]. PMID- 3502489 TI - [Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii in AIDS]. PMID- 3502490 TI - Angiodysplasia of the small bowel; a 'brilliant' technique for localizing the quiescent lesion. AB - Intraoperative transluminal endoscopic illumination is of benefit to locate angiodysplasias of the small bowel at laparotomy in the quiescent non-bleeding phase. PMID- 3502491 TI - DIDMOAD syndrome in a Chinese male with HLA DR7 DRw12. PMID- 3502492 TI - The Practitioner rheumatology survey: an analysis. PMID- 3502493 TI - [Glomerulonephritis: classification and prognosis]. PMID- 3502494 TI - [Poststreptococcal, Berger's and lupus glomerulonephritis. Nephritic syndrome]. PMID- 3502495 TI - [Laboratory examinations in glomerulopathies in childhood]. PMID- 3502496 TI - [Current role of diuretics in antihypertensive therapy]. PMID- 3502497 TI - [Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 3502498 TI - [Arterial hypertension in the elderly patient]. PMID- 3502499 TI - [Antihypertensive drugs for patients with chronic renal disease]. PMID- 3502500 TI - [Urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3502501 TI - [Nephrolithiasis in childhood]. PMID- 3502502 TI - [Metabolic diagnosis of renal lithiasis]. PMID- 3502503 TI - [Clinical treatment of renal lithiasis]. PMID- 3502505 TI - [Immunologic studies in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3502504 TI - [Epidemiologic and clinical study of HIV infection in Cagliari]. PMID- 3502506 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in studying immunological phenotypes of neoplastic diseases. AB - Six hybridoma clones were obtained secreting monoclonal antibodies (Mab) against differentiating antigens of human hemopoietic cells. ICO-1 Mab detect Ia-like (Dr) antigens. Mab react with B-lymphocytes and monocytes without detecting antigens on granulocytes and T-cells. Antigen expression was enhanced following cell activation in a blast cell transformation test and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). ICO-1 Mab blocked MLC. The molecular weights of the antigen were 29 and 34 kilodaltons. Comparative studies of ICO-1 Mab with other Mab against Ia-like antigens revealed their identical reactivity. ICO-11 Mab detect the antigen on 4% of blood lymphocytes, 75% thymocytes, monoblasts, and CFU-GM. These Mab block NK cell activity of blood mononuclear cells. ICO-GM-1 Mab detect the antigen on myelomonocytic cells and their precursors, but not CFU-GM. These Mab block binding of the C3Bi complement component to CR3 receptor and NK-cell activity. ICO-G2 Mab detect the antigen expressed at final stages of granulocyte differentiation. ICO-10 Mab detect the antigen on early thymocytes and ICO-02 on undifferentiated blast cells. Mab were shown to be applicable for human leukemia and lymphoma immune diagnosis. PMID- 3502507 TI - [Prevention of hemorrhage from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis by administration of propranolol]. PMID- 3502508 TI - [Surgery of portal hypertension in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: report of a patient]. PMID- 3502509 TI - The recruitment of leukocytes and their interaction with the vessel wall: the role of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. AB - The vascular endothelium has long been considered to have very little or no active function in inflammatory reactions and hemostasis. However, it has been recently discovered that endothelial cells can dramatically change their functional competence in response to the mononuclear phagocyte products interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). IL-1 induces synthesis of prostacyclin, platelet activating factor, thromboplastin and plasminogen activator inhibitor. Both IL-1 and TNF cause leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. On the other hand endothelial cells can themselves initiate the immune response through synthesis and release of IL-1. TNF, released in tissues may act as a chemoattractant and further promote interaction of leukocytes with the vascular lining. IL-1 and TNF can therefore act as a communications signal between circulating cells and the vessel wall and play an important role in the inflammatory and coagulation disorders. PMID- 3502510 TI - The clinical relevance of antinuclear antibodies in connective tissue diseases. AB - Detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is of growing relevance in the management of connective tissue diseases (CTD). ANA are useful diagnostic tools, since most CTD have a peculiar ANA profile, characterized either by restricted specificities, abnormally high titers, or both. Furthermore, the study of the intimate structure and function of nuclear antigens, and of their corresponding antibodies may provide important insights to understand both origin and pathogenesis of CTD. Finally, the more or less close association of ANA levels and/or specificity with certain signs or symptoms of CTD is of increasing help to the clinician in the correct monitoring and management of CTD. PMID- 3502511 TI - HLA B27 associated chronic arthritis in children: review of 65 cases. AB - The study of sixty-five children with antigen HLA B27 associated chronic rheumatism was performed. There was a male preponderance, and mean age at onset was ten. A family history was available in half patients. After a 5-year follow up study, 32% of the patients were diagnosed as having ankylosing spondylitis or Reiter's syndrome or psoriatic arthritis or arthritis associated to inflammatory bowel disease. The other patients should be considered as having an HLA B27 associated juvenile chronic arthritis with special features such as enthesopathy, acute joint pain or sausage-like digits. Three patients had a very severe outcome with considerable joint lesion seen on X Ray. PMID- 3502512 TI - [Comparative clinical study of the efficacy and tolerance of doxycycline and miocamycin in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis urethroprostatitis]. PMID- 3502513 TI - [Sources of alpha-amylase in the amniotic fluid in women]. PMID- 3502514 TI - [Value of determining alpha-amylase levels in the amniotic fluid for the evaluation of fetal maturity in normal pregnancy and in its various complications]. PMID- 3502516 TI - [Principles of functional stimulation]. PMID- 3502515 TI - Epidemiology of contraception with steroids in Western Europe. AB - A study of contraceptive practice, essential knowledge and communication concerning contraception as well as the related perceptions was conducted among women aged 15-44 in Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1984 and 1985. The pattern of contraceptive use and its differential varied strongly between countries. Knowledge, information and communications were observed to be different to a similar degree. Motives for changing contraceptive methods were largely inspired by concern for health and, to a lesser degree, reliability. Perceptions of contraceptive methods were found to be reasonably well in concurrence with reality, with the important exception of the perceptions of the health hazards of the pill which were largely overestimated, giving oral contraception and injustified bad image where effects on health are concerned. PMID- 3502517 TI - [Critical comment on the article, Results of lateral electric surface stimulation in scoliosis, by H. Messler and R. Birnbaum]. PMID- 3502518 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus after coronary artery bypass. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) is a very rare but the most lethal perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract. A 62-year old male was successfully treated for this condition developing on the second post operative day after coronary artery bypass. Two hours after extubation respiratory insufficiency and circulatory collapse necessitated reintubation and energetic resuscitation with prompt drainage of a massive pleural effusion. Left thoracotomy on post-operative day 17 confirmed the diagnosis and the esophagus was excluded by cervical esophagostomy and duodenostomy. After a six week recovery, reconstruction was achieved by total esophagectomy through a right thoracic incision and gastric bypass with cervical gastro-esophageal anastomosis. The patient left the hospital in good condition 112 days after the initial operation. PMID- 3502519 TI - Dynamic characteristics of vestibular nuclear neurons responses to vestibular and optokinetic stimulation during vestibular compensation in the rat. AB - In albino rats and pigmented rats, neurons were recorded extracellularly in the vestibular nuclei during the first 2 weeks after unilateral labyrinthectomy in order to study the neuronal events occurring during vestibular compensation and the effect of unilateral vestibular lesion on the optokinetic responses of neurons in the vestibular nuclei. It was found in albino rats that a re equilibration took place in the gains of type I neurons between both lesioned and intact sides. The gain of the rare type I neurons on the deafferented side, which was low just after the lesion (t less than 48 h) subsequently increased (48 h less than t less than 14 d) while on the intact side the gain was greater just after the lesion, and then decreased. This re-equilibration of the gains of type I neurons is considered to be the neuronal equivalent of behavioural effects which occur after hemilabyrinthectomy. In pigmented rats, most type I and II VN neurons recorded on both sides 24 to 96 h after the lesion did not respond to pure horizontal OKS, while in controls almost all of them responded. It seems evident that the tonic activation of VN neurons by vestibular afferences is necessary for their responsiveness to pure OKS. However, when comparing the gain/phase of their responses to pure, vestibular and combined optokinetic vestibular stimulations, it was found that optokinetic inputs improved the performance of type I and II VN neurons on both lesioned and intact sides. Finally, the time course of vestibular compensation is shorter in pigmented rats than in albino rats, since the re-equilibration in gains between the two sides was already reached 4 days after the lesion in the former. PMID- 3502520 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on release of calcium-dependent endothelium-derived relaxant factor]. PMID- 3502521 TI - International Symposium on Implanted Phrenic Nerve Stimulators for Respiratory Insufficiency. PMID- 3502522 TI - [Allergen-induced IL2 responsiveness in lymphocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis and/or bronchial asthma. Its chronological change and clinical significance]. PMID- 3502523 TI - Differences of sensitivity to autologous cytotoxic lymphocytes between primary tumor and its cervical lymph node metastases. AB - Antigenic differences between primary tumors and their cervical lymph node metastases of 12 patients with head and neck cancers were examined by measuring their sensitivity to cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL). Cytotoxicity was induced by autologous mixed lymphocyte (CL). Cytotoxicity was induced by autologous mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC), and further cultivation with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). The effector cells which were used in this study consisted of OKT3+8+ and OKT3+4+ subpopulations. Their cytotoxic nature was different from lymphokine activated killer cell (LAK cell) activity. Cytotoxicity of CLs stimulated by autologous primary tumor cells (CLP) was observed in 7 out of 12 patients (58.3%). In contrast, cytotoxicity of CLs stimulated by metastatic tumor cells (CLM) was observed in 4 out of 12 patients (33.3%). In the cases in which both CLP and CLM were successfully induced, cross-reactivity tests and cold target inhibition tests were performed. These results suggested that a reduction in immunogenicity had occurred at the metastatic site, and sensitivity against autologous CL was different between primary and metastatic tumor cells. PMID- 3502525 TI - Interrogation and display of single photon emission tomography data as inherently volume data. AB - The purpose of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data is to map the tracer concentration from the three-dimensional object into a three dimensional image array. The conventional interrogation of the data is through slice interrogation. In this paper we explore display methods in which the data are directly interrogated and processed as three-dimensional data. This includes direct addressing of sagittal, transverse, and frontal slices, around a targeted subvolume, and direct addressing of nonorthogonal slices. The three-dimensional aspect of the data is further accommodated by thresholding and edge definition in space. Finally, morphological information, which is sparse in scintigraphic slices, is recaptured by the generation of planar data derived from data processed in the three-dimensional space. PMID- 3502524 TI - The study of cerebral ischemic reversibility: Part II. Preliminary preoperative results of fluoromethane positron emission tomographic determination of perfusion reserve in patients with carotid TIA and stroke. AB - Symmetries and asymmetries in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) determinations are reported in eleven patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusive disease. Flourine-18-fluoromethane rCBF values are obtained by means of a noninvasive positron emission tomographic (PET) technique during room air (RA) and following induced hypercapnia (CO2). Areas of abnormal CO2 reactivity predict both the hemodynamic significance of the vascular lesion in question and the areas most vulnerable for ischemic infarction. This data is intended to be preliminary in nature; future expansions of this data base will be made to include rCBF/CO2 estimations, rCBF/glucose metabolism determinations, and rCBF/"reserve" evaluations over time and following brain-specific therapies. Once established, the potential viability and reversibility of these ischemic, uninfarcted or minimally infarcted areas can then be reestablished over time, thus providing a quantitative measure of the natural history of flow/metabolic coupling or uncoupling. PMID- 3502526 TI - Quantitative cerebral blood flow measurements using N-isopropyl-(iodine 123) p iodoamphetamine and single photon emission computed tomography with rotating gamma camera. AB - Sixty regional cerebral blood flow measurements were performed on 4 normal volunteers, 7 epileptics, and 40 cerebrovascular disorders using intravenously injected N-isopropyl-(I-123)p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and single photon emission computed tomography with rotating gamma camera. Arterial blood sampling was combined for obtaining absolute blood flow values. The brain activity distributions of the tomographic image from 30 min after injection, when brain activity reached a plateau, were corrected to represent 5-min reference values with the use of the monitored entire brain's time-activity curve. Brain mean blood flow values ranged from 54 to 63, 34 to 59, and 20 to 60 ml/100 g/min, in normal volunteers, epileptics, and subjects with cerebrovascular disorders, respectively. Brain mean 123I-IMP uptake corrected for injection dose did not correlate with these absolute flow values. This quantitative method is especially useful for diagnosing diffuse flow reductions, which were observed in 8 (14%) of 56 studies in the patients. PMID- 3502527 TI - Regional brain hematocrit in stroke by single photon emission computed tomography imaging. AB - Nineteen studies on 18 subjects were performed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the head after the successive intravenous administration of a plasma label (99mTc-human serum albumin [HSA]) and 99mTc-labeled autologous red blood cells (RBC). Two sets of cerebral tomographic sections were generated: for cerebral 99mTc-HSA alone and for combined 99mTc-HSA and 99mTc-RBC. By relating counts in regions of interest from the cerebral tomograms to counts from blood samples obtained during each tomographic acquisition, regional cerebral haematocrit (Hct) was calculated by the application of a simple formula. Results show 1) lower cerebral Hct than venous Hct (ratio of HCT brain/Hct venous 0.65 0.90) in all subjects, and 2) comparison between right and left hemisphere Hct in 3/3 normal subjects, 6/6 patients with transient ischaemic attacks and 3/8 patients with stroke showed no significant difference. However, in 3/8 patients with stroke (most recent strokes) significant differences were found, the higher Hct value corresponding to the affected side. PMID- 3502528 TI - Effects of radioactive decay and their implications on in vivo metabolic imaging. AB - In the context of medical radionuclide imaging, possible consequences of molecular disruption that is due to radioactive decay and of the positron range are discussed. Radioactive decay may cause extensive disruption to the labeled molecule particularly if the transformation involves the creation of an inner shell vacancy. The movement of a positron away from the site of emission implies that the positron will annihilate in a region not disrupted by the decay. Neglect of the photon angular correlation disregards information on the physical and chemical state of the sample. PMID- 3502530 TI - Proceedings of the Clinical SPECT Symposium. February 23-24, 1987, San Francisco, California. PMID- 3502529 TI - A new noninvasive quantitative assessment of cerebral blood flow using N isopropyl-(iodine 123)p-iodoamphetamine. AB - The use of a nomogram is described as a new noninvasive quantitative assessment of cerebral blood flow using N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and single photon emission computed tomography. The nomogram was constructed from a computer analysis of the flow value relative to varying washout rate of brain activities between early and late tomographic images, and partition coefficient between brain tissue and blood. The validity of this method was evaluated in normal volunteers and in patients with cerebrovascular disorders by comparing the cortical flow values (Y) estimated from the IMP-nomogram with initial slope indices (X) by the 133Xe inhalation method. A significant correlation (N = 42, r = 0.88, P less than .001) was demonstrated between them, and the regression line was Y = 1.6X-7. A development and confirmation of this method made it possible to measure flow values noninvasively with the use of IMP. PMID- 3502531 TI - Two-dimensional mapping of three-dimensional SPECT data: a preliminary step to the quantitation of thallium myocardial perfusion single photon emission tomography. AB - A method is presented by which tomographic myocardial perfusion data are prepared for quantitative analysis. The method is characterized by an interrogation of the original data, which results in a size and shape normalization. The method is analogous to the circumferential profile methods used in planar scintigraphy but requires a polar-to-cartesian transformation from three to two dimensions. As was the case in the planar situation, centering and reorientation are explicit. The degree of data reduction is evaluated by reconstructing "idealized" three dimensional data from the two-dimensional sampling vectors. The method differs from previously described approaches by the absence in the resulting vector of a coordinate reflecting cartesian coordinate in the original data (slice number). PMID- 3502533 TI - Stimulatory effect of forphenicinol on normal human bone marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells mediated by T-lymphocytes. AB - Forphenicinol, L-2-(4-formyl-3-hydroxymethylphenyl) glycine, is a newly discovered low molecular weight immunomodifier. Its effects on normal human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) were studied in vitro. Addition of forphenicinol to cell cultures resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the number of, and preservation of the ability to form CFU-C colonies per fixed number of human non-adherent bone marrow cells. This effect was not observed in T-lymphocyte depleted fractions of human non-adherent bone marrow cells. Furthermore, colony stimulating factor was released when T lymphocytes were incubated with forphenicinol. These data suggested that T lymphocytes mediated the stimulatory effect of forphenicol on human bone marrow CFU-C. PMID- 3502532 TI - High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computerized tomography--cerebral blood flow in a case of pure sensory stroke and mild dementia owing to subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease). AB - Pure sensory stroke (PSS) is typically caused by a lacunar infarct located in the ventral-posterior (VP) thalamic nucleus contralateral to the paresthetic symptoms. The lesion is usually so small that it cannot be seen on computerized tomography (CT), as illustrated by our case. In our moderately hypertensive, 72 year-old patient with PSS, CT scanning and conventional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) scanning using a 7-mm-thick slice on a 1.5 Tesla instrument all failed to visualize the thalamic infarct. Using the high resolution mode with 2-mm slice thickness it was, however, clearly seen. In addition, NMRI unexpectedly showed diffuse periventricular demyelinization as well as three other lacunar infarcts, i.e., findings characteristic of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE). This prompted psychometric testing, which revealed signs of mild (subclinical) dementia, in particular involving visiospatial apraxia; this pointed to decreased function of the right parietal cortex, which was structurally intact on CT and NMRI. Single photon emission computerized tomography by Xenon-133 injection and by hexamethyl propyleneamine-oxim labeled with Technetium-99m showed asymmetric distribution of cerebral blood flow (CBF), with an 18% lower value in the right parietal cortex compared to the left side; this indicated asymmetric disconnection of the cortex by the SAE. Thus, the tomograms of the functional parameter, CBF, correlated better with the deficits revealed by neuropsychological testing than by CT or NMRI. PMID- 3502534 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on E-rosette formation and on the mitogenic response of human mononuclear cells. AB - Pentoxifylline (Trental) has been shown to increase the intracellular cAMP concentration. In the present study we have examined the capacity of the drug to affect E-rosette formation by T lymphocytes. In addition, the mitogenic response of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (con A) was studied. The drug exerted a dose dependent inhibitory effect on E-rosette formation and on the proliferative response of lymphocytes to PHA and con A. It is suggested that this inhibitory effect is most probably due to the increased intracellular levels of cAMP induced by the drug. PMID- 3502535 TI - Analysis of lymphocytes in, and host environment of, mice showing conditioned immunosuppression to cyclophosphamide. AB - Mice were subjected to repeated exposures to cyclophosphamide: saccharin (conditioned) or cyclophosphamide:saccharin followed by saccharin only (conditioned:extinguished). Animals in the former group but not the latter subsequently showed diminished IgG antibody-forming cells (AFC) after challenge with sheep red blood cells followed by reexposure to immunologically inert cues (saccharin). When these animals were used as irradiated recipients of syngeneic spleen lymphocytes, reconstituted irradiated conditioned mice showed augmented IgG AFC on transfer of naive spleen cells and reexposure to saccharin. The expected diminished IgG AFC response was seen when cells from conditioned mice were transferred. However, the latter cells gave augmented IgG AFC when transferred to naive irradiated mice. Both of the effects seen with cells from conditioned animals (increased IgG AFC in control recipients; decreased IgG AFC in conditioned mice reexposed to saccharin) were regulated by adoptively transferred T cells in the spleen cell population. PMID- 3502536 TI - Central corticotropin-releasing factor suppresses natural killer cytotoxicity. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered as a single dose intraventricularly produces a dose-dependent suppression of rat splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity. Neither systemic CRF nor CRF in vitro significantly altered NK activity. The immunosuppressive effect of central CRF was antagonized by central, but not by systemic, preadministration of the CRF antagonist, alpha helical oCRF residues 9-41. These data suggest that CRF released in the brain may have a role in the central modulation of natural killer cytotoxicity. PMID- 3502537 TI - Impaired proliferative response and low interleukin-2 production in patients with lymphoma. AB - 1. The proliferative response of phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was compared to their interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. 2. Impairment in the lymphoproliferative response paralleled a reduction in IL-2 production. 3. Suppressor cells and serum factors which depressed the proliferative response of the patients' lymphocytes inhibited IL-2 production. 4. Enhanced prostaglandin synthesis was one of the factors causing impairment of the proliferative response and the diminished IL-2 production in lymphocytes from patients with lymphoma. 5. A partial restoration of patients' cellular responses in vitro was achieved by adding conditioned media containing IL-1 or IL-2. PMID- 3502538 TI - Studies on peptides. CLVI. Synthesis of second human calcitonin gene-related peptide (beta-hCGRP) by application of a new disulfide-bonding reaction with thallium (III) trifluoroacetate. PMID- 3502539 TI - Binding of human epidermal growth factor to tissue homogenates of the rat. PMID- 3502540 TI - [Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with semi-quantitative evaluation in the diagnosis of TMJ disk dislocation]. PMID- 3502541 TI - [EEC syndrome. Potential association with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 3502542 TI - Prevention of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias post coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - In a randomized prospective study 32 patients received either alinidine or a placebo for the first five postoperative days after coronary bypass surgery. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prophylactic antiarrhythmic properties of alinidine on supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (svt), which occur with incidence after open heart surgery. There was no significant difference in pretherapeutical parameters between the two groups. Eleven out of sixteen control patients (69%) and none of the patients treated with alinidine had svt. All arrhythmias occurred in the first three postoperative days and required medical treatment. Even after alinidine was stopped, patients in this group did not experience arrhythmias. The mean systolic blood pressure in the treatment group was 113 +/- 13 mmHg, in the control group it was 119 +/- 16 mmHg. The mean heart rate tended to be lower in the alinidine group (82 +/- 12 beats min-1 91 +/- 21 beats min-1. In 1/16 patients the alinidine treatment was stopped due to marked hypotension (less than 90 mmHg) and bradycardia (less than beats min-1). Two other patients in this group had short periods of mild bradycardia (less than 60 beats min-1) which was tolerated well. Additional medical treatment was not needed. In this study prophylactic treatment with alinidine proved to be highly effective in preventing postoperative arrhythmias following myocardial revascularisation. PMID- 3502543 TI - Specific T cell cytotoxicity in experimental Echinococcus granulosus infected mice. PMID- 3502544 TI - Protective effect of neonatal BCG. PMID- 3502545 TI - An open assessment of tenoxicam (Tilcotil) in the treatment of acute gout in general practice. AB - Twenty-nine patients presenting to their general practitioners with acute gout were treated with tenoxicam 40 mg daily for two days then 20 mg daily for five days. The treatment was well tolerated and 79% of participants responded to therapy. Side affects were minor with no patients withdrawing from the treatment course. PMID- 3502546 TI - Peripheral T cell lymphoma following angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - We report 5 cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) which initially presented as angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL). In 4 cases, the delay between the 2 phases was less than 1 year, and 3 patients were under corticosteroid therapy when the second biopsy was performed. Clinical and biological features were very similar during the 2 phases. The initial disease was morphologically characterized by a high cellular pleomorphism with immunoblasts, plasma cells, eosinophils and lymphoid cells of various size with abundant venules; this pleomorphism then regressed, emphasizing the T cell nature of the lymphoma, as proven by immunological staining with monoclonal antibodies raised against T cell subpopulations. In 4 cases, T cell proliferation bore T helper (CD4) and T cytotoxic/suppressor (CD8) antigens and, in 1 case only, CD4 antigen. The entity of AIL and the role of corticosteroid therapy is discussed; the short interval between the 2 diagnose suggests that T cell proliferation was present initially, but was masked by reactive B lymphocytes. PMID- 3502547 TI - Inhibition of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by Brucella melitensis. PMID- 3502549 TI - [Treatment of suppurative mastitis using laser irradiation and continuous electric current]. AB - Laser radiation and direct electric current were used in the complex therapy of acute suppurative mastitis. The wound cavity was treated by a focussed laser till the appearance of a coagulation crust followed by galvanization of the mammary gland. Such an approach to the associated application of the laser radiation and electric field of direct current is justified pathogenetically and increases the efficiency of treatment of suppurative mastitis. PMID- 3502548 TI - [Population studies on the association of HLA antigens with duodenal ulcer]. AB - HLA-B15 antigen is thought by the authors to occur in 24.4% of patients with duodenal ulcer (in donors--in 6.6%). HLA-A2 antigen is found in 60.3% of cases (in donors--in 48.2%). A conclusion is made of the population immunogenetic (by HLA) heterogeneity of the ulcer disease. PMID- 3502550 TI - [Relation between the mandibular canal and the wisdom teeth. Consequences. Therapeutic implications]. PMID- 3502551 TI - [Miocamycin: microbiological features]. PMID- 3502552 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of miocamycin]. PMID- 3502553 TI - [Use of miocamycin in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 3502554 TI - Childhood participation in organized school sports and physical education as precursors of adult physical activity. AB - Increased levels of physical activity are associated with improved health. However, the determinants of an active lifestyle are unknown. Participation in school sports and physical education during childhood and adolescence are frequently mentioned as factors likely to promote more active lifestyles in adulthood. If this is true, public policy should more vigorously promote broad participation in school sports and physical education. However, review of the available literature reveals only six papers that address this issue directly, and all six have important methodological limitations. The study that provides the strongest support provides information only on sports participation during college, an age at which behavior patterns may already be firmly established. Therefore, more research in this area is needed. Future studies must consider definitions, confounding variables, recall bias, selection bias, content, and quality of school sports and physical education programs. PMID- 3502555 TI - Health risk appraisal by ventilatory capacity. PMID- 3502557 TI - Frequency of HLA antigens in a Brazilian type I diabetic population. AB - 1. Sixty-five Brazilian, patients with type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 100 unaffected individuals were typed for HLA-A, -B, -C and DR antigens. 2. A significantly higher frequency of HLA-A2 (48% of the patients versus 21% of the controls), B15 (20% of the controls), DR3 (57% of the patients versus 28% of the controls) and DR4 (54% of the patients versus 23% of the controls) was found for IDDM patients compared to the controls. 3. In contrast, DR2 (11% of the patients versus 31% of the controls) and DR7 (3% of the patients versus 21% of the controls) were lower in diabetics, but the difference was not significant. 4. The data reported here, when compared with those of other studies, emphasize the ethnic variability in HLA-IDDM associations. PMID- 3502556 TI - T lymphocytes affect the development of sympathetic innervation of mouse spleen. AB - We investigated whether the development of sympathetic innervation of the spleen is affected by lymphoid cells. Splenic noradrenaline (NA) levels of athymic nude mice (nu/nu) and normal thymus-bearing littermates (nu/+) were determined at different times during ontogeny. While no differences were detected at birth, higher splenic NA levels were found in 7-, 11-, and 21-day-old athymic mice. Thymus transplantation or thymocyte injection to newborn nude mice resulted in splenic NA levels comparable to those of normal nu/+ mice. Histochemical studies fully confirmed such differences. Taken together with previous studies, these results suggest that T lymphocytes or their products exert an inhibitory influence on sympathetic nerve fibers, thus leading to decreased NA content in the spleen. The data also illustrate the capacity of a nonneuronal cell in a peripheral organ to affect the process of autonomic innervation of this organ. PMID- 3502558 TI - Results of the OSCAR test in groups of normal and abnormal subjects. PMID- 3502559 TI - HLA antigen associations with radiological changes in the hands, feet, and cervical spines in early rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Clinical, laboratory, and genetic features measured at the onset of rheumatoid arthritis in 100 patients were compared with the severity of radiological changes in the hands and feet and in the cervical spines at a mean of 7.7 years. HLA-Dw4 was associated with more severe (p = 0.009) and HLA-Dw2 with less severe (p = 0.02)radiological changes in the hands and feet but the single strongest correlation with the severity of peripheral erosions was rheumatoid factor (p = less than 0.0001). Although none of the standard clinical or laboratory parameters correlated with severity of cervical spine changes, the presence of HLA-Dw2 and/or HLA B7 cross-reactive group were associated with more severe radiological changes in the cervical spine (p less than 0.02). Discriminant analysis selected certain standard laboratory parameters which in combination provided the most powerful prognostic index of radiological outcome in the hands and feet which was correct in 82 per cent. The addition of HLA data did not improve this figure. Conversely, the combination of the presence of HLA-Dw2, B27, and older age of onset of disease was found to be the most powerful predictor of the development of cervical spine changes and successfully predicted this complication of RA in 73 per cent. PMID- 3502560 TI - HLA-DQ molecular heterogeneity in HLA-DR4-Dw4 consanguineous cell lines. AB - Two-dimensional gel analysis (NEPHGE) of the molecules precipitated by the HLA-DR monomorphic antibody L243 showed a single and identical alpha chain spot from two consanguineous cell lines, BM14 and MCF. The latter was derived from a rheumatoid arthritis patient. No apparent structural polymorphism of the HLA-DR beta chains was detected. The data suggests that the HLA-DR4 haplotype expresses one alpha chain and up to four beta chains. The electrophoretic pattern of the HLA-DQ molecules precipitated with the monomorphic antibody TU22 revealed clear differences between BM14 and MCF. These differences were mainly in the beta chain profiles. Four acidic beta chains were found with the MCF cell line wheras only three beta chains at different isoelectric points were found with the BM14 cell line. The data obtained in this study argue for a considerable heterogeneity of the HLA-DQ antigens detected at the molecular level. PMID- 3502561 TI - A possible haplotype association in Felty's syndrome. AB - The HLA-B7/DR association was examined in a normal British population and in seven HLA-B7-positive patients with Felty's syndrome. After the exclusion of the most frequent A3-B7-DR2 association, a significant A2-B7-DR4 association was evident. This was present in six of the seven HLA-B7-positive Felty's patients and might indicate that the A2-B7-DR4 haplotype is prevalent in some forms of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3502562 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a population survey in The Netherlands we investigated 6584 individuals for the presence of rheumatoid diseases and their determinants. We observed no overall association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with HLA-DR4 or GM. This result is in contrast to the marked association of HLA-DR4 with RA found in studies based mainly on hospital rheumatology clinics. The findings thus suggest a genetic basis for the disease heterogeneity. A study of 16 multicase RA families showed a co-segregation of RA with the DR4 carrying haplotype from the unaffected parent, whereas the non-DR4 haplotype was preferentially segregating to the healthy siblings (p = 0.001). These data suggest that HLA-DR4 is associated with disease susceptibility rather than with a disease modifying factor. In a further attempt to define a genetic basis for disease heterogeneity we compared five well defined clinical groups of patients with RA. Although the frequency of HLA-DR4 was significantly elevated in all patient groups as compared to healthy controls, we observed a preferential association of HLA-DR4 with severe extra-articular manifestations as compared to patients without extra-articular manifestations (p = 0.002). These results provide an immunogenetical basis for the disease heterogeneity observed in RA and further extend the immunological analogy between RA and leprosy. PMID- 3502564 TI - [Occult blood detector for the upper G-I tract. I. A preliminary application in cancer screening]. AB - The traditional chemical detection of small amount of blood in the stool can not tell whether the original bleeding site is in the upper or lower part of the G-I tract. The occult blood detector, designed by the authors, having a diameter of 8 mm, can easy be swallowed into the stomach with 30 to 50 ml of water. After remaining for 3 minutes in the stomach, it is pulled out by the patient himself and its coloration read to reveal the degree of bleeding. It can be used either by the medical personnel or the patient himself, at home, for the purpose of detecting minute bleeding in the upper G-I tract and for cancer screening in the high risk population. This detector gave a positive rate of 95% in patients with malignancies in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is highly acceptable for its lack of discomfort during application. In cancer screening, it gave a positive rate of 5% to 10% in 10000 high risk persons. Those positive in this test showed a high incidence of gastric or esophageal cancers as proved by gastroscopy. This detector is being manufactured and sold by the Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Factory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Other papers concerning this topic are to be published. PMID- 3502563 TI - HLA frequency and haplotype analysis in a family study of adult onset rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-five families with probands who have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied for clinical evidence of disease and for HLA status. This confirmed an association between RA and DR4 in 19/25 probands (76 per cent, p = 0.008). These 19 probands carried 24 haplotypes which contained DR4. There was no significant increase of DR4 haplotypes bearing B15(Bw62) or B44 when compared with published control haplotype data. The rare complement allele C4 B3 was detected as part of the extended haplotype A2 Cw3 B15(Bw62) DR4 C4 A*3B*3 in three probands with severe RA. Further studies to examine disease severity and autoantibody expression are in progress. PMID- 3502565 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of some N-(5-substituted indole-3 ylglyoxyl)amine derivatives. AB - The synthesis of some amidic derivatives, obtained by condensation of various 5 substituted indoleglyoxylchlorides with physiologically important amines as tyramine, tryptamine and 5-aminouracil, is described. The preparation of one glycolyl derivative is also reported. Study of analgesic and antiinflammatory properties has shown only a feeble activity of these compounds. PMID- 3502566 TI - Self-association and solubility of peptides. A solvent titration study of the 28 31 segment of corticotropin releasing factor. AB - Self-association of peptides related to the 28-31 sequence of corticotropin releasing factor in methylene chloride was disrupted by adding a variety of polar organic solvents in increasing amounts. This structural transition was monitored by the disappearance of either the amide-1 C = O stretching band (1635 cm-1) or the amide-A N-H stretching band (3300 cm-1) of strongly intermolecularly H-bonded molecules in the infrared absorption spectra. The effects induced by main-chain length, protection of the C-terminal group, nature of solvent, and peptide concentration were assessed. The increasing propensity to aggregate displayed by these peptides is paralleled by a decrease in their solubility. PMID- 3502567 TI - [Tomographic studies in nuclear medicine. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Their current status in diagnosis and usage perspectives]. PMID- 3502569 TI - [Using LAK cells in the adoptive immunotherapy in cancers]. PMID- 3502568 TI - [Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infections]. PMID- 3502570 TI - [B lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma switched to acute monocytic leukemia]. PMID- 3502571 TI - Circulating immune complexes in breast cancer patients. PMID- 3502573 TI - The O.M.G.E. multi-national survey of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. Some observations and corollaries. World Organization of Gastroenterology Research Committee. PMID- 3502574 TI - Proceedings of the Rheumatism Foundation Symposium. Heinola, September 16-19, 1987. PMID- 3502572 TI - Induction of transiently expressed genes in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. AB - Rat PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells, in response to nerve growth factor (NGF), stop proliferating and differentiate into cells resembling sympathetic neurons. This model of cell differentiation was used to investigate the expression of a previously isolated collection of mitogen-induced primary response sequences cloned from murine 3T3 cells; the TIS (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced sequences) genes (Lim et al., 1987). The TIS cDNAs were used to probe RNA isolated from PC-12 cells stimulated with NGF and other agents. Six of these messages were rapidly and transiently induced by NGF, tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), or epidermal growth factor (EGF). Expression of these TIS genes generally resembled the NGF-stimulated induction of c-fos. In contrast, one TIS gene (TIS 10), induced by mitogens in 3T3 cells, was not induced by NGF, TPA, or EGF in PC-12 cells. Like c-fos, these TIS genes induced by NGF could also be superinduced by the combined administration of NGF and benzodiazepine. Elevated potassium ion, which leads to the induction of c-fos in PC-12 cells via activation of a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, also induces all TIS genes, with the notable exception of TIS 10. The induction of this family of genes may be involved in the general transduction of extracellular signals into biological responses. PMID- 3502575 TI - Cell-mediated immune response in reactive arthritis. PMID- 3502577 TI - [Proceedings of the 31st scientific session of the Japan Rheumatism Association. May 27-29, 1987, Tokyo, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 3502576 TI - The influence of ultrasound, galvanic currents and shortwave diathermy on pain intensity in patients with osteoarthritis. PMID- 3502578 TI - The Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae: production, migration and immunity in vivo. PMID- 3502579 TI - [Identification of specific and nonspecific immune protection cells in the stream of apical granulation tissue with the help of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 3502580 TI - Phylogenetic differences in the position of large and small cells of the formatio reticularis. PMID- 3502581 TI - Role of PMN's candidicidal activity in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related systemic candidiases. AB - Phagocytic and fungicidal activity towards C. albicans spores were tested in 9 patients with AIDS-Related Complex (ARC), but without Candida infections, and in 13 patients with AIDS and deep candidiasis. No significant differences were observed between the two mentioned groups as far as PMN's phagocytosis and killing were concerned. PMN's migration in response to a "non-mycotic" chemoattractant was defective in both groups; although, from this point of view, patients with candidiasis were more severely affected. A significant difference was noted, instead, as far as mean T helper values were concerned; in fact, their number was significantly lower in patients with systemic candidiasis than in those with ARC or even AIDS, but oesophageal candidiasis only. In conclusion, defective PMN's activity towards C. albicans spores, as observed in vitro, does not seem in itself to predispose AIDS patients to candidiasis in vivo; mycoses may be rather due to defects of cell-mediated immunity as a whole. PMID- 3502582 TI - Prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in Alameda County, California. AB - Clinical research has suggested that isolated systolic hypertension differs from essential hypertension in terms of pathophysiological change. Yet little is known of the descriptive epidemiology of isolated systolic hypertension. This paper examines the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in biracial Alameda County, California. Baseline survey data from the Alameda County Hypertension Project (1978) were used to calculate age and sex percentage of prevalence by race. This condition was rare below age 40, but the percentage of prevalence increased with age. Defining isolated systolic hypertension as diastolic blood pressure less than 90 and systolic blood pressure greater than 160, age-adjusted prevalence was 1.15, 1.31, 1.01, and 2.47 for white men, black men, white women, and black women, respectively. Comparison with the prevalence estimates of isolated systolic hypertension from biracial, rural Evans County, Georgia, indicated that the Alameda County prevalence was significantly lower for white women (p less than .01), black women (p less than .03), and total population (p less than .01). We posit that the larger number of people under care for essential hypertension is responsible for the lower occurrence of pure, isolated systolic hypertension in Alameda County. The results suggest the importance of female family members in the acceptance and promulgation of health promotion efforts for both essential and isolated systolic hypertension at the population level. PMID- 3502583 TI - Paradoxical elevation of plasma cholinesterase. AB - Biological monitoring of workers exposed to hazardous or toxic substances is common in industry. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase activity level monitoring is used to detect early toxic effects of exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. However, the validity of plasma cholinesterase level monitoring alone in such exposures is of questionable value since depressed, normal, and elevated levels of activity in test results lead to risk assessment dilemmas. The finding of an elevated plasma cholinesterase level in an exposed plant pathologist led to referral for evaluation of test results. We reviewed the prevalence and significance of elevated plasma cholinesterase levels. The prevalence of elevated plasma cholinesterase values ranges from 1.0 percent to 12.9 percent, depending on the kind of testing and populations surveyed. The benefits and/or risks of elevated levels over time remain to be elucidated. PMID- 3502584 TI - Nonspecific stress prevents relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. AB - Rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) develop paralysis, from which most of them recover. It has been hypothesized that spontaneous remission in EAE is due to the stress of paralysis and the subsequent hypersecretion of endogenous immunosuppressive adrenal glucocorticoids. Spontaneous relapse after a remission is thought to occur when the stress of paralysis and the adrenal response to it are terminated. In the present work, this theory has been tested in a newly developed relapsing form of EAE in rats. After an initial attack characterized by paralysis, the control rats had a remission and then a second episode of paralysis (relapse). In contrast, rats subjected to restraint during the remission period were protected from relapses. Injections of adrenal glucocorticoids during the remission had a similar protective effect. These findings support the hypothesis that remissions and relapses in EAE are caused by the occurrence and subsequent disappearance of the adrenals' immunosuppressive response to the stress of paralysis, because the addition of stress during the period of remission maintained the adrenals' hyperactive state and thereby prevented relapses. PMID- 3502585 TI - Low mortality from ischemic heart disease among urban blacks in South Africa. AB - Age- and sex-specific circulatory mortality rates among urban blacks and whites in South Africa in 1977 were compared using newly available census data. Mortality for cerebrovascular, hypertensive, and ischemic heart diseases differed markedly in the two races. Deaths due to cerebrovascular and hypertensive disease were always more common in blacks, whereas deaths attributable to ischemic heart disease were consistently greater among whites, by a factor that varied according to age, from 10-18 in men and 2-9 in women. These results suggest that hypertension is a common cause of death among urban blacks in South Africa but that it is not commonly associated with ischemic heart disease. The continuing low prevalence of ischemic heart disease among urban blacks is striking and may not be explained entirely by the levels of known risk factors. PMID- 3502586 TI - Epidemiological study of old age mental disorders in the two rural areas of Japan. AB - Epidemiological investigations of mental disorders among the aged population were conducted in two rural areas of the southernmost prefecture of Japan. The population of the people aged 65 and over was 708 in Sashiki Village and 211 in Ikema Island. The prevalence of mental disorders among the aged inhabitants was 6.64% in Sashiki Village and 3.79% in Ikema Island. Dementia in the aging process was found in 5.36% in Sashiki Village and 2.37% in Ikema Island. All cases of dementia were of the simple type, except for a case with a paranoid state in Sashiki Village. There was no case of nonorganic psychotic conditions in both areas, except for the cases of schizophrenic psychosis whose onset occurred at an earlier age. PMID- 3502587 TI - [Esophageal dilatation in patients with benign esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 3502588 TI - Adrenal 11-hydroxylase activity in a hypercortisolemic New World primate: adaptive intra-adrenal changes. AB - The squirrel monkey, a representative New World primate, has high plasma cortisol and aldosterone concentrations when compared to Old World primates. We measured adrenal mitochondrial 11-hydroxylase (11-OHase) activity in squirrel monkeys and in two representative Old World species (cynomolgus and rhesus macaques) in an effort to explain these elevated plasma glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid levels. The activity of 11-OHase was 5-fold higher in the squirrel monkey than in the Old World species tested. Calculated 11-OHase Vmax was different in the squirrel monkey and the cynomolgus. However, the Km values were similar in the New World primate when compared to cynomolgus. The ability of metyrapone to block 11-OHase was less in the former than in the latter. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the squirrel monkey adrenal cortex possesses an increased number of 11-hydroxylase enzyme units compared to that of Old World primate species, and is therefore more efficient in producing cortisol. This difference in 11-OHase activity in the squirrel monkey, in addition to other previously reported adrenal steroidogenic enzyme alterations, may be adaptive in nature, favoring increased cortisol and aldosterone production in this and possibly other New World primate species. PMID- 3502589 TI - Effects of local anaesthetics and pH on depolarization-contraction coupling of Rana pipiens muscle fibres. PMID- 3502590 TI - The regions of T-cell recognition on the extracellular part of the alpha chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. AB - A comprehensive synthetic approach was employed to identify the continuous regions of T-cell recognition on the alpha-chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Eighteen synthetic consecutive overlapping peptides, of uniform size and overlaps, that spanned the entire extracellular part (residues 1-210) of the alpha chain were examined for their in vitro stimulation of lymph node cells from AChR-primed C57BL/6 (H-2b), C3H/He (H-2k), SWR(H-2q) and SJL (H-2s) mice. The T-cell recognition sites (T sites) in the AChR primed mouse strains resided within six regions on the extracellular part of the alpha-chain. Three of the regions recognized by T cells coincided with regions recognized by antibodies (i.e. B cells) and one of these three regions also coincided with an alpha-neurotoxin binding region. It is noteworthy that, in addition to sites recognized by both T and B cells, the protein has at least two sites which are recognized exclusively by T cells and to which no detectable antibody responses are directed. PMID- 3502591 TI - "Auto-reactive" T-cell hybridomas and the role of foetal calf serum. AB - A panel of "auto-reactive" T-cell hybridomas has been generated by fusing Sendai virus-primed, Peyer's patch T cells from CBA mice with BW 5147. The hybridomas produce Il-2 in response to stimulation by Class II-positive syngeneic cells in the absence of added Sendai virus. The stimulator genes for two hybridoma clones have been mapped using recombinant mouse strains and the restriction has been confirmed by inhibition with monoclonal anti-Class II antibodies. Hybridomas grown in serum-free medium do not respond to syngeneic cells in the absence of foetal calf serum (FCS) and the response is restored by the addition of FCS, but not bovine serum albumin (BSA), normal mouse serum or Sendai virus. The component of FCS which is required for stimulation of the hybridomas has been partially purified and characterised. Its mode of action has been investigated and it acts on the stimulator cells and not on the hybridomas. PMID- 3502592 TI - Human mononuclear cell in vitro activation in microgravity and post-spaceflight. AB - The results of postflight and inflight human in vitro lymphocyte experiments have been reviewed. The cumulative data indicate that mitogen-stimulated T-cell proliferation is blunted following short-duration missions. Since similar responses may also be obtained following exposure to non-spaceflight stressors (hypoxia and academic stress), it is unclear if microgravity per se aggravates this response. Our studies indicate that stress-induced impaired PHA- and PWM stimulated activation can be detected within the first 24 hours in culture at the level of protein synthesis. While the mechanism for neuroendocrine-mediated blunted mitogen stimulated T cell proliferation has not been elucidated, it is not aggravated by autologous plasma and does not require changes in mononuclear cell subpopulations. While prior studies indicate lymphocyte activation is influenced by altering G forces on in vitro cultures, impaired cellular interactions or suboptimal microenvironments related to reduced cell densities in microgravity may contribute to the greatly impaired mitogen stimulated proliferation responses observed on Spacelab flights. It will be necessary to perform lymphocyte functional assays on crewmembers during spaceflight to determine to contribution of microgravity per se on altered human immune competence. PMID- 3502593 TI - T-cell recognition and antigen presentation of lysozyme. AB - Several years ago, this laboratory introduced a comprehensive strategy for the systematic localization of all the continuous sites on a protein that are involved in B- and T-cell recognition. The strategy depends on the synthesis of consecutive overlapping peptides that together account for the entire protein chain. Using this approach, the full submolecular profile of continuous regions on hen egg lysozyme recognized by T cells (T sites) were localized. Four major T cell recognition sites, three of which were subject to individual genetic control, were localized in the six mouse strains examined. In addition to these four continuous T sites, T-cell recognition of lysozyme also involved the three previously defined discontinuous antibody binding sites as demonstrated with lysozyme-specific long-term T cell cultures. Contrary to a long held impression, T-cell recognition, therefore, is not restricted only to sequence features, but can also be directed to protein discontinuous surface areas of high conformational dependency. More recently, we have examined in two mouse strains the proliferative response to peptides and to native protein of lymph node cells from mice primed with synthetic overlapping peptides either individually or as a mixture. It was found that the pattern of T-cell recognition observed after priming with peptides differs from that obtained when the native protein is used as the immunogen. If antigen processing proceeds via fragmentation, then only those regions containing T sites would be expected to be effective in priming for a T-cell response to the intact protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502594 TI - [Mycobacterium fortuitum beta-lactamases: introduction to the problem and first experimental data on their purification and characterization]. PMID- 3502595 TI - Failure of oligosaccharide MOPC-104E IgM complexes to bind C1q and to activate C1. AB - The capacity of anti-dextran MOPC-104E IgM to bind and activate the first complement component (C1) in the presence of various specific monovalent oligosaccharides was investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that IgM-oligosaccharide complexes saturated up to 97% with ligands were not capable of binding C1q under physiological conditions. Nor was any activation of reconstituted C1 observed. These results indicate that occupation of the single IgM binding sites by a monovalent ligand is not sufficient to induce a signal for complement activation. PMID- 3502596 TI - The frequency of C4B variants of complement in familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease. AB - A previous study reported an unexpected increased frequency of the uncommon C4B2 allele of complement in a group of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. We compared the frequency of various C4B types in 25 patients with familial Alzheimer dementia (AD), 22 patients with sporadic AD, and 360 control individuals. Neither Alzheimer group showed any significant increase or decrease in the frequency of C4B alleles compared with controls. We were unable to confirm any association between AD and the C4B2 allele. PMID- 3502597 TI - Effects of fungicide treatment and vacuuming on pyroglyphid mites and their allergens in mattress dust. AB - House-dust mites (Pyroglyphidae) are an important source of indoor airborne allergens. Several methods may be applied to reduce the population growth of these mites and thus the quantity of allergen formed. One such method is to interfere with the mites' food chain. Fungi are a key factor in this food chain: they serve as an indirect food source. In this study we investigated the results of the repeated application of a fungicide (natamycin) on mattresses. As controls we treated some mattresses with a placebo, while others were left untreated. The application of natamycin appeared to hamper mite development. Additional vacuuming reduced the quantity of mite allergens present. In the usual household situation repeated treatment will be necessary to obtain a long-term reduction. PMID- 3502598 TI - [Renal tumors and hypercalcemia]. PMID- 3502599 TI - [Cervical lymphadenopathy in pediatric mycobacterial infections]. PMID- 3502600 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of Trichomonas vaginalis supernatants toward cellular monolayers]. AB - In the present paper we analyzed the cytopathogenic activity of 3 recently isolated strains of T. vaginalis on cellular monolayers of human and animal origin. Proliferation of protozoon was accompanied by the progressive and total disintegration of cellular monolayers. Supernatants obtained by incubating cellular monolayers and Trichomonas or Trichomonas alone showed a similar cytopathic effect. A less lytic activity was shown with supernatants containing fetal calf serum. Cytopathogenicity started at 9th hour and was completed at 24th hour. Both this activity and adherence to cells may contribute to the pathogenicity mechanism of T. vaginalis. PMID- 3502602 TI - [Myocardial ischemia with negative stress electrocardiography: evaluation by stress RI studies]. AB - Patients with negative stress electrocardiography (ECG) (no ST segment depression) were re-evaluated by means of stress RI studies including 201T1 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and 99mTc-RBCs radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). Four hundred seven patients, including 303 with old myocardial infarction (OMI; SPECT: 188, RNV: 115) and 104 with effort angina (EA; SPECT: 58, RNV: 46), all of whom underwent left ventriculography and coronary arteriography, were re-evaluated by symptom-limited graded bicycle ergometer exercise RI testing. The results were as follows: 1. Among those with negative stress ECG (53% of OMI and 31% of EA), 54% and 73% of OMI and EA, respectively, had positive SPECT. 2. Among those with negative stress ECG (56% of OMI and 39% of EA), 70% and 39% of OMI and EA, respectively, had positive delta EF (poor increase in ejection fraction: delta EF less than 5%) and, 41% and 28% of OMI and EA had deteriorated regional wall motion. 3. Those with OMI and negative ECG showed no correlations with the numbers of diseased vessels, infarcted sites, or ischemic areas. In conclusion, RI testing appears to be a significantly more sensitive means of detecting stress-induced ischemia, compared to stress ECG. PMID- 3502603 TI - [Behavior of left ventricular filling after left ventricular aneurysmectomy: evaluation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - The pattern of diastolic flow velocity was studied using pulsed Doppler echocardiography to evaluate postoperative left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients who underwent left ventricular aneurysmectomy. This study involved 16 patients who experienced ischemic heart disease from January 1985 to April 1986. The patients were categorized in two groups; the aneurysm group comprised by seven patients undergoing aneurysmectomy, and the bypass group which included nine patients undergoing only coronary artery bypass grafting. Pulsed Doppler studies were performed five to 22 days before, and at an average of 12 days after surgery. Preoperative cardiac catheterization and cineangiography were performed and, myocardial infarct size was estimated by the Wagner's method. Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography, LV filling dynamics were assessed by the peak velocity in the rapid filling phase (R), the peak velocity in the atrial contraction phase (A), and the ratio of A to R (A/R ratio) of the mitral flow velocity pattern. All data were average in five consecutive beats. 1. The estimated myocardial infarct size (%MI) in both groups before surgery was 38.5% in the aneurysm group and 32.5% in the bypass group, and there was no significant difference between these groups. 2. The preoperative cardiac index (2.9 in the aneurysm group vs 2.8 1/min/m2 in the bypass group), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (16.1 vs 17.3 mmHg), and left ventricular ejection fraction (0.43 vs 0.36) were not significantly different between the two groups. 3. The preoperative A/R ratio was 1.5 in the aneurysm group and this was significantly higher than that of the bypass group (1.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502601 TI - Effect of aortocoronary bypass surgery on coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism during atrial pacing. AB - Eleven patients with coronary heart disease, in whom at least one of several bypass grafts to the left coronary artery was patent, were selected for the study. The hemodynamics, coronary sinus blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and myocardial lactate metabolism were evaluated at rest and during atrial pacing stress test before and after surgery. There were no significant improvements in the cardiac index, pulmonary arterial end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction after aortocoronary bypass surgery. However, significant improvement of coronary sinus blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and myocardial lactate extraction and consumption were found during postoperative atrial pacing compared with the preoperative findings. These results suggest that successful bypass grafting may improve myocardial lactate metabolism in ischemic lesions and contribute to the postoperative relief of angina. PMID- 3502604 TI - [Exercise capacity in ischemic heart disease evaluated by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography]. AB - To evaluate exercise capacity in ischemic heart disease, we measured the peak aortic flow velocity by continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echo from the suprasternal notch at rest and during multiple load ergometer testing in the supine position. The study subjects consisted of 14 normal controls, 10 patients with effort angina and 21 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI). In all the patients and in five normal subjects, thallium-201 emission CT (SPECT) was also performed immediately after exercise and four hours subsequently. Change in the peak aortic flow velocity during exercise was compared with the extent of perfusion defects and the presence or absence of redistribution images on SPECT. At rest, the peak aortic flow velocity was not different from that of the other three groups. During exercise, it increased progressively (crescendo type) as the exercise was increased in normal subjects. In patients with angina pectoris it increased at the initial stage of exercise, but was unchanged (crescendo-plateau type) or decreased (crescendo-decrescendo type) at the maximum exercise stage. Redistribution images on SPECT were seen in nine of 10 patients with angina pectoris. In patients with OMI, change in the peak aortic flow velocity was of the crescendo type in 14, crescendo-decrescendo in three and crescendo-plateau in one. In the remaining three it decreased from the beginning of exercise (decrescendo type). Redistribution images were seen in all patients with the crescendo-decrescendo, crescendo-plateau or decrescendo types. Furthermore, myocardial damage was much more extensive in the decrescendo type. We conclude that exercise continuous wave Doppler echocardiography is a useful means of evaluating exercise capacity in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 3502605 TI - [Right ventricular ejection and regional wall motion evaluated by cardiac blood pool emission computed tomography]. AB - Calculating right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) is difficult because of geometrical problems such as irregular trabeculations, a separate infundibulum, and variations in the right ventricular shape. We performed 99mTc ECG-(dual)gated cardiac blood pool emission computed tomography (ECT) in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease, three patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and eight normal subjects as controls, and RVEF and % shortening of the RV were calculated to evaluate right ventricular function. Methods were as follows: 1) RVEF: The region of interest (ROI) of the RV was determined on reconstructed short-axial images, and then the RV counts in the ROI were summed from the apical slice to the RA-RV boundary slice. (Formula: see text) 2) % shortening of the RV: At the RV mid-portion, the contour from the short-axial image was obtained using the threshold method; the end-diastolic contour was superimposed on the end systolic contour, and then shortenings in the RV free wall and septum respectively, were calculated. To evaluate reliability of RVEF obtained by this method, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) calculated using the same method was compared with results obtained by the previously validated method: There were significant correlations with contrast cineangiography (r = 0.69) and the conventional multigated method (r = 0.90), respectively. Cases with decreased RVEF showed a variety of right ventricular abnormal findings, including positive uptake on 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy, occlusion of the right coronary artery, RV dilatation on echocardiography. The mean RV free wall shortening in the decreased RVEF group was lower than that of the normal group (p less than 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference in the decreased LVEF group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502606 TI - [When is it necessary to lower increased body temperature?]. PMID- 3502607 TI - Epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in estrogen receptor-positive and negative human breast cancer cell lines. AB - Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by human breast cancer tissues has an inverse relationship with expression of the estrogen receptor and may be associated with a poor clinical response. We have studied the regulation of EGF receptor expression in a series of human breast cancer cell lines with varying degrees of estrogen responsiveness. Three estrogen receptor-positive lines, MCF-7, ZR-75-1, and T47D, were found to have less than 70,000 EGF binding sites per cell by radioreceptor assay and were growth stimulated in vitro by EGF. Four estrogen receptor-negative lines, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, EVSA-T, and BT-20, contained greater than 70,000 EGF binding sites per cell and showed no in vitro growth stimulation by EGF. In all cell lines EGF receptor number was correlated with the amount of EGF receptor protein and RNA. Differences in EGF receptor expression between the cell types was not due to amplification of the EGF receptor gene. Rather, variations in EGF receptor expression between lines were due, at least in part, to differences in the rate of EGF gene transcription as determined by nuclear run-off studies. Our data confirm the previously described inverse relationship between expression of EGF and estrogen receptors. We show here that the absence of estrogen receptor expression in human breast cancer cell lines is associated with higher levels of functional EGF receptor protein and mRNA. PMID- 3502609 TI - Human leukocyte differentiation antigens: review of the Third International Workshop. PMID- 3502608 TI - Levels of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450, 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, adrenodoxin, and low density lipoprotein receptor in bovine follicles and corpora lutea throughout the ovarian cycle. AB - To investigate the molecular basis for the pattern of ovarian steroid production during the bovine estrous cycle, the relative levels of mRNA specific for cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450, 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, adrenodoxin, and low density lipoprotein receptor were determined in ovarian antral follicles of differing size (less than 3-18 mm) and corpora lutea from the early, early-mid, late-mid, and regressionary stages. Total and poly(A)+ RNA was size-fractionated on agarose-formaldehyde gels, transferred to nylon filters and hybridized to specific 32P-labeled probes. The levels of mRNAs for the rate-limiting enzymes in the conversion of cholesterol into progesterone, namely cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and its electron donor, adrenodoxin, were higher in corpora lutea than in follicles. Conversely the levels of mRNA specific for the key regulatory enzyme in the conversion of pregnenolone or progesterone to androgen, namely 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450, were high in all antral follicles examined but were low in young corpora lutea and undetectable in more mature corpora lutea. Low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA was detectable in antral follicles and corpora lutea but the levels were greater in corpora lutea. These results suggest that the pattern of changes in steroid hormone biosynthesis during the bovine estrous cycle and in the ovarian content of steroidogenic enzymes is related to and probably dependent upon the pattern of change in levels of mRNAs for steroidogenic enzymes and related proteins. PMID- 3502610 TI - Analysis of major histocompatibility complex class I gene transcription using oligonucleotide probes. AB - Many highly homologous genes are present in the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene family. Consequently, it is difficult to distinguish between RNA transcripts of individual class I genes solely on the basis of nucleic acid hybridization analysis using DNA probes over 50 base pairs long. To avoid this problem, I have designed and synthesized a set of oligonucleotide probes capable of detecting transcripts of single class I genes in the MHC of C57BL/10 mice or sets of allelic class I genes at the same genetic locus in MHC disparate mouse strains. Using these probes, it is possible to determine the relative abundance of specific class I gene transcripts in a wide variety of cell and tissue types from inbred or MHC disparate mice. Examples of the use of these probes to detect different class I gene transcripts in cloned murine T cells, T cells transformed with Radiation Leukemia Virus, chemically induced thymoma cell lines and embryonic tissues are described. The results of these experiments are discussed in the light of possible roles of class I antigens in tumorigenesis or in early development. PMID- 3502612 TI - Roentgen rounds #89. Metachondromatosis. PMID- 3502611 TI - DNA probe technology for detection of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A 5 kb Haemophilus influenzae DNA fragment involved in penicillin-binding proteins expression was used as a probe for specific detection of H. influenzae strains. The 32p-labeled probe specificity was assessed by hybridization to bacterial dots and 75 strains were tested. All H. influenzae (18) and H. aegyptius (1) strains reacted very strongly with the probe. The H. influenzae serotypes tested (a, b, and non-typable strains) did not differ in their hybridization. Some hybridization was also found with the 12 other Haemophilus species tested as well as other Pasteurellaceae such as Actinobacillus lignieresii and Pasteurella multocida. Two other less related species (Klebsiella ozaenae and Providencia stuartii) also showed low hybridization. The probe detected as low as 10(5)-10(6) H. influenzae cells and 0.1 microgram of DNA in a dot sensitivity test. Hybridization to electroblotted, digested DNA from different species which reacted in the bacterial dot test revealed strong hybridization to H. influenzae and H. aegyptius only. This DNA probe should prove useful for H. influenzae and possibly H. aegyptius detection due to its high specificity and sensitivity under stringent hybridization conditions. PMID- 3502613 TI - Is the indirect antiglobulin crossmatch justified? AB - Pretransfusion testing has undergone a rationalization, resulting in a more efficient transfusion service but with no compromise to patient safety. Current debate centres on the necessity of performing an antiglobulin crossmatch if a suitable screening test for detecting red cell antibodies is negative. A retrospective study of all pretransfusion testing was undertaken to determine the specificities and possible clinical significance of antibodies detected by the crossmatch alone. The results indicate that omission of the crossmatch will not compromise patient safety. This will have benefits to both the patient and the laboratory. The patient will benefit because of less time needed to provide homologous donor blood. The laboratory will benefit from cost savings as a result of less antiglobulin reagent being used, less time taken for providing blood (and hence further cost savings) and less blood needing to be held in stock. The cost savings generated could be channelled into areas that will result in greater patient safety at a lower cost than crossmatching. Two of these areas are prevention of patient and specimen identification errors by the use of a unique transfusion number system and the full utilization of an autologous blood service. PMID- 3502614 TI - Incidence of motile, curved anaerobic rods (Mobiluncus species) in vaginal secretions. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic cultures as well as a Gram stain and wet mount preparation were made of vaginal swabs taken from various groups of women including those with vaginal discharge. The bacteria commonly found in cultures were lactobacilli, coryneforms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and facultative streptococci. Anaerobes were isolated from 75% (475 of 632) of specimens. The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida species, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus species in the five groups of women varied from 2.2-5.1%, 11.5-35.7%, 23.3-36.7% and 20.0-34.8% respectively. Except for Candida species, differences in the prevalence of these organisms between the groups of women were not significant. The isolation rates of Candida species in women attending the antenatal clinic and staff health clinic were significantly higher than women in the other groups. Mobiluncus species were found to occur either with T. vaginalis, Candida species or G. vaginalis alone or with any two or with all three or in the absence of these organisms. However, the incidence of Mobiluncus species was significantly higher in women colonized with G. vaginalis (112 of 185, or 60.5%) compared with women not infected (47 of 477, or 9.8%). Also, Mobiluncus species occurred in large numbers when found in the presence of G. vaginalis. When found without G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus species occurred in much smaller numbers. As with G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus species also occurred concomitantly with certain anaerobes, mainly Bacteroides species and peptostreptococci. PMID- 3502615 TI - Effects of oral administration of streptococcal preparation OK-432 on thoracic duct lymphocytes. AB - One KE of streptococcal preparation OK-432 (PIC) was given orally to 6-week old male Wistar-Imamichi rats twice weekly, and control animals received comparable volumes of saline alone. Samples of thoracic duct lymph and posterior vena caval blood were collected prior to and 4 and 8 weeks following PIC. The T cell count of thoracic duct lymphocytes was about three times greater than that of venous blood specimens, and increased significantly in animals following PIC. Controls showed only a slight increase followed by a decrease, so that by 8 weeks of treatment with PIC, the thoracic duct T cell count revealed a significantly greater number in the PIC group than in the controls. In addition, after 8 weeks the per cent T cell subpopulation in thoracic duct lymph increased significantly in the treated group, but it declined in the control group. Concerning T cell subsets in thoracic duct lymphocytes, the percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells showed a significant elevation in the control group after 4 weeks compared with the treated group. No other blood or lymph variables reached statistical significance in this respect. PMID- 3502616 TI - Influence of ethanol on glutathione level in the blood, liver and kidneys of Rana temporaria L. in the annual cycle. AB - The effects of single doses (3 g/kg and 9 g/kg) of 35% ethanol, on the glutathione (GSH) contents of the blood, liver and kidneys of Rana temporaria L. were studied in the annual cycle. It was found that the single doses of ethanol generally caused a significant increase of GSH in the blood and liver of males and females of Rana temporaria L. in each period of the annual cycle as compared with the control values. In time, it was found that the same doses of ethanol caused a significant decrease in the GSH content of the kidneys of the male and female Rana temporaria L. during their active land life and a strong increase of this tripeptide during hibernation. PMID- 3502618 TI - Humoral immune response to a ricin A chain immunotoxin in patients with metastatic melanoma. AB - Immunotoxins, hybrid molecules consisting of a monoclonal antibody linked to a polypeptide toxin have shown anti-tumor activity in both animal models and early clinical trials. However, their potential value in the treatment of human cancer may be limited by the development of host antibodies against the conjugate. Such antibodies could potentially alter immunotoxin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as precipitate serum sickness or anaphylaxis. Using a radioimmunoassay we have measured serial anti-ricin A chain (anti-RTA) and anti murine immunoglobulin (anti-MIG) titers in 22 patients who received the anti melanoma immunotoxin XomaZymeR-Mel. Significant titers of anti-RTA and/or anti MIG were detected in 17 of 21 evaluable patients. Of the four patients not developing antibodies, two were likely immunosuppressed secondary to dexamethasone, and CCNU and dexamethasone respectively. Both patients who received immunotoxin at a time when they had detectable anti-immunotoxin antibodies experienced infusion reactions consistent with immune mediated allergic responses. There was a decrease in peak immunotoxin level in the one patient who had serum immunotoxin levels measured at a time when anti-RTA was present. Strategies to suppress the human immune response to immunotoxins are required before repetitive courses of immunotoxin of this design may be administered. PMID- 3502617 TI - Neurotropic response of Spiroplasma mirum following peripheral inoculation in the rat. AB - Spiroplasma mirum experimentally produces a persistent brain infection in suckling rats when administered intracerebrally. In order to examine spiroplasma infection induced by a more natural route, suckling rats were inoculated both intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with strain GT-48. No mortality was recorded over a 50-day study period. Rats developed localized alopecia and showed a significant reduction in body weight. Minimal pathological alterations were observed in brain tissues, in addition to cataracts, retinal degeneration and panophthalmitis. Spiroplasmas were recovered from brain and spleen on day 2 following peripheral inoculation with highest titres in the spleen. Spleen titres significantly declined (p less than 0.022) during the 50-day study period. On day 50, brain titres exceeded those in the spleen. The attraction of spiroplasma to central nervous system tissues may be related to its nutritional dependence on sterols. PMID- 3502619 TI - The foot in arthritis. PMID- 3502620 TI - Epidemiological, sociological and environmental aspects of rheumatology. PMID- 3502621 TI - The serpins: evolution and adaptation in a family of protease inhibitors. PMID- 3502622 TI - Positive darwinian selection in evolution of protein inhibitors of serine proteinases. PMID- 3502623 TI - Microelectrode depth study of the electroretinographic oscillatory potentials in the frog retina. AB - The depth profile of the electroretinographic oscillatory potentials was studied in the isolated frog retina. The intraretinal electrode was introduced from the receptor side, and the reference electrode was placed on the vitreal side. The electroretinogram, recorded either transretinally or with the electrode tip in the receptor layer, showed 4 to 10 oscillatory potential wavelets. As the electrode was advanced proximally, the wavelets disappeared as a function of retinal depth. The wavelets with longer peak latencies disappeared earlier, and only the first one or two wavelets could be identified when the electrode was in the inner plexiform layer. These findings indicate that the oscillatory potentials are generated between the inner and outer plexiform layers and that the earlier wavelets originate in the more proximal retina. The results are consistent with the notion that the oscillatory potentials are generated by synaptic feedback circuits. PMID- 3502624 TI - Alteration of monkey retinal oscillatory potentials after MPTP injection. AB - We have investigated the functional role of dopamine in the monkey retina by recording the retinal responses to flash stimulations before and after destruction of dopaminergic cells by intravenous injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We evaluated specifically the oscillatory potentials (100 Hz-3 KHz) of the electroretinogram. By day 47 after MPTP injection, a selective decrease of the amplitude of the first oscillatory potential was observed. At that time the animals had been receiving antiparkinsonian therapy since day 15. These results suggest that retinal dopaminergic neurons may play a role in the generation of the first oscillatory potential, and moreover, that each oscillatory potential should be considered individually. PMID- 3502626 TI - Epidemiological and entomological aspects of malaria outbreak during 1986-87 in Panaji, Goa. PMID- 3502625 TI - Prevalence of Rett syndrome in Switzerland. AB - In an extensive survey, 35 cases of Rett syndrome born in Switzerland were found. Only 5 probands were older than 20 years; the oldest subject was 37. The prevalence for 1967-1982 was 0.41/10,000 (= 1:24,600) girls. This is considered a minimum prevalence since complete ascertainment was not possible by this investigation. Prevalence figures from southern Sweden and west of Scotland are higher (approximately 1:15,000). Rett syndrome is apparently responsible for a considerable proportion of girls with neurodegenerative disorders. PMID- 3502627 TI - Control of acute respiratory infections in children. PMID- 3502628 TI - Antibody against Coxiella burnetti in animals and humans in Delhi. PMID- 3502629 TI - An alternative hypothesis for iris maldevelopment (aniridia). AB - Two principal hypotheses for the pathogenesis of hypoplastic iris development ("aniridia") have been proposed: 1) the ectodermal theory, positing incomplete elaboration of the cup, resulting in an absence of framework for further development; and 2) the "mesodermal" theory, wherein inadequate migration or proliferation of mesenchymal elements is proposed. Two eyes of two patients with persistent "anterior leaf" iris strand remnants which traverse the pupillary space are reported. They are differentiated from the previously described persistent tunica vasculosa lentis. The presence of a persistent pupillary iris strand suggests portions of the iris may have formed and inappropriately regressed. Recent work in cell biology highlights the importance of remodeling and cell death in revealing ultimate phenotypic expression. This alternative hypothesis suggests that aniridia may be explained in part on the basis of excessive remodeling and cell death. PMID- 3502630 TI - [New diagnostic possibilities in nuclear neurology]. PMID- 3502631 TI - Slit-ventricle syndrome: review of 15 cases. AB - The slit-ventricle syndrome (SVS) has been the subject of diverse opinions and recommendations during the past 2 decades. In an effort to define the clinical features of SVS and to make recommendations concerning management we have reviewed 15 cases treated by a fairly uniform technique during the past 5 years. The syndrome consists of: (1) intermittent, but self-limiting episodes resembling shunt malfunction, usually lasting a few days, (2) nonfilling of the pumping device after compression, and (3) a slit-like ventricular system on CT scan. In all but 2 patients the initial shunt was performed in infancy. The mean interval from the initial shunt to treatment of SVS was 6 years. The age range at onset of SVS varied from 2 to 17 years with a mean of 7 years. All patients in this series were relieved of symptoms by placement of an antisiphon device and, in most patients, upgrading the valve resistance. Analysis of this series has led to the following conclusions: (1) SVS is a characteristic clinical entity, usually distinguishable from persistent shunt malfunction and from low-pressure headache, (2) the pathogenesis is intermittent obstruction of the ventricular catheter, (3) there is no good evidence that changes of brain compliance or La Place principles apply, and (4) placement of antisiphon device and upgrading valve resistance are effective treatments. PMID- 3502632 TI - Eight-year survival in a boy with cerebellar tumor. PMID- 3502633 TI - [Cellular immunity in periodontal disease]. PMID- 3502634 TI - [Radiographic changes in an eosinophilic granuloma]. PMID- 3502635 TI - [Peripheral blood T, B and NK cell subsets in relation to disease activity and anatomical stages in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 3502636 TI - [Presence of autoimmune antibody in cases of habitual abortion]. PMID- 3502637 TI - The direct IgG-MAR test (mixed antiglobulin reaction test): results and correlations with seminal analysis in 1176 men from infertile couples. AB - The direct IgG mixed antiglobulin reaction (IgG-MAR) test was carried out as a screening test and as a routine test of semen analysis in 1176 male patients from infertile couples. We correlated the results of the IgG-MAR test with the semen analysis parameters. The test was only positive in 3.1% of the cases; other Authors describe incidences of much higher positive results than ours, for which reason we emphasize that our patients had not previously undergone any kind of preliminary section. The positive IgG-MAR test proved to correlate significantly both with the number and motility of the spermatozoa, while there appeared to be no correlation between its positiveness and the other parameters of the seminal liquid. PMID- 3502638 TI - [Changes in hemostasis of dental importance. Physiopathologic system]. PMID- 3502639 TI - Peptic ulcer in Bangladesh. PMID- 3502640 TI - Prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases in school children in Dhaka city. PMID- 3502641 TI - Synthesis and secretion of an hEGF-like immunoreactive factor by human gastric cancer cells (MKN-45). AB - A large amount of an immunoreactive factor was detected in the medium conditioned by human gastric cancer cells, strain MKN-45, by our enzyme immunoassay system for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) based on hEGF isolated from urine. However, the dose-response curve of the immunoreactive factor (designated as MKN 45 EGF) was not parallel with the standard curve of hEGF. The molecular weight of MKN-45 EGF was slightly larger than that of hEGF and was estimated to be 7,000 8,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. On isoelectric focusing analysis, MKN 45 EGF gave a major peak at pH 5.0 and a minor one at pH 4.3. These results demonstrate that MKN-45 cells synthesize and secrete into the culture medium a polypeptide immunologically related to hEGF. PMID- 3502642 TI - [Levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin in serum of patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis]. PMID- 3502643 TI - [Analgesic effect of naproxen in postoperative oral surgery pain]. PMID- 3502644 TI - Positive predictive values of fluorescent antinuclear antibody test, anti-n-DNA test and LE cell preparation test in SLE. PMID- 3502645 TI - [Nonsurgical treatment of TMJ disorders--chemical and physical therapy]. PMID- 3502646 TI - [Determination of the ELP (elastase-like proteinase) plasma levels in patients with rapidly advancing and with juvenile periodontitis]. PMID- 3502647 TI - Intraocular involvement of T and B cell lymphomas. AB - Six elderly patients with ocular involvement by Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reviewed. The characteristic clinical features were a history of fluctuating vision, findings of decreased colour vision, constricted visual fields, vitreous cells and subretinal infiltrates. Fluorescein angiography revealed pigment epithelial abnormalities and attenuated retinal vessels. Non-invasive investigations produced a definite diagnosis in two patients and a presumptive diagnosis in a further three. The ocular involvement was confirmed by vitreous cytology in only one patient: vitreous biopsies in three other patients yielded chronic inflammatory cells and no evidence of lymphoma. The condition responded poorly to steroids but well to radiotherapy. PMID- 3502649 TI - Interleukin-2 in the treatment of infiltrating bladder cancer. PMID- 3502648 TI - Deficiency of C4A is a genetic determinant of systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has shown associations with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DR antigens and class III complement components C2 and C4 in previous studies. The primary susceptibility locus has been difficult to identify, however, on account of linkage disequilibrium within the MHC. We have studied C4A and C4B distributions in 63 Caucasoid, 75 Chinese and 51 Japanese SLE patients. All three populations showed a statistically significant increase in C4A*Q0 (null) alleles when compared with 323 ethnically matched controls. We conclude that complete or partial deficiency of C4A is a genetic determinant of SLE common to these three ethnically distinct populations. PMID- 3502650 TI - Interleukin-2 treatment of lung metastases of a mammary adenocarcinoma. A case report. PMID- 3502651 TI - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) and cancer. In vitro response to exogenous R and non-R IL 2 by PHA-activated and non-PHA-activated PBMC from patients with cancer. PMID- 3502652 TI - Successful treatment of T-hairy cell leukemia with lymphoblastoid-interferon. PMID- 3502654 TI - Sodium permeability of the frog tongue epithelium. AB - Application of NaCl to the frog tongue produced a sodium influx through the dorsal epithelium. The flux was distinctly faster through those of the palatal epithelium and the skin, and may influence taste reception in frogs. PMID- 3502653 TI - Spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency responses to sinusoidal stimulation in cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units of frogs. AB - While applying the Fast Fourier Transform to the instantaneous frequency responses to sinusoidal indentations of the cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units in frogs, we examined quantitatively the dynamic responses of these units. In two kinds of slowly adapting (SA) units, i.e., frog type I and frog type II units, and in rapidly adapting (RA) type I units, the instantaneous frequency responses could be reconstructed by summation of the DC component and the major 3 5 harmonics in the power spectra. In both types of SA units, the fundamental wave was the largest in power of the spectrum, but in the RA units, the 2nd harmonic was the largest. In SA units, the phase of the fundamental wave advanced by 20-55 degrees relative to the sinusoidal stimulation, but the phase of the 2nd harmonic of the RA units advanced by ca. 90 degrees. The magnitude of each component in the power spectra, especially the fundamental wave of the two SA units and the 2nd harmonics of the RA unit, increased with an increase in stimulus amplitude and frequency. The phases of the harmonics in both SA and RA types were fairly constant over varying amplitudes and frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation. The present findings indicate that both the frog type I and type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units detect both indentation magnitude and positive velocity, and that the RA type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferent units detect the stimulus velocity. PMID- 3502655 TI - A local anesthetic, tetracaine, similarly inhibits Ag+ and K+ contractures in frog skeletal muscle. AB - To evaluate usefulness of Ag+ contracture as a tool for elucidating the mechanism underlying the excitation-contraction coupling, the effects of tetracaine on Ag+ contracture were compared with those on K+ and caffeine contractures in frog skeletal muscle. Tetracaine less than 100 microM shortened the duration of 120 mM K+ contracture, without affecting tension amplitude. At higher concentrations of tetracaine, K+ contracture was inhibited dose-dependently and the duration shortened. Treatment of the fibers with 20-500 microM tetracaine for 3 min did not block the contracture induced by 25 mM caffeine. Effects of tetracaine on Ag+ contracture were similar to those on K+ contracture. In the presence of 200 microM tetracaine, 41% inhibition was observed in 120 mM K+ contracture, while 43% in 100 microM Ag+ contracture. Also, 200 microM tetracaine completely inhibited the contractures induced by 40 mM K+ or 5 microM Ag+. These findings suggest that the Ag+ may induce contractures via its action on the T/SR junction, not a direct action on the SR. Therefore, understanding the mechanism involved in the development of Ag+ contracture would be helpful to elucidate the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 3502657 TI - The clinical significance of change. AB - Clinicians frequently make judgements about the clinical importance of a change in "score" on visual function tests obtained from patients on successive visits. Almost no normative data for assessing the significance of change in performance on routinely used clinical tests exists, and the importance of collecting such data is emphasized. A description of how normative data for the significance of change can be collected is given, using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test as an example. Although there are always limitations to estimates of error variance, the importance of determining the precision of clinical tests, for guiding rational decision making, is stressed. PMID- 3502656 TI - Clinical use of diagnostic tests. AB - Case histories are presented to illustrate a cross-section of work undertaken by optometrists in the Visual Assessment Department at the Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology. The clinical value of ocular diagnostic tests is emphasized, with particular reference to the differential diagnosis in cases of optic atrophy. PMID- 3502658 TI - The changing relationship between age and suicide rates: cohort effect, period effect or both? AB - Massive changes in suicide rates over time have been recognized in the United States. An attempt has been made to describe these changes with age-period-cohort analyses. A variety of approaches has led us to conclude that suicide rates of non-white males, white and non-white females can be described adequately without a cohort effect. Recent suicide trends lead to the conclusion that a model based on a rising rate in more recently born white male cohorts coupled with an independent age effect could be rejected. If a cohort effect is postulated for more recent birth cohorts, it would require that the cohort suicide rate is decreasing with each successive birth cohort. Models based on high suicide rates in recent cohorts and additive age effects are probably misleading for future predictions. An association was noted between recent changes in the teenage and young adult suicide rates and rates of depression. Both may be the product of similar social influences. PMID- 3502659 TI - A study of somatization disorder in a community population utilizing grade of membership analysis. AB - A new multivariate analytical technique for the analysis of medical classification, Grade of Membership analysis, is utilized to examine somatization disorder in a community population. The authors examine whether somatic symptoms will cluster into a clinical syndrome resembling somatization disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), if no prior assumptions are made about the inter-relationship of somatic symptoms or their clustering into clinical syndromes. Using respondents in the US National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area project of the Piedmont Region of North Carolina, Grade of Membership analysis was applied to all respondents reporting 3 or more somatic symptoms from the somatization disorder section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Seven 'pure' types, roughly analogous to clusters in cluster analysis emerged from the analysis. One 'pure' type in the analysis is nearly identical to DSM-III somatization disorder and is associated with demographic characteristics found among patients with DSM-III somatization disorder. The results indicate that symptoms associated with somatization disorder cluster in a highly predictable fashion and represent a strong validation of the natural occurrence of an entity resembling somatization disorder. PMID- 3502661 TI - Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies may inhibit A431 tumor cell proliferation by blocking an autocrine pathway. AB - Monoclonal antibodies which bind to the EGF receptor have the capacity to inhibit EGF-induced effects upon proliferation and biochemical functions in cultured human cells. Some EGF receptor-bearing tumor cells are prevented from growth by treatment with antireceptor antibody. Evidence is presented which suggests that antibody-mediated antiproliferative activity may result from effects upon growth factor-dependent processes in the receptor-bearing cells. PMID- 3502660 TI - A paradox: elevated 21-hydroxypregnenolone production in newborns with 21 hydroxylase deficiency. AB - 21-Hydroxypregnenolone and its metabolite 5-pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha 21-triol have been measured in the sulfate fraction of neonatal urine. These two steroids are the major two 21-hydroxylated 5-pregnenes produced by neonates and are almost exclusively excreted as disulfates. The excretions of these steroids by normal infants and infants with 21-hydroxylase deficiency were compared. In addition to measurement of the absolute excretion, the excretion relative to the total 3 beta hydroxy-5-ene output was also determined. The results show that 21 hydroxypregnenolone excretion is highly elevated in 21-hydroxylase deficiency (affected, mean 887 micrograms/24 h, range 453-1431 micrograms/24 h; normal, mean 117 micrograms/24 h, range 17-263 micrograms/24 h), but when compared to excretion of other delta 5 steroids the excretion is slightly low [(21 hydroxypregnenolone + 5-pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha, 21-triol)/total 3-beta-hydroxy 5-ene steroids, 2.9% affected; 3.6% normal]. This difference was not statistically significant. There is thus no evidence that the 21-hydroxylase acting on pregnenolone is deficient in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The explanation of the normal activity of "pregnenolone 21-hydroxylase," although not clearly defined, is probably associated with two recent findings by other workers: (a) that the human fetus has an active 21-hydroxylase distinct from the adrenal enzyme and (b) that a 21-hydroxylase structurally very different from the adrenal enzyme, with high activity towards pregnenolone (but no activity towards 17-hydroxyprogesterone), has been isolated from rabbit hepatic microsomes. PMID- 3502662 TI - Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell-mediated endothelial injury: a mechanism for capillary leak syndrome in patients treated with LAK cells and interleukin-2. AB - We have investigated the possible etiology of a severe clinical syndrome seen in cancer patients treated with a new form of cancer-specific therapy, referred to as adoptive immunotherapy. This syndrome, apparently characterized by diffuse capillary injury, results in the leakage of intravascular fluid into interstitial tissues, with consequent organ dysfunction that limits the applicability of this form of therapy. We have demonstrated, using an in vitro model of cultured human endothelial cell injury, that LAK cells--lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by IL-2- appear to be potent mediators of endothelial injury. This LAK cell-mediated endothelial cytotoxicity is both time and dose dependent and is not manifested by freshly isolated human lymphocytes or lymphocytes cultured for up to 7 days in the absence of IL-2. In contrast, significant LAK cell-mediated damage to human endothelial cells is observed in lymphocytes cultured for as little as 24 hr in media containing IL-2 and is still found in 14-day-old LAK cells. LAK cells appear to be far more potent than maximally stimulated PMNs in their cytolytic activity against endothelium. In contrast, no damage to cultured endothelial cells is provoked by very large doses of IL-2 alone. Levels of IL-2 that are 3-5 times greater than peak blood IL-2 levels, transiently present in patients following bolus IL-2 injections, fail completely to produce HEC cytotoxicity even during prolonged incubation. The mechanism by which LAK cells kill their targets appears to be analogous to that previously described for related cytolytic T lymphocytes and NK cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502663 TI - Studies on the chemical nature of bioactive CRF in testis and other peripheral tissues. PMID- 3502664 TI - [Instrumental diagnosis of infiltrated facial tumors]. PMID- 3502665 TI - Isolation of EGF-dependent transforming growth factor (TGF beta-like) activity from culture medium conditioned by fetal rat calvariae. AB - A transforming growth factor of the beta class (TGF-beta), defined by its ability to induce normal rat kidney cells (NRK, clone 49F) to form anchorage-independent large colonies in soft agar in the obligate presence of epidermal growth factor, has been prepared from culture medium conditioned by fetal rat calvariae. This activity was purified by acetic acid extraction, gel permeation chromatography, and two reversed-phase HPLC (rpHPLC) steps. Bone culture derived-TGF beta-like activity was soluble in 1.0 M acetic acid, eluted from Sephadex G-75 at relative molecular mass (Mr) 25,000, from mu Bondapak C18 rpHPLC at 63 +/- 5% methanol in 0.1 M acetic acid, and from mu Bondapak CN rpHPLC at 36 +/- 2% n-propanol in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Based on specific activity estimations at each stage of purification, TGF beta-like activity was purified 2500-fold with a 14% recovery, and 1 l of conditioned medium yielded 1-2 micrograms of factor. Silver-stained polyacrylamide gels of this material after CN mu Bondapak rpHPLC revealed a predominant band of (Mr) 24,000. PMID- 3502666 TI - Synergism between parathyroid hormone and interleukin 1 in stimulating bone resorption in organ culture. AB - The interaction of interleukin 1 (IL-1), a locally produced factor, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), a systemic factor, in stimulating bone resorption was examined using fetal rat long bone organ culture. Concentrations of IL-1 and PTH, which stimulated little bone resorption when present singly, produced marked resorption when present simultaneously. This synergistic interaction of IL-1 and PTH was not affected by the presence of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin. Both interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 1 beta were capable of producing synergy. Synergy was not produced by sequential exposure of bone to IL 1 and PTH, but required the simultaneous presence of both mediators. The leftward shift in the dose response curve of PTH produced by IL-1 may be an important mechanism controlling localized bone resorption. A role for IL-1 in stimulating bone resorption in pathologic conditions, such as arthritis and periodontal disease, is strengthened by the finding that even low concentrations of IL-1 can produce resorptive effects by synergistic interaction with PTH. PMID- 3502667 TI - Healing of rachitic lesions in chicks by 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol administered locally into bone. AB - In an attempt to further define the nature of the active metabolite in bone formation, a series of experiments were conducted whereby vitamin D metabolites were administered locally in vivo into the proximal epiphyseal growth plate of the tibiae of rachitic chicks. Local administration of 3 micrograms of 24,25(OH)2D3 in vivo to D-deficient chicks resulted in disappearance of the rachitic lesions in the same leg. Administration of 1 microgram 1,25(OH)2D3 in a similar manner failed to show any sign of healing. Injection of 5 micrograms 25(OH)D3 was followed by recovery from rickets in both the injected right leg and in the vehicle-injected left tibia, although the recovery was more pronounced in the injected leg. Lower doses of 0.3 or 1 microgram 24,25(OH)2D3 failed to reverse the rachitic lesions and induced only minimal recovery. These findings suggest that 24,25(OH)2D3 at the higher doses has a direct local effect on cartilage and bone, while 1,25(OH)2D3 has no such effect in chicks. 25(OH)D3 is probably absorbed from the epiphyses into the blood stream and converted into the active metabolites, which were indeed detected in the blood to exert its systemic effects. PMID- 3502668 TI - [Immune response following open-heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 3502669 TI - [Uveitis combined with psoriatic arthropathy--a report of two cases]. PMID- 3502670 TI - Nature and pressure dependence of damage induced by distension of human saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - Surgical preparation of human saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting involving distension and storage in iso-osmotic sodium chloride solution reduced tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (mean(SEM] concentration from 280(20) nmol.g 1 wet wt (n = 25) to 140(30) nmol.g-1 wet wt (n = 12) and the adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ATP:ADP) concentration ratio from 2.4(0.1) to 1.2(0.2). Since removal of endothelium from freshly isolated vein did not affect ATP concentration or ATP:ADP ratio, these changes quantified medial damage. Distension of the vein at a pressure of 150 mmHg caused no change in ATP concentration or ATP:ADP ratio, but these values were reduced progressively by distension at 300 mmHg and 600 mmHg. Damage was not reversed but was exacerbated by subsequent incubation of the distended vein in blood. Distension of the vein at 600 mmHg caused release of tissue lactate dehydrogenase. The data show that acute medial damage can result from distension of the vein but that this does not occur at pressure equivalent to normal arterial pressure. Distension induced medial damage is unlikely to be rapidly reversible. PMID- 3502671 TI - Atopy, smoking, and chronic bronchitis. AB - The aim was to test the hypothesis that atopy increases the occurrence of chronic bronchitis. Relations between atopy, smoking, and chronic bronchitis were studied in farmers. The data were from two successive postal surveys and a skin prick tested subsample. The cross-sectional study consisted of 9017 farmers. Those 6899 farmers who did not have chronic bronchitis at the beginning and who continued farming were followed for three years. A sample of 150 farmers was skin-tested with 36 allergens. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis (rate per 1000), standardised for age and sex, was 41 in non-atopic non-smokers, 101 in atopic non smokers, 106 in non-atopic smokers, and 257 in atopic smokers (effect of atopy: p less than 0.001; effect of smoking: p less than 0.001). The standardised incidence rates of chronic bronchitis (per 1000 farming years) were 14, 34, 36, and 50, respectively (atopy: p less than 0.001; smoking p less than 0.001). The relative risk of chronic bronchitis, calculated from the incidence data adjusting for the effects of age, sex, smoking or atopy by logistic regression analysis was 2.2 for atopy (95% confidence interval 1.8-2.7) and 2.3 for smoking (1.8-2.9). Only 20 farmers had chronic bronchitis in the skin-tested subjects; the results were consistent with the findings in the surveys but did not reach statistical significance for atopy. In conclusion, atopy and smoking have independent and additive effects on the occurrence of chronic bronchitis at least in dusty farming work. PMID- 3502673 TI - Caffeine-induced inactivation of the M-current in bullfrog sympathetic neurons. PMID- 3502672 TI - Adult body height and childhood socioeconomic group in the Swedish population. AB - Cross-sectional data from interviews of a sample of the Swedish population aged 16 to 74 years in 1980-81 were used to obtain information on the relation between father's socioeconomic status during the childhood of the participants and the adult body height of the latter. A difference in height between members of higher and lower socioeconomic groups was found. The difference diminished over falling age but was still noticeable among men born in the early and mid 1950s. The mean difference in height between sons of senior salaried employees and sons of unskilled workers was 2.9 cm. The difference was less for women. PMID- 3502674 TI - 123I-amphetamine-SPECT in classical migraine and migraine accompagnee. AB - Migraine is considered to be a functional neurological disorder. In classical migraine (headache associated with prodromal visual field disturbances) and migraine accompagnee (headache associated with transient neurological symptoms), disturbances of cerebral blood flow and amine metabolism are thought to be pathogenetic factors. However, conventional methods of neuroimaging (CAT, NMR) usually do not yield any pathological findings in patients. Since 123I iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) crosses the intact blood brain barrier, 123I-IMP-SPECT is used for the assessment of cerebral perfusion in various neurological diseases, including functional disorders. 123I-IMP-SPECT was performed on 5 patients with classical migraine and 18 patients with migraine accompagnee. At the time of investigation, all patients were symptom-free. Cerebral blood flow was decreased in all patients with migraine accompagnee, and often corresponded to the site of headache as well as to the topography of transient neurological symptoms. This reduction was most obvious in a patient with persisting neurological symptoms. Most patients with classical migraine, however, did not show any alteration of cerebral perfusion. It appears that migraine--and in particular migraine accompagnee--is characterized by a permanent alteration not only of cerebral blood flow but also of neuronal activity. Migraine attacks may occur in connection with exacerbations of preexisting metabolic alterations. PMID- 3502675 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cranial computerized tomography (CCT), evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in five patients with funicular myelosis. AB - Five Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were examined by means of MRI, CCT, VEP, BAEP, EEG, and CSF. In 3 patients medianus-SEP and EMG/ENG were recorded as well. Partly, findings of MRI, CCT, VEP, BAEP, SEP, and CSF were similar to those in multiple sclerosis. This is not very surprising considering that the central nervous system lesions in vitamin B12 deficiency consist of disseminated demyelination. Because of this all these investigative techniques must be considered non-specific. Appraisal of findings is only possible in connection with the case history, clinical findings, and supplementary diagnostic measurements. PMID- 3502676 TI - Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis: antibody detection in New Zealand. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were developed to detect IgG antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in a healthy New Zealand population. Sera from 551 healthy persons aged 6-65 years from different areas in New Zealand were tested. Immunity to diphtheria decreased steadily from 97.1% in the 6-9 age group to 47.6% in the 60-65 age group. Immunity to tetanus varied from 88.6% in the 6-9 age group to 83.3% in the 20-29 age group, whence the level decreased with age to 57.1% in the 60-65 age group. In the teenage and adult groups more than 87.6% have antibodies to pertussis while in the 60-65 group it was 66.7%. There was great variation in the level of measurable antibody to pertussis in all age groups. PMID- 3502677 TI - A morphometric study of mouse trigeminal roots after unilateral destruction of vibrissae follicles at birth. AB - Trigeminal sensory roots were studied in neonatal mice. On the deafferented side, the surface area of the cross-section through the sensory root is diminished by 31% and the number of myelinated fibers is reduced by 21%, but the proportion between myelinated and unmyelinated fibers remains unchanged. The distribution of axonal diameters, analysed in 7 dorso-ventral scanning bands through the sensory roots, indicates a loss or eventually an atrophy of large myelinated axons in the medial two thirds of the sensory root. In both control and deafferented sides the diameter of the myelinated fiber (outside the myelin sheath) is proportional to the axon diameter (inside the myelin sheath). Our results confirm the loss of most of the neurons innervating vibrissae and the lack of regeneration or sprouting in the deafferented root in the newborn mouse. PMID- 3502678 TI - Effect of epidermal growth factor infusion on serum and urine calcium in mice. AB - Transforming growth factors (TGFs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the hypercalcemia in malignancy (HM). In order to evaluate the role of these growth factors (epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF-alpha acting via the EGF receptor) in the development of HM, we studied the effect of 2 doses of EGF (0.1 and 0.3 microgram/g/day) given for 7 days as a continuous infusion on serum and urine calcium in athymic mice. These infusions had no effect on serum and urine Ca values in this study. In order to assess the biological activity of the infused EGF, other known effects on gastric and pancreatic weights were evaluated. EGF-infused animals had significantly greater gastric and pancreatic weights than controls. Thus, EGF infusion into mice in doses which elicited known biological effects failed to have an effect on serum and urine Ca. An infusion of bovine parathyroid hormone 1-34 at the dose of 0.1 microgram/g/day resulted in significant hypercalcemia. PMID- 3502679 TI - Relaxation of rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle by parathyroid hormone. AB - In this study we investigated whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) can produce relaxation of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle as it has been reported to do for vascular and uterine smooth muscle. Muscle tissue preparations from rat stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon were mounted in a 37 degrees C tissue bath and perfused with oxygenated medium. Changes in isometric tension were recorded with a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. Decreases in either resting tension or agonist-induced tension (0.5-1.0 microM acetylcholine or carbachol) were observed within 1-2 min of PTH addition and were reversible upon removal of the peptide. All GI regions tested were responsive to PTH. Synthetic rPTH-(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of both fundic (ED50 = 5.2 nM) and colonic (ED50 = 2.5 nM) muscle strips. At 100 nM, a 90% decrease in fundic tension and a 70% decrease in colonic tension were seen. At 100 nM, bPTH-(1-34), but not bPTH-(7-34) or rat calcitonin gene-related peptide, also was effective in relaxing fundic or colonic muscle. Similarly, in the fundic muscle, 500 nM bPTH-(3-34) alone was ineffective, but it inhibited the effect of 5 nM rPTH-(1-34) when both peptides were tested in combination. Likewise, 100 nM bPTH-(3-34) also inhibited the relaxation induced by 5, 10, or 100 nM bPTH-(1 34). The results show PTH to be highly effective in nanomolar concentrations in causing relaxation of GI smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502680 TI - A comparative immunocytochemical study on the subcellular distributions of 44 kDa bone phosphoprotein and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein in osteoblasts. AB - Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein (BGP or osteocalcin) and 44 kDa bone phosphoprotein (44K BPP, also called Sialoprotein I or osteopontin) have been localized at the ultrastructural level in osteoblasts from woven bones of newborn rats. Frozen, undecalcified sections of periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde fixed specimens were incubated with affinity purified, monospecific antibodies against BGP or 44K BPP. The sites of the antigen-antibody reaction were demonstrated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using the Hanker-Yates reagent as a peroxidase substrate. In some cases immunostaining could only be achieved after detergent treatment. The immunostained sections were then flat-embedded in Epon 812 and processed for electron microscopy. Strong specific intracellular labeling was obtained with both antibodies, but the patterns of staining differed significantly: BGP antigenicity was mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas 44K BPP behaved as a Golgi-specific antigen. In both cases, however, we found no evidence for immunostained secretory vesicles. There was no correlation between the expression of BGP by osteoblasts and the morphological aspect of these cells, their apparent degree of polarization with respect to the bone matrix, or their relation with the mineralized phase. PMID- 3502681 TI - Biphasic effects of epidermal growth factor on bone nodule formation by isolated rat calvaria cells in vitro. AB - Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal rat calvaria (RC) form three dimensional nodules in vitro having the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of bone. When administered continually over 21 days of culture, EGF caused a dose-related inhibition of nodule formation, as well as a reduction in the proportion of mineralized nodules, at concentrations between 10(-12) to 10(-7) M. The same conditions caused an increase in both cell proliferation and saturation density in the cultures, suggesting that decreased nodule formation was not the result of general cell toxicity. Inhibitory concentrations of EGF caused a reversible alteration in cell shape, although changes in protein synthesis were not detectable. Indomethacin (5 X 10(-7) M) did not affect either nodule formation or its inhibition by EGF. When cultures were pretreated for various time periods with 10(-8) M EGF followed by its removal and continued culture in supplemented medium for 21 days, the number of bone nodules formed with brief exposures to EGF (4 hr up to 48 hr) was increased compared to the numbers formed in supplemented medium alone, whereas exposures to EGF of 4 days or longer decreased the number of nodules formed. These data indicate that EGF can either increase or decrease the osteogenic potential of RC cells in vitro depending on the duration of exposure to the factor. PMID- 3502682 TI - Bone turnover in spinal osteoporosis. AB - We have investigated biochemical indices of bone formation and bone resorption: serum alkaline phosphatase (sAP) plasma bone Gla protein (pBGP), fasting urinary hydroxyproline corrected for creatinine (FuHP/Cr), and fasting urinary calcium corrected for creatinine (FuCa/Cr) in 43 postmenopausal women with spinal fractures. Furthermore, histomorphometric indices of bone resorption and bone formation, as well as whole body retention (WBR) of 99m-technetium-diphosphonate (99mTc-DP), were determined. The results are compared to pre- and postmenopausal normal subjects. The results showed that indices of bone formation were mutually correlated except for sAP vs. WBR. sAP, WBR, and pBGP increased with age. sAP and WBR were not different between osteoporotics and age-matched controls, while pBGP and probably histological indices of bone formation were lower in osteoporotics than in age-matched controls. pBGP--and to a lesser extent sAP--were significantly correlated with all histological parameters reflecting bone formation. Finally, biochemical indices of bone resorption were high in osteoporotic patients and poorly correlated with histological bone resorption. The discrepancy between biochemical markers of bone formation may be related to the low sensitivity of sAP and WBR. Conversely, pBGP, sAP, and WBR may reflect different aspects of osteoblastic activity and bone mineralization. Finally, our data suggest that bone turnover increases with aging and that osteoporotic patients have higher bone resorption and probably lower bone formation than age matched controls. PMID- 3502683 TI - Effects of 1 alpha,25- and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on aluminum-induced rickets in growing uremic rats. AB - Rats were subjected to a two-stage subtotal nephrectomy or sham operation, and treated with aluminum (Al) or both aluminum and vitamin D3 metabolites for 5 weeks with a cumulative dose of 13.6 mg aluminum. Animals were injected with 3H thymidine and 3H-proline. The following analyses were performed: quantitative histology of tibial metaphyses and cytomorphometric electron microscopy of osteoclasts, quantitative (ICP-spectroscopy) and qualitative determination (histochemical staining) of aluminum within organs, and serum biochemistry (Ca, P, Mg, vitamin D3 metabolites, alkaline phosphatase, urea). The following new facts of the aluminum-related bone disease became evident: (a) Application of aluminum to growing uremic rats induced rickets, whose major epiphyseal growth plate changes were 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-dependent. Addition of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 prevented the formation of rachitic metaphysis, but failed to prevent osteoid accumulation on epiphyseal and metaphyseal trabecular surfaces. Moreover, calcitriol produced hyperosteoidosis and osteosclerosis in the same rats. Aluminum did not alter the function of osteoblasts, while osteoclasts seemed inactivated. (b) The development of rickets was associated with suppressed serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, reduced phosphorus level and the high content of aluminum in the bone, kidney, and liver. The addition of 24R,25(OH)2D3 markedly exaggerated the reduction of serum levels of calcitriol. We suggested that aluminum induces rickets in growing uremic rats, which consists of two components: vitamin D refractory osteomalacia and 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-dependent epiphyseal growth plate changes. PMID- 3502684 TI - Interleukin-1 beta is a potent inhibitor of bone formation in vitro. AB - The effect of interleukin-1 beta, the major component of osteoclast-activating factor (OAF), on bone formation by fetal rat osteoblast-rich cells was investigated. An in vitro culture system developed by Ecarot-Charrier et al. (1983) and Bellows et al. (1986) was utilized in which osteoblasts form mineralized nodules which closely resemble woven bone. Continuous exposure of cultures to homogenous IL-1 beta resulted in potent inhibition of mineralized nodule formation, which was half maximal at 0.1 U/ml (7.5 X 10(-13) M). Bone formation may thus be considerably more sensitive to IL-1 beta than is bone resorption (half maximal at 3.8 X 10(-11) M). Inhibition of bone formation occurred when cultures were exposed to IL-1 beta at both early and late time periods and was unaffected by the presence of indomethacin or by the osteoclast inhibitors calcitonin and gamma-interferon. Instead, IL-1 beta exerted multiple inhibitory effects on osteoblast functions, including inhibition of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase expression, and cell replication. On a dose response basis, the inhibition of protein synthesis correlated most closely with inhibition of bone formation. IL-1 beta is clearly inhibitory rather than stimulatory for bone formation as assessed in this system and is therefore unlikely to function as a coupling factor linking the processes of bone resorption and bone formation. PMID- 3502685 TI - S. aureus-induced B cell proliferation as a model for studying the effectiveness of immunosuppressive agents. AB - S. aureus Cowan-induced proliferation of human T lymphocytes was used as a model for evaluating the activity of most common immunosuppressants (steroids, cyclosporine and azathioprine). Methylprednisolone was found to be the most efficient steroid, followed by hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. Cyclosporine (CsA) was a potent inhibitor acting early after B cell stimulation. Azathioprine was found to have low effect on B cell activation. PMID- 3502686 TI - The effects of Boicil on some immunocompetent cells. II. In vitro and in vivo modulation of the mouse cellular and humoral immune response. PMID- 3502687 TI - Microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity in human x mouse hybrid cells. AB - Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (E.C.3.3.2.3) activity has been measured in human x mouse hybrid cells prepared from human cells expressing 6-7 x the activity of the mouse cells. Rabbit antihuman and antimouse antisera raised against purified enzymes were used to discriminate between human and mouse enzymes. All twenty five clones examined did not express human enzyme and this correlated with the loss of human chromosome 6 from each cell line. Four hybrids expressed 2-3 x the activity expressed by the mouse cell parent and these all retained more human chromosomes, specifically chromosome 19, than those with low activity. It is concluded that the human gene for epoxide hydrolase may be on chromosome 6 and that other gene products can affect the level of activity expressed by a cell. PMID- 3502688 TI - Mapping of a gene for X-linked agammaglobulinemia and evidence for genetic heterogeneity. AB - X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a severe humoral immunodeficiency disease of man. The inheritance of the disease is X-linked recessive. Female carriers can not be distinguished by immunologic assays. We investigated the localization of the disease gene on the X chromosome, utilizing nine polymorphic X chromosomal markers. In a single eight generation pedigree we found close linkage of the disease gene to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) recognized by the DNA probe p19-2; the maximum lod score was 3.30 at a recombination fraction of 0.06. Addition of the lod scores for p19-2 obtained from seven other XLA pedigrees did not show the expected increase of the total score. This suggested genetic heterogeneity. We used the p19-2 marker as a reference point to search for pedigrees which had the disease gene at a different location. One pedigree provided a lod score of -3.14 at a recombination fraction of 0.06 with the p19-2 marker. We postulate that XLA is not a single genetic entity. PMID- 3502689 TI - Submicroscopic interstitial deletion of the X chromosome explains a complex genetic syndrome dominated by Norrie disease. AB - Norrie disease (ND), an X-linked recessive disorder, is characterized by congenital blindness followed by bulbar atrophy. We have examined a three generation family in which ND is part of a complex X-linked syndrome with severe mental retardation, hypogonadism, growth disturbances, and increased susceptibility to infections as additional features. This syndrome is apparently due to an interstitial deletion, as evidenced by the failure of the L1.28 DNA probe (DXS7 locus, Xp11.3) to detect complementary DNA sequences on the defective X chromosome of an affected male and of several obligatory heterozygotes. Attempts to further define this deletion with other DNA probes from the proximal short arm of the X chromosome or by prometaphase chromosome analysis were unsuccessful. PMID- 3502690 TI - Toward early diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy: construction and characterization of a somatic cell hybrid with a single human der(19) chromosome. AB - We have constructed a somatic cell hybrid line, designated 908K1, with a single human der(19) chromosome on a Chinese hamster background by employing conventional as well as microcell-mediated cell fusion techniques. The der(19) chromosome comprises the 19p13.1----q13.2 segment, as well as the distal (Xq24--- qter) portion of the X chromosome long arm, and is stably retained by HAT selection. Extensive characterization of this hybrid line and comparison with other somatic cell hybrids has enabled us to regionally assign PGK2 to the distal short arm of chromosome 19 and to narrow down the assignments of CYP1, TGFB, and ERCC1 on 19q. Moreover, a cosmid library has been constructed from this microcell hybrid. By screening this library, as well as a chromosome 19-enriched library obtained elsewhere, 14 single-copy probes have been isolated that map on the 19p13.1----q13.2 segment, and 5 probes were assigned to the distal Xq. It is anticipated that these probes will be useful for the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy and fra(X) mental retardation. PMID- 3502691 TI - DNA polymorphism at the apolipoprotein B locus is associated with lipoprotein level. AB - A strong association has been uncovered between DNA variation at the apolipoprotein B (apoB) locus (detectable with the restriction endonuclease XbaI) and apoB level. The findings are suggestive of associations also between this DNA polymorphism and total cholesterol as well as fasting triglyceride levels, confirming recent results reported by British workers. The data suggest that lipid/apolipoprotein associations with the XbaI polymorphism are primarily caused by an effect on apoB level. In the present and in a previously reported study we found a strong association between the XbaI polymorphism and the homospecific Ag antigenic variation in low density lipoprotein (LDL) which had previously exhibited associations with lipid levels. The present data indicate that the apoB/lipid associations of the Ag and XbaI polymorphisms may reflect the same phenomenon. The associations reported could reflect variation in an apoB domain close to Ag as well as to the XbaI restriction site that is of importance for lipid binding by apoB. Alternatively, the association of apoB level with the XbaI polymorphism (which reflects a silent third base mutation in a threonine codon) could reflect phenomena related to codon usage. PMID- 3502692 TI - "Unclassifiable" weak A blood group and deficient H phenotype (Hm) in one pedigree. Variants of A and H types in a family. AB - A new variant of blood group A [A(WAS)] was expressed in three generations of a Caucasian family: Phenotype included weak mixed field hemagglutination by anti-A reagents, secretion of H substance, and presence of anti-A1 in serum. The A(WAS) variant was inherited in a Mendelian fashion, dominant to O. A-transferase activity was absent from cells and saliva but was 0.2% of normal A1 transferase activity in serum, with a pH optimum of 6.0. Family members expressing A(WAS) also demonstrated partly deficient H type on cells (Hm). H-transferase activity in serum was normal for a weak A subgroup and showed typical Km and acceptor specificities. Linkage of H-modifier and ABO loci cannot be excluded. PMID- 3502694 TI - Langer-Giedion syndrome with del 8 (q24.13-q24.22). AB - An 8-year-old boy with the features of Langer-Giedion syndrome except for short stature is described. Chromosome analysis using high resolution G-banding techniques revealed an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 8:46,XY,del(8)(q24.13-q24.22). PMID- 3502693 TI - De novo t(2;13)(p24.3;q14.2) and retinoblastoma. Mapping of two 13q14 probes by in situ hybridization. AB - The two probes H3-8 and H2-42, known to be located in 13q14, were mapped by in situ hybridization to either side of the 13 breakpoint of an apparently balanced de novo t(2;13)(p24.3;q14.2) detected in a patient with retinoblastoma as the only phenotypic manifestation. PMID- 3502695 TI - Proximal duplication of the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q11.2----10q22): a distinct clinical entity. AB - This report summarizes the clinical and cytogenetic findings in a 16-year-old moderately mentally retarded girl with 10q11.2----10q22 duplication. The phenotypic findings are identical to those found in one other patient with the same autosomal duplication. These data suggest that proximal 10q11.2-10q22 duplication is associated with a specific clinically recognizable syndrome. PMID- 3502697 TI - Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 3502696 TI - De novo complex autosomal translocation involving chromosomes 8, 13 and 15 in a girl with a sporadic retinoblastoma. AB - We report a case of a 5-month-old female with sporadic monolateral retinoblastoma (RB) with a constitutional de novo complex autosomal translocation involving chromosomes 8, 13 and 15 resulting in a deletion of chromosome 13q14 confirmed by esterase D assay. The translocation of the terminal portion of chromosome 8 has been observed by in situ hybridization with c-myc and thyroglobulin probes. PMID- 3502698 TI - Recombination between the X and Y chromosomes: implications for the relationship between MIC2, XG and YG. AB - Three loci affect the levels of expression of the 12E7 antigen on red blood cells: MIC2, the pseudoautosomal structural gene for the 12E7 antigen; XG, an X linked red cell blood group locus and YG, a polymorphic Y-linked locus. In this report we describe recombination between XG and MIC2 and an exchange between the X and Y chromosomes which included YG. These results have prompted us to propose a new model describing the genetic relationship between the XGa and 12E7 antigens. PMID- 3502699 TI - Delineation of human prometaphase paracentromeric regions using sequential GTG- and C-banding. AB - The centromeric-paracentromeric regions of high-resolution human chromosomes have not been examined in detail. It is not clear which bands in the paracentromeric regions are included within the heterochromatin and are therefore not clinically meaningful, and which bands are excluded. This makes breakpoint analysis in these regions difficult. Using sequential G- and C-banding of high-resolution chromosome preparations from four clinically normal subjects and from one patient with a very small interstitial deletion of the chromosome 16 long arm, we have made a detailed analysis of the centromeric-paracentromeric regions of each chromosome and of the entire Y chromosome at the 400, 550, and 800-850 band stages. We present here the results of analysis of preparations at the 800-850 band stage. PMID- 3502700 TI - Nature of recombination involved in excision and rearrangement of human repetitive DNA. AB - An alphoid-like human repetitive DNA of the Sau3A family is present extrachromosomally and in the chromosomes. In the chromosomes, the DNA is located on chromosome 11 but related sequences are present in chromosome 17. We characterized the nature of the recombination involved in the excision of the extrachromosomal DNA from chromosome 11. The results show that the recombination occurs both between the homologous subunits and between the heterologous subunits with only a 70 to 80% sequence homology among them, suggesting that a DNA structure other than a sequence homology mediates the recombination process. The same type of recombination is responsible for the rearrangement of the related sequences in chromosome 17. PMID- 3502701 TI - Multipoint genetic mapping of the Xq26-q28 region in families with fragile X mental retardation and in normal families reveals tight linkage of markers in q26 q27. AB - The q26-q28 region of the human X chromosome contains several important disease loci, including the locus for the fragile X mental retardation syndrome. We have characterized new polymorphic DNA markers useful for the genetic mapping of this region. They include a new Bell restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detected by the probe St14-1 (DXS52) and which may therefore be of diagnostic use in hemophilia A families. A linkage analysis was performed in fragile X families and in large normal families from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) by using seven polymorphic loci located in Xq26-q28. This multipoint linkage study allowed us to establish the order centromere-DXS100-DXS86-DXS144 DXS51-F9-FRAX+ ++-(DXS52-DXS15). Together with other studies, our results define a cluster of nine loci that are located in Xq26-q27 and map within a 10 to 15 centimorgan region. This contrasts with the paucity of markers (other than the fragile X locus) between the F9 gene in q27 and the G6PD cluster in q28, which are separated by about 30% recombination. PMID- 3502702 TI - Evolution of homologous sequences on the human X and Y chromosomes, outside of the meiotic pairing segment. AB - A sequence isolated from the long arm of the human Y chromosome detects a highly homologous locus on the X. This homology extends over at least 50 kb of DNA and is postulated to be the result of a transposition event between the X and Y chromosomes during recent human evolution, since homologous sequences are shown to be present on the X chromosome alone in the chimpanzee and gorilla. PMID- 3502704 TI - Isolation of a rat liver delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALAD) cDNA clone: evidence for unequal ALAD gene dosage among inbred mouse strains. AB - We have isolated several cDNA clones encoding delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase [ALAD; porphobilinogen synthase; 5-aminolevulinate hydro-lyase (adding 5 aminolevulinate and cyclizing), EC 4.2.1.24], the second enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. We used a rabbit polyclonal antibody developed against the purified 35-kDa subunit of rat liver ALAD to screen a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library constructed from rat liver mRNA. A prototype clone (ALAD-1) contained a 680-base-pair insert and expressed a 140-kDa beta-galactosidase gene cDNA insert fusion protein immunoreactive with both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-ALAD. Identity of ALAD-1 was verified by hydridization to ALAD mRNA that had been enriched via immunopurification of rat liver polysomes with anti-ALAD. Intensity of such hybridization to a 1500-nucleotide-long mRNA was approximately equal to 200-fold greater than that realized with whole liver mRNA, a result consistent with the degree of immunoenrichment of ALAD mRNA found independently by analysis of cell-free translation products. A second ALAD cDNA clone (ALAD-3) was isolated when the rat liver cDNA expression library was rescreened with ALAD-1. The identity of both ALAD cDNA clones was established by correspondence between their nucleotide sequence and the reported amino-terminal protein sequence of bovine ALAD. Hybridization of ALAD cDNA to mouse genomic DNA indicates that the previously unexplained incremental differences in ALAD enzymatic activity among inbred mouse strains has arisen through alterations in ALAD gene dose. PMID- 3502705 TI - T cell receptor beta gene sequences in the circular DNA of thymocyte nuclei: direct evidence for intramolecular DNA deletion in V-D-J joining. AB - We have identified circular DNA containing T cell receptor (TCR) beta gene sequences in mouse thymocytes, thereby providing direct evidence for the intramolecular DNA deletion model of V-D-J joining in TCR beta genes. Two types of excision products of V-D-J joining have been identified. Type I, a circular reciprocal recombinant of normal V-D or D-J joining, contains a 7mer-7mer head-to head structure expected from an excised product of normal V-D or D-J joining. Type II contains a D beta 2-J beta 1 structure on the circular DNA; the recombination event producing this molecule occurs between an upstream J and a downstream D segment, probably leaving the reciprocal 7mer-7mer structure on the chromosome. Some type I molecules seem to represent excision products of secondary joining after formation of the first D-J or V-D-J structure. The recombination mechanism that generates the circular DNA is discussed. PMID- 3502703 TI - DNA sequence of the lymphotropic variant of minute virus of mice, MVM(i), and comparison with the DNA sequence of the fibrotropic prototype strain. AB - The sequence of molecular clones of the genome of MVM(i), a lymphotropic variant of minute virus of mice, was determined and compared with that of MVM(p), the fibrotropic prototype strain. At the nucleotide level there are 163 base changes: 129 transitions and 34 transversions. Most nucleotide changes are silent, with only 27 amino acids changes predicted, of which 22 are conservative. Notable differences between the MVM(i) and MVM(p) genomes which may account for the cell specificities of these viruses occur within the 3' nontranslated regions. The differences discussed include the absence of a 65-base-pair direct in MVM(i), the presence of only two polyadenylation sites in MVM(i) compared with four in MVM(p), and sequences that bear a resemblance to enhancer sequences. Also included in this paper is an important correction to the MVM(p) sequence (C.R. Astell, M. Thomson, M. Merchlinsky, and D. C. Ward, Nucleic Acids Res. 11:999 1018, 1983). PMID- 3502707 TI - Evidence that the packaging signal of Moloney murine leukemia virus extends into the gag region. AB - Replication-competent retroviruses can be modified to carry nonviral genes. Such gene transfer vectors help define regions of the retroviral genome that are required in cis for retroviral replication. Moloney murine leukemia virus has been used extensively in vector construction, and all of the internal protein encoding regions can be removed and replaced with other genes while still allowing production of virions containing and transmitting the altered retroviral genome. However, inclusion of a portion of the gag region from Moloney murine leukemia virus markedly increases the titer of virus derived from these vectors. We determined that this effect was due to more efficient packaging of the vector RNA into particles and did not depend on protein synthesis from the gag region. We conclude that the retrovirus packaging signal extends into the gag region. We have found that retroviral vectors containing the complete packaging signal allow more efficient gene transfer into a variety of cell types. In addition, these results may help explain why many oncogenic retroviruses have retained gag sequences and often express transforming proteins that are gag-onc hybrids. PMID- 3502706 TI - Tissue-specific expression of cell-surface Qa-2 antigen from a transfected Q7b gene of C57BL/10 mice. AB - We screened a cDNA library prepared from a BALB.B10 CTL clone that expresses Qa-2 antigen, and isolated four clones derived from Q7b, a Qa region gene of C57BL/10. One of these Q7b cDNAs and the Q7b chromosomal gene were subcloned into expression vectors and transfected into L cells and R1.1 thymoma cells. We found that the chromosomal Q7b gene expresses Qa-2 on the surface of R1.1 cells, but not on L cells while the Q7b cDNA expresses protein on the surface of both cell types. The levels of Qa-2 expression do not correlate with the total levels of Q7b mRNA in these transfectants. Our results suggest that the tissue-specific expression of Qa-2 may be controlled, in part, by mechanisms of alternate RNA splicing. By using hybrid gene constructs, we have mapped the tissue-specific element to the 3' part of the gene, downstream of a site near the middle of exon 4. The hybrid polypeptides differ significantly in their transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. These portions of the protein also may play a role in the tissue-specific expression of Qa-2. PMID- 3502708 TI - A human and a plant intron-containing tRNATyr gene are both transcribed in a HeLa cell extract but spliced along different pathways. AB - tRNA splicing enzymes had been identified in mammalian and plant cells long before homologous intron-containing tRNA genes were detected. The tRNATyr gene presented here is the first intron-containing, human tRNA gene for which transcription and pre-tRNA maturation has been studied in a homologous system. This gene is disrupted by a 20-bp long intron and encodes one of the two major human tRNAsTyr which have been purified and sequenced. A tRNATyr gene recently isolated from Nicotiana also contains an intron and codes for a functional, major cytoplasmic tRNATyr. Both tRNA genes are efficiently transcribed in a HeLa cell nuclear extract. Each of them produces two independent primary transcripts because of two initiation and termination sites, respectively. The maturation of the tRNATyr precursors proceeds along different pathways. The intervening sequence of the human pre-tRNATyr is excised first, followed by ligation of the tRNA halves and maturation of the flanks, as has been shown for all intron containing tRNA genes transcribed in HeLa extract. The order of maturation steps is reversed for the plant pre-tRNATyr: processing of the flanking sequences precedes intron excision. This maturation pathway corresponds to that observed in vivo for tRNA biosynthesis in Xenopus oocytes and yeast. PMID- 3502709 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the methyl coenzyme M reductase gene cluster from Methanosarcina barkeri. PMID- 3502710 TI - Structural and transcriptional analysis of DNA sequences flanking genes that encode 19 kilodalton zeins. AB - The nucleotide sequence of gz19ab11, a clone that corresponds to the coding and flanking sequences of an Mr 19,000 alpha zein, was determined. Comparison of the DNA sequences flanking this gene with those of other members of the gene subfamily showed that sequence conservation extends 820 nucleotides into the 5' flanking region and 130 nucleotides into the 3' flanking region. Southern blot analysis of maize DNA indicated that highly repetitive sequences are located within 950 bp 5' and 300 bp 3' to the protein coding region of these genes. The coding region of gz19ab11 is similar to but not identical with cDNA clones corresponding to Mr 19,000 zeins, and analysis of zein transcripts indicated that this gene is expressed exclusively in endosperm tissue. RNAs which correspond to transcripts originating 60 nucleotides, and more than 800 nucleotides, upstream of the initiation codon were detected for this and a related gene. However, the concentration of the large RNA species was several orders of magnitude less than that of the shorter RNAs. The functional significance of these large RNA transcripts in zein gene expression is unclear. PMID- 3502711 TI - Sequence analysis of elastin cDNA from chick aorta and tissue-specific transcription of the elastin gene in developing chick embryo. AB - A portion of elastin cDNA with a size of 1.5 kilobase pairs (kb) was cloned from chick aorta. Sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA consists of 0.9 kb of coding region and 0.6 kb of 3'-untranslatable region. The primary structure of the peptide deduced from the coding sequence exhibited a strong homology with the published data from sheep and bovine elastin cDNA. The abundance of elastin mRNA in the aorta and skin was studied in developing chick embryo by Northern analysis using the cDNA as a probe. The elastin mRNA level in the aorta gradually decreased in the late half of development, while the elastin mRNA level in the skin was dramatically elevated between the 18th and 21st days. These results strongly suggest that the transcription of the elastin gene was controlled specifically in the respective organ during development. PMID- 3502712 TI - Localization of the in vivo and in vitro transcription initiation site and comparative analysis of the flanking sequences in the two main size classes of Ascaris lumbricoides rDNA. AB - An accurate in vitro transcription system which utilizes the cloned 8.8 and 8.4 kb size classes of Ascaris rRNA genes (pAlr8 and pAlr13) and two kinds of cellular extracts from Ascaris oogonia has been established. Both rDNA containing plasmids are efficiently transcribed in vitro by RNA polymerase I from a unique site of rDNA which corresponds to the in vivo initiation site. The in vitro transcription product has a triphosphorylated 5'-end and starts on a G localized 414 bp (pAlr8) upstream of the beginning of the mature 18S rRNA. The promoter region has been delimited by testing the in vitro template activity of a series of restriction fragments. The region essential for the accuracy of initiation is contained within nucleotides -72 to +65, but full efficiency of transcription requires the additional presence of the region from nucleotides +66 to +84. The sequences upstream from position -72 do not appear to modulate the efficiency of specific in vitro initiation. Furthermore, the sequences flanking the transcription initiation site from position -1500 to +570 have been determined in the two cloned representatives of the two rDNA main size classes. PMID- 3502713 TI - Diversity and structure of human T-cell receptor alpha-chain variable region genes. AB - The nucleotide sequences of 27 T-cell receptor alpha-chain variable region (V alpha)-containing cDNA clones isolated from a cDNA library derived from human peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined. Eighteen different V alpha and 26 different joining (J alpha) gene segments are utilized in these clones. The V alpha gene segments belong to 12 different subfamilies, each containing from one to seven members. Comparisons with the 16 different V alpha and 21 different J alpha sequences previously reported suggest that the germ-line repertoires for these gene segments are greater than previously estimated. Flexibility in the sites of gene segment joining and possibly N-region diversification also contribute to human alpha-chain diversity. Comparisons of human V alpha regions indicate a high degree of variability spread uniformly across the entire V alpha region without obvious hypervariable regions. However, amino acids important for the maintenance of V gene structure are conserved. PMID- 3502714 TI - Heterogeneity of neuraminidase genetic information in an H1N2 reassortant influenza virus [X-7 (F1)]. Brief report. AB - cDNA clones of the neuraminidase gene from the reassortant influenza virus X-7 (F 1) have different sequences. Some clones are more closely related to A/Tokyo/67 neuraminidase than to the A/RI/5+/57 NA gene from which the NA of X-7 (F 1) was derived. PMID- 3502715 TI - Androgen regulated expression of a spermine binding protein gene in mouse ventral prostate. AB - A full length cDNA (MP25) encoding the major mouse prostatic secretory glycoprotein (p25), whose expression is androgen dependent, has been cloned and characterised. Steady-state levels of mRNA are decreased approximately 100-fold after 3 days castration but are restored progressively over 4 days with testosterone treatment. The secreted glycoprotein appears to be a spermine binding protein since the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of MP25 shares extensive homology with a spermine binding protein (SBP) found in rat ventral prostate. Genomic clones indicate that there is a single gene for SBP which consists of 4 exons, the first of which is only 11bp in length. The second exon encodes the signal peptide, the third contains a portion of the spermine binding protein unique to the mouse and the largest exon encodes the bulk of the secreted protein. PMID- 3502716 TI - Occurrence of unmodified adenine and uracil at the first position of anticodon in threonine tRNAs in Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - Codon usage pattern in the threonine four-codon (ACN) box in Mycoplasma capricolum is strongly biased towards adenine and uracil for the third base of codons. Codons ending in uracil or adenine, especially ACU, predominate over ACC and ACG. This bacterium contains two isoacceptor threonine tRNAs having anticodon sequences AGU and UGU, both with unmodified first nucleotides. It would thus appear that ACN codons are translated in an unusual way; tRNA(Thr)(AGU) would translate the most abundantly used codon ACU exclusively, because adenine at the first anticodon position can, according to the wobble rule, pair only with uracil of the third codon position. The tRNA(Thr)(UGU) would mainly be responsible for translation of three other codons, ACA, ACG, and ACC. Anticodon UGU would also be used for reading codon ACU as a redundancy of tRNA(Thr)-(AGU), as deduced from the mitochondrial code where unmodified uracil at the first anticodon position can pair with adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil by four-way wobble. The tRNA(Thr)(AGU) has much higher sequence homology to tRNA(Thr)(UGU) from M. capricolum (88%), Bacillus subtilis (77%) and Escherichia coli (86%) than to tRNA(Thr)(GGU) from B. subtilis (66%) and E. coli (63%), suggesting that tRNA(Thr)-(AGU) has been derived from tRNA(Thr)(UGU), but not from tRNA(Thr)(GGU). PMID- 3502717 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the streptolysin O (SLO) gene: structural homologies between SLO and other membrane-damaging, thiol-activated toxins. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned streptolysin O (SLO) gene and the amino acid sequence of SLO, predicted from the DNA sequence, are reported. SLO contains a single cysteine residue located close to the C terminus of the molecule and shares extensive structural homologies with other thiol-activated toxins, which allow us to predict functionally important features. PMID- 3502719 TI - [Primary structure of the 5S rRNA gene and its flanking sequences in diploid Aegilops tauschii Coss]. AB - In genome of diploid aegilops A. tauschii (k773) two types of sequences 420 and 510 b. p. long which hybridize with 5S[32P]rRNA were discovered. Using the plasmid pBR327 the recombinant plasmids pAt5S79 and pAt5S91 containing 5S DNA repeats of Ae. tauschii were constructed. The primary structure of 5S rRNA gene and that of intergene spacer cloned in pAt5S79 was determined. In gene region of Ae. tauschii coding for 5S rRNA, as compared with T. aestivum, there were found 3 base substitutions in positions 24, 36 and 37. The homology of spacer sequences is 79.1%. In 5S rRNA gene of Ae. tauschii GC-content is 53.3%, but in a spacer- 48.1%. The terminator of transcription in Ae. tauschii includes 15 AT-base pairs with predomination of T-bases in uncoding chain. PMID- 3502718 TI - Identification of Leishmania genes encoding proteins containing tandemly repeating peptides. AB - A genomic Leishmania major DNA expression library was screened using antibodies raised against L. major membranes. Two different clones were identified that encoded proteins containing regions of tandemly repeated peptides. Clone 20 encodes a repetitive peptide of 14 amino acids, while clone 39 encodes a repetitive peptide of 10 amino acids. DNA from clone 20 hybridized with two RNA species of 9,500 and 5,200 nucleotides in length, while DNA from clone 39 hybridized to a single RNA species of 7,500 nucleotides. Antibodies against clone 20 fusion protein recognized a series of L. major proteins of apparent mol wt 250,000. Regions of repetitive peptides is a characteristic shared by many malarial protein antigens and this feature has been implicated in immune evasion. Intracellular parasites such as Leishmania and Plasmodia, therefore, may have evolved similar mechanisms consisting of the expression of proteins containing tandemly repeating peptides that are involved in immune evasion. PMID- 3502721 TI - Sequence of the mouse glandular kallikrein gene, mGK-5. PMID- 3502720 TI - cDNA cloning and chromosomal localization (4q11-13) of a gene for statherin, a regulator of calcium in saliva. AB - On the basis of the known amino acid sequence of statherin, a human salivary protein, mixed synthetic oligonucleotides were synthesized and used to screen a cDNA library constructed from human parotid-gland mRNA. A cDNA clone coding for statherin was isolated from this library and has been completely sequenced. The cDNA represents a full-length (or nearly full-length) copy of an approximately 640-bp statherin mRNA. Statherin appears to be coded by a single-copy gene that maps to chromosome 4q11-4q13 when somatic-cell hybrids are used. PMID- 3502722 TI - Genetic system of chloroplasts. PMID- 3502723 TI - Opinions on drug testing. PMID- 3502724 TI - Quality of care: a non-negotiable item. PMID- 3502726 TI - Drug testing--how well is it working? PMID- 3502725 TI - Examining the physical side of stress. PMID- 3502728 TI - The spirit of caring ... foster parenting. PMID- 3502727 TI - Drug testing--the legalities, the ethics, the costs. PMID- 3502729 TI - Assessing quality care in nursing homes. PMID- 3502730 TI - Orbital trauma, Part 2. PMID- 3502731 TI - Volkmann's ischemic contractures and blowout fractures. AB - Volkmann's ischemic contractures have long been recognized by orthopedic surgeons as a sequela of increased pressure within osseofascial muscle compartments. We present evidence that the same mechanism is a cause of fibrosis and contracture of extraocular muscles following orbital blowout fractures. Surgical treatment of a specific, recognizable type of blowout fracture is proposed. PMID- 3502732 TI - Ocular motility disturbances following trauma. AB - Disturbances of ocular motility following trauma are manifested by diplopia and faulty ocular rotations which frequently require an abnormal head position for fusion. Motility imbalance may occur following injury to the eye alone, to the eye and associated extraocular muscles, and to the orbital walls, and also following closed head trauma. The clinical findings early following injury may be very different from the clinical picture several months following injury. The diagnosis of abnormal motility includes the use of forced ductions, saccadic velocity recording, active force generation, measurements of deviations of the eyes in the cardinal positions of gaze as well as the use of computed tomography (CT scan) and ultrasonic techniques. The presence of slipped or lost muscles must be diagnosed, and evaluation of restricted rotations and paretic muscles is essential. The treatment of motility disturbance includes relief of restricted rotations by lysis of adhesions and lengthening or recessing appropriate muscles as well as strengthening underacting muscles by resection and/or advancement. In cases of severe trauma one must not overlook injury to the eye itself in addition to the motility disturbance. PMID- 3502733 TI - Management of traumatic ptosis. AB - The management of traumatic ptosis is dependent on its etiology, interval between occurrence and examination, degree of ptosis, and levator function. The surgical approach and timing of intervention varies with each case and provides a challenge to the oculoplastic surgeon. We discuss our approach to the management of traumatic ptosis. Secondary surgery may be necessary to repair over- or undercorrection. PMID- 3502735 TI - Treatment of periorbital burns. AB - Periorbital burns require special care as compared with burns of other parts of the body. Not only is one interested in the healing and repair of the burned structures, but also in safeguarding and maintaining the function of the underlying eye. PMID- 3502734 TI - Treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas with detachable balloon catheter occlusion. AB - Intravascular occlusion of traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas, originally performed under direct visualization with fascia and/or muscle, has evolved into the use of catheters with pressure-sensitive detachable balloons that can be deflated and repositioned prior to final inflation and separation from the catheter. The balloon is filled with contrast material and can be identified with follow-up x-rays. Proptosis is often relieved immediately after this treatment. Detailed pre- and posttreatment ophthalmic evaluations of three consecutive patients with carotid-cavernous fistulas successfully treated with detachable balloon occlusion with a minimum 1-year follow-up are presented. Indications and timing of treatment are discussed. Following blunt head trauma, these patients presented with proptosis, decreased vision, orbital bruit, conjunctival chemosis, diplopia, orbital pain, ocular pulsations and diplopia; they often complained of "a ringing" in the ear on the involved side. PMID- 3502736 TI - Orbital and periorbital dog bites. AB - Although periorbital and orbital dog bites are rare, they most frequently occur in young children and commonly involve significant associated adnexal injuries. In most cases, the dog is either the family pet or is otherwise known to the victim. The exact precipitating event is usually unknown. Most victims are treated by a physician soon after injury, and can be reconstructed primarily following meticulous local wound care, including adequate irrigation. Infection is rare, but because of its potentially disastrous consequences, prophylactic treatment with penicillinase-resistant penicillin or cephalosporin seems indicated. Serious, potentially fatal consequences due to underlying intracranial injury in children under aged 2 years, fatal septicemia in splenectomized individuals, tetanus, and rabies must be considered by ophthalmologists who treat such patients. PMID- 3502737 TI - Gunshot wounds of the orbit. AB - Five cases of ocular firearm injuries are presented. A physical analysis of the gunshot wound characteristics, with representative examples, is highlighted. The important early and late complications are completely discussed. Appropriate management sequence, including complete evaluation, diagnostic testing, and surgical intervention, is outlined and discussed. PMID- 3502738 TI - Penetrating orbital injuries. AB - Seemingly trivial adnexal injuries may be associated with extensive injuries to the globe, orbit, and brain. A meticulous ophthalmologic examination and orbital and brain computed tomography (CT) scans (axial and coronal views) are essential for complete evaluation of these patients. The ophthalmologist must remain an active participant in the management of these patients to preserve the integrity of the globe. PMID- 3502739 TI - Penetrating injuries to the orbit. AB - Although penetrating orbital wounds are an uncommon entity they are often associated with vision and life-threatening complications. By careful attention to the history and physical signs of the injured patient and the use of modern computed tomography (CT) scan imaging, the physician will be better able to make an accurate analysis and prognosis of the problem at hand as well as a well planned therapeutic approach. PMID- 3502740 TI - Sympathetic ophthalmia. AB - Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral diffuse granulomatous panuveitis occurring after accidental or surgical penetrating injury to one eye. Onset of sympathetic ophthalmia may occur as early as 5 days or as late as 42 years following the injury. PMID- 3502741 TI - Evisceration techniques. AB - Evisceration is the removal of the intraocular contents of the globe. I favor evisceration with retention of the cornea when at all possible. Surgical techniques for evisceration with and without keratectomy are discussed. A promising new implant material, hydroxyapatite, is described. The outstanding advantage of this material is its transformation into "living tissue." Although extremely rare, evisceration can be associated with postoperative sympathetic ophthalmia in the remaining eye. PMID- 3502742 TI - Enucleation--the hunt for verisimilitude. PMID- 3502743 TI - Enucleation techniques: the Iowa implant. AB - The Iowa implant is a quasi-integrated implant with four mounds on its anterior surface. The rectus muscles are imbricated between the mounds, resulting in a socket with four protrusions that articulate with a custom-fitted prosthesis having four concavities. This imparts excellent motility and support for the prosthesis. This article describes the indications for enucleation, the Iowa implant, surgical technique, and postoperative complications. PMID- 3502744 TI - Naso-orbital fractures: management and complications. AB - The term naso-orbital fracture refers to the backward displacement of the nasal bones into the interorbital space. The fracture is most commonly the result of traumatic contact with the dashboard in automobile accidents. The trauma results in soft tissue eyelid deformities, which may also involve nasolacrimal disruption and life-threatening intracranial injury. Early management consists of closed reduction of the nasal fracture when feasible. Late management, which is more common, consists of transnasal wiring, restoration of the nasolacrimal apparatus, and contouring of the nasal bones. PMID- 3502745 TI - Traumatized globes: evisceration vs enucleation vs nonsurgical camouflage. PMID- 3502746 TI - Management of orbital-cranial trauma. AB - Orbital-cranial injuries have the greatest potential for death and disability of any condition treated by the ophthalmologist. An object that penetrates through the orbit into the brain may leave only a small entrance wound. Patients can have normal vision, neurologic exam, and plain x-rays despite trauma that may lead to meningitis, brain abscess, or pneumocephalus. The CT scan greatly aids in both the early and late management of blunt and penetrating orbital-cranial trauma. The detection of pneumocephalus may be the only clue that intracranial penetration has occurred. Blunt trauma can cause vision loss, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and intracranial injury. Management of orbital-cranial trauma frequently requires a team approach by the ophthalmologist and neurosurgeon due to the complexity of these injuries. PMID- 3502747 TI - Canthal fixation with a stainless steel screw: a report of ten patients. AB - During a period of six years (1981-1987) we have used the Nelson stainless steel screw for fixation of the medial canthal tissues to the medial orbital wall in nine patients and in the lateral wall in one. No complications have occurred in any of the patients, and we endorse its use. PMID- 3502748 TI - Complicated orbital fractures. AB - A method for the clinical evaluation of patients with orbital and midfacial fractures is presented. Pertinent anatomic relations, classification of fractures, and significant associated injuries are reviewed. Principles of treatment are offered. PMID- 3502749 TI - Complications of orbital trauma surgery. AB - This article considers the complications of orbital trauma surgery. In addition, ocular as well as nonocular complications of orbital trauma are outlined. Knowledge of the workup of specific types of orbital fractures will help prevent common sequelae of unrecognized orbital fractures: (a) orbital contour abnormalities, and (b) late enophthalmos. Complications of orbital fracture repair that relate directly to the alloplastic implant include (a) orbital cellulitis due to an infected implant, (b) anterior extrusion of the implant, (c) compression of the optic nerve by the implant, (d) dacryocystitis due to obstruction of the lacrimal sac by the implant, and (e) late proptosis due to hemorrhage into the fibrous capsule that surrounds the implant. Surgical techniques that minimize such complications are emphasized. PMID- 3502750 TI - Type A behaviour, borderline hyperventilation and psychological, psychosomatic and neuroendocrine responses to mental task load. AB - Psychological, psychosomatic and neuroendocrine (in blood) responses to mental task load were investigated in relation to Type A behaviour and borderline hyperventilation. For this purpose 32 apparently healthy, male volunteers were classified on the basis of their scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and on a questionnaire assessing hyperventilation related symptoms (HRS). The subjects performed a memory search task in which a monetary bonus could be won or lost. At rest higher HRS scores were related to increased acute psychosomatic symptom scores and higher JAS scores to higher prolactin levels. Task performance caused an increase of state anxiety, acute psychosomatic symptoms, adrenaline and cortisol, whereas prolactin decreased. Higher JAS scores were related to greater cortisol responses and higher HRS scores to smaller adrenaline responses. PMID- 3502751 TI - The effects of selective inattention upon the electrodermal orienting reflex: a test of information-processing theory. AB - Information-processing theories of the orienting reflex (OR) predict that disruptions of attention which impede the registration of a stimulus in memory should retard habituation of the OR. Studies examining effects of selective inattention upon rate of habituation of skin conductance responses (SCRs) to concurrently presented stimuli have yielded inconsistent results. We employed a dichotic vigilance task calling for selective attention to either male-voice or female-voice words. Comparisons between previously attended versus nonattended stimuli were subsequently conducted for habituation of SCR, as well as for a direct measure of recognition memory. Although there were unequivocal differences in long-term memory between attended and non-attended material, there was no clear evidence for corresponding differences in either initial magnitude or rate of habituation of SCR. These data, which replicated results from an earlier study, failed to demonstrate an effect of memory on the OR as predicted by information-processing theories. PMID- 3502752 TI - Self-report and cardiovascular measures of arousal: fractionation during residual arousal. AB - Residual arousal has been conceptualized as a state of physiological activation that is amenable to misattribution-like processes because individuals are unaware of their aroused physiological state (Zillmann, 1978). Although there is considerable evidence showing that people in the state labeled "residual arousal" rate excitatory stimuli in a more polarized fashion (see review by Zillmann, 1983), the available evidence for the notion that residual arousal is imperceptible can alternatively be interpreted as evidence of an inability to discriminate the cause of the residual arousal. To determine the nature of the cognitive representation of residual arousal (and, hence, whether excitation transfer is likely to be a nonconscious rather than conscious misattributional process), cardiac activity and reported arousal were tracked before, during, and following exercise. Results replicated previous research showing that exercise induced cardiac activity remained significantly elevated when subjects ceased to report feeling aroused due to the exercise. These findings were extended through the joint use of magnitude estimation and psychophysiological procedures to index what level of exercise-induced bodily activation was reportable. Results indicated that residual arousal is unperceived rather than perceived and mistaken as to its cause. Implications of the present research range from theories of arousal and of misattribution to the effects of stress-related variations in cardiac performance on cardiac detection. PMID- 3502753 TI - Sleep and performance in young adults and older normals and insomniacs during acute sleep loss and recovery. AB - Many changes occur in sleep as a function of aging, but it is not known whether these changes result in sleep being less restorative. To examine the sleep restorative process, groups of 12 normal young adults and 12 normal and 12 insomniac male subjects, age 55-71, were totally sleep deprived for 64 hours and then allowed recovery sleep. Response speed, immediate recall, sleepiness, and body temperature were tested at approximately 2300, 0115, 0330, 0530 and 0800 during baseline, sleep loss, and recovery nights. Significant group (age or insomnia) by sleep loss condition interactions were found for reaction time and immediate recall performance measures. Similar significant interactions were found for oral temperature and all EEG sleep variables except total time in bed, percent stage 1, and percent REM. It was concluded that performance recovery following sleep loss was no slower in older subjects than in younger subjects despite very different recovery sleep stage parameters. This implied that aging effects on sleep are developmental rather than degenerative. PMID- 3502754 TI - Sentence verification and event-related brain potentials. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine whether the decision process affected scalp recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs). ERPs were recorded while 10 subjects evaluated the veracity of four types of Japanese sentences; true affirmative (TA), true-negative (TN), false-affirmative (FA), and false-negative (FN). Each sentence was presented visually, one word at a time in the following order: Subject (S); object (O); and verb (V). This order of words, which is normal in Japanese grammar, allowed the ERP waveforms associated with semantic mismatch between the S and O occurring in the middle of the sentence to be separated from those elicited by the decision concerning the sentence's truth or falsity occurring at the end of the sentence. Semantic mismatch was associated with a negative component (N310) following the O-word. In addition, P3s were elicited by sentence final words. Affirmative sentences elicited larger P3s than did negative sentences, and true sentences elicited earlier P3s than did false sentences. P3s were smaller in amplitude when they followed a mismatch between the S and O words. The result suggested that by using Japanese sentences, it may be possible to examine sentence-level rather than word-level processes. PMID- 3502755 TI - Sixth International Congress of Biorheology. Symposium on Cellular and Molecular Basis of Mucus Rheology. Vancouver, B.C. PMID- 3502756 TI - Rheological properties controlling mucociliary frequency and respiratory mucus transport. AB - Respiratory mucus and mucosa possess highly hydrophilic structures which are difficult to preserve using standard fixative methods. The close interaction between cilia and mucus can be observed after instantaneously interrupting the ciliary movement using ultra rapid and cryosubstitution fixation methods. Mucus possess several rheological properties such as pseudoplasticity, elastothixotropy, spinability and adhesiveness. Rheological properties of mucus may control, per se, the ciliary beating frequency. By measuring the mucociliary frequency on the excised mucus-depleted frog palate of native mucus and xanthan gum using a simulant of mucus, we observed that beyond an optimal value of viscosity (close to 12 Pa.s) the mucociliary frequency and transport rate decrease in parallel. Other rheological factors such as adhesion and spinability of mucus can also be implicated in the regulation of the mucociliary transport rate. PMID- 3502757 TI - Diffusion of charged ions in mucus gel: effect of net charge. AB - The interposition of a neutral starch gel greatly retarded bulk ionic movement by free flow. A mucus (charged) gel preparation of identical concentration and thickness further retarded ionic diffusion. The findings suggest that the charges in the mucus matrix may exert an ionic exclusion effect (Donnan Exclusion), thus retarding other ionic diffusion. We speculate that a mucus layer may physiologically behave as an ion exchange gel column and modify the traffic of charged ions through it. PMID- 3502758 TI - Processes in formation of mucus by the body wall of Ariolimax columbianus. AB - The mucus secreted by the body surface of the terrestrial pulmonate slug, Ariolimax columbianus, is a variable mix of products of the giant mucous and channel cells of the skin. An in vitro sac preparation allows the study of control and products of these two cell types. Mucins in membrane-bound granules are released by the mucous cells on mechanical or electrical stimulation of the skin. The product of the channel cells is a blood ultrafiltrate, modified by reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions and transfer into the fluid of K+ and HCO3- ions (processes of secretion inhibited by ouabain, amiloride and furosemide; and by other epithelial blocking agents). Rates of secretion can be increased or decreased by gastropod neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, serotonin, and others), and by prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin. PMID- 3502759 TI - Studies of tracheal secretion using serous cell cultures and monoclonal antibodies. AB - The glycoconjugate composition of tracheal secretions varies with physiological and pathophysiological parameters. Believing that these differences might be explained by metabolic or regulatory modifications of particular cell types, we have developed strategies for biochemical analysis at the cellular level. We have produced monoclonal antibodies whose determinants are restricted to a single secretory cell type (serous, mucous, or goblet cell granules, or ciliated cell glycocalyx). By enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), we have characterized four of the antibodies biochemically, and have also used the antibodies as quantitative molecular probes to detect release of antigen from mixed cell explants. Four of the antigens are carried by carbohydrate moieties of high molecular weight glycoproteins. Western blot analysis shows their molecular weight in reducing gels (SDS-PAGE) to exceed 200 kD. When used in parallel with pulse-chase labeling studies, the antibodies are both more sensitive and specific (than bound radioactivity) in detecting gland or goblet cell secretion in response to autonomic drugs or proteases. We have also isolated and cultured serous gland cells for physiological and biochemical studies. These cells express serous cell phenotype as reflected by ultrastructure, histochemistry, and lysozyme activity. Biochemical analysis of their secretory products reveals glycoconjugate components which are heterogeneous with respect to both molecular weight and charge. Radiolabeled secretory products eluting in the void volume of Sepharose C1 4B were completely degraded by chondroitinase ABC. This indicates that the major glycoconjugate produced by serous cell is a proteoglycan resembling chondroitin sulfate. PMID- 3502760 TI - The role of mucus viscoelasticity in cough clearance. AB - The relationships between mucus rheology, depth of mucus layer and clearance by simulated cough were examined in a study employing a model plexiglass trachea lined with gels formed from locust bean gum crosslinked with sodium tetraborate. The viscoelastic properties of the mucus simulants were determined by magnetic rheometry at 100 rad/s and expressed as mechanical impedance (dynamic stress/strain ratio) and loss tangent. Cough was simulated by opening a solenoid valve connecting the model trachea to a pressurized tank, using an upstream flow constrictive element to shape the flow profile to approximate the pattern seen in a normal adult. Mucus clearance was quantitated by observing the movement of contrasting marker particles placed in the mucus layer. The median particle displacement was defined as the clearance index, Cl. For any initial depth of mucus, Cl increased with driving pressure in the tank, and for a given driving pressure, Cl increased linearly with increasing mucus depth. For a given driving pressure and depth, Cl decreased with increasing mechanical impedance of the mucus. At constant mechanical impedance, Cl increased with increasing loss tangent, in other words, cough clearance was impeded more by elasticity than viscosity. Mucus clearance was associated with transient wave formation in the lining layer. Thus dependence on viscoelasticity is consistent with observations that airflow-mucus interaction and wave formation are impeded by elasticity. The clearance vs. loss tangent relationship for cough is opposite to that found for ciliary clearance (Biorheology 1980, 17, 249), suggesting a natural balance in viscosity and elasticity for mucus to be cleared by both mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502761 TI - Direct measurement of the velocity of the metachronal wave in beating cilia. AB - Recently a computerized electro-optical method was developed which enables one to simultaneously measure the frequency and the wavelength of the metachronal waves in beating cilia. The method is based on measurement of scattered light from two areas at a given distance apart. The distance between measured areas can be varied from zero to hundreds of microns. The relative ease of the measurement and data analysis of this method enable one to create large statistical ensembles in order to obtain reliable averages. In this work we show that in addition to the previously mentioned parameters this system can measure directly the velocity of the metachronal wave. It was found that the average velocity in the tissue culture from frog's palate epithelium at room temperature is approximately 270 micron/sec, about twice the average particle velocity at the frog's palate. PMID- 3502762 TI - A model for mucus glycoprotein structure. AB - An approximately 500,000Da subunit characterizes the structural glycoprotein of mucus. This unit is composed of a rod-like very heavily glycosylated protein chain with an unglycosylated cysteine rich region at its end. It is proposed that the 'bare' peptide portion of the subunit forms itself into a lectin by undergoing a disulfide bond stabilised conformational fold. The lectin binding site, R, is assumed to be selective for a rare sugar sequence, which, when present, creates a binding site R. The site R has to be relatively rare. The average number less than s greater than of sidechains which contain R per subunit will only be of order 1. When less than s greater than less than or equal to 1 reasonably long, chain-like aggregates are formed which behave like coiling polymer chains with the subunit the Kuhn statistical element. When less than s greater than much greater than 1 the entire system forms one structure. Data obtained from the literature are analysed. They favor finite size, separate chains. The Kuhn statistical element length, derived from the data, is shown to agree well with the lectin model hypothesis. PMID- 3502763 TI - Mechanical characterization and properties of gastrointestinal mucus gel. AB - Mechanical spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of mucus gel taken from the surface of the pig gastrointestinal tract. Mucus from stomach, duodenum and colon was insoluble and its mechanical properties, characteristic of a weak viscoelastic gel, were unchanged in saline, acid (pH 2) and denaturants. Small intestinal mucus gel which was of poorer quality, was disrupted following exposure to acid and denaturants. Concentration of purified glycoprotein produced gels that had mechanical spectra with the same profiles as the respective native secretion except for reconstituted small intestinal mucus which was of better quality and similar to the other native and reconstituted gels. Reduction of S-S linkages or proteolysis of all mucus gels caused a collapse of structure to give profiles typical of a viscous solution. This collapse of gel structure was shown to result from a breakdown of the covalent polymeric structure of the component glycoproteins. A linear correlation for mucus gels was observed between gel quality (as defined by tan delta) and the ratio of polymeric glycoprotein to its degraded lower molecular weight subunit. Human gastric mucus from a histologically normal stomach also had the characteristics of a weak viscoelastic gel, although that from patients with peptic ulcer disease has a significantly reduced content of polymeric glycoprotein. PMID- 3502766 TI - Sixth International Congress of Biorheology. Symposium: Molecular biorheology. PMID- 3502764 TI - Molecular mechanism of product storage and release in mucin secretion. II. The role of extracellular Ca++. AB - Mucin-containing granules, produced by mammalian goblet cells in vitro, undergo massive post-exocytotic swelling (23). Their swelling kinetics are similar to the swelling of condensed artificial polymer gels (22). Earlier, we proposed that mucins are condensed in the secretory granule and expand by swelling during or after exocytosis (21). The swelling of mucus is affected by ionic influences, as it is governed by a Donnan equilibrium process (21). However, the effect of cations on the swelling of newly released mucins had not yet been investigated. Calcium has been found in high concentration inside secretory granules of mucin secreting cells (18, 9, 25), and is also elevated in the mucus of cystic fibrosis patients (17). The present experiments were designed to study the effect of extracellular Ca++ concentration on the swelling kinetics of the newly released secretory product of respiratory goblet cells in vitro. The data show that extracellular Ca++, in concentrations similar to those found in the mucus of cystic fibrosis patients (2 to 4 mM) can produce a four-fold decrease in the diffusivity of the newly released mucin polymer network, resulting in a slow rate of swelling, and a mucus that remains thick for long periods of time. The present findings are in agreement with the Donnan equilibrium hypothesis for the regulation of mucus swelling and rheology (21), and bear important implications for the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 3502765 TI - The role of the periciliary fluid in mucociliary flows: flow velocity profiles in frog palate mucus. AB - Observations of flow velocity profiles over frog mucociliated palate are used to estimate viscosity, shear rate and shear stress in the periciliary flow field. The ability of cilia to generate significant shear stress at long distances and their utility as rhoeometers are examined. It is proposed that the depth of significant ciliary shear penetration into the periciliary fluid is sufficient to move mucus masses well beyond the ciliary tips, obviating the need for tip penetration where anchoring phenomena are sufficiently reduced. PMID- 3502767 TI - Phasic flow patterns at a hemodialysis venous anastomosis. AB - A phase-by-phase analysis of local flow patterns at the venous anastomosis of an arteriovenous hemodialysis angioaccess loop graft (AVLG) was made. The study was carried out in an elastic, transparent Silastic in vitro flow model, which duplicates the detail geometry of the AVLG obtained from an animal model (30+ kg dogs with 12 weeks bilateral femoral AVLG implantation). The flow model was installed in a mock pulsatile flow loop system designed to simulate physiological conditions. Flow visualization was made in laser-illuminated flow fields using a high-speed cine camera. Analysis of the high-speed cine indicates there is a distinct separation region downstream of the anastomotic toe in the median plane and a stagnation region that oscillates along the opposite wall. During inward motion of the vessel wall, accumulation of particles in the separation region and the nearby stagnation region is observed. A large swirl appears in the distal vein during end-systolic period. A double-helical flow pattern occurs further down in the distal vein. Retrograde flow in the distal vein occurs in an "oscillating" manner following each cardiac cycle. PMID- 3502768 TI - Optimality principle in vascular bifurcation. AB - The optimal geometry of the vascular bifurcation is interpreted on the basis of the principle of minimum work. We consider the energy expenditure due to the viscosity of blood, and that for maintaining the metabolic states of the blood cells and of the vessel wall. It is shown that the optimal radii of the stem and branch vessels and the optimal branching angle are related to two parameters which represent the morphologic and metabolic states of the blood and the vessel wall. In the special case of symmetrical bifurcation, it was found that as the metabolic demand of the vessel wall becomes more apparent when compared with that of the blood, the branch radius relative to that of the stem takes values of from 0.794 down to 0.758 minimally, and the angle from 37.5 degrees up to 48.7 degrees maximally with respect to the direction of the stem. PMID- 3502769 TI - Measured wall shear stress distribution pattern upstream and downstream of a unilateral stenosis by an electrochemical method. AB - An electrochemical surface shear stress measurement was applied to a model of unilateral arterial stenosis. The unilateral stenosis model was made up of a removable stenosis plug, in an electrochemical shear stress measurement test section with 100 cathodes. Three dimensional wall shear stress distribution was measured under steady flow field. At a relatively low Reynolds number, Re = 270, there was a characteristic high and low wall shear distribution pattern downstream of the unilateral stenosis. There were also remarkable high shear stress areas on the opposite wall up- and downstream, and both side walls of the stenosis upstream. It was clearly shown that detailed three dimensional structure of the flow field must be studied in order to correlate it to pathological findings. PMID- 3502770 TI - Axial migration of spirulina microalgae in laminar tube flow. AB - A dilute suspension of Spirulina Microalgae is found to exhibit radial migration in laminar flow in a 650 micron vertical tube. As the tube Reynolds number increases, the particles concentrate in a narrower region around the tube axis. When the turbulent regime is approached, the particles disperse as expected. PMID- 3502772 TI - Electrokinetic effects on luminal and transmural fluid flow in capillaries. AB - The influence on fluid flow of the fixed charge on the surface of capillaries is calculated using the linearised Poisson-Boltzmann equations. The results depend strongly upon the ratio of the capillary radius to the Debye length. At physiological ionic strength, the Debye length is less than 1 nm and electrostatic effects are negligible. In particular, they can not explain the Copley-Scott Blair phenomenon in artificial capillaries. Electrostatic effects can be significant in smaller channels and it is calculated that in intercellular clefts in the capillary endothelium the apparent viscosity of the fluid may increase more than 50%. These effects can also be important in the flow in the narrow gap between a red cell and the blood capillary wall. Using the Fitzgerald Lighthill model of this flow and parameters typical of the human microcirculation, the theory predicts that the apparent viscosity in the gap will be increased by about 5%. PMID- 3502771 TI - The effects of experimental hypo- and hyperthyroidism on blood viscosity and other blood parameters in the rat. AB - Three groups of male Sprague Dawley rats received methimazole without or with Na thyroxine in drinking water (3 and 0.33 mg T4/l, respectively) to induce characteristic alterations of their thyroid status (hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, euthyroid). A fourth group served as an untreated control without any additive to the drinking water. With respect to the different thyroid status, the following changes in the blood parameters were found: increasing plasma-T3-levels caused a reduction in plasma viscosity, in total plasma protein and in alpha 1-globulin, but an increase in hematocrit, whole blood viscosity, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, alpha 2-globulin and beta-globulin. It was concluded that the increase in the plasma viscosity in the hypothyroid status is mainly due to an alteration of the plasma protein pattern, and that the increase in whole blood viscosity in the hyperthyroid rat is a consequence of increased hematocrit. PMID- 3502773 TI - Thixotropic properties of whole blood from healthy human subjects. AB - The steady state non-Newtonian viscosity of whole human blood has been widely studied as a function of the shear rate; and used to characterize the blood in various pathological disorders. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that blood is a thixotropic fluid. Its time-dependency and shear rate dependency of rheological behavior can be represented by an equation developed by Huang. Parameters of the equation can be used for the characterization of an individual's blood. They provide information, such as the kinetic rate constant of breakdown of RBC rouleaux to individual erythrocytes and the relative amount of rouleau formation in the dynamic equilibrium between rouleaux and individual erythrocytes. In this communication, the thixotropic parameters from blood samples of fifteen apparently healthy human subjects were investigated. When compared to the use of apparent viscosity values for the correlation with a pathological disorder, thixotropic parameters are preferable. The mean values of thixotropic parameters obtained from apparently healthy human subjects provide a base for comparison with the same parameters as obtained from blood samples of patients with certain pathological disorders involving the circulation. PMID- 3502774 TI - Effects of hematocrit on thixotropic properties of human blood. AB - The rheological properties of whole human blood exhibit thixotropic behavior at low shear rates up to about ten reciprocal seconds (1). The accepted cause of this shear rate-dependent and time-dependent behavior is the progressive breakdown of rouleaux into individual red cells. Huang developed a rheological equation which incorporates the kinetics of rouleau breakdown in his models (2). This five-parameter equation was used successfully to represent the hysteresis loop and the torque-decay curve of whole human blood. Numerical values of these five thixotropic parameters, which characterize the rheological behavior of the blood from apparently healthy human subjects, were established (3). In this communication, we examined the effect of hematocrit on each of the above mentioned parameters. The results show that the following parameters will increase their values with an increase in hematocrit: the yield stress, Newtonian contribution of viscosity, non-Newtonian contribution of viscosity, apparent viscosity and the equilibrium value of the structural parameter which indicates the relative amount of rouleaux in blood. Mathematical equations were developed to give the relationship between parameters and hematocrit. Two other thixotropic parameters, viz. the kinetic rate constant of rouleaux breakdown into individual red cells and the order of the breakdown reaction, were found to be independent of the hematocrit. It is consistent with reaction kinetic theory that the rate constant and the order of reaction are independent of the concentration of reactants. PMID- 3502775 TI - A couette rheometer design for minimizing sedimentation and red-cell-aggregation artifacts in low-shear blood rheometry. PMID- 3502777 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of human prenatal muscle development. AB - A scanning electron microscopic study of the development of the human quadriceps was performed in 30 fetuses ranging from 6 to 40 weeks gestation. The results clearly illustrate the hyperplastic phase of myogenesis, showing the differentiation, multiplication and fusion of the myoblasts and the subsequent formation of different generations of myotubes. The myoblasts decrease relatively in number within the developing quadriceps until the 19th week of gestation, and remain afterwards as quiescent satellite cells. The maturation of the myotubes to myofibers and the metabolic differentiation of the fibers are not accompanied by significant changes in their external form in terms of scanning electron microscopy. The hypertrophic phase of myogenesis and general fetal growth can be followed with scanning electron microscopy by the increase in size of the fibers or bundles of fibers, as well as by the differentiation of the connective tissue components of the muscle. PMID- 3502776 TI - [Macroscopic study and structure of the nerve of the levator muscle of the anus]. AB - Beginning at the sacral plexus the nerve disposition can be found to follow two modalities: first disposition in 2/3 of all cases having a cranial nerve branch for the elevator portion and a caudal nerve branch for the sphincter portion; second disposition in 1/3 of all cases having a branch divided in its terminal part into 2 ramus branches, one for the elevator portion and one for the sphincter portion. On the average the nerve contains 539 fibers of which 73% are myelinated and 27% non myelinated. The fibrillar content is identical for both branches of either disposition. PMID- 3502778 TI - [Evaluation of the density of acetylcholinesterase-positive and intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the uterus in rats]. AB - According to the Karnovsky and Roots modified by E1 Badawi and Schenk's technique for the acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation and according to the Lindvall and Bjorklund modified by de la Torre and Surgeon's method for the adrenergic one, we have demonstrated the nervous fibers in the different tissues of the cervix, the corpus and the cornu of the she-rat in pro-oestrus. A statistic evaluation of the density of these nervous networks has been established for the different regions. The study of the histograms demonstrates the predominance of acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation versus the adrenergic one. The evolution of the nervous densities is similar for each tissue in the corpus and the cornu, these of the myometrium are the highest. In the cervix, the acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers dominate over the mucosal and submucosal ones, on the other hand, the adrenergic ones are richest in the muscle. Our morphometric studies confirm statistically the optic observations of the others authors. PMID- 3502779 TI - [The heart in Papio erxleben, 1777. II. Study of the atrioventricular node region in P. cynocephalus L., 1766]. AB - The present work studies the atrioventricular (AV) junctional area in 15 hearts of P. cynocephalus perfused with phosphate-buffered formal 10%; 12 hearts were studied by gross anatomy and mesoscopic dissection, 3 hearts were serial sectioned in frontal plane (10 micron) and stained by trichromic method. The results show that the junctional AV area in P. cynocephalus is approximately similar to the same region in M. fascicularis and also in the human heart (Mandarim-de-Lacerda et Penteado in press, Mandarim-de-Lacerda et Hureau in press). It was impossible to dissect the AV node and AV bundle while the left bundle branch was easily identified as a calibrous fan-like fashion on the left side of the interventricular septum. The right bundle branch left the AV bundle and penetrated the myocardium of the trabecula septo-marginalis (moderator band). PMID- 3502780 TI - Monitoring of cyclosporin during continuous intravenous administration. AB - Intravenous cyclosporin was administered continuously to 18 consecutive marrow transplant recipients. Blood samples taken from the single lumen central venous line through which the cyclosporin was administered showed invariably high concentrations. Toxic levels were still present after discontinuation of cyclosporin administration for 8 h, while the peripheral blood levels were in the therapeutic range throughout the observation time. These observations may explain some of the reported discrepancies between the levels of cyclosporin and the side effects when using intravenous cyclosporin. Mean cyclosporin levels remained stable throughout the 4 weeks of continuous intravenous cyclosporin administration, despite a gradual decrease of the mean cyclosporin dose. Dose adaptations were made based on clinical side-effects and cyclosporin concentrations in blood samples from peripheral veins. PMID- 3502782 TI - Gene insertion into haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 3502781 TI - PUVA therapy for drug-resistant graft-versus-host disease. AB - Ultraviolet irradiation is known to diminish the functional capacity of cells of the immune system. We have used ultraviolet A irradiation in combination with psoralen (PUVA) to treat three patients with drug-resistant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the skin or mouth. Each of the three patients had received an HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant for haematological malignancy or severe aplastic anaemia. One patient developed acute GVHD of skin and mouth and two patients developed chronic GVHD of the mouth, which did not respond to conventional immunosuppressive drugs including cyclosporin and methyl prednisolone (all three patients) and anti-thymocyte globulin (two patients). PUVA irradiation to the skin was given at a dose of 0.75-1.25 J (joules) daily for four days per week and that to the mouth at 0.75 J daily four days per week. Before each treatment, 8-methoxypsoralen (0.6 mg/kg) was given orally as a photosensitizer. Each patient improved considerably and in each case the dosage of conventional immunosuppression was reduced. No flare was noted in the two patients with chronic GVHD of the mouth at 1 month after the end of treatment. PUVA irradiation is a useful therapeutic adjunct in GVHD affecting skin and mouth and appears to confer a steroid or cyclosporin sparing effect. PMID- 3502783 TI - Long-term human blood cultures: application to circulating progenitor cell autografting. AB - Peripheral blood cells collected by cytapheresis from patients with acute leukemia following induction therapy or with multiple myeloma off-therapy, were maintained in a one-stage long-term liquid culture system. The data indicate that: (1) blood-derived granulopoietic proliferation can be sustained for up to 8 weeks with generation of CFU-GM in a way similar to bone marrow cells; and (2) this normal hematopoiesis can be sustained in spite of the absence of any development of a substantial stromal adherent layer, which suggests that, unlike hematopoiesis from bone marrow, the blood-derived non-adherent cell population is a self-sustaining compartment. While autologous transplantation with peripheral progenitor cells is gaining importance as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation, this study suggests that circulating progenitor cells may have a different behavior from marrow cells. This observation may be relevant to the understanding of cases of defective hematopoietic reconstitution. PMID- 3502784 TI - Detection of minimal malignant cell infiltration in the bone marrow of patients with solid tumours, non-Hodgkin lymphomas and leukaemias. AB - Detection of a minimal malignant cell infiltration is becoming essential in oncohaematology, either as a prognostic factor in solid tumours or as a criterion of response to therapy in both haematological and non-haematological malignant proliferations. Evaluation of the efficiency of new therapeutic protocols, especially those involving high-dose chemotherapy and allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation, requires agreement between the different investigators on the definition of minimal residual disease in the bone marrow, on the limits of detection of the various available methods and on the types of investigations required in each clinical situation. This report summarizes the conclusions reached at the First France-Autogreffe Meeting on Minimal Residual Disease in the Bone Marrow. PMID- 3502787 TI - Drugs that affect the blood concentration of cyclosporin. PMID- 3502786 TI - Matched or mismatched? That is the question. PMID- 3502788 TI - Role of the vitreous in retinal vascular disorders. PMID- 3502785 TI - Efficacy of a combined treatment with ASTA-Z 7654 and VP16-213 in vitro in eradicating clonogenic tumor cells from human bone marrow. AB - The efficacy of autologous bone marrow transplantation in leukemia and lymphoma may depend upon the selective elimination of malignant cells from human bone marrow in vivo and in vitro. A cyclophosphamide derivative (ASTA-Z 7654) and etoposide (VP16-213) have been tested on lymphoma and leukemia cell lines in a model that may represent a bone marrow situation in complete remission. The influence of different concentrations of normal mononuclear cells and tumor cells in this model and the activity of the two chemotherapeutic agents in the presence of bone marrow cells or peripheral blood cells were evaluated. A major inhibitory effect was observed using the two agents in combination; low doses of ASTA-Z and VP16 consecutively added to the mixture of malignant cells and normal mononuclear cells resulted in a greater elimination of tumor line cells than with ASTA-Z alone at the current 100 micrograms/ml dose. In contrast, no major toxicity on normal human bone marrow precursors was observed; the effect of treatment on hemopoietic recovery with the two agents either alone or in combination was evaluated on CFU-GM growth after long-term bone marrow cultures. Despite a profound growth inhibition at day 0, a recovery was observed in all cases after 7 or 14 days. The use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of bone marrow in vitro could decrease the possibility of malignant cells surviving while sparing normal bone marrow precursors. PMID- 3502789 TI - Vitreous injections and vitrectomy. PMID- 3502790 TI - Kniest (Wagner-Stickler variant) and Goldmann-Favre disease in one sibship. PMID- 3502791 TI - Vitreous wick syndrome. PMID- 3502792 TI - Nd YAG laser treatment of ochre membranes. PMID- 3502793 TI - Role of the vitreous in macular disease. PMID- 3502794 TI - Bilateral retinal branch vein occlusion in protein C deficiency. PMID- 3502795 TI - Retinal pigment hypertrophy and chorioretinal dystrophy. PMID- 3502796 TI - Autosomal-dominant heredity of optic pits. A report of two families. PMID- 3502797 TI - Pattern reversal VEP in retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 3502798 TI - Hereditary vitreoretinal degenerations. PMID- 3502799 TI - [Evaluation of mental suffering in ophthalmological legal expert testimony]. PMID- 3502800 TI - Post-mortem study of chronic schizophrenic brains. AB - Volume measurements were carried out on 29 brains from institutionalised, chronic schizophrenic patients and 30 age and sex-matched controls using a stereological method. The volumes of the total fixated brain, the hemispheres, the cortex, and the central grey matter of the schizophrenic brains were significantly reduced while the volumes of the ventricles were significantly enlarged compared with the control group. The patients had been diagnosed by a psychiatrist on the basis of their case records as having either a Type I or Type II syndrome according to the symptoms they presented in the first years of their disease. The Type II patients were found to have significantly enlarged ventricles compared with the Type I patients. PMID- 3502801 TI - The Copenhagen high-risk project. The diagnosis of maternal schizophrenia and its relation to offspring diagnosis. AB - The Copenhagen longitudinal high-risk study of offspring of 129 schizophrenic mothers commenced in 1962. At that time, the mothers were diagnosed according to contemporary Danish criteria. We have re-examined all of the hospital records of these mothers: 108 (84%) fulfil present-day DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia and 95 (74%) were diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenic according to ICD-8 criteria. In a follow-up at mean age 24, the offspring of the paranoid schizophrenic mothers were themselves found to be less frequently schizophrenic (5%) than were the offspring of non-paranoid schizophrenic mothers (29%). PMID- 3502802 TI - A long-term follow-up study of schizophrenia in Japan--with special reference to the course of social adjustment. AB - A 21-27-year follow-up was conducted on 140 schizophrenic patients consecutively discharged from the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Gunma University Hospital, between 1958 and 1962, and 130 patients (93%) were successfully evaluated. Of these patients, 105 were still living, and the longitudinal courses could be fully observed in 98. With regard to the social outcome of the 105 patients, 47% were assessed as 'self-supportive' whereas 31% were 'hospitalised'. As for psychopathological outcome, 31% were 'recovered', 46% were 'improved', and 23% were 'unimproved'. In the studies of the longitudinal courses of the 98 patients, fluctuating courses of social adjustment were the most numerous in the early stages, whereas in the later stages many of the patients showed differentiation in one of two directions, namely the 'stable self-supportive' state and the 'chronic institutionalised' state. However, this form of differentiation was not revealed in the distribution of psychopathological 'end states'. PMID- 3502803 TI - Mode of inheritance as indicated by one-sided and two-sided familial taint: with an application to schizophrenia. AB - Among his various approaches to an understanding of schizophrenic inheritance, whether dominant or recessive, Rudin (1916) also compared the respective frequencies of one-sided and two-sided familial taint. Essen-Moller (1949) tried the idea on another sample, but neither of us arrived at a definite choice. Later on Slater (1966) surprisingly demonstrated that unilaterality is typical not only of dominant but also of polygenic transmission. In the present paper we adjust Slater's computation and, in so doing, accentuate his result. We also find a similar preponderance of unilaterality on a recessive model, and offer an explanation for this. The findings substantially reduce the efficacy of laterality of taint as an indicator of mode inheritance. PMID- 3502804 TI - Prediction of outcome in depressed patients by weekly monitoring with the dexamethasone suppression test. AB - Forty-three depressed patients in hospital were studied with weekly dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) and were followed as out-patients for at least three months after discharge. The detection rate of patients with LHPA axis dysfunction increased from 41% with a single DST to 59% with serial DSTs. There was a poor correlation between weekly post-dexamethasone cortisol levels and Hamilton depression rating scores. In patients with evidence of LHPA axis dysfunction, a DST at discharge discriminated effectively between a good and a poor outcome group; persistent non-suppression was strongly linked with a relapse of depression in the first three months after discharge. In general, our results support previous claims that the DST is a state marker for depressive illness. PMID- 3502805 TI - Major affective disorder in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. A descriptive diagnostic study. AB - DSM-III lifetime diagnoses were assessed in 52 patients with a lifetime history of anorexia nervosa or bulimia by means of a standardised diagnostic interview. It was found that 44.2% had a lifetime diagnosis of DSM-III major affective disorder, with abstaining anorectics having a lower rate of depression than those with bulimic symptoms. In the great majority of cases, the onset of affective disorder post-dated the onset of the eating disorder by at least one year. In patients whose eating disorder was in remission, the rate of depressive symptoms was lower than in those in the acute stage of their illness. These findings, combined with recent studies on biological changes in eating disorders, and psychological theories of depression, suggest that in most cases in which the two conditions are associated, the depression is secondary to the eating disorder. PMID- 3502806 TI - Prescriptive v. exploratory psychotherapy. Outcomes of the Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. AB - Prior research suggests that psychotherapeutic techniques which differ in their contents are quite similar in their outcomes. Outcome data are reported from a study designed to maximise sensitivity to technique effects on outcome in a clinically realistic setting, and to permit detailed analysis of the relations between content, immediate impact, and outcome of therapy. Forty professional and managerial workers with depression or anxiety received eight sessions of Prescriptive (cognitive/behavioural) and eight sessions of Exploratory (relationship-oriented) therapy in a crossover design, with each client seeing the same therapist throughout. Outcome was assessed by standard interview and questionnaire methods. The results favoured Prescriptive therapy, although this difference was of moderate extent. The outcome was largely unaffected by the order in which the two methods were offered. PMID- 3502808 TI - A study of firesetters in the south-west of Ireland. AB - A survey of 54 firesetters who had been in hospital or prison was conducted. The results confirmed earlier findings on several aspects, such as male predominance, unstable childhood and proclivity to self-injurious behaviour. Revenge emerged as the commonest motive overall and an association with alcohol was found. Only 11% of the fire-raising episodes, whether among hospital or prison groups, were truly trivial. Arsonists in prison and hospital had many features in common and generally were quite psychologically disturbed, which contrasted with those who set fires for profit. A poor outcome was found, with continuing self-harm and a high suicide rate. Our findings suggest that arson recidivism arises in at least 35% of arsonists. PMID- 3502807 TI - Psychogeriatrics 1974 to 1984. Expanding problems and fixed resources. AB - The impact of a 16% increase between censuses in the population aged 65 and over, on a psychogeriatric department whose bed complement remained static between 1974 and 1984, has been studied. Demand for service, as measured by new referrals, rose by 150%, while admissions fell by 14%. The increase in new referrals was uniform across the diagnostic spectrum, but the fall in admissions was not. Functional admissions fell in all age-groups except that of women of 85 and over, while organic-case admissions other than for cases of dementia virtually collapsed. Overall admissions for dementia rose to the predicted level, but the distribution of the increase was irregular and unexpected. Admissions of males and females aged 65-74 and females of 85 and over fell relatively and absolutely, while those of women aged 75-84 and men of 85 and over were little changed. Only admissions of men aged 75-84 alone increased in real terms. PMID- 3502809 TI - Midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging of autism. AB - Since recent reports suggest structural brain abnormalities in autistic patients, we analysed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of autistic children. Planimetric measurements were done on midsagittal MRI scans, produced with a 0.5 T superconducting magnet. Scans of 13 'high-level' autistic subjects were compared with 35 control MRI scans, read as anatomically normal by a neuroradiologist. Corpus callosal, fourth ventricular, cerebellar, cerebral, and cranial areas were measured. The fourth ventricle was found to be significantly larger in the autistic group. No other areas in the midsagittal scans differed statistically between groups. Results suggest that structures defining the fourth ventricle are anatomically altered in autistic patients. PMID- 3502810 TI - Conversive hallucinations. AB - Conversive hallucinations are rare in the psychiatric literature. The authors present a case which demonstrates the psychogenesis and phenomenology of conversive hallucinations in a young female patient. PMID- 3502811 TI - Lithium toxicity and mefenamic acid. A possible interaction and the role of prostaglandin inhibition. AB - An elderly patient with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, stabilised satisfactorily on lithium carbonate, developed acute symptoms of lithium toxicity shortly after commencing mefenamic acid. Vulnerability factors for the interaction may have included age, history of cardiac failure, and impaired glomerular function. It is hypothesised that the interaction may have been mediated by inhibition of prostaglandin activity. PMID- 3502812 TI - The effect of maternal psychotic illness on a child. AB - We report the case of an 11-year-old girl who had been living with only her mother, a woman with chronic schizophrenia. The girl had been caught shoplifting with her mother, and had a long history of non-attendance at school. The case emphasises that adult psychiatrists should always consider the impact of chronic parental psychiatric disorder on children, particularly in one-parent families. PMID- 3502813 TI - Two cases of erotomania (de Clerambault's syndrome) in bipolar affective disorder. AB - Two female patients with longstanding bipolar affective disorder demonstrated de Clerambault's paradigm of erotomania during the euthymic phase of their illness. Although a diagnosis of schizophrenia or paranoid disorder is often given, a review of the literature shows that many cases have features of a major affective disorder, probably bipolar affective disorder and its spectrum. PMID- 3502814 TI - A case of self-inflicted leucotomy. AB - A suicide attempt with a gun resulted in left frontal lobe damage in a 19-year old obsessive man. While intelligence did not suffer and no frontal lobe syndrome emerged, the patient's obsessive rituals were significantly reduced. PMID- 3502815 TI - Expressed emotions and first episodes of schizophrenia. PMID- 3502816 TI - Tuberous sclerosis and psychosis. PMID- 3502817 TI - Depressed mood after stroke. PMID- 3502818 TI - Pseudo-AIDS, AIDS panic or AIDS phobia? PMID- 3502819 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): a misnomer? PMID- 3502820 TI - Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale. PMID- 3502821 TI - The Hungerford massacre and its aftermath. PMID- 3502822 TI - Behavior disorder in childhood re-assessed. PMID- 3502823 TI - Indecent exposure--a report of a female. PMID- 3502824 TI - Mania following head injury. PMID- 3502826 TI - Consent to investigation. PMID- 3502825 TI - Acute psychotic episode caused by abuse of phensedyl. PMID- 3502827 TI - Compensation psychosis. PMID- 3502828 TI - Systemic responses to anesthesia and operation. PMID- 3502829 TI - Acute spinal cord injury. PMID- 3502830 TI - Rehabilitation in spinal cord injury. AB - Caring for the new quadriplegic is an immense undertaking involving multiple health care professionals who must function as a team. The physician in charge must understand rehabilitation principles and be able to communicate with all members of the team caring for the patient. Rehabilitation principles, if considered early, can greatly decrease the length of stay of the patient and allow him to maximize his potential for recovery. A basic knowledge of physicial and occupational therapy in paraplegia and quadriplegia in the acute stage as well as functional expectations in the long term have been presented. PMID- 3502831 TI - Renal failure and associated metabolic disturbances. PMID- 3502832 TI - The new frontier for medical science in the Republic of China--clinical toxicology. PMID- 3502833 TI - Agenda for the 21st century: the Pacific Rim countries and the challenge for leadership in international development. PMID- 3502834 TI - [Central pharmacological effects of five Chinese herbs]. PMID- 3502835 TI - [Characterization of human thyroid adenyl cyclase]. PMID- 3502836 TI - The analgesic effect of intrathecal nalbuphine in primates. PMID- 3502837 TI - [Fitting power exponential curves to gastric emptying data--a study of 28 normal subjects]. PMID- 3502838 TI - Diagnosis and prevalance of sexually transmitted diseases of draftees in Taipei. PMID- 3502839 TI - [Electrophysiological estimation of the number of motor units in abductor digiti minimi of young adults]. PMID- 3502840 TI - [Clinical study of head injuries in the emergency unit of Veterans General Hospital]. PMID- 3502841 TI - Length of hospital stay for active treatment psychiatric patients in Taiwan. PMID- 3502842 TI - [Schizencephaly--a case report]. PMID- 3502843 TI - Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary report of a case. PMID- 3502844 TI - Surgical treatment for macular hole retinal detachment--comparison of simple drainage, macular buckling and vitrectomy techniques. PMID- 3502845 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary edema. PMID- 3502846 TI - [The sinoatrial nodal function in uremic patients. A preliminary report]. PMID- 3502847 TI - [Submucosal urethral injection of teflon in the treatment of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3502848 TI - [Comparison of direct spectrophotometric method versus Jendrassik and Grof method of total bilirubin determination for blood samples with increased concentrations of intravenous fat emulsion]. PMID- 3502849 TI - [The rubella immunity survey of unmarried school-aged women in Taipei and feasibility study of rubella vaccination]. PMID- 3502850 TI - [Thermal effect of ultrasound therapy on deep tissue]. PMID- 3502851 TI - Adie's syndrome with segmental anhidrosis. Report of one case. PMID- 3502853 TI - Computed tomographic findings of a high jugular bulb with bony dehiscence. PMID- 3502852 TI - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma--a case report. PMID- 3502854 TI - [Cat scratch disease]. PMID- 3502855 TI - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy with electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy. PMID- 3502857 TI - Suppression of picrotoxin-induced cardiac arrhythmias by nifedipine in cats. PMID- 3502856 TI - [The diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in pleural effusion]. PMID- 3502858 TI - [An outbreak of ammonia poisoning in a seafood factory]. PMID- 3502859 TI - [Adenosquamous carcinoma of colon. A case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 3502860 TI - Supernormal excitation in pacemaker exit block. PMID- 3502861 TI - A study on the anatomy of the facial nerves in Chinese adults. PMID- 3502862 TI - [In vitro induction of differentiation in leukemic cells by various inducers]. PMID- 3502864 TI - [The effect of unilateral testicular damage on the contralateral testis: an experimental study]. PMID- 3502863 TI - [Accuracy of the Biox 3700 Pulse Oximeter and its clinical applications]. PMID- 3502865 TI - [Screening for glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-PD) deficiency in the Chinese newborns and the correlation between infants with G-6-PD deficiency and their parents' nativities]. PMID- 3502866 TI - [Endoscopic study of the Eustachian tube of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 3502867 TI - [Clinical analysis of congenital heart disease complicated by brain abscess]. PMID- 3502868 TI - [A report of two cases of Cryptosporidiosis]. PMID- 3502869 TI - [Boiled maltum water decreased milk secretion of the parturient rat mammary gland]. PMID- 3502870 TI - Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on platelet aggregation. PMID- 3502871 TI - [Stapedectomy]. PMID- 3502872 TI - [The serum levels of human calcitonin (hCT) and salmon calcitonin (sCT) in lung cancer patients]. PMID- 3502873 TI - [Clinical investigation of causes of failed back surgery syndrome]. PMID- 3502874 TI - [Control of bleeding in cervical pregnancy: two clinical case reports]. PMID- 3502875 TI - [Brainstem stroke induced by chiropractic neck manipulation--a case report]. PMID- 3502876 TI - [Tension pneumocephalus--report of four cases]. PMID- 3502877 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 3502878 TI - Distinguishing conscious from unconscious perceptual processes. PMID- 3502879 TI - Naming and locating the tops of rotated pictures. PMID- 3502881 TI - Dichotic listening performance, cognitive ability, and cerebral organization. PMID- 3502880 TI - [Temporal structure of maternal language directed at infants 3 months old]. PMID- 3502882 TI - General and context-specific encoding: a life-span development study. PMID- 3502883 TI - [Graphophonologic encoding in the process of identifying visual stimuli]. PMID- 3502884 TI - Against parafoveal semantic preprocessing during eye fixations in reading. PMID- 3502885 TI - Memory for picture fragments in monkeys and humans. PMID- 3502886 TI - The writing performance of inverted and noninverted right- and left-handers. PMID- 3502887 TI - Infants' perception of musical relations in short transposed tone sequences. PMID- 3502888 TI - Speech perception in severely disabled and average reading children. PMID- 3502889 TI - The first five responses in the method of constant stimuli. PMID- 3502890 TI - A nontrivial motor performance difference between right-handers and left-handers: attention as intervening variable in the expression of handedness. PMID- 3502891 TI - Aging and cognition. PMID- 3502892 TI - Behavioural and neurophysiological examples of functional sparing in senescent rat. PMID- 3502893 TI - Nonlinear changes in cognition with age and their neuropsychologic correlates. PMID- 3502894 TI - Neuropsychological assessment of memory in the elderly. PMID- 3502895 TI - Age differences in memory for item and source information. PMID- 3502896 TI - Age differences in metamemory: resolving the inconsistencies. PMID- 3502897 TI - Prospective memory and self-reports of memory abilities in older adults. PMID- 3502898 TI - Component processes in bridge bidding and novel problem-solving tasks. PMID- 3502899 TI - Stability of intelligence: a 40-year follow-up. PMID- 3502900 TI - An investigation of cognitive function in relation to psychosocial variables in institutionalized old people. PMID- 3502901 TI - The effects of backward pairings on the conditioning of the albino rabbit's jaw movement and nictitating membrane responses. PMID- 3502902 TI - The time to identify disoriented letters: effects of practice and font. PMID- 3502903 TI - Tests of a model of informational persistence. PMID- 3502905 TI - Constraints on human arm movement trajectories. PMID- 3502904 TI - Location errors in tachistoscopic recognition: guesses, probe errors, or spatial confusions? PMID- 3502906 TI - Seeing and knowing: on the ascription of mental states to young children. PMID- 3502907 TI - Failures to confirm the spatial-frequency hypothesis: fatal blow or healthy complication. PMID- 3502908 TI - Equal loudness contours derived from comparisons of sensory differences. PMID- 3502909 TI - [Rapid decisions in the situation of dichotic choice: an integrated approach which takes into account onset snd execution of the response]. PMID- 3502910 TI - Spatial constraints on the voluntary control of attention across visual space. PMID- 3502911 TI - Parallel processing of the sex and familiarity of faces. PMID- 3502912 TI - Visual imagery and memory for appearance: does Clark Gable or George C. Scott have bushier eyebrows? PMID- 3502913 TI - Indwelling central venous catheter--related infections and two different procedures of catheter care. PMID- 3502914 TI - Hospice home death, hospital death, and coping abilities of widows. PMID- 3502915 TI - Informational needs of recently diagnosed cancer patients. Part II. Method and description. PMID- 3502916 TI - Ageing in Asia and the Pacific. A multidimensional cross-national study in four countries. AB - Although ageing is not yet a high priority issue for health planners, policy makers and clinicians in most developing countries, there will be a growing need in coming years to pay more attention to the important health issues associated with population ageing in the developing world. This paper reports some of the relevant findings of a cross-national study (sponsored by the World Health Organization) of the health and social aspects of ageing in four developing countries: Korea, the Philippines, Fiji and Malaysia. The key findings are compared and contrasted with those of a similar 11-country WHO study in Europe. In broad terms, the overall demographic, physical, mental health and social patterns and trends associated with ageing as demonstrated by age group and sex differences were consistent throughout the four countries studied. Comparisons with European findings in other similar studies underlined the fundamental universality of age-related changes in biophysical, behavioural and social characteristics. The importance of the family in developing countries was evident with about three-quarters of those aged 60 and over in the four countries living with children, often in extended family situations. Levels of adverse health related behaviour and the prospect of changing patterns of morbidity with further increases in the total and proportional numbers of aged persons point to a need for emphasis on preventive health measures and programmes directed to the maintenance of the physical and mental health of the ageing population. PMID- 3502917 TI - Factors affecting the work status of older Australians. An interdisciplinary approach. AB - With the declining work force participation in developed countries of older men over the last decade, the study of factors affecting their status became of major interest in economic analyses. It is argued here that social constraints, as well as economic incentives and individual preferences, are important factors in retirement behaviour. Both trivariate and bivariate logit analyses of Australian data confirm the significance of variables indicating social constraint on work related to age and gender. An entirely different model emerged for predicting part-time work status compared to the model for full-time work status. It is argued that the task of analysing survey data requires an interdisciplinary approach to deal with applied problems. PMID- 3502919 TI - Optional early retirement as an alternative to involuntary layoffs: some observations on the Israeli experience. AB - The use of optional early retirement (OER) in Israel is discussed in the context of the tendency to consider forms of voluntary work-force reductions as an alternative to dismissals and layoffs during organizational retrenchment. The pros and cons of OER are assessed from both the organizational and the individual points of view. Although much more palatable than involuntary dismissals, attention is called to the hidden costs of OER in terms of organizational effectiveness, the stigmatizing use of age as a selection criterion, and the unintended effects on individual well-being. PMID- 3502918 TI - Trends in elderly mortality in the Nordic countries. AB - This study describes the development of elderly mortality in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) during this century. Long-term trends in total mortality are examined on the basis of life table statistics. More recent trends (from the 1950s onwards) are described by means of annual mortality rates according to a rough classification of causes of death. The series of vital statistics have been utilized as the data source for the long term trends, and the original data for annual trends have been obtained from the mortality data bank files of the WHO. Marked improvements were observed in survival at advanced ages in the Nordic countries. However, the development has not been stable as in recent decades the elderly mortality rate has fluctuated, roughly comparable to the fluctuations in mortality among the younger age groups. The fact that the rate of recent improvement has been greatest in Finland where there, traditionally, is a high mortality level, and low in Norway and Sweden, where mortality levels are low, is in accordance with the idea of approaching a certain biological lower limit to mortality. However, certain characteristics seem to suggest that further advances are possible. Marked improvements have taken place recently in Iceland even though its mortality level at the end of the 1960s was already low. In addition, a large proportion of the differences in mortality rates between the Nordic countries may be due to external factors related to living conditions or life-style. Recent trends in mortality from several causes of death may also be primarily linked to such factors. Further research focusing particularly on a more detailed classification of causes of death and sociodemographic differentials within the national elderly populations is suggested. PMID- 3502920 TI - Illness of spouse and psychological well-being in older adults. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine whether illness of a spouse is a source of significant psychological distress for older adults. In addition, we also examine whether two intervening variables (chronic financial strain and chronic marital strain) might explain why this relationship exists. A final goal of this study was to determine whether gender differences exist in the relationships among these indicators. Findings from a random community survey of elderly people suggest that while illness of spouse exerts significant direct effects on depression for both older men and older women, the indirect effects through financial and martial strain are largely restricted to elderly women. PMID- 3502921 TI - Gender and race differences in effects of health and pension on retirement before 65. AB - Prior work on early retirement has given inadequate attention to differences by gender and race in the influences of health and pension on the decision to leave the labor force before 65. A study of previously or currently employed black and white men and women aged 60 to 64 reveals that white males were most likely to be retired and black women the least. Bivariate analysis showed that activity limitations and the presence of chronic health conditions were related to early retirement for men, but not for women. Analysis of women by race showed that while white women who assessed their health as poor were likely to be retired, black women in poor health were apt to be still working. Pension coverage was unrelated to early retirement for both genders. Logistic regression was used to analyze the simultaneous effects of health, pension and race on men's and women's decisions to leave the labor force early, with other variables controlled. The results led to the conclusion that different motivations toward early retirement apply to women and men, and blacks as compared to whites. PMID- 3502922 TI - Attitudes of health care personnel toward demented patients. AB - Health care personnel (n = 724) working in psychogeriatric care, somatic and psychiatric long-term care, somatic and psychiatric general care and in homes for the aged, were interviewed by means of questionnaires evaluating attitudes and intentions regarding work with demented patients and education in their care. The overall attitude towards demented patients was positive. The largest numbers of personnel with positive attitudes were found in psychogeriatric care and somatic long-term care and the lowest in general medical and psychiatric care. The figure for positive attitudes in relation to education showed a similar figure for all categories. Given a free choice only 4% of the respondents had the intention of working solely with demented patients. A majority of the respondents reported that their knowledge of the care of demented patients came from clinical work. There is a strong need for further education. PMID- 3502923 TI - A modification of the grain count halving method for detailed analysis of cell kinetic parameters. AB - A modification of the conventional grain count halving (GCH) method is presented. By determining the decrease of the mean grain number of all interphase cells in addition to that of all labelled interphase cells on the same autoradiographs, the potential doubling time Tpot (or the cell production rate kp) can be obtained in one and the same experiment. Thus the modified GCH method provides not only the cycle time of the cell population studied but also the growth fraction and, with additional cytofluorometric measurements, the duration of all cycle phases. By evaluating the cell production rate and the growth fraction this method leads to more reliable cell kinetic data of experimental tumours and human tumours growing in nude mice. In contrast to other cell kinetic methods, the modified GCH method can also be applied in special cases to human tumours in vivo, since only few points of measurement are needed. A comparison of the cell kinetic results obtained by the modified GCH method with those derived from the fraction of labelled mitoses method, both applied to allotransplants of the adenocarcinoma EO 771 in nude mice, shows good agreement. PMID- 3502924 TI - Oscillations in blood cells as a consequence of suppressed bone marrow cell production. AB - A hypothesis is proposed that the oscillations in blood cell numbers are the result of suppressed productivity of the bone marrow and its ability to satisfy both the demands of the erythroid and myeloid cell lines. The hypothesis is used as the basis for a mathematical model which describes the oscillations in all subpopulations of these cell lines. The relationship between the period and amplitude of the oscillations and the extent of suppression of the bone marrow productivity have been explored. PMID- 3502925 TI - The kinetics of pre-antral follicle development in ovaries of CBA/Ca mice during the first 14 weeks of life. AB - The kinetics of ovarian follicle growth and death have been estimated in virgin inbred mice using a compartmental model and data obtained from differential follicle counts in histologically sectioned ovaries. The results showed that both growth and death rates are dependent on stage of development, defined by the compartments, and age, indicated in the model by step functions with transitions at 20 and 60 days of age. During the initial phase of postnatal ovarian development, large numbers of follicles disappeared from the non-growing reserve as a result of the combined effects of follicle death and recruitment into the growing population. The reduced death rate after 20 days led to a secondary peak in the numbers of follicles at intermediate stages. In contrast to these fluctuations, the number of large follicles, including pre-ovulatory types, were remarkably constant after this age and the rate of outflow stabilized at two to three follicles per day after an initially high value. This rate is sufficient for the normal ovulation rate in a 4-day oestrous cycle with a small surplus of follicles undergoing atresia. The rates of migration through successive stages of development decreased during ageing as large follicles began to emerge at the approach of puberty: this result may indicate that the recruitment of small growing follicles is influenced by a feedback effect. PMID- 3502926 TI - Psoriasis: hyperproliferation cannot induce characteristic epidermal morphology. AB - A mathematical model of cell renewal in epidermis is proposed for describing how psoriatic lesions might develop, based on available cell kinetic data for normal and psoriatic epidermis. Our simulations clearly demonstrate that an increase in the turnover rate in the germinative cell population cannot alone induce the typical psoriatic tissue architecture (i.e. increased number of germinative cells). Two perturbations are needed to account for the morphology of clinically stable psoriatic lesions. The first corresponds to a temporary disturbance of the steady state of the germinative layer, resulting in limited growth of this compartment; the second perturbation corresponds to a reduction in transit time in the differentiated compartment. Moreover, our simulation, based on a widely accepted hypothesis of homeostatic control of tissue kinetics, demonstrates that the primary cause of typical psoriatic morphology is probably an alteration in epidermal maturation. In this view, depletion of differentiated cells at the surface is the stimulus for the increased cell production rate in the germinative population. PMID- 3502927 TI - Induction of differentiation in mouse erythroleukaemia cells by the action of papain at the cell surface. AB - The addition of one of several proteases to cultures of mouse erythroleukaemia (MEL) or human K-562 leukaemia cells can induce a substantial portion of the cells to undergo erythroid differentiation. This effect is due, at least in part, to the proteolytic action of these enzymes. The critical substrate(s) for this proteolytic action is not a component of the medium or a long-lived substance(s) released from the cells. In order to determine if the substrate(s) is located on the cell surface or intracellularly, a comparison of the ability of non immobilized papain and immobilized papain (i.e. covalently linked to Sepharose beads which were larger than the cells) to induce MEL cell differentiation was undertaken. Both papain preparations induced the same level of differentiation. The proteolytic activity of the bead-linked papain remained associated with the beads. Therefore, proteases induce erythroid differentiation in these cells by acting proteolytically on a substrate(s) that is exterior to the cell. PMID- 3502928 TI - Evidence for arrested G2 cell subpopulation in rat liver inducible to mitosis. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of several substances (biliverdin, heat-killed bacteria and diatomaceous earth) to rats caused the prompt appearance of a mitotic wave in the liver. Autoradiographic analysis of livers of treated animals showed no evidence of [3H]-thymidine uptake by mitotic hepatocytes. In addition, livers from xenobiotic-treated rats showed a very low thymidine kinase activity, close to that found in normal livers. This excludes the possibility that non cycling cells move to mitosis through the S phase. The results suggest that mitosis could be derived from a hepatocyte subpopulation arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, which is stimulated to divide by the xenobiotics. PMID- 3502929 TI - Cycle reset in a melanoma cell line caused by cooling. AB - When cells in culture are released from G0 into cycle by diluting into fresh medium there is a delay of many hours before they re-enter the cycle and start DNA synthesis. A mouse melanoma cell line designated HP2 has been used to investigate the effects of non-standard temperatures between the time of plating and DNA synthesis. When the cells were incubated in a 5% CO2 box at 8 degrees C for periods during the G0-G1 transition there was an extra delay before the start of S, approximately equal to the time that the cells were held at 8 degrees C and independent of the time when the cold pulse was administered. When the cells were cooled to 25 degrees C the delay was longer than the time for which the cells had been kept at 25 degrees C, and this extra delay was also dependent on the point in G0-G1 when the cells were cooled, as though the cells could be reset to an earlier time by this treatment. It is suggested that a labile substance required for progression is destroyed faster than it is made at 25 degrees C but at 8 degrees C the rate of destruction is very low. Another phenomenon noted during these cooling experiments was that the peak height of the S phase profile, as measured by frequent pulse-thymidine incorporation experiments, was substantially higher for cells which had been cooled at a later stage in the G0-G1 transition, even though the overall times at 37 degrees C and at the colder temperature were identical. By varying the temperature of the cold pulse it was possible to separate the change in the peak height and the delay as separate entities. PMID- 3502930 TI - Analysis of the growth kinetics of murine erythroleukaemia cells following commitment to terminal differentiation. AB - Differentiation of murine erythroleukaemia cells by various inducers involves a step of irreversible commitment, after which the presence of the inducer is not required for completion of the process. Some cells become partially committed and give rise to differentiated as well as undifferentiated progeny. Commitment occurs asynchronously; under suboptimal inducing conditions, such as low concentration of inducer or short duration of exposure, both committed and uncommitted cells co-exist. In the present study the growth of these subpopulations was compared. Murine erythroleukaemia cells were exposed to the inducer hexamethylene-bisacetamide for 24 hr, then the inducer was removed by washing and the rate of proliferation of committed and uncommitted cells was measured. Commitment was scored by cloning the cells in inducer-free semi-solid medium and determining the cellular composition of the colonies with respect to haemoglobin content. The results indicated that following removal of the inducer the rate of proliferation was retarded similarly for both committed and uncommitted cells. Partially committed cells disappeared rapidly due to assymetrical cell division into fully committed and uncommitted cells. Both committed and uncommitted cells resumed logarithmic growth at 53 hr, but while uncommitted cells continued this pace until saturation was achieved, committed cells stopped multiplying earlier as a result of terminal differentiation. PMID- 3502932 TI - Proceedings of the Cell Kinetics Society, eleventh annual meeting. 26-28 March 1987, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Abstracts. PMID- 3502931 TI - Cell kinetics and longitudinal bone growth in birds. AB - The theory that links cell division in epiphyseal cartilage plates to overall growth of long bones has been extended from linear growth systems to those in which proliferating and hypertrophied cells are not arranged in columns. Consideration has also been given to the analysis of non-parallel growth systems. The theory is illustrated by examples from the growth of chicken bones. PMID- 3502933 TI - Premature menopause. PMID- 3502934 TI - Hidden psychiatric morbidity. Part I: A study of prevalence in an out-patient population at Bindura Provincial Hospital. PMID- 3502936 TI - Proprietary paracetamol preparations--comparison of in vitro bioavailability. PMID- 3502935 TI - Implications of the rising incidence of appendicitis in Africans. PMID- 3502937 TI - Quality in general practice, Czech style. PMID- 3502939 TI - Asthma admissions to intensive care: a five year study. PMID- 3502938 TI - Hidden psychiatric morbidity. Part II: Training health care workers in detection: a pre- and post-study at Karanda Mission Hospital. PMID- 3502940 TI - Gaucher's disease in Zimbabwe. PMID- 3502941 TI - Prolapse of urethral mucosa in female children. PMID- 3502943 TI - Neomycin resistance as a dominantly selectable marker for transformation of the zygomycete Absidia glauca. AB - A plasmid (pAmN61) containing the NPT II structural gene (neomycin phosphotransferase) fused to the N-terminal region of a homologous actin gene was used for the transformation of Absidia glauca protoplasts. Neomycin resistant transformants could be selected for on complete medium containing 1.2 mg/ml neomycin sulfate. The physical presence of plasmid DNA in Absidia glauca was demonstrated by retransformation into Escherichia coli and by Southern blot analysis. No integration of plasmid DNA at either one of the two actin loci was observed; Southern blot experiments provide evidence that pAmN61 is autonomously replicated in Absidia glauca. PMID- 3502944 TI - [Alport's syndrome in Eastern Slovakia]. PMID- 3502942 TI - Sequence of the bifunctional ade1 gene in the purine biosynthetic pathway of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The ade1 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a bifunctional polypeptide with glycinamide ribotide synthetase (GARSase) and aminoimidazole ribotide synthetase (AIRSase) enzyme activities. These enzyme activities carry out the 2nd and 5th steps, respectively, of the purine synthetic pathway. We report the cloning of the ade1 gene on a 4.4 kb Sau3A insert in the yeast shuttle vector pWH5. Integration of this genomic insert at or near the ade1 locus and its ability to complement, by transformation, three different types of ade1 mutants proved that it contains the ade1 chromosomal gene. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of this insert revealed the presence of an uninterrupted open reading frame of 2,367 pb. This sequence, and the predicted 789 amino acid sequence encoded, both show a high degree of homology with the functionally equivalent ade5,7 gene sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (approx. 60% overall in both cases) and Gart gene sequences of Drosophila melanogaster. The size of the ade1 RNA transcript is about 2.7 kb. PMID- 3502945 TI - [The genetics of Alport's syndrome]. PMID- 3502946 TI - [New findings on prune belly syndrome (pathogenic relation to Potter's syndrome)]. PMID- 3502947 TI - [Clinico-neurologic sequelae of hypoglycemia]. PMID- 3502948 TI - [Modern views on the pathogenesis of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. PMID- 3502949 TI - [Bronchial asthma--factors characterizing a severe course and signaling an adverse development in the disease]. PMID- 3502950 TI - [Intravenous administration of antibiotics in the treatment of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 3502951 TI - [The tethered cord syndrome]. PMID- 3502952 TI - [The development of aortic aneurysms in patients with aortic coarctation]. PMID- 3502953 TI - [The Ullrich-Noonan syndrome in 3 generations]. PMID- 3502954 TI - [Experience with rescreening for congenital hypothyroidism in Eastern Slovakia]. PMID- 3502955 TI - [Individual preventive examinations of school-age children accompanied by their parents]. PMID- 3502956 TI - [Search and retrieval of scientific and medical information]. PMID- 3502957 TI - [Possibilities of scintigraphy in the early diagnosis of fracture of the scaphoid bone in the hand]. PMID- 3502958 TI - [Personal experience with iopamidol (Iopamiro) in angiographic and arthrographic diagnosis]. PMID- 3502959 TI - [Disorders of heart rhythm diagnosed by cardiac stimulation]. PMID- 3502960 TI - [A balloon catheter with a calibrated leak: principles of construction and experimental use]. PMID- 3502961 TI - [Radiotherapy using the total lymphatic irradiation technic as the primary treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 3502962 TI - [Modification of the abscopal effect of gamma irradiation of the head using cystamine in mice]. PMID- 3502963 TI - [Scintigraphy of neoplastic processes in the liver using tumor-trophic radiopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 3502964 TI - Ovarian teratocarcinomas in LT/Sv mice carrying t-mutations. AB - Ovarian teratomas that result from parthenogenetic activation of oocytes provide a double tool for developmental genetics. First, they provide a way of measuring recombination between a gene and its centromere. Second, in the absence of crossing over there is the potential of producing tumors that are homozygous for genes that would be lethal in the course of in utero embryonic development. We have applied both aspects to several t-haplotypes containing different early acting t-lethal genes. In a study of 26 tumors, genotyped by Southern blot analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), we measured the distance between the centromere and the start of the t-complex as 5.6 +/- 2.3 cM. We found a marked deficiency of t-homozygous genotypes among the tumors we studied, although T/T genotypes formed teratomas at levels comparable to controls. None of the lethal t-haplotypes we studied permit homozygous embryos to develop to the primitive streak stage, while T/T embryos do develop essentially normally through that stage. Thus, although the total number of tumors observed from t-bearing mice was small, the great difference in the incidence of t/t tumors versus the incidence of T/T tumors suggests strongly that the parthenogenetic embryos that convert to teratocarcinomas must first pass through some of the stages of normal early development, including the formation of three germ layers and the primitive streak. PMID- 3502965 TI - Beta-glucuronidase activity is present in the microscopic epididymis of the Tfm/Y mouse. AB - The sex-linked recessive gene Tfm in the mouse produces a condition of testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity syndrome, AIS) in hemizygotes, comparable to the condition of the same name in humans. The murine mutant was originally believed to have no derivatives of the mesonephric duct system (MDS), and this absence was ascribed to dependence of these derivatives on androgens for survival. However, microscopical epididymides, retia testes, and vasa deferentia were identified in these animals in our laboratory. These micro-organs may play a role in meiosis induction in Tfm/Y animals. The present study was designed to determine whether survival of these organs is due to retention of an ability to respond to androgens, or whether they are unique amongst MDS derivatives in being independent of androgens. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (beta G) is androgen sensitive in the epididymis of the normal mouse. In the present investigation we used this enzyme as a marker to study androgen sensitivity in the microscopical epididymides of Tfm/Y hemizygotes and in the epididymides of control +/Y litter-mate brothers. Both mutant and control animals were studied with and without exogenous androgen stimulation. Tfm/Y hemizygotes demonstrated low levels of diffuse, cytoplasmic beta G activity that appears to be unresponsive to exogenous androgen stimulation. In light of our previous studies, this distribution of beta G reaction products suggests some degree of androgen sensitivity. The survival of these micro-organs and their partial androgen sensitivity may be related to the role of the MDS in inducing meiosis. PMID- 3502966 TI - Nonreciprocal gonadal dysgenesis in Chironomus thummi hybrids: temperature sensitivity of female sterility. AB - In nonreciprocal hybrids of Chironomus thummi an environmental factor has been detected which, along with genetic factors, determines gonadal dysgenesis. Female hybrids of the cross Ch' thummi thummi female female x Ch. thummi piger male male show various degrees of rudimentary developed ovaries and sterility. The extent of these abnormalities is dependent on the developmental temperature of the hybrids. At a temperature of 21 degrees C approximately 90% of the females are completely sterile and at 16 degrees C only 30%. The curative effect of a temperature of 16 degrees C on sterility occurs, however, only in those hybrid females which hatch from a specific type of egg mass (class A). Females of another type of egg mass (class B) show nearly as many dysgenic ovaries as do those developed at 21 degrees C. At a developmental temperature of 21 degrees C no such differentiation between the A and B class of egg masses is possible. Ovarian dysgenesis and sterility is induced during a temperature-sensitive period which extends from the beginning of embryonic development through the first two thirds of the first larva instar stage. The abnormalities observed must be due to a failure in the early development of the germ line and are probably initiated by an inhibition of primordial germ cell divisions. PMID- 3502967 TI - Description of an embryonic lethal gene, l(5)-1, linked to Wsh. AB - A recessive lethal mutant linked to Wsh causes the death of homozygous embryos between 4.5 and 5.5 days postcoitum (pc). Histological examination of implantation sites from intercross and backcross matings indicates that homozygotes are not all evident at 4.5 days pc, when embryos have begun to form trophectoderm giant cells and primitive endoderm, but are degenerating by 5.5 days pc, with only a few primary giant cells remaining after this time. The mutants thus form blastocysts that initiate the implantation process but the inner cell mass and polar trophectoderm fail to develop further. In vitro examination and culture of blastocysts indicated that the mutant homozygotes hatch from the zona pellucida and outgrow, although they do so somewhat more slowly than normal embryos. After 3 days of culture, the inner cell masses of mutant outgrowths may be smaller than normal. Since the gene has no known heterozygous effect and the primary gene function remains unknown, the mutant has been given the provisional symbol l(5)-1 for the first lethal on chromosome 5. PMID- 3502968 TI - Differential riboflavin deposition in white and variegated white mutants of Drosophila hydei. AB - Riboflavin deposition in organs of Drosophila hydei was studied by means of a growth test using a riboflavin-deficient strain of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. In wild-type animals, riboflavin is deposited in Malpighian tubules (MT) and testes but not in adult eyes. Certain white (w) mutants do not contain riboflavin, whereas intermediately colored w mutants contain minor amounts of the substance. Riboflavin-containing MT cells contain special globules that can be fixed and stained with the redox dye phenazine-methosulphate. The number and size of these granules is related to growth effect and point to a role of the w locus in the intracellular deposition of riboflavin in special organs. In white-mottled (wm) position-effect variegation mutants, a significant correlation was found between the extent of variegation (percentage of yellow cells) and riboflavin content (growth effect) of the MT. However, the individual variation of cell phenotype was extremely large and exaggerated types were observed indicating "overdominance" of the rearranged w+ gene. This contradicts an unsubstantiated dogma of position-effect variegation that assumes that the affected gene simply switches between the on and off state, as is discussed. PMID- 3502969 TI - Induction of gastrulation in the chick embryo. AB - Interaction between the epiblast and the primary hypoblast in chick blastula results in induction of the primitive streak (PS) in the epiblast. Alpha amanitin, a specific inhibitor of poly A-containing RNA synthesis, inhibits formation of the definitive PS. This inhibition is associated with qualitative changes in the pattern of protein synthesis in the hypoblast but not in the epiblast. The protein pattern of the component areas of the epiblast shows increase in some polypeptides after treatment with alpha-amanitin. By contrast, alpha-amanitin resulted in a decrease in synthesis of several polypeptides, which are either undetectable or weakly present in the hypoblast. The alpha-amanitin sensitive translational products of the embryonic genome that are observed in the hypoblast may have specific functions in the control of PS induction and stabilization. PMID- 3502970 TI - Murine "housekeeping" enzyme (genetic locus: Idh-1) is regulated in an allele specific manner. AB - The murine "housekeeping" enzyme, cytosolic NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.42) (genetic locus: Idh-1), exhibited a complex pattern of allele specific expression. Protein electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate gels and determination of relative enzymatic activity by means of densitometry revealed that in heart tissue (but not liver tissue) of certain hybrid crosses the AA homodimer was underrepresented relative to total enzymatic activity, and the degree of underrepresentation changed during development. In mixtures of homozygous tissue extracts of heart tissue (but not liver tissue) the AA homodimer was underrepresented relative to the BB-homodimer. Relative activity of allelic isozymes varied as a function of tissue (heart versus liver), age, and the parental source of the Idh-1 alpha allele, but did not vary as a function of sex. Allele-specific expression was also exhibited in kidney tissue of the same animals. In adult male kidney tissue extracts from heterozygotes, the AA homodimer was underrepresented relative to total enzymatic activity; in adult female kidney tissue extracts from heterozygotes, a more codominant phenotype was observed. Tissue extracts from immature hybrid animals exhibited a phenotype midway between the adult male and adult female phenotypes. Tissue extracts from castrated males exhibited a phenotype equivalent to that seen in females. Relative activity of allelic isozymes in kidney varied as a function of age and sex, but did not vary as a function of the parental source of the Idh-1 alpha allele. While cytosolic NADP-IDH is a "housekeeping" enzyme, expressed in multiple tissues of the mouse, differences in the relative intensities of allelic isozyme bands provide evidence for tissue- and stage-specific regulatory variation. PMID- 3502971 TI - Expression of the differentiation antigen F7D6 in tumorous tissues of Drosophila. AB - The 63-kDa antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody F7D6 is present in all Drosophila embryonic cells and disappears from most tissues as each one reaches its final, differentiated state. Larval tissues lose the antigen around the time of hatching, imaginal tissues lose it during metamorphosis, and germ cells lose it during gametogenesis (Bedian et al: Devel Biol 115:105-118, 1986). The nervous system and spontaneously contracting musculature of the gut and gonads are exceptions and remain antigen positive at all stages. The F7D6 antigen appears to be associated with dividing, undifferentiated cells and electrogenic cells. This prompted us to test tumors for antigen presence. We tested four different recessive mutants that give rise to four different types of tumorous transformation: the embryonic tumor Notch, several larval melanotic tumors, the imaginal disc tumor 1(2)gl, and three alleles of the ovarian tumor otu. In all cases, tumorous tissues in homozygotes contained the F7D6 antigen. The electrophoretic mobility of the antigen appeared to be unaltered in tumorous tissues compared to normal cells, but the antigen is expressed at higher levels. The antigen is found on the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membranes and appears to be a marker of undifferentiated normal and tumorous cells. Similarities and differences between the F7D6 antigen and Drosophila c-src protein are discussed. PMID- 3502972 TI - Mammalian developmental genetics. PMID- 3502974 TI - Testes of XX in equilibrium with XY chimeric mice develop from fetal ovotestes. AB - The majority of XX in equilibrium with XY chimeric mice develop into fertile males. The sexual differentiation of the gonads in these animals has been examined on days 12-14 postocoitum to determine if their development parallels that of normal testes. It was found that 50% of chimeric fetuses, the proportion predicted to be XX in equilibrium with XY, had neither normal testes nor ovaries. Instead, ovotestes were present, with varying proportions of presumptive ovarian and testicular tissue. On day 12 the ovotestes were organized with testicular tissue in the central region and ovarian tissue at the craniad and/or caudad poles. In the more advanced fetuses there was evidence of regression of the ovarian portion, which would account for the testes found in adults. These results are discussed in light of current theories of sex determination and differentiation and what was previously known about gonads of sex mosaics. PMID- 3502973 TI - Tissue-specific and developmental expression of human transthyretin gene in transgenic mice. AB - To analyze the regulation of transthyretin gene expression we have produced transgenic mice by microinjecting cloned human transthyretin genes into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 mice. The 7.6-kilobase (kb) human transthyretin gene containing about 500 base pairs (bp) in the upstream region was used for microinjection. Seven out of nine transgenic mice had detectable amounts of human transthyretin in serum when analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transthyretin mRNA was detected in liver and yolk sac but not in other tissues including brain. The amount of mRNA was variable among transgenic mice and was about one-tenth of mouse endogenous transthyretin mRNA. Human and mouse transthyretin mRNAs were detected in liver of fetus and yolk sac at 13 days of gestation and unlike yolk sac the level of mRNA in liver increased gradually during development and reached the maximum at around 17 days of gestation. Human transthyretin was associated with mouse transthyretin to form tetramers as judged from the dilution curve of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the spur formation in Ouchterlony assay. PMID- 3502975 TI - Comparative gene mapping: a valuable new tool for mammalian developmental studies. AB - Technological advances in the 1970s encouraged the mapping of homologous gene loci in different mammalian species, including mouse and man. One hundred eighty five homologous loci have now been mapped in these two species. Conservation of linkage is sufficient to identify substantial segments of the two genomes that have been left intact since their divergence from a common ancestor. The recognition of these conserved segments allows experimental manipulation of mouse chromosomes or chromosomal regions to produce models of human chromosomal anomalies of medical importance. Comparative gene mapping has been extended beyond mouse and man and the genomes of some species, including domestic cattle, appear to be more highly conserved relative to humans than the mouse. Such species may be particularly useful in providing models of human chromosomal anomalies that cannot be duplicated in laboratory mice. PMID- 3502977 TI - Plant molecular developmental genetics. PMID- 3502976 TI - Cloning and developmental regulation of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein in swine. AB - A cDNA clone of porcine alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AGP) has been isolated and sequenced. Sequence homologies between porcine, human, and rat indicate that porcine alpha 1AGP is similar in structure to the rat and human proteins. RNA blots from days 40, 60, 80, and 110 fetal, newborn, and adult livers showed that alpha 1AGP mRNA is relatively abundant throughout fetal development, particularly at the later stages and in the newborn; there is a rapid decline in abundance following birth. From birth to 3 days of age, there is a three- to four-fold decline in abundance, and alpha 1AGP mRNA is approximately 100 times less abundant in the adult liver than in that of perinatal pigs. Southern blots showed that alpha 1AGP is probably a single-copy gene. The isolation of a cloned cDNA for porcine alpha 1AGP provides a tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the developmental regulation of the gene and to correlate changes in gene expression during development with fetal growth and well being. PMID- 3502978 TI - The relative abundances of specific RNA sequences can be used to classify the myeloid leukaemias. AB - The relative concentrations of pCG14 RNA (a myelocyte-specific mRNA), pAM6 RNA (a monocyte-lineage specific marker), and c-myc RNA (present at higher concentrations in more primitive cells) were measured in the RNAs from peripheral blood leucocytes from leukaemic samples and normal individuals. The potential of differences in the relative abundances of these three RNAs in a series of 34 leukaemias was assessed as a means of distinguishing among the myeloid leukaemias. The chronic phase CGL samples were clustered with a high pCG14 RNA, a medium to low c-myc RNA abundance, and a variable pAM6 RNA level. The ANLL samples could be distinguished from the chronic phase CGL by virtue of different relative abundances of these RNAs: low pCG14, medium to high c-myc and a variable pAM6. The acute phase CGL samples showed a variety of relative RNA abundances with some samples sited within the ANLL region. Using samples obtained during the progression of CGL we have shown a shift in the relative abundances of these RNAs from the CGL region towards the ANLL region, and have suggested that the use of these parameters may allow the progression to acute phase to be monitored and, possibly, predicted. PMID- 3502979 TI - Cell-mediated immunological status and association of genetic markers in hereditary cerebellar ataxia. AB - Sixteen unrelated patients with hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA) were studied for genetic association with HLA and sixteen other genetic markers. Cell mediated immunological status of these patients was also studied by in vitro lymphocyte transformation tests. HLA typing was done in five three-generation families of patients with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA). Linkage between HLA and ADCA loci was analysed using LIPED. Negative lod scores were observed in all five families. This lack of evidence for linkage between the HLA and ADCA loci is attributed to genetic heterogeneity of the disease in the families studied. No significant deviation was found in lymphocyte function to mitogen/antigen stimulation. A possible association of B12 (B44) antigen with ADCA is suggested. PMID- 3502980 TI - MHC supratypes as markers of null and defective C4 alleles in a Thai/Chinese population: relevance to disease susceptibility. AB - Deficiency alleles at the C4 loci within the MHC are associated with autoimmune diseases in Caucasoids and possibly other races. We therefore studied the relationship between relevant C4 alleles and other MHC markers in a random Thai/Chinese population. Over 90 per cent of C4AQO occurs within two supratypes (HLA Aw33, B44, C4AQO, B1, BfS, DR7 and Aw33, B17, C4AQO, B1, BfF DR x where x is an unassigned DR antigen). These two supratypes have minimum population frequencies of 6 and 3 per cent, respectively. Almost 70 per cent of C4BQO is contained within the supratype HLA Aw33 (11), B17, C4A3, BQO, BfS, DR3. At least 8 per cent of the Thai/Chinese population bear this supratype. Essentially all subjects with C4A6 also have HLA A1, B17, C4B1, BfS, and DR7. Approximately 6 per cent of Thai/Chinese have this supratype which is also found in Caucasoids. Partial C4 deficiency is common in Thai/Chinese as well as Caucasoids, can be inferred from examination of HLA phenotypes and may contribute to susceptibility to some diseases. PMID- 3502982 TI - Significant progress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 3502981 TI - Serum enzyme and ferritin concentrations in acute leukaemia. AB - Serum ferritin concentrations were determined in 142 untreated cases of acute leukaemia. No correlation between type of leukaemia as defined by morphology and immunology and the level of serum ferritin was found. Samples were also tested for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), B-glucuronidase (B-gluc), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Serum ferritin was significantly correlated with serum PHI, LAP, and LDH concentrations but not with leukaemic mass as assessed by total white blood cell count (WBC). Ferritin and CRP levels were also significantly correlated suggesting that ferritin may behave to some extent like an acute phase reactant in acute leukaemia. PMID- 3502984 TI - AIDS medical update. Special edition: pediatric AIDS. PMID- 3502983 TI - Novel approaches for cloning human genes: the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). PMID- 3502985 TI - Tumor antigen TA-4: an aid in detecting post-operative recurrences of esophageal carcinoma. AB - Radioimmunoassay for serum TA-4 was performed in 35 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The results were positive in 13 of 35 patients (37.1 per cent) in whom squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was present at the time of assay. Preoperatively, undetectable TA-4 levels in patients with esophageal carcinoma suggested localized tumor and a good prognosis, whereas, strongly positive TA-4 levels correlated with extensive tumors and a poor prognosis. Postoperatively, a positive result for TA-4 levels indicated the presence of a residual tumor. Negative TA-4 levels, however, did not exclude a residual tumor. Therefore, assessment of periodic TA-4 levels in patients who have undergone resection of esophageal carcinoma may lead to detection of a tumor recurrence. PMID- 3502986 TI - C3 alleles in diseases associated with C3 activation. AB - C3 genetic polymorphism was examined by immunofixation electrophoresis in 100 healthy controls and in patients with three diseases in which this complement protein appears to be involved pathogenically (IgA nephropathy 31; membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 33; systemic lupus erythematosus 30). C3*S (0.80) and C3*F (0.20) frequencies in controls were similar to those published in the literature, as were the frequencies of the C3 phenotypes C3S (0.65), C3SF (0.29), and C3F (0.06). No patient group had frequencies which differed significantly from controls. Thus, the previously reported association between C3*F and IgA nephropathy was not confirmed, and no relationships between C3 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis were recognized. PMID- 3502987 TI - HLA associations in an Arab type 1 diabetic population. AB - We have studied HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ antigen frequencies in 63 Type 1 diabetic Arab patients resident in Kuwait. Both HLA-DR3 (relative risk (RR) = 5.80) and -DR4 (RR = 2.87) showed positive associations with Type I diabetes mellitus in these patients whilst -DR2 (RR 0.16) and -DR5 (RR = 0.15) were negatively associated. The strong positive association with both HLA-DR3 and -DR4 was confirmed in Non-Gulf Arabs (RR = 12.55 and 4.29, respectively) whereas the Gulf Arabs had a significant positive association with HLA-DR3 (RR = 4.41) only. The disease was negatively associated with HLA-DR2 (RR = 0.05) in Gulf Arab patients only and with HLA-DR5 (RR = 0.10) in Non-Gulf Arabs only. HLA-DRw52 and DRw53 were increased in Non-Gulf Arabs only (RR = 3.14 and 4.63, respectively). In both groups there was strong association with HLA-DQ3 (Gulf, RR = 28.11; Non Gulf, RR = 6.25). Amongst HLA-A, -B, and -C loci, there was a positive association with HLA-B8 (RR = 19.06). PMID- 3502988 TI - Polymorphism of human immunoglobulin VH genes: a possible marker of autoimmune disease. AB - Human DNA from 11 individuals was analysed by Southern blot for the immunoglobulin genes coding for the heavy chain variable region (VH). The analysis included two probes detecting the genes of subgroup VHII and VHIII. The VH genes pattern shows very little polymorphism whereas the VHIII genes showed a significant polymorphism. When DNA from four patients with Graves' disease was analysed, a VH band was found in DNA of all patients analysed, and of 50 per cent of SLE patients, whereas only 36 per cent of healthy people contained this VH band. This may serve as a new tool to study genetic markers of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 3502989 TI - Genetic linkage studies of ataxia-telangiectasia: phenotypic blood markers. AB - We have tested thirty-two phenotypic blood markers on sixteen families with with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) in an attempt to identify the chromosomal location of the AT gene(s). Although at least five complementation groups have been defined, it is not known whether the corresponding AT genes are clustered or dispersed in the genome. Both clustered and dispersed genetic models were considered in linkage analyses. No significant linkages were found. The data exclude approximately 7 per cent of the autosomal genome for a 'clustered' model and 2 per cent of the autosomal genome for a 'dispersed' model. Several genomic areas were identified which warrant further study. PMID- 3502990 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the human myeloid-differentiation antigen, 'gp67' (CD-33). AB - This report describes the production and characterization of two new monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), WM-53 and WM-54, reacting with a human myeloid differentiation antigen, which has recently been assigned by the Third International Leucocyte Workshop on Human Differentiation Antigens into cluster CD-33 ('gp67'). To date, only three other MoAb (MY-9, L1B2, L4F3) have been reported to react with this antigen. In peripheral blood, WM-53 and WM-54 were found to bind to monocytes, but failed to react with erythrocytes, platelets and lymphoid cells. WM-54 was also faintly reactive with granulocytes. Myeloid 'specificity' was also observed with leukaemias as both WM-53 and WM-54 were reactive with most cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but with only a minority of lymphoid leukaemias. Fluorescence activated cell sorting of normal bone marrow cells demonstrated that both MoAb bound to the majority of CFUgm and CFUmix progenitor cells. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that these MoAb, in parallel with MY-9, bound to a protein of approximately 70 KD molecular weight, together with a previously undescribed higher molecular weight component of approximately 140 KD on non-reduced gels, possibly representing a disulphide linked dimer of the lower molecular weight protein. Competitive binding assays, using MoAb WM-53 and WM-54 as well as MY-9, L1B2, and L4F3, demonstrated that all five CD-33 MoAb are capable of competing with each other for binding onto HL-60 cells, suggesting that all recognize a single epitopic site on 'gp67'. PMID- 3502991 TI - Ontogenic expression of a CyI actin fusion gene injected into sea urchin eggs. AB - The 5' terminus of the CyI actin gene transcription unit of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus was located by primer extension and other procedures, and the flanking upstream region was partially sequenced and mapped. A fusion gene was constructed containing about 2.5 kb of 5' flanking sequence, the transcribed leader sequence, and the first few codons of the CyI gene ligated to the bacterial gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). This was micro-injected into the cytoplasm of S. purpuratus eggs, and CAT enzyme activity was measured at various stages of embryonic development. CAT synthesis was activated between 10 and 14 h postfertilization, the same time at which newly synthesized transcripts of the endogenous CyI gene first appear. The exogenous CyI.CAT fusion DNA replicated actively during cleavage, as observed previously for other DNAs injected into sea urchin egg cytoplasm. Thus the absence of CAT activity prior to 10 h postfertilization could not be due to insufficient CyI.CAT genes. The amounts of CAT enzyme produced by embryos bearing CyI.CAT deletions that lack various regions of the CyI sequence were measured. As little as 254 nucleotides of upstream CyI sequence suffice for correct temporal activation of the fusion construct, although the level of CAT enzyme produced in embryos bearing any deletion retaining less than 850 nucleotides of upstream sequence was significantly lowered compared to controls bearing the complete CyI.CAT fusion construct. PMID- 3502992 TI - Reduced gap junctional communication is associated with the lethal condition characteristic of DDK mouse eggs fertilized by foreign sperm. AB - Communication through gap junctions was examined in 8-cell zygotes generated by fertilization of eggs of the DDK inbred strain of mice with spermatozoa of the C3H strain. These zygotes spontaneously begin to extrude cells at the late 16 cell stage and 95% die by the blastocyst stage. The transfer of Lucifer Yellow between cells of DDK/C3H zygotes that had not yet begun to express the defect was significantly slower than in DDK/DDK controls or in controls from other strains. Treatment with the weak base methylamine, to raise intracellular pH, speeded the transfer of Lucifer in all strains; transfer between cells of DDK/C3H zygotes became as fast as that between cells of control zygotes. DDK/C3H zygotes cultured in methylamine either from the 4- to 8-cell stage to the early 16-cell stage (19h) or from the early to the late 16-cell stage (6 h) showed significant rescue to the blastocyst stage. Once spontaneous decompaction of cells from DDK/C3H zygotes had begun (the late 16-cell stage onwards) methylamine treatment was no longer able to bring about rescue. We conclude that zygotes developed from eggs of the DDK strain fertilized by foreign spermatozoa are characterized physiologically by defective gap junctional communication. Improving gap junctional communication is sufficient to allow many zygotes to maintain the compacted state, suggesting a link between compaction and communication through gap junctions. PMID- 3502993 TI - Posterior apical ectodermal ridge removal in the chick wing bud triggers a series of events resulting in defective anterior pattern formation. AB - The ability of the anterior apical ectodermal ridge to promote outgrowth in the chick wing bud when disconnected from posterior apical ridge was examined by rotating the posterior portion of the stage-19/20 to stage-21 wing bud around its anteroposterior axis. This permitted contact between the anterior and posterior mesoderm, without removing wing bud tissue. In a small but significant number of cases (10/54), anterior structures (digit 2) formed spatially isolated from posterior structures (digits 3 and 4). Thus, continuity with posterior ridge is not a prerequisite for anterior-ridge function in the wing bud. Nevertheless, posterior-ridge removal does result in anterior limb truncation. To investigate events leading to anterior truncation, we examined cell death patterns in the wing bud following posterior-ridge removal. We observed an abnormal area of necrosis along the posterior border of the wing bud at 6-12 h following posterior ridge removal. This was followed by necrosis in the distal, anterior mesoderm at 48 h postoperatively and subsequent anterior truncation. Clearly, healthy posterior limb bud mesoderm is needed for anterior limb bud survival and development. We propose that anterior truncation is the direct result of anterior mesodermal cell death and that this may not be related to positional specification of anterior cells. In our view, cell death of anterior mesoderm, after posterior mesoderm removal, should not be used as evidence for a role in position specification by the polarizing zone during the limb bud stages of development. We suggest that the posterior mesoderm that maintains the anterior mesoderm need not be restricted to the mapped polarizing zone, but is more extensively distributed in the limb bud. PMID- 3502994 TI - Developmental regulation of two microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2 and MAP5) in the embryonic avian retina. AB - Previous studies with the mammalian brain have shown that the expression of a number of neuronal microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) is developmentally regulated. For example, the low-molecular-weight form of MAP2 (MAP2c) is abundant in neonatal rat brains and is less abundant in adults. Similarly, MAP5 levels decrease during postnatal development. Using monoclonal antibodies, we have followed the time of first appearance, cellular distribution, and molecular form of MAP2 and MAP5 during the morphogenesis of the quail retina. MAP2 first appears in ganglion cell bodies and in the axons of the optic fibre layer (OFL) at embryonic day 4 (E4). Anti-MAP2 staining remains restricted to these sites until E10, when staining appears in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). At E14, one day before hatching, anti-MAP2 staining is found in three broad laminae in the IPL, as well as in photosensitive cells. MAP5 is present in ganglion cell axons from the onset of neurite elongation at E3 and is limited to the OFL until E10. The intensity of anti-MAP5 staining in the OFL and optic nerve decreases after E7, which corresponds with a decrease in the number of actively growing ganglion cell axons. By E14, anti-MAP5 stains five layers in the IPL that correspond with layers of amacrine cell process arborizations. Western blots of E10 brain microtubule proteins show that MAP2 is represented by both a 260 x 10(3) Mr protein and a 60-65 x 10(3) Mr protein; the latter is much more abundant. Anti MAP5 recognizes a 320 x 10(3) Mr brain microtubule protein in both the quail and the rat. We conclude that the cellular distribution, developmental regulation and molecular forms of MAP2 and MAP5 are similar in the rat and quail, suggesting that these molecules have conserved and hence fundamental roles in the growth and differentiation of neuronal processes. PMID- 3502995 TI - Corneal morphogenesis in the Mov13 mutant mouse is characterized by normal cellular organization but disordered and thin collagen. AB - This paper compares corneal development in the normal and in the Mov13 mutant mouse homozygote which does not synthesize type I collagen. During the period 12 14 days of development, there is no obvious difference between cellular organization in the normal and the mutant corneas or, indeed, elsewhere in the eye. In particular, there is normal colonization of the mutant cornea by the mesenchymal cells which will form the endothelium and the fibroblasts. In the early stages of stromal deposition (less than 14 days), when relatively little collagen is normally laid down, mutant and wild-type corneas differ only in that mutant collagen fibrils are less uniform than normal ones. Later development in the Mov13 mutant cannot usually be studied because almost all mutant embryos are dead by 14 days, but we now have two homozygous embryos from a single, 16-day litter. Their stromas obviously differed from those of their normal littermates: there was markedly less collagen in the mutant cornea and the collagen that was deposited lacked orthogonal organization. Fibril morphology also differed: the diameters of fibrils in the normal corneas peaked sharply at about 20 nm, whereas the diameters of mutant fibrils were spread over the range 5-15 nm, with only a small percentage overlapping the normal distribution. These results suggest that type I collagen is of negligible importance in controlling the cellular organization of the cornea, but has a dominant role in the formation of normal 20 nm fibrils and of normal stromal organization. They also show that, as collagen production is markedly lower in the mutant than in the wild-type cornea, the production of other collagens cannot compensate in any way for the lack of type I collagen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3502996 TI - Multinucleation during myogenesis of the myotome of Xenopus laevis: a qualitative study. AB - Ultrastructural studies of myogenesis in the myotome of Xenopus laevis reveal that the myotubes developed by stage 33/34 have peripheral myofibrils but are still uninucleate with a single large nucleus. By stage 45, the cytoplasm of the muscle cells is filled with myofibrils and there are many small peripheral nuclei, resulting in multinucleate muscle fibres. With the electron microscope, we have examined myotomes from stages 33/34 to 59 of development and some stages were also investigated by autoradiography. There was no evidence from autoradiographic studies for DNA synthesis in muscle cells, and the increase in the number of myonuclei was accompanied by a decrease in their size. Satellite cells were not seen at the myotube stage but were first seen after the cells had become multinucleate, with many small nuclei close together forming rows. Constrictions were frequently observed in the large single nuclei. It is concluded that division of the myonuclei by amitosis is mainly responsible for the multinucleation that occurs during development of the myotome muscle in Xenopus laevis. PMID- 3502997 TI - Cell-cell interactions modulate the responsiveness of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor. AB - The growth of PC12 cells on a collagen substratum or on monolayers of several non neuronal cell types was studied by measuring nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent increases in the expression of a 150 X 10(3) (Mr) neurofilament protein subunit and the membrane glycoprotein Thy-1. Both responses were found to be greatly suppressed in cultures of fibroblasts as compared to the C2 and G8-1 muscle cell lines and the C6 glioma cell line. This suppression was associated with an inhibition of NGF-dependent neuritic outgrowth from PC12 cells grown on fibroblast monolayers. There was no evidence that fibroblasts secrete soluble molecules that directly inhibit these responses or neutralize NGF. In addition, there was no difference in the neurofilament protein response from PC12 cells that had been treated with NGF prior to coculture, and the now primed PC12 cells readily extended axons over fibroblast monolayers. These data demonstrate that cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions can modulate biochemical responses to NGF and suggest that responsiveness of neuronal cells to environmental cues is not immutable. Control of the latter may be at the level of expression of receptor molecules for cell-surface- or matrix-associated macromolecules and a similar mechanism operating during development could play a role in growth cone guidance. PMID- 3502998 TI - Cell fate, morphogenetic movement and population kinetics of embryonic endoderm at the time of germ layer formation in the mouse. AB - The fate of the embryonic endoderm (generally called visceral embryonic endoderm) of prestreak and early primitive streak stages of the mouse embryo was studied in vitro by microinjecting horseradish peroxidase into single axial endoderm cells of 6.7-day-old embryos and tracing the labelled descendants either through gastrulation (1 day of culture) or to early somite stages (2 days of culture). Descendants of endoderm cells from the anterior half of the axis were found at the extreme cranial end of the embryo after 1 day and in the visceral yolk sac endoderm after 2 days, i.e. they were displaced anteriorly and anterolaterally. Descendants of cells originating over and near the anterior end of the early primitive streak, i.e. posterior to the distal tip of the egg cylinder, were found after 1 day over the entire embryonic axis and after 2 days in the embryonic endoderm at the anterior intestinal portal, in the foregut, along the trunk and postnodally, as well as anteriorly and posteriorly in the visceral yolk sac. Endoderm covering the posterior half of the early primitive streak contributed to postnodal endoderm after 1 day (at the late streak stage) and mainly to posterior visceral yolk sac endoderm after 2 days. Clonal descendants of axial endoderm were located after 2 days either over the embryo or in the yolk sac; the few exceptions spanned the caudal end of the embryo and the posterior yolk sac. The clonal analysis also showed that the endoderm layer along the posterior half of the axis of prestreak- and early-streak-stage embryos is heterogeneous in its germ layer fate. Whereas the germ layer location of descendants from anterior sites did not differ after 1 day from that expected from the initial controls (approx. 90% exclusively in endoderm), only 62% of the successfully injected posterior sites resulted in labelled cells exclusively in endoderm; the remainder contributed partially or entirely to ectoderm and mesoderm. This loss from the endoderm layer was compensated by posterior-derived cells that remained in endoderm having more surviving descendants (8.4 h population doubling time) than did anterior-derived cells (10.5 h population doubling time). There was no indication of cell death at the prestreak and early streak stages; at least 93% of the cells were proliferating and more than half of the total axial population were in, or had completed, a third cell cycle after 22 h culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3502999 TI - Abortion and its associated problems. PMID- 3503000 TI - Limitations of tubal surgery for infertility in the African environment (the Nigerian experience). PMID- 3503001 TI - Menstrual regulation in Nairobi between October 1982 and October 1985. PMID- 3503002 TI - Valvular heart disease as seen at cardiac catheterisation in Kenyatta National Hospital: a retrospective study. PMID- 3503003 TI - The diagnosis of adenomyosis and its frequent misdiagnosis as fibromyoma in a Nigerian community. PMID- 3503004 TI - Uncommon cases of ectopic pregnancy in a rural hospital. PMID- 3503005 TI - Adult tuberculous mediastinal lymphadentitis in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 3503006 TI - Prolapse of four legs in an undiagnosed conjoined thoracoomphalopagus twins: an uncommon presentation. PMID- 3503007 TI - Munchausen's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 3503009 TI - Re: Aplastic anaemia & ketotifen. PMID- 3503008 TI - Re: An appeal letter for pharmacy department development programme. PMID- 3503010 TI - The minimum F-response latency: results from 10,000 stimuli of normal ulnar nerves. PMID- 3503011 TI - Central somatosensory conduction time: a comparison of two methods of calculation. PMID- 3503012 TI - IEMG/force relationships in rapidly contracting human hand muscles. PMID- 3503013 TI - A functional subdivision of the lumbar extensor musculature. Recruitment patterns and force-RA-EMG relationships under isometric conditions. PMID- 3503014 TI - Computerised tomography after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. AB - CT scan early after AAA resection and graft implantation enables the detection of local complications such as extensive haematomas around the implanted graft (25 cases), gas bubbles (7 cases) fluid collections, inflammatory infiltration in the tissue around the graft and compression of organs in the neighbourhood (1 case) to be detected. The possibility of detecting these complications as early as possible allows effective treatment. The addition of CT guided needle biopsy to allow culture of suspicious material makes this a very useful technique. For these reasons routine postoperative CT scanning after aortic aneurysm surgery is recommended. PMID- 3503015 TI - Femoral artery pulse rise time: an objective test for aorto-iliac disease. AB - A method is described for assessing stenosis in the aorto-iliac arterial segment using a hand-held variable capacitance pressure transducer to take objective measurements from the common femoral pulse. The aorto-iliac segments were studied in 51 arteriopaths and the common femoral pulse rise time derived. The patients also underwent an independent clinical examination. The rise time results from 88 common femoral pulses were compared with subsequent arteriographic assessment of the aorto-iliac segments, and in 67 cases with direct intra-arterial pressure measurements from the common femoral artery. A highly significant correlation coefficient was found between the common femoral pulse rise time and the degree of aorto-iliac stenosis on the arteriogram (r = 0.80). Similarly, there was good correlation between pulse rise time and the direct common femoral/radial pressure ratios (r = -0.82). The results were analysed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for determining greater or less than 50% stenosis on the arteriogram. Using a pulse rise time of 200 ms a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 93% and diagnostic accuracy of 94% were obtained. This was significantly better than clinical examination which gave a diagnostic accuracy of 83% (X2 = 5.57, P less than 0.02). The results suggest that this non-invasive method of objective pulse assessment gives superior accuracy for diagnosing aorto iliac stenotic disease. The ease of use and relative simplicity of the apparatus are advantages over more complex non-invasive techniques employing microprocessors in the analysis of blood velocity. PMID- 3503016 TI - The anatomical basis for the route taken by Fogarty catheters in the lower leg. AB - The infrapopliteal route taken by Fogarty catheters when introduced through a common femoral arteriotomy is uncontrolled. We studied the passage of a catheter into the femoral artery in twenty cadavers and related the infrapopliteal route taken, to the angles of origin of the three crural arteries. We then attempted to modify the direction of travel of the catheter by manipulation. In 85% of cadavers the catheter passed into the peroneal artery on each of three consecutive passes, and the tip arrested at mid calf. In 75% of cadavers a 30 degrees bend to the tip of the catheter allowed passage into the posterior tibial artery in which case, the catheter could always be passed into the foot. In only one instance, when the angle of origin was unusually narrow, could the anterior tibial artery be entered. PMID- 3503017 TI - "Femoro-distal bypass--a worthwhile procedure?". AB - Infrapopliteal vascular reconstruction was undertaken in 63 patients with limb threatening ischaemia. Graft materials used were reversed autogenous saphenous vein in 33 patients, umbilical vein in 23 patients, composites of saphenous and umbilical vein in six patients, and a Solcograft in one patient. At the end of the first month 13 grafts were non-functioning, and eight of these patients had an amputation performed. Cumulative 3-year limb salvage and patency rates were 69% and 35%, respectively. Cumulative patency rates of saphenous and umbilical vein grafts were equal, and neither the indication for operation nor the preoperative ankle-arm pressure index correlated to graft failure. In total, twenty-two major amputations were performed, 16 below or through the knee, and six above-knee. The conclusion is that vascular reconstructive surgery for limb threatening distal disease is a valuable procedure. PMID- 3503018 TI - Renal artery stenosis--a challenge for vascular surgery. PMID- 3503019 TI - Carotid endarterectomy in patients with occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery. Perioperative risk and late results. AB - Recent reports on the outcome of carotid endarterectomy in patients with contralateral occlusion have been conflicting. Therefore, we reviewed 51 cases identified, among 675 consecutive carotid endarterectomies. A perioperative mortality of 2% and a permanent morbidity rate of 16% was observed. Compared with a complication rate of about 5% previously reported from this institution, this clearly indicates contralateral carotid occlusion as a major risk factor in carotid surgery. Though not statistically significant, patients with severely reduced cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) had suffered more severe strokes when compared to patients with only minor reduction in CPP. In addition, the internal carotid artery blood flow following endarterectomy was significantly higher in the low pressure group (P less than 0.02). No patients were lost during follow up, for a mean of 34 months. The cumulative five-year survival rate was 74%, not significantly different from the expected survival of an age and sex matched population. During the period of follow-up 16 patients experienced new neurologic symptoms, in six (2 strokes and 4 TIA's) referable to the hemisphere ipsilateral to operation and in 10 (2 strokes and 8 TIA's) referable to the contralateral hemisphere. The five-year stroke rate was 16%. This together with the observed survival rate indicated a better-than-expected course in this group of patients with severe cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. PMID- 3503020 TI - Predicting the normal dimensions of the internal and external carotid arteries from the diameter of the common carotid. AB - In order to calculate the percentage stenosis of an artery, the residual lumen and the normal dimensions at the site of stenosis must be known. Although the residual lumen can be measured directly from an arteriogram, the normal dimensions cannot in the presence of atherosclerotic narrowing. Most calculations of percentage stenosis are based on assumptions of what the true diameter of the vessel would have been before the onset of atheroma. Measurements of the diameter of the common, internal and external carotid arteries were made at standard sites in 61 normal arteriograms. There was a wide range of dimensions and a statistically significant difference between men and women. A linear relationship between the diameter of the proximal common carotid artery CCA(P) and the diameter of the bulb of the internal carotid was found (r = 0.74). There was a poor correlation between the lumen diameter of the distal internal carotid, which is most commonly used for determining the percentage stenosis, and the bulb (r = 0.41). Dividing each measurement by the diameter of the proximal common carotid to express the figures as a ratio produced a reduction of the range of measurements and abolished the difference between men and women. The mean ratio and standard deviation of the internal carotid bulb to the common carotid was 1.19 +/- 0.09, the distal internal to common carotid was 0.65 +/- 0.07 and the external to common carotid was 0.58 +/- 0.10.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503021 TI - The European Society for Vascular Surgery. PMID- 3503022 TI - The failing femoro distal graft. PMID- 3503023 TI - Direct subclavian-carotid anastomosis for the subclavian steal syndrome. AB - Between 1984 and 1986, 38 patients--25 males and 13 females--underwent treatment for proximal subclavian arteriosclerotic lesions. All of these patients presented with symptoms of the subclavian steal syndrome and 13 (34.2%) had additional claudication of the arm. Preoperative angiography showed distal filling of the subclavian artery via retrograde flow in the vertebral artery. 31 patients (81.5%) had total occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery and 7 (18.5%) presented with severe stenosis. 34 of these lesions were on the left (89.5%) and 4 on the right side (10.5%). Complete cerebral angiography was performed in each patient with emphasis on visualisation of the carotid bifurcation and selective opacification of the aortic arch vessels if indicated. Doppler ultrasound flow measurement in the vertebral artery yielded the basic data which were then used for comparative postoperative evaluation. The operation was performed under general anaesthesia and heparinisation. A shunt was not required while performing the direct end-to-side anastomosis between the transected subclavian and the common carotid artery. Arteriosclerotic plaques in the distal stump of the transected subclavian artery and occasionally the origin of the vertebral artery were dealt with by simple eversion endarterectomy. There was no operative mortality; the postoperative complication rate was 13.1% including palsy of the recurrent nerve in 3 patients, a lymphatic cyst of the neck in one patient and bleeding requiring re-exploration in another. Occlusion of the reconstructed artery or neurologic deficit did not occur. Post operatively all patients were treated with platelet inhibitors. The average follow-up period was 13 months, when the reconstructed arteries were found to be patent in 37 patients (97.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503024 TI - Ten years experience with reconstruction of the chronic totally occluded renal artery. AB - The criteria for selection of patients who may benefit from reconstruction of totally occluded renal arteries are not well defined. Of those patients who underwent renal artery reconstruction for renal artery occlusive disease at our institution 13% (52/397) had a chronic renal artery occlusion at preoperative arteriography. In 38 cases (73%) the contralateral renal artery had a significant (greater than 70%) stenosis, which was reconstructed simultaneously. Renovascular hypertension alone (n = 27;52%) or in combination with impaired renal function (n = 25;48%) was the indication for surgical treatment and transaortic thromboendarterectomy was the preferred method of reconstruction (n = 38;73%). Operative mortality was 5.7% and during follow-up (38 +/- 31 months) 4 patients died from myocardial infarction (n = 2), aortic dissection (n = 1) or cerebral haemorrhage (n = 1). Postoperatively 20 patients (44.5%) had a normal blood pressure; in a further 20 (44.5%) the hypertension was easier to control and medication could be reduced. Five patients (11%) remained hypertensive. Postoperative arteriography showed a normal patent renal artery in 40 cases (89%). Postoperative plasma creatinine levels ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 mg% (1.32 +/ 0.74) which was a significant reduction from preoperative levels. Two patients with severe uraemia improved to an extent where haemodialysis could be discontinued. Radionuclide scan and the measurements of plasma renin activity before and after administration of a converting enzyme inhibitor (Captopril) were the most reliable diagnostic methods for preoperative patient selection and postoperative follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503025 TI - An investigation into the causes of failure of PTFE grafts. AB - In an attempt to improve the results of PTFE bypass grafting in the lower limb, a consecutive series of 159 grafts has been analysed in detail to determine the causes of failure. The majority were performed for limb salvage (76%) and the remainder for severe claudication. Forty-five grafts (28%) were to tibial or peroneal vessels. All patients were studied by preoperative arteriographic and Doppler studies, operative arteriography and postoperative Doppler and vasoscan studies. In selected cases postoperative arteriography was carried out with the knee straight and flexed. Thirty-seven failures occurred during a follow-up period of between 6 months and 6 years. The findings indicated four main causes of failure, extension of disease (30%), anastomotic hyperplasia (19%), graft kinking (13%) and technical faults (5%). Each of these is considered in detail and illustrative examples described. Overall patency rates for all popliteal bypasses (AK 43%; BK 57%) were 90 +/- 3% at one year, 78 +/- 5% at 3 years and 69 +/- 8% at 5 years. Comparable figures for tibial grafts were 86 +/- 6% at one year, and 60 +/- 14% at three years. As a consequence of the study, operative techniques have now been modified and preliminary results indicate that these patency rates can be significantly improved. PMID- 3503026 TI - The use of the venous stripper for graft removal in arterial reoperations. AB - A simple technique for removal of synthetic grafts using a standard venous stripper inside the graft is described. The method permits the simultaneous placement of a drainage tube in the canal after graft removal in cases where the graft is infected. PMID- 3503027 TI - Traumatic rupture of the thoracoabdominal aorta. AB - We report a case of traumatic rupture of the thoracoabdominal aorta that was successfully repaired 3 days following the accident. Associated lesions included rupture of the left renal and celiac arteries. This rare lesion should be suspected in the victims of violent hyperextension of the body with or without a fracture of the dorsolumbar spine. Aortography is diagnostic. Whenever possible preoperative angiographic visualisation of the spinal cord arterial supply should be performed. PMID- 3503028 TI - Cystic myxomatous degeneration of the femoral vein. AB - We present a case of cystic myxomatous degeneration of the femoral vein. The features are similar to those found in the equivalent disease of arteries. It is suggested that it may occur in veins as an unusual and rare late sequel of venous thrombosis and recanalisation. A search of the literature has revealed only one previously reported case. PMID- 3503029 TI - The place of first rib resection in the management of axillary-subclavian thrombosis. PMID- 3503030 TI - Non-invasive diagnosis of D.V.T. false positive due to hydatid disease. PMID- 3503031 TI - Management of combined segment disease. PMID- 3503032 TI - Recognising stroke prone patients with a poor collateral circulation. AB - The prognosis in carotid disease is extremely variable and is influenced by the availability of collateral circulation. This study investigates the possibility of recognising patients with a poor collateral potential by using non-invasive tests. Preoperative OPG and EEG were compared with intraoperative EEG during test clamping in 208 carotid endarterectomies. Clamping ischaemia occurred in 29 patients (14%). Preoperative EEG had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 82%. OPG showed a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 54%. Combined OPG and EEG resulted in a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 73%. Both tests are safe and easy to perform and interpret. These techniques can be used to identify those patients with carotid stenosis who have an increased risk of stroke due to a poor collateral circulation and may help to refine the indications for carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 3503033 TI - Extensive disobliteration of the aorto-iliac and common femoral arteries using the LeVeen plaque cracker. AB - In 1978 LeVeen et al. described an original technique for extended aortobifemoral disobliteration using a retroperitoneal approach. This technique was introduced to Europe by Widdershoven and Willekens in 1977 and was adopted in Belgium by Suy and Nevelsteen in 1982 and in Spain by Cuesta and Bengoechea in 1984. A group of 228 patients treated by the LeVeen's method from 1982 to 1987 were followed-up for a mean of 21 months (1-54). Disabling claudication (66%) or more advanced ischaemia (34%) was the indication for treatment. An aorto-bifemoral endarterectomy was performed in 124 patients. Aorto-biiliac endarterectomy in 39, unilateral aortofemoral endarterectomy with a contralateral aorto-iliac endarterectomy in 17 and unilateral iliofemoral endarterectomy in 48 cases. There were seven postoperative deaths (3%) and an early thrombectomy had to be performed in 8 patients. There were 14 late deaths. Occlusion occurred in 11 patients giving a 3-year-patency rate of 97%. There were no late complications related to the technique. It is concluded that disobliteration using the LeVeen technique compares well with prosthetic grafting. Since this method does not require the use of foreign material the patient is protected from the complications sometimes seen after the insertion of prosthetic grafts. PMID- 3503034 TI - Monitoring heparin and haemostasis during reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. AB - In spite of its unpredictable kinetics, heparin is still not generally monitored during peripheral vascular surgery. To evaluate heparin levels and neutralisation, plasma heparin concentrations were measured using a chromogenic substate method during 20 consecutive operations on the Abdominal Aorta. This was combined with measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (ThT), prothrombin time (PT), antithrombin-III (AT-III) and fibrinogen concentration. Heparin concentration 5 min after administration and the elimination rate showed a wide variation. Using a standard dosage for all patients resulted in plasma heparin levels that are potentially too low in some patients. The APTT and ThT were found to be unsuitable for an exact calculation of heparin levels. Protamine administration based on the surgeon's judgement of haemostasis was inadequate. Furthermore an intraoperative decrease of AT-III and fibrinogen was seen in eight patients. It is advisable and possible to have direct monitoring of heparin concentration during peripheral vascular surgery. PMID- 3503035 TI - Digital and radial artery blood flow in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon in response to nifedipine. AB - The effect of nifedipine on haemodynamic changes in the hand after cooling in 10 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon is assessed. Nifedipine reduced the fall in digit blood flow induced by cooling and limited the increase in pulsatility index (a measure of peripheral resistance). There was good correlation between digital arterial inflow (measured by strain gauge plethysmography) and radial artery pulsatility index (measured by Doppler waveform analysis). PMID- 3503037 TI - Intermittent brachial ischaemia due to floating "ball-valve" brachial embolus. PMID- 3503036 TI - Muscle energy stores in relation to clinical findings and outcome in acute arterial ischaemia of the lower leg. AB - Forty-two patients (mean age 79 years) with acute ischaemia of one leg were evaluated in a prospective study. Forty-nine percent of the patients suffered from embolism, 29% from thrombosis while the etiology was uncertain in 22%. In 30 of the ischaemic legs and in 21 contralateral non-ischaemic legs the muscle energy metabolic status (ATP, ADP, AMP, ECP, PC, Cr and lactate) from the gastrocnemius muscle was measured and compared to values obtained from 24 healthy age-matched controls. There was a high degree of energy metabolic impairment in the ischaemic legs. Furthermore, the contralateral non-ischaemic legs were also energy depleted in comparison with those of the healthy controls. Legs with thrombosis were more energy-deprived than legs with embolism. Clinical evaluation of the degree of ischaemia and the level of occlusion correlated with energy metabolic parameters but the duration of ischaemia did not. The degree of metabolic impairment had no prognostic implication for the clinical outcome. PMID- 3503038 TI - Long-standing bony change in Gaucher's disease. PMID- 3503039 TI - Vascular system of lymph nodes: vascular density of AILD and malignant lymphomas with special reference to HEV. PMID- 3503040 TI - Survival and experimental metastatic potential of tumor cells circulated in vitro under conditions of high-speed fluid flow. PMID- 3503041 TI - The unique action of bi-articular muscles in complex movements. AB - Actions of muscles that pass over more than one joint are mainly described with respect to movements in the joints that are crossed. In a previous study of push off without plantar flexion it was shown that the transformation of knee angular velocity into translation of the body is constrained by the fact that velocity difference between hip and ankle has to reach its peak value a long time before the knee is extended. The present study was meant to test the hypothesis that the action of the gastrocnemius can be understood in the light of this constraint. Vertical jumps of ten subjects were analysed cinematographically. Electromyographic signals were derived from knee extensors and plantar flexors simultaneously. The results show that the peak velocity difference between hip and ankle is reached at a mean knee angle of 132 degrees. At that instant a rapid plantar flexion starts, reinforced by a strong increase of activation of gastrocnemius. It is suggested that the bi-articular character of the gastrocnemius muscle enables the knee extensors to continue to deliver work which is transported to the ankle where it is used for plantar flexion. This optimal use of the capabilities of proximally located muscles would not be possible if man had mono-articular muscles only. PMID- 3503042 TI - Ruffed cells in the olfactory bulb of freshwater teleosts. I. Golgi impregnation. AB - The olfactory bulbs of Barbus meridionalis, Carassius carassius, Chondrostoma polylepis, Cyprinus carpio, Tinca tinca and Salmo gairdneri were examined by two variants of the Golgi technique. We report, for the first time, the existence of ruffed cells in these species. This neuronal type shows a characteristic morphology and location. Overall, these cells exhibit a generalised pattern, although there are qualitative and quantitative variations between the various species studied. PMID- 3503043 TI - The development of the central-peripheral transitional zone of the rat cochlear nerve. A light microscopic study. AB - A projection of central nervous tissue extends for a short distance into the proximal part of the cochlear nerve trunk during the last week of fetal life but regresses slightly as birth approaches. During the first two weeks after birth it again grows distally at a very rapid rate and reaches well into the modiolus of the cochlea. The segment of the cochlear nerve trunk which lies in the subarachnoid space comes to consist entirely of central nervous tissue. The central tissue projection continues to grow further distally into the cochlea up to the end of the first year of life. Cochlear nerve branches consisting of peripheral nervous tissue arise directly from the central tissue projection. The cochlear nerve trunk lacks a compact segment which consists only of peripheral nervous tissue. PMID- 3503044 TI - Changes in the surface morphology of lens fibres in the developing chick eye in relation to lens transparency. AB - The surface morphology of chick lens fibres and epithelium was studied by scanning electron microscopy at several stages of embryonic development. In common with many species of adult lens, the embryonic fibres possessed a remarkable array of interlocking devices which were present from an early stage of development. The primary and secondary fibres both acquired projections during the maturation process, although the types of interlocking devices were different in the two populations. Immediately after obliteration of the lens vesicle, 'flap' or 'finger-like' projections were seen on the primary fibres, and these increased in number during development. A pronounced change in the morphology of the primary fibres was seen between Stages 35 and 38 with the formation of large irregular, interlocking processes. Secondary fibre maturation resulted in a complex but well defined joining apparatus with 'mounds and hollows', 'finger', 'flap' and 'ball-like' projections being formed. Transmission electron microscope grids placed beneath the lenses allowed a direct assessment of lens transparency during development. In the early stages, the lens appeared opaque, uniform transparency becoming apparent between 6-7.5 days of incubation. No specific correlations between the morphology of the lens fibres and the degree of transparency were found, although the size of extracellular spaces appeared to be important, close packing of fibres being generally associated with transparency. PMID- 3503045 TI - A quantitative histological study of cell division and changes in cell number in the meningeal sheath of the embryonic human optic nerve. AB - Mitotic cells are present in all layers of the meninges of the human optic nerve between 8 and 18 weeks post-conception. The number of meningeal cells per section remains constant between 8 and 12 weeks before rising rapidly from 234 at 12 weeks to 747 at 18 weeks. The mitotic index is only 0.17% at 8 weeks but rises to 1.02% at 10 weeks before falling gradually to 0.29% at 18 weeks. A comparison of the results of this study with a previous one on gliogenesis in the same nerves (Sturrock, 1975) leads to the tentative conclusion that mitotic activity in the layers of the meninges is probably sufficient to account for the increase in meningeal cell number between 8 and 18 weeks. The substantial increase in thickness of the meninges found between 14 and 15 weeks is due to a large increase in the amount of collagen in the developing dural layer rather than the modest increase in cell number. During mitosis meningeal cells do not retract their processes and cell division usually occurs tangentially. PMID- 3503046 TI - A quantitative morphological examination of bovine vulval skin glands. AB - In adult cows the volumes of sweat and sebaceous glands per unit skin surface area (ssa) in the vulva were greater (P less than 0.01) than in the neck, lip or eyelids. Within this perineal region skin gland volumes were greater dorsally than ventrally (P less than 0.01). Adult cows had much greater (P less than 0.01) volumes of perineal skin glands per unit ssa than 8 weeks or 6 weeks old heifer calves or steers. There was little or no difference between animal categories in neck skin gland dimensions. Adult morphology of perineal sebaceous glands was present in 15 and 18 months but not 6 and 9 months old heifer calves. The skin glands of the perineal region in cows should be considered as specialised skin glands. PMID- 3503047 TI - The cytoarchitecture of the nucleus cuneiformis. A Nissl and Golgi study. AB - This investigation attempts to clarify the cytoarchitectural organisation of the neurons of the nucleus cuneiformis, a reticular nucleus of the midbrain particularly involved in locomotor activities. The study was carried out on the cat and man, in Nissl and Golgi material. The nerve cell bodies, which are small or medium sized, have a light basophilic cytoplasm and a large light nucleus usually containing one nucleolus. In Golgi material multipolar and fusiform cells can be identified. Multipolar cells, which form the majority of the neural population, have 3-7 primary spiny dendrites and an axon which often projects outside the nucleus. Fusiform cells have one or two primary dendrites endowed with spines, which are, however, less numerous than those of multipolar neurons. The axons generally end inside the nucleus. The main difference between man and the cat seems to be in the length and width of the neuronal arborisation, which are considerably greater in the former species. The characteristics of the two neuronal types suggest a projective function of the multipolar elements, but an interneuronal activity of the fusiform ones. The data support the similarity already found at the ultrastructural level between the nucleus cuneiformis and the periaqueductal grey matter, but on the other hand confirm the lesser degree of cytoarchitectural complexity of the nucleus. PMID- 3503049 TI - Radiographic assessment of knee joint rotation. AB - A radiographic technique for measuring conjunct rotation at the knee joint is described. Conjunct rotation was demonstrated to occur over a greater range of values of flexion than conventionally believed. Rotation increased progressively as the knee extended, and was not confined to the last phase of extension. Consideration of such rotatory movement is relevant to the design of knee arthroplasties and also to possible mechanisms of non-bony injury of the knee. PMID- 3503048 TI - Pathways of lymph flow to and from the medulla of lymph nodes in sheep. AB - Medullary sinuses are continuous with penetrating afferent lymphatics, and with the trabecular and tubular sinuses which penetrate through the cortex. Tubular sinuses are often associated with blood vessels, especially in the deep cortex, and they appear to be important in the transport of lymphocytes. The subcapsular sinus is continuous over the cortex and the medulla, although trabeculae and reticular processes appear to restrict the flow of afferent lymph to the subcapsular sinus over the medulla. Lymph leaves the medulla through up to 100 or more initial efferent lymphatics, some only 60 micron across. Almost all of these arise from sinuses adjacent to the capsule lining the hilus. Some efferents remain associated with the capsule for a short distance whereas others, especially in nodes with a deep hilar depression, leave immediately at an angle of 30-90 degrees. PMID- 3503050 TI - Trigeminal nerve pathways to the cerebral arteries in monkeys. AB - Two or three or sometimes more fine intracavernous branches were traced from the ophthalmic nerve using serial section reconstruction and induced nerve degeneration. They joined the cavernous plexus and were distributed forward with autonomic nerves to the adventitia of the internal carotid artery, emerging from the sinus with the artery. A strong recurrent branch from the plexus joined the abducent nerve, passed back and left the nerve at pontine level to innervate the basilar artery and the caudal circle of Willis. The recurrent nerve was absent from one side of two animals and showed asymmetry in others. No branch issued intracranially to the plexus from the maxillary nerve, but in the pterygopalatine fossa the orbitociliary branch of the maxillary nerve gave off one or two filaments that re-entered the cranial cavity through the medial infraorbital fissure and joined the cavernous plexus. Their content augmented the ophthalmic afferent distribution. All plexus branches with trigeminal fibres also contained autonomic fibres. The results show, firstly, that the cavernous plexus consists of a mixture of sensory and autonomic nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and, secondly, that afferents of the internal carotid artery and rostral circle of Willis and those to the basilar artery and caudal circle of Willis are distributed separately. PMID- 3503051 TI - Changes in the size and synthetic activity of nuclear populations in chronically stimulated rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - The adaptive response of mammalian fast-twitch skeletal muscle to long-term low frequency stimulation involves coordinated changes in the expression of a large number of genes and an increase in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Morphological correlates of these changes were sought in a qualitative and quantitative study of nuclear populations that included autoradiography at both light and electron microscopic levels. Stimulation-induced changes in biosynthetic activity were found to be supported by increases in the numbers of both non-muscle and muscle nuclei, and myonuclear counts were significantly increased in relation to sarcoplasmic volume. Moreover, the chronically stimulated muscle fibres showed ultrastructural signs consistent with mobilisation of transcriptional and translational activity. PMID- 3503052 TI - Blood flow to the adrenal gland of the rat: its distribution between the cortex and the medulla before and after haemorrhage. AB - This study has investigated the flow of blood to the adrenal gland of the anaesthetised rat under basal conditions and after the induction of haemorrhagic hypotension. By combining the use of radioactive microspheres with subsequent serial sectioning we have been able not only to assess total adrenal blood flow but also to determine its distribution within the gland. In normal anaesthetised rats approximately 7.4% of the adrenal blood flow passes directly to the medulla, the remainder being distributed to the cortex. This proportional flow is also observed immediately after withdrawal of sufficient venous blood to cause a 32% reduction in systolic blood pressure. However, the latter procedure results in a 52% increase in the total blood flow to the gland despite the associated fall in cardiac output. PMID- 3503053 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for the mitotic division of neurons in the anterior horn of the fetal rabbit in the later stages of gestation. AB - Two mitotic cells found in the ventral horn of the fetal rabbit spinal cord at 26 and 28 days post-conception are described. Both are large cells with a much more extensive cytoplasm than is usual during mitosis. The cytoplasm of both cells contained an extensive dilated vesicular structure which was identified as the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes were not present on its surface. The 26 days post-conception cell had an axosomatic synapse on its perikaryon and serial ultrathin sections of the 28 days post-conception cell showed a number of dendrite-like processes arising from its perikaryon and a myelinated axon approaching the pole of the cell opposite the plane of cleavage. These two cells were structurally different from mitotic cells previously described in the central nervous system and appear to be neurons that are at least partially differentiated. PMID- 3503054 TI - The circumflex branch of the left coronary artery in the human infant. AB - Coronary arterial vascularisation in the human infant in the first five weeks of life, was studied by radiological and injection-corrosion techniques. The main differences lay in the characteristics of the circumflex artery and its distribution over the myocardial wall. These differences were age-related. Coronary arterial anastomoses were detected in 61% of the hearts. PMID- 3503055 TI - A histological study of human femoral condylar articular cartilage. AB - Paraffin sections cut both parallel to and perpendicular to the surface were used to study the histological structure of the articular cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle of infants, children and adults. Two main cell types were present -fusiform chondrocytes lying in swirling patterns were the predominant cell type of the cartilage up to and including two years, while a more rounded cell, randomly arranged, was commoner in the older specimens. Evidence suggests that these cells represent two distinct populations of chondrocyte, the round cells being derived from the earlier fusiform cells. Cartilage canals were a feature of the deeper regions of the presumptive articular cartilage in young specimens in which the epiphysis was still cartilaginous. The basophilic tidemark which marks the junction between the calcified and uncalcified cartilage in perpendicular sections was not seen in parallel sections. The calcified cartilage layer contained numerous processes of vascular bone which extended up from the subchondral bone and were a characteristic feature of the cartilage-bone interface. This layer of the articular cartilage cannot therefore be considered to be truly avascular. PMID- 3503056 TI - Morphometric analyses of changes in cell shape in the neuroepithelium of mammalian embryos. AB - During neurulation the elevation of the neural folds is accompanied by, and thought to be partly driven by, changes in the shapes of the neuroepithelial cells. This paper explores the use of form factors for the measurement of changes in cell shape during normal and perturbed neural fold elevation in rat embryos; it is the first attempt to quantify changes in the shapes of cells during neurulation in mammalian embryos. Rat embryos at 9.9 days of gestation, when the neural epithelium is a biconvex plate, and at 10.4 days of gestation, when the cervical neural epithelium has formed the neural tube and when the cephalic neural folds have elevated but not fused, were used. In addition, embryos in which the cephalic neural folds had been caused to re-open by culture in saline with low calcium were examined. Embryos were fixed and then fractured across the neural axis. A montage of the fractured edge of the neuroepithelium was prepared from a series of scanning electron micrographs. Cells of the neuroepithelium were classified according to the shapes of their profiles as rectangular, round, apically tapered, basally tapered or spindle-shaped, the last three categories being considered as 'tapered'. The outlines of the cells were digitised using a computer-linked graphics tablet to provide estimations of the perimeters (p) and areas (a) of the cell profiles, and the form factors, f. of the cell profiles were calculated by f = 4 pi a/p2. This factor is a unitless ratio which is unity for a circle and less than unity for any other shape. It provides a measure of the efficiency with which a perimeter encloses an area, and thus indicates the degree of deformation of a shape from circular. From 9.9 to 10.4 days the cervical neuroepithelium shows a decrease in the percentage of rectangular cells and an increase in the percentage of spindle-shaped cells. The mean form factors of cells in the apically tapered and spindle-shaped categories decrease, showing that these cells are more elongated and tapered in later embryos. When embryos at 10.4 days are cultured in saline with low calcium the elevated cephalic neural folds collapse. Concomitantly the percentage of round cells in the cephalic neural folds increases and the percentage of apically tapered and spindle-shaped cells decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3503057 TI - Effect of calcium on oxytocin-induced contraction of mammary gland myoepithelium as visualized by NBD-phallacidin. AB - The effect of calcium on oxytocin-induced contraction of myoepithelial cells was visualized with NBD-phallacidin, a fluorescent stain for filamentous actin. In the absence of oxytocin, the cells appeared relaxed; long, branching processes radiated from the cell bodies. In the presence of 50 nM-oxytocin, myoepithelial cells contracted into smaller spoke-shaped bodies in which the arms were shorter and thicker. Electron microscopy confirmed the morphological differences between oxytocin-treated and untreated myoepithelium. To determine a role for extracellular calcium, tissue was incubated in EGTA, then exposed to oxytocin, with or without added calcium. Contraction occurred in the presence of oxytocin plus additional calcium but not in the absence of calcium. When the tissue was incubated with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) in calcium containing medium, oxytocin did not induce myoepithelial cell contraction. These data support previous results obtained with a myosin light-chain phosphorylation assay implicating calcium and calmodulin in oxytocin-induced contraction. Furthermore, NBD-phallacidin visualization of myoepithelial cells demonstrates that the effect of calcium on contraction is physiologically significant. PMID- 3503058 TI - Chloral hydrate disrupts mitosis by increasing intracellular free calcium. AB - In examining how chloral hydrate affects mitosis, we found that extracellular application of 0.1% chloral hydrate produced an abrupt rise in cytosolic free Ca2+. Digitized fluorescence microscopy of Fura-2-loaded, mitotic and interphase PtK cells revealed that Ca2+ rose 15 s after chloral hydrate application, peaked within 1 min at a concentration two- to sevenfold above the basal level and then slowly dropped. Bathing cells in 0.1% chloral hydrate caused metaphase spindles to shorten, starting in 1-2 min, and inhibited spindle elongation without affecting chromosome-to-pole movement during anaphase, as determined by phase contrast observation of living cells. Spindle elongation and chromosome movement were unaffected by intracellular injection of 7.5% chloral hydrate. Extensive mitotic microtubule breakdown occurred after cells were bathed for 7 min in 0.1% chloral hydrate, while interphase microtubules were unaffected as determined by immunofluorescence. The chloral hydrate-induced microtubule breakdown and metaphase spindle shortening were prevented by 10 mM-CoCl2, which has previously been shown to block Ca2+ influx and to stabilize microtubules in vitro. These results imply that disruption of mitotic spindle function and structure by chloral hydrate is due to a rise in cytosolic free Ca2+, and also indicate that mitotic microtubules are more Ca2+-labile than interphase microtubules. PMID- 3503059 TI - Genetic control of plasma membrane adhesion and fusion in Chlamydomonas gametes. AB - The final stages of gamete interaction in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii occur between the specialized plasma membrane organelles (mating structures) of opposite mating type cells. A number of mutants affecting these interactions have been obtained in several laboratories; all have been defined as fusion-defective. This paper demonstrates that there are at least two genetically definable stages of mating structure interaction: (1) the recognition/adhesion of mating structures, and (2) gamete fusion. The possibility that these two functions, the adhesion and subsequent fusion of mating structures, may be mating-type specific is raised, since of the seven independently isolated mutants analysed, all mutants defective in fusion are of mating-type (-), and only mating type (+) mutants show defects in adhesion. PMID- 3503060 TI - The translocation of mitochondria along insect ovarian microtubules from isolated nutritive tubes: a simple reactivated model. AB - Nutritive tubes, the microtubule-based translocation channels that link the trophic tissue to the developing oocytes in the ovaries of hemipteran insects, have been isolated and examined using video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy. When viewed in this way the nutritive tubes are seen to fray into linear strands, which, on the addition of exogenous ATP, support the translocation of particles along their lengths. The movement is also seen with GTP but not AMP-PNP. It is not affected by the addition of inhibitors of dynein or of energy metabolism. Electron microscopy shows the strands to consist of bundles of parallel microtubules of different sizes and the moving particles to be mitochondria. Comparisons are drawn between the movement of mitochondria along isolated insect ovarian microtubules and the reported translocation of vesicles along microtubules from squid axoplasm. The simplicity of the insect system is emphasized. The fact that it can be isolated easily and characterized biochemically makes it potentially valuable for investigating microtubule-based translocation. PMID- 3503061 TI - Light-induced colour changes by the iridophores of the Neon tetra, Paracheirodon innesi. AB - The iridophores of the Neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi consist of alternating layers of guanine and cytoplasm. In the dark-adapted state the reflected light from constructive interference is in the ultraviolet or blue. When exposed to light the cytoplasm layers increase in thickness and as a result the reflections shift to longer wavelengths and the iridophores appear green. The iridophores are thought to contain a rhodopsin-like molecule and we suggest that the colour change mechanism involves the light-induced opening of sodium channels in the plasma membrane, leading osmotically to an increase in thickness of the cytoplasm layers. Experimental support for this suggestion was obtained by the substitution of choline chloride for sodium chloride in the perfusing medium, which can be done without altering the osmotic strength of the perfusing medium. This procedure almost abolished the light response and makes it seem likely that sodium ions are necessary for the light response to take place. PMID- 3503062 TI - Brain 87. XIII International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. Montreal, June 20-25, 1987. Abstracts. PMID- 3503063 TI - American Electroencephalographic Society report on the status of training programs in clinical neurophysiology. PMID- 3503064 TI - Who will care for the elderly? PMID- 3503065 TI - National Center for Nursing Research. PMID- 3503066 TI - Successful grantsmanship: the cascade effect. PMID- 3503067 TI - Changing scene in Norway. PMID- 3503068 TI - Do consumers have a right to know the disciplinary actions taken against nurses who violate the nursing practice act? Do consumers have a right to know the identity of nurses who violate the nursing practice act? PMID- 3503069 TI - In the center of the vortex. PMID- 3503070 TI - Failure to collaborate? PMID- 3503071 TI - An exploratory study of nursing services provided by schools of nursing. PMID- 3503072 TI - Effects of faculty practice on student learning outcomes. PMID- 3503073 TI - International nursing consultation: a perspective on ethical issues. PMID- 3503075 TI - An investigation of the predictability of NCLEX scores of BSN graduates using academic predictors. PMID- 3503074 TI - Programmatic research: a collaborative model. PMID- 3503076 TI - Method of at determination: comparison and re-examination of the relationship between LT and VT determined by objective methods. PMID- 3503077 TI - Application of lactate threshold to endurance sports science. PMID- 3503078 TI - Hemodynamic and biochemical responses during exercise at the intensity equivalent to lactate threshold for middle-aged and elderly women. PMID- 3503080 TI - Anaerobic threshold in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 3503079 TI - Clinical application of lactate threshold to the treatment of obesity. PMID- 3503081 TI - Effect of hypoxia on lactate variables during exercise. PMID- 3503082 TI - A preliminary investigation of bus cab design for Cantonese drivers. PMID- 3503083 TI - The use of sign language as an aggravating factor in shoulder tendinitis, a case history of a deaf-mute cleaner. PMID- 3503084 TI - Comparison of dynamic, static, and psychophysical evaluations of human strength capabilities. PMID- 3503085 TI - Body size data of Sri Lankan workers and their variability with other populations in the world: its impact on the use of imported goods. PMID- 3503087 TI - Anaerobic threshold symposium. 12th annual conference of the Human Ergology Society. December 5th, 1986, Saga, Japan. Proceedings. PMID- 3503086 TI - Work stress of firemen as measured by heart rate and catecholamine. PMID- 3503088 TI - Terminal distributions along a 'knight's line' for a stochastic epidemic. AB - The model under consideration relates to the spread of a disease in a finite population where removal of infectives is allowed to occur. It is equivalent to a restricted random walk over a discrete grid of points interior to a trapezium. We consider an artificial barrier on the grid at which the epidemic ceases. The barrier is a semi-diagonal resembling the path of the knight in chess and allows some simplification of the analysis. In particular, we investigate the probability distribution along this barrier when time is infinite. Recursive relations are obtained for these terminal distributions and are used to develop an exact numerical method for their computation. In certain cases, a slight modification of the binomial distribution provides a good approximation to the actual distribution. A direct recursive method for calculating moments of the distribution is given and we show how the whole distribution may be recovered from these moments. PMID- 3503090 TI - Analytical results on the stability of age-structured recurrent epidemic models. AB - This paper examines the equilibrium and stability properties of relatively simple mathematical models for the transmission of infectious diseases such as measles, rubella, and mumps. We consider endemic diseases which are recurrent over a long time period. We discuss some simple models which incorporate an age structure into the population amongst whom the disease is spreading, since recent work has shown this feature to be important. The results are relevant in three ways: for predicting the long-term overall level of incidence of disease; for describing the oscillations of the incidence of disease around this equilibrium level; and for designing immunization programmes. PMID- 3503091 TI - A model for the periodic synaptic inhibition of a neuronal oscillator. AB - We develop a simple, piecewise linear differential equation with discontinuous jumps, which captures the essential characteristics of more complicated equations modelling the dynamics of neuronal oscillators, such as those due to Hodgkin & Huxley (1952), Fitzhugh (1960, 1961), and Nagumo et al. (1962). We investigate the effects of periodically applied stimuli of various durations and compare phase-transition curves or Poincare maps for our model with numerically computed maps from the 'full' equations. We describe some aspects of the qualitative behaviour and bifurcations of these iterated one-dimensional mappings and attempt to relate them to experimental observations. PMID- 3503089 TI - Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles: a method for the detection of neurogenic disorders. AB - Human skeletal muscles are composed of two distinguishable types of fibres, which in healthy muscles appear to be randomly arranged. Large groups of one fibre type are commonly regarded as evidence of a neuropathological process affecting the peripheral nerves or the nerve cells in the spinal cord. An objective method that detects non-random arrangements as a sign of a neurogenic disorder, particularly in its early stages, could improve diagnosis. The randomness, or otherwise, of the fibre type arrangement is here considered in terms of the numbers of fibres surrounded entirely by others of the same type (enclosed fibres). The distribution of the number of enclosed fibres is studied for a free-sampling model using Monte Carlo methods. The negative binomial distribution is shown to fit closely, where the parameters can be expressed in terms of the number of fibres and the fibre type proportion in a sample area. This result permits the calculation of significance levels for a sample area and the combination of information in several sample areas. Finally, the method is applied to whole cross-sections of 24 male human autopsied muscles. PMID- 3503093 TI - Crossover counts and likelihood in multipoint linkage analysis. AB - For large numbers of genetic loci, jointly tested to determine their order along a chromosome, likelihood methods become unfeasible owing to the very large numbers of discrete alternative hypotheses (locus orderings) whose likelihoods must be separately evaluated. A method to order loci according to the criterion of minimizing the obligatory crossover count is therefore proposed. A branch-and bound algorithm implementing this proposal has been programmed; the properties of this algorithm are investigated. The statistical properties of the proposed method are also considered. It is shown to be consistent under wide conditions, including arbitrary locus spacings, variable amounts of information per locus, and some patterns of interference. The relationship between the minimum crossover order and the maximum likelihood order is discussed. For fully informative gametes, and tight linkage, there is a virtual equivalence of the two criteria. For looser linkage, there remains a close relationship. PMID- 3503092 TI - Optimal control analysis of a cancer chemotherapy problem. AB - The biologically based model due to Cox and co-workers is used in this study of a cancer chemotherapy problem involving the continuous delivery of an anticancer drug. A performance criterion is introduced to measure the effectiveness of therapy while penalizing excessive usage of drug. Optimal control theory is used to obtain information on the nature of the controller, which is related to the amount of drug to be infused from a drug-delivery device. PMID- 3503094 TI - A genetic model describing the evolution of levamisole resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a nematode parasite of sheep. AB - Data from 21 generations of selection on a levamisole-resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, either exposed to selection with the anthelmintics levamisole (LEV) or thiabendazole (TBZ), or unexposed, were used to fit a genetic model describing the evolution of LEV resistance in this parasite species. A statistical model describing the dose-response relationship for a mixed population of susceptible and resistant parasite eggs exposed to anthelmintic was fitted to egg-hatch assay data for each generation and for each selection regimen. Estimated parameters from the statistical model provided the input for the genetic model from which were obtained estimates of the relative fitness of susceptible and resistant genotypes under each selection regimen. The experimental data and the genetic models both indicated that, in this parasite strain, LEV resistance was determined by a single dominant gene, and that TBZ selects for LEV susceptibility. A variety of drug alternation programmes was simulated for this genetic system. The programme that minimized the development of LEV resistance involved alternating the drugs (LEV and TBZ) between each worm generation. PMID- 3503095 TI - Resilience and variability in pathogens and hosts. AB - Adaptability by means of phenotype variability in host-pathogen systems is studied using a model that resembles a class of array systems known as cellular automata. Each automaton in this model is characterized by a network of n x m processors that process the information contained in levels 0 to m. The effect of the automaton's architecture on its ability to satisfy variations in constraints is analysed, and automata-evolution experiments are described. Increasing the number of organization levels in the automaton is shown to increase its efficiency in buffering external changes, and the mechanism of modulating the processing rules appears more efficient than the mechanism of controlling the mutation rate. Analogy with biological systems suggests that hosts and pathogens evolve towards increasing modulation of their genomic information processing and that single mature lymphocytes should be able to generate more than one antigen receptor. These hypotheses can provide an explanation for the sequential ordered expression of different antigen genes in trypanosomes, as well as for immunosuppression and autoimmune phenomena. PMID- 3503096 TI - An approach to modelling radiation damage by fast ionizing particles. AB - This paper presents a statistical approach to modelling the damaging effects of radiation by fast heavy ionizing particles in small biological structures such as enzymes, viruses, and some cells. Irreparable damage is assumed to be caused by the occurrence of ionizations within sensitive regions of a structure. For structures containing double-stranded DNA, one or more ionizations occurring within each strand of the DNA will cause inactivation; for simpler structures without double-stranded DNA a single ionization within the structure will be sufficient for inactivation. Damaging ionizations occur along tracks of primary irradiating particles or along tracks of secondary particles released at primary ionizations. An inactivation probability is derived for each damage mechanism, and is expressed in integral form in terms of the radius of the biological structure (assumed spherical), the rate of ionization along primary tracks, and the maximum energy for secondary particles. The performance of each model is assessed by comparing results from the model with results derived from data from various experimental studies extracted from the literature. For the simpler structures, where a single ionization is sufficient for inactivation, the model gives qualitatively promising results. However, for larger more complex structures containing double-stranded DNA, the model requires some further refinements. PMID- 3503097 TI - Ocular hyperuricosis in the rabbit following hyperuricemia and topical epinephrine. AB - Sources for the high levels of uric acid reported in the aqueous humor from human glaucoma eyes were studied in the rabbit model. A hyperuricemia was produced by oxonic acid blockade of uricase prior to a systemic administration of uric acid. These animals showed no increase in aqueous humor uric acid. Topical medication of eyes with 1% epinephrine produced a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) rise in the level of uric acid in aqueous humor of treated eyes. Mean urate levels increased from 0.44 mg/dl to 0.82 mg/dl. Topical glaucoma medication appears to be the source of ocular hyperuricosis. PMID- 3503098 TI - Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in bovine ciliary body under oxidative stress. AB - The effect of t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) on the oxidation of C1-radiolabeled glucose and C6-radiolabeled glucose by bovine ciliary body was investigated in the presence and absence of the glutathione reductase inhibitors nitrofurantoin (NF) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea [BCNU]. 14CO2 production from 1-14C glucose was markedly stimulated by TBHP and inhibited by BCNU. Using tissue extracts, BCNU was shown to inhibit both glutathione reductase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. These results support the hypothesis that bovine ciliary body has high NADPH regenerating capacity by the hexose monophosphate shunt. PMID- 3503100 TI - Ocular penetration and hypotensive activity of the topically applied carbonic anhydrase inhibitor L-645,151. AB - The effects of the locally active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor L-645,151 on intraocular pressure (IOP), and aqueous humor flow were studied in normotensive albino rabbits, and correlated with the distribution of its hydrolysis product (L 643,799) in ocular tissues. The L-645,151 was given as a suspension in 1% hydroxyethylcellulose, in single drops (50 microliter) of concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 2%. The ocular hypotensive effect showed a distinct dose dependent pattern. At the highest dose, the reduction of pressure was 2.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg (n = 9). Aqueous humor flow was estimated by the IOP recovery rate assay and the changes in ascorbate concentration in aqueous humor. The relative changes in aqueous humor flow displayed a dose dependent pattern. At the highest dose there was a 26-22% decrease, similar to that reported for rabbits in which IOP was raised by intraocular treatment with alpha-chymotrypsin. The concentrations of L 643,799 in ocular tissues were dose related. Representative distribution (microM) for the 2% concentration at peak (1 hr) effect was cornea:290; anterior aqueous 46; posterior aqueous 10; iris + ciliary body 26. The apparent elimination rate constants (A) were: 0.20, 0.19, 0.23 and 0.13 hr-1 respectively. The factors that contribute to the observed high ocular hypotensive potency of L-645,151 include: high lipid solubility of the prodrug; reduced lipid solubility of the drug L 643,799, and accumulation in the cornea; high inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 3503099 TI - The ocular effects of xylazine in rabbits, cats, and monkeys. AB - Xylazine is an agent frequently used in combination with ketamine to anesthetize rabbits. Xylazine is also related pharmacologically to clonidine, a relatively selective alpha 2-agonist. In the present studies, xylazine was examined for its effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in rabbits, cats and monkeys and on noradrenergic function in the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) preparation. Topical and unilateral administration of xylazine (1.0 mg) lowered IOP bilaterally in normal, unanesthetized rabbits, cats and monkeys and caused unilateral miosis in rabbits and cats. These ocular effects of xylazine were attenuated in superior cervical ganglionectomized (SX) cats and rabbits. In addition, intra-arterially administered xylazine (10, 33 and 100 micrograms) produced dose-related inhibition of contractions of the CNM elicited by electrically stimulating the pre- and postganglionic sympathetic trunks without altering the response to i.a. norepinephrine (10 micrograms). These data suggest that ocular effects of xylazine are mediated, in part, by alteration of sympathetic neuron function. Xylazine suppressed ocular hypertension induced by water loading and IOP recovery rate following hypertonic saline infusion in rabbits suggesting that aqueous flow was inhibited. Topical pretreatment with 0.05 mg of timolol caused potentiation of the ocular hypotensive response to 0.05 mg of xylazine in rabbits. These results indicate that xylazine lowers IOP, in part, by suppressing sympathetic neuronal function which causes a reduction in aqueous flow. The augmented response to timolol and xylazine, as compared with either agent alone, suggests a rational basis for combining a prejunctionally active agent with a postjunctionally active one. PMID- 3503102 TI - Reduction of intraocular pressure by domperidone. AB - Domperidone, a dopamine antagonist was found to delay the intraocular pressure (IOP) recovery in rabbit eyes after infusion with hypertonic saline and to lower the IOP of normal cat eyes, indicating that domperidone is an ocular hypotensive agent. It did not affect cardiac function significantly but produced potent inhibition of bronchial muscle tone. It improved the blood flow to eye tissues including choroid, ciliary body and retina. These results suggest that domperidone could be used to treat glaucoma without producing cardiovascular disturbances and/or asthmatic attacks. PMID- 3503101 TI - Intravitreal injection of purified human chorionic gonadotropin lowers IOP in rabbits. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone composed of two dissimilar subunits alpha and beta held together by noncovalent forces. Each subunit contains about 30% carbohydrate and is extensively crosslinked by disulfide bonds. Previous work from our laboratory with commercial preparations of hCG indicated that intravitreal injection of hCG lowered intraocular pressure (IOP). Our work has been extended by using purified hCG obtained by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography of a commercial preparation. With a wide pore octyl silica column and a step gradient composed of dilute aqueous trifluoroacetic acid and methanol, several peaks were obtained. The major peak was shown by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis to contain both alpha and beta subunits. That this major peak contained intact hormone rather than a mixture of subunits was revealed by its ability to enhance the fluorescence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate and stimulate the release of cyclic AMP from isolated rat testes; subunits of hCG lack these properties. Physiological doses of hCG from this major peak injected intravitreally in rabbit eyes resulted in significant decreases in IOP without associated irritation when compared with contralateral control eyes. PMID- 3503103 TI - Light, experimental avian myopia and the role of the suprarenals. AB - Domestic chicks reared under continuous dim light developed the eye enlargement and suppressed corneal growth characteristic of light-induced avian glaucoma (LIAG) and dim light buphthalmos (DLB). Administered corticosterone moderated these effects on both the globe of the eye and the cornea. The anti-adrenal agent Metyrapone had no discernable effects on the globe parameters of the eye, although the cornea was somewhat enlarged and the anterior chamber deeper than in controls. Mitotic rate in the corneal epithelium, and adrenal and testis weight, were more sensitive indicators, showing that both the hormone and its antagonist induced changes in these experimental subjects. PMID- 3503104 TI - Effect of flunixin meglumine on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier following paracentesis in the canine eye. AB - The protein and PGE2 metabolite content of the aqueous humor from untreated and flunixin meglumine pretreated dogs was determined prior to and after anterior chamber paracentesis. In the untreated dogs the concentrations of protein and PGE2 metabolite in aqueous humor were greatly elevated secondary to paracentesis. Intravenously administered flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg or 2.2 mg/kg) significantly reduced these inflammatory parameters, confirming that prostaglandins are involved in the stability of the blood-aqueous barrier by paracentesis in the canine eye. The clinical implication of these results is that intravenous administration of flunixin meglumine before intraocular surgery should be considered as an adjunct therapy to reduce intraoperative and postoperative uveitis. PMID- 3503105 TI - Diclofenac and enolicam as ocular anti-inflammatory drugs in rabbit corneal wound model. AB - The anti-inflammatory effects of two nonsteroidal agents, enolicam and diclofenac, were assessed in rabbit corneal wound model. Topically applied diclofenac (50 microliter volume) at 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5% concentrations inhibited the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) release into tear fluid following partial (6 mm central area) corneal deepithelialization in rabbits. Similarly, enolicam also inhibited this PMN response following corneal injury. Topical diclofenac was found to be more potent than topical enolicam in inhibiting the inflammatory PMN response following partial corneal injury. Both drugs did not affect the rate of reepithelialization following complete (limbal to limbal) corneal deepithelialization. PMID- 3503106 TI - Retinal toxicity of intravitreal cefoperazone. AB - Cefoperazone is a broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with potential usefulness in treating endophthalmitis because of its in vitro activity against Gram-negative organisms. Retinal toxicity was evaluated via serial indirect ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiologic testing and histopathologic examination of 43 Dutch-belted rabbit eyes injected intravitreally with 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 mg of cefoperazone in a volume of 0.1 cc each. They were compared with seven eyes injected with sterile saline. Results show electroretinographic and histological evidence of retinal toxicity at concentrations of 16 mg or greater, while a single intravitreal dose of 8 mg or less of cefoperazone produced no evidence of retinal toxicity. PMID- 3503107 TI - Plasma melatonin rhythm lost in preglaucomatous chicks. AB - Domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus) reared under continuous light, and thus developing light-induced avian glaucoma (LIAG), were tested at 4-hourly intervals around the clock, for evidence of hormonal or other rhythms which might be related to the eye effects of LIAG. Plasma melatonin, corticosterone and thyroxine (T4) all displayed daily rhythms in the young chick reared under control (diurnal) lighting conditions. These daily hormone cycles were somewhat damped under either continuous light or constant darkness, though there were hints of a surviving rhythm, albeit phase-shifted or free-running, in plasma corticosterone and T4. In the eye, mitotic rate in the corneal epithelium displayed a prominent rhythm, high in the dark and low in the light. This rhythm was suppressed by constant darkness, and also in continuous light, the latter apparently related to the impaired corneal growth of LIAG. The daily pattern of corneal mitotic activity and the diurnal curve for plasma melatonin showed remarkable similarities, suggesting the possibility of a causal relationship between the two phenomena. PMID- 3503108 TI - Oral haloperidol lowers human intraocular pressure. AB - This is a double masked, randomized, crossover design trial of orally administered haloperidol in human volunteers. There was a statistically significant drop of the intraocular pressure in non-glaucomatous volunteers at 3 and 4 hours following haloperidol administration. Glaucomatous patients on topical medications did not show a statistically significant drug effect. Non glaucomatous volunteers showed a statistically significant decrease in pupillary diameter 3 hours following haloperidol administration while glaucomatous subjects showed no significant change in pupillary diameter. There were no significant changes in the near point of accomodation. Dopamine antagonists like haloperidol may act by blocking post-synaptic dopamine receptors in the ciliary body, resulting in vasoconstriction and subsequently decreased aqueous humor production. Pharmacologic data from human use suggests that ocular side effects of topically administered haloperidol may be less than those of pilocarpine, while systemic side effects may be less than those of timolol. Haloperidol may become a cost-effective, once daily ocular hypotensive agent. Problems with preparation of a viable topical vehicle, as well as potential long-term side effects will require a great deal of further investigation. PMID- 3503109 TI - Effects of ibuterol, a beta-2 adrenergic prodrug, on intraocular pressure. AB - Ibuterol, a prodrug of terbutaline, was approximately 100 times more potent than terbutaline in producing ocular hypotension in the treated eye of normal and sympathectomized (SX) rabbits. In normal rabbits, ibuterol produced no change in IOP of the contralateral eye whereas in unilaterally SX rabbits a rise in IOP occurred in the SX (contralateral) eye when the normal eye was treated with ibuterol. Ibuterol also suppressed ocular hypertension induced by water loading and delayed the IOP recovery rate although its onset of action was delayed. Aqueous flow was increased significantly at 1 hr after ibuterol in fluorophotometric studies in normal rabbits. Pretreatment with forskolin antagonized rather than enhanced ibuterol-induced ocular hypotension. Pretreatment with diclofenac failed to suppress the development of tachyphylaxis to the ocular hypotensive effect of ibuterol. Although ibuterol is an effective ocular hypotensive agent in rabbits, the effects of this agent on aqueous flow are complex and tachyphylaxis to the ocular hypotensive effect develops fairly rapidly. PMID- 3503110 TI - Intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in rabbit and primate with d- and 1-adrenergic compounds. AB - The effects of the d- and 1-isomers of epinephrine and norepinephrine have been determined on intraocular pressure (IOP) in conscious rabbits and rhesus monkeys, and on aqueous humor turnover rate (AHTR) in rabbits. Relatively specific beta adrenergic antagonists (butoxamine and metoprolol) were used to attempt to modify the responses. The effects on IOP in both species are similar to those of racemic mixtures. The d- and 1-isomers of norepinephrine and epinephrine reduced IOP, and reduced AHTR in rabbits. The d- and 1-isomers of norepinephrine had little effect on IOP in monkeys while d- and 1-epinephrine increased IOP. Metoprolol, a beta 1 antagonist was more effective than butoxamine (beta 2-antagonist) at modifying the effect of the norepinephrine isomers in rabbits. PMID- 3503111 TI - Bendazac and benzydamine for treatment of cataract: individualized therapy by the "BLOA test". AB - It was found that two chemically very close Non-Steroid Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAID), bendazac and benzydamine, were able to reduce the Biological Liquid Oxidant Activity (BLOA) in vitro (bendezac) and in vivo (bendazac and benzydamine). Four hundred and seven patients were treated with bendazac and 599 with benzydamine. After a single dose oral administration they effected a BLOA Reducing Activity (BRA) ranging from 5% to over 20% in about 40% of cataractous patients. When these drugs were able to reduce the BLOA, they showed anticataract activity in about 50% and about 90% of patients according to the extent of BRA, i.e., less than 20% and greater than or equal to 20% of the basal value. This fact suggests that the anticataract agent is not the original NSAID (prodrug) but a NSAID metabolite or an elicited endogenous compound which produced the BLOA reduction. Individual BLOA could be reduced in vivo by benzydamine or bendazac, by both or by neither of them. This finding may be accounted for by selective biotransformation of each patient's original NSAID into the antioxidant anticataract compound. However, other possible mechanisms of the anticataract activity beside antioxidant activity might take place, such as protein and membrane stabilization, together with a not yet defined activation of enzymes within the lens effecting the reversal of cataractous opacity. Several side effects were apparent in short and long term treatments. The final conclusion of our study is that bendazac at a dosage ten-fold lower than that used in the clinics is anticataract drug when orally administered to "BLOA test selected" patients, at least for short term treatment of young, otherwise healthy humans with cortical cataract. PMID- 3503112 TI - Evaluations on the usefulness of viscous agents in anterior segment surgery. I. The ability to maintain the deepness of the anterior chamber. AB - Maintenance of the deepness of the anterior chamber is necessary to prevent the direct contact of surgical instruments with the corneal endothelium. Therefore, in this study, we measured the ability of viscous agents to maintain the deepness of the anterior chamber in vitro and discussed the correlations between this ability and the viscosity or elasticity of the various viscous agents. A 1% solution of sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 2160 X 10(3) which has the highest viscosity and elasticity showed the best ability to maintain deepness. A 2% solution of methylcellulose with a molecular weight of 86 X 10(3) and a 1% solution of sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 790 X 10(3) were also useful in maintaining the deepness. On the other hand, a 50% solution of sodium chondroitin sulfate with a molecular weight of 30 X 10(3), which has a higher viscosity but a lower elasticity than methylcellulose or sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 790 X 10(3), was unable to maintain sufficient deepness. A 1% solution of sodium hyaluronate with a molecular weight of 250 X 10(3) which has the lowest viscosity and elasticity was completely ineffective for maintaining deepness. These results suggest that the ability to maintain the deepness of the anterior chamber depends on the elasticity of the viscous agent rather than its viscosity. PMID- 3503113 TI - Effect of cimetidine and pyrilamine on histamine-induced ocular surface hyperemia. AB - Histamine-induced ocular surface redness was virtually abolished by a combination of cimetidine (H2-receptor antagonist) and pyrilamine (H1-receptor antagonist), whereas either antagonist administered alone produced no significant reduction. It appears that combined H1- and H2-antagonist therapy is required for effective blockade of ocular responses to histamine that involve both receptor subtypes. PMID- 3503114 TI - Influence of pindolol and timolol treatment on the visual fields of glaucoma patients. AB - In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-masked study of glaucoma patients, visual fields, intraocular pressures, blood pressures, and pulse rates were measured after a 4-week wash-out period and after three and six months of treatment with either pindolol 1% or timolol 0.5% twice daily. Both drugs reduced significantly the IOP. The blood pressure was not changed significantly whereas the pulse rate was reduced more in the timolol treated group than in the pindolol treated group. The visual fields of the pindolol group showed on the average a slight tendency towards improvement and in the timolol treated group a very slight tendency for deterioration. The difference between these two trends was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). PMID- 3503115 TI - Ocular hypertensive responses in pigmented rabbits following different methods of waterloading. AB - Waterloading tests are used in rabbits to screen potentially useful ocular hypotensive drugs. The present study examines the ocular hypertensive response following oral, intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of water in conscious Dutch belt pigmented rabbits. All methods of waterloading were well tolerated by rabbits. However, intraperitoneal waterloading provided an ocular hypertensive effect of longer duration than either oral or intravenous waterloading. PMID- 3503116 TI - Proton NMR spectroscopy of glucose consumption by cultured lens epithelial cells. AB - Proton NMR spectroscopy was performed on media collected from cultured lens epithelial cells of the rabbit eye incubated with Krebs-Ringer's solution containing 5.5mM 13C-glucose (labeled at the C-1 position). Comparing proton resonance intensities of the lactate-methyl group of the C-3 carbon (both 12C and 13C) enabled us to quantify the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity. Our results showed that the epithelial cells remained stable in both lactate production and HMPS activity for at least 8 hours. In addition, although tBHP (1mM) resulted in an increase of glucose flow through the HMPS, the rate of lactate production was not affected. In contrast, KCN (2mM) caused a 72% increase of lactate production and a slight (6%) decrease of glucose consumption through the HMPS. PMID- 3503117 TI - Cyclosporine therapy of guinea-pig autoimmune uveoretinitis induced with autologous retina. AB - Pigmented guinea-pigs were immunized by a single bilateral footpad injection of their own retina from one enucleated eye, mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. Ocular inflammation started on the third week, and was still detectable in the fourth month. Daily subcutaneous injections of Cyclosporine (CsA) (20 mg/kg) from the day of immunization totally prevented the ocular disease, clinically and histologically, confirming earlier experiments in S-antigen induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in rats. When CsA injections (20 mg or 10 mg/kg) were started at the onset time of EAU, a rapid regression of the inflammation occurred. This curative therapy was given during two months. No relapse was observed after having stopped the treatment. On the fourth month, only mild lesions of photoreceptors were found histologically, compared to extensive retinal destruction in controls. Most control guinea-pigs developed antibodies to antigens contained in guinea-pig retinal extract as tested by ELISA. The serum antibody content was lower in treated than in control animals. The autologous model of EAU in pigmented guinea-pigs seems to be very appropriate for testing immunosuppressive drugs in conditions close to clinical practice. PMID- 3503118 TI - On the use of ketamine in ocular pharmacological studies. AB - The effects of ketamine anesthesia in ocular pharmacological studies were investigated in albino rabbits over a period of 6 hr. Ketamine injection (30 or 90 mg/kg, i.m.) was accompanied by a 6 mm Hg elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), lasting for 2-4 hr. Body temperature (Tb) showed an initial significant increase followed by a decrease, with changes ranging between +1.6 to -1.2 degrees C. Aqueous humor levels of ethoxzolamide following topical application of a 2% suspension were 2-9 times higher in ketamine-treated rabbits. The observed elimination rate constant for ethoxzolamide was A = -0.34 hr-1 in ketamine treated rabbits, half of that observed in normal rabbits (A = -0.73 hr-1). In spite of the higher ethoxzolamide levels in aqueous humor, the measured ocular hypotensive response to ethoxzolamide was greatly reduced by ketamine treatment. These findings demonstrate that great care should be taken in interpretation and comparison of ocular pharmacological data obtained in ketamine-anesthetized rabbits. PMID- 3503119 TI - Metabolic and permeation barriers to the ocular absorption of topically applied enkephalins in albino rabbits. AB - The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that there existed substantial metabolic and permeation barriers to the ocular absorption of topically applied peptides in the albino rabbit. Leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, and [D-ala2]-met-enkephalinamide were used as model peptides, while radiotracer techniques were used as the analytical methodology. The corneal epithelium was found to offer considerable resistance to the permeation of these peptides from tears into aqueous humor, as evidenced by the 1% or less of topical dose absorbed and by a 14 fold improvement in the amount of peptide absorbed upon removing the corneal epithelium prior to solution instillation. The metabolic barrier, believed to be composed of aminopeptidases and other peptidases, was also substantial in that less than 1% and 13% of the methionine and leucine enkephalins absorbed, respectively, remained intact. Unfortunately, this barrier was not perturbed appreciably by pretreating the eye with bestatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor. Results obtained with [D-ala2]-met-enkephalinamide suggest that a more practical strategy to circumvent this metabolic barrier is to administer metabolically stable peptide analogs. PMID- 3503120 TI - Effects of eyelid closure and nasolacrimal duct occlusion on the systemic absorption of ocular timolol in human subjects. AB - Eyelid closure and nasolacrimal occlusion may decrease the systemic absorption of topically applied drugs. We studied the absorption kinetics of 20 microliter 0.5% timolol eyedrops in eight healthy volunteers. Each subject was supine for 30 minutes after the drug application. In randomized order, the volunteers kept their eyelids closed (ELC), or applied nasolacrimal occlusion (NLO) or blinked normally. Blood samples were drawn up to 90 minutes and analyzed for timolol with a radioreceptor assay. There was great interindividual variation in the timolol absorption. NLO reduced the total timolol absorption, but in some subjects the initial absorption was also enhanced by this procedure. PMID- 3503121 TI - Bioavailability and penetration of topical amphotericin B in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. AB - The penetration of topical amphotericin B was studied in Dutch-belted rabbits using bioassay and radioassay techniques. Seven percent of total amphotericin B in the corneas, as measured by recovered 14-C, and 5% in the aqueous was in a bioactive form. Drug was not detectable by bioassay after single drop administration but after a loading dose approach, drug was present in therapeutic amounts. In inflamed corneas, a pass-through effect was noted with higher levels initially but rapid fall-off subsequently. PMID- 3503122 TI - Eyelid anaphylactic reaction to atracurium with general anesthesia. AB - Atracurium is a relatively new neuromuscular blocking anesthetic with known histamine release effects which has become popular in ophthalmic anesthesia. This report describes the IV use of Atracurium causing an anaphylactic reaction manifested by localized edema of all four eyelids, conjunctival chemosis and mild laryngeal edema requiring scheduled ptosis and strabismus surgery to be cancelled. PMID- 3503123 TI - The effect of salt acclimation of the water uptake and osmotic permeability of the skin of the toad (Bufo viridis, L.). AB - 1. Water uptake in vivo, and water fluxes across the isolated skin were studied in salt (NaCl) acclimated toads. 2. Water uptake of acclimated toads maintained in the solution of acclimation, decreased with the environmental salinity. 3. The osmotic water permeability (Pos) of the skin increased upon salt (NaCl) acclimation, both in vivo and in vitro. 4. Pos of the skin of toads acclimated to non-permeant solutes such as sucrose (230 mmol/l) or mannitol (400 nmol/l), was greatly reduced. 5. Oxytocin (syntocinon) increased the Pos both in tap water and salt acclimated toads. In high salt (greater than 200 mmol/l NaCl) acclimated toads however, the increased Pos and water flux at larger osmotic gradients, could not be stimulated further by the hormone. 6. The adaptive nature of the selective changes in the permeability properties of the skin under salt acclimation conditions is discussed. PMID- 3503124 TI - Elope. Why psychiatric patients go A.W.O.L. PMID- 3503125 TI - Group support in the treatment of PMS. PMID- 3503126 TI - The schizophrenic at home. PMID- 3503127 TI - Polish Americans. Historical and cultural perspectives of influence in the use of mental health services. PMID- 3503128 TI - Clinical supervision for psychiatric nurses. AB - Supervision does not represent merely the acquisition of facts. It is an emotionally charged process that touches on therapists' affective problems, interpersonal conflicts, problems in being helped, and problems in helping (Ekstein). As such, it is a process similar to, but not the same as, psychotherapy. Supervision is necessary for continued professional growth, no matter how skilled the nurse may be. Other mental health disciplines have long accepted supervision as an essential component of professional work. A number of methods can be used to review the therapist's work, including case material discussion, conjoint interviewing, direct observation, and review of mechanical recordings. This can be done individually, in groups, or among peers. A supervisor can be a senior clinician from any of the mental health disciplines. The nurse should not be limited to receiving supervision only from other nurses. Periodic evaluations of the supervisory relationship as well as the therapist's skills are recommended. Supervision is a valuable tool that the nurse therapist should use fully to develop the professional self. PMID- 3503130 TI - Population reduction as a factor in the control of skunk rabies in Alberta. AB - Population reduction is being used currently to combat skunk rabies in Alberta. A total of 2,398 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were removed from three counties of southern Alberta during 1980-1983 in an effort to combat rabies outbreaks in those areas. The methods employed included trapping, poisoning, and shooting. Skunks in Forty Mile County have been rabies-free for 4 yr and the outbreaks in Newell and Warner counties appear to be under control. The data suggest that population reduction has been effective in controlling rabies in those areas. PMID- 3503129 TI - Prevalence of neutralizing antibody to Jamestown Canyon virus (California group) in populations of elk and moose in northern Michigan and Ontario, Canada. AB - Blood samples were collected from free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) harvested in Michigan's northern Lower Peninsula, from moose (Alces alces) relocated from Ontario's Algonquin Provincial Park to Michigan's Upper Peninsula, and from moose from Michigan's Isle Royale National Park. Sera were tested by serum dilution neutralization tests in Vero cell culture for neutralizing antibody to California serogroup viruses, in particular Jamestown Canyon (JC), La Crosse/snowshoe hare (LAC/SSH), and trivittatus (TVT) viruses. Specific neutralizing antibody to JC virus was detected in 71% of 31 and 65% of 20 moose from Algonquin and Isle Royale, respectively. An additional six moose from Algonquin and five from Isle Royale showed evidence of multiple infection. One juvenile moose from Isle Royale had specific neutralizing antibody to TVT virus. Specific neutralizing antibody to JC virus was detected also in 54% of 50 elk from Michigan; 20 of the 50 elk showed evidence of multiple infection. While no single serum sample showed specific neutralizing antibody only to LAC/SSH virus, its presence in sera from some animals may have been masked by the high prevalence of antibody to JC virus. PMID- 3503131 TI - Immunoblot assay: a rapid and sensitive method for identification of salmonid fish viruses. AB - An immunoblot assay was used to identify the viruses of infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia. Viral antigen in infected cell culture supernatant was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane or Whatman 541 filter paper and detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The immunoblot assay took less than 4 hr to perform and required no special instrumentation. Assays using cell culture supernatant fluids showed immunoblot sensitivity was 10(5) - 10(6) PFU/ml. Assay sensitivity, determined using purified virus, is 0.85-4.0 ng of viral antigen. The immunoblot assay was used to detect and identify virus in cell culture fluids. PMID- 3503132 TI - Leptospirosis in red foxes in Ontario. AB - The role of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the epizootiology of leptospirosis in southwestern Ontario was investigated in 1973-1974. Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (kennewicki by DNA analysis) was isolated from the kidneys of three of eight foxes tested. Severe hemorrhagic nephritis and interstitial nephritis were common to these foxes and to five others out of nine foxes examined. Autumnalis antibodies were detected at titers 10(-2) to 10(-5) in 12 of 100 fox sera. Pomona antibodies occurred in 6% of the sera, always accompanied by autumnalis antibodies, and at titers never exceeding the autumnalis titers. Cultural, serological, and pathological findings together indicated that the red fox could have been acting as an amplifier host, but not as a maintenance host, for pomona. PMID- 3503133 TI - Gram-negative septicemia in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). AB - Six species of bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) not commonly reported as associated with disease in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were documented, suggesting that Aeromonas is not the only bacterium responsible for septicemia in crocodilians. These included Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Proteus sp., Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella oxytoca. Clinical signs of disease included intensive basking, anorexia, lethargy, flaccid limb paralysis, stomatitis, and dermatitis. Our data indicated that early treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics was preferable to waiting for sensitivity results. PMID- 3503134 TI - An epizootic in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caused by a sorbitol positive serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri. AB - Enteric redmouth disease is described in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at a state hatchery in Sand Ridge, Illinois. Biochemical, isoenzyme, and serological data indicated that the epizootic was caused by a sorbitol fermenting Serovar 2 strain of Yersinia ruckeri. In laboratory experiments the isolate was pathogenic for both brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PMID- 3503135 TI - Cryptosporidial infections in captive wild animals. AB - Neonatal diarrhea was an important cause of morbidity and mortality in a hand rearing facility for exotic ruminants at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Studies undertaken to determine the causes of the problem revealed that oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. were demonstrable in auramine O stained fecal smears from 52 of 183 (28.4%) animals examined. Cryptosporidial infection was identified in 21 of 40 species of exotic ruminants with diarrhea. In addition, cryptosporidia were associated with gastroenteric disease in two primates and two reptiles. It was observed also that auramine O stained coccidial oocysts of the genus Eimeria, which were present in five of 183 (2.7%) of the specimens examined. PMID- 3503136 TI - Gastrointestinal helminths of the northern bobwhite in Florida: 1968 and 1983. AB - We collected 153 northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) over a 10-mo period from Tall Timbers Research Station near Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Five species of gastrointestinal helminths were encountered commonly (greater than 30% prevalence): Cyrnea colini, Raillietina cesticillus, R. colinia, Heterakis isolonche, and Trichostrongylus tenuis. Other helminths included Brachylaima sp., Rhabdometra odiosa, Mediorhynchus papillosis, Cheilospirura spinosa, Dispharynx nasuta, Gongylonema ingluvicola, and Tetrameres pattersoni. During the intervening 15 yr since the last year-round study of this population of birds, C. spinosa and T. pattersoni have declined markedly, and Strongyloides sp. probably has become extinct locally. Prevalence and intensity seem more likely to fluctuate in parasite species that have complex life cycles. PMID- 3503138 TI - Eimeria fraterculae sp. n. in the kidneys of Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) from Newfoundland, Canada: species description and lesions. AB - Renal coccidiosis is reported for the first time in an auk (Alcidae). Infection was detected in seven of 50 nestling Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) and a new species of coccidia, Eimeria fraterculae sp. n., is described. The structure and sporulation of oocysts are characterized. Meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts were present in collecting duct epithelium of medullary cones. The predominant host response was hypertrophy of infected cells, tubule dilation, and a mild localized peritubular infiltration with mononuclear inflammatory cells. PMID- 3503139 TI - Histological aspects of natural eustrongyloid infections of the northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon. AB - Encapsulated as well as unencapsulated fourth stage larvae of Eustrongylides sp. were found in four northern water snakes, Nerodia sipedon, from Virginia. Unencapsulated nematodes occurred within muscle, subcutaneous tissue and in the coelom. Encapsulated nematodes occurred in three forms: recently encapsulated, degenerating, or sclerotic; they were found on the mesentery, in muscle and subcutaneous tissue. Encapsulation was associated with muscular hypotrophy, fibroplasia and eosinophilia. PMID- 3503137 TI - Tick (Dermacentor albipictus)-induced winter hair-loss in captive moose (Alces alces). AB - Five captive moose calves each infested with 42,000 larval Dermacentor albipictus, six calves each infested with 19,000-21,000, and five control moose were observed for changes in hair-loss, body condition and number, stages, and distribution of the tick. Winter hair-loss was observed only in moose infested with ticks and was correlated positively with the total number of adult ticks. Hair-loss associated with ticks was minimal from October to January, but rapidly increased from February to April when up to 44% of hair had been removed. The pattern of hair-loss was similar in all moose with the neck, shoulders, withers, and perianal areas losing the most hair. Moose with extensive premature hair-loss had less pericardial and abdominal visceral fat than moose with little or no hair loss. PMID- 3503140 TI - Congestive cardiomyopathy in the woodchuck, Marmota monax. AB - Congestive cardiomyopathy was diagnosed during post mortem examination in eight of 149 adult woodchucks from New York. The eight woodchucks, four males and four females, died spontaneously without clinical signs of heart failure having been detected. The primary lesion was a grossly enlarged and dilated heart. Histologic lesions consisted of multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis. Secondary lesions of congestive heart failure were observed. PMID- 3503141 TI - Acute oral toxicity of sodium cyanide in birds. AB - Sensitivities of six avian species, black vulture (Coragyps atratus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus), eastern screech-owl (Otus asio), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), to acute poisoning by sodium cyanide (NaCN) were compared by single dose LD50's. Three species, domestic chickens, black vultures, and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), were dosed with NaCN to determine cyanide residues in those that died and also in survivors, in addition to postmortem fate. Three flesh-eating species (black vulture, American kestrel, and eastern screech-owl; LD50's 4.0-8.6 mg/kg) were more sensitive to NaCN than three species (Japanese quail, domestic chicken, and European starling; LD50's 9.4-21 mg/kg) that fed predominantly on plant material. Elevated concentrations of cyanide were found in the blood of birds that died of cyanide poisoning; however, concentrations in birds that died overlapped those in survivors. Blood was superior to liver as the tissue of choice for detecting cyanide exposure. No gross pathological changes related to dosing were observed at necropsy. PMID- 3503142 TI - Renal function and fractional clearances of American river otters (Lutra canadensis). AB - The finely lobulated kidneys of American river otters (Lutra canadensis) are not visualized on plain abdominal radiographs. Similar values for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and uric acid were obtained on different analytical systems used in 1984 and 1985. The mean +/- SD for measured plasma osmolalities (309.80 +/- 8.86 mOsmol/kg) of otters in 1985 was significantly (P less than 0.01) less than that of calculated serum osmolalities in the same 1985 specimens (321.61 +/- 5.64 mOsmol/kg) and in 1984 specimens (322.20 +/- 7.16 mOsmol/kg). Urine specific gravities and osmolalities were highly correlated (r = 0.92). On routine urinalysis, protein and bilirubin were frequent chemical findings, and urobilinogen was present in all urine samples. White and red blood cells and epithelial cells were frequent findings on urine microscopic examinations. Proteus mirabilis was cultured from four of four female otters with genitourinary infections. The mean +/- SD creatinine values for paired serum and urine samples (n = 13) were serum creatinine (Scr) 0.66 +/- 0.09 mg/dl and urine creatinine (Ucr) 186.9 +/- 55.6 mg/dl. Corresponding values for serum electrolytes (Se) and urine electrolytes (Ue) yielded mean +/- SD calculated renal fractional clearances (FC = Ue/Se x Scr/Ucr) of sodium 9.65 +/- 5.81 x 10(-4), potassium 4.15 +/- 2.01 x 10(-2), chloride 10.81 +/- 5.33 x 10(-4), calcium 4.52 +/- 4.46 x 10(-3), and phosphate 6.58 +/- 3.44 x 10(-3). PMID- 3503143 TI - Physiologic and electrocardiographic responses of American river otters (Lutra canadensis) during chemical immobilization and inhalation anesthesia. AB - Rectal temperatures and heart rates of American river otters (Lutra canadensis) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) during chemical immobilization with i.m. ketamine hydrochloride in combination with xylazine hydrochloride and acepromazine and during inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane. Anesthetized otters showed a tendency for apnea during induction and while dorsally recumbent, which was reflected by a respiratory acidosis on arterial blood gases. Declines in rectal temperatures and heart rates were not found to be a function of dosage (mg/kg) of the ketamine combination used except for rectal temperatures of otters in relatively poor body condition (inanition). The electrocardiograms of isoflurane-anesthetized otters were similar to those recorded on immobilized otters with the exception of an r' deflection in the ventricular depolarization complex (RSr'). Electrocardiographic criteria were not found which predicted the degree of right ventricular or generalized cardiac enlargement seen radiographically. PMID- 3503144 TI - Ichthyophonus infection in a Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) from Oregon. PMID- 3503145 TI - Fusarium oxysporum in red sea bream (Pagrus sp.). PMID- 3503146 TI - Sporulated coccidian oocysts resembling Goussia Labbe, 1896 in the viscera of Nile crocodiles. PMID- 3503147 TI - Helminths of the red-knobbed coot (Fulica cristata) from Barberspan, Republic of South Africa. PMID- 3503148 TI - Helminth fauna of beaver from central Texas. PMID- 3503149 TI - Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in New Brunswick: the parasite in terrestrial gastropods. PMID- 3503150 TI - Natural infections of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and African red monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Sudan with taeniid cysticerci. PMID- 3503151 TI - Parasites and serological survey of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. PMID- 3503152 TI - Feather loss of unknown etiology in a gull colony in Newfoundland, Canada. PMID- 3503153 TI - Renal hyperostotic osteodystrophy associated with unilateral renal aplasia in a captive maned wolf. PMID- 3503154 TI - Failure of yohimbine hydrochloride to antagonize ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of gray wolves. PMID- 3503156 TI - Use and abuse of literary concepts in medicine. PMID- 3503155 TI - Immobilization of coyotes with xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride and antagonism by yohimbine hydrochloride. PMID- 3503157 TI - Metaphorical language and terminal illness: reflections upon images of death. PMID- 3503158 TI - Esthetics and anesthetics: mimesis, hermeneutics, and treatment in literature and medicine. PMID- 3503160 TI - Clinical tales. PMID- 3503161 TI - A controversy about clinical form. PMID- 3503159 TI - Literature and medicine: towards a simultaneity of theory and practice. PMID- 3503162 TI - A case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 3503163 TI - A case of self defense. PMID- 3503164 TI - The limits of narrative. PMID- 3503165 TI - To render the lives of patients. PMID- 3503166 TI - Sequel. PMID- 3503167 TI - The impact of literature upon health: some varieties of cathartic response. PMID- 3503168 TI - Literature and medicine: in quest of method. PMID- 3503169 TI - Dream doctors as healers in drama and film: a paradigm, an antecedent, and an imitation. PMID- 3503170 TI - Darwinism in Victorian letters. PMID- 3503172 TI - How to read The Body in Pain. PMID- 3503171 TI - Literature and medicine as a critical discourse. PMID- 3503173 TI - The healthy text. PMID- 3503174 TI - Poems and patients: the balance of interpretation. PMID- 3503176 TI - Not choosing not to be: Victorian literary responses to suicide. PMID- 3503177 TI - A book by its cover: sonnet on an otolaryngological text. PMID- 3503178 TI - The pharmakos figure in modern American stories of physicians and patients. PMID- 3503179 TI - An ultrastructural study of the geniculo-suprachiasmatic projection in the rat. PMID- 3503180 TI - Influence of the endosymbiont on the interaction of Crithidia deanei with macrophages. PMID- 3503181 TI - Calcium binding sites in the Discopyge tschuddi electrocyte: physiological implications. PMID- 3503182 TI - Surgery for the persistent ductus arteriosus: a review of 625 cases. PMID- 3503183 TI - The dental status of the Kayans of Long Atip, Baram, Sarawak. PMID- 3503184 TI - "Limy bile"--a case report. PMID- 3503186 TI - Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland: a case report. PMID- 3503185 TI - A case of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). PMID- 3503187 TI - Factitious disorder: a case study of fictitious illness. PMID- 3503188 TI - Sleep walking in adults: two case reports. PMID- 3503189 TI - Acute retrograde jejunogastric intussusception 20 years after Bilroth II gastrectomy: a case report. PMID- 3503190 TI - Acute suppurative dacryoadenitis. PMID- 3503191 TI - Emergencies in the air and the captain's bag. PMID- 3503192 TI - The need for greater awareness on the importance of prevention. PMID- 3503193 TI - Ethnic and clinical features of female stroke patients admitted to the Penang General Hospital during a one year period. PMID- 3503194 TI - Cardiac surgery in General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur: review of all open-heart operations. April 1982 to February 1987. PMID- 3503195 TI - Temporary cardiac pacing at the bedside. PMID- 3503196 TI - The cervical aortic arch. PMID- 3503197 TI - Complete heart block complicating acute myocardial infarction: a six-year review. PMID- 3503198 TI - Transposition of great arteries: a preliminary report on local experience with balloon atrial septostomy. PMID- 3503199 TI - The pathology of asthma: with emphasis on the role of the eosinophil. AB - The pathology of asthma is characterized by mucus plugging of the bronchi and bronchioles, shedding of the respiratory epithelium with the formation of Creola bodies, denudation of the epithelium, the presence of necrotic eosinophilic material beneath the epithelium, a thickened basement membrane zone, bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy, and goblet cell hyperplasia. In addition, pronounced tissue eosinophilia is present and Charcot-Leyden crystals may be present in sputum. Information linking the eosinophil to the pathophysiology of asthma is presented and the possibility that the eosinophil is a major effector of the inflammation associated with asthma is discussed. PMID- 3503200 TI - Asthma deaths. PMID- 3503201 TI - Mortality from asthma. AB - Since 1979 there has been a progressive increase in rates of death from asthma in the United States. This increase in mortality has been most extreme among blacks. It has occurred in all regions of the U.S. as well as some other countries. The problem requires further study to identify the cause. PMID- 3503202 TI - Asthma deaths in the United Kingdom. AB - Mortality due to asthma was recognised by Thomas Willis in 1671 though it was not until the early 1960s that an epidemic of death raised major concern in the United Kingdom. Initially over-treatment with beta agonist aerosols was blamed as the cause both here and in Australia and New Zealand. Further studies in London, Cardiff and Birmingham suggested this was not the case, rather than under diagnosis, under appreciation and under treatment were a more common cause of asthma mortality. The British Thoracic Society's confidential survey in 1979 confirmed these findings and further suggested that wrong certification was a potential source of inaccuracy in older age groups. More recently the New Zealand Asthma Task Force have reported the results of a two year national survey of deaths, revealing similar results to the UK studies, also finding little evidence of beta agonist over usage, little effect of nebulized drug administration and no significant theophylline drug over usage. An examination of trends in Asthma Mortality in the United Kingdom by Stewart and Nunn shows that the changes in the World Health Organisation I.C.D. coding of 1967 and 1978 had little overall effect on asthma death certification in the 15-44 year old age group. When this is taken into account they found that asthma mortality has declined from 1958 to 1982 in females but that there has been no change in males despite therapeutic advances over the period. Asthma mortality date derived since; however, does suggest a small but significant annual incremental rise in the 15 to 44 year age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503203 TI - Asthma mortality in children: a 16-years experience at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. AB - Over the 16-year period from August 1969 to August 1985, 15 children aged 9 to 19 years, well-known to physicians in the Allergy Section of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia died unexpectedly of asthma outside the hospital. There were no deaths in hospitalized asthmatics during this time. Over half the deaths occurred since 1979, the same period in which significant increases in asthma deaths and hospitalizations were noted nationwide. The 15 children all had certain features in common and then subdivided into three subgroups. From analysis of the data five maxims for management of high-risk, chronic asthmatics were developed. PMID- 3503204 TI - Sudden death in adolescent asthma. AB - There has been an increase in mortality from asthma in the adolescent age group in the past several years. Although the exact cause of this is not known, a number of factors probably contribute. We have identified four areas of major concern which we believe place adolescents with asthma at high risk. These include physiological factors such as night-time worsening of disease (or "dipping"), non-compliance with the medical regimen, stress associated with daily living and parental expectation, and depression/suicide with asthma as the modality. Identification of those individuals who are at risk and intervention into the contributory factors may reduce asthma deaths. PMID- 3503205 TI - Deaths from asthma in childhood: can they be predicted? AB - We have used a case-controlled study to clarify positive, as well as negative, clinical characteristics of children who die with asthma. Variables discriminating between 21 patients who died from asthma and 21 asthmatic control cases matched for age, sex, and severity of illness were: 1) seizures with asthma attacks (p less than 0.01); 2) large reductions in prednisone dose (p less than 0.01); 3) disregard of wheezing (p less than 0.06); 4) increased asthma in the week before discharge (p less than 0.05); 5) poor self-care (p less than 0.01); 6) parent/staff conflict (p less than 0.01); 7) depressive symptoms (p less than 0.05); 8) use of inhaled beclomethasone (p less than 0.05); 9) patient/staff conflict (p less than 0.01); 10) patient/parent conflict (p less than 0.05); 11) manipulative use of asthma (p less than 0.01); 12) emotional disturbance (p less than 0.01); 13) history of reaction to separation or loss (p less than 0.01); and 14) family dysfunction (p less than 0.05). Most of the clinical characteristics previously thought to place patients at greater risk for a fatal asthmatic attack were equally frequent in the children who died and the control cases. This study indicates that psychological risk factors were prominent in severely asthmatic children who subsequently died of asthma. PMID- 3503206 TI - Summary of symposium on asthmatic deaths. PMID- 3503207 TI - [Effects of the administration of fentanyl to pregnant women at term]. PMID- 3503208 TI - [Psychomotor recovery in short-term isoflurane anesthesia]. PMID- 3503209 TI - [Use of selective high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in pulmonary lobectomy]. PMID- 3503210 TI - [Neglected closed chest injury and chylothorax. Importance of computerized axial tomography. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 3503211 TI - [Description of a case of tracheoesophageal fistula following endotracheal intubation]. PMID- 3503212 TI - [14th national meeting of the Italian Society of Parasitology. Pisa, 21-24 May 1986. Round Table: "New biological and epidemiological aspects of Echinococcus granulosus"]. PMID- 3503213 TI - [14th national meeting of the Italian Society of Parasitology. Pisa, 21-24 May 1986. Abstracts]. PMID- 3503214 TI - [14th national meeting of the Italian Society of Parasitology. Pisa, 21-24 May 1986. Round Table: "Immunobiology of the Protozoa"]. PMID- 3503215 TI - New prospects in immunology of toxoplasmosis: skin-tests for control of immunity and immuno-assays and agglutination tests for the detection of specific IgM antibodies. AB - An excretory-secretory (ES) antigen was extracted from supernatants of cell cultures infected with Toxoplasma gondii, purified and controlled according to current standards. In 638 volunteers, the correlation with fluorescent antibody was 94.2% and no false positive skin tests were noted. The skin test did not transform an originally negative serological test into a positive one. For the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis, this sensitive, specific and inexpensive skin test can be widely used for the detection of immunity to Toxoplasma in women before their first pregnancy. During pregnancy, the detection of specific IgM is very important for the diagnosis of a recently acquired toxoplasmosis and allows for an immediate treatment. For this detection and for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, five different serological tests were compared: Indirect Fluorescent Antibody-test (IFA), ELISA test, ELISA test After Capture of IgM (ACCAs), Reverse Enzyme Immuno Assay R-EIA), Double-Sandwich Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (DS-ELISA) and ImmunoSorbent AGglutination Assay (ISAGA). For 37 sera of recently acquired toxoplasmosis, IgM were detected in 98.7% with ISAGA, in 89.5% with DS-ELISA and ELISA in 83% with R-EIA and in 59% with IFA test. The best specificity is obtained with ISAGA, DS-ELISA and R-EIA, from controls with non immune patients (99 cases), patients with chronic toxoplasmosis (77 sera), rheumatoid factors (35 sera) or anti-nuclear antibodies (7 sera). In 21 sera from infants with congenital toxoplasmosis, ISAGA was positive in 13 cases (62%), IFA in 5 cases (24%), ELISA and R-EIA in 2 cases (9.5%) and DS-ELISA in 9 cases (43%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503216 TI - [Grading of prostatic carcinoma: comparative analysis of some different evaluation criteria]. PMID- 3503217 TI - [Bone marrow in the elderly: normal and pathological patterns frequently encountered. Study of biopsy and autopsy case records]. PMID- 3503218 TI - [Interest and indications of skin fibroblast cultures in medical practice]. PMID- 3503219 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4). PMID- 3503220 TI - [Stromal reaction and lymph node changes in laryngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 3503221 TI - [Histochemical evaluation of connective collagen in chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 3503222 TI - [Opportunistic infections in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 3503223 TI - Interparietal meningoencephalocele. Clinico-pathological correlations. PMID- 3503224 TI - Two unusual tumors of the urinary bladder. PMID- 3503226 TI - Lipoma of the liver. PMID- 3503225 TI - Muir-Torre's syndrome. Report of a case with a long follow-up. PMID- 3503227 TI - [Histological and immunohistochemical aspects of the sterile testis]. PMID- 3503228 TI - Differentiation phenotypes on cells of acute myeloid leukemia studied by My7, My9, My4, Mo1 and Ja monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 3503229 TI - [Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, type I. Clinico-hematological and ultrastructural study of a case diagnosed late]. PMID- 3503230 TI - [Giant nerve-sheath fibroma. Apropos of a case associated with hepatorenal polycystosis]. PMID- 3503231 TI - [Serology of total E immunoglobulins in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 3503232 TI - Ectopic sebaceous glands in the esophageal mucosa. PMID- 3503233 TI - [Endolymphatic stromal myosis]. PMID- 3503234 TI - Changes in salt taste in dialysis and their relationship to blood constituents. AB - Taste sensitivity for sodium chloride in solution and sensitivity and preference for sodium chloride in bread were measured in 14 male patients undergoing hemodialysis. There was an increase in sensitivity to salt taste following dialysis only when assessed using the bread samples. Patients on a lower sodium diet were more sensitive to salt taste in bread. Although the taste changes were not related to the decreases in serum sodium or to copper, greater increases in sensitivity were related to greater increases in serum zinc during dialysis. PMID- 3503235 TI - Effect of directed attention on cerebral asymmetries in stuttering adults. AB - 9 stutterers and 9 nonstutterers were administered a dichotic digits test under conditions of free recall and directed attention. Analysis indicated right-ear preference for both groups and no differences between the free recall and directed listening conditions. Results are discussed in relation to previous studies in which dichotic digit-stimuli were presented to stutterers. PMID- 3503236 TI - Sensory-substitution systems for the sensorily impaired: the case for the use of tactile-vibratory stimulation. AB - A case is made for the use of tactile-vibratory stimulation in devising sensory substitution systems for sensorily impaired humans. PMID- 3503237 TI - Behavioral weight reduction program for mentally retarded adult females. AB - Behavioral treatment approaches to obesity in 17 mild-to-moderate retarded female adults were assigned to one of two experimental conditions, (a) behavioral self control along with a physical activity component and (b) behavioral self-control. No significant differences were noted between groups on the indices of body weight and tricep skinfold thickness. A one-way analysis of variance with a repeated measure yielded a significant main effect of time for change in weight for both groups at the end of the 8-week treatment. Questions were raised about the possible role of nonspecific motivational factors versus cognitive factors in behavioral-weight reduction programs. PMID- 3503239 TI - Concept formation and verbalization. PMID- 3503238 TI - Effects of alcohol and nicotine on free recall of relevant cues. AB - It is proposed that alcohol and nicotine will affect free recall of relevant cues and that these effects are mediated by changes in level of arousal. Alcohol (0.0 ml, 0.97 ml, or 2.33 ml per kg of body weight) and nicotine (no cigarettes, or two cigarettes each containing 1.3 mg of nicotine) were administered either individually or jointly to six groups of 15 men, such that different combinations of alcohol and nicotine induced different levels of arousal. Since subjects performed at chance level on recall of word-color, which constituted the irrelevant cue, no conclusions regarding the effect of the drugs on recall of irrelevant cues could be drawn. Under conditions of high arousal, induced by the administration of nicotine or a low dose of alcohol, immediate free recall of 20 adjectives was superior to recall in the low-arousal conditions (a moderate dose of alcohol administered either singly or in conjunction with nicotine) and in the control group. This finding is in line with the prediction that arousal, induced by nicotine or a low alcohol dose enhances attention to high-priority task components. PMID- 3503240 TI - Test of the validity of the Vando R-A Scale. AB - The purpose of this study was to gather evidence on the validity of the Vando R-A Scale, a paper-and-pencil measure of perceptual reactance. The Vando R-A Scale and Petrie's kinesthetic aftereffect measure of perceptual reactance were administered to 46 participants drawn from university undergraduates. The Vando R A Scale was not a valid measure of perceptual reactance. The continued use of the Vando R-A Scale as an alternate measure of perceptual reactance is contraindicated. PMID- 3503241 TI - Sex-role effects (if any). AB - Two studies that seem to show conflicting effects of sex role on psychomotor reminiscence and performance are reviewed, and an effort is made to reconcile the discrepant results. PMID- 3503242 TI - Gifted children and Visual Aural Digit Span test performance. AB - The performance of 81 gifted elementary students on the Visual Aural Digit Span test is discussed. The students generally showed advanced performance from Grade 1 through Grade 5 and from age 7-0 yr. through 11-11 yr. Performance at Grade 6 and the 12-0 to 12-11-yr.-old levels were generally at age-expected levels and were probably restricted due to the test's limited ceiling. Tables of means across grade and age and needs for further research are also presented. PMID- 3503243 TI - Acoustic evidence of aberrant velocities in stutterers' fluent speech. AB - Movement rates of formant frequencies and the extents of articulatory change were spectrographically analyzed in the fLuent (VCV) utterances of 20 stutterers and nonstutterers. The velocities of articulator movement throughout the first vowel and velocities into the second vowel were not significantly different for the two groups. These mean rates of movement, although nonsignificant, were slower in stutterers and slightly more variable, and the extent of articulator movement was comparable. These results do not support the contentions that stutterers use coarticulatory movements that are too rapid or that stutterers have a poorer competence for rapid coordination of speech movements. The rationales of rate control treatment methods to slow coarticulatory movements in stutterers need to be reexamined. PMID- 3503244 TI - Analysis of anxiety trend before a sport competition. PMID- 3503245 TI - Automatic detection vs controlled search: a paper-and-pencil approach. AB - A new measure of selective attention was presented to 259 normal volunteers. The test was derived from earlier work which emphasized the importance of controlling the distracting conditions using a selective-attention paradigm. In the present study a paper-and-pencil, digit-cancellation format was introduced and the data documented a significant dissociation between tasks analogous to controlled search and automatic detection, two theoretically important aspects of selective attention. Presented is a discussion of similarities and differences of the new measure and classical methods of discriminating between controlled search and automatic detection and the potential significance of this discrimination in clinical neuropsychological investigations. PMID- 3503246 TI - Relationship of scores on PPVT-R and WISC-R with special education children and youth. AB - Comparisons of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised were made with 104 children diagnosed as learning disabled and mentally retarded. Significant but modest correlations were found between all but one of the WISC-R scaled scores (i.e., Coding) and PPVT-R standard scores, and between WISC-R IQs and PPVT-R standard scores. Significant differences were found among mean Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs and mean PPVT-R standard scores. The PPVT-R standard scores underestimated WISC-R Verbal IQs by 7 points, WISC-R Performance IQs by 17 points, and WISC-R Full Scale IQs by 11 points. PMID- 3503247 TI - Facial expressions of emotions and ethological behavioral categories. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the capacity of human subjects to match facial expressions of emotions and behavioral categories that represented the motivational states they are supposed to illustrate. 100 university students were shown facial stimuli they had to classify using ethological behavioral categories. The results showed that accuracy of judgment was over-all lower than what was usually found when fundamental emotional categories were used. The data also indicated that the relation between emotional expressions and behavioral tendencies was more complex than expected. PMID- 3503248 TI - Perception of an adversary as a function of masculinity, sex, and aggression/empathy. AB - The study was designed to test whether men and women identifying with a masculine stereotype differ in their perception of a confederate (adversary) who displays either an empathetic or aggressive role in resolving a disagreement over social issues. It was hypothesized that masculine individuals would be more perceptually sensitive to aggressive cues of an adversary and make more hostile responses than nonmasculine individuals. Conversely, nonmasculine individuals were hypothesized to be more perceptually sensitive to empathetic cues of an adversary and make fewer hostile responses than masculine individuals. Results of both perceptual measures and the measure of hostility did not support the hypotheses. Nonmasculine individuals perceived the adversary more positively than masculine individuals regardless of strategy of resolution. PMID- 3503249 TI - Psychosocial factors associated with physical growth and behavior adaptations of children with renal dysfunction. AB - To probe factors related to growth in children with renal insufficiency, who often grow poorly, 21 patients age 2 to 10 yr. were studied. Relationships among height rates, calorie intake, and staff ratings of compliance were positive but nonsignificant. The balance of stresses and supports was significantly related to growth and ratings of adjustment. Variables related to parent-child-staff communications were explored. PMID- 3503250 TI - Effects of aquatic training on swimming skill development of preschool children. AB - This research investigated the effects of aquatic training on the swimming performance of 126 children, ages 2.5 to 5.5 yr., over 8 mo. Two groups of children were enrolled in an aquatic training program. Group 1 were returning program participants at the beginning of this study, and Group 2 were new participants. The control children (Group 3) received no aquatic training during the research. Subjects performed six categories of swimming tasks at three points in time--1st mo., 4th mo., and 8th mo. The categories were Locomotion: Front, Locomotion: Back, Kicking, Entry: Jump, Diving, and Ring Pick-up. A 2 X 3 X 2 X 3 (sex X group X age X time) repeated-measures analysis of variance procedure showed that returning participants performed each category of swimming tasks at a more advanced level than the other groups at each time of measurement. New participants after training performed five of the categories of tasks at a more advanced level than the control group. Amount of training significantly influenced swimming, and training effects were task-specific when data were interpreted in terms of specific movement characteristics. PMID- 3503251 TI - Relationships between experiences, processing style, and sex-related differences in performance on spatial tests. AB - 53 female and 45 male undergraduates were administered the Spatial Antecedents Questionnaire (Activities, Academic Courses, Self-assessments, and Environmental Mapping subscales), the Spatial Dimensionality Test (Embedded Figures, Card Rotations, Paper Folding, Surface Development, Horizontal/Vertical Rotations, and Cube Perspectives subtests), and Revised-Individual Differences Questionnaire of Paivio. Scores from the Academic Courses and Self-assessment scales accounted for the most variability in spatial performance. Visual processing style correlated with performance on spatial tests for men, but not for women. Different patterns of activities and experiences correlated with spatial test performance for men and women. PMID- 3503252 TI - Geophysical variables and behavior: XXXIII. Onsets of historical and contemporary poltergeist episodes occurred with sudden increases in geomagnetic activity. AB - Several researchers have reported that poltergeist episodes frequently begin on the day (+/- 1 day) of a sudden and intense increase in global geomagnetic activity. To test this visual observation, a near-complete account of these episodes for which the inception dates were recorded and verified was examined. Statistical analyses clearly indicated that global geomagnetic activity (aa index) on the day or day after the onset of these episodes was significantly higher than the geomagnetic activity on the days before or afterwards. The same temporal pattern was noted for historical cases and for those that have occurred more recently. The pattern was similar for episodes that occurred in North America and in Europe. The results were statistically significant and suggest that these unusual episodes may be some form of natural phenomena that are associated with geophysical factors. PMID- 3503253 TI - Visual decodification of some facial expressions through microimitation. AB - We examined the level of muscular tension of mentalis muscle of 36 students in graphic design at rest and during the presentation of three slides reproducing facial expressions. Analysis showed an increase in the myographic level of mentalis muscle from the third second of measurement onwards after the presentation of the slide in which contraction of the chin was involved. We interpret this result by hypothesizing that the decodification of some facial expressions is realized through a microreproduction of the stimulus from the decodifying subject. PMID- 3503254 TI - Reliability of the Verbal Encoding Test in psychotic patients. PMID- 3503255 TI - Effects of endurance training on body-consciousness in women. AB - The Body Consciousness Questionnaire by Miller, Murphy, and Buss in 1981 was employed to assess the effects of intensive endurance training on changes in self perception in 13 women volunteers aged 20 to 30 yr. The participants engaged in an intensive progressive running program for 6 to 8 wk. Additional moderate exercise (softball or volleyball) was engaged in for 3 1/2 hr. per day. Before and after the training subjects completed the questionnaire on self-perceived attributes of internal body consciousness, public body consciousness, and body competence. Aerobic fitness, measured pre- and posttraining, significantly increased while body fat and weight significantly decreased. In consonance with these physiological changes, rated self-perception of internal body consciousness and body competence increased significantly while public body consciousness remained unchanged. Self-report of internal body consciousness tended to increase in proportion to changes in fitness (r = 0.53). These results suggest that endurance and moderate exercise training contribute to increased self-perception specifically with regard to perceived internal and body competence. PMID- 3503256 TI - Effects of fatigue on ability to process visual information by experienced orienteers. AB - 6 experienced orienteers were subject to a VO2max treadmill test, two days prior to undertaking two tests of visual perception. One test was conducted while the subjects were in a rested state while the other was conducted while they were under a state of fatigue. Fatigue was defined as a state in which the subjects were working at or above their anaerobic threshold which had been determined previously from their VO2max test. The tests in both the fatigue and rest condition were of a similar nature, that is, the subjects were presented slides of orienteering checkpoints at regular intervals followed by a slide showing a set of questions which the subjects had to answer verbally. Two sets of slides were employed and these were approximately counterbalanced between both subjects and conditions. Points were awarded for the correct answers and the two conditions were then compared. The Wilcoxon test for two correlated samples was used and showed a significant difference between the fatigue and rest scores at p less than 0.05. The data suggest that under the influence of fatigue, an orienteer's ability to perceive visual information is greatly impaired. PMID- 3503257 TI - Peripheral-foveal scanning and the identification of heteropalindromes in the visual half-fields. AB - The possible identifying properties of the peripheral-field-to-foveal-field (PFTFF) scan, thought to precede the left-to-right reading scan of English alphabetical arrays, were investigated. Heteropalindromes, letter strings that spell one word when read from left to right but another word when read from right to left, were tachistoscopically exposed in the left or right visual fields of 16 male, dextral college students in each of two experiments. The results support Schissler and Baratta's idea that the scan does not appear to yield detailed stimulus information. We suggest that the direction of this scan is well suited to the requirements of encoding horizontally aligned words, given the acuity/information gradient produced when such stimuli are exposed unilaterally. The direction and operation of the scan prior to the left-to-right reading scan are discussed in terms of an earlier account of the encoding of unilaterally exposed, horizontally aligned English words. PMID- 3503258 TI - Attention deficit disorder psychosis: psychometric distinction from schizophrenia. PMID- 3503259 TI - Children's perception of parental exercise: influence of sex and age. AB - The purpose of the study was to document children's perception of parental exercise, relating these perceptions to (1) the self-reported parents' habits of exercise, and (2) the children's own activity patterns. The subjects were 198 students of both sexes, aged 12 to 14 yr. and enrolled in school Grades 7 to 9. A standard questionnaire assessed their perceptions of parental and personal physical activity. Both parents of each subject also reported their respective levels of habitual physical activity. Congruence between the children's perceptions and the self-reported exercise habits of the opposite-sex parent differed for boys and girls, increasing for boys and decreasing for girls between Grades 7 and 9. No significant associations were observed between the children's perception of parental exercise patterns and their own like habits. This suggests that during adolescence parental influences are minimized by other factors, personal or environmental. PMID- 3503260 TI - Developmental changes in response preparation to visual stimuli. AB - We examined how preparation to respond changes with age. Subjects from four age groups (5- to 7-, 8- to 11-, 12- to 17-, and 18- to 24-yr.-olds) were given a simple visual RT task with foreperiod duration varied between 300 and 2000 msec. Analysis showed that in addition to the expected effects of age and foreperiod, there were qualitative differences between the performance of adults and children: 5- to 7-yr.-olds reacted quickest after a foreperiod shorter than that required by adults to perform best. Conversely, preadolescents' optimal foreperiod was relatively longer than that of either older or younger subjects. In addition, the youngest subjects showed an inability to maintain preparation as efficiently as older subjects. Implications for the development of response preparation are discussed. PMID- 3503262 TI - Educating children and adults on coping with Tourette syndrome. PMID- 3503261 TI - Test of the neurolinguistic programming hypothesis that eye-movements relate to processing imagery. AB - Bandler and Grinder's hypothesis that eye-movements reflect sensory processing was examined. 28 volunteers first memorized and then recalled visual, auditory, and kinesthetic stimuli. Changes in eye-positions during recall were videotaped and categorized by two raters into positions hypothesized by Bandler and Grinder's model to represent visual, auditory, and kinesthetic recall. Planned contrast analyses suggested that visual stimulus items, when recalled, elicited significantly more upward eye-positions and stares than auditory and kinesthetic items. Auditory and kinesthetic items, however, did not elicit more changes in eye-position hypothesized by the model to represent auditory and kinesthetic recall, respectively. PMID- 3503263 TI - Need for cognition related to time perception. AB - Undergraduates who scored high on need for cognition tended to underestimate a 90 sec. filled interval and their number of correct single solution anagrams tended to correlate negatively with estimated time. Subjects high in need for cognition reported the task was easy but enjoyment and prior experience were similar. PMID- 3503264 TI - Relationship between perceptual style and ability to reproduce a standard work task. AB - The present study examined the relationship between perceptual style and perception of physical effort. Perceptual style of 10 men and 10 women was assessed by the rod-and-frame apparatus. Perception of physical effort was defined as the difference in heart-rate responses between a standard work task and the subject's self-selected task. Heart-rate response on the pre-selected standard work task on a cycle ergometer (600 kpm.min.-1) was extremely variable, ranging from 111 to 188 beats per minute (M = 153 +/- 23.5). However, average error between heart rate during the standard work task and the subjects' self adjusted workload was extremely low (range 0 to 18 beats per minute; M = 5.4 +/- 5.5 beats per minute). Pearson correlation of .78 showed a moderate relationship between heart rate and rating of perceived effort, but was nonsignificant (-.12) between perceptual style and perception of physical effort. The data confirm the absence of a significant relationship between perceptual style (i.e., field dependence-independence) and ability to reproduce a standard work task. In addition, these results suggest that there has been possible bias in studies of relationships between heart rate and rating of perceived effort or workload and rating of perceived effort during incremental testing. PMID- 3503265 TI - Effects of Florida's Personal Fitness Course on cognitive, attitudinal and physical fitness measures of secondary students: a pilot study. AB - The effects of Florida's Personal Fitness Course were studied on 60 secondary students' cognitive achievement, physical fitness, and attitude toward physical activity. Significant improvement in knowledge of fitness concepts, selected physical fitness parameters, and over-all attitude toward participation in physical activity suggests the course was effective. PMID- 3503266 TI - Task performance and electromyopotential as functions of task difficulty and EMG feedback. AB - The dearth of empirical research in the application of biofeedback is discussed. Exp. 1 assessed relationships among biofeedback EMG training, EMG levels, cognitive task performance, and task difficulty. 72 subjects (male or female college students) were administered 1 trial on an iconic memory task with either EMG audio feedback, sham EMG audio feedback, or no feedback. Three levels of task difficulty were used. One 20-min. training session significantly lowered EMG responses, and task performance was inversely related to task difficulty. No relationship between EMG level and task performance was observed. Exp. 2 investigated the effect of increased EMG responses on cognitive task performance for one level of difficulty. One biofeedback training session did not significantly increase frontalis EMG, and there was no relationship between increased EMG and task performance. PMID- 3503267 TI - Effect of instructional units on the analysis of related and unrelated skills. AB - 84 majors in elementary education were divided into three groups, one control group and two experimental groups. The control group received no instruction in skill analysis while the experimental groups were instructed via videotape in either the instep kick in soccer or in throwing, catching, and striking skills. All three groups were given a skill-analysis test composed of throwing, catching, and striking skills. Statistical analysis yielded significant effect for those who viewed the throwing, catching, and striking videotape. No effect was found for the control group or the group who viewed the soccer-instep videotape. The results suggest specificity may be as important in skill analysis as in acquisition. PMID- 3503268 TI - A new quantitative approach to the assessment of stages of vigilance as defined by spatiotemporal EEG patterning. AB - Electroencephalographically oriented research on vigilance needs valid measures for assessing the level of vigilance between wakefulness and sleep. When studying different psychologically, psychopathologically, and pharmacologically induced states, special attention has to be paid to minor alterations of the level of vigilance which are reflected, essentially, in topographical changes of alpha activity (Stage A). Since vigilance is a dynamic process, brief fluctuations in the range of a few seconds must also be recorded. In our opinion existing methods of quantification do not fully meet these demands. We have, therefore, developed a relatively simple procedure which can be characterized as an attempt quantitatively to reconstruct visually, i.e., spatiotemporally defined patterns of vigilance. The usefulness of this method, which also has certain limitations, has been demonstrated in psychopharmacological studies. PMID- 3503269 TI - Self-concept and attitude to school as predictors of academic achievement by West Indian adolescents. AB - The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the School Sentiment Index were administered to 215 West Indian middle-class 14-yr.-olds (95 boys and 120 girls) to assess their validity as predictors of academic achievement. Step-wise multiple regression analysis identified School-Academic, a self-concept measure, as the strongest predictor of academic achievement. PMID- 3503270 TI - On the consistency of the MMPI in borderline personality disorder. AB - 14 patients diagnosed as having Borderline Personality Disorder were examined on two separate occasions with the MMPI. Results strongly suggest that, as a group, borderline patients are quite consistent responders on the MMPI under test-retest conditions (1 to 58 mo.). The frequency distribution of scale elevations and code types was also examined which showed the often-noted heterogeneity of profile code types within this population. Thus, a note of caution is advised for those investigators who assume that a prototypical borderline MMPI profile exists. Specifically, considerable heterogeneity is seen among this sample of patients with respect to a two-point coding strategy, and individual codes change over time. PMID- 3503271 TI - Test-retest characteristics of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, A-State scale. PMID- 3503272 TI - Stimulus processing during apparent unconsciousness in anesthetized volunteers. AB - Return of motor-responses upon request as an indicator of stimulus processing during apparent unconsciousness in general anesthesia was studied in 8 healthy, male volunteers during prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide. First the minimal effective concentration of nitrous oxide was established for each volunteer, based upon continued absence of motor-responses to repeated verbal commands. One week later this concentration of nitrous oxide was administered for a 3-hr. period; return of motor-responses after at least 30 min. of absence was considered a sign of so-called unconscious perception. Four volunteers showed return of motor-response within the 3 hr. of exposure, but two of these had been rather restless throughout the session. Results indicate that unexpected processing of information by patients may occur during presumed unconsciousness after a prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide in general anesthesia. PMID- 3503273 TI - Recognition of random shapes after extended delay. PMID- 3503274 TI - Effect of therapist's title on perceived competence. AB - A videotaped segment of a therapist and student/client was shown to groups of male and female undergraduates under four conditions. One group saw the tape with the title "Doctor (the therapist's actual name was used) and Client" superimposed at the bottom. The second group saw the same tape with "Mr. (blank) Client" superimposed, the third group had "Timothy (blank) and Client," while the fourth group had no title at the bottom. The 204 students rated the therapist on 11 variables. Analysis showed no effect for title and no interaction. Men rated the therapist higher on nine of the 11 variables, than did women. PMID- 3503275 TI - Standard and modified administrations of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills with learning disabled students. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of junior high school learning disabled students on standard and modified administrations of selected subtests from the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills. No significant differences were noted for correlations between types of administration and teachers' ratings on any of the subtest comparisons. Grade placements for Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension using the modified administration were significantly higher than those using the standard administration and more closely aligned with teachers' ratings. Math Concept and Math Problem-solving grade-placement scores did not differ by type of administration; teachers' ratings were higher than those produced by either testing format. PMID- 3503276 TI - Visual motor ability in normal and disabled readers. AB - A group of 42 third graders were grouped equally into sequentially deficient, simultaneously deficient, and normal readers based on their performance on Boder Reading and Spelling Pattern Test and Gates-Macginitie Reading Test. The subjects were then administered Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test. There were significant differences among the three groups; the simultaneous-deficient group committed the most errors on the Bender test. The results were related to reading. PMID- 3503277 TI - Sensory integration activity in nursing home residents' cognitions, affect, self esteem and behavior. PMID- 3503278 TI - Clinical and grid predictions of inconsistencies in individuals' personal constructs. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the ability of the coordinate grid to assess logical inconsistencies that characterize individuals. Previous research has shown the grid differentiates groups predicted to vary in inconsistency. In the present study therapists' were significantly likely to differentiate real from bogus grid reports of their clients' inconsistencies. Results suggest the grid does assess inconsistencies that characterize the individual. PMID- 3503279 TI - Influence of age, sex, etiology, and hearing loss on balance performance by deaf children. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age, sex, etiology, and degree of hearing loss on the static and dynamic balance performance of hearing impaired children and youth (N = 132), ages 3 to 14 yr. The subjects were individually assessed on Items 2 and 7 of Subtest 2 of the Short Form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. As expected, performance on both tasks improved with chronological age. In comparing the performance of subjects by etiology, only one significant difference emerged; those with genetic deafness were superior on static balance to those whose deafness was idiopathic. However, the mean scores for the genetic group were superior for both balance tasks. The sex of the child as well as extent of hearing loss did not affect performance in either task. PMID- 3503280 TI - Recording methods and visual scoring criteria of sleep records: comments and recommendations. PMID- 3503281 TI - Influence of auditory or visual warning on visual reaction time with variations of subjects' alertness. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of visual and auditory warning on visual reaction time with variations of subjects' alertness. An experimental group of 30 subjects was tested with an auditory or visual warning signal; foreperiods lasted 3, 2, and 4 sec. Reaction time was shorter as alertness improved and with an auditory warning signal. Comparable measures in a control group showed that visual reaction time was shorter when an auditory warning signal was used. PMID- 3503282 TI - Finger tapping: effects of trials and sessions. AB - 18 normal, self-reported dextral subjects (9 men, 9 women) were assessed with a Halstead Manual Finger Tapping device, with 10 trials per hand for 10 consecutive wk. The test-retest reliability of the 10-trial average between the 10 sessions averaged .94 for men and .86 for women, for both preferred and nonpreferred hands. There were no statistically significant effects of increases in performance over sessions or effects of fatigue over trials for either sex or hand. There were, however, significant increases over trials for men for both preferred and nonpreferred hands. PMID- 3503283 TI - Sleep disorders. PMID- 3503285 TI - The pediatrician as a member of the community. PMID- 3503284 TI - Recognition of sexual abuse in children. PMID- 3503286 TI - Commentary on the difficult child. PMID- 3503287 TI - Giving to our patients--should we draw the line? PMID- 3503288 TI - Counseling families with twins: birth to 3 years of age. PMID- 3503290 TI - Child survival and development revolution. PMID- 3503289 TI - Can child health promotion be more rewarding? PMID- 3503291 TI - The call: anticipatory guidance for the death of a family's newborn. PMID- 3503293 TI - Partnerships in pediatrics. PMID- 3503292 TI - Office measurement of serum theophylline. PMID- 3503294 TI - The pediatrician as wage earner. PMID- 3503295 TI - An agenda for improving physician reimbursement. PMID- 3503296 TI - Health care systems: a pediatric perspective. PMID- 3503297 TI - The pediatrician as team physician. PMID- 3503299 TI - When pediatric patients become parents. PMID- 3503298 TI - Pediatricians: generously caring or self-abnegating? PMID- 3503300 TI - The time machine. PMID- 3503301 TI - Significance of the isoenzyme BB of creatine kinase (CK-BB) in various neoplastic pathologies. PMID- 3503302 TI - [Evaluation of the Coulter T-660 hematologic analyzer compared with the Hemalog 8/90]. AB - The authors evaluated technical performance of two automated haematological counters, the Coulter T-660 in comparison to Hemalog 8/90. Both systems showed a good correlation and a good precision. The Coulter T-660 revealed to be a high standard analyzer, that can adequately support more complex haematological analyzers in laboratory routine. PMID- 3503304 TI - [Importance of Streptococci and in particular of the Enterococci in urinary tract infections]. AB - Out of 1336 bacterial strains isolated by urine cultures, nearly 23% resulted to be Gram-positives of which 11.8% are Enterococci and 3% Streptococci of Group B. The isolated Enterococci resulted to be sensitive mostly to amoxicillin and resistant to cephalosporins and tetracycline. The authors consequently agree with recent recordings of an accentuated incidence of Enterococci on infections of the urinary tract. PMID- 3503303 TI - [The serum fructosamine test in the control plan of glucose homeostasis]. AB - A new method to measure serum glycosylated proteins as index of diabetic control is evaluated. Precision, recovery and interference tests have been evaluated. A good correlation of fructosamine values with glycosylated haemoglobin and glucose in normal and diabetic patients was found. The analytical performance and its simple application to automated instruments make this test suitable for monitoring diabetes mellitus and for assessing intermediate-term control of blood glucose. PMID- 3503305 TI - [Serologic study of toxoplasmosis in an ambulatory population in 1984-1986]. AB - The authors refer the results of a serological investigation about Toxoplasmosis done on 4119 patients during 1984-1986 related to a similar research executed on 2119 patients during 1976-1979. The results show a constant yearly increase of requests of Toxoplasmosis test and a progressive increase of the serologically negative cases. The authors suggest an improvement of Toxoplasmosis epidemiology. PMID- 3503306 TI - [Total lactate dehydrogenase content and its isoenzymes in a human platelet subpopulation]. AB - The morphological and functional variability of the platelets is on the way of the study. The morphological platelet transformations corresponding to functional attitudes, need of energetic pattern given by the content, in platelets, of enzymatic patrimony. The results show that the lactic-dehydrogenase and isoenzymes, content in the three studied platelet subpopulations, is different. These significant data, probably show that the platelet subpopulations have a different content in total LDH while show no modification in LDH isoenzymes as show in various functional and energetic different specific point in time. PMID- 3503307 TI - [Reference values of serum creatinine measured automatically by the Jaffe fixed time reaction]. AB - 1077 serum samples collected from patients of both sexes showing values of creatininemia less than or equal to 1.4 mg/dl as evaluated by the enzymatic colorimetric method (Wako reagents, Cobas Fara analyzer) have been processed using 430 Selective Analyzer Sclavo. Test for imprecision and inaccuracy within run and between-day (40) showing very low values (less than 3%) of variation and bias coefficients, preliminarily demonstrated the reliability of the automatic fixed time Jaffe's reaction. Statistical analysis gives these values: means = 0.66 mg/dl, deviation standard (DS) = 0.20 mg/dl, means + 2 DS = 1.06 mg/dl, in good agreement with data provided by the enzymatic procedure. PMID- 3503308 TI - [Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in abdominal injuries. Our experience]. AB - Personal experience is reported in the use of peritoneal lavage in closed abdominal trauma to provide rapid, definitive diagnosis of haemoperitoneum. The techniques to be employed in order to obtain accurate diagnosis without any of the complications reported in the literature are specified and the advantages of the technique in resolving diagnostic uncertainties are analysed. PMID- 3503309 TI - [Problems in the determination of lactate dehydrogenase and in the automatic blood cell count in a case of cryoglobulinemia]. AB - In a clinical case of cryoglobulinemia (type I), secondary to multiple myeloma, the authors found temperature-dependent changes in lactic dehydrogenase assay and automatic count of leukocytes and platelets. PMID- 3503310 TI - [[Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in the lower genital tract of the female]. AB - Staphylococcus sp was investigated in the female lower genital tract of 102 healthy women aged between 18 and 48 years in San Luis, Argentina. Three hundred and six samples were obtained from labia, introitus and vagina (posterior fornix). Samples were plated on sheep blood, mannitol salt and Baird-Parker media. Strains were identified by tube coagulase test; thermonuclease, fibrinolysin, pigment and hemolysin production; glucose and mannitol utilization and novobiocin sensitivity. Antibiotic susceptibility was assayed. Strains were examined for their ability to produce staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Fourteen women (13.7%) had S. aureus in one or more samples: 10.7% labia, 3.9% introitus and 3.9% vaginal. All strains were sensitive to cephalotin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol; 21.0% were intermediate to methicillin; 15.7% were resistant to methicillin, 94.7% to penicillin and 21.0% to tetracycline. Three strains (15.7%) produced SEB, three (15.7%) SED, one (5.7%) SEC and three (15.7%) TSST-1. Only one strain (5.7%) produced both SEB and TSST-1. All strains produced hemolysins. Coagulase negative staphylococci were found in 40.1% of vaginal samples: S. epidermidis (32.2%) and S. saprophyticus (9.8%) were identified. PMID- 3503311 TI - [Effect of intratumor macrophages on the growth of a rat sarcoma]. AB - The removal of active phagocytic cells (CFA) from suspensions of a rat sarcoma (S E 100) caused a decrease in tumor development in "m" line rats; consequently, we postulated that the macrophage (M phi) population infiltrating the tumor might possess inhibitory functions. In the present paper we investigate whether the effect of CFA is a general one or whether it is dependent on the interaction between M phi infiltrating the tumor and the recipient. S-E 100 was inoculated in "m" line rats (S-E 100,m) and in "c" (S-E 100,c); CFA were depleted from both tumoral suspensions with carbonyl iron powder (FeC), inoculating the supernatant tumor sells denominated S.FeC-m and S.FeC-c, and the corresponding control suspensions, S Te-m and S Te-c. Inocula for both recipients were subcutaneous and contained 1 x 10(6) cells. The elimination of CFA induced a decrease in the development of the tumor in "m" recipients only when the inoculum was provided by S-E 100, m (Table 1). On the contrary no change in tumor growth was detected in the "C" recipients, whether the inoculum was provided by SE-100, m or by S-E 100, c (Table 1). An inhibitory effect on the immune response exerted by M phi infiltrating S-E 100, as a non general effect, is postulated. This effect was obtained only when intratumoral M phi were syngeneic with the recipient and specifically for "m" line. PMID- 3503313 TI - [Comparison of the latex agglutination method with the hemagglutination inhibition test in the detection of antibodies against rubella virus]. AB - Rubella virus antibodies were measured in 85 sera from pregnant women by using a new latex test, and the results were compared with those obtained by using hemagglutination inhibition. The sensitivity of the latex test was 98.4%, specificity was 66.6% and the predictive value of a positive result was 90%. The latex test is a simple test and has much shorter reaction time than that of the hemagglutination inhibition. PMID- 3503312 TI - [Initial isolation and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica in human feces in Argentina]. AB - The isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from a child's feces with an acute diarrhea is reported for the first time in Argentina. The strain was classified as belonging to the biotype 4 of Wauters, serotype O:3, phage type VIII. The virulence-associated test of autoagglutination, calcium dependency and production of heat-stable enterotoxin were positive, whereas neither lethality for the adult mouse by oral route, nor invasiveness by using the Sereny test in the mouse, were demonstrated. A plasmid of approximately 40 Mdal was detected. The suckling mouse LD50 was 4.1 x 10(6) cells. These characteristics are in agreement with those reported for most of the Yersinia enterocolitica strains belonging to the same serotype. PMID- 3503314 TI - Implications for nursing. PMID- 3503315 TI - Increasing the rate of identification of battered women in an emergency department: use of a nursing protocol. AB - In recognition of the increasing problem of family violence, the authors developed and tested an interview protocol focused on female victims of family violence. The purpose of the protocol was to increase nurses' identification of battered women receiving care in the emergency department. Using a time-series design, data were collected from patient records during four months prior to introduction of the protocol. These data were compared to comparable post protocol data. There was a significant increase in nursing staff identification of female domestic violence victims following introduction of the protocol. PMID- 3503316 TI - Nurse-midwives and obstetricians: alternative models of care and client "fit". AB - Issues related to the fit between clients and providers were investigated using data on 244 women who received prenatal care at one of two health care facilities that offered both nurse-midwifery and obstetrician services. Characteristics of the women who received each type of care, as well as their perceptions of their health provider, were explored. No significant demographic differences were found between the nurse-midwifery (CNM) and obstetrician (OB) client groups. The CNM clients scored higher on internal locus of control and the OB clients scored higher on chance and powerful others locus of control. For five of six behaviors (prenatal care, diet, exercise, and abstaining from caffeine and alcohol), the CNM clients consistently viewed their providers as holding significantly stronger attitudes about the behavior and as being significantly more supportive of their engaging in them than did the OB clients. Findings from this study provide evidence in support of offering women alternatives in maternity care. PMID- 3503317 TI - Nurses' job satisfaction: a longitudinal analysis. AB - A causal model of nurses' job satisfaction was tested using longitudinal analysis of 13 causal determinants and five correlates measured at Time 1, and job satisfaction measured at Time 2. Data were collected from 370 registered nurses at five hospitals using questionnaires mailed eight months apart. Four different models were analyzed using the LISREL maximum likelihood procedure to estimate the path coefficients. Variables reaching statistically significant levels included, in order of importance, routinization, promotional opportunity, distributive justice, age, day shift, workload, kinship responsibility, and opportunity for jobs outside the employing hospital. With the prior level of job satisfaction controlled, only the effects of day shift remained significant. PMID- 3503318 TI - Nurses' attributions about rape victims. AB - In an evaluation experiment, 80 registered nurses (64% of whom had cared for at least one rape victim) read an account of a rape involving a woman who drove to a drugstore on her way home from work. By random assignment, the nurses read one of four versions of the rape which varied in terms of whether or not the victim locked her car door (carelessness manipulation) and time of attack (5:00 p.m. or midnight). Subjects evaluated the victim on a series of 0 to 9 bipolar adjective scales. MANOVA showed a significant main effect for the locked/unlocked conditions: Nurses who read the unlocked version, as compared to those reading the locked version, showed differences in terms of more negative ratings of the victim on such variables as less liking for her, less identification with her, and assigning greater responsibility for the rape to her (p less than or equal to .005). Time of attack and the interaction were not significant. PMID- 3503319 TI - Subjective stress, job satisfaction, and job performance of hospital nurses. AB - This research concerns the relationship of subjective stress, job satisfaction, and job performance in hospital nurses. Obtained were self reports from 366 nurses, and performance ratings from 165 supervisors and 139 co-workers nominated by the original respondents. Reported are the results of exploratory path analyses, based on a general model, whereby standardized beta coefficients were used to estimate paths. The findings are that stress and job satisfaction are not directly related, and that stress, primarily acting through depression, is associated with lower levels of job performance. Job satisfaction is unrelated to job performance, and is based on depression and hostility which are affected by stress and personal characteristics. PMID- 3503320 TI - Mothers' problem-solving skill and use of help with infant-related issues: the role of importance and need for action. AB - Examination was made of the relationship of mothers' appraisal of the importance of and need for action around infant-related issues to maternal experience (parity and time since birth), use of help, and perceived problem-solving competence. Sixty-two mothers (38 primiparae and 24 multiparae) kept for 90 days post-birth a daily log of issues, rated for importance and for need for action, and of help used. Mothers also reported perceived problem-solving competence on an 11-item scale. Findings indicated tentativeness in ratings of importance and action. Ratings of importance were associated with action ratings, except for temperament issues. Action ratings for baby care and illness issues decreased significantly with time. Otherwise, maternal experience had no effect on ratings. More of the variance in perceived competence than use of help was explained by action and importance ratings. PMID- 3503321 TI - Quality and quantity of social support as correlates of psychosomatic symptoms in mothers with young children. AB - Associations between psychosomatic symptoms and two measures of social support, the quantity of social ties and the quality of primary intimate relationships, were investigated. The sample consisted of 214 predominantly low-income mothers of young children. The quality of relationships with family members was inversely associated with psychosomatic symptoms, whereas the quality of husband and boyfriend relationships was not. In contrast, the quantity of social ties was inversely related to psychosomatic symptoms among all the women. The quantity of social ties, the quality of relationships as modified by type of intimate, and the baseline level of symptoms measured five years earlier were significant predictors of psychosomatic symptoms among this sample of women. PMID- 3503322 TI - Neuroradiologic appearance of cystic meningiomas. PMID- 3503323 TI - Asymptomatic mucoid impaction in bronchial atresia: roentgenographic and CT patterns. PMID- 3503324 TI - The role of computed tomography in chronic osteomyelitis. PMID- 3503325 TI - Extracranial metastases from medulloblastoma: the radiological appearance of one case. PMID- 3503326 TI - Radiological approach to focal cortical bone lesions. PMID- 3503327 TI - Acute multiple sclerosis simulating a cerebral tumor: a case report. PMID- 3503328 TI - Site and distribution of atheromatous lesions of the carotid bifurcation identified by computed tomography. PMID- 3503329 TI - Effects of contrast media on rheological parameters: an in vivo study. PMID- 3503330 TI - Oral anticoagulants in the postoperative treatment of breast cancer: two years' experience. PMID- 3503331 TI - The importance of the poststyloid space in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 3503333 TI - [Biomechanics of dental implants: theoretical aspects]. PMID- 3503332 TI - [Effects of treatment and mutilations on biological equilibrium in the buccofacial region]. PMID- 3503334 TI - [Dietetics, aging and oral health]. PMID- 3503335 TI - [Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging]. PMID- 3503336 TI - [The value of computerized tomography in stomatology]. PMID- 3503337 TI - [Ovarian tumors: a problem with a difficult solution]. PMID- 3503338 TI - [Factorial analysis of ovarian neoplasms at Paula Jaraquemada hospital. 1975-1984 period]. PMID- 3503339 TI - [Bladder cancer, primary and during pregnancy]. PMID- 3503340 TI - [Family planning and health professionals]. PMID- 3503341 TI - [Detection of syphilis during pregnancy]. PMID- 3503342 TI - [Evaluation of urinary stress incontinence and it correction by abdominal surgery]. PMID- 3503343 TI - [Strategies for the delivery of genetic counseling in Chile]. PMID- 3503344 TI - [Cystometry in the study of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 3503345 TI - [Pyometra]. PMID- 3503346 TI - [Sexual behavior during pregnancy]. PMID- 3503347 TI - [Analysis of the association between previous contraceptive use and the incidence of cervico-uterine cancer in women from the northern and eastern area of Santiago]. PMID- 3503348 TI - [The importance of animal brucellosis in central Africa]. PMID- 3503349 TI - [The dog, vector or reservoir of brucellosis infection]. PMID- 3503350 TI - [Conquering brucellosis. Implementation of a health information campaign in France]. PMID- 3503351 TI - Socialization to the chronic sick role in later life. An interactionist view. PMID- 3503352 TI - Older women living alone. Technical environmental assessment of psychological well-being. PMID- 3503353 TI - Gender differences in retirement satisfaction and its antecedents. PMID- 3503354 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the nervous system. PMID- 3503355 TI - Impact of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging on the assessment of multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 3503356 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in patients with stroke. AB - In contrast to CT, NMR imaging revealed a high percentage of abnormalities in the TIA-RIND population studied. The various patterns of abnormalities identified should provide further insight into the pathophysiology of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Age and hypertension appeared to be the most significant clinical risk factors for TIA-RIND. Although periventricular hypodensities have been visualized by CT for many years, their clinical significance has only recently been appreciated. NMR shows the same periventricular changes as increased signal (long T2), but shows it in a more dramatic fashion. These periventricular abnormalities, seen both by CT and NMR, have been shown in some cases to be compatible with the pathologic diagnosis of SAE, or Binswanger's disease. Watershed abnormalities both with and without corresponding cerebral infarctions have been presented. At present, this appears to be a ubiquitous group of cerebrovascular disease with multiple underlying causes. NMR is superior to CT for demonstrating watershed infarctions, not only because it reveals ones missed by CT, but also because it shows a fuller extent of involvement than does CT. The evolution of cerebral infarctions as seen by CT and NMR has been presented. NMR demonstrates abnormalities earlier than CT. The region of infarction appears more extensive than by CT and chronic infarctions show an associated rim of prolonged T2 that may correspond to the ischemic penumbra or regions of ischemic demyelinization. CT phenomena, such as fogging and GME, have their NMR correlates. To date, all regions of GME shown by CT have also been demonstrated by NMR. Cortical infarctions, thought in many instances to be due to emboli have been frequently demonstrated by NMR. NMR imaging is clearly superior to CT for recognizing these lesions because it is not hampered by artifact from bone adjacent to cortex, as is CT. Similarly, posterior fossa and brainstem infarctions may be seen to advantage by NMR. PMID- 3503357 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of blood flow. PMID- 3503359 TI - Neuro-ophthalmology. PMID- 3503358 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of tumors involving the optic pathways and orbit. PMID- 3503360 TI - Stroke. PMID- 3503362 TI - Neuropathy. PMID- 3503361 TI - A neurosurgeon looks at low back syndromes. PMID- 3503363 TI - Drug treatment of neurologic disorders. PMID- 3503365 TI - Outpatient management. PMID- 3503364 TI - Sleep disorders. PMID- 3503366 TI - Intrarenal dimensions. Guidelines for flexible ureteropyeloscopes. AB - Designs for flexible ureteropyeloscopes should be based on the configuration of the intrarenal collecting system. This study measured retrospectively the ureteroinfundibular angle and infundibular lengths of 30 patients treated for calculus disease. Recommendations are given for the design of flexible ureteropyeloscopes that could visualize the entire normal intrarenal collecting system. PMID- 3503367 TI - Oesophageal pH-monitoring system. PMID- 3503368 TI - Mechanical lithotripsy of gallstones. PMID- 3503370 TI - The response to medical litholytic treatment of gallstones according to their specific gravity. AB - The buoyancy of gallstones was observed by taking anterior-posterior scout X-ray films of two patients standing during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In case 1, the large and small gallstones differed in buoyancy, and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment dissolved the floating small stones while failing to dissolve the nonfloating large stone. In case 2, both the large and small stones floated and are being dissolved by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Since floating or nonfloating and the plane of flotation depend on the specific gravity of the gallstone, the above findings suggest that a gallstone with a low specific gravity is more readily dissolved than one with a high specific gravity. The present method of estimating the buoyancy of gallstones was therefore considered extremely useful in selecting patients for medical litholytic treatment. PMID- 3503369 TI - Tissue sampling from the common bile duct through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic papillo(sphinctero)tomy and drainage in juxtapapillary malignancies. AB - In 22 patients with radiological evidence of a malignant stricture or an obstruction of the common bile duct, endobiliary tissue specimens were obtained through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. An endoscopic papillo(sphinctero)tomy was necessary in 9 of the 22 patients. The following techniques were employed: (1) forceps biopsy of the papillary infundibulum and/or of the common bile duct; (2) brush cytology in the same sites as above; (3) biliary juice cytology obtained by a nasobiliary drainage tube. In 8 patients, two different sampling techniques were used. The final diagnosis was established by means of pathological evaluation of surgical or necroscopic material. The diagnostic adequacy was 100% for biopsy, 88% for brush cytology, and 62% for bile cytology. The sensitivity was 100%, 66%, and 25%, respectively, for the above techniques. From 6 cases without biliary cancer, the specificity was 100%. These data show that biopsy specimens alone provide a definitive preoperative diagnosis in most cases, provided adequate samples are obtained. PMID- 3503371 TI - Nasobiliary drainage following endoscopic sphincterotomy. A useful method of preventing and treating early complications. AB - The authors analyze a retrospective study of 850 patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). One group of patients (705) routinely had nasobiliary drainage following ES as a prophylactic measure to prevent complications, while 145 patients were not drained. Complications, mortality and the need for emergency surgery were compared in both groups. In the drained group, the complication rate was 2% vs 10.3% in the nondrained group (P less than 0.001), and mortality was 0.4% vs 2.7% (P = 0.03). Emergency surgery was required in 0.1% in the drained patients versus 3.4% in the nondrained group (P = 0.01). Based on these data within the limits of a retrospective study, the authors strongly support the routine use of nasobiliary drainage to prevent complications, which usually occur within the first 24 h, and also to facilitate the immediate treatment of the complications. This procedure is also highly recommended when ES is performed by inexperienced endoscopists and with a technically demanding ES, which is frequently followed by complications. PMID- 3503372 TI - Misdiagnosis using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with postcholecystectomy pain. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become an essential tool to investigate patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome. A normal cholangiogram usually rules out the presence of biliary tract disease, and further investigations are directed towards other organ systems. We present a case in which a normal ERCP caused a significant delay in reassessing the biliary tree in a patient who eventually presented with choledocholithiasis. A repeat ERCP should be considered in patients with persistent biliary tract pain, even if the initial ERCP shows no abnormality. PMID- 3503373 TI - Litholytic treatment of gallstones. PMID- 3503374 TI - Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. PMID- 3503375 TI - A new method for gastric potential differential measurement. PMID- 3503376 TI - New fibroscope, model FG-23H. PMID- 3503378 TI - Visicath imaging probes. PMID- 3503377 TI - New injection needle NM-4L/NM-9L. PMID- 3503379 TI - Temperature and animal cells. Proceedings of a meeting. Durham, England, 10-12 September 1986. PMID- 3503380 TI - Role of energy in cellular responses to heat. AB - We have examined the effect of heat on energy-generating processes and on parameters of bioenergetic status in animal cells. Heat inactivates several processes involved in uptake and metabolism of nutrients. In particular, insulin stimulated hexose transport in HA-1 fibroblasts and electron transport in blowfly sarcosomes (Bowler, 1981) exhibit thermal sensitivities that reflect the vulnerability to heat of the whole cell or organism. These heat-induced lesions in energy production are not, however, reflected by parameters of energy status in most cells studied. In HA-1 fibroblasts, for instance, over 99% of cells are killed by 45 degrees C heat before a decrease is observed in any parameter of energy status. A general role for energy in cellular responses to heat thus seems unlikely, although the thermal responses of tissues in vivo may differ from those of cells in vitro. PMID- 3503381 TI - Muscarinic receptor-mediated catecholamine secretion from isolated guinea pig adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 3503382 TI - A case of congenital choanal atresia with extreme low birth weight baby. PMID- 3503383 TI - Pleural effusion with intimal injury of superior vena cava caused by central venous catheter: report of a case. PMID- 3503384 TI - Structural features of mitochondria in the in vitro uptake of 14C-methylated ornithine aminotransferase. PMID- 3503385 TI - Optimal tempo for the random number generation test. PMID- 3503386 TI - Variation in the levels of serum constituents in childhood. PMID- 3503387 TI - The magnetocardiogram in right ventricular overloading. PMID- 3503388 TI - Magnetocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular overloading in mitral stenosis. PMID- 3503389 TI - Adsorption rate of indigo carmine onto activated carbon for the social hygiene. PMID- 3503390 TI - Hemolytic streptococcus preparation OK-432; beneficial adjuvant therapy in recurrent gastric carcinoma. AB - The administration of a hemolytic streptococcus preparation, OK-432, is thought to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer patients through a stimulatory effect on the immune system. In order to evaluate any beneficial effect of such an administration, a group of patients with recurrent gastric cancer was studied. This group was randomly subdivided into 3 groups: 1) Intradermal group (ID Group), 42 patients given an intradermal injections of OK 432. 2) Intramuscular group (IM Group), 40 patients given an intramuscular injections of OK-432. 3) Control group (C Group), 39 patients not given injections. Each group was studied in regards to the length of survival, the host immune response and the incidence of side effects. When compared to the IM and C Groups, the ID Group showed improved survival. Accompanying this improved survival, the ID Group also had greater white cell and lymphocyte counts, a greater number of T cells, and a more dramatic skin reaction to the extracted cell wall polysaccharide of hemolytic streptococcus Su-strain (Su-PS). The ID Group, following OK-432 injection, had a 4.8% incidence of fever and a 52.4% incidence of local abscess formation at the injection site. 90% of the IM Group developed fever but abscess formation was absent in all patients. From these results, it was concluded that in the patients tested, intradermal injection of OK-432 appears to be clinically superior to intramuscular injection. PMID- 3503391 TI - Urinary hippuric acid excretion after use of spray ski-wax and remover. AB - The biological monitoring for exposure to toluene is based on the measurement of urinary hippuric acid concentration (HA-U). In occupational health, workers exposed to toluene are examined for HA-U, because collection of urine samples is easy. The HA-U data of an engineer who did not use toluene occupationally showed relatively high values. It was indicated that he went to ski every weekend in winter and had used spray ski-wax and remover which contained toluene. The ski club members of Tokai University, School of Medicine who used such sprays were examined for HA-U at the ski training camp. It was revealed that the use of these sprays elevated the HA-U values remarkably. Therefore, the use of sprays, especially in the winter season, can be one of confounding factors for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene based on measurement of HA-U. PMID- 3503392 TI - Relationship between primary tumor volume and lung metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma (1). Assay for time course of development of metastasis. AB - Relationship between primary tumor volume and development of lung metastases was investigated in Lewis lung carcinoma in male C57BL/6 mice. Tumor cells (1-3 X 10(5] were injected into the muscle of the right hind legs and growth curves of primary tumors were obtained. The time course of development of metastases was determined from the size of lung colonies at autopsy by using growth rate of lung colonies. The first development of metastasis was 4 to 7 days after injection. The incidence of metastases increased as a function of time and was presented by Gompertz function as in primary tumor volume. Therefore, a linear relationship was found to exist between the incidence of metastases and the primary tumor volume. This assay is considered to be useful to understand the time course of development of metastases without resection of the primary tumors. PMID- 3503393 TI - Relationship between primary tumor volume and lung metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma (II). Tumor bed effect. AB - The incidence of lung metastases from tumors which had the tumor bed effect (TBE) was investigated in Lewis lung carcinoma in male C57BL/6 mice. Tumor cells (1-3 x 10(5] were injected into the muscle of the right hind legs which had been locally irradiated with 15 Gy of gamma rays 1 hr or 1, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days previously. The latent periods for tumor appearance were almost the same as in the controls. Compared to the controls, growth delays were observed from about 7 days after tumor cell injection. For metastasis from tumors which had the TBE, although the first development of metastasis was not different from the controls, the total number of metastases was reduced. The incidence of metastases varied according to growth of the primary tumor. The correlation between the primary tumor volume and the incidence of metastases also showed a linear relation, as in the controls. These results indicate that metastasis from tumors growing in pre-irradiated sites depended on the TBE of the primary tumors. PMID- 3503394 TI - Effects of long-term exercise and high-cholesterol diet on lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in rats. AB - To accelerate the synthesis of endogenous lipids, Wistar male rats were administered sucrose solution and standard chow diet for 5 weeks. The diet was then changed to tap water plus a high-cholesterol (Cho) diet and the animals were subjected to treadmill running for 5 weeks. The concentrations of serum triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cho in the group that had endurance exercise and was fed high-Cho diet were significantly lower than those in the non-exercise group that was fed high-Cho diet. However, the exercise high-Cho group accumulated quantities of lipids in the liver similar to the non exercise-high-Cho group and developed a markedly fatty liver. In conclusion, it is suggested that long-term exercise did not accelerate hepatic lipid metabolism and seemed to suppress synthesis and release of VLDL in the liver. PMID- 3503396 TI - Absence of relationship between human immunodeficiency virus 1 and sleeping sickness. PMID- 3503395 TI - Liposome mediated dissipation of valinomycin-imposed potassium potential across erythrocytes membrane. AB - Influence of liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the valinomycin imposed potassium potential across erythrocyte membrane was examined by measuring the fluorescence change of the potential-sensitive cyanine dye. We concluded that the liposomes modulate ion selectivity of the membrane embedded valinomycin, on the basis of the following lines of evidence. (i) The valinomycin-imposed potassium potential across erythrocyte membrane (interior negative) was dissipated in the presence of PC-liposomes. (ii) When PC-liposomes were added to the cell suspension before the valinomycin, a membrane potential could not be imposed. (iii) Liposomes containing only the PC of saturated fatty acids were inactive in the potential dissipation, whereas the liposomes containing PC of unsaturated fatty acids were fully active. (iv) Liposome-mediated dissipation of the imposed-membrane potential was similarly observed in the resealed erythrocyte ghosts. (v) The liposomes did not show a detectable effect on the gramicidin mediated proton potential. (vi) The effect of liposome was somewhat analogous to the nigericin-mediated dissipation of the valinomycin-imposed potassium potential. PMID- 3503397 TI - Outbreak of febrile illness due to dengue virus type 3 in Calcutta during 1983. AB - An epidemic of dengue fever broke out in Calcutta between July and August 1983. Persons of all age groups were affected with a preponderance of young adults. Haemorrhagic manifestations and shock were not observed. Virus was isolated from 4 acute phase sera and identified as dengue type 3 (DEN-3), the first isolation of DEN-3 virus in Calcutta. Serotesting with 9 paired blood samples established dengue infection in 7 and a flavivirus group reaction in 2. Examination of 36 single sera revealed presumptive dengue infection in 15 and a flavivirus group reaction in 17, while the remaining 4 were negative to all flavivirus antigens. PMID- 3503398 TI - Increased yellow fever virus infection and dissemination rates in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes orally exposed to freshly grown virus. PMID- 3503399 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma not associated with HIV in Sudan. PMID- 3503400 TI - Shigellosis in Zaria, northern Nigeria. AB - 368 strains of Shigella were recovered from stool specimens in the Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, during the period January 1980 to December 1984. S. flexneri was found to be the most common (60%) followed by S. boydii (20.7%), S. dysenteriae (14.1%) and S. sonnei (5.2%). Males were more frequently infected (61.4%) than females (38.6%). Maximum cases were seen in the 21-to 40-year age group (48.9%). Almost two-thirds of the cases of shigellosis (64.4%) were recorded during the rainy season. Antimicrobial resistance to four or more drugs was recorded in (38%) of the isolates. PMID- 3503402 TI - Brucellosis in Kuwait: a clinico-epidemiological study. AB - The 160,000 population in Adan area, Kuwait, is served by Adan Regional Hospital. During the 6 months period mid-December, 1983 to mid-June, 1984, 68 cases of brucellosis were admitted to the hospital, an annual incidence of 85/100,000 population. Of these, 84% were Kuwaitis and Bedouins. The mean age was 32 years, range 12-70 years. The male female ratio was 1.4:1. 55 patients gave histories of consuming raw milk and 4 had close contact with animals. The highest incidence of the disease coincided with the animal delivery season and the desert camping period of Kuwaiti families. It appears that air transmission of contaminated soil is one of the main routes of Brucella infections in Kuwait. PMID- 3503401 TI - Melioidosis: a serological survey in a tuberculosis sanatorium in Hong Kong. AB - A serological survey of 275 Chinese patients with underlying pulmonary diseases in a tuberculosis sanatorium in Hong Kong showed that 39 (14%) had haemagglutinating antibody (HA) against Pseudomonas pseudomallei in a titre of 1: 80 or above. Only 9 of these 39 patients had travelled to endemic areas, suggesting that at least 30 patients (11%) had been exposed to Ps. pseudomallei locally. Females are affected as often as males, and the seropositive rate is the same whether patients are immunosuppressed or not. Because subclinical melioidosis is prevalent and HA may persist for a long time, even at a high titre, after infection, determination of HA alone cannot differentiate between active melioidosis and its masquerade--active tuberculosis. PMID- 3503403 TI - Serodiagnosis of typhoid fever in paediatric patients by anti-LPS ELISA. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis showed that up to 50% of the anti-typhoid antibody in sera from blood culture positive paediatric typhoid fever patients is directed against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen. Anti-Salmonella typhi LPS ELISA was therefore compared to Widal agglutination for serodiagnosis of typhoid fever in paediatric patients. Sera from 38 paediatric control individuals were ELISA negative for anti-S. typhi LPS IgG; all but 2 of these specimens were negative for anti-S. typhi LPS IgM. Paediatric patients hospitalized with signs and symptoms of typhoid fever were separated into 4 groups and tested by ELISA with the following results: 46 patients negative by both culture and Widal agglutination tests, 48% positive for anti-S. typhi LPS IgG and 35% for anti-S. typhi LPS IgM; 22 negative by culture but with positive Widal titres, 82% and 68% positive respectively; 28 culture positive for S. typhi, 93% and 82% respectively; and 12 culture positive for Salmonella other than S. typhi, 92% and 92% respectively. These data suggest that anti-S. typhi LPS ELISA is a suitable assay for diagnosis of typhoid fever in children. PMID- 3503404 TI - Sarcoidosis in Africans: 12 cases with histological confirmation from Nigeria. AB - During a 2 year-period 12 Nigerians with sarcoidosis were diagnosed at the chest and dermatology clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Intrathoracic involvement was the commonest presentation followed by the skin, lymph nodes and liver. Histological diagnosis was obtained in all cases either from skin biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, lymph node or liver biopsy where applicable. This study suggests that sarcoidosis is not as rare as previous literature on the subject portrays. PMID- 3503405 TI - Riboflavin, folate and vitamin C status of Gambian women during pregnancy: a comparison between urban and rural communities. AB - Anthropometric, haematological and vitamin status indices were measured in a group of pregnant women living in the urban community of Bakau in The Gambia, West Africa. Their haematological and anthropometric indices were generally within normal limits. Vitamin C status was also acceptable and was similar to values observed in rural Gambian women sampled at the same time of year. Folate status was similar to that seen previously in rural Gambian communities, and there was a strong intrasubject correlation between plasma and red cell folate levels, together with a trend towards higher values as pregnancy progressed. This was consistent with probable compliance with local recommendations for folate supplementation during pregnancy. The urban Gambian women also resembled their rural counterparts in having very poor biochemical riboflavin status, which deteriorated as pregnancy progressed. In this respect they differed markedly from UK women, who had satisfactory riboflavin status even in late pregnancy. The existence of severe biochemical riboflavin deficiency, even in urban Gambian women, whose anthropometric indices are not compatible with severe general malnutrition, suggests that a deficiency of this vitamin may be widespread in Sahelian West Africa. Measures to improve maternal vitamin status during pregnancy would therefore be equally appropriate in both rural and urban communities. PMID- 3503406 TI - Nutrition surveillance by QUAC stick. AB - The QUAC stick method of nutrition assessment was used as an indicator of change in a nutrition surveillance system in Zaire. The method is quick, simple and can be done by primary school teachers. Results of QUAC stick measurements are reproducible and easy to report. PMID- 3503407 TI - Amodiaquine in malaria treatment. PMID- 3503408 TI - Further characterization of Leishmania isolates from children with visceral infection in Alexandria area, Egypt. AB - Two visceral Leishmania isolates from children (aged 1 1/2 and 4 years) living in El Agamy area, Alexandria, Egypt, were compared with 5 marker strains, and 2 other human isolates from Sinai and Sudan, identified on clinical and geographical grounds as cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis respectively. Isoenzyme variations were assessed on the basis of their electrophoretic profiles on cellulose acetate membranes. The enzymes studied were glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase E.C.1.1.1.49, phosphoglucomutase E.C.2.7.5.1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase E.C.1.1.1.44 (6-PGD), glucose phosphate isomerase E.C.5.3.1.9, malate dehydrogenase E.C.1.1.1.37, mannose phosphate isomerase E.C.5.3.1.8 and nucleoside hydrolase E.C.3.2.2.2. The last 4 enzymes could differentiate between cutaneous and visceral strains. The Alexandria strains proved to belong to the L. donovani complex; however, their 6-PGD pattern was identical to that of L. infantum, which was different from that of the L. donovani marker strain. PMID- 3503409 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in Kenya. AB - 9 leishmanial strains, isolated from cutaneous papulonodular lesions on 3 patients, were characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis using 7 enzymes. The patterns obtained were indistinguishable from those of a Leishmania tropica reference strain and these 9 strains were similar to L. tropica in failing to infect mice. Although these 3 patients were Americans, their only potential exposure to sandflies was in Kenya, and thus they are believed to be the first cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. tropica in Kenya. PMID- 3503410 TI - Leishmania infecting man and wild animals in Saudi Arabia. 4. Canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Eastern Province. AB - Cutaneous leishmaniasis was detected in 4 of 117 feral dogs, none of which presented any evidence of visceral involvement, in the Al-Hassa area of Saudi Arabia where neither Leishmania infantum nor L. tropica are transmitted. The parasites isolated from 3 of the animals were identified by biochemical techniques as L. major, L. arabica and Leishmania zymodeme 62 respectively. Clinically, and in their histology, the lesions closely resembled those caused in man in the same geographical area by L. major. Dogs are probably victims rather than reservoirs of Leishmania. PMID- 3503411 TI - A new Leishmania infantum enzymatic variant, agent of an urban visceral case unresponsive to drugs. PMID- 3503412 TI - Isolation of Leishmania mexicana mexicana from Lutzomyia ylephiletor in Guatemala. PMID- 3503413 TI - An unusual course of west African trypanosomiasis in a Caucasian man. PMID- 3503414 TI - Phenothiazines in murine African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 3503415 TI - Field evaluation of controlled release copper glass as a molluscicide in snail control. AB - Limited field evaluation of a new molluscicide, copper controlled release glass (CRG), was carried out in 4 human water contact sites in shallow and slow flowing streams in the highveld region of Zimbabwe during 1984 to 1986. The results indicate that the copper CRG has great potential as an inexpensive snail control agent to reduce schistosomiasis transmission. There was a marked reduction in snail numbers in the treated sites after application of 2 forms of the copper molluscicide; a "fast" CRG with approximately 24-h solution time in water and a "slow" CRG with about 1-year solution time. Snail numbers remained depressed during the observation period while frogs and fish were not affected. Fluctuations in snail numbers in the untreated sites showed no clear pattern, being erratic and unpredictable and probably attributable to seasonal effects. Problems of the correct amounts of molluscicide to apply to a site are to an extent overcome by knowledge of the copper binding capacity of the mud substrate. The mud sediment can be saturated by the "fast" release copper glass to achieve a snail killing concentration in the water which can be sustained by the "slow" release glass. It appears that the main difficulty in maintaining desirable copper levels in the water is flow, which causes rapid removal of copper from the treated waterbody. Thus, under field conditions on the highveld region of Zimbabwe, the CRG molluscicide is likely to be effective only during the stable conditions of the dry season which is, however, the main transmission period. PMID- 3503417 TI - In vivo efficacy of mebendazole in containment of larval cyst mass in early stages of hydatid disease due to Echinococcus granulosus. AB - The role of mebendazole in treatment of hydatid disease was investigated in a mouse model of human Echinococcus granulosus infection. Each animal received 2000 protoscoleces by intraperitoneal injection. Mebendazole, 50 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 d, was given to 3 groups of animals 2, 4 and 6 months after infection. Significant decreases in numbers of cysts were seen in groups given the drug 2 and 4 months after infection, compared to the group given drug 6 months after infection. 200 mg/kg body weight was more effective in decreasing cyst numbers than 50 mg/kg. PMID- 3503416 TI - Sero-epidemiological survey for alveolar echinococcosis (by Em2-ELISA) of blood donors in an endemic area of Switzerland. AB - Sera from 17,166 blood donors living in 10 cantons of northern Switzerland in an area endemic for Echinococcus multilocularis were investigated by serological survey for alveolar echinococcosis (AE). A highly species-specific antigen (Em2) and a commonly used E. granulosus hydatid fluid antigen (EgHF) were compared for their suitability in seroepidemiology. EgHF showed a degree of nonspecificity which did not allow direct detection of AE cases. Antibody reaction with Em2 resulted in the detection of 2 asymptomatic clinical cases of AE (seroprevalence 0.01%) within this population of blood donors. A further 4 persons were positive in Em2-ELISA. These 4 persons had negative imaging studies and will be followed serologically and clinically. PMID- 3503418 TI - Necator americanus in neonatally infected hamsters. The time-course of infection and antibody response to the surface antigens of L4 and adult worms. AB - Neonatal hamsters were infected with a hamster-adapted strain of Necator americanus, and the time-course of infection was followed by worm and faecal egg counts. Parasite eggs were first recorded during the 6th week of infection, increasing rapidly thereafter to peak in weeks 7-10. Male hamsters excreted more eggs than females, but both sexes were equally susceptible to infection and harboured comparable worm burdens. Faecal egg counts declined from week 10 onwards and this was associated with a loss of worms from animals with heavy infections. Low level infections were stable over the first 114 d of infection but worm fecundity nevertheless still declined over this period. Both hamster sexes responded similarly to surface antigens on adult worms, the antibody levels rising from week 5 onwards to reach a plateau in weeks 6-7, which persisted until the experiments were terminated. The major antigens recognised on the surface of adult worms had molecular masses corresponding to 25 kDa, 32 kDa, a doublet with the heaviest polypeptide resolving at 46 kDa, and a triplet with the heaviest at 67 and 93kDa. In contrast L4 had only 2 major cuticular antigens resolving at 41 and 93kDa. The 93kDa molecule on L4 and adult worms may be antigenically related. PMID- 3503419 TI - Hookworm infection in a rural community in south India and its association with haemoglobin levels. AB - Faecal samples were obtained from 1113 persons living in a rural area in South India, and the hookworm ova load (Necator americanus) was determined using Kato's thick smear method. Evidence of hookworm infection was present in 92%, 77% having a count of under 100 epg, 11% a count of 1000 to 1999 epg, and 4% having counts between 2000 and 12,000 epg. Females had significantly higher ova counts than males on the average, but age did not appear to have any effect. Haemoglobin was also estimated: 80% of adult males, 87% of adult females and 90% of children were anaemic. There was a significant negative association between ova load and haemoglobin level, and the decrease in haemoglobin for a doubling of the ova load was estimated by regression analysis to be 0.18, 0.29 and 0.16 g/dl in adult males, adult females and children, respectively. There was nearly perfect agreement in the ranking of 10 clusters by mean ova count and mean haemoglobin level or percentage with anaemia. PMID- 3503420 TI - Population biology of hookworms in west Bengal: analysis of numbers of infective larvae recovered from damp pads applied to the soil surface at defaecation sites. AB - The aims of this study were to analyze the seasonal distribution of infective larvae on the soil surface, to determine whether numbers of infective larvae near faeces were related to the faecal egg count of individuals, and to relate the distribution of larvae to environmental characteristics. Larvae were recovered from damp pads, applied to the soil surface in an annulus around fresh, identified stools of individuals who were participating in a larger epidemiological study. This provided an estimate of exposure to infection at the time of defaecation. Transmission was restricted to the rainy season and large aggregations of larvae were encountered earlier rather than later in the rainy season. Frequency distributions for the number of larvae extracted from each pad showed a high degree of aggregation, with most monthly counts showing good fits to the negative binomial probability distribution. Despite variations in monthly sampling means, the degree of aggregation in the population of larvae was remarkably stable over the 18 month sampling period (k of negative binomial = 0.01 to 0.08). Estimates of the degree of aggregation of the parasites in the human population were also available, and comparisons suggest that the infective larvae were much more aggregated than the parasitic stages. There was no relationship between the mean daily egg output of individuals and the number of larvae which developed and were recovered from the soil surface near the faeces. Thus, people who contribute large numbers of eggs to the environment are not necessarily those who are the greatest source of infection for others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503421 TI - Epidemiology and population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection in the same community. AB - The gastrointestinal helminth infection status of an age-stratified sample from a single Caribbean community was assessed using anthelmintic expulsion techniques. The same sample was re-assessed in a similar manner after a 17 month period of re infection. The age-prevalence profile of Ascaris lumbricoides was convex while that of Trichuris trichiura was asymptotic. The age-intensity profiles of both species were convex. These differing patterns are attributed to differences in the absolute worm burdens of the 2 species. The frequency distributions of infection intensity were similar for both species, and largely independent of host age. The basic reproductive rate of A. lumbricoides (Ro = 1-1.8) was similar to that recorded elsewhere and much lower than that of T. trichiura (Ro = 4-6), implying that the latter is intrinsically more resistant to control. Individual hosts were predisposed to high (or low) intensity infection with either species, although predisposition to both species simultaneously was not conclusively demonstrated. Further studies are required to determine the cause of these observations. PMID- 3503422 TI - High HBsAg and anti-delta carrier rate among asymptomatic Africans living on the campus of the University of Niamey, Niger. AB - In 1984 and 1985, a non-random survey was conducted among healthy Africans living on the campus of the University of Niamey, Niger. Of 238 asymptomatic subjects, 17.6% carried hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their serum, while 50.8% demonstrated protective anti-HBs antibodies. Antibodies to delta virus were detected in 29.3% of HBsAg-positive sera. This suggests that hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) are common in Niger, and the factors that increase the likelihood of HBV transmission may also enhance the risk of HDV transmission. PMID- 3503423 TI - [Implementation of the nursing process and determination of problems that occurred]. PMID- 3503424 TI - [A guide for young instructors in clinical practice of the fundamentals of nursing]. PMID- 3503425 TI - [Teaching and research in nursing]. PMID- 3503426 TI - [Menopause syndrome and nursing care]. PMID- 3503427 TI - [Attitude of the female upper class students of a secondary and a high school to nursing as an ideal profession for women]. PMID- 3503428 TI - [Nutritional and health status of institutionalized aged subjects]. PMID- 3503429 TI - [Basic and graduate education and academic studies in nursing]. PMID- 3503430 TI - [Practical applications in nursing. Urinary catheterization. Practical procedures in the prevention of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 3503431 TI - Monday morning sudden death. PMID- 3503433 TI - Specific dynamic action revisited: studies of hormonal regulation of energy expenditure in man. PMID- 3503432 TI - Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis: insight from a study in octogenarians. PMID- 3503434 TI - How bile acids differ: studies of receptor-mediated LDL uptake. PMID- 3503435 TI - The AIDS epidemic: blueprint of a hospital's response. PMID- 3503436 TI - Alteration of intestinal sucrase-alpha-dextrinase structure in the congenitally diabetic BB rat. PMID- 3503437 TI - Screening for disease in asymptomatic patients. PMID- 3503438 TI - Lymphangiomyomatosis: a respiratory illness with an endocrinologic therapy. AB - Lymphangiomyomatosis should be considered when unexplained dyspnea, pneumothorax, pleural effusion or infiltrative radiographic changes occurs in a woman of childbearing age. Radiographic and pulmonary function peculiarities help in the diagnosis and evaluation of results of treatment. Diagnosis is dependent on lung biopsy and preferably identification of hormonal receptors. Endocrinological manipulation, in this study with medroxyprogesterone, decreased disability, morbidity and progression of this otherwise fatal illness. Early diagnosis and institution of treatment would appear to provide the best result. PMID- 3503439 TI - Crossing lines in medicine. PMID- 3503440 TI - Phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C induce long-term changes of membrane excitability and postsynaptic currents in neocortical neurons. AB - Intracellularly injected tumor promoter phorbol esters (PhEs) that activate protein kinase C (PKC) increased the excitability and altered the postsynaptic responses of neurons of the motor cortex of awake cats. PhEs increased the amplitude and duration of EPSPs and decreased the amplitude and durations of IPSPs. No consistent changes in resting membrane parameters that would account for these modifications were found. Corresponding changes in peak excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs, IPSCs) were measured directly with the single electrode voltage clamp technique. The changes lasted for 50 min or longer. Quantitative analysis of EPSCs in response to ventrolateral thalamic stimulation and IPSCs in response to pyramidal tract stimulation made in a subgroup of fast PT cells suggested that PhE acted within the injected neuron rather than presynaptically to alter the synaptic currents. PhE also reduced a voltage-dependent, 3-aminopyridine sensitive fast outward current (IA) and an apamin and EGTA sensitive slow outward current (IK(Ca]. Control injections of a phorbol ester that did not activate PKC failed to induce changes in synaptic responses or resting membrane properties. These observations provide the first evidence that activation of PKC, in vivo, can induce long-lasting changes in synaptic responses of neocortical neurons by direct modification of postsynaptic ion channel conductivities. PMID- 3503441 TI - Interactions of acoustic and somatosensory evoked responses in a polysensory cortex of the cat. AB - Interactions of acoustic and somatosensory evoked potentials were studied in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus of the cat. The interactions showed dynamic changes and were susceptible to different kinds of influences. The interactions could be influenced by synchronous activation of the acoustic and somatosensory inputs with 2 Hz frequency, or by elevating the stimulus frequency. Interactions could be influenced by amphetamine and gamma-glutamyl-taurine, drugs known as capable of influencing the arousal level of the brain. The antagonists of amphetamine prevented this effect. Drugs acting on the cortical GABA-ergic system proved also to be decisive in the interactions of evoked potentials of different origins. In some experiments unit activity was recorded parallel with evoked potentials. PMID- 3503442 TI - The ionic mechanism of the pentylenetetrazol convulsions. AB - The ionic dependence and the nature of conductance was examined at slowly inactivating inward current in metacerebral giant cells of Helix pomatia, induced by 50 mM pentylenetetrazol. Ramp and square wave depolarizations in voltage clamp mode revealed, that withdrawal of sodium ions prevented this current to flow. While TTX was ineffective, Mn, Co and Ni-ions and verapamil blocked the current. It is concluded that PTZ, especially in presence of TEA impairs calcium channels, which loose their specificity and transmit sodium ions, with very slow kinetics. PMID- 3503443 TI - Fine structure of the neuromuscular junctions in the alimentary tract of phylogenetically different animal species. AB - Authors studied the fine structural characteristics of the neuromuscular junctions in the alimentary tract of phylogenetically different animal species. Nearly in each studied species the so-called close contacts were observable, where the sarcolemma and axolemma establish a junction; the gap of this contact is 10-100 nm wide, and the neurotransmitters can affect the muscles through non synaptic release (exocytosis). The junctional gap is widest in the gut wall of earthworm: 100-200 nm. Only close contacts are to be found in the alimentary canal of snail, and here, the junctional gap is as narrow as 10-15 nm. Beside close contacts synaptic neuromuscular junctions also occur in the locust gut. Their fine structural organization refer to that of chemical synapses. As in the tench intestine both striated and smooth muscular elements can be found, motor endplates as well as close contacts take part in their innervation. Only close contacts are in the smooth muscular layer of domestic fowl. Authors emphasize the role of close contacts in the regulation of gut peristalsis and only secondary importance is attached to other different junctions. PMID- 3503444 TI - Autoradiographic localization of high affinity uptake sites for 3H-D-aspartate in the rat olfactory bulb. AB - In order to reveal excitatory amino acid-ergic neuronal connections in the rat olfactory bulb, uptake sites for the tritiated D-aspartic acid were analyzed by high resolution autoradiography. Light microscopy revealed both cellular and terminal-like uptake. Based on electron microscopy, overwhelming majority of the cellular uptake was assigned to glial cells. A fairly high number of labelled terminals appeared in the surroundings of the mitral cell somata, within the deepest portion of the external plexiform layer, in the internal plexiform layer and in the outer half of the granule cell layer. Labelled terminals synapsed onto likely granule cell dendrites or spines, at asymmetric membrane thickenings. These results suggest that, although the output neurons may not utilize glutamic or aspartic acid as their transmitters, these amino acids may, however, contribute to the bulbar neurotransmission, as mediator substances of a subgroup of centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb. PMID- 3503445 TI - Application of the glycine labelling method to the cerebellum, hippocampus and spinal cord. AB - 3H-glycine was applied to the cat cerebellar cortex under resting conditions and during inferior olive stimulation which activated the climbing fiber system on a restricted area. Electric recording was made. The autoradiograms showed, that under resting condition labelled glycine was incorporated mainly in granule, Golgi and basket cells and only a few Purkinje and stellate cells were active. Also cerebellar glomeruli remained without labelling. On climbing fiber stimulation Purkinje cells became activated singly and grouped, also Golgi and stellate cells increased in number. Granule cells were totally inhibited. 3H glycine, when applied to the rat hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA4 fields showed labelling at low frequency stimulation. When 400 Hz high frequency stimulation periods were interposed, long-term potentiation ensued. The overall labelling of each hippocampal region was intensified significantly, indicating that glycine incorporation may be a sign not only of excitation but also of long term potentiation. 3H-glycine was applied to frog spinal cord during rest and dorsal root stimulation. Interneurons and motor neurons excited by the afferent fibers showed intensive glycine uptake. It is concluded that the glycine labelling method is suitable for detecting neural excitation in the structures dealt with in this paper. PMID- 3503446 TI - The behaviour of rats selected for their voluntary ethanol consumption. AB - New strains of rats, preferent (HAP) and non-preferent (NAP) for ethanol were selectively outbred from a Wistar stock. The strains have now been raised to the F13 generation. The F9/10 animals, selected for this behavioural investigation, exhibited a significant phenotypic drinking behaviour and/or ethanol consumption. During a free choice between tap water and 10% ethanol solution (v/v), the mean daily alcohol intake for male and female HAP rats was 8.42 +/- 0.69 g/kg/24 h (n = 20 o) and 11.50 +/- 0.42 g/kg/24 h (n = 20 o), for male and female NAP rats 0.74 +/- 0.09 g/kg/24 h (n = 20 o) and 1.76 +/- 0.20 g/kg/24 h (n = 20 o), respectively. The NAP rats exhibited a strong aversion to the 10% ethanol solution when it was the only source fluid. In the open-field test (OFT), as compared to the NAP rats, male individuals of the HAP strain showed a lower motility in the first minute, in penetration into the inner squares, showed a longer latency to start exploration (latency to leave the center), exhibited larger rearing and grooming activity and shorter latencies to start these activities. The defecation rate was smaller and latency to defecation prolonged. Female HAP rats showed higher activity scores in penetration of outer and inner squares and a shorter latency to start exploration. They also had higher rearing but smaller grooming activity. The females exhibited identical defecation but different urination behaviour in comparison to the males. The time-to-emerge latencies of HAP rats were longer than in NAP individuals. PMID- 3503447 TI - [Analysis of 163 latissimus dorsi muscle flaps]. AB - During the last 9 years, 163 latissimus dorsi flaps (LTD) were used in our department for different kinds of reconstructions. The indications for raising this flap were various. The pedicled flap (129 cases) provided an adequate solution for breast reconstruction (109 cases). As a free tissue transfer (34 cases) the LTD flap was mainly used for head and neck reconstruction (12 cases) after removal of infiltrating tumours. In the lower limb (12 cases) this myocutaneous flap remained an ultimate solution for coverage of open fractures, exposed osteosynthesis material and for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. The authors further stress the constant anatomy and the ease of dissection. Removal of the muscle leaves minimal functional donor deficits. The high success rate of 95% as a pedicled flap and of 94% as a free flap highlight the reliability of the LTD flap and advocate its use for "all seasons". PMID- 3503448 TI - [Spleen-preserving surgery using a polyglactin (Vicryl) perisplenic prosthesis]. AB - The use of a perisplenic prosthesis in Polyglactin (Vicryl) is a recent technique for spleen conservation after trauma. We present our experience in eight severely traumatised patients with hemoperitoneum on the basis of a ruptured spleen. In all cases we were able to save the spleen. No complications occurred and the splenic function was intact after the operation. An overview of the techniques for conservation of the spleen after trauma is given. PMID- 3503449 TI - [Infrared coagulation as an aide in proctology]. AB - The infrared coagulation has being described as a method of treatment for haemorrhoids first and second degree, with results almost as effective as rubber band ligation and sclerosing injection therapy, but with fewer complications. More frequent applications of infrared coagulation may improve results and are often in a six month interval necessary. A major indication exist in bleeding haemorrhoids where the infrared coagulation gives a quick result. PMID- 3503450 TI - Hazards of nasopharyngeal oxygen therapy: a case of iatrogenic stomach rupture. AB - Iatrogenic rupture of the stomach has been reported as a rare complication of nasopharyngeal oxygen therapy. A new case of this life-threatening condition is reported and diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures are briefly discussed. PMID- 3503452 TI - [Interdigital pilonidal sinus or barber's disease]. AB - A case of barbers disease is presented. The pathogenesis, clinical course and therapy is reviewed. This rare occupational disease must be regarded separate from the postnatal sinus pilonidalis. Therefore the authors suggest a revalorization of the distinguishing name of fistula interdigitalis crinogenita given by G. J. N. Vleugels Schutter in 1963. PMID- 3503451 TI - [A comparative study of 2 treatment methods for onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail)]. AB - One hundred and fifty-six patients, on whom 200 procedures for ingrowing toenails were performed, were randomly allocated into one or two treatment groups: segmental phenolization and wedge excision. There were 94 segmental phenolizations and 106 wedge excisions. Post-treatment discomfort was assessed on an analytical graph. There was a clear difference between the two groups one week after treatment. Over a mean follow-up period of 12 months a total of 27 nail spikes occurred, 8 in the phenolized group and 16 in the wedge excision group, this being not a significant difference at the five per cent level. PMID- 3503453 TI - Arterial rupture and pseudoaneurysm formation secondary to the use of the Fogarty balloon catheter. AB - The authors describe four cases of arterial damage secondary to the use of the Fogarty balloon catheter. A review of the literature is presented and it is concluded that the number of complications after balloon catheter thrombectomy is generally underestimated. The associated morbidity remains high, but most of the complications may be prevented by appropriate use of the catheter. PMID- 3503454 TI - [Breast tuberculosis: apropos of a case]. AB - The tuberculosis of the breast has rarely been observed. A new case is reported. The characteristic clinical symptoms are a firm, no-fixed, painless mass with adenopathies. The disease is rarely bilateral. The most difficult problem is differentiation between tuberculosis and carcinoma in the older patient. The clinical appearance of a pyogenic breast abscess is also very similar to tuberculosis. The most reliable diagnosis studies include bacteriologic cultures of aspirate and histologic examination. The best treatment is a complete surgical excision of the lesion and at least 6 months' postoperative anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. PMID- 3503455 TI - [Partial gastrectomy for benign stomach ulcer: early and late results]. AB - 106 patients had a partial gastrectomy for a benign gastric ulcer. 63 of them got a long-term follow-up. The mean follow-up is 127 months. The mortality rate of the emergency operation is 20%. For the elective operation the mortality rate is 0%. More than 90% of the patients have no complaints after a long time. Following a Billroth I operation most patients feel better initially but later there is no difference at all. The frequency of the ulcer recurrence following a B I is higher than following a B II, but it is lower than after another operation (resp. 5.8% and 2.2%). For these reasons we propose a partial gastrectomy for a benign gastric ulcer in elective circumstances. To prevent alkaline biliary reflux gastritis a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with selective vagotomy and Roux-in-Y anastomosis has to become a routine operation. In emergency circumstances a partial gastrectomy is not indicated because of the high mortality rate. PMID- 3503456 TI - [Enterogastric reflux: experimental and clinical aspects]. AB - Reflux gastritis is a controversial topic. On the basis of clinical, experimental and endoscopic data, most authors regard it as a possible sequel of any operation that abolishes antro-pyloric continence; they treat it by a 50 cm Roux-en-Y-loop. However several recent publications have questioned the very existence of this syndrome. Contrary to initial hopes, quantitation of reflux by 99mTc HIDA cholescintigraphy has not settled this debate. Scintigraphy seems to be of limited value in selecting patients likely to be improved by the surgical correction of reflux. In the future, the environment into which reflux occurs should be investigated more thoroughly. PMID- 3503457 TI - [Benign tumoral and pseudotumoral lesions of the stomach. Study of a surgical and biopsied series]. AB - Benign gastric tumours and pseudotumours have often been a cause of confusion not only diagnostically but also in terms of treatment, since their significance varies with the histologic type. We try to provide a comprehensive classification scheme dividing gastric benign tumours and pseudotumours in 3 major categories: epithelial, mesenchymatous and dysembryoplastic. We review the clinical significance of the subcategories. PMID- 3503458 TI - Gastric pseudolymphoma. AB - The observation of a gastric pseudolymphoma is presented. Diagnostic, pathologic and therapeutic implications of this uncommon condition are discussed. PMID- 3503459 TI - [Benign stomach tumors: histology, diagnosis and surgical experience]. AB - Benign neoplasms of the stomach lead to atypical symptoms. Radiological and endoscopic investigations are always recommended. Our surgical experience with 11 epithelial and 26 mesenchymal benign neoplasms is discussed. A local excision could be carried out in 24 patients, of whom 4 developed postoperative complications and one deceased. Ten cases required a partial and 3 cases a total gastrectomy. This was mainly due to the localisation or the extent of the lesions. One surgical complication occurred and one patient died. Relapse was never observed in the long-term (i.e. 6 years) follow-up of 29 patients. Nonetheless, a yearly radiological or endoscopical control is advocated since hyperplastic polyps can relapse as exaggerated healing of an ulcer, and because especially leiomyomas, neurilemmomas en lipomas carry a substantial risk of malignant degeneration. PMID- 3503460 TI - Problems in the surgical treatment of motility disorders occurring after gastric surgery. AB - Delayed or accelerated gastric emptying and excessive reflux of upper intestinal contents into the stomach are the main disorders of motility occurring after gastric surgery. Most of these syndromes may be treated by conservative measures. When surgical therapy is needed attention must be paid to the possible specific side effects of remedial treatment. Interposition of a reversed jejunal loop in the treatment of dumping after Billroth I gastrectomy may be responsible for the development of an anastomotic ulcer. Roux-en-Y biliary diversion for the surgical treatment of postoperative reflux alkaline gastritis may result in a Roux-en-Y syndrome characterized by severe, delayed gastric emptying. Whenever possible, the pyloric sphincter should be preserved in gastric surgery as the elimination of the pylorus is the main cause of postoperative motility disorders. PMID- 3503461 TI - [On the article, "Evaluation of education in surgery in Belgium. A survey conducted in 2 French-language universities"]. PMID- 3503462 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3503463 TI - [Endoscopy in the diagnosis of Crohn disease localized in the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 3503464 TI - [Aphthoid ulcerations in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3503465 TI - The radiological appearances of small intestinal Crohn's disease with the enteroclysis technique. PMID- 3503467 TI - [Computerized tomography in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3503466 TI - [Crohn's disease of the small intestine. Barium meal or enteroclysis?]. PMID- 3503468 TI - [Levels of trace elements in the serum, urine and feces in patients with Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3503469 TI - [Surgical aspects of Crohn's jejuno-ileal disease]. PMID- 3503470 TI - [The goals of the "Crohn Association", a society of patients with Crohn's disease]. PMID- 3503471 TI - [Effect of zinc deficiency on the in vivo biosynthesis of fatty acids of the linoleic series in the rat]. AB - The effect of Zn deficiency on the in vivo synthesis of fatty acids of linoleic acid (n6) series was studied in rat liver. 1-14C Linoleic acid (18:2 n 6), 1-14C acetate plus delta-linolenic acid (18:3 n 6), and 1-14C eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 n 6) were administered to control rats and to animals which had been maintained for 32 days on a Zn-deficient diet. The distribution of label among microsomal fatty acids was measured one hour after the injections. 14C 18:2 n 6 was converted to 14C labeled (n 6) linolenate, eicosatrienoate, arachidonate, and docosapentaenoate. Label from 14C acetate was found in saturated fatty acids and in the above polyenes. The label from 14C 20:3 n 6 was transferred to (n 6) eicosatetraenoate and docosapentaenoate. These results are consistent with the occurrence of active delta 6, delta 5 and delta 4 desaturases, as well as fatty acid elongases in vivo. Zn deficiency modified the fatty acid composition of rat liver microsomes and decreased the rate of conversion of 14C 18:2 to higher homologs. The 20:4 n 6/18:2 n 6 ratio was decreased, which correlated with a decreased production of 14C 20:4 n 6 from 14C 18:2 n 6. The ratio (14C-labeled) phosphatidylcholine/triacylglycerols was significantly decreased in Zn-deprived rats. Zn deficiency thus decreases the activity of fatty acid desaturases and elongases and modifies the activity of the enzymes involved in the incorporation of fatty acids into lipids. PMID- 3503472 TI - Variations in soluble and particulate ABP of rat testis during sexual development. AB - Androgen binding activity (ABP) was determined in two different fractions of developing rat testicular homogenates: in cytosol (cABP) and in a particulate fraction isolated by differential centrifugation (pABP). Homogenates were prepared under stabilization conditions by adding 350 nM testosterone to the homogenization buffer. cABP and pABP concentrations were maximal in 22- to 32-day old animals, to decrease thereafter during sexual maturation. However, both cABP and pABP increased with age when results were expressed on a per organ basis. pABP could be solubilized under conditions in which it could retain its binding activity. It was then photoaffinity labeled and chromatographed on a Sephadex G 200 column using cytosolic epididymal ABP as a control. Similarities between cABP and pABP include not only the same androgen binding characteristics but also the same exclusion volume after Sephadex G 200 chromatography. Since pABP is only present in Sertoli cells, it might represent ABP before being secreted. Because of its intracellular localization, it could play a role in the compartmentalization of androgens within the testis. PMID- 3503473 TI - Self-regulation in Bulinus tropicus (Krauss), a snail of helminthological importance. AB - Ageing of the culture medium results in the inhibition of oviposition in B. tropicus. Changes in oxygen and ionic levels of the rearing water during the conditioning period do not seem to be responsible for the inhibition and fluctuations in ambient temperature and have no enhancing effect on inhibited oviposition. The results are consistent with the suggestion that some sort of inhibitory compound is released by the snails into the culture water. PMID- 3503474 TI - Relaxant action of androgens, progestins and corticosteroids on the isolated ileum of the guinea pig. AB - The action of three different kinds of progesterone related compounds was tested on the spontaneous contractility of the isolated guinea pig ileum. The results showed that this tissue was very sensitive to the action of androgens, progestins and corticosteroids. Relaxation was observed as dose-dependent; however, effective doses 50 were different, being related to the chemical structure of the compound. 5 beta-progestins were the most potent steroids followed by 5-reduced androgens (5 alpha or 5 beta). 4-en compounds such as testosterone, progesterone, 17 alpha-OH-progesterone, and corticosteroids were the lower in potency. 5 alpha pregnanedione and pregnanediols were practically ineffective. The high sensitiveness of the ileum smooth muscle makes this organ a target for steroids. Thus, steroidal influence on the intestine might be related with contractility changes in some physiological circumstances, e.g., pregnancy. PMID- 3503475 TI - Erythropoietic action of dexamethasone on the anemia associated with an experimental chronic renal failure. AB - Partially nephrectomized anemic uremic rats were injected with dexamethasone phosphate (10, 50 and 500 micrograms/kg/day), i.p., and erythropoietin (5 U/day), s.c., for 10 days. A marked and usually significant stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis was seen in all uremic animals treated. Administration of erythropoietin and dexamethasone produced a pronounced increment in hemoglobin, hematocrit and circulating reticulocytes. The increase in red blood cell production was also evident through the generally increased absolute numbers of nucleated erythroid cell precursors per milligram of bone marrow. The highest increases were seen in the erythropoietin treated uremic rats. A dose effect correlation was apparent in uremic rats receiving 3 different doses of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone may stimulate erythropoiesis in our anemic uremic rats through a previous augmentation of erythropoietin production in the residual renal mass. A synergistic permissive effect of dexamethasone increasing the sensitivity of the erythropoietin-responsive cells to erythropoietin in bone marrow is also quite possible. PMID- 3503476 TI - First year residency stress: sources and mediators. AB - This study expands on previous research on stress in the internship year by identifying potential sources of stress in the training requirements and faculty contacts of first year family practice residents. All first year residents completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) once a month throughout the year. It was shown that specific training demands, such as the number of beeper calls, the number of nights on call, the amount of sleep, etc., correlated with the POMS and the SDS only in the early rotations. The residents' ratings of commitment to teaching, availability, and sensitivity of the faculty on each service, however, were consistently related to the residents' moods regardless of time of year. When residents rated faculty as low on these characteristics, they scored higher on the stress indicators, whereas when residents rated faculty as high on these characteristics, their stress scores were significantly reduced. PMID- 3503477 TI - The periodic health examination in a family practice center: use, content, and results. AB - Records of 176 patients coming to a family practice center for complete physical examinations were reviewed to learn about the use, content and results of such examinations. The patients provided new or updated histories and were given full physical examinations. Blood pressures, breast, and rectal examinations were performed on at least 70 percent of the patients. Stool blood checks and mammograms were performed on 40 percent or less of the patients. Urinalyses, blood counts, and multichannel chemistry tests were performed as routine procedures for about one-half the patients. Most abnormalities found on these tests appeared relatively minimal; only about one-fourth of the abnormal results were repeated or commented upon in the record. Few diagnoses or changes in therapy resulted from routine laboratory testing. These studies should be used to screen only for preventable or treatable conditions, or to evaluate specific problems noted on history or physical examination. PMID- 3503478 TI - Cyclical variation in number of visits and major diagnoses at a rural family practice clinic. AB - Many physicians have noted time-related variations in the numbers of patients and types of diagnoses seen in their practices. These variations may be weekly, monthly, or seasonal. A powerful analytical technique used in electronics, economics, and the life-sciences to detect cyclic variation (time-series analysis) was applied to total visits and major diagnoses at a rural clinic to identify and describe the existence of time-related variations. Significant cycles were found in total visits and most diagnostic categories, with cycles longer than four months being the most prominent. Physician availability was highly correlated with variations in all visit categories tested, including injury visits. However, little variation was found in the use of referral. These findings may have implications for medical training, epidemiologic surveillance, and health resource planning. This method should be considered to be a standard technique for study of time-related variables. PMID- 3503479 TI - Clinical practice by behavioral scientists in family medicine programs. AB - Mental health liaison in primary health care is a salient but neglected area of concern. One element of such liaison is clinical service provided by behavioral scientists in family medicine residency training settings. The current study examined such clinical practice by specifying reasons for referral, chief complaints, psychosocial problems, dispositions, and treatments for family practice patients referred to three behavioral scientists across two settings. Results indicate that assessment and intervention are requested for a broad range of problems, with depression, anxiety, and psychophysiological disorders the most prevalent. Short-term therapy was the dominant form of treatment by the behavioral scientists. PMID- 3503480 TI - Leukotrienes stimulate gonadotropin release in vitro. AB - Monolayer cell cultures of female rat anterior pituitaries were used to investigate the effect of leukotrienes (LT) LTA4, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 and other lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (5-HETE, 5-HPETE, and 15-HETE) in vitro. 3H-arachidonic acid was rapidly incorporated into pituicytes and its release was enhanced by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in superfused pituitary cells. Leukotrienes were found to be very potent stimulators of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) when added as pulses to superfused pituicytes. At equimolar concentrations, LTA4, LTB4, LTC4 and LTE4 were found to be more potent than the physiological stimulus GnRH. LTD4 did not affect gonadotropin secretion. Other lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, such as 5-HETE, 5-HPETE and 15-HETE were less effective on the exocytosis of LH. These results suggest that leukotrienes are potential mediators of GnRH action on gonadotropin secretion and are possible sites of regulation of pituitary function. PMID- 3503481 TI - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in pregnancies associated with emesis gravidarum. AB - Nausea and/or vomiting in pregnancy (emesis gravidarum) is a very common event. The specific etiology of this disorder is still unknown. In this study we examined serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 98 healthy pregnant women in early and late pregnancy. Sixty of these women complained of emesis gravidarum. Compared to non-pregnant controls the pregnancy values of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were elevated in all subjects due to an increase in all lipoprotein classes. In addition, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were enriched in triglycerides relative to other components. Differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins between the emetic and non-emetic subjects were found. The lipid contents of LDL and HDL were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the emetic women in early pregnancy. During late pregnancy the total lipid content in all fractions was higher in previously emetic subjects. Thus, a metabolic difference between the groups persisted throughout pregnancy. It is suggested that an altered influence of estrogen on the liver might be responsible for these dissimilarities. PMID- 3503482 TI - Proliferative potential and polymorphism of human endometrial stromal cells. AB - The proliferative potential of stromal cells from human endometrium, separated from glands by dispersion in the presence of collagenase and subsequent passage through a sieve, was evaluated by determining the total number of cell doublings achieved when cells were repeatedly subcultured in a 1:2 split ratio in Ham's F 10 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Fifty doublings or more (up to 100) were observed in 8 of the 26 specimens (30%) which we examined. This number of doublings is high for cells obtained from adult tissues and may in part reflect the unusually great proliferative capacity of human endometrium when compared to that of other tissues. The shape of the stromal cells depended on the medium in which they were originally cultured. Cells cultured in Ham's F-10 medium containing 10% FBS showed the typical fibroblastic morphology at confluence; they appeared elongated or spindle-shaped and formed monolayers. In contrast, cultures in CMRL-1066 medium in the presence of 10% FBS appeared polygonal or stellate-shaped and also formed monolayers. In about 50% of the cultures in CMRL-1066 medium we observed fibroblast-shaped cells that superficially resembled cells grown in Ham's F-10 medium, but were able to form dome structures. In some cultures the regions of prominent overgrowth were macroscopically visible. Switching media during later passages did not reverse the shape of the cells obtained in CMRL-1066 medium or that of the fibroblast shaped cells in Ham's F-10 medium, suggesting either that the growth of a subpopulation was favoured early during cellular adaptation to primary culture or that there was a single cell population whose phenotype was determined early in culture and then no longer responded to medium factors. Examination of the cytoskeleton after visualization with rhodamine-labelled phalloidin revealed that the arrangement of the microfilaments corresponded to the cell shape observed in living cells under the phase contrast microscope. Distinct changes in morphology were observed when primary stromal cell cultures in CMRL-1066 medium were exposed to progesterone, indicating that progestins may affect cytoskeletal proteins. PMID- 3503483 TI - Effects of flutamide, a pure antiandrogen, on endocrine parameters, in the adult female rat. AB - Since antiandrogens having mixed agonistic-antagonistic activities on the androgen receptor have shown benefits in the treatment of hirsutism, the availability of a pure antiandrogen is of particular interest. As a first step, we have thus investigated in detail the effect of the pure antiandrogen Flutamide on endocrine parameters in the female rat. Treatment with the antiandrogen (5 mg, twice daily) for 4 cycles did not affect the 4-day estrous cycle. The antiandrogen had no significant effect on the ovarian level of cytosolic total and available as well as nuclear estrogen receptors in the uterus, and did not affect the concentration of LH and FSH ovarian receptors. The ovarian level of progestins was minimally affected or unchanged on estrus and diestrus I, while an increase was observed under treatment with Flutamide on diestrus II and proestrus. In the plasma, however, there was small or no effect of Flutamide treatment on the concentration of pregnenolone, 17-OH pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-OH-progesterone. The ovarian levels of testosterone (T) and of its two metabolites androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol were increased by treatment with Flutamide on the morning of diestrus II and proestrus. This was reflected by a 30-100% increase of the levels of plasma T on proestrus. The increase in the ovarian concentration of 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (delta 5-diol) and androstenedione observed on diestrus II and on proestrus did not lead to any change in the plasma level of these steroids, which remained normal throughout the estrous cycle during treatment with Flutamide. The ovarian and plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol were not affected by treatment with the antiandrogen. The present data show that treatment of intact adult female rats with the pure antiandrogen Flutamide has no effect on the estrous cycle, with no significant change in the plasma concentration of the most important estrogenic compound in the rat, namely, 17 beta-estradiol. The present observation of minor endocrine effects of Flutamide in the intact adult female rat supports clinical trials on the use of this antiandrogen, a potential drug of choice for the treatment of hirsutism, acne and alopecia in women. PMID- 3503484 TI - Osteoporosis and amenorrhea in young women. AB - Bone density of the radius was measured using both standard photon absorptiometry and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning, and of the femur using CT, in 21 young women with amenorrhea and estrogen deficiency due to hyperprolactinemia, 8 due to ovarian failure or weight loss, 17 postmenopausal women with bone fractures presumed to be due to osteoporosis, and 36 young normal controls. Bone density in the postmenopausal women was reduced by 18-20% in the radius and 11% in the femur (p less than 0.001). In the hyperprolactinemic group bone density was significantly reduced only in the femur (by 4%, p less than 0.01). Bone density appeared to be reduced in the other young amenorrheic women both in the radius (by 2-5%) and the femur (3%) but the difference was not significant, although the group was small. This and other studies of bone density suggest the need for prophylactic treatment to prevent osteoporosis in young women with amenorrhea and estrogen deficiency, whatever the cause. PMID- 3503485 TI - Aromatase activity in monolayer cell cultures of human endometrium. AB - Monolayer cell cultures of proliferative human endometrial stromal cells were incubated with 100 nCi 3H-androstenedione or 100 nCi 3H-testosterone for 15 hours. After termination of the incubations 16% of the recovered radioactivity was identified as estrone by thin layer chromatography and subsequent recrystallization. 3H-testosterone was almost quantitatively converted to 3H androstenedione. 3H-dihydrotestosterone remained unmetabolized. These findings indicate a highly active 17 beta-ol-dehydrogenase and a high aromatizing capacity of human endometrial cells. PMID- 3503486 TI - Catalase protection of neuronal survival in vitro is not directed to the accumulation of peroxides in the culture medium. AB - Walicke et al. (1986, J. Neurosci. 6, 1114-1121) have shown that catalase can replace the pyruvate requirement for survival of CNS neurons cultured in vitro. Since presently the only known function of catalase is the enzymatic degradation of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, the simplest interpretation of the ability of catalase to support neuronal survival would be that catalase removes from the culture medium hydrogen peroxide. To test this hypothesis 8-day embryonic chick forebrain cells were cultured for 24 hr in a modified Eagle's Basal Medium with the serum-free supplement N1 (HEBM/N1) in the presence or absence of Phenol Red, 20 micrograms/ml catalase, 1 mM pyruvate, and/or 25 mM N-2 hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane-sulfonic acid (HEPES) on a polyornithine laminin substratum. The various media were then assayed for peroxide content using the potassium iodide method described by Wang and Nixon (1978, In Vitro 14, 714-722). The present data reveal that (1) HEBM/N1 normally contains approximately 50 microM peroxides, little of which is hydrogen peroxide, (2) the organic peroxide levels accumulating in this medium are not reduced by either catalase or pyruvate, and (3) medium modifications can reduce to no longer detectable levels the peroxides accumulating in the medium, but catalase or pyruvate is still required for neuronal survival. We conclude that catalase must exert its survival-promoting action at levels other than peroxides accumulating in the culture medium. PMID- 3503487 TI - Rates of protein synthesis in brain and other organs. AB - We previously found a decrease in protein synthesis in brain during development, which was much greater as measured in brain slices than in brain in vivo. In the present work such changes in brain were compared to those in other organs. With measurement of incorporation of flooding doses of [14C]valine into proteins of organs, the highest synthesis rate in the adult animal in vivo was found in liver (2.2%) followed by kidney (1.8%), spleen (1.6%), lung (1.0%), heart (0.7%), brain (0.6%) and muscle (0.5%). In immature animals the synthesis rate was highest in spleen (2.6%) followed by liver (2.4%), kidney (1.7%), lung (1.6%), brain (1.5%), heart (1.1%), and muscle (0.9%). Protein synthesis in slices from each tissue proceeded at lower rates than in vivo, especially in adults. The tissue affected the most by the preparation of the slices was muscle. PMID- 3503488 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of primary cilium in the embryonic nervous tissue of mouse. AB - In the embryonic nervous system, the morphology and spatial organization of the ciliary apparatus in the primordial cells, the neuroepithelial bipolar cells, has been analysed from frontal and horizontal ultrathin sections. Projecting into the ventricular fluid, the primary cilium is located just at the interface between the ventricular fluid and the cytoplasm of these cells. Always associated with a basal body and a centriole, their structural components are nine microtubule doublets equally spaced around the luminal cylinder without central doublet. The cilium is short with a thick base displaying a reduced ciliary necklace and a 9 + 0 pattern. In its tip, the pattern decreases from 7 + 0 to 2 + 0. The basal body differs from the basal body of the motil cilium by internal and external sheets interconnecting triplets from base to apex, the constant existence of an accessory basal foot and the scarcity of a ciliary rootlet. All these characteristics suggest that in the neuroepithelial bipolar cells the ciliary apparatus is a rigid, polarized and transient structure probably important in the possible exchange between the ventricular fluid and the developing nervous system. PMID- 3503489 TI - Correlation of clustering peak density and total amount of acetylcholine receptor on cultured mouse myotubes. AB - The development of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and its clustering were studied quantitatively on mouse myotubes in nerve-muscle co-cultures. AChR was visualized by fluorescence-labeled antibodies (F-Ab) against crude AChR or fluorescence labeled alpha-bungarotoxin (F-alpha-BuTX). The F-Ab stain was observed throughout the entire surface of the myotube at day 8 and appeared clustered at day 13. Both peak density and total amount of fluorescence in F-Ab stained myotubes were plotted against days in culture. Both fluorescence indices markedly increased from days 8 to 13 of culture were greater in extent in myotubes incubated in the presence of spinal cord explant, as compared with its absence. Similar results were observed in myotubes stained with F-alpha-BuTX. D-Tubocurarine (D-TC, 0.1 mg/ml) and native alpha-BuTX (1 microgram/ml) clearly inhibited both the total amount of fluorescence and the development of peak fluorescence density in the F Ab stained myotubes. But the inhibition by D-TC appeared at the later day in culture than alpha-BuTX did. Low temperature (28 degrees C) and cholesterol (1 microgram/ml) treatment inhibited peak fluorescence density without affecting total amount of fluorescence. These results show that the development of ACh can be characterized both by clustering peak density (indicating the lateral mobility of AChR) and by total amount of fluorescence. PMID- 3503490 TI - Fibronectin and collagens modulate the proliferation and morphology of astroglial cells in culture. AB - The proliferation and morphology of astroglia derived from neonatal rat cortex and cultured in serum-free medium on either untreated, or fibronectin-, or collagen I-, or collagen IV-treated substrates were investigated using tritiated thymidine autoradiography and immunocytochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and actin. Modification of culture substratum with fibronectin enhanced the rate of proliferation of astroglial cells and increased the proportion of process-bearing astroglial cells. The distribution of actin and patterns of adhesion observed were typical for motile cells. Both types of collagen decreased the proportion of astroglial cells undergoing mitosis. Many of the astroglial cells exhibited a flat morphology and displayed prominent stress fibres in the cell body and processes. The data suggest that specific interactions with the substratum modulate the proliferation and morphological behaviour of astroglial cells. PMID- 3503491 TI - Lasting effects on mouse brain growth of 24 hr postpartum deprivation. AB - When inbred BALB/c mice were separated from their mother for 24 or 36 hr beginning shortly after birth, growth of the body, whole brain and corpus callosum was almost completely stopped. After being returned to their mother, mice deprived for 24 hr gained weight more slowly than non-deprived littermates over the next 6 days but later showed moderate catch-up growth after weaning at 4 weeks of age. After 55 days of recovery, mice deprived for only 24 hr showed significant reductions in brain weight and size of forebrain commissures compared to littermate controls. Approximately twice as many deprived mice had a corpus callosum that was abnormally small compared to controls. These results demonstrate that a rather brief but severe period of separation from the mother can have lasting effects on brain growth. PMID- 3503492 TI - Development of serotoninergic neurons from ventricular cells of the mouse neural plate in vitro. AB - Cephalic neural plates and neural tubes of mice (pros- and rhombencephalic anlagen), developmental stages Theiler 11-18 [Th 11-18; embryonic day 7 1/2-11 (E7 1/2-11)], were prepared and cultured in a plasma clot with horse serum containing MEM medium. Differentiation of the ventricular cells was studied in order to investigate the expression of serotoninergic properties. Serotoninergic neurons were not detected in preparations derived from neural plates of stage Th 11 (E7 1/2), but were demonstrated in increasing numbers from the early stage Th 12 (E8) onwards. The exclusively originated from the rhombencephalic floor caudal to the mesencephalic flexure. The serotoninergic neurons developed from these areas, irrespective of whether being cultured in their natural position within the neural plate, or separated as microcultures, or transplanted into the prosencephalic anlage. Every other region of the neural plate remained free of serotoninergic neurons. The in vitro findings are highly reproducible due to the following properties: the morphological and immunocytochemical peculiarities of the serotoninergic neurons, their tendency to appear in increasing numbers with age, their localization within the cultured neural plates and their appearance in all cultures from stage Th 12 (E8) on. Due to these findings it is considered possible that the progenitor cells of serotoninergic neurons might already have been determined within distinct areas in the mouse neural plates as early as stage Th 12 (E8). PMID- 3503493 TI - Acetylcholine and choline levels in rabbit fetuses exposed to anticholinergics. AB - It has been hypothesized that acetylcholine, choline acetylase and acetylcholinesterase may have an ontogenic and trophic influence in the embryo, and that therefore certain drugs may produce malformations via their effect on the acetylcholine and choline levels in the fetus. Thalidomide and the anticholinergics, scopolamine hydrobromide and orphenadrine hydrochloride, and doxylamine succinate, an antihistamine with secondary anticholinergic action, were administered to pregnant New Zealand White rabbit does from day 8 to day 15 of gestation. Cesarean sections were performed on gestational day 16, the fetuses removed and the acetylcholine and choline contents of the fetuses and placentas were estimated by organic extraction and derivation for injection into a GCMS. These acetylcholine and choline levels were compared with those of the fetuses and placentas of the control animals mated with the same buck on the same day as the treated animals. Thalidomide (50 mg/kg) did not affect acetylcholine or choline levels in the fetuses or the placentas obtained from the treated animal. Scopolamine (approximately 100 micrograms/kg) reduced the choline level in the placenta and fetus but not the acetylcholine levels. Orphenadrine (approximately 24 mg/kg) reduced acetylcholine and choline levels in the fetus and choline levels in the placenta. Doxylamine succinate (10 mg/kg) reduced the acetylcholine levels in the fetus and the choline levels in the placenta. The placenta is a fetal organ and the significance of acetylcholine production by the placenta is as yet unknown. The reduction in acetylcholine levels in the fetus exposed to drugs with an anticholinergic action may be of significance in the production of malformations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503494 TI - Calcium-dependent regulation of phospholipase A2 and its inhibitors, including tetracaine, for acetylcholine receptor cluster formation in mouse myotubes co cultured with spinal cord explant. AB - Regulatory effects of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cluster formation were investigated in developing mouse myotubes co-cultured with spinal cord explant, using quinacrine, cortisone, tetracaine and related agents. AChR was visualized using the fluorescence-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. Peak fluorescence intensity and total fluorescence within the fluorescence stain were measured as indices of AChR cluster formation and AChR content, respectively. Both indices were gradually increased from day 9 to 13 in culture. PLA2 (0.2-1.0 micrograms/ml), melittin (10 micrograms/ml) and arachidonic acid (100 microM), added to the culture medium from the second day, clearly inhibited both indices at days 11 and 13, whereas the addition of phospholipase C (1 microgram/ml) inhibited peak fluorescence but did not affect total fluorescence. The co existence of PLA2 with its inhibitors--quinacrine (3 microM), cortisone (0.01 microM) and tetracaine (30 microM)--significantly overcame the PLA2-induced inhibition of both indices. The elevation of calcium ion concentrations from 2.9 to 10 mM abolished the increase of both indices. Quinacrine (10 microM), cortisone (0.1 microM) and tetracaine (100 microM) alone similarly inhibited both fluorescence indices. The addition of EGTA (2 mM) from day 8 overcame tetracaine induced inhibition but not quinacrine- or cortisone-induced inhibition. These results suggest that the formation of AChR clusters in developing myotubes is negatively controlled by endogenous PLA2 activity. This overcoming of PLA2 induced inhibition by tetracaine may be dependent on calcium ion mobilization, whereas that by quainacrine and cortisone may not. PMID- 3503495 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of L-ornithine decarboxylase in developing rat brain. AB - L-Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis and a marker enzyme of tissue proliferation and maturation, was localized immunocytochemically in the developing rat central nervous system. It can be noted that the distribution of the enzyme protein underlies temporal alterations. Conclusions are drawn from the localization of the enzyme and possible functional roles played by ornithine decarboxylase in discrete brain areas. PMID- 3503496 TI - Detachment of cultured neurons from substratum by astrocytic membrane-associated activity. Implications for CNS regeneration? AB - In primary cultures of dissociated cells from 6-day-old rat cerebellum, astrocytes proliferated and grew under the initially formed network of neurons. The growing astrocytes invaded the culture growth surface, while the neurons detached from the substratum and died. By 8 days after plating a confluent layer of astrocytes has taken over the entire growth surface area and neurons have disappeared. Membrane fractions prepared from astrocytes of 8-day-old cultures, have led to detachment of growing neurons. After 2 days in the presence of membrane fractions, about 70% of the neurons disappeared and many of the remaining ones had detached or retracted processes. The results indicate that the well-known phenomenon of disappearance of neurons from mixed primary CNS cultures, is probably caused by a membrane-associated activity of the proliferating astrocytes which can disturb neuron-substratum attachments. Our in vitro study implies that astrocytes may have a membrane-associated activity which is expressed under certain conditions and can disturb the contacts of growing or regenerating axons with their growth substrata. PMID- 3503497 TI - Corticosterone therapy during gestation: effects on the development of rat cerebellum. AB - Corticosterone (1 microgram/g) was administered to the pregnant rat mother at 17, 18 and 19 days of gestation. The pups were killed at birth or at 6 or 12 days of age and the morphological and biochemical development of the brain, with special emphasis in the cerebellum was studied. The brain and cerebellar weight was slightly diminished in the corticosterone treated animals. Corticosterone produces changes in the pattern of development of the cerebellar layers, causing an accelerated decrement of the external granular layer at 12 days of life. The total protein content of the cerebellum was increased in the hormone treated pups at birth, 6 and 12 postnatal days. Newborn corticosterone treated animals showed a decreased DNA content, but this phenomenon was completely reversed at 12 days. It was concluded that corticosterone given to the pregnant mother influences the time pattern of the development of the brain and the cerebellum. PMID- 3503498 TI - Effects of nerve growth factor on autonomic neurons in the chick embryo: a stereological study. AB - Quantitative effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the sympathetic, Remak and ciliary ganglia in chicken embryos were investigated. Purified mouse beta NGF was injected (80 micrograms per day for three or four consecutive days) into the yolk sac at different stages (starting on days 6, 8, 10 and 13) of embryonic development. Ganglia were taken for fixation and embedding one day after the last NGF injection. The number of neurons belonging to the different size classes was determined by a computer aided stereological method based on unfolding of cell diameter frequencies. The volume of sympathetic ganglia was increased at all stages with a maximum of 8-fold occurring on day 10. The ganglion of Remak showed a 3-fold volume increase up to embryonic days 10 and 12. Ciliary ganglia did not exhibit any differences in volume or neuron size between the controls and the embryos injected with NGF. The number of neurons was increased in younger sympathetic and Remak ganglia in response to NGF, as was the recruitment of neurons to the larger size classes. PMID- 3503499 TI - Effects of nerve growth factor on sensory neurons in the chick embryo: a stereological study. AB - Chicken embryos on days 6-13 of incubation received injections of purified beta NGF (80 micrograms/day) for 3 or 4 days and were then killed. Sensory ganglia were fixed and taken for embedding and sectioning. A stereological method based on unfolding of cell-diameter frequencies was used to determine the number of neurons of different size in the spinal, trigeminal and nodose ganglia. The total volume of the ganglia was also determined. NGF induced increases in diameter of the neural crest-derived dorsomedial (DM) neurons in spinal and trigeminal ganglia. Injected NGF did not influence ventrolateral (VL) neurons of neural crest origin in the spinal ganglia nor the ventrolateral neurons of placodal origin in the trigeminal ganglion. The volumes of spinal and trigeminal ganglia increased by 50 and 100%, respectively. The volume of the nodose ganglion and the total number and size of the placodal nodose neurons were unaffected by NGF. The results demonstrate a clear difference in the response to NGF in vivo between smaller and larger sensory neurons. PMID- 3503500 TI - Induction of cytoskeletal alterations in C6 glioma by glia maturation factor. AB - C6 rat glioma cells respond to glia maturation factor (GMF) with characteristic morphological alterations. Observed under phase-contrast microscopy, the cells changed from a rounded morphology in random formation to a spindle-shaped appearance in parallel arrays. Observed under scanning electron microscopy, GMF led to a decrease in the number of microvilli and cell surface knobs. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the appearance of numerous microtubules aligned with the long axis of the cells after GMF stimulation. The change in cell shape and histotypic pattern was inhibited by vinblastin, further implicating the involvement of microtubules. Immunofluorescence using anti-alpha tubulin revealed a well-defined cytoskeletal system in GMF-stimulated cells but not in the control cells. Finally, an increase in tubulin was confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on extracts from these cultures. The findings indicate that morphological alterations induced by GMF are associated with changes in the quantity and arrangement of microtubules. PMID- 3503501 TI - A small subset of cortical astrocytes in culture accumulates glycogen. AB - We are interested in identifying the target cells for norepinephrine in cerebral cortex and in characterizing the effects of norepinephrine on these target cells. Norepinephrine inhibits the incorporation of tritiated glucose into glycogen in rat cerebral cortex in dissociated cell culture. To identify which cells store glycogen in these cultures we combined glycogen cytochemistry with glial fibrillary acidic protein immunocytochemistry. Using this technique we show that cytochemically detectable glycogen is restricted to a small subset of astrocytes as well as an unidentified cell type which does not contain glial fibrillary acidic protein. These results demonstrate that only a minority of astrocytes in cortical cultures accumulate glycogen. Therefore cortical astrocytes are differentiated with respect to glycogen accumulation, an important metabolic function. We do not know if glycogen accumulation in astrocytes is a constitutive or facultative property. In either case the subset of astrocytes which accumulates glycogen might be one of the major cellular targets for norepinephrine in cerebral cortex. PMID- 3503502 TI - Dysmyelinogenesis in caprine beta-mannosidosis: ultrastructural and morphometric studies in fetal optic nerve. AB - The optic nerves from a goat fetus affected with beta-mannosidosis and a control fetus were analysed morphologically in order to investigate developmental aspects of beta-mannosidosis-associated myelin deficits. In the affected fetus, the number of myelinated axons per unit area was about 25% of the control values. Histograms of axonal diameter indicated that a greater percentage of the myelinated and unmyelinated axons were of larger caliber in the affected fetus than in the control fetus and that very few small axons were myelinated in the affected animal. The mean values of myelin sheath thickness in the affected and control animals did not differ significantly. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a decreased proportion of oligodendrocytes and an increased proportion of astrocytes in the affected fetus. These results indicate that the pathogenetic process leading to cellular abnormalities and myelin deficits in beta mannosidosis has been initiated prior to 124 days gestation, during an early stage of myelination in the goat optic nerve. The decrease in number of oligodendrocytes suggests that early cell death and/or change in oligodendrocyte proliferation contribute to the myelin deficit. Analysis of the prenatal development of lesions will help clarify the pathogenesis of dysmyelinogenesis in beta-mannosidosis. PMID- 3503503 TI - Effects of triiodothyronine on the development of GFAP-immunoreactivity and CAT activity in monolayer cultures of embryonal rat forebrain cells. AB - Dose-dependent actions of triiodothyronine were studied in serum-containing primary cultures of embryonal rat forebrain cells. Triiodothyronine at concentrations exceeding the normal medium concentration by 2 and 5 nM failed to cause significant changes in the development of CAT-activity and GFAP immunoreactivity. In the presence of additional 10 and 20 nM T3, however, CAT activity was increased and GFAP-immunoreactivity was decreased in comparison to cultures maintained with 'normal' (10% FCS-containing) media. PMID- 3503504 TI - Influences of pertussis toxin, guanine nucleotides and forskolin on adenylate cyclase in striatal membranes of infant, adult and senescent rats. AB - To identify age-related changes in the dopamine (DA) receptors-GTP-binding protein-adenylate cyclase system, the following experiments were performed at 7 days (infant), 70 days (adult) and 2 years (senescent) in striatal membranes of rats: (1) effects of GTP in the presence and absence of pertussis toxin (islet activating protein, IAP) on adenylate cyclase in the presence of forskolin alone, (2) the same in the presence of forskolin plus DA and (3) the corresponding effect of guanyl-5'-yl-beta, alpha-imido-diphosphate (GppNHp). GTP caused biphasic effects: the activation at 1 microM and the inhibition at 100 microM on forskolin-stimulated cyclase activity at 70 days. The inhibition was suppressed with IAP pretreatment. In infant membranes, 100 microM GTP inhibited the activity in the absence and presence of 100 microM DA and IAP induced a reversal from the inhibition to the stimulation only in the presence of DA. In senescent animals, neither GTP nor IAP affected the activity. GppNHp at 1, 10 and 100 microM only activated and did not inhibit forskolin-stimulated cyclase at each stage. GppNHp caused stimulation was no more affected by IAP. IAP ADP-ribosylated 41,000 dalton proteins at each stage and the specific activity of ADP-ribosylation was not changed during development and aging. It is suggested that inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi) with molecular size of 41,000 dalton is involved in DA receptor adenylate cyclase system whose function is low at infant stage and markedly decreased at senescent stage in rat striatal membranes. PMID- 3503505 TI - Effect of thyroid deficiency on the regional development of glutaminase, a glutamatergic neuron marker, in the rat brain. AB - The effect of thyroid deficiency on the activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase (the marker for glutamatergic neurons) was studied in different parts of the rat brain at ages 5, 10, 15 and 25 days, and at day 130 following 102 days of rehabilitation. The brain regions investigated were the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, hippocampus and cerebellum. During normal development, the activity of glutaminase increased relatively earlier in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus than in the cerebellum, while the absolute value reached a much higher level in the hippocampus than in other brain regions. In the basal forebrain, the developmental pattern of glutaminase was bimodal, and the rise in enzyme activity after 15 days coincided with the decrease in the cerebral cortex. These regional developmental changes in glutaminase activity correlated well with known information on the formation of glutamatergic cells and pathways in the brain. Neonatal thyroid deficiency had little effect on the developmental patterns of enzyme activity, the exception being a transient decrease in 10-day-old hypothyroid hippocampus. The present results, together with previous findings, indicate that the effect of thyroid hormone on neural maturation is cell-type specific and the glutamatergic neurons are not the main targets of thyroid hormone action. PMID- 3503506 TI - The role of neuron death in the development of the gender difference in the number of neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - Adult male rats have more neurons in their superior cervical ganglia than do adult females. This difference arises over the first two postnatal weeks, and is apparently related to perinatal levels of circulating testosterone. Exposure of neonatal rats to testosterone or estradiol during the first postnatal weeks results in an increase in the number of neurons in the superior cervical ganglion seen at 15, 30 or 60 days postnatally. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether this observed increase in neurons is due to an increase in neuronal proliferation or to a decrease in neuronal death. Results of autoradiographic studies show no evidence of enhanced neuronal proliferation following postnatal exposure to estradiol, but do show an increased survival of a prenatally labeled population of cells. Counts of degenerating cells in the superior cervical ganglion show that during the peak period of normal neuronal degeneration, on postnatal day 5, 17-beta-estradiol or testosterone propionate treated animals have significantly fewer degenerating superior cervical ganglion cells than do vehicle-injected littermate controls. In addition, vehicle-injected females have more degenerating cells on day 5 than do vehicle-injected males. Taken together these results provide strong evidence that the increase in superior cervical ganglion neurons seen after neonatal exposure to estradiol results from a reduction in developmental neuron death. PMID- 3503507 TI - Developmental changes in hypothalamic melatonin levels of male rats. AB - Hypothalamic melatonin levels of Long-Evans male rats were studied at three ages (25, 55-60 and 90 days), at four times of the day in the autumn (6:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00), and at two times (12:00 and 24:00) in the spring using radiommunoassay. Melatonin levels increased markedly at noon at 55-60 days of age, compared with the levels at the same time of the day at 25 and 90 days. This increase persisted in autumn and spring. The 24-hr pattern in hypothalamic melatonin was the inverse of that in the pineal, with the levels at noon higher than those at midnight. This pattern was detectable at 25 days of age although the difference in melatonin between 12:00 and 24:00 hr was not great. The day/night difference was prominent by 55-60 days of age and disappeared by adulthood (90 days). This 24-hr pattern was similar in spring and autumn in the three ages studied. Although in the 55-60-day-old group the melatonin ratio (noon/midnight) was the same in autumn and spring, the absolute levels of melatonin in spring were significantly lower. The findings are consistent with the general concept of a modulatory role of melatonin in control of hypothalamo hypophyseal GnRH and gonadotropin function, and the timing of the developmental maturation of this neuroendocrine axis. Demonstration of the mechanism of melatonin's action at the hypothalamic level will be facilitated by further definition of quantitative developmental changes. PMID- 3503508 TI - Procedure for establishing oligodendroglial cells in primary cultures based on developmental parameters. AB - We have established cultures using dissociated cells obtained from the neopallium of mouse pups at several different stages of development. The cellular composition of these cultures changed from more than 95% astrocytes when cultures were established from the neopallium of neonates to more than 90% oligodendrocytes when cultures were established from the neopallium of 2-week-old pups. The oligodendrocytic nature of the cells was established on morphological bases as well as the presence of an oligodendrocytic marker, galactocerebroside. PMID- 3503509 TI - Studies on noradrenergic alterations in relation to early phenobarbital-induced behavioral changes. AB - Mice were exposed to phenobarbital prenatally (B offspring) by feeding their mother 3 g/kg phenobarbital in milled food on gestation days 9-18; control dams received unadulterated milled food. At age 50 days, B offspring had fewer fluorescing noradrenergic (NE) cells in the locus coeruleus than control (P less than 0.001). Hippocampal NE levels were also lower in B than in control offspring, while the cerebellar NE levels of B offspring remained normal. Since B offspring are known to be deficient in their hippocampal eight-arm maze behavior, an attempt was made to reverse the behavioral deficit by transplantation of normal embryonic locus coeruleus NE cells into the impaired hippocampus of B offspring. While sham and NE-transplanted controls needed approximately 2 days to reach criterion in the maze, sham-transplanted B required approximately 5 days to reach criterion (P less than 0.01). The scores of NE-transplanted B mice were similar to B and differed significantly from control (P less than 0.01). Thus, it appears that the hippocampal behavioral deficits studied may not be related to alterations in locus coeruleus-hippocampal NE innervations. PMID- 3503510 TI - Normal zinc and iron concentrations in mice after early exposure to phenobarbital. AB - Zinc and iron levels were studied in mice with early (pre/neonatal) exposure to phenobarbital, as the levels of these trace metals are known to be correlated with specific behaviors shown in our previous and present experiment to be affected by early phenobarbital administration. Mice were exposed to phenobarbital prenatally or neonatally. At adulthood they showed marked reduction from control in all parameters of eight-arm maze performance (P less than 0.001). Since zinc is known to be correlated with this behavior, it was subsequently studied in barbiturate exposed animals. The differences between barbiturate exposed and control offspring for zinc levels in plasma, brain and hippocampus did not reach statistical significance. Our previous studies have shown that the number of dopamine receptors and the resulting apomorphine-induced climbing behavior is altered after early exposure to phenobarbital. The effect of iron level on dopamine receptors is now well established. Subsequently, a group of mice were tested for iron levels in their brain and liver. No significant differences were found. It is suggested that deficits in the hippocampal behaviors, mainly eight-arm maze, after early exposure to phenobarbital are not related to changes in zinc levels. Similarly, early phenobarbital-induced alternation in dopamine receptors and the resulting dopaminergic behaviors are not related to changes in iron levels. PMID- 3503511 TI - Alteration of cerebral ganglioside metabolism in developing Snell dwarf mice. AB - The ganglioside metabolism of the Snell dwarf cerebrum was examined on postnatal days 15 and 20, by monitoring the rate of incorporation of radioactivity into each ganglioside species from tritiated N-acetyl-D-mannosamine. It was found that the turnover rate of the GM3 ganglioside was reduced throughout the entire period of development, resulting in retardation of A pathway metabolism which becomes abundant during late cerebral development. In addition, the turnover rate of the GM4 species, which is considered related to myelin formation, was also found to be reduced throughout the entire period of cerebral development. PMID- 3503512 TI - Early changes of surface morphology in monolayer cultures of neural retina cells. The effect of p-bromophenacyl bromide. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of neural retina cells from fetal rats. Dissociated cells were plated on polyornithine and examined after 1.5-3.0 hr in vitro. A quantitative analysis of the proportion of cells with and without processes was made and the former were classified according to the length and number of their processes. Treatment with p bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), a selective inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), induced significant changes on the early surface activity of retinal cells. An inhibitory effect on cell process formation was observed in monolayers grown for 2 hr in the presence of BPB: process formation was also inhibited when high concentrations (10(-6) M or more) were applied as a 30 min pulse, whereas a similar pulse of a lower concentration (10(-7) M) stimulated the appearance of cells with short processes. These observations suggest that PLA2 or some other BPB-reactive substance is involved in the extension of neural cell processes. PMID- 3503513 TI - Acetylcholinesterase in neuroblastoma and neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells: cellular localization and molecular forms. AB - The cellular localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was investigated at the electron microscope (E.M.) in a neuroblastoma and neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid line, which differ for their ability to establish synaptic contacts. Only cells of the latter line show association of AChE to the plasmamembrane, while in the former the activity is mainly intracellular. Sucrose sedimentation analysis of AChE molecular forms has shown no significant differences in the distribution of the two forms, G2 and G4, between the two cell lines. On the contrary a marked difference is observed in the ability of the cell to release the enzyme in the culture medium. In fact the cells lacking AChE on their surface release in the medium a much higher proportion of their enzyme, than the cells showing AChE association to their plamamembrane. The possible role of two alternative fates for AChE, secretion or membrane insertion, in determining the observed differences of enzyme localization is discussed. PMID- 3503514 TI - Innervation is required to stabilize and amplify creatine kinase activity in regenerated extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats. AB - Neural control of creatine kinase (CK, adenosine 5'-triphosphate creatine phosphotransferase: EC 2.7.3.2) was investigated by measuring enzymatic activity and isoenzymatic representation of CK in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of adult rats during and after regeneration. Experimental models were ischemized EDLs, reversibly or permanently denervated. Results showed that, during regeneration, CK in muscle fibers was likewise modified in both reversibly and permanently denervated EDLs. After regeneration a clear dichotomy was observed between the regenerated EDLs which were innervated and recovering CK activity, and those in which innervation was prevented and were rapidly losing activity. Further to investigate the neural influence on CK turnover, merely denervated age matched EDLs were analysed and found to lose CK activity rapidly. The major conclusions are that during regeneration muscle CK is autonomously expressed, but following regeneration neural influence becomes an absolute requirement for stabilization and amplification of CK. PMID- 3503515 TI - Ontogeny of flash-evoked potentials in unanesthetized rats. AB - The effects of age and stimulation frequency (0.2/sec, 1.0/sec, 2.0/sec, or 4.0/sec) on flash-evoked potentials (FEPs) were investigated in awake, unsedated, unrestrained rats. Animals were tested daily from postnatal day (PND) 8 to PND 20, and every 3 or 4 days thereafter until PND 41. On PND 9, a single negative wave (N1a) was observed following 0.2/sec flash presentation. Animals tested on PND 10 exhibited a positive wave (P2) following the return of peak N1a to baseline. On PND 13 another negative wave (N1) appeared on the leading shoulder of peak N1a. Peak N1 became the dominant negative wave on PND 14. Peak N1a merged into N1 and had disappeared by PND 19. Peak N3 was first observed as a negative shift following peak P2 on PND 15. Peaks N2 and P3 were not observed in the group average waveforms until PND 34. Peak latencies decreased through the fifth postnatal week. Peak amplitudes increased with age until after eye opening (PND 15), but were variable thereafter. No FEPs were observed following higher than 0.2/sec flash presentation until PND 13. Increasing stimulation frequency decreased N1 and P2 peak amplitudes, but had no effect on peak latencies. PMID- 3503516 TI - Decreased density of synaptic formation in the frontal cortex of neonatal rats exposed to ethanol in utero. AB - We examined the developing synaptic junctions in the rat frontal cortex in cases of fetal alcohol syndrome, the objective being to determine the synapse-mental retardation relationship. On day 21 of gestation, the ultrastructural synaptic junction revealed no obvious differences between the ethanol-exposed and control rats; however, the number of synapses in ethanol-exposed rats was one third that of the controls. The possible relationship between synaptic density in the frontal cortex and mental development has to be considered. PMID- 3503517 TI - Characterization of an antiviral agent from primary murine fibroblast cultures: murine tissue culture CVI. AB - We have previously described a class of virus inhibitors which are produced spontaneously by many types of cells in culture and present in a number of physiological fluids. These inhibitors are differentiated from all other known naturally occurring antiviral substances in regard to their (i) lack of species specificity, (ii) broad antiviral activity (iii) absence of high affinity binding by the inhibitor to the virus, (iv) mechanism of the action of the inhibitor is through inhibition of viral attachment, and (v) extreme thermal stability. In this report, we show that this class of inhibitors can be divided into two distinct subclasses. The first category includes the inhibitor spontaneously produced by cells in culture, originally described as contact-blocking viral inhibitor (CVI), and has a polypeptide component associated with its antiviral activity. The second category includes the inhibitors detected in body fluids and tissue extracts and has no essential peptide structure. Further characterization of CVI with respect to molecular size and stability to heat and a number of chemical reagents and enzymes indicate that the antiviral activity of CVI is associated with a large molecule (90s or approximately 4 million daltons), is stable at 100(8)C, and is resistant to the action of RNase, DNase, sulfhydral reagents, protein denaturants, and extraction by organic solvents. PMID- 3503518 TI - Production of polyclonal antibodies against the 40 kDa form of human 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase. AB - A 17-aminoacid peptide corresponding to the C terminal of the smaller form of human 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase was coupled to keyole lymphet haemocyanin (KLH) and used as immunogen in rabbits. After a cycle of four immunizations two animals produced immunoglobulins able to recognize the 17-aminoacid peptide as evaluated in ELISA assays. The specific Ig were purified by an immunoadsorbent with the peptide immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B and used in Western blot employing either protein A iodinated or conjugated with peroxidase as indicator system. The results obtained using extracts from HeLa or WISH cells treated for 15 hr with HuIFN-alfa as antigen demonstrate that the anti-peptide antibodies recognize the 40 kDa form of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase enzyme complex. These antibodies therefore represent a useful tool for monitoring the induction of the above enzyme. PMID- 3503519 TI - Effects of cholesterol and alfa-2-recombinant interferon on cell growth and cell antigen production in the HT 29 cells, an established cell line of human colon adenocarcinoma. AB - HT 29 cells, an established cell line of human colon adenocarcinoma, were grown in RPMI 1640 medium without or with cholesterol at 25, 50, 100 micrograms/ml concentrations. In some experiments 100 or 200 U/ml alfa-2-A recombinant Interferon were added to the medium. Only in the case of the highest cholesterol concentration there was a reduced number of cells at confluence. Moreover, only the production of CEA increased in the presence of cholesterol. Interferon did not affect cell growth appreciably but stimulated CEA release into the medium during the first three days of culture. Morphological analysis of cells in the presence of cholesterol seems to indicate an attempt of the cells to differentiate. PMID- 3503521 TI - May hyperbaric oxygenation be useful to patients with AIDS? PMID- 3503520 TI - Effects of recombinant human interferon alpha on human megakaryocyte and fibroblast colony formation. AB - Effects of recombinant human interferon alpha (HuIFN-alpha) on human megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) and fibroblast (CFU-F) colony-forming cell growth were studied. Concentration-dependent inhibition of both CFU-MK and CFU-F by HuIFN alpha was demonstrated. Statistically significant suppression of both CFU-MK and CFU-F was seen at a HuIFN-alpha concentration of 1000 U/ml or greater. No significant difference was found between HuIFN-alpha treated cultures and controls for the distribution of CFU-MK types and for the size and cell morphology of CFU-F. When a concentration of 1000 u/ml HuIFN-alpha was added at varying time points during the marrow cultures, decreased numbers of megakaryocyte and fibroblast colonies only appeared at the early days of cultures. When bone marrow cells were incubated with HuIFN-alpha for different periods of time prior to initiation of cultures, a reduction of megakaryocyte colony formation also occurred. These studies demonstrate a suppressive effect of HuIFN-alpha on human CFU-MK and CFU-F growth. This effect seems to occur at the initial stages of CFU-MK and CFU-F development. PMID- 3503522 TI - Bioluminescent assay of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in serum. AB - An enzymatic assay of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in which the hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase reaction is coupled to the bacterial oxidoreductase-luciferase system is described. The bioluminescent assay is based on either, end-point, or on initial velocity measurements. This simple and rapid assay requires a single serum sample of 10 microliters. Its linear range covers two orders of magnitude from 10(-6) mol/l upwards. This assay is suitable for the routine determination of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in human blood with good accuracy. PMID- 3503524 TI - Systematic distribution of bioluminescence in living organisms. AB - A list of the genera of living organisms known or believed to contain luminous species is provided in the Appendix, in a systematic context. The constraints on the accuracy of such a list and some aspects of the apparent distribution of bioluminescence are discussed. PMID- 3503523 TI - Factors affecting the measurement of chemiluminescence in stimulated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Optimum conditions were established for the generation and measurement of luminol dependent chemiluminescence (CL) in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) stimulated with a variety of particulate and soluble agents. Several factors had a particular influence on the kinetics of CL stimulated by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). Two peaks, both azide-sensitive, were observed at 21 degrees C and 25 degrees C, but these increased in magnitude and merged to give a single, early peak when the temperature was increased at 37 degrees C. Pre-exposure of PMNL to a buffer containing calcium was essential for the expression of both phases of fMLP stimulated CL, while the second peak decreased dramatically if the cells were stored at 4 degrees C for 4 hours before assay. In contrast, storage of PMNL at 4 degrees C for up to 8 hours in a buffer without divalent cations did not alter the kinetics or magnitude of CL induced by other stimuli, and had the benefit of minimizing the rate of cell aggregation. This study confirms that measurement of luminol-dependent CL in stimulated PMNL is a useful analytical tool, but shows that careful attention to experimental design is required to ensure that the observed CL provides a true measure of the parameter under investigation. PMID- 3503525 TI - Luminol dependent chemiluminescence and thiol group oxidation provoked by neutrophils is attributable to different oxidizing species. AB - Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and thiol group oxidation of glutathione and human serum albumin were measured in order to demonstrate whether the inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence by albumin was attributable to thiol group oxidation. We have shown that: 1. thiol groups on glutathione and albumin are oxidized by PMNL stimulated by soluble and phagocytic stimuli; 2. thiol group oxidation in albumin and glutathione did not correlate with the inhibitory effects of these substances on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence with respect to time course, magnitude, effects of known scavengers or extracellular activity. It was therefore concluded that thiol group oxidation was not the cause of albumin inhibition of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence; 3. a metastable oxidant was identified after PMNL activation which was capable of oxidizing thiol groups but unable to elicit chemiluminescence from luminol. PMID- 3503526 TI - A portable silicon photodiode luminometer. AB - A simple, inexpensive, battery-powered, portable luminometer which is based on a silicon photodiode is described. The instrument is intended to measure the light produced by chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions. The device shows a good detection limit and, in a bioluminescent reaction for adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP), detected 0.5 pmol in 1 ml of aqueous solution. The instrument measures irradiance from 10(-13) to 10(-11) W cm-2 at the sensor, within the range 300 to 900 nm. PMID- 3503527 TI - Lampteromyces bioluminescence--1. Identification of riboflavin as the light emitter in the mushroom L. japonicus. AB - The bioluminescence of the luminous mushroom, Lampteromyces japonicus, was studied by using the mushroom gills and also the luminous mycelia, the latter being cultured from the isolated spores and grown in a potato sucrose medium. The luminescence intensity of the mushroom gills and the cultured mycelia was measured in an aqueous suspension under various conditions. The original intensity was enhanced by exposing the luminous cells to oxygen for several hours or to acids or bases for a short period. This enhancement enabled measurement of their bioluminescence spectra which were identical to the fluorescence spectrum of riboflavin, having a maximum at 524 nm. The green fluorescent substance was extracted with cold water from the mushroom and it was identified as riboflavin by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. Riboflavin was concluded to be the light emitter of this mushroom. PMID- 3503528 TI - Synthesis and chemiluminescence of copolymers of 5-amino-8-vinyl-phthalazine 1,4(2H,3H)-dione with methyl methacrylate or styrene, and of alpha, omega-bis[5 amino-phthalazine-1,4(2H,3H)-dion-]8-yl alkanes [= alpha, omega-bis(6-luminyl) alkanes]: investigations on an intramolecular 'distance effect'. AB - Oligomers of 5-amino-8-vinyl-phthalazine-1,4(2H,3H)-dione exhibit about 0.05% of the chemiluminescence quantum yield of the corresponding 'monomer unit', i.e. 5 amino-8-ethyl-phthalazine-1,4(2H,3H)-dione which has a similar quantum yield to luminol. The quantum yields of copolymers of 5-amino-8-vinyl-phthalazine 1,4(2H,3H)-dione (1a) with methyl methacrylate or with styrene increase up to 1000-fold, relative to the quantum yield of oligomers of (1a). Thus the monomer units of methyl methacrylate or styrene appear to act as 'spacers' between the lumigenic groups. alpha, omega-Bis[(5-amino-phthalazine-1,4(2H,3H)-dion-)8-yl] alkanes show an analogue 'distance' effect: the chemiluminescence quantum yield increases with increasing alkane chain length. As the fluorescence of the corresponding amino phthalates (which are intermediates in the synthesis of the phthalazine diones) is only slightly influenced by the distance between the lumigenic groups it is suggested that a mainly chemical 'distance effect' is working here: the smaller the intramolecular distance between the hydrazide groups the more inhibition exists in respect of the oxidative reaction producing the luminol-type chemiluminescence. PMID- 3503529 TI - A simple method for correlative light and scanning electron microscopy of human iliac crest bone biopsies: qualitative observations in normal and osteoporotic subjects. AB - Despite the fact that the scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers a number of unique advantages for the investigation of bone structure, this instrument has seldom been applied in studies of the iliac crest bone biopsy. Here we describe a very simple method of preparing iliac crest biopsies for examination in the SEM after the routine histomorphometric analysis has been performed. With observations on biopsies from normal subjects and patients with osteoporosis, the paper illustrates the potential of the method for performing correlative light and scanning electron microscopical studies and for gaining new information on the three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone. PMID- 3503530 TI - The fate of research grant applications on bone and mineral metabolism at the National Institutes of Health. PMID- 3503531 TI - Renal adaptation to phosphorus deprivation: characterization of early events. AB - Renal adaptation to low dietary phosphorus (P) can occur within 4 h. To characterize events preceding adaptation, rats were gavaged with 0.6% P (+P) or 0.03% P (-P) diet and killed 1, 2, or 4 h later. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared and Na-dependent phosphate (Pi), glucose, and 1-proline transport were measured. In intact rats, 1 h after gavage, serum P in +P was 8.0 +/- 0.5 and in -P, 6.1 +/- 0.4 mg/dl, p less than 0.01. One and 2 h after gavage, Pi uptake was similar between groups; at 4 h, 0.25 min Pi uptake was increased by 59.3% +/- 14.8 in -P, p less than 0.02, n = 11. In thyroparathyroidectomized rats, Pi uptake increased in -P by 40.1% +/- 7.4 compared to +P at 2.5 h after gavage, and by 51.3 +/- 9.3 at 4 h, p less than 0.025, n = 11. When actinomycin D or cycloheximide were administered both 16 h prior to and at gavage, 0.25 min Pi uptake 4 h after gavage was 59.1% +/- 14 and 60.6% +/- 19 higher in -P than +P, respectively, p less than 0.025. The adaptation was detected only when measured with an inward-directed Na-gradient. Na-dependent glucose and proline uptakes were not changed by -P diet. These studies demonstrate that early renal adaptation to low dietary P is preceded by a fall in serum P, is independent of parathyroid hormone, and does not require protein synthesis. Early adaptation may represent an increased rate of carrier movement or a change in availability of already synthesized carrier. The signal for adaptation may be the decrease in serum P, or filtered load of phosphorus. PMID- 3503532 TI - Enhancement of parathyroid hormone-responsive renal cortical adenylate cyclase activity by a cytosol protein activator from rat reticulocytes. AB - The effects of the cytosol activator protein obtained from rat reticulocytes (RCAP) were investigated in a heterologous membrane system--partially purified cell membranes from dog renal cortex. RCAP enhanced the response of dog renal cortical adenylate cyclase to bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34) [bPTH (1-34)] from two- to three-fold. RCAP also enhanced the response to 5 microM arginine vasopressin, 10 microM glucagon, and 10 microM isoproterenol. Analysis of double reciprocal plots of substrate concentration and enzyme activity indicated that bPTH (1-34) alone and together with RCAP increased the Vmax of the adenylate cyclase enzyme and did not alter the apparent Km of the enzyme for MgATP. Membranes from dog renal cortex contain 42K and 39K proteins that are ADP ribosylated by cholera toxin and pertussis toxin, respectively, and appear to be the stimulatory (Ns) and inhibitory (Ni) guanine nucleotide binding proteins described in many other hormone-responsive membrane preparations. Similar to its effects in rat reticulocytes, RCAP inhibited ADP-ribosylation of Ns and enhanced ADP-ribosylation of Ni. The muscarinic agonist, carbachol, inhibited PTH responsive adenylate cyclase activity in dog renal cortical membranes and this inhibition was reversed by RCAP. These results indicate that RCAP enhances stimulation of adenylate cyclase by a variety of hormones in a heterologous membrane preparation and supports the hypothesis that RCAP's site of action is common to all adenylate cyclase systems. RCAP may facilitate coupling between Ns and the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase by a pertussis toxin-like effect to inactivate Ni. The dual effects of RCAP upon ADP-ribosylation of Ni and Ns alpha subunits suggest that a binding site for RCAP may exist at a site of homology between Ns alpha and Ni alpha. PMID- 3503533 TI - Giant cell formation in rabbit long-term bone marrow cultures: immunological and functional studies. AB - A method for the long-term culture of rabbit newborn bone marrow has been developed. It is characterized by the rapid appearance of an adherent, adipocyte containing stromal layer, proliferation of mature myeloid cells, and the formation of numerous, large multinucleate giant cells. By the combined use of morphological, immunological, and functional criteria these giant cells have been characterized as macrophage polykaryons and not osteoclastic giant cells. We conclude that long-term bone marrow culture in the rabbit favors the proliferation, maturation, and fusion of macrophage, but not osteoclast, precursors--new experimental models will have to be developed to enable the developmental biology of osteoclasts to be studied in the rabbit. PMID- 3503534 TI - Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin modify inositol phospholipid metabolism in fetal rat limb bones. AB - Inositol-containing phospholipids are believed to be intimately involved in the first steps of cellular signalling by certain hormones and neurotransmitters. We examined whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT), two hormones that affect bone physiology, would elicit changes in inositol-phospholipid metabolism in cultured bone. [3H]inositol readily entered into the tissue phospholipid pool in fetal rat limb bones, and incorporated into phosphatidylinositol (92.9%), phosphatidylinositol-4-P (4.5%), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-P2 (2.6%). PTH enhanced the incorporation of inositol into PtdIns in limb bones following 2- or 24-h hormone treatments. The effect of PTH was dose dependent (EC50 of 0.3-0.4 nM) and occurred in a concentration range similar to that for hormone-stimulated bone resorption. In contrast, 24-h treatment with CT-inhibited inositol incorporation, also in a dose-dependent manner. Two-hour CT treatment had variable effects on labeling. CT inhibited the stimulatory effect of PTH at both 2 and 24 h. The effects induced by PTH and CT were specific for PtdIns and were independent of the [3H]inositol pool size. These results indicate that inositol phospholipid turnover can be modified during the action of these hormones on bone tissue. Although the time course of hormone-stimulated inositol incorporation observed here is slower than that found in other tissues, the change in phosphatidylinositol metabolism could mediate delayed effects of PTH or CT. Alternatively, alterations induced by PTH and CT in bone cell membranes, cell populations, or in the mineralized matrix could conceivably result in secondary changes in phosphatidylinositol metabolism. PMID- 3503535 TI - Evidence that obesity does not influence the vitamin D-endocrine system in blacks. AB - As compared to nonobese white men and women, age-matched nonobese black subjects and obese white individuals show alterations in the vitamin D-endocrine system that are characterized by increases in mean serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], and urinary cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) and by decreases in mean serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) and in urinary calcium. Thus, both groups show secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D. In view of these findings, studies were conducted in 10 obese black subjects (3 men and 7 women) and in 12 nonobese black individuals (7 men and 5 women), ranging in age from 20 to 35 yr, to determine whether obesity influences the vitamin D-endocrine system in blacks. Body weight averaged 99 +/- 4 kg in the obese and 73 +/- 3 kg in the nonobese subjects (p less than .001). All of them were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were given a constant daily diet containing 400 mg of calcium, 900 mg of phosphorus, 110 meq of sodium, 65 meq of potassium, and 18 meq of magnesium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503536 TI - Effects of age and estrogen on calcium absorption in the rat. AB - In order to differentiate the relative effects of age and estrogen on rates of calcium absorption and serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, the effect of oophorectomy with and without estrogen replacement (2 weeks) was studied in rats for 30- or 120-day periods. Whereas oophorectomy for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in serum calcium and an increase in serum phosphate, no change in either calcium or phosphate was observed in the 120-day oophorectomized animals. iPTH decreased in both the 30- and 120-day oophorectomized animals although these changes were not significant at the .05 level. Whereas no significant change in basal circulating calcitonin occurred in the 30-day oophorectomized rats, it decreased significantly in the older animals following the ablative procedure. Forty-five days following estrogen deprivation, calcitonin release to a calcium secretagogue was significantly blunted. Intestinal calcium absorption decreased with age, and unlike the increments in calcium absorption observed in the younger estrogen-repleted, 30-day oophorectomized rat, no change in calcium absorption was observed when estrogens were administered to the older, 120-day oophorectomized rat. The accumulated data suggest that the effects of estrogen loss on the hormonal control of bone metabolism and calcium absorption are age dependent, and that estrogen contributes significantly to changes in calcium homeostasis observed in the maturing rat. PMID- 3503537 TI - Skeletal response to dietary calcium in a rat model simulating weightlessness. AB - Unweighting the hindlimbs of a rat by tail suspension leads to a decrease in bone in the unweighted hindlimbs, but not in the normally weighted forelimbs. We evaluated whether increments in dietary calcium could prevent this. Growing rats were fed diets ranging in calcium content from 0.1% to 2.4%. After the rats were suspended for two weeks, we found no differences between suspended and control animals fed the same diet with respect to calcium transport or serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. In both groups, increasing dietary calcium reduced active intestinal calcium transport and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. The calcium content of the tibia and lumbar vertebra (but not the humerus) was reduced in suspended rats compared to control rats fed the same diet. However, increasing dietary calcium increased the calcium content of all bones in both suspended and control animals. The bone formation rate at the tibiofibular junction (measured by double-label tetracycline) was reduced in the suspended animals compared to controls and was not altered by dietary calcium. However, the marrow area of the tibia, an indication of bone resorption, did not differ between suspended and control animals and was equally reduced in both groups when dietary calcium was increased. Our data suggest that the deleterious effects of skeletal unweighting on bone formation cannot be explained by changes in the calciotropic hormones and are not reversed by increments in dietary calcium. However, increasing dietary calcium can increase bone calcium, even in unweighted limbs, by decreasing bone resorption. PMID- 3503538 TI - Reduced bone mass in calcitonin-deficient rats whether lactating or not. AB - Calcitonin deficiency was produced in lactating and age-matched nonmated rats by thyroidectomy (TX) after transplantation of the parathyroid glands to a thigh muscle. At the end of lactation and a comparable period in the nonlactating rats, this condition resulted in femurs, vertebrae, and tibiae that weighed less than those in the thyroid-intact controls. Furthermore, the femurs of the CT-deficient rats were narrower at midshaft and shorter, indicating reduced bone growth. The reduction in bone mass in CT-deficient rats, although highly significant, was much smaller than that caused by lactation. Adequate thyroid hormone replacement therapy was provided by giving all the TX rats L-thyroxine (T4) sc or in the drinking water. The body weights of the lactating rats were heavier than those of their nonmated controls but TX had no significant effect on the mean body weight of either group. The previously observed lower concentration of serum calcium in lactating rats than in nonlactating thyroid-intact rats was also seen in TX rats, indicating that CT is not responsible for the relatively low serum calcium during lactation. Our results showing that the bones of TX rats (with T4 replacement) were smaller and lighter than those from thyroid-intact controls whether lactating or not do not support the concept that CT has a special physiological function to protect the skeleton during lactation. PMID- 3503539 TI - The effect of ipriflavone (TC-80) on bone resorption in tissue culture. AB - The fetal long bone culture system developed by Raisz for the assessment of bone resorption was modified to improve the sensitivity, by using radii and ulnae separately, based on the observation of the consistently higher release of 45Ca from the radii than ulnae. Effects of ipriflavone (TC-80), an isoflavonoid derivative currently under clinical trial for its effect on osteoporosis, on bone resorption were examined in this new system. Ipriflavone and its metabolites (5 out of 6) at 10 micrograms/ml or more inhibited basal 45Ca release from bones. The inhibitory effects were still demonstrated in the presence of submaximal concentration of parathyroid hormone (12.5 ng/ml). The effect of ipriflavone on bone resorption was apparently not due to its toxicity on bone cells, since the inhibition was reversible. PMID- 3503540 TI - Abnormal calcium metabolism caused by increased circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A 35-year-old white male with rheumatoid arthritis who had developed hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrolithiasis was found to be abnormally sensitive to vitamin D as a result of lack of regulation of circulating 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D). An increase in daily intake of vitamin D from 10 micrograms (400 units) per day to 50 micrograms (2000 units) per day produced an abnormal elevation in serum 1,25-(OH)2D, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria which were corrected by prednisone. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D initially was abnormally low, and increased with vitamin D to values which were in the low normal range. There were significant positive correlations between serum 1,25 (OH)2D (p less than .05) and serum calcium and between serum 1,25-(OH)2D and urinary calcium (p less than .05). Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, initially in the lower range of normal, decreased further during hypercalcemia. A radiograph of the chest, gallium scan, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity were normal. No granulomas or evidence of lymphoma were found in biopsies of the liver and of several lymph nodes. It is concluded that the abnormal calcium metabolism in this patient resulted from increased circulating 1,25-(OH)2D and that the defect in vitamin D metabolism was not related to sarcoidosis, other granulomatous disease, Hodgkin's disease, or lymphoma. The relationship, if any, of the abnormal metabolism of vitamin D and calcium to rheumatoid arthritis remains to be established. PMID- 3503541 TI - Prostaglandins change cell shape and increase intercellular gap junctions in osteoblasts cultured from rat fetal calvaria. AB - Mounting experimental evidence indicates that osteoblasts may be cellular intermediaries in the local activation of bone remodeling. To elucidate the role of these cells in activation, we examined the effects of prostaglandins (PGs), known resorption stimulators, on cell shape and intercellular junctional relationships in osteoblasts cultured from rat fetal calvaria. Exposure to PGE2 and PGE1, promoters of bone resorption, rapidly (within 20 min) converted the osteoblasts from a flattened to a stellate shape (shape change), and markedly increased the appearance of intercellular (gap) junctions within 10 min. Both effects were directly related to the prostaglandin concentration, as little as 1 nM being effective. PGE1, but not PGB1, PGF1 alpha, PGD2, and PGF2 alpha, mimicked the substantial effect of PGE2 on shape change. Shape change and gap junction formation appear to arise independently. PTH, an inducer of shape change, did not affect the number of gap junctions appreciably. Colchicine, a microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin action, blunted PGE2-mediated shape change but not the effect of PGE2 on gap junctions. Shape change and gap junction formation may be important events in local activation, shape changes in surface osteoblasts serving to expose bone surfaces which are chemotactic for osteoclasts and gap junctions propagating locally initiated activation messages. PMID- 3503542 TI - Differential effect of caffeine administration on calcium and vitamin D metabolism in young and adult rats. AB - Since coffee drinking may lead to a worsening of calcium balance in humans, we studied the serial changes of serum calcium, PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and calcium balance in young and adult rats after daily administration of caffeine for 4 weeks. In the young rats, there was an increase in urinary calcium and endogenous fecal calcium excretion after four days of caffeine administration that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Serum calcium decreased on the fourth day of caffeine administration and then returned to control levels. In contrast, the serum PTH and 1,25(OH)2D remained unchanged initially, but increased after 2 weeks of caffeine administration. The intestinal absorption coefficient of calcium remained unchanged, instead of declining gradually as observed in the young control group. This finding suggests that the intestinal absorption of calcium was stimulated by the increase in 1,25(OH)2D production after chronic administration of caffeine. In the adult rat group, an increase in the urinary calcium and endogenous fecal calcium excretion and serum levels of PTH was found after caffeine administration. However, the serum 1,25(OH)2D levels and intestinal absorption coefficient of calcium remained the same as in the adult control group. A decrease in the net balance of calcium occurred as a result of increased calcium excretion. The current study, using an animal model, supports the suggestion that chronic administration of caffeine could lead to negative calcium balance when there is an impaired ability to increase the efficiency of calcium absorption. Such a situation exists in elderly human subjects, since they have a reduced capacity to synthesize 1,25(OH)2D. PMID- 3503543 TI - Characteristics of parathyroid hormone-specific cyclic changes of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the distal convoluted tubule of the guinea pig. AB - The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the time course of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in the distal convoluted tubule of a vitamin D depleted guinea pig was determined using quantitative cytochemistry. G6PD activity decreased to the stable basal level 5 hrs after the initiation of the kidney segment maintenance cultures. The exposure of the tissues to 1 pg/ml of bovine PTH-(1-84) induced a cyclic change of G6PD activity, whereas neither carboxyl-terminal PTH nor other hormones tested showed such activity. After a 16 min exposure to bovine PTH-(1-84), the peak height of each cycle began to decrease until it disappeared at 34 min. The second exposure to this hormone at 46 min reinduced a similar cyclic change with a similar peak, indicating full viability of the cells. When bovine PTH-(1-84) was incubated with an excess amount of anti-bovine PTH antibody, the PTH-induced G6PD activity was completely abolished. Throughout a 14-min exposure to either human PTH-(1-84), human PTH-(1 34) or bovine PTH-(1-84), similar cyclic changes were observed with the constant peak height regardless of the dose (10(-16)-10(-12) M), although the cycle length shortened progressively as the dose was increased. They were equipotent on a molar basis between the concentrations of 10(-16) and 10(-13) M at 6 min of hormone exposure. The present data demonstrate that the cytochemical bioassay of PTH in a vitamin D-depleted animal is based on a dose-dependent difference in the time course of G6PD activity. PMID- 3503544 TI - Cyclosporine A inhibits calcemic hormone-induced bone resorption in vitro. AB - We have investigated the in vitro effects of cyclosporine (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive agent, on bone resorption induced by calcemic hormones. CsA inhibited parathyroid hormone (PTH), prostaglandin E2, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and osteoclast-activating factor induced resorption of fetal rat limb bones in a dose-dependent manner. Established ongoing resorptive activity in bone was also inhibited by CsA. The CsA inhibition of bone resorption could be partially surmounted by higher concentrations of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. The inhibitory effects of CsA on limb bone resorption were reversible. Neither protein nor DNA synthesis were inhibited by treatment of limb bones with CsA. Thus, the inhibitory effect of this agent on bone resorption is not a cytotoxic one. These data could suggest that the induction of bone resorption by the calcemic hormones involves an immune cell derived mediator such as a lymphokine. PMID- 3503545 TI - Vitamin D status and brush border membrane vesicles: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced destabilization. AB - Purified chick duodenal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were used to assess the effect of vitamin D on intestinal Ca2+ transport and membrane stability. BBMV preparations are right-side-out as judged by a nine-fold increase in accessibility of lactoperoxidase to core material actin in the presence of Triton X-100. Freshly prepared BBMV from vitamin D-deficient chicks support both sodium dependent glucose transport and Ca2+ uptake. In vivo treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 results in an 85% increase in the Vmax of Ca2+-uptake from 2.2 to 3.9 nmol/min/mg protein. The Km of Ca2+-uptake (0.9 mM) is independent of the vitamin D status of the chick. The majority of BBMV derived from vitamin D-replete chicks were destabilized and rendered incapable of supporting either sodium-dependent glucose uptake or Ca2+ uptake if they were held at 0-4 degrees C for 2 to 24 h. In 40 separate experiments, 80% of membranes derived from vitamin D-replete chicks showed characteristics of destabilization, whereas only 24% of all control membranes exhibited a lack of viability. PMID- 3503546 TI - Comparison of multinucleated cells elicited in rats by particulate bone, polyethylene, or polymethylmethacrylate. AB - Osteoclasts, the multinucleated resorbing cells of bone, are identified by their characteristic morphology, unique cell membrane specializations, and more recently by the presence of cell surface antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies. They are derived from mononuclear precursor cells of hematogenous origin. The precise relationship between osteoclasts and other types of tissue giant cells is unknown. This study was designed to examine factors involved in the recruitment and differentiation of multinucleated cells and to investigate the relationship between so-called foreign body giant cells and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Particles of various materials were implanted into subcutaneous pockets in rats. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic evaluations were made of specimens harvested 12 days after implantation. Large, foamy multinucleated cells were evident around particles of devitalized bone, polyethylene, and polymethylmethacrylate. Bone particles showed scalloped surfaces and were partially resorbed. Those cells adjacent to the bone particles stained positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, in contrast to the multinucleated cells adjacent to the other materials. All the cell types had extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, abundant mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuoles and dense bodies, giant centrospheres, and areas of fusion of plasma membranes. Cells in lacunae on the surface of the bone particles showed a clear zone of attachment to the bone substrate and ruffled borders, a feature characteristic of in osso osteoclasts. Although the giant cells occasionally displayed an extensive clear zone of attachment to the polyethylene and polymethylmethacrylate particles, no ruffled borders were detected. The results of these studies show that the multinucleated cells elicited in response to different materials, although sharing many common features, do demonstrate certain features that are substrate specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503547 TI - Secretion and metabolism of monomeric human calcitonin: effects of age, sex, and thyroid damage. AB - Some data suggest that human calcitonin (CT) secretion is lower in women than in men, decreases with age and the menopause, and is absent in thyroidectomized persons. To further explore CT secretory physiology, we have studied basal and calcium-stimulated plasma immunoreactive CT (iCT) and silica-extractable monomeric CT concentrations in 148 healthy volunteers and 33 patients with a history of thyroid damage (total or subtotal thyroidectomy, radioiodine treatment for thyrotoxicosis). Both whole-plasma iCT and extractable CT levels were lower basally and after calcium infusion in women than in men, basal levels being reduced about 50% and calcium-stimulated values about 75% from those of male subjects. There were no significant changes in basal iCT or extractable CT concentrations with age, and CT secretory capacity (CT response to calcium infusion) likewise did not change with age. Infusion of monomeric CT to constant concentration in 27 persons permitted estimates of CT metabolic clearance rates (MCRs) and secretion rates (SRs). Calculated MCRs of about 9 ml/min.kg-1 (persons aged 21-30 yr) and 6 ml/min.kg-1 (persons aged 54-70 yr) were in good agreement with published data, and did not differ between the sexes. SRs were dependent upon the assay method used to estimate basal plasma CT concentrations, being highest when whole-plasma iCT values were used. Based on estimates of plasma monomeric CT from the silica extraction procedure, the SR of CT was 59 +/- 6 (SE) ng/d.kg-1 in men, and 22 +/- 3 ng/d.kg-1 in women. Thyroid damage reduced, but did not abolish, apparent CT immunoreactivity, even in silica extracts of plasma. However, all subsets of thyroid-damaged patients had absent-to-markedly-impaired CT secretion in response to calcium infusion. We conclude that CT secretion is substantially lower both basally and after stimulation in women than in men, and that this difference in CT immunoreactivity probably reflects differences in circulating CT bioactivity. The sex difference in plasma CT concentrations probably results from lower rates of CT secretion in women, not increased MCR. There is no age-related decrease of plasma CT concentrations (or CT secretory reserve), calling into question the concept that a progressive deficiency of CT is partly responsible for age-related ("senile") osteoporosis. Surgical or radiation damage to the thyroid gland commonly abolishes C-cell response to calcium; such CT-deficient patients form a population suitable for determining whether or not reduced CT secretion can impair skeletal homeostasis. PMID- 3503548 TI - Cytochemical bioassay of circulating concentrations of rat parathyroid hormone: application to a study of age and sex. AB - We have found that the cytochemical bioassay (CBA) method, originally developed to measure circulating levels of biologically active parathyroid hormone (bioPTH) in humans, also can measure endogenous concentrations of PTH in rats. Therefore, we have applied this assay method to examine the relationships between age and sex and the circulating levels of bioPTH, calcium, and phosphorus in Fischer rats. The concentration of bioPTH increased in both males and females from 5 to 15 months of age (p less than .001) with no significant sex-related difference. Mean bioPTH values ranged from 2.3 to 3.6 pg (human PTH equivalents)/ml; these values were much lower (1 to 2 orders-of-magnitude) than those reported by others who used radioimmunoassays for PTH that do not discriminate between biologically active and inert PTH fragments. The CBA values for bioPTH were also 1/4-1/5 those obtained in rat serum by newer, more sensitive methods, the N-terminal specific PTH radioimmunoassay and the bioassay based on stimulation of chick renal adenylate cyclase. Regression analysis did not reveal any significant correlation between serum calcium and age. However, serum inorganic phosphorus decreased significantly (p less than .001) from 5 to 15 months of age in both male and female rats and was much lower in females than in males (p less than .001). The fall in serum phosphorus was negatively correlated with the rise in bioPTH (p less than .001). This study, the first to our knowledge to use a CBA to detect physiological changes in the circulating levels of bioPTH in rats, demonstrates the usefulness of the assay in experiments in this species. PMID- 3503549 TI - Effects of retinoic acid on the activation and fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages induced by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] directly induces both fusion and cytotoxicity in murine alveolar macrophages. Unlike 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, retinoic acid per se did not induce fusion of alveolar macrophages, but it greatly enhanced the 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced fusion every time the macrophages were treated simultaneously with the two vitamins. The giant cells induced by the two vitamins were much larger than those induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 alone. The macrophages treated with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 started to fuse 36 h after the addition of the vitamin, whereas the macrophages pretreated with retinoic acid for 24 h began to fuse immediately after 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was added. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid activated alveolar macrophages similarly, measured by the enhancement of glucose consumption and the induction of cytotoxicity against tumor cells, though 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 was 100 times more potent than retinoic acid on a molar basis. Simultaneous treatment with physiological concentrations of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (0.12 nM) and retinoic acid (10 nM) induced cytotoxicity additively. Morphological examinations revealed that the treated cells were enlarged and flattened with numerous filopodia. These results clearly indicate that both 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid similarly activate alveolar macrophages, and the activated state is prerequisite to the fusion of macrophages induced by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 3503550 TI - Limitations of forearm bone densitometry as an index of vertebral or femoral neck osteopenia. AB - Osteoporosis of the spine and femoral neck is a major problem in aging populations, but detection prior to a fracture remains a challenge. Forearm bone mineral content has been advocated as a useful screening test in this situation. We have examined the correlation between distal forearm bone mineral content, by single photon absorptiometry, and lumbar vertebral and femoral neck bone mineral density, by dual photon absorptiometry. Eighty women aged 20 to 76 years were studied and significant correlations (p less than .001) were found between the measurements on the forearm and at the two axial sites (r = 0.66 and 0.69, respectively). However, forearm bone mineral content was an unreliable predictor of axial bone mineral density. For prediction of lumbar spine osteopenia with a sensitivity of 88%, the false positive rate was 91%. Conversely, to achieve a specificity of 82%, the false negative rate was 65%. Similarly, for prediction of femoral neck osteopenia at a sensitivity of 92%, the false positive rate was 87%, and at a specificity of 90%, the false negative rate was 33%. These data demonstrate that forearm bone densitometry cannot be used as a screening procedure for osteopenia of the lumbar spine or femoral neck. PMID- 3503551 TI - Restoration of spinal bone in osteoporotic men by treatment with human parathyroid hormone (1-34) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. AB - Daily subcutaneous injection of a synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment, combined with daily ingestion of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, significantly increased trabecular bone density in the spine (p less than .01), and improved intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption and total body retention of dietary calcium and phosphorus in middle-aged men with idiopathic osteoporosis. The increases in spinal bone mineral were marked and progressive during a year of treatment. These results indicate that increasing intestinal absorption of dietary calcium while simultaneously stimulating new bone formation with small doses of parathyroid hormone can restore spinal bone in osteoporotic men. PMID- 3503553 TI - Aluminum-associated bone disease: what's in a name? PMID- 3503552 TI - The effect of oral phosphate administration on major indices of skeletal metabolism in normal subjects. AB - The effect of brief periods of phosphate administration on indices of human skeletal metabolism was investigated. Thirteen subjects (8 women, 5 men; 19-36 years old) received 2 g of oral phosphate daily for 5 days. Serum phosphorus rose 26% (3.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dl to 4.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; p less than .01) while total calcium fell (9.3 +/- 0.1 mg/dl to 8.9 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; p less than .01). Parathyroid hormone levels increased by 50% (14.1 +/- 2.0 pg/ml to 21.5 +/- 1.7 pg/ml; p less than .05) although values remained within the normal range. A persistent phosphaturia (0.64 +/- 0.10 g/g Cr to 1.8 +/- 0.4 g/g Cr; p less than .05) and a 69% fall in urinary calcium (80.8 +/- 10.0 mg/g Cr to 24.6 +/- 6.0 mg/g Cr; p less than .001) were observed. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and urinary hydroxyproline concentrations did not change significantly but the bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGP) concentration rose 41% by day 2 (9.6 +/- 1.3 mg/ml to 13.5 +/- 2.2 mg/ml; p less than .005) and remained elevated throughout the study period. These results support the possibility that brief periods of phosphate administration may be useful in the therapy of disorders associated with low bone turnover, such as osteoporosis. PMID- 3503554 TI - Aluminum-associated bone disease in chronic renal failure: high prevalence in a long-term dialysis population. AB - Twenty-seven asymptomatic patients treated with hemodialysis longer than 8 years (mean 12.9 +/- 3.1 years) underwent bone biopsy to determine the prevalence of aluminum-associated bone disease. None had excess aluminum exposure from the dialysate. Ten patients (37%) had aluminum-associated bone disease as defined by a bone formation rate (BFR) below normal in the presence of stainable bone aluminum that covered more than 25% of the trabecular surface. The predominant type of bone histology in this group was the aplastic lesion characterized by low bone turnover, a decreased number of osteoblasts, and lack of excess unmineralized osteoid. Osteoblastic osteoid was highly correlated with stainable surface bone aluminum (r = -.82, p less than .001). Among the dynamic bone parameters, the double-tetracycline labeled surface was a more sensitive indicator of impaired bone function than was the bone apposition rate (BAR), since half of the patients with aluminum-associated bone disease had a normal BAR. In all of the biopsies the extent of double-labeled surfaces was inversely proportional to the amount of stainable aluminum on the bone surface (r = -.71, p less than .001), whereas stainable bone aluminum did not correlate with BAR. In seven of the patients with aluminum-associated bone disease, amino-terminal PTH levels were in the normal range while only one patient had a normal plasma mid region PTH. PTH correlated directly with osteoblastic osteoid, BFR, and double labeled surfaces. These results indicate that long-term oral aluminum intake in hemodialysis patients results in a high prevalence of aluminum-associated bone disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503556 TI - In vivo hydroxyapatite formation induced by lipids. AB - Proteolipids and complexed acidic phospholipids that cause in vitro hydroxyapatite formation, similarly cause hydroxyapatite deposition in 10-mu pore Millipore chambers when implanted in rabbit muscle pouches. The amount of mineral deposited during a 3-week period, based on the calcium and phosphate contents of the chambers, was directly related to the dry weight of the lipid implanted in the chamber. Chambers containing total lipid extract from rabbit bone from which the complexed acidic phospholipids had been removed, acidic phospholipids from which the the proteolipids had been removed, and empty chambers did not accumulate any detectable mineral during the course of the study. Chambers implanted with synthetic hydroxyapatite served as controls for chemical analyses. The presence of hydroxyapatite in the chambers was established 3 weeks after implantation based on electron microscopic, compositional, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses of the deposits. In the cell-free chambers, lipid-induced hydroxyapatite deposition, but not bone matrix formation occurred. This study demonstrates that proteolipids and complexed acidic phospholipids can cause hydroxyapatite mineral deposition in a physiologic environment. To date, these lipids are the only materials isolated from mineralizing tissues, other than reconstituted collagen, that have been shown capable of causing in vivo mineralization in the absence of cells. PMID- 3503555 TI - The effects of immobilization on bone histomorphometry in rats. AB - To determine whether immobilization acts directly on bone by alteration of mechanical loading or systemically, studies of the effects of immobilization were carried out on histomorphometry of diaphyses of tibiae and on subcutaneous implants of demineralized allogenic bone matrix of rats. The right hind leg of growing rats was denervated by severing the tibial nerve. A sham operation on the right hind leg was performed in control animals. Bone formation at the endosteal and periosteal surfaces was significantly lower in tibiae from limbs with severed nerves as compared to tibiae from the intact limbs of nerve-sectioned rats and from both limbs of sham-operated control rats. Bone formation was decreased at both 3 and 7 weeks after immobilization. The decreased formation resulted in significant reductions in cross-sectional area. At 3 weeks post denervation, the periosteal bone formation rate was lower in tibiae of intact limbs from denervated rats as compared to tibiae from intact limbs of sham-operated animals. This finding was attributed to reduced physical activity of the denervated rats. In the implants, nerve section did not alter the amount of implant matrix resorbed, the amount of bone matrix synthesized, or the amount of calcium in the implant. These findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of bone formation at the tibial diaphysis in response to immobilization resulted from altered mechanical loading and not from the production of substances acting systemically. Whereas the mean medullary area of tibiae was not altered by nerve section, it was decreased in tibiae of all groups compared to the values of basal controls, indicating that bone formation was greater than bone resorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503557 TI - The solid, calcium-phosphate mineral phases in embryonic chick bone characterized by high-voltage electron diffraction. AB - The solid mineral phases of calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) in the long bones from embryonic chicks between the ages of 9 and 13 days have been examined by high voltage (1.0 MV) electron microscopy and electron microdiffraction. The study was undertaken to identify the chemical and crystallographic nature of the inorganic mineral phase(s) prepared under conditions which significantly reduce artifacts of specimen preparation and microscopic examination of the tissues. Electron microdiffraction patterns of solid mineral phase particles in the osteoid matrices of the subperiosteal region of tibiae were principally those of poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. In rare instances (less than 1% of the estimated volume of the mineral phase present in the zone of early mineralization), relatively large single crystals were observed within clusters of hydroxyapatite. From calculations of both interplanar spacings and measurements of angular displacement of diffraction reflections from single crystal microdiffraction patterns, two distinct phases other than hydroxyapatite were identified: brushite and beta-tricalcium phosphate. A third phase, resembling an apatite, remains unidentified. The results suggest that very small amounts of nonapatitic phases of Ca-P exist in chicken bone tissue. No temporal relationship could be established between the nonapatitic and apatitic phases. There is at present no evidence from this study to support the concept that nonapatitic phases are precursors of a final apatitic phase in bone. PMID- 3503558 TI - Redox studies of the epiphyseal growth cartilage: pyridine nucleotide metabolism and the development of mineralization. AB - The objective of this investigation was to examine the redox status of chondrocytes in normal and rachitic growth cartilages and to relate energy metabolism to cell maturation and the initiation of mineralization. The redox status was evaluated by chemical analysis and by microfluorimetric scanning of rapidly frozen, freeze-fractured tibial growth cartilages. In the normal epiphysis, the redox pattern of both avian and lagomorph cartilages were very similar. Thus, in the proliferative tissue zone the NAD/NADH ratio was high; in the hypertrophic zone, the cells appeared to be reduced. The sharp border between the two zones suggested that the redox shift may be associated with development of hypoxia. Induction of rickets resulted in a fivefold decrease in the total concentration of pyridine nucleotides in the proliferating and hypertrophic zones. Furthermore, the NAD/NADH ratio was profoundly disturbed. In the mineralizing zone, there was an accumulation of reduced pyridine nucleotide. Healing, initiated by administration of vitamin D to the rachitic birds, caused a rapid increase in NAD and NADH in all zones of the growth cartilage. It was concluded that vitamin D deficiency leads to changes in the energy metabolism of growth cartilage and that these changes were related to the defective mineralization of the rachitic tissue. PMID- 3503559 TI - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nomenclature and Standards for Bone Proteins and Growth Factors. PMID- 3503560 TI - Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cytosolic calcium in two human cell lines (HL-60 and U-937). AB - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) has been shown to induce maturational changes in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and in the human monocytic cell line U-937. Changes in cytosolic calcium have been reported to regulate cellular processes. We used the fluorescent dye Quin 2 to examine the effects of vitamin D metabolites on cytosolic calcium levels in HL-60 and U-937 cells. 1,25-(OH)2D3 (20 nM) increases cytosolic calcium by 24% over a 5-min period in HL-60 but not in U-937 cells. 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0.2 nM and 4 nM) has no effect on cytosolic calcium levels in either cell type. 24,25-(OH)2D3 (20 nM) has no effect on cytosolic calcium in HL-60 cells. Nifedipine (1 mM) has no effect on cytosolic calcium levels over 30 min and likewise does not block the 1,25-(OH)2D3 induced increase in cytosolic calcium in HL-60 cells. However, chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA (10 mM) blocks the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced increment in cytosolic calcium, but does not block the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced maturational changes in HL-60 cells. The data suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 but not 24,25-(OH)2D3 increases cytosolic calcium in HL-60 cells within 5 min and the increment is due to increased influx of calcium. 1,25-(OH)2D3 modifies membrane permeability to calcium independent of calcium channels sensitive to nifedipine. Finally, 1,25 (OH)2D3-induced maturational changes in HL-60 cells can take place without an increase in cytosolic calcium. PMID- 3503561 TI - A single-day treatment of tumor-induced hypercalcemia by intravenous amino hydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate. AB - Twenty patients with malignant hypercalcemia were treated with amino hydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (AHPrBP, previously APD), a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. To assess the efficacy of a single-day treatment and determine the optimal dose of this compound, all patients received AHPrBP intravenously over 24 h, but they were divided into two subsequent groups of 10 patients: Group A received a single dose of 60 mg AHPrBP and group B received a single dose of 30 mg. In both groups all patients responded to AHPrBP with a decrease in plasma calcium concentration after a mean time lag of 1 day. Within 6 days, plasma calcium (corrected for serum proteins) fell from 3.24 +/- 0.14 to 2.24 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter in group A (p less than .001), but only from 3.22 +/- 0.15 to 2.49 +/- 0.10 mmol/liter in group B (p less than .005). Whereas in all patients from group A plasma calcium was within the normal range at days 9 and 14, in 4 patients of group B it was still above the normal range at day 9, and in 5 patients at day 14. There was a significant difference in plasma calcium between group A and group B from days 5 to 14 (p less than .005). In both groups, urinary calcium excretion fell dramatically and similarly, and plasma phosphate concentration decreased significantly (p less than .01) to values slightly below the normal range from days 4 to 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503563 TI - 1986 program & abstracts. Eighth annual scientific meeting, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. June 21-24, 1986, Anaheim, CA. PMID- 3503562 TI - Attainment of therapeutic fluoride levels in serum without major side effects using a slow-release preparation of sodium fluoride in postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - The bioavailability, biochemical effects, and safety of a slow-release preparation of sodium fluoride were examined. In 8 normal volunteers, a single administration of slow-release sodium fluoride (25 mg) caused a slow rise and gradual decline in serum fluoride concentration, thus avoiding sharp peaks produced by a rapid-release preparation. In 37 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, serum fluoride concentration was kept within the "therapeutic window" (95-100 ng/ml) during long-term intermittent sodium fluoride (slow release) therapy (25 mg twice/day, given for 3 months in each 5-month cycle over five cycles). Serum fluoride was also kept within the therapeutic window in 64 patients who took sodium fluoride (slow release) continuously over 12 months. Serum osteocalcin concentration increased progressively during fluoride treatment (correlation coefficient of 0.88, p less than .001 for the relationship between serum osteocalcin and duration of therapy). Side effects to slow-release sodium fluoride therapy, assessed in 101 patients at two study sites, were minor and included diarrhea in 2 patients, nausea in 2 patients, abdominal pain and cramping in 2 patients, foot pain in 2 patients, and joint pain in 6 patients. Thus, slow-release sodium fluoride confers desired level of fluoride in serum, while providing safety of usage. PMID- 3503564 TI - American Psychiatric Association Committee on Drug Abuse and Alcoholism. Presentations at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. May 1985. PMID- 3503565 TI - Psychiatrists and the treatment of addictions: perceptions and practices. AB - 4,657 out of a total APA membership of 28,000 expressed a particular interest in alcoholism and substance abuse. 1,705 of these responded to a questionnaire studying their attitudes and practices. Most of these do part-time work in the field with 9.9% being subspecialists. Self-report responses indicated that psychiatrists have incorporated a disease concept, abstinence orientation, utilized AA, education, supportive therapy, and a range of other modalities, think of addictions as treatable psychiatric disorders, and very infrequently use maintenance minor tranquilizers. Most became interested because of community need. However, 41.4% had a training experience including 36.1% who had a rotation on a substance abuse service. Psychiatrists are becoming aware that substance use disorders are an important component of psychiatry, and they are growing more assertive about their role in it. PMID- 3503566 TI - A contemporary approach to the family treatment of substance abuse disorders. AB - A contemporary approach to the family treatment of substance abuse is presented. This approach involves developing a method for establishing and maintaining a substance-free state, a workable system of family therapy, sufficient attention to the family after substance abuse has stopped, and an individualized, integrated approach which takes into consideration a variety of family factors. PMID- 3503567 TI - Pregnancy in a drug-abusing population. AB - Substance abuse in pregnancy places both mother and infant at extremely high risk. There is little information, however, about the impact of changing patterns of drug use and improvements in medical technology on pregnancy outcome. The Family Center Program utilizes a team approach to provide counseling, support, and education as well as complete medical care for substance-abusing pregnant women. We reviewed the records of women seen in the Family Center Program from 1981 to 1983 to evaluate the effect of intervention on pregnancy outcome. Complications, including prematurity, growth retardation, intrauterine fetal demise, and neonatal abstinence, were common, although early prenatal care and frequent visits appear to reduce the risk of low birth weight infants. Uncorrected perinatal mortality was 11/163 (67/1,000). Compared to earlier experience in this program, few women delivered with no prenatal care. Thus a program designed specifically for the needs of these women is successful in increasing the number seeking prenatal care and appears to improve pregnancy outcome. Despite this, serious problems are common and further improvement seems unlikely unless such women can be maintained in a stable, drug-free environment during their pregnancies. PMID- 3503568 TI - Analysis of drug involvement in traffic fatalities in Alabama. AB - Toxicology studies were performed on a subset of highway fatalities in Alabama. Results of those tests were analyzed for the years 1980 through 1984. It was found that 63% of driver fatalities tested had some level of blood alcohol concentration. From a smaller subset of the fatalities, it was found that almost 17% tested positively for marijuana. More than 5% of fatalities had some level of drugs (either illicit or prescription) in their blood stream. A statistical significant association was found between diazepam (tranquilizer) and low alcohol blood concentration. Another important finding is that for Alabama, marijuana is a problem drug of young drivers. PMID- 3503569 TI - Alcohol use and psychopathology in opioid addicts on methadone maintenance. AB - The occurrence of alcohol problems in opiate addicts on methadone maintenance presents a serious challenge for treatment. Dually addicted patients have a higher incidence of medical and psychiatric complications, consume large amounts of staff and treatment resources, and often exit treatment through administrative detoxification. Yet, little is known about differences in psychopathology between this group and other opioid addicts. This paper summarizes data for 166 male opioid addicts receiving methadone treatment. Alcohol problems were identified, and the relationship between dual addiction and psychopathology was explored. In the first phase of the study the MMPI and Brief MAST (Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test) were administered to 91 subjects. Comparison of Brief MAST scores with program counselors' judgments of the presence or absence of an alcohol problem showed a significant relationship. Cluster analysis of MMPI scores generated three groups. The clusters had significantly different mean MAST scores with the normal cluster having the least indication of alcohol problems, the neurotic cluster intermediate, and the schizoid cluster the greatest indication of problematic alcohol consumption. The second phase of the study with another 75 subjects replicated the relationship between cluster membership and MAST score. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was also administered to these subjects, and high correlations between Brief MAST and ASI alcohol problem measures were found. Within-treatment outcome data on a number of measures were then collected for 1 year. Problem drinking severity was negatively related to employment status and positively related to number of random urinalyses indicating illicit drug use. Implication of these findings for refining treatment strategies are discussed. PMID- 3503570 TI - Propranolol for the treatment of the alcoholic hangover. AB - Hangover following consumption of alcohol includes many disagreeable signs and symptoms that are suggestive of sympathetic overactivity. We performed a randomized, double-blind, crossover controlled study to assess the effect of beta blockade in preventing the symptoms of hangover. Ten subjects were randomized to receive 160 mg of a long-acting preparation of propranolol or a placebo and then participated in a controlled drinking situation. Patients were then evaluated for symptoms and signs of hangover. The results showed that although beta blockade was achieved, there was no clinically important reduction in symptoms of hangover. We conclude that propranolol does not prevent the symptoms of hangover. PMID- 3503571 TI - Differences between alcoholic couples accepting and rejecting an offer of outpatient marital therapy. AB - Following an extensive initial evaluation, 35 couples with alcoholic husbands decided to participate in couples therapy (acceptors) and 28 couples did not (rejectors). A significant discriminant function indicated that acceptors were characterized by husbands with more education, better marital adjustment, full time employment, and larger number of alcohol-related arrests. Acceptors also had sought more outpatient help in the past year. Rejectors were characterized by wives with better marital adjustment, greater living distance from clinic, and husbands with more alcohol-related hospitalizations. Rejector husbands also tended to be older. Practical implications for recruiting alcoholics and spouses into marital therapy are discussed. PMID- 3503572 TI - Assessing the preventability of emergency hospital admissions. A method for evaluating the quality of medical care in a primary care facility. AB - The quality of primary medical care was assessed by studying the events leading to 686 emergency admissions of patients from our hospital-based primary care practice. Independent physician reviewers determined that 59 (9 percent) of the admissions were potentially preventable; 40 were due to iatrogenic factors including inadequate follow-up and adverse drug reactions, 12 were due to lack of patient compliance, and seven were due to both iatrogenesis and noncompliance. Adverse drug reactions were the most common cause of iatrogenesis, and warfarin was the drug that most commonly caused an adverse reaction. Inadequate follow-up of abnormal physical findings, symptoms, and laboratory test results was also important. Patients with preventable admissions had more medical diagnoses (4.9 versus 4.1, p less than 0.01), were prescribed more medications (4.5 versus 3.7, p less than 0.01), and were older (66.5 years versus 60.2 years, p less than 0.01) than patients whose admissions were not preventable. It is concluded that a small percentage of emergency hospitalizations may be preventable and that systematic review of emergency hospitalizations may provide a means of measuring the quality of primary medical care. PMID- 3503573 TI - Postmortem findings in sudden and non-sudden deaths among Japanese-American men in Hawaii. AB - Analyses were made of the cause of death and major pathologic findings among 1,085 autopsied Japanese-American men in Hawaii to determine the differences between the 167 men who experienced sudden death within 24 hours of being well and the 918 men with non-sudden death. Sudden deaths were further divided into three subgroups according to the interval from the onset of symptoms to death: (less than one hour; one to six hours; more than six hours). Nearly 90 percent of sudden deaths and 25 percent of non-sudden deaths were attributed to cardiovascular disease. The proportion of deaths due to coronary heart disease was highest in sudden deaths less than one hour (72 percent) and lowest in sudden deaths more than six hours (49 percent), whereas the proportion of stroke deaths was highest in sudden deaths more than six hours (37 percent) and lowest in sudden deaths less than one hour (9 percent). The prevalence of myocardial infarction and the grade of coronary atherosclerosis were also significantly greater for sudden deaths (especially sudden deaths less than one hour) than for non-sudden deaths. PMID- 3503574 TI - Plasma cell leukemia: an evaluation of response to therapy. AB - Forty-three patients with plasma cell leukemia were seen at the Mayo Clinic. Twenty-five (58 percent) had primary plasma cell leukemia (diagnosis first made in the leukemic phase) and 18 (42 percent) had secondary plasma cell leukemia (leukemic transformation of a previously diagnosed multiple myeloma). Patients with secondary plasma cell leukemia were older, had a greater incidence of lytic bone lesions, had a lower platelet count, and had a larger M-protein in the serum than did patients with primary plasma cell leukemia. The median survival was 6.8 months for patients with primary plasma cell leukemia and 1.3 months for patients with secondary plasma cell leukemia. In patients with primary plasma cell leukemia, multiple alkylating agents produced a higher response rate than did melphalan, but the median time from treatment to progression or death was not significantly improved with such therapy. Review of the literature also suggests that the response rate is higher with combination chemotherapy than with single alkylating agents. Patients with secondary plasma cell leukemia usually show resistance to any type of chemotherapy and have a short survival. PMID- 3503575 TI - Age as the main prognostic factor in adult aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - From 1975 to 1983, 73 patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with a first-generation program including Adriamycin, VM 26, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone. Thirty-nine patients were under 60 years of age, and 34 were 60 years or older. The clinical and histologic characteristics of the two groups were similar. Using either univariate or multivariate analysis, age appeared as the only prognostic factor. Patients under 60 had a median survival of 48 months, with a five-year survival rate of 47 percent and a five year disease-free survival rate for complete-remission patients of 72 percent. Patients 60 years or older had a median survival of 18 months with a five-year survival rate of 18 percent and a five-year disease-free survival rate for complete-remission patients of 24 percent. These highly significant differences were related to a non-significantly decreased complete-remission rate and a significantly higher relapse rate in elderly patients. Since patient selection according to age could play a role in the results achieved with intensive chemotherapy programs, randomized trials comparing the various chemotherapy programs for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are warranted. PMID- 3503576 TI - Serial studies of auditory neurotoxicity in patients receiving deferoxamine therapy. AB - Visual and auditory neurotoxicity was previously documented in 42 of 89 patients with transfusion-dependent anemia who were receiving iron chelation therapy with daily subcutaneous deferoxamine. Twenty-two patients in the affected group had abnormal audiograms with deficits mostly in the high frequency range of 4,000 to 8,000 Hz and in the hearing threshold levels of 30 to 100 decibels. When deferoxamine therapy was discontinued and serial studies were performed, audiograms in seven cases reverted to normal or near normal within two to three weeks, and nine of 13 patients with symptoms became asymptomatic. Audiograms from 15 patients remained abnormal and four patients required hearing aids because of permanent disability. Since 18 of the 22 patients were initially receiving deferoxamine doses in excess of the commonly recommended 50 mg/kg per dose, therapy was restarted with lower doses, usually 50 mg/kg per dose or less depending on the degree of auditory abnormality, and with the exception of two cases no further toxicity was demonstrated. Auditory deterioration and improvement, demonstrated serially in individual patients receiving and not receiving deferoxamine, respectively, provided convincing evidence for a cause and-effect relation between deferoxamine administration and ototoxicity. Based on these data, a plan of management was developed that allows effective yet safe administration of deferoxamine. A dose of 50 mg/kg is recommended in those without audiogram abnormalities. With mild toxicity, a reduction to 30 or 40 mg/kg per dose should result in a reversal of the abnormal results to normal within four weeks. Moderate abnormalities require a reduction of deferoxamine to 25 mg/kg per dose with careful monitoring. In those with symptoms of hearing loss, the drug should be stopped for four weeks, and when the audiogram is stable or improved, therapy should be restarted at 10 to 25 mg/kg per dose. Serial audiograms should be performed every six months in those without problems and more frequently in young patients with normal serum ferritin values and in those with auditory dysfunction. PMID- 3503577 TI - Relationship of serum antibiotic concentrations to nephrotoxicity in cancer patients receiving concurrent aminoglycoside and vancomycin therapy. AB - Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci have become increasingly responsible for febrile episodes in cancer patients, often necessitating the addition of vancomycin to an aminoglycoside-containing broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen. A total of 229 courses of antibiotic therapy in 229 patients were evaluated for nephrotoxicity associated with the administration of an aminoglycoside and/or vancomycin. The incidence of nephrotoxicity observed in patients administered an aminoglycoside (Group A) was 18 percent; vancomycin (Group B) 15 percent; and an aminoglycoside concurrently with vancomycin (Group C) 15 percent. The following pharmacokinetic/dosing factors were significantly associated with increased nephrotoxicity in the groups: baseline serum creatinine level, mean daily dose during the first three days of therapy (Group B), and elevated serum trough aminoglycoside or vancomycin concentrations (2 micrograms/ml or more or 10 micrograms/ml or more, respectively). No cumulative nephrotoxicity was demonstrated with the concurrent administration of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside. A higher incidence of nephrotoxicity was seen in Group C (42 percent) and Group B (27 percent) patients, in whom trough serum vancomycin concentrations were 10 micrograms/ml or more. PMID- 3503578 TI - Poster sessions. PMID- 3503579 TI - An affair of the heart. PMID- 3503580 TI - A nameless obituary. Reflections on the depersonalization of the elderly. PMID- 3503581 TI - Untrapping the metaphor of AIDS. PMID- 3503582 TI - Hypophosphatemia and respiratory failure: prolonged abnormal energy metabolism demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Hypophosphatemia has been shown to cause acute respiratory failure. The mechanism is believed to be due to decreased high-energy substrate availability at the cellular level leading to respiratory muscle dysfunction. However, direct measurement of these substrates has not been previously studied. A patient with hypophosphatemic respiratory failure is described in whom phosphocreatine and pH were continuously monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This revealed a defect in muscle metabolism that required several weeks to recover despite prompt correction of the serum phosphate level. PMID- 3503583 TI - Detection of acute myocarditis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. AB - The clinical features, echocardiographic characteristics, and electrocardiographic findings in two patients with acute myocarditis are presented. The first patient had rheumatic myocarditis and the other had probable viral myocarditis. Both patients had regional wall motion abnormalities on the echocardiogram, and the nuclear magnetic resonance image for each patient showed myocardial edema in the area of the wall motion abnormality. These changes disappeared with resolution of the acute disease process. These preliminary data indicate that nuclear magnetic resonance imaging may show myocardial edema in acute myocarditis. PMID- 3503584 TI - An unusual case of renal cancer showing mixed tumor response to interferon. AB - A patient with renal cell carcinoma, recurrent in the renal bed and metastatic to the lung parenchyma, hilar lymph nodes, and ilium bone, showed a complete response to 12 months of treatment with human diploid fibroblast interferon. However, concurrently with clinical and pathologic resolution of the metastatic and recurrent tumor at known sites, a brain metastasis developed, which was not clinically or radiologically apparent during his lifetime. At autopsy, there was no evidence of metastatic renal cell carcinoma at the known sites of disease. In the brain, there was a massive fresh intracerebral hemorrhage originating in a small focus of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Possible explanations for these mixed responses to interferon and this curious phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 3503585 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in patients with severe congestive heart failure. PMID- 3503586 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as breast abscess. PMID- 3503587 TI - DF-2 bacteremia following cat bites. PMID- 3503588 TI - Pretibial myxedema: an overlapping clinical manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 3503589 TI - Candida osteomyelitis. PMID- 3503590 TI - Hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 3503591 TI - Aspirin withdrawal in a patient with essential thrombocythemia: possible cause of myocardial infarction. PMID- 3503592 TI - "Possible" primary Sjogren's syndrome with diffuse cerebrovasculitis and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 3503593 TI - Advanced technology in cardiovascular therapy. Investigators' dialogue. Proceedings of a symposium. December 5 to 7, 1986, Boca Raton, Florida. PMID- 3503594 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system. A controlled-release formulation of nifedipine. AB - The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine following intravenous administration can be represented by an open two-compartment model with a terminal elimination half life of about two hours. Nifedipine is extensively biotransformed to inactive metabolites, and the total body clearance (450 to 700 ml/minute) is primarily due to hepatic metabolism. Nifedipine undergoes significant tissue distribution in that the steady-state volume of distribution (0.62 to 0.77 liter/kg) is more than twice the volume of distribution of the central compartment (0.25 to 0.29 liter/kg). Although nifedipine is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, oral bioavailability ranges from 45 to 68 percent because of first-pass metabolism. Nifedipine given three times daily shows no accumulation in plasma and no changes in pharmacokinetic behavior during a one week study period. Pharmacokinetic studies on the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) show that the bioavailability of the GITS dosage form (relative to the capsule) is about 65 percent after a single dose, but increases to about 86 percent at steady-state because of residual absorption more than 24 hours after dosing. Linear pharmacokinetics are seen following administration of single oral doses of nifedipine GITS as indicated by dose-proportional increases in the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve over the range of 30 to 180 mg. Administration of the GITS dosage form in the presence of food slightly increases the rate of drug absorption, but does not influence the extent of drug bioavailability. Dose-dumping has not been observed, even with dosing after a meal containing a high level of fat. The GITS tablets provide zero-order delivery of nifedipine, and drug absorption persists beyond the dosing interval of 24 hours. Thus, the GITS dosage form will permit once-a-day dosing and maintain the desired, constant plasma drug concentration with minimal fluctuation. PMID- 3503595 TI - Nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system. AB - Convenient once-a-day dosage regimens are highly desirable in general, and especially for the treatment of asymptomatic diseases such as essential hypertension. Nifedipine is an insoluble, short-acting calcium channel blocker that presents a difficult technical challenge for formulation in a constant 24 hour delivery dosage form. Once-a-day dosage forms have been developed based on the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) push-pull osmotic pump configuration in three strengths with different drug delivery rates (mg/hour) per dose (mg), as 1.7/30, 3.4/60, and 5.1/90. The delivery rates of drug from these systems are controlled by their drug loading, composition of osmotic components, membrane properties, and dimensions. The release rates are independent of pH in the range from gastric pH = 1.2 to intestinal pH = 7.5. The release rates are independent of stirring rate and therefore unlikely to be influenced by motility in the gastrointestinal tract. The drug release rate from the nifedipine GITS dosage form in vivo in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs has been found to be equal to the release rate in vitro, indicating that the in vitro test is predictive of in vivo delivery. Following administration of the nifedipine GITS dosage forms to human subjects, absorption rates, calculated from resulting plasma concentrations, indicate that the cumulative amount of drug absorbed in humans over 24 hours is proportional to the amounts of drug delivered in vitro. Plasma concentrations are therefore predictable and remain relatively constant throughout the 24-hour dosing interval. PMID- 3503596 TI - Creative partnerships: the profession's plan (Presidential Address). AB - Through interprofessional collaboration on behalf of the populations we serve, and through the integration of science and art, we shall transform our present and direct our future. The crisis of the entrepreneurial idea in health care must not become the pathology of our service ideals. Rather, this crisis must be viewed as our opportunity to adopt marketing as an exchange relationship and engage in activities that market ourselves as a vital profession that places the good of those we serve above our own self-interest. Through our creative partnerships, we can achieve professional excellence. Professional excellence is the key to assuring occupational therapy's position in the marketplace. PMID- 3503597 TI - The development of manual midline crossing in 2- to 6-year-old children. AB - The present study analyzed the development of manual midline crossing in a sample of one hundred sixty 2- to 6-year-old children and considered test construction factors that could affect the test design. The test construction factors addressed were (a) the effect of biasing the hand used for object manipulation and (b) the effect of distance from midline required for task completion on the frequency of manual midline crossing. A pegboard task was used to measure manual midline crossing. The results identified a developmental age trend in crossing the body midline in 2- to 6-year-old children. Biasing the hand used for object manipulation significantly increased the probability of eliciting manual midline crossing. A combination of linear and quadratic trends was found when the effect of distance from midline on the frequency of contralateral responses produced during testing was analyzed. PMID- 3503598 TI - The performance of learning-disabled and normal young men on the test of visual perceptual skills. AB - The present study explored the discriminative validity of the motor-free Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (TVPS) as an assessment for adults. The subjects were 26 learning-disabled and 26 normal young men. Overall, the subjects with learning disabilities made significantly more errors and took significantly more time on the total TVPS than did the normal subjects. The group with learning disabilities demonstrated significantly lower accuracy scores on four of the seven subtests and longer time scores on five subtests. Discriminant analysis revealed that the time score for Visual Sequential Memory and the accuracy score for Visual Closure were the two subtest scores that best discriminated between groups and, together, were able to correctly classify 84.6% of the subjects. The TVPS total accuracy score for the subjects with learning disabilities significantly correlated with their overall performance IQ but not with their verbal IQ. Their TVPS total accuracy scores also correlated with scores on Block Design, but not with scores on the Object Assembly or Picture Completion subtests of the WAIS-R. The results seem to indicate that the TVPS is valid as an assessment of visual-perceptual functions for young adult subjects. Recommendations for further study were made. PMID- 3503599 TI - Roles of occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants in schools. PMID- 3503600 TI - Standards of practice for occupational therapy services in schools. PMID- 3503601 TI - A dynamic elbow extension splint. PMID- 3503603 TI - The nursing center: concept & design. PMID- 3503602 TI - Standards and scope of hospice nursing practice. PMID- 3503604 TI - Standards of oncology nursing practice. PMID- 3503605 TI - [Timing and method of breast reconstruction after mastectomy]. PMID- 3503606 TI - [A new method for the preparation of the thrombocytopenic patient for splenectomy]. PMID- 3503607 TI - [Value of trans-scrotal phlebography. Considerations and results in 10 years of experience]. PMID- 3503608 TI - [Definitive terminal colostomy in the aged patient]. PMID- 3503609 TI - [Long-term survival after radical surgery for cancer of the stomach: multifactorial evaluation]. PMID- 3503610 TI - [Use of the colonic shunt in urology]. PMID- 3503611 TI - [Local recurrence after colo-rectal surgery: clinical study]. PMID- 3503612 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of the intracardiac mass]. PMID- 3503614 TI - [Limited resection in the treatment of Crohn disease]. PMID- 3503613 TI - [Treatment of hiatal hernia by the thoracotomy route using the modified Merendino Bjork method]. PMID- 3503615 TI - [Cervical cutaneous expansion: treatment of post-burn keloids. Personal cases]. PMID- 3503616 TI - [Rational local treatment with curative intent in rectal cancer]. PMID- 3503617 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of lung-sparing exeresis in bronchogenic cancer]. PMID- 3503618 TI - [The inter-subclavian bypass: our approach in the subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 3503619 TI - [Usefulness of latero-lateral choledocho-duodenostomy in the treatment of calculi of the hepatic choledochus]. PMID- 3503620 TI - [Microsurgery in marital sterility: methodology comparison]. PMID- 3503622 TI - [Surgical emergency and the "limit" situation]. PMID- 3503621 TI - [Role of lymphoscintigraphy in the postoperative study of the patient operated on for cancer of the breast]. PMID- 3503623 TI - [Electronic video-endoscopy]. PMID- 3503624 TI - [The peritoneal-jugular shunt in the patient with refractory ascites. Our experience]. PMID- 3503625 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema of surgical interest]. PMID- 3503626 TI - [Results of new diagnostic applications in the phlebologic field with reflected light rheography]. PMID- 3503628 TI - [Indications, technics and results of lymphadenectomy in malignant tumors of the parotid and submandibular glands]. PMID- 3503627 TI - [Calcified-dystrophic lesions of the abdominal aorta and of the initial segment of the superior mesenteric artery in old age. Critical considerations of 50 cases studied in their morpho-radiologic and anatomo-pathologic aspects]. PMID- 3503629 TI - [Ozone as an adjuvant in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency: preliminary study]. PMID- 3503630 TI - [The distal spread of cancer of the rectum: study of fragments surgically obtained during radical exeresis]. PMID- 3503631 TI - [Combined therapy in cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 3503632 TI - [Technical comparison: uretero-ureterocutaneostomy with Y and ileal shunt after radical cystectomy]. PMID- 3503633 TI - [Binocular vision in current practice]. PMID- 3503634 TI - [Photography of the fundus oculi in current practice]. PMID- 3503635 TI - [Biological rhythms and ophthalmology]. PMID- 3503637 TI - [The surgery of astigmatism]. PMID- 3503636 TI - [Is there a surgical treatment of the fibroplastic phase of retinopathy of prematurity?]. PMID- 3503638 TI - [Visual acuity and Minitel]. PMID- 3503640 TI - [Measurement of aniseikonia and its practical consequences]. PMID- 3503639 TI - [Explantation: indications and technics]. PMID- 3503641 TI - [Specular microscopy]. PMID- 3503642 TI - [Photography of the eye in current practice]. PMID- 3503643 TI - [Coordinometry]. PMID- 3503645 TI - Regulation of aerobic fermentation in Leishmania donovani promastigotes by NADP+ dependent malic enzyme. AB - NADP+-dependent malic enzyme (decarboxylating) was extracted from Leishmania donovani promastigotes with Triton X-100. The enzyme was specific for NADP+ and did not decarboxylate oxaloacetate (OA). The substrate activity relationship was hyperbolic for both L-malate and NADP+, and Km values were calculated as 0.18 and 0.12 mM, respectively. The enzyme exhibited a broad pH optimum of 7.5-8.0. Pyruvate, NADPH and OA inhibited the reaction in a competitive manner with apparent Ki values of 0.2, 0.04 and 0.04 mM, respectively, while oxalate inhibition was of the mixed type. The kinetic results obtained indicate that malic enzyme is involved in the regulation of carbon flow towards aerobic fermentation, complete oxidation of dicarboxylic acids or biosynthetic purposes. PMID- 3503644 TI - The relationship between severity of ulcerated lesions and immune responses in the early stage of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ecuador. AB - The relationship was examined between the severity of ulcerated lesions and immune responses in 19 Ecuadorian patients in the early stages of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. As an immunological assay, the humoral immune response was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the cell-mediated response by delayed type skin test for leishmanial antigen (leishmanin test). There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.61, P less than 0.01) between the total area of ulcerated lesions and the reciprocal titre of ELISA in identical subjects. However, no significant difference was observed in the ELISA titre between patients with a single lesion and those with multiple lesions (chi 2 = 7.06, df = 5, P greater than 0.2). A correlation (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05) was observed between the area of lesions and the intensity of leishmanin test; further, the ELISA titre also correlated to the intensity of leishmanin test in the identical subjects (r = 0.71, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the severity of ulcerated lesions relates to the activation of both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems in the early stage of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 3503646 TI - Leishmanin test survey in an endemic village of Indian kala-azar near Calcutta. AB - A leishmanin test survey was carried out in a village during the declining phase of an outbreak of Indian kala-azar. One hundred and fifty of the total population of 220, including 25 clinically cured cases of kala-azar, were available for this study. Nineteen per cent (24 of 125) of the otherwise normal subjects showed delayed hypersensitivity to leishmanin antigen. The majority of these were household contacts of kala-azar patients, and the remainder came from the close neighbourhood. This may support the view that microfoci are of importance in the spread of the disease. The age-specific profile of leishmanin positivity was found to increase steadily, attaining a high level in older age groups. PMID- 3503647 TI - The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis. XII. The prediction of microfilarial loads in patients with onchocerciasis after treatment with diethylcarbamazine in northern Ghana. AB - This paper presents some statistical problems of analysing changes in patterns of microfilarial loads in onchocerciasis patients after chemotherapeutic treatment. Analyses are made of a pooled set of data from ten separate studies of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) conducted at the Onchocerciasis Chemotherapeutic Research Centre, Tamale, between 1978 and 1983. Regression models of microfilarial load at different intervals post-treatment are fitted with initial microfilarial load, total dose of DEC, duration of treatment and age of the patient as the independent variables. Appropriate transformations of the variables are chosen by examination of plots of residuals for violations of the assumptions underlying the regression models. A dose response curve for DEC is produced. PMID- 3503648 TI - Prazosin for vasodilator treatment of acute pulmonary oedema due to scorpion sting. AB - Prazosin hydrochloride, a post-synaptic alpha receptor blocking agent, was administered to twelve patients with acute pulmonary oedema due to scorpion sting in order to lower their mean blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure plus one third of pulse pressure) 10 to 20 mmHg. Following an oral dose (0.125 mg in children and 0.5 mg in adults), clinical improvement was seen in the form of disappearance of apical systolic murmur and pulmonary oedema, a reduction in heart rate observed at the end of the first hour, and maximal improvement seen at the end of the third hour. Chest radiographs showed conspicuous clearing of pulmonary oedema. Electrocardiographs (ECG) showed hypoxic injury patterns such as a Q-wave in lead I and AVL with tented T waves in precordial leads, left anterior hemiblock (LAHB) and acute infarction patterns with subsequent T-wave inversion. The severity of clinical signs and ECG changes increased as the time between the sting and attending hospital lengthened. PMID- 3503649 TI - Inhibition of Leishmania donovani growth by streptomycin and tobramycin. PMID- 3503650 TI - Interaction of human eosinophils with Leishmania donovani. PMID- 3503651 TI - Gerbillus pyramidum is a host of Leishmania major in the Sinai Peninsula. PMID- 3503652 TI - Effect of Samorin administered to a bovine host on the survival and reproductive performance of female Glossina morsitans centralis. PMID- 3503653 TI - Natural inhibitors of complement. III. Inactivation of the complement cascade in vitro by vegetal spices (Ocimum basilicum, Artemisia dracunculus and Thymus vulgaris). PMID- 3503655 TI - Prevalence, seasonality and economic importance of disease conditions in Nigeria cattle population as seen in Enugu abattoir 1980-1984. PMID- 3503654 TI - Optimal immunosuppression conditions with ALS for grafting human tumoral cell line in mice. PMID- 3503656 TI - Effect of condylotomy on DNA synthesis in cells of the mandibular condylar cartilage in the rat. AB - The role of articular forces and the periosteal envelope in the regulation of condylar cartilage growth is uncertain. Transection of the condylar neck, or condylotomy, influences both by a temporary reduction of articular forces and a transient release of the ramus periosteal envelope. To investigate the effects of this procedure on proliferative activity of the prechondroblast layer of the condylar cartilage, bilateral condylotomies were performed on 29-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. A surgical control group underwent identical incision without condylotomy and a non-operated third group also served as controls. Eighteen hours after surgery, there was no difference in [3H]-thymidine incorporation among the different treatment groups. However, by two days after surgery, [3H]-thymidine incorporation was significantly higher in the condylotomy group than in either surgical or untreated controls. Incorporation values remained significantly higher in condylotomy animals at seven days after surgery, but declined to control levels by 14 days after surgery. These findings support other radioautographic and cephalometric evidence of an increased growth rate of the condylar cartilage after condylotomy, but suggest that the increase may be transient and perhaps related to the disruption and restoration of articular function. PMID- 3503657 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human salivary secretory-IgA. AB - A method using overlays of 131I-labelled antisera to IgA or SC was developed for the specific detection of s-IgA in unpurified saliva after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The pI range of salivary s-IgA was 4.8-6.5; that of colostral s-IgA was slightly lower (4.5-5.5). PMID- 3503658 TI - Enhancement by extracts of mineralized tissues of protein production by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Non-confluent cell cultures were exposed to both guanidine and guanidine-EDTA extracts of cementum, dentine and alveolar bone, at concentrations from 2 to 50 micrograms/ml for 48 h. The cells were radioactively labelled during the last 24 h. Total protein production was measured via incorporation of radioactive proline; collagen production was estimated by digestion of the radioactive protein mixture with bacterial collagenase. All guanidine-EDTA extracts elicited statistically-significant increases in total protein production when compared to controls. At 50 micrograms/ml of extract, the increase in protein production was 340, 143 and 338 per cent for bone, cementum and dentine, respectively. Similar results were obtained for collagen production. Guanidine-EDTA extracts also stimulated an increase in the production of specific proteins, as ascertained by gel electrophoresis. In contrast, the guanidine extracts had no effect on either protein or collagen production. Thus the functions of gingival fibroblasts can be altered by proteins from associated mineralized tissues. Identification of such proteins and their biological functions would enhance knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate connective-tissue regeneration. PMID- 3503659 TI - Age-associated changes in Langerhans cells of murine oral epithelium and epidermis. AB - Oral mucosa and skin of older individuals are immunologically less responsive to a range of allergens, but it is not known whether this is due to changes in the number of Langerhans cells or to impaired cell function. EDTA-separated epithelial sheets from the cheek and palate mucosa, and from ear aN< footpad skin of three-month-old and 24-month-old C57BL/6NNia mice were stained for ATPase, beta-glucuronidase activity and Iab-surface antigen to demonstrate Langerhans cells. The general distribution of such cells was unchanged with age, but those in epithelia from the old mice were more varied in shape, with irregular celL bodies and more elongated dendritic processes. The numerical density of Langerhans cells in old mice was reduced by 30-59 per cent compared with that in young mice. PMID- 3503660 TI - Sympathetic neuronotrophic activity in the pulp of the cat canine tooth. AB - Extracts of these dental pulps from adult cats contained a non-dialysable agent or agents which could support neurone survival and neurite development for at least three days in neurone-enriched cultures of sympathetic ganglion cells from 11-day chick embryos. The neurone survival-promoting activity differed from nerve growth factor (NGF) in that: (1) anti-mouse NGF serum did not inhibit it; (2) nearly all ganglionic neurones survived in optimum concentrations of pulp extract, whereas only about 35 per cent were supported by NGF; and (3) cell bodies of NGF-supported neurones were markedly larger than in neurones supported by pulp extracts. The neuronotrophic activity in individual dental pulps was highly variable among different cats, but similar between mandibular canines from the same animal. Smaller pulps had higher concentrations of trophic activity than larger ones. Gingival tissue and the anterior belly of the disgastric muscle contained little neuronotrophic activity. PMID- 3503661 TI - The effect of lipopolysaccharide from the oral bacterium Bacteroides gingivalis on osteoclastic resorption of sperm-whale dentine slices in vitro. AB - Physiological mediators of bone resorption stimulate osteoclasts indirectly via osteoblasts. The aim was to determine whether osteoblasts are necessary for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate osteoclastic resorption. Osteoblasts were prepared from neonatal rat calvaria by sequential digestion, and co-cultured on slices of sperm-whale dentine with osteoclasts disaggregated from neonatal rat long bones. Groups of 12 slices were cultured for 24 h in culture media alone, or media containing either 100 ng/ml parathyroid hormone (PTH) or 0.1, 1 or 10 micrograms/ml LPS extracted from Bacteroides gingivalis. After incubation, the slices were cleaned and viewed by scanning electron-microscopy. PTH and each concentration of LPS caused a statistically-significant increase in the mean area of resorption per dentine slice when compared with controls. When only isolated osteoclasts were cultured on dentine slices and incubated under similar conditions, none of the test media significantly stimulated bone resorption above that of controls. Thus LPS stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption indirectly via osteoblasts. PMID- 3503662 TI - Rehabilitation research: problems and resources. PMID- 3503663 TI - The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. PMID- 3503664 TI - The effect of changes in facial muscle tension on respiratory resistance. AB - The relationship between changes in facial electromyographic (EMG) levels and respiratory resistance was examined. Thirty adult males were assigned equally to 1 of 3 groups; a facial muscle tension increase group (EMG increase), a facial tension decrease group (EMG decrease), and a noncontingent group (EMG noncontingent). Biofeedback procedures, based on EMG recordings made form electrodes positioned over the frontalis muscles, were used to effect muscle tension changes. Individuals in the EMG increase group exhibited increases in facial tension, but individuals in the EMG decrease group failed to show muscle tension changes. Respiratory resistance increased in individuals in the EMG increase group but did not change in individuals in the EMG decrease group. Like the EMG decrease group subjects, EMG noncontingent group subjects changed neither in facial tension nor in respiratory resistance. The results provided some support for a hypothesis linking facial muscle tension and respiratory resistance. PMID- 3503665 TI - Sequential effects on P3 in a counting task: a partial replication. AB - High and low tones were presented in random order, and the high tones had to be counted. It was intended to replicate the sequential effects on P3 reported by Squires et al. (1976, 1977) and to test by means of an ANOVA approach how each one of the preceding four tones contributes to these sequential effects. However, results deviated from those studies: (1) P3s were generally somewhat larger with target tones than with nontargets; (2) Squires et al.'s (1976, 1977) sequential effects were replicated for nontargets, but were more or less reversed for targets. The preceding sequence was found also to exert influence on prestimulus baselines, N1, and EOG. It is suggested that target effects constitute the rule rather than the exception and that sequential effects on P3 may be altered by subtle differences of subjects' sets, similarly to sequential effects on choice reaction times. PMID- 3503666 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry and emotion: lateralized parietal processing of affect and cognition. AB - The differential cerebral processing of affect and cognition may have important implications for a more general understanding of how these two complex sets of functions differ and how they interact. Building upon recent studies of hemispheric asymmetry in emotion, the present study focused on the differential parietal processing of emotional stimuli under affective and cognitive conditions. Subjects were exposed to neutral and emotional stimuli presented under cognitive and affective instructional sets. Bilateral electroencephalographic (EEG) data showed that the principal differentiation between affective and cognitive conditions occurred in the right hemisphere, whereas the highest overall level of activation during emotional stimulation was in the left hemisphere. It was also found that affective conditions produced higher of levels of both EEG and electrodermal activity than either cognitive or neutral conditions. Finally, significant patterns of gender differentiation suggested greater focal organization for affective arousal in females than males. PMID- 3503667 TI - Stimulus omission and the orienting response: latency differences suggest different mechanisms. AB - Following response habituation to a regularly-presented innocuous stimulus, omission of that stimulus may elicit a response. The missing-stimulus effect has been of some importance in the development of Orienting Response (OR) theory, particularly Sokolov's neuronal model/stimulus comparator mechanism. Western work on this effect has been somewhat equivocal, with only some subjects emitting small responses at stimulus omission. Barry (1984b) proposed that the fragility of the data might reflect the elicitation of a voluntary OR (Maltzman, 1979) rather than the more robust (reflexive) involuntary OR commonly emphasised in OR work. A prediction generated from this hypothesis, that the OR to stimulus omission has a longer latency than that associated with physical stimuli, was tested here. The first experiment found such an effect in the electrodermal responses to simple visual stimuli and their omission. This was replicated in a second experiment with both significant and indifferent visual stimuli. These latency delays (group mean differences ranged from 1.15 to 1.65 s) imply an intervening process in the elicitation of the electrodermal response to stimulus omission, compatible with it being viewed as a voluntary OR. An implication of these results for the conceptualization of other ORs to stimulus change is discussed. PMID- 3503668 TI - [Thrombosis and hemorrhage: the blood of Charybdis and Scylla]. PMID- 3503669 TI - [Pathomorphological lesions of the diabetic pancreas and their clinical lessons]. PMID- 3503670 TI - [AIDS, ethical and legal aspects]. PMID- 3503671 TI - [The value of centrifugation for the study of cytoplasmic changes related to the maturation and fertilization of mammalian oocytes]. PMID- 3503672 TI - [Annual report 1987]. PMID- 3503673 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome responsive to carbidopa/levodopa: support for a dopaminergic pathogenesis. AB - A 31-year-old man with psychosis and neuroleptic-induced tardive dystonia developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) while taking haloperidol. Muscle rigidity responded to dantrolene, but hyperthermia did not abate until therapy with carbidopa/levodopa was initiated, after which temperature varied in direct relationship to subsequent levodopa administration. This supports the role for central dopaminergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NMS. PMID- 3503674 TI - Adverse lung reactions to nomifensine: a posthumous note. PMID- 3503675 TI - Neuropharmacological basis of priapism. PMID- 3503676 TI - Pharmacology of mental aging and dementia disorders. PMID- 3503677 TI - Essential tremor variants: effect of treatment. AB - Essential tremor may not represent a single condition. Subclassifications include kinetic predominant tremor; combined resting-postural tremor; primary writing tremor; isolated voice, chin, or tongue tremor; and orthostatic truncal tremor. We report patients with these disorders. An association of these conditions with essential tremor is suggested by a high occurrence of a family history of essential tremor, frequent presence of a mild postural tremor, and tremor reduction with alcohol ingestion. Pharmacologic responsiveness is different for these disorders. Propranolol and primidone often have beneficial effects but clonazepam was the only drug effective in some cases of kinetic predominant tremor and in orthostatic truncal tremor. Combined resting-postural tremor and voice tremor were often unresponsive to treatment. PMID- 3503678 TI - Exercise and the antiparkinsonian response to levodopa. AB - The contribution of acute physical exercise to the motor fluctuations occurring in advanced Parkinson's disease was studied in four patients using a standard treadmill protocol. With a constant optimal-dose intravenous levodopa infusion, no changes in plasma drug levels or antiparkinsonian response were observed during or for 60 min following a 35-min exercise period, during which the work load increased from minimal to vigorous. Although an effect of exercise on levodopa absorption from the gastrointestinal tract cannot be excluded, there seems to be no basis on which to implicate acute physical activity, at levels ordinarily experienced by parkinsonian patients, in the pathogenesis of the fluctuations in motor performance. PMID- 3503679 TI - Influence of anticonvulsants and flunarizine on the metabolism of thyroid hormones: speculation about the possible role of calmodulin. AB - Interference of anticonvulsants with the metabolism of hormones may lead to side effects. Anticonvulsants influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, in that lowering of thyrotropin [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] and thyroxine levels is observed. In the present study, flunarizine, a calcium ion blocker, administered as add-on medication, further lowered serum thyroxine but not TSH. The underlying biochemical principle may be an interference with the mediation of signals by calcium-calmodulin at the level of the thyroid follicle. PMID- 3503680 TI - Paroxysmal dystonia responsive to anticholinergic drugs. AB - A case of a mentally retarded patient with sporadic paroxysmal dystonia, unresponsive to anticonvulsant therapy, is described. He had a long-standing history of neuroleptic drug intake. Trihexyphenidyl in a total daily dosage of 20 mg totally suppressed the crises. PMID- 3503681 TI - Effect of chronic nicotine administration on monoamine and monoamine metabolite concentrations in rat brain. AB - The effects on rat brain tissue monoamine and monoamine metabolite concentrations of chronic nicotine administration at two doses (3 and 12 mg/kg/day) using constant infusion were studied. After 21 days of treatment, tissue concentrations of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and several metabolites in striatum, hypothalamus, and frontal cortex were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Compared with a control group, nicotine treatment significantly decreased NE in frontal cortex but not in other regions. The concentration of 5HT also was decreased in frontal cortex but increased in the hypothalamus at the higher dose of nicotine. The 5HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was not significantly altered in any region. The 5HT index (5-HIAA/5-HT) was significantly decreased in the hypothalamus and increased in frontal cortex at the higher dose. Concentrations of DA and the metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were not significantly altered by nicotine. Nevertheless, significant decreases in the DA metabolite dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (DOPAC) were observed in both striatum and hypothalamus. Moreover, the DA index [(DOPAC + HVA)/DA] was significantly decreased in all three brain regions. In contrast to other studies using acute dose and in vitro perfusion paradigms that have reported increased CNS catecholamine release stimulated by nicotine, chronic administration appears to be associated with decreased catecholamine turnover in some brain regions. PMID- 3503682 TI - Combined L-dopa and bromocriptine therapy for Parkinson's disease: a proposed mechanism of action. PMID- 3503683 TI - Persistent upregulation of brain adenosine receptors in response to chronic carbamazepine treatment. AB - Chronic carbamazepine treatment for a period of 2 weeks caused a highly significant increase in brain adenosine receptors in the rat. The carbamazepine was administered in food pellets in a diet that achieved clinically relevant total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its active-10,11-epoxide metabolite. Of the several brain areas examined, the cerebral cortex and hippocampus exhibited the most robust increases in [3H]cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) binding. Increases of 35-40% were observed in these brain regions whereas an 8 10% increase was seen in the cerebellum. The carbamazepine induced increase in brain adenosine receptors in all these areas persisted unabated at 1 and 5 days as well as 2, 4, and 8 weeks following termination of carbamazepine treatment, suggesting a relatively permanent alteration of the adenosine receptor by this drug. PMID- 3503684 TI - Dexamethasone-induced schizoaffective-like state in multiple sclerosis: prophylaxis and treatment with carbamazepine. PMID- 3503685 TI - Idiopathic Parkinson's disease in a chronic schizophrenic patient: long-term treatment with clozapine and L-dopa. PMID- 3503686 TI - Restless legs syndrome and Parkinson's disease: insights into pathophysiology. PMID- 3503687 TI - Adrenal catecholamine concentration after domperidone. PMID- 3503688 TI - Patterns of memory performance in young-old and old-old adults: a selective review. AB - Three experiments were discussed as a means of bridging the gap between biological and psychological data on aging and memory. Memory performances of young-old (73 year-old) and old-old (82 year-old) subjects were compared. The common denominator of these experiments was that contextual or cognitive support had been provided at study and/or test. The rationale behind discussing these experiments in the present context was that subjects should be able to use this support to focus attention on the critical aspects of the to-be-remembered information; thereby the subjects should be able to compensate for neurological degeneration pertinent to attentional difficulties. The nature of the differences between young-old and old-old subjects was found to vary among tasks. Study 1 demonstrated qualitative differences between young-old and old-old subjects, whereas Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated the differences to be merely quantitative in nature. Implications for memory training programs for the elderly were discussed. PMID- 3503689 TI - Dietary intake and psychosocial factors in 68-year-old men. A population study. AB - In a representative sample of 621 men aged 68 years 500 (80.5%) participated in a dietary history interview, and in an interview where social network and social support characteristics, marital status, and social class were assessed. Also included was a questionnaire on alcohol consumption and smoking habits, as well as weight and height measurements and an assessment of the men's physical activities. The purpose was to describe dietary habits and to characterize men with inadequate habits according to different psychosocial characteristics. Average intake of energy and nutrients was, in general, well above the recommended. However, the variation was wide. According to the definition used, about 20% were considered to have "inadequate" dietary habits. No proportional differences in social class and marital status were found among these men. However, those with sufficient social network and social support fared better. Overweight, obesity, low physical activity and high alcohol consumption were more common among the men with inadequate diets. Low social anchorage, low physical activity and high body mass index were independent risk indicators of inadequate dietary habits in this population. PMID- 3503690 TI - Family care of impaired elderly: a role theory approach. AB - To understand the behaviour of family members who take care of their impaired parents, a role theoretical model is presented. The model defines three dimensions of human behaviour for assessing the behaviour of role-incumbents. These three dimensions are indicated by the questions: What should be done? What is one willing to do? What can be done? This heuristic model is applied to the caring behaviour of adult children towards their impaired parents. Within each dimension a number of variables are specified and for each of them the scattered research findings of many recent studies in this area have been summarized and integrated. It seems justified to consider the model a useful guide for future research on family care of the elderly. PMID- 3503691 TI - Mental impairment of elderly hospitalized hip fracture patients. AB - Mental impairment recorded at admission, following surgery and at discharge was assessed by studying the hospital records of 98 community residing persons, 60 years and older (mean age 76.2), hospitalized for a hip fracture and discharged alive. Of the total sample, the proportion mentally impaired following surgery was 33%. In a subsample of 74 patients for whom data were known at admission and after surgery, 15% were identified as persistently mentally impaired at admission and post-surgery, 26% were impaired only post-surgically and 59% had no recorded impairment either at admission or after surgery. Length of hospitalization (LOS) differed significantly among these three impairment groups, with persistently impaired having significantly longer stays (mean number of days = 53) than the never impaired (mean number of days = 24) and the newly impaired (mean number of days = 38) falling in between (p less than 0.005). Mental impairment continued to exhibit a significant and independent relationship with length of stay even when age and total diagnoses were held constant. The substantial prevalence of mental impairment during hospitalization, coupled with the increased length of stay in patients exhibiting impairment persisting from time of admission or newly evident after surgery, underscore the importance of mental status for recovery. Findings suggest that assessing the progression of mental impairment over the course of a hospital stay yields more accurate information about the relationship of mental status to recovery indicators and that accurate assessment of impairment at admission identifies a patient group at high risk for increased lengths of stay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503692 TI - Nerve-dependent accumulation of myosin light chain 3 in developing limb musculature. AB - Myosin alkali light chain accumulation in developing quail limb musculature has been analysed on immunoblots using a monoclonal antibody which recognizes an epitope common to fast myosin light chain 1 (MLC1f) and fast myosin light chain 3 (MLC3f). The limb muscle of early embryos (i.e. up to day 10 in ovo) has a MLC profile similar to that observed in myotubes cultured in vitro; although MLC1f is abundant, MLC3f cannot be detected. MLC3f is first detected in 11-day embryos. To determine whether this alteration in MLC3f accumulation is nerve or hormone dependent, limb buds with and without neural tube were cultured as grafts on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick hosts. Although differentiated muscle develops in both aneural and innervated grafts, innervated grafts contain approximately three times as much myosin as aneural grafts. More significantly, although aneural grafts reproducibly accumulate normal levels of MLC1f, they fail to accumulate detectable levels of MLC3f. In contrast, innervated grafts accumulate both MLC1f and MLC3f, suggesting that the presence of neural tube in the graft promotes the maturation, as well as the growth, of muscle tissue. This is the first positive demonstration that innervation is necessary for the accumulation of MLC3f that occurs during normal limb development in vivo. PMID- 3503693 TI - Recognition of position-specific properties of tectal cell membranes by retinal axons in vitro. AB - In order to test the preference of growing axons for membrane-associated positional specificity a new in vitro assay was developed. In this assay, membrane fragments of two different sources are arranged as a carpet of very narrow alternating strips. Axons growing on such striped carpets are simultaneously confronted with the two substrates at the stripe borders. If there is a preference of axons for one or the other substrate they become oriented by the stripes and grow within the lanes of the preferred substrate. Such preferential growth could, in principle, be due to affinity to attractive factors on the preferred stripes or avoidance of repulsive factors on the alternate stripes. This assay system was used to investigate growth of chick retinal axons on tectal membranes. Tissue strips cut from various areas of the retina were explanted and the extending axons were confronted with stripes of cell membranes from various areas within the optic tectum. Tectal cell membranes prove to be an excellent substrate for the growth of retinal axons. Nasal and temporal axons can grow well on membranes of both posterior and anterior tectal cells. If, however, temporal axons are given a choice and encounter the border between anterior and posterior membranes they show a marked preference for growth on membranes of the anterior tectum, their natural target area. Nasal axons do not show a preference in this assay system. The transition from nasal to temporal properties within the retina is abrupt. In contrast, the transition from anterior to posterior properties of the tectal cell membranes occurs as a smooth gradient. Significantly, the positional differences of tectal membrane properties are only seen during the period of development of the retinotectal projection and are independent of tectal innervation by retinal axons. These anterior-posterior differences disappear by embryonic day 14. PMID- 3503694 TI - Immunologically unique and common domains within a family of proteins related to the retina Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule, NcalCAM. AB - Rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised to gp90, a fragment of the embryonic chick neural retina Ca2+-dependent adhesive molecule, gp130, recognize gp130 and inhibit Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion. When tested against a panel of 10-day embryonic tissues, one of these antisera recognizes a component with a molecular weight identical to that of gp130 in embryonic chick cerebrum, optic lobe, hind brain, spinal cord and neural retina only; the second antiserum recognizes a similar component in all of the embryonic chick tissues tested. These data imply the existence of an extended family of closely related cell surface components with immunologically distinct subgroups each of which may mediate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion. As the term CAM, or cell adhesion molecule, has become common usage we propose to refer to these molecules as calCAMs, reflecting their calcium dependence. Analysis of fragments and endoglycosidase digests of NcalCAM have allowed a comparison of its structure with similar molecules from different tissues and species that have been implicated in Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion. PMID- 3503695 TI - Differential expression of a muscle actin gene in muscle cell lineages of ascidian embryos. AB - Specific probes were used to examine the accumulation of muscle actin mRNA during embryonic development of the ascidian Styela. Clones of a muscle actin gene were obtained from an adult mantle cDNA library. Four lines of evidence indicate that these clones correspond to a muscle actin gene. First, their coding regions share 11 of 14 diagnostic amino acid positions with mammalian smooth and skeletal muscle actins. Second, subclones that contain only the 3' noncoding region of the gene select mRNA coding for muscle actin, while subclones that include the coding region of the gene select mRNA coding for muscle and nonmuscle actins. Third, a probe that contains only the 3' noncoding region detects a single band, corresponding to a 2 kb transcript, while a probe that includes the coding region detects the 2 kb transcript and at least one other band, presumably a cytoplasmic actin transcript. Fourth, the 3' noncoding region probe detects transcripts only in muscle cells and their precursors, while the coding region probe detects transcripts in muscle and nonmuscle cells. The muscle actin transcript is present at very low levels in eggs and early embryos, begins to accumulate between the early gastrula and tailbud stages, and by the tadpole stage attains a level about 25-fold higher than in the egg. In situ hybridization showed that embryonic muscle actin transcripts are restricted to the muscle cell lineages. These transcripts were initially observed in primary muscle lineage cells (descendants of the B4.1 blastomeres) at the early gastrula stage and continued to be present in these cells throughout embryonic development. In contrast, muscle actin transcripts did not appear in secondary muscle lineage cells (descendants of b4.2 and A4.1 blastomeres) until the mid-tailbud stage, and were not detected in mesenchyme cells, the presumptive adult muscle cell precursors, at any time during embryonic development. The results suggest that muscle actin gene expression is subject to spatial and temporal regulation in the muscle cell lineages. PMID- 3503696 TI - Exogenous basement-membrane-like matrix stimulates adrenergic development in avian neural crest cultures. AB - The development of quail trunk neural crest cultures was dramatically altered when the cultures were overlaid with a gel of reconstituted basement membrane (RBM) components derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma. In the presence of the RBM gel overlay, the number of catecholamine-positive (CA+) cells that developed was increased 50-fold, while the final number of melanocytes and total cells was only half that seen in the control cultures. The presence of the RBM gel overlay did not alter the time of onset of differentiation of the CA+ cells or melanocytes. The stimulation of CA+ cell number was not observed with type IV collagen substrates, laminin substrates or type I collagen gel overlays with or without added laminin. The stimulation of CA+ cell development was dependent on initial plating density. The number of CA+ cells that developed in the presence of the RBM gel was proportional to the initial plating density at 80-320 cells mm 2, whereas no CA+ cells were observed below 20 cells mm-2 and only a few CA+ cells were detected at 40 cells mm-2. There was, however, extensive cell division and differentiation of melanocytes and unpigmented cells at the lower initial plating densities. When the RBM gel was used as a substrate, rather than as an overlay, a striking rearrangement of cells into interconnected strands was observed. After several days in culture, melanocytes, CA+ cells and unpigmented cells were present in these strands. These results indicate that molecules associated with a reconstituted basement-membrane-like matrix are a potent stimulatory influence on adrenergic development and also act to inhibit the production of other cell types in neural crest cultures. PMID- 3503697 TI - Regulation of human IGF-II transcription in fetal and adult tissues. AB - The insulin-like growth factors are single-chain polypeptides which promote cell multiplication in vitro. Their role in mammalian development is uncertain, although they have been implicated as modulators of cell growth and differentiation. We present evidence that the human IGF-II gene has at least two promoters, and their expression may be developmentally controlled in the liver. Most of the IGF-II transcripts in the fetal organs examined are derived from a promoter which is different to that used for most adult liver IGF-II mRNAs. Steady-state levels of IGF-II transcripts are seen to be dramatically reduced in organs of adult rather than fetal origin. This observation is apparently not linked to promoter usage and therefore suggests a second level of transcriptional control. In addition, we show that an alternative splicing event at an intron/exon boundary, which results in an mRNA with an altered coding potential, is not developmentally regulated. This variant IGF-II mRNA is coexpressed with the major species of IGF-II at a low, but constant, ratio in all fetal and adult organs examined. PMID- 3503698 TI - The minor haemoglobins of primitive and definitive erythrocytes of the chicken embryo. Evidence for haemoglobin L. AB - A new minor haemoglobin, L, was isolated from the haemolysates of chicken embryos more than 7 days old. Electrophoresis in denaturing conditions and tryptic peptide maps of the globins show that the beta-like globin of HbL is identical to that of the minor haemoglobin H(beta H) while the alpha-like globin is very similar to that of the adult haemoglobin D (alpha D). HbL completes the description of the map of the minor chicken haemoglobins during embryonic development. In early embryos two minor haemoglobins, M and E, are produced which have the same beta-like globin (epsilon) and differ in their alpha-like globins (alpha D and alpha A, respectively). The same two alpha-like globins will make up the minor haemoglobins of the late embryo, L and H, which differ from HbM and HbE on account of their beta-like globin (beta H). The native tetramers L and M are hard to distinguish from each other. However the constituent epsilon globin can be easily separated from beta H by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in formic acid. With this method we found that the switch of the minor haemoglobins in the blood of chicken embryos starts at the 7th incubation day. The two red cell populations, primitive and definitive, present in the blood of 7-day-old embryos were separated on an albumin gradient and their minor haemoglobins analysed. The haemoglobin couple M/E was found in the primitive erythroid cells whereas the L/H couple was found in the definitive ones. The disappearance of the early haemoglobin couple and its substitution by the late one during embryonic development correlates with the replacement of erythroid lines in the blood. PMID- 3503699 TI - Abnormally high variability in the uncrossed retinofugal pathway of mice with albino mosaicism. AB - Female mice showing albino mosaicism due to an X-autosome translocation [Is(In7;X)Ct] have been studied in order to investigate the relationship between the distribution of melanin and the formation, early in development, of the abnormally small uncrossed retinofugal pathway characteristically found in all albino mammals. Earlier evidence indicates that cells normally bearing melanin play a role in producing the abnormality. In the mosaic mice, the albino gene is expressed in only about half of the cells due to random X-inactivation and the patches of normal and albino cells are extremely small relative to total retinal size (less than 1/50). We argued that if all the cells that would normally bear melanin play a role in producing the albino abnormality then the mosaic mice would have a pathway abnormality, about half the size of that in the albino mice. If, however, only a small patch of these cells plays a role, as has been proposed in earlier studies, then one would expect the size of the uncrossed pathway to be highly variable in the mosaic mice. The size of the uncrossed pathway was assessed by placing horseradish peroxidase in the region of the optic tract and lateral geniculate nucleus unilaterally and then counting the number of retrogradely labelled retinal ganglion cells on the same side. The mosaic mice showed a highly variable uncrossed pathway. In some of the mosaic mice, it was the same size as in the albinos and, in others, it was the same size as in normally pigmented mice. Surprisingly, in a small number of mosaic mice, the uncrossed pathway was larger than normal. Whether this relatively rare occurrence of a supernormal uncrossed pathway is due to the higher gene dosage or to the translocation itself remains an open question. PMID- 3503700 TI - The effects of tectal lesion on the survival of isthmic neurones in Xenopus. AB - The isthmic nucleus (IN) is a visual relay centre of the frog brain. It receives afferent projection from the optic tectum of the same side and projects bilaterally to both tecta. In young postmetamorphic Xenopus frogs, the survival of neurones in the IN on both sides was studied following the complete removal of the right tectum. In 6- to 8-week-old frogs, the right tectum was surgically removed and the operated animals allowed to survive for 1 to 13 weeks after operation. In selected animals, 3 days before the intended sacrifice, the postoptic commissure was transected and the cut isthmotectal fibres filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In serial paraffin sections of the midbrain, the numbers of surviving and dying (pyknotic) neurones in the left and right IN were counted. The soma size of viable isthmic neurones and the volume of both IN were measured. Pyknotic neurones were seen between 1 and 6 weeks after operation in both the left and right IN, although the rate of cell loss was much greater in the latter. Virtually all the neurones of the right IN degenerated by 6 weeks after tectal ablation. In contrast, approximately 60% of neurones of the left IN survived. HRP histochemistry showed labelled isthmic neurones both in the left and right IN up to 3 weeks after operation. Thereafter, HRP-labelled neurones appeared only in the left IN. These observations indicate that the removal of the natural target of isthmic neurones brings about severe neurone death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503701 TI - Patterns of mRNA prevalence and expression of B1 and B2 transcripts in early mouse embryos. AB - Considerable evidence indicates that the 2-cell stage is a critical period of mouse embryo development when a transition from maternal to zygotic genomic control takes place. The overall changes in the structure of the mRNA population as a result of this transition were explored using a random cDNA library of 69 clones derived from late 2-cell embryos. The prevalence of the cloned sequences was analysed by dot hybridization of the cDNA clones with labelled cDNA probes synthesized to poly(A)+ RNA from different stages of development from 1-cell through blastocyst. The number of copies of individual transcripts was quantitatively estimated by comparison to standard clones of known prevalence. About one half of the transcripts that gave a measurable reaction at the 2-cell and later stages were not represented detectably in egg RNA, suggesting that a large set of zygote-specific genes not included in the maternal gene set becomes transcriptionally active in the 2-cell embryo. Six of the cDNA clones represented B1 and B2 repeat sequences. As measured by hybridization with labelled cDNA, B1 and B2 transcripts were abundantly expressed throughout cleavage, being represented by about 10(5) to 10(6) copies per embryo. However, the developmental pattern of prevalence was different for the two transcripts suggesting that their expression is regulated independently. The results of this study corroborate previous evidence derived from protein synthetic patterns and in vitro translation experiments that a major qualitative shift in the mRNA population occurs in the 2-cell embryo. PMID- 3503702 TI - The organization of mesodermal pattern in Xenopus laevis: experiments using a Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor. AB - In this paper, we study the mechanism by which a Xenopus cell line-derived mesoderm-inducing factor (MIF) might establish the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation in the mesoderm. The effects of the factor on competent animal pole tissue are consistent with it being identical to the natural mesoderm inducing factor. The signal can only act on those membrane domains of the animal pole that face the blastocoel, but it can be stably recorded there, such that axial mesoderm is formed, after 15 min exposure or less. This exposure can end some hours, or several cell cycles, before the onset of RNA synthesis yet nevertheless be fully effective, although competence to respond also extends well after the onset of transcription. Exposure of the entire blastocoel lining of intact embryos to MIF causes a synchronous and sudden transformation of the behaviour and adhesive properties of all inner animal cap cells. This transformation mimics and is contemporaneous with the involution behaviour of normal mesoderm in the early gastrula marginal zone. Although high concentrations of MIF totally disorganize gastrulation, lower concentrations permit gastrulation to proceed. However, the pattern of mesoderm in these embryos is disrupted and ectopic mesoderm is formed around the blastocoel remnant. When MIF is injected directly into blastomeres, rather than into the blastocoel, it has no effect. This suggests that the molecule is secreted from source cells and affects target cells through an extracellular receptor. Finally, we show that small pieces of animal pole tissue recently exposed to MIF go on to produce morphogenetic signals perhaps distinct from MIF. We discuss the role of these signals in establishing and modifying the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation in the mesoderm of Xenopus. PMID- 3503703 TI - Avoidance of posterior tectal membranes by temporal retinal axons. AB - Membrane carpets consisting of alternating membrane stripes were prepared from plasma membranes of anterior and posterior chick optic tectum. Axons from retinal explants extend neurites on these carpets. Axons of the nasal retina do not distinguish between the stripes. Axons of the temporal retina prefer to extend neurites on anterior tectal membranes. Treatment of the membrane fragments with high temperature interferes with the pattern of neurite outgrowth from temporal axons. When growing on carpets consisting of treated anterior and posterior tectal membranes, temporal retinal axons no longer distinguish between the stripes. Treatment of posterior membranes alone is sufficient to abolish the preference of temporal axons to extend neurites on anterior tectal membranes. Treatment of the anterior membranes alone has no effect. This result is best explained by a repulsive component in the posterior tectal membranes. Temporal, but not nasal, axons specifically recognize and avoid that component, with the result that they do not extend neurites on posterior tectal membrane stripes. Once the repulsive component is destroyed, temporal axons are able to extend neurites on posterior tectal membranes. PMID- 3503704 TI - Nuclear cytoplasmic interactions following nuclear transplantation in mouse embryos. AB - We have investigated the development of reconstituted embryos in which enucleated 1- or 2-cell embryos received various advanced nuclei. Enucleated 1-cells developed to the blastocyst stage only when an early 2-cell donor nucleus was transferred but very rarely if the donor nucleus was derived from a late 2-cell, early 4-cell or mid 8-cell embryo. Although an 8-cell nucleus could only support development of an enucleated zygote to the 2-cell stage, it did express the hsp 68/70 X 10(3) Mr proteins that are characteristic of the first embryonic gene activity. These polypeptides were absent in enucleated zygotes that did not receive a donor nucleus. Moreover, an 8-cell nucleus transferred to an enucleated late 2-cell blastomere could also support preimplantation development provided that the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio was maintained as in intact 2-cell blastomeres. 8-cell nuclei transferred to zygotes that retained at least one pronucleus were able to support development to the blastocyst stage provided that the pronucleus was both fully transcriptionally active and present beyond the late 1-cell stage. This study suggests an active and continued helper role of the resident pronucleus for the participation by an 8-cell nucleus in reconstituted eggs. PMID- 3503706 TI - The mammalian Y chromosome: molecular search for the sex-determining factor. PMID- 3503705 TI - The use of an inhibitor of protein synthesis to investigate the roles of ecdysteroids and sex-determination genes on the expression of the genes encoding the Drosophila yolk proteins. AB - The three yolk-protein genes of Drosophila are normally expressed only in adult female fat bodies and ovaries. 20-hydroxyecdysone can affect the transcription of these genes in males and females, as can mutations in the sex-determining genes tra, tra-2, ix and dsx. We have asked a number of basic questions about how these genes are regulated, using an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide), labelling RNA in vivo, a temperature-sensitive sex-determination mutant (tra 2ts1), and 20-hydroxyecdysone. We have found that the yolk-protein genes are continuously transcribed in the fat bodies of adult females and that maintenance of this transcription requires protein synthesis. Hormone induction in males is also inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that the products of other genes are essential both for 20-hydroxyecdysone to be able to switch on the genes, and for their continuous transcription in the female fat body. The products of the tra-2 gene are also required for continuous transcription of the yolk-protein genes, suggesting that the pathway inhibited by the cycloheximide is that of the sex determination hierarchy. 20-hydroxyecdysone can override the sex-determination system and induce yolk protein synthesis in normal males and tra-2ts reared and maintained at the restrictive temperature. PMID- 3503707 TI - Telomeres of the human X and Y chromosomes. AB - Analysis of the nature of the DNA sequences at the telomeres of the short arms of the human sex chromosomes suggests parallels with the structures found at telomeres of a number of lower eukaryotes. The exact nature of the end of the DNA has not yet been established but it is clear that there are multiple levels of variability both between and within individuals in this region of the genome. PMID- 3503709 TI - Pseudoautosomal genes in man. AB - MIC2, which encodes the 12E7 antigen, is the only well-defined pseudoautosomal gene in man. We have isolated cDNA and genomic sequences corresponding to MIC2 and have produced monoclonal antibodies reacting with the 12E7 antigen. These molecular tools have been used to investigate the genetics and biochemistry of the MIC2 system. Recent results suggest that MIC2 is the most proximal of the currently defined pseudoautosomal markers and that the escape of MIC2 from X inactivation may be intrinsic to an associated HTF island found at the 5' end of the gene. Investigation of the inter-relationship between MIC2 and the XG locus has led us to postulate the existence of a second pseudoautosomal gene in man. PMID- 3503708 TI - Mapping the mouse X chromosome: possible symmetry in the location of a family of sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. AB - Major advances in our knowledge of the genetic organization of the mouse X chromosome have been obtained by the use of interspecific crosses involving Mus spretus-derived strains. This system has been used to study sequences detected by three probes 80Y/B, 302Y/B and 371Y/B isolated from a mouse Y-chromosome library which have been shown to recognize both male-female common and male-female differential sequences. These patterns are due to the presence of a family of cross-reacting sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. Detailed genetic analysis of the localization of the X-chromosome-specific sequences using both a somatic cell hybrid panel and an interspecific mouse cross has revealed the presence of at least three discrete clusters of loci (X-Y)A, (X-Y)B and (X-Y)C. Two of these clusters, (X-Y)B and (X-Y)C, lie distally on the mouse X chromosome, the other cluster (X-Y)A being situated close to the centromere. In situ hybridization shows a striking symmetry in the localization of the major sequences on both the X and Y chromosomes detected by these probes, hybridization being preferentially localized to a subcentromeric and subtelomeric region on each chromosome. This striking localization symmetry between the X and Y chromosome sequences is discussed in terms of the extensive pairing of the X-Y chromosomes noted during meiosis. PMID- 3503710 TI - Identification of incomplete coding sequences for steroid sulphatase on the human Y chromosome: evidence for an ancestral pseudoautosomal gene? AB - A cDNA clone (p422) containing about 200bp of coding sequences for steroid sulphatase (STS) has been isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library by antibody screening and has been assigned by mapping with a somatic cell hybrid panel and by in situ hybridization to Xp22.3; a localization coincident with the previously identified locus for STS expression. Although no significant hybridization of this clone to the Y chromosome was observed, p422 has been used to isolate a longer cDNA clone and genomic sequences which do recognize Y specific restriction fragments. An abbreviated STS gene has been localized to Yq11.2. The coding sequences for the human enzyme shows little homology to sequences in mice. PMID- 3503711 TI - The role of the mammalian Y chromosome in spermatogenesis. AB - All aspects of the mammalian male phenotype are due either directly or indirectly to Y-chromosome activity. This review summarizes what is known of the role of the Y in male germ cell differentiation in the mouse. The initial diversion of germ cells to the male pathway in fetal life (that is the formation of amitotic T1 prospermatogonia rather than meiotic oocytes) is an indirect effect of the Y: the Y-chromosomal testis-determining gene (Tdy) acts to create a testis and the testicular environment causes the germ cells to follow the male pathway. XX and XO germ cells can therefore form T1-prospermatogonia, but the extra X of XX prospermatogonia in some way causes their death perinatally. The first direct effect of the Y in the germ line occurs at the initiation of the spermatogenic cycles (approx. 1 week after birth) when a Y-chromosomal gene (Spy) is needed for normal spermatogonial survival and progression to meiosis. Spy is present in the Y-derived Sxr fragment so XOSxr germ cells enter meiosis normally. An Sxr derivative, Sxr', which has lost the capacity to produce H-Y antigen, has also lost the Spy function, raising the possibility that H-Y antigen is the mediator of Spy activity. The Y is next required in the male germ line during meiotic prophase, when it provides a pairing partner for the X chromosome. If the X (or, indeed, the Y when present) remains unpaired, there are severe spermatogenic losses and the second meiotic division is frequently omitted, leading to the formation of diploid spermatids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503712 TI - The use of Y-chromosome-specific repeated DNA sequences in the analysis of testis development in an XX/XY mouse. AB - A study, by means of Y-chromosome-specific repeated DNA probes, of mouse (ST) with small testes is reviewed. Mouse ST was shown to be a somatic mosaic of 10% XY and 90% XX cells. The cellular composition of the azoospermic testis reflected the overall proportions of XX and XY cells but it was found that XY cells predominated in the Sertoli cells of the testis tubules. These findings have been interpreted to indicate a fundamental role for the Sertoli cell in inducing testis organization in the indifferent gonadal rudiment, involving the expression of the Y chromosome. PMID- 3503713 TI - Hypothesis: a Y-chromosomal gene causes gonadoblastoma in dysgenetic gonads. AB - The role of the human Y chromosome in the etiology of gonadoblastoma, a gonadal neoplasm, is considered and a two-part model is presented. According to this hypothesis: (1) There is a gene on the Y chromosome that strongly predisposes dysgenetic gonads to develop gonadoblastomas (Page, 1986) and (2) this postulated GBY gene (GonadoBlastoma locus on Y chromosome) has some physiological function in normal males. GBY may, for example, function in or prior to spermatogenesis in normal testes. Y-DNA hybridization analysis of individuals with gonadoblastoma and partial deletions of the Y chromosome should be of use in testing this proposal. To date, such studies suggest that GBY maps to the region that includes deletion intervals 4B to 7, i.e. it is located near the centromere or on the long arm of the Y chromosome. PMID- 3503714 TI - Mapping the H-Y gene. AB - This paper uses cytotoxic and proliferative T cell clones specific for H-Y and restricted by MHC molecules to type mice and humans inheriting incomplete portions of the Y chromosome. The data have allowed us to map the H-Y antigen gene Hya in mouse to a position closely linked with, but separable from, Tdy on the Sxr fragment and thus presumably to a position of the normal mouse Y chromosome near the centromere. The human H-Y gene maps between deletion intervals 4B and 7, separate from TDF which is on interval 1. We are currently testing cells from a number of additional patients who have inherited different portions of the Y chromosome to pinpoint the mapping more closely. It is of interest that in mouse a Y-linked gene controlling spermatogenesis (Spy) maps near Hya on the Sxr fragment: they could be the same or closely linked genes. In man, a gene controlling spermatogenesis maps to Yq and the data so far do not exclude that it could be coincident with the H-Y gene. PMID- 3503715 TI - Evidence for the presence of testicular tissue and Sxs antigen in the absence of Y-derived sequences. AB - Eleven XX males and seven XX true hermaphrodites have been tested for the presence of Y-derived DNA sequences using six different probes. All eleven XX males were positive with at least one of the probes but none of the seven true hermaphrodites could be shown to possess any Y-DNA. Using a new sensitive test for serologically sex-specific (Sxs) antigen, we found that, despite their apparent lack of Y-DNA, the XX true hermaphrodites were positive for their expression of the Sxs antigen. PMID- 3503716 TI - The use of specific DNA probes to analyse the Sxr mutation in the mouse. AB - The mouse Y chromosome plays a fundamental role in the control of primary sex determination and fertility. Both genetic and molecular biological evidence has shown that much of the necessary information is contained in a minute piece of the Y (the Sxr region) which has arisen by a duplication of the pericentric region of the normal Y and the transposition of one copy to the distal pseudoautosomal region. The present article describes the isolation of random Y chromosome probes and their use to investigate this Sxr region at the molecular level. Total mouse Y-chromosome libraries were constructed from flow-sorted material and a Sxr regional library after specific microdissection and cloning. Transcription has been detected in the testis using both Sxr-specific and non Sxr located genomic probes taken from these libraries. In addition, we have been able to confirm the presence of an active steroid sulphatase gene on the mouse Y. This gene is located in the distal portion of the pseudoautosomal region and is tightly linked to Sxr. Finally, using an Sxr-specific probe we can define multiple Y-chromosome haplotypes in the mouse showing that the region is evolving very rapidly. PMID- 3503717 TI - Testis-specific transcripts detected by a human Y-DNA-derived probe. AB - A genomic sequence (12f3), derived from the long arm of the human Y chromosome, detects a 1.6 kb mRNA, expressed in human and mouse testis, but not in other tissues tested by Northern blot analysis. Using 12f3 as a probe, a mouse cDNA, designated PL5, was isolated from an adult mouse testis cDNA library. The profile obtained by Southern blot analysis using PL5 as probe under high-stringency conditions, reveals that 12f3 probably represents a Y-located pseudogene which was derived from an autosomally located gene. Southern blot analysis of different vertebrate species, using probe PL5, shows that this gene has been highly conserved during evolution. Preliminary in situ hybridizations on testis tissue sections indicate that PL5 is expressed during the postmeiotic stages of male germ cell differentiation and thus may play a role during spermatogenesis. A second cDNA, also obtained from the testis cDNA library, weakly cross-reacts with 12f3. This cDNA, designated PL10, detects a mRNA of approximately 4 kb which is highly expressed in mouse testis, but not in male or female mouse liver. The gene corresponding to this cDNA is also well conserved among vertebrates. PMID- 3503718 TI - The mammalian Y chromosome: molecular search for the sex-determining gene- summary and perspectives. AB - Other presentations to this symposium have indicated that the search at the molecular level for the pivotal regulatory, or structural, gene responsible for determining the development of the undifferentiated gonad has been joined in earnest. It is also clear that genes on the Y chromosome are involved in processes other than primary determination of the testis. In this summary, we will review briefly 'the molecular search for the sex-determining gene' and consider the approaches that are available and the achievements that have been made in the areas relevant to an understanding of the roles and significance of other Y-located genes. The availability of molecular and physical mapping data also allow an examination of the evolutionary relationship of the mammalian X and Y chromosomes and a consideration of the possible homologies between the human and mouse Y chromosomes. PMID- 3503719 TI - Sex determination in mice: Y and chromosome 17 interactions. AB - Mice provide material for studies of Y-chromosomal and autosomal sequences involved in sex determination. Eicher and coworkers have identified four subregions in the mouse Y chromosome, one of which corresponds to the Sxr fragment. This fragment demonstrates that only a small portion of the Y is necessary for male sex determination. The mouse Y chromosome also shows variants: the BALB/cWt Y chromosome, which causes nondisjunction of the Y in some germ cells leading to XO and XYY cells and resulting in many infertile true hermaphrodites; the YDom, a wild-type chromosome which can result in sex reversal on a C57BL/6J background; and Y-chromosomal variants detected with Y-derived genomic DNA clones among inbred strains. Two different autosomal loci affecting sex differentiation have been identified in the mouse by Eicher and coworkers. The first of these has not been mapped to a particular chromosome and has been designated Tda-1 (Testis-determining autosomal-1). This is the locus in C57BL/6J mice at which animals must be homozygous in order to develop as true hermaphrodites or sex-reversed animals in the presence of YDom. The other locus has been identified on proximal chromosome 17. This locus also caused hermaphrodites on the C57BL/6J background and it is most easily interpreted as a locus deleted in Thp. It is located in a region on chromosome 17 containing other genes or DNA sequences that may be related to sex determination. These include both the Hye (histocompatibility Y expression) locus that affects the amount of male-specific antigen detected by serological and cell-mediated assays and a concentration of Bkm sequences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503720 TI - The Y-chromosomal and autosomal testis-determining genes. AB - It has been conclusively shown that a majority of XX males has acquired Y chromosome-specific DNA (Y-DNA) sequences from their father's Y chromosome. Testicular differentiation in these XX males is very likely induced by the testis determining factor, TDF, normally located on Yp. The phenotypic expression of TDF in the presence of two X chromosomes is a male habitus, dysgenetic scrotal testes and no ambiguity of the genitalia. Among those XX males who do not have Y-DNA detectable by presently used methods, some, but not all, have ambiguity of the genitalia with or without hypospadias. XX true hermaphrodites are characterized by the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissue and have ambiguous genitalia. They do not have Y-DNA. Several instances of familial XX maleness are critically analysed. In these pedigrees, most of the affected individuals are true hermaphrodites or XX males with ambiguous genitalia; in at least one family no Y-DNA occurred in these individuals. Typical autosomal dominant inheritance of XX testicular differentiation occurs in informative pedigrees. The suggested conclusion is that an autosomal dominant testis-determining factor, TDFA, exists. TDFA shows somewhat variable expression in XX individuals often causing genital ambiguity or true hermaphrodism. TDFA has no phenotypic effect on XY individuals. It is argued that XX males without presently detectable Y-DNA are caused either by TDF or TDFA. PMID- 3503721 TI - Ordering of Y-specific sequences by deletion mapping and analysis of X-Y interchange males and females. AB - We have used DNA from 23 patients with Y-chromosome aberrations and 25 patients with presumptive X-Y interchange to map 39 Yp restriction fragments and 37 Yq restriction fragments. In the majority of patients the results are consistent with a standard contiguous order of sequences along the Y chromosome. In 6 of 26 patients (23%) with Yp aberrations and 2 of 17 (12%) with Yq aberrations, exceptions to the consensus order have been observed. These can be accommodated by postulating the presence of inversion polymorphisms. Such variation may occur more commonly on the nonpairing part of the Y chromosome that in other chromosomes owing to the absence of homologous synapsis and recombination in male meiosis. The Y sequence most frequently present in X-Y interchange males was that recognized by GMGY3. 18 of 19 X-Y interchange males had this sequence suggesting that it is the nearest in the series to the TDF locus, and indicating that the latter maps to the distal end of Yp. Several techniques, including in situ hybridization and DNA measurement by flow cytometry, have been used to demonstrate that in X-Y interchange males there is transfer of Y sequences to the distal end of the X chromosome; no mechanism other than X-Y interchange has been demonstrated. PMID- 3503722 TI - Primary sex determination in the nematode C. elegans. AB - Most nematodes have XO male/XX female sex determination. C. elegans is anomalous, having XX hermaphrodites rather than females. The hermaphrodite condition appears to result from the modification of a basic male/female sex-determination system, which permits both spermatogenesis and oogenesis to occur within a female soma. This modification is achieved by a germ-line-specific control acting at one step in a cascade of autosomal regulatory genes, which respond to X-chromosome dosage and direct male, female, or hermaphrodite development. Mutations of one of these genes can be used to construct artificial strains with ZZ male/WZ female sex determination. Primary sex determination normally depends on the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes, as in Drosophila, and there appear to be multiple sites on the X chromosome that contribute to this ratio. Also, as in Drosophila, X chromosome expression is compensated to equalize gene activity in XX and XO animals. Interactions between dosage compensation and sex determination are described and discussed. PMID- 3503723 TI - Mapping of testis-determining locus on Yp by the molecular genetic analysis of XX males and XY females. AB - Sex reversal in males with female karyotypes is likely to be caused by the presence of cytogenetically undetectable Y-chromosomal DNA sequences that include the testis-determining gene(s). Studying a total of sixteen 46,XX males and one 47,XXX male, we detected Y-chromosomal DNA in 13 of the XX males (i.e. 80%) and in the 47,XXX male. The amount of Y-chromosomal DNA present in the patients varied between individuals. This allowed the construction of a molecular map of the Y-chromosome short arm. The putative testis-determining locus was assigned to the more distal portion of Yp, yet proximal to the pseudoautosomal region. Mapping of the testis-determining locus was complemented by molecular findings in 46,XY females. These individuals may carry microdeletions of the portion of Yp that appears to be required for normal male gonadogenesis. The deletions detected in 46,XY females always included those Y-chromosomal DNA sequences that were found in most 46,XX males. Furthermore, the same DNA sequences were missing in a female with a 46,X,dic(Y) karyotype. The observations suggest that some of our DNA probes hybridize with Y-chromosomal DNA sequences within a few million base pairs of the testis locus. Chromosome walking and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis investigations have been initiated in order to isolate those Y chromosomal DNA sequences that are required for normal testicular development. PMID- 3503724 TI - Genetic analysis of the human Y chromosome by chromosome-mediated gene transfer. AB - Chromosome-mediated gene transfer (CMGT) can be used to segregate fragments of human chromosomes in human-rodent hybrid cells. As with all somatic cell genetics methods, a selection technique is needed to isolate the hybrid cell lines produced by CMGT. Expression of the MIC2 gene product on the cell surface (the 12E7 antigen) provides an endogenous selectable marker for the human Y chromosome. Using chromosome transfer followed by separation of 12E7 antigen positive cells on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, a series of cell lines containing segregated fragments of the Y chromosome have been derived. The possibility of using these fragments to derive fine structural mapping data for the Y chromosome is considered in this review. PMID- 3503725 TI - Normal and abnormal interchanges between the human X and Y chromosomes. AB - A single obligatory recombination event takes place at male meiosis in the tips of the X- and Y-chromosome short arms (i.e. the pseudoautosomal region). The crossover point is at variable locations and thus allows recombination mapping of the pseudoautosomal loci along a gradient of sex linkage. Recombination at male meiosis in the terminal regions of the short arms of the X and Y chromosomes is 10- to 20-fold higher than between the same regions of the X chromosomes during female meiosis. The human pseudoautosomal region is rich in highly polymorphic loci associated with minisatellites. However, these minisatellites are unrelated to those resembling the bacterial Chi sequence and which possibly represent recombination hotspots. The high recombination activity of the pseudoautosomal region at male meiosis sometimes results in unequal crossover which can generate various sex-reversal syndromes. PMID- 3503726 TI - Structure of repeated sequences in the centromeric region of the human Y chromosome. AB - Alphoid satellite DNA is a family of sequences with an approximately 170 bp periodicity which is found near the centromere of all human chromosomes. The structure of the human Y-chromosome alphoid DNA has been studied in two somatic cell hybrids, 3E7 and 853 (Tyler-Smith & Brown, 1987). The 170 bp alphoid subunits are tandemly repeated and are organized into units approximately 5.7 kb long. A few variant units on the 3E7 Y chromosome contain two extra 170 bp subunits and are approximately 6.0 kb long; the variant units are present in two clusters at least 90 kb apart on the chromosome. On each Y chromosome there is a single major block of alphoid DNA: on the 3E7 Y chromosome it is approximately 440 kb long and on the 853 Y chromosome it is approximately 540 kb long. A long range restriction map of the 853 block has been constructed covering approximately 1.1 mb of DNA. The distribution of restriction sites suggests that the sequences on one side of the alphoid block may be typical euchromatic DNA, while the sequences on the other side may be another satellite sequence. PMID- 3503727 TI - Clinical and laboratory comparison between minocycline and tinidazole as an adjunct to local therapy in treatment of refractory periodontitis. PMID- 3503728 TI - Midazolam versus butorphanol as local anaesthetic adjuncts in oral surgery. A clinical assessment. PMID- 3503729 TI - Reduced plaque formation by miswak-based mouthwash. PMID- 3503730 TI - The metabolism of dental plaque bacteria after storage in liquid nitrogen and dry ice. PMID- 3503732 TI - [Diagnostic methods for periodontal diseases--a critical appraisal and demands for the future]. PMID- 3503731 TI - Ultrastructural, histological and histochemical study of denture bearing mucosa of complete dentures with soft liner in diabetic patients. PMID- 3503733 TI - [Microbiology as a parameter in the diagnosis and the progression of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3503735 TI - Diagnosis and progression of periodontal disease: current status of bleeding as a diagnostic indicator. PMID- 3503734 TI - [Patterns of potential progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases]. PMID- 3503736 TI - [Clinical features and pathology of various forms of periodontitis]. PMID- 3503737 TI - [Prognostic indications for periodontal destruction (Summarizing overview)]. PMID- 3503738 TI - [The periodontally ill man]. PMID- 3503739 TI - [The CPITN as an aid in determining type and scope of treatment needs. A study of over 500 dental school clinic patients]. PMID- 3503740 TI - [Periodontal diseases and treatment needs of the population of Hamburg. An epidemiological study with 11305 probands]. PMID- 3503741 TI - [Surgical canalization of multirooted teeth--results 8 years after surgery]. PMID- 3503742 TI - [Effect of various orthodontic retention elements on the composition of subgingival microflora]. PMID- 3503743 TI - [Follow-up evaluations of neutrophilic granulocyte chemotaxis in patients with severe marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 3503744 TI - [Comparative microbiological study of bacterial flora in marginal and apical periodontic processes]. PMID- 3503746 TI - [Long-term results with unilateral bilaterally pedicled coronal sliding flap grafts]. PMID- 3503745 TI - [Plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper in patients with marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 3503747 TI - [Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity with hydroxylapatite]. PMID- 3503748 TI - [Follow-up study of the periodontal and mucogingival situation after surgical exposure of canines]. PMID- 3503749 TI - [Effects of root extrusion on mucogingival complex (Clinical biometric study)]. PMID- 3503750 TI - [Etiology of wedge-shaped defects]. PMID- 3503751 TI - [Gingival connective tissue on resorption of mechanically treated root surfaces]. PMID- 3503753 TI - Ontario's dental program for children in need of treatment. PMID- 3503752 TI - [Epidemiology of gingiva recession and potential accompanying clinical phenomena. Study of 2410 recruits between 18 and 20 years of age]. PMID- 3503754 TI - AIDS: oral manifestations and risk factors. PMID- 3503755 TI - An anatomical explantation for the infrequent occurrence of diplopia (double vision) following dental local anesthesia. PMID- 3503756 TI - Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint: a case report. PMID- 3503757 TI - Cracked tooth syndrome. PMID- 3503758 TI - Secondary aortoenteric fistulas--an analysis of 42 cases. AB - Secondary aortoenteric fistulas are seen with an increasing frequency which parallels the expansion of reconstructive vascular surgery. During a 12-year period 42 cases have been collected from the hospitals, which perform most of the vascular surgery in Sweden (0.7% of vascular operations). Twenty-five were seen after operation for aortic aneurysm, 15 for aortoiliac occlusive disease, one after renal artery ligation (as a part of reconstruction for renovascular hypertension) and one after operation for an iliac pseudoaneurysm. The frequency of complications during and after the primary operation was high. The interval between operation and onset of fistula symptoms was significantly shorter if there had been infectious complications, the median interval was 32 months, the longest being 10 years. The most important symptom was gastrointestinal haemorrhage, consisting of several small bleeds often combined with septic complications. A large number of negative investigations usually preceded the final diagnosis which was made at exploratory laparotomy. After surgery for the fistula the frequency of complications and mortality, were very high. Mortality was 58%, the most common cause of death being a blow out of the aortic stump. Of those leaving hospital, several further operations were performed with a high mortality. Recurrence of the fistula occurred in 16 out of 34 patients who survived surgery. At follow-up (12-74 months after fistula closure) seven patients were still alive. PMID- 3503759 TI - Multifactorial inheritance of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - The possible genetic predisposition to abdominal aortic aneurysm was investigated by recording the family history from 60 consecutive patients presenting for aneurysm repair. Twenty patients, age 63.2 +/- 9.3 years, had at least one first degree relative with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Thirty six patients, age 69.6 +/- 6.3 years, knew of no aortic aneurysm amongst first degree relatives and four patients could not give a full family history. A total of 25 among 320 first degree relatives (8%) or 14 amongst 192 siblings (7%) had an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Both the younger age of presentation (P less than 0.01) and the concentration of women amongst those with a positive family history argue for multifactorial inheritance of abdominal aortic aneurysm, with the genetic component calculated as approximately 70%. These same factors suggest that it might be worthwhile screening for aneurysmal disease the sibling smokers of female and younger male probands. PMID- 3503760 TI - Risk factors in asymptomatic patients with a carotid bruit. AB - A consecutive series of 369 asymptomatic patients with a carotid bruit was prospectively followed with Ocular Pneumoplethysmography (OPG). The aim of the study was to identify those patients most prone to cerebrovascular ischemia and/or progression of obstructive carotid disease. During follow-up 13 patients developed a stroke of which six were fatal (two thrombo-embolic and four haemorrhagic strokes). TIA's occurred in 15 patients, including eight patients with amaurosis fugax. TIA's occurred more frequently on the side of a haemodynamically significant stenosis (9% = 9/95) than on the side of a normal, OPG (2% = 6/274). There was no difference in the strokelocated side. The occurrence of symptoms and/or signs of cerebrovascular disease was 4% at two years and 10% at five years. The left hemisphere was affected twice as often as the right. The development of a haemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, according to OPG, was equal for the right and the left carotid arteries, being 18% at two years and 56% after 5 years of follow-up. The major risk factors for progression of obstructive disease were systolic blood pressure above 160 mmHg independent of age, diabetes mellitus and the presence of ischaemic heart and peripheral arterial obstructive disease. This study supports the contention that in a group of patients with an asymptomatic carotid bruit, a group of patients at risk from cerebrovascular accidents can be filtered out by a simple non-invasive test in combination with a complete physical examination. PMID- 3503761 TI - Bleeding through PTFE grafts. AB - There have been four cases in which there has been bleeding through PTFE grafts at the time of implantation. In each case the initial leaking through needle holes stopped completely within 5 mins. About 10 mins after the graft had been opened there appeared leaking through the interstices of the graft (without further bleeding at the needle holes). Protamine administration and topical application of haemostatic agents failed to arrest the process. In each case the bleeding gradually subsided over a period of 60 mins. In reviewing each of these cases no abnormality or unusual feature could be found to explain the bleeding encountered. Routine preoperative coagulation studies were normal. All grafts were handled according to manufacturer's recommendations. Portions of two of the grafts were analysed by light and electron microscopy and were in all ways similar to normal grafts. The etiology of this unusual complication has not been determined, but the process appears to be self-limited, stopping within an hour when it does occur. PMID- 3503762 TI - Arterial blood flow in deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs. AB - Calf blood flow was measured in 19 patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb using a mercury strain gauge. The affected limb had a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher blood flow (2.9 +/- 1.4 ml/min. 100 g of tissue) then the contralateral limb (2.3 +/- 1.2 ml/min. 100 g). Blood flow velocity in the common femoral artery measured with a pulsed Doppler ultrasound flowmeter in 13 patients was also significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the limb with DVT (6.6 +/- 2.8 cm/s) compared to the contralateral limb (5.3 +/- 3.0 cm/s). Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pif) was measured by the "wick-in needle" technique in the deep posterior compartment of the leg. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the limb with DVT (6.3 +/- 5.5 mmHg) compared to the contralateral limb (1.2 +/- 3.4 mmHg). PMID- 3503763 TI - The place of first rib resection in the management of axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis. AB - Eight patients with axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis were studied. Three presented acutely and five with chronic symptoms of pain and swelling exacerbated by and limiting normal use. Initial venography showed complete occlusion of the axillary vein in 7 cases and marked narrowing in the remaining patient. Venographic evidence of narrowing or occlusion was also seen in 6/8 clinically normal contralateral arms. One of these arms became symptomatic 2 years later, and required surgery. The patients presenting acutely were anticoagulated. Symptoms resolved slowly in 2 cases, but persisted in one. This patient and the five presenting chronic symptoms underwent decompression of the thoracic outlet by transaxillary resection of the first rib. Satisfactory decompression was confirmed at operation by eliciting and then abolishing "nipping" of the surgeon's finger between the first rib and the clavicle on abducting and then relaxing the arm. Symptomatic relief was achieved in 5/7 limbs thus treated (one patient had bilateral first rib resection). Although postoperative venographic improvement was seen in some cases, clinical success did not depend on recanalisation of the main axillary-subclavian vein. The two patients with persistent symptoms after first rib resection subsequently had venous bypass procedures. Despite initial patency, both had occluded with return of symptoms within 4 months. PMID- 3503764 TI - Intracerebral haemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy. AB - Among 662 consecutive carotid endarterectomies eight cases of postoperative ipsilateral intracerebral haemorrhage were identified, occurring into brain areas which, preoperatively were without infarction. As blood pressures across the stenosis were routinely measured during surgery, the internal carotid artery (ICA) perfusion pressure could be related to the occurrence of haemorrhage. In addition, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied with the intravenous xenon-133 technique in four patients and histopathologic examination of the brain was available in four patients who died subsequent to their haemorrhage. All eight patients had a high grade of ICA stenosis and a marked reduction of ICA perfusion pressure (average of 40%) which was significantly greater than that observed (average of 6%) in the other patients undergoing carotid surgery (P less than 0.0001). Relative hyperperfusion of the ipsilateral hemisphere was seen in the four patients studied postoperatively. In at least two cases the haematoma was preceded by an asymptomatic postoperative ischaemic infarct. Histologic examination did not confirm previous findings of changes resembling those seen in malignant hypertensive encephalopathy. These results substantiate the view, that patients at risk of haemorrhage after endarterectomy are those with a low preoperative cerebral perfusion pressure and postoperative hyperperfusion. Postoperative silent brain infarction is an additional risk factor. PMID- 3503765 TI - Management of early neurologic deficits after carotid thrombendarterectomy. AB - A neurologic deficit appearing during the early postoperative period after an interval following an otherwise successful carotid endarterectomy may be caused by thrombotic material formed in the carotid bifurcation. Our experience of immediate reoperation on eight such cases during a period of 2 years is reported in this paper. Thrombotic occlusion was found at reoperation in seven cases and a non-occluding thrombus in one case. Four of the patients were fully restored immediately after reoperation. In two cases good recovery but with some persisting symptoms was seen. One patient became hemiparetic with moderate restitution and one suffered a dense hemiplegia. We recommend an aggressive approach with immediate reoperation in these cases. PMID- 3503766 TI - Brachial artery aneurysm in a five-year-old girl. PMID- 3503767 TI - The success of in situ vein grafting: early results in comparison with the reversed vein technique. AB - In a 6-year retrospective analysis of 341 consecutive femorodistal autogenous vein bypasses, results from 104 in situ veins (IS) were compared with 209 reversed veins (RV). The groups were comparable for age, sex, diabetes, indication for surgery and calf vessel run-off, but a significantly higher proportion of the in situ group had a lower distal anastomosis (16% IS, 6% RV, chi 2 = 7.1 P less than 0.01). Overall, operative mortality was 2% and early graft failure was similar in both groups (11% IS, 12% RV, P = NS). Cumulative graft patency rates were 74% IS, 79% RV at one year and 71% IS, 71% RV (P = NS) at three years. Cumulative limb survival rates were 81% IS, 85% RV at one year and 79% IS, 81% RV [P = NS) at 3 years. These results demonstrate that the in situ technique has been used in a wider variety of patients and yielded similar early and intermediate term results to reversed vein. PMID- 3503768 TI - Adenine nucleotides in erythrocytes from patients with peripheral vascular disease and the effects of oxpentifylline. AB - The relationship between erythrocyte nucleotide profiles and the presence of atherosclerotic peripheral occlusive vascular disease was investigated. In elderly male patients with severe vascular insufficiency the mean red cell content of NAD, GDP, GTP, AMP, ADP and ATP and the cellular adenylate energy charge were not significantly different from those observed in young healthy males. It has been claimed that drugs such as oxpentifylline improve peripheral tissue oxygenation in vascular disease by reversing the fall in red cell ATP content which has been reported to accompany vascular insufficiency resulting in a restoration of normal cell deformability and hence whole blood viscosity. We have carried out in vitro studies using erythrocytes from normal adults to assess the effect of oxpentifylline on erythrocyte ATP content and glycolytic rate. The drug failed to significantly affect the rates of glucose consumption and lactate production or the ATP content of the erythrocytes compared with controls. Furthermore the drug did not influence the rate of ATP utilisation by erythrocytes. We conclude that red cell ATP and total adenylate content is not different from normal in patients with peripheral vascular disease. If oxpentifylline alters red cell deformability it does so by some mechanism not related to the cellular ATP concentration, the cellular adenylate energy charge or the glycolytic rate. PMID- 3503770 TI - Transaxillary angiography: an acceptable approach when perfemoral angiography is not acceptable. AB - Transaxillary angiography has been performed in a consecutive series wherever patients were unsuitable for perfemoral angiography. Between 1984 and 1986, transaxillary angiography was performed for 103 patients (81 males and 22 females with a mean age of 64 years). Major complications occurred in 2 patients (1.9%) who required surgical embolectomy with no long term sequelae. Three (2.9%) had a transient neurological deficit which lasted less than 1 week. In our hands transaxillary angiography is the best alternative when perfemoral angiography is not possible. PMID- 3503769 TI - The place of profundaplasty in the surgical treatment of superficial femoral artery occlusion. AB - One-hundred and sixty-three patients in whom an isolated profundaplasty was performed as treatment for superficial femoral artery occlusion were evaluated for postoperative improvement, taking into consideration the degree of stenosis of the profunda origin and the patency of peripheral vessels. One-hundred and eleven (68.1%) patients achieved clinical improvement. Fifty-two patients had to undergo amputation (27 below the knee and 19 above the knee) or distal reconstruction (6 patients) because of unrelieved ischaemia. In patients with Fontaine stage II and III disease (89% and 70% respectively) improvement was observed more often than in those with stage IV disease (53%). Half of the patients had an increase of the resting systolic ankle-brachial arterial pressure index, but the rise was only slight (0.12 +/- 0.1). While radiological information of the presence and degree of a stenosis had little influence on the operative outcome stenosis at the origin of the profunda, when seen and described at operation, resulted in a more frequent improvement in the clinical state and systolic ankle-brachial arterial pressure index. A patent popliteal artery was not necessary for a favourable outcome but the number of patent tibial arteries was important. Whenever two tibial vessels were patent, relief was achieved in 75% of the cases: the existence of one patent tibial artery produced improvement in 64% but if all were occluded only 31% showed improvement. In cases of severe ischaemia, success following profundaplasty is limited and the results are often inadequate. If at least one tibial artery is patent, the alternative is a femoro crural reconstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503771 TI - A surgical strategy for femoro-crural reconstruction. AB - In order to improve the results of femoro-distal bypass grafting a number of tactics are suggested. The bypass distance should be kept to a minimum using autologous vein as a bridge between open segments. Anastomoses should be end to end wherever possible because of their haemodynamic characteristics and collaterals should be preserved by a proximal end to side anastomosis. When salvaging the extremity the dissection should be kept to a minimum in tissue which is already ischaemic. PMID- 3503772 TI - [Pin-supported registration]. PMID- 3503774 TI - [Resin inlays. Correct use prevents errors]. PMID- 3503773 TI - [Axis and free movement. Problems of Monsieur Duret]. PMID- 3503775 TI - [Precision cut model. Preparation of stump models]. PMID- 3503776 TI - [Preparation of posterior artificial teeth. Curved surfaces]. PMID- 3503777 TI - [The D-BS 320 polisher. Dry trimming of working models]. PMID- 3503779 TI - [The Dalwa-attachment. An alternative to double-arm clasp with rest]. PMID- 3503778 TI - [Inlays--onlays--facets. Possibilities with ceramic technic]. PMID- 3503780 TI - [The precision cut model. Preparation of stump models]. PMID- 3503781 TI - Improving your radiography. 3. Panoramic technique [ii]. PMID- 3503782 TI - The management of impacted mandibular third molars. 2. Treatment. PMID- 3503783 TI - The effects of radiation on the teeth: patient management. PMID- 3503784 TI - Modified amalgam carrier for retrograde amalgams. PMID- 3503785 TI - The periodontium and systemic disease. PMID- 3503786 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 3503787 TI - Decor in the dental surgery. PMID- 3503788 TI - An update on drugs in dentistry: Part 1. PMID- 3503789 TI - An update on drugs in dentistry: Part 2. PMID- 3503790 TI - Non-sterile gloves: evaluation of seven brands. PMID- 3503791 TI - Improving your radiography. 2. Panoramic technique [i]. PMID- 3503792 TI - Periodontal charting. PMID- 3503793 TI - Porcelain veneers. PMID- 3503794 TI - Paediatric oral medicine: 1. Soft tissue lesions of the face and neck. PMID- 3503795 TI - Intra-nasal foreign body: an incidental radiographic finding. PMID- 3503796 TI - [To the readers of the Giornale Italiano di Cardiologia]. PMID- 3503797 TI - [Cardiac amyloidosis. Invasive and noninvasive diagnosis]. AB - Aim of this study is the analysis of clinical, morphologic and haemodynamic features of cardiac amyloidosis. Cardiac amyloidosis was demonstrated histologically in 7 of our patients: in 6 by endomyocardial biopsy during cardiac catheterization, in one at autopsy. The clinical picture was characterized in every patient by signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. The electrocardiogram showed several non specific signs: low voltage of the QRS complexes, both in peripheral (4/7) and precordial leads (7/7 cases); marked leftward and upward deviation of the QRS axis (6/7 cases); first degree A-V block (5/7); abnormal Q waves (7/7). M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography invariably demonstrated a typical pattern: a non dilated left ventricle with thickened and hyper-refractile walls, and usually a slight-moderate diffuse hypokinesia. Other common features were a thickening of right ventricular walls, interatrial septum, and atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Computerized analysis of the M-mode tracings disclosed a marked impairment of the indexes of both systolic and diastolic ventricular function in all patients. By correlating electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, we found in every case a striking disproportion between the low QRS voltage and the high muscle cross sectional area (an echocardiographic index of left ventricular mass): this pattern appears to be highly suggestive of infiltrative heart disease. Cardiac catheterization (performed in 6 cases) showed an increase of left ventricular (6/6) and right ventricular (5/6) end-diastolic pressure, with a dip plateau pattern in some cases (4/6 of the left, 2/6 in the right ventricle). The cardiac index was decreased in 3/6 cases. Left ventricular angiography confirmed the echocardiographic data of normal volumes and a slight-moderate decrease of the ejection fraction. We conclude that cardiac amyloidosis usually mimics a restrictive cardiomyopathy (severe congestive heart failure with increased ventricular filling pressures, in the absence of severe systolic ventricular dysfunction). This disease can be suspected clinically by the correlation of the clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data. The final diagnosis requires an endomyocardial biopsy. PMID- 3503799 TI - [Ambulatory electrocardiography in Italy: 10 years' experience]. PMID- 3503798 TI - [Multiparameter evaluation of tricuspid insufficiency using two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler and contrast echocardiography]. AB - The evaluation of the presence and severity of tricuspid insufficiency is still difficult even if many criteria of grading are available for different techniques. In this study the data obtained from Doppler mapping of the right atrium, from the analysis of the hepatic vein flow and from the contrast echocardiography of the inferior vena cava in 56 patients with mitral or mitral aortic valvulopathy and with clinically suspected tricuspid insufficiency were submitted to the cluster analysis. This analysis was used to redistribute the study population according to the following parameters: diameter of the inferior vena cava, maximal systolic and diastolic flow of the hepatic veins, the length of regurgitant jet in right atrium and the duration of contrast in vena cava. The aim was to identify the variability range of each degree of severity. None of the analyzed parameters "per se" identifies the regurgitation severity because there is a large variability in the intermediate degrees. The cluster analysis shows a definite pattern of parameters for each cluster (1 = no significant regurgitation, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe insufficiency).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503800 TI - [Role of ambulatory ECG in the diagnostic work of a cardiology division]. AB - Holter monitoring may be effected during hospitalization either for clinical research or for high-risk patients or after surgical treatments. In the other cases, if possible, it should be better to effect ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients engaged in their normal daily activity nevertheless reducing hospital costs. Last year, in our department we effected 2420 Holter monitoring, of which 44% for patients hospitalized in our department, 11% hospitalized in other divisions, 44% for ambulatory patients. Holter monitoring was effected in the 35% of patients to detect arrhythmias, in the 29% for the evaluation of the effect of antiarrhythmic therapy; the 28% of Holter monitoring was recorded for patients recovering from acute infarction. Holter monitoring, associated to the other cardiological screening tests, has a very important rule for diagnosis of arrhythmias or myocardial ischemia, prognostic evaluation of cardiopathic patients (ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, valvular and congenital heart disease), verification of the effects of therapy (PTCA, surgical and antiarrhythmic treatment). PMID- 3503801 TI - [Role of ambulatory ECG in a cardiology department]. AB - Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring has become an important clinical tool for the diagnosis and management of patients with symptoms suggesting cardiac arrhythmias or ischemic heart disease. Holter monitoring (H) is widely used in the evaluation of patients with recent myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome, sinus node dysfunction. The role of H monitoring in defining prognosis in many of these heart disease is not well established. Holter monitoring is also used to evaluate the results of antiarrhythmic and antianginal drug therapy. Application of quantitative H monitoring to define drug efficacy has revealed that antiarrhythmic drugs may have a proarrhythmic effect and that a withdrawal syndrome can follow the abrupt cessation of antianginal and antiarrhythmic drugs. There are no consistent data about the optimal duration of monitoring to detect and quantify ventricular arrhythmias and ischemic attacks. We think that the appropriate duration of monitoring must be adjusted to the single patient, considering: a) the frequency and severity of symptoms; b) the cardiac lesion (s) and functional class; c) the goal of H. When used appropriately H can be a cost effective tool and may prevent hospitalizations. PMID- 3503803 TI - [Ambulatory electrocardiography in the screening of patients with palpitations]. AB - The role of 24 hour Holter monitoring in the screening of patients complaining of palpitations is reviewed. The term "palpitations", although not always unequivocally used, implies the presence of an arrhythmia. The clinical instrumental correlation of an intermittent symptom is made possible by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. Answers to be expected from a 24 hour Holter monitoring in order to achieve an early characterization of the arrhythmia are related to: site of origin, incidence, circadian distribution, prognostic stratification, events aggregation, presence of other asymptomatic abnormalities (rhythm, ST-T). PMID- 3503802 TI - [Ambulatory ECG during screening phase in relation to other technics in patients with precordial pain]. AB - Screening of patients with precordial symptoms is a mayor social problem. Holter monitoring is easy to use because it ambulatory, non invasive, can be repeated without harm, has no contraindications and permits prolonged monitoring. Therefore, it seemed necessary to determine the "role" of this test. We examined all of the Holter monitorings performed in Dynamic electrocardiographic laboratory of the S. Matteo Polyclinic from 1983 to 1986. 480 of the 3365 patients visited, presented precordial symptoms. 162 patients (group A) had established ischemic heart disease (old myocardial infarction and/or coronary arteriography). 318 patients (group B) had no definite diagnosis. 71 subjects from group A and 140 from group B presented a typical symptomatology. Group A showed a 31.48% positivity during the test with 165 ischemic attacks. Group B had 25.15% positivity with 397 ischemic attacks. 51 symptomatic attacks (30%) were recorded for group B. Therefore, there was a mayor incidence of silent ischemic heart disease in both groups. Results obtained comparing Holter monitoring to the bicycle ergometry exercise test and to functional test, were comparable in 56.91% (sensibility 41.71% and specificity 78.62%) in the first case and 61.38% (sensibility 42.50% and sensitivity 73.77%) in the latter. In conclusion, we believe that Holter monitoring is useful in mass screening because it permits monitoring of most ischemic attacks, whether under stress or at rest, symptomatic or silent. PMID- 3503804 TI - [Recording of signals in ambulatory electrocardiography]. AB - The different techniques for the acquisition of electrocardiographic signal in ambulatory monitoring are described in this paper. Direct and, frequency modulation systems are explained in details with their relative advantages and disadvantages. The basis of digital sampling and real time analysis of ECG signals are also explained. PMID- 3503805 TI - [Methods of the elaboration of data of the cardiological importance]. AB - This paper deals with some introductory topics of signal processing and decision making in cardiology. In both instances the matter is referred to general schemes well suited to host different applications. Signal processing is divided in some phases: acquisition, storing, analysis and each of them is described with applications to specific signals. In a similar manner the methods for decision making have been simplified to a scheme including a "knowledge base" and an "inference method". The scheme is used to classify various implementations. Bayes analysis and expert systems have been introduced with some details. PMID- 3503806 TI - [Technical ambulatory ECG innovations in performance evaluation]. AB - Evaluating the performances of the instrumentation for Ambulatory ECG (AECG) analysis is a need largely recognized by both manufacturers and users. The most generally accepted method is the beat-by-beat comparison with annotated data bases, representing the different ECG abnormalities. Available data bases are aimed at arrhythmias detection evaluation, while it is recognized that the AECG ST-T changes detection has a great relevance in the analysis of ischemic heart disease. A concerted action of the European Community on Ambulatory Monitoring has been approved for achieving a comprehensive reference standard for assessing the quality of AECG instrumentation. The European project has been concentrated on the problem of ST-T analysis. An annotated data base is being developed with the contribution of european experts. A pilot study has been performed for establishing the criteria related to the development and annotation; particularly the definition of significant ST-T changes has been established. The data base will include 2-hour double channel AECG records, which contain at least one ST-T episode. Each record is annotated beat by beat according to the established scheme, identifying arrhythmic beats, rhythm changes, ST-T changes and noisy segments. A coordinating center has been established for interacting with the participating groups and for performing the operations related to the generation and management of the data base. For the time being 14 Groups of 8 Countries are participating to the annotation of the data base. A minimum number of 100 records is planned within June 1988. PMID- 3503807 TI - [Analysis of the spread of ambulatory electrocardiography in Italy]. AB - The diffusion of ambulatory monitoring (AM) in Italy was evaluated by a questionnaire sent to 102 centers known to be active in this field. The 70 replays obtained constitute this report. In Italy the first center for AM was activated in 1970, thereafter many other new centers started with the maximal increase between 1978 and 1983. During 1985 these centers performed 36223 examinations (mean 517) with a great variability in the number of examinations performed per year: 11 centers performed greater than 1000 examinations a yr, 21 greater than 500 less than 1000 and 38 less than 500. This variability was independent by the number of recorders each center have (on average 4.78 per center) and by the number of personnel involved in the activity. Waiting list resulted to be 25 days on average (1.90) and 4.7 days were needed for the replay (1.20). The main complain resulted to be the difficulty to obtain in short period of time technical assistance. In the second part of the questionnaire more clinical questions were asked. AM resulted to be required the most for arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease whereas atypical chest pain, palpitations and lipothymia events were considered to be the major reasons for a negative examination. In conclusion our data allow to identify the clinical relevance of AM in Italy and its major applicants. PMID- 3503808 TI - [Analysis of the market and future trends of the instrumentation for ambulatory electrocardiography]. AB - An inquiry has been made among most manufacturers of ambulatory ECG instrumentation. Both playback and real time systems have been considered. The inquiry, based on a questionnaire, was mainly aimed at identifying possible standard technical solutions emerging from the analysis of various implementations, and at verifying whether techniques for performance evaluation are in common use. Main conclusions of this study include: playback systems are still in competition with real time systems; automatic analysis has not yet reached adequate accuracy; analysis of ST-T interval, while performed by most systems, is not evaluated because common standard of quality is lacking. PMID- 3503809 TI - [Ambulatory electrocardiography in the evaluation of anti-ischemic therapy]. AB - The role of ambulatory ECG monitoring (AEM) in the evaluation of anti-ischemic therapy is different in relation to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. In spontaneous angina, caused by a primary reduction of coronary blood flow, the AEM represents the most efficient method to evaluate treatment results. In fact ECG monitoring permits the real evaluation of quantitative therapeutic effects, that is the reduction of the number of ischemic episodes or their abolition; besides it gives information about the treatment effects on the ischemic episodes duration, the ST dislocation entity, the incidence of asymptomatic episodes, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias and the possible different effect of treatment on the ischemic episodes characterized by ST elevation or depression. In patients undergoing anti-ischemic therapy AEM allows to study the temporal course of drug effect in order to achieve the best personal dosage schedule. While no doubt exists about Holter usefulness in the short-term control of the treatment, further data are needed to verify the role of AEM in predicting long term efficacy of therapy. The role of Holter monitoring in the control of treatment efficacy in effort angina is more limited. However this method can be useful in those patients whose stress test shows only a partial protection in spite of anti-ischemic treatment: in these subjects the application of AEM permits to verify the presence of asymptomatic ischemic episodes that can occur either at rest or because of minimal activity. PMID- 3503810 TI - [Role of ambulatory ECG in the evaluation of interventions: rehabilitation]. AB - Rehabilitation represents an important moment in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to cardiopathic patients in general and particularly to those with myocardial infarction. In the field of rehabilitation, Holter Monitoring lends itself as an irreplaceable tool of evaluation, able to provide information on: 1) incidence of complex arrhythmias; 2) ischemic attacks; 3) heart-rate trends in relation to physical activity. In the report, the following points are developed: a) How best to record information gathered during the acute and subacute phases of myocardial infarction, necessary to decide on which patients to perform Holter Monitoring. b) Which information derived from ergometric test necessitate the use of Holter Monitoring? c) Can the Holter Monitoring's recorded results offer sufficient contraindications to the starting of physical training? d) The Holter Monitoring's ability to evaluate the risk potential during physical activity and also how this activity influences the arrhythmic situation. e) The prognostic value of the parametres obtained by Holter Monitoring, paying particular attention to the analysis of heart-rate for typical neuro-vegetative signs from the infarct patient. f) Role of Holter Monitoring in the starting of active working lives again. To conclude, new trends in Holter Monitoring evaluations are discussed: --analysis of recordings made during events of sudden-death; --the facility to simultaneously record, in ambulatory patients, electrocardiogram and pulmonary artery pressure. PMID- 3503811 TI - [Usefulness of ambulatory ECG in the follow-up of patients with pacemakers]. AB - In order to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Holter monitoring in the follow up of pacemaker patients, the recordings of 122 patients were reviewed. Indications for monitoring were: evaluation of pacemaker function in 23.6% of the cases; sporadic appearance of arrhythmias in 26.7%; total or partial unconsciousness in 9.7%; a variety of symptoms such as palpitation (12.7), dizzy spells (9.7%) and irregular pulse (4.2%). Prolonged monitoring of cardiac activity allowed us to exclude pacemaker malfunction in 87.5% of cases of syncope and 88.6% of cases of palpitation, dizzy-spells and irregular pulse; while it disclosed defects of electrostimulation in 11.4% of cases in loss of consciousness in 12.5% of patients with various symptoms and none in cases of arrhythmias. It allowed us to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of used drugs in 18.2% of cases. Given the variety of clinical and instrumental problems of pacemaker patients, Holter monitoring proved to be a very essential diagnostic means in the follow-up of such patients. PMID- 3503812 TI - [Ambulatory ECG in cardiomyopathies]. AB - DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY - Conduction and rhythm disturbances are frequent findings in dilated cardiomyopathy. 65 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy underwent 24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring: 95.4% showed ventricular arrhythmias, 80% complex ventricular arrhythmias and 44% runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Over 1000 ventricular extrasystoles in 24 hours were present in 44% of cases. Ventricular tachycardia and multiform and paired ventricular extrasystoles correlated significantly with the severity of cardiac dysfunction and with a worse prognosis. Patients undergoing antiarrhythmic therapy (amiodarone) showed a significant reduction in the number of ventricular extrasystoles and in the incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias. HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY - The high incidence of arrhythmias, particularly ventricular arrhythmias (approx. 70% of cases) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is well recognized: episodes of ventricular tachycardia are present in 20% of cases and are related to an elevated risk of sudden death. Antiarrhythmic treatment with amiodarone significantly reduces the number of ventricular extrasystoles and the episodes of ventricular tachycardia, may prevent sudden death and improve survival. RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY - Very little information is present in literature concerning this extremely rare form, in which every type of rhythm and conduction disturbance has been observed. CONCLUSIONS - Electrocardiographic monitoring is nowadays a very important tool in the management of cardiomyopathy patients, to identify possible patients at risk and to monitor the antiarrhythmic treatment. PMID- 3503813 TI - [Ambulatory electrocardiography in patients with angina pectoris]. AB - In the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, long-term ECG recording has several distinct advantages. It allows one to relate patient symptoms to cardiac disturbances and to detect asymptomatic events, reveals the possible ischemic genesis of arrhythmias, and it is the most suitable method to assess the acute and chronic effectiveness of treatment and the evolution of the disease. In spite of these advantages, Holter monitoring has several limitations: the analysis of a single lead, is responsible in most systems for the low sensitivity in detecting ischemia occurring in unexplored regions; the period of 24-48 hours may not be sufficient for screening patients due to the unpredictable spontaneous variability of the disease; a common standard of analysis is still lacking even if the European Communities concerted action in Ambulatory Monitoring could represent the solution to this problem. Nevertheless the role of Holter monitoring appears essential in the ambulatory screening of patients with suspected ischemia for a better characterization of patients with ascertained myocardial ischemia, and for the evaluation of treatment and of the evolution of the disease. PMID- 3503814 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes and alcoholism]. PMID- 3503815 TI - [Pulmonary atelectasis and massive pleural effusion. Echocardiography]. AB - Pulmonary atelectasis can be detected by Two Dimensional Echocardiography (2D-E) when massive pleural effusion is present. A triangular mass, base toward the mediastinum and apex moving freely in the pleural cavity, is shown by 2D-E either in an apical modified view in left pleural effusions or in a subcostal modified view in right pleural effusions. The texture of the mass is liver-like. Three cases are reported by way of example. Differential diagnosis with other masses, such as pleural or pericardial metastasis, is discussed. PMID- 3503816 TI - [Carotid sinus syndrome. Description of a case treated by surgical denervation]. AB - A 43 years old man suffering from syncopal attacks and episodes of dizziness was found as affected by right carotid sinus syndrome causing cardioinhibition. Excluding all possible specific causes of carotid sinus hypersensitivity and, by means of electrophysiological study, any intrinsic cardiac pathology, was settled that the long pauses of asystole that produce syncopal attacks were of extrinsic vagal nature. Considering the young age of the patient an operation of surgical denervation of the right carotid sinus was decided upon. This simple and riskless treatment allowed the case to be solved without resorting to permanent pacemaker implantation. PMID- 3503817 TI - [Pulmonary and systemic embolism in a case of biatrial thrombosis. Role of two dimensional echocardiography]. AB - The authors describe the case of a 61-year-old woman affected with pulmonary embolism, in whom the presence of masses in both atria has been detected by two dimensional echocardiography. The event of a systemic embolism and the dissolution of both masses after an anticoagulant therapy, has induced the authors to diagnose a biatrial thromboembolism propagating from the venous system and passage of thromboembolic material through a patent foramen ovale. These findings are, therefore, in differential diagnosis compared with other biatrial intracavitary masses. PMID- 3503818 TI - Subnuclear vacuolated mucous cells: a novel abnormality of simple mucin-secreting cells of non-specialized gastric mucosa and Brunner's glands. AB - We report a novel abnormality affecting simple mucin-secreting cells of the glands of pyloric gastric mucosa and of Brunner's glands. Subnuclear vacuolated mucous cells show a distinctive appearance on haematoxylin and eosin staining. They are columnar cells of similar size to simple mucin-secreting cells, but have a central nucleus beneath which the cytoplasm has a uniform glassy eosinophilic appearance or contains a clear area. Subnuclear vacuolated mucous cells are found focally lining the lower third of pyloric gastric glands or in Brunner's glands, and may be mistaken for a form of metaplasia. Histochemically, the apical portion of the cell stains for neutral mucin, but the basal portion stains only weakly and variably for protein. Electron microscopy reveals that the basal portion consists of a large, single, membrane-bound vacuole, variably indented by the nucleus, and probably derived from either endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. The vacuole contains granular material which varies in electron density from cell to cell. The apical portion of the cell contains organelles similar to simple mucin-secreting cells. These appearances are highly suggestive of an abnormal accumulation of non-glycoconjugated mucus core protein. Although the cause of this is unknown, it was associated with the histological changes of chronic gastritis in 10 of our 12 cases. PMID- 3503819 TI - Genital contact dermatitis. PMID- 3503820 TI - Oral griseofulvin therapy in molluscum contagiosum. PMID- 3503821 TI - Failure of progesterone to alter the major sebum constituents of male rat. PMID- 3503822 TI - A study of 255 cases of granuloma inguinale. PMID- 3503823 TI - Paucibacillary leprosy and W.H.O. regimen. PMID- 3503824 TI - Life satisfaction, illness behaviour, and rehabilitation outcome: results of a one year follow-up study with cardiac patients. AB - One year after an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme, 83 out of 105 male cardiac patients were subjected to a follow-up study. Data collection comprised the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Freiburg Personality Inventory, the Freiburg Somatic Complaint List, an adjective list for current mood, and a follow up questionnaire assessing life habits, health and work status. One year after discharge, reported life satisfaction is lower than at the end of the treatment, with the exception of the areas health and leisure time. Physical complaints and emotional liability increased as well. On the other hand, patients' ratings of the success of the rehabilitation programme remain unchanged, with positive evaluations on completion of treatment as well as at follow-up one year later. At the start of rehabilitation, patients were divided into two groups with high or low life satisfaction according to their questionnaire scores. Various medical variables showed no differences between these groups. However, at follow-up, 90% of the patients with high life satisfaction and only 66% of those with low satisfaction were back at work. Resumption of work, although depending on the physician's rating, is influenced to a high degree by non-medical factors. These diverse factors are discussed in connection with patients' illness behaviour. PMID- 3503825 TI - Changing educational counsellors' attitudes toward mental retardation: comparison of two measurement techniques. AB - As attitudes toward the disabled and ways of changing them have been the focus of intensive research, questions have arisen to the appropriate intervention strategies to the various target populations (most of them professionals). Contradictory reports on success of change bring up the subject of measurement techniques. Almost all the studies have used the "pre-test-post-test" comparison. In the present study an alternative technique, Howard's retrospective pre-test post comparison, has been compared to the traditional approach. Howard argues that in the traditional approach a response shift bias influences the responses in intervention strategies such as training or treatment. Attitude change toward mental retardation has been measured on students before, after and "after retrospective" a course in special education planned to improve their attitudes. A special program was conducted in order to develop emotional acceptance and empathy as well as to provide information. Jordan's Attitudes Behaviour Scale has been used. Comparison of the experimental and control groups using the two measurement techniques show that change has been found only by using Howard's technique. Results may give explanation to the somewhat contradictory results reported in recent studies as well as the effectiveness of the planned intervention. PMID- 3503826 TI - [Interrater reliability of a German version of the "International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH)" of the World Health Organization]. AB - A German version of the "International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH)" edited by the World Health Organization (1980) has tested in respect to the interrater reliability. The investigation was carried out with 36 staff members from three rehabilitation institutions for the blind or partially sighted, who rated in pairs a visually impaired child or adult with the classification system. The calculation of the interrater reliability was based both on the method of the relative agreement between the raters and on the measure "kappa". Altogether, the KAPPA-calculation yielded unsatisfactory interrater agreements. The reasons for the low reliability figures can be seen on one hand in the classification system itself, on the other hand in motivational barriers within the group of raters. The investigation however also indicates, that by modifying the classification system and by intensively training the raters, improvement concerning the reliability figures can be expected. PMID- 3503827 TI - Attitudes of elementary, middle and high school teachers toward mainstreaming: implications for job satisfaction. AB - Little attention has been paid to the job satisfaction experienced by human services personnel, including classroom teachers. This study examines teacher's response to postal questionnaires seeking information about job satisfaction and attitudes to the mainstreaming of children with special needs. Results suggest that teachers at secondary or high school level experience lower job satisfaction than those working in middle or elementary schools. Comparison between teachers with or without experiences of mainstreaming reveals further differences between these groups with regard to their attitude toward the value of special educator involvement in the classroom; the importance of special assessments; discipline; the role of mainstreaming in enhancing peer relationships; and appreciation of school administrators' awareness of the implications of mainstreaming. PMID- 3503828 TI - Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Research in rehabilitation. Duesseldorf, 18th-19th November 1985. PMID- 3503829 TI - What are the relevant clinical determinants to evaluate the results of rehabilitation after cerebral infarction. PMID- 3503830 TI - A follow-up study of stroke patients 5-6 years after their brain infarct. PMID- 3503831 TI - Research areas in rehabilitation: psychological aspects. PMID- 3503832 TI - Prediction of arm and hand function recovery in stroke patients. PMID- 3503833 TI - Visual control of arm movement in the stroke patient. PMID- 3503834 TI - Predictive factors in stroke outcome and implications for intervention. PMID- 3503835 TI - Late rehabilitation results of adult hemiplegic patients. PMID- 3503836 TI - Stroke: influence of psychopathological conditions on rehabilitation and coping with daily living. PMID- 3503837 TI - Enhancing postural stability in hemiplegics using externally applied forces. PMID- 3503838 TI - Effectiveness of two modes of training to overcome deficits of concentration. PMID- 3503839 TI - Rehabilitation of juvenile psychosis. PMID- 3503840 TI - Rehabilitation after hip replacement: a one year follow up. PMID- 3503842 TI - The availability of physiotherapy services within the National Health Service- changing trends in England and Wales. PMID- 3503841 TI - Emotional stress or acceptance: parental reactions to unexpected developmental processes. PMID- 3503843 TI - A model for coordinated and integrated lifelong maintenance of health. PMID- 3503844 TI - The role of the physiotherapist in motor neurone disease. PMID- 3503845 TI - Evaluation in special education: information for action. PMID- 3503846 TI - Emotional upset after myocardial infarction--how should it be conceptualised and measured? PMID- 3503847 TI - Social functioning ability. PMID- 3503848 TI - Providing gainful employment for emotionally disabled persons--a model of vocational integration. PMID- 3503849 TI - Anxiety in patients with brain injuries--rooming-in with close relatives as a therapeutic approach. PMID- 3503850 TI - Importance of vocational and social reintegration for the maintenance of therapy success with alcohol addicts. PMID- 3503851 TI - Construction of an observation scale for the behaviour of pain patients. PMID- 3503852 TI - Chronic pain: measurement and assessment. PMID- 3503854 TI - Mobility training following brain trauma--results of intensive individual treatment. PMID- 3503853 TI - Perceptual evaluation in occupational therapy. PMID- 3503855 TI - Prediction of the range of hand positions available to a patient with movement restrictions at the joints of the upper limb--a mathematical model. AB - A mathematical model has been constructed to predict the workspaces available to patients with reduced ranges of motion at the joints of the upper limb. The model uses the inverse kinematic method of Benati et al. (1982) together with simplified anatomical data. Comparisons with experimental data (Dempster, 1955) show significant discrepancies which are believe to be due to differences in scapular constraint and to simplified anatomical modelling. It is intended to improve the anatomical model by the use of the published data of Eyclesheimer and Shoemaker (1911). Despite the discrepancies, the model already detects significant differences between normal workspaces and those of patients with restriction at the joints of the upper limb. It is believed that this model could, when incorporated with empirical data, form the basis of an "expert" system to assist the therapist and clinician in the planning of rehabilitation of the upper limb. PMID- 3503856 TI - A new electronic mobility aid for the blind--a field evaluation. PMID- 3503857 TI - Research methodology in rehabilitation: the role of randomized trials. PMID- 3503858 TI - Mobility. PMID- 3503859 TI - A clinically viable gait analysis system. PMID- 3503860 TI - Energy costs of wheelchair propulsion by elderly and disabled people. PMID- 3503861 TI - Evaluation of hand movements used during hand testing and activities of daily living. PMID- 3503862 TI - Functional measurements in the hands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 3503863 TI - Wheelchairs designed for activity and sport. PMID- 3503864 TI - New modular wheelchair models. PMID- 3503865 TI - Audit of a regional wheelchair service. PMID- 3503866 TI - Early assessment of communicative abilities by means of caregiver/child interaction analysis. PMID- 3503867 TI - Pressure splints--an aid to rehabilitation. PMID- 3503868 TI - Improvement of seating comfort due to a new wheelchair seating system. PMID- 3503869 TI - Clinical experience with the Freeman-Samuelson total knee arthroplasty (1980 1985). PMID- 3503870 TI - Mimickry in osteogenic sarcoma. Clinical considerations and report of 2 cases. AB - The authors report two cases of osteogenic sarcoma which presented under the false diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst and benign fibrous histiocytoma respectively. This mimickry is discussed: a) It is certainly more common than would appear from the literature, particularly in the case of aneurysmal bone cyst; b) this mimickry applies particularly to the lytic type of osteosarcoma; c) the adjective telangiectatic which is often used to describe malignant bone aneurysms is equivocal; d) immature forms of osteogenic sarcoma all possess a common factor with regard to onset, course and outcome of the disease; e) microscopic anaplastic elements may not always be observed in these imitations; f) clinical examination may often achieve or at least get closer to a true diagnosis of the disease: it is necessary to be aware of the existence of mimetic forms of osteogenic sarcoma and carefully evaluate all the available information; g) surgery should be delayed where clinical doubt exists and the histological report is negative. Such a delay may allow the tumour to reveal its true nature so that the surgeon and oncologist can select the correct treatment. PMID- 3503871 TI - Congenital hip dysplasia treated by the Salter osteotomy. Long-term review of 18 patients. AB - Between 1965 and 1974 at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University of Perugia, 20 osteotomies of the innominate bone were performed on 18 patients aged between 18 months and 10 years. All the patients were followed up for 10 to 19 years (average 15 years) after operation. The results were evaluated both clinically and radiographically (according to the Severin and MacFarland methods). The data were later submitted to computer analysis, using a semiautomatic aquisition programme which allowed for evaluation of the geometry of the hip. The most important parameters for evaluation of the results were the Wiberg CE angle, the acetabular angle, the minimum joint space, and the horizontal component of the resultant force. Clinically and radiographically there was an 80% success rate according to Severin's method of evaluation. There was also good correlation with the computerized analysis. Biomechanically, there was almost normal recovery of the load distribution. The clinical, radiographic and biomechanical parameters worsened slightly with age, particularly during puberty. PMID- 3503873 TI - Domed high tibial osteotomy: the long-term results in tibiofemoral arthritis with and without malalignment of the extensor apparatus. AB - The authors confirm the role of high tibial osteotomy in the correction of valgus and varus anomalies, which are frequently associated with imbalance of the extensor apparatus and with torsional defects of the tibia. This has encouraged the authors to adopt a curvilinear osteotomy capable of correcting anomalies in the various planes. The results are evaluated in subjects with monocompartmental arthritis associated with valgus or varus, as well as for those with associated malalignment of the extensor apparatus. The review is based on 38 operated knees, followed up for 17 to 78 months (average 39 months) after operation. PMID- 3503872 TI - The surgical treatment of fractures of the acetabulum. Results after five years and proposed new classification. AB - Thirty-seven fractures of the acetabulum treated surgically at the Orthopaedic Institute in Milan were reviewed 5 years after operation. The overall clinical and radiographic results over this period of time were considered to be satisfactory, but a detailed study of each case enabled us to determine some of the factors which may negatively influence the outcome of this type of fracture. These negative factors were used to devise a new classification based on whether or not there was involvement of the load bearing segment of the acetabulum and on the complexity and comminution of the fracture. PMID- 3503874 TI - Primary reticulosarcoma of bone (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). A study of 12 cases. AB - Reticulosarcoma, nowadays usually referred to as non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, is a particularly rare primary bone tumour. This study includes 12 cases observed over more than 15 years. The favourable clinical course of the tumour, and the use of complementary therapy justify a more extensive use of surgical treatment. Five cases were submitted to surgery plus complementary chemotherapy; two resections of the tibia, one of the humerus, one scapulectomy and one disarticulation of the hip. The remaining 7 cases were treated by radiation therapy. The overall prognosis of the disease is not very favourable (25% survival rate) although its slow progress gives a favourable clinical impression. Treatment may, however, influence the prognosis; much better results are obtained by radical surgery with complementary chemotherapy. In one resection of the tibial diaphysis and one radical scapulectomy there was no local recurrence or metastases at 3 and 4 years follow-up, whereas cases treated previously by less radical surgery and inadequate chemotherapy, although showing no local recurrence, did result in systemic diffusion of the disease. PMID- 3503875 TI - The medium-term results of cementless Lord-type hip prosthesis. AB - The results of 58 cementless total hip prostheses (Lord madreporous type) were evaluated 4 to 7 years after implantation. The functional results were generally satisfactory, although in approximately half the cases some pain was still present. Radiographic examination allowed us to analyse the response of the diaphyseal bone to the different situations of the endomedullary implant. Acetabular wear, which is one of the factors which may influence the long-term results, was also evaluated. PMID- 3503876 TI - Perilunate dislocations of the carpus. A long-term review. AB - The long-term results of 19 perilunate dislocations of the carpus (including 9 transscapho-perilunate dislocations) were: good, 7 cases; fair, 8; poor, 4. The 9 transscapho-perilunate dislocations gave worse results than simple dislocations, with pseudarthrosis in 5 cases. Arthrosis was found in more than half the cases, more frequently in transscapho-perilunate dislocations and in cases associated with a fracture of the radial styloid. Radiographic signs of instability were observed in 8 wrists. The unstable wrists had a high incidence of arthrosis and showed decidedly worse clinical results compared to stable wrists (good, 1; fair, 4; poor, 3, as compared to good, 6 and fair 4). In all the unstable wrists we therefore believe that the results may be improved if the radiographic signs of instability are specifically looked for immediately after reduction so that abnormal anatomical relationships in the carpus can be corrected early. PMID- 3503877 TI - Prolapsed intervertebral disc at the upper lumbar level. Diagnostic difficulties. A report on 12 cases. AB - Prolapsed intervertebral disc at the upper lumbar level causes problems in diagnosis. Compressive root syndromes at L1-L2-L3 present clinical features which are not very specific. They are frequently pluriradicular and may be referred to areas of atypical distribution. The anatomical features and the relationship between discs and nerve roots and any variations are illustrated. Based on our personal experience with 12 cases of herniation of the first two lumbar discs, we would emphasize the importance of extending myelography and CT scanning to the high lumbar metameres whenever the symptomatology is equivocal. If such a policy were adopted, the incidence of prolapsed disc at the higher lumbar levels would probably be found to be higher than is at present supposed. PMID- 3503878 TI - Treatment of adolescent scoliosis by the Cotrel-Dubousset method. AB - The new Cotrel-Dubousset segmental instrumentation systems allows the surgeon to correct scoliotic deformity in all three planes as well as providing such solid fixation that the use of external postoperative immobilisation is eliminated. The authors discuss the main theoretical concepts as well as its method of application. PMID- 3503880 TI - The role of the tibiofibular interosseous membrane in the repair of fractures of the tibia and fibula. AB - Anatomical studies were carried out to explore the relationship between the tibiofibular interosseous membrane and the long bones of the leg. Based on the data obtained from experimental fractures it appears that the interosseous membrane, which forms the so-called osteoperiosteal pocket, plays an important role in the repair of leg fractures. Further studies are being undertaken to validate this hypothesis and arrive at a more accurate interpretation of the phenomena observed. PMID- 3503879 TI - Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after fracture of the distal end of the radius. A report of the youngest case. AB - Late rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is an occasional complication following a fracture of the distal end of the radius. Previous reports have been exclusively in middle aged or elderly patients. The present case is unique in that it affected a 14 year old girl. PMID- 3503881 TI - Variations in alpha-2-HS glycoprotein level in neoplastic disease with and without involvement of bone. AB - Variations in the serum level of alpha-HS-glycoprotein may be observed in all pathological conditions which induce changes in bone turn-over, as well as in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. This study includes 162 patients divided into four groups according to the TNM classification (tumour, lymph node metastasis). The first consisted of patients with neoplasms at TNM stages 1 and 2 with no bone metastases; the second of similar patients at TNM stages 3 and 4. The third group were patients with primary or secondary neoplasms of bone, and the fourth were patients with viral or bacterial diseases. The levels of alpha-2 HS-glycoprotein serum were determined for all the groups and these were compared with AAG (alpha-1-glycoprotein) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen). There were no significant differences in the levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein for the first group as compared with normal controls, while in the other groups the differences were significant. The levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein were diminished when the levels of CEA and AAG were both high, but increased when only one of these other parameters was high. PMID- 3503882 TI - The best of times for dentistry. PMID- 3503883 TI - Health policy: what can we learn from Ma Bell? PMID- 3503884 TI - Virus replication and genome interactions. Proceedings of the seventh John Innes Symposium. Norwich, 1986. PMID- 3503885 TI - Retrovirus genome replication: priming specificities of plus-strand DNA synthesis. AB - The retroviral reverse transcriptase is a multifunctional protein. Not only does it contain both RNA- and DNA-directed DNA synthesis activities but also it contains an endonuclease activity necessary for the integration of viral RNA and a RNase H. This latter activity can reduce to oligoribonucleotides viral RNA that has been reverse transcribed into minus-strand DNA. However, during avian retrovirus genome replication it does this in a highly specific manner so as to generate a specific 12-base primer for plus-strand DNA synthesis. Even though many other oligoribonucleotides are also made there is an efficient selection of the specific primer followed by its efficient utilization in plus-strand DNA synthesis, and subsequent removal. We have used a reconstructed system to gain an understanding of the factors that contribute towards these observed specificities. PMID- 3503886 TI - Tobacco mosaic virus replicase and replicative structures. AB - The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replicase) mediating the replication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been investigated in a number of laboratories over a period of 20 years. Cell-free enzyme preparations have been prepared which can continue the synthesis of nascent complementary RNA, initiated in vivo; however, the enzyme does not require, nor does it respond to, exogenous viral RNA as a template. The presence in plants of a virus-stimulated, host-encoded RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has added confusion to this field; it is now generally conceded, however, that this enzyme is not the TMV replicase. Our recent studies have emphasized several aspects of TMV RNA replication. We have examined the nature of TMV replicative structures synthesized in vitro by utilizing a partially purified enzyme preparation isolated from TMV-infected tobacco tissue. Radiolabelled products of the reaction were analysed on agarose gels and fractions with the predicted electrophoretic migration and nuclease sensitivities of replicative form (RF) and replicative intermediate (RI) were isolated. These fractions were hybridized to a collection of bacteriophage M13 clones containing portions of the TMV genome of both plus and minus polarity. The nascent synthesis in the RI-like molecules was restricted to the plus viral strand, while the new synthesis in the RF-like molecules was of both plus and minus polarity. Solubilization of the membrane-bound replicase with the non-ionic detergent CHAPS has yielded complexes which remain in solution after high-speed centrifugation. The solubilized replication complexes have been utilized as starting material for enzyme purification by Sepharose 4B gel filtration chromatography. The intracellular site of synthesis of TMV RNA has been reinvestigated in the light of reports suggesting a nuclear site of replication. The conclusion for nuclear synthesis has been based on fractionation of subcellular homogenates of virus-infected leaves or mesophyll protoplasts and identification of virus-related proteins associated with these fractions. In our studies, however, we conclude that these procedures can be misleading in that the 126,000 Mr TMV protein (and replicase activity) were found in all fractions of the homogenate analysed. Double-stranded TMV RNA, on the other hand, was barely detectable in preparations of purified nuclei; instead it was concentrated in the post-nuclear supernatant, suggesting that the nucleus is not the site of TMV RNA synthesis. PMID- 3503887 TI - Analysis of brome mosaic virus replication and aminoacylation functions by site specific mutagenesis. AB - Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) has a tripartite RNA genome; each RNA and the subgenomic RNA encoding the viral coat protein share a highly homologous region of about 200 nucleotides at the 3' end, for which a tRNA-like structure has been proposed. Several sequences encoding functions, including replicase binding, initiation of (-) strand synthesis and tyrosine esterification are known to be nested within this region. Elongation factor EF-1 alpha binds to aminoacylated viral RNAs, but not to the uncharged forms. An additional function of the tRNA-like structure is to serve as a substrate for nucleotidyl transferase, which adds the terminal adenosine residue to the (+) sense virion RNAs. A template-dependent and template specific replicase preparation from BMV-infected barley leaves has been characterized and extensively used for replication studies in vitro that complement studies in vivo using protoplasts. The replicase has been shown to initiate de novo both (-) strand synthesis on supplied (+) strand RNAs, and (+) strand subgenomic RNA synthesis on supplied (-) sense RNA3 templates. RNA transcripts obtained by transcription in vitro of cDNA clones containing desired base substitutions and deletions, have been supplied as templates for replication, aminoacylation and other assays. Use of such mutant RNAs has allowed the promoters for both (-) strand synthesis and for synthesis of the subgenomic (+) strand RNA to be characterized and defined. The same approach has also been used to reveal regions of the tRNA-like structure involved in the tyrosylation of the BMV RNAs. These experiments showed that, although regions important in aminoacylation and replication functions overlap, they are not identical. Some of the mutations tested in vitro have also been tested for infectivity in vivo using both barley plants and protoplasts. Mutants retaining replicase and nucleotidyl transferase template activity, but having lost aminoacylation capability are of special interest in that they should reveal the role of aminoacylation in the infection process. PMID- 3503888 TI - Molecular evolution of viruses; 'trees', 'clocks' and 'modules'. AB - Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of viral genomes, and derived amino acid sequences, mostly confirm the traditional taxonomic groupings of viruses. These comparisons have also shown unexpected homologies between genes of viruses from different groups previously thought to be unrelated, and between some viral and non-viral genes. Comparisons of the three-dimensional structures of the particle proteins of some viruses have also revealed unexpected relationship, and, together with the sequence homologies, suggest that some ancestral viruses had 'modular' origins. Some of the sequence differences have been used to construct phylogenies. However, there is evidence that viral gene 'molecular clocks' do not always keep time consistently over very long or very short evolutionary time periods. Clues on evolution mostly come from comparative studies of living or fossil organisms. Fossils of viruses are not known, and thus clues of the origins and evolution of viruses are obtained by comparing extant forms. For example, by comparing isolates of different viruses, or strains of viruses, one can infer the properties of their ancestors, and by comparing isolates obtained during an epidemic, and sequentially related to one another, one can observe directly the type and timing of evolutionary changes. PMID- 3503889 TI - The role of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins in adenovirus DNA replication. AB - In prokaryotes it is well established that proteins which recognise defined DNA sequences are involved in the control of gene expression and replication. Cellular proteins in eukaryotes which may perform a similar function have been identified by their interactions with control regions of the human adenovirus genome. Immediately after infection a small region (E1a) at the left end of the adenovirus genome is expressed. Proteins coded by the E1a region transcriptionally activate the viral early genes. The products of a number of these early genes are directly involved in replication of the viral DNA. DNA sequences which are required for efficient E1a transcription and for the initiation of DNA replication have been identified by mutational analysis. Cellular proteins which recognise these sequences were detected using a sensitive gel retention assay. The basis of this assay is that during electrophoresis DNA protein complexes migrate more slowly through a polyacrylamide gel than free DNA. In this way a cellular protein which binds to a conserved sequence in the adenovirus enhancer has been identified and partially purified. Cellular proteins which bind to adenovirus type 2 and 4 origins of replication have also been fractionated from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells. The roles of these proteins in adenovirus replication will be discussed. PMID- 3503891 TI - Cell behavior: shape, adhesion, and motility. The second Abercrombie Conference. Proceedings of the British Society for Cell Biology-The Company of Biologists Limited Symposium. Oxford, April 1987. PMID- 3503890 TI - Structure and replication of geminivirus genomes. AB - The geminiviruses are a group of plant viruses containing single-stranded (ss) DNA in particles comprising two quasi-icosahedral units. Some are transmitted by whiteflies, others by leafhoppers. Comparisons were made of the genome organization and expression of cassava latent virus (CLV) and maize streak virus (MSV) and beet curly top virus (BCTV), each with distinct host range and insect vector species characteristics. From these studies, several indications as to the replication mechanism(s) are suggested. PMID- 3503892 TI - Effect of patterned surfaces of adhesive islands on the shape, cytoskeleton, adhesion and behaviour of Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. AB - A pattern of circular islands of adhesive substratum can be used to control cell shape and behaviour. We have shown previously that the proportion of Swiss 3T3 cells that synthesize DNA varies with the area of the island to which they are attached, within the range 500-5000 microns2. In this paper we investigate the cytoskeleton and adhesions of cells on islands using a variety of techniques including phalloidin staining and interference reflection microscopy. Islands of area 2000 microns2 or less constrain cell shape, and cause focal contacts and actin microfilament bundles to accumulate in a circle at the margin. These changes are most obvious in islands of about 1000 microns2, in which a complete ring of adhesion is sometimes formed in the periphery of the cell. This peripheral distribution is less common in cells on even smaller islands, and the focal contacts become smaller and less numerous. It is not yet clear whether any of these structural changes are associated directly with the proliferative stimulus due to contact with the substratum. However, we expect that the use of patterned substrata will contribute to the study of how cell shape and structure regulate many cell functions. PMID- 3503893 TI - The physics of cell motility. AB - Cell locomotion begins with a protrusion from the leading periphery of the cell. What drives this extension? Here we present a model for the extension of cell protuberances that unifies certain aspects of this phenomenon, and is based on the hypothesis that osmotic pressure drives cell extensions. This pressure arises from membrane-associated reactions, which liberate osmotically active particles, and from the swelling of the actin network that underlies the membrane. PMID- 3503894 TI - Cell behaviour during active cell rearrangement: evidence and speculations. AB - The cell behaviour and motility underlying cell rearrangement during gastrulation in amphibian and sea-urchin embryos are discussed. In particular, the cell behaviour of deep (non-epithelial) and epithelial cell populations that undergo cell rearrangement is compared and contrasted. Deep cell rearrangement in Xenopus laevis involves both convergence of cells towards the future dorsal midline and simultaneous axial extension of the mesodermal cell mass. Time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy suggest that asynchronous, repetitive motions of individual deep cells, involving local extensions and retractions of their margins, may provide the motive force for rearrangement. Such protrusive activity may be guided by local differences in cell-cell contacts in the marginal zone. Epithelial cell rearrangement in the sea-urchin embryo both elongates the archenteron and simultaneously closes the blastopore. Cell rearrangement is accompanied by stage-specific changes in protrusive activity and cell shape of the basal surfaces of cells in the wall of the gut rudiment, in contrast to the apical surfaces, which show little activity. These basal protrusions may be involved in the rearrangement process. PMID- 3503895 TI - Analysis of in vivo cell movement using transparent tissue systems. AB - The embryos of certain teleost species are transparent and cell behaviour within the intact embryo can be observed and recorded using Nomarski microscopy coupled with time-lapse video recording or time-lapse cine filming. In this report we review some of our recent analyses of cell behaviour patterns underlying key morphogenetic events. (1) Contact-guided cell migration through a structurally ordered extracellular matrix during fin development; (2) movement of tissue layers during epibolic overgrowth; and (3) cell 'social' behaviour during the establishment of the body axis (i.e. notochord formation and somitogenesis). These results, on cell behaviour correlated with normal morphogenesis, provide a baseline for further work in which hypotheses concerning subcellular and molecular controls of cell behaviour can be tested by experimental perturbation in vivo. PMID- 3503896 TI - Early functional differentiation in the chick embryonic disc: interaction between mechanical activity and extracellular matrix. AB - The mechanical behaviour of ectodermal cells in the area opaca and the supracellular organization of fibronectin in the adjacent extracellular matrix were studied in whole chick blastoderms developing in vitro. The pattern of spontaneous mechanical activity and its modification by immunoglobulins against fibronectin were determined using a real-time image-analysis system. The pattern of fibronectin was studied using immunocytochemical techniques. It was found that the ectodermal cells in the area opaca actively develop a radially oriented contraction, which leads to a distension of the area pellucida from which the embryo develops. Abnormally increased tension resulted in perturbations of gastrulation and neurulation. An optimized mechanical equilibrium within the blastoderm seems to be necessary for normal development. Anti-fibronectin antibodies applied to the basal side of the blastoderm led rapidly and reversibly to an increase of tension in the contracted cells. This observation indicates that modifications of the extracellular matrix can be transmitted to cytoskeletal elements within adjacent cells. The extracellular matrix of the area opaca contains fibronectin arranged in radially oriented fibrils. This orientation corresponds to the direction of migration of the mesodermal cells. Interestingly, the radial pattern of fibronectin is found in the regions where the ectodermal cells are contracted and develop radially oriented forces. This observation suggests that the supracellular assembly of the extracellular materials could be influenced by the mechanical activity of adjacent cells. Possible modulations of the supracellular organization of extracellular matrix by other factors, e.g. diffusible metabolites, is also discussed. The presence of characteristically organized extracellular matrix components, of spatially differentiated cell activities and of reciprocal interactions between them makes the young chick blastoderm an excellent system for physiological studies of the coordinated cellular activities that lead to changes in form, complexity and function. PMID- 3503897 TI - Fluidity of the neural epithelium during forebrain formation in rat embryos. AB - During neurulation in rat embryos, the forebrain grows more rapidly than can be accounted for by intrinsic cell division alone, while the adjacent midbrain/rostral hindbrain maintains a constant cell number despite a high mitotic index (the cell cycle time is 6 h throughout the neural epithelium). We have proposed that neuroepithelial cells flow in a rostral direction within the midbrain/rostral hindbrain region, towards and into the rapidly expanding forebrain. Evidence in support of this hypothesis is provided by cell-labelling studies: labelled neuroepithelial cells were injected into specific sites in the midbrain or rostral hindbrain neuroepithelium of unlabelled embryos; after culture of these embryos for 24 h, the labelled cells were found in positions rostral to the injection sites. In the midbrain/rostral hindbrain region, mitotic spindles were found to be predominantly orientated parallel with the long axis of the embryo; transversely orientated spindles were more frequently observed close to the lateral edges than more medially. Neural crest cells emigrate from the lateral edges during neurulation. These observations suggest that mitotic spindle orientation reflects the direction of cell movement: in the lateral region movement towards the lateral edge would maintain cell number in the transverse plane as neural crest cells emigrate; elsewhere, cells are moving mainly in the longitudinal plane, towards the forebrain. The possible causal relationship between cell movement and mitotic spindle orientation is discussed. Cell flow within the intact neural epithelium is compared with cell flow in the intestinal villus epithelium. Other types of epithelial cell movement observed in the cranial neural epithelium during neurulation include expansion and shrinkage of the epithelial surface associated with change of cell shape and microfilament mediated curvature. Cell rearrangement involving exchange of neighbours and cell movement towards and into a site of epithelio-mesenchymal conversion are also implicated. PMID- 3503898 TI - A unified approach to analysing cell motility. AB - The quantitative analysis of cell motility in culture has several important functions. First, it gives a concise and accurate description of the motile process and can detect subtle differences in motility due to different genetic makeup or experimental conditions. Second, its objectivity means that results can be communicated precisely and used unambiguously to test hypotheses about motility. Third, it may be used to derive a mathematical model with the same statistical properties as the motile process and thus elucidate the mechanism of motility. In this paper, we introduce a general procedure for analysing cell motility in a wide variety of circumstances. We describe a pilot project for the analysis of simple geometrical data obtained from randomly moving fibroblasts. Finally, as an example, we show how an analysis of the translocation of the fibroblasts can lead to insights into the mechanism of motility that are arguably not obtainable by any other approach. PMID- 3503899 TI - Gradient perception by neutrophil leucocytes, continued. PMID- 3503900 TI - Differential expression of the ED sequence-containing form of cellular fibronectin in embryonic and adult human tissues. AB - Monoclonal mouse hybridoma antibodies were obtained for secreted cellular fibronectin (cFn) from A8387 fibrosarcoma cells. One of them, 52-DH1 (DH), reacted exclusively with cFns but not with plasma Fns (pFns) in immunoblotting and solid-phase EIA. The DH antibody also recognized thermolysin cFn fragments and beta-galactosidase-Fn fusion protein which contained the ED sequence specific to at least some forms of cFns. On the other hand, the DH antibody failed to recognize a fusion protein that was otherwise identical but lacked the ED sequence. Thus, the antigenic determinant for the DH antibody was located to the ED sequence. The DH antibody was then used to study the expression of ED sequence containing cFn (EcFn). For comparisons, another monoclonal antibody, 52BF12 (BF), recognizing equally well both pFns and cFns, was used. Immunoblotting of pFn fragments indicated that this antibody had the antigenic determinant at or close to the cell-binding site of Fn. EcFn was revealed by the DH antibody in embryonic and adult fibroblasts and in a variety of other cultured normal and malignant human cells. In embryonic tissues EcFn was abundant in developing basement membranes, as shown in foetal kidney and muscle, while in adult tissues it was confined only to endothelia of larger blood vessels. Furthermore, in embryonic tissues the capillaries showed bright EcFn-positivity not found any more in adult tissues. Human plasma contained a small quantity of EcFn, which may hence have an endothelial origin. EcFn was also prominent in the stroma of malignant tumours as well as in reactive benign conditions, such as granulation tissue and decidual cells. The results suggest that EcFn is a form of the protein which may have a particular role in developing and reactive tissues in embryos and adults. PMID- 3503901 TI - F-actin distribution in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - The polarization and amoeboid locomotion of neutrophil leucocytes is stimulated by chemotactic factors, which initiate waves of contraction in both adherent and non-adherent neutrophils. These cyclical contractile events have previously been analysed by time-lapse filming but the mechanisms involved in the coordination of the cytoskeleton during locomotion have not been elucidated, one reason being because of the problems involved in fixing motile cells. In this paper we show that improved fixation of motile neutrophils with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde followed by glycine quenching demonstrated significant differences in the pattern of staining with TRITC-phalloidin in neutrophils moving on different substrata. Previous film analysis had shown the basic features of locomotion to be similar on all substrata. A prominent feature of leucocyte locomotion on two-dimensional substrata (e.g. protein-coated glass), on three dimensional collagen gels or in motile cells floating in suspension, is the wave of contraction that passes antero-posteriorly along the length of the cell. The organization of the cytoskeletal elements has not been demonstrated at contraction waves, but light fixation with glutaraldehyde followed by staining with TRITC-phalloidin demonstrated prominent bands of F-actin in neutrophils inside collagen gels. These bands were not present in neutrophils either in suspension or moving on a two-dimensional substratum. Although all motile neutrophils had brightly stained anterior lamellipodia, the cells moving on the two-dimensional substratum had very extensively ruffled leading lamellae stained very brightly with TRITC-phalloidin. The reasons for the absence of consistent bands of F-actin at contraction waves are discussed. PMID- 3503902 TI - Immunogold localization of placental lactogen and the SBU-3 antigen by cryoultramicrotomy at implantation in the sheep. AB - In the sheep, granulated trophectodermal binucleate cells (BNC) appear at implantation 16 days post coitum (dpc) and persist throughout pregnancy. Conventional immunocytochemical techniques at both light and electron microscope levels have indicated the presence of the ovine placental lactogen (oPL) hormone in the granules but no earlier than 22 dpc, when the level was very low. Immunofluorescent studies using glycolmethacrylate sections between 15 and 55 dpc suggest a completely different distribution of oPL restricted to uninucleate cells with none in the BNC. Using the most sensitive method available, immunocytochemistry on ultrathin frozen sections, the results in this paper demonstrate that BNC granules contain oPL at their earliest appearance (16-17 dpc). No significant localization was found in any uninucleate cell. In contrast, another molecule, the SBU-3 antigen, which is demonstrated in BNC granules later in pregnancy, is not present at the earliest stages but appears between 24 and 28 dpc coincident with the development of the foetal cotyledonary villi. The significance of these results for BNC function are discussed briefly. PMID- 3503903 TI - Evidence that tubulin forms an integral membrane skeleton in molluscan gill cilia. AB - Controlled extraction of intact gill tissue, isolated cilia or reconstituted membrane vesicles with Nonidet P-40 at greater than 4 times the critical micelle concentration, or with octyl glucoside at the critical micelle concentration, delipidates the membrane, leaving a membrane remnant or skeleton of membrane tubulin and associated proteins. This skeleton consists of a disordered reticular protein network in reconstituted membrane vesicles and a similar but more compact sleeve in cilia of extracted tissue. The membrane skeleton is closely apposed to the axoneme and is attached to the outer doublets by fine radial bridges having a 20-24 nm longitudinal periodicity, supporting earlier observations made utilizing a lipophilic cross-linking agent. Higher concentrations of detergent solubilize the membrane tubulin-protein complex, producing 5-10 nm particulate material of low sedimentation coefficient. Dilution of an octyl glucoside solution to below the critical micelle concentration results in disappearance of the particles and reformation of the membrane, indicating that the particles are protein-detergent micelles and not denatured protein. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy reveals no comparable-sized natural particles in the ciliary membrane proper. The reticular material of the membrane skeleton contains tubulin, demonstrated on Lowicryl K4M thin sections by a rabbit polyclonal antibody to sea-urchin egg cytoplasmic tubulin, using gold-labelled secondary antibody. Minimal cross reactivity is detected prior to Triton-delipidation, suggesting that most membrane tubulin antigenic sites are buried within the bilayer and that the tubulin is not simply adsorbed to the lipid bilayer. PMID- 3503904 TI - Assignment of the Es-6 locus to linkage group VII of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) by the use of HXB recombinant inbred rat strains. AB - The Es-6 locus is assigned to linkage group VII of the rat, which consists of three loci, coding for a morphological trait, a histocompatibility antigen and an isozyme polymorphism. The linkage between Es-6 and the lx locus seems to confirm the previously suggested homology between Es-6 and the mouse Es-17 locus and may indicate homology between lx and the mouse lu locus. PMID- 3503905 TI - Hypotensive effect of bromocriptine in normal eyes. AB - The effect of a single oral dose of 2.5 mg Bromocriptine on intraocular pressure over a 12 hour period in a group of 20 puerperal women with normal eyes, is reported. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced, the maximal response being 3-4 hours after administration. Possible explanations for the reducing effect of Bromocriptine on intraocular pressure are discussed. PMID- 3503906 TI - The specificity of the pupillary actions of morphine and naloxone. AB - Like many other opiates, morphine has a specific dose dependent mydriatic effect in mice which is antagonized by naloxone. In the present work we have studied the pupillary effects of the dextrorotatory isomers of morphine and naloxone, in comparison with the levorotatory active isomers. The dextrorotatory isomers lacked agonist and antagonist action, respectively. These results confirm that the pupillary effects of opiates are mediated through specific opiate receptors. PMID- 3503907 TI - Autonomic drug effects after chronic lowering of ocular cholinergic input. I. Pupillary responses. AB - Cholinergic input to the anterior segment of the eye was chronically lowered by ciliary ganglionectomy in cats. Experimental eyes developed supersensitivity to the miotic effects of pilocarpine. In addition, these parasympathetically denervated eyes exhibited a moderate subsensitivity to the mydriatic effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol. Iris preparations accordingly afford the unique opportunity to study the two opposite extremes of normal drug sensitivity simultaneously in the same tissue. PMID- 3503908 TI - Effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on corneal wound healing. AB - This study was designed to compare corticosteroids with ketorolac, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on corneal wound healing in rabbits. The present studies indicate that 0.5% ketorolac does not significantly impair wound healing as determined by corneal tensile strength, whereas 0.1% solution of dexamethasane phosphate resulted in a significant impairment of wound healing. In addition, ketorolac does not impair healing of corneal epithelial abrasion, whereas prednisolone acetate was found to impair wound healing. The development of a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ketorolac provides an alternative method to suppress post-surgical inflammation and does not adversely affect the cellular system involved in corneal repair. PMID- 3503909 TI - Comparative intraocular levels of pilocarpine achieved with drops and repository preparations. AB - The concentrations of pilocarpine in aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body of rabbits following topical treatment with repository preparations or conventional drop therapy were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Higher concentrations of pilocarpine occurred both in aqueous humor and iris ciliary body following topical administration of the 4% gel product than with 4% drops. At 1 hour after administration, 2% drops produced a higher concentration of pilocarpine in the aqueous humor than occurred with the 1.86% pilocarpine emulsion product; however, isopilocarpine present in the emulsion product entered the aqueous humor in equal amounts with the pilocarpine. At 4 hours, equal concentrations of pilocarpine were present in aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body samples with both the 2% drop and 1.86% emulsion therapy. Pilocarpine concentrations were maintained within the aqueous humor of the eye for longer durations with both the gel and emulsion repository preparations than with comparable drop therapy. PMID- 3503910 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of bovine ciliary process: effects of metabolic and transport inhibitors. AB - In the present study we have measured the oxygen consumption and lactic acid production, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, in the bovine ciliary process epithelium (CPE) in the presence and absence of transport modifiers. Basal oxygen consumption was 8-15 microliters O2 consumed/mg protein/hr and decreased by 35% when sodium was removed or ouabain was added to the media. Anaerobic metabolism as measured by lactate production was also attenuated by sodium-free or ouabain treatment. When O2 consumption was severely limited by cyanide, lactic acid production increased significantly ("Pasteur effect"), whereas 2-deoxyglucose reduced lactate formation. Both chloride-free and acetazolamide treated CPE increased their dependency on aerobic glycolysis, and this response was also observed under anaerobic conditions, suggesting the presence of an anion transport mechanism. A net lactate production was also found to occur across the aqueous epithelium under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These results are consistent with the presence of a bicarbonate-sensitive anion transport system located in the ciliary process epithelium. PMID- 3503911 TI - Nasal and conjunctival contributions to the systemic absorption of topical timolol in the pigmented rabbit: implications in the design of strategies to maximize the ratio of ocular to systemic absorption. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of the nasal and the conjunctival mucosae to the systemic absorption of topically applied timolol in the pigmented rabbit. The nasal mucosa was found to be about 2.5 times more efficient than the conjunctival mucosa in contributing to systemic timolol absorption, which occurred to the extent of 74% of the instilled dose. In addition, a minimum of 5-10 min prolongation of ocular contact time was determined to be necessary for significantly reducing systemic drug absorption and indirectly enhancing ocular drug absorption. The pharmaceutical implication of this finding is that ophthalmic vehicles such as polymeric inserts and gels would provide more favorable ocular to systemic drug absorption ratios than vehicles such as aqueous solutions and low-viscosity polymer solutions. PMID- 3503912 TI - Systemic side effects from ophthalmic timolol and their prevention. AB - Topically applied ophthalmic drugs can occasionally produce adverse systemic effects due to systemic absorption of the drug or impediment of the drug's metabolism. Increasing evidence points to significant adverse systemic effects from topical ocular administration of timolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent marketed for the treatment of glaucoma. Various methods to decrease or avoid unwanted systemic effects from eyedrops are discussed, including avoidance of overdosage and how to apply eye medications. PMID- 3503913 TI - Steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the rabbit: a model using subconjunctival injections. AB - Topical application of glucocorticoids in rabbit eyes has been used extensively in the study of steroid-induced ocular hypertension. Herein, we report no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between rabbits treated with topically applied dexamethasone and those receiving a vehicle placebo. In order to develop an alternative model, we have studied the effects on IOP of three subconjunctivally injected steroids: betamethasone, cortisone, and triamcinolone. All three produced elevations in IOP above controls and the most consistent elevation was observed with triamcinolone. Previously, a wide range of changes in IOP have been regarded as significant in studies using the topical mode. Our findings suggest that subconjunctival injections of steroids in rabbits are a viable alternative to topical application and may prove to provide a more consistent and reproducible model for the study of steroid-induced ocular hypertension. PMID- 3503914 TI - The suppression of acute corneal inflammation by Bredinin. AB - This study tested the effect of Bredinin, a nucleoside antibiotic of fungal origin, on experimentally induced acute inflammation of the rabbit cornea. Inflammation was produced by abrasive removal of a 9 mm disk of corneal epithelium. In the dose-response experiments, one eye of each rabbit was treated topically with Bredinin, and the other eye with vehicle immediately after deepithelialization. The acute inflammatory leukocytes in tear film samples were counted at various times and the corneas were examined histologically at the end of the study. A paired t-test revealed that the numbers of acute inflammatory leukocytes after 5 hours were significantly less in the Bredinin-treated eyes, compared with the untreated eyes. The timing of drug-treatment was important; Bredinin was most effective in suppressing acute ocular inflammation when administered at, or within, one hour of the inflammatory stimulus. Histologic analysis demonstrated fewer acute inflammatory leukocytes on the ocular surface and in the stroma of the Bredinin-treated eyes, compared with the untreated eyes. No obvious corneal toxicity was noted, and the drug-treated eyes appeared less inflamed than the control eyes. The results of this study demonstrate the capacity of Bredinin to suppress the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into the tear film and suggest that this drug may have potential for use as a topical anti inflammatory agent. PMID- 3503915 TI - The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of hachimi-jio-gan (traditional Chinese medicine) to rat galactosemic cataract. AB - Hachimi-jio-gan (Rehmannia Eight Formula, pa-wei-ti-huang-wan or Bawei dihuang wan) is one of traditional Chinese medicines which has been used for treating various senile disease for a few hundred years. This drug was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy to rat galactosemic cataract from the suppressive rate of variance of some biochemical parameters, whose variation with cataractogenesis or the advance of cataract have been reported already. The dose of 500mg of Hachimi jio-gan/day/200g of rat body weight suppressed significantly the variations of hydration rate, Na/K ratios, and calcium ion level in the lens with the advance of galactosemic cataract, especially when the drug was administered by the pre- or concurrent-administration before or with 30% of galactose diet respectively. This drug also could delay the progressive rate of lens opacification. However, the drug had no effect to suppress the galactitol accumulation in the lens. From these results, we presume that a drug action of Hachimi-jio-gan may control the balance of sodium, potassium and calcium ions which are important in relation to the maintenance of lens transparency. Then, we realized, that this drug may have a prophylactic efficacy to diabetic cataract, though a more detail study should be needed to apply this drug to human cataract disease. PMID- 3503916 TI - Effect of timolol on intraocular pressure elevation following argon laser iridotomy. AB - Argon laser iridotomy was performed in 123 eyes of 83 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma. Sixty-three eyes received argon laser iridotomies with timolol pretreatment and the other 60 eyes served as controls. There were 43 eyes (71.7%) in the control group and 32 eyes (50.7%) in the timolol-pretreated group, whose intraocular pressure increased significantly over baseline level 2 hours after laser treatment. There was statistical difference in the incidence of intraocular pressure elevation in these two groups. Seven eyes (11.7%) in the control group and 4 eyes (6.2%) in the timolol-pretreated group had intraocular pressure elevation at least 11 mmHg over baseline. Additional 28 patients, who received argon laser iridotomy bilaterally, one eye with timolol pretreatment and the other eye served as a matched control, revealed that eyes which were timolol pretreated had statistically significant less intraocular pressure elevation. PMID- 3503917 TI - Effect of serotonin and its antagonist (ketanserin) on intraocular pressure in the rabbit. AB - The effects of topical and intracameral serotonin and topical, intracameral and intravenous selective (5-HT2) serotonin antagonist, ketanserin, on the intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in the rabbit. The IOP was measured using a pneumotonometer or electromanometrically using intracameral needles. Topical 2% serotonin decreased the IOP by 4.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg (delta IOP, p less than 0.01) in normal eyes. This hypotensive effect was reduced after sympathetic denervation. Intracameral serotonin (4.0 micrograms), on the other hand, caused a rise in the IOP, and a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier, which were not inhibited by sympathectomy. Topical 2% ketanserin lowered the IOP in the ipsilateral eye by 4.1 +/- 0.4 mmHg (p less than 0.001). A decrease in the IOP of the contralateral eye was observed as well. After sympathectomy the hypotensive action of topical ketanserin on the IOP was inhibited. Intravenous ketanserin (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) lowered the IOP significantly and in the sympathectomized eyes a small decrease occurred, as well. In anesthetized animals topical, intravenous or intracameral ketanserin didn't cause a decrease in the IOP. The present study indicates the controlling effect of serotonin and ketanserin on the IOP. The hypotensive actions of topical serotonin and ketanserin on the IOP are at least partly dependent on the intact sympathetic innervation of the eye. However, the action of ketanserin seems to mediate also through central pathways. PMID- 3503919 TI - Topical ocular hypotensive effects of the novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor SCH 33861 in conscious rabbits. AB - SCH 33861 is a novel, non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Topical administration of the compound to the eye of conscious rabbits was employed to examine actions on intraocular pressure (IOP). Falls in IOP resulted from SCH 33861 (0.001-0.01%) administration. Ocular hypotensive responses were sustained for as long as 24 hrs following a single application of 0.001% SCH 33861. The RSS isomer of SCH 33861, which is 200-fold weaker an ACE inhibitor than SCH 33861, caused only transient falls in IOP at 0.1% concentration. The magnitude of the fall in IOP induced by 0.001% SCH 33861 (4.8 +/- 0.5 mmHg) was comparable to that produced by 0.5% timolol (4.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg). Other ACE inhibitors such as captopril (0.1%) and enalaprilic acid (0.01%) also reduced IOP by 4.0 +/- 0.4 and 4.7 +/- 0.4 mmHg, respectively. These findings indicate that SCH 33861 is 500-fold more potent on a weight basis than is timolol in lowering IOP. No loss of ocular hypotensive activity was observed when SCH 33861 was administered twice daily for 5 days suggesting little, if any, potential for tolerance development. SCH 33861, as well as the other ACE inhibitors, caused neither ocular irritation nor alteration of pupil diameter. These findings suggest that inhibition of ocular ACE may represent an effective means of reducing IOP. PMID- 3503918 TI - Hypotensive effect of bromocriptine in glaucomatous eyes. AB - The effect of a single oral dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine on intraocular pressure in 20 glaucoma patients is reported. Intraocular pressure was significantly reduced (31%), the maximal response being after 4-6 hours. A decrease in blood pressure was also noticed, maximal reduction (5%) at 4 hours. Three patients experienced nausea and dizziness. Possibly the reducing effect of bromocriptine on intraocular pressure is mediated by the stimulation of intraocular dopamine receptors (DA2). PMID- 3503920 TI - Cianergoline lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits and monkeys and inhibits contraction of the cat nictitans by suppressing sympathetic neuronal function. AB - Dopamine (DA1 and DA2) receptors have been demonstrated functionally in the anterior segment of the eye. Previous results have indicated that bromocriptine, a relatively selective DA2 agonist, can lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in laboratory animals as well as in normal and glaucomatous humans. Other ergoline derivatives (pergolide, lergotrile, LY141865) have also been demonstrated to lower IOP in laboratory animals. Cianergoline, a new ergoline derivative, was tested for: 1) ocular hypotensive activity in normal and sympathectomized (SX) rabbits and in normal capuchin monkeys, 2) inhibition of induced ocular hypertension by waterloading in rabbits and 3) suppression of contractions of the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) elicited by electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves and by intraarterial (i.a.) injection of norepinephrine (NE). Topically administered cianergoline (0.022-0.22 mg) produced dose-related, unilateral ocular hypotension in normal but not in SX rabbits. In addition, cianergoline (0.5 mg) produced a slight reduction of IOP in capuchin monkeys. There were no significant effects on iris function in rabbits, however, miosis did occur in the monkeys. Cianergoline (0.22mg) suppressed ocular hypertension induced by waterloading in rabbits, and this effect was antagonized by metoclopramide, a relatively selective DA2 antagonist. Cianergoline (1-333 micrograms, i.a.) also produced dose-related inhibition of neuronally mediated contractions of the CNM. Cianergoline inhibited low frequency (2 & 4 Hz) contractile responses of the CNM more than high frequency (6 & 8 Hz) responses. Contractions of the CNM caused by i.a. NE were also inhibited by higher concentrations of cianergoline. These data demonstrate that cianergoline, like bromocriptine, can lower IOP and that the predominant mechanism involves inhibition of sympathetic neuronal function at prejunctional (DA2) and postjunctional (alpha 1) adrenoceptors. PMID- 3503921 TI - In vivo comparison of phenylephrine and phenylephrine oxazolidine instilled in the monkey eye. AB - The ocular and cardiovascular effects as well as aqueous humor and plasma concentrations of 10% phenylephrine HCl and 1% phenylephrine oxazolidine (prodrug) were compared in cynomolgus monkeys. A volume of 25 microliters of either drug was administered to one eye followed by blood pressure, pulse, and pupillary measurements at 10 min intervals up to 60 minutes. Careful slit lamp examinations of the anterior segment, indirect ophthalmoscopy of the vitreous and retina, and ERGs were performed at 60 minutes. Four plasma determinations of phenylephrine following administration of either drug were made between 5 and 60 minutes. Measurement of phenylephrine in aqueous humor was also determined at 60 minutes following all other measurements. The maximal pupillary dilation after administration of 1% prodrug (mean + s.d. = 4.4 + 0.5 mm, n = 12) was slightly greater than after administration of phenylephrine 10% (mean + s.d. = 3.9 + 0.8 mm, n = 12). The differences in pupillary diameter from 20 through 40 minutes were statistically greater for the prodrug. The greater pupillary diameter at the earlier times resulted in an onset of pupillary dilation approximately 15 minutes earlier for the 1% prodrug. There was no ocular toxicity from either drug. Neither drug resulted in any ERG changes compared to baseline. Significantly higher aqueous humor levels along with lower plasma levels were detected and found to be statistically different following administration of the 1% prodrug when compared to 10% phenylephrine. PMID- 3503922 TI - Heat-shock proteins induced during the mycelial-to-yeast transitions of strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Heat-shock proteins (hsp) were elicited when mycelia of the Downs strain and the more virulent G184A and G222B strains of Histoplasma capsulatum were shifted up to temperatures which induced the mycelial-to-yeast transition (34-40 degrees C). The classes of the major hsp which increased in synthesis in each strain were similar. However, the pattern of synthesis of these proteins at the different temperatures in Downs differed from those in the G184A and G222B strains: hsp synthesis in Downs peaked at 34 degrees C, whereas in G184A and G222B it was highest at 37 degrees C. PMID- 3503923 TI - Reduced expression of outer-membrane proteins in beta-lactam-resistant mutants of Enterobacter cloacae. AB - Two antibiotic-resistant mutants of Enterobacter cloacae (AZT-R and AMA-R), obtained by selection with aztreonam and carumonam, were studied. Both mutants were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. In addition, AMA-R was also resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and brodimoprim, whereas AZT-R was hypersensitive to these compounds. Cytoplasmic and outer membranes of these bacteria were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of the outer membranes using SDS-PAGE showed marked changes in the bands corresponding to the porins (between 35 and 40 kDa). In the two mutants, the 39 kDa band was reduced to approximately 30% of the wild-type and the 36.5 kDa band was absent. Labelling of the outer membranes with the hydrophobic photolabel 3 (trifluoomethyl)- 3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID) enabled the above bands as well as a 28.8 kDa band to be identified as integral membrane proteins, thus supporting the suggestion that they correspond to porins and OmpA protein, respectively. Whereas the changes observed in outer-membrane proteins are assumed to be responsible for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the basis of hypersensitivity of AZT-R to hydrophobic antibiotics remains to be more clearly defined. PMID- 3503924 TI - Streptavidin assay by means of biotinylated actinophages. AB - Using D-biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, biotin was covalently attached to actinophage SLE 111. The chemically modified actinophage preparation (SLE 111 BIO) was prevented from forming plaques by biotin-binding proteins, such as streptavidin and avidin. The avidin concentration at 50% inactivation of biotinylated actinophages was 0.5 micrograms/ml. The streptavidin assay was useful as pre-selection method during the screening and improvement work with streptavidin-producing microorganisms. PMID- 3503926 TI - Cellular and molecular aspects of glial neurone interactions. 11th Gif lecture in neurobiology. Gif-sur-Yvette, November 27-28th 1986. PMID- 3503925 TI - Leucine aminopeptidase in intracytoplasmic membranes of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - Cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain 69-V contain an aminopeptidase that cleaves L-leucine amide, leucylglycine or leucine hydrazide with high efficiency. Leucine 4-nitroanilide and hydrazide are hydrolyzed to less than 0.1% and 1%, resp. of leucine amide. Grown on acetate-NH4+ medium the activity of the enzyme in the cytoplasm is increased 5-fold compared with cells grown on a casamino acid medium or on yeast extract. In these cases the specific activity of the unpurified enzyme is about 5 nkat/mg for the cytoplasmic and membrane-bound enzyme species as well. Up to 30% of the aminopeptidase activity were found mainly in intracytoplasmic membranes, less in cytoplasmic membranes and only traces in outer membranes, presumably as contaminations. It is solubilized by detergents but not by high salt concentrations. An addition of antipain or Z-Ala2 Phe-CH3 before cell rupture did not change the distribution of the enzyme. A mixture of EDTA and 1.10-phenanthroline diminished the membrane-bound enzyme from 11.4% to 4.3% and leupeptin or E-64 increased it to 20%. The enzyme is regarded as leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) bound to intracytoplasmic membranes. PMID- 3503927 TI - Receptors for dopamine and serotonin on astrocytes of cultured rat central nervous system. AB - 1. The actions of dopamine, apomorphine, serotonin and their antagonists on the membrane potential of astrocytes in explant cultures of rat striatum, brain stem and spinal cord have been examined. 2. Dopamine, apomorphine and serotonin caused hyperpolarizations of the majority of astrocytes tested. A small number of cells was depolarized and on a relatively large number of astrocytes the amines had no effect. 3. The hyperpolarizations by dopamine were reversibly blocked by its antagonists cis-flupenthixol and domperidone whereas those by serotonin were antagonized by its antagonist ketanserin. 4. Light microscopic autoradiographic studies revealed a great number of binding sites for 3H-dopamine, 3H-serotonin and their antagonists on cultured astrocytes. 5. Our electrophysiological and autoradiographic studies indicate that astrocytes possess receptors for dopamine and serotonin. Little is as yet known about their functional role. Biochemical studies suggest that in glial cells these amines influence the levels of c-AMP and are involved in the breakdown of inositol phospholipids. Serotonin might further be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism by promoting glycogenolysis in glial cells, thus supplying neurones with energy-reserves. PMID- 3503928 TI - Glial cells of the crayfish and their relationships with neurons. An ultrastructural study. AB - 1. Glial cells of the crayfish abdominal ganglia have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Special attention is paid to the interrelationships between neurons and glial cells. Covers and hemocyte-related elements have also been considered. 2. Glial cells are identified by a common ultrastructure and close relationships with neurons. Four glial classes are considered, depending on their morphology, the compartment of neurons they ensheathe and neuron-glia interface. 3. Four ultrastructural classes of neurons are proposed. They differ in geometry and ultrastructure, as well as in glial covers (complexity and evaginations into the neuron somata). The morphology and organization of glial covers is specific for the neuron type they ensheathe. Specific glial covers do not differ in glia-glia communicatory structures. 4. The morphological and metabolical compartments of neurons are separated from the extracellular matrix or blood by specific glial systems. A system of two cells is interposed between neuron somata and hemolymph or the extracellular matrix. 5. Glial processes are crossed by membraneous tubular systems, at neuron perikarya and axons. Frequent gap junctions of varying area, density and number of IMP are found in the covers of neuron somata. 6. Neuron-glia interface bears numerous communicatory structures for both ionic and macromolecular exchange. They include junctions and transient modifications of membranes. Some of them suggest active transport mechanisms. 7. Modified endocytotic mechanisms seem to be responsible for the glia-to-neuron transfer of macromolecules as well as for the neuron-to glia transfer of lamellar bodies. 8. The neuropil is divided into glomeruli (electrical or chemical) by glial processes and the trabeculae of the extracellular dense matrix. Neuron-glia membrane appositions have been found in electrical glomeruli. In chemical glomeruli, dense cored vesicles can release their content at neuron-neuron or neuron-glia intercellular cleft, at non synaptic loci. 9. Neurons of type II contain peripheral complex Golgi systems, associated to subsurface cisternae and neuron-glia gap junctions, suggesting a cooperation of glial cells in specific macromolecular synthesis. PMID- 3503929 TI - The supply of metabolic substrate from glia to photoreceptors in the retina of the honeybee drone. AB - 1. The drone retina is composed essentially of only two types of cells: a population of identical photoreceptor cells occupying 38% of the volume is embedded in a syncytium of glia (called outer pigment cells). Nearly all the mitochondria are in the photoreceptors. 2. A retinal slice consumes 18 microliter O2 (ml tissue)-1 min-1 in the dark for up to 6 h, even without exogenous substrate; in 6 h this would require the equivalent of 127 mM glucose in the photoreceptors or 8.7 mg glycogen (ml tissue)-1. 3. Freshly dissected retinas contain about 45 mg glycogen (ml tissue)-1, but this appears, from electron micrographs and from the PAS reaction, to be exclusively in the glia. After superfusion with substrate-free Ringer solution for 30 min, slices of retina contained less than 20 microM glucose. It therefore appears that to sustain respiration, carbohydrate substrate must be transferred from the glia to the photoreceptors. 4. Even after 6 h superfusion with substrate-free Ringer solution O2 consumption (QO2) was not increased by exogenous glucose, pyruvate, trehalose or lactate, nor decreased by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. QO2 was increased 2-3 fold by either light stimulation or (for at least 20 min) by 50 microM dinitrophenol. 5. QO2 was only slightly reduced when Na-dependent glucose transport was inhibited either by reduction of extracellular [Na+], or the presence of phlorizin. 6. It is suggested that drone retinal function does not require the uptake of glucose by the photoreceptors, but that the glia do take up glucose. PMID- 3503930 TI - Neuronal-derived factors regulating glial cell proliferation and maturation. AB - We purified to homogeneity two active factors, named astroglial growth factors (AGFs: AGF2 and AGF1), from bovine brain after two and three chromatographic steps, respectively. We found that AGFs have a strong affinity for heparin. Therefore, heparin affinity chromatography was used to purify rapidly and efficiently these growth factors. The purified AGF1 is an acidic protein (pI: 5.5) with an apparent molecular weight of about 17,500 daltons; the AGF2 is a basic protein (pI: 9.5) of 18,500 daltons. The comparison of the physico-chemical properties, the aminoacid composition and the amino-terminal sequence of the AGFs with that of other growth factors isolated from the brain and affecting the proliferation of other cell types has indicated that AGF1 and AGF2 are identical to the acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), respectively. Both factors stimulate the proliferation as well as the morphological and biochemical maturation of the astroglial cells. Both factors enhance also the multiplication of oligodendroglial cells. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against AGFs have been prepared and used for immunocytochemical localization of these molecules in the rat brain and cerebellum. AGFs are found exclusively in neuronal cells. PMID- 3503931 TI - Further studies on the role of astroglia in brain neurons maturation and morphogenesis. AB - Using in vitro cultures of dissociated brain neurons and astrocytes, we have compared the morphologies of mesencephalic and striatal neurons cultured for two days on mesencephalic and striatal astrocytes in the four possible combinations. From these comparisons, it appears that: 1. Neurons grown on co-regionalized (homotopic) astrocytes have more primary neurites and branching points than neurons grown on heterotopic astrocytes. 2. The total neuritic length is only slightly affected by the type of co-culture. 3. The branched arborization which develop faster on homotopic astrocytes present several dendritic features. Following these morphological observations, we have been able to demonstrate: 1. That mesencephalic astrocytes (but not striatal astrocytes) secrete trypsin sensitive factors different from laminin and FGF that increase the number of primary neurites and branching points but have no or little effect on total neuritic length. 2. That mesencephalic astrocytes (but not striatal astrocytes) present at their surface a 190 KD glycoprotein specifically recognized by the fucose-specific lectin UEA. PMID- 3503932 TI - Anisotonic media and glutamate-induced ion transport and volume responses in primary astrocyte cultures. AB - 1. The responses of primary monolayer astrocyte cultures prepared from neonatal rat brains to hyper- and hypotonic media and to the addition of L-glutamic acid were examined as part of a systematic approach to use these cultures to obtain information on the mechanisms of the volume changes seen in astroglial cells in situ. 2. Addition of 200 mM mannitol to the medium to make it hypertonic caused cell shrinkage as measured with [14C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose, and also activated K+ and Cl- uptake measured with 86Rb+ and 36Cl- respectively. The increased ion uptake was completely inhibited by 0.1 mM bumetanide, showing that the Na+ + K+ + 2 Cl- co-transport system was being activated by cell shrinkage. 3. Studies of 86Rb+ uptake as a function of external K+ and hypertonic media showed a complex pattern. Increased bumetanide-sensitive, hypertonic-stimulated uptake of 86Rb+ was seen up to 20 mM K+0, with maximum stimulation being first reached at around 2 to 5 mM K+. At concentrations greater than 20 mM K+0 there was a further increase in bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake, but there was no stimulation of this uptake by hypertonicity. There were also increases in bumetanide-insensitive 86Rb+ fluxes at [K+]0 higher than 20 mM that may have been due to opening of voltage-dependent K+ channels; this increased 86Rb+ flux was decreased in hypertonic medium. 4. When primary astrocyte cultures were swollen in hypotonic medium there was a rapid increase in volume as measured with [14C] 3-O-methyl-D glucose, which then decreased in the continued presence of hypotonic medium. Thus, these cells exhibit volume regulatory decrease or RVD, as described for other cells. The possible ionic bases of this phenomenon have not yet been fully examined but the initial RVD did not appear to stimulate a furosemide-sensitive cotransport system. 5. Glutamate has been implicated as a possible endogenous effector of volume change in astrocytes. In the presence of ouabain, L-glutamate led to swelling of cultured astrocytes and increased uptake of 22Na+ and 36Cl-. It is suggested that this is due to uptake of L-glutamate with cotransport of Na+ and Cl-. Increased uptake was also seen for 86Rb+ in the absence of ouabain, and this was not seen in the absence of Na+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 3503933 TI - Molecular and cellular aspects of axon-glia interaction in CNS regeneration. AB - The relationships of neurons and non-neuronal cells are vital for the maintenance and function of neurons. Trauma alters these relationships causing proliferation of non-neuronal cells and, in adult mammalian CNS, presumably disturbs the environmental support needed for regeneration. A supportive environment can be restored by introducing a regenerating nerve to injured mammalian CNS. This response is probably due, at least in part, to diffusible substances secreted by the non-neuronal cells. We have obtained diffusible substances from either regenerating fish optic nerves or neonatal rabbit optic nerves and applied them around crushed adult rabbit optic nerves. This manipulation caused the adult nerve to show regenerative changes: a general increase of protein synthesis in the retinas; selective increase in synthesis of a few polypeptides in the retinas; sprouting from the retinas in vitro; increased viability of nerve fibers as shown by HRP staining; and the appearance of growth cones adjacent to glial limitans in the injured nerves. We termed these diffusible, active substances "Growth Associated Triggering Factors" (GATFs). In addition to the phenomena described above, the active substances (obtained in the form of media conditioned by regenerating fish optic nerve or neonatal rabbit optic nerve) caused various other changes in the injured nerve itself: acceleration of non-neuronal cell proliferation; changes in the protein pattern, e.g. an increase in a 12 kDa polypeptide which might be a second mediator in the cascade of events leading to regeneration; increased laminin immunoreactive sites in the nerve; and the acquisition of growth supportive activity in media conditioned by the implanted injured nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 3503934 TI - Potassium homeostasis in the nervous system of cephalopods and crustacea. AB - 1. Previous work has shown that nerve activity is associated with a significant release of potassium in the vicinity of the axonal membrane. Several mechanisms are normally present which reduce K+ accumulation in the extra-axonal space. 2. In intact connectives of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, repetitive stimulation of the giant axons was associated with an apparent hyperpolarization measured by an interstitial microelectrode, which most probably corresponds to depolarization of the inner face of the perineurial cells by K+ ions leaving the axons. 3. In desheathed connectives of the crayfish, potassium accumulated during long depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses but cleared away very quickly at the end of the pulse. 4. In the small squid, Alloteuthis subulata, repetitive stimulation of giant axons in situ in fresh and well-perfused animals did not result in a large decrease in the positive after potential (undershoot), reflecting the absence of potassium accumulation. A similar absence of accumulation was observed in vitro for carefully and freshly dissected isolated axons from live squids. 5. In both cases, deterioration of the physiological state of the axon was accompanied by a significant potassium accumulation. Potassium accumulation could also be reversibly enhanced by decreasing the osmotic pressure of the bathing medium, whereas hyperosmotic solutions had the opposite effect. These results are compatible with the idea that Schwann cells around the axon play a key role in K+ homeostasis. 6. Experiments on giant axons of the large squid species, Loligo forbesi confirmed the observations made on Alloteuthis in that fresh preparations exhibited little potassium accumulation. Under voltage-clamp conditions, 10 ms depolarizing pulses to various potential levels did not induce any accumulation in these preparations as reflected by the outward tail current. Large accumulation was observed in older axons under similar experimental conditions. 7. A large peri-axonal space associated with healthy glial cells appears to be a prerequisite for efficient K+ homeostasis in both crayfish and squid. Other mechanisms involving specific transport mechanisms across axonal and glial membranes are also likely to be involved. PMID- 3503935 TI - Attitudes towards patients infected with HIV. PMID- 3503936 TI - Medical manpower planning: factors influencing workload in general practice. PMID- 3503937 TI - Health service costs and the general practitioner's role in relation to prescribing. PMID- 3503938 TI - Lifestyles and social class: implications for primary care. AB - Data from the Oxford healthy life survey were used to explore social class variations in beliefs about the determinants of health, willingness to contemplate behaviour change and experience of lifestyle advice in primary care.While the association between lifestyle factors and health was well recognized by all social groups, those in social classes 1 and 2 were more likely than others to stress the importance of smoking, diet and exercise, while those in social classes 4 and 5 were more likely than middle class people to emphasize the effect of socioeconomic influences on health such as unemployment, income, pollution and housing. Members of all social classes attributed considerable importance to psychosocial influences on health. In all social classes a substantial proportion of overweight people expressed a desire to reduce their weight, smokers to modify their smoking habits and sedentary people to increase the amount of exercise they took. However, there was less interest in dietary change or reduction of alcohol consumption. One third of the smokers and of those who were overweight had received advice from health professionals about behaviour modification, but less than 10% of those in the other risk groups reported receiving advice. There was a high demand for advice on health; 44% of all respondents said they would be interested in receiving advice on a healthier lifestyle. PMID- 3503939 TI - Women's preferences for sex of doctor: a postal survey. AB - A random sample of 512 women were sent a questionnaire to determine whom they see and whom they would prefer to see for primary and preventive health care, including screening for breast and cervical cancer. The response rate was 86%.The majority of women had had at least one cervical smear test, most of them carried out by a general practitioner. Two thirds of the women had had a physical breast examination, but only one third had been shown breast self-examination techniques - again the general practitioner was the health professional most often involved.The women's preferences for who to see for primary and preventive health care were problem/procedure specific. Less than one in 10 said they would prefer to see a female general practitioner for general health problems, compared with nearly six out of 10 for women's health problems. Similarly, almost 60% would prefer to see a female health professional for cervical screening and for breast screening by physical examination and instruction in self-examination. Just under half of all the respondents - two fifths of the over 45 years age group and half of the younger women - said they would prefer a female doctor for breast screening by mammography.A female general practitioner was the first choice for cervical screening for the highest proportion of women (41%) and the proportion was even higher among women from the manual classes and among older women from the nonmanual classes. More women general practitioners might increase compliance rates for cervical screening among these high risk groups. PMID- 3503940 TI - Evaluation of an integrated community antenatal clinic. AB - The obstetric outcome and experience of care of 96 pregnant women attending an integrated community antenatal clinic staffed by general practitioners, a community midwife and an obstetric accredited senior registrar were compared with those of 100 women receiving traditional shared antenatal care. The views of the women and their practitioners were sought; obstetric data were obtained from obstetric notes, hospital records and cooperation cards.Fewer women attending the community clinic suffered from hypertension than women receiving shared care. The women attending the clinic reported that it had a friendly, relaxed and personal atmosphere. They also reported less inconvenience and a shorter waiting time for the obstetrician than women receiving shared care. They received greater continuity of care from the obstetrician but less from the general practitioners and community midwives than the control women. There was greater satisfaction with communication with staff among women attending the clinic, with the exception of the midwife whose role was not sufficiently well delineated. Practitioners in the integrated scheme appreciated the close working arrangements but experienced an increase in administrative tasks. PMID- 3503941 TI - A randomized controlled trial of an information booklet for hypertensive patients in general practice. AB - A randomized controlled trial of an information and medical record booklet designed to improve patient understanding and participation in the management of hypertension was conducted in six inner London general practices. After one year there were no significant differences between the group who had received the booklets and the control group in mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure, but the study group scored significantly higher on knowledge about hypertension and its management. However, the difference between the two groups was small, possibly because both groups started with a high level of understanding about hypertension and its management. In addition, the mean diastolic blood pressure in the control group showed that the treatment provided was already satisfactory, and that there was little need for improvement. Nevertheless, the information booklet evaluated in this study provides health professionals with a highly acceptable method of informing the patient about hypertension and its management and could be used both in hospital and general practice. PMID- 3503942 TI - Risk factors for mortality after bereavement: a logistic regression analysis. AB - A national sample of elderly widowed people was followed up for six years. Excess mortality was found for men aged 75 years and over in the first six months of bereavement compared with men of the same age in the general population. Logistic regression analysis, controlling for age and sex together, demonstrated that the best independent predictors of mortality among the elderly widowed were: interviewer assessment of low happiness level; interviewer assessed and self reported problems with nerves and depression; and lack of telephone contacts. The general practitioner is well placed to assess levels of depression and unhappiness among the widowed and to check that they have adequate social support. PMID- 3503943 TI - Sex and health promotion: the need for a new primary care initiative. AB - The adverse consequences of sexual behaviour are increasingly important. Half a million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases were reported in England in 1984 and at present there is one legal abortion for every five births. The services provided for the sexually active population are disparate and uncoordinated and it is time for a radical reappraisal of the care and advice they receive. The case is made for a new member of the primary care team, a ;sex education and health promotion nurse', who would ensure that all sexually active men and women are identified and are receiving the sex education and contraceptive services they need, provide pre-conception and fertility advice, run cervical and breast screening programmes, and counsel patients who have AIDS or who have had an abortion. PMID- 3503944 TI - Reasons for smoking. PMID- 3503945 TI - Orthopaedic medicine. PMID- 3503946 TI - Otalgia in general practice. PMID- 3503947 TI - Maidese versus motherese--is the language input of child and adult caregivers similar? PMID- 3503948 TI - Recursion in development: support for a biological model of language. PMID- 3503949 TI - The narrative styles of normal first and third grade children. PMID- 3503950 TI - Syntactic clause boundaries, speech timing, and stuttering frequency in adult stutterers. PMID- 3503952 TI - Intrinsic factor antibody seroconversion. PMID- 3503951 TI - Automated haematology: a comparative study of cell counting and sizing using aperture impedance and flow cytometric systems. PMID- 3503953 TI - Human breast milk: laboratory detection of enzymes, and their use as markers for control of the pasteurisation process. PMID- 3503955 TI - Five-day platelet storage: a comparison of in vitro function using various blood packs. PMID- 3503954 TI - Long term preservation of red cell antibody identification panels in low ionic strength solution. PMID- 3503957 TI - The application of robotics in the medical laboratory. PMID- 3503956 TI - Histopathology and bacteriology: possible developments for the next seventy-five years. PMID- 3503958 TI - The influence of future change on medical laboratory management. PMID- 3503959 TI - Preparation of chromic chloride solutions for indirect rosetting: a rapid method. PMID- 3503960 TI - [The effect of sulbactam-ampicillin on renal function]. AB - In this study, the effect of a beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam-ampicillin on renal function of albino mice was investigated and compared with the control and ampicillin groups. PMID- 3503961 TI - [Acute maxillary sinusitis treated with spiramycin]. AB - 25 girls (54.3%) and 21 boys (45.7%) total 46 patients with clinically and radiologically proven acute maxillary sinusitis have been treated with spiramycin. The dosage of the drug was 50 mg/kg/daily and the duration of the therapy was 10 days. Total cure has been achieved in 34 patients (73.9%) and no side effects of the drug has been detected. PMID- 3503962 TI - [Determination of caries activity levels in children aged 4-6 years by the modified Snyder test]. AB - Modified Snyder Test, which is a good instrument in motivating the patient and determining the effectiveness of preventive programs, is used commonly in Public Health Research programs for measuring the the caries activity levels. In our study, by using modified Snyder Test instead of Snyder Test, which is more preferable because of its' simplicity in application, we determined the caries activity levels of the children, aged between 4-6 years, which remained as an unexamined group in our population up to date. In our study, consisting of fifty children, caries rate was found to be 36% depending on WHO's criteria, while caries percentile for each tooth was 5.8% and df index was 1.18. According to the modified Snyder Test results, 46% of the children had positive results at the end of the 48 hours, which indicates a mild caries activity degree. This result is also in accordance with the caries of the group. PMID- 3503963 TI - [The survival of Campylobacter coli in raw milk]. AB - The survival of three strains of Campylobacter coli (two isolated from milk of a cow with mastitis, one from poultry intestine) was studied in unpasteurized milk. Survival of C. coli strains at 37 degrees C varied greatly: bovine strains showed a 1-log10 decrease in viable cells, and the poultry strain showed 5-log10 decrease after 48 hours. Bovine strains lived longer (5 days) than poultry strain (2 days) at 37 degrees C. There was no difference between the strains from different origin in unpasteurized milk held at refrigeration temperatures. Both strains survived 18 days in milk at 4 degrees C. These results indicate the presence and possible excretion of C. coli in raw milk and reaffirm the need for pasteurization of milk. PMID- 3503964 TI - [Actinomyces and other bacteria isolated from cervical cultures of women using IUDs]. AB - In this study we performed endocervical cultures from 517 patients with infection. In 75 of these 517 cultures (14.5%) Actinomyces has been grown. The incidence of Actinomyces has increased in correlation with IUD period, but the type of IUD has not affected the incidence of Actinomyces. Actinomycosis of uterus is usually superficial. It rarely spreads and causes pelvic actinomycosis. Even it can change to systemic infection. For this reason, in women who have used IUDs for long period Actinomyces infection should be kept in mind. Clinicians should be in corporation with the laboratories, this is important for identification of the microorganism and for the right therapy. PMID- 3503967 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic features of herpetic ocular lesions in immunosuppressed patients]. AB - Clinical and therapeutic features of herpetic ocular lesions, which developed in 10 eyes of 9 patients with immune systems suppressed due to immunosuppressive treatment were evaluated. Although the herpetic ocular lesions in these patients did not exhibit extraordinary morphological patterns, it was noticeable that they were more widespread in extent with rapid course of development. Complete healing of the lesions essentially needed employment of topical acyclovir ointment for relatively extended period of time. PMID- 3503965 TI - [Childhood and adolescent acute maxillary sinusitis]. AB - In the first part of this study, a correlation between the throat and nasopharyngeal cultures and the etiological agents of sinusitis given in the literature is investigated. No correlation has been found. In the second part, 80 patients is divided randomly into three groups, 23 patients (28.8%) has been given serum physiologic therapy, 34 patients (42.4%) amoxicillin + antihistaminic + nose drops therapy and 23 patients (28.8%) amoxicillin + antihistaminic + nose drops therapy. Statistically significant clavulanate difference has been found in the cure rate between the antibiotic related regimens and serum physiologic therapies (p less than 0.05), but no significance has been found between amoxicillin and amoxicillin clavulanate regimens (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 3503966 TI - [PPD screening in school children with and without BCG vaccination]. AB - In this work PPD screening has been carried out in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated school children of various socioeconomical conditions in Sivas. The Immunity and infection ratios in vaccinated children according to being vaccinated one, two, three, four, five and more then five years ago were as follows; 37.7% and 8.4%, 29.4% and 7.3%, 28.5% and 6.0%, 32.3% and 4.2%, 26.0% and 10.9%, 27.3% and 5.5% respectively. There wasn't any significant difference from statistical point of view among these groups (P greater than 0.05). The ratio of tuberculosis++ infection was 26.5% in the unvaccinated group where as in the vaccinated group it was only 6.6%. When the ratios of these groups were compared from the statistical point of view the difference was found to be significant (P less than 0.05). PMID- 3503969 TI - [Production of rifamycin complex]. AB - In this study, by using synthetic medium and Streptomyces mediterranai rifamycin was produced by fermentation in laboratory scale. By means of spectrophotometric determination and microbiological assay, production of antibiotic by the organism was proved. PMID- 3503968 TI - [Isolation of Campylobacter species from various animals and evaluation of zoonotic aspects]. AB - Campylobacter species isolated from animal sources during 5-years period were documented in this report. Campylobacter species were isolated from 1077 (58.1%) of the 1852 specimens from cattle, sheep, dogs, cat and chickens. Of the 1077 strains obtained, the most common species were C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus subsp. fetus. Isolates of Campylobacter species were cultured most commonly from intestines (94.8%) and liver (56%) of chickens and gallbladders of sheep (57.3%). The potential roles of animal sources in human Campylobacter infections were discussed. PMID- 3503970 TI - Dietary aluminum. PMID- 3503971 TI - The outcome of neonatal hepatitis after surgical intervention. PMID- 3503972 TI - Diarrhoeal problems in South East Asia, 1986. PMID- 3503973 TI - Denver Developmental Screening Test on children in the Well-Baby Clinic, Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Indonesia. PMID- 3503975 TI - The spectrum of gastrontestinal disease in the out patient clinic of Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. PMID- 3503974 TI - The pattern of the causes of death in children in rural swampy area of South Sumatra, Indonesia. PMID- 3503976 TI - Body surfing as a cause of luxatio erecta: report of four cases. AB - True inferior dislocation of the shoulder (luxatio erecta) is a rare type of shoulder dislocation. It is caused by hyperabduction of the arm while in the overhead position. We report four recent cases, all of which occurred while body surfing. All of the individuals in this report were struck by a wave with their arms in the overhead position and their arms were forced into the sand. PMID- 3503977 TI - Beyond replantation: microsurgical salvage of complex hand injuries. AB - The authors believe that certain complex hand injuries so severe as to be considered for amputation or simple proximal revision, may under some circumstances be salvaged with the use of appropriate microsurgical techniques. They present three examples of severely injured hands to illustrate the reconstructive potential of microsurgery. Salvage techniques are considered in some detail including debridement, evaluation and planning, fixation, restoration of circulation, reconstruction of tendons, joints and nerves, and provision of coverage. The importance of vein grafts for successful salvage of complex hand injuries is emphasized. PMID- 3503978 TI - Fracture of the inner bearing inserts--a cause of hip dislocation in the original Bateman hip prosthesis. PMID- 3503979 TI - Segmental reconstruction of the femoral shaft. PMID- 3503980 TI - Limping child--osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. A case report. AB - A case of osteochondritis dissecans of the talus in a young child is reported. It is an uncommon condition in this age group and easily may be overlooked due to lack of pathognomonic symptoms and signs. When no other cause is obvious, the condition should be considered in cases of children who limp. PMID- 3503981 TI - The pediatric counter rotation system (CRS)--an improvement on the Denis Browne splint for post club foot release splinting: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases are presented where children in post club foot release splinting programs could not tolerate the traditional Denis Browne splint. A new device, the counter rotation system (CRS), allows the child a remarkable freedom of motion. This device was substituted with successful completion of the splinting program. PMID- 3503982 TI - Orthopaedics overseas #12. An orthopaedic teaching program in Bangladesh. PMID- 3503983 TI - Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using silastic rod technique. AB - A five-year follow-up of a reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament technique is presented. The study involved a total of 18 patients, all evaluated by Feagin's criteria to assess stability and function. Overall assessment showed 83.3% of patients perfect, or near perfect; and 11.1% of patients good. On subjective evaluation, 93.5% had good to excellent results. Objective evaluation showed 94.4% overall had good to excellent stability. The microsurgical technique is also presented. Eighteen patients, approximately 32.9 months postreconstruction, showed over 90% good to excellent results. Although the series is small, the results are encouraging. PMID- 3503985 TI - Chondroblastoma of the patella with a pathologic fracture. A case report. PMID- 3503984 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. PMID- 3503986 TI - Bilateral intrinsic compartment syndrome of the hands in an 18-month-old child. AB - Intrinsic compartment syndrome of the hands is a relatively rare phenomenon. When it does occur, prompt recognition and early treatment are essential for a favorable outcome. The bilateral occurrence of this phenomenon is extremely rare; to the best of our knowledge it has not previously been described in a young child. We present a case of bilateral occurrence involving all intrinsic compartments of both hands in an 18-month-old child. Early diagnosis, prompt surgical decompression, and early postoperative rehabilitation provided a favorable, functional outcome. PMID- 3503987 TI - Roentgen rounds #92. Pseudotumor of the humerus with an associated Hill-Sachs lesion. PMID- 3503988 TI - Protective effect of inosine against adrenaline toxicity in rats. AB - The effect of inosine (200 mg/kg ip) injected 30 and 10 min before adrenaline (AD) administration to rats was studied. AD in the single dose (2 mg/kg sc) evoked heart necrosis evidenced by plasma activities of CPK-MB, CPK, blood lactates concentrations and histopathological examination. Inosine pretreatment caused less pronounced enhancement of enzyme activities and lactate concentrations in both experimental groups. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of inosine on adrenaline-induced myocardial necrosis. PMID- 3503989 TI - Effect of repeated administration of antidepressant drugs on the serum and brain concentration of testosterone and its metabolites. AB - A repeated oral treatment (twice daily, for 21 consecutive days) with 10 mg/kg of antidepressants imipramine, amitriptyline, citalopram, mianserin affects the level of testosterone and its metabolites (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17 beta) in the serum and brain structures (cerebral cortex, hypothalamus). Citalopram and mianserin increased significantly the serum testosterone concentration, while imipramine and amitriptyline reduced the concentration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. In the cerebral cortex a reduction in 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone after imipramine, and in the hypothalamus a decrease in testosterone level after amitriptyline were observed. None of the investigated drugs influenced estradiol-17 beta concentration in the serum or in the brain. PMID- 3503990 TI - Synthesis and antitumor properties of pyrazolo [3,4-D] pyrimidine derivatives. AB - Several new 5-substituted 1-phenylpyrazole [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity. Compound 17, which has 3,4 dichlorophenyl moiety at N5 of the pyrazole pyrimidine ring, shows a strong activity against L-1210 leukemia (152%). On the other hand, compounds 15, 17 and 21 were the most active against sarcoma Sa-180. It was observed that many derivatives of pyrazole [3,4-d] pyrimidine possess different biological, especially antitumor properties [1-6, 9, 10]. PMID- 3503991 TI - Vitamin A-induced suppression/enhancement of protein glycosylation and neurulation. AB - Glycoconjugates play major roles in many cellular functions, e.g. cell migration and cell-to-cell adherence, which are involved in neurulation. The maternal administration of vitamin A on gestation day 8.5 and 9.0 resulted in a high percentage of primary and secondary neurulation defects in gestation day 12 mouse embryos. The neuroepithelium of normal and abnormal embryos was analyzed by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and one-dimensional Western blots using concanavalin A (Con A) and peroxidase conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectins. In vitamin A abnormal embryos, WGA binding was decreased to glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 15,000 and 30,000 daltons on Western blots, whereas in vitamin A normal embryos, WGA binding was increased to these glycoproteins on Western blots. Computer-aided fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectins on 1-micron araldite plastic sections indicated a decrease in FITC-WGA binding to the free surface of nonneurulated neuroepithelium. These results suggest: (1) vitamin A administration may have induced a suppression of WGA binding carbohydrate residues on 15,000- and 30,000-dalton glycoproteins in abnormal embryos, and (2) modification in the type, amount, and distribution of glycoconjugates may provide a basis for the cellular mechanisms of abnormal development of the neural tube. PMID- 3503992 TI - Neurobehavioral sequelae of minor head injuries in children. AB - The incidence of neurobehavioral sequelae in children who have sustained minor head injury is controversial. Following an emergency room visit, behavioral symptoms in 247 children with mild head injuries were compared to those in 280 children with trauma to other regions of the body. Serial telephone interviews showed that complaints of irritability, clinging behavior and sleep disturbances were common in both groups, though headaches were a more frequent problem in the head-trauma patients. Virtually all symptoms were transient. Our results demonstrate a high incidence of behavioral sequelae in children after minor head injury and suggest that physicians should counsel parents about this brief functional morbidity. PMID- 3503994 TI - [Current methods of contraception]. PMID- 3503993 TI - Progressive motor deterioration in a 2-year-old boy. PMID- 3503995 TI - [Everything depends on the team. Interview by Alina Ozimek]. PMID- 3503996 TI - [The view of a visitor. Interview by Maria Lesnikowska]. PMID- 3503998 TI - [The child with congenital defects]. PMID- 3503997 TI - [Self-recognition]. PMID- 3503999 TI - [How much salt do we use and how much should we?]. PMID- 3504000 TI - [Let us consolidate the educational function of the departmental nurse (a voice in the discussion)]. PMID- 3504001 TI - [How to reduce the pain during intramuscular injections?]. PMID- 3504002 TI - [Tobacco smoking among medical school students]. PMID- 3504003 TI - Unexpected contributors to renal impairment in the critically ill. PMID- 3504004 TI - Dietary protein as a risk factor in gentamicin nephrotoxicity. AB - The effects of dietary protein on renal function and structure, both prior to and after initiation of daily gentamicin treatment, were investigated. Male Sprague Dawley rats were pair-fed on low-protein (LP, 5%), normal-protein (NP, 20%), or high-protein (HP, 60%) diets for 10 days prior to gentamicin treatment. Gentamicin was administered as daily subcutaneous injections (150 mg/kg) for 6 days. Immediately after beginning daily gentamicin injections some of the rats on NP diets were switched to LP or HP diets, and some of the rats on HP diets were switched to LP diets. Renal function was monitored by evaluating serum creatinine levels and 24-h urine volumes; renal histology was evaluated by light and electron microscopy; and gentamicin uptake was determined using radioimmunoassay. Our findings indicate that conditioning to higher dietary protein prior to gentamicin administration results in less uptake of gentamicin by the kidneys. If rats on HP diets are placed on LP coincident with gentamicin administration, there is a significant improvement in survival. Switching rats from NP to LP protein coincident with gentamicin administration does not improve renal function, histology, or survival. However, switching rats from NP to HP coincident with gentamicin administration significantly increases mortality. Maintaining rats on LP both prior to and after gentamicin administration results in a significant improvement in survival but does not improve renal function. These results indicate that dietary protein both prior to and following the administration of gentamicin can significantly affect the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin. PMID- 3504005 TI - [A model for the critique of undergraduate nursing curricula]. PMID- 3504006 TI - [Participant research: an alternative pedagogical methodology for nurses]. PMID- 3504007 TI - [Scientific production dealing with communication in nursing]. PMID- 3504008 TI - [Emotional reactions of carriers of sexually transmitted diseases at the moment of the confirmation of their diagnosis]. PMID- 3504009 TI - [Occupational health and nursing: some considerations]. PMID- 3504010 TI - [Selection and evaluation of the teacher of nursing]. PMID- 3504011 TI - [Existential symptoms versus psychopathological symptoms: a problem of psychiatric labeling--an inquiry on the life experience of mental health professionals]. PMID- 3504012 TI - [The situation of research in psychiatric nursing in Brazil]. PMID- 3504013 TI - [Use of papain in curative nursing actions]. PMID- 3504014 TI - [Nursing team performance in programs of child and maternal integral health care]. PMID- 3504015 TI - [The use of toys in the recovery room: an additional resource for pediatric nursing care]. PMID- 3504016 TI - [Mental health actions of the nurse in a basic health unit]. PMID- 3504017 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of the victims of physical aggression cared for at a first-aid clinic in the city of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 3504018 TI - [Professional autonomy of the nurse: a victory obtained via a community extension program]. PMID- 3504019 TI - [Assessment and treatment of the dry eye in Hansen's disease]. PMID- 3504020 TI - [Nurse-patient communication]. PMID- 3504021 TI - [Diagnosis of community health as a learning activity in nursing using the project method]. PMID- 3504022 TI - [Nursing as a social practice]. PMID- 3504023 TI - [Alternative forms of teaching. A comparative study]. PMID- 3504024 TI - [Degrees of risk to which workers in hospital institutions are exposed. A model of nursing intervention centered on the dominant risks]. PMID- 3504025 TI - [Entry of the nurse into the profession: a tackling of the relationship of education with professional experience]. PMID- 3504026 TI - [The "new" law on the professional exercise of nursing: a critical analysis]. PMID- 3504027 TI - [Supports for a conception of nursing care directed toward health reform]. PMID- 3504028 TI - [Work accidents among the nursing personnel of a university hospital]. PMID- 3504029 TI - Public health approach in trachoma control activity. PMID- 3504030 TI - General assembly of the I.O.A.T. and of the Ligue Francaise contre le Trachome in association with the XXVth International Congress of Ophthalmalogy. (Rome, Italy, May 8, 1986). PMID- 3504031 TI - [Current classification of trachoma (clinical, histological and ultrastructural)]. PMID- 3504032 TI - [Strategy of the campaign against trachoma in Tunisia]. PMID- 3504033 TI - The eradication of trachoma in an immigration country: Israel. PMID- 3504034 TI - [Common ophthalmopathies as a source of blindness are sometimes controllable in the tropical environment of Africa]. PMID- 3504035 TI - The epidemiology of trachoma in Chiapas (Mexico). PMID- 3504036 TI - Trachoma grading: a new grading scheme. PMID- 3504037 TI - [Retinoblastoma: first case with a ring chromosome 13 in black Africa]. PMID- 3504038 TI - [Current findings on the etiology of trachoma]. PMID- 3504039 TI - [Treatment and prevention of the major cause of blindness in the world: trachoma]. PMID- 3504040 TI - [Multifocal study of human chlamydia infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis. Initial descriptive study and deductions apropos of a survey conducted at Sidi Okba (South Algeria)]. PMID- 3504041 TI - [The health and social status of people over 70 years of age living alone in the Eastern Bohemia Region]. PMID- 3504042 TI - [Quoad vitam prognosis in patients with malignant tumors of the parotid gland]. PMID- 3504044 TI - [Prosthetic aspects of implantation]. PMID- 3504043 TI - [Periodontal care in the Eastern Bohemia Region]. PMID- 3504045 TI - [Sequence of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of disorders of eruption of the upper middle incisors with a supernumerary tooth as one of the etiologic factors]. PMID- 3504046 TI - [Saccharides and liver repair]. PMID- 3504047 TI - [Correlation of EEG and clinical findings in patients with cerebral stroke]. PMID- 3504048 TI - [The importance of superoxide dismutase in the development of the post irradiation syndrome. XI. The effect of diet and irradiation on superoxide dismutase activity and lipoperoxidation in vivo]. PMID- 3504049 TI - Is surgical endoscopy necessary? PMID- 3504050 TI - Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices by consecutive injection of anhydrous ethanol: 1% polydocanol and thrombin. AB - In 1978, the first Japanese report of sclerotherapy with the flexible esophagoscope was published. At the Second Meeting of the Japanese Society of Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices (August 1986), reports were given on over 4000 cases treated by over 70 groups of endoscopists using various methods and sclerosants. These cases included 15 (about 0.4%) in which esophageal perforation occurred, and other complications, some fatal, were also reported. The main problem is to reduce the frequency of these serious complications. Over 400 cases have been treated by the authors in the past 3 years with a method involving consecutive injections of anhydrous ethanol when it is certain that the needle is in the varices. If there is any possibility of the needle being dislocated, 3-5 ml 1% polydocanol is administered instead. Weekly injections should be repeated until all varices have been sclerosized. No major complications have been observed, and the results are satisfactory [7]. PMID- 3504051 TI - Dysplasia in the gastrointestinal tract: definition and clinical significance. AB - The term "dysplasia" is used increasingly in gastrointestinal pathology. Dysplasia denotes an unequivocal neoplastic epithelial alteration without invasive growth and is synonymous with the term "intraepithelial neoplasia." Dysplasia is the paradigm of a precancerous lesion. Confusion arises because some pathologists do not use the term in the above-defined sense but to describe regenerative, inflammatory and reactive changes. It is essential to separate these kinds of non-neoplastic epithelial changes from neoplastic dysplasia because the clinical consequences are completely different. The general morphology and the grading of dysplasia are described. Most dysplasias in the gastrointestinal tract are the polypoid lesion; dysplasias in flat mucosa are uncommon. Knowledge of the incidence of dysplasia in the gastrointestinal tract is important for the concept of secondary cancer prevention. PMID- 3504052 TI - Technique and result of intraoperative choledochoscopy. AB - The use of intraoperative choledochoscopy represents a significant advance in biliary surgery. Flexible instruments are ideal for examining the intrahepatic bile ducts, while rigid instruments are best suited for the extrahepatic ductal system. The cystic duct stump may be occasionally used for access, but, as a rule, a supraduodenal choledochotomy is necessary. Our experience with 776 examinations is reported. A total of 348 patients (44.8%) had ductal stones. In 10 patients (2.8%), a stone was overlooked. Equivocal cholangiograms, ductal stones, and obstructive tumors constitute the most important indications for endoscopic examination. PMID- 3504053 TI - The 'malignant colon polyp'. A critique and opinion. AB - There is some controversy about the indications for surgical resection above the distal rectum following colonoscopic removal of a polyp which proves to be malignant. Sessile, villous adenomas are generally considered to carry greater risk of spreading malignancy than pedunculated, tubular or villous adenomas. Resection is usually recommended in the presence of carcinomatous invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae and/or insufficient tumor-free margin of the stalk if the patient's condition permits. PMID- 3504055 TI - Aromatase: future perspectives. Miami, Florida, March 4-7, 1987. Proceedings. I. PMID- 3504054 TI - Arthroscopic shoulder surgery. AB - Arthroscopy has proven to be a very important orthopaedic tool for treatment of the knee and other joints. Since 1972, we have used the arthroscope to examine the interior of shoulder joints. We prefer to perform arthroscopy while the patient is under general anaesthesia, as local anaesthetic may result in unnecessary patient discomfort and there can be difficulty in distracting and rotating the humerus. Arthroscopic operative procedures include the inspection of a torn glenoid labrum and certain lesions of the biceps tendon, viewing a torn rotator cuff, locating loose bodies in the shoulder, surgery for recurrent dislocations, and division of the coracoacromial ligament. PMID- 3504056 TI - Stereoselective inhibition of human placental aromatase. AB - We have synthesized the (19R)- and (19S)-isomers (2 and 3 respectively) of 10 beta-oxiranylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione. The configurations and conformations of these compounds were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Each of these compounds is a powerful competitive inhibitor of human placental microsomal aromatase, and stereoselectivity of inhibition was observed (Ki values for 2 and 3 were 7 and 75 nanomolar, respectively). Spectroscopic studies with purified aromatase indicate that the inhibition process involves reversible binding of oxirane oxygen to the heme iron of the enzyme. The (19R)- and (19S)-10 beta thiiranes (6 and 7) corresponding to 2 and 3 have been synthesized from the oxiranes by a stereospecific process. The thiiranes are very effective competitive inhibitors of placental aromatase, and show even greater stereoselectivity in binding than the oxiranes (Ki values for 6 and 7 were 1 and 75 nanomolar, respectively). Spectroscopic studies with purified aromatase indicate that the inhibition process involves reversible binding of thiirane sulfur to heme iron. PMID- 3504058 TI - 7 alpha-substituted androstenediones as effective in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of aromatase. AB - Research efforts over the past several years have focused on the synthesis of competitive and irreversible aromatase inhibitors and examination of these inhibitors in microsomal preparations, in cell culture, and in vivo. Several 7 alpha-substituted androstenediones have demonstrated high affinity for placental aromatase, with apparent Ki's ranging from 1 to 30 nM. Inactivation of aromatase occurred following incubation with alkylating and enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors. 7 alpha-(4'-Amino)phenylthio-4-androstene-3,17-dione (7 alpha-APTA) exhibits potent inhibitory activity of aromatase in the MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cell line with an ED50 of approximately 25 nM. The inhibitor did not bind to the estrogen receptor of the cells in vitro nor induce levels of progesterone receptors in intact cells. In vivo studies of 7 alpha-APTA in the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma model resulted in 80% of the tumors responding completely or partially at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body wt/day. Thus, these 7 alpha-substituted steroidal aromatase inhibitors are effective medicinal agents and may be useful for the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. PMID- 3504057 TI - Inhibition of aromatase activity and of endocrine-responsive tumor growth by 10 propargylestr-4-ene-3, 17-dione and its 17-propionate derivative. AB - Two androstenedione derivatives, 10-propargylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione and its 17 propionated form, were administered to normal cycling rats, and both compounds led to an inhibition of ovarian aromatase. Under in vitro conditions, only the former compound exhibited high potency as an inhibitor of rat ovarian and human placental microsomal aromatase. At 1 mg/kg/day both compounds were effective in promoting regression of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats without terminating their estrous cycle. PED also inhibited growth of a human ovarian carcinoma in athymic mice. The results with the 17-propionated compound testify to the necessity of in vivo assays in screening antitumor agents. In summary, PED and its propionated derivative inhibited ovarian aromatase in vivo and inhibited the growth of hormone-responsive tumors. PMID- 3504059 TI - Imidazole antimycotics: selective inhibitors of steroid aromatization and progesterone hydroxylation. AB - Econazole, imazalil, and prochloraz, which have broad spectrum antimycotic activity, are shown to be potent inhibitors of steroid aromatase activity of human placental microsomes. The IC50 values for the inhibition of aromatase activity by econazole, imazalil, miconazole, prochloraz, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and aminoglutethimide are 0.03, 0.15, 0.6, 0.7, 1.8, 60, and 45 microM, respectively. Econazole and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione also inhibit the steroid aromatase activity of human fetal liver, a finding which suggests that extraplacental aromatase may have many similarities to the placental enzyme. Econazole is a more effective inhibitor of placental aromatization of 19 hydroxyandrostenedione than of androstenedione. This observation is consistent with the competitive nature of the inhibition of aromatase by imidazole antimycotic agents and the reduced affinity of the placental aromatase enzyme for 19-hydroxyandrostenedione compared to androstenedione. The effectiveness of these imidazole antimycotic agents to inhibit the multiple hydroxylations of progesterone which are catalyzed by human fetal adrenal microsomes is also defined. While all of the imidazole antimycotic agents are potent inhibitors of the 16 alpha-, 17 alpha-, and 21-hydroxylations of progesterone, selective inhibitory profiles are apparent. Ketoconazole is a most potent inhibitor of human fetal adrenal progesterone 16 alpha- and 17 alpha-hydroxylases while clotrimazole and imazalil are the most potent inhibitors of progesterone 21 hydroxylase. These results are strongly supportive that imidazole drugs are selective inhibitors not only of steroid aromatase but also of other microsomal steroid hydroxylases. PMID- 3504060 TI - Discovery and development of a novel class of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. AB - Efforts to develop a novel class of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors began with the discovery that the infertility in male rats exposed to high levels of the agricultural fungicide, fenarimol (alpha-(2-chlorophenyl)-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl) 5-pyrimidine-methanol), was attributable to the inhibition of aromatase activity within the central nervous system during the critical neonatal period. Although fenarimol was not particularly potent in inhibiting rat ovarian microsome aromatase activity in vitro (50% inhibition (IC50) = 4.1 microM). Subsequent testing of a number of analogues led to the identification of LY56110 (alpha,alpha-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrimidine) which exhibited an IC50 of 29 nM. LY56110 was orally active, blocking the testosterone-induced increase of uterine weight and ovarian estrogen biosynthesis in immature female rats. In rats with established DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma, complete tumor regression was observed in 80% of the animals. Development of LY56110 was, however, stopped because of its effects on hepatic microsomal enzymes and an unacceptably long half-life. Structural modifications resulted in the development of the indenopyrimidines. LY113174 (8-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-5H-indeno less than 1, 2D greater than pyrimidine) was highly effective in vitro (IC50 = 24 nM) and in vivo but was far less potent than LY56110 with respect to induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. LY113174 exhibited an acceptable biological half-life and had no effect on cholesterol side-chain cleavage. The indenopyrimidines appear to be a novel class of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors which may prove useful in the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases. PMID- 3504061 TI - Genetic control of extraglandular aromatase activity in the chicken. AB - Feminization of feathers in the Sebright cock is the result of increase in the activity of skin aromatase. This increased estrogen synthesis is the consequence of an autosomal dominant mutation that causes an increase in the specific androgen-binding cytochrome P450 oxidase involved in the reaction. Since this oxidase appears to be kinetically indistinguishable from the activity in control ovary we believe that the mutation causes an increased steady-state level of normal enzyme. The mechanism by which the mutation acts is unknown, but its presence implies that in normal birds an allele of the mutation limits the activity of the enzyme in all tissues other than ovary. PMID- 3504062 TI - 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione treatment for postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - We have treated 128 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer with 4 hydroxyandrostenedione. Of these, 118 were assessable for toxicity and 100 for response to treatment. Response to therapy was seen in 34% of patients and stabilization of disease in 12 patients. Three dose regimens were used (500 mg intramuscularly weekly; 250 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks; and 500 mg orally daily). There was no difference in response in these three groups. Side effects were minimal and local reaction to injected drug was seen in 13% of patients. The sole severe side effect observed was neutropenia which was transient and reversible on discontinuing therapy. 4-Hydroxyandrostenedione is an effective nontoxic agent in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 3504063 TI - Aromatase activity in human skin fibroblasts grown in cell culture. AB - Recent studies in this laboratory have described an unusual kindred in which gynecomastia resulted from abnormally elevated levels of extraglandular aromatase activity. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the abnormal aromatase activity in these and other patients, we explored the aromatase activity of genital skin fibroblasts. Our studies demonstrate that the kinetic parameters for aromatase in skin are similar to those of other cultured cells and suggest that skin is an important site of extraglandular aromatase activity. These cells also contain 5 alpha-reductase activity and androgen receptors and are, therefore, a model for androgen action and metabolism. For example, they provided a system for the study of the potency and specificity of the aromatase inhibitors 4-OHA and MDL 18,962. Finally, the influence of DEX on aromatase in genital skin fibroblasts differs in some important respects from the pattern of control observed in adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells. These findings suggest that investigating the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of aromatase in skin may provide unique information about the control of the enzyme. PMID- 3504064 TI - Aromatase cytochrome P-450. Purification and characterization of the enzyme from human placenta. AB - Aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) was purified from human placental microsomes. Preparations exhibit a single major band of approximately 55 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and have a specific content of 11-13 nmol P-450/mg protein. The purified enzyme exhibits spectral properties typical of ferric and ferrous forms of cytochromes P-450. Full enzymatic activity can be reconstituted with rabbit liver P-450 reductase, and catalytic characteristics similar to aromatase in microsomes are observed. Rabbit antibodies to purified P 450arom were affinity purified and show high specificity and sensitivity on immunoblots. PMID- 3504065 TI - Estrogens in tissues: uptake from the peripheral circulation or local production. AB - Because intratissue levels of estrogens may be more important for the understanding of the endocrine status of an organ than are peripheral plasma levels, the concentrations of estrone and estradiol have been measured in normal and pathological breast and uterine specimens. Some breast tumors were collected in countries with differences in incidence and natural history of the disease. In other samples the subcellular distribution of the steroids was studied. Estrone levels did show much less variation than estradiol levels. Not related to estrogen receptors, estradiol levels were higher in uterine than in breast tissues. Also, the subcellular distribution observed could not be explained by changes in receptors. Malignant breast tumors of premenopausal and postmenopausal women contained similar amounts of estradiol. Unexplained large differences were found in the intratissue estradiol levels obtained in different countries. PMID- 3504066 TI - Panel discussion: purification, structure, cDNA probes. PMID- 3504068 TI - The relationship between aromatase activity and body fat distribution. AB - The metabolism of androstenedione (A) to estrone (E1) and 5 alpha-reduced androgens was studied in stromal cells derived from human adipose tissue from different body sites. The tissue was obtained from non-obese patients undergoing cosmetic liposuction or at the time of surgery for reduction mammoplasty. The conversion of A to E1 per 1x 10(6) cells was between 6- and 30-fold greater in the upper thigh, buttock, and flank than in the abdomen. These differences were present in primary culture and persisted to at least the third subculture. Estrogen formation in breast adipose tissue was similar to that found in cells from abdominal fat. The formation of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites (5 alpha androstenedione, androsterone, and dihydrotestosterone) varied from patient to patient but was similar in cells from different body sites. These studies show that the regional distribution of fat may influence the metabolism of androgens in adipose tissue, with upper body fat tending to form a lower ratio of estrogens to 5 alpha-reduced androgens than lower body fat. PMID- 3504067 TI - Purification and characterization of aromatase from human placenta. AB - Aromatase from human placenta has been purified to homogeneity (MW 55,000). Enzymatic activity can be reconstituted with reductase from pig liver in an aqueous buffer or after incorporation of the enzyme into liposomes. In both cases the enzyme converts androstenedione to estrone and testosterone to estradiol. Aromatase shows a typical CO-spectrum when reduced with dithionite and a type I spectral shift with both substrates. The NH2 terminal amino acid sequence is hydrophobic but shows no homology to that of other cytochromes P-450. Five cysteine peptides have been isolated by HPLC following tryptic digestion of the [14C]-carboxymethylated protein. Amino acid sequences of these peptides reveal that histidine is the carboxy-terminal amino acid of the protein and that significant homology exists with corresponding peptides from other cytochromes P 450. Unique oligonucleotides (62 and 30 MER) synthesized on the basis of a 45 amino acid sequence near the center of the molecular have been used to clone the aromatase gene from a cDNA expression library from human placenta in lambda gt11. PMID- 3504070 TI - Echocardiographic left ventricular size in the selection of surgical treatment in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 3504069 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies with aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxy-androstenedione. AB - Studies with 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) are described which demonstrate inhibition of aromatase in human placentra and rat ovaries. In animal experiments, the compound was compared with aminoglutethimide (AG) for antitumor activity and effects on plasma hormone levels. 4-OHA was more effective than AG in causing regression of DMBA-induced hormone dependent tumors in the rat. Although estradiol concentrations in ovarian vein blood were reduced initially by both compounds, there is a reflex rise in LH and estradiol levels during long term treatment with AG, whereas hormone levels in 4-OHA treated animals remained suppressed. Further studies in ovariectomized rats indicated that during long term treatment, 4-OHA acts as a weak androgen (the compound has less than 1% the activity of testosterone) to directly inhibit the post-castrational rise in gonadotropin levels. This antigonadotropin action of the steroidal aromatase inhibitor may help maintain reduced ovarian estrogen secretion and thus contribute to the antitumor activity of 4-OHA. PMID- 3504071 TI - Computerized tomographic findings of complex partial seizures in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 3504072 TI - Tuberculous meningitis in childhood: clinical and computerized tomography scan manifestations. PMID- 3504073 TI - Determination of various parameters of sexual maturity in adolescent boys in Ankara. PMID- 3504074 TI - von Hippel-Lindau disease: report of an adolescent case emphasizing the diagnostic aspects. PMID- 3504075 TI - Acute cerebellar ataxia as a complication of varicella in four children. PMID- 3504076 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa associated with pyloric obstruction. PMID- 3504077 TI - Comparative study of interstitial cells of Cajal. AB - The cells present in the alimentary canal, contacting both nerve endings and smooth muscle cells and named interstitial cells of Cajal, show different ultrastructural features. A comparative study has been performed in order to see if these differences can be related to the animal species studied or to the interstitial cell localizations inside the muscle wall of the various levels of the alimentary canal or to their contacts with other cells. Only mammals were considered, and rat, mouse, hedgehog and man have been studied. All the localizations where interstitial cells of Cajal have usually been found were considered: esophagus (body and lower sphincter), stomach (gastric extent of the lower esophageal sphincter, fundus and corpus), small intestine and colon. From this comparison a correlation was found between the morphology and the location of interstitial cells. On the contrary, the morphological differences existing between animal species do not seem to be that consistent. Moreover, the number of contacts between interstitial cells and between these and smooth muscle cells and nerve endings varies according to the interstitial cell location and morphology. It is concluded that the chain nerve endings----interstitial cells of Cajal--- smooth muscle cells is not morphologically identical at each gastrointestinal level, and this finding is considered very important in interpreting the role played by the interstitial cells of Cajal in gastrointestinal motility. PMID- 3504078 TI - Cortical microvasculature of the feline kidney. AB - Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts was used to study the ultrastructural morphology of the microcirculation in the feline kidney. The technique used enabled us to examine the renal microvasculature by obtaining stable and consistent replicas of the vasculature. Corrosion casts were evaluated at three different levels, namely subcapsular, midcortical and the corticomedullary junction. The interlobular arteries, given off by the arcuate arteries, coursed through the cortex in a radial fashion and afferent arterioles were given off at varying intervals. Large afferent arterioles formed the glomerular capillary lobules which consisted of very tortuous capillaries. Smaller-diameter efferent arterioles were formed at the vascular pole and ran in the opposite direction to the afferent arteriole. The peritubular plexuses were seen as interconnecting capillaries at both the subcapsular, midcortical and corticomedullary junction. Numerous efferent arterioles, derived from the corticomedullary glomeruli, were seen as large, radiating vessels running towards the renal papilla. PMID- 3504079 TI - Computer-aided three-dimensional graphic reconstructions in a radiological and anatomical setting. AB - With the aid of a relatively simple computer system three-dimensional graphic reconstruction models have been prepared. The procedure was applied in anatomy on a fixed embryonic specimen and in radiology on living subjects by using computed tomography scans. The results are useful for embryological research as well as for clinical evaluation. PMID- 3504080 TI - The rete testis of the goat, a morphological study. AB - The rete testis of the goat can be divided into three parts, septal, mediastinal and extratesticular. The septal rete is short, relatively straight and connects the terminal part of the seminiferous tubules with the mediastinal rete. The mediastinal rete is a labyrinth of intercommunicating channels that occupies about two-thirds of the central axis of the testis. The extratesticular rete is located outside the testis at its extremitas capitata and forms sac-like dilations up to 2 mm in diameter. The rete testis, regardless of its location, is lined by simple cuboidal to simple squamous epithelium that invariably contains a few intra-epithelial lymphocytes and macrophages. The epithelial cells possess few microvilli and a centrally located flagellum at the luminal border. With the exception of a few small vesicles in the apical cytoplasm, morphological features associated with absorption such as coated vesicles, canaliculi, vacuoles and multivesicular bodies are absent. However, basolateral interdigitations between adjacent cells, another feature of absorptive epithelium, are frequently noticed. Most cytoplasmic organelles except mitochondria and free ribosomes are poorly developed, suggesting that caprine rete epithelial cells are not associated with protein/glycoprotein secretion. There is no evidence of sperm phagocytosis by the rete epithelium, but luminal macrophages containing sperm fragments are occasionally encountered. The structural-functional relationships of the rete epithelial cells are discussed. PMID- 3504081 TI - Halothane anesthesia alters cerebral enzymes: a histochemical study in the rat. AB - Cerebral forebrain arterioles and neuropil were analyzed histochemically to determine the effects of halothane anesthesia on key enzymes of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, as well as the hexose monophosphate shunt in rats. Significant changes were noted in all five enzymes examined in arterioles, while no changes were observed in the two enzymes involved in aerobic metabolism in the neuropil. Our data suggest that surgical anesthetic levels of halothane can impair forebrain metabolism and lead to altered electrophysiological responses. PMID- 3504082 TI - Microdissection studies of the structural alterations induced in rat kidneys by experimental postischemic acute renal failure. AB - A unique opportunity presented itself for a morphologic study of experimental unilateral acute renal failure (ARF) in male rats. The ARF had been induced in the rats by temporary occlusion (1h) of the left renal artery. Twenty-nine rats were divided into subsets as follows: 2-3 h, 24 h, 1 week, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks following release of occlusion. Microdissection showed a heterogeneous population of abnormally structured proximal tubules in which the regressive lesions of tubular necrosis were combined with the progressive reaction of repair. The lesions demonstrated are reminiscent of those which have been described in ARF in the human and in experimental animals. Many proximal tubules in the 2- to 3-hour subset presented 1-3 disruptive lesions (DLs) while greater numbers of proximal tubules from the 24-hour group presented 1-5 DLs. Many proximal tubules presented no DLs, but nearly all from the 24-hour subset (97-100%) displayed a squamate appearance which paralleled and was caused by acute tubular necrosis. At 1 week, a dilated pars recta was common, but by this time, the squamate pattern had disappeared. Many casts were present. At 2 weeks, many fewer casts were present in proximal tubules and none were seen at 4, 8 or 12 weeks. The nephrons, particularly the proximal tubules, presented a variety of structural alterations at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Changes of special interest include (1) the presence of swan-necks; (2) a distinctive squamate appearance of the proximal tubules in the animals killed at 24 h; (3) a spiral, curled appearance caused by differential hyperplasia in animals at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and (4) a tendency for ischemic lesions to involve all layers of the renal cortex. PMID- 3504083 TI - Microvascular architecture of the mucosa of the gastric corpus in man. AB - Vascular casts of human gastric mucosa of the corpus area were studied by scanning electron microscopy and compared with vertical and horizontal series of semithin sections of perfusion-fixed corpus mucosa. The submucosal arteries give off short and long arterioles. The short arterioles branch into a basal capillary network reaching from the basis to the isthmus of the gastric glands. The long arterioles pass through the lamina propria without ramifications and supply a second, apical capillary layer reaching from the base to the top of the gastric pits. Anastomoses connect both capillary layers. Dense, convoluted capillaries at the mucosal surface encircle the gastric pits. Both capillary layers drain into venules at the level of the gastric pits. Below, on their way to the submucosal plexus, the venules do not receive any further capillary tributaries. In the examined tissue no arteriovenous anastomoses could be identified. A microvascular architecture with two capillary layers is presented, which guarantees a luxurious oxygenation throughout all layers of the gastric corpus mucosa in man. These findings are in contrast to previous descriptions of human corpus mucosa, where only one capillary layer, reaching from the base to the top of the corpus mucosa, has been identified. PMID- 3504084 TI - Microtubule assembly in Friend erythroleukemia cells spread on fibronectin- and lectin-coated substrates. AB - A comparison was carried out between parental Friend Erythroleukemia cells (FLC, 745 A clone) and highly fibronectin (FN)-sensitive clones of FLC for their ability to adhere, spread and organize microtubular (MT) apparatus, when seeded on FN- or lectin-coated plastic substrates. While FN was able to induce the spreading only in the FN-sensitive FLC clones (further referred to as FF clones) and not in the parental 745 A cells, the lectins Concanavalin A (ConA) and Leukoagglutinin (LeuA) promoted the spreading of both 745 A and FF cells, with no differences between the two cell lines. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), instead, is almost ineffective in triggering cell spreading in both cell clones. The spreading of FLC, either 745 A or FF, on any of the ligands tested, is always accompanied by a massive reorganization of the MT apparatus of the cell. Possible mechanisms involved in the selective spreading effect, exerted by FN, are discussed. PMID- 3504086 TI - Phase II trial of recombinant interferon alpha-2C in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - A total of 18 patients with advanced metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2C (rIFN alpha-2C) at daily doses of 10 X 10(6) IU by intramuscular injection. All patients had evaluable metastatic lung, liver, or abdominal disease as measured by radiographic or computerized tomographic scans. In 2 of the 18 patients an objective response (1 CR, 1 PR) with a duration of +28 and 12 months, respectively was achieved. A 25$ to 50$ decrease in tumor measurements (MR) was seen in 2 additional patients; in 3 cases a stabilisation of the disease (SD) was observed, whereas it progressed in 11. 3/4 responding patients (including MR) and all 3 cases with SD had measurable disease in the lungs as predominant site of metastatic disease. Additional clinical characteristics of patients exhibiting response or SD to IFN therapy included prior nephrectomy, favourable initial performance status and limited metastatic disease. No serious haematologic or irreversible organ toxic effects were attributed to interferon. Several patients, however, had constitutional symptoms, and major dose reductions due to CNS toxicity became necessary in two. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the use of interferons in combination with cytotoxic drugs or other biologic response modifiers. PMID- 3504085 TI - Induction of megakaryocytic characteristics in human leukemic cell line K562: polyploidy, inducers, and secretion of mitogenic activity. AB - Because of the rarity of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, a cell line inducible for megakaryocytic characteristics provides a valuable model for study. When cultured with phorbol esters, the human multipotent hematopoietic leukemic cell line K562 can be induced to develop many megakaryocytic characteristics, viz. increased cell size, reduced growth rate, megakaryocytic antigens, and expression of the sis proto-oncogene, the structural gene for the B-chain of platelet derived growth factor. Further aspects of this process are here presented. First, it induces the release of mitogenic activity into the medium. Second, phorbol dibutyrate induces polyploidy, a feature of normal megakaryocyte development. Third, mezerein and teleocidin, nonphorbol ester tumor promotors, also induce development of multinuclearity and polyploidy. PMID- 3504087 TI - Recombinant interferon alpha-2 modulates hairy cell phenotype "in vitro". AB - The "in vitro" effect of IFN-alpha on the phenotypic profile of atypical cells from 5 hairy cell leukemia patients was investigated in a 72 hr culture assay. Cytochemical investigations revealed a dramatic decrease in the cytoplasmic content of acid phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in the absence of any apparent morphological modification. Flow cytometry showed that IFN-alpha markedly reduced the density of surface Ig without modifying the original isotype pattern. The expression of the receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG was also reduced. The class II MHC antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody 12 remained essentially unchanged. Hairy cells were negative for OKT10 and PCA-1 and remained so after IFN-alpha incubation. Present data indicate that IFN-alpha is able to consistently and selectively affect membrane and cytoplasmic features of hairy cells in a short term period. The possibility is envisaged that these changes may be related to the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-alpha. PMID- 3504089 TI - [Effect of aminfluoride on the morphogenesis of subgingival plaque in adolescents]. PMID- 3504088 TI - Recombinant leukocyte interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of mycosis fungoides. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of recombinant leukocyte interferon alfa-2a (Hoffmann-LaRoche) as single agent in patients with histologically confirmed Mycosis Fungoides. The protocol consisted of a 12 week induction with subcutaneous interferon, escalating from 3 up to 18 million units daily, and a 6 or 9 month maintenance phase for complete or partial responses, respectively, with 18 million units 3 times weekly. 12 patients are evaluable: 5 are in complete remissions, 6 are partial remissions, and one had disease progression. Alfa-2a interferon was well tolerated: only 3 patients had WHO grade IV organ toxicity. Our study documents that recombinant leukocyte alfa 2a is a highly active agent in untreated patients with Mycosis Fungoides. Finally, the dose schedule chosen in this study allows alfa-2a interferon administration on an outpatient basis. PMID- 3504090 TI - [Characteristics of inheritance of hypodontia in families]. PMID- 3504091 TI - [Blood flow in dental pulp of dogs under the influence of propolis and calxyl employing the H2-watch-out method]. PMID- 3504092 TI - [Dental maturity norms]. PMID- 3504093 TI - [Tooth fillings and marginal caries]. PMID- 3504094 TI - [Prevention of caries by fissure sealing]. PMID- 3504095 TI - [Adverse effects of drugs used by the dental practitioner (I)]. PMID- 3504096 TI - [Modified Widman's flap in treatment of periodontal pockets]. PMID- 3504097 TI - [Oral symptoms in workers exposed to rock wool aerosols]. PMID- 3504098 TI - CSF evaluation in neurologic disease. AB - Contraindications to performing a lumbar puncture include local infection, intracranial hypertension and complete spinal block. Routine parameters include pressure, appearance, glucose, protein and cytology. Specific studies such as antigen-antibody tests may identify infectious agents. The color of the CSF may indicate infection, previous hemorrhage or, rarely, metastatic melanoma. The IgG albumin index is useful when there is inflammation, as in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 3504099 TI - Mastoiditis. AB - Mastoiditis still occurs as a nonmeningeal complication of otitis media. Fever, postauricular swelling, tenderness of the ear pinna, severe otalgia and ear drainage are all typical clinical findings. Most commonly, the causative organisms are the same aerobic bacteria that are responsible for otitis media; however, anaerobic organisms must also be considered. Treatment for acute mastoiditis includes appropriate intravenous antibiotics and myringotomy for culture and drainage. Mastoidectomy is indicated if medical therapy fails. PMID- 3504100 TI - Hemochromatosis in a family. AB - A 56-year-old man, who had previously been treated for arthritis of the hands, was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain and fever. Physical examination, laboratory tests and liver biopsy led to the diagnosis of hemochromatosis. The patient's brother, who had also been treated for arthritis, was then found to have hemochromatosis. The patient's five children appeared to be well, but serum iron studies and HLA typing showed that four were affected with hemochromatosis. PMID- 3504101 TI - Stresses on physicians treating AIDS. AB - Psychologic issues for physicians treating AIDS include feelings of helplessness, discomfort with alternative lifestyles, fear of contagion and grief. Physician reactions may include unnecessarily heroic medical interventions, avoidance of the patients' families, injudicious use of narcotics, unwillingness to involve patients' homosexual partners in treatment decisions, anger at hospital personnel and colleagues, refusal to supervise medical students on AIDS cases, despondency and even resignation from employment. PMID- 3504102 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans. AB - Cutaneous larva migrans, or creeping eruption, is an infection caused by certain nematode larvae and, occasionally, fly maggots. After penetrating human skin, the larvae remain in the epidermis and wander aimlessly. The burrows may be intensely pruritic. Systemic reactions may include profound eosinophilia. Oral or topical thiabendazole is effective therapy. PMID- 3504103 TI - Contrast nephropathy. AB - Preexisting renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and advanced age are risk factors for the development of contrast nephropathy after radiographic procedures in which hypertonic contrast solutions are infused. Preventive measures include careful patient selection, avoidance of volume depletion and, whenever possible, allowance of recovery time between radiographic procedures. The newer contrast agents appear to be safer than the older agents, and they provide improved radiographic detail. PMID- 3504104 TI - Nosocomial infections. AB - Hospital-acquired infections cause significant morbidity, mortality and expense. Surveillance and control programs are necessary to reduce the rate of these infections. Measures to control infection include handwashing, sterilization, use of sterile disposable items, closed urinary drainage, intravenous catheter care, non-touch dressing technique, proper care of respiratory equipment and perioperative chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 3504105 TI - Gait disorders in the elderly. AB - Gait disorders affect a significant number of elderly people and may be important factors in accidents. In 35 patients aged 65 and older, gait problems were classified into four diagnostic categories: cardiovascular, arthritic, neurosensory and etiology unknown. Most gait disorders can be identified through a simple office evaluation. The goal of treatment is to improve or restore functional capacity. PMID- 3504106 TI - The impact of divorce on adolescents. PMID- 3504107 TI - AIDS patients in private practice. PMID- 3504108 TI - Variant forms of asthma. AB - Asthma is an important cause of morbidity in children, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Asthma has a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Chest pain variant asthma is an important subset of cough variant asthma. A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis. Wheezing is not always present in asthma. Another manifestation, such as chronic cough or chest pain, may be the sole presenting complaint. PMID- 3504109 TI - Malignant melanomas in the Eur-African-Malay population of South Africa. AB - Malignant melanoma is common among the whites of South Africa. In the black population, the tumor is much less frequent and occurs predominantly on the lower limb--particularly the sole of the foot. This study brings to light the anomalous situation that among the Eur-African-Malay population (those of mixed ancestry), malignant melanoma has probably the lowest incidence in the world. PMID- 3504110 TI - Corroborative evidence that alopecia areata involves the epidermis and the sebaceous glands. AB - By using combined autoradiography and computerized image analysis, keratinocytes, sebaceous cells, and endothelial cells of the papillary dermis appear affected in alopecia areata. The atrophy and the reduction in the number of cells synthesizing DNA in these tissues resemble the changes observed in the hair follicles. PMID- 3504111 TI - The absurd notion of "moderately well-differentiated" neoplasms. PMID- 3504112 TI - Mitotic Langerhans cells. PMID- 3504113 TI - Acro-angiodermatitis. A simulant of Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Acro-angiodermatitis, usually related to venous insufficiency of the lower limbs, may simulate some of the features of Kaposi's sarcoma, both to the clinician and the dermatopathologist. With the increasing incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is a greater awareness of Kaposi's sarcoma than the benign simulant. Against this background, there is a danger that acro-angiodermatitis will be misdiagnosed as Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 3504114 TI - Ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect, preglaucoma, or glaucoma? Synopsis of views. PMID- 3504115 TI - Conjunctival flaps in the treatment of refractory pseudomonas corneal abscess. AB - Pseudomonas corneal abscess can result in a rapid downhill clinical course despite institution of appropriate medical measures. In this situation the clinician is faced with surgical intervention. A series of patients treated and stabilized through conjunctival flap therapy are presented. The role of conjunctival flap therapy in halting the progression of this entity is described. PMID- 3504116 TI - Recurrent tears following successful retinal detachment surgery. AB - In 17 cases of recurrent retinal tears occurring after successful retinal detachment surgery, the new tears developed on or near the treated primary tear in seven cases and away from the treated tear in ten cases. It took an average of 25.6 months for the second tears to develop, and almost all of the recurrent tears were the same distance from the limbus as the primary tear. The benefit of the 360 degree encircling band and the relationship of the thermal injury to production of a second tear is discussed. PMID- 3504117 TI - Transposition procedures in strabismus. AB - A transfer procedure is very useful in the treatment of strabismus. The most common use of this procedure is to augment an already planned resection or recession procedure so that it can be performed monocularly to reduce an accompanying hypertropia or hypotropia or to collapse the A or V pattern when horizontal surgery is being performed for estropia or exotropia. In transfer procedures, the resultant change of deviation and cosmetic improvement is good or excellent in almost all cases. Some special transfer procedures, such as the Harada-Ito or the Jensen operation, can have dramatic effects on both comfort and change of symptoms for the patient. PMID- 3504118 TI - [Variation of albendazole sulfoxide concentrations in serum, hydatid cyst membrane and liquid as a function of time. Liquid phase chromatographic study]. PMID- 3504119 TI - [Interference of the action of dimethyl-2,2-hydroxymethyl-4 dioxolane- 1,3 (AG) with various active pharmacomolecules on the central nervous system]. PMID- 3504120 TI - [Anti-inflammatory activity of four copper complexes of alpha-amino acids]. PMID- 3504121 TI - [Synthesis and antihyperlipidemic activities of benzylidenebenzofuran- 3 (2H) ones]. PMID- 3504122 TI - [Flavones isolated from Thymus carnosus Boiss]. PMID- 3504123 TI - [Molluscacidal activity of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae)]. PMID- 3504124 TI - [Quantitative analysis of morphine in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 3504125 TI - Molecular diagnostics using analytical immuno high performance liquid affinity chromatography. AB - Analytical immuno high performance liquid affinity chromatography (analytical immuno HPLAC) was evaluated as a molecular diagnostic tool. Antibodies raised in rabbits against bovine neurophysin II were immobilized through Protein A crosslinking onto coated silica. Interaction of immobilized antibody with mobile antigen was characterized by zonal and frontal elutions of 14C-labeled bovine neurophysin II under isocratic, nondenaturing conditions. The chromatographic behavior shows that analytical immuno HPLAC with immobilized antibodies can be used to detect the number and functional nature of matrix-interacting antigens in mixtures, thus providing a quantitative chromatographic technology for "antigen mapping." PMID- 3504126 TI - An investigation of heparinase immobilization. AB - A systematic investigation of the parameters that affect the efficiency of immobilizing heparinase onto cyanogen bromide activated crosslinked 8% agarose beads was conducted. Two experimental measures, the "fraction bound" and the "fraction retained," were used to monitor the coupling efficiency. The fraction bound is the portion of the total initial enzyme that is bound to the agarose gel. The fraction retained is the fraction of bound enzyme that is active. The product of the two measures indicates the coupling efficiency. The activity of the immobilized heparinase was measured under conditions free of both internal and external mass transfer limitations, and thus, the fraction retained represents the true immobilized enzyme activity. Increasing the degree of activation of the beads results in an increase in the fraction bound, the fraction retained, and consequently, the coupling efficiency. As the ratio of enzyme solution to gel volume increases from 1.5 to 2.2, the fraction bound remains constant but the fraction retained decreases (heparinase concentration; 0.15 mg/mL and degree of activation; 9.5 mumol of cyanate esters/g of gel). At volume ratios greater than 2.2, both the fraction bound and the fraction retained decline continuously. Changing the heparinase concentration in the coupling solution changes the coupling efficiency in a manner similar to that of the volume ratio change. When heparin is added during the coupling process, the fraction bound declines as the heparin concentration increases, whereas the fraction retained increases up to a heparin concentration of 12 mg/mL and decreases thereafter. When arginine, lysine, and glycine are used to block the unreacted cyanate ester groups after the coupling process, the immobilized heparinase shows different pH optima of 6.5, 6.9, and 7.2, respectively. Based upon these findings, a protocol to optimize heparinase immobilization is developed. PMID- 3504128 TI - A conjugate of trypsin and chymotrypsin. AB - A heteroenzyme conjugate retaining activities of two component enzymes from trypsin and chymotrypsin was prepared using N-succinimidyl pyridyl dithiopropionate as crosslinking reagent. The conjugate bound to both trypsin and chymotrypsin affinity columns. Trypsin and chymotrypsin were linked in the ratio of 1:1 on mol basis. The conjugate, when treated with dimethyladipimidate, showed decreased autolysis of its trypsin component. PMID- 3504127 TI - Polymeric thiols as enzyme activators of serum creatine phosphokinase. AB - Several hydrophilic polymeric thiols were prepared from amino-activated polymeric supports by reaction with N-acetylhomocystein ethiolactone. Supports include agaroses, cellulose, Glycophase controlled-pore glass, and Matrex acrylic beads. Thiol content in these polymers was 3-72 mumol SH/g dry polymer. Several were effective solid-phase activators of the sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme creatine phosphokinase at concentrations comparable to that of monomeric thiol required for enzyme activation. The kinetic activation curves for the polymeric and the monomeric (thioglucose) activators were similar, suggesting unhindered interaction of the enzyme with the polymeric activator. PMID- 3504131 TI - Life forms protectable as subjects of US patents--microbes to animals (perhaps). AB - Scientists, businessmen, universities, and industries with fundamental or peripheral interests in technology as applied to life processes will be keenly interested in recent US Patent Office decisions. These decisions indicate that new higher life forms, animal or plant, are proper subjects of patents if they are not naturally occurring (and are not human, in the case of animals). In contrast to plants and other organisms, genetically modified animals have had no mode of protection as intellectual property except possibly as trade secrets or utility patents. The Ex parte Allen decision, reached by the Patent Office Board of Appeals and Interferences, directly addressed the issue of animal patentability in view of the broad reading of 35 U.S.C. section 101 by the US Supreme Court in the Chakrabarty decision. The subject invention concerned polyploid oysters. Claims directed toward polyploid oysters produced by a particular process were rejected under 35 U.S.C. section 103 and section 101. The Board, reversing the 35 U.S.C. section 101-based rejection in view of the Chakrabarty decision, indicated that the claimed polyploid oysters were non naturally occurring manufactures or compositions of matter within the confines of patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. section 101. A similar decision affecting the patentable status of plants or segments thereof had previously been reached by the Patent and Trademark Office in the case of Ex parte Hibberd, 227 U.S.P.Q. 443 (Bd. Pat. App. 1985). The Hibberd utility patent application concerned "genetically engineered" maize which had high levels of the tryptophan. PMID- 3504129 TI - Large scale preparation and characterization of mucopolysaccharase contamination free heparinase. AB - By a combination of hydroxylapatite chromatography and negative adsorption on QAE Sephadex at pH 8.3, heparinase (E.C.4.2.2.7) can be successfully isolated from all the other mucopolysaccharase contaminants present in Flavobacterium heparinum. Hydroxylapatite isolates heparinase primarily from chondroitinases, hyaluronidase, and most glycuronidases. QAE-Sephadex chromatography at pH 8.3 further separates heparinase from heparitinases, sulfatases, and the remaining glycuronidases. The heparinase preparation thus obtained contains no statistically significant levels of other contaminating mucopolysaccharases except for heparitinases that are present at an apparent maximum level of 3.4%. Owing to the presence of a crossreaction of heparinase on heparitin sulfate at conditions employed for the assay of heparitinase, the heparitinase level of 3.4% could be misleading because of the action of heparinase on heparitin sulfate. Characterization of this heparinase preparation shows that the enzyme has an optimum salt concentration of 0.08M NaCl, an optimum pH of 6.5, an activation energy of 5 kcal/mol, and a Km of 7.95 X 10(-6) M. These parameters are almost identical to those displayed by a homogeneous heparinase preparation. The method described here is suitable for scale-up purposes using batch chromatographic procedures. PMID- 3504130 TI - Implantable enzyme capsules for cancer chemotherapy from bakers' yeast cytosine deaminase immobilized on epoxy-acrylic resin and urethane prepolymer. AB - For trial use in the local chemotherapy of cancer by a combination of cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) and 5-fluorocytosine (J. Biotechnol., (1985), 2, 13-21), 40 U of partially purified cytosine deaminase was obtained from 500 g of commercial compressed bakers' yeast. The enzyme, which is unstable, was immobilized to stabilize it by the use of commercial epoxy-acrylic beads (Eupergit C). The immobilized enzyme was made into enzyme capsules with cellulose tubing for dialysis to encapsulate it or urethane polymer to entrap it, which materials are biocompatible. The activity of the intact cellulose capsules thus made was 0.4% that of the immobilized enzyme inside. The enzyme capsules also were stable. Ten days after the cellulose capsules were implanted in rats, 25% of the starting activity remained. When the polyurethane capsules were tested in vitro for 9 mo for thermostability at 37 degrees C, the activity decreased rapidly (with a half-life of 28 d) during the first 4 mo, and then slowly (half life, about 100 d) during the next 5 mo. A calculation to transform the biphasic decline into a sum of the exponential decline of two components of enzymic activities with different strengths and half-lives showed that the larger half life was 5 mo. PMID- 3504132 TI - Buoyancy and sedimentation of human X- and Y-bearing sperm. AB - The buoyant and sedimentation behaviors of human X- and Y-bearing sperm were examined in discontinuous density gradients of Nycodenz. The washed sperm placed at the bottom of the discontinuous density gradients of Nycodenz (23-50% in 3% steps) were centrifuged at 250 x g for various periods. The buoyant velocity of X bearing sperm was faster than that of Y-bearing sperm. The sedimentation profiles of human sperm in the discontinuous density gradients of Nycodenz (4-20% in 2% steps) showed that X-bearing sperm sedimented faster than Y-bearing sperm. The separation of X- and Y-bearing sperm by means of centrifugation usually have been based on the assumption that smaller Y and larger X chromosomes might provide the difference in their apparent densities. The present results suggest that the separation cannot be due merely to a difference in their densities. PMID- 3504133 TI - Increased acrosome-reaction inducing activity of glycosaminoglycans by partial hydrolysis. AB - The possibility that partial hydrolysis of glycosaminoglycan-sulfates (GAGs) such as occurs during the last phases of follicular maturation could play some role in the activity of follicular fluid as an inducer of the acrosome reaction was explored. Hydrolysis of follicular fluid GAGs (ff-GAGs) for 30 min with low-pH HNO2 substantially increased (more than 3 times) its capacity to induce the acrosome reaction. This increase was significantly reduced when the time of hydrolysis was either shorter (10 min) or longer (60 min). Partial hydrolysis of spermatozoa GAGs by direct incubation of sperm cells with chondroitinase ABC was also capable of inducing the acrosome reaction. PMID- 3504134 TI - Effect of testicular torsion on contralateral testis and fertility in mature rats. AB - The effect of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testis and the fertility rate was studied in Charles River adult rats. Animals were divided into groups that underwent a sham operation or torsion and ligation of the left testicular vessels followed by orchiectomy after 24 h, orchiectomy after 48 h, release of the ligature after 24 h, release of the ligature after 48 h, and no further treatment following ligation. Another group of animals underwent unilateral orchiectomy. After 8 weeks animals were allowed to mate and were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The results did not point to either histological alterations in the contralateral testis or impairment of fertility in any group of treatment compared with the control. PMID- 3504135 TI - ATP content in human semen and sperm quality. AB - Five semen characteristics (count, motility, normal forms, bovine cervical mucus penetration, and ATP) were evaluated in patients attending the infertility clinic. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the only characteristic independently affecting ATP concentration was sperm count, whereas motility and percent normal forms had no additional contribution to ATP level. Penetration into bovine cervical mucus did not depend on ATP levels. Comparison of semen characteristics in the same group between patients who have impregnated their wives and those who have not indicated that with respect to count, motility, morphology, and ATP the only sperm characteristic independently predicting fertility was motility. ATP measurements have limited value in the evaluation of semen quality. PMID- 3504136 TI - Effect of washing and suspension on penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus. AB - The in vitro penetration ability of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus after washing and suspension of the sperm in Earl's medium was compared with that of untreated sperm. The extent of penetration was found to be significantly lower in sperm washed and suspended in Earl's medium than in the unwashed sperm (p less than 0.0001); it increased to some extent on resuspension of the washed sperm in the seminal plasma but still remained significantly lower than that of intact sperm (p less than 0.009). The introduction of caffeine into the Earl's medium resulted in an increased penetration of the washed sperm into bovine cervical mucus, but this was still significantly lower than the penetration of the unwashed sample (p less than 0.02). The data point to the effectiveness of the seminal plasma as a medium facilitating sperm penetration through bovine cervical mucus. PMID- 3504137 TI - Attempted protection of spermatogenesis from single doses of gamma-irradiation in the androgen pretreated rat. AB - Spermatogenic stem-cell survival after gamma-irradiation has been investigated in the adult Wistar rat. Single doses of 4.5 and 9 Gy gamma-rays were administered to the testes of rats who received arachis oil (0.1 ml/100 g body weight) or testosterone enanthate (240 micrograms/100 g body weight) subcutaneously three times weekly for 6 weeks prior to radiation and during the week in which the radiations were given. A mean percentage of regenerating seminiferous tubule cross-sections of 32.45% and 7.26% was found in the testes of androgen-pretreated rats at 8 weeks after 4.5 and 9 Gy, respectively. Similar values (33.4% and 6.2%) were obtained in arachis oil-pretreated controls. We therefore conclude that protection of rat spermatogenesis from single doses of gamma-rays cannot be achieved by androgen pretreatment. PMID- 3504139 TI - [Evaluation of the registration of congenital abnormalities in Belgian civilian vital statistics]. PMID- 3504138 TI - Phosphate, zinc, calcium, citric acid, and acid phosphatase in human ejaculates as related to coagulation/liquefaction. AB - Variations in the coagulation-liquefaction property of human seminal coagula have rarely been correlated to their ingredients. A number of seminal components were evaluated in relation to the degree of coagulation and the liquefaction time of human ejaculates. Correlation analyses suggested that the vesicular coagulatory activity can better be assessed by the phosphate level rather than the fructose and N-acetylamino sugar levels. The results showed that the fresh ejaculates with a smaller amount of coagulum possess significantly higher prostatic but lower vesicular activities in comparison with that of the better coagulating samples. The study also revealed that liquefaction time-based fractionation of the whole ejaculate seems to give an idea about the origin of some seminal components like split ejaculation technique. It was concluded that the material characteristics of human ejaculate can be approximated simply by determining its degree of coagulation or liquefaction time. PMID- 3504141 TI - [Observation on the subject of domestic parasites]. PMID- 3504140 TI - [Anthropometric analysis of the head circumference in neonates]. PMID- 3504142 TI - [The microbiological quality of health foods. Random sampling]. PMID- 3504143 TI - [Evaluation of the activities of the Taxonomic Subcommittee on Enterobacteriaceae of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology]. PMID- 3504144 TI - Cutaneous heparin necrosis associated with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 3504145 TI - Incidence of melanoma in surgically removed pigmented lesions. PMID- 3504146 TI - Acrochordon: a cutaneous sign of carbohydrate intolerance. PMID- 3504147 TI - Severe stress and psoriasis. PMID- 3504148 TI - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 3504149 TI - Management of solar keratoses. PMID- 3504150 TI - Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in Victoria: celebration of a golden jubilee? PMID- 3504151 TI - Detection of immuno-complex formation via surface plasmon resonance on gold coated diffraction gratings. AB - The sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance techniques to changes in local interfacial refractive index has been exploited to detect immuno-complex formation in two model biochemical systems. A gold-coated diffraction grating has been used to excite surface plasmons at the gold/solution interface to which either human immunoglobulin G or the immunoglobulin fraction of sheep antiserum to human serum albumin was physically adsorbed. The complementary proteins, either affinity purified goat anti-human-IgG IgG or human serum albumin was subsequently specifically bound by immuno-complex formation. The binding reactions could be followed with respect to time. PMID- 3504152 TI - Enzyme electrode composed of the pyruvate oxidase from Pediococcus species coupled to an oxygen electrode for measurements of pyruvate in biological media. AB - Pyruvate oxidase from Pediococcus species was immobilized with gelatin and insolubilized in film form by tanning with glutaraldehyde. The film was fixed onto the tip of an oxygen electrode. The enzyme electrode was specific for pyruvate measurements. This electrode was sensitive to 0.1 mM and could be used up to a final pyruvate concentration of 2 mM. At each step of the enzymatic film preparation and assay 0.7 mM thiamine pyrophosphate, 10 microM flavin adenine dinucleotide, 5 mM Mg2+ and 10 mM phosphate buffer were necessary. A computerized probe allowed successive measurements every 3 min for more than 20 h with the same enzymatic film. The reproducibility for the same pyruvate concentration was 2% during 400 assays without special optimization. This enzyme electrode has many applications in basic (metabolism, enzymology) and applied (blood, yoghurt) research. Results obtained from assays carried out in yoghurt are presented. PMID- 3504153 TI - [A new method for the etiological diagnosis of human scabies]. PMID- 3504154 TI - [Epidemiology of human and animal hydatidosis in Chile, with special reference to the 1975-1984 decade]. PMID- 3504156 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis. Comparative study of complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination reactions]. PMID- 3504155 TI - [Onchocerciasis as a health problem in the southeastern Mexico]. PMID- 3504157 TI - [Loxoscelism in the province of Valdivia (X Region, Chile). Clinical study of 9 cases]. PMID- 3504158 TI - [Infection by Dipylidium caninum in a young girl treated with praziquantel]. PMID- 3504159 TI - [Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Chile. IV. Prevalence of infection in domestic animals from rural-periurban localities of the first 7 regions of Chile, 1982 1985]. PMID- 3504160 TI - [Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in children of the northern section of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 3504161 TI - [Intestinal infection by parasites and/or commensals in food handlers of hospitals of the northern sector of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 3504162 TI - [Ectoparasitosis in rural schools of the V Region--Valparaiso, Chile, 1986]. PMID- 3504163 TI - [Canine toxocariasis: age, sex and breed as risk factors. Retrospective study of clinical records]. PMID- 3504164 TI - A 3-D model of enamel development at the scale of one inch to the micron. PMID- 3504165 TI - Epithelial-mesenchymal junctional area in an early stage of odontogenesis in Macaca fuscata. PMID- 3504166 TI - Application of high-resolution immunocytochemistry to the study of the secretory, resorptive, and degradative functions of ameloblasts. PMID- 3504168 TI - Relating developing surface to adult ultrastructure in Chiropteran enamel by SEM. PMID- 3504167 TI - Studies on the changes in developing enamel caused by ingestion of high levels of fluoride in the rat. PMID- 3504169 TI - Effects of calcium and phosphate on secretion of enamel matrix and its subsequent mineralization in vitro. PMID- 3504170 TI - Localization of cellular calcium in differentiating ameloblasts and its relationship to the early mineralization process in mantle dentin and enamel in hamster tooth germs in vitro. PMID- 3504172 TI - Distribution of calcium and phosphate in cells of the enamel organ in the rat lower incisor. PMID- 3504171 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calmodulin in rat incisor ameloblasts and odontoblasts during the early stages of development. PMID- 3504173 TI - Calcium bonding in enamel fluid and driving force for enamel mineralization in the secretory stage of amelogenesis. PMID- 3504174 TI - Function of amelogenins in porcine enamel mineralization during the secretory stage of amelogenesis. PMID- 3504175 TI - 45Ca-labeled proteins found in porcine developing dental enamel at an early stage of development. PMID- 3504176 TI - Isolation of two bovine amelogenin peptides and their amino acid sequences. PMID- 3504177 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against enamelin and against amelogenin proteins of developing enamel matrix. PMID- 3504178 TI - A characterization of amelogenin messenger RNA in the bovine tooth germ. PMID- 3504179 TI - Molecular cloning of bovine amelogenin cDNA. PMID- 3504180 TI - Examining the possible molecular origins for enamel protein complexity. PMID- 3504182 TI - Hydroxyapatite and carbonated apatite as models for the dissolution behavior of human dental enamel. PMID- 3504181 TI - Octacalcium phosphate as a precursor in biomineral formation. PMID- 3504183 TI - Enamel crystal shape: history of an idea.